bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Colonization history of the Swiss Rhine basin by the bullhead (Cottus gobio): inference under a Bayesian spatially explicit framework
Authors: NEUENSCHWANDER SAMUEL , LARGIADÈR CARLO R. , RAY NICOLAS , CURRAT MATHIAS , VONLANTHEN PASCAL , EXCOFFIER LAURENT 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe present distribution of freshwater fish in the Alpine region has been strongly affected by colonization events occurring after the last glacial maximum (LGM), some 20 000 years ago. We use here a spatially explicit simulation framework to model and better understand their colonization dynamics in the Swiss Rhine basin. This approach is applied to the European bullhead (Cottus gobio), which is an ideal model organism to study fish past demographic processes since it has not been managed by humans. The molecular diversity of eight sampled populations is simulated and compared to observed data at six microsatellite loci under an approximate Bayesian computation framework to estimate the parameters of the colonization process. Our demographic estimates fit well with current knowledge about the biology of this species, but they suggest that the Swiss Rhine basin was colonized very recently, after the Younger Dryas some 6600 years ago. We discuss the implication of this result, as well as the strengths and limits of the spatially explicit approach coupled to the approximate Bayesian computation framework.
Cross‐linking FtsZ polymers into coherent Z rings
Authors: Dajkovic Alex , Pichoff Sebastien , Lutkenhaus Joe , Wirtz Denis 
Published: September 2010

