bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of morphophonological regularity in young Spanish-speaking children's production of gendered noun phrases
Authors: LINDSEY BRITTANY A. , GERKEN LOUANN 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTAdult Spanish speakers generally know which form a determiner preceding a noun should have even if the noun is not in their lexicon, because Spanish demonstrates high predictability between determiner form and noun form (la noun-a and el noun-o). We asked whether young children learning Spanish are similarly sensitive to the correlation of determiner and noun forms, or whether they initially learn determiner–noun pairings one-by-one. Spanish–English bilingual children and adults repeated Spanish words and non-words preceded by gender congruous and incongruous determiners. If children learn determiner–noun pairings one-by-one, they should show a gender congruity effect only for words. In contrast with this prediction, both children and adults demonstrated congruity effects for words and non-words, indicating sensitivity to correlated morphophonological forms. Furthermore, both age groups showed more facility in producing phrases with nouns ending in -a, which are more frequent and predictable from the preceding determiner.
Cyanobacterial diversity for an anthropogenic impact assessment in the Sør Rondane Mountains area, Antarctica
Authors: Fernández-Carazo Rafael , Namsaraev Zorigto , Mano Marie-Jose , Ertz Damien , Wilmotte Annick 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe recently inaugurated Belgian Princess Elisabeth Station has been built in the Sør Rondane Mountains (Dronning Maud Land). The construction site is situated close to the Utsteinen Nunatak (71°57′S, 23°20′E), on a granite ridge. Prior to the survey and construction activities, the site had been subject to limited or no direct human impacts. Therefore, a biological inventory has been started for future evaluations of human impacts in the area. This study presents the cyanobacterial diversity of ten samples from the Utsteinen ridge, the Utsteinen Nunatak in the vicinity of the station's site and the more distant Ketelersbreen Dry Valley. All samples were taken before the station was built and were studied by light microscopy and Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis. Two strains were also isolated. Two different phenol-based extraction methods, with and without detergent-based steps, were tested to improve the quality of molecular detection from these environmental samples. We observed high cyanobacterial diversity (ten morphotypes and 13 operational taxonomic units) in comparison to other Antarctic terrestrial locations and a widespread distribution pattern within the Sør Rondane Mountains area. This might reflect the habitat similarities and/or the easy local dispersal capabilities of microorganisms within the region. The high diversity and proportion of potential endemic (46%) operational taxonomic units, of which 23% were newly described, suggest that this area could have acted as a biological refuge during past glaciations.
Evolution of the QT interval in premature infants: a preliminary study
Authors: Séguéla Pierre-Emmanuel , Rozé Jean-Christophe , Gournay Véronique 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe association between long QT interval and sudden infant death syndrome has been clearly established. Several studies have been conducted to determine the evolution of the QT interval in childhood from birth, but only in full-term newborns. However, data on the QT interval in pre-term infants are extremely scarce. The objective was to describe the development of the QT interval in premature infants.Material and methodsIn a prospective monocentric study in a neonatal intensive care unit, pre-term newborns born before 37 weeks of gestation without congenital heart disease, family history of long QT, unstable haemodynamic status, or administration of drugs inducing QT interval prolongation were included with parental consent. An electrocardiogram was recorded in similar conditions weekly until discharge in each child. The corrected QT was calculated with Bazett's formula.ResultsIn all, 309 echocardiograms were recorded in 87 children, with gestational age ranging from 24–36 weeks. QT first increased after birth in very premature infants – less than 30 weeks of gestation – and then started to decrease, whereas it only decreased in more mature infants. When plotted against postmenstrual age, QT first increased, and then decreased after 32 weeks.DiscussionOur data suggest that the QT interval varies with postmenstrual age in very premature infants, reaching a peak at 32 weeks. These developmental changes may induce specific vulnerability to QT-lengthening medications in premature infants. This study underlines the need for specific pharmacological studies in this population.
Location prediction of electron TGFs
Authors: Xiong S. , Briggs M. S. , Connaughton V. , Fishman G. J. , Tierney D. , Fitzpatrick G. , Foley S. , Guiriec S. , Holzworth R. H. , Hutchins M. L. 
