bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epifauna diversity and ecology on intertidal flats in the tropical Niger Delta, with remarks on the gastropod speciesHaminoea orbignyana
Authors: Zabbey Nenibarini , Malaquias Manuel António E. 
Published: October 2011

Here we report novel data on the ecology and diversity of West African estuarine biological communities, with emphasis on the opisthobranch gastropod,Haminoea orbignyana. Macrofaunal samples were obtained from five intertidal flats within Bodo Creek in the lower Niger Delta during two years (May 2006–April 2008) to investigate diversity and community assemblages of epimacrofauna. A total of 601 individuals belonging to 18 species were recorded, with density varying between 4 ind.m−2and 660 ind.m−2. Gastropods (predominantlyPachymelania auritaandH. orbignyana) accounted for 92.3% of the community abundance, followed by malacostraca crustaceans (7.7%). Diversity varied (P < 0.05) between locations, with the mangrove swamp station having higher richness, diversity and evenness values than the open intertidal flat locations. The speciesH. orbignyanawas only found on downstream sampling sites reaching a maximum density of 52 ind.m−2. The species seems to recruit during November/December and likely attains a maximum life span of about 18 months.
Invariants of the dihedral group D2p in characteristic two
Authors: KOHLS MARTIN , SEZER MÜFİT 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe consider finite dimensional representations of the dihedral group D2p over an algebraically closed field of characteristic two where p is an odd prime and study the degrees of generating and separating polynomials in the corresponding ring of invariants. We give an upper bound for the degrees of the polynomials in a minimal generating set that does not depend on p when the dimension of the representation is sufficiently large. We also show that p + 1 is the minimal number such that the invariants up to that degree always form a separating set. We also give an explicit description of a separating set.
A geometric definition of the Mañé-Mather set and a Theorem of Marie-Claude Arnaud.
Authors: BERNARD PATRICK , DOS SANTOS JOANA OLIVEIRA 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe study some properties of Lipschitz exact Lagrangian manifolds isotopic to the zero section. We prove that if such a manifold is invariant under an optical Hamiltonian, then it must be a Lipschitz graph. This extends a recent result of Marie–Claude Arnaud. We also obtain a new geometric description of the Mañé–Mather invariant set.
Characterization of staphylococci contaminating automated teller machines in Hong Kong
Authors: ZHANG M. , O'DONONGHUE M. , BOOST M. V. 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYEnvironmental staphylococcal contamination was investigated by culture of 400 automated teller machines (ATMs). Isolates were characterized for antibiotic and antiseptic susceptibility, carriage of antiseptic resistance genes (QAC genes), and spa types. MRSA, which was similar to local clinical isolates, was present on two (0·5%) of the 62 (15·5%) ATMs that yielded Staphylococcus aureus. QAC genes were more common in coagulase-negative staphylococci (qacA/B 26·0%, smr 14%) than S. aureus (11·3% qacA/B, 1·6% smr). QAC-positive isolates had significantly higher minimum inhibitory concentrations/minimum bactericidal concentrations to benzalkonium chloride and chlorhexidine digluconate. QAC gene presence was significantly associated with methicillin and tetracycline resistance. Survival of staphylococci, including MRSA, on common access sites may be facilitated by low disinfectant concentrations, which select for disinfectant-tolerant strains, while co-selecting for antibiotic-resistance determinants. Disinfection procedures should be performed correctly to help prevent spread of resistant pathogens from reservoirs in the community.
First report of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusCordobes/Chilean clone involved in nosocomial infections in Brazil
Authors: BECKER A. P. , SANTOS O. , CASTRUCCI F. M. , DIAS C. , D'AZEVEDO P. ALVES 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYMethicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) commonly causes infection in hospitalized patients. Resistance is due to the acquisition ofmecA gene located on the chromosomal element SCCmecand to date 12 types have been identified. Specific epidemic clones of MRSA have emerged with enhanced ability to spread within and among hospitals and to cross national boundaries. We studied 30 isolates from patients with MRSA infections at two hospitals in Porto Alegre city from April to December, 2008 and determined their SCCmectype by PCR. Representative strains were typed by PFGE. Eighteen (60%) isolates carried SCCmectype III and had PFGE profiles clonally related to the previously characterized Brazilian epidemic clone, and 11 (36·7%) isolates with pulsotypes closely related to the Cordobes/Chilean clone harboured SCCmectype I. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the appearance of Cordobes/Chilean clone involved in nosocomial infection in Brazil.
