bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gendered patterns of intergenerational contact in Korea: Transitions from young‐old to middle‐old
Authors: Lim‐Soh Jeremy , Kim Dahye , Kim Kyungmin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo identify changes over time in gendered patterns of intergenerational contact between older adults and their adult children in an Asian context.BackgroundPatterns of contact between older adults and their adult children have strong implications for older adults' health in societies with strong family values and gendered expectations for old age care.MethodsThe authors utilized data from two waves of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (2006 and 2016); 1,311 Korean older adults reported their frequency of contact (in‐person contact and mediated communication) with their 5,663 mixed‐gender adult children when they were aged 65–74 years and when they were aged 75–84 years, respectively. Latent transition analysis was applied to identify gendered patterns of contact among multiple children and examine transitions between waves.ResultsMore frequent contact with sons was twice as common as more frequent contact with daughters in 2006. However, these gender‐unequal patterns of contact were likely to transition to gender‐equal patterns in 2016. The onset of functional limitations was associated with transitions into equally frequent in‐person contact with sons and daughters, whereas the onset of clinically significant depressive symptoms was associated with transitions into more frequent mediated communication with daughters.ConclusionThe findings show a decline in traditional son‐preferential patterns of contact, in favor of gender‐equal contact among Korean older adults. Furthermore, mental health issues emerging in the transition from young‐old to middle‐old emphasize the role of daughters as kin‐keepers who support their parents emotionally.
Signal to noise ratio of masticatory muscle activity of functional and non‐functional oral tasks
Authors: Kothari Simple Futarmal , Devendran Anupriyadarshini , Kumar Abhishek , de Caxias Fernanda P. , Svensson Peter 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundElectromyographic activity (EMG) of masticatory muscles during wakefulness is understudied. It is unclear if single channel ambulatory EMG devices are sensitive enough to detect masticatory muscle activity (MMA) during wakefulness.ObjectivesTo compare the MMA of various oral tasks recorded with a single channel EMG device ((Grindcare4‐datalogger Prototype device) (GC4‐β)) and a conventional EMG (cEMG) device.MethodsEMG activity of 30 standardised oral tasks was recorded unilaterally from the masseter and anterior temporalis muscle in 24 healthy volunteers using GC4‐β and a cEMG device. To compare the EMG data, signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNR) were calculated as a way to normalise EMG activity across tasks. Analysis of variance was used to compare the SNR between the devices, muscles and oral tasks.ResultsSNR measured from GC4‐β was overall significantly higher than the cEMG device (p =.001). The SNR for maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) was significantly higher than all other tasks (p <.001). SNR for temporalis with GC4‐β was significantly higher for MVC, hard food, soft food, gum chewing (dominant side), rhythmic clenching and upper lip biting compared to the cEMG device (p <.021). The SNR for masseter with GC4‐β was significantly higher for hard food and gum chewing (dominant side), rhythmic clenching, rhythmic biting of an object and yawning compared to the cEMG device (p <.022).ConclusionsThis study provides novel insight into the EMG patterns of numerous oral tasks enhancing knowledge of physiological differences between the masticatory muscles. Further, single channel EMG devices can effectively measure the EMG activity of various oral tasks during wakefulness.
