bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Responses to procedural information about colorectal cancer screening using faecal occult blood testing: the role of consideration of future consequences
Authors: von Wagner Christian , Good Anna , Smith Samuel G. , Wardle Jane 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackground  Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening participation is low despite its effectiveness in reducing CRC mortality. Identifying benefits and barriers requires consideration of specific characteristics of screening modalities.Aims and Research Questions  To monitor the impact of providing information about CRC screening via faecal occult blood testing (FOBt) on intentions to participate. To investigate moderation by individual differences in consideration of future consequences (CFC).Design, setting and participants  A total of 211 healthy adults (aged 45–59) with no experience of CRC screening were presented with eight consecutive statements about FOBt‐based screening in a web survey. Participants completed measures of i) intention (after each statement), ii) CFC and iii) the importance of screening practicalities (e.g. unpleasantness of completing the test) and benefits (e.g. early detection of cancer).Results  An 8 (information) × 2 (CFC) mixed ancova showed that intentions varied across the eight statements. (P < 0.001): increasing after information about FOBt being completed at home (P < 0.001) before subsequently decreasing after information about the requirement to collect faecal samples (P < 0.001) in a plastic tub (P < 0.01) on three occasions (P < 0.01) with the low CFC group generally being less inclined to complete the test (P < 0.01). Two between‐group anovas demonstrated that the low CFC group attributed greater importance to practicalities of screening than the high CFC group while the opposite was found for the importance of benefits (both P’s < 0.001).Conclusion  Deconstructing FOBt‐based screening pointed to specific benefits and barriers which can advance research into public preferences of screening and educational materials.
Holoprosencephaly and ZIC2 microdeletions: novel clinical and epidemiological specificities delineated
Authors: Chabchoub E , Willekens D , Vermeesch JR , Fryns J‐P 
Published: April 2011

Chabchoub E, Willekens D, Vermeesch JR, Fryns J‐P. Holoprosencephaly and ZIC2 microdeletions: novel clinical and epidemiological specificities delineated.Holoprosencephaly (HPE), the most common malformation of the human brain results from abnormal cleavage of the forebrain during the early embryonic developmental stages. The spectrum of malformations in HPE is wide, ranging from the classical cyclopia/proboscis to fairly asymptomatic forms [i.e. a single maxillary central incisor (SMCI)]. HPE may be caused by environmental or genetic factors. ZIC2 (13q32) was the second gene identified in which mutations cause HPE and recently a specific phenotype was ascribed to ZIC2‐mutation HPE.Earlier, we reported a boy presenting HPE and deafness. Cytogenetic analyses were normal. Using array‐comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), we found a de novo 129 kb del(13)(q32) encompassing ZIC2 and ZIC5. There is no evidence for the involvement of ZIC5 in human diseases. We reviewed the literature for ZIC2‐ZIC5 deletions and their involvement in neural tube defects (NTDs).Interestingly, we found evidence for a specific facial phenotype for ZIC2 gene deletion patients distinct from those with point mutations. In addition, based on the clinical data together with pathology, imaging and functional studies, we suggest an outline for a model explaining the genetic heterogeneity of ZIC2‐ZIC5‐associated NTDs and propose further studies for validation.
Evaluation of a clinical scoring system and directed laboratory testing for respiratory virus infection in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients
Authors: Ferguson P.E. , Gilroy N.M. , Sloots T.P. , Nissen M.D. , Dwyer D.E. , Sorrell T.C. 
Published: April 2011

P.E. Ferguson, N.M. Gilroy, T.P. Sloots, M.D. Nissen, D.E. Dwyer, T.C. Sorrell. Evaluation of a clinical scoring system and directed laboratory testing for respiratory virus infection in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Transpl Infect Dis 2011: 13: 448–455. xx: 000–000. All rights reservedAbstract: A simple clinical screening (CS) tool for respiratory virus (RV) infection was introduced and evaluated in a single hematology ward, as part of a strategy to reduce nosocomial RV infection. Up to 6 clinical symptoms or signs were scored and a predefined threshold score of ≥2 prompted paired nose/throat swab (NTS) collection for RV testing. The criterion standard for RV infection was positive immunofluorescence (IF) or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for 7 and 15 viruses, respectively. The tool was shown to be most beneficial at excluding infection at a threshold score of 1 (negative predictive value [NPV] 89%, [95% confidence interval 78–96%], sensitivity 85% [70–94%], specificity 35% [27–43%]), compared with a score of 2 (NPV 85% [76–91%], sensitivity 63% [46–77%], specificity 57% [48–65%]) at a prevalence of 22%. The tool's ability to diagnose infection was limited (positive predictive value 27% and 29% at thresholds 1 and 2). The sensitivity of IF compared with PCR was 45% for the 7 viruses common to both, and 23% for the extended virus panel detected by PCR. An algorithm incorporating CS, paired NTS collection at a threshold of 1 symptom or sign, and sensitive testing including PCR can guide infection control measures in hospitalized hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.
