bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of mucosal immune function in man: potential for Gl disease states
Authors: MACDONALD THOMAS T 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe human mucosal immune system is structurally mature and has all the necessary cellular components to generate an immune response at birth. However, in the absence of dietary antigens and bacterial flora, there are no secondary follicles in the Peyer's patches and virtually no immunoglobulin A plasma cells in the lamina propria. Reactive follicle centers develop after birth but it takes 2 years for mucosal IgA plasma cell density to reach adult levels. T cells are present in the epithelium and lamina propria at birth, albeit at a lower frequency than later in life and there are major differences in phenotype between T cells in fetal intestine and postnatal intestine.There is no information on the impact of the massive antigenic challenge at birth on the mucosal immune system. Well‐documented deficiencies in the ability of the blood T cells of the neonate to produce interleukin‐4 and interferon‐gamma may also occur in the intestine.It is still an open question whether it is better to try to prevent immunological sensitization of the newborn by avoiding potential allergens (i.e. cow's milk), or whether early exposure (as happens when premature infants are given formula feeds) might tolerize the infant. Hydrolysed cow's milk formulae are probably less antigenic than whole cow's milk and have been widely used in the treatment of cow's milk allergy. Some thought is now being given as to whether the prophylactic use of hydrolysates can reduce cow's milk allergy in ‘at‐risk’ infants.
The regulation of intestinal hypersensitivity reactions to ovalbumin by ω‐3 fatty acid enriched diet: Studies of IEL and LPL in mucosal damage
Authors: YAMASHIRO Y. , OHTSUKA Y. , YABUTA K. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn order to clarify the mechanisms of food‐sensitive enteropathy, a food hypersensitive model was generated by feeding ovalbumin to female BALB/c mice after intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide and morphological and immunological changes in the gut mucosa were investigated. Villus atrophy, crypt hyperplasia and increased numbers of intra‐epithelial lymphocytes (IEL) were confirmed in this model, as seen in food‐sensitive enteropathy in humans. Subpopulations of IEL and lamina propria lymphocytes were enumerated by immunohistochemical observation. CD8‐positive cells were increased both in epithelium and lamina propria, whereas CD4‐positive cells were decreased in lamina propria. We document here that orally administered food antigen actually induces food‐sensitive enteropathy and mucosal damage is generated by lymphocytes that infiltrate the intestinal mucosa. We also investigated the effect of feeding an ω‐3 fatty acid‐enriched diet in this model and found that it was efficient in attenuating mucosal damage.
Sorrento studies of diet and fecal flora in the newborn
Authors: WHARTON BRIAN A , BALMER SUSAN E , SCOTT PAUL H 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe fecal flora of a breast‐fed baby is very different from that of a bottle‐fed baby. This paper reviews five previous studies, performed at this hospital concerning the effect of various dietary components (whey proteins, casein, lactoferrin, iron, nucleotides) on the fecal flora.The babies received either breast milk or one of the test formulas from birth. Fecal samples were examined by quantitative microbiological methods at 4 and 14 days and at various intervals thereafter.By 14 days differences in the fecal flora were established. Among breast‐fed babies bifidobacteria, lactobacilli and staphylococci were predominant organisms, whereas in the formula‐fed babies the predominant organisms were enterococci, coliforms, and Bacteroides. A whey‐based formula without bovine lactoferrin, iron or nucleotides gave a flora a little closer to but still remote from the breast‐fed one.Despite extensive modification of cow's milk in the manufacture of a modern infant formula, the fecal flora of bottle‐fed babies remains substantially different from that of breast‐fed babies.
Biophysical properties of protein‐free, totally synthetic pulmonary surfactants, ALEC and Exosurf, in comparison with surfactant TA
Authors: TAKAHASHI AKIO , NEMOTO TERUKO , FUJIWARA TETSURO 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAn artificial pulmonary surfactant prepared from chloroform‐methanol extract of bovine pulmonary surfactant (surfactant TA) has been shown to be effective in both the prevention and the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in premature babies. Recently, two types of protein‐free totally synthetic surfactants, artificial lung expanding compound (ALEC) and Exosurf, have been evaluated in clinical trials of surfactant therapy. Artificial lung expanding compound was used initially as a dry powder, but is now prepared as a crystalline suspension in saline at 4°C. In this study we compared the biophysical properties of three different forms of ALEC (dry powder, crystalline suspension at 4°C and 37°C), Exosurf and surfactant TA (Surfacten) using a modified Wilhelmy surface balance and a pulsating bubble surfactometer. Surface activity of a crystalline suspension of ALEC in cold saline was no better than the dry powder of ALEC. Surfactant activity of ALEC was improved by addition of hydrophobic surfactant protein B and C (SP‐B, SP‐C) which are important constituents of surfactant TA. Surface properties of ALEC in any form and Exosurf were not superior to those of surfactant TA. These results suggest that a surfactant which contains SP‐B and SP‐C does not necessarily have to be dry or crystalline for an effective exogenous surfactant.
