bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Documentation of avian diversity of Khaparwas Bird Sanctuary in Jhajjar district in Haryana, India
Authors: Gupta Rohtash Chand , Parashar Monika , Kaushik Tirshem Kumar 
Published: June 2012

Khaparwas is a designated Bird Sanctuary under the administrative control of Wildlife Department of Government of Haryana in India vide notification dated 27th March, 1991. Its total area is 204.36 Acres. During the study period of four years (1997-2002), a total of 164 species of birds belonging to 16 Orders, 44 families were recorded from the Khaparwas bird Sanctuary in Jhajjar district in Haryana, India. Out of 164 species of birds, 104 species were residents, 45 species were winter migratory, 9 species of birds local migratory, 5 species were summer migratory and one species of bird was Straggler. In so far as, Abundance Status is concerned, 64 species of birds were Occasional, 60 species Common and 40 species were Uncommon. Birds like Black Ibis Pseudibis papillosa, Jungle Bush Quail Perdicula asiatica, Red Jungle Fowl Gallus gallus, Eurasian Curlews Numenius arquata, Eurasian Eagle Owl Bubo bubo, and Stork Billed Kingfisher Halcyon capensis were observed as specific to this area. Prominent migratory birds like Northern Shoveller Anas clypeata, Northern Pintail Anas acuta, Eurasian Wigeon Anas penelope, Garganey Anas querquedula, Spot-billed Duck Anas poecilorhyncha, Common Teal Anas crecca, Common Pochard Aythya ferina, Spotted Redshank Tringa erythropus, Eurasian Curlew, Common Snipe Gallinago gallinago and Common Greenshank Tringa nebularia were recorded in winter season only. In view of the present studies, it is strongly recommended that Khaparwas Bird Sanctuary in Jhajjar district in Haryana must be conserved in a better way, due to its proximity to Bhindawas Bird Sanctuary and Keoldeo National Park in Rajasthan and the rich avian diversity observed in present studies. Khaparwas has the potential to occupy a National Character as a Sanctuary.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v6i1.5597
The relative contributions of insect and bird pollinators to outcrossing in an African Protea (Proteaceae)
Authors: Steenhuisen Sandy‐Lynn , Van der Bank Herman , Johnson Steven D. 
Published: June 2012

• Premise of the study: A useful, but seldom applied, measure of the effectiveness of different pollinators is their contribution to the rate of outcrossing. This measure is particularly useful in facultatively autogamous plants for which seed set cannot be used as a direct measure of pollinator effectiveness. We used selective exclusion experiments to assess the importance of insects for outcrossing in Protea caffra, a facultatively autogamous shrub with scented flowers that are visited frequently by both birds and insects (mainly beetles).• Methods and results: Pollen loads on stigmas, pollen tube growth, seed set, seed mass, germination, and early seedling survivorship were similar for vertebrate‐excluded and open‐pollinated inflorescences. Pollen‐supplementation mostly did not increase seed set, revealing resource limitation. Mean multilocus outcrossing rates, estimated using eight polymorphic allozyme loci, were similar for progeny from inflorescences excluded from bird visitors (0.65) and for those visited by both birds and insects (0.59). Wright's fixation indices indicated that the adult population is near Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium but differed markedly for maternal plants (FIS = –0.187 ± 0.065) and their early stage progeny (FIS = 0.258 ± 0.002). Since seed from self and cross hand‐pollinations were equally viable in terms of germination, this discrepancy in FIS could be explained by inbreeding depression that occurs between germination and reproductive maturity.• Conclusions: Since outcrossing rates were not reduced when birds were excluded, we infer that insects are effective agents of cross pollination in P. caffra. This helps to explain the evolution of traits associated with insect pollination, such as fruity floral scent, in this species.
Le management face aux crises : la représentation d'un sujet défaillant
Authors: Simon Bruno 
Published: June 2012

Résumé En observant les situations de crise que traversent les secteurs sociaux et médico sociaux et en étudiant la façon dont le management tente inutilement de répondre aux questions qu’elles posent, nous pouvons voir se profiler une nouvelle définition du sujet. Ce n’est plus un sujet construit par l’histoire personnelle et sociale, par l’expérience, ni même un sujet en communication dans le temps présent, mais un sujet défini par son seul positionnement face à un avenir qui lui est présenté en même temps comme incertain et trop complexe pour lui. Privé de sa mémoire et nié dans ses savoir-faire constitués, le sujet est objectivé dans des comportements dévalorisés : il est ainsi accusé d’être résistant au changement, usé au travail, incapable d’adaptation aux enjeux supposés de la modernité.
