bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interstellar Lithium as a probe of the primordial abundance
Authors: Howk J. Christopher 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe cosmic abundance of lithium continues to represent a conundrum, as predictions from BBN theory are inconsistent with measurements in the atmospheres of the lowest-metallicity stars. While there are worries that modifications of the stellar Li abundances may play a role in this discrepancy, no satisfactory solution has yet been found. We suggest an alternate approach to studying the cosmic abundance of Li: measurements of interstellar gas-phase Li in low-metallicity environments.
Lithium abundances in the α Persei Cluster
Authors: Mallik Sushma V. , Balachandran Suchitra C. , Lambert David L. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAs a sequel to the Li observations by Balachandran, Lambert & Stauffer (1988, 1996) in 35 stars of the 50 Myr old cluster α Persei, we have obtained and analyzed high resolution spectra of another 51 stars. Following a reconsideration of the cluster membership of the stars (Prosser 1992, Makarov 2006, Mermilliod et al. 2008, and Patience et al. 2002), we discuss the Li abundances for 70 stars. With our larger sample, we reexamine the question of whether the scatter in Li abundance at a given Teff seen in young clusters at cool temperatures is real or not.
Lithium in other Suns: no connection between stars and planets
Authors: Meléndez Jorge , Ramírez Iván , Asplund Martin , Baumann Patrick 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAn unbiased sample of solar twins shows that the Sun has a normal Li abundance for its age and that a low Li abundance does not imply the presence of planets. We find a tight correlation between Li and age, which holds for all stars analyzed in our sample: solar twins, stars with and without detected giant planets, and stars that may host terrestrial planets.
HD 232 862 : a magnetic and lithium-rich giant star
Authors: Palacios A. , Lèbre A. , do Nascimento J. D. , Konstantinova-Antova R. , Kolev D. , Aurière M. , de Laverny P. , de Medeiros J. R. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractUsing spectropolarimetric data acquired with the ESPaDOnS and NARVAL instruments at CFHT and at TBL, we present a detailed spectral synthesis analysis of HD 232 862, a field giant classified as a G8II star hosting a magnetic field. This star is the first lithium-rich field giant hosting a magnetic field. Stellar evolution models suggest that HD 232 862 should be a 1.5 to 2.0 M⊙ star at the bottom of the red giant branch. Its unsually high lithium content (A(Li) = 2.45 ± 0.25 dex) is even more puzzling and challenges our understanding of the evolution of this star.
The metal–poor end of the Spite plateau: gravity sensitivity of the Hα wings fitting.
Authors: Sbordone L. , Bonifacio P. , Caffau E. , Ludwig H.-G. , Behara N. , Gonzalez-Hernandez J. I. , Steffen M. , Cayrel R. , Freytag B. , Van't Veer C. , Molaro P. , Plez B. , Sivarani T. , Spite M. , Spite F. , Beers T. C. , Christlieb N. , François P. , Hill V. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe recently presented (Sbordone et al., 2009a) the largest sample to date of lithium abundances in extremely metal-poor (EMP) Halo dwarf and Turn-Off (TO) stars. One of the most crucial aspects in estimating Li abundances is the Teff determination, since the Li I 670.8 nm doublet is highly temperature sensitive. In this short contribution we concentrate on the Teff determination based on Hα wings fitting, and on its sensitivity to the chosen stellar gravity.
Light elements as diagnostics on the structure and evolution of low-mass stars
Authors: Talon Suzanne , Charbonnel Corinne 
Published: April 2010

