bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Addressing the Carbonate Issue: Electrocatalysts for Acidic CO2 Reduction Reaction
Authors: Wu Weixing , Xu Liangpang , Lu Qian , Sun Jiping , Xu Zhanyou , Song Chunshan , Yu Jimmy C. , Wang Ying 
Published: May 2024

AbstractElectrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) powered by renewable energy provides a promising route to CO2 conversion and utilization. However, the widely used neutral/alkaline electrolyte consumes a large amount of CO2 to produce (bi)carbonate byproducts, leading to significant challenges at the device level, thereby impeding the further deployment of this reaction. Conducting CO2RR in acidic electrolytes offers a promising solution to address the “carbonate issue”; however, it presents inherent difficulties due to the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction, necessitating concerted efforts toward advanced catalyst and electrode designs to achieve high selectivity and activity. This review encompasses recent developments of acidic CO2RR, from mechanism elucidation to catalyst design and device engineering. This review begins by discussing the mechanistic understanding of the reaction pathway, laying the foundation for catalyst design in acidic CO2RR. Subsequently, an in‐depth analysis of recent advancements in acidic CO2RR catalysts is provided, highlighting heterogeneous catalysts, surface immobilized molecular catalysts, and catalyst surface enhancement. Furthermore, the progress made in device‐level applications is summarized, aiming to develop high‐performance acidic CO2RR systems. Finally, the existing challenges and future directions in the design of acidic CO2RR catalysts are outlined, emphasizing the need for improved selectivity, activity, stability, and scalability.
Constructing Ru‐O‐TM Bridge in NiFe‐LDH Enables High Current Hydrazine‐assisted H2 Production
Authors: Zhu Yin , Chen Yanxu , Feng Yafei , Meng Xiangmin , Xia Jing , Zhang Genqiang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHydrazine oxidation‐assisted water splitting is a critical technology to tackle the high energy consumption in large‐scale H2 production. Ru‐based electrocatalysts hold promise for synergetic hydrogen reduction (HER) and hydrazine oxidation (HzOR) catalysis but are hindered by excessive superficial adsorption of reactant intermediate. Herein, this work designs Ru cluster anchoring on NiFe‐LDH (denoted as Ruc/NiFe‐LDH), which effectively enhances the intermediate adsorption capacity of Ru by constructing Ru─O─Ni/Fe bridges. Notably, it achieves an industrial current density of 1 A cm−2 at an unprecedentedly low voltage of 0.43 V, saving 3.94 kWh m−3H2 in energy, and exhibits remarkable stability over 120 h at a high current density of 5 A cm−2. Advanced characterizations and theoretical calculation reveal that the presence of Ru─O─Ni/Fe bridges widens the d‐band width (Wd) of the Ru cluster, leading to a lower d‐band center and higher electron occupation on antibonding orbitals, thereby facilitating moderate adsorption energy and enhanced catalytic activity of Ru.
Rapid Surface Reconstruction of In2S3 Photoanode via Flame Treatment for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Performance
Authors: Jeong Yoo Jae , Tan Runfa , Nam Seongsik , Lee Jong Ho , Kim Sung Kyu , Lee Tae Gyu , Shin Seong Sik , Zheng Xiaolin , Cho In Sun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSurface reconstruction, reorganizing the surface atoms or structure, is a promising strategy to manipulate materials' electrical, electrochemical, and surface catalytic properties. Herein, a rapid surface reconstruction of indium sulfide (In2S3) is demonstrated via a high‐temperature flame treatment to improve its charge collection properties. The flame process selectively transforms the In2S3 surface into a diffusionless In2O3 layer with high crystallinity. Additionally, it controllably generates bulk sulfur vacancies within a few seconds, leading to surface‐reconstructed In2S3 (sr‐In2S3). When using those sr‐In2S3 as photoanode for photoelectrochemical water splitting devices, these dual functions of surface In2O3/bulk In2S3 reduce the charge recombination in the surface and bulk region, thus improving photocurrent density and stability. With optimized surface reconstruction, the sr‐In2S3 photoanode demonstrates a significant photocurrent density of 8.5 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), marking a 2.5‐fold increase compared to pristine In2S3 (3.5 mA cm−2). More importantly, the sr‐In2S3 photoanode exhibits an impressive photocurrent density of 7.3 mA cm−2 at 0.6 V versus RHE for iodide oxidation reaction. A practical and scalable surface reconstruction is also showcased via flame treatment. This work provides new insights for surface reconstruction engineering in sulfide‐based semiconductors, making a breakthrough in developing efficient solar‐fuel energy devices.
