bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards the Synthesis of (–)‐Callipeltoside A: Stereoselective Synthesis of the C1–C14 Macrolactone Core
Authors: Yadav Jhillu S. , Haldar Animesh , Maity Tapas 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA highly stereoselective synthesis of the C1–C14 macrolactone core of the cytotoxic macrolide (–)‐callipeltoside A has been achieved by utilizing an anti‐selective aldol reaction and Wittig olefination to introduce an (E)‐trisubstituted alkene, chemoselective diisobutylaluminum hydride (DIBAL‐H) reduction of the 2,3‐epoxy tosylate to install the C13 stereocenter, and intramolecular trapping of the acyl‐ketene intermediate by the C13 hydroxy group as key steps.
Facile Construction of [6,6]‐, [6,7]‐, [6,8]‐, and [6,9]Ring‐Fused Triazole Frameworks by Copper‐Catalyzed, Tandem, One‐Pot, Click and Intramolecular Arylation Reactions: Elaboration to Fused Pentacyclic Derivatives
Authors: Nagarjuna Reddy M. , Kumara Swamy K. C. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA sequential copper‐catalyzed, one‐pot, click reaction–intramolecular direct arylation, which involves two mechanistically distinct reactions (atom‐economical click reaction and direct arylation of 1,2,3‐triazole), to generate [6,6]‐, [6,7]‐, [6,8]‐, and [6,9]ring‐fused triazoles is reported. Furthermore, a unique divergence of reactivity between the fused triazoles prepared from 2‐bromobenzyl azide and 2‐bromophenylazide that leads to a fused pentacyclic heterocycle for the former and a C–C‐coupled, biphenyl‐fused, tricyclic product for the latter is observed under Pd catalysis. All of the key products have been characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography.
Towards Normalising Variability in Current Responses at Glassy Carbon Electrodes Using Double Layer Capacitance; a Case Study of Citrinin
Authors: Niland Michael J. , Fogel Ronen , Flanagan Shane P. , Limson Janice L. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractHeterogeneity in surface condition is a widely reported factor of carbonaceous electrodes that leads to irreproducibility in faradaic current response(s) (Ip). As Ip and double layer capacitances (Cdl) are similarly influenced by surface associated parameters, we report on a method aimed at exploiting that interaction to normalise Ip variability of adsorptive analytes across inconsistent electrode surface preparations. A linear correlation was observed between Cdl and Ip to citrinin and 1,2,4‐benzenetriol. By rendering Ip a factor of Cdl, the coefficient of variation of Ip was reduced to a third of original responses on assessed surfaces permitting determination of analyte solution concentration.
The role of ATM and 53BP1 as predictive markers in cervical cancer
Authors: Roossink Frank , Wieringa Hylke W. , Noordhuis Maartje G. , ten Hoor Klaske A. , Kok Mirjam , Slagter‐Menkema Lorian , Hollema Harry , de Bock Geertruida H. , Pras Elisabeth , de Vries Elisabeth G.E. , de Jong Steven , van der Zee Ate G.J. , Schuuring Ed , Wisman G. Bea A. , van Vugt Marcel A.T.M. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractTreatment of advanced‐stage cervical cancers with (chemo)radiation causes cytotoxicity through induction of high levels of DNA damage. Tumour cells respond to DNA damage by activation of the ‘DNA damage response’ (DDR), which induces DNA repair and may counteract chemoradiation efficacy. Here, we investigated DDR components as potential therapeutic targets and verified the predictive and prognostic value of DDR activation in patients with cervical cancer treated with (chemo)radiation. In a panel of cervical cancer cell lines, inactivation of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) or its substrate p53‐binding protein‐1 (53BP1) clearly gave rise to cell cycle defects in response to irradiation. Concordantly, clonogenic survival analysis revealed that ATM inhibition, but not 53BP1 depletion, strongly radiosensitised cervical cancer cells. In contrast, ATM inhibition did not radiosensitise non‐transformed epithelial cells or non‐transformed BJ fibroblasts. Interestingly, high levels of active ATM prior to irradiation were related with increased radioresistance. To test whether active ATM in tumours prior to treatment also resulted in resistance to therapy, immunohistochemistry was performed on tumour material of patients with advanced‐stage cervical cancer (n = 375) treated with (chemo)radiation. High levels of phosphorylated (p‐)ATM [p = 0.006, hazard ratio (HR) = 1.817] were related to poor locoregional disease‐free survival. Furthermore, high levels of p‐ATM predicted shorter disease‐specific survival (p = 0.038, HR = 1.418). The presence of phosphorylated 53BP1 was associated with p‐ATM (p = 0.001, odds ratio = 2.206) but was not related to any clinicopathological features or survival. In conclusion, both our in vitro and patient‐related findings indicate a protective role for ATM in response to (chemo)radiation in cervical cancer and point at ATM inhibition as a possible means to improve the efficacy of (chemo)radiation.
