bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
H. pylori induces the expression of Hath1 in gastric epithelial cells via interleukin‐8/STAT3 phosphorylation while suppressing Hes1
Authors: Zhang Xin , Yang Yongtao , Zhu Rong , Bai Jianying , Tian Yin , Li Xiaohuan , Peng Zhihong , He Yonghong , Chen Lei , Fang Dianchun , Chen Wensheng , Zou Quanming , Mao Xuhu , Wang Rongquan 
Published: July 2012

AbstractChronic gastritis associated with Helicobacter pylori is a leading cause of gastric intestinal metaplasia (IM), which arises from abnormal cell differentiation of the epithelium in the gastric mucosa. However, the mechanisms involved in H. pylori‐mediated IM remain elusive. The aim of our study was to explore the effects and the underlying mechanisms of H. pylori on the abnormal expression of Hath1 and Sox2 and to reveal its relationship to the development of gastric IM. We found that Hath1 and Sox2 were overexpressed in gastric IM tissue. Hath1 expression was up‐regulated, whereas Sox2 expression, which was independent of the CagA virulence factor, was down‐regulated in gastric epithelial cells and coincided with increased IL‐6 and IL‐8 levels in the culture media. Stimulation with H. pylori‐related cytokine IL‐8, but not IL‐6 or IL‐1β, was induced by Hath1 expression in the gastric epithelial cells. Although IL‐8 and IL‐6 levels correlated with STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription) phosphorylation before and after H. pylori eradication in the gastric mucosa, only the blocking of IL‐8‐induced STAT3 activation using AG490 or STAT3‐targeting RNA interference altered Hath1 expression. Additionally, we found that H. pylori down‐regulated Hes1, which is a direct downstream target gene of Notch signaling and a repressor of Hath1 expression. These findings suggest that H. pylori induced inflammation up‐regulate Hath1 expression via interleukin‐8/STAT3 (IL‐8) phosphorylation while suppressing Hes1, which provides a novel molecular connection between a H. pylori infection and intestinal metaplasia. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 3740–3751, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cognitive and Behavioral Treatment Options for Insomnia
Authors: Ebben Matthew R. , Narizhnaya Mariya 
Published: July 2012

AbstractInsomnia is a costly disorder that affects a significant number of people. In many cases, insomnia is comorbid with other illnesses, which complicates its diagnosis and treatment. Most often it is treated with medication; however, patients are not always safe using hypnotics, and medication does not attack the source of the disorder. Cognitive behavioral therapies are better for long‐term treatment because they address factors causing or perpetuating insomnia, as opposed to treatments that focus on symptoms. This article examines various nonpharmacological treatments for insomnia. In addition, because circadian rhythm disorders may exhibit symptoms similar to insomnia, there is also a brief overview of 2 common circadian rhythm disorders, delayed sleep phase syndrome and advanced sleep phase syndrome. Mt Sinai J Med 79:512–523, 2012 © 2012 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Home‐Based Primary Care: A Needed Primary‐Care Model for Vulnerable Populations
Authors: DeCherrie Linda V. , Soriano Theresa , Hayashi Jennifer 
Published: July 2012

AbstractHome‐based primary care has a long history in American medicine, and its prevalence is again increasing slowly in the United States in response to a changing demographic, societal, and health‐policy climate. There are many models of home‐based primary care, including private practice, academic, Veterans Affairs–associated, and concierge practices. There is a growing body of literature supporting the effectiveness of the medical house‐call model. New healthcare reform initiatives could further impact the number and size of home‐based primary‐care practices, including the Independence at Home and the Accountable Care Organization demonstration projects. Mt Sinai J Med 79:425–432, 2012 © 2012 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Primary‐Care Physician Compensation
Authors: Olson Arik 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis article reviews existing models of physician compensation and presents information about current compensation patterns for primary‐care physicians in the United States. Theories of work motivation are reviewed where they have relevance to the desired outcome of satisfied, productive physicians whose skills and expertise are retained in the workforce. Healthcare reforms that purport to bring accountability for healthcare quality and value—rather than simply volume—bring opportunities to redesign primary‐care physician compensation and may allow for new compensation methodologies that increase job satisfaction. Physicians are increasingly shunning the responsibility of private practice and choosing to work as employees of a larger organization, often a hospital. Employers of physicians are seeking compensation models that reward both productivity and value. Mt Sinai J Med 79:490–496, 2012 © 2012 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Role of Institutional Climate in Fostering Diversity in Biomedical Research Workforce: A Case Study
