bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Panel: Collaboration Between Companies, Cosumers, and the Government for Future Energy Needs
Authors: Holt David , Khurana Sandeep 
Published: July 2009

Preface
This manuscript is intended to set the stage for a panel discussion, " Meeting the Energy Challenge: Improving Communication among Consumers, Academia, NGOs, Oil Companies, and Government??, scheduled for Monday, May 4th, 2009. The panel will be composed of representative from each one of these entities, namely Consumers, Academia, NGOs, Oil Companies and Government to discuss how to meet the energy challenge. The panelists are as follows:Marvin Odum, President of Shell Oil Company and Executive Vice President for the Americas for Shell Exploration & Production (Confirmed)The Honorable Lisa Murkowski, U.S. Senate (invited)The Honorable Sheila Jackson Lee, U.S. House of Representatives (invited)John Holdren, Presidential Science Advisor (invited)Governor John Engler, President of National Association of Manufacturers (invited)Governor Bill Graves, President of American Trucking Associations (invited)Dr. Henry Lee, Harvard Kennedy School (invited)Phil Sharp, President, Resources for the Future (invited)
And the moderators:David Holt, Executive Director, Consumer Energy AllianceSandeep Khurana, Advisor, Devon Energy Corporation

Theme
The worldwide quest to define future energy needs has brought the issue of partnership among consumers, academia, NGOs, oil companies and the government to the forefront. World energy supply is predicted to rely heavily on fossil fuel resources for the foreseeable future. However, short-term vision has sometimes discouraged, even shut-off, expanded exploration by oil companies, further weakening our supply lines. Some oil companies are investing in alternative sources, but these resources can merely keep pace with demand. Meanwhile, consumers are struggling with price fluctuations and political leaders are overwhelmed with rhetoric and the constant struggle to develop a comprehensive, balanced national energy policy.
Versatile, Benzimidazole/Amine‐Based Ambipolar Compounds for Electroluminescent Applications: Single‐Layer, Blue, Fluorescent OLEDs, Hosts for Single‐Layer, Phosphorescent OLEDs
Authors: Chen Chih‐Hsin , Huang Wei‐Sheng , Lai Mei‐Yi , Tsao Wen‐Cheng , Lin Jiann T. , Wu Ying‐Hsien , Ke Tung‐Huei , Chen Li‐Yin , Wu Chung‐Chih 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA series of compounds containing arylamine and 1,2‐diphenyl‐1H‐benz[d]imidazole moieties are developed as ambipolar, blue‐emitting materials with tunable blue‐emitting wavelengths, tunable ambipolar carrier‐transport properties and tunable triplet energy gaps. These compounds possess several novel properties: (1) they emit in the blue region with high quantum yields; (2) they have high morphological stability and thermal stability; (3) they are capable of ambipolar carrier transport; (4) they possess tunable triplet energy gaps, suitable as hosts for yellow‐orange to green phosphors. The electron and hole mobilities of these compounds lie in the range of 0.68–144 × 10−6 and 0.34–147 × 10−6 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively. High‐performance, single‐layer, blue‐emitting, fluorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) are achieved with these ambipolar materials. High‐performance, single‐layer, phosphorescent OLEDs with yellow‐orange to green emission are also been demonstrated using these ambipolar materials, which have different triplet energy gaps as the host for yellow‐orange‐emitting to green‐emitting iridium complexes. When these ambipolar, blue‐emitting materials are lightly doped with a yellow‐orange‐emitting iridium complex, white organic light‐emitting diodes (WOLEDs) can be achieved, as well by the use of the incomplete energy transfer between the host and the dopant.
Bioinspired Material Approaches to Sensing
Authors: McConney Michael E. , Anderson Kyle D. , Brott Lawrence L. , Naik Rajesh R. , Tsukruk Vladimir V. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBioinspired design is an engineering approach that involves working to understand the design principles and strategies employed by biology in order to benefit the development of engineered systems. From a materials perspective, biology offers an almost limitless source of novel approaches capable of arousing innovation in every aspect of materials, including fabrication, design, and functionality. Here, recent and ongoing work on the study of bioinspired materials for sensing applications is presented. Work presented includes the study of fish flow receptor structures and the subsequent development of similar structures to improve flow sensor performance. The study of spider air‐flow receptors and the development of a spider‐inspired flexible hair is also discussed. Lastly, the development of flexible membrane based infrared sensors, highly influenced by the fire beetle, is presented, where a pneumatic mechanism and a thermal‐expansion stress‐mediated buckling‐based mechanism are investigated. Other areas that are discussed include novel biological signal filtering mechanisms and reciprocal benefits offered through applying the biology lessons to engineered systems.
