bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L'immobilier à Caen : dynamiques péricentrales et mutations socio-spatiales récentes (1995-1998)
Authors: Grisoni-Niaki Jean-Claude 
Published: March 2011

Les dynamiques de transformations urbaines qui se déploient intensément au cœur des villes s'étendent maintenant sur un espace géographique plus élargi en débordant au-delà des limites admises comme telles dans les années quarante! cinquante pour les plus grandes métropoles, plus tardivement pour les villes moyennes. La frange contiguë aux noyaux historiques, le péricentre, est progressivement annexée et revalorisée; elle offre les dernières opportunités foncières, ainsi qu'un cadre bâti ancien à réhabiliter.
L'espace péricentral à Caen fait l'objet, depuis le début des années quatre-vingt-dix, d'une reconquête massive. La multiplication d'opérations immobilières conduit à une redistribution spatiale et structurelle de l'offre en logements, même si le cœur ancien maintient tant bien que maison attractivité. Mais ce renouveau de l'immobilier, à partir du petit locatif privé, plonge la ville dans une nouvelle crise, celle de la pléthore en logements.
A field test of inverse modeling of seed dispersal
Authors: Sánchez Jose M. Contreras , Greene David F. , Quesada Mauricio 
Published: March 2011

• Premise of the study: Seed dispersal distance—a key process in plant population dynamics—remains poorly understood because of the difficulty of finding a source plant so well isolated from conspecifics that seeds or seedlings can be unambiguously attributed to it. Inverse modeling (IM) of seed dispersal, a simple statistical technique for parameterizing dispersal kernels, has been widely used since 1992; surprisingly, however, this approach has never been verified in the field.• Methods: We released from 20 nearby trees the winged seeds of a liana species, Entada polystachya, near the coast in a tropical, dry forest in Jalisco, Mexico.• Key results: With a two‐parameter log‐normal function, we found that IM predicted both the shape and scale parameters well as long as we used the entire data set. When, however, we subsampled (thus simulating the use of transects for seedlings or an array of seed traps), the estimates of the scale and shape parameters were often more than double the real values. The problem was due to the marked anisotropy (directional bias; in this case, in the direction of the diurnal sea breeze) of the individual dispersal curves. When we randomized the direction of dispersal of individual seeds from the trees (keeping dispersal distances unchanged), predictions of parameter values were excellent.• Conclusions: Inverse modeling must include directional parameters when dealing with areas where strong anisotropy is to be expected, e.g., for wind dispersal of seeds near coasts or pollination by any vector where a plant species is limited to a strongly linear habitat such as river banks.
« Compstat » à Paris : initiative et mise en responsabilité policière
Authors: Didier Emmanuel 
Published: March 2011

« Compstat » est un dispositif de management quantitatif néo-liberal qui fut inventé par le département de police de New York pendant les années 1990 et qui fut importé à Paris à par le préfet de police au début des années 2000. Grâce à une description ethnographique du fonctionnement de ce dispositif en France, l’auteur montre ici comment le recours au chiffre a réorganisé la sécurité publique et valorisé la « prise d’initiative » et la « mise en responsabilité » individuelle des agents. Il montre aussi comme ces deux expressions qui proviennent du terrain sont à entendre dans un sens plus proche de l’efficacité comptable que du droit administratif.
Subdivisions of Simplicial Complexes Preserving the Metric Topology
Authors: Mine Kotaro , Sakai Katsuro 
Published: March 2011

AbstractLet |K| be the metric polyhedron of a simplicial complex K. In this paper, we characterize a simplicial subdivision K′ of K preserving the metric topology for |K| as the one such that the set K′(0) of vertices of K′ is discrete in |K|. We also prove that two such subdivisions of K have such a common subdivision.
SIR epidemics in monogamous populations with recombination
Authors: Zanette Damián H. 
Published: March 2011

