bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening for those at risk for anxiety and depression warranting further clinical evaluation among patients presenting to breast services: a single-centre, cross-sectional study
Authors: Husain Sakina , Rao Shilpa , Suresh Sridhar , Jesudoss Kevin Victor Albert , Krishna Balamurali , Raj Jeffrey Pradeep 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesStudies show that anxiety and depression are widespread across patients presenting to outpatient services for medical illnesses. We expect similar or even higher prevalence in patients with breast complaints owing to the relevance of breasts in terms of sexuality, identity and confidence. Thus, this study was proposed to estimate the prevalence and identify risk factors for being at risk for anxiety and depression in patients seeking breast services.DesignDescriptive, cross-sectional study.SettingTertiary care teaching hospital in Mumbai, Western India.ParticipantsPatients seeking breast services for either benign or malignant conditions.Outcome measuresProportion of those at risk for clinical depression (defined as a score of ≥10 on Patient Health Questionnaire-9) and proportion of those at risk for clinical anxiety warranting further clinical evaluation (defined as a score of ≥10 on Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7) and their predictors.ResultsA total of 208 patients were screened, and 192 consenting patients were enrolled. The prevalence of those at risk for anxiety requiring further clinical evaluation was 46.4% (95% CI 39.2% to 53.7%) and for those at risk for major depression that warrants further clinical evaluation by a mental health provider was 29.7% (95% CI 23.3% to 36.7%). The predictors of anxiety were age (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.053; 95% CI 1.024 to 1.083; p<0.001) and postmenopausal status (aOR 2.475; 95% CI 1.200 to 5.103; p=0.014). The predictors of depression were age (aOR 0.954; 95% CI 1.927 to 0.981; p=0.001) and rural place of residence (aOR 2.362; 95% CI 1.023 to 5.433; p=0.044).ConclusionsThere is a high prevalence of being at risk for anxiety and depression among patients who seek breast services warranting further clinical evaluation. The predictors of being at risk for anxiety were higher age and postmenopausal status, and for those at risk for depression were young age and residing in rural areas.
Perception and needs: a qualitative study on sense of job security among nurses in central and western China
Authors: Xiong Wanhong , Liao Changju , Zhang Cuicui , Liang Yufen , Xiong Wanfen , Zhu Aiqun 
Published: April 2024

