bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: consensus recommendations on diagnosis, assessment and management
Authors: Tesfaye S. , Vileikyte L. , Rayman G. , Sindrup S. H. , Perkins B. A. , Baconja M. , Vinik A. I. , Boulton A. J. M. ,   on behalf of The Toronto Expert Panel on Diabetic Neuropathy
Published: June 2011

AbstractPainful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is common, is associated with significant reduction in quality of life and poses major treatment challenges to the practising physician. Although poor glucose control and cardiovascular risk factors have been proven to contribute to the aetiology of DPN, risk factors specific for painful DPN remain unknown. A number of instruments have been tested to assess the character, intensity and impact of painful DPN on quality of life, activities of daily living and mood. Management of the patient with DPN must be tailored to individual requirements, taking into consideration the co‐morbidities and other factors. Pharmacological agents with proven efficacy for painful DPN include tricyclic anti‐depressants, the selective serotonin and noradrenaline re‐uptake inhibitors, anti‐convulsants, opiates, membrane stabilizers, the anti‐oxidant alpha‐lipoic acid and topical agents including capsaicin. Current first‐line therapies for painful DPN include tricyclic anti‐depressants, the serotonin and noradrenaline re‐uptake inhibitor duloxetine and the anti‐convulsants pregabalin and gabapentin. When prescribing any of these agents, other co‐morbidities and costs must be taken into account. Second‐line approaches include the use of opiates such as synthetic opioid tramadol, morphine and oxycodone‐controlled release. There is a limited literature with regard to combination treatment. In extreme cases of painful DPN unresponsive to pharmacotherapy, occasional use of electrical spinal cord stimulation might be indicated. There are a number of unmet needs in the therapeutic management of painful DPN. These include the need for randomized controlled trials with active comparators and data on the long‐term efficacy of agents used, as most trials have lasted for less than 6 months. Finally, there is a need for appropriately designed studies to investigate non‐pharmacological approaches. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of Hydrogen Bonding on the Hysteresis Width in Iron(II) Spin‐Crossover Complexes
Authors: Weber Birgit , Bauer Wolfgang , Pfaffeneder Toni , Dîrtu Marinela M. , Naik Anil D. , Rotaru Aurelian , Garcia Yann 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA detailed investigation on the properties of the high‐temperature and low‐temperature modifications of the iron(II) spin‐crossover complex [FeL1(HIm)2] (1) and its isotopic deuterium‐labelled analogue [FeL1(DIm)2] (1D), and the pair [FeL2(azpy)]·MeOH/[FeL2(azpy)]·CD3OD/[FeL2(azpy)] (2·MeOH/2·CD3OD/2), in which L1 and L2 are tetradentate N2O22–‐coordinating Schiff base like ligands, L1 = {diethyl(E,E)‐2,2′‐[1,2‐phenylbis(iminomethylidyne)]bis[3‐oxobutanoate](2–)‐N,N′,O3,O3′}, L2 = {2,2′‐[1,2‐phenylbis(iminomethylidyne)]bis[1‐phenylbutane‐1,3‐dione](2–)‐N,N′,O3,O3′},HIm = imidazole, and azpy = 4,4′‐azopyridine, is presented. All complexes except 2 show a cooperative spin transition with hysteresis widths between approximately 5 K (1LT and 1LTD), 70 K (1HT[9] and 1HTD, around room temperature), and 80 K (2·MeOH and 2·CD3OD). In all cases, an influence of the H/D exchange on the transition temperature and the hysteresis width is observed. For 1HT, first‐order reversal curves (FORCs) have been recorded, and a statistical analysis gives the interaction parameter J = 560 K, indicating strong intermolecular interactions. X‐ray structural analysis of the different samples (1HT[9] and 1HTD: HS; 1LT and 1LTD: LS; and 2·MeOH and 2·CD3OD: HS) gives a deeper insight into the molecular packing in the crystals and helps explain the increase of cooperative interactions during the spin transition. In all cases, one hydrogen bond involves an oxygen atom of the Schiff base like ligand that serves as a donor for the iron centre. The influence of this hydrogen bond on the ligand field strength of the iron centre is discussed and a new model is developed to explain the observed connection between hydrogen bonds and exceptionally wide hysteresis loops for the complexes presented in this work and other examples from the literature.
Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (+)‐Vittatalactone
Authors: Yadav Jhillu S. , Yadav Nagendra Nath , Rao T. Srinivasa , Reddy B. V. Subba , Al Khazim Al Ghamdi Ahmad 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAn enantioselective asymmetric total synthesis of (+)‐vittatalactone has been accomplished employing enzymatic desymmetrization approach to create two methyl chiral centres. Other key steps involved are Wittig reaction, Evan's asymmetric alkylation, hydroboration, TEMPO‐BAIB‐mediated selective oxidation of 1,3‐diol and lactonization mediated by p‐toluenesulfonyl chloride. The total synthesis was achieved by a linear synthetic sequence with an overall yield of 11.8 %.
A Fully Palladium‐Mediated Construction of Phenanthrenes and Naphthoxindoles
Authors: Nassar‐Hardy Luma , Deraedt Christophe , Fouquet Eric , Felpin François‐Xavier 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA fully palladium‐catalyzed synthesis of unusual naphthoxindole alkaloids through a key intramolecular direct C–H arylation step leading to the formation of the phenanthrene core is described. The three‐step process involves a highly efficient Heck coupling of aryl diazonium salts with phenylacrylates, giving the corresponding cis‐stilbenes. Cyclization of stilbenes into phenanthrenes through a direct intramolecular C–H arylation, followed by a palladium‐mediated cyclization of an amino ester, led to the formation of novel naphthoxindoles.
A Polymer‐Based Electrochemical DNA Biosensor for Salmonella: Preparation, Characterization and Calibration
Authors: Díaz‐Serrano Madeline , Rosado Arelys , del Pilar Joselyn , Arias Melvin , Guadalupe Ana R. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn this paper, we present the results of the use of bifunctional polymeric films of polystyrene (10.3 KD–49.5 KD) to anchor oligo sequences of various lengths (15, 35 and 70‐mer). The polymers were prepared by radical polymerization with 4,4′‐azobis(4‐cyanovaleric acid) as initiator and 3‐Carboxy PROXYL to control the molecular weight and polydispersity. They were further modified with N‐hydroxysuccinimide to anchor the (5′‐AmMC12) oligos. The anchoring reaction was done on a polymer‐modified glassy carbon electrode. The probes were hybridized with their ferrocene‐labeled complementary sequences. The hybridization reaction was followed by Osteryoung square wave voltammetry (OSWV). The calibration curve showed a narrow and sharp linear range between (5.7–8.0)×10−7 M and a detection limit around 0.55 µM.
Electrochemical Behaviour of the Anticancer Dacarbazine‐Cu2+ Complex and Its Analytical Applications
Authors: Temerk Yassien M. , Kamal Moustafa M. , Ibrahim Mohamed S. , Ibrahim Hossieny S. M. , Schuhmann Wolfgang 
Published: June 2011

AbstractElectrochemical reduction of the dacarbazine‐Cu2+ complex was investigated using cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry at a hanging mercury drop electrode. The reduction of the dacarbazine‐Cu2+ complex is irreversible. A reduction mechanism is proposed comprising a one‐electron reduction of the Cu2+ directly within the complex. The sharp peak of the adsorbed dacarbazine‐Cu2+ complex associated with an effective interfacial accumulation facilitates the determination of the anticancer drug dacarbazine in pharmaceutical formulations and biological fluids. Detection limits for dacarbazine of 6.12×10−10 M, 1.57×10−10 M and 1.97×10−9 M were achieved for the determination of the drug in vial, human urine and serum, respectively.
The Thermophilic CotA Laccase from Bacillus subtilis: Bioelectrocatalytic Evaluation of O2 Reduction in the Direct and Mediated Electron Transfer Regime
Authors: Beneyton Thomas , Beyl Yvonne , Guschin Dmitrii A. , Griffiths Andrew D. , Taly Valerie , Schuhmann Wolfgang 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe thermophilic bacterial laccase CotA from Bacillus subtilis adsorbed on graphite electrodes enables monitoring of the temperature dependent direct biocatalytic O2 reduction. Its entrapment in two different Os‐complex modified redox hydrogels is the basis for mediated bioelectroreduction of O2. Besides the temperature and pH dependence of the bioelectrocatalytic response chloride and fluoride inhibition studies demonstrate that the Os‐complexes are bound to the T1 copper centre of the enzyme. The interaction between CotA and the Os‐complex modified polymers prevents inhibition by chloride ions.
