bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The future of development management: Introduction to the special issue
Authors: McCourt Willy , Gulrajani Nilima 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis article introducing the Special Issue begins with a review of development administration and management's post‐independence history, outlining the new challenges posed by the rise of the governance model and critical development management. The seven articles, which follow, are then summarised. We extrapolate from them to suggest new directions for development management: a better understanding of the relationship between politics and management; using a more nuanced view of policy to inform development management specialists' ethical choices between policies; understanding policy capture by hostile interests; taking the ‘view from below’, studying local sensemaking and the way it affects programme outcomes, and the interaction of power and knowledge. Suggested new directions include a focus on the practice of development agencies and on developing appropriate research methodologies. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
International development management through a Southern lens
Authors: AbouAssi Khaldoun 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDevelopment Management (DM) has always been seen through the lens of the Global North. Taking its cue from Brinkerhoff and Brinkerhoff's (2010) study on the state of international DM from a Northern perspective, this article provides a complementary perspective from Lebanon in order to spark a North–South debate on the state of DM in terms of its values and institutional agendas and the role of government. The article concludes with a discussion on some implications for policy and practice in Lebanon and the DM more generally, suggesting that the Southern perspective is cautiously more tolerant of politics in development and that the role of government in development should be that of an active partner and facilitator. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Entwicklung von Histon‐Desacetylaseinhibitoren. Potente Wirkstoffe vor allem bei Krebserkrankungen
Authors: Heinke Ralf , Sippl Wolfgang 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDie epigenetische Regulation verläuft unter anderem über posttranslationale kovalente Modifikationen an Histonproteinen. Sowohl bei der Entstehung bestimmter Krebsarten als auch in verschiedenen anderen Krankheitsgeschehen wie neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen konnte eine Fehlregulation dieser Modifikationen, insbesondere des Acetylierungsgleichgewichts, nachgewiesen werden. Daher befinden sich viele Hemmstoffe von Histon‐Desacetylasen in der präklinischen Entwicklungsphase und einige bereits in der klinischen Erprobung und der Therapie.
Valproinsäure als Histon‐Desacetylase‐Hemmstoff. Neues Einsatzgebiet für einen altbekannten Arzneistoff
Authors: Wagner Julia Mareike , Bug Gesine , Jung Manfred 
Published: April 2010

AbstractValproinsäure wird bereits seit den 60er Jahren des vergangenen Jahrhunderts mit gutem Erfolg als Antikonvulsivum in der Therapie der Epilepsie eingesetzt. Anfang dieses Jahrhunderts fand man heraus, dass die Substanz die Aktivität der Histon‐Desacetylasen (HDAC) hemmt. Aufgrund ihres guten Sicherheitsprofils wird Valproinsäure nun in klinischen Studien zur Anwendung als Krebsmedikament geprüft.
Die ersten Sterne im Universum. Kosmologie
Authors: Bromm Volker , Greif Thomas 
Published: April 2010

AbstractNach dem Urknall enthielt die Materie fast ausschließlich Wasserstoff und Helium. Erst die ersten Sterne erzeugten im Innern schwere Elemente und reicherten das Urgas damit an. Computersimulationen belegen, dass die erste Sterngeneration (Population III) wesentlich massereicher (um 100 Sonnenmassen) war als die heutige. Einige von ihnen explodierten möglicherweise als Paarinstabiliäts‐Supernovae und reicherten das Urgas besonders effizient mit schweren Elementen an. Während die ersten Sterne auch mit kommenden Observatorien wie dem James Webb Space Telescope unbeobachtbar bleiben werden, werden sich Paarinstabiliäts‐Supernovae möglicherweise nachweisen lassen.
Der Magnus‐Effekt
Authors: Heering Peter , Rieß Falk 
Published: April 2010

AbstractEiner der klassischen Effekte, die in der Alltagsphysik eine Rolle spielen, ist der Magnus‐Effekt. Schon Newton hat ihn beschrieben, doch eine konsistente Erklärung lieferte erst der Berliner Experimentalphysiker Gustav Magnus (1802–1870).
Das Lied des Wasserglases
Authors: Tillmanns Andrea 
Published: April 2010

AbstractKann man sich im Dunkeln ein Glas Wasser eingießen, ohne dass es überläuft? Nicht nur mit Hilfe eines tastenden Fingers ist das möglich – mit etwas Übung kann man auch hören, wie voll das Glas bereits ist und wann sich der Flüssigkeitspegel dem oberen Rand nähert.
