bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of QRS misclassifications on heart-rate-variability parameters (results from the CARLA cohort study)
Authors: Sauerbier Frank , Haerting Johannes , Sedding Daniel , Mikolajczyk Rafael , Werdan Karl , Nuding Sebastian , Greiser Karin H. , Swenne Cees A. , Kors Jan A. , Kluttig Alexander 
Published: June 2024

Background
Heart rate variability (HRV), an important marker of autonomic nervous system activity, is usually determined from electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings corrected for extrasystoles and artifacts. Especially in large population-based studies, computer-based algorithms are used to determine RR intervals. The Modular ECG Analysis System MEANS is a widely used tool, especially in large studies. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate MEANS for its ability to detect non-sinus ECG beats and artifacts and to compare HRV parameters in relation to ECG processing. Additionally, we analyzed how ECG processing affects the statistical association of HRV with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors.

Methods
20-min ECGs from 1,674 subjects of the population-based CARLA study were available for HRV analysis. All ECGs were processed with the ECG computer program MEANS. A reference standard was established by experienced clinicians who visually inspected the MEANS-processed ECGs and reclassified beats if necessary. HRV parameters were calculated for 5-minute segments selected from the original 20-minute ECG. The effects of misclassified typified normal beats on i) HRV calculation and ii) the associations of CVD risk factors (sex, age, diabetes, myocardial infarction) with HRV were modeled using linear regression.

Results
Compared to the reference standard, MEANS correctly classified 99% of all beats. The averaged sensitivity of MEANS across all ECGs to detect non-sinus beats was 76% [95% CI: 74.1;78.5], but for supraventricular extrasystoles detection sensitivity dropped to 38% [95% CI: 36.8;38.5]. Time-domain parameters were less affected by false sinus beats than frequency parameters. Compared to the reference standard, MEANS resulted in a higher SDNN on average (mean absolute difference 1.4ms [95% CI: 1.0;1.7], relative 4.9%). Other HRV parameters were also overestimated as well (between 6.5 and 29%). The effect estimates for the association of CVD risk factors with HRV did not differ between the editing methods.

Conclusion
We have shown that the use of the automated MEANS algorithm may lead to an overestimation of HRV due to the misclassification of non-sinus beats, especially in frequency domain parameters. However, in population-based studies, this has no effect on the observed associations of HRV with risk factors, and therefore an automated ECG analyzing algorithm as MEANS can be recommended here for the determination of HRV parameters.
HIV self-test performance evaluation among priority populations in rural Mozambique: Results from a community-based observational study
Authors: De Schacht Caroline , Lucas Carlota , Paulo Paula , Naftal Fernando Anibal , Ernesto Chinai Jalilo , Silva Wilson P. , Amane Guita , Sultane Thebora , Honwana Nely , Malimane Inacio , Couto Aleny , Yu Zhihong , Wester C. William 
Published: June 2024

Background
In 2021, Mozambique initiated community-based oral HIV self-testing (HIVST) to increase testing access and uptake among priority groups, including adult males, adolescents, and young adults. Within an HIVST pilot project, we conducted a performance evaluation assessing participants’ ability to successfully conduct HIVST procedures and interpret results.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was performed between February-March 2021 among employees, students (18–24 years of age), and community members, using convenience sampling, in two rural districts of Zambézia Province, Mozambique. We quantified how well untrained users performed procedures for the oral HIVST (Oraquick®) through direct observation using a structured checklist, from which we calculated an HIVST usability index (scores ranging 0–100%). Additionally, participants interpreted three previously processed anonymous HIVST results. False reactive and false non-reactive interpretation results were presented as proportions. Bivariate analysis was conducted using Chi-square and Fisher exact tests.

