bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective Detection of As(V) with High Sensitivity by As-deposited Boron-doped Diamond Electrodes
Authors: Nagaoka Yasutaka , Ivandini Tribidasari A , Yamada Daisuke , Fujita Shinoka , Yamanuki Mikito , Einaga Yasuaki 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Electrochemical selective detection of not only As(III) but also As(V) has been investigated by anodic stripping voltammetry. Here, instead of using modified working electrodes, simple as-deposited boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes were used with the addition of gold ions in the sample solution as a catalyst for the electrochemical reaction. A potential-step technique was performed to minimize the hydrogen evolution effect that occurs at the highly negative potential such as −1.5 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) for the reduction of As(V). The present method realized very high sensitivity with an experimental detection limit of 12 ppb and excellent stability for the detection of both As(III) and As(V) as well as mixed solutions of these forms.
New Class of Catalysts for Alternating Copolymerization of Alkylene Oxide and Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Okada Atsushi , Kikuchi Satoshi , Nakano Koji , Nishioka Kiyoshi , Nozaki Kyoko , Yamada Tohru 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Di(ketoiminato)cobalt complexes have been employed for the alternating copolymerization of alkylene oxide and carbon dioxide. These complexes exhibited not only good catalytic activity for polycarbonate synthesis, but also an excellent selectivity for the formation of carbonate linkages without any ether linkage in the reaction of several alkylene oxides, especially for ethylene oxide.
Emergency Release for Winter Sports Equipment
Authors: Schott Wolfgang , Senner Veit 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Using a pyrotechnical pill, Winter sports equipment can be electrically released and removed, where mechanical opening is impossible because of missing torque between binding and equipment, e.g., at avalanche and tree-well situations or at ski base jumping with a wingsuit. Since the pill driven binding opening is very fast (∼1 ms), it may also be advantageous at a ski downhill racer accident.
Fault Detection of Water Hydraulic Motor by Demodulated Vibration Signal Analysis with the Hilbert Transform and Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Wang Qingjun , Chen Hanxin , Chua Patrick , Hian Lim Geok 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
The vibration signals analysis from the water hydraulic motor is the most modern technique for fault detection of water hydraulic motor. The machine’s residual life is estimated by the detection of the fault presence and type at an earlier stage for the adequate plan of maintenance. The most important components in the impulsive vibration signal spectra are the rotational frequency and its harmonics as well as sidebands due to modulation phenomena. This paper studied the fault detection of fluid machines by the demodulated frequency components of the periodic impulse vibration signal. We apply the Hilbert transform to demodulate the characteristic envelope of the periodic impulsive signal to show the fundamental frequencies. The adaptive spectrogram is optimized to get the optimal parameters to show the characteristic frequencies of the Hilbert transform-based envelope of the vibration signals. The results show that it is applicable and effective to fault detection of water hydraulic motor by analyzing the demodulated frequency components of the periodic impulsive signal.
Entwurf endlich-dimensionaler Regler für lineare verteilt-parametrische Systeme durch Ausgangsbeobachtun
Authors: Deutscher Joachim , Harkort Christian 
Published: August 2010

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Beitrag wird der endlich-dimensionale Reglerentwurf für lineare verteilt-parametrische Systeme basierend auf Ausgangsbeobachtern betrachtet. Da für diese Beobachter beim Entwurf das Separationsprinzip gilt, lassen sich statische Rückführungen der rekonstruierten Ausgänge und der verfügbaren Messgrößen systematisch entwerfen. Die besondere Eigenschaft der zusätzlichen Ausgänge, dass sie nur wenig “spillover”-behaftet sind, wird auch für den Entwurf endlich-dimensionaler Beobachter mittels der “early-lumping”-Methode genutzt. Durch Kaskadierung der Ausgangsbeobachter lässt sich dann eine systematische “spillover”-Vermeidung erreichen. Die vorgestellten Verfahren werden anhand eines Wärmeleiters erprobt.
Conditions Under Which Genome-Wide Association Studies Will be Positively Misleading
Authors: Platt Alexander , Vilhjálmsson Bjarni J , Nordborg Magnus 
Published: September 2010

