bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of joint multilevel/AES‐LDPCC‐CPFSK schemes over wireless sensor networks
Authors: Cam Hakan , Ucan Osman N. , Odabasioglu Niyazi , Sonmez Ahmet Coskun 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn wireless sensor networks, data encryption and channel coding are considered together for ensuring secure and robust communication. In order to achieve this purpose, we introduce a new joint scheme, namely ‘Multilevel/Advanced Encryption Standard‐Low Density Parity Check Coded‐Continuous Phase Frequency Shift Keying (ML/AES‐LDPCC‐CPFSK)’. AES algorithm is the most powerful and widely used symmetric key cryptography in providing secure data transmission. LDPC codes have very large Euclidean distance and use iterative decoding algorithms. In this study, we have increased error performance employing multilevel structure to AES and LDPC. In all communications systems, phase discontinuities of modulated signals result in extra bandwidth requirements. CPFSK, which is a special type of continuous phase modulation, is a powerful solution for this problem. In this paper, we simulate error performance of ML/AES‐LDPCC‐CPFSK for regular LDPC codes. Simulation results are drawn for 4CPFSK, 8CPFSK and 16CPFSK over wireless cooperative sensor networks. Using this scheme, we are able to improve bit error performance, channel throughput, security level of communication and reduction in complexity compared with related schemes such as various turbo code structures. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Controllable Synthesis and Luminescence Properties of La(OH)3 and La(OH)3:Tb3+ Nanocrystals with Multiform Morphologies
Authors: Jia Guang , Huang Yeju , Song Yanhua , Yang Mei , Zhang Lihui , You Hongpeng 
Published: July 2009

AbstractOne‐dimensional La(OH)3 nanocrystals with multiform morphologies have been successfully synthesized by a facile hydrothermal process without using any surfactant, catalyst, or template. It can be found that the pH values of the initial solutions and the alkaline sources play a crucial role in controlling the morphologies of the products. The possible formation process of the 1D samples was investigated in detail. Furthermore, the as‐prepared Tb3+‐doped La(OH)3 samples show a strong green emission corresponding to 5D4–7F5 transition of the Tb3+ ions under ultraviolet or low‐voltage excitation. The experimental results indicate that the luminescence properties of the as‐obtained phosphors are dependent on their morphologies and sizes. As a result of the unique luminescence properties and controllable morphology and size, these phosphors may find potential applications in fields such as optoelectronic and nanoscale devices or biological technology.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Effect of Basic Amino Acids on Nickel Ion Reduction at a Mercury Electrode
Authors: Bănică Florinel‐Gabriel , Guziejewski Dariusz , Skrzypek Slawomira , Ciesielski Witold , Kaźmierczak Dorota 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn a 0.02 M borax solution (pH 8.5), basic amino acids (arginine, lysine, and ornithine) react with Ni2+ to form a mono‐ligand complex that is reduced at a mercury electrode at about −0.85 V vs. Ag|AgCl|KCl (3 M). At a long time scale (staircase voltammetry; scan rate<50 mV s−1), the complex reduction is a catalytic (EC′) process, the rate‐determining step being the regeneration of the reducible species by the reaction of the amino acid with free Ni2+. At a short time scale (differential pulse voltammetry or higher scan rate staircase voltammetry), the reaction rate is controlled by the diffusion of the complex. Although the same kind of complexation occurs with either basic amino acids or glycine, the last one does not induce a similar process. The peculiar effect of basic amino acids is due to the side chain that causes the ligand molecule to adopt a favorable orientation at the electrode surface. The differential pulse voltammetry peak current is proportional to the total amino acid concentration over the concentration range from 2 to 100 μM. Hence a voltammetric method for arginine determination in nutritional supplements was developed and validated using HPLC as reference method.
