bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Ionic Liquid Mediated Cu‐Catalyzed Cascade oxa‐Michael‐Oxidation: Efficient Synthesis of Flavones under Mild Reaction Conditions.
Authors: Du Zhiyun , Ng Huifen , Zhang Kun , Zeng Huaqiang , Wang Jian 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe Cu(I)‐catalyzed cascade intramolecular oxa‐Michael‐oxidation sequence affords the flavones (II) and (IV) in high yields.A variety of functional groups is well tolerated in the reaction process.
ChemInform Abstract: Expeditious Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydroisocoumarins and Phthalides Using the Heck—Matsuda Reaction.
Authors: da Penha Eduardo T. , Forni Jose Augusto , Biagoli Andre F. P. , Correia Carlos Roque D. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractReaction of diazonium salt (I) with electron‐rich styrenes gives isocoumarins,whereas electron deficient‐olefins provide phthalides.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient, High Yielding, and Eco‐Friendly Method for the Synthesis of 14‐Aryl‐ or 14‐Alkyl‐14H‐dibenzo[a,j]xanthenes Using Polyvinylsulfonic Acid as a Recyclable Broensted Acid Catalyst.
Authors: Rahmatpour Ali 
Published: February 2012

AbstractSeventeen title compounds of type (III) are prepared from 2‐naphtol (I) and aldehydes (II) using polyvinylsulfonic acid (PVSA).
ChemInform Abstract: A Modular Synthesis of Functionalized Pyridines Through Lewis Acid‐Mediated and Microwave‐Assisted Cycloadditions Between Azapyrylium Intermediates and Alkynes.
Authors: Linder Igor , Gerhard Markus , Schefzig Luise , Andrae Michal , Bentz Christoph , Reissig Hans‐Ulrich , Zimmer Reinhold 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe dissociation of 6H‐1,2‐oxazine precursors mediated by BF3·OEt2 affords the azapyrylium intermediates which undergo the hetero‐Diels—Alder reactions with terminal or internal alkynes to give variously substituted pyridines.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave Assisted Synthesis of 4‐Thiazolidinones and Its 5‐Arylidene Derivatives: Screening of Antimicrobial Activity with Various Microorganisms.
Authors: Upadhyay Apoorva , Srivastava S. K. , Srivastava S. D. , Upadhyay Navneeta 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA simple and efficient method for the synthesis of new isonicotinamide derivatives incorporating a thiazolidine moiety (VIII) and their 5‐arylidene derivatives [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Hantzsch Reaction: Synthesis and Characterization of Some New 1,4‐Dihydropyridine Derivatives as Potent Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Agents.
Authors: Vijesh A. M. , Isloor Arun M. , Peethambar S. K. , Shivananda K. N. , Arulmoli T. , Isloor Nishitha A. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA variety of new substituted Hantzsch 1,4‐dihydropyridine derivatives containing a pyrazole moiety is synthesized and evaluated for antimicrobial and antioxidant activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Tandem 1,3‐Migration/[2 + 2] Cycloaddition of 1,7‐Enyne Benzoates to Azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct‐5‐enes.
Authors: Rao Weidong , Susanti Dewi , Chan Philip Wai Hong 
Published: February 2012

AbstractCyclobutane‐fused piperidines synthesized by the present new Au(I)‐catalyzed method are obtained as single diastereomers irrespective of the diastereomeric purity of the substrate.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Induced Stereoselectivity in Synthesis of trans‐4‐Aryl‐3‐methyl‐6‐oxo‐4,5,6,7‐tetrahydro‐2H‐pyrazolo [3,4‐b]pyridine‐5‐carbonitriles.
Authors: Rahmati Abbas , Kouzehrash Meysam Alizadeh 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAll products are purified by recrystallization from ethanol.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Synthesis of C‐3‐(Hetero)aryl [1,2,3]Triazolo[1,5‐a]pyridines Using the Stille Reaction.
Authors: Germain Herve , Harris Craig S. , Lebraud Honorine 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA high yielding synthesis of starting material (V) is developed and its application in the title reactions is demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: Conventional and Microwave Irradiation Technique for the Synthesis of Some Pyrimidine and Pyrazoline Derivatives from 1‐{4′‐[(4′′‐Methylpiperazinyl)‐diazenyl] phenyl}‐3‐(substitutedphenyl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐one (I) and Studies of Their Antimicrobial Activity.
Authors: Mistry B. D. , Desai K. R. , Rana P. B. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractNew pyrimidine derivatives (III) and pyrazoline derivatives (IV) and (VI) possess only low antibacterial activities compared to reference drug streptomycin.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidin‐4‐ones Catalyzed by Broensted‐Acidic Ionic Liquids as Highly Efficient and Reusable Catalysts.
Authors: Tavakoli‐Hoseini Niloofar , Moloudi Raheleh , Davoodnia Abolghasem , Shaker Mohammad 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe reaction is conducted under solvent‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile One‐Pot Three‐Component Synthesis of 5‐(Trifluoromethyl)‐4,7‐dihydro‐[1,2,4]‐triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine Derivatives in Ionic Liquid.
Authors: Li Tuanjie , Yao Changsheng , Lei Song , Yu Chenxia , Tu Shujiang 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe applied ionic liquid can be recycled several times.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Herbicidal Activity of Novel N‐(2‐Fluoro‐5(3‐methyl‐2,6‐dioxo‐4‐ (trifluoromethyl)‐2,3‐dihydro‐pyrimidin‐1 (6H)‐yl)phenyl)‐2‐phenoxyacetamide Derivatives.
Authors: Huang Mingzhi , et al. et al. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractCompounds (IIIa)—(IIId) show good herbicidal activity against dicotyledonous weeds.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel 2‐Arylamino‐3‐(arylsulfonyl) Quinoxalines as PI3Kα Inhibitors.
Authors: Hu Yongzhou , et al. et al. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe novel one‐pot procedure from dichloroquinoxaline (I) to (III) yields 2‐chloro‐3‐(arylsulfonyl)quinoxalines rather than 2‐chloro‐3‐(arylsulfonylhydrazide)quinoxalines, although in low yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Thio‐benzodiazepines as Novel Small Molecule Inhibitors of the p53—MDM2 Protein—Protein Interaction.
Authors: Sheng Chunquan , et al. et al. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA variety of thiobenzodiazepines is synthesized based on a versatile Ugi four‐component condensation.
ChemInform Abstract: Generation of α,β‐Unsaturated Platinum Carbenes from Homopropargylic Alcohols: Rearrangements to Polysubstituted Furans.
Authors: Allegretti Paul A. , Ferreira Eric M. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractMono‐, bis‐ and trisubstituted furan derivatives are prepared with high yields from homopropargylic alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Synthesis of Chiral Tertiary Diphosphines via Pd(II)‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrophosphination of Dienones.
Authors: Huang Yinhua , Chew Renta Jonathan , Li Yongxin , Pullarkat Sumod A. , Leung Pak‐Hing 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA wide range of target compounds is prepared with complete enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient and Recyclable Silica‐Supported Carbene—Cu(II) Catalyst for the Oxidative Coupling Reaction of Terminal Alkynes with H‐Phosphonates under Base‐Free Reaction Conditions.
Authors: Liu Ping , Yang Jin , Li Pinhua , Wang Lei 
Published: February 2012

