bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of fluoride therapies on the morphology of bleached human dental enamel
Authors: Ferreira Stella da Silva , Araújo Jesuína Lamartine Nogueira , Morhy Omar Neves , Tapety Celiane Mary Carneiro , Youssef Michel Nicolau , Sobral Maria Angela Pita 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate qualitatively the surface morphology of enamel bleached with 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) followed by application of fluoridated agents. Forty intact pre molars were randomly distributed into four groups (n = 10), treated as follows: Group I (control group) remained stored in artificial saliva at 37°C, Group II ‐ 35% HP; Group III ‐ 35% HP + acidulated fluoride (1.23%) and Group IV ‐ 35% HP + neutral fluoride (2%). The experimental groups received three applications of bleaching gel and after the last application all specimens were polished. This procedure was repeated after 7 and 14 days, and during the intervals of applications, the specimens were stored in artificial saliva at 37°C. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed superficial irregularities and porosities to varying degrees in bleached enamel compared to control group. Sample evaluation was made by attributing scores, and data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn tests (P < 0.05). SEM qualitative investigation demonstrated that 35% hydrogen peroxide affected human dental enamel morphology, producing porosities, depressions, and superficial irregularities at various degrees. These morphological changes were higher after the application of 1.23% acidulated fluoride gel. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phosphorus speciation of forest‐soil organic surface layers using P K‐edge XANES spectroscopy
Authors: Prietzel Jörg , Thieme Jürgen , Paterson David 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe phosphorus (P) speciation of organic surface layers from two adjacent German forest soils with different degree of water‐logging (Stagnosol, Rheic Histosol) was analyzed by P K‐edge XANES and subsequent Linear Combination Fitting. In both soils, ≈ 70% of the P was inorganic phosphate and ≈ 30% organic phosphate; reduced P forms such as phosphonate were absent. The increased degree of water‐logging in the Histosol compared to the Stagnosol did not affect P speciation.
Chemical fingerprint analysis of Phellodendri Amurensis Cortex by ultra performance LC/Q‐TOF‐MS methods combined with chemometrics
Authors: Li Yubo , Zhang Tiejun , Zhang Xiaolan , Xu Haiyu , Liu Changxiao 
Published: November 2010

AbstractUltra performance LC with quadrupole TOF MS (UPLC/Q‐TOF‐MS) fingerprinting is first developed for the identification of the major components of Phellodendri Amurensis Cortex (PAC). The PAC samples are separated using a Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (2.1×50 mm, 1.7 μm) by linear gradient elution using water (containing 0.2% formic acid) and acetonitrile (containing 0.2% formic acid) as the mobile phase. Ten batches of PAC are selected to construct the UPLC/Q‐TOF‐MS fingerprint. Sixteen common peaks in the fingerprint are obtained, ten of which are tentatively identified, with reference to the literature data, as phellodendrine, magnoflorine, tetrahydropjatrorrhizine, menisperine, tetrahydropalmatine, jatrorrhizine, palmatine, berberine, obacunone, and limonin. Chemometric methods are also employed to evaluate the variation of herbal drugs and other closely related herbs based on the characteristics of peaks in the UPLC/Q‐TOF‐MS profiles. The developed fingerprint assay is a powerful method that may be used to conduct quality control of PAC.
