bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On Biblical Hebrew Temporality
Authors: Goldfajn Tal 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
This chapter examines the unique encounter offered in biblical Hebrew (BH) studies between the distinct disciplines of linguistics and theology. It suggests that the temporal interpretation of the classical BH verb forms may be more fully understood if their role in biblical narrative is analysed and that the fundamental temporal meanings of the verb forms are associated with their particular role in the structuring of the text. This chapter also provides a discussion of the historical explanations of the origins of the Hebrew verbal system.
Biblical Hebrew and Tense
Authors: Goldfajn Tal 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
This chapter examines the verb tense and the past-present-future axis in biblical Hebrew (BH) language. It explains the standard linear representation of time in linguistics and highlights some of the objections which have been raised with regard to this interpretation. The most famous objections to the threefold division of time into past, present, and future have come from linguists who claim that certain cultures have absolutely no concept of time.
The Perfect System
Authors: Evans T. V. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
This chapter establishes what evidence the Greek Pentateuch has to offer for the function of the perfect system. It shows that the choice of the perfect forms in these documents is largely free from Hebrew interference. These forms provide an important sample of early Koine usage, as it relates to Classical usage on the one hand, to that of the later Koine period on the other. The perfect system in the Pentateuch is free of formal interference from the underlying Hebrew. Lexical interference affects only the perfect participle, and is limited to the issue of frequency. The Greek verbal adjectives are in general vulnerable to such influence, through use as characteristic translation equivalents of common Hebrew expressions. This yields distortion of comparative frequencies among the tense forms of the participle.
General Conclusion
Authors: Evans T. V. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The use of aspect, tense, and mood in the Greek Pentateuch represents essentially idiomatic Greek, in accord with the usage of the early Koine vernacular. The evidence of these verbal categories contradicts the ‘LXX syntax equals Hebrew syntax’ view, for the Pentateuch at least. This is not to claim that Hebrew interference is entirely absent from these categories. However, apart from a few rather rare functional traits, interference is mainly manifested through the feature of frequency of occurrence. Thus, the Greek Pentateuch — and indeed the entire LXX — is an important witness for the history of the Greek verbal system during the early post-Classical period, when important changes were in progress. The verbal categories of translation Greek documents richly reward the intense scrutiny they have recently begun to attract.
Miracles
Authors: BARTHOLOMEW DAVID J. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The notion of a miracle is established as an act by some power external to the natural world. Aside from presenting points made by Hume, Lewis, Babbage, and other contributors, this chapter presents three categories that address the arguments against miracles: 1) theological objections that assert how miracles are inconsistent with God's nature; 2) scientific objections that claim miracles break physical law; and 3) historical objections that question whether these events actually happened or not. An investigation of these objections leads to the following conclusions: miracles do not directly defy worldly laws; the strength of the evidence of a miracle depends not only on the evidence, but on the probability that a God capable of acting in the world exists; many alleged miracles provide insufficient evidence for divine involvement; and the logic of uncertain inference can measure the value of human testimony as evidence.
Political Culture in Contemporary Britain
Authors: Miller William L. , Timpson Annis May , Lessnoff Michael 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis book examines what the British people and their politicians really think about the fundamentals of politics. Based on new and revealing survey data, it presents an analysis of British attitudes to civil, political, and social rights. The book uncovers two broad ‘macro-dimensions’ of political principle — liberty and equality — which underlie a large number of more specific principles and shape people’s responses to many practical issues. Controversially, it claims that commitments to liberty and equality tend to run together — only the least educated treat them as alternatives; left-wingers support both and right-wingers oppose both. It explores the influence of social background, personal experience, and the institutional setting on attitudes towards political principles, highlighting in particular age and the complex influences of education and religion. It also shows how arguments and propaganda combine with political principles and party loyalties to influence opinion on practical issues. The final chapter presents an overall model and quantifies the relative power of all these different influences.
Argumemt
Authors: Miller William L. , Timpson Annis May , Lessnoff Michael 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIt is reasonable to take account of arguments that do have content. They may not change the nature and circumstances of the question but they may present genuinely different perspectives and remind us of different factors that have a bearing on the question, and it would not be an act of weak-mindedness to respond to them. This chapter attempts to discover the power of genuine arguments of different kinds and the sensitivity of the respondent to them, as well as the purely manipulative power of the interview. It looks at the impact of using arguments without content, of adding arguments that do have content, of presenting alternative and opposed arguments, and of challenging people to change their minds.
