bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COSTS OF HOUSING CRISES: INTERNATIONAL EVIDENCE
Authors: Aßmann Christian , Boysen‐Hogrefe Jens , Jannsen Nils 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTThis paper analyses the costs of housing crises in terms of GDP growth and the economic conditions under which crises are particularly costly. Housing crises are often followed by recessions that are longer than other recessions. According to empirical estimates, a housing crisis reduces the GDP growth rate in the following year on average by two percentage points and has still a considerable negative impact in the second year. One important channel through which the effect of housing crises is passed on seems to be the banking sector. In addition, our results suggest that negative wealth effects possibly cause further reductions in GDP growth.
ENDOGENOUS TIMING AND STRATEGIC CHOICE: THE COURNOT‐BERTRAND MODEL
Authors: Tremblay Victor J. , Tremblay Carol Horton , Isariyawongse Kosin 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTCournot establishes a Nash equilibrium to a duopoly game under output competition; Bertrand finds a different Nash equilibrium under price competition. Both treat the strategic choice variable (output versus price) and the timing of play as exogenous. We investigate Cournot‐Bertrand models where one firm competes in output and the other competes in price in both static and dynamic settings. We also develop a general model where both the timing of play and the strategic choice variables are endogenous. Consistent with the conduct of Honda and Scion, we show that Cournot‐Bertrand behaviour can be a Nash equilibrium outcome.
DO REAL INTEREST RATES REALLY CONTAIN A UNIT ROOT? MORE EVIDENCE FROM A BOOTSTRAP COVARIATE UNIT ROOT TEST
Authors: LEE CHENG‐FENG , TSONG CHING‐CHUAN 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis paper re‐examines the empirical finding that international real interest rates usually have a unit root. This conclusion is put forth in Rapach and Weber (2004), using the Ng and Perron (2001) tests. We use Rudebusch's (1993) approach to construct the small sample distributions of the Ng and Perron tests, and calculate their asymptotic sizes, size‐adjusted powers and rejection rates. These numbers show that the lack of power in the Ng and Perron tests might account for the findings of Rapach and Weber (2004): that the unit root null cannot be rejected for most OECD countries. Size distortions are mild in the case of Ng and Perron tests for two series, but are serious for the Phillips and Perron Z‐test on inflation rates. We then apply a powerful covariate augmented Dickey–Fuller unit root test to examine the series for which stationarity cannot be determined with the Ng and Perron tests. The bootstrap technique is also used to control possible size distortions. In contrast to the results of Rapach and Weber (2004), the bootstrap covariate augmented Dickey–Fuller test yields striking evidence that real interest rates are stationary for 14 of 16 OECD countries, because nominal interest rates are stationary for the 14 countries, while inflation rates are stationary for all countries.
Social work and the environment: An ecosocial approach
Authors: Norton Christine Lynn 
Published: December 2011

Norton CL. Social work and the environment: An ecosocial approachThis article draws on insights from social work, ecopsychology and ecofeminism to inform an ecosocial approach honouring humans' interconnectedness with nature. It re‐examines social work's ecosystems perspective and redefines its central ‘person‐in‐environment’ configuration to embrace a broadened emphasis on the natural world. It identifies insights from ecofeminism on the parallels between the oppression of women and domination of nature, and presents feminist ways of relating that may enhance connection with the planet as a whole. It introduces the concepts of empathy and empowerment from relational cultural theory as important ideas to integrate with social work's ecosystems perspective to promote deeper awareness of this connection. Finally, the ecosocial approach thus derived is examined as a means of promoting environmental sustainability at all levels of social work practice.
Australian child protection services: A game without end
Authors: Hansen Patricia , Ainsworth Frank 
Published: December 2011

Hansen P, Ainsworth F. Australian child protection services: A game without endThis article argues that Australian child protection services are based on an error of logical typing. Across time, this has led to an over‐reliance on mandatory reporting legislation, a forensic/investigative/prosecutorial model of practice, a risk‐averse organisational culture and zero tolerance of any imperfections in parenting practices which are defined as child abuse and neglect regardless of their severity. All of these positions ignore powerful social stressors that surround complex family situations where abuse and neglect can occur. It is proposed that this error of logical typing is confirmed by the well‐documented fact that Australian child protection services have for more than two decades been unable to prevent or reduce the incidence of child abuse and neglect. For this article, New South Wales is used as the exemplar state.
I can't imagine doing anything else': why do teachers of children with SEN remain in the profession? Resilience, rewards and realism over time
Authors: Mackenzie Suzanne 
Published: December 2011

