bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric Distribution of UCH‐L1 in Spermatogonia Is Associated With Maintenance and Differentiation of Spermatogonial Stem Cells
Authors: Luo Jinping , Megee Susan , Dobrinski Ina 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAsymmetric division of germline stem cells in vertebrates was proposed a century ago; however, direct evidence for asymmetric division of mammalian spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) has been scarce. Here, we report that ubiquitin carboxy‐terminal hydrolase 1 (UCH‐L1) is expressed in type A (As, Apr, and Aal) spermatogonia located at the basement membrane (BM) of seminiferous tubules at high and low levels, but not in differentiated germ cells distant from the BM. Asymmetric segregation of UCH‐L1 was associated with self‐renewal versus differentiation divisions of SSCs as defined by co‐localization of UCH‐L1high and PLZF, a known determinant of undifferentiated SSCs, versus co‐localization of UCH‐L1low/− with proteins expressed during SSC differentiation (DAZL, DDX4, c‐KIT). In vitro, gonocytes/spermatogonia frequently underwent asymmetric divisions characterized by unequal segregation of UCH‐L1 and PLZF. Importantly, we could also demonstrate asymmetric segregation of UCH‐L1 and PLZF in situ in seminiferous tubules. Expression level of UCH‐L1 in the immature testis where spermatogenesis was not complete was not affected by the location of germ cells relative to the BM, whereas UCH‐L1‐positive spermatogonia were exclusively located at the BM in the adult testis. Asymmetric division of SSCs appeared to be affected by interaction with supporting somatic cells and extracelluar matrix. These findings for the first time provide direct evidence for existence of asymmetric division during SSCs self‐renewal and differentiation in mammalian spermatogenesis. J. Cell. Physiol. 220: 460–468, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anaerobic digestion of olive mill wastewater in a periodic anaerobic baffled reactor (PABR) followed by further effluent purification via membrane separation technologies
Authors: Stamatelatou K. , Kopsahelis A. , Blika P.S. , Paraskeva C.A. , Lyberatos G. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: The combined treatment of olive mill wastewater (OMWW) by applying the anaerobic digestion process and further treatment in a system consisting of filters and membranes is presented. The anaerobic digestion of the OMWW took place in a high rate system, the periodic anaerobic baffled reactor (PABR). Application of the membrane system aimed at purifying the anaerobic effluent.RESULTS: An increase in the organic loading rate was achieved by increasing the influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) and alternatively by decreasing the hydraulic retention time (HRT). The first option caused process failure, since the volatile fatty acids accumulation resulted in negligible biogas production. In contrast, the second change (decrease in HRT) led to stable operation that permitted the reduction of the HRT to 3.75 d and increase of the organic loading rate to 8.9 g tCOD L−1 d−1 with satisfactory total COD removal (72%). Higher total COD removal (up to 80%) was observed at lower organic loading rates (<3.5 g tCOD L−1 d−1). Further purification in the membrane units resulted in a final permeate of less than 0.1 g tCOD L−1. The membrane systems proved to be more efficient on the anaerobic effluent than on the raw OMWW (the final permeate in that case contained 1g tCOD L−1).CONCLUSIONS: The anaerobic digestion of OMWW in a PABR was stable even at high organic loading rates. Filtering and membrane fractionation of the PABR effluent resulted in a final permeate stream of high quality, suitable for irrigation and/or reuse in the proposed operating scheme for diluting the OMWW prior to anaerobic digestion. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Pilot study on contact efficiency of gaseous and misty substrates through in situ sparging
Authors: Lin Chen H. , Kuo M. C. Tom , Fan Kai C. , Yang Sheng C. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: The efficiency of in situ bioremediation observed in the field is often lower than that found in the laboratory, which can be due to the contact efficiency of air, substrates and bacteria achieved in the field being lower than that obtained in the laboratory. In this study, in situ pilot tests of air injection were conducted to evaluate the contact efficiency of both gaseous (toluene) and misty (tritiated water) substrates in the subsurface environment.RESULTS: Based on the observed distributions of air saturation, toluene and tritiated water in the pilot, the contact efficiency of the gaseous substrate was significantly better than that of the misty substrate with a median mist size of 10 µm.CONCLUSION: The contact efficiency of the gaseous substrate is very close to that of air. The sweep volume of the misty substrate through in situ sparging is only present near the injection point and therefore the contact efficiency is very limited. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Dismantling Rube Goldberg: Cutting through chaos to achieve coordinated care
Authors: Pham Hoangmai H. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractDr. Pham, a practicing general internist and health policy researcher, recalls her experience, as a granddaughter, of how patients, families, and physicians are often complicit in foiling the good coordination of care. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2009;4:259–260. © 2009 Society of Hospital Medicine.
