bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The accuracy of prehospital triage decisions in English trauma networks – a case-cohort study
Authors: Fuller G. , Baird J. , Keating S. , Miller J. , Pilbery R. , Kean N. , McKnee K. , Turner J. , Lecky F. , Edwards A. , Rosser A. , Fothergill R. , Black S. , Bell F. , Smyth M. , Smith JE. , Perkins GD. , Herbert E. , Walters S. , Cooper C. ,   the MATTS research group, Maconochie Ian , Ward Mathew , Millins Mark , Turton Emily , Waterhouse Simon , Stevenson Matt , Pollard Daniel , Pandor Abdullah , Robinson Maria , Reid Stuart , Charles Di 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Care for injured patients in England is provided by inclusive regional trauma networks. Ambulance services use triage tools to identify patients with major trauma who would benefit from expedited Major Trauma Centre (MTC) care. However, there has been no investigation of triage performance, despite its role in ensuring effective and efficient MTC care. This study aimed to investigate the accuracy of prehospital major trauma triage in representative English trauma networks.

Methods
A diagnostic case-cohort study was performed between November 2019 and February 2020 in 4 English regional trauma networks as part of the Major Trauma Triage Study (MATTS). Consecutive patients with acute injury presenting to participating ambulance services were included, together with all reference standard positive cases, and matched to data from the English national major trauma database. The index test was prehospital provider triage decision making, with a positive result defined as patient transport with a pre-alert call to the MTC. The primary reference standard was a consensus definition of serious injury that would benefit from expedited major trauma centre care. Secondary analyses explored different reference standards and compared theoretical triage tool accuracy to real-life triage decisions.

Results
The complete-case case-cohort sample consisted of 2,757 patients, including 959 primary reference standard positive patients. The prevalence of major trauma meeting the primary reference standard definition was 3.1% (n=54/1,722, 95% CI 2.3 – 4.0). Observed prehospital provider triage decisions demonstrated overall sensitivity of 46.7% (n=446/959, 95% CI 43.5-49.9) and specificity of 94.5% (n=1,703/1,798, 95% CI 93.4-95.6) for the primary reference standard. There was a clear trend of decreasing sensitivity and increasing specificity from younger to older age groups. Prehospital provider triage decisions commonly differed from the theoretical triage tool result, with ambulance service clinician judgement resulting in higher specificity.

Conclusions
Prehospital decision making for injured patients in English trauma networks demonstrated high specificity and low sensitivity, consistent with the targets for cost-effective triage defined in previous economic evaluations. Actual triage decisions differed from theoretical triage tool results, with a decreasing sensitivity and increasing specificity from younger to older ages.
Chromatin profiling and state predictions reveal insights into epigenetic regulation during early porcine development
Authors: Innis Sarah M. , Cabot Ryan A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Given their physiological similarities to humans, pigs are increasingly used as model organisms in human-oriented biomedical studies. Additionally, their value to animal agriculture across the globe has led to the development of numerous studies to investigate how to improve livestock welfare and production efficiency. As such, pigs are uniquely poised as compelling models that can yield findings with potential implications in both human and animal contexts. Despite this, many gaps remain in our knowledge about the foundational mechanisms that govern gene expression in swine across different developmental stages, particularly in early development. To address some of these gaps, we profiled the histone marks H3K4me3, H3K27ac, and H3K27me3 and the SWI/SNF central ATPase BRG1 in two porcine cell lines representing discrete early developmental time points and used the resulting information to construct predicted chromatin state maps for these cells. We combined this approach with analysis of publicly available RNA-seq data to examine the relationship between epigenetic status and gene expression in these cell types.

Results
In porcine fetal fibroblast (PFF) and trophectoderm cells (PTr2), we saw expected patterns of enrichment for each of the profiled epigenetic features relative to specific genomic regions. H3K4me3 was primarily enriched at and around global gene promoters, H3K27ac was enriched in promoter and intergenic regions, H3K27me3 had broad stretches of enrichment across the genome and narrower enrichment patterns in and around the promoter regions of some genes, and BRG1 primarily had detectable enrichment at and around promoter regions and in intergenic stretches, with many instances of H3K27ac co-enrichment. We used this information to perform genome-wide chromatin state predictions for 10 different states using ChromHMM. Using the predicted chromatin state maps, we identified a subset of genomic regions marked by broad H3K4me3 enrichment, and annotation of these regions revealed that they were highly associated with essential developmental processes and consisted largely of expressed genes. We then compared the identities of the genes marked by these regions to genes identified as cell-type-specific using transcriptome data and saw that a subset of broad H3K4me3-marked genes was also specifically expressed in either PFF or PTr2 cells.

