bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomechanics of Insect Flight Stability and Perturbation Response
Authors: Hedrick Tyson L , Blandford Emily , Taha Haithem E 
Published: June 2024

Synopsis
Insects must fly in highly variable natural environments filled with gusts, vortices, and other transient aerodynamic phenomena that challenge flight stability. Furthermore, the aerodynamic forces that support insect flight are produced from rapidly oscillating wings of time-varying orientation and configuration. The instantaneous flight forces produced by these wings are large relative to the average forces supporting body weight. The magnitude of these forces and their time-varying direction add another challenge to flight stability, because even proportionally small asymmetries in timing or magnitude between the left and right wings may be sufficient to produce large changes in body orientation. However, these same large-magnitude oscillating forces also offer an opportunity for unexpected flight stability through nonlinear interactions between body orientation, body oscillation in response to time-varying inertial and aerodynamic forces, and the oscillating wings themselves. Understanding the emergent stability properties of flying insects is a crucial step toward understanding the requirements for evolution of flapping flight and decoding the role of sensory feedback in flight control. Here, we provide a brief review of insect flight stability, with some emphasis on stability effects brought about by oscillating wings, and present some preliminary experimental data probing some aspects of flight stability in free-flying insects.
Amphibian Segmentation Clock Models Suggest How Large Genome and Cell Sizes Slow Developmental Rate
Authors: Taylor A , Prasad A , Mueller R Lockridge 
Published: June 2024

Synopsis
Evolutionary increases in genome size, cell volume, and nuclear volume have been observed across the tree of life, with positive correlations documented between all three traits. Developmental tempo slows as genomes, nuclei, and cells increase in size, yet the driving mechanisms are poorly understood. To bridge this gap, we use a mathematical model of the somitogenesis clock to link slowed developmental tempo with changes in intra-cellular gene expression kinetics induced by increasing genome size and nuclear volume. We adapt a well-known somitogenesis clock model to two model amphibian species that vary 10-fold in genome size: Xenopus laevis (3.1 Gb) and Ambystoma mexicanum (32 Gb). Based on simulations and backed by analytical derivations, we identify parameter changes originating from increased genome and nuclear size that slow gene expression kinetics. We simulate biological scenarios for which these parameter changes mathematically recapitulate slowed gene expression in A. mexicanum relative to X. laevis, and we consider scenarios for which additional alterations in gene product stability and chromatin packing are necessary. Results suggest that slowed degradation rates as well as changes induced by increasing nuclear volume and intron length, which remain relatively unexplored, are significant drivers of slowed developmental tempo.
Island biogeography theory provides a plausible explanation for why larger vertebrates and taller humans have more diverse gut microbiomes
Authors: Ramos Sarmiento Katherine , Carr Alex , Diener Christian , Locey Kenneth J , Gibbons Sean M 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPrior work has shown a positive scaling relationship between vertebrate body size, human height, and gut microbiome alpha diversity. This observation mirrors commonly observed species area relationships (SARs) in many other ecosystems. Here, we expand these observations to several large datasets, showing that this size–diversity scaling relationship is independent of relevant covariates, like diet, body mass index, age, sex, bowel movement frequency, antibiotic usage, and cardiometabolic health markers. Island biogeography theory (IBT), which predicts that larger islands tend to harbor greater species diversity through neutral demographic processes, provides a simple mechanism for positive SARs. Using a gut-adapted IBT model, we demonstrated that increasing the length of a flow-through ecosystem led to increased species diversity, closely matching our empirical observations. We delve into the possible clinical implications of these SARs in the American Gut cohort. Consistent with prior observations that lower alpha diversity is a risk factor for Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), we found that individuals who reported a history of CDI were shorter than those who did not and that this relationship was mediated by alpha diversity. We observed that vegetable consumption had a much stronger association with CDI history, which was also partially mediated by alpha diversity. In summary, we find that the positive scaling observed between body size and gut alpha diversity can be plausibly explained by a gut-adapted IBT model, may be related to CDI risk, and vegetable intake appears to independently mitigate this risk, although additional work is needed to validate the potential disease risk implications.
What is the Case Volume of Orthopaedic Trauma Surgeons in the Military Health System? An Assessment of Wartime Readiness and Skills Sustainment
Authors: Overmann Archie L , Harrington Colin J , Richards John T , Colantonio Donald T , Renninger Christopher H , Stinner Daniel J , Forsberg Jonathan A 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Complex, high-energy extremity trauma secondary to explosive mechanisms has been increasingly common in modern warfare, accounting for a majority of combat wounds throughout the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. Fellowship-trained orthopaedic trauma surgeons treated many of these complex injuries; however, as the number of casualties continue to decrease during a period of relative peace, a growing concern over maintaining military trauma readiness exists.

