bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
« Déplacés spéciaux » et « colons de travail » dans la société stalinienne
Authors: Werth Nicolas 
Published: July 2010

"Special displaced" people and "work colonials" in the stalinian society, Nicolas Werth.
The opening of the central archives of the Gulag now make it possible to describe precisely the functioning and recruitment of a second Gulag, camps made up of a hybrid category of individuals, neither free nor really prisoners, the special displaced persons and work colonials. These banished people of a special kind symbolize the astonishing osmosis between the free universes and the concentrationary universe that characterized the stalinian society.
Commémoration. Témoignage d'un ancien déporté
Authors: Petit Georges 
Published: July 2010

Commemoration. Testimony from a former deportee, Georges Petit.
First deported to Compiègne and then to Buchenwald, Georges Petit offers a personal reflection on his itinerary and on the discrepancy between official memory (that acknowledges the heroism of the deportees and the abnegation of the communists) and individual memory. That me- mory today has difficulty transcribing the meaning of the concentrationary experience in a period in which totalitarianisms seem forever banished.
L'occupation française après 1945 et les relations franco-allemandes
Authors: Hudemann Rainer 
Published: July 2010

French Post-war Occupation in French-German Relations Since 1945, Rainer Hudemann.
Recent research and the opening up of archives make it possible to reinterpret French-German relations concerning French occupation at the end of the Second World War. Many preconceived ideas have been challenged, particularly the fact that French policy concerning Germany in 1945 was a reprint of its 1919 economic and military security policy as well as its policy of obstruction on the Berlin Interallied Control Council in which it was very active. After 1945, important French initiatives were implemented on the ground in the occupation zone, preparaing for future cooperation.
Les populismes latino-américains à l'épreuve des modèles d'interprétation européens
Authors: Quattrocchi-Woisson Diana 
Published: July 2010

Latin-American populism put to the test of European models, Diana Quattrocchi-Woisson.
Sometimes challenged, the term of populism nevertheless seems to apply directly to Latin America. Sociologists and anthropologists accept this consensus today. But it has to be implemented. The thinking on the comparative uses of the term and its varied meanings lead to a reconsideration of the works of the great Latin-American precursors. Here is an inventory that is rather comforting for history.
La rhétorique populiste aux États-Unis
Authors: Mélandri Pierre 
Published: July 2010

Populist rhetoric in the United States, Pierre Melandri.
In the last two centuries, used simultaneously or one after the other by Republicans and Democrats, the populist discourse, revelator of the mood of the country, is not the reflection of a precise school of thought in the United States. Nourished by resentment, frustrations and nostalgia of a former order in which social status and cultural identities were supposed to be stronger, American populism is fundamentally ambivalent. At the end of the 19th century, it claimed to defend the poor whites hit by the economic and social consequences of the Civil War; after the Second World War, it was against the recognition of the extension of the rights of minorities; after 1973, the Republicans exploited the fear of decline that haunted many Americans. Thus, each thrust of populism has its roots in an increase of troubles, whether economic or social.
Les contretemps de l'aventure européenne
Authors: Franck Robert 
Published: July 2010

The Downside of the European Adventure, Robert Frank.
In studying the various types of commitment to Europe from the 1920s today, Robert Frank retraces a complex history with its golden ages and its crises. Many personalities, circles and elites have partipated in this involvement, from Richard Coudenhove-Kalergi to Jean Monnet, from Aristide Briand to Jacques Delors, from Paul Valéry to Edgard Morin. But this history turns is back on that of the construction of Europe. The fact that the European Union is suffering from a lack of image today is probably the resuit of the gap between the two histories.
L'histoire culturelle : programme de recherche ou grand chantier ?
Authors: Urfalino Philippe 
Published: July 2010

Cultural History: Research Program or Work in Progress? Philippe Urfalino.
In this critical study of a recent collective work directed by Jean-Pierre Rioux and Jean-François Sirinelli, Philippe Urfalino wonders : Is "cultural" history a field or a look ? A very unanimistic history of collective representations, or on the other hand, more simply, proof that the historian's questioning has ope- ned up more? Neither quasi constituted history nor just a new work site : the discussion is open.
Grande guerre et diplomatie humanitaire. La mission catholique Suisse en faveur des prisonniers de guerre (1914-1918)
Authors: Yerly Frédéric 
Published: July 2010

Great War and Humanitarian Diplomacy: the Swiss Catholic Mission for War Prisoners (1914-1918), Frédéric Yerly.
"War culture": behind this newly forged concept are hidden socio-cultural habits and practices that went through the First World War from beginning to end. A new and vast historiographic field for research is opening up today in which collective representations as well as each person's imagination get the lion's share.
An extraordinary situation demands extraordinary practices and behavior. Spiritual and religious needs born out of contact with fire or tests of captivity haven't stopped gaining in importance and intensity. This has pleased churches and religious charity works suffering from de-Christianization and exclusion in now largely secularized public spaces. Either temporary or lasting beyond the end of hostilities, religious needs were expressed by the soldiers, of course, but also by another category, poorly known because less studied until today: war prisoners. Our study, based on Catholic charity archives, deals with the religious practices and needs during prisoners' captivity. These charities, with the agreement of the opponents and from the beginning of the war, visited the detention camps regularly. The Catholic Mission for war prisoners was at the twisting and turning interface of the humanitarian cause and politics. It was the stakes of a curious and complex diplomatic ballet in which the fighting states' governments, the non-governmental charities, and the Vatican, supported by the local hierarchies via the church works, crisscrossed.
Le paquebot Normandie et la presse (1929-1935)
Authors: Garnaud Philippe 
Published: July 2010

The Normandie Liner and the press (1929 -1935), Philippe Garnaud.
In January 1931, the Compagnie Générale Transatlantique began building the Normandie to the general indifference of the press. Its construction was synonymous of wild expense in a context of economic crisis. The press began to get on to it really in 1932 when it was launched and then for its inaugural voyage in 1935. The Normandie then became the stakes of one of the biggest political controversies of its time.
La résistance, l'éducation et la culture
Authors: Muracciole Jean-François 
Published: July 2010

The Resistance, Education and Culture, Jean-François Muracciole.
The Resistance did not limit its action to political and military areas. In the darkness of clandestinity, in Free France or within the framework of intellectual emigrations, it undertook an immense effort of thinking on education and culture. Its projects, nourished by the Popular Front and the 1930s experience, but also by Vichy's and Anglo-Saxon governments' accomplishments, were marked by the overwhelming weight of the 1940 debacle. Analyzing the defeat as the consequence of the collapse of traditional elites, the resisting intellectuals drew the outlines of a vast reform of the educational System. A sharp difference of appreciation emerged between the resistants from the interior and the Free French, a consequence of divergent analyses of the defeat. The project of the Resistance that couldn't be applied at the Liberation provided the matrix for the educational and cultural policy of the de Gaullian Fifth Republic.
Le «mythe de Grenoble» des années 1960 et 1970 un usage politique de la modernité
Authors: Bruneteau Bernard 
Published: July 2010

The "Grenoble Myth" in the 1960s. A Political Use of Modernity, Bernard Bruneteau.
In the 1960s, the city of Grenoble was set up as the symbol of modernity. A model of expansion, it was also the symbol of municipal management based on the control of urban development, citizen participation and the centrality of the new middle classes. Through its success, Grenoble became a myth that structured French political life and was able to nourish the Mendesian as well as the Gaullist Systems of reference.
Joseph Barthélémy et la crise de la démocratie libérale
Authors: Martinez Gilles 
Published: July 2010

Joseph Barthélemy and the Crisis of Liberal Democracy, Gilles Martinez.
Joseph Barthélemy was the advocate of individual liberties before becoming Justice Minister in the Vichy government between 1941 and 1943. Such an apparently contradictory itinerary is exemplary in the path of a certain number of French liberals. It shows that their ideology was incapable of adapting to crisis periods and that they were able to rally to authoritarian solutions.
Épuration, dégagements, exclusions. Les réductions d'effectifs dans l'armée française (1940-1947)
Authors: Abzac-Epezy Claude de 
Published: July 2010

Purges, Disengagements, Exclusions. Downsizing in the French Army (1940-1947), Claude d'Ahzac-Epezy.
Whereas the status of military personnel guarantees them from arbitraiy exclusion, the 1940-1947 period was marked by a greater precarity in officers' careers, hit first by Vichy measures of exclusion and then by the purges of 1944-1945 and the disengagement of the officers of 1946-1947. The analysis of the different phases of the reduction of the force details the numeric scope of these reductions and shows the criteria of the dominant choices. There were more reductions in the professional elites than the political ones, but the arbitrariness of the procedures contributed to breaking the moral engagement that bound the officers to the State. The consequences were felt until the early 1960s.
Les congrès socialistes de l'après-guerre étaient-ils démocratiques ?
Authors: Anizan Anne-Laure 
Published: July 2010

Were the Post-War Socialist Conferences Democratic?, Anne-Laure Anizan.
The French Socialist Party has always presented itself as the democratic party in France. Beyond the Party's rhetoric about itself, what was the reality of the relationship between the militant rank and file and the Parisian leaders? The SFIO Conferences, presented as the leading moments of the party's democratic life, showed that in the early 1950s, there was a division of labor: the leaders proposed and the base decided.
Des lieux de mémoire pour l'Europe unie
Authors: Bossuat Gérard 
Published: July 2010

Des lieux de mémoire pour l'Europe unie, Gérard Bossuat.
Les lieux de mémoire dans chacun des pays européens ont été définis en relation avec des histoires nationales et pour exalter le caractère héroïque ou exceptionnel de chacune d'entre elles. En dépit de ces difficultés, Gérard Bossuat tente de définir ce que pourraient être des lieux de mémoire européens. Cette définition ne pourra cependant se passer d'une véritable politique culturelle à l'échelle européenne comme, par exemple, la fondation du Musée européen ou d'une Fête européenne.
Plaidoyer pour l'histoire du monde dans l'université française
Authors: Coquery-Vidrovitch Catherine 
Published: July 2010

Plea for World History in the French University, Catherine Coquery-Vidrovitch.
The narrow focus of the historical field explored by the French school poses a problem. Following the lull after 1968, the contemporary upheavals led to a nervous retreat to ancient knowledge, characterized by a hyper individual specialization on often narrow themes, most often confined to the Hexagon. "Quadripartism" became the rule; if the rest of the world is dealt with, it is from the western standpoint only, without taking into consideration any other point of view. Without even being aware of it, it is the "colonial library", in the telling phrase of Valentin Mudimbe, that is being mined.
But our universe has never been broader nor our students more curious of everything. The French historical school is out of steam; everyone agrees on that, beginning with the historians with the best reputations. The only answer that can be given to the evil that is denounced - that of dispersion - is to place history again in its globality, which is the apprehension of the world and not of the details of our western life. Social sciences of the other : ethnography - a colonial science if there ever was one, and anthropology - science of deco-lonization - are even more in a crisis, precisely because one ofthe major gains of the contemporary world is that the other is also us: the whole world must be recognized as subject of history.
Les sectes en France. Marges et dissidences
Authors: Chantin Jean-Pierre 
Published: July 2010

La question des sectes en France a été récemment relancée par les suicides-homicides d'adeptes de l'Ordre du Temple solaire en Suisse et dans l'Hexagone. Le débat est depuis mené par les parlementaires et les groupes antisectes qui s'opposent très régulièrement aux sociologues sur le danger de tel ou tel groupe, et sur l'opportunité de l'emploi du mot secte.
L'historien doit avoir son mot à dire en replaçant le phénomène dit « sectaire » dans une plus longue durée. Le cas de la France est sur ce point particulièrement intéressant. Les groupes les plus divers s'y sont succédé, et beaucoup sont autochtones. Le contexte religieux particulier de notre pays a créé une originalité dans le monde catholique que l'on peut suivre jusqu'à aujourd'hui. Il serait pourtant préférable d'évoquer ces mouvements comme étant « en marge » des grandes traditions spirituelles mondiales (et, dans ce cas précis, presque exclusivement chrétienne), ce qui renforcerait la perception du tournant pris depuis les années 1970, une évolution plus particulièrement étudiée par les sociologues.
L'art de fonder l'autochtonie. Entre Thèbes, Athènes et le français de « souche »
Authors: Detienne Marcel 
Published: July 2010

L'art de fonder l'autochtonie. Entre Thèbes, Athènes et le Français « de souche », Marcel Détienne.
Comment comprendre les pulsions d'identité meurtrière qui habitent nos sociétés, aujourd'hui comme hier, et qui toutes ont à voir avec la Terre et les Morts ? Marcel Détienne, en comparant les mythes fondateurs d'Athènes et de Thèbes, reprend la question qui hantait son dernier livre, Comparer l'incomparable (Le Seuil, 2000). Il plaide pour le lancement d'enquêtes, conduites par des historiens et des anthropologues, qui compareront les mille et une manières de fonder et de perpétuer l'autochtonie et dont la plupart furent si sanguinaires.
Le malaise des jeunes gaullistes en Mai 68
Authors: Audigier François 
Published: July 2010

Young Gaullists' Discontent in May 1968, François Audigier.
Created in 1965, the Union of Youth for Progress brought together thousands of members in favor of a social Gaullism often critical ofthe UNR and the Pompidou administration. Even though it was composed mostly of students, the UJP was unaware of the new generations' distress such as the university crisis and bypassed the May explosion altogether. Except for a few leaders and sections that provided a minimal Gaullist presence, it languished after making a few attempts. Its awakening was late and coincided with the political renewal. The May events revealed the contradictions of a movement split between a desire to represent the youth and respect of its political allegiances, of an organization torn between a progressive minority that had supported the revolting students in the name of participation, and a conservative minority that saw in May 1968 an attempt at insurrection and the need to conquer it. In between these two radical readings, most members had wavered before adhering to the General's formula : "Reform yes, a mess, no."
Himmler et l'extermination de 30 millions de Slaves
Authors: Stengers Jean 
Published: July 2010

Himmler and the Extermination of 30 Million Slavs, Jean Stengers.
The war in Eastern Europe was unspeakably barbaric. Does that mean that the Nazis, and first of all Himmler, planned the murder by starvation of 30 million Sovietpeople ? Well-known historians such as Götz Aly, Suzanne Heim and Christian Gerlach recently put forward this hypothesis. They are basing it on the statements made in Nuremberg by SS General Bach-Zelewski, responsible for the massacres against the fews and partisans, among others. But this testimony is in many respects subject to dispute and other historians contradict it. The Germans didn't hesitate to mistreat the Russian population by letting them literally die of hunger. But the human casualties were the resuit of the waging of war and not of the methodical application of a plan premeditated before 1941.
Taiwan, les richesses d'une nation
Authors: Guiheux Gilles 
Published: July 2010

Taiwan, the Wealth of a Nation, Gilles Guïheux.
The spring 2000 presidential election brought the candidate of the progressive Democratic Party, which h ad been in the opposition to the KMT for a long time, to power. Taiwan figures as the model of a successful democratic transition, little by little managing to stabilize a pluralist political System to the point of enabling a peaceful changeover at the head of state. This democratic development has been helped along by growth in high tech sectors and a strengthening of economic links with mainland China. The originality of the Taiwanese model is based on a fabric of small and medium-sized family companies that operate in a network and are able to adapt rapidly to international market demands. In reaction to a national identity that the KMT regime had linked to mainland China to the detriment of local culture, Taiwan bas begun, over the past few years, to reevaluate its insular past. The public debate on Taiwan's history is also part of a détermination to redefine national identity after 40 years of culture imposed by the minority of mainland Chinese who followed Chiang Kai-shek when he withdrew in 1949-1950.
Une histoire à repenser
Authors: Horne John 
Published: July 2010

Une histoire à repenser, John Horne.
Après l'épuisement du paradigme d'une « civilisation » européenne spécifique, faire une histoire de l'Europe suppose que soient prises en compte trois évidences du 20e siècle, que l'après-1989 nous rappelle avec insistance : la « brutalisation » qui a renié le Progrès et les Lumières depuis 1914 ; les dislocations et les recompositions d'un espace européen depuis la fin du communisme à l'Est ; l'immigration venue d'Afrique et d'Asie qui relance aujourd'hui l'Europe multiculturelle.
Histoire de l'Europe et histoire des nations
Authors: Hermet Guy 
Published: July 2010

Histoire de l'Europe et histoire des nations, Guy Hermet.
L'auteur plaide en faveur d'une réinvention de l'enseignement de l'histoire, qui devrait abandonner le registre du panégyrique national et même continental. Il y aurait néanmoins péril, ajoute-t-il, si l'histoire européenne trouvait sa seule fin en elle-même. L'article propose de réfléchir à une histoire tolérante et hors dilemme : celle de l'individualisme, des sociétés libres et de la démocratie, sans tyrannie d'un passé fondateur sacralisé ; pour une histoire de l'Europe du Même et de l'Autre.
Une histoire problématique, une histoire du temps présent
Authors: Franck Robert 
Published: July 2010

Une histoire problématique, une histoire du temps présent, Robert Frank.
L'histoire de l'Europe restera problématique tant que l'on ne s'entendra pas sur son objet. Parle-t-on d'Europe-continent, d'Europe-civilisation, d'Europe-idéal ou d'Europe-construction ? Pour réduire cette incertitude, l'auteur appelle en renfort l'histoire comparée, l'histoire des relations internationales et l'histoire du temps présent. Il invoque les « forces profondes » signalées naguère par Pierre Renouvin. Il montre à juste titre qu'identité et conscience européenne, pour être des acquis du 20e siècle, n'en sont pas moins des concepts opératoires ou, plus utilement, de fortes hypothèses de travail.
Increased Alveolar Concentration of Nitric Oxide Is Related to Serum-induced Lung Fibroblast Proliferation in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: HUA-HUY THONG , TIEV KIET PHONG , CHÉREAU CHRISTIANE , DUONG-QUY SY , CABANE JEAN , DINH-XUAN ANH TUAN 
Published: July 2010

Objective.Lung inflammation is present in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and interstitial lung disease (ILD), but the mechanisms linking inflammatory and fibrotic processes in ILD are unknown. Our aim was to investigate whether alveolar inflammation, reflected by increased alveolar concentration of exhaled nitric oxide (CANO), is related to the ability of serum from patients with SSc to induce pulmonary fibroblast proliferation (PFP) and myofibroblast conversion.Methods.CANO was measured in all subjects (37 patients with SSc and 10 healthy controls) whose sera were used to stimulate PFP (assessed by BrdU labeling index) and myofibroblast conversion (detected by α-smooth muscle actin expression). The PFP index in patients with SSc was compared to control values, and between patients with SSc who had elevated (> 4.3 ppb) and normal (≤ 4.3 ppb) CANO values.Results.Both CANO and the PFP index were significantly greater in patients with SSc compared to controls. In patients with SSc, the PFP index was directly related to CANO levels (r = 0.48; p = 0.002). The median PFP index was significantly higher in patients with SSc who had elevated CANO (> 4.3 ppb; n = 25, median 1.1, range 0.98–1.23) than in patients with SSc who had normal CANO (≤ 4.3 ppb; n = 12, median 0.93, range 0.82–1.08; p = 0.01). Similarly, myofibroblast conversion induced by SSc serum was significantly greater in patients with CANO > 4.3 ppb than in patients whose CANO was ≤ 4.3 ppb (p < 0.001) and controls (p < 0.001).Conclusion.Alveolar inflammation reflected by increased nitric oxide production was related to serum-induced PFP and myofibroblast conversion, linking the active alveolitis process to cell proliferation and lung fibrosis in patients with SSc.