Personal Experience
Authors: Miller William L. , Timpson Annis May , Lessnoff Michael 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis chapter moves from the broad questions of social background, partisanship, and ideology to look at people’s more personal and specific experience of being a victim of discrimination, a consumer of state services, or a participant in social and political life. Although the causes of these experiences may be interesting in themselves, we are more interested here in their consequences — in the impact that these kinds of experiences may have on people’s attitudes to civil, political, and social rights.
Policy Making in a New Field of Telecommunications: Advanced Networks and Services and Customer Premises Equipment from the Late 1970s to the Mid-1990s
Authors: Thatcher Mark 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis chapter examines the period from the late 1970s to 1996, covering institutional changes in Britain in the 1980s and those in France in 1990. The impact of institutional arrangements is revealed in three ways. First, the role of specific institutional features in producing policy patterns within each country is analyzed. Second, the effects of institutional change on patterns within each country are studied. Third, cross-national comparison shows how increasing institutional divergence between Britain and France in the 1980s was followed by policy divergence, and that the reduction in such institutional dissimilarities after 1990 led to reduced policy disparities without causing them to disappear.
Economic Outcomes in the Telecommunications Sector in Britain and France 1970–1997: Convergence Despite Institutional Divergence
Authors: Thatcher Mark 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis chapter examines the possible impact of national institutions on economic performance. It considers the indicators of ‘economic outcomes’ — quantifiable results concerning the supply of telecommunications services and equipment in the policy areas analyzed in the previous chapters. Over the period 1970-97 the similarities between the two countries are seen to be much greater than dissimilarities, and several indicators showing convergence instead of divergence.
The Coal Industry and the Economy in Early Modern Britain
Authors: Hatcher John 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis chapter discusses the impact of the coal industry on the economy of early modern Britain. Cheap coal was beneficial to Britain's industrial development, and well before the 18th century it had become the leading industrial fuel. With the notable exception of iron-making, coal was being burnt by all the major industries in which the provision of heat was a significant part of the production process, and it was virtually the sole fuel of the leading energy consumers. The substantial benefits which accrued to the swelling ranks of manufacturers and processors who could abandon expensive wood or charcoal stimulated innovation and improved competitiveness, thereby encouraging the emergence of Britain as a ‘mineral fuel economy’ in advance of any other nation.
Development for ‘Big Fish’ or for ‘Small Fish’?: A Study of Contrasts in Tanzania’s Fishing Sector
Authors: Swantz Marja-Liisa , Tripp Aili Mari 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The people-first orientation adopted by Tanzania — which originated from Julius Nyerere, who stepped down after twenty-four years of presidency — has yet to be adopted by other African nations. This approach became evident through the various public service programmes implemented within the country, especially those that concerned heath care and adult education. Some of the successes that resulted from such programmes include how adult literacy increased from 10 to 79 per cent, how life expectancy rose from 42 to 51 years, and how potable water was becoming accessible to the public. The commitment of the country in attending to the basic needs of the people involved people participating in considering, planning, and employing the plans that would advocate development and the benefit of the people. However, ‘progress’ took on a different meaning since it existed externally to development schemes. This chapter looks into the case of Tanzania’s fishing sector and the measures adopted to achieve development.
Hosting the Otherness of the Other: The Case of the Green Revolution
Authors: Esteva Gustavo 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
This chapter attempts attempts a radical pluralist approach in analyzing the marginalization experienced by the several different knowledge systems that were utilized during the Green Revolution. The chapter asserts that it is necessary for both modern technological measures and traditional techniques to exercise a certain degree of hospitality towards each other, since hosting another approach does not require adopting the methods of the other. Instead, hospitality embraces how these two aspects may be able to accept each other’s existence. The chapter retells the life stories of Fidel Palafox, Marte R. Gómez, and Efraím Hernández Xolocotzi, and illustrates how they reacted to and are affected by the various events brought about by the ‘Green Revolution’.
