bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Detection of Catechol Based on As‐Grown and Nanograss Array Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrodes
Authors: Lv Mei , Wei Min , Rong Fei , Terashima Chiaki , Fujishima Akira , Gu Zhong‐Ze 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe electrochemical behavior of different redox systems and detection of catechol were performed on the as‐grown boron‐doped diamond (BDD) electrodes and the nanograss array BDD. Compared with as‐grown BDD, the electron transfer on the nanograss array BDD surface became slower toward the negatively charged Fe(CN)63−, whereas changed little toward the positively charged Ru(NH3)63+. The nanograss array BDD showed higher electrocatalytic activity toward the catechol detection than did the as‐grown BDD. Good linearity was observed for a concentration range from 5 to 100 μM with a sensitivity of 719.71 mA M−1 cm−2 and a detection limit of 1.3 μM on the nanograss array BDD.
Complexation of Hg2+with α‐Lipoic and Dihydrolipoic Acids: Study by Differential Pulse Voltammetry on Rotating Au‐Disk Electrode and ESI‐MS
Authors: Chekmeneva Elena , Díaz‐Cruz José Manuel , Ariño Cristina , Esteban Miquel 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe complexation of the natural antioxidants α‐lipoic acid (ALA) and its reduced form dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) with Hg2+was investigated by a recently proposed differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) method using the rotating Au‐disk electrode. Complexation processes are proposed from the multivariate curve resolution by alternating least squares (MCR‐ALS) analysis of DPV titration data. Main complexes were both 1 : 1 Hg : ALA and Hg : DHLA, although the formation of 1 : 2 complexes can be also deduced. ALA and DHLA show different Hg2+‐binding patterns at different pH. Voltammetric findings are completed with the data obtained by electrospray ionization mass‐spectrometry (ESI‐MS), especially in negative mode.
Direct Electrochemistry of Cholesterol Oxidase Immobilized on a Conducting Polymer: Application for a Cholesterol Biosensor
Authors: Abdelwahab Adel A. , Won Mi‐Sook , Shim Yoon‐Bo 
Published: October 2009

AbstractDirect electrochemistry of cholesterol oxidase (ChOx) immobilized on the conductive poly‐3′,4′‐diamine‐2,2′,5′,2″‐terthiophene (PDATT) was achieved and used to create a cholesterol biosensor. A well‐defined redox peak was observed, corresponding to the direct electron transfer of the FAD/FADH2 of ChOx, and the rate constant (ks) was determined to be 0.75 s−1. Glutathione (GSH) covalently bonded with PDATT was used as a matrix for conjugating AuNPs, ChOx, and MP, simultaneously. MP co‐immobilized with ChOx on the AuNPs‐GSH/PDATT exhibited an excellent amperometric response to cholesterol. The dynamic range was from 10 to 130 μM with a detection limit of 0.3±0.04 μM.
Electrochemical Biosensor Based on Carbon Ionic Liquid Electrode Modified with Nafion/Hemoglobin/DNA Composite Film
Authors: Sun Wei , Wang Yan , Li Xiaoqing , Wu Jie , Zhan Tianrong , Jiao Kui 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA new electrochemical biosensor was constructed by immobilization of hemoglobin (Hb) on a DNA modified carbon ionic liquid electrode (CILE), which was prepared by using 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMIMBF4) as the modifier. UV‐vis absorption spectroscopic result indicated that Hb remained its native conformation in the composite film. The fabricated Nafion/Hb/DNA/CILE was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). A pair of well‐defined redox peaks was obtained on the modified electrode, indicated that the Nafion and DNA composite film provided an excellent biocompatible microenvironment for keeping the native structure of Hb and promoting the direct electron transfer rate of Hb with the basal electrode. The electrochemical parameters of Hb in the composite film were further calculated with the results of the charge transfer coefficient (α) and the apparent heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant (ks) as 0.41 and 0.31 s−1. The proposed electrochemical biosensor showed good electrocatalytic response to the reduction of trichloroacetic acid (TCA), H2O2, NO$\rm{ {_{2}^{-}}}$ and the apparent Michaelis–Menten constant (KMapp) for the electrocatalytic reaction was calculated, respectively.
