bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Immune Peptidases Change Specificity: Cathepsin G Gained Tryptic Function but Lost Efficiency during Primate Evolution
Authors: Raymond Wilfred W. , Trivedi Neil N. , Makarova Anastasia , Ray Manisha , Craik Charles S. , Caughey George H. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Cathepsin G is a major secreted serine peptidase of neutrophils and mast cells. Studies in Ctsg-null mice suggest that cathepsin G supports antimicrobial defenses but can injure host tissues. The human enzyme has an unusual “Janus-faced” ability to cleave peptides at basic (tryptic) as well as aromatic (chymotryptic) sites. Tryptic activity has been attributed to acidic Glu226 in the primary specificity pocket and underlies proposed important functions, such as activation of prourokinase. However, most mammals, including mice, substitute Ala226 for Glu226, suggesting that human tryptic activity may be anomalous. To test this hypothesis, human cathepsin G was compared with mouse wild-type and humanized active site mutants, revealing that mouse primary specificity is markedly narrower than that of human cathepsin G, with much greater Tyr activity and selectivity and near absence of tryptic activity. It also differs from human in resisting tryptic peptidase inhibitors (e.g., aprotinin), while favoring angiotensin destruction at Tyr4 over activation at Phe8. Ala226Glu mutants of mouse cathepsin G acquire tryptic activity and human ability to activate prourokinase. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that the Ala226Glu missense mutation appearing in primates 31–43 million years ago represented an apparently unprecedented way to create tryptic activity in a serine peptidase. We propose that tryptic activity is not an attribute of ancestral mammalian cathepsin G, which was primarily chymotryptic, and that primate-selective broadening of specificity opposed the general trend of increased specialization by immune peptidases and allowed acquisition of new functions.
A randomized, open labeled, comparative study to assess the efficacy and safety of controller medications as add on to inhaled corticosteroid and long-acting β2 agonist in the treatment of moderate-to-severe persistent asthma
Authors: Patel YA , Patel P , Bavadia H , Dave J , Tripathi CB 
Published: October 2010

Background:The goal of asthma therapy is to achieve clinical control and near normal lung functions. Many patients with persistent asthma fail to achieve this goal with a single controller medication add on to a inhaled corticosteroid. We have checked whether another controller medication add on to inhaled corticosteroid and long-acting β2agonist helps in achieving the asthma goal or not.Objectives:To identify the effect of controller medication add on to inhaled corticosteroid and the long-acting β2agonist on the clinical symptom, lung function, and compliance in patients with asthma.Materials and Methods:We conducted a randomized, open-labeled, comparative trial in 50 participants with moderate-to-severe persistent asthma. The study duration was of 10 weeks. During the first two weeks of the run-in period all the participants received a dry powder inhaler drug delivery of budesonide (400 mcg/day) and formoterol (12 mcg/day) combination. At the end of the run-in period the participants were randomly allocated into three groups: group A (n = 16) received oral montelukast (10 mg/day); group B (n = 17) received oral doxophylline (400 mg/day), and group C (n = 17) received inhaled budesonide (400 mcg) as add on to the above-mentioned drugs of the run-in period. The primary outcome was improvement in forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV1).Results:All the participants of the three groups had significant improvement in FEV1(P < 0.001) and asthma symptoms at the end of 10 weeks. The mean increase in FEV1(% of predicted) from the baseline, in groups A, B, and C was: 24.6; 21.33, and 19.86%, respectively.Conclusions:All add on controller medications helped, with a significant improvement of lung functions and asthma symptoms.