METTL3 promotes the osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells by increasing YAP activity via IGF2BP1 and YTHDF1‐mediated m6A modification
Authors: Sun Xuefei , Meng Xiujiao , Piao Yu , Dong Shaojie , Dong Qianqian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimsN6‐Methyladenosine (m6A) has been confirmed to play a dynamic role in osteoporosis and bone metabolism. However, whether m6A is involved in the osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) remains unclear. The present study aimed to verify the role of methyltransferase‐like 3 (METTL3)‐mediated m6A modification in the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs.MethodsThe METTL3, Runx2, Osx, and YAP mRNA expression was determined by qPCR. METTL3, RUNX2, OSX, YTHDF1, YAP, IGF2BP1, and eIF3a protein expression was measured by Western blotting and immunofluorescence assays. The levels of m6A modification were evaluated by methylated RNA immunoprecipitation (MeRIP) and dot blot analyses. MeRIP‐seq and RNA‐seq were used to screen potential candidate genes. Nucleic acid and protein interactions were detected by immunoprecipitation. Alizarin red staining was used to evaluate the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs. Gene transcription and promoter activities were assessed by luciferase reporter assays (n ≥ 3).ResultsThe expression of METTL3 and m6A modifications increased synchronously with the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs (p = .0016). YAP was a candidate gene identified by MeRIP‐seq and RNA‐seq, and its mRNA and protein expression levels were simultaneously increased. METTL3 increased the m6A methylated IGF2BP1‐mediated stability of YAP mRNA (p = .0037), which in turn promoted osteogenic differentiation (p = .0147). Furthermore, METTL3 increased the translation efficiency of YAP by recruiting YTHDF1 and eIF3a to the translation initiation complex (p = .0154), thereby promoting the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs (p = .0012).ConclusionOur study revealed that METTL3‐initiated m6A mRNA methylation promotes osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs by increasing IGF2BP1‐mediated YAP mRNA stability and recruiting YTHDF1 and eIF3a to the translation initiation complex to increase YAP mRNA translation. Our findings reveal the mechanism of METTL3‐mediated m6A modification during hPDLC osteogenesis, providing a potential therapeutic target for periodontitis and alveolar bone defects.
Role of Phenylethanolamine‐N‐methyltransferase on Nicotine‐Induced Vasodilation in Rat Cerebral Arteries
Authors: Li Ming‐Wei , Chang Shang‐Jen , Chang Hsi‐Hsien , Yang Stephen Shei‐Dei 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe sympathetic–parasympathetic (or axo–axonal) interaction mechanism mediated that neurogenic relaxation, which was dependent on norepinephrine (NE) releases from sympathetic nerve terminal and acts on β2‐adrenoceptor of parasympathetic nerve terminal, has been reported. As NE is a weak β2‐adrenoceptor agonist, there is a possibility that synaptic NE is converted to epinephrine by phenylethanolamine‐N‐methyltransferase (PNMT) and then acts on the β2‐adrenoceptors to induce neurogenic vasodilation.MethodsBlood vessel myography technique was used to measure relaxation and contraction responses of isolated basilar arterial rings of rats.ResultsNicotine‐induced relaxation was sensitive to propranolol, guanethidine (an adrenergic neuronal blocker), and Nω‐nitro‐l‐arginine. Nicotine‐ and exogenous NE‐induced vasorelaxation was partially inhibited by LY‐78335 (a PNMT inhibitor), and transmural nerve stimulation depolarized the nitrergic nerve terminal directly and was not inhibited by LY‐78335; it then induced the release of nitric oxide (NO). Epinephrine‐induced vasorelaxation was not affected by LY‐78335. However, these vasorelaxations were completely inhibited by atenolol (a β1‐adrenoceptor antagonist) combined with ICI‐118,551 (a β2‐adrenoceptor antagonist).ConclusionsThese results suggest that NE may be methylated by PNMT to form epinephrine and cause the release of NO and vasodilation. These results provide further evidence supporting the physiological significance of the axo–axonal interaction mechanism in regulating brainstem vascular tone.
Pinnipeds with proportionally wider aortic bulbs make longer dives
Authors: Storlund Rhea L. , Rosen David A. S. , Trites Andrew W. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe enlarged size of the aortic bulb is thought to enhance the ability of marine mammals to remain underwater for extended periods. However, a convincing link between aortic bulb size and diving capacity has not been established. Using new and existing data, we examined the relationships between body size, maximum and routine dive duration, and aortic bulb size of pinnipeds. Comparisons among seven species of pinnipeds showed that the diameter of the aortic bulb increases allometrically with body mass (aortic bulb diameter = 0.58 × body mass0.41). We also found a linear relationship between routine dive duration and relative aortic bulb diameter (routine dive duration = 0.20 × relative aortic bulb diameter − 3.30), but no apparent relationship with maximum dive duration. Our results indicate that relative aortic bulb diameter influences diving capacity, providing further evidence that the aortic bulb is an adaptation to diving. Specifically, the relative diameter of the aortic bulb partially determines how long pinnipeds can routinely remain underwater. This has implications for the ability of different species of marine mammals to adapt to projected environmental changes and effectively forage or evade threats in altered habitats.