Results
A total of 312 persons participated (131[42%] community members, 71[23%] students, 110[35%] employees); 239 (77%) were male; the mean age was 28 years (standard deviation 10). Average usability index scores were 80% among employees, 86% among students, and 77% among community members. Main procedural errors observed included “incorrect tube positioning” (49%), “incorrect specimen collection” (43%), and “improper waiting time for result interpretation” (42%). From the presented anonymous HIVST results, 75% (n = 234) correctly interpreted all three results, while 9 (3%) of study participants failed to correctly interpret any results. Overall, 36 (12%) gave a false non-reactive result interpretation, 21 (7%) a false reactive result interpretation, and 14 (4%) gave both false non-reactive and false reactive result interpretations. Community members generally had lower performance.

Conclusions
Despite some observed testing procedural errors, most users could successfully perform an HIVST. Educational sessions at strategic places (e.g., schools, workplaces), and support via social media and hotlines, may improve HIVST performance quality, reducing the risk of incorrect interpretation.
Financial Literacy as Part of Empowerment Education for Later Life: A Spectrum of Perspectives, Challenges and Implications for Individuals, Educators and Policymakers in the Modern Digital Economy
Authors: Akbaş Müzeyyen Çiğdem , Seedsman Terence 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This contemporary-based essay provides a case for a life course approach to financial literacy education that offers a pathway for individuals to enter their later years with improved levels of financial security and savings. Financial security in older age is seen as an important factor in promoting social connectedness with implications for (a) health and well-being in later life and (b) reducing social isolation and loneliness among older people. Financial literacy is presented within the context of an ongoing life skill requiring early habit building with the need for episodic updating in light of new information and changing life circumstances. Embedding financial literacy education within a life course framework is seen as offering the opportunity to gain economic empowerment leading to long-term financial stability and independence. The notion of economic empowerment is considered as an equal right for both men and women and warrants attention by educators and policymakers to address gender-related disparities in economic security. The increasing numbers of people expected to live longer lives will create an urgent need for early planning actions to achieve financial security in older age.
Dynamic evolution of residual stress upon manufacturing Al-based diesel engine diaphragm
Authors: Li Guodong , Zhou Xiaosheng , Zhang Li , Du YunFei , Zhang Dong 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
As a thin-walled complex structure, the manufacturing of Al-based diesel engine diaphragms involves casting and heat treatment. Residual stress is introduced during the uneven temperature field in casting and heat treatment, as well as the plastic deformation and cutting heat during mechanical processing. This research investigates the evolution and accumulation models of residual stress in casting and heat treatment for Al-based diesel engine diaphragms using ProCAST and ABAQUS software, combining with the experimental tests. To mitigate residual stress, the optimal parameter combination for casting temperature, knockout temperature, and mold preheating temperature in casting process is explored. The results indicate that the knockout temperature has the most significant influence on casting residual stress, and mold preheating is beneficial for reducing residual stress. Despite improvements, some internal stress concentration areas persist on the knockout casting surface. Furthermore, T6 heat treatment proves to be effective in eliminating more than 50% of the residual stress.
Directives and references in selected coronavirus-motivated internet memes
Authors: Osisanwo Ayo , Falade Toluwalope Mary 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The use of directives in communicating the nature of the pandemic and reference to social experiences were promoted using images on social media platforms. The images or memes are used to create awareness and reinforce the criteria for safety during the pandemic. Previous studies on internet memes have concentrated on humor generation, speaker-hearer shared knowledge, neologism, and multimodality among others, with insufficient attention paid to the use of directives and references in such coronavirus-motivated memes. This paper, therefore, examines how directives and references are employed in conveying expected social responsibilities through coronavirus-motivated internet memes in Nigeria and other socio-cultural contexts. For data, one hundred coronavirus-motivated memes were purposively selected from Facebook, and eight representative memes were subjected to pragmatic analysis using aspects of Jacob Mey’s (2001. Pragmatics: An introduction, 2nd edn. USA: Blackwell Publishing) pragmatic acts theory to unearth insights from them. The paper observes that the various spheres of life that are relatable to an online audience help to express what the pandemic is about and enhance the meaning of the pandemic with the context of the use of the memes, giving clearer perspectives on the pandemic. Directives and references are useful tools for conveying social responsibilities to online audience.
Identification of GNB1 as a downstream effector of the circRNA-0133711/miR-145-5p axis involved in breast cancer proliferation and metastasis
Authors: Zou Huimei , Chen Peilei , Li Zhongkui , Yan Tingliang , Cui Daolin , Gong Lei , Fang Jie , Ren Yu , Chen Min , Yu Jie , Yu Jun , Luo Juan , Zhang Fan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Despite the involvement of the G protein beta-1 (GNB1) protein in various cancer types, its relationship to breast tumours is presently uncertain. This research focused on the expression of GNB1 in breast cancer and its possible biological ramifications in an effort to explain this confusion.

