bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
VHZ is a novel centrosomal phosphatase associated with cell growth and human primary cancers
Authors: Tang Jing Ping , Tan Cheng Peow , Li Jie , Siddique Md Monowarul , Guo Ke , Chan Siew Wee , Park Jung Eun , Tay Wan Ngee , Huang Zhi Yuan , Li Wen Cai , Chen Jian , Zeng Qi 
Published: June 2010

Abstract

Background
VHZ is a VH1-like (member Z) dual specific protein phosphatase encoded by DUSP23 gene. Some of the dual specific protein phosphatases (DSPs) play an important role in cell cycle control and have shown to be associated with carcinogenesis. Here, the expression of VHZ associated with cell growth and human cancers was investigated.

Results
We generated a mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb clone#209) and rabbit polyclonal antibodies (rAb) against VHZ. We performed cell proliferation assay to learn how VHZ is associated with cell cycle by retroviral transduction to express VHZ, VHZ(C95S), and control vector in MCF-7 cells. Overexpression of VHZ [but not VHZ(C95S)] in MCF-7 cells promoted cell proliferation compared to control cells. shRNA-mediated knockdown of VHZ in MCF-7 cells showed that reduction of VHZ resulted in increased G1 but decreased S phase cell populations. Using indirect immunofluorescence, we showed that both exogenous and endogenous VHZ protein was localized at the centrosome in addition to its cytoplasmic distribution. Furthermore, using immunohistochemistry, we revealed that VHZ protein was overexpressed either in enlarged centrosomes (VHZ-centrosomal-stain) of some invasive ductal carcinomas (IDC) Stage I (8/65 cases) or in entire cytoplasm (VHZ-cytosol-stain) of invasive epithelia of some IDC Stage II/III (11/47 cases) of breast cancers examined. More importantly, upregulation of VHZ protein is also associated with numerous types of human cancer, in particular breast cancer. VHZ mAb may be useful as a reagent in clinical diagnosis for assessing VHZ positive tumors.

Conclusions
We generated a VHZ-specific mAb to reveal that VHZ has a novel subcellular localization, namely the centrosome. VHZ is able to facilitate G1/S cell cycle transition in a PTP activity-dependent manner. The upregulation of its protein levels in primary human cancers supports the clinical relevance of the protein in cancers.
A novel trifunctional IgG-like bispecific antibody to inhibit HIV-1 infection and enhance lysis of HIV by targeting activation of complement
Authors: Jia Leili , Xu Yuanyong , Zhang Chuanfu , Wang Yong , Chong Huihui , Qiu Shaofu , Wang Ligui , Zhong Yanwei , Liu Weijing , Sun Yansong , Qiao Fei , Tomlinson Stephen , Song Hongbin , Zhou Yusen , He Yuxian 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe complement system is not only a key component of innate immunity but also provides a first line of defense against invading pathogens, especially for viral pathogens. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), however, possesses several mechanisms to evade complement-mediated lysis (CoML) and exploit the complement system to enhance viral infectivity. Responsible for this intrinsic resistance against complement-mediated virolysis are complement regulatory membrane proteins derived from the host cell that inherently downregulates complement activation at several stages of the cascade. In addition, HIV is protected from complement-mediated lysis by binding soluble factor H (fH) through the viral envelope proteins, gp120 and gp41. Whereas inhibition of complement activity is the desired outcome in the vast majority of therapeutic approaches, there is a broader potential for complement-mediated inhibition of HIV by complement local stimulation.Presentation of the hypothesisOur previous studies have proven that the complement-mediated antibody-dependent enhancement of HIV infection is mediated by the association of complement receptor type 2 bound to the C3 fragment and deposited on the surface of HIV virions. Thus, we hypothesize that another new activator of complement, consisting of two dsFv (against gp120 and against C3d respectively) linked to a complement-activating human IgG1 Fc domain ((anti-gp120 × anti-C3d)-Fc), can not only target and amplify complement activation on HIV virions for enhancing the efficiency of HIV lysis, but also reduce the infectivity of HIV through blocking the gp120 and C3d on the surface of HIV.Testing the hypothesisOur hypothesis was tested using cell-free HIV-1 virions cultivatedin vitroand assessment of virus opsonization was performed by incubating appropriate dilutions of virus with medium containing normal human serum and purified (anti-gp120 × anti-C3d)-Fc proteins. As a control group, viruses were incubated with normal human serum under the same conditions. Virus neutralization assays were used to estimate the degree of (anti-gp120 × anti-C3d)-Fc lysis of HIV compared to untreated virus.Implications of the hypothesisThe targeted complement activator, (anti-gp120 × anti-C3d)-Fc, can be used as a novel approach to HIV therapy by abrogating the complement-enhanced HIV infection of cells.
Vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) in esophageal cancer correlates with lymph node metastasis and poor patient prognosis
Authors: Tanaka Tatsuya , Ishiguro Hideyuki , Kuwabara Yoshiyuki , Kimura Masahiro , Mitsui Akira , Katada Takeyasu , Shiozaki Midori , Naganawa Yasuhiro , Fujii Yoshitaka , Takeyama Hiromitsu 
Published: June 2010

