bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An alternative route to nitric oxide resistance
Authors: Spiro Stephen 
Published: May 2010

Summary Vibrio fischeri is a bioluminescent bacterium that enters into a symbiosis with the bobtail squid Euprymna scolopes. The bacterium colonizes a specialized light organ, in which it generates light that might help the squid to hide its silhouette from animals beneath it. Previous studies have shown that the host nitric oxide (NO) synthase is active during colonization, suggesting that V. fischeri symbionts are exposed to NO. Thus, NO might play a role in regulating the symbiosis, a role possibly analogous to that of NO in the interaction between some pathogens and their hosts. One possibility is that NO helps to exclude other species from the light organ, in which case, the response of V. fischeri to NO is of considerable interest. In this issue of Molecular Microbiology, Dunn et al. report that V. fischeri produces an NO‐inducible and NO‐resistant alternative oxidase (Aox) that allows respiration to continue in the presence of NO concentrations that are inhibitory to the conventional respiratory oxidases. This is an important step towards a better understanding of the role that NO plays in the Vibrio‐squid symbiosis, and provides the first indication of a physiological function for a bacterial homologue of the plant Aox.
Cutaneous progressive angiomatosis on the muzzle of a dog, treated by laser photocoagulation therapy
Authors: Olivieri Lara , Nardini Giordano , Pengo Graziano , Abramo Francesca 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA 10‐year old, female, cocker spaniel was presented with a bleeding lesion on the muzzle and nasal planum observed initially as a small raised nodule at 1 year of age. This became clinically more pronounced at 5 years of age, progressively enlarged thereafter and was diagnosed initially as a vascular tumour. On clinical examination, multiple confluent nodules of variable diameter (0.5–1.5 cm) deformed the outline of the nose. Histological examination revealed a progressive angiomatosis with multifocal infiltrative growth of increased dermal vascularization with different sized and type of anastomosing vessels lined by a monolayer of reactive endothelium, often arranged as papillary projections into the lumina. Partial nosectomy, the first therapeutic approach, was unsuccessful and the lesion relapsed within 6 months. However, subsequent laser photocoagulation therapy provided a good cosmetic outcome, no relapse 1 year later, and appeared to provide an effective alternative to ablation surgery.
Heterogeneity ofStaphylococcus pseudintermediusisolates from atopic and healthy dogs
Authors: Fazakerley Jennifer , Williams Nicola , Carter Stuart , McEwan Neil , Nuttall Tim 
Published: May 2010

AbstractStaphylococcus pseudintermediusis part of the normal canine flora but frequently causes pyoderma in canine atopic dermatitis (AD). This study aimed to determine whether particularS. pseudintermediusstrains were associated with AD and/or pyoderma. Ninety‐sixS. pseudintermediusisolates from the ear, nares, perineum and lesions of 21 atopic and 16 healthy dogs were lysed with proteinase K and digested with 40 USmaI. Restriction products were separated using pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) with an OxfordS. aureuscontrol and lambda‐ladder DNA concatomer markers. A dendrogram was constructed by the unweighted pair group method. All isolates showed a ≥56% similarity coefficient. Nine distinct PFGE clusters were identified, as follows: five from both atopic and healthy dogs; three from atopic dogs only; and one from healthy dogs only. Nine clusters were isolated from the nares, eight from the perineum, five from the ears and six from pyoderma lesions. There were no significant differences in the frequency of isolation from atopic or healthy skin, body sites or infected lesions for any of the clusters. Two of six healthy dogs and 18 of 20 atopic dogs with multiple isolates had closely related isolates (less than three band differences) at more than one sampling site. Isolates from pyoderma lesions were closely related to at least one mucosal isolate in 11 of 16 dogs.Staphylococcus pseudintermediusisolates appear to be heterogeneous, and colonization or infection of atopic skin was not associated with any particular strain or cluster of strains.