SummaryA key event in bacterial cytokinesis is the formation of the Z ring, which serves as a mechanical scaffold that recruits other cytokinetic proteins to establish functional divisomes. This scaffolding function of Z rings is essential throughout cytokinesis, but the underlying molecular interactions are poorly understood. Here we report that a widely conserved FtsZ binding protein, ZapA, has cytological, biochemical and biophysical properties that argue for the importance of cross‐linking interactions between FtsZ polymers in the coherence of Z rings. Escherichia coli zapA null mutant cells have Z rings that are structurally looser and many helical precursors of Z rings fail to coalesce into coherent rings. Biophysical behaviour of FtsZ in the presence of ZapA reveals that ZapA not only bundles, but also cross‐links FtsZ polymers, which makes it the first cross‐linking protein of the bacterial cytoskeleton. Cross‐linking in vitro occurs at the stoichiometry of FtsZ–ZapA interaction at the Z rings in vivo, where nearly all intracellular ZapA is dynamically associated. ZapA also stabilizes longitudinal bonds between FtsZ monomers since it promotes the polymerization of FtsZ mutants with lesions at the polymerization interface and since it reverses the inhibitory effects of SulA, a known antagonist of FtsZ longitudinal interactions.
Facies, cycles, and controls on the evolution of a keep‐up carbonate platform (Kimmeridgian, Swiss Jura)
Authors: COLOMBIÉ CLAUDE , STRASSER ANDRE 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDuring the Late Jurassic, accelerated ocean‐floor spreading and associated sea‐level rise were responsible for a worldwide transgression, which reached its maximum in the Late Kimmeridgian. In many Western European basins, this major sea‐level rise led to the formation of marly and condensed sections. In the Swiss Jura, however, a shallow carbonate platform kept growing and only subtle changes in the stratigraphic record suggest an increasingly open‐marine influence. Field observations and thin‐section analyses reveal that the central Swiss Jura was at that time occupied by tidal flats and by more or less open marine lagoons where shoals and bioherms developed. The evolution through time of sedimentary facies and bed thicknesses permits the definition of small‐, medium‐, and large‐scale depositional sequences. The diagnostic features of these sequences are independent of scale and seem largely controlled by the Kimmeridgian second‐order transgression. A high‐resolution sequence‐stratigraphic correlation with biostratigraphically well‐dated hemipelagic and pelagic sections in the Vocontian Basin in France reveals that: (i) The most important increase in accommodation recorded in the Kimmeridgian of the central Swiss Jura occurs in the Eudoxus ammonite zone (Late Kimmeridgian) and corresponds to the second‐order maximum flooding recognized in many sedimentary basins. (ii) The small‐ and medium‐scale sequences have time durations corresponding to the first and second orbital eccentricity cycle (i.e. 100 and 400 ka, respectively), suggesting that sedimentation on the platform and in the basin was at least partly controlled by cyclic environmental changes induced by insolation variations in the Milankovitch frequency band. The comparison of the high‐resolution temporal framework defined in the Swiss Jura and Vocontian Basin with the sequence‐stratigraphic interpretation realized in other Western European basins shows that the large‐scale sequence boundaries defined in the Kimmeridgian of the Swiss Jura appear in comparable biostratigraphic positions in most Western European basins. Discrepancies that occur are probably because of local or regional tectonics.
Hindered settling of sand grains
Authors: TOMKINS MATT R. , BALDOCK TOM E. , NIELSEN PETER 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe sedimentation rate of sand grains in the hindered settling regime has been considered to assess particle shape effects. The behaviour of various particulate systems involving sand has been compared with the widely used Richardson–Zaki expression. The general form of the expression is found to hold, in as much as remaining as a suitable means to describe the hindered settling of irregular particles. The sedimentation exponent n in the Richardson–Zaki expression is found to be significantly larger for natural sand grains than for regular particles. The hindered settling effect is therefore greater, leading to lower concentration gradients than expected. The effect becomes more pronounced with increasing particle irregularity. At concentrations around 0·4, the hindered settling velocity of fine and medium natural sands reduces to about 70% of the value predicted using existing empirical expressions for n. Using appropriate expressions for the fluidization velocity and the clear water settling velocity, a simple method is discussed to evaluate the sedimentation exponent and to determine the hindered settling effect for sands of various shapes.
Giant calcite‐cemented concretions, Dakota Formation, central Kansas, USA
Authors: MCBRIDE EARLE F. , MILLIKEN KITTY L. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractGiant spheroidal concretions (cannonball concretions; some nearly 6 m in diameter) in fluvial channel‐fill sandstones at two localities of the Dakota Sandstone formed by import of cement constituents at a burial depth of <1 km. During cannonball concretion growth a self‐organizational process restricted concretions to a relatively few but widely spaced, and locally, evenly spaced, sites. Other forms of calcite cements at these localities are cement patches in the form of intergrown grape‐size concretions (grapestone), and, locally, pervasive cement. An early episode of invasion by thermogenically generated H2S, which reacted with iron oxides on detrital grains, generated scattered pyrite crystals and decimetre‐scale spheroidal pyrite concretions. Intergranular volumes (IGV) in the concretions range from 36% to 27%. The absence of a trend in IGV and of carbon and oxygen‐isotope ratios from cannonball centres to margins indicates that these concretions did not cement progressively outwards from the centre. Rather, the modern spheres represent the spatial extent of nucleation sites that were not otherwise organized within that volume. Carbon and oxygen‐isotope values for concretion calcites plot along a swath between depleted values of δ18C of −36‰ and δ18O of −13‰ and enriched values of −4‰ and −6‰, respectively. Four groups of calcites are evident on the basis of trace‐element content and suggest that the calcite precipitated across a range of oxidation conditions that do not correlate strongly with the isotopic compositions. Although fluvial overbank sandstones have some pedogenic calcite, the channel sandstones have at most a trace of pedogenic calcite and carbonate rock fragments, so that the bulk of cement components were imported to the sandstones. Carbon and calcium sources for calcite cement include marine limestone, carbonate shells, and anhydrite in addition to HCO derived from oxidized methane, most likely derived from beds underlying or laterally in communication with Dakota sandstones. HCO in ascending formation waters, released during compaction, mixed with meteoric water whose temperature and composition varied with time, to generate the 7‰ range in δ18Ocalcite values measured.
Radical cystectomy for patients with pT4 urothelial carcinoma in a large population‐based study
Authors: Liberman Daniel , Alasker Ahmed , Sun Maxine , Ismail Salima , Lughezzani Giovanni , Jeldres Claudio , Budaus Lars , Thuret Rodolphe , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Widmer Hugues , Perrotte Paul , Graefen Markus , Montorsi Francesco , Karakiewicz Pierre I. 
Published: September 2010

Study Type – Therapy (cohort) Level of Evidence 2b What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? Given the natural history of pT4 urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder, and the substantially poorer survival of pT4 patients relative to pT3, it may be argued that radical cystectomy is not justified in these patients.Relying on a large population‐based retrospective analysis, the current study identified two main categories of patients with pT4 urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder. The first comprised of patients with pT4b disease, whose disease phenotype was clearly more aggressive than their pT3 counterparts. The second group consisted of patients with pT4a disease, whose disease phenotype was very similar to patients with pT3.These findings indicate that patients with pT4b disease should be provided with the maximal amount of therapeutic interventions, such as administration of early adjuvant chemotherapy and perhaps early adjuvant radiotherapy.OBJECTIVE

To examine cancer‐specific mortality (CSM) in patients with pT4N0–3M0 urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder (UCUB) and to compare it to patients with pT3N0–3M0, in a population‐based cohort treated with radical cystectomy (RC).