Contribution of Interfacility Patient Movement to Overall Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Prevalence Levels
Authors: Barnes Sean L. , Harris Anthony D. , Golden Bruce L. , Wasil Edward A. , Furuno Jon P. 
Published: October 2011

Objectives.The effect of patient movement between hospitals and long-term care facilities (LTCFs) on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) prevalence levels is unknown. We investigated these effects to identify scenarios that may lead to increased prevalence in either facility type.Methods.We used a hybrid simulation model to simulate MRSA transmission among hospitals and LTCFs. Transmission within each facility was determined by mathematical model equations. The model predicted the long-term prevalence of each facility and was used to assess the effects of facility size, patient turnover, and decolonization.Results.Analyses of various healthcare networks suggest that the effect of patients moving from a LTCF to a hospital is negligible unless the patients are consistently admitted to the same unit. In such cases, MRSA prevalence can increase significantly regardless of the endemic level. Hospitals can cause sustained increases in prevalence when transferring patients to LTCFs, where the population size is smaller and patient turnover is less frequent. For 1 particular scenario, the steady-state prevalence of a LTCF increased from 6.9% to 9.4% to 13.8% when the transmission rate of the hospital increased from a low to a high transmission rate.Conclusions.These results suggest that the relative facility size and the patient discharge rate are 2 key factors that can lead to sustained increases in MRSA prevalence. Consequendy, small facilities or those with low turnover rates are especially susceptible to sustaining increased prevalence levels, and they become more so when receiving patients from larger, high-prevalence facilities. Decolonization is an infection-control strategy that can mitigate these effects.
Moving CLABSI Prevention beyond the Intensive Care Unit: Risk Factors in Pediatric Oncology Patients
Authors: Kelly Matthew , Conway Margaret , Wirth Kathleen , Potter-Bynoe Gail , Billett Amy L. , Sandora Thomas J. 
Published: October 2011

Background and Objective.Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) frequently complicate the use of central venous catheters (CVCs) among pediatric patients with cancer. Our objectives were to describe the microbiology and identify risk factors for hospital-onset CLABSI in this patient population.Design.Retrospective case-control study.Setting.Oncology and stem cell transplant units of a freestanding, 396-bed quaternary care pediatric hospital.Participants.Case subjects (N= 54) were patients with a diagnosis of malignancy and/or stem cell transplant recipients with CLABSI occurring during admission. Controls (N= 108) were identified using risk set sampling of hospitalizations among patients with a CVC, matched on date of admission.Methods.Multivariate conditional logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of CLABSI.Results.The majority of CLABSI isolates were gram-positive bacteria (58%). The most frequently isolated organism wasEnterococcus faecium, and 6 of 9 isolates were resistant to vancomycin. In multivariate analyses, independent risk factors for CLABSI included platelet transfusion within the prior week (odds ratio [OR], 10.90 [95% confidence interval (CI), 3.02-39.38];P<.001) and CVC placement within the previous month (<1 week vs ≥1 month: OR, 11.71 [95% CI, 1.98-69.20];P= .02; ≥1 week and <1 month vs ≥1 month: OR, 7.37 [95% CI, 1.85-29.36];P= .004).Conclusions.Adjunctive measures to prevent CLABSI among pediatric oncology patients may be most beneficial in the month following CVC insertion and in patients requiring frequent platelet transfusions. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci may be an emerging cause of CLABSI in hospitalized pediatric oncology patients and are unlikely to be treated by typical empiric antimicrobial regimens.
