bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Executive Turnover Following Option Backdating Allegations
Authors: Efendi Jap , Files Rebecca , Ouyang Bo , Swanson Edward P. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT:
We find that the likelihood of forced turnover in the CEO and CFO positions is significantly higher for firms in the aftermath of option backdating than in propensity-score matched control firms. Forced turnover occurs in about 36 percent of the accused firms. The forced turnover rates for CEOs and CFOs are similar and several times higher than normal. The displaced managers are further punished by the managerial labor market, as they are much less likely than control firm managers to be rehired at comparable positions. We also find that backdating firms restructure CEO compensation to rely less on stock options. Finally, we learn the higher turnover extends to the General Counsel. While boards are often viewed as unresponsive to criticisms involving executive compensation, they did respond quite decisively to option backdating allegations and the accompanying adverse publicity.
Data Availability: All data used in this study are publicly available from the sources indicated.
Efficacy and Safety of Switching From the DPP-4 Inhibitor Sitagliptin to the Human GLP-1 Analog Liraglutide After 52 Weeks in Metformin-Treated Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Pratley Richard E. , Nauck Michael A. , Bailey Timothy , Montanya Eduard , Filetti Sebastiano , Garber Alan J. , Thomsen Anne B. , Furber Sabina , Davies Melanie ,   for the 1860-LIRA-DPP-4 Study Group
Published: July 2012

OBJECTIVETo assess the efficacy and safety of switching from sitagliptin to liraglutide in metformin-treated adults with type 2 diabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSIn an open-label trial, participants randomized to receive either liraglutide (1.2 or 1.8 mg/day) or sitagliptin (100 mg/day), each added to metformin, continued treatment for 52 weeks. In a 26-week extension, sitagliptin-treated participants were randomly allocated to receive instead liraglutide at either 1.2 or 1.8 mg/day, while participants originally randomized to receive liraglutide continued unchanged.RESULTSAlthough 52 weeks of sitagliptin changed glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) by −0.9% from baseline, additional decreases occurred after switching to liraglutide (1.2 mg/day, −0.2%, P = 0.006; 1.8 mg/day, −0.5%, P = 0.0001). Conversion to liraglutide was associated with reductions in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (1.2 mg/day, −0.8 mmol/L, P = 0.0004; 1.8 mg/day, −1.4 mmol/L, P &lt; 0.0001) and body weight (1.2 mg/day, −1.6 kg; 1.8 mg/day, −2.5 kg; both P &lt; 0.0001) and with an increased proportion of patients reaching HbA1c &lt;7% (from ∼30% to ∼50%). Overall treatment satisfaction, assessed by the Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire, improved after switching to liraglutide (pooled 1.2 and 1.8 mg/day, 1.3; P = 0.0189). After switching, mostly transient nausea occurred in 21% of participants, and minor hypoglycemia remained low (3–4% of participants). Continuing liraglutide treatment at 1.2 mg/day and 1.8 mg/day for 78 weeks reduced HbA1c (baseline 8.3 and 8.4%, respectively) by −0.9 and −1.3%, respectively; FPG by −1.3 and −1.7 mmol/L, respectively; and weight by −2.6 and −3.1 kg, respectively, with 9–10% of participants reporting minor hypoglycemia.CONCLUSIONSGlycemic control, weight, and treatment satisfaction improved after switching from sitagliptin to liraglutide, albeit with a transient increase in gastrointestinal reactions.
Fetal Central Nervous System Injury in Third Trimester Stillbirth: A Clinicopathologic Study of 63 Cases
Authors: Jacques Suzanne M. , Kupsky William J. , Giorgadze Tamar , Qureshi Faisal 
Published: July 2012

