bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anthropogenically induced adaptation to invade (AIAI): contemporary adaptation to human‐altered habitats within the native range can promote invasions
Authors: Hufbauer Ruth A. , Facon Benoît , Ravigné Virginie , Turgeon Julie , Foucaud Julien , Lee Carol E. , Rey Olivier , Estoup Arnaud 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAdaptive evolution is currently accepted as playing a significant role in biological invasions. Adaptations relevant to invasions are typically thought to occur either recently within the introduced range, as an evolutionary response to novel selection regimes, or within the native range, because of long‐term adaptation to the local environment. We propose that recent adaptation within the native range, in particular adaptations to human‐altered habitat, could also contribute to the evolution of invasive populations. Populations adapted to human‐altered habitats in the native range are likely to increase in abundance within areas frequented by humans and associated with human transport mechanisms, thus enhancing the likelihood of transport to a novel range. Given that habitats are altered by humans in similar ways worldwide, as evidenced by global environmental homogenization, propagules from populations adapted to human‐altered habitats in the native range should perform well within similarly human‐altered habitats in the novel range. We label this scenario ‘Anthropogenically Induced Adaptation to Invade’. We illustrate how it differs from other evolutionary processes that may occur during invasions, and how it can help explain accelerating rates of invasions.
Music: And So to the Movies
Authors: BURDEN MICHAEL 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe study of music history has, in the last decades, seen a move away from the music of the canon, and of dead, white, male, ‘great’ composers, towards a closer engagement with performance and a clearer understanding of the contexts and institutions that produced music of all types. This article chooses five ways into the jungle of modern musical scholarship – monumental supporting projects; historical overviews; an independent voice for eighteenth‐century music research; performance practice; and music, celebrity and the cinema – and considers how they have shaped, and continue to shape, the subject as it is today.
South Asia: From Political Economy to Intellectual and Cultural Life
Authors: PARTHASARATHI PRASANNAN 
Published: November 2011

AbstractFrom the 1970s the received wisdom of eighteenth‐century South Asian decline was replaced with a new vision of dynamism and change. Much of this work focused on issues of political economy, but more recently the study of the eighteenth century has broadened to include intellectual life, the arts and literature, in which there were lively indigenous traditions that were enriched from interaction with Europeans. Although political economy is less prominent in recent writings on eighteenth‐century South Asia, it cannot be omitted from the picture altogether, given that states and rulers were important patrons of many intellectual and artistic pursuits.
China: Pax Manjurica
Authors: NEWBY L. J. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis article looks at developments in Western historiography of eighteenth‐century China since the millennium. The opening of archives in the PRC and the development of online resources have facilitated new areas of study and continued the trend away from institutional and intellectual history and towards social and cultural history. Among the significant developments is the emergence of the ‘new Qing history’. The main debates and themes all have resonance in Western historical studies, but Eurocentric paradigms have invariably been rejected or significantly revised in order to construct culturally specific modes of analysis. These new interpretations are gradually filtering into mainstream writings and comparative studies.
Comparing three different surgical techniques used in adult bilateral varicocele
Authors: Sun HB , Liu Y , Yan MB , Li ZD , Gui XG 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIntroductionVaricocele is a common disease in adult men that can be treated with one of several surgical methods. Each technique has advantages and disadvantages, and conflicting results have been obtained by different studies. To evaluate the most effective surgical techniques used in adult bilateral varicocele, including minimally invasive procedures, we compared the outcomes of three common surgical approaches in this prospective randomized study.MethodsThe study included 153 patients with bilateral varicoceles who underwent varicocelectomy. These patients were randomly divided into three equal groups according to surgical approach used – open inguinal, retroperitoneal or laparoscopic. The assessment included operative time, length of hospital stay, clinical outcome and, in cases of infertility, semen analysis. The mean follow‐up was 12 months (range, 8 to 15 months).ResultsThe operative time and hospital stay in the laparoscopic group were significantly shorter than in the other groups (P < 0.01). Of the 51 cases in each group, there were seven cases (13.73%) of recurrence in the open inguinal group, six cases (11.76%) in the retroperitoneal group, and one case (1.96%) in the laparoscopic group. This lower rate of recurrence was statistically significant in the laparoscopic group (P < 0.05). Among the three groups, comparisons between preoperative and postoperative semen parameters showed visible improvements in sperm concentration and motility (P < 0.01), but there were no significant differences between the three groups for postoperative changes in semen parameters (P > 0.05).ConclusionsCompared with open inguinal and retroperitoneal varicocelectomy, laparoscopic varicolerectomy offers the best outcome.
Basic life support skill retention of medical interns and the effect of clinical experience of cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Authors: Na Ji Ung , Sim Min Seob , Jo Ik Joon , Song Hyoung Gon , Song Keun Jeong 
Published: November 2011