Methods
The Military Health System Data Repository was queried for all Common Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes associated with 18 fellowship-trained orthopaedic trauma surgeons from 2013 to 2019. The codes were further analyzed and categorized based on common trauma subspecialty procedures such as fracture fixation of the pelvic ring, acetabulum, upper and lower extremity, peri-articular, and nonunion/malunion surgery. We used descriptive statistics to quantify both the average number of cases per surgeon per year in each of the subcategories and case volume among Military Treatment Facilities (MTFs) during the study period.

Results
We identified 7,769 CPT codes for surgical procedures throughout the study period. The most common surgical procedures performed were: removal of implant (n = 836, 11%), knee arthroscopy (n = 507, 7%), and debridement of devitalized tissue (n = 345, 4%). The total trauma subspecialty procedural codes and average cases per surgeon per year were as follows: pelvic ring (n = 54, &lt;1 case/year), acetabulum (n = 90, 1 case/year), upper extremity (n = 1,314, 15 cases/year), lower extremity (n = 2,286, 25 cases/year), peri-articular (n = 675, 8 cases/year), and nonunion/malunion (n = 288, 3 cases/year). San Antonio Military Medical Center (SAMMC) accounted for the most fracture-related CPT codes overall (35%), while all other MTFs contributed approximately 10% or less of all fracture-related codes.

