bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Derivatives of Genistein, Their Properties and Possible Applications
Authors: Rusin Aleksandra , Krawczyk Zdzislaw , Grynkiewicz Grzegorz , Gogler Agnieszka , Zawisza‐Puchalka Jadwiga , Szeja Wieslaw 
Published: September 2010

AbstractReview: 127 refs.
Additive hazards regression with censoring indicators missing at random
Authors: Song Xinyuan , Sun Liuquan , Mu Xiaoyun , Dinse Gregg E. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn this article, the authors consider a semiparametric additive hazards regression model for right‐censored data that allows some censoring indicators to be missing at random. They develop a class of estimating equations and use an inverse probability weighted approach to estimate the regression parameters. Nonparametric smoothing techniques are employed to estimate the probability of non‐missingness and the conditional probability of an uncensored observation. The asymptotic properties of the resulting estimators are derived. Simulation studies show that the proposed estimators perform well. They motivate and illustrate their methods with data from a brain cancer clinical trial.The Canadian Journal of Statistics38: 333–351; 2010 © 2010 Statistical Society of Canada
Variability explained by covariates in linear mixed‐effect models for longitudinal data
Authors: Hu Bo , Shao Jun , Palta Mari 
Published: September 2010

AbstractVariability explained by covariates or explained variance is a well‐known concept in assessing the importance of covariates for dependent outcomes. In this paper we study R2 statistics of explained variance pertinent to longitudinal data under linear mixed‐effect models, where the R2 statistics are computed at two different levels to measure, respectively, within‐ and between‐subject variabilities explained by the covariates. By deriving the limits of R2 statistics, we find that the interpretation of explained variance for the existing R2 statistics is clear only in the case where the covariance matrix of the outcome vector is compound symmetric. Two new R2 statistics are proposed to address the effect of time‐dependent covariate means. In the general case where the outcome covariance matrix is not compound symmetric, we introduce the concept of compound symmetry projection and use it to define level‐one and level‐two R2 statistics. Numerical results are provided to support the theoretical findings and demonstrate the performance of the R2 statistics. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 38: 352–368; 2010 © 2010 Statistical Society of Canada
Empirical likelihood for the varying‐coefficient single‐index model
Authors: Huang Zhensheng , Zhang Riquan 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn this article the author investigates the application of the empirical‐likelihood‐based inference for the parameters of varying‐coefficient single‐index model (VCSIM). Unlike the usual cases, if there is no bias correction the asymptotic distribution of the empirical likelihood ratio cannot achieve the standard chi‐squared distribution. To this end, a bias‐corrected empirical likelihood method is employed to construct the confidence regions (intervals) of regression parameters, which have two advantages, compared with those based on normal approximation, that is, (1) they do not impose prior constraints on the shape of the regions; (2) they do not require the construction of a pivotal quantity and the regions are range preserving and transformation respecting. A simulation study is undertaken to compare the empirical likelihood with the normal approximation in terms of coverage accuracies and average areas/lengths of confidence regions/intervals. A real data example is given to illustrate the proposed approach.The Canadian Journal of Statistics38: 434–452; 2010 © 2010 Statistical Society of Canada
Bowen systems theory and mediation
Authors: Regina Wayne 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe field of mediation is largely technique‐ and process‐driven. In an effort to develop a more comprehensive theoretical system for mediation, this article applies Bowen Systems Theory to mediation. The article begins with a brief overview of the development of Bowen Systems Theory; it proceeds to define its central concepts, including differentiation, triangulation, and chronic anxiety; finally, the article applies these concepts to mediation and discusses the relationship between theory and technique, using caucusing and co‐mediation as examples. The article concludes that Bowen Systems Theory naturally extends to mediation, providing this field with a comprehensive theoretical system.
Improving mediator competence through self‐assessment
Authors: Bronson Sue 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis article presents a model to increase competency by combining performance‐based criteria and self‐reflection. This model outlines five common elements of mediation practice against a foundation of a mediator's presence and ethical behavior, along with specific case considerations. Mediator behaviors and questions for reflection guide practitioners in reviewing their practice. The goals of the suggested model are to improve mediators' skills and to integrate practice and theory while acknowledging and accommodating differences in orientation and style. Routine self‐assessment by mediators is recommended to improve competency (Lang and Taylor, 2000).