ObjectiveTo investigate the level of basic life support (BLS) skill retention of medical interns 6 and 12 months after BLS education and analyse the correlation between clinical experience of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and BLS skill retention.Materials and methodsThe baseline performance of BLS skills in medical doctors during their internship was tested immediately after the BLS provider course. The subjects were divided into two groups, which were tested using the same method after 6 months or after 12 months. Data on the subjects' CPR experience were collected through CPR records—specifically, the number of CPR experiences and the feedback given by the CPR team leaders. To evaluate BLS skill retention, baseline BLS skill performance was compared with the skill performances measured after 6 or 12 months.ResultsFifty-six subjects were enrolled in the 6 month group and 36 in the 12 month group. For non-compression skills, the points for skills declined from 12 to 6 points in the 6 month group and from 12 to 6 points in the 12 month group and the declines in both groups were statistically significant. For compression skills, in the 12 month group, the hands-off time improved from 9.9 s to 8.7 s, with statistical significance. In the multivariate linear regression test, the number of times feedback was given had a statistical relationship with improvement in hands-off time in the 12 month group (coefficient 0.58, 95% CI 0.12 to 1.05).ConclusionsIn medical doctors, the compression skills were well preserved, but the retention of non-compression skills was poor.
Assessing where vulnerable groups fare worst: a global multilevel analysis on the impact of welfare regimes on disability across different socioeconomic groups
Authors: Witvliet Margot I , Kunst Anton E , Stronks Karien , Arah Onyebuchi A 
Published: November 2011

BackgroundInvestigations on health differences within welfare states between low- and high-socioeconomic groups are mainly conducted in Europe. With the aim of gaining global insight on the extent welfare regimes influence personal disability for the most vulnerable, we explore how these health differences vary between low- and high-socioeconomic groups.MethodsThe World Health Survey data were analysed on 199 595 adults from 46 countries using the welfare regime classification developed by Wood and Gough. Multilevel logistic regression was used to estimate welfare regime differences in self-reported disability according to individual educational attainment and employment status.ResultsAs compared with the low educated in the European-conservative regime, the odds of having a higher prevalence of disability was found among low-educated people residing in the informal-security regime of South Asia, with OR being 3.16 (95% CI 2.23 to 4.47). While state-organised regimes seemed to offer more protection against disability to the low educated, the productivist regime of East Asia trailed closely behind, with OR being 1.10 (95% CI 0.76 to 1.60) for the low educated. Similar findings were also observed in the unemployed.ConclusionsState-organised regimes of Europe and the productivist regime of East Asia seem to contain protecting features against disability for all citizens and especially for the most vulnerable. Apart from the productivist regime of East Asia, the low educated and the unemployed seem to carry the greatest health burden within more insecure regimes, highlighting a deficiency in social provisions within these regimes aimed at protecting the most vulnerable.
Survival of extremely and moderately halophilic isolates of Tunisian solar salterns after UV-B or oxidative stress
Authors: Trigui Hana , Masmoudi Salma , Brochier-Armanet Céline , Maalej Sami , Dukan Sam 
Published: November 2011

