bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use and perceived benefits resulting from the use of complementary and alternative medicine by cancer patients in Australia
Authors: OH Byeongsang , BUTOW Phyllis , MULLAN Barbara , BEALE Philip , PAVLAKIS Nick , ROSENTHAL David , CLARKE Stephen 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAim:  The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) by cancer patients is growing. However, few studies have examined the perceived benefits and adverse effects resulting from the use of CAM by cancer patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate CAM use by cancer patients and to explore their perceptions of the benefit, safety and efficacy of CAM in general.Methods:  Oncologists from three university teaching hospitals screened patients for eligibility. Eligible patients (N = 1323) were mailed a letter of invitation with a questionnaire between January and May 2008.Results:  Overall 381 questionnaires were returned, showing that 65% of cancer patients used at least one form of CAM. Patients considered taking biological CAM before, during and after chemotherapy. Up to 90% of CAM users believed that CAM provided potential health benefits and less than 3% reported adverse effects experienced from the use of CAM. Most respondents (80%) believed CAM can provide health benefits even when efficacy has not been proven. Most patients (90%) believed that doctors should consider learning about CAM to provide appropriate advice to their cancer patients, and most (83%) indicated they would be happier to accept CAM if it was offered by the hospital.Conclusion:  A substantial portion of Australian cancer patients use CAM. Given the limited data on efficacy and safety for most CAM, it may be reasonable to offer CAM within the hospital environment so its use can be monitored and patients can receive more evidence‐based care.
An exploration of the dynamics and influences upon second medical opinion consultations in cancer care
Authors: PHILIP Jennifer , GOLD Michelle , SCHWARZ Max , KOMESAROFF Paul 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAim:  The aim of this study was to explore the dynamics within second medical opinion consultations in patients with cancer.Methods:  Semi‐structured interviews were held with four oncologists and were subjected to a thematic analysis to define the broad issues. These formed the basis of a survey distributed to Australian medical oncologists.Results:  Overall 65 surveys were returned representing an overall response rate of 30% (10% and 63% electronic and hardcopy response rates, respectively). The dynamics in giving second medical opinions are influenced by the collegiate relationships of the doctors. Nearly two‐thirds of oncologists believed that the first doctors' treatment and recommendations influenced the outcome of the second opinion, more than one‐third believed the outcome was influenced by the relationship between the two doctors, and 41% believed the public nature of a second opinion was influential. In each case, these figures were more than double their assessments of patients' beliefs of these influences. Care was taken not to criticise the primary doctor.Conclusion:  Second medical opinions provide an opportunity for oncologists to review medical care and engage in enhanced communication with patients who have additional needs. These consultations do not, however, occur in a vacuum but are influenced by the need to attend to relationships between the patient and their primary doctor and between the doctors themselves. The second medical opinion is embedded within a network of relationships and within the illness journey.
Adjuvant chemoradiation versus chemotherapy in completely resected advanced gastric cancer with D2 nodal dissection
Authors: KWON Hyuk‐Chan , KIM Min Chan , KIM Ki Han , JANG Jin Seok , OH Sung Yong , KIM Sung‐Hyun , KWON Kyung A. , LEE Suee , LEE Hyung Sik , KIM Hyo‐Jin 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAim:  Adjuvant chemoradiation has become a standard of care in the USA. We evaluated the efficacy and toxicity of adjuvant chemoradiation versus chemotherapy in completely resected locally advanced gastric cancer.Methods:  Patients with stage IIIA, IIIB and IV (without metastasis) gastric cancer were treated with chemoradiation and 5‐fluorouracil/cisplatin (FP) (arm A) or FP (arm B). Arm A consisted of one cycle of FP followed by 4500 cGY to radiation field with capecitabine. One month after completion of radiotherapy, patients received three additional cycles of FP every 3 weeks. Arm B consisted of six cycles of FP.Results:  A total of 61 patients were enrolled, of whom 31 were placed in arm A and 30 in arm B. The median follow‐up duration was 77.2 months (range 24–92.8 months). We did not find any difference in 3‐year disease‐free survival between arm A and B (80.0 vs 75.2%, respectively; P = 0.887). There was no significant difference between the arms in 5‐year disease‐free survival (76.7 vs 59.1%, respectively; P = 0.222) or overall survival (70.1 vs 70.0%, respectively; P = 0.814). Seven patients (22.6%) relapsed in arm A and 12 patients (40%) relapsed in arm B. Grade 3/4 neutropenia occurred in 48.5% of patients in arm A and 22.9% in arm B. Grade 3 nausea or vomiting occurred in 6% in arm A and 14.6% in arm B.Conclusion:  We could not make any conclusion about the benefit of adding radiation to adjuvant chemotherapy.