We study the propagation of an SIR (susceptible--infectious--recovered) disease over an agent population which, at any instant, is fully divided into couples of agents. Couples are occasionally allowed to exchange their members. This process of couple recombination can compensate the instantaneous disconnection of the interaction pattern and thus allow for the propagation of the infection. We study the incidence of the disease as a function of its infectivity and of the recombination rate of couples, thus characterizing the interplay between the epidemic dynamics and the evolution of the population's interaction pattern. Received: 12 August 2010, Accepted: 18 February 2011; Edited by: G. C. Barker; Reviewed by: B. Blasius, ICBM, University of Oldenburg, Germany; DOI: 10.4279/PIP.030001Cite as: D. H. Zanette, Papers in Physics 3, 030001 (2011)
Poly(diketopyrrolopyrrole‐benzothiadiazole) with Ambipolarity Approaching 100% Equivalency
Authors: Cho Shinuk , Lee Junghoon , Tong Minghong , Seo Jung Hwa , Yang Changduk 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAs a characteristic feature of conventional conjugated polymers, it has been generally agreed that conjugated polymers exhibit either high hole transport property (p‐type) or high electron transport property (n‐type). Although ambipolar properties have been demonstrated from specially designed conjugated polymers, only a few examples have exhibited ambipolar transport properties under limited conditions. Furthermore, there is, as yet, no example with ‘equivalent’ hole and electron transport properties. We describe the realization of an equivalent ambipolar organic field‐effect transistor (FET) by using a single‐component visible–near infrared absorbing diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)‐benzothiadiazole (BTZ) copolymer, namely poly[3,6‐dithiene‐2‐yl‐2,5‐di(2‐decyltetradecyl)‐pyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐1,4‐dione‐5’,5’’‐diyl‐alt‐benzo‐2,1, 3‐thiadiazol‐4,7‐diyl] (PDTDPP‐alt‐BTZ). PDTDPP‐alt‐BTZ shows not only ideally balanced charge carrier mobilities for both electrons (▴e = 0.09 cm2V−1s−1) and holes (▴h = 0.1 cm2V−1s−1) but also its inverter constructed with the combination of two identical ambipolar FETs exhibits a gain of ∼35 that is much higher than usually obtained values for unipolar logic.
Tubular multi‐bilayer polysaccharide biofilms on ultra‐thin cellulose fibers
Authors: Ding Bin , Du Jian , Hsieh You‐Lo 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMultiple bilayered polysaccharide biofilms have been assembled by electrostatic layer‐by‐layer (LBL), alternating deposition of cationic chitosan (CS, Mv = 405 kDa) and anionic dextran sulfate (DXS, Mw = 500 kDa) onto ultra‐fine cellulose (CELL) and partially hydrolyzed cellulose acetate fibers with diameters ranging from 350 to 410 nm. While the surfaces of partially hydrolyzed (degrees of substitution of 1.14 or 0.2) and CELL fibers were equally hydrophilic, higher surface charges on the more hydrolyzed fibers afford thicker bilayers. The elestrostatic interactions between CS and DXS were enhanced by the presence of NaCl in the dipping and rinsing solutions to allow uniform deposition of sequential polysaccharide bilayers. At 0.25M NaCl, each CS/DXS bilayer averaged 6.4 to 9.0 nm thick with the total thickness of the five bilayer (CS/DXS)5 varied from 64 to 77 nm. The CS/DXS bilayers exhibited much reduced BET surface area and pore volume indicating that these polysaccharides were much more densely packed on the fully hydrolyzed CELL fibers. The findings proofed the concept that long chain polysaccharide electrolytes can be self‐assembled as nanometer scale tubular bilayers on ultra‐fine cellulose fibers to afford wholly polysaccharidic fibrous architecture. The electrolytic nature, chemical reactivity, and structural versatility of these ultra‐high specific surface polysaccharides are advantageous and can be further tuned to serve biological functions and for biomedical applications. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Electrical response of polypyrrole films doped with dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid to acetone vapor
Authors: Campos M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMeasurements of current‐voltage curves at room temperature, in nitrogen and nitrogen‐acetone atmospheres have clearly demonstrated the rectifying behavior of the Al/PPy‐DBSA/Au structure. For this structure, the values of 0.82 eV and 2.31, for the barrier height and ideality factor, respectively, have been obtained in nitrogen atmosphere, while at concentration of 120 ppm of acetone, the corresponding values were 0.74 eV and 2.07. The barrier height value obtained from I–V characteristic is lower than the barrier height value obtained from C‐V measurements. The discrepancy can be due to the existence of an interfacial oxide layer between the semiconductor and Schottky contact metal. The density distribution curves of the interface states vary in the range (0.55–EV) to (0.84–EV) for pure nitrogen, and (0.45–EV) to (0.60–EV) in atmosphere with acetone. The interface state density has an exponential rise with bias from the midgap towards the top of the valence band of the PPy‐DBSA. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Nanocomposites derived from cellulose acetate and highly branched alkoxysilane
Authors: Aparecida da Silva Cristiane , Maria Favaro Márcia , Pagotto Yoshida Inez Valéria , do Carmo Gonçalves Maria 
Published: March 2011

