bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Femtosecond Laser Lamellar Keratoplasty to Aid Visualization for Cataract Surgery
Authors: Lee Doh , Kim Jin-Hyoung , Oh Sae-Hoon , Choi Suk-Kyue , Kim Jung Kweon 
Published: October 2009

Purpose:
To describe a new surgical technique for a patient with cataract combined with corneal opacity.

Methods:
This technique, femtosecond laser–assisted cataract surgery, was performed on a patient with a history of corneal opacity in both eyes from childhood. Because the patient had deep stromal corneal opacity, a corneal button 400-µm thick was made for lamellar keratoplasty while cataract surgery was performed simultaneously.

Results:
Lifting of the flap and removal of the corneal button before cataract surgery was successful without any intraoperative complications.

Conclusions:

Femtosecond laser–assisted cataract surgery is a promising surgical procedure for a cataract patient with stromal corneal opacity. [
J Refract Surg
. 2009;25:902–904.]
Comparison of Clinical and Patient-Reported Outcomes With Bilateral AcrySof Toric or Spherical Control Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Lane Stephen S. , Ernest Paul , Miller Kevin M. , Hileman Kendra S. , Harris Blake , Waycaster Curtis R. 
Published: October 2009

Purpose:
To compare clinical and patient-reported outcomes with bilateral implantation of AcrySof toric or spherical control (Alcon Laboratories Inc) intraocular lenses (IOLs).

Methods:
Patients with cataract and corneal astigmatism who previously received either an AcrySof toric IOL or an AcrySof spherical control IOL were offered implantation of the same IOL in the fellow eye. Six-month assessments included visual acuity, refractive cylinder, spectacle use, and patient satisfaction.

Results:

The study included 62 patients (toric, n=40; control, n=22). All corneal incisions were temporal, with final mean incision sizes of 3.0 mm for the toric IOL and 3.1 mm for the spherical control IOL. A significantly greater proportion of patients with toric IOLs achieved spectacle independence for distance vision and did not require prescription glasses for near or distance vision (
P
=.0190). Patients with toric IOLs had significantly less residual refractive cylinder (
P
<.0001) and better binocular distance uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) (
P
=.0014) than those with spherical control IOLs.

Conclusions:

Patients with bilateral AcrySof toric IOLs achieved superior spectacle freedom, residual refractive cylinder, and distance UCVA compared to patients with bilateral spherical control IOLs. [
J Refract Surg
. 2009;25:899–901.]
Intrastromal Correction of Presbyopia Using a Femtosecond Laser System
Authors: Ruiz Luis Antonio , Cepeda Liliana Marcela , Fuentes Vanessa Carolina 
Published: October 2009

Purpose:To introduce a new, minimally invasive intrastromal correction for presbyopia (INTRACOR procedure) using the TECHNOLAS femtosecond laser system (Technolas Perfect Vision GmbH).Methods:The INTRACOR procedure was performed in 83 eyes of 45 patients aged 44 to 67 years. Followup was 6 to 12 months. Data recorded included age; pre- and postoperative refraction; uncorrected distance (UDVA), intermediate, and near visual acuity (UNVA); corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA); distance corrected near visual acuity; corneal hysteresis (CH), corneal resistance factor (CRF), and asphericity; pachymetry; endothelial cell density; contrast sensitivity; and ocular aberrations.Results:At 6 months postoperatively, all 83 (100%) eyes had improved UNVA, with minimal or no change in UDVA. Twenty-two eyes were available at 12 months; UNVA improved to J1 in these eyes with continued improvement in mean UDVA. At last follow-up, a mild myopic shift in refraction was noted with only 3 (3.6%) eyes showing a 2- or 3-line decrease of UDVA, and 74 (89.2%) eyes achieved both J2 and 20/25 or better. Mean CDVA and distance corrected near visual acuity continued to improve with time. Two (2.4%) eyes lost 2 lines of CDVA at 6 months, but this did not occur in the 22 eyes seen at 1 year. Overall stability was noted in CH, CRF, pachymetry, endothelial cell density, and contrast sensitivity. Primary spherical aberrations shifted toward negative values and secondary spherical aberration shifted toward positive values. No corneal structural complications were observed.Conclusions:The INTRACOR intrastromal procedure using the TECHNOLAS femtosecond laser is a promising procedure for presbyopia correction. It preserves the corneal epithelium and anterior stromal fibers. [J Refract Surg. 2009;25:847–854.]
Effect of Femtosecond Laser Energy Level on Corneal Stromal Cell Death and Inflammation
Authors: de Medeiros Fabricio Witzel , Kaur Harmeet , Agrawal Vandana , Chaurasia Shyam S. , Hammel Jefferey , Dupps William J. , Wilson Steven E. 
Published: October 2009

Purpose:
To analyze the effects of variations in femtosecond laser energy level on corneal stromal cell death and inflammatory cell influx following flap creation in a rabbit model.

