bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementing absolute cardiovascular disease risk assessment into pathology collection services
Authors: Pagano Lisa , Sharman James E. , Nash Rose , Sutton Laura , Donovan Shaun , Owens Daniel , Murfett Leigh , Heathcote Sheridan , Wells Gudrun , Zurynski Yvonne , Sarkies Mitchell , Chapman Niamh 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundPathology services represent an ideal setting to integrate absolute cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk estimation when patients attend for routine cholesterol testing. This study aimed to explore the process of implementing CVD risk estimation into point‐of‐care service delivery by pathology staff to inform future implementation and sustainability.MethodsA new service for CVD risk estimation via a self‐directed screening station was implemented into 14 pathology service sites across Tasmania, Australia. Before implementation, observations at pathology services (n = 26) and semi‐structured interviews were undertaken with 26 pathology staff (88% female, 77% aged 41–60 years) to identify factors that could impact implementation of the service. The process of implementation was then evaluated using participant observations and clinical trial recruitment data. Transcripts and field notes were analysed thematically according to the Medical Research Council Framework and used to develop a programme logic model to understand how the service could be adapted to be successfully integrated into routine workflow at pathology services.ResultsEight key themes were identified during the pre‐implementation phase as important factors that could impact upon integration of CVD risk estimation into pathology services. Themes related to factors within the organisation, including available resources, logistics and workflow, as well as having sufficient time to complete the intervention. Additional factors related to the individual motivations of staff, collaborative leadership and patient characteristics. Success of implementation varied among sites, requiring the trialling of different strategies to support uptake of the service and patient recruitment.ConclusionsImplementing CVD risk estimation into point‐of‐care pathology services required an understanding of the core implementation components specific to each context, and for implementation strategies to be targeted to the individual and organisational contexts. The generated programme logic model may be useful in guiding future implementation endeavours within these services and aiding the selection of apt implementation strategies.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04896021, registered 19/05/2021, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04896021.
(Cost‐)effectiveness of personalised multimodal physiotherapy compared to surgery in patients with cervical radiculopathy: A systematic review
Authors: Klein Heerenbrink Sebastiaan , Coenen Pieter , Coppieters Michel W. , van Dongen Johanna M. , Vleggeert‐Lankamp Carmen L. A. , Rooker Servan , ter Meulen Bastiaan C. , Bosboom Johannes L. W. , Bouma Gerrit J. , Lutke Schipholt Ivo J. , Sleijser‐Koehorst Marije L. S. , de Vries Ralph , Ostelo Raymond W. J. G. , Scholten‐Peeters Gwendolyne G. M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRationaleCervical radiculopathy is initially typically managed conservatively. Surgery is indicated when conservative management fails or with severe/progressive neurological signs. Personalised multimodal physiotherapy could be a promising conservative strategy. However, aggregated evidence on the (cost‐)effectiveness of personalised multimodal physiotherapy compared to surgery with/without post‐operative physiotherapy is lacking.Aim/ObjectivesTo systematically summarise the literature on the (cost‐)effectiveness of personalised multimodal physiotherapy compared to surgery with or without post‐operative physiotherapy in patients with cervical radiculopathy.MethodsPubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Web of Science were searched from inception to 1st of March 2023. Primary outcomes were effectiveness regarding costs, arm pain intensity and disability. Neck pain intensity, perceived recovery, quality of life, neurological symptoms, range‐of‐motion, return‐to‐work, medication use, (re)surgeries and adverse events were considered secondary outcomes. Randomised clinical trials comparing personalised multimodal physiotherapy versus surgical approaches with/without post‐operative physiotherapy were included. Two independent reviewers performed study selection, data‐extraction, and risk of bias assessment using the Cochrane RoB 2 and Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards statement. Certainty of the evidence was determined using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations.ResultsFrom 2109 records, eight papers from two original trials, with 117 participants in total were included. Low certainty evidence showed there were no significant differences on arm pain intensity and disability, except for the subscale ‘heavy work’ related disability (12 months) and disability at 5–8 years. Cost‐effectiveness was not assessed. There was low certainty evidence that physiotherapy improved significantly less on neck pain intensity, sensory loss and perceived recovery compared to surgery with/without physiotherapy. Low certainty evidence showed there were no significant differences on numbness, range of motion, medication use, and quality of life. No adverse events were reported.ConclusionConsidering the clinical importance of accurate management recommendations and the current low level of certainty, high‐quality cost‐effectiveness studies are needed.
