bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
V.—The Fossils Found on the Site of the Torquay Museum
Authors: Jukes-Browne A. J. , Newton R. B. 
Published: May 2009

The fossils which form the subject of this notice were obtained from the slates exposed in the excavations for the foundations of the “Pengelly” Lecture Hall, which was added to the Museum of the Torquay Natural History Society in 1894. They were collected by Mr. W. J. Else, the late Curator of the Museum, and were examined by the late Rev. G. F. Whidborne, who published some account of them in the Geological Magazine for 1901, p. 533.When Mr. Whidborne's paper was published I was not specially interested in the details of the geological structure of Torquay, but since then I have paid much attention to these local details and have collected fossils from all existing exposures. I was consequently surprised to find on reference to the note published by Mr. Whidborne that he had regarded these fossils as a Lower Devonian assemblage, in spite of the fact that the Museum is in close contiguity to a tract of Middle Devonian Limestone, as shown on the map of the Geological Survey published in 1898. Moreover, he quoted a statement made by the late Mr. A. Somervail regarding the stratigraphical position of the slates which is entirely incorrect. It is not true that in ascending the Torwood valley from The Strand one passes over a descending series of rocks. The beds underlying The Strand are shaly slates, which dip northward under limestone, and the same slates run up the valley to and a little beyond the Museum; they are then succeeded by limestone which crosses the valley in a south-east direction, and about 100 yards higher up this is faulted against slates which are believed to be of Lower Devonian age.
VII.—The Manufacture of Serpentine in Nature's Laboratory. A Reply
Authors: MacMahon C. A. 
Published: May 2009

Prof. Blake, F.G.S., President of the Geologists' Association, has been good enough to send me cuttings from his recently published work “Annals of British Geology” containing his running comments on papers by me published during the period embraced by his volume, and for which I desire to tender him my best thanks.I think it will be more courteous on my part to offer a few observations by way of reply to Prof. Blake's criticisms than to allow them to pass in silence; but I must confine myself to one paper, by way of sample.
VII.—An Ancient Glacial Shore
Authors: Lomas Joseph 
Published: May 2009

For some time I have had under observation the sections of drift exposed in the cuttings of the Seacombe branch of the Wirral Railway, and hope to describe them on some future occasion when the sections are nearer completion.However, Mr. Mellard Keade has forestalled me in the description of one part of the sections, and professes to have foundinthem evidence of “ an ancient glacial shore.” What does he produce in favour of the statement?
VII.—On The Alleged Conversion of Chlorite into Biotite by Contact Action
Authors: Mcmahon C. A. 
Published: May 2009

I have to thank Dr. Callaway for the courtesy and good-humour with which he has received my criticisms on his paper in the December Number of the GEOLOGICAL MAGAZINE. Would that all controversial fencing were conducted with equally well-tipped foils.My Roman soldiers,inparticular, have been received with a kindness that reminds me of the friendly meetings of the British and French officers in the Peninsular War during brief seasons of armistice. Indeed, one might almost go so far as to say that friendly intercourse with these Koman cohorts has imbued Dr. Callaway with a taste for military tactics, and has inspired him to perform a masterly change of front under cover of the active advance of a line of skirmishers.
V.—Note on Sediments Dredged from the English Lakes
Authors: Hutchings W. Maynard 
Published: May 2009

Dr. H. C. Mill has recently made elaborate bathometric surveys of the principal English lakes, and whilst taking the soundings he has collected a series of samples of the bottom-deposits, for the purpose of microscopic study.At the request of Mr. Marr I undertook a careful mineralogical examination of these samples, and, though nothing very striking or specially interesting has resulted from the work, it may be worth while to record in the Geological Magazine the fact of such an examination having been made, and to state the mineralogical and other observations noted.
V.—Some Physical Questions Connected with Theories of the Origin of Mountain Ranges
Authors: Reade T. Mellard 
Published: May 2009

Mr. A. Vaughan has honoured with a criticism my exposition of the physical principles upon which my Theory of the Origin of Mountain Ranges is founded, which appearedinthis MAGAZINE last May.Had it not been that much of what I have written seems to have been misapprehended, I should probably have refrained from comment and left the two papers to speak for themselves.
V.—Mr. Harkee and Mr. Debley on the Scandinavian Ice-Sheet
Authors: Howorth Henry H. 
Published: May 2009