Polyvinylamine at last
Authors: Pinschmidt Robert K. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA sustained effort to develop and commercialize a practical radical addition route to amine functional polymers (AFPs) resulted, after almost 20 years, in the successful completion of a world scale monomer plant to produce N‐vinylformamide (NVF). NVF is readily polymerized and its polymers are easily hydrolyzed to reactive and atom economical polyvinylamine (PVAm) or its salts. This highlight touches on work by many companies, but focuses on efforts at Air Products and Chemicals, tracing the origins, rational, challenges, technical and commercial advances, and failures. Practical routes to new AFPs, copolymers, and derivatives across the entire molecular weight range (MW < 103 to >106) were achieved. NVF offers access to multiple water soluble, water dispersible, and nonwater soluble polymer markets, including papermaking additives and coatings, water treatment polymers, enhanced oil recovery polymers, radiation cure monomers, stabilizers, dispersing agents, surfactants, and crosslinkers. Lessons learned along the road to commercializing major new chemical technologies are also highlighted. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 2257–2283, 2010
A Simulation Study of Laboratory Scale Ball and Vertical Stirred Mills
Authors: Samanli Selcuk , Cuhadaroglu Dilek , Kizgut Sait 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the grindability of solid fossil fuels from a thermal power plant by using a vertical stirred mill and conventional ball mill. The solid fossil fuel sample was obtained from the Zonguldak Catalagzi thermal power plant in Turkey. The sample below 3350 μm (d80 = 2100 μm) was ground in the laboratory scale stirred mill and ball mill. The d80 sizes of the products at the end of grinding periods of 0.25, 0.50, 1 and 4 min in the stirred mill were determined as 190, 102, 78 and 28 μm, respectively. For this purpose, the stirred mill was used at a stirring speed of 360 rpm and with a 6 mm diameter ball. In the ball mill, the d80 sizes of product after 1, 4, 8, 12 and 24 min of grinding were determined as 1802, 1130, 324, 167 and 81 μm, respectively. The results indicated that grinding by means of a stirred mill was much more efficient than grinding with a ball mill in terms of size distribution of the products. The energy consumption of the product with d80 = 78 μm was obtained as 10.53 kWh/t after 1 min of grinding time in the laboratory scale stirred mill. In the same manner, the energy consumption of product with d80 = 81 μm by using the laboratory scale ball mill was 72.73 kWh/t after 24 min of grinding. It can be clearly seen that the d80 size of the fossil fuel reduced from 2100 μm to 1130 μm after a 4 min grinding period in the ball mill grinding tests. However, the d80 size of the solid fossil fuel reduced to 28 μm after the same grinding time in the stirred mill and it was also possible to efficiently obtain size reduction below 100 μm. However, the ball mill grinding process cannot provide this efficient size reduction for longer grinding times. The ball mill grinding experimental results and simulation results showed that they were fairly consistent with each other. The simulation of higher speed mills such as pin type stirrers has been extensively investigated for relatively small‐scale applications by JKSimMet. In this study, the JKSimMet software package was adapted for a stirred mill with the help of the base model of ball milling.
Sequence and structure continuity of evolutionary importance improves protein functional site discovery and annotation
Authors: Wilkins A. D. , Lua R. , Erdin S. , Ward R. M. , Lichtarge O. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractProtein functional sites control most biological processes and are important targets for drug design and protein engineering. To characterize them, the evolutionary trace (ET) ranks the relative importance of residues according to their evolutionary variations. Generally, top‐ranked residues cluster spatially to define evolutionary hotspots that predict functional sites in structures. Here, various functions that measure the physical continuity of ET ranks among neighboring residues in the structure, or in the sequence, are shown to inform sequence selection and to improve functional site resolution. This is shown first, in 110 proteins, for which the overlap between top‐ranked residues and actual functional sites rose by 8% in significance. Then, on a structural proteomic scale, optimized ET led to better 3D structure‐function motifs (3D templates) and, in turn, to enzyme function prediction by the Evolutionary Trace Annotation (ETA) method with better sensitivity of (40% to 53%) and positive predictive value (93% to 94%). This suggests that the similarity of evolutionary importance among neighboring residues in the sequence and in the structure is a universal feature of protein evolution. In practice, this yields a tool for optimizing sequence selections for comparative analysis and, via ET, for better predictions of functional site and function. This should prove useful for the efficient mutational redesign of protein function and for pharmaceutical targeting.