Histogram analysis of the microvasculature of intracerebral human and murine glioma xenografts
Authors: Just Nathalie 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to examine the usefulness of histogram analysis combined with vessel size index (VSI) magnetic resonance imaging for the specific characterization of brain tumor microvasculature in a panel of six volume‐matched glioma xenografts. Using a simple descriptive histogram analysis, significant differences of the mean tumoral VSI (P = 0.0035 for 9L, P = 0.008 for glioma mix, P = 0.05 for C6), the 75th VSI percentile (P = 0.003–0.075) as well as the 25th and median blood volume (BV) percentiles were found in murine gliomas compared to their contralateral healthy brain. Using a segmented histogram analysis, dilatation of already existing vessels in murine gliomas and development of new small caliber vessels in human glioblastomas were suggested. Most gliomas showed a higher proportion of pixels with BV below 1% (glioma mix [21% vs 1%], Glioblastoma 2 (GBM2) [9% vs 3.7%]) and a smaller proportion of pixels with BV in the range 1.7–6.3% (65 vs 90% for glioma mix, 80 vs 85% in GBM2) relative to their contralateral part. In glioblastomas, VSI and BV distributions were similar to normal brain distributions and in agreement with immunohistochemical findings. The histogram analysis of VSI and BV heterogeneity in experimental brain tumors allowed detection of microregional differences in gliomas from different origins. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Automated estimation of aortic strain from steady‐state free‐precession and phase contrast MR images
Authors: Herment Alain , Lefort Muriel , Kachenoura Nadjia , De Cesare Alain , Taviani Valentina , Graves Martin J. , Pellot‐Barakat Claire , Frouin Frédérique , Mousseaux Elie 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe strain values extracted from steady‐state free‐precession (SSFP) and phase contrast (PC) images acquired with a 1.5T scanner on a compliant flow phantom and within the thoracic aorta of 52 healthy subjects were compared. Aortic data were acquired perpendicular to the aorta at the level of the pulmonary artery bifurcation. Cross sectional areas were obtained by using an automatic and robust segmentation method. While a good correlation (r = 0.99) was found between the aortic areas extracted from SSFP and PC sequences, a lower correlation (r = 0.71) was found between the corresponding aortic strain values. Strain values estimated using SSFP and PC sequences were equally correlated with age. Interobserver reproducibility was better for SSFP than for PC. Strain values in the ascending and descending aorta were better correlated for SSFP (r = 0.8) than for PC (r = 0.65) and fitted with the expectation of a larger strain in the ascending aorta when using SSFP. The spatial and temporal resolutions of the acquisitions had a minor influence upon the estimated strain values. Thus, if PC acquisitions can be used to estimate both pulse wave velocity and aortic strain, an additional SSFP sequence may be useful to improve the accuracy in estimating the aortic strain. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Respiratory bellows revisited for motion compensation: Preliminary experience for cardiovascular MR
Authors: Santelli Claudio , Nezafat Reza , Goddu Beth , Manning Warren J. , Smink Jouke , Kozerke Sebastian , Peters Dana C. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractFor many cardiac MR applications, respiratory bellows gating is attractive because it is widely available and not disruptive to or dependent on imaging. However, its use is uncommon in cardiac MR, because its accuracy has not been fully studied. Here, in 10 healthy subjects, the bellows and respiratory navigator (NAV) with the displacement of the diaphragm and heart were simultaneously monitored, during single‐shot imaging. Furthermore, bellows‐gated and NAV‐gated coronary MRI were compared using a retrospective reconstruction at identical efficiency. There was a strong linear relationship for both the NAV and the abdominal bellows with the diaphragm (R = 0.90 ± 0.05 bellows, R = 0.98 ± 0.01 NAV, P < 0.001) and the heart (R = 0.89 ± 0.06 bellows, R = 0.96 ± 0.02 NAV, P = 0.004); thoracic bellows correlated less strongly. The image quality of bellows‐gated coronary MRI was similar to NAV‐gated and superior to no‐gating (P < 0.01). In conclusion, bellows provides a respiratory monitor which is highly correlated with the NAV and suitable for respiratory compensation in selected cardiac MR applications. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of endurance and strength‐directed electrical stimulation training on the performance and histological properties of paralyzed human muscle: A pilot study