Adaptation to a solar saltern environment requires mechanisms providing tolerance not only to salinity but also to UV radiation (UVR) and to reactive oxygen species (ROS). We cultivated prokaryote halophiles from two different salinity ponds: the concentrator M1 pond (240 g·L–1NaCl) and the crystallizer TS pond (380 g·L–1NaCl). We then estimated UV-B and hydrogen peroxide resistance according to the optimal salt concentration for growth of the isolates. We observed a higher biodiversity of bacterial isolates in M1 than in TS. All strains isolated from TS appeared to be extremely halophilic Archaea from the genus Halorubrum . Culturable strains isolated from M1 included extremely halophilic Archaea (genera Haloferax , Halobacterium , Haloterrigena , and Halorubrum) and moderately halophilic Bacteria (genera Halovibrio and Salicola ). We also found that archaeal strains were more resistant than bacterial strains to exposure to ROS and UV-B. All organisms tested were more resistant to UV-B exposure at the optimum NaCl concentration for their growth, which is not always the case for H2O2. Finally, if these results are extended to other prokaryotes present in a solar saltern, we could speculate that UVR has greater impact than ROS on the control of prokaryote biodiversity in a solar saltern.
Determination of low bacterial concentrations in hyperarid Atacama soils: comparison of biochemical and microscopy methods with real-time quantitative PCR
Authors: Fletcher Lauren E. , Conley Catharine A. , Valdivia-Silva Julio E. , Perez-Montaño Saul , Condori-Apaza Renee , Kovacs Gregory T.A. , Glavin Daniel P. , McKay Christopher P. 
Published: November 2011

