bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial heterogeneity in mortality and its impact on the population dynamics of Eurasian woodcocks
Authors: Péron Guillaume , Ferrand Yves , Choquet Rémi , Pradel Roger , Gossmann François , Bastat Claudine , Guénézan Michel , Bauthian Isabelle , Julliard Romain , Gimenez Olivier 
Published: February 2012

AbstractSpatial heterogeneity, especially in mortality risk, is a major factor shaping population dynamics. Here we study the impacts of spatial heterogeneity in hunting pressure on the demography of Eurasian woodcock Scolopax rusticola, a relatively long‐lived migratory game bird. We develop capture–recapture–recovery models in which both seasonality and spatial variation in hunting pressure are accounted for, and fit them to individual‐based data collected across the French wintering range (>44000 banded individuals) as well as recoveries from spring stopovers and breeding grounds in Europe. Our results quantify spatial variation in survival probability in the wintering areas. They highlight the role of source‐sink dynamics involving juvenile settlement decisions, as well as the importance of mortality outside the winter quarters. We also discuss the impact of spatial heterogeneity for demographic parameter estimation and data collection at the range scale.
MRI of the lung (2/3). Why … when … how?
Authors: Biederer J. , Beer M. , Hirsch W. , Wild J. , Fabel M. , Puderbach M. , Van Beek E. J. R. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Background
Among the modalities for lung imaging, proton magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been the latest to be introduced into clinical practice. Its value to replace X-ray and computed tomography (CT) when radiation exposure or iodinated contrast material is contra-indicated is well acknowledged: i.e. for paediatric patients and pregnant women or for scientific use. One of the reasons why MRI of the lung is still rarely used, except in a few centres, is the lack of consistent protocols customised to clinical needs.

Methods
This article makes non-vendor-specific protocol suggestions for general use with state-of-the-art MRI scanners, based on the available literature and a consensus discussion within a panel of experts experienced in lung MRI.

Results
Various sequences have been successfully tested within scientific or clinical environments. MRI of the lung with appropriate combinations of these sequences comprises morphological and functional imaging aspects in a single examination. It serves in difficult clinical problems encountered in daily routine, such as assessment of the mediastinum and chest wall, and even might challenge molecular imaging techniques in the near future.

