bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iron–Lactoferrin Complex Reduces Iron‐Catalyzed Off‐flavor Formation in Powdered Milk with Added Fish Oil
Authors: Ueno Hiroshi M. , Shiota Makoto , Ueda Noriko , Isogai Tomoyuki , Kobayashi Toshiya 
Published: August 2012

Abstract:  The iron–lactoferrin complex (FeLf) is useful for dietary iron supplementation. However, the effects of FeLf on iron‐catalyzed off‐flavors in lipid‐containing food products have not been reported. In this study, we investigated the effects of FeLf on off‐flavors development during the production and storage of powdered milk with added fish oil. Powdered milk samples were formulated with FeLf or iron (II) sulfate, then stored at 37 °C for 5 mo. A sensory evaluation revealed that FeLf delayed the development of oxidized flavor and reduced metallic taste in the powdered milk compared with iron (II) sulfate. Headspace gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis showed that oxidized volatile compounds, such as pentanal, hexanal, heptanal, octanal, 1‐penten‐3‐one, (Z)‐4‐heptenal, (E, E)‐2,4‐heptadienal, and (E)‐2‐octenal, were less developed in the powdered milk containing FeLf than in that containing iron (II) sulfate. Iron and lactoferrin (Lf) were retained in the high‐molecular‐weight (>10000 Da) fraction of the reconstituted FeLf‐containing powdered milk after its manufacture and storage, whereas the antigenicity of Lf was lost after ultrahigh‐temperature processing at 120 °C for 5 s. These results suggest that FeLf reduces the iron‐catalyzed off‐flavors that develop during the production and storage of powdered milk. The stable iron‐holding property of FeLf contributes to the inhibition of oxidized and metallic volatile formation, although the loss of Lf antigenicity did not affect the stability of FeLf and the iron‐catalyzed formation of off‐flavors in the powdered milk. Consequently, FeLf is a suitable candidate for the simultaneous supplementation of a single food with iron and fish oil.Practical Application:  The supplementation of food products with iron and fish oil is a useful approach to redressing their inadequate intake in many populations. The iron–lactoferrin complex can protect food products against the off‐flavors caused by iron‐catalyzed lipid oxidation. Our results show that the iron–lactoferrin complex is useful for the simultaneous fortification of foods and nutraceuticals with iron and fish oil because this complex also reduces the formation of iron‐catalyzed off‐flavors in powdered milk enriched with fish oil.
Detection and Isolation of Low Levels of E. coli O157:H7 in Cilantro by Real‐Time PCR, Immunomagnetic Separation, and Cultural Methods with and without an Acid Treatment
Authors: Yoshitomi Ken J. , Jinneman Karen C. , Zapata Ruben , Weagant Stephen D. , Fedio Willis M. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract:  Leafy greens such as cilantro, contaminated with Escherichia coli O157:H7, have been implicated in cases of human illnesses. High levels of microflora in fresh cilantro make recovery of low numbers of E. coli O157:H7 difficult. To improve upon current methods, immunomagnetic separation (IMS) techniques in combination with real‐time PCR (RTiPCR) and selective enrichment protocols were examined. Rinsates were prepared from cilantro samples inoculated with low (∼0.02 CFU/g) and slightly higher (∼0.05 CFU/g) levels of E. coli O157:H7. Rinsate portions were enriched in modified buffered peptone water with pyruvate (mBPWp) for 5 h at 37 °C. After 5 h, selective agents were added to samples and further incubated at 42 °C overnight. Detection and recovery were attempted at 5 and 24 h with and without IMS. IMS beads were screened by RTiPCR for simultaneous detection of stx1, stx2, and uidA SNP. Additionally, broth cultures and IMS beads were streaked onto selective agar plates (Rainbow®agar, R&F®E. coli O157 Chromogenic medium, TC‐SMAC and CHROMagar™ 0157) for isolation of E. coli O157:H7. Both broth cultures and IMS beads were also acid treated in Trypticase Soy Broth pH 2 prior to plating to selective media to improve upon cultural recovery. Although E. coli O157 strains were detected in most samples by PCR after 5 h enrichment, cultural recovery was poor. However, after 24 h enrichment, both PCR and cultural recovery were improved. Acidification of the broths and the IMS beads prior to plating greatly improved recovery from 24 h enrichment broths by suppressing the growth of competing microorganisms.Practical Application:  Detection and recovery of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in fresh produce matrices (e.g., cilantro) can be complicated by high background microflora present in these foods. Rapid detection by molecular methods combined with effective enrichment and isolation procedures such as using immunomagnetic separation (IMS) techniques can quickly identify potential hazards to public health. Additional techniques such as acidification of enrichment broths can exploit acid resistance characteristics of pathogens such as E. coli O157:H7, facilitating their isolation in complex food matrices.
The Effect of Temperature on the Color of Red Wines
Authors: Czibulya Zsuzsanna , Kollár László , Pour Nikfardjam Martin , Kunsági‐Máté Sándor 
Published: August 2012

