bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growing an innovative faculty‐driven management team in a distance‐delivery NP education program: Thinking outside the box to meet the nursing education and health needs of northern British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Salyers Vincent , Tarlier Denise , Van Pelt Linda , Bailles Janet , Beaveridge Jennifer S. , Lapadat Connie‐Marie , Robertson‐Laxton Lesley 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPurpose: The purpose of this article is to describe how one university in northern British Columbia (BC) dealt with the issues of nurse practitioner (NP) program administration in light of its geographic context.Data sources: Reflections of the management team during the first 2 years of implementation of the faculty‐driven approach.Conclusions: Our experience reflects family NP (FNP) faculty shortages internationally, the challenge of attracting qualified candidates to centers outside the urban mainstream in today's competitive academic job market, as well as the need to develop NP faculty capacity in BC, Canada. The team management approach evolved organically, based on program need, available human resources, and the culture of the faculty. The team approach for program leadership and coordination is a good fit for this NP program.Implications for practice: Implementing the team management approach has allowed the continuation of an NP program situated in a northern Canadian community that is consistent with the program's unique focus in preparing NPs to practice in often‐underserved northern, rural, remote, and Aboriginal settings. While the approach provides for continuation of a quality program, it also ensures the availability of graduates well prepared to take up practice challenges in rural and northern communities.
Blending technology in teaching advanced health assessment in a family nurse practitioner program: Using personal digital assistants in a simulation laboratory
Authors: Elliott Lydia , DeCristofaro Claire , Carpenter Alesia 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPurpose: This article describes the development and implementation of integrated use of personal handheld devices (personal digital assistants, PDAs) and high‐fidelity simulation in an advanced health assessment course in a graduate family nurse practitioner (NP) program. A teaching tool was developed that can be utilized as a template for clinical case scenarios blending these separate technologies.Data sources: Review of the evidence‐based literature, including peer‐reviewed articles and reviews.Conclusions: Blending the technologies of high‐fidelity simulation and handheld devices (PDAs) provided a positive learning experience for graduate NP students in a teaching laboratory setting. Combining both technologies in clinical case scenarios offered a more real‐world learning experience, with a focus on point‐of‐care service and integration of interview and physical assessment skills with existing standards of care and external clinical resources. Faculty modeling and advance training with PDA technology was crucial to success.Implications for practice: Faculty developed a general template tool and systems‐based clinical scenarios integrating PDA and high‐fidelity simulation. Faculty observations, the general template tool, and one scenario example are included in this article.Disclosure  No relationship exists between any of the authors and any commercial entity or product mentioned in this article that might represent a conflict of interest. No inducements have been made by any commercial entity to submit the manuscript for publication.
Spontaneous intracranial hypotension: A case study
Authors: Tyree Tammy L. , Porter Randall 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPurpose: To present an illustrative case study of a patient with spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) and to increase awareness of this condition among nurse practitioners (NPs).Data sources: A literature search was conducted, and deidentified patient information forms the basis of this presentation. The authors’ experience and appropriate images enhance the presentation of the case study.Conclusions: SIH is a condition that typically occurs without a traumatic event, although it can be associated with minor trauma. It occurs when cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks through a focal weakness in the dural sac or meningeal diverticula, resulting in CSF hypovolemia. Patients usually present with an orthostatic headache. The most common brain magnetic resonance imaging findings are diffuse pachymeningeal enhancement, descent of the cerebellar tonsils, and subdural fluid collections. Treatment options range from management of symptoms to surgical repair of the leak.Implications for practice: As NPs continue to provide care in a variety of settings, including emergency departments and urgent care areas, they must be familiar with the progression of symptoms that might indicate SIH and be prepared to make appropriate referrals to prevent iatrogenic morbidity.