We report the neuropathologic findings and clinicopathologic associations in 63 3rd trimester singleton stillborn fetuses. All were ≥28 weeks estimated gestational age (EGA) with complete autopsies, including placental examination. Fetuses with chromosomal abnormalities, major congenital anomalies, and intrapartum demise were excluded. The cases were divided into those with abruption ( n = 12) and those with unexplained fetal demise ( n = 51). The latter group was then subdivided by gestational age with 3 subgroups (preterm 28 to <32 weeks EGA ( n = 16), preterm 32 to <37 weeks EGA ( n = 13), and term 37–41 weeks EGA ( n = 22). Each group was further subdivided as appropriate-for-gestational age/large-for-gestational age (AGA/LGA) or small-for-gestational age (SGA). Placental lesions were also evaluated and correlated with brain lesions. Established or recent injury involving gray or white matter was seen in 88% of the fetuses with unexplained demise versus 42% with abruption ( P = 0.001). The most common form of brain injury was established gray matter damage, seen in 65% of the fetuses with unexplained demise versus 25% with abruption ( P = 0.021), the most common pattern being established pontosubicular neuronal necrosis plus established neuronal necrosis in other sites. There was no significant difference in the frequency of brain injury between the SGA fetuses and AGA/LGA fetuses or between the unexplained stillbirth preterm and term subgroups, and there was no unequivocal correlation between placental lesions and brain lesions. Brain injury, most frequently established gray matter damage, is seen in the majority of stillborn infants with unexplained demise, indicating that the brain injury predates the period immediately before death.
Sex hormone regulation of collagen concentrations in cranial cruciate ligaments of sexually immature male rabbits
Authors: Light Victoria A. , Montgomery Ron D. , Akingbemi Benson T. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Objective—To investigate the effects of gonadectomy on collagen homeostasis in cranial cruciate ligaments of male rabbits.
Animals—30 sexually immature (16-week-old) male New Zealand White rabbits.
Procedures—Rabbits were randomly assigned to 5 groups of 6 rabbits each: sexually intact, placebo (control group); castrated, placebo; castrated, testosterone; castrated, dihydrotestosterone; and castrated, 17β-estradiol (E2). Control rabbits underwent a sham operation, and all other rabbits underwent gonadectomy. At the time of gonadectomy, the placebo and sex hormones were administered via slow-release pellets implanted subcutaneously as assigned. After 21 days of hormone supplementation, measurements were obtained of serum testosterone and E2 concentrations, ligament collagen characteristics, and androgen receptor, estrogen receoptor α, and matrix metalloproteinase expression.
Results—Following gonadectomy and hormone supplementation, the treatment groups differed in serum testosterone and E2 concentrations to various degrees. Collagen concentrations were lower and fiber diameters higher in the absence of sex hormones, in association with the degrees of estrogen receptor a and androgen receptor expression. Although differences were detected among the groups in matrix metalloproteinase expression, these differences were not significant.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Sex hormones appeared to play a role in cranial cruciate ligament homeostasis in male rabbits. Physiologic changes triggered by the lack of sex hormones following gonadectomy in sexually immature rabbits may potentially predispose those rabbits to orthopedic injuries.
Oncolysis of canine tumor cells by myxoma virus lacking the serp2 gene
Authors: Urbasic Ashlee S. , Hynes Stacy , Somrak Amy , Contakos Stacey , Rahman Masmudur M. , Liu Jia , MacNeill Amy L. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Objective—To determine the oncolytic efficacy of an attenuated form of myxoma virus lacking the serp2 gene in canine tumor cells.
Sample—Primary cells were isolated from tumors that were surgically removed from dogs and from connective tissue obtained from the cadaver of a dog. Cells of various established cell lines from tumors and nontumorous tissues were obtained.
Procedures—Experiments were performed with cells in monolayer culture. Cell cultures were inoculated with wild-type myxoma viruses or myxoma viruses lacking the serp2 gene, and measures of cytopathic effects, viral growth kinetics, and cell death and apoptosis were determined.
Results—Myxoma viruses replicated in cells of many of the primary and established canine tumor cell lines. Canine tumor cells in which expression of activated protein kinase B was upregulated were more permissive to myxoma virus infection than were cells in which expression of activated protein kinase B was not upregulated. Myxoma viruses lacking the serp2 gene caused more cytopathic effects in canine tumor cells because of apoptosis than did wild-type myxoma viruses.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results of the present study indicated myxoma viruses lacking the serp2 gene may be useful for treatment of cancer in dogs.
Impact for Human Medicine—Results of the present study may be useful for development of novel oncolytic treatments for tumors in humans.
Histopathological patterns of ovarian tumors at BPKIHS
Authors: Pradhan A , Sinha A K , Upreti D 
Published: July 2012