Implications of a diagnosis of anorexia nervosa in a ballet school
Authors: le Grange Daniel , Tibbs Jason , Noakes Timothy D. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractCompetitive pressures to achieve a slim body shape may be of importance in the etiology of eating disorders in ballet dancers. This study examines the presence of anorexia nervosa‐like symptoms in a group of 49 female ballet students (mean age = 18.9 years, SD ± 1.9). All students were assessed for certain physical (weight and height) and psychological (Eating Attitude Test [EAT]) indices at the start of their academic training year. Thereafter, all subjects who presented with anorexia nervosa‐like symptoms (EAT ≥ 30, and/or with current secondary amenorrhea or primary amenorrhea if aged 16 years or over) at the initial assessment, were invited for a semistructured interview (Morgan‐Russel scales) to determine their diagnostic status. Another aim of the study was to assess the prognostic implications of a diagnosis of anorexia nervosa in this sample. All subjects previously interviewed were invited for a follow‐up assessment at 10 months. Anorexia nervosa could be diagnosed in 2 students (4.1%), whilst another 4 students (8.2%) presented with “partial syndrome” anorexia nervosa. All diagnosed students managed to complete their academic training year. The development and implications of a diagnosis of anorexia nervosa in the ballet students are discussed.
Eating disorders, obesity and addiction
Authors: Wilson G. Terence 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAn addiction model of both eating disorders and obesity has received increasing attention in the popular and scientific literature. The addiction is viewed as a brain disease that must be directly targeted if treatment is to succeed. Evidence from laboratory feeding studies, epidemiology, genetic and familial research, psychopathological mechanisms, and treatment outcome research on cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is inconsistent with the clinical validity or utility of the addiction model of eating disorders. Neurobiological research has shown commonalities in brain reward processes between obesity and substance abuse disorders. Yet emphasis on apparent similarities overlooks important differences between obesity and drug addiction. Interest in obesity as a brain disease should not detract from a public health focus on the ‘toxic food environment’ that is arguably responsible for the obesity epidemic and related nutrition‐based chronic disease. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Examining outcomes‐based educational evaluation through a critical theory lens
Authors: Segerholm Christina 
Published: September 2010

AbstractContemporary educational evaluation policy and practice can be challenged by applying critical theory and hermeneutics perspectives in evaluation and by asking whose interests are being served through evaluation. Using educational evaluation in Sweden as the context, the author argues for an explanation‐oriented evaluation approach that assumes education is complex, multilayered, and infused with conflicting interests and intentions. The author concludes that evaluations that attend to this complexity have the potential to influence educational policy significantly. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
Differences in incidence and co‐occurrence of vaccine and nonvaccine human papillomavirus types in Finnish population before human papillomavirus mass vaccination suggest competitive advantage for HPV33
Authors: Merikukka Marko , Kaasila Marjo , Namujju Proscovia B. , Palmroth Johanna , Kirnbauer Reinhard , Paavonen Jorma , Surcel Heljä‐Marja , Lehtinen Matti 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTo understand likelihood of type replacement after vaccination against the high‐risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types, we evaluated competition of the seven most common genital HPV types in a population sample of unvaccinated, fertile‐aged Finnish women. First trimester sera from two consecutive pregnancies were retrieved from 3,183 Finnish women (mean age, 23.1 years) of whom 42.3% had antibodies to at least one HPV type (6/11/16/18/31/33/45) at the baseline. Antibody positivity to more than one HPV types by the second pregnancy was common among the baseline HPV seropositives. However, compared to baseline HPV‐seronegative women, significantly increased incidence rate ratios (IRRs), indicating an increased risk to seroconvert for another HPV type, were consistently noted only for HPV33 among baseline HPV16 or HPV18 antibody (ab)‐positive women: HPV16ab only
→
16&33ab IRR 2.9 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.6–5.4] and HPV18ab only
→
18&33ab IRR 2.5 (95% CI 1.1–6.0), irrespectively of the presence of antibodies to other HPV types at baseline: HPV16ab
→
16&33ab IRR 3.2 (95% CI 2.0–5.2) and HPV18ab
→
18&33ab IRR 3.6 (95% CI 2.1–5.9). Our findings suggest a possible competitive advantage for HPV33 over other genital HPV types in the unvaccinated population. HPV33 should be monitored for type replacement after HPV mass vaccination.