Foundational Semantics I: Descriptive Accounts
Authors: García‐Carpintero Manuel 
Published: May 2012

AbstractDescriptive semantic theories purport to characterize the meanings of the expressions of languages in whatever complexity they might have. Foundational semantics purports to identify the kind of considerations relevant to establish that a given descriptive semantics accurately characterizes the language used by a given individual or community. Foundational Semantics I presents three contrasting approaches to the foundational matters, and the main considerations relevant to appraise their merits. These approaches contend that we should look at the contents of speakers’ intuitions; at the deep psychology of users and its evolutionary history, as revealed by our best empirical theories; or at the personal‐level rational psychology of those subjects. Foundational Semantics II examines a fourth view, according to which we should look instead at norms enforced among speakers. The two papers aim to determine in addition the extent to which the approaches are really rival, or rather complementary.
The Concept of Sovereignty in Contemporary Continental Political Philosophy
Authors: Erlenbusch Verena 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe concept of sovereignty is one of the central concepts of modern political philosophy. However, faced with processes of economic globalization as well as legal and political universalism, contemporary political theory struggles to account for the exercise of state power in terms of the traditional understanding of sovereignty. This survey article reviews the most influential conceptualizations of sovereignty in contemporary continental political philosophy. These include Schmitt’s defense of sovereignty and Agamben’s rejection of sovereign politics as well as a number of theoretical attempts to account for the complexities of sovereignty and its adaptation to new political circumstances.
Is There a Distinctively Feminist Philosophy of Religion?
Authors: Burns Elizabeth D. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractFeminist philosophers of religion such as Grace Jantzen and Pamela Sue Anderson have endeavoured, firstly, to identify masculine bias in the concepts of God found in the scriptures of the world’s religions and in the philosophical writings in which religious beliefs are assessed and proposed and, secondly, to transform the philosophy of religion, and thereby the lives of women, by recommending new or expanded epistemologies and using these to revision a concept of the divine which will inspire both women and men to work for the flourishing of the whole of humankind. It is argued, firstly, that the philosophies of Jantzen and Anderson are by no means as different from each other as they might, at first, appear. Secondly, it is suggested that their epistemologies are not distinctively feminist, and that the classical divine attributes of the Abrahamic faiths do not necessarily privilege the masculine. Perhaps the only way in which a philosophy of religion might be distinctively feminist is by emphasising the inclusion of women. This might mean being more open to concepts of the divine which are not, even in a metaphorical sense, masculine, and enhancing awareness of the ways in which abstract arguments about the divine could be relevant to the practical aspects of human life which have traditionally been the preserve of women. Insofar as these are increasingly also the responsibility of men, however, a feminist philosophy of religion might now be more appropriately characterised as an inclusivist philosophy of religion.
Agamben’s Fictions
Authors: McQuillan Colin 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis article argues that Agamben’s conception of fiction is crucial for understanding his recent works. I suggest that the key to understanding Agamben conception of fiction is to be found in a few curious remarks at the end of Language and Death. These remarks explain why the distinctions between life and death, animal life and human life, bare life and political forms of life, the outlaw and the sovereign, and the norm and the exception that continue to preoccupy Agamben are all fictions. After considering Agamben’s account of these fictions and their relation to the relevant passage in Language and Death, the article explores the ways Agamben thinks the fictions that govern human action and social life might be unworked.
A simulation‐based evaluation of methods for inferring linear barriers to gene flow
Authors: BLAIR CHRISTOPHER , WEIGEL DANA E. , BALAZIK MATTHEW , KEELEY ANNIKA T. H. , WALKER FAITH M. , LANDGUTH ERIN , CUSHMAN SAM , MURPHY MELANIE , WAITS LISETTE , BALKENHOL NIKO 
Published: May 2012

AbstractDifferent analytical techniques used on the same data set may lead to different conclusions about the existence and strength of genetic structure. Therefore, reliable interpretation of the results from different methods depends on the efficacy and reliability of different statistical methods. In this paper, we evaluated the performance of multiple analytical methods to detect the presence of a linear barrier dividing populations. We were specifically interested in determining if simulation conditions, such as dispersal ability and genetic equilibrium, affect the power of different analytical methods for detecting barriers. We evaluated two boundary detection methods (Monmonier’s algorithm and WOMBLING), two spatial Bayesian clustering methods (TESS and GENELAND), an aspatial clustering approach (STRUCTURE), and two recently developed, non‐Bayesian clustering methods [PSMIX and discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC)]. We found that clustering methods had higher success rates than boundary detection methods and also detected the barrier more quickly. All methods detected the barrier more quickly when dispersal was long distance in comparison to short‐distance dispersal scenarios. Bayesian clustering methods performed best overall, both in terms of highest success rates and lowest time to barrier detection, with GENELAND showing the highest power. None of the methods suggested a continuous linear barrier when the data were generated under an isolation‐by‐distance (IBD) model. However, the clustering methods had higher potential for leading to incorrect barrier inferences under IBD unless strict criteria for successful barrier detection were implemented. Based on our findings and those of previous simulation studies, we discuss the utility of different methods for detecting linear barriers to gene flow.