Introduction: Ovarian tumors account for fifth most common cause of cancer related death in females involving a variety of histological diagnosis. It accounts for 6% of all cancers. Though it is one of the treatable cancers due to its sensitivity to anticancer therapies, it frequently does not result in symptoms until the cancer has spread extensively.Objectives: To study the incidence, histopathological spectrum and clinical correlates of ovarian tumours at B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS).Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken during a period of one year (1st Jan. 31st Dec 2006). The tumors were classified according to WHO classification after thorough examination of H&E slides under light microscope. Data on clinical presentation and physical findings were also recorded in each case.Results: There were a total of 83 cases. Surface epithelial tumors emerged as the commonest variety accounting for 47%, followed by Germ cell tumors (45.8%). Sex . cord stromal tumors and metastatic tumors accounted 3.6% each. The age range was 10 . 86 years. Metastatic tumors involved younger age groups. Abdominal mass was the commonest clinical presentation followed by pain abdomen.Conclusion: At BPKIHS, ovarian tumors were found to occur in wide range of age (10-86years) with abdominal mass and pain abdomen being the commonest mode of clinical presentation .Histology revealed that surface epithelial tumors and germ cell tumors together constitute the large majority of the case (92.8%). An accurate histological diagnosis and staging is therapeutically and prognostically important.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v10i2.6570 Health Renaissance 2012; Vol 10 (No.2); 87-97
SEM evaluation of gap at the resin dentin interface in Class II composite resin restoration: an in vitro study
Authors: Mazumdar P , Das U Kumar , Kundu R 
Published: July 2012

Introduction: Composite resins have become one of the most commonly used direct restorative materials for anterior and posterior teeth.Objectives: To observe and analyze the gap at the resin dentin interface in class II cavities restored with light cure composite resin in four experimental groups employing 37% phosphoric acid or self etching monomers and restored with /without light cure flowable composite resin.Methods: 40 sound maxillary first premolars, extracted due to orthodontic reasons was taken, distoproximal cavities were prepared and divided into 4 groups. Teeth of Group 1 was etched by 37% Phosphoric acid and light cure flowable composite resin was used, in group 2 ,two coats of self etching acidic monomer were applied and light cure flowable composite resin was used. Teeth of group 3 was etched with 37% phosphoric acid and restored without light cure flowable composite resin and in group 4, two coats of self etching acidic monomer were applied and restored without using light cure flowable composite resin material. Thermocycling was done after finishing and polishing and viewed under scanning electron microscope to observe and analyze the gap between tooth and the restoration.Result: Gap was observed at dentin-composite resin interface in all 4 groups. Results were evaluated by F-test and Manwhitney U test. No statistically significant difference was found.Conclusion: Use of flowable composite resin liner and the etching technique do not have any influence on the gap.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v10i2.6571 Health Renaissance 2012; Vol 10 (No.2); 98-104
Prevalence and clinical features of pityriasis versicolor in children
Authors: Rijal A , Agrawal S , Bhattarai S 
Published: July 2012

Background: Pityriasis versicolor (P.versicolor) is a mild chronic infection of the skin caused by Malassezia yeasts. The disease is more prevalent in teenagers and adults and children are rarely affected.Objective: To study the prevalence and clinical presentation of P.versicolor in children.Methods: All children below 14years of age presenting with hypo pigmented macules were screened for P.versicolor. A 10% KOH examination of skin scrapping was done in all the screened patients. A positive KOH mount showing spores and hyphae were included in the study. The clinical and epidemiological data was noted.Results: The total number of children with hypo pigmented macules was 102 and 58 were positive for PV. In 31.2%patients the lesions were on the face and these patients were below 1 years of age. Most cases presented in the summer months. Oil massage was seen in all patients.Conclusion: Hypo pigmented macules in infants should be screened for PV as this is seen to be quite common. Occlusion due to oil massage may cause PV.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v10i2.6574 Health Renaissance 2012; Vol 10 (No.2); 105-107
Level of compliance and factors associated with non-compliance to treatment among the mentally ill patients
Authors: Lama S , Lakshmi K V , Shyangwa P M , Parajuli P 
Published: July 2012