Methods
The expression levels of GNB1 in adjacent normal tissues and breast cancer were compared. We next constructed GNB1-overexpressed or -knockdown MDA-MB-231 cell lines in order to clarify GNB1’s function in breast cancer. We used colony-formation assays, CCK-8 assays, xenograft models, and transwell migration/invasion assays to evaluate the effect of GNB1 on tumorigenicity, migration, and invasion. Moreover, we used western blot analysis to investigate the significance of FAK/mTOR signalling in GNB1-regulated tumour stimulatory effects in breast cancer. Finally, we investigated the upstream regulatory signaling of GNB1 using luciferase reporter and functional repair assays.

Results
When comparing human breast cancer specimens to specimens of normal tissue, we discovered that GNB1 was noticeably overexpressed. This phenotype was also found to be substantially associated with unfavourable clinical outcomes. Functional research findings indicate that elevated expression of GNB1 stimulated the proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer cells. Additionally, we discovered that GNB1 activated the FAK/mTOR signalling cascade by directly inducing the phosphorylation of the FAK protein through specific contacts. According to the results of the RNA pull-down assays and dual-luciferase reporter, we concluded that circRNA-0133711 functions as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) that sequesters miR-145-5p and thereby relieves its repressive effect on GNB1 expression.

Conclusions
Collectively, our research findings elucidate the hitherto unexplored important role of the circRNA-0133711/miR-145-5p/GNB1 axis in the formation of breast cancer, and provide a new biomarker for clinical diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer.
Gewinnung und Bindung von Fachkräften
Authors: Friedel Andreas 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Recruiting and retaining skilled workers is a concern for all employers. This article presents a benchmark procedure that gives manufacturing companies the opportunity to learn from each other regarding this concern in a methodically structured way. The evaluation basis for the benchmark and the requirements for its organization are presented and explained for this purpose. Finally, the application of the benchmark procedure is shown as an example.
Thermal explosions in (Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta) carbon mixtures
Authors: Vadchenko S. G. , Sedegov A. S. , Kovalev I. D. 
Published: June 2024

This research focuses on investigating the ignition and thermal explosion behavior of (Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta) + 5C mixtures that have been mechanically activated. First, we mechanically activated the metal powder mixtures to produce composite particles consisting of Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, and Ta, followed by the addition of carbon, and re-activation. An activation time of 120 min at 347 rpm resulted in the formation of solid solutions from the metals in the mixture, while large tantalum particles were preserved. The resulting mixtures were then pressed into pellets, which were heated in argon until ignition occurred. The ignition process involves multiple phases, with the first being inert heating, followed by progressive heating at t = 420÷450 °C, and a subsequent endothermic phase transformation at 750–770 °C. The temperature then rises rapidly, resulting in a thermal explosion that forms complex carbides, leaving some unreacted tantalum behind. The (Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta)C5 activated mixtures and high entropy solid solution are unstable and release titanium and zirconium carbides when heated above 1300 °C, causing changes to the composition of the (Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta)C5 final product. When diluted by adding 25 and 50 % of the final product, the effective activation energy Ea for the (Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta) + 5C reaction in the 1100–1580 °C temperature range was found to be 34 kJ/mol.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF GREEN CONCRETE USING BOVINE FAECES ASH AND NON-DEGRADABLE PLASTIC WASTE MATERIALS
Authors: J. Fehlberg , M. S. Ravi Kumar 
Published: June 2024

