bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stress About Eviction or Loss of Housing and Child Mental Health
Authors: Hanson Jamie L. 
Published: February 2025

ImportanceEviction and housing loss are pressing public health concerns. Understanding how caregivers’ stress about eviction or loss of housing is associated with specific childhood psychiatric issues across development is important.ObjectiveTo examine associations between stress about eviction or loss of housing and caregiver-reported child depression, anxiety, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and behavioral problems, while adjusting for sociodemographic factors.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study analyzed data from the 2022 National Survey of Children's Health, a nationally representative survey of caregivers and children in the US. Data were collected between July 2022 and January 2023.ExposureEviction or loss of housing.Main Outcomes and MeasuresCaregiver-reported child depression, anxiety, ADHD, and behavioral problems. Generalized linear mixed models were used to test associations with stress about eviction or loss of housing.ResultsFrom a sample of 54 103 families, 36 638 were included in the analytic sample (analytic sample mean [SD] age: 9.91 [4.62] years; sex assigned at birth, 18 901 male [52%]). In this study, stress about eviction or loss of housing was associated with depression in children (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.10; 95% CI, 1.02-1.18). Stress about eviction or loss of housing was significantly associated with higher odds of reported anxiety in the base model (aOR, 1.26 (95% CI, 1.22-1.31) but not in the stringently adjusted model (aOR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.00-1.08]). Associations were sometimes moderated by age, with stronger associations for younger children. Stress about eviction or loss of housing was not associated with ADHD or behavioral problems after adjustment.Conclusions and RelevanceThis study found that stress about eviction or loss of housing was associated with increased odds of internalizing issues, such as depression and anxiety, among children. Prospective longitudinal research is still needed to fully understand these complex associations over time. These findings underscore the importance of policies and interventions to address housing instability and its mental health consequences for children.
Electronic Nicotine Delivery System Advertisement Trends After US Federal Policy Changes
Authors: Shi Rui , Khayat Amal , Lee Juhan , Garrison Kathleen A. , Jebai Rime , Wackowski Olivia A. , Ozga Jenny E. , Stanton Cassandra A. 
Published: February 2025

ImportanceThe US has implemented several regulatory measures to govern the sale and marketing of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). A nicotine warning statement requirement became effective in September 2018, the minimum legal age for tobacco and nicotine sales was raised to 21 years (Tobacco to 21 Act [T21]) in December 2019, and a January 2020 enforcement policy limited the sale of cartridge-based ENDS to only tobacco and menthol flavors.ObjectiveTo track the presence of the nicotine warning statement, youth appeals, and flavor cues in the advertisements of 3 ENDS brands with marketing authorization during the implementation of the US federal tobacco policies.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this qualitative study, a content analysis was conducted on ENDS advertisements in the market from November 18, 2015, to June 26, 2022. All mobile, online display, outdoor, and print advertisements from the 3 US ENDS brands with marketing granted orders as of June 2022 were collected through Vivvix, a commercial advertisement intelligence company. Advertisements were excluded if they targeted businesses rather than consumers, contained display errors that were unretrievable, or were duplicates. Data analysis was completed in March 2024.ExposureThe nicotine warning statement requirement, T21, and the flavor enforcement policy.Main Outcomes and MeasuresNicotine warning statement compliance and presence of youth-appealing features (eg, young models, sports, and sex appeal) and nonmenthol, nontobacco flavor cues (eg, images of food, characterizing words like sweet or fruity) in ENDS advertisements before and after policy implementation.ResultsOf the 614 advertisements analyzed, the proportion containing the nicotine warning statement increased from 18 of 83 (21.7%) in the year preceding policy implementation to 147 of 152 (96.7%) in the subsequent year (χ21 = 144.5; P &amp;lt; .001). The proportion of advertisements containing any youth-appealing features increased from 35 of 171 (20.5%) in the year before T21 to 64 of 143 (44.8%) in the year after T21 (χ21 = 21.28; P &amp;lt; .001). There was no significant difference in flavor cues in the advertisements in the year before the flavor enforcement policy (30 of 161 [18.6%]) and those in the following year (38 of 149 [25.5%]) (χ21 = 2.13; P = .14).Conclusions and RelevanceThis qualitative study found immediate compliance with nicotine warning statements but no significant reduction in use of flavor cues and an increase in youth-appealing features in the first year after regulatory measures. The findings suggest a need for continued close monitoring of youth appeals in ENDS advertisements on all platforms to inform potential policies and interventions that can be used to counter the reach, appeal, and impact of these advertisements.
Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults With Alcohol Use Disorder
Authors: Hendershot Christian S. , Bremmer Michael P. , Paladino Michael B. , Kostantinis Georgios , Gilmore Thomas A. , Sullivan Neil R. , Tow Amanda C. , Dermody Sarah S. , Prince Mark A. , Jordan Robyn , McKee Sherry A. , Fletcher Paul J. , Claus Eric D. , Klein Klara R. 
Published: February 2025