There has been a substantial amount of research on why teachers leave the profession but little on why they stay. The paper will follow Day et al.'s work (2007) in examining the factors that determine which teachers will maintain resilience and stay in the profession, focusing particularly on those who worked as special educational needs co‐ordinators (SENCOs), analysing the careers of 19 teachers who had been in the profession for more than 15 years.Data were gathered by focus groups and life history interviews taking a qualitative, narrative enquiry approach.This research found that some situated factors in schools were found to contribute positively and/or negatively to teachers' efficacy, commitment and perceived effectiveness. Personal influences were also significant and included having children, salary requirements and flexible working patterns. An important factor, and unique to this research, was a commitment to working with children with SEN, and all respondents wanted to continue doing this in some capacity in the future. The paper concludes with the implications for policy and practice and considers possible strategies for maintaining teachers' resilience across their careers.
Dissociated time course recovery between rate of force development and peak torque after eccentric exercise
Authors: Molina Renato , Denadai Benedito S. 
Published: December 2011

SummaryThis study investigated the association between Isokinetic peak torque (PT) of quadriceps and the corresponding peak rate of force development (peak RFD) during the recovery of eccentric exercise. Twelve untrained men (aged 21·7 ± 2·3 year) performed 100 maximal eccentric contractions for knee extensors (10 sets of 10 repetitions with a 2‐min rest between each set) on isokinetic dynamometer. PT and peak RFD accessed by maximal isokinetic knee concentric contractions at 60° s−1 were obtained before (baseline) and at 24 and 48 h after eccentric exercise. Indirect markers of muscle damage included delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS) and plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity. The eccentric exercise resulted in elevated DOMS and CK compared with baseline values. At 24 h, PT (−15·3%, P = 0·002) and peak RFD (−13·1%, P = 0·03) decreased significantly. At 48 h, PT (−7·9%, P = 0·002) was still decreased but peak RFD have returned to baseline values. Positive correlation was found between PT and peak RFD at baseline (r = 0·62, P = 0·02), 24 h (r = 0·99, P = 0·0001) and 48 h (r = 0·68, P = 0·01) after eccentric exercise. The magnitude of changes (%) in PT and peak RFD from baseline to 24 h (r = 0·68, P = 0·01) and from 24 to 48 h (r = 0·68, P = 0·01) were significantly correlated. It can be concluded that the muscle damage induced by the eccentric exercise affects differently the time course of PT and peak RFD recovery during isokinetic concentric contraction at 60° s−1. During the recovery from exercise‐induced muscle damage, PT and peak RFD are determined but not fully defined by shared putative physiological mechanisms.
The juxtaposition of eclogite and mid‐crustal rocks in the Orlica–Śnieżnik Dome, Bohemian Massif
Authors: ŠTÍPSKÁ P. , CHOPIN F. , SKRZYPEK E. , SCHULMANN K. , PITRA P. , LEXA O. , MARTELAT J. E. , BOLLINGER C. , ŽÁČKOVÁ E. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractEclogite, felsic orthogneiss and garnet–staurolite metapelite occur in a 5 km long profile in the area of Międzygórze in the Orlica–Śnieżnik dome (Bohemian Massif). Petrographic observations and mineral equilibria modelling, in the context of detailed structural work, are used to document the close juxtaposition of high‐pressure and medium‐pressure rocks. The structural succession in all lithologies shows an early shallow‐dipping fabric, S1, that is folded by upright folds and overprinted by a heterogeneously developed subvertical foliation, S2. Late recumbent folds associated with a weak shallow‐dipping axial‐plane cleavage, S3, occur locally. The S1 fabric in the eclogite is defined by alternation of garnet‐rich (grs = 22–29 mol.%) and omphacite‐rich (jd = 33–36 mol.%) layers with oriented muscovite (Si = 3.26–3.31 p.f.u.) and accessory kyanite, zoisite, rutile and quartz, indicating conditions of ∼19–22 kbar and ∼700–750 °C. The assemblage in the retrograde S2 fabric is formed by amphibole, plagioclase, biotite and relict rutile surrounded by ilmenite and sphene that is compatible with decompression and cooling from ∼9 kbar and ∼730 °C to 5–6 kbar and 600–650 °C. The S3 fabric contains in addition domains with albite, chlorite, K‐feldspar and magnetite indicating cooling to greenschist facies conditions. The metapelites are composed of garnet, staurolite, muscovite, biotite, quartz, ilmenite and chlorite. Chemical zoning of garnet cores that contain straight ilmenite and staurolite inclusion trails oriented perpendicular to the external S2 fabric indicates prograde growth, from ∼5 kbar and ∼520 °C to ∼7 kbar and ∼610 °C, during the formation of the S1 fabric. Inclusion trails parallel with the S2 fabric at garnet and staurolite rims are interpreted to be a continuation of the prograde path to ∼7.5 and ∼630 °C in the S2 fabric. Matrix chlorite parallel to the S2 foliation indicates that the subvertical fabric was still active below 550 °C. The axial planar S2 fabrics developed during upright folding are associated with retrogression of the eclogite under amphibolite facies conditions, and with prograde evolution in the metapelites, associated with their juxtaposition. The shared part of the eclogite and metapelite P–T paths during the development of the subvertical fabric reflects their exhumation together.
Partial Aneurysmectomy is Effective in Managing Aneurysm‐associated Complications of Arteriovenous Fistulae for Hemodialysis: Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Almehmi Ammar , Wang Shouwen 
Published: December 2011