Concrete is widely used in all kind of construction purpose and it is composed of cement, fine and coarse aggregates. To make the eco-friendly and economical construction, this research partially replace cement with cow dung ash to prepare the concrete. Non-biodegradable plastic trash is thus added to the concrete as an admixture in order to increase the tensile and compressive strength. Super plasticizers are also added to the concrete to increase its strength. In this study, the cement was partly substituted with cow dung ash in the proportions of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% while non-degradable plastic waste materials was used as an admixture in the proportions of 1%, 1.5%, and 2% to create green concrete. To evaluate the performance and strength of the manufactured concrete samples (cube and cylinder), they are subjected to split tensile, flexural, and compressive strength tests after curing for 7, 14, and 28 days, respectively. For all the M20 grade of concrete mixes, addition of 15% of cow dung ash as a replacement of cement and 1.5% of non-degradable plastic waste material gives the maximum compression and tensile strength when comparing the control mix concrete. Hence this proves that partial replacement of cement with cow dung ash and addition of non-degradable plastic waste material as a admixture gives better results than normal M20 grade concrete which has better strength and eco-friendly in nature.
Results of venous resections and reconstructions in retroperitoneal tumors
Authors: Katelnitskaya O. V. , Kit O. I. , Ausheva T. V. , Saforyan N. S. 
Published: June 2024

Background. Retroperitoneal tumors are rare, heterogeneous malignant neoplasms. Due to the low sensitivity of tumor to chemoradiation, surgical resection is the only curative treatment method for retroperitoneal sarcomas. Performance of radical surgery improves the outcome for these patients. There are little data about the results of the treatment of the patients who underwent en bloc resection of the retroperitoneal tumors combined with the resection of large vessel.Aim. To analyze surgical and oncological outcomes of treatment retroperitoneal neoplasms with vascular involvement. Materials and methods. From 2019 to 2022, 27 patients with retroperitoneal sarcomas underwent surgical treatment with the resection of large vessels during the period.Results. The average diameter of the tumors was 17 (11–39) cm. The most common histological type was moderately differentiated liposarcoma (33.4 %), followed by pleomorphic liposarcoma (22.2 %), highly differentiated (18.5 %), undifferentiated sarcoma (18.5 %), leiomyosarcoma (7.4 %). Resection of the suprarenal segment of the inferior vena cava (IVC) with prosthetics was performed in 4 cases, resection of the renal segment with renal vein reimplantation – in 1 case, resection of the infrarenal segment of the IVC with prosthetics – in 8 cases. A synthetic prosthesis was used as a conduit in all cases. Tangential resection of the suprarenal IVC portion was performed in 1 patient, infrarenal portion – in 5 patients. A resection of the infrarenal IVC portion was performed without reconstruction in 1 case. Resection of the iliac vein was required in 6 patients; in one case the resection of the arterial iliac segment and prosthetics was added. Complete resection (R0–R1) was achieved in 85.2 % of the cases. The incidence of postoperative complications went as far as 25.9 % with no postoperative mortality. Despite ongoing anticoagulant therapy, the frequency of thrombosis in venous reconstruction zone in the early postoperative period (1 month) was 7.4 %. The median relapse-free survival was 16 months, and the median of overall survival was not achieved.Conclusion. Combined operations with the excision of retroperitoneal malignancies and angioplasty have explicitly acceptable level of postoperative complications and mortality. Eradication of retroperitoneal tumor with large vessels invasion allows to enlarge the life expectancy of patients often considered to be inoperable.
Sentinel lymph node mapping in patients with uterine cancer: current state of the problem. Literature review
Authors: Polovodova V. V. , Verenikina E. V. , Menshenina A. P. , Zhenilo O. E. , Ardzha A. Yu. , Rogozin M. A. , Abdullayeva N. M. , Shevchenko A. N. , Dimitriadi S. N. 
Published: June 2024