Abstract

Background
The diagnosis of lymph node metastasis in esophageal cancer by the presence and number of metastatic lymph nodes is an extremely important prognostic factor. In addition, the indication of non-surgical therapy is gaining more attention. Vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) is potentially lymphangiogenic and selectively induces hyperplasia of the lymphatic vasculature. In this study, we investigated the expression of VEGF-C and whether it correlated with various clinico-pathologic findings.

Methods
KYSE series of esophageal cancer cell lines and 106 patients with primary esophageal squamous cell carcinomas who had undergone radical esophagectomy were analyzed. VEGF-C mRNA expression was determined by quantitative RT-PCR.

Results
High expression of VEGF-C was detected in most of the KYSE cell lines, especially KYSE410, yet, in an esophageal normal epithelium cell line, Het-1A, VEGF-C was not detected. In the clinical specimen, the expression of VEGF-C in the cancerous tissue was higher than in the corresponding noncancerous esophageal mucosa (p = 0.026). The expression of VEGF-C was found to be higher in Stage2B-4A tumors than in Stage0-2A tumors (p = 0.049). When the patients were divided into two groups according to their expression levels of VEGF-C (a group of 53 cases with high expression and a group of 53 cases with low expression), the patients with high VEGF-C expression had significantly shorter survival after surgery than the patients with low expression (p = 0.0065). Although univariate analysis showed that high expression of VEGF-C was a statistically significant prognostic factor, this was not shown in multivariate analysis. In the subgroup of patients with Tis and T1 tumors, the expression of VEGF-C was higher in N1 tumors than in N0 tumors (p = 0.029). The survival rate of patients from the high expression group (n = 10) was lower than that in the low expression group (n = 11), and all the patients in the low VEGF-C expression group survived.

Conclusions
The expression of VEGF-C correlates with lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis. In patients with Tis and T1 esophageal tumors, the expression of VEGF-C may be a good diagnostic factor for determining metastasis of the lymph node.
Development of clinically relevant orthotopic xenograft mouse model of metastatic lung cancer and glioblastoma through surgical tumor tissues injection with trocar
Authors: Fei Xi Feng , Zhang Quan Bin , Dong Jun , Diao Yi , Wang Zhi Min , Li Ru Jun , Wu Zi Cheng , Wang Ai Dong , Lan Qing , Zhang Shi Ming , Huang Qiang 
Published: June 2010

Abstract

Objective
Orthotopic models are important in cancer research. Here we developed orthotopic xenograft mouse model of metastatic lung cancer and glioblastoma with a specially designed system.

Methods
Tiny fragments of surgical tumors were implanted into the mice brain with a trocar system. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect brain tumor stem cells among glioblastoma tissues, including both the original and resulting ones with monoclonal antibody against CD133.

Results
Besides the constant high take rates in both models; brain transplants perfectly resembled their original tumors in biological behaviors. The brain tumor stem cells, positively stained with CD133 were found, though not frequently, in both original and resulting glioblastoma tissues.

