bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting overall viability of cord blood harvests
Authors: Pope Belinda , Mitsakos Katerina , Bilgin Ayse , Hokin Bevan , Grant Ross 
Published: October 2011

BACKGROUND: Cord blood (CB) is a product rich in primitive adult stem cells used in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. After collection, the CB is transported to a facility where the unit is processed and then frozen up to 48 hours later. These processes can lead to compromised white blood cell (WBC) viability. This study investigates the factors that affect WBC viability before freezing of the cells.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed WBC viability from 9918 CB collections harvested from 2003 to 2010 to determine if collection volume and time to freezing (TTF) had a significant effect on WBC viability. CB was collected in dispersed clinical locations by local staff trained to the same methods. CB was transported to the central lab under controlled conditions for analysis and processing.RESULTS: The collected CB units had a mean volume of 77.1 ± 31.3 mL, mean WBC count of 10.5 × 108 ± 5.6 × 108, mean total CD34+ cell count of 4.0 × 106 ± 3.7 × 106, and mean WBC viability of 91.7% ± 6.5%. WBC viability was most significantly affected by the volume of CB collected and the TTF. As collection volumes increased, WBC viability increased, with mean viability of 95.0% ± 3.5% in CB collections of more than 120 mL. Decreased viability was associated with volumes of less than 60 mL and TTF of more than 24 hours. From these data we have developed decision tables that estimate WBC viability based on CB volume and TTF.CONCLUSION: This study identifies optimal TTF for different collection volumes to maintain WBC viability of the collected CB.
Impaired force control during food holding and biting in subjects with tooth‐ or implant‐supported fixed prostheses
Authors: Svensson Krister G. , Trulsson Mats 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAimOur goal here was to assess the ability of subjects with their natural teeth (natural), bimaxillary tooth‐supported bridges (bridge) and bimaxillary implant‐supported bridges (implant) to control the low contact and high biting forces associated with holding and splitting food between the teeth.Materials and MethodsTen subjects in each of these groups performed a task involving holding and splitting morsels of food with different degrees of hardness (biscuits and peanuts) between a pair of opposing central incisors.ResultsThe hold force employed by the implant group was significantly higher and more variable than the corresponding force exerted by the bridge group, whereas the natural group used lowest and least variable force. For all three groups, the split force was higher and the split phase duration longer with peanuts than for biscuits. In the case of the natural group, a significantly higher rate of force increase (peak force rate) was observed when splitting peanuts when compared with biscuits, whereas no such difference could be seen for the other two groups.ConclusionThese findings demonstrate that individuals with bimaxillary tooth‐ or implant‐supported bridges (in whom sensory information provided by the periodontal mechanoreceptors is impaired or missing) are unable to apply low‐hold forces at the levels of individuals with natural teeth or to adapt the rate of the split force to the hardness of the food. We thus conclude that adequate sensory information from periodontal mechanoreceptors is essential for normal control of both low contact and high biting forces.
Employers' readiness for the mother‐friendly workplace: an elicitation study
Authors: Bai Yeon K. , Wunderlich Shahla M. , Weinstock Marni 
Published: October 2011

AbstractCurrently over half of mothers of infants under 1‐year‐old are in the workforce in the United States. These women face challenges to continue breastfeeding when they return to work 3 to 6 months post‐partum. This study explored the perspectives of employers on mother‐friendly environments to assess their readiness to provide breastfeeding accommodation using the elicitation under the theory of planned behaviour. Researchers conducted phone/in‐person interviews with a convenient sample of 20 human resource managers from companies that had 500 or more employees in the New York metropolitan area in 2009. Content analyses identified the common concepts that represent underlying beliefs of the constructs of the theory. The demography of the participants is 40% male and 80% White, with mean ages of 34.3 ± 8.5 years. ‘Happy employees’ and ‘high retention rate and improved loyalty’ were the most frequently mentioned (95%) benefits to the company (behavioural beliefs). Supporters of a mother‐friendly environment (normative beliefs) in the workplace included ‘mothers and expectant mothers (70%)’, and ‘managers supervising women and new mothers (55%)’. Most frequently mentioned company drawbacks (control beliefs) were ‘not cost effective (65%)’ and ‘time consuming (65%)’, followed by ‘perception of special favours for some (50%)’. Workplace breastfeeding promotion efforts can be successful by reinforcing positive beliefs and addressing the challenges associated with implementation of breastfeeding accommodation through education and other incentives such as recognition of model companies and tax breaks. The identified beliefs provide a basis for the development of a quantitative instrument to study workplace breastfeeding support further.
Maternal obesity trends in Egypt 1995–2005
Authors: Austin Anne M. , Hill Allan G. , Fawzi Wafaie W. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAccording to the World Health Organization (WHO), 46% of adult females in Egypt are obese. This research was aimed at documenting obesity trends and identifying the populations most at risk for obesity. Using data from the 1995 and 2005 Egyptian Demographic and Health Surveys a linear model was employed to seek associations between household wealth, urban/rural residence, governorate of residence, employment status, parity and age and increases in body mass index (BMI) among married Egyptian women between the ages of 15–49. Between 1995 and 2005, the mean BMI of women of reproductive age in Egypt increased from 26.31 to 28.52. Although there was an overall trend towards greater obesity between 1995 and 2005, older women residing in rural, poor households became obese at a faster rate than younger women residing in richer, urban households. Studies have shown that household wealth is a key determinant of food consumption patterns. Rising obesity rates among the poor in developed countries are linked to the relatively cheap price of high‐calorie, nutrient‐poor foods. One factor that may be contributing to the rapid increases in obesity among the rural poor in Egypt is the subsidisation of high‐energy, low‐nutritive value foods that form a larger part of the diet of poor, rural populations.
Three Dimensional Model-Based Analysis of the Lenticulostriate Arteries and Identification of the Vessels Correlated to the Infarct Area: Preliminary Results
Authors: Kang Chang-Ki , Wörz Stefan , Liao Wei , Park Chan-A , Kim Young-Bo , Park Cheol-Wan , Lee Young-Bae , Rohr Karl , Cho Zang-Hee 
Published: October 2011

