bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Composite lightweight traffic classification system for network management
Authors: Li Jun , Zhang Shunyi , Li Cuilian , Yan Junrong 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAccurate and real‐time classification of network traffic is significant to a number of network operation and management tasks such as quality of service differentiation, traffic shaping and security surveillance. However, with emerging P2P applications using dynamic port numbers, IP masquerading techniques and payload encryption, accurate and intelligent traffic classification continues to be a big challenge despite a wide range of research work on the topic. Since each classification method has its disadvantages and hardly could meet the specific requirement of Internet traffic classification, this paper innovatively presents a composite traffic classification system. The proposed lightweight system can accurately and effectively identify Internet traffic with good scalability to accommodate both known and unknown/encrypted applications. Furthermore, It promises to satisfy various Internet uses and is feasible for use in real‐time line speed applications. Our experimental results show the distinct advantages of the proposed classification system. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation and properties of polysiloxane grafting multi‐walled carbon nanotubes/polycarbonate nanocomposites
Authors: Wang Mi , Li Bin , Wang Jing , Bai Peng 
Published: February 2010

AbstractCarboxyl multi‐wall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs‐COOH) were grafted by diaminopropyl terminated dimethylpolysiloxane (DPD) to the modified MWNTs‐COOH (MWNTs‐DPD). The surface structure and thermal stability of MWNTs‐DPD and MWNTs‐COOH were characterized using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Then PC/MWNTs‐COOH and PC/MWNTs‐DPD nanocomposites were prepared by the solution method and melt extrusion method. The mechanical properties, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), TGA, limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL‐94 test, and permittivity test were used to evaluate the properties of the composites. The results showed that the MWNTs‐DPD was dispersed well in the PC matrix, and its tensile strength, flexual strength, flexural modulus, and flame retardancy were better than that of PC/MWNTs‐COOH. MWNTs‐DPD can improve the electrical properties of the nanocomposites at the low loading in PC. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Plant‐extract‐induced changes in the proteome of the soil‐borne pathogenic fungus Thielaviopsis basicola
Authors: Coumans Joëlle V. F. , Moens Pierre D. J. , Poljak Anne , Al‐Jaaidi Samiya , Pereg Lily , Raftery Mark J. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThielaviopsis basicola is a hemibiotroph fungus that causes black root rot disease in diverse plants with significant impact on cotton production in Australia. To elucidate how T. basicola growth and proteome are influenced by interactions with natural sources, this fungus was cultured in the presence of root extracts from non‐host (wheat, hairy vetch) and susceptible host (cotton, lupin) plants. We found that T. basicola growth was significantly favored in the presence of host extracts, while hierarchical clustering analysis of 2‐DE protein profiles of T. basicola showed plant species had a larger effect on the proteome than host/non‐host status. Analysis by LC‐MS/MS of unique and differentially expressed spots and identification using cross‐species similarity searching and de novo sequencing allowed successful identification of 41 spots. These proteins were principally involved in primary metabolism with smaller numbers implicated in other diverse functions. Identification of several “morpho” proteins suggested morphological differences that were further microscopically investigated. Identification of several highly expressed spots suggested that vitamin B6 is important in the T. basicola response to components present in hairy vetch extract, and finally, three spots, induced in the presence of lupin extract, may correspond to malic enzyme and be involved in lipid accumulation.