Amperometric Detection of Parathion and Methyl Parathion with a Microhole‐ITIES
Authors: Hossain Md. Mokarrom , Kim Chang Sup , Cha Hyung Joon , Lee Hye Jin 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAn amperometric sensor featuring a microhole‐liquid/gel interface for the detection of both parathion and methyl parathion is developed on the basis of their different kinetics behavior when interacting with the enzyme organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH). OPH hydrolyzes parathion and methyl parathion producing a common product of para‐nitrophenol and either diethylthio‐ or dimethylthio‐ phosphoric acid, respectively, of which all can release protons depending upon their pKa values. The detection method for both organophosphate (OP) compounds is designed to measure the current associated with the transfer of protons released from the products of OPH hydrolysis across a polarized microhole‐water/polyvinylchloride‐nitrophenyloctylether (PVC‐NOPE) gel interface. The selective transfer of protons across the interface is tailored by the use of a proton selective ligand, ETH 1778, in the gel layer. A disposable proton selective sensor that can quantitatively analyze the OP compounds is also fabricated using simple polydimethylsiloxane microfabrication. Cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse stripping voltammetry are first utilized to characterize the transfer of protons across the microhole‐water/PVC‐NPOE gel interface initiated by the OPH reaction with parathion and methyl parathion and to establish a detection limit for each OP compound. In order to sequentially detect parathion and methyl parathion using a single proton selective strip‐sensor, a novel time‐resolved detection methodology is developed based on the different catalytic kinetics of OPH with each OP analyte; the maximum peak current for the preconcentrated protons transferring back from the organic to water phase assisted by ETH 1778 increases proportionally to the concentration of each OP agent. Since the maximum peak currents for both OP analytes are observed at different reaction times it was possible to demonstrate the multiplexed analysis of both parathion and methyl parathion down to 0.5 µM using a single sensor.
Global genetic analysis of all single nucleotide polymorphisms in exons of the human deoxyribonuclease I‐like 3 gene and their effect on its catalytic activity
Authors: Ueki Misuzu , Fujihara Junko , Takeshita Haruo , Kimura‐Kataoka Kaori , Iida Reiko , Yuasa Isao , Kato Hideaki , Yasuda Toshihiro 
Published: June 2011

AbstractDeoxyribonucleases (DNases) have been suggested to be implicated in the pathophysiology of autoimmune diseases. In the DNASE1L3 gene encoding human DNase I‐like 3 (DNase 1L3), a member of the DNase I family, only two non‐synonymous (R178 H and R206C) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been examined [Ueki et al., Clin. Chim. Acta 2009, 407, 20–24]. Three other non‐synonymous (G82R, K96N, and I243M) and four synonymous (S17S, T84T, R92R, and A181A) SNPs, in addition to R206C and R178H, have been identified in DNASE1L3. We investigated the distribution of all these SNPs in exons of the gene in eight Asian, three African, and three Caucasian populations worldwide using newly devised genotyping methods. SNP T84T showed polymorphism in all the populations, and R92R was polymorphic in the three African and three Caucasian populations; R206C was distributed only in Caucasian populations. In contrast, no minor allele was found in five SNPs (S17S, G82R, K96N, A181A, and I243M) in DNASE1L3. Generally, the DNase 1L3 gene shows relatively low genetic diversity with regard to exonic SNPs. When the effect of amino acid/nucleotide substitutions resulting from the SNPs on DNase 1L3 activity was examined, none of the synonymous SNPs had any effect on the DNase 1L3 activity, whereas among non‐synonymous SNPs, SNP G82R diminished the activity of the enzyme, being similar to R206C. These findings permit us to assume that, although only R206 exhibits polymorphisms in a Caucasian‐specific manner, at least SNPs G82R and R206C in DNASE1L3 might be potential risk factors for autoimmune disease.
