bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Muscle synergies are shared across fundamental subtasks in complex movements of skateboarding
Authors: Kaufmann Paul , Zweier Lorenz , Baca Arnold , Kainz Hans 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA common theory of motor control posits that movement is controlled by muscle synergies. However, the behavior of these synergies during highly complex movements remains largely unexplored. Skateboarding is a hardly researched sport that requires rapid motor control to perform tricks. The objectives of this study were to investigate three key areas: (i) whether motor complexity differs between skateboard tricks, (ii) the inter-participant variability in synergies, and (iii) whether synergies are shared between different tricks. Electromyography data from eight muscles per leg were collected from seven experienced skateboarders performing three different tricks (Ollie, Kickflip, 360°-flip). Synergies were extracted using non-negative matrix factorization. The number of synergies (NoS) was determined using two criteria based on the total variance accounted for (tVAF > 90% and adding an additional synergy does not increase tVAF > 1%). In summary: (i) NoS and tVAF did not significantly differ between tricks, indicating similar motor complexity. (ii) High inter-participant variability exists across participants, potentially caused by the low number of constraints given to perform the tricks. (iii) Shared synergies were observed in every comparison of two tricks. Furthermore, each participant exhibited at least one synergy vector, which corresponds to the fundamental ‘jumping’ task, that was shared through all three tricks.
Retrospective determination of exposure temperature of standing trees during wildfires with solid-state NMR
Authors: Kutzer Karl , Meincken Martina 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTimber plantations across the world are suffering from the effects of increasingly frequent wildfires, which potentially degrade the wood of affected trees, depending on the exposure temperature and time. However, it is rather complicated to determine the exact temperature of the fire, or the temperature to which the wood was exposed. This study aimed to determine the exposure temperature of wood retrospectively through solid-state NMR analysis. Models were developed from softwood and hardwood samples exposed to defined temperatures, which successfully linked the NMR signal to the exposure temperature. Various fit equations were developed to link the half-width or peak area of the NMR signal to the exposure temperatures. Hard- and softwoods displayed noticeable differences: a linear function best described the half-width in the higher temperature region for Pine and Eucalyptus, whereas a parabolic function for the peak area of Eucalyptus yielded the best correlation to the entire temperature range. This non-destructive and direct method offers a valuable evaluation method to determine, if wood in burnt trees is degraded and can be processed. An informed choice can be made on the decision to use, or discard burnt wood.
Vegetation greening amplifies shallow soil temperature warming on the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Li Ning , Wang Lei , Chen Deliang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractVegetation changes are expected to alter soil thermal regimes, consequently modifying climate feedbacks related to frozen ground thawing and carbon cycling in cold regions. The Tibetan Plateau (TP) contains diverse alpine ecosystems and the largest area of frozen ground in low–mid latitude regions. Evidence suggests ongoing vegetation greening and permafrost degradation during the past several decades on the TP. However, the effect of vegetation changes on soil thermal regimes on the TP is not well understood. Here, we quantify the response of shallow soil temperature change to vegetation greening on the TP using remote–sensing data, in–situ observations, and physics–based modelling. Our results show that over the past 20 years, vegetation greening on the TP was accompanied a notable decrease in the area of bare land by approximately 0.7% (5000 km2). Annual mean soil temperature showed a significant warming trend of 0.57 °C decade–1 (p < 0.05) during the period 1983–2019, exceeding the warming rate of surface air temperature. Changes in vegetation resulted in a warming effect on annual shallow soil temperature of 0.15 ± 0.33 °C across the TP during the period 2000–2019. The warming effect varies with frozen soil types: 0.24 ± 0.48 °C in permafrost, 0.18 ± 0.36 °C in seasonally frozen ground, and 0.11 ± 0.32 °C in unfrozen ground. The net warming effect was caused by a decrease in albedo and increase in radiation penetrating the canopy, outweighing the cooling effect related to a limited increase in evapotranspiration.
