bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phloroglucinol Attenuates Ultraviolet B Radiation‐Induced Matrix Metalloproteinase‐1 Production in Human Keratinocytes via Inhibitory Actions against Mitogen‐Activated Protein Kinases and Activator Protein‐1
Authors: Piao Mei Jing , Zhang Rui , Lee Nam Ho , Hyun Jin Won 
Published: January 2012

AbstractExcessive amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by ultraviolet (UV) radiation cause skin aging via basement membrane/extracellular matrix degradation resulting from the action of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Recently, phloroglucinol (1,3,5‐trihydroxybenzene) was demonstrated to attenuate the cell damage induced by oxidative stress by quenching ROS and stimulating antioxidant systems. In the current study, the effect of phloroglucinol on UVB‐induced photoaging was investigated in human HaCaT keratinocytes. Phloroglucinol significantly inhibited the UVB‐induced (1) upregulation of MMP‐1 mRNA, protein and activity; (2) augmentation of intracellular Ca2+ levels; (3) phosphorylation of mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs); (4) expression of c‐Fos and phospho c‐Jun; and (5) enhancement of activator protein‐1 (AP‐1) binding to the MMP‐1 promoter. In addition, the knockdown of MAPKs significantly inhibited UVB‐induced MMP‐1 expression. The results of this study suggest that phloroglucinol may be useful as a photoprotective compound for the skin.
Mechanistic Aspects of Photoinactivation of Candida albicans by Exogenous Porphyrins†
Authors: Oriel Sarit , Nitzan Yeshayahu 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe mechanism of photoinactivation of Candida albicans by 3.5 μm uncharged, cationic or anionic porphyrins under blue light (407–420 nm) was found to be dependent on the uptake of porphyrins into yeast cells, and was also dependent on the presence or absence of proteins in the photosensitization medium. In a very protein‐rich medium, a decrease in viability was observed only with the uncharged porphyrin. Photoinactivation by uncharged or cationic porphyrins in a protein‐poorer medium resulted in total eradication, whereas no significant decrease was observed with the anionic porphyrin. Phototreatment in PBS resulted in eradication with all three porphyrins. X‐ray microanalysis after phototreatment by the uncharged or cationic porphyrins in the protein‐poor medium exhibited ion loss, indicating cell‐membrane damage. Transmission electron microscopy indicated cellular and chromosomal damage. No ion loss or cell damage was observed in this medium with the anionic porphyrin. The efficiency of photoeradication of C. albicans is dependent on porphyrin uptake, which might lead (upon illumination) to processes that facilitate the formation of reactive oxygen species that damage the cells. Uptake of charged porphyrins is dependent on protein quantity and quality in the photosensitization microenvironment. This fact must be taken into account when using charged photosensitizers.
My Networking Is Not Working! Conceptualizing the Latent and Dysfunctional Dimensions of the Network Paradigm
Authors: Vorley Tim , Mould Oli , Courtney Richard 
Published: January 2012

abstractNetworks have become a major analytical concept in economic geography and have served to extend both empirical and theoretical research agendas. However, much of the literature on networks is characterized asassociative, considering them only as cumulative constructs through the constant enrollment of additional actors. Through the lens of social capital and a discussion of the limitations of the networking paradigm in economic geography, this article aims to move beyond this associative nature and introduce variance in network practices in the form of nonworking and not working. By presenting a hypothetical example of a project‐based network, we introduce the concepts of nonworking and not working as latency and disassociation as dimensions of network practices. In doing so, we present a more nuanced approach to the networking paradigm in relational economic geography, one that moves beyond a purely associative understanding to incorporate nonworking and not working.
Case report of atypical infiltrative lipomatosis of the equine mesojejunum
Authors: Linnenkohl W. , Mair T. , Fews D. 
Published: January 2012

SummaryA 25‐year‐old mare was examined for persistent colic. Over the previous month, the mare had experienced several episodes of mild recurrent colic. The episode of colic persisted for 18 h and the pain became unresponsive to analgesic therapy. Euthanasia was undertaken.Post mortemexamination revealed an atypical infiltrative lipoma of the mesojejunum, confirmed histopathologically. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first case report of a diffuse infiltrative lipoma of the equine mesojejunum.
Dominance of Serotype Ia among Group B Streptococci Causing Invasive Infections in Nonpregnant Adults in Portugal
Authors: Martins E. R. , Melo-Cristino J. , Ramirez M. ,   the Portuguese Group for the Study of Streptococcal Infections
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACT

The population of group B streptococci (GBS) associated with invasive infections in nonpregnant adults from 2001 to 2008 was analyzed in isolates submitted from 24 hospital laboratories in Portugal (
n
= 225). The isolates were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and surface protein gene profiling. GBS invasive cases were found more frequently among men in all age groups. In addition, serotype Ia was the most frequent in our collection, whereas serotype V is dominant elsewhere. Serotype Ia was represented mainly by a single PFGE cluster defined by sequence type 23 (ST23) and surface protein gene
eps
and by ST24 and
bca
, similarly to neonatal invasive infections in Portugal, indicating that the same genetic lineages can be responsible for both vaginal colonization and invasive disease in all age groups. In contrast, the hypervirulent serotype III/ST17 neonatal lineage was responsible for a minority of infections. Serotype V isolates were distributed into two genetic lineages, one defined by ST1 and surface protein gene
alp3
and macrolide resistant, and another presenting with ST2 and
eps
and fully susceptible to all antimicrobials tested. The
erm
(TR) gene was the most frequently found among erythromycin-resistant isolates, while the bovine-associated
tet
(O) gene was found in a minority of tetracycline-resistant isolates. Our data emphasize the importance of local identification of the genetic lineages responsible for GBS invasive infections in nonpregnant adults. The dominance of serotype Ia in invasive disease in Portugal highlights the importance of this serotype in GBS pathogenesis.
Real-Time Nucleic Acid Sequence-Based Amplification Assay for Rapid Detection and Quantification of
agr
Functionality in Clinical Staphylococcus aureus Isolates
Authors: Chen Liang , Shopsin Bo , Zhao Yanan , Smyth Davida , Wasserman Gregory A. , Fang Christina , Liu Lisa , Kreiswirth Barry N. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACT

Staphylococcus aureus
infections are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in health care settings.
S. aureus
clinical isolates vary in the function of the accessory gene regulator (
agr
), which governs the expression of virulence determinants, including surface and exoproteins, while
agr
activity has been correlated with patient outcome and treatment efficiency. Here we describe a duplex real-time nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) detection and quantification platform for rapid determination of
agr
functionality in clinical isolates. Using the effector of
agr
response, RNAIII, as the assay target, and expression of the gyrase gene (
gyrB
) as a normalizer, we were able to accurately discriminate
agr
functionality in a single reaction. Time to positivity (TTP) ratios between
gyrB
and RNAIII showed very good correlation with the ratios of RNAIII versus
gyrB
RNA standard inputs and were therefore used as a simple readout to evaluate
agr
functionality. We validated the assay by characterizing 106 clinical
S. aureus
isolates, including strains with genetically characterized
agr
mutations. All isolates with dysfunctional
agr
activity exhibited a TTP ratio (TTP

gyrB

/TTP
RNAIII
) lower than 1.10, whereas
agr
-positive isolates had a TTP ratio higher than this value. The results showed that the assay was capable of determining target RNA ratios over 8 logs (10
−3
to 10
4
) with high sensitivity and specificity, suggesting the duplex NASBA assay may be useful for rapid determination of
agr
phenotypes and virulence potential in
S. aureus
clinical isolates.
Reactions of Norwegian children with severe egg allergy to an egg-containing influenza A (H1N1) vaccine: a retrospective audit: Table 1
Authors: Forsdahl Bård Anders 
Published: January 2012