Prospective Randomized Pilot Study on the Effects of Two Synthetic High-Flux Dialyzers on Dialysis Patient Anemia
Authors: Viganò Sara M. , Di Filippo Salvatore , La Milia Vincenzo , Pontoriero Giuseppe , Locatelli Francesco 
Published: June 2012

Purpose: Anemia in chronic kidney disease dialysis patients is a complex syndrome involving many causes. Adequate dialysis can contribute to its correction through many mechanisms, including the removal of molecules that may inhibit erythropoiesis. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the effect on renal anemia of two synthetic, high-flux dialyzers (polynephron vs. high-flux polysulphone). Methods: 20 dialysis patients (11 male; mean age: 72 years) were randomly assigned and studied for 6 months. There were 2 dropouts in each group. Each patient underwent 3 hemodialysis treatments per week without any difference in dialysis prescription. At T = 0 and T = 6 (after 6 months), instantaneous plasma clearances and reduction rates of small solutes, β2-microglobulin protein (β2-μ); hemoglobin (Hb), and iron pattern were measured. The effect on anemia was evaluated by calculating the Erythropoesis Stimulating Agent (ESA) doses and the Erythropoietin Resistance Index (ERI). Results: Kt/V increased between T0 and T6 in both groups. β2-μ pre-dialysis levels significantly decreased between T0 and T6 in both dialyzer groups (p<0.001 in both groups). The Hb levels increased between T0 and T6, but significantly only for the polynephron patient group (p = 0.006 and 0.142). ESA dose did not change significantly. The ERI decreased by 22.7% between T0 and T6 in the polynephron-group and increased by 14% in the others; these changes were not significant. Conclusions: High-flux filters improved Hb levels, although only significantly in the polynephron group, suggesting a possible different effect. The results should be interpreted with caution and tested in an appropriately powered, large, prospective, randomized control trial.
The Extent of Lymphadenectomy does Affect Cancer Specific Survival in Pathologically Confirmed T4 Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Capitanio Umberto , Matloob Rayan , Suardi Nazareno , Abdollah Firas , Castiglione Fabio , Di Trapani Dario , Russo Andrea , Briganti Alberto , Carenzi Cristina , Salonia Andrea , Montorsi Francesco , Rigatti Patrizio , Bertini Roberto 
Published: June 2012

Background Controversies exist regarding the effect of lymphadenectomy (LND) in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We hypothesized that patients with locally advanced cancer invading beyond Gerota's fascia (pT4 Nany Many RCC) might benefit from an extended LND not only for staging but also for survival purposes. Materials and Methods Clinical and pathologic data were prospectively gathered in 1.847 patients treated at a single Academic Center, between 1987 and 2011. Only patients with pT4 RCC (TNM 2009, n=44, 2.4%) were included. Univariable (UVA) and multivariable (MVA) Cox regression analyses targeted the association between the number of lymph nodes removed and cancer specific mortality (CSM). Analyses were adjusted for age, Fuhrman grade, symptoms at presentation, metastases at diagnosis, ECOG performance status, tumor size, number of positive nodes, and presence of necrosis or sarcomatoid features. Results Mean number of nodes removed was 11.8 (median 8, range 1–37). Mean number of positive nodes was 4.8 (median 2, range 0–36). Cancer-specific survival rates at 1, 2 and 3 years of follow-up were 39.3%, 25.0% and 8.6%, respectively. When stratified for nodal status, cancer-specific survival rates at 1, 2 and 3 years of follow-up were 65.0, 36.1, and 9.0% vs. 13.3, 13.0, and 6.7%, for pN0 vs. pN+ cases, respectively (p=0.004). At MVA, after adjusting for all the possible confounders, the number of positive nodes resulted independently associated with CSM (HR 1.25, p=0.001). Interestingly, at MVA, the number of nodes removed achieved the independent predictor status, as well (HR 0.84, p=0.007) showing a protective effect on survival. The risk of dying increased of 16% every positive node found (p<0.001), and decreased of 8% every node removed (p=0.02) (Table II). Conclusions A more extended retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy at the time of nephrectomy statistically significantly decreased CSM in pT4 cases.
