bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative detection of changes in the leaf‐mesophyll tonoplast proteome in dependency of a cadmium exposure of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) plants
Authors: Schneider Thomas , Schellenberg Maja , Meyer Stefan , Keller Felix , Gehrig Peter , Riedel Kathrin , Lee Youngsook , Eberl Leo , Martinoia Enrico 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAlthough the vacuole is the most important final store for toxic heavy metals like cadmium (Cd2+), our knowledge on how they are transported into the vacuole is still insufficient. It has been suggested that Cd2+ can be transported as phytochelatin‐Cd2+ by an unknown ABC transporter or in exchange with protons by cation/proton exchanger (CAX) transporters. To unravel the contribution of vacuolar transporters to Cd2+ detoxification, a quantitative proteomics approach was performed. Highly purified vacuoles were isolated from barley plants grown under minus, low (20 μM), and high (200 μM) Cd2+ conditions and protein levels of the obtained tonoplast samples were analyzed using isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ™). Although 56 vacuolar transporter proteins were identified, only a few were differentially expressed. Under low‐Cd2+ conditions, an inorganic pyrophosphatase and a γ‐tonoplast intrinsic protein (γ‐TIP) were up‐regulated, indicating changes in energization and water fluxes. In addition, the protein ratio of a CAX1a and a natural resistance‐associated macrophage protein (NRAMP), responsible for vacuolar Fe2+ export was increased. CAX1a might play a role in vacuolar Cd2+ transport. An increase in NRAMP activity leads to a higher cytosolic Fe2+ concentration, which may prevent the exchange of Fe2+ by toxic Cd2+. Additionally, an ABC transporter homolog to AtMRP3 showed up‐regulation. Under high Cd2+ conditions, the plant response was more specific. Only a protein homologous to AtMRP3 that showed already a response under low Cd2+ conditions, was up‐regulated. Interestingly, AtMRP3 is able to partially rescue a Cd2+‐sensitive yeast mutant. The identified transporters are good candidates for further investigation of their roles in Cd2+ detoxification.
Complementary and alternative medicine inclusion in physical therapist education in the United States
Authors: Geigle Paula Richley , Galantino Mary Lou 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPurpose. The purpose of this study was to determine the current prevalence, and at what level, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) content is included in physical therapist (PT) education in the United States. This survey study provides self‐report data regarding reasons why faculty members choose to include or not include CAM into programme content. Background/Significance. This study investigates the current prevalence of CAM content, and what level of inclusion (minimal, moderate, advanced) in PT curricula will assist programmes as they modify existing curricula and develop new programmes. Subjects. All 196 US‐accredited programmes were included in our survey. Materials and Methods. An IRB‐approved (Investigational Review Board), pilot‐tested, two‐page survey was emailed to all programme chairpersons of accredited PT programmes. A hard copy survey was mailed to non‐responding programmes. Analyses. Returned surveys were analyzed descriptively to characterize the data shape, tendency and variability. Data were summarized in a frequency distribution and graphically depicted in a histogram for each category. In addition, qualitative analysis was completed for the explanatory data. Results. Forty‐seven per cent (92) of all accredited PT programmes (196) responded. Most commonly included CAM areas were: manipulative and body‐based methods, alternative medical systems and biologically based therapies. Most frequent responses to limitations to including CAM in PT curriculum were: limited curriculum time, lack of evidence supporting CAM practices and trouble locating qualified CAM presenters. Conclusions. This survey suggests the following: CAM techniques are included in entry‐level PT education in the United States; the majority of these techniques are offered at the minimum or exposure level; manipulative and body‐based methods, alternative medical systems and biologically based therapies are the most frequently included CAM techniques. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Temperature variation of radiative recombination rate of electron‐hole pairs responsible for defect photoluminescence in a‐Si:H