Conclusions
These results highlight the lack of orthopaedic trauma volume at other MTFs outside of SAMMC, raising concern for maintaining military readiness during an inter-war period of relative peace. The DoD continues to make concerted efforts to maintain readiness through civilian partnerships and subsequently increase surgical case volume for military trauma surgeons. Future efforts should include an in-depth analysis of caseloads of military trauma surgeons providing care at both MTFs and civilian institutions to optimize preparedness in future conflicts.
An optical gamma-ray burst catalogue with measured redshift – I. Data release of 535 gamma-ray bursts and colour evolution
Authors: Dainotti M G , De Simone B , Mohideen Malik R F , Pasumarti V , Levine D , Saha N , Gendre B , Kido D , Watson A M , Becerra R L , Belkin S , Desai S , do E. S. Pedreira A C C , Das U , Li L , Oates S R , Cenko S B , Pozanenko A , Volnova A , Hu Y -D , Castro-Tirado A J , Orange N B , Moriya T J , Fraija N , Niino Y , Rinaldi E , Butler N R , González J d J G , Kutyrev A S , Lee W H , Prochaska X , Ramirez-Ruiz E , Richer M , Siegel M H , Misra K , Rossi A , Lopresti C , Quadri U , Strabla L , Ruocco N , Leonini S , Conti M , Rosi P , Ramirez L M T , Zola S , Jindal I , Kumar R , Chan L , Fuentes M , Lambiase G , Kalinowski K K , Jamal W 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
We present the largest optical photometry compilation of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) with redshifts (z). We include 64813 observations of 535 events (including upper limits) from 28 February 1997 to 18 August 2023. We also present a user-friendly web tool grbLC which allows users to visualize photometry, coordinates, redshift, host galaxy extinction, and spectral indices for each event in our database. Furthermore, we have added a Gamma-ray Coordinate Network (GCN) scraper that can be used to collect data by gathering magnitudes from the GCNs. The web tool also includes a package for uniformly investigating colour evolution. We compute the optical spectral indices for 138 GRBs, for which we have at least four filters at the same epoch in our sample, and craft a procedure to distinguish between GRBs with and without colour evolution. By providing a uniform format and repository for the optical catalogue, this web-based archive is the first step towards unifying several community efforts to gather the photometric information for all GRBs with known redshifts. This catalogue will enable population studies by providing light curves (LCs) with better coverage since we have gathered data from different ground-based locations. Consequently, these LCs can be used to train future LC reconstructions for an extended inference of the redshift. The data gathering also allows us to fill some of the orbital gaps from Swift in crucial points of the LCs, e.g. at the end of the plateau emission or where a jet break is identified.
A chemical perspective on the chiral induced spin selectivity effect
Authors: Bloom Brian P , Chen Zhongwei , Lu Haipeng , Waldeck David H 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
This review discusses opportunities in chemistry that are enabled by the chiral induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect. First, the review begins with a brief overview of the seminal studies on CISS. Next, we discuss different chiral material systems whose properties can be tailored through chemical means, with a special emphasis on hybrid organic-inorganic layered materials that exhibit some of the largest spin filtering properties to date. Then, we discuss the promise of CISS for chemical reactions and enantioseparation before concluding.
One Year of Long-Acting Cabotegravir and Rilpivirine in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Long Exposure to Antiretroviral Therapy: Data From the SCohoLART Study
Authors: Muccini Camilla , Gianotti Nicola , Diotallevi Sara , Lolatto Riccardo , Spagnuolo Vincenzo , Canetti Diana , Bagaglio Sabrina , Perez Victoria Gordo , Clemente Tommaso , Bottanelli Martina , Candela Caterina , Nozza Silvia , Castagna Antonella 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
The aim of the study was to evaluate the 12-month cumulative probability of treatment discontinuation (TD) in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PWH) and a long exposure to antiretroviral therapy (ART) switching to long-acting cabotegravir and rilpivirine (CAB/RPV).

Methods
SCohoLART is a single-center, prospective, cohort study designed to collect both samples and clinical data from PWH with virological suppression who switched to bimonthly long-acting CAB/RPV. TD occurred at switch to another regimen for any reason including virological failure (VF); VF was defined as HIV RNA levels ≥50 copies/mL at 2 consecutive measurements or a single HIV RNA level ≥1000 copies/mL. Results were reported as median (interquartile range [IQR]) or frequency (percentage). Cumulative probabilities of TD were estimated using Kaplan-Meier curves.

Results
We evaluated 514 participants; 467 (90.9%) were male, and their median age (IQR) was 49 (40–56) years. At the time of switching, the median time from HIV diagnosis and the median duration of ART were 14.0 (IQR, 8.8–20.5) and 11.4 (7.9–17.4) years, respectively; before starting CAB/RPV, the median number of antiretroviral regimens was 3 (2–4). During a median study follow-up (IQR) of 13.1 (9.1–15.5) months, 52 PWH (10.1%) experienced TD, including 4 (0.8%) for VF. The 12-month cumulative probability of TD was 11% (95% confidence interval, 8%–14%). The main cause of TD was injection site reaction (15 participants [28.8%]).

Conclusions
The 1-year cumulative probability of TD with long-acting CAB/RPV was quite low in this cohort of people with a median exposure to ART of 10 years, in whom injection site reaction was the leading cause of TD. VFs were rare during study follow-up.
New Insights Into the Therapeutic Management of Varicella Zoster Virus Meningitis: A Series of 123 Polymerase Chain Reaction–Confirmed Cases
Authors: Dulin Marie , Chevret Sylvie , Salmona Maud , Jacquier Hervé , Bercot Béatrice , Molina Jean-Michel , Lebeaux David , Munier Anne-Lise 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Varicella zoster virus (VZV) can reactivate and cause meningitis, but few studies have distinguished it from meningoencephalitis regarding treatment recommendations.
The objective of this study was to assess the outcomes of a large series of patients with VZV meningitis according to their therapeutic management.

