bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmentally Benign Urea‐modifed Triticum aestivum Biomass for Lead (II) Elimination from Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Farooq Umar , Khan Misbahul Ain , Athar Makshoof , Sakina Mehnaz , Ahmad Muhammad 
Published: January 2010

AbstractLead is among the three most toxic heavy metal ions (mercury, lead and cadmium). A number of methods are in use for the treatment of lead contaminated waters. The materials used for these are too expensive to be economical for lower concentrations of lead. Raw biological materials have been investigated as alternates. They can be chemically modified or pretreated in an attempt to increase their metal capturing capacities. A new material has been prepared from widely available wheat straw (WS) and urea using microwave radiation and its biosorptive behavior for lead ions has been studied. Modified wheat straw (MWS) was subjected to aqueous lead ions to optimize parameters like pH, contact time, MWS dose and temperature. A known amount of MWS was put in contact with certain concentrations of Pb (II) ions at specified temperatures and pH for certain periods of time. Time of contact, pH, dose and temperature were optimized. The sorption of lead by MWS followed the Langmuir model with a maximum sorption capacity (qmax) of 31.85 mg/g and pseudo second‐order kinetics under a specified set of conditions. The changes in the values of free energy (ΔG°) and enthalpy (ΔH°) indicated the spontaneous, feasible and endothermic nature of sorption process. MWS has been found to be better biosorbent for lead ions than simple wheat straw and certain other biosorbents. WS and urea are easily available, cost effective, and the modification process is simple. So, MWS appears to be a cost effective material for Pb (II) sorption.
Oxidative Phenol Degradation Using Non‐Noble Metal Based Catalysts
Authors: Garg Anurag , Mishra Indra Mani , Chand Shri 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPhenol laden waste streams are not considered suitable for conventional biological treatment if phenol is present in amounts higher than 70 mg/L. Catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) is one of the potential methods for treating waste streams containing such compounds. The present work investigated the degradation of synthetic wastewater contaminated with phenol (1 g/L) using a CWAO process in the presence of homogenous (CuSO4) and heterogeneous (LaCoO3, CuX and CuO‐ZnO/CeO2) catalysts. The reaction was conducted at low temperature (90°C) and atmospheric pressure, and at moderate operating conditions (T ⪈ 160°C and total pressure ⪇0.8 MPa). Among all the tested catalysts, CuSO4, LaCoO3 and CuX were used for WAO reactions performed at atmospheric pressure conditions, whereas the performance of CuO‐ZnO/CeO2 catalyst was tested in above atmospheric pressure studies. At atmospheric conditions, homogeneous CuSO4 was found to be the best showing ca. 90% phenol degradation and ca. 83% chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction after a 24 h reaction period. The above atmospheric studies with catalyst showed ca. 82% phenol reduction and 54% COD removal within 3 h reaction time. The effect of pH, catalyst concentration, pressure and temperature are also reported. Finally, the major results are summarized and the recommendations for future work are given.
Sulfur Dioxide Removal by Using Leather Factory Wastewater
Authors: Ipek Ubeyde 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis study shows the ability of wastewater from a liming and unhairing unit in a leather factory to remove sulfur dioxide (SO2). The pH of the wastewater reached neutral values during SO2 removal by wet scrubbing. Experiments were carried out at five inlet flue SO2 concentrations. These concentrations were 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, and 5000 ppm. The results indicate that the inlet SO2 concentration influenced the removal efficiency and the maximum removal efficiencies varied from 96 to 99%. When the inlet SO2 concentration and the flow rate of the flue were kept around 1000 ppm and 44 L/s, respectively, the SO2 concentration in the outlet flue was determined to be less than 50 ppm after 80 s. Subsequently, the SO2 concentration ranged from 10–50 ppm after 13 minutes. At the end of the running period, the wastewater was also neutralized. When the inlet concentration was increased to around 2000 ppm, the concentrations of SO2 in the outlet flue ranged from 10–50 ppm after 7 minutes. SO2 removal decreased as the SO2 concentration in the inlet flue increased.
