bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Duration of New-Onset Depressive Symptoms During Medical Residency
Authors: Kim Erin , Sinco Brandy R. , Zhao Joan , Fang Yu , Cunningham Carrie , Frank Elena , Sen Srijan , Bohnert Amy , Hughes Tasha M. 
Published: June 2024

ImportanceThe implications of new-onset depressive symptoms during residency, particularly for first-year physicians (ie, interns), on the long-term mental health of physicians are unknown.ObjectiveTo examine the association between and persistence of new-onset and long-term depressive symptoms among interns.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThe ongoing Intern Health Study (IHS) is a prospective annual cohort study that assesses the mental health of incoming US-based resident physicians. The IHS began in 2007, and a total of 105 residency programs have been represented in this national study. Interns enrolled sequentially in annual cohorts and completed follow-up surveys to screen for depression using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) throughout and after medical training. The data were analyzed from May 2023 to March 2024.ExposureA positive screening result for depression, defined as an elevated PHQ-9 score of 10 or greater (indicating moderate to severe depression) at 1 or more time points during the first postgraduate year of medical training (ie, the intern year).Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcomes assessed were mean PHQ-9 scores (continuous) and proportions of physicians with an elevated PHQ-9 score (≥10; categorical or binary) at the time of the annual follow-up survey. To account for repeated measures over time, a linear mixed model was used to analyze mean PHQ-9 scores and a generalized estimating equation (GEE) was used to analyze the binary indicator for a PHQ-9 score of 10 or greater.ResultsThis study included 858 physicians with a PHQ-9 score of less than 10 before the start of their internship. Their mean (SD) age was 27.4 (9.0) years, and more than half (53.0% [95% CI, 48.5%-57.5%]) were women. Over the follow-up period, mean PHQ-9 scores did not return to the baseline level assessed before the start of the internship in either group (those with a positive depression screen as interns and those without). Among interns who screened positive for depression (PHQ-9 score ≥10) during their internship, mean PHQ-9 scores were significantly higher at both 5 years (4.7 [95% CI, 4.4-5.0] vs 2.8 [95% CI, 2.5-3.0]; P &amp;lt; .001) and 10 years (5.1 [95% CI, 4.5-5.7] vs 3.5 [95% CI, 3.0-4.0]; P &amp;lt; .001) of follow-up. Furthermore, interns with an elevated PHQ-9 score (≥10) demonstrated a higher likelihood of meeting this threshold during each year of follow-up.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of IHS participants, a positive depression screening result during the intern year had long-term implications for physicians, including having persistently higher mean PHQ-9 scores and a higher likelihood of meeting this threshold again. These findings underscore the pressing need to address the mental health of physicians who experience depressive symptoms during their training and to emphasize the importance of interventions to sustain the health of physicians throughout their careers.
Adaptive position control using backstepping technique for the leader‐follower multiple quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle formation
Authors: Song Xia , Shen Lihua , Chen Fuyang 
Published: June 2024

SummaryThis article addresses the position control issue of multi‐quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle (QUAV) formation. Concerning the translational dynamic of a multi‐QUAV system, on the one hand, it is an under‐actuation dynamic; on the other hand, it does not satisfy the matching condition. These features will cause inevitable thorny in the formation position control design. Furthermore, because of the state coupling problem, the formation control of multi‐QUAV system is more challenging and knotty than the control of single QUAV system. To achieve this control, both backstepping technique and neural network (NN) approximation strategy are combined by introducing an intermediary control, where NN is employed to compensate the system uncertainty. However, since the traditional adaptive NN control methods need to train a large number of adaptive parameters for the high approximation accuracy, it will cause the heavy computing burden if traditional adaptive method is used for the QUAV formation control. The proposed adaptive NN strategy in this paper only requires training a scalar adaptive parameter, which is generated from the norm of NN weight vector or matrix, thereby significantly reducing computational burden. Finally, according to Lyapunov stability proof and computer simulation, it is demonstrated that the control tasks can be successfully accomplished.
