bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neoadjuvant Treatment Response As an Early Response Indicator for Patients With Rectal Cancer
Authors: Park In Ja , You Y. Nancy , Agarwal Atin , Skibber John M. , Rodriguez-Bigas Miguel A. , Eng Cathy , Feig Barry W. , Das Prajnan , Krishnan Sunil , Crane Christopher H. , Hu Chung-Yuan , Chang George J. 
Published: April 2012

Purpose Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer is associated with improved local control and may result in complete tumor response. Associations between tumor response and disease control following radical resection should be established before tumor response is used to evaluate treatment strategies. The purpose of this study was to assess and compare oncologic outcomes associated with the degree of pathologic response after chemoradiotherapy. Patients and Methods All patients with locally advanced (cT3-4 or cN+ by endorectal ultrasonography, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging) rectal carcinoma diagnosed from 1993 to 2008 at our institution and treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy and radical resection were identified, and their records were retrospectively reviewed. The median radiation dose was 50.4 Gy with concurrent chemotherapy. Recurrence-free survival (RFS), distant metastasis (DM), and local recurrence (LR) rates were compared among patients with complete (ypT0N0), intermediate (ypT1-2N0), or poor (ypT3-4 or N+) response by using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression. Results In all, 725 patients were classified by tumor response: complete (131; 18.1%), intermediate (210; 29.0%), and poor (384; 53.0%). Age, sex, cN stage, and tumor location were not related to tumor response. Tumor response (complete v intermediate v poor) was associated with 5-year RFS (90.5% v 78.7% v 58.5%; P < .001), 5-year DM rates (7.0% v 10.1% v 26.5%; P < .001), and 5-year LR only rates (0% v 1.4% v 4.4%; P = .002). Conclusion Treatment response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy among patients with locally advanced rectal cancer undergoing radical resection is an early surrogate marker and correlate to oncologic outcomes. These data provide guidance with response-stratified oncologic benchmarks for comparisons of novel treatment strategies.
Preferential Crystallization of Lanthanoid Tris(β-diketonates) with Bridged Bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amine Ligands toward Separation Application
Authors: Yano Masafumi , Takemoto Hidehiro , Tatsumi Masakazu , Miyake Hiroyuki , Tsukube Hiroshi 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
A combination of two bridged bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amine-type ligands offered efficient separation of lanthanoid tris(β-diketonates) complexes. The employed ligands bridged two lanthanoid tris(β-diketonates) to form crystalline ternary complexes. Since the complexes containing larger lanthanoid centers were preferentially precipitated, the bridging ligands selectively recognized the lanthanoid tris(β-diketonates) in the crystallization process, and offered an efficient separation method.
Redox Properties of Fe-Promoted Cu/Al2O3 Catalysts Active for Water–Gas-Shift Reaction
Authors: Sagata Kunimasa , Yahiro Hidenori 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
FeOx-promoted Cu/Al2O3 catalysts active for low-temperature water–gas-shift (LT-WGS) reaction, reported previously (H. Yahiro, K. Sagata, T. Yamamoto, K. Saiki, M. Asamoto, H. Yamaura, Catal. Lett.2008, 124, 233.), were characterized by TPR, TPO, XRD, and XPS measurements. These techniques proved that Fe2O3 was partially reduced by H2 to Fe3O4 at 573 K in the presence of Cu0 and that the obtained Fe3O4 was reoxidized by O2 at the same temperature. The pronounced effect of Fe addition to Cu/Al2O3 on the catalytic activity for WGS reaction was observed at 523–623 K. It is concluded that partially reduced Fe2O3, probably Fe3O4, acts as an active site for LT-WGS reaction in the addition to Cu0, resulting in the improvement of the catalytic activity at 523–623 K.
Breast leukemia: an update
Authors: Surov Alexey , Wienke Andreas , Abbas Jasmin 
Published: April 2012

Background Breast leukemia is extremely rare. The published data on this manifestation include predominantly case reports and do not provide any statistical information. Purpose To identify clinical signs and radiological features of breast leukemia. Material and Methods PubMed and Medline databases between 1980 and 2010 were screened using ‘breast leukemia’ and ‘leukemia of the breast’ as keywords. Secondary references were also reviewed. By this search, a total of 139 patients were identified from the literature. Results In most patients ( n = 85, 61.2%) acute myeloid leukemia was diagnosed. Acute lymphatic leukemia occurred in 35 patients (25.2%). Isolated BL before bone marrow infiltration was seen in 24 patients (17.3%). Involvement of the breast during the course of leukemia was diagnosed in 25 cases (18%). Intramammary leukemic relapse after therapy/stem cell transplantation occurred in 59 patients (42.4%). In 71 cases (51.1%) the lesions were solitary and in 57 (41%) multiple. The number of lesions was not reported in 11 patients (7.9%). There was no significant difference between the number of lesions in ML and LL. Clinically, 73% of the patients presented with palpable breast masses. Most of them were painless. Mammography was performed in 39 patients, allowing the identification of the following three mammographic patterns: breast masses (28 patients, 72%), architectural distortion (5 patients, 13%), no abnormalities (6 patients, 15%). On ultrasound, most identified masses were homogeneously hypoechoic with microlobulated or indistinct margins. On MRI, on T2-weighted images breast lesions were hyperintense. After venous administration of contrast medium, BL showed marked inhomogeneous contrast enhancement. Treatment of BL is the same as for other localizations and is based on chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Conclusion In the present study the clinical and radiological features of BL are described. They are non-specific. However, BL should be considered in the differential diagnosis of breast disorders, especially in patients with leukemia.
Newborn Screening for Spinal Muscular Atrophy by Calibrated Short-Amplicon Melt Profiling
Authors: Dobrowolski Steven F , Pham Ha T , Pouch Downes Frances , Prior Thomas W , Naylor Edwin W , Swoboda Kathy J 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe management options for the autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) are evolving; however, their efficacy may require presymptom diagnosis and continuous treatment. To identify presymptomatic SMA patients, we created a DNA-based newborn screening assay to identify the homozygous deletions of the SMN1 (survival of motor neuron 1, telomeric) gene observed in 95%–98% of affected patients.METHODSWe developed primers that amplify a 52-bp PCR product from homologous regions in the SMN1 and SMN2 (survival of motor neuron 2, centromeric) genes that flank a divergent site at site c.840. Post-PCR high-resolution melt profiling assessed the amplification product, and we used a unique means of melt calibration to normalize profiles. Samples that we had previously characterized for the numbers of SMN1 and SMN2 copies established genotypes associated with particular profiles. The system was evaluated with approximately 1000 purified DNA samples, 100 self-created dried blood spots, and &gt;1200 dried blood spots from newborn screening tests.RESULTSHomozygous deletion of SMN1 exon 7 produced a distinctive melt profile that identified SMA patients. Samples with different numbers of SMN1 and SMN2 copies were resolved by their profiles. All samples with homozygous deletions were unambiguously recognized, and no normal sample was misidentified as a positive.CONCLUSIONSThis assay has characteristics suitable for population-based screening. A reliable screening test will facilitate the identification of an SMA-affected cohort to receive early intervention to maximize the benefit from treatment. A prospective screening trial will allow the efficacy of treatment options to be assessed, which may justify the inclusion of SMA as a target for population screening.
New separation method of no-carrier-added 47Sc from titanium targets
Authors: Bartoś Barbara , Majkowska Agnieszka , Krajewski S. , Bilewicz Aleksander 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Radionuclides with medium energy beta emission and a several day half-life are attractive candidates for radioimmunotherapy. Among the most promising in this category is 47Sc produced by fast neutron irradiation (E
n>1 MeV) of titanium target with high energy neutrons in 47Ti(n,p) 47Sc nuclear reaction. In the previously reported production scheme the dissolution of the TiO2 target in hot concentrated H2SO4 and evaporation of the resulting solution were the most time-consuming steps. The present paper describes new, simple and efficient production method of 47Sc, where the slow dissolution of the target is avoided. After irradiation in fast neutron flux 47TiO2 and Li2
47TiF6 targets were dissolved in HF solutions. Next 47Sc was separated from the target using anion exchange resin Dowex 1 with 0.4 M HF + 0.06 M HNO3 solution as eluent. The eluted 47Sc was adsorbed on cation exchange resin and eluted with 0.5 M of ammonium acetate. The 47Sc separation yield in the proposed procedure is about 90% with the separation time less than 2 h. The obtained no-carrier-added 47Sc was used to label DOTATATE conjugate with 96% labeling yield.
Kinetics of hydrogen peroxide consumption in aqueous phase at different hydrogen partial pressures
Authors: Giménez Javier , Casas Ignasi , Sureda Rosa , de Pablo Joan 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The reaction between aqueous hydrogen peroxide solutions and hydrogen has been studied at room temperature and in the absence of catalytic products. The concentrations of the hydrogen peroxide solutions used are in the level expected to be obtained by water radiolysis in the vicinity of spent nuclear fuel surface. On the other hand, different hydrogen pressures were used, with a maximum of 48 bars, which mimics the maximum pressure postulated as a result of iron-steel containers anoxic corrosion.
The reaction evolution has been determined by the decrease of hydrogen peroxide concentration with time. A clear effect has been observed, and the rate of reaction is found to be enhanced as the hydrogen pressure is increased.
From the experiments performed, a kinetic constant k=0.029 ± 0.009 dm3 mol−1 s−1 has been determined for the reaction H2O2 + H2(g) → 2H2O based on a second-order overall kinetics reaction (first order with respect to hydrogen peroxide and first order with respect to hydrogen).
Influence of diluent alkyl substitution on the extraction of Am(III) and Eu(III) by a 6,6´-bis(1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)-2,2´-bipyridine ligand dissolved in alkylated cyclohexanone diluents
Authors: Distler P. , Spendlikova I. , John Jan , Harwood L. M. , Hudson M. J. , Lewis F. W. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Several alkylated cyclohexanones were investigated as potential diluents for the selective extraction of Am(III) from Eu(III) from nitric acid solutions by the CyMe4-BTBP ligand. No significant extraction of either of the metal ions was observed for these diluents themselves. In the extractions from 1 M HNO3, 3-methylcyclohexanone and 4-methylcyclohexanone gave comparable results to cyclohexanone whereas in the extractions from 4 M HNO3, 2-methylcyclohexanone, 3-methylcyclohexanone and 4-methylcyclohexanone all gave superior results. For the monomethylated diluents, D
Am and SFAm/Eu decreased in the order of alkyl substitution 2 > 4 ∼ 3. However, alkyl substitution of cyclohexanone significantly slows down the extraction kinetics compared to cyclohexanone, and the position of alkyl substitution was found to play an important role in the solvents properties. 3-Methylcyclohexanone was identified as the most promising of the diluents.
Facile solvent extraction separation of Th-227 and Ac-225 based on room-temperature ionic liquids
Authors: Luo H. M. , Boll R. A. , Bell J. R. , Dai Sheng 
Published: April 2012

AbstractNew separation methodologies for radioisotopes are crucial to many medical applications. In this work, the solvent extraction of Th-227 and Ac-225 based on ionic liquids (ILs) was investigated usingN,N,N´,N´-tetraoctyldiglycolamide (TODGA) or di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (HDEHP) as an extractant. Four ILs, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([C4mim][NTf2]), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(perfluoroethanesulfonyl)imide ([C4mim][BETI]), 1-butyl-2,3-trimethyleneimidazolium (trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([BuI5][NTf2]), and 1-benzyl pyridinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([PhCH2Py][NTf2]) with different cation or anion structural features were used as diluents for the separation of Th-227 and Ac-225. Excellent extraction efficiencies and selectivities were found for Th-227/Ac-225 when HDEHP was used as an extractant in these ILs. The effects of different extractant concentrations in ILs and different aqueous phase acidities on extraction efficiencies and selectivities of Th-227/Ac-225 are also presented. The success in separation of Th-227 and Ac-225 isotopes highlights great potentials of use of ionic liquids in isotope production.
90Nb – a potential PET nuclide: production and labeling of monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Radchenko V. , Hauser H. , Eisenhut M. , Vugts D. J. , van Dongen G. A. M. S. , Roesch Frank 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Fast progressing immuno-PET gives reasons to develop new potential medium-long and long-lived radioisotopes. One of the promising candidates is 90Nb. It has a half-life of 14.6 h, which allows visualizing and quantifying processes with medium and slow kinetics, such as tumor accumulation of antibodies and antibodies fragments or polymers and other nanoparticles. 90Nb exhibits a high positron branching of 53% and an optimal energy of β
+ emission of E
mean=0.35 MeV only. Consequently, efficient radionuclide production routes and NbV labeling techniques are required.

90Nb was produced by the 90Zr(p,n) 90Nb nuclear reaction on natural zirconium targets. No-carrier-added (n.c.a.) 90Nb was separated from the zirconium target via a multi-step separation procedure including extraction steps and ion-exchange chromatography. Protein labeling was exemplified using the bifunctional chelator desferrioxamine attached to the monoclonal antibody rituximab. Desferrioxamine was coupled to rituximab via two different routes, by the use of N-succinyl-desferrioxamine (N-suc-Df) and by means of the bifunctional derivative p-isothiocyanatobenzyl-desferrioxamine B (Df-Bz-NCS), respectively. Following antibody modification, labeling with 90Nb was performed in HEPES buffer at pH 7 at room temperature. In vitro stability of the radiolabeled conjugates was tested in saline buffer at room temperature and in fetal calf serum (FCS) at 37 ºC.
The selected production route led to a high yield of 145 ± 10 MBq/μA h of 90Nb with high radioisotopic purity of >97%. This yield may allow for large scale production of about 10 GBq 90Nb. The separation procedure resulted in 76–81% yield. The Zr/90Nb decontamination factor reaches 107. Subsequent radiolabeling of the two different conjugates with 90Nb gave high yields; after one hour incubation at room temperature, more than 90% of 90Nb-Df-mAb was formed in both cases. At room temperature in aqueous solution, both 90Nb-Df-mAb constructs were more than 99% stable over a period of 18 d.
The developed production and separation strategy provided 90Nb with purity appropriate for radiolabeling applications. Labeling and stability studies proved the applicability of 90Nb as a potential positron emitter for immuno-PET.
Ploidy and Hybridity Effects on Growth Vigor and Gene Expression inArabidopsis thalianaHybrids and Their Parents
Authors: Miller Marisa , Zhang Changqing , Chen Z Jeffrey 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBoth ploidy and hybridity affect cell size and growth vigor in plants and animals, but the relative effects of genome dosage and hybridization on biomass, fitness, and gene expression changes have not been systematically examined. Here we performed the first comparative analysis of seed, cell, and flower sizes, starch and chlorophyll content, biomass, and gene expression changes in diploid, triploid, and tetraploid hybrids and their respective parents in three Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes: Columbia, C24, and Landsberg erecta (Ler). Ploidy affects many morphological and fitness traits, including stomatal size, flower size, and seed weight, whereas hybridization between the ecotypes leads to altered expression of central circadian clock genes and increased starch and chlorophyll content, biomass, and seed weight. However, varying ploidy levels has subtle effects on biomass, circadian clock gene expression, and chlorophyll and starch content. Interestingly, biomass, starch content, and seed weight are significantly different between the reciprocal hybrids at all ploidy levels tested, with the lowest and highest levels found in the reciprocal triploid hybrids, suggesting parent-of-origin effects on biomass, starch content, and seed weight. These findings provide new insights into molecular events of polyploidy and heterosis, as well as complex agronomic traits that are important to biomass and seed production in hybrid and polyploid crops.
Randomized Trial of Probiotics and Calcium on Diarrhea and Respiratory Tract Infections in Indonesian Children
Authors: Agustina Rina , Kok Frans J. , van de Rest Ondine , Fahmida Umi , Firmansyah Agus , Lukito Widjaja , Feskens Edith J. M. , van den Heuvel Ellen G. H. M. , Albers Ruud , Bovee-Oudenhoven Ingeborg M. J. 
Published: April 2012

OBJECTIVE:
To investigate the effects of calcium and probiotics on the incidence and duration of acute diarrhea and acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) in low-socioeconomic communities of Jakarta, Indonesia.

METHODS:
We conducted a 6-month, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 494 healthy children aged 1 to 6 years who received low-lactose milk with low calcium content (LC; ∼50 mg/day; n = 124), regular calcium content (RC; ∼440 mg/day; n = 126), RC with 5.108 colony-forming units per day of Lactobacillus casei CRL431 (casei; n = 120), or RC with 5.108 colony-forming units per day of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM17938 (reuteri; n = 124). Number and duration of diarrhea and ARTIs episodes were primary and secondary outcomes, respectively.

RESULTS:
Incidence of World Health Organization–defined diarrhea (≥3 loose/liquid stools in 24 hours) was not significantly different between RC and LC (relative risk [RR]: 0.99 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.62–1.58]), between casei and RC (RR: 1.21 [95% CI: 0.76–1.92]), or between reuteri and RC (RR: 0.76 [95% CI: 0.46–1.25]) groups. Incidence of all reported diarrhea (≥2 loose/liquid stools in 24 hours) was significantly lower in the reuteri versus RC group (RR: 0.68 [95% CI: 0.46–0.99]). Irrespective of the definition used, reuteri significantly reduced diarrhea incidence in children with lower nutritional status (below-median height-and-weight-for-age z score). None of the interventions affected ARTIs.

CONCLUSIONS:
RC milk, alone or with L casei, did not reduce diarrhea or ARTIs in Indonesian children. L reuteri may prevent diarrhea, especially in children with lower nutritional status.
Supplemental Written Information Improves Prenatal Counseling: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Muthusamy Anbu Durai , Leuthner Steven , Gaebler-Uhing Charlene , Hoffmann Raymond G , Li Shun-Hwa , Basir Mir Abdul 
Published: April 2012

OBJECTIVE:
To determine if maternal knowledge of prematurity is improved when verbal gestational age-specific counseling is supplemented with written gestational age-specific information.

METHODS:
Prospective, randomized study of 60 pregnant participants assessed to be at risk for premature delivery between 23 and 34 weeks’ gestation. Counseling in the control group consisted of gestational age–specific verbal information, and counseling in the intervention group consisted of written gestational age–specific information 1 hour before the verbal gestational age–specific information. Both groups completed a Prematurity Knowledge Questionnaire after counseling and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory before and after counseling. The Prematurity Knowledge Questionnaire consisted of questions regarding short-term problems (immature lungs, intraventricular hemorrhage, retinopathy, feeding problems, infection, apnea, and jaundice), long-term problems (chronic lung disease, postdischarge respiratory infections, visual impairment, hearing impairment, brain damage, and learning and behavior problems), and numerical outcome data (probabilities of survival, survival without significant morbidity, severe intraventricular hemorrhage, severe retinopathy, and chronic lung disease).

RESULTS:
Knowledge of short-term problems was not statistically different between the intervention (82%) and control groups (67%). Knowledge of long-term problems was better in the intervention (71%) than the control group (45%). Knowledge of numerical data was better in the intervention (48%) than the control group (29%). State-Trait Anxiety Inventory scores decreased after counseling in the intervention group.

CONCLUSIONS:
Supplementation of face-to-face verbal counseling with written information improved knowledge of long-term problems and knowledge of numerical outcome data, and it also decreased anxiety in women expecting a premature delivery.
Early or Delayed Enteral Feeding for Preterm Growth-Restricted Infants: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Leaf Alison , Dorling Jon , Kempley Stephen , McCormick Kenny , Mannix Paul , Linsell Louise , Juszczak Edmund , Brocklehurst Peter ,   on behalf of the Abnormal Doppler Enteral Prescription Trial Collaborative Group
Published: April 2012

BACKGROUND:
Growth-restricted preterm infants are at increased risk of developing necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and initiation of enteral feeding is frequently delayed. There is no evidence that this delay is beneficial and it might further compromise nutrition and growth.

METHODS:
Infants with gestation below 35 weeks, birth weight below the 10th centile, and abnormal antenatal umbilical artery Doppler waveforms were randomly allocated to commence enteral feeds “early,” on day 2 after birth, or “late,” on day 6. Gradual increase in feeds was guided by a “feeding prescription” with rate of increase the same for both groups. Primary outcomes were time to achieve full enteral feeding sustained for 72 hours and NEC.

RESULTS:
Four hundred four infants were randomly assigned from 54 hospitals in the United Kingdom and Ireland (202 to each group). Median gestation was 31 weeks. Full, sustained, enteral feeding was achieved at an earlier age in the early group: median age was 18 days compared with 21 days (hazard ratio: 1.36 [95% confidence interval: 1.11–1.67]). There was no evidence of a difference in the incidence of NEC: 18% in the early group and 15% in the late group (relative risk: 1.2 [95% confidence interval: 0.77–1.87]). Early feeding resulted in shorter duration of parenteral nutrition and high-dependency care, lower incidence of cholestatic jaundice, and improved SD score for weight at discharge.

CONCLUSIONS:
Early introduction of enteral feeds in growth-restricted preterm infants results in earlier achievement of full enteral feeding and does not appear to increase the risk of NEC.