bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
All’s well that ends well: short story of Ukraine’s road towards European Union membership
Authors: Petrov Roman 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The state of the EU–Ukraine relations cannot be comprehended without a profound understanding of its historical, legal, and political evolution. In fact, the EU–Ukraine relations have always mirrored the entire complexity of the EU’s external policies, ambitions, and difficulties of the EU enlargement and today’s search for EU strategic autonomy.
The objective of this article is to fill in the gap and to offer a three-dimensional analysis of the EU–Ukraine relations. The first dimension is the study of the historical evolution of the EU–Ukraine relations from the time of Ukraine’s independence in 1991 till Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. Therein the EU–Ukraine relations are looked through the prism of geopolitical changes within and outside the EU. The full independence of Ukraine in 1991, so- called ‘Orange revolution’ in 2005 and the ‘Revolution of Dignity’ in 2014 have been linked to the evolving EU policies towards Ukraine and the entire post-Soviet area. The second dimension is a legal scrutiny of the main contractual documents between the EU and Ukraine since 1991. This article offers an in-depth study of bilateral EU–Ukraine agreements (Partnership and Cooperation Agreement of 1998 and Association Agreement of 2014). The third dimension is an attempt to comprehend how Ukraine’s bid for full EU membership in 2022 could help to stop the blatant military and humanitarian aggression by Russia and to contribute to a fair peace deal.
The purpose of this article is to set out the framework of the study of EU relations with third countries in context of historical evolution of such country, geopolitical challenges around it, and legal nature of bilateral contractual tools and policies that, eventually, may lead either to a gradual integration with the EU or to the full EU membership.
Presence of Microscopic Hematuria Does Not Predict Clinically Important Intra-Abdominal Injury in Children
Authors: Papillon Stephanie C. , Pennell Christopher P. , Bauer Shannara E. , DiBello Aubrey , Master Sahal A. , Prasad Rajeev , Arthur L. Grier , Grewal Harsh 
Published: June 2024

Objective
Screening for blunt intra-abdominal injury in children often includes directed laboratory evaluation that guides need for computed tomography. We sought to evaluate the use of urinalysis in identifying patients with clinically important intraabdominal injury (ci-IAI).

Methods
A retrospective chart review was performed for all patients less than 18 years who presented with blunt mechanisms at a level I trauma center between 2016 and 2019. Exclusion criteria included transfer from an outside facility, physical abuse, and death within thirty minutes of arrival. Demographics, physical exam findings, serum chemistries, urinalysis, and imaging were reviewed. Clinically important intraabdominal injury was defined as injury requiring ≥2 nights admission, blood transfusion, angiography with embolization, or therapeutic surgery.

Results
Two hundred forty patients were identified. One hundred sixty-five had a completed urinalysis. For all patients an abnormal chemistry panel and abnormal physical exam had a sensitivity of 88.9% and a negative predictive value of 99.3%. Nine patients had a ci-IAI. Patients with a ci-IAI were more likely to have abdominal pain, tenderness on exam, and elevated hepatic enzymes. When patients were stratified by the presence of an abnormal chemistry or physical exam with or without microscopic hematuria, urinalysis did not improve the ability to identify patients with a ci-IAI. In fact, presence of microscopic hematuria increased the rate of false positives by 12%.

Conclusions
Microscopic hematuria was not a useful marker for ci-IAI and may lead to falsely assuming a more serious injury.
Triage Discordance in an Academic Pediatric Emergency Department and Disparities by Race, Ethnicity, and Language for Care
Authors: Jafari Kaileen , Burns Brian , Barry Dwight , Koid Cassandra , Tan Tina , Hartford Emily 
Published: June 2024

Background
Minoritized patients are disproportionately represented in low-acuity emergency department (ED) visits in the United States in part caused by lack of timely access to primary and urgent care. However, there is also the possibility that implicit bias during triage could contribute to disproportionate representation of minority groups in low-acuity ED visits. Triage discordance, defined as when ED resources used are different from initial triage score predictions, can be used as a proxy for triage accuracy. Recent data suggest that discordant triage may be common, although little is known about the interaction with race, ethnicity, and language for care.