Application of direct fluid flow oscillations to improve mixing in microbioreactors
Authors: Li X. , van der Steen G. , van Dedem G. W. K. , van der Wielen L. A. M. , van Leeuwen M. , van Gulik W. M. , Heijnen J. J. , Ottens M. , Krommenhoek E. E. , Gardeniers J. G. E. , van den Berg A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis article describes an active mixing method for a microbioreactor that was designed, simulated, tested, and successfully implemented. By applying a varying pressure to a microchannel looping tangentially into a cylindrical microreactor an oscillating fluid flow was shown to occur. Such an oscillating fluid flow improved mixing, both by diffusion and convection. The oscillating fluid flow has a large impact on the ratio between the diffusion domain and the convection domain. A good match was obtained between experimental mixing results, computational fluid dynamics simulation results and the results of a simplified mixing model thus demonstrating the potential of simulation on improving the design of microreactors. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Four beds pressure swing adsorption for hydrogen purification: Case of humid feed and activated carbon beds
Authors: Ribeiro Ana M. , Grande Carlos A. , Lopes Filipe V. S. , Loureiro José M. , Rodrigues Alírio E. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe novelty of this manuscript is the study of purification of hydrogen from a mixture of H2/CO2/CH4/CO/N2 saturated in water vapor. Simulations results of fixed bed behavior and of an eight steps PSA process are presented using an activated carbon as adsorbent. Several operating conditions were considered, namely different feed flow rates, humid/dry feed and adiabatic/nonadiabatic operation. Simulation with single column PSA showed that a 99.9979% purity hydrogen stream could be obtained with a recovery of 71.3% and a productivity of 63.9 mol/kgads/day. The simulation of a four columns PSA predicted a decrease in H2 purity to 99.8193% for the same operating conditions, due to the impurities present in the recycled stream of the continuous multicolumn process. To increase the hydrogen purity above 99.99%, the feed time was decreased 25%. Thus, the multicolumn simulation predicted a hydrogen recovery, purity, and productivity, respectively, of 62.7%, 99.9992%, and 55.2 mol/kgads/day. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Public health projects for preventing the recurrence of neural tube defects in the United States
Authors: Collins Julianne S. , Canfield Mark A. , Pearson Kay , Kirby Russell S. , Case Amy P. , Mai Cara T. , Major Judy , Mulinare Joe 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: The recurrence risk for neural tube defects (NTDs) in subsequent pregnancies is approximately 3%, or 40 times the background risk. Prevention projects target these high‐risk women to increase their folic acid consumption during the periconceptional period, a behavior which decreases their recurrence risk by at least 85%. This study surveyed birth defect surveillance programs to assess their NTD recurrence prevention activities and to identify components of intervention projects that might be implemented in states with limited resources. METHODS: In 2005, the National Birth Defects Prevention Network developed and distributed an online survey to primary state birth defects surveillance contacts for the purpose of gathering information on NTD recurrence prevention activities in the United States. RESULTS: Responses came from 37 contacts in 34 states and Puerto Rico. There were 13 active NTD recurrence prevention projects, four past projects, and three planned projects. Fifteen past and present projects recommended that women with a prior NTD‐affected birth take 4.0 mg of folic acid daily, and four projects provided folic acid to the women. Reasons given for not having an NTD recurrence prevention project included staffing limitations (53%), lack of funds (47%), lack of priority (18%), and confidentiality/privacy concerns (6%). CONCLUSIONS: Only 15 states and Puerto Rico had or were planning NTD recurrence prevention projects. An NTD recurrence prevention project using minimal resources should consist of timely case ascertainment, educational materials, and mechanisms for disseminating these materials. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Das Druckgurtmodell für Stahlbetonbauteile
