bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The fission yeast ortholog of Coilin, Mug174, forms Cajal body-like nuclear condensates and is essential for cellular quiescence
Authors: Deng Xiaoling , Yao Qinglian , Horvath Attila , Jiang Ziling , Zhao Junjie , Fischer Tamás , Sugiyama Tomoyasu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The Cajal body, a nuclear condensate, is crucial for ribonucleoprotein assembly, including small nuclear RNPs (snRNPs). While Coilin has been identified as an integral component of Cajal bodies, its exact function remains unclear. Moreover, no Coilin ortholog has been found in unicellular organisms to date. This study unveils Mug174 (Meiosis-upregulated gene 174) as the Coilin ortholog in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Mug174 forms phase-separated condensates in vitro and is often associated with the nucleolus and the cleavage body in vivo. The generation of Mug174 foci relies on the trimethylguanosine (TMG) synthase Tgs1. Moreover, Mug174 interacts with Tgs1 and U snRNAs. Deletion of the mug174+ gene in S. pombe causes diverse pleiotropic phenotypes, encompassing defects in vegetative growth, meiosis, pre-mRNA splicing, TMG capping of U snRNAs, and chromosome segregation. In addition, we identified weak homology between Mug174 and human Coilin. Notably, human Coilin expressed in fission yeast colocalizes with Mug174. Critically, Mug174 is indispensable for the maintenance of and transition from cellular quiescence. These findings highlight the Coilin ortholog in fission yeast and suggest that the Cajal body is implicated in cellular quiescence, thereby preventing human diseases.
Modular CRISPR/Cas12a synergistic activation platform for detection and logic operations
Authors: Hu Minghao , Cheng Xianzhi , Wu Tongbo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The revolutionary technology of CRISPR/Cas has reshaped the landscape of molecular biology and molecular engineering. This tool is of interest to researchers in multiple fields, including molecular diagnostics, molecular biochemistry circuits, and information storage. As CRISPR/Cas spreads to more niche areas, new application scenarios and requirements emerge. Developing programmability and compatibility of CRISPR/Cas becomes a critical issue in the new phase. Here, we report a redundancy-based modular CRISPR/Cas12a synergistic activation platform (MCSAP). The position, length, and concentration of the redundancy in the split DNA activators can finely regulate the activity of Cas12a. With the redundant structure as an interface, MCSAP serves as a modular plug-in to seamlessly integrate with the upstream molecular network. MCSAP successfully performs three different tasks: nucleic acid detection, enzyme detection, and logic operation. MCSAP can work as an effector for different molecular networks because of its compatibility and programmability. Our platform provides powerful yet easy-to-use tools and strategies for the fields of DNA nanotechnology, molecular engineering, and molecular biology.
The translocation activity of Rad54 reduces crossover outcomes during homologous recombination
Authors: Sridalla Krishay , Woodhouse Mitchell V , Hu Jingyi , Scheer Jessica , Ferlez Bryan , Crickard J Brooks 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Homologous recombination (HR) is a template-based DNA double-strand break repair pathway that requires the selection of an appropriate DNA sequence to facilitate repair. Selection occurs during a homology search that must be executed rapidly and with high fidelity. Failure to efficiently perform the homology search can result in complex intermediates that generate genomic rearrangements, a hallmark of human cancers. Rad54 is an ATP dependent DNA motor protein that functions during the homology search by regulating the recombinase Rad51. How this regulation reduces genomic exchanges is currently unknown. To better understand how Rad54 can reduce these outcomes, we evaluated several amino acid mutations in Rad54 that were identified in the COSMIC database. COSMIC is a collection of amino acid mutations identified in human cancers. These substitutions led to reduced Rad54 function and the discovery of a conserved motif in Rad54. Through genetic, biochemical and single-molecule approaches, we show that disruption of this motif leads to failure in stabilizing early strand invasion intermediates, causing increased crossovers between homologous chromosomes. Our study also suggests that the translocation rate of Rad54 is a determinant in balancing genetic exchange. The latch domain's conservation implies an interaction likely fundamental to eukaryotic biology.
“We’re on the Same Team”: A Qualitative Study on Communication and Care Coordination Surrounding the Requirement to Quit Smoking Prior to Elective Orthopedic Surgery
Authors: Golden Sara E , Sun Christina J , Young Allison , Katz David A , Vander Weg Mark W , Mayeda Marissa Song , Gundle Kenneth R , Bailey Steffani R 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Many surgeons require patients to quit smoking prior to elective surgeries to reduce the risk of postoperative complications. Our aim was to qualitatively evaluate the communication and care experiences of patients and clinicians involved in conversations about quitting smoking prior to elective orthopedic surgery.

