bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Evaluation of High-Risk HPV in Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Lip in a South African Cohort
Authors: Harbor Sharon N. , Schneider Johann W. , Solomons Nadine , Sanderson Micheline , Afrogheh Amir H. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
To determine the prevalence of HR-HPV in a series of lip SCC from South African patients, using currently accepted HPV-testing methodologies and to define the clinical and histomorphologic features of HPV-associated lip SCC.

Methods
Fifty SCC of lip and 50 control cases were tested for HR-HPV using p16 and HR-HPV DNA PCR. p16-equivocal/positive and HPV DNA PCR-positive SCC were further evaluated for the expression of HPV-16 and HPV-18 mRNA transcripts using reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to confirm transcriptionally active HPV.

Results
p16 was positive in 22% (n = 11) and equivocal in 4% (n = 2) of the SCC. One p16-positive case showed positivity for both HPV-16 DNA and HPV-16 E6/E7 mRNA transcripts (HPV prevalence rate of 2%). The HPV-positive case was non-keratinizing and occurred in an 80-year-old female. The two p16-equivocal cases were HR-HPV DNA positive and mRNA PCR negative. p16 was found to have a positive predictive value of 9%.

Conclusion
Findings from our cohort of lip SCC suggest that HR-HPV may have an insignificant role in the pathogenesis of SCC at this site. Due to its low ppv, p16 is insufficient to establish HR-HPV infection in SCC of the lip. The combination of p16 and DNA PCR appears to correlate with the presence of transcriptionally active virus. HPV E6/E7 mRNA detection is the gold standard for identifying HR-HPV. mRNA testing is not widely available in sub-Saharan Africa due to technical and financial constraints; however, the test appears to be of great value in p16-equivocal lip SCC.
Continuum of maternal and new-natal health care: empirical evidence from 10 developing countries in South and South East Asia
Authors: Rahut Dil Bahadur , Singh Anjali , Sonobe Tetsushi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMaternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity, particularly in developing countries, are high even in the twenty-first century, which is a cause for concern. Therefore, this paper examines the Continuum of Mother and Neonatal Health Care (MNH), i.e., at least four ante-natal care visits (ANC 4 +), skilled birth attendance at delivery (SBA), post-natal care (PNC), and its determinants in 10 developing countries in Asia. It uses Demographic and Household Survey data (2014–2021) and finds that only 46% of women received all the MNH services, and 8% did not receive any services. In Afghanistan, only 2.8% of women availed complete care of MNH services, followed by Timor-Leste (26.1%), Bangladesh (31.5%), Pakistan (35.1%), and Nepal (38.8%). Empirical analysis shows that women with higher education, those living in urban areas, from wealthy families, and female-headed households have higher odds of availing all MNH. Media exposure, ease of access to MNH services, and the women who have attended the first ANC at less than four months of pregnancy have higher odds of availing all three MNH services. Therefore, the MNH policy should target women in rural areas who have a lower level of education and come from low-income families to improve the mother and neonatal health situation in South and Southeast Asia.
Highly dispersive optical solitons with generalized quadratic—cubic form of self—phase modulation by Sardar sub—equation scheme
Authors: Jawad Anwar Ja’afar Mohamad , Biswas Anjan , Yildirim Yakup , Alshomrani Ali Saleh 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe highly dispersive optical solitons with generalized quadratic–cubic nonlinear self–phase modulation are the subject of this research. The governing model was reduced to an ordinary differential equation using the Sardar sub-equation method, which was then examined in two different ways. To provide a strong framework for the answers, the parameter limits were also listed.
The Informativeness Norm of Assertion
Authors: Gaszczyk Grzegorz 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Although assertions are often characterised as essentially informative speech acts, there is a widespread disagreement concerning how the informativeness of assertions should be understood. This paper proposes the informativeness norm of assertion, which posits that assertions are speech acts that essentially deliver new information. As a result, if one asserts something that is already commonly known, one’s assertion is improper. The norm is motivated by appealing to unique conversational patterns associated with informative and uninformative uses of assertions, an analogy between assertions and inquiries, and a distinction between assertions and uninformative speech acts. By focusing on the normative approach to speech acts, the paper discusses how particular norms of assertion deal with the data supporting the norm of informativeness. To be informative, the speaker must consider the epistemic position of the audience. Since the majority of norms proposed in the literature are speaker-centred, they fail to explain the submitted data. Looking more broadly, focusing on the informativeness of assertions underscores the crucial role of the audience in construing adequate speech act accounts.