AbstractFistula aneurysms are commonly seen and usually do not affect fistula function for hemodialysis. However, these aneurysms are associated with complications that increase the risk of fistula bleeding and loss. The common feature of these complications is that the diseased tissues usually affect a localized area of an aneurysm. Accordingly, we developed a targeted intervention “partial aneurysmectomy” in which only the diseased area was resected. In this report, we sought to examine the outcomes of partial aneurysmectomies performed in 36 cases for the following indications: active bleeding (14%), skin scab plus fistula defect in imminent danger of bleeding (33%), skin necrosis and erosion (28%), and thin‐walled aneurysm in danger of rupture (25%). Postoperatively, all patients continued hemodialysis using their fistulae. During 2–18‐month follow‐up, all fistulae but one were functional and required no intervention on the repaired areas. At 6 months, the aneurysm primary patency, fistula primary patency, and fistula‐assisted primary patency rates were 97%, 56%, and 97%, respectively. In conclusion, partial aneurysmectomy is a simple and effective intervention for managing aneurysm‐associated complications and preserving fistula function. Owing to its advantages over other interventions, we recommend partial aneurysmectomy as first‐line choice for managing aneurysm‐associated complications.
Angioplasty and Stenting of a Jugular‐Carotid Fistula Resulting from the Inadvertent Placement of a Hemodialysis Catheter: Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Wadhwa Rishi , Toms Jamie , Nanda Anil , Abreo Kenneth , Cuellar Hugo 
Published: December 2011

AbstractHemodialysis catheterization through the right internal jugular vein (IJV) is widely used for mid‐ to long‐term hemodialysis for patients with renal failure. The purpose of this report is to address a serious complication in conjunction with this procedure. This is a case report of an iatrogenic jugular‐carotid fistula (JCF) and a method for rectifying such a vascular conundrum, using endovascular techniques. We describe the technique used to achieve closure of the fistula as well a review of the literature. An 82‐year‐old woman with history of congestive heart failure, chronic renal failure, and diabetes mellitus developed an iatrogenic arteriovenous fistula, following an attempt of canalizing the right IJV. The patient was treated using three different stents, which achieved closure of the fistula. Venous catheter misplacement into an artery is a serious complication. Early endovascular treatment should be considered for a JCF.
Treatment Outcomes of Secondarily Impetiginized Pediatric Atopic Dermatitis Lesions and the Role of Oral Antibiotics
Authors: Travers Jeffrey B. , Kozman Amal , Yao Yongxue , Ming Wenyu , Yao Weiguo , Turner Mathew J. , Kaplan Mark H. , Mousdicas Nico , Haggstrom Anita N. , Saha Chandan 
Published: December 2011

