bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cupular organs in two species of Corella (Tunicata: Ascidiacea)
Authors: Mackie George O. , Singla C. L. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Simple cupular organs similar to those described in Ciona intestinalis were observed in Corella eumyota. They consist of a macula containing the cell bodies of 20–30 primary sensory neurons whose cilia project into a dome‐ or finger‐shaped structure, the cupula. Rather than being found in the mantle lining as in C. intestinalis, the organs were located on the atrial surface of the branchial sac. The sensory innervation was examined in whole‐mount preparations using anti‐tubulin immunohistochemistry. Sensory neurons in C. eumyota showed no immunoreactivity with antisera raised against gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH).A novel, elongated sense organ termed the cupular strand was found in Corella inflata. It has the same basic components as the simple type of cupular organ but consists of a single, long structure containing ∼1500 sensory cells. Located on the atrial surface of the branchial sac, it extends along the midline of the dorsal fold, from the gonoduct openings almost as far as the brain. Preparations were examined using optical and electron microscopy. Nerves and cilia were visualized by anti‐tubulin immunofluorescence microscopy. It was possible to follow the sensory axons from the macula of the cupular strand to points where they joined branches of the visceral nerve, which enters a nerve root at the back of the brain.In C. inflata the sensory cell bodies and their axons were immunoreactive not only with anti‐tubulin but also with an antiserum raised against Tunicate I GnRH. There was no immunoreactivity, however, with Chicken II and catfish GnRH antisera. All three GnRH antisera labeled the dorsal strand plexus, a structure associated with production of GnRH in its role as a reproductive hormone. We concluded that the GnRH‐like molecule labeled in sensory neurons differs from the form of GnRH found in the dorsal strand plexus, and may have a different function, perhaps in the neural control of ciliary activity.The function of the cupular organs in species of Corella has not yet been investigated physiologically, but by analogy with such structures in other metazoans, cupular organs are probably hydrodynamic sensors registering local disturbances or changes in water flow through the atrial cavity.
Discovering Resources—Making Global Connections, International Networking
Authors: Affara Fadwa , Cross Sue , Schober Madrean 
Published: August 2010

PurposeTo describe the key objectives, aims, activities and vision for the International Nurse Practitioner/Advanced Practice Nursing Network (INP/PNN).Data SourcesSelected publications and documents, personal experience, and commentary.ConclusionsAdvanced practice nursing and NP roles are prevalent in the United States and are now emerging in numerous countries throughout the world. There is a heightened interest among APNs and NPs internationally to share knowledge, expertise, and resources to enhance the presence of nursing in primary healthcare worldwide. The INP/APNN proposes to be an option for supporting the diversity of interna‐tional networking in this field.Implications for PracticeNurse practitioner and APN roles are emerging globally. Globalization and global health issues impact all health care practitioners. Collaboration, partnering, and networking have the potential of enhancing and advancing practice for both experienced practitioners and countries that are initiating APN roles.
Esophageal Motor Disorders: Achalasia and Esophageal Spasm
Authors: Schumann Lorna , Strader Susan Lee 
Published: August 2010

PurposeTo define the esophageal motor disorders of achalasia and esophageal spasms and describe their presentation in the clinical setting.Data SourcesSelected research‐based articles, textbooks, and expert opinion. A case study is presented.ConclusionsThe presentation of esophageal motor disorders may not be clear, particularly when the presenting symptom is chest pain. Determining whether the pain is cardiac or digestive in origin is crucial.Implications for PracticeProgressive dysphagia for both solids and liquids is the major symptom of achalasia; other symptoms include regurgitation, chest pain, and nocturnal cough. Diffuse esophageal spasm typically causes substernal chest pain with nonprogressive dysphagia and odynophagia for both liquids and solids. Dysphagia related to esophageal motility is characterized by a sensation of swallowed food “sticking” in the throat or chest; there is no problem initiating the act of swallowing.
Partners for NP Education: The 1999 AANP Preceptor and Faculty Survey
Authors: Amella Elaine J. , Brown Linda , Resnick Barbara , McArthur Donna Behler 
Published: August 2010