Authors: Sigrist Viktor 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn den vergangenen Jahren wurden verschiedene auf die Bemessung von Stahl‐ und Spannbetonbauteilen ausgerichtete theoretische Modelle entwickelt. Heute stehen das Zuggurtmodell, das Modell der gerissenen (Steg‐)Scheibe und das Druckgurtmodell zur Verfügung, auf deren Grundlage Verformungsverhalten und Tragwiderstände umfassend beurteilt werden können. Auf das Druckgurtmodell wird im vorliegenden Beitrag detailliert eingegangen. Es berücksichtigt die Festigkeits‐ und Duktilitätssteigerung durch eine Umschnürungsbewehrung sowie die bruchmechanisch begründete Entfestigung des Betons und die damit einhergehende Verformungslokalisierung. Auf der Grundlage neuerer Versuchsergebnisse können für die komplexen Interdependenzen zwischen diesen Effekten plausible Beziehungen angegeben werden. Die mithilfe des Druckgurtmodells gewonnenen Erkenntnisse sind für die Baupraxis von Bedeutung: Das Verhalten von auf Druck beanspruchten Bauteilen (z. B. Druckplatten von Brückenquerschnitten, Stützen) lässt sich zuverlässig erfassen; darüber hinaus ergeben sich wichtige Hinweise für die konstruktive Durchbildung.Compression Chord Model for Structural ConcreteIn recent years, several theoretical models have been developed with the scope on the design of reinforced and prestressed concrete structures. Today, the tension chord model, the cracked membrane model and the compression chord model are available, with which the deformation behaviour as well as ultimate loads can be determined. In the present contribution the compression chord model is discussed in detail. The model takes the increase of strength and ductility due to a confining reinforcement into account and considers the softening as well as the localisation of deformations accompanying the fracture of concrete. On the basis of new test results plausible relations for the complex interdependencies between these effects are found. The results of the compression chord model are relevant for practical applications: The behaviour of compressed members (e.g. in bridge girders or columns) can be assessed reliably; moreover, hints for the detailing of reinforcement can be deduced.
Brückenbau in Solothurn
Authors: Brux Gunther 
Published: July 2009

AbstractDer Bau einer Brücke und eines Steges über die rd. 100 m breite Aare gehören zum Projekt “Solothurn, Entlastung West”. Die Baugruben für die Gründung ihrer vier Flusspfeiler wurden nach dem Einbau von Pfählen mit einer Platte aus unterWasser eingebautem Stahlfaserbeton abgedichtet; nach dem Lenzen der Baugruben konnten die Pfeilerfundamente betoniert werden. Auf die beiden Bauwerke sowie die Betontechnologie und den Einbau des Unterwasser‐Stahlfaserbetons wird näher eingegangen.
Herstellung und Prüfung von Biegebalken nach DAfStb‐Richtlinie Stahlfaserbeton
Authors: Vitt Gerhard , Schulz Markus , Nell Wilhelm 
Published: July 2009

AbstractDie DAfStb‐Richtlinie Stahlfaserbeton wird voraussichtlich Mitte dieses Jahres erscheinen und die Normenreihe DIN 1045 hinsichtlich Bemessung und Ausführung von Stahlfaserbeton ergänzen. Durch die dann einheitliche Regelung des Baustoffes Stahlfaserbeton ist mit einer breiteren Anwendung zu rechnen. Wesentliche Grundlage ist die Klassifizierung der Nachrissbiegezugfestigkeit.Von besonderer Bedeutung in diesem Zusammenhang sind eine sachgerechte Prüfkörperherstellung und Durchführung der Prüfung sowie die richtige Interpretation der Last‐Verformungskurven. Nachfolgend sind daher die aus Sicht des Verbandes deutscher Stahlfaserhersteller e.V. wichtigsten Punkte zusammengefasst.
