bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the hybridization effect on mechanical properties of natural fiber reinforced biosourced composites
Authors: Ketata Nihel , Ejday Mohsen , Grohens Yves , Seantier Bastien , Guermazi Noamen 
Published: May 2024

Hybridizing the natural fibers with stronger synthetic fibers could significantly improve the properties of the natural fiber-reinforced composites. The improved mechanical capabilities of fiber reinforced polymers result from the fiber’s capacity for withstanding a more substantial portion of the mechanical load compared to the matrix it replaces. In order to guarantee the efficient transfer of the mechanical load from the matrix to the reinforcement, it is necessary to incorporate a fibrous filler. Transference takes place when the length of the fiber is longer than a specific critical length. Fibers which are shorter than the critical length will pull out from the matrix when tested to a tensile load. In some cases, complete transfer of the load is not performed. The goal of this study is to learn more about flax (FF), glass (GF), and mixtures of flax and glass (FF + GF) short fiber-reinforced PLA-PBS composites. This is performed to find out how the flax/glass combination affects the mechanical properties of PLA-PBS-reinforced short fiber composites. In order to extend their use for industrial applications, these composites were manufactured via extrusion and, afterward, injection molding. Fiber aspect ratios were followed after compounding and injection processing. The analysis of fiber lengths reveals a noteworthy observation: the proportion of fibers exceeding their critical length of 531 µm and 772 µm for FF and GF, respectively, is more significant when flax fibers (FF) and glass fibers (GF) are combined compared to when they reinforce the composite individually. Specifically, the composite containing both FF and GF exhibits a higher percentage of fibers surpassing their critical length, compared to their individual reinforcement in the composite. The results reveal that 27% of individually extracted single FF exceed their critical length, whereas a higher proportion, at 34%, is observed when FF is part of the composite mixture. In contrast, the critical length is surpassed by only 4% of individually extracted single GF, whereas the combined presence of GF in the composite results in a notably higher percentage, at 19%. The tensile properties of these composites were investigated considering the effect of the hybridization by flax/glass short fibers. It was noted that the tensile properties of the hybrid composites increase comparing to the flax composites from 42.4 MPa to 53 MPa for the tensile strength and from 4.9 GPa to 5.4 GPa for the tensile modulus. In contrast, the elongation at break of the hybrid composites decreases from 1.7% to 1.5% with the incorporation of glass fibers. The experimental results were compared with the predictions of the mixture law and the Cox-Krenchel model. The findings indicate that mixing synthetic fibers with natural fibers is an excellent approach to enhancing mechanical properties.
The efficacy of exercise training for improving body composition in patients with breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Bao Chuncha , Feng Yuan , Huang Jiapeng , Wang Zezhang , Wang Xiaoyi , Hou Yue , He Chengqi 
Published: May 2024

Objectives To evaluate the efficacy of exercise in improving body composition in patients with breast cancer; the effects of exercise on weight and BMI were evaluated as secondary outcomes. Data sources Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed and Web of Science were searched for randomized controlled trials published in English from database inception to 29 November 2023. Methods The effects of exercise on body composition in patients with breast cancer were explored. After separately extracting the data, two reviewers assessed the overall quality of the evidence as well as the methodological quality of the included studies. Results Fourteen studies with 1241 participants were included, of which 12 studies were eligible for meta-analysis. Exercise significantly reduced body fat (mean difference [MD], −0.33; 95% CI, −0.37 to −0.29; P < 0.00001) and increased lean mass (MD, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.34 to 0.49; P < 0.00001) in patients with breast cancer. Further, exercise intervention was associated with increased BMI of patients with breast cancer (MD, 0.03; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.06; P = 0.01), while no significant difference in weight was detected between the exercise and the non-exercise groups. Subgroup analysis results showed that only resistance exercise reduced fat mass (MD, −0.22; 95% CI, −0.27 to −0.16; P < 0.00001). Conclusions Exercise effectively improves body composition in patients with breast cancer. Clinicians should encourage patients to engage in exercise and develop optimized exercise prescriptions.
Sarcopenia is a possible risk factor for amputation after peripheral arterial interventions
Authors: Dağlı Mustafa , Gül Enis Burak , Yiğit Görkem , Gevrek Murat , Yılmaz Metin , Özen Selin , İşcan Hakkı Zafer , Özen Anıl 
Published: May 2024

