bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic expression patterns of 6‐O endosulfatases during zebrafish development suggest a subfunctionalisation event for sulf2
Authors: Gorsi Bushra , Whelan Simon , Stringer Sally E. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe 6‐O‐endosulfatase enzymes (Sulfs) edit the final sulfation pattern and function of heparan sulfate (HS) by removal of 6‐O‐sulfate groups from the chain. To date, two mammalian sulf genes have been identified that regulate many signalling pathways during embryonic development. In zebrafish a sulf1 ortholog and duplicate copies of the mammalian sulf2 gene, sulf2a and sulf2, have been identified, which contain conserved motifs characteristic of vertebrate sulf genes. Zebrafish sulf1 and sulf2a are broadly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) and non‐neuronal tissue including heart, somite boundaries, olfactory system, and otic vesicle, whereas sulf2 expression is almost entirely restricted to the CNS. The duplicate copies of sulf2 have distinct expression patterns, which together mirror that of mouse sulf2, suggesting duplication in the teleost lineage has been followed by subfunctionalisation, whereby both genes need to be preserved by selection to ensure the ancestral gene's expression profile and function is maintained. Developmental Dynamics 239:3312–3323, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Simple and efficient transgenesis withI‐SceImeganuclease in the newt,Cynops pyrrhogaster
Authors: Casco‐Robles Martin Miguel , Yamada Shouta , Miura Tomoya , Chiba Chikafumi 
Published: October 2010

AbstractNewts have been recognized as an ideal model for body‐parts regeneration after traumatic injury since the 18thcentury. However, molecular mechanisms underlying regeneration remain a mystery because of technical limitations. In the current study, to break this obstacle, we established a simple and efficient transgenic protocol for the newtCynops pyrrhogasterby adapting anI‐SceImicroinjection technique, as well as a two‐aquarium‐tank (TAT) system that allows us to constantly obtain fertilized eggs in the laboratory for transgenesis. Following our protocol, ∼20% of injected embryos would exhibit non‐mosaic widespread transgene expression and survive beyond metamorphosis. This anticipated success rate is about 10 times higher than that obtained by previous protocols, reaching a practical level. Therefore, our transgenic protocol in conjunction with the TAT‐system could provide a key technique to open the way to uncover the long mystery underlying body‐parts regeneration of newts. Developmental Dynamics 239:3275–3284, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
lef1 controls patterning and proliferation in the posterior lateral line system of zebrafish
Authors: Gamba Laurent , Cubedo Nicolas , Lutfalla Georges , Ghysen Alain , Dambly‐Chaudiere Christine 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe embryonic development of the posterior lateral line of zebrafish involves the migration from head to tail of a primordium comprising approximately 100 cells, and the deposition at regular intervals of presumptive mechanosensory organs (neuromasts). Migration depends on the presence of chemokine SDF1 along the pathway, and on the asymmetrical distribution of chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7 in the primordium. Primordium polarization depends on Wnt signaling in the leading region. Here, we examine the role of a major effector of Wnt signaling, lef1, in this system. We show that, although its inactivation has no overt effect on the expression of cxcr4b and cxcr7b, lef1 contributes to their control. We also show that cell proliferation, which ensures constant primordium size despite successive rounds of cell deposition, is reduced upon lef1 inactivation. Because of this defect, the primordium runs short of cells and vanishes before the line has been completed. We conclude that lef1‐mediated Wnt signaling is involved in various aspects of primordium migration, although part of this implication is masked by a high level of developmental redundancy. Developmental Dynamics 239:3163–3171, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Carbohydrate recognition and complement activation by rat ficolin‐B
Authors: Girija Umakhanth Venkatraman , Mitchell Daniel A. , Roscher Silke , Wallis Russell 
Published: October 2010

AbstractFicolins are innate immune components that bind to PAMPs and structures on apoptotic cells. Humans produce two serum forms (L‐ and H‐ficolin) and a leukocyte‐associated form (M‐ficolin), whereas rodents and most other mammals produce ficolins‐A and ‐B, orthologues of L‐ and M‐ficolin, respectively. All three human ficolins, together with mouse and rat ficolin‐A, associate with mannan‐binding lectin‐associated serine proteases (MASPs) and activate the lectin pathway of complement on PAMPs. By contrast, mouse ficolin‐B does not bind MASPs and cannot activate complement. Because of these striking differences together with the lack of functional information for other ficolin‐B orthologues, we have characterized rat ficolin‐B, and compared its physical and biochemical properties with its serum counterpart. The data show that both rat ficolins have archetypal structures consisting of oligomers of a trimeric subunit. Ficolin‐B recognized mainly sialyated sugars, characteristic of exogenous and endogenous ligands, whereas ficolin‐A had a surprisingly narrow specificity, binding strongly to only one of 320 structures tested: an N‐acetylated trisaccharide. Surprisingly, rat ficolin‐B activated MASP‐2 comparable to ficolin‐A. Mutagenesis data reveal that lack of activity in mouse ficolin‐B is probably caused by a single amino acid change in the putative MASP‐binding site that blocks the ficolin‐MASP interaction.