Utilization of a domestic waste—Eggshells for removal of hazardous Malachite Green from aqueous solutions
Authors: Chowdhury Shamik , Das Papita 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe potential of eggshell—a domestic waste to remove hazardous Malachite Green dye from aqueous solution was investigated in a batch experimental setup. Adsorption conditions were studied with respect to particle size, initial solution pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, initial dye concentration, and temperature. The optimum conditions for Malachite Green removal were found to be pH = 9.0, contact time = 90 min, adsorbent dose = 2.0 g L−1, initial dye concentration = 50 mg L−1. The temperature had a strong influence on the sorption process. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and surface area analysis were used to characterize the adsorbent material. FTIR analysis revealed that OH, CO, and PO4 functional groups were mainly responsible for the adsorption process. The rate of the adsorption reaction followed the pseudo second‐order kinetics while the sorption equilibrium data well fitted to the Freundlich and the Langmuir isotherm models. The Arrhenius and Eyring equations were used to evaluate the activation parameters. A thermodynamic study showed spontaneous and endothermic nature of the adsorption process. Owing to its low cost and high dye uptake capacity, eggshells seem to be one of the most promising adsorbents for removal of Malachite Green from aqueous solutions. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2011
Retention of copper and nickel from aqueous solutions using manganese oxide‐coated burned brick
Authors: Boujelben N. , Gouider M. , Elouear Z. , Bouzid J. , Feki M. , Montiel A. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractExperiments were conducted to evaluate copper and nickel sorption on artificially manganese oxide‐coated burned brick (MCBb), a waste by‐product of brick industry. The effect of metal concentration, contact time, solution pH, and temperature on the amount of Ni(II) and Cu(II) sorbed was studied and discussed. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm constants and correlation coefficients for the present systems at different temperatures were calculated and compared. The equilibrium process was well described by the Langmuir isotherm model: the maximum sorption capacities (at 293 K) were 2.4 mg Ni/g and 3.7 mg Cu/g for MCBb. Isotherms were also used to evaluate the thermodynamic parameters (ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS°) of adsorption. The sorption kinetics was tested for the pseudo‐first order, pseudo‐second order, and intraparticle diffusion models. Good correlation coefficients were obtained for the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model, showing that nickel and copper uptake process followed the pseudo‐second‐order rate expression. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2011
Long‐term morphological impacts of the opening of a new inlet on a multiple inlet system
Authors: Pacheco A. , Ferreira Ó. , Williams J. J. 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTIn this study, the artificial opening of a new tidal inlet in an existing multiple inlet system is shown to significantly modify the adjacent nearshore and backbarrier morphology, as well as both updrift and downdrift shorelines. The study focuses on the dominant Faro‐Olhão and Armona inlets in the Ria Formosa barrier island system of southern Portugal. The equilibrium state and future evolution of the system are inferred using a range of morphological and hydrodynamic indicators, including the evolution of the inlet cross‐section, changes in tidal prism, and changes in the dimensions (length and area) of barrier islands. The results reveal how the morphology of an interconnected two‐inlet bay system and the adjacent coastlines has evolved following the artificial opening and stabilization of Faro‐Olhão inlet since 1929. A clear relationship between barrier island size, inlet cross‐section/width, and tidal prism is demonstrated. Decadal time‐scale changes in the tidal prism of the two interconnected inlets are shown to be the main mechanism responsible for morphological change, and have resulted in the remobilization of ebb‐tidal delta sediments deposited during previous hydraulic configurations. These changes, in turn, have contributed to a narrowing of Armona inlet and an increase in the size of Culatra Island. The work highlights the importance of ebb‐tidal deltas both as sand reservoirs and as conduits through which sand exchange between estuaries or lagoons and the open coast is regulated. It also shows the pivotal role of ebb‐tidal deltas in trapping longshore‐transported sediment and releasing it again during periods of increased wave activity. The findings have implications regarding the accurate assessment of the stability of multiple inlet systems. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Variability in erosion rates related to the state of landscape transience in the semi‐arid Chilean Andes