Authors: Butts Gary C. , Hurd Yasmin , Palermo Ann‐Gel S. , Delbrune Denise , Saran Suman , Zony Chati , Krulwich Terry A. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis article reviews the barriers to diversity in biomedical research and describes the evolution of efforts to address climate issues to enhance the ability to attract, retain, and develop underrepresented minorities, whose underrepresentation is found both in science and medicine, in the graduate‐school biomedical research doctoral programs (PhD and MD/PhD) at Mount Sinai School of Medicine. We also describe the potential beneficial impact of having a climate that supports diversity and inclusion in the biomedical research workforce. The Mount Sinai School of Medicine diversity‐climate efforts are discussed as part of a comprehensive plan to increase diversity in all institutional programs: PhD, MD/PhD, and MD, and at the residency, postdoctoral fellow, and faculty levels. Lessons learned from 4 decades of targeted programs and activities at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine may be of value to other institutions interested in improving diversity in the biomedical science and academic medicine workforce. Mt Sinai J Med 79:498–511, 2012 © 2012 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Delivering Psychiatric Services in Primary‐Care Setting
Authors: Cerimele Joseph M. , Katon Wayne J. , Sharma Vansh , Sederer Lloyd I. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPsychiatric disorders, particularly depression and anxiety disorders, are common in primary‐care settings, though often overlooked or untreated. Depression and anxiety disorders are associated with a poorer course for and complications from common chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease. Integrating psychiatric services into primary‐care settings can improve recognition and treatment of psychiatric disorders for large populations of patients. Numerous research studies demonstrate associations between improved recognition and treatment of psychiatric disorders and improved courses of psychiatric disorders, but also with improvements in other chronic diseases such as diabetes. The evidence bases supporting the use of 2 models of integrated care, colocation of psychiatric care and collaborative care, are reviewed. These models' uses in specific populations are also discussed. Mt Sinai J Med 79:481–489, 2012 © 2012 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Primary Care Training and the Evolving Healthcare System
Authors: Peccoralo Lauren A. , Callahan Kathryn , Stark Rachel , DeCherrie Linda V. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractWith growing numbers of patient‐centered medical homes and accountable care organizations, and the potential implementation of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, the provision of primary care in the United States is expanding and changing. Therefore, there is an urgent need to create more primary‐care physicians and to train physicians to practice in this environment. In this article, we review the impact that the changing US healthcare system has on trainees, strategies to recruit and retain medical students and residents into primary‐care internal medicine, and the preparation of trainees to work in the changing healthcare system. Recruitment methods for medical students include early preclinical exposure to patients in the primary‐care setting, enhanced longitudinal patient experiences in clinical clerkships, and primary‐care tracks. Recruitment methods for residents include enhanced ambulatory‐care training and primary‐care programs. Financial‐incentive programs such as loan forgiveness may encourage trainees to enter primary care. Retaining residents in primary‐care careers may be encouraged via focused postgraduate fellowships or continuing medical education to prepare primary‐care physicians as both teachers and practitioners in the changing environment. Finally, to prepare primary‐care trainees to effectively and efficiently practice within the changing system, educators should consider shifting ambulatory training to community‐based practices, encouraging resident participation in team‐based care, providing interprofessional educational experiences, and involving trainees in quality‐improvement initiatives. Medical educators in primary care must think innovatively and collaboratively to effectively recruit and train the future generation of primary‐care physicians. Mt Sinai J Med 79:451–463, 2012 © 2012 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Possible existence of field‐induced Josephson junctions
Authors: Pomorski Krzysztof , Prokopow Przemyslaw 
Published: July 2012

AbstractWe demonstrate the possible existence of a new class of superconducting Josephson junctions (JJs) named field‐induced Josephson junctions (FIJJs). One representative is a junction made by placing a ferromagnetic strip on the top of a superconducting strip, which we study in this work. We obtain a possible transition between one regime of an FIJJ, which is the quasi‐tunneling weak link Josephson junction (similar in certain aspects to an S–F–S Josephson junction, but with different boundary conditions), and the second regime of an FIJJ, which is the weak link constriction (two superconductors connected by a narrow superconducting link) as a function of the thickness of the superconducting strip, magnitude of magnetization, and temperature. We use the generalized Ginzburg–Landau (GL) equations derived from the extended Hubbard model in order to determine some properties of the new class of Josephson junction. In this paper, we perform the computation for a first type of superconductor, although both types of superconductor can be used to create an FIJJ. Further directions of studies of the indicated class of Josephson junction are also described.