Mr. Deeley tells your readers that he has recently been to the summit of Mont Blanc, and has been studying the difference between névé and glacier ice. This is interesting; but we thought that a great many people had done the same thing during the last hundred years, and we thought that one of them, Forbes, had studied the famous Mountain and the phenomenoninquestion to good effect, not in a casual visit to the Alps, but in the course of many years of patient labour. Among other things we also thought he had shown that in a viscous body like ice, the slope of the upper surface necessary to make it begin to move is the same as the slope which, would be required to induce motion in the ice if its bed were inclined at an angle. He further collected considerable evidence to show what the least angle is upon which ice will begin to move. This is the slope, the least slope, available. It is nothing less than astounding to me that anyone should venture to postulate a Scand in avian ice-sheet in the North Sea until he had considered this necessary factor, and how it would operate.The Scand in avian ice-sheet was, I believe, the invention of Croll, who, sittinginhis arm-chair and endowed with a brilliant imagination, imposed upon sober science this extraordinary postulate. He did not dream of testing it by an examination of the coasts of Norway, or even of Britain, but put it forward apparently as a magnificent deduction. All deductions untested by experiment are dangerous. Thus it came about that the great monster which is said to have come from Norway, goodness knows by what mechanical process, speedily dissolved away on the application of inductive methods. Of course it still maintained its hold upon that section, of geologists who dogmatiseinprint a great deal about the Glacial period before they have ever seen a glacier at work at all; but I am speaking of those who have studied the problem inductively. First Mr. James Geikie, a disciple of Croll, was obliged to confess that this ice-sheet, which is actually said to have advanced as far as the hundred-fathom line in the Atlantic, and there presented a cliff of ice like the Antarctic continent, never can have reached the Faroes, which had an ice-sheet of their own. Next Messrs. Peach and Home were constrained to admit that no traces of it of any kind occur in the Orkneys, or in Eastern Scotland. They still maintained its presence in the Shetlands; however, this was upon evidence which is somewhat extraordinary. I do not mean the evidence as to the direction of the striation, which was so roughly handled by Mr. Milne-Home, but I mean the evidence they adduce that the boulders found on the islands are apparently all local ones, and that, contrary to the deposits of glaciers, they diminish in number as we recede from the matrix whence they were derived.
IV.—On a Modern Ferruginous Conglomerate upon Ashby Wolds, Leicestershire
Authors: Gresley W. S. 
Published: May 2009

During the summer of 1885, in excavating for a small reservoir for colliery purposes at Moira, three miles west of Ashby-de-la Zouch, au interesting deposit of a kind of Limonite Iron-ore was met with, the following description of which may interest some of the readers of the Geological Magazine.The bed occurred about five feet below the surface soil, near a small stream, at a place called “Hanging Hill” [see Geol. 1-inch Map, Quarter-Sheet No. 63, N.W.]. In thickness it hardly reached a foot, but its extent was not proved; it rested unconformably upon stiff blue clay of the Coal-measures, and was overlaid by yellowish clay, loam, sand, etc., unstratified, containing a few pebbles and other drifted matter; it was principally composed of nodules and fragments of nodules of earthy yellowish brown ironstone, of similarly formed pieces of very hard and compact light grey siliceous stone having a thin crust or shell of compact dark brown iron-ore, (probably göthite), of sandy nodular masses largely composed of limonite; of fragments and small nodules of fossiliierous hard red hæmatite generally coated with a bright red skin which is often powdery; also specimens of compact brown iron ore having a yellow ochre coating, sometimes the compact red and yellow hæmatites are associated in the same sample, the latter variety appears to form a kind of shell to the red ore, though occasionally the two kinds exist in thin alternating bands.
III.—Did the Mammoth Live Before, During, or After the Deposition of the Drifts
Authors: Howorth Henry H. 
Published: May 2009

In recent papers which I have printed in the GEOLOGICAL MAGAZINE I have tried to show that some of the greatest mountain chains in the world are of very recent origin; and that this accounts for their showing no traces, or very slight ones, of the action of ice on a wide-spread scale.I have, in fact, ventured to lay down the conclusion that the presence or absence of such traces of ice-action is a test of whether these mountains existed at the so-called Glacial period or not.
IV.—An Abnormal Section of Chloritic Marl at Mupe Bay, Dorset
Authors: Strahan A. 
Published: May 2009

