bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Replica time integrators
Authors: Venturini G. , Yang J. Z. , Ortiz M. , Marsden J. E. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the classical problem of wave propagation in discrete models of nonuniform spatial resolution. We develop a new class of Replica Time Integrators (RTIs) that permit the two‐way transmission of thermal phonons across mesh interfaces. This two‐way transmissibility is accomplished by representing the state of the coarse regions by means of replica ensembles, consisting of collections of identical copies of the coarse regions. In dimension d, RTIs afford an O(nd) speed‐up factor in sequential mode, and O(nd + 1) in parallel, over regions that are coarsened n‐fold. In this work, we restrict ourselves to the solution of the 3d continuous wave equation, for both linear and non‐linear materials. By a combination of phase‐error analysis and numerical testing, we show that RTIs are convergent and result in exact two‐way transmissibility at the Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy limit for any angle of incidence. In this limit, RTIs allow step waves and high‐frequency harmonics to cross mesh interfaces in both directions without internal reflections or appreciable loss or addition of energy. The possible connections of RTIs with discrete‐to‐continuum approaches and, in particular, with the transition between molecular dynamics and continuum thermodynamics are also pointed to by way of future outlook. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fracture in magnetoelectroelastic materials using the extended finite element method
Authors: Rojas‐Díaz R. , Sukumar N. , Sáez A. , García‐Sánchez F. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractStatic fracture analyses in two‐dimensional linear magnetoelectroelastic (MEE) solids is studied by means of the extended finite element method (X‐FEM). In the X‐FEM, crack modeling is facilitated by adding a discontinuous function and the crack‐tip asymptotic functions to the standard finite element approximation using the framework of partition of unity. In this study, media possessing fully coupled piezoelectric, piezomagnetic and magnetoelectric effects are considered. New enrichment functions for cracks in transversely isotropic MEE materials are derived, and the computation of fracture parameters using the domain form of the contour interaction integral is presented. The convergence rates in energy for topological and geometric enrichments are studied. Excellent accuracy of the proposed formulation is demonstrated on benchmark crack problems through comparisons with both analytical solutions and numerical results obtained by the dual boundary element method. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differential proteomic response of rice (Oryza sativa) leaves exposed to high‐ and low‐temperature stress
Authors: Gammulla C. Gayani , Pascovici Dana , Atwell Brian J. , Haynes Paul A. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractGlobal mean surface temperature has been predicted to increase by 1.8–4°C within this century, accompanied by an increase in the magnitude and frequency of extreme temperature events. Developing rice cultivars better adapted to non‐optimal temperatures is essential to increase rice yield in the future and, hence, understanding the molecular response of rice to temperature stress is necessary. In this study, we investigated the proteomic responses of leaves of 24‐day‐old rice seedlings to sudden temperature changes. Rice seedlings grown at 28/20°C (day/night) were subjected to 3‐day exposure to 12/5°C or 20/12°C (day/night) for low‐temperature stress, and 36/28°C or 44/36°C (day/night) for high‐temperature stress, followed by quantitative label‐free shotgun proteomic analysis on biological triplicates of each treatment. Out of over 1100 proteins identified in one or more temperature treatments, more than 400 were found to be responsive to temperature stress. Of these, 43, 126 and 47 proteins were exclusively found at 12/5, 20/12 and 44/36°C (day/night), respectively. Our results showed that a greater change occurs in the rice leaf proteome at 20/12°C (day/night) in comparison to other non‐optimal temperature regimes. In addition, our study identified more than 20 novel stress–response proteins.
