bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging and fiber tracking of trigeminal nerves in relapsing herpetic keratouveitis
Authors: LABETOULLE M , NASSER G , DE MONCHY I , GENDRON G , OFFRET H , DUCREUX D , BENOUDIBA F 
Published: September 2009

Abstract Purpose To study the trigeminal fibres (TGFs) using diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DTMRI) in relapsing herpetic kerato‐uveitis. Methods The TGFs of 11 patients (average age: 57+/‐9 years), addressed for relapsing unilateral kerato‐uveitis related to Herpes simplex virus (HSV) or varicelle‐zoster virus (VZV), were tested using DTMRI. The diagnosis of HSV‐ or VZV‐related disease was based on PCR or specific antibodies production within the aqueous humor, or on medical history (zoster). At the time of DTMRI, the kerato‐uveitis was in a quiescent period (no recent increase of inflammation). Data were retrospectively assessed by a blinded examiner to compare the affected‐side with the non‐affected one and with data from sex‐ and age‐matched normal subjects. Results The DTRMI processing showed a significant difference in the mean isotropic fraction within trigeminal fibres innervating the affected side, compared to the non‐affected side (0.41 versus 0.49, p = 0,003). There also was a trend in difference between results of the affected side of patients and those of control subjects (0.41 versus 0.44, p =0,12), whereas it was not the case for DTRMI results of non‐affected sides (p=0.23). Conclusion DTMRI is an emerging technique that allows an accurate analysis of neuronal networks in patients. Our results suggest that multiple HSV or VZV reactivation episodes induce persistent trigeminal fibres injuries (as shown by reduction of the mean isotropic fraction), that probably reflects a significant decrease in the amount of nerve endings.
Uveal melanoma: management and outcome of patients with extraocular spread
Authors: CASSOUX N , BELLMANN C , LUMBROSO‐LE ROUIC L , LEVY‐GABRIEL C , PLANCHER C , ASSELIN B , DENDALE R , DESJARDINS L 
Published: September 2009

Abstract Purpose Extraocular spread is thought to be a negative prognostic factor on survival of the patient with uveal melanoma. Depending on the size of the tumor and the type of extraocular extension conservative treatments can be employed. Methods 2256 patients were treated between 2000 and 2007 at the Institut Curie, Paris, France for an uveal melanoma. 67 patients (3.0%) presented an extraocular extension. A retrospective study was performed to evaluate the patients outcome with regard to tumour recurrence and their survival. Results Results: Eye‐conserving treatment was employed in 38 (52.8%) patients. An enucleation was performed in 29 (47.2%) patients. The median follow‐up was 38 (range 7 ‐ 79) months with an overall survival rate at 5‐years of 40.4% in enucleated patients and 79.3% in the eye‐ conserving treatment group (protons n=19, iodine‐125 plaque n = 19) (p = 0.01; Kaplan‐ Meier analysis). No tumor recurrence was observed in any group. Degree of extraocular spread as well as the clinical characteristics tumor location, retinal detachment, ciliary body involvement (p < 0.01; Chi‐square test) and tumor thickness (p = 0.04; Chi‐square test) influenced the choice of treatment. Age, tumor diameter, involving optic nerve, vitreous hemorrhage, achromic lesion was without any influence. Conclusion Conclusion: No tumor recurrence and no lower survival rate were observed in patients receiving an eye‐conserving treatment. They may represent thus a therapeutic option in selected patients with extraocular spread.
Cytogenetic profile of locally invasive posterior uveal melanoma
Authors: PARROZZANI R , ALEMANY‐RUBIO E , PILOTTO E , URBAN F , BONALDI L , MIDENA E 
Published: September 2009