Conclusion
This article helps new users to implement appropriate protocols on their own MRI platforms.
Main Messages
• MRI of the lung can be readily performed on state-of-the-art 1.5-T MRI scanners.
• Protocol suggestions based on the available literature facilitate its use for routine
• MRI offers solutions for complicated thoracic masses with atelectasis and chest wall invasion.
• MRI is an option for paediatrics and science when CT is contra-indicated
Refractive outcome of premature infants with or without retinopathy of prematurity at 2 years of age: A prospective controlled cohort study
Authors: Hsieh Ching‐ju , Liu Jai‐wen , Huang Jen‐shang , Lin Keh‐chung 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThis study evaluated the extent to which refractive morbidity is correlated to preterm birth or retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) itself, or both, and examined the risk factors associated with refractive errors in a cohort of preterm infants with and without ROP compared with full‐term infants. This longitudinal, prospective, controlled cohort study enrolled 109 infants, including 74 preterm and 35 full‐term infants. Infants were divided into the following groups: no ROP, regressed ROP, laser‐treated threshold ROP, and full‐term. Cycloplegic refraction was determined at 6 and 24 months' corrected age. Multiple regression models, analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc comparisons, paired t test, and the χ2 test were used for data analysis. ROP status was highly predictive of significant refractive errors in preterm infants. Eyes with laser‐treated threshold ROP had significant myopia at both ages (mean spherical equivalent [MSE] in right eye at both refractions −0.72, −1.21 diopters [D]), astigmatism (MSE −1.62, −1.80 D), and anisometropia (MSE 0.82, 1.02 D; ANOVA p < 0.05), and increased refractive errors across ages (paired t test p < 0.05). Eyes with regressed ROP (MSE + 0.35 D) and eyes without ROP (MSE + 0.78 D) were less hyperopic than the controls (MSE + 1.60 D) before 1 year (post hoc comparisons p < 0.05). After 1 year, however, hyperopic status, astigmatism, and anisometropia were similar to eyes with regressed ROP (MSE + 0.38 D, astigmatism −0.94 D, anisometropia 0.32 D), eyes without ROP (MSE + 0.35 D, astigmatism −0.51 D, anisometropia 0.31 D) and the controls (MSE + 0.72 D, astigmatism −0.59 D, anisometropia 0.50 D) by post hoc comparisons (p > 0.05). Thus, the persistent hyperopic status across ages in patients with regressed ROP and in patients without ROP differed significantly (paired t test p > 0.05) from that in the full‐term infants, with a reduction in hypermetropia noted for the first 2 years of life (paired t test p < 0.05). The incidence and magnitude of significant refractive errors increased with severe ROP and with age. Although the emmetropization process of preterm birth, including regressed ROP and no ROP, differed from full‐term birth in early infancy, we found no differences in the refractive status after 1 year in patients with regressed ROP and in patients without ROP, who were at risk of developing ametropia similar to that of full‐term patients. Therefore, apart from laser‐treated ROP, children with regressed ROP and without ROP can likely be observed with a verbal vision screening at 3–4 years of age.
Clinical experience in diagnosis and treatment of malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumors
Authors: Lin Fan , Cao Jie , Gu Wei‐Li , Fan Shao‐Feng , Li Kun‐Ping , Du Hong , Chen Guo‐Qin , Wen Min‐Jie , Dai Li‐Hua , Lai Yue‐Yuan 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThis study investigated the clinical pathologic character of malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumors (MGIST), their treatment with surgery, and evaluated the efficacy of imatinib postoperation. A total of 68 MGIST patients were enrolled. Of these, 27 patients underwent imatinib auxiliary therapy (treatment group) and 41 underwent imatinib therapy (control group). The therapeutic effects on the two groups were compared using χ2 test analysis after follow‐up of two years. The expressions of CD117, CD34, S100, Vimentin, and alpha smooth‐muscle actin (SMA) were detected by immunohistochemistry methods. Of the 68 cases, 28 showed potential MGIST, whereas 40 had MGIST. Haemorrhagia or necrosis, abundant cell, manifest heteromorphism, and caryocinesia were observed in varying degrees. The positive rates of CD117, CD34, Vimentin, S100, and SMA were 89.7% (61/62), 88.2% (60/62), 73.5% (50/62), 41.1% (28/62) and 25.0% (17/62), respectively. The recurrence rate in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group (p < 0.01). We concluded that CD117 and CD34 may be the most valuable markers in the diagnosis of MGIST, and the diagnosis of MGIST depends on the pathology. Surgery is a far better approach in the treatment of such patients, and imatinib is the more efficient target drug in preventing recurrence and metastasis.
Inlay buccal mucosal graft for reoperative posterior urethroplasty
Authors: Tang Shou‐Hung , Kao Chien‐Chang , Wu Seng‐Tang , Meng En , Cha Tai‐Lung 
Published: February 2012

