bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flexible host frameworks with diverse cavities in inclusion crystals of bile acids and their derivatives
Authors: Nakano Kazunori , Aburaya Kazuaki , Hisaki Ichiro , Tohnai Norimitsu , Miyata Mikiji 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe have systematically investigated structures and properties of inclusion crystals of bile acids and their derivatives. These steroidal compounds form diverse host frameworks having zero‐, one‐ and two‐dimensional cavities, causing various inclusion behaviors towards many organic compounds. The diverse host frameworks exhibit the following guest‐dependent flexibility. First, the frameworks mainly depend on the included guests in size and shape. The size‐dependence is quantitatively estimated by the parameter PCcavity, which is the volume ratio of a guest molecule to a host cavity. The resulting values of PCcavity lie in the range of 42–76%. Second, each of the host frameworks has its own range of the values. Some guests can employ two different frameworks with the boundary values, explaining formation of polymorphic crystals. Third, the host frameworks are selected by host–guest interactions through weak hydrogen bonds, such as NH/π and CH/O. The weak hydrogen bonds play an important role for various selective inclusion processes. Fourth, the host frameworks are dynamically exchangeable, resulting in intercalation and polymerization in the cavities. These static and dynamic structures of the frameworks demonstrate great potential of crystalline organic inclusion compounds as functional materials. © 2009 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Chem Rec 9: 124–135; 2009: Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/tcr.20171
Bifunctional transition metal‐based molecular catalysts for asymmetric CC and CN bond formation
Authors: Ikariya Takao , Gridnev Ilya D. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis paper describes the recent advances in the conceptually new bifunctional Ir and Ru catalysts for asymmetric catalytic reactions. These reactions include the enantioselective Michael addition of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds to cyclic enones and nitroalkenes, and the enantioselective direct amination of α‐cyanoacetates with diazoesters. The outcome of these reactions in terms of reactivity and selectivity was delicately influenced by the catalyst structures and the reaction conditions including the solvents used. Even with a 1 : 1 molar ratio of donors to acceptors, the reactions proceeded smoothly to give the corresponding chiral adducts with an excellent yield and enantiomeric excess (ee). Preliminary mechanistic studies showed that the key stage of the catalytic cycle is the interaction of the bifunctional catalyst with a pronucleophilic reagent that leads to stereoselective formation of C‐, O‐, or N‐bound complexes. The resulting protonated catalyst bearing metal‐bound nucleophiles readily reacts with electrophiles to provide CC and CN bond formation products in a highly stereoselective manner. © 2009 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Chem Rec 9: 106–123; 2009: Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/tcr.20172
Microsurgical vasectomy reversal: results and predictors of success
Authors: Dohle Gert R. , Smit Marij 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Microsurgical vasectomy reversal is a challenge for the physician but successful treatment depends on the experience and skills of the surgeon. Fertility can often be restored, thus avoiding the need for artificial reproductive techniques. Also, the surgical procedures can be combined with sperm aspiration and cryopreservation, to be used for Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in cases of surgical failure. We describe the results of 217 vasovasostomy procedures, with special emphasis on recent technical refinements and prognostic indicators.
Between 1998 and 2002 we performed 217 vasovasostomy-procedures in an outpatient clinic setting. Refertilisation was successful in 76.5%, spontaneous pregnancy occurred in 42% of the couples after, a follow-up of at least 1 year. The main prognostic factors determining the outcome of the surgery was the interval between vasectomy and refertilisation and the age of the female partner: patency was 89% after an interval of less than 5 years and pregnancy occurred in 56% of these couples. After an interval of more than 10 years patency decreased to 75% and pregnancy results dropped to 24%. Epididymal dysfunction with poor motility score and secondary epididymal obstruction appeared to be common after a long interval. Furthermore, in men with partners older than 35 years of age pregnancy was only 21%, indicating limited ovarian reserve as an important factor in determining the final outcome.