AbstractLow-mass stars exhibit, at all stages of their evolution, the signatures of complex physical processes that require challenging modelling beyond standard stellar theory. In this review, we focus on lithium depletion in low-mass stars. After disecting the Li dip, we discuss how large scale mixing due to rotation and internal gravity waves may interact to explain this feature. We also briefly discuss the impact that is expected on Population II stars.
Effects of rotation and magnetic fields on the structure and surface abundances of solar-type stars
Authors: Eggenberger P. , Maeder A. , Meynet G. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe effects of shellular rotation on the modelling of solar-type stars (in particular internal structure, evolutionary tracks in the HR diagram, lifetimes and surface abundances) are first examined. Then the effects of a dynamo possibly occuring in the internal stellar radiative zone by imposing nearly solid body rotation are studied. These results are finally discussed in the context of the rotational history of exoplanet host stars and the link between lithium depletion and the presence of exoplanets.
The light elements in a helio- and asteroseismic perspective
Authors: Vauclair Sylvie 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAsteroseismology is a powerful tool to derive stellar parameters, including the helium content and internal helium gradients, and the macroscopic motions which can lead to lithium, beryllium, and boron abundance variations. Precise determinations of these parameters need deep analyses for each individual stars. After a general introduction on helio and asteroseismology, I first discuss the solar case, the results which have been obtained in the past two decades, and the crisis induced by the new determination of the abundances of heavy elements. Then I discuss asteroseismology in relation with light element abundances, especially for the case of main sequence stars.
Lithium destruction induced by planetary accretion in solar-type stars
Authors: Théado Sylvie , Bohuon Elise , Vauclair Sylvie 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAccretion of planetary (metal-rich) material onto a star in its early phases can produce episodes of thermohaline convection below the outer convective zone. These extra-mixing phases lead to rapid lithium destruction. The observed dispersion of lithium abundances in solar-type stars can be related to such events.
Thermohaline mixing in stars : solving the long-standing 3He problem
Authors: Charbonnel Corinne , Lagarde Nadège 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThermohaline mixing has been recently identified as the dominating process that governs the photospheric composition of low-mass bright giant stars (Charbonnel & Zahn 2007a). Here we present the predictions of stellar models computed with the code STAREVOL that takes into account this mechanism together with rotational mixing and atomic diffusion. We compare our theorical predictions with recent observations and discuss how the corresponding yields for 3He are compatible with the observed behaviour of this light element in our Galaxy.
Galactic evolution of 7Li
Authors: Matteucci Francesca 
Published: April 2010

AbstractLithium represents a key element in cosmology, as it is one of the few nuclei synthesized during the Big Bang. The primordial abundance of 7Li allows us to impose constraints on the primordial nucleosynthesis and on the baryon density of the universe. However, 7Li is not only produced during the Big Bang but also during galactic evolution: measures of stellar Li in our Galaxy suggest an almost constant Li abundance (the so-called Spite plateau) at low metallicities and a subsequent increase in the disk stars, leading to a Li abundance in Population I stars higher by a factor of ten than in Population II stars. This means that there must exist several possible stellar sources of 7Li: asymptotic giant branch stars, supernovae, novae, red giant stars. 7Li is also partly produced in spallation processes while 6Li is entirely produced by such processes. All of these sources have been included in galactic chemical evolution models and constraints have been derived on the primordial 7Li and its evolution, as well on stellar models. I will review these models and their results and what we have learned about 7Li evolution. Some still open problems, such as the disagreement between the primordial 7Li abundance as derived by WMAP and as measured in Population II stars, and the uncertainties about the main sources of stellar 7Li will be discussed.
The search for the origin of the light nuclei Li, Be, B
Authors: Reeves Hubert 
Published: April 2010

AbstractMy aim is to show how the abundance ratios of the light elements (6 to 11) are related to the properties of the strong nuclear interaction and, in particular, to the major influence of closed shells of neutrons and protons, (the magic numbers : 2, 8, etc) on the binding energies of the nuclei.
Origin of cosmic rays and evolution of spallogenic nuclides Li, Be and B
Authors: Prantzos Nikos 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA short overview is presented of current issues concerning the production and evolution of Li, Be and B in the Milky Way. In particular, the observed “primary-like” evolution of Be is re-assessed in the light of a novel idea: it is argued that Galactic Cosmic Rays are accelerated from the wind material of rotating massive stars, hit by the forward shock of the subsequent supernova explosions. The pre-galactic levels of both Li isotopes remain controversial at present, making it difficult to predict their Galactic evolution. A quantitative estimate is provided of the contributions of various candidate sources to the solar abundance of Li.
Discussion D: Observational problems with Li, Be and B
Authors: Nissen Poul Erik 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn Discussion D the following problems were addressed: Has6Li really been detected in the atmospheres of metal-poor halo stars? Is there a downward trend or increased scatter of Li abundances in stars on the ‘Li-plateau’ at metallicities [Fe/H] ≲ −2.5? Are there significant differences of Li abundances in main-sequence, turn-off, and sub-giant stars in globular clusters? Is the Li abundance in solar-type stars related to the presence of planets? How does the Be abundance in dwarf stars increase with the heavy-element abundance, and is there a cosmic scatter in Be at a given [Fe/H]? The discussion of these problems is summarized and some suggestions for future observational and theoretical studies are mentioned.
Proposed NOAA Budget Includes Hefty Increase for Satellites
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: April 2010

