bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reactions with 4‐Hydroxy‐2‐methylbutananilides: Unexpected Formation of a Cyclopropanecarboxamide
Authors: Mekhael Maged K. G. , Linden Anthony , Heimgartner Heinz 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe successive treatment of the N,N‐disubstituted 4‐hydroxy‐2‐methylbutanamide 2a with lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) and diphenyl phosphorochloridate (DPPCl) led to the 1‐methylcyclopropanecarboxamide 10 in good yield. This base‐catalyzed cyclization offers a new approach to cyclopropanecarboxamides. Under similar conditions, the N‐monosubstituted 4‐hydroxy‐2‐methylbutanamide 2b gave the 3‐methylpyrrolidin‐2‐one 11. The structure of the cyclopropanecarboxamide 10 was established by X‐ray crystallography.
Flavone 8‐C‐Glycosides from Haberlea rhodopensisFriv. (Gesneriaceae)
Authors: Ebrahimi Samad N. , Gafner Frank , Dell'Acqua Giorgio , Schweikert Kuno , Hamburger Matthias 
Published: January 2011

AbstractPhytochemical profiling of a MeOH extract from Haberlea rhodopensis by a combination of liquid/liquid extraction, and preparative and semi‐preparative HPLC afforded three new flavone C‐glycosides, hispidulin‐8‐C‐(2″‐O‐syringoyl)‐β‐glucopyranoside (3), hispidulin 8‐C‐(6‐O‐acetyl‐β‐glucopyranoside) (4), and hispidulin 8‐C‐(6‐O‐acetyl‐2‐O‐syringoyl‐β‐glucopyranoside) (5), along with two known phenolic glycosides, myconoside (1) and paucifloside (2). The structures were established by extensive spectroscopic analyses including 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR (COSY, HSQC, and HMBC), and HR‐ESI‐TOF‐MS, and by comparison with published data.
In situ deflection of tendon cell‐cilia in response to tensile loading: an in vitro study
Authors: Lavagnino Michael , Arnoczky Steven P. , Gardner Keri 
Published: January 2011

AbstractTo determine if a correlation exists between tensile loading and the deflection of tendon cell‐cilia in situ, rat‐tail tendon fascicles were stained for tubulin and mounted in a loading device attached to the stage of a confocal microscope. Individual tendon cells (n = 13) were identified and sequential images taken at 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% grip to grip strain. The change in ciliary deflection angle was then measured at each strain level. To determine the ability of cilia to return to their original orientation, additional fascicles were loaded to 6% strain and then unloaded to 0% and tendon cell‐ciliary (n = 10) deflection angle measured. There was a weak (r2 = 0.40) but significant (p < 0.0001) correlation between the change in deflection angle and applied strain. Tensile loading produced a change in deflection angle from 0% to 3% (p = 0.039) and from 3% to 6% (p = 0.001) strain. There was no change (p = 1.000) in deflection angle from 6% to 8% strain. Reducing the strain from 6% to 0% resulted in a change (p = 0.048) in angle towards the pre‐load position. However, the angle did not return to the pre‐strain position (p = 0.025). These results demonstrate that tensile loading produces in situ deflection of tendon cell‐cilia and supports the concept that cilia are involved in the mechanotransduction response of tendon cells. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:925–930
Long‐term changes of aggregate‐associated and labile soil organic carbon and nitrogen after conversion from forest to grassland and cropland in northern Turkey
Authors: Kocyigit R. , Demirci S. 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTSoil management systems can have great effect on soil chemical, physical and biological properties. Conversion of forest to grassland and cropland can alter C and N dynamics. The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes in aggregate‐associated and labile soil organic C and N fractions after conversion of a natural forest to grassland and cropland in northern Turkey. This experiment was conducted on plots subject to three different adjacent land uses (forest, grassland and cropland). Soil samples were taken from 0–5, 5–15 and 15–30 cm depths from each land use. Some soil physical (soil texture, bulk density), chemical (soil pH, soil organic matter, lime content, total organic C and N, inorganic N, free and protected organic C) and biological (microbial biomass C and N, mineralizable C and N) properties were measured. The highest and lowest bulk densities were observed in grassland (1.41 g cm−3) and cropland (1.14 g cm−3), respectively. Microbial biomass C and total organic C in forest were almost twice greater than grassland and four‐times greater than cropland. Cultivation of forest reduced total organic N, mineralizable N and microbial biomass N by half. The great portion of organic C was stored in macroaggregates (>250 µm) in all the three land uses. Free organic C comprised smaller portion of soil organic C in all the three land uses. Thus, this study indicated that long‐term conversion of forest to grassland and cropland significantly decreased microbial biomass C, mineralizable C and physically protected organic C and the decreases were the greatest in cropland. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polyaspartamide‐graft‐Polymethacrylate Nanoparticles for Doxorubicin Delivery
