bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethyl 1,4‐dihydro‐4‐oxo‐3‐quinolinecarboxylates by a tandem addition‐elimination‐SNAr reaction
Authors: Bunce Richard A. , Lee Eric J. , Grant Matthew T. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe ethyl 1,4‐dihydro‐4‐oxo‐3‐quinolinecarboxylate ring structure, important in several drug compounds, has been prepared in two steps from ethyl 2‐(2‐fluorobenzoyl)acetate. Treatment of this β‐ketoester with N,N‐dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal gives a 97% yield of the 2‐dimethylaminomethylene derivative. Reaction of this β‐enaminone with primary amines in N,N‐dimethylformamide at 140°C for 48 h then affords the 1,4‐dihydro‐4‐oxo‐3‐quinolinecarboxylate esters in 60–74% yields by a tandem addition‐elimination‐SNAr reaction. The synthesis of the starting material as well as procedural details and a mechanistic scenario are presented. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
Does the anterior approach for total hip arthroplasty better restore stair climbing gait mechanics?
Authors: Lamontagne Mario , Varin Daniel , Beaulé Paul E. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWhile total hip arthroplasty (THA) provides pain relief and restores mobility, gait anomalies persist even years after surgery. A muscle sparing surgical approach could result in better postoperative gait mechanics. Our purpose was to compare both the anterior muscle sparing approach and the direct lateral approach (LAT) to a matched control group by using three‐dimensional motion analysis while performing stair ascent and descent tasks. Lower‐limb kinematics and kinetics were recorded for 20 patients that had an anterior approach (ANT), 20 that had a LAT, and 20 age‐ and weight‐matched control participants. Patients were assessed on average 10 months after surgery. Compared to the control group, during stair ascent, the anterior group had reduced peak hip extension, peak hip flexion moment, and peak hip power. The lateral group had reduced peak hip abduction, hip frontal plane range of motion, and peak hip internal rotation. In stair descent, the anterior group had reduced peak hip flexion, peak hip abduction moment and internal rotation, as well as peak hip power. The lateral group had reduced peak hip flexion, peak knee extension moment, and peak hip power. Therefore, gait anomalies persist after THA for both approaches, which could be due to other factors such as preoperative gait adaptations. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29: 1412–1417, 2011
Three‐dimensional high‐density co‐culture with primary tenocytes induces tenogenic differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Schneider Philipp R. A. , Buhrmann Constanze , Mobasheri Ali , Matis Ulrike , Shakibaei Mehdi 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have potential applications in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering and may represent an attractive option for tendon repair and regeneration. Thus far the ability of MSCs to differentiate into tenocytes in vitro has not been investigated. Experiments were performed with and without growth factors (IGF‐1, TGF‐β1, IGF‐1/TGF‐β1, PDGF‐BB, and BMP‐12), in co‐cultures of tenocytes and MSCs mixed in different ratios and by culturing MSCs with spent media obtained from primary tenocytes. Tenogenesis was induced in MSCs through a combination of treatment with IGF‐1 and TGF‐β1, in high‐density co‐cultures and through cultivation with the spent media from primary tenocytes. Electron microscopy and immunoblotting were used to demonstrate up‐regulation of collagen I/III, decorin, tenomodulin, β1‐Integrin, MAPKinase pathway (Shc, Erk1/2), and scleraxis in the co‐cultures and provide simultaneous evidence for the inhibition of apoptosis. In monolayer co‐cultures extensive intercellular contacts between MSCs and tenocytes were observed. Cells actively exchanged vesicles, which were labeled by using immunofluorescence and immunogold techniques, suggesting the uptake and interchange of soluble factors produced by the MSCs and/or tenocytes. We conclude that MSCs possess tenogenic differentiation potential when provided with relevant stimuli and a suitable microenvironment. This approach may prove to be of practical benefit in future tissue engineering and tendon regenerative medicine research. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29: 1351–1360, 2011
Combining ligation reaction and capillary gel electrophoresis to obtain reliable long DNA probes
Authors: García‐Cañas Virginia , Mondello Monica , Cifuentes Alejandro 
Published: March 2011

