bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Children's injuries in legislated types child‐care institutions
Authors: Kataoka Sachiko Yamamoto , Nozawa Sachiko , Mishina Hiroki , Kataoka Yuki , Takahashi Yoshimitsu , Nakayama Takeo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundSevere injuries in child‐care institutions are an important social issue. However, no reports on this matter have been made in Japan. This study examined trends in severe injuries at child‐care institutions, including the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic.MethodsWe conducted a serial cross‐sectional study and interrupted time‐series (ITS) analysis with a linear regression model to assess trends in the incidence rate of severe injuries using Japanese national open data between January or April 2017 and December 2021. Participants were individuals utilizing legislated types child‐care institutions. The outcomes were annual and monthly incidence rates of severe injuries in legislated types child‐care institutions.ResultsThe number of legislated types child‐care institutions increased from 32,793 facilities in 2017 to 38,666 facilities in 2021, and the number of participants rose from 2,802,228 in 2017 to 3,059,734 in 2021. The annual incidence rate of severe injuries in 2021 was 58.3 cases per 100,000 person‐years, which is twofold higher than that in 2017. The ITS for the monthly incidence rate demonstrated an increasing trend before the COVID‐19 pandemic.ConclusionsBefore the COVID‐19 pandemic, the monthly incidence rate of severe injuries in legislated types child‐care institutions increased. The annual incidence rate in Japan may have also increased during the observation period.
Reduced Intratendinous Sliding in Achilles Tendinopathy During Active Plantarflexion Regardless of Horizontal Foot Position
Authors: Lecompte Laura , Crouzier Marion , Bogaerts Stijn , Scheys Lennart , Vanwanseele Benedicte 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTPurposeThe Achilles tendon consists of three subtendons with the ability to slide relative to each other. As optimal intratendinous sliding is thought to reduce the overall stress in the tendon, alterations in sliding behavior could potentially play a role in the development of Achilles tendinopathy. The aims of this study were to investigate the difference in intratendinous sliding within the Achilles tendon during isometric contractions between asymptomatic controls and patients with Achilles tendinopathy and the effect of changing the horizontal foot position on intratendinous sliding in both groups.MethodsTwenty‐nine participants (13 Achilles tendinopathy and 16 controls) performed isometric plantarflexion contractions at 60% of their maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), in toes‐neutral, and at 30% MVC in toes‐neutral, toes‐in, and toes‐out positions during which ultrasound images were recorded. Intratendinous sliding was estimated as the superficial‐to‐middle and middle‐to‐deep relative displacement.ResultsPatients with Achilles tendinopathy present lower intratendinous sliding than asymptomatic controls. Regarding the horizontal foot position in both groups, the toes‐out foot position resulted in increased sliding compared with both toes‐neutral and toes‐out foot position.ConclusionWe provided evidence that patients with Achilles tendinopathy show lower intratendinous sliding than asymptomatic controls. Since intratendinous sliding is a physiological feature of the Achilles tendon, the external foot position holds promise to increase sliding in patients with Achilles tendinopathy and promote healthy tendon behavior. Future research should investigate if implementing this external foot position in rehabilitation programs stimulates sliding within the Achilles tendon and improves clinical outcome.
Membrane and organelle rearrangement during ascospore formation in budding yeast
Authors: Neiman Aaron M. 
Published: June 2024

SUMMARY

In ascomycete fungi, sexual spores, termed ascospores, are formed after meiosis. Ascospore formation is an unusual cell division in which daughter cells are created within the cytoplasm of the mother cell by
de novo
generation of membranes that encapsulate each of the haploid chromosome sets created by meiosis. This review describes the molecular events underlying the creation, expansion, and closure of these membranes in the budding yeast,
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
. Recent advances in our understanding of the regulation of gene expression and the dynamic behavior of different membrane-bound organelles during this process are detailed. While less is known about ascospore formation in other systems, comparison to the distantly related fission yeast suggests that the molecular events will be broadly similar throughout the ascomycetes.
Genomes of diverse Clostridia isolated from a spore forming community in mice that were associated with protection against metabolic syndrome and obesity
Authors: Weis Allison M. , Klag Kendra A. , Bell Rickeshia , Stephens W. Zac , Round June L. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Clostridia are common mammalian gut commensals with emerging roles in human health. Here, we describe 10 Clostridia genomes from a consortium of spore forming bacteria, shown to protect mice from metabolic syndrome. These genomes will provide valuable insight on the beneficial role of spore forming bacteria in the gut.
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data from the NEOLEV1 and NEOLEV2 studies
Authors: Sharpe Cynthia , Yang Derek Z , Haas Richard H , Reiner Gail E , Lee Lilly , Capparelli Edmund V 
Published: June 2024

ObjectivesTo confirm that levetiracetam (LEV) demonstrates predictable pharmacokinetics(PK) at higher doses and to study the pharmacodynamics(PD) of LEV.DesignPharmacokinetic data from the NEOLEV1 and NEOLEV2 trials were analysed using a non-linear mixed effects modelling approach. A post hoc analysis of the effect of LEV on seizure burden was conducted.SettingNeonatal intensive care unit.PatientsTerm neonates with electrographically confirmed seizures.InterventionsIn NEOLEV1, neonates with seizures persisting following phenobarbital (PHB) received LEV 20 or 40 mg/kg bolus followed by 5 or 10 mg/kg maintenance dose(MD) daily. In NEOLEV2, patients received a 40 mg/kg intravenous LEV load, followed by 10 mg/kg doses 8 hourly. If seizures persisted, a further 20 mg/kg intravenous load was given. If seizures persisted, PHB was given. PK data were collected from 16 NEOLEV1 patients and 33 NEOLEV2 patients. cEEG data from 48 NEOLEV2 patients were analysed to investigate onset of action and seizure burden reduction.Main outcome measuresClearance (CL) and volume of distribution (Vd) were determined. Covariates that significantly affected LEV disposition were identified.ResultsPrimary outcome: The median initial LEV level was 57 µg/mL (range 19–107) after the first loading dose and at least 12 µg/mL at 48 hours in all infants. CL and Vdwere estimated to be 0.0538 L/hour and 0.832 L, respectively. A direct relationship between postnatal age and CL was observed. The final population pharmacokinetic(PopPK) model described the observed data well without significant biases. CL and Vdwere described as CL (L/hour)=0.0538×(weight in kg/3.34)0.75×(postnatal age in days/5.5) 0.402 and Vd(L)=0.832×(weight in kg/3.34).Seizure burden reduced within 30 min of LEV administration. 28% of patients were completely seizure free after LEV. In an additional 25% of patients, seizure burden reduced by 50%.ConclusionsLEV pharmacokinetics remained predictable at higher doses. Very high-dose LEV can now be studied in neonates.Trial registration numberNCT01720667.
Cohort profile: the Johns Hopkins COVID Long Study (JHCLS)—a US nationwide prospective cohort study
Authors: Wentz Eryka , Ni Zhanmo , Yenokyan Karine , Vergara Candelaria , Pahwa Jessica , Kammerling Thea , Xiao Pu , Duggal Priya , Lau Bryan , Mehta Shruti H 
Published: June 2024

PurposeCOVID-19 continues to affect millions of individuals worldwide, both in the short and long term. The post-acute complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection, referred to as long COVID, result in diverse symptoms affecting multiple organ systems. Little is known regarding how the symptoms associated with long COVID progress and resolve over time. The Johns Hopkins COVID Long Study aims to prospectively examine the short-term and long-term consequences of COVID-19 in individuals both with and without a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection using self-reported data collected in an online survey.Participants16 764 adults with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection and 799 adults without a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection who completed an online baseline survey.Findings to dateThis cohort profile describes the baseline characteristics of the Johns Hopkins COVID Long Study. Among 16 764 participants with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection and defined long COVID status, 75% reported a very good or excellent health status prior to infection, 99% reported experiencing at least one COVID-19 symptom during the acute phase of infection, 9.9% reported hospitalisation and 63% were defined as having long COVID using the WHO definition.Future plansAnalysis of longitudinal data will be used to investigate the progression and resolution of long COVID symptoms over time.