Methods
We conducted a bicentric retrospective cohort study, in Paris, France, including all adult patients with a cerebrospinal fluid sample positive for VZV by polymerase chain reaction between April 2014 and June 2022. We distinguished meningitis from encephalitis according to the International Encephalitis Consortium criteria. Unfavorable outcome was defined as mortality or functional sequelae defined by a loss of 2 points on the modified Rankin Scale.

Results
We included 123 patients with meningitis. Among them, 14% received no antivirals, while 20% were treated with oral valacyclovir alone, 41% with a short course of intravenous (IV) acyclovir before switch to valacyclovir, and 25% with a long course of IV acyclovir. Outcomes were favorable regardless of antiviral regimen. In multivariate analysis, only age, underlying immunosuppression, and cranial radiculitis appear to be predictive factors for longer IV therapy, based on the Akaike information criterion.

Conclusions
In this study, patients with VZV meningitis had a good outcome, with no evidence of any impact of the treatment strategy. However, further studies are needed to support the possibility of milder treatment in immunocompetent patients, avoiding cost and side effects of IV acyclovir.
James and the Historical Jesus
Authors: Niebuhr Karl-Wilhelm 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This essay examines various dimensions of the relationship between the Letter of James and the Historical Jesus, including the common background of James the Just and Jesus in Galilee as well as the significance of the issue for understanding the early Jesus movement and the development of the Catholic Epistles as a unit within the New Testament canon. Rather than commence with a reconstruction of what we know about the family of Jesus and of the personal biographies of Jesus and his brother James as members of a pious Jewish family from Galilee at the beginning of the Christian era, this essay takes the Epistle of James as the starting point. It first extracts from the letter any hints about the relationship between James and Jesus in historical terms. Next is an inquiry into the role of James in the earliest “Christian” Jesus movement originating immediately after the events of the crucifixion. The third part of the investigation highlights the family background of James and Jesus in Galilee and whether there is some common religious or cultural imprint on both figures. The final section returns to the letter as part of the New Testament canon. It belongs to the collection of the Catholic Epistles that forms one of the units of collections in the manuscript tradition of the Bible. This bears particular weight in any approach to the New Testament writings that is interested in the theological meaning of the Christian Bible and its constituent parts.
1 Peter
Authors: Watson Duane F. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This essay surveys critical issues in the current study of 1 Peter, including its authorship, date of composition, place of writing, ethnic background and social status of its recipients, occasion and purpose of its writing, use of tradition and Scripture, and theology. It was written by either the Apostle Peter or a pseudonymous author, the date of composition being either the mid-60s if the former, or later if the latter. It was written in Rome, and the recipients are Jewish or Gentile, resident foreigners of the diaspora (either literally or metaphorically in the eyes of God; 1 Pet 1:1). The letter describes either verbal or physical, unofficial or official persecution, and may be advising accommodation and/or creating an alternative worldview to cope with the persecution. Intertextual connections with the Pauline Epistles, including Romans, Ephesians, Galatians, and 2 Corinthians, can be detected. Early Christian tradition formulated in exhortation, kerygmatic formulas, hymns and creeds, liturgies, and catechetical instruction is also incorporated in the letter. The theology and ethics of the letter are integral to the author’s suggested response to the situation. In particular, the presentation of Jesus Christ as a model of suffering and the wider perspective offered by the purposes of God are central to his theological and hortatory program.
The Johannine Letters