AbstractHighly branched alkoxysilane (HB) units were prepared in situ via a Michael‐type reaction between pentaerythrithol triacrylate and aminopropyltriethoxysilane. These units were used as an inorganic component for the modification of cellulose acetate (CA) films using the sol–gel process. The thermal and dynamic‐mechanical behaviors, the morphology, and the dimensional stability of the modified CA films were analyzed. The siloxane‐modified CA films showed thermal stability similar to pure CA, but the residue content at 900°C increased with the addition of HB units. The morphology of these films was characterized by siloxane nanodomains dispersed in the CA matrix, with good interfacial adhesion between the phases. Moreover, the CA/siloxane nanocomposite films showed improved dimensional stability in comparison with CA, i.e., in the presence of HB, the dimensional change was reduced to around 50% of the value observed for pure CA. Finally, a complex dynamic‐mechanical behavior was obtained for the nanocomposite films, as a consequence of the heterogeneous morphology. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
An environmentally compatible synthesis of polyesters derived from 5‐(2‐phthalimidoethanesulfonamido) isophthalic acid as a novel diacid monomer
Authors: Karimi Zarchi Mohammad Ali , Tayefi Mohammad , Tirgir Farhang , Sabzalian Mohammad R. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA biologically active diacid monomer, 5‐(2‐phthalimidoethanesulfonamido) isophthalic acid (6), based on taurine, was easily prepared in three steps. Also a series of novel biologically active polyesters (PE)s were synthesized by the reaction of this monomer with several aromatic diols by step growth polymerization using tosyl chloride (TsCl)/dimethylformamide (DMF)/pyridine (Py) system as a condensing agent. The resulting new polymers were obtained in good to high yields with moderate inherent viscosities. All of the PEs were characterized by FTIR and some of them were also characterized by 1H‐NMR and elemental analyses methods. The thermal stability of PEs was evaluated with thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry techniques under a nitrogen atmosphere and it was found that they have moderate stability. Wheat seedlings were normally grown in the presence of 6 and it's derived PEs in soil. Also the high dehydrogenase activities in treated soils with obtained compounds showed biodegradability of polymers under soil burial in natural environments. It can be concluded that the synthesized compounds derived from taurine are possibly biologically active and environmentally nontoxic for soil microorganisms. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
The Face of Strigorhysis: Implications of Another Tarsier‐like, Large‐Eyed Eocene North American Tarsiiform Primate
Authors: Rosenberger Alfred L. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe hypothesis that hypertrophic eyeballs were widespread among Eocene tarsiiform primates can be tested by qualitatively examining an integrated set of anatomical features involving the middle face, palate, and orbital floor that are also manifest in Tarsius. The North American anaptomorphine Strigorhysis, restudied via micro‐CT, is presented as an example, one of about nine fossil tarsiiforms (FTs) with moderately to enormously enlarged eyes—some possibly tarsier‐sized. The eyeballs of Strigorhysis likely were ectopic and comparable in relative size to the smallest‐bodied living tarsier, T. pumulis. These fossils, constituting approximately one‐third of the Eocene tarsiiform adaptive radiation and possibly others still known essentially from dental remains, appear to form a monophyletic group that includes Tarsius. Small‐eyed genera usually classified as omomyids, such as Teilhardina and Rooneyia, are not part of this clade. Although the precise affinities of Tarsius cannot yet be established, the widespread presence of meticulously similar orbital and facial morphology among the fossils suggest it is an ancestral condition—derived for haplorhines—shared by them and not multiply evolved via parallelism or convergence. Consequently, the rarer, tarsier‐like postcranial characters found only among European microchoerines, which all exhibit degrees of orbital hypertrophy, should be revisited as potential Tarsius synapomorphies. The overwhelming evidence from the skull and from phylogenetics makes it a vanishingly small possibility that Tarsius is more closely relate to anthropoids than to a subset of FTs. Anat Rec, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of Habitat Light Intensity on Mammalian Eye Shape
Authors: Veilleux Carrie C. , Lewis Rebecca J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMany aspects of mammalian visual anatomy vary with activity pattern, reflecting the divergent selective pressures imposed by low light and high light visual environments. However, ambient light intensity can also differ substantially between and within habitats due to differences in foliage density. We explored the effects of interhabitat and intrahabitat variation in light intensity on mammalian visual anatomy. Data on relative cornea size, activity pattern, and habitat type were collected from the literature for 209 terrestrial mammal species. In general, mammalian relative cornea size significantly varied by habitat type. In within‐order and across‐mammal analyses, diurnal and cathemeral mammals from forested habitats exhibited relatively larger corneas than species from more open habitats, reflecting an adaptation to increase visual sensitivity in forest species. However, in all analyses, we found no habitat‐type effect in nocturnal species, suggesting that nocturnal mammals may experience selection to maximize visual sensitivity across all habitats. We also examined whether vertical strata usage affected relative cornea size in anthropoid primates. In most analyses, species occupying lower levels of forests and woodlands did not exhibit relatively larger corneas than species utilizing higher levels. Thus, unlike differences in intensity between habitat types, differences in light intensity between vertical forest strata do not appear to exert a strong selective pressure on visual morphology. These results suggest that terrestrial mammal visual systems reflect specializations for habitat variation in light intensity, and that habitat type as well as activity pattern have influenced mammalian visual evolution. Anat Rec, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chiral Bis(oxazoline) Ruthenium Complexes with Bipyridyl‐Type N‐Heteroaromatics: Comparative Stereochemical and Photochemical Characterization of their Λ‐ and Δ‐Diastereomeric Geminate Isomers
Authors: Onishi Masayoshi , Tashiro Yoko , Arikawa Yasuhiro , Nagaoka Junko , Umakoshi Keisuke , Sunada Yusuke , Nozaki Koichi 
Published: March 2011