Conclusions
Orthotopic model established with a trocar system is effective and injection of tumor tissues containing stem cells promise the forming of new tumor mass when grafted.
The effectiveness of educational practice in diabetic foot: a view from Brazil
Authors: Anselmo Maria I , Nery Marcia , Parisi Maria CR 
Published: June 2010

Abstract

Background
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevention and self-inspection behavior of diabetic subjects with foot at ulcer risk, no previous episode, who participated in the routine visits and standardized education provided by the service and who received prescribed footwear. This evaluation was carried out using a questionnaire scoring from 0-10 (high scores reflect worse practice compliance).

Results
60 patients were studied (30 of each sex); mean age was 62 years, mean duration of the disease was 17 years. As for compliance, 90% showed a total score ≤5, only 8.7% regularly wore the footwear supplied; self foot inspection 65%, 28,3% with additional familiar inspection; creaming 77%; proper washing and drying 88%; proper cutting of toe nails 83%; no cuticle cutting 83%; routine shoe inspection 77%; no use of pumice stones or similar abrasive 70%; no barefoot walking 95%.

Conclusion
the planned and multidisciplinary educational approach enabled high compliance of the ulcer prevention care needed in diabetic patients at risk for complications. In contrast, compliance observed for the use of footwear provided was extremely low, demonstrating that the issue of its acceptability should be further and carefully addressed. In countries of such vast dimensions as Brazil multidisciplinary educational approaches can and should be performed by the services providing care for patients with foot at risk for complications according to the reality of local scenarios. Furthermore, every educational program should assess the learning, results obtained and efficacy in the target population by use of an adequate evaluation system.
Estimating enrichment of repetitive elements from high-throughput sequence data
Authors: Day Daniel S , Luquette Lovelace J , Park Peter J , Kharchenko Peter V 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe describe computational methods for analysis of repetitive elements from short-read sequencing data, and apply them to study histone modifications associated with the repetitive elements in human and mouse cells. Our results demonstrate that while accurate enrichment estimates can be obtained for individual repeat types and small sets of repeat instances, there are distinct combinatorial patterns of chromatin marks associated with major annotated repeat families, including H3K27me3/H3K9me3 differences among the endogenous retroviral element classes.
Design Development of Large Thermoplastic Chambers for Stormwater Retention
Authors: Bass Brent J. , McGrath Timothy J. , Mailhot David , Lim Keng-Wit 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Thermoplastic chambers for stormwater retention applications have been in use for many years. One design, an arch-shaped chamber with a 51 in. nominal width and a 30 in. nominal height, has seen widespread acceptance. This paper reports on the development of a structural design for a similar chamber with a 76 in. nominal width and 45 in. nominal height. Development tasks included evaluation of stiffened corrugation designs to permit the use of larger corrugations, evaluation of arch stiffness and stub compression capacity of the chambers, and full-scale field tests of both welded prototype chambers and production chambers. The development program was focused on demonstrating that the chambers met the target safety levels of AASHTO specifications for shallow burial depths with live loads and for deep conditions.
A tüdőrák új TNM-jének sebészi vonatkozásai
Authors: Csekeő Attila 
Published: June 2010

Absztrakt
Az elmúlt évek alapkutatásainak fejlődése, új tumorellenes gyógyszerek felfedezése volt az alapja, hogy a tüdőrák TNM-rendszerét is revízió alá vegyék. Alátámasztotta az a hiányosság is, hogy a 6. kiadású TNM-klasszifikáció alacsony adatbázisra épült. Az IASLC kezdeményezésére egy multicentrikus elemzést indítottak, és biostatisztikai kiértékelést végeztek. Összesen 100869 eset gyűlt össze, amelyből 81015 volt értékelhető a követés során (NSCLC: 67725, SCLC: 13290). A változtatás igényét mind a T, N és M vonatkozásában előre meghatározták. A változtatásra tett ajánlatuk nagy adatbázis és a túlélési elemzés támasztja alá. Várható, hogy ez a változtatás kedvezően befolyásolja a kezelési algoritmust, ezáltal a betegek túlélését is.
Spontán nyelőcsőruptura komplikált esetének megoldása transgastricus drainage-zsal
Authors: Veres Lukács , Sz. Kiss Sándor , Kiss Regina , Enyedi Attila , Végh Tamás , Damjanovich László , Takács István 
Published: June 2010