Feasibility Examination of the Field Multi-focal Metallography Method (FMM) for Characterisation of Metallic Marine Artefacts
Authors: Iddan N. , Ashkenazi D. , Cvikel D. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractField multi-focal metallography (FMM) is a development of field metallographic replication (FMR). It is an innovative minimally destructive technique that facilitates high-resolution metallographic observations of metallic object surfaces, regardless of their orientation to the optical axis of the microscope. Several artefacts retrieved during underwater excavations (a bronze powder chamber, a stud-link anchor chain, a winch, a heart-shaped shackle, a deadeye strap with a futtock plate, and an iron stud-link chain controller) were examined. The FMM results were compared with conventional metallography, where the sampling process inflicts substantial damage to the item. This FMM trial produced results of comparable quality to conventional metallography for both the bronze and the ferrous objects. It revealed the microstructure of the archaeological objects with minimal damage. The FMM method was shown to be a suitable tool for the study of ancient metal objects retrieved from shipwrecks.
Hybridization of woven kenaf and unidirectional glass fibre roving for unsaturated polyester composite
Authors: Balakrishnan Thinesh Sharma , Sultan Mohamed Thariq Hameed , Shahar Farah Syazwani , Nayak Suhas Yeshwant , Shah Ain Umaira Md , Sebaey Tamer Ali , Basri Adi Azriff 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis is a study on the mechanical properties of kenaf/glass-reinforced polyester composites intended for use in structural profiles with a wall thickness by max. 6 mm. Mechanical properties such as tensile, compression, bending and interlaminar shear stress were investigated by comparing the hybrid variants with the pure fibreglass variant. According to the study, woven kenaf/unidirectional glass roving (WK/UG) alternate recorded the highest tensile properties among hybrid samples. It demonstrated a decrement of about 8.2% of the tensile strength (404.54 MPa) and 10.7% of tensile modulus (24.54 GPa) compared to conventional fibreglass samples. Alternating WK/UG samples demonstrated higher compressive strength (417.15 MPa) compared to other hybrid specimens, recording a slight decrease at 6.09% compared to pure fibreglass composites. The highest bending properties were also observed in hybrid alternate WK/UG samples among other hybrid laminates with only a decrement of 4.13% in modulus of rupture (456.33 MPa) and 1.9% in modulus of elasticity (14.49 GPa) when compared to the control specimen. The ILSS of hybrid composites 2WK/3UG/2WK (30.97 MPa) and WK/UG alternate (34.90 MPa) showed good agreement with the pure fibreglass (42.33 MPa) composites. Using SEM images, tensile fractured specimens were examined to comprehend composites’ failure mechanism and interfacial adhesion. Overall, woven kenaf/unidirectional glass roving alternate sequence is chosen as a potential alternative in developing structural profiles for moderate load-bearing structural applications. In contrast, 3WK/UG/3WK with a higher kenaf to glass ratio demonstrate potential in low load-bearing structural profile applications.