Abstract:  Patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) are predisposed to infection with Staphylococcus aureus, which worsens their skin disease; it has been postulated that the lack of antimicrobial peptides due to aberrant allergic inflammation in skin with AD could mediate this enhanced bacterial susceptibility. We sought to characterize the amounts of S. aureus and biological products found in infected AD lesions and whether treatment with topical corticosteroids and oral cephalexin as the only antimicrobial improved outcomes. Fifty‐nine children with clinically and S. aureus–positive impetiginized lesions of AD were enrolled in this study. A lesion was graded clinically using the Eczema Area and Severity Index, and wash fluid was obtained from the lesion for quantitative bacterial culture and antibiotic sensitivities and measurement of bacterial products and cytokines. Subjects were re‐evaluated 2 weeks after treatment. Improvement in the clinical and inflammatory characteristics of impetiginized lesions were noted, even in the 15% of lesions infected with Methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA). In a subgroup of subjects whose lesions did not contain S. aureus 2 weeks after initiating treatment, beta‐defensin levels were higher at both visits than in normal skin. Treatment of uncomplicated impetiginized pediatric AD with topical corticosteroids and cephalexin results in significant clinical improvement, even in subjects infected with MRSA. We propose that the inhibition of abnormal inflammation by the treatment regimen, resulting in the high levels of defensins, is involved in the improvement of AD and that systemic antibiotics do not appear to be necessary in secondary impetiginized AD.
The electroencephalogram of idiopathic generalized epilepsy
Authors: Seneviratne Udaya , Cook Mark , D’Souza Wendyl 
Published: December 2011

SummaryIdiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) is classified into several subsyndromes based on clinical and electroencephalography (EEG) features. The EEG signature of IGE is bisynchronous, symmetric, and generalized spike‐wave complex; although focal, irregular, and so called “fragments” of discharges are not uncommon. Other characteristic EEG features include polyspikes, polyspike‐wave discharges, occipital intermittent rhythmic delta activity, and photoparoxysmal response. Both human and animal data suggest involvement of the thalamus and the cortex in the generation of spike‐wave discharges in IGE. Circadian variations of generalized epileptiform discharges are well described, and these can be useful in diagnostic confirmation. Those discharges tend to occur more often after awakening and during cyclic alternating pattern phase‐A of non–rapid eye movement sleep. Activation procedures such as hyperventilation, intermittent photic stimulation, eye closure, and fixation‐off are useful techniques to increase the yield of both interictal and ictal EEG abnormalities. Although not in routine use, specific triggers such as pattern stimulation and cognitive tasks may also be of value in eliciting rare reflex seizure‐related EEG abnormalities. Variations of EEG abnormalities are evident between different electroclinical syndromes. EEG is also affected by certain external as well as internal factors, which should be borne in mind when interpreting EEG studies in IGE.
Low frequency stimulation of ventral hippocampal commissures reduces seizures in a rat model of chronic temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Rashid Saifur , Pho Gerald , Czigler Michael , Werz Mary A. , Durand Dominique M. 
Published: December 2011

