bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Physician Payments Sunshine Act and Medical Oncology: A Seven-Year Financial Analysis
Authors: Zhao Xiyu , Yang Victor , Ullah Mohammed , Schuweiler Mark , Ranasinghe Padmini 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
The complex relationships between healthcare providers and pharmaceutical companies are under scrutiny due to the potential bias introduced by financial incentives. The Physician Payments Sunshine Act aims to ensure transparency. This study analyzes the trends of payments made to oncology physicians from 2016 to 2022, examining the amounts and reasons for these payments, and comparing them by subspecialties and regions.
Methods
A retrospective analysis of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Open Payments database was conducted, focusing on payments to oncologists. Payments were categorized by amount and purpose, with annual comparisons drawn between medical and hematologic oncologists. U.S. regional distribution was also analyzed. Data management was performed using Microsoft Excel, and statistical analyses were carried out with IBM SPSS Version 25, utilizing descriptive statistics and visualization tools.
Results
Oncologists received 2,439,799 payments totaling $620,795,774 over the seven years. The majority (70.3%) were small ($11 to $50), indicating a trend of modest but frequent financial interactions. The most funded categories were compensation for non-consulting services (39.33%) and consulting fees (35.17%). While "Food and Beverage" payments were most frequent, accounting for over 80% of interactions, they comprised only 7.48% of the total payment amount. A significant payment peak occurred in 2020, especially among medical oncologists. Geographically, Northeast U.S. oncologists received fewer yet higher-valued payments than their Southern counterparts. Payment amounts varied significantly across specialties, with cardiologists receiving the highest total payments and hematologists the highest mean payments.
Conclusions
The analysis reveals that while the majority of payments to oncologists are for relatively minor amounts, the distribution is uneven across regions and specialties. The surge in payments in 2020 may reflect the introduction of expensive oncology drugs, underscoring the need for ongoing scrutiny of these financial relationships to maintain ethical clinical practices.
Lacidipine inhibits NF-κB and Notch pathways and mitigates DSS-induced colitis
Authors: Yu Xuezhao , Li Cheng , Tao Yu , Xia Tingting , Jia Zhenyu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the colon, with its global incidence on the rise, yet effective treatments remain limited. Through screening using an NF-kB promoter dual fluorescence reporter system, we identified the anti-hypertension drug lacidipine as capable of effectively inhibiting p65 and IκBα phosphorylation. In a murine model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, lacidipine demonstrated the ability to mitigate colon lesions and reduce inflammation markers. Target analysis revealed a notable enrichment of the Notch signal. Furthermore, lacidipine treatment inhibited both NF-kB and Notch activation in the colon stimulated by DSS. In summary, our study highlights lacidipine's potential in alleviating UC, presenting it as a promising candidate drug for UC treatment.
Biophysical Evidence for the Amyloid Formation of a Recombinant Rab2
Isoform of Leishmania donovani
Authors: Roshanara  , Muthu Shivani A. , Gulafsha  , Tandon Rati , Selvapandiyan Angamuthu , Ahmad Basir 
Published: April 2024

Background:
The most fatal form of Visceral leishmaniasis or kala-azar is caused by
the intracellular protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani. The life cycle and the infection pathway
of the parasite are regulated by the small GTPase family of Rab proteins. The involvement of Rab
proteins in neurodegenerative amyloidosis is implicated in protein misfolding, secretion
abnormalities and dysregulation. The inter and intra-cellular shuttlings of Rab proteins are
proposed to be aggregation-prone. However, the biophysical unfolding and aggregation of
protozoan Rab proteins is limited. Understanding the aggregation mechanisms of Rab protein will
determine their physical impact on the disease pathogenesis and individual health.

Objective:
This work investigates the acidic pH-induced unfolding and aggregation of a
recombinant Rab2 protein from L. donovani (rLdRab2) using multi-spectroscopic probes.