Electroanalytical Studies and Simultaneous Determination of Amlodipine Besylate and Atorvastatine Calcium in Binary Mixtures Using First Derivative of the Ratio‐Voltammetric Methods
Authors: Dogan‐Topal Burcu , Bozal Burcin , Demircigil B. Tolga , Uslu Bengi , Ozkan Sibel A. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe electrochemical behavior of atorvastatin and amlodipine at a glassy carbon electrode has been studied using different voltammetric techniques. First derivative of the ratio voltammetric methods for determination of amlodipine and atorvastatin in tablets in the presence of the other compound has been described. This technique depends on the measuring of first derivative of the ratio voltammograms of each concentration as a function of the increased concentrations. DP and SW voltammetric methods depend on first derivative of the ratio‐voltammetry by measurements of the selected potentials for amlodipine and atorvastatin. The linear response was within the range of 4×10−6–1×10−4 M for amlodipine and 2×10−6–1×10−4 M for atorvastatin. The proposed methods have been extensively validated.
Effect of soil texture, tailwater height, and pore‐water pressure on the morphodynamics of migrating headcuts in upland concentrated flows
Authors: Wells Robert R. , Bennett Sean J. , Alonso Carlos V. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractRill and gully erosion in upland and agricultural areas can result in significant soil degradation worldwide, and headcuts are the primary mechanism by which this landscape dissection occurs. Experiments were conducted to further examine the morphodynamic behavior of actively migrating headcuts in upland concentrated flows with varying boundary conditions. The effect of soil texture greatly modified the erodibility of the select soils, and headcut migration rates, scour depths, and sediment discharges were correlated to the critical shear stress and erodibility of the select soils. The effect of increasing tailwater height greatly reduced the nappe entry angle at the brink of the headcut, completely arresting the soil erosion processes. Altering subsurface pore‐water pressures markedly changed the erodibility coefficients of the select soil, which caused greater headcut migration rates and sediment discharges, yet shallower scour holes, in the presence of a subsurface water table. Current analytic formulations based on jet impingement theory successfully predicted these experimental observations, further demonstrating the utility of such analytic formulations in advancing watershed management technology. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Silica nanoparticles in high silica/alkali molar ratio solutions as fire‐retardant impregnants for woods
Authors: Giudice Carlos A. , Pereyra Andrea M. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to know the fire performance of wooden panels (Pinus radiata) impregnated with silica nanoparticles added to silica/alkali colloidal solutions. Two series of impregnated panels were prepared with diverse penetrations and retentions (a) after drying/curing the impregnants at laboratory conditions until reaching constant weight and (b) after finishing this stage with prior distiller water immersion for seven days and a later air exposition for attaining moisture balance. Panels were tested in a limiting oxygen chamber and in a two‐foot tunnel. Some results displayed a high fire‐retardant efficiency. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
K‐feldspar sand‐grain provenance in the Triassic, west of Shetland: distinguishing first‐cycle and recycled sediment sources?