Authors: Duffell Lynsey D. , Rowlerson Anthea M. , Donaldson Nick De N. , Harridge Stephen D.R. , Newham Di J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractElectrical stimulation (ES) improves muscle properties after spinal cord injury (SCI), but cycling power output (PO) remains low. We investigated the effect of endurance and strength ES training on these parameters. Assessments of quadriceps strength and fatigue resistance, cycling PO, and muscle biopsies were made in four well‐trained SCI subjects (three cyclists and one rower) before and after additional weight training in the cyclists and once in the rower. Weight training improved muscle strength, but cycling PO was low in all subjects. There was no effect of training type on biopsy data. Biopsies showed non‐specific signs of pathology, predominance of type IIa fibers, and uniform metabolic activity. Oxidative activity was low, as were capillary:fiber ratios in the cyclists. Cycling PO is limited by factors other than muscle strength. Future ES training studies should attempt to improve muscle oxidative capacity to optimize the potential benefits of ES exercise. Muscle Nerve 42: 756–763, 2010
Reproducibility of the motor unit number index (MUNIX) in normal controls and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients
Authors: Ahn Suk‐Won , Kim Su‐Hyun , Kim Jee‐Eun , Kim Sung‐Min , Kim Seung Hyun , Park Kyung Seok , Sung Jung‐Joon , Lee Kwang‐Woo , Hong Yoon‐Ho 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe motor unit number index (MUNIX) refers to an electrophysiologic technique that measures the approximate number of motor units using the surface electromyographic interference pattern (SIP) recorded during voluntary contraction. This study was done to assess the reproducibility of MUNIX performed on hypothenar muscles in 62 normal controls and 22 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. Inter‐ and intraoperator correlation coefficients for MUNIX were 0.74 and 0.86, respectively, in normal controls, and 0.95 and 0.93, respectively, in ALS patients (P < 0.01 in all). Inter‐ and intraoperator coefficients of variation for MUNIX measurements were 17.5% and 15.3%, respectively, in normal controls, and 23.7% and 24.0%, respectively, in ALS patients. This study shows a good correlation for MUNIX between intra‐ and interoperator results in both normal controls and ALS patients. The test–retest variability seems to be greater in ALS patients compared with normal controls, but this will need to be confirmed in future studies. Sources of variability should be identified and corrected for clinical use. Muscle Nerve 42: 808–813, 2010
Motor unit number index (MUNIX): principle, method, and findings in healthy subjects and in patients with motor neuron disease
Authors: Nandedkar Sanjeev D. , Barkhaus Paul E. , StÅlberg Erik V. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe motor unit number index (MUNIX) is a method for assessment of number and size (MUSIX) of motor units (MUs) using the compound muscle action potential (CMAP) and surface electromyographic interference pattern (SIP). This method was used to study the hypothenar muscle in 34 healthy subjects to define normal range, and to study reproducibility. Four healthy subjects and 13 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) were studied serially over a 1‐year period. In healthy subjects, MUNIX showed good reproducibility. In serial studies, healthy subjects showed no change in the CMAP amplitude and MUNIX. ALS patients with minimal change in CMAP amplitude had a significant drop in MUNIX and increase in MUSIX, indicating MU loss compensated by reinnervation. When the CMAP changed significantly (>30%) in 1 year, the CMAP and MUNIX decreased in parallel. MUNIX would be useful to study MU loss in degenerative diseases of motor neurons. Muscle Nerve 42: 798–807, 2010
High‐dose carboplatin–irinotecan–temozolomide: Treatment option for neuroblastoma resistant to topotecan
Authors: Kushner Brian H. , Kramer Kim , Modak Shakeel , Cheung Nai‐Kong V. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackgroundWe report a retrospective study of a novel regimen for neuroblastoma (NB) resistant to standard induction or salvage chemotherapy which now routinely includes topotecan.Patients and MethodsForty‐five patients received carboplatin (500 mg/m2/day, 2×)–irinotecan (50 mg/m2/day, 5×)–temozolomide (250 mg/m2/day, 5×) (HD‐CIT). Only one course was planned. Patients with thrombocytopenia indicative of poor bone marrow (BM) reserve resulting from extensive prior therapy received peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) post‐HD‐CIT.ResultsModest acute toxicity allowed outpatient treatment. Low‐grade diarrhea was common; there was no mucositis, nephrotoxicity, or cardiotoxicity. Myelosuppression was prolonged but uncomplicated. The absolute neutrophil count reached 500/µl on days 20–30 (median, 25) in 25 patients with satisfactory BM reserve, and on days 9–14 (median, 11) post‐PBSC infusion. Anti‐NB activity was common against refractory (non‐progressing) disease or new relapse occurring off therapy (68% objective response rate), but not against disease progressing on therapy. Seven of 26 patients treated for refractory NB are progression‐free and in complete remission following subsequent therapy, including anti‐GD2 immunotherapy, at ≥29+ months post‐HD‐CIT.ConclusionsHD‐CIT is appealing as salvage or consolidative therapy because of anti‐NB activity and modest non‐hematologic toxicity. PBSC support is unnecessary when BM reserve is intact. The wide antineoplastic activity of its three components and their potential for activity against disease in the central nervous system support applicability to other cancers. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;56:403–408. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of starlike PtBA‐g‐PEO amphiphilic graft copolymer via highly efficient Cu‐catalyzed SET‐NRC reaction at ambient temperature