A 50‐year‐old man with stage 2 sarcoidosis with pleural involvement
Authors: Modrykamien Ariel , Arrossi Andrea , Reddy Anita 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe present a case of a 50‐year‐old man who presented with progressive shortness of breath, cough, chest pain, and weight loss. His computer tomography (CT) scan of the chest showed a left‐sided pleural effusion, subpleural and peribronchovascular nodules, bilateral hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopaties. Traasbronchial biopsies of the lung parenchyma and Video‐Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) with pleural biopsies revealed the presence of noncaseating granulomas. A diagnosis of stage 2 sarcoidosis with pleural involvement was made and treatment with prednisone was started. The patient continued with persistent dyspnea and a left‐sided pleural effusion. Steroid treatment was tapered and leflunomide therapy was initiated. A significant improvement of his clinical condition was seen after 1 month on treatment.
Head morphology of the ricefish, Oryzias latipes (Teleostei: Beloniformes)
Authors: Werneburg Ingmar , Hertwig Stefan T. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe medaka, Oryzias latipes, is a model organism in experimental biology. Its ontogeny and osteology have been studied frequently, but no detailed description of its cranial anatomy exists. Based on manual dissections, histological slide sections, and 3D‐reconstructions, we describe the anatomy of the jaw apparatus of O. latipes, focusing on musculature, connective tissue elements, and the nervous system. The soft tissue anatomy of the head of O. latipes is characterized by several derived characters that seem to be related to the modification of the upper jaw and a reduced mobility of its bones, which is an evolutionary novelty of the Beloniformes. These apomorphies could also be influenced by the small size of O. latipes. The maxilla is medial to the premaxilla. The presence of extensive connective tissue elements severely limits the mobility of both bones against each other and against the neurocranium. The external section of m. adductor mandibulae is partly fused with the internal section, originates from the quadrate, and inserts to the lower jaw. The intermediate head of the internal section is narrow and forms a bend along the ventral margin of the orbit. The intramandibular section is a separate narrow muscle between retroarcticular and dentary. These characters need to be verified in other representatives of Beloniformes to test their contribution to the disputed phylogenetic relationships within this taxon and to improve the understanding of the evolution of beak‐like jaws in beloniform fishes. J. Morphol., 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Major muscle systems in the larval caenogastropod, Ilyanassa obsoleta, display different patterns of development
Authors: Evans Carol C.E. , Dickinson Amanda J.G. , Croll Roger P. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis study describes the anatomical and developmental aspects of muscular development from the early embryo to competent larval stage in the gastropod Ilyanassa obsoleta. Staining of F‐actin revealed differential spatial and temporal patterns of several muscles. In particular, two major muscles, the larval retractor and pedal retractor muscles originate independently and display distinct developmental patterns similar to observations in other gastropod species. Additionally, together with the larval retractor muscle, the accessory larval muscle developed in the embryo at the trochophore stage. Therefore, both these muscles develop prior to ontogenetic torsion. The pedal retractor muscle marked the most abundant growth in the mid veliger stage. Also during the middle stage, the metapodial retractor muscle and opercular retractor muscle grew concurrently with development of the foot. We show evidence that juvenile muscles, such as the buccal mass muscle and siphon muscle develop initially during the late veliger stage. Collectively, these findings substantiate that larval myogenesis involves a complex sequence of events that appear evolutionary conserved within the gastropods, and set the stage for future studies using this model species to address issues concerning the evolution and eventual fates of larval musculature in molluscs. J. Morphol., 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Palmar bowing of the flexor retinaculum on wrist MRI correlates with subjective reports of pain in carpal tunnel syndrome