AbstractPosterior urethral distraction injury following major pelvic trauma is a surgical challenge. Although rarely seen, cases of failure after formal urethral reconstruction are even more problematic. We adapted the concept of augmented free buccal mucosal grafts, which have been successful in anterior urethroplasty, for repairing the posterior urethra in these rare cases with the aim of reducing the likelihood of penile chordee postoperatively. During 2007–2009, four patients were candidates for the proposed procedure because they had received formal transperineal urethral reconstruction but were unable to urinate through the urethra. The urethra was approached transperineally and opened in the midline, rather than divided. Buccal mucosal grafts of an appropriate size were placed in the created urethral groove from 4‐ to 8 o'clock in the lithotomy view. After the procedure, the urethral catheter was kept for 3 weeks. All patients voided through the urethra after the procedure. The maximal postoperative urinary flow rates were between 12–15 ml/seconds in all cases for a follow‐up period of 18–30 months. The recurrence rate was 50% (2/4). Recurrent strictures were minor, and they showed a web‐like stricture ring near the suture line. Restricture within 6 months of surgery responded well to endoscopic internal urethrotomy plus dilatations. In conclusion, without further compromising urethral length, reoperative posterior urethroplasty with the inlay grafting technique can be considered in selective cases.
Stability of two-dimensional collapsible-channel flow at high Reynolds number
Authors: Kudenatti Ramesh B. , Bujurke N. M. , Pedley T. J. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWe study the linear stability of two-dimensional high-Reynolds-number flow in a rigid parallel-sided channel, of which part of one wall has been replaced by a flexible membrane under longitudinal tension ${T}^{\ensuremath{\ast} } $. Far upstream the flow is parallel Poiseuille flow at Reynolds number $\mathit{Re}$; the width of the channel is $a$ and the length of the membrane is $\lambda a$, where $1\ll {\mathit{Re}}^{1/ 7} \lesssim \lambda \ll \mathit{Re}$. Steady flow was studied using interactive boundary-layer theory by Guneratne & Pedley (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 569, 2006, pp. 151–184) for various values of the pressure difference ${P}_{e} $ across the membrane at its upstream end. Here unsteady interactive boundary-layer theory is used to investigate the stability of the trivial steady solution for ${P}_{e} = 0$. An unexpected finding is that the flow is always unstable, with a growth rate that increases with ${T}^{\ensuremath{\ast} } $. In other words, the stability problem is ill-posed. However, when the pressure difference is held fixed (${= }0$) at the downstream end of the membrane, or a little further downstream, the problem is well-posed and all solutions are stable. The physical mechanisms underlying these findings are explored using a simple inviscid model; the crucial factor in the fluid dynamics is the vorticity gradient across the incoming Poiseuille flow.
Histological and molecular confirmation of the fourth human case caused by Dirofilaria repens in a new endemic region of Slovakia
Authors: Hrčkova G. , Kuchtová H. , Miterpáková M. , Ondriska F. , Cibíček J. , Kovacs Š. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractDirofilariosis is considered to be the arthropod vector-borne disease with the fastest spread in Europe. Slovakia belongs to new endemic regions for canine and human infections. This paper reports the fourth human case, where diagnosis was confirmed using computed tomography (CT), histological and molecular examinations – for the first time in this endemic region. The epidemiological history of this case indicated the autochthonous origin, and infection manifested by intense swelling in the periocular region, where a subcutaneous nodule was localized. Microscopic analysis of cross-sections of the surgically removed nodule confirmed the presence of a single male worm of Dirofilaria repens, indicated by the external cuticular ridges, the robust muscle cells and a single male sex organ seen as one tube beside the intestine. Considering that the worm morphology was partially damaged, molecular study was performed using DNA isolated from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue sections of the worm. In polymerase chain reactions (PCR) a set of primers specific for D. repens DNA for the CO1-encoding gene amplified the expected 246 bp product using a high concentration of DNA template. Our diagnostic approach, involving molecular techniques, showed that identification of D. repens from excised tissues is possible even when the morphology of the worm and DNA are damaged during tissue processing. It is expected that the spread of this disease will continue due to climatic changes in central Europe. This warrants higher awareness among clinicians, who will initially be approached by patients, and better co-operation with parasitologists in newly endemic countries.
The History of a Legend: Accounting for Popular Histories of Revolutionary Nationalism in India
Authors: MACLEAN KAMA 
Published: February 2012

