bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indicateurs. Une expérience à travers trente ans de réforme de la santé au Québec
Authors: Nguyen Hung 
Published: July 2012

Se fondant sur une expérience personnelle de trente ans de réforme de santé au Québec, l'auteur retrace l'évolution parallèle du système de santé et des besoins d'indicateurs de gestion. Les besoins d'indicateurs, engendrant les besoins d'information, résultent principalement de deux dynamiques : celle du système administratif et celle du système de services. La difficulté de s'entendre sur les indicateurs clés de gestion reflète-t-elle, à tous les niveaux, un profond malaise dans la gestion du système de santé? Plusieurs expériences novatrices étant en cours, nous décrivons les types d'indicateurs qui peuvent être générés, sans oublier la spécificité des milieux ruraux. Le projet de capitation expérimenté dans la MRC rurale du Haut-Saint-Laurent requiert ainsi un ensemble d'indicateurs qui permet de gérer le système dans une perspective de santé globale.
Évaluation d’un programme d’implication parentale lors du placement du jeune en centre de réadaptation
Authors: Mireault Gilles , Beaudoin André , Paquet Gaétan , Champagne Élise 
Published: July 2012

Le présent article rend compte de l’évaluation d’un programme de réadaptation pour les jeunes placés au Centre jeunesse de Québec. Le programme « Transfert des acquis », instauré en 1996, propose de mobiliser, dès le début du placement, le jeune et ses parents dans une démarche d’apprentissage axée sur la résolution des problèmes vécus par la famille et sur le retour éventuel du jeune au sein de cette dernière. Les résultats de l’évaluation montrent que le principe d’impliquer les parents dans la démarche de réadaptation entraîne des changements positifs dans la perception du placement chez le jeune et chez les parents et concourt à augmenter les séjours du jeune dans sa famille au cours du placement. Le programme démontre qu’il est possible, avec le soutien approprié, de mobiliser les parents et le jeune et d’accélérer ainsi le retour de ce dernier dans la famille.
L’école privée et la démocratisation : sélection et processus
Authors: Béland Paul 
Published: July 2012

À l’aide des données du groupe de recherche A.S.O.P.E., nous tenterons d’évaluer l’à-propos de ces trois affirmations, à savoir :1) les écoles privées sont au service des enfants de strate sociale forte,2) elles drainent les meilleurs étudiants,3) elles les dirigent vers les études supérieures.4) elle est plus efficace que l’école publique.
L’éducation physique scolaire québécoise : une nouvelle mission sociale à découvrir
Authors: Demers Pierre J. 
Published: July 2012

L’auteur analyse la problématique de l’éducation physique québécoise. Pour ce faire, il critique la vision traditionnelle de cette discipline. Il fait ressortir le besoin de redéfinition de la mission sociale de l’éducateur physique. Celle-ci doit s’appuyer sur des objectifs nouveaux émanant d’une philosophie nouvelle.
Une triple mission sociale pourrait être adaptée pour réellement intégrer l’éducation physique dans la société. Des missions éducative, sanitaire et écologique sont développées. L’auteur retourne aux sources des concepts sous-jacents à ces trois volets. Ces solutions de rechange rendraient l’éducation physique socialement présente. Les éducateurs physiques sont-ils prêts pour une telle ouverture d’esprit?
