bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementing video conferencing in mental health practice
Authors: DE WEGER E. , MACINNES D. , ENSER J. , FRANCIS S. J. , JONES F. W. 
Published: July 2012

Accessible summary
In this paper we review past research that suggests video conferencing (VC) can be successfully used in a number of ways in mental health services. These ways include holding staff meetings remotely, conducting assessment and treatment when it is not easy for the clinician and service user to be at the same location, and running staff training remotely.
We also present some guidance regarding issues to be considered when introducing VC into mental health settings, such as the importance of staff and service user consultation, the necessity for training in VC and advice about how to conduct meetings by VC.
Beginning to use VC can represent a significant cultural change for staff and service users. We hope that this paper will provide a useful summary of things that may help support this change.
AbstractThe aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the evidence base regarding the use of video conferencing (VC), implementation issues, policies, procedures, technical requirements and VC etiquette. The paper is based on a literature review of VC within the mental health sector and the authors' experience in implementing VC. Six themes emerged from the literature review: applications of VC, VC assessments, treatment, training and supervision, practitioner anxiety, and VC administrative processes. The results of the review support the use of VC in mental health services. Guidelines for the implementation of VC are discussed, including the importance of staff and service user consultations, training in the use of VC, clear guidance for staff with regards to usage, confidentiality and data protection policies, and VC etiquette. Challenges that can arise when implementing VC in a mental health context are also discussed. Arguably, it is not the technology, but the cultural change it represents to staff which seems to be the most important factor regarding successful implementation.
The flickering genes of the last mammoths
Authors: THOMAS M. G. 
Published: July 2012

Woolly mammoths, Mammuthus primigenius, are arguably the most iconic of the extinct Pleistocene megafauna, and an abundance of large permafrost‐embedded bone and ivory material (Fig. 1) means they were also among the first to yield credible DNA sequences (Hagelberg et al. 1994; Hoss et al. 1994). Despite mammoth remains being numerous throughout northern Eurasia and North America, both the earliest and most recent fossils are found in northeast Siberia, with the last known population being confined to Wrangel Island in the Arctic Ocean from around 10,000 years ago until their extinction around 4,000 years ago. The extent to which these Holocene mammoths were descended from the Pleistocene populations of Wrangel Island and the demographic nature of their terminal decline have, until now, remained something of a mystery. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Nyström et al. (2012) report the first use of autosomal variation to track the decline of the last mammoths and, in doing so, take a significant step towards resolving these questions. The authors genotyped four microsatellite loci in 59 Pleistocene and Holocene mammoths from Wrangel Island and Chukotka in mainland northeastern Siberia and showed that while the Pleistocene‐to‐Holocene transition is associated with a significant reduction in genetic diversity, subsequent levels of variation remain constant until extinction. Such a pattern is somewhat surprising as it indicates that while the last mammoths were confined to only a few Arctic islands, their final extinction on Wrangel Island was not a gradual process resulting from loss of genetic diversity/inbreeding. Instead, it seems they maintained a viable effective population size of around 500 until near their presumably rapid extinction. While the ultimate agent of mammoth extinction remains unknown, the work of Nyström et al. (2012). suggests that we should be looking for something sudden, like a rapid change in climate/ecology or perhaps the arrival of humans. Sergey Vartanyan during field collection, holding a woolly mammoth tusk found along a river embankment in northeast Siberia (photographer: Diana Solovyeva).image
Prognostic yield of esophageal manometry in chronic intestinal pseudo‐obstruction: a retrospective cohort of 116 adult patients
Authors: AMIOT A. , JOLY F. , CAZALS‐HATEM D. , MERROUCHE M. , JOUET P. , COFFIN B. , BOUHNIK Y. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackground  Chronic intestinal pseudo‐obstruction (CIPO) refers to a wide and heterogeneous group of neuromuscular disorders, which classically involve the small intestine. However, further investigation is required to determine if motility disturbances involve all parts of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.Methods  Medical records and follow‐up examinations of 116 adult CIPO patients [70F, median age 28 (0–79) years] were reviewed and performed at our institution since 1980. Manometry (esophageal, small bowel and anorectal) and gastric emptying scintigraphy reports were retrieved and analyzed. Survival, home parenteral nutrition requirement, and the inability to maintain sufficient oral feeding was analyzed using univariate and multivariate analysis.Key Results  The median follow‐up time was 6 (0.1–30) years. In all, 90% of patients who underwent at least one motility test, with the exception of small bowel manometry, exhibited at least one abnormal pattern. Esophageal manometry was abnormal in 73% of the cases, including 51% with severe ineffective esophageal motility. Anorectal manometry was abnormal in 59% of the cases, including only 17% with severe abnormalities. Gastric emptying was abnormal in 61% of the cases. Only esophageal motor disorders had significant predicting values for survival, home parenteral nutrition requirement, and an inability to maintain sufficient oral feeding.Conclusions & Inferences  Our study showed that CIPO was associated with a diffuse involvement of all parts of the GI tract and was not restricted to the small intestine in 90% of the cases studied. Esophageal manometry had a significant prognostic yield and should be systematically performed in CIPO patients.
