bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of UV‐A Irradiance on Lipid Accumulation in Nannochloropsis oculata
Authors: Srinivas Rathy , Ochs Clifford 
Published: January 2012

AbstractLipids produced by microalgae can be grouped into two categories, storage lipids and structural lipids. Storage lipids are mainly triglycerides (TGs) made up of saturated fatty acids; TGs can be transesterified to produce biodiesel. Structural lipids are made of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which are essential nutrients for aquatic animals and humans. The objectives of this study were: (1) to determine the effect of UV‐A at different levels of exposure on total lipid accumulation in Nannochloropsis oculata and check for reciprocity and (2) to study the interactive effect of UV‐A and nutrient concentration on lipid accumulation in N. oculata. Objective 1 was accomplished by testing the effects of a range of UV‐A irradiance (I), duration of exposure (T) and UV‐A doses (I × T) on lipid production by N. oculata. If the same doses have a similar effect, irrespective of I and T, reciprocity holds. UV‐A treatments significantly increased the chlorophyll‐specific lipid concentration of N. oculata cells, and we were unable to falsify that reciprocity holds. Objective 2 was addressed by a factorial bioassay experiment with manipulated nutrient and UV‐A levels. UV‐A and decreased nutrients had a synergistic effect on chlorophyll‐specific lipid concentration of N. oculata, resulting in higher lipid:chl ratios.
Fractalkine as a marker for assessment of severe acute pancreatitis
Authors: HUANG Li Ya , CHEN Ping , XU Ling Xiao , ZHOU Yu Fen , LI Wei Guang , YUAN Yao Zong 
Published: January 2012

OBJECTIVE:  The aim of this study was to study the role of fractalkine (FKN) in the development of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) in animal model.METHODS:  Serum FKN levels in rat model (control, SAP6h, 16h, 24h and 48h) were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. FKN mRNA and protein levels in the pancreas tissue were measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), Western blot and immunohistochemistry.RESULTS:  Serum FKN level in the SAP rat increased significantly (P < 0.05 compared with the control group). FKN mRNA and protein levels in pancreas and lung increased significantly and reached the peak at 16 h after the induction of SAP, while those in kidney reached the peak at 48 h. Immunohistochemistry showed the overexpression of FKN in pancreas, lung and kidney tissue.CONCLUSION:  FKN involves in the progression of SAP and might be a valuable marker for the assessment of SAP.
The Role of Nutraceutical Supplements in the Treatment of Dyslipidemia
Authors: Houston Mark 
Published: January 2012

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2012;14:121–132. ©2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The combination of a lipid‐lowering diet and scientifically proven nutraceutical supplements has the ability to significantly reduce low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, increase LDL particle size, decrease LDL particle number, lower trigylcerides and very LDL levels, and increase total and high‐density lipoprotein 2b cholesterol. In addition, inflammation, oxidative stress, and immune responses are decreased. In several prospective clinical trials, coronary heart disease and cardiovascular disease have been reduced with many nutraceutical supplements. This nutritional and nutraceutical supplement treatment is a valid alternative for patients who are intolerant to statins, cannot take other drugs for the treatment of dyslipidemia, or prefer alternative treatments. This new approach to lipid management to decrease vascular disease utilizes a functional medicine approach with a broader treatment program that will address the multitude of steps involved in lipid‐induced vascular damage.
Blood Pressure Responses to Hypertension Treatment and Trends in Cognitive Function in Patients With Initially Difficult‐to‐Treat Hypertension: A Retrospective Subgroup Analysis of the Observational Study on Cognitive Function and SBP Reduction (OSCAR) Study
Authors: Petrella Robert J. , Shlyakhto Evgeny , Konradi Alexandra O. , Berrou Jean‐Pascal , Sedefdjian Armand , Pathak Atul ,   On behalf of the OSCAR Publication Group
Published: January 2012

