bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of temperature during newborn transport: An old problem with new difficulties
Authors: BOWMAN ED , ROY RND 
Published: August 2010

Objective: To explore any changes in temperature control during neonatal emergency inter‐hospital transport between 1977 and 1996. Methods: Records were reviewed of all infants undergoing emergency transfer by the statewide Victorian Newborn Emergency Transport Service (NETS). Per axillary temperatures were recorded prospectively on arrival of transport team and at conclusion of transfer for all infants. Results: The rate of hypothermia (<36.0°C) when NETS reached the infant has decreased overall (22% in 1977–79 to 7% in 1995–96) and for all weight groups; although in 1995–96 hypothermia was present in 36% of infants less than 1000g when NETS arrived. The rate of hypothermia (<36.0°C) at the end of the transfer has remained at 3% overall for many years. The rate of hyperthermia at both times has increased significantly overall (12% in 1977–79 to 24% in 1995–96 on NETS arrival, 4%‐19%, respectively at end of transfer) and for all weight groups except infants less than 1000g. The range of abnormal temperatures has not substantially changed over time. Conclusion: There has been significant improvement in avoidance of hypothermia and cold stress amongst infants requiring emergency neonatal transport from 1977 to 1996. However, in order to improve the number of infants transferred who achieve a temperature in the normal range the need to avoid hyperthermia is highlighted. Infants who require incubator care for optimal medical management require continual monitoring of temperature and review of environmental conditions to optimise the conditions both prior to and during transport.
Interaction of fire‐related cues in seed germination of the potentially invasive species Paulownia tomentosa Steud
Authors: TODOROVIĆ SLAĐANA , BOŽIĆ DRAGANA , SIMONOVIĆ ANA , FILIPOVIĆ BILJANA , DRAGIĆEVIĆ MILAN , GIBA ZLATKO , GRUBIŠIĆ DRAGOLJUB 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe Empress tree (Paulownia tomentosa Steud.) is a fast growing deciduous tree originating from East Asia. It is grown as an ornamental plant, but can also be used as industrial wood. However, in some parts of North America, this species is considered invasive, with high impact on autochthonous populations. We have investigated whether post‐fire expansion of this species can be explained at the germination level by analyzing the interaction between physical (light and temperature) and chemical (smoke and nitrogenous compounds) fire‐related cues in the regulation of P. tomentosa germination. Light is the key environmental signal in the induction of germination of positively photoblastic P. tomentosa seeds. Smoke, applied in the form of extract (liquid smoke [LS]), stimulates light‐induced germination if applied during imbibition, or shortly after the inductive irradiation. This stimulatory effect of LS can be effectively prevented by far‐red light, suggesting that the mechanism of smoke action is phytochrome related. The LS had no effect on the germination percentage when applied during the phase of radicle protrusion. However, LS reduced radicle elongation and slowed its protrusion. The LS had no effect on the optimal temperature range of germination (23–27°C). The combined action of LS and KNO3 in light‐induced germination was more effective then when each chemical was applied separately. It can be concluded that all tested components of fire, except elevated temperature, operate to stimulate germination of P. tomentosa seeds, suggesting that the post‐fire invasive potential of this species can, at least in part, be explained at the germination level.
Retroperitoneal ectopic pregnancy: Is there any place for non‐surgical treatment with methotrexate?
Authors: Okorie Chukwudi O. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractCases of retroperitoneal ectopic pregnancy are very rare. To date, few published and unpublished reports are available and no clear or specific management guidelines have been defined. Despite concern for the risk of surgical resection of the gestational tissue and associated hemorrhage when these lesions are in close proximity to the large retroperitoneal blood vessels, conservative treatment with methotrexate has so far failed to obviate the ultimate need for surgical management. A case of retroperitoneal ectopic pregnancy located very close to large retroperitoneal blood vessels and treated with methotrexate is presented. Two other varying cases of failed methotrexate treatment for similar diagnosis are discussed. The presented patient failed methotrexate treatment and eventually underwent surgical excision.
The Portuguese version of the Postpartum Depression Screening Scale‐Short Form
Authors: Zubaran Carlos , Schumacher Marina V. , Foresti Katia , Thorell Mariana R. , Amoretti Aline , Müller Lúcia 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAims:  The aim of this study was to demonstrate the validity and reliability of the short form of the Postpartum Depression Screening Scale in Southern Brazil.Material & Methods:  Research volunteers completed the Postpartum Depression Screening Scale‐Short Form (PDSS‐SF) and a Structured Clinical Interview for Mental Disorders (SCID). Evaluation parameters included reliability and correlational investigations analyses.Results:  The proposed Portuguese version of the PDSS‐SF attained significant Cronbach's alphas (0.71 or superior). The best cut‐off score (≥17) accounted for 89% of sensitivity and 77% of specificity. In addition, nonparametric correlation procedures revealed a significant correlation between the screening results of the PDSS‐SF and the assessment based on the SCID.Conclusions:  The Portuguese version of the PDSS‐SF demonstrated sound psychometric properties. The results of the correlation analyses between the PDSS‐SF and the SCID assessment also indicate a significant concurrent validity. The Portuguese version of the PDSS was adequately translated and adapted to Portuguese.
Cortical acetylcholine release elicited by stimulation of histamine H1receptors in the nucleus basalis magnocellularis: a dual‐probe microdialysis study in the freely moving rat
Authors: Cecchi Marco , Passani Maria Beatrice , Bacciottini Lucia , Mannaioni Pier Francesco , Blandina Patrizio 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPerfusion of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) with histamine agonists and antagonists modulates the spontaneous release of cortical acetylcholine (ACh) in freely moving rats. Perfusion of the NBM with Ringer solution containing 100 mmK+strongly stimulated the spontaneous release of cortical ACh in freely moving rats, whereas perfusion with 1 µmtetrodotoxin reduced cortical ACh spontaneous release by more than 50%. Administration of histamine to the NBM concentration‐dependently increased the spontaneous release of cortical ACh. Administration of H1(methylhistaprodifen) but not H2(dimaprit) or H3(R‐α‐methylhistamine) receptor agonists to the NBM mimicked the effect of histamine. Perfusion of the NBM with either H1(mepyramine or triprolidine) or H2(cimetidine) receptor antagonists failed to alter ACh spontaneous release from the cortex, however, H1but not H2receptor antagonists antagonized the releases of cortical ACh elicited by histamine and methylhistaprodifen. Local administration of H3receptor antagonists (clobenpropit and thioperamide) to the NBM increased the spontaneous release of ACh from the cortex; this effect was antagonized by H1receptor antagonism. Conversely local administration of MK‐801, a noncompetitive receptor antagonist of theN‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor, to the NBM failed to alter ACh spontaneous release from the cortex and to antagonize ACh release elicited by histamine. This study demonstrates that activation of histamine H1receptors in the NBM increases ACh spontaneous release from the cortex.
Role of dorsal raphe neurons in paradoxical sleep generation in the cat: no evidence for a serotonergic mechanism
Authors: Sakai Kazuya , Crochet Sylvain 
Published: August 2010

AbstractUsingin vivomicrodialysis either alone or in combination with extracellular unit recordings, we have examined the effect of serotonergic and nonserotonergic drugs applied to the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) on behavioural states in the cat. We found that 8‐hydroxy‐2‐(n‐dipropylamino)tetralin hydrobromide (8‐OH‐DPAT), a selective 5‐HT1Areceptor agonist, induced a dose‐dependent increase in wakefulness (W) and decrease in deep slow‐wave sleep (SWS), but had no significant effect on the generation of paradoxical sleep (PS) at concentrations of 5–500 µm. At the highest concentration tested, however, PS occurred directly after W, as in narcolepsy. N‐[2‐[4‐(2‐methoxyphenyl)‐1‐piperazinyl]ethyl]‐N‐2‐pyridinyl‐cyclohexanecarboxamide maleate (WAY‐100635), a selective 5‐HT1Areceptor antagonist, had no effect on overall behavioural states at concentrations of 50 or 500 µm. Muscimol, a potent GABAAreceptor agonist, had little or no effect at concentrations of 10, 50 or 100 µm, but concentrations of 500 or 1000 µmcaused a pronounced increase in W and decrease in SWS without inducing any changes in the amount of PS, although PS episodes occurred as in narcolepsy. Bicuculline, a GABAAreceptor antagonist, or kainate, an excitatory amino acid agonist, produced a dose‐dependent increase in W and decrease in deep SWS and PS. Extracellular unit recordings combined with microdialysis infusion into the DRN demonstrated that only high concentrations of 8‐OH‐DPAT or muscimol significantly affect a large population of DRN neurons. Taken together, these findings indicate that DRN serotonergic activity does not play any crucial role in PS generation, but is involved in the regulation of W and SWS as well as in narcolepsy.
