bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Value of Growth Option Synergies from Business Combinations and Testing for Goodwill Impairment: A Real Options Perspective
Authors: Baldi Francesco , Trigeorgis Lenos 
Published: December 2009

Goodwill is an intangible asset, and therefore hard to measure and difficult to account for. This article argues that the two‐stage impairment test for acquired goodwill under SFAS 142 has several limitations. Most important, it measures aggregate rather than acquired goodwill, making it very difficult to separate acquisition‐related goodwill from aggregate enterprise goodwill after a business combination. As a consequence, any potential deterioration of acquired goodwill value could be concealed by increases in internally generated goodwill.As an alternative, the authors propose a real options approach to managing a business unit portfolio as a better framework for conducting the goodwill impairment test. A real options approach to testing goodwill for impairment—as opposed to the standard fair value assessment based on DCF analysis—not only accounts for deterioration in the value of goodwill, but also captures upward potential. It enables tracking of the changes in goodwill value from one period to the next, providing a less biased estimate of its real value at each point in time.
Clevidipine for Severe Hypertension in Acute Heart Failure: A VELOCITY Trial Analysis
Authors: Frank Peacock IV W. , Varon Joseph , Ebrahimi Ramin , Dunbar Lala , Pollack Jr Charles V. 
Published: December 2009

Acute severe hypertension occurs in approximately 50% of patients with acute heart failure (AHF). Clevidipine, the latest‐generation dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, may be useful in the treatment of this patient population. The Evaluation of the Effect of Ultra–Short‐Acting Clevidipine in the Treatment of Patients With Severe Hypertension (VELOCITY) trial enrolled 126 patients with systolic blood pressure (SBP) >180 mm Hg for treatment with clevidipine to a patient‐specific prespecified initial target range (ITR) of SBP to be achieved within 30 minutes. Of the enrolled patients, 19 had AHF on presentation. Primary end points were the percentage in whom ITR was achieved within 30 minutes and the number whose SBP was below the ITR after 3 minutes of clevidipine infusion. Among the 19 AHF patients in VELOCITY, median time to ITR was 11.3 minutes (95% confidence interval, 7–19). ITR was reached in most patients (94%) within 30 minutes. No patient had hypotension below the ITR, and heart rate remained stable. At 18 hours, 16 of 19 patients had received continuous clevidipine infusion, and their SBP was reduced by mean of 50 mm Hg (25%) from baseline. There were no treatment‐related adverse events or adverse events that led to clevidipine discontinuation. Clevidipine safely decreases SBP in AHF and does not cause unexpected hypotension. The results of this post hoc subgroup analysis suggest that clevidipine is safe, well tolerated, and efficacious in AHF patients with hypertension.Congest Heart Fail. 2010;16:55–59. © 2009Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Serum Insulin Is Significantly Related to Components of the Metabolic Syndrome in Japanese Working Men
Authors: Kawada Tomoyuki , Inagaki Hirofumi , Wakayama Yoko , Li Qing , Katsumata Masao 
Published: December 2009