Variability of estradiol concentration in normal dogs
Authors: Frank Linda A. , Mullins Rebekah , Rohrbach Barton W. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractEstradiol concentrations are evaluated in canine serum as part of an adrenal panel used to diagnose atypical Cushing’s syndrome and other endocrine abnormalities. Estradiol concentrations are often elevated in dogs without clinical signs of hyperestrogenism, and the significance of this elevation is unknown. The purpose of this study was to estimate the variation in estradiol concentrations in normal dogs. Ten neutered male and female dogs were enrolled in the study. Blood was collected from each dog at 2 h intervals, four times during a given day. This was repeated approximately 1 (week 2) and 5 weeks later (week 6). There was no attempt for a given dog to be started at the exact time or day each week. Results showed that estradiol concentrations ranged from 44.6 to 120.3 pg/mL with a mean of 70.4 pg/mL, which is greater than the upper limit of normal for our laboratory (69 pg/mL). The mean difference between the highest and lowest concentrations for each dog was 28.8 pg/mL, with a range of 12.5–53.5 pg/mL. Mean estradiol concentrations from week 6 (63.2 pg/mL) were significantly lower than those from week 1 (71.4 pg/mL;P = 0.015) and week 2 (76.5 pg/mL;P = 0.0004). These data show a wide range of variability in estradiol concentration both within and between dogs and that these measurements often exceed the normal ranges established by the laboratory. Therefore, diagnosis of hyperestrogenism or atypical Cushing’s syndrome based on increased estradiol concentrations should require compatible clinical presentation of hyperestrogenism together with elevated serum estradiol.
The role of plastidial glucose‐6‐phosphate/phosphate translocators in vegetative tissues of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants impaired in starch biosynthesis
Authors: Kunz H. H. , Häusler R. E. , Fettke J. , Herbst K. , Niewiadomski P. , Gierth M. , Bell K. , Steup M. , Flügge U.‐I. , Schneider A. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract Arabidopsis thaliana mutants impaired in starch biosynthesis due to defects in either ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase (adg1‐1), plastidic phosphoglucose mutase (pgm) or a new allele of plastidic phosphoglucose isomerase (pgi1‐2) exhibit substantial activity of glucose‐6‐phosphate (Glc6P) transport in leaves that is mediated by a Glc6P/phosphate translocator (GPT) of the inner plastid envelope membrane. In contrast to the wild type, GPT2, one of two functional GPT genes of A. thaliana, is strongly induced in these mutants during the light period. The proposed function of the GPT in plastids of non‐green tissues is the provision of Glc6P for starch biosynthesis and/or the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway. The function of GPT in photosynthetic tissues, however, remains obscure. The adg1‐1 and pgi1‐2 mutants were crossed with the gpt2‐1 mutant defective in GPT2. Whereas adg1‐1/gpt2‐1 was starch‐free, residual starch could be detected in pgi1‐2/gpt2‐1 and was confined to stomatal guard cells, bundle sheath cells and root tips, which parallels the reported spatial expression profile of AtGPT1. Glucose content in the cytosolic heteroglycan increased substantially in adg1‐1 but decreased in pgi1‐2, suggesting that the plastidic Glc6P pool contributes to its biosynthesis. The abundance of GPT2 mRNA correlates with increased levels of soluble sugars, in particular of glucose in leaves, suggesting induction by the sugar‐sensing pathway. The possible function of GPT2 in starch‐free mutants is discussed in the background of carbon requirement in leaves during the light–dark cycle.
Two differentially expressed MATE factor genes from apple complement the Arabidopsis transparent testa12 mutant
Authors: Frank S. , Keck M. , Sagasser M. , Niehaus K. , Weisshaar B. , Stracke R. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractProanthocyanidins (PAs) are a class of flavonoids with numerous functions in plant ecology and development, including protection against microbial infection, animal foraging and damage by UV light. PAs are also beneficial in the human diet and livestock farming, preventing diseases of the cardiovascular system and lowering the risk of cancer, asthma and diabetes. Apples (Malus x domestica Borkh.) are naturally rich in flavonoids, but the flavonoid content and composition varies significantly between cultivars. In this work, we applied knowledge from the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, for which the main features of flavonoid biosynthesis have been elucidated, to investigate PA accumulation in apple. We identified functional homologues of the Multidrug And Toxic compound Extrusion (MATE) gene TRANSPARENT TESTA12 from A. thaliana using a comparative genomics approach. MdMATE1 and MdMATE2 were differentially expressed, and the function of the encoded proteins was verified by complementation of the respective A. thaliana mutant. In addition, MdMATE genes have a different gene structure in comparison to homologues from other species. Based on our findings, we propose that MdMATE1 and MdMATE2 are vacuolar flavonoid/H+‐antiporters, active in PA accumulating cells of apple fruit. The identification of these flavonoid transporter genes expands our understanding of secondary metabolite biosynthesis and transport in apple, and is a prerequisite to improve the nutritional value of apples and apple‐derived beverages.