Microscopic theory of energy dissipation and decoherence in solid‐state systems: A reformulation of the conventional Markov limit
Authors: Pepe Michele , Taj David , Iotti Rita Claudia , Rossi Fausto 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn this article we provide a detailed comparison of two possible approaches to the study of the long time behavior of an electronic system, namely, the conventional Born–Markov approach and an alternative (symmetrized) Markov procedure recently proposed by our group. To this end, as prototypical device, we consider a quantum dot electronic transition weakly coupled to the lattice vibrations. Our results show highly unphysical behaviors of the conventional approach in the long time limit, under small perturbation of the equilibrium electronic distribution. The alternative procedure, on the contrary, provides the expected energy relaxation within a T1–T2 paradigm. Our findings are sharper than the somewhat more naive, and only transient, possible lack of positivity of the conventional Markov approach, already known in the literature. While only mentioning the important advantages of our symmetrized version with respect to already known secular approximation, and postponing further analysis to future works, we hereby stress how the commonly employed conventional strategy may seriously fail to model realistic nanostructures, whereas the new approach gives the expected physical behavior.
‘C8 phase’: Supercubane, tetrahedral, BC‐8 or carbon sodalite?
Authors: Pokropivny Alex , Volz Sebastian 
Published: July 2012

AbstractWith the use of ab initio density‐functional theory (DFT) and electron diffraction calculations, the crystal structures of a carbon ‘C8 phase’ are found. Total energies and electron diffraction patterns are calculated for all possible known to date candidates, namely supercubane, tetrahedral, BC‐8 and sodalite (SOD) structures as nearest neighbours in unit cell size. The results of calculation agree well with only one phase. The structure can be attributed to sp3‐hybridized carbon SOD zeolite with 12 atoms in a unit cell. Carbon sodalite belongs to space group no. 229, with a unit cell of a = 4.34 Å, and a calculated crystal density of 2.927 g/cm3. The existence of a tetrahedral phase (a = 3.86 Å) is discussed. A simple formula of relative structural stability is proposed for all sp3‐hybridized phases with unit cells of 3.5–5.0 Å.magnified image
The ubiquitin‐proteasome system in positive‐strand RNA virus infection
Authors: Choi Alex GoEun , Wong Jerry , Marchant David , Luo Honglin 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYPositive‐stranded RNA viruses, like many other viruses, have evolved to exploit the host cellular machinery to their own advantage. In eukaryotic cells, the ubiquitin‐proteasome system (UPS) that serves as the major intracellular pathway for protein degradation and modification plays a crucial role in the regulation of many fundamental cellular functions. A growing amount of evidence has suggested that the UPS can be utilized by positive‐sense RNA viruses. The UPS eliminates excess viral proteins that prevent viral replication and modulates the function of viral proteins through post‐translational modification mediated by ubiquitin or ubiquitin‐like proteins. This review will discuss the current understanding of how positive RNA viruses have evolved various mechanisms to usurp the host UPS to modulate the function and stability of viral proteins. In addition to the pro‐viral function, UPS‐mediated viral protein degradation may also constitute a host defense process against some positive‐stranded RNA viral infections. This issue will also be discussed in the current review. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predictive mental workload modeling for semiautonomous system design: Implications for systems of systems