In men with a long obstructive interval between vasectomy and reversal an obstruction of the epididymis can be found due to a blow-out of the epididymal tubule with subsequent leakage of semen in the organ and fibrosis. A vaso-epididymostomy procedure is needed to treat the obstruction. Recently, surgical refinements, such as the invagination technique, have been introduced for the vaso-epididymostomy procedure, showing promising first results. This simplified technique enables less experienced microsurgeons to perform this difficult operation successfully. The results of vasectomy reversal procedures can be improved substantially if the surgeon is able to perform a vaso-epididymostomy in cases of a secondary epididymal obstruction, occurring in about 25% of men with an interval of more than 10 years.
Twenty-first century laparoscopic hysterectomy: should we not leave the vaginal step out?
Authors: Twijnstra A. R. H. , Kianmanesh Rad N. A. , Smeets M. J. G. H. , Admiraal J. F. , Jansen F. W. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe objective of this study was to compare surgical outcomes for laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) with total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) in three teaching hospitals in the Netherlands. This study is a multicenter cohort retrospective analysis of consecutive cases (Canadian Task Force classification II-2). One hundred and four women underwent a laparoscopic hysterectomy between March 1995 and March 2005 at one of three teaching hospitals. This included 37 women who underwent LAVH and 67 who underwent TLH. Blood loss, operating time, and intraoperative complications such as bladder or ureteric injury as well as conversion to an open procedure were recorded. In the TLH group, average age was statistically significant lower, as well as the mean parity, whereas estimated uterus size was statistically significant larger, compared to the LAVH group. Main indication in both groups was dysfunctional uterine bleeding. In the TLH group, mean blood loss (173 mL) was significant lower compared to the LAVH group (457 mL), whereas length of surgery, uterus weight, and complication rates were comparable between the two groups. The method of choice at the start of the study period was LAVH, and by the end of the study period, it had been superceded by TLH. LAVH should not be regarded as the novice’s laparoscopic hysterectomy. Moreover, with regard blood loss, TLH shows advantages above LAVH. This might be due to the influence of the altered anatomy in the vaginal stage of the LAVH procedure. Therefore, when a vaginal hysterectomy is contraindicated, TLH is the procedure of choice. LAVH remains indicated in case of vaginal hysterectomy with accompanying adnexal surgery.
Genes, patients, families, doctors—Mutation analysis in clinical practice
Authors: Walter J. H. 
Published: March 2009

SummaryDevelopments in mutation analysis have led to significant benefits for patients with inherited metabolic disorders and their families. This is particularly the case where new methodologies have prevented the need for invasive tissue biopsies or have allowed carrier detection or first trimester prenatal testing to be undertaken. Whereas in the past it may have only been possible to identify specific ‘common’ mutations, the availability of techniques, such as automated sequencing, and novel technologies including mutation scanning techniques, multiplex ligation dependent probe amplification, and array technologies, have vastly improved the diagnostic efficiency of molecular testing.
Advances and Prospect of Nanotechnology in Stem Cells
Authors: Wang Zheng , Ruan Jing , Cui Daxiang 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
In recent years, stem cell nanotechnology has emerged as a new exciting field. Theoretical and experimental studies of interaction between nanomaterials or nanostructures and stem cells have made great advances. The importance of nanomaterials, nanostructures, and nanotechnology to the fundamental developments in stem cells-based therapies for injuries and degenerative diseases has been recognized. In particular, the effects of structure and properties of nanomaterials on the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells have become a new interdisciplinary frontier in regeneration medicine and material science. Here we review some of the main advances in this field over the past few years, explore the application prospects, and discuss the issues, approaches and challenges, with the aim of improving application of nanotechnology in the stem cells research and development.