Histological Changes in Mango Seedlings Following Infection with Ceratocystis manginecans, the Cause of Mango Decline
Authors: Al‐Sadi Abdullah M. , Al‐Ouweisi Fatma A. , Al‐Shariani Nadiya K. , Al‐Adawi Ali O. , Kaplan Evelyn J. , Deadman Mike L. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract Ceratocystis manginecans‐induced wilt and decline of mango has devastated the mango industry in Oman during the last decade. The histological changes in mango seedlings following inoculation with the fungus were investigated. Twelve‐month‐old mango seedlings were artificially inoculated with C. manginecans, and development of the disease was recorded weekly for up to six weeks. Inoculated mango seedlings developed typical wilt symptoms within one week and produced gummosis in the inoculated areas. Weekly assessment of upward and downward movement of C. manginecans in the wood showed that the pathogen moved at 6.3 and 6.1 mm per day, respectively, with no significant differences in the rate of tissue colonization in opposite directions. Internal woody tissues of inoculated mango seedlings developed brown to dark brown discolouration. Discolouration of mango tissues was congruent or just behind the advancing hyphae of C. manginecans. Although there were no significant differences in the rate of internal discolouration in opposite directions from the point of inoculation, severity of wood discolouration was significantly higher above the area of inoculation compared to the area below inoculation. Tissues above and below the inoculation point were also examined microscopically. Tissues of inoculated mango seedlings were darkened, implying excessive production of phenolic compounds and gums as a defence mechanism following infection. In addition, tyloses and fungal mycelium were observed in the xylem of sections of the inoculated seedlings. This implies tyloses, mycelium movement in the vascular system and tissue discolouration as mechanisms responsible for wilt and death of infected mango trees.
Analysis of Polygalacturonase Enzyme Production in Isolates of Botrytis cinerea Sensitive to Different Fungicides Used in Vineyards
Authors: Özer Nuray , Köycü Nagehan Desen , Delen Nafiz 
Published: May 2010

AbstractReduction of mycelial growth and spore germination of Botrytis cinerea, the causal agent of grey mould, are common criteria to determine the sensitivity of this fungus to fungicides. In this article, the influence of nine different fungicides on polygalacturonase (PG) activity and mycelial dry weight (MDW) was analysed on culture filtrates from B. cinerea, obtained from grapes. All fungicides except triadimenol and tebuconazole inhibited MDW of isolates <50%. Cyprodinil + fludioxonil, myclobutanil and imazalil inhibited PG activity more than 50%. Fenhexamid had a lower inhibitory effect (<50%) on PG activity. Procymidone and pyrimethanil induced both PG activity and isoenzyme banding profile of isolates sensitive to these fungicides. This study provides a new additional tool for determining sensitivity to fungicides and monitoring the effect of fungicide resistance management policies.
Application of FTA®Cards to Sample Microbial Plant Pathogens for PCR and RT‐PCR
Authors: Grund Elisabeth , Darissa Omar , Adam Günter 
Published: May 2010

AbstractFor the detection of microbial plant pathogens, like fungi, bacteria, viruses and viroids, methods based on nucleic acids have gained importance as the availability of sequence information increased. This requires well‐established extraction procedures that are cheap, non‐laborious, safe and reliable. The paper cards introduced by Flinders Technology Associates, acronym FTA®cards, offer a simple tool to sample and preserve nucleic acids from many kinds of biological specimen and have been already tested for their potential to sample and process several plant pathogens in PCR and RT‐PCR. We have tested FTA cards for the sample preparation of a broader range of plant pathogens with different NA contents and subsequent amplification by PCR, RT‐PCR as well as multiplex PCR.