AbstractNew DNA amplification methods are continuously developed for sensitive detection and quantification of specific DNA target sequences for, e.g. clinical, environmental or food applications. These new applications often require the use of long DNA oligonucleotides as probes for target sequences hybridization. Depending on the molecular technique, the length of DNA probes ranges from 40 to 450 nucleotides, solid‐phase chemical synthesis being the strategy generally used for their production. However, the fidelity of chemical synthesis of DNA decreases for larger DNA probes. Defects in the oligonucleotide sequence result in the loss of hybridization efficiency, affecting the sensitivity and selectivity of the amplification method. In this work, an enzymatic procedure has been developed as an alternative to solid‐phase chemical synthesis for the production of long oligonucleotides. The enzymatic procedure for probe production was based on ligation of short DNA sequences. Long DNA probes were obtained from smaller oligonucleotides together with a short sequence that acts as bridge stabilizing the molecular complex for DNA ligation. The ligation reactions were monitored by capillary gel electrophoresis with laser‐induced fluorescence detection (CGE‐LIF) using a bare fused‐silica capillary. The capillary gel electrophoresis‐LIF method demonstrated to be very useful and informative for the characterization of the ligation reaction, providing important information about the nature of some impurities, as well as for the fine optimization of the ligation conditions (i.e. ligation cycles, oligonucleotide and enzyme concentration). As a result, the yield and quality of the ligation product were highly improved. The in‐lab prepared DNA probes were used in a novel multiplex ligation‐dependent genome amplification (MLGA) method for the detection of genetically modified maize in samples. The great possibilities of the whole approach were demonstrated by the specific and sensitive detection of transgenic maize at percentages lower than 1%.
Purification and characterization of a native zinc‐binding high molecular weight multiprotein complex from human seminal plasma
Authors: Yadav Vikash Kumar , Kumar Vijay , Chhikara Nirmal , Kumar Sanjay , Manral Pallavi , Kashav Tara , Saini Savita , Srinivasan A. , Singh Sarman , Singh Tej P. , Yadav Savita 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe seminal plasma comprises secretions from various accessory sex glands. During fertilization spermatozoa undergo complex sequences of precisely timed events that are regulated by the activation of different intracellular signaling pathways. The precision and efficacy of these pathways are often influenced by the assembly and interactions of multiprotein complexes, thereby directing the flow of regulatory information. Our knowledge about these protein complexes present in human seminal plasma (HuSP) is limited. Here we report the identification and characterization of a native high molecular weight zinc‐binding multiprotein complex from HuSP by utilizing 2‐DE followed by MS. Twenty‐six proteins representing isoforms and/or fragments of 11 different proteins were found to be assembled in this complex. Prostate‐specific antigen, zinc α2‐glycoprotein, prostatic acid phosphatase, and prolactin inducible protein were the major proteins of this complex. Dynamic light scattering experiments revealed changes in aggregation pattern accompanied with deviation from physiological pH and in presence of SDS. However, no significant changes were observed in the presence of physiological ligands such as zinc and fructose. The present study will be useful and contribute to guide the future studies performed for elucidation of biological significance of this native complex in HuSP.
Development and validation of a direct headspace GC‐FID method for the determination of sevoflurane, desflurane and other volatile compounds of forensic interest in biological fluids: Application on clinical and post‐mortem samples
Authors: Kovatsi Leda , Giannakis Dimitrios , Arzoglou Vasileios , Samanidou Victoria 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA simple and reliable headspace GC‐flame ionization detection (HS‐GC‐FID) method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of seven volatile compounds of forensic interest: sevoflurane, desflurane, ethanol, methanol, 1‐propanol, acetone and acetaldehyde. All seven compounds including acetonitrile (internal standard) eluted within 10 min and were well resolved with no endogenous interference. Good linearity was observed in the range of 1–12 mg/dL for both anesthetics and 2.5–40 mg/dL for the other five analytes. The method showed good precision, sensitivity and repeatability. Most of the analytes remained stable during the storage of samples at 4°C. Desflurane and acetone degraded (>10%), when the samples remained on the autosampler for more than 2 and 3 h, respectively. The method was finally applied on clinical and post‐mortem blood and urine samples. The clinical samples were collected both from patients who underwent surgery, as well as from the occupationally exposed medical and nursing staff of the university hospital, working in the operating rooms. The hospital staff samples were found negative for all compounds, while the patients' samples were found positive for the anesthetic administered to the patient. The post‐mortem blood samples were found positive for ethanol and acetaldehyde.