Sex and age differences in the diet and ingestive behaviors of sooty mangabeys (Cercocebus atys) in the Tai forest, Ivory coast
Authors: McGraw W. Scott , Vick Anna E. , Daegling David J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMembers of the Cercocebus‐Mandrillus clade are united by several morphological features, including expanded premolars which are argued to be associated with a preponderance of hard objects in the diet. We test the association between premolar expansion and hard object feeding by examining how different dental regions are used during food processing. We examined the diet and oral processing activities of sooty mangabeys (Cercocebus atys) in the Ivory Coast's Tai forest from August 2008 to September 2009. In addition to compiling diet profiles, we recorded the frequency that individuals performed four activities: 1) incising, 2) canine puncturing/scraping, 3) postcanine crushing (i.e., isometric biting), and 4) routine mastication (chewing cycles). Sooty mangabeys have a relatively narrow diet that consists largely of nuts/seeds, fruits, and invertebrates. While there are age and sex differences in diet, the most frequently consumed foods are similar across age and sex classes. The most frequently consumed foods are seeds of Sacoglottis gabonensis which are the hardest items in the sooty mangabey diet. Patterns of ingestive behavior vary with food type, but adults and nonadults (excluding infants dependent onmothers) of both sexes process similar foods. Premolar expansion in Cercocebus atys is associated with powerful crushing of hard objects of specific size and durophagy is a constant feature of sooty mangabey feeding ecology throughout ontogeny. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantum particles from classical statistics
Authors: Wetterich C. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractQuantum particles and classical particles are described in a common setting of classical statistical physics. The property of a particle being “classical” or “quantum” ceases to be a basic conceptual difference. The dynamics differs, however, between quantum and classical particles. We describe position, motion and correlations of a quantum particle in terms of observables in a classical statistical ensemble. On the other side, we also construct explicitly the quantum formalism with wave function and Hamiltonian for classical particles. For a suitable time evolution of the classical probabilities and a suitable choice of observables all features of a quantum particle in a potential can be derived from classical statistics, including interference and tunneling. Besides conceptual advances, the treatment of classical and quantum particles in a common formalism could lead to interesting cross‐fertilization between classical statistics and quantum physics.
Evolution and predictors of morphological and functional arterial changes in the course of type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Vastagh Ildikó , Horváth Tamás , Nagy Géza , Varga Tímea , Juhász Eszter , Juhász Viktória , Kollai Márk , Bereczki Dániel , Somogyi Anikó 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes mellitus results in accelerated atherosclerosis. We evaluated preclinical, morphological and functional vascular changes in type 1 diabetes mellitus.MethodsDiameter, intima‐media thickness, intima‐media cross‐section area, and elasticity features (compliance, distensibility coefficient, circumferential strain, stiffness index, incremental elastic modulus) of the common carotid arteries and carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity were studied in 42 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus without macroangiopathy, and 41 control subjects matched for sex, age and body mass index using an ultrasonographic vessel wall‐movement tracking system and applanation tonometry.ResultsSignificantly larger intima‐media thickness (523 ± 55 versus 567 ± 89 µm, p < 0.01), intima‐media cross‐section area (11.60 ± 1.81 versus 13.08 ± 3.02 mm2, p < 0.01), SI (5.58 ± 1.24 versus 7.08 ± 2.69, p < 0.01) and pulse wave velocity (6.00 ± 0.82 versus 6.61 ± 1.56 m/s, p < 0.05) were found in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients compared to controls. When type 1 diabetes mellitus patients with short and long disease duration (≤ or > 10 years) were compared, diameter (6450 ± 433 versus 6847 ± 750 µm, p < 0.05), intima‐media cross‐section area (11.97 ± 1.98 versus 14.01 ± 3.43 mm, p < 0.05) and pulse wave velocity (5.90 ± 0.92 versus 7.20 ± 1.74 m/s, p < 0.01) differed significantly. When multivariate analyses were restricted to type 1 diabetes mellitus patients, age was an independent predictor of stiffness index and pulse wave velocity, the duration of diabetes mellitus of intima‐media cross‐section area and pulse wave velocity, systolic blood pressure of diameter and pulse wave velocity, and low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol of intima‐media thickness, intima‐media cross‐section area and stiffness index.ConclusionsThere are differences in the time course of evolution and in predictors of morphological and functional changes in arteries in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ectopic expression of GATA6 bypasses requirement for Grb2 in primitive endoderm formation