High Thermal Conductivity of Liquid Crystal Elastomer for Stress‐Less Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Ma Yabin , You Jiaxue , Zhang Lu , Chen Ran , Zeng Hanqing , Ge Jinghao , Li Kun , Ma Xiaokang , Jen Alex K.‐Y. , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFlexible perovskite solar cells (FPSCs) have gained considerable attention for potential applications in portable and wearable electronics. However, the design principles governing FPSCs remain incompletely understood. In this study, two critical factors—thermal conductivity and elastic modulus—that significantly influence the thermal and mechanical stabilities of FPSCs are identified. Achieving stress‐less conditions is crucial for enhancing the performance of FPSCs. To address this, a liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) is employed as a buffer interlayer to effectively mitigate residual thermal stress. This is achieved by improving the thermal conductivity of the electron transport layer from 0.76 to 1.07 W mK−1 and softening the perovskite layer, reducing the Young's modulus from 50 to 42 GPa. The optimized thin films are utilized in both rigid and flexible PSCs, resulting in efficiencies of 24.5% and 22.8%, respectively. Remarkably, these devices demonstrated excellent thermal stability, with unpackaged LCE rigid PSCs retaining 85.6% of their initial efficiency after 504 h of aging at 85 °C. Moreover, robust mechanical stability in FPSCs is exhibited, with 88.4% of the original efficiency retained after 5400 bending cycles. This investigation elucidates the profound impact of thermal conductivity and Young's modulus on the efficiency and stability of flexible electronics.
3D‐Printed Porous Organic Cages for Gas Filtration: Fabrication and Flow Simulations
Authors: Ling Bin , Agrawal Rishav , He Donglin , Poole Robert J. , Cooper Andrew I. , Liu Ming , García‐Tuñón Esther 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPorous organic cages (POCs) are a class of emerging porous materials with high porosity and selectivity for gas adsorption and separation. As a representative of first‐generation POCs, the cage molecule CC3, has huge potential for separating noble gases and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). 3D printing CC3 using direct ink writing (DIW) offers significant advantages to build complex structures. Through rational design, formulations that are both printable and functional are achieved. Optimised formulations have the elasto‐visco‐plastic behavior required while retaining the functional properties of the cages. The characterization of printed parts evidence that the CC3 structure and adsorption capacity are well preserved. BET surface areas vary with CC3 concentration and can reach up to ≈249 m2 g−1 for 70 wt% CC3. However, high CC3 content leads to a decrease in shrinkage, higher porosity, and low compressive strength ≈0.7 MPa. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used to investigate the gas flow behavior through grid‐type structures with tailored geometric parameters. The results reveal that changing the offset distance and porosity manipulates the flow path, velocity distribution, and pressure drop. This work provides a pathway to design and fabricate structures with multi‐scale porosity that can be widely used for other functional materials and applications.
Without Dissolvent: Fast Inducing Cable‐Like Sb2S3@C from Natural Minerals with Enhanced Preferential Planes and Sulfur‐Defects Toward High‐Rate Properties
Authors: Yuan Zhengqiao , Zhao Wenqing , Zeng Zihao , Li Jiexiang , Wang Bin , Lei Hai , Yang Yue , Ge Peng , Ji Xiaobo , Sun Wei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDeveloping novel anodes with outstanding fast‐charging properties is crucial for next‐generation energy storage research. Sb2S3 materials are deemed promising electrodes due to their high theoretical specific capacity. However, they are restricted by sluggish bulk‐phase kinetics, bringing about inferior electronic conductivity at high current density. In this work, the cable‐like SS@C‐x anodes are successfully prepared via the thermal‐chemical treatment method. Through the tailoring of habit modifiers, their unique core–shell architectures are induced with (hk1) preferential planes and the construction of S‐defects, accompanied by lowered energy barriers. Meanwhile, assisted by C─S and C─O─Sb bonds, the charge accumulation on the surface can be rapidly released toward the bulk phase. As expected, for the as‐optimized samples, the capacity of 603.7 mAh g−1 can remain after 100 cycles at 1.0 A g−1. Even at 10.0 A g−1, their superior capacity of 436.1 mAh g−1 can be noted, and it still displayed the reversible capacity of 479 mAh g−1 at −5 °C. Assisted by kinetic analysis, the great electrochemical properties mainly come from the reduced migration energy barriers and accelerated Li+ diffusion rates. Given this, the work is expected to shed light on crystal orientation tuning and defect engineering for advanced metal‐based energy storage materials.