Solar Technology
Authors: Luther Joachim , Nast Michael , Fisch M. Norbert , Christoffers Dirk , Pfisterer Fritz , Meissner Dieter , Nitsch Joachim , Becker Manfred 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe article contains sections titled:1.Introduction1.1.Concerning the Importance of Solar Energy Conversion1.2.Terrestrial Solar Radiation1.3.Methods of Solar Energy Conversion1.4.Matching of Solar Energy Production and Consumption2.Solar Thermal Energy2.1.Development and Historical Aspects2.2.Solar Thermal Energy Conversion2.3.Technical Utilization of Solar Energy2.3.1.Low‐Temperature Applications2.3.1.1.Design and Function of Flat Collectors2.3.1.2.Systems for Heating Water2.3.1.3.Systems for Room Heating2.3.1.4.Other Low‐Temperature Applications2.3.2.Medium‐Temperature and High‐Temperature Applications2.3.2.1.Solar Concentration2.3.2.2.Concepts for Solar Thermal Power Plants2.3.2.3.Development for Realization2.3.2.4.Solar Thermal Power Plants2.3.2.5.Future Plants and Potential2.3.2.6.Economic Aspects2.3.2.7.Process Heat for Chemical Applications3.Passive Utilization of Solar Energy3.1.Introduction3.2.Building Design3.2.1.Site Analysis3.2.2.Design3.2.3.Heat Conservation3.3.Elements of Passive Utilization3.3.1.Collection3.3.2.Storage and Distribution3.3.3.Shading and Cooling3.3.4.Daylight3.4.Performance of a Solar House4.Photovoltaic Systems4.1.Principle of Operation, PV Materials, and State‐of‐the‐Art Solar Cells4.2.General Structure of PV Systems4.3.Photovoltaic Generators4.3.1.Module Technology and Specifications4.3.2.Tracking and Concentration4.4.Power Conditioning Systems4.5.Storage4.6.Stand‐Alone PV Systems4.7.Grid‐Connected PV Systems4.8.Design Considerations and Modeling4.9.Operational Experience4.9.1.PV Module Performance4.9.2.PV System Efficiency, Annual Energy Output4.10.Economic Aspects, Market, Energy Payback, Prospects4.10.1.Stand‐Alone PV Systems4.10.2.Grid‐Connected PV Systems4.10.3.Energy Payback Time4.10.4.Multifunctional Use of PV Modules5.Photoelectrochemical Solar Energy Conversion5.1.Principles of Photoelectrochemical Solar Energy Conversion5.2.Dye‐Sensitized Photoelectrochemical Solar Cells5.3.Solar Wastewater Detoxification5.4.Direct Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting6.Economic Aspects
Surgical Materials
Authors: Hunt John A. , Chen Rui , Williams David , Bayon Yves 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis article contains sections titled:1.Introduction2.Surgical Applications of Materials2.1.General Principles2.2.Orthopedic Surgery2.2.1.Bone and Joint Replacement2.2.2.Ligament Augmentation and Repair2.2.3.Fracture Fixation2.3.Maxillofacial Surgery2.3.1.Dental Implants2.3.2.Maxillofacial and Orthognathic Surgery2.4.Cardiovascular Surgery2.4.1.Heart Valves2.4.2.Vascular Prostheses2.4.3.Cardiac Pacemakers2.4.4.Extracorporeal Circuits2.5.Ophthalmology2.5.1.Corneal Replacement2.5.2.Intraocular Lenses2.5.3.Contact Lenses2.5.4.Vitreoretinal Surgery2.6.Neurosurgery2.6.1.Nerve Repair and Regeneration2.6.2.Neuromodulation: Nerve Stimulators2.6.3.Treatment of Hearing Loss2.7.General Surgery2.7.1.Wound Closure and Artificial Skin2.7.2.Soft Tissue Reconstruction: Plastic Surgery2.7.3.Soft Tissue Repair: Hernia and Pelvic Floor Repair2.7.4.Surgery of the Urinary Tract2.8.Artificial Organs3.Criteria for Materials Selection3.1.Mechanical and Physical Properties3.1.1.Mechanical Performance3.1.2.Electrical and Optical Properties3.2.Manufacturing and Sterilization3.2.1.Constraints on Fabrication3.2.2.Market Analyses3.2.3.Legal and Regulatory Constraints3.2.4.Sterilization Techniques3.3.Biocompatibility3.3.1.General Principles3.3.2.Corrosion and Degradation3.3.3.Soft Tissue Biocompatibility3.3.4.Hard Tissue Biocompatibility3.3.5.Blood Compatibility3.3.6.Systemic Biocompatibility3.3.7.Genotoxicity and Carcinogenicity3.3.8.Bioactivity4.Materials4.1.Metals and Alloys4.2.Ceramics and Glasses4.3.Polymers4.4.Carbon4.5.Composites4.6.Surface Modifications and Coatings
Increasing Proportion of Clinical Trials Using Noninferiority End Points
Authors: Murthy Venkatesh L. , Desai Nihar R. , Vora Amit , Bhatt Deepak L. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis study was funded in part by grants from the National Institutes of Health (T32 HL094301‐01A1 and T32 HL007604‐27).Dr. Bhatt discloses the following relationships ‐ Advisory Board: Medscape Cardiology; Board of Directors: Boston VA Research Institute, Society of Chest Pain Centers; Chair: American Heart Association Get With The Guidelines Science Subcommittee; Honoraria: American College of Cardiology (Editor, Clinical Trials, Cardiosource), Duke Clinical Research Institute (clinical trial steering committees), Slack Publications (Chief Medical Editor, Cardiology Today Intervention), WebMD (CME steering committees); Research Grants: Amarin, AstraZeneca, Bristol‐Myers Squibb, Eisai, Ethicon, Medtronic, Sanofi Aventis, The Medicines Company; Unfunded Research: FlowCo, PLx Pharma, Takeda. Drs. Murthy and Desai have received consulting fees from Novo Nordisk.The authors have no other funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Precommercial forest thinning alters abundance but not survival of snowshoe hares
