bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevention of Varicella: Update of Recommendations for Use of Quadrivalent and Monovalent Varicella Vaccines in Children
Authors:   Committee on Infectious Diseases
Published: August 2011

This Policy Statement was retired January 2015.
Two varicella-containing vaccines are licensed for use in the United States: monovalent varicella vaccine (Varivax [Merck & Co, Inc, West Point, PA]) and quadrivalent measles-mumps-rubella-varicella vaccine (MMRV) (ProQuad [Merck & Co, Inc]). It is estimated from postlicensure data that after vaccination at 12 through 23 months of age, 7 to 9 febrile seizures occur per 10 000 children who receive the MMRV, and 3 to 4 febrile seizures occur per 10 000 children who receive the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) and varicella vaccines administered concurrently but at separate sites. Thus, 1 additional febrile seizure is expected to occur per approximately 2300 to 2600 children 12 to 23 months old vaccinated with the MMRV, when compared with separate MMR and varicella vaccine administration. The period of risk for febrile seizures is from 5 through 12 days after receipt of the vaccine(s). No increased risk of febrile seizures is seen among patients 4 to 6 years of age receiving MMRV. Febrile seizures do not predispose to epilepsy or neurodevelopmental delays later in life and are not associated with long-term health impairment. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that either MMR and varicella vaccines separately or the MMRV be used for the first dose of measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella vaccines administered at 12 through 47 months of age. For the first dose of measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella vaccines administered at ages 48 months and older, and for dose 2 at any age (15 months to 12 years), use of MMRV generally is preferred over separate injections of MMR and varicella vaccines.
Comparison of Earthworms (Lumbricidae) and Oribatid Mite (Acari, Oribatida) Communities in Natural and Urban Ecosystems
Authors: Murvanidze M. , Kvavadze E. , Mumladze L. , Arabuli T. 
Published: August 2011

Comparison of Earthworms (Lumbricidae) and Oribatid Mite (Acari, Oribatida) Communities in Natural and Urban EcosystemsThis study investigates earthworm and oribatid mite communities in urban, semi-natural and natural ecosystems of Tbilisi (Georgia). Ten species of earthworms and 100 species of oribatid mites were registered in 45 soil samples. Two species of oribatid mites,Microzetes auxilarisGrandjean, 1936 andMultioppia lanisetaMoritz, 1966, are new for the Caucasian fauna. We hypothesized that species number and abundance of invertebrate animals tend to decrease from natural to urban ecosystems. The hypothesis was supported only partially. Number of species of oribatid mites and earthworms decreased together with increase of urbanization, whereas abundance showed no significant changes due to high density of stress tolerant and ubiquitous species in urban sites. Accordingly, species abundance is considered to have minor indicatory value. Our studies support ecological "time-hypothesis" in a way that older (natural) sites were presented with more diverse fauna than recent (urban) ones. Statistical analyses showed that studied ecosystems should be grouped in two rather than three categories: in urban and natural ones.
Phrygian Glosses in Pseudo-Plutarch's Work De Fluviis
Authors: Kaczyńska Elwira 
Published: August 2011

Phrygian Glosses in Pseudo-Plutarch's Work De Fluviis
The aim of my study is to discuss three Phrygian glosses attested in Pseudo-Plutarch's work Περιπoταμων and explain them from the etymological and historical-comparative point of view. It is concluded finally that all the glosses should be regarded as a real and valuable part of the Phrygian language.
The Sounds of Europe
Authors: Stolz Thomas , Urdze Aina , Otsuka Hitomi 
Published: August 2011

