bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Addressing incontinence for people with dementia living at home: a documentary analysis of local English community nursing service continence policies and clinical guidance
Authors: Drennan Vari M , Norrie Caroline , Cole Laura , Donovan Sheila 
Published: July 2012

Aim and objectives.  To establish whether the problems and issues experienced by people with dementia living at home and their carers were addressed in the clinical guidance for continence management for community nursing services in England.Background.  Internationally, the numbers of people with dementia are rising. Managing incontinence is a significant issue as the presence of incontinence is one of the triggers for people with dementia to move their residence to a care home. People with dementia living at home and their family carers report difficulties in accessing knowledgeable professionals and acceptable continence products.Design.  A review by documentary analysis of clinical policies and guidance from a sample of community nursing services in all Strategic Health Authority regions of England.Methods.  A sample of clinical policy and guidance documents for continence assessment and management from up to four community nursing services in each of the ten Strategic Health Authority regions in England was sought. Documentary analysis was undertaken on the relevance of the documents identified for people with dementia living at home.Findings.  Ninety‐eight documents from 38 local community nursing services spread across ten Strategic Health Authority areas were obtained and analysed. Only in the documents of three services were nurses offered detailed guidance about the management of incontinence for people with dementia at home. In the documentation of only one service were people with dementia identified as a special case which warranted the provision of additional continence products.Conclusion.  Clinical guidance on continence assessment and management for community nurses in many parts of England does not address the specific needs of people with dementia living at home or their carers.Relevance for clinical practice.  Nurses working in community settings and those providing clinical leadership in continence care should review their clinical guidance and policies to ensure relevance for people with dementia living at home and their family carers.
Adolescent bereavement: embodied responses, coping and perceptions of a body awareness support programme
Authors: Bugge Kari E , Haugstvedt Karen TS , Røkholt Eline G , Darbyshire Philip , Helseth Sølvi 
Published: July 2012

Aims and objectives.  This study describes the implementation and evaluation of a new Body Awareness Programme (BAP) in bereavement support for adolescents. The BAP’s aims were to provide information and insight into adolescents bodily reactions, to help them develop a deeper understanding of the reasons for bodily reactions and to introduce adolescents to healthy coping techniques.Background.  Three main bodily reactions can follow a traumatic event such as the death of a loved one. The arousal of physical responses causes restlessness, concentration problems and disturbed sleep while ‘flashbacks’ of unpleasant memories contribute to increased tension. Active avoidance manifests as increased activity and avoidance of talking or thinking about unpleasant memories. These reactions may interfere with an adolescent’s development and inhibit a healthy grieving process.Design.  A qualitative, hermeneutic–phenomenological design.Methods.  Data were collected using the BAP together with in‐depth interviews with adolescents, focusing particularly on their experiences or recollections of their bodily reactions and coping. Seven adolescents participated, aged 13–18 years, who use our bereavement services.Results.  The adolescents in our study internalised their struggles, and beneath their facade of coping, they reported having painful bodies that were stiff and restless. They were also anxious, experiencing painful thoughts of the deceased. The adolescents found the BAP helpful because they gained awareness of the body–behaviour–feelings connections, experiencing the techniques as helpful and possibly useful in their everyday lives.Conclusion.  The results of this evaluation of the BAP are positive and suggest that this approach is both necessary and valuable in a bereavement support programme for adolescents.Relevance to clinical practice.  Adolescents must recognise their own embodied reactions and understand their underlying causes before they can change their attitudes or seek appropriate help during bereavement. Health professionals should see beyond adolescents’ facades and offer them support.
The lived experience of women victims of intimate partner violence
Authors: Loke Alice Yuen , Wan Mei Lan Emma , Hayter Mark 
Published: July 2012