Published: December 2011

Terrestrial Gamma‐ray Flashes (TGFs) are brief pulses of energetic radiation that correlate with thunderstorms and lightning. Most TGFs are observed as gamma‐ray pulses; less frequently they can be observed as electrons and positrons that travel along the geomagnetic field line from the source to the detector. In this paper we predict where electron TGFs should be observed by tracing geomagnetic field lines from likely TGF sources and determining the intersections with satellite orbits. TGF source locations are based upon lightning maps by the Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) and the Optical Transient Detector (OTD). Predictions are made both for existing spacecraft with instruments observing TGFs and for other orbits. We compare the predictions to the locations of TGFs that have been observed as electron TGFs. 12 of the 13 known electron TGFs are within the predicted high‐rate regions. Based on the predicted location maps of electron TGFs, we find that electron TGFs should sometimes be observed above areas with low lightning activity and that electron TGFs are best observed at low altitudes (below approximately 1000 km).
Detection of Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus by Quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction from Two Fish Species at Two Sites in Lake Superior
Authors: Cornwell Emily R. , Eckerlin Geofrey E. , Getchell Rodman G. , Groocock Geoffrey H. , Thompson Tarin M. , Batts William N. , Casey Rufina N. , Kurath Gael , Winton James R. , Bowser Paul R. , Bain Mark B. , Casey James W. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) was first detected in the Laurentian Great Lakes in 2005 during a mortality event in the Bay of Quinte, Lake Ontario. Subsequent analysis of archived samples determined that the first known isolation of VHSV in the Laurentian Great Lakes was from a muskellunge Esox masquinongy collected in Lake St. Clair in 2003. By the end of 2008, mortality events and viral isolations had occurred in all of the Laurentian Great Lakes except Lake Superior. In 2009, a focused disease surveillance program was designed to determine whether VHSV was also present in Lake Superior. In this survey, 874 fish from 7 sites along the U.S. shoreline of Lake Superior were collected during June 2009. Collections were focused on nearshore species known to be susceptible to VHSV. All fish were dissected individually by using aseptic techniques and were tested for the presence of VHSV genetic material by use of a quantitative reverse transcription (qRT) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the viral nucleoprotein gene. Seventeen fish from two host species at two different sites tested positive at low levels for VHSV. All attempts to isolate virus in cell culture were unsuccessful. However, the presence of viral RNA was confirmed independently in five fish by using a nested PCR that targeted the glycoprotein (G) gene. Partial G gene sequences obtained from three fish were identical to the corresponding sequence from the original 2003 VHSV isolate (MI03) from muskellunge. These detections represent the earliest evidence for the presence of VHSV in Lake Superior and illustrate the utility of the highly sensitive qRT-PCR assay for disease surveillance in aquatic animals.
Received January 30, 2011; accepted July 22, 2011
The use of adrenaline autoinjectors by children and teenagers
Authors: Noimark L. , Wales J. , Du Toit G. , Pastacaldi C. , Haddad D. , Gardner J. , Hyer W. , Vance G. , Townshend C. , Alfaham M. , Arkwright P. D. , Rao R. , Kapoor S. , Summerfield A. , Warner J. O. , Roberts G. 
