bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of leaf epicuticular waxes from cerrado species on substrate selection by Atta sexdens rubropilosa
Authors: Sugayama R. L. , Salatino A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe influence of leaf epicuticular waxes of nine woody species from cerrado (a savanna ecosystem of Brazil) on the foraging behavior of the leaf‐cutting ant Atta sexdens rubropilosa Forel, 1908 (Formicidae, Attini) was investigated. Some waxes showed neither inhibitory nor attractive effect over a series of tests, while a second group caused a delayed rejection. Waxes of two species were shown to be strongly deterrent to the ants. Since different waxes caused different responses, it is concluded that their chemical composition, rather than hydrophobicity or mechanical constraints, accounts for the observed effects. Plant species with leaves rejected by the ants did not necessarily have repellent waxes. On the other hand, no species with acceptable leaves yielded waxes with deterrent effects.
Development of mating disruption for control of pine sawfly populations
Authors: Anderbrant Olle , Löfqvist Jan , Högberg Hans‐Erik , Hedenström Erik 
Published: April 2011

AbstractMating disruption of the pine sawfly Neodiprion sertifer (Geoffroy) (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) was strongly indicated by reduced male trap catches in pine plantations permeated with the sex pheromone, (2S, 3S, 7S)‐diprionyl acetate. The trap catch reduction was 95 to near 100% when dispensers every 10 m were used, giving a total release of about 3 mg per hectare and day. Two mg of pheromone per cotton roll dispenser maintained low catches for the whole season (about 2 months) without any renewal of disruption dispensers. An erythro‐mixture was as effective as the pure pheromone isomer. The effects of the experiments on population density and sex ratio were not possible to investigate, due to a general collapse of the population, also outside experimental plots, the year after the experiments.
Antifeedant effects of plant lectins and an enzyme on the adult stage of the rice brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens
Authors: Powell K.S. , Gatehouse A.M.R. , Hilder V.A. , Gatehouse J.A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe feeding activity of adult rice brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stal) on selected proteins incorporated into artificial diets was examined, based on quantitative analysis of honeydew excretion, in order to determine the mechanism of action of antimetabolic proteins towards homopteran pests. The lectins Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and the enzyme soybean lipoxygenase (LPO), previously demonstrated to be toxic to this insect, reduced honeydew excretion levels of adult Nilaparvata lugens over a 24 h period when incorporated into artificial diet at 0.1% {w:v}, indicating that these proteins acted as antifeedants. Of the proteins tested GNA was the most effective antifeedant, reducing honeydew droplet production by 96%, although after 24 h there was some recovery in the honeydew excretion levels and thus the insects appeared to tolerate the presence of the antifeedant with time. The lectin Pisum sativum agglutinin (PSA), previously demonstrated to be non‐toxic, showed no antifeedant properties.
Different antimetabolic effects of related lectins towards nymphal stages of Nilaparvata lugens
Authors: Powell K. S. , Gatehouse A. M. R. , Hilder V. A. , Van Damme E. J. M. , Peumans W. J. , Boonjawat J. , Horsham K. , Gatehouse J. A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractInsect feeding trials were carried out to determine the effects of a range of mannose‐specific lectins on third instar nymphs of the rice brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens. Stål. Dose response curves show that Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) has the strongest toxic effect of the lectins tested, and is effective at concentrations considerably lower than those previously reported. Narcissus pseudonarcissus agglutinin (NPA) and Allium sativum agglutinin (ASA) exhibit a significant antimetabolic effect towards the insect but were less effective (on a molar basis) than GNA. LC50 values for GNA, NPA and ASA are approximately 4 μM, 11 μM and >40 μM respectively. These mannose‐specific lectins are serologically identical, but differ in the number of subunits per protein molecule; ASA is a dimer, NPA is a trimer and GNA is a tetramer. The results obtained support the hypothesis, that the effectiveness of the mannose‐binding lectins as antimetabolites is determined by the number of subunits per molecule. Two N‐acetylglucosamine binding lectins, the dimeric Oryza sativa agglutinin (OSA) and the monomeric Urtica dioica agglutinin (UDA), were also tested but at a concentration of 0.1% w/v exhibited no significant antimetabolic effect towards BPH, although the related lectin wheatgerm agglutinin (WGA) has previously been demonstrated to be toxic towards the insect.