Urinary prolactin excretion in children with renal disease
Authors: DE FELICE CLAUDIO , TANAKA TOSHIAKI , HAYAKAWA K. , ITOH KATZUMI , WATANABE TAKAYUKI , KATSUMATA NORIYUKI , HIBI ITSURO 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe contribution of the kidney to the metabolism of prolactin has not yet been established. In the present study, urinary prolactin concentrations in 30 children with renal disease were measured by a newly devised, highly sensitive, time‐resolved immunofluorometric assay. Median prolactin concentrations in the urine of children with renal disease, were 1.86 pmol/L−1 of urine (range: 0.17–546.31 pmol/L−1. By stepwise regression analysis, change in urinary prolactin levels as a function of the urinary β 2‐microglobulin concentrations was detected. These results indicate that prolactin urinary excretion in children with renal disease is dependent on the renal proximal tubular function.
T cell subsets In peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid from children with aseptic meningitis
Authors: TABATA NOBUTADA , OITANI KAICHI , MORITA KUMIKO , SHOGO YUKIO , SAKURAI NAKAO , ZHANG SHAO‐LI , ZHOU YAN‐WEN , KOMADA YOSHIHIRO 
Published: January 2011

AbstractT cell subsets in peripheral blood (PB) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained from patients with aseptic meningitis were studied using quantitative two‐color fluorescence analysis with a flow cytometer. The percentage of HLA‐DR+/CD3+ lymphocytes (activated T cells) in CSF was significantly increased in the recovery phase when compared to the acute phase, while no significant change in the activated T cells in PB was observed. More interestingly, CD4+ T lymphocytes in CSF were increased in the acute phase and subsequently decreased in the recovery phase. Instead, CD8+ T lymphocytes gradually accumulated into the CSF in the recovery phase, resulting in a successive decrease in the CD4/CD8 ratio. On the other hand, the CD4/CD8 ratio in PB remained normal during the course of aseptic meningitis. The present results suggest that T lymphocytes (CD4+ subset in the acute phase and CD8+ in the recovery phase) could be infiltrated and further activated at the site of inflammation, possibly in the subarachnoid space in the patients with aseptic meningitis.
Inhibitory effects of diazoxide or polymyxin B on glucose transport by isolated rat erythrocytes or adipocytes
Authors: GOTO YOSHINORI , KIDA KAICHI , KAINO YUKIKAZU , ITO TAKUO , MATSUDA HIROSHI 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe inhibitory effects of diazoxide or polymyxin B on 3‐O‐methylglucose uptake were studied in isolated rat erythrocytes or adipocytes to elucidate the mechanisms of the actions of these agents. One to three mmol/L diazoxide significantly inhibited 3‐O‐methylglucose uptake into erythrocytes by 11–33% without altering the equilibrium space, while 0.3 mmol/L diazoxide did not. The inhibitory effect was exerted in a dose‐dependent manner in this concentration range. To test whether polymyxin B affects the process of insulin action or the glucose transport activity recruited by insulin, adipocytes prestimulated with insulin and exposed to 2 mmol/L potassium cyanide (KCN) were employed since the cells, on which glucose transporters recruited by insulin were located quiescently, were useful to estimate the effect of an agent on glucose transport activity per se. Polymyxin B (100 μg/mL) inhibited the insulin‐stimulated uptake activity in this transport system by 22.5% while it inhibited the insulin‐stimulated uptake activity in intact adipocytes which were not exposed to KCN by 32.2%. These results suggest that diazoxide inhibits the function of the erythrocyte glucose transporter, GLUT1*** (classified by Bell et al.), and indicate that the inhibition of the glucose transport activity recruited by insulin is the major effect of polymyxin B (100 μg/mL) and the inhibition of the process of insulin action is rather small.