PurposeTo increase understanding of national trends in nurse practitioner (NP) clinical education, the Education Committee of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners (AANP) con‐ducted a survey at the 1999 National AANP Conference in Atlanta.Data SourcesA convenience sample of preceptors (n=87) and faculty (n=42) out of the total attendance of 1,744 responded to a written questionnaire.ConclusionsPreceptor respondents provided data concern‐ing the number of NP students supervised, influence of student supervision on productiv‐ity, and availability of incentives for precept‐ing. Faculty reported placement and supervi‐sion issues, the extent of precepting in their clinical practice site, and recognition and sup‐port for this role. Faculty and preceptors dis‐agreed about the types and number of incen‐tives offered for accepting students as well as the congruence of clinical teaching activities and national teaching guidelines. Precepting did not appear to strongly influence preceptor productivity. External funding did not influ‐ence opportunities for clinical education.Implications for PracticeIn 1998, the graduates of NP programs rose by 15.8% and over half of all nursing students enrolled in graduate nursing programs were seeking a NP education. This increase in stu‐dents may compromise the ability of schools of nursing to insure quality clinical education of NP students by increasing faculty workload and placing greater demands on expert precep‐tors in the community. Clinical education is also changing in light of changes in the health care system.
Improving Compliance in Your Dyslipidemic Patient: An Evidence‐based Approach
Authors: Becker Diane M. , Allen Jerilyn K. 
Published: August 2010

PurposeTo synthesize the evidence from landmark clinical studies of lipid‐lowering pharma‐cotherapy and nurse management of hyperlipidemia, discuss issues related to nonadherence, and proposes strategies for achieving long‐term cholesterol control.Data SourcesAll publications of lipid‐lowering clinical trials related to pharmacotherapy for dyslipidemias were accessed from a thorough Medline Search and reviewed by two nurse experts.ConclusionsRandomized controlled studies provide com‐pelling evidence that reduction of blood cho‐lesterol with pharmacotherapy reduces both first and subsequent coronary events. Nonetheless, inadequate provider and patient adherence to guidelines for lipid lowering remains prevalent. Studies show that nurses provide safe and effective care for patients with abnormal lipids.ImplicationsThis article assists nurse practitioners in playing an active role in the implementation of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III Report to be released in Spring 2001, where a strong emphasis will be placed on multidisciplinary approaches and adherence.
Hepatic Hydrothorax: A Retrospective Case Study
Authors: Jones Elizabeth Geiger 
Published: August 2010

PurposeTo present the pathophysiology, differential diagnoses, assessment techniques, and treatment options for hepatic hydrothorax.Data SourcesA case study is presented with supporting material from current medical literature.ConclusionsHepatic hydrothorax is a pleural effusion caused by the flow of ascitic fluid into the pleural space through an actual defect in the diaphragm. Successful outcomes depend on early detection and timely referral of often‐subtle lung involvement.Implications for PracticeAlthough incidence is reported to be as high as 12% in cirrhotic patients, standard medical references attach little importance to pul‐monary risks in this population. Hepatic hydrothorax should always be considered in the cirrhotic patient with a pleural effusion.
Ovarian Cancer Strategies for Nurse Practitioners
Authors: Seiser Barbara V. 
Published: August 2010

PurposeTo review and outline practical strategies for the effective detection and prevention of ovarian cancer.Data sourcesSelected scientific literature, government consensus findings, and the author's experience.ConclusionsOvarian cancer is the fourth most common cause of cancer death in American women, ranking behind lung, breast, and colorectal cancer. Seventy‐five percent of ovarian cancers are currently diagnosed at an advanced stage.Implications for practiceNo cost‐effective screening methods are currently available. The battle to beat ovarian cancer is based on four strategies: identification of risk factors, appropriate screening methods, early detection, and prevention.
Depression in Post‐Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients
Authors: Thornton Lori A. 
Published: August 2010

PurposeTo identify strategies for nurse practitioners to diagnose and treat depression following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and prevent sub‐sequent cardiac events.Data sourcesSelected articles in the medical and psychiatric literature and government consensus guidelines.ConclusionsBetween 8% and 45% of patients who have suffered an AMI exhibit symptoms of major depression. Depression is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and causes higher morbidity and mortality rates among patients with coronary artery disease.Implications for practiceEarly diagnosis and aggressive treatment are crucial to reducing cardiac related morbidity and mortality. Cardiac rehabilitation pro‐grams, psychotherapy and counseling, and pharmacotherapy are effective in the management of AMI depression.
Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Primary Care Approach
Authors: Browning Mary Ann 
Published: August 2010