Noninvasive electrical impedance analysis to measure human urinary bladder volume
Authors: Liao Wen‐Chien , Jaw Fu‐Shan 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAim:  To assess urinary bladder volume in a noninvasive manner using a portable and modified device that measures electrical impedance.Methods:  A novel method was attempted to measure electrical impedance and indirect bladder volume, and these data were used to calculate the actual bladder volume.Results:  An increase of 0.01 V in the abdominal voltage was observed with every 50 mL increase in the amount of physiological saline infused into the bladder.Conclusions:  It is a simple procedure and can be used by technical staff or the patients themselves to obtain continuous, real‐time urinary bladder volume data.
Retroperitoneal Castleman's disease presenting with hydronephrosis indistinguishable from lymphoma
Authors: Kim Young Sun , Jung Min Hyung 
Published: April 2011

AbstractCastleman's disease is a rare benign lymphoproliferative disease. We describe a patient with an unusual case of retroperitoneal Castleman's disease who initially presented with hydronephrosis. Her disease manifested with a malignant appearance in positron emission tomography/computed tomography and was located in the common and internal iliac area. Retrograde double‐J stent insertion failed and nephrostomy was then performed. Complete surgical removal of the disease failed because the disease was severely adherent to the ureter and adjacent iliac vessels. Antegrade double‐J stent insertion also failed. The patient eventually underwent laparoscopic ureteroneocystostomy. Retroperitoneal Castleman's disease should be added to the extensive list of differential diagnoses for primary retroperitoneal tumors.
A case of spontaneous rupture of a uterine superficial varicose vein in midgestation
Authors: Nakaya Yoshio , Itoh Hiroaki , Muramatsu Keiko , Otome Masako , Kobayashi Yukiko , Hirai Kyuya , Uchida Toshiyuki , Suzuki Kazunao , Sugihara Kazuhiro , Kanayama Naohiro 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA 25‐year‐old gravida two, nulliparous pregnant woman complained of a sudden onset of severe pain in the right lateral abdominal area and went to hospital at 28 weeks and 5 days' gestation. Since cyclic uterine contractions were observed, a diagnosis of preterm labor was made and tocolysis was carried out by the continuous venous infusion of ritodorine. She was transferred to Hamamatsu University Hospital and an emergency cesarean section was carried out due to non‐reassuring fetal status. A hemoperitoneum of 850 mL was observed in the peritoneal cavity and an immature male baby weighing 1140 g was born. There was bleeding from a ruptured superficial varicose vein in the right lateral portion of the uterus, which was stopped by compression and the attachment of oxidized cellulose cotton. The clinical management and differential diagnosis were discussed.
Comparisons of urodynamic effects, therapeutic efficacy and safety of solifenacin versus tolterodine for female overactive bladder syndrome
Authors: Hsiao Sheng‐Mou , Chang Ting‐Chen , Wu Wen‐Yih , Chen Chi‐Hau , Yu Hung‐Jeng , Lin Ho‐Hsiung 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAim:  To evaluate the urodynamic effects, therapeutic efficacy and safety of solifenacin versus tolterodine treatment for women with overactive bladder syndrome.Methods:  Patients were randomized to receive either solifenacin 5 mg or tolterodine ER 4 mg once a day for 12 weeks at each four‐week visit in a post‐marketing study. Only women (solifenacin [n = 26] vs. tolterodine [n = 22]) were included in this subgroup analysis. Adverse events and changes of urodynamic values and clinical data were compared between the solifenacin and tolterodine groups.Results:  The volume voided per micturition increased in the solifenacin group (n = 21) (P = 0.04). The strong desire to void and pad‐test result improved in the tolterodine group (n = 21; P = 0.02 and 0.03, respectively). There were no between‐group differences in changes of any urodynamic data, voiding diary values or adverse events after treatment; however, changes of heart rate differed between the two groups (P = 0.0004), especially at visit 2 (solifenacin vs. tolterodine, −4.3 vs. 3.8, P = 0.02) and visit 3 (−3.2 vs. 4.8, P = 0.03).Conclusions:  Both solifenacin and tolterodine had similar urodynamic effects, therapeutic efficacy and adverse events in treating women with overactive bladder syndrome; however, tolterodine had a greater effect in increasing heart rate than solifenacin.