Red blood cell sorbitol in diabetic children
Authors: ISHIDA YUJI , OKAMOTO RYOZO , MINO MAKOTO , KONISHI KAZUTAKA 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWhen red blood cells (RBC) were incubated with various concentrations of glucose, the RBC sorbitol level increased in a concentration‐dependent manner. The elevated RBC sorbitol level was not reduced by further incubation in a glucose‐free medium.In both diabetic and non‐diabetic children, an increase of RBC sorbitol levels occurred in the oral glucose tolerance test and the return to baseline was delayed in diabetics compared with non‐diabetics.In the majority of diabetics (87%), RBC sorbitol levels exceeded the upper limit of the normal range, which was arbitrarily determined as the mean + 2 s.d., in healthy non‐diabetic children and adults.A good correlation was observed between RBC sorbitol levels and plasma glucose levels (r = 0.644). In both diabetics and non‐diabetics, no correlation was observed between RBC sorbitol levels and age, and in diabetics the RBC sorbitol level was not related to the duration of disease.A good correlation was observed between RBC sorbitol levels, and hemoglobin Alc (HbAlc) or fructosamine levels in diabetic children.
Importance of mechanical damage to urinary red blood cells by the glomerular basement membrane
Authors: ISHIHARA YUKIHIRO , MORITA MIYAKO , MATSUYAMA TAKESHI , IKEDA MASAHIRO , KAWAHARA KUZUHIKO , KAWAMURA KEN , KAMIYAMA YASUNORI , HONDA MASATAKA , HASEGAWA OSAMU , ITO HIROSHI 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe reasons for morphological changes of urinary red blood cells (RBC) in patients with glomerulonephritis are still controversial. In order to evaluate the importance of mechanical damage by the glomerular basement membrane (GBM), we examined urinary RBC taken from the patients with two different diseases which have characteristic GBM changes. Urinary RBC taken from 20 patients with Alport syndrome and nine with thin GBM disease were examined using a scanning electron microscope. Nineteen out of the 20 patients (95.0%) with Alport syndrome showed ‘glomerular type’, while five of the nine patients (55.6%) with thin GBM disease showed ‘glomerular type’. These results suggest that more complicated GBM abnormalities cause more severe RBC distortion. Therefore, we conclude that mechanical damage by the GBM may be the major factor in dysmorphism of urinary RBC.
Effect of corticosteroids in hereditary spherocytosis
Authors: DURU FERIDE , GÜRGEY AYTEMIZ 
Published: January 2011

AbstractPrednisolone was administered to three children with hereditary spherocytosis. At the time corticosteroid therapy was started, two of the patients were suffering from severe hemolytic anemia and the 3rd patient had partially recovered from hemolytic anemia after splenectomy. All of the patients prednisolone produced a remarkable increase in the hemoglobin levels with a concomitant increase in reticulocyte counts.We conclude that corticosteroids might stimulate erythropoiesis and may be an alternative therapy to red cell transfusion in pre‐operative states for patients with hereditary spherocytosis.
Agnogenic myeloid metaplasia in childhood: A report of two cases and efficiency of intravenous high dose methylprednisolone treatment
Authors: ÇETINGÜL NAZAN , YENER ERDAL , ÖZTOP SENAY , NISLI GÜNGÖR , SOYDAN SALIHA 
Published: January 2011

AbstractMyelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia, or agnogenic myeloid metaplasia (AMM) is a chronic myeloproliferative disorder characterized by fibrosis of the bone marrow accompanied by aniso‐ and poikilocytosis, leukoerythroblastosis and hepatosplenomegaly with extramedullary hematopoiesis. Agnogenic myeloid metaplasia is very rare in children. In this report, two cases of AMM in whom the onset of the illness were at 3 and 12 months of age, are presented. Both had severe anemia, hepatosplenomegaly and bone marrow fibrosis. Lymph node biopsy of the first patient and liver biopsy of the second revealed extramedullary hematopoiesis. They were treated with an intravenous high dose of methylprednisolone (daily 30 mg/kg for 3 days, 20 mg/kg for 4 days, 10 mg/kg for 1 week, 5 mg/kg for 1 week). A complete improvement of hematological and clinical findings was observed.
Early onset of cecal perforation in neonatal, recto‐sigmoid type Hirschsprung's disease
Authors: YAMAMOTO TOSHIHARU , HAYASHI YOSHIHIRO , SUZUKI HIDEAKI , TAHARA TAKAHIRO , FUJISAWA KOHJI , ETO YOSHIKATSU , YAMAZAKI YOJI , MAEKAWA KIHEI 
Published: January 2011

AbstractHirschsprung's disease has been considered to cause intestinal perforation in rare cases. Even if a perforation occurs, the majority of cases are associated with the long‐segment or total colonic type. Our case developed the perforation in the neonatal period in spite of being of the recto‐sigmoidal type, and it affected the cecum. We do not have a good explanation for this condition. However, the pathological examination of the specimens of the perforated cecum revealed some necrosis (ulceration, subcutaneous hemorrhage, congestion and severe edema) which was considered to be caused by ischemia, secondary to a localized vascular accident in the wall of the distended intestine.