HeteroTCR: A heterogeneous graph neural network-based method for predicting peptide-TCR interaction
Authors: Yu Zilan , Jiang Mengnan , Lan Xun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIdentifying interactions between T-cell receptors (TCRs) and immunogenic peptides holds profound implications across diverse research domains and clinical scenarios. Unsupervised clustering models (UCMs) cannot predict peptide-TCR binding directly, while supervised predictive models (SPMs) often face challenges in identifying antigens previously unencountered by the immune system or possessing limited TCR binding repertoires. Therefore, we propose HeteroTCR, an SPM based on Heterogeneous Graph Neural Network (GNN), to accurately predict peptide-TCR binding probabilities. HeteroTCR captures within-type (TCR-TCR or peptide-peptide) similarity information and between-type (peptide-TCR) interaction insights for predictions on unseen peptides and TCRs, surpassing limitations of existing SPMs. Our evaluation shows HeteroTCR outperforms state-of-the-art models on independent datasets. Ablation studies and visual interpretation underscore the Heterogeneous GNN module’s critical role in enhancing HeteroTCR’s performance by capturing pivotal binding process features. We further demonstrate the robustness and reliability of HeteroTCR through validation using single-cell datasets, aligning with the expectation that pMHC-TCR complexes with higher predicted binding probabilities correspond to increased binding fractions.
Tibetan Plateau grasslands might increase sequestration of microbial necromass carbon under future warming
Authors: Zhang Qinwei , Chen Xianke , Zhou Xiaorong , Nie Xin , Liu Guohua , Zhuang Guoqiang , Zheng Guodong , Fortin Danielle , Ma Anzhou 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMicrobial necromass carbon (MNC) can reflect soil carbon (C) sequestration capacity. However, changes in the reserves of MNC in response to warming in alpine grasslands across the Tibetan Plateau are currently unclear. Based on large-scale sampling and published observations, we divided eco-clusters based on dominant phylotypes, calculated their relative abundance, and found that their averaged importance to MNC was higher than most other environmental variables. With a deep learning model based on stacked autoencoder, we proved that using eco-cluster relative abundance as the input variable of the model can accurately predict the overall distribution of MNC under current and warming conditions. It implied that warming could lead to an overall increase in the MNC in grassland topsoil across the Tibetan Plateau, with an average increase of 7.49 mg/g, a 68.3% increase. Collectively, this study concludes that alpine grassland has the tendency to increase soil C sequestration capacity on the Tibetan Plateau under future warming.
Vibration-mediated long-wavelength photolysis of electronegative bonds beyond S0–S1 and S0–T1 transitions
Authors: Araujo Dias Antônio Junio , Muranaka Atsuya , Uchiyama Masanobu , Tanaka Ken , Nagashima Yuki 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPhotolysis is an attractive method in organic synthesis to produce free radicals through direct bond cleavage. However, in this method, specific irradiation wavelengths of light have been considered indispensable for excitation through S0–Sn or S0–Tn transitions. Here we report the photoinduced homolysis of electronegative interelement bonds using light at wavelengths much longer than theoretically and spectroscopically predicted for the S0–Sn or S0–Tn transitions. This long-wavelength photolysis proceeds in N–Cl, N–F, and O–Cl bonds at room temperature under blue, green, and red LED irradiation, initiating diverse radical reactions. Through experimental, spectroscopic, and computational studies, we propose that this “hidden” absorption is accessible via electronic excitations from naturally occurring vibrationally excited ground states to unbonded excited states and is due to the electron-pair repulsion between electronegative atoms.
PARP14 is regulated by the PARP9/DTX3L complex and promotes interferon γ-induced ADP-ribosylation
Authors: Ribeiro Victoria Chaves , Russo Lilian Cristina , Hoch Nícolas Carlos 
Published: June 2024

AbstractProtein ADP-ribosylation plays important but ill-defined roles in antiviral signalling cascades such as the interferon response. Several viruses of clinical interest, including coronaviruses, express hydrolases that reverse ADP-ribosylation catalysed by host enzymes, suggesting an important role for this modification in host-pathogen interactions. However, which ADP-ribosyltransferases mediate host ADP-ribosylation, what proteins and pathways they target and how these modifications affect viral infection and pathogenesis is currently unclear. Here we show that host ADP-ribosyltransferase activity induced by IFNγ signalling depends on PARP14 catalytic activity and that the PARP9/DTX3L complex is required to uphold PARP14 protein levels via post-translational mechanisms. Both the PARP9/DTX3L complex and PARP14 localise to IFNγ-induced cytoplasmic inclusions containing ADP-ribosylated proteins, and both PARP14 itself and DTX3L are likely targets of PARP14 ADP-ribosylation. We provide evidence that these modifications are hydrolysed by the SARS-CoV-2 Nsp3 macrodomain, shedding light on the intricate cross-regulation between IFN-induced ADP-ribosyltransferases and the potential roles of the coronavirus macrodomain in counteracting their activity.