High‐Voltage Spinel Cathode Materials: Navigating the Structural Evolution for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhu Xiaobo , Huang Aoyu , Martens Isaac , Vostrov Nikita , Sun Yongqi , Richard Marie‐Ingrid , Schülli Tobias U. , Wang Lianzhou 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHigh‐voltage LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) spinel oxides are highly promising cobalt‐free cathode materials to cater to the surging demand for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, commercial application of LNMOs is still challenging despite decades of research. To address the challenge, the understanding of their crystallography and structural evolutions during synthesis and electrochemical operation is critical. This review aims to illustrate and to update the fundamentals of crystallography, phase transition mechanisms, and electrochemical behaviors of LNMOs. First, the research history of LNMO and its development into a LIB cathode material is outlined. Then the structural basics of LNMOs including the classic and updated views of the crystal polymorphism, interconversion between the polymorphs, and structure‐composition relationship is reviewed. Afterward, the phase transition mechanisms of LNMOs that connect structural and electrochemical properties are comprehensively discussed from fundamental thermodynamics to operando dynamics at intra‐ and inter‐particle levels. In addition, phase evolutions during overlithiation as well as thermal‐/electrochemical‐driven phase transformations of LNMOs are also discussed. Finally, recommendations are offered for the further development of LNMOs as well as other complex materials to unlock their full potential for future sustainable and powerful batteries.
A Customized Biohybrid Presenting Cascade Responses to Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Li Feiyu , Zhu Peipei , Zheng Bingzhu , Lu Zijie , Fang Chao , Fu Yike , Li Xiang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntrinsic characteristics of microorganisms, including non‐specific metabolism sites, toxic byproducts, and uncontrolled proliferation constrain their exploitation in medical applications such as tumor therapy. Here, the authors report an engineered biohybrid that can efficiently target cancerous sites through a pre‐determined metabolic pathway to enable precise tumor ablation. In this system, DH5α Escherichia coli is engineered by the introduction of hypoxia‐inducible promoters and lactate oxidase genes, and further surface‐armored with iron‐doped ZIF‐8 nanoparticles. This bioengineered E. coli can produce and secrete lactate oxidase to reduce lactate concentration in response to hypoxic tumor microenvironment, as well as triggering immune activation. The peroxidase‐like functionality of the nanoparticles extends the end product of the lactate metabolism, enabling the conversion of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into highly cytotoxic hydroxyl radicals. This, coupled with the transformation of tirapazamine loaded on nanoparticles to toxic benzotriazinyl, culminates in severe tumor cell ferroptosis. Intravenous injection of this biohybrid significantly inhibits tumor growth and metastasis.
One‐Pot Multicomponent Selective Synthesis of 5‐Trifluoromethyl Pyrimidine Derivatives
Authors: Lou Dingyuan , Ding Yuxin , Jin Zhening , Huang Wenkai , Shi Yuan , Zhang Changjun , Xie Yuanyuan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA one‐pot multi‐component reaction strategy for the selective synthesis of 5‐trifluoromethyl pyrimidine derivatives has been established. This method avoids the inherent selectivity challenges in direct pyrimidine trifluoromethylation. The reaction demonstrates tolerance to various functional groups, yielding 5‐trifluoromethyl pyrimidine derivatives with up to 80% yields. Moreover, the practicality of this method has been underscored through scale‐up reactions.