Proteomics uncovers extreme heterogeneity in the Staphylococcus aureus exoproteome due to genomic plasticity and variant gene regulation
Authors: Ziebandt Anne‐Kathrin , Kusch Harald , Degner Marco , Jaglitz Sarah , Sibbald Mark J. J. B. , Arends Jan P. , Chlebowicz Monika A. , Albrecht Dirk , Pantuček Roman , Doškar Jiri , Ziebuhr Wilma , Bröker Barbara M. , Hecker Michael , van Dijl Jan Maarten , Engelmann Susanne 
Published: February 2010

AbstractSequencing of at least 13 Staphylococcus aureus isolates has shown that genomic plasticity impacts significantly on the repertoire of virulence factors. However, genome sequencing does not reveal which genes are expressed by individual isolates. Here, we have therefore performed a comprehensive survey of the composition and variability of the S. aureus exoproteome. This involved multilocus sequence typing, virulence gene, and prophage profiling by multiplex PCR, and proteomic analyses of secreted proteins using 2‐DE. Dissection of the exoproteomes of 25 clinical isolates revealed that only seven out of 63 identified secreted proteins were produced by all isolates, indicating a remarkably high exoproteome heterogeneity within one bacterial species. Most interesting, the observed variations were caused not only by genome plasticity, but also by an unprecedented variation in secretory protein production due to differences in transcriptional and post‐transcriptional regulation. Our data imply that genomic studies on virulence gene conservation patterns need to be complemented by analyses of the extracellular protein pattern to assess the full virulence potential of bacterial pathogens like S. aureus. Importantly, the extensive variability of secreted virulence factors in S. aureus also suggests that development of protective vaccines against this pathogen requires a carefully selected combination of invariably produced antigens.
A proteomic approach to the bilirubin‐induced toxicity in neuronal cells reveals a protective function of DJ‐1 protein
Authors: Deganuto Marta , Cesaratto Laura , Bellarosa Cristina , Calligaris Raffaella , Vilotti Sandra , Renzone Giovanni , Foti Rossana , Scaloni Andrea , Gustincich Stefano , Quadrifoglio Franco , Tiribelli Claudio , Tell Gianluca 
Published: February 2010

AbstractUnconjugated bilirubin (UCB) is a powerful antioxidant and a modulator of cell growth through the interaction with several signal transduction pathways. Although newborns develop a physiological jaundice, in case of severe hyperbilirubinemia UCB may become neurotoxic causing severe long‐term neuronal damages, also known as bilirubin encephalopathy. To investigate the mechanisms of UCB‐induced neuronal toxicity, we used the human neuroblastoma cell line SH‐SY5Y as an in vitro model system. We verified that UCB caused cell death, in part due to oxidative stress, which leads to DNA damage and cell growth reduction. The mechanisms of cytotoxicity and cell adaptation to UCB were studied through a proteomic approach that identified differentially expressed proteins involved in cell proliferation, intracellular trafficking, protein degradation and oxidative stress response. In particular, the results indicated that cells exposed to UCB undertake an adaptive response that involves DJ‐1, a multifunctional neuroprotective protein, crucial for cellular oxidative stress homeostasis. This study sheds light on the mechanisms of bilirubin‐induced neurotoxicity and might help to design a strategy to prevent or ameliorate the neuronal damages leading to bilirubin encephalopathy.
Differential proteomic analysis of lymphatic, venous, and arterial endothelial cells extracted from bovine mesenteric vessels
Authors: Nguyen Vicky P. K. H. , Hanna George , Rodrigues Natalie , Pizzuto Katerina , Yang Eric , Van Slyke Paul , Kim Harold , Chen Stephen H. , Dumont Daniel J. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractDifferential protein profiling by 2‐D PAGE is generally useful in biomarker discovery, proteome analysis and routine sample preparation prior to analysis by MS. The goal of this study was to compare 2‐D PAGE‐resolved protein profile of lymphatic endothelial cells to those of venous, and arterial endothelial cells isolated from lymphatic and blood vessels of bovine mesentery (bm). Three 2‐D PAGE electrophoretograms were produced for each of the three cell types and quantitatively analyzed. Protein identification by LC‐MS/MS was performed to identify 39 proteins found to be present at statistically significantly different levels in the three cell types (p<0.05). Most of the 39 proteins have not been previously reported in EC proteomic studies of 2‐D PAGE electrophoretograms. Three proteins, HSPA1B (HSP70 family member), HSPB1 (HSP27 family member), and UBE2D3 (a member of E2 ubiquitin‐conjugating enzymes) found to be at highest levels in bm arterial endothelial cells, bm venous endothelial cells, and bm lymphatic endothelial cells, respectively, were validated by immunoblotting with appropriate antibodies. The lack of substantial overlap between our results and those of other groups' comparative studies are discussed. Functional implications of differences in levels of various proteins identified in the three cell types are also discussed.
