bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural pathology of the Baboon (Papio spp.)
Authors: Bommineni Yugendar R. , Dick Jr Edward J. , Malapati Adinarayana R. , Owston Michael A. , Hubbard Gene B. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackground  Baboons are useful animal models for biomedical research, but the natural pathology of the baboon is not as well defined as other non‐human primates.Methods  A computer search for all morphologic diagnoses from baboon necropsies at the Southwest National Primate Research Center was performed and included all the natural deaths and animals euthanized for natural causes.Results  A total of 10,883 macroscopic or microscopic morphologic diagnoses in 4297 baboons were documented and are presented by total incidence, relative incidence by sex and age‐group, and mean age of occurrence. The most common diagnoses in descending order of occurrence were hemorrhage, stillborn, amyloidosis, colitis, spondylosis, and pneumonia. The systems with the most diagnoses were the digestive, urogenital, musculoskeletal, and respiratory.Conclusion  This extensive evaluation of the natural pathology of the baboon should be an invaluable biomedical research resource.
Relevance of the directionality of skin elasticity to aging and sagging of the face
Authors: Ohshima Hiroshi , Tada Akihiro , Kanamaru Akiko , Akamatsu Hisashi , Sakai Yuji , Itoh Masatoshi , Kanto Hiromi 
Published: January 2011

Background: Forces acting in facial skin have been suggested to show directionality. Non‐invasive methods of measuring this directionality may thus provide information related to aging processes. The Reviscometer® RVM600 device is capable of measuring directionality of forces on the skin. This device has not been used previously in a published study to evaluate changes in directionality of forces on facial skin with aging.Aim: The first objective of this pilot study was to investigate relationships between mechanical directionality using the Reviscometer® RVM600, the Cutometer® MPA580, and aging of the facial skin in a supine position. In addition, the study investigated relationships between mechanical directionality and ‘skin sagging,’ which may be caused by gravity. To validate this as a new measurement of mechanical directionality, we also performed double‐blinded trials on two groups of subjects, with one group using a product containing an anti‐aging substance and the other group using a placebo product without an anti‐aging substance.Methods: We examined 91 healthy Japanese women with a mean age of 48.5 years (range, 20–79 years) at the three sites on the face using the Reviscometer® RVM600 and the Cutometer® MPA580, and evaluation was performed for skin sagging in September and November 2008, and January 2009. The Reviscometer® RVM600 was used to measure resonance‐running time (RRT) every 10° from 0° to 350°. Evaluation of skin sagging was undertaken by making marks on the face and using face photographs taken in both sitting and supine positions to calculate the sagging index. Usage testing was conducted on 38 healthy Japanese women in a double‐blinded study with one group, using a preparation containing Yomogi AGEs Clearing (YAC) extract and another group using the same preparation without the YAC extract from October 2008 to April 2009. Mean age of these subjects was 44.0 years (range, 30–60 years). Measurements were taken at the three sites on the face using the Reviscometer® RVM600 and the Cutometer® MPA580 and sagging index.Results: A significant correlation was identified between RRT parameters and subject age at all three measurement sites. Significant correlations between sagging index and RRT values were found for 110–170° and 290–350° only at the center of the cheek. Significant differences in RRT values were noted for 110–150° and 300–350° at this site between subjects with and without the use of YAC extract. A similar trend was found in sagging index for this site alone between subjects with and without YAC extract.Conclusion: The use of non‐invasive procedures to measure skin mechanical parameters on the face in all directions may evaluate aging and effective preventive and restorative support.
Effect of procyandin oligomers on oxidative hair damage
Authors: Kim Moon‐Moo 
Published: January 2011

Background: Procyanidins are a subclass of flavonoids and consist of oligomers of catechin that naturally occur in plants and are known to exert many physiological effects, including antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and enzyme inhibitory effects. These possible inhibitory effects of the procyanidins were known to involve metal chelation, radical trapping, or direct enzyme binding.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of procyandin oligomers on hair damage induced by oxidative stress.Results: In this study, several methods for evaluating oxidative damage in bleached hair are utilized to analyze the protective effect of procyandin oligomers against oxidative hair damage. It was observed that procyanidin oligomers strongly bind to keratin in hair and inhibit the breakdown of hair caused by oxidative damage in an analysis of hair using electrophoresis, transmission electron microscope, and fluorescence dye.Conclusion: These results confirm that procyanidin oligomers can be applicable as a potential candidate to the development of hair care with protective effect on hair damage.
Elucidated lipid structures of various human stratum corneum investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Nakagawa Kouichi 
Published: January 2011