Fourteen‐year‐old girl with recurrent luteal‐phase‐dependent episodes of high fever
Authors: Yamasaki Hideki , Oki Toshimichi , Iwamoto Ichiro , Douchi Tsutomu 
Published: April 2011

AbstractRecurrent episodes of high fever during the luteal phase are exceedingly rare. A 14‐year‐old girl with a 1‐year history of recurrent febrile episodes associated with the menstrual cycle was referred to our department. Febrile episode (39–41°C) occurred for 10 to 12 days concomitantly with the luteal phase of each ovulatory cycle. To suppress the ovulatory cycle, gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist was administered for 5 months, and then febrile attack disappeared (34.5–36.2°C). Before and during gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist therapy, serum levels of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]‐1β, IL‐2, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, and tumor necrosis factor‐α) were unchanged and all of these were within the normal ranges. In our case, luteal‐phase‐dependent febrile episodes may not be attributable to the intervention of inflammatory cytokines as major fever mediators.
Rare case of live birth in a ruptured rudimentary horn pregnancy
Authors: Kawthalkar Anjali S. , Gawande Madhuri S. , Jain Sheela H. , Joshi Sulabha A. , Ghike Sunita D. , Bhalerao Anuja V. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractPregnancy in the rudimentary horn is a very rare condition. In these cases, rupture of the rudimentary horn in the second trimester with fetal death and catastrophic intraperitoneal hemorrhage is the commonly reported outcome. Silent rupture of the rudimentary horn and continuation of pregnancy as a secondary abdominal pregnancy is the most unusual outcome of this rare condition. We report such a case with a good maternal and neonatal outcome. The case is being reported for its rarity.
Evidence for a role of dystroglycan regulating the membrane architecture of astroglial endfeet
Authors: Noell Susan , Wolburg‐Buchholz Karen , Mack Andreas F. , Beedle Aaron M. , Satz Jakob S. , Campbell Kevin P. , Wolburg Hartwig , Fallier‐Becker Petra 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe dystrophin–dystroglycan complex (DDC) is a molecular array of proteins in muscle and brain cells. The central component of the DDC is dystroglycan, which comprises α‐ and β‐subunits. α‐Dystroglycan (α‐DG) binds to extracellular matrix components such as agrin, whereas β‐dystroglycan (β‐DG) is a membrane‐spanning protein linking α‐DG to the cytoskeleton and other intracellular components such as α‐syntrophin. In astrocytes, α‐syntrophin binds to the water channel protein aquaporin‐4 (AQP4). Recently, it has been shown that AQP4 expression is unaltered in agrin‐knockout mice, but that formation of orthogonal arrays of particles (OAPs), consisting of AQP4, is abnormal. As the brain‐selective deletion of the DG gene causes a disorganization of the astroglial endfeet, we investigated whether DG deletion has an impact on AQP4. Western blotting revealed reduced AQP4 in the parenchymal but not in the superficial compartment of the astrocyte‐conditioned DG‐knockout mouse brain. Accordingly, immunohistochemical stainings of AQP4 revealed a selective loss of AQP4 in perivascular but not in superficial astroglial endfeet. In both superficial and perivascular endfeet of the DG‐knockout brain, we observed a loss of OAPs. We conclude that in the absence of DG the majority of superficial AQP4 molecules did not form OAPs, and that expression of AQP4 in perivascular endfeet is compromised. However, the decreased number of perivascular AQP4 molecules obviously did form a few OAPs, even in the absence of DG.
