bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coordinated changes in AHRR methylation in lymphoblasts and pulmonary macrophages from smokers
Authors: Monick Martha M. , Beach Steven R.H. , Plume Jeff , Sears Rory , Gerrard Meg , Brody Gene H. , Philibert Robert A. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractSmoking is associated with a wide variety of adverse health outcomes including cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, depression, and heart disease. Unfortunately, the molecular mechanisms through which these effects are conveyed are not clearly understood. To examine the potential role of epigenetic factors in these processes, we examined the relationship of smoking to genome wide methylation and gene expression using biomaterial from two independent samples, lymphoblast DNA and RNA (n = 119) and lung alveolar macrophage DNA (n = 19). We found that in both samples current smoking status was associated with significant changes in DNA methylation, in particular at the aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor (AHRR), a known tumor suppressor. Both baseline DNA methylation and smoker associated DNA methylation signatures at AHRR were highly correlated (r = 0.94 and 0.45, respectively). DNA methylation at the most differentially methylated AHRR CpG residue in both samples, cg0557592, was significantly associated with AHRR gene expression. Pathway analysis of lymphoblast data (genes with most significant methylation changes) demonstrated enrichment in protein kinase C pathways and in TGF beta signaling pathways. For alveolar macrophages, pathway analysis demonstrated alterations in inflammation‐related processes. We conclude that smoking is associated with functionally significant genome wide changes in DNA methylation in both lymphoblasts and pulmonary macrophages and that further integrated investigations of these epigenetic effects of smoking on carcinogenesis and other related co‐morbidities are indicated. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A systematic review of the global prevalence of low back pain
Authors: Hoy Damian , Bain Christopher , Williams Gail , March Lyn , Brooks Peter , Blyth Fiona , Woolf Anthony , Vos Theo , Buchbinder Rachelle 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo perform a systematic review of the global prevalence of low back pain, and to examine the influence that case definition, prevalence period, and other variables have on prevalence.MethodsWe conduced a new systematic review of the global prevalence of low back pain that included general population studies published between 1980 and 2009. A total of 165 studies from 54 countries were identified. Of these, 64% had been published since the last comparable review.ResultsLow back pain was shown to be a major problem throughout the world, with the highest prevalence among female individuals and those aged 40–80 years. After adjusting for methodologic variation, the mean ± SEM point prevalence was estimated to be 11.9 ± 2.0%, and the 1‐month prevalence was estimated to be 23.2 ± 2.9%.ConclusionAs the population ages, the global number of individuals with low back pain is likely to increase substantially over the coming decades. Investigators are encouraged to adopt recent recommendations for a standard definition of low back pain and to consult a recently developed tool for assessing the risk of bias of prevalence studies.
Proteomic profiling following immunoaffinity capture of high‐density lipoprotein: Association of acute‐phase proteins and complement factors with proinflammatory high‐density lipoprotein in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Watanabe Junji , Charles‐Schoeman Christina , Miao Yunan , Elashoff David , Lee Yuen Yin , Katselis George , Lee Terry D. , Reddy Srinivasa T. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo identify protein biomarkers associated with proinflammatory high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by proteomic analysis.MethodsLiquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) was used to analyze proteins associated with immunoaffinity‐purified HDL from plasma obtained from 2 sets of RA patients, 1 with antiinflammatory HDL and 1 with proinflammatory HDL. Proteins were fractionated by Offgel electrophoresis and analyzed using an LC‐MS/MS system equipped with a high‐capacity high‐performance liquid chromatography chip incorporating C18 reverse‐phase trapping and analytical columns. Sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays were used to validate the association between select proteins and proinflammatory HDL in a second cohort of RA patients.ResultsSeventy‐eight proteins were identified in the HDL complexes. The levels of 12 proteins were significantly increased in RA patients with proinflammatory HDL compared to RA patients with antiinflammatory HDL. These proteins included the acute‐phase proteins apolipoprotein J, fibrinogen, haptoglobin, serum amyloid A, and complement factors (B, C3, and C9). The associations between proinflammatory HDL and 4 of the proteins were validated in a second RA cohort.ConclusionOur findings indicate that proinflammatory HDL in patients with RA contains a significantly altered proteome, including increased amounts of acute‐phase proteins and proteins involved in the complement cascade. These findings suggest that HDL is significantly altered in the setting of chronic inflammation in active RA, with resultant loss of its antiinflammatory function. The characterization of the biomarkers described herein may identify novel molecular connections that contribute to the higher risk of cardiovascular disease in RA patients.
Remission, minimal disease activity, and acceptable symptom state in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Defining criteria based on the juvenile arthritis disease activity score
Authors: Consolaro Alessandro , Bracciolini Giulia , Ruperto Nicolino , Pistorio Angela , Magni‐Manzoni Silvia , Malattia Clara , Pederzoli Silvia , Davì Sergio , Martini Alberto , Ravelli Angelo ,   for the Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organization
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo determine cutoff values for defining remission, minimal disease activity, and parent and child acceptable symptom state in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) using the Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score (JADAS).MethodsFor the selection of cutoff values, data from a clinical database including 609 children with JIA were used. Optimal cutoff values were determined against external criteria by calculating the 75th percentile of cumulative score distribution and through receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. External criteria included formal definitions of inactive disease and minimal disease activity, subjective rating of remission by physicians, parents, and children, and rating of acceptable symptom state by parents and children. The choice of cutoffs was made based on clinical and statistical grounds. Cross‐validation was performed using 4 JIA patient samples that included a total of 1,323 patients, and was based on assessment of construct, discriminant, and predictive validity.ResultsWith all versions of the JADAS, the cutoff score for classifying a patient as having inactive disease was 1, whereas the cutoff for classification of minimal disease activity was 2 for oligoarticular JIA and 3.8 for polyarticular JIA. Cutoffs for physicians', parents', and children's subjective rating of remission ranged from 2 to 2.3. Cutoffs for acceptable symptom state ranged from 3.2 to 5.4 for parents and from 3 to 4.5 for children. Results of cross‐validation analyses strongly supported the selected cutoff values.ConclusionCutoff values for classifying various disease states in JIA using the JADAS were developed. In cross‐validation analyses, they proved to have good construct and discriminant validity and ability to predict disease outcome.
Delayed gastric emptying determined using the 13C–octanoic acid breath test in patients with systemic sclerosis
Authors: Marie Isabelle , Gourcerol Guillaume , Leroi Anne‐Marie , Ménard Jean‐François , Levesque Hervé , Ducrotté Philippe 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of delayed gastric emptying using the 13C–octanoic acid breath test in unselected patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc), to evaluate whether findings of the 13C–octanoic acid breath test are associated with clinical digestive manifestations, gastric mucosal abnormalities detected by gastroscopy, motor activity dysfunction detected by antroduodenal manometry, and esophageal motor impairment and extradigestive manifestations of SSc, and to develop a risk prediction score of gastric emptying in SSc.MethodsConsecutive patients with SSc (n = 57) underwent the 13C–octanoic acid breath test. All of the patients with SSc completed a questionnaire on digestive symptoms, and a global symptom score (GSS) was calculated.ResultsThe prevalence of delayed gastric emptying was 47.4% in patients with SSc. A marked correlation was observed between a GSS of digestive symptoms ≥5 and the presence of delayed gastric emptying (P < 0.00001). The sensitivity of a GSS ≥5 for predicting delayed gastric emptying was as high as 0.93, while the specificity was 0.73. Moreover, a GSS ≥5, mucosal gastric abnormalities, severe esophageal motor impairment, and interstitial lung disease were factors that were independently associated with the presence of delayed gastric emptying, and these variables were used to create a risk prediction score. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the risk prediction score was 0.90; the sensitivity of this score for the prediction of delayed gastric emptying was 0.93, while the specificity was 0.77.ConclusionThe results indicate that delayed gastric emptying occurs often in patients with SSc. Interestingly, using risk models with routine clinical characteristics, a simple risk prediction score can be calculated, allowing prediction of the occurrence of delayed gastric emptying in patients with SSc.
The Importance of Stereochemically Active Lone Pairs For Influencing PbII and AsIII Protein Binding
Authors: Zampella Giuseppe , Neupane Kosh P. , De Gioia Luca , Pecoraro Vincent L. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe toxicity of heavy metals, which is associated with the high affinity of the metals for thiolate rich proteins, constitutes a problem worldwide. However, despite this tremendous toxicity concern, the binding mode of AsIII and PbII to proteins is poorly understood. To clarify the requirements for toxic metal binding to metalloregulatory sensor proteins such as AsIII in ArsR/ArsD and PbII in PbrR or replacing ZnII in δ‐aminolevulinc acid dehydratase (ALAD), we have employed computational and experimental methods examining the binding of these heavy metals to designed peptide models. The computational results show that the mode of coordination of AsIII and PbII is greatly influenced by the steric bulk within the second coordination environment of the metal. The proposed basis of this selectivity is the large size of the ion and, most important, the influence of the stereochemically active lone pair in hemidirected complexes of the metal ion as being crucial. The experimental data show that switching a bulky leucine layer above the metal binding site by a smaller alanine residue enhances the PbII binding affinity by a factor of five, thus supporting experimentally the hypothesis of lone pair steric hindrance. These complementary approaches demonstrate the potential importance of a stereochemically active lone pair as a metal recognition mode in proteins and, specifically, how the second coordination sphere environment affects the affinity and selectivity of protein targets by certain toxic ions.
When parents disclose BRCA1/2 test results: Their communication and perceptions of offspring response
Authors: Bradbury Angela R. , Patrick‐Miller Linda , Egleston Brian L. , Olopade Olufunmilayo I. , Daly Mary B. , Moore Cynthia W. , Sands Colleen B. , Schmidheiser Helen , Kondamudi Preethi K. , Feigon Maia , Ibe Comfort N. , Daugherty Christopher K. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:BRCA1/2 testing is not recommended for children, as risk reduction measures and screening are not generally recommended before 25 years old (YO). Little is known about the prevalence and predictors of parent communication to offspring and how offspring respond to this communication.METHODS:Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with parents who had BRCA1/2 testing and at least 1 child <25 YO. Logistic regressions were utilized to evaluate associations with communication. Framework analysis was utilized to analyze open‐ended responses.RESULTS:A total of 253 parents completed interviews (61% response rate), reporting on 505 offspring. Twenty‐nine percent of parents were BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. Three hundred thirty‐four (66%) offspring learned of their parent's test result. Older offspring age (P ≤ .01), offspring gender (female, P = .05), parents' negative test result (P = .03), and parents' education (high school only, P = .02) were associated with communication to offspring. The most frequently reported initial offspring responses were neutral (41%) or relief (28%). Thirteen percent of offspring were reported to experience concern or distress (11%) in response to parental communication of their test results. Distress was more frequently perceived among offspring learning of their parent's BRCA1/2 positive or variant of uncertain significance result.CONCLUSIONS:Many parents communicate their BRCA1/2 test results to young offspring. Parents' perceptions of offspring responses appear to vary by offspring age and parent test result. A better understanding of how young offspring respond to information about hereditary risk for adult cancer could provide opportunities to optimize adaptive psychosocial responses to risk information and performance of health behaviors, in adolescence and throughout an at‐risk life span. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Glucose meter inaccuracy and the impact on the care of patients
Authors: Hellman Richard 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBlood glucose testing utilizing point‐of‐care (POC) glucose meters has become increasingly common – in hospital settings, in outpatient areas, and in the self‐care of patients. It is rightly considered an essential tool for the management of diabetes. But many who rely on these meters are unaware of the pitfalls in their use and do not realize that there are settings where misleading results obtained by POC glucose meters may alter clinical decisions in the care of persons with diabetes and in some cases have caused catastrophic errors in care, even deaths. Their use in critical care settings is of great concern because many of the factors that increase the risk of inaccuracy of the POC glucose meters exist in critical care settings. Unfortunately, many clinicians are still uncritically accepting data from the POC glucose meters, to the potential detriment of the care of the patients.To improve the quality of care of those with diabetes, we need to establish better standards for the evaluation of POC glucose meters, encourage wider use of technologies that have improved the accuracy and precision of the meters, and adopt clear rules, particularly in inpatient settings, as to when to avoid using POC glucose meters and also when to verify their results before accepting the results of the POC glucose measurement. Such strategies are essential if we are to use these meters successfully. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diverse Coordination Behaviour of Phosphorus(V)‐Functionalised 6‐Chloroaminobenzothiazole Anions at Various Metal Centres
Authors: Coles Simon J. , Dale Sophie H. , Elsegood Mark R. J. , Gaw Kirsty G. , Gelbrich Thomas , Hursthouse Michael B. , Light Mark E. , Noble Thomas A. , Smith Martin B. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAminobenzothiazole‐functionalised phosphane 1 and its corresponding phosphorus(V) analogues 2–4 were synthesised in high yields. New 1D polymeric salts K[ClC6H3NC(S)NP(E)Ph2]∞ (E = O 5; E = S 6) were shown, by using single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, to exhibit unique potassium metal ion coordination through either κ3‐N2O tridentate (E = O) or κ2‐N2 bridging (E = S) modes. In contrast, κ2‐NE chelation (E = S, Se) was observed upon complexation to a range of metal fragments including {Ir(η5‐Cp*)Cl} (E = S 8; E = Se 9), {Rh(η5‐Cp*)Cl} (E = S 10; E = Se 11), {Ru(η6‐p‐MeC6H4iPr)Cl} (E = S 12), {Ru(η6‐C6Me6)Cl} (E = S 13) and {Pt(PMe2Ph)Cl} (E = S 14). All new compounds were characterised by a combination of multinuclear NMR, FTIR and microanalysis. Seven compounds were structurally characterised by using single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography.
A Novel Zr‐Based Porous Coordination Polymer Containing Azobenzenedicarboxylate as a Linker
Authors: Schaate Andreas , Dühnen Simon , Platz Georg , Lilienthal Sebastian , Schneider Andreas M. , Behrens Peter 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA novel porous coordination polymer (PCP), Zr–abdc, composed of Zr‐based secondary building units (SBUs), [Zr6O4(OH)4]12+, and 4,4′‐azobenzenedicarboxylate (abdc2–) linkers, has been synthesized by a modulated synthetic approach. In accord with the twelve‐fold connecting SBU, Zr–abdc has a topology similar to the PCP series UiO‐66–UiO‐68, which is proposed from single‐crystal XRD and powder (P)XRD experiments. The linkers are strongly disordered, which made it impossible to determine the exact structure. The compound was further characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy and Ar sorption measurements. Soxhlet extraction with ethanol instead of simple washing was helpful to remove guest molecules present in the pores after the synthesis. PXRD patterns measured at elevated temperatures show that a material stable up to 400 °C in air was obtained. After activation, it showed a specific surface area of 3000 m2 g–1 and a pore volume of 1.41 cm3 g–1.
Tetrakis(tetrathiafulvalene–tetrathiacrown ether)porphyrazine Triads: Synthesis, Photophysical, and Electrochemical Properties
Authors: Hou Ruibin , Li Bao , Zhong Keli , Li Hongda , Jin Long‐Yi , Yin Bingzhu 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA series of tetrakis(tetrathiafulvalene‐tetrathiacrown ether)porphyrazine triads with long and flexible aliphatic side‐chains at the periphery have been synthesized and characterized. Electrochemical investigations show two reversible four‐electron oxidation waves, one reversible one‐electron oxidation wave and two irreversible one‐electron reduction waves, which indicates that these triads are good π‐electron donors. Selected triad 4a reacted with 2,3,5,6‐tetrafluoro‐7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4TCNQ) to form a charge‐transfer complex, which exhibits absorption bands at around 760 and 860 nm. Selected triads 4a and 5a bind silver(I) and mercury(II) ions. In the case of triad 4a, the addition of silver(I) ions led to dimerization of the triad, which fragmented to form monomeric 4:1 host–guest complexes when more than 2 equiv. of the metal ions were added. X‐ray scattering at room temperature showed that triad 5c is a highly ordered oblique columnar structure in the bulk state. The crystal structures of the precursors 3b,c were also determined by X‐ray diffraction analysis.
Rapid Room‐Temperature 11C‐Methylation of Arylamines with [11C]Methyl Iodide Promoted by Solid Inorganic‐Bases in DMF
Authors: Cai Lisheng , Xu Rong , Guo Xuelei , Pike Victor W. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract[11C]Methyl iodide is the most widely used reagent for labeling radiotracers with carbon‐11 (t1/2 = 20.4 min) for molecular imaging with positron emission tomography. However, some substrates for labeling, especially primary arylamines and pyrroles, are sluggishly reactive towards [11C]methyl iodide. We found that insoluble inorganic bases, especially Li3N or Li2O, effectively promote rapid reactions (≤ 10 min) of such substrates with no‐carrier‐added [11C]methyl iodide in N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) at room temperature to give 11C‐methylated products in useful radiochemical yields. In particular, we discovered that some primary arylamines in Li3N/DMF were converted into their corresponding formanilides, and that these were readily N‐methylated with [11C]methyl iodide, which preceded easy basic hydrolysis to the desired [11C]N‐methyl secondary arylamines. The use of a solid base permitted selective reaction at an arylamino group and, in some cases, avoided undesirable side reactions, such as ester group hydrolysis. An ultrasound device proved useful to provide remote and constant agitation of the radioactive heterogeneous reaction mixtures but imparted no ultrasound‐specific chemical effect.
Enterocyte STAT5 promotes mucosal wound healing via suppression of myosin light chain kinase‐mediated loss of barrier function and inflammation
Authors: Gilbert Shila , Zhang Rongli , Denson Lee , Moriggl Richard , Steinbrecher Kris , Shroyer Noah , Lin James , Han Xiaonan 
Published: January 2012

AbstractEpithelial myosin light chain kinase (MLCK)‐dependent barrier dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). We reported that epithelial GM‐CSF–STAT5 signalling is essential for intestinal homeostatic response to gut injury. However, mechanism, redundancy by STAT5 or cell types involved remained foggy. We here generated intestinal epithelial cell (IEC)‐specific STAT5 knockout mice, these mice exhibited a delayed mucosal wound healing and dysfunctional intestinal barrier characterized by elevated levels of NF‐κB activation and MLCK, and a reduction of zonula occludens expression in IECs. Deletion of MLCK restored intestinal barrier function in STAT5 knockout mice, and facilitated mucosal wound healing. Consistently, knockdown of stat5 in IEC monolayers led to increased NF‐κB DNA binding to MLCK promoter, myosin light chain phosphorylation and tight junction (TJ) permeability, which were potentiated by administration of tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), and prevented by concurrent NF‐κB knockdown. Collectively, enterocyte STAT5 signalling protects against TJ barrier dysfunction and promotes intestinal mucosal wound healing via an interaction with NF‐κB to suppress MLCK. Targeting IEC STAT5 signalling may be a novel therapeutic approach for treating intestinal barrier dysfunction in IBD.
European Tertiary Fagaceae with chinquapin‐like foliage and leaf epidermal characteristics
Authors: Kvaček Zlatko , Walther Harald 
Published: January 2012

AbstractFoliage morphotypes of fossil Fagaceae similar to Castanea document for the Eocene and Oligocene of Europe important deciduous accessory elements of the Notophyllous Evergreen and Mixed Mesophytic Forest types. These detached leaf fossils with partially preserved cuticle structures allow us to discriminate two morphospecies: Castaneophyllum venosum (Rossmässler) Knobloch & Kvaček (Late Eocene) and Castaneophyllum lonchitiforme Kvaček & Walther, sp. n. (Oligocene). Both recall foliage of living representatives of Castanea sect. Balanocastanon Dode (chinquapins) and partly Quercus L. while detailed epidermal anatomy indicates more straightforward affinities to the Castaneoideae s.s., namely Castanea in particular, by broader bases of glandular trichomes (Castanea‐ type) and stellate appressed trichomes with thin bases. Similar Neogene morphospecies Quercus drymeja Ung. and Quercus kubinyii (Kováts ex Ettingsh.) Czeczott decidedly differ in almost hairless leaves with a strong hypodermal tissue and simple bases of glandular trichomes matching oaks of the Cerris group. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)