Optimal stomatal conductance in relation to photosynthesis in climatically contrasting Eucalyptus species under drought
Authors: HÉROULT ARNAUD , LIN YAN‐SHIH , BOURNE AIMEE , MEDLYN BELINDA E. , ELLSWORTH DAVID S. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTModels of stomatal conductance (gs) are based on coupling between gs and CO2 assimilation (Anet), and it is often assumed that the slope of this relationship (‘g1’) is constant across species. However, if different plant species have adapted to different access costs of water, then there will be differences in g1 among species. We hypothesized that g1 should vary among species adapted to different climates, and tested the theory and its linkage to plant hydraulics using four Eucalyptus species from different climatic origins in a common garden.Optimal stomatal theory predicts that species from sub‐humid zones have a lower marginal water cost of C gain, hence lower g1 than humid‐zone species. In agreement with the theory that g1 is related to tissue carbon costs for water supply, we found a relationship between wood density and g1 across Eucalyptus species of contrasting climatic origins. There were significant reductions in the parameter g1 during drought in humid but not sub‐humid species, with the latter group maintaining g1 in drought. There are strong differences in stomatal behaviour among related tree species in agreement with optimal stomatal theory, and these differences are consistent with the economics involved in water uptake and transport for carbon gain.
Benzoylation and sinapoylation of glucosinolate R‐groups in Arabidopsis
Authors: Lee Shinyoung , Kaminaga Yasuhisa , Cooper Bruce , Pichersky Eran , Dudareva Natalia , Chapple Clint 
Published: July 2012

SummaryGlucosinolates (GSLs) are nitrogen‐ and sulfur‐containing metabolites that contribute to human health and plant defense. The biological activities of these molecules are largely dependent on modification of the GSL R‐groups derived from their corresponding amino acid precursors. In Arabidopsis seeds, esterification of the R‐group of hydroxylated GSLs (OH‐GSLs) leads to the accumulation of benzoylated GSLs (BzGSLs) and sinapoylated GSLs (SnGSLs). BzGSLs were thought to be synthesized from OH‐GSLs and benzoyl CoA by a BAHD acyltransferase, but no BAHD gene is strongly co‐expressed with the two reference genes BZO1 and AOP3 that are required for BzGSL biosynthesis. In contrast, three genes encoding serine carboxypeptidase‐like (SCPL) acyltransferases [SCPL5, SCPL17 and SCPL19 (SNG2)] do exhibit strong co‐expression. Using a reverse genetic approach, we found that the GSL profile of the scpl5 mutant was identical to that of wild‐type, but both BzGSLs and SnGSLs were barely detectable in scpl17 mutants and their amounts were decreased in the sng2 mutant. In addition, both scpl17 and sng2 mutants accumulate the putative BzGSL precursors OH‐GSLs and benzoylglucose. The results of further GSL analyses in other phenylpropanoid mutants and benzoate feeding experiments suggested that SCPL17 mediates the acyltransferase reaction directly, while the mutation in sng2 causes a decrease in BzGSLs and SnGSLs via an unknown indirect mechanism. Finally, benzoate feeding experiments using bzo1 mutants and BZO1 biochemical characterization indicated that the in vivo role of BZO1 is to synthesize the benzoate precursor cinnamoyl CoA rather than to generate benzoyl CoA from benzoate and CoA as previously predicted.