Timing It Right: Endoscopic Necrosectomy for Infected Necrotizing Pancreatitis
Authors: Yadav Ashutosh Ishan , Rana Surinder Singh 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe endoscopic step-up drainage approach involving initial drainage followed by, if required, direct endoscopic necrosectomy (DEN) is the preferred management approach for symptomatic pancreatic necrotic collections. However, limited data suggests that immediate DEN during initial stent placement may hasten clinical recovery by quicker resolution of systemic inflammatory response. However, because of concerns about adverse effects, especially gastric perforation and bleeding, most endoscopists prefer delayed DEN. In this news and views, we discuss a recently published randomized controlled trial that compared upfront necrosectomy at the index intervention versus as a step-up for patients with infected necrotizing pancreatitis.
A Glimpse into the Prognostic Factors of Outcomes for Isolated, Operated Severe Traumatic Head Injury Patients in a Resource Constrained Trauma Center Setup
Authors: Chandra Anil , Ojha Bal Krishna , Srivastava Chhitij , Jaiswal Somil , Singh Aman 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background Severe traumatic brain injury (STBI) continues to burden health care in developing countries. This study focuses on STBI patients undergoing surgical intervention to understand the factors affecting their outcomes in a constrained trauma center setup.
Aim This aims to study the epidemiological and clinical factors to understand the long-term morbidity, mortality risks, and triaging among STBI patients requiring surgery.
Methods A prospective observational study was conducted on 227 isolated STBI patients with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) ≤ 8 who underwent surgical evacuation of intracranial lesions. Patients were classified based on their neurological status and lesions on computed tomography head. Postoperative data on complications were collected. At 6-month follow-up, patients with Glasgow (Extended) scores of 7 to 8 were deemed good outcomes, and scores of 1 to 6 were deemed poor. Cox regression analysis was used to identify independent influencing factors, with p < 0.05 as statistically significant.
Results The clinicoradiological factors including age (p = 0.02), asymmetric pupillary reaction (p = 0.002), low presenting pulse rate (p = 0.041), and low systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.016 and p < 0.0001, respectively), low GCS (p = 0.011), midline shift > 5 mm (p < 0.0001), and obliterated basal cisterns were significantly associated with poor outcome. Tracheostomy, respiratory tract infection, bedsore, meningitis, deep vein thrombosis, cerebrospinal fluid leak, and bone flap site infection were significantly associated with survival of the patients (p = 0.036). The most common cause of mortality during home care included respiratory tract infection and was associated with the care of the tracheostomized. GCS (p < 0.0001), age (p = 0.005), and alcohol use (p = 0.034) were independent predictors for the outcome of patients.
Conclusion This study helps clinicians predict prognosis, postoperative recovery, manage challenges, counsel caregivers, and predict long-term patient outcomes.
Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Liver Biopsy (EUS-LB): An Endoscopic Solution to the Unmet Needs of Liver Tissue Acquisition and Beyond
Authors: Khare Shivam , Arora Anil , Varghese Jijo , Kumar Ashish , Jain Sunila , Khandelwal Ashiesh , Mittal Arpita , Misra Sunayana , Anikhindi Shrihari , Kumar Mandhir , Ranjan Piyush , Sharma Praveen , Bansal Naresh , Sachdeva Munish , Giri Suprabhat , S. Srijaya 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Aim and Objective Endoscopic ultrasound-guided liver biopsy (EUS-LB) is now increasingly being used across the globe as a method of liver tissue acquisition. This method is widely accepted by many professionals as it can overcome many shortcomings of percutaneous liver biopsy and transjugular liver biopsy. The aim of the study is to obtain the adequate and optimal biopsy rate associated with EUS-LB.
