bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fargesin improves lipid and glucose metabolism in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes and high‐fat diet‐induced obese mice
Authors: Lee Young‐Sil , Cha Byung‐Yoon , Choi Sun‐Sil , Harada Yumiko , Choi Bong‐Keun , Yonezawa Takayuki , Teruya Toshiaki , Nagai Kazuo , Woo Je‐Tae 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThis study examined the effects of fargesin, a neolignan isolated from Magnolia plants, on obesity and insulin resistance and the possible mechanisms involved in these effects in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes and high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced obese mice. Fargesin promoted the glucose uptake in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes. In HFD‐induced obese mice, fargesin decreased the body weight gain, white adipose tissue (WAT), and plasma triglyceride, non‐esterified fatty acid and glucose levels, and improved the glucose tolerance. Fargesin increased glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) protein expression and phosphorylation of Akt, AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), and acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACC) in both 3T3‐L1 adipocytes and WAT of HFD‐induced obese mice. Fargesin also decreased the mRNA expression levels of fatty acid oxidation‐related genes, such as peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α (PPARα), carnitine palmitoyltransferase‐1 (CPT‐1), uncoupling protein‐2 (UCP‐2) and leptin in WAT. Taken together, the present findings suggest that fargesin improves dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia by activating Akt and AMPK in WAT. © 2012 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
Differential effects of polyamine on the cytosolic and mitochondrial NADP‐isocitrate dehydrogenases
Authors: Murakami Keiko , Haneda Miyako , Iwata Shouko , Yoshino Masataka 
Published: June 2012

AbstractTwo isozymes of NADP‐dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases (EC 1.1.1.42) exist in mammalian tissues: mitochondrial (ICD1) and cytosolic (ICD2). Effects of polyamines such as spermine, spermidine, and putrescine on the cytosolic and mitochondrial NADP‐isocitrate dehydrogenases were analyzed kinetically. Spermine activated ICD2, the cytosolic NADP‐isocitrate dehydrogenase from rat liver with the increase in the maximal velocity and the decrease in the affinity for the substrates isocitrate and NADP. The activating action of spermine can be explained by "the uncompetitive effect," and the dissociation constant of spermine for the enzyme‐substrate complex was determined to be 1.68 mM. Spermidine and putrescine showed little or no effect. ICD1, the mitochondrial form of NADP‐isocitrate dehydrogenase from rat and porcine heart was inhibited by spermine effectively, and by spermidine and putrescine to a lesser extent. Spermine inhibited the enzyme competitively with respect to NADP, and noncompetitively with respect to isocitrate. Ki value of the enzyme for spermine was 1.3 mM. These results suggest that activation by spermine of cytosolic NADP‐isocitrate dehydrogenase can enhance the antioxidant activity by regeneration of GSH, and further is responsible for the stimulation of lipid biosynthesis in cytosol. Spermine may contribute to NADPH supply by enhancing transhydrogenase (EC1.6.1.2) activity through the spermine‐dependent activation of Ca2+‐incorporation to mitochondria. © 2012 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
Viagra als Hörschutz?
Authors: Harrer Roswitha 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWas haben Viagra und der Hörmechanismus im Innenohr miteinander zu tun? Der Zusammenhang, den Forscher der Universität Tübingen jüngst aufdeckten, könnte durchaus interessant für eine vorbeugende Behandlung von Hörschäden sein.
“Fluoridierung” von Wirkstoffen
Authors: Jaenicke Lothar 
Published: June 2012

AbstractDie Erfahrung zeigt und die theoretischen Vorstellungen bestätigen es: Die Einführung des kleinen, stark elektronegativen Fluor in Pharmadrogen erhöht oft ihre Wirkstoffeigenschaften, indem sie die Löslichkeit, Phasenverteilung und die Ligandeninteraktionen mit den Zielrezeptoren begünstigt. Dies gehört zum probaten Praxisrepertoire des Arzneimittelchemikers. Er ist also immer auf der Suche nach Methoden, Fluor oder fluorenthaltende aliphatische (z. B. –CF3) und aromatische Gruppen (z. B.
–C6H4F) in seine Synthetica einzuführen.
Elektronenspinresonanz‐Spektroskopie
Authors: Drescher Malte 
Published: June 2012

AbstractESR hat während der letzten zwei Jahrzehnte einen enor‐men methodischen und instrumentellen Fortschritt erfahren, insbesondere in den Bereichen gepulste ESR und Doppelresonanztechniken. Oft kombiniert mit ortsspezifischer Spinmarkierung finden diese Methoden Anwendungen in verschiedensten Gebieten der Chemie und vor allem der Biostrukturforschung. Am Beispiel des intrinsisch ungeordneten Parkinson‐Proteins Alpha‐Synuclein wird die Leistungsfähigkeit moderner ESR‐Spektroskopie illustriert.
W.E. Richartz, W. von Bebenburg – Schriftsteller und Chemiker
Authors: Offermanns Heribert 
Published: June 2012

AbstractProfessor Roald Hoffmann zum 75. Geburtstag gewidmet.In diesem Beitrag steht der Chemiker W.v.B. im Mittelpunkt. Für ein Gesamtportrait von Sven Hanuschek siehe den nachfolgenden Text in diesem Heft (S. 160–166).
Removal of manganese from water by electrocoagulation: Adsorption, kinetics and thermodynamic studies
Authors: Ganesan Pandian , Lakshmi Jothinathan , Sozhan Ganapathy , Vasudevan Subramanyan 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe present study provides an electrocoagulation process for the removal of manganese (Mn) from water using magnesium as anode and galvanised iron as cathode. The various operating parameters like effect of initial pH, current density, electrode configuration, inter‐electrode distance, coexisting ions and temperature on the removal efficiency of Mn were studied. The results showed that the maximum removal efficiency of 97.2% at a pH of 7.0 was achieved at a current density 0.05 A/dm2 with an energy consumption of 1.151 kWhr/m3. Thermodynamic parameters, including the Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy, indicated that the Mn adsorption of water on magnesium hydroxides was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic. The experimental data were fitted with several adsorption isotherm models to describe the electrocoagulation process. The adsorption of Mn preferably fitting the Langmuir adsorption isotherm suggests monolayer coverage of adsorbed molecules. In addition, the adsorption kinetic studies showed that the electrocoagulation process was best described using the second‐order kinetic model at the various current densities. © 2012 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Synthesis and characterization of semiconductor metal sulfide nanocrystals using microemulsion technique
Authors: Tolia Jyoti , Chakraborty Mousumi , Murthy Z. V. P. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe semiconductor nanocrystals ZnS, PbS, CdS and CuS were synthesized via microemulsion technique involving metal acetate, reducing agent (Na2S) and Triton X‐100 as surfactant. Nanocrystals were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The average size of ZnS, PbS, CdS and CuS nanocrystals were found to be 5.6 nm, 13.3 nm, 11.4 nm and 6.2 nm, respectively. Different parameters like surfactant (Triton X‐100) concentration, water‐to‐surfactant ratio (ω), precursor concentration [zinc acetate, (Zn(AC)2], reducing agent concentration [sodium sulphide, (Na2S)] were optimized to synthesize ZnS quantum dots.
Zu den Felsklassifikationen mit Indexwerten im Tunnelbau
Authors: Anagnostou Georgios , Pimentel Erich 
Published: June 2012

AbstractKlassifikationen aufgrund von Indexwerten wie Q oder RMR, die sich aus der Multiplikation oder Addition verschiedener physikalischer Parameter oder gar Bewertungen ergeben, dürfen weder zur Beurteilung des Gebirgsverhaltens beim Vortrieb noch zur Festlegung der Ausbruchsicherung herangezogen werden. Ein Klassifikationssystem sollte nur jene Merkmale und Eigenschaften zum Gegenstand haben, die für die Beantwortung konkreter Fragestellungen der Planung signifikant sind. Die genannten Indexwerte erfüllen diese Bedingung nicht. Wissenschaftlich unhaltbar sind auch die verschiedentlich vorgeschlagenen Beziehungen zwischen dem so genannten GSI‐Wert und dem Gebirgs‐E‐Modul oder den Festigkeitsparametern der so genannten empirischen Hoek‐Brownschen Bruchbedingung. Letztere ist weder genauer, noch einfacher als die in der Geotechnik etablierte Mohr‐Coulombsche Bruchbedingung. Die empirische Basis der postulierten Beziehungen zwischen den Gebirgsparametern und dem GSI wurde nie veröffentlicht. Eine kritische Überprüfung dieser Beziehungen ist daher nicht möglich.On the rock mass classifications with indices in tunnelling.Classifications based on indices such as Q or RMR, which result from the multiplication or addition of various physical parameters or ratings, should not be used to estimate the rock mass behaviour or the necessary tunnel support. A classification system should take account only of the characteristics and properties that are significant when addressing specific planning issues. The mentioned indices do not fulfil this condition. The proposed relationships between the so‐called Geological Strength Index (GSI) and the rock mass parameters under the empirical Hoek‐Brown failure condition are also scientifically untenable. This failure condition is neither more accurate nor easier to handle than the familiar linear Mohr‐Coulomb condition. The proposed relationships defy scientific testing because their empirical basis has never been published and, in addition, they contain non‐measurable entities.
