bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Labeling Lipids for Imaging in Live Cells: Figure 1.
Authors: Schultz Carsten , Neef Anne B. , Gadella Theodorus W. , Goedhart Joachim 
Published: July 2010

INTRODUCTIONFluorescently tagged lipid-binding domains have become a popular tool to image lipids that are involved in intracellular signaling processes. The readout usually involves the translocation of the lipid-binding domain from the cytosol or nucleosol to the membrane of interest, or vice versa. Unfortunately, this method seems to work predominantly for lipids in the plasma membrane, whereas lipids such as phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) are not recognized in the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum or the Golgi. Very recently, we developed an alternative way of localizing a lipid of interest by fluorescent labeling of minimally modified lipid derivatives using a single specific chemical reaction. For lipid location analyses, the method is used in fixed cells. However, for studying lipid dynamics, specific labeling in living cells is also possible. This protocol describes how to directly label lipids for imaging in living cells.
Immunization with newly transformed Schistosoma mansoni schistosomula tegument elicits tegument damage, reduction in egg and parasite burden
Authors: TEIXEIRA de MELO T. , MICHEL de ARAUJO J. , Do VALLE DURÃES F. , CALIARI M. V. , OLIVEIRA S. C. , COELHO P. M. Z. , FONSECA C. T. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThe surface of the schistosomula is an important target for host immune system attack because the tegument represents the interface between host and parasite and thus is a potential candidate for the development of new intervention strategies. In this study, we evaluated the ability of schistosomula tegument (Smteg) to induce protection in mice. Immunization of mice with Smteg together with Freund adjuvant induced a Th1 type of immune response associated with a significant reduction in worm burden (43–48%), eggs trapped in the liver (65%), eggs eliminated in the faeces (59–60%) and granuloma number (41%). Lastly, during an in vitro study, worms from mice immunized with Smteg showed damage in the adult worm tegument and impaired egg laying.
Comparison of low‐dose and high‐dose cosyntropin stimulation testing in children
Authors: Cemeroglu Ayse Pinar , Kleis Lora , Postellon Daniel C. , Wood Michael A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground:  There is no consensus among pediatric endocrinologists in using low‐dose (LD) versus high‐dose (HD) cosyntropin to test for secondary/tertiary adrenal insufficiency. This paper compares LD and HD cosyntropin stimulation testing in children for evaluation of hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis (HPAA) and suggests a new peak cortisol cut‐off value for LD stimulation testing to avoid false positivity.Methods:  Data of 36 children receiving LD (1 µg) and HD (249 µg) cosyntropin consecutively during growth hormone (GH) stimulation testing were analyzed in two groups. Group A were patients who passed GH stimulation testing and were not on oral, inhaled or intranasal steroids (intact hypothalamic‐pituitary axis, n= 19). Group B were patients who failed GH stimulation testing and/or were on oral, inhaled or intranasal steroids (impaired hypothalamic‐pituitary axis, n= 17).Results:  In group A, the mean peak cortisol response in LD cosyntropin was 18.5 ± 2.4 µg/dL and that for the HD cosyntropin was 24.8 ± 3.1 µg/dL (r: 0.76, P≤ 0.05). In group B, the mean peak cortisol response in LD cosyntropin was 15.7 ± 6.1 µg/dL and that for HD cosyntropin was 21.7 ± 7.9 µg/dL (r: 0.98, P≤ 0.05). When a standard cut‐off of 18 µg/dL was used, 37% of the patients with intact HPAA failed LD cosyntropin testing, but a cut‐off of 14 µg/dL eliminated false positive results.Conclusions:  LD cosyntropin stimulation testing results should be interpreted cautiously when used alone to prevent unnecessary long‐term treatment. Using a lower cut‐off for LD (≥14 µg/dL) seems to avoid false positive results and still detects most cases of impaired HPAA.
Endoscopic ultrasound of pancreatic cystic lesions
Authors: Prasad Shyam , Wilson Jarrad , Kalade Andrius , Desmond Paul , Chen Robert 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground:  The impact of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) on the management of pancreatic cystic lesions remains unclear, and there are no published studies of the Australian experience in this area. The aim of this study was to review the experience of EUS for such lesions within our institution.Methods:  A retrospective review was undertaken of data collected prospectively over a two‐year period within the EUS database of St. Vincent's Hospital. Patients who underwent EUS for suspected pancreatic cystic lesions were identified. Data were collected on demographic variables, EUS findings, the results of EUS‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) and the findings on clinical and radiological follow‐up.Results:  Fifty‐nine patients were identified. Two thirds were female. Most lesions were located at the pancreatic head. Median diameter was 25 mm. FNA was performed in 36 cases (61%). On cytology, six (17%) showed features of mucinous tumours and five (14%) showed adenocarcinoma. The remainder contained either non‐specific benign cells or insufficient epithelial tissue. Follow‐up data on 48 cases (83%), after a median duration of 15 months, revealed that 15 lesions (31%) had been resected, including six serous and six mucinous tumours. The level of carcinoembryonic antigen in FNA specimens appeared to be higher in mucinous than in serous neoplasms. Twenty‐four lesions had undergone repeat radiological imaging: only three had grown in size.Conclusions:  EUS and FNA are useful procedures for assessing pancreatic cystic lesions. Malignant features are demonstrated in only a small minority. The majority of the remainder show no signs of progression during follow‐up.
Bayesian Scheme for Interactive Colourization, Recolourization and Image/Video Editing
Authors: Dalmau Oscar , Rivera Mariano , Alarcón Teresa 
Published: July 2010