Aims and Methods
A qualitative interview study of rural-residing Veterans, primary care providers (PCP), and Veterans Administration (VA) orthopedic surgery staff and pharmacists, who care for rural Veterans. We performed a combination of deductive and inductive approaches to support conventional content analysis using a Patient-centered care (PCC) framework.

Results
Patients appreciated a shared approach with their PCP on the plan and reasons for cessation. Despite not knowing if the motivation for elective surgeries served as a teachable moment to facilitate long-term abstinence, almost all clinicians believed it typically helped in the short term. There was a lack of standardized workflow between primary care and surgery, especially when patients used care delivered outside of the VA.

Conclusions
While clinician-provided information about the reasons behind the requirement to quit smoking preoperatively was beneficial, patients appreciated the opportunity to collaborate with their care teams on developing a plan for cessation and abstinence. Other aspects of PCC need to be leveraged, such as the therapeutic alliance or patient-as-person, to build trust and improve communication surrounding tobacco use treatment. System-level changes may need to be made to improve coordination and connection of clinicians within and across disciplines.

Implications
This study included perspectives from patients, primary care teams, and surgical teams and found that, in addition to providing information, clinicians need to address other aspects of PCC such as the therapeutic alliance and patient-as-person domains to promote patient engagement in tobacco use treatment. This, in turn, could enhance the potential of surgery as a teachable moment and patient success in quitting smoking.
β-Lactamase and Macrolide Resistance Gene Carriage in Escherichia coli Isolates Among Children Discharged From Inpatient Care in Western Kenya: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Mogeni Polycarp , Soge Olusegun O , Tickell Kirkby D , Tornberg Stephanie N , Pascual Rushlenne , Wakatake Erika , Diakhate Mame M , Rwigi Doreen , Kariuki Kevin , Kariuki Samuel , Singa Benson O , Fang Ferric C , Walson Judd L , Pavlinac Patricia B 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat to infectious disease control, particularly among recently hospitalized children. We sought to determine the prevalence and mitigating factors of resistance in enteric Escherichia coli among children discharged from health facilities in western Kenya.

Methods
Between June 2016 and November 2019, children aged 1 to 59 months were enrolled at the point of discharge from the hospital. E coli was isolated by microbiological culture from rectal swabs at baseline. β-Lactamases and macrolide resistance–conferring genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction. A modified Poisson regression model was used to assess the predictors mph(A) and CTX-M–type extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL).

Results
Of the 238 children whose E coli isolates were tested, 91 (38.2%) and 109 (45.8%) had detectable CTX-M–type ESBL and mph(A) genes, respectively. Antibiotic treatment during hospitalization (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR], 2.47; 95% CI, 1.12–5.43; P = .025), length of hospitalization (aPR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.00–2.01; P = .052), and the practice of open defecation (aPR, 2.47; 95% CI, 1.40–4.36; P = .002) were independent predictors for CTX-M–type ESBL and mph(A) genes. Pneumococcal vaccination was associated with a 43% lower likelihood of CTX-M–type ESBL (aPR, 0.57; 95% CI, .38–.85; P = .005), while measles vaccination was associated with a 32% lower likelihood of mph(A) genes (aPR, 0.68; 95% CI, .49–.93; P = .017) in E coli isolates.