Methods:
The acidic unfolding of rLdRab2 is characterised by intrinsic fluorescence and ANS
assay, while aggregation is determined by Thioflavin-T and 90⁰ light scattering assay. Circular
dichroism determined the secondary structure of monomers and aggregates. The aggregate
morphology was imaged by transmission electron microscopy.

Results:
rLdRab2 was modelled to be a Rab2 isoform with loose globular packing. The acidinduced
unfolding of the protein is a plausible non-two-state process. At pH 2.0, a partially folded
intermediate (PFI) state characterised by ~ 30% structural loss and exposed hydrophobic core was
found to accumulate. The PFI state slowly converted into well-developed protofibrils at high
protein concentrations demonstrating its amyloidogenic nature. The native state of the protein was
also observed to be aggregation-prone at high protein concentrations. However, it formed
amorphous aggregation instead of fibrils.

Conclusion:
To our knowledge, this is the first study to report in vitro amyloid-like behaviour of
Rab proteins in L donovani. This study provides a novel opportunity to understand the complete
biophysical characteristics of Rab2 protein of the lower eukaryote, L. donovani.
The Molecular Characteristics and Therapeutic Implications of
O-Glycan Synthesis in Pancreatic Cancer by Integrating
Transcriptome and Single-Cell Data
Authors: Huang Binqian , Zhang Biao , Liu Jifeng , Wang Tingxin , Zhang Yunshu , Zhang Bolin , Yuan Qihang , Xia Shilin , Shang Dong 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Glycans constitute the primary components of proteins that regulate key
carcinogenic processes in cancer progression. This study investigated the significance of O-glycan
synthesis in the pathogenesis, outcome, and therapy of pancreatic cancer (PC).

Methods:
Transcriptomic data and clinical prognostic information of PC were acquired via TCGA
and GEO databases. CSA database was used to obtain single-cell data of PC. The O-glycan biosynthesis signaling pathway and its related genes were acquired via the MSigDB platform. The nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) clustering was utilized to construct the O-glycan biosynthesis-associated molecular subtypes in PC. The LASSO and Cox regression were utilized to build
the prognostic prediction model. We utilized real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) to verify the
expressed levels of model genes. Single-cell analysis was utilized to investigate the levels of target genes and O-glycan biosynthesis signaling pathway in the PC tumour microenvironment.

Results:
We obtained 30 genes related to O-glycan biosynthesis, among which 15 were associated
with the prognosis of PC. All PC samples were grouped into two distinct molecular subtypes associated with O-glycan biosynthesis: OGRGcluster C1 and OGRGcluster C2, and compared to
OGRGcluster C1. PCs in OGRGcluster C2 had a more advanced clinical stage and pathological
grade, worse prognosis, and more active O-glycan biosynthesis function. Immune analysis indicated that naïve B cell, CD8+ T cell, memory-activated CD4+ T cell, and monocytes displayed remarkably higher infiltration levels in OGRGcluster C1 while resting NK cell, macrophages M0,
resting dendritic cell, activated dendritic cell, and neutrophils exhibited markedly higher infiltration levels in OGRGcluster C2. OGRGcluster C1 exhibited higher sensitivities to drugs, such as
cisplatin, irinotecan, KRAS(G12C) inhibitor-12, oxaliplatin, paclitaxel, and sorafenib. Besides,
we built the O-glycan biosynthesis-related prognostic model (including SPRR1B, COL17A1, and
ECT2) with a good prediction performance. SPRR1B, COL17A1, and ECT2 were remarkably
highly expressed in PC tissues and linked to a poor outcome. Single-cell analysis revealed that Oglycan biosynthesis was observed only in PC, and consistent with this, the target genes were significantly enriched in PC.