The Obama administration's proposed fiscal year (FY) 2011 budget for the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) would provide the agency with $5.55 billion, which represents a total increase of $806.1 million, or 17% above the FY 2010 budget enacted by Congress. At a February briefing about the budget, NOAA administrator Jane Lubchenco said the budget is a very good package for the agency and that it reflects the administration's commitment to the environment, science, public safety, and job creation.Noting that the agency's budget remained essentially fl at between FY 2005 and FY 2008 during the George W. Bush administration, Lubchenco said, “the increasing demand for NOAA's services, coupled with a static budget, created a major challenge for NOAA in delivering on expectations.” She said the funding picture for the agency improved with the FY 2009 and FY 2010 enacted budgets. Lubchenco noted that the proposed budget would include $949 million for research and development, an $82 million increase, adding, “Our 2011 request for each line office [within NOAA] is higher than it was in 2010, and we are better aligned with congressional funding levels than in previous budgets.”
Characterizing Water, Sediment, Nutrients, and Contaminant Fluxes in Coastal Egypt: Marine Constituent Dynamics in Coastal Egypt; Alexandria, Egypt, 20 November 2009
Authors: Peterson Richard N. , El‐Gamal Ayman 
Published: April 2010

The Egyptian coastal area is a highly dynamic region in which materials (water, sediment, nutrients, and contaminants) are transported from various sources to the Mediterranean and Red seas. At a workshop in Egypt, U.S. and Egyptian scientists discussed these largely unquantified processes and how they interact to drive coastal ecology. A major goal of the workshop was to identify the most pressing research priorities for the region for both scientific and management purposes. The workshop concluded by recommending that international multidisciplinary efforts be undertaken to characterize water, nutrient, sediment, and contaminant delivery fluxes and mechanisms to coastal regions of the Nile Delta.The Nile River is thought to be the most significant source of sediments to coastal Egypt, but as workshop participants discussed, the Aswan High Dam and water diversion practices have essentially shut off the sediment supply to the delta. This change has initiated massive erosion that is now threatening arable land and infrastructure. A workshop conclusion recommends that future studies focus on understanding sediment transport and mobility throughout the delta and also on predicting sea level rise rates for the region to better forecast the extent of future land loss.
Australian and Chinese Scientists Discuss Coastal Zone Management: Integrated Coastal Zone Management Workshop; Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia, 11–14 November 2009
Authors: Wang Xiao Hua , Xu Xiangmin 
Published: April 2010

A 3‐day workshop was held in Australia to discuss problems and issues facing coastal zones, including degradation of coastal ecosystems and the impacts of climate change such as sea level rise and changed weather patterns, and to formulate a collaborative research strategy to improve the coastal zone management (CZM) system to tackle these problems. The workshop, which brought together experts from University of New South Wales (UNSW) and Ocean University of China (OUC), highlighted the similarities in topics important to Australia and China. This workshop focused on science, policy, and the legal framework required to manage sustainable development of these coastal zones.Many parallels exist between the difficult issues facing CZM in both countries. Significant research into changes in coastal areas and their causes has been undertaken, but this research effort has not been fully reflected in coastal zone planning and management activities. Workshop participants reviewed current progress in understanding scientific, engineering, and socioeconomic processes in the coastal zones, brainstormed challenges in developing a multidisciplinary research framework capable of integrating science into coastal zone management, and identified a cross‐institutional approach to addressing these issues.
PepC: proteomics software for identifying differentially expressed proteins based on spectral counting
Authors: Heinecke N.L. , Pratt B.S. , Vaisar T. , Becker L. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSummary: Identifying biologically significant changes in protein abundance between two conditions is a key issue when analyzing proteomic data. One widely used approach centers on spectral counting, a label-free method that sums all the tandem mass spectra for a protein observed in an analysis. To assess the significance of the results, we recently combined the t-test and G-test, with random permutation analysis, and we validated this approach biochemically. To automate the statistical method, we developed PepC, a software program that balances the trade-off between the number of differentially expressed proteins identified and the false discovery rate. This tool can be applied to a wide range of proteomic datasets, making data analysis rapid, reproducible and easily interpretable by proteomics specialists and non-specialists alike.Availability and implementation: The software is implemented in Java. It has been added to the Trans Proteomic Pipeline project's ‘Petunia’ web interface, but can also be run as a command line program. The source code is GNU Lesser General Public License and the program is freely available on the web. http://sashimi.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/sashimi/trunk/trans_proteomic_pipeline/src/Quantitation/PepcContact: levb@u.washington.edu; brian.pratt@insilicos.com
HangOut: generating clean PSI-BLAST profiles for domains with long insertions
Authors: Kim Bong-Hyun , Cong Qian , Grishin Nick V. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSummary: Profile-based similarity search is an essential step in structure-function studies of proteins. However, inclusion of non-homologous sequence segments into a profile causes its corruption and results in false positives. Profile corruption is common in multidomain proteins, and single domains with long insertions are a significant source of errors. We developed a procedure (HangOut) that, for a single domain with specified insertion position, cleans erroneously extended PSI-BLAST alignments to generate better profiles.Availability: HangOut is implemented in Python 2.3 and runs on all Unix-compatible platforms. The source code is available under the GNU GPL license at http://prodata.swmed.edu/HangOut/Contact: kim@chop.swmed.edu; grishin@chop.swmed.eduSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Exercise stroke volume and heart rate response differ in right and left heart failure
Authors: Groepenhoff Herman , Westerhof Nico , Jacobs Wouter , Boonstra Anco , Postmus Piet E. , Vonk‐Noordegraaf Anton 
Published: April 2010

