bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ATTITUDE TOWARD MENTAL ILLNESS: A COMMUNITY BASED SURVEY
Authors: Talib Uroosa , Mehmood Nasir , Ahmed Ashfaque , Tariq Qudsia 
Published: May 2024

Background: Publics’ attitudes and approach towards mental illness highly influence their behaviors in the way they treat, support, and help a person facing challenges of mental illness.
Objective: The present study envisioned to assess the literate and informally educated community person’s attitude toward mental illness and mentally ill patients in Karachi, Pakistan.
Methods: The descriptive survey research design was adopted for the present study. Data was collected from various areas of Karachi city, using the attitude Scale for Mental Illness (ASMI), which has also been used in several studies worldwide. A total of 189 community-literate and informal educated people were recruited from different areas.
Results: On the Separatism, Restrictiveness, and Stereotyping sub-scales, similar positive results of literate people and informal educated people agreed with the statement. Significant differences were found in the Pessimistic Prediction sub-scale. A higher percentage of informal educated people (72.5%) than literate (51.2%) felt (χ2=8.204, p<0.005). Stigmatization sub-scale: it’s a pleasant response that more than two-thirds of literate (74.1%) and informal educated people (79%) disagree. On the Benevolence sub-scale: almost half of the literate (45.6%) and more than half of informal educated community people (61.3%) also agreed that ‘people are prejudiced towards people with mental illness’ (χ2=8.103, p<0.357).
Conclusion: literate and informal educated people were showing similar positive attitudes on some subscales towards people with a mental illness but on some subscales, both groups were showing negative attitudes toward people with mental illness. There is scope for further research including examining the effects of educational interventions.
Design and Development of Automatic Universal Chain Type Vegetable Transplanter
Authors: Ray Amit , Moses S C 
Published: May 2024

Many vegetable crops are best grown by growing seeds in a controlled environment and then transplanting seedlings to the field. Transplanting methods have dramatically improved in recent years, but are still very labour intensive. Mechanization of Feeding of the seedlings on vegetable transplanter face many restrictions due to non-uniformity in shape and size of the seedings and different transplantation spacing requirement, since the yield of various crops are determined by spacing of the seedlings. Even today, many transplanting methods rely on human labour to place seedlings directly into a planting mechanism and to determine the correct spacing. Manual Transplantation involve repetitive prolonged awkward posture which pose high risk of musculoskeletal disorder. There exists a need of universal transplanter which is economical, effective, ergonomically fit and transplant the seedlings at uniform predefined spacing irrespective of shape and size. Chain Type vegetable transplanter could be the solution to the above discussed problems. The designed transplanter enables the farmers to plant the seedling tape of any shape/size at desired plant to plant distance and to do so rapidly, thereby quickly disposing the seedlings at precise depth, properly oriented and at correctly spaced intervals. This can be achieved in certain steps, which involves the steps of unwinding the honeycomb arranged plant tape in seedling tray, making furrow in the ground, cutting the tape & placing it in furrow in the ground, and pressing it firmly in furrow. There is also provision to adjust the plant-to-plant spacing using the gear shifter and number of cutting blades to adjust the distance between two simultaneous seedlings drop in furrow. Transplantation speed of 71 Plants per minutes can be achieved thus saving time of transplantation, labour need and cost of transplantation.