Abstract We propose a general image and video editing method based on a Bayesian segmentation framework. In the first stage, classes are established from scribbles made by a user on the image. These scribbles can be considered as a multi‐map (multi‐label map) that defines the boundary conditions of a probability measure field to be computed for each pixel. In the second stage, the global minima of a positive definite quadratic cost function with linear constraints, is calculated to find the probability measure field. The components of such a probability measure field express the degree of each pixel belonging to spatially smooth classes. Finally, the computed probabilities (memberships) are used for defining the weights of a linear combination of user provided colours or effects associated to each class. The proposed method allows the application of different operators, selected interactively by the user, over part or the whole image without needing to recompute the memberships. We present applications to colourization, recolourization, editing and photomontage tasks.
Effects of deoxyribonucleoside 5′‐monophosphates on human skin conditions
Authors: Hsu T.‐F. , Wang M.‐F. , Yamamoto S. , Sekido H. , Hoshino Y. , Honmura A. , Akita R. , Enari H. 
Published: July 2010

Vol. 43, No.3 (2009) pp.209–216We investigated the effects of deoxyribonucleoside 5′‐monophosphates (dNMP) on human skin conditions. dNMPs (dAMP, dGMP, dCMP, dTMP) were prepared from salmon milt DNA using enzymatic and chromatographic techniques. First, we investigated the rubbing test of dNMP mixture on skin. 1% of dNMP mixture‐containing cream (1%‐dNMP group), 3% of dNMP mixture‐containing cream (3%‐dNMP group), or no dNMP‐containing cream (control group) was rubbed on the skin of the face and hand of the male subjects (ten / each group) for 12 weeks. The 1%‐dNMP group had significantly improved skin‐elasticity compared to that of the control group at 8 weeks, and the tendency of improvement of skin‐elasticity was also recognized at 4 and 12 weeks. The 3%‐dNMP group tended to have improved skin‐elasticity at every period. The water content of face skin was significantly increased in the 3%‐dNMP group at 12 weeks. In addition, in the questionnaire, more than 80% of the 3%‐dNMP group answered that they felt the improvement of skin roughness after 4 weeks. These results indicated that the dNMP mixture has the effect of improving skin conditions by rubbing. Next, we evaluated the effect of the enzymatic digested DNA‐Na which contained dNMPs using normal dermal fibroblast from human skin (SF‐TY cell). Enzymatic digested DNA‐Na showed the activation effect of cell proliferation and the promoting effect of collagen production on SF‐TY cell. In a comparison of dNMPs, dAMP showed the highest activity of collagen production.
Addressing technical challenges associated with the FDA's proposed rules for the UVA in vitro testing procedure
Authors: Dueva‐Koganov O. V. , Rocafort C. , Orofino S. , Osterwalder U. , Brito J. 
Published: July 2010