Responsiveness of five outcome measurement instruments in total elbow arthroplasty
Authors: Angst Felix , Goldhahn Jörg , Drerup Susann , Kolling Christoph , Aeschlimann André , Simmen Beat R. , Schwyzer Hans‐Kaspar 
Published: June 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo quantify and compare the sensitivity to change of 5 outcome instruments for the elbow joint.MethodsIn a prospective cohort study (n = 65), outcome was measured by the Short Form 36 (SF‐36), the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire (DASH), the modified American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons questionnaire for the elbow, patient part (pmASES) and examiner/clinical part (cmASES), and the Patient‐Rated Elbow Evaluation form (PREE). Responsiveness was quantified by the effect size (ES) and standardized response mean (SRM) before and 6 months after total elbow arthroplasty. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine the instruments' ability to classify effects into global health change assessment categories.ResultsFor the total scores, the ES were 1.50 for the PREE, 1.32 for the pmASES, 0.86 for the cmASES, 0.56 for the DASH, and 0.11 for the SF‐36 (P ≤ 0.002 for all differences, except the cmASES and DASH). The same order was found within the subdomains of pain/symptoms and function and remained consistent when using the SRM and in ROC curve analysis. PREE total (area under the ROC curve 0.68), DASH function, and pmASES total and pain (area under the ROC curve range 0.64–0.67) discriminated best between “much better” and the other categories.ConclusionThe PREE was the most responsive instrument and can be recommended for every set of measures for elbow joint disorders. The pmASES was slightly less responsive but is a valid alternative. The examiner‐assessed cmASES is affected by concerns regarding validity and was relatively less responsive. The DASH for comprehensive measurement of the entire upper extremity and the SF‐36 for chronic pain conditions complete the assessment set.
Association of weight gain with incident knee pain, stiffness, and functional difficulties: A longitudinal study
Authors: Tanamas Stephanie K. , Wluka Anita E. , Davies‐Tuck Miranda , Wang Yuanyuan , Strauss Boyd J. , Proietto Joseph , Dixon John B. , Jones Graeme , Forbes Andrew , Cicuttini Flavia M. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the longitudinal association between significant weight change and change in knee symptoms (pain, stiffness, and function), and to determine whether the effects differ in those who are obese and those with osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsTwo hundred fifty subjects ranging from normal weight to obese (body mass index range 16.9–59.1 kg/m2) and no significant musculoskeletal disease were recruited from the general community and weight loss clinics and organizations. Seventy‐eight percent were followed at ∼2 years. Weight, height, and knee symptoms (using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index) were assessed at baseline and followup. Any weight loss methods were recorded.ResultsThirty percent of subjects lost ≥5% of baseline weight, 56% of subjects' weight remained stable (loss or gain of <5% of baseline weight), and 14% of subjects gained ≥5% of baseline weight. Using estimated marginal means, weight gain was associated with worsening pain (mean 27.1 mm; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] −1.1, 55.2), stiffness (mean 18.4 mm; 95% CI 1.5, 35.3), and function (mean 99.3 mm; 95% CI 4.0, 194.6) compared to stable weight. Weight loss was associated with reduced pain (mean −22.4 mm; 95% CI −44.4, −0.3), stiffness (mean −15.3 mm; 95% CI −28.50, −2.0), and function (mean −73.2 mm; 95% CI −147.9, 1.3) compared to stable weight.ConclusionWeight gain was associated with adverse effects on knee symptoms, particularly in those who are obese and who have OA. Although losing weight is potentially beneficial for symptom improvement, the effects were more modest. Avoiding weight gain is important in managing knee symptoms.
Reproducibility, validity, and responsiveness of the hip outcome score in patients with end‐stage hip osteoarthritis
Authors: Naal Florian D. , Impellizzeri Franco M. , von Eisenhart‐Rothe Rüdiger , Mannion Anne F. , Leunig Michael 
Published: June 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate reproducibility, validity, and responsiveness of the Hip Outcome Score (HOS) in patients with end‐stage hip osteoarthritis.MethodsIn a cohort of 157 consecutive patients (mean age 66 years; 79 women) undergoing total hip replacement, the HOS was tested for the following measurement properties: feasibility (percentage of evaluable questionnaires), reproducibility (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] and standard error of measurement [SEM]), construct validity (correlation with the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index [WOMAC], Oxford Hip Score [OHS], Short Form 12 health survey, and University of California, Los Angeles activity scale), internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha), factorial validity (factor analysis), floor and ceiling effects, and internal and external responsiveness at 6 months after surgery (standardized response mean and change score correlations).ResultsMissing items occurred frequently. Five percent to 6% of the HOS activities of daily living (ADL) subscales and 20–32% of the sport subscales could not be scored. ICCs were 0.92 for both subscales. SEMs were 1.8 points (ADL subscale) and 2.3 points (sport subscale). Highest correlations were found with the OHS (r = 0.81 for ADL subscale and r = 0.58 for sport subscale) and the WOMAC physical function subscale (r = 0.83 for ADL subscale and r = 0.56 for sport subscale). Cronbach's alpha was 0.93 and 0.88 for the ADL and sport subscales, respectively. Neither unidimensionality of the subscales nor the 2‐factor structure was supported by factor analysis. Both subscales showed good internal and external responsiveness.ConclusionThe HOS is reproducible and responsive when assessing patients with end‐stage hip osteoarthritis in whom the items are relevant. However, based on the large proportion of missing data and the findings of the factor analysis, we cannot recommend this questionnaire for routine use in this target group.
Obesity and other modifiable factors for physical inactivity measured by accelerometer in adults with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Lee Jungwha , Song Jing , Hootman Jennifer M. , Semanik Pamela A. , Chang Rowland W. , Sharma Leena , van Horn Linda , Bathon Joan M. , Eaton Charles B. , Hochberg Marc C. , Jackson Rebecca , Kwoh C. Kent , Mysiw W. Jerry , Nevitt Michael , Dunlop Dorothy D. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the public health impact of obesity and other modifiable risk factors related to physical inactivity in adults with knee osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsThe frequency of inactivity as defined by the US Department of Health and Human Services was assessed from objective accelerometer monitoring of 1,089 participants (ages 49–84 years) with radiographic knee OA during the Osteoarthritis Initiative 48‐month visit (2008–2010). The relationship between modifiable factors (weight status, dietary fat, fiber, smoking, depressive symptoms, knee function, knee pain, and knee confidence) with inactivity was assessed using odds ratios (ORs) and attributable fractions (AFs), controlling for descriptive factors (age, sex, race, education, lives alone, employment, frequent knee symptoms, and comorbidity).ResultsAlmost half (48.9%) of participants with knee OA were inactive. Being overweight (OR 1.8, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.2–2.5) or obese (OR 3.9, 95% CI 2.6–5.7), having inadequate dietary fiber intake (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2–2.2), severe knee dysfunction (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.3–2.8), and severe pain (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1–2.5) were significantly related to inactivity, controlling for descriptive factors. Modifiable factors with significant average AFs were being overweight or obese (AF 23.8%, 95% CI 10.5–38.6%) and inadequate dietary fiber (AF 12.1%, 95% CI 0.1–24.5%), controlling for all factors.ConclusionBeing obese or overweight, the quality of the diet, severe pain, and severe dysfunction are significantly associated with physical inactivity in adults with knee OA. All components should be considered in designing physical activity interventions that target arthritis populations with low activity levels.
Direct medical expenditure associated with rheumatoid arthritis in a nationally representative sample from the medical expenditure panel survey
Authors: Kawatkar Aniket A. , Jacobsen Steven J. , Levy Gerald D. , Medhekar Swati S. , Venkatasubramaniam Kumarapuram V. , Herrinton Lisa J. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo quantify the incremental direct medical expenditure associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the US population from a payer's perspective.MethodsA probability‐weighted sample of adult respondents from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (2008) was used to identify a cohort of patients with RA and compared to a control cohort without RA. Annual expenditure outcomes, including total expenditure and subgroups related to pharmacy, office‐based visits, emergency department visits, hospital inpatient stays, and residual expenditures were estimated. Differences between the RA and control cohort were adjusted for sociodemographic factors, employment status, insurance coverage, health behavior, and health status using a generalized linear model with log link and gamma distribution. Statistical inferences on difference in expenditures between RA and non‐RA controls were based on nonparametric cluster bootstrapping using percentiles.ResultsThe adjusted average annual total expenditure of the RA cohort in 2008 US dollars (USD) was $13,012 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] $1,737–$47,081), while that of the control cohort was $4,950 (95% CI $567–$17,425). The incremental total expenditure of the RA patients as compared to non‐RA controls was $2,085 (95% CI $250–$7,822). RA patients also had a significantly higher pharmacy expenditure of $5,825 (95% CI $446–$30,998) that was on average $1,380 (95% CI $94–$7,492) higher as compared to the controls. The summated total incremental expenditure of all RA patients in the US was $22.3 billion (2008 USD).ConclusionRA exerts considerable incremental economic burden on US health care, which is primarily driven by the incremental pharmacy expenditure.