Indole‐3‐acetic acid: A potential new photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy of acne vulgaris
Authors: Na Jung‐Im , Kim So‐Young , Kim Jeong‐Hye , Youn Sang‐Woong , Huh Chang‐Hun , Park Kyoung‐Chan 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesALA (5‐aminolevulinic acid) photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a new treatment option for acne. However, it needs a relatively long incubation period and adverse effects are common. Indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) is not toxic by itself but produces free radicals with ultraviolet B. In this study we examined the potential of IAA as a photosensitizer for acne treatment.Materials and MethodsFree radical formation was measured after visible light irradiation of IAA. Antimicrobial effect was evaluated by assessing growth suppression of Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus after IAA PDT. To evaluate the histological changes, skin biopsies were performed on nude mice skin after IAA PDT. To evaluate the clinical efficacy of IAA PDT, 14 acne patients were treated with the following IAA PDT regimen: three times each with a 15 minutes incubation period and a 2‐week interval. The number of inflammatory lesions and the amount of sebum secretion were then assessed.ResultsIAA produced free radicals with green light irradiation. Importantly, IAA lost its photosensitizing ability after exposure to certain amount of light. This implies IAA PDT would not require post‐procedure photo‐protection. The growth of P. acnes and S. aureus were significantly suppressed with IAA PDT. In addition, IAA PDT treated skin showed destruction of follicular ostia epithelium. Interestingly, there was no significant difference between a 4 hours and a 30 minutes incubation, which means that longer absorption time is not necessary for IAA PDT. In the clinical study, inflammatory lesions and sebum secretion were significantly reduced. The procedure was painless and no adverse effect was observed. Photo‐protection was not performed and there were no further phototoxic responses.ConclusionsIAA PDT has therapeutic effects on acne via its antimicrobial activities, its sebum‐reducing effect and through relieving follicular occlusion. It is a very simple and safe treatment option for acne. Lasers Surg. Med. 43:200–205, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Photodynamic therapy outcome for oral dysplasia
Authors: Jerjes Waseem , Upile Tahwinder , Hamdoon Zaid , Mosse Charles Alexander , Akram Sarah , Hopper Colin 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIntroductionPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive surgical intervention used in the management of tissue disorders. It can be applied before, or after, any of the conventional modalities, without compromising these treatments or being compromised itself.Materials and MethodsIn this prospective study, a total of 147 consecutive patients with oral potentially malignant disorders were treated with surface illumination PDT, using 5‐ALA or mTHPC as the photosensitizer. The average age was 53 ± 8.9 years. The patients' recovery was uneventful and no complications reported. Comparisons with the clinical and histopathological features and rate of recurrence as well as malignant transformation were made. The patients were followed‐up for a mean of 7.3 years.Analysis and ResultsHomogenous leukoplakias were identified in 55 patients, non‐homogenous leukoplakias in 73 patients, whereas 19 patients had erythroplakias. Ex‐ and current lifelong smokers formed 84.4% of the recruited patients. While people who currently smoke and drink formed 38.1% (56 patients) of the cohort. Erythroplakias were mainly identified in heavy lifelong smokers. The most common identified primary anatomical locations were the lateral border of tongue, floor of mouth and retromolar area. Moderate dysplasia was identified in 33 patients while 63 patients had severe dysplasias; and 32 patients had a histopathological diagnosis of carcinoma in situ.The rate of recurrence in laser surgery was approximately 11.6%. Malignant transformation was observed in 11 patients (7.5%), in the tongue, floor of mouth and retromolar area. Recurrence and malignant transformation was mainly identified in erythroplakias and non‐homogenous leukoplakias. The final outcome of the cohort showed that 11 (7.5%) suffered from progressive disease, 5 (3.4%) had stable disease, 12 (8.2%) were considered partially responsive to the therapy. Complete response was identified in 119/147 patients (81%).Conclusion5‐ALA‐PDT and/or mTHPC‐PDT offer an effective alternative treatment for oral potentially malignant disorders. Lasers Surg. Med. 43:192–199, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Photodynamic therapy using intra‐articular photofrin for murine MRSA arthritis: Biphasic light dose response for neutrophil‐mediated antibacterial effect