Structure and Photoluminescent Properties of ZnO Encapsulated in Mesoporous Silica SBA-15 Fabricated by Two-Solvent Strategy
Authors: Lu Qingshan , Wang Zhongying , Li Jiangong , Wang Peiyu , Ye Xialei 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
The two-solvent method was employed to prepare ZnO encapsulated in mesoporous silica (ZnO/SBA-15). The prepared ZnO/SBA-15 samples have been studied by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherm, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The ZnO/SBA-15 nanocomposite has the ordered hexagonal mesostructure of SBA-15. ZnO clusters of a high loading are distributed in the channels of SBA-15. Photoluminescence spectra show the UV emission band around 368 nm, the violet emission around 420 nm, and the blue emission around 457 nm. The UV emission is attributed to band-edge emission of ZnO. The violet emission results from the oxygen vacancies on the ZnO–SiO2interface traps. The blue emission is from the oxygen vacancies or interstitial zinc ions of ZnO. The UV emission and blue emission show a blue-shift phenomenon due to quantum-confinement-induced energy gap enhancement of ZnO clusters. The ZnO clusters encapsulated in SBA-15 can be used as light-emitting diodes and ultraviolet nanolasers.
Antioxidant Activity of Added Phenolic Compounds in Freeze‐Dried Microencapsulated Sunflower Oil
Authors: Velasco Joaquín , Holgado Francisca , Dobarganes Carmen , Márquez‐Ruiz Gloria 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis study was aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of phenolic antioxidants with a similar structure but having a different polarity in dried microencapsulated sunflower oil. The antioxidants tested were, on one hand, α‐tocopherol and its water soluble analogue, Trolox, and on the other, gallic acid and its ester derivatives, propyl gallate and dodecyl gallate. At a moderate temperature (40 °C), the samples were oxidized under accelerated conditions by using Cu(II) as an oxidation catalyst. The progress of oxidation was followed up over time in the free and encapsulated oil fractions. The peroxide value, the total content of polymers and, when appropriate, the content of α‐tocopherol were determined. Quantitative analysis of the total fraction of the non‐volatile oxidation products and their distribution in oligomers, dimers and monomers was applied to samples to obtain a complete evaluation of oxidation. Finally, as a complementary measure, the antioxidants were also assessed by direct application of the Rancimat test at 100 °C on the dried microencapsulated oil samples. Results showed that the antioxidants of lower polarity in each series, i.e. tocopherol and dodecyl gallate, were to a great extent the most protective antioxidants. The results obtained by the Rancimat test were consistent with those found during oxidation at moderate temperature. Furthermore, the addition of Cu(II) reduced proportionally the oxidative stability index of the dried microencapsulated samples.
Stroke and Neurodegenerative Disorders: 1. Stroke Management in the Acute Care Setting
Authors: Reddy Cara Camiolo , Moroz Alex , Edgley Steven R. , Lew Henry L. , Chae John , Lombard Lisa A. 
Published: March 2009

ObjectiveThis self‐directed learning module highlights management of stroke in the acute care setting. It is part of the study guide on stroke and neurodegenerative disorders in the Self‐Directed Physiatric Education Program for practitioners and trainees in physical medicine and rehabilitation. Using a case vignette format, this article specifically focuses on initial assessment and management of acute ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, descriptions of posterior circulation and lacunar stroke, and criteria for admission to acute inpatient rehabilitation after stroke and secondary stroke prevention. The goal of this article is to improve the learner's ability to identify, treat and manage a patient with a stroke in the acute care setting.
Stroke and Neurodegenerative Disorders: 2. Poststroke Medical Complications
Authors: Lombard Lisa A. , Reddy Cara Camiolo , Moroz Alex , Lew Henry L. , Chae John , Edgley Steven R. 
Published: March 2009

ObjectiveThis self‐directed learning module highlights common poststroke medical complaints encountered on an inpatient rehabilitation unit. It is part of the study guide on stroke and neurodegenerative disorders in the Self‐Directed Physiatric Education Program for practitioners and trainees in physical medicine and rehabilitation. Using a case vignette format, this article specifically focuses on the differential diagnosis, evaluation and management of chest pain, mental status changes, weight loss and poor motivation in stroke patients. The goal of this article is to expand the learner's knowledge of how to diagnose and manage common medical complications of stroke patients in rehabilitation.