Methods:

Eighteen rabbits were stratified in three different groups according to level of energy applied for flap creation (six animals per group). Three different energy levels were chosen for both the lamellar and side cut: 2.7
µ
J (high energy), 1.6
µ
J (intermediate energy), and 0.5
µ
J (low energy) with a 60 kHz, model II, femtosecond laser (IntraLase). The opposite eye of each rabbit served as a control. At the 24-hour time point after surgery, all rabbits were euthanized and the corneoscleral rims were analyzed for the levels of cell death and inflammatory cell influx with the terminal uridine deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay and immunocytochemistry for monocyte marker CD11b, respectively.

Results:

The high energy group (31.9±7.1 [standard error of mean (SEM) 2.9]) had significantly more TUNEL-positive cells in the central flap compared to the intermediate (22.2±1.9 [SEM 0.8],
P
=.004), low (17.9±4.0 [SEM 1.6],
P
⩽.001), and control eye (0.06±0.02 [SEM 0.009],
P
⩽.001) groups. The intermediate and low energy groups also had significantly more TUNEL-positive cells than the control groups (
P
⩽.001). The difference between the intermediate and low energy levels was not significant (
P
=.56). The mean for CD11b-positive cells/400× field at the flap edge was 26.1±29.3 (SEM 11.9), 5.8±4.1 (SEM 1.6), 1.6±4.1 (SEM 1.6), and 0.005±0.01 (SEM 0.005) for high energy, intermediate energy, low energy, and control groups, respectively. Only the intermediate energy group showed statistically more inflammatory cells than control eyes (
P
=.015), most likely due to variability between eyes.

Conclusions:

Higher energy levels trigger greater cell death when the femtosecond laser is used to create corneal flaps. Greater corneal inflammatory cell infiltration is observed with higher femtosecond laser energy levels. [
J Refract Surg
. 2009;25:869–874.]
Effects of Altered Corneal Stiffness on Native and Postoperative LASIK Corneal Biomechanical Behavior: A Whole-eye Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Roy Abhijit Sinha , Dupps William J. 
Published: October 2009

Purpose:
To investigate the impact of corneal elasticity on corneal shape changes before and after simulated LASIK with and without consideration of whole-eye biomechanics.

Methods:
A finite element whole-eye model of a human eye was constructed. The cornea was modeled as hyper-elastic and incompressible using experimental data representing a range of corneal stiffness. The corneal response to intraocular pressure loading and LASIK for 2.00, 4.00, and 6.00 diopters of spherical myopia was analyzed as a function of corneal stiffness and limbal boundary conditions.

Results:
Myopic LASIK produced different degrees of central flattening and postoperative ametropia in low-stiffness and high-stiffness corneas. Although a cornea-only model demonstrated maximum stresses and displacements in the central cornea and predicted residual myopia, a whole-eye model with equivalent corneal stiffness predicted greater paracentral displacements and less myopic undercorrection. In a whole-eye model with a stiffer cornea, maximum displacements shifted further toward the limbus, favoring additional mechanically mediated central flattening and refractive overcorrection (hyperopia). In postoperative LASIK models thinned by high myopic corrections, corneal stiffening caused central cornea flattening.

Conclusions:

Differences in the corneoscleral stiffness relationship affect simulated refractive outcomes after LASIK and may be a source of individual variation in refractive surgery outcomes. A whole-eye model allowing limbal motion illustrates a stiffness-dependent biomechanical balance between central corneal flattening and pre-ectatic weakening of the corneal apex not demonstrated in previous computational models and provides insight into under- and overcorrection in myopic LASIK and the previously unexplained phenomenon of corneal flattening after therapeutic collagen cross-linking for keratoconus. [
J Refract Surg
. 2009;25:875–887.]
Cardiopulmonary complications leading to premature deaths in adult patients with sickle cell disease
Authors: Fitzhugh Courtney D. , Lauder Naudia , Jonassaint Jude C. , Telen Marilyn J. , Zhao Xiongce , Wright Elizabeth C. , Gilliam Francis R. , De Castro Laura M. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractSickle cell disease (SCD) is associated with early mortality. We sought to determine the incidence, cause, and risk factors for death in an adult population of patients with SCD. All patients aged ≥18 years seen at the Adult Sickle Cell Center at Duke University Medical Center between January 2000 and April 2005 were enrolled. Forty‐three patients (21 males and 22 females) died during the study period. The median age of survival was 39 years for females (95% CI: 34–56), 40 years for males (95% CI: 34–48), and 40 years overall (95% CI: 35–48). Cardiac causes of death accounted for 25.6% (11/43 patients); pulmonary, 14.0% (six patients); other SCD related, 32.6% (14 patients); unknown, 14.0% (six patients); and others, 14.0% (six patients). Pulseless electrical activity arrest, pulmonary emboli, multiorgan failure, and stroke were the most frequent causes of death. Among the deceased patients, the most common premorbid conditions were cardiopulmonary: acute chest syndrome/pneumonia (58.1%), Pulmonary hypertension (pHTN; 41.9%), systemic HTN (25.6%), congestive heart failure (25.6%), myocardial infarction (20.9%), and arrhythmias (14.0%). Tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity was significantly higher (3.1 m/sec vs. 2.6 m/sec, P < 0.001) and hemoglobin significantly lower (8.3 g/dL vs. 9.2 g/dL, P < 0.05) in deceased patients when compared with patients who lived, respectively. With improved preventive and therapeutic advances, including hydroxyurea therapy, acute complications such as infection are no longer the leading cause of death; instead, causes of death and premorbid conditions are shifting to chronic cardiopulmonary complications. Further, arrhythmia leading to premature death is under‐recognized in SCD and warrants further investigation. Am. J. Hematol., 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Satoyoshi syndrome with unusual skeletal abnormalities and parental consanguinity
Authors: Venegas‐Vega C.A. , Rivera‐Vega M.R. , Cuevas‐Covarrubias S. , Orozco J. , Kofman‐Alfaro S. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractSatoyoshi syndrome (SS) (OMIM 600705) is a rare multisystemic disorder of unknown etiology characterized by progressive painful intermittent muscle spasm, alopecia universalis, diarrhea, short stature, amenorrhea, and secondary skeletal abnormalities mimicking a metaphyseal chondrodysplasia. To date all reported cases have been sporadic. We describe a 26‐year‐old Mexican woman, a product of consanguineous parents with clinical characteristics of SS. Our patient, also showed skeletal anomalies not previously reported that seems to be a coincidental finding. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Weismann‐Netter syndrome and mental retardation: A new patient and review of the literature
Authors: Peippo Maarit , Valanne Leena , Perhomaa Marja , Toivanen Leena , Ignatius Jaakko 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn 1954, Weismann‐Netter and Stuhl described three sporadic adults and a mother and her three children with short stature and congenital anterior bowing of lower legs [Weismann‐Netter and Stuhl (1954); Presse Méd 62:1618–1622]. They named the condition “toxopachyostéose diaphysaire tibio‐péronière,” which presently is known as Weismann‐Netter syndrome (WNS) (OMIM 112350). Since then more than 100 patients have been published. Nearly all have been case reports in French medical literature, and the first report in the Anglo‐American literature appeared in 1988. Only a minority of the publications have appeared during the past two decades. The diagnostic findings of WNS are anterior bowing of the diaphyses of tibia and fibula, broadening or “tibialization” of the fibula and posterior cortical thickening of the two bones. Also the diaphyses of other long bones may be similarly affected but usually to a milder degree. The cause of the condition is unknown, but frequent familial cases suggest a genetic defect with autosomal dominant inheritance. Several of the WNS patients have also had mental retardation (MR), but the existence of a WNS‐MR syndrome is still pending. We describe a sporadic patient with typical WNS skeletal findings and MR. He also had postnatal growth deceleration with partially corrective pubertal growth, normal head size and normal brain structures on MRI. We review the WNS literature. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pulmonary hypoplasia–diaphragmatic hernia–anophthalmia–cardiac defect (PDAC) syndrome due to STRA6 mutations—What are the minimal criteria?
Authors: Segel Reeval , Levy‐Lahad Ephrat , Pasutto Francesca , Picard Elie , Rauch Anita , Alterescu Gheona , Schimmel Michael S. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractMicrophthalmic syndrome 9 (OMIM601186) is a genetically and phenotypically variable condition, comprising anophthalmia, pulmonary hypoplasia, diaphragmatic hernia, and cardiac malformations (PDAC syndrome). Reported cases have all been associated with fetal/neonatal death or developmental delay. Recessive stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6 homolog (STRA6) mutations have recently been identified as the cause of cases of PDAC in which distinct, “bushy” eyebrows have been observed. We describe a patient with clinical anophthalmia, bushy eyebrows, patent ductus arteriosus, and normal development at age 30 months, who is a compound heterozygote for two novel STRA6 missense mutations. This patient's phenotype is consistent with the multisystemic malformations of PDAC syndrome, but is somewhat milder. This is the first living patient with compound heterozygous STRA6 mutations, which may explain her milder phenotype. We conclude that STRA6 analysis should be considered in all patients with clinical anophthalmia. Genetic counseling should be cautious with respect to long‐term developmental outcomes. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Maternal attitudes toward DNA collection for gene–environment studies: A qualitative research study
Authors: Jenkins Mary M. , Reed‐Gross Erika , Rasmussen Sonja A. , Barfield Wanda D. , Prue Christine E. , Gallagher Margaret L. , Honein Margaret A. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractTo assess attitudes toward DNA collection in an epidemiological study, focus groups were assembled in September 2007 with mothers who had participated in a case–control study of birth defects. Each recruited mother previously had completed an interview and had received a mailed kit containing cytobrushes to collect buccal cells for DNA from herself, her infant, and her infant's father during the period July 2004 through July 2007. A total of 38 mothers attended six focus groups comprising: (1) non‐Hispanic Black mothers of case infants who participated or (2) did not participate in DNA collection, (3) mothers of any race or ethnicity who had case infants of low birth weight who participated or (4) did not participate in DNA collection, and (5) non‐Hispanic Black mothers of control infants who participated or (6) did not participate in DNA collection. Moderator‐led discussions probed maternal attitudes toward providing specimens, factors that influenced decision making, and collection method preferences. Biologics participants reported that they provided DNA for altruistic reasons. Biologics nonparticipants voiced concerns about government involvement and how their DNA will be used. Information provided (or not provided) on DNA use, storage, and disposal influenced decision making. Biologics participants and nonparticipants reported that paternal skepticism was a barrier to participation. All mothers were asked to rank DNA collection methods in terms of preference (cytobrushes, saliva, mouthwash, newborn blood spots, and blood collection). Preferred methods were convenient and noninvasive. Better understanding attitudes toward DNA collection and preferred collection methods might allow more inclusive participation and benefit future studies. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Mechanism of the Wacker Reaction: A Tale of Two Hydroxypalladations
Authors: Keith John A. , Henry Patrick M. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe present a concise review on the most pertinent investigations that illuminate the complicated and elusive mechanism for the Wacker process, homogeneous olefin oxidation by palladium(II) catalysts. For more than four decades, multitudes of creative and elegant studies detailing the nucleophilic addition and other steps of the Wacker process have appeared contradictory, while in fact modern perspective has shown an intricate and colorful picture of the “textbook” organometallic reaction. A summary and critical analysis of previous studies is of great importance to explain resolved and highlight unresolved questions about this frequently misunderstood reaction.
Asymmetric 1,4‐conjugation addition of diethylzinc to cyclic enones catalyzed by a self‐assembled copper complex
Authors: Gou Shaohua , Ye Zhongbin , Huang Zhiyu 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA new self‐assembled catalyst system based on copper complex was developed for the 1,4‐conjugation addition of diethyl zinc to cyclic enones. The self‐assembled catalyst was readily prepared from (R)‐[1,1′]binaphthalenyl‐2,2′‐diamine (1a), (L)‐tryptophan (3f) and copper(I) chloride (CuCl). Several enones were found to be suitable substrates in the presence of the self‐assembled copper catalyst [10 mol% (R)‐1a, 10 mol% (L)‐3f and 10 mol% CuCl] under optimized conditions. The desired products were afforded with high isolated yields (up to 98%) and moderate to good enantioselectivities (up to 80% ee) in mild conditions (at 0 °C). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation and properties of bio‐nanoreinforced composites from biodegradable polymer matrix and cellulose whiskers
Authors: Pandey Jitendra K. , Lee Caroline S. , Ahn Sung‐Hoon 
Published: October 2009

