bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of the Weight Processing Algorithm in Multichannel Doppler Filtering
Authors: Koshelev V. I. , Trinh Ngoc Hieu 
Published: May 2024

Introduction. The use of non-equidistant pulse sequences as probing radar signals makes it possible to eliminate blind spots in speed and range. However, the implementation of multi-channel Doppler filtering (MDF) based on the classical fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm of non-equidistant signal samples in the signal detection problem is associated with energy losses. The use of modified FFT algorithms increases the efficiency of MDF against the background of white Gaussian noise, while reducing the efficiency of signal accumulation in the part of signal processing channels blocked by the narrow-band clutter. To eliminate this drawback, the authors previously proposed using combined classical and modified FFT algorithms. However, the use of the combined method does not lead to an optimal solution in terms of MDF efficiency.Aim. Optimization of weight processing of non-equidistant signals to improve the efficiency of MDF.Materials and methods. An MDF synthesis was carried out using optimization procedures, and the effectiveness of the algorithms was assessed using computer calculations.Results. The results show that the Kaiser Bessel window with a window parameter of 4.42 provides the highest signal-(clutter+noise) ratio improvement coefficient averaged over frequency channels equal to 30.06 dB and the highest probability of correct signal detection averaged over MDF channels equal to 0.5 at processing of non-equidistant pulse sequences. Optimization of the weight processing of MDF under the specified conditions increased the average efficiency characteristics used of up to 53.18 dB and 0.92, respectively.Conclusion. Separate optimization of weighting processing for each frequency channel can significantly improve the average efficiency characteristics of a multichannel Doppler filter and eliminate all the shortcomings of the classical and modified FFT algorithms when processing non-equidistant pulse sequences. However, these advantages are achieved at the cost of not using the FFT, i.e., implemented within the framework of the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) algorithm.
PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN TRANSFORMASIONAL DAN KEPUASAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA PT ALWI ASSEGAF
Authors: Effendi Muhammad Riska Maulana , Yusuf M. 
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kepemimpinan transformasional dan kepuasan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan PT Alwi Assegaf. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Sampel yang diambil merupakan sampel jenuh dengan jumlah 35 karyawan sebagai responden. Teknik pengambilan data melalui kuisioner. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda dengan SPSS versi 26. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: Variabel kepemimpinan transformasional tidak berpengaruh secara parsial terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan nilai thitung 1.472 < tabel 1.690 dan nilai signifikan 0.151 > 0.05. Variabel kepuasan kerja secara parsial berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan nilai thitung 4.752 > ttabel 1.690 dan nilai signifikan 0.000 < 0.05. Variabel kepemimpinan transformasional dan kepuasan kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan secara simultan terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan nilai Fhitung 24.498 > Ftabel 3.295 dan nilai signifikan 0.000 < 0.05.
ENUMERATION AND DETERMINATION OF ANTIBIOGRAM OF BACTERIA ISOLATES FROM HAND-DUG WELL WATER IN BOSSO METROPOLIS, NIGERIA
Authors: Usman Aisha , Ekainu Victor Eche , Adedeji Abdulameen Saheed , Abdullahi Hafsah Muhammad , Mustapha Kaltum Umar , Majin E. N. 
