bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient–physician perception gaps in setting treatment goals and communication including shared decision making: Results from the survey illuminating dialogues and insights in onychomycosis management (IDIOM survey)
Authors: Tsunemi Yuichiro , Otsuka Atsushi , Nonaka Yusuke 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOnychomycosis, an infectious disease affecting the nails, can spread within oneself and to others, potentially leading to functional disabilities, therefore achieving a complete cure is necessary. Additionally, shared decision making (SDM) has been gaining attention in the treatment of various diseases in recent years. This study aimed to uncover the realities of patient–physician communication and perception in onychomycosis treatment, particularly in setting treatment goals and the SDM process for selecting therapeutic agents. We conducted a web‐based survey of both patients and dermatologists to identify issues in the decision‐making process for onychomycosis treatment. The survey revealed several communication challenges between patients and dermatologists regarding onychomycosis treatment. First, a notable percentage of dermatologists do not prioritize a complete cure for onychomycosis in their treatment goals. Second, the dermatologists' treatment explanations tended to emphasize risks, information necessary for appropriate decision‐making was not adequately conveyed to patients, and SDM practice was insufficient (the mean scores of SDM‐Q‐9 and SDM‐Q‐Doc were 49.0 and 70.9, respectively). Third, dermatologists overestimated the reluctance of older patients to take oral medications. Dermatologists should recognize their patients' expectations for a complete cure for onychomycosis and choose a therapeutic agent that meets patients' needs. Furthermore, dermatologists should explain the benefits and risks of treatment options in a balanced manner, strive for improved patient–physician communication, and aim for a complete cure by administering suitable treatment.
“Isolation by Gentes with Asymmetric Migration” shapes the genetic structure of the common cuckoo in China
Authors: WANG Ning , SHAN Chengbin , CHEN Dan , HU Yunbiao , SUN Yuehua , WANG Ying , LIANG Bin , LIANG Wei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAmid coevolutionary arms races between brood parasitic birds and their diverse host species, the formation of host‐specific races, or gentes, has drawn significant research focus. Nevertheless, numerous questions about gentes evolutionary patterns persist. Here, we investigated the potential for gentes evolution across multiple common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) populations parasitizing diverse host species in China. Using maternal (mitochondrial and W‐linked DNA) and biparental (autosomal and Z‐linked DNA) markers, we found consistent clustering of cuckoo gentes (rather than geographical populations) into distinct clades in matrilineal gene trees, indicating robust differentiation. In contrast, biparental markers indicated intermixing of all gentes, suggesting asymmetric gene flow regardless of geography. Unlike the mitonuclear discordance commonly resulting from incomplete lineage sorting, adaptive introgression, or demographic disparities, the observed pattern in brood parasitic cuckoos might reflect biased host preferences between sexes. We hereby present the “Isolation by Gentes with Asymmetric Migration” model. According to this model, the maternal line differentiation of the common cuckoo in China is potentially driven by host preferences in females, whereas males maintained the integrity of the cuckoo species through random mating. To achieve this, cuckoo males could perform flexible migration among gentes or engage in early copulation with females before reaching the breeding sites, allowing female cuckoos to store sperm from various gentes. Future studies collecting additional samples from diverse cuckoo gentes with overlapping distribution and investigating the migratory and copulation patterns of each sex would enhance our understanding of sex‐biased differentiation among cuckoo populations in China.
Afterlives of the Persian Gifts to Versailles
Authors: Happe Samantha 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe fate of diplomatic gifts after their presentation can reveal patterns of instability and shifting narratives on the items themselves and how they were perceived and received at the time. Often, these important pieces of material evidence disappear or are decontextualised from their exchange. This has been the case with the Persian embassy to Louis XIV's court at Versailles in 1715, where the gifts that were presented to the Sun King were thought to have been lost. This paper traces the afterlives of two of the gifted items: a string of pearls and two gold boxes of mumia. Each of these gifts were retained by the French administration and can be tracked through the eighteenth century. Their journeys reveal much about their evolving significances and the re‐evaluations that occurred once they entered the French collections.
Interventional oncology in children: Where are we now?
Authors: Patel Premal Amrishkumar , Muñoz Fernando Gómez 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPaediatric Interventional Oncology (IO) lags behind adult IO due to a scarcity of specific outcome data. The suboptimal way to evolve this field is relying heavily on adult experiences. The distinct tumour types prevalent in children, such as extracranial germ cell tumours, sarcomas, and neuroblastoma, differ strongly from those found in adults, presenting a completely different biological behaviour. Compounding this challenge, paediatric interventional radiology often employs adapted or off‐label techniques, potentially compromising optimal outcomes. This review outlines the present indications for interventional radiology in paediatric cancer, from biopsy to supportive care, including complication management. It emphasises the role of locoregional approaches, and explores the status of common paediatric oncological diseases, highlighting areas where IO has made progress identifying potential opportunities for future advancements in this evolving field.
Comparison of Yoga with exercise in ankylosing spondylitis on mobility and functional capacity
Authors: Acharya Nhehern Navin , Venkatesan Prem , Karvannan Harikesavan , Balebail Gopalakrishna Dharmanand 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimTo compare the effects of Yoga with traditional exercise on the mobility and functional capacity of individuals with ankylosing spondylitis (AS).MethodsThe participants of the study were recruited at the rheumatology department, adhering to the study's inclusion and exclusion criteria. Participants were randomized into two groups (Group A – Yoga, and Group B – exercise).The candidates participated in an 8‐week intervention consisting of 3 weekly sessions of either Yoga or Exercise intervention. Outcomes were collected at pre‐treatment, at 8 weeks, and at 12 weeks.ResultsThe within‐group comparison showed an improvement in all outcome measures with p < .05 between post‐treatment and the follow‐up. In the yoga group, there was an improvement in the measures of BASMI (p = .001), BASFI (p = .005), PSQI (p = .021), CE (p = .053) and NPRS (p = .001). Similarly, in the exercise group, there was an improvement in BASMI (p = .002), BASFI (p = .003), PSQI (p = .010), CE (p = .004) and NPRS (p = .001). In the between group comparison at post‐treatment, there were no statistically significant differences in BASMI (yoga = 3.0 ± 1.50, exercise = 2.3 ± 1.38), PSQI (yoga = 5.3 ± 1.50, exercise = 4.9 ± 1.17) and NPRS (yoga = 1.3 ± 2.22, exercise = 0.4 ± 0.50) CE (yoga = 4.0 ± 1.18, exercise = 3.4 ± 0.96), BASFI (yoga = 1.8 ± 2.14, exercise = 2.1 ± 1.87).ConclusionThe results demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in within‐group scores of mobility, functional capacity, sleep quality and pain in AS patients of both intervention programs but there were no significant differences between the groups.
Reducing the postpartum length of stay: Implications for emergency department presentations at a tertiary women's hospital
Authors: Francis Alaina R. , Gordon Hannah G. , Mooney Samantha 
Published: June 2024

AimsPostpartum length of stay (LOS) in Australian hospitals has reduced over the past three decades. Although a reduction in LOS likely reduces hospital costs in the immediate postpartum period, there is concern that this is increasing the burden on emergency services, domiciliary staff and primary care providers. The aims were to determine whether the recent reduction in LOS at an Australian tertiary obstetric hospital resulted in a change in emergency department (ED) presentations by women in the first six weeks postpartum, and newborns within the first 28 days of life.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional cohort study of all newborns ≤28 days of age and women ≤6 weeks postpartum who presented to the ED during four comparable time periods (2019–2022) at an Australian tertiary obstetric hospital. Logistic regression was used to determine the relationship between neonatal and maternal postpartum ED presentations and year of birth.ResultsReduced postpartum LOS was associated with a significant increase in maternal and neonatal presentations to the ED (odds ratio (OR): 1.15 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08–1.23), and OR: 1.11 (95% CI: 1.03–1.19), respectively). For every 100 births, an extra six women and three neonates presented to the ED for postpartum care in 2022 compared with 2019. There was no difference in maternal or neonatal admissions throughout the study periods.ConclusionThe increase in maternal and neonatal ED presentations associated with reduced LOS should prompt reassessment of postnatal practice and encourage further research into allocation of in‐hospital resources and postpartum education.
The heart rate response to the 6‐min walk test in atrial fibrillation patients with or without beta‐blockers: Referring to patients with sinus rhythm
Authors: Xie Feng , Jiang Zhenzhen , Zhu Bo , Li Juxiang , Wu Yanqing , Su Hai 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe aim was to evaluate the effect of beta‐blockers (BB) on the response of heart rate (HR) to 6‐min walk test (6MWT) in atrial fibrillation (AF) and whether the AF patients treated with BB have a similar HR response to 6MWT as the AF and sinus rhythm (SR) patients without BB treatment at the same resting HR level.MethodsThe before–after study involving 74 AF patients was to evaluate the effect of BB treatment (pre‐BB and with BB). The comparison study included 74 BB‐treated AF patients (with BB), 74 matched AF patients without BB (no BB), and 74 SR patients. The percentage increase amplitude of HR (HR‐PIA) in 6MWT was calculated: [(the exercise HR − the resting HR)/(the resting HR)] × 100%.ResultsThe before–after study showed that BB treatment decreased the resting and mean exercise HR (98.6 ± 15.2 vs. 85.5 ± 11.2 bpm and 121.3 ± 17.3 vs. 109.0 ± 16.7 bpm) during 6MWT. The comparison study demonstrated that against the SR, the AF with BB and no BB groups have higher mean exercise HR‐PIA (28.2 ± 17.1% and 22.0 ± 9.6%, vs. 6.9 ± 3.7%) when their resting HR is similar. Moreover, the mean exercise HR‐PIA was also significantly higher in the with BB group than in the no BB group.ConclusionIn AF patients with relatively higher resting HR, BB treatment could decrease the resting and exercise HR during 6MWT. However, BB treatment could not effectively attenuate the exercise HR rise as compared with AF without BB treatment, even with similar resting HR levels.
Optimization of orofacial cleft imaging protocols using device‐specific low‐dose cone‐beam computed tomography
Authors: Shujaat Sohaib , Vasconcelos Karla de Faria , Kesztyüs Artúr , Fontenele Rocharles Cavalcante , Oliveira‐Santos Nicolly , Nagy Krisztian , Shaheen Eman , Jacobs Reinhilde 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to present optimized device‐specific low‐dose cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) protocols with sufficient image quality for pre‐surgical diagnostics and three‐dimensional (3D) modelling of cleft defects.MethodsSix paediatric skulls were acquired, and an artificial bony cleft was created. A high‐resolution CBCT scan acted as a reference standard (Accuitomo 170, Morita, Kyoto, Japan) for comparing eight low‐dose protocols of Newtom VGi‐evo (QR Verona, Cefla, Verona, Italy), which included Eco and Regular protocols with different field of views (FOVs). Delineation of lamina dura, cementoenamel junction (CEJ), trabecular bone and bony bridge were assessed. A 3D model of the defect was also evaluated.ResultThe dose area product of low‐dose protocols ranged from 31 to 254 mGy*cm2. Despite the dose difference of up to eight times between applied protocols, trabecular bone and CEJ exhibited appropriate image quality in all scans. However, Regular small FOV protocols (5 × 5 and 8 × 5 cm2), for both lamina dura and bony bridge, demonstrated a significant improvement in image quality compared to Eco FOV counterparts. Based on 3D defect analysis, no significant difference existed between low‐dose protocols and the reference standard.ConclusionThe findings highlight the possibility of achieving a considerable reduction (up to eight times) in the radiation dose using low‐dose CBCT protocols while maintaining sufficient image quality for assessing anatomical structures and 3D modelling in cleft cases.
Enteric neuropathy and the vagus nerve: Therapeutic implications
Authors: Bonaz Bruno 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEnteric neuropathies are characterized by abnormalities of gut innervation, which includes the enteric nervous system, inducing severe gut dysmotility among other dysfunctions. Most of the gastrointestinal tract is innervated by the vagus nerve, the efferent branches of which have close interconnections with the enteric nervous system and whose afferents are distributed throughout the different layers of the digestive wall. The vagus nerve is a key element of the autonomic nervous system, involved in the stress response, at the interface of the microbiota‐gut‐brain axis, has anti‐inflammatory and prokinetic properties, modulates intestinal permeability, and has a significant capacity of plasticity and regeneration. Targeting these properties of the vagus nerve, with vagus nerve stimulation (or non‐stimulation/ pharmacological methods), could be of interest in the therapeutic management of enteric neuropathies.
Global outlook on affordability of biotherapeutic drugs
Authors: Rathore Anurag S. , Gardner Peter J. , Chhabra Hemlata , Raman Ruchir 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAlthough biotherapeutic drugs have the potential of transforming the management of many life‐threatening diseases, their affordability and accessibility remain an issue. This study offers an overview of the global affordability of biotherapeutic products. For this, prices for 10 representative biotherapeutic products were examined in 40 countries, including high‐income countries (HICs), upper middle‐income countries (UMICs), lower middle‐income countries (LMICs), and low‐income countries (LICs). The affordability of these biotherapeutics was calculated based on the World Health Organization/Health Action International (WHO/HAI) method. As expected, affordability was found to be better in HICs, followed by UMICs, LMICs, and finally, LICs. Furthermore, based on the trend of per capita income, we predict that in UMICs and LMICs, the affordability of high molecular weight biologics will worsen by 1.5× and 2× by 2030, respectively, and further by 4× and 6× by 2040. On the other hand, affordability will stay nearly the same for people living in HICs in the coming decades. Our analysis suggests that it is imperative that measures be taken to make this class of products more affordable and accessible. Governments can contribute by creating conducive policies. Global institutions like the WHO can play a significant role as well. Finally, manufacturers need to invest in and implement manufacturing innovations.
Iron deficiency among Japanese whole‐blood donors measured by serum ferritin
Authors: Odajima Takeshi , Tsuno Nelson H. , Ishimaru Fumihiko , Okubo Rie , Murakami Junko , Kitsukawa Kaori , Ikuta Katsuya , Matsuzaki Koji , Muroi Kazuo , Satake Masahiro , Kino Shuichi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesA more restrictive blood donation criterion has been applied in Japan, with a maximum volume of whole blood (WB) donation of 400 mL, allowing twice a year for female donors and thrice a year for male donors. However, iron deficiency was as high as 20.5% among female donors prior to donation, increasing to 37.7% after blood donation. More than 20 years have passed since then, so we set out to investigate the present situation.Materials and MethodsA total of 2659 (male/female: 1496/1163) donors of 400 mL WB who gave informed consent to join the study were enrolled. Serum ferritin (sFer) of first‐time/reactivated (FT/RA) donors were compared with those of repeat donors, according to gender and age; those who returned for subsequent donations during the study period were also followed up.ResultsAbout one‐third of FT/RA female donors had iron deficiency, possibly reflecting its high incidence among the general population. Interestingly, although sFer levels were low among pre‐menopausal FT/RA female donors, these values were not much different in repeat donors, whereas significant differences were observed between FT/RA and repeat donors among post‐menopausal females and in most age groups among males. As expected, donors with a normal initial sFer (≥26 ng/mL) recovered faster than those with a low initial sFer.ConclusionFemale donors, especially, have iron deficiency even before donation, and the rate increased compared to what was found previously. Measures to prevent iron deficiency of blood donors is required, and studies are going on in Japan.
Finite Element Analysis of Crack Growth in Steel Rails Subjected to Non-Uniform Residual Stresses: Shelling to Detail Fracture
Authors: Kizildemir Sena , Nied Herman F. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Rail transportation is a critical component of the modern transportation infrastructure. However, railroad rails are prone to various defects that can compromise their safety and reliability.
One of the most substantial risks to the safe operation of rail transportation involves the propagation of internal transverse rail defects, commonly referred to as detail fractures. Interestingly, these transverse fractures typically start from flat subsurface cracks that run parallel to the rail’s running surface and are usually referred to as “shell” defects. The shell defect is situated just a few millimeters below the surface of the rail crown.
It is hypothesized that transverse detail fatigue cracks form when a new vertical crack emerges from the existing shell crack and grows at a right angle to the original defect, eventually becoming a detail fracture. Detail fractures can grow to a critical size due to cyclic bending stresses in the rail, and this can result in catastrophic rail failures. Unfortunately, these fractures can reach a critical size without any noticeable damage on the visible outer surface of the rail.
Transverse detail fractures have been the subject of extensive research and attention within the rail industry for several decades. However, only a few studies have examined the origin of detail fractures and what causes these types of cracks to transition from initial shell defects.
In this paper, 3-D finite element crack growth simulations are used to model these distinctly different fracture geometries, to determine the role that “non-uniform” residual stresses, from the roller straightening process, may play in the transition from shell to detail crack. The modeling of crack propagation in 3-D, requires the computation of stress intensity factors around the entire crack front as the crack shape continuously changes. Under general, mixed mode, loading conditions, an initially planer crack, i.e., shell crack, will not remain in the plane, but will grow in a complex three-dimensional sense. Since the crack shape and direction continuously changes during the 3-D fatigue simulation, adaptive meshing must be employed for the accurate calculation of the stress intensity factors along the crack front.
The main results from this study should provide a better understanding of the mechanisms behind the transition from shell cracks to detail fractures in railroad rails and may be useful in the development of more effective inspection and maintenance practices for railroad operators, reducing the risk of unexpected failures and improving the safety and reliability of railroad systems.
Using SmartRock to Assess Railroad Ballast Vertical Acceleration in Large-Scale Triaxial Test Under Varied Loading Pulses
Authors: Huang Shihao , Qian Yu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Railroad ballast serves to transfer moving train loads to the subgrade and maintain track stability. The profile of repeated train loading is observed to be irregular and periodical with a rest time caused by the nature of railway cars. The cyclic loading pulses applied in large-scale triaxial testing are then simplified with varying rest times in prior research, but this simplification leaves its effect on the response of ballast movement ambiguous. In this study, SmartRock, an intelligent sensor, is employed in large-scale triaxial tests to examine the vertical acceleration of ballast under various loading pulses. An index called cyclic loading duration ratio (CLDR) is introduced to establish the correlation between vertical accelerations and loading pulses. The findings suggest that there are settling acceleration and rebound acceleration under various loading pulses. With the decreasing of CLDR, both accelerations show a clear growth, and their growth rates are highly dependent on the applied deviator stress. Besides, under CLDR = 0.05, the ballast particles tend to vibrate with the high deviator stress. These insights are crucial for making informed decisions about waveform selection in future triaxial testing.
IEC 61850 and its Capabilities in Protection Systems
Authors: Gholizadeh Navid , Yousefnejad Soheil 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This research paper delves into the capabilities of the IEC 61850 standard in terms of protection systems within the context of the electrical grid. The paper begins with an overview of the general architecture of the grid and the Wide Area Network, which encompasses all stages of power generation, distribution, and consumption. An introduction to the IEC 61850 substation automation standard is then provided, followed by an explanation of the necessary background information, including communication systems and the OSI data model. The study tests the assumption that Ethernet is suitable for real-time communication and fault tolerance in the network [9]. The paper concludes that the IEC 61850 standard is expected to enable seamless communication among devices that can understand its data model, reducing the need for wiring and enabling the use of the bandwidth of the station LAN for GOOSE and GSSE signals. However, the study also reveals that not all vendors and distribution companies are fully familiar with the IEC 61850 standard and as a result, legacy protocols continue to be used in many networks.