Growth and development of 280 hypothyroids patients at diagnosis
Authors: ÖZER GÜLER , YÜKSEL BİLGİN , KOZANOǦLU MUSTAFA , SERBEST MURAT , TURGUT ÇİǦDEM 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe growth and development of 280 hypothyroidic patients who were diagnosed from 1979 to 1991, has been evaluated by standardized anthropometric criteria. According to the chronologic age during the diagnosis, the patients were divided into five groups of 0–6, 7–12, 13–24, 25–60 and 61–144 months. In these groups, the rates of the patients' weights and heights which were found below the 5th percentile, were as follows; for height 44%, 69%, 71%, 85%, 80% and for weight 38%, 68%, 70%, 55%, 60% respectively. Height age, weight age, head circumference age, and bone age were found to be significantly lower than chronologic age in all the groups, with the exception of the head circumference age in the 0–6 months group. The bone age was found to be significantly retarded compared to the height age in all the groups.
Influence of parental obesity on the physical constitution of preschool children in Japan
Authors: HASHIMOTO NAOSHI , KAWASAKI TAKUYA , KIKUCHI TORU , TAKAHASHI HIDEO , UCHIYAMA MAKOTO 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe objective of this study was to assess the influence of parental obesity on the physical constitution of preschool children. A total of 3187 children aged between 1–6 years and their parents were studied. A child whose per cent obesity (%OB; per cent overweight for age, height and sex) was greater than 15%, and a parent whose body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) was greater than the 95th percentile were defined to be obese (27.40 and 25.97 for a father and a mother, respectively). We found that the incidence of obesity in children with obese fathers (11.5%) was significantly higher than in those with non‐obese fathers (6.2%), and a similar difference was obtained between children with obese mothers (14.5%) and with non‐obese mothers (6.2%), respectively. The incidence of obesity in children was 6.0% if both parents were non‐obese; this incidence rose to 22.7% if one parent was obese, and to 30.8% if both were obese. The %OB of children was more markedly correlated with the mothers' BMI (r = 0.219) than the fathers' BMI (r = 0.165). The %OB of children correlated significantly with fathers' BMI, but only from the age of 3–6 years, whereas mothers' BMI correlated from the age of 1–6 years.We concluded that parental obesity was of significance in determining the development of juvenile obesity even in the preschool period.
Ex vivo expansion of umbilical cord blood hematopoietic progenitor cells by combinations of cytokines
Authors: URASHIMA MITSUYOSHI , HOSHI YASUTAKA , AKIYAMA MASAHARU , KAMIJO MAKOTO , ATO YOKO K , AKATSUKA JUN‐ICHI , MAEKAWA KIHEI , MATSUZAKI MASAHARU , OHNISHI JUN , KAIHARA CHIHARU 
Published: January 2011

AbstractEx vivo expansion of hematopoietic progenitor cells in the umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (CB‐MNC) was investigated in liquid culture system with various combinations of cytokines (stem cell factor [SCF], interleukin [IL]‐3, IL‐6, granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor [G‐CSF], erythropoietin [EPO], and interferon [INF]‐γ). Non‐lineage‐committed hematopoietic progenitor cells and lineage committed hematopoietic progenitor cells were represented as CD34+CD38− and CD34+CD38+ subpopulations, respectively. Although absolute CD34+CD38− cell numbers decreased even in the presence of multicytokines, the combinations of SCF plus IL‐6 and SCF plus IL‐3 plus IL‐6 plus INF‐γ were significantly effective in maintaining CD34+CD38− cells than the other combinations (P < 0.05). After 4 weeks of culture, CD34+CD38− cells disappeared in all combinations of cytokines. Absolute CD34+CD38+ cell numbers increased in the presence of cytokines. Maximal expansion of CD34+CD38+ cells were observed in the combinations of SCF plus IL‐3 plus IL‐6 plus EPO (19.8 ± 3.3 ‐fold) and SCF plus IL‐3 plus IL‐6 plus G‐CSF (18.3 ± 2.6). The combination of SCF plus IL‐3 plus IL‐6 was also effective to expand CD34+CD38+ cells (15.8 ± 3.9). However, the expansion was transient and they decreased to zero within 3 weeks. In the combinations of SCF plus IL‐6 and SCF plus IL‐3 plus IL‐6 plus INF‐γ, maximal expansion was inferior to the others but CD34+CD38+ cells were maintained more than 4 weeks. These results suggested that the indication of CBT can be expanded into older children by ex vivo augmentation of CB hematopoietic progenitor cells using multi‐cytokines.