Clinical characteristics of patients with lung cancer and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in China
Authors: Xu Yan , Zhong Wei , Zhang Li , Zhao Jing , Li Longyun , Wang Mengzhao 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackground:  To identify distinguishing characteristics between patients with lung cancer and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF‐CA) and patients with IPF alone in China.Methods:  The medical records of 24 IPF‐CA patients and 80 IPF patients admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) from 1999 to 2009 were reviewed.Results:  The incidence of lung cancer in IPF patients in our study was 23.1% (24/104), and the percentage of patients who smoked in the IPF‐CA group was higher than the IPF group (87.5% and 55.0%, respectively, P = 0.004). Three symptoms, including productive cough, hemoptysis, and chest pain, were more common in IPF‐CA patients than IPF alone patients. There was no significant difference in the percentage of patients with other abnormal serum tumor markers, except that the percentage of patients with abnormal neuron specific enolase was significantly higher in the IPF‐CA group than in the IPF group (28.6% vs. 7.4%, P = 0.041). The most common histology type was adenocarcinoma (33.3%). The median overall survival for IPF‐CA patients and IPF patients was 7.0 months (95% confidential interval (CI), 2.51–11.49) and 14.0 months (95% CI, 1.26–26.74), respectively, with no significant difference (P = 0.327).Conclusion:  Due to a high proportion of IPF cases complicated with lung cancer, physicians should closely observe lung cancer incidence during the IPF follow‐up period. Individualized treatment for lung cancer patients with IPF is emphasized. Hence, it is important to ensure the safety of cancer treatments.
Prevalence of restless legs syndrome in Japanese patients with chronic liver disease
Authors: Matsuzaki Toshihisa , Ichikawa Tatsuki , Kondo Hideaki , Taura Naota , Miyaaki Hisamitsu , Isomoto Hajime , Takeshima Fuminao , Nakao Kazuhiko 
Published: May 2012

Aim:  Sleep disturbance is a major complication in patients with chronic liver disease, but causes are unclear. The aim of this study was to clarify the prevalence of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in Japanese chronic liver disease patients and investigate the influence on sleep and quality of life.Methods:  The study included 149 consecutive outpatients with chronic liver disease at Nagasaki University Hospital between September 2008 and March 2010. The presence of RLS was evaluated by a written survey using the questionnaire for the epidemiological surveillance of the international RLS research group in 2003. In addition, 89 cases, including all RLS patients, were evaluated for sleep quality and health‐related quality of life. Sleep quality was evaluated by using the Japanese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and health‐related quality of life was evaluated by the Japanese SF‐36 Health Survey.Result:  Twenty‐five of the 149 patients (16.8%) fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for RLS. The median global PSQI score of the RLS group was significantly higher than the non‐RLS group (9 vs 5, P < 0.01). The number of poor sleepers (global PSQI score, >5) in the RLS group was significantly higher than in the non‐RLS group (P < 0.05). In SF‐36, the mental component summary score of the RLS group was 43.8 ± 10.8, which was significantly lower than the non‐RSL group (49.8 ± 10.5; P < 0.05).Conclusion:  This is the first report that clarifies the prevalence of RLS in Japanese chronic liver disease patients. RLS worsens quality of sleep and life in chronic liver disease patients.