Job the Silent
Authors: Zuckerman Bruce 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
This book offers an original reading of the book of Job, one of the great classics of biblical literature, and in the process develops a new formula for understanding how biblical texts evolve in the process of transmission. The book presents the thesis that the book of Job was intended as a parody the stereotypical righteous sufferer. In this extended analogy, the book compares the book of Job and its fate to that of a famous Yiddish short story, “Bontshe Shvayg,” another covert parody whose protagonist has come to be revered as a paradigm of innocent Jewish suffering. The history of this story is used to show how a literary text becomes separated from the intention of its author, and comes to have a quite different meaning for a specific community of readers.
Introduction
Authors: Scott Clive 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The Vers Libre aims to provide a history of free verse in France by providing accounts of events that marked the emergence of free verse. The book also aims to describe the theoretical and formal contexts that made the emergence of free verse inevitable. In addition, the book also provides methods for disengaging the rhythmic structure of free verse text and for analysing its significance. The main focus of this book is the prosody of free verse. In this book, the introduction of free verse by Alain Fourier, the origin and theoretical foundations of free verse, the methods of scansion and its application to poems of Rimbaud, Laforgue, Claudel, and Apollinaire are carefully discussed and studied.
Truth, Fiction, and Literature
Authors: Lamarque Peter , Olsen Stein Haugom 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis book examines the complex and varied ways in which fictions relate to the real world, and offers a precise account of how imaginative works of literature can use fictional content to explore matters of universal human interest. While rejecting the traditional view that literature is important for the truths that it imparts, the authors also reject attempts to cut off literature altogether from real human concerns. Their detailed account of fictionality, mimesis, and cognitive value helps restore to literature its distinctive status among cultural practices. The authors also explore the limits of fictionality, particularly in relation to metaphysical and sceptical views, prevalent in modern thought, according to which the world itself is a kind of fiction, and truth no more than a cultural construct. They identify different conceptions of fiction in science, logic, epistemology, and make-believe, and thereby challenge the idea that discourse per se is fictional and that different modes of discourse are, at root, indistinguishable. They offer analyses of the roles of narrative, imagination, metaphor, and ‘making’ in human thought processes. Both in their methods and in their conclusions, the authors aim to bring rigour and clarity to debates about the values of literature, and to provide philosophically sound foundations for a genuine change of direction in literary theorizing.
New Insights into the Control of Endoreduplication: Endoreduplication Could Be Driven by Organ Growth in Arabidopsis Leaves
Authors: Massonnet Catherine , Tisné Sébastien , Radziejwoski Amandine , Vile Denis , De Veylder Lieven , Dauzat Myriam , Granier Christine 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Enormous progress has been achieved understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating endoreduplication. By contrast, how this process is coordinated with the cell cycle or cell expansion and contributes to overall growth in multicellular systems remains unclear. A holistic approach was used here to give insight into the functional links between endoreduplication, cell division, cell expansion, and whole growth in the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaf. Correlative analyses, quantitative genetics, and structural equation modeling were applied to a large data set issued from the multiscale phenotyping of 200 genotypes, including both genetically modified lines and recombinant inbred lines. All results support the conclusion that endoreduplication in leaf cells could be controlled by leaf growth itself. More generally, leaf growth could act as a “hub” that drives cell division, cell expansion, and endoreduplication in parallel. In many cases, this strategy allows compensations that stabilize leaf area even when one of the underlying cellular processes is limiting.
A Functional Component of the Transcriptionally Active Chromosome Complex, Arabidopsis pTAC14, Interacts with pTAC12/HEMERA and Regulates Plastid Gene Expression
Authors: Gao Zhi-Ping , Yu Qing-Bo , Zhao Tuan-Tuan , Ma Qian , Chen Guo-Xiang , Yang Zhong-Nan 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The SET domain-containing protein, pTAC14, was previously identified as a component of the transcriptionally active chromosome (TAC) complexes. Here, we investigated the function of pTAC14 in the regulation of plastid-encoded bacterial-type RNA polymerase (PEP) activity and chloroplast development. The knockout of pTAC14 led to the blockage of thylakoid formation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), and ptac14 was seedling lethal. Sequence and transcriptional analysis showed that pTAC14 encodes a specific protein in plants that is located in the chloroplast associated with the thylakoid and that its expression depends on light. In addition, the transcript levels of all investigated PEP-dependent genes were clearly reduced in the ptac14-1 mutants, while the accumulation of nucleus-encoded phage-type RNA polymerase-dependent transcripts was increased, indicating an important role of pTAC14 in maintaining PEP activity. pTAC14 was found to interact with pTAC12/HEMERA, another component of TACs that is involved in phytochrome signaling. The data suggest that pTAC14 is essential for proper chloroplast development, most likely by affecting PEP activity and regulating PEP-dependent plastid gene transcription in Arabidopsis together with pTAC12.