The Sounds of EuropeThis article is meant to demonstrate not only that it is possible technically but that it also makes sense linguistically to study phonological phenomena in a pan-European perspective. To prove our point, we employ the current comparative methodology associated with the framework of typologically-inspired areal linguistics. The data are evaluated quantitatively. We focus on the classes of velar and post-velar fricatives with phoneme status. Our investigation is based empirically on data drawn from a sample of 157 contemporary varieties spoken in Europe. Our results are indicative of a non-random distribution of the above classes of phonemes. Genetic, typological and areal factors are discussed as potential explanations of the observed geo-linguistic distribution of velar and post-velar fricatives on European soil. The general conclusion we draw is that it is high time to develop a research program which is dedicated to the continent-wide in-depth study of the phonological make-up of Europe.
Estimation of the Fundamental Frequency of the Speech Signal Compressed by G.723.1 Algorithm Applying PCC Interpolation
Authors: Milivojević Zoran , Brodić Darko 
Published: August 2011

Estimation of the Fundamental Frequency of the Speech Signal Compressed by G.723.1 Algorithm Applying PCC Interpolation
In this paper the results of the estimation of the fundamental frequency of the speech signal modeled by the G.723.1 method are analyzed. The estimation of the fundamental frequency was performed by the Peaking-Peaks algorithm with the implemented Parametric Cubic Convolution (PCC) interpolation. The efficiency of PCC was tested for Keys, Greville and Greville two-parametric kernel. Depending on MSE a window that gives optimal results was chosen.
Environment Recognition for Digital Audio Forensics Using MPEG-7 and MEL Cepstral Features
Authors: Muhammad Ghulam , Alghathbar Khalid 
Published: August 2011

Environment Recognition for Digital Audio Forensics Using MPEG-7 and MEL Cepstral FeaturesEnvironment recognition from digital audio for forensics application is a growing area of interest. However, compared to other branches of audio forensics, it is a less researched one. Especially less attention has been given to detect environment from files where foreground speech is present, which is a forensics scenario. In this paper, we perform several experiments focusing on the problems of environment recognition from audio particularly for forensics application. Experimental results show that the task is easier when audio files contain only environmental sound than when they contain both foreground speech and background environment. We propose a full set of MPEG-7 audio features combined with mel frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) to improve the accuracy. In the experiments, the proposed approach significantly increases the recognition accuracy of environment sound even in the presence of high amount of foreground human speech.
A Stewart Platform as a FBW Flight Control Unit
Authors: Ömürlü Vasfi , Yildiz İbrahim 
Published: August 2011

A Stewart Platform as a FBW Flight Control UnitA variety of flight control units have been put into realization for navigational purposes of spatially moving vehicles (SMV), which is mostly manipulated by 2 or 3 degrees-of-freedom (DOF) joysticks. Since motion in space consists of three translational motions in forward, side and vertical directions and three rotational motions about these axis; with present joystick interfaces, spatial vehicles has to employ more than one navigational control unit to be able to navigate on all required directions. In this study, a 3 × 3 Stewart-Platform-based FBW (Fly-By-Wire) flight control unit with force feedback is presented which will provide single point manipulation of any SMVs along three translational and about three rotational axis. Within the frame of this paper, design, capability and the advantages of the novel system is mentioned. Kinematics of a Stewart Platform (SP) mechanism employed and its motion potentials is presented by simulations and workspace of the system is evaluated. Dynamic analysis by Bond-Graph approach will be mentioned. Mechatronic design of the complete structure is discussed and force reflection capability of the system with simulations is pointed out using stiffness control. Finally, the possible future work of the subject is discussed which may include the feasible solutions of the SP in terms of size and safety when implementing inside a cockpit.
A Case Study of a New Spot Welding Electrode Which has the Best Current Density by Magnetic Analysis Solutions
Authors: Tarimer İlhan , Arslan Serdal , Güven Emin , Karabaş Muhammet 
Published: August 2011

A Case Study of a New Spot Welding Electrode Which has the Best Current Density by Magnetic Analysis Solutions
At the present time work of spot welding is being broadly used at automotive applications which need serial production process and at part unification. In order to create a high quality spot welding time of welding, electric current intensity, junction, stress, and diameter of electrodes point must be considered earlier, Geometry of electrode point and current density are important for increasing quality at spot welding. In this study, Enose, Bnose and parabolic (ParaCap) type electrode geometries have been considered during design processes. Meanwhile, CMW 73, CMW 100, CMW 353, Elkaloy D, Elkaloy 20, Copper alloyed electrode types have been analyzed by using a magnetic analyzes software. The results helped to determine the best suitable electrode type which gives the best current density amongst different alloys and electrode shapes for the spot welding machines which have same diameter of electrode point.
Internal auditing as a tool for improving efficiency in public health
Authors: Kovač Irma 
Published: August 2011