Authors: Li Yaogong , Zhang Yaqin , Zhai Sujuan , Deng Yan , Xiong Huiming , Lu Guolin , Huang Xiaoyu 
Published: November 2010

AbstractTwo new amphiphilic star graft copolymers bearing hydrophobic poly(tert‐butyl acrylate) backbone and hydrophilic poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) side chains with different molecular weights were synthesized by sequential reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and single electron transfer‐nitroxide radical coupling (SET‐NRC) reaction under mild conditions. RAFT homopolymerization of tert‐butyl 2‐((2‐bromopropanoyloxy)methyl)acrylate was mediated by a four‐armed chain transfer agent in a controlled way to afford a well‐defined starlike backbone with a narrow molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn = 1.26). The target poly(tert‐butyl acrylate)‐g‐PEO (PtBA‐g‐PEO) star graft copolymers were synthesized by SET‐NRC reaction between Br‐containing PtBA‐based starlike backbone and PEO end functionalized with 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl (TEMPO) group using copper/N,N,N′,N′,N″‐pentamethyldiethylenetriamine as catalytic system at ambient temperature via grafting‐onto strategy. The critical micelle concentration values of the obtained amphiphilic star graft copolymers in aqueous media and brine were determined by fluorescence probe technique using pyrene as probe. Diverse micellar morphologies were formed by varying the content of hydrophilic PEO segment as well as the initial concentration of stock solution. In addition, poly(acrylic acid)‐g‐PEO double hydrophilic star graft copolymers were obtained by selective acidic hydrolysis of hydrophobic PtBA starlike backbone without affecting PEO side chains. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010
Alternative initiators for bimolecular photoinitiating systems
Authors: Dworak Claudia , Liska Robert 
Published: November 2010

AbstractTypical bimolecular photoinitiators (PIs) for radical polymerization of acrylates show only poor photoreactivity because of the unwanted effect of back electron transfer. Therefore, a PI system consisting of benzaldoxime esters and 4‐methyl benzophenone was investigated by photo‐differential scanning calorimetry experiments. Surprisingly, reactivities are comparable to that of classical monomolecular Type I PIs like Darocur 1173, probably because of an energy transfer from the triplet state of the benzophenone‐based sensitizer to the oxime ester initiator. Furthermore, sufficient thermal stability was proven by TGA and storage stability experiments of a resin formulation under elevated temperature. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010
Sterically encumbered poly(arylene ether)s containing spiro‐annulated substituents: Synthesis and thermal properties
Authors: Huang Wen Y. , Chang M. Y. , Han Y. K. , Huang P. T. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractFour novel 2‐trifluoromethyl‐activated bisfluoro monomers have been synthesized successfully using a Suzuki‐coupling reaction of 3‐trifluoromethyl‐4‐fluoro phenyl boronic acid with 2,7‐dibromofluorene with varied pendants. Four monomers were converted to a series of fluorene‐based poly(arylene ether)s with pendants by nucleophilic displacement of the fluorine atoms on the terminal benzene ring with 4,4′‐hexafluoroisopropylidenediphenol. The polymers obtained by displacement of the fluorine atoms, exhibit weight‐average molecular weight up to 9.89 × 104 g/mol in GPC. Thermal analysis studies indicated that these polymers did not show melting endotherms but did show relatively high Tg values up to 270 °C in DSC and outstanding thermal stability up to 532 °C for 5% weight loss in TGA in a nitrogen atmosphere. The polymers are soluble in a wide range of organic solvents: THF, CHCl3, NMP, DMAc, DMF, toluene and EAc, and so forth, at room temperature. Transparent and flexible films were easily prepared by solution casting from chloroform solution of each of the polymers. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010
Rapid ring‐opening polymerization of 1,4‐dioxan‐2‐one initiated by titanium alkoxides
Authors: Zeng Jian‐Bing , Srinivansan Madhusudhan , Li Yi‐Dong , Narayan Ramani , Wang Yu‐Zhong 
Published: November 2010

AbstractRing‐opening polymerization of 1,4‐dioxan‐2‐one in bulk was initiated by three titanium alkoxides, titanium dichlorodiisopropoxide (TiCl2(OiPr)2), titanium chlorotriisopropoxide (TiCl(OiPr)3), and titanium tetraisopropoxide (Ti(OiPr)4). The results indicate that the polymerization rate increased with number of OiPr groups in the initiator. High conversion of monomer (90%) and high molecular weight (11.9 × 104 g/mol) of resulting polymer can be achieved in only 5 min at 60 °C with Ti(OiPr)4 as an initiator. Analysis on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra suggests the initiating sites for TiCl2(OiPr)2, TiCl(OiPr)3, and Ti(OiPr)4 to be 1.9, 2.6, and 3.8, respectively. Coordination‐insertion mechanism for the polymerization via cleavage of the acyl–oxygen bonds of the monomer was proved by NMR investigation. Kinetic studies indicate that polymerization initiated by Ti(OiPr)4 followed a first‐order kinetics, with an apparent activation energy of 33.7 kJ/mol. It is noteworthy that this value is significantly lower than earlier reported values with other catalysts, namely La(OiPr)3 (50.5 kJ/mol) and Sn(Oct)2 (71.8 kJ/mol), which makes it an attractive catalyst for reactive extrusion polymerization. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010
