bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversity training: examining minority employees' organizational attitudes
Authors: Waight Judy , Madera Juan M. 
Published: September 2011

PurposeA growing body of research demonstrates that diversity training can be successful in improving attitudes and behaviors towards ethnic minorities but, very little research focuses on the effects of diversity training on ethnic minorities' attitudes. Therefore, the purpose of the current paper is to examine ethnic differences in organizational attitudes as a function of offering diversity training.Design/methodology/approachUsing survey methodology, 186 students majoring in hotel and restaurant management that were part‐ or full‐time employees at a hospitality operation were requested to participate. Participants were forwarded an e‐mail with the link to the survey that contained the measures of interests, as well as demographic questions, control variables, and a debriefing statement.FindingsThe results showed that offering diversity training at the workplace had a significant effect for ethnic minorities' job satisfaction, perceived workplace discrimination, and turnover intentions, but this effect was not found for majority‐member participants. Perceived workplace discrimination mediated the relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intentions.Research limitations/implicationsThis study provides support that diversity training is a tool that can have a positive impact on ethnic minority employees, while not negatively affecting Caucasian employees.Originality/valueVery little research examines why diversity training works. This research shows that by offering diversity training, organizations potentially send signals to their employees that a diverse workforce is important.
A review of the biological and clinical characteristics of luminal‐like oestrogen receptor‐positive breast cancer
Authors: Habashy Hany O , Powe Desmond G , Abdel‐Fatah Tarek M , Gee Julia M W , Nicholson Robert I , Green Andrew R , Rakha Emad A , Ellis Ian O 
Published: September 2011

Habashy H O, Powe D G, Abdel‐Fatah T M, Gee J M W, Nicholson R I, Green A R, Rakha E A & Ellis I O  (2012) Histopathology 60, 854–863 A review of the biological and clinical characteristics of luminal‐like oestrogen receptor‐positive breast cancerGlobal gene expression profiling (GEP) studies of breast cancer have identified distinct biological classes with different clinical and therapeutic implications. Oestrogen receptor (ER) has been found to be a central marker of the molecular signature. GEP studies have consistently recognized a molecularly distinct class of tumours that is characterized by high‐level expression of ER and other biomarkers recognized to be characteristic of normal luminal cells of the breast. This class is the largest of the GEP‐defined molecular subclasses, comprising 60–70% of breast cancer cases. Moreover, it has been proposed that this group of tumours is composed of at least two subclasses distinguished by differing GEP profiles. At present, there is no consensus on the definition of the luminal subclasses and, in clinical practice, luminal‐like tumours and ER‐positive tumours are frequently considered to be the same. A better understanding of the biological features of luminal tumours could lead to their improved characterization and consistent identification. In this review, we explore the concept and definitions of the luminal‐like class of breast carcinoma and their contribution to our understanding of their molecular features, clinical significance and therapeutic implications.
Radiographic Quantitative Assessment of Caudal Proximal Tibial Angulation in 100 Dogs with Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture
Authors: Glassman Mathieu , Hofmeister Erik , Weh J. Micheal , Roach Wesley , Torres Bryan , Johnston Spencer , Budsberg Steven 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveTo evaluate inter‐ and intraobserver variability in the measurement of distal tibial axis/proximal tibial axis angle (DPA) from lateral radiographs of canine tibia in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCLR).Study DesignRetrospective clinical study.AnimalsDogs (n=100) with cranial cruciate ligament rupture.MethodsMedical records of dogs diagnosed withCCLRwere reviewed. In addition to signalment andTPAmeasurements, measuredDPA(mDPA) was calculated for each lateral view of the tibia in each animal, twice, by 3 blinded observers. Subjective scoring ofDPA(sDPA) was also recorded, twice, by 3 additional blinded observers from lateral views of the proximal half of the tibia in each dog. Inter‐ and intraobserver variability was measured by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for each measurement. Correlation between mDPAand sDPAwas also determined.ResultsMedian tibial plateau angle (TPA) of the subject population was 27.9° (range 18.8–41.3°;IQR: 25.5–30.75°). Mean ±SDmDPAwas 6.50 ± 2.81° (confidence intervals [CI]: 5.94–7.06°; range 0–13.33°). There was no correlation between age and weight of dogs and the mDPA(P=.58 and .12). There was a moderate correlation between mDPAandTPA(r2=0.49,P<.0001). There was a moderate correlation between sDPAand mDPA(r2=0.27,P<.0001). Good inter‐ and intraobserver agreement was found in the measurement of mDPA.ConclusionmDPAis a reproducible measurement of caudal angulation of proximal tibia. Furthermore, mDPAof dogs with cranial cruciate ligament disease in this report are in concordance with previous reports.
Feasibility of Nonmydriatic Ocular Fundus Photography in the Emergency Department: Phase I of the FOTO‐ED Study
Authors: Bruce Beau B. , Lamirel Cédric , Biousse Valérie , Ward Antionette , Heilpern Katherine L. , Newman Nancy J. , Wright David W. 
Published: September 2011