Decreased Cardiac Output: Clinical Validation in Patients With Decompensated Heart Failure
Authors: Martins Quenia Camille Soares , Aliti Graziella , Rabelo Eneida Rejane 
Published: October 2010

PURPOSE:  Clinically validate (using Fehring's model) characteristics of the nursing diagnosis (ND) of decreased cardiac output (DCO) in 29 patients with decompensated heart failure.METHODS:  Cross‐sectional study conducted in a Brazilian university hospital.FINDINGS:  According to the reliability rate (R) between the experts, the major characteristics (R ≥ 0.80) were fatigue, dyspnea, edema, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, and elevated central venous pressure, and the secondary characteristics were weight gain, hepatomegaly, jugular vein distension, palpitations, crackles, oliguria, coughing, clammy skin, and skin color changes.CONCLUSION:  Characteristics with R > 0.50 and ≤1 were valid in the ND of DCO. Implications for the nursing practice: Clinical validation studies are necessary to determine the adequacy of this diagnosis and its determining characteristics with Taxonomy II.OBJETIVO:  Validar clinicamente, segundo o modelo proposto por Fehring, as características definidoras do diagnostico de enfermagem (DE) débito cardíaco diminuído (DCD) em 29 pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca congestiva descompensada.MÉTODOS:  Estudo transversal conduzido em um hospital universitário no sul do Brazil.RESULTADOS:  De acordo com a taxa de fidedignidade de Fehring (R) obtidas entre as peritas, as características definidoras consideradas maiores (R ≥ 0.80) foram fadiga, dispnéia, edema, ortopnéia, dispnéia paroxística noturna e pressão venosa central aumentada; e características secundárias foram ganho de peso, hepatomegalia, distensão da veia jugular, palpitações, crepitações, oliguria, tosse, pele fria e pegajosa e mudanças na cor da pele.CONCLUSÃO:  Características com R > 0.50 e ≤1 foram validadas para o diagnóstico débito cardíaco diminuído (DCD).IMPLICAÇÕES PARA PRÁTICA DE ENFERMAGEM:  Estudos de validação clínica são necessários para evidenciar a adequação deste diagnóstico e suas características definidoras a Taxonomia II.
Evaluation of surface contamination with staphylococci in a veterinary hospital using a quantitative microbiological method
Authors: Aksoy E. , Boag A. , Brodbelt D. , Grierson J. 
Published: October 2010

Objectives: To evaluate microbial contamination of the environment in a veterinary hospital using standards recommended for human hospitals and to provide a baseline against which further investigations can be compared. Methods: Surfaces were sampled twice daily for five consecutive days using a contact‐based counting method to measure the levels of staphylococci in colony forming units (cfu) per cm2. Results: Current recommendations for human hospitals were applied in this study; all samples with <2.5cfu/cm2 staphylococci were considered to have passed and those with ≥2.5cfu/cm2 to have failed. Of all the samples, 55.9% failed. The ICU did not have significantly higher failure rates than other areas of the hospital. The floor as a surface was associated with greater than a threefold increase in odds of elevated cfu concentrations relative to the door handle. Clinical Significance: This study provides information on the microbiological cleanliness of a veterinary teaching hospital using techniques and standards adopted by the food industry and recommended for human hospitals. This data can be used as a baseline for other hospitals, to evaluate the effectiveness in improvements in hygiene and cleaning measures and to design effective hospital cleaning protocols and assess ongoing hygiene standards.
Prevalence of hepatic lesions at post‐mortem examination in dogs and association with pancreatitis
Authors: Watson P. J. , Roulois A. J. A. , Scase T. J. , Irvine R. , Herrtage M. E. 
