bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Partial information can be transmitted in an auditory channel: Inferences from lateralized readiness potentials
Authors: Gong Diankun , Hu Jiehui , Yao Dezhong 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWith the two‐choice go/no‐go paradigm, we investigated whether timbre attribute can be transmitted as partial information from the stimulus identification stage to the response preparation stage in auditory tone processing. We manipulated two attributes of the stimulus: timbre (piano vs. violin) and acoustic intensity (soft vs. loud) to ensure an earlier processing of timbre than intensity. We associated the timbre attribute more with go trials. Results showed that lateralized readiness potentials (LRPs) were consistently elicited in no‐go trials. This showed that the timbre attribute had been transmitted to the response preparation stage before the intensity attribute was processed in the stimuli identification stage. Such a result provides evidence for the continuous model and asynchronous discrete coding (ADC) model in information processing. We suggest that partial information can be transmitted in an auditory channel.
Identification of differentially expressed microRNAs and their PKC‐isoform specific gene network prediction during hypoxic pre‐conditioning and focal cerebral ischemia of mice
Authors: Liu Cuiying , Peng Zhifeng , Zhang Nan , Yu Li , Han Song , Li Dongguo , Li Junfa 
Published: December 2011

J. Neurochem. (2012) 120, 830–841.AbstractWe previously reported the involvement of conventional protein kinase C (cPKC) βII, γ, novel PKC (nPKC) ε and their interacting proteins in hypoxic pre‐conditioning (HPC)‐induced neuroprotection. In this study, the large‐scale miRNA microarrays and bioinformatics analysis were used to determine the differentially expressed miRNAs and their PKC‐isoform specific gene network in mouse brain after HPC and 6 h middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). We found 4 up‐regulated and 13 down‐regulated miRNAs in the cortex of HPC mice, 26 increased and 39 decreased gene expressions of miRNAs in the peri‐infarct region of 6 h MCAO mice, and 11 up‐regulated and 22 down‐regulated miRNAs in the peri‐infarct region of HPC and 6 h MCAO mice. Based on Diff Score, 19 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified in HPC and 6 h MCAO mouse brain. Then the miRNA‐gene‐network of 19 specified miRNAs target genes of cPKCβII, γ and nPKCε‐interacting protein was predicted by using bioinformatics analysis of genome databases. Furthermore, the down‐regulated miR‐615‐3p during HPC had a detrimental effect on the oxygen‐glucose deprivation (OGD)‐induced N2A cell injury. These results suggested that the identified 19 miRNAs, notably miR‐615‐3p, might target these genes of cPKCβII, γ and nPKCε‐interacting proteins involved in HPC‐induced neuroprotection.
Therapeutic Apheresis Rescue Mission: Recurrent Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis in Renal Allografts
Authors: Keith Douglas Scott 
Published: December 2011

AbstractRecurrent idiopathic focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) after renal transplantation can lead to a rapid failure of the allograft. A circulating, nonimmunoglobulin factor appears to be important in the pathogenesis of this complication in many cases. Between 30% and 50% of transplant recipients with FSGS develop recurrent disease. Three major risk factors for recurrence have been identified: short duration of native kidney disease, history of recurrence with previous kidney transplant, and pediatric aged recipients. Although no properly controlled trials have been conducted, plasmapheresis has emerged as one of the important treatment modalities for this entity. Retrospective studies prior to the routine use of plasmapheresis showed graft loss rates as high as 80%, a rate much higher than that seen in more recent series managed with plasmapheresis. Duration and intensity of treatment of plasmaphersis have not been studied rigorously, but in most case series, plasmapheresis was continued until a clear diminution of proteinuria was seen. The benefit of other adjuvant therapies for this condition remains unclear, but also may play a role in the treatment of this entity.
A Critical Review on the Use of Lipid Apheresis and Rheopheresis for Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Disease and the Diabetic Foot Syndrome
Authors: Weiss Norbert 
Published: December 2011

AbstractLipid apheresis effectively lowers LDL‐cholesterol even in drug‐unresponsive severely hypercholesterolemic patients. This results in improvement of symptoms of coronary artery disease, reduces progression of coronary atherosclerosis, and decreases coronary event rates. Besides aggressive lipid lowering itself, these effects may also be due to nonselective removal of other high molecular weight proteins leading to improved hemorheology. Lipid apheresis is also used for treating symptoms of vascular diseases outside the coronary arteries, such as peripheral arterial disease and the angioneuropathic diabetic foot syndrome. This review discusses putative effects of lipid apheresis and rheophereis on restoring pathophysiological processes involved in the development of symptoms of peripheral arterial disease, critical limb ischemia, and the diabetic foot syndrome. The clinical experience with lipid apheresis and rheopheresis in treating patients with peripheral arterial disease and the diabetic foot syndrome is critically reviewed and put into the context of currently available established treatment options. Based on this analysis, the limitations of current evidence are discussed and potential fields of research are suggested.