J. Cosmet. Sci.,
60, 587–598 (November/December 2009)SynopsisThe proposed rules of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the UVA in vitro testing procedure were applied to the evaluation of various sunscreen formulations and the following technical challenges were observed: when proposed roughened quartz substrates were used, the required coefficient‐of‐variation criteria were not met, and the dynamic ranges of the available transmittance analyzers were exceeded for sunscreens with high SPF values. In the proposed rules, the FDA requested comment regarding the suitability of other possible substrates. In this research, two modifications to the FDA's proposed rules were evaluated: (i) the use of an alternative substrate, Vitro Skin® N‐19 (IMS, Inc.) instead of roughened quartz substrate and (ii) an increase in application time from 10 s to 30 s to ensure a uniform distribution of sunscreen product over the application area of the substrate. These two modifications allowed meeting the required coefficient‐of‐variation criteria without exceeding the dynamic ranges of the available transmittance analyzers. The modified test conditions were utilized for the evaluation of six commercial sunscreens, which fulfilled criteria of ‘medium’ or ‘high’ categories—based on their UVAI/UV ratios. These findings were in agreement with the statement in the proposed rules that the FDA is aware of the difficulty for current sunscreen formulations to meet the ‘highest’ category and believes that allowing such a category will foster additional research and development in this area. To determine if it was possible to achieve a UVA rating greater than 0.95, two experimental sunscreen prototypes with bisoctrizole (USAN), bemotrizinol (USAN), avobenzone, and octocrylene were tested under the modified test conditions and attained the ‘highest’ category. It should be noted that bisoctrizole and bemotrizinol are being evaluated by the FDA under TEA and are not permitted in the USA at this time, but they are approved for use in the rest of the world.
Caffeine microspheres – an attractive carrier for optimum skin penetration
Authors: Bourgeois S. , Bolzinger M.A. , Pelletier J. , Valour J.P. , Briançon St. 
Published: July 2010

IFSCC Magazine, 12 (4) 359–363 (2009)SynopsisCaffeine is an effective slimming agent used for topical administration or in cosmetic products. The formulation must be such that caffeine reaches the adipocytes in the hypodermis. Biodegradable caffeine‐loaded microspheres were evaluated for the transport of caffeine to its site of action for 24 h and upto 72 h. The mean diameter of the microspheres was 2.8 μm and their caffeine loading was 2.3 mg g‐1 of particles. The permeation of caffeine from microspheres applied in aqueous suspension or from solution was evaluated through in vitro diffusion measurements with static Franz cells (n = 6) over 24 h or 72 h. The first experiments carried out on full‐thickness skin without hypodermis showed that after 24 h the total amount of caffeine was twice as high from microspheres as from aqueous solution (22.6% vs. 9.99%). The results suggested that microspheres could easily penetrate through the skin and accumulate in the receptor compartment, ensuring continuous caffeine release. When the hypodermis was retained, microsphere penetration was only slightly decreased. After 72 hours of exposure the receptor fluid contained 15.3% free caffeine and 27.8% encapsulated fraction. The hypodermis hindered solution permeation, and therefore the free caffeine content was lower. Permeation of microspheres was not stopped by the presence of hypodermis.
Evaluation of an assertive outreach intervention for problem families: intervention methods and early outcomes
Authors: Rots‐de Vries Carin , van de Goor Ien , Stronks Karien , Garretsen Henk 
Published: July 2010

