bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PRODUCTION TRIALS FOR MONOCULTURE AND POLYCULTURE OF WHITE SHRIMP (Penaeus vannamei) OR BLUE SHRIMP (P. stylirostris) WITH FLORIDA POMPANO (Trachinotus carolinus) IN ALABAMA, 1978–1979
Authors: Trimble W. C. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTWhite shrimp (Penaeus vannamei), blue shrimp (P. stylirostris), and Florida pompano (Trachinotus carolinus) were reared in 0.08‐ha, managed nursery and monoculture and polyculture production ponds in coastal Alabama.In Trial I during 1978, a white shrimp nursery pond culled for production stock then continued for 140 days produced 2,331 kg/ha of shrimp averaging 12.0 g with a feed conversion of 1.2. Yield of white shrimp from 3 monoculture production ponds stocked at 25,000 shrimp/ha and managed for 63 days averaged 193 kg/ha with 63% survival, 3.8 feed conversion, and 11.9 g mean weight. Yield of pompano from 2 monoculture production ponds stocked at 4,925 fish/ha and maintained for 33 days averaged 23 kg/ha with 38% survival, 5.5 feed conversion, and 15 g mean weight. In polyculture, yield of white shrimp and pompano averaged 265 kg/ha with 0.9 feed conversion. The shrimp averaged 11.2 g with 90% survival, and the pompano averaged 14 g with 21% survival.In Trial II during 1979, a blue shrimp nursery pond stocked at 500,000 postlarvae/ha and managed for 47 days produced 864 kg/ha of shrimp averaging 1.8 g with 96% survival and 2.1 feed conversion. Yield from one nursery pond stocked at 165,025 fish/ha with graded pompano and maintained for 55 days was 601 kg/ha of pompano averaging 5.1 g with 71% survival and 3.0 feed conversion. Yield of blue shrimp from 3 production ponds stocked at 82,813 shrimp/ha and managed for 149 days averaged 904 kg/ha of shrimp averaging 16.0 g with 70% survival and 4.5 feed conversion. Yield of pompano from 3 monoculture pompano ponds stocked at 10,000 fish/ha and managed for 106 days averaged 741 kg/ha with 67% survival, 3.9 feed conversion, and 106 g mean weight. In polyculture, yield of blue shrimp and pompano averaged 1,285 kg/ha with 3.0 feed conversion. The shrimp averaged 14.1 g with 63% survival, and the pompano averaged 75 g with 74% survival. Crops of blue shrimp in monoculture and blue shrimp and pompano in polyculture had positive economic returns.
WATER REUSE AQUACULTURE SYSTEMS IN TWO SOLAR GREENHOUSES IN NORTHERN VERMONT
Authors: Pierce Barry A. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTSmall‐scale aquaculture systems serve the dual functions of winter food production and thermal storage in passive solar greenhouses in north central Vermont, one of the coldest, cloudiest regions in the continental USA. Each system is designed with low‐cost materials, minimal labor and solar technologies applicable to the economics of cold water fisheries in New England. In a hybrid solar greenhouse having both active and passive collectors, two biological filters with gravel substrate planted with vegetables grown hydroponically serve to remove ammonia and some nitrate wastes from a polyculture of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and Israeli carp (Cyprinus carpio) in a 4,920 liter septic tank. Productivities of fish and plants grown hydroponically in two preliminary experiments using this system are discussed.In another passive solar greenhouse a 2,839 liter tank of 1.9 cm plywood is connected to a subgravel biological filter with a stack for foam fractionation removal of organic matter. Productivity and growth rates of a native species polyculture of chain pickerel (Esox niger), pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus), yellow perch (Perca flavescens) and white suckers (Catostomus commersoni) as well as a monoculture of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) is discussed. The development of small‐scale aquaculture in northern New England is discussed in terms of these two research models.