Efficient Treg depletion induces T‐cell infiltration and rejection of large tumors
Authors: Li Xingrui , Kostareli Efterpi , Suffner Janine , Garbi Natalio , Hämmerling Günter J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThere are a number of factors that hamper immunotherapy of cancer. For example, tumors exhibit an aberrant vasculature that appears to form a barrier against T‐cell infiltration. Another major obstacle is created by Treg. So far, conventional depletion of Treg with anti‐CD25 antibodies, which eliminate only 70% of Treg, has failed to significantly reduce the growth of established tumors. Using Foxp3.LuciDTR‐4 mice, we show here that 90–95% Treg depletion resulted in complete regression of large established tumors, whereas 70% depletion was ineffective. The extensive Treg depletion induced a number of processes that are critical for tumor rejection, including activation of tumor‐specific CD8+ T cells and enhanced infiltration of these cells into the tumor. The precise mechanism of enhanced infiltration is not known, but normalization of the tumor vasculature is assumed to assist infiltration. Indeed, we observed that 90% Treg depletion caused normalization of the tumor vasculature as indicated by a reduction in leakiness and the number of dilated vessels. These results suggest that for clinical immunotherapy of cancer, it would be desirable to have reagents that allow high‐level depletion of Treg, which, in conjunction with treatment modalities such as vaccination, may concomitantly increase T‐cell activation and infiltration.
Synthesis and Structure of Trisilane‐1,3‐diyl ansa Half‐Sandwich Complexes of Group 6 Metals
Authors: Braunschweig Holger , Dörfler Rainer , Hammond Kai , Mies Jan , Radacki Krzysztof 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe present the synthesis and characterization of the firsttrisila‐bridged ansa half‐sandwich complexes of Group 6 transition metals in a one‐step synthesis from dilithiatedprecursors Li[M(η5‐C5H4Li)(CO)3] (M = W, Mo) by use ofstoichiometric amounts of Si3Me6Cl2 under dilute conditions. Variation of the reaction conditions leads to dinuclear trisila‐bridged half‐sandwich complexes, which were also characterized.
Optimization of oil extraction from locust bean using response surface methodology
Authors: Akinoso Rahman , Raji Akeem Olayemi 
Published: October 2010

AbstractOptimization of oil extraction from locust beans (Parkia biglobosa) using central composite rotatable design of RSM was carried out. Independent variables were roasting temperature (90, 100, 110, 120, 130°C) and roasting duration (5, 10 15, 20, 25 min), while the responses were oil yield (OY), free fatty acid (FFA), color (CO), stability, anisidine value (AV), and specific gravity (SG). Data obtained from this study were analyzed using ANOVA and regression analysis. OY, FFA, CO, oil stability, AV, and SG of the oil ranged between (19.0–22.5%), (0.65–3.1%), (37.9–199.9 mg/L), (3.6–6.4%), (11.4–59.9 mg/L), (0.7–0.9), respectively. Roasting conditions significantly influenced all dependent variables at p<0.05. Coefficients of determination (R2) of the generated models ranged from 0.49 to 0.98. Optimum roasting condition was 108°C for 10 min. This gave 22.3% OY, 1.7% FFA, 54.9 mg/L CO, 4.1% stability, 16.5 mg/L AV, and 0.9 SG. Desirability of 0.8 was obtained for optimum conditions.Practical applications: Generally, African locust bean is fermented to give condiment. It has not been used for commercial oil production despite its richness in oil, but soybean with a similar oil content of about 18–20% has been used both for condiment and commercial oil production. Research into the potential of locust bean as a source of edible oil is desirable. Roasting is among pre‐treatment methods employed in vegetable oil industry. Information on degree of influence of these parameters on quantity and quality of oil recovered oil from African locust benefits both entrepreneur and researchers. Also, the developed mathematical expression for OY, FFA, CO, oil stability, AV, and SG, as influenced by roasting temperature and duration is an effective tool in predicting these parameters. The research output has both immediate and potential application.