Increasing the bioavailability of leadership in organizations
Authors: Rieley James B. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractTo achieve long‐term, sustainable success, an organization needs to not only have tangible financial and human resources, but also be driven by effective leadership at every level. Taking a cue from the medical industry's notion of bioavailability, organizational leaders can learn how to make the right decisions at the right times, and for the right reasons. In so doing, they ultimately can create an environment in which managers and employees throughout the hierarchy can realize their individual and collective potential. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On the way to great at Morristown Medical Center's Emergency Department
Authors: Calichman Meghan , Klemm Richard 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe Emergency Department (ED) at Morristown Medical Center in New Jersey, the largest hospital within the Atlantic Health System, was already well known for providing quality care when its leaders determined it could do even better. They formed a task force that developed several new processes to expedite patient care and ensured that the staff was committed to a new series of performance objectives. Continual feedback and ongoing communication helped keep the staff on track. In less than two months, the ED was able to cut the time it took a provider to see a patient by 20 percent, reduce the number of patients leaving without being seen or treated by 40 percent, and increase patient satisfaction by 20 percent. Now the focus in the ED is on maintaining progress by continuing to strive for even greater performance. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A spatial rank‐based multivariate EWMA control chart
Authors: Zou Changliang , Wang Zhaojun , Tsung Fugee 
Published: February 2012

AbstractNonparametric control charts are useful in statistical process control when there is a lack of or limited knowledge about the underlying process distribution, especially when the process measurement is multivariate. This article develops a new multivariate self‐starting methodology for monitoring location parameters. It is based on adapting the multivariate spatial rank to on‐line sequential monitoring. The weighted version of the rank‐based test is used to formulate the charting statistic by incorporating the exponentially weighted moving average control scheme. It is robust to non‐normally distributed data, easy to construct, fast to compute and also very efficient in detecting multivariate process shifts, especially small or moderate shifts which occur when the process distribution is heavy‐tailed or skewed. As it avoids the need for a lengthy data‐gathering step before charting and it does not require knowledge of the underlying distribution, the proposed control chart is particularly useful in start‐up or short‐run situations. A real‐data example from white wine production processes shows that it performs quite well. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 59: 91–110, 2012
Optimization of the synthesis of polyhydroxyurethanes using dynamic rheometry
Authors: Benyahya Sofia , Boutevin Bernard , Caillol Sylvain , Lapinte Vincent , Habas Jean‐Pierre 
Published: February 2012

AbstractPolyhydroxyurethanes (PHUs) produced by the reaction between dicyclocarbonate and diamine groups are often presented as possible candidates to substitute for classical polyurethanes based on isocyanate precursors. In the literature, the synthesis of this class of polymers is often performed according to arbitrary conditions of time and temperature without any scientific justification. As such, the real potential of PHUs is probably not fully known. Numerous contradictions in previously published results seem to support this hypothesis. Our paper proposes two methodologies based on dynamic rheometry to determine optimized conditions for the synthesis of PHUs. The case of a PHU formed by the reaction between 1,10‐diaminodecane and a dicyclocarbonate bearing a central aromatic group is described more precisely. The first approach consists of conducting various rheological experiments (kinetics, thermomechanical analyses) in situ on the reaction mixture. The second one retains the same technique to qualify the viscoelastic properties of PHUs synthesized according to various conditions. In this latter case, all samples show thermomechanical behaviour of amorphous thermoplastic polymers. But discrepancies are observed with regard to the value of the glass transition temperature and the existence or not of a rubbery zone. Comparison of these data with size exclusion chromatography results shows that these differences are direct consequences of the polymer molecular weight that can be predicted using macromolecular theory. The properties of the PHUs obtained after optimization of the polymerization reaction were compared with literature data in order to complete the evaluation of the efficiency of the rheological methodology. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Integrating care: a new model of service delivery for complex cases