Background Small vessel diseases have been studied noninvasively with magnetic resonance imaging. Direct observation or visualization of the connected microvessel to the infarct, however, was not possible due to the limited resolution. Hence, one could not determine whether vessel occlusion or abnormal narrowing is the cause of an infarct. Methods In this report, we demonstrate that the small vessel related to the infarct can be detected using ultra-high-field (7 T) magnetic resonance imaging and a three dimensional image analysis and modeling technique for microvessels, which thereby enables us to quantify the vessel morphology directly, that is, visualize the vessel that is related to the infarct. We compared vessels of selected stroke patients, who had recovered from stroke, with vessels from typical stroke patients, who had after effects like motor weakness, and age-matched healthy subjects to demonstrate the potential of the technique. Results The experimental results show that typical stroke patients had overall degradation or loss of small vessels, compared with the selected patients as well as healthy subjects. The selected patients, however, had only minimal loss of vessels, except for one vessel located close to the infarct area. Conclusions These preliminary results demonstrated that 7 T magnetic resonance imaging together with a three dimensional image analysis and modeling technique could provide information for detection of the vessel related to the infarct. In addition, three dimensional image analysis and modeling of vessels could further provide quantitative information on the microvessel structures comprising diameter, length and tortuosity.
Long-Term Risk of Recurrent Stroke in Young Cryptogenic Stroke Patients with and without Patent Foramen Ovale
Authors: Arauz Antonio , Murillo Luis , Márquez Juan Manuel , Tamayo Arturo , Cantú Carlos , Roldan Francisco-Javier , Vargas-Barrón Jesús , Barinagarrementeria Fernando 
Published: October 2011

Background Among patients with a patent foramen ovale and cryptogenic ischemic stroke, the long-term prognosis is unclear. Aims This study aims to estimate the recurrence rate in young cryptogenic stroke patients with and without patent foramen ovale. Patients and methods One hundred eighty-six cryptogenic stroke patients (aged 18–45 years) were prospectively followed for up to five-years. They were divided into two groups according to the echocardiographic presence of patent foramen ovale. All patients received aspirin (100mg/day) for secondary prevention. Results Mean age was 32·3 (standard deviation 7·9) years. During the mean follow-up of 66 months five patients with patent foramen ovale had recurrent strokes compared with 11 patients without patent foramen ovale. The average annual rate of recurrent cerebral ischemia was 1·1% and 1·6% for patients with and without patent foramen ovale, respectively. The recurrence rate did not increase with the presence of patent foramen ovale, atrial septal aneurysm or other variables. More than 60% of the reported cases achieved a good functional outcome. Conclusions Young patients with cryptogenic ischemic stroke with and without patent foramen ovale have a low recurrence rate in a long-term follow-up and most present a favorable outcome. Patent foramen ovale with or without atrial septal aneurysm did not increase the risk of recurrence.
Decentralized Groundwater Recharge Systems Using Roofwater and Stormwater Runoff1
Authors: Stephens Daniel B. , Miller Mark , Moore Stephanie J. , Umstot Todd , Salvato Deborah J. 
Published: October 2011