AbstractCrystalline cellulose was extracted from one of the cheapest source; grass by alkali, acid, and mechanical treatments. To evaluate the reinforcing effect of this filler, biodegradable polymer matrix, polylactic acid (PLA) was used and samples were prepared at different concentrations. The modified whiskers were also used as filler to examine the effect on mechanical properties. Crystallinity, thermal behavior, surface morphology and functional group variation was monitored through, XRD, TGA, SEM, and FTIR respectively. The properties were largely depending on the concentration of filler whereas; modification of hydroxyl groups did not exhibit remarkable change in mechanical properties. Thermal resistance was decreased in comparison of neat matrix and reduction in crystallinity was also observed for composites, regardless of filler nature. It was thought that the hydrophilicity of cellulose could be altered by modifying its hydroxyl groups, thereby promoting dispersion. However, the possibility of phase separation was increased, and the thermal stability of the composites gradually decreased with increasing filler load in the matrix. In the examined systems, it was observed that improvement of reinforcing capacity may not only depend on the chemical compatibility between matrixes but also some compositional and physical parameters may be responsible for variation in properties. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Synthesis and characterizations of calcium di(meth)acrylate divinyl monomers and melt surface graft functionalization with linear low density poly(ethylene)
Authors: Anbarasan R. , Dhanalakshmi V. , Rajasulochana K. , Sudha M. , Jayalakshmi T. , Anusuya M. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractCalcium diacrylate (CDA) and calcium dimethacrylate (CDM) divinyl monomers were synthesized by a solvo thermal method. The FTIR spectra showed a peak at 1650 cm−1 due to the presence of a CC for both CDA and CDM. Proton NMR and carbon NMR confirmed the structure of CDA and CDM synthesized by a solvo thermal method. DSC determined the melting temperatures of CDA and CDM. XRD indicated the presence of a d110 plane peak for CDA and CDM. The % weight residue that remained above 700°C in TGA method confirmed the higher thermal stability of CDA. Thus, synthesized CDA and CDM were surface grafted on linear low density poly(ethylene) (LLDPE) at 160°C under inert atmosphere by thermolysis method. FTIR confirmed the presence of CO stretching due to CDA and CDM in LLDPE backbone after thermolysis reaction. 1H‐NMR confirmed the chemical grafting of CDM onto LLDPE. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
A methodology for forming components of the linear model in 4D‐Var with application to the marine boundary layer
Authors: Payne Tim 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe show how large numbers of parameters used in the linear model in 4D‐Var may efficiently be optimised according to suitable criteria. We apply this to the linear model representation of boundary layer processes over sea, to obtain significant reductions in linearisation and forecast error. Crown Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Radarstörung
Authors: Wendler Silke 
Published: October 2009