Conclusions
Among children discharged from the hospital, history of vaccination, shorter hospital stay, lack of in-hospital antibiotic exposure, and improved sanitation were associated with a lower likelihood of AMR genes. To mitigate the continued spread of AMR, AMR control programs should consider strategies beyond antimicrobial stewardship, including improvements in sanitation, increased vaccine coverage, and the development of novel vaccines.
Association Between Antibiotic Receipt and Provider Rating Within a National Telemedicine Practice
Authors: Kambam Greeshmasree , Salehian Shiva , Liu Cindy M , Kleinschmidt Nina , Dean Kristin , Roy Vibin , Marshall Jaclyn , Hamdy Rana F 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This retrospective cohort study estimated the association between prescription receipt and provider 5-star rating for adult visits with upper respiratory infections in a national telemedicine practice with active antibiotic stewardship initiatives. The odds of a 5-star rating were higher for visits with an antibiotic or nonantibiotic prescription and longer visits.
Two structurally different oomycete lipophilic microbe-associated molecular patterns induce distinctive plant immune responses
Authors: Monjil Mohammad Shahjahan , Kato Hiroaki , Ota Satomi , Matsuda Kentaro , Suzuki Natsumi , Tenhiro Shiho , Tatsumi Ayane , Pring Sreynich , Miura Atsushi , Camagna Maurizio , Suzuki Takamasa , Tanaka Aiko , Terauchi Ryohei , Sato Ikuo , Chiba Sotaro , Kawakita Kazuhito , Ojika Makoto , Takemoto Daigo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Plants recognize a variety of external signals and induce appropriate mechanisms to increase their tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Precise recognition of attacking pathogens and induction of effective resistance mechanisms are critical functions for plant survival. Some molecular patterns unique to a certain group of microbes, microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), are sensed by plant cells as nonself molecules via pattern recognition receptors. While MAMPs of bacterial and fungal origin have been identified, reports on oomycete MAMPs are relatively limited. This study aimed to identify MAMPs from an oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of potato late blight. Using reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and phytoalexin production in potato (Solanum tuberosum) as markers, two structurally different groups of elicitors, namely ceramides and diacylglycerols, were identified. P. infestans ceramides (Pi-Cer A, B, and D) induced ROS production, while diacylglycerol (Pi-DAG A and B), containing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) as a substructure, induced phytoalexins production in potato. The molecular patterns in Pi-Cers and Pi-DAGs essential for defense induction were identified as 9-methyl-4,8-sphingadienine (9Me-Spd) and 5,8,11,14-tetraene-type fatty acid (5,8,11,14-TEFA), respectively. These structures are not found in plants, but in oomycetes and fungi, indicating that they are microbe molecular patterns recognized by plants. When Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) was treated with Pi-Cer D and EPA, partially overlapping but different sets of genes were induced. Furthermore, expression of some genes is upregulated only after the simultaneous treatment with Pi-Cer D and EPA, indicating that plants combine the signals from simultaneously recognized MAMPs to adapt their defense response to pathogens.
To train or educate? or train and educate?: The Australian police recruit training versus tertiary education dilemma
Authors: Miles-Johnson Toby 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Police organizations across the globe are challenged by how best to prepare recruits for careers in policing. In Australia, police organizations differ on whether to focus on officer preparedness in relation to occupational training or tertiary level police education. While the recruit training versus tertiary education dilemma is not a new debate regarding recruit preparation, this problem is heightened by the police staffing crisis, declining recruit applications, increasing officer retention, building a police force that is responsible, accountable, and respectful of the rights and dignity of every individual, and the need for officers to be digitally literate and to use technologies, so that the police organization can provide a better service to the community. As such, many Australian police organizations are struggling to recruit and retain officers and are considering whether mandated training or tertiary level education programs may dissuade or prevent applicants from a career in policing. This raises questions about the importance or lack of importance that Australian police organizations place on recruit education; firstly, as an entry requirement to a career in policing, and secondly, whether education should be partnered with occupational training. Whether recruits need to be educated to specific levels to effectively conduct police work and engage with citizens, or if police academy training (occupational training) without tertiary level police education is sufficient is discussed.
Elucidating and unravelling the novel antidepressant mechanism of action for atypical antipsychotics: repurposing the atypical antipsychotics for more comprehensive therapeutic usage
Authors: Fasipe Olumuyiwa John , Ogunboye Igbekele 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
There has been a paucity of research reports on the obscured antidepressant mechanism of action for the atypical antipsychotics.

Purpose
This study was designed to elucidate and unravel the novel antidepressant mechanism of action for atypical antipsychotics.

Data Sources and Materials
During the course of this study, original peer-reviewed articles reported in English language that investigated atypical antipsychotics were identified by exploring the Medline-Entrez-PubMed search, Web of Science database, Google Scholar search, and Science Direct database online facilities. Information was also sourced from printed textbooks and the reports documented by some recognized medically inclined and health professional bodies. These published materials containing documented reports relating to the subject matter of focus in this review article were accessed and adequately referenced. This study spanned for 8-month duration from March 2023 to November 2023.

Study Selection and Manuscript Preparation with Limitations
A total number of 117 published articles were reviewed, out of which 60 referenced articles were found to contain information pertinent to this study, while those parts of the referenced articles inapt to this study were neglected. Based on the pharmacological mechanism of action, the atypical antipsychotic agents can be broadly classified into two major subclasses, namely: regular and irregular atypical antipsychotics.