NMDA‐dependent, network‐driven oscillatory activity induced by bicuculline or removal of Mg2+ in rat olfactory bulb neurons
Authors: Puopolo Michelino , Belluzzi Ottorino 
Published: August 2010

AbstractSpontaneous, low‐frequency voltage oscillations (LFOs) were observed in the neurons of rat olfactory bulb upon disinhibition with GABAA antagonists and/or removal of Mg2+ from external saline. Ordinarily, LFOs presented a highly organized temporal structure, with bursts recurring regularly at about 0.05 Hz. Slow depolarizing shifts with similar frequencies were observed in all types of bulbar neurons. Simultaneous recordings from mutually independent neurons showed that LFOs were highly synchronized in distinct cells. The occurrence of LFOs was prevented by NMDA, but not AMPA/kainate, receptor antagonists. The oscillations were also halted by Ca2+ antagonists and tetrodotoxin. The pace of the oscillations was reset by stimulation of the olfactory nerve but not by direct injection of depolarizing current into the oscillating cell. Removal of the outer portion of the slice with a cut along the external plexiform layer provided crucial evidence that the bursting activity first initiated in the glomerular region and propagated synaptically downstream towards the inner layers, suggesting an organizing role for olfactory glomeruli.
Antisense knockdown of the glial glutamate transporter GLT‐1 exacerbates hippocampal neuronal damage following traumatic injury to rat brain
Authors: Rao Vemuganti L. Raghavendra , Dogan Aclan , Bowen Kellie K. , Todd Kathryn G. , Dempsey Robert J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractTraumatic injury to rat brain induced by controlled cortical impact (CCI) results in chronic neuronal death in the hippocampus. In the normal brain, glutamate transporters actively clear the glutamate released synaptically to prevent receptor overactivation and excitotoxicity. Glutamate transporter 1 (GLT‐1) is the most abundant and active glutamate transporter, which mediates the bulk of glutamate uptake. CCI injury significantly decreased GLT‐1 mRNA (by 49–66%,P < 0.05) and protein (by 29–44%,P < 0.05) levels in the ipsilateral hippocampus, compared with either the respective contralateral hippocampus or the sham‐operated control, 24–72 h after the injury. CCI injury in rats infused with GLT‐1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) exacerbated the hippocampal neuronal death and mortality, compared with the GLT‐1 sense/random ODN‐infused controls. At 7 days after the injury, hippocampal neuronal numbers were significantly lower in the CA1 (reduced by 32%,P < 0.05), CA2 (by 45%,P < 0.01), CA3 (by 68%,P < 0.01) and dentate gyrus (by 31%,P < 0.05) in GLT‐1 antisense ODN‐infused rats, compared with the GLT‐1 sense/random ODN‐infused controls. This study suggested a role for GLT‐1 dysfunction in promoting the hippocampal neuronal death after traumatic brain injury.
Identification of a Chr 11 quantitative trait locus that modulates proliferation in the rostral migratory stream of the adult mouse brain
Authors: Poon Anna , Li Zhiyou , Wolfe Gregory W. , Lu Lu , Williams Robert W. , Hayes Nancy L. , Nowakowski Richard S. , Goldowitz Daniel 
Published: August 2010

AbstractNeuron production takes place continuously in the rostral migratory stream (RMS) of the adult mammalian brain. The molecular mechanisms that regulate progenitor cell division and differentiation in the RMS remain largely unknown. Here, we surveyed the mouse genome in an unbiased manner to identify candidate gene loci that regulate proliferation in the adult RMS. We quantified neurogenesis in adult C57BL/6J and A/J mice, and 27 recombinant inbred lines derived from those parental strains. We showed that the A/J RMS had greater numbers of bromodeoxyuridine‐labeled cells than that of C57BL/6J mice with similar cell cycle parameters, indicating that the differences in the number of bromodeoxyuridine‐positive cells reflected the number of proliferating cells between the strains. AXB and BXA recombinant inbred strains demonstrated even greater variation in the numbers of proliferating cells. Genome‐wide mapping of this trait revealed that chromosome 11 harbors a significant quantitative trait locus at 116.75 ± 0.75 Mb that affects cell proliferation in the adult RMS. The genomic regions that influence RMS proliferation did not overlap with genomic regions regulating proliferation in the adult subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus. On the contrary, a different, suggestive locus that modulates cell proliferation in the subgranular zone was mapped to chromosome 3 at 102 ± 7 Mb. A subset of genes in the chromosome 11 quantitative trait locus region is associated with neurogenesis and cell proliferation. Our findings provide new insights into the genetic control of neural proliferation and an excellent starting point to identify genes critical to this process.