ImportancePreclinical, observational, and pharmacoepidemiology evidence indicates that glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) may reduce alcohol intake. Randomized trials are needed to determine the clinical significance of these findings.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide on alcohol consumption and craving in adults with alcohol use disorder (AUD).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a phase 2, double-blind, randomized, parallel-arm trial involving 9 weeks of outpatient treatment. Enrollment occurred at an academic medical center in the US from September 2022 to February 2024. Of 504 potential participants assessed, 48 non–treatment-seeking participants with AUD were randomized.InterventionParticipants received semaglutide (0.25 mg/week for 4 weeks, 0.5 mg/week for 4 weeks, and 1.0 mg for 1 week) or placebo at weekly clinic visits.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was laboratory alcohol self-administration, measured at pretreatment and posttreatment (0.5 mg/week). Secondary and exploratory outcomes, including prospective changes in alcohol consumption and craving, were assessed at outpatient visits.ResultsForty-eight participants (34 [71%] female; mean [SD] age, 39.9 [10.6] years) were randomized. Low-dose semaglutide reduced the amount of alcohol consumed during a posttreatment laboratory self-administration task, with evidence of medium to large effect sizes for grams of alcohol consumed (β, −0.48; 95% CI, −0.85 to −0.11; P = .01) and peak breath alcohol concentration (β, −0.46; 95% CI, −0.87 to −0.06; P = .03). Semaglutide treatment did not affect average drinks per calendar day or number of drinking days, but significantly reduced drinks per drinking day (β, −0.41; 95% CI, −0.73 to −0.09; P = .04) and weekly alcohol craving (β, −0.39; 95% CI, −0.73 to −0.06; P = .01), also predicting greater reductions in heavy drinking over time relative to placebo (β, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.71 to 0.99; P = .04). A significant treatment-by-time interaction indicated that semaglutide treatment predicted greater relative reductions in cigarettes per day in a subsample of individuals with current cigarette use (β, −0.10; 95% CI, −0.16 to −0.03; P = .005).Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings provide initial prospective evidence that low-dose semaglutide can reduce craving and some drinking outcomes, justifying larger clinical trials to evaluate GLP-1RAs for alcohol use disorder.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05520775
Management of Perforated Peptic Ulcer
Authors: Arshad Seyed A. , Murphy Patrick , Gould Jon C. 
Published: February 2025

ImportancePerforated peptic ulcer disease (PUD) affects 4 million people annually worldwide, with a lifetime prevalence of 5% to 10%. Of those affected, 5% will progress to the point of perforation. Despite advances in the understanding and treatment, perforated PUD continues to have a high rate of morbidity (50%) and mortality (30%). This review summarizes the current evidence on management of perforated PUD, including management of failed repairs.ObservationsApproaches for repair include primary closure and omental patch closure. Omental patch may be most useful in large perforations with friable tissue. Minimally invasive surgery is the preferred approach in perforated PUD, with improved outcomes compared with open techniques. Leak from the ulcer after repair is seen in approximately 12% to 17% of cases. Approaches to releak include expectant management, radiologic and/or endoscopic intervention, and repeat surgery. Morbidity and mortality after releak are especially high, and complete healing of the leak may take time.Conclusions and RelevanceDespite advances in medical management and surgical techniques, perforated PUD continues to have a relatively high rate of morbidity and mortality. Minimally invasive surgery is the current preferred treatment approach.
Temporal Trends and Demographic Insights into Mortality from Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, 1999‐2020
Authors: Daoud Ansaam , Dweik Loai , Pamuk Omer 
Published: February 2025