The role of textures to improve the detection accuracy of Rumex obtusifolius in robotic systems
Authors: HIREMATH S , VAN DER HEIJDEN G , VAN EVERT F K , STEIN A 
Published: July 2012

Hiremath S, Van Der Heijden G, Van Evert FK & Stein A (2012) The role of textures to improve the detection accuracy of Rumex obtusifolius in robotic systems. Weed Research.52, 430–440.SummaryRumex obtusifolius is a common weed that is difficult to control in organic farming systems. Among the proposed non‐chemical treatment methods, robotic systems to mechanically remove the weed have potential for its automatic detection and removal. This article considers a recently developed robot with a real‐time vision system capable of detecting R. obtusifolius in a pasture with the objective of improving its detection accuracy. We show that the texture measure used by the current system is equivalent to local variance and has limited value for detecting R. obtusifolius in a complex background like pasture. To improve the system, two different sets of visual texture features corresponding to Gray level Co‐occurence Matrix (GLCM) and Laws’ filter masks were investigated. Through feature selection, we determined that GLCM features of contrast, entropy and correlation were the best among the two sets of features and were 25% more accurate in estimating the taproot location than the current system. We incorporated these texture features in a new segmentation algorithm and demonstrated its robustness by testing it on a data set of 92 images with high complexity in terms of variation in illumination and weed size. The new segmentation algorithm had a detection accuracy of 90%, with an average error of 141 mm in the estimation of the location of the taproot of R. obtusifolius, compared with 308 mm with the former algorithm.
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin stimulates the formation of eosinophil extracellular traps
Authors: Morshed M. , Yousefi S. , Stöckle C. , Simon H.‐U. , Simon D. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackgroundThymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) that is released by epithelial cells upon certain environmental triggers activates cells of the innate and adaptive immune system resulting in a preferential T helper 2 immune response. By releasing eosinophil extracellular traps (EETs), eosinophils achieve an efficient extracellular bacterial killing. Eosinophil extracellular traps release, however, has been observed in both infectious and noninfectious eosinophilic diseases. Here, we aim to investigate whether eosinophils generate functional EETs as a direct response to TSLP, and further to study the extra‐ and intracellular mechanisms involved in this process as well as TSLP receptor (TSLPR) expression by eosinophils in vitro and in vivo.MethodsThymic stromal lymphopoietin receptor expression on blood and tissue eosinophils was assessed by immunoblotting, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence staining. Purified eosinophils were stimulated with recombinant human TSLP. The release of extracellular DNA in association with eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP) was detected by fluorescence staining techniques and confocal microscopy. In addition, cell survival, cell adhesion, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the inhibition of bacterial growth by TSLP‐stimulated eosinophils were measured.ResultsThymic stromal lymphopoietin receptor was observed on peripheral blood eosinophils as well as on tissue infiltrating eosinophils in skin diseases. TSLP did not affect eosinophil survival, but induced the formation of EETs consisting of mitochondrial DNA in association with ECP in a concentration‐ and time‐dependent manner. Eosinophil extracellular trap release could be inhibited by blocking either cell adhesion or ROS production. While eosinophils prevented the growth of both Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, the latter were unable to elicit EET formation and eosinophils required additional TSLP stimulation to achieve this antibacterial activity.Conclusionsthymic stromal lymphopoietin directly stimulates eosinophils to produce EETs. Our observations link epithelial TSLP expression triggered by environmental factors with pathogen defense mechanisms involving eosinophils.