Awake nasotracheal intubation using fiberoptic bronchoscope in a pediatric patient with Freeman–Sheldon syndrome
Authors: Kim J.S. , Park S.Y. , Min S.K. , Kim J.H. , Lee S.Y. , Moon B.K. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe Freeman–Sheldon syndrome is a congenital disease primarily affecting the facial, limb and respiratory muscles that give rise to classical clinical features including typical whistling face and short webbed neck associated with difficult intubation. We present successful awake nasotracheal intubation in a 6‐year‐old patient with typical clinical features of Freeman–Sheldon syndrome by using fiberoptic bronchoscope on two separate occasions.
The correlation of the Narcotrend Index with endtidal sevoflurane concentrations and hemodynamic parameters in children
Authors: WEBER FRANK , HOLLNBERGER HARALD , GRUBER MICHAEL , FRANK BERNHARD , TAEGER KAI 
Published: August 2010

SummaryBackground:  The Narcotrend Index (NI) of anesthetic depth is potentially a pharmacodynamic measure of the effects of sevoflurane on the brain.Methods:  In this prospective observational study of 30 pediatric surgical patients (1–11 years), we investigated the correlation between nonsteady‐state endtidal sevoflurane (eTSevo), NI, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR). The performance of the Narcotrend for differentiation between consciousness and unconsciousness was evaluated using prediction probability (PK).Results:  Spearman correlation analysis showed significant correlations (P < 0.01) between eTSevo and NI (r = −0.85) and MAP (r = −0.43). PK‐values for differentiation between consciousness and unconsciousness were 1.0 for NI and <0.85 for MAP and HR. During the surgical procedure, NI‐values showed a constant rise with each 0.5% step of lowering eTSevo (P < 0.03), whereas MAP remained unaltered and HR showed a constant decline (P < 0.03), except between 1.5 and 1%.Conclusions:  In children, nonsteady‐state eTSevo concentrations are more closely related with NI than with MAP or HR. In this study, only NI reliably differentiated consciousness from unconsciousness.
A comparison of parents and pediatric anesthesiologists’ preferences for attributes of child daycase surgery: a discrete choice experiment
Authors: GIDMAN WENDY , ELLIOTT RACHEL , PAYNE KATHERINE , MEAKIN GEORGE H , MOORE JULIA 
Published: August 2010

SummaryBackground:  Currently, there is little evidence relating to which attributes of pediatric daycase surgery are most important to parents; therefore, it is difficult for policy‐makers in the UK to incorporate parents’ preferences into pediatric daycase service provision. Additionally, few studies have considered anesthesiologists’ preferences in this area. Parents and anesthesiologists’ preferences for perioperative care of children undergoing daycase surgery may differ and this could affect levels of satisfaction with service provision. This study aimed to elicit and compare the relative importance of attributes of pediatric daycase surgery provision to parents and anesthesiologists using an established stated preference method, the discrete choice experiment. The attributes considered were: parental involvement in medical decision making; parental presence at induction of anaesthesia; quality of recovery from anaesthesia; staff attitude; postoperative pain and cost to the parents.Methods:  A postal questionnaire including a discrete choice experiment was sent to (a) parents whose children had been admitted to hospital under a surgical consultant (n = 280) and (b) anesthesiologists who are resident in the UK and are members of the Association of Paediatric Anaesthetists (n = 193).Results:  All six attributes studied were statistically significant to both respondent groups, indicating that all attributes were important to respondents. The strength of anesthesiologists and parents’ preferences was significantly different for all attributes other than parental presence at induction of anaesthesia.Conclusions:  Parents and anesthesiologists had a significantly different order of priorities for service attributes.