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2012;14:78–84. ©2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The Observational Study on Cognitive Function and SBP Reduction (OSCAR) provided opportunities to examine the influence of eprosartan on trends in cognitive performance in a large population of patients with difficult‐to‐treat hypertension (DTTH). A total of 4649 patients diagnosed retrospectively with DTTH, defined as systolic/diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP) ≥140/90 mm Hg despite use of at least 3 antihypertensive drugs during the month preceding the baseline visit comprised the intention‐to‐treat (ITT) cohort. The patients were given eprosartan‐based antihypertension therapy (EBT; 600 mg/d). Blood pressure and cognitive function parameters included significant (P<.001) differences for DTTH vs non‐DTTH patients such as older age, body mass index, SBP and pulse pressure (PP), and lower Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) score. After EBT for 6 months, SBP/DBP in DTTH was 138.8±12.2/81.9±7.4 (ΔSBP−26±15.7; ΔDBP−11.4±9.8); PP was 57.0±10.8 (ΔPP−14.5±13.8) (all P<.001 vs baseline and non‐DTTH group). A total of 2576 patients (87.4%) responded to EBT (ie, SBP <140 mm Hg and/or ΔSBP ≥15 mm Hg, or DBP <90 mm Hg and/or ΔDBP ≥10 mm Hg); 1426 DTTH patients (48.4%) achieved normalized SBP/DBP (ie, SBP <140 mm Hg and DBP <90 mm Hg). ΔPP in DTTH‐isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) was −18.0±13.3 mm Hg (P=.003 vs DTTH‐systolic‐diastolic hypertension). End‐of‐EBT mean MMSE was 27.5±3.0 (P<.001 vs baseline). Blood pressure responses after EBT coincided with stabilization/improvement of MMSE in this retrospective investigation in DTTH patients. The average improvement in MMSE in DTTH patients was similar to that in non‐DTTH patients. EBT effects on PP may be relevant to the evolution of MMSE in DTTH‐ISH patients.
Bankfull Regional Curves for the Inner and Outer Bluegrass Regions of Kentucky1
Authors: Brockman Ruth R. , Agouridis Carmen T. , Workman Stephen R. , Ormsbee Lindell E. , Fogle Alex W. 
Published: January 2012

Brockman, Ruth R., Carmen T. Agouridis, Stephen R. Workman, Lindell E. Ormsbee, and Alex W. Fogle, 2012. Bankfull Regional Curves for the Inner and Outer Bluegrass Regions of Kentucky. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 48(2): 391‐406. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2011.00621.xAbstract:  Bankfull regional curves that relate channel dimensions and discharge to watershed drainage area are useful tools for assisting in the correct identification of bankfull elevation and in stream restoration and reconstruction. This study assessed 28 stable streams located in two physiographic regions of Kentucky: the Inner Bluegrass and the Outer Bluegrass. Bankfull channel dimensions, discharge, and return period as well as average channel slope, median bed material size, sinuosity, Rosgen stream classification, and percent impervious area were determined. Significant relationships were found between drainage area and the bankfull characteristics of cross‐sectional area, width, mean depth, and discharge for both the Inner Bluegrass and Outer Bluegrass regions (α = 0.05). It was also found that the percent impervious area in a watershed had minimal effect on bankfull dimensions, which is attributed to the well‐vegetated nature of the streambanks, cohesive streambank materials, and bedrock control. No significant differences between any of the Inner Bluegrass and Outer Bluegrass regional curves were found (α = 0.05). Comparisons were made between the Inner Bluegrass and Outer Bluegrass curves and others developed in karst‐influenced areas in the Eastern United States. Although few significant differences were found between the regional curves for bankfull discharge and width, a number of the curves differed with regards to bankfull cross‐sectional area and mean depth.
Optimizing Bankfull Discharge and Hydraulic Geometry Relations for Streams in New York State1
Authors: Mulvihill Christiane I. , Baldigo Barry P. 
Published: January 2012

Mulvihill, Christiane I. and Barry P. Baldigo, 2012. Optimizing Bankfull Discharge and Hydraulic Geometry Relations for Streams in New York State. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 48(3): 449‐463. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2011.00623.xAbstract:  This study analyzes how various data stratification schemes can be used to optimize the accuracy and utility of regional hydraulic geometry (HG) models of bankfull discharge, width, depth, and cross‐sectional area for streams in New York. Topographic surveys and discharge records from 281 cross sections at 82 gaging stations with drainage areas of 0.52‐396 square miles were used to create log‐log regressions of region‐based relations between bankfull HG metrics and drainage area. The success with which regional models distinguished unique bankfull discharge and HG patterns was assessed by comparing each regional model to those for all other regions and a pooled statewide model. Gages were also stratified (grouped) by mean annual runoff (MAR), Rosgen stream type, and water‐surface slope to test if these models were better predictors of HG to drainage area relations. Bankfull discharge models for Regions 4 and 7 were outside the 95% confidence interval bands of the statewide model, and bankfull width, depth, and cross‐sectional area models for Region 3 differed significantly (p < 0.05) from those of other regions. This study found that statewide relations between drainage area and HG were strongest when data were stratified by hydrologic region, but that co‐variable models could yield more accurate HG estimates in some local regional curve applications.
Nitrate Concentrations in Springs Flowing into the Lower Flint River Basin, Georgia U.S.A.1
Authors: Allums Stephanie E. , Opsahl Stephen P. , Golladay Stephen W. , Hicks David W. , Conner L. Mike 
Published: January 2012