Materials and Methods This is a retrospective observational study. Consecutive patients undergoing EUS-LB during the study period who were willing to consent were taken up for the study.
Results Total 91 patients were taken up for the study. Median age of study population was 44 years out of which 39 patients were males and 52 were females (42.9 and 57.1%). Adequate biopsy rate (according to European Association for the Study of Liver Disease criteria) and optimal biopsy rate (according to American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases criteria) were 89 (81/91) and 60.4% (55/91), respectively. Rate of conclusive diagnosis was 95.6% (86/91). The commonest diagnosis encountered was nonalcoholic steatohepatitis) (23, 25.3%), followed by autoimmune hepatitis (17, 18.7%). Additional diagnostic information was obtained by endosonography during EUS-LB in 21 patients (23.1%). Gallstone disease was found in four (4.8%) patients, chronic calcific pancreatitis in two (1.9%) patients, significant abdominal lymphadenopathy defined as lymph node more than 1.5 cm in five (5.8%) patients, and esophageal or gastric varices in ten (10.6%) patients. One case of self-limiting biopsy site ooze was seen in EUS-LB and the patient was having cirrhosis.
Conclusion This study showed a high diagnostic outcome and safety profile with EUS-LB technique. EUS-LB can achieve excellent histological yield when performed with optimal technique. Moreover, it is possible to obtain additional information during the procedure from diagnostic endosonography that is done as a part of EUS-LB.
Comparison of Anterior versus Posterior Fixation in Traumatic Subaxial Cervical Spine Subluxation in Terms of Intraoperative Blood Loss, Surgical Time, and Length of Hospital Stay: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Shabbir Muhammad Asif , Ikram Shuja , Khizar Ahtesham , Elahi Inaam , Ghafoor Abdul , Umer Muhammad Waqas 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to compare the outcome of anterior versus posterior fixation for traumatic subaxial cervical spine subluxation in terms of mean intraoperative blood loss, surgical time, and length of hospital stay.
Materials and Methods A prospective observational study was conducted from August 25, 2022 to August 24, 2023 at the Department of Neurosurgery, Punjab Institute of Neurosciences, Lahore, Pakistan, including 60 patients (30 in each group) fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Group A had anterior cervical fixation, while group B underwent posterior cervical fixation. Patients were monitored for intraoperative blood loss, surgical time, and length of hospital stay. All the results were collected and recorded on a proforma.
Results The mean age of the patients in group A was 45.40 ± 3.75 years and that in group B was 45.50 ± 4.13 years. In all, 48.8% (n = 21) were males and 52.9% (n = 9) were females in group A, while 51.2% (n = 22) were males and 47.1% (n = 8) were females in group B. The mean intraoperative blood loss was 71.60 ± 0.77 mL in group A and 101.76 ± 0.85 mL in group B. The mean surgical time was 72.73 ± 0.98 minutes in group A and 94.73 ± 0.58 minutes in group B. The mean length of hospital stay was 7.63 ± 0.55 days in group A and 12.80 ± 0.71 days in group B.
Conclusion It was concluded that the anterior approach is better than the posterior approach for traumatic subaxial cervical subluxation spine in terms of low blood loss, less surgical time, and reduced hospital stay.
Traumatic Delayed Posterior Cranial Fossa Epidural Hematoma: A Rare Entity
Authors: Baig Abdur Rehman , Khizar Ahtesham , Tanweer Maryem , Anwar Farooq 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPosterior fossa epidural hematomas (EDHs) are much rarer entities than supratentorial EDHs which are reported only 4 to 7% in the literature. Due to the tight space and critical structures in posterior fossa, only a few cases can go with the conservative management but even then patients can deteriorate anytime with enlargement of hematoma and compression effects on brain stem and require urgent evacuation. This letter aims to provide a case of a young kid who presented initially with less-volume EDH and later required urgent evacuation because of hematoma expansion.