ObjectivePrevious studies showed a decline in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) mortality rates from 1968 to 2013, yet mortality rates remained high relative to non‐SLE mortality, with notable disparities. We aimed to delineate demographic characteristics associated with SLE mortality and map out the national and geographic trends of the last two decades.MethodsWe analyzed SLE mortality data from 1999 to 2020 using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Wide‐Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research Multiple Cause of Death database. Age‐adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) were computed based on sex, race and ethnicity, and state. Trends over the study period were evaluated using a simple linear regression model.ResultsFrom 1999 to 2020, we identified 27,213 deaths with SLE as the underlying cause in the United States. Females experienced higher AAMR (6.21/per million, 95%CI: 6.13‐6.29) than males (1.20/per million, 95%CI: 1.16‐1.24). African Americans (AA) had the highest AAMR (10.7/per million, 95% CI: 10.48‐10.92), particularly among females (17.68/per million, 95%CI: 17.29‐18.06). Linear regression analysis found a significant decline in the SLE AAMR from 1999 to 2020 (R2=0.902), with decreases noticed across all demographic groups. The SLE AAMR to the non‐SLE AAMR ratio showed a sustained decline from 2005 to 2020 (R2 =0.8552). Analysis of the geographic distribution of SLE AAMR in the US reveals a pronounced concentration in Southern states.ConclusionsSince 1999, SLE‐related mortality rates have consistently declined across various demographic groups, though rates remain disproportionately high in AAs, particularly among AA females and in Southern states.
Long Cycle Stability of All‐Solid‐State Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries at Low Pressure and Ambient Temperature: Addressing Contact and Diffusion Kinetics
Authors: Chen Peng , Qu Huainan , Zheng Dong , Zhang Xiaoxiao , Qu Deyang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe commercialization of all‐solid‐state lithium‐sulfur batteries (ASSLSBs) depends on maintaining high performance under low stack pressure. However, conventional ASSLSBs experience significant performance degradation under low pressure due to contact losses and diffusion kinetics challenges at solid‐solid triphase interfaces. This study decouples electrochemical contact area (ECA) losses from diffusion kinetics losses for the first time through a series of pressure‐dependent electrochemical tests. Additionally, the cathode volume changes are investigated using an isolated real‐time displacement test. Findings reveal that contact losses primarily occur during charging, while diffusion kinetics are more sensitive to reduced stack pressure during discharging. To mitigate this issue, metallic indium (In) is incorporated into cathode composites to enhance the triphase interfaces. During cycling, In spheres transform in situ into In2S3/InS, significantly reducing volume fluctuations and improving ECA retention and diffusion kinetics under various pressures (0.5–7 MPa). As a result, ASSLSBs with In additive demonstrate markedly enhanced electrochemical performance under low stack pressure at room temperature, achieving 810 mAh g−1 at 1 MPa and 1198 mAh g−1 at 7 MPa, (0.1C, 28 °C). The work provides revolutionary insights for the development of high‐energy ASSLSBs and other systems suffering large volume changes.
Aerosol Jet Printing of Superhydrophobic Surfaces
Authors: Zhong Ke , Rozsa Jace , Patel Dinesh K. , Yao Lining , Fedder Gary K. , Islam Mohammad F. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractA method for creating superhydrophobic surfaces is presented by aerosolizing polymer solutions into micrometer‐sized droplets and converting them into microgel particles during spatially controlled deposition using an aerosol jet printer. The polymer solutions are composed of marginally hydrophobic disulfide‐polydimethylsiloxane (DS‐PDMS) in three solvents with varying vapor pressures. The experiments, combined with an analytical model, demonstrate that solvents with high vapor pressures evaporate from the droplets during flight from the printer nozzle to the substrate. This evaporation increases the DS‐PDMS volume fraction in the droplets above the polymer gelation threshold. As a result, the droplets transform into microgel particles. This transformation leads to the formation of rough, superhydrophobic surfaces. Conversely, solvents with lower vapor pressures do not evaporate sufficiently, preventing DS‐PDMS volume fraction from reaching the gelation threshold. These droplets coalesce upon deposition, producing smooth surfaces with hydrophobicity similar to intrinsic DS‐PDMS. Heating the surfaces to 90 °C or above eliminates superhydrophobicity by de‐gelling the DS‐PDMS, allowing droplet coalescence. Potential applications of this method include droplet manipulation, microreactors for reactant mixing, water‐oil separation, and retardation of droplet evaporation.
Laser In Situ Synthesis of Wide Bandgap Tunable Perovskite and Its Application in Micro‐LEDs
Authors: Xu Rongrong , Yin Qianxi , You Junyi , Wang Xiaoting , Li Mulin , Huang Xianliang , Chen Jun , Zeng Haibo 
Published: February 2025