Trend detection of annual and seasonal rainfall in Calabria (Southern Italy)
Authors: Caloiero Tommaso , Coscarelli Roberto , Ferrari Ennio , Mancini Marco 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn order to investigate the behaviour of climatic and hydrological variables, several statistical and stochastic techniques are currently applied to time series. In the present study a statistical analysis of annual and seasonal precipitation has been performed over 109 cumulated rainfall series with more than 50 years of data observed in a region of Southern Italy (Calabria). Trend analyses have been made by using both nonparametric (Mann–Kendall test) and parametric (linear regression analysis) procedures. The long historical series of monthly rainfall data employed in this work have been previously processed through a pre‐whitening (PW) technique in order to reduce the autocorrelation of rainfall series and its effects on outcomes of trend detection. The application of the above mentioned procedures has shown a decreasing trend for annual and winter–autumn rainfall and an increasing trend for summer precipitation. Moreover the Mann–Whitney test has been used to evidence the possible change points in the data. The higher percentages of rainfall series show possible year changes during decade 1960–1970 for almost all of the temporal aggregation rainfall. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
The interaction effect of relational norms and agent cooperativeness on opportunism in buyer–supplier relationships
Authors: Tangpong Chanchai , Hung Kuo‐Ting , Ro Young K. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn this study, we examined the effect of relational norms and agent cooperativeness on opportunism in buyer–supplier relationships. Drawing from the theoretical grounding of transaction cost economics, personality trait theory, and contingency theory, we proposed three distinct perspectives on opportunism mitigation in buyer–supplier relationships: (1) organizationalist, (2) individualist, and (3) interactionist, where relational norms, agent cooperativeness, and the interaction between them, respectively, serve as the key predictors in these three perspectives. The results of replicated experiments indicated that relational norms and agent cooperativeness interact with each other in mitigating opportunism and that the interactionist perspective yielded the highest explained variance in opportunism. This suggests that the interactionist perspective, a multi‐level theoretical lens encompassing the dynamic interplay between organization‐level and individual‐level factors, was a more complete model in explaining opportunism than either the organizationalist or individualist perspectives. The consensus which emerged from post‐experimental interviews of purchasing professionals is that agent personalities play an important role in buyer–supplier relationships. Some purchasing professionals had observed that uncooperative agents or personnel turnover in the boundary‐spanning functions can substantially undermine even established relational exchanges. These qualitative findings are in line with our theoretical arguments and experimental outcomes.
Is universalism a problem for particularists?
Authors: Crisp Oliver 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn a previous article entitled ‘Augustinian Universalism’, I argued that the principles of Augustinianism are compatible with universalism. For those who reason to Augustinianism on the basis of biblical-theological arguments, this may not be terribly troubling. However, if the logic of Augustinianism is consistent with universalism this sets up an Augustinian problem of evil. For if God could have created a world where all would have been saved, but did not, this calls divine benevolence into question. In this article, I set out to rebut Augustinian universalism by arguing that there are good theological reasons for thinking God does not bring about the salvation of all humanity.
Testosterone: clinical relevance in ageing men
Authors: Huupponen Risto , Huhtaniemi Ilpo , Lehtonen Aapo 
Published: December 2009

SummaryTestosterone production declines with age in men. The decline is associated with several risk factors and diseases, including obesity and cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, diminished muscular, cognitive and sexual function and changes in body composition. Androgen treatment in elderly men has mostly been addressed in small short-term studies, and larger long-term investigations with sufficient statistical power are still needed for a proper evaluation of the benefit-risk-ratio of testosterone treatment. Current data do not support testosterone supplementation in healthy, asymptomatic older men with normal or low-normal testosterone levels. Treatment may be beneficial in older men with clear hypoandrogenic symptoms, especially reduced libido, erectile dysfunction and decreased muscle strength, if testosterone concentration is consistently low, and the patient selection, counselling and follow-up are adequate.
Characterization of SiGe Films for Use as a National Institute of Standards and Technology Microanalysis Reference Material (RM 8905)
Authors: Marinenko Ryna B. , Turner Shirley , Simons David S. , Rabb Savelas A. , Zeisler Rolf L. , Yu Lee L. , Newbury Dale E. , Paul Rick L. , Ritchie Nicholas W.M. , Leigh Stefan D. , Winchester Michael R. , Richter Lee J. , Meier Douglas C. , Scott Keana C.K. , Klinedinst Donna , Small John A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBulk silicon-germanium (SiGe) alloys and two SiGe thick films (4 and 5 μm) on Si wafers were tested with the electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) using wavelength dispersive spectrometers (WDS) for heterogeneity and composition for use as reference materials needed by the microelectronics industry. One alloy with a nominal composition of Si0.86Ge0.14and the two thick films with nominal compositions of Si0.90Ge0.10and Si0.75Ge0.25on Si, evaluated for micro- and macroheterogeneity, will make good microanalysis reference materials with an overall expanded heterogeneity uncertainty of 1.1% relative or less for Ge. The bulk Ge composition in the Si0.86Ge0.14alloy was determined to be 30.228% mass fraction Ge with an expanded uncertainty of the mean of 0.195% mass fraction. The thick films were quantified with WDS-EPMA using both the Si0.86Ge0.14alloy and element wafers as reference materials. The Ge concentration was determined to be 22.80% mass fraction with an expanded uncertainty of the mean of 0.12% mass fraction for the Si0.90Ge0.10wafer and 43.66% mass fraction for the Si0.75Ge0.25wafer with an expanded uncertainty of the mean of 0.25% mass fraction. The two thick SiGe films will be issued as National Institute of Standards and Technology Reference Materials (RM 8905).
Introduction
Authors: Rimbault Edward F. 
Published: December 2009

The Chapels attached to the Palaces of Sovereigns form a remarkable feature of Christian Europe, and, from the earliest time on record, they seem to have been served on the same grand scale as the Cathedrals.In England the Chapel Royal is the most ancient choir concerning which we have any authentic account. In olden times it was the fullest, best appointed, and the most remarkable for its excellence in the performance of the choral service.As regards the constitution of this establishment, Dr. Jebb, in his valuable work orr “The Choral Service of the United Church of England and Ireland ” (1843, 8vo. p. 147), gives us the followingThe earliest facts on record relating to the “King's Chapel ” are contained in the Liber Niger Domus Regis, a MS. of the time of Edward IV. in which an account is given of this establishment in the reign of that monarch.
A meta‐analysis of erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents in anaemic patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Jin Bo , Luo Xinping , Lin Haihong , Li Jian , Shi Haiming 
Published: December 2009

AimsAnaemia is a frequent comorbidity in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and is associated with worse outcomes. It is logical to consider whether correcting anaemia is a novel therapeutic target in such patients. We performed a meta‐analysis to explore whether treatment of anaemia with erythropoietin‐stimulating agents (ESA) can improve symptoms and progression in patients with CHF.Methods and resultsStudies were identified in English‐language articles by searching PUBMED (inception to May 2009). A standardized protocol with predefined criteria was used to extract details on study design, Jadad score, demographic data, interventions, and outcomes. The main outcome measures were cardiac function, exercise capacity, quality of life, and all‐cause mortality. Seven randomized controlled trials involving 678 patients were identified and included in the analysis. Cardiac function as well as exercise capacity were improved post‐treatment in the ESA group; however, the overall deaths analysis demonstrated a lower trend but no significant protective effect in the ESA treatment group (RR, 0.71; 95% confidence interval, 0.41–1.24; P = 0.23).ConclusionThis meta‐analysis suggests a symptomatic improvement in anaemic patients with CHF receiving ESA. However, a non‐significant reduction in all‐cause mortality in the ESA treatment group compared with the control group was observed.
The Arabidopsis BET Bromodomain Factor GTE4 Is Involved in Maintenance of the Mitotic Cell Cycle during Plant Development
Authors: Airoldi Chiara A. , Rovere Federica Della , Falasca Giuseppina , Marino Giada , Kooiker Maarten , Altamura Maria Maddalena , Citterio Sandra , Kater Martin M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBromodomain and Extra Terminal domain (BET) proteins are characterized by the presence of two types of domains, the bromodomain and the extra terminal domain. They bind to acetylated lysines present on histone tails and control gene transcription. They are also well known to play an important role in cell cycle regulation. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), there are 12 BET genes; however, only two of them, IMBIBITION INDUCIBLE1 and GENERAL TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR GROUP E6 (GTE6), were functionally analyzed. We characterized GTE4 and show that gte4 mutant plants have some characteristic features of cell cycle mutants. Their size is reduced, and they have jagged leaves and a reduced number of cells in most organs. Moreover, cell size is considerably increased in the root, and, interestingly, the root quiescent center identity seems to be partially lost. Cell cycle analyses revealed that there is a delay in activation of the cell cycle during germination and a premature arrest of cell proliferation, with a switch from mitosis to endocycling, leading to a statistically significant increase in ploidy levels in the differentiated organs of gte4 plants. Our results point to a role of GTE4 in cell cycle regulation and specifically in the maintenance of the mitotic cell cycle.