Aims and objectives.  This study aims to gain a better understanding of the lived experience of female victims of intimate partner violence.Background.  Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a complex and prevalent social problem associated with significant impairment in the physical and psychological health of victims.Design.  Exploratory, qualitative design.Methods.  Face‐to‐face interviews were conducted among nine IPV female victims who presented themselves at an emergency department of a regional hospital. Data were subject to thematic analysis.Results.  Victims are often ashamed to disclose their situation and reluctant to seek help, afraid of being ridiculed or ignored. Violent experiences also lead to low self‐esteem, depression, and suicidal ideas. They are ambivalent about staying in an abusive relationship and endure violent incidents in silence until they cannot tolerate any more and seek help at an emergency department. They have negative experiences in help‐seeking: other family members and health professionals coloured by cultural restraints generally ignore their complaints and need for help.Conclusions.  Provided a preliminary understanding of the experience of Chinese women in Hong Kong. In support of these women’s help‐seeking behaviours, continuing education programmes are needed to better prepare health professionals for caring for these women.Relevance to clinical practice.  Health professionals should be astute in identifying IPV victims with whom they come into contact at work. They should assess the immediate physical and emotional needs of these women, be empathetic, show acceptance, extend a helping hand and assess home safety before discharge.
The cross‐level impact of patient safety climate on nursing innovation: a cross‐sectional questionnaire survey
Authors: Weng Rhay‐Hung , Huang Ching‐Yuan , Huang Jin‐An , Wang Man‐His 
Published: July 2012

Aims and objectives.  To explore the cross‐level effects of the four dimensions of patient safety climate on nursing innovation.Background.  Across the globe, nursing innovation is highly encouraged by nursing experts to improve nursing outcome. Nursing innovation, in turn, is affected by organisational climate, and a critical aspect of organisational climate is patient safety.Design.  This is a cross‐sectional study.Methods.  We employed a questionnaire survey to collect data and selected nurses from Taiwan hospitals as samples. A total of 808 valid questionnaires in 172 teams of four hospitals were collected. Patient safety climate was aggregated by individual‐level data; thus, we examined rwg, ICC 1 and ICC 2. Hierarchical linear modelling was used to analyse the data.Results.  Of these three dimensions of nursing innovation, the level of knowledge creation was perceived by the nurses as the highest. In terms of patient safety climate, managerial practices regarding patient safety scored the highest, followed by patient safety procedures, patient safety information flow and patient safety priority. Only patient safety information flow yielded a significant positive influence on knowledge creation, innovation behaviour or innovation diffusion.Conclusion.  Hospital nurses do achieve better performance in knowledge creation. Patient safety information flow has positive and cross‐level impact on nursing innovation; therefore, the method to increase safety information flow is the key focus of nursing innovation management.Relevance to clinical practice.  Through the improvements made in patient safety climate, hospital managers could promote the development of nursing innovation. Patient safety information flow is positively associated with nursing innovation. Patient safety information could be integrated in nursing training in all levels. Rules and procedures regarding patient safety should be drafted in simple and clear terms. A procedure to review and revise the rules and procedures will also be helpful in improving patient safety information flow.
Role of social support in cognitive function among elders
Authors: Zhu Shuzhen , Hu Jie , Efird Jimmy T 
Published: July 2012

Aims and objectives.  To examine cognitive function and its relationships to demographic characteristics and social support among elders in central China.Background.  Cognitive decline is prevalent among elders. Few studies have explored the relationship between social support and cognitive function among elders.Design.  A cross‐sectional, descriptive correlational study.Methods.  A quasi‐random, point of reference sample of 120 elders residing in central China was recruited for study. Instruments used included a: Socio‐demographic Questionnaire, the Multidimensional Scale on Perceived Social Support and the Mini‐Mental State Examination. Hierarchical multiple regression was performed to examine the relationships among demographic variables, social support and cognitive function.Results.  Age, education and social support accounted for 45·2% of the variance in cognitive function. Family support was the strongest predictor of cognitive function. Elders who had higher educational levels and more family support had better cognitive function.Relevance to clinical practice.  Community healthcare providers should consolidate social support among elders in China and use family support interventions to reduce or delay cognitive decline, especially among those of increased age who are illiterate.Conclusion.  Elders who had higher educational level and more family support had better cognitive function levels. Interventions that include family support are needed to improve cognitive function among elders in China.
People living with serious illness: stories of spirituality
Authors: Molzahn Anita , Sheilds Laurene , Bruce Anne , Stajduhar Kelli , Makaroff Kara Schick , Beuthin Rosanne , Shermak Sheryl 
Published: July 2012