Published: May 2024

Regular water supply surveillance is crucial in low-income nations like Nigeria, where households often rely on alternative sources, predisposing preventable water-borne diseases. Therefore, this study determined the occurrence and antibiogram of bacteria in hand-dug well water in Bosso metropolis, Nigeria. Exactly 10 well water samples were collected and processed for bacteria isolation and identification using standard microbiological techniques. The antibiotic sensitivity was determined via Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion techniques. The total viable bacteria count ranged from 0.45×103 cfu/mL to 2.15×104 cfu/mL, while the total coliform bacteria count ranged from 0.27×103 cfu/mL to 8.91×104 cfu/mL. Out of the 18 different bacteria isolated, Pseudomonas species had the highest occurrence (26.9%), and the least (3.9%) was observed for each of Shigella sp., Klebsiella sp., and Staphylococcus aureus. Also, 7 out 26 bacterial isolates isolated were multidrug-resistant. Escherichia coli, Shigella sp., Salmonella sp., Pseudomonas sp., and Klebsiella sp. were susceptible (100%) to ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin, though resistant (100%) to ampicillin and amoxycillin/clavulanate. All the Gram-negative bacteria isolates except Salmonella sp. were susceptible to gentamycin. Similarly, Pseudomonas sp., Proteus sp., and Salmonella sp. exhibited varied resistance to nitrofurantoin (71–100%), cefuroxime (50–100%), and ceftazidime (42.9–100%). Bacillus sp., Enterococcus sp., Staphylococcus sp., and Streptococcus sp. were resistant to cloxicillin and amoxycillin/clavulanate. In addition, Bacillus sp. (100%) and Enterococcus sp. (100%) were resistant to ciprofloxacin while remaining susceptible to ofloxacin and amoxycillin/clavulanate. Our findings highlight the urgent need for enhanced water quality and public health measures in the study areas...
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, FTIR CHARACTERIZATION, AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF DOUM PALM (HYPHAENE THEBAICA)
Authors: Ibrahim Ibrahim Shuaibu , Birniwa Abdullahi Haruna 
Published: May 2024

The doum palm fruit (Hyphaene thebaica), a native of northern Africa, is an oval, edible fruit that grows on desert palm trees. It grows extraordinarily well in the northern part of Nigeria as well. It is a member of the palm family Arecaceae. The optimal process for making an aqueous extract from raw doum fruit was determined using the extraction methods. The crushed doum fruit is soaked for 12 days at room temperature in a solution of methanol and ethanol. The plant's crude pericarp powder was used in the new study's phytochemical screening procedure using conventional phytochemical techniques. Tannins, carbohydrates, flavonoids, terpenes, and terpenoids were found in the extract in low and moderate concentrations, according to the phytochemical examination. To get high-spectral-resolution data over a broad spectral range, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is utilized. Doum palm plants are a highly significant source of bioactive components that may be helpful in the creation of novel chemotherapeutic drugs. The results of FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of O-H, C-H, C=C, C=O, C-O, and C-H functional groups. The result shows the frequencies of 3268 cm-1, 2925 cm-1, 1719 cm-1, 1607 cm-1, 1443 cm-1 and 1287 cm-1 from Methanol extract and 3283 cm-1, 2925 cm-1, 1719 cm-1, 1611 cm-1, 1104 cm-1 and 992 cm-1 from Ethanol extract. The microbial activity of the doum palm fruit extract has shown a greater effect on Salmonella typhi and Escheria coli at high concentration of about both microbial organism but no effect at lower concentration of...
Estado del arte de la prospectiva del uso de baterías de iones de litio en autos híbridos: evaluaciones ambientales y desarrollo industrial sostenible en Latinoamérica
Authors: Moyón Moyón Carmen del Rocio , Gavilanes Yunga Lizeth Alejandra , Huilca Modumba Luis Ángel , Lema Rodríguez Juan Diego 
Published: May 2024

Introducción: En la actualidad el almacenamiento de energía mediante el uso de baterías de iones de Litio se ha vuelto más popular, fundamentalmente por características como el enorme potencial de almacenamiento, la integración de energías renovables para su carga y por supuesto la aplicabilidad de movilidad eléctrica. El rendimiento de las baterías de iones de Litio se ha visto afectado debido a la degradación acelerada, así como las diferentes condiciones ambientales agresivas de ciertas ciudades. El sector industrial del triángulo de Litio que integran Chile, Argentina y Bolivia se ha visto beneficiado con el uso de baterías de ion-Litio, sin embargo, el desarrollo industrial sostenible anclado a la protección del medio ambiente es una de las falencias que no contempla un escenario positivo para Sudamérica. Objetivo: Analizar la prospectiva sobre el uso de baterías de iones de Litio en autos híbridos tomando como referente las evaluaciones ambientales y desarrollo industrial sostenible en Latinoamérica. Metodología. Uso del diseño no experimental, nivel descriptivo de corte cualitativo basado en la revisión bibliográfica de artículos, tesis y libros. Resultados: A nivel de la región es incipiente el manejo de leyes en manejo responsable del Litio, lo que deviene en conflictos sociales por el uso del agua, un recurso indispensable para las comunidades. Además, en la industria de vehículos híbridos no se maneja un desarrollo industrial sostenible, pese a que el volumen de venta aun no es significativo. Conclusión: Se concluyó que la prospectiva del uso de baterías ion-Litio anclado al desarrollo industrial sostenible y cuidado del medio ambiente avizora en la región políticas débiles en la gestión del Litio y manejo responsable del agua, donde alternativas como economía circular, reutilización de baterías y asesoramiento a poblaciones se convierten en alternativas de solución en los países de la región.