Authors: Colombi John M. , Miller Michael E. , Schneider Michael , McGrogan Major Jason , Long Colonel David S. , Plaga John 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPredictive mental workload modeling is one established tool within the broad systems engineering activity of Human Systems Integration (HSI). Using system architecture as the foundation, this paper explores the use of Multiple Resource Theory to create representative workload models for evaluating operational system‐of‐systems (SoS) concepts. Through careful consideration of task demands, conflict generated between tasks, and workload mitigation strategies, informed design decision can improve overall human‐system performance. An example involving a single pilot controlling multiple remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) is presented to illustrate the use of workload modeling. Several observations are made that drive measurably excessive workload: multitasking, communications, continuously updating situational awareness and mission planning. In addition, three metrics are proposed for incorporating human workload analysis during system design. This technique has applicability across a wide range systems‐of‐systems and operational concepts involving complex human‐system interactions. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 15
First steps in the development of a Program Organizational Architectural Framework (POAF)
Authors: Williams Jeffery L. , Stracener Jerrell T. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe target audiences for this paper are systems engineers and architects involved in the design of complex systems such as program organizations. This is the first in a series exploring how the design of program organizations developed for the purpose of designing and developing aerospace and defense systems can be optimized. The objective of this paper is to lay the groundwork for an architecture framework for the development of a program organization. The draft standard ISO/IEC 42010 is used to define the structural requirements of the architecture framework. In addition, we use the Zachman Architecture Framework™ to organize the framework and the Department of Defense Architecture Framework Version 2.0 (DoDAF 2.0) to create the model environment for the Program Organizational Architecture Framework (POAF). This approach to defining the POAF ensured that we would have the data needed to support our objective to optimize the design of the program organization and hopefully reduce the number of defects inherent in the design. We also believe that we have sufficiently defined the characteristics of a POAF to spur more research in this area. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng
Institutional Differences in Endovascular Aneurysm Repair and Aneurysm Morphology
Authors: Tambyraja Andrew L. , Rodriguez‐Lopez Julio A. , Ramaiah Venkatesh , Diethrich Edward B. , Chalmers Roderick T. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackgroundVariability exists between institutions in the application of endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). This study compares patient‐specific variables from a high‐volume North American institution with one from the UK.MethodsOne hundred consecutive patients from each institution were studied. All were treated for an intact, infrarenal aortic aneurysm. Patient characteristics and aneurysm‐related variables, measured from computed tomography according to Society for Vascular Surgery (USA) reporting standards, were examined.ResultsThe median (range) age of the American patients was 74 (55–97) years and that of the British patients, 73 (49–89) years. There were 78 men in the American group and 79 men in the British group. All American patients were treated by EVAR compared to 11 % of the British group. Mean (SD) aneurysm diameter for the former was 55 (9) mm and for the latter 64 (11) mm (P < 0.001). While there was no difference in mean diameter of the infrarenal aortic neck (P = 0.918), the aneurysms of British patients (22 %) were more likely to be angulated >60° than those of the American patients (11 %) (P = 0.039). Furthermore, the mean (SD) length of infrarenal aortic neck was shorter in the British patients [21 (11) mm] compared to the American group [25 (12) mm] (P = 0.003). The mean diameter of the common iliac arteries was larger in the British patients than in the American group (P < 0.001). Mean external iliac artery diameter was no different between the groups (P = 0.507).ConclusionsThis group of British patients have a more advanced pattern of aneurysm morphology than American patients of similar age. This difference may, in part, explain variability in the application of EVAR.