AbstractNarratives about the revolutionary movement have largely been the preserve of the popular domain in India, as Christopher Pinney has recently pointed out. India's best-known revolutionary, Bhagat Singh—who was executed by the British in 1931 for his role in the Lahore Conspiracy Case—has been celebrated more in posters, colourful bazaar histories and comic books than in academic tomes. These popular formats have established a hegemonic narrative of his life that has proved to be resistant to subsequent interventions as new materials, such as freshly-declassified intelligence reports and oral history testimonies, come to light. This paper accounts for why Bhagat Singh's life story has predominantly prevailed in the domain of the popular, with special reference to the secrecy of the revolutionary movement and the censure and censorship to which it was subjected in the 1930s.
Jupiter – friend or foe? IV: the influence of orbital eccentricity and inclination
Authors: Horner J. , Jones B. W. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractFor many years, it has been assumed that Jupiter has prevented the Earth from being subject to a punishing impact regime that would have greatly hindered the development of life. Here, we present the fourth in a series of dynamical studies investigating this hypothesis. In our earlier work, we examined the effect of Jupiter's mass on the impact rate experienced by the Earth. Here, we extend that approach to consider the influence of Jupiter's orbital eccentricity and inclination on the impact rate from asteroidal bodies and short-period comets. We first considered scenarios in which Jupiter's orbital eccentricity was somewhat higher and somewhat lower than that in our Solar System, for a variety of ‘Jupiter’ masses. We find that Jupiter's orbital eccentricity plays a moderate role in determining the impact flux at Earth, with more eccentric orbits resulting in a noticeably higher impact rate of asteroids than is the case for more circular orbits. This is particularly pronounced at high ‘Jupiter’ masses. For the short-period comets, the same effect is clearly apparent, albeit to a much lesser degree. The flux of short-period comets impacting the Earth is slightly higher for more eccentric Jovian orbits. We also considered scenarios in which Jupiter's orbital inclination was greater than that in our Solar System. Increasing Jupiter's orbital inclination greatly increased the flux of asteroidal impactors upon the Earth. However, at the highest tested inclination, the disruption to the Asteroid belt was so great that the belt would be entirely depleted after an astronomically short period of time. In such a system, the impact flux from asteroid bodies would therefore be very low, after an initial period of intense bombardment. By contrast, the influence of Jovian inclination on impacts from short-period comets was very small. A slight reduction in the impact flux was noted for the moderate and high inclination scenarios considered in this work – the results for inclinations of 5° and 25° were essentially identical.
Using interview-based recall surveys to estimate cod Gadus morhua and eel Anguilla anguilla harvest in Danish recreational fishing
Authors: Sparrevohn Claus Reedtz , Storr-Paulsen Marie 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Sparrevohn, C. R., and Storr-Paulsen, M. 2012. Using interview-based recall surveys to estimate cod Gadus morhua and eel Anguilla anguilla harvest in Danish recreational fishing. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 323–330. Marine recreational fishing is a popular outdoor activity in Denmark, practised by both anglers and passive gear fishers. However, the impact on the targeted stocks is unknown, so to estimate the 2009 harvest of cod Gadus morhua and eel Anguilla anguilla, two separate interview-based surveys were initiated and carried out in 2009/2010. The first recall survey exclusively targeted fishers who had been issued with the mandatory Danish fishing licence. The second survey was designed to identify those who fish without a licence. It was estimated that 1231 t of cod were harvested in 2009, corresponding to 4.8% of the entire Danish cod yield (recreational harvest + commercial landings). Area differences were found, and, in certain areas, the recreational harvest of cod accounted for more than 30% of the total yield. The majority (81%) of the recreational cod harvest was taken by anglers. Eels, however, are almost exclusively caught with passive gear (fykenets) and a total of 104 t year−1 was harvested, which corresponds to 19% of the entire Danish eel yield. The inclusion of the harvest taken by fishers without a valid licence was important and added almost 20% to the estimated harvest.
Overexpression of the μ-Opioid Receptor in Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Promotes Akt and mTOR Activation, Tumor Growth, and Metastasis
Authors: Lennon Frances E. , Mirzapoiazova Tamara , Mambetsariev Bolot , Salgia Ravi , Moss Jonathan , Singleton Patrick A. 
Published: February 2012

Background
Recent epidemiologic studies suggesting that there were differences in cancer recurrence contingent on anesthetic regimens have raised the possibility that μ-opioid agonists can influence cancer progression. Based on our previous studies indicating the μ-opioid receptor (MOR) is up-regulated in several types of non-small cell lung cancer, this study examined the functional significance of MOR overexpression to elucidate a possible mechanism for the epidemiologic findings.

Methods
Stable vector control and MOR1 overexpressing human bronchioloalveolar carcinoma cells were evaluated using immunoblot analysis, proliferation and transendothelial extravasation assays with or without Akt inhibitor, mTOR inhibitor (temsirolimus), or the peripheral MOR antagonist, methylnaltrexone. In human lung cancer xenograft models, primary tumor growth rates and lung metastasis were analyzed using consecutive tumor volume measurements and nestin immunoreactivity in lungs of the nude mouse model.

Results
The authors provide evidence that MOR is an important regulator of lung cancer progression. MOR overexpression increased Akt and mTOR activation, proliferation, and extravasation in human bronchioloalveolar carcinoma cells. In vivo, overexpression of MOR in human bronchoalveolar carcinoma cells increased primary tumor growth rates in nude mice by approximately 2.5-fold and lung metastasis by approximately 20-fold compared with vector control cells (n = 4 per condition).