Authors: Tsujii Masaya , Hirata Hithoshi , Morita Akimasa , Uchida Atsumasa 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the utility of palmar bowing of the flexor retinaculum (PBFR) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as an adjunct to presurgical evaluation of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).Materials and MethodsThe CTS group comprised 48 women with CTS diagnosed from clinical history, physical examination, and electrophysiological findings. Another 21 healthy women with no symptoms of CTS served as controls. The CTS group was divided into four subgroups based on symptom duration. CTS patients were preoperatively assessed for symptom severity using a Likert scale. In both groups, palmar bowing of the flexor retinaculum (PBFR) was measured on MRI. Furthermore, relationships with disease duration, subjective symptom severity, and electrophysiological findings were assessed in the CTS group.ResultsAlthough PBFR increased significantly in all CTS groups when compared to the control group, PBFR in patients who complained of severe pain tended to exceed that in patients with mild to moderate pain. Statistical analysis showed a positive correlation between PBFR and pain severity. In contrast, PBFR did not reflect median nerve function.ConclusionPBFR as seen on MRI seems to correlate significantly with patients' subjective reports of pain severity. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:1102–1105. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vivo quantification of femoral‐popliteal compression during isometric thigh contraction: Assessment using MR angiography
Authors: Brown Ryan , Nguyen Thanh D. , Spincemaille Pascal , Prince Martin R. , Wang Yi 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPurposeTo quantify femoral‐popliteal vessel deformation during thigh contraction.Materials and MethodsEleven subjects underwent a magnetic resonance (MR) examination of the femoral‐popliteal vasculature on a 1.5 T system. A custom 3D balanced steady‐state free precession (SSFP) sequence was implemented to image a 15–20‐cm segment of the vasculature during relaxation and voluntary isometric thigh contraction. The arterial and venous lumina were outlined using a semiautomated method. For the artery, this outline was fit to an ellipse whose aspect ratio was used to describe arterial deformation, while venous deformation was characterized by its cross‐sectional area.ResultsFocal compression of the femoral‐popliteal artery during contraction was observed 94–143 mm superior to the condyle that corresponds to the distal adductor canal (AC) immediately superior to the adductor hiatus. This was illustrated by a significant reduction (P ≤ 0.05) in aspect ratio from 0.88 ± 0.06 during relaxation to 0.77 ± 0.09 during contraction. A negligible change in arterial aspect ratio was observed inferior to the AC and in the proximal AC. Similarly, venous area was dramatically reduced in the distal AC region during contraction.ConclusionRapid 3D SSFP MR angiography of the femoral‐popliteal vasculature during thigh contraction demonstrated focal compression of the artery in the distal AC region. This may help explain the high stent failure rate and the high likelihood of atherosclerotic disease in the AC. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:1116–1124. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Changes in hepatic venous morphology with cirrhosis on MRI
Authors: Zhang Yang , Zhang Xiao Ming , Prowda Joan C. , Zhang Hong Lei , Sant'Anna Henry Carolina , Shih George , Emond Jean C. , Prince Martin R. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPurposeTo identify changes in vascular morphology on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with cirrhosis and to compare these findings to liver donors.Materials and MethodsPatients undergoing liver transplantation with biopsy‐proven cirrhosis (n = 74) and liver donor candidates (n = 85) underwent dynamic gadolinium‐enhanced 3D MR at 1.5T. Vessel diameters were measured independently by three radiologists and features of cirrhosis were identified and correlated with cirrhosis.ResultsHepatic veins were smaller in patients with cirrhosis (4.9, 4.5, and 5.0 mm for right, middle, and left vs. 9.9, 7.6, and 8.9 mm in donors, P ≪ 0.001) and were negatively correlated with cirrhosis (P < 0.001). Right hepatic vein (RHV) <5 mm diagnosed cirrhosis with 59% sensitivity and 99% specificity; the sensitivity and specificity were 88% and 85% for RHV <7 mm. Main portal vein was minimally larger in cirrhosis, 14 versus 12 mm (P < 0.001) in donors. Right portal veins were smaller in cirrhotic patients, 6.5 and 6.2 mm compared to 8.4 and 7.6 mm (P ≪ 0.001), respectively, in donors.ConclusionVascular features of cirrhosis include small hepatic veins, minimally enlarged main portal vein, and small intrahepatic portal veins; these features may facilitate identification of cirrhosis. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:1085–1092. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MRI and histological analysis of beta‐amyloid plaques in both human Alzheimer's disease and APP/PS1 transgenic mice