A Novel Voltammetric Method for the Determination of Maleic Acid Using Silver Amalgam Paste Electrode
Authors: Niaz Abdul , Fischer Jan , Barek Jiří , Yosypchuk Bogdan , Sirajuddin  , Bhanger Muhammad Iqbal 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAn efficient voltammetric method was developed for the determination of maleic acid at a silver amalgam paste electrode (AgA‐PE) in Britton–Robinson buffer pH 2.0. The experimental parameters, such as pH of Britton–Robinson buffer, type of the supporting electrolyte and activation of the electrode surface were optimized. Under the optimal conditions, a linear response was observed over the 2×10−6–1×10−4 mol L−1 maleic acid concentration range, determination limit being 5×10−7 mol L−1. A highly stable response, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 1.6% for 45 repetitive measurements of 1×10−4 mol L−1 maleic acid showed that there was no apparent surface passivation indicating the suitability of the method. The method was successfully applied for direct determination of maleic acid in drinking and river water.
Coal as a New Carbon Paste Electrode Modifier with Sorption Properties
Authors: Navrátilová Zuzana 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA new type of carbon paste electrode modified with subbituminous and bituminous coal is presented. The operability of the coal carbon paste electrode with respect to the working potential window attainable was tested in various electrolytes. Cyclic voltammetry of the reference redox system [Fe(CN)6]3−/4− was performed to evaluate electron transfer kinetics. Open‐circuit sorption of Cd(II), Pb(II), and Cu(II) with subsequent anodic stripping voltammetry was used to pilot coal sorption ability. The coal modified carbon paste electrode was also examined as a support for mercury film deposition and anodic stripping voltammetry of metals.
Peculiarities of Electrochemical Bismuth Film Formation in the Presence of Bromide and Heavy Metal Ions
Authors: Grincienė Giedrė , Selskienė Aušra , Verbickas Rolandas , Norkus Eugenijus , Pauliukaite Rasa 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBi films were deposited on glassy carbon electrode from solutions with and without KBr. The morphology of both types of the films was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and their electrochemical behavior was studied by square wave (SWV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Bi films were also co‐deposited with common analyte‐heavy‐metals in the presence of KBr and these films also were characterized by SEM, SWV and CV in order to understand the formation of the mixed metal films. All films studied had a different morphology. Bromide addition made the Bi films more compact and uniform, whereas Pb catalyzed Bi film deposition.
Enhancing patient safety through teamwork training
Authors: Barrett Judith , Gifford Carolyn , Morey John , Risser Daniel , Salisbury Mary 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe effective reduction of medical errors depends on an environment of safety for patients in both clinically‐based and systems‐oriented arenas. Formal teamwork training is proposed as a systems approach that will achieve these ends. In a study conducted by (Dynamics Research Corporation,) weaknesses and error patterns in Emergency Department teamwork were assessed, and a prospective evaluation of a formal teamwork training intervention was conducted. Improvements were obtained in five key teamwork measures, and most importantly, clinical errors were significantly reduced.
Critical issues for homeland security and health care sector readiness
Authors: Blair James D. , Edwards Judith T. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe “war on terrorism” and the nation's response to associated terrorist threats has created a significant challenge for health care risk management professionals. The Department of Homeland Security and initiation of the National Response Plan have set in motion a series of national requirements and obligations designed to protect and prepare the country to meet terrorist threats. These requirements and obligations have an impact on the health care industry with its ownership of critical infrastructure/key resources requiring protection from all‐hazards events. Health care risk management professionals should be aware that the consequences of not meeting expectations during a future attack are significant.
‘Make a new plan, stan’
Authors: Borg Douglas J. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractI don't read the paper any more. I avoid news programs on TV. My 401K statements? They are sitting in a pile on top of the filing cabinet, unopened. There seems to be no end to disheartening stories of economic problems, both business and personal. It's depressing. Denial is a powerful mood‐altering tool, and I've seen it used quite effectively, but that only helps to a degree.
Communication plays key role in OB patient expectations
Authors: Shostek Kathleen , Clark Christine 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObstetrics is a medical specialty with high profe sional liability exposure. Every aspect of an adverse OB outcome has become an opportunity for a legal review. Common root causes in adverse outcomes include communication failure, poor teamwork, and system failures. Indeed, poor communication is a significant factor in OB‐related malpractice claims. This excerpt from the booklet Risk Management Pearls for Obstetrics highlights those causes (particularly poor communications) and provides strategies to address them.