Abstract:  The effect of increased temperature on the color of red wines was studied due to its importance during storage and transport. The chemical reactions induced by elevated temperature were investigated by measuring the UV‐VIS spectra. The temperature of the wines was increased from its common storage temperature (about 14 °C) to higher temperatures (t= 20 °C, 25 °C, 30 °C, 35 °C, and 40 °C) and the UV/VIS spectra were recorded during several hours. The spectral changes obtained indicate the presence of quasi‐first‐order chemical processes justifying determination of the activation energies using their temperature dependence. The determined decay values (Villányi Portugieser: EVPa,420 nm= 90.02 kJ/mol, EVPa,520 nm= 34.18 kJ/mol, EVPa,620 nm= 54.55 kJ/mol; half‐life values of 46.5 d [25 °C] and 9.5 d [35 °C] at 420 nm; 4.67 d [25 °C] and 2.0 d [35 °C] at 520 nm; 9.5 d [25 °C] and 2.4 d [35 °C] at 620 nm; Bikatory wine: EBka,420 nm= 82.07 kJ/mol and half‐life values of 41.35 d [25 °C] and 4.001 d [35 °C] at 420 nm) of these reactions highlight a considerable change in the quality of wines stored for a few hours at elevated temperatures. Depending on polyphenol composition the wines show different half‐life with regard to their color stability and browning reactions. Higher polyphenolic content helps to stabilize the wine against detrimental temperature effects.Practical Application:  This research can be applicable to estimate the optimal temperature of red wines during storage and transport.
Effect of Purified Oat β‐Glucan on Fermentation of Set‐Style Yogurt Mix*
Authors: Singh Mukti , Kim Sanghoon , Liu Sean X. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract:  Effect of oat β‐glucan on the fermentation of set‐style yogurt was investigated by incorporating 0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, and 0.5% of purified oat β‐glucan into the yogurt mix. It was found that levels up to 0.3% resulted in yogurts with quality characteristics similar to the control yogurt. Higher levels of β‐glucan however retarded the fermentation process with noticeable difference in the characteristics of the yogurt. Examination of the morphologies of yogurt with and without β‐glucan revealed that β‐glucan formed aggregates with casein micelle and did not form phase‐separated domains. This research demonstrated that β‐glucan could be added to yogurt up to 0.3%, which meets the nutrient guidelines, to have added nutritional benefits.Practical Application:  Yogurt is known for its beneficial effects on human health and nutrition. Yogurt production and consumption is increasing in the United States every year. However, it is lacking in β‐glucans, which are recognized for their nutritional importance as functional bioactive ingredients. The main objective was to develop and characterize low‐fat yogurts with added β‐glucan. This research demonstrated that β‐glucan could be added to yogurt up to 0.3%, which meets the nutrient guidelines for added nutritional benefits, without affecting the characteristics of yogurt significantly. This study will benefit the dairy industry by generating new products offering healthy alternatives.
Validation of an automated chromogenic assay of potency of factor VIII in commercial concentrates
Authors: Collazo V. , Alonso C. , Frutos G. 
Published: August 2012

SummaryThe determination of factor VIII (FVIII) potency in FVIII concentrates can be performed using both manual and automated methods. This work aimed to validate the use of the chromogenic kit Coamatic® FVIII (Chromogenix) on the automated ACL® Elite PRO analyzer for evaluating the potency of FVIII in commercial preparations in pharmaceutical analytical laboratories. After setting the activation and reading times to 2 min and 3 min, respectively, the validation parameters, according to the International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use guideline Q2 (R1), were as follows: linearity, expressed by the adjusted model: log (Absorbance) = 1.848 + 0.777∙log (Concentration), with r2 = 0.998; accuracy was verified (P‐value = 0.6959); and the coefficient of variation for repeatability and intermediate precision was ≤6.5%. The Coamatic® FVIII kit method has been adapted to the ACL Elite PRO analyzer with improved performance compared with a manual microplate method.
Discrepancy Between Tonometric Ambulatory and Cuff‐Based Office Blood Pressure Measurements in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Theilade Simone , Lajer Maria , Joergensen Christel , Persson Frederik , Rossing Peter 
Published: August 2012