Allums, Stephanie E., Stephen P. Opsahl, Stephen W. Golladay, David W. Hicks, and L. Mike Conner, 2012. Nitrate Concentrations in Springs Flowing Into the Lower Flint River Basin, Georgia U.S.A. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 48(3): 423‐438. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2011.00624.xAbstract:  Analysis of long‐term data from (2001‐2009) in four springs that discharge from the Upper Floridan aquifer into the Flint River (southwestern Georgia, United States) indicate aquifer and surface‐water susceptibility to nutrient loading. Nitrate‐N concentrations ranged from 1.74 to 3.30 mg/l, and exceeded historical levels reported for the Upper Floridan aquifer (0.26‐1.52 mg/l). Statistical analyses suggest increasing nitrate‐N concentration in groundwater discharging at the springs (n = 146 over eight years) and that nitrate‐N concentration is influenced by a dynamic interaction between depth to groundwater (an indicator of regional hydrologic conditions) and land use. A one‐time synoptic survey of 10 springs (6 springs in addition to the 4 previously mentioned) using stable isotopes generated δ15N‐NO3− values (4.8‐8.4‰ for rural springs and 7.7‐13.4‰ for developed/urban springs) suggesting mixed sources (i.e., fertilizer, animal waste, and soil organic nitrogen) of nitrate‐N to rural springs and predominantly animal/human waste to urban springs. These analyses indicate a direct relation between nitrate‐N loading since the 1940s and intensification of agricultural and urban land use. This study demonstrates the importance of evaluating long‐term impacts of land use on water quality in groundwater springs and in determining how rapidly these changes occur.
Conundrums in health care reform: current experiences across the North Atlantic
Authors: Currie Richard B. , Pretty Iain A. , Tickle Martin , Maupomé Gerardo 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjective: To assist stakeholders (policy makers, dentists and patients) implementing the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 in the United States by providing information on conundrums arising from previous polices of the UK Labour government and emergent policies of the recently elected Coalition Government.Methods: The authors provide a background to the development of National Health Service dental services contrasted with US provision. Considerations are given from the different perspectives of stakeholders involved (policy makers, dentists, and patients).Conclusions: Policy makers must work under pressure for services to remain within boundaries of finite economic resources and what people are willing to pay for. The importance is stressed that they respond to public demands and workforce capability by clearly determining what the priorities should be, what services will be delivered, and defining responsibilities.
The Literary Tradition of Ruins of Rome and a New Consideration of Piranesi's Staffage Figures
Authors: ZARUCCHI JEANNE MORGAN 
Published: January 2012