Arabidopsis Actin Depolymerizing Factor4 Modulates the Stochastic Dynamic Behavior of Actin Filaments in the Cortical Array of Epidermal Cells
Authors: Henty Jessica L. , Bledsoe Samuel W. , Khurana Parul , Meagher Richard B. , Day Brad , Blanchoin Laurent , Staiger Christopher J. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Actin filament arrays are constantly remodeled as the needs of cells change as well as during responses to biotic and abiotic stimuli. Previous studies demonstrate that many single actin filaments in the cortical array of living Arabidopsis thaliana epidermal cells undergo stochastic dynamics, a combination of rapid growth balanced by disassembly from prolific severing activity. Filament turnover and dynamics are well understood from in vitro biochemical analyses and simple reconstituted systems. However, the identification in living cells of the molecular players involved in controlling actin dynamics awaits the use of model systems, especially ones where the power of genetics can be combined with imaging of individual actin filaments at high spatial and temporal resolution. Here, we test the hypothesis that actin depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin contributes to stochastic filament severing and facilitates actin turnover. A knockout mutant for Arabidopsis ADF4 has longer hypocotyls and epidermal cells when compared with wild-type seedlings. This correlates with a change in actin filament architecture; cytoskeletal arrays in adf4 cells are significantly more bundled and less dense than in wild-type cells. Several parameters of single actin filament turnover are also altered. Notably, adf4 mutant cells have a 2.5-fold reduced severing frequency as well as significantly increased actin filament lengths and lifetimes. Thus, we provide evidence that ADF4 contributes to the stochastic dynamic turnover of actin filaments in plant cells.
Single-Molecule Analysis of PIP2;1 Dynamics and Partitioning Reveals Multiple Modes of Arabidopsis Plasma Membrane Aquaporin Regulation
Authors: Li Xiaojuan , Wang Xiaohua , Yang Yong , Li Ruili , He Qihua , Fang Xiaohong , Luu Doan-Trung , Maurel Christophe , Lin Jinxing 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
PIP2;1 is an integral membrane protein that facilitates water transport across plasma membranes. To address the dynamics of Arabidopsis thaliana PIP2;1 at the single-molecule level as well as their role in PIP2;1 regulation, we tracked green fluorescent protein–PIP2;1 molecules by variable-angle evanescent wave microscopy and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS). Single-particle tracking analysis revealed that PIP2;1 presented four diffusion modes with large dispersion of diffusion coefficients, suggesting that partitioning and dynamics of PIP2;1 are heterogeneous and, more importantly, that PIP2;1 can move into or out of membrane microdomains. In response to salt stress, the diffusion coefficients and percentage of restricted diffusion increased, implying that PIP2;1 internalization was enhanced. This was further supported by the decrease in PIP2;1 density on plasma membranes by FCS. We additionally demonstrated that PIP2;1 internalization involves a combination of two pathways: a tyrphostin A23-sensitive clathrin-dependent pathway and a methyl-β-cyclodextrin–sensitive, membrane raft–associated pathway. The latter was efficiently stimulated under NaCl conditions. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that PIP2;1 molecules are heterogeneously distributed on the plasma membrane and that clathrin and membrane raft pathways cooperate to mediate the subcellular trafficking of PIP2;1, suggesting that the dynamic partitioning and recycling pathways might be involved in the multiple modes of regulating water permeability.
Recombinant activated protein C usage in Scotland: a comparison with published guidelines and a survey of attitudes*
Authors: Puxty A. , McConnell P. , Crawley S. , McAree S. , Quasim T. , Ramsay S. 