Intranasal Immunization with a Formalin-Inactivated Human Influenza A Virus Whole-Virion Vaccine Alone and Intranasal Immunization with a Split-Virion Vaccine with Mucosal Adjuvants Show Similar Levels of Cross-Protection
Authors: Okamoto Shigefumi , Matsuoka Sumiko , Takenaka Nobuyuki , Haredy Ahmad M. , Tanimoto Takeshi , Gomi Yasuyuki , Ishikawa Toyokazu , Akagi Takami , Akashi Mitsuru , Okuno Yoshinobu , Mori Yasuko , Yamanishi Koichi 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTThe antigenicity of seasonal human influenza virus changes continuously; thus, a cross-protective influenza vaccine design needs to be established. Intranasal immunization with an influenza split-virion (SV) vaccine and a mucosal adjuvant induces cross-protection; however, no mucosal adjuvant has been assessed clinically. Formalin-inactivated intact human and avian viruses alone (without adjuvant) induce cross-protection against the highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus. However, it is unknown whether seasonal human influenza formalin-inactivated whole-virion (WV) vaccine alone induces cross-protection against strains within a subtype or in a different subtype of human influenza virus. Furthermore, there are few reports comparing the cross-protective efficacy of the WV vaccine and SV vaccine-mucosal adjuvant mixtures. Here, we found that the intranasal human influenza WV vaccine alone induced both the innate immune response and acquired immune response, resulting in cross-protection against drift variants within a subtype of human influenza virus. The cross-protective efficacy conferred by the WV vaccine in intranasally immunized mice was almost the same as that conferred by a mixture of SV vaccine and adjuvants. The level of cross-protective efficacy was correlated with the cross-reactive neutralizing antibody titer in the nasal wash and bronchoalveolar fluids. However, neither the SV vaccine with adjuvant nor the WV vaccine induced cross-reactive virus-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity. These results suggest that the intranasal human WV vaccine injection alone is effective against variants within a virus subtype, mainly through a humoral immune response, and that the cross-protection elicited by the WV vaccine and the SV vaccine plus mucosal adjuvants is similar.
Immunogenicity and Safety of a Meningococcal Quadrivalent Conjugate Vaccine in Saudi Arabian Adolescents Previously Vaccinated with One Dose of Bivalent and Quadrivalent Meningococcal Polysaccharide Vaccines: a Phase III, Controlled, Randomized, and Modified Blind-Observer Study
Authors: Al-Mazrou Yagob , Khalil Mohamed , Findlow Helen , Chadha Helen , Bosch Castells Valerie , Johnson David R. , Borrow Ray 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTReduced immune responses to repeated polysaccharide vaccination have been previously reported, but there are limited immunogenicity data on the use of meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PSV) followed by meningococcal conjugate vaccine. Saudi Arabian adolescents (aged 16 to 19 years) who had previously been vaccinated with ≥1 dose of bivalent meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine and 1 dose of quadrivalent meningococcal polysaccharide (MPSV4) were enrolled in a controlled, randomized, and modified observer-blind study (collectively termed the PSV-exposed group). The PSV-exposed group was randomized to receive either quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MCV4) (n= 145 PSV-exposed/MCV4 group) or MPSV4 (n= 142 PSV-exposed/MPSV4 group), and a PSV-naïve group received MCV4 (n= 163). Serum samples collected prevaccination and 28 days postvaccination were measured by baby rabbit serum bactericidal antibody (rSBA) assay, and vaccine tolerability and safety were also evaluated. For each serogroup, the postvaccination geometric mean titers (GMTs) were significantly higher in the PSV-naïve group than in either group comprised of the PSV-exposed participants. The postvaccination serogroup C rSBA GMT was significantly higher in the PSV-MCV4 group than in the PSV-MPSV4 group after adjusting for prevaccination GMTs. Although not statistically significant, similar differences were observed for serogroups A, Y, and W-135. No worrisome safety signals were detected. This study demonstrated MCV4 to be safe and immunogenic in those who had previously received polysaccharide vaccination, and it suggests that conjugate vaccine can partially compensate for the hyporesponsiveness seen with repeated doses of polysaccharide vaccine.