Sports and Performing Arts Medicine: 1. Upper Extremity Injuries
Authors: Akau Cedric K. , Harrast Mark A. , Storm Seneca A. , Finnoff Jonathan T. , Willick Stuart 
Published: March 2009

ObjectiveThis self‐directed learning module highlights upper limb sports and performing arts injuries. It is part of the study guide on sports and performing arts medicine in the Self‐Directed Physiatric Education Program for practitioners and trainees in physical medicine and rehabilitation. Using a case vignette format, this article specifically focuses on shoulder, elbow and finger pain in athletes and wrist pain in musicians. The goal of this article is to enhance the learner's understanding on how to approach common upper limb pain conditions and injuries in these populations.
Sports and Performing Arts Medicine: 3. Spine and Neurologic Injuries
Authors: Storm Seneca A. , Finnoff Jonathan T. , Willick Stuart , Akau Cedric K. , Harrast Mark A. 
Published: March 2009

ObjectiveThis self‐directed learning module highlights select spine and neurological injuries in athletes and performing arts injuries. It is part of the study guide on sports and performing arts medicine in the Self‐Directed Physiatric Education Program for practitioners and trainees in physical medicine and rehabilitation. Using a case vignette format, this article specifically focuses on sports‐induced concussion, stingers and transient myelopathy, and buttock pain in athletes, and hand dystonia and hand numbness in musicians. The goal of this article is to facilitate the learner's ability to diagnose and treat spine and neurologic injuries in athletes and performing artists.
Stroke and Neurodegenerative Disorders: 4. Community Integration
Authors: Edgley Steven R. , Lew Henry L. , Moroz Alex , Chae John , Lombard Lisa A. , Reddy Cara Camiolo 
Published: March 2009

ObjectiveThis self‐directed learning module highlights common rehabilitation issues in stroke survivors with chronic impairments with emphasis on community integration. It is part of the study guide on stroke and neurodegenerative disorders in the Self‐Directed Physiatric Education Program for practitioners and trainees in physical medicine and rehabilitation. Using a case vignette format, this article specifically focuses on management of shoulder pain, management of hypertonia, secondary stroke prevention, vocational reintegration including strategies for return to driving, and treatment of sexual dysfunction following stroke. The goal of this article is to improve the learner's ability to implement community integration strategies after a stroke.
Lichenometric dating using Rhizocarpon subgenus Rhizocarpon in the Patagonian Andes, Argentina
Authors: Garibotti Irene Adriana , Villalba Ricardo 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis study represents the first attempt to develop and apply lichenometric dating curves of Rhizocarpon subgenus Rhizocarpon for dating glacier fluctuations in the Patagonian Andes. Six glaciers were studied along the Patagonian Andes. Surfaces of known ages (historical evidences and tree-ring analyses) were used as control sites to develop indirect lichenometric dating curves. Dating curves developed for the studied glaciers show the same general logarithmic form, indicating that growth rate of subgenus Rhizocarpon decreases over time. The strong west–east precipitation gradient across the Andean Cordillera introduces statistically significant differences in the growth curves, with faster growth rates in the moist west sites than the drier eastern sites. Latitudinal difference among the studied glaciers does not appear to be a major factor regulating lichen growth rates. Therefore, we developed two lichenometric curves for dating glacier fluctuations in wetter and drier sites in the Patagonian Andes during the past 450 yrs. Application of the developed curves to moraine dating allowed us to complement glacial chronologies previously obtained by tree-ring analyses. A first chronosequence for moraine formation in the Torrecillas Glacier (42°S) is presented. Our findings confirm the utility of lichenometry to date deglaciated surfaces in the Patagonian Andes.