Development and evaluation of an algorithm for peripheral venous catheter placement (ALCOV): protocol for a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Slosse Côme , Manneville Florian , Ricci Laetitia , Ostermann Amandine , Klein Sylvie , Bouaziz Hervé , Ambroise-Grandjean Gaëlle 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionMultiple punctures during peripheral venous catheter (PVC) placement increase the risk of complications. Scoring for adult difficult intravenous access (A-DIVA Scale) exists but has never been assessed in the framework of a care algorithm (scoring associated with a new decision-making tree for puncture conditions, the A-DIVA Tree). We seek to implement an catheter placement algorithm to decrease the mean number of punctures per patient. The algorithm will be adjusted based on obstacles and levers revealed by the analysis of clinical data. The benefits of the algorithm will be assessed using a step-by-step implementation of the approach.Methods and analysis794 PVC placements will be recorded in two inclusion centres (50%/50%). In phase I, 297 PVC placements will be collected, and 16 individual semistructured interviews will be conducted to evaluate the centres’ practices. In phase II, 200 PVC placements will be recorded to assess the impact of the A-DIVA Scale alone. The interphase will allow preliminary results based development of the A-DIVA Tree. In phase III, 297 PVC placements will be recorded to assess the impact of the algorithm on the mean number of punctures per patient.Ethics and disseminationThe study and related consent forms were approved by an institutional review board (Comité de Protection des Personnes Sud-Méditerranée I) on 25 April 2023 under reference number 2023-A00223-42. The results will be disseminated in the form of original articles, presentations and guidelines.Trial registration numberNCT05935228.
Performance ofCADM1, MALandmiR124-2methylation as triage markers for early detection of cervical cancer in self-collected and clinician-collected samples: an exploratory observational study in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Molano Monica , Machalek Dorothy A , Tan Grace , Garland Suzanne , Balgovind Prisha , Haqshenas Gholamreza , Munnull Gloria , Phillips Samuel , Badman Steven G , Bolnga John , Cornall Alyssa Marie , Gabuzzi Josephine , Kombati Zure , Brotherton Julia , Saville Marion , Hawkes David , Kaldor John , Toliman Pamela Josephine , Vallely Andrew John , Murray Gerald L 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveWHO recommends human papillomavirus (HPV) testing for cervical screening, with triage of high-risk HPV (hrHPV) positive women. However, there are limitations to effective triage for low-resource, high-burden settings, such as Papua New Guinea. In this exploratory study, we assessed the performance of host methylation as triage tools for predicting high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) in self-collected and clinician-collected samples.DesignExploratory observational study.SettingProvincial hospital, same-day cervical screen-and-treat trial, Papua New Guinea.Participants44 hrHPV+women, with paired self/clinician-collected samples (4 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), 19 HSIL, 4 low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, 17 normal).Primary and secondary outcome measuresMethylation levels ofCADM1, MALandmiR124-2analysed by methylation-specific PCRs against the clinical endpoint of HSIL or SCC (HSIL+) measured using liquid-based-cytology/p16-Ki67 stain.ResultsIn clinician-collected samples,MALandmiR124-2methylation levels were significantly higher with increasing grade of disease (p=0.0046 and p<0.0015, respectively).miR124-2was the best predictor of HSIL (area under the curve, AUC 0.819) whileMALof SCC (AUC 0.856). In self-collected samples,MALbest predicted HSIL (AUC 0.595) whilemiR124-2SCC (AUC 0.812). CombinedmiR124-2/MALmethylation yielded sensitivity and specificity for HSIL+ of 90.5% (95% CI 69.6% to 98.8%) and 70% (95% CI 45.7% to 88.1%), respectively, in clinician-collected samples, and 81.8% (95% CI 59.7% to 94.8%) and 47.6% (95% CI 25.7% to 70.2%), respectively, in self-collected samples.miR124-2/MALplus HPV16/HPV18 improved sensitivity for HSIL+ (95.2%, 95% CI 76.2% to 99.9%) but decreased specificity (55.0%, 95% CI 31.5% to 76.9%).ConclusionmiR124-2/MALmethylation is a potential triage strategy for the detection of HSIL/SCC in low-income and middle-income country.
Using mobile health to expedite access to specialty care for youth presenting to the emergency department with concussion at highest risk of developing persisting symptoms: a protocol paper for a non-randomised hybrid implementation-effectiveness trial
Authors: Corwin Daniel J , Godfrey Melissa , Arbogast Kristy B , Zorc Joseph J , Wiebe Douglas J , Michel Jeremy J , Barnett Ian , Stenger Kelsy M , Calandra Lindsey M , Cobb Justin , Winston Flaura K , Master Christina L 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionPaediatric concussion is a common injury. Approximately 30% of youth with concussion will experience persisting postconcussion symptoms (PPCS) extending at least 1 month following injury. Recently, studies have shown the benefit of early, active, targeted therapeutic strategies. However, these are primarily prescribed from the specialty setting. Early access to concussion specialty care has been shown to improve recovery times for those at risk for persisting symptoms, but there are disparities in which youth are able to access such care. Mobile health (mHealth) technology has the potential to improve access to concussion specialists. This trial will evaluate the feasibility of a mHealth remote patient monitoring (RPM)-based care handoff model to facilitate access to specialty care, and the effectiveness of the handoff model in reducing the incidence of PPCS.Methods and analysisThis study is a non-randomised type I, hybrid implementation-effectiveness trial. Youth with concussion ages 13–18 will be enrolled from the emergency department of a large paediatric healthcare network. Patients deemed a moderate-to-high risk for PPCS using the predicting and preventing postconcussive problems in paediatrics (5P) stratification tool will be registered for a web-based chat platform that uses RPM to collect information on symptoms and activity. Those patients with escalating or plateauing symptoms will be contacted for a specialty visit using data collected from RPM to guide management. The primary effectiveness outcome will be the incidence of PPCS, defined as at least three concussion-related symptoms above baseline at 28 days following injury. Secondary effectiveness outcomes will include the number of days until return to preinjury symptom score, clearance for full activity and return to school without accommodations. The primary implementation outcome will be fidelity, defined as the per cent of patients meeting specialty care referral criteria who are ultimately seen in concussion specialty care. Secondary implementation outcomes will include patient-defined and clinician-defined appropriateness and acceptability.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (IRB 22-019755). Study findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and disseminated at national and international meetings.Trial registration numberNCT05741411.
Estimated prevalence and associations of sexually transmissible bacterial enteric pathogens in asymptomatic men who have sex with men: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Richardson Daniel , Savary-Trathen Amber , Fitzpatrick Colin , Williams Deborah 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveThe reservoir of sexually transmissible bacterial enteric pathogens in asymptomatic men who have sex with men (MSM) may impact future outbreaks, and the evolution of antimicrobial resistance. We aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence and explore any factors associated withShigellaspp,Campylobacterspp, diarrhoeagenicEscherichia coliandSalmonellaspp in asymptomatic MSM using the random effects model.MethodsWe searched Embase, MEDLINE, CINAHL and Web of Science Core Collections for manuscripts published up to February 2024. One author screened citations and abstracts; two authors independently conducted a full-text review. We included manuscripts which measured the prevalence ofShigellaspp,Campylobacterspp, diarrhoeagenicE. coliandSalmonellaspp in asymptomatic MSM. Quality and risk of bias was assessed independently by two authors using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. We calculated pooled prevalence and CIs using the random effects model.ResultsSix manuscripts were included in the final review. The manuscripts were from Australia (n=2), the UK (n=2), the Netherlands (n=1) and the USA (n=1) and included data from 3766 asymptomatic MSM tested for bacterial enteric pathogens. The prevalence ofShigellaspp was 1.1% (95% CI 0.7% to 1.7%),Campylobacterspp 1.9% (95% CI 1.5% to 2.5%), diarrhoeagenicE. coli3.8% (95% CI 2.1% to 6.7%) andSalmonellaspp 0.3% (95% CI 0.1% to 0.6%). Two manuscripts demonstrated that the detection of bacterial enteric pathogen was more frequent in asymptomatic MSM using HIV-pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), living with HIV, reporting <5 new sexual partners in the past 3 months, reporting insertive oral-anal sex and group sex compared with MSM testing negative.ConclusionDespite a small number of manuscripts, this review has estimated the pooled prevalence, and highlighted some possible associations with sexually transmissible bacterial enteric pathogens in asymptomatic MSM, which can inform future clinical guidelines, public health control strategies and research to increase our understanding of transmission and the evolution of antimicrobial resistance.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42024518700.
Seawater impact on permeability of compacted bentonite–sand mixtures: role of montmorillonite content and its interlayer cations
Authors: Watanabe Yasutaka , Yokoyama Shingo , Shimbashi Misato , Yamamoto Yoichi , Goto Takahiro 
Published: June 2024

The impact of seawater (SW) on the permeability of compacted bentonite‒sand mixtures was investigated. The montmorillonite content ranged from 36% to 64%, and the ratio of the amount of extracted Na ions to the cation exchange capacity (Na/CEC) ranged from 0.01 to 0.84 for the six bentonites used in this study. The higher initial Na/CEC of the bentonite represented a large difference of ratio in the hydraulic conductivity between the SW and deionized water (DW) conditions ( kSW/ kDW). Only the bentonite with Na/CEC = 0.01 showed no difference in the hydraulic conductivity in SW and DW conditions ( kSW/ kDW = 1), indicating that the crystalline swelling state was maintained constantly. Regarding the crystalline swelling as the reference state, we defined the external pore by taking the difference between the total pore and interlayer space of montmorillonite. The approximate unique relationship between kSW/ kDW and the volume ratio of Ca- and Mg-montmorillonite to external pore was obtained. We found that the smaller volume of external pores, as well as the larger amount of interlayer Ca and Mg ions, played a key role in mitigating the impact of SW on the permeability of the compacted bentonite‒sand mixture.
Features and strategy influence performance on a chemistry spatial task
Authors: Hemmerich Alex , Yu Victoria , Ingman James , Bongers Amanda 
Published: June 2024

Spatial thinking is an important skill for success in the chemistry classroom. Experimental studies on mental rotation, a key skill for spatial thinking, show interesting trends in participant performance on 2D and 3D similarity judgement tasks. In these studies, participants’ use of mental rotation is determined by linear regression and/or correlations of response time versus angular disparity of the task. While judgements with block diagrams are amenable to mental rotation, studies find differences with the more symbolic 2D chemistry diagrams depending in the participants’ expertise: novices tend to use mental rotation, while experts use algorithms or other heuristics. Herein, we study these aspects chemistry, spatial thinking, and mental rotation, adding to prior work by investigating the effect of time limits and how task variables like axis and angular disparity influence task performance. We also incorporated a block design that allowed us to look for practice effects. This study was conducted online with undergraduate students ( N = 162) and designed as a conceptual replication of Stieff et al. (2018) to explore how features of the task (e.g., axis of rotation) influence participants accuracy, response time, and their use of mental rotation, diagrammatic, analytic, or algorithmic strategies. Our results suggest that mental rotation was being used successfully for only z-axis rotations, with other strategies such as symmetry heuristics are likely being used for x- and y-axis rotations. We also found that practice can improve stereochemistry task performance. These findings support chemistry novices’ reliance on mental rotation but also suggest that alternative strategies are used when time is limited.
Transaction Fee Mechanism Design
Authors: Roughgarden Tim 
Published: June 2024

Demand for blockchains such as Bitcoin and Ethereum is far larger than supply, necessitating a mechanism that selects a subset of transactions to include “on-chain” from the pool of all pending transactions. This article investigates the problem of designing a blockchain transaction fee mechanism through the lens of mechanism design. We introduce two new forms of incentive compatibility that capture some of the idiosyncrasies of the blockchain setting, one (MMIC) that protects against deviations by profit-maximizing miners and one (OCA-proofness) that protects against off-chain collusion between miners and users.This study is immediately applicable to a major change to Ethereum’s transaction fee mechanism, made on August 5, 2021, based on a proposal called “EIP-1559.” Originally, Ethereum’s transaction fee mechanism was a first-price (pay-as-bid) auction. EIP-1559 suggested making several tightly coupled changes, including the introduction of variable-size blocks, a history-dependent reserve price, and the burning of a significant portion of the transaction fees. We prove that this new mechanism earns an impressive report card: it satisfies the MMIC and OCA-proofness conditions, and is also dominant-strategy incentive compatible (DSIC) except when there is a sudden demand spike. We also introduce an alternative design, the “tipless mechanism,” which offers an incomparable slate of incentive-compatibility guarantees—it is MMIC and DSIC, and OCA-proof unless in the midst of a demand spike.