Authors: Ogihara C. , Morigaki K. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractLifetime distribution and characteristic lifetime of the defect photoluminescence (PL) in a‐Si:H have been obtained by means of frequency resolved spectroscopy at various temperatures in the range of 10‐200 K. Temperature variation of the radiative recombination rate has been obtained from the intensities and the characteristic lifetimes. The results obtained for the a‐Si:H films as grown and after prolonged illumination have been compared. Thermal quenching of the defect PL becomes more significant after illumination. However the decrease of lifetime with raising temperature becomes less significant after illumination. Increase of the radiative recombination rate with increasing temperature, which is significantly observed above 100 K, becomes less significant after the illumination, indicating that the illumination causes the increase of the density of strongly localised tail states. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
High temperature measurement using luminescence of Pr3+ doped YAG and Ho3+ doped CaF2
Authors: Kamma Indumathi , Kommidi Praveena , Reddy B. Rami 
Published: April 2009

AbstractCalibration plots have been developed for temperature sensing by measuring luminescence from Pr3+ doped YAG and Ho3+ doped CaF2. 1D2 lifetime of Pr3+ doped YAG decreased linearly from 187 μs to 110 μs as the sample temperature was changed from 20 °C to 1000 °C. 5F5 lifetime of Ho3+ doped CaF2 varied linearly from 380 μs to 188 μs as the sample temperature was changed from 20 °C to 1000 °C. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Spectrally‐resolved transient grating signals from β‐carotene in benzene solution
Authors: Sugisaki Mitsuru , Fujiwara Masazumi , Nair Selvakumar V. , Ruda Harry E. , Cogdell Richard J. , Hashimoto Hideki 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe vibronic coherence of β‐carotene in benzene has been investigated by means of transient grating spectroscopy using sub 20‐fs optical pulses. The coherent oscillations with a period of a few tens of femtoseconds have been clearly observed, which reflect the C‐C and C=C stretching modes and the C‐CH3 rocking mode of the polyene backbone. We found that the signal is very sensitive to the excitation wavelength. Calculations based on a Brownian oscillator model were performed. We show that the experimental results are well explained by properly considering the excitation pulse shapes. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Direct surface patterning of homogeneous and nanostructured chalcogenide layers
Authors: Takats Viktor , Miller Floyd , Jain Himanshu , Cserhati Csaba , Kokenyesi Sandor 
Published: April 2009

AbstractInvestigations of direct one‐step optical recording of surface optical and geometrical patterns in homogeneous and nanostructured chalcogenide layers were extended towards e‐beam recording. Our aim was to establish the common features of the two processes, and to develop some optimum materials for prototypic micro‐ and nanosized elements for optoelectronics. Experiments were conducted on Se/As2S3 and Sb/As2S3 nanolayered structures (NLS) as well as on uniform Se, Sb and As2S3 layers. Both green laser light (λ = 535 nm) and e‐beam (5‐20 pA, 10‐30 keV) induced bleaching in all NLS. The optical change was more efficient in Sb‐containing NLS. In contrast, volume expansion occurred only in chalcogenide‐chalcogenide NLS and the homogeneous Se or As2S3 layers. Its magnitude was larger for the NLS (Δd /d ≥10%); no volume change was detected in Sb layer. A comparison of the two types of recording revealed the role of interdiffusion and induced free volume aggregation in a giant relief formation under the increased fluidity conditions. It was shown that these effects could be used to fabricate micro lenses, amplitude‐phase optical modulating and guiding elements. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Studying the microscopic clusters involving N in dilute GaIn(Al)NAs alloys via local mode spectroscopy and computer simulation
Authors: Talwar Devki N. , Wood Joshua , Zhou Feng 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn the framework of a Green's function theory we report the results of our comprehensive study for the localized vibrational modes (LVMs) associated with microscopic clusters involving N, In and Ga in Ga1–xInx(Alx)NyAs1–y alloys. From the force variation correlation with the bond covalency for the closest mass acceptors CAs(a–) and isoelectronic NAs defects in III‐As we have obtained the corrected value of the interaction parameter for Al‐N bond predicting NAs local mode in AlAs (∼510 cm–1) at a higher frequency than that of GaAs:14N (∼471 cm–1). Various impurity complexes NAs‐Ga4; NAs‐InGa(1)‐Ga3 and NAs‐InGa(2)‐Ga2 are identified by comparing the calculated impurity modes with the existing infrared and Raman scattering spectroscopy data. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Amplified spontaneous emissions from π‐conjugate conductive polymer film: evanescent‐field modulation by a 1‐D photonic crystal substrate
Authors: Tomioka Akihiro , Kamiyama Yasushi , Ohno Yoshiyuki , Kosuge Yuki , Otani Kota 
Published: April 2009

AbstractOne‐dimensional photonic crystal (PC) with alternating layers of TiO2 and SiO2 was fabricated with spin coating and low temperature baking, resulting in a successful tuning of the PC stop band so as to block the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) of a π‐conjugate polymer film. Single PC as a substrate, not a cavity with two PC's, of the polymer film was sufficient to shift the tangential ASE to the energy at PC stop band edge, indicating that the tangential ASE propagating along the interface was modulated by its evanescent‐field tail in the PC, which opens a possibility for wide tuning of the coherent luminescence from an ultrathin π‐conjugate polymer film with ultimate mode volume. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Exchange‐coupled L10‐FePt/Fe composite patterns with perpendicular magnetization
Authors: Breitling A. , Bublat T. , Goll D. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractL10‐FePt and exchange‐coupled L10‐FePt/Fe composite films are grown epitaxially on MgO(001) single crystal substrates and are subsequently large‐area patterned utilizing an electron beam lithography process with Ar+ ion etching. The patterning process of the continuous film system leads to a different demagnetization behavior resulting in an increase of the out‐of‐plane coercivity of the patterned samples. Due to exchange‐coupling between L10‐FePt and Fe the coercivity of the L10‐FePt/Fe composite patterns is reduced by 52% as compared to the coercivity of L10‐FePt patterns. From the analysis of the temperature dependence of the coercivity it follows that the dots include regions with reduced anisotropy. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Correction
Authors: Cole T. J. , Stanojevic S. , Stocks J. , Coates A. L. , Hankinson J. L. , Wade A. M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe regret that the following acknowledgement was omitted in error from our paper ‘Age‐ and size‐related reference ranges: A case study of spirometry through childhood and adulthood’, by T. J. Cole, S. Stanojevic, J. Stocks, A. L. Coates, J. L. Hankinson and A. M. Wade (Statistics in Medicine 2009; 29:880–898): S.S. was funded by Asthma UK, Project ID 05/005.
A Boost of BMP4 Accelerates the Commitment of Human Embryonic Stem Cells to the Endothelial Lineage
Authors: Goldman Orit , Feraud Olivier , Boyer-Di Ponio Julie , Driancourt Catherine , Clay Denis , Le Bousse-Kerdiles Marie-Caroline , Bennaceur-Griscelli Annelise , Uzan Georges 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Embryoid bodies (EBs) generated during differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) contain vascular-like structures, suggesting that commitment of mesoderm progenitors into endothelial cells occurs spontaneously. We showed that bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), an inducer of mesoderm, accelerates the peak expression of CD133/kinase insert domain-containing receptor (KDR) and CD144/KDR. Because the CD133+KDR+ population could represent endothelial progenitors, we sorted them at day 7 and cultured them in endothelial medium. These cells were, however, unable to differentiate into endothelial cells. Under standard conditions, the CD144+KDR+ population represents up to 10% of the total cells at day 12. In culture, these cells, if sorted, give rise to a homogeneous population with a morphology typical of endothelial cells and express endothelial markers. These endothelial cells derived from the day 12 sorted population were functional, as assessed by different in vitro assays. When EBs were stimulated by BMP4, the CD144+KDR+ peak was shifted to day 7. Most of these cells, however, were CD31−, becoming CD31+ in culture. They then expressed von Willebrand factor and were functional. This suggests that, initially, the BMP4-boosted day 7, CD144+KDR+CD31− population represents immature endothelial cells that differentiate into mature endothelial cells in culture. The expression of OCT3/4, a marker of immaturity for hESCs decreases during EB differentiation, decreasing faster following BMP4 induction. We also show that BMP4 inhibits the global expression of GATA2 and RUNX1, two transcription factors involved in hemangioblast formation, at day 7 and day 12.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
miR-200 Regulates PDGF-D-Mediated Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition, Adhesion, and Invasion of Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Kong Dejuan , Li Yiwei , Wang Zhiwei , Banerjee Sanjeev , Ahmad Aamir , Kim Hyeong-Reh Choi , Sarkar Fazlul H. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
MicroRNAs have been implicated in tumor progression. Recent studies have shown that the miR-200 family regulates epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) by targeting zinc-finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) and ZEB2. Emerging evidence from our laboratory and others suggests that the processes of EMT can be triggered by various growth factors, such as transforming growth factor β and platelet-derived growth factor-D (PDGF-D). Moreover, we recently reported that overexpression of PDGF-D in prostate cancer cells (PC3 PDGF-D cells) leads to the acquisition of the EMT phenotype, and this model offers an opportunity for investigating the molecular interplay between PDGF-D signaling and EMT. Here, we report, for the first time, significant downregulation of the miR-200 family in PC3 PDGF-D cells as well as in PC3 cells exposed to purified active PDGF-D protein, resulting in the upregulation of ZEB1, ZEB2, and Snail2 expression. Interestingly, re-expression of miR-200b in PC3 PDGF-D cells led to reversal of the EMT phenotype, which was associated with the downregulation of ZEB1, ZEB2, and Snail2 expression, and these results were consistent with greater expression levels of epithelial markers. Moreover, transfection of PC3 PDGF-D cells with miR-200b inhibited cell migration and invasion, with concomitant repression of cell adhesion to the culture surface and cell detachment. From these results, we conclude that PDGF-D-induced acquisition of the EMT phenotype in PC3 cells is, in part, a result of repression of miR-200 and that any novel strategy by which miR-200 could be upregulated would become a promising approach for the treatment of invasive prostate cancer.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Regenerative Effects of Transplanted Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Fracture Healing
Authors: Granero-Moltó Froilán , Weis Jared A. , Miga Michael I. , Landis Benjamin , Myers Timothy J. , O'Rear Lynda , Longobardi Lara , Jansen E. Duco , Mortlock Douglas P. , Spagnoli Anna 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have a therapeutic potential in patients with fractures to reduce the time of healing and treat nonunions. The use of MSC to treat fractures is attractive for several reasons. First, MSCs would be implementing conventional reparative process that seems to be defective or protracted. Secondly, the effects of MSCs treatment would be needed only for relatively brief duration of reparation. However, an integrated approach to define the multiple regenerative contributions of MSC to the fracture repair process is necessary before clinical trials are initiated. In this study, using a stabilized tibia fracture mouse model, we determined the dynamic migration of transplanted MSC to the fracture site, their contributions to the repair process initiation, and their role in modulating the injury-related inflammatory responses. Using MSC expressing luciferase, we determined by bioluminescence imaging that the MSC migration at the fracture site is time- and dose-dependent and, it is exclusively CXCR4-dependent. MSC improved the fracture healing affecting the callus biomechanical properties and such improvement correlated with an increase in cartilage and bone content, and changes in callus morphology as determined by micro-computed tomography and histological studies. Transplanting CMV-Cre-R26R-Lac Z-MSC, we found that MSCs engrafted within the callus endosteal niche. Using MSCs from BMP-2-Lac Z mice genetically modified using a bacterial artificial chromosome system to be β-gal reporters for bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP-2) expression, we found that MSCs contributed to the callus initiation by expressing BMP-2. The knowledge of the multiple MSC regenerative abilities in fracture healing will allow design of novel MSC-based therapies to treat fractures.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Low Oxygen Enhances Primitive and Definitive Neural Stem Cell Colony Formation by Inhibiting Distinct Cell Death Pathways
Authors: Clarke Laura , van der Kooy Derek 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) can be derived from single mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in the absence of instructive factors. Clonal primitive NSC (pNSC) colonies are formed first, and then give rise to clonal, fibroblast growth factor-dependent definitive neural stem cells (dNSCs). We tested low-oxygen culture as a potential method of alleviating the extensive cell death seen in pNSCs and dNSCs. Culture in low (4%) oxygen promoted survival of pNSCs by inhibiting apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF)-dependent cell death, although pNSCs undergo both AIF- and caspase-mediated cell death in 20% oxygen. In contrast, survival of dNSCs in low oxygen was increased by inhibition of caspase-dependent cell death. In normoxia, AIF is implicated in promoting dNSC survival. Neither survival effect was dependent on the main transcriptional effector of hypoxia, hypoxia-inducible factor 1. Low-oxygen concentrations may be involved in expansion of early NSC populations by inhibiting cell death through different pathways in these sequential pNSC and dNSC populations.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Dopamine D2Highreceptors stimulated by phencyclidines, lysergic acid diethylamide, salvinorin A, and modafinil