Chemical synthesis of the third WW domain of TCERG 1 by native chemical ligation
Authors: Fidan Zerrin , Younis Aylin , Schmieder Peter , Volkmer Rudolf 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe human transcription elongation regulator 1 (TCERG1), with its modular architecture of 3 WW and 6 FF domains, inhibits RNA polymerase II elongation through these WW and FF domains, and interacts with pre‐mRNA splicing factors such as SF1, U2 snRNP and U2AF. WW domains are known as the smallest naturally occurring, monomeric, triple stranded, anti‐parallel β‐sheet structures, generally spanning only about 40 amino acids. The first and second WW domains of TCERG1 have been synthesized and successfully applied for screening cellular targets. In contrast, until now syntheses of the third WW domain yielded oligopeptides with an undefined fold, proving useless for screening cellular targets. This implied that sequence elongation to include the α‐helical structure is crucial for proper folding. We describe here the chemical synthesis of such a 53 residue long TCERG1 WW‐3 domain sequence that exhibits the typical WW domain fold, and could be useful for discovering cellular targets. Copyright © 2011 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional association of the N‐terminal residues with the central region in glucagon‐related peptides
Authors: Patterson James T. , Day Jonathan W. , Gelfanov Vasily M. , DiMarchi Richard D. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractGLP‐1 is an incretin peptide involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism and the glucose‐dependent stimulation of insulin secretion. Ex‐4 is a paralog of GLP‐1 that has comparable GLP‐1R potency but extended physiological action. GLP‐1 and Ex‐4 are helical peptides that share ∼50% sequence homology but differ at several residues, notably the second amino acid which controls susceptibility to DPP‐IV cleavage. This single amino acid difference yields divergent receptor potency when studied in the context of the two hormone sequences. Ex‐4 uniquely tolerates Gly2 through select amino acid differences in the middle region of the peptide that are absent in GLP‐1. We report that substitution of Ex‐4 amino acids Glu16, Leu21, and Glu24 to the GLP‐1 sequence enabled Gly2 tolerance. The coordination of the N‐terminus with these central residues shows an interaction of substantial importance not only to DPP‐IV stability but also to receptor activation. Extension of this observation to glucagon‐based co‐agonist peptides showed different structural requirements for effective communication between the N‐terminus and the mid‐section of these peptides in achieving high potency agonism at the GLP‐1 and GCGRs. Copyright © 2011 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Incorporating Allee effects into reintroduction strategies
Authors: Armstrong Doug P. , Wittmer Heiko U. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAllee effects, the reduction of vital rates at low population densities, can occur through several mechanisms, all of which potentially apply to reintroduced populations. Reintroduced populations are initially at low densities, hence Allee effects can potentially lead to reintroduction failure despite habitat quality being sufficient to allow long‐term persistence if the population survived the establishment phase. The probability of such failures can potentially be reduced by releasing large numbers of organisms, by reducing post‐release dispersal or mortality through management, or by directly managing the Allee effects, e.g., by implementing predator control or food supplementation until population size increases. However, such measures incur costs, as large releases have a greater impact on source populations, and management actions require financial and other resources. It is therefore essential to compare the costs and benefits of attempting to reduce Allee effects in reintroduction programs. Here we advocate the use of structured decision‐making frameworks whereby alternative strategies are nominated, probability distributions of outcomes obtained under different strategies, and utilities assigned to different outcomes. We illustrate the potential application of such decision frameworks using projections from a stochastic population model including Allee effects. As there will seldom be estimates of Allee effects available from the species or system involved, it will be necessary to predict these effects based on the biology of the species and data from other systems. In doing so, it is important to identify mechanisms for proposed Allee effects, and to avoid misleading inferences from correlations subject to confounds. In particular, naive interpretations of correlations between numbers released and reintroduction success may exaggerate the benefits of releasing large numbers.
Graptolite biozone correlation charts
Authors: LOYDELL D. K. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractCharts are presented showing the correlation of graptolite biozonations for the Lower Ordovician to Lower Devonian, i.e. for the entire stratigraphical range of the planktonic graptoloid graptolites. Regions chosen are those for which the most detailed biostratigraphical studies have been undertaken. For Baltica, average graptolite zone (chron) duration appears to vary fromc. 300000 years (Ludlow Epoch) to 2.4 Ma (Lochkovian Epoch).
The Multivalence of the Term “Original Text” in New Testament Textual Criticism
Authors: Epp Eldon Jay 
Published: June 2011

One hundred and ninety-one years ago, in 1808, Johann Leonhard Hug's Introduction to the New Testament carried statements that, in part, may strike textual critics as being far ahead of their time. Hug laments the loss of all the original manuscripts of the New Testament writings “so important to the church” and wonders: “How shall we explain this singular fact?” Next, he observes that Paul and others employed secretaries, but Hug views the closing salutation, written in the author's own hand, as “sufficient to give them the value of originals.” Then, referring to the further role that scribes and correctors must have played after such a Christian writing had been dictated by its author, he says:Let us now suppose, as it is very natural to do, that the same librarius [copyist] who was employed to make this copy, made copies likewise for opulent individuals and other churches—and there was no original at all, or there were perhaps ten or more [originals] of which none could claim superiority.