Absztrakt
A spontán nyelőcsőruptura kezelése magas morbiditással és mortalitással jár. Primer sebészeti ellátást követően számos szövődménnyel szembesülhetünk. Egy 29 éves Boerhaave-syndromás férfi beteg esetében a suturázott nyelőcsőszakasz insufficientiáját a stentelés sem oldotta meg, ezért transgastricus drainage-t alkalmaztunk. Ezzel lassan, fokozatosan letapadt a sérült terület, a beteg nem szorult újabb műtétre, nyelőcsövét meg lehetett őrizni. Strictura sem alakult ki. A transgastricus nyelőcsődrainage válogatott esetekben eredményes kezelési eszköz lehet.
Interspecific Mouthpart Length Variation and Floral Visitation in the Parasitic Wasp Genus Agathirsia (Braconidae: Agathidinae)
Authors: Pucci T M , Jones G D 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Carbohydrate energy sources are known to be important for many adult parasitic wasps. Floral visitation is commonly observed, and in many groups specialized mouthpart morphology is associated with deep nectar extraction. In parasitic wasps, there are few data examining the relationship between host plant use and the length of the mouthparts. In an effort to associate mouthpart length to nectar source, pollen was identified from museum specimens of selected species of Agathirsia (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Despite drastic differences in glossa length, the pollen of several species of Asteraceae were commonly found on specimens of various species. We infer that increased feeding efficiency, as opposed to nectar access, is the adaptive value of elongate glossae in Agathirsia. Species with short mouthparts, however, exhibited a difference from both the medium and long mouthpart categories in pollen similarity. This suggests that members of Agathirsia with elongated mouthparts are more apt to visit certain flowers compared with short-tongued species. Males and females exhibited considerable overlap of their common nectar sources and displayed similar pollen richness. Pollen richness was higher in species in the medium length category compared with the short category, but these results are confounded by the fact that the medium-length specimens were on average larger bodied.
Species Composition of Cutworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae in South Central Washington Vineyards
Authors: Wright Lawrence C , James David G , Reyna Victor , Castle Del Conte Sandra , Gingras Stacey , Landolt Peter , Brooks Tora 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
The major grape (Vitis spp.)-growing areas of Washington were surveyed during 2003–2007 to determine the cutworm species present as larvae in vineyards during spring when grape buds and young shoots were vulnerable to cutworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) damage. We sampled vineyard floors during daytime, vines at night because cutworms are active at night, and vines during the day. In total, 1,003 larvae were collected and 650 were reared to adults and identified. Twenty-five species were found: 22 on the ground, eight on vines at night, and two on vines during the day. Almost 75% of the cutworms on vines at night were Abagrotis orbis (Grote) and 19% were Agrotis vetusta Walker. The spotted cutworm, Xestia c-nigrum (L.), and the redbacked cutworm, Euxoa ochrogaster (Guenée), were reported previously to be the major cutworm pests of grapes in Washington, but only four X. c-nigrum and no E. ochrogaster were collected. Abagrotis orbis larvae were collected on grapes at night from mid-March to late April. Adults emerged in the laboratory in mid-May, and they were present during the summer. Agrotis vetusta larvae were collected on grapes from 1 to 30 April. This species had a long prepupal period during the summer, followed by a pupal stadium of ≈3 wk. Mean adult emergence was in early August. Both species were univoltine, with mating and egg laying during the fall followed by overwintering as small larvae.
Agastoroxenia panamensis, a New Genus and Species of Inquiline Oak Gall Wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) of the Neotropics
Authors: Nieves-Aldrey José Luis , Medianero Enrique 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Agastoroxenia panamensis Nieves-Aldrey & Medianero, a new genus and species of inquiline oak gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini), is described from material reared from unidentified Andricus galls (Cynipini) on Quercus lancifolia Schltdl. & Cham. collected in Panama. The new genus is the first genus of inquiline oak gall wasps described from the Neotropics and the first species of this group recorded from Panama. The new genus is related to Saphonecrus and Synergus but differs from these genera mainly by the unique conformation of the male and female antenna.