Published: October 2010

Objectives: To assess the prevalence of canine chronic hepatitis (CH) and other liver diseases in first opinion practice and identify associations with concurrent chronic pancreatitis (CP).Methods: One large section of left lateral lobe of liver was taken from 200 unselected canine post‐mortem examinations from first opinion practices. Histological changes were categorised based on WSAVA criteria. Prevalence of CH and other liver diseases were calculated. Relative risks (RR) for liver histopathology in association with CP and for CH in different breeds were also calculated.Results: The prevalence of CH was 12%. Some breeds had an increased RR of CH, although sample sizes were small. Dogs with CP had an increased RR of reactive hepatitis but no significant association with the other liver diseases.ClinicalSignificance: CH is common in the first opinion dog population but less common than CP. CP was significantly associated with reactive hepatitis but not CH. Possible breed associations mirrored another recent UK study. Some dogs with CP may be erroneously diagnosed clinically as having CH on the basis of increased serum liver enzymes because of concurrent reactive hepatitis if the diagnosis is not confirmed histologically.
Detecting alternate foraging ecotypes in Australian sea lion (Neophoca cinerea) colonies using stable isotope analysis
Authors: Lowther Andrew D. , Goldsworthy S. D. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractStable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotopes are used frequently to describe the trophic ecology of top marine mammal predators. Australian sea lions (Neophoca cinerea) are one of the world's rarest otariid seals and exhibit the highest levels of natal site philopatry of any seal. We report the development of a screening technique to identify different foraging ecotypes and assess their relative frequencies in Australian sea lion breeding colonies using stable isotope ratios in pups. Geospatial and dive data from 15 adult females at three breeding colonies revealed alternate foraging strategies (inshore and offshore foraging) that were reflected in significant changes in δ13C and δ15N. Isotope fractionation from mother to pup was validated using paired whisker and blood serum samples with no significant difference between δ13C and δ15N enrichment of +1.27‰ (whiskers) and +1.92‰ (blood serum) from mothers to pups. Isotope ratios from whisker samples representing over 50% of pups born at three colonies revealed significant intercolony differences in maternal foraging ecotype frequencies. These results are unique in that ecological partitioning over such a small spatial scale has not been described in any other otariid species.
Severe Karenia brevis red tides influence juvenile bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) behavior in Sarasota Bay, Florida
Authors: McHugh Katherine A. , Allen Jason B. , Barleycorn Aaron A. , Wells Randall S. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractHarmful algal blooms (HABs) are natural stressors in the coastal environment that may be increasing in frequency and severity. This study investigates whether severe red tide blooms, caused by Karenia brevis, affect the behavior of resident coastal bottlenose dolphins in Sarasota Bay, Florida through changes to juvenile dolphin activity budgets, ranging patterns, and social associations. Behavioral observations were conducted on free‐ranging juvenile dolphins during the summer months of 2005–2007, and behavior during red tide blooms was compared to periods of background K. brevis abundance. We also utilized dolphin group sighting data from 2004 to 2007 to obtain comparison information from before the most severe recent red tide of 2005 and incorporate social association information from adults in the study area. We found that coastal dolphins displayed a suite of behavioral changes associated with red tide blooms, including significantly altered activity budgets, increased sociality, and expanded ranging behavior. At present, we do not fully understand the mechanism behind these red tide‐associated behavioral effects, but they are most likely linked to underlying changes in resource availability and distribution. These behavioral changes have implications for more widespread population impacts, including increased susceptibility to disease outbreaks, which may contribute to unusual mortality events during HABs.
