bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute toxicity of two CdSe/ZnSe quantum dots with different surface coating in Daphnia magna under various light conditions
Authors: Lee Jiyoun , Ji Kyunghee , Kim Jungkon , Park Chansik , Lim Kook Hee , Yoon Tae Hyun , Choi Kyungho 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWith an increasing use of quantum dots (QDs) in many applications, their potential hazard is of growing concern. However, little is known about their ecotoxicity, especially in vivo. In the present study, we employed freshwater macroinvertebrate, Daphnia magna, to evaluate toxicity characteristics of cadmium selenide/zinc selenide (CdSe/ZnSe) in relation to surface coatings, e.g., mercaptopropionic acid QD (MPAQD), and gum arabic/tri‐n‐octylphosphine oxide QD (GA/TOPOQD), and light conditions, i.e., dark, fluorescent light, environmental level of ultraviolet (UV) light, and sunlight. The results of the present study showed that D. magna was more susceptible to GA/TOPOQD exposure compared to MPAQD. The surface coating of QD appeared to determine the stability of QDs and hence the toxicity, potentially by size change of or the release of toxic components from QDs. However, GA/TOPOQD was still less toxic than the equivalent level of CdCl2. The toxicity of all the tested compounds increased by changing the light condition from dark to white fluorescence to UV‐B light, and to natural sunlight. The effect of light condition on QDs toxicity could also be explained by photostability of the QDs, which would affect size of the particle, release of toxic component ions, and generation of reactive oxygen species. Considering increasing use of QDs in various applications, their environmental fates and corresponding toxic potentials deserve further investigation. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 25: 593–600, 2010.
Two Polynuclear CdII Complexes Containing Different Water Clusters
Authors: Han Guang‐Xi , Ji Jian‐Wei , Ma Yi , Han Zheng‐Bo 
Published: July 2009

AbstractTwo polynuclear complexes, [Cd4(pydc)4(TATP)4(H2O)2]·12H2O (1) and [Cd3(pydc)3(bpy)3(H2O)2]·9H2O (2) (pydc = pyridine‐2,6‐dicarboxylate, TATP = 1,4,8,9‐tetranitrogen‐trisphene, bpy = 2,2′‐bipyridine), were synthesized from hydrothermal reactions of Cd(NO3)2·6H2O, H2pydc with TATP or bpy under base conditions. All CdII atoms are heptacoordinate in severely distorted pentagonal‐bipyramidal arrangements. The pydc ligands coordinate in diverging modes, which causes different cluster numbers for the two complexes. The most interesting feature in the two complexes is that there exist water clusters in the host voids.
Local adaptations of larvae of the butterfly Pieris napi to physical and physiological traits of two Arabis plants (Cruciferae)
Authors: Ohata Masaaki , Furumoto Atsuko , Ohsaki Naota 
Published: July 2009

AbstractHerbivorous insects are expected to adapt to the defensive traits of local host plants. Using two closely related plants, we showed that herbivorous insects of the same species vary their adaptations according to the different traits of each of their local host plants. The leaves of the cruciferous plant Arabis flagellosa are tougher and more difficult to digest for larvae of the butterfly Pieris napi than are A. gemmifera leaves. When given A. flagellosa leaves, hatchlings from A. flagellosa fed on and ingested the leaves faster than those from A. gemmifera. Although the C/N ratios of both Arabis plants were very similar, A. gemmifera leaves were of lower intrinsic quality for larval development and were more difficult to convert to biomass than were A. flagellosa leaves. However, when A. gemmifera leaves were given, P. napi larvae originating from A. gemmifera had higher survival rates and shorter development times than did larvae originating from A. flagellosa. In addition, larvae from A. gemmifera were better able to convert leaves than were larvae from A. flagellosa. These results suggest that A. flagellosa leaves are more physically but less physiologically defended, whereas the reverse is true of A. gemmifera, and suggest that P. napi larvae adapt to the defensive traits of local host plants.
Moral identity and psychological distance: The case of adolescent parental socialization
Authors: Hardy Sam A. , Bhattacharjee Amit , Reed Americus , Aquino Karl 
Published: July 2009