TNF‐alpha is a key mediator in the development of Th2 cell response to inhaled allergens induced by a viral PAMP double‐stranded RNA
Authors: Choi J.‐P. , Kim Y.‐S. , Kim O. Y. , Kim Y.‐M. , Jeon S. G. , Roh T.‐Y. , Park J.‐S. , Gho Y. S. , Kim Y.‐K. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackgroundViral pathogen–associated molecular patterns, such as dsRNA, disrupt airway tolerance to inhaled allergens. Specifically, the Th2 and Th17 cell responses are induced by low‐dose dsRNA and the Th1‐dominant response by high‐dose dsRNA.ObjectiveIn this model, we evaluate the role of TNF‐α in the development of adaptive immune dysfunction to inhaled allergens induced by airway sensitization with dsRNA‐containing allergens.MethodsA virus‐associated asthma mouse model was generated via simultaneous airway administration of ovalbumin (OVA) and low (0.1 μg) or high (10 μg) doses of polyinosine–polycytidylic acid (poly[I:C]). The effect of TNF‐α on Th2 airway inflammation was evaluated using TNF‐α‐deficient mice and recombinant TNF‐α.ResultsTNF‐α production was enhanced by airway exposure to low and high doses of poly[I:C]. After airway sensitization with OVA plus low‐dose poly[I:C], TNF‐α‐deficient mice exhibited less OVA‐induced airway inflammation than did wild‐type (WT) mice. However, this did not occur upon sensitization with high‐dose poly[I:C]. In terms of T‐cell response, the production of IL‐4 from lung T cells after OVA challenge was enhanced by airway sensitization with OVA plus low‐dose poly[I:C] in WT mice, and this phenotype was inhibited by the absence of TNF‐α. Moreover, the Th2 cell response induced by sensitization with OVA plus low‐dose poly[I:C], which was abolished in TNF‐α‐deficient mice, was restored in these mice upon addition of recombinant TNF‐α.ConclusionThe results of this study suggest that TNF‐α produced by airway exposure to low‐dose dsRNA is a key mediator in the development of Th2 cell response to inhaled allergens.
Height matters: position above the substratum influences the growth of two demosponge species
Authors: McLean Elizabeth L. , Lasker Howard R. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn benthic communities sponges commonly outcompete other organisms in the race for suitable space. Superior competitive ability allows them to grow and overgrow other sessile organisms, some of these being octocorals. Acquiring substratum space, a resource often more limiting than food, is the obvious benefit of these competitive interactions. However, sponges that overgrow larger structures such as branching octocorals also change their position in the water column, and potentially their access to food and exposure to grazers. This study explored the potential benefit of sponge–octocoral associations by examining the effect of height off the bottom on growth of two species of ropelike demosponges under natural conditions. The growths of Amphimedon compressa and Iotrochota birotulata were monitored over 12 months at Cross Harbour, Great Abaco, The Bahamas, using small (5‐cm) sponge fragments that were established at three heights above the bottom (0–5, 30, 60 cm). Growth rates differed among the two species and among different heights. Over 12 months, the mean volumetric growth for A. compressa was 17.7 cm3 ± 1.4 compared with 8.9 cm3 ± 1.4 for I. birotulata. Both species had a higher growth rate at the 60‐cm level. These results suggest that these ropelike sponges benefit from their association and growth on octocorals, not only by using the octocoral skeletal axis as support, but also by acquiring exposure to higher water flow.
Sponge disease in the Adriatic Sea
Authors: Di Camillo Cristina G. , Bartolucci Igor , Cerrano Carlo , Bavestrello Giorgio 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA mass mortality episode involving three marine dyctioceratid sponges, Ircina variabilis, Sarcotragus spinosulus and Spongia officinalis, was observed on ‘Scoglio del Trave’ (Conero Promontory, North Adriatic Sea) in late summer 2009. In this area, calm sea and high temperatures throughout summer created unfavorable environmental conditions, leading to the outbreak of the disease. Affected specimens showed evident necrotic areas and portions with bare skeleton, and many specimens of S. spinosulus were covered with a white mat of cyanobacteria. In September 2009, about 22% of these demosponges suffered from this disease. The mortality event ceased when sea temperature dropped below 20 °C. Small specimens turned out to be more sensitive to the diseases, whereas the damaged tissues of large specimens were able to recover. In October, the damaged specimens were detached by the rough sea and more than 900 beached sponges were found along the 1‐km‐long beach, showing the seriousness of the phenomenon, which probably involved not only the area studied but also areas adjacent to it.