Authors: Wang Ying , Smedberg Jennifer L. , Cai Kathy Qi , Capo‐Chichi D. Callinice , Xu Xiang‐Xi 
Published: October 2010

AbstractGene knockouts in mice have showed that Grb2 and GATA6 are essential for the formation of primitive endoderm in blastocysts. Here, we confirmed that implanted Grb2‐null blastocysts lack primitive or extraembryonic endoderm cells either at E4.5 or E5.5 stages. We analyzed the relationship between Grb2 and GATA6 in the differentiation of embryonic stem (ES) cells to primitive endoderm in embryoid body models. Upon transfection with GATA6 expression vector, Grb2‐null ES cells underwent endoderm differentiation as indicated by the expression of the extraembryonic endoderm markers Dab2 and GATA4. Transfection of GATA4 expression vector also had the same differentiation potency. When GATA6‐ or GATA4‐transfected Grb2‐null ES cells were allowed to aggregate, fragments of an endoderm layer formed on the surface of the spheroids. The results suggest that GATA6 is downstream of Grb2 in the inductive signaling pathway and the expression of GATA6 is sufficient to compensate for the defects caused by Grb2 deficiency in the development of the primitive and extraembryonic endoderm. Developmental Dynamics 240:566–576, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lifetime imaging of FRET between red fluorescent proteins
Authors: Rusanov Alexander L. , Ivashina Tatiana V. , Vinokurov Leonid M. , Fiks Ilya I. , Orlova Anna G. , Turchin Ilya V. , Meerovich Irina G. , Zherdeva Victorya V. , Savitsky Alexander P. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractNumerous processes in cells can be traced by using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between two fluorescent proteins. The novel FRET pair including the red fluorescent protein TagRFP and kindling fluorescent protein KFP for sensing caspase‐3 activity is developed. The lifetime mode of FRET measurements with a nonfluorescent protein KFP as an acceptor is used to minimize crosstalk due to its direct excitation. The red fluorescence is characterized by a better penetrability through the tissues and minimizes the cell autofluorescence signal. The effective transfection and expression of the FRET sensor in eukaryotic cells is shown by FLIM. The induction of apoptosis by camptothecine increases the fluorescence lifetime, which means effective cleavage of the FRET sensor by caspase‐3. The instruments for detecting whole‐body fluorescent lifetime imaging are described. Experiments on animals show distinct fluorescence lifetimes for the red fluorescent proteins possessing similar spectral properties. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
4D retrospective lineage tracing using SPIM for zebrafish organogenesis studies
Authors: Swoger Jim , Muzzopappa Mariana , López‐Schier Hernán , Sharpe James 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA study demonstrating an imaging framework that permits the determination of cell lineages during organogenesis of the posterior lateral line in zebrafish is presented. The combination of Selective Plane Illumination Microscopy and specific fluorescent markers allows retrospective tracking of hair cell progenitors, and hence the derivation of their lineages within the primodium. It is shown that, because of its superior signal‐to‐noise ratio and lower photo‐damaged properties, SPIM can provide significantly higher‐quality images than Spinning Disk Confocal technology. This allows accurate 4D lineage tracing for the hair cells over tens of hours of primordium migration and neuromast development. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ab initio molecular geometry and anharmonic vibrational spectra of thiourea and thiourea‐d4
Authors: Kowal Andrzej T. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractPotential energy surface (PES) of thiourea, SC(NH2)2, has been searched for stable conformers under C1, Cs, C2, and C2v symmetry constraints by post‐Hartree–Fock ab initio methods with electron correlation level varying from second‐order Moeller–Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) to quadratic configuration interaction with single and double excitations (QCISD) and basis sets of double‐ and triple‐zeta quality within 6‐31+G(d,p) to aug‐cc‐pVTZ range. Thiourea conformers of C2 and Cs symmetry have been found as stationary points on the PES with no imaginary frequencies at MP2/6‐31+G(d,p) level, whereas only the C2 conformer seems as true minimum when basis sets containing more polarization and/or diffuse functions were used. At QCISD/cc‐pVTZ level, only the C2 thiourea conformer has been found as true minimum on the PES. Anharmonic vibrational spectra of C2 conformers of thiourea and thiourea‐d4 have been computed by vibrational self‐consistent field (VSCF) and correlation‐corrected VSCF methods using quartic force field approximation