AbstractTitle reaction proceeds smoothly for a variety of aromatic and aliphatic terminal alkynes to give the corresponding alkynylphosphonates (III) and (V) in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Concise Total Synthesis and Stereochemical Revision of (+)‐Naseseazines A and B: Regioselective Arylative Dimerization of Diketopiperazine Alkaloids.
Authors: Kim Justin , Movassaghi Mohammad 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA general, Lewis acid‐promoted method to substitute the bromide in diketopiperazine (I) by a variety of nucleophiles is developed which gives access to title alkaloids (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Concise Synthesis of Deformylflustrabromine, a Marine Indole Alkaloid, Through a 2‐Propynyl Dicobalt Hexacarbonyl Complex.
Authors: Isaji Hisaaki , Nakazaki Atsuo , Isobe Minoru , Nishikawa Toshio 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA new route for the synthesis of the title compound (IV), which is compatible to bromo, ester and basic amino groups, is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Total Synthesis of Resokaempferol 3‐O‐β‐D‐Glucoside.
Authors: Ren Xuhong , Wang Jingjing , Shen Liu‐Lan , Li Wei , Muraoka Osamu , Cheng Maosheng 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe synthesis of title compound (VI) from the inexpensive starting material (I) is achieved via an efficient glycosylation for the reaction of compound (III) with the glucopyranosyl bromide (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Organometallics (Roundtable 2011)
Authors: Gladysz John A. , Ball Zachary T. , Bertrand Guy , Blum Suzanne A. , Dong Vy M. , Dorta Reto , Hahn F. Ekkehardt , Humphrey Mark G. , Jones William D. , Klosin Jerzy , et al. et al. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractReview: 32 refs.
A new reaction model for aquathermolysis of Athabasca bitumen
Authors: Kapadia Punitkumar R. , Kallos Michael S. , Gates Ian D. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAquathermolysis of bitumen occurs when it is thermally cracked in the presence of water. Current in situ technologies for bitumen production, such as Cyclic Steam Stimulation and Steam‐Assisted Gravity Drainage, inject high pressure, high temperature steam in the reservoir to heat the bitumen which in turn lowers its viscosity enabling flow to a production well. Thus, the major physical effect of steam is the heating of bitumen which mobilises it. Beyond physical interactions, chemical effects also result: steam heating produces acid gases, such as carbon oxides, sulphur dioxide and hydrogen sulphide along with small amounts of hydrogen and methane. For steam‐based in situ bitumen recovery processes, nearly all analyses, including simple drainage theories and thermal reservoir simulations, focus solely on the physical processes: heat transfer, fluid flow and thermodynamic equilibrium. However, steam chambers are also underground reactors: bitumen aquathermolysis occurs due to high temperatures and water saturation. Here, we describe a new in situ aquathermolysis reaction scheme for Athabasca bitumen to predict hydrogen, methane, carbon oxides, hydrogen sulphide and other heavy molecular weight hydrocarbons. Reaction parameters were fitted against one experimental data set and validated against other independent experimental data sets, both from the literature. Our results indicate that, to more accurately predict gas compositions and rates, the effects of aquathermolysis should be taken into account in reservoir modelling. © 2012 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Oxygen mass transfer coefficient in bubble column slurry reactor with ultrafine suspended particles and neural network prediction
Authors: Chen Zhen , Liu Hongwei , Zhang Haitao , Ying Weiyong , Fang Dingye 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe gas–liquid volumetric mass transfer coefficient was determined by the dynamic oxygen absorption technique using a polarographic dissolved oxygen probe and the gas–liquid interfacial area was measured using dual‐tip conductivity probes in a bubble column slurry reactor at ambient temperature and normal pressure. The solid particles used were ultrafine hollow glass microspheres with a mean diameter of 8.624 µm. The effects of various axial locations (height–diameter ratio = 1–12), superficial gas velocity (uG = 0.011–0.085 m/s) and solid concentration (εS = 0–30 wt.%) on the gas–liquid volumetric mass transfer coefficient kLaL and liquid‐side mass transfer coefficient kL were discussed in detail in the range of operating variables investigated. Empirical correlations by dimensional analysis were obtained and feed‐forward back propagation neural network models were employed to predict the gas–liquid volumetric mass transfer coefficient and liquid‐side mass transfer coefficient for an air–water–hollow glass microspheres system in a commercial‐scale bubble column slurry reactor. © 2012 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Generalized surface quasi‐geostrophic equations with singular velocities
Authors: Chae Dongho , Constantin Peter , Córdoba Diego , Gancedo Francisco , Wu Jiahong 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThis paper establishes several existence and uniqueness results for two families of active scalar equations with velocity fields determined by the scalars through very singular integrals. The first family is a generalized surface quasigeostrophic (SQG) equation with the velocity fieldurelated to the scalarθby$u=\nabla^\perp\Lambda^{\beta-2}\theta$, where$1<\beta\le 2$and$\Lambda=(-\Delta)^{1/2}$is the Zygmund operator. The borderline caseβ= 1 corresponds to the SQG equation and the situation is more singular forβ> 1. We obtain the local existence and uniqueness of classical solutions, the global existence of weak solutions, and the local existence of patch‐type solutions. The second family is a dissipative active scalar equation with$u=\nabla^\perp (\log(I-\Delta))^\mu\theta\ {\rm for}\ \mu>0$, which is at least logarithmically more singular than the velocity in the first family. We prove that this family with any fractional dissipation possesses a unique local smooth solution for any given smooth data. This result for the second family constitutes a first step towards resolving the global regularity issue recently proposed by K. Ohkitani. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interpersonal Psychotherapy: Evaluation, Support, Triage
Authors: Weissman Myrna , Verdeli Helen 
Published: February 2012