Published: December 2011

SummaryBackgroundAlthough adrenaline is recommended as first line treatment for anaphylaxis, it is often not utilized. There has been a debate about when adrenaline autoinjectors should be prescribed and how many should be dispensed.ObjectivesTo see how many adrenaline autoinjectors were used during anaphylactic reactions and to determine why they were not used in situations where they were clinically indicated.MethodsPatients were recruited prospectively at 14 paediatric allergy clinics throughout UK. Participants completed a questionnaire covering demographic data, atopic status and details of allergic reactions in the previous year and reasons for using more than one device.ResultsA total of 969 patients were recruited of whom 466 (48.1%, 95% CI: 37.9–58.2) had had at least one reaction in the previous year; 245 (25.3%, 95% CI: 16.2–34.4) of these reactions were anaphylaxis. An adrenaline autoinjector was used by 41 (16.7%, 95% CI: 11.7–21.3) participants experiencing anaphylaxis. Thirteen participants received more than one dose of adrenaline, for nine of these a health professional gave at least one. The commonest reasons for using more than one were severe breathing difficulties (40%), lack of improvement with first dose (20%) and miss‐firing (13.3%). The commonest reasons for not using adrenaline in anaphylaxis were ‘thought adrenaline unnecessary’ (54.4%) and ‘unsure adrenaline necessary’ (19.1%). Many with wheeze did not use their autoinjector.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceAdrenaline is used by only a minority of patients experiencing anaphylaxis in the community. Thirteen of the 41 patients with anaphylaxis who used their autoinjector needed another dose of adrenaline. Further research is needed to consider how to best encourage the usage of adrenaline when clinically indicated in anaphylaxis.
Insights into the historical biogeography of the date palm (Phoenix dactyliferaL.) using geometric morphometry of modern and ancient seeds
Authors: Terral Jean‐Frédéric , Newton Claire , Ivorra Sarah , Gros‐Balthazard Muriel , de Morais Claire Tito , Picq Sandrine , Tengberg Margareta , Pintaud Jean‐Christophe 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAim The main purpose of this work is to understand the origin, history, historical biogeography and mechanisms of date palm (Phoenix dactyliferaL.) domestication.Location Seeds of uncultivatedPhoenixindividuals from isolated Oman populations, cultivated date palm varieties of various geographical origins and other relatedPhoenixspecies were analysed. Additionally, well‐preserved seeds from Egyptian archaeological sites (14th centurybcto 8th centuryad) were compared with the morphometric reference model based on the analysis of modern material.Methods Elliptic Fourier transforms (EFT), a morphometric method applied to shape outline analysis, were used to characterize seed shape and to quantify morphological diversity inP. dactyliferaand related species.Results Analysis of seed outlines by EFT (1) showed thatP. dactyliferacan be differentiated from otherPhoenixspecies and (2) enabled the quantification of patterns of shape differentiation in the genusPhoenixat different taxonomic, geographical and chronological levels. Date palm agrobiodiversity, partitioned in distinct morphotypes, appeared to be complex in terms of geographical structure. Allocation of archaeological seeds to different modernPhoenixforms and date palm morphotypes allowed us to reveal ancient forms consumed and/or exploited in Egypt and finally to determine spatial and temporal changes in agrobiodiversity.Main conclusions Based on the morphological diversity quantified inP. dactyliferaand related species, we characterized ancestral seed shape features present in uncultivated populations. The geographical distribution pattern of seed shapes points to human dispersal routes that spread cultivation from one or more initial ‘domestication centres’. Finally, this work provides a powerful tool to identify ancient forms as demonstrated by the analysis of well‐preserved Egyptian archaeological seeds, dating from the 14th centurybcto the 8th centuryad. Results open new and fascinating perspectives on the investigation of the origins and chrono‐geographical fluctuation of date palm agrobiodiversity.
New sea urchin phylogeography reveals latitudinal shifts associated with speciation
Authors: HART MICHAEL W. 
Published: December 2011

Where do new species arise? When do they form and how do they diverge from a common ancestor? A new comprehensive study of Arbacia sea urchins provides surprising answers to these questions. By combining mtDNA phylogeographic markers with a nuclear locus (encoding the sperm acrosomal protein bindin) known to be susceptible to high rates of adaptive codon evolution, Lessios et al. (2012) show that new species and lineages arose relatively recently, most often in association with latitudinal shifts between the temperate zones and the tropics, and in one case, in association with a significant geological barrier to gene flow (the rise of the Isthmus of Panama). In addition to the ‘where’ and ‘when’ of Arbacia speciation, these new data resolve an important question about ‘who’Arbacia species are by revealing extensive allele sharing at both loci between a pair of broadly sympatric nominal species (that should perhaps be considered a single taxon). ‘How’Arbacia diverge from each other is less easily resolved: there is no evidence for reinforcement (via selection on bindin) as an important source of divergence between nominal species, and there are few other data to decide among the alternative hypotheses to explain Arbacia speciation.