Membrane Filtration of Nickel(II) on Cellulose Acetate Filters for Its Preconcentration, Separation, and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Determination
Authors: Soylak Mustafa , Unsal Yunus Emre , Aydin Ayse , Kizil Nebiye 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAn enrichment method for trace amounts of Ni(II), as 8‐hydroxyquinoline chelates, has been established on a cellulose acetate membrane filter. Ni(II)‐8‐hydroxyquinoline chelates adsorbed on a membrane filter were eluted using 5 mL of 1 M HNO3. The eluent nickel concentration was determined by a flame atomic absorption spectrometer. The influence of some analytical parameters, including pH, amount of reagent, sample volume, etc., on recovery was investigated. The interference of co‐existent ions was studied. The nickel detection limit was 4.87 μg/L. The method was applied to real samples for the determination of nickel(II) ions.
Gas Permeable‐Membrane for Hydrogenotrophic Denitrification
Authors: Hasar Halil , Ipek Ubeyde 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) involves a process in which the membrane provides effective H2 utilization as an electron donor. MBfRs overcome the problems caused from the particularly low solubility of the gas delivered into a liquid by means of a gas‐permeable membrane. The study demonstrates that the MBfR is successful in the effective removal of nitrate from drinking water or nitrified water, involving a hydraulic retention time of 25 min for a maximum nitrate removal of 98%. The H2 flux reaches a level of 1.24 g H2/m2 d when the denitrification rate achieves 3.5 g N/m2 d at 0.2 atm H2 pressure. The results indicate that the biofilm on outer walls of the gas permeable membrane utilizes all of the H2 gas effectively as an electron donor since the H2 is not detectable in the bulk liquid. In the future, the MBfR could be an attractive process for water and wastewater engineers due to its applicability for treatment of secondary effluent from industrial and municipal wastewater and drinking water.
Hg(II) Removal from Aqueous Solutions by Bacillus subtilis Biomass
Authors: Wang Xue Song , Li Fei Yan , He Wen , Miao Hua Hua 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe biosorption of Hg(II) from aqueous solutions using Bacillus subtilis biomass was investigated in this study. The adsorbent was characterized by FTIR. Various factors including solution pH, initial concentration of Hg(II), contact time, reaction temperature and ionic strength were taken into account and promising results were obtained. An initial solution pH of 5.0 was most favorable for Hg(II) removal. The kinetic data was also analyzed using pseudo first order and pseudo second order equations. The results suggested that Hg(II) bioadsorption was best represented by the pseudo second order equation. Freundlich, Langmuir and Langmuir‐Freundlich isotherms for the present systems were analyzed. The most satisfactory interpretation for the equilibrium data at different temperatures was given by the Langmuir‐Freundlich isotherm. The effect of ionic strength on bioadsorption was significant. Bacillus subtilis biomass could serve as low cost adsorbent to remove Hg(II) from aqueous solutions, especially at lower concentrations of Hg(II) (<20 mg Hg/L).
Myosin diversity in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum
Authors: Heintzelman Matthew B. , Enriquez Matthew E. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis report describes the domain architecture of ten myosins cloned from the pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Several of the P. tricornutum myosins show similarity to myosins from the centric diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana as well as to one myosin from the oomycete Phytophthora ramorum. The P. tricornutum myosins, ranging in size from 126 kDa to over 250 kDa, all possess the canonical head, neck and tail domains common to most myosins, though variations in each of these domains is evident. Among the features distinguishing several of the diatom myosin head domains are N‐terminal SH3‐like domains, variations in or near the P‐loop and Loop 1 regions close to the nucleotide binding pocket, and extended converter domains. Variations in the length of the neck domain or lever arm, defined by the light chain‐binding IQ motifs, are apparent with the different diatom myosins predicted to contain from one to nine IQ motifs. Protein domains found within the P. tricornutum myosin tails include regions of coiled‐coil structure, ankyrin repeats, CBS domain pairs, a PB1 domain, a kinase domain and a FYVE‐finger motif. As many of these features have never before been characterized in myosins of any type, it is likely that these new diatom myosins will expand the repertoire of known myosin behaviors. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MAP65 in tubulin/colchicine paracrystals of Vigna sinensis root cells: Possible role in the assembly and stabilization of atypical tubulin polymers