Authors: Young Venetia 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWith GPs now responsible for commissioning care in many areas, this provides opportunities for developing new models of delivering multidisciplinary care. Dr Young, Trustee of Primhe, explains how complex cases could be better managed if mental health services operated from GP surgeries. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crosslinked polynorbornene particles synthesis by ring‐opening metathesis polymerization in dispersion
Authors: Le Meur Anne‐Claire , Aymonier Cyril , Heroguez Valérie 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThis article proposes the first report on the synthesis of nanometric crosslinked polynorbornene particles by ring‐opening metathesis polymerization in dispersion using ruthenium‐based complex (PCy3)2Cl2RuCHPh as initiator. Stable but raspberry‐shaped particles were obtained. In this study, a particular attention was paid to the influence of the crosslinker nature and addition mode on reaction kinetics and morphology of the latex particles. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Poly(ethylene glycol)–poly(L‐lactide) star block copolymer hydrogels crosslinked by metal–ligand coordination
Authors: Buwalda Sytze J. , Dijkstra Pieter J. , Feijen Jan 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe aqueous solution behavior and thermoreversible gelation properties of pyridine‐end‐functionalized poly(ethylene glycol)–poly(L‐lactide) (PEG–(PLLA)8–py) star block copolymers in the presence of coordinating transition metal ions were studied. In aqueous solutions, the macromonomers self‐assembled into micelles and micellar aggregates at low concentrations and formed physically crosslinked, thermoreversible hydrogels above a critical gel concentration (CGC) of 8% w/v. In the presence of transition metal ions like Cu(II), Co(II), or Mn(II), the aggregate dimensions increased. Above the CGC, the gel–sol transition shifted to higher temperatures due to the formation of additional crosslinks from intermolecular coordination complexes between metal ions and pyridine ligands. Furthermore, as an example, PEG–(PLLA)8–py hydrogels stabilized by Mn(II)–pyridine coordination complexes were more resistant against degradation/dissolution when placed in phosphate buffered saline at 37 °C when compared with hydrogels prepared in water. Importantly, the stabilizing effect of metal–ligand coordination was noticeable at very low Cu(II) concentrations, which have been reported to be noncytotoxic for fibroblasts in vitro. These novel PEG–(PLLA)8–py metallo‐hydrogels, which are the first systems to combine metal–ligand coordination with the advantageous properties of PEG–PLLA copolymer hydrogels, are appealing materials that may find use in biomedical as well as environmental applications like the removal of heavy metal ions from waste streams. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
A novel polymerization approach via thiol‐yne addition
Authors: Türünç Oğuz , Meier Michael A. R. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe ability of thiyl radicals to add to terminal unsaturations in an efficient way made them considered being one of the click reactions. Recently, thiol‐yne addition reactions have been used extensively for the synthesis of crosslinked networks and dendrimers and postpolymerization functionalization protocols. Herein, we report a novel step‐growth type reaction for highly functional linear polymers using a monoalkyne and dithiol compound. First, we investigated the model reaction between 1‐octyne and 1‐octanethiol as well as 1,4‐butanedithiol compounds, which were initiated via self‐, thermal‐, and UV‐initiation; the UV‐initiation was found to be the most efficient method and completed within 2‐h reaction time. The same conditions were applied for the polymerization of four different functional alkynes bearing different functional groups with two dithiol compounds. All polymerizations resulted in highly functional linear polymers with number averaged molecular weights ranging from 5 to 30 kDa, except for propargylic acid and its methyl ester, where only oligomers formed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
3,6‐Dialkylthieno[3,2‐b]thiophene moiety as a soluble and electron donating unit preserving the coplanarity of photovoltaic low band gap copolymers