Inhaled nitric oxide and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn
Authors: TAKATA MASAO , MIYASAKA KATSUYUKI , SAKAI HIROKAZU , FUJIWARA HIROYUKI , ITO YUSHI , KAWANO TOSHIO 
Published: January 2011

AbstractPersistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) may occasionally require an invasive treatment with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Inhaled nitric oxide (NO) has recently been introduced as a selective pulmonary vasodilator for treatment of PPHN. We describe a case of PPHN in which neither inhaled NO nor ECMO was effective in reversing pulmonary hypertension. The clinical course of the patient suggested a potential role of NO inhalation in predicting the outcome of ECMO treatment for PPHN.
Persistent vacuoles in leukocytes: Familial Jordans anomaly
Authors: ULUKUTLU LAMIA , KOÇ ÖMER N. , TAŞYÜREKLI MUSTAFA , ÇULLU FÜGEN , TÜZÜNER NÜKHET , ULUTIN ORHAN N. , ÖZ FERIHA , SEGER REINHARD A. , SAǦLAMER LEBRIZ 
Published: January 2011

AbstractMultiple persistent vacuoles were seen in the neutrophils, monocytes and eosinophils of a 9 year old boy and his 10 year old sister. The siblings were both asymptomatic. In the bone marrow, the cytoplasmic vacuoles were also present in the promyelocytes, myelocytes and metamyelocytes, but not in the myeloblasts and they tended to be single and large in immature cells. The cytoplasmic vacuoles did not stain with PAS, Sudan Black or Oil Red O; Sudan III positivity of the vacuoles was found only in a very small number of granulocytes. The vacuoles appeared as round and bright bodies with phase contrast microscopy. By electron microscopy, the vacuoles contained material of low electron density and had no surrounding membrane. Granulocyte functions were unimpaired. Muscle biopsy showed normal morphology. This anomalous vacuolization of the leukocytes is consistent with familial Jordans anomaly.
A female infant successfully treated by ganciclovir for congenital cytomegalovirus infection
Authors: FUKUDA SUMIO , MIYACHI MASANAO , SUGIMOTO SHIGERU , GOSHIMA AKIRA , FUTAMURA MASAHIDE , MORISHIMA TSUNEO 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAn 11 month old female infant, diagnosed as having congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and suffering from pneumonia and intractable diarrhea, was treated with 9‐(1,3‐dihydroxy‐2‐propoxymethyl) guanine (DHPG), intravenously for 8 weeks. Watery diarrhea ceased and pneumonia associated with massive endotracheal aspirates was reduced. No leukopenia, thrombocytopenia or other side effects were observed during the therapy. The clinical findings suggest that DHPG might be an effective and safe agent for the treatment of both intestinal and lower respiratory CMV infection in young infants.
α‐Mannosidosis: The first Turkish case
Authors: ÇAMUR SERAP , COŞKUN TURGAY , KİPER NURAL 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe describe a 10 month old boy with α‐mannosidosis who presented with recurrent bronchopneumonia and diarrhea. Facial coarsening, deafness, hepatosplenomegaly, umbilical hernia, pectus carinatum and widespread Mongolian spots were distinguishing features. He also had mild skeletal deformities grouped together as ‘dysostosis multiplex’, and vacuolated lymphocytes on peripheral blood smear. These findings coupled with an abnormal urinary oligosaccharide pattern led to the suspicion of a lysosomal storage disease in the patient which proved to be α‐mannosidosis. An exceptionally low level of α‐mannosidase activity was subsequently found in serum and cultured skin fibroblasts. The patient's brother, who had died at the age of 10 months, had similar features. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case reported from Turkey.
Granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor levels in cord blood and neonatal peripheral blood
Authors: NAKAYAMA HIDEKI , KUKITA JOHJI , OHGA SHOUICHI , UEDA KOHJI 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe measured the granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor (G‐CSF) levels in cord blood and peripheral blood obtained from full‐term or pre‐term infants during the first 3 days of birth. The mean G‐CSF level among cord blood (17.2pg/mL) was similar to that of peripheral blood on day 0 (18.3 pg/mL) and day 1 (13.6 pg/mL), while that of peripheral blood on day 0 was significantly higher than on day 2 (10.9 pg/mL) and day 3 (8.8 pg/mL; both P < 0.05). There was no correlation between neutrophil counts and G‐CSF levels. No difference was found in neutrophil counts or G‐CSF levels between infants who weighed more or less than 2500 g at birth. These results suggest that the neonatal neutrophil count depends on regulatory factors other than G‐CSF.