Graphical abstract
In silico investigation of cannabinoids from Cannabis sativa leaves as a potential anticancer drug to inhibit MAPK-ERK signaling pathway and EMT induction
Authors: Iqbal Shabnoor , Matsabisa Motlalepula 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGenes related to MAPK-ERK signaling pathways, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition induction is evolutionarily conserved and has crucial roles in the regulation of important cellular processes, including cell proliferation. In this study, six cannabinoids from Cannabis sativa were docked with MAPK-ERK signaling pathways to identify their possible binding interactions. The results showed that all the cannabinoids have good binding affinities with the target proteins. The best binding affinities were MEK- tetrahydrocannabinol (– 8.8 kcal/mol) and P13k-cannabinol (– 8.5 kcal/mol). The root mean square deviation was calculated and used two alternative variants (rmsd/ub and rmsd/lb) and the values of rmsd/lb fluctuated 8.6–2.0 Å and for rmsd/ub from 1.0 to 2.0 Å that suggests the cannabinoids and protein complex are accurate and cannot destroy on binding. The study analyzed the pharmacokinetic and drug-likeness properties of six cannabinoids from C. sativa leaves using the SwissADME web tool. Lipinski's rule of five was used to predict drug-likeness and showed that all compounds have not violated it and the total polar surface area of cannabinoids was also according to Lipinski's rule that is benchmarked of anticancer drugs. Cannabinoids are meet the requirements of leadlikeness and synthetic accessibility values showed they can be synthesized. The molecular weight, XLOGP3, solubility (log S), and flexibility (FLEX) are according to the bioavailability radar. The bioavailability score and consensus Log Po/w fall within the acceptable range for the suitable drug. Pharmacokinetics parameters showed that cannabinoids cannot cross the blood–brain barrier, have high GI absorption as well as cannabinoids are substrates of (CYP1A2, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4) but no substrate of P-glycoprotein. Based on these findings, the study suggests that cannabinoids are suitable drugs that could be used as effective inhibitors for target proteins involved in cancer pathways. Among the six cannabinoids, cannabinol and tetrahydrocannabinol exerted maximum binding affinities with proteins of MAPK-ERK signaling pathways, and their pharmacokinetics and drug-likeness-related profiles suggest that these cannabinoids could be superlative inhibitors in cancer treatment. Further in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies are needed to explore their potential in cancer treatment.
Experimental Study on Erosion Process of Expressway Embankment Subjected to Tsunami After Earthquake
Authors: Hayashizaki Shota , Kawajiri Shunzo , Kurokawa Tadanobu , Ogasawara Akinobu , Kawaguchi Takayuki , Nakamura Dai , Minabe Yuki 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOn March 11, 2011, the Great East Japan Earthquake triggered tsunamis that reached extensive areas along Japan’s Pacific coast. There have been instances where embankments built on plains for expressways mitigated the impact of tsunami damage. In the vicinity of the Sendai-tobu highway, the presence of an embankment approximately 10 m high altered the course of the advancing tsunami, thereby preventing flooding. Establishing a multiplied defense system using road embankments necessitates understanding the deformation and collapse mechanisms of road embankments impacted by tsunamis following seismic motion. In this study, overtopping experiments were conducted by first applying seismic motion to model embankments, followed by introducing the first wave of breaking bores, and then simulating prolonged overtopping by the tsunami. The experimental findings indicated that within the embankments impacted by the tsunami, there was an immediate increase in what is presumed to be pore air pressure following the arrival of the breaking bores, followed by a rise in pore water pressure during subsequent overtopping. Moreover, embankments subjected to seismic motion exhibited accelerated erosion following the overtopping. These results imply that when embankments settle due to an earthquake, leading to relatively higher anticipated inundation depths and the potential for overtopping, it is crucial to implement measures to prevent the settlement of the crest for embankments expected to serve as part of a multiplied defense system.
How to Improve the Explanatory Power of an Intelligent Textbook: a Case Study in Legal Writing
Authors: Sovrano Francesco , Ashley Kevin , Brusilovsky Peter Leonid , Vitali Fabio 
Published: May 2024

AbstractExplanatory processes are at the core of scientific investigation, legal reasoning, and education. However, effectively explaining complex or large amounts of information, such as that contained in a textbook or library, in an intuitive, user-centered way is still an open challenge. Indeed, different people may search for and request different types of information, even though texts typically have a predefined exposition and content. With this paper, we investigate how explanatory AI can better exploit the full potential of the vast and rich content library at our disposal. Based on a recent theory of explanations from Ordinary Language Philosophy, which frames the explanation process as illocutionary question-answering, we have developed a new type of interactive and adaptive textbook. Using the latest question-answering technology, our e-book software (YAI4Edu, for short) generates on-demand, expandable explanations that can help readers effectively explore teaching materials in a pedagogically productive way. It does this by extracting a specialized knowledge graph from a collection of books or other resources that helps identify the most relevant questions to be answered for a satisfactory explanation. We tested our technology with excerpts from a textbook that teaches how to write legal memoranda in the U.S. legal system. Then, to see whether YAI4Edu-enhanced textbooks are better than random and existing, general-purpose explanatory tools, we conducted a within-subjects user study with more than 100 English-speaking students. The students rated YAI4Edu’s explanations the highest. According to the students, the explanatory content generated by YAI4Edu is, on average, statistically better than two baseline alternatives (P values below .005).