Effects of Orlistat on white adipose tissue (WAT) in the γ‐irradiated mouse model
Authors: Roh Changhyun , Choi Nam‐Hee , Park Hae‐Ran , Jung Uhee , Jo Sung Kee 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn this study, we showed that γ‐irradiation could trigger biological response like the fat accumulation of gonadal white adipose tissue (gWAT) in mice. The irradiated animal can be used as a useful model for evaluation of anti‐obesity drugs. To induce the fat accumulation by γ‐irradiation, 2‐months‐old female C57BL/6 mice were irradiated at 5 Gy and further raised for 6 months. Subsequently, the mice were i.p. injected daily with Orlistat (25 mg/kg) or vehicle for 3 wk and analyzed for the adipose tissue weight and serum triglyceride and T‐cholesterol levels. The abdominal WAT of the γ‐irradiated mice weighed an average of 3.9/100 g body weight, 1.7‐fold higher than what was seen in normal mice (2.3/100 g body weight), indicating that γ‐irradiation induced the fat accumulation in the adipose tissue. However, the administration of Orlistat, a well‐known anti‐obesity agent, significantly reduced the adipose tissue weight to 1.7/100 g body weight in irradiated mice. In addition, in these Orlistat‐treated mice, a significant reduction of serum triglyceride and T‐cholesterol was observed up to 14% and 27%, respectively.
Reaction of Baylis–Hillman Adducts with Fluorinated Silanes
Authors: Zemtsov Artem A. , Levin Vitalij V. , Dilman Alexander D. , Struchkova Marina I. , Belyakov Pavel A. , Tartakovsky Vladimir A. , Hu Jinbo 
Published: October 2010

AbstractReactions of acylated Baylis–Hillman adducts bearing nitrile, ester, or ketone groups with C6F5‐substituted silicon reagents MenSi(C6F5)4–n (n = 1–3) have been studied. The reactions are initiated by Bu4NOAc (5 mol‐%) in MeCN or DMF under mild conditions and afford products of allylic substitution of the acetoxy group by the C6F5 carbanion in good yields. Predominant or exclusive formation of one geometrical isomer was observed in all cases (Z for nitriles, E for esters and ketones). For substrates containing carbonyl groups, nucleophilic attack of the C6F5 carbanion chemoselectively occurred at the C=C bond. Reactions of acylated Baylis–Hillman adducts with Me3SiCF3 were found to be inefficient, as the CF3 carbanion had the propensity to attack the C=O bond of substrates with ester or ketone substituents.
The Use of a Single Derivative in the Configurational Assignment of Ketone Cyanohydrins
Authors: Louzao Iria , Seco José M. , Quiñoá Emilio , Riguera Ricardo 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe absolute stereochemistry of ketone cyanohydrins can be easily determined by preparing a single MPA derivative. The comparison of two NMR spectra at different temperatures allows the assignment by just paying attention to the evolution of the cyanohydrin chemical shifts. The special case of α‐aryl‐substituted cyanohydrins is also described.
Purified silk fibroin‐L‐asparaginase bioconjugates show increased thermostability and resistance to trypsin digestion
Authors: Wang Bochu , Cao Yang 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBioconjugation protocols have been recently used to improve the therapeutic properties of the anti‐leukemic enzyme L‐asparaginase. In this study, we study the variation of reaction factors, such as mass ratio, pH value, reaction temperature and time, and the concentration of cross‐linker, in the modification reaction of L‐asparaginase with silk fibroins. The optimum reaction parameters were obtained as follows: pH 7.0, mass ratio of silk fibroin to L‐asparaginase 5:1, reaction time 8 h, and temperature 4°C. The rate of ε‐amino group modification was 57.88% and the recovery of modified L‐asparaginase was 66.58% under these reaction conditions. We isolated and purified the silk‐L‐asparaginase conjugates with two consecutive chromatography steps: anion‐exchange (XK 16×20, Q Sepharose FF) and gel filtration (Tricorn 10×600, Sephcryl S‐300 HR) chromatography. Finally, the stabilities of the enzymes were investigated. The results showed that modified L‐asparaginase had a higher thermostability and higher resistance to trypsin digestion.