AbstractGenome-wide association mapping is a popular method for using natural variation within a species to generate a genotype–phenotype map. Statistical association between an allele at a locus and the trait in question is used as evidence that variation at the locus is responsible for variation of the trait. Indirect association, however, can give rise to statistically significant results at loci unrelated to the trait. We use a haploid, three-locus, binary genetic model to describe the conditions under which these indirect associations become stronger than any of the causative associations in the organism—even to the point of representing the only associations present in the data. These indirect associations are the result of disequilibrium between multiple factors affecting a single trait. Epistasis and population structure can exacerbate the problem but are not required to create it. From a statistical point of view, indirect associations are true associations rather than the result of stochastic noise: they will not be ameliorated by increasing sampling size or marker density and can be reproduced in independent studies.
Early Consonant Production in Swedish Infants with and without Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate and Two-Stage Palatal Repair
Authors: Lohmander Anette , Olsson Maria , Flynn Traci 
Published: September 2010

Objective To investigate consonant production at 12 and 18 months of age following early soft palate repair in infants with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), and to compare it with typically developing children without clefts. Design Randomized study with comparison group. Participants Twenty Swedish infants born with UCLP and 21 without clefts (COMP) were included in a randomized trial of palatal surgery (Scandcleft project). Soft palate closure was completed at age 5 months; hard palate closure was performed in 11 of the infants with UCLP at 1 year of age (HPC) and was left open in nine (HPO). Method Audio recordings at 12 months (UCLP = 9, COMP = 21) and at 18 months (UCLP = 18, COMP = 21) were phonetically transcribed. Consonant inventory, frequency of manner and place of articulation, true canonical babbling (TCB), and impact of hearing status were analyzed. Results At 12 months of age, all children had reached the stage of TCB. Mild hearing impairment was significantly correlated with fewer consonant types. A lower frequency of dentals and oral stops was found in the UCLP group than in the COMP group. However, the number of oral stops was high compared with what has been previously reported. Conclusions Early soft palate closure seems to give a relatively high number of oral stops even with the hard palate unrepaired, although with significantly fewer dentals/alveolars than are seen in peers without clefts. Differences in consonant inventory were correlated with hearing function.
CRISPLD2 Variants Including a C471T Silent Mutation May Contribute to Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip with or without Cleft Palate
Authors: Letra Ariadne , Menezes Renato , Cooper Margaret E. , Fonseca Renata F. , Tropp Stephen , Govil Manika , Granjeiro Jose M. , Imoehl Sandra R. , Mansilla M. Adela , Murray Jeffrey C. , Castilla Eduardo E. , Orioli Iêda M. , Czeizel Andrew E. , Ma Lian , Chiquet Brett T. , Hecht Jacqueline T. , Vieira Alexandre R. , Marazita Mary L. 
Published: September 2010