Conclusion:
We first constructed molecular subtypes and prognostic models related to O-glycan
biosynthesis in PC. It is clear that O-glycan biosynthesis is related to the development, prognosis,
immune microenvironment, and treatment of PC. This provides new strategies for stratification, diagnosis, and treatment of PC patients.
Comprehensive Overview of Treponema pallidum Outer Membrane
Proteins
Authors: Wu Sirui , Luo Lan , Ye Fei , Wang Yuanfang , Li Dongdong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract:
Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, is a sexually transmitted microorganism
that exhibits remarkable motility capabilities, allowing it to affect various systems. Despite
its structural resemblance to gram-negative bacteria due to its dual-membrane, T. pallidum
possesses a lower abundance of outer membrane proteins (OMPs), which enables it to effectively
conceal itself. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of the clinical diagnostic potential
associated with the OMPs of T. pallidum. Furthermore, the known OMPs in T. pallidum that are
responsible for mediating host interactions have been progressively elucidated. This review aims
to shed light on the pathogenesis of syphilis, encompassing aspects such as vascular inflammation,
chancre self-healing, neuroinvasion, and reinfection. Additionally, this review offers a detailed
overview of the current state and prospects of development in the field of syphilis vaccines, with
the ultimate goal of establishing a foundation for understanding the pathogenesis and implementing
effective prevention strategies against syphilis.
Research Progress of Eye Movement Analyses and its Detection
Algorithms in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: He Xueying , Selesnick Ivan , Zhu Ming 
Published: April 2024

Abstract:
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been considered one of the most challenging forms of dementia.
The earlier the people are diagnosed with AD, the easier it is for doctors to find a treatment.
Based on the previous literature summarizing the research results on the relationship between
eye movement and AD before 2013, this paper reviewed 34 original eye movements research
papers only closely related to AD published in the past ten years and pointed out that the
prosaccade (4 papers) and antisaccade (5 papers) tasks, reading tasks (3 papers), visual search
tasks (3 papers) are still the research objects of many researchers, Some researchers have looked
at King-Devick tasks (2 papers), reading tasks (3 papers) and special tasks (8 papers), and began
to use combinations of different saccade tasks to detect the relationship between eye movement
and AD, which had not been done before. These reflect the diversity of eye movement tasks and
the complexity and difficulty of the relationship between eye movement and AD. On this basis,
the current processing and analysis methods of eye movement datasets are analyzed and discussed
in detail, and we note that certain key data that may be especially important for the early diagnosis
of AD by using eye movement studies cannot be miss-classified as noise and removed. Finally,
we note that the development of methods that can accurately denoise and classify and quickly process
massive eye movement data is quite significant for detecting eye movements in early diagnosis
of AD.
Oligohydramnios and Intrauterine Premature Closure of Ductus Arteriosus Associated with the Use of NSAIDs During Pregnancy – An Overview of Clinical Evidence
Authors: Pakkir Maideen Naina Mohamed , Al Rashid Sultan , Gobinath Mirunalini , Hussain Mohamed Harshath Jahir 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Pregnant women may experience low back pain and other pain symptoms,
fever, and inflammatory conditions that may harm the fetus and mother if left untreated. The most
common uses of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the treatment of inflammation,
pain and pyrexia. However, after 20-30 weeks of gestation, using NSAIDs during pregnancy may
cause oligohydramnios and premature ductus arteriosus closure, which could harm the developing
fetus.

Objective:
The purpose of this review article is to critically examine the clinical evidence that is
currently available for oligohydramnios and premature ductus arteriosus closure linked to NSAIDs.

Methods:
Online databases such as Medline/Pubmed/PMC, EBSCOhost, Scopus, Web of science,
Embase, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and reference lists were searched to identify articles which
dealt with NSAIDs-associated oligohydramnios and premature closure of ductus arteriosus.

Results:
Numerous regulatory agencies released warnings about oligohydramnios and premature closure
of ductus arteriosus linked to NSAIDs. Furthermore, a number of case reports, case series, and
some observational studies have also been published about the possibility of oligohydramnios and
premature closure of ductus arteriosus linked to NSAIDs use.