Objectives Sarcopenia has been demonstrated to be related to unfavorable clinical outcomes in patients with vascular diseases. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between sarcopenia and clinical results in patients with peripheral arterial disease who underwent endovascular therapy (EVT). Methods This single-center retrospective study involved patients with PAD who underwent peripheral EVT at Ankara City Hospital, between January 2018 and December 2021. Two groups of patients were created: sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic patients according to computed tomography angiography muscle measurements. Primary outcome measures were major and minor amputation and survival. Mortality, amputation, and clinical characteristics were compared between the two patient groups. Hazard ratios (HRs) for amputation were calculated for each risk factor via univariate and multivariate analyses. Secondary outcomes included length of hospital stay and post-procedural complications. Results The mean follow-up period was 29.9 ± 9 months for all patients. A total number of 100 patients (mean age 63.5 ± 9.2 years) were involved in the study cohort. A significant association was identified between mortality and sarcopenia (p < .001). The mortality rate in the group with sarcopenia was significantly higher than the other group; 65.7% (23 patients) versus (20%, 13 patients) (p < .001). The major amputation rate in the group with sarcopenia was 57.1%, the major amputation rate in the group without sarcopenia was calculated as 15.4%, revealing that the major amputation rate was detected to be significantly higher in the sarcopenia group (p < .001). Multivariate regression analyses showed that only sarcopenia (HR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.21–1.27; p = 0.15) was independently associated with major amputation in patients with PAD after EVT. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between the survival curves of sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia patients (p < .001). Conclusions Sarcopenia seems to be a possible risk factor associated with amputation in patients with PAD who undergo EVT. The results of this study imply that sarcopenia is a possible risk factor for overall survival in patients with PAD.
The phenomenon of drug-coating embolism during lower extremity endovascular interventions with paclitaxel-coated balloon
Authors: Osipova Olesia S , Gostev Alexander A , Karpenko Andrey A 
Published: May 2024

Introduction There is a risk of distal embolization lower extremity endovascular interventions. Possibly a drug-coating embolism caused by coating detachment from intravascular devices. Methods This review focuses on providing updated information on distal embolism in endovascular revascularization of lower extremity arteries, including the use of drug-coated balloons. Results Drug-coating embolism is a special case of distal embolization during recanalization of the arteries of the lower extremities. Preclinical studies have demonstrated embolization of drug-coated balloons during angioplasty of lower extremity arteries. However, the clinical role of drug-coating embolism is not completely clear. A 2020 meta-analysis found an increased risk of major lower extremity amputation after drug-coated balloon angioplasty in patients with critical limb ischemia. But long-term research is emerging to support the safety of using these devices. Perhaps a more thorough assessment of the quality of life and the degree of compensation of lower limb ischemia with an intraoperative assessment of the frequency of peripheral embolizations using ultrasound emboli detection, as well as microcirculation with transcutaneous oximetry and laser Doppler flowmetry of the operated lower limb will allow a more detailed study of the phenomenon of drug-coating embolism and its impact on long-term clinical outcomes. Conclusion According to the results of preclinical studies, the use of paclitaxel-coated balloons leads to an increase in the concentration of paclitaxel in distal skeletal muscles. However, paclitaxel concentration in skeletal muscle was significantly higher in first-generation DCBs. The non-target effects of drug-coating balloon are not fully understood and require further study. Understanding the phenomenon of drug-coating embolism can help physicians to better assess the patient risk and to minimize complications.
Local injection of a freshly manufactured 35 kDa hyaluronan fragment reduces neuropathic and inflammatory pain: A clinical study
Authors: Xu FengHe , Treger Dylan , Ma Xinyue , Jia XiaoXiao , Shofaro Joshua H , Ganbaatar Taivanbat , Gantumur Munkh-Amgalan , Hui Jessica , Hui Mizhou , Meng Chao 
Published: May 2024