Background: Mental illnesses are treatable and need medication and other therapies i.e. counseling, psychotherapy etc for the better outcome. Poor adherence to psychiatric medication regimens is a major obstacle to the effective care of persons who have chronic mental illness.Objectives: The study aims to identify the level of compliance and factors associated with non-compliance to treatment regimen.Methods: This was a hospital based cross sectional study carried out in psychiatric ward and OPD at B.P.Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan Nepal. A total of 150 patients were included as study samples using purposive sampling technique. Data was collected using self developed, pre tested, semi structured Pro forma by interview method.Results: Half of the patients showed average compliance. Thirty seven percentages of patients had good compliance and only 13% showed poor compliance. There was no association between drug compliance and demographic variables (p> 0.05). Drug compliance was significantly associated with factors such as drug related aspects, treatment access related factors, quality of interaction with treating team, family support, attitude towards mental illness and relatives' insight towards mental illness (p<0.05 ).Conclusion: The findings of the study highlighted the various factors such as drug related, social support, and treatment access related factors are influencing the drug compliance among the mentally ill patients.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v10i2.6577 Health Renaissance 2012; Vol 10 (No.2); 113-117
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: an experience of university hospital in eastern Nepal
Authors: Bajracharya A , Adhikary S , Agrawal C S 
Published: July 2012

Introduction: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has become the standard treatment for symptomatic gall stones disease. Objective of this study to assess the safety of this procedure, to audit the conversion and bile duct injury rates and the factors which influence these. Methods: A total of 346 laparoscopic cholecystectomy over a six months period (15 April 2010 to 14 October 2010) with their demographics and ethnic group, conversion to open operation and bile duct injury were recorded. Pre operative, operative and the relevant data were collected prospectively. A chi squire test was done to determine significance of any differences between subgroups. Results: Male to female ratio was 1:4. The most common indication for surgery was biliary colic/dyspepsia (51%),cholecystitis (chronic- 49.4%, acute- 12%), pancreatitis, gallbladder polyp, history of recurrent attacks 16.5%,obesity 19.1%. 128 were operated by consultant, 170 by junior consultants, 48 were by senior residents. There was no statistically significant difference found in the duration of surgery between consultants and junior consultants (P=0.264), however significance between consultants and senior residents (P=<0.001)was observed. Conclusion: Despite limited resources, laparoscopic cholecystectomy is feasible and safe for gallstones disease even in developing country like Nepal.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v10i2.6582 Health Renaissance 2012; Vol 10 (No.2); 134-136
Fahr's disease: a rare neurodegenerative disorder
Authors: Ahmad K , Dhungel K , Sah P , Ansari S , Shashikar Dr. 
Published: July 2012

Fahr's disease is a rare neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by the bilateral symmetrical deposition of calcium in the basal ganglia, thalamus, dentate nuclei and centrum semiovale in the absence of hypoparathyroidism. It is often familial. Hereby, we are reporting a rare case of Fahr's disease who presented with repeated episodes of seizures and was diagnosed as Fahr's disease after performing computed tomographic (CT) scan.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v10i2.6589 Health Renaissance 2012; Vol 10 (No.2); 155-156
Right superior aberrant renal artery - its embryological significance
Authors: Kumar G Parveen 
Published: July 2012

During routine dissection of an old male cadaver, in the Department of Anatomy, Pinnamaneni Siddhartha Institute of Medical science, Chinoutpalli, Andhra Pradesh, India, presence of right superior aberrant renal artery was noted. It took origin from the lateral aspect of abdominal aorta, below the origin of superior mesenteric artery and above the right main renal artery .The right superior renal artery run towards upper pole of the right kidney. Proper knowledge of variations of the arteries supplying the kidney is essential not only to the anatomists but also to the vascular surgeons, urologists, nephrologists and radiologists. Such vascular variations as noted in the present study have been explained in light of embryogenic development. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v11i2.11484 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 11 No. 02 April 2012: 148-150
Tumor Associated Macrophages-Friends Turned Foe? A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Jairajpuri Zeeba Shamim , Agarwal Usha 
Published: July 2012

Most malignant tumors are infiltrated by inflammatory cells and it has long been considered that such infiltrates may be evidence of a host response to the tumor. Although lymphocytes are prominent in the inflammatory infiltrate, macrophages are also present, often in considerable numbers. Breast carcinoma is one such tumor where tumor associated macrophages (TAM) have been reported to be widespread, more so in Western literature. There is paucity of information about the biological and prognostic significance of this phenomenon in India. Ours is a tertiary center which receives approximately100 to120cases of breast carcinoma for pathological evaluation annually. Here we report the first case in our experience which showed large numbers of macrophages infiltrating the stroma around the tumor cells.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v11i2.8928 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 11 No. 02 April 2012: 139-142
Thérapie psychomotrice auprès d'un enfant présentant des troubles envahissants du développement
Authors: Devanne Élise 
Published: July 2012