Aims and objectives. To examine stories of spirituality in people living with serious illness.Background. Although knowledge about the experience of people with various chronic illnesses is growing, there is little known about peoples’ beliefs and perspectives relating to spirituality where there is a diagnosis of a serious chronic and life‐limiting illness.Design of the study. A social constructionist approach to narrative inquiry was used.Methods. In‐depth narrative interviews were conducted on one occasion with 32 participants. This included 10 people with cancer, 14 people with end stage renal disease (ESRD) and eight people with HIV/AIDS. They ranged in age from 37–83 and included 18 men and 14 women.Results. The themes were reflecting on spiritual religious and personal beliefs, crafting beliefs for their own lives, finding meaning and transcending beyond words. Participants melded various belief systems to fit their own lives. They also looked to find meaning in their illness experience and described what gave life meaning. For some aspects of these belief systems, participants could not or would not express themselves verbally, and it seemed that aspects of their experience were beyond language.Conclusions. The stories revealed considerable depth relating to perspectives on life, illness and existential questions, but many participants were not comfortable with the term ‘spirituality’.Relevance to clinical practice. Nurses must remain open to learning about belief systems of each individual in their care, regardless of that individual’s declared religious affiliation or declaration of no religious affiliation, given that personal beliefs and practices do not always fit into specific categories.
Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy using near‐infrared contrast agents
Authors: NOTHDURFT R. , SARDER P. , BLOCH S. , CULVER J. , ACHILEFU S. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryAlthough single‐photon fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) is widely used to image molecular processes using a wide range of excitation wavelengths, the captured emission of this technique is confined to the visible spectrum. Here, we explore the feasibility of utilizing near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescent molecular probes with emission >700 nm for FLIM of live cells. The confocal microscope is equipped with a 785 nm laser diode, a red‐enhanced photomultiplier tube, and a time‐correlated single photon counting card. We demonstrate that our system reports the lifetime distributions of NIR fluorescent dyes, cypate and DTTCI, in cells. In cells labelled separately or jointly with these dyes, NIR FLIM successfully distinguishes their lifetimes, providing a method to sort different cell populations. In addition, lifetime distributions of cells co‐incubated with these dyes allow estimate of the dyes’ relative concentrations in complex cellular microenvironments. With the heightened interest in fluorescence lifetime‐based small animal imaging using NIR fluorophores, this technique further serves as a bridge between in vitro spectroscopic characterization of new fluorophore lifetimes and in vivo tissue imaging.
New trapping method to survey for presence of the Etruscan shrew Suncus etruscus, the smallest mammal
Authors: VOGEL Peter 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTThe presence of the Etruscan shrew Suncus etruscus is hard to prove where its predator, the barn owl Tyto alba, is absent, because most live traps are not triggered by it. I therefore developed a new trapping method involving a feeding period of 1 week followed by one night of trapping using modified Trip Trap traps. I show here in detail how I caught four Etruscan shrews in 2010 with 24 traps in the Valley of Dora Baltea (Piemonte, Italy). In 2011, another 11 Etruscan shrews were caught in Piemonte and Lombardia, Italy, and Ticino, Switzerland. The proposed new method is useful for establishing the presence of the species.
Relaxosome function and conjugation regulation in F‐like plasmids – a structural biology perspective
Authors: Wong Joyce J. W. , Lu Jun , Glover J. N. Mark 
Published: July 2012