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich).The aim of this study was to examine the association between serum insulin levels and components of the metabolic syndrome (MS). The target participants were 3054 working men. MS was diagnosed based on the modified criteria of the International Diabetes Federation and was present in 12.9% of the study patients. Serum lipid profiles, uric acid, insulin, plasma glucose, and hemoglobin A1c were measured. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that all the components of MS were significantly associated with log‐transformed values of the serum insulin. The standardized regression coefficient for the waist circumference was 5‐fold higher than that for fasting plasma glucose, being 0.40 and 0.08, respectively. The standardized regression coefficients for diastolic blood pressure, log‐transformed values of serum triglyceride, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and age were 0.09, 0.13, −0.16, and −0.11, respectively. A statistically significant relationship existed between the components of MS, especially abdominal obesity, and the serum insulin levels.
Recovering full DNA barcodes from natural history collections of Tephritid fruitflies (Tephritidae, Diptera) using mini barcodes
Authors: VAN HOUDT J. K. J. , BREMAN F. C. , VIRGILIO M. , DE MEYER M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe family of Tephritid fruit flies (Tephritidae, Diptera) is composed of more than 4000 species and more than 350 are of economic importance (EI). The Tephritid Barcoding Initiative (TBI) aims at obtaining DNA barcodes for all EI species and the majority of their congeners. Dry pinned specimens from natural history collections are an important resource for reference material, but were often collected decades ago. We observed a strong decrease in the success rate of obtaining a full COX1 DNA barcode (658 bp), with an increasing age of the specimens. Obtaining full barcodes is often not possible using standard protocols. We developed a universal Tephritid primer set for multiple overlapping mini‐barcodes that allows reconstructing the full COX1 DNA barcode. These newly developed primers and the corresponding protocol will facilitate the utilization of the extensive natural history collection by the TBI consortium.
Multiplex pre‐amplification for noninvasive genetic sampling: is the extra effort worth it?
Authors: DE BARBA M. , WAITS L. P. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMicrosatellite genotyping of hair and faeces using standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR) resulted in low success rates and high error rates in a 2003–2004 pilot study using noninvasive genetic sampling for the brown bear (Ursus arctos) in the Italian Alps. Thus, we evaluated the performance of multiplex pre‐amplification for improving microsatellite genotyping results. Brown bear faecal DNA extracts of varying quality (n = 33) and hair DNA extracts of poor (n = 32) and good (n = 34) quality were used to compare standard PCR and pre‐amplification. In contrast to previous studies, there was no significant difference between methods for individual locus amplification success, genotyping error and genotyping success rates for scat and hair samples. The use of pre‐amplification requires an additional investment of time and resources, and our results raise questions about the universal value of pre‐amplification approaches. We suggest that researchers carefully evaluate the performance of pre‐amplification compared to standard PCR using field‐collected samples from the study area of interest before engaging in large‐scale noninvasive genetic analyses.
Reproducibility of read numbers in high‐throughput sequencing analysis of nematode community composition and structure
Authors: PORAZINSKA DOROTA L. , SUNG WAY , GIBLIN‐DAVIS ROBIN M. , THOMAS W. KELLEY 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAlthough nematodes are the most abundant metazoan animals on Earth, their diversity is largely unknown. To overcome limitations of traditional approaches (labour, time, and cost) for assessing biodiversity of nematode species in environmental samples, we have previously examined the suitability of high‐throughput sequencing for assessing species level diversity with a set of control experiments employing a mixture of nematodes of known number and with known sequences for target diagnostic loci. Those initial experiments clearly demonstrated the suitability of the approach for identification of nematode taxa but lacked the replicate experiments necessary to evaluate reproducibility of the approach. Here, we analyze reads generated from three different PCR amplifications and three different sequencing reactions to examine the differential PCR amplification, the possibility of emulsion PCR artefacts, and differences between sequencing reactions. Our results suggest that both qualitative and quantitative data are consistent and highly reproducible. Variation associated with in‐house PCR amplification or emPCR and sequencing are present but the representation of each nematode is very consistent from experiment to experiment and supports the use of read counts to estimate relative abundance of taxa in a metagenetic sample.
Comparing intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide and bevacizumab injections for the treatment of diabetic macular oedema: a randomized double‐blind study
Authors: Isaac David Leonardo Cruvinel , Abud Murilo Batista , Frantz Kariza Aiko , Rassi Alan Ricardo , Avila Marcos 
Published: December 2009