Highly efficient and stable blue‐light‐emitting copolyfluorene consisting of carbazole, oxadiazole, and charge‐trapping anthracene groups
Authors: Chen Ruei‐Tang , Su Wen‐Fen , Chen Yun 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis article presents the synthesis and electroluminescent (EL) properties of a stable blue‐light‐emitting copolyfluorene (P1) consisting of carbazole, oxadiazole and charge‐trapping anthracene groups by Suzuki coupling reaction. The hole‐transporting carbazole and electron‐transporting oxadiazole improve charges injection and transporting properties, whereas the anthracene is the ultimate emitting chromophore. The thermal, photophysical, electrochemical, and EL properties of P1 were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimeter, optical spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and EL devices fabrication and characterization. P1 demonstrated high‐thermal stability with thermal decomposition and glass tranistion temperatures above 400 and 145°C, respectively. In film state, P1 showed blue emission at 451 nm attributed to anthracene chromophore. Photophysical and electrochemical investigations demonstrate that effective energy transfer from fluorene to anthracene segments and charges trapping on anthracene segments leads to efficient and stable blue emission originating from anthracence. Polymer light‐emitting diodes using P1 as the emitting layer (ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P1/Ca/Al) exhibited excellent current efficiency (5.1 cd/A) with the CIE coordinate being (0.16, 0.11). The results indicate that copolyfluorene is a promising candidate for the blue‐emitting layer in the fabrication of efficient PLEDs. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010
High Tg microspheres by dispersion copolymerization of N‐phenylmaleimide with styrenic or alkyl vinyl ether monomers
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Swapna , Haria Mehul , Fortier‐mcgill Blythe E. , Jafar Mazumder M. A. , Robinson Erica I. , Xia Yan , Burke Nicholas A. D. , Stöver Harald D. H. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractSolution and dispersion copolymerizations of N‐phenylmaleimide (PMI) with either styrenics or alkyl vinyl ethers (AVEs), systems with a tendency to give alternating polymers, were investigated with the goal of producing high glass transition particles. Equimolar solution copolymerization of PMI with styrenics gave alternating copolymers, whereas AVEs gave PMI‐rich copolymers (∼65:35) except for t‐butyl vinyl ether, which gave copolymers with only a slight excess of PMI. These copolymers had glass transition temperatures (Tgs) ranging from 115 to 225 °C depending on comonomer(s). Dispersion copolymerization in ethanol‐based solvents in the presence of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) as steric stabilizer led to narrow‐disperse microspheres for many copolymers studied. Dispersion copolymeriations of PMI with styrenics required good cosolvents such as acetonitrile or methyl ethyl ketone as plasticizers during particle initiation and growth. Dispersion copolymerizations generally resulted in copolymer particles with compositions and Tgs very similar to those of the corresponding copolymers formed by solution polymerization, with the exception of t‐butyl vinyl ether (tBVE), which now behaved like the other AVEs. Dispersion terpolymerizations of PMI (50 mol %) with different ratios of either n‐butylstyrene and t‐butylstyrene or n‐butyl vinyl ether and tBVE led to polymer particles with Tgs that depended on the ratio of the two butyl monomers. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010
Novel method controlled synthesis of silica coated carbon nanotubes
Authors: Chen Xuecheng , Cendrowski Krzysztof , Rümmeli Mark H. , Kalenczuk Ryszard J. , Borowiak‐Palen Ewa 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn this contribution we present an easy and efficient method for the controlled synthesis of highly uniform silica coated coaxial carbon nanotubes (CNT). Furthermore, the thickness of silica wall, CNT, and the diameter of CNT could be controlled at will. This process involves the use of an anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) template to grow this molecular hybrid. After removal of the AAO template, free CNT@SiO2 nanotubes are obtained. Since silica is a light transparent, the combination of CNT and silica in one‐dimensional core–shell structures provides new oppotunities for photo‐electronic and functional applications.magnified image
Scheme representing the synthesis route of CNT coated with silica.