Authors: Wright William M. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This essay surveys the deeply interconnected critical issues in the interpretation of the Johannine letters. First is the setting within New Testament Christianity within which the Gospel and Letters of John emerged. Different categories have been proposed for articulating this originary matrix. The notion of a Johannine school in particular provides a historically located (and long-standing) model for explaining the similarities and differences between these compositions. Attention is then given to compositional topics, such as these letters’ authorship, literary genre, and internal structure. On these matters, the differences between 2–3 John and 1 John come into sharp relief, underscoring the complex interrelationship within these three letters. The next set of issues pertain to the relationship of the Letters of John to the Gospel of John. While there are genuine points of theological and literary convergence between these compositions, the Letters of John also exhibit certain distinctive elements that set them apart from the Gospel. Finally, the essay considers what the Johannine letters suggest about their compositional settings, the purposes for which they were written, and the contested issue of using these letters to reconstruct a history of the Johannine school (and the legitimacy of such a reconstruction effort).
The Reception History of the Johannine Epistles
Authors: Myers Alicia D. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This essay explores the history of reception of the Johannine epistles beginning with a brief overview of their protracted canonization process before moving to explore key themes that have garnered attention from theologians and interpreters throughout Christian history. Due to its length, 1 John necessarily dominates the reception history, though this essay also notes places where 2 and 3 John also emerge. The themes interpreters have focused on regularly contrast with how similar themes and images are described in the Gospel of John, thereby showing 1–3 John’s connection to and distinction from the Fourth Gospel. The key ideas explored in this essay include: (1) the problem of sin and related questions concerning Jesus’s atoning death and continued role as an advocate for believers; (2) contributions to christological and Trinitarian debates, especially with language of “antichrists” in 1 and 2 John, and the controversy surrounding the so-called “Johannine comma” of 1 John 5:7–8; and (3) the focus on love found in these writings both as a description for God (1 John 4:17–18) and as a commandment for believers toward one another. This last theme has been particularly significant for recent interpreters who find divine love foundational for liberative understandings of Christianity. Although frequently overlooked by readers of the New Testament, 1–3 John have played an integral role in theological conversations and development of Christian orthodoxy and ethics for millennia.
Adorno’s Politics Revisited
Authors: Freyenhagen Fabian 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Ever since the West German student movement came into conflict with T. W. Adorno in the 1960s, the question of whether his theory and praxis were in some sort of problematic relationship has not gone away. In this chapter, the author partially defends Adorno’s views on theory and (political) praxis, focusing particularly on the 1960s. It is a defense because the author will suggest that, in significant respects, Adorno’s theory and practice were not in contradiction with each other but cohered well. Moreover, the author will suggest that we can learn from his stance how to think about and engage in politics—specifically from his contextualism and his emphasis on immersion in a local context. It is, however, merely a partial defense. The author identifies some tensions between Adorno’s theory and practical stance that have gone unnoticed so far, contrasting his stance to that of Marcuse, notably in relation to paying sufficient attention to interrelations between local contexts and the lack of an account of a global subject of change.
The Typology of Archaeological Labrets from Kamchatka
Authors: Ptashinsky Andrei V. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter presents archaeological evidence concerning stone labrets that have been recovered on the eastern coast and the southern end of the Kamchatka Peninsula in northeastern Siberia. These ornaments, which are worn in the perioral area of the face, are characteristic of the Tarja archaeological culture (1st millennium bce). Similar large-sized ornaments that are worn in the ears and the nose (nose and ear spools) have not yet been discovered in Kamchatka. A total of 139 labrets (undamaged and damaged) are taken into account in this study and 31 of them are presented in detail. Their number allows a systematic classification of the shapes of the labrets. Three main types are identified and discussed. Available literature posits labrets as the expression of individual identity, gender, age, ethnicity, corresponding to the aesthetic views of the people of that time. The typology of the labrets from Kamchatka may be useful for comparing and analyzing similar ornaments from other regions, particularly on the American continent where similar types can be found.