Placebo controlled evaluation of Xilei San, a herbal preparation in patients with intractable ulcerative proctitis
Authors: Fukunaga Ken , Ohda Yoshio , Hida Nobuyuki , Iimuro Masaki , Yokoyama Yoko , Kamikozuru Koji , Nagase Kazuko , Nakamura Shiro , Miwa Hiroto , Matsumoto Takayuki 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackground and Aim:  Topical mesalamine or corticosteroid has shown efficacy in patients with ulcerative proctitis, but patients often become refractory to these interventions. Xilei San is a herbal preparation with evidence of anti‐inflammatory effects. We evaluated the efficacy of topical Xilei San in ulcerative proctitis patients.Methods:  In a double blind setting, 30 patients with intractable ulcerative proctitis despite ≥ 4 weeks of topical mesalamine or corticosteroid were randomly assigned to True (n = 15) and placebo (n = 15). Patients in True received suppository Xilei San (0.1 g/dose per day of Xilei San), the other 15 received placebo suppository. The initial efficacy was evaluated on day 14. Primary endpoint of the trial was avoiding relapse during 180 days, relapse meant recurrence of active disease. Riley's index was applied for endoscopic and histological evaluations, while patients' quality of life was evaluated by an inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire.Results:  On day 14, the number of patients who achieved remission, clinical activity index ≤ 4 in True was significantly higher versus placebo (P < 0.04). Likewise, at day 180, an 81.8% of patients in True were without relapse versus 16.7% in placebo (P < 0.001). Further, significant endoscopic (P < 0.01), histological (P < 0.02) and inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire (P < 0.04) improvements were observed in True, but not in placebo.Conclusions:  This is the first controlled investigation showing significant clinical and endoscopic efficacy for Xilei San in patients with intractable ulcerative proctitis. Topical Xilei San was well tolerated, and was without safety concerns.
Gaps in health care for the somatic health of outpatients with severe mental illness
Authors: van Hasselt Fenneke M. , Schorr Susanne G. , Mookhoek Evert J. , Brouwers Jacobus R. B. J. , Loonen Anton J. M. , Taxis Katja 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTThe physical health of outpatients with severe mental illness (SMI) can be improved by changes in the health‐care system. Analysis of current practice is necessary to develop these strategies. We compared the number of somatic health problems of outpatients with SMI with the frequency of consulting a general practitioner (GP). This was a cross‐sectional study based on interviews, and records from the GP and the pharmacy. We checked whether Dutch community pharmacies had complete and correct information about the patients' medication. We observed that all patients (n = 118) had somatic problems in need of clinical attention. Patients who visited their GP less than once a year (35%, n = 42), had a mean of 2.8 somatic health problems. This was less than patients who consulted their GP more than once a year (P ≤ 0.01). In 37% of cases, the pharmacy did not have adequate information on the drug use. Many patients with SMI seemed to have insufficient contact with their GP for their somatic health problems. Insufficient information about the patients' medication suggested that the pharmacist and GP should increase exchange of information. Mental health nurses can take a lead in coordinating the care to improve somatic health for their patients.
Discordance in Pena–Shokeir phenotype/fetal akinesia deformation sequence in a monoamniotic twin
Authors: Mayumi Miyuki , Obata‐Yasuoka Mana , Ogura Tsuyoshi , Hamada Hiromi , Miyazono Yayoi , Yoshikawa Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2012

AbstractWe here report the first case of discordant Pena–Shokeir phenotype observed in monoamniotic twins. A 34‐year‐old woman, pregnant with twins, was referred at 10 weeks' gestation because one of the twins had increased nuchal translucency. Serial ultrasonographic examinations suggested that twin A may have had several other abnormalities, including pleural effusion at 21 weeks' gestation, decreased movement and contracted limbs at 24 weeks, and fetal growth restriction at 26 weeks. No abnormalities were observed in twin B. At 34 weeks of gestation, the twins were delivered by cesarean section. There were cord entanglements, and although the resuscitation of twin A was attempted, it proved difficult due to lockjaw. Twin A died during the second hour of life, and autopsy findings were consistent with the diagnosis of Pena–Shokeir phenotype. We suggest that cord entanglement during early gestation is a possible cause for the occurrence of Pena–Shokeir phenotype through an anoxic‐ischemic mechanism.