Hyperarid Atacama soils are reported to contain significantly reduced numbers of microbes per gram of soil relative to soils from other environments. Molecular methods have been used to evaluate microbial populations in hyperarid Atacama soils; however, conflicting results across the various studies, possibly caused by this low number of microorganisms and consequent biomass, suggest that knowledge of expected DNA concentrations in these soils becomes important to interpreting data from any method regarding microbial concentrations and diversity. In this paper we compare the number of bacteria per gram of Atacama Desert soils determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction with the number of bacteria estimated by the standard methods of phospholipids fatty acid analysis, adenine composition (determined by liquid chromatography – time-of-flight mass spectrometry), and SYBR-green microscopy. The number determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction as implemented in this study was several orders of magnitude lower than that determined by the other three methods and probably underestimates the concentrations of soil bacteria, most likely because of soil binding during the DNA extraction methods. However, the other methods very possibly overestimate the bacteria concentrations owing to desiccated, intact organisms, which would stain positive in microscopy and preserve both adenine and phospholipid fatty acid for the other methods.
Genetic Variants Associated with the Risk of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease with and without Lung Cancer
Authors: de Andrade Mariza , Li Yan , Marks Randolph S. , Deschamps Claude , Scanlon Paul D. , Olswold Curtis L. , Jiang Ruoxiang , Swensen Stephen J. , Sun Zhifu , Cunningham Julie M. , Wampfler Jason A. , Limper Andrew H. , Midthun David E. , Yang Ping 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a strong risk factor for lung cancer. Published studies about variations of genes encoding glutathione metabolism, DNA repair, and inflammatory response pathways in susceptibility to COPD were inconclusive. We evaluated 470 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) from 56 genes of these three pathways in 620 cases and 893 controls to identify susceptibility markers for COPD risk, using existing resources. We assessed SNP- and gene-level effects adjusting for sex, age, and smoking status. Differential genetic effects on disease risk with and without lung cancer were also assessed; cumulative risk models were established. Twenty-one SNPs were found to be significantly associated with risk of COPD (P &lt; 0.01); gene-based analyses confirmed two genes (GCLC and GSS) and identified three additional genes (GSTO2, ERCC1, and RRM1). Carrying 12 high-risk alleles may increase risk by 2.7-fold; eight SNPs altered COPD risk without lung cancer by 3.1-fold and 4 SNPs altered the risk with lung cancer by 2.3-fold. Our findings indicate that multiple genetic variations in the three selected pathways contribute to COPD risk through GCLC, GSS, GSTO2, ERCC1, and RRM1 genes. Functional studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms of these genes in the development of COPD, lung cancer, or both. Cancer Prev Res; 5(3); 365–73. ©2011 AACR.
Comprehensive risk reduction in patients with atrial fibrillation: Emerging diagnostic and therapeutic options
Authors: Lip Gregory , Van Gelder Isabelle , Bax Jeroen , Hylek Elaine , Kääb Stefan , Schotten Ulrich , Wegscheider Karl , Boriani Giuseppe , Ezekowitz Michael , Diener Hans , Heidbuchel Hein , Lane Deirdre , Mont Luis , Willems Stephan , Dorian Paul , Vardas Panos , Breithardt Günter , John Camm A. , Kirchhof Paulus 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThere are exciting new developments in several areas of atrial fibrillation (AF) management that carry the hope of improving outcomes in AF patients. This paper is an executive summary that summarises the proceedings from the 3rd AFNET/EHRA consensus conference on atrial fibrillation, held in Sophia Antipolis from November 7th to 9th 2010, shortly after the release of the new ESC guidelines on AF. The conference was jointly organised by the German Atrial Fibrillation competence NETwork (AFNET) and the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA). This executive summary report covers four sections: 1. Risk factors and risk markers for AF, 2. Pathophysiological classification of AF, 3. Relevance of monitored AF duration for AF-related outcomes, and 4. Perspectives and needs for implementing better antithrombotic therapy.
Ribosomal protein gene deletions in Diamond-Blackfan anemia
Authors: Farrar Jason E. , Vlachos Adrianna , Atsidaftos Eva , Carlson-Donohoe Hannah , Markello Thomas C. , Arceci Robert J. , Ellis Steven R. , Lipton Jeffrey M. , Bodine David M. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractDiamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a congenital BM failure syndrome characterized by hypoproliferative anemia, associated physical abnormalities, and a predisposition to cancer. Perturbations of the ribosome appear to be critically important in DBA; alterations in 9 different ribosomal protein genes have been identified in multiple unrelated families, along with rarer abnormalities of additional ribosomal proteins. However, at present, only 50% to 60% of patients have an identifiable genetic lesion by ribosomal protein gene sequencing. Using genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism array to evaluate for regions of recurrent copy variation, we identified deletions at known DBA-related ribosomal protein gene loci in 17% (9 of 51) of patients without an identifiable mutation, including RPS19, RPS17, RPS26, and RPL35A. No recurrent regions of copy variation at novel loci were identified. Because RPS17 is a duplicated gene with 4 copies in a diploid genome, we demonstrate haploinsufficient RPS17 expression and a small subunit ribosomal RNA processing abnormality in patients harboring RPS17 deletions. Finally, we report the novel identification of variable mosaic loss involving known DBA gene regions in 3 patients from 2 kindreds. These data suggest that ribosomal protein gene deletion is more common than previously suspected and should be considered a component of the initial genetic evaluation in cases of suspected DBA.
Control of Plasmodium falciparum erythrocytic cycle: γδ T cells target the red blood cell–invasive merozoites
Authors: Costa Giulia , Loizon Séverine , Guenot Marianne , Mocan Iulia , Halary Franck , de Saint-Basile Geneviève , Pitard Vincent , Déchanet-Merville Julie , Moreau Jean-François , Troye-Blomberg Marita , Mercereau-Puijalon Odile , Behr Charlotte 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe control of Plasmodium falciparum erythrocytic parasite density is essential for protection against malaria, because it prevents pathogenesis and progression toward severe disease. P falciparum blood-stage parasite cultures are inhibited by human Vγ9Vδ2 γδ T cells, but the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, we show that both intraerythrocytic parasites and the extracellular red blood cell–invasive merozoites specifically activate Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in a γδ T cell receptor–dependent manner and trigger their degranulation. In contrast, the γδ T cell–mediated antiparasitic activity only targets the extracellular merozoites. Using perforin-deficient and granulysin-silenced T-cell lines, we demonstrate that granulysin is essential for the in vitro antiplasmodial process, whereas perforin is dispensable. Patients infected with P falciparum exhibited elevated granulysin plasma levels associated with high levels of granulysin-expressing Vδ2+ T cells endowed with parasite-specific degranulation capacity. This indicates in vivo activation of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells along with granulysin triggering and discharge during primary acute falciparum malaria. Altogether, this work identifies Vγ9Vδ2 T cells as unconventional immune effectors targeting the red blood cell–invasive extracellular P falciparum merozoites and opens novel perspectives for immune interventions harnessing the antiparasitic activity of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells to control parasite density in malaria patients.
The grapevine guard cell-related VvMYB60 transcription factor is involved in the regulation of stomatal activity and is differentially expressed in response to ABA and osmotic stress
Authors: Galbiati Massimo , Matus José Tomás , Francia Priscilla , Rusconi Fabio , Cañón Paola , Medina Consuelo , Conti Lucio , Cominelli Eleonora , Tonelli Chiara , Arce-Johnson Patricio 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundUnder drought, plants accumulate the signaling hormone abscisic acid (ABA), which induces the rapid closure of stomatal pores to prevent water loss. This event is trigged by a series of signals produced inside guard cells which finally reduce their turgor. Many of these events are tightly regulated at the transcriptional level, including the control exerted by MYB proteins. In a previous study, while identifying the grapevine R2R3 MYB family, two closely related genes,VvMYB30andVvMYB60were found with high similarity toAtMYB60, an Arabidopsis guard cell-related drought responsive gene.ResultsPromoter-GUS transcriptional fusion assays showed that expression ofVvMYB60was restricted to stomatal guard cells and was attenuated in response to ABA. UnlikeVvMYB30,VvMYB60was able to complement the loss-of-functionatmyb60-1mutant, indicating thatVvMYB60is the only true ortholog ofAtMYB60in the grape genome. In addition,VvMYB60was differentially regulated during development of grape organs and in response to ABA and drought-related stress conditions.ConclusionsThese results show that VvMYB60 modulates physiological responses in guard cells, leading to the possibility of engineering stomatal conductance in grapevine, reducing water loss and helping this species to tolerate drought under extreme climatic conditions.
General practitioners' views and experiences of counselling for physical activity through the New Zealand Green Prescription program
Authors: Patel Asmita , Schofield Grant M , Kolt Gregory S , Keogh Justin WL 
Published: November 2011