Risk Factors of Community Acquired Pneumonia among Under Five Children in a Tertiary Level Hospital in Rajshahi
Authors: Ara Chaman , Sharmin Laila Shamima , Begum Fardoushi , Sarker Sanchita , Sarker Sanchita , Hossain Md Belal , Yeasmin Shahida , Haque Md Sanaul 
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) top the list of causes of under five children mortality in the world. Proper assessment of these risk factors and controlling them may help decrease the morbidity and mortality in under-five children suffering from CAP in Bangladesh and thereby help in improving the quality of life of our future generation.
Objective: To assess the risk factors of CAP among under five children ( 2-59 months ) in a tertiary level hospital in Rajshahi.
Materials and methods: This is a case control study which was carried out in the department of Pediatrics and EPI center of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, RMCH from January 2017 to December 2018 to determine the risk factors of CAP among under five children. For this study, total 246 children, aged 2 months to 59 months, were selected by purposive sampling technique. 123 were cases who were taken from indoor and 123 were healthy controls who were taken from out patients department & EPI centre. After taking written consent from guardians, history was taken and physical examination was done. All informations were recorded in a predesigned data sheet. Chi-square test and odds ratio were used to demonstrate level of significance.
Results: Among 246 children greater number of patients of both group were male and came from rural area. Cases were predominant under 12 months and came from lower socioechonomic status. A statistically significant association was found between social class and CAP (<0.001), father’s literacy was inversely related to CAP (p value <0.001). Types of housing, ventilation of living room , overcrowding, types of fuel and cookers used for cooking, parental smoking , malnutrition, history of diarrhea and presence of anemia , prematurity and low birth weight were significantly associated with CAP ( p value <0.05) .
Conclusion: Proper assessment of these risk factors and controlling them may help decrease the morbidity and mortality in under-five children suffering from CAP in Bangladesh and thereby help in improving the quality of life of our future generation.
TAJ 2023; 36: No-2: 145-153
Technology of dry extract from the <i>Filipendula ulmaria</i> (L.) Maxim. and preliminary assessment of its safety profile
Authors: Avdeeva E. Yu. , Skorokhodova M. G. , Sheikin V. V. , Kadyrova T. V. , Belousov M. V. 