Laryngeal cancer in Egypt: Quality of life measurement with different treatment modalities
Authors: Hamid Ossama A. , El Fiky Lobna M. , Medani Medani M. , AbdelHady Ayman , Ali Hanan H. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackgroundQuality of life (QOL) reflects the need to assess the patient's overall sense of well‐being. A nonrandomized, prospective longitudinal study was conducted to evaluate QOL in Egyptian patients treated for laryngeal cancer.MethodsIn all, 60 newly diagnosed patients with laryngeal cancer were divided into 3 groups: surgical resection, radiotherapy, and combined therapy. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaires (EORTC‐QLQ) were administered to the patients at 4 points: prior to treatment, during active treatment, and at 3 and 6 months after completion of treatment.ResultsAll pretreatment scales were worse in the combined therapy group. The functional scales reached their lowest levels in all groups during active treatment. Radiotherapy group scales showed persistent slow recovery. There was striking prevalence of the financial difficulties score in all groups.ConclusionQOL measurement provides information to guide clinical decision making in patients treated for laryngeal carcinoma. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Outcome of transoral laser microsurgery for T2‐T3 tumors growing in the laryngeal anterior commissure
Authors: Blanch José‐Luis , Vilaseca Isabel , Caballero Miguel , Moragas Miguel , Berenguer Joan , Bernal‐Sprekelsen Manuel 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the outcomes of transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) in the treatment of T2 to T3 laryngeal carcinomas growing in the laryngeal anterior commissure.MethodsThis study was a retrospective analysis of 107 patients. Overall survival, disease‐specific survival, and laryngectomy‐free survival were analyzed. Technical difficulties, postoperative complications, influence of the learning curve, and the number of surgeries were evaluated.ResultsFive‐year overall survival, disease‐specific survival, and laryngectomy‐free survival were 71%, 79.5%, and 71.4%, respectively. The probability of tumor relapse was related to the status of the margins (p = .01) and to surgical experience (p = .02), but not to tumor exposure (p = .78) or pT category (p = .36). Disease‐specific survival differed significantly between the group of patients treated in the early period of surgical experience and those treated in the advanced period of surgical experience (71% vs 94%; p = .02)ConclusionTLM is a useful treatment for T2 to T3 laryngeal carcinomas growing in the laryngeal anterior commissure when it is performed under an advanced learning curve. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Interactional quality depicted in infant and toddler videos: where are the interactions?
Authors: Fenstermacher Susan K. , Barr Rachel , Brey Elizabeth , Pempek Tiffany A. , Ryan Maureen , Calvert Sandra L. , Shwery Clay E. , Linebarger Deborah 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis study examined the social–emotional content and the quality of social interactions depicted in a sample of 58 DVDs marketed towards infants and toddlers. Infant‐directed videos rarely used social interactions between caregiver and child or between peers to present content. Even when videos explicitly targeted social–emotional content, correlations between educational claims and the actual content of the videos were modest at best. Similarly, other domain content (e.g. language skills) that is best learned through high‐quality social interactions was typically depicted without social interactions. The results suggest that producers of infant‐directed media are not applying developmental principles or research evidence in ways that take full advantage of developmentally appropriate interaction strategies to present their content. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pretreatment for acute exposure to diisopropylfluorophosphate: in vivo efficacy of various acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
Authors: Lorke Dietrich E. , Hasan Mohamed Y. , Nurulain Syed M. , Shafiullah Mohamed , Kuča Kamil , Petroianu Georg A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractProphylactic administration of reversible acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors before exposure to organophosphorus compounds (OPCs) can reduce OPC‐induced mortality. Pyridostigmine is the only FDA‐approved substance for such use. The AChE‐inhibitory activity of known AChE inhibitors was quantified in vitro and their in vivo mortality‐reducing efficacy was compared, when given prophylactically before the exposure to the OPC diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP). The IC50 was measured in vitro for the known AChE inhibitors pyridostigmine, physostigmine, ranitidine, tiapride, tacrine, 7‐methoxytacrine, amiloride, metoclopramide, methylene blue and the experimental oxime K‐27. Their in vivo efficacy, when given as pretreatment, to