Immunohistochemical analysis of CYP2A13 in various types of human lung cancers
Authors: Fukami Tatsuki , Nakajima Miki , Matsumoto Isao , Zen Yoh , Oda Makoto , Yokoi Tsuyoshi 
Published: December 2009

Human CYP2A13, which is expressed in the respiratory tract, is the most efficient enzyme for the metabolic activation of tobacco‐specific nitrosamines such as 4‐(methylnitrosamino)‐1‐(3‐pyridyl)‐1‐butanone (NNK). The relevance of CYP2A13 in carcinogenicity and toxicity in the respiratory tract has been suggested, but the expression of CYP2A13 protein in lung cancer tissues remains to be determined. We first prepared a mouse monoclonal antibody against human CYP2A13. The antibody showed no cross reactivity with the other CYP isoforms including CYP2A6. Using the specific antibody, we performed immunohistochemical analysis for human lung carcinomas. In adenocarcinomas (n = 15), all specimens were positive for the staining and five samples showed strong staining. In squamous cell carcinomas (n = 15) and large cell carcinomas (n = 15), each 14 samples were positive for the staining and two and three samples showed strong staining, respectively. In small cell carcinoma samples (n = 15), eight samples were negative for the staining and five samples showed weak or moderate staining. In conclusion, we first found that the expression of CYP2A13 was markedly increased in non‐small cell lung carcinomas. The high expression might be associated with the tumor development and progression in non‐small cell lung carcinomas.(Cancer Sci2010; 101: 1024–1028)
Livestock Associated Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LaMRSA) Isolated from Lesions of Pigs at Necropsy in Northwest Germany Between 2004 and 2007
Authors: Meemken D. , Blaha T. , Tegeler R. , Tenhagen B.‐A. , Guerra B. , Hammerl J. A. , Hertwig S. , Käsbohrer A. , Appel B. , Fetsch A. 
Published: December 2009

SummaryAn increasing number of reported detections of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in food animals since 2007 has led to the assumption that there is an emerging zoonotic problem with livestock associated (la)MRSA potentially aggravating the MRSA problem in humans. It was the objective of the study to investigate, whether MRSA was present in clinical specimens of pigs collected at post‐mortem since 2004 and to further characterize these isolates. We studied 138 isolates of S. aureus collected between 2004 and 2007 from various pathological lesions of pigs at necropsy. Potential MRSA were identified by growth on selective chromogenic media. Isolates were confirmed as MRSA using multiplex PCR. Confirmed isolates were spa‐ and SCCmec‐typed and were tested for antimicrobial resistance. Overall, 60 (43%) S. aureus isolates were identified as MRSA. The majority (57/60) of the MRSA isolates found in the altered porcine tissues were spa‐types associated with MRSA ST398. Three MRSA were ST97 isolates, a type that has not been described as an MRSA in pigs before. Other clonal complexes (ST9, ST30) dominated among the methicillin‐sensitive S. aureus. MRSA were found in similar frequency in all 4 years. We assume that MRSA in pigs may have occurred earlier than 2004 and might be not really ‘emerging’, but rather have been overlooked until recently. The potentially causative role of the MRSA in the lesions warrants further investigation.
Outbreaks of Keratoconjunctivitis in a Camel Herd Caused by a Specific Biovar ofMoraxella canis
Authors: Tejedor-Junco María Teresa , Gutiérrez Carlos , González Margarita , Fernández Ana , Wauters Georges , De Baere Thierry , Deschaght Pieter , Vaneechoutte Mario 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTTwo tributyrin hydrolysis-negativeMoraxellaisolates obtained in cases of keratoconjunctivitis inCamelus dromedariusin the Canary Islands showed highest degrees of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity toMoraxella canis. A level of DNA relatedness to theM. canistype strain of 79% confirmed the identity of the isolates as a tributyrin hydrolysis-negative biovar ofM. canis.