Authors: Seeman Philip , Guan Hong‐Chang , Hirbec Hélène 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAlthough it is commonly stated that phencyclidine is an antagonist at ionotropic glutamate receptors, there has been little measure of its potency on other receptors in brain tissue. Although we previously reported that phencyclidine stimulated cloned‐dopamine D2Long and D2Short receptors, others reported that phencyclidine did not stimulate D2 receptors in homogenates of rat brain striatum. This study, therefore, examined whether phencyclidine and other hallucinogens and psychostimulants could stimulate the incorporation of [35S]GTP‐γ‐S into D2 receptors in homogenates of rat brain striatum, using the same conditions as previously used to study the cloned D2 receptors. Using 10 μM dopamine to define 100% stimulation, phencyclidine elicited a maximum incorporation of 46% in rat striata, with a half‐maximum concentration of 70 nM for phencyclidine, when compared with 80 nM for dopamine, 89 nM for salvinorin A (48 nM for D2Long), 105 nM for lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), 120 nM for R‐modafinil, 710 nM for dizocilpine, 1030 nM for ketamine, and >10,000 nM for S‐modafinil. These compounds also inhibited the binding of the D2‐selective ligand [3H]domperidone. The incorporation was inhibited by the presence of 200 μM guanylylimidodiphosphate and also by D2 blockade, using 10 μM S‐sulpiride, but not by D1 blockade with 10 μM SCH23390. Hypertonic buffer containing 150 mM NaCl inhibited the stimulation by phencyclidine, which may explain negative results by others. It is concluded that phencyclidine and other psychostimulants and hallucinogens can stimulate dopamine D2 receptors at concentrations related to their behavioral actions. Synapse 63:698–704, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Visualizing vesicular dopamine dynamics in Parkinson's disease
Authors: de la Fuente‐Fernández Raúl , Sossi Vesna , McCormick Siobhan , Schulzer Michael , Ruth Thomas J. , Stoessl A. Jon 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIt has been suggested that dopamine derived from exogenous levodopa may not follow vesicular dynamics in Parkinson's disease (PD). Using a novel PET method based on the sensitivity of [11C]‐dihydrotetrabenazine (DTBZ) binding to changes in vesicular dopamine levels, we show here that striatal [11C]‐DTBZ binding decreases after levodopa administration in advanced PD, likely reflecting an increase in vesicular dopamine levels. Endogenous dopamine and exogenously derived dopamine seem to follow the same vesicular dynamics. Synapse 63:713–716, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Glutamate agonists for treating schizophrenia have affinity for dopamine D2High and D3 receptors
Authors: Seeman Philip , Guan Hong‐Chang 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAlthough the glutamate agonist LY 404,039 has been used to treat schizophrenia, its closest congener LY 379,268 has an affinity for both glutamate and dopamine (DA) D2High receptors. Considering that all antipsychotics act on dopamine receptors, and considering that another laboratory reported that LY 379,268 did not have any affinity for the D2High receptor, it was necessary to examine whether such glutamate agonists have an affinity for D2 and D3 dopamine receptors in vitro. The present data show that 50–200 nM LY 379,268 inhibited the binding of [3H]domperidone and [3H](+)PHNO to cloned dopamine D2 receptors consistently and reproducibly by 16% with dissociation constants of 2.1 and 2.5 nM at D2High, respectively. In addition, LY 379,268 inhibited the binding of [3H]domperidone and [3H](+)PHNO to cloned dopamine D3 receptors with dissociation constants of 130 and 10 nM, respectively. LY 379,268 also inhibited the binding of [3H]domperidone to rat striata with a dissociation constant of 22 nM, predicting a clinical antipsychotic dose of 80–100 mg/day. LY 379,268 appears to act as an agonist at D2High and as an antagonist at D3, because guanine nucleotide eliminated the competition at D2High but had no effect on the competition at D3. The findings indicate that this type of glutamate agonist, LY 379,268, has a significant affinity for D2High and D3 receptors. Synapse 63:705–709, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.