Abstract Purpose To analyze cytogenetic profile of locally invasive posterior uveal melanoma (UM). Methods Twenty consecutive cases of large posterior UM with histopathologically confirmed extrascleral extension were included in this non‐comparative cases series. Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of the intraocular tumor portion was performed using 25‐gauge trans‐scleral approach, immediately after enucleation of the globe. FNAB of the extrascleral tumor portion was also performed when it was > 1mm in thickness. Sampled material underwent fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Follow‐up was longer than 12 months. Results Six tumors (30%) had both intraocular and extraocular tumor samplings, whereas 14 tumors (70%) showed extrascleral extension less than 1 mm in thickness. Monosomy 3 was found in 5 tumors (25%), whereas disomy 3 in 15 tumors (75%). Cytogenetic profile of the intraocular tumor portion appears to be maintained in the extrascleral extension in all cases (100%). Five patients (25%) developed metastatic disease during follow‐up (all had monosomy 3 tumors). Conclusion Extrascleral extension appears more frequent in disomy 3 tumors. Cytogenetic profile of locally invasive posterior UM is maintained in the extrascleral tumor portion and must be considered the most important prognostic factor in locally invasive tumors.
Anti‐VEGF therapy and influence of vitreomacular traction in wet AMD
Authors: CORTES MORA N , LOPEZ GALVEZ MI , MANZANAS LEAL L , RODRIGUEZ DE LA RUA FRANCH E , GIRALDO ARGUELLO A 
Published: September 2009

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study is to describe the results of anti Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) therapy in Wet Age Macular Degeneration (Wet‐AMD) and the posible rol of vitreomacular traction (VMT). Methods Descriptive, retrospective, interventional case series study of Wet‐AMD patients diagnosed by angiography (AFG) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) and treated with anti‐VEG . All patients received an initial charge course of three doses, and consecutive new doses if required by monthly follow up. Vitreomacular status was evaluated by OCT. Inactivation was defined by the absense of new subretinal fluid on OCT and AFG. Minimun follow up of six months after the last dose. Results Of 76 treated patients, 27 met the inclusion criteria, 12 men and 15 women with a mean age of 79,9 years (standar deviation of 6,2). 11 had VMT and 16 had not. 48% (13/27) of patients became inactive after initial charge course, 18% (5/27) after initial good response became active despite consecutive aditional doses and 33% (9/27) required more dosis but finally achieved inactivation, but did not improve visual acuity. Between patients with VMT there were more prevalence of patients who needed seven or more doses to stabilize the disease (p=0,003). Conclusion Consecutive dosis of anti‐VEGF after inicial charge course are needed to inactivate one third of patients, but these patients have poorer funtional results. VMT seems to be a bad prognosis factor.
Long‐term result of intravitreal steroid for macular oedema: 2 to 5 year follow‐up of 92 eyes
Authors: ZAIDI F , ANSARI E 
Published: September 2009

Abstract Purpose A topical area is how best to manage diabetic macular oedema (intravitreal steroid, laser, anti‐VEGF). However little or no long‐term data exists for steroids. We hence studied the 2 to 5‐year results of intravitreal triamcinolone (IVTA) in diabetic macular oedema. Methods A retrospective cohort of 92 eyes was recruited, inclusion criteria subjects with diabetic macular oedema injected with 4mg / ml IVTA with regular follow‐up of 2 to 5 years. Exclusion criteria were subjects with non‐diabetic oedema (uveitis, vascular, post‐operative) and baseline foveal ischaemia at time of first injection. The following were recorded: visual acuity, central retinal thickness (OCT) prior, 1 month after (+/‐ 1 week) and 3 months post‐IVTA (+/‐ 2 weeks), complications, and angiograms pre‐ and post‐treatments. 88% had Type 2 diabetes. Mean duration of diagnosis of diabetes was 14 years, mean age 64 (29‐84). Results At 2 to 5 years IVTA continued to be effective both in improving visual acuity and reducing macular thickness in 76% of subjects, including after multiple injections. In 24% of subjects foveal ischaemia limited outcome, usually 36 to 54 months post initial treatment. In 8% of subjects a repeat injection was associated with cessation of leakage for 2 to 3 years, or a persistent marked dimunition in leakage of in excess of 100 microns, thereafter vision dropping to 6/12 to 6/18 despite further injections. Intra‐ocular pressure rises were controlled topically, there was one case of sterile endophthalmitis. Conclusion IVTA continues to offer significant visual benefit and reduction in macular thickness 2 to 5 years after initiation of therapy, including after multiple injections. Therapeutic potential is limited by ischaemia in 24% of subjects.
Assessment of retinal arteriolar hemodynamics in patients pre‐ and post‐cataract extraction
Authors: HUDSON C , AZIZI B , WAN J , WONG T , SINGER S 
Published: September 2009