Stephens, Daniel B., Mark Miller, Stephanie J. Moore, Todd Umstot, and Deborah J. Salvato, 2011. Decentralized Groundwater Recharge Systems Using Roofwater and Stormwater Runoff. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 48(1): 134‐144. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2011.00600.xAbstract:  Stormwater capture for groundwater recharge in urban areas is usually conducted at the regional level by water agencies. Field and modeling studies in New Mexico indicate that stormwater diverted to retention basins may recharge about 50% of precipitation that falls on the developed area, even in dry climates. Comparable volumes of recharge may be expected at homes, subdivisions, or commercial properties with low‐impact development (LID) technologies for stormwater control that promote recharge over evapotranspiration. Groundwater quality has not been significantly impacted at sites that have been recharging stormwater to aquifers for decades. Distributed recharge systems may be a good alternative to centralized regional facilities where there is limited land for constructing spreading basins or little funding for new infrastructure. LID technologies borrowed from stormwater managers are important tools for groundwater managers to consider to enhance recharge.
An Ex Post Evaluation of Ohio’s Great Miami Water Quality Trading Program1
Authors: Newburn David A. , Woodward Richard T. 
Published: October 2011

Newburn, David A. and Richard T. Woodward, 2011. An Ex Post Evaluation of Ohio’s Great Miami Water Quality Trading Program. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 48(1): 156‐169. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2011.00601.xAbstract:  Market‐based approaches to address water quality problems have resulted in only limited success, especially in trading programs involving both point and nonpoint sources. We analyze one of the largest point‐nonpoint trading programs – the Great Miami Trading Program in Ohio, administered by the Miami Conservancy District (MCD). Our evaluation focuses on the economic and institutional aspects of the program, including cost effectiveness, efficiency of bidding, transaction costs, trading ratios, and innovation. We use a unique dataset consisting of all bids from agricultural nonpoint sources and interviews of soil and water conservation district (SWCD) agents in the watershed. We find that the MCD’s reliance on county‐level SWCD offices to recruit and advise farmers has been essential to achieve relatively high rates of farmer participation. Additionally, the MCD is able to partly free ride on the administrative costs that SWCD offices receive to assist federal conservation programs, which is helpful to lower costs for a fledgling trading program. However, the involvement of SWCD offices reduced the potential cost savings from the reverse auction structure because some agents were able to learn about the threshold price over the six rounds of bidding and help farmers bid strategically. Overall, the program structure serves as an effective model for future trading programs in other regions that seek to involve agricultural nonpoint sources.
A crucial step toward realism: responses to climate change from an evolving metacommunity perspective
Authors: Urban Mark C. , De Meester Luc , Vellend Mark , Stoks Robby , Vanoverbeke Joost 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe need to understand joint ecological and evolutionary responses to climate change to predict future threats to biological diversity. The ‘evolving metacommunity’ framework emphasizes that interactions between ecological and evolutionary mechanisms at both local and regional scales will drive community dynamics during climate change. Theory suggests that ecological and evolutionary dynamics often interact to produce outcomes different from those predicted based on either mechanism alone. We highlight two of these dynamics: (i) species interactions prevent adaptation of nonresident species to new niches and (ii) resident species adapt to changing climates and thereby prevent colonization by nonresident species. The rate of environmental change, level of genetic variation, source‐sink structure, and dispersal rates mediate between these potential outcomes. Future models should evaluate multiple species, species interactions other than competition, and multiple traits. Future experiments should manipulate factors such as genetic variation and dispersal to determine their joint effects on responses to climate change. Currently, we know much more about how climates will change across the globe than about how species will respond to these changes despite the profound effects these changes will have on global biological diversity. Integrating evolving metacommunity perspectives into climate change biology should produce more accurate predictions about future changes to species distributions and extinction threats.
Medial Epicondylalgia (Golfer's Elbow) Treated by Eccentric Exercise
Authors: Svernlöv Birgitta , Hultgren Eva , Adolfsson Lars 
Published: October 2011

Background Eccentric exercises have been successfully used in the treatment of Achilles and patellar tendinopathies, as well as lateral epicondylalgia. No studies have explored the same treatment for medial epicondylalgia (golfer's elbow). Methods Twenty consecutive adults with a clinical diagnosis of medial epicondylalgia were treated with eccentric exercise over 3 months in this prospective case series. The programme was based on home training. There were 11 women and nine men, with a mean age of 47 years, and a mean duration of symptoms of 19 months. At baseline, at 3 months and after a mean of 11 years, pain was assessed by three independent visual analogue scales (VAS) and grip strength using a Jamar dynamometer (Sammons Preston Inc., Jackson, MI, USA). At the 11-year follow-up, patients also reported their satisfaction on a 100-mm VAS and completed the Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire. Results Pain decreased significantly in all measured variables at both assessment occasions (all p < 0.0001). Grip strength in the affected arm/hand increased significantly after 3 months ( p = 0.009). Discussion Twelve weeks of eccentric training reduced pain and increased grip strength in patients with medial epicondylalgia. It is a safe, uncomplicated and cost-effective method, with only a minimum contribution from a physiotherapist.
The Relationship between Serum Calcium Concentration and Outcome in Horses with Renal Failure Presented to Referral Hospitals
Authors: LeRoy B. , Woolums A. , Wass J. , Davis E. , Gold J. , Foreman J.H. , Lohmann K. , Adams J. 
Published: October 2011