Authors: Abele Susan L. , Wirsing Aaron J. , Murray Dennis L. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAnthropogenic landscape modification is a major threat to global biodiversity and ecosystem integrity. Thus, land use practices that reconcile human needs with protection of species and ecological processes are of interest. Precommercial forest thinning (PCT) is a land use practice that is believed to be less ecologically disruptive than other silvicultural approaches (e.g., clear‐cutting). The impacts of PCT on wildlife populations are not well understood, however, and the effects of this practice on individual animals have not been rigorously examined. Accordingly, we investigated short‐term population and individual responses of snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) to PCT in western Oregon during 2001–2002. We live‐trapped hares (n = 143) seasonally and equipped them with mortality‐sensitive radio‐collars on 3 manipulated sites that were precommercially thinned and on 3 undisturbed controls. We also quantified the activity (movement rates) of all collared hares using an automated data‐logger. As a result, we were able to document the effects of PCT on hare abundance, individual survival, and daily movement. Thinning significantly reduced hare abundance relative to that on control sites, but had no effect on individual mortality or activity. We infer, therefore, that a portion of the hares on thinned sites dispersed to adjacent habitat, where they survived as well as conspecifics on both control and manipulated sites but were unavailable for subsequent capture. We conclude that PCT affects hare density in the short‐term (i.e., at least in the first few years post‐treatment) largely via altered behavior. Thus, if the immediate impacts of this practice on hare populations are to be minimized, thinned stands should be imbedded in a habitat matrix that facilitates the occupancy of individuals dispersing from disturbed patches. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Numerical investigation for shape controlling of ultrathin electron layer
Authors: Tan F. , Wu B. , Zhu B. , Han D. , Zhao Z.-Q. , Hong W. , Cao L.-F. , Gu Y.-Q. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractTo control the shape of the ultra-thin electron layer produced by directly interaction of ultrahigh contrast laser with ultra-thin foil target, we investigated the spacial distribution and temporal evolution of electron layers produced from single and double foil targets through two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. Results show that electron layers produced from double foil targets can fly with unperturbed velocity for a much longer time than in the single foil case, which can be explained by the integrated contribution of charge separation field from both the two foils. Further studies show that through adjusting the foil expansion, electron layers with different shapes can be obtained. Detailed studies on the forming process of layers show that electron momentum distribution evolves rapidly along with the pump laser and then the vanishing of electron transverse momentum induced by the reflected laser results in the forming of layer shape. So different foil expansion corresponds to different moments that reflected laser interact with electron layer, when the electron transverse momentum distribution is different. After the reflected laser interact with electron layer, the resultant longitude momentum distribution will finally lead to various electron layer shapes.
Transient fields produced by a cylindrical electron beam flowing through a plasma
Authors: Firpo Marie-Christine 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe out-of-equilibrium situation in which an initially sharp-edged cylindrical electron beam, that could, e.g., model electrons flowing within a wire, is injected into a plasma is considered. A detailed computation of the subsequently produced magnetic field is presented. The control parameter of the problem is shown to be the ratio of the beam radius to the electron skin depth. Two alternative ways to address analytically the problem are considered: one uses the usual Laplace transform approach, the other one involves Riemann's method in which causality conditions manifest through some integrals of triple products of Bessel functions.