Abstract Purpose We have previously demonstrated that artificial light scatter results in the erroneous elevation of retinal vessel diameter and blood flow using densitometry based techniques. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of cataract on the quantitative, non‐invasive assessment of retinal arteriolar blood flow. Methods Of the original 30 recruited patients who were scheduled for extra‐capsular cataract extraction using phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation, ten patients between the ages of 61 and 84 (mean 73 ± 8) successfully completed the study protocol. Two visits were required to complete the study, one prior to the surgery and one at least six weeks after the surgery. Cataract status was documented using the Lens Opacity Classification System (LOCS, III) on the first visit. Retinal arteriolar hemodynamics were measured using the high intensity laser setting of the Canon Laser Blood Flowmeter (CLBF) on each visit. Results Group mean retinal arteriolar diameter and blood flow were significantly lower following extracapsular cataract extraction (Wilcoxon signed‐rank test, p=0.022 and p=0.028 respectively); however, centreline blood velocity was unchanged (Wilcoxon signed‐rank test, p=0.074). The primary reason for failure to complete the study protocol was due to poor retinal image quality impairing CLBF measurement. Conclusion Densitometry assessment of vessel diameter is extraneously impacted by the presence of cataract. Care needs to be exercised in the interpretation of studies of retinal vessel diameter and blood flow that utilize densitometry techniques.
Effects of conventional argon panretinal laser photocoagulation on retinal nerve fibre layer and driving visual fields in diabetic retinopathy
Authors: MUQIT MMK , GHANCHI FD , WAKELY L , HENSON DB , STANGA PE 
Published: September 2009

Abstract Purpose To determine the effects of argon green panretinal laser photocoagulation (AG‐PRP) on retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (RNFLT), threshold visual fields (VF), and Estermann full binocular VF over time. Methods Prospective, pilot clinical study of patients with newly‐diagnosed proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Time‐Domain optical coherence tomography (TD‐OCT) of optic nerve head and 24‐2 SITA‐Fast Humphrey/Estermann VF (HVF, EVF) recorded at baseline, 10 weeks and 6 months post‐laser. Quantitative field analysis of central 10º, 24º, and binocular VF. Results 10 eyes underwent uncomplicated multiple‐session 100ms AG‐PRP using 2000 burns, 400μm spot, and mean power 136 mW (SD 39.3). TD‐OCT detected and quantified an increase in mean RNFLT at 10 weeks (+8 μm; p<0.05) and progressive thinning at 6 months (‐4 μm; p<0.05) compared to baseline. Mean threshold sensitivities, 10° and 24°, improved at both time‐points in the majority (9/10 and 8/10) of patients. Masked grading of EVFs showed no significant change with treatment. Conclusion This pilot study demonstrates that conventional AG‐PRP may increase the RNFL in the short‐term, presumably related to laser‐induced axonal injury, with progressive thinning of RNFL in the longer‐term. The sensitivity of both 10° and 24° VFs improved significantly following AG‐PRP, and this central functional improvement may be due to a reduction in oedema folowing AG‐PRP. Binocular standard driving VFs performed within 6 months of AG‐PRP may actually reflect pre‐existing VF abnormalities due to severe retinal ischaemia or non‐viable retina at presentation, rather than direct functional loss from laser.
How should we quantify the performance of KPro's? VATI
Authors: GRABNER G , STOIBER J , HITZL W 
Published: September 2009

Abstract Purpose To report a method of standardized data collection and reporting and statistical assessment that can be used for all KPro´s available on the market. The database (will be presented) should be • Usable for different types of KPro´s • Easily adaptable to changes in technique • Allow for complete entry of relevant data Methods Visual Acuity data should be reported in different international surgical centres in a standardized manner: Best spectacle corrected VA, unless BCVA only possible with CL (> useful time of wear). A complete entry of all relevant data is possible in this database. The statistical analysis should be agreed upon by all centres. For Survival Time = Retention of KPro > the Kaplan‐Meier method For Visual Acuity over the Course of Time > the Monte‐Carlo method Results A database will be demonstrated that can be used free of charge by all KPro centres interested. The VISUAL ACUITY BY TIME‐ INDEX (VAT‐ Index) will also be presented, whose theoretical basis published in: Journal of Theoretical Medicine, 2002 / 4, 183‐190, W. Hitzl and G. Grabner [bdquo]Application of the Monte Carlo Method for the Assessment of Long‐term Success in Keratoprosthesis Surgery“. Example of its use will be give, based in data, courtesy Barraquer Eye Clinic, Barcelona. Conclusion With the Kaplan‐Meier method: + analysis is done quickly, uses all data available, hypotheses tests are available for comparisons and mean and median survival time can be computed ‐ no information about relation between time and best corrected visual acuity and the definition of terminal event is arbitrary to a certain extent. Monte‐Carlo method (VAT‐index): + Method is based on a so‐called non‐parametric longitudinal model + Reliabel estimation of relation between time and best corrected visual acuity at any given time point (patient as well as surgeon is basically interested in this relation). + statistically valid analysis and better comparison of different KPro techniques + easy comparison of defined postoperative periods + comparison of different initial clinical findings and diseases possible + long‐time follow‐up of BCVA ‐ shorter follow‐up time as compared with Kaplan‐Meier method (e.g. with strict [bdquo]80%data complete” criteria)
Clinical decision paths in KPro Surgery
Authors: GRABNER G , STOIBER J , HITZL W 
Published: September 2009