Scand J Caring Sci; 2011; 25; 211–219

Evaluation of an assertive outreach intervention for problem families: intervention methods and early outcomes Families who experience a chronic complex of socio‐economic and psycho‐social problems are hard to reach with mainstream care. Evidence exists that the core of this problem lies in a problematic interaction between this type of family and current systems of care. The adults and children involved have needs in multiple domains, while the care system is fragmented and highlights well‐defined requests for help. To improve access to this target group, an assertive outreach intervention was implemented into the preventive child healthcare system in the Netherlands. Evaluation research was carried out to get a detailed insight into the content of this intervention. Also, early outcomes were examined. Information was gathered by interviews, attending meetings on method development, analysing registration forms and a survey on client satisfaction. Five intervention stages were identified: case finding, making contact, sustaining contact, developing a family plan and linking (arranging for services to be delivered). Practical support was used to build rapport and clear the way to the uptake of follow‐up help. The professionals delivering the intervention need a broad range of competencies to establish a working relation with the families and to link them to care and services. A good care network across professionals from various organisations must exist to provide a variety of linking options. Early outcomes indicate that professionals were able to get in touch with the families within a mean of 13.2 days. Goals of the intervention were mainly practical support (73%), starting new assistance for a child (63%) and starting new assistance for a parent (43%). Linking to care and services was attained in the majority of the cases and parents expressed satisfaction. The findings indicate that the studied intervention is a promising one. Some potent components can be indicated: the outreach approach, practical support, maximising participation of the family and building bridges between the family and (in)formal support and assistance.
Using an integrated automated system to optimize retention and increase frequency of blood donations
Authors: Whitney J. Garrett , Hall Robert F. 
Published: July 2010

BACKGROUND: This study examines the impact of an integrated, automated phone system to reinforce retention and increase frequency of donations among blood donors.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Cultivated by incorporating data results over the past 7 years, the system uses computerized phone messaging to contact blood donors with individualized, multilevel notifications. Donors are contacted at planned intervals to acknowledge and recognize their donations, informed where their blood was sent, asked to participate in a survey, and reminded when they are eligible to donate again.RESULTS: The report statistically evaluates the impact of the various components of the system on donor retention and blood donations and quantifies the fiscal advantages to blood centers.CONCLUSIONS: By using information and support systems provided by the automated services and then incorporating the phlebotomists and recruiters to reinforce donor retention, both retention and donations will increase.
Community structure of insect herbivores on introduced and native Solidago plants in Japan
Authors: Ando Yoshino , Utsumi Shunsuke , Ohgushi Takayuki 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe compared community composition, density, and species richness of herbivorous insects on the introduced plant Solidago altissima L. (Asteraceae) and the related native species Solidago virgaurea L. in Japan. We found large differences in community composition on the two Solidago species. Five hemipteran sap feeders were found only on S. altissima. Two of them, the aphid Uroleucon nigrotuberculatum Olive (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and the scale insect Parasaissetia nigra Nietner (Hemiptera: Coccidae), were exotic species, accounting for 62% of the total individuals on S. altissima. These exotic sap feeders mostly determined the difference of community composition on the two plant species. In contrast, the herbivore community on S. virgaurea consisted predominately of five native insects: two lepidopteran leaf chewers and three dipteran leaf miners. Overall species richness did not differ between the plants because the increased species richness of sap feeders was offset by the decreased richness of leaf chewers and leaf miners on S. altissima. The overall density of herbivorous insects was higher on S. altissima than on S. virgaurea, because of the high density of the two exotic sap feeding species on S. altissima. We discuss the importance of analyzing community composition in terms of feeding guilds of insect herbivores for understanding how communities of insect herbivores are organized on introduced plants in novel habitats.
Slow versus rapid enteral feeding advancement in preterm newborn infants 1000–1499 g: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Krishnamurthy Sriram , Gupta Piyush , Debnath Sanjib , Gomber Sunil 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAim:  To evaluate whether preterm neonates weighing 1000–1499 g at birth receiving rapid enteral feeding advancement at 30 mL/kg/day attain full feedings (180 mL/kg/day) earlier than those receiving slow enteral feeding advancement at 20 mL/kg/day without increase in the incidence of feeding intolerance or necrotizing enterocolitis.Methods:  A total of 100 stable intramural neonates weighing between 1000 and 1499 g and gestational age less than 34 weeks were randomly allocated to enteral feeding (expressed human milk or formula) advancement of 20 mL/kg/day (n = 50) or 30 mL/kg/day (n = 50).Results:  Neonates in the rapid feeding advancement group achieved full volume feedings before the slow advancement group (median 7 days vs. 9 days) (p < 0.001), had significantly fewer days of intravenous fluids (median 2 days vs. 3.4 days) (p < 0.001), shorter length of stay in hospital (median 9.5 days vs. 11 days) (p = 0.003) and regained birth weight earlier (median 16 days vs. 22 days) (p < 0.001). There were no statistical differences in the proportion of infants with apnea, feed interruption or feed intolerance.Conclusion:  Rapid enteral feeding advancements of 30 mL/kg/day are well tolerated by stable preterm neonates weighing 1000–1499 g.
Continuing Medical Education: Vulvodynia (CME)
Authors: Goldstein Andrew T. , Burrows Lara 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Vulvodynia is increasingly recognized as a cause of sexual pain.