protect rats from DFP‐induced mortality was quantified by determining the relative risk of death (RR) by Cox analysis, with RR = 1 for animals given only DFP, but no pretreatment. Physostigmine was the strongest in vitro AChE‐inhibitor (IC50 = 0.012 µ m), followed by 7‐methoxytacrine, tacrine, pyridostigmine and methylene blue. Ranitidine (IC50 = 2.5 µ m), metoclopramide and amiloride were in the mid‐range. Tiapride (IC50 = 256 µ m) and K‐27 (IC50 = 414 µ m) only weakly inhibited RBC AChE activity. Best in vivo protection from DFP‐induced mortality was achieved when physostigmine (RR = 0.02) or tacrine (RR = 0.05) was given before DFP exposure, which was significantly superior to the pretreatment with all other tested compounds, except K‐27 (RR = 0.18). The mortality‐reducing effect of pyridostigmine, ranitidine and 7‐methoxytacrine was inferior, but still significant. Tiapride, methylene blue, metoclopramide and amiloride did not significantly improve DFP‐induced mortality. K‐27 may be a more efficacious alternative to pyridostigmine, when passage into the brain precludes administration of physostigmine or tacrine. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Continuous ethanol fermentation in a closed‐circulating system using an immobilized cell coupled with PDMS membrane pervaporation
Authors: Ding Wen‐Wu , Wu Yun‐Tao , Tang Xiao‐Yu , Yuan Lin , Xiao Ze‐Yi 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: A closed‐circulating system for ethanol fermentation was constructed by coupling a cell‐immobilized bed fermentor with pervaporation using a composite PDMS membrane. A continuous fermentation experiment was carried out for about 250 h in the system at 28 °C.RESULTS: The cell density in the immobilized bed was up to 1.76 × 1010 cells g−1 gel. The ethanol concentration in the broth was maintained at about 43 g L−1. The glucose utilization and ethanol productivity were 23.26 g L−1 h−1 and 9.6 g L−1 h−1, respectively. The total flux and the ethanol flux through the membrane pervaporation unit varied in the range 300–690 g m−2 h−1 and 61–190 g m−2 h−1, respectively. The average ethanol concentration in the permeate was 23.1% (wt%). The carbon recovery efficiency was 86.8% (wt%), determined by calculating the carbon balance kinetics. The effect of ethanol concentration in the broth on the ethanol productivity was analyzed by modeling product formation kinetics of the system.CONCLUSIONS: Compared with the traditional free cell fermentation system and packed bed fermentation system, the closed‐circulating system has the promising features of higher glucose utilization and ethanol productivity, and cleaner production. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Electricity generation from molasses wastewater by an anaerobic baffled stacking microbial fuel cell
Authors: Zhong Chen , Zhang Baogang , Kong Lingcai , Xue An , Ni Jinren 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: The conventional treatment of molasses wastewater has many disadvantages including intensive energy requirements, excessive chemicals consumption and large quantities of waste generation. The microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a promising technology for power generation along with wastewater treatment. However, low power output and high construction costs limit the scale‐up and field implementation of MFCs. In this study, a novel anaerobic baffled stacking microbial fuel cell (ABSMFC) composed of four units was constructed and used to treat molasses wastewater.RESULTS: The ABSMFC was operated at three different organic loading rates (OLRs) and the highest average power density of 115.5 ± 2.7 mW m−2 was achieved for the four units at an OLR of 3.20 kg COD m−3 d−1. Accordingly, 50–70% of total COD removal efficiency was accomplished. Power generation was further improved in terms of voltage or current by connecting units in series or parallel. The low voltage loss (8.1%) during series connection resulted from low parasitic current of adjacent units.CONCLUSION: The ABSMFC is effective for molasses wastewater treatment. It can promote current or voltage output and minimize energy loss during series connection. This is a promising scalable architecture and can be combined with other existing wastewater treatment technologies. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
A rare association between mitral valve fibroelastoma and myxomatous disease with severe mitral regurgitation
Authors: Sisu Roxana Cristina , Lanzillo Guido , Benea Diana Crina , Cerin Gheorghe , Vinereanu Dragos 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe report a rare case of association between mitral valve fibroelastoma and myxomatous disease in a patient with long history of asymptomatic myxomatous disease and progressive severe mitral regurgitation. The tumor was an intraoperative transesophageal echocardiographic finding and was confirmed during surgery. The differential diagnosis of the echocardiographic image was infective endocarditis. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2011.