SummaryThe tra operon of the prototypical F plasmid and its relatives enables transfer of a copy of the plasmid to other bacterial cells via the process of conjugation. Tra proteins assemble to form the transferosome, the transmembrane pore through which the DNA is transferred, and the relaxosome, a complex of DNA‐binding proteins at the origin of DNA transfer. F‐like plasmid conjugation is characterized by a high degree of plasmid specificity in the interactions of tra components, and is tightly regulated at the transcriptional, translational and post‐translational levels. Over the past decade, X‐ray crystallography of conjugative components has yielded insights into both specificity and regulatory mechanisms. Conjugation is repressed by FinO, an RNA chaperone which increases the lifetime of the small RNA, FinP. Recent work has resulted in a detailed model of FinO/FinP interactions and the discovery of a family of FinO‐like RNA chaperones. Relaxosome components include TraI, a relaxase/helicase, and TraM, which mediates signalling between the transferosome and relaxosome for transfer initiation. The structures of TraI and TraM bound to oriT DNA reveal the basis of specific recognition of DNA for their cognate plasmid. Specificity also exists in TraI and TraM interactions with the transferosome protein TraD.
Assembly of the Yersinia injectisome: the missing pieces
Authors: Diepold Andreas , Wiesand Ulrich , Amstutz Marlise , Cornelis Guy R. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryThe assembly of the type III secretion injectisome culminates in the formation of the needle. In Yersinia, this step requires not only the needle subunit (YscF), but also the small components YscI, YscO, YscX and YscY. We found that these elements act after the completion of the transmembrane export apparatus. YscX and YscY co‐purified with the export apparatus protein YscV, even in the absence of any other protein. YscY‐EGFP formed fluorescent spots, suggesting its presence in multiple copies. YscO and YscX were required for export of the early substrates YscF, YscI and YscP, but were only exported themselves after the substrate specificity switch had occurred. Unlike its flagellar homologue FliJ, YscO was not required for the assembly of the ATPase YscN. Finally, we investigated the role of the small proteins in export across the inner membrane. No export of the reporter substrate YscP1–137‐PhoA into the periplasm was observed in absence of YscI, YscO or YscX, confirming that these proteins are required for export of the first substrates. In contrast, YscP1–137‐PhoA accumulated in the periplasm in the absence of YscF, suggesting that YscF is not required for the function of the export apparatus, but that its polymerization opens the secretin YscC.
Antagonism between herbivore‐induced plant volatiles and trichomes affects tritrophic interactions
Authors: WEI JIANING , YAN LIUHUA , REN QIN , LI CHUANYOU , GE FENG , KANG LE 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTWe used tomato genotypes deficient in the jasmonic acid (JA) pathway to study the interaction between the production of herbivore‐induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) that serve as information cues for herbivores as well as natural enemies of herbivores, and the production of foliar trichomes as defence barriers. We found that jasmonic acid‐insensitive1 (jai1) mutant plants with both reduced HIPVs and trichome production received higher oviposition of adult leafminers, which were more likely to be parasitized by the leafminer parasitoids than JA biosynthesis spr2 mutant plants deficient in HIPVs but not trichomes. We also showed that the preference and acceptance of leafminers and parasitoids to trichome‐removed plants from either spr2 or wild‐type (WT) genotypes over trichome‐intact genotypes can be ascribed to the reduced trichomes on treated plants, but not to altered direct and indirect defence traits such as JA, proteinase inhibitor (PI)‐II and HIPVs levels. Although the HIPVs of WT plants were more attractive to adult insects, the insects preferred trichome‐free jai1 plants for oviposition and also had greater reproductive success on these plants. Our results provide strong evidence that antagonism between HIPV emission and trichome production affects tritrophic interactions. The interactions among defence traits are discussed.
Reciprocal grafting separates the roles of the root and shoot in sex‐related drought responses in Populus cathayana males and females
Authors: HAN YING , WANG YUHUA , JIANG HAO , WANG MAOLIN , KORPELAINEN HELENA , LI CHUNYANG 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTDrought stress responses and sensitivity of dioecious plants, such as Populus cathayana Rehd., are determined by different mechanisms in each sex. In general, males tend to be more resistant while females are more sensitive. Here, we used reciprocal grafting between males and females to determine the relative importance of roots and shoots when plants are exposed to drought stress. Total dry matter accumulation (DMA), photosynthetic capacity, long‐term water‐use efficiency (Δ), water potential and ultrastructure of mesophyll cells were evaluated to determine the different roles of root and shoot in sex‐related drought responses. Plants with male roots were found to be more resistant and less sensitive to water stress than those with female roots under drought conditions. On the contrary, plants with female shoots grew better than those with male shoots under well‐watered conditions. These results indicated that the sensitivity of males and females to water stress is primarily influenced by root processes, while under well‐watered conditions sexual differences in growth are primarily driven by shoot processes. Furthermore, grafting female shoot scion onto male rootstock was proved to be an effective mean to improve resistance to water stress in P. cathayana females.
Lack of the Golgi phosphate transporter PHT4;6 causes strong developmental defects, constitutively activated disease resistance mechanisms and altered intracellular phosphate compartmentation in Arabidopsis
Authors: Hassler Sebastian , Lemke Lilia , Jung Benjamin , Möhlmann Torsten , Krüger Falco , Schumacher Karin , Espen Luca , Martinoia Enrico , Neuhaus H. Ekkehard 
Published: July 2012

