bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oreganum Stalks as a New Biosorbent to Remove Textile Dyes from Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Mavioglu Ayan Ebru , Secim Pelin , Karakaya Serhat , Yanik Jale 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIn the present study, Oreganum onites L. stalks in natural and chemically modified with HNO3 and H3PO4 used as adsorbent for removal of both acidic and basic dyes from waters. The adsorption was studied as a function of pH and contact time by batch method. All tested biosorbents were characterized by FT‐IR, scanning electron microscopy, and measuring the pH dependence of the zeta potential. The adsorption isotherms were fitted to Langmuir isotherm. The maximum adsorption capacity of dyes was 280.73 mg g−1 for Basic Red 18, 147.06 mg g−1 for methylene blue and 112.36 for Acid Red 111, which is comparable to that of other lignocellulosic materials. The modification process was considerably increased the biosorption capacity of lignocellulosic material, resulting in a 56–63% increase in the biosorption capacity of basic dyes and a 125% increase in the biosorption capacity of acidic dye. The present study illustrated that the most effective factors in the adsorption of basic dye were surface charge and acidic groups on lignocellulosic biosorbents, while non‐electrostatic forces as well as electrostatic forces were also effective in the adsorption of acidic dye. In conclusion, Oreganum stalks can be considered as a very prospective adsorbent for the removal of tested basic and acidic dyes.
Fat or fit: The joint effects of physical activity, weight gain, and body size on breast cancer risk
Authors: McCullough Lauren E. , Eng Sybil M. , Bradshaw Patrick T. , Cleveland Rebecca J. , Teitelbaum Susan L. , Neugut Alfred I. , Gammon Marilie D. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Although physical activity reduces breast cancer risk, issues critical to providing clear public health messages remain to be elucidated. These include the minimum duration and intensity necessary for risk reduction and the optimal time period for occurrence, as well as subgroup effects, particularly with regard to tumor heterogeneity and body size.METHODS:This study investigated the relationship between recreational physical activity (RPA) and breast cancer risk, in addition to characterizing the joint effects of activity level, weight gain, and body size, through use of a population‐based sample of 1504 cases (N = 233 in situ, N = 1271 invasive) and 1555 controls (aged 20‐98 years) from the Long Island Breast Cancer Study Project, in Long Island, New York.RESULTS:A nonlinear dose‐response association was observed between breast cancer risk and RPA during the reproductive period and after menopause. Women in the third quartile of activity experienced the greatest benefit with an approximate 30% risk reduction for reproductive (odds ratio = 0.67; 95% confidence interval = 0.48‐0.94) and postmenopausal activity (odds ratio = 0.70; 95% confidence interval = 0.52‐0.95). Little to no difference was observed regarding intensity of activity or hormone receptor status. Joint assessment of RPA, weight gain, and body size revealed that women with unfavorable energy balance profiles were at increased breast cancer risk. A significant multiplicative interaction was observed between RPA and adult weight gain (P = .033).CONCLUSIONS:RPA at any intensity level during the reproductive and postmenopausal years have the greatest benefit for reducing breast cancer risk. Substantial postmenopausal weight gain may eliminate the benefits of regular activity. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Analyzing individual and group differences in multijoint multiwaveform gait data using the Parafac2 model
Authors: Helwig Nathaniel E. , Hong Sungjin , Bokhari Ehsan 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYLocomotion research often involves analyzing multiwaveform data (e.g., velocities, accelerations, etc.) from various body locations (e.g., knees, ankles, etc.) of several subjects. Therefore, some multivariate technique such as principal component analysis is often used to examine interrelationships between the many correlated waveforms. Despite its extensive use in locomotion research, principal component analysis is for two‐mode data, whereas locomotion data are typically collected in higher mode form. In this paper, we present the benefits of analyzing four‐mode locomotion data (subjects × time × joints × waveforms) using the Parafac2 model, which is a component model designed for analyzing variation in multimode data. Using bilateral hip, knee, and ankle angular displacement, velocity, and acceleration waveforms, we demonstrate Parafac2's ability to produce interpretable components describing (i) the fundamental patterns of variation in lower limb angular kinematics during healthy walking and (ii) the fundamental differences between normal and atypical subjects’ multijoint multiwaveform locomotive patterns. Also, we illustrate how Parafac2 makes it possible to determine which waveforms best characterize the individual and/or group differences captured by each component. Our results indicate that different waveforms should be used for different purposes, confirming the need for the holistic analysis of multijoint multiwaveform locomotion data, particularly when investigating atypical motion patterns. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanics of the foot Part 1: A continuum framework for evaluating soft tissue stiffening in the pathologic foot