Résumé Cet article relate quelques mois de la prise en charge d’un petit garçon de 3 ans, Jonathan, présentant des troubles envahissants du développement. Cette expérience de thérapie psychomotrice met en évidence ses troubles d’un point de vue psychodynamique. Ceux-ci sont centrés sur l’image du corps et les angoisses corporelles. Deux principales manipulations d’objets de Jonathan rendent compte de cette expérience clinique : celles des ballons et des feutres. Ce texte témoigne également du processus thérapeutique qui vise à accompagner et à étayer Jonathan dans une reprise de la structuration du moi corporel. La thérapie psychomotrice repose sur la mise en mots des manipulations de l’enfant. La reconnaissance de nos propres éprouvés est au cœur du processus thérapeutique. Il s’agit d’amener l’enfant vers une conscience de lui-même et de l’autre, dans une relation sûre et différenciée.
What's the trouble ? About gender, Judith Butler and Edith Stein...
Authors: Rastoin Cécile 
Published: July 2012

Résumé On peut se demander pourquoi les mouvements subversifs doivent tant aux intellectuelles juives. De façon étonnante, nous nous proposons, pour traiter cette question, de dresser un portrait comparé d’Edith Stein et de Judith Butler, dont les racines juives sont peu évoquées dans ce dernier cas. Des féminismes différents les marquent toutes les deux, de même que toutes deux S’affrontent aux normes du monde païen, et y apportent des réponses singulières. En croisant les regards et les lectures, on S’aperçoit que le Dieu de la Révélation judéo-chrétienne créée, sépare, féconde par sa Parole mais qu’il n’a pas d’« identité sexuelle » ni de pratique sexuée. La chasteté n’est pas « naturelle » mais libère les capacités spirituelles de l’être humain. Il ne devrait pas être possible de S’autoriser de la Bible pour encourager la marginalisation ; historiquement, pourtant, il y a eu violence. Toujours en croisant les itinéraires personnels, les compétences intellectuelles et les traditions spirituels, ce sont les grandes questions de la postmodernité sur la différence sexuelle qui surgissent ici. Il y a beaucoup de fruits inespérés à laisser mûrir de tels croisements en termes d’anthropologie théologique fondamentale, mais aussi de discussions plus pointues autour de la controverse du gender .
Une diplomatie de professeurs au cœur de l'Allemagne vaincue : la mission Haguenin à Berlin (mars 1919-juin 1920)
Authors: Aballéa Marion 
Published: July 2012

Résumé De mars 1919 à juin 1920, une mission officieuse, dirigée par le professeur Émile Haguenin et composée d’universitaires, a été à Berlin l’instrument du Quai d’Orsay voulant reprendre la main sur les affaires allemandes. Évoluant dans un cadre institutionnel flou et dans un paysage allemand plus confus encore, la mission Haguenin a représenté une expérience diplomatique inédite : opportuniste et volontariste, faisant reposer son action essentiellement sur les relations personnelles en Allemagne et sur une large autonomie par rapport à Paris, elle a dessiné une recomposition des rôles du diplomate et s’est pensée comme l’outil d’une rénovation de la relation diplomatique entre la France et l’Allemagne. Si, née de la guerre, la Mission ne survit pas à la paix, elle laisse son empreinte en 1920 sur l’ambassade de France qui rouvre ses portes à Berlin, et sur la relation entre les deux pays.
Tango de Neutres sur fond de guerre : les relations économiques entre la Suisse et l'Argentine (1938-1945)
Authors: Lucas Isabelle 
Published: July 2012

Résumé Cet article porte sur les relations économiques entre deux pays restés neutres durant la guerre. Fondé sur des documents d’archives encore inexploités, il vise à comprendre comment la Suisse et l’Argentine sont parvenues à maintenir, et même à renforcer, leurs échanges malgré les obstacles liés au conflit. La guerre offre à la Suisse l’opportunité de gagner des parts importantes du marché argentin pour les produits phares de son industrie d’exportation. Au-delà des circonstances de la guerre, ce sont aussi les stratégies volontaristes mises en œuvre par les milieux dirigeants helvétiques qui permettent ce résultat. Parmi ces stratégies, un crédit de 40 millions de francs suisses octroyés par les milieux financiers au Gouvernement argentin est au cœur de l’analyse.