bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiplicity Adjustment for Composite Binary Endpoints
Authors: Kieser M. , Rauch G. 
Published: April 2012

SummaryBackground: Binary composite outcome measures are increasingly used as primary endpoints in clinical trials. Composite endpoints combine several events of interest within a single variable. However, as the effect observed for the composite does not necessarily reflect the effects for the individual components, it is recommended in the literature to additionally evaluate each component separately.Objectives: The task is to define an adequate multiple test procedure which focuses on the composite outcome measure but allows for a confirmatory interpretation of the components in case of large effects.Methods: In this paper, we determine the correlation matrix for a multiple binary endpoint problem of a composite endpoint and its components based on the normal approximation test statistic for rates. Thereby, we assume multinomial distributed components. We use this correlation to calculate the adjusted local significance levels. We discuss how to use our approach for a more informative formulation of the test problem. Our work is illustrated by two clinical trial examples.Results: By taking into account the special correlation structure between a binary composite outcome and its components, an adequate multiple test procedure to assess the composite and its components can be defined based on an approximate multivariate normal distribution without much loss in power compared to a test problem formulated exclusively for the composite.Conclusions: By incorporating the correlation under the null hypotheses, the global power for the multiple test problem assessing both the composite and its components can be increased as compared to simple Bonferroni-adjustment. Thus, a confirmatory analysis of the composite and its components might be possible without a large increase in sample size as compared to a single endpoint problem formulated exclusively for the composite
Les OGM : des modifications génétiques aux modifications géographiques ?
Authors: Glon Éric 
Published: April 2012

Si l’agriculture transgénique est peu développée dans l’Union européenne, celle-ci souhaite promouvoir la coexistence entre cultures OGM et conventionnelles. L’Europe communautaire s’appuie sur deux principes. Elle entend préserver la liberté de choix de l’agriculteur et du consommateur tout en prenant en compte les éventuels risques environnementaux et sanitaires liés aux OGM. Comment l’Union européenne aborde-t-elle cette coexistence et quels sont les aménagements spatiaux envisagés. En quoi cela interpelle-t-il le géographe et quel peut-être son apport sur ce sujet ?
Rêve de famille, rêve de thérapeute
Authors: Combase Catherine 
Published: April 2012

Résumé La thérapie familiale met en jeu un emboîtement de soutiens : soutien de la famille à ses membres, soutien du ou des thérapeutes au groupe familial, soutien des thérapeutes par d’autres groupes, comme la supervision. L’enfant atteint de troubles psychiques n’est pas seul à souffrir : tous les membres de la famille sont pris dans un réseau de relations douloureuses et compliquées. Les thérapeutes qui les écoutent peuvent s’attendre à revisiter dans le transfert leurs propres liens familiaux, leur histoire à travers les générations. Deux exemples cliniques illustrent ici cette problématique par des rêves, l’un dans une séance et l’autre chez la thérapeute, hors séance.
Comment résister à la confusion des images ?
Authors: Tisseron Serge 
Published: April 2012

Résumé La fréquentation des nouvelles technologies conduit aujourd’hui les jeunes à avoir une distance critique plus grande vis-à-vis des images, même si l’être humain est toujours porté à croire en elles. La famille a un rôle important à jouer dans l’apprentissage d’une attitude critique vis-à-vis des images à condition que chacun parle de ses sensations et de ses émotions face à elles, les utilise comme une source d’information sur soi et reconnaisse leurs « failles ».
L'enfant face aux images animées, de l'imaginé à la symbolisation
Authors: Allard Claude 
Published: April 2012

Résumé La relation entre l’enfant et les images animées de l’audiovisuel qu’il regarde sur les petits écrans dans ses loisirs ou dans ses jeux n’engage pas seulement son intersubjectivité de joueur ou de spectateur. L’investissement narcissique de l’enfant est suffisamment fort pour qu’il noue avec les personnages un véritable « transfert ». Ces images lui procurent aussi des références identificatoires les plus variées. Elles se réfèrent le plus souvent à l’image de son corps. À partir d’une connaissance minimale du monde médiatique de l’enfant, le thérapeute navigue entre de nombreux écueils, de la fuite imaginaire consentie à la mise en jeu d’une symbolisation véritable qui ne peut être que verbalisable.
Les résultats des thérapies familiales psychanalytiques
Authors: Eiguer Alberto 
Published: April 2012