A review of orbital and intracranial magnetic resonance imaging in 79 canine and 13 feline patients (2004–2010)
Authors: Armour Micki D. , Broome Michael , Dell’Anna Giuseppe , Blades Natalie J. , Esson Douglas W. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjective To review the distribution of orbital and intracranial disease in canine and feline patients undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) following referral to a veterinary ophthalmologist and to correlate results of MRI with pathologic conditions including neoplasia, suspected optic neuritis (ON) and orbital cellulitis. Recognized and emerging imaging techniques are reviewed.Procedure Medical records of 79 canine and 13 feline patients were reviewed.Results Neoplasia was diagnosed in 53/92 (57.6%) of patients. The most prevalent types of neoplasia were carcinoma (16/53, 30.1%), sarcoma (11/53, 20.8%), lymphoma (8/53, 15.1%) and presumptive meningioma (9/53, 17.0%). Carcinomas and sarcomas were characterized by bony lysis and intracranial/sinonasal extension. Lymphoma was generally unilateral, less invasive and originated from the ventromedial orbit. Intracranial masses representing presumptive meningiomas frequently exhibited a ‘dural tail’ sign. Diagnosis of suspected ON was made in 13 of 92 (14.1%) patients. Results of MRI in patients with suspected ON included unilateral optic nerve hyperintensity (3/13, 23.0%), bilateral optic nerve hyperintensity (1/13, 7.7%) and optic chiasmal hyperintensity (3/13, 23.0%). Seven suspected ON patients demonstrated intracranial multifocal patchy contrast enhancement (7/13, 53.8%). Diagnosis of orbital cellulitis was made in 12/92 (13.0%) patients.Conclusions Orbital neoplasia was the most common pathologic condition detected. Essential Roentgen characteristics are helpful when diagnosing pathologic processes and providing prognoses in cases of orbital or intracranial disease. Magnetic resonance imaging comprises an important diagnostic component in cases of suspected ON. Emerging contrast and functional MRI techniques as well as SI data may increase our ability to characterize disease processes.
A slowly progressive retinopathy in the Shetland Sheepdog
Authors: Karlstam Lena , Hertil Eva , Zeiss Caroline , Ropstad Ernst Otto , Bjerkås Ellen , Dubielzig Richard R. , Ekesten Björn 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjective  To describe a slowly progressive retinopathy (SPR) in Shetland Sheepdogs.Animals  Forty adult Shetlands Sheepdogs with ophthalmoscopic signs of SPR and six normal Shetland Sheepdogs were included in the study.Procedure  Ophthalmic examination including slit‐lamp biomicroscopy and ophthalmoscopy was performed in all dogs. Electroretinograms and obstacle course‐test were performed in 13 affected and 6 normal dogs. The SPR dogs were subdivided into two groups according to their dark‐adapted b‐wave amplitudes. SPR1‐dogs had ophthalmoscopic signs of SPR, but normal dark‐adapted b‐wave amplitudes. Dogs with both ophthalmoscopic signs and subnormal, dark‐adapted b‐wave amplitudes were assigned to group SPR2. Eyes from two SPR2 dogs were obtained for microscopic examination.Results  The ophthalmoscopic changes included bilateral, symmetrical, greyish discoloration in the peripheral tapetal fundus with normal or marginally attenuated vessels. Repeated examination showed that the ophthalmoscopic changes slowly spread across the central parts of the tapetal fundus, but did not progress to obvious neuroretinal thinning presenting as tapetal hyper‐reflectivity. The dogs did not appear seriously visually impaired. SPR2 showed significantly reduced b‐wave amplitudes throughout dark‐adaptation. Microscopy showed thinning of the outer nuclear layer and abnormal appearance of rod and cone outer segments. Testing for the progressive rod–cone degeneration ( prcd )‐mutation in three dogs with SPR was negative.Conclusion  Slowly progressive retinopathy is a generalized rod–cone degeneration that on ophthalmoscopy looks similar to early stages of progressive retinal atrophy. The ophthalmoscopic findings are slowly progressive without tapetal hyper‐reflectivity. Visual impairment is not obvious and the electroretinogram is more subtly altered than in progressive retinal atrophy. The etiology remains unclear. SPR is not caused by the prcd‐mutation.
Neuromuscular blockade with rocuronium bromide for ophthalmic surgery in horses
Authors: Auer Ulrike , Moens Yves 
Published: April 2011

AbstractPurpose  The production of a central eye to ease surgical access for intraocular surgery is generally dependent on the depth of anesthesia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the eyeball position under muscle relaxation with rocuronium during general anesthesia.Material and methods  Twenty horses, body weight 480 ± 62 kg; age 12.6 ± 6.2 years (mean ± SD) were anesthetised for various ophthalmic surgeries. Horses were premedicated with acepromazine, xylazine, and butorphanol intravenously and anesthesia induced with ketamine and diazepam. Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane in 100% oxygen and 0.6 mL/kg/h of an infusion containing midazolam, ketamine, and xylazine diluted in 500 mL 0.9% NaCl. Horses were mechanically ventilated. Neuromuscular function was assessed with an acceleromyograph (TOF‐Guard®) and the N. peroneus superficialis was stimulated every 15 s with a train‐of‐four stimulation pattern. A dose of 0.3 mg/kg rocuronium was administered intravenously. The changes in the eyeball position were recorded.Results  The dose of 0.3 mg/kg rocuronium produced a 100% neuromuscular block in all horses. Onset time and clinical duration of block was 2.38 ± 2.02 min (range 0.5–8) and 32 ± 18.6 min (range 7.7–76.2), respectively. The globe rotated to central position within 31 ± 2.8 s. The whole iris was visible after 42 ± 7.7 s in all horses. No additional bolus of rocuronium was necessary for any surgery.Conclusion  Neuromuscular blockade with rocuronium bromide can be used safely to facilitate ophthalmic surgery in equines.