To investigate the ability of the 35 kDa low-molecular-weight hyaluronan fragment (HA35) to relieve neuropathic and inflammatory pain, including postherpetic neuralgia and shoulder, neck, back and temporomandibular pain. Ten patients with postherpetic neuralgia and 26 patients with shoulder, neck, back or temporomandibular pain were studied and assessed. The 35 kDa hyaluronan fragment (HA35) was prepared by mixing hyaluronidase and 100 mg of high-molecular-weight HA at room temperature for 20 mins. This mixture was locally injected once at the pain point or where the nerve trunk innervated the pain point. Patients scored their pain and comfort on the numerical pain rating scale (NPRS) and the General Comfort Questionnaire (GCQ). After treatment, the NPRS scores and GCQ scores improved. Patients with postherpetic neuralgia and shoulder, neck, back or temporomandibular pain had significantly lower NPRS scores at 30 min to 180 min after injection, especially at 180 min ( p < .001). The GCQ scores after treatment for 24 h was significantly greater than that before treatment ( p < .01). No adverse reactions occurred. The 35 kDa hyaluronan fragment (HA35) effectively relieved postherpetic neuralgia-induced neuropathic pain and shoulder, neck, back and temporomandibular inflammatory pain. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT05809700 at https://www.clinicaltrials.gov .
How can patient experience of abortion care be improved? Evidence from the SACHA study
Authors: Lewandowska Maria , Scott Rachel , Meiksin Rebecca , Reiter Jennifer , Salaria Natasha , Lohr Patricia A , Cameron Sharon , Palmer Melissa , French Rebecca S , Wellings Kaye ,   the SACHA Study Team
Published: May 2024

Background: Models of abortion care have changed significantly in the last decade, most markedly during the COVID-19 pandemic, when home management of early medical abortion with telemedical support was approved in Britain. Objective: Our study aimed to examine women’s satisfaction with abortion care and their suggestions for improvements. Design: Qualitative, in-depth, semi-structured interviews. Methods: A purposive sample of 48 women with recent experience of abortion was recruited between July 2021 and August 2022 from independent sector and National Health Service abortion services in Scotland, Wales and England. Interviews were conducted by phone or via video call. Women were asked about their abortion experience and for suggestions for any improvements that could be made along their patient journey – from help-seeking, the initial consultation, referral, treatment, to aftercare. Data were analyzed using the Framework Method. Results: Participants were aged 16–43 years; 39 had had a medical abortion, 8 a surgical abortion, and 1 both. The majority were satisfied with their clinical care. The supportive, kind and non-judgmental attitudes of abortion providers were highly valued, as was the convenience afforded by remotely supported home management of medical abortion. Suggestions for improvement across the patient journey centred around the need for timely care; greater correspondence between expectations and reality; the importance of choice; and the need for greater personal and emotional support. Conclusion: Recent changes in models of care present both opportunities and challenges for quality of care. The perspectives of patients highlight further opportunities for improving care and support. The principles of timely care, choice, management of expectations, and emotional support should inform further service configuration.
Emerging trends and prospects in telerehabilitation for hip fracture: Bibliometric and visualization study
Authors: Wang Liqiong , Wang Xiangxiu , Zhang Ruishi , He Chengqi 
Published: May 2024