Trajectories of biomedical research leading to Nobel Prize–winning discoveries
Authors: Burnett Wendy J. , Balas E. Andrew , Heboyan Vahe , Matthews Kirstin R. W. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSignificant advancements in public health come from scientific discoveries, but more are needed to meet the ever‐growing societal needs. Examining the best practices of outstanding scientists may help develop future researchers and lead to more discoveries. This study compared the comprehensive work of 49 Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine from 2000 to 2019 to a matched control of National Institutes of Health (NIH)‐funded biomedical investigators. Our unique data set, comprising 11,737 publications, 571 US patents, and 1693 NIH research awards produced by pre‐Nobel laureates, was compared to a similar data set of control researchers. Compared to control researchers, pre‐Nobel laureates produce significantly more publications annually (median = 5.66; interquartile range [IQR] = 5.16); significantly fewer coauthors per publication (median = 3.32; IQR = 1.95); consistently higher Journal Impact Factor publications (median = 12.04; IQR = 6.83); and substantially more patents per researcher (median = 5; IQR = 14). Such differences arose from nearly identical cumulative NIH award budgets of pre‐Nobel laureates (median $25.3 M) and control researchers. Nobel laureates are neither hyper‐prolific (>72 papers per year) nor hyper‐funded (>$100 M cumulative). An academic age–specific trajectory graph allows aspiring researchers to compare their productivity and collaboration patterns to those of pre‐Nobel laureates.
Complete mitochondrial genomes of edible mushrooms: features, evolution, and phylogeny
Authors: Zeb Umar , Aziz Tariq , Azizullah Azizullah , Zan Xin‐Yi , Khan Asif Ali , Bacha Syed Asim Shah , Cui Feng‐Jie 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEdible mushrooms are an important food source with high nutritional and medicinal value. They are a useful source for studying phylogenetic evolution and species divergence. The exploration of the evolutionary relationships among these species conventionally involves analyzing sequence variations within their complete mitochondrial genomes, which range from 31,854 bp (Cordyceps militaris) to 197,486 bp (Grifolia frondosa). The study of the complete mitochondrial genomes of edible mushrooms has emerged as a critical field of research, providing important insights into fungal genetic makeup, evolution, and phylogenetic relationships. This review explores the mitochondrial genome structures of various edible mushroom species, highlighting their unique features and evolutionary adaptations. By analyzing these genomes, robust phylogenetic frameworks are constructed to elucidate mushrooms lineage relationships. Furthermore, the exploration of different variations of mitochondrial DNA presents novel opportunities for enhancing mushroom cultivation biotechnology and medicinal applications. The mitochondrial genomic features are essential for improving agricultural practices and ensuring food security through improved crop productivity, disease resistance, and nutritional qualities. The current knowledge about the mitochondrial genomes of edible mushrooms is summarized in this review, emphasising their significance in both scientific research and practical applications in bioinformatics and medicine.