Authors: Tanaka Masamitsu , Kinoshita Manabu , Yoshihara Yasuo , Shinomiya Nariyoshi , Seki Shuhji , Nemoto Koichi , Hamblin Michael R. , Morimoto Yuji 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveBacterial arthritis does not respond well to antibiotics and moreover multidrug resistance is spreading. We previously tested photodynamic therapy (PDT) mediated by systemic Photofrin® in a mouse model of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) arthritis, but found that neutrophils were killed by PDT and therefore the infection was potentiated.Study Design/Materials and MethodsThe present study used an intra‐articular injection of Photofrin® and optimized the light dosimetry in order to maximize bacterial killing and minimize killing of host neutrophils. MRSA (5 × 107 CFU) was injected into the mouse knee followed 3 days later by 1 µg of Photofrin® and 635‐nm diode laser illumination with a range of fluences within 5 minutes. Synovial fluid was sampled 6 hours or 1–3, 5, and 7 days after PDT to determine MRSA colony‐forming units (CFU), neutrophil numbers, and levels of cytokines.ResultsA biphasic light dose response was observed with the greatest reduction of MRSA CFU seen with a fluence of 20 J cm−2, whereas lower antibacterial efficacy was observed with fluences that were either lower or higher. Consistent with these results, a significantly higher concentration of macrophage inflammatory protein‐2, a CXC chemokine, and greater accumulation of neutrophils were seen in the infected knee joint after PDT with a fluence of 20 J cm−2 compared to fluences of 5 or 70 J cm−2.ConclusionPDT for murine MRSA arthritis requires appropriate light dosimetry to simultaneously maximize bacterial killing and neutrophil accumulation into the infected site, while too little light does not kill sufficient bacteria and too much light kills neutrophils and damages host tissue as well as bacteria and allows bacteria to grow unimpeded by host defense. Lasers Surg. Med. 43:221–229, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Selective nanoparticle‐directed ablation of the canine prostate
Authors: Schwartz Jon A. , Price Roger E. , Gill‐Sharp Kelly L. , Sang Krystina L. , Khorchani Jennifer , Goodwin Bradford S. , Payne J. Donald 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesProstate cancer is the most frequent cancer type and the second most common cause of cancer death among US men. This study, adapted a previously reported nanoparticle‐directed photothermal treatment of brain tumors to the treatment of prostate disease by using normal canine prostate in vivo, directly injected with a suspension of nanoparticles as a proxy for prostate tumor, and by developing laser dosimetry for prostate which is marginally ablative in native tissue, yet producing photothermal coagulation in prostate tissue containing nanoparticles.MethodsCanine prostates were exposed by surgical laparotomy and directly injected with suspensions of nanoparticles (nanoshells) and irradiated by a NIR laser source delivered percutaneously by an optical fiber catheter and isotropic diffuser. The photothermal lesions were permitted to resolve for up to 8 days, at which time each animal was euthanized, necropsied, and the prostate taken for histopathological and elemental analysis.ResultsNanoparticles were retained for up to 4 hours in prostate and served as a proxy for prostate tumor. A marginally ablative laser dose of 3.0 W for 3 minutes was developed which would yield 4 mm‐radius coagulo‐necrotic lesions if nanoparticles were present.ConclusionWe have shown that the addition of nanoshells to native tissue, combined with a marginally ablative laser dose can generate ablative thermal lesions, and that the radial extent of the thermal lesions is strictly confined to within ∼4 mm of the optical fiber with sub‐millimeter uncertainty. This, in turn, suggests a means of precise tumor ablation with an ability to obviate damage to critical structures limited primarily by the precision with which the optical fiber applicator can be placed. In so doing, it should be possible to realize a precise, nerve bundle and urethra sparing prostate cancer treatment using a minimally invasive, percutaneous approach. Lasers Surg. Med. 43:213–220, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fabrication of Uniaxially Aligned Poly(propylene) Nanofibers via Handspinning