AbstractDer zur Familie der Tigermotten gehörende Bärenspinner Bertholdia trigona ist ein Nachtfalter, der eine beliebte Beute der Großen Braunen Fledermaus Eptesicus fuscus ist. Beide kommen in weiten Gebieten Zentralamerikas vor. Sobald der Bärenspinner den Sonar seines Feindes wahrnimmt, stößt er hochfrequente Ultraschallklicks aus, die die Echolokation der Fledermaus stören. Dadurch verläuft nur etwa ein Fünftel der Angriffe erfolgreich.
Hungrig auf ein langes Leben
Authors: Rieckmann Susanne , Kronberg Inge 
Published: October 2009

Abstract“FdH – Friss die Hälfte” – dieser Empfehlung muss man nicht gleich folgen, aber eine kalorienarme Ernährung kann das Leben durchaus verlängern und den Ausbruch von Krebs unter Umständen verzögern. Der lebensverlängernde Effekt einer kalorienreduzierten Diät ist schon seit Jahrzehnten bekannt, die zellphysiologischen und genetischen Hintergründe werden aber erst allmählich verstanden. Eine besondere Rolle spielt dabei der insulininduzierte Signalweg.
Natural Rubber/Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber Blend Membranes: Vapor Permeation Properties
Authors: Kumari P. , Radhakrishnan C. K. , Unnikrishnan G. , Varghese S. , Sujith A. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractNatural rubber (NR)/Acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) blend membranes, prepared by using dicumyl peroxide as the crosslinking agent, were tested for their vapor permeation characteristics. The permeation studies were conducted using three chlorinated hydrocarbons, viz. dichloro methane, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride. The effects of the blend ratio, compatibilizer, penetrant size, and temperature on the vapor permeability of the membranes were investigated. The permeability of the blends was found to decrease with an increase in the NBR content, which has been attributed to the inherent solvent resistant nature of NBR. The permeation behavior of compatibilized blends was compared with those of the uncompatibilized blends. The separation efficiencies of the membranes were also tested using chloroform/acetone mixtures to complement the observations from the vapor permeation experiments.