Authors: Meadowcroft Mark D. , Connor James R. , Smith Michael B. , Yang Qing X. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the relationship between MR image contrast associated with beta‐amyloid (Aβ) plaques and their histology and compare the histopathological basis of image contrast and the relaxation mechanism associated with Aβ plaques in human Alzheimer's disease (AD) and transgenic APP/PS1 mouse tissues.Materials and MethodsWith the aid of the previously developed histological coil, T‐weighted images and R parametric maps were directly compared with histology stains acquired from the same set of Alzheimer's and APP/PS1 tissue slices.ResultsThe electron microscopy and histology images revealed significant differences in plaque morphology and associated iron concentration between AD and transgenic APP/PS1 mice tissue samples. For AD tissues, T contrast of Aβ‐plaques was directly associated with the gradation of iron concentration. Plaques with significantly less iron load in the APP/PS1 animal tissues are equally conspicuous as the human plaques in the MR images.ConclusionThese data suggest a duality in the relaxation mechanism where both high focal iron concentration and highly compact fibrillar beta‐amyloid masses cause rapid proton transverse magnetization decay. For human tissues, the former mechanism is likely the dominant source of R relaxation; for APP/PS1 animals, the latter is likely the major cause of increased transverse proton relaxation rate in Aβ plaques. The data presented are essential for understanding the histopathological underpinning of MRI measurement associated with Aβ plaques in humans and animals. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:997–1007. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Early marker for Alzheimer's disease: Hippocampus T1rho (T1ρ) estimation
Authors: Haris Mohammad , McArdle Erin , Fenty Matthew , Singh Anup , Davatzikos Christos , Trojanowski John Q. , Melhem Elias R. , Clark Christopher M. , Borthakur Arijitt 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the T1rho (T1ρ) MRI relaxation time in hippocampus in the brain of Alzheimer's disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and control, and to determine whether the T1ρ shows any significant difference between these cohorts.Materials and MethodsWith informed consent, AD (n = 49), MCI (n = 48), and age‐matched control (n = 31) underwent T1ρ MRI on a Siemens 1.5T Scanner. T1ρ values were automatically calculated from the left and right hippocampus region using in‐house developed software. Bonferroni post‐hoc multiple comparisons was performed to compare the T1ρ value among the different cohorts.ResultsSignificantly higher T1ρ values were observed both in AD (P = 0.000) and MCI (P = 0.037) cohorts compared to control; also, the T1ρ in AD was significantly high over (P = 0.032) MCI. Hippocampus T1ρ was 13% greater in the AD patients than control, while in MCI it was 7% greater than control. Hippocampus T1ρ in AD patients was 6% greater than MCI.ConclusionHigher hippocampus T1ρ values in the AD patients might be associated with the increased plaques burden. A follow‐up study would help to determine the efficacy of T1ρ values as a predictor of developing AD in the control and MCI individuals. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:1008–1012. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MRI methods for evaluating the effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitor administration used to enhance chemotherapy efficiency in a breast tumor xenograft model