Alcohol consumption and bone mineral density in elderly women
Authors: Sommer Isolde , Erkkilä Arja T , Järvinen Ritva , Mursu Jaakko , Sirola Joonas , Jurvelin Jukka S , Kröger Heikki , Tuppurainen Marjo 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjectiveFindings regarding alcohol consumption and bone mineral density (BMD) in elderly women have been inconsistent. The objective of the present study was to explore the association of alcohol intake with BMD in elderly women.DesignThis cohort study included women from the population-based Kuopio Osteoporosis Risk Factor and Prevention – Fracture Prevention Study (OSTPRE-FPS). Alcohol intake and potential confounders were assessed at baseline and after 3 years of follow-up using a lifestyle questionnaire. In addition, an FFQ was distributed in the third year to measure dietary intake, including alcohol. Women underwent BMD measurements at the femoral neck and lumbar spine at baseline and after 3 years of follow-up.SettingKuopio Province, Finland.SubjectsThree hundred elderly women (mean age 67·8 years) who provided both BMD measurements and FFQ data.ResultsAlcohol consumption estimated from the FFQ and lifestyle questionnaire was significantly associated with BMD at both measurement sites after adjustment for potential confounders, including lifestyle and dietary factors (P < 0·05). Using the FFQ, women drinking >3 alcoholic drinks/week had significantly higher BMD than abstainers, 12·0 % at the femoral neck and 9·2 % at the lumbar spine. Results based on the lifestyle questionnaire showed higher BMD values for all alcohol-consuming women at the femoral neck and for women drinking 1–3 alcoholic beverages/week at the lumbar spine, compared with non-users.ConclusionsThe results from OSTPRE-FPS suggest that low to moderate alcohol intake may exert protective effects on bone health in elderly women.
Mass-analyzed threshold ionization of an excited state of lanthanum dioxide
Authors: Wu Lu , Liu Yang , Zhang Changhua , Li Shenggang , Dixon David A. , Yang Dong-Sheng 
Published: July 2012

LaO2 was produced in a pulsed laser-vaporization molecular beam source and studied by mass-analyzed threshold ionization (MATI) spectroscopy and ab initio electronic structure calculations. The calculations included density functional theory, second-order perturbation theory, coupled cluster theory, and complete active space self-consistent field methods. The adiabatic ionization energy of the molecule and vibrational frequencies of the molecule and its cation were measured accurately for the first time from the MATI spectrum. Numerous ionization processes of lanthanum dioxide, peroxide, and superoxide were considered; the 3B2 ← 4B2 electronic transition of the dioxide was assigned upon comparison with the observed spectrum. The ionization energy and O-La-O bending frequency of the 4B2 neutral state are 4.9760 (6) eV and 92 cm−1, respectively. The La-O stretching and O-La-O bending frequencies of the 3B2 cationic state are 656 and 122 cm−1, respectively. The 4B2 state is formed by two electron transfer from lanthanum to oxygen atoms, and the 3B2 state is produced by the further removal of a lanthanum 6s-based electron.
Are there multiple memory systems? Tests of models of implicit and explicit memory
Authors: Shanks David R. , Berry Christopher J. 
Published: July 2012

[Formula: see text] This article reviews recent work aimed at developing a new framework, based on signal detection theory, for understanding the relationship between explicit (e.g., recognition) and implicit (e.g., priming) memory. Within this framework, different assumptions about sources of memorial evidence can be framed. Application to experimental results provides robust evidence for a single-system model in preference to multiple-systems models. This evidence comes from several sources including studies of the effects of amnesia and ageing on explicit and implicit memory. The framework allows a range of concepts in current memory research, such as familiarity, recollection, fluency, and source memory, to be linked to implicit memory. More generally, this work emphasizes the value of modern computational modelling techniques in the study of learning and memory.
A Standardized Terminology for Describing Reproductive Development in Fishes
Authors: Brown-Peterson Nancy J. , Wyanski David M. , Saborido-Rey Fran , Macewicz Beverly J. , Lowerre-Barbieri Susan K. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
As the number of fish reproduction studies has proliferated, so has the number of gonadal classification schemes and terms. This has made it difficult for both scientists and resource managers to communicate and for comparisons to be made among studies. We propose the adoption of a simple, universal terminology for the phases in the reproductive cycle, which can be applied to all male and female elasmobranch and teleost fishes. These phases were chosen because they define key milestones in the reproductive cycle; the phases include immature, developing, spawning capable, regressing, and regenerating. Although the temporal sequence of events during gamete development in each phase may vary among species, each phase has specific histological and physiological markers and is conceptually universal. The immature phase can occur only once. The developing phase signals entry into the gonadotropin-dependent stage of oogenesis and spermatogenesis and ultimately results in gonadal growth. The spawning capable phase includes (1) those fish with gamete development that is sufficiently advanced to allow for spawning within the current reproductive cycle and (2) batch-spawning females that show signs of previous spawns (i.e., postovulatory follicle complex) and that are also capable of additional spawns during the current cycle. Within the spawning capable phase, an actively spawning subphase is defined that corresponds to hydration and ovulation in females and spermiation in males. The regressing phase indicates completion of the reproductive cycle and, for many fish, completion of the spawning season. Fish in the regenerating phase are sexually mature but reproductively inactive. Species-specific histological criteria or classes can be incorporated within each of the universal phases, allowing for more specific divisions (subphases) while preserving the overall reproductive terminology for comparative purposes. This terminology can easily be modified for fishes with alternate reproductive strategies, such as hermaphrodites (addition of a transition phase) and livebearers (addition of a gestation phase).