AimsTo explore nurses’ perceptions of sense of job security and their needs to improve it.DesignA descriptive qualitative study employed an in-depth, in-person interview from February to April in 2021. The data analysis software NVivo V.11.0 was used to assist with the data organisation, and content analysis methods were conducted to explore key concepts.SettingThree tertiary hospitals in central and western China were selected by convenience sampling method.ParticipantsA total of 20 nurses participated in this study.ResultsFour categories and 13 subcategories were extracted. The four main categories included: (1) enrich connotation of sense of job security; 2) challenges to sense of job security; (3) consequences of a sense of insecurity; and (4) the need to improve nurses’ sense of job security.ConclusionsNurses expressed a multidimensional perception of a sense of security about the nursing profession, and they highlighted the importance of communication skills training and supervisors’ humanistic care and support. It is necessary to improve the training system for nurses' ability improvement, a harmonious work environment, policies and psychological health support to enhance their sense of job security.
Effect of acyclovir therapy on the outcome of mechanically ventilated patients with lower respiratory tract infection and detection of herpes simplex virus in bronchoalveolar lavage: protocol for a multicentre, randomised controlled trial (HerpMV)
Authors: Hagel Stefan , Brillinger Nicole , Decker Sebastian , Deja Maria , Ertmer Christian , Fiedler Sandra , Franken Philipp , Heim Markus , Weigand Markus A , Zarbock Alexander , Pletz Mathias W 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionHerpes simplex virus (HSV) is frequently detected in the respiratory tract of mechanically ventilated patients and is associated with a worse outcome. The aim of this study is to determine whether antiviral therapy in HSV-positive patients improves outcome.Methods and analysisProspective, multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled trial in parallel-group design. Adult, mechanically ventilated patients with pneumonia and HSV type 1 detected in bronchoalveolar lavage (≥105copies/mL) are eligible for participation and will be randomly allocated (1:1) to receive acyclovir (10 mg/kg body weight every 8 hours) for 10 days (or until discharge from the intensive care unit if earlier) or no intervention (control group). The primary outcome is mortality measured at day 30 after randomisation (primary endpoint) and will be analysed with Cox mixed-effects model. Secondary endpoints include ventilator-free and vasopressor-free days up to day 30. A total of 710 patients will be included in the trial.Ethics and disseminationThe trial was approved by the responsible ethics committee and by Germany’s Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices. The clinical trial application wassubmittedunder the newClinical TrialsRegulation throughCTIS(The Clinical Trials Information System). In this process, only one ethics committee, whose name is unknown to the applicant, and Germany’s Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices are involved throughout the entire approval process. Results will be published in a journal indexed in MEDLINE and CTIS. With publication, de-identified, individual participant data will be made available to researchers.Trial registration numberNCT06134492.
The impact of social media interventions on eating behaviours and diet in adolescents and young adults: a mixed methods systematic review protocol
Authors: Tang Hao , Spreckley Marie , van Sluijs Esther , Ahern Amy L , Smith Andrea D 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionAdolescents and young adults are susceptible population when it comes to healthy eating and dietary behaviours. The increasing use of social media by this age group presents a unique opportunity to promote healthy eating habits. Social media has become a popular platform for promoting health interventions, particularly among young people. However, there is a lack of consensus on the effectiveness of social media interventions in this population. This mixed-method systematic review aims to synthesise the available evidence on the impact of social media interventions on healthy eating behaviours among young people, their qualitative views and user experiences, and the intervention characteristics, behaviour change theories and techniques used to promote healthy eating.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a comprehensive search of seven electronic databases, including ASSIA, Cochrane Library, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus and Web of Science. The search strategy will use a combination of Medical Subject Headings terms and keywords covering three domains: social media, eating behaviours and young people. The search will be limited to peer-reviewed published papers in any language, published from 2000. Three independent reviewers will screen studies based on predetermined eligibility criteria. Data will be extracted and analysed using a convergent segregated mixed-method approach. We will use random-effect meta-analysis or Synthesis Without Meta-analysis for quantitative data and thematic synthesis for qualitative data. Finally, narrative synthesis using concurrent triangulation will be used to bring together the results of the mixed-method data analysis to provide a comprehensive and integrated understanding of the impact and other features of social media interventions. This systematic review will adhere to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required since this systematic review will not collect original data. The outcomes of this review will be shared through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations and will contribute to the PhD thesis of the primary author.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023414476.
Outcome, predictors and longitudinal trajectories of subjects with critical illness polyneuropathy and myopathy (CINAMOPS): study protocol of an observational cohort study in a clinical and post-clinical setting
Authors: Bergmann Jeannine , Egger Marion , Müller Friedemann , Jahn Klaus 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionCritical illness polyneuropathy and myopathy (CIP/CIM) are frequent complications in the intensive care unit (ICU) with major consequences for the progress and outcome of subjects. CIP/CIM delays the weaning process, prolongs the hospital stay and increases the mortality rate. Additionally, it may have long-term consequences beyond the hospitalisation phase with prolonged disability. Even though there is growing interest in CIP/CIM, research about the clinical and post-clinical course as well as the middle-term and long-term outcomes of subjects with CIP/CIM is scarce. A large prospective study of critically ill subjects is needed with accurate diagnosis during the acute stage and comprehensive assessment during long-term follow-up.Methods and analysisThis prospective observational cohort study aims to compare the clinical and post-clinical course of chronically critically ill subjects with and without the diagnosis of CIP/CIM and to determine predictors for the middle-term and long-term outcomes of subjects with CIP/CIM. In addition, the influence of the preclinical health status and the preclinical frailty on the long-term outcome of subjects with CIP/CIM will be investigated.This single-centre study will include 250 critically ill patients who were invasively ventilated for at least 5 days at the ICU and show reduced motor strength. At five study visits at admission and discharge to neurological rehabilitation, and 12, 18 and 24 months after disease onset, a comprehensive test battery will be applied including assessments of functioning and impairment, independence, health-related quality of life, activity and participation, cognition, gait and balance, fatigue, mental health and frailty.Secondary objectives are the documentation of therapy goals, therapy content and achieved milestones during the rehabilitation, to evaluate the clinimetric properties of the Mini-BESTest in critically ill patients, and to evaluate the time course and outcome of subjects with CIP/CIM after SARS-CoV-2 infection.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the ethical committee of the Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich. Participants will be included in the study after having signed informed consent.Results will be published in scientific, peer-reviewed journals and at national and international conferences.Trial registration numberGerman Clinical Trial Register (DRKS00021753).
Does stereotactic thrombolysis with alteplase for intracerebral haemorrhage alter intraventricular haematoma volume? A secondary analysis of the MISTIE-III trial
Authors: Sun Philip , Badihian Shervin , Avadhani Radhika , Walborn Nathan , Yarava Anusha , Alimoradi Donya , Awad Issam , Hanley Daniel , Murthy Santosh , Ziai Wendy 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundStereotactic thrombolysis reduces intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) volume in patients with spontaneous ICH. Whether intrahaematomal alteplase administration is associated with a change in intraventricular haemorrhage volume (deltaIVH) and functional outcomes is unknown.MethodsPost hoc secondary analysis of the Minimally Invasive Surgery plus Alteplase for Intracerebral Hemorrhage Evacuation Phase III (MISTIE-III) trial in patients with IVH on the stability CT scan. Exposure was minimally invasive surgery plus alteplase (MIS+alteplase). Primary outcome was deltaIVH defined as IVH volume on end-of-treatment CT minus IVH volume on stability CT scan. Secondary outcomes were favourable functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale 0–3) and mortality at 365 days. We assessed the relationship between MIS+alteplase and deltaIVH in the primary analysis using multivariable linear regression, and between deltaIVH and functional outcomes in secondary analyses using multiple logistic regression.ResultsOf 499 patients in MISTIE-III, 310 (62.1%) had IVH on stability scans; mean age (SD) was 61.2±12.3 years. A total of 146 (47.1%) received the MISTIE procedure and 164 (52.9%) standard medical care (SMC) only. The MIS+alteplase group had a greater mean reduction in IVH volume compared with the SMC group (deltaIVH: −2.35 (5.30) mL vs −1.15 (2.96) mL, p=0.02). While IVH volume decreased significantly in both treatment groups, in the primary analysis, MIS+alteplase was associated with greater deltaIVH in multivariable linear regression analysis adjusted for potential confounders (β −0.80; 95% CI −1.37 to −0.22, p=0.007). Secondary analysis demonstrated no associations between IVH reduction and functional outcomes (adjusted OR (aOR) for poor outcome 1.02; 95% CI 0.96 to 1.08, p=0.61; aOR for mortality 0.99; 95% CI 0.92 to 1.06, p=0.77).ConclusionsAlteplase delivered into the ICH in MISTIE-III subjects with IVH was associated with a small reduction in IVH volume. This reduction did not translate into a significant benefit in mortality or functional outcomes at 365 days.Trial registration numberNCT01827046.
Low-fat cheese ameliorates glucose intolerance and normalizes insulin secretion in a rat model of type 2 diabetes by promoting β-cell recovery
Authors: Hanning Anik R.Z. , Hassanabad Mortaza Fatehi , Hashemi Zohre , Wang Xiaofeng , Chan Catherine B. 
Published: April 2024

