bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Key technologies for improving resilience of super-large diameter shield tunnel affected by large variable loads underneath the Yellow River
Authors: Chen J 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Environmental conditions may have a significant impact on the construction and operation of underground works, and sudden changes in environmental conditions may lead to underground engineering damage. Considering the Yellow River crossing tunnel on Huanggang Road in Jinan as an example, this paper analyzes the mechanical performance of the lining of the shield tunnel with an external diameter of 16.8 m, which faces the challenge of large variable loads in operation stage, such as deep riverbed erosion and deposition, large-scale heightening of river embankment, seasonal changes in groundwater level, and key technologies for improving the resilience of tunnel structure are proposed accordingly. The results can not only assist in the construction of the super-large-diameter shield tunnel project in Jinan City but also provide technical support for other shield tunnel projects crossing rivers, lakes, and seas.
Field research on supersized rectangle pipe-jacked tunnels beneath a navigable river in the urban area
Authors: Fang T , Jiang Z , Gao X 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
With technological progress in recent years, supersized rectangular jacked pipe tunnels have been increasingly used for developing urban road-crossing nodes, owing to their convenient construction and economic benefits. However, owing to the weak waterproofing performance of the joint, jacked supersized rectangular pipes have been employed beneath a navigable river. This study used on-site monitoring data of an underground expressway with supersized rectangular jacked pipe tunnels in Shanghai. Additionally, we analyzed the deformation of the ground surface and embankment and the mutual influence of jacked adjacent pipes. The results revealed the following. 1) the over-excavation of the jacked pipe causes partial surface subsidence. The jacking parameters were adjusted through feedback to control the surface deformation. 2) The spatial deformation of the old embankment were stabilized, suggesting the successful realization of micro-disturbance jacking construction. 3) The secondary disturbance of the soil due to post-construction causes a slight sinking and tilting trend of the former jacked tunnel.
3D concrete printing for tunnel linings: Opportunities and challenges
Authors: Tao Yaxin , Yuan Yong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The use of shotcrete for hard rock tunnel linings has drawbacks such as irregular surfaces and rebounds. By contrast, extrusion-based 3D concrete printing presents a promising solution with precise deposition and reduced rebound. This study discusses the potential of 3D printing for tunnel linings, focusing on mitigating shear failure and addressing interfacial detachment. Achieving high strength early for stable adhesion to rock surfaces is paramount for countering shear failure. A twin-pipe pumping system was introduced utilizing a helical static mixer to blend concrete involving chemical triggers, effectively managing the stiffness and fluidity during pumping. In addition, the adhesion to the substrate must be addressed. Based on the above discussion, this study offers insights into the fundamental challenges, paving the way for advancing extrusion-based 3D concrete printing for tunnel linings.
Force and wear prediction model of disc cutter under compression shear failure mode based on dense core–cavity expansion theory (U-713)
Authors: Su H , Guan Z C , Deng T , Yang Z Q , Qin J P , Zheng L 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Calculating disc cutter wear and predicting wear life are long-standing issues affecting the efficiency and cost of tunnel boring machines (TBMs). During the TBM excavation process, the wear of the disc cutter is a comprehensive outcome of the interaction between the tool and rock. Studying the mechanisms of tool rock breaking and wear can assist in developing a more precise model for predicting cutter wear. Therefore, based on the rock-breaking and wear mechanisms of a cutter, this study developed a model for predicting the cutter wear rate and life. The model is based on the theory of dense core–cavity expansion combined with the motion state of a cutter. First, the TBM excavation process and rock-breaking mechanism of a cutter were analyzed in detail. A cutting force model under the compression shear failure mode based on the dense core–cavity expansion theory was established. Based on the force model, a prediction model for the wear rate and life of the disc cutter was established, considering the working characteristics and wear mechanism. Furthermore, the impact of penetration on the prediction model was investigated. In addition, to demonstrate the practicality of the method, this study conducted a comprehensive examination using engineering examples. The results showed that the average difference in the cutter average wear rate using the developed model was less than 3% compared with the actual engineering result. In addition, the average difference in the wear life rate was less than 5%. Finally, the developed prediction method was compared with other models. The wear rate fitting accuracy was improved by 4.91–10.85% and the wear life fitting accuracy was improved by 5.11–12.19% by the developed method. This improvement confirms the reasonableness and reliability of the method. This method can estimate the wear rate and lifespan of a cutter more accurately and reliably than other methods, providing a practical tool to TBM engineers to make informed decisions and optimize tool replacement programs.