Chronotoxici‐Plate Containing Droplet‐Engineered Rhythmic Liver Organoids for Drug Toxicity Evaluation
Authors: Zhou Jiaqi , Huang Yi‐chun , Wang Wanlong , Li Jiawei , Hou Yibo , Yi Ziqi , Yang Haowei , Hu Keer , Zhu Yu , Wang Zitian , Ma Shaohua 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe circadian clock coordinates the daily rhythmicity of biological processes, and its dysregulation is associated with various human diseases. Despite the direct targeting of rhythmic genes by many prevalent and World Health Organization (WHO) essential drugs, traditional approaches can't satisfy the need of explore multi‐timepoint drug administration strategies across a wide range of drugs. Here, droplet‐engineered primary liver organoids (DPLOs) are generated with rhythmic characteristics in 4 days, and developed Chronotoxici‐plate as an in vitro high‐throughput automated rhythmic tool for chronotherapy assessment within 7 days. Cryptochrome 1 (Cry1) is identified as a rhythmic marker in DPLOs, providing insights for rapid assessment of organoid rhythmicity. Using oxaliplatin as a representative drug, time‐dependent variations are demonstrated in toxicity on the Chronotoxici‐plate, highlighting the importance of considering time‐dependent effects. Additionally, the role of chronobiology is underscored in primary organoid modeling. This study may provide tools for both precision chronotherapy and chronotoxicity in drug development by optimizing administration timing.
Bioinspired Suspended Sensing Membrane Array with Modulable Wedged‐Conductive Channels for Crosstalk‐Free and High‐Resolution Detection
Authors: Luo Haixuan , Chen Xiaoliang , Li Sheng , Xu Jinbin , Li Xiangming , Tian Hongmiao , Wang Chunhui , Li Bo , Zhang Manman , Sun Bai , He Juan , Shao Jinyou 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHigh spatial‐resolution detection is essential for biomedical applications and human‐machine interaction. However, as the sensor array density increases, the miniaturization will lead to interference between adjacent units and deterioration in sensing performance. Here, inspired by the cochlea's sensing structure, a high‐density flexible pressure sensor array featuring with suspended sensing membrane with sensitivity‐enhanced customized channels is presented for crosstalk‐free and high‐resolution detection. By imitating the basilar membrane attached to spiral ligaments, a sensing membrane is fixed onto a high‐stiffness substrate with cavities, forming a stable braced isolation to provide an excellent crosstalk‐free capability (crosstalk coefficient: 47.24 dB) with high‐density integration (100 units within 1 cm2). Similar to the opening of ion channels in hair cells, the wedge‐type expansion of the embedded cracks introduced by stress concentration structures enables a high sensitivity (0.19 kPa−1) and a large measuring range (400 kPa). Finally, it demonstrates promising applications in distributed displays and the condition monitoring of medical‐surgical intubation.
From Rigid to Flexible: Progress, Challenges and Prospects of Thin c‐Si Solar Energy Devices
Authors: Gupta Bikesh , Min Kwan Hong , Lee Yonghwan , Tournet Julie , Hoex Bram , Jagadish Chennupati , Tan Hark Hoe , Karuturi Siva 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe increasing adoption of solar energy as a renewable power source marks a significant shift toward clean, sustainable alternatives to conventional energy forms. A notable development in this field is the advancement of thin monocrystalline silicon (c‐Si) solar cells. Characterized by their lightweight, flexible nature, these solar cells promise to transform the renewable energy landscape with enhanced durability, adaptability, and portability. Amidst the growing demand for sustainable energy solutions, refining and evolving thin c‐Si solar cell technologies is crucial. This review comprehensively examines the latest progress in thin c‐Si solar energy conversion device technologies, offering an extensive overview of current methodologies for producing thin c‐Si films, advanced light trapping techniques, surface passivation strategies, and methods for managing thin wafers. It also explores the wide‐ranging applications of thin c‐Si solar cells. Furthermore, this article sheds light on the techno‐economic aspects, highlighting the intertwined challenges of commercializing these innovative cells. Through an in‐depth analysis of the latest advancements, this review serves as a valuable resource for researchers and industry experts, keeping them abreast of current trends and catalyzing further advancements in thin c‐Si solar cell technology.