The Structure of the Poxvirus A33 Protein Reveals a Dimer of Unique C-Type Lectin-Like Domains
Authors: Su Hua-Poo , Singh Kavita , Gittis Apostolos G. , Garboczi David N. 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACT

The current vaccine against smallpox is an infectious form of vaccinia virus that has significant side effects. Alternative vaccine approaches using recombinant viral proteins are being developed. A target of subunit vaccine strategies is the poxvirus protein A33, a conserved protein in the
Chordopoxvirinae
subfamily of
Poxviridae
that is expressed on the outer viral envelope. Here we have determined the structure of the A33 ectodomain of vaccinia virus. The structure revealed C-type lectin-like domains (CTLDs) that occur as dimers in A33 crystals with five different crystal lattices. Comparison of the A33 dimer models shows that the A33 monomers have a degree of flexibility in position within the dimer. Structural comparisons show that the A33 monomer is a close match to the Link module class of CTLDs but that the A33 dimer is most similar to the natural killer (NK)-cell receptor class of CTLDs. Structural data on Link modules and NK-cell receptor-ligand complexes suggest a surface of A33 that could interact with viral or host ligands. The dimer interface is well conserved in all known A33 sequences, indicating an important role for the A33 dimer. The structure indicates how previously described A33 mutations disrupt protein folding and locates the positions of N-linked glycosylations and the epitope of a protective antibody.
Human Cytomegalovirus TR Strain Glycoprotein O Acts as a Chaperone Promoting gH/gL Incorporation into Virions but Is Not Present in Virions
Authors: Ryckman Brent J. , Chase Marie C. , Johnson David C. 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACT
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) produces the following two gH/gL complexes: gH/gL/gO and gH/gL/UL128-131. Entry into epithelial and endothelial cells requires gH/gL/UL128-131, and we have provided evidence that gH/gL/UL128-131 binds saturable epithelial cell receptors to mediate entry. HCMV does not require gH/gL/UL128-131 to enter fibroblasts, and laboratory adaptation to fibroblasts results in mutations in the UL128-131 genes, abolishing infection of epithelial and endothelial cells. HCMV gO-null mutants produce very small plaques on fibroblasts yet can spread on endothelial cells. Thus, one prevailing model suggests that gH/gL/gO mediates infection of fibroblasts, while gH/gL/UL128-131 mediates entry into epithelial/endothelial cells. Most biochemical studies of gO have involved the HCMV lab strain AD169, which does not assemble gH/gL/UL128-131 complexes. We examined gO produced by the low-passage clinical HCMV strain TR. Surprisingly, TR gO was not detected in purified extracellular virus particles. In TR-infected cells, gO remained sensitive to endoglycosidase H, suggesting that the protein was not exported from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). However, TR gO interacted with gH/gL in the ER and promoted export of gH/gL from the ER to the Golgi apparatus. Pulse-chase experiments showed that a fraction of gO remained bound to gH/gL for relatively long periods, but gO eventually dissociated or was degraded and was not found in extracellular virions or secreted from cells. The accompanying report by P. T. Wille et al. (J. Virol., 84:2585-2596, 2010) showed that a TR gO-null mutant failed to incorporate gH/gL into virions and that the mutant was unable to enter fibroblasts and epithelial and endothelial cells. We concluded that gO acts as a molecular chaperone, increasing gH/gL ER export and incorporation into virions. It appears that gO competes with UL128-131 for binding onto gH/gL but is released from gH/gL, so that gH/gL (lacking UL128-131) is incorporated into virions. Thus, our revised model suggests that both gH/gL and gH/gL/UL128-131 are required for entry into epithelial and endothelial cells.
In Search of Hybridity: Inculturation, Interculturation and Transculturation in Contemporary Religious Art in Britain
Authors: Vinzent Jutta 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis essay explores contemporary religious art in Britain through the lens of Homi K. Bhabha’s concept of hybridity. While he leaves it rather ‘ambivalent’, this essay suggests that in visual representations, various forms of hybridity can be distinguished: inculturation, interculturation and transculturation. These three types, hijacked from religious dialogue discourses, show a variety of power relations in representation and context; while incultural elements are based on a dominant versus subordinate role, intercultural ones form a dialogue; both expand iconographic vocabularies. Transcultural symbols refer to those which are existing parts of a variety of iconographies; these thus ‘merge’ visually different cultural heritages; their interpretation is, in the true sense of Bhabha, hybrid. The essay concludes by referring to the limits of transcultural symbols, which accept losses, blurs and shifts. The entire analysis is based on Hindu and Christian iconographies exploited by Caroline Mackenzie in her four wooden panels located for the Catholic Church in St. Helen in Caerphilly (Wales), commissioned in 1999.