Negative pressure fixation device to reduce motion artifacts on contrast‐enhanced MRI of the breast: A clinical feasibility study
Authors: Balakrishnan Asha , Kacher Daniel F. , Gombos Eva , Smith Darrell N. , Carretero Macarena , Leon Bill , Freyre Carlos V. , Chavoustie Steven E. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the effect of a negative pressure fixation device on misregistration artifacts in contrast‐enhanced (CE) MR subtraction images.Materials and MethodsNine patients, two of which had been previously diagnosed with breast cancer, were examined with T2‐weighted (T2‐w) turbo spin‐echo (TSE) and three‐dimensional (3D) spoiled gradient‐recalled echo (SPGR) CE dynamic MRI. Baselines images were subtracted from the dynamic images. A device consisting of two stiff plastic domes was placed on the breasts of each patient. Negative pressure of 27 to 37 mmHg within the domes was maintained. The patient was positioned prone in the coil without the device and imaged as a baseline. Subsequently, the patient was placed into the negative pressure domes and reimaged. One of the nine patients was also imaged supine to establish feasibility for this positioning.ResultsWith the use of the negative pressure fixation device, a reduction in misregistration artifact has been demonstrated in prone imaging. Patients reported improved comfort with the device and feasibility has been shown for supine imaging.ConclusionThe device was shown to be MRI‐compatible and successfully applied in this pilot study, opening other avenues of exploration. Supine positioning for breast imaging makes possible better access for biopsy and intervention. Further modifications to the device are in order for this purpose and to eliminate motion due to breathing in the prone position. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;30:430–436. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prostate cancer detection with multi‐parametric MRI: Logistic regression analysis of quantitative T2, diffusion‐weighted imaging, and dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI
Authors: Langer Deanna L. , van der Kwast Theodorus H. , Evans Andrew J. , Trachtenberg John , Wilson Brian C. , Haider Masoom A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractPurposeTo develop a multi‐parametric model suitable for prospectively identifying prostate cancer in peripheral zone (PZ) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Materials and MethodsTwenty‐five radical prostatectomy patients (median age, 63 years; range, 44–72 years) had T2‐weighted, diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI), T2‐mapping, and dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) MRI at 1.5 Tesla (T) with endorectal coil to yield parameters apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), T2, volume transfer constant (Ktrans) and extravascular extracellular volume fraction (ve). Whole‐mount histology was generated from surgical specimens and PZ tumors delineated. Thirty‐eight tumor outlines, one per tumor, and pathologically normal PZ regions were transferred to MR images. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated using all identified normal and tumor voxels. Step‐wise logistic‐regression modeling was performed, testing changes in deviance for significance. Areas under the ROC curves (Az) were used to evaluate and compare performance.ResultsThe best‐performing single‐parameter was ADC (mean Az [95% confidence interval]: Az,ADC: 0.689 [0.675, 0.702]; Az,T2: 0.673 [0.659, 0.687]; Az,Ktrans: 0.592 [0.578, 0.606]; Az,ve: 0.543 [0.528, 0.557]). The optimal multi‐parametric model, LR‐3p, consisted of combining ADC, T2 and Ktrans. Mean Az,LR‐3p was 0.706 [0.692, 0.719], which was significantly higher than Az,T2, Az,Ktrans, and Az,ve (P < 0.002). Az,LR‐3p tended to be greater than Az,ADC, however, this result was not statistically significant (P = 0.090).ConclusionUsing logistic regression, an objective model capable of mapping PZ tumor with reasonable performance can be constructed. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;30:327–334. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Monitoring of acute axonal injury in the swine spinal cord with EAE by diffusion tensor imaging
Authors: Feng Song , Hong Yin , Zhou Zhang , JinSong Zhang , XiaoFeng Dai , ZaiZhong Wang , YaLi Ge , Ying Liu , YingJuan Chang , Yi Huan 
Published: July 2009