Effects of Exchange Transfusion With Liposome‐Encapsulated Hemoglobin on VO2/DO2
Authors: Ikegawa Hitoshi , Kuwagata Yasuyuki , Hayakawa Koichi , Noguchi Kazuo , Ogura Hiroshi , Sugimoto Hisashi 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe clarified the effect of exchange transfusion with liposome‐encapsulated hemoglobin (neo red cells, NRCs) with low O2 affinity (P50O2 = 50 mm Hg) on O2 metabolism. Rabbits were randomly assigned to receive serial exchange transfusions with NRC (NRC group, n = 5), shed blood diluted 1:1 with saline (red blood cell (RBC) group, n = 5), or saline alone (plasma group, n = 4) under hemodynamic monitoring. Cardiac tamponade was then induced and successively reversed to determine relationships between O2 consumption (VO2) and O2 delivery (DO2) using the dual‐line method. Mean values of Hb concentration after exchange transfusion were 5.7 (NRC), 6.0 (RBC), and 1.5 (plasma) g/dL. The plasma group could not even survive the initial exchange hemodilution due to a critical decrease in DO2. The NRC, but not the RBC group, developed progressive metabolic acidosis and lactatemia, as well as increases in PaCO2 and decreases in tissue PO2 in skeletal muscle after exchange transfusion. Nonetheless, systemic O2 uptake indices obtained from an analysis of the VO2/DO2 relationship in the NRC and RBC groups were comparable. These findings suggested that systemic O2 uptake was maintained in rabbits after exchange transfusion with NRC, although progressive tissue hypoxia with systemic acidosis is indicative of inadequate peripheral circulation and insufficient aerobic metabolism during extended hemodilution in which 86% of the circulating blood is replaced.
Focal Initiation of Sustained and Nonsustained Ventricular Tachycardia in a Canine Model of Ischemic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: JOHNSON CAROLYN M. , POGWIZD STEVEN M. 
Published: December 2011

Focal Initiation of Ventricular Tachycardia in Ischemic HF. Introduction: To define the role of focal and reentrant mechanisms underlying nonsustained (NSVT) and sustained ventricular tachycardia (SuVT) induced by programmed stimulation, 3‐dimensional cardiac mapping was performed in 8 dogs with heart failure (HF) created by multiple intracoronary microsphere embolizations.Methods and Results: Continuous recording from 232 intramural sites throughout the left and right ventricles and the interventricular septum was performed during programmed stimulation in the absence and presence of isoproterenol (Iso, 0.1 μg/kg/min). Sinus beats and the last extrastimuli preceding induced VT conducted with total activation times (TA) of 51 ± 10 and 111 ± 8 milliseconds, respectively, that did not change during Iso infusion (47 ± 4 and 109 ± 5 milliseconds, P = NS). NSVT was induced in 75% of HF dogs; SuVT was induced in 38%. In all cases, initiation and maintenance of SuVT and NSVT arose by a focal mechanism. Compared to NSVT, SuVT had a shorter coupling interval (CI; 150 ± 7 vs 186 ± 16, P < 0.05) and a predilection for certain critical subendocardial initiation sites (that were initiation sites for only 29% of NSVT beats). After 21–30 beats, acceleration of SuVT by a focal mechanism to a CI less than 120 milliseconds led to functional conduction delay (TA increasing from 111 ± 3 to 137 ± 3 milliseconds, P < 0.0001), intramural reentry, and transition to ventricular fibrillation.Conclusions: Thus, initiation of SuVT in a model of ischemic HF is due to a focal mechanism. However, subsequent acceleration of this focal mechanism can ultimately lead to functional conduction delay and development of intramural reentry.(J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 23, pp. 543‐552, May 2012)
Hypothermia for neonatal encephalopathy: Nationwide Survey of Clinical Practice in Japan as of August 2010