Authors: Fernandez J.W. , Ul Haque M.Z. , Hunter P.J. , Mithraratne K. 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYSoft tissue stiffening is a common mechanical observation reported in foot pathologies including diabetes mellitus and gout. These material changes influence the spatial distribution of stress and affect blood flow, which is essential to nutrient entry and waste removal. An anatomically‐based subject‐specific foot model was developed to explore the influence of tissue stiffening on plantar pressure and internal von Mises stress at heel‐strike, midstance and toe‐off. This work draws on the model database developed for the Physiome project consisting of muscles, bones, soft tissue and other structures such as sensory nerves. The anisotropic structure of soft tissue was embedded in a single continuum as an efficient model for finite soft tissue deformation, and customisation methods were used to capture the unique foot profile. The model was informed by kinetics from an instrumented treadmill and kinematics from motion capture, synchronised together. Foot sole pressure predictions were evaluated against a commercial pressure platform. Key outcomes showed that internal stress can be up to 1.6 times the surface pressure with implications for internal soft tissue damage not observed at the surface. The main nerve branch stimulated during gait was the lateral plantar nerve. This subject‐specific modelling framework can play an integral part in therapeutic treatments by informing assistive strategies such as mechanical noise stimulation and orthotics. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inspiration from nature: dynamic modelling of the musculoskeletal structure of the seahorse tail
Authors: Praet Tomas , Adriaens Dominique , Cauter Sofie Van , Masschaele Bert , Beule Matthieu De , Verhegghe Benedict 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYTechnological advances are often inspired by nature, considering that engineering is frequently faced by the same challenges as organisms in nature. One such interesting challenge is creating a structure that is at the same time stiff in a certain direction, yet flexible in another. The seahorse tail combines both radial stiffness and bending flexibility in a particularly elegant way: even though the tail is covered in a protective armour, it still shows sufficient flexibility to fully function as a prehensile organ. We therefore study the complex mechanics and dynamics of the musculoskeletal system of the seahorse tail from an engineering point of view. The seahorse tail derives its combination of flexibility and resilience from a chain of articulating skeletal segments. A versatile dynamic model of those segments was constructed, on the basis of automatic recognition of joint positions and muscle attachments. Both muscle structures that are thought to be responsible for ventral and ventral–lateral tail bending, namely the median ventral muscles and the hypaxial myomere muscles, were included in the model. Simulations on the model consist mainly of dynamic multi‐body simulations. The results show that the sequential structure of uniformly shaped bony segments can remain flexible because of gliding joints that connect the corners of the segments. Radial stiffness on the other hand is obtained through the support that the central vertebra provides to the tail plating. Such insights could help in designing biomedical instruments that specifically require both high bending flexibility and radial stiffness (e.g. flexible stents and steerable catheters).Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spring‐network‐based model of a red blood cell for simulating mesoscopic blood flow
Authors: Nakamura Masanori , Bessho Sadao , Wada Shigeo 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYWe developed a mechanical model of a red blood cell (RBC) that is capable of expressing its characteristic behaviors in shear flows. The RBC was modeled as a closed shell membrane consisting of spring networks in the framework of the energy minimum concept. The fluid forces acting on RBCs were modeled from Newton's viscosity law and the conservation of momentum. In a steady shear flow, the RBC model exhibited various behaviors, depending on the shear rate; it tumbled, tank‐treaded, or both. The transition from tumbling to tank‐treading occurred at a shear rate of 20 s − 1. The simulation of an RBC in steady and unsteady parallel shear flows (Couette flows) showed that the deformation parameters of the RBC were consistent with experimental results. The RBC in Poiseuille flow migrated radially towards the central axis of the flow channel. Axial migration became faster with an increase in the viscosity of the media, qualitatively consistent with experimental results. These results demonstrate that the proposed model satisfies the essential conditions for simulating RBC behavior in blood flow. Finally, a large‐scale RBC flow simulation was implemented to show the capability of the proposed model for analyzing the mesoscopic nature of blood flow. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cooperative and reactive scheduling in large‐scale virtualized platforms with DVMS
