bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of reaction temperature and concentration of H2SO4 acid in the unzipping process of carbon nanotubes to form graphene nanoribbons
Authors: Thoa Dao Thi Kim , Kien Kieu Do Trung , Ung Tran Hai , Quang Nguyen Thanh Duy , Pha Bui Ngoc , Phuong Pham Ho My , Tan Phan Minh 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Unzipping carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is one of the methods to produce graphene nanoribbons. In this research, we investigated the effect of reaction temperature and concentration of H2SO4 acid on graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) formation. By increasing the reaction temperature, the transformation of CNTs to form GNRs is getting better. The results showed that the unzipping process was strongly affected by temperature. At 100 °C temperature, GNRs obtained 100% yield with a purity of +99%C and surface area of 250 m2/g. Furthermore, H2SO4 acid is the only environment for the wet chemical reaction, it doesn’t affect GNRs quality so the low concentration of acid will be utilized and contribute to reducing the environmental impact in the world. The GNRs will be a potential material for both anode and cathode in batteries and supercapacitors to get higher energy density and fast charging properties.
Composites of Manganese oxide/Carbon aerogel from Water Hyacinth for supercapacitor application
Authors: Truong Thinh Q. , Nguyen Han T. N. , Thai Anh M. , Nguyen Kha M. , Huynh Ha K. P. , Nguyen Duy P. T. , Nguyen Son T. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This study describes the synthesis of cellulose aerogel using water hyacinth, glutaraldehyde (GA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). The carbonization process of cellulose aerogel into carbon aerogel was investigated under N2 atmosphere at temperatures of 600 °C, 700 °C, and 800 °C, using a heating rate of 10 °C/min and a fixed duration of 2 h. To enhance the properties of the carbon aerogel, Manganese oxide particles were attached to its surface through a metal wetting method utilizing Mn(NO3)2.4H2O at a concentration of 5 %. The results indicate that cellulose aerogel carbonized at 700 °C exhibits higher electrical storage capacity compared to the aerogels carbonized at the other two temperatures. The capacitance of the supercapacitor reaches its maximum value when the Mn content is 24.31 %. In galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD) test, the maximum capacitance is achieved at a current density of 0.2 A/g.
Optimizing the extraction parameters of phenolics and flavonoids from Bouea macrophylla Griff leaves using ultrasound-assisted extraction and evaluating their antioxidant abilities
Authors: Khoi Tu Thanh , Thi Hai Ha Pham 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Bouea macrophylla Griff is a plant species that primarily thrives in the wet tropical regions of Southeast Asia, such as Indonesia, Myanmar, Malaysia, and Thailand. B. macrophylla leaves contain a potential source of phenolics and flavonoids that exhibit biological activities. This research aimed to maximize the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of B. macrophylla Griff leaves extract using an ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and response surface methodology (RSM) with a four-factor and three-level Box Behnken design (BBD) for optimizing the extraction parameters. The values of four independent variables, namely ethanol concentration (X1), extraction temperature (X2), sample weight-to-solvent volume ratio (X3), and extraction time (X4), were investigated and determined through single-factor analysis experiments, and their optimal values were found to be 47% ethanol concentration, 46°C extraction temperature, 1/69 (g/ml) sample to solvent ratio, and 69 minutes of extraction time. Under the optimized conditions, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of B. macrophylla Griff leaves were determined to be 15.83 ± 0.05 mg GAE/g and 88.37 ± 0.23 mg QE/g, respectively. These experimental values were found to be close with the expected values. Moreover, this study revealed that UAE resulted in significantly higher antioxidant activity in B. macrophylla Griff compared to traditional extraction methods. The findings suggest that the extract obtained from its leaves through the UAE could be a potential source for various cosmetic or medicinal applications.
Extracting and evaluating the antibacterial activity of carvacrol from Plectranthus Amboinicus essential oil against Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA
Authors: Thanh Nga Phan Thi , Kim Xuan Vu , Kim Minh-Tam Nguyen , Tran Thanh Truc 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The essential oil of Plectranthus amboinicus was extracted through steam distillation. Carvacrol, the major constituent of the oil, was identified and found to make up 60.003% of the oil. Carvacrol was isolated using column chromatography with silica gel (200-430 mesh) and hexane: ethyl acetate (100:1) eluent solvent mixture, resulting in a high purity of 98.32%. Antimicrobial activity testing revealed that both Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA strains were sensitive to carvacrol and Plectranthus amboinicus essential oil (20 mg/mL). The antibacterial zone diameters were measured to be 20.20 ± 0.36 mm and 17.33 ± 0.32 mm for S. aureus, and 24.23 ± 0.47 mm and 21.53 ± 0.55 mm for MRSA, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of carvacrol against S. aureus and MRSA was determined to be 0.5 mg/mL. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against S. aureus was 1 mg/mL, while it was 0.5 mg/mL against MRSA.