In “The Geology of the Isle of Purbeck and Weymouth” (p. 152) I referred to some green sand which occurs next below the Chalk in Mupe Bay, Dorset, as somewhat resembling Chloritio Marl, but as being too thick for that bed. As it was followed by the Gault, I concluded that it belonged to the Upper Greensand. The section was subsequently visited by Mr. W. Hill, who collected from the sand in question Holaster subglobosus, var. altus, and Echinoconus castanea among other fossils, and inferred that it was Chloritic Marl. He considered that though it passed up inseusibly into the Chalk it was faulted against the Gault, but that there had been also considerable contemporaneous erosion of the Upper Greensand. In April of this year I revisited the section in company with Mr. Hill, and was fully satisfied as to the correctness of his views. The following account has been drawn up from our observations:—The Lower Chalk becomes extremely impure in its lower part, and contains much glauconite; it thus graduates insensibly downwards into a gritty glauconitic sand. The sand contains a few phosphatic casts, more or less worn or corroded, scattered throughout it, but has a well-marked nodule-bed crowded with these casts at its base; other fossils with the shell preserved and not filled in with phosphate occur also throughout the whole bed.
VII.—Note on the Synonymy of Phillipsia gemmulifera, Phillips sp. 1836, a Carboniferous Trilobite
Authors: Woodward Henry 
Published: May 2009

Although the Carboniferous Trilobites are but few in number, and are all included in four genera, they have not escaped the usual trouble arising from incorrect determinations.One of these occurred in reference to Phillipsia gemmulifera. Phillips, sp., better known by the name of “Phillipsia pustulata,” Schlotheim species, a name first applied to this form by Professor de Koninck in 1842–44 (see Descr. Anim. Foss. Terr. Carbonif. de Belgique, p, 603, tab. liii. fig. 5).This Trilobite, first known by a pygidium only, was very carefully figured in " Brongniart′s and Desmarest′s Histoire Naturelle des Crust. Foss. 1823, p. 145, pl. iv. fig. 12, 1822," where it is called “Asaphus” from the black limestone in the environs of Dublin.It was next figured by Phillips in his Geology of Yorkshire, 1836, vol. ii. pl. xxii. fig. 11, p. 240, who named it Asaphus gemmuliferus.Buckland again repeats the figure later in the same year, and follows Phillips′s name of A. gemmuliferus.
III.—On the Occurrence of a Ceratozamia in the Tertiary Flora of Leoben in Styria
Authors: von Ettingshausen Constantin Baron 
Published: May 2009

Mr. Adolph Hoffmann has kindly sent me a large series of fossil plants from the Tertiary strata of Leoben containing a very rich fossil flora. On examining the latter, I discovered a fossil leaf, which I at once recognized as a Cycad.Remains of that family of plants are extraordinarily rare in the Tertiary strata of Europe. They are limited almost entirely to the Eocene formation. The occurrence, therefore, of such a fossil in the Tertiary flora of Leoben, which belongs to the Miocene period, calls forth the greatest interest, and I shall not fail to give a preliminary notice on the subject to palaeontologists.
IV.—The “Great Submergence” Again: Clava, etc. Part II
Authors: Bell Dugald 
Published: May 2009

Last month I glanced at some of the difficulties attaching to the theory of a “ great submergence ” during Glacial times, particularly in connection with the deposition of this shelly clay at Clava.In regard to the alternative theory of transport by land-ice, the following facts may be enumerated as so far in its favour:-(a) Evidences of ice-action are conspicuous all over the district. It is a region of intense glaciation, and this special locality is right in the tract of the ancient ice-sheet.(b) The traces of the movement show that, with a very small submergence, the ice-sheet must have passed over part of a former sea-bottom.(c) That in this neighbourhood it rose in its progress, carrying numerous boulders with it in its course, and leaving them at higher elevations than their parent beds of rock.
I.—Eminent Living Geologists
Authors: Woodward Arthur Smith 
Published: May 2009

In presenting a portrait and offering to the readers of the Geological Magazine a brief memoir of Dr. Arthur Smith Woodward, my namesake and successor in the Geological Department of the British Museum (Natural History), I feel that no apology is needed, inasmuch as every lover of our science will be glad to possess a record of one of its leading men whom he may have met already, and known generally, but may wish for a more personal acquaintance, which this sketch is intended to furnish.Henry Woodward.
VII.—On the Circulation of Salt in its Relations to Geology
Authors: Ackroyd William 
Published: May 2009