ABSTRACTA mediation model using a sample of 1059 adolescents (56% girls; M age = 16.02, SD = 1.37) tested relations between parenting, adolescent moral identity, and the formation of psychological distance towards others. In short, adolescent moral identity mediated relations between parenting and the ways in which adolescents oriented others in their psychological space. Specifically, adolescent‐report parenting style dimensions (responsiveness, autonomy‐granting, and demandingness) were positively related to the formation of both private and public moral identity dimensions (internalization and symbolization), which were in turn associated with a tendency to construct psychological distance towards others (negatively with social dominance orientation and positively with the circle of moral regard). Therefore, one way parents may be able to influence how adolescents relate to their peers is by fostering a sense of moral identity in their children through authoritative parenting.
What parents don't know and how it may affect their children: Qualifying the disclosure–adjustment link
Authors: Frijns Tom , Keijsers Loes , Branje Susan , Meeus Wim 
Published: July 2009

ABSTRACTRecent research has identified adolescent disclosure to parents as a powerful predictor of adolescent adjustment. We propose, however, that the common operationalization of adolescent disclosure incorporates the two separate constructs of disclosure and secrecy, and predicted that the disclosure–adjustment link can largely be explained by the unique contribution of secrecy from parents. A four‐wave survey study among 309 adolescents tested these predictions. Factor analyses confirmed that disclosure and secrecy should be distinguished as two separate constructs. Moreover, in cross‐lagged path analyses, only secrecy was a longitudinal predictor of adolescent internalizing (i.e., depression) and externalizing (i.e., delinquency) problems, disclosure was not. Secrecy consistently contributed to the longitudinal prediction of delinquency from early to middle adolescence, whereas it contributed to the prediction of depression only in early adolescence. Findings thus attest the importance of distinguishing between disclosure and secrecy and suggest that the disclosure–adjustment link may actually reflect a secrecy‐maladjustment link.
ECT practice and psychiatrists’ attitudes towards ECT in the Chuvash Republic of the Russian Federation
Authors: Golenkov A. , Ungvari G.S. , Gazdag G. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe practice of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and the attitudes of psychiatrists towards ECT in the Chuvash Republic are described. A significant proportion of Chuvash psychiatrists had a patchy knowledge about ECT and held negative attitudes towards the treatment. Enhancing the knowledge about ECT and changing negative attitudes will require persistent educational efforts.
THE DECAY OF THE WALSH COEFFICIENTS OF SMOOTH FUNCTIONS
Authors: DICK JOSEF 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe give upper bounds on the Walsh coefficients of functions for which the derivative of order at least one has bounded variation of fractional order. Further, we also consider the Walsh coefficients of functions in periodic and nonperiodic reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces. A lower bound which shows that our results are best possible is also shown.
ELEMENTARY PROOFS OF PARITY RESULTS FOR 5-REGULAR PARTITIONS
Authors: HIRSCHHORN MICHAEL D. , SELLERS JAMES A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn a recent paper, Calkin et al. [N. Calkin, N. Drake, K. James, S. Law, P. Lee, D. Penniston and J. Radder, ‘Divisibility properties of the 5-regular and 13-regular partition functions’, Integers8 (2008), #A60] used the theory of modular forms to examine 5-regular partitions modulo 2 and 13-regular partitions modulo 2 and 3; they obtained and conjectured various results. In this note, we use nothing more than Jacobi’s triple product identity to obtain results for 5-regular partitions that are stronger than those obtained by Calkin and his collaborators. We find infinitely many Ramanujan-type congruences for b5(n), and we prove the striking result that the number of 5-regular partitions of the number n is even for at least 75% of the positive integers n.
THE FILLED INELASTIC MEMBRANE: A SET OF CHALLENGING PROBLEMS IN THE CALCULUS OF VARIATIONS
Authors: DEAKIN MICHAEL A. B. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn a wide variety of related problems, a flexible but inextensible membrane is filled to capacity with incompressible fluid. In all such cases, the resulting shape satisfies a set of three simultaneous partial differential equations. At present there are no known solutions of any generality, and the main aim of this paper is to formulate the partial differential equations with a view to stimulating further interest in this important class of problems.
Synergy between chemical and biological control in the IPM of currant-lettuce aphid (Nasonovia ribisnigri) in Canterbury, New Zealand
Authors: Fagan L.L. , McLachlan A. , Till C.M. , Walker M.K. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractField trials were conducted at four Canterbury, New Zealand locations in 2005–06 to determine if the synergistic effects of biological control by natural enemies and standard drenching techniques controlled lettuce aphid populations throughout the entire growing season. Chemical usage significantly lowered aphid densities in the outer, wrapper and heart leaves compared to control plants at most times. However, in mid-summer, natural enemies, such as the brown lacewing (Micromus tasmaniae), 11-spotted ladybird beetle (Coccinella undecimpunctata) and small hoverfly larvae (Melanostoma fasciatum), were more than sufficient to control lettuce aphids without the use of insecticides. Drenching, in addition to natural enemy attack, appears to be required in early spring and late summer to maintain very low levels of lettuce aphid. Given the potential for imidacloprid resistance to develop, it may be advisable to restrict drenches to these key periods in order to allow populations of natural enemies to maintain control of prey populations. We recommend industry support the validation of action thresholds across different regions within New Zealand and focus on the seasonal biology of predators to assist growers with the sustainable long-term control of lettuce aphids. The inclusion of additional data into an economic model to compare pest damage with predator loading would be useful for growers in managing aphid problems. These results will assist in the continued improvement and development of a sustainable IPM strategy for lettuce aphids in New Zealand and elsewhere.