Valence Engineering Boosts Kinetics and Storage Capacity of Layered Double Hydroxides for Aqueous Magnesium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Kou Weizhi , Fang Zhitang , Ding Hongzhi , Luo Wei , Liu Cong , Peng Luming , Guo Xuefeng , Ding Weiping , Hou Wenhua 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe kinetics and storage‐capacity of NiCoMg‐ternary layered double hydroxide (NiCoMg‐LDH) are successfully boosted by valence engineering. As the cathode for aqueous magnesium‐ion batteries (AMIBs), the assembled NiCoMg‐LDH//active carbon (AC) delivers a high specific discharge capacity (121.0 mAh·g−1 at 0.2 A·g−1), long‐term cycling stability (85% capacity retention after 2000 cycles at 1.0 A·g−1) and an excellent performance at −30 °C. Moreover, NiCoMg‐LDH//perylenediimide (PTCDI) is assembled, achieving a high specific discharge capacity and long‐term cycling stability. X‐ray absorption spectra (XAS)/X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses and Density functional theory (DFT) calculations disclose that the electrons are redistributed due to the 3d orbital overlap of Co/Ni atoms in NiCoMg‐LDH, which obviously reduces the valence states of Co/Ni atoms, enhances Mg─O bond strength and degree of hybridization of Co/Ni 3d and O 2p orbitals. Hence, the electronic conductivity is significantly enhanced and the electrostatic repulsion between Mg2+ and host layers is greatly reduced, giving rise to the improved diffusion kinetics and storage‐capacity of Mg2+. Furthermore, in situ Raman/X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and ex situ XPS reveal corresponding energy‐storage mechanism. This paper not only demonstrates the feasibility of LDHs as cathode for AMIBs, but also offers a new modification method of valence engineering for high‐performance electrode materials.
Coaxial‐Spun Hollow Liquid Crystal Elastomer Fiber as a Versatile Platform for Functional Composites
Authors: Li Mingzhe , Gholami Farzad , Yue Liang , Fratarcangeli Marcus R. , Black Elias , Shimokawa Shinnosuke , Nomura Tsuyoshi , Tanaka Masato , Kobayashi Hiroki , Song Yuyang , Qi H. Jerry 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe design and engineering of liquid crystal elastomers (LCE) composites for enhanced multifunctionality and responsiveness is highly desired. Here, a hollow LCE (h‐LCE) fiber fabricated via coaxial spinning, enabling the straightforward yet effective creation of functional LCE composites, is reported. Inspired by the fiber‐tubule architecture in skeletal muscles, the hollow fiber features an LCE outer shell for programmable actuation and an inner channel allowing for the integration of a variety of functional media. Thus, the h‐LCE fiber can serve as a versatile platform for multifunctionalities in LCE composites. With this unique design strategy, h‐LCE fibers are fabricated with lengths exceeding 3 meters in the lab with outer and inner diameters as small as 250 mm and 120 µm, respectively. The versatility of these h‐LCE fibers across various applications are further demonstrated, from fast‐response stiffness‐tunable actuators by integrating water flow as triggering media and shape memory polymer (SMP) for enhanced mechanical properties, to electrically driven actuating systems through the incorporation of liquid metal, and actuating light‐guides by combining SMP and PDMS optical fiber. The conception of h‐LCE fiber not only advances the design of multifunctional LCE composites but also paves the way for their application in soft robotics, artificial muscles, and beyond.