Assessment of Building Response Supported on Shallow Foundation Due to Tunnelling in Cohesionless Soil
Authors: Bayen Asit , Samanta Manojit 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The depth of foundations significantly influences the building response due to tunnelling-induced ground movement. The present study investigates the responses caused by tunnelling on buildings supported on isolated footings. The response of buildings supported on shallow foundation systems due to progressive tunnelling is investigated through experimental and numerical methods. A three-dimensional finite element analysis (3D FEM) has been developed to evaluate the response of an existing reinforced cement concrete (RCC) building underpasses a circular-shaped tunnel in cohesionless soil. The model includes soil strata, footings, super-structure, and tunnel. Different parametric studies, i.e., C/D ratios, tunnel volume losses, and eccentricity of the building, have been considered in the present study. A scale-down model of the tunnel and building is prepared in the laboratory. The scale-down model simulates the volume loss during tunnelling and evaluates the response on surface and building components due to tunnelling. The surface settlement, total and differential settlement of the foundation, and induced strain on lining and building elementals are estimated. The numerical model is benchmarked with the experimental study conducted in the laboratory. It is observed that the numerical method agrees well with the experimental investigation. The responses of buildings supported on shallow footings are compared with available literature. The findings of the present study will be useful for the hazard estimation of existing buildings situated along/adjacent to a proposed alignment of the tunnel.
Numerical study on the influence of excavation slope on the structural behavior of ground penetrating shield tunnels
Authors: Wang Z , Li H , Liu Z , Huang J , Zhu Y 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The ground penetrating shield technology (GPST) is a fast shield tunnelling method, wherein the shield is launched and received at the ground surface without constructing deep and large working shafts. With regard to the notable sloping excavation characteristics of the GPST, this study established a three-dimensional numerical model to analyze the impact of the excavation slope on the structural response of the tunnel lining based on the South Longshui Road Cross-river Tunnel project in Shanghai. The results indicate that the circumferential earth pressure acting on the lining is determined by both the buried depth and decomposition angle induced by the change in the excavation slope. The distribution of the earth pressure along the longitudinal direction may be affected by the excavation slope, and this subsequently affects convergence deformation of the tunnel. An increase in the excavation slope equalized the distributed force acting on the lining. In addition, the existence of circumferential joints exaggerates the impact of the excavation slope on the differential convergence between adjacent rings. A larger excavation slope resulted in a decrease in the proportion of convergence deformation caused by the longitudinal joints. These findings can provide important guidance for controlling the ovalization and dislocation behaviors of GPST.
Thermal-force response analysis and applicability evaluation of strata energy shaft in Shanghai
Authors: Zhou Jie , Wang Xin , Xu Jie , Zhang Zhenguang , Ban Chao , Liu Chengjun , Zhou Huade , Guo Zhongqiu , Liu Qi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Energy underground structures, such as energy shafts and tunnels, are a class of energy-saving and environmentally-friendly underground structures. They can be used as shallow geothermal energy harvesting systems for heat exchanges with the ground. Theoretical research and practical applications of energy shafts are still in the initial stages, and related tests are still relatively few. This study used the Shanghai Taihe energy shaft test section as the research background. The results of the thermal force response test of the energy shaft was numerically analyzed using the COMSOL software and compared with that of Beijing Qinghuayuan energy tunnel for applicability evaluation and analysis. The results show that the Shanghai strata energy shaft has a better heat transfer capacity than the Beijing strata energy tunnel owing to the different geological environments and is more economical. Simultaneously, the temperature stress generated in the heat transfer process of the Shanghai Strata energy shaft was smaller than that of the Beijing strata energy tunnel, which is safer. Therefore, underground energy structures can be widely applied to the Shanghai strata, which can significantly improve economic applicability while ensuring safety.
Impact of small-angle shield undercrossing on existing tunnels
Authors: Fu Y M , Ding W Q , Qiao Y F 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A three-dimensional finite element model was developed to investigate the effects of small-angle tunnels on existing tunnels in terms of surface settlement, arch bottom settlement, and ellipticalization of existing tunnel linings. The model simulated two small-angle tunnels crossing two existing tunnels. The maximum surface subsidence was observed at the recently excavated tunnel centers. The presence of existing tunnels reduced surface subsidence caused by ring-by-ring excavation. Surface settlement followed a “W” curve pattern, with two local minima gradually getting close as the tunnel was excavated. The maximum value of the arch bottom settlement of the existing tunnel gradually approached the intersection of the existing tunnel and the newly excavated tunnel. When the absolute value of the rate of change of the arch bottom settlement was high, the tunnel produced a large inter-ring misalignment. The line connecting the centers of the existing tunnel and recently excavated tunnel was parallel to the major axis direction of the ring after the deformation of the lining on the existing tunnel. Therefore, a small-angle tunnel passing through an existing tunnel may result in misalignment and torsion of the existing tunnel, requiring careful monitoring of the inter-ring bolt force to ensure safety.