Combined importance–performance map analysis (cIPMA) in partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS–SEM): a SmartPLS 4 tutorial
Authors: Sarstedt Marko , Richter Nicole F. , Hauff Sven , Ringle Christian M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRecent research on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS–SEM) extended the classic importance–performance map analysis (IPMA) by taking the results of a necessary condition analysis (NCA) into consideration. By also highlighting necessary conditions, the combined importance–performance map analysis (cIPMA) offers a tool that enables better prioritization of management actions to improve a key target construct. In this article, we showcase a cIPMA’s main steps when using the SmartPLS 4 software. Our illustration draws on the technology acceptance model (TAM) used in the cIPMA’s original publication, which features prominently in business research.
Promoting low-carbon land use: from theory to practical application through exploring new methods
Authors: Chuai Xiaowei , Xu Hongbo , Liu Zemiao , Xiang Ai , Luo Yuting , Mao Wanliu , Wang Tong , Ye Xin , Miao Lijuan , Zhao Rongqin , Zhang Fengtai 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCities are main carbon emissions generators. Land use changes can not only affect terrestrial ecosystems carbon, but also anthropogenic carbon emissions. However, carbon monitoring at a spatial level is still coarse, and low-carbon land use encounters the challenge of being unable to adjust at the patch scale. This study addresses these limitations by using land-use data and various auxiliary data to explore new methods. The approach involves developing a high-resolution carbon monitoring model and investigating a patch-scale low-carbon land use model by integrating high carbon sink/source images with the Future Land Use Simulation model. Between 2000 and 2020, the results reveal an increasing trend in both carbon emissions and carbon sinks in the Shangyu district. Carbon sinks can only offset approximately 3% of the total carbon emissions. Spatially, the north exhibits net carbon emissions, while the southern region functions more as a carbon sink. A total of 14.5% of the total land area witnessed a change in land-use type, with the transfer-out of cropland constituting the largest area at 96.44 km2, accounting for 50% of the total transferred area. Land-use transfer resulted in an annual increase of 77.72 × 104 t in carbon emissions between 2000 and 2020. Through land-use structure optimisation, carbon emissions are projected to increase by only 7154 t C/year from 2000 to 2030, significantly lower than the amount between 2000 and 2020. Further low-carbon land optimisation at the patch scale can enhance the carbon sink by 129.59 t C/year. The conclusion drawn is that there is considerable potential to reduce carbon emissions through land use control. The new methods developed in our study can effectively contribute to high-resolution carbon monitoring in spatial contexts and support low-carbon land use, promoting the application of low-carbon land use from theory to practice. This will provide technological guidance for land use planning, city planning, and so forth.
Embracing biodiversity: multispecies population genomics of leafless Bossiaea species shows novel taxa, population dynamics and conservation strategies
Authors: McMaster Eilish S. , Yap Jia-Yee S. , McDougall Keith L. , James Elizabeth A. , Walsh Neville , Jario Nic , Peterie Jessica , Rossetto Maurizio 
Published: June 2024

Leafless Bossiaea species are a unique group of plants endemic to Australia that present intriguing challenges in taxonomy and conservation because of their morphological simplicity and often small, disjunct populations. We employed whole genome reduced representation sequencing (DArTseq) to enhance our understanding of the population dynamics, diversity and taxonomy of leafless Bossiaea species. Our dataset comprised 52,539 single-nucleotide polymorphisms across 283 samples from 7 leafless Bossiaea species, including 6 listed threatened species. We examined population structure, phylogenetic relationships, kinship and gene flow within and among populations. On the basis of our population-genomic analyses, we propose recognition of the novel taxon Bossiaea vombata subsp. orientalis and a change in status from species (B. milesiae) to subspecies for B. fragrans subsp. milesiae. Additionally, we show extensive clonal reproduction across species and limited gene flow at distances of >1 km, shedding light on the challenges faced by these species. We advocate a coordinated approach to conservation, focusing on restoring self-sustaining populations and leveraging genetic rescue strategies. By addressing the population dynamics of multiple species simultaneously in taxonomically challenging lineages, we can make informed choices to safeguard biodiversity and evolutionary potential.