Authors: Tyrrell Shane , Leleu Sophie , Souders A. Kate , Haughton Peter D.W. , Daly J. Stephen 
Published: October 2009

AbstractSandstone provenance studies can help constrain palaeogeographic reconstructions and ancient drainage system scales and pathways. However, these insights can be obscured by difficulties in geochemically distinguishing or adequately characterizing potential sourcelands, or by failure to identify sedimentary recycling. Triassic basins west of Shetland accumulated ∼2.5 km of sand‐rich sediment. The Middle‐Upper Triassic Foula Formation represents fluvial, aeolian and sabkha facies deposited in the northern interior of the Pangaean supercontinent. Published U‐Pb zircon geochronology and heavy mineral analysis suggest that these sandstones were derived from East Greenland. They contain significant fresh K‐feldspar which is likely to be first cycle and derived directly from its source. Pb isotopic analyses of individual K‐feldspar sand‐grains show a single, unradiogenic Pb population, consistent with the provenance indicated by U‐Pb zircon geochronology. Archaean and Palaeo‐Mesoproterozoic rocks—the Nagssugtoqidian Mobile Belt, the Lewisian Complex or equivalents—are the likely source, with terranes south of the Moine Thrust (Grampian, Caledonian and Variscan) ruled out by both the Pb and U‐Pb data. However, it is not possible to distinguish between rift flank sources to the east and west, as both areas have similar crustal affinity and/or share the same tectonic history. It is possible that the sediment was derived from the West Shetland Platform and not from Greenland. The comparison of provenance signals from robust and less stable mineral phases provides a means of recognizing sedimentary recycling. Robust zircon populations and less stable feldspar in Foula Formation sandstones concur in indicating the same source, suggesting that they are likely to be first cycle. The Triassic sand supply can be contrasted with that in Upper Carboniferous (Namurian) basins in the north of England where a significant zircon population has no corresponding K‐feldspar component. This zircon population is likely to have been recycled from Lower Palaeozoic greywackes from the Southern Uplands Belt or it's along strike extension. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synergistic therapeutic effects of combined adenovirus‐mediated interleukin‐10 and interleukin‐12 gene therapy on airway inflammation in asthmatic mice
Authors: Hsu Chih‐Yu , Eugene Liu H. , Sheu Feei‐Yi , Leu Sy‐Jye , Chiang Bor‐Luen , Hsiao George , Lee Yueh‐Lun 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBackgroundAsthma is a chronic disease characterized by airway inflammation caused by the dysregulated production of cytokines secreted by allergen‐specific type 2 T helper (Th2) cells. Although the Th1‐promoting cytokine, interleukin (IL)‐12, is capable of inhibiting Th2‐driven allergen‐induced airway changes in mice, IL‐12 also aggravates the Th1‐driven inflammatory pulmonary pathology. Further, IL‐10 was found to exert both anti‐inflammatory and immunoregulatory activities. To avoid the side‐effects of IL‐12, we hypothesized that the low‐dose expression of IL‐10 with concomitant IL‐12 administration in the airway may represent a more effective therapy for allergic airway diseases. Thus, the present study explored the immunomodulatory and therapeutic effects of IL‐10 combined with IL‐12 in airway inflammation in allergic asthma.MethodsAdenovirus‐expressing murine IL‐10 (Ad‐IL‐10) and IL‐12 (Ad‐IL‐12) were co‐administrated in an established murine model of ovalbumin (OVA)‐induced asthma.ResultsWe found that a single combined treatment of low doses of Ad‐IL‐10 and Ad‐IL‐12 efficiently inhibited the development of airway hyper‐responsiveness compared to Ad‐IL‐10 or Ad‐IL‐12 treatment alone. Moreover, both Ad‐IL‐10 and Ad‐IL‐12 treatment reduced pulmonary infiltration of eosinophils and neutrophils. In addition, histological studies showed that combined treatment was able to reduce tumor necrosis factor‐α‐mediated airway inflammation induced by IL‐12 treatment. Suppression of IL‐4, IL‐5, Keratinocyte‐derived chemokine (KC) and eotaxin in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was also noted in OVA‐immunized mice with combined Ad‐IL‐10 and Ad‐IL‐12 treatment.ConclusionsTaken together, the results obtained in the present study indicate that co‐administration of IL‐12 and IL‐10 may have therapeutic potential for the immunomodulatory treatment of allergic asthma. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On factors responsible for recent secular trend in the onset phase of monsoon intraseasonal oscillations