AbstractDiastereomeric geminate pairs of chiral bis(2‐oxazoline) ruthenium complexes with bipyridyl‐type N‐heteroaromatics, Λ‐ and Δ‐[Ru(L‐L)2(iPr‐biox)]2+ (iPr‐biox=(4S,4′S)‐4,4′‐diisopropyl‐2,2′‐bis(2‐oxazoline); L‐L=2,2′‐bipyridyl (bpy) for 1 Λ and 1 Δ, 4,4′‐dimethyl‐2,2′‐bipyridyl (dmbpy) for 2 Λ and 2 Δ, and 1,10‐phenanthroline (phen) for 3 Λ and 3 Δ), were separated as BF4 and PF6 salts and were subjected to the comparative studies of their stereochemical and photochemical characterization. DFT calculations of 1 Λ and 1 Δ electronic configurations for the lowest triplet excited state revealed that their MO‐149 (HOMO) and MO‐150 (lower SOMO) characters are interchanged between them and that the phosphorescence‐emissive states are an admixture of a Ru‐to‐biox charge‐transfer state and an intraligand excited state within the iPr‐biox. Furthermore, photoluminescence properties of the two Λ,Δ‐diastereomeric series are discussed with reference to [Ru(bpy)3]2+.
Stabilization of triple‐helical structures of collagen peptides containing a Hyp‐Thr‐Gly, Hyp‐Val‐Gly, or Hyp‐Ser‐Gly sequence
Authors: Okuyama Kenji , Miyama Keita , Morimoto Tatsuya , Masakiyo Kouichi , Mizuno Kazunori , Bächinger Hans Peter 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe single‐crystal structures of three collagen‐like host–guest peptides, (Pro‐Pro‐Gly)4‐Hyp‐Yaa‐Gly‐(Pro‐Pro‐Gly)4 [Yaa = Thr, Val, Ser; Hyp = (4R)‐4‐hydroxyproline] were analyzed at atomic resolution. These peptides adopted a 7/2‐helical structure similar to that of the (Pro‐Pro‐Gly)9 peptide. The stability of these triple helices showed a similar tendency to that observed in Ac‐(Gly‐Hyp‐Yaa)10‐NH2 (Yaa = Thr, Val, Ser) peptides. On the basis of their detailed structures, the differences in the triple‐helical stabilities of the peptides containing a Hyp‐Thr‐Gly, Hyp‐Val‐Gly, or Hyp‐Ser‐Gly sequence were explained in terms of van der Waals interactions and dipole–dipole interaction between the Hyp residue in the X position and the Yaa residue in the Y position involved in the Hyp(X):Yaa(Y) stacking pair. This idea also explains the inability of Ac‐(Gly‐Hyp‐alloThr)10‐NH2 and Ac‐(Gly‐Hyp‐Ala)10‐NH2 peptides to form triple helices. In the Hyp(X):Thr(Y), Hyp(X):Val(Y), and Hyp(X):Ser(Y) stacking pairs, the proline ring of the Hyp residues adopts an up‐puckering conformation, in agreement with the residual preference of Hyp, but in disagreement with the positional preference of X in the Gly‐Xaa‐Yaa sequence. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 95: 628–640, 2011.
Experimental comparison of mesenteric vessel sealing and thermal damage between one bipolar and two ultrasonic shears devices
Authors: Noble E J , Smart N J , Challand C , Sleigh K , Oriolowo A , Hosie K B 
Published: March 2011