Authors: Licciardi Mariano , Cavallaro Gennara , Di Stefano Mauro , Fiorica Calogero , Giammona Gaetano 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA new PHEA‐IB‐PMANa+ copolymer has been synthesized and its pH‐induced self‐assembly has been investigated in an aqueous medium. PHEA‐IB‐PMANa+ formed nanoparticles with diameters from 25 to 50 nm upon protonation of the carboxylic acid moieties dislocated along the grafted polymethacrylate sodium salt side chains. The physico‐chemical characterization of the nanoparticles was performed using light scattering, zeta‐potential measurements, SEM, and AFM. Doxorubicin‐loaded nanoparticles were prepared and drug release profiles were evaluated under conditions mimicking physiological media. A biological characterization was carried out by testing the cytotoxicity on Caco‐2 cells, and cellular uptake on mouse monocyte macrophage (J774 A.1) and Caco‐2 cells. magnified image
High‐Tg Transparent Poly(ether sulfone)s Based on Phosphinated Bisphenols
Authors: Lin Ching Hsuan , Chang Sheng Lung , Wei Tsai Pei 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe preparation of high‐Tg transparent polymers from poly(ether sulfone)s with bulky phosphinate pendants is described. Poly(ether sulfone)s P1–P3 based on biphenylene phosphinate‐substituted bisphenols were prepared. The thermal properties of P1 and P2 were studied and compared with a bisphenol‐A‐based poly(ether sulfone). P1 and P2 are flexible, foldable, and highly transparent with a cutoff wavelength around 327 and 328 nm, respectively. They display higher glass transition temperature (258 and 274 °C) and lower coefficient of thermal expansion (δ = 48 ppm per °C by TMA) than those of P0 (208 °C and δ = 57 ppm per °C). magnified image
Selective Localization of Nanofillers: Effect on Morphology and Crystallization of PLA/PCL Blends
Authors: Wu Defeng , Lin Dongpo , Zhang Jie , Zhou Weidong , Zhang Ming , Zhang Yisheng , Wang Dongmei , Lin Bilei 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAdding nanofillers to PLA/PCL blends to change their surface and interface properties can improve their phase morphology. Here the selective localization of CNTs and organoclays as the third component in the blend is studied. It is found that clay is selectively localized in the PLA phase and at the phase interface whereas CNTs are mainly found in the PCL phase and at the phase interface. With a reduced viscosity ratio of the blend matrices, the CNTs change their preferred localization from PCL to PLA. The effects of the different selective localization of clay and CNTs on the morphologies are studied. In addition, the crystallization behavior of ternary systems also shows a strong dependence on the selective localization of nanofillers. magnified image
Structure Formation of Non‐Colloidal Particles in Viscoelastic Fluids Subjected to Simple Shear Flow
Authors: Hwang Wook Ryol , Hulsen Martien A. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe alignment and the aggregation of particles in a viscoelastic fluid in simple shear flow are qualitatively analyzed using a two‐dimensional direct numerical simulation. Depending on the shear thinning, solvent viscosity, and Weissenburg number, a typical sequence in structural transitions from random particle configuration to string formation is found with clustering and clustered string formation in between. The solvent viscosity and the Weissenburg number, the ratio of normal stress to shear stress, are found to be the most influential parameters for the onset of string formation. The influence of shear thinning is less clear. More shear thinning seems to promote string formation if the stress ratio is constant. The angular velocity of the particles is reduced by approximately 60% when particles form a string, independent of the parameters used. magnified image
‘All‐supramolecular’ Nanocapsules from Low‐Molecular Weight Ureas Through Interfacial Addition Reaction in Miniemulsion
Authors: Groison Emilie , Adjili Salim , Ferrand Alice , Lortie Frédéric , Portinha Daniel , Sintes‐Zydowicz Nathalie 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis contribution presents a new strategy for preparing nanocapsules with a shell made of a supramolecular polymer which repeating units are held together by reversible interactions rather than covalent bonds. These nanocapsules were prepared in classical miniemulsion through interfacial addition reaction of a diisocyanate (IPDI) and a monoamine (iBA), forming low‐molecular weight bis‐ureas moieties which are strong self‐complementary interacting molecules through hydrogen‐bonding. The nanocapsules present a diameter around 100 nm, and MALDI‐TOF MS and 1H NMR analyses confirm the expected molecular characteristics for the shell. This strategy opens the scope of a new type of nanomaterials exhibiting stimuli‐responsiveness due to the reversible interaction linking the repeating units. magnified image
Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Wakeman Dustin R. , Dodiya Hemraj B. , Kordower Jeffrey H. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractParkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting, in part, dopaminergic motor neurons of the ventral midbrain and their terminal projections that course to the striatum. Symptomatic strategies focused on dopamine replacement have proven effective at remediating some motor symptoms during the course of disease but ultimately fail to deliver long‐term disease modification and lose effectiveness due to the emergence of side effects. Several strategies have been experimentally tested as alternatives for Parkinson's disease, including direct cell replacement and gene transfer through viral vectors. Cellular transplantation of dopamine‐secreting cells was hypothesized as a substitute for pharmacotherapy to directly provide dopamine, whereas gene therapy has primarily focused on restoration of dopamine synthesis or neuroprotection and restoration of spared host dopaminergic circuitry through trophic factors as a means to enhance sustained controlled dopamine transmission. This seems now to have been verified in numerous studies in rodents and nonhuman primates, which have shown that grafts of fetal dopamine neurons or gene transfer through viral vector delivery can lead to improvements in biochemical and behavioral indices of dopamine deficiency. However, in clinical studies, the improvements in parkinsonism have been rather modest and variable and have been plagued by graft‐induced dyskinesias. New developments in stem‐cell transplantation and induced patient‐derived cells have opened the doors for the advancement of cell‐based therapeutics. In addition, viral‐vector–derived therapies have been developed preclinically with excellent safety and efficacy profiles, showing promise in clinical trials thus far. Further progress and optimization of these therapies will be necessary to ensure safety and efficacy before widespread clinical use is deemed appropriate.Mt Sinai J Med 78:126–158, 2011.©2011 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Economics of Children's Environmental Health
Authors: Trasande Leonardo 
Published: January 2011

AbstractEconomic analyses are increasingly appearing in the children's environmental‐health literature. In this review, an illustrative selection of articles that represent cost analyses, cost‐effectiveness analyses, and cost‐benefit analyses is analyzed for the relative merits of each approach. Cost analyses remain the dominant approach due to lack of available data. Cost‐effectiveness and cost‐benefit analyses in this area face challenges presented by estimation of costs of environmental interventions, whose costs are likely to decrease with further technological innovation. Benefits are also more difficult to quantify economically and can only be partially alleviated through willingness‐to‐pay approaches. Nevertheless, economic analyses in children's environmental health are highly informative and important informants to public‐health and policy practice. Further attention and training in their appropriate use are needed. Mt Sinai J Med 78:98–106, 2011. © 2011 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Contributions of Built Environment to Childhood Obesity
Authors: Rahman Tamanna , Cushing Rachel A. , Jackson Richard J. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAs childhood obesity has reached epidemic proportions, it is critical to devise interventions that target the root causes of obesity and its risk factors. The two main components of childhood obesity are physical inactivity and improper nutrition, and it is becoming increasingly evident that the built environment can determine the level of exposure to these risk factors. Through a multidisciplinary literature review, we investigated the association between various built environment attributes and childhood obesity. We found that neighborhood features such as walkability/bikeability, mixed land use, accessible destinations, and transit increase resident physical activity; also that access to high‐caloric foods and convenience stores increases risk of overweight and obesity, whereas the presence of neighborhood supermarkets and farmers' markets is associated with lower childhood body mass index and overweight status. It is evident that a child's built environment impacts his access to nutritious foods and physical activity. In order for children, as well as adults, to prevent onset of overweight or obesity, they need safe places to be active and local markets that offer affordable, healthy food options. Interventions that are designed to provide safe, walkable neighborhoods with access to necessary destinations will be effective in combating the epidemic of obesity.Mt Sinai J Med 78:49–57, 2011.©2011 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Accurate fracture modelling using meshless methods, the visibility criterion and level sets: Formulation and 2D modelling