Factors influencing central nervous system medication deprescribing and behavior change in hospitalized older adults
Authors: Pavon Juliessa M. , Zhang Audrey D. , Fish Laura J. , Falkovic Margaret , Colón‐Emeric Cathleen S. , Gallagher David M. , Schmader Kenneth E. , Hastings S. Nicole 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundCentral nervous system (CNS) medications are linked to higher morbidity and mortality in older adults. Hospitalization allows for deprescribing opportunities. This qualitative study investigates clinician and patient perspectives on CNS medication deprescribing during hospitalization using a behavioral change framework, aiming to inform interventions and identify recommendations to enhance hospital deprescribing processes.MethodsThis qualitative study focused on hospitalists, primary care providers, pharmacists, and patients aged ≥60 years hospitalized on a general medicine service and prescribed ≥1 CNS medications. Using semi‐structured interviews and focus groups, we aimed to evaluate patient medication knowledge, prior deprescribing experiences, and decision‐making preferences, as well as provider processes and tools for medication evaluation and deprescribing. Rapid qualitative analysis applying the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, and Behavior (COM‐B) framework revealed themes influencing deprescribing behavior in patients and providers.ResultsA total of 52 participants (20 patients and 32 providers) identified facilitators and barriers across deprescribing steps and generated recommended strategies to address them. Clinicians and patients highlighted the opportunity for CNS medication deprescribing during hospitalizations, facilitated by multidisciplinary teams enhancing clinicians' capability to make medication changes. Both groups also stressed the importance of intensive patient engagement, education, and monitoring during hospitalizations, acknowledging challenges in timing and extent of deprescribing, with some patients preferring decisions deferred to outpatient clinicians. Hospitalist and pharmacist recommendations centered on early pharmacist involvement for medication reconciliation, expanding pharmacy consultation and clinician education on deprescribing, whereas patients recommended enhancing shared decision‐making through patient education on medication adverse effects, tapering plans, and alternatives. Hospitalists and PCPs also emphasized standardized discharge instructions and transitional care calls to improve medication review and feedback during care transitions.ConclusionsClinicians and patients highlighted the potential advantages of hospital interventions for CNS medication deprescribing, emphasizing the necessity of addressing communication, education, and coordination challenges between inpatient and outpatient settings.
Assumptions about Human Motivation have Consequences for Practice
Authors: Gagné Marylène , Hewett Rebecca 
Published: June 2024

AbstractManagement practice is informed by fundamental assumptions about human motivation. We review two contrasting perspectives: agency theory – which assumes that humans are self‐interested rational beings whose actions should be constrained to achieve organizational goals (which are opposing) – and self‐determination theory – which assumes that individuals will thrive when they have autonomy to pursue activities and can internalize external goals when their needs are satisfied. We highlight how the assumptions of agency theory continue to dominate the design and implementation of management practices and management education, despite decades of evidence that individuals are not solely driven by economic rationality. We suggest that attempts to refine these assumptions have so far fallen short of adequately representing human motivation and highlight an important aspect of self‐determination theory which is often neglected from these debates: how people come to internalize goals. Placing motivation internalization as more central to management thinking yields practices that more effectively align the interests of employees and organizations.
Comparative assessment of growth performance, heat resistance and carcass traits in four poultry genotypes reared in hot‐humid tropical environment
Authors: Hemanth M. , Venugopal S. , Devaraj C. , Shashank C. G. , Ponnuvel P. , Mandal P. K. , Sejian V. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study investigated the impact of heat stress on growth and carcass traits in four poultry genotypes—Giriraja, Country chicken, Naked Neck and Kadaknath reared in a hot and humid tropical environment. Birds from all genotypes had ad libitum access to feed and water while being challenged with consistently high environmental temperatures in the experimental shed. Daily diurnal meteorological data were recorded inside and outside the shed. The study specifically examined growth variables and carcass characteristics. Significant differences (p < 0.01) were observed in body weight and average daily gain at various intervals. Notably, feed intake showed significant differences (p < 0.01) across weeks, indicating interactions between genotypes and time intervals. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) varied significantly (p < 0.01), with the highest FCR recorded in the Kadaknath breed. Livability percentages were similar across groups, except for Giriraja, which had significantly lower livability (p < 0.01). Carcass traits, including dressing, wings, feathers and giblet percentages, showed significant differences among genotypes (p < 0.01). Hepatic mRNA expression of growth‐related genes revealed numerical variations, with Naked Neck displaying the highest (p < 0.05) fold change in IGF‐1 expression compared to other genotypes. The study recognized in the Naked Neck genotype to possess higher resilience in maintaining homoeostasis and uncompromised growth under heat stress, providing valuable insights for sustainable poultry farming in challenging environmental conditions.