Résumé Cette étude évalue les résultats de 20 cas traités pendant une longue période en corrélant, d’une part, les niveaux d’amélioration et, d’autre part, le type de famille, la durée du processus, la nature du transfert développée, la sollicitation contre-transférentielle, la co-thérapie ou la mono-thérapie. Dans 70 % des cas, l’évolution a été positive. Parmi les facteurs favorisant ces évolutions on trouve la prise de conscience sur les déterminismes collectifs et l’implication transférentielle. L’étude souligne l’intérêt des interventions du thérapeute axées sur les résistances et sur les ruptures du sentiment identitaire de la famille. Il est aussi utile que le thérapeute laisse transparaître son propre cheminement d’élaboration psychique.
La rivalité, pourquoi faire ?
Authors: Tisseron Serge 
Published: April 2012

Résumé Le mythe de la « complémentarité homme-femme » a alimenté toutes les ségrégations contre les femmes depuis deux siècles. La psychanalyse y a notamment contribué avec ses propres mythes nullement nécessaires ni à la théorie, ni à la pratique de la psychanalyse, comme « l’envie du pénis », la « castration » et « l’enfant comme substitut du pénis », ou encore la dénonciation sans appel de l’homosexualité.
La différenciation sexuelle à l'épreuve du couple
Authors: Dupré La Tour Monique 
Published: April 2012

Résumé Les différentes étapes de la vie d’un couple, son instauration et ses crises dans leurs deux dimensions : crises de la désillusion et crises structurelles, mettent à l’épreuve l’identité narcissique et l’identité sexuelle des conjoints. Le travail de dépassement de la crise permet aux conjoints de reprendre l’évolution pré-œdipienne et œdipienne et ouvre à une meilleure intégration de la féminité et de la virilité. Le couple est dans ces conditions un nouvel organisateur du psychisme.
Preferential Expansion of Human Virus-Specific Multifunctional Central Memory T Cells by Partial Targeting of the IL-2 Receptor Signaling Pathway: The Key Role of CD4+ T Cells
Authors: Schmueck Michael , Fischer Annika M. , Hammoud Ben , Brestrich Gordon , Fuehrer Henrike , Luu Si-Hong , Mueller Karin , Babel Nina , Volk Hans-Dieter , Reinke Petra 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Effector memory T cells are effective in controlling acute infections, but central memory T cells play a key role in long-lasting protection against viruses and tumors. In vivo/in vitro challenge by Ag commonly supports the generation of effector memory T cells with limited longevity. To our knowledge, this study demonstrates for the first time in the human system and under rechallenge conditions that targeting IL-2R by partial mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition or blocking IL-2Rα enriches human CD4+/CD8+ central memory T cells within the virus-specific T cell product associated with enhanced functionality (i.e., multicytokine secretors, including IL-2; enhanced CD137 and CD107a expression on CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, respectively; and killing infected target cells). Remarkably, the effects on CD8+ T cells are mainly mediated via the enhancement of CD4+ T cell function. The data reveal new insights into the role of CD4+ T cell support for the quality of CD8+ T cell memory, even under rechallenge conditions. Moreover, our method offers a new approach to improve the long-lasting efficacy of adoptive T cell therapy in patients.
Polyinosinic-Polycytidylic Acid Limits Tumor Outgrowth in a Mouse Model of Metastatic Lung Cancer
Authors: Forte Giovanni , Rega Alessia , Morello Silvana , Luciano Antonio , Arra Claudio , Pinto Aldo , Sorrentino Rosalinda 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), a TLR3 ligand, is currently being tested in human clinical trials as an adjuvant to anti-cancer vaccines and in combination with other therapies. However, little is known about its activity in established pulmonary metastasis. The aim of our study was to elucidate the effect of poly I:C (1, 10, or 100 μg/mouse) in a mouse model of B16-F10–induced metastatic lung cancer. Lung tumor growth was arrested after a single administration of poly I:C. This was associated with higher influx of mature dendritic cells (DCs), which drove toward a Th1-like, Th17-like, and cytotoxic immune environment. The interference with IFN type I receptor signaling by means of a specific mAb reversed poly I:C-mediated tumor regression due to lower presence of myeloid DCs, cytotoxic DCs (CD11c+CD8+), NKT cells, CD8+ T cells, and Th1-like cytokines. Moreover, the adoptive transfer of poly I:C-activated bone marrow-derived DCs into tumor-bearing mice resulted in activities similar to those of the systemic administration of poly I:C on lung tumor burden. In conclusion, our data prove that poly I:C has potential anti-tumor activity in a mouse model of established pulmonary metastasis. The activation of DCs and the production of IFN type I are responsible for an effective T cytotoxic immune response against metastatic lung cancer progression after poly I:C treatment.
Shortening Ocular Pain Duration following Intravitreal Injections
Authors: Rifkin Lana , Schaal Shlomit 
Published: April 2012