Published: October 2011

SummarySevere sepsis is a common cause of admission to the intensive care unit and is associated with a high hospital mortality. This audit explored the current use of, and attitudes towards, recombinant activated protein C therapy across Scotland, and compared these with current guidance. Patients with severe sepsis were followed for three days. Consideration and/or usage of recombinant activated protein C were compared with two different guidelines. Ninety‐seven patients were admitted to the intensive care unit over the audit period. Recombinant activated protein C was used in nine of these patients. Depending on the criteria used, between 50% and 81% of the patients who qualified for recombinant activated protein C therapy did not receive it. Subsequent to the audit, a survey was performed to study intensive care unit consultants’ attitudes to recombinant activated protein C therapy. A total of 125 consultants responded to the survey (77%). Of these, 104 (83%) stated that they used recombinant activated protein C in their clinical practice, 56 (52%) of whom prescribed it to patients with two‐organ failures and an Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score of ≥ 25. Thirty‐nine respondents (38%) stated that two‐organ failures alone would be an adequate trigger for therapy. We conclude that recombinant activated protein C is potentially under‐used to treat severe sepsis. Many consultants seem to reserve the drug for the most severely ill sub group of patients.
Genetic stability in the Icelandic horse breed
Authors: Campana M. G. , Stock F. , Barrett E. , Benecke N. , Barker G. W. W. , Seetah K. , Bower M. A. 
Published: October 2011

SummaryDespite the Icelandic horse enjoying great popularity worldwide, the breed’s gene pool is small. This is because of a millennium of isolation on Iceland, population crashes caused by natural disasters and selective breeding. Populations with small effective population sizes are considered to be more at risk of selection pressures such as disease and environmental change. By analysing historic and modern mitochondrial DNA sequences and nuclear coat colour genes, we examined real‐time population dynamics in the Icelandic horse over the last 150 years. Despite the small gene pool of this breed, we found that the effective population size and genetic profile of the Icelandic horse have remained stable over the studied time period.
Genetic variants affecting meat and milk production traits appear to have effects on reproduction traits in cattle
Authors: Collis E. , Fortes M. R. S. , Zhang Y. , Tier B. , Schutt K. , Barendse W. , Hawken R. 
Published: October 2011

SummaryPolymorphisms located in the genes ABCG2, DGAT1, LEP, PRLR, RORC, CAPN1 and CAST previously have been associated with milk or meat production traits. In this study, these polymorphisms were examined for significant effects on reproductive traits [age at puberty (AGECL), post‐partum anoestrus interval (PPAI) and the ability ovulate prior to weaning (PW)] and on a panel of correlated traits such as weight, growth and serum concentration of insulin‐like growth factor I. The effects of the polymorphisms were examined in two samples of tropically adapted beef cattle: Brahman (N = 932) and Tropical Composites (N = 1097). A polymorphism in the gene DGAT1 was associated with age at puberty in the combined sample (P = 0.042), and two polymorphisms in CAPN1 were associated with PPAI (P = 0.033) and with the ability ovulate PW (P = 0.017). The favourable allele for reproductive traits was not always the favourable allele associated with production traits. The effects of these polymorphisms on reproductive traits were small compared to their effects on the traits for which they were originally discovered.
A premature stop codon in the ADAMTS2 gene is likely to be responsible for dermatosparaxis in Dorper sheep
Authors: Zhou H. , Hickford J. G. H. , Fang Q. 
Published: October 2011

SummaryWe have used polymerase chain reaction‐single‐strand conformational polymorphism analysis to investigate variation in exon 2 of the ADAM metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type I motif, 2 (ADAMTS2) gene in 598 sheep, including three white Dorper lambs that had a pathology consistent with dermatosparaxis. Four sequence variants (A, B, C and D) were identified at this exon, with the lambs having the dermatosparaxis phenotype being uniquely B homozygous and their mothers being B‐containing heterozygous for ADAMTS2. Analysis of the amplified exon 2 sequences revealed the B variant had a nucleotide substitution that creates a premature stop codon and would notionally abbreviate the ADAMTS2 peptide. The B variant was not found in any other breed aside from the white Dorper sheep that were studied.