Effectiveness of a virtual reality trainer for retention of tourniquet application skills for hemorrhage control among emergency medicine residents
Authors: Saggar Vinay , O'Donnell Philip , Moss Hillary , Yoon Andrew , Lutz Carlo , Restivo Andrew , Ahmed Oark , Guha Debayan , Jafri Farrukh , Singh Maninder 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundWith a rise in mass casualty incidents, training in hemorrhage control using tourniquets has been championed as a basic—and lifesaving—procedure for bystanders and medical professionals alike. The current standard for training is in‐person (IP) courses, which can be limited based on instructor availability. Virtual reality (VR) has demonstrated the potential to improve the accuracy of certain medical tasks but has not yet been developed for hemorrhage control. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a VR hemorrhage trainer in learner retention of tourniquet application when compared to traditional IP instructor teaching among a cohort of emergency medicine residents practicing in a Level I trauma center.MethodsThis was a prospective, observational study of 53 emergency medicine residents at an inner‐city program. Participants were randomly assigned to either the control or the VR group. On Day 0, all residents underwent a training session (IP vs. VR) for the proper, stepwise application of a tourniquet, as defined by the American College of Trauma Surgeons. Each participant was then assessed on the application of a tourniquet by a blinded instructor using the National Registry Hemorrhage Control Skills Lab rubric. After 3 months, each resident was reevaluated on the same rubric, with subsequent data analysis on successful tourniquet placement (measured as under 90 s) and time to completion.ResultsOf the 53 participants, the IP training group had an initial pass rate of 97% (28/29) compared to 92% (22/24) in the VR group (p = 0.58). On retention testing, the IP training group had a pass rate of 95% (20/21) compared to 90% (18/20) in the VR group (p = 0.62). Stratifying the success of tourniquet placement by level of resident training did not demonstrate any statistically significant differences.ConclusionsIn this pilot study of emergency medicine residents, we found no significant differences in successful hemorrhage control by tourniquet placement between those trained with VR compared to a traditional IP course among emergency medicine residents. While more studies with greater power are needed, the results suggest that VR may be a useful adjunct to traditional IP medical training.
Identifying factors associated with physical therapy use versus non‐use among injured workers with back pain in Washington State
Authors: Chin Brian , Rundell Sean D. , Sears Jeanne M. , Fulton‐Kehoe Deborah , Spector June T. , Franklin Gary M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere is little information about predictors of physical therapy (PT) use among injured workers with back pain. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the associations between PT use and baseline factors not routinely captured in workers’ compensation (WC) data.MethodsWe conducted a secondary analysis using the Washington State Workers’ Compensation Disability Risk Identification Study Cohort, which combines self‐reported surveys with claims data from the Washington State Department of Labor and Industries State Fund. Workers with an accepted or provisional WC claim for back injury between June 2002 and April 2004 were eligible. Baseline factors for PT use were selected from six domains (socio‐demographic, pain and function, psychosocial, clinical, health behaviors, and employment‐related). The outcome was a binary measure for PT use within 1 year of injury. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were conducted to evaluate the associations between PT use and baseline factors.ResultsAmong the 1370 eligible study participants, we identified 673 (49%) who received at least one PT service. Baseline factors from five of the six domains (all but health behaviors) were associated with PT use, including gender, income, pain and function measures, injury severity rating, catastrophizing, recovery expectations, fear avoidance, mental health score, body mass index, first provider seen for injury, previous injury, and several work‐related factors.ConclusionWe identify baseline factors that are associated with PT use, which may be useful in addressing disparities in access to care for injured workers with back pain in a WC system.