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2012;14:686–693. ©2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The aim of the current study was to compare ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) with office blood pressure (OBP) in diagnosing hypertension (HTN) in type 1 diabetes. The cross‐sectional study included 569 type 1 diabetes patients, with a mean±standard deviation (SD) age of 55±13 years and diabetes duration of 33±16 years, and 315 (55%) men. Blood pressure ≥130/80 mm Hg defined HTN. ABP was measured by tonometry and OBP by sphygmomanometry. Elevated ABP with normal OBP defined masked uncontrolled HTN, and normal ABP with elevated OBP defined isolated uncontrolled clinic HTN. Mean±SD 24‐hour ABP, daytime ABP, and OBP was 128±16/75±10 mm Hg, 133±16/77±11 mm Hg, and 136±14/76±8 mm Hg, respectively (P<.001). With 24‐hour and daytime ABP, HTN was present in 256 (45%) and 304 (53%) patients; normal BP in 102 (18%) and 88 (15%) patients; isolated uncontrolled clinic HTN in 154 (27%) and 104 (%) patients; and masked uncontrolled HTN in 57 (10%) and 73 (13%) patients. Twenty‐four–hour ABP and OBP showed disagreement in diagnosing HTN in 211 (37%) patients. Daytime ABP and OBP disagreed in 177 (31%) patients. HTN by 24‐hour and daytime ABP was present in 313 (55%) and 377 (66%) patients. ABP measurements were well‐tolerated and successful in 98%. A total of 92% would volunteer for repeat measurements and 83% preferred the tonometry to conventional cuff‐based devices. In patients with type 1 diabetes, tonometric ABP measurements are feasible. ABP and OBP disagree in diagnosing HTN in 31% to 37% of patients. Furthermore, 55% to 66% of patients do not reach target BP of <130/80 mm Hg despite regular follow‐up.
Vitreoretinal interface in central serous choroidopathy: a retrospective case–control study
Authors: Theocharis Ioannis P. , Lima Luiz H. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose:  To investigate the frequency and patterns of vitreoretinal adherence in central serous choroidopathy (CSC) using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) imaging and compare them with normal subject.Methods:  A descriptive observational analytical retrospective case–control study. The study patients were split into non‐chronic and chronic CSC groups and compared with an age‐ and gender‐matched control group composed of healthy individuals without CSC. Five patterns of vitreoretinal adherence were defined: lacunae, partial posterior vitreous detachment (partial‐PVD), epiretinal membrane (ERM), focal vitreomacular adherence (VMA) and no recognizable pattern. Statistical analysis was performed.Results:  One hundred and four eyes of 52 patients were included in this study. Forty‐eight eyes of 24 patients had chronic CSC and 56 eyes of 28 patients had non‐chronic CSC. The control group for chronic CSC included 96 normal eyes of 48 subjects, and the control group for non‐chronic CSC included one hundred and twelve normal eyes of 56 subjects. We found a recognizable pattern of the vitreoretinal interface (lacuna, partial‐PPV, VMA or ERM) more often in non‐chronic CSC (p = 0.0001, OR = 6.51 and CI = 2.71–15.62) and in chronic CSC patients (p = 0.001, OR = 4.05, CI: 1.77–9.57) than in normal subjects.Conclusion:  The proportion of patterns of vitreoretinal adherence and interface found in CSC changes with age and manifests differently compared with normal eyes. The results indicate early changes in CSC patients younger than 40 years of old bilaterally.
Bats and Bacterial Pathogens: A Review
Authors: Mühldorfer K. 
Published: August 2012