Engineering Streptomyces coelicolor for heterologous expression of secondary metabolite gene clusters
Authors: Gomez‐Escribano Juan Pablo , Bibb Mervyn J. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryWe have constructed derivatives of Streptomyces coelicolor M145 as hosts for the heterologous expression of secondary metabolite gene clusters. To remove potentially competitive sinks of carbon and nitrogen, and to provide a host devoid of antibiotic activity, we deleted four endogenous secondary metabolite gene clusters from S. coelicolor M145 – those for actinorhodin, prodiginine, CPK and CDA biosynthesis. We then introduced point mutations into rpoB and rpsL to pleiotropically increase the level of secondary metabolite production. Introduction of the native actinorhodin gene cluster and of gene clusters for the heterologous production of chloramphenicol and congocidine revealed dramatic increases in antibiotic production compared with the parental strain. In addition to lacking antibacterial activity, the engineered strains possess relatively simple extracellular metabolite profiles. When combined with liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry, we believe that these genetically engineered strains will markedly facilitate the discovery of new compounds by heterologous expression of cloned gene clusters, particularly the numerous cryptic secondary metabolic gene clusters that are prevalent within actinomycete genome sequences.
The origin and evolution of a recent agricultural weed: population genetic diversity of weedy populations of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in Spain and France
Authors: Muller Marie‐Hélène , Latreille Muriel , Tollon Christine 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe recurrent evolution of crop‐related weeds during agricultural history raises serious economic problems and challenging scientific questions. Weedy forms of sunflower, a species native from America, have been reported in European sunflower fields for a few decades. In order to understand their origin, we analysed the genetic diversity of a sample of weedy populations from France and Spain, and of conventional and ornamental varieties. A crop‐specific maternally inherited marker was present in all weeds. At 16 microsatellite loci, the weedy populations shared most of their diversity with the conventional varieties. But they showed a large number of additional alleles absent from the cultivated pool. European weedy populations thus most probably originated from the unintentional pollination of maternal lines in seed production fields by wild plants growing nearby, resulting in the introduction of crop‐wild hybrids into the farmers’ fields. The wide diversity and the low population structure detected were indicative of a multiplicity of introductions events rather than of field‐to‐field propagation. Further studies are required to understand the local evolutionary dynamics of a weedy population, and especially the respective roles of crop‐to‐weed gene flow and selection in the fate of an initial source of crop‐wild hybrids.
Advancing the Science of Team Science
Authors: Falk‐Krzesinski Holly J. , Börner Katy , Contractor Noshir , Fiore Stephen M. , Hall Kara L. , Keyton Joann , Spring Bonnie , Stokols Daniel , Trochim William , Uzzi Brian 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe First Annual International Science of Team Science (SciTS) Conference was held in Chicago, IL April 22–24, 2010. This article presents a summary of the Conference proceedings. Clin Trans Sci 2010; Volume 3: 263–266.
Evaluation of Clinical Research Training Programs Using the Clinical Research Appraisal Inventory
Authors: Lipira Lauren , Jeffe Donna B. , Krauss Melissa , Garbutt Jane , Piccirillo Jay , Evanoff Bradley , Fraser Victoria 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to measure change in clinical research self‐efficacy after participating in KL2, postdoctoral and predoctoral clinical research training programs at Washington University School of Medicine. We surveyed program participants using a 76‐item version of the Clinical Research Appraisal Inventory (CRAI). Principal components analysis (PCA) examined the CRAI’s underlying factor structure; Cronbach alpha measured the internal consistency of items on each subscale and the overall CRAI. CRAI score changes from baseline to 1‐year follow‐up were assessed using repeated‐measures analysis of variance. All 29 KL2, 47 postdoctoral, and 31 TL1 scholars enrolled 2006–2009 (mean age 31.6 years, range 22–44; 59.6% female; 65.4% white) completed baseline surveys. Of these participants, 22 KL2, 17 postdoctoral, and 21 TL1 scholars completed the 1‐year follow‐up assessment. PCA resulted in a seven‐factor solution with 69 items (alphas > 0.849 for each subscale and 69‐item CRAI). Significant improvements at 1‐year follow‐up were observed across all programs for Study Design/Data Analysis (p= .016), Interpreting/Reporting/Presenting (p= .034), and overall CRAI (p= .050). Differences between programs were observed for all but one subscale (each p < .05). Clinical research self‐efficacy increased 1 year after clinical research training. Whether this short‐term outcome correlates with long‐term clinical research productivity, requires further study. Clin Trans Sci 2010; Volume 3: 243–248.