Maturational pharmacokinetics of single intravenous bolus of propofol
Authors: ALLEGAERT KAREL , HOON JAN DE , VERBESSELT RENE , NAULAERS GUNNAR , MURAT ISABELLE 
Published: August 2010

SummaryBackground:  Our aim was to document propofol pharmacokinetics in preterm and term neonates following a single intravenous bolus and compare these estimates with pharmacokinetics findings in toddlers and young children.Methods:  Newly collected observations following intravenous bolus administration of propofol in preterm and term neonates (n = 9) were compared with earlier reported pharmacokinetic estimates in toddlers and young children. Data are reported by median and range. Mann–Whitney U‐test or correlation was used to analyze differences in pharmacokinetic findings between neonates, toddlers and young children.Results:  Concentration‐time profiles obtained were interpreted by two‐stage analysis as a three compartment open model in nine neonates with a median weight of 2.51 (range 0.91–3.8) kg and a median postmenstrual age (PMA) of 36 (range 27–43) weeks. Median clearance (CL) was 13.6 (range 3.7–78.2) ml·min−1·kg−1 and median apparent volume of distribution at steady state (Vss) was 3.7 (1.33–7.96) l·kg−1. Following allometric scaling and standardization to 70 kg, median CL was 442 (range 97–2184) ml·min−1·70 kg−1. Compared with earlier reported observations in toddlers and children, median clearance (kg·min−1) was significantly lower in neonates (P < 0.01) and these differences remained significant after allometric scaling (70 kg·min−1) while Vss (l·kg−1) was significantly lower in neonates (P < 0.01).Conclusions:  Propofol disposition is significantly different in neonates compared with toddlers and young children, reflecting both ontogeny and differences in body composition. Based on the reduced clearance of propofol, a longer recovery time is more likely to occur in neonates.
Review article: Intravenous vs intramuscular ketamine for pediatric procedural sedation by emergency medicine specialists: a review
Authors: DEASY CONOR , BABL FRANZ E. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryKetamine is a general anesthetic agent widely used for pediatric procedural sedation outside the operating theater by nonanesthesiologists. In a setting where efficacy and safety of the agent are paramount, there are conflicting recommendations in terms of optimal mode of parenteral administration, as well as optimal dosage and need for the coadministration of adjunctive agents to decrease side effects. We investigated existing evidence to determine whether ketamine should be best administered intravenously or intramuscularly. This analysis was made difficult by limited direct comparisons of both modes of parenteral administration and a lack of consistent definitions for key outcomes such as ‘effectiveness,’‘adverse events,’‘hypoxia,’‘ease of completion of the procedure,’ and ‘satisfaction’ across studies that have evaluated ketamine. Based on large data sets, the safety and efficacy of both modes of administration are broadly similar. Although data on head to head comparisons of intravenous and intramuscular ketamine is limited, based on our analysis, we conclude that the trends indicate ketamine is ideally administered intravenously.
Anesthetic management of children with in situ Berlin Heart EXCOR™
Authors: PRATAP JAYANT N. , WILMSHURST SALLY 
Published: August 2010

SummaryModern mechanical devices can support children with severely impaired cardiac function until a donor heart is found for transplantation or native function recovers. Pediatric heart transplantation offers a good chance of survival with a high quality of life to individuals with limited life expectancy and/or severe limitation to daily activities, but many die on the transplant list or are not listed because of a shortage of donor organs. In recent cohorts, there is better outcome when ventricular assist devices (VADs) rather than extracorporeal membrane oxygenation are used as a ‘bridge’ to transplantation. Anesthesiologists working in centers where VADs are available may increasingly be asked to provide anesthesia to children with such devices in situ, including procedures outside the cardiac surgical operating room. The Berlin Heart EXCOR™ device is a VAD system with increasing popularity in pediatric practice and has system components available in sizes suitable even for neonates. Postimplantation considerations include hemodynamics, thromboembolic complications and their prevention by anticoagulation, antimicrobial therapy, and the rehabilitation and mobilization of recipients. VAD‐specific emergencies must be recognized and managed appropriately by anesthesiologists looking after Berlin Heart recipients. These include malignant dysrhythmias, sudden loss of VAD output, air or clot embolism, and sudden cyanosis. Provision of anesthesia for patients with an in situ Berlin Heart requires attention to particular considerations in preoperative assessment, induction, maintenance, and postoperative care.