Published: May 2024

Introduction. Medicines of natural origin have advantages over synthetic drugs and occupy a significant share in the assortment of pharmacies. Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim., characterized by a chemical composition rich in phenolic compounds and various types of biological activity has the potential in terms of the development of new herbal medicines. In an in vivo experiment, F. ulmaria extract showed immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, osteogenic activity and effectively stimulated myelopoiesis in conditions of microbial damage of bone tissue.Aim. Development of an optimal technology for obtaining dry extract of F. ulmaria by remaceration and investigation of its аcute toxicity.Materials and methods. The technology of extract was developed in a laboratory reactor equipped with a water heater jacket and a stirrer. The content of flavonoids was determined by differential spectrometry. Flowability was determined on a flowability tester for powders and granules, bulk density was determined on a bulk density tester for powders and granules, moisture content was developed on a moisture content analyzer. Acute toxicity was determined on Wistar rats.Results and discussion. The dry extract of F. ulmaria, obtained using 70 % ethanol by remaceration, is effective in conditions of microbial damage of bone tissue and bone marrow, which determined the choice of extragent and the type of extract. The optimal parameters for obtaining the extract were determined (three-fold maceration at a water jacket temperature of 80 °C, the ratio of raw materials to extragent 1 : 14, time 30 min), its main technological characteristics were determined and a wet granulation method for improving them was proposed. In the study of acute toxicity of the extract, according to the results of toxicometry for 14 days after administration and necropsy data, the studied extract was classified as low-toxic substance.Conclusion. The dry extract of F. ulmaria, obtained by remaceration using 70 % ethanol, has specific activity in conditions of microbial damage to bone tissue. Optimal extraction parameters allow to increase the yield of target components, it is advisable to improve the technological parameters of the extract by wet granulation. The assessment of the safety profile of the dry extract from F. ulmaria, along with its high biological activity, provides a perspective for its further study and implementation into medical practice.
Towards a comprehensive biomechanical assessment of the elderly combining in vivo data and in silico methods
Authors: Davico Giorgio , Labanca Luciana , Gennarelli Irene , Benedetti Maria Grazia , Viceconti Marco 
Published: May 2024

The aging process is commonly accompanied by a general or specific loss of muscle mass, force and/or function that inevitably impact on a person’s quality of life. To date, various clinical tests and assessments are routinely performed to evaluate the biomechanical status of an individual, to support and inform the clinical management and decision-making process (e.g., to design a tailored rehabilitation program). However, these assessments (e.g., gait analysis or strength measures on a dynamometer) are typically conducted independently from one another or at different time points, providing clinicians with valuable yet fragmented information. We hereby describe a comprehensive protocol that combines both in vivo measurements (maximal voluntary isometric contraction test, superimposed neuromuscular electrical stimulation, electromyography, gait analysis, magnetic resonance imaging, and clinical measures) and in silico methods (musculoskeletal modeling and simulations) to enable the full characterization of an individual from the biomechanical standpoint. The protocol, which requires approximately 4 h and 30 min to be completed in all its parts, was tested on twenty healthy young participants and five elderlies, as a proof of concept. The implemented data processing and elaboration procedures allowing for the extraction of several biomechanical parameters (including muscle volumes and cross-sectional areas, muscle activation and co-contraction levels) are thoroughly described to enable replication. The main parameters extracted are reported as mean and standard deviation across the two populations, to highlight the potential of the proposed approach and show some preliminary findings (which were in agreement with previous literature).
Creating a multifaceted prognostic model for cutaneous melanoma: the convergence of single-cell and bulk sequencing with machine learning
Authors: Mao Fei , Wan Neng 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundCutaneous melanoma is a highly heterogeneous cancer, and understanding the role of inflammation-related genes in its progression is crucial.MethodsThe cohorts used include the TCGA cohort from TCGA database, and GSE115978, GSE19234, GSE22153 cohort, and GSE65904 cohort from GEO database. Weighted Gene Coexpression Network Analysis (WGCNA) identified key inflammatory modules. Machine learning techniques were employed to construct prognostic models, which were validated across multiple cohorts, including the TCGA cohort, GSE19234, GSE22153, and GSE65904. Immune cell infiltration, tumor mutation load, and immunotherapy response were assessed. The hub gene STAT1 was validated through cellular experiments.ResultsSingle-cell analysis revealed heterogeneity in inflammation-related genes, with NK cells, T cells, and macrophages showing elevated inflammation-related scores. WGCNA identified a module highly associated with inflammation. Machine learning yielded a CoxBoost + GBM prognostic model. The model effectively stratified patients into high-risk and low-risk groups in multiple cohorts. A nomogram and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves confirmed the model’s accuracy. Low-risk patients exhibited increased immune cell infiltration, higher Tumor Mutational Burden (TMB), and potentially better immunotherapy response. Cellular experiments validated the functional role of STAT1 in melanoma progression.ConclusionInflammation-related genes play a critical role in cutaneous melanoma progression. The developed prognostic model, nomogram, and validation experiments highlight the potential clinical relevance of these genes and provide a basis for further investigation into personalized treatment strategies for melanoma patients.