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2011; 18:928–933 © 2011 by the Society for Academic Emergency MedicineAbstractObjectives:  Examination of the ocular fundus is imperative in many acute medical and neurologic conditions, but direct ophthalmoscopy by nonophthalmologists is underutilized, poorly performed, and difficult without pharmacologic pupillary dilation. The objective was to examine the feasibility of nonmydriatic fundus photography as a clinical alternative to direct ophthalmoscopy by emergency physicians (EPs).Methods:  Adult patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with headache, acute focal neurologic deficit, diastolic blood pressure ≥ 120 mm Hg, or acute visual change had ocular fundus photographs taken by nurse practitioners using a nonmydriatic fundus camera. Photographs were reviewed by a neuroophthalmologist within 24 hours for findings relevant to acute ED patient care. Nurse practitioners and patients rated ease, comfort, and speed of nonmydriatic fundus photography on a 10‐point Likert scale (10 best). Timing of visit and photography were recorded by automated electronic systems.Results:  A total of 350 patients were enrolled. There were 1,734 photographs taken during 230 nurse practitioner shifts. Eighty‐three percent of the 350 patients had at least one eye with a high‐quality photograph, while only 3% of patients had no photographs of diagnostic value. Mean ratings were ≥ 8.7 (standard deviation [SD] ≤ 1.9) for all measures. The median photography session lasted 1.9 minutes (interquartile range [IQR] = 1.3 to 2.9 minutes), typically accounting for less that 0.5% of the patient’s total ED visit.Conclusions:  Nonmydriatic fundus photography taken by nurse practitioners is a feasible alternative to direct ophthalmoscopy in the ED. It is performed well by nonphysician staff, is well‐received by staff and patients, and requires a trivial amount of time to perform.
Risk Adjustment Measures and Outcome Measures for Prehospital Trauma Research: Recommendations from the Emergency Medical Services Outcomes Project (EMSOP)
Authors: Beskind Daniel L. , Keim Samuel M. , Spaite Daniel W. , Garrison Herbert G. , Brooke Lerner E. , Howse David , Maio Ronald F. 
Published: September 2011

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2011; 18:988–1000 © 2011 by the Society for Academic Emergency MedicineAbstractObjectives:  The objectives were to conduct a comprehensive, systematic review of the literature for risk adjustment measures (RAMs) and outcome measures (OMs) for prehospital trauma research and to use a structured expert panel process to recommend measures for use in future emergency medical services (EMS) trauma outcomes research.Methods:  A systematic literature search and review was performed identifying the published studies evaluating RAMs and OMs for prehospital injury research. An explicit structured review of all articles pertaining to each measure was conducted using the previously established methodology developed by the Canadian Physiotherapy Association (“Physical Rehabilitation Outcome Measures”).Results:  Among the 4,885 articles reviewed, 96 RAMs and/or OMs were identified from the existing literature (January 1958 to February 2010). Only one measure, the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), currently meets Level 1 quality of evidence status and a Category 1 (strong) recommendation for use in EMS trauma research. Twelve RAMs or OMs received Category 2 status (promising, but not sufficient current evidence to strongly recommend), including the motor component of GCS, simplified motor score (SMS), the simplified verbal score (SVS), the revised trauma score (RTS), the prehospital index (PHI), EMS provider judgment, the revised trauma index (RTI), the rapid acute physiology score (RAPS), the rapid emergency medicine score (REMS), the field trauma triage (FTT), the pediatric triage rule, and the out‐of‐hospital decision rule for pediatrics.Conclusions:  Using a previously published process, a structured literature review, and consensus expert panel opinion, only the GCS can currently be firmly recommended as a specific RAM or OM for prehospital trauma research (along with core measures that have already been established and published). This effort highlights the paucity of reliable, validated RAMs and OMs currently available for outcomes research in the prehospital setting and hopefully will encourage additional, methodologically sound evaluations of the promising, Category 2 RAMs and OMs, as well as the development of new measures.
Variations in Crowding and Ambulance Diversion in Nine Emergency Departments
Authors: Handel Daniel A. , Pines Jesse , Aronsky Dominik , Genes Nicholas , Ginde Adit A. , Hackman Jeffrey , Hilton Joshua A. , Hwang Ula , Kamali Michael , Powell Emilie , Sattarian Medhi , Fu Rongwei 
Published: September 2011