Suicide mortality according to occupation and method of suicide, Massachusetts, 2010–2019
Authors: Hawkins Devan , Patel Jagvi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundSuicide rates in the United States have been increasing. Work‐related factors may contribute to risk for suicide. These work‐related factors may be reflected in a varied risk for different suicide methods between occupations. This study sought to assess occupational differences in suicide rates according to the method used.MethodsDeath certificate data about suicide deaths in Massachusetts between 2010 and 2019 were used to calculate mortality rates and rate ratios with univariable and multivariable models controlling for age, sex, race ethnicity, and educational attainment for suicides overall, and for three specific methods of suicide (hanging/strangulation/suffocation, firearms, and poisoning) by occupation.ResultsIn multivariate models, the risk for suicide was significantly elevated for workers in arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media (relative risk [RR] = 1.84, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.53, 2.22); construction trades (RR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.53, 1.84); protective services (RR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.26, 1.77); and healthcare support occupations (RR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.25, 1.93). Occupational risk for suicide differed across different methods. For hanging/strangulation/suffocation, workers in arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations had the highest RR (2.09, 95% CI = 1.61, 2.71). For firearms, workers in protective service occupations had the highest RR (4.20, 95% CI = 3.30, 5.34). For poisoning, workers in life, physical, and social science occupations had the highest RR (2.32, 95% CI = 1.49, 3.60).ConclusionsThese findings are useful for identifying vulnerable working populations for suicide. Additionally, some of the occupational differences in the risk for suicide and for specific methods of suicide may be due to workplace factors. Further research is needed to understand these workplace factors so that interventions can be designed for prevention.
Characterization of distinct microbiota associated with androgenetic alopecia patients treated and untreated with platelet‐rich plasma (PRP)
Authors: Zhang Qian , Wang Yanan , Ran Cheng , Zhou Yingmei , Zhao Zigang , Xu Tianhua , Hou Hongwei , Lu Yuan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundAndrogenic alopecia (AGA) is the most common type of hair loss in men, and there are many studies on the treatment of hair loss by platelet‐rich plasma (PRP). The human scalp contains a huge microbiome, but its role in the process of hair loss remains unclear, and the relationship between PRP and the microbiome needs further study. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of PRP treatment on scalp microbiota composition.MethodsWe performed PRP treatment on 14 patients with AGA, observed their clinical efficacy, and collected scalp swab samples before and after treatment. The scalp microflora of AGA patients before and after treatment was characterized by amplifying the V3‐V4 region of the 16 s RNA gene and sequencing for bacterial identification.ResultsThe results showed that PRP was effective in the treatment of AGA patients, and the hair growth increased significantly. The results of relative abundance analysis of microbiota showed that after treatment, g_Cutibacterium increased and g_Staphylococcus decreased, which played a stable role in scalp microbiota. In addition, g_Lawsonella decreased, indicating that the scalp oil production decreased after treatment.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that PRP may play a role in treating AGA through scalp microbiome rebalancing.
Environmentally benign synthesis and characterization of Bi2O3‐Sb2O3 nanocomposite: Investigation of its potential as electrode material in energy storage and generation applications
Authors: Azhar Sundus , Ahmad Khuram Shahzad , Abrahams Isaac , Lin Wang , Gupta Ram K. , Al‐Ammar Essam A. , Ashraf Ghulam Abbas 
Published: May 2024

A shift to alternate energy sources is needed at the present time to address rising environmental concerns. The current research work aims to use a chemical‐free and green route to synthesize nanocomposite for their application as an electrode in the generation as well as storage of energy. Subsequently, the green synthesis of Bi2O3‐Sb2O3 nanocomposite was carried out using the leaf extract of Amaranthus viridis. The synthesized nanocomposite revealed a well‐arranged pattern of spherical nanoparticles with a crystal size of 29.43 nm and a band gap value of 2.5 eV. The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) potentials of Bi2O3‐Sb2O3 were studied through linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), whereas the energy storage studies were performed using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge discharge (GCD) techniques. The synthesized nanomaterial showed promising results for HER with an overpotential value of 205 mV as compared with OER, where an overpotential value of 450 mV was observed. However, excellent cyclic stability was witnessed for both reactions up to 1000 cycles. CV studies revealed an outstanding capacitance value of 348 F/g at a scan rate of 2 mV/s, whereas a specific capacitance of 269.5 F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g was observed using GCD. The 15 h of electrode stability further endorsed the potential of synthesized material for energy‐based applications.