PATIENTS AND METHODS

RCs were performed in 5625 pT3‐T4bN0–3M0 patients with UCUB within 17 Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) registries between 1988 and 2006.
Univariable and multivariable models tested the effect of pT4a vs pT4b vs pT3 stages on CSM.
Covariates consisted of age, gender, race, lymph node status and SEER registries.
All analyses were repeated in 3635 pN0 patients.

RESULTS

Of 5625 patients, 2043 (36.3%) had pT4aN0–3, 248 (4.4%) had pT4bN0–3 and 3334 had pT3N0–3 (59.3%) UCUB.
The 5‐year CSM was 57.6% vs 81.7% vs 53.9% for, respectively, pT4aN0–3 vs pT4bN0–3 vs pT3N0–3 patients (all log‐rank P= 0.008).
In multivariable analyses the rate of CSM was 2.3‐fold higher in pT4b vs pT3 (P < 0.001), 1.1‐fold higher in pT4a vs pT3 (P= 0.002) and 2.0‐fold higher in pT4a vs pT4b patients.
After restriction to pN0 stage, pT4b patients had a 2.3‐fold higher rate of CSM than pT3 patients (P < 0.001) and pT4b patients had a 2.1‐fold higher rate of CSM than pT4a patients (P < 0.001).
The CSM rate was the same for pT4a and pT3 patients (P= 0.1).

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings indicate that patients with pT4a UCUB have similar CSM as those with pT3 UCUB.
Consequently, RC should be given equal consideration in patients with pT3 and pT4a UCUB.
Autistic symptomatology and language ability in autism spectrum disorder and specific language impairment
Authors: Loucas Tom , Charman Tony , Pickles Andrew , Simonoff Emily , Chandler Susie , Meldrum David , Baird Gillian 
Published: September 2010

Background:  Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and specific language impairment (SLI) are common developmental disorders characterised by deficits in language and communication. The nature of the relationship between them continues to be a matter of debate. This study investigates whether the co‐occurrence of ASD and language impairment is associated with differences in severity or pattern of autistic symptomatology or language profile.Methods:  Participants (N = 97) were drawn from a total population cohort of 56,946 screened as part of study to ascertain the prevalence of ASD, aged 9 to 14 years. All children received an ICD‐10 clinical diagnosis of ASD or No ASD. Children with nonverbal IQ ≥80 were divided into those with a language impairment (language score of 77 or less) and those without, creating three groups: children with ASD and a language impairment (ALI; N = 41), those with ASD and but no language impairment (ANL; N = 31) and those with language impairment but no ASD (SLI; N = 25).Results:  Children with ALI did not show more current autistic symptoms than those with ANL. Children with SLI were well below the threshold for ASD. Their social adaptation was higher than the ASD groups, but still nearly 2 SD below average. In ALI the combination of ASD and language impairment was associated with weaker functional communication and more severe receptive language difficulties than those found in SLI. Receptive and expressive language were equally impaired in ALI, whereas in SLI receptive language was stronger than expressive.Conclusions:  Co‐occurrence of ASD and language impairment is not associated with increased current autistic symptomatology but appears to be associated with greater impairment in receptive language and functional communication.
Aversive Effects of Ethanol in Adolescent Versus Adult Rats: Potential Causes and Implication for Future Drinking
Authors: Schramm‐Sapyta Nicole L. , DiFeliceantonio Alexandra G. , Foscue Ethan , Glowacz Susan , Haseeb Naadeyah , Wang Nancy , Zhou Cathy , Kuhn Cynthia M. 
Published: September 2010