The Use of Hepatic and Somatic Indices and Histological Information to Characterize the Reproductive Dynamics of Atlantic Sardine Sardina pilchardus from the Portuguese Coast
Authors: Nunes Cristina , Silva Alexandra , Soares Eduardo , Ganias Konstantinos 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Samples of Atlantic sardine Sardina pilchardus (also known as European pilchard) were collected bimonthly from 2004 to 2008 off the central west coast of Portugal to describe the reproductive activity of this indeterminate batch-spawning species; compare the seasonality of somatic growth, condition, and feeding; and evaluate differences between sexes. Monthly assessments of individual biological information for both males and females were complemented by histological analysis of ovaries during 1 year and liver tissues (both sexes) at different times of the reproductive cycle. The temporal patterns of the gonadosomatic index and various histological indices (most advanced oocyte stage, atresia incidence and prevalence, and spawning activity) indicated that Atlantic sardine were reproductively active mainly from October to March and that residual activity occurred in the remaining months. For both sexes, condition indices (hepatosomatic index, relative weight, and amount of fat stored) increased mainly during spring, reached a maximum at the end of summer just before the subsequent spawning season began, and then decreased during autumn and winter, declining to minimum levels at the beginning of spring coincident with a significant reduction in reproductive activity. Somatic growth took place mainly during spring and early summer for both sexes. The observed seasonal patterns in these biological properties suggest a seasonal transition from a period in which energy resources are allocated to reproduction (autumn and winter) to a period in which resources are allocated to growth and fat deposition (spring and summer). The only exception was the distinct hepatosomatic index pattern and the histological differences in hepatocytes between males and females during the spawning season, which may be related to the dual function of the liver in females (lipid metabolism and yolk precursor synthesis).
Skipped Spawning in Fishes: More Common than You Might Think
Authors: Rideout Rick M. , Tomkiewicz Jonna 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
The traditional view of iteroparity in fishes is one of an annual reproductive cycle that culminates each year in spawning. More recently, a more flexible view of fish reproduction has been adopted, including the potential for mature fish to skip spawning. Here, we review the abundance of recent research on skipped spawning, covering a broad range of fishes with diverse life history strategies. Evidence for skipped spawning has been collected by use of traditional histological techniques as well as modern technological advances, such as satellite tags and the ability to track fish movements based on elemental and isotope signatures. Skipped spawning is most commonly attributed to deficient diet and poor nutritional condition. Advances made in this field of study in recent years include descriptions of hormonal changes that precede and perhaps initiate skipped spawning, the development of life history models that incorporate the potential for skipped spawning, and estimates of the degree to which skipped spawning influences the reproductive potential of fish populations. In addition to summarizing this new research, we attempt to advance current knowledge by (1) providing the first review discussion of skipped spawning in males, (2) exploring skipped spawning in anadromous fishes by using the Atlantic salmon Salmo salar as an example, and (3) discussing the potential for and difficulties in identifying skipped spawning in species with indeterminate fecundity.
Variations in Growth of Tautog in Nursery Areas in Narragansett Bay and Rhode Island Coastal Ponds
Authors: Mateo Ivan , Durbin Edward G. , Bengtson David A. , Durant Daisy 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
In the present study, the growth of juvenile tautogs Tautoga onitis in Narragansett Bay (Gaspee Point, Mount Hope Bay, and Rose Island) and Rhode Island coastal ponds (Point Judith and Charleston ponds) was evaluated by means of otolith microstructure. The widths of the daily increments in otoliths in the region that represents the postsettlement period (20–50 d) of tautogs collected in two separate years were compared among these stations. Significant differences were found in the growth trajectories within stations between years as well as among stations in each year. This study demonstrates that there can be significant variability in short-term growth for juvenile tautogs within and among estuaries. This variability may change from year to year, potentially affecting the interpretation of growth. A better understanding of the conditions affecting single factors of tautog production, such as growth over several years, may enable researchers to successfully characterize fish nursery value.