PurposeTo provide primary care providers with guidelines on the evaluation, diagnosis and management of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Data sourcesResearch‐based articles in the medical literature, review articles, and clinical practice guidelines.ConclusionRheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects mainly synovial joints. Diagnosis is based primarily on clinical examination. Clinical criteria developed by the American Rheumatism Association can help the primary care provider recognize this potentially devastating disease and facilitate early referral to a rheumatologist for treatment.Implications for Practice:Patients with RA should be treated early and aggressively. Laboratory tests are not essential to confirm the diagnosis of RA. The clinical usefulness of the rheumatoid factor could be increased by restricting the test to patients who have a high probability of RA based on clinical symptoms.
Proper Use of Skin Adhesives for Wound Repair
Authors: Knight Joe 
Published: August 2010

PURPOSETo describe the proper application of tissue adhesive for wound closure in the clinical setting.DATA SOURCESProduct information and clinical experience of the authorCONCLUSIONSA thin film of adhesive that extends at least one‐half centimeter on each side of the opposed wound edges provides the best coverage. Avoid seepage into the wound and runoff onto surrounding tissue to prevent complications.IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICEProper application assures the best results. Patient information is provided to assure adequate healing.
Brainstem Conundrum: The Chiari I Malformation
Authors: Mueller Diane 
Published: August 2010

PURPOSETo describe the Chairi I Malformation in relation to the anatomy of the brain and spinal cord, the common manifestations of the condition, diagnostic considerations, and management for the primary care provider.DATA SOURCESExtensive review of the world‐wide scientific literature on the condition, supplemented with actual case studies.CONCLUSIONSThe adult Chairi I Malformation is an insidious congenital brainstem anomaly that consists of caudal displacement of the cerebellar tonsils, brainstem and fourth ventricle into the upper cervical space, resulting in overcrowding of the posterior fossa.IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICEDue to the vague, and often ambiguous presenting symptoms of Chiari I Malformation, many patients are misdiagnosed with conditions such as multiple sclerosis, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, or psychiatric disorders. Patients frequently experience symptoms months to years prior to accurate diagnosis and often incur irreversible neurologic deficits.
A Military Challenge to Managing Feminine and Personal Hygiene
Authors: Wardell Diane Wind , Czerwinski Barbara 
Published: August 2010

PURPOSETo examine the personal remembrances of a group of military women concerning their experiences with hygiene issues during service in a hostile environment.DATA SOURCESVerbatim transcripts of focused interviews from 33 women who had been deployed to combat or the field were subjected to content analysis. Questions related to the womens' experiences in cleansing the body, collecting menses waste, and protecting against genitourinary infection in a hostile environment.CONCLUSIONSManagement of personal hygiene needs was often difficult and consumed a great deal of time. Hygiene issues affected women's attitudes, practice, work, morale and coping.IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICEBy understanding the hygiene needs and practices of military woman changes can be made that have the potential to affect health promotion and disease prevention strategies for all women.
Allergic Rhinitis: A Growing Primary Care Challenge
Authors: Hayden Mary Lou , Schumann Lorna 
Published: August 2010

PurposeTo describe the growing problem of allergic rhinitis (AR) and the latest recommendations on its diagnosis and management for the nurse practitioner (NP) in primary care settings.Data SourcesRecent clinical research, review articles and consensus guidelines, and the author's clinical experience.ConclusionsThe prevalence of AR is increasing, possibly due to increased airborne pollutants, poor ven‐tilation, and rising levels of indoor allergens. Allergic disease is systemic and rarely involves a single symptom. Treatments include reducing exposure to allergens as well as pharma‐cotherapy.Implications for PracticePatient education is crucial for successful management and includes understanding the aller‐gic basis of symptoms, reducing allergen expo‐sure, understanding proper use of medications, and reassessing the plan on a regular basis.
Primary Healthcare Provider's Lost Opportunity To Help Abused Women
Authors: Willson Pam , Cesario Sandra , Fredland Nina , Walsh Terri , McFarlane Judith , Gist Julia , Malecha Ann , Schultz Pamela N. 
Published: August 2010

PurposeTo determine how often primary care providers have the opportunity to assess and intervene for intimate partner violence (IPV) in a population of women who are known to be experiencing IPV.Data SourcesA convenience sample of 149 abused women presenting to the justice system for protection orders or to file assault charges against an intimate partner were interviewed about the date and reason for her last healthcare visit, whether she had been screened for IPV, and the presence of selected conditions, medication use, and hospitalizations.ConclusionsAlthough 86% (n=128) of the women had sought healthcare services within the previous year, only 24% (n=36) had been assessed for IPV.Implications for PracticeAbused women use healthcare services at higher rates and have more health conditions than non‐abused women. Despite recommendations of professional organizations, health providers have low rates of screening for IPV. Universal screening for IPV by nurse practitioners could substantially interrupt ongoing abuse.
Original Article: Highly conserved cross‐reactive CD4+ T‐cell HA‐epitopes of seasonal and the 2009 pandemic influenza viruses
Authors: Duvvuri Venkata R. S. K. , Moghadas Seyed M. , Guo Hongbin , Duvvuri Bhargavi , Heffernan Jane M. , Fisman David N. , Wu Gillian E. , Wu Jianhong 
Published: August 2010

Please cite this paper as: Duvvuri et al. (2010) Highly conserved cross‐reactive CD4+ T‐cell HA‐epitopes of seasonal and the 2009 pandemic influenza viruses. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 4(5), 249–258.Background The relatively mild nature of the 2009 influenza pandemic (nH1N1) highlights the overriding importance of pre‐existing immune memory. The absence of cross‐reactive antibodies to nH1N1 in most individuals suggests that such attenuation may be attributed to pre‐existing cellular immune responses to epitopes shared between nH1N1 virus and previously circulating strains of inter‐pandemic influenza A viruses.Results We sought to identify potential CD4+ T cell epitopes and predict the level of cross‐reactivity of responding T cells. By performing large‐scale major histocompatibility complex II analyses on Hemagglutinin (HA) proteins, we investigated the degree of T‐cell cross‐reactivity between seasonal influenza A (sH1N1, H3N2) from 1968 to 2009 and nH1N1 strains. Each epitope was examined against all the protein sequences that correspond to sH1N1, H3N2, and nH1N1. T‐cell cross‐reactivity was estimated to be 52%, and maximum conservancy was found between sH1N1 and nH1N1 with a significant correlation (P < 0·05).Conclusions Given the importance of cellular responses in kinetics of influenza infection in humans, our findings underscore the role of T‐cell assays for understanding the inter‐pandemic variability in severity and for planning treatment methods for emerging influenza viruses.
Acacia glaucescens, “River Myall or “Sally Wattle Proved Poisonous to Stock.*
Authors: Seddon H. R. , White H. C. 
Published: August 2010

Summary.Mortality in cattle has been attributed to the eating of Acacia glaucescens, “river myall” or “sally wattle” and this tree has been shown by animal experiment to be toxic for sheep, cattle and pigs. It is to be regarded as a highly toxic plant. Experiments indicated that such toxicity was due to cyanogenetic properties in the tree and this has been confirmed by Mr. Finnemore, of Sydney.Further work on this and other acacias is being conducted under the Poison Plants Committee of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research.
ASSESSMENT OF THE CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS NUTRITION IN HORSES BY ANALYSIS OF URINE
Authors: Caple I. W. , Doake P. A. , Ellis P. G. 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARY Studies were made to determine if a practical assessment of the calcium and phosphorus nutrition of horses could be obtained from an analysis of urine samples. The concentrations of Ca and P in urine samples changed markedly when groups of 4 mares were fed diets containing from 1.0 to 3.9 g Ca/kg and from 1.5 to 6.1 g P/kg, but serum concentrations of Ca and P remained relatively constant. The concentrations in single urine samples were considered unreliable indicators of excretion of the minerals because of variations in water excretion, and two methods to overcome this problem were examined. In one method, the creatinine clearance ratios (%Cr) of Ca and P were calculated. The other method was simpler, and concentrations of the minerals were expressed as the ratio of the total solute concentration. Both of these methods appeared to give reliable estimates of the excretion of Ca and P in urine, and there were significant relationships between the values obtained for horses fed diets containing a wide range of Ca and P.When the horses were fed adequate Ca, the Ca‐%Cr was greater than 2.5% and P‐%Cr was less than 4%. The corresponding ratios of mineral concentration to solute concentration were greater than 15 μmole Ca/mosmole and less than 15 μmole P/mosmole. When a low Ca (1.0 g/kg) and high P (4 g/kg) diet was fed, the excretion of Ca and P had changed markedly after 3 days and could be monitored in single samples of urine by either method.It was concluded that a practical assessment of the Ca and P nutrition of horses could be obtained from an analysis of urine samples to determine if the diet is either low, adequate or high in Ca, and high in P.
Articles
Authors: BELL ET , TORIBIO JALML , WHITE JD , MALIK R , NORRIS JM 
Published: August 2010