In vivo measurement of central corneal thickness in normal chicks (Gallus gallus domesticus) with the optical low‐coherence reflectometer
Authors: Tappeiner Christoph , Goldblum David , Katsoulis Konstantinos , Sarra Gian‐Marco , Frueh Beatrice E. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjective  To determine the practicability and accuracy of central corneal thickness (CCT) measurements in living chicks utilizing a noncontact, high‐speed optical low‐coherence reflectometer (OLCR) mounted on a slit lamp.Animals studied  Twelve male chicks (Gallus gallus domesticus).Procedures  Measurements of CCT were obtained in triplicate in 24 eyes of twelve 1‐day‐old anaesthetized chicks using OLCR. Every single measurement taken by OLCR consisted of the average result of 20 scans obtained within seconds. Additionally, corneal thickness was determined histologically after immersion fixation in Karnovsky’s solution alone (20 eyes) or with a previous injection of the fixative into the anterior chamber before enucleation (4 eyes).Results  Central corneal thickness measurements using OLCR in 1‐day‐old living chicks provide a rapid and feasible examination technique. Mean CCT measured with OLCR (189.7 ± 3.34 μm) was significantly lower than histological measurements (242.1 ± 47.27 μm) in eyes with fixation in Karnovsky’s solution (P = 0.0005). In eyes with additional injection of Karnovsky’s fixative into the anterior chamber, mean histologically determined CCT was 195.2 ± 8.25 μm vs. 191.9 ± 8.90 μm with OLCR. A trend for a lower variance was found compared to the eyes that had only been immersion fixed.Conclusion  Optical low‐coherence reflectometry is an accurate examination technique to measure in vivo CCT in the eye of newborn chicks. The knowledge of the thickness of the chick cornea and the ability to obtain noninvasive, noncontact measurements of CCT in the living animal may be of interest for research and development of eye diseases in chick models.
Measurements of canine aqueous humor inflammatory mediators and the effect of carprofen following anterior chamber paracentesis
Authors: Pinard Chantale L. , Gauvin Dominique , Moreau Maxim , Martel‐Pelletier Johanne , Pelletier Jean‐Pierre , Troncy Eric 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjectives Phase I:To evaluate levels of prostaglandin E2(PGE2), nitrites and nitrates (NOx), tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) and expression of inducible cyclo‐oxygenase (COX‐2), nitric oxide synthase (NOS‐2), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP‐3 and ‐9) in canine aqueous humor following repeated anterior chamber paracenteses (ACP).Phase II:to evaluate the effect of carprofen on PGE2, NOx, and TNF‐α in canine aqueous humor following ACP.Animals studied Four beagles in phase I and 8 beagles in phase II.Procedures Phase I:ACP was performed at time (T) 0, 4 and 8 h.Phase II:A randomized, placebo‐controlled cross‐over design with four dogs per group where carprofen was given 4.4 mg/kg/day on day (D) 1, 2 and 3. ACP was performed at T0 and T1.5 on D3. Statistical analysis was performed with repeated measuresanovaandpost hocTukey‐Kramer multiple‐comparison procedure. In phase II, TNF‐α level was analyzed with a Wilcoxon signed‐rank test.Results Phase I: PGE2significantly increased (P < 0.0001) to plateau at T4. NOXwas decreased at T4 (P < 0.06), but increased at T8 (P < 0.0001). COX‐2 showed detectable expression only at T8. TNF‐α, NOS‐2, MMP‐3 and ‐9 were undetectable at all time points.Phase II: At T1.5, PGE2was significantly elevated in both groups but was lower in the carprofen group (P = 0.037). NOxand TNF‐α did not statistically increase in either group.Conclusions Following ACP, significant increases in PGE2levels confirmed inflammation characterized by a rise of COX‐2. The NOxpathway took longer to induce as compared with PGE2. Carprofen decreased PGE2levels and could help control intraocular inflammation.