Conclusion:
Women who are pregnant for 20 weeks or more should refrain from self-medicating
with NSAIDs without consulting a pharmacist or a physician. The use of NSAIDs during pregnancy
should carefully be considered due to potential risks to the mother and developing fetus, especially
after 20-30 weeks of gestation. To guarantee the best possible health for the expectant mother and the
unborn child, healthcare professionals should weigh the benefits and risks and look into alternate
options. Pregnant women may opt for acetaminophen (paracetamol) to relieve pain and fever during
pregnancy. Pregnant women should seek medical attention if there is persisting pain for more than
three days.
Analisis penguatan karakter disiplin dan gotong royong berbasis pembiasaan di SDN 101228 Pargarutan Tapanuli Selatan
Authors: Hendra Hendra , Hasanah Annisa 
Published: April 2024

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Impact of Fruit and Vegetable Enzyme Supplementation on Aerobic Performance and Lactate Response in Older Adults Following High-Intensity Interval Exercise Through Exergaming: Randomized Experimental Matched-Pair Study
Authors: Lin Shu-Cheng , Wang Chien-Yen , Hou Tien-Hung , Chen Hong-Ching , Wang Chia-Chi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Exercise offers substantial health benefits but can induce oxidative stress and inflammation, especially in high-intensity formats such as high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE). Exergaming has become an effective, enjoyable fitness tool for all ages, particularly older adults. Enzyme supplements may enhance exercise performance by improving lactate metabolism and reducing oxidative stress.

Objective
This study investigates the efficacy of fruit and vegetable enzyme supplementation in modulating fatigue and enhancing aerobic capacity in older adults following HIIE through exergaming.

Methods
The study recruited 16 older adult female participants and allocated them into 2 distinct groups (enzyme and placebo) based on their pretest lactate levels. This division used pairwise grouping to guarantee comparability between the groups, ensuring the integrity of the results. They engaged in HIIE using Nintendo Switch Ring Fit Adventure, performing 8 sets of 20 seconds of maximum effort exercise interspersed with 30 seconds of rest, totaling 370 seconds of exercise. Key metrics assessed included blood lactate levels, heart rate, rating of perceived exertion, and training impulse. Participants in the enzyme group were administered a fruit and vegetable enzyme supplement at a dosage of 30 mL twice daily over a period of 14 days.

Results
The enzyme group showed significantly lower blood lactate levels compared to the placebo group, notably after the fourth (mean 4.29, SD 0.67 vs mean 6.34, SD 1.17 mmol/L; P=.001) and eighth (mean 5.84, SD 0.63 vs mean 8.20, SD 1.15 mmol/L; P<.001) exercise sessions. This trend continued at 5 minutes (mean 6.85, SD 0.82 vs mean 8.60, SD 1.13 mmol/L; P=.003) and 10 minutes (mean 5.91, SD 1.16 vs mean 8.21, SD 1.27 mmol/L; P=.002) after exercise. Although both groups exceeded 85% of their estimated maximum heart rate during the exercise, enzyme supplementation did not markedly affect the perceived intensity or effort.

Conclusions
The study indicates that fruit and vegetable enzyme supplementation can significantly reduce blood lactate levels in older adults following HIIE through exergaming. This suggests a potential role for these enzymes in modulating lactate production or clearance during and after high-intensity exercise. These findings have implications for developing targeted interventions to enhance exercise tolerance and recovery in older adults.
Bioremoval and Resistance of Some Heavy Metals by Bacterial Isolates from the Sediments of the Diyala River
Authors: Mijbas Younis A.G. , Fayidh Mohammed A. , Al-Khafaji Raad M. N. 
Published: April 2024