Perceptions of probation officer procedural justice, low self‐control, and recidivism after release from prison
Authors: Baker Thomas , van Hall Matthias , Ray James V. , Nieuwbeerta Paul , Dirkzwager Anja J. E. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPurposeLegal authorities who engage in procedurally just practices may reduce the likelihood of people offending, while low self‐control is a known risk factor for offending.MethodsUsing data from the Prison Project, this study examines whether self‐control conditions the impact of perceived probation officer procedural justice on recidivism for people on probation in the Netherlands.ResultsControlling for demographics and criminal history, procedural justice and low self‐control were both significantly associated with recidivism in the theoretically expected directions. However, no interaction was found between self‐control and procedural justice, suggesting the relationship between perceived fairness and recidivism does not significantly differ across levels of self‐control.ConclusionsThe findings support the generality of procedural justice effects on compliance, regardless of individual traits. In practice, procedural justice may improve outcomes even among people at higher risk on probation.
Clinical characteristics and natural history of porto‐sinusoidal vascular disease: A cohort study of 234 patients in China
Authors: Zhang Yu , Xiong Qingfang , Zhong Yandan , Liu Duxian , Liu Hongli , Wang Li , Du Zhixiang , Chen Miaoyang , Zheng Yufeng , Yang Yongfeng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsPorto‐sinusoidal vascular disease (PSVD) is an under‐recognized and under‐diagnosed disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical features and prognosis of PSVD.MethodsThe patients who underwent liver biopsies were analyzed retrospectively. The clinical and pathological data were reviewed and screened according to the latest diagnostic criteria of PSVD.ResultsA total of 234 patients were diagnosed as PSVD, including 103 patients presented with portal hypertension (PH) and 131 patients without PH. At baseline, the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) levels were higher in the no‐PH group. The liver stiffness increased in the PH group. In histological review, obliterative portal venopathy, sinusoidal dilatation and architectural disturbance were more common in the PH group, while portal tract abnormalities were more widely distributed in the no‐PH group. After a median follow‐up of 43.6 months, the survival rate of patients with baseline liver decompensation was 76.0%, and that of patients at a liver compensated stage in the PH group was 98.7%. First variceal bleeding occurred in 13.8% of patients with gastric‐oesophageal varices. None of the patients in the no‐PH group developed portal hypertension during follow‐up.ConclusionsPSVD can manifest as PH or mild liver enzyme abnormalities. There are significant differences in pathological features among patients with different clinical manifestations. Recurrent ascites are the main cause of death in PSVD patients. However, patients without PH have a slow disease progression, with recurrent elevated GGT levels being their main clinical feature.
From pollen to putrid: Comparative metagenomics reveals how microbiomes support dietary specialization in vulture bees
Authors: Maccaro Jessica J. , Figueroa Laura L. , McFrederick Quinn S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFor most animals, the microbiome is key for nutrition and pathogen defence, and is often shaped by diet. Corbiculate bees, including honey bees, bumble bees, and stingless bees, share a core microbiome that has been shaped, at least in part, by the challenges associated with pollen digestion. However, three species of stingless bees deviate from the general rule of bees obtaining their protein exclusively from pollen (obligate pollinivores) and instead consume carrion as their sole protein source (obligate necrophages) or consume both pollen and carrion (facultative necrophages). These three life histories can provide missing insights into microbiome evolution associated with extreme dietary transitions. Here, we investigate, via shotgun metagenomics, the functionality of the microbiome across three bee diet types: obligate pollinivory, obligate necrophagy, and facultative necrophagy. We find distinct differences in microbiome composition and gene functional profiles between the diet types. Obligate necrophages and pollinivores have more specialized microbes, whereas facultative necrophages have a diversity of environmental microbes associated with several dietary niches. Our study suggests that necrophagous bee microbiomes may have evolved to overcome cellular stress and microbial competition associated with carrion. We hypothesize that the microbiome evolved social phenotypes, such as biofilms, that protect the bees from opportunistic pathogens present on carcasses, allowing them to overcome novel nutritional challenges. Whether specific microbes enabled diet shifts or diet shifts occurred first and microbial evolution followed requires further research to disentangle. Nonetheless, we find that necrophagous microbiomes, vertebrate and invertebrate alike, have functional commonalities regardless of their taxonomy.
Neutral processes and taxonomic scale drive beta species‐genetic diversity correlations in a submesophotic tropical reef fish
Authors: Vilcot Maurine , Faure Nadia , Andrews Kimberly R. , Bowen Brian W. , Leprieur Fabien , Manel Stéphanie 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIf similar evolutionary forces maintain intra‐ and interspecific diversity, patterns of diversity at both levels of biological organization can be expected to covary across space. Although this prediction of a positive species‐genetic diversity correlation (SGDC) has been tested for several taxa in natural landscapes, no study has yet evaluated the influence of the community delineation on these SGDCs. In this study, we focused on tropical fishes of the Indo‐Pacific Ocean, using range‐wide single nucleotide polymorphism data for a deep‐sea fish (Etelis coruscans) and species presence data of 4878 Teleostei species. We investigated whether a diversity continuum occurred, for different community delineations (subfamily, family, order and class) and spatial extents, and which processes explained these diversity patterns. We found no association between genetic diversity and species richness (α‐SGDC), regardless of the community and spatial extent. In contrast, we evidenced a positive relationship between genetic and species dissimilarities (β‐SGDC) when the community was defined at the subfamily or family level of the species of interest, and when the Western Indian Ocean was excluded. This relationship was related to the imprint of dispersal processes across levels of biological organization in Lutjanidae. However, this positive β‐SGDC was lost when considering higher taxonomic communities and at the scale of the entire Indo‐Pacific, suggesting different responses of populations and communities to evolutionary processes at these scales. This study provides evidence that the taxonomic scale at which communities are defined and the spatial extent are pivotal to better understand the processes shaping diversity across levels of biological organization.