A wrong impression is given by the question: “Why will Mr. Ackroyd not have the 19 rivers?” (Geol. Mag., November, 1901, p. 505). The data collected by Sir John Murray are admirable additions to our natural knowledge, and they are used in my last article (Geol. Mag., October, 1901, p. 448), but I contend that they are not available for use in the expression—and I cannot accept either the minor or major limits of time arrived at in this way. Perhaps a few more lines are necessary to further amplify my reasons.
I.—On a New Species of Æger from the Lower Lias, of Wilmcote, Warwickshire
Authors: Woodward Henry 
Published: May 2009

The genus Æger of Münster was established in 1839, to contain some of the most beautiful forms of Prawn-like Crustacea found in the Solenhofen Limestone of Bavaria (see Beiträge, vol. ii. p. 64). Dr. Oppel, in his Palæontologische Mittheilungen (Stuttgart, 1862), p. 109, thus defines the genus:The inner antennæ (antennules), with their long bifid filaments, start from three strong basal articulations, and attain in most specimens to twice the length of the whole body. The antennal scales are thin and very long. The basal joints of the inner antennæ are finely serrated along their border. They are much elongated, and project further in front of the head than the outer antennæ, as is the case in the existing Shrimps.
VII.—Note on Eurypterus from the Carboniferous
Authors: Woodward Henry 
Published: May 2009

In the Geological Magazine for November last (Decade III. Vol. IV. p. 481, Pl. XIII.) I gave a brief description of a new species of Eurypterus from the Lower Carboniferous Shales, Eskdale, Scotland, which I named Eurypterus scabrosus.I referred to other Carboniferous forms, and briefly mentioned one from the Lower productive Coal-measures, Darlington, Pennsylvania, U.S.A., figured as a woodcut only in the American Phil. Soc. Proc. vol. xix. p. 152, 1881.
I.—On Eryon Antiquus, Broderip, sp., from the Lower Lias, Lyme-Regis, Dorset
Authors: Woodward Henry 
Published: May 2009

So far back as the year 1820, Schlotheim described in his Petrefactenkunde, vol. i. p. 37, certain Oolitic Crustacea from Solenhofen, which he called Macrourites; but forms belonging to more than one genus were included by him under this name.We are indebted to M. Desmarest, in 1822, for the earliest description of the genus Eryon from the Lithographic Stone of Solenhofen
I.—Footprints of Vertebrates in the Coal-Measures of Kansas
Authors: Marsh O. C. 
Published: May 2009

The Museum of Yale University contains a small collection of footprints of much interest, which were found in 1873, in the Middle Coal-measures, near Osage, in South-eastern Kansas. A careful re-examination of these footprints has been recently made by the writer, and the main results are given in the present paper.The impressions are well preserved in a calcareous shale, which separates readily into thin slabs, each representing a surface of the beach at the time the footprints were made upon it. A few shells in the shale are sufficient to prove that the formation is marine. Trails of annelids, and perhaps of other invertebrates, are seen on some of the surfaces.
V.—Note on the Expansion Theory of Mountain-Evolution
Authors: Davison Charles 
Published: May 2009

The following is the fundamental principle of the theory of terrestrial evolution which has been sometimes called the “expansion theory”:—Masses of sediment laid down in an area of subsidence are gradually lowered to regions of the earth's crust that are at a higher temperature than that in which they were deposited. The sediment, being heated, expands, is crumpled and folded internally, and, bulging up at the surface, is reduced by denudation to the form of a mountain-chain.
I.—Some Additions to the Vertebrate Fauna of the Norfolk “Preglacial Forest Bed” with Description of a New Species of Deer (Cervus Rectus)
Authors: Newton E. T. 
Published: May 2009

Vertebrate remains from the “Forest Bed” continue to be brought to light by the rapid denudation of the East Anglian coast, and I have again to acknowledge my indebtedness to Mr. A. Savin, of Cromer, whose assiduous collecting has preserved so many of these fossils, and made them available for scientific study. One of the specimens which he has now sent me is a species of Cervus, apparently new to science, while the others, although referable to living forms, are now for the first time definitely recorded from the “Forest Bed,” and if my determinations prove to be correct, the following names may be added to the list of Mammalia from this deposit:—Cervus rectus, new species.Bison bonasus, Linn., var. priscus, Bojanus (to replace Bos primigenius).
III.—On Jurassic Ammonites
Authors: Buckman S. S. 
Published: May 2009