Conclusions
These findings enhance our understanding of the epigenetic landscape present in early swine development and provide insight into how variabilities in chromatin state are linked to cell identity. Furthermore, this data captures foundational epigenetic details in two valuable porcine cell lines and contributes to the growing body of knowledge surrounding the epigenetic landscape in this species.
Taekwondo win-loss determining factors using data mining-based decision tree analysis: focusing on game analysis for evidence-based coaching
Authors: Jeon Minsoo , Lim Hyosung 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Purpose In this study, the purpose of this study is to identify the determinants of winning and losing in taekwondo by applying decision tree analysis, one of the data mining techniques, based on the 2022 World taekwondo championships women’s competition.

Methods
272 women’s games in the taekwondo championships in Guadalajara held by the WT in 2022 were used. For data processing, an independent sample t-test was performed for differences in game content variables according to the win/lose group, and a decision tree analysis was performed to confirm game content variables affecting the win/lose group. To check the predictive power of the model, classification accuracy, standard error, and misclassification estimates were calculated. All statistical significance levels were set at 0.05.

Results
First, it was found that there was no statistically significant difference only in body attack (attempt) and number of kicking variables according to the winning and losing groups(p > .05), and there were differences in all other game content variables(p < .05). Second, as a result of conducting a decision tree analysis to confirm the determinants of winning and losing in taekwondo sparring, winning situation, tie situation, and number of kicks were identified as important variables.

Conclusion
The World taekwondo championships are analyzed in the currently changed taekwondo competition rules to identify important factors, and at the same time, based on this, data-based coaching is expected to improve performance.
Managers’ attitudes to depression and the association with their rating of how work capacity is affected in employees with common mental disorders
Authors: Hultqvist Jenny , Hensing Gunnel , Björk Lisa , Bertilsson Monica 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Objective
This explorative, cross-sectional study assessed the association between managers’ attitudes to employee depression and their rating of how common mental disorders (CMDs) affect employee work capacity.

Results
A principal component analysis was performed for the nine variables concerning managers’ rating of how CMDs can affect work capacity among employees. The analysis resulted in two factors: task-oriented- and relational work capacity. The result of the multivariate analysis of covariance showed a p value of 0.014 (Pillai’s trace) indicating a statistically significant association between managers’ attitudes towards employee depression and managers’ rating of how CMDs affect work capacity. The association was significant for both factors as indicated by the p value of 0.024 for task-oriented work capacity and the p value of 0.007 for relational work capacity. The R2 value was 0.022 for task-oriented work capacity and 0.017 for relational work capacity. We assumed that negative attitudes towards employee depression would be associated with a perception of decreased work capacity among employees with CMDs. The results showed a significant association; however, the effect (~ 2%) was small. Further studies of manager’s attitudes and other possible determinants of managers’ rating of CMD-related work capacity are needed to better understand these factors.
Experimental colitis in young Tg2576 mice accelerates the onset of an Alzheimer’s-like clinical phenotype
Authors: Lorenzini Luca , Zanella Lorenzo , Sannia Michele , Baldassarro Vito Antonio , Moretti Marzia , Cescatti Maura , Quadalti Corinne , Baldi Simone , Bartolucci Gianluca , Di Gloria Leandro , Ramazzotti Matteo , Clavenzani Paolo , Costanzini Anna , De Giorgio Roberto , Amedei Amedeo , Calzà Laura , Giardino Luciana 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSystemic inflammation and neuroinflammation affect the natural course of the sporadic form of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), as supported by epidemiological and preclinical data, and several epidemiological studies indicate a higher prevalence of AD in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. In this study, we explored whether colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in young, presymptomatic/preplaque mice worsens and/or anticipates age-dependent cognitive impairment in Tg2576, a widely used mouse model of AD. We demonstrated that DSS colitis induced in young Tg2576 mice anticipates the onset age of learning and memory deficit in the Morris water maze test. To explore potential mechanisms behind the acceleration of cognitive decline in Tg2576 mice by DSS colitis, we focused on gut microbiota, systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation markers. We observed a Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio change in Tg2576 DSS animals comparable to that of elderly Tg2576 mice, suggesting accelerated microbiota aging in Tg2576 DSS mice, a change not observed in C57BL6 DSS mice. We also observed substantial differences between Tg2576 and WT mice in several inflammation and neuroinflammation-related parameters as early as 3 months of age, well before plaque deposition, a picture which evolved rapidly (between 3 and 5.5 months of age) in contrast to Tg2576 and WT littermates not treated with DSS. In detail, following induction of DSS colitis, WT and Tg2576 mice exhibited contrasting features in the expression level of inflammation-evoked astrocyte-associated genes in the hippocampus. No changes in microglial features occurred in the hippocampus between the experimental groups, whereas a reduced glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity was observed in Tg2576 vs. WT mice. This finding may reflect an atrophic, “loss-of-function” profile, further exacerbated by DSS where a decreased of GFAP mRNA expression level was detected. In conclusion, we suggest that as-yet unidentified peripheral mediators evoked by DSS colitis and involving the gut-brain axis emphasize an astrocyte “loss-of-function” profile present in young Tg2576 mice, leading to impaired synaptic morphological and functional integrity as a very early sign of AD.
Human Muse cells isolated from preterm- and term-umbilical cord delivered therapeutic effects in rat bleomycin-induced lung injury model without immunosuppressant
Authors: Win Kaung Htet Nay , Kushida Yoshihiro , Yamana Keiji , Iwatani Sota , Yoshida Makiko , Nino Nanako , Mon Cho Yee , Ohsaki Hiroyuki , Kamoshida Shingo , Fujioka Kazumichi , Dezawa Mari , Nishimura Noriyuki 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung injury is characterized by mixed histopathologic changes with inflammation and fibrosis, such as observed in human patients with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Although no curative therapies for these lung diseases exist, stem cell therapy has emerged as a potential therapeutic option. Multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring (Muse) cells are endogenous pluripotent- and macrophage-like stem cells distributed in various adult and fetal tissues as stage-specific embryonic antigen-3-positive cells. They selectively home to damaged tissue by sensing sphingosine-1-phosphate and replace the damaged/apoptotic cells by in vivo differentiation. Clinical trials for some human diseases suggest the safety and therapeutic efficacy of intravenously injected human leukocyte antigen-mismatched allogenic Muse cells from adult bone marrow (BM) without immunosuppressant. Here, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of human Muse cells from preterm and term umbilical cord (UC), and adult BM in a rat BLM-induced lung injury model.