Status epilepticus in children: Causes, clinical features and short‐term outcome
Authors: Besli Gulser Esen , Saltik Sema , Erguven Muferet , Bulut Ozgul , Abul Mehtap Haktanir 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackground:  We aimed to evaluate the cause, clinical profile, and short‐term outcome of status epilepticus cases that were admitted to our pediatric emergency unit between 1 January and 31 December 2008.Methods:  We studied the clinical features of 59 seizures that occurred in 56 patients aged between 3 months and 15 years with the diagnosis of status epilepticus. We observed the clinical course and outcome of 53 cases for 6 to 18 months. The correlation between the cause of the seizure and the patient's age at the time of status epilepticus was evaluated as well as the correlation between the risk of seizure recurrence and family history of seizure, the neurological status of the patient prior to seizure and the presence of epilepsy.Results:  The most common cause of status epilepticus is febrile illness in children younger than 2 years and idiopathic/cryptogenic and remote symptomatic causes in children older than 2 years. The rate of recurrence of seizure was significantly higher in cases with existing neurological abnormalities, prior epilepsy and seizures with remote symptomatic causes. The most common triggering factors of status epilepticus development in cases with epilepsy were noncompliance for anti‐epileptic drugs and infectious fever.Conclusions:  In our study, the risk factors for seizure recurrence were the presence of prior epilepsy, existence of neurological abnormalities and remote symptomatic causes. We argue that improving the compliance of patients and their families to take medicine appropriately and training them in how to cope with febrile illnesses may decrease the recurrence of seizures.
Current status and clinical presentations of invasive neonatal Group B streptococcal infections in Korea
Authors: Park Kyung Hee , Kim Kyung Hyo , Kang Jin Han , Kim Kwang Nam , Kim Dong Soo , Kim Yun Kyung , Kim Jung Soo , Kim Jong Hyun , Kim Chang Hwi , Kim Hwang Min , Oh Sung Hee , Chung Eun Hee , Cha Sung Ho , Choi Young Youn , Hur Jae Kyun , Hong Young Jin , Park Su Eun , Lee Hoan Jong 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackground:  Group B streptococcus (GBS) is the most common cause of invasive neonatal infections in developed countries. The incidence of early‐onset GBS disease in Korea is known to be much lower than that in other developed countries; however neonatal GBS disease has been frequently reported in recent years in Korea. This retrospective study sought to determine the current status and clinical presentation of neonatal GBS disease in Korea.Methods:  From January 1996 through December 2005, GBS cases (n= 157) diagnosed in blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or other sterile body fluids among infants <3 months of age from 14 university hospitals in Korea were identified. Age of onset, diagnosis, underlying medical conditions, and outcomes were investigated by reviewing the medical records.Results:  A total of 157 cases were identified during the study period. Of the cases, 32 were early‐onset disease (EOD) and 125 were late‐onset disease (LOD). Twenty‐six of the EOD cases had symptoms during the first 24 h after birth. One hundred of the 157 GBS cases were diagnosed as meningitis. The mortality rate of EOD was 20.7%. The case fatality rate of LOD was 7.2% and 25.2% of LOD cases had sequelae.Conclusions:  GBS is becoming an important cause of invasive neonatal infections in Korea, with LOD being more common. It may not be currently necessary to adopt the prevention guidelines of perinatal GBS disease in Korea. However, studies of maternal GBS carriage rates and neonatal GBS disease will continue.
Comparison of food allergy prevalence among Chinese infants in Chongqing, 2009 versus 1999
Authors: Hu Yan , Chen Jing , Li Haiqi 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackground:  Food allergy prevalence is increasing in developed countries, but these results have not yet been verified in developing countries, especially in China. Our aim was to determine whether the prevalence and characteristics of food allergy have changed over the last 10 years in Chongqing, China.Methods:  Two cross‐sectional studies were performed, 10 years apart (1999 and 2009) using the same diagnostic methods in the same age group (0–24 months) of the same clinic in Chongqing, China. A total of 401 infants were randomly selected for the present study. Food allergy was confirmed by food challenge. spss 15.0 was used to analyze the difference in prevalence.Results:  Food allergy prevalence increased significantly from 3.5% in 1999 to 7.7% in 2009 (P= 0.017). The prevalence of a positive skin‐prick‐test response was also increased (from 9.9% to 18%; P= 0.002). Egg and cow's milk were still the most common food allergens, which cause skin and gastrointestinal symptoms in most infants.Conclusion:  This is the first study in China to indicate time trends in food allergy prevalence and characteristics. Our data show that in the 10‐year period from 1999 to 2009, the prevalence of food allergy seems to have increased in China.