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2011; 18:941–946 © 2011 by the Society for Academic Emergency MedicineAbstractObjectives:  The primary study aim was to examine the variations in crowding when an emergency department (ED) initiates ambulance diversion.Methods:  This retrospective, multicenter study included nine geographically disparate EDs. Daily ED operational variables were collected during a 12‐month period (January 2009 to December 2009), including total number of ED visits, mean overall length of stay (LOS), number of ED beds, and hours on ambulance diversion. The primary outcome variable was the “ED workload rate,” a surrogate marker for daily ED crowding. It was calculated as the total number of daily ED visits multiplied by the overall mean LOS (in hours) and divided by the number of ED beds available for acute treatment in a given day. The primary predictor variables were ambulance diversion, as a dichotomous variable of whether or not an ED went on diversion at least once during a 24‐hour period, diversion hour quintiles, and sites.Results:  The annual ED census ranged from 43,000 to 101,000 patients. The percentage of days that an ED went on diversion at least once varied from 4.9% to 86.6%. On days with ambulance diversion, the mean ED workload rate varied from 17.1 to 62.1 patient LOS hours per ED bed among sites. The magnitude of variation in ED workload rate was similar on days without ambulance diversion. Differences in ED workload rate varied among sites, ranging from 1.0 to 6.0 patient LOS hours per ED bed. ED workload rate was higher on average on diversion days compared to nondiversion days. The mean difference between diversion and nondiversion was statistically significant for the majority of sites.Conclusions:  There was marked variation in ED workload rates and whether or not ambulance diversion occurred during a 24‐hour period. This variability in initiating ambulance diversion suggests different or inconsistently applied decision‐making criteria for initiating diversion.
Short‐term Mortality Risk in Emergency Department Acute Heart Failure
Authors: Frank Peacock W. , Nowak Richard , Christenson Robert , DiSomma Salvatore , Neath Sean Xavier , Hartmann Oliver , Mueller Christian , Ponikowski Piotr , Möckel Martin , Hogan Christopher , Wu Alan H. B. , Richards Mark , Filippatos Gerasimos S. , Anand Inder , Ng Leong L. , Daniels Lori B. , Morgenthaler Nils , Anker Stefan D. , Maisel Alan S. 
Published: September 2011

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2011; 18:947–958 © 2011 by the Society for Academic Emergency MedicineAbstractObjectives:  Few tools exist that provide objective accurate prediction of short‐term mortality risk in patients presenting with acute heart failure (AHF). The purpose was to describe the accuracy of several biomarkers for predicting short‐term death rates in patients diagnosed with AHF in the emergency department (ED).Methods:  The Biomarkers in ACute Heart failure (BACH) trial was a prospective, 15‐center, international study of patients presenting to the ED with nontraumatic dyspnea. Clinicians were blinded to all investigational markers, except troponin and natriuretic peptides, which used the local hospital reference range. For this secondary analysis, a core lab was used for all markers except troponin. This study evaluated patients diagnosed with AHF by the on‐site emergency physician (EP).Results:  In the 1,641 BACH patients, 466 (28.4%) had an ED diagnosis of AHF, of whom 411 (88.2%) had a final diagnosis of AHF. In the ED‐diagnosed HF patients, 59% were male, 69% had a HF history, and 19 (4.1%) died within 14 days of their ED visit. The area under the curve (AUC) for the 14‐day mortality receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.484 for brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), 0.586 for N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP), 0.755 for troponin (I or T), 0.742 for adrenomedullin (MR‐proADM), and 0.803 for copeptin. In combination, MR‐proADM and copeptin had the best 14‐day mortality prediction (AUC = 0.818), versus all other markers.Conclusions:  MR‐proADM and copeptin, alone or in combination, may provide superior short‐term mortality prediction compared to natriuretic peptides and troponin. Presented results are explorative due to the limited number of events, but validation in larger trials seems promising.
Comparison of Serial Qualitative and Quantitative Assessments of Caval Index and Left Ventricular Systolic Function During Early Fluid Resuscitation of Hypotensive Emergency Department Patients
Authors: Weekes Anthony J. , Tassone Heather M. , Babcock Alan , Quirke Dale P. , Norton H. James , Jayarama Krishnaraj , Tayal Vivek S. 
Published: September 2011