Methods
Rats were endotracheally administered BLM to induce lung injury on day 0. On day 3, human preterm UC-Muse, term UC-Muse, or adult BM-Muse cells were administered intravenously without immunosuppressants, and rats were subjected to histopathologic analysis on day 21. Body weight, serum surfactant protein D (SP-D) levels, and oxygen saturation (SpO2) were monitored. Histopathologic lung injury scoring by the Ashcroft and modified American Thoracic Society document scales, quantitative characterization of engrafted Muse cells, RNA sequencing analysis, and in vitro migration assay of infused Muse cells were performed.

Results
Rats administered preterm- and term-UC-Muse cells exhibited a significantly better recovery based on weight loss, serum SP-D levels, SpO2, and histopathologic lung injury scores, and a significantly higher rate of both Muse cell homing to the lung and alveolar marker expression (podoplanin and prosurfactant protein-C) than rats administered BM-Muse cells. Rats receiving preterm-UC-Muse cells showed statistically superior results to those receiving term-UC-Muse cells in many of the measures. These findings are thought to be due to higher expression of genes related to cell migration, lung differentiation, and cell adhesion.

Conclusion
Preterm UC-Muse cells deliver more efficient therapeutic effects than term UC- and BM-Muse cells for treating BLM-induced lung injury in a rat model.
A microcosting approach for planning and implementing community-based mental health prevention programs: what does it cost?
Authors: Roy Sharmily , Brown Henry Shelton , Blinn Lisa Sanger , Narendorf Sarah Carter , Hamilton Jane E. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Estimating program costs when planning community-based mental health programs can be burdensome. Our aim was to retrospectively document the cost for the first year of planning and implementing Healthy Minds Healthy Communities (HMHC), a mental health promotion and prevention multi-level intervention initiative. This Program is among the first to use the Community Initiated Care (CIC) model in the US and is aimed at building community resilience and the capacity for communities to provide mental health support, particularly among those disproportionately impacted by COVID-19. Our objective is to share our methods for costing a program targeting 10 zip codes that are ethnically and linguistically diverse and provide an example for estimating the cost of a mental health prevention and promotion programs consisting of multiple evidence-based interventions.