The impact of miR‐34a on protein output in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells
Authors: Cheng Jun , Zhou Lin , Xie Qin‐Fen , Xie Hai‐Yang , Wei Xu‐Yong , Gao Feng , Xing Chun‐Yang , Xu Xiao , Li Lan‐Juan , Zheng Shu‐Sen 
Published: February 2010

AbstractMicroRNAs are small non‐coding RNA molecules that play essential roles in biological processes ranging from cell cycle to cell migration and invasion. Accumulating evidence suggests that miR‐34a, as a key mediator of p53 tumor suppression, is aberrantly expressed in human cancers. In the present study, we aimed to explore the precise biological role of miR‐34a and the global protein changes in HCC cell line HepG2 cells transiently transfected with miR‐34a. Transfection of miR‐34a into HepG2 cells caused suppression of cell proliferation, inhibition of cell migration and invasion. It also induced an accumulation of HepG2 cells in G1 phase. Among 116 protein spots with differential expression separated by 2‐DE method, 34 proteins were successfully identified by MALDI‐TOF/TOF analysis. Of these, 15 downregulated proteins may be downstream targets of miR‐34a. Bioinformatics analysis produced a protein–protein interaction network, which revealed that the p53 signaling pathway and cell cycle pathway were two major hubs containing most of the proteins regulated by miR‐34a. Cytoskeletal proteins such as LMNA, GFAP, MACF1, ALDH2, and LOC100129335 are potential targets of miR‐34a. In conclusion, abrogation of miR‐34a function could cause downstream molecules to switch on or off, leading to HCC development.
Aβ and human amylin share a common toxicity pathway via mitochondrial dysfunction
Authors: Lim Yun‐An , Rhein Virginie , Baysang Ginette , Meier Fides , Poljak Anne , J. Raftery Mark , Guilhaus Michael , Ittner Lars M. , Eckert Anne , Götz Jürgen 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the elderly. Both diseases are characterized by amyloid deposition in target tissues: aggregation of amylin in T2DM is associated with loss of insulin‐secreting β‐cells, while amyloid β (Aβ) aggregation in AD brain is associated with neuronal loss. Here, we used quantitative iTRAQ proteomics as a discovery tool to show that both Aβ and human amylin (HA) deregulate identical proteins, a quarter of which are mitochondrial, supporting the notion that mitochondrial dysfunction is a common target in these two amyloidoses. A functional validation revealed that mitochondrial complex IV activity was significantly reduced after treatment with either HA or Aβ, as was mitochondrial respiration. In comparison, complex I activity was reduced only after treatment with HA. Aβ and HA, but not the non‐amyloidogenic rat amylin, induced significant increases in the generation of ROS. Co‐incubation of HA and Aβ did not produce an augmented effect in ROS production, again suggesting common toxicity mechanisms. In conclusion, our data suggest that Aβ and HA both exert toxicity, at least in part, via mitochondrial dysfunction, thus restoring their function may be beneficial for both AD and T2DM.
Practical recommendations for planning, constructing and maintaining infrastructure in mountain permafrost
Authors: Bommer Christian , Phillips Marcia , Arenson Lukas U. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractMountain infrastructure can be negatively affected by ground‐ice degradation induced by the combined effects of construction activity, the structure itself and climate change. Modification of subsurface conditions may cause differential settlement, creep and deformation of structures, substantially shortening their service life. Permafrost detection techniques and adaptive design methods taking into account changes in the geotechnical properties of the ground are rarely applied on construction sites in the Alps. The analysis of potential structural sensitivities to changes in the substrate and the determination of failure consequences are necessary for the successful design of durable infrastructure. Appropriate monitoring systems allow timely diagnoses and the application of suitable remedial measures. The use of specially conceived technical solutions in mountain permafrost is becoming widespread, yet there is not a commonly accepted state‐of‐the‐art. New recommendations provide an overview of practical solutions for the construction and maintenance of durable infrastructure in mountain permafrost. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Histrelin acetate: gonadorelin analogue given once a year
Authors: Chaplin Steve , Persad Raj 
Published: February 2010

AbstractHistrelin acetate (Vantas) is a gonadorelin analogue implant for the palliative treatment of advanced prostate cancer given once a year. In our New products review, Steve Chaplin presents the clinical data relating to its efficacy and adverse effects, and Mr Raj Persad considers its potential place in treatment. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Interface Ltd.