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the ability of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to detect and monitor acute axonal injury in swine spinal cord with acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE).Materials and MethodsMagnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spinal cord was performed in vivo at different time points through the onset and progression of EAE using a 3 Tesla clinical scanner. The DTI parameters were calculated in four separate regions of interest at the C2/C3 level. The quantitative DTI‐pathology and DTI‐clinical correlations were verified.ResultsIn the monophasic acute course of EAE onset and progression, axial diffusivity (AD) decrease correlates with acute axonal injury (r = −0.84; P < 0.001). By contrast, radial diffusivity does not change and no demyelination in histopathology was detected. Moreover, a clear correlation between clinical disease and axial diffusivity was found in two swine EAE models (r = −0.86; P < 0.001 and r = −0.92; P < 0.001).ConclusionAD corresponds with axonal injury in the absence of demyelination and may be a useful noninvasive tool to investigate the underlying pathogenic processes of multiple sclerosis and to monitor the effects of experimental treatments for axonal injury. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;30:277–285. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluating the role of zinc in the occurrence of fibrosis of the skin: A preclinical study
Authors: Pietsch Hubertus , Pering Christiane , Lengsfeld Philipp , Walter Jakob , Steger‐Hartmann Thomas , Golfier Sven , Frenzel Thomas , Hütter Joachim , Weinmann Hans‐Joachim , Sieber Martin A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the possible role of Zn as a trigger for NSF we were using a previously established preclinical model. The depletion of endogenous Zinc ions (Zn) caused by the administration of gadolinium‐based contrast agents (GBCAs) has been suggested as a possible pathomechanism for nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF).Materials and MethodsIn the Zn supplementation study, rats were injected with Gadodiamide, Omniscan, and Magnevist with or without Zn supplementation. In the Zn depletion study, animals were kept on a Zn‐deficient diet or a special control diet and received injections of Omniscan, OptiMARK, Magnevist, Gadovist, and Gd‐EDTA. Gd, Zn, and Cu concentrations in tissue were measured and histology of the skin was performed.ResultsAs seen in earlier studies, a difference in Gd concentration in the skin was observed following treatment with the different GBCAs. High Gd concentration in the skin correlated with the occurrence of NSF‐like skin lesions. We observed no differences in the occurrence of skin lesions between the Zn supplementation and the Zn‐deficient groups compared to their respective control groups.ConclusionWe found no significant effect of Zn on the initiation of NSF‐like skin lesions. The results further support data from previous studies highlighting the importance of complex stability of the investigated GBCAs. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;30:374–383. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Susceptibility effects in hyperpolarized 3He lung MRI at 1.5T and 3T
Authors: Deppe Martin H. , Parra‐Robles Juan , Ajraoui Salma , Parnell Steven R. , Clemence Matthew , Schulte Rolf F. , Wild Jim M. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractPurposeTo compare susceptibility effects in hyperpolarized 3He lung MRI at the clinically relevant field strengths of 1.5T and 3T.Materials and MethodsSusceptibility‐related B0 inhomogeneity was evaluated on a macroscopic scale by B0 field mapping via phase difference. Subpixel susceptibility effects were quantified by mapping T. Comparison was made between ventilation images obtained from the same volunteers at both field strengths.ResultsThe B0 maps at 3T show enhanced off‐resonance effects close to the diaphragm and the ribs due to susceptibility differences. The average T from a voxel (20 × 4 × 4) mm3 was determined as T = 27.8 msec ± 1.2 msec at 1.5T compared to T = 14.4 msec ± 2.6 msec at 3T. In ventilation images the most prominent effect is increased signal attenuation close to the intrapulmonary blood vessels at higher B0.ConclusionImage homogeneity and T are lower at 3T due to increased B0 inhomogeneity as a consequence of susceptibility differences. These findings indicate that 3He imaging at 3T has no obvious benefit over imaging at 1.5T, as signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) was comparable for both fields in this work. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;30:418–423. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Imaging the vessel wall in major peripheral arteries using susceptibility‐weighted imaging
Authors: Yang Qi , Liu Jiantao , Barnes Samuel R.S. , Wu Zhen , Li Kuncheng , Neelavalli Jaladhar , Hu Jiani , Haacke E. Mark 