Authors: Iwata Osuke , Nabetani Makoto , Takenouchi Toshiki , Iwaibara Takayuki , Iwata Sachiko , Tamura Masanori ,   on behalf of the Working Group on Therapeutic Hypothermia for Neonatal Encephalopathy, Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, Japan, and Japan Society for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackground:  Therapeutic hypothermia is now recommended as a standard of care for neonatal encephalopathy. Although adherence to standard cooling protocols used in the phase‐III trials is essential, empiric approaches have prevailed in Japan.Aim:  To elucidate the gap between the standard cooling methods and the current practice in Japan.Method:  In July 2010, a questionnaire regarding the practice of neonatal encephalopathy was mailed to clinical leads of registered neonatal intensive care units.Result:  56.2% of the units were incapable of offering therapeutic hypothermia because of the reasons such as the shortage of human/medical resources (85.1%) and limited number of cases (21.1%). Eighty‐nine centres provided therapeutic hypothermia using either selective‐head cooling (88.8%) or whole‐body cooling (11.2%). Various target temperatures and cooling durations were used; 20.2% of the units cooled infants without using purpose‐built equipments, whereas 14.6% did not continuously monitor the body temperature.Discussion:  Only 43.8% of the units provided therapeutic hypothermia. Even in centres where hypothermia was offered, adherence to the standard protocols was extremely poor. To secure the safety and efficacy, further promotion of the standard cooling protocols is required; an efficient cooling centre network has to be established by optimizing the work forth distribution and transportation system.
Ambulatory physical activity levels of white and South Asian children in Central England
Authors: Duncan Michael J , Birch Samantha , Al‐Nakeeb Yahya , Nevill Alan M 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAims:  To assess ambulatory physical activity in white and south Asian children from Central England and to examine variation in activity between weekdays and weekends.Methods:  536 primary school children [255 boys and 281 girls, mean age (SD) = 9.6 (1.0) years] wore a sealed pedometer for 4 days (2 weekend and 2 weekdays). Repeated measures analysis of covariance was used to examine weekend versus weekday, gender, ethnic and socio‐economic status differences in steps/day controlling for age, hours of daylight and body mass index (BMI).Results:  Children attained significantly higher mean steps/day during weekdays than weekends (p = 0.001) with age being more strongly associated with weekend than weekday steps/day (p = 0.014). The decline in steps/day from weekdays to weekends was greater in high compared to low socio‐economic status children (p = 0.002). White children attained higher mean steps/day than south Asian children (p = 0.015). BMI was negatively associated with steps/day (p = 0.004). 39.2 and 29.9% of white and south Asian children met the BMI‐referenced cut‐offs for health.Conclusion:  Physical activity was greater during weekdays compared to weekends, was associated with BMI, age and socio‐economic status and white children were more active than south Asian children.
Effect of Single and Contiguous Teeth Extractions on Alveolar Bone Remodeling: A Study in Dogs
Authors: Al‐Askar Mansour , O'Neill Rory , Stark Paul C. , Griffin Terrence , Javed Fawad , Al‐Hezaimi Khalid 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTBackground: Tooth extraction is associated with dimensional changes in the alveolar ridge. The aim was to examine the effect of single versus contiguous teeth extractions on the alveolar ridge remodeling.Material and Methods: Five female beagle dogs were randomly divided into three groups on the basis of location (anterior or posterior) and number of teeth extracted – exctraction socket classification: group 1 (one dog): single‐tooth extraction; group 2 (two dogs): extraction of two teeth; and group 3 (two dogs): extraction of three teeth in four anterior sites and four posterior sites in both jaws. The dogs were sacrificed after 4 months. Sagittal sectioning of each extraction site was performed and evaluated using microcomputed tomography.Results: Buccolingual or palatal bone loss was observed 4 months after extraction in all three groups. The mean of the alveolar ridge width loss in group 1 (single‐tooth extraction) was significantly less than those in groups 2 and 3 (p < .001) (multiple teeth extraction). Three‐teeth extraction (group 3) had significantly more alveolar bone loss than two‐teeth extraction (group 2) (p < .001). The three‐teeth extraction group in the upper and lower showed more obvious resorption on the palatal/lingual side especially in the lower group posterior locations.Conclusion: Contiguous teeth extraction caused significantly more alveolar ridge bone loss as compared with when a single tooth is extracted.