Purpose. To determine ocular pain duration after routine in-office intravitreal injection and to determine whether topical eyedrops are beneficial in increasing patient comfort. Methods. Forty injection-naïve patients receiving routine intravitreal injections of bevacizumab for age-related macular degeneration were randomized into 3 groups: group 1 (control, no drops), group 2 (generic artificial tears), and group 3 (ketorolac tromethamine 0.4% eyedrops). Those who received topical medications were given a Visual Analog Pain score survey and asked to record their pain on a scale from 0 (no distress) to 10 (unbearable distress) daily until a score of 0 was achieved, at which point they were instructed to discontinue use of their given drops. Self-reported pain scores were assessed. Results. Pain after routine intravitreal injection lasts on average between 3 and 7 days. Patients receiving topical ketorolac eyedrops reported the fewest average number of pain days (2.25±1.22) vs patients receiving artificial tears (3.54±1.13) or those who received no postprocedure eyedrops (5.13±1.25); p<0.05. At most, patients receiving ketorolac eyedrops reported 3 days of recordable pain. Those who received artificial tears reported at most 5 days of recordable pain, and patients who did not receive any postprocedure eyedrops reported at most 7 days of recordable pain. Conclusions. Pain after intravitreal injection is generally mild, may be reduced by postinjection topical ketorolac eyedrops, and lasts less than 1 week.
Resisting Bellamy: How Kautsky and Bebel Read Looking Backward
Authors: Toth Csaba 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Scientific socialism as developed by the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), the world's largest workers' party, and the Second International, basically a creation of German socialists, viewed utopianism as empirically unverifiable. The publication, wide circulation, and enormous success in Germany of Edward Bellamy's Looking Backward therefore posed a strong challenge to the leaders of the SPD, Karl Kautsky and August Bebel, and it attracted their criticism on several occasions. Such high-level condemnations of Bellamy call for an explanation. The SPD, freshly out of illegality in 1890, scored a decisive victory over Bismarck, and the party's big electoral gains led to utopian hopes among the rank and file. In this expectant milieu, Looking Backward was interpreted as a model for immediate action. However, socialist leaders saw it differently. Kautsky and Bebel reasoned that the immediatism of the American utopia flagrantly violated the ineluctable tendencies of history, recklessly rushed historical destiny, and put the achievements of the socialists at risk. It was not without irony that Kautsky found the absence of utopianism one of the SPD's greatest accomplishments. It was into this utopian vacuum that right-wing futuristic blueprints increasingly moved, portraying Caesaristic leadership, interclass harmony, world power, and racial exclusivity to a rapidly expanding audience. By rejecting future gazing, as exemplified by their rebuff of Looking Backward, socialist leaders failed to wage an extended cultural campaign for hegemonic influence over sectors other than the working class. Their claim that they essentially had no ideals to realize and their adherence to the strategy of fatalistic waiting for the collapse of capitalism came at a high price, as their inaction in face of and even support of colonialism and World War I would reveal.
Electrically Tunable Nanoporous Carbon Hybrid Actuators
Authors: Shao Li‐Hua , Biener Juergen , Jin Hai‐Jun , Biener Monika M. , Baumann Theodore F. , Weissmüller Jörg 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA novel nanoporous carbon/electrolyte hybrid material is reported for use in actuation. The nanoporous carbon matrix provides a 3D network that combines mechanical strength, light weight, and low cost with an extremely high surface area. In contrast to lower dimensional nanomaterials, the nanoporous carbon matrix can be prepared in the form of macroscopic monolithic samples that can be loaded in compression. The hybrid material is formed by infiltrating the free internal pore volume of the carbon with an electrolyte. Actuation is prompted by polarizing the internal interfaces via an applied electric bias. It is found that the strain amplitude is proportional to the Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) mass specific surface area, with reversible volume strain amplitudes up to the exceptionally high value of 6.6%. The mass‐specific strain energy density compares favorably to reported values for piezoceramics and for nanoporous metal actuators.
Sirenomelia and caudal malformations in two families
Authors: Gerard Marion , Layet Valérie , Costa Teresa , Roumazeilles Yves , Chenal Pierre , Cailliez Daniel , Gerard Bénédicte 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe report on two families with co‐occurrence of sirenomelia and caudal malformations. In the first family, the mother had undergone surgery for a short form of imperforate anus. Her first pregnancy was terminated because of bilateral renal agenesis with oligohydramnios. Her second pregnancy was interrupted because of sirenomelia. The second family was referred to us because of caudal malformation in their two children. The parents' spinal radiographs were normal. The first pregnancy resulted in a girl with imperforate anus, absence of S3‐S5 and coccyx, abnormal pelvic floor, and an almost bifid anteriorly located bladder. The second pregnancy resulted in a baby girl with sirenomelia. No diabetes was present during the pregnancies in either of these two families. These families confirm the hypothesis that major genes are responsible for the embryogenesis of the caudal part of the embryo, with variable expression, as has been already described in sirenomelia mouse models (CYP26A1, BMP7/tsg). Molecular studies are underway in these families and in sporadic cases in our laboratory to explore the genetic basis of sirenomelia in humans. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Childhood socioeconomic status and adult brain size: Childhood socioeconomic status influences adult hippocampal size
Authors: Staff Roger T. , Murray Alison D. , Ahearn Trevor S. , Mustafa Nazahan , Fox Helen C. , Whalley Lawrence J. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjective:To investigate in older adults without dementia the relationships between socioeconomic status (SES) in childhood and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐derived brain volume measures typical of brain aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD).Methods:Using a cross‐sectional and longitudinal observation approach, we invited volunteers without dementia, all born in 1936, and who were participants in the 1947 Scottish Mental Survey, for MR brain imaging; 249 of 320 (77%) agreed. We measured whole brain and hippocampal volumes and recorded childhood SES history, the number of years of education undertaken, and adult SES history. Mental ability at age 11 years was recorded in 1947 and was also available.Results:Analysis shows a significant association between childhood SES and hippocampal volume after adjusting for mental ability at age 11 years, adult SES, gender, and education.Interpretation:A significant association between childhood SES and hippocampal volumes in late life is consistent with the established neurodevelopmental findings that early life conditions have an effect on structural brain development. This remains detectable more than 50 years later. ANN NEUROL 2012;
Polyesters with small structural variations improve the mechanical properties of polylactide
Authors: Odelius Karin , Ohlson Madelen , Höglund Anders , Albertsson Ann‐Christine 
Published: April 2012