Objectives
This study aims to determine the prevalence of discordant triage among moderate- and low-acuity pediatric ED encounters and the interaction with patient race, ethnicity, and language for care.

Methods
We performed a retrospective analysis of pediatric ED encounters from 2019 with Emergency Severity Index (ESI) scores of 3, 4, or 5 at an academic referral hospital. The primary outcome was triage discordance, encompassing overtriage (ESI 3 and 4) and undertriage (ESI 4 and 5). Logistic and multinomial regressions were used to assess discordant triage by race, ethnicity, and language group.

Results
Triage discordance occurred in 47% (n = 18,040) of encounters. Black and Hispanic patients had higher likelihood of undertriage for ESI 5 (adjusted odds ratio 1.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–1.46 and 1.27, 95% CI 1.07–1.52, respectively), and Black patients were more likely to be overtriaged in ESI 3 (1.18, 95% CI 1.09–1.27). Those with a language other than English for care had higher proportions of overtriage for ESI 3 (1.08, 95% CI 1.04–1.12) and undertriage for ESI 5 (1.23, 95% CI 1.11–1.37).

Conclusions
We found high rates of triage discordance in our pediatric ED, with significant associations with race, ethnicity, and language for care. Future research should evaluate the source of triage discordance and develop quality improvement efforts to improve equitable care.
PAM: Predictive attention mechanism for neural decoding of visual perception
Authors: Dado Thirza , Le Lynn , van Gerven Marcel , Güçlütürk Yağmur , Güçlü Umut 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn neural decoding, reconstruction seeks to create a literal image from information in brain activity, typically achieved by mapping neural responses to a latent representation of a generative model. A key challenge in this process is understanding how information is processed across visual areas to effectively integrate their neural signals. This requires an attention mechanism that selectively focuses on neural inputs based on their relevance to the task of reconstruction — something conventional attention models, which capture only input-input relationships, cannot achieve. To address this, we introduce predictive attention mechanisms (PAMs), a novel approach that learns task-driven “output queries” during training to focus on the neural responses most relevant for predicting the latents underlying perceived images, effectively allocating attention across brain areas. We validate PAM with two datasets: (i) B2G, which contains GAN-synthesized images, their original latents and multiunit activity data; (ii) Shen-19, which includes real photographs, their inverted latents and functional magnetic resonance imaging data. Beyond achieving state-of-theart reconstructions, PAM offers a key interpretative advantage through the availability of (i) attention weights, revealing how the model’s focus was distributed across visual areas for the task of latent prediction, and (ii) values, capturing the stimulus information decoded from each area.
Insula uses overlapping codes for emotion in self and others
Authors: Xiao Jiayang , Adkinson Joshua A. , Allawala Anusha B. , Banks Garrett , Bartoli Eleonora , Fan Xiaoxu , Mocchi Madaline , Pascuzzi Bailey , Pulapaka Suhruthaa , Franch Melissa C. , Mathew Sanjay J. , Mathura Raissa K. , Myers John , Pirtle Victoria , Provenza Nicole R , Shofty Ben , Watrous Andrew J. , Pitkow Xaq , Goodman Wayne K. , Pouratian Nader , Sheth Sameer , Bijanki Kelly R. , Hayden Benjamin Y. 
Published: June 2024