Introducing a Novel Analysis Technique for Osseointegrated Dental Implants Retrieved 29 Years Postsurgery
Authors: Sarve Hamid , Friberg Bertil , Borgefors Gunilla , Johansson Carina B. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTPurpose: To investigate osseointegration of oral implants, which were retrieved from a patient after 29 years in situ, we use novel three‐dimensional analysis methods and visualization techniques that supplement conventional two‐dimensional analysis.Materials and Methods: The sample processing involved nondecalcification and embedment in resin. Conventional two‐dimensional histomorphometrical methods were conducted. Additionally, the quantification was extended to three‐dimensional by using synchrotron radiation micro‐computed tomography (SRµCT) technique and two relevant visualization methods for the three‐dimensional data were introduced.Results: The three‐dimensional results involved three‐dimensional quantification and visualization of two implant samples with methods beyond state‐of‐the‐art. Traditional two‐dimensional histomorphometrical results revealed a mean bone‐implant contact (BIC) of about 50%. In most samples, bone area (BA) was lower inside the treads compared with out‐folded mirror images, which were confirmed by the three‐dimensional quantification. The BIC along four selected regions showed highest percentages in the bottom/valley region and lowest in the thread‐peak region. Qualitative observations revealed ongoing bone remodeling areas in all samples. The apical hole demonstrated high osseointegration.Conclusion: The novel techniques including an animation and an out‐folding of BIC and BA enabled a simultaneous visualization of the three‐dimensional material obtained from SRµCT data. However, the two‐dimensional histological sections were needed for qualitative and quantitative evaluation of osseointegration and, thus, both methods are considered equally important.
In Vitro Measurements of Precision of Fit of Implant‐Supported Frameworks. A Comparison between “Virtual” and “Physical” Assessments of Fit Using Two Different Techniques of Measurements
Authors: Jemt Torsten , Hjalmarsson Lars 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTBackground: Comparisons between different techniques measuring fit of implant‐supported frameworks are few.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare data on precision of fit from two highly accurate measuring techniques and, also, to compare results using software programs for fit assessments considering both a “virtual” as well as a “physical” (i.e., more clinical) situation.Materials and Methods: Five computer numerical control‐milled titanium frameworks (Procera® Implant Bridge, Nobel Biocare AB, Göteborg, Sweden) were fabricated from individual model/pattern measurements, simulating a clinical situation. Measurements of fit between frameworks and models were performed by means of a coordinate measuring machine (CMM; Zeiss Prismo Vast, Carl Zeiss Industrielle Messtechnik GmbH, Oberkochen, Germany) linked to a computer and an optical, high‐resolution, three‐dimensional scanner (Atos 4M SO, GOM International AG, Widen, Switzerland). Collected data on distortions between frameworks and models were analyzed and compared between the two measurement techniques. A comparison between “virtual” and “physical” fit assessments was also performed, based on data from the three‐dimensional scanner.Results: When using “virtual” fit assessment programs, overall mean three‐dimensional distortion between implant and framework center points in absolute figures was 37 (SD 22) and 14 µm (SD 8) for the CMM and three‐dimensional scanning measurements, respectively. Corresponding mean three‐dimensional distortion when using a “physical” fit assessment program in the scanner was 43 µm (SD 24) (p < 0.001). Mean horizontal (x‐axis) measurements of the distance between the two terminal implants of the models and the frameworks were 33.772 and 33.834 mm for the CMM technique. Corresponding measurements for the three‐dimensional scanner was 33.798 and 33.806 mm, respectively. Horizontal distances from the three‐dimensional scanner were, for most measurements, greater than for the CMM measurements.Conclusion: Measurements of fit between frameworks and models may vary depending on what technique is used and how fit assessments regarding “virtual” or “physical” fit is approached.