REMOVAL OF ORGANICS FROM FISH CULTURE WATER BY FOAM FRACTIONATION1
Authors: Lawson Thomas B. , Wheaton Fredrick W. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTFoam fractionation is one alternative for purifying water in closed cycle aquacultural systems. The concentration and removal of proteins, enzymes and other dissolved organic materials are examples of foam fractionation application.Research efforts in recent years have attempted to apply the foam fractionation process to many types of culture systems, both marine and fresh water, with varying success. Although the process appears to function better in marine systems, foam fractionation also has merit as a purification process in fresh water systems.The parameters affecting fractionator efficiency are many and varied. Fractionator performance appears to be more or less site specific, but a few of the physical parameters, notably flow rate, fractionator dimensions and gas injection technique, may be controlled.For several years researchers at the University of Maryland have been experimenting with fractionator design in an attempt to optimize efficiency. Orifices and venturi tubes of varying sizes were used to inject air into a fractionator column to study the effects on efficiency. Design equations were developed to express the efficiency changes brought about by several physical parameters. These equations predicted the results of prototype fractionator systems with reasonable accuracy.
ESTIMATION OF SHRIMP POPULATIONS IN EXPERIMENTAL PONDS USING MARK‐RECAPTURE AND STRATIFIED RANDOM SAMPLING METHODS
Authors: Hutchins David L. , Chamberlain George W. , Parker Jack C. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTReliable estimates of survival of organisms in ponds is essential for efficient management of feeding programs and harvesting schedules. However, accurate population estimates are seldom obtained on a routine basis because of the complexities of most sampling procedures. Two sampling techniques for estimating populations ofPenaeus vannameiin ponds were investigated during the summer and fall of 1978. The Peterson mark‐recapture procedure resulted in a population estimate that was only 5.9% in excess of the actual population number. However, because the number of marked animals rapidly declined due to molting or mortality, sequential population estimates based on the same group of marked animals was not feasible. The second sampling technique, involving simple random sampling with a cast net within specified areas (strata) of the pond, was more streamlined than the mark‐recapture method, because the marking process was avoided. A significant linear relationship (r2= 0.64) was found between the mean catch per cast and the actual population at harvest in 13 ponds tested using the stratified random sampling method. Subsequent use of this relationship as a predictive tool for estimating populations in 7 ponds based on mean catch per cast yielded estimates with an average deviation of 11.6% greater than the actual population.
ECONOMICS OF Artemia NAUPLII USE IN AQUACULTURE
Authors: Prescott S. R. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThe real cost of Artemia nauplii to the commercial fish farmer is seldom calculated with any precision, so that the price per million of living nauplii fed to the larvae shows variations by a factor up to 10, when objective comparisons are made on a scientific basis. When the results are toward the higher end of this equation, it can make substantial inroads into a company's profit. In addition, the advantages of decapsulation are either not appreciated or in many cases the process is carried out in an imprecise manner with results not properly tabulated leading to negative benefits. This paper will endeavor to set out some of the techniques required for good management and show the potential pitfalls along with the substantial financial benefits which can be obtained by application of good methodology.
COMPARISON OF WIRE CAGES AND NET CAGES FOR THE CULTURE OF BLACK DRUM (Pogonias cromis)
Authors: Ojeda Gabriel M. , Strawn Kirk 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTBlack drum (Pogonias cromis) were cultured in 6.0 m3 net cages made of knotless nylon coated with vinyl containing antifouling compounds and in 1.08 m3 floating cylindrical wire cages made of plastic coated wire. The culture site was a cooling lake receiving from a power plant warm brackish effluent in which fouling organisms grow particularly well because of the high temperatures. Black drum grew slightly better in the net cages than in the wire cages. The coating on the net cages prevented fouling without inhibiting growth of the fish. Net cages are recommended for the culture of fish because they are cheaper, foul less, require less labor and better withstand bad weather compared to wire cages.
TOLERANCE AND RESPONSES OF NORMAL AND DISEASED LOGGERHEAD TURTLES (Caretta caretta) TO SOME CHEMOTHERAPEUTICS1
Authors: Leong J. K. , Wheeler R. S. , Lansford L. M. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTNo external injury was observed in early hatchlings of the loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) when they were bathed for 10 days in seawater containing either of the following chemicals: Potassium permanganate (0.1 to 0.4 ppm), Formalin (25 to 400 ppm), and malachite green (0.1 to 0.4 ppm). The following concentrations produced toxic or irritating effects: Potassium permanganate, 0.4 and 0.8 ppm; Formalin, 800 ppm; and malachite green, 0.8 ppm and 1.6 ppm.Thirty‐five‐day‐old loggerhead hatchlings survived subcutaneous injections (10 days) of penicillin G (2,500 to 20,000 units/100 g body wt/day) or gentamicin (0.5 to 0.4 mg/100 g/day). Gentamicin appeared toxic at dosages greater than 0.05 mg/100 g.Coupled with 7‐day Formalin bath treatments, subcutaneous injections of either ampicillin or chloramphenicol for 3 weeks produced survival rates of 87.5% and 62.5% in loggerhead hatchlings afflicted with papillary eruption disease and emaciation. Only 20% of the control (untreated) animals survived, and they were in very poor condition at the conclusion of the experiment. Although injection with chloramphenicol plus bath treatments with methylene blue resulted in a 70% survival of medicated turtles, the overall appearance of the animals was poor. The results indicate that among the 3 drug combinations tested, the ampicillin‐Formalin combination should be the preferred treatment of papillary eruption disease, chloramphenicol‐Formalin a second choice, and chloramphenicol‐methylene blue the last alternative.