We aimed to determine if cheese could reduce glucose intolerance in aged rats with overt type 2 diabetes (T2D). Male Sprague-Dawley rats treated with high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ) to elicit T2D were hyperglycemic. One week after STZ injection, low-fat (LOW) or regular-fat (REG) cheese was provided for 5 weeks and compared with T2D and low-fat diet reference (REF) groups. Food intake and weight gain were similar in all groups. Oral glucose tolerance tests revealed glucose intolerance in T2D rats that was partially ameliorated by LOW but not REG. Insulin secretion during the oral glucose tolerance test was impaired in T2D and REG at 10 min ( p < 0.05) but the iAUC was highly variable in all groups and statistical differences were not detected ( p > 0.05). β-cell mass and pancreatic insulin content in T2D and REG were 50% lower than REF ( p < 0.05), whereas LOW was not significantly different. Although isolated islets from all groups responded to glucose, the absolute amount of insulin secreted by T2D and REG was markedly reduced compared with REF, while LOW islets had relatively normal secretion. In conclusion, LOW but not REG cheese enhanced β-cell recovery from HFD/STZ treatment that led to amelioration of glucose tolerance within 5 weeks.
Investigation of transport properties of graphene Dirac fluid by holographic two-current axion coupling model
Authors: Liu Cai-e , Zhang Shao-guang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRecently, there has been great interest in the phenomenon of severe violation of the Wiedemann–Franz law in graphene Dirac fluids around 75 K, due to the strong coupling relativistic plasma near the neutral point, where traditional perturbation theory fails. To explain this phenomenon, this article proposes a holographic dual two-current axion coupling model, describing the interaction between electrons and holes in graphene near the charge neutrality point (CNP) and revealing the related physical mechanism. The study shows that the holographic two-current model aligns with experimental results at 100 $$\upmu $$
μ
m$$^{-2}$$

-
2

, and correctly predicts conductivity as temperature increases. Additionally, the article explores the behavior of $$\beta +\gamma $$

β
+
γ

and its impact on conductivity and thermal conductivity. The results suggest a frictional effect between electrons and holes. Consequently, this study provides us with a clearer understanding of the properties of graphene Dirac fluids and further confirms the reliability of the holographic duality method.
COMPARISON OF VARIOUS FISCAL POLICIES IN THE FACE OF DIFFERENT DEMOGRAPHIC STAGES
Authors: YOSHINO NAOYUKI , KAMEDA KEIGO , MIYAMOTO HIROAKI , LU ZHENKUN 
Published: April 2024