SummaryPurpose:  To investigate the effects of low frequency stimulation (LFS) of a fiber tract for the suppression of spontaneous seizures in a rat model of human temporal lobe epilepsy.Methods:  Stimulation electrodes were implanted into the ventral hippocampal commissure (VHC) in a rat post‐status epilepticus (SE) model of human temporal lobe epilepsy (n = 7). Two recording electrodes were placed in the CA3 regions bilaterally and neural data were recorded for a minimum of 6 weeks. LFS (60 min train of 1 Hz biphasic square wave pulses, each 0.1 ms in duration and 200 μA in amplitude, followed by 15 min of rest) was applied to the VHC for 2 weeks, 24 h a day.Key Findings:  The baseline mean seizure frequency of the study animals was 3.7 seizures per day. The seizures were significantly reduced by the application of LFS in every animal (n = 7). By the end of the 2‐week period of stimulation, there was a significant, 90% (<1 seizure/day) reduction of seizure frequencies (p < 0.05) and a 57% reduction during the period following LFS (p < 0.05) when compared to baseline. LFS also resulted in a significant reduction of hippocampal interictal spike frequency (71%, p < 0.05), during 2 weeks of LFS session. The hippocampal histologic analysis showed no significant difference between rats that received LFS and SE induction and those that had received only SE‐induction. None of the animals showed any symptomatic hemorrhage, infection, or complication.Significance:  Low frequency stimulation applied at a frequency of 1 Hz significantly reduced both the excitability of the neural tissue as well as the seizure frequency in a rat model of human temporal lobe epilepsy. The results support the hypothesis that LFS of fiber tracts can be an effective method for the suppression of spontaneous seizures in a temporal lobe model of epilepsy in rats and could lead to the development of a new therapeutic modality for human patients with temporal lobe epilepsy.
How the Grass Became Greener in the City: On Urban Imaginings and Practices of Sustainable Living in Sweden
Authors: ISENHOUR CINDY 
Published: December 2011

AbstractFar removed from a direct connection to the land and environmental feedback, most urban inhabitants have little choice but to rely on external sources of information as they formulate their understanding of sustainability. This reliance on analytical, scientifically produced, and highly technical sources of information—such as life‐cycle analyses, carbon footprints and climate change projections—solidifies definitions of sustainable living centered on technological resource efficiencies while concentrating the power to define sustainability with experts and the industrial and political elite. Drawing on 14 months of ethnographic field work in and around Stockholm, Sweden, this paper explores how urban alienation shapes ideas about sustainable living among ecologically concerned citizen‐consumers and how the urban focus on efficiency has led many to argue that the grass is now greener in the city. Meanwhile this ethnographic research demonstrates that the efficiency‐based perspectives so dominant in urban settings are contested by other Swedes who argue that sustainable living also depends on localized connections to the land and communal self‐sufficiency. Despite these contrasting perspectives, research presented here suggests that these views are united in the Swedish context by a historically‐rooted concern for global equity. As such, the concept of “a fair share of environmental space” resonates with many Swedes who are concerned about human and environmental health, regardless of where they live or how they define or practice sustainable living.
Enhancement of Photoluminescence and Color Purity of CaTiO3:Eu Phosphor by Li Doping
Authors: Wu Yun‐Fang , Nien Yung‐Tang , Wang Yi‐Jhang , Chen In‐Gann 
Published: December 2011

High color purity red phosphors of Ca1−3/2xEuxTiO3 and Ca1−2xEuxLixTiO3 (0 < x ≤ 0.3) are synthesized via a solid‐state reaction method. The red emission photoluminescence intensity and color purity are enhanced by the incorporation of Li+ into CaTiO3:Eu3+. The Li+ doping increases the emission probability from 5D0 state, increases photoluminescence intensity by 1.6 times, increases color purity to 92.1%, and shortens the decay time. With increasing Eu3+ and Li+ content, the color coordinates approach the ideal red chromaticity values, coming closer than commercial Y2O2S:Eu3+ red phosphor.
Compositional Evolution of Calcium Silicate Hydrate (C–S–H) Structures by TotalX‐Ray Scattering
Authors: Soyer‐Uzun Sezen , Chae Sejung Rosie , Benmore Chris J. , Wenk Hans‐Rudolf , Monteiro Paulo J. M. 
Published: December 2011

High‐energyX‐ray diffraction was employed to study the structural characteristics of a set ofC–S–Hsamples with 0.6 ≤ C/S ≤ 1.75. It has been observed thatSiis tetrahedrally coordinated toOfor all samples irrespective of chemical composition and theCa–Ocoordination number gradually decreases from ~7 to ~6 with increasingC/Sratio. This suggests that theC–S–Hstructure evolves from a tobermorite‐like structure into a jennite‐like structure as a function of increasingC/Sratio as the interlayer space decreases from ~1.3 to ~1 nm. Evolution of these short‐ and medium‐range order structural characteristics in theC–S–Hsystem is associated with the alteration of theCa–Olayers and silicate depolymerization with increasingC/S.