Abstract.Purpose:  To compare the effect of a single intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide and bevacizumab in reducing macular thickness, which was measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with diabetic macular oedema (DMO).Methods:  The patients received a single intravitreal injection of 1.25 mg bevacizumab in one randomly selected eye and 4.0 mg triamcinolone acetonide in the contralateral eye. Central foveal thickness measurement (CFT) with OCT was taken at the initial visit and at the 4‐week, 12‐week and 24‐week visits.Results:  Eleven patients (22 eyes) were enrolled and statistically analysed. CFT reduced in the eyes treated with triamcinolone and those treated with bevacizumab in weeks 4 and 12 (p < 0.05). At the 24‐week follow‐up, no significant difference was noted, relative to the initial visit. Comparing the two groups treated with different drugs, a statistically significant difference in CFT in weeks 4 and 12 was noted, with a more significant reduction in triamcinolone‐treated eyes (p < 0.05). Regarding visual acuity (VA), patients treated with triamcinolone had improvement in VA at 4‐week (p = 0.02) and 12‐week follow‐up (p = 0.01), while the group treated with bevacizumab had VA improvement at 4 ‐week follow‐up (p = 0.02). Among the eyes treated with triamcinolone, intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement of more than 21 mmHg was found in three eyes (27.3%).Conclusions:  Intravitreal triamcinolone proved to be more efficient in reducing DMO, providing longer lasting visual improvement, relative to bevacizumab. Eyes treated with triamcinolone had the highest percentage increase in IOP. Further studies are needed to corroborate these findings.
Linear Koszul duality
Authors: Mirković Ivan , Riche Simon 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn this paper we construct, for F1 and F2 subbundles of a vector bundle E, a ‘Koszul duality’ equivalence between derived categories of 𝔾m-equivariant coherent(dg-)sheaves on the derived intersection $F_1 \rcap _E F_2$, and the corresponding derived intersection $F_1^{\perp } \rcap _{E^*} F_2^{\perp }$. We also propose applications to Hecke algebras.
Overexpression of Phospho-eIF4E Is Associated with Survival through AKT Pathway in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Yoshizawa Akihiko , Fukuoka Junya , Shimizu Shigeki , Shilo Konstantin , Franks Teri J. , Hewitt Stephen M. , Fujii Takeshi , Cordon-Cardo Carlos , Jen Jin , Travis William D. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Purpose: The eukaryotic translation initiation factor complex 4E (eIF4E) is downstream in the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. This study explored expression of eIF4E and its relationship with the PTEN/AKT and RAS/MEK/ERK pathways in non–small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC).
Experimental Design: The status of phosphorylated eIF4E (p-eIF4E), phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT), PTEN, phosphorylated tuberin (p-TSC2), phosphorylated mTOR (p-mTOR), phosphorylated S6 (p-S6), and phosphorylated Erk1/2 (p-Erk1/2) was studied using immunohistochemical analysis applied to a tissue microarray containing 300 NSCLCs. Staining results for each antibody were compared with clinical and pathologic features, and the relationship between staining results was explored.
Results: Overexpression of p-eIF4E, p-AKT, p-TSC2, p-mTOR, p-S6, and p-Erk1/2 in NSCLC was found in 39.9%, 78.8%, 5.1%, 46.7%, 27.1%, and 16.6% of tumors, respectively. The phenotype of p-eIF4E correlated positively with that of p-AKT, p-TSC2, and p-S6 (P &lt; 0.001). Overall survival in NSCLC patients was significantly shorter in cases with overexpression of p-eIF4E and p-AKT alone and in combination (log-rank P &lt; 0.001, each). Cases with underexpression of PTEN were limited (6.4%), and this phenotype did not correlate with any clinical variable. In cluster analysis, the p-AKT/p-mTOR/p-eIF4E/p-S6–positive group had significantly shorter survival compared with the survival of all cases (P &lt; 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that p-eIF4E overexpression is an independent prognostic factor for NSCLC (P = 0.004).
Conclusions: This study shows that p-eIF4E expression in addition to p-AKT predicts poor prognosis in NSCLC. Moreover, the correlation between expression of p-eIF4E with p-AKT, as well as p-TSC2 and p-S6, indicates that eIF4E activation through the AKT pathway plays an important role in the progression of NSCLC. Clin Cancer Res; 16(1); OF1–9
How I treat influenza in patients with hematologic malignancies
Authors: Casper Corey , Englund Janet , Boeckh Michael 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic has heightened the interest of clinicians for options in the prevention and management of influenza virus infection in immunocompromised patients. Even before the emergence of the novel 2009 H1N1 strain, influenza disease was a serious complication in patients with hematologic malignancies receiving chemotherapy or undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation. Here we review the clinical manifestations of seasonal and 2009 H1N1 influenza and discuss current diagnosis, antiviral treatment, and prophylaxis options. We also summarize infection control and vaccination strategies for patients, family members, and caregivers.
Analysis of replication factories in human cells by super-resolution light microscopy
Authors: Cseresnyes Zoltan , Schwarz Ulf , Green Catherine M 
Published: December 2009

Abstract

Background
DNA replication in human cells is performed in discrete sub-nuclear locations known as replication foci or factories. These factories form in the nucleus during S phase and are sites of DNA synthesis and high local concentrations of enzymes required for chromatin replication. Why these structures are required, and how they are organised internally has yet to be identified. It has been difficult to analyse the structure of these factories as they are small in size and thus below the resolution limit of the standard confocal microscope. We have used stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy, which improves on the resolving power of the confocal microscope, to probe the structure of these factories at sub-diffraction limit resolution.