Authors: Zhuang Xiaoying , Augarde Charles , Bordas Stéphane 
Published: January 2011

AbstractFracture modelling using numerical methods is well‐advanced in 2D using techniques such as the extended finite element method (XFEM). The use of meshless methods for these problems lags somewhat behind, but the potential benefits of no meshing (particularly in 3D) prompt continued research into their development. In methods where the crack face is not explicitly modelled (as the edge of an element for instance), two procedures are instead used to associate the displacement jump with the crack surface: the visibility criterion and the diffraction method. The visibility criterion is simple to implement and efficient to compute, especially with the help of level set coordinates. However, spurious discontinuities have been reported around crack tips using the visibility criterion, whereas implementing the diffraction method in 3D is much more complicated than the visibility criterion. In this paper, a tying procedure is proposed to remove the difficulty with the visibility criterion so that crack tip closure can be ensured while the advantages of the visibility criterion can be preserved. The formulation is based on the use of level set coordinates and the element‐free Galerkin method, and is generally applicable for single or multiple crack problems in 2D or 3D. The paper explains the formulation and provides verification of the method against a number of 2D crack problems. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fast kd‐tree‐based hierarchical radiosity for radiative heat transport problems
Authors: Bindick Sebastian , Stiebler Maik , Krafczyk Manfred 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn this paper we present a new efficient approach for radiative heat transfer simulations for various applications in engineering, combining existing approaches from different fields of computer science and heat transfer. For these application fields we assume radiative exchange between gray, diffuse surfaces in a radiatively nonparticipating medium. To solve the complex space–time behavior of radiation in 3D domains we use the hierarchical radiosity method. Here, the basic idea is to hierarchically subdivide surfaces forming a quad‐tree structure until a refinement criterion is reached. The fundamental underlying operation of the radiosity method is visibility detection which can be solved efficiently by using a space partitioning approach for the input surfaces. For this reason we choose a kd‐tree which is the best known acceleration structure for visibility detection on irregularly distributed surfaces. These approaches dramatically decrease the complexity of the radiation problem from n3 to O((k2 + n)logk), where k is the number of input surfaces and n is the number of refined surfaces. We validate the approach for several non‐trivial examples and demonstrate that the scheme is second‐order accurate. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal convergence analysis for the extended finite element method
Authors: Nicaise Serge , Renard Yves , Chahine Elie 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe establish some optimal a priori error estimates on some variants of the eXtended Finite Element Method (Xfem), namely the Xfem with a cut‐off function and the standard Xfem with a fixed enrichment area. Both the Lamé system (homogeneous isotropic elasticity) and the Laplace problem are considered. The convergence of the numerical stress intensity factors is also investigated. Some numerical experiments corroborating the theoretical results are presented. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Semi‐analytic solution for multiple interacting three‐dimensional inhomogeneous inclusions of arbitrary shape in an infinite space