Authors: Watanabe Kei , Kim Byoung‐Suhk , Enomoto Yuji , Kim Ick‐Soo 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA straightforward method, which is termed novel handspinning, is reported for producing uniaxially aligned sPP nanofibers. As demonstrated by SEM analysis, the morphologies of handspun sPP nanofibers are strongly dependent upon the processing conditions such as spinning method and solvent system. Compared to the normal electrospun sPP nanofibers, the handspun sPP nanofibers show smoother morphologies. FT‐IR analysis demonstrates a significant difference in polymer chain conformation between the handspun and electrospun sPP nanofibers. Moreover, interestingly, the handspun sPP single nanofibers show higher Young's modulus and tensile strength than electrospun sPP single nanofibers. magnified image
SEC‐MR‐NMR: Online Coupling of Size Exclusion Chromatography and Medium Resolution NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Cudaj Markus , Guthausen Gisela , Hofe Thorsten , Wilhelm Manfred 
Published: March 2011

AbstractOnline coupling of size exclusion chromatography together with medium resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (SEC‐MR‐NMR) might be one solution to the problem of chemically sensitive detection in liquid polymer chromatography. By use of a combination of SEC with a table‐top, specially designed 20 MHz NMR spectrometer, based on a permanent magnet, online 1H NMR spectra of SEC fractions can be obtained. The integration of digital filters, mechanical shims and electronic shims led to substantially improved sensitivity and chemical selectivity compared to former TD (time domain) 20 MHz instruments. 1H NMR spectra of PMMA and PS homopolymers as well as PS‐PMMA block copolymers were of sufficient quality to enable detection and de‐formulation of unknown polymer compounds. 1H NMR spectra of acceptable resolution and S/N ratio were collected online during the chromatography. The SEC separation online with the NMR measurements performed well and resulted in the proof of principle of the SEC‐MR‐NMR combination. magnified image
Effect of the Molar Volume on the Elastic Properties of Vinylic Polymers: A Static Molecular Modeling Approach
Authors: Metatla Noureddine , Soldera Armand 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe effect of the molar volume on the mechanical properties of three polymers is computed using molecular mechanics. It is demonstrated that elastic properties significantly depend on the molar volume. To be reproducible they must be determined for a series of “stable” glassy configurations for which the potential energy is minimized not only according to the coordinates but also to the molar volume. If these conditions are not fulfilled, a great disparity in values between experiment and simulation is observed. The procedure is first applied to PVC. It is then argued that coherent results stemming from the application of this approach to both tacticities of PMMA justifies its application toward other polymers. magnified image
The finite element method for the mechanically based model of non‐local continuum
Authors: Zingales M. , Di Paola M. , Inzerillo G. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn this paper the finite element method (FEM) for the mechanically based non‐local elastic continuum model is proposed. In such a model each volume element of the domain is considered mutually interacting with the others, beside classical interactions involved by the Cauchy stress field, by means of central body forces that are monotonically decreasing with their inter‐distance and proportional to the product of the interacting volume elements. The constitutive relations of the long‐range interactions involve the product of the relative displacement of the centroids of volume elements by a proper, distance‐decaying function, which accounts for the decrement of the long‐range interactions as long as distance increases. In this study, the elastic problem involving long‐range central interactions for isotropic elastic continuum will be solved with the aid of the FEM. The accuracy of the solution obtained with the proposed FEM code is compared with other solutions obtained with Galerkins' approximation as well as with finite difference method. Moreover, a parametric study regarding the effect of the material length scale in the mechanically based model and in the Kr”oner–Eringen non‐local elasticity has been investigated for a plane elasticity problem. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.