Authors: Quesnel Flavien , Lèbre Adrien , Südholt Mario 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYOne of the principal goals of cloud computing is the outsourcing of the hosting of data and applications, thus enabling a per‐usage model of computation. Data and applications may be packaged in virtual machines (VM), which are themselves hosted by nodes, that is, physical machines. Several frameworks have been designed to manage VMs on pools of physical machines; most of them, however, do not efficiently address a major objective of cloud providers: maximizing system utilization while ensuring the QoS. Several approaches promote virtualization capabilities to improve this trade‐off. However, the dynamic scheduling of a large number of VMs as part of a large distributed infrastructure is subject to important and hard scalability problems that become even worse when VM image transfers have to be managed. Consequently, most current frameworks schedule VMs statically using a centralized control strategy. In this article, we present distributed VM scheduler, a framework that enables VMs to be scheduled cooperatively and dynamically in large‐scale distributed systems. We describe, in particular, how several VM reconfigurations can be dynamically calculated in parallel and applied simultaneously. Reconfigurations are enabled by partitioning the system (i.e., nodes and VMs) on the fly. Partitions are created with a minimum of resources necessary to find a solution to the reconfiguration problem. Moreover, we propose an algorithm to handle deadlocks that may appear because of the partitioning policy. We have evaluated our prototype through simulations and compared our approach with a centralized one. The results show that our scheduler permits VMs to be reconfigured more efficiently: the time needed to manage thousands of VMs on hundreds of machines is typically reduced to a tenth or less. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Postfunctionalization of Helical Polyisocyanopeptides with Phthalocyanine Chromophores by “Click Chemistry”
Authors: López‐Duarte Ismael , Martínez‐Díaz M. Victoria , Schwartz Erik , Koepf Matthieu , Kouwer Paul H. J. , Rowan Alan E. , Nolte Roeland J. M. , Torres Tomás 
Published: June 2012

AbstractRigid rod polyisocyanopeptides bearing phthalocyanines as pendant groups have been synthesised through CuAAC of polyisocyanopeptides containing acetylene groups with zinc(II) phthalocyanine azide. As confirmed by UV/Vis, fluorescence, and circular dichroism spectroscopies, the phthalocyanines are arranged in a helical fashion along the polymer backbone, forming the longest reported well‐defined phthalocyanine assembly described to date.
Towards quantification of the role of materials innovation in overall technological development
Authors: Magee Christopher L. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThis article presents a method for quantitatively assessing the role of materials innovation in overall technological development. The method involves classifying the technical changes underlying the overall innovation process first within a set of functional categories and then within each category as a hierarchical array of technical changes. It is specifically found that about 2/3 of the total progress in computation over the past 40 years has been due to materials/process innovations. More speculatively, materials/process innovation contributes at least 20% of the progress in all areas and the relative contribution of materials/process innovation to overall technological progress has grown in the past few decades. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity, 2012
Study on the algorithms to correct and compensate for GLONASS signal deviation based on GNSS receiver
Authors: Ma Hongbin , Xu Wennian , Liu Xinrui , Hu Qiling , Huang Xiang 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYAt present, because of the construction of the navigation and positioning systems such as the China BeiDou, the research on complex receivers has become very urgent and active. This paper reports on the compatibility of the combined GPS and GLONASS data processing system. Because of the Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) access technique applied in GLONASS satellites, while different signals of GLONASS satellites pass through different parts of the Radio Frequency (RF), the group delay effect can appear. Especially, if the hardware design of the base station and rover station are different, the problem is more severe. Aimed at these issues, the reasons and conditions are studied and then the comprehensive correction methods of deviation are proposed such as: effective real‐time pseudorange and carrier phase deviation correction compensation; tracking GLONASS L2 signal; establishing a eceiver name database; base station providing the receiver name; rover station correcting deviation according to different base stations, and so on. Through the use of schemes and algorithms, the objective existence GLONASS deviation can be reduced, and the capacity of the GPS+GLONASS complex system can be improved. It is also demonstrated that if the base station receiver and rover are from different manufactures, the deviation from GLONASS pseudorange and carrier phase can lead to the failure of achieving centimeter level. With the algorithms, in all the applications and in any base station or networked system, the GPS+GLONASS complex system can exhibit the advantages over just GPS applied system both in positioning accuracy and positioning speed and other real‐time kinematic (RTK) positioning performance. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance improvement of hybrid tag anti‐collision protocol for radio frequency identification systems
Authors: Kim Soo‐Cheol , Cho Jung‐Sik , Kim Sung‐Kwon 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYRadio frequency identification (RFID), a new technology for the contactless recognition of objects, is considered an ideal solution to replace barcode systems. To make RFID technology widely applicable, it is important to resolve the ‘multiple tag identification problems’, that is, the problem of indicating tag collisions occurring when multiple RFID tags are simultaneously present in a reader's field. The proposed anti‐collision algorithm in this paper consists of two separate phases: distribution and recognition. The algorithm distributes tags to be read in such a way that tag collisions are reduced. In the distribution phase, the conventional ALOHA algorithm is used with a newly added command. When there are several occurrences of collision or no‐response in a round, a new round is initiated by adjusting the frame size on the basis of the estimated number of tags. ALOHA‐based algorithms have the weakness of not being able to guarantee a 100% tag identification rate. Hence, the proposed algorithm uses a tree‐based algorithm in the recognition phase in order to eliminate this problem. In addition, the reversed ID approach is employed to ensure efficient tag identification. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm takes less tag identification time than the conventional algorithms, thereby increasing RFID system efficiency. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ontogeny and sex alter the effect of predation on body shape in a livebearing fish: sexual dimorphism, parallelism, and costs of reproduction
Authors: Hassell Elizabeth M. A. , Meyers Peter J. , Billman Eric J. , Rasmussen Josh E. , Belk Mark C. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPredation can cause morphological divergence among populations, while ontogeny and sex often determine much of morphological diversity among individuals. We used geometric morphometrics to characterize body shape in the livebearing fish Brachyrhaphis rhabdophora to test for interactions between these three major shape‐determining factors. We assessed shape variation between juveniles and adults of both sexes, and among adults for populations from high‐ and low‐predation areas. Shape differed significantly between predation regimes for all juveniles regardless of sex. As males grew and matured into adults, ontogenetic shape trajectories were parallel, thus maintaining shape differences in adult males between predation environments. However, shape of adult females between predation environments followed a different pattern. As females grew and matured, ontogenetic shape trajectories converged so that shape differences were less pronounced between mature females in predator and nonpredator environments. Convergence in female body shape may indicate a trade‐off between optimal shape for predator evasion versus shape required for the livebearing mode of reproduction.
Copper(I) Siloxides – Aggregated Solid‐State Structures, Cu–Cu Interactions and Dynamic Solution Behavior
Authors: Schax Fabian , Limberg Christian , Mügge Clemens 
Published: June 2012

AbstractReaction of the siloxane‐diols HO(Ph2SiO)2H, 1,1,3,3‐tetraphenyldisiloxane‐1,3‐diol (L1H2), HO(iPr2SiO)2H, 1,1,3,3‐tetraisopropyldisiloxane‐1,3‐diol (L2H2), and HO(Ph2SiO)3H, 1,1,3,3,5,5‐hexaphenyltrisiloxane‐1,5‐diol (L3H2) with two equivalents of CunMesn led to octanuclear compounds [Cu8L14] (1), [Cu8L24] (2), and [Cu8L12L*2] [L* = O(Ph2SiO)4] (3), which were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis as well as by solution NMR spectroscopy. The crystal structures revealed that all the compounds are composed of Cu4O4 moieties featuring short Cu–Cu distances that can be discussed in terms of cuprophilic interactions. Two such units are linked via four disiloxane units in 1 and 2, in 3 they are connected by two equivalents of (L1)2–. Formation of 3 required disproportion of a trisiloxane‐1,5‐diolate to give a disiloxane‐1,3‐diolate and a tetrasiloxane‐1,7‐diolate, and thus indicates that siloxane units are not inert under the synthetic conditions employed. NMR spectroscopic investigations of the structure of 1 in solution revealed an equilibrium, presumably with [Cu4L22] fragments. Crystallization of a structural isomer of 3 indicates a shallow potential energy surface for this compound.