Results
Using immunofluorescent imaging of PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) and RPA (replication protein A) we show that factories are smaller in size (approximately 150 nm diameter), and greater in number (up to 1400 in an early S- phase nucleus), than is determined by confocal imaging. The replication inhibitor hydroxyurea caused an approximately 40% reduction in number and a 30% increase in diameter of replication factories, changes that were not clearly identified by standard confocal imaging.

Conclusions
These measurements for replication factory size now approach the dimensions suggested by electron microscopy. This agreement between these two methods, that use very different sample preparation and imaging conditions, suggests that we have arrived at a true measurement for the size of these structures. The number of individual factories present in a single nucleus that we measure using this system is greater than has been previously reported. This analysis therefore suggests that each replication factory contains fewer active replication forks than previously envisaged.
Increased epithelial stem cell traits in advanced endometrial endometrioid carcinoma
Authors: Chang Shing-Jyh , Wang Tao-Yeuan , Tsai Chan-Yen , Hu Tzu-Fang , Chang Margaret Dah-Tsyr , Wang Hsei-Wei 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackgroundIt has been recognized cancer cells acquire characters reminiscent of those of normal stem cells, and the degree of stem cell gene expression correlates with patient prognosis. Lgr5(+) or CD133(+) epithelial stem cells (EpiSCs) have recently been identified and these cells are susceptible to neoplastic transformation. It is unclear, however, whether genes enriched in EpiSCs also contribute in tumor malignancy. Endometrial endometrioid carcinoma (EEC) is a dominant type of the endometrial cancers and is still among the most common female cancers. Clinically endometrial carcinoma is classified into 4 FIGO stages by the degree of tumor invasion and metastasis, and the survival rate is low in patients with higher stages of tumors. Identifying genes shared between advanced tumors and stem cells will not only unmask the mechanisms of tumor malignancy but also provide novel therapeutic targets.ResultsTo identify EpiSC genes in late (stages III-IV) EECs, a molecular signature distinguishing early (stages I-II) and late EECs was first identified to delineate late EECs at the genomics level. ERBB2 and CCR1 were genes activated in late EECs, while APBA2 (MINT2) and CDK inhibitor p16 tumor suppressors in early EECs. MAPK pathway was significantly up in late EECs, indicating drugs targeting this canonical pathway might be useful for treating advanced EECs. A six-gene mini-signature was further identified to differentiate early from advanced EECs in both the training and testing datasets. Advanced, invasive EECs possessed a clear EpiSC gene expression pattern, explaining partly why these tumors are more malignant.ConclusionsOur work provides new insights into the pathogenesis of EECs and reveals a previously unknown link between adult stem cells and the histopathological traits of EECs. Shared EpiSC genes in late EECs may contribute to the stem cell-like phenotypes shown by advanced tumors and hold the potential of being candidate therapeutic targets and novel prognosis biomarkers.
The hemolytic and cytolytic activities of Serratia marcescensphospholipase A (PhlA) depend on lysophospholipid production by PhlA
Authors: Shimuta Ken , Ohnishi Makoto , Iyoda Sunao , Gotoh Naomasa , Koizumi Nobuo , Watanabe Haruo 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackgroundSerratia marcescensis a gram-negative bacterium and often causes nosocomial infections. There have been few studies of the virulence factors of this bacterium. The onlyS. marcescenshemolytic and cytotoxic factor reported, thus far, is the hemolysin ShlA.ResultsAnS. marcescens shlAB deletion mutant was constructed and shown to have no contact hemolytic activity. However, the deletion mutant retained hemolytic activity on human blood agar plates, indicating the presence of anotherS. marcescenshemolytic factor. Functional cloning ofS. marcescensidentified a phospholipase A (PhlA) with hemolytic activity on human blood agar plates. AphlAB deletion mutant lost hemolytic activity on human blood agar plates. Purified recombinant PhlA hydrolyzed several types of phospholipids and exhibited phospholipase A1 (PLA1), but not phospholipase A2 (PLA2), activity. The cytotoxic and hemolytic activities of PhlA both required phospholipids as substrates.ConclusionWe have shown that theS. marcescens phlAgene produces hemolysis on human blood agar plates. PhlA induces destabilization of target cell membranes in the presence of phospholipids. Our results indicated that the lysophospholipids produced by PhlA affected cell membranes resulting in hemolysis and cell death.
Association of a de novo16q copy number variant with a phenotype that overlaps with Lenz microphthalmia and Townes-Brocks syndromes
Authors: Bardakjian Tanya M , Schneider Adele S , Ng David , Johnston Jennifer J , Biesecker Leslie G 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackgroundAnophthalmia and microphthalmia are etiologically and clinically heterogeneous. Lenz microphthalmia is a syndromic form that is typically inherited in an X-linked pattern, though the causative gene mutation is unknown. Townes-Brocks syndrome manifests thumb anomalies, imperforate anus, and ear anomalies. We present a 13-year-old boy with a syndromic microphthalmia phenotype and a clinical diagnosis of Lenz microphthalmia syndrome.Case PresentationThe patient was subjected to clinical and molecular evaluation, including array CGH analysis. The clinical features included left clinical anophthalmia, right microphthalmia, anteriorly placed anus with fistula, chordee, ventriculoseptal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, posteriorly rotated ears, hypotonia, growth retardation with delayed bone age, and mental retardation. The patient was found to have an approximately 5.6 Mb deletion of 16q11.2q12.1 by microarray based-comparative genomic hybridization, which includes theSALL1gene, which causes Townes-Brocks syndrome.ConclusionsDeletions of 16q11.2q12.2 have been reported in several individuals, although those prior reports did not note microphthalmia or anophthalmia. This region includesSALL1, which causes Townes-Brocks syndrome. In retrospect, this child has a number of features that can be explained by theSALL1deletion, although it is not clear if the microphthalmia is a rare feature of Townes-Brocks syndrome or caused by other mechanisms. These data suggest that rare copy number changes may be a cause of syndromic microphthalmia allowing a personalized genomic medicine approach to the care of patients with these aberrations.
Plasma ATP concentration and venous oxygen content in the forearm during dynamic handgrip exercise
Authors: Wood Rachel E , Wishart Connie , Walker Philip J , Askew Christopher D , Stewart Ian B 
Published: December 2009