Authors: Goswami B. N. , Kulkarni J. R. , Mujumdar V. R. , Chattopadhyay R. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe timing of the dramatic ‘onset’ and subsequent northward progression of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) are unique features of the monsoon annual cycle and are strongly linked to planning of agricultural activity and water management. Here, we show that the northward propagation of the first episode of intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) associated with the onset phase of ISM has slowed down significantly during the past decade compared with prior decades. The slowdown is due to systematic weakening of two regional climatic features responsible for northward progression of the tropical convergence zone (TCZ) namely, the vertical easterly wind shear and the north–south gradient of the mean low‐level humidity around the equator. Eastward shift of the Walker circulation associated with increasing strength of El Ninos appears to be responsible for weakening of the vertical wind shear over Indian monsoon region. The slow northward propagation during recent decades leads to a climatological sub‐seasonal oscillation representing a predictable component of the onset phase of the ISM. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Effect of nitrogen forms and levels on β‐glucan accumulation in grains of oat (Avena sativa L.) plants
Authors: Fan Mingshou , Zhang Ziyi , Wang Fengmei , Li Zhen , Hu Yuncai 
Published: October 2009

AbstractOat consumption has been rapidly increased worldwide because its high β‐glucan concentration may lower the level of blood cholesterol. The rates of β‐glucan accumulation in two husk and two nude oats were determined with an interval of 5 d after anthesis in a pot experiment. The results showed that a higher nitrogen level increased oat grain yield per plant, thousand‐grain weight, and concentrations of protein and β‐glucan. β‐glucan concentration generally increased with development of grain after anthesis, whereas the accumulation rate of β‐glucan was greater at the early stage of grain development and reached a maximum around 25 d after anthesis. We also found a larger β‐glucan concentration when plants were grown with NO$ _3^- $‐N as compared to NH$ _4^+ $‐N. This study may suggest that the agronomic approaches such as nutrient management by optimizing the time and the level of nitrogen application and a higher ratio of NO$ _3^- $‐N to NH$ _4^+ $‐N can play an important role in enhancing β‐glucan concentration in oat grains.
Arsenic uptake is suppressed in a rice mutant defective in silicon uptake
Authors: Guo Wei , Zhang Jun , Teng Man , Wang Li H. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractPossible mechanisms of the effects of silicon (Si) on arsenic (As) uptake were explored using a wild‐type rice and its low‐Si mutant (lsi1). Hydroponic experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of internal and external Si on the As accumulation and uptake by rice in excised roots (28 d–old seedlings) and xylem sap (61 d–old plants). The presence of Si significantly decreased the As concentrations in both shoots and roots of the wild type but not in the mutant with 13.3 μM–arsenite or 10/20 μM–arsenate treatments. The Si‐defective mutant rice (lsi1) also showed a significant reduction in arsenite or arsenate uptake. Moreover, As concentrations in xylem sap of the wild type were reduced by 51% with 1 mM Si– and 15 μM–arsenate treatments, while Si had no effect on As concentrations in the xylem sap of the mutant. Arsenic‐species analysis further indicated that the addition of 1 mM Si significantly decreased As(III) concentrations but had little effect on As(V) concentrations in the xylem sap of the wild type with 15 μM–arsenate treatments. These results indicated that external Si‐mediated reduction in arsenite uptake by rice is due to the direct competition between Si and arsenite during uptake. This is because both share the same influx transporter Lsi1. In addition, internal Si‐mediated reduction in arsenite uptake by rice is due to competition of the Si/arsenite efflux transporter Lsi2 during the As(III)‐transportation process. Silicon also inhibited arsenate uptake by rice. It is proposed that this could actually be due not to the inhibition of arsenate uptake per se but rather the inhibition of arsenite transformed from arsenate, either in the external solution or in rice roots.