Notranja revizija kot orodje za izboljšanje učinkovitosti poslovodenja v javnem zdravstvu
Notranjerevizijska dejavnost je dejavnost sodobnega časa. V Sloveniji v obdobju zadnjih desetih let zaznavamo izredno hiter razvoj in uveljavitev notranjega nadzora javnih financ na področju organizacij javnega zdravstva. Za proračunske uporabnike je notranjerevizijska dejavnost tudi predpisana z zakonom. Kot taka postaja v zadnjem času vse bolj vpeta tudi v poslovanje javnih zdravstvenih zavodov. Njeno delovanje označuje preizkušanje in ocenjevanje zadovoljivosti delovanja sistema notranjih kontrol in svetovanje pri njegovem izboljševanju zato, da bi zagotovili učinkovito in uspešno obvladovanje poslovnih tveganj bolnišnice. Poslovno tveganje razumemo kot vsak neugoden dogodek, ki vpliva na učinkovito in uspešno doseganje zastavljenih ciljev javnega zdravstvenega zavoda. Za obvladovanje tveganj je sicer odgovorno poslovodstvo, notranja revizija pa mu pri tem nudi ustrezno podporo. Svoje poslanstvo lahko notranja revizija izpolni uspešno le pod pogojem, da ima poslovodstvo ustrezno védenje in znanje o notranji reviziji.
Le risque comme construction sociale et la construction sociale des risques
Authors: García-Acosta Virginia 
Published: August 2011

The concept of “social construction“ associated with risks has proved to be an increasingly useful analytical tool among disaster experts. However, as is natural with the creation and evolution of theoretical concepts to explain reality, it has acquired different meanings. This, in some cases, has generated some confusion in its use. This paper attempts to clarify some of the variations of the concept “social construction of risk“ by studying and reviewing its main usages and contents. In particular, it looks at the concept's association with perception and with vulnerability. It is basically a theoretical essay intended to help scholars who study disasters so they can use more fluently one of the concepts that will allow them to better comprehend the object of their studies.Spanish
El concepto de “construcción social“ asociado con los riesgos ha demostrado una utilidad analítica cada vez mayor entre los estudiosos de los desastres. Sin embargo, como es natural que ocurra en la generación y evolución de planteamientos teóricos para la interpretación de la realidad, se le han atribuido significados diversos. Lo anterior ha contribuido en algunos casos a confusiones en su utilización. Este ensayo pretende contribuir a esclarecer algunas de las variaciones en el uso del concepto “construcción social del riesgo“ por medio del estudio y revisión de los principales manejos y contenidos que se le han dado, particularmente dos de ellos: el que lo asocia con la percepción y el que lo hace con la vulnerabilidad. Se trata de un ensayo básicamente de corte teórico, cuyo objetivo último es aportar elementos para que los estudiosos de los desastres puedan disponer con mayor fluidez de uno de los conceptos que permitan comprender el objeto de su estudio con más destreza.French
Le concept de « construction sociale » associé aux risques a démontré une utilité grandissante en tant qu'outil d'analyse pour les spécialistes qui étudient les catastrophes. Toutefois, comme c'est le cas de tout processus naturel de création et de développement des approches théoriques qui servent à l'interprétation de la réalité, des significations diverses ont été données à ce concept. Ce e diversité a contribué dans certains cas à créer des confusions dans son utilisation. Le présent article éclaircit des variations du concept de construction sociale du risque par l'étude et la révision des principaux usages et contenus qui lui ont été donnés, dont deux en particulier : celui qui l'associe à la perception, et celui qui l'associe à la vulnérabilité. Cet essai a comme objectif d'offrir une réflexion de nature théorique sur l'utilisation d'un des concepts fréquemment utilisés par ceux qui s'adonnent à l'étude des catastrophes.
Periferia urbana e incentivos económicos para la conservación ambiental
Authors: Campuzano Enrique Pérez 
Published: August 2011