Methods
We used a semi-structured interview process to collect cost data through the first year of program planning, start-up and initial implementation from key staff. We calculated costs for each activity, grouped them by major project categories, and identified the cost drivers of each category. We further validated cost estimates through extensive literature review. The cost analysis was done from the provider’s perspective, which included the implementing agency and its community partners. We delineated costs that were in-kind contributions to the program by other agency, and community partners. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to estimate uncertainty around parameters.

Results
For the first year of the development and implementation of the program, (funded through program and in-kind) is estimated at $1,382,669 (2022 US$). The costs for the three main activity domains for this project are: project management $135,822, community engagement $364,216 and design and execution $756,934. Overall, the cost drivers for the first year of this intervention were: hiring and onboarding staff, in-person community building/learning sessions, communications and marketing, and intervention delivery.

Conclusion
Implementation of community-based mental health promotion and prevention programs, when utilizing a participatory approach, requires a significant amount of upfront investment in program planning and development. A large proportion of this investment tends to be human capital input. Developing partnerships is a successful strategy for defraying costs.
Family centeredness of care: a cross-sectional study in intensive care units part of the European society of intensive care medicine
Authors: Azoulay Élie , Kentish-Barnes Nancy , Boulanger Carole , Mistraletti Giovanni , van Mol Margo , Heras-La Calle Gabriel , Estenssoro Elisa , van Heerden Peter Vernon , Delgado Maria-Cruz Martin , Perner Anders , Arabi Yaseen M , Myatra Sheila Nainan , Laake Jon Henrik , De Waele Jan J. , Darmon Michael , Cecconi Maurizio 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To identify key components and variations in family-centered care practices.

Methods
A cross-sectional study, conducted across ESICM members. Participating ICUs completed a questionnaire covering general ICU characteristics, visitation policies, team-family interactions, and end-of-life decision-making. The primary outcome, self-rated family-centeredness, was assessed using a visual analog scale. Additionally, respondents completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the Ethical Decision Making Climate Questionnaire to capture burnout dimensions and assess the ethical decision-making climate.

Results
The response rate was 53% (respondents from 359/683 invited ICUs who actually open the email); participating healthcare professionals (HCPs) were from Europe (62%), Asia (9%), South America (6%), North America (5%), Middle East (4%), and Australia/New Zealand (4%). The importance of family-centeredness was ranked high, median 7 (IQR 6–8) of 10 on VAS. Significant differences were observed across quartiles of family centeredness, including in visitation policies availability of a waiting rooms, family rooms, family information leaflet, visiting hours, night visits, sleep in the ICU, and in team-family interactions, including daily information, routine day-3 conference, and willingness to empower nurses and relatives. Higher family centeredness correlated with family involvement in rounds, participation in patient care and end-of-life practices. Burnout symptoms (41% of respondents) were negatively associated with family-centeredness. Ethical climate and willingness to empower nurses were independent predictors of family centeredness.

Conclusions
This study emphasizes the need to prioritize healthcare providers’ mental health for enhanced family-centered care. Further research is warranted to assess the impact of improving the ethical climate on family-centeredness.
A network meta-analysis on responses of forest soil carbon concentration to interventions
Authors: Shen Kaihui , Li Lin , Wei Shiguang , Liu Jiarun , Zhao Yi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Forests play a crucial role in absorbing CO2 from the atmosphere. 55% of the carbon in terrestrial ecosystems is stored in forests, with the majority of forest carbon stored in soil. To better understand soil organic carbon (SOC) of forests and to access interventions that affect their SOC concentration, we conducted a comparative analysis between natural and planted forests. Forest interventions refer to the actions taken by humans to manage, protect, or transform forests, and can be divided into two main categories: environmental intervention and anthropogenic intervention. This study focused on the effects of different interventions on SOC in natural and planted forests by reviewing a total of 75 randomized controlled trials in the global literature and extracting a total of 15 different interventions.

Results
Through network meta-analysis, we found that natural forests have 22.3% higher SOC than planted forests, indicating their stronger carbon storage function. In natural forests, environmental interventions have a stronger impact. SOC is significantly influenced by forest age, fertilization, and elevation. In planted forests, however, anthropogenic interventions have a stronger impact. Pruning branches and fertilization are effective interventions for planted forests. Furthermore, forest degradation has a significantly negative impact on SOC in planted forests.

Conclusion
Overall, interventions to enhance soil carbon storage function differ between natural and planted forests. To address global climate change, protect biodiversity, and achieve sustainable development, it is imperative to globally protect forests and employ scientifically sound forest management practices. Regarding natural forests, the emphasis should be on comprehending the effects of environmental interventions on SOC. Conversely, concerning planted forests, the emphasis should be on comprehending the effects of anthropogenic interventions.