Heterostructure Interface Construction of Cobalt/Molybdenum Selenides toward Ultra‐Stable Sodium‐Ion Half/Full Batteries
Authors: Li Junhui , He Yanyan , Dai Yuxin , Zhang Haozhe , Zhang Yixuan , Gu Shaonan , Wang Xiao , Gao Tingting , Zhou Guowei , Xu Liqiang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTransition metal selenides (TMSes) are considered promising candidates for the anodes of sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) due to their substantial theoretical capacity. However, TMSes still face with inferior cycling lifespan caused by sluggish Na+ diffusion kinetics and vigorous volume variations during dis/charge processes. Engineering heterostructure is an attractive solution for rapid Na+ transfer, and introducing carbonaceous materials also facilitates enhanced conductivity and structural stability. Herein, CoSe/MoSe2 heterostructure combined with homogeneous carbon composites are rational designed. The kinetic analysis and theoretical calculations verified that heterointerface engineering induced build‐in electric field effect can amplifies the Na+ diffusion kinetics, while carbon contributes to enhanced electrical conductivity and structural stability. Expectedly, the CoSe/MoSe2‐C exhibits high capacity and extremely ultra‐long lifespan (320.9 mAh g−1 at 2.0 A g−1 over 10,000 cycles with an average decay of only 0.01781 mAh g−1 per cycle). Furthermore, in situ X‐ray diffraction (XRD), ex situ X‐ray photoelectorn (XPS), and high‐resolution electron microscopy (HRTEM) are exploited to explore the Na+ storage mechanism. In addition, the Na3V2(PO4)3@rGO//CoSe/MoSe2‐C (NVP@rGO//CoSe/MoSe2‐C) pouch‐type full‐cells are successfully assembled and delivered satisfactory performance. This research presents a viable strategy for the targeted engineering of TMSes aimed at enhancing the efficiency of SIBs.
Natural MOF‐Like Photocatalytic Nanozymes Alleviate Tumor Pressure for Enhanced Nanodrug Penetration
Authors: Li Anshuo , Li Yifei , Jia Yanmin , He Yuchu , Yuan Meng , Hao Zining , He Yaqian , Fu Yihan , Zhang Jinhui , Gao Dawei , Zhang Xuwu , Jiang Xinquan , Tu Wenkang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn oncological nanomedicine, overcoming the dual‐phase high interstitial pressure in the tumor microenvironment is pivotal for enhancing the penetration and efficacy of nanotherapeutics. The elevated tumor interstitial solid pressure (TISP) is largely attributed to the overaccumulation of collagen in the extracellular matrix, while the increased tumor interstitial fluid pressure (TIFP) stems from the accumulation of fluid due to the aberrant vascular architecture. In this context, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with catalytic efficiency have shown potential in degrading tumor interstitial components, thereby reducing interstitial pressure. However, the potential biotoxicity of the organic components of MOFs limits their clinical translation. To circumvent this, a MOF‐like photocatalytic nanozyme, RPC@M, using naturally derived cobalt phytate (CoPA) and resveratrol (Res) is developed. This nanozyme not only facilitates the decomposition of water in the tumor interstitium under photoactivation to reduce TIFP, but also generates an abundance of reactive oxygen species through its peroxidase‐like activity to exert cytotoxic effects on tumor cells. Moreover, Res contributes to the reduction of collagen deposition, thereby lowering TISP. The concurrent diminution of both TISP and TIFP by RPC@M leads to enhanced tumor penetration and potent antitumor activity, presenting an innovative approach in constructing tumor therapeutic nanozymes from natural products.
Sialic Acids Blockade‐Based Chemo‐Immunotherapy Featuring Cancer Cell Chemosensitivity and Antitumor Immune Response Synergies
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Li Zi‐Yi , Xiao Jia‐Heng , Hao Peng‐Fei , Mo Juan , Zheng Xiu‐Jing , Geng Yi‐Qun , Ye Xin‐Shan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractImmune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has significantly improved the prognosis of patients with cancer, although the majority of such patients achieve low response rates; consequently, new therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. The upregulation of sialic acid‐containing glycans is a common characteristic of cancer‐related glycosylation, which drives disease progression and immune escape via numerous pathways. Herein, the development of self‐assembled core–shell nanoscale coordination polymer nanoparticles loaded with a sialyltransferase inhibitor, referred to as NCP‐STI which effectively stripped diverse sialoglycans from cancer cells, providing an antibody‐independent pattern to disrupt the emerging Siglec‐sialic acid glyco‐immune checkpoint is reported. Furthermore, NCP‐STI inhibits sialylation of the concentrated nucleoside transporter 1 (CNT1), promotes the intracellular accumulation of anticancer agent gemcitabine (Gem), and enhances Gem‐induced immunogenic cell death (ICD). As a result, the combination of NCP‐STI and Gem (NCP‐STI/Gem) evokes a robust antitumor immune response and exhibits superior efficacy in restraining the growth of multiple murine tumors and pulmonary metastasis. Collectively, the findings demonstrate a novel form of small molecule‐based chemo‐immunotherapy approach which features sialic acids blockade that enables cooperative effects of cancer cell chemosensitivity and antitumor immune responses for cancer treatment.