Background Telerehabilitation provide distant physical rehabilitation services and help overcome the barriers associated with face-to-face interventions for hip fractures. This study aims to analyse the progress of the application of telerehabilitation in hip fracture and reveal its research profile, hotspots and development trends. Methods The articles and reviews related to telerehabilitation in hip fracture were retrieved from 1992 to 2024. A bibliometric visualization and comparative analysis of countries, institutions, journals, authors, references and keywords were conducted using Java-based CiteSpace and VOSviewer. Results A total of 79 documents were obtained. Spain was the most academically influential country. The University of Granada was the most prolific institution. The author Ariza-vega P listed first in terms of publications and citations. Most publications were published in high academic impact journals. The major frontier keywords were “older adults,” “functional recovery,” “reliability,” “mortality,” “rehabilitation,” “mobility” and “quality of life.” The most popular keywords from 2020 to 2024 were “geriatric medicine,” “family caregiver” and “digital health.” Conclusions The historical and prospective perspective in telerehabilitation following hip fracture were presented. A primary focus in the early years was the impact of telerehabilitation on functional independence for hip fracture patients. Future outcomes are expected to include patient satisfaction, health-related quality of life and psychiatric symptoms. Exercise was also designed to eliminate travel burdens and strengthen self-efficacy, and improve the physical and psychosocial function of hip fracture patients. This work will provide a fundamental reference as well as a directional guide for future research.
Accuracy of Provider Predictions of Viral Suppression Among Adolescents and Young Adults With HIV in an HIV Clinical Program
Authors: Thrul Johannes , Yusuf Hasiya , Devkota Janardan , Owczarzak Jill , Ohene-Kyei Elise Tirza , Gebo Kelly , Agwu Allison 
Published: May 2024

Background Providers caring for adolescents and young adults with HIV (AYA-HIV) mostly base their adherence counseling during clinical encounters on clinical judgment and expectations of patients’ medication adherence. There is currently no data on provider predictions of viral suppression for AYA-HIV. We aimed to assess the accuracy of provider predictions of patients’ viral suppression status compared to viral load results. Methods Providers caring for AYA-HIV were asked to predict the likelihood of viral suppression of patients before a clinical encounter and give reasons for their predictions. Provider predictions were compared to actual viral load measurements of patients. Patient data were abstracted from electronic health records. The final analysis included 9 providers, 28 patients, and 34 observations of paired provider predictions and viral load results. Results Provider prediction accuracy of viral suppression was low (59%, Cohen's Kappa = 0.16). Provider predictions of lack of viral suppression were based on nonadherence to medications, new patient status, or structural vulnerabilities (e.g., unstable housing). Anticipated viral suppression was based on medication adherence, history of viral suppression, and the presence of family or other social forms of support. Conclusions Providers have difficulty accurately predicting viral suppression among AYA-HIV and may base their counseling on incorrect assumptions. Rapid point-of-care viral load testing may provide opportunities to improve counseling provided during the clinical encounter.
Gender Inequity in Clinical Clerkships and its Influence on Career Selection: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Dawood Muhammad Hamza , Roshan Mavra , Daniyal Muhammad , Sohail Sheza , Perveen Haseefa , Islam Umair Ul 
Published: May 2024