Quantitative ultrasound techniques and biochemical markers to assess liver steatosis and fibrosis in newly diagnosed acromegaly
Authors: Coskun M. , Sendur H. N. , Babayeva A. , Cerit M. N. , Cerit E. T. , Yalcin M. M. , Altinova A. E. , Akturk M. , Karakoc M. A. , Toruner F. B. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The liver is known to be protected from steatosis under the influence of high GH/IGF-1. Cytokeratin 18 (CK18) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) increase in liver steatosis and fibrosis. The aim of this study was to use quantitative ultrasound techniques and biochemical markers to assess liver steatosis and liver fibrosis in newly diagnosed acromegaly.

Methods
This single-center, cross-sectional study included 23 patients with newly diagnosed acromegaly and 46 age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC)-matched controls. Liver steatosis was assessed using tissue attenuation imaging (TAI), and stiffness, indicative of fibrosis, was assessed by shear wave elastography (SWE). Serum IGFBP7 and CK18 were studied by ELISA.

Results
The acromegaly group had significantly lower liver steatosis (p = 0.006) and higher liver stiffness (p = 0.004), serum IGFBP7 (p = 0.048) and CK18 (p = 0.005) levels than the control group. The presence of fibrosis (p = 0.012) was significantly higher in the acromegaly group than in the control group. Moreover, CK18 was positively correlated with liver stiffness, WC, HOMA-IR, HbA1c, and triglyceride. In the acromegaly group, liver steatosis was negatively correlated with GH level. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis revealed that BMI (p = 0.008) and CK18 (p = 0.015) were independent risk factors for increased liver stiffness.

Conclusion
This study showed that there was an increased presence of liver fibrosis independent of liver steatosis in newly diagnosed acromegaly. Serum CK18 appears to be a potential marker of increased liver fibrosis in acromegaly.
EU Enlargement Policy Goes East: Historical and Comparative Takes on the EU’s Rule of Law Conditionality vis-à-vis Ukraine
Authors: Rabinovych Maryna 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe article discusses a unique case of the EU’s application of rule of law conditionality vis-à-vis Ukraine, while the latter is in active war with Russia. It is demonstrated that the EU utilized momentum, created by the confluence of the invasion and Ukraine’s EU candidateship, to apply ambitious rule of law conditionality in its relations with Ukraine. Despite the unique strategic and political context, the conditionality is path-dependent, strongly relying on the achievements and outstanding tasks of the EU’s pre-war rule of law promotion in Ukraine. Also, both the design and substance of EU conditionality vis-à-vis Ukraine strongly resemble the one the EU applied vis-à-vis Western Balkans. This concerns specifically the contents of conditionality, focusing on building effective anticorruption institutions and judicial reform. Current geostrategic pressures have not yet led to major changes in the philosophy behind the enlargement process or the EU’s framing of the rule of law concept. Yet, changes to be underscored include the EU’s focus on specific benchmarks within pre-defined realms and strong alignment between political and financial instruments.