Background:  Many people experiment with alcohol and other drugs of abuse during their teenage years. Epidemiological evidence suggests that younger initiates into drug taking are more likely to develop problematic drug seeking behavior, including binge and other high‐intake behaviors. The level of drug intake for any individual depends on the balance of rewarding and aversive effects of the drug in that individual. Multiple rodent studies have demonstrated that aversive effects of drugs of abuse are reduced in adolescent compared to adult animals. In this study, we addressed 2 key questions: First, do reduced aversive effects of ethanol in younger rats correlate with increased ethanol consumption? Second, are the reduced aversive effects in adolescents attributable to reduced sensitivity to ethanol’s physiologic effects?Methods:  Adolescent and adult rats were tested for ethanol conditioned taste aversion (CTA) followed by a voluntary drinking period, including postdeprivation consumption. Multivariate regression was used to assess correlations. In separate experiments, adolescent and adult rats were tested for their sensitivity to the hypothermic and sedative effects of ethanol, and for blood ethanol concentrations (BECs).Results:  We observed that in adolescent rats but not adults, taste aversion was inversely correlated with postdeprivation consumption. Adolescents also exhibited a greater increase in consumption after deprivation than adults. Furthermore, the age difference in ethanol CTA was not attributable to differences in hypothermia, sedation, or BECs.Conclusions:  These results suggest that during adolescence, individuals that are insensitive to aversive effects are most likely to develop problem drinking behaviors. These results underscore the importance of the interaction between developmental stage and individual variation in sensitivity to alcohol.
The Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale Is a Valid Measure of Alcohol Craving in Young Adults
Authors: Connor Jason P. , Feeney Gerald F. X. , Jack Alyssa , Young Ross McD. 
Published: September 2010

Background:  Alcohol craving is associated with greater alcohol‐related problems and less favorable treatment prognosis. The Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS) is the most widely used alcohol craving instrument. The OCDS has been validated in adults with alcohol use disorders (AUDs), which typically emerge in early adulthood. This study examines the validity of the OCDS in a nonclinical sample of young adults.Methods:  Three hundred and nine college students (mean age of 21.8 years, SD = 4.6 years) completed the OCDS, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), and measures of alcohol consumption. Subjects were randomly allocated to 2 samples. Construct validity was examined via exploratory factor analysis (n = 155) and confirmatory factor analysis (n = 154). Concurrent validity was assessed using the AUDIT and measures of alcohol consumption. A second, alcohol‐dependent sample (mean age 42 years, SD 12 years) from a previously published study (n = 370) was used to assess discriminant validity.Results:  A unique young adult OCDS factor structure was validated, consisting of Interference/Control, Frequency of Obsessions, Alcohol Consumption and Resisting Obsessions/Compulsions. The young adult 4‐factor structure was significantly associated with the AUDIT and alcohol consumption. The 4 factor OCDS successfully classified nonclinical subjects in 96.9% of cases and the older alcohol‐dependent patients in 83.7% of cases. Although the OCDS was able to classify college nonproblem drinkers (AUDIT <13, n = 224) with 83.2% accuracy, it was no better than chance (49.4%) in classifying potential college problem drinkers (AUDIT score ≥13, n = 85).Conclusions:  Using the 4‐factor structure, the OCDS is a valid measure of alcohol craving in young adult populations. In this nonclinical set of students, the OCDS classified nonproblem drinkers well but not problem drinkers. Studies need to further examine the utility of the OCDS in young people with alcohol misuse.
Failure Mode and Bending Moment of Canine Pancarpal Arthrodesis Constructs Stabilized with Two Different Implant Systems
Authors: WININGER FRED A. , KAPATKIN AMY S. , RADIN ALEX , SHOFER FRANCES S. , SMITH GAIL K. 
Published: September 2010