In a former communication (Geol. Mag. Dec. III. Vol. IV. No. 9, p. 396, 1887), when pointing out how Reinecke's Amm. serpentinus had been misunderstood, I gave as a synonym, but with a query, Sowerby's Amm. Strangewaysi. As I have, since then, examined the type-specimen of the latter species contained in the collection of the Natural History Museum, and as Mr. E. Walford kindly forwarded me for my determination a capital specimen from Byfield, I have been able to satisfactorily settle the identity of these forms. Except being evolute carinate Ammonites, the two species have hardly a feature in common.Discoidal, compressed, hollow-carinate. Whorls flattened, ornamented with genuine sickle-shaped ribs, which, though less conspicuous in size on the body-chamber, are there more distinctly bent. Ventral area marked by the prolonged forward sweep of the ribs, and surmounted by a well-marked hollow-carina.
I.–On some new Devonian Fossils
Authors: Jones T. Rupert , Woodward H. 
Published: May 2009

In this specimen one valve (the left) and a part of the dorsal region of the other, remain visible; the rest of the right valve being bent down, broken, and imbedded in the matrix. This is a finely micaceous, non-calcareous, grey mudstone, weathering ferruginous towards one edge, which probably abutted on a crack open to water and atmosphere.The fossil, in the grey portion is darker than the matrix, and fairly represents the test of half of the carapace, with only a very thin lamina wanting, a broken edge of which is traceable (with a lens) near the ventral margin. This left valve measures 9·2 by 7·4 mm. It is subcircular, more boldly curved on the ventral than on the posterior margin, whilst the front margin is somewhat truncate, having a nearly straight edge from above downwards before it bends round into the ventral curve.
IV.—On the Occurrence of Two Species of Madreporaria in the Upper Lias of Gloucestershire
Authors: Tomes Robert F. 
Published: May 2009

The few recorded Madreporaria of the Upper Lias possess considerable interest on account of the great generic as well as specific differences which exist between them and those from the Middle and Lower Lias, though it might seem probable that the discovery of a greater number of species would diminish that discrepancy. Such a conclusion has not, however, by any means been substantiated by further acquaintance with those from the Upper Lias of the district of which I am about to speak.The late Mr. Charles Moore in his exhaustive paper, “On the Middle and Upper Lias of the South-West of England,” gives sections of the Upper Lias exposed in quarries on the hills at Stanley and Dumbleton.
V.—A Chemical Examination of the St. Bees Sandstone of West Cumberland
Authors: Melmore Sidney 
Published: May 2009

The following analyses were made to ascertain the magnitude of local variations in the St. Bees Sandstone of West Cumberland. It will be convenient for this purpose to consider the district as follows:—The area south of St. Bees, as far as Calder Bridge.The area north of Maryport, as far as Wigton.
I.—Notes on new or imperfectly known Chalk Polyzoa
Authors: Brydone R. M. 
Published: May 2009

A developmental sequence of Membraniporellæ showing progressive subordination of the ribbed front wall to a solid secondary front wall can be traced fairly directly from Membraniporella pustulosa, Bryd., which is prevalent in the zone of M. cor-anguinum and the Uintaerinus band and seems to die out in the zone of Marsupites. In the zone (restricted) of A. quadratus it is succeeded byMembraniporella thoraciformis, sp. nov. (PL IX, Figs. 1–3.)Zoarium unilaminate, incrusting.
II.—On some Belgian Fossil Reptiles
Authors: Dollo Louis 
Published: May 2009

I have read with much interest the two articles which Messrs. G. A. Boulenger and R. Lydekker have recently published in the Geological Magazine, and I should be very much obliged if you would permit me to make an addition, which appears to me useful, and which I should be glad to see published.1. Pseudotrionyx.—1. I have remarked with satisfaction that it has been possible for the above-named naturalists to refer to P. Delheidi, a Tortoise of the London-clay. This discovery is doubly interesting, in the first place because it shows the existence of the Belgian fossil in England, in the second place, because it establishes the existence of the Bruxelliau (Middle Eocene) Chelonian in the Ypresian epoch (Lower Eocene).