Background:Heavy metals are pollutants that do not decompose, but enter the food chain, and thus form toxic compounds that have a harmful effect on biological functions. There are an unlimited number of organisms in various environments, including bacteria, that are able to degrade and reduce the high levels of many pollutants, most of which have not been as important to researchers as they are interested in pathological microorganisms. Objective: This research sheds light on a number of bacterial isolates that were isolated and identified, one of which showed its high ability to grow in culture environments with high concentrations of heavy metals. Materials and Methods: Twelve sediment samples were collected from the Diyala River within the boundaries of the study area, which included four main sites. Fifteen bacterial isolates capable of resisting heavy metals were recognized at a concentration of (50 mg / L), and then five isolates were selected as the best isolates to grow and resistance of cobalt between (400-750 mg/L), chromium between (1600-2600 mg/L), nickel between (1200-1600 mg/L) and lead between (1200 - 2200 mg/liter). One of these isolates, (iso 4) showed a high ability to remove heavy metals (chromium, cobalt, nickel, and lead) after the test, with concentrations of (25, 50, and 100 mg/L), and the removal rate for 5 days of chromium was (36, 55, 68, 73 and 77%) respectively, and the removal rate of cobalt was (22, 34, 44, 54 and 59%) and the removal rate of nickel was (23, 40, 56, 68 and 80%) and the removal rate for lead is (58, 68, 74, 80 and 86%). The same isolate also showed high efficiency in removing lead due to the ability to resist high concentrations with a 100% percentage of lead removal at a concentration of 25 mg/L from the first day until the fifth day. The biochemical diagnosis of the selected bacterial isolates was adopted and the diagnosis was made using the VITEK-2 system for isolate No. 4, as the results showed that it belongs to the genus Klebsiella pneumonia. Conclusions: These environmental isolates can be applied in many bioremediations techniques to remove many toxic compounds cheaply and safely.
EDUKASI	DAN PEMBENTUKAN KADER PEDULI KESEHATAN KULIT DI PESANTREN BANI HUSEN – KABUPATEN PANGANDARAN
Authors: Sujatmiko Budi , Fauzan Nabil Muhammad , Basyirasaniyanti Belgia , Tyas Anggaeni Trianing , Prima Mulya Adelse 
Published: April 2024

Pesantren adalah salah satu unit pendidikan berbasis agama yang cukup populer di Indonesia. Berbeda dengan sistem pendidikan formal umumnya, pesantren mengharuskan para peserta didiknya untuk tinggal di lingkungan sekolah. Mereka melakukan kegiatan pendidikan dan kegiatan keagamaan bersama-sama dalam kelompok besar. Situasi ini memungkinkan penyakit infeksi mudah menular pada para peserta didik salah satu contoh yang biasa terjadi adalah infeksi penyakit kulit seperti scabies. Pesantren Bani Husen sebagai salah satu Pesantren popular di Pangandaran juga memiliki permasalahan yang serupa dengan pesantren lain pada umumnya. Selain itu, intervensi kesehatan pada komunitas pesantren masih jarang dilakukan. Oleh karena itu tim Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (PKM) bermaksud untuk melakukan edukasi dan pembentukan kader kesehatan peduli penyakit kulit “scabies” pada pesantren ini. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengabdian ini adalah observasi, edukasi, dan pendampingan penerapan Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) pada lingkungan Pesantren. Pada akhir kegiatan ini seluruh santriwan dan santriwati telah mendapat edukasi terkait kebersihan diri dan di lingkungan pesantren, telah terbentuk kader kesehatan, serta telah dipasang media informasi terkait kebersihan diri dan lingkungan di seluruh lingkungan pesantren. Islamic boarding schools are one of the most popular religious-based education units in Indonesia. In contrast to the general formal education system, Islamic boarding schools require their students to live in the school environment. They carry out educational activities and religious activities together in large groups. This situation allows infectious diseases to be easily transmitted to students. One common example is skin infections such as scabies. Bani Husen Islamic Boarding School as one of the popular Islamic boarding schools in Pangandaran also has problems similar to other Islamic boarding schools in general. In addition, health interventions in the Islamic boarding school community are still rarely carried out. Therefore the Community Service Team (PKM) intends to carry out education and form health cadres concerned with skin disease "scabies" at this Islamic boarding school. The methods used in this service are observation, education, and assistance in implementing Clean and Healthy Behavior (PHBS) in Islamic boarding schools. At the end of this activity, all students and female students had received education regarding personal hygiene and in the Islamic boarding school environment, health cadres had been formed, and information media related to personal and environmental hygiene had been installed throughout the Islamic boarding school environment.