Abstract

Background
Regular physical activity is beneficial in both the prevention and management of chronic health conditions. A large proportion of adult New Zealanders, however, are insufficiently active. To help increase population levels of physical activity in New Zealand the Green Prescription, a primary care physical activity scripting program, was developed. The primary aim of this study was to identify why general practitioners (GPs) counsel for physical activity and administer Green Prescriptions. A secondary aim was to examine GPs' views and experiences of Green Prescription counselling for the management of depression.

Methods
Individual face-to-face interviews were conducted with 15 GPs. All interviews were audio-taped and transcribed. Data were analysed using an inductive thematic approach.

Results
Several themes and sub-themes emerged from the data. Notably, GPs counselled for physical activity and prescribed Green Prescriptions for both primary preventive (e.g., weight control) and secondary management (e.g., diabetes management) purposes. GPs reported the benefits of the Green Prescription centred around two main themes: (i) a non-medication approach to a healthier lifestyle and (ii) the support benefits of physical activity. Time constraints within the consultation was the only main theme that emerged regarding the barriers GPs perceived to Green Prescription use. Physical activity in general, and physical activity prescribed through the Green Prescription, were also viewed by GPs as beneficial for the management of depression.

Conclusions
The results of this study suggest that New Zealand GPs view the Green Prescription program as beneficial for their patients with pre-existing conditions and/or weight problems. While this is encouraging, the Green Prescription may also be used to promote physical activity in currently healthy but low-active and sedentary individuals. Such individuals are currently disease free, but are at risk for future health-related problems because of their inactive lifestyle. It is recommended that time constraints of the consultation in regard to administering Green Prescriptions could be dealt with by delegating the more time consuming tasks to the patient support counsellors that support the Green Prescription program, and having practice nurses assist in the administration of Green Prescriptions. Green Prescription counselling in conjunction with antidepressant medication may be beneficial for the management of depression and warrants further research.