WATER MANAGEMENT TO MEET PRESENT AND FUTURE FOOD DEMAND
Authors: K.C. Birendra , Schultz Bart , Prasad Krishna 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThe emerging and least developed countries are expected to absorb virtually all the increase in the world's population. With fast‐growing population and ongoing urbanization, population density with reference to cultivated land is increasing significantly. In the emerging countries the increasing standard of living and to a certain extent biofuel production are adding more pressure on the already stressed land and water resources. Currently, most hungry people live in these countries and their number has been increasing for a few years.The least developed countries especially are regular food aid recipients. The future outlook is not promising: 80–90% of the required increase in food production will need to come from existing cultivated land. However, at present only 22% of the cultivated land in emerging and 11% in the least developed countries have irrigation facilities. Drainage development is almost non‐existent.Better use of already cultivated land and water resources to ensure the required food production can be the key. The role of effective water management thus is crucial to achieve the objective of food security. This paper substantiates that the improvements in agricultural water management are closely linked to global food production. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Absolute fracture risk assessment using lumbar spine and femoral neck bone density measurements: Derivation and validation of a hybrid system
Authors: Leslie William D , Lix Lisa M ,   for the Manitoba Bone Density Program
Published: September 2010

Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) computes 10-year probability of major osteoporotic fracture from multiple risk factors, including femoral neck (FN) T-scores. Lumbar spine (LS) measurements are not currently part of the FRAX formulation but are used widely in clinical practice, and this creates confusion when there is spine-hip discordance. Our objective was to develop a hybrid 10-year absolute fracture risk assessment system in which nonvertebral (NV) fracture risk was assessed from the FN and clinical vertebral (V) fracture risk was assessed from the LS. We identified 37,032 women age 45 years and older undergoing baseline FN and LS dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA; 1990–2005) from a population database that contains all clinical DXA results for the Province of Manitoba, Canada. Results were linked to longitudinal health service records for physician billings and hospitalizations to identify nontrauma vertebral and nonvertebral fracture codes after bone mineral density (BMD) testing. The population was randomly divided into equal-sized derivation and validation cohorts. Using the derivation cohort, three fracture risk prediction systems were created from Cox proportional hazards models (adjusted for age and multiple FRAX risk factors): FN to predict combined all fractures, FN to predict nonvertebral fractures, and LS to predict vertebral (without nonvertebral) fractures. The hybrid system was the sum of nonvertebral risk from the FN model and vertebral risk from the LS model. The FN and hybrid systems were both strongly predictive of overall fracture risk (p &lt; .001). In the validation cohort, ROC analysis showed marginally better performance of the hybrid system versus the FN system for overall fracture prediction (p = .24) and significantly better performance for vertebral fracture prediction (p &lt; .001). In a discordance subgroup with FN and LS T-score differences greater than 1 SD, there was a significant improvement in overall fracture prediction with the hybrid method (p = .025). Risk reclassification under the hybrid system showed better alignment with observed fracture risk, with 6.4% of the women reclassified to a different risk category. In conclusion, a hybrid 10-year absolute fracture risk assessment system based on combining FN and LS information is feasible. The improvement in fracture risk prediction is small but supports clinical interest in a system that integrates LS in fracture risk assessment. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Persistent interferon transgene expression by RNA interference‐mediated silencing of interferon receptors