Epidemiologic features and therapeutic strategies of kerion: A nationwide multicentre study
Authors: Deng Ruixin , Chen Xiaoqing , Zheng Dongyan , Xiao Yuanyuan , Dong Bilin , Cao Cunwei , Ma Lin , Tong Zhongsheng , Zhu Min , Liu Zehu , Lu Sha , Fu Meng , Jin Yun , Yin Bin , Li Fuqiu , Li Xiaofang , Abliz Palida , Liu Hongfang , Zhang Yu , Yu Nan , Wu Weiwei , Xiong Xincai , Zeng Jingsi , Huang Huaiqiu , Jiang Yanping , Chen Guanzhi , Pan Weihua , Sang Hong , Wang Ying , Guo Yun , Shi Dongmei , Yang Jianxun , Ran Yuping , Hu Jin , Yang Lianjuan , Bai Shuang , Yu Jin , Wang Xiaowen , Li Ruoyu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundKerion is a severe type of tinea capitis that is difficult to treat and remains a public health problem.ObjectivesTo evaluate the epidemiologic features and efficacy of different treatment schemes from real‐world experience.MethodsFrom 2019 to 2021, 316 patients diagnosed with kerion at 32 tertiary Chinese hospitals were enrolled. We analysed the data of each patient, including clinical characteristics, causative pathogens, treatments and outcomes.ResultsPreschool children were predominantly affected and were more likely to have zoophilic infection. The most common pathogen in China was Microsporum canis. Atopic dermatitis (AD), animal contact, endothrix infection and geophilic pathogens were linked with kerion occurrence. In terms of treatment, itraconazole was the most applied antifungal agent and reduced the time to mycological cure. A total of 22.5% of patients received systemic glucocorticoids simultaneously, which reduced the time to complete symptom relief. Furthermore, glucocorticoids combined with itraconazole had better treatment efficacy, with a higher rate and shorter time to achieving mycological cure.ConclusionsKerion often affects preschoolers and leads to serious sequelae, with AD, animal contact, and endothrix infection as potential risk factors. Glucocorticoids, especially those combined with itraconazole, had better treatment efficacy.
The Euro Area Government Spending Multiplier in Demand‐ and Supply‐Driven Recessions
Authors: Di Serio Mario , Fragetta Matteo , Gasteiger Emanuel , Melina Giovanni 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe estimate government spending multipliers in demand‐ and supply‐driven recessions for the Euro Area. Multipliers in a moderately demand‐driven recession are two to three times larger than in a moderately supply‐driven recession, with the difference between multipliers being non‐zero with very high probability. More generally, multipliers are inversely correlated with the deviation of inflation from its trend, implying that the more demand‐driven a recession, the higher the multiplier. Multipliers range from 0.5 in supply‐driven recessions to about 2 in demand‐driven recessions. The econometric approach leverages a factor‐augmented interacted vector‐autoregression model purified of expectations (FAIPVAR‐X). The model captures the time‐varying state of the business‐cycle including strongly and moderately demand‐ and supply‐driven recessions, by taking the whole distribution of inflation deviations from trend into account.
Not a match: Why women are not choosing pain medicine
Authors: Ege Eliana , Koyyalagunta Lakshmi , Javed Saba 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundDespite a long history of disparities in medicine, women have made significant progress toward gender equity in medical schools, training programs, and many fields in recent years. However, pain medicine has remained behind most specialties in female recruitment and representation.MethodsWe reviewed the latest demographic data on practicing physicians, trainees, and applicants with the aim of analyzing gender trends and identifying potential factors contributing to the shortage of women in our specialty.ResultsBased on data from the past 10 years, the percentages of women among pain physicians, fellows, and applicants have remained stagnant, in contrast to the increases seen not only in the general medical workforce but also in other interventional specialties.ConclusionsGiven these trends, it is likely that persistent gender disparities and biases play a role in preventing women from pursuing careers in pain, and unlikely that the current trajectory will change unless we take steps to address these and other relevant factors.