Switchable dual-functional optical vortex manipulation via cylindrical phase-change metagratings
Authors: Xu Hongbo , Hao Zhanlei , Dong Xin , Du Yonghao , Zhu Shan , Chen Huanyang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Subwavelength artificial engineering microstructures, such as metasurfaces and metagratings, can realize superior optical properties that many natural materials cannot finish. However, most functionalities achieved are mostly single and fixed. The appearance of phase-change materials makes it possible to extend the functions of metagratings. Here, we propose and demonstrate a structural design of cylindrical phase-change metagratings based on VO2, which can achieve switchable dual-functional optical vortex manipulation in the terahertz range. Specifically, by excitation of the temperature-sensitive metallic and insulating states of VO2, the simple two-dimensional cylindrical gear-like structure can achieve dual-functionality for vortex waves with orbital angular momentum, namely efficient retroreflection and near-perfect absorption. In addition, we also discussed the influence of the gear-like structure dimensions on the transmissivity and absorptivity of dual-function vortex wave manipulation. This work provides a simple and effective approach for the tunable and multifunctional control of vortex waves in subwavelength artificial devices, with potential applications in automated device design and terahertz (THz) communications.
Reparations, Abolitionist Imaginaries, and Self-transforming Victims: Transformative Justice at the ICC
Authors: Ullrich Leila 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis chapter interrogates how ‘transformative reparations’ became part of the Court’s promise to deliver justice for victims. These reparations aim to achieve ‘transformative justice’ by addressing the root causes of conflict, gender discrimination, and inequality that made victimization possible in the first place. It is curious that such a concept, which prompts a much broader discussion on structural change, would appear in the documents of an institution that, due to its focus on individual criminal accountability, is explicitly anti-structural. How did it get there and what is its function? Reading the Court’s wrestling with transformative justice symptomatically, I argue that the very terms in which the problem of transformation is posed—‘transforming structures’, ‘addressing root causes’—make societal transformation seem impossible not only for the ICC but also for the critics of carceral solutions. While scholars have debated whether ‘transformative justice’ is a realistic and appropriate reparation mandate for the Court, this chapter traces its ideological forms and functions and their connection to material relations. By scrutinizing the Trust Fund’s assistance programmes in Northern Uganda, I demonstrate that it is precisely the promise of transformative justice that helps reproduce the status quo. Instead of tackling structural causes, the concept ends up shifting the responsibility for ‘transformation’ not only to local stakeholders but also to the individual victim–survivor. In the final analysis, it is the victim rather than the state, the local community, the global economy, or the international community, who is expected to transform.
Protecting Geographical Indications in Africa
Authors: Schneider Marius , Ho Tu Nam Nora 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This book offers an introduction to geographical indications (GIs) with a focus on Africa. GIs are productsthat have a specific geographical origin and possess qualities or a reputation due to that origin. Africa is rich with such products and this book seeks to explore GIs from an African perspective, examining their possible advantages and benefits to African producers and farmers. The authors also provide insight on the enforcement of mechanisms available for foreign GIs in African countries and territories. The first part of the book explores the economic and social opportunities offered by GIs, the legal framework within which African states operate at the international and continental level, and the mechanisms available to protect GIs. The book adopts an Africa-centric approach by using real-life African examples. The book proposes a balanced discussion around GIs, remaining mindful of African interests and commitments. The second part of the book provides a detailed overview of the laws and regulations regarding GIs in the two main regional intellectual property organizations in Africa: African Intellectual Property Organization (Organisation Africaine de la Propriété Intellectuelle) (OAPI) and the African Regional Intellectual Property Organization (ARIPO) as well as in eleven African states. The book lists the available protective mechanisms and enforcement remedies for GIs in the various African states.