Therapeutic relationship: Developing a new understanding for nurses and care workers within an eating disorder unit
Authors: Wright Karen M. 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTThe establishment of a positive therapeutic relationship has been widely acknowledged internationally as an intrinsic part of therapy and caring services, even healing and restorative in its own right. In this paper, current understandings of the therapeutic relationship are presented and reconsidered within the context of caring for patients with anorexia in hospital in the UK. The relevance of interpersonal processes and the expectations of care and recovery are re‐evaluated and the question posed as to whether these principles can be wholly employed in this setting. The service in which the therapeutic relationship exists (eating disorder services), current understandings of ‘therapeutic relationship’, responsibility, and tensions that exist in attaining a relationship are examined.
Retrospective analysis of absconding behaviour by acute care consumers in one psychiatric hospital campus in Australia
Authors: Mosel Krista A. , Gerace Adam , Muir‐Cochrane Eimear 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTAbsconding is increasingly being recognized as a problem within mental health settings with significant risks for consumers. This study examines absconding behaviours across three acute care wards within an Australian psychiatric hospital campus over a 12‐month period. A descriptive statistical analysis determined the rate of absconding from 49 consumers who absconded 64 times. The absconding rate was 13.33% (absconding events), with most absconding events arising from males diagnosed with schizophrenia (57.14%) aged between 20 and 29 years, and with 62.50% of absconding events occurring whilst consumers were on their first 21‐day detention order. Nearly half of all absconding events were by consumers who had absconded previously, with the highest proportion of events occurring during nursing handover. A profile of people who abscond, time of day of absconding, legal status and repeated absconding behaviours are described. The emergent profile of consumers who absconded within this study bears some similarities to that described in overseas research, although in this study consumers were slightly older and 25% of absconders were female. Of particular interest are findings that identify the timings of absconding events in relation to a consumer's legal status. Implications for practice, including assessment of risk of absconding and management, are considered.
Nurses' experience of adjusting to workplace violence: A theory of adaptation
Authors: Chapman Rose , Styles Irene , Perry Laura , Combs Shane 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTWorkplace violence directed at nurses working in both the mental health and general areas of the hospital is a common occurrence and the impact of these events on all parties may be severe. A consequence of these confronting situations is the possibility that nurse victims will leave the profession. To help administrators facilitate nurses' psychological recovery, this qualitative study identified how nurses in several areas of a hospital setting adapted to workplace violence, research which has been previously unexamined. This study was the first of its kind to use a theory of cognitive adaptation to explore nurses' experiences of workplace violence. Participants were found to use the cognitive processes of finding meaning, gaining mastery and enhancing the self to adapt to workplace violence. Critical incident debriefing may facilitate the nurse victim's psychological recovery following an episode of workplace violence.
Nurses' attitudes to the use of seclusion: A review of the literature
Authors: Happell Brenda , Harrow Alison 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTSeclusion is now widely recognized as a coercive strategy with negative consequences for the consumers and staff involved. Nevertheless, this intervention continues to be used frequently in mental health services internationally. Due to their direct care role, nurses are commonly involved in the initiation or management of seclusion. Understanding nurses' attitudes to seclusion is therefore essential for the success of any attempts to reduce its use. A review of the literature was conducted using the search terms ‘patient’, ‘seclusion’, ‘attitudes’, ‘nurses’ and ‘containment’. Twenty‐eight articles which met the inclusion criteria were identified. Analysis of these articles identified six main themes: a necessary intervention; workplace culture; staff composition and experience; conflict; ethical considerations; and consumer characteristics. An overview of the literature is presented according to these main themes. The research suggests that most nurses support the continued use of seclusion as a strategy for the management of violence and aggression. A deeper understanding of the factors that influence attitudes is necessary if seclusion rates are to be effectively reduced.