Photonics for Neuromorphic Computing: Fundamentals, Devices, and Opportunities
Authors: Li Renjie , Gong Yuanhao , Huang Hai , Zhou Yuze , Mao Sixuan , Wei Zhijian , Zhang Zhaoyu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn the dynamic landscape of Artificial Intelligence (AI), two notable phenomena are becoming predominant: the exponential growth of large AI model sizes and the explosion of massive amount of data. Meanwhile, scientific research such as quantum computing and protein synthesis increasingly demand higher computing capacities. As the Moore's Law approaches its terminus, there is an urgent need for alternative computing paradigms that satisfy this growing computing demand and break through the barrier of the von Neumann model. Neuromorphic computing, inspired by the mechanism and functionality of human brains, uses physical artificial neurons to do computations and is drawing widespread attention. This review studies the expansion of optoelectronic devices on photonic integration platforms that has led to significant growth in photonic computing, where photonic integrated circuits (PICs) have enabled ultrafast artificial neural networks (ANN) with sub‐nanosecond latencies, low heat dissipation, and high parallelism. In particular, various technologies and devices employed in neuromorphic photonic AI accelerators, spanning from traditional optics to PCSEL lasers are examined. Lastly, it is recognized that existing neuromorphic technologies encounter obstacles in meeting the peta‐level computing speed and energy efficiency threshold, and potential approaches in new devices, fabrication, materials, and integration to drive innovation are also explored. As the current challenges and barriers in cost, scalability, footprint, and computing capacity are resolved one‐by‐one, photonic neuromorphic systems are bound to co‐exist with, if not replace, conventional electronic computers and transform the landscape of AI and scientific computing in the foreseeable future.
Interface‐Mediated Neurogenic Signaling: The Impact of Surface Geometry and Chemistry on Neural Cell Behavior for Regenerative and Brain–Machine Interfacing Applications
Authors: Sands Ian , Demarco Ryan , Thurber Laura , Esteban‐Linares Alberto , Song Dong , Meng Ellis , Chen Yupeng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNanomaterial advancements have driven progress in central and peripheral nervous system applications such as tissue regeneration and brain–machine interfacing. Ideally, neural interfaces with native tissue shall seamlessly integrate, a process that is often mediated by the interfacial material properties. Surface topography and material chemistry are significant extracellular stimuli that can influence neural cell behavior to facilitate tissue integration and augment therapeutic outcomes. This review characterizes topographical modifications, including micropillars, microchannels, surface roughness, and porosity, implemented on regenerative scaffolding and brain–machine interfaces. Their impact on neural cell response is summarized through neurogenic outcome and mechanistic analysis. The effects of surface chemistry on neural cell signaling with common interfacing compounds like carbon‐based nanomaterials, conductive polymers, and biologically inspired matrices are also reviewed. Finally, the impact of these extracellular mediated neural cues on intracellular signaling cascades is discussed to provide perspective on the manipulation of neuron and neuroglia cell microenvironments to drive therapeutic outcomes.
Recent Advances in Carbazole‐Based Self‐Assembled Monolayer for Solution‐Processed Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Han Peng , Zhang Yong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSelf‐assembled molecules (SAMs) have shown great potential in the application of optoelectronic devices due to their unique molecular properties. Recently, emerging phosphonic acid‐based SAMs, 2‐(9Hcarbazol‐9‐yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid (2PACz), have successfully applied in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), organic solar cells (OSCs) and perovskite light emitting diodes (PeLEDs). More importantly, impressive results based on 2PACz SAMs are reported recently in succession. Therefore, it is essential to provide an insightful summary to promote it further development. In this review, the molecule design strategies about 2PACz are first concluded. Subsequently, this work systematically reviews the recent advances of 2PACz and its derivatives for single junction PSCs, tandem PSCs, OSCs and PeLEDs. Finally, this work concludes and discusses future challenges for 2PACz and its derivatives to further develop in optoelectronic devices.