SummaryThe occurrence of emerging infectious diseases and their relevance to human health has increased the interest in bats as potential reservoir hosts and vectors of zoonotic pathogens. But while previous and ongoing research activities predominantly focused on viral agents, the prevalence of pathogenic bacteria in bats and their impact on bat mortality have largely neglected. Enteric pathogens found in bats are often considered to originate from the bats’ diet and foraging habitats, despite the fact that little is known about the actual ecological context or even transmission cycles involving bats, humans and other animals like pets and livestock. For some bacterial pathogens common in human and animal diseases (e.g. Pasteurella, Salmonella, Escherichia and Yersinia spp.), the pathogenic potential has been confirmed for bats. Other bacterial pathogens (e.g. Bartonella, Borrelia and Leptospira spp.) provide evidence for novel species that seem to be specific for bat hosts but might also be of disease importance in humans and other animals. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge of bacterial pathogens identified in bats and to consider factors that might influence the exposure and susceptibility of bats to bacterial infection but could also affect bacterial transmission rates between bats, humans and other animals.
Cytochemical and immunocytochemical characterization of blood cells and immunohistochemical analysis of spleen cells from 2 species of frog, Rana (Aquarana) catesbeiana and Xenopus laevis
Authors: Bricker Nelson K. , Raskin Rose E. , Densmore Christine L. 
Published: August 2012

BackgroundMechanisms of amphibian diseases are not characterized as well as those in domestic mammalian species. Antemortem laboratory testing is limited in frogs, presenting a diagnostic challenge to zoos, laboratories, and exotic veterinarians.ObjectiveThis study aimed to characterize blood cells and splenic cells from 2 anuran species based on characteristics identified by Wright staining, cytochemical staining, and immunochemical analysis and on histologic examination of spleens.MethodsBlood specimens and spleens were obtained from 2 species of frog, the American bullfrog (Rana [Aquarana] catesbeiana) and the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis). Blood smears were evaluated after Wright staining and cytochemical staining for α‐naphthyl butyrate esterase (NBE), chloroacetate esterase (CAE), myeloperoxidase (PER), Sudan black B (SBB), and leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) reactions and for immunoreactivity for antibodies against CD3ε, CD79a, and BLA.36 antigens. Histologic sections of spleen were evaluated after staining with H&E and for immunoreactivity for CD3ε, CD79a, and BLA.36 antigens.ResultsIn bullfrogs, neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes were positive for some or all of the following: NBE, CAE, PER, and SBB; lymphocytes occasionally were positive for CAE. In clawed frogs, neutrophils, basophils, and monocytes were positive for some or all of the following: NBE, CAE, PER, and SBB; eosinophils occasionally were positive for CAE and PER, and lymphocytes were negative for all cytochemical stains. LAP was not a useful marker for any leukocyte type. In both species, peripheral blood lymphocytes were strongly immunoreactive for CD3ε, CD79a, and BLA.36. In splenic tissue, histologic patterns varied and there was diffuse immunoreactivity for CD79a and BLA.36 with focal reactivity for CD3ε, but with different distribution patterns in each species.ConclusionCytochemical and immunochemical analysis of cells may be helpful in identification and characterization of amphibian blood cells and splenic cells for evaluation of the health of these animals.
Canine and feline pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity
Authors: Xenoulis Panagiotis G. , Steiner Jörg M. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe diagnosis of pancreatitis in dogs and cats can be challenging. Several diagnostic tests have been evaluated over the years, but the majority have been shown to be of limited utility owing to poor performance or limited availability or because invasive procedures are required. Assays for the measurement of pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (cPLIfor dogs andfPLIfor cats) were first developed over a decade ago and now include SpeccPLand SNAPcPLfor dogs and SpecfPLand SNAPfPLfor cats. Owing to their high sensitivity and specificity for pancreatitis compared with those of other serum tests, concentrations ofcPLIandfPLIhave been demonstrated to be the serum tests of choice for evaluation of dogs and cats, respectively, suspected of having pancreatitis. False–positive and false–negative results can occur, and recognition of the limitations of pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity assays is important. As there is currently no gold standard for antemortem diagnosis of pancreatitis in dogs and cats, the combination of a complete history and physical examination, measurement of pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity, and ultrasonographic examination of the pancreas is the best approach for an accurate noninvasive diagnosis of pancreatitis.
Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion (TAPSE) in Dogs: Reference Values and Impact of Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Pariaut R. , Saelinger C. , Strickland K.N. , Beaufrère H. , Reynolds C.A. , Vila J. 
Published: August 2012