Background: Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) in conjunction with a slow‐tumbling simulation is useful for defining stratum corneum (SC) lipid structure. The objectives of this investigation were to evaluate and elucidate the lipid structure of various human SC as a function of the depth.Methods: The SC from mid‐volar forearms of human volunteers and a cadaver was stripped consecutively from one to three times using a glass plate coated with a cyanoacrylate resin. Spin probes were used to monitor SC ordering. EPR spectra were analyzed by an EPR slow‐tumbling simulation. Keratin solution from human epidermis was mixed with 5‐doxylstearic acid (5‐DSA) aqueous solution.Results: EPR analyses of 5‐DSA and CHL probes showed immobilized and mobile spectra, respectively. The simulation for 5‐DSA spectra showed differences in ordering values of the SC as a function of depth. EPR of keratin/5‐DSA showed mobile spectral pattern. In addition, EPR of CHL showed a weak and a broad signal.Conclusions: The keratin/5‐DSA results imply that the most likely location of 5‐DSA probe is in SC lipid. CHL probe may not easily permeate the SC. The EPR results along with the simulation analysis provide elucidated SC lipid structure.
Body dissatisfaction in California adolescents
Authors: Wilkosz Mary Ellen , Chen Jyu‐Lin , Kenndey Christine , Rankin Sally 
Published: January 2011

Abstract  Purpose: Factors that contribute to body dissatisfaction among adolescents from ethnically diverse California were examined to determine if the factors vary with gender and race. Data sources: Data from the 2005 California Health Interview Survey were used; 1807 White, Latino, and Asian American adolescents from 12 to 17 years old were included. Conclusions: Ordinal multiple logistic regression with gender and ethnicity controlled for revealed two major factors (high body mass index and poor/fair general health status) contribute to body dissatisfaction across gender and ethnicity in California adolescents. Other factors related to body dissatisfaction varied with ethnicity and gender. Implications for practice: Gender‐ and ethnicity‐specific interventions to improve body image in adolescents must be developed.
Does Inflammation Predispose to Recurrent Vascular Events after Recent Transient Ischaemic Attack and Minor Stroke? the North West of England Transient Ischaemic Attack and Minor Stroke (NORTHSTAR) Study
Authors: Selvarajah Johann R. , Smith Craig J. , Hulme Sharon , Georgiou Rachel , Sherrington Charles , Staniland John , Illingworth Karen J. , Jury Francine , Payton Antony , Ollier William E. , Vail Andy , Rothwell Nancy J. , Hopkins Stephen J. , Tyrrell Philippa J. 
Published: January 2011

Background and hypothesis Inflammation is implicated in the pathogenesis and outcome of ischaemic injury. Poststroke inflammation is associated with outcome but it remains unclear whether such inflammation precedes or results from ischaemic injury. We hypothesised that inflammatory markers are associated with an increased risk of recurrent vascular events soon after transient ischaemic attack and minor stroke. Methods This was a multicentre, prospective, nested case–control study. Plasma concentrations of C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, interleukin-1-receptor antagonist and fibrinogen, leucocyte counts, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and inflammatory gene allele frequencies were analysed in 711 patients with recent transient ischaemic attack or minor stroke. Cases were defined by the incidence of one or more recurrent vascular events during the three-month follow-up. Association of inflammatory markers with case-status was determined using conditional logistic regression. Results Plasma concentrations of C-reactive protein, interleukin-1-receptor antagonist and interleukin-6 were not associated with case-status. In secondary analyses, only erythrocyte sedimentation rate was significantly associated with case-status (odds ratio 1·39, 95% confidence interval 1·03–1·85; P=0·03), but this effect did not persist after adjustment for smoking and past history of transient ischaemic attack or stroke. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in four inflammatory genes (interleukin-6, fibrinogen, P-selectin and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) were nominally associated with case-status. Conclusions Circulating inflammatory markers were not associated with recurrent vascular events. Nominally significant associations between genetic markers and case-status will require replication. These data provide little evidence for an inflammatory state predisposing to stroke and other vascular events in a susceptible population.
Wild Mediterranean Plants as Traditional Food: A Valuable Source of Antioxidants
Authors: Vanzani Paola , Rossetto Monica , De Marco Veronica , Sacchetti Linda E. , Paoletti Maurizio G. , Rigo Adelio 
Published: January 2011