Software Development Practices
Authors: Fincham Robin , Fleck James , Procter Rob , Scarbrough Harry , Tierney Margaret , Williams Robin 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis chapter explores the main process of information technology (IT) innovation, namely, the area of knowledge that has become recognized as software engineering. Throughout its history, software has been beset by problems that have their roots in the difficulties of managing expertise. This chapter traces the emergence of software engineering, outlining its principles and procedures and providing a survey of the techniques (the methodological instrumentalities) employed in financial services. The limitations of these practices and the extent of their adoption are discussed, along with the ways in which organizations have tackled the problem of making software expertise more accountable and responsive to business needs. There was evidently a consensus that improved corporate involvement in IT decision-making, systems design, and project management was the key to making the IT function more responsive to business needs. The methodologies in use, however, typically attempted to address this issue by simply formalizing user involvement as a stage at the beginning of the traditional software life cycle.
The Dimensions of Expertise
Authors: Fincham Robin , Fleck James , Procter Rob , Scarbrough Harry , Tierney Margaret , Williams Robin 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis chapter discusses the political and economic aspects of expertise and expert knowledge. It explores how knowledge is acquired, distributed, and valued in the financial services sector. It addresses different kinds of non-formal knowledge. The knowledge needed to solve problems is often fragmented between specialist areas, and in many cases boundaries between expert groups have become institutionalized. This complicates the process of reformulating knowledge, and so this chapter considers power — the efforts of groups to claim central status for their knowledge holdings as well as the settings of unequal power within which rivalry occurs. In so far as knowledge is located outside a firm, the work of internal experts can be substituted by external experts, or by the supply of artefacts. Expertise is thus tradeable on labour and product markets, and rivalry between experts may take an economic form. The problems in establishing an appropriate price for technical labour are discussed and the problem of information technology professionals and their relations with general management are examined.
The ‘Declining Significance’ or the ‘Changing Forms’ of Patriarchy?
Authors: Walby Sylvia 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe concept of patriarchy may be attributed to a number of interpretations that involve different notions such as gender inequality, and a certain degree of systematicity that suggests how the various facets of gender relations may be in a way related. Although the issue of the significance of gender relations has increasingly being recognized by several scholars, and although such data is constantly changing, the data is still believed to be far from complete. Since making use of already existing concepts to interpret such changes proves to fall short, there is a need to adapt, modify, and create more concepts for appropriately addressing such issues on the macro-level. This chapter analyzes whether the incidences of patriarchy have been on a decline or are merely undergoing certain changes in its form.
From Agrarian Patriarchy to Patriarchal Capitalism: Gendered Capitalist Industrialization in Korea
Authors: Lie John 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAlong with several other parts of the world, Korea has experienced a shift from agrarian patriarchy to patriarchal capitalism. The chapter looks at areas where issues of ‘gender’are concerned, especially in situations of oppression within peripheral industrialization. The chapter attempts to provide a framework for examining the role of women in this transition. Gender is often associated with power relations and structures in agrarian patriarchy since women have limited access to participation in political organization and gaining gender consciousness. In contrast, gender presents threats of oppression in patriarchal capitalism because of divisions of labour that are determined by gender within households. This chapter studies how such situations result in the same dynamic that brings about gender emancipation through promoting bases for gender-based politics.
Gender Inequality and Women’s Wage Labour: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis
Authors: Safa Helen I. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
In a number of developing countries, specifically for those open economies in the Caribbean Basin, export-led industrialization has assumed a major role in various development strategies during the 1980s. To be able to reduce unemployment and to acquire enough resources through foreign exchange for their debt payments, many countries have resorted to participating in export-led industrialization measures. The US Agency for International Development (AID) has asserted that countries in the Caribbean and Latin American regions should utilize such measures to achieve ‘security through development’ and political stability through providing funds for training, constructing export processing zones, and exporting market information. This chapter looks into how export manufacturing has led to how economies of the Caribbean Basin have veered away from traditional exports and the impacts of such on gender subordination and women's wage labour.
The Value of Biodiversity
Authors: Ehrlich Paul R. , Ehrlich Anne H. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis chapter states that one of the most vexing problems facing ecologists and economists today is how to measure the value of environmental goods whose destruction generates vast externalities. Biodiversity, which is the variety of genetically distinct populations and species of plants, animals, and micro-organisms with which we share the earth, and the variety of ecosystems of which they are functioning parts, is a prime example of one of those goods. The chapter also discusses the ethical values of biodiversity, as they are often based on religious or quasi-religious feelings. The aesthetic values, direct economic values, and indirect economic values of biodiversity are also discussed in the chapter, as is the extinction epidemic and the economic value of biodiversity.