Timing of Implant Placement and Augmentation with Bone Replacement Material: Clinical Assessment at 8 and 16 Months
Authors: Artzi Zvi , Nemcovsky Carlos E. , Tal Haim , Kozlovsky Avital 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTPurpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate implants placed at different times of bone augmentation.Materials and Methods: Four implants were placed in seven dogs: one at a 6‐month bovine mineral grafted site (6‐month Bio‐Oss® grafted site [6mBio]), one at a grafted membrane‐protected simultaneously augmented (Fresh Bio‐Oss® grafted site [FrBio]) site, one at a clotted (nongrafted clotted membrane‐protected site [Clot]) membrane‐protected site, and one at a pristine (nongrafted uncovered site [Cont]) site. Implants were exposed after 6 months. The same protocol was repeated on the contralateral side, at a delay of 8 months. Peri‐implant care was performed throughout the hygienic phase (2 and 10 months, respectively) every 48 to 72 hours. Probing depth and bleeding on probing were recorded. Implant stability was determined by a Periotest® (Medizintechnik Gulden, Modautal, Germany). Statistical analysis was conducted using analysis of variance with repeated measures.Results: Average probing depth at the simultaneously grafted sites was 2.21 mm and 2.03 mm at 8 and 16 months, respectively. At the 6‐month grafted sites, it was 1.96 mm and 1.57 mm. At the Clot sites, it was 2.68 mm and 2.07 mm, and 2.21 mm and 1.82 mm at the Cont sites, respectively. The average bleeding on probing was 0.50 and 0.42 at the FrBio sites, and 0.35 and 0.07 at the 6mBio sites during the respective periods. At the Clot sites, it was 0.50 and 0.28, and at the Cont sites, 0.43 and 0.21, respectively. Probing depth significantly reduced over the time at 6mBio, Clot, and Cont sites (p < .03). Average implant stability score at the FrBio sites was −0.24 and −0.27, and −0.50 and −0.46 at the 6mBio sites, at 8 and 16 months, respectively. At the Clot sites, it was −0.35 and −0.46. Cont sites averaged −0.37 at both periods. Implant stability was significantly higher (p < .005) comparing 6mBio over FrBio, 6mBio over Cont, and Clot over FrBio sites.Conclusions: Immediate and delayed augmentations are safe modes. Probing depth and bleeding indices gradually improved along time. Implant stability was higher at the delayed mode.
Testing the cosmic distance duality with X-ray gas mass fraction and supernovae data
Authors: Gonçalves R. S. , Holanda R. F. L. , Alcaniz J. S. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
In this Letter, we discuss a new cosmological-model-independent test for the cosmic distance duality relation (CDDR), η=DL(L)(1 +z)−2/DA(z) = 1, where DA(z) and DL(z) are the angular diameter and luminosity distances, respectively. Using the general expression for X-ray gas mass fraction (fgas) of galaxy clusters, fgas∝DLDA1/2, we show that fgas observations jointly with Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) data furnish a validity test for the CDDR. To perform our analysis, we use 38 fgas measurements recently studied by two groups considering different assumptions to describe the clusters and two subsamples of SNe Ia distance luminosity extracted from the Union2 compilation. In our test, we consider the η parameter as a function of the redshift parametrized by two different functional forms. It is found that the La Roque et al. sample is in perfect agreement with the duality relation (η= 1), whereas the Ettori et al. sample presents a significant conflict.
What Is the Impact of Health Reforms on Uncompensated Care in Critical Access Hospitals? A 5‐Year Forecast in Washington State
Authors: Coyne Joseph , Fry Benjamin , Murphy Sean , Smith Gary , Short Robert 
Published: December 2011

AbstractContext: The 2008 financial crisis had a far‐reaching impact on nearly every sector of the economy. As unemployment increased so did the uninsured. Already operating on a slim margin and poor payer mix, many critical access hospitals are facing a tough road ahead.Purpose: We seek to examine the increasing impact of uncompensated care on the revenues earned by Washington's critical access hospitals; to forecast uncompensated care to the year 2014; and to forecast the financial impact on rural hospital uncompensated care of HR 3590, the Affordable Care Act (ACA).Findings: For critical access hospitals in the state of Washington, total uncompensated care increased by almost $16 million, a 22% increase from 2008 to 2009. By 2014, total uncompensated care is forecast to more than double from 2009, totaling $174 million annually without health reforms. Using the Urban Institute's Health Insurance Policy Simulation Model, uncompensated care is forecast to fall by $106 million in 2014, thereby reducing the uncompensated care percentage from 5.31% to 2.07%.Conclusions: Policy makers and health care managers should note that a substantial portion of the newly insured from the ACA will most likely be Medicaid participants. Given this source of lower revenue per case, critical access hospital administrators should seek additional public and private sources of revenue. Most importantly, rural hospital managers must maintain or improve their cost efficiency, while serving the needs of their rural population as we move closer toward the implementation of health reforms.