This study examines the impact of aging on the effectiveness of various fiscal expenditures, including government consumption, one-time government transfers to households, public investment and R&D spending, using a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model. Our findings reveal that (1) Aging enhances the effects of the transfer on augmenting GDP. (2) Regardless of aging, R&D expenditure consistently stands out over all time spans, with younger society benefiting more. (3) Public investment ranks second among for different fiscal policies in the long run, while shows bigger impact in younger society. (4) One-time transfer has only a temporary effect and is the least effective in boosting GDP in both young and old societies. (5) Multipliers for public investment and R&D expenditure increase with the accumulation of public capital and TFP. Their multiplier of young society is larger than old society because impact on consumption is much more effective.
Radial behavior of Mahler functions
Authors: Poulet Marina , Rivoal Tanguy 
Published: April 2024

Many papers have been recently devoted to the study of the radial behavior as [Formula: see text] of transcendental r-Mahler functions holomorphic in the open unit disk. In particular, Bell and Coons showed in 2017 that, in a generic sense, r-Mahler functions behave like [Formula: see text] for some [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is a real analytic function of [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text]. They did not provide a formula for [Formula: see text] which was made explicit only in a few examples of r-Mahler functions of orders 1 and 2, and for specific values of r. In this paper, we first provide an explicit expression of [Formula: see text] as an exponential of a Fourier series in the variable [Formula: see text] for every r-Mahler function of order 1. Then, extending to a large setting a method introduced by Brent–Coons–Zudilin in 2016 to compute [Formula: see text] associated to the Dilcher–Stolarsky function (a 4-Mahler function of order 2 in [Formula: see text]), we provide an explicit expression of [Formula: see text] for every r-Mahler function of order 2 under mild assumptions on the coefficients in [Formula: see text] of the underlying r-Mahler equations. This applies in particular to the generating function of the Baum–Sweet sequence. We do the same for r-Mahler functions solutions of inhomogeneous Mahler equations of order 1.
Visual aspects of Gaussian periods and analogues
Authors: Platt Samantha 
Published: April 2024

Gaussian periods have been studied for centuries in the realms of number theory, field theory, cryptography, and elsewhere. However, it was only within the last decade or so that they began to be studied from a visual perspective. By plotting Gaussian periods in the complex plane, various interesting and insightful patterns emerge, leading to various conjectures and theorems about their properties. In this paper, we offer a description of Gaussian periods, along with examples of the structure that can occur when plotting them in the complex plane. In addition to this, we offer two ways in which this study can be generalized to other situations — one relating to supercharacter theory, the other relating to class field theory — along with discussions and visual examples of each.
End of the Cretaceous
Authors: Gulick Sean P. S. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The Cretaceous ended when the Chicxulub asteroid struck the Yucatán platform, and all deposits and landforms generated are earliest Paleocene in age. Drill core from the Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) boundary sequence deposited on top of the Chicxulub impact structure's peak ring paired with geophysical data within the crater and other well-preserved marine and terrestrial K–Pg boundary sites provide insight into impact processes and effects on Earth's ecosystems, in terms of extinction and recovery. Key findings as reviewed here are: (1) the confirmation of acoustic fluidization as a physical principle to explain impact structure formation; (2) the importance of the target rock properties and marine setting for impactite depositional processes and drivers of climate change; (3) the state of understanding of extinction mechanisms and ecological recovery; and (4) implications for impact-generated hydrothermal habitat creation. Areas highlighted for the next stages of discovery include: (1) physics and chemistry of impact vapour plumes and ejecta processes; (2) sampling of the K–Pg boundary deposit and impact melt sheet within the central basin of the impact structure; (3) examination of ecosystem recovery in an ‘Early Ocean’ scenario at a range of K–Pg boundary sites; and (4) experiments and observations of impact hydrothermal systems as habitats on Earth and other worlds.
Differentiable solver for time-dependent deformation problems with contact
Authors: Huang Zizhou , Tozoni Davi Colli , Gjoka Arvi , Ferguson Zachary , Schneider Teseo , Panozzo Daniele , Zorin Denis 
Published: April 2024

We introduce a general differentiable solver for time-dependent deformation problems with contact and friction. Our approach uses a finite element discretization with a high-order time integrator coupled with the recently proposed incremental potential contact method for handling contact and friction forces to solve ODE- and PDE-constrained optimization problems on scenes with complex geometry. It supports static and dynamic problems and differentiation with respect to all physical parameters involved in the physical problem description, which include shape, material parameters, friction parameters, and initial conditions. Our analytically derived adjoint formulation is efficient, with a small overhead (typically less than 10% for nonlinear problems) over the forward simulation, and shares many similarities with the forward problem, allowing the reuse of large parts of existing forward simulator code.
We implement our approach on top of the open-source PolyFEM library and demonstrate the applicability of our solver to shape design, initial condition optimization, and material estimation on both simulated results and physical validations.