Quantitative In Situ Mechanical Characterization of the Effects of Chemical Functionalization on Individual Carbon Nanofibers
Authors: Zhang Jiangnan , Loya Phillip , Peng Cheng , Khabashesku Valery , Lou Jun 
Published: June 2012

AbstractCarbon nanofibers (CNFs) have been used for applications in composite material for decades because of their unique mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. Consequently, an in‐depth understanding of mechanical properties of individual CNFs, particularly after chemical functionalization, would provide important insight into its effective integration into composite materials. Fluorination and amination of CNFs is achieved and systematic chemical characterizations of functionalized CNFs are performed. An in situ tensile testing method, which combines a simple microfabricated device with a quantitative nanoindenter inside a scanning electron microscope (SEM) chamber, is used to measure mechanical properties of individual pristine, fluorinated, and amino‐functionalized CNFs. The nominal CNFs strengths follow the Weibull distribution and the fluorinated CNFs are found to possess higher nominal strength but similar strain when compared with the pristine and amino‐functionalized CNFs. SEM fracture surfaces analysis shows that all nanofibers failed in a similar cup‐and‐cone fashion. Microscopy image sof fluorinated CNFs reveal an unexpected change in the hollow core before and after fiber fracture, which is attributed to the possible effects of fluorination‐induced compression on nanofiber surfaces. The results demonstrate the potential of fluorination for improving both the mechanical properties of CNFs and their successful integration into composites.
Deposition of Triamcinolone Acetonide and Its Effect on Soft Tissue Topography
Authors: Valentin‐Rodriguez Celimar , Tezel Tongalp H. , Ivanisevic Albena 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBimodal imaging is utilized to characterize the topography of human tissue samples. The deposition of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) on various surfaces – including surgical human inner limiting membrane (ILM) samples and collagen fibrillar sheets – was studied. Changes in composition were well defined with bimodal imaging when TA deposition was examined on mica. TA sedimentation resulted in observable changes in ILM topography when compared to collagen fibrillar sheets. The heterogeneous chemical and topographical features of the ILM tissues promoted the TA crystallization compared to the flatter and homogeneous collagen surfaces. Higher spatial resolution was achieved by imaging ILM samples in the new bimodal imaging mode. The most apparent difference was observed in the imaging of ILM samples which had been exposed to the steroid TA. The study demonstrated the usefulness of bimodal imaging to evaluate tissue samples.
Selective Formation of Formamidines or 7‐Aminomethylbenzoxazoles from Unprecedented Couplings between Benzoxazoles and Amines
Authors: Yu Dingyi , Lee Szehui , Sum Yin Ngai , Zhang Yugen 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA method for the selective synthesis of amidines by ring‐opening amination or of 7‐aminomethylbenzoxazoles via a novel three‐component‐coupling reaction (arene, dichloromethane and amine) from benzoxazoles and amines was developed. Amidines could be further converted into 2‐aminobenzoxazoles in high yield.
One‐Pot Three‐Component Click Reaction of Cyclic Sulfates and Cyclic Sulfamidates
Authors: Megia‐Fernandez Alicia , Ortega‐Muñoz Mariano , Hernandez‐Mateo Fernando , Santoyo‐Gonzalez Francisco 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA one‐pot, three‐component methodology involving tandem azidation and click copper(I)‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) of cyclic sulfates or cyclic sulfamidates in the presence of sodium azides and alkynes is reported. The developed protocol takes also advantage of the concomitant use of microwave (MW) irradiation and heterogeneous catalysis. The protocol allows the fast and efficient preparation of (alkyl sulfate)‐ and (alkyl sulfamidate)‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazoles in a simple manner.