This article offers an empirical reading of urban peripheries as complex spaces between urban, rural, and environmental planning. Peripheries have become conflictive, particularly in developing countries, as objects of interest by different actors (landholders, political parties, administrators), which complicates management and planning. The planning of peripheries should include the active participation of landholders. The author analyzes two options for their inclusion: the first is economic remuneration of landowners in order to avoid changes in land use, particularly in areas with high ecosystem value; second, the author underlines the importance of policy evaluation. The article presents the initial results of a research project on members of a cooperative (ejidatarios) and evaluates the application of the FOCOMDES program in the southern urban periphery of Mexico City.Spanish
Este artículo ofrece una lectura empírica sobre las periferias urbanas como espacios complejos entre la planificación urbana, rural, y ambiental. Particularmente en países en desarrollo, las periferias se han vuelto conflictivas en tanto objeto de interés de diversos actores (poseedores del suelo, partidos políticos, administradores), lo que complica aún más su proceso de gestión y planificación. La planificación periférica también debe incluir la participación activa de los poseedores del suelo. El autor analiza dos opciones de inclusión: la primera es la retribución económica a los propietarios para evitar el cambio del uso del suelo, particularmente en las zonas con alto valor ecosistémico; en segunda instancia, el autor subraya la importancia de la evaluación de dichas políticas. En esta parte se presentan los resultados iniciales de una investigación de campo en una comunidad de ejidatarios que evalúan la aplicación del programa Fondos Comunitarios para el Desarrollo Rural Equitativo y Sustentable (FOCOMDES) en periferia urbana del sur de la Ciudad de México.French
Cet article offre une lecture empirique des périphéries urbaines comme espaces complexes entre la planification urbaine, rurale et écologique. En particulier dans les pays en voie de développement, les périphéries sont devenues une source de conflit, constituant l'objet d'intérêt d'acteurs différents (les propriétaires fonciers, les partis politiques, les administrateurs). Cela complique encore davantage la gestion et la planification. La planification de périphéries devrait également inclure la participation active des propriétaires fonciers. L'auteur analyse deux options pour leur inclusion ; la première est la rémunération économique de propriétaires fonciers pour éviter des changements dans l'usage des terrains, notamment dans les zones avec une haute valeur d'écosystème. Dans la seconde option proposée, l'auteur souligne l'importance de l'évaluation de ces politiques. Ce e partie présente les premiers résultats d'un projet de recherche sur les membres d'une « ejido ». Ils évaluent l'application du programme FOCOMDES dans la périphérie sud de la Ville de Mexico.
Book Reviews
Authors: Giraldo Jiménez Fabio H. , Pimienta Betancur Alejandro 
Published: August 2011

F. Cortés Rodas & F. Piedrahita Ramírez. (2011). De Westfalia a Cosmópolis. Soberanía, ciudadanía, derechos humanos y justicia económica global, Bogotá: Siglo del Hombre Editores - Instituto de Filosofía, Universidad de Antioquia.
Review by Fabio H. Giraldo JiménezM. Santos. (2007). O espaço do cidadão. 7ª ed. Sao Paulo: Editora da Universidade de Sao Paulo.
Review by Alejandro Pimienta Betancur
Representations of Old Age in Falls Prevention Websites: Implications for Likely Uptake of Advice by Older People
Authors: Nyman Samuel R , Hogarth Harriet A , Ballinger Claire , Victor Christina R 
Published: August 2011