AimsIn pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), the exercise‐induced increase in stroke volume (SV) is limited by the increase in pulmonary artery pressure. In left heart failure (LHF), systemic arterial pressure increases little during exercise, and the SV increase is limited by the left ventricle itself. These differences might be reflected by a dissimilar SV and heart rate (HR) response to exercise, which could have important therapeutic implications, for example in beta‐blocker therapy. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that SV and HR responses during exercise are different between PAH and LHF patients.Methods and resultsWe included 28 PAH and 18 LHF patients (recruited from the heart failure unit) matched on a maximal oxygen uptake of <15 mL/kg/min, who were referred to our Pulmonary Function Department between 2000 and 2008 for a maximal cardio‐pulmonary exercise test. Only patients who had not been exposed to beta‐blockers were included. Pulmonary arterial hypertension and LHF patient groups had equally impaired exercise tolerance (about 42% of predicted) with a maximal oxygen uptake of 0.80 ± 0.29 and 0.86 ± 0.19 L/min. The peak SV response to exercise was significantly lower in PAH patients (−14 mL, P = 0.01); this was compensated by a steeper slope of HR relating to oxygen uptake (0.03 beats/mL, P = 0.001).ConclusionWe conclude that PAH patients have a smaller SV response, but a larger HR response than LHF patients.
The diagnosis and management of haemorrhoidal disease from a global perspective
Authors: ABRAMOWITZ L. , WEYANDT G. H. , HAVLICKOVA B. , MATSUDA Y. , DIDELOT J.‐M. , ROTHHAAR A. , SOBRADO C. , SZABADI A. , VITALYOS T. , WIESEL P. 
Published: April 2010

SummaryBackground  A treatment approach for patients with haemorrhoidal disease and other anal disease, which includes the use of topical corticosteroids and other topical combination products, is widely accepted, but little has been published to compare such treatments. This publication is a valuable collection of reading material for gastroenterologists, proctologists, general practitioners, dermatologists and other clinicians who are responsible for diagnosing and managing patients with haemorrhoidal disease.Aims  To review and collect existing treatment approaches for haemorrhoidal disease, by reviewing global experience from clinicians that will contribute towards improving best practice in the management of patients.Methods  The articles include overviews of haemorrhoidal disease, differential diagnosis, topical treatment and surgical practices and patient outcomes. Case studies further reinforce treatments from individual specialists.Results  The articles between them address the classification of haemorrhoids, dermatological differential diagnoses of anal and perianal disease, and the therapeutic management of different haemorrhoidal diseases including invasive surgical and non‐invasive topical combination treatments. The case studies indicate the positive impact of appropriate treatment in everyday clinical practice.Conclusion  This publication will reinforce best practice in the causative and symptomatic treatment of haemorrhoidal disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 31 (Suppl. 1), 1–58
Body mass index, chronic atrophic gastritis and heartburn: a population‐based study among 8936 older adults from Germany
Authors: Gao L. , Weck M. N. , Rothenbacher D. , Brenner H. 
Published: April 2010

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 32: 296–302SummaryBackground  Obesity and overweight have been positively related to gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GERD). It has been suggested that this relationship is as a consequence of an increased gastric acid reflux, which is caused by an enhanced intra‐abdominal pressure.Aim  To assess potential interaction of the association between body mass index (BMI) and GERD by chronic atrophic gastritis, which goes along with decreased acid production.Methods  In the baseline examination of ESTHER, a study conducted in 9953 older adults in Saarland, information on frequency of heartburn, potential risk factors and medical history was obtained by self‐administered standardized questionnaire. Serological measurements of pepsinogen I and II were taken for definition of chronic atrophic gastritis.Results  In total, 2565 (28.7%) of the included subjects experienced heartburn within the previous 4 weeks. A pronounced dose‐response relationship was observed between BMI and heartburn occurrence (P < 0.001) among people without chronic atrophic gastritis, but not among people with chronic atrophic gastritis (P‐value for interaction = 0.018). Obese/overweight people with chronic atrophic gastritis had a much lower risk of heartburn compared with obese/overweight people without chronic atrophic gastritis (OR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.24–0.40).Conclusion  Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that BMI is related positively to GERD symptoms by its impact on acid reflux.