Abstract:  Some wild Mediterranean plants used as traditional food are an extraordinary source of antioxidants. We tested some properties of 10 of these herbaceous plants, used in Liguria (Northwest Italy) to prepare a traditional dish known as “prebuggiun.” A total of 9 of them were found to have a polyphenol content and antioxidant properties similar or better than those of red chicory and blueberry, which are, in the case of vegetables and fruits, among the richest of antioxidants.Practical Application:  In this article, we reported a study on wild plants growing in the Mediterranean area. These herbs have been neglected and this study aimed to revalue these plants because they are an extraordinary source of antioxidants. The increasing demand for natural antioxidants (additives in the food industry too) justifies the search for new sources of natural antioxidants. The revaluation of these plants will be interesting for: (1) consumer health, rediscovering a vegetable source of high antioxidant power; (2) possibility of producing new commercial products, such as food supplements of high quality and low cost; (3) pharmacological applications.
The Influence of Douchi Starter Cultures on the Composition of Extractive Components, Microbiological Activity, and Sensory Properties of Fermented Fish Pastes
Authors: Kasankala Ladislaus M. , Xiong Youling L. , Chen Jie 
Published: January 2011

Abstract:  Three experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that douchi cultures could serve as a potential starter for enhancing the quality attributes of fermented silver carp meat. In experiment 1, an active, prefermented douchi culture was incorporated into a fish paste to aid in the fish fermentation (30 d) and facilitate biochemical production of extractive flavor components (PRF). In experiment 2, a fully fermented (30 d) douchi was added to a fish paste and the mixture was fermented for 30 d (PSF). In experiment 3, a fish paste without the douchi culture was fermented for 30 d (CF). Total extracted free amino acids increased by 68.0, 68.6, and 78.8% (P < 0.05) from their initial levels to 2930, 2422, and 1573 mg/mL after 30 d of fermentation for PRF, PSF, and CF fish pastes, respectively, of which, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, alanine, lysine, and leucine were the major amino acids (>100 mg/mL). The concentrations of both formaldehyde‐reactive nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen extractives increased significantly (P < 0.05) during fermentation, following the order of PRF > PSF > CF. Low amounts of biogenic amines (<25 ppm) were produced in all samples. Sensory panel evaluation showed that PRF fish pastes had desirable aroma and taste. The douchi‐inoculated fermentation could be a novel technique for expanding the utilization, consumption, and the economic values of silver carp meats.Practical Application:  Douchi, a fermented soybean product, is a traditional food flavoring ingredient commonly used in China, Japan, and other Asian countries. It is also used in many Chinese cuisines in the United States. On the other hand, fermented seafood made from freshwater fish such as silver carp is known to contain bioactive components believed to promote health. The findings from the present study indicated that douchi as a novel starter can be used to produce fermented silver carp fish pastes with excellent flavor and consumer acceptability. The results may be applicable to other fish species to produce similar fermentation products.
Prevalence of Salmonella, Yersinia and Campylobacter spp. in Feral Raccoons (Procyon lotor) and Masked Palm Civets (Paguma larvata) in Japan
Authors: Lee K. , Iwata T. , Nakadai A. , Kato T. , Hayama S. , Taniguchi T. , Hayashidani H. 
Published: January 2011