at MP2/TZV+(2d,2p), and MP2/6‐311+G(3df,2p) level and direct approach at MP2/6‐31+G(2d,p) level. Both quartic force field and direct VSCF methods used PES expansion in curvilinear (internal) coordinates. Wavenumbers of fundamental, first overtone, and combination transitions of C2 symmetry conformer have been calculated for natural abundance thiourea and thiourea‐d4 isotopomer. Anharmonic corrections originating from mean field and mode coupling effects vary from 5 to 60 cm−1, whereas mode–mode correlation contribution seems significant in the case of ν(N‐H) stretching and δ(NH2) deformation modes (15–5 cm−1). Application of internal coordinates in the VSCF calculation results in slight underestimation of δ(NH2) deformation mode fundamentals and correct description of out‐of‐plane large‐amplitude τ(SCNH) modes. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011
Comparison of orally dissolving carbidopa/levodopa (Parcopa) to conventional oral carbidopa/levodopa: A single‐dose, double‐blind, double‐dummy, placebo‐controlled, crossover trial
Authors: Ondo William G. , Shinawi Lina , Moore Steven 
Published: October 2010

AbstractLevodopa use in fluctuating Parkinson's disease (PD) is complicated by an inconsistent and prolonged onset to clinical improvement. An orally dissolved carbidopa/levodopa (OD C/L) preparation (Parcopa UCB Pharma) is available in the United States. This offers potential advantages to shorten the duration from ingestion to clinical improvement. Surprisingly, this has never been clinically assessed. We tested 20 patients with fluctuating PD and a Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) “off” motor score of ≥25 in a 2‐day, single‐dose, double‐blind, double‐dummy, crossover study. Patients arrived in the morning in the practically defined “off” state and were randomly assigned to receive identical doses of either oral C/L and OD placebo or OD C/L and oral C/L placebo on 1st day and the reverse combination on a 2nd day. After training, patients underwent bilateral hand tapping at baseline and every 5 minutes for 60 minutes after dose ingestion. Stride length (SL) was recorded at 5‐minute intervals with an ambulatory gait monitor. Patients identified their subjective latency to “on” and noted drug preferences and adverse events. They also underwent a UPDRS motor examination at baseline and 60 minutes after dose. Twenty subjects [15 male, age 68.7 (9.7), PD duration 13.4 (6.8)] completed. There were no significant group differences in tapping speed, subjective time to “on,” latency of increased SL, or overall preference. However, all trends did favor OD C/L. Adverse events were similar. This small pilot study did not show significant group differences favoring OD C/L; however, larger studies may be justified, and individual patients may benefit. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Gender differences in Parkinson's disease: Clinical characteristics and cognition
Authors: Miller Ivy N. , Cronin‐Golomb Alice 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMore men than women are diagnosed with Parkinson's disease (PD), and a number of gender differences have been documented in this disorder. Examples of clinical characteristics that appear in men more often than women include rigidity and rapid eye movement behavior disorder, whereas more women than men exhibit dyskinesias and depression. Differences between men and women in cognition have not been extensively examined, though there are reports of deficits in men in aspects of cognition that contribute to activities of daily living, in verbal fluency, and in the recognition of facial emotion, and deficits in women in visuospatial cognition. Side of disease onset may interact with gender to affect cognitive abilities. One possible source of male‐female differences in the clinical and cognitive characteristics of PD is the effect of estrogen on dopaminergic neurons and pathways in the brain. This effect is not yet understood, as insight into how the fluctuation of estrogen over the lifetime affects the brain is currently limited. Further attention to this area of research will be important for accurate assessment and better management of PD. Attention should also be directed to multiple covariates that may affect clinical characteristics and cognition. Knowledge about differences in the presentation of PD symptoms in men and women and about the pathophysiology underlying those differences may enhance the accuracy and effectiveness of clinical assessment and treatment of the disease. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Carbazole end‐capped pyrene starburst with enhanced electrochemical stability and device performance
Authors: Liu Feng , Zou Jian‐hua , He Qi‐yuan , Tang Chao , Xie Ling‐hai , Peng Bo , Wei Wei , Cao Yong , Huang Wei 
Published: October 2010