SummaryThe Golgi‐located phosphate exporter PHT4;6 has been described as involved in salt tolerance but further analysis on the physiological impact of PHT4;6 remained elusive. Here we show that PHT4;6–GFP is targeted to the trans‐Golgi compartment and that loss of function of this carrier protein has a dramatic impact on plant growth and development. Knockout mutants of pht4;6 exhibit a dwarf phenotype that is complemented by the homologous gene from rice (Oryza sativa). Interestingly, pht4;6 mutants show altered characteristics of several Golgi‐related functions, such as an altered abundance of certain N‐glycosylated proteins, altered composition of cell‐wall hemicelluose, and higher sensitivity to the Golgi α‐mannosidase and the retrograde transport inhibitors kifunensine and brefeldin A, respectively. Moreover, pht4;6 mutants exhibit a ‘mimic disease’ phenotype accompanied by constitutively activated pathogen defense mechanisms and increased resistance against the virulent Pseudomonas syringae strain DC3000. Surprisingly, pht4;6 mutants also exhibit phosphate starvation symptoms, as revealed at the morphological and molecular level, although total Pi levels in wild‐type and pht4;6 plants are similar. This suggested that subcellular Pi compartmentation was impaired. By use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), increased Pi concentration was detected in acidic compartments of pht4;6 mutants. We propose that impaired Pi efflux from the trans‐Golgi lumen results in accumulation of inorganic phosphate in other internal compartments, leading to low cytoplasmic phosphate levels with detrimental effects on plant performance.
Effects of long‐term irrigation with reclaimed wastewater on the efficacy and fate of trifloxysulfuron‐sodium in the soil
Authors: DVORKIN G , MANOR M , SIBONY M , CHEFETZ B , RUBIN B 
Published: July 2012

Dvorkin G, Manor M, Sibony M, Chefetz B & Rubin B (2012). Effects of long‐term irrigation with reclaimed wastewater on the efficacy and fate of trifloxysulfuron‐sodium in the soil. Weed Research.52, 441–448.SummaryLong‐term irrigation with reclaimed wastewater (RWW) is known to affect the physical, chemical and biological properties of the receiving soil. The sulfonylurea herbicide trifloxysulfuron‐sodium (TFX), an acetolactate synthase inhibitor, is stable in the soil for several months and can carry over to rotational crops; however, its activity in RWW‐irrigated soils is much lower. In this study, we monitored the activity/dissipation of TFX applied on RWW‐irrigated soil. High weed infestation in the treated soil in field studies along with a decrease in the soil activity as determined with test plant was observed, suggesting fast dissipation of the herbicidal activity of TFX in the soil. Dose–response curves of Sorghum bicolor to TFX planted in RWW‐ and in fresh water‐irrigated soils showed higher and more significant damage for both shoots and roots with the fresh water‐irrigated soil. Sterilised RWW‐irrigated soil exhibited higher TFX activity versus non‐sterilised soil. This implies that reduction in TFX activity in RWW‐irrigated soil is probably affected by the microbial activity.