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Schneider Marius , Ho Tu Nam Nora 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter highlights the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) which borders nine African countries. The DRC is a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO), although as a a least-developed country, it needs not apply all provisions of the WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights. Law No 82-001 of January 1982 on Industrial Property (IP Law) currently in force in the DRC clearly mentions GIs under the designation of Appellations d’origine (appellations of origin) and Indications de provenance (indications of source). In practice, registration is more complicated. The IP Law also provides for the registration of collective marks. This chapter looks at the registrability of names, the procedure and requirements for registration of GIs and collective marks, the term of protection, the rights of the owner against infringers and customs enforcement. The chapter ends by looking at whether the DRC is party to any bilateral agreements touching on GIs.
Egypt
Authors: Schneider Marius , Ho Tu Nam Nora 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses Egypt, which is found in northeast Africa. Egypt is a World Trade Organization (WTO) member. Law No 82 of 2002 pertaining to the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights Law No 82 of 2002 covers the protection of GIs, certification marks, and collective marks. Registration as a GI is open indistinctly to domestic and foreign indications, although specific conditions will apply to foreign GIs. These are discussed in this chapter, together with the registrability of names, the procedure and requirements for registration of GIs, the term of protection, the rights of the owner against infringers and customs enforcement. Similar information is provided for collective and certification marks. The chapter ends by looking at the bilateral agreements regarding GIs to which Egypt is a party.
Infrastructural Frictions
Authors: Houston Donna , McLean Jessica , Osborne Natalie 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores more-than-human infrastructures that are materially performed and reconfigured by the ‘smart city’. We first consider literature that critiques ‘smart’ as a universalising set of urban, technological, and economic configurations that work to smooth out (and displace) the messy inefficiencies of the unsustainable city, and which foreground the intensification of intimate, ecological, and public surveillance along with the uneven benefits and harms accrued through the extraction of more-than-human labour and data. We then consider what such critiques illuminate and what relations are hidden or shadowed? We offer a counterfactual mapping of infrastructural frictions in multispecies smart cities as a critical point of difference. Drawing on feminist thinking about care, shadows, and ruins in multispecies worlds, we seek to think about what catches on the glitchy and frictive edges of smart cities and how might these be mobilised and transfigured by different forms of interdependence.
Reciprocities of Decay, Destruction, and Designing
Authors: Akama Yoko 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Towns and cities have always been in continual cycles of destruction and regeneration. I dig into stories, practices, and wisdoms embedded in cultures where learning with decomposition and destruction is maintained and passed on. This includes learning with and from uncanny more-than-human relationships, such as spirits and deities that I write with. Being reminded that we are already participating in many worlds because we are all entangled can shunt us off the short, transactional framing of reciprocities. Spotting the symptoms of our disciplines that strengthen muscles to control is the first step towards letting go. The agony of relinquishing intensifies our vulnerability of being interrelated, but to hold on to power can make us ignorant of our own hubris. The uncanny cannot be claimed or known but they can unsettle the conceited, hurried, absent-minded, short-living beings to learn with and from the dance of decay and destruction.
Decentring in More-than-Human Design
Authors: Hendawy Mennatullah , Lazem Shaimaa , Clarke Rachel 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We present a thought experiment exploring the role of more-than-human–human relations in the socio-political fabric of smart cities and historical political conflicts in Palestine. The site of focus (and struggle) is Palestinian East Jerusalem, where ‘natural’ land protections create inequities. We interrogate decentring of humans experiencing oppression while centring non-human entities at the intersection of land, race, natural, and cultural heritage in imagining a smart ‘just’ East Jerusalem. We argue decentring may create dualities that do not adequately account for issues of power, risking further marginalisation for those on the periphery of existing power structures. We propose alternative framings of custodianship, evoking multiple dimensions across geography and temporalities to reimagine more equitable and emergent justice founded on decolonial more-than-human–human relations.
How Can Anyone be More than One Thing?
Authors: Powell Alison , Taylor Alex 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this chapter, we ruminate the consequences of trying to reposition our ways of encountering our multispecies neighbours. We see such encounters as generative, forming the potential for new kinds of solidarity, both human and non-human. In particular, we argue that some of the ways to see, sense, or understand our neighbours produce significant tensions, which are important for three reasons: 1) They foreground the political qualities of ‘partial perspectives’; 2) They reveal asymmetries in the capacity to use technology to recognise others; and 3) They suggest parallels between the challenges of sensing non-human ‘others’ and the challenges of recognising difference within human relations. In an era of climate change, ecological instability, and fragmented human relationships, we reflect here on the kinds of connections that we might model through our encounters with animal ‘others’ in the smart city and consider how to shift relationships of knowledge and practice towards liberation.