Potential susceptibility of Australian flora to a NA2 isolate of Phytophthora ramorum and pathogen sporulation potential
Authors: Ireland K. B. , Hüberli D. , Dell B. , Smith I. W. , Rizzo D. M. , Hardy G. E. St. J. 
Published: December 2011

SummaryPhytophthora ramorum is an invasive plant pathogen and the cause of considerable and widespread damage in nurseries, gardens and natural woodland ecosystems of the USA and Europe. It is considered to be a significant plant disease as it could cause biodiversity loss and severe economic losses in plant industries in areas where it is not yet known to exist, such as Australasia. Foliar susceptibility and sporulation potential were tested using detached‐leaf assays for 70 Australian native plant species sourced from established gardens and arboreta in California using a NA2 isolate of P. ramorum. Correa‘Sister Dawn’, Eucalyptus regnans, Isopogon cuneatus, I. formosus, Leptospermum scoparium, L. lanigerum and Melaleuca squamea were identified as potentially highly susceptible host species. Hedycarya angustifolia, Olearia argophylla, Phyllocladus aspleniifolius, Pittosporum undulatum and Podocarpus lawrencei were identified as potentially resistant. All 70 species were able to be infected with P. ramorum, as confirmed by reisolation. Putative sporulating hosts include five members of the Myrtaceae, Agonis flexuosa, Corymbia ficifolia, Eucalyptus haemastoma, E. delegatensis and E. viminalis. As a part of a precautionary strategy, the potentially highly susceptible species found in this study are suitable candidates for targeted surveillance programmes in high‐risk incursion areas of Australia and within the global horticultural trade.
Nutritional vitamin D supplementation in haemodialysis: A potential vascular benefit?
Authors: ASSIMON MAGDALENE M , SALENGER PAGE V , EL‐FAWAL HASSAN AN , MASON DARIUS L 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT:Aim:  Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in end‐stage renal disease and has been associated with atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction and left ventricular hypertrophy. Although activated vitamin D has shown to be cardioprotective, the cardiovascular benefits of nutritional vitamin D (i.e. ergocalciferol or cholecalciferol) have not been explored in the dialysis population. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of ergocalciferol therapy on vascular adhesion molecules, markers of inflammation and atherosclerosis among haemodialysis patients.Methods:  This was a pilot study of matched haemodialysis patients. For every patient enrolled taking ergocalciferol, an age and race matched control was recruited. Predialysis blood samples were collected and assayed for adhesion molecules (soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (sVCAM‐1), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (sICAM‐1), E‐selectin and P‐selectin), inflammatory cytokines (interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α)), oxLDL‐β2GPI and IgG anticardiolipin.Results:  A total of 40 haemodialysis patients were studied (20 on ergocalciferol therapy, 20 not receiving ergocalciferol therapy). Patients taking ergocalciferol had higher 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels compared with those not taking ergocalciferol. Even though doxercalciferol usage and dosing was similar between groups, plasma sVCAM‐1, sICAM‐1 and P‐selectin concentrations were lower among ergocalciferol treated patients. No significant differences in E‐selectin, IL‐6, TNF‐α, oxLDL‐β2GPI or anticardiolipin antibody levels were observed.Conclusion:  Patients receiving ergocalciferol had lower plasma levels of vascular adhesion molecules despite equivalent use of activated vitamin D therapy. Future investigations should confirm the role of nutritional vitamin D therapy, in addition to activated D therapy, in haemodialysis patients and the potential vascular benefits of these agents.