Authors: Takahashi Yuki , Vikman Elin , Nishikawa Makiya , Ando Mitsuru , Watanabe Yoshihiko , Takakura Yoshinobu 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe in vivo half‐life of interferons (IFNs) is very short, and its extension would produce a better therapeutic outcome in IFN‐based therapy. Delivery of IFN genes is one solution for providing a sustained supply. IFNs have a variety of functions, including the suppression of transgene expression, through interaction with IFN receptors (IFNRs). This suppression could prevent IFNs from being expressed from vectors delivered. Silencing the expression of IFNAR and IFNGR, the receptors for type I and II IFNs, respectively, in cells expressing IFNs may prolong transgene expression of IFNs.MethodsMouse melanoma B16‐BL6 cells or mouse liver were selected as a site expressing IFNs (not a target for IFN gene therapy) and IFN‐expressing plasmid DNA was delivered with or without small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting IFNRs.ResultsTransfection of B16‐BL6 cells with siRNA targeting IFNAR1 subunit (IFNAR1) resulted in the reduced expression of IFNAR on the cell surface. This silencing significantly increased the IFN‐β production in cells that were transfected with IFN‐β‐expressing plasmid DNA. Similar results were obtained with the combination of IFN‐γ and IFNGR. Co‐injection of IFN‐β‐expressing plasmid DNA with siRNA targeting IFNAR1 into mice resulted in sustained plasma concentration of IFN‐β.ConclusionsThese results provide experimental evidence that the RNAi‐mediated silencing of IFNRs in cells expressing IFN, such as hepatocytes, is an effective approach for improving transgene expression of IFNs when their therapeutic target comprises cells other than those expressing IFNs. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An hydrophobically modified arginine peptide vector system effectively delivers DNA into human mesenchymal stem cells and maintains transgene expression with differentiation
Authors: Kim Na Young , Choi Yu Bin , Kang Chun Il , Kim Hyun Hee , Yang Jai Myung , Shin Sungho 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe ability of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) to differentiate into specific cells holds promise for therapeutic use in cell‐ or gene‐based therapy. Genetic modification of hMSCs by introduction of therapeutic genes is an important tool for successful cell‐mediated gene therapy. Similar to most primary cells, hMSCs are difficult to transfect with currently available gene delivery methods. Viral vectors are the most efficient DNA delivery system in stem cells. However, the use of viral vectors has disadvantages involving safety. To overcome these problems, nonviral gene delivery has been studied as an alternative strategy, and the cationic peptide was an efficient vector for transfecting various mammalian cell types. However, little is known about the capacity of this delivery method to transfect to hMSCs. In the present study, we examined the use of a short arginine peptide as a carrier for DNA delivery in hMSCs.MethodsPlasmids containing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) were transfected into hMSCs by arginine peptide in vitro. pEGFP delivery and EGFP expression were assessed by the fluorescence‐activated cell sorting technique.ResultsThe hydrophobically modified arginine peptide, palmitic acid‐R15 (PA‐R15), formed a condensed complex with DNA and successfully delivered the gene into hMSCs without compromising cell survival rate. Complexes readily internalized into hMSCs after a 4 h incubation, and PA‐R15 showed higher cellular uptake compared to the unmodified arginine peptide (R15). In addition, transfected cells retained their stem cell properties, including the ability to differentiate into adipogenic and osteogenic lineages. Moreover, the erythropoietin (EPO) gene was successfully transfected into hMSCs and the cells produced EPO for 4 weeks.ConclusionsHydrophobically modified arginine peptides are promising candidates with low toxicity. They comprise efficient nonviral gene delivery vectors for hMSCs and these may be used as a potential tool for basic research and the therapeutic application of hMSCs. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integration of capillary isoelectric focusing with monolithic immobilized pH gradient, immobilized trypsin microreactor and capillary zone electrophoresis for on‐line protein analysis
Authors: Wang Tingting , Ma Junfeng , Zhu Guijie , Shan Yichu , Liang Zhen , Zhang Lihua , Zhang Yukui 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAn integrated platform consisting of protein separation by CIEF with monolithic immobilized pH gradient (M‐IPG), on‐line digestion by trypsin‐based immobilized enzyme microreactor (trypsin‐IMER), and peptide separation by CZE was established. In such a platform, a tee unit was used not only to connect M‐IPG CIEF column and trypsin‐IMER, but also to supply adjustment buffer to improve the compatibility of protein separation and digestion. Another interface was made by a Teflon tube with a nick to couple IMER and CZE via a short capillary, which was immerged in a centrifuge tube filled with 20 mmol/L glutamic acid, to exchange protein digests buffer and keep electric contact for peptide separation. By such a platform, under the optimal conditions, a mixture of ribonuclease A, myoglobin and BSA was separated into 12 fractions by M‐IPG CIEF, followed by on‐line digestion by trypsin‐IMER and peptide separation by CZE. Many peaks of tryptic peptides, corresponding to different proteins, were observed with high UV signals, indicating the excellent performance of such an integrated system. We hope that the CE‐based on‐line platform developed herein would provide another powerful alternative for an integrated analysis of proteins.