AbstractLaser patterning of perovskite is a novel technology with the advantages of high speed, programmability, and maskless, which is ideal for fabricating micro light‐emitting diodes (micro‐LED) color conversion layers (CCL). This work reports a method for laser in situ synthesis of wide bandgap tunable perovskite with an emission spectrum from 475 to 667 nm. Based on the photonic effect of continuous wave (CW) laser and the thermal quenching phenomenon of perovskite, ultra‐high precision patterning with a minimum linewidth of 750 nm and a maximum dot‐pixel per inch (PPI) of 5684 is achieved. More importantly, significant improvements in perovskite stability and integration of red‐green dual‐color dot arrays are achieved through in‐depth studies of polymer matrices and precursor solvents. The red‐green dual‐color integrated dot arrays using blue micro‐LED chips, which is a great impetus to the research of micro‐LED full‐color displays, are also successfully excited.
Cobalt/Salox‐Catalyzed Stereoselective C−H Functionalization: Enantioselective Construction of Axially Chiral Cyclic Phosphinamides with P‐Stereogenic Center
Authors: Jiang Bo , Wang Hui , Sun Xiaobin , Qiao Yiyang , Xu Xiufang , Miao Zhiwei 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWe describe a novel cobalt/salicyloxazoline (Salox) catalytic system for enantioselective C−H functionalization, enabling the synthesis of P‐stereogenic and axially chiral cyclic phosphinic amides. Chiral Salox ligands, conveniently prepared in a single step from salicylonitriles and chiral amino alcohols, facilitated this transformation with excellent enantioselectivities (92‐99% ee) and moderate to good yields (31 examples, 45–89%). Mechanistic studies implicate a cobalt (III/IV/II) catalytic cycle in the C−H annulation process, providing valuable insights into the stereoselective reaction pathway.
Synthesis of Nitrogen‐Doped Platinum–Neodymium Nanoalloy Catalyst by Liquid‐Phase Reduction for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Jiang Hang , Liu Qianwen , Song Wei , Gong Pei , Yu Zhihong , Liang Zhicheng 
Published: February 2025

AbstractProton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have attracted significant research interest due to their ability to generate only water and energy. PEMFCs operate based on the principle of redox reactions, which require a catalyst for the individual half‐reactions. However, the commonly used platinum (Pt)‐based catalysts are expensive, and their performance needs enhancement. In this study, an effective strategy is presented for preparing Pt–rare earth nanoalloy catalysts, achieving improvements in catalytic performance while reducing costs. Additionally, through urea modification, a novel carbon carrier (XC‐72) is successfully developed, which is widely utilized as a catalyst support in fuel cells. The Pt–Nd@HCN‐400 catalyst is synthesized by combining the newly developed carrier with the Pt–Nd alloy. Under standard fuel cell operating conditions, this catalyst exhibited a 5% increase in durability compared to its unmodified counterpart. This study offers a promising approach for enhancing the durability of PEMFC catalysts.
Anti‐Inflammatory Macrophage‐Derived Exosomes Modified With Self‐Antigen Peptides for Treatment of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Li Qiaoyun , Park Jinwon , Kim Jung Suk , Le Quoc‐Viet , Lee Jaiwoo , Oh Yu‐Kyoung 
Published: February 2025