Appearance of long range magnetic order in a nonmagnetic periphery: Yb2Pd2(In,Sn)
Authors: Bauer E. , Khan R. T. , Giovannini M. , Ritter C. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractNeutron diffraction measurements as well as temperature, field and pressure dependent resistivity studies demonstrate the occurence of a dome‐like magnetic phase in ${\rm Yb}_2 {\rm Pd}_2 ({\rm In}_{1 - x} {\rm Sn}_x )$ (0.5 ≲ x ≲ 0.9) with antiferromagnetic ordering (${\bf k} = (0,0,1/2)$), whereas both ${\rm Yb}_2 {\rm Pd}_2 {\rm In}$ and ${\rm Yb}_2 {\rm Pd}_2 {\rm Sn}$ are nonmagnetic. The ordered moment and the ordering temperature of this phase is a result of a U‐shape‐like concentration dependence of the Kondo temperarature when proceeding from ${\rm Yb}_2 {\rm Pd}_2 {\rm In}$ to ${\rm Yb}_2 {\rm Pd}_2 {\rm Sn}$.
NQR study of pressure induced superconductivity in CeCu2Si2
Authors: Fujiwara K. , Okazaki Y. , Hata Y. , Miyoshi K. , Takeuchi J. , Kobayashi T. C. , Geibel C. , Steglich F. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe have measured nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) for 63Cu nuclei under high pressure up to 4.8 GPa. A linear increase in NQR frequency $^{63} \nu _{\rm Q}$ of 63Cu nuclei was observed below 3 GPa. However, $^{63} \nu _{\rm Q}$ deviates gradually from the linear relation above 3.5 GPa. The downward deviation is associated with a change of valence and consistent with the results of band calculations with the structural parameters under pressure. Antiferromagnetic (AFM) spin fluctuations are drastically suppressed with increasing pressure, whereas Tc increases from 0.7 K at ambient pressure to 1.64 K at 4.2 GPa. We have found that bulk superconductivity suddenly disappears at 4.8 GPa accompanied with a rapid decrease in the density of states at the Fermi level. magnified image
These are indenter pressure cells for NQR measurements.
Lu and La substituted Ce3Pd20Si6
Authors: Winkler H. , Laumann S. , Custers J. , Prokofiev A. , Paschen S. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn order to disentangle the effects of the two different crystallographic Ce sites in Ce3Pd20Si6on the intriguing low‐temperature properties of this compound, we have investigated polycrystalline samples of Ce3−xLuxPd20Si6($x = 1,2$) and Ce3−yLayPd20Si6($y = 1,2$). The lattice parameters and electrical resistivity measurements in the temperature range 2–300 K are presented. Lu‐substitution leads to a considerable decrease in the unit cell volume, corresponding to positive chemical pressure, while substitution with La expands the lattice much more gradually. We interpret the observed shifts in the characteristic temperatures for the onset of incoherent and coherent Kondo scattering,TminandTmax, respectively, by competing effects of chemical pressure and density of Kondo scatterers. We also investigate the important issue of preferential site occupation by Lu and La and present evidence for Ce2LaPd20Si6being an essentially ordered compound. The incoherent Kondo scattering dominating the electrical resistivity of Ce3Pd20Si6between 20 and 300 K appears to be caused by Ce at the 8c‐site only.
The development of the superconducting tetragonal PbO‐type FeSe and related compounds
Authors: Wu M. K. , Yeh K. W. , Hsu H. C. , Huang T. W. , Chen T. K. , Luo J. Y. , Wang M. J. , Chang H. H. , Ke C.T. , Moh M. H. , Rao S. M. D. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAn overview of the recent development of the superconducting FeSe1−x and related compounds is presented. Methods to synthesize high purity poly‐crystalline samples, single crystals, and thin films with preferred orientation are described. It was found that the effects of chemical doping to the Se‐site or Fe‐site are rather different. Ionic size of the doping is found to play critical role on the occurrence of superconductivity. We also review the physical properties, including transport, magnetic, and thermal properties. There exist interesting transport anomalies in the resistivity and Hall coefficient at low temperature; and it was found that a structural distortion at low temperature is critical to the occurrence of superconductivity in these materials. However, the exact origin of these observed anomalies are not clear, and the exact pairing symmetry in FeSe‐based superconductors is also still in question.