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2011; 18:912–921 © 2011 by the Society for Academic Emergency MedicineAbstractObjectives:  The objective was to determine whether serial bedside visual estimates of left ventricular systolic function (LVF) and respiratory variation of the inferior vena cava (IVC) diameter would agree with quantitative measurements of LVF and caval index in hypotensive emergency department (ED) patients during fluid challenges. The authors hypothesized that there would be moderate inter‐rater agreement on the visual estimates.Methods:  This prospective observational study was performed at an urban, regional ED. Patients were eligible for enrollment if they were hypotensive in the ED as defined by a systolic blood pressure (sBP) of <100 mm Hg or mean arterial pressure of ≤65 mm Hg, exhibited signs or symptoms of shock, and the treating physician intended to administer intravenous (IV) fluid boluses for resuscitation. Sonologists performed a sequence of echocardiographic assessments at the beginning, during, and toward the end of fluid challenge. Both caval index and LVF were determined by the sonologist in qualitative then quantitative manners. Deidentified digital video clips of two‐dimensional IVC and LVF assessments were later presented, in random order, to an ultrasound (US) fellowship–trained emergency physician using a standardized rating system for review. Statistical analysis included both descriptive statistics and correlation analysis.Results:  Twenty‐four patients were enrolled and yielded 72 caval index and LVF videos that were scored at the bedside prior to any measurements and then reviewed later. Visual estimates of caval index compared to measured caval index yielded a correlation of 0.81 (p < 0.0001). Visual estimates of LVF compared to fractional shortening yielded a correlation of 0.84 (p < 0.0001). Inter‐rater agreement of respiratory variation of IVC diameter and LVF scores had simple kappa values of 0.70 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.56 to 0.85) and 0.46 (95% CI = 0.29 to 0.63), respectively. Significant differences in mean values between time 0 and time 2 were found for caval index measurements, the visual scores of IVC diameter variation, and both maximum and minimum IVC diameters.Conclusions:  This study showed that serial visual estimations of the respiratory variation of IVC diameter and LVF agreed with bedside measurements of caval index and LVF during early fluid challenges to symptomatic hypotensive ED patients. There was moderate inter‐rater agreement in both visual estimates. In addition, acute volume loading was associated with detectable acute changes in IVC measurements.
Meeting report: Current cancer perspectives from the 9th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society of Medical Oncology
Authors: Nurwidya Fariz , Takahashi Fumiyuki , Takahashi Kazuhisa 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe purposes of Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society of Medical Oncology (JSMO) are to provide a scientific forum among scientists and oncologist, and to bridge research findings from the molecular to clinical application. Cancer treatments can immediately benefit from all areas of oncology: the discovery and clinical application of biomarkers; development of more personalized anticancer therapy including molecular targeted agents; recent findings from clinical trials; and strategies for overcoming drug resistance. International sessions at the 9th Annual Meeting of the JSMO, held in Yokohama, Japan from July 21 to 23, 2011 addressed these issues. The meeting also held a joint symposium with the American Society of Clinical Oncology. Due to space constraints this report will highlight only topics related to thoracic cancer, including controversies in the treatment of advanced cancer, thoracic‐related cancer, such as lung cancer and esophageal carcinoma, and biomarkers.
Characterization of a Feedback-Resistant Mevalonate Kinase from the Archaeon Methanosarcina mazei
Authors: Primak Yuliya A. , Du Mai , Miller Michael C. , Wells Derek H. , Nielsen Alex T. , Weyler Walter , Beck Zachary Q. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACT

The mevalonate pathway is utilized for the biosynthesis of isoprenoids in many bacterial, eukaryotic, and archaeal organisms. Based on previous reports of its feedback inhibition, mevalonate kinase (MVK) may play an important regulatory role in the biosynthesis of mevalonate pathway-derived compounds. Here we report the purification, kinetic characterization, and inhibition analysis of the MVK from the archaeon
Methanosarcina mazei
. The inhibition of the
M. mazei
MVK by the following metabolites derived from the mevalonate pathway was explored: dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP), geranyl pyrophosphate (GPP), farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP), isopentenyl monophosphate (IP), and diphosphomevalonate.
M. mazei
MVK was not inhibited by DMAPP, GPP, FPP, diphosphomevalonate, or IP, a proposed intermediate in an alternative isoprenoid pathway present in archaea. Our findings suggest that the
M. mazei
MVK represents a distinct class of mevalonate kinases that can be differentiated from previously characterized MVKs based on its inhibition profile.
Posttranslocation Chaperone PrsA2 Regulates the Maturation and Secretion of Listeria monocytogenes Proprotein Virulence Factors
Authors: Forster Brian M. , Zemansky Jason , Portnoy Daniel A. , Marquis Hélène 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTPrsA2 is a conserved posttranslocation chaperone and a peptidyl prolylcis-transisomerase (PPIase) that contributes to the virulence of the Gram-positive intracellular pathogenListeria monocytogenes. One of the phenotypes associated with aprsA2mutant is decreased activity of the broad-range phospholipase C (PC-PLC). PC-PLC is made as a proenzyme whose maturation is mediated by a metalloprotease (Mpl). The proforms of PC-PLC and Mpl accumulate at the membrane-cell wall interface until a decrease in pH triggers their maturation and rapid secretion into the host cell. In this study, we examined the mechanism by which PrsA2 regulates the activity of PC-PLC. We observed that in the absence of PrsA2, the proenzymes are secreted at physiological pH and do not mature upon a decrease in pH. The sensitivity of theprsA2mutant to cell wall hydrolases was modified. However, no apparent changes in cell wall porosity were detected. Interestingly, synthesis of PC-PLC in the absence of its propeptide lead to the secretion of a fully active enzyme in the cytosol of host cells independent of PrsA2, indicating that neither the propeptide of PC-PLC nor PrsA2 is required for native folding of the catalytic domain, although both influence secretion of the enzyme. Taken together, these results suggest that PrsA2 regulates compartmentalization of Mpl and PC-PLC, possibly by influencing cell wall properties and interacting with the PC-PLC propeptide. Moreover, the ability of these proproteins to respond to a decrease in pH during intracellular growth depends on their localization at the membrane-cell wall interface.
Coordinated Regulation by AgrA, SarA, and SarR To Control
agr
Expression in Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Reyes Dindo , Andrey Diego O. , Monod Antoinette , Kelley William L. , Zhang Gongyi , Cheung Ambrose L. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACT

The
agr
locus of
Staphylococcus aureus
is composed of two divergent transcripts (RNAII and RNAIII) driven by the P2 and P3 promoters. The P2-P3 intergenic region comprises the SarA/SarR binding sites and the four AgrA boxes to which AgrA binds. We reported here the role of AgrA, SarA, and SarR on
agr
P2 and P3 transcription. Using real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and promoter fusion studies with selected single, double, triple, and complemented mutants, we showed that AgrA is indispensable to
agr
P2 and P3 transcription, whereas SarA activates and SarR represses P2 transcription.
In vitro
runoff transcription assays revealed that AgrA alone promoted transcription from the
agr
P2 promoter, with SarA enhancing it and SarR inhibiting
agr
P2 transcription in the presence of AgrA or with SarA and AgrA. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) analysis disclosed that SarR binds more avidly to the
agr
promoter than SarA and displaces SarA from the
agr
promoter. Additionally, SarA and AgrA bend the
agr
P2 promoter, whereas SarR does not. Collectively, these data indicated that AgrA activates
agr
P2 and P3 promoters while SarA activates the P2 promoter, presumably via bending of promoter DNA to bring together AgrA dimers to facilitate engagement of RNA polymerase (RNAP) to initiate transcription.