SUMMARYIn daily life, we must recognize others’ emotions so we can respond appropriately. This ability may rely, at least in part, on neural responses similar to those associated with our own emotions. We hypothesized that the insula, a cortical region near the junction of the temporal, parietal, and frontal lobes, may play a key role in this process. We recorded local field potential (LFP) activity in human neurosurgical patients performing two tasks, one focused on identifying their own emotional response and one on identifying facial emotional responses in others. We found matching patterns of gamma- and high-gamma band activity for the two tasks in the insula. Three other regions (MTL, ACC, and OFC) clearly encoded both self- and other-emotions, but used orthogonal activity patterns to do so. These results support the hypothesis that the insula plays a particularly important role in mediating between experienced vs. observed emotions.
High-bandwidth, low-profile, long-term wireless EEG telemetry allows for optogenetic entrainment of natural cortical oscillations in freely-moving rats
Authors: Rees Beth , Griffiths Phillip R. , Woodhall Gavin , Greenhill Stuart D. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRecording of whole-brain or multi-unit neuronal activity in the rodent brain is a powerful and widely used technique in neuroscience research. However, the acquisition of data from freely-moving animals is subject to a range of compromises. If a high bandwidth of data digitisation is needed, animals will either need to be tethered to the acquisition system or any telemetry used will have a short working battery life. For freely-moving experiments, especially those requiring careful behavioural measurements, such tethers and/or headstages incorporating e.g. optogenetic stimulation systems may prove to be confounding or limiting in the experiments which may be performed. Here we present the reﬁnement and deployment of a wirelessly-charged, self-contained EEG telemeter at high data bandwidths (2kHz) with integrated optogenetic stimulator (473nm) and fully subcutaneous ﬁbre routing and implantation. This approach has allowed for rats to be recorded long-term (6 months) without requiring device explants, charging or maintenance, with an outward appearance identical to an unimplanted rodent. We have demonstrated the use of this system to stimulate cortical networks at a range of frequencies in freely-moving and acutely-anaesthetised rats allowing for the boosting or entrainment of physiological oscillations at will.
Spike Reliability is Cell-Type Specific and Shapes Excitation and Inhibition in the Cortex
Authors: Russo S. , Stanley G. B. , Najafi F. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNeurons encode information in the highly variable spiking activity of neuronal populations, so that different repetitions of the same stimulus can generate action potentials that vary significantly in terms of the count and timing. How does spiking variability originate, and does it have a functional purpose? Leveraging the Allen Institute cell types dataset, we relate the spiking reliability of cortical neuronsin-vitroduring the intracellular injection of current resembling synaptic inputs to their morphologic, electrophysiologic, and transcriptomic classes. Our findings demonstrate that parvalbumin+ (PV) interneurons, a subclass of inhibitory neurons, show high reliability compared to other neuronal subclasses, particularly excitatory neurons. Through computational modeling, we predict that the high reliability of PV interneurons allows for strong and precise inhibition in downstream neurons, while the lower reliability of excitatory neurons allows for integrating multiple synaptic inputs leading to a spiking rate code. These findings illuminate how spiking variability in different neuronal classes affect information propagation in the brain, leading to precise inhibition and spiking rate codes.
Characterization of Bilateral Reaching Development Using Augmented Reality Games
Authors: Ziccardi Shelby , Timanus Samantha , Ashrafzadehkian Ghazaleh , Guy Stephen J. , Hawe Rachel L. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHighlightsWe developed augmented reality games to examine bilateral reaching in 133 childrenSymmetric and asymmetric reaching developed in parallelSynchrony in hands reaching targets improved with ageChildren continued to improve through age 17, though slower rate after 12 yearsFemales demonstrated better reaching performance than malesBilateral coordination is commonly impaired in neurodevelopmental conditions including cerebral palsy, developmental coordination disorder, and autism spectrum disorder. However, we lack objective clinical assessments that can quantify bilateral coordination in a clinically feasible manner and determine age-based norms to identify impairments. The objective of this study was to use augmented reality and computer vision to characterize bilateral reaching abilities in typically developing children. Typically developing children (n=133) ages 6-17 years completed symmetric and asymmetric bilateral reaching tasks in an augmented reality game environment. We analyzed the number of target pairs they could reach in 50 seconds as well as the time lag between their hands reaching the targets. We found that performance on both tasks developed in parallel, with development slowing but not plateauing after age 12. Children performed better on the symmetric task than asymmetric, both in targets reached and with shorter hand lags. Variability between children in hand lag decreased with age. We also found gender differences with females outperforming males, which were most pronounced in the 10-11 year olds. Overall, this study demonstrates parallel development through childhood and adolescence of symmetric and asymmetric reaching abilities. Furthermore, it demonstrates the ability to quantify bilateral coordination using computer vision and augmented reality, which can be applied to assess clinical populations.
Object-translocation induces event coding in the hippocampus
Authors: Duan Ya-Li , Hu Shu-Yi , Ge Xiao-Fan , Long Jia-Li , Deng Chu , Sun Yu-Ming , Li Cheng-Ji , Zhang Rong , Cai Xing , Lu Li 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEpisodic memory refers to the recollection of personally experienced events anchored in spatial contexts. Salient objects within a navigation environment serve as both landmarks and event cues; however, the nuanced integration of these elements during episodic memory formation is not well understood. The mnemonic functions of the hippocampal CA1 region are partially organized along its transverse axis, with proximal and distal subregions preferentially processing spatial and non-spatial information, respectively. Based on comprehensive analysis of neuronal responses along the CA1 proximodistal axis to manipulations of environmental cues and object features, we identified an event-like population coding within CA1 following object displacement. In addition, the neuronal responses at both initial and relocated object locations were shaped by distinct convergent inputs. These findings highlight the specific roles that objects may play in spatial navigation and memory encoding, providing novel insights into the selective processing of object-related information within the entorhinal-hippocampal network.Significance StatementSalient objects within a navigation environment serve as both landmarks and event cues critical for episodic memory. However, the enigmatic contribution of objects to the “where” and “what” components of episodic memory remains poorly understood. Here we comprehensively analyzed the neuronal responses in the hippocampal CA1 region along its transverse axis, to manipulations of environmental cues and object features. Our results revealed an event-like population coding within CA1 following object displacement, suggesting a minimal landmark role these objects play during memory formation. This study provides novel insights into the selective and flexible processing of object-related information within the entorhinal-hippocampal network.
Potent and broadly neutralizing antibodies against sarbecoviruses elicited by single ancestral SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Yu Lei , Wang Yajie , Liu Yuanchen , Xing Xiaomin , Li Chen , Wang Xun , Shi Jialu , Ma Wentai , Li Jiayan , Chen Yanjia , Qiao Rui , Zhao Xiaoyu , Gao Ming , Wen Shuhua , Xue Yingxue , Guan Yongjun , Chu Hin , Sun Lei , Wang Pengfei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMonoclonal antibody (mAb) therapeutics hold promise for both preventing and treating infectious diseases, especially among vulnerable populations. However, the emergence of various variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) presents challenges for current mAb treatments, emphasizing the need for more potent and broadly neutralizing antibodies. In this study, we employed an unbiased screening approach to discover broadly neutralizing antibodies and successfully isolated two mAbs from individuals with only exposure to ancestral SARS-CoV-2. One of these antibodies, CYFN1006-1, exhibited robust cross-neutralization against a spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 variants, including the latest JN.1 and KP.2 variants, with consistent IC50values ranging from ∼1 to 5 ng/mL. Notably, it also displayed broad neutralization activity against SARS-CoV and related sarbecoviruses, such as WIV1, SHC014, RaTG13, and GD-Pangolin. Structural analysis revealed that these mAbs target shared hotspot but mutation-resistant epitopes, with their Fabs locking the RBD in the “down” conformation through interactions with adjacent Fabs and RBDs, and cross-linking Spike trimers into di-trimers to block viral infection. In vivo studies conducted in a JN.1-infected hamster model validated the protective efficacy of CYFN1006-1, emphasizing its therapeutic potential. These findings suggest that, through meticulous approaches, rare antibodies with cross-neutralization activities against SARS-CoV-2 and related sarbecoviruses can be identified from individuals with exclusively ancestral virus exposure.