ObjectivesTo establish the seroprevalence of Feline Coronavirus (FCoV) infection in two defined groups of cats in Sydney: owned and feral cats; ii) to identify factors associated with an increased risk of infection with FCoV; and iii) to establish the seroprevalence and FCoV antibody titres of owned cats with immunohistochemically confirmed feline infectious peritonitis (FIP).DesignProspective multi‐institutional cross sectional study.ProcedureSerum samples from owned cats presented to three inner city veterinary clinics in Sydney and feral cats from a colony in South Western Sydney over an 11‐month period were tested for FCoV antibodies using the Immunocomb test kit. The relationship between serological score and six major factors (breed, age, gender, number of cats per household, living environment and health status) in the owned cat sample population was analysed and compared to cats with FIP.ResultsThe seroprevalence of FCoV infection in the sample population of owned and feral cats was 34% and 0%, respectively. The median Immunocomb scores of DSH, Persian, Siamese and Devon Rex cats were significantly lower than that of Burmese, BSH, Abyssinian, Birman, Ragdoll and Russian Blue. The median Immunocomb score of pedigree cats less than 2 years‐of‐age was significantly higher than for pedigree cats greater than 2 years‐of‐age. This distinction was not evident in DSH cats in these age groups. The number of cats per household at the time of blood collection had a strong positive association with Immunocomb score. The median Immunocomb score of cats with immunohistochemically confirmed FIP was significantly higher than cats in the sample population of owned cats but there was sufficient overlap between these two groups to make definitive diagnosis of FIP by serology impossible.ConclusionThis represents the first seroprevalence study of FCoV in Australia. The major determinants of antibody score of owned cats identified in this study were breed, age and the number of cats per household. The significant relationship between the breed of the cat and the FCoV antibody titre further supports the notion, proposed previously by the authors, that breed related differences exist in the immunological response to FCoV infection.
Anthropometric measurements of the scapula, humerus, radius and ulna in Labrador dogs with and without elbow dysplasia
Authors: Davidson PT , Bullock‐Saxton J , Lisle A 
Published: August 2010

Objective To determine if anthropometric measurements of the Labrador scapula, humerus, ulna and radius, or their ratios, are related to the presence of elbow dysplasia (ED).Methods Digital calliper measurements of the lengths of the left scapula, humerus, radius and ulna, and their ratios, were analysed by gender in 103 volunteer Labradors (41 dogs, 62 bitches) against the ED radiological scores derived by the International Elbow Working Group (IEWG). The IEWG score is an umbrella score used to classify for ED and includes fragmented coronoid process, osteochondritis dessicans, incongruity and ununited anconeal process, the last of which occurs rarely in Labradors.Results Of the 103 Labradors studied, 31 were diagnosed radiographically with ED (20 bitches (32%), 11 (27%) dogs). Scapula length was significantly shorter for bitches with ED (P = 0.02), but not for dogs with ED. However, dogs showed a trend for a difference in the ulna:radius ratio (P = 0.06), which bitches did not. Although a greater percentage of bitches than dogs had ED in this study, the difference was not statistically significant.Conclusions Labrador bitches diagnosed with ED have a shorter scapula, which is a new finding associated with this condition. The difference in presentation associated with gender is unexpected and further research is recommended.