Fecundity and oviposition of Eucelatoria bryani, a gregarious parasitoid of Helicoverpa zea and Heliothis virescens
Authors: Reitz Stuart R. , Adler Peter H. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe examined longevity, fecundity, and oviposition strategies of Eucelatoria bryani Sabrosky (Diptera: Tachinidae), a gregarious endoparasitoid of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) and Heliothis virescens (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Longevity of adult female E. bryani was not related to body size. In contrast to longevity, larger E. bryani females had greater potential fecundity than smaller females, as determined by the number of embryonated eggs present in the common oviduct. However, female parasitoid size did not affect primary clutch size (number of eggs deposited in a host). Because embryos in eggs located in the ovisac were larger than those located elsewhere in the common oviduct, maximum primary clutch size may be physiologically limited by the number of fully mature eggs a female has available at one time. E. bryani females adjusted primary clutch size in response to host size, for both H. zea and H. virescens. This adjustment appears to be adaptive because females did not overexploit hosts by depositing more larvae than a host could support. Adult emergence was not related to host size. Although host weight positively influenced E. bryani progeny weight, increases in progeny size with host size were counterbalanced by increases in primary clutch size with host size.
Life history of Aphis gossypii on cucumber: influence of temperature, host plant and parasitism
Authors: van Steenis M. J. , El‐Khawass K. A. M. H. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractLife table data for Aphis gossypii Glover (Homoptera: Aphididae), an important pest in glasshouse cucumber crops, were studied at 20, 25 and 30 °C on two cucumber cultivars (Cucumis sativus L.) in controlled climate cabinets. The development time on the cucumber cv. ‘Sporu’ ranged from 4.8 days at 20 °C to 3.2 days at 30 °C. Immature mortality was approximately 20% and did not differ between temperatures. Most mortality occurred during the first instar. Reproduction periods did not differ among temperatures, but at 25 and 30 °C more nymphs were produced (65.9 and 69.8 nymphs/♀, respectively) than at 20 °C (59,9 nymphs/♀) because of a higher daily reproduction. Intrinsic rate of increase was greatest at 25 °C (rm = 0.556 day−1). At 20 and 30 °C the intrinsic rate of increase was 0.426 and 0.510, respectively. On cv. ‘Aramon’, the development time of A. gossypii was approximately 20% longer at all temperatures. Immature mortality did not differ between the two cultivars. The intrinsic rate of increase on cv. ‘Aramon’ was 15% smaller than on cv. ‘Sporu’. The use of cucumber cultivars partially resistant to aphids is discussed in relation to biological control of cotton aphid in glasshouses. Development time and immature mortality on leaves of the middle and upper leaf layer of glasshouse grown cucumber plants (cv. ‘Aramon’) were comparable to development in the controlled climate cabinets. On the lower leaves immature mortality was much higher (approximately 82%) than on leaves of the middle (24.0%) and upper leaf layer (24.5%). Reproduction was less on the lower leaf layer (45.9, 70.5 and 70.1 nymphs/♀ on leaves of the lower, middle and upper leaf layer, respectively).Aphids, successfully parasitized by Aphidius colemani Viereck (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) only reproduced when they were parasitized after the third instar. Fecundity was 0.1 to 0.9 and 10.5 to 13.3 nymphs/♀ for aphids parasitized in the fourth instar or as adults, respectively. Reproduction of aphids that were stung but survived the attack was lower than for aphids not stung. Average longevity of these aphids was equal to the longevity of aphids not stung by A. colemani.
Seasonal body weight, lipid content, and impact of starvation and water stress on adult survivorship and longevity of Nezara viridula and Euschistus heros
Authors: Panizzi Antônio R. , Hirose Edson 
Published: April 2011