Epigenetically active chromatin in neonatal iWAT reveals GABPα as a potential regulator of beige adipogenesis
Authors: Mooli Raja Gopal Reddy , Zhu Bokai , Khan Saifur R. , Nagati Veerababu , Michealraj Kulandaimanuvel Antony , Jurczak Michael J. , Ramakrishnan Sadeesh K. 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundThermogenic beige adipocytes, which dissipate energy as heat, are found in neonates and adults. Recent studies show that neonatal beige adipocytes are highly plastic and contribute to &gt;50% of beige adipocytes in adults. Neonatal beige adipocytes are distinct from recruited beige adipocytes in that they develop independently of temperature and sympathetic innervation through poorly defined mechanisms.MethodsWe characterized the neonatal beige adipocytes in the inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) of C57BL6 postnatal day 3 and 20 mice (P3 and P20) by imaging, genome-wide RNA-seq analysis, ChIP-seq analysis, qRT-PCR validation, and biochemical assays.ResultsWe found an increase in acetylated histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27ac) on the promoter and enhancer regions of beige-specific gene UCP1 in iWAT of P20 mice. Furthermore, H3K27ac ChIP-seq analysis in the iWAT of P3 and P20 mice revealed strong H3K27ac signals at beige adipocyte-associated genes in the iWAT of P20 mice. The integration of H3K27ac ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analysis in the iWAT of P20 mice reveal epigenetically active signatures of beige adipocytes, including oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial metabolism. We identify the enrichment of GA-binding protein alpha (GABPα) binding regions in the epigenetically active chromatin regions of the P20 iWAT, particularly on beige genes, and demonstrate that GABPα is required for beige adipocyte differentiation. Moreover, transcriptomic analysis and glucose oxidation assays revealed increased glycolytic activity in the neonatal iWAT from P20.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate that epigenetic mechanisms regulate the development of peri-weaning beige adipocytes via GABPα. Further studies to better understand the upstream mechanisms that regulate epigenetic activation of GABPα and characterization of the metabolic identity of neonatal beige adipocytes will help us harness their therapeutic potential in metabolic diseases.
Adaptability of root morphology and growth of two forage grass species in response to salt stress
Authors: Zhang Yang , Zhang Yanfang , Zhang Rui , Song Yingying , Li Gang , Song Yayun , Ma Guochen , Guo Huizhen 
Published: May 2024

The cultivated Echinochloa frumentacea (Roxb.) Link and Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv. var. mitis (Pursh) Peter are two valuable grass species that are widely used in improving saline-alkali soil. Here we conducted a pot experiment combined with roots morphological analysis to investigate the adaptability of grass roots to saline stress environments, with cultivated E. frumentacea and E. crusgalli being subjected to salt treatments of 0 (CK), 100, 220, and 340 mmoL·L−1. Results indicated that E. frumentacea had longer primary roots with fewer root hairs and lower local branching density than E. crusgalli, with the root volume of E. frumentacea being 1.43 times greater than that of E. crusgalli. The aboveground biomass of both grasses decreased significantly (p &lt; 0.05) with increasing salt concentrations, whereas the root-to-shoot ratio exhibited the opposite trend, suggesting the preferential allocation of photosynthetic products to the roots under salt stress. The total length, surface area, and tip number of fine roots and the growth of coarse roots (d &gt; 2.00 mm) showed significant differences (p &lt; 0.05) between the two grass species. Different concentrations of salt stress had inconsistent effects on the biomass and radial growth of roots for grasses. The cultivated E. frumentacea seems to adopt an adapt strategy of gradually increasing its root thickness, root hairs, and root density under increasing salt stress. E. crusgalli, on the other hand, employed a strategy of increasing root length, maintaining uniform thickness, and developing root hairs.