Objective— To compare failure mode and bending moment of a canine pancarpal arthrodesis construct using either a 2.7 mm/3.5 mm hybrid dynamic compression plate (HDCP) or a 3.5 mm dynamic compression plate (DCP).Study Design— Paired in vitro biomechanical testing of canine pancarpal arthrodesis constructs stabilized with either a 2.7/3.5 HDCP or 3.5 DCP.Sample Population— Paired cadaveric canine antebrachii (n=5).Methods— Pancarpal arthrodesis constructs were loaded to failure (point of maximum load) in 4‐point bending using a materials‐testing machine. Using this point of failure, bending moments were calculated from system variables for each construct and the 2 plating systems compared using a paired t‐test. To examine the relationship between metacarpal diameter and screw diameter failure loads, linear regression was used and Pearson' correlation coefficient was calculated. Significance was set at P<.05.Results— HDCP failed at higher loads than DCP for 9 of 10 constructs. The absolute difference in failure rates between the 2 plates was 0.552±0.182 N m, P=.0144 (95% confidence interval: −0.58 to 1.68). This is an 8.1% mean difference in bending strength. There was a significant linear correlation r=0.74 (P‐slope=.014) and 0.8 (P‐slope=.006) between metacarpal diameter and failure loads for the HDCP and 3.5 DCP, respectively.Conclusion— There was a small but significant difference between bending moment at failure between 2.7/3.5 HDCP and 3.5 DCP constructs; however, the difference may not be clinically evident in all patients.Clinical Relevance— The 2.7/3.5 HDCP has physical and mechanical properties making it a more desirable plate for pancarpal arthrodesis.
A novel HLA‐DRB1*15 allelic sequence isolated from the Han population of Guangdong, China
Authors: Hu Z. H. , Liu Z. H. , Xiong Y. J. , Zhu Q. Y. , Fu Y. G. , Liu Y. L. , Xu A. L. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryA novel DRB1*15 allele, DRB1*1516, has been identified in a Guangdong Han individual. Its sequence was confirmed by sequencing of polymerase chain reaction products and clones. This allele differed by one nucleotide from DRB1*150101 at position 220 (G→A), resulting in an amino acid substitution from Gly to Arg at codon 45.
Epistatic effect of C‐reactive protein (CRP) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) +1059 and interleukin‐1B SNP +3954 on CRP concentration in healthy male blood donors
Authors: Eklund C. , Lehtimäki T. , Hurme M. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryBaseline C‐reactive protein (CRP) concentrations are indicative of persons prone to cardiovascular diseases and are about 40–50% heritable. We have previously shown that interleukin (IL)‐1B +3954 allele T is associated with lower CRP concentration. In this study, we aimed to examine the effect of this polymorphism together with the CRP +1059 gene polymorphism on baseline CRP concentrations, and genotyped 336 healthy blood donors for CRP +1059 (G→C) and IL‐1B +3954 (C→T) polymorphisms. In men, the carriers of the CRP +1059 C‐allele had significantly lower CRP values than GG homozygotes (0.66 versus 0.43 mg l−1, up to −35%, P = 0.009). No significant difference was found in women. When the data were stratified for both of these polymorphisms in men, CRP +1059 GG homozygotes had low CRP concentrations only if they were allele‐T carriers of IL‐1B +3954 simultaneously (0.93 versus 0.50 mg l−1, P = 0.013). Genotype CRP +1059 GG/IL‐1B +3954 CC was associated with an almost 3‐fold risk of a higher baseline CRP value [odds ratio (OR) 2.84 (CI 1.03–6.07)]. Thus, both IL‐1B +3954 (C→T) and CRP +1059 (G→C) polymorphisms influence baseline CRP values and act independently of each other in male subjects. These polymorphisms might be predictive markers of persons prone to cardiovascular diseases.
Distribution of KIR genes in the Czech population
Authors: Pavlova Y. , Kolesar L. , Striz I. , Jabor A. , Slavcev A. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryKiller cells immunoglobulin‐like receptors (KIRs) are a family of inhibitory and activating receptors expressed mainly by natural killer (NK) cells and few subsets of T lymphocytes. KIRs regulate NK cells’ activity through interactions with specific HLA class I molecules and other yet unknown ligands presented on target cells. At present, 17 KIR genes and pseudogenes have been identified. As the number of KIR genes in different haplotypes varies, a wide range of genotypes in different ethnic populations may be observed. In our study, 125 healthy non‐related Czech individuals were KIR typed both by sequence‐specific primers and by sequence‐specific oligonucleotide KIR genotyping methods. Thirty‐eight different genotypes were observed in the Czech population and all 16 KIR genes known to date were found. Framework genes KIR 3DL3, KIR 2DL4, KIR 3DL2 and the pseudogene KIR 3DP1 were present in all individuals. The most frequent non‐framework KIR genes detected in the Czech population were: KIR 2DL1 (95%), KIR 3DL1 (94%), KIR 2DS4 (92%) and the pseudogene 2DP1 (94%). Human leucocyte antigen (HLA)‐C typing demonstrated prevalence of the C1/C2 heterozygosity (43%) and C1 homozygosity (41%) over the C2 heterozygosity. One hundred and twenty individuals from our panel carried at least one inhibitory KIR for the corresponding HLA‐C group found in the genotype. Gene frequencies and found genotypes demonstrated similarity of the Czech population's KIR repertoire with the KIR repertoires of other Caucasian populations studied before.