Objective To assess the association between nonsyndromic (NS) cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL(P)) and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the CRISPLD2 gene (cysteine-rich secretory protein LCCL domain containing 2). Design Four SNPs within the CRISPLD2 gene domain (rs1546124, rs8061351, rs2326398, rs4783099) were genotyped to test for association via family-based association methods. Participants A total of 5826 individuals from 1331 families in which one or more family member is affected with CL(P). Results Evidence of association was seen for SNP rs1546124 in U.S. ( p = .02) and Brazilian ( p = .04) Caucasian cohorts. We also found association of SNP rs1546124 with cleft palate alone (CP) in South Americans (Guatemala and ECLAMC) and combined Hispanics (Guatemala, ECLAMC, and Texas Hispanics; p = .03 for both comparisons) and with both cleft lip with cleft palate (CLP; p = .04) and CL(P) ( p = .02) in North Americans. Strong evidence of association was found for SNP rs2326398 with CP in Asian populations ( p = .003) and with CL(P) in Hispanics ( p = .03) and also with bilateral CL(P) in Brazilians ( p = .004). In Brazilians, SNP rs8061351 showed association with cleft subgroups incomplete CL(P) ( p = .004) and unilateral incomplete CL(P) ( p = .003). Prediction of SNP functionality revealed that the C allele in the C471T silent mutation (overrepresented in cases with CL(P) presents two putative exonic splicing enhancer motifs and creates a binding site AP-2 alpha, a transcription factor involved in craniofacial development. Conclusions Our results support the hypothesis that variants in the CRISPLD2 gene may be involved in the etiology of NS CL(P).
A Novel Clinically Relevant Strategy to Abrogate Autoimmunity and Regulate Alloimmunity in NOD Mice
Authors: Vergani Andrea , D'Addio Francesca , Jurewicz Mollie , Petrelli Alessandra , Watanabe Toshihiko , Liu Kaifeng , Law Kenneth , Schuetz Christian , Carvello Michele , Orsenigo Elena , Deng Shaoping , Rodig Scott J. , Ansari Javeed M. , Staudacher Carlo , Abdi Reza , Williams John , Markmann James , Atkinson Mark , Sayegh Mohamed H. , Fiorina Paolo 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVETo investigate a new clinically relevant immunoregulatory strategy based on treatment with murine Thymoglobulin mATG Genzyme and CTLA4-Ig in NOD mice to prevent allo- and autoimmune activation using a stringent model of islet transplantation and diabetes reversal.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSUsing allogeneic islet transplantation models as well as NOD mice with recent onset type 1 diabetes, we addressed the therapeutic efficacy and immunomodulatory mechanisms associated with a new immunoregulatory protocol based on prolonged low-dose mATG plus CTLA4-Ig.RESULTSBALB/c islets transplanted into hyperglycemic NOD mice under prolonged mATG+CTLA4-Ig treatment showed a pronounced delay in allograft rejection compared with untreated mice (mean survival time: 54 vs. 8 days, P &lt; 0.0001). Immunologic analysis of mice receiving transplants revealed a complete abrogation of autoimmune responses and severe downregulation of alloimmunity in response to treatment. The striking effect on autoimmunity was confirmed by 100% diabetes reversal in newly hyperglycemic NOD mice and 100% indefinite survival of syngeneic islet transplantation (NOD.SCID into NOD mice).CONCLUSIONSThe capacity to regulate alloimmunity and to abrogate the autoimmune response in NOD mice in different settings confirmed that prolonged mATG+CTLA4-Ig treatment is a clinically relevant strategy to translate to humans with type 1 diabetes.
Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults Differs Genetically From Classical Type 1 Diabetes Diagnosed After the Age of 35 Years
Authors: Andersen Mette K. , Lundgren Virve , Turunen Joni A. , Forsblom Carol , Isomaa Bo , Groop Per-Henrik , Groop Leif , Tuomi Tiinamaija 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE
We studied differences between patients with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA), type 2 diabetes, and classical type 1 diabetes diagnosed after age 35 years.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Polymorphisms in HLA-DQB1, INS, PTPN22, and CTLA4 were genotyped in patients with LADA (n = 213), type 1 diabetes diagnosed at &gt;35 years of age (T1D&gt;35y; n = 257) or &lt;20 years of age (T1D&lt;20y; n = 158), and type 2 diabetes.

RESULTS
Although patients with LADA had an increased frequency of HLA-DQB1 and PTPN22 risk genotypes and alleles compared with type 2 diabetic subjects, the frequency was significantly lower compared with T1D&gt;35y patients. Genotype frequencies, measures of insulin secretion, and metabolic traits within LADA differed according to GAD antibody (GADA) quartiles, but even the highest quartile differed from type 1 diabetes. Having two or more risk genotypes was associated with lower C-peptide concentrations in LADA.

CONCLUSIONS
LADA patients differed genetically and phenotypically from both T1D&gt;35y and type 2 diabetic patients in a manner dependent on GADA levels.
Disposition Index, Glucose Effectiveness, and Conversion to Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Lorenzo Carlos , Wagenknecht Lynne E. , Rewers Marian J. , Karter Andrew J. , Bergman Richard N. , Hanley Anthony J.G. , Haffner Steven M. 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE
Disposition index (DI) and glucose effectiveness (SG) are risk factors for diabetes. However, the effect of DI and SG on future diabetes has not been examined in large epidemiological studies using direct measures.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Insulin sensitivity index (SI), acute insulin response (AIR), and SG were measured in 826 participants (aged 40–69 years) in the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS) by the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test. DI was expressed as SI × AIR. At the 5-year follow-up examination, 128 individuals (15.5%) had developed diabetes.

RESULTS
The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of a model with SI and AIR was similar to that of DI (0.767 vs. 0.774, P = 0.543). In a multivariate logistic regression model that included both DI and SG, conversion to diabetes was predicted by both SG (odds ratio × 1 SD, 0.61 [0.47–0.80]) and DI (0.68 [0.54–0.85]) after adjusting for demographic variables, fasting and 2-h glucose concentrations, family history of diabetes, and measures of obesity. Age, sex, race/ethnicity, glucose tolerance status, obesity, and family history of diabetes did not have a significant modifying impact on the relation of SG and DI to incident diabetes.