Authors: Biniek Laure , Chochos Christos L. , Leclerc Nicolas , Boyron Olivier , Fall Sadiara , Lévèque Patrick , Heiser Thomas 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIt has been shown recently, that the presence of alkyl side chains at the 3‐positions on the thiophene rings placed next to 2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole core in the backbone of several conjugated polymers results in severe steric hindrance and prevents efficient planarity of the thiophene‐2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole‐thiophene (TBzT) segment. Both properties have a strong influence on the optoelectronic properties of the polymer and need to be considered when the polymer is to be used for organic electronics applications. In this work, we modified a previously synthesized oligothiophene copolymer, consisting of two 3,4′‐dialkyl‐2,2′‐bithiophene units attached to a 2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole unit (TBzT segment) and a thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene unit, by optimizing the lateral alkyl side chains following a density functional theory investigation. It is demonstrated that eliminating the alkyl side chains from the 3‐positions of the TBzT segment and anchoring them onto the thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene, using an efficient synthesis of the 3,6‐dihexylthieno[3,2‐b]thiophene unit, allows us to reduce the energy band gap. In addition, the chemical modification leads to a better charge transport and to an enhanced photovoltaic efficiency of polymer/fullerene blends. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Effect of amplitude and inspiratory time in a bench model of non‐invasive HFOV through nasal prongs
Authors: De Luca Daniele , Piastra Marco , Pietrini Domenico , Conti Giorgio 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackground and objectivesNon‐invasive high frequency oscillatory ventilation through nasal prongs (nHFOV) has been proposed to combine the advantages of oscillatory pressure waveform and non‐invasive interface. We studied the effect of oscillation amplitude and inspiratory time on the pressure transmission and tidal volume delivery through different nasal prongs.MethodsIn vitro mechanical study on a previously described bench model of nHFOV. The model was built connecting SM3100A tubings to a neonatal lung model, via two differently sized binasal prongs. A circuit with no nasal prongs was used as control. Tidal volume (Tv), oscillatory pressure ratio (ΔPdist/ΔPprox), and ventilation (DCO2) were measured across a range of amplitudes and inspiratory times (IT). Measurements were performed with a low‐dead space hot wire anemometer coupled with a pressure transducer.ResultsUsing both nasal prongs, Tv, ΔPdist/ΔPprox, and DCO2 were 83%, 40%, and 71%, respectively, of those provided with the control circuit. No differences were noticed between small and large prongs. Tv and ΔPprox were linked by a quadratic relationship. Tv plateaus for amplitude values >65 cmH2O. ΔPdist/ΔPprox shows same tendency. Same results were obtained with both types of prongs and with increasing IT. On the whole, mean Tv was higher with IT at 50% than at 33% (2.4 ml vs. 1.4 ml; P < 0.001).ConclusionsChanging oscillation amplitude and IT has a significant effect on ventilation. Varying these two parameters provides a theoretical Tv within the ideal values for HFOV also using the smallest nasal prongs. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012. 47:1012–1018. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Non‐invasive ventilation for severe bronchiolitis: Analysis and evidence
Authors: Lazner Michaela R. , Basu Anna P. , Klonin Hilary 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjectives(1) To examine whether infants with severe bronchiolitis, fulfilling criteria for further respiratory support, could be managed outside a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) with non‐invasive ventilation (NIV) alone. (2) To study the characteristics, clinical course and outcome of NIV responders and non responders to assess safety and efficacy and inform guideline construction.HypothesisInfants with severe bronchiolitis can be safely managed with NIV outside a PICU.Study DesignRetrospective case review.Patient SelectionCohort of infants with objective evidence of severe bronchiolitis requiring respiratory support nursed in a Pediatric High Dependency Unit (PHDU) and/or Intensive Care Unit (ICU) between 2001 and 2007.MethodologyAnalysis of patient characteristics and respiratory parameters at admission and initiation of ventilation, changes after 2 and 4 hr of NIV or invasive ventilation, complications, short and long‐term outcomes were analyzed.ResultsOne thousand and thirty‐five infants with bronchiolitis were admitted with 67 ventilation episodes identified from 65 patients. Fifty‐five episodes, including 34 with apnea, were treated exclusively with NIV. Six infants failed to respond and were invasively ventilated. Six patients were invasively ventilated at presentation. Non‐responders had a significantly higher rate of bacterial infection. Significant improvements in respiratory parameters in responders occurred by 2 hr and sustained at 4 hr. Duration of hospital stay, ventilation requirement and oxygen requirement were significantly shorter in responders. Short and longer‐term follow up data did not identify any adverse effects related to NIV.ConclusionsNIV was effective in 80% of infants receiving respiratory support for severe bronchiolitis. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012. 47:909–916. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lung function at follow‐up of infants with surgically correctable anomalies