Soil structure effect on soil erosion potential
Authors: Lin Yunjie , Lin Cheng , Liu Minghao , Evans David 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Soil erosion poses a significant threat to water-related infrastructure such as bridges, dams, quays, and levees by detaching and transporting soil grains downstream, thereby compromising the structural support of these installations. While erosion damage is acknowledged in current design practices, understanding soil erosion parameters requires scrutiny. However, existing soil erosion databases mainly rely on reconstituted soil samples, which may differ substantially from in situ erosion due to alterations in soil structure. This study scrutinizes and contrasts the erodibilities of in situ and reconstituted soils. In situ soil samples were obtained using thin-walled Shelby tubes from Victoria, Canada, while reconstituted specimens were prepared in a slurry state and consolidated to match the overburden pressure on-site. A custom rotational erosion testing apparatus facilitated erosion testing on both Shelby tube and reconstituted specimens. The findings shed light on the influence of soil fabric on soil erosion potential, an aspect currently lacking in comprehensive understanding.
Proposal of a practical stability probability model for cut slopes reflecting characteristics of weathering and angle of stratification
Authors: Zhuang Huimin , Yasufuku Noriyuki , Kasama Kiyonobu , Ishikura Ryohei 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This research evaluates the stability of cut slopes, considering the effects of weathering and the angle of stratification. Incorporating both a weathering degree index and a factor of safety, we developed a novel formula to assess the temporal deterioration of cut slopes. Utilizing this formula, logistic regression was conducted to ascertain cut slope stability. We used the Hierarchical Bayesian model to refine the parameters of the logistic regression function, culminating in the formulation of a comprehensive slope stability probability prediction model. The model’s predicted stability probabilities for diverse cut slopes exhibited a compelling congruence with empirical data upon validation. Importantly, this approach provides expressway management authorities with a tool to preliminarily assess whether longstanding in-service cut slopes require intervention or stabilization measures.
Optimal earthquake intensity measures for seismic vulnerability assessment of concrete-faced rockfill dams
Authors: Khalid Muhammad Irslan , Fei Jianbo , Chen Xiangsheng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Earthquake intensity measure (IM) selection is crucial for developing probabilistic seismic demand models (PSDMs). This study explored the optimal IMs that can be utilized in PSDMs for concrete-faced rockfill dams (CFRDs). A two-dimensional nonlinear dynamic analysis of a CFRD was performed to assess its response to earthquake ground motion. A numerical model of CFRD was developed using the commercial software LS-DYNA with an advanced hysteretic soil model. A total of 20 earthquake IMs were selected for regression analysis. The regression analysis was performed between IMs and the damage index (DI). The IMs were evaluated through a selection process based on the goodness of fit as well as their efficiency, practicality, and proficiency. Accordingly, a range of optimal IMs was determined. The results indicated that effective design acceleration (EDA) is the best earthquake IM correlating with the seismic response of dam settlement and can be considered the optimal IM, whereas peak ground displacement (PGD), ratio of peak ground velocity to peak ground acceleration (PGV/PGA), and predominant period (Tp) are the less efficient. The fragility curves and surfaces were developed employing both scalar and vector IMs for CFRD.
Vertical vibration of a rigid disc over a transversely isotropic and layered poroelastic half-space
Authors: Zhang Z Q , Pan E N 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A novel semi-analytical method is proposed for solving the vertical vibration of a rigid disc over a transversely isotropic and layered poroelastic half-space. The fundamental solutions in the layered poroelastic half-space under a vertical patch load on the surface are solved in terms of the newly developed Fourier-Bessel series (FBS) system of vector functions and the unconditionally stable dual-variable and position method. The expansion coefficients in FBS system are discrete, as such the computational efficiency is greatly improved and the accuracy is better than the commonly used integral-transform methods. By virtue of the superposition method, the Green’s function due to vertical ring load is derived in the transform domain. By making use of the integral least-square scheme, the densities of a series of ring loads discretized within the disc area are determined. Finally, the dynamic vertical compliance is derived via the balance between the external applied force and the induced total contact traction. After verifying the reliability of the developed solution, selected numerical examples are presented to investigate the influence of material properties and excitation frequency on the forced vibration of the rigid disc.
Numerical evaluation of seismic response of corroded bridges
Authors: Nie Y , Li J , Zhou P , Liu G 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Traditional seismic analyses of concrete bridges mainly focus on new bridges, ignoring the effect of durability on the performance, which causes limitations. Research on the seismic performance of corroded bridge piers considering the modal period of the piers is of utmost importance. The corrosion process of steel bars under chloride-ion erosion is simulated based on Faraday’s law, and the time-varying law of the performance degradation of reinforced concrete materials is calculated. Subsequently, a finite-element model of the bridge structure is established using the OpenSees platform. Two seismic waves are selected to analyze the time history within the established finite element model. Considering the influence of the pier modal period, the seismic capacity, and dynamic characteristics of a bridge exposed to a chloride-ion environment are evaluated. This study serves as a robust source of technical support for the comprehensive study of vulnerability analysis, encompassing the assessment of the risks associated with chloride-ion-induced corrosion degradation and seismic hazards.