Athenagoras the Christian, Pausanias the Travel Guide, and a Mysterious Corinthian Girl
Authors: Ruprecht Louis A. 
Published: June 2011

I say, then, that it was Orpheus and Homer and Hesiod who gave the genealogies and the names to those who are called gods. … And as for statuary (εἰκόνες), it did not exist until the plastic arts and painting and sculpture were invented, nor had it even been conceived.These arts came in later with Saurias the Samian, Krato the Sikyonian, Kleanthes the Corinthian, and a Corinthian girl. Line drawing (σκιαγραφία) was discovered by Saurias, who sketched a horse in the sun; and painting (γραφική) by Krato, who traced the outline (σκιά) of a man and a woman in oils on a white background. Relief sculpture (κοροπλαθική) was discovered by the girl (she traced the outline [σκιά] of her lover on a wall while he was asleep). Her father was so delighted by the resemblance that, since he worked in ceramics, he engraved the impression and fleshed it out with clay. That figure (τύπος) is still preserved in Corinth. After them Daidalos, Theodoros, and Smilis invented sculpture and the plastic arts.
Horses, Pigeons, and the Therapy of Conversion: A Psychological Reading of Jonathan Edwards's Theology
Authors: Williams David R. 
Published: June 2011

Jonathan Edwards expected his inquiry on the Freedom of the Will to be the definitive work on that subject, establishing for all time the truth of predestination on the twin pillars of reason and revelation. He answered every objection of the Arminians with irrefutable scriptural texts, biting satire, and devastating logic. He brought the revolutionary insights of Locke and Newton to the defense of Reformed doctrine, restructuring ancient truths on the foundations of the latest science.The effort was immediately successful. For sixteen years no one dared to publish a rebuttal. Then, in 1770, with Edwards safely dead, James Dana of Wallingford, Connecticut, published An Examination of the Late President Edwards's Enquiry on Freedom of Will.
Some Aspects of St. Augustine's Literary Aesthetics, Studied Chiefly In De Doctrina Christiana
Authors: Young Archibald M. 
Published: June 2011

When Augustine was a young man, he tells us in his Confessions, he asked himself and his friends,“Do we love anything but the beautiful? What then is the beautiful? and what is beauty? What is it that attracts and wins us to the things we love? for unless there were in them a grace and beauty, they could by no means draw us unto them.” And I marked and perceived that in bodies themselves, there was a beauty, from their forming a sort of whole, and again, another from apt and mutual correspondence, as of a part of the body with its whole, or a shoe with a foot, and the like. And this consideration sprang up in my mind, out of my inmost heart, and I wrote On the Fair and the Fit, I think two or three books. Thou knowest, O Lord, for it is gone from me, for I have them not, but they are strayed from me, I know not how.
MOTIVATIONS FOR ENTRY INTO SEX WORK AND HIV RISK AMONG MOBILE FEMALE SEX WORKERS IN INDIA
Authors: SAGGURTI NIRANJAN , VERMA RAVI K. , HALLI SHIVA S. , SWAIN SUVAKANTA N. , SINGH RAJENDRA , MODUGU HANIMI REDDY , RAMARAO SAUMYA , MAHAPATRA BIDHUBHUSAN , JAIN ANRUDH K. 
Published: June 2011

SummaryThis paper assesses the reasons for entry into sex work and its association with HIV risk behaviours among mobile female sex workers (FSWs) in India. Data were collected from a cross-sectional survey conducted in 22 districts across four high HIV prevalence states in India during 2007–2008. Analyses were limited to 5498 eligible mobile FSWs. The reasons given by FSWs for entering sex work and associations with socio-demographic characteristics were assessed. Reported reasons for entering sex work include poor or deprived economic conditions; negative social circumstances in life; own choice; force by an external person; and family tradition. The results from multivariate analyses indicate that those FSWs who entered sex work due to poor economic conditions or negative social circumstances in life or force demonstrated elevated levels of current inconsistent condom use as well as in the past in comparison with those FSWs who reported entering sex work by choice or family tradition. This finding indicates the need for a careful assessment of the pre-entry contexts among HIV prevention interventions since these factors may continue to hinder the effectiveness of efforts to reduce the spread of HIV/AIDS in India and elsewhere.
Influence of tinnitus sound therapy signals on the intelligibility of speech
Authors: Paglialonga A , Fiocchi S , Parazzini M , Ravazzani P , Tognola G 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjective:To assess the influence on speech intelligibility of various signals used in tinnitus sound therapy.Materials and methods:We measured, in normal hearing subjects, the intelligibility of speech in the presence of three different sound therapy signals: wide-band noise, a recording of moving water, and a combination of tones.Results:For a given level of stimulation, speech intelligibility was worst in the presence of wide-band noise, compared with the other sound therapy signals. When the stimulation level of the three different signals was increased, speech intelligibility deteriorated more rapidly with wide-band noise, compared with the other two signals. The combination of tones had the least influence on speech intelligibility.Conclusion:The use of different tinnitus sound therapy signals can lead to significantly different effects on the intelligibility of speech. The use of natural sound recordings or combinations of tones may provide the patient with more flexibility to change the stimulation level during treatment.
A Reassessment of Mackenzie's Second and Third Cities at Phylakopi
Authors: Brodie Neil 
Published: June 2011

Duncan Mackenzie's interpretation of the Phylakopi stratigraphy, which he presented in 1904 as the final chapter of the excavation report, continues to structure discussion of the site's history. Mackenzie proposed a sequence of three ‘Cities’, which are seen to correspond to EC III, MC, and LC periods of occupation respectively. This paper examines Mackenzie's interpretation in light of his own notes taken during excavation, and the results of subsequent excavations undertaken by Dawkins and Droop in 1911 and Renfrew from 1974 to 1977. It concludes that while the urban sequence at Phylakopi is probably more complex than Mackenzie appreciated, his suggestion of a three City succession is broadly correct, but that the Second City should be redated to MC–LC II, and the Third City to LC III.Η ερμηνεία του Duncan Mackenzie για την στρωματογραφία της Φυλακωπής, που παρουσίασε το 1904 στο τελευταίο κεφάλαιο της σχετικής ανασκαφικής έκθεσης, εξακολουθεί να προκαλεί συζήτηση για θην ιστορία της τέσης. O Mackenzie πρότεινε τη διαδοχή τριών ‘Πόλεων’, οι οποίες φαίνεται ότι αντιστοιχούν στις IIK III, MK και YK περιόδους κατοίκησης. Το εν λόγω άρθρο εξετάζει την ερμηνεία του Mackenzie σύμφωνα με τις προσωπικές του σημειώσεις κατά την ανασκαφή και τα αποτελέσματα μεταγενέστερων ανασκαφικών ερευνών, που διεξήχτησαν το 1911 από τους Dawkins και Droop και την περίοδο 1974–1977 από τον Renfrew. Συμπεραίνεται ότι ενώ η διαδοχή των οικιστικών φάσεων στη Φυλακωπή είναι πιθανώς περισσότερο περίπλοκη από την αρχική εκτίμηση του Mackenzie, η πρότασή του για την ύπαρξη τριών διαδοχικών Πόλεων είναι γενικά σωστή. Ωστόσο, η Δεύτερη Πόλη θα πρέπει να επαναχρονολογηθεί στη MK–YK II και η Τρίτη στην YK III.
Inscriptions from Crete
Authors: Cadogan Gerald , Chaniotis Angelos 
Published: June 2011

This article presents some unpublished inscriptions from excavations of the British School on Crete: a law or decree of the Classical period from Knossos, which possibly refers to pastoral activities; a Hellenistic boundary stone of a sanctuary of Hermes and Aphrodite from Myrtos-Pyrgos; and four graffiti on clay cups of late Hellenistic date, also from Myrtos-Pyrgos. These items are presently in the Stratigraphical Museum at Knossos.Σε αυτό το άρθρο παρουσιάςινται ασημοσίευτες επιγραφές από ανασκαφές της Bρετανικής Σχολής στην Kρήτη: ένας νόμος ή ψήφισμα της κλασικής περιόσου από την Kνωσό που ίσως σχετίςεται με ποιμενικές σραστη-ριότητες ένας ελληνιςτικός οροθέτης ιερού του Eρμή και της Aφροσίτης από τον Μύρτο-Πύργο και τέσσερα χαράγματα σε πήλινα αγγεία της ύστερης ελληνιστικής περιόσου, επίσης από τον Μύρτο-Πύργο. ´Oλες αυτές οι επιγραφές φυλάσσονται σήμερα στο Στρωματογραφικό Μουσείο στην Kνωσό.
Ritual Spaces and Performances in the Asklepieia of Roman Greece
Authors: Melfi Milena 
Published: June 2011

This paper attempts to investigate the existence of performative rituals—such as processions, songs, dances, dramatic enactments of divine myths and genealogies—in sanctuaries of Asklepios during the Roman Imperial period in Greece. Because of their long life and their well-documented ritual practice, the sanctuaries of Athens, Epidauros, and Messene have been selected as case studies. Archaeological, literary, and epigraphical sources are used to identify the nature of the ritual performed, and to assign to them a topographical space within the sacred precinct. The period under consideration mostly coincides with the reign of the Antonine emperors, when the relatively peaceful environment allowed for an artistic revival, and cultural phenomena such as the Second Sophistic promoted the reappropriation of ancient Greek tradition and a renewed continuity with it, despite the historical discontinuity. Wealthy patrons belonging to the educated elite and holding the highest offices within the imperial bureaucracy were often responsible for the refoundation of sacred buildings, and of long-forgotten religious festivals. In this context, the promotion of performative spaces and rituals in the sanctuaries of Asklepios is interpreted as a product of the cultural and social environment of the second and early third centuries in Greece.To άρθρο αυτό επιχειρεί να ερευνήσει την ύπαρξη επιτελεστικών τελετών -όπως πομπές, ύμνοι, χοροί, σραματικές αναπαραστάσεις θεïκών μύθων και γενεαλογιών- στα ιερά του Aσκληπιού κατά τη σιάρκεια της ρωμαïκής αυτοκρατορικής περιόσου στην Eλλάσα. Tα ιερά της Aθήνας, της Eπισαύρου και της Μεσσήνης επιλέχθηκαν ως περιπτώσεις έρευνας εξαιτίας της μακράς χρήσης τους και των καλά τεκμηριομένων τελετουργικών πρακτικών τους. Γίνεται χρήση αρχαιολογικών καταλοίπων και φιλολογικών και επιγραφικών πηγών προκειμένου να αναγνωριστεί η φύση των τελετών που πραγματοποιούνταν στα ιερά αυτά καθώς και να προσδιοριστεί τοπογραφικά η θέση των τελετών αυτών στο χώρο του τεμένους. H εν λόγω περίοδος συμπίπτει σε μεγάλο βαθμό με τη βασιλεία των Aντωνίνων κατά τη διάρκεια της οποίας το σχετικά ειρηνικό περιβάλλον επέτρεψε μία καλλιτεχνική αναγέννηση. Πολιτιστικά φαινόμενα όΠως η Δεύτερη Σοφιστική προώθησαν την επανοικειοποιήση της αρχαίας Eλληνικήσ παράδοσης και την ανανεωμένη ςυνέχειά της, παρά την ιστορική ασυνέχειά της. Eύποροι πάτρονες, μέλη της πεπαιδευμένης αριστοκρατίας και κάτοχοι των υψηλότερων αξιωμάτων της αυτοκρατορικής γραφειοκρατίας, ήταν συχνά υπεύθυνοι για την επανίδρυση ιερών κτιρίων, και θρησκευτικών εορτών ξεχασμένων για πολύ καιρό. Μέσα σε αυτό το πλαίσιο, η προώθηση επιτελεστικών χώρων και τελετουργιών στα ιερά του Aσκληπιού ερμηνεύεται ως απόρροια του πολιτιστικού και κοινωνικού περιβάλλοντοσ του δεύτερου και πρώιμου τρίτου αιώνα στην Eλλάδα.