Authors: Panteris Emmanuel , Komis George , Adamakis Ioannis‐Dimosthenis S. , Šamaj Jozef , Bosabalidis Artemios M. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractMembers of the MAP65 family, colocalizing with microtubule arrays, have been identified in Vigna sinensis root cells by Western blotting and immunofluorescence. MAP65 proteins were also found in tubulin/colchicine paracrystals, which were formed during colchicine treatment by both immunofluorescence and immunogold microscopy. During recovery from colchicine, MAP65 signal was depleted from disintegrating paracrystals appearing in the reinstating microtubule arrays. MAP65‐free perinuclear tubulin/colchicine aggregates were observed in plasmolyzed colchicine‐treated cells. Deplasmolysis of the above cells resulted in the formation of MAP65‐decorated paracrystals. As confirmed by appropriate biochemical assays with the Phos‐tag reagent, MAP65 proteins underwent phosphorylation during plasmolysis, which was reversible by deplasmolysis. According to the effect of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor UO126, the phosphorylation status of MAP65, as well as its presence in tubulin/colchicine polymers is probably controlled by MAPK‐mediated phosphorylation. According to the above, it seems likely that apart from binding to microtubules, MAP65 proteins may act as “tubulin associated proteins” in a broader manner, promoting the polymerization and/or stabilization of atypical polymers such as tubulin/colchicine paracrystals. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Implications of key trials in advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Bonomi Philip D. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractMany different targeted therapies with varying mechanisms of action have been added to standard first‐line chemotherapy doublets in an effort to improve survival of patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Only 2 targeted therapies—bevacizumab and cetuximab—have been associated with superior survival in phase 3 first‐line studies. For both agents, the decision to enter phase 3 was based on results from randomized phase 2 trials, unlike other targeted therapies where the decision was made using either phase 1 or single study arm phase 2 results. There is also mounting evidence that patient selection will play a key role in the successful development of any targeted agent. Bevacizumab is indicated for patients with nonsquamous NSCLC who do not have certain comorbidities. Use of cetuximab is not restricted by safety factors, but may be focused on patients whose tumors are epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐dependent; whether EGFR expression or absence of KRAS mutations are appropriate markers is still under study. By including randomized phase 2 trials in the development pathway, and by improving patient selection for individual agents (enriching trials with patients most likely to respond), it may be possible to enhance the success rate of future phase 3 clinical trials and, in turn, define future clinical practice with improved patient outcomes. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Genetic alterations between primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and recurrence after radiotherapy
Authors: Deganello Alberto , Franchi Alessandro , Sardi Iacopo , Pignataro Lorenzo , Leemans C. René , Gallo Oreste 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:In the attempt to characterize the genetic bases of recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) after radiotherapy (RT), the authors compared the molecular profiles of primary tumors and recurrences.METHODS:TP53 gene status and instability at 10 microsatellite markers were determined in pre‐RT lesions and corresponding local recurrences in a series of 16 HNSCCs.RESULTS:Eight (50%) HNSCCs showed both TP53 and microsatellite instability (MSI) status concordance in pre‐ and postirradiation biopsies; 3 (18.7%) showed discordance of both TP53 and MSI status; and finally 5 (31.2%) had discordance at only 1 genetic test. Accordingly, the authors interpreted as true recurrence the 8 concordant cases, and as true second primary malignancies the 3 discordant ones. In the remaining 5 cases with partial DNA correspondence, the exact nature of the new lesion only partially related to the original cancer is a matter of discussion. Patients showing the same mutations among pre‐ and post‐RT HNSCCs had a longer disease‐free interval (DFI) and better survival than those showing discordant genetic features (log‐rank test, P = .0045).CONCLUSIONS:Post‐RT recurrent HNSCCs are genetically heterogeneous. The genetic characterization of the recurrence, especially in those cases with a particularly short DFI showing partially discordant mutations, might have a useful clinical relevance in the restaging process. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Elevated levels of the acute‐phase serum amyloid are associated with heightened lung cancer risk
Authors: Cremona Mattia , Calabrò Elisa , Randi Giorgia , De Bortoli Maida , Mondellini Piera , Verri Carla , Sozzi Gabriella , Pierotti Marco A. , La Vecchia Carlo , Pastorino Ugo , Bongarzone Italia 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:The authors investigated whether early stage lung cancer could be identified by proteomic analyses of plasma.METHODS:For the first case‐control study, plasma samples from 52 patients with lung cancer and from a group of 51 controls were analyzed by surface‐enhanced laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. In a second case‐control study, a classifier of 4 markers (mass‐to‐charge ratio, 11,681, 6843, 5607, and 8762) also was tested for validation on plasma from 16 consecutive patients with screen‐detected cancer versus 406 healthy individuals. The most relevant marker was identified, and an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay‐based analysis revealed that signal intensity was correlated with concentration.RESULTS:The classifier had a sensitivity of 94.23% and a specificity of 76.47% in the first study but lost predictive value in the second study. Nevertheless, the 11,681 cluster, which was identified as serum amyloid protein A (SAA), resulted in a multiple logistic regression model that indicated a strong association with lung cancer. When both studies were considered as a together, the odds ratio (OR) for an SAA intensity ≥0.5 was 10.27 (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.64‐22.74), whereas an analysis restricted to stage I cancers (TNM classification) revealed an OR of 8.45 (95% CI, 2.76‐25.83) for T1 lung cancer and 21.22 (95% CI, 5.62‐80.14) for T2 lung cancer.CONCLUSIONS:SAA levels were predictive of an elevated risk of lung cancer, supporting the general view that inflammation is implicated in lung cancer development. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Locoregional treatment of primary breast cancer
Authors: Kaufmann Manfred , Morrow Monica , von Minckwitz Gunter , Harris Jay R. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractGuidelines for the locoregional treatment of primary breast cancer were last published by the US National Institutes of Health in 1991. Since then, new surgical and radiotherapeutic techniques have been developed, clinical trials have provided new evidence, and intriguing long‐term effects have emerged from global metadatabases. A revision of these guidelines is therefore necessary and timely. To address this concern, in October 2008, a group of opinion leaders from Austria, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and the United States who have worked and published in the field of locoregional treatment met and collectively prepared and approved the described set of recommendations for the use of surgery and radiotherapy in primary breast cancer outside of clinical trials. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Axillary sentinel lymph node biopsy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for carcinoma of the breast
Authors: Schwartz Gordon F. , Tannebaum Jonathan E. , Jernigan Amelia M. , Palazzo Juan P. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:The timing and accuracy of axillary sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in patients who are receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) for breast cancer are controversial. To examine the accuracy of SLNB after NACT, the authors performed SLNB after chemotherapy on all of patients who received NACT at their institution starting in January 1997.METHODS:Seventy‐nine women who underwent NACT between 1997 and 2008 comprised this study and were divided as follows: 4 women had stage I disease, 60 women had stage II disease, and 15 women had stage III disease, including 10 women who had multicentric disease. Thirty‐nine women (49.4%) had clinical evidence of axillary metastasis (N1‐N2) at the time of diagnosis. The regimen, the duration of treatment, and the number of cycles of NACT depended on clinical response. The choice of breast conservation therapy or mastectomy was based on the patient's response to treatment and patient preference. All patients underwent SLNB after NACT.RESULTS:Seventy‐three patients underwent breast conservation therapy, and 6 patients underwent mastectomy. Sentinel lymph nodes were identified in 98.7% of patients (in 1 patient, SLNB failed to capture 1 proven axillary metastasis), and 29 patients underwent full axillary lymph node dissection. Fourteen patients (17.7%) had no residual carcinoma (invasive or ductal carcinoma in situ) in their breast, 5 patients (6.3%) had residual ductal carcinoma in situ (only), and 60 patients (75.9%) had residual invasive carcinoma. One false‐negative SLNB was reported in the group of 23 patients who underwent full axillary dissection after a negative SLNB. No patient had a subsequent axillary recurrence.CONCLUSIONS:SLNB after NACT was feasible in virtually all patients and accurately selected patients who required complete level I and II axillary dissection. NACT frequently downstaged the axilla, converting patients with N1‐N2 lymph node status to N0 status and also avoiding full axillary dissection in these patients. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Substituted Tris(phenylbenzimidazolinato) IrIII Carbene Complexes as a Blue Phosphorescent Material
Authors: Tsuchiya Kazuyoshi , Yagai Shiki , Kitamura Akihide , Karatsu Takashi , Endo Kyoko , Mizukami Junji , Akiyama Seiji , Yabe Masayoshi 
Published: January 2010

AbstractSubstitution effects on the photoluminescence and electrochemical properties and the photochemical stability of tris(phenylbenzimidazolinato)IrIII complexes were investigated. Facial and meridional isomers of a series of complexes having the general structure of Ir(C C)3, where (C C) is (4‐R‐phenyl)benzimidazolinato (R = H, CF3, CN, OCH3), were prepared. They are abbreviated to Ir(pmb)3 (1), Ir(CF3pmb)3 (2), Ir(CNpmb)3 (3), and Ir(Opmb)3 (4), respectively. Electron‐donating or ‐withdrawing groups on the phenyl ring lead to both higher emission quantum yields and longer emission lifetimes compared to those of 1 in each mer and fac series. Particularly, the emission quantum yields were high in the cases of 2a, 3a, 3b, and 4a. No photochemical isomerization was observed in both fac‐ (a) and mer (b) isomers of Ir(pmb)3, Ir(CF3pmb)3, and Ir(CNpmb)3 on irradiation with a 313‐nm wavelength light from a 400 W mercury lamp for more than 20 h. All complexes excluding fac‐Ir(pmb)3 (1a) show excellent photochemical stability in degassed anhydrous thf solution. The locations of the HOMO and LUMO and the lowest excitation energy of these complexes were investigated by DFT and TD‐DFT calculations on fac‐ and mer‐Ir(Opmb)3 (4a and 4b). The HOMO is mainly localized over the Ir metal center and the phenyl moiety, and the LUMO mainly localized over the benzimidazole moiety. The calculated lowest excitation energies agree with the experimental values. The X‐ray single crystal structures obtained for fac‐Ir(CF3pmb)3 (2a) and mer‐Ir(Opmb)3 (4b) are also discussed.
Luminescence Properties of Redispersible Tb3+‐Doped GdPO4 Nanoparticles Prepared by an Ethylene Glycol Route
Authors: Yaiphaba Ningombam , Ningthoujam Raghumani Singh , Singh Nongmaithem Rajmuhon , Vatsa Rajesh Kumar 
Published: January 2010

AbstractNanoparticles of Tb3+‐doped GdPO4 (Tb3+ = 0, 2, 5, 7, 10, and 20 atom‐%) have been prepared at a relatively low temperature of 160 °C in ethylene glycol medium. The particles crystallize in a monoclinic structure with an average crystallite size of 30–50 nm. From the luminescence study of Tb3+‐doped GdPO4, the magnetic dipole transition (5D4 → 7F5) at 545 nm (green) was found to be more prominent than the electric dipole transition (5D4 → 7F6) at 484 nm (blue). Maximum luminescence intensity and lifetime was observed for 7 atom‐% Tb3+. Above 7 atom‐% Tb3+, a decrease in luminescence was observed. This has been attributed to a concentration‐quenching effect due to the cross‐relaxation among Tb3+ ions. The highest luminescence intensity of Tb3+ was observed after excitation at 274 nm (8S7/2 → 6I11/2 of Gd3+) among various excitation wavelengths (including f–f absorptions of Tb3+). This is due to an efficient transfer of energy from Gd3+ to Tb3+ that shows GdPO4 to be a potential host for Tb3+. These nanoparticles are found to be redispersible in water and ethanol and are incorporated into polyvinyl alcohol film homogeneously. This film showed bright green emission.
Hydrocarbon Oxygenation by Metal Nitrite Adducts: Theoretical Comparison with Ferryl‐Based Oxygenation Agents
Authors: Silaghi‐Dumitrescu Radu , Makarov Sergei V. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractMetal nitrite adducts can, under certain conditions, insert one of their oxygen atoms into hydrocarbons. This reaction is to some extent reminiscent of the process whereby high‐valent ferryl (formally FeIV=O) species such as compound I in hemoproteins also insert an oxygen atom into hydrocarbons. Density functional theory (DFT) data are shown here, examining the oxygenation ability of ferrous and ferric nitrite adducts in octahedral coordination environments modeling those seen in hemoproteins where such adducts are well characterized. A comparison of these results with those obtained with similar methods on formal FeV–oxido models of hemoprotein compound I models relevant for such enzymes as cytochrome P450 and chloroperoxidase reveals a key role of the redox potential in dictating oxygenation ability, in good agreement with interpretations previously given by Green and co‐workers.