Depression is highly prevalent and debilitating among medically ill patients. As high as one third of the primary practise patients screen positive for depression symptoms and over half of the patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder are treated in primary care. However, current primary care service arrangements do not efficiently triage patients who screen positive for depression into appropriate treatments that reflect their individual needs and preferences. In this paper, we describe a tool that aims to fill the gap between screening the patients for depression and triaging them to appropriate care. This is a three‐session adaptation of interpersonal psychotherapy: ipt; evaluation, support, triage (IPT‐EST). We first outline IPT‐EST procedures that aim to provide structure and content to primary care practitioners who identify patients with positive depression symptoms, thus assisting the practitioners to explore the patients' psychosocial triggers of depression, give basic strategies to manage these interpersonal stressors and provide decisions tools about triaging patients with severe/persistent depression into appropriate treatment. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner MessageIPT‐EST is a brief (2–3 sessions) intervention designed for primary care providers working with patients screened positive for depression.It offers practitioners structure and content to 1) support patients during depression evaluation; 2) explore interpersonal triggers of depression symptoms; and 3) triage into appropriate services as needed.
A ZCZ‐CDMA system with BFSK modulation
Authors: Huang Jincheng , Matsufuji Shinya , Matsumoto Takahiro , Kuroyanagi Noriyoshi 
Published: February 2012

SUMMARYA quasi‐timing synchronous code division multiple access (CDMA) system called ZCZ‐CDMA, which uses a set of sequences with a zero‐correlation zone called ZCZ code as a spreading code, is useful for short‐range wireless communications because of its excellent properties such as co‐channel interference‐free performance, simplified hardware design, and low transmit power as well as fast frame synchronization capability. In this paper, a ZCZ‐CDMA system with binary frequency‐shift keying (BFSK) modulation called BFSK‐ZCZ‐CDMA is proposed. This system is characterized by using a pair of balanced ZCZ codes for spreading and transmitting the two spread components over the respective keying carrier frequencies. Its bit error rate performance, compared with those of existing BPSK‐ZCZ‐CDMA, ASK‐ZCZ‐CDMA, and CDMA systems using the other spreading codes, is evaluated in theory and simulation. The bit error rate performance of the three ZCZ‐CDMA systems over additive white Gaussian noise and Rayleigh fading channels are formulated. It is proved that BFSK‐ZCZ‐CDMA is much more robust in anti‐fading performance and low transmit power in such an environment that fading distributions on the keying frequencies are independent mutually. Fading versus frequency characteristics are also investigated. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fine‐needle aspiration of metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma found in the liver
Authors: VandenBussche Christopher J. , Gocke Christopher D. , Li Qing Kay 
Published: February 2012

AbstractPapillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) metastasis to the liver is a rare event and may cause diagnostic dilemmas. In this study, we have reviewed the cytological features of metastatic PTC to the liver, tested the BRAF V600E status of these lesions, and discussed potential diagnostic pitfalls.The pathological archives at the Johns Hopkins Hospital were searched for metastatic PTC. A total of 247 cases were identified; four cases were found to have metastases to the liver. Three of these cases were available for molecular testing to determine BRAF V600E status.All patients were female with ages ranging from 39‐ to 66‐years old. Local lymph node involvement was found in all patients at the time of thyroidectomy. The average time of liver metastasis discovery following thyroidectomy was 16 years. The cytomorphology revealed predominantly microacini or two‐dimensional clusters. Tumor cells were small‐to‐intermediate in size with oval nuclei, fine chromatin, nuclear grooves, rare intranuclear pseudoinclusions, and mitoses. In all cases, immunohistochemical stains for thyroglobulin and thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF‐1) were positive. All these tested cases were negative for the BRAF V600E mutation.The differential diagnosis includes adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine neoplasms. The most important morphologic features for diagnosing PTC are the presence of pale finely granular chromatin, nuclear grooves, and intranuclear pseudoinclusions. A thorough review of the patient's clinical history and the use of appropriate IHC stains are essential in reaching an accurate diagnosis. Further molecular characterization is necessary to identify the changes most strongly associated with distant metastasis. Cytopathol. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Orphan Drugs for Rare Diseases: Grounds for Special Status
Authors: Picavet Eline , Dooms Marc , Cassiman David , Simoens Steven 
Published: February 2012

Abstract

Strategy, Management and Health Policy

Enabling Technology, Genomics, Proteomics
Preclinical Research
Preclinical Development Toxicology, Formulation Drug Delivery, Pharmacokinetics
Clinical Development Phases I‐III Regulatory, Quality, Manufacturing
Postmarketing Phase IV