AbstractCarbazole end‐capped starburst molecule based on pyrene core “4CzFP” was synthesized and characterized. The starburst material shows good film‐forming ability and bright blue fluorescence. In cyclic voltammetry test, 4CzFP shows a high highest occupied molecular orbital energy level of −5.26 eV, indicating it has good hole‐injection ability. The material is quite stable under series of cyclic voltammetry scans, implying its good electrochemical stability. Single‐layered electroluminescent device takes on stable blue emission with a peak current efficiency of 0.84 cd/A. Double‐layered device by adding Poly(N‐vinylcarbazole) (PVK) as a hole‐injection layer does not show any improvement, indicating that 4CzFP could be efficiently used as the hole‐injection/light‐emitting layer. The device performance is largely improved by adding a thin TPBI electron‐injection/transporting layer. The peak efficiency reaches 3.28 cd/A and the maximum brightness is over 2200 cd/m2. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010
Optically active polyacrylamides bearing an oxazoline pendant: Influence of stereoregularity on both chiroptical properties and chiral recognition
Authors: Lu Wei , Lou Liping , Hu Fangyu , Jiang LiMing , Shen Zhiquan 
Published: October 2010

AbstractEnantiopure acrylamide derivatives, N‐[o‐(4‐methyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐1,3‐oxazol‐2‐yl) phenyl]acrylamide (MeOPAM), N‐[o‐(4‐isopropyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐1,3‐oxazol‐2‐yl)phenyl]acrylamide (PriOPAM), and N‐[o‐(4‐phenyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐1,3‐oxazol‐2‐yl)phenyl]acrylamide (PhOPAM), were synthesized and radically polymerized in the presence of rare earth metal trifluoromethanesulfonates (Ln(OTf)3, Ln = La, Nd, Sm, and Y) to yield corresponding optically active polymers. Among these Lewis acids, Y(OTf)3 was found to be most effective for increasing the isotactic specificity during the radical polymerizations when using n‐butanol as solvent. Also, the effect of the Lewis acids was significantly influenced by the ratio of Ln(OTf)3 to monomer. The relationship of both chiroptical property and the chiral recognition with the stereoregularity was then examined for the resulting polymers having various tacticity by spectroscopic techniques such as NMR, fluorescence, and circular dichroism. The results indicated that the polymers rich in isotacticity exhibited a favorable enantioselective discrimination ability toward 1,1′‐bi‐2‐naphthol as evidenced by 1H NMR study, where the characteristic hydroxyl proton signal was split into two peaks that ascribed respectively to the levo‐ and dextro‐isomer; furthermore, the splitting magnitude was linearly correlated with the diad isotacticity of the polymers. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010
Guidance for safety performance indicators
Authors: Louvar J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAt a recent PSP Editorial Review Board meeting, the Board recommended that we periodically include an article that summarizes some major findings from safety bulletins and articles. This particular summary focuses on safety performance indicators.Industry has found that the traditional emphasis on personnel safety will not prevent the low probability and high consequence process accidents. Process accidents are prevented by identifying, measuring, analyzing, and adjusting key process activities or indicators. The development of a safety performance indicator program is an important management responsibility that will prevent process accidents.The motivation for and methods to develop an effective safety performance indicator program are discussed in this article. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2010
Wind energy literature survey no. 18
Authors: Henriksen Lars Christian 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAs a service to readers, Wind Energy regularly conducts literature surveys and publishes lists of relevant articles drawn from recent issues of a large number of periodicals including: Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, International Journal of Energy Research, Renewable Energy, Energy Sources, Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Journal, Electric Power Components and Systems along with a number of periodicals published by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, etc. The list is limited exclusively to journals not specifically devoted to wind energy and its applications. To assist the reader, the list is separated into broad categories. Although many papers fit several categories, each paper is listed only once under the category thought most appropriate. Please note that the inclusion in the list is not an endorsement of a paper's quality. Please e‐mail any suggestions to corresponding author.
Discoid Bicelles as Efficient Templates for Pillared Lamellar Periodic Mesoporous Silicas at pH 7 and Ultrafast Reaction Times
Authors: Mohanty Paritosh , Lee Jinwoo , Glover Kerney Jebrell , Landskron Kai 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
We report the first synthesis of periodic mesoporous silicas templated by bicelles. The obtained materials form novel pillared lamellar structures with a high degree of periodic order, narrow pore size distributions, and exceptionally high surface areas.