Ultra scale‐down studies of the effect of shear on cell quality; Processing of a human cell line for cancer vaccine therapy
Authors: McCoy Ryan , Hoare Mike , Ward Stephen 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWhole cell therapy is showing potential in the clinic for the treatment of many chronic diseases. The translation of laboratory‐scale methods for cell harvesting and formulation to commercial‐scale manufacturing offers major bioprocessing challenges. This is especially the case when the cell properties determine the final product effectiveness. This study is focused on developing an ultra scale‐down method for assessing the impact of the hydrodynamic environment on human cells that constitute the therapeutic product. Small volumes of a prostate cancer cell line, currently being developed in late phase II clinical trials as an allogeneic whole cell vaccine therapy for prostate cancer, were exposed to hydrodynamic shear rates similar to those present in downstream process, formulation and vial filling operations. A small scale rotating disc shear device (20 mL) was used over a range of disc speeds to expose cells to maximum shear rates ranging from 90 × 103 to 175 × 103 s‐1 (equivalent maximum power dissipation rates of 14 × 103 to 52 × 103 W kg‐1). These cells were subsequently analyzed for critical cell quality attributes such as the retention of membrane integrity and cell surface marker profile and density. Three cell surface markers (CD9, CD147, and HLAA‐C) were studied. The cell markers exhibited different levels of susceptibility to hydrodynamic shear but in all cases this was less than or equal to the loss of membrane integrity. It is evident that the marker, or combination or markers, which might provide the required immunogenic response, will be affected by hydrodynamic shear environment during bioprocessing, if the engineering environment is not controlled to within the limits tolerated by the cell components. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009
Immediate postmastectomy reconstruction is associated with improved breast cancer‐specific survival
Authors: Bezuhly Michael , Temple Claire , Sigurdson Leif J. , Davis Roger B. , Flowerdew Gordon , Cook E. Francis 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Although immediate breast reconstruction is increasingly offered as part of postmastectomy psychosocial rehabilitation, concerns remain that it may delay adjuvant therapy or impair detection of local recurrence. No single population‐based study has examined the relationship between immediate breast reconstruction and breast cancer‐specific survival.METHODS:By using data from the US National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registries, breast cancer‐specific survival was compared for female unilateral mastectomy patients who did or did not undergo immediate breast reconstruction. Cox proportional hazards models were fitted, adjusting for known demographic and disease severity variables and stratifying on reconstruction type (implant or autologous) and age.RESULTS:Improved breast cancer‐specific survival was observed among all immediate breast reconstruction patients compared with patients who underwent mastectomy alone (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.68 to 0.80). Implant reconstruction patients below 50 years of age demonstrated the greatest apparent survival benefit (HR = 0.47; 95% CI 0.28 to 0.80). Similarly, autologous reconstruction was associated with improved cancer‐specific survival among patients below the age of 50 (HR = 0.58; 95% CI, 0.42 to 0.80) and between ages 50 to 69 (HR = 0.61; 95% CI, 0.43 to 0.85).CONCLUSIONS:Immediate breast reconstruction is associated with decreased breast cancer‐specific mortality, particularly among younger women. We believe this association is more likely attributable to imbalances in socioeconomic factors and access to care than to inadequate adjustment for tumor characteristics and disease severity. Further research is needed to identify additional prognostic factors responsible for the improved cancer survival among women undergoing immediate postmastectomy reconstruction. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Superselective high‐dose cisplatin infusion with concomitant radiotherapy in patients with advanced cancer of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses
Authors: Homma Akihiro , Oridate Nobuhiko , Suzuki Fumiyuki , Taki Shigenari , Asano Takeshi , Yoshida Daisuke , Onimaru Rikiya , Nishioka Takeshi , Shirato Hiroki , Fukuda Satoshi 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:The current study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of superselective high‐dose cisplatin infusion with concomitant radiotherapy (RADPLAT) for previously untreated patients with advanced cancer of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.METHODS:Between October 1999 and December 2006, 47 patients were given superselective intra‐arterial infusions of cisplatin (100‐120 mg/m2 per week) with simultaneous intravenous infusions of thiosulfate to neutralize cisplatin toxicity and conventional external‐beam radiotherapy (65‐70 grays).RESULTS:There were 7 patients (14.9%) diagnosed with T3, 22 (46.8%) with T4a, and 18 (38.3%) with T4b disease. During the median follow‐up period of 4.6 years, the 5‐year local progression‐free survival rate was 78.4% for all patients (n = 47), 69.0% for patients with T4b disease (n = 18), and 83.2% for patients with <T4b disease (n = 29). The 5‐year overall survival rate was 69.3% for all patients, 61.1% for patients with T4b disease, and 71.1% for patients with < T4b disease. RADPLAT was feasible in 45 patients (95.7%). No patient died as a result of treatment toxicity or had a cerebrovascular accident. Osteonecrosis (n = 7), brain necrosis (n = 2), and ocular/visual problems (n = 16) were observed as late adverse reactions.CONCLUSIONS:Although a single institution experience, the results of the current study suggest that RADPLAT can cure the majority of patients with advanced cancer of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, as well as preserve organs. Late adverse reactions should be monitored in future studies. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Partnership and outcomes in men with prostate cancer
Authors: Bergman Jonathan , Gore John L. , Saigal Christopher S. , Kwan Lorna , Litwin Mark S. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Being in a supportive relationship may have improved the health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) of men with prostate cancer, if the support was strong and positive. In the current study, the authors sought to examine the impact of partnership status on the mental health of men treated for localized prostate cancer.METHODS:Participants had clinically localized prostate cancer and chose treatment with radical prostatectomy (n = 307), external‒beam radiotherapy (n = 78), or brachytherapy (n = 91). The authors prospectively assessed subject characteristics and HRQOL outcomes and evaluated associations between partnership outcomes and HRQOL measures. Two multivariate linear regression models were then created, 1 for baseline HRQOL outcomes and 1 for change in HRQOL from baseline to 12 months, with partnership status as the main predictor and subject characteristics as covariates.RESULTS:Partnership status was not found to be associated with either baseline physical or mental health, but partnered participants had less bowel bother (P = .02) and a lower fear of recurrence (P = .03) at baseline than did unpartnered subjects. Men with fewer comorbid conditions scored better across almost all baseline HRQOL domains. Primary treatment type was significantly associated with changes in physical HRQOL, with men undergoing radical prostatectomy describing better changes in physical health than those treated with brachytherapy (P = .04) or those receiving external‒beam radiotherapy (P ≤ .01).CONCLUSIONS:Physical and mental health was found to be comparable in the study cohort of partnered and unpartnered men treated for prostate cancer. The universally high socioeconomic status of the current study cohort may mitigate differences in HRQOL by partnership status. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Pre‐treatment predictors and in‐treatment factors associated with change in avoidant and dependent personality disorder traits among patients with social phobia
Authors: Borge Finn‐Magnus , Hoffart Asle , Sexton Harold , Martinsen Egil , Gude Tore , Hedley Liv Margaret , Abrahamsen Gun 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe examined changes in avoidant and dependent personality disorder dimensions, and pre‐treatment and in‐treatment factors associated with such changes in 77 patients, randomized to medication‐free residential cognitive (CT) or residential interpersonal therapy for social phobia. Personality disorders and personality dimensions according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM‐IV) were assessed at pre‐treatment and at one‐year post‐treatment. Both treatments were associated with a decrease in avoidant and dependent personality dimensions; dependent dimension decreased more in CT. Changes in cognitive factors predicted changes in both personality dimensions, whereas changes in symptoms or interpersonal factors did not. Change in the cognitive factorestimated costwas the most powerful predictor in the avoidant dimension, as it was the only predictor that remained significant in the forward regression analyses. Change in the cognitive factorestimated cost, andtreatmentwere the most powerful predictors of change in the dependent dimension. Pre‐treatment use of anxiolytics predicted larger changes in both PD dimensions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message:• Improvement in symptoms and cognitions related to social phobia is associated with improvement in dependent and avoidant personality disorder traits.
Intraocular pigmented proliferations in the context of cytologic evaluation
Authors: Ylagan Lourdes R. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis article is written to give an overview of the various intraocular pigmented proliferations as it pertains to cytologic evaluation and interpretation. It reviews the various epithelial and melanocytic lesions, their location and the various clinical approaches the ophthalmologist uses to aspirate the lesion. It also reviews the current thinking in the differentiation between Class I and Class II melanomas and how molecular profiling may be necessary in its differentiation which could help stratify those patients whose tumors are refractory to treatment and may benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy and eye‐sparing surgery. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.