AbstractFresh and dry body weights (FW, DW) were greater for adult southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.) than for the brown stink bug, Euschistus heros F. throughout the year in southern Brazil. Females N. viridula significantly increased FW and DW in late summer‐early autumn, and during mid‐spring; female E. heros did not show the same rates of increase in FW and DW. Female N. viridula were heavier than males, particularly during summer; however, female and male E. heros were generally similar in weight. E. heros contained significantly greater amounts of lipid than N. viridula, during mid‐autumn to early‐spring (April‐September). Survivorship (%) and total longevity of E. heros adults provided water only was greater (34.6–24.6 days, for females and males) than that for N. viridula (14.8–13.0 days); without water and food, longevity was drastically reduced (<7 days) for both species.
Vertical distribution of codling moth adults in pheromone‐treated and untreated plots
Authors: Weissling Thomas J. , Knight Alan L. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe vertical distribution of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) within pheromone‐treated and untreated apple and pear orchard canopies was determined using tethered virgin females, unbaited sticky traps, and blacklight observation of released moths. Mating of virgin females tethered at various heights in untreated orchard canopies increased with placement height from 1–4 m. Application of pheromone dispensers for mating disruption at 2 and 4 m above the ground greatly decreased mating. Greatest capture of males and females on unbaited sticky traps occurred at mid‐ and upper‐canopy heights. Total capture of males and females in pheromone‐treated plots was not statistically different than in untreated plots. The percentage of mated females captured on sticky traps did not vary with trap height or pheromone treatment. Released moths marked with fluorescent powder and observed at dark with a blacklight indicated that moths are primarily distributed high in the canopy. However, males shifted to a position lower in the canopy when pheromone dispensers were placed 2.1 m above the ground. Results suggest that pheromone dispensers be placed in the upper canopy for optimal disruption of codling moth mating.
A Combined Strategy of SAGE and Quantitative PCR Provides a 13-Gene Signature that Predicts Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy Response and Outcome in Rectal Cancer
Authors: Casado Enrique , García Victor Moreno , Sánchez Jose Javier , Blanco Montserrat , Maurel Joan , Feliu Jaime , Fernández-Martos Carlos , de Castro Javier , Castelo Beatriz , Belda-Iniesta Cristóbal , Sereno María , Sánchez-Llamas Benito , Burgos Emilio , García-Cabezas Miguel Ángel , Manceñido Noemí , Miquel Rosa , García-Olmo Damián , González-Barón Manuel , Cejas Paloma 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Purpose: Preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is the treatment of choice for rectal cancer (RC), but half of the patients do not respond, suffer unnecessary toxicities, and surgery delays. We aimed to develop a model that could predict a clinically meaningful response to CRT by using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) biopsies.
Experimental Design: We first carried out an exploratory screening of candidate genes by using SAGE technology to evaluate dynamic changes in the RC transcriptome in selected refractory patients before and after CRT. Next, 53 genes (24 from SAGE and 29 from the literature) were analyzed by qPCR arrays in FFPE initial biopsies from 94 stage II/III RC patients who were preoperatively treated with CRT. Tumor response was defined by using Dworak's tumor regression grade (2–3–4 vs. 0–1). Multivariate Cox methods and stepwise algorithms were applied to generate an optimized predictor of response and outcome.
Results: In the training cohort (57 patients), a 13-gene signature predicted tumor response with 86% accuracy, 87% sensitivity, and 82% specificity. In a testing cohort (37 patients), the model correctly classified 6 of 7 nonresponders, with an overall accuracy of 76%. A signature-based score identified patients with a higher risk of relapse in univariate (3-year disease-free survival 64% vs. 90%, P = 0.001) and multivariate analysis (HR = 4.35 95% CI: 1.2–15.75, P = 0.02), in which it remained the only statistically significant prognostic factor.
Conclusions: A basal 13-gene signature efficiently predicted CRT response and outcome. Multicentric validation by the GEMCAD collaborative group is currently ongoing. If confirmed, the predictor could be used to improve patient selection in RC studies. Clin Cancer Res; 17(12); 4145–54. ©2011 AACR.
Modification of the Orthodromic Temporalis Tendon Transfer Technique for Reanimation of the Paralyzed Face
Authors: Sidle Douglas M. , Fishman Andrew J. 
Published: April 2011

ObjectiveTo report a modification of the temporalis tendon transfer technique used in facial paralysis where dynamic adjacent muscle transfer is determined to be the best treatment option.Study designCase series with chart review.SettingTertiary care teaching hospital.Subjects and MethodsReview of 10 consecutive patients who underwent orthodromic transfer of the temporalis tendon and the attached coronoid process for the treatment of long‐standing facial paralysis. Outcomes measured included patient satisfaction, measurements of oral commissure elevation with smiling, and grading of preoperative and postoperative patient photographs by objective physician observers. Reporting of complications.ResultsPatient satisfaction was high, with a mean score of 7.0 (possible score of 10). Four patients were graded by the observer as excellent to superb. The other 6 patients were rated as having fair to good postoperative results. Movement was identified in every patient and ranged from 2.1 to 9.3 mm, with mean movement of the oral commissure of 5.12 mm. One patient developed a seroma at the site of harvest of the fascia that was drained without further complication.ConclusionsThis facial reanimation procedure is a novel modification of the temporalis tendon transfer technique in which the coronoid process is transferred in conjunction with the tendon. This technique is minimally invasive and may result in less variability of the postoperative aesthetic result. The procedure allows orthodromic action of the temporalis muscle, is relatively easy to perform, and eliminates the facial asymmetry typically produced by transfer of the origin of the temporalis muscle.
Context-specific gene regulatory networks subdivide intrinsic subtypes of breast cancer
Authors: Nasser Sara , Cunliffe Heather E , Black Michael A , Kim Seungchan 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Background
Breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease with respect to molecular alterations and cellular composition making therapeutic and clinical outcome unpredictable. This diversity creates a significant challenge in developing tumor classifications that are clinically reliable with respect to prognosis prediction.

Results
This paper describes an unsupervised context analysis to infer context-specific gene regulatory networks from 1,614 samples obtained from publicly available gene expression data, an extension of a previously published methodology. We use the context-specific gene regulatory networks to classify the tumors into clinically relevant subgroups, and provide candidates for a finer sub-grouping of the previously known intrinsic tumors with a focus on Basal-like tumors. Our analysis of pathway enrichment in the key contexts provides an insight into the biological mechanism underlying the identified subtypes of breast cancer.

Conclusions
The use of context-specific gene regulatory networks to identify biological contexts from heterogenous breast cancer data set was able to identify genomic drivers for subgroups within the previously reported intrinsic subtypes. These subgroups (contexts) uphold the clinical relevant features for the intrinsic subtypes and were associated with increased survival differences compared to the intrinsic subtypes. We believe our computational approach led to the generation of novel rationalized hypotheses to explain mechanisms of disease progression within sub-contexts of breast cancer that could be therapeutically exploited once validated.
A longitudinal study of allergy and intestinal helminth infections in semi urban and rural areas of Flores, Indonesia (ImmunoSPIN Study)
Authors: Hamid Firdaus , Wiria Aprilianto E , Wammes Linda J , Kaisar Maria MM , Lell Bertrand , Ariawan Iwan , Uh Hae Won , Wibowo Heri , Djuardi Yenny , Wahyuni Sitti , Schot Robert , Verweij Jaco J , van Ree Ronald , May Linda , Sartono Erliyani , Yazdanbakhsh Maria , Supali Taniawati 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of asthma and atopic disease has been reported to be low in low income countries, however helminth infections are likely to be high among these communities. The question of whether helminth infections play a role in allergic diseases can best be addressed by intervention studies. None of the studies so far have been based on a large scale placebo-controlled trial.Method/DesignThis study was designed to assess how intestinal helminth infections can influence the immune response and atopic and allergic disorders in children in Indonesia. The relations between allergic outcomes and infection and lifestyle factors will be addressed. This study was set up among school-age children in semi urban and rural areas, located in Ende District of Flores Island, Indonesia. A randomized placebo-controlled anthelmintic treatment trial to elucidate the impact of helminth infections on the prevalence of skin prick test (SPT) reactivity and symptoms of allergic diseases will be performed. The children living in these semi-urban and rural areas will be assessed for SPT to allergens before and after 1 and 2 years of treatment as the primary outcome of the study; the secondary outcome is symptoms (asthma and atopic dermatitis); while the tertiary outcome is immune responses (both antibody levels to allergens and cellular immune responses).DiscussionThe study will provide information on the influence of helminth infections and anthelmintic treatment on immune response, atopy and allergic disorders.Trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN:ISRCTN83830814
Social capital and life satisfaction: a cross-sectional study on persons with musculoskeletal impairments in Hanoi, Vietnam
Authors: Takahashi Kyo , Thuy Nguyen Thi Minh , Poudel Krishna C , Sakisaka Kayako , Jimba Masamine , Yasuoka Junko 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Background
Social capital has been recognized as a major social determinant of health, but less attention has been given to social capital of persons with musculoskeletal impairments. The present study aimed to explore the associations between social capital and life satisfaction of persons with musculoskeletal impairments in Hanoi, Vietnam.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted in Hanoi, Vietnam. From June to July 2008, we collected data from 136 persons with musculoskeletal impairments who belonged to disabled people's groups. Social capital was measured using a short version of the Adapted Social Capital Assessment Tool that included group membership, support from groups, support from individuals, citizenship activities, and cognitive social capital. Life satisfaction was measured using the Satisfaction with Life Scale. As possible confounding factors, we measured socio-economic factors and disability-related factors such as activities of daily living.

Results
After controlling for confounding effects, group membership remained significantly associated with the level of life satisfaction reported by the persons with musculoskeletal impairments. In particular, being an active member of two or more groups was associated with higher life satisfaction. In contrast, other components of social capital such as citizenship activities and cognitive social capital were not significant in the multiple regression analysis of this study.

Conclusions
The findings suggest the importance of considering an active participation in multiple groups toward the enhancement of the life satisfaction among persons with musculoskeletal impairments. To encourage persons with musculoskeletal impairments to have multiple active memberships, their access to groups should be facilitated and enhanced.
Malaria diagnostic testing and treatment practices in three different Plasmodium falciparum transmission settings in Tanzania: before and after a government policy change
Authors: Bastiaens Guido JH , Schaftenaar Erik , Ndaro Arnold , Keuter Monique , Bousema Teun , Shekalaghe Seif A 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Background
Patterns of decreasing malaria transmission intensity make presumptive treatment of malaria an unjustifiable approach in many African settings. The controlled use of anti-malarials after laboratory confirmed diagnosis is preferable in low endemic areas. Diagnosis may be facilitated by malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). In this study, the impact of a government policy change, comprising the provision of RDTs and advice to restrict anti-malarial treatment to RDT-positive individuals, was assessed by describing diagnostic behaviour and treatment decision-making in febrile outpatients <10 years of age in three hospitals in the Kagera and Mwanza Region in northern Tanzania.

Methods
Prospective data from Biharamulo and Rubya Designated District Hospital (DDH) were collected before and after policy change, in Sumve DDH no new policy was implemented. Diagnosis of malaria was confirmed by RDT; transmission intensity was evaluated by a serological marker of malaria exposure in hospital attendees.

Results
Prior to policy change, there was no evident association between the actual level of transmission intensity and drug-prescribing behaviour. After policy change, there was a substantial decrease in anti-malarial prescription and an increase in prescription of antibiotics. The proportion of parasite-negative individuals who received anti-malarials decreased from 89.1% (244/274) to 38.7% (46/119) in Biharamulo and from 76.9% (190/247) to 10.0% (48/479) in Rubya after policy change.

Conclusion
This study shows that an official policy change, where RDTs were provided and healthcare providers were advised to adhere to RDT results in prescribing drugs can be followed by more rational drug-prescribing behaviour. The current findings are promising for improving treatment policy in Tanzanian hospitals.