Four case studies, six years later: Developing system thinking skills in junior high school and sustaining them over time
Authors: Ben‐Zvi‐Assaraf Orit , Orion Nir 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis study examines the process by which system thinking perceptions develop within the context of a water cycle curriculum. Four junior high school students undergoing an especially designed inquiry‐based intervention were closely observed before, during, immediately after, and 6 years after completing a year long systems‐based learning program. The employed research tools included observations, semi‐structured interviews, and a number of “concept viewing” tools (drawings, concept maps, and repertory grids). Out of the data, four distinct “stories,” each presenting a different way of constructing hydro system mental models, are described. The paper's main conclusion is that students develop their systems mental models and remember the learned material based on learning patterns that tend to remain unchanged over time. Consequently, in order to facilitate efficient and lasting construction of students' system models, learning experiences should harness these, and especially the meta‐cognitive learning pattern, which holds special significance for constructing systems. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 47: 1253–1280, 2010
A New Method of Synthesis of Monomeric Aryloxide Complexes of Manganese(II): Structures of Manganese Phenoxides
Authors: Deacon Glen B. , Goh Lai Yoong , Jackson W. Roy , Skelton Brian W. , Chen Wei , White Allan H. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractMonomeric manganese(II) complexes of bulky alkyl/ aryl‐substituted phenoxides, [Mn{C6HnRmO}2(DME)] [1: R = C6H5, n = 3, m = 2 (2,6); 2: R = Me3C, n = 3, m = 2 (2,6); 3: R = Me3C, n = 2, m = 3 (2,4,6)] were prepared in yields of 37, 44 and 72 %, respectively, from the reaction of manganese powder, Hg(C6F5)2 and the corresponding phenol in the presence of a little mercury in dimethoxyethane (DME). The compounds were characterized spectroscopically and by magnetic measurements. The single crystal structures of 1 and 3 and also of the mixed phenoxide complex [Mn{(C6H3(C6H5)2‐2,6‐O}{C6H3(Me3C)2‐2,6‐O}(DME)] 4 are reported.
Polyether Adducts of d‐Block Metal Compounds as Starting Materials for New Cluster Compounds
Authors: Crochet Aurélien , Fromm Katharina M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractNew crystalline cobalt, nickel, zinc, and mercury halide adducts with polyethers as ligands have been isolated, characterized, and identified as [Co(μ‐Cl)2CoCl2(glyme)2] (glyme = 1,2‐dimethoxyethane), cis‐[CoI2(H2O)2(glyme)2]2+[CoI4]2–, [NiI2(glyme)2], [ZnI2(glyme)], [HgCl2(glyme)], [CoI2(diglyme)] (diglyme = bis(2‐methoxyethyl)ether), [ZnI2(diglyme)], [HgI2(diglyme)], [CoCl(μ‐Cl)(diglyme)]2, [NiI(μ‐I)(diglyme)]2, [Co(μ‐Cl)(triglyme)]22+[CoCl2(μ‐Cl)]22–, and cis‐[(NiI2)(triglyme)]n. These compounds were obtained from the metal halide salts in solution of glyme or diglyme, and some of them show unusual coordination numbers and arrangements.
Synthesis and Crystal Structures of K2SnAs2 and a New Modification of NaAs
Authors: Burtzlaff Susanne , Hołyńska Małgorzata , Dehnen Stefanie 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSolid state reactions of potassium or sodium with tin and arsenic resulted in the formation of a new ternary Zintl phase, K2SnAs2 (1) and a new modification of the binary Zintl phase NaAs (2), the syntheses and structures we report herein. Compound 1 is described in the orthorhombic space group Cccm with the unit cell dimensions a = 14.653(5), b = 25.415(6), c = 6.953(4) Å, V = 2589(2) Å3 at 203 K, R(int) = 0.1686 and final R values R1 = 0.0780 [I > 2σ(I)); wR2 = 0.1810 (all data)). Compound 2 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c and accords to the LiAs structure type with the unit cell dimensions a = 6.242(9), b = 5.849(7), c = 11.55(2) Å, β = 117.1(2)°, V = 375(1) Å3 at 173 K, R(int) = 0.0812 and final R values R1 = 0.0677 [I > 2σ(I)); wR2 = 0.1541 (all data).
Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Series of Cationic Fumaric Polymerizable Emulsifiers
Authors: Qiao Weihong , Cao Cui , Sun Yingli , Liu Hongzhu , Zhao Xingshun , Fu Xinmei 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA series of novel cationic fumaric polymerizable emulsifiers (named as F series emulsifiers) were synthesized. The chemical structures of these emulsifiers were confirmed by 1H NMR and MS and their minimal inhibitory concentrations to Escherichia coli were determined. Antibacterial tests of latex films showed that [2‐(N‐benzyl‐N,N‐dimethylamino)ethyl]dodecyl fumaric ammonium bromide, [2‐(N‐benzyl‐N,N‐dimethylamino)ethyl]decyl fumaric ammonium chloride and [2‐(N‐benzyl‐N,N‐dimethylamino)ethyl]dodecyl fumaric ammonium chloride can possibly be used as a polymerizable bactericides.
Occurrence of the cis‐4,7,10, trans‐13‐22:4 Fatty Acid in the Family Pectinidae (Mollusca: Bivalvia)
Authors: Kraffe Edouard , Grall Jacques , Palacios Elena , Guerra Citlali , Soudant Philippe , Marty Yanic 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe present study aimed to elucidate the effective phylogenetic specificity of distribution of a cis‐4,7,10, trans‐13‐22:4 (22:4(n‐9)Δ13trans) among pectinids. For this purpose, we extended the analysis of membrane glycerophospholipids FA composition to 13 species of scallops, covering 11 genera and 7 tribes representatives of the three subfamilies Chlamydinae, Palliolinae and Pectininae and the subgroup Aequipecten. In species belonging to the subfamily Pectininae and the Aequipecten subgroup, 22:4(n‐9)Δ13trans was found in substantial amounts, but it was absent in other species belonging to the subfamilies Chlamydinae and Palliolinae. Homologous non‐methylene‐interrupted (NMI) FA, also hypothesized to differ along phylogenetic lines in bivalves, were totally absent or present only in trace amounts in representatives of the Aequipecten subgroup but ranged from 0.3 to 4.5% of the total FA in Pectinidae, Chlamydinae, and Palliolinae subfamilies. The species‐specific occurrence of NMI and 22:4(n‐9)Δ13trans FA in membrane lipids of pectinids agrees with the most recent phylogenies based on shell morphology and molecular characteristics. We examined the potential timing of the appearance of 22:4(n‐9)Δ13trans in pectinids on a geologic time scale.
Tic disorders: Administrative prevalence and co-occurrence with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in a German community sample
Authors: Schlander M. , Schwarz O. , Rothenberger A. , Roessner V. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractCoexistence of tics and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has important clinical and scientific implications. Existing data on the co-occurrence of tic disorders, Tourette Syndrome (TS), and ADHD are largely derived from small-scale studies in selected samples and therefore heterogeneous. The Nordbaden project captures the complete outpatient claims data of more than 2.2 million persons, representing 82% of the regional population in 2003. Based upon the number of diagnosed cases of tic disorders, TS, and ADHD, we determined 12-months administrative prevalence rates as well as rates of co-occurrence. Both tic disorders and ADHD were diagnosed most often in the age group 7–12 years (any tic disorder: 0.8%; ADHD: 5.0%). With increasing age, the administrative prevalence difference in favor of males disappeared, with tic disorders being somewhat more frequently reported in females than males in the age groups above 30 years. The highest rate of ADHD co-occurring with tic disorders was found in adolescents (age 13–18 years, 15.1%). Tic disorders were observed in 2.3% of patients with ADHD. Administrative prevalence rates of tic disorders and TS were substantially lower compared to rates found in community-based epidemiological studies, suggesting that a large number of cases remain undetected and untreated under present conditions of routine outpatient care.