BackgroundThe impact of pulmonary hypertension (PH) on right ventricular systolic function is difficult to assess. Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) is an echocardiographic measurement of right ventricular systolic function and a strong predictor of outcome in human PH patients.Hypothesis/ObjectivesDetermine a reference range for TAPSE in healthy dogs, and quantify TAPSE in dogs with PH. It is hypothesized that TAPSE is lower in dogs with PH compared with a reference group, and decreases as PH worsens.AnimalsFifty normal dogs and 30 dogs with PH.MethodsTAPSE was measured by 2‐dimensional echocardiography‐guided M‐mode from the left apical 4‐chamber view. Peak systolic tricuspid valve regurgitation jet velocity was measured by continuous‐wave Doppler to estimate right ventricular‐to‐right atrial pressure gradient. PH was subjectively classified as mild, moderate, and severe.ResultsThere was a curvilinear correlation between TAPSE and body weight. The upper and lower limits of the 95% reference interval were determined by quantile regression. Interobserver and intraobserver agreement was adequate with a coefficient of variation <10%. There were significant differences when comparing dogs with PH and the healthy group, as well as between the PH subgroups (P < .01), except between dogs with mild and moderate PH (P = .99). Only dogs in the severe PH group had TAPSE values that were mostly below the lower limit of the reference interval.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceTAPSE is easily obtainable with acceptable inter and intraobserver agreement. TAPSE is decreased in PH and below the reference interval in most dogs with severe PH.
Incidence, Nature, and Etiology of Metabolic Acidosis in Dogs and Cats
Authors: Hopper K. , Epstein S.E. 
Published: August 2012

BackgroundMetabolic acidosis is an important abnormality in ill and injured dogs and cats.ObjectivesTo describe the incidence, nature, and etiology of metabolic acidosis in dogs and cats that had arterial or venous blood gases measured for any reason at a university teaching hospital.AnimalsDogs and cats at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital.MethodsAcid base parameters and electrolyte and lactate concentrations in dogs and cats measured during a 13‐month period were retrospectively retrieved from a computer database. Metabolic acidosis was defined as a standardized base excess (SBE) in dogs of <−4 mmol/L and in cats <−5 mmol/L.ResultsA total of 1,805 dogs and cats were included; of these, 887 (49%) were classified as having a metabolic acidosis (753 dogs and 134 cats). Primary metabolic acidosis was the most common disorder in dogs, whereas mixed acid base disorder of metabolic acidosis and respiratory acidosis was most common in cats. Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis was more common than a high anion gap (AG) metabolic acidosis; 25% of dogs and 34% of cats could not be classified as having either a hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis or a high AG metabolic acidosis.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceMetabolic acidosis was found commonly in this patient population and was associated with a wide variety of disease processes. Mixed acid base disorders occur frequently and routine categorization of metabolic acidosis based on the presence of high AG or hyperchloremia may be misleading in a large proportion of cases.
Co-nanoencapsulated doxorubicin and Dz13 control osteosarcoma progression in a murine model
Authors: Tan Mei Lin , Friedhuber Anna M , Dass Crispin R 
Published: August 2012

Abstract

Objectives
Chitosan is a green (natural, abundant, biodegradable, biocompatible) biopolymer that can be formulated to encapsulate a variety of therapeutic compounds. This study aimed to investigate chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) as a means of improving delivery of the clinically used anti-cancer agent doxorubicin (Dox) and the preclinical lead compound Dz13 oligonucleotide together.

Methods
A novel chitosan NP system encapsulating Dox and Dz13 was designed, biophysically characterised and tested in a clinically relevant model of the metastasising bone tumour, osteosarcoma (OS).

Key findings
By careful alteration of the concentration of the individual components, a final formulation of Dz13-Dox NPs (DDNPs) was achieved, with high (&gt;91%) loading of both compounds, which consisted of individual 50-nm particles forming aggregates as large as 500 nm, with a large positive ζ-potential. The DDNPs could be stored at various temperatures for a week without loss in activity but were prone to degradation in serum. DDNPs successfully inhibited OS tumour growth more effectively than treatment with NPs of Dz13 and Dox-chitosan, as well as Dox administered intraperitoneally. Apart from inhibiting tumour growth, DDNPs protected the affected bone from substantial destruction by aggressive tumour growth and reduced the incidence of metastasis to the lungs without causing adverse effects in mice.

Conclusion
This NP is a promising formulation that could be useful for clinical management of OS.