PLASMA CORTICOSTEROID AND ELECTROLYTE DYNAMICS OF HYBRID STRIPED BASS (WHITE BASS x STRIPED BASS) DURING NETTING AND HAULING
Authors: Tomasso J. R. , Davis Kenneth B. , Parker Nick C. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTStriped bass hybrids (Morone chrysops female x Morone saxatilis male) confined in a net for 10 minutes had significantly elevated corticosteroid levels (24.2 † 5.4 μg/100 ml) and significant hyperchloremia (150.02 † 2.7 meq/liter), in comparison with baseline levels of 0.8 † 0.1 μg/100 ml and 132.6 † 1.5 meq/liter, respectively. Hauling hybrids for 2 hours in freshwater significantly elevated corticosteroid levels (12.2 † 1.2 μg/100 ml) and reduced chloride levels (119.8 † 1.4 meq/liter). Corticosteroid levels remained high and hypochloremia developed within 24 hours after both netting and hauling. Although netting and hauling in 25 mg/liter MS‐2223 or 10 g/liter NaC1 prevented chloride depletion during the stress, hypochloremia developed within 72 hours after the fish were transferred to freshwater. The development of hypochloremia several hours after handling indicates that hybrid bass that survive the initial stress do not necessarily recover, but may die in the days following handling. Fish anesthetized in 50 mg/liter MS‐222 for 15 minutes prior to handling followed by hauling in water containing a combination of 25 mg/liter MS‐222 and 10 g/liter NaCl did not develop hypochloremia within 72 hours after hauling; plasma corticosteroids were elevated during transport, but returned to nearly normal levels within 24 hours. This combination of 25 mg/liter MS‐222 and 10 g/liter salt was the most successful handling medium tested.
CANNIBALISM BY CULTURED TOPMINNOWS (FAMILY POECILIIDAE)1
Authors: Baldwin Wayne J. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTTwo topminnows (Poecilia vittata and P. mexicana) were investigated to determine rate of cannibalism and infanticide on conspecific young. Studies demonstrated cannibalism ranged from 0 to 100%. Fry are usually released during hours of darkness, are photonegative, show little color preference, aggregate in aquaria at greatest distance from adults for 24 to 36 hours, and seek cover when available. Use of plastic raffia with submersible screened fry traps significantly improved harvesting success.
RELATIONSHIPS AMONG DIETARY LIPIDS, TISSUE LIPIDS, AND GROWTH IN JUVENILE LOBSTERS
Authors: D'Abramo L. R. , Bordner C. E. , Daggett G. R. , Conklin D. E. , Baum N. A. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThe inclusion of oils (6% dry weight) in a purified diet fed to juvenile lobsters for 60 days caused a significant increase in growth. When four purified diets containing tuna, corn, or cod liver oils in various combinations were fed to juvenile lobsters for 120 days, no significant differences in growth were observed. Growth data do suggest that the inclusion of oils rich in ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids could significantly increase growth rates.Juvenile lobsters fed purified diets stored large amounts of lipid in the hepatopancreas, 21.5 to 25.6% of the hepatopancreatic wet weight. Only 1.01 to 3.23% of the remaining body weight was lipid. The inclusion of marine fish oils in the purified diets affected lipid deposition and metabolism. The lipid extracted from the hepatopancreas had neutral/polar ratios averaging 3.4; lipids extracted from the remaining parts had ratios averaging 0.6. In general the fatty acid composition of the neutral and polar lipids of the hepatopancreas and remaining bodies reflected that of the purified diets. Polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly 20:5ω3 and 22:6ω3 derived from the oil ingredients, were accumulated and preferentially incorporated into the polar lipid of the remaining body. Data suggest the presence of a biosynthetic pathway whereby neutral lipids are formed from polar lipids as well as the lobster's poor ability to produce polyunsaturated fatty acids via elongation and desaturation reactions of pre‐existing compounds.