Abstract

Background
Several instruments are available for open and laparoscopic dissection, including electrothermal bipolar vessel sealers and ultrasonically coagulating shears. The vessel sealing ability of three devices in colorectal specimens was compared in an experimental study.

Methods
Surgical specimens from patients scheduled for elective open or laparoscopic colorectal resection were allocated to one of the three devices. After removal of the surgical specimen, up to eight mesenteric vessels were dissected ex vivo and sealed using the allocated instrument. The vessel seal was tested for the maximum pressure at which it leaked and then assessed by a pathologist for depth of thermal tissue damage.

Results
A total of 93 vessels from 18 patients were assessed ex vivo (LOTUS™n = 33; Harmonic Ace®n = 30; LigaSure™n = 30), a median of 6 (range 1–8) vessels per surgical specimen with a mean(s.d.) diameter of 1·06(0·70) mm and wall thickness of 0·29(0·19) mm. Mean(s.d.) bursting pressures were 1170(440), 1470(670) and 1510(740) mmHg with LOTUS™, Harmonic Ace® and LigaSure™ respectively. ANCOVA showed no difference in bursting pressure between the instruments (P = 0·058). The depth of thermal damage was significantly greater with LigaSure™ (3·37(1·44) mm) than with LOTUS™ (2·18(0·99) mm; P &lt; 0·001) or Harmonic Ace® (1·95(0·92) mm; P &lt; 0·001).

Conclusion
All three instruments were equally good at sealing blood vessels, with bursting pressures well above physiological blood pressure levels. Registration number: NCT01121614 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Identification of isomeric spin adducts of Leu–Tyr and Tyr–Leu free radicals using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Domingues Pedro , Fonseca Conceição , Reis Ana , Domingues M. Rosário M. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTFree radical species are generally short‐lived due to their high reactivity and thus direct measurement and identification are often impossible. In this study we used a spin trap, 5,5‐dimethyl‐1‐pyrroline‐N‐oxide (DMPO), to trap radical intermediates formed during the oxidation of isomeric dipeptides tyrosine–leucine (Tyr–Leu) and leucine–tyrosine (Leu–Tyr), induced by the hydroxyl radical. To investigate the influence of the amino acid position in the peptide chain on the oxidation and free radical generation, the spin adducts were characterized using LC‐MS and MSn. We detected carbon and oxygen DMPO adducts and adducts bearing two DMPO, which were analyzed by MSn. Both alkoxyl and peroxyl radicals were identified. Radical intermediates were localized in Tyr during oxidation of Tyr–Leu, while radicals were identified in Leu and Tyr during oxidation of Leu–Tyr. DMPO adducts of acyl radical species formed from cleavage of the peptide backbone, promoted by the alkoxyl radical in α carbon of the N‐terminal amino acid were observed. The results show that the amino acid position has an influence in the oxidation process, at least on small peptides, and that the α carbon of the N‐terminal amino acid is more vulnerable to the attack of the electrophilic hydroxyl radical. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Why do solution additives suppress the heat‐induced inactivation of proteins? Inhibition of chemical modifications
Authors: Tomita Shunsuke , Shiraki Kentaro 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThermoinactivation of proteins is prevented by several kinds of solution additives such as chaotropes, amino acids, amino acid derivatives, and polyamines. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of action of the various additives that prevent thermoinactivation of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A and hen egg white lysozyme. The thermoinactivation of both proteins in the presence of additives showed clear correlations with deamidation and β‐elimination of the proteins. Thus, experimental evidences indicated that the effects of additives on thermoinactivation of proteins are highly due to the suppression of chemical modifications. To our surprise, not only the suppressive effect of the additives on heat‐induced inactivation but also that on the chemical modification of proteins is remarkably similar by comparison of two unrelated proteins. This finding indicates the generality of the effects of additives on heat‐induced chemical modification of proteins. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2011