Worker Size and Nest Defense in Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Haight Kevin L 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Workers of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), range in size from ≈0.5 to 1.5 mm in headwidth. Such size variation is thought to enable a more efficient division of labor, because some worker sizes may be better suited to performing particular tasks. Here, I focus on the task of nest defense, where efficiency and effectiveness may depend on having appropriately sized workers respond to particular types of threats. Specifically, I tested whether the size of responding workers differs between two magnitudes of nest disturbance (light, insect-like versus heavy, vertebrate-like), and I investigated how both sting length and the amount of venom workers contain, key defensive traits, vary with worker size. Workers responding to heavy, vertebrate-like nest disturbances were larger than those responding to light, insect-like disturbances. Between the light and heavy disturbances, the proportion of minor (small) workers responding dropped, whereas that of major (large) workers increased five-fold. Although the relationship between sting length and worker size is not directly proportional, the average sting length of majors is ≈0.20 mm (or 40%) greater than that of minors, with little overlap in range. The relationship between worker size and the amount of venom they contain is also positive. So, vertebrate-magnitude nest disturbances are met with greater proportions of large S. invicta workers than are insect-magnitude disturbances, and these larger workers bring with them longer stings and larger venom arsenals, which may increase their effectiveness against such relatively large, thicker-skinned threats.
Genetic Structure of Chorthippus parallelus (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Gomphocerinae) Populations in Anatolia: A Stable Rear Edge Population
Authors: Korkmaz E Mahir , Sari Musa , Başibüyük Hasan H 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Anatolian populations inhabit the southern latitudinal margin of species distribution ranges and therefore may be considered as “rear edge” populations. The genetic structures of such populations have critical importance in species responses to climatic change and are essential for long-term conservation genetics. Here, the genetic structure of Chorthippus parallelus (Zetterstedt) (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Gomphocerinae) populations in one of the main southern glacial refugium is investigated. Ten populations of C. parallelus from Anatolia have been studied by investigating single-copy nuclear DNA (Cpnl-1) fragment using polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformational polymorphism methods. The level of allelic number was high (total of 20 alleles in the locus, of which 11 were unique), but the level of gene flow among populations seemed to be low (FIS = 0.090). However, most populations were genetically diverse (HE &gt; 0.5, A = 6.211, and ne = 5.774). The level of genetic differentiation among populations was high (FST = 0.330). No statistically significant correlation between genetic diversity and spatial distribution was observed. The analysis of molecular variation analysis indicated that a large proportion of genetic variation was due to differentiation among individuals within populations. Genetic drift was a more likely cause of differentiation among populations rather than geographical distance. These results suggest that a presence of a “stable rear edge” population in contrary to the center-periphery model.
Reproductive Traits of Northern Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Relation to Female and Male Body Size
Authors: Wade French B , Hammack Leslie 
Published: June 2010

AbstractDiabrotica spp. are serious pests of maize, Zea mays L., and have evolved resistance to cultural and chemical management practices. Transgenic maize producing a rootworm-toxic protein derived from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner provides a new approach to Diabrotica spp. management. Its use requires a refuge of nontransgenic maize to produce susceptible beetles able to mate with any resistant individuals developing on the transgenic variety to slow the evolution of resistance. Such evolution may simultaneously affect fitness related traits such as longevity, fecundity, and body size. We examined the mating behavior and reproductive biology of Diabrotica barberi Smith & Lawrence in relation to male and female body size. Large and small males were reciprocally paired to large and small females for comparison with average sized beetles. Neither the proportion of pairs that copulated nor the precopulation duration varied significantly with size category; however, the duration of copulation was shortest for large males crossed with small females and longest for the reciprocal cross. Large females lived the longest regardless of mating partner. Although small females mated to small males tended to lay the fewest eggs, size category did not significantly affect egg numbers per week of life during a 12-wk oviposition period. Egg production peaked during the first 4 to 5 wk and then steadily declined. These results suggest that resistance to transgenic maize, if associated with small body size, could provide a reproductive disadvantage for resistant females but not males that could prolong efficacy of the transgenic maize.