DesignRetrospective audit.SettingSecondary paediatric outpatient clinic, Tromsø, Norway.ParticipantsThe participants were 80 (62.5% boys and 37.5% girls) children and adolescents with a diagnosed egg allergy who had to be on an egg-free diet and be unable to eat any food containing any amount of egg, including egg-containing baked goods, without an allergic reaction to egg protein. We also included patients who were sensitised to egg but had never been exposed to egg or egg-containing baked goods and were on an egg-free diet. Other atopic diseases among the study participants were also registered.InterventionThe vaccination took place from November to December 2009. The patients were vaccinated with a monovalent influenza A (H1N1) vaccine that had an ovalbumin content <0.33 μg/ml. They were divided into two groups, receiving the vaccine either as a single dose or as a fractionated dose. Patients were selected for the fractionated dose because of their prior reaction to egg or because they never had been exposed to egg.Primary outcomeThere were no serious adverse reactions to the vaccine; only one mild adverse reaction and two possible adverse reactions.ResultsPatients ranged in age from 10 months to 16.5 years. Thirty-eight (48%) patients received a fractionated dose. Sixty-three (79%) had one or more atopic disease apart from egg allergy. With regard to atopy, serum specific IgE levels or skin prick test, there were no significant differences between the groups receiving the vaccine as a fractionated or as a single dose.ConclusionsThe study confirmed that patients allergic to egg can be safely vaccinated with a regular influenza vaccine containing <0.333 μg/ml ovalbumin, even if these patients had displayed previous anaphylactic reactions to egg and had been diagnosed with concurrent atopic diseases.
Excess posthypoxic oxygen consumption in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): recovery in normoxia and hypoxia
Authors: Svendsen Jon Christian , Steffensen John Fleng , Aarestrup Kim , Frisk Michael , Etzerodt Anne , Jyde Mads 
Published: January 2012

Under certain conditions, a number of fish species may perform brief excursions into severe hypoxia and return to water with a higher oxygen content. The term severe hypoxia describes oxygen conditions that are below the critical oxygen saturation (Scrit), defined here as the oxygen threshold at which the standard metabolic rate becomes dependent upon the ambient oxygen content. Using rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792), this study quantified the excess posthypoxic oxygen consumption (EPHOC) occurring after exposure to oxygen availability below Scrit. Tests showed that Scritwas 13.5% air saturation (O2sat). Fish were exposed to 10% O2satfor 0.97 h, and the EPHOC was quantified in normoxia (≥95% O2sat) and hypoxia (30% O2sat) to test the hypothesis that reduced oxygen availability would decrease the peak metabolic rate (MO2peak) and prolong the duration of the metabolic recovery. Results showed that MO2peakduring the recovery was reduced from 253 to 127 mg O2·kg–1·h–1in hypoxia compared with normoxia. Metabolic recovery lasted 5.2 h in normoxia and 9.8 h in hypoxia. The EPHOC, however, did not differ between the two treatments. Impeded metabolic recovery in hypoxia may have implications for fish recovering from exposure to oxygen availability below Scrit.
Assessing the Clinical Role of Genetic Markers of Early-Onset Prostate Cancer among High-Risk Men Enrolled in Prostate Cancer Early Detection
Authors: Hughes Lucinda , Zhu Fang , Ross Eric , Gross Laura , Uzzo Robert G. , Chen David Y.T. , Viterbo Rosalia , Rebbeck Timothy R. , Giri Veda N. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Background: Men with familial prostate cancer and African American men are at risk for developing prostate cancer at younger ages. Genetic markers predicting early-onset prostate cancer may provide clinically useful information to guide screening strategies for high-risk men. We evaluated clinical information from six polymorphisms associated with early-onset prostate cancer in a longitudinal cohort of high-risk men enrolled in prostate cancer early detection with significant African American participation.
Methods: Eligibility criteria include ages 35 to 69 with a family history of prostate cancer or African American race. Participants undergo screening and biopsy per study criteria. Six markers associated with early-onset prostate cancer [rs2171492 (7q32), rs6983561 (8q24), rs10993994 (10q11), rs4430796 (17q12), rs1799950 (17q21), and rs266849 (19q13)] were genotyped. Cox models were used to evaluate time to prostate cancer diagnosis and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) prediction for prostate cancer by genotype. Harrell's concordance index was used to evaluate predictive accuracy for prostate cancer by PSA and genetic markers.
Results: Four hundred and sixty participants with complete data and ≥1 follow-up visit were included. Fifty-six percent were African American. Among African American men, rs6983561 genotype was significantly associated with earlier time to prostate cancer diagnosis (P = 0.005) and influenced prediction for prostate cancer by the PSA (P &lt; 0.001). When combined with PSA, rs6983561 improved predictive accuracy for prostate cancer compared with PSA alone among African American men (PSA = 0.57 vs. PSA + rs6983561 = 0.75, P = 0.03).
Conclusions: Early-onset marker rs6983561 adds potentially useful clinical information for African American men undergoing prostate cancer risk assessment. Further study is warranted to validate these findings.
Impact: Genetic markers of early-onset prostate cancer have potential to refine and personalize prostate cancer early detection for high-risk men. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(1); 53–60. ©2011 AACR.
Association of Inflammatory and Noninflammatory Breast Cancer with Socioeconomic Characteristics in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Database, 2000–2007
Authors: Schlichting Jennifer A. , Soliman Amr S. , Schairer Catherine , Banerjee Mousumi , Rozek Laura S. , Schottenfeld David , Harford Joe B. , Merajver Sofia D. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Background: Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a rare and highly aggressive form of primary breast cancer. Little is known about the risk factors for IBC, specifically the association with socioeconomic position (SEP).
Methods: The association between breast cancer type (IBC vs. non-IBC) with county-level SEP in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database for cases diagnosed from 2000 to 2007 was examined. County-level SEP characteristics included metropolitan versus non-metropolitan residence, percentage below the poverty level, percentage less than high-school graduate, and an index combining the poverty and high-school variables. IBC and non-IBC age-adjusted incidence rates were calculated, stratified on SEP and race/ethnicity. The odds of IBC versus non-IBC given a particular SEP characteristic, adjusting for age and race/ethnicity, was examined through fitting of hierarchical logistic regression models (HLM).
Results: Incidence rates for IBC generally increased as SEP decreased, whereas the opposite was found for non-IBC. HLM results showed that low SEP is associated with higher odds of IBC: highest (≥20%) versus lowest (&lt;10%) persons below the poverty level [OR (95% confidence interval, CI) = 1.25 (1.09–1.43)]; highest (&gt;28.76%) versus lowest (≤15.99%) persons less than high-school graduate [OR (95% CI) = 1.25 (1.10–1.42)]; and low SEP as measured by poverty-high school index versus high SEP [OR (95% CI)= 1.26 (1.11–1.44)].
Conclusion: Overall breast cancer has been found to be positively associated with SEP, whereas in this analysis, IBC was associated with decreasing SEP.
Impact: Studies focused on understanding the disparity in IBC incidence, as well as interventions to eliminate these differences are needed. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(1); 155–65. ©2011 AACR.
Fine-Mapping CASP8 Risk Variants in Breast Cancer
Authors: Camp Nicola J. , Parry Marina , Knight Stacey , Abo Ryan , Elliott Graeme , Rigas Sushilaben H. , Balasubramanian Sabapathy P. , Reed Malcolm W. R. , McBurney Helen , Latif Ayse , Newman William G. , Cannon-Albright Lisa A. , Evans D. Gareth , Cox Angela 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Background: Multiple genome-wide and candidate gene association studies have been conducted in search of common risk variants for breast cancer. Recent large meta analyses, consolidating evidence from these studies, have been consistent in highlighting the caspase-8 (CASP8) gene as important in this regard. To define a risk haplotype and map the CASP8 gene region with respect to underlying susceptibility variant/s, we screened four genes in the CASP8 region on 2q33-q34 for breast cancer risk.
Methods: Two independent data sets from the United Kingdom and the United States, including 3,888 breast cancer cases and controls, were genotyped for 45 tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (tSNP) in the expanded CASP8 region. SNP and haplotype association tests were carried out using Monte Carlo-based methods.
Results: We identified a three-SNP haplotype across rs3834129, rs6723097, and rs3817578 that was significantly associated with breast cancer (P &lt; 5 × 10−6), with a dominant risk ratio and 95% CI of 1.28 (1.21–1.35) and frequency of 0.29 in controls. Evidence for this risk haplotype was extremely consistent across the two study sites and also consistent with previous data.
Conclusion: This three-SNP risk haplotype represents the best characterization so far of the chromosome upon which the susceptibility variant resides.
Impact: Characterization of the risk haplotype provides a strong foundation for resequencing efforts to identify the underlying risk variant, which may prove useful for individual-level risk prediction, and provide novel insights into breast carcinogenesis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(1); 176–81. ©2011 AACR.
No Association between Parkinson Disease Alleles and the Risk of Melanoma
Authors: Meng Shasha , Song Fengju , Chen Honglei , Gao Xiang , Amos Christopher I. , Lee Jeffrey E. , Wei Qingyi , Qureshi Abrar A. , Han Jiali 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Background: Recent data showed that melanoma was more common among patients with Parkinson disease than individuals without Parkinson disease and vice versa. It has been hypothesized that these two diseases may share common genetic and environmental risk factors.
Methods: We evaluated the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) selected on the basis of recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on Parkinson disease risk and the risk of melanoma using 2,297 melanoma cases and 6,651 controls.
Results: The Parkinson disease SNP rs156429 in the chromosome 7p15 region was nominally associated with melanoma risk with P value of 0.04, which was not significant after the Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. No association was observed between the remaining 31 Parkinson disease SNPs and the risk of melanoma. The genetic score based on the number of Parkinson disease risk allele was not associated with melanoma risk [OR for the highest genetic score quartile (30–35) vs. the lowest (15–20), 1.13, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.47–2.70].
Conclusion: The Parkinson disease SNPs identified in published GWAS do not seem to play an important role in melanoma development.
Impact: The Parkinson disease susceptibility loci discovered by GWAS contribute little to the observed epidemiologic association between the Parkinson disease and melanoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(1); 243–5. ©2011 AACR.
Use of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs and Survival Following Breast Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Li Yanli , Brasky Theodore M. , Nie Jing , Ambrosone Christine B. , McCann Susan E. , Shields Peter G. , Trevisan Maurizio , Edge Stephen B. , Freudenheim Jo L. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Background: While there is accumulating evidence that use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) decreases breast cancer risk, little is known about the impact of NSAIDs on survival after breast cancer diagnosis.
Methods: We assessed whether recent, prediagnostic NSAID use and lifetime cumulative aspirin use before diagnosis were associated with survival among 1,024 women with incident, primary, invasive breast cancer.
Results: Recent prediagnostic use of aspirin, ibuprofen, and acetaminophen and lifetime use of aspirin up to diagnosis were not associated with either all-cause mortality or breast cancer–specific mortality. Neither dose nor frequency of use was associated with risk. Associations were not different for pre- and postmenopausal women.
Conclusion: In our data, prediagnostic NSAID use and lifetime cumulative aspirin use were not associated with breast cancer survival.
Impact: Our findings do not support a role of NSAIDs prior to diagnosis in breast cancer survival. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(1); 239–42. ©2011 AACR.
Mirtron MicroRNA-1236 Inhibits VEGFR-3 Signaling During Inflammatory Lymphangiogenesis
Authors: Jones Dennis , Li Yonghao , He Yun , Xu Zhe , Chen Hong , Min Wang 
Published: January 2012

Objective—
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor(VEGFR)-3 is a critical regulator of developmental and adult vasculogenesis and lymphangiogenesis through its interactions with select members of the VEGF family. The goal of this study was to investigate how VEGFR-3 expression is regulated during inflammatory lymphangiogenesis.

Methods and Results—
In this study, we present for the first time evidence that VEGFR-3 can be negatively regulated by a mirtron, hsa-miR–1236 (miR-1236), which is expressed in primary human lymphatic endothelial cells. In human lymphatic endothelial cells, miR-1236 is upregulated in response to IL-1β, a negative regulator of VEGFR-3. miR-1236 binds the 3' untranslated region of Vegfr3, resulting in translational inhibition. Overexpression of miR-1236 significantly decreased expression of VEGFR-3, but not VEGFR-2, in human lymphatic endothelial cells. Compared to a control miR, overexpression of miR-1236 also led to decreased VEGFR-3 signaling. However, VEGFR-2–specific signaling was not affected. miR-1236 can attenuate human lymphatic endothelial cell migration and tube formation, as well as in vivo lymphangiogenesis.

Conclusion—
Our data suggest that miR-1236 may function as a negative regulator of VEGFR-3 signaling during inflammatory lymphangiogenesis.