Published: July 2009

AbstractPurposeTo demonstrate a novel contrast mechanism for imaging the vessel wall and vessel wall calcification using susceptibility‐weighted imaging (SWI).Materials and MethodsEighteen subjects were imaged with multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and high‐resolution SWI at 3T. The SWI imaging parameters were optimized to allow for the best visualization of the femoral artery lumen and the arterial wall in magnitude and phase images, respectively. SWI‐filtered phase data were used to evaluate the diamagnetic susceptibility of vessel wall and of putative vessel wall calcification. Imaging was performed using TE = 15.6 msec (in‐phase for fat); TR = 25 msec, flip angle (FA) = 10°, bandwidth (BW) = 80 Hz/pixel, resolution = 0.5 × 0.5 mm in‐plane and 1.0 mm through‐plane, an acquisition matrix of 512 × 384 × 64 (for read, phase, and slice‐select directions), and a total scan time of 8 minutes.ResultsNineteen calcifications were identified in CT and SWI and they correlated well in both size and position. The contrast‐to‐noise ratio between the blood signal in the lumen of the artery and arterial wall was 11.7:1 and 7.4:1 in magnitude and in phase images, respectively.ConclusionSWI provides a novel means to visualize vessel wall and recognize the presence of calcification. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;30:357–365. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impact of audio/visual systems on pediatric sedation in magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Lemaire Colette , Moran Gerald R. , Swan Hans 
Published: July 2009

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the use of an audio/visual (A/V) system in pediatric patients as an alternative to sedation in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in terms of wait times, image quality, and patient experience.Materials and MethodsPediatric MRI examinations from April 8 to August 11, 2008 were compared to those 1 year prior to the installation of the A/V system. Data collected included age, requisition receive date, scan date, and whether sedation was used. A posttest questionnaire was used to evaluate patient experience. Image quality was assessed by two radiologists.ResultsOver the 4 months in 2008 there was an increase of 7.2% (115; P < 0.05) of pediatric patients scanned and a decrease of 15.4%, (67; P = 0.32) requiring sedation. The average sedation wait time decreased by 33% (5.8 months) (P < 0.05). Overall, the most positively affected group was the 4–10 years. The questionnaire resulted in 84% of participants expressing a positive reaction to the A/V system. Radiological evaluation revealed no changes in image quality between A/V users and sedates.ConclusionThe A/V system was a successful method to reduce patient motion and obtain a quality diagnostic MRI without the use of sedation in pediatric patients. It provided a safer option, a positive experience, and decreased wait times. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessment of mediastinal tumors with diffusion‐weighted single‐shot echo‐planar MRI
Authors: Razek Ahmed Abdel , Elmorsy Ahmed , Elshafey Mohsen , Elhadedy Tamer , Hamza Osama 
Published: July 2009

AbstractPurposeTo assess the role of diffusion‐weighted single‐shot echo‐planar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with mediastinal tumors.MethodsProspective study was conducted on 45 consecutive patients (29 male, 16 female, age 22–66 years, mean 41 years) with mediastinal tumor. They underwent diffusion‐weighted single‐shot echo‐planar MRI of the mediastinum with a b‐factor of 0, 300, and 600 sec/mm2. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value of the mediastinal tumor was correlated with the histopathological findings.ResultsThe mean ADC value of malignant mediastinal tumors was 1.09 ± 0.25 × 10−3 mm2/sec, and of benign tumors was 2.38 ± 0.56 × 10−3 mm2/sec. There was a significant difference in the mean ADC value between malignant and benign tumors (P = 0.001) and within different grades of malignancy (0.001). When an ADC value of 1.56 × 10−3 mm2/sec was used as a threshold value for differentiating malignant from benign tumor, the best results were obtained with an accuracy of 95%, sensitivity of 96%, specificity of 94%, positive predictive value of 94%, negative predictive value of 96%, and area under the curve of 0.938.ConclusionThe ADC value is a noninvasive parameter that can be used for differentiation of malignant from benign mediastinal tumors and grading of mediastinal malignancy. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.