Abstract Purpose To analyse the currently available methods for treating very severe anterior segment disease, such as stem cell transplantation with amniotic membrane transplantation, lamellar and penetrating keratoplasty techniques, and the different Kpro´s currently available, in regard to the initial clinical findings, the potential complications encountered and the surgical requirements needed for the different techniques. Factors considered are: uni‐ or bilaterality, limbal stem cell status, dry eye status and availability of healthy teeth. Methods A systematic analysis of surgical options available for different stages of a variety of anterior segment diseases and currently published results of VA and complications Results With a systematic approach it becomes clear that some popular reconstructive surgical techniques should be avoided in cases where a very low chance of success is to be expected (e.g. amniotic membrane and stem cell transplantation and /or PKP in very dry eyes –> these would have to be treated with OOKP). Conclusion Following a simple the clinical decision path the anterior segment surgeon will be presented with standardized guidelines for treating those patients where conventional surgical procedures have to be avoided and replaced by rather rarely performed KPro techniques.
Safety evaluation of intravitreal use of a beta2‐agonist in rabbit eyes
Authors: VAN CALSTER J , VERSTRAETEN S , STALMANS P 
Published: September 2009

Abstract Purpose There is no known information on the use and safety of a long‐acting beta‐agonist, such as Clenbuterol when administered by intravitreal injection. Therefore, it is appropriate to perform this intravitreal injection in an animal model prior to start with a human experiment. The aim is to investigate the safety of an intravitreal injection of the beta2‐agonist Clenbuterol in rabbit eyes. This study is in preparation of using of this molecule in human eyes. That trial will be a monocentric, academic (investigator driven) trial to investigate the safety and efficacy of an intravitreal beta2‐agonist in patients with persistent subfoveal fluid after retinal detachment surgery. Approval of the ethics committee for the human trial has already been obtained, pending a re‐evaluation after the results of the animal study will be known. Methods 5 rabbits will receive an injection of 0.1 ml solution containing 0.08µg Clenbuterol in one eye and an injection of 0.1ml NaCl 0.9% in the other eye. Since the volume of an adult rabbit eye is only one third of an adult human eye, the achieved concentration with be three time the concentration suggested for use in a human eye.
The role of lox and LOXL2 in inflammation and fibrosis in a laser induced mouse model
Authors: VAN DE VEIRE S 
Published: September 2009

Abstract Purpose Lysyl oxidase (LOX) and lysyl oxidase‐like protein 2 (LOXL2) are involved in the cross‐linking of collagen and elastin in the extracellular space. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression LOX and LOXL2 in the eye (choroidea and retina) after laser‐induced chroidal neovascularization (CNV). We also want to check the anti‐angiogenic, anti‐inflammatory and anti‐fibrotic efficacy of anti‐LOX and anti‐LOXL2 antibody in a mouse model of age related macular degeneration (ARMD). Methods CNV will be induced in 8 to 10 weeks old C75Bl/6 mice, by placing 3 laser spots at 9, 12 and 3 o’clock position (50µm, 0.05 s and 400mW). Two daily injection with LOX(L) antibodies or control solution (PBS‐Tween 20%) will be given intraperitoneally from day 0 after lasering until day 34. Immediately after death, both eyes will be enucleated. One eye will be used to check RNA‐expression of LOX and LOXL. The other eye will be used to perform different immunohistochemical stainings (HE, Sirius Red, Trichrome, CD31, CD45 and LOX(L)). Results Preliminary results showed a significant increase of LOX and LOXL2 in the choroid and retina after lasering compared to control. Conclusion ARMD remains the most common cause of irreversible vision loss in people aged 50 years and older, due to (sub‐)retinal neovascularisation and scarring. It is already known that LOX and LOXL are playing a role in the cross linking of collagen and elastin, leading to an increase of fibrosis, and there is growing evidence that these molecules also play a role in neovascularisation. Therefore, a therapeutic potential of anti‐LOX and/or anti‐LOXL therapy can open new perspectives to treat CNV.
MICS and vitreo retinal surgeries
Authors: CREUZOT C 
Published: September 2009