Vielschichtiger Blick in den Körper. Magnet‐Resonanz‐Tomographie
Authors: Nitz Wolfgang R. , Oppelt Arnulf 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDie Magnet‐Resonanz‐Tomographie (MRT) ist die vielseitigste medizinische Bildgebungsmethode für Gehirn, Herz und den muskuloskeletalen Bereich. Heute kommen immer höhere Magnet‐ und Gradientenfelder zum Einsatz. Hochfrequenz‐Array‐Spulen ermöglichen kontrastreiche Bilder in kurzer Zeit. Die MRT kann Hirninfarkte im Frühstadium erkennen. Sie kann mit Kontrastmitteln bei der Diagnose von Mammatumoren in der weiblichen Brust helfen und Hinweise auf Prostatakrebs geben. Ihre Anwendung ist nicht allein auf die Abbildung morphologischer Details beschränkt. Sie gibt auch über die Funktion etwa des Gefäßsystems oder des Gehirns Auskunft.
Schlag um Schlag. Physik des Ruderns
Authors: Schnur Axel 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDer Rudersport hat eine Maximierung der Bootsgeschwindigkeit zum Ziel. Entscheidenden Einfluss auf den Vortrieb hat die am Ruderblatt erzeugte Kraft. Wesentlich ist auch die Relativbewegung der Ruderer im Boot. Bei der Ganzkörpersportart kommt es auf die Minimierung der Reibungsverluste an. Das gelingt durch möglichst gleichförmige Bewegungsmuster und durch die Anpassung des Sportgerätes. Der Vortrieb wird dabei durch angepasste Hebelverhältnisse und die Arbeit über scheinbar uneffektive Winkel gewährleistet. Die durch die Bootsform diktierte Rumpfgeschwindigkeit limitiert ihn letztlich.
Aufladung von Vulkanwolken und Staubstürmen
Authors: Pähtz Thomas 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn vulkanischen Aschewolken und Sandstürmen beobachtet man häufig blitzartige Entladungen. Sie sind die Folge einer vorangegangenen Aufladung der Wolken. Ursache hierfür ist ein Ladungsaustausch zwischen den Partikeln, wenn diese miteinander kollidieren. Die genaue Ursache hierfür ist jedoch umstritten und Gegenstand intensiver Forschung. Mit Hilfe von Laborexperimenten und Computersimulationen ist es unserer Gruppe an der ETH Zürich gelungen, einen Mechanismus zu identifizieren, der die Aufladung von aufgewirbelten Teilchenwolken erklären kann.
Kondensation mit Laserlicht
Authors: Rohwetter Philipp , Stelmaszczyk Kamil , Wöste Ludger 
Published: September 2010

AbstractNebel‐ und Wolkentröpfchen oder Eiskristalle können sich aus atmosphärischem Wasserdampf nur an bereits vorhandenen Kondensationskeimen bilden. Unsere Gruppe von der Freien Universität Berlin konnte nun zusammen mit Kollegen aus der Schweiz und Frankreich im Rahmen des Teramobile‐Projekts demonstrieren, dass sich solche Kondensationskeime mit kurzen, intensiven Laserpulsen in feuchter Atmosphäre erzeugen lassen.