AbstractPiranesi's Vedute di Roma (c.1747‐78) are generally interpreted as manifestations of his admiration for Roman architecture. The inconsistency of Piranesi's staffage figures has been problematic, however, especially when they are markedly distorted and off‐balance. This study takes an interdisciplinary approach, suggesting that these staffage figures may reflect a well‐recognised literary tradition that conceived of the ruins of Rome as a metaphor for human mortality and social decay. This literature included texts by canonical authors Spenser and Du Bellay and was cited by Dr Johnson as well as a popular guidebook for travellers making the Grand Tour.
Holding a Mirror to Fiction: Voltaire and the History of Tom Jones1
Authors: LANGILLE EDOUARD 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis paper sets out some striking parallels between Voltaire's life and events in Fielding's Tom Jones, a work that inspired Candide. I argue that the autobiographical dimension latent in Candide derives from the way Voltaire saw his own life story in terms of Fielding's fiction, revisited and corrigé by the contemporary translator Pierre‐Antoine de La Place.
Skin swabbing as a new efficient DNA sampling technique in amphibians, and 14 new microsatellite markers in the alpine newt (Ichthyosaura alpestris)
Authors: PRUNIER J. , KAUFMANN B. , GROLET O. , PICARD D. , POMPANON F. , JOLY P. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis study introduces a novel DNA sampling method in amphibians using skin swabs. We assessed the relevancy of skin swabs relevancy for genetic studies by amplifying a set of 17 microsatellite markers in the alpine newt Ichthyosaura alpestris, including 14 new polymorphic loci, and a set of 11 microsatellite markers in Hyla arborea, from DNA collected with buccal swabs (the standard swab method), dorsal skin swabs and ventral skin swabs. We tested for quality and quantity of collected DNA with each method by comparing electrophoresis migration patterns. The consistency between genotypes obtained from skin swabs and buccal swabs was assessed. Dorsal swabs performed better than ventral swabs in both species, possibly due to differences in skin structure. Skin swabbing proved to be a useful alternative to buccal swabbing for small or vulnerable animals: by drastically limiting handling, this method may improve the trade‐off between the scientific value of collected data, individual welfare and species conservation. In addition, the 14 new polymorphic microsatellites for the alpine newt will increase the power of genetic studies in this species. In four populations from France (n = 19–25), the number of alleles per locus varied from 2 to 16 and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.04 to 0.91. Presence of null alleles was detected in two markers and two pairs displayed gametic disequilibrium. No locus appeared to be sex‐linked.
Useful Theories Make Predictions
Authors: Howes Andrew 
Published: January 2012

AbstractStephen and Van Orden (this issue) propose that there is a complex system approach to cognitive science, and collectively the authors of the papers presented in this issue believe that this approach provides the means to drive a revolution in the science of the mind. Unfortunately, however illuminating, this explanation is absent and hyperbole is all too extensive. In contrast, I argue (1) that dynamic systems theory is not new to cognitive science and does not provide a basis for a revolution, (2) it is not necessary to reject cognitive science in order to explain the constraints imposed by the body and the environment, (3) it is not necessary, as Silberstein and Chemero (this issue) appear to do, to reject cognitive science in order to explain consciousness, and (4) our understanding of pragmatics is not advanced by Gibbs and Van Orden‘s (this issue) “self‐organized criticality”.? Any debate about the future of cognitive science could usefully focus on predictive adequacy. Unfortunately, this is not the approach taken by the authors of this issue.
Furosemide versus Gosha‐Jinki‐Gan, a Blended Herbal Medicine, for Nocturnal Polyuria: A Randomized Crossover Trial
Authors: YOSHIMURA Koji , SHIMIZU Yosuke , MASUI Kimihiko , OKUNO Hiroshi , UEDA Tomohiro , SODA Takeshi , OGAWA Osamu 
Published: January 2012