Increased self‐transcendence in patients with intractable diseases
Authors: Iwamoto Rie , Yamawaki Niwako , Sato Takeshi 
Published: December 2011

Aims:  Patients with intractable disease require long‐term treatment and experience repeated bouts of progressive symptoms and resolutions, which cause them severe suffering. The aim of this study was to elucidate the concepts of self‐transcendence and subjective well‐being in patients with intractable disease.Methods:  Forty‐four patients with intractable disease (men/women: 22/22) participated. The diseases of the participants were classified into five systems: (i) neural/muscle system; (ii) digestive system; (iii) immunity/blood system; (iv) visual system; and (v) bone/joint system. The controls were 1854 healthy individuals (men/women: 935/869). Participants completed the Self‐Transcendence Scale (STS) and the Japanese version of the World Health Organization‐Subjective Inventory. The Japanese version of the Mini‐International Neuropsychiatric Interview was also used for the intractable disease group.Results:  Analysis of covariance found a significant increase in STS score among the intractable disease group (P < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis showed that the positive affect measured by the World Health Organization‐Subjective Inventory showed the greatest effect on the STS score for the intractable disease group (β = 0.539, P < 0.001).Conclusion:  As a life‐changing experience, an intractable disease may influence an increase in self‐transcendence. The results also showed that there was a strong correlation between self‐transcendence and respondents' subjective well‐being. Our results suggest that patients with life‐changing intractable disease can have a high level of self‐transcendence, which may lead them to regain mental well‐being, and increase their psychological health even in situations that cause physical and mental suffering.
Bupropion for adults with attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder: Meta‐analysis of randomized, placebo‐controlled trials
Authors: Maneeton Narong , Maneeton Benchalak , Srisurapanont Manit , Martin Stephen D. 
Published: December 2011

Aim:  The aim of this study was to systematically review the efficacy, acceptability and tolerability of bupropion in comparison to placebo. Only randomized‐controlled trials were included in the meta‐analysis.Methods:  MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINHL, PsycINFO and Cochrane Controlled Trials Register were searched in October 2010. Study populations comprised adults with any subtype of attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder, attention‐deficit disorder, hyperkinetic disorder, minimal brain dysfunction, minimal cerebral dysfunction or minor cerebral dysfunction. Efficacy outcomes were pooled mean changed scores of the ADHD rating scale (ADHD‐RS) and the overall response rates. The overall discontinuation rate was considered as the measure of acceptability.Results:  A total of 349 participants (n for bupropion treatment = 175) in five published randomized, controlled trials were included. Bupropion sustained‐ or extended‐release was the experimental treatment in all studies. The pooled mean changed score of the ADHD‐RS of the bupropion‐treated group was greater than that of the placebo‐treated group with a weighted mean difference (95%CI) of 5.08 (3.13–7.03). The overall response rate of the bupropion‐treated group was significantly greater than that of placebo‐treated groups with a relative risk (95%CI) of 1.67 (1.23–2.26). However, the pooled overall discontinuation rate and the pooled discontinuation rate due to adverse events were not significantly different between groups with a relative risk (95%CI) of 1.11 (0.71–1.72) and 0.87 (0.08–9.79), respectively.Conclusion:  The evidence suggests that bupropion is superior to placebo and effective for the treatment of ADHD in adults. However, its acceptability and tolerability were not significantly higher than those of placebo.
Time to discontinuation among the three second‐generation antidepressants in a naturalistic outpatient setting of depression
Authors: Lee Young Min , Lee Kyoung‐Uk 
Published: December 2011

Aim:  This study compared the discontinuation time among the three second‐generation antidepressants (paroxetine, venlafaxine, and mirtazapine) in a naturalistic setting for outpatient treatment of depression.Methods:  This study used data from retrospectively reviewed medical records of patients admitted to an outpatient psychiatric clinic between January 2003 and December 2005. Patient groups (paroxetine‐, venlafaxine‐, and mirtazapine‐treated) were compared with each other with regard to their discontinuation times for a 6‐month period after treatment initiation. The data were analyzed, using a Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, and a Cox proportional hazards regression model.Results:  There were no significant differences in discontinuation times among the three second‐generation antidepressants during the 6‐month period after initiation of drug therapy.Conclusions:  In a naturalistic setting for the care of depression, it seems that there are no differences in discontinuation times among these three second‐generation antidepressants.