Analysis of basalt fiber reinforcement on static shear properties of Beibu Gulf sea sand
Authors: Wang Jia-quan , He Yu , Tang Yi , Zhang Tao-yi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Basalt fibers are a reinforcing material with excellent mechanical properties and durability. In contrast, although Beibu Gulf sea sand is widely in engineering, it exhibits low strength and poor stability, which can be improved by adding basalt fibers. In this study, the effects of fiber content, fiber length, and effective confining pressure on the static shear strength of fiber-reinforced sea sand were investigated using a triaxial shear test. The maximum improvement on the static shear characteristics and deformation resistance of sea sand were achieved for a fiber content and length of 0.8% and 12 mm, respectively. The cohesion and internal friction angle of sea sand were improved and the secant modulus and strain before and after basalt fiber reinforcement showed a nonlinear attenuation tendency. The reinforcement effect coefficient R and the basalt fiber content under different dosages were in accordance with the law of the Gaussian function. The value of R conformed to a linear growth and exponential function law under different fiber lengths and effective confining pressures, respectively. This study provides a solid theoretical basis for the sustainable utilization of sea sand resources and fiber reinforcement for road and coastal protection engineering in the Beibu Gulf region.
Obliquely incident seismic response of subway stations following urban soil internal erosion
Authors: Wei S M , Wang C , Liang F Y , Qin T X 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Urban groundwater infiltration resulting from tropical storm rainfall can lead to internal soil erosion and ground subsidence. The long-term effects of these phenomena may result in uneven settlement of the subway system, posing risks to its safety and operational integrity. Suffusion poses a significant hazard to long-term subway operation. It is a type of soil internal erosion characterized by the migration of fine particles from the pore channels between coarse particles. This study focused on the performance degradation of different gap-graded sands caused by internal erosion, observed through triaxial compression tests. Using the cap plasticity model and considering mechanical parameters before and after soil erosion, a refined two-dimensional finite element model of a soil subway station structure based on ABAQUS was developed to analyze the deformation and damage pattern of the subway structure resulting from soil internal erosion and earthquake. The results of this study demonstrated that localized internal soil erosion significantly contributes to uneven settlement in subway stations, potentially compromising their seismic performance during oblique seismic excitations.
Numerical simulation of bending characteristics of geosynthetic encased stone column
Authors: Qin Xiang Zhen , Chen Jian Feng , He Peng Chen 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A numerical model of the cantilever bending structure of a geosynthetic encased stone column (GESC) of length 3 m and diameter 0.3 m was established using Z-Soil. The aim was to analyze the stress distribution and bending characteristics of the GESC under a bending load and to investigate the impact of encasement strength, encasement stiffness, gravel friction angle, and diameter on the bending characteristics of the GESC. The maximum bending moment of the GESC under bending conditions occurs at the anchored end. The dividing line of tensile and compressive stresses on the gravel in the anchored end section after bending failure appears at a radius of 0.5 of the column above the section centerline. The geosynthetic sleeve exhibits good resistance to tensile stress. The dividing line between the tensile and compressive stresses is located at the centerline of the section. The mechanical properties of the encasements and gravel has a significant impact on bending characteristics of the GESC. Increasing the strength of the encasement and friction angle of the gravel may significantly improve the bending capacity of the GESC, whereas an increase in the stiffness of encasement and diameter of the column decreases the bending deformation of the GESC.
Behavior of Cofferdam Using Non-uniform Geotextile Mats on Soft-overlying-stiff Foundation
Authors: Wang Mingyuan , Zhang Zuguo , Zhou Mi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Non-uniform geotextile mats are employed as soft foundations in cofferdams. However, investigations on the influence of complicated geological conditions on the mechanical behavior of cofferdams are limited. We investigated the behavior of a cofferdam using non-uniform geotextile mats to explore the failure mechanism of non-uniform geotextile mats over a soft overlying stiff foundation and quantify its stability. The two typical failure modes, global and local failure modes, differed distinctly in the velocity field and sliding surface shape. Geometric factors may partially affect the failure mode, whereas a higher soil strength can enhance the stability of the cofferdam, especially when stiff soil is involved. The failure mechanisms of cofferdams using non-uniform geotextile mats on soft overlying stiff clay and a corresponding stability prediction method are proposed to guide the design of cofferdams using non-uniform geotextile mats.