Abstract

Background
It has been proposed that adenosine triphosphate (ATP) released from red blood cells (RBCs) may contribute to the tight coupling between blood flow and oxygen demand in contracting skeletal muscle. To determine whether ATP may contribute to the vasodilatory response to exercise in the forearm, we measured arterialised and venous plasma ATP concentration and venous oxygen content in 10 healthy young males at rest, and at 30 and 180 seconds during dynamic handgrip exercise at 45% of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC).

Results
Venous plasma ATP concentration was elevated above rest after 30 seconds of exercise (P < 0.05), and remained at this higher level 180 seconds into exercise (P < 0.05 versus rest). The increase in ATP was mirrored by a decrease in venous oxygen content. While there was no significant relationship between ATP concentration and venous oxygen content at 30 seconds of exercise, they were moderately and inversely correlated at 180 seconds of exercise (r = -0.651, P = 0.021). Arterial ATP concentration remained unchanged throughout exercise, resulting in an increase in the venous-arterial ATP difference.

Conclusions
Collectively these results indicate that ATP in the plasma originated from the muscle microcirculation, and are consistent with the notion that deoxygenation of the blood perfusing the muscle acts as a stimulus for ATP release. That ATP concentration was elevated just 30 seconds after the onset of exercise also suggests that ATP may be a contributing factor to the blood flow response in the transition from rest to steady state exercise.