Introduction: The representations of old age in falls prevention websites were explored and considered for their potential impact on older people's uptake of the advice. Method: Websites were searched for using the strategy of a previous systematic-style review and evaluated using the principles of discourse analysis. Findings: In the analysis of 33 websites, three main subject positions afforded to older readers were identified: (1) Passive recipients: victims of the ageing process, ignorant, ill-informed and vulnerable; (2) Rational learners: responsive to information, rational problem solvers and compliant with prescriptive advice; and (3) Empowered decision makers: actively engaged with and evaluative of information, autonomous and responsible for their course of action. Discussion: Falls prevention websites were rarely designed according to evidence-based recommendations concerning fit with positive self-identity and empowerment of active self-management of health. Although the representation of older people as passive and inert was most evident, the image of empowered decision makers was most likely to engage older people in preventing falls. Conclusion: Occupational therapists should ensure that they represent older people in a positive and respectful manner in falls prevention information, both that available through the internet and in written form.
Evaluation of Occupational Therapy Pre-Discharge Home Visit Information Leaflets for Older Adults
Authors: Atwal Anita , Luke Alexandra , Plastow Nicola 
Published: August 2011

Purpose: This study evaluated the use, quality and readability levels of occupational therapists' pre-discharge home visit information leaflets. Method: One hundred and twelve surveys were sent via email to occupational therapists working with older people. The International Patient Decision Aids Standards and the SMOG Readability Formula were used to analyse five occupational therapy home visit leaflets, supplied by the 11 occupational therapists who responded to the survey. Results: The five leaflets had low scores in relation to providing unbiased and detailed information. In addition, the reading level of the information leaflets was, on average, four grades higher than the recommended level. Conclusion: Therapists need to ensure that the information within home visit leaflets is relevant, evidence based, and targeted at the correct readability level.
Identification of High Oleic Castor Seeds by Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy
Authors: Fernández‐Cuesta Álvaro , Fernández‐Martínez José M. , Velasco Leonardo 
Published: August 2011

AbstractCastor oil contains a high proportion (>80%) of the unusual hydroxy fatty acid ricinoleic acid. Additionally, a mutant with high oleic acid content (>70%) has been developed. Both fatty acids differ in the presence of an OH group in the C18 tail (ricinoleic acid). The objective of this research was to evaluate whether near‐infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) can be used to discriminate between high oleic and high ricinoleic acid seeds. Eight hundred and seventy‐two individual seeds collected in 2008, 688 high ricinoleic and 184 high oleic, were scanned by NIRS and further analyzed by GLC. As high oleic/low ricinoleic acid content is recessive and no intermediate fatty acid levels occur, the spectral data was subjected to linear discriminant analysis, which correctly classified all the seeds. The discriminant function was validated with a set of 637 seeds collected in 2009 from segregating populations, which were correctly classified in all cases. NIRS discrimination between oleic and ricinoleic acid was mainly based on spectral regions around 1,400 and 1,914 nm, putatively associated with the absorbance of the OH group. The results confirmed that NIRS provides an effective means of discriminating between high oleic and high ricinoleic acid seeds.
Effects of habitat perturbation on the daily activity pattern and physiological stress of the spiny tailed iguana (Ctenosaura acanthura)
Authors: Suárez-Domínguez Emilio Alfonso , Morales-Mávil Jorge Eufrates , Chavira Roberto , Boeck Lourdes 
Published: August 2011

AbstractHabitat perturbation due to human activities may generate numerous behavioural and physiological alterations in wild animals. In consequence, some individuals become more susceptible to diseases, while others modify their foraging behaviour or present a diminished reproductive success. In this study, we compare the daily activity pattern (DAP) and the levels of faecal glucocorticoids (fCORT) of individuals of spiny tailed iguana (Ctenosaura acanthura) found in conserved habitats, with those found in areas perturbed by human activities. Our results indicate that none of the behaviours (basking, resting, feeding, locomotion, movement and aggression) presented significant differences between habitats. Furthermore, the concentrations of fCORT were similar among individuals from both sites. We suggest that the spiny tailed iguana is a species that has adapted to perturbed areas, where it has found enough resources to survive. Our findings imply that iguanas are less sensitive to habitat degradation; additionally, these results may serve as a basis for future research aiming to describe behavioural and physiological characteristics of reptile species living in perturbed habitats.