CONCLUSIONS
The predictive power of DI is comparable to that of its components, SI and AIR. SG and DI independently predict conversion to diabetes similarly across race/ethnic groups, varying states of glucose tolerance, family history of diabetes, and obesity.
Common Genetic Variation in GLP1R and Insulin Secretion in Response to Exogenous GLP-1 in Nondiabetic Subjects
Authors: Sathananthan Airani , Man Chiara Dalla , Micheletto Francesco , Zinsmeister Alan R. , Camilleri Michael , Giesler Paula D. , Laugen Jeanette M. , Toffolo Gianna , Rizza Robert A. , Cobelli Claudio , Vella Adrian 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE
Glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 receptor is encoded by GLP1R. The effect of genetic variation at this locus on the response to GLP-1 is unknown. This study assessed the effect of GLP1R polymorphisms on insulin secretion in response to hyperglycemia and to infused GLP-1 in nondiabetic subjects.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Eighty-eight healthy individuals (aged 26.3 ± 0.6 years, fasting glucose 4.83 ± 0.04 mmol/l) were studied using a hyperglycemic clamp. GLP-1 was infused for the last 2 h of the study (0.75 pmol/kg/min over 121–180 min, 1.5 pmol/kg/min over 181–240 min). β-Cell responsivity (ΦTotal) was measured using a C-peptide minimal model. The effect of 21 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in GLP1R on ΦTotal was examined.

RESULTS
Two SNPs (rs6923761 and rs3765467) were nominally associated with altered β-cell responsivity in response to GLP-1 infusion.

CONCLUSIONS
Variation in GLP1R may alter insulin secretion in response to exogenous GLP-1. Future studies will determine whether such variation accounts for interindividual differences in response to GLP-1–based therapy.
Disparate Effects of Atorvastatin Compared With Simvastatin on C-Reactive Protein Concentrations in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Sathyapalan Thozhukat , Atkin Stephen L. , Kilpatrick Eric S. 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE
Reduction in LDL and high sensitivity (hs) C-reactive protein (CRP) are independent indicators of successful cardiovascular risk reduction with statins. This study compared the effect of equivalent LDL-lowering doses of simvastatin and atorvastatin on hsCRP in type 2 diabetic patients.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A crossover study of 26 patients with type 2 diabetes taking either 40 mg simvastatin or 10 mg atorvastatin was undertaken. After 3 months on one statin, lipids and hsCRP were measured on 10 occasions over a 5-week period. The same procedure was then followed taking the other statin.

RESULTS
LDL was comparable on either treatment: atorvastatin 2.2 ± 0.2 vs. 2.1 ± 0.3 mmol/l (mean ± SD; P = 0.19). CRP of individuals taking atorvastatin was significantly lower than when they were taking simvastatin (median 1.08 vs. 1.47 mg/l, P = 0.0002) and was less variable (median SD of logCRP 0.0036 vs. 0.178, P = 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS
Compared with simvastatin, atorvastatin reduced hsCRP and its variability in type 2 diabetic patients. This enhanced anti-inflammatory effect may prove beneficial if lower CRP is associated with improved cardiovascular risk.
Cost-Effectiveness of Bariatric Surgery for Severely Obese Adults With Diabetes
Authors: Hoerger Thomas J. , Zhang Ping , Segel Joel E. , Kahn Henry S. , Barker Lawrence E. , Couper Steven 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE
To analyze the cost-effectiveness of bariatric surgery in severely obese (BMI ≥35 kg/m2) adults who have diabetes, using a validated diabetes cost-effectiveness model.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We expanded the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention–RTI Diabetes Cost-Effectiveness Model to incorporate bariatric surgery. In this simulation model, bariatric surgery may lead to diabetes remission and reductions in other risk factors, which then lead to fewer diabetes complications and increased quality of life (QoL). Surgery is also associated with perioperative mortality and subsequent complications, and patients in remission may relapse to diabetes. We separately estimate the costs, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and cost-effectiveness of gastric bypass surgery relative to usual diabetes care and of gastric banding surgery relative to usual diabetes care. We examine the cost-effectiveness of each type of surgery for severely obese individuals who are newly diagnosed with diabetes and for severely obese individuals with established diabetes.

RESULTS
In all analyses, bariatric surgery increased QALYs and increased costs. Bypass surgery had cost-effectiveness ratios of $7,000/QALY and $12,000/QALY for severely obese patients with newly diagnosed and established diabetes, respectively. Banding surgery had cost-effectiveness ratios of $11,000/QALY and $13,000/QALY for the respective groups. In sensitivity analyses, the cost-effectiveness ratios were most affected by assumptions about the direct gain in QoL from BMI loss following surgery.