Aim
The goal of this Continuing Medical Education article was to provide a comprehensive review of vulvodynia including terminology, possible etiologies, and offer treatment options.

Methods
A Medline search was conducted using several terms related to and including the terms vulvodynia, vulvar vestibulitis, vestibulodynia, and pudendal neuralgia.

Results
A thorough review of vulvodynia.

Conclusion
Vulvodynia most likely represents several disorders without an identifiable cause in many cases. The management of these patients requires a sensitive provider who can coordinate a multidisciplinary approach to their care. Despite the lack of large-scale, placebo-controlled trials, several new treatment options exist.
Identification of a novel HLA‐DQB1 allele, DQB1*0326, in a College of American Pathologists 2009 survey specimen
Authors: Chen M. J. , Chu C. C. , Shyr M. H. , Lin C. L. , Lin P. Y. , Yang K. L. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryWe identified a novel DQB1*0326 allele from a proficiency test sample provided by the College of American Pathologists (CAP) medical society. This novel DQB1 allele was unexpectedly discovered by sequence‐based typing method in an attempt to resolve a discrepant typing result between the CAP survey report and our laboratory report. This novel DQB1 allele is most similar to DQB1*030302 and DQB1*0311. DQB1*0326 has a nucleotide substitution resulting an amino acid change when compared with DQB1*030302 (M to L) and it differs from DQB1*0311 by one nucleotide variation causing an amino acid replacement (A to D).
Where are all the victims?
Authors: Farrell Amy , McDevitt Jack , Fahy Stephanie 
Published: July 2010

Research Summary The passage of new laws that criminalize the trafficking of persons for labor and sexual services has raised public awareness about the problem of human trafficking. In response, police must understand the problem, identify human trafficking victims, and make arrests. The numbers of victims identified to date, however, has paled in comparison with official estimates, which leads some to question the existence of a human trafficking problem. Missing from this debate is information about how frequently police encounter human trafficking and how well prepared officers are to handle these cases. Analyzing survey responses from a national sample of police agencies in the United States, we found that less than 10% of police agencies identified human trafficking cases from 2000 to 2006. Larger agencies were more likely to identify cases of human trafficking but the agency leader perception about the problem in their local communities as well as taking steps to prepare officers to identify and respond were the most important factors to increasing human trafficking identification by police. Policy Implications This study provides much needed information about why U.S. officials have identified so few human trafficking victims. By understanding how often and under what conditions police find, investigate, and prosecute cases of human trafficking we will be in a better position to identify and overcome barriers to police responses to trafficking and understand the limitations of official statistics about human trafficking. Data from a national survey also provide a baseline measure of police identification of human trafficking against which we can gauge the progress of future anti‐trafficking efforts.