The transcription factor WRKY22 modulates ethylene biosynthesis and root development through transactivating the transcription of ACS5 and ACO5 in Arabidopsis
Authors: Wang Zhaoqiang , Wei Xiangyan , Cui Xing , Wang Jing , Wang Yiqiao , Sun Mengting , Zhao Peiyu , Yang Bo , Wang Qiannan , Jiang Yuan‐Qing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe WRKY transcription factor (TF) genes form a large family in higher plants, with 72 members in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The gaseous phytohormone ethylene (ET) regulates multiple physiological processes in plants. It is known that 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid (ACC) synthases (ACSs, EC 4.4.1.14) limit the enzymatic reaction rate of ethylene synthesis. However, whether WRKY TFs regulate the expression of ACSs and/or ACC oxidases (ACOs, EC 1.14.17.4) remains largely elusive. Here, we demonstrated that Arabidopsis WRKY22 positively regulated the expression of a few ACS and ACO genes, thus promoting ethylene production. Inducible overexpression of WRKY22 caused shorter hypocotyls without ACC treatment. A qRT‐PCR screening demonstrated that overexpression of WRKY22 activates the expression of several ACS and ACO genes. The promoter regions of ACS5, ACS11, and ACO5 were also activated by WRKY22, which was revealed by a dual luciferase reporter assay. A follow‐up chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with quantitative PCR (ChIP‐qPCR) and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) showed that the promoter regions of ACS5 and ACO5 could be bound by WRKY22 directly. Moreover, wrky22 mutants had longer primary roots and more lateral roots than wild type, while WRKY22‐overexpressing lines showed the opposite phenotype. In conclusion, this study revealed that WRKY22 acts as a novel TF activating, at least, the expression of ACS5 and ACO5 to increase ethylene synthesis and modulate root development.
Usability of the Japanese Late‐Stage Elderly Questionnaire for screening major depression
Authors: Sato So , Sasabuchi Yusuke , Okada Akira , Yasunaga Hideo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundOlder adults with major depression are at risk of frailty and long‐term care needs. Consequently, screening for major depression is imperative to prevent such risks. In Japan, the Late‐Stage Elderly Questionnaire was developed to evaluate older adults' holistic health, including mental well‐being. It comprises one specific question to gauge life satisfaction, but the effectiveness of this question to screen for major depression remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to assess the usability of this question to screen for major depression.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study used a large, commercially available claims database in Japan. Participants were older adults aged ≥75 years who completed the Late‐Stage Elderly Questionnaire and were classified with and without new major depression within 1 year. We evaluated the questionnaire's ability to screen for major depression using C‐statistics, developing three models to assess the cut‐off value based on responses to the life satisfaction question (‘Satisfied’, ‘Somewhat satisfied’, ‘Somewhat unsatisfied’, or ‘Unsatisfied’), estimating the sensitivity and specificity of each model.ResultsAmong 11 117 older adults, 77 newly experienced major depression within 1 year. The C‐statistic for screening major depression was 0.587. The model setting the cut‐off between ‘Somewhat unsatisfied’ and ‘Unsatisfied’ the demonstrated lowest sensitivity and highest specificity, while the model setting the cut‐off between ‘Satisfied’ and ‘Somewhat satisfied’ demonstrated highest sensitivity and lowest specificity.ConclusionsOur results suggest that due to its poor screening ability and high rate of false negatives, the question assessing life satisfaction in the Late‐Stage Elderly Questionnaire may not be useful for screening major depression in older adults and may require modification.
Is it still permissible under EU law to issue new permits for oil and gas extraction?
Authors: Kaupa Clemens 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis article examines whether the discretion of European Union (EU) Member States to approve new oil and gas extraction projects is restricted by EU law. It shows that greenhouse gas emissions from such projects must be considered in environmental impact assessments under the Environmental Impact Assessment and Strategic Environmental Assessment Directives. This includes emissions from the combustion of extracted oil and gas by end users (scope 3 emissions). The article also shows that Member States' discretion to approve new oil and gas extraction projects is significantly limited by their climate‐related obligations under EU law, as well as by the duty of sincere cooperation in the context of the EU's international commitments under the Paris Agreement.
HTile: A high‐performance real‐time raster tile service with data‐fusion and data‐hiding approaches
Authors: Chen Jyun‐Yuan , Kuo Chiao‐Ling 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPublication of raster tile services is a widely adopted method for presenting and sharing geographically referenced data, and enhancing geographic information systems (GIS) by serving as either base layers or featured layers. However, the establishment of raster tile services can still be improved in terms of data fusion efficiency and diversity from various raster and vector sources. In addition, addressing data security concerns while maintaining flexibility to meet the requirements and expectations of clients and publishers is crucial. HTile is proposed as a solution to efficiently publish high‐performance real‐time raster tile services. This solution incorporates an innovative tile generation process that enables customized data fusion and data‐hiding and offers dynamic styling while utilizing minimal storage space, ensuring rapid response time to meet the objectives of satisfactory data protection and visualization. Implementations of HTile leverage commonly used raster and vector data, which demonstrate compelling evidence of data‐fusion and data‐hiding capacities with exceptional performance. This study makes a significant contribution to the innovation strategy in publishing raster tile services, proving a novel approach that holds promising potential for GIS paradigms in data management and sharing flexibility.