Authors: Zhou Kun , Keer Leon M. , Wang Q. Jane 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis paper develops a semi‐analytic solution for multiple arbitrarily shaped three‐dimensional inhomogeneous inclusions embedded in an infinite isotropic matrix under external load. All interactions between the inhomogeneous inclusions are taken into account in this solution. The inhomogeneous inclusions are discretized into small cuboidal elements, each of which is treated as a cuboidal inclusion with initial eigenstrain plus unknown equivalent eigenstrain according to the Equivalent Inclusion Method. All the unknown equivalent eigenstrains are determined by solving a set of simultaneous constitutive equations established for each equivalent cuboidal inclusion. The final solution is obtained by summing up the closed‐form solutions for each individual equivalent cuboidal inclusion in an infinite space. The solution evaluation is performed by application of the fast Fourier transform algorithm, which greatly increases the computational efficiency. Finally, the solution is validated by taking Eshelby's analytic solution of an ellipsoidal inhomogeneous inclusion as a benchmark and by the finite element analysis. A few sample results are also given to demonstrate the generality of the solution. The solution may have potentially significant applications in solving a wide range of inhomogeneity‐related problems. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Addressing the religious and spiritual needs of dying patients by healthcare staff in Korea: patient perspectives in a multi‐religious Asian country
Authors: Kang Jina , Shin Dong Wook , Choi Jin Young , Park Chang Hae , Baek Young Ji , Mo Ha Na , Song Mi Ok , Park Shin Ae , Moon Do Ho , Son Ki Young 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjective: We investigated how patients' spiritual and religious needs are addressed by healthcare staff in inpatient palliative care centers in Korea, a multi‐religious country.Methods: We performed a cross‐sectional, multicenter survey of terminal cancer patients in inpatient palliative care centers.Results: Approximately half (50.5%) of the patients reported that their spiritual and religious needs were addressed by healthcare staff. Patients whose needs were addressed reported better quality of life (QoL), as measured using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality‐of‐Life Questionnaire for Palliative Care, than patients whose needs were not addressed (p<0.05), although these groups did not differ when measured using the Comprehensive QoL Scale. Patients with a religious affiliation [adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 2.38; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.70–8.05], those who were admitted to a religious palliative care center (aOR, 2.61; 95% CI, 0.86–7.96), and those whose religious affiliation was the same as that of the palliative care center (aOR, 2.42; 95% CI, 0.96–6.07) tended to have their spiritual and religious needs addressed, although not statistically significant.Conclusions: Although patients whose spiritual and religious needs were addressed by healthcare staff showed significantly better QoL, such needs were not addressed in a significant proportion of patients, especially those who were not religious or were admitted to non‐religious palliative care centers. Strategies should be developed to ensure that spiritual care is provided to all patients with terminal cancer, regardless of the religious background of the patient. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crystal structure of a phenol‐coupling P450 monooxygenase involved in teicoplanin biosynthesis
Authors: Li Zhi , Rupasinghe Sanjeewa G. , Schuler Mary A. , Nair Satish K. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe lipoglycopeptide antibiotic teicoplanin has proven efficacy against gram‐positive pathogens. Teicoplanin is distinguished from the vancomycin‐type glycopeptide antibiotics, by the presence of an additional cross‐link between the aromatic amino acids 1 and 3 that is catalyzed by the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase Orf6* (CYP165D3). As a goal towards understanding the mechanism of this phenol‐coupling reaction, we have characterized recombinant Orf6* and determined its crystal structure to 2.2‐Å resolution. Although the structure of Orf6* reveals the core fold common to other P450 monooxygenases, there are subtle differences in the disposition of secondary structure elements near the active site cavity necessary to accommodate its complex heptapeptide substrate. Specifically, the orientation of the F and G helices in Orf6* results in a more closed active site than found in the vancomycin oxidative enzymes OxyB and OxyC. In addition, Met226 in the I helix replaces the more typical Gly/Ala residue that is positioned above the heme porphyrin ring, where it forms a hydrogen bond with a heme iron‐bound water molecule. Sequence comparisons with other phenol‐coupling P450 monooxygenases suggest that Met226 plays a role in determining the substrate regiospecificity of Orf6*. These features provide further insights into the mechanism of the cross‐linking mechanisms that occur during glycopeptide antibiotics biosynthesis. Proteins 2011; © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.