Impact of Human Granulocyte and Monocyte Isolation Procedures on Functional Studies
Authors: Zhou Lu , Somasundaram Rajesh , Nederhof Rosa F. , Dijkstra Gerard , Faber Klaas Nico , Peppelenbosch Maikel P. , Fuhler Gwenny M. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTOne of the first lines of defense against infection is the activation of the innate immune system. It is becoming clear that autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease, may be caused by disturbed innate immunity, and relating granulocyte and monocyte functions to the patient genotype has become an important part of contemporary research. Although it is essential to move this field forward, a systematic study comparing the efficacy and suitability for functional studies of the various available protocols for the isolation of these immune cells has not been performed. Here, we compare human granulocyte functionality under three enrichment protocols: (i) Ficoll density gradient centrifugation, (ii) anti-CD15 antibody-conjugated microbeads (positive selection), and (iii) Polymorphoprep. Primary monocytes were isolated in parallel using (i) anti-CD14 magnetic microbeads, (ii) non-monocyte depletion by antibody-conjugated magnetic microbeads (negative selection), (iii) RosetteSep antibody cocktail, and (iv) the classical adherence protocol. The best results in terms of purity and cell functionality were obtained with positive selection by magnetic microbeads for both human granulocytes and monocytes. Whereas phagocytosis ofEscherichia colibacteria was identical in all isolation procedures tested, the granulocyte respiratory burst was higher in positively selected cells. In addition, different granulocyte enrichment procedures affect cell surface receptor expression to different extents.In toto, we propose that positive selection of granulocytes and monocytes be adopted as the procedure of choice for studies of human granulocyte and monocyte functions but caution investigators to be aware of possible alterations in cell phenotypes with different isolation procedures.
Continuous Spread of HIV-1 Subtypes D and CRF01_AE in France from 2003 to 2009
Authors: Brand Denys , Cazein Françoise , Lot Florence , Brunet Sylvie , Thierry Damien , Moreau Alain , Pillonel Josiane , Semaille Caroline , Barin Francis 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT
Among 61 and 35 patients who were infected in France by viruses of the rare clades D and CRF01_AE, respectively, approximately half of them originated from areas where HIV-1 is endemic, but the data showed that both clades have spread in the French indigenous population, particularly in men having sex with men (MSM).
Culture and PCR Detection of Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus haemolyticus in Australian Indigenous Children with Bronchiectasis
Authors: Hare K. M. , Binks M. J. , Grimwood K. , Chang A. B. , Leach A. J. , Smith-Vaughan H. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT

A PCR for protein D (hpd#3) was used to differentiate nontypeable
Haemophilus influenzae
(NTHI) from
Haemophilus haemolyticus
. While 90% of nasopharyngeal specimens and 100% of lower-airway specimens from 84 Indigenous Australian children with bronchiectasis had phenotypic NTHI isolates confirmed as
H. influenzae
, only 39% of oropharyngeal specimens with phenotypic NTHI had
H. influenzae
. The nasopharynx is therefore the preferred site for NTHI colonization studies, and NTHI is confirmed as an important lower-airway pathogen.
First Report of Vancomycin-Intermediate Resistance in Sequence Type 72 Community Genotype Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Chung Doo Ryeon , Baek Jin Yang , Kim Hyun Ah , Lim Min Hee , Kim So Hyun , Ko Kwan Soo , Kang Cheol-In , Peck Kyong Ran , Lee Nam Yong , Song Jae-Hoon 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT

Vancomycin-intermediate resistance has not been previously reported among sequence type 72 (ST72) methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) isolates of SCC
mec
type IV (ST72-MRSA-IV), which are distinctive community genotype strains in Korea. We report the first case of vancomycin treatment failure due to development of vancomycin-intermediate resistance in infection caused by an ST72-MRSA-IV isolate.