Ecostratigraphical interpretation of lower Middle Ordovician East Baltic sections based on brachiopods
Authors: RASMUSSEN CHRISTIAN M. Ø. , NIELSEN ARNE T. , HARPER DAVID A. T. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA detailed ecostratigraphical framework is established for the lower Middle Ordovician Kundan regional stage of the East Baltic area corresponding to theAsaphus expansus,A. ranicepsandA. eichwalditrilobite zones (lower Darriwilian). The study is based on approximately 6200 brachiopods collected bed by bed from limestone sections in northern Estonia (Harku Trench and Saka) and western Russia (Putilovo Quarry, Lava River canyon and Lynna River valley) with, in addition, the first detailed systematic assessment of the Kundan brachiopods of the East Baltic. These sections represent an oblique depth transect some 400 kilometres long, deepening eastwards. Five biofacies associations have been recognized using detrended correspondence and cluster analyses: a shallow-waterLycophoriaassociation, a transitionalGonambonitesassociation and two deeper-water associations, the soft-substrateOrthis callactisand the hard-substrateOrthambonitesassociations. A separate, fifth soft-substrate association is present in the marl beds at the main locality of Putilovo Quarry. The associations reflect a combination of palaeo-water depth and substrate. The biofacies facilitate an ecostratigraphical correlation along the transect, and third and fourth order sea-level curves are reconstructed, reflecting mainly eustasy. The sea-level was relatively low, early in the Kundan, but then rose significantly into theA. ranicepsBiozone. This corroborates the recent discovery of possible small early Darriwilian ice caps on Gondwana.
First finds of problematic Ediacaran fossilGaojiashaniain Siberia and its origin
Authors: ZHURAVLEV ANDREY YU. , VINTANED JOSÉ ANTONIO GÁMEZ , IVANTSOV ANDREY YU. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe describe the first occurrence of the problematic fossilGaojiashaniaoutside China, in the Ediacaran Yudoma Group of the Siberian Platform. In both areas,Gaojiashaniacharacterizes the lower upper Ediacaran strata and precedes the appearance ofCloudinaand other skeletal fossils, which highlights its significance for the Ediacaran subdivision and correlation. Features of this fossil such as indeterminate length, the absence of a distinct growth pattern, and self-avoiding behaviour indicate its trace fossil origin but do not necessarily imply metazoan affinities for its producers. Several organisms including stem-group social amoebozoans and unicellular protists may have been Proterozoic trace fossil producers.
Term Structure, Inflation, and Real Activity
Authors: Berardi Andrea 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis paper estimates an internally consistent structural model that imposes cross-sectional restrictions on the dynamics of the term structure of interest rates, inflation, and output growth. Distinct from previous term structure settings, this model introduces both time-varying central tendencies and a stochastic conditional mean of output growth. The estimation of the model, which is based on U.S. data over a 1960 to 2005 sample period, provides reliable estimates for the implicit term structures of real interest rates, expected inflation rates, and inflation risk premia, as well as for expectations of macroeconomic variables. The model has better out-of-sample forecasting properties than a number of alternative models, and it contradicts the puzzling evidence that during the “Great Moderation” in inflation subsequent to the mid-1980s, the forecasting ability of structural models deteriorated with respect to atheoretic statistical models.
Duddingtonia flagrans,Monacrosporium thaumasiumandPochonia chlamydosporiaas possible biological control agentsof Oxyuris equiandAustroxyuris finlaysoni
Authors: Braga F.R. , Araújo J.V. , Silva A.R. , Araujo J.M. , Carvalho R.O. , Campos A.K. , Tavela A.O. , Ferreira S.R. , Frassy L.N. , Alves C.D.F. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe action of four fungal isolates of the speciesDuddingtonia flagrans(AC001),Monacrosporium thaumasium(NF34a) andPochonia chlamydosporia(VC1 and VC4) on eggs ofOxyuris equiandAustroxyuris finlaysoniwas evaluated in two assays (A and B). Eggs ofO. equi(Test A) andA. finlaysoni(Test B) were plated on Petri dishes with 2% water-agar with grown fungal isolates and control without fungus. After 5, 10 and 15 days, 100 eggs were collected and classified according to the following parameters: type 1 effect, physiological and biochemical effect without morphological damage to the eggshell; type 2 effect, lytic effect with morphological alteration of the eggshell and embryo; and type 3 effect, lytic effect with morphological alteration of the eggshell and embryo, hyphal penetration and internal egg colonization.Pochonia chlamydosporiaisolates VC1 and VC4 showed ovicidal activity for type 1, 2 and 3 effects on eggs ofO. equiand eggs ofA. finlaysoni.In vitroassays A and B showed thatP. chlamydosporiahad a negative influence on eggs ofO. equiandA. finlaysoniand can be considered as a potential biological control agent of nematodes.
Schistosoma kisumuensisn. sp. (Digenea: Schistosomatidae) from murid rodents in the Lake Victoria Basin, Kenya and its phylogenetic position within theS. haematobiumspecies group
Authors: HANELT B. , BRANT S. V. , STEINAUER M. L. , MAINA G. M. , KINUTHIA J. M. , AGOLA L. E. , MWANGI I. N. , MUNGAI B. N. , MUTUKU M. W. , MKOJI G. M. , LOKER E. S. 
Published: July 2009