SummaryTo estimate the public and animal health risk that alien species pose, the prevalence of Salmonella, Yersinia, and Campylobacter spp. in feral raccoons (Procyon lotor, n = 459) and masked palm civets (Paguma larvata, n = 153), which are abundant alien species in Japan, was investigated in urban and suburban areas of Japan. Salmonella enterica was detected from 29 samples [26 raccoons, 5.7%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 7.8–3.5%; three masked palm civets, 2.0%, 95% CI 4.2–0%]. Many of the isolates belonged to serovars that are commonly isolated from human gastroenteritis patients (e.g. S. Infantis, S. Typhimurium, and S. Thompson). The antimicrobial susceptibility test showed that 26.9 % of the isolates from raccoons were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent, whereas none of the isolates from masked palm civets were resistant. Yersinia sp. was detected from 193 samples (177 raccoons, 38.6%, 95% CI 43.0–34.1%; 16 masked palm civets, 10.5%, 95% CI 15.3–5.6%). All virulent Yersinia strains belonged to Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, which was isolated from seven (1.5%, 95% CI 2.6–0.4%) raccoons and six (3.9%, 95% CI 7.0–0.8%) masked palm civets. According to the detection of virulence factors, all the Y. pseudotuberculosis isolates belonged to the Far Eastern systemic pathogenicity type. Campylobacter spp. was detected from 17 samples (six raccoons, 1.3%, 95% CI 2.3–0.3%; 11 masked palm civets, 7.2%, 95% CI 11.3–3.1%). Among these, three isolates from raccoons were identified as C. jejuni. These results showed that these pathogens can be transmitted by human activities, other wild animals, and the environment to feral raccoons and masked palm civets, and vice versa. As these animals have omnivorous behaviour and a wide range of habitats, they can play an important role in the transmission of the enteric pathogens.
Performance‐approach and performance‐avoidance classroom goals and the adoption of personal achievement goals
Authors: Schwinger Malte , Stiensmeier‐Pelster Joachim 
Published: January 2011

Background. Students’ perceptions of classroom goals influence their adoption of personal goals. To assess different forms of classroom goals, recent studies have favoured an overall measure of performance classroom goals, compared to a two‐dimensional assessment of performance‐approach and performance‐avoidance classroom goals (PAVCG).Aims. This paper considered the relationship between students’ perceptions of classroom goals and their endorsement of personal achievement goals. We proposed that three (instead of only two) classroom goals need to be distinguished. We aimed to provide evidence for this hypothesis by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and also by divergent associations between the respective classroom goal and students’ personal goal endorsement.Sample. A total of 871 (474 female) 10th grade students from several German high schools participated in this study.Method. Students responded to items assessing their perception of mastery, performance‐approach, and performance‐avoidance goals in the classroom. Additionally, the students reported how much they personally pursue mastery, performance‐approach, and performance‐avoidance goals. All items referred to German as a specific school subject.Results. A CFA yielded empirical support for the proposed distinction of three (instead of only two) different kinds of classroom goals. Moreover, in hierarchical linear modelling (HLM) analyses all three classroom goals showed unique associations with students’ personal goal adoption.Conclusions. The findings emphasized the need to distinguish performance‐approach and PAVCG. Furthermore, our results suggest that multiple classroom goals have interactive effects on students’ personal achievement strivings.
Peer relationships and adolescents’ academic and non‐academic outcomes: Same‐sex and opposite‐sex peer effects and the mediating role of school engagement
Authors: Liem Gregory Arief D. , Martin Andrew J. 
Published: January 2011

Background. The literature has documented theoretical/conceptual models delineating the facilitating role of peer relationships in academic and non‐academic outcomes. However, the mechanisms through which peer relationships link to those outcomes is an area requiring further research. Aims. The study examined the role of adolescents’ perceptions of their relationships with same‐sex and opposite‐sex peers in predicting their academic performance and general self‐esteem and the potentially mediating role of school engagement in linking these perceived peer relationships with academic and non‐academic outcomes. Sample. The sample comprised 1,436 high‐school students (670 boys, 756 girls; 711 early adolescents, 723 later adolescents). Method. Self‐report measures and objective achievement tests were used. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was performed to test the hypothesized model and its invariance across gender and age groups. Results. Perceived same‐sex peer relationships yielded positive direct and indirect links with academic performance and general self‐esteem. Perceived opposite‐sex peer relationships yielded positive direct and indirect links with general self‐esteem and an indirect positive link with academic performance, but mediation via school engagement was not as strong as that of perceived same‐sex peer relationships. These findings generalized across gender and age groups. Conclusion. Adolescents’ same‐sex and opposite‐sex peer relationships seem to positively impact their academic performance and general self‐esteem in distinct ways. It appears that school engagement plays an important role in mediating these peer relationship effects, particularly those of same‐sex peer relationships, on academic and non‐academic functioning. Implications for psycho‐educational theory, measurement, and practice are discussed.
Mucosal IgA Responses in Healthy Adult Volunteers following Intranasal Spray Delivery of a Live Attenuated Measles Vaccine
Authors: Simon Jakub K. , Ramirez Karina , Cuberos Lilian , Campbell James D. , Viret Jean F. , Muñoz Alma , Lagos Rosanna , Levine Myron M. , Pasetti Marcela F. 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACT

Measles remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality among children in the developing world. The goal of this study was to examine measles virus-specific mucosal immune responses in healthy immune (
n
= 24; plaque reduction neutralization [PRN] titers of ≥200 mIU/ml) and nonimmune (
n
= 24) young adult volunteers who received the monovalent Moraten measles vaccine via intranasal (spray delivery) or subcutaneous immunization. Serum, oral fluid, and nasal wash samples were examined for measles virus-specific and total IgG and IgA on day 0 (prior to vaccination) and on days 14, 28, and 90 after vaccination. Nonimmune subjects vaccinated subcutaneously developed high levels of measles virus PRN, IgG, and IgA antibodies in serum, oral fluid, and nasal washes. Total IgG and secretory IgA (sIgA) titers were increased in nasal washes, and total IgG was increased in oral fluid specimens. There was a strong correlation between PRN and measles virus-specific IgG titers measured in serum, oral fluid, and nasal washes, whereas a weak correlation was found between PRN and measles virus-specific IgA titers. Notably, intranasal measles vaccination resulted in increased production of measles virus-specific sIgA in oral fluid and nasal washes in nonimmune individuals, without evidence of a systemic immune response. In contrast, no significant vaccine-induced responses were observed in immune subjects, regardless of the route of immunization. These results demonstrate that (i) intranasal measles immunization can elicit a mucosal response independent of the induction of serum antibodies and (ii) both mucosal and systemic antibody responses following nasal or subcutaneous immunization are blunted by preexisting measles immunity.
Baseline Meningococcal Carriage in Burkina Faso before the Introduction of a Meningococcal Serogroup A Conjugate Vaccine
Authors: Kristiansen Paul A. , Diomandé Fabien , Wei Stanley C. , Ouédraogo Rasmata , Sangaré Lassana , Sanou Idrissa , Kandolo Denis , Kaboré Pascal , Clark Thomas A. , Ouédraogo Abdoul-Salam , Absatou Ki Ba , Ouédraogo Charles D. , Hassan-King Musa , Thomas Jennifer Dolan , Hatcher Cynthia , Djingarey Mamoudou , Messonnier Nancy , Préziosi Marie-Pierre , LaForce Marc , Caugant Dominique A. 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACT

The serogroup A meningococcal conjugate vaccine MenAfriVac has the potential to confer herd immunity by reducing carriage prevalence of epidemic strains. To better understand this phenomenon, we initiated a meningococcal carriage study to determine the baseline carriage rate and serogroup distribution before vaccine introduction in the 1- to 29-year old population in Burkina Faso, the group chosen for the first introduction of the vaccine. A multiple cross-sectional carriage study was conducted in one urban and two rural districts in Burkina Faso in 2009. Every 3 months, oropharyngeal samples were collected from >5,000 randomly selected individuals within a 4-week period. Isolation and identification of the meningococci from 20,326 samples were performed by national laboratories in Burkina Faso. Confirmation and further strain characterization, including genogrouping, multilocus sequence typing, and
porA
-
fetA
sequencing, were performed in Norway. The overall carriage prevalence for meningococci was 3.98%; the highest prevalence was among the 15- to 19-year-olds for males and among the 10- to 14-year-olds for females. Serogroup Y dominated (2.28%), followed by serogroups X (0.44%), A (0.39%), and W135 (0.34%). Carriage prevalence was the highest in the rural districts and in the dry season, but serogroup distribution also varied by district. A total of 29 sequence types (STs) and 51
porA
-
fetA
combinations were identified. The dominant clone was serogroup Y, ST-4375, P1.5-1,2-2/F5-8, belonging to the ST-23 complex (47%). All serogroup A isolates were ST-2859 of the ST-5 complex with P1.20,9/F3-1. This study forms a solid basis for evaluating the impact of MenAfriVac introduction on serogroup A carriage.