#1174 Prevalence and factors contributing to erythropoietin hyporesponsiveness in CKD patients on hemodialysis: a single center, cross sectional study
Authors: Sharma Manjuri , Tamut Oyik , Doley Prodip Kumar , Pegu Gayatri 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Anemia, one of the most frequent early complications of CKD is associated with a reduced QOL, cardiovascular morbidity, accelerated CKD progression, and it is an independent predictor of mortality. The successful management of anemia is a vital part of patient care, that improves clinical outcomes. According to the literature, 90% of renal anemia patients responded in a dose-dependent manner to rHu EPO, whereas the remaining 5–10% of patients had either a blunted or absent response to this agent, despite high-dose therapy. Erythropoietin hyporesponsiveness is a strong, independent predictor of mortality risk. Various factors have been associated with ESA hypo responsiveness in different studies. Both the inability to achieve a target hemoglobin and administration of high dose epoetin -alpha are associated with increased risk of CVD complications.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

Method
STUDY PERIOD: December 2021 to DECEMBER 2022
STUDY DESIGN: Observational cross sectional study.
SAMPLE SIZE: N = 144:
Patients older than 18 years old undergoing hemodialysis for at least 3 months before the study were enrolled.
History of inpatient treatment, infection, bleeding or transfusion within the last month, hematologic disorders sickle cell disease, MDS and active malignancies were excluded.
Required parameters were recorded on every month follow up;Demographic data, Cause of ESRD, Dialysis vintage, ESAs dose (Unit/week), type, Medications history; Dose (mg/week) of iron preparation & use of medication like ACEi, ARBs, dialysis adequacy(Kt/V), haemogram, Liver function test, Kidney function test Iron profile, Serum parathyroid hormone, Serum calcium & phosphorus, CRP, Anti EPO antibodies(if required).
We used the European Best Practice Guideline (EBPG) II definition to define ESA hyporesponsiveness for our study purpose(Increase in erythropoietin dose ≥25% to maintain the same Hgb level or &lt; 1 mg/dL gain in Hgb after 4 weeks.
EHRI was calculated by dividing weekly ESA dose per kilogram of body weight (IU/Kg/W) by hemoglobin level (g/dL).
Based on EHRI, patients were assigned or divided into 2 groