bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recombinant vascular basement membrane derived multifunctional peptide blocks endothelial cell angiogenesis and neovascularization
Authors: Wang Chengkun , Cao Jianguo , Qu Jiaquan , Li Yafei , Peng Bo , Gu Yixue , He Zhimin 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAngiogenesis is an innovative target in the therapy of cancer and other diseases, but the effects of anti‐angiogenic drugs have been rather modest in clinical trials. We have developed a small peptide, recombinant vascular basement membrane derived multifunctional peptide (rVBMDMP), which significantly inhibits endothelial cells in vitro. Here we test the mechanisms of rVBMDMP in angiogenesis balance in assays of tubule formation, colony formation, and apoptosis in HUVE‐12 endothelial cells. We also analyzed the differential expression of phosphorylation proteins and related genes in a protein phosphorylation chip and extracellular matrix adhesion molecule cDNA microarray, and validated changes with Western blot or real‐time quantitative PCR, respectively. rVBMDMP dose‐dependently inhibited colony formation, induced apoptosis, and inhibited in vitro tubule formation. rVBMDMP increased the phosphorylation of 88 signal proteins, including caspase‐3, death receptor 3, 4, and 5, and integrin αV, β1, and β3, and down‐regulated 41 signal proteins, including EGFR, pEGFR, VEGFR‐1, and survivin versus control. rVBMDMP upregulated 14 genes, including collagen 4, 7, and 27, and down‐regulated 21 genes, including integrin αVβ3, MMP10, and MMP12. Our study suggests that rVBMDMP inhibits angiogenesis and may be a viable drug candidate in anti‐angiogenesis and anticancer therapies. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 453–460, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of membrane fouling and flux decline related with mass transport in nanofiltration of tartrazine solution
Authors: Aydiner Coskun , Kaya Yasemin , Beril Gönder Zeren , Vergili Ilda 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: This work was carried out to investigate and analyze the interrelated dynamics of mass transport, membrane fouling and flux decline during nanofiltration of tartrazine. A combined application including pore diffusion transport model and a material balance approach was used to model an experimental flux data obtained from different values of pH (3, 5, 7 and 10), feed‐dye concentration (25, 100 and 400 mg L−1), and transmembrane pressure (1200, 1800 and 2400 kPa).RESULTS: Almost 100% dye solution removal and a permeate flux of 135 L m−2 h−1 were obtained for 25 mg L−1 and 1200 kPa at pH 10. At pH 10, lower membrane fouling was obtained due to the increase of electrostatic repulsion between anionic dye molecules and the more negatively charged membrane surface. Flux decline and membrane fouling increased together with transmembrane pressure and dye concentration. Fouling was found to be directly related to proportional‐permeation coefficient (kO′) of dye which was identified as the solute passing into the permeate with respect to the amount transported into the membrane from the feed.CONCLUSIONS: For a decrease of pH (10 to 3) and transmembrane pressure (2400 to 1200 kPa) or an increase of feed‐dye concentration (25 to 400 mg L−1), fewer dye molecules passed into the permeate with respect to the amount transported into the membrane from the feed. This situation depended mainly on the combined influences of the gel layer and fouling in the membrane. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
COD fractionation and biodegradation kinetics of segregated domestic wastewater: black and grey water fractions
Authors: Murat Hocaoglu Selda , Insel Güçlü , Ubay Cokgor Emine , Baban Ahmet , Orhon Derin 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Household wastewater was segregated to grey and black water components as part of a recent approach aiming to separate wastewater fractions for more efficient treatment and reuse. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) fractionation and biodegradation characteristics of black and grey water were determined by means of model calibration of the oxygen uptake rate profiles. An ASM1 type of model modified for endogenous respiration was selected for this purpose.RESULTS: Calibration identified, aside from the readily biodegradable COD, two hydrolysable COD fractions in the black water, and only a single, slowly biodegradable COD fraction, in the grey water. The relative magnitude of the readily biodegradable COD fraction was high compared with typical domestic sewage, especially for grey water, and the level of particulate inert COD fraction, was relatively low. Biodegradation of soluble COD fractions in both wastewaters approximated typical rates observed for domestic sewage. However, the hydrolysis rate of the slowly biodegradable COD was quite low, reflecting the characteristics and impact of settleable organic matter.CONCLUSION: Based on the process rates obtained, aerobic biodegradation was equally effective for black and grey water fractions, both for the removal of soluble COD and the stabilization of particulate COD. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Objective determination of the oncolytic potency of conditionally‐replicating adenoviruses using mathematical modeling
Authors: Idema Sander , Dirven Clemens M. F. , van Beusechem Victor W. , Carette Jan E. , Planqué Robert , Noske David P. , Lamfers Martine L. M. , Vandertop W. Peter 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackgroundConditionally‐replicating adenoviruses (CRAds) infect and replicate in tumor cells, releasing viral progeny upon lysis of the cell. This is a dynamic and inherently exponential process and, thus, the assessment of CRAds should incorporate these dynamics. In vitro experiments are therefore prone to subjective assessment because no validated assay exists that truly appreciates the dynamics of the process. An objective assay could simplify experiments and reduce the number of CRAd variants required to enter a full preclinical evaluation.MethodsWe developed a simple and practical mathematical model incorporating easily obtainable parameters of the interaction between replicating viruses and growing tumor cells in vitro and, in the present study, validate this model by fitting the predicted values to experimentally‐derived values.ResultsFrom the exponential curves of cellular growth and the viral propagation rate in glioma cells, we derive the four parameters needed in this model and show a robust fit to experimental data. Because the initial infection conditions appear to significantly influence the final outcome of CRAd experiments, these conditions are determined using the same cells and correlated with the expression of the primary adenovirus receptor CAR (coxsackie and adenovirus receptor).ConclusionsThe results obtained shed light upon the method of action of CRAds and provide an objective and practical model and assay for determining and predicting CRAd activity in tumor cells. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sense of coherence and its association with exposure to traumatic events, posttraumatic stress disorder, and depression in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Pham Phuong N. , Vinck Patrick , Kinkodi Didine Kaba , Weinstein Harvey M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe Democratic Republic of Congo is the scene of some of the worst atrocities in recent history. However, in the face of traumatic experience, only a minority of people develops symptoms that impair their functioning. The sense of coherence proposed by Antonovsky (1987) is a theoretical construct reflecting an individual's overall wellbeing and ability to cope with stress. This study explores the relationships between sense of coherence, exposure to traumatic events, symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and depression. Results suggest an association between a high sense of coherence and high education levels, high income, and positive social relationships. Furthermore, the study found that sense of coherence is inversely correlated with cumulative exposure to violence and symptoms of PTSD and depression.
Internalizing and externalizing personality styles and psychopathology in OEF–OIF veterans
Authors: Rielage Jennifer Klosterman , Hoyt Tim , Renshaw Keith 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPrevious research with other trauma populations demonstrated that internalizing and externalizing personality styles are associated with different PTSD comorbidities. The present study tested this association in two distinct Operation Enduring Freedom–Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) combat samples. Cluster analysis was used to categorize subtypes, which were compared on measures of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and substance use. Internalizers showed the highest rates of PTSD and depression. Externalizers had higher rates of alcohol problems in one sample only, whereas the other sample showed more substance misuse. In general, these findings suggest that this method of classifying trauma survivors is useful in OEF/OIF populations. Results suggest some differences across this population in terms of how substance use issues are expressed in externalizers.
Ethnoracial variations in acute PTSD symptoms among hospitalized survivors of traumatic injury
Authors: Stephens Kari A. , Sue Stanley , Roy‐Byrne Peter , Unützer Jürgen , Wang Jin , Rivara Frederick P. , Jurkovich Gregory J. , Zatzick Douglas F. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractEthnoracial minority status contributes to an increased risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after trauma exposure, beyond other risk factors. A population‐based sampling frame was used to examine the associations between ethnoracial groups and early PTSD symptoms while adjusting for relevant clinical and demographic characteristics. Acutely injured trauma center inpatients (N = 623) were screened with the PTSD Checklist. American Indian and African American patients reported the highest levels of posttraumatic stress and preinjury cumulative trauma burden. African American heritage was independently associated with an increased risk of higher acute PTSD symptom levels. Disparities in trauma history, PTSD symptoms, and event related factors emphasize the need for acute care services to incorporate culturally competent approaches for treating these diverse populations.
Discrete‐element method for particle capture by a body in an electrostatic field
Authors: Liu G. , Marshall J. S. , Li S. Q. , Yao Q. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA discrete‐element method is developed for applications involving interaction of spherical particles with a body of arbitrary shape in an electrostatic field. The electric field is induced both by charged particles and by other ‘macroscopic’ bodies (e.g. electrodes). The electric field due to macroscopic bodies is computed using a boundary‐element method that accounts for the particle influence. An algorithm using approximate particle images is introduced to improve electric field resolution for particles lying close to the body surface. The long‐range electric field induced by particles is computed using an optimized, adaptive multipole expansion method. The method is applied to the formation of chain‐like particle aggregates, with long‐range particle attraction governed by the electric field and particle adhesion by van der Waals forces. The method is illustrated by simulation of the capture of uncharged particles on a cylindrical electrode. A local panel subdivision method is developed to mitigate particle drift toward panel edges induced by panel discretization errors. The particle deposition pattern at different cylinder surface charge levels is studied, which shows that long straight particle chains are formed under strong electric fields. The predicted particle capture efficiency agrees well with the experimental data. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Funders as principals
Authors: Benjamin Lehn M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis article examines the tensions that surfaced for three nonprofit funding intermediaries—tensions between their historic practices and the new practices required to use performance measurement to ensure greater accountability and results among their grantees—and analyzes these tensions in light of literature on philanthropic and accountability relationships. From this analysis, the article makes three points. First, philanthropic relationships are not equivalent to accountability relationships. Second, because of these differences funders that adopt performance measurement may encounter tensions as these new practices challenge the importance of other philanthropic concerns. Third, without a systematic way to attend to these concerns when adopting performance measurement, funders face an impoverished choice: reward measurable results or fall back on supporting good intentions.
The effectiveness of nonprofit lead‐organization networks for social service delivery
Authors: Chen Bin , Graddy Elizabeth A. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPublic agencies increasingly contract with nonprofit organizations to lead community‐based networks for social service delivery. We explore the role that partnership characteristics play in the effectiveness of these networks. Using data on children and family services in Los Angeles County, we consider the impact of both the motivations for forming partnerships and the nature of the resulting partnerships on perceived outcomes for clients, interorganizational relationships, and organizational learning. We find that client outcomes and interorganizational relationships are enhanced when partnerships are formed to meet certain programmatic and organizational goals. Organizational learning, however, is affected only when partnerships are formed to enhance organizational legitimacy. Partners selected because they share common vision increase effectiveness, while those selected because there are few alternative partners decrease effectiveness. Finally, when partnerships use an interorganizational coordination mechanism, client outcomes are improved. The managerial implications of these impacts for the nonprofit sector are developed. The results lend considerable support to the role of partnership motivation and partner selection in the effectiveness of nonprofit lead‐organization networks, and specificity about the nature of that role.