Research on abutment stress distribution of roof-cutting coalface: numerical simulation and field measurement
Authors: Guo Yangyang , Liu Xiaoli , Li Weitao , Du Feng , Ma Ji , Qian Ruipeng , Huo Ningning 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDuring the processing of deep mining, revealing the distribution of abutment pressure is significant for controlling stability of the entry. In this study, the abutment pressure distribution of roof-cutting coalface was investigated by FLAC3D and self-developed flexible detection unit (FDU). In the numerical simulation, the double-yield model was built to analyze the goaf abutment pressure under the fracturing roofs to maintain entry (FRME). Compared with the non-fracturing side, the peak value of the advanced abutment pressure on the fracturing side is reduced by 19.29% on average, the influence range (span) increases by 30.78% and the distance between the peak value and the working face increases by 66.7%. The goaf abutment pressure within 23m near the cutting side is significantly higher than other areas along the dip. The FDU was employed in the coalface to record the change of advanced abutment stress. And the field measured results are in well agreement with the numerical results.
Process Evaluation of a Problem-Solving Approach for Analyzing Literacy Practices within a Multi-Tiered System of Supports Framework
Authors: Murdoch Amy , Morrison Julie Q. , Strickler Wendy 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA Multi-Tiered System of Supports (MTSS) framework features a structured problem-solving process and the use of assessment data to develop, identify, and evaluate the impact of instruction and intervention to meet the needs of all students proactively. The purpose of this process evaluation was to examine the implementation of a novel problem-solving approach for analyzing literacy practices across the tiers of an MTSS framework (i.e., core instruction, strategic intervention). The aim of the initiative was to build the capacity of teachers to provide effective instruction based on the science of reading in two elementary schools. The findings from this process evaluation study provide evidence that a problem-solving approach for analyzing literacy practices resulted in improvements in the core curriculum, instruction, and intervention supports. Implications for improvement efforts at the school district and state department of education levels are discussed.
Advancing Implementation Practice: Supplemental Tools to Aid in Selection of Implementation Strategies and Outcomes for Healthcare Practitioners
Authors: McNett Molly M. , Tucker Sharon J. , Juckett Lisa A. , Bunger Alicia C. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe field of implementation science has grown exponentially within healthcare and human service delivery settings. Scientists in the field have made tremendous strides in generating new knowledge aimed at increasing uptake of evidence into practice settings, including development of numerous theories, models, and frameworks to guide the process of implementation, strategies to operationalize optimal methods of implementing an evidence-based practice change, and designated outcomes to evaluate the progress of a change initiative. Despite these gains in scientific discovery surrounding implementation, routine use and application of this knowledge among healthcare practitioners seeking to implement a practice change in real world settings remains fragmented, risking development of a “secondary gap” between what we know from the science of implementation and what is actually done by frontline teams when implementing evidence-based practice changes. To address this gap, we developed two supplemental tools to bridge the language between implementation science and implementation practice: the Implementation Strategies Supplemental Tool (ISST), and the Implementation Outcomes Supplemental Tool (IOST). The purpose of this paper is to describe the development and intended use of these tools for healthcare practitioners seeking to use a science-informed approach when implementing an evidence-based practice change. We include a case example of how healthcare practitioners may apply these tools to improve implementation of evidence-based practices in real-world settings.
AI hype, promotional culture, and affective capitalism
Authors: Bourne Clea 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article centres AI hype within promotional culture. It incorporates scholarship on hype, affect and emotion from media, communications and cultural studies, as well as from market studies, to pose the following questions: ‘What role does promotional culture play in AI hype cycles?’ ‘What are the main promotional forms of emotion evident in the 2020s AI hype cycle?’ And finally, ‘What are the ethical implications of promoting emotion in AI hype cycles?’ The article explores the growth of twenty-first century promotional culture, particularly in the global tech sector, before examining links between promotional culture, emotion, affect, media and capitalism. Drawing on interdisciplinary approaches, the article contends that AI hype has successfully persisted because now, more than ever, contemporary promotional culture strategically deploys emotions as part of affective capitalism, and the affective nature of a digital media infrastructure controlled by the tech sector. The ensuing analysis isolates different emotions circulated by AI hype, including doomsday hype, drawing on examples from the 2020s AI hype cycle. The article concludes by examining the ethics of promotional culture as part of the combined knowledge apparatus supporting value construction in AI.