Conclusion
This review will proclaim and repurpose the atypical antipsychotics pharmacological properties for more comprehensive therapeutic usage as a new generation class of antidepressants that has brought forth substantial improvement and positive outcomes to the management of patients with depressive disorders in clinical practice.
Industrial policy and strategy: a contextual perspective and descriptive typology
Authors: Hemphill Thomas A 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Defining what “industrial policy” is, and correspondingly defining and differentiating “industrial strategy” from this legacy term, is of analytic consequence to understanding what these concepts mean in the current public and business policy debates taking place in the world’s developed and developing economies. Of import to these debates, however, is accurately understanding the role of industrial strategy and its symbiotic relevance to industrial policy. In this paper, the author develops a typology allowing the analyst to utilize five key components—governance approach, public research and development investment, public incentives, public disincentives, and industry/sectoral participation—to evaluate the proposed national approach (vertical or horizontal) to industrial strategy. To illustrate this industrial strategy typology, the author uses examples from the People’s Republic of China (vertical) and the USA (horizontal). Recent legislation has moved the USA to a balanced approach of vertical and horizontal industrial strategies (incorporating both central planning and market-based approaches).
Representing science: diversity on the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology
Authors: Evans Kenneth M , Matthews Kirstin R.W 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Federal advisory committees related to science and technology are important mechanisms for connecting policy-makers with independent experts and the broader public. The balance of represented expertise and viewpoints shapes a committee’s intended advisory role, consensus building processes, and the quality and impact of its policy recommendations. This paper presents the first historical analysis of the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST) and examines its changing balance of social and professional perspectives from 1990 to 2023. We demonstrate that PCAST’s balance has shifted to be more inclusive of different social groups and professional backgrounds over time, particularly under President Biden. We conclude with recommendations for future White House science policy advisory bodies to ensure they are adequately representative of the diversity of perspectives in the US research enterprise and the overall US population.
Returnees and innovation: evidence from Chinese publicly listed firms
Authors: Qiao Yibo , Ascani Andrea  , Breschi Stefano , Morrison Andrea 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
As the Chinese economy shifts from factor-driven to innovation-driven growth, Chinese firms are increasingly lacking highly skilled talents. In this context, attracting high-skill returnees might represent an effective strategy to access knowledge. In this paper, we investigate the relationship between high-skill returnees and innovation of Chinese publicly listed firms. We construct a unique dataset of 2,499 firms over the period 2002–16 by combining three different data sources (i.e. Chinese Research Data Services Platform, China Stock Market & Accounting Research Database, and LinkedIn). Our results show that different typologies of returnees (employees, technologists, and managers) with different experiences abroad (work vs study) may bring back different skills and impact differently on firm innovation. Our main findings show that (1) returnee employees and technologists are positively associated with firm’s patenting; (2) returnees’ overseas work experience matters more than study experience; and (3) the positive role of returnees is subject to contingencies related to firm characteristics such as ownership, location, and size.
Nanotechnology and knowledge relatedness: how to identify optimal regional partners in EU innovation networks?
Authors: Calignano Giuseppe , Lee Junmin , Kogler Dieter F 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Research & Innovation (R&I) policy initiatives employed by the European Union (EU) across its regional economies are important instruments to ensure the scientific and technological progress along with the associated benefits. One relevant aspect in this regard is to encourage and enable collaboration between regional partners to enhance potential learning opportunities and to ensure cohesive long-term development patterns. Furthermore, frequently these initiatives are also targeted at specific technology sectors, such as the EU R&I policy actions towards nanotechnology. Based on an advance theoretical framework and data from the official EU project databases as well as regionalized European Patent Office data, the present study develops a methodological tool through which it is possible to identify effective collaboration settings, while providing policymakers and evaluators with a practical tool that will enable them to predict the possible outcomes of such critical EU-funded R&I projects from the onset.
Impact of planning horizon length on traits in an economic breeding goal and ranking of selection candidates in beef cattle
Authors: Valasek Hunter F , Lewis Ronald M , Golden Bruce L , Spangler Matthew L 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In beef production herds, unique situations such as breeding system, economic parameters, and current phenotypic performance can affect the emphasis of traits in the breeding goal and consequently the weighting of traits within a selection index. An often overlooked component of breeding goals is the planning horizon, or the time span to consider the economic impact of a selection decision, that varies between enterprises. A platform for constructing economic selection indexes (iGENDEC) was used to determine the impact of planning horizon length, breeding system, and sale endpoint on the relative emphasis of traits in the breeding goal and the re-ranking of selection candidates. As part of this investigation, the adjustment of phenotypic means for hot carcass weight and planning horizons were used to determine the impact of the relative emphasis on hot carcass weight as its mean approached a predetermined discount threshold. General-purpose indexes were created for animals sold at weaning and slaughter for three breeding systems with six different planning horizons (2, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 50 yr). As planning horizon increased, the relative emphasis on weaning weight or hot carcass weight, which affected revenue, decreased while the relative emphasis on stayability and mature weight increased. As the phenotypic mean for hot carcass weight approached and surpassed a predetermined discount threshold, the relative emphasis decreased before increasing again, once the mean weight surpassed the threshold. Rank correlations between indexes with different sale endpoints was 0.71 ± 0.1. Within a slaughter endpoint, re-ranking occurred between short and long planning horizons (r = 0.78 ± 0.09) while that of a weaning endpoint was less substantial (r = 0.85 ± 0.10). Jacard index scores between indexes with different planning horizons ranged from 39.7% to 87.9% and from 47.9% to 78.7% for weaning and carcass endpoints, respectively, for the top 5% of selection candidates. These results illustrate that the determination of a planning horizon can impact the rank of selection candidates and increases in net profit.