CONCLUSIONS
Our analysis indicates that gastric bypass and gastric banding are cost-effective methods of reducing mortality and diabetes complications in severely obese adults with diabetes.
Cognitive Function in Type 1 Diabetic Adults With Early Exposure to Severe Hypoglycemia
Authors: Åsvold Bjørn O. , Sand Trond , Hestad Knut , Bjørgaas Marit R. 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE
We assessed adulthood cognition in relation to early exposure to severe hypoglycemia (SH).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Sixteen years subsequent to a study of cognitive function in 28 diabetic children and 28 matched control subjects, we reexamined the same subjects with a 96% participation rate. Diabetic subjects were classified as with (n = 9) or without (n = 18) early (≤10 years of age) SH, which was defined as convulsions or loss of consciousness.

RESULTS
Overall, cognitive scores were 0.9 SDs lower in subjects with early SH compared with subjects without early SH (P = 0.003). The two diabetic groups particularly differed with respect to problem solving, verbal function, and psychomotor efficiency. Earlier age at first incident of SH was associated with poorer cognition (P for trend = 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
The findings suggest that early exposure to SH may have lasting and clinically relevant effects on cognition.
No Protective Effect of Calcitriol on β-Cell Function in Recent-Onset Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Bizzarri Carla , Pitocco Dario , Napoli Nicola , Di Stasio Enrico , Maggi Daria , Manfrini Silvia , Suraci Concetta , Cavallo Maria Gisella , Cappa Marco , Ghirlanda Giovanni , Pozzilli Paolo ,   the IMDIAB Group
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE
We investigated whether supplementation of the active form of vitamin D (calcitriol) in recent-onset type 1 diabetes can protect β-cell function evaluated by C-peptide and improve glycemic control assessed by A1C and insulin requirement.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Thirty-four subjects (aged 11–35 years, median 18 years) with recent-onset type 1 diabetes and high basal C-peptide &gt;0.25 nmol/l were randomized in a double-blind trial to 0.25 μg/day calcitriol or placebo and followed-up for 2 years.

RESULTS
At 6, 12, and 24 months follow-up, A1C and insulin requirement in the calcitriol group did not differ from the placebo group. C-peptide dropped significantly (P &lt; 0.001) but similarly in both groups, with no significant differences at each time point.

CONCLUSIONS
At the doses used, calcitriol is ineffective in protecting β-cell function in subjects (including children) with recent-onset type 1 diabetes and high C-peptide at diagnosis.
Microleakage of Posterior Composite Restorations Lined with Self-adhesive Resin Cements
Authors: Al-Saleh M. , El-Mowafy O. , Tam L. , Fenton A. 
Published: September 2010

Clinical Relevance
Two self-adhesive resin cements resulted in minimal microleakage scores when used as liners in Class II composite restorations.
Removal of Enamel Caries with an Air Abrasion Powder
Authors: Neuhaus K. W. , Ciucchi P. , Donnet M. , Lussi A. 
Published: September 2010

Clinical Relevance
The results of the current study indicate that air abrasion with a powder for selective preparation of carious enamel saves healthy tooth substance. It also has a diagnostic potential for operative intervention in patients with high caries risk, because only carious enamel with underlying dentin caries is abraded. Furthermore, this powder could be used in cavitated lesions for selective enamel removal.
Korovkin-type convergence results for non-positive operators
Authors: Nowak Oliver 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Korovkin-type approximation theory usually deals with convergence analysis for sequences of positive operators. In this work we present qualitative Korovkin-type convergence results for a class of sequences of non-positive operators, more precisely regular operators with vanishing negative parts under a limiting process. Sequences of that type are called sequences of almost positive linear operators and have not been studied before in the context of Korovkin-type approximation theory. As an example we show that operators related to the multivariate scattered data interpolation technique moving least squares interpolation originally due to Lancaster and Šalkauskas [Surfaces generated by moving least squares methods, Math. Comp., 1981, 37, 141–158] give rise to such sequences. This work also generalizes Korovkin-type results regarding Shepard interpolation [Korovkin-type convergence results for multivariate Shepard formulae, Rev. Anal. Numér. Théor. Approx., 2009, 38, 170–176] due to the author. Moreover, this work establishes connections and differences between the concepts of sequences of almost positive linear operators and sequences of quasi-positive or convexity-monotone linear operators introduced and studied by Campiti in [Convexity-monotone operators in Korovkin theory, Rend. Circ. Mat. Palermo (2) Suppl., 1993, 33, 229–238].