Authors: Prendergast Michael , Rafferty Gerrard F. , Milner Anthony D. , Broughton Simon , Davenport Mark , Jani Jacques , Nicolaides Kypros , Greenough Anne 
Published: February 2012

AbstractInfants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) or anterior wall defects (AWD) can suffer abnormal antenatal lung growth, the risk, however, may be greater for CDH infants. The objectives of this study were to test the hypothesis that following surgical correction, CDH infants would have worse lung function at follow‐up than AWD infants and to determine whether fetal lung volume (FLV) results correlated with the lung function results at follow‐up.Thirteen infants with CDH and 13 infants with AWD had lung function measurements at a median age of 11 (range 6–24) months; 17 of the infants had had their FLV assessed.Lung function was assessed by plethysmographic measurement of lung volume (FRCpleth) and airway resistance (Raw). In addition, functional residual capacity was assessed by a helium gas dilution technique (FRCHe); tidal breathing parameters (TPTEF:Te) and compliance and resistance of the respiratory system (Crs and Rrs, respectively) were also determined. FLV was assessed using three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasound and virtual organ computer aided analysis.The CDH compared to the AWD infants had a higher median FRCpleth (41 ml/kg vs. 37 ml/kg, P = 0.043) and a lower median Crs (1.45 ml/cm H2O/kg vs. 2.78 ml/cm H2O/kg, P = 0.041). FRCpleth results correlated significantly with FLV results (r = 0.721, P < 0.001).In conclusion, infants with CDH had significantly different lung function at follow‐up than AWD infants. Our findings suggest FLV results may predict lung function abnormalities at follow‐up in infants with surgically correctable anomalies. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012. 47:973–978. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantification of shape of flow‐volume loop of healthy preschool children and preschool children with wheezing disorders
Authors: Nève Véronique , Matran Régis , Baquet Georges , Methlin Catherine‐Marie , Delille Christelle , Boulenguez Charles , Edmé Jean‐Louis 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe earliest change associated with airflow obstruction in small airways is reflected in a concave shape on the maximum expiratory flow‐volume loop (MEFVL). The shape of the MEFL changes with age but reference values for curvilinearity indices (CI) for preschool children have not been published. We aimed to describe the normal curvilinearity of healthy preschool MEFVL by CI (the β angle and the ratio of maximum expiratory flow when 50% of forced vital capacity remains to be expired/peak expiratory flow (MEF50%/PEF)) and to test their capacity in detecting concavity in preschool children with wheezing disorders.MethodsSpirometric data were obtained from 132 healthy preschool children and 171 3‐to‐5‐year‐old preschool children with wheezing disorders and reference values for CI calculated.ResultsMean (SD) β angle of healthy children was 203° (16°) and mean MEF50%/PEF of healthy children was 0.71 (0.12) indicating convexity of MEFVL, both decreased with increasing age (P = 10−4). Children with wheezing disorders had lower z‐score values of CI (P ≤ 10−6) indicating more concave MEFVL. Among the two CI, MEF50%/PEF allowed for the best discrimination between healthy children and children with wheezing disorders (Wilks' lambda = 0.898, P = 10−7).ConclusionThese CI can detect and quantify the concavity of the descending limb of the MEFVL in preschool children with wheezing disorders, MEF50%/PEF having the highest sensitivity in detecting the concavity. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012. 47:884–894. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of alloy fluctuations on the local polarization in nitride nanostructures
Authors: Caro Miguel A. , Schulz Stefan , O'Reilly Eoin P. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWe present a classical dipole model, in combination with first‐principles calculations, to study the local polarization, as well as the polarization potential, in InGaN alloys. Our results are in excellent agreement with previous ab initio calculations in the macroscopic limit and, in addition, offer an insight into the microscopic origin of the previous results, in particular the strong relation between internal strain and the upward bowing in the spontaneous polarization of InGaN. This model can be generalized to any piezoelectric material, and in particular to AlInN and AlGaN alloys.