The Economic Uses of Utilitarianism
Authors: Mirrlees James A. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
This chapter discusses the total utility of the outcome, which is an argument related to the evaluation of some economists regarding alternative economic policies. One of the questions related to this argument is how much income should be redistributed from those with high wages and salaries to those with low wages. The chapter also includes an exercise, which aims to determine that the feasible redistributive system is able to bring the greatest total utility.
Population Policy and the Taxation of Family Size
Authors: Mirrlees James A. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
This chapter discusses population policy, mostly in terms of the natural policy for affecting population size: taxes and subsidies that are related to family size. The question that is addressed is: under what assumptions it is desirable to tax families for increasing their size? It is also noted in this chapter that despite being a difficult subject, people seem to have rather simple ideas about population.
National Labour Relations in Internationalized Markets
Authors: Traxler Franz , Blaschke Sabine , Kittel Bernhard 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe regulation of the labour market by industrial-relations institutions has been an important theme in sociology, political science, economics, and jurisprudence. What has particularly attracted attention from a comparative perspective is the astonishing variety of national labour-relations institutions. This variety, when confronted with persistent economic internationalisation raises two main questions. First, does internationalisation impose pressures for change and, more specifically, for convergence on institutions? If such pressures are at work, is there a superior model the national systems are converging on? Second, under economic internationalisation, cross-national differences in national arrangements may have an increasing impact on national economic performance. Hence the question is whether national labour-relations systems perform differently, and to what extent their performance has changed over time due to shifting circumstances. This book investigates these questions on the basis of a cross-national comparison, including comparable data from twenty OECD countries.
Environmental Regulations and Corporate Strategy
Authors: Rugman Alan , Soloway Julie , Kirton John 
Published: October 2011

AbstractFor many firms, the opening up of trade barriers meant unwelcome exposure to tough international competition. In order to protect themselves, many turned to local and national environmental regulations, forming coalitions which enabled them to force out their opponents, even though they were often contravening international environmental agreements in doing so. With the recent emergence of international trade and environment regimes wielding substantial powers, however, comes the opportunity for outward-facing and innovative firms to utilize these regimes and so challenge the discriminatory obstacles which have been becoming ever more common. This adherence to environmental regulations has promoted a broad array of corporate strategies; a fact most visible in North America, where firms are making use of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). This book develops a model of complex institutional responsiveness and demonstrates how this can guide firms through this new era of opportunities for international regulatory capture. Chapters apply the model within North America, identifying the implications for Europe and Asia. The research for the book is based on 300 confidential interviews with senior executives and officials in North American and European companies, national governments, and North American institutions, and it analyses twenty-four cases of firms who have either benefited or suffered from involvement with international institutions.
Environmental Institutions in Action: The CEC
Authors: Rugman Alan , Kirton John , Soloway Julie 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA separate environmental agreement, referred to as the North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation (NAAEC), along with the Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC), was significantly connected with and accompanied the NAFTA trade–environment regime. The approach that this agreement utilized in establishing an international trade–environment regime served as the model for future multilateral and regional trade-liberalization agreements. The CEC was granted with permissive and mandatory powers for enforcing environmental surveillance, trade–environment integration, and environmental cooperation. This led to the development of an institutional structure comprised of a Council, a regional Secretariat, a Joint Public Advisory Committee (JPAC), and other stakeholders such as environmental non-governmental organizations (ENGOs). The CEC had been able to facilitate trade, impose restrictions on national and subnational regulatory protectionism, and even advocate regulatory convergence. However, the CEC did not bring about significant effects on promoting the equality and integration of trade and environment communities.
The Rise of Knowledge Capital
Authors: Burton-Jones Alan 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Wealth and power are traditionally associated with the possession of various physical resources. Factors of production, materials, labour, and money are all physical in nature. We are now, however, experiencing a shift from a world largely dominated by physical resources to a world that values knowledge and intellectual resources. In a post-industrial society, goods are being replaced by services. This chapter illustrates the impact that the knowledge industry has on work and on jobs and defines knowledge, presents its key characteristics, and establishes the economic value of knowledge. The chapter also includes a discussion about the commercial application of information technology (IT), how it has evolved, and how trends in IT influence the growth and development of the knowledge industry.