Authors: Aliu S.O. , Wilmes L.J. , Moasser M.M. , Hann B.C. , Li K.‐L. , Wang D. , Hylton N.M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate whether quantitative MRI parameters are sensitive to the effects of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib and can discriminate between two different treatment protocols.Materials and MethodsUntreated mice with BT474 breast tumor xenografts were characterized in a preliminary study. Subsequently, tumor volume, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), transendothelial permeability (Kps), and fractional plasma volume (fPV) were measured in three groups of mice receiving: 1) control vehicle for 10 days, or gefitinib as 2) a single daily dose for 10 days or 3) a 2‐day pulsed dose.ResultsGefitinib treatment resulted in significant tumor growth inhibition (pulsed: 439 ± 93; daily: 404 ± 53; control: 891 ± 174 mm3, P < 0.050) and lower cell density (pulsed: 0.15 ± 0.01, daily: 0.17 ± 0.01, control: 0.24 ± 0.01, P < 0.050) after 9 days. Tumor ADC increased in treated groups but decreased in controls (P > 0.050). Tumor Kps decreased with pulsed treatment but rebounded afterwards and increased with daily treatment (P > 0.050). Tumor fPV increased in both treated groups, decreasing afterwards with pulsed treatment (P > 0.050).ConclusionQuantitative MRI can provide a sensitive measure of gefitinib‐induced tumor changes, potentially distinguish between treatment regimens, and may be useful for determining optimal treatment scheduling for enhancing chemotherapy delivery. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:1071–1079. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of spiral imaging and SENSE‐EPI at 1.5 and 3.0 T using a controlled cerebrovascular challenge
Authors: Winter Jeff D. , Poublanc Julien , Crawley Adrian P. , Kassner Andrea 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPurposeTo quantitatively compare spiral imaging and sensitivity‐encoded‐echo‐planar‐imaging (SENSE‐EPI) methods for blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) imaging using controlled changes in the end‐tidal partial pressure of CO2 (PetCO2) to provide a global BOLD response. Specifically, we examined susceptibility‐field‐gradient effects on the BOLD sensitivity throughout the brain.Materials and MethodsWe quantified cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) using the BOLD response to cyclic changes in PetCO2 in five healthy volunteers at 1.5 and 3.0 T using spiral imaging and SENSE‐EPI. We compared the two techniques with respect to susceptibility‐induced signal dropout and CVR t‐statistic.ResultsCompared to spiral imaging, SENSE‐EPI significantly reduced the volume of signal dropout by 32 ± 18% at 3.0 T. In regions with large susceptibility gradients, SENSE‐EPI demonstrated a trend for a greater t‐statistic than spiral imaging, particularly at 3.0 T. However, no statistically significant between‐technique differences existed.ConclusionThe results at 3.0 T suggest that, compared with spiral imaging, SENSE‐EPI reduces signal loss associated with susceptibility field gradients in affected regions without affecting BOLD sensitivity. This study also demonstrates a unique application of controlled PetCO2 changes to quantitatively compare BOLD techniques, which may be useful for the design of future fMRI studies. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:1206–1210. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of flip angle on volume flow measurement with nontriggered phase‐contrast MR: In vivo evaluation in carotid and basilar arteries
Authors: Tanaka Hisashi , Fujita Norihiko , Takahashi Hiroto , Sakai Mio , Nagao Taisuke , Murase Kenya , Nakamura Hironobu 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the effect of flip angle on volume flow rate measurements obtained with nontriggered phase‐contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in vivo.Materials and MethodsWe prospectively measured volume flow rates of the bilateral internal carotid artery and the basilar artery with cine and nontriggered phase‐contrast MRI. For nontriggered phase‐contrast imaging, flip angles of 4, 15, 60, and 90° were used for 40 volunteers and of 8, 15, and 30° for 54 volunteers. Lumen boundaries were semiautomatically determined by pulsatility‐based segmentation using cine phase‐contrast MRI. Identical lumen boundaries were used for nontriggered phase‐contrast imaging.ResultsThe ratio of volume flow rate obtained with nontriggered phase‐contrast imaging to that obtained with cine phase‐contrast imaging significantly increases with an increase in the flip angle. The mean ratios lie within a relatively narrow range of ±15% with a wide range of flip angles of 8–90°. As the flip angle increases, ghost artifacts become prominent and signal‐to‐noise and contrast‐to‐noise ratios increase.ConclusionFlip angles between 8 and 60° are most appropriate for nontriggered phase‐contrast MR measurements in the internal carotid and the basilar artery. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:1218–1223. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.