A serine carboxypeptidase‐like acyltransferase catalyzes consecutive four‐step reactions of hydrolyzable tannin biosynthesis in Camellia oleifera
Authors: Wang Zhihui , Chen Xiangxiang , Zhao Yue , Jin Didi , Jiang Changjuan , Yao Shengbo , Li Zhu , Jiang Xiaolan , Liu Yajun , Gao Liping , Xia Tao 
Published: June 2024

SUMMARYHydrolyzable tannins (HTs), a class of polyphenolic compounds found in dicotyledonous plants, are widely used in food and pharmaceutical industries because of their beneficial effects on human health. Although the biosynthesis of simple HTs has been verified at the enzymatic level, relevant genes have not yet been identified. Here, based on the parent ion‐fragment ion pairs in the feature fragment data obtained using UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐/MS/MS, galloyl phenolic compounds in the leaves of Camellia sinensis and C. oleifera were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Correlation analysis between the transcript abundance of serine carboxypeptidase‐like acyltransferases (SCPL‐ATs) and the peak area of galloyl products in Camellia species showed that SCPL3 expression was highly correlated with HT biosynthesis. Enzymatic verification of the recombinant protein showed that CoSCPL3 from C. oleifera catalyzed the four consecutive steps involved in the conversion of digalloylglucose to pentagalloylglucose. We also identified the residues affecting the enzymatic activity of CoSCPL3 and determined that SCPL‐AT catalyzes the synthesis of galloyl glycosides. The findings of this study provide a target gene for germplasm innovation of important cash crops that are rich in HTs, such as C. oleifera, strawberry, and walnut.
Film Cooling Performances Under Various Upstream Roughness Conditions: Experimental Investigations and Similarity Hypothesis
Authors: Huang Weichen , Wang Kechen , Zeng Fei , Chen Wenbin , Zhou Wenwu , Wen Xin , Peng Di , Liu Yingzheng 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Roughness caused by deposition, erosion, and additive manufacturing can significantly affect gas turbine efficiency. Previous research has often examined film cooling performance under limited roughness configurations, resulting in inconclusive findings. In this study, film cooling performances under various upstream roughness conditions were investigated to simulate the roughness-affected film cooling performance of the suction side and the endwall. Three roughness heights (k/D = 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4) and shapes (ks/k = 0.17, 0.67, and 1.95) were selected to cover a wide range of surface roughness characteristics. Three blowing ratios were examined (M = 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5). The weakly roughened surfaces (ks /k = 0.17) showed improved cooling effectiveness as k/D increased. Meanwhile, the moderately and severely roughened surfaces (ks /k = 0.67 and 1.95) showed a decrease in cooling effectiveness with increasing k/D at M = 0.5 and 1.0 but an increase at M = 1.5. Cases with shallower and higher roughness elements at M = 1.5 outperformed the smooth plate. Subsequently, a similarity hypothesis for film cooling effectiveness was proposed. At all blowing ratios, the scaled cooling effectiveness profiles converged around the smooth plate results for ks /D &lt; 0.391, encompassing common turbine roughness scales, including irregularly roughened surfaces. Deviations emerged at ks /D = 0.782, and they were correlated with the deteriorated regions observed at various blowing ratios. Ensemble-averaged scaled cooling effectiveness exponentially grew with increasing roughness scale for all blowing ratios, and an empirical expression based on the smooth plate result and roughness scale was proposed (R2 &gt; 0.97). Finally, the experimental results and fitting correlations of cooling effectiveness were compared. The results demonstrated that the proposed similarity hypothesis potentially facilitated the fast prediction of the roughness-affected film cooling performance.