Physician speciality and pain reduction in patients with depressive symptoms under treatment with venlafaxine
Authors: Begré S. , Traber M. , Gerber M. , von Känel R. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectivesExcessive pain perception may lead to unnecessary diagnostic testing or invasive procedures resulting in iatrogenic complications and prolonged disability. Naturalistic studies on patients with chronic pain and depressive symptoms investigating the impact of medical speciality on treatment outcome in a primary care setting are lacking.MethodsIn this observational study, we examined whether the magnitude of pain reduction in 444 patients with depressive symptomatology under venlafaxine would relate differently to the medical speciality of the 122 treating physicians, namely psychiatrists (n= 110 patients), general practitioners (n= 236 patients), and internists (n= 98 patients).ResultsIndependent of age, gender, patient's region of origin, comorbidity, severity and duration of pain, and depressive symptoms at study entry, patients seemed to benefit significantly less in terms of pain reduction (p< 0.001) and of reduction in severity of depressive symptomatology by psychiatrists as compared to general practitioners (p< 0.019) and internists (p< 0.002).ConclusionsThe findings suggest that patients referred to psychiatrists are more difficult to treat than those referred to general practitioners and internists, and might not have been adequately prepared for psychiatric interventions. A supporting cooperation and networking between psychiatrists and primary care physicians may contribute to an integrated treatment concept and therefore, may lead to a better outcome in this challenging patient group.
Obesity in Pregnancy
Authors: Davies Gregory A.L. , Maxwell Cynthia , McLeod Lynne , Gagnon Robert , Basso Melanie , Bos Hayley , Delisle Marie‐France , Farine Dan , Hudon Lynda , Menticoglou Savas , Mundle William , Murphy‐Kaulbeck Lynn , Ouellet Annie , Pressey Tracy , Roggensack Anne , Leduc Dean , Ballerman Charlotte , Biringer Anne , Duperron Louise , Jones Donna , Lee Lily Shek‐Yun , Shepherd Debra , Wilson Kathleen 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo review the evidence and provide recommendations for the counselling and management of obese parturients.OutcomesOutcomes evaluated include the impact of maternal obesity on the provision of antenatal and intrapartum care, maternal morbidity and mortality, and perinatal morbidity and mortality.EvidenceLiterature was retrieved through searches of Statistics Canada, Medline, and The Cochrane Library on the impact of obesity in pregnancy on antepartum and intrapartum care, maternal morbidity and mortality, obstetrical anaesthesia, and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Results were restricted to systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials/controlled clinical trials, and observational studies. There were no date or language restrictions. Searches were updated on a regular basis and incorporated in the guideline to April 2009. Grey (unpublished) literature was identified through searching the websites of health technology assessment and health technology assessment‐related agencies, clinical practice guideline collections, clinical trial registries, and national and international medical specialty societies.ValuesThe evidence obtained was reviewed and evaluated by the Maternal Fetal Medicine and Clinical Practice Obstetric Committees of the SOGC under the leadership of the principal authors, and recommendations were made according to guidelines developed by the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care.Benefits, Harms, and CostsImplementation of the recommendations in this guideline should increase recognition of the issues clinicians need to be aware of when managing obese women in pregnancy, improve communication and consultation amongst the obstetrical care team, and encourage federal and provincial agencies to educate Canadians about the values of entering pregnancy with as healthy a weight as possible.
The Influence of Initial Bipedal Stance Width on the Clinical Measurement of Unipedal Balance Time
Authors: Richardson James K. , Tang Chi , Nwagwu Chijioke , Nnodim Joseph 
Published: April 2010

ObjectiveTo determine the effect of varying initial bipedal stance width (ISW) on the clinical measurement of unipedal balance time (UBT).DesignObservational, cross‐sectional study.SettingAcademic physiatric outpatient facility.SubjectsThirty‐one clinic subjects with neuromuscular and/or musculoskeletal conditions known to influence mobility and 30 similarly‐aged healthy subjects.MethodsDemographic and clinical information were recorded. UBT was determined under 3 distinct conditions by varying bipedal intermalleolar distance: (1) ISW of 0.3 body height; (2) ISW of 0.05 body height; and (3) ISW of 0 body height. The last was accomplished by subjects assuming unipedal balance while using the hands on a horizontal surface for stabilization. Subjects lifted the contralateral foot (or hands in the case of 0 body height condition) in response to a cadenced command to minimize variation in rate of weight transfer.Main Outcome MeasureUBT under each of the 3 ISW conditions.ResultsMean UBT increased with decreasing ISW, and the differences were significant when comparing each ISW with the next smaller. Healthy subjects demonstrated greater UBT than clinic subjects at each ISW, but the magnitude of these group differences were similar across ISW condition. A UBT >10 seconds in the 0.3 body height ISW was the best discriminator between clinic and healthy subjects.ConclusionBecause UBT varies with ISW, standardization of ISW is necessary for accurate within‐subject, and between‐subject, comparisons in UBT. Healthy subjects were best differentiated from clinic subjects by UBT >10 seconds in the 0.3 body height ISW condition.