A multiobjective coverage‐based model for Civilian search and rescue
Authors: Asiedu Yaw , Rempel Mark 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe Civil Air Search and Rescue Association (CASARA) is a Canada‐wide volunteer aviation association that provides air search support services to the Canadian National Search and Rescue (SAR) program. As with any emergency service provider, the locations of CASARA units greatly impact their overall effectiveness. In this article, the optimal location of CASARA units is formulated as a multiobjective maximal covering location problem. The model addresses the objectives of maximizing the coverage, minimizing the number of units, and maximizing the backup coverage of SAR incidents within Canada. A multigender genetic algorithm is proposed to determine a set of nondominated CASARA location configurations. Results are compared with solutions found using commercial integer programming software. It is shown that the nondominated genetic algorithm solutions are near‐optimal. These are determined in much less time than comparable solutions using commercial integer programming software. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.* Naval Research Logistics, 2011
Quantitative analysis of safranal in saffron extract and nanoparticle formulation by a validated high‐performance thin‐layer chromatographic method†
Authors: Pathan Shadab Ahmad , Alam Sanjar , Jain Gaurav K. , Zaidi Syed M. A. , Akhter Sohail , Vohora Divya , Khar Roop K. , Ahmad Farhan J. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIntroduction – Safranal is an effective anticonvulsant shown to act as an agonist at GABAA receptors. Nose to brain delivery via nanoparticle formulation might improve its brain delivery. A selective and sensitive analytical method is required for evaluation of safranal‐based novel drug delivery systems.Objective – To develop and validate a high‐performance thin‐layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method for the quantitative analysis of safranal as bulk, in saffron extract and in developed safranal‐loaded nanoparticle formulation.Methodology – Chromatographic separation was achieved on silica gel pre‐coated TLC aluminium plates 60F‐254, using n‐hexane:ethyl acetate (9 : 1, v/v) as the mobile phase. Quantitative analysis was carried out by densitometry at a wavelength of 310 nm. The method was validated and applied to detect related impurities, to analyse safranal in saffron extract and to evaluate safranal‐loaded nanoparticles.Results – Compact spots of safranal were observed at Rf value 0.51 ± 0.02. The method was linear (r = 0.9991) between 0.5 and 5.0 μg/spot. The intra‐ and inter‐day precisions were 1.08–2.17 and 1. 86–3.47%, respectively. The limit of detection was 50 ng/spot and the limit of quantification was 150 ng/spot. The method proved to be accurate (recovery 97.4–102.0%) and was selective for safranal. Evaluation of safranal‐loaded nanoparticle formulation demonstrated drug loading of 23.0%, encapsulation efficiency of 42.0% and sustained drug release following biphasic pattern.Conclusion – The present method is useful for the quantitative and qualitative analysis of safranal and safranal‐loaded nanoparticle formulation. It provides significant advantages in terms of greater specificity and rapid analysis. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficacy of iterative learning control for stroke rehabilitation
Authors: Hughes Ann‐Marie , Burridge Jane , Freeman Chris , Chappell Paul , Lewin Paul , Donovan‐Hall Maggie , Dibb Bridget , Rogers Eric 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn the April 2008 issue of Progress,we featured an article describing a new technique for improving arm movement following stroke developed at the University of Southampton.The technique involves the use of a robotic workstation delivering precisely controlled electrical stimulation mediated by iterative learning control to improve task performance.Here,the scientists who developed the system discuss the promising results of their pilot clinical study using this technique. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Interface Ltd
A Thermal Decomposition Model of Aminoguanidium 5,5′‐Azobis‐1H‐Tetrazolate and the Effect of Pressure and Particle Size on the Rate of Decomposition
Authors: Miyata Yasuyoshi , Hasue Kazuo 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe temperature histories of aminoguanidinium 5,5′‐azobis‐1H‐tetrazolate (C4H14N18, AGAT) were measured in order to construct a thermal decomposition model of the compound. The effects of chamber pressure and AGAT particle size were also examined. The results of the study suggest that the thermal decomposition of AGAT occurs in three phases: solid phase, condensed phase, and residue. It was found that the condensed phase consists of decomposition zone I where dramatic temperature rise occurs, decomposition zone II where gradual temperature rise occurs, and the cooling zone where decomposition and temperature stop rising. It was also suggested that the temperature of the decomposition surface which is the interface of the solid phase and the condensed phase was ∼500 K, and that N2 and NH3 were suggested to occur in the vicinity of the decomposition surface of decomposition zone I. In addition, it was suggested that the thickness of the decomposition zones I and II decreases and that the maximum‐temperature‐reached increases with an increase in atmospheric pressure. The rate of decomposition of AGAT was found to follow Vieille's equation and the rate of decomposition increases with an increase in pressure. The rate of decomposition increased slightly with an increase in particle size.