Authors: Aguilar Germán , Riquelme Rodrigo , Martinod Joseph , Darrozes José , Maire Eric 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTWe quantify erosion rates in the higher sectors of the Huasco Valley, in the Main Cordillera of the semi‐arid Andes of Chile, using elevation differences between three successive geomorphic markers (pediments and paleo‐valleys) and the present day valley. Available Ar‐Ar ages of Neogene pediments are used to estimate mean erosion rates for the three periods (16 to 13 My, 13 to 8 My, and following 8 My). The landscape of the Huasco Valley is in a transient state, as indicated by well‐preserved pediment surfaces in interfluves, valleys deeply incised by fluvial and glacial erosion and scarped head‐valleys that represent the current knickzones. Higher erosion rates (45–75 m/My) are calculated for the more recent period (< 8 My) during which deep incision developed compared to previous periods (6–31 m/My). Quantitative data indicate that glaciers had a much higher erosional capability than fluvial activity in the higher sectors of the Main Cordillera. Comparison with erosion rates calculated in other drainage basins of the Chilean Andes suggests that the variability of erosion rates depends on the landscape's transient erosive state. The landscape's geomorphologic response to the uplift of the Main Cordillera results in the retreat of a knickzone, for which retreat velocity depends on precipitation rate pattern and glacial erosion intensity. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation and Performance of Highly Efficient Au Nanoparticles Electrocatalyst for the Direct Borohydride Fuel Cell
Authors: Pei F. , Wang Y. , Wang X. , He P. Y. , Liu L. , Xu Y. , Wang H. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAu nanoparticles supported on Vulcan XC‐72R carbon were prepared by a modified NaBH4 method in aqueous solution and employed as electrocatalyst of $ {\rm BH}_4^- $ oxidation for the direct borohydride fuel cell (DBFC). The morphology and structure of as‐prepared particles were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). It was found that Au nanoparticles were mainly about 3.0 ± 0.5 nm in size and uniformly distributed on the surface of Vulcan XC‐72R carbon. The electrooxidation behaviors of $ {\rm BH}_4^- $ and fuel cell performances using carbon‐supported Au nanoparticles as catalysts were investigated. Compared with Au/C prepared by conventional reduction method, the kinetics of $ {\rm BH}_4^- $ oxidation on as‐prepared carbon supported 3.0 ± 0.5 nm Au nanoparticles were significantly improved. The DBFC employing carbon supported 3.0 ± 0.5 nm Au nanoparticles showed a maximum power density of 85.3 mW cm–2 at 60 °C.
Visual lobe shape characteristics of experienced industrial inspectors and inexperienced subjects
Authors: Chan Alan H. S. , Chiu Cathy H. Y. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis article reports research on visual lobe shape differences between experienced industrial inspectors and inexperienced students and the effects of years of inspection experience on lobe‐shape characteristics. Comparison of the visual lobes of students and inspectors showed that lobe roundness of the inspectors was higher than that of the students. Also, marked improvement in lobe roundness and regularity for inspectors was evident in those inspectors who had relatively long experience in inspection work, indicating that daily inspection practice did not seem to be an effective way of improving lobe‐shape characteristics. The increased lobe roundness level did not change, however, even when the inspectors had not performed an inspection job for a long period of time. This finding suggests that the improved lobe‐roundness level could be maintained even without any follow‐up inspection practice. It seems that intensive lobe training rather than inspection practice may be required to improve lobe‐shape characteristics in a short time. No relationship was found between lobe‐shape parameters and the ranked inspection performance of the inspectors, which indicated that, for the inspectors, better search performance may be related more to their better decision making rather than to their higher lobe‐roundness level or inspection speed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A framework for interactive work design based on motion tracking, simulation, and analysis
Authors: Ma Liang , Zhang Wei , Fu Huanzhang , Guo Yang , Chablat Damien , Bennis Fouad , Sawanoi Akihiro , Fugiwara Naoyuki 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBecause of the flexibility and adaptability of humans, manual handling work is still important in industry, especially in assembly and maintenance work. Well‐designed work operation can improve work efficiency and quality; enhance safety, and lower cost. Most traditional methods for work system analysis need physical mock‐ups and are time‐consuming. Digital mock‐up (DMU) and digital human modeling (DHM) techniques have been developed to assist ergonomic design and evaluation for a specific worker population (e.g., 95 percentile); however, the operation adaptability and adjustability for a specific individual are not considered enough. In this study, a new framework based on motion‐tracking technique and digital human simulation technique is proposed for motion–time analysis of manual operations. A motion‐tracking system is used to track a worker's operation while he/she is conducting a manual handling task. The motion data are transferred to a simulation computer for real‐time digital human simulation. The data are also used for motion type recognition and analysis either online or offline for objective work efficiency evaluation and subjective work task evaluation. Methods for automatic motion recognition and analysis are presented. Constraints and limitations of the proposed method are discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.