In the European Union, rare diseases are defined as life‐threatening or chronically debilitating diseases that occur at such a low prevalence that special initiatives are needed to address them. There is a continuing debate about the special registration, pricing, and reimbursement status that orphan drugs enjoy in many countries. Therefore, the aim of this commentary is to examine the arguments that argue in favor of granting special status to orphan drugs. We conclude that monetary arguments must be carefully balanced with social and ethical motives to avoid unfair treatment of patients with a rare disease. Also, we provide an overview of how the special status of orphan drugs can be put into practice with respect to registration, pricing and reimbursement. Adopting this special status in practice is possible, but not straightforward. Hence we propose a number of policy recommendations, such as risk sharing arrangements, to take account of the special status of orphan drugs.
Synthesis, Molecular Structure, and Properties of 2‐(2‐Hydroxyphenyl)‐1‐azaazulene
Authors: Oda Mitsunori , Sugiyama Ayumi , Takeuchi Rie , Fujiwara Yurie , Miyatake Ryuta , Abe Takako , Kuroda Shigeyasu 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWe herein report the synthesis of 2‐(2‐methoxyphenyl)‐1‐azaazulene (8) by a Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction between 2‐chloro‐1‐azaazulene and 2‐methoxyphenylboronic acid and also by the condensation of tropone and the ylide derived from 1‐(o‐methoxyphenacyl)pyridinium iodide. Demethylation of 8 afforded the title compound 6. X‐ray crystallographic analysis of 6 provided evidence for an intramolecular hydrogen bond between the phenolic hydrogen atom and the nitrogen atom of the azaazulenyl ring and also revealed its coplanar ring system. We also report the acidity, basicity, and absorption and emission behavior of 6.
Antineoplasic Drug Methotrexate Redox Mechanism Using a Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Pontinha A. D. R. , Jorge S. M. A. , Diculescu V. C. , Vivan M. , Oliveira‐Brett A. M. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractMethotrexate (MTX) is an antimetabolite of folic acid indicated in the treatment of a variety of cancers. The electrochemical behaviour of MTX on a glassy carbon electrode was investigated. The MTX oxidation is a complex, pH‐dependent, diffusion‐controlled irreversible process and proceeds with the transfer of two electrons and two protons and the formation of one electroactive product, 7‐hydroxymethotrexate that undergoes a reversible redox reaction. The MTX reduction is a pH‐dependent, quasi‐reversible process and involves the transfer of two electrons and two protons leading to the formation of an electroactive product.
Carbon Nanotubes Electrochemistry Allows the In Situ Evaluation of the Effect of β‐Sheet Breakers on the Aggregation Process of β‐Amyloid
Authors: de la Fuente Elizabeth , Adura Carolina , Kogan Marcelo J. , Bollo Soledad 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe inhibition of aggregation and disaggregation effect of a β‐sheet breaker was evaluated by in situ electrochemistry of the Aβ1–42 peptide. The exposition of 10tyr residue was followed using a carbon nanotubes modified glassy carbon electrode immersed directly in the solution. Both processes were studied at a ratio of Aβ/β‐sheet breaker of 10 µM : 100 µM which is effective in vitro. This approach was compared with Thioflavin‐T‐induced fluorescence, gel electrophoresis and electron microscopy results. The results provide new clues about the disposition of the N‐terminal residue of Aβ in the structure of small aggregates, fibrils and amorphous aggregates and is promising for screening inhibitors of β‐amyloid aggregation.
Quantifying vapor drift of dicamba herbicides applied to soybean
Authors: Egan J. Franklin , Mortensen David A. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Recent advances in biotechnology have produced cultivars of corn, soybean, and cotton resistant to the synthetic-auxin herbicide dicamba. This technology will allow dicamba herbicides to be applied in new crops, at new periods in the growing season, and over greatly expanded areas, including postemergence applications in soybean. From past and current use in corn and small grains, dicamba vapor drift and subsequent crop injury to sensitive broadleaf crops has been a frequent problem. In the present study, the authors measured dicamba vapor drift in the field from postemergence applications to soybean using greenhouse-grown soybean as a bioassay system. They found that when the volatile dimethylamine formulation is applied, vapor drift could be detected at mean concentrations of 0.56 g acid equivalent dicamba/ha (0.1% of the applied rate) at 21 m away from a treated 18.3 × 18.3 m plot. Applying the diglycolamine formulation of dicamba reduced vapor drift by 94.0%. With the dimethylamine formulation, the extent and severity of vapor drift was significantly correlated with air temperature, indicating elevated risks if dimethylamine dicamba is applied early to midsummer in many growing regions. Additional research is needed to more fully understand the effects of vapor drift exposures to nontarget crops and wild plants. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 1023–1031. © 2012 SETAC