Low frequency spin dynamics in the quantum magnet copper pyrazine dinitrate
Authors: Kühne H. , Günther M. , Grossjohann S. , Brenig W. , Litterst F. J. , Reyes A. P. , Kuhns P. L. , Turnbull M. M. , Landee C. P. , Klauss H.‐H. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe S = 1/2 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chain exhibits a magnetic field driven quantum critical point. We study the low frequency spin dynamics in copper pyrazine dinitrate (CuPzN), a realization of this model system of quantum magnetism, by means of 13C‐NMR spectroscopy. Measurements of the nuclear spin–lattice relaxation rate $T_1^{ - 1}$ in the vicinity of the saturation field are compared with quantum Monte Carlo calculations of the dynamic structure factor. Both show a strong divergence of low energy excitations at temperatures in the quantum regime. The analysis of the anisotropic $T_1^{ - 1}$‐rates and frequency shifts allows one to disentangle the contributions from transverse and longitudinal spin fluctuations for a selective study and to determine the transfer of delocalized spin moments from copper to the neighboring nitrogen atoms.
Assessing individuals' understanding of nonlinear causal structures in complex systems
Authors: Plate Richard 
Published: February 2010

AbstractEducators have provided anecdotal evidence that systems‐oriented instruction improves students' ability to comprehend complex systems, but little research has been done to test this hypothesis. This article reviews past attempts to assess systems‐oriented instruction and suggests the need for an assessment tool that can be implemented broadly but still provides a nuanced view of individuals' understanding of complex systems. A tool called Cognitive Mapping Assessment of Systems Thinking (CMAST) is presented as a step toward addressing this need. Results from one study using this tool are included to illustrate analyses available and the significance of their results. Results from this study suggest that students receiving systems‐oriented instruction exhibit significantly increased ability to understand information about a complex environmental system despite having received no specific training in natural resources. CMAST allows researchers to quickly obtain and evaluate quantitative data regarding students' ability to understand complex systems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluating system dynamics models of risky projects using decision trees: alternative energy projects as an illustrative example
Authors: Tan Burcu , Anderson Edward G. , Dyer James S. , Parker Geoffrey G. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractMany important risky projects are characterized by stochastic processes embedded in nonlinear, feedback structures with delays. System dynamics models may be used to estimate the cash flow resulting from these projects for any given predetermined sequence of decisions. However, using system dynamics models to evaluate these cash flows when management has the flexibility to change its decisions in the face of future information often remains difficult in practice. To remedy this, we leverage the decision analysis literature to propose a methodology that transforms the system dynamics model into an approximate decision tree. The methodology then evaluates that tree to account for the value of managerial flexibility in executing a project. This approach has the virtue of combining system dynamics' capability to cope with dynamic complexity with that of decision analysis to model managerial flexibility. We illustrate this method with a model drawn from the wind power industry, which is characterized by numerous uncertainties and high managerial flexibility. We conclude with a discussion describing the limitations of this approach and the conditions under which its use would be most appropriate. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functionalized Carbon‐Nanotube Sheet/Bismaleimide Nanocomposites: Mechanical and Electrical Performance Beyond Carbon‐Fiber Composites
Authors: Cheng Qunfeng , Wang Ben , Zhang Chuck , Liang Zhiyong 
Published: February 2010

AbstractSince their discovery in 1991, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been considered as the next‐generation reinforcement materials to potentially replace conventional carbon fibers for producing super‐high‐performance lightweight composites. Herein, it is reported that sheets of millimeter‐long multi‐walled CNTs with stretch alignment and epoxidation functionalization reinforce bismaleimide resin, which results in composites with an unprecedentedly high tensile strength of 3081 MPa and modulus of 350 GPa, well exceeding those of state‐of‐the‐art unidirectional carbon‐fiber‐reinforced composites. The results also provide important experimental evidence of the impact of functionalization and the effect of alignment reported previously on the mechanical performance and electrical conductivity of the nanocomposites.