SUMMARYSchistosoma kisumuensisn. sp. is described based on 6 adult males and 2 adult females collected from the circulatory system of 3 murid rodent species,Pelomys isseli, Mastomys natalensis, andDasymys incomtus. Specimens were collected from a single location, Nyabera Swamp, in Kisumu, Kenya in the Lake Victoria Basin. This new species is morphologically similar to members of theS. haematobiumgroup, currently represented by 8 species parasitizing artiodactyls and primates, including humans.Schistosoma kisumuensisdiffers from these species by producing relatively smallSchistosoma intercalatum-like eggs (135·2×52·9 μm) with a relatively small length to width ratio (2·55). Comparison of approximately 3000-base-pair sequences of nuclear rDNA (partial 28S) and mtDNA (partialcox1,nad6, 12S) strongly supports the status ofS. kisumuensisas a new species and as a sister species ofS. intercalatum. Thecox1 genetic distance between these two species (6·3%) is comparable to other pairwise comparisons within theS. haematobiumgroup. Separation of the Congo River and Lake Victoria drainage basins is discussed as a possible factor favoring the origin of this species.
The effect of COMT, BDNF, 5-HTT, NRG1 and DTNBP1 genes on hippocampal and lateral ventricular volume in psychosis
Authors: Dutt A. , McDonald C. , Dempster E. , Prata D. , Shaikh M. , Williams I. , Schulze K. , Marshall N. , Walshe M. , Allin M. , Collier D. , Murray R. , Bramon E. 
Published: July 2009

BackgroundMorphometric endophenotypes which have been proposed for psychotic disorders include lateral ventricular enlargement and hippocampal volume reductions. Genetic epidemiological studies support an overlap between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and COMT, BDNF, 5-HTT, NRG1 and DTNBP1 genes have been implicated in the aetiology of both these disorders. This study examined associations between these candidate genes and morphometric endophenotypes for psychosis.MethodA total of 383 subjects (128 patients with psychosis, 194 of their unaffected relatives and 61 healthy controls) from the Maudsley Family Psychosis Study underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging and genotyping. The effect of candidate genes on brain morphometry was examined using linear regression models adjusting for clinical group, age, sex and correlations between members of the same family.ResultsThe results showed no evidence of association between variation in COMT genotype and lateral ventricular, and left or right hippocampal volumes. Neither was there any effect of the BDNF, 5-HTTLPR, NRG1 and DTNBP1 genotypes on these regional brain volumes.ConclusionsAbnormal hippocampal and lateral ventricular volumes are among the most replicated endophenotypes for psychosis; however, the influences of COMT, BDNF, 5-HTT, NRG1 and DTNBP1 genes on these key brain regions must be very subtle if at all present.
Inhibition of thoughts and actions in obsessive-compulsive disorder: extending the endophenotype?
Authors: Morein-Zamir S. , Fineberg N. A. , Robbins T. W. , Sahakian B. J. 
Published: July 2009

BackgroundObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been associated with impairments in stop-signal inhibition, a measure of motor response suppression. The study used a novel paradigm to examine both thought suppression and response inhibition in OCD, where the modulatory effects of stimuli relevant to OCD could also be assessed. Additionally, the study compared inhibitory impairments in OCD patients with and without co-morbid depression, as depression is the major co-morbidity of OCD.MethodVolitional response suppression and unintentional thought suppression to emotive and neutral stimuli were examined using a novel thought stop-signal task. The thought stop-signal task was administered to non-depressed OCD patients, depressed OCD patients and healthy controls (n=20 per group).ResultsMotor inhibition impairments were evident in OCD patients, while motor response performance did not differ between patients and controls. Switching to a new response but not motor inhibition was affected by stimulus relevance in OCD patients. Additionally, unintentional thought suppression as measured by repetition priming was intact. OCD patients with and without depression did not differ on any task performance measures, though there were significant differences in all self-reported measures.ConclusionsResults support motor inhibition deficits in OCD that remain stable regardless of stimulus meaning or co-morbid depression. Only switching to a new response was influenced by stimulus meaning. When response inhibition was successful in OCD patients, so was the unintentional suppression of the accompanying thought.
Randomized trial of reattribution on psychosocial talk between doctors and patients with medically unexplained symptoms
Authors: Morriss R. , Gask L. , Dowrick C. , Dunn G. , Peters S. , Ring A. , Davies J. , Salmon P. 
Published: July 2009

BackgroundIn reattribution, general practitioners (GPs) request psychosocial information directly and explain medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) using psychosocial information in the consultation. We explored whether reattribution training (RT) increased the communication of psychosocial information and decreased communication about somatic intervention between GPs and their MUS patients.MethodA cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) of RT versus usual treatment in GPs from 16 practices and 141 patients with MUS on audio-recorded and transcribed doctor–patient communication in an index consultation. In a secondary data analysis, the Liverpool Clinical Interaction Analysis Scheme (LCIAS) was applied by an experienced rater to each turn of speech in the transcript from the index consultation blind to treatment allocation.ResultsAfter RT, patients were more likely to disclose and discuss psychosocial problems, and propose psychosocial explanations for symptoms; around 25% of patients discussed psychosocial information extensively. In the RT group, GPs did not seek new psychosocial disclosure but they reduced advocacy for somatic intervention. After RT, GPs suggested, on average, two utterances of psychosocial explanation and six utterances of somatic intervention.ConclusionsAfter RT, some patients discussed psychosocial issues extensively but GPs did not probe underlying psychosocial issues. They gave mixed psychosocial and somatic messages about MUS, which may have increased patients' concerns about their health. GPs should actively seek the disclosure of underlying psychosocial problems and give clear, unambiguous messages to MUS patients when they are willing to discuss psychosocial issues.
Segmental distribution patterns of English infant- and adult-directed speech
Authors: LEE SUE ANN S. , DAVIS BARBARA L. 
Published: July 2009

ABSTRACTThis study compared segmental distribution patterns for consonants and vowels in English infant-directed speech (IDS) and adult-directed speech (ADS). A previous study of Korean indicated that segmental patterns of IDS differed from ADS patterns (Lee, Davis & MacNeilage, 2008). The aim of the current study was to determine whether such differences in Korean are universal or language-specific. Results indicate that consonant distribution patterns of English IDS were significantly different from English ADS. Speakers who used IDS produced fewer fricatives, affricates, nasals and liquids, but more stops and glides, than speakers who used ADS. In terms of vowels, IDS speakers produced more high-back vowels /u Ʊ/ and /ɔI/ diphthongs than ADS speakers. These results indicate both general trends and language-specific segmental distribution patterns in IDS. When compared to previous findings on ADS and IDS in Korean, these results for English give support to a more general assertion that segmental distribution patterns in IDS seem to be mediated by linguistic and cultural factors across languages.