THE EFFECTS OF SUPPLEMENTING PURIFIED PROTEINS WITH LIMITING ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS ON GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF JUVENILE LOBSTERS (Homarus americanus)1
Authors: Mason E. G. , Castell J. D. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTTwelve and 16 week feeding studies were conducted to determine the effects of supplementing casein, and cod fish protein concentrate (FPC) based diets respectively with various pure amino acids. The amino acids added were considered to be potentially limiting when comparing casein or FPC relative to the amino acid composition of juvenile lobster protein. Casein was supplemented with combinations of arginine, glycine, lysine, threonine and tryptophan and FPC with histidine, lysine, and tryptophan. Glutamine was used to adjust the nitrogen levels in the diets. Results indicated that supplementation with glycine, a non‐essential as determined in tracer studies, is not beneficial in casein based diets. Threonine is the limiting amino acid in casein, while histidine and/or tryptophan appear to be limiting in FPC.
THE NUTRITIONAL RESPONSE OF TWO PENAEID SPECIES TO VARIOUS LEVELS OF SQUID MEAL IN A PREPARED FEED1
Authors: Fenucci Jorge L. , Zein‐Eldin Zoula P. , Lawrence Addison L. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTSeveral pelletized feeds containing 30–35% total protein were tested on two penaeid species, Penaeus stylirostris and P. setiferus. Alginate bound test diets varied in protein composition but all diets contained about 30% sun‐dried shrimp meal. Following initial testing with diets containing up to 13% squid meal, further test diets varied in percentage of squid meal between 0 and 12.7, and in α‐soy flour between 0 and 12.4. One test diet replaced these components with 12.5% brewer's yeast.Conversion rates, survival, and growth were determined during a 3‐week period, both in the two species and in two sizes of P. stylirostris.Comparisons of the various diets between the two species suggest that the presence of 5–6% squid meal is advantageous in feeds of about 30–35% total protein.
THE EFFECT OF PROCESSING ON PROTEIN INGREDIENTS FOR LARVAL DIETS: BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION
Authors: Gabaudan Jacques , Pigott George M. , Halver John E. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThe effect of four drying methods on the protein digestibility and metabolizable energy of krill and brine shrimp was studied using the metabolism chamber procedure and rainbow trout as test animals. At attempt was also made to determine the influence of acidity on the nutritive quality of fish protein hydrolysate (FPH). A purified test diet (casein‐gelatin mixture) was used as the control. Freeze drying, vacuum drying and drum drying were found to have no significant effect on the protein digestibility and metabolizable energy values of krill and brine shrimp while oven drying drastically decreased these values. Krill, brine shrimp and FPH protein digestibility values were high and compared favorably with the casein‐gelatin mixture of the control. Acidity had no effect on the protein digestibility and metabolizable energy of FPH.
REPORT ON FURTHER STUDIES BY THE LARVAL FEED PROGRAM AT THE UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON, COLLEGE OF FISHERIES
Authors: Tucker Barbee W. , Pigott George M. , Halver John E. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTIn addition to the digestibility studies reported in the previous paper (Gabaudan et al. 1980), amino acid analyses were conducted on the protein feed ingredients and test diets utilizing these ingredients. Triplicate samples were hydrolyzed and analyzed on a Beckman 120C model amino acid analyzer. Results are shown in Tables 1, 2 and 3. As with the digestibility studies, no significant differences in amino acid profiles were found between acidic or neutralized fish protein hydrolysate. The profiles of brine shrimp and krill show significant differences in essential amino acids only with oven drying. Lysine, in particular, is decreased. Although preparatory hydrolysis could interfere with detection of processing damage, these data do correlate with the digestibility data.
AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF THE TAIL MUSCLE OF Macrobrachium rosenbergii–COMPARISON TO AMINO ACID PATTERNS OF SUPPLEMENTED COMMERCIAL FEED PELLETS
Authors: Farmanfarmaian A. , Lauterio T. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThe amino acid patterns of the commercial feed Purina Marine Ration, a reconstituted feed repelletized from the commercial ration after addition of binder, and the fresh tail muscle of Macrobrachium rosenbergii were compared by computing the normalized % ratio for each amino acid. The muscle was appreciably lower in glutamic acid and proline and higher in isoleucine, lysine and arginine when compared with the base pellet. Supplementation of the repelletized feed with separate crystalline essential amino acids at a 1% level stimulated the relative growth/conversion index in the case of lysine, arginine, tryptophan, leucine, and isoleucine. The protein efficiency ratio (PER) was strongly stimulated by lysine, and to a lesser extent by arginine, leucine and isoleucine supplementation.
PROCESSING YIELDS FOR MALAYSIAN PRAWNS AND THE IMPLICATIONS1
Authors: Smith Theodore I. J. , Waltz Wayne , Sandifer Paul A. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTProcessing yields for pond‐reared Malaysian prawns, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, were size and sex dependent. The percentage of tail weight yield decreased with increased prawn size. Female prawns provided significantly (P < .001) greater yields than males for all sizes. For example, 30 g females provided 49.7% tail weight as compared to 45.3% for males while 100 g females yielded 46.2% tail weight as compared to 38.1% for males. Tail meat yields (peeled tails) varied similarly. At a prawn size of 30 g, meat yields were 38.4 and 35.1% for females and males, respectively, while at a size of 100 g yields were 35.6 and 29.8%. Much of these differences in yields are related to the size and weight of the claws. Claws of females are small and provide a relatively constant percentage (2.8%) of body weight whereas claws of males are larger and provide an increasingly greater proportion of total body weight (i.e., males 20 g, 4.3% claw weight; 100 g, 14.3% claw weight).A table and nomograph are provided to serve as guides in determining the approximate tail weight or count size for prawns of a variety of sizes. In general, meat yields for Malaysian prawns are less than those obtained from penaeid shrimp, but greater than those obtained from crawfish and crabs. Similar to these species the marketing of prawns in the continental United States will probably involve both whole animals and tails only products.
AN INDUSTRY REVIEW OF THE OPERATIONS AND ECONOMICS OF MOLLUSCAN SHELLFISH HATCHERIES IN WASHINGTON STATE
Authors: Lipovsky Vance P. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTMolluscan shellfish hatcheries have been in operation since 1969 in Washington State. The progress and overall performance of these facilities since that time are reviewed. Hatchery operations are discussed from the viewpoint of biological methods and financial success.Biologically, a comparison of hatchery seed is made with the imported Japanese seed and the domestically cultched seed in Washington State. The oyster seed market is analyzed in relation to quality of seed, number of oysters per shell, competition from natural seed sources, failure to standardize a case of seed and the inability to supply promised markets.Economically, the discussion is of the advantages and disadvantages of a hatchery operation with reference to facility size, operational economics and market demand.
Severe Thigh Abscess Two Years after Transobturator Sling Operation
Authors: CHOI Hoon , BAE Jae Hyun , LEE Jeong Gu 
Published: August 2010

Objectives: Tension‐free vaginal tape has gained large popularity owing to the ease of the procedure and its effectiveness. These procedures were initially thought to rarely involve any significant morbid complications. The transobturator tape (TOT) procedure reproduces the natural suspension similar to the tension‐free vaginal tape with a reduction in potential bladder, bowel, and vascular complications by the retropubic approach. However, the TOT procedure is not risk‐free when improperly performed. We report a rare case of abscess formation after TOT. Methods: A 45‐year‐old woman was admitted to the orthopedic department with the chief complaint of right side thigh pain and swelling. Pelvis MRI showed abscess formation and inflammatory changes extending into the soft tissues and muscles between the right gracilis and adductor femoris. During incision and open drainage, the remnant mesh could not be located. On urologic consult, the pelvic examination located the remnant mesh to the right upper vaginal wall. Our patient underwent excision of the mesh material. Results: She had significant improvement of the leg pain and was discharged home in good condition on postoperative day 7. Ultimately, the treatment for this complication was the removal of the mesh. Conclusion: Treatment for thigh abscess after TOT was the removal of the mesh. All patients should be counseled about this potential complication.