Objective The aim of this study was to identify the frequency, form, and underlying factors contributing to gender inequity experienced by medical undergraduates and assess its influence on their career choices. Method This was a cross-sectional, retrospective survey with a 100% response rate. This survey was distributed among medical students of clinical years in Karachi's private and government medical colleges from September 10th, 2021-March 30th, 2022. 430 participants were enrolled using a simple-random-sampling-technique. Chi-square/Fisher's Exact tests are employed to assess the relationships between gender and gender-based inequity in various specialties, including their characteristics, influence on career choices, adverse psychological effects, and potential mitigation strategies. Results Among 430 respondents, 28.6% were male, and 71.4% were female. 89.1% reported gender inequity, evenly distributed in government (80.4%) and private institutions (88.1%). The general surgery and gynecology disciplines stood out, each with a 56% prevalence. In gynecology and surgery clinical-clerkships, both genders experienced similar rates, with females at 54.5% and 42.3%, and males at 56.7% and 61.6%, respectively (P-value = .000*). Disrespect from staff/professors/patients (48.8%) was the most common manifestation, driven by factors like preferences (73.7%), gender superiority (62.6%), societal attitudes (54%), and cultural norms (50.9%). Furthermore, 82.6% of students reported that gender inequity had a negative impact on their career decision (Male = 82.9%;Female = 82.4%, P-value = .899). Additionally, gender inequity also caused demotivation (78.1%), poor self-esteem (67.2%), helplessness/hopelessness (48.6%), and frustration (45.8%). Conclusions Gender inequity is widely prevalent in the clinical-clerkships, affecting medical students’ career decisions and mental health, stressing the need to prioritize and implement solutions at the undergraduate clinical-clerkship level.
Poor creativity in interictal migraine: A case–control pilot study
Authors: Ruiz-Álvarez Lara , Díez-Rodríguez Eva , Cubillas Carmelo Pérez , Soto-León Vanesa , Borrego Yolanda A Pérez , Parra Fernando Pérez , Oliviero Antonio 
Published: May 2024

Background/Hypothesis: Creativity is a cognitive process that affects the performance of many daily life activities. This process, in turn, is influenced not only by various environmental factors but also by numerous individual aspects. Chronic pain is one of the factors that has proven to negatively affect creativity. Our hypothesis is that people with migraine in the interictal phase also have lower levels of creativity than the control group. Methods: We collected data from participants with migraine ( n = 31) in the interictal phase and from a non-migraine control group ( n = 30). We used the Alternative Uses Task (AUT) test and the Creative Intelligence Test (CREA) to evaluate creativity. Results: Our results revealed lower creativity in participants with migraine. This was confirmed by both the AUT (fluency: controls 7.4 (4.35) vs. participants with migraine 4.4 (2.9); p < 0.001; originality: controls 2.353 (0.457) vs. participants with migraine 2.07 (0.278); p < 0.001; flexibility: controls 3.4 (1.55) vs. participants with migraine 2.0 (1.0); p < 0.001) and CREA (controls 14.0 (9.875) vs. participants with migraine 9.5 (5.0); p = 0.004) tests. Interpretation: The present pilot study provides evidence that migraine, even in the interictal period, reduces creative ideation and this may impact the quality of life of these individuals.
Improving replicability in single-cell RNA-Seq cell type discovery with Dune
Authors: Roux de Bézieux Hector , Street Kelly , Fischer Stephan , Van den Berge Koen , Chance Rebecca , Risso Davide , Gillis Jesse , Ngai John , Purdom Elizabeth , Dudoit Sandrine 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundSingle-cell transcriptome sequencing (scRNA-Seq) has allowed new types of investigations at unprecedented levels of resolution. Among the primary goals of scRNA-Seq is the classification of cells into distinct types. Many approaches build on existing clustering literature to develop tools specific to single-cell. However, almost all of these methods rely on heuristics or user-supplied parameters to control the number of clusters. This affects both the resolution of the clusters within the original dataset as well as their replicability across datasets. While many recommendations exist, in general, there is little assurance that any given set of parameters will represent an optimal choice in the trade-off between cluster resolution and replicability. For instance, another set of parameters may result in more clusters that are also more replicable.ResultsHere, we propose , a new method for optimizing the trade-off between the resolution of the clusters and their replicability. Our method takes as input a set of clustering results—or partitions—on a single dataset and iteratively merges clusters within each partitions in order to maximize their concordance between partitions. As demonstrated on multiple datasets from different platforms, outperforms existing techniques, that rely on hierarchical merging for reducing the number of clusters, in terms of replicability of the resultant merged clusters as well as concordance with ground truth. is available as an R package on Bioconductor:https://www.bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/Dune.html.ConclusionsCluster refinement by helps improve the robustness of any clustering analysis and reduces the reliance on tuning parameters. This method provides an objective approach for borrowing information across multiple clusterings to generate replicable clusters most likely to represent common biological features across multiple datasets.