AbstractCurrent treatments for autoimmune diseases often involve broad‐acting immunosuppressants, which carry risks such as infections and malignancies. This study investigates whether exosomes derived from anti‐inflammatory macrophages (AE) and decorated with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) peptide (AE/M) can induce immune tolerance in autoimmune diseases. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model for multiple sclerosis, serves as the autoimmune disease model. Exosomes derived from myoblasts or fibroblasts are also modified with MOG peptides for comparison. Unlike their myoblast or fibroblast counterparts, exosomes from anti‐inflammatory macrophages demonstrate a targeted capacity toward antigen‐presenting cells. Moreover, AE/M uniquely promotes the differentiation of dendritic cells (DC) into a tolerogenic phenotype. When splenocytes are treated with AE/M, an increased population of tolerogenic DC (tolDC) is observed, even under proinflammatory stimuli. Subcutaneous administration of AE/M in the EAE mouse model results in MOG peptide‐specific immune tolerance and preserves motor coordination. In contrast to treatments with fibroblast‐ or myoblast‐derived exosomes modified with MOG peptides, AE/M treatment provides complete protection from EAE in mice. These findings highlight the potential of self‐antigen modified AE as a versatile and adaptable nanoplatform for the treatment of various autoimmune diseases.
A Smart Visualized Phototherapy Switch: From NIR‐I Imaging‐Guided Photodynamic Therapy to NIR‐II‐Guided Photothermal Therapy for Enhanced Cascade Tumor Photoablation
Authors: Sun Lixin , Wu Hongyu , Zhang Ziwen , Wu Kehuan , Sun Jie , Dong Xuemei , Dong Chengjun , Zhao Chunchang , Gu Xianfeng , Qu Da‐Hui 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTImaging‐guided phototherapy holds promise for precision cancer treatment. However, most photosensitizers have only a singular modality of photodynamic therapy (PDT) or photothermal therapy (PTT), which make their therapeutic efficacy severely limited by the hypoxic and complex tumor microenvironment (TME). In this article, we provide a smart platform design (BOD‐D) based on a visualized light‐triggered phototherapeutic switch for transforming cancer therapy from near‐infrared (NIR)‐I imaging‐guided PDT to activatable NIR‐II‐guided PTT while releasing nitric oxide (NO) for gas therapy (GT). BOD‐D releases native NIR one‐region fluorescence signals in tumors, which is used to direct robust PDT for tumor killing. As PDT is administered, the decreasing oxygen content in TME becomes progressively insufficient to maintain its excellent cell‐killing effect. Subsequently, light triggers the dissociation of NO in BOD‐D, activating a photothermal agent BOD‐T that emits NIR‐II fluorescence, for subsequent PTT. Notably, not only the light‐mediated therapeutic mechanism can be switched from NIR‐I‐guided PDT to NIR‐II‐guided PTT, but also the NO released during this process will be used for GT to sensitize the above PDT and PTT. Our study contributes to the design of intelligent photosensitizers for cascade tumor photoablation.
A brain DNA co‐methylation network analysis of psychosis in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Kouhsar Morteza , Weymouth Luke , Smith Adam R. , Imm Jennifer , Bredemeyer Claudia , Wedatilake Yehani , Torkamani Ali , Bergh Sverre , Selbæk Geir , Mill Jonathan , Ballard Clive , Sweet Robert A. , Kofler Julia , Creese Byron , Pishva Ehsan , Lunnon Katie 
Published: February 2025

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThe presence of psychosis in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is suggested to be associated with distinct molecular and neuropathological profiles in the brain.METHODSWe assessed brain DNA methylation in AD donors with psychosis (AD+P) and without psychosis (AD−P) using the EPIC array. Weighted gene correlation network analysis identified modules of co‐methylated genes in a discovery cohort (PITT‐ADRC: N = 113 AD+P, N = 40 AD−P), with validation in an independent cohort (BDR: N = 79 AD+P, N = 117 AD−P), with Gene Ontology and cell‐type enrichment analysis. Genetic data were integrated to identify methylation quantitative trait loci (mQTLs), which were co‐localized with GWAS for related traits.RESULTSWe replicated one AD+P associated module, which was enriched for synaptic pathways and in excitatory and inhibitory neurons. mQTLs in this module co‐localized with variants associated with schizophrenia and educational attainment.DISCUSSIONThis represents the largest epigenetic study of AD+P to date, identifying pleiotropic relationships between AD+P and related traits.Highlights
DNA methylation was assessed in the prefrontal cortex in subjects with AD+P and AD−P.
WGCNA identified six modules of co‐methylated loci associated with AD+P in a discovery cohort.
One of the modules was replicated in an independent cohort.
This module was enriched for synaptic genes and in excitatory and inhibitory neurons.
mQTLs mapping to genes in the module co‐localized with GWAS loci for schizophrenia and educational attainment.