A spontaneous mutation in ADIPOR1 causes retinal degeneration in mice
Authors: Yang Junzheng , Buchanan Natasha M. , Lima Erika , Banks Angela , Sluch Valentin M. , Fan Lin , Leehy Barrett , Arellano Ivana , Qiu Yubin , Klokman Garrett , Hanks Shawn , Vrouvlianis Joanna , Davis Vanessa , Wu Chung-Yeh , Danilack Aaron , Rice Dennis S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAdiponectin receptor 1 (ADIPOR1) is a transmembrane protein necessary for normal anatomy and physiology in the retina. In a recent study of complement factor H knockout mice (Cfh−/−), our lab discovered a flecked retina phenotype and retinal thinning by fundus imaging and optical coherence tomography (OCT), respectively. The phenotype was observed in a subset (50%) ofCfh−/−mice. The thinning observedin vivois due to an early degeneration of rod photoreceptors. This phenotype has not been reported in published studies ofCfh−/−mice. AdipoR1 knockout mice (AdipoR1−/−) and mice deficient in Membrane Frizzled Related Protein (MFRP) exhibit this phenotype, suggesting an involvement in the emergence of the retinal degeneration observed in a subset ofCfh−/−mice.CfhandAdipoR1are located in close proximity on mouse Chromosome 1 (Chr1) and a complementation cross betweenCfhandAdipoR1mice with retinal degeneration produced 100% progeny with retinal degeneration. Sequencing of theCfh−/− mice revealed a c.841 C > T mutation inAdipoR1. Furthermore, oneCfhwildtype (of Cfh+/+) and 2 heterozygous (ofCfh+/−) mice exhibited retinal degeneration and were homozygous for the point mutation. The c.841 C > T mutation results in a proline to serine conversion at position 281 (P281S) in ADIPOR1. This residue is critical for ADIPOR1 open and closed conformations in the membrane.In silicomodeling of candidate ADIPOR1 ligands, 11-cis-retinaldehyde and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), that are deficient in AdipoR1−/−, suggests that ADIPOR1 is involved in trafficking retinoids and fatty acids and their combined deficiency in the ADIPOR1 mutant retinas might explain the retinal degeneration phenotype.
Geothermal ecosystems on Mt. Erebus, Antarctica, support diverse and taxonomically novel biota
Authors: Rasmussen Trine Bertram , Noell Stephen E. , Herbold Craig W. , Dickie Ian A. , Richards-Babbage Roanna , Stott Matthew B. , Cary S. Craig , McDonald Ian R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMt. Erebus, Antarctica, is the southernmost active volcano in the world and harbors a diverse and geochemically unique array of geothermal ecosystems including ‘Subglacial’ and ‘Exposed’ features, surrounded by a vast desert of ice and snow. Previous studies, although limited in scope, have highlighted the unique and potentially endemic biota present on Mt. Erebus. In this study, we provide a systematic biodiversity study across all domains of life and all types of geothermal features present on Mt. Erebus. We present physicochemical and biological data from 39 Exposed samples and 9 Subglacial samples from Mt. Erebus. The taxonomic novelty of prokaryotes and fungi found supports past hypotheses of high endemism among the biota of Mt. Erebus; in particular, the large number of taxonomically divergent fungal sequences was surprising. We found that different site types had unique physicochemistry and biota; in particular, Exposed sites were significantly warmer than Subglacial sites (median: 40 vs 10℃ for Exposed and Subglacial, respectively) and tended to have greater abundances of photosynthetic organisms (CyanobacteriaandChlorophyta). Subglacial sites were characterized by a greater abundance of prokaryotes from the phylumActinobacteriota, correlated with the greater concentrations of Ca, Mg, and Sr present. Additionally, we found that Tramway Ridge differed from other Exposed sites as well as all Subglacial sites in physicochemistry (significantly greater conductivity, water content, total carbon, and total nitrogen levels) and biota (greater relative abundances of orderNitrososphaeriaand phylumBacteroidota). In this study, we provide a blueprint for future work aimed at better understanding the novel biota of Mt. Erebus.