Conclusions
The overexpression data suggest a possible direct effect of MOR on Akt and mTOR activation and lung cancer progression. Such an effect provides a plausible explanation for the epidemiologic findings. The authors' observations further suggest that exploration of MOR in non-small cell lung carcinoma merits further study both as a diagnostic and therapeutic option.
Substance P Signaling Controls Mast Cell Activation, Degranulation, and Nociceptive Sensitization in a Rat Fracture Model of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Authors: Li Wen-Wu , Guo Tian-Zhi , Liang De-yong , Sun Yuan , Kingery Wade S. , Clark J. David 
Published: February 2012

Background
Patients with complex regional pain syndrome have increased tryptase in the skin of the affected extremity indicating mast cell (MC) accumulation and degranulation, processes known to be mediated by substance P (SP). The dysregulation of SP release from primary afferent neurons is characteristic of complex regional pain syndrome. The authors hypothesized that SP acting through the neurokinin-1 receptor results in mast cell accumulation, degranulation, and nociceptive sensitization in a rat model of complex regional pain syndrome.

Methods
Groups of 6-10 rats underwent tibia fracture and hind limb casting for 4 weeks, and the hind paw skin was harvested for histologic and immunohistochemical analysis. The effects of a selective neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist (LY303870) and of direct SP intraplantar injection were measured. Dermal MC degranulation induced by sciatic nerve stimulation and the effects of LY303870 on this process were investigated. Finally, the antinociceptive effects of acute and chronic treatment with a MC degranulator (48/80) were tested.

Results
The authors observed that fracture caused MC accumulation, activation, and degranulation, which were inhibited by LY303870; the percentage of MCs in close proximity to peptidergic nerve fibers increased after fracture; electrical stimulation caused MC activation and degranulation, which was blocked by LY303870; intraplantar SP-induced MC degranulation and acute administration of 48/80 caused MC degranulation and enhanced postfracture nociception, but MC-depleted animals showed less sensitization.

Conclusions
These results indicate that facilitated peptidergic neuron-MC signaling after fracture can cause MC accumulation, activation, and degranulation in the injured limb, resulting in nociceptive sensitization.
Isoflurane Enhances Both Fast and Slow Synaptic Inhibition in the Hippocampus at Amnestic Concentrations
Authors: Dai Shuiping , Perouansky Misha , Pearce Robert A. 
Published: February 2012

Background
Inhibition mediated by γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA A) receptors has long been considered an important target for a variety of general anesthetics. In the hippocampus, two types of phasic GABA A receptor-mediated inhibition coexist: GABA A,fast, which is expressed primarily at peri-somatic sites, and GABAA,slow, which is expressed primarily in the dendrites. Their spatial segregation suggests distinct functions: GABA A,slow may control plasticity of dendritic synapses, whereas GABA A,fast controls action potential initiation at the soma. We examined modulation of GABA A,fast and GABA A,slow inhibition by isoflurane at amnesic concentrations, and compared it with modulation by behaviorally equivalent doses of the GABA A receptor-selective drug etomidate.

Methods
Whole cell recordings were obtained from pyramidal cells in organotypic hippocampal cultures prepared from C57BL/6 × 129/SvJ F1 hybrid mice. GABA A receptor-mediated currents were isolated using glutamate receptor antagonists. GABAA,slow currents were evoked by electrical stimulation in the stratum lacunosum-moleculare. Miniature GABA A,fast currents were recorded in the presence of tetrodotoxin.

Results
100 μM isoflurane (approximately EC50,amnesia) slowed fast- and slow-inhibitory postsynaptic current decay by approximately 25%. Higher concentrations, up to 400 μM, produced proportionally greater effects without altering current amplitudes. The effects on GABA A,slow were approximately one-half those produced by equi-amnesic concentrations of etomidate.

Conclusions
Isoflurane enhances both types of phasic GABA A receptor-mediated inhibition to similar degrees at amnesic concentrations. This pattern differs from etomidate, which at low concentrations selectively enhances slow inhibition. These effects of isoflurane are sufficiently large that they may contribute substantially to its suppression of hippocampal learning and memory.