Sex, attachment, and the development of reproductive strategies
Authors: Del Giudice Marco 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis target article presents an integrated evolutionary model of the development of attachment and human reproductive strategies. It is argued that sex differences in attachment emerge in middle childhood, have adaptive significance in both children and adults, and are part of sex-specific life history strategies. Early psychosocial stress and insecure attachment act as cues of environmental risk, and tend to switch development towards reproductive strategies favoring current reproduction and higher mating effort. However, due to sex differences in life history trade-offs between mating and parenting, insecure males tend to adopt avoidant strategies, whereas insecure females tend to adopt anxious/ambivalent strategies, which maximize investment from kin and mates. Females are expected to shift to avoidant patterns when environmental risk is more severe. Avoidant and ambivalent attachment patterns also have different adaptive values for boys and girls, in the context of same-sex competition in the peer group: in particular, the competitive and aggressive traits related to avoidant attachment can be favored as a status-seeking strategy for males. Finally, adrenarche is proposed as the endocrine mechanism underlying the reorganization of attachment in middle childhood, and the implications for the relationship between attachment and sexual development are explored. Sex differences in the development of attachment can be fruitfully integrated within the broader framework of adaptive plasticity in life history strategies, thus contributing to a coherent evolutionary theory of human development.
Accounting for Incomplete Postdischarge Follow-Up During Surveillance of Surgical Site Infection by Use of the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System's Risk Index
Authors: Biscione Fernando Martín , Couto Renato Camargos , Pedrosa Tânia M. G. 
Published: March 2009

Objective.We examined the usefulness of a simple method to account for incomplete postdischarge follow-up during surveillance of surgical site infection (SSI) by use of the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) system's risk index.Design.Retrospective cohort study that used data prospectively collected from 1993 through 2006.Setting.Five private, nonuniversity healthcare facilities in Belo Horizonte, Brazil.Patients.Consecutive patients undergoing the following NNIS operative procedures: 20,981 operations on the genitourinary system, 11,930 abdominal hysterectomies, 7,696 herniorraphies, 6,002 cholecystectomies, and 6,892 laparotomies.Methods.For each operative procedure category, 2 SSI risk models were specified. First, a model based on the NNIS system's risk index variables was specified (hereafter referred to as the NNIS-based model). Second, a modified model (hereafter referred to as the modified NNIS-based model), which was also based on the NNIS system's risk index, was specified with a postdischarge surveillance indicator, which was assigned the value of 1 if the patient could be reached during follow-up and a value of 0 if the patient could not be reached. A formal comparison of the capabilities of the 2 models to assess the risk of SSI was conducted using measures of calibration (by use of the Pearson goodness-of-fit test) and discrimination (by use of receiver operating characteristic curves). Goodman-Kruskal correlations (G) were also calculated.Results.The rate of incomplete postdischarge follow-up varied between 29.8% for abdominal hysterectomies and 50.5% for cholecystectomies. The modified NNIS-based model for laparotomy did not show any significant benefit over the NNIS-based model in any measure. For all other operative procedures, the modified NNIS-based model showed a significantly improved discriminatory ability and higher G statistics, compared with the NNIS-based model, with no significant impairment in calibration, except if used to assess the risk of SSI after operations on the genitourinary system or after a cholecystectomy.Conclusions.Compared with the NNIS-based model, the modified NNIS-based model added potentially useful clinical information regarding most of the operative procedures. Further work is warranted to evaluate this method for accounting for incomplete postdischarge follow-up during surveillance of SSI.
First Report of Powdery Mildew of Poison-Hemlock Caused by Erysiphe heraclei in North America
Authors: Koike Steven T. , Glawe Dean A. 
Published: March 2009

Poison-hemlock is a widely distributed biennial especially known for its toxic piperidine alkaloids that can poison livestock that eat this plant. In 2008, a powdery mildew was observed on poison-hemlock growing in coastal California. The causal agent was determined to be Erysiphe heraclei DC., previously unreported on this host in North America. Accepted for publication 18 December 2008. Published 12 March 2009.