Derivative-free optimization: a review of algorithms and comparison of software implementations
Authors: Rios Luis Miguel , Sahinidis Nikolaos V. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis paper addresses the solution of bound-constrained optimization problems using algorithms that require only the availability of objective function values but no derivative information. We refer to these algorithms as derivative-free algorithms. Fueled by a growing number of applications in science and engineering, the development of derivative-free optimization algorithms has long been studied, and it has found renewed interest in recent time. Along with many derivative-free algorithms, many software implementations have also appeared. The paper presents a review of derivative-free algorithms, followed by a systematic comparison of 22 related implementations using a test set of 502 problems. The test bed includes convex and nonconvex problems, smooth as well as nonsmooth problems. The algorithms were tested under the same conditions and ranked under several criteria, including their ability to find near-global solutions for nonconvex problems, improve a given starting point, and refine a near-optimal solution. A total of 112,448 problem instances were solved. We find that the ability of all these solvers to obtain good solutions diminishes with increasing problem size. For the problems used in this study, , , and are better, on average, than other derivative-free solvers in terms of solution quality within 2,500 function evaluations. These global solvers outperform local solvers even for convex problems. Finally, , , and show superior performance in terms of refining a near-optimal solution.
Monitoring zone‐associated implantable cardioverter defibrillator shock: A case report
Authors: Matsuzaki Hisayasu , Nakano Yukiko , Okahara Shigeyuki , Miyamoto Satoshi , Takahashi Hidenobu , Imai Katsuhiko , Sueda Taijirou , Kihara Yasuki 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA 41‐year‐old man with Brugada syndrome, who had been implanted with an ATLAS+DR V‐243 (St. Jude Medical, Inc., St. Paul, MN, USA) dual‐chamber implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) for secondary prevention of arrhythmia, received an inappropriate shock. The ventricular fibrillation (VF) zone was programmed to deliver maximum output shock therapy at a detection threshold of greater than 214 beats per min, and 12 consecutive instances of crossing the threshold constituted 1 VF. The monitoring zone was programmed to detect heart rates of greater than 160 beats per min with all supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) discriminators in the “ON” mode, and 12 consecutive instances of the heart rate exceeding 160 beats per min constituted 1 SVT. The ICD shock was delivered after an episode of sinus tachycardia that continued for 3 min 15 s. The monitoring zone is effective for detecting asymptomatic ventricular tachycardia or SVT, and therapy is not usually set up in this zone. Here, we report the possibility that in some patients implanted with certain types of ICD devices, the monitoring zone may become a factor in the delivery of an inappropriate shock.
Long‐term observation of fibrillation cycle length in patients under angiotensin II receptor blocker therapy for chronic atrial fibrillation
Authors: Kishihara Jun , Niwano Shinichi , Niwano Hiroe , Aoyama Yuya , Ishikawa Shoko , Oikawa Jun , Sato Akira , Murakami Masami , Kiryu Michiro , Izumi Tohru 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIntroductionThe long‐term effect of angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) on atrial fibrillation (AF) is unclear. In this study, we evaluated the change in the fibrillation cycle length (FCL) in patients under long‐term ARB therapy for chronic AF.Methods and resultsThe study population consisted of 25 chronic AF patients who were prescribed the same medication for more than 6 years and in whom specific ECG recording for FCL evaluation could be performed before and after the 6‐year observation period. The patients were divided into 2 groups: those with and without ARB (ARB group and non‐ARB group and n=15 and 10, respectively). FCL was calculated by the spectral analysis of the fibrillation waves in the surface ECG. There was no significant difference in the clinical characteristics between the 2 groups. In the ARB group, the mean FCL was prolonged from 154±20 ms to 187±37 ms (p=0.005), whereas it remained unchanged in the non‐ARB group (150±12 ms vs. 149±10 ms). In the comparison between patients with and those without FCL prolongation (>30 ms; n=6 and 19, respectively), a significant difference was observed only in those prescribed ARBs.ConclusionIn cases of chronic AF, FCL might be prolonged under long‐term ARB treatment.