AbstractImproving the properties of biodegradable polymeric materials is needed to obtain materials competitive with current bulk plastics. Low‐molecular weight polyesters with small differences in their backbone were synthesized using a straight‐forward method and were subsequently blended with polylactide (PLA). The materials showed an improved ductility of up to 100% points and otherwise retained material properties. The changes in mechanical properties were shown to match the miscibility range of the materials and can be predicted by the solubility parameters of the materials up to a polyester content of roughly 10% w/w. The thermal stability of all the low‐molecular weight polyesters was higher than that of PLA, and most 25% w/w blends showed a thermal degradation behavior similar to that of neat PLA. Low‐molecular weight polyesters were demonstrated as being potential enhancers of the properties of PLA, while the materials degradability was maintained. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Enhanced taxane production and secretion from Taxus baccata cell culture by adding dimethylsulfoxide
Authors: Kajani Abolghasem Abbasi , Moghim Sharareh , Mofid Mohammad Reza 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe ability of an aprotic solvent, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), to induce taxane synthesis and release from cell suspension culture of Taxus baccata was examined. The results showed that applying DMSO in optimal conditions not only led to enhancement in taxane excretion from the cells but also led to improvement in taxol synthesis. Maximum yields for taxol [3.34 mg/g dry cell weight (DCW)] were achieved by adding 5% DMSO to the culture at the late‐exponential phase of cell growth (day 14) and culturing for 21 days, which was 2.26‐fold of that for the control (1.48 mg/g DCW). However, adding 5% DMSO did not affect the yield of 10‐deacetyl baccatin III and baccatin III. This condition also resulted in maximum extracellular taxane (4.86 mg/L); this value was 2.82‐fold higher than that in the control (1.72 mg/L). We demonstrated that the late‐exponential phase of cell growth could be the best time to add elicitor for maximizing the yield of taxol. Adding DMSO at earlier times (days 1 and 7) or in other concentrations (1% and 3%) had negative effects on taxane synthesis. Overall results suggest that DMSO has good potential to enhance synthesis and release taxol from cell suspension culture of T. baccata L.
Flow injection chemiluminescence determination of 2‐methoxyestradiol based on inhibition of luminol‐potassium ferricyanide reaction
Authors: Jin Jianwen , Yao Hanchun , Chen Zheng , Pang Li , Du Bin 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTA novel flow‐injection chemiluminescence (FI‐CL) method is described for the determination of 2‐methoxyestradiol (2‐ME). The method is based on the inhibitory effect of 2‐ME on the CL reaction of luminol and potassium ferricyanide in alkaline solution. Under optimal conditions, net CL intensity was proportional to 2‐ME concentration in synthetic and mouse plasma samples. Corresponding linear regression equations were 8.0 x 10‐9‐1.0 x 10‐7g/mL for synthetic samples and 2.0 x 10‐9‐1.0 x 10‐7g/mL for plasma samples. Detection limit for synthetic samples and limits for quantification of plasma samples were 8.4 x 10‐10g/mL (3σ) for synthetic samples and 4.0 x 10‐9g/mL for mouse samples. A complete analysis was performed for 60 s, including washing and sampling, resulting in a throughput of ≈ 60/h. The proposed method was applied for the determination of 2‐ME in synthetic and mouse plasma samples. Percentage recoveries were 101.0‐102.8% and 98.0‐105.0%, respectively. A possible mechanism responsible for CL reaction is proposed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Resection margin involvement and tumour origin in pancreatic head cancer
Authors: Verbeke C S , Gladhaug I P 
Published: April 2012