Nonprofit mission statement focus and financial performance
Authors: Kirk Gary , Beth Nolan Shabnam 
Published: June 2010

AbstractMission statements have been adopted nearly universally in nonprofit organizations. Their ubiquity is based on a presumption that a well‐designed mission statement is linked to better organizational performance because it provides a framework for decision making, influence over staff and volunteer motivation, and a mechanism for signaling organizational legitimacy to stakeholders. Despite collective confidence in mission statement utility, the relationship between mission statements and performance has received minimal attention. In this exploratory study we measured several attributes of mission statements in women's rights nonprofit organizations, with particular attention to the degree to which the statement focuses on organizational purpose and the relationship between focus and several measures of organization financial performance. The findings indicated that mission statements with a more focused geographic scope were associated with lower overhead ratios. In contrast, mission statements that identified more target client groups were associated with larger one‐year increases in contribution. Despite the statistical significance, the relationships were weak, calling into question common assumptions about the importance of the mission statement to a nonprofit organization.
Does Children's Oncology Group hospital membership improve survival for patients with neuroblastoma or Wilms tumor?
Authors: Gutierrez Juan C. , Cheung Michael C. , Zhuge Ying , Koniaris Leonidas G. , Sola Juan E. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPurposeTo determine prognostic significance of hospital surgical volume and Children's Oncology Group (COG) membership on neuroblastoma (NBL) and Wilms tumor (WT) survival.MethodsThe Florida Cancer Data System was queried from 1981 to 2004.ResultsOf 869 NBL patients, 463 were treated at COG/HVC, 246 at COG/LVC, and 160 at non‐COG/LVC. COG hospitals treated a larger proportion of patients <1 year of age (P = 0.002) and relatively more patients with adrenal and mediastinal tumors (P = 0.005). COG centers more frequently administered chemotherapy (72% vs. 51%, P < 0.001). Five‐ and 10‐year survival rates were higher at COG/HVC (70.6%, 67.7%) and COG/LVC (75.8%, 72.6%) than non‐COG/LVC (59.5%, 54.4%, P < 0.05). Of 790 WT patients, 395 were treated at COG/HVC, 210 at COG/LVC, and 185 at non‐COG/LVC. COG hospitals treated younger patients and lower staged tumors (P < 0.05). COG centers more frequently administered chemotherapy (88% vs. 59%, P < 0.001). Five‐ and 10‐year survival rates were higher at COG/HVC (91.3%, 89.9%) and COG/LVC (96.7%, 94.7%) than non‐COG/LVC (82.4%, 81.7%, P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis demonstrated WT patients treated at non‐COG hospitals, but not NBL patients, had worse survival (HR 3.107, P = 0.01).ConclusionChildren treated at COG hospitals had higher overall use of chemotherapy. This translated into a significantly improved survival benefit for WT. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:621–628. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Copolymerization of ethylene/α‐olefins using bis(2‐phenylindenyl)zirconium dichloride metallocene catalyst: structural study of comonomer distribution
Authors: Mortazavi S Mohammad M , Arabi Hassan , Zohuri Gholamhossein , Ahmadjo Saeid , Nekoomanesh Mehdi , Ahmadi Mostafa 
Published: June 2010

AbstractCatalysts have a major role in the polymerization of olefins and exert their influence in three ways: (1) polymerization behaviour, including polymerization activity and kinetics; (2) polymer particle morphology, including bulk density, particle size, particle size distribution and particle shape; and (3) polymer microstructure, including molecular weight regulation, chemical composition distribution and short‐ and long‐chain branching. By tailoring the catalyst structure, such as the creation of a bridge or introducing a substituent on the ligand, metallocene catalysts can play a major role in the achievement of desirable properties. Kinetic profiles of the metallocene catalyst used in this study showed decay‐type behaviour for copolymerization of ethylene/α‐olefins. It was observed that increasing the comonomer ratio in the feedstock affected physical properties such as reducing the melting temperature, crystallinity, density and molecular weight of the copolymers. It was also observed that the heterogeneity of the chemical composition distribution and the physical properties were enhanced as the comonomer molecular weight was increased. In particular, 2‐phenyl substitution on the indenyl ring reduced somewhat the melting point of the copolymers. In addition, the copolymer produced using bis(2‐phenylindenyl)zirconium dichloride (bis(2‐PhInd)ZrCl2) catalyst exhibited a narrower distribution of lamellae (0.3–0.9 nm) than the polymer produced using bisindenylzirconium dichloride catalyst (0.5–3.6 nm). The results obtained indicate that the bis(2‐PhInd)ZrCl2 catalyst showed a good comonomer incorporation ability. The heterogeneity of the chemical composition distribution and the physical properties were influenced by the type of comonomer and type of substituent in the catalyst. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