Zum Tragfähigkeitsnachweis für horizontal belastete Pfähle für die Grenzzustände GEO‐2 und GEO‐3
Authors: Achmus Martin 
Published: June 2012

AbstractHorizontal belastete Pfähle kommen häufig in der Offshore‐Technik zum Einsatz, in jüngerer Zeit insbesondere als Gründungselemente für Offshore‐Windenergieanlagen. Hierbei handelt es sich um offene Stahlrohrpfähle mit Außendurchmessern – je nach Art der Gründungsstruktur – zwischen etwa 2 m und mehr als 5 m. Das Tragverhalten solcher Pfähle wird in der Praxis mit dem Bettungsmodulverfahren berechnet, und auch der Tragfähigkeitsnachweis wird unter Anwendung dieses Verfahrens geführt. International ist dabei die Bemessung für den Grenzzustand GEO‐3 üblich, während in Deutschland gemäß DIN 1054 die Bemessung für den Grenzzustand GEO‐2 vorzunehmen ist. In dem Aufsatz werden diesbezügliche Parameterstudien für flexible und steife bis annähernd starre Pfähle dargestellt. Es zeigt sich, dass die beiden Nachweisverfahren bei flexiblen Pfählen zu völlig unterschiedlichen zulässigen Pfahlbelastungen führen. Dies ist aber irrelevant, weil bei solchen Pfählen der Nachweis der Pfahlbiegespannungen bemessungsentscheidend ist. Bei sehr steifen Pfählen ergeben sich dagegen bei Ansatz der offshore‐üblichen Teilsicherheitsbeiwerte ähnliche zulässige Belastungen. Für sehr steife Monopiles wird gezeigt, dass der GEO‐3‐Nachweis – unter Ansatz der offshore üblichen Teilsicherheitsbeiwerte, d.h. insbesondere gleicher Teilsicherheitsbeiwert wie für den GEO‐2‐Nachweis auf der Einwirkungsseite – in der Regel auf der sicheren Seite liegt.On the capacity proof for horizontally loaded piles for GEO‐2 and GEO‐3 limit states. Horizontally loaded piles are often used in offshore applications, recently in particular as foundation elements for offshore wind energy converters. Here open‐ended steel pipe piles are used, which have diameters between around 2 m and more than 5 m. The bearing behaviour of such piles is calculated with subgrade reaction methods, and these methods are also used in the ULS check regarding pile capacity. Internationally, the design is usually done for the GEO‐3 limit state, whereas in Germany a design proof for the GEO‐2 limit state is compulsory according to DIN 1054. In the paper, parametric studies on that matter are carried out for flexible and stiff or almost rigid piles. It is shown that both methods lead to totally different results for flexible piles. However, this is not relevant since for such piles the limitation of bending stresses in the pile is design‐driving. For very stiff piles, both methods give similar results when the usual partial safety factors for offshore structures are applied. For monopiles it is shown that, using the usual safety factors and in particular the same load factor as for GEO‐2, the GEO‐3 proof usually gives conservative results.
Features of Capacitance and Mobility of Injected Carriers in Organic Layers Measured by Impedance Spectroscopy
Authors: Montero José M. , Bisquert Juan 
Published: June 2012

AbstractTransport of charge carriers in organic layers plays a relevant role in the performance of electronic devices such as light‐emitting diodes, solar cells, and photodetectors. The presence of energetically distributed traps severely affects the measured transport coefficient and the charge‐storage features in the film. We summarize recent theoretical work on impedance spectroscopy models for space–charge limited current of a single carrier in a multiple trapping model, which describes the experimental behavior usually observed in organic layers with injected charge carriers well. Two main physical effects are obtained from the numerical and analytical treatment. First, carriers in slow traps that do not follow alternating current modulation provide an increase in the capacitance at low frequency, and second, those in fast traps remain in equilibrium with the transport state increasing the transit time. Analysis also provides a unified interpretation of models with field‐ or carrier‐density dependence on mobility.
High temporal and spatial resolution imaging of peripheral vascular malformations
Authors: Mostardi Petrice M. , Young Phillip M. , McKusick Michael A. , Riederer Stephen J. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPurpose:To assess the performance of a recently developed 3D time‐resolved CE‐MRA technique, Cartesian Acquisition with Projection‐Reconstruction‐like sampling (CAPR), for accurate characterization and treatment planning of vascular malformations of the periphery.Materials and Methods:Twelve patient studies were performed (eight female, four male; average age, 33 years). The protocol consisted of three‐dimensional (3D) time‐resolved CE‐MRA followed by a single late phase T1‐weighted acquisition. Vascular malformations were imaged in the forearm, hand, thigh, and foot. Imaging evaluation was performed for accurate characterization of lesion type, identification of feeding and draining vessels, involvement with surrounding tissue, overall quality for diagnosis and treatment planning, and correlation with conventional angiography.Results:Time‐resolved CE‐MRA allowed for characterization of malformation flow and type. Feeding and draining vessels were identified in all cases. Overall quality for diagnosis and treatment planning was 3.58/4.0, and correlation with conventional angiography was scored as 3.89/4.0.Conclusion:The CAPR time series has been shown to portray the temporal dynamics and structure of vascular malformations as well as the normal vasculature with high quality. CAPR time‐resolved imaging is able to accurately characterize high and low flow lesions, allowing for pretreatment lesion assessment and treatment planning. Delayed imaging is important to capture complete filling of very slow flow vascular malformations. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:933–942. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Progression and management of Wegener's granulomatosis in the head and neck
Authors: Taylor Stanford C. , Clayburgh Daniel R. , Rosenbaum James T. , Schindler Joshua S. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To describe the otolaryngologic presentation and natural history of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), previously known as Wegener's granulomatosis, and to compare otolaryngologic outcomes of patients with systemic GPA to those with a limited form of GPA confined to the head and neck.Study Design:Retrospective chart review.Methods:Review of GPA cases (identified by serology, biopsy, or clinical presentation) seen in the otolaryngology department of an academic medical center.Results:A total of 24 patients were identified; each patient was followed for an average 6.8 years. Sinusitis and subglottic stenosis were the most commonly observed head and neck manifestations at diagnosis, seen in 64% and 36%, respectively. Over time, disease spread to additional sites in more than half the cohort (n = 14), but only two of 13 patients with disease initially limited to the head and neck developed pulmonary disease, and none developed renal disease. Cumulatively, otitis media was more likely to be observed in patients with systemic disease (P = .04). Patients with localized (n = 12) and systemic (n = 12) GPA did not have significantly different rates of surgical interventions (0.55 vs. 0.72 surgical interventions/patient‐year of follow‐up, respectively, P = .19).Conclusions:GPA has a variety of head and neck manifestations, most commonly sinusitis, nasal disease, subglottic stenosis, and otitis media. GPA commonly progresses to involve additional sites, regardless of the extent of disease. These patients require frequent surgical intervention, and the clinician should remain vigilant for progression of disease.
A pilot study of segmental mandibulectomy with surgical navigation using fluorine‐18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron‐emission tomography/computed tomography
Authors: Chien Chih‐Yen , Chuang Hui‐Ching , Huang Shu‐Hua , Lin Wei‐Che , Huang Husan‐Ying 
Published: June 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To evaluate the efficacy of treating lower gum cancer using fluorine‐18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron‐emission tomography/computed tomography ([18] F‐FDG PET/CT) surgical navigation to control bony margins during segmental mandibulectomy.Study Design:This study was conducted between September 2010 and June 2011 in a tertiary referral center in southern Taiwan.Methods:Segmental mandibulectomy was performed using surgical navigation via [18] F‐FDG PET/CT. Bony margins after decalcification, the 1‐year survival rate, and local control rate were evaluated.Results:Ten cases of advanced lower gum cancer in male patients were treated by mandibulectomy, and the bony margins required to excise all neoplastic cells were negative in all cases by using surgical navigation. The minimal distance from the tumor border to the bony incision was 2 cm (2.0–2.9 cm). The mean follow‐up period was 15.2 months (range, 6–24 months) with a 1‐year survival rate of 90% and local control rate of 100%.Conclusions:The segmental mandibulectomy aided by surgical navigation with [18] F‐FDG PET/CT guidance is simple and feasible to ensure adequate bony margins intraoperatively, but more patients are necessary to support these findings.
Intrinsically Fluorescent Microspheres with Superior Thermal Stability and Broad Ultraviolet‐Visible Absorption Based on Hybrid Polyphosphazene Material
Authors: Pan Tingjun , Huang Xiaobin , Wei Hao , Wei Wei , Tang Xiaozhen 
Published: June 2012

AbstractMore and more attention is focused on monodispersed, functionalized microspheres with tunable size. In this article, a facile, efficient self‐assembly process is successfully developed to fabricate novel monodispersed microspheres based on hybrid polyphosphazene, and the size of the microspheres is proven to be easily tailorable. The polymer exhibits excellent thermal and intrinsically fluorescent properties which make up the deficiency of generally fluorescent material prepared by embedding with quantum dots or dyes in some special domains. In addition, a broad ultraviolet‐visible absorption is observed from 300 to 450 nm, and all these superior properties may result in potential applications in ablation‐resistant materials, solar energy photoelectric materials and biomaterials.
Highly Defined Multiblock Copolypeptoids: Pushing the Limits of Living Nucleophilic Ring‐Opening Polymerization
Authors: Fetsch Corinna , Luxenhofer Robert 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAdvanced macromolecular engineering requires excellent control over the polymerization reaction. Living polymerization methods are notoriously sensitive to impurities, which makes a practical realization of such control very challenging. Reversible‐deactivation radical polymerization methods are typically more robust, but have other limitations. Here, we demonstrate by repeated (≥10 times) chain extension the extraordinary robustness of the living nucleophilic ring‐opening polymerization of N‐substituted glycine N‐carboxyanhydrides, which yields polypeptoids. We observe essentially quantitative end‐group fidelity under experimental conditions that are comparatively easily managed. This is employed to synthesize a pentablock quinquiespolymer with high definition.
Does patient age impact outcomes of neuromodulation?
Authors: Peters Kenneth M. , Killinger Kim A. , Gilleran Jason , Boura Judith A. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAimsWe evaluated whether patients stratified by age have the same level of risks/benefits after a staged neuromodulation procedure for refractory voiding symptoms.MethodsUrologic diagnosis, complications, and revisions were collected from medical records of adults enrolled in our prospective observational study. Symptoms were assessed over 2 years with diaries, Interstitial Symptom‐Problem Indices (ICSI‐PI), and the Overactive Bladder Questionnaire‐SF (OAB‐q SF). 12‐item Short‐Form Health Survey (SF‐12v2®) mental (MCS) and physical (PCS) component summaries evaluated quality of life. Data were examined with Pearson Chi‐square or Fisher's Exact test, Kruskal‐Wallis tests, and repeated measures analyses.ResultsPatients (83% female) were grouped by age (years): <40 (n = 46), 40–64 (n = 146), and ≥65 (n = 136). Urge incontinence was predominant in the older groups and more patients <40 had interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS). In the <40, 40–64, and ≥65 groups, respectively, generator implant (91%, 88%, and 89%) and explant (15%, 12%, and 10%) rates were similar. Complications (24%, 14%, and 9%; P = 0.031) and revisions (20%, 5%, and 6%; P = 0.0025) differed. For the three respective groups, urinary frequency (P < 0.0001 for all), nocturia (P < 0.0001 for all), incontinence episodes (P < 0.0001 for all), urgency (P = 0.0474, P < 0.0001, P = 0.0020), ICSI‐PI (P = 0.0015, P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001), and OAB‐q scores improved over time. Incontinence severity improved in those >65 (P = 0.0015). SF‐12 PCS improved in those 40–64 (P = 0.0482) and MCS scores improved in the <40 and 40–64 age groups (P = 0.013 and P = 0.0440, respectively).ConclusionsThese data suggest that neuromodulation success is not age dependent, however continued study is needed to confirm findings. Neurourol. Urodynam. 32: 30–36, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tramadol enhances urethral continence function through µ‐opioid receptors in rats
Authors: Oyama Tatsuya , Kawai Yuko , Oka Michiko 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAims(±)‐Tramadol hydrochloride (tramadol) is a widely used analgesic that stimulates the µ‐opioid receptor and inhibits the reuptake of serotonin and noradrenalin. Although tramadol is also known to inhibit the micturition reflex in rats, its effects on urethral continence function have not been reported. We therefore examined whether intravenous tramadol (1, 3, and 10 mg/kg) affects intraurethral pressure, bladder leak point pressure, and leak volume in urethane‐anesthetized female rats.Methods(1) The intraurethral pressure was recorded with a microtip pressure transducer placed at the maximum pressure zone of the intrinsic urethral sphincter. (2) Gentle pressure was directly applied to the saline‐filled bladder with a cotton bud until leakage occurred, and the bladder pressure at the moment of leakage was taken as the bladder leak point pressure. (3) The leak volume was measured as the amount of fluid leakage from the urethral orifice after electrical stimulation of abdominal muscles.ResultsTramadol significantly increased the intraurethral pressure. Both tramadol and morphine increased the bladder leak point pressure and decreased the leak volume. These changes were reversed by subcutaneous pretreatment with naloxone.ConclusionsTramadol improved urethral function and inhibited urinary incontinence through µ‐opioid receptors. Neurourol. Urodynam. 32: 98–103, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.