Abstract

Background
Assessment of the origin of adenocarcinoma in pancreatoduodenectomy specimens (pancreatic, ampullary or biliary) and resection margin status is not performed in a consistent manner in different centres. The aim of this review was to identify the impact of such variations on patient outcome.

Methods
A systematic literature search for articles on pancreatic, ampullary, distal bile duct and periampullary cancer was performed, with special attention to data on resection margin status, pathological examination and outcome.

Results
The frequent reclassification of tumour origin following slide review, and the wide variation in published incidence of pancreatic (33–89 per cent), ampullary (5–42 per cent) and distal bile duct (5–38 per cent) cancers indicate that the histopathological distinction between the three cancer groups is less accurate than generally believed. Recent studies have shown that the wide range of rates of microscopic margin involvement (R1) in pancreatoduodenectomy specimens (18–85, 0–27 and 0–72 per cent respectively for pancreatic, ampullary and distal bile duct cancers) is mainly caused by differences in pathological assessment rather than surgical practice and patient selection. As a consequence of the existing inconsistency in reporting of these data items, the clinical significance of microscopic margin involvement in each of the three cancer groups remains unclear.

Conclusion
Inaccurate and inconsistent distinction between pancreatic, ampullary and distal bile duct cancer, combined with inaccuracies in resection margin assessment, results in obfuscation of key clinicopathological data. Specimen dissection technique plays a key role in the quality of the assessment of both tumour origin and margin status. Unless the pathological examination is meticulous and standardized, comparison of results between centres and observations in multicentre trials will remain of limited value.