The influence of vanadium pentoxide on the structure and dielectric properties of poly(vinyl alcohol)
Authors: Mahmoud Waleed E , Al‐Ghamdi Ahmed A 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPolymers containing metal oxides of nanoscale dimensions have attracted attention because of their unique properties and new findings concerning technological applications. Polymers containing vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) have attracted our interest in respect of their potential applications in memory and switching devices. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) containing different concentrations of V2O5 ranging from 0 to 0.5 wt% were prepared. The synthesized PVA/V2O5 composites were cast as self‐standing flexible films. The composites were characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. An attempt was made to study the relaxation characteristics of PVA/V2O5 samples. The permittivity and dielectric loss were determined as a function of V2O5 concentration. The results show that the optimum concentration is 0.3 wt%. The electrical conductivity and dielectric modulus in the temperature range 303–433 K at various frequencies (10–100 kHz) for the optimum concentration were investigated. XRD and FTIR results show that the addition of V2O5 reduces the crystallinity of PVA due to the interaction of vanadium ions with the OH groups of PVA. The application of the dielectric modulus formulism gives a simple method for evaluating the activation energy of the dielectric relaxation. The frequency dependence of the electrical conductivity follows the Jonscher universal dynamic law. The conductivity in the direct regime is described by the small polaron model. The electrical conductivity and dielectric properties show that Hunt's model is well adapted to PVA/V2O5 films. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
A prospective study of posttraumatic growth as assessed by self‐report and family caregiver in the context of advanced cancer
Authors: Moore Aimee M. , Gamblin T. Clark , Geller David A. , Youssef Michael N. , Hoffman Kristin E. , Gemmell Leigh , Likumahuwa Sonja M. , Bovbjerg Dana H. , Marsland Anna , Steel Jennifer L. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjective: The study of posttraumatic growth (PTG) has burgeoned over the last decade, particularly in the area of oncology. The aims of the study were to: (1) describe PTG in patients with hepatobiliary carcinoma, (2) examine agreement between the patient and caregiver measures of patient PTG, and (3) test the associations between PTG and other psychological factors and clinically relevant outcomes.Methods: Two hundred and two patients with hepatobiliary carcinoma completed a battery of standardized questionnaires that measured PTG, depressive symptoms, optimism, expressed emotion, and quality of life (QOL). A subsample of family caregivers also completed ratings of patient PTG, using the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), as well as their own PTG.Results: No significant increase in the patients' PTG was observed between diagnosis and 6‐month follow‐up with the exception of the Relating to Others subscale of the PTGI. PTG was not found to be associated with QOL or depressive symptoms. At diagnosis, the agreement between the patients' PTG and family caregivers' rating of patient PTG was found to be high (ICC=0.34–0.74, p=0.001–0.05). PTG was found to be significantly associated with optimism (r=0.20 p=0.02–0.05) and traumatic life events reported in the past 3 years, including recent losses (F(1, 52)=6.0, p=0.02) and severe physical injury (F(1, 52)=5.5, p=0.02). Caregivers reported PTG as a result of their loved one's diagnosis of cancer.Conclusion: Preliminary results suggest that PTG is relatively stable over the first 6 months after diagnosis and changes as a result of a diagnosis of cancer were reported, and possibly observed, by others. Family caregivers also experience PTG as a result of their loved one's diagnosis of advanced cancer. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.