Facilitating Research Faculty Participation in CBPR: Development of a Model Based on Key Informant Interviews
Authors: Allen Michele L. , Culhane‐Pera Kathleen A. , Pergament Shannon L. , Call Kathleen T. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractCommunity‐based participatory research (CBPR) may enhance the translational research process; however, this would require increased institutional capacity for community engaged research. In this paper, we first present results of key informant interviews with academic health center faculty regarding facilitators to faculty participation in CBPR partnerships and then propose a model arising from these results describing how increased capacity may be achieved. Participants were 13 key informant faculty of varying levels of expertise in CBPR at a large university academic health center. Interviews were recorded and transcribed. A thematic content analysis of each interview was conducted by research team members. Facilitators reported by faculty representing five health science schools were grouped into five thematic areas: (1) researcher personal attributes including an innate orientation toward working with community, (2) positive attitudes toward collaboration, (3) a partnership‐building skill set, (4) community partners who are ready and eager to collaborate, and (5) supportive institutional policies and procedures. We propose a model describing the relationship between personal attributes, learned/environmental factors, and community facilitators that may be utilized to promote increased institutional capacity for CBPR and thus increase the likelihood of the successful translation of research findings into community settings. Clin Trans Sci 2010; Volume 3: 233–238.
The prevalence of rheumatoid factor isotypes and anti‐cyclic citrullinated peptides in Malaysian rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: GOMEZ Edmund Luke , GUN Suk Chyn , SOMNATH Sushela Devi , D’SOUZA Beryl , LIM Ai Lee , CHINNA Karuthan , RADHAKRISHNAN Ammu K 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAim:  The purpose of this study is to compare the prevalence of rheumatoid factor (RF) isotypes and second generation anti‐cyclic citrullinated peptides (anti‐CCP) in Malaysian rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.Methods:  In this cross‐sectional study, 147 established RA patients from three ethnic groups were recruited from a major rheumatology clinic in Malaysia. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for serum RF isotypes IgA, IgG and IgM as well as second‐generation anti‐CCP were performed and the prevalence of each auto‐antibody was compared in the three ethnic groups.Results:  The anti‐CCP was the most prevalent auto‐antibody in each of the ethnic groups, followed closely by RF IgM and RF IgG. Rheumatoid factor IgA was the least prevalent across all three ethnic groups. The anti‐CCP–RF IgM combination provided the best test sensitivity. Seroprevalence of anti‐CCP was strongly associated with the presence of each of the RF isotypes. The seroprevalence of RF and anti‐CCP did not increase or decrease with advancing age, age at onset and disease duration.Conclusion:  When used alone, anti‐CCP provides a diagnostic advantage over RF IgM on the basis of test sensitivity. Considering the high cost of the anti‐CCP assay, step‐wise serum testing with IgM RF followed by anti‐CCP may provide a more economically sensible option to optimize test sensitivity for RA.
Molecular typing of Escherichia coli strains associated with threatened sea ducks and near‐shore marine habitats of south‐west Alaska
Authors: Hollmén Tuula E. , DebRoy Chitrita , Flint Paul L. , Safine David E. , Schamber Jason L. , Riddle Ann E. , Trust Kimberly A. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryIn Alaska, sea ducks winter in coastal habitats at remote, non‐industrialized areas, as well as in proximity to human communities and industrial activity. We evaluated prevalence and characteristics of Escherichia coli strains in faecal samples of Steller's eiders (Polysticta stelleri; n = 122) and harlequin ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus; n = 21) at an industrialized site and Steller's eiders (n = 48) at a reference site, and compared these strains with those isolated from water samples from near‐shore habitats of ducks. The overall prevalence of E. coli was 16% and 67% in Steller's eiders and harlequin ducks, respectively, at the industrialized study site, and 2% in Steller's eiders at the reference site. Based on O and H antigen subtyping and genetic characterization by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction and pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis, we found evidence of avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) strains associated with both species and detected E. coli strains carrying virulence genes associated with mammals in harlequin ducks. Steller's eiders that carried APEC had lower serum total protein and albumin concentrations, providing further evidence of pathogenicity. The genetic profile of two E. coli strains from water matched an isolate from a Steller's eider providing evidence of transmission between near‐shore habitats and birds.