Nitrate‐Templated 1D EE‐Azide‐Cobalt Chain Exhibits Canted Antiferromagnetism and Slow Magnetic Relaxation
Authors: Li Zuo‐Xi , Jie Wanqi , Zha Gangqiang , Wang Tao , Xu Yadong 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA single‐chain magnet (SCM) with 1D EO‐azide‐cobalt chains has been previously synthesized from a solvothermal reaction of Co(NO3)2, NaN3, and 1,4‐bis(imidazol‐1‐yl)benzene (bib). Herein the template HNO3 is introduced into the above reaction system and another new coordination polymer (1) is obtained, which exhibits an α‐Po framework with 1D EE‐azide‐cobalt chains. The magnetic property of 1 has been well studied, and the results show spin‐canted antiferromagnetism and slow relaxation of magnetization.
Solid‐Phase Synthesis of 5‐Arylhistidine‐Containing Peptides with Antimicrobial Activity Through a Microwave‐Assisted Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Coupling
Authors: Ng‐Choi Iteng , Soler Marta , Cerezo Vanessa , Badosa Esther , Montesinos Emilio , Planas Marta , Feliu Lidia 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA microwave‐assisted solid‐phase Suzuki–Miyaura reaction has been employed for the synthesis of 5‐arylhistidine‐containing peptides. In particular, sequences containing a 5‐arylhistidine at the 1‐ or 4‐positions have been designed based on lead antimicrobial peptides. The cross‐coupling involved the arylation of a resin‐bound 5‐bromohistidine with an arylboronic acid in solution under microwave irradiation. This protocol is compatible with common protecting groups used in peptide chemistry. The resulting biaryl linear undecapeptides were screened for their antibacterial, antifungal and hemolytic activities. The results showed that the presence of an imidazole ring significantly decreases the cytotoxicity.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Reaction of Arylamine and Diarylacetylene: Solvent‐Controlled Construction of 2,3‐Diarylindoles and Pentaarylpyrroles
Authors: Chen Xiaopeng , Li Xihui , Wang Ningning , Jin Jisong , Lu Ping , Wang Yanguang 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBy choosing DMF and dioxane as solvent, skeletons of indoles and pyrroles were constructed from alkynes and amines in the presence of PdCl2, respectively. These Pd‐catalyzed reactions were phosphane‐free with high atom efficiency and could be conducted under mild basic conditions. The proposed mechanism for the selective formation of indoles and pyrroles in different solvents is also discussed in this paper.
Antifungal Diterpene Alkaloids from the Caribbean Sponge Agelas citrina: Unified Configurational Assignments of Agelasidines and Agelasines
Authors: Stout E. Paige , Yu Lily C. , Molinski Tadeusz F. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThree new diterpene alkaloids – the hypotaurocyamines, (–)‐agelasidines E and F (5, 6), and an adeninium salt, agelasine N (9) – were isolated from the Caribbean sponge Agelas citrina along with six known natural products: agelasines B–E (7, 10–12), 2‐oxo‐agelasine B (8), and (–)‐agelasidine C (3). The chemical structures of 5, 6, and 9 were elucidated by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. This represents the first report of natural products from the sponge A. citrina. Unified assignment of the absolute configurations of the new compounds and known compounds was achieved by chemical correlation, quantitative measurements of molar rotations, and comparative analysis by van't Hoff's principle of optical superposition. (–)‐Agelasidine C (3) exhibited potent antifungal and modest cytotoxic activity against human chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells.