bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Characterization, and Direct Intracellular Imaging of Ultrasmall and Uniform Glutathione‐Coated Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Sousa Alioscka A. , Morgan Jeffrey T. , Brown Patrick H. , Adams April , Jayasekara M. P. Suresh , Zhang Guofeng , Ackerson Christopher J. , Kruhlak Michael J. , Leapman Richard D. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractGold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with core sizes below 2 nm and compact ligand shells constitute versatile platforms for the development of novel reagents in nanomedicine. Due to their ultrasmall size, these AuNPs are especially attractive in applications requiring delivery to crowded intracellular spaces in the cytosol and nucleus. For eventual use in vivo, ultrasmall AuNPs should ideally be monodisperse, since small variations in size may affect how they interact with cells and how they behave in the body. Here we report the synthesis of ultrasmall, uniform 144‐atom AuNPs protected by p‐mercaptobenzoic acid followed by ligand exchange with glutathione (GSH). Quantitative scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) reveals that the resulting GSH‐coated nanoparticles (Au(GSH)) have a uniform mass distribution with cores that contain 134 gold atoms on average. Particle size dispersity is analyzed by analytical ultracentrifugation, giving a narrow distribution of apparent hydrodynamic diameter of 4.0 ± 0.6 nm. To evaluate the nanoparticles’ intracellular fate, the cell‐penetrating peptide TAT is attached noncovalently to Au(GSH), which is confirmed by fluorescence quenching and isothermal titration calorimetry. HeLa cells are then incubated with both Au(GSH) and the Au(GSH)‐TAT complex, and imaged without silver enhancement of the AuNPs in unstained thin sections by STEM. This imaging approach enables unbiased detection and quantification of individual ultrasmall nanoparticles and aggregates in the cytoplasm and nucleus of the cells.
Elf5 Regulates Mammary Gland Stem/Progenitor Cell Fate by Influencing Notch Signaling
Authors: Chakrabarti Rumela , Wei Yong , Romano Rose-Anne , DeCoste Christina , Kang Yibin , Sinha Satrajit 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The transcription factor E74-like factor 5 (Elf5) functions downstream of the prolactin receptor signaling pathway and plays an important role in mammary gland development. Using conditional mouse knockouts, we have previously shown that Elf5-null mammary glands exhibit a complete failure of alveologenesis during pregnancy. The Elf5-null developmental phenotype is mediated through alteration in the expression of several critical genes involved in alveologenesis, particularly those belonging to the JAK/STAT pathway. Here, we demonstrate that in addition to regulating terminal differentiation of alveolar cells, Elf5 also plays a critical role in determining cell fate and in regulating the stem/progenitor function of the mammary epithelium. Targeted deletion of Elf5 in the mammary glands leads to accumulation of cell types with dual luminal/basal properties such as coexpression of K8 and K14 and an increase in CD61+ luminal progenitor population during pregnancy. Further interrogation suggests that the abnormal increase in K14+K8+ cells may represent the CD61+ luminal progenitors blocked in differentiation. Remarkably, Elf5 deficiency in mammary epithelium also triggers an increase of adult mammary stem activity as evidenced by the accumulation of mammary stem cell (MaSC)-enriched cell population in both pregnant and virgin mice and further confirmed by mammosphere and transplantation assays. Additional support for this phenotype comes from the enriched MaSC gene signature based on transcriptomic analysis of the Elf5-null mammary gland. Finally, our biochemical studies suggest that Elf5 loss leads to hyperactivation of the Notch signaling pathway, which might constitute in part, the underlying molecular mechanism for the altered cell lineage decisions in Elf5-null mammary epithelial cells.
Circular Stapler Size and Risk of Anastomotic Complications in Gastroduodenostomy for Gastric Cancer
Authors: Kim Dae Hoon , Oh Cheong Ah , Oh Seung Jong , Choi Min Gew , Noh Jae Hyung , Sohn Tae Sung , Bae Jae Moon , Kim Sung 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackgroundA Billroth I reconstruction with a mechanically sutured anastomosis is commonly performed in gastric cancer patients. Some surgeons prefer to use large circular staplers during suturing to minimize risks for anastomotic stricture and gastric stasis after surgery. The effect of stapler size on anastomotic complications has not been validated.MethodsThis study was conducted with 1,031 patients who underwent gastrectomy and Billroth I reconstruction at Samsung Medical Center in Seoul, Korea, between January 2007 and October 2008. Patients were assigned to group A (384 patients) or group B (647 patients) depending on the size of the circular stapler that the surgeon selected for mechanical anastomosis. A 25 mm circular stapler was used for patients in group A, and a 28 or 29 mm circular stapler was used for patients in group B. Postoperative complications were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsThe incidence of complications (e.g., gastric stasis, anastomotic stricture, and bleeding) did not differ significantly between groups. Age greater than 60 years was the only significant risk factor for anastomotic complications identified in univariate and multivariate analyses.ConclusionsStapler size was unrelated to complications, such as stricture and gastric stasis. Age was the only significant risk factor for anastomotic complications after gastroduodenostomy.
Visible parts of fractal percolation
Authors: Arhosalo Ida , Järvenpää Esa , Järvenpää Maarit , Rams Michal , Shmerkin Pablo 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe study dimensional properties of visible parts of fractal percolation in the plane. Provided that the dimension of the fractal percolation is at least 1, we show that, conditioned on non-extinction, almost surely all visible parts from lines are one dimensional. Furthermore, almost all of them have positive and finite Hausdorff measure. We also verify analogous results for visible parts from points. These results are motivated by an open problem on the dimensions of visible parts.
On the centre of the cyclotomic Hecke algebra of G(m, 1, 2)
Authors: McGerty Kevin 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe compute the centre of the cyclotomic Hecke algebra attached to G(m, 1, 2) and show that if q ≠ 1, it is equal to the image of the centre of the affine Hecke algebra Haff2. We also briefly discuss what is known about the relation between the centre of an arbitrary cyclotomic Hecke algebra and the centre of the affine Hecke algebra of type A.
A crossed-product approach to the Cuntz–Li algebras
Authors: Kaliszewski S. , Landstad Magnus B. , Quigg John 
Published: April 2012

AbstractCuntz and Li have defined aC*-algebra associated to any integral domain, using generators and relations, and proved that it is simple and purely infinite and that it is stably isomorphic to a crossed product of a commutativeC*-algebra. We give an approach to a class ofC*-algebras containing those studied by Cuntz and Li, using the general theory ofC*-dynamical systems associated to certain semidirect product groups. Even for the special case of the Cuntz–Li algebras, our development is new.
Anticipating the Arctic and the Arctic Council: pre-emption, precaution and preparedness
Authors: Dodds Klaus J. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper considers the role of the Arctic Council (AC) and its relationship to the future or even futures. Factors such as sea ice thinning and melting permafrost, alongside globalisation, have been cited as consequential in transforming the Arctic region. While we might be cautious about the novelty of change per se, there is a need for further debate about how the ‘future’ is imagined and put into practice. Exploring different logics, including precaution, pre-emption and preparedness, consideration is offered on how the AC attempts to anticipate the future. The contentious role of observers is investigated by way of an example, and it is concluded that there is more work to be done in terms of how different futures are assembled, mobilised and put into practice.
Spatial grammar implementation: From theory to useable software
Authors: McKay Alison , Chase Scott , Shea Kristina , Chau Hau Hing 
Published: April 2012

AbstractCurrently available computer-aided design tools provide strong support for the later stages of product development processes where the structure and shape of the design have been fixed. Support for earlier stages of product development, when both the structure and shape of the design are still fluid, demands conceptual design tools that support designers' ways of thinking and working, and enhance creativity, for example, by offering design alternatives, difficult or not, possible without the use of such tools. The potential of spatial grammars as a technology to support such design tools has been demonstrated through experimental research prototypes since the 1970s. In this paper, we provide a review of recent spatial grammar implementations, which were presented in the Design Computing and Cognition 2010 workshop on which this paper is based, in the light of requirements for conceptual design tools and identify future research directions in both research and design education.
Multimodal spatial data access for architecture design assistance
Authors: Schultz Carl , Bhatt Mehul 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe present a multimodal spatial data access framework designed to serve the informational and computational requirements of architectural design assistance systems that are intended to provide intelligent spatial decision support and analytical capabilities. The framework focuses on multiperspective semantics, qualitative and artifactual spatial abstractions, and industrial conformance and interoperability within the context of the industry foundation classes. The framework provides qualitative and cognitively adequate representational mechanisms, and the formal interpretation of the structural form of indoor spaces that are not directly provided by conventional computer-aided design based or quantitative models of space. We illustrate the manner in which these representations directly provide the spatial abstractions that are needed to enable the implementation of intelligent analytical capabilities in design assistance tools. We introduce the framework, and also provide detailed use cases that illustrate the usability of the framework and the manner of its utilization within architectural design assistance systems.
Consensus Statements Regarding the Multidisciplinary Care of Limb Amputation Patients in Disasters or Humanitarian Emergencies: Report of the 2011 Humanitarian Action Summit Surgical Working Group on Amputations Following Disasters or Conflict
Authors: Knowlton Lisa Marie , Gosney James E , Chackungal Smita , Altschuler Eric , Black Lynn , Burkle Frederick M , Casey Kathleen , Crandell David , Demey Didier , Di Giacomo Lillian , Dohlman Lena , Goldstein Joshua , Gosselin Richard , Ikeda Keita , Le Roy Andree , Linden Allison , Mullaly Catherine M , Nickerson Jason , O'Connell Colleen , Redmond Anthony D , Richards Adam , Rufsvold Robert , Santos Anna LR , Skelton Terri , McQueen Kelly 
Published: April 2012

AbstractLimb amputations are frequently performed as a result of trauma inflicted during conflict or disasters. As demonstrated during the 2010 earthquake in Haiti, coordinating care of these patients in austere settings is complex. During the 2011 Humanitarian Action Summit, consensus statements were developed for international organizations providing care to limb amputation patients during disasters or humanitarian emergencies. Expanded planning is needed for a multidisciplinary surgical care team, inclusive of surgeons, anesthesiologists, rehabilitation specialists and mental health professionals. Surgical providers should approach amputation using an operative technique that optimizes limb length and prosthetic fitting. Appropriate anesthesia care involves both peri-operative and long-term pain control. Rehabilitation specialists must be involved early in treatment, ideally before amputation, and should educate the surgical team in prosthetic considerations. Mental health specialists must be included to help the patient with community reintegration. A key step in developing local health systemsis the establishment of surgical outcomes monitoring. Such monitoring can optimizepatient follow-up and foster professional accountability for the treatment of amputation patients in disaster settings and humanitarian emergencies.
Work-Related Injuries and Illnesses Reported by World Trade Center Response Workers and Volunteers
Authors: Perritt Kara R. , Herbert Robin , Levin Stephen M. , Moline Jacqueline 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIntroduction: In 2002, the Mount Sinai Center for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, with support from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), began coordinating the World Trade Center (WTC) Worker and Volunteer Medical Screening Program (MSP) to monitor the health of qualified WTC responders. Enrolled participants were offered a clinical examination; interviewed to collect medical, mental health, and exposure information; and requested to complete a self-administered medical questionnaire. The objective of this study was to better understand work-related injuries and illnesses sustained on-site by WTC responders.Methods: A descriptive analysis of select data from the MSP self-administered medical questionnaire was conducted. Data collected July 2002 through April 2004 from MSP participants enrolled at the Mount Sinai clinic were reviewed using univariate statistical techniques.Results: Records from 7,810 participants were analyzed, with most participants associated with either the construction industry (n = 2,623, 34%) or law enforcement (n = 2,036, 26%). Approximately a third of the participants (n = 2,486, 32%) reported at least one injury or illness requiring medical treatment that was sustained during WTC work/volunteer activities. Of the total 4,768 injuries/illnesses reported by these participants, respiratory complaints were most common (n = 1,350, 28%), followed by traumatic injuries excluding eye injuries (n = 961, 20%), eye injuries/ailments (n = 709, 15%), chest pain (n = 375, 8%), headaches (n = 359, 8%), skin conditions (n = 178, 4%), and digestive system conditions (n = 163, 3%). Participants reported that 36% of injuries/illnesses were treated off-site and 29% were treated on-site, with the remaining not specifying treatment location. Off-site treatment was prevalent for respiratory complaints, psychological stress, and chest pain. On-site treatment was predominate for eye injuries/ailments and traumatic injuries excluding eye injuries.Conclusion: Study results underscore the need for rapid deployment of personal protective equipment for disaster responders and medical care stations mobilized near disaster worksites. Additionally, the results, many of which are comparable to findings from previous WTC studies where data were collected in real-time, indicate that a screening program such as the MSP may be effective in retrospectively providing general information on disaster responder demographics and work-related injuries and illnesses.
Sexual Violence Trends between 2004 and 2008 in South Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Bartels Susan A. , Scott Jennifer A. , Leaning Jennifer , Kelly Jocelyn T. , Mukwege Denis , Joyce Nina R. , VanRooyen Michael J. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIntroduction: For more than a decade, conflict in the Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has been claiming lives. Within that conflict, sexual violence has been used by militia groups to intimidate and punish communities, and to control territory. This study aimed to: (1) investigate overall frequency in number of Eastern DRC sexual assaults from 2004 to 2008 inclusive; (2) determine if peaks in sexual violence coincide with known military campaigns in Eastern DRC; and (3) study the types of violence and types of perpetrators as a function of time.Methods: This study was a retrospective, descriptive, registry-based evaluation of sexual violence survivors presenting to Panzi Hospital between 2004 and 2008.Results: A total of 4,311 records were reviewed. Throughout the five-year study period, the highest number of reported sexual assaults occurred in 2004, with a steady decrease in the total number of incidents reported at Panzi Hospital from 2004 through 2008. The highest peak of reported sexual assaults coincided with a known militant attack on the city of Bukavu. A smaller sexual violence peak in April 2004 coincided with a known military clash near Bukavu. Over the five-year period, the number of sexual assaults reportedly perpetrated by armed combatants decreased by 77% (p = 0.086) and the number of assaults reportedly perpetrated by non-specified perpetrators decreased by 92% (p < 0.0001). At the same time, according to the hospital registry, the number of sexual assaults reportedly perpetrated by civilians increased 17-fold (p < 0.0001). This study was limited by its retrospective nature, by the inherent selection bias of studying only survivors presenting to Panzi Hospital, and by the use of a convenience sample within Panzi Hospital.Conclusions: After years of military rape in South Kivu Province, civilian adoption of sexual violence may be a growing phenomenon. If this is the case, the social mechanisms that prevent sexual violence will have to be rebuilt and sexual violence laws will have to be fully enforced to bring all perpetrators to justice. Proper rehabilitation and reintegration of ex-combatants may also be an important step towards reducing civilian rape in Eastern DRC.
Vulnerability and Resilience in a Group Intervention with Hospital Personnel during Exposure to Extreme and Prolonged War Stress
Authors: Palgi Yuval , Ben-Ezra Menachem , Possick Chaya 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe current study presents a pilot demonstration of a new therapeutic procedure to mitigate symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The pilot took place during the Second Lebanon War. Vulnerability and resilience statements, as well as post-traumatic symptoms, were measured among special army administrative staff (SAAS) who worked in a hospital setting during extreme and prolonged war stress. All 13 soldiers in the unit studied participated in seven group therapy intervention sessions. It was hypothesized that shifting the focus of therapeutic intervention from the scenes of the events to the personal and professional narratives of preparing for the event would change the content of the soldiers’ narratives. It was believed that subtracting the number of positive statements from the number of negative statements would yield increasingly higher “resilience scores” during and after the war. It also was believed that such a change would be reflected in reduction of post-traumatic symptoms. As expected, the participants showed a decrease in vulnerability and an increase in resilience contents, as well as a decrease in traumatic symptoms during and after the war. These findings may reflect the effects of the ceasefire, the mutually supportive attitude of the participants, and the therapeutic interventions.
Kepler, CoRoT and MOST: Time-Series Photometry from Space
Authors: Kjeldsen Hans , Bedding Timothy R. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractDuring the last 10 years we have seen a revolution in the quality and quantity of data for time-series photometry. The two satellites MOST and WIRE were the precursors for dedicated time-series missions. CoRoT (launched in 2006) has now observed more than 100,000 targets for exoplanet studies and a few hundred stars for asteroseismology, while Kepler (launched in 2009) is producing extended time-series data for years, aiming to discover Earth-size planets in or near the habitable zone. We discuss the accuracy of some of the parameters one may extract from the high-quality data from such photometric space missions, including the prospects for detecting oscillation-period changes due to real-time stellar evolution.
Long-term Monitoring with Small and Medium-sized Telescopes on the Ground and in Space
Authors: Charles P. A. , Kotze M. M. , Rajoelimanana A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe last 20 years have seen revolutionary developments of large-scale synoptic surveys of the sky, both from the ground (e.g., the MACHO and OGLE projects, which were targetted at micro-lensing studies) and in space (e.g., the X-ray All-Sky Monitor onboard RXTE). These utilised small and medium-sized telescopes to search for transient-like events, but they have now built up a huge database of long-term light-curves, thereby enabling archival research on a wide range of objects that has not been possible hitherto. This is illustrated with examples of long time-scale optical and X-ray variability studies from the field of X-ray binary research: the high-mass BeX binaries in the SMC (using MACHO and OGLE), and the bright galactic-bulge X-ray sources (mostly LMXBs, using RXTE/ASM). As such facilities develop greater capabilities in future and at other wavelengths (developments in South Africa will be described), real-time data processing will allow much more rapid follow-up studies with the new generation of queue-scheduled large telescopes such as SALT.
Opening the 100-Year Window for Time-Domain Astronomy
Authors: Grindlay Jonathan , Tang Sumin , Los Edward , Servillat Mathieu 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe large-scale surveys such as PTF, CRTS and Pan-STARRS-1 that have emerged within the past 5 years or so employ digital databases and modern analysis tools to accentuate research into Time Domain Astronomy (TDA). Preparations are underway for LSST which, in another 6 years, will usher in the second decade of modern TDA. By that time the Digital Access to a Sky Century @ Harvard (DASCH) project will have made available to the community the full sky Historical TDA database and digitized images for a century (1890–1990) of coverage. We describe the current DASCH development and some initial results, and outline plans for the “production scanning” phase and data distribution which is to begin in 2012. That will open a 100-year window into temporal astrophysics, revealing rare transients and (especially) astrophysical phenomena that vary on time-scales of a decade. It will also provide context and archival comparisons for the deeper modern surveys.
Spectroscopic Surveys
Authors: Primas Francesca 
Published: April 2012

AbstractSurveys, surveys, and yet more surveys! During the last decade we have all witnessed a flourishing of imaging and spectroscopic surveys, of different sizes and over different areas of the sky. Although initially set-up for specific scientific goals, they should all share a multi-purpose flavour that can boost their impact and their exploitation by the scientific community. There are, however, fields that need more dedicated observing strategies, coordination and possibly data infrastructure in order to exploit fully these huge datasets. Time-domain astronomy is one of them. In the following, I will review the very recent developments in spectroscopic surveys, and I will report on what ESO has been involved in and has committed itself to do.