Uterine cancer is one of the most common malignant diseases among female population. Surgical treatment is the main part of therapy but the question of lymph node dissection volume in patients with intermediate risk of uterine cancer metastasis remains open.The article considers the concept of sentinel lymph node, anatomical characteristics of uterine lymphatic system. Description of various techniques for identification of sentinel lymph nodes, as well as clinical trial data evaluating their diagnostic effectiveness and sensitivity, are presented. Comparative analysis of the techniques and their combinations, drug administration routes is performed.
Anxiety and depression in patients with post-COVID-19 comorbities
Authors: R. da Rocha Maria Debora , T. N. D. Rodrigues Isabeli , C. Santos Sandra Virgínia , P. Santos Thalyta Cibele , S. Santos Pammela Weryka , C. Gomes Paulo Roberto , A. Hazime Fuad , S. Cardoso Vinicius 
Published: June 2024

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought significant impacts on mental health, increasing conditions such as anxiety and depression. The negative impact was even bigger among the population with chronic illnesses like diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. Fear of contamination, social isolation, lack of medical follow-up, and changes in lifestyle have contributed to the worsening of these disorders. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess anxiety and depression levels and quality of life in individuals with pre-existing comorbidities post COVID-19. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with a descriptive and analytical approach. The study included 125 individuals divided in healthy group and chronically ill group. Behavioral and clinical characteristics were evaluated, such as physical activity after COVID-19, smoking, alcohol consumption, pre-existing comorbidities, and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Results: The study highlighted that the patients with diabetes and hypertension suffered the most from anxiety and depression possibly due to the higher susceptibility to coronavirus infection and the negative impact of these pre-existing conditions on mental health. In hypertensive individuals, the complex interaction between emotional stress, anxiety, and cardiovascular system dysregulation contributed to increased levels of anxiety and depression. Obesity, besides a risk factor for severe COVID-19, it also negatively impacted the immune system and had adverse effects on mental health, with an increase in depressive and anxious symptoms. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the need of special care to at-risk groups to minimize adverse impacts on mental health and improve the quality of life of individuals with pre-existing comorbidities post COVID-19.
Experience in the application of minimally invasive percutaneous internal fixation for fractures of the proximal part of the femur
Authors: Yamshchikov O. N. , Yemelyanov S. A. , Belyaev A. A. , Chumakov R. V. 
Published: June 2024

Introduction. Fractures of the proximal part of the femur are one of the most common fractures, especially for elderly patients. Most of them are low in energy and occur on the background of osteoporosis. Femoral neck fractures are one of the most frequent causes of hospitalization of patients in the trauma department. The treatment of fractures of the proximal part of the femur must be surgical. During fractures of the trochanteric region, there is a tendency to have a good consolidation of the internal fixation thanks to a rich vascularization of this region. The success rate of consolidation of femoral neck fractures is lower, which imposes the need for the use of the prosthesis. However, it is not always possible to carry out a major traumatic operation due to the presence of a serious somatic pathology of the patient. The need to delay the surgical intervention may be the cause of the development of hypostatic complications and the absence of fracture consolidation, which, in turn, may aggravate the patient's condition and provoke the development of irreversible complications. In addition, the absence of fixation of the fracture induces the presence of the syndrome of strong pain that makes the quality of life of the patient worse. With the aim of rapid activation of patients with severe pathology, it has been proposed to use a minimally invasive means of percutaneous femoral neck internal fixation using pins without incising the skin and without open repositioning.The aim of the study: to evaluate the results of therapy obtained using the method of percutaneous minimally invasive osteosynthesis in patients with fractures of the femur in the proximal section.Materials and methods. According to the developed and presented method, therapeutic manipulations were performed for a fracture of the femur in the proximal section in 16 senile and long-livers patients, in whom extensive surgery was contraindicated or there was a need to delay it.Results. The treatment performed avoided thromboembolic complications, hypostatic complications in 94 %of cases and intraoperative delirium.Conclusion. The application of early fracture fixation increases the success rate of fracture consolidation compared to conservative treatment, which activates the patient, reduces pain and improves the quality of his life.