Abstract Purpose Cataract represents the main complication occuring after vitreoretinal surgery. The purpose is to present the main advantages and convenients due to combined procedures. Methods Among the complications of vitrectomy, cataract represents the most common one as about 100% of patients will be operated within 5 years after initial surgery. However, surgeons have to face sometimes with severe complications when operating patient long time after vitreoretinal surgery. Combined procedures have become more and more popular especially for macular surgery. Results The main pros and cons of combined surgery have to be considered: specific surgical complications, problems due to the internal tamponade, macular edema, cost… Combined procedures will probably become the standard procedure in vitreoretinal surgeries. The use of transconjunctival vitrectomy as well as MICS contributes to the easier post‐operative follow‐up of the patients. Conclusion Combined surgery for vitreoretinal diseases will probably become the standard procedure due to the diffusion of transconjunctival surgery.
MICS and glaucoma
Authors: BRON AM 
Published: September 2009

Abstract Purpose Anterior segment imaging devices have brought a better understanding of the role of the lens in angle‐closure glaucoma. The key‐role of the lens in theses presentations seems to be crucial in open‐angle glaucoma as well. Methods With the growing evidence that the lens plays a more important role in glaucoma than previoulsy thought, it is expected that lens extraction will increase in the next coming years. Micro incision cataract surgery (MICS) offers a unique opportunity to achieve for these cases a safe and reliable procedure. We will focus on combined surgeries with lens extraction (either trabeculectomy or deep sclerectomy).The small size of the corneal incision allows a very good tightness of the incision. Therefore glaucoma surgery is performed on a hard globe with much ease. Conclusion MICS although dedicated to the field of cataract, yields a valuable improvement in the surgical management of the glaucomas.
Prophylaxis of posttraumatic endophthalmitis
Authors: ABU EL ASRAR A 
Published: September 2009

AbstractInfectious endophthalmitis is a devastating complication of open globe injuries. The incidence of culture‐positive endophthalmitis after open globe injuries varies between 0.5% and 17%. Several reports have demonstrated that delayed primary repair, dirty wound, breach of lens capsule, retained intraocular foreign body (IOFB), grade 4 injury (presenting visual acuity of worse than 5/200 to light perception), placement of primary intraocular lens, and rural setting are associated with an increased risk of posttraumatic endophthalmitis. Posttraumatic endophthalmitis is associated with its own microbiologic spectrum which is distinct from other subgroups of exogenous endophthalmitis. Posttraumatic endophthalmitis still carries a poor prognosis. Reasons for guarded prognosis include polymicrobial infection and the virulence of the infecting microorganisms. In addition, concomitant injuries may directly result in ocular damage that limits ultimate visual recovery. Because of the substantial incidence of endophthalmitis after open globe injuries, careful consideration should be given to the use of prophylactic antimicrobial therapy. The purpose of prophylaxis is to provide effective antibiotic levels as rapidly as possible against a broad range of organisms. Good coverage for most organisms is obtained with intravenous vancomycin coupled with a third generation cephalosporin, such as ceftazidime, which can penetrate the vitreous cavity in effective levels in inflamed aphakic experimental eyes. Recently, the use of prophylactic intravitreal antibiotic administration in high‐risk cases was recommended.
Animal studies for the prevention of endophthalmitis
Authors: KOWALSKI RP 
Published: September 2009

AbstractTopical anti‐infectives are commonly used to prevent post‐surgical endophthalmitis. Animal models can be used for the development and selection of topical anti‐infectives for optimizing ocular surgical prophylaxis. The primary outcome measures for providing prophylactic efficiency are antibacterial efficacy and anti‐infective penetration into the anterior chamber. This curreent presentation will focus on a rabbit prevention of endophthalmitis model. Publish data will be presented detailing clinical correlation and limitations of the models.