Intimate Translations
Authors: Light Ann , Houston Lara , Catlow Ruth 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The Treaty of Finsbury Park (Treaty) is a Live Action Role Play (LARP) established by arts organisation Furtherfield as part of its ambitions for more-than-human co-living in a London park. It notionally brings together the life forms of the park to agree a future governance structure that is fairer and better able to withstand climate change. CreaTures, the research project which sponsored Treaty, has ambitions to transform the narratives by which humans dwell together, researching the influence of playful encounters to make change. In this chapter, we use Treaty as a case study, and CreaTures as a wider context, to ask what change might be possible in urban contexts if we look beyond buildings and individuals. We ask what happens when creative practitioners translate imagination into intimate actions to consider multispecies interdependence. From these reflections, we draw some tentative conclusions as to what lessons we might learn for the more-than-human smart city.
Six Lessons for a More-than-Human ‘Smart’ City from a Disabled Cyborg
Authors: Forlano Laura 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter offers six lessons for a more-than-human ‘smart’ city. These observations about computing are derived from my experience as a Disabled Cyborg; a personal experience of ‘living with’ technology. As a Disabled Cyborg, I’m keenly aware of the ways in which categories of the natural and the artificial are blurred. Specifically, I use a short excerpt of alert and alarm data from a medical device—a ‘smart’ insulin pump and sensor system that I use for managing Type 1 diabetes—to illustrate several concepts that are useful for thinking about the role of technology in the world. While these concepts—cyborg, error, labour, energy, data ownership/privacy, and art—might seem straightforward at first glance, they are often overlooked. Since my experience living with technology is existential in that it is literally keeping me alive—rather than merely efficient or convenient—I’m reminded of these lessons on a daily basis.
The King Can Do No Wrong in The Late Medieval and Tudor Periods
Authors: Fortin Marie-France 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter shows that although the king can do no wrong understood as the king is not entitled to do wrong can be traced back to one of the major legal treatises of the late Middle Ages—known as Bracton—the king can do no wrong itself was coined in legal literature at the turn of the seventeenth century by Edward Coke. The objectives of the chapter are twofold: (1) to identify the understanding of the king can do no wrong as the king is not entitled to do wrong in Bracton and in cases from the late medieval and Tudor periods; and (2) to trace the development of the three notions of this book’s heuristic model—the king’s legal status in relation to law, his perfection, and his immunity from suit—from the late Middle Ages to the Tudor era and describe how they underpinned the two dimensions of crown liability.
Reimagining J. S. Bach’s Goldberg Variations
Authors: Knyt Erinn E 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The introduction provides background for the book, including definitions of terms (such as arrangement, transcription, re-composition, and adaptation) and methodologies. It provides an overview of the scope and chapter content. In addition, it discusses the structure and style of Johann Sebastian Bach’s Goldberg Variations. In the process, it shows that stylistic plurality has contributed to the proliferation of interest in the piece across the wide variety of genres and media discussed in this book. It shows that Bach’s blending of a newer cantabile style and harmonic-contrapuntal elaboration with virtuosity and dance idioms have invited a multiplicity of interpretations and widespread adaptation in a variety of contexts.
The gendered impact of parenthood on job-related training participation in Germany and the United Kingdom
Authors: Lim Misun , dos Santos Sascha 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Recent studies highlight the role of parenthood in perpetuating persistent gender inequality in the labour market. We examine whether the transition to parenthood influences job-related training participation. This study uses fixed-effects models and longitudinal data from the German National Educational Panel Study (starting cohort 6, 2010–2021) and Understanding Society: The UK Household Longitudinal Study (2010–2019). Our findings show that women’s job-related training participation decreases following parenthood in both countries, but that this decline is steeper in Germany and persists beyond the early stage of parenthood. Furthermore, our mediation analysis shows that parental leave is one of the main drivers of the motherhood penalty in job-related training in both countries. In contrast, when men have a first child, it has a small negative effect on training participation levels in Germany and no effect in the United Kingdom. This study sheds light on the gendered impact of the transition to parenthood on job-related training participation and how the country context influences these relationships.