BackgroundHypercalcemia is common in horses with renal failure, but it is not known whether it impacts prognosis.Hypothesis/ObjectivesThe primary objective of this study was to determine whether hypercalcemia was associated with decreased likelihood of survival to discharge in horses with renal failure. Secondary objectives were to determine whether hypercalcemia was more common in acute (ARF) or chronic renal failure (CRF), whether feeding alfalfa was associated with hypercalcemia, and whether serum creatinine concentration was associated with survival.AnimalsMedical records of 63 horses presented to referral hospitals for renal failure were evaluated. Cases were classified as ARF or CRF based on historical and clinical findings.MethodsThe distribution of hypocalcemic, normocalcemic, and hypercalcemic cases in the ARF and CRF groups was determined. Mean serum calcium and creatinine concentrations for survivors and nonsurvivors, and for ARF and CRF cases, were compared. Mean serum calcium concentrations for cases fed alfalfa or not fed alfalfa were compared.ResultsHypercalcemia was significantly more common in CRF than ARF cases. CRF cases fed alfalfa were significantly more likely to be hypercalcemic. There was no significant difference in serum calcium concentration between survivors and nonsurvivors. Serum creatinine concentration was significantly higher in nonsurvivors and in ARF cases.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceHorses with CRF are more likely to be hypercalcemic than horses with ARF. Hypercalcemia was not associated with outcome in renal failure cases in this study. Additional research on the impact of dietary calcium on long‐term well‐being in horses with CRF is warranted.
Comparison of Cortisol andACTHResponses after Administration of Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone in Normal Horses and Those with Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction
Authors: Beech J. , Boston R. , Lindborg S. 
Published: October 2011

BackgroundChanges in both adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and cortisol concentration in response to thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) administration have been used to diagnose equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID), but the use of the 2 hormones has not been compared.HypothesesMeasuringACTHconcentration is superior to measuring cortisol concentration afterTRHadministration in differentiating between normal horses and those withPPID, and the 2 hormone concentrations are disassociated inPPIDhorses.AnimalsEleven horses and 2 ponies withPPIDand 19 normal horses.MethodsA study evaluating cortisol andACTHconcentrations before and at 14, 30, and 60 minutes afterTRHadministration.ResultsAt 14 and 30 minutes afterTRHadministration, cortisol concentration increased inPPIDhorses, andACTHincreased in all groups;ACTH, but not cortisol concentration, was significantly higher inPPIDhorses compared with normal horses. A relationship between cortisol concentration andACTHconcentration was seen in normal horses, but not in horses withPPID. Compared with normal castrated males, normal female horses had a greater change in cortisol concentration per unit change ofACTHconcentration.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceACTHand cortisol concentrations are disassociated in horses withPPID. MeasuringACTHconcentration afterTRHadministration appears superior to measuring cortisol concentration as a diagnostic test forPPID.
Comparison of Four Refractometers for the Investigation of the Passive Transfer in Beef Calves
Authors: Vandeputte S. , Detilleux J. , Rollin F. 
Published: October 2011

BackgroundFailure of passive transfer (FPT) in beef calves can be detected by refractometry. Nevertheless, different models of refractometers are available, and few studies compare them for the detection ofFPT.ObjectivesTo compare the accuracy of 4 different refractometers for measuring serum total protein concentrations in comparison with results obtained by the biuret method and, based on the serumIgGthreshold of 1,600 mg/mL, to determine, for each refractometer, the optimal serum protein concentration's lowest threshold for successful passive transfer.AnimalsOne hundred and eight healthy beef calves, 3–8 days of age.MethodsObservational study. The concentrations of serum total proteins were determined with 4 different models of refractometers and compared with the biuret method by a Bland–Altman statistical method. The optimal serum protein concentration's lowest threshold for successful passive transfer was determined for each refractometer by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. In addition, the serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration was compared with the serum gamma‐glutamyl transferase (γ‐GT) activity and with the total immunoglobulin concentration.ResultsThe refractometric measurements were highly correlated with those obtained by the biuret method. Serum total protein concentration threshold values of 56, 58, 54, and 56 g/L were found respectively for the Atago, AtagoATC, WolfATC, and digitalATCrefractometers. Immunoglobulins were highly correlated withIgG, whereas γ‐GTonly reflected colostrum uptake by the calf.Conclusions and clinical importanceAll refractometers could be used for the assessment of passive transfer using their individual serum protein concentration threshold.