Objectives: To investigate the efficacy of two types of drugs, furosemide and gosha‐jinki‐gan (GJG), for treatment of nocturia with nocturnal polyuria using a randomized crossover method.Methods: A total of 36 patients with nocturnal polyuria were recruited for this study. We assessed the International Prostate Symptom Score (I‐PSS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), frequency volume charts, blood pressure, urine chemistry, serum B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and body fluid compartments.Results: Both furosemide and GJG significantly improved the nocturia score in the I‐PSS, the I‐PSS Quality of Life (QOL) score, actual nocturnal frequency and hours of undisturbed sleep compared with those at baseline. Nocturnal frequency and nocturnal urine volume were more significantly reduced by furosemide treatment than with GJG treatment. The I‐PSS total score and nocturnal urine volume significantly improved only by furosemide treatment.Conclusion: Furosemide treatment definitively improved nocturia with nocturnal polyuria. GJG treatment may also induce mild improvement of nocturnal polyuria, although further study is required to confirm its efficacy.
Efficacy and safety of Abraxane in treatment of progressive and recurrent non‐small cell lung cancer patients: A retrospective clinical study
Authors: Yuan Dong‐mei , Lv Yan‐ling , Yao Yan‐wen , Miao Xiao‐hui , Wang Qian , Xiao Xin‐wu , Yin Jie , Shi Yi , Shi Mei‐qi , Zhang Xiu‐wei , Song Yong 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackground:  Abraxane is a novel Cremophor‐free nanoparticle paclitaxel that has been demonstrated to improve efficacy in the treatment of solid tumors. We undertook this retrospective study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Abraxane in the progressive or recurrent non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.Methods:  From August 2009 to April 2011, 33 patients who were diagnosed with progressive or recurrent NSCLC and treated with one or more prior platinum‐based chemotherapies, were enrolled. The patients were injected with Abraxane, 260 mg/m2, d1, and were evaluated for efficacy and safety. The treatment was repeated every three weeks unless progressive lesions or unacceptable toxicities were found.Results:  There were no complete response and 11 partial responses (33.3%). Patients with squamous cell carcinoma showed better responses than those with adenocarcinoma (41.7% and 21.1%, respectively). Fourteen patients had stable disease, and the disease control rate was 75.8%. The median progression‐free survival was five months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.5–6.5). Four patients (12.1%) experienced grade 3–4 hematologic toxicities; one anemia (3.0%), two leucopenia (6.1%) and one thrombocytopenia (3.0%). Six patients (18.2%) experienced grade 3–4 non‐hematologic toxicities; two abnormal hepatic functions (6.1%), one fatigue (3.0%), one peripheral neuropathy (3.0%), and two alopecia (6.1%).Conclusion:  Recurrent and progressive NSCLC patients pretreated with platinum‐based chemotherapy might benefit from Abraxane with tolerable adverse events.
Prompt before the choice is made: Effects of a stair‐climbing intervention in university buildings
Authors: Lewis Amanda , Eves Frank 
Published: January 2012

Objectives.  Recent interventions report positive results following a multi‐component campaign to increase stair climbing. This study investigated the effectiveness of volitional and motivational components of a stair‐climbing intervention in the workplace.Design.  Interrupted time‐series design.Methods.  Ascending stair/lift choices, coded by gender, were observed between 08:00–10:00 and 14:15–16:15 on weekdays, in four university buildings (n = 14,138; 46% female). Baseline observations (stage 1; 5 days) preceded a motivational intervention, that is, a poster positioned inside the lift(s), that was positioned in each building (stage 2; 5 days). Next a volitional intervention, that is, point‐of‐choice prompt, supplemented the motivational one (stage 3; 8 days). Logistic regression analysis of stair/lift choices included the independent variables of intervention components, gender, time of day, building height, number of lifts, and pedestrian traffic.Results.  There was no significant change in stair climbing when the motivational component was positioned alone (Odds Ratio [OR] = 0.93, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 0.85–1.02, p = .123). In contrast, stair climbing increased significantly when the volitional component, that is, the point‐of‐choice prompt, was added (OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.14–1.32, p < .001). During both stages, building height, number of lifts, time of day, and pedestrian traffic were all associated with stair climbing. No significant gender effects were seen.Conclusions.  A motivational component positioned alone, inside the lift(s) did not increase stair climbing. When a volitional component was added, that is, point‐of‐choice prompt positioned at the time and place where individuals choose their method of ascent, stair climbing increased significantly. Visibility of a prompt at the time behavioural choice is made appears necessary to change actual behaviour.
S‐Glutathionylation of troponin I (fast) increases contractile apparatus Ca2+ sensitivity in fast‐twitch muscle fibres of rats and humans
Authors: Mollica J. P. , Dutka T. L. , Merry T. L. , Lamboley C. R. , McConell G. K. , McKenna M. J. , Murphy R. M. , Lamb G. D. 
Published: January 2012

Key points
Reactive oxygen‐based molecules generated within muscle fibres in both exercise and pathological conditions can greatly affect muscle function. These and consequent reactions can lead to either decreased or increased force response by the contractile proteins, but the mechanisms are unknown.
This study demonstrates that the increase in force response appears to be due to a specific chemical process, known as S‐glutathionylation, of a particular cysteine residue present on the troponin I molecule in fast‐twitch muscle fibres, which is involved in sensing and responding to changes in intracellular calcium levels.
S‐Glutathionylation can occur when glutathione, the primary cellular anti‐oxidant, reacts with oxidized cysteine residues.
S‐Glutathionylation of troponin I not only helps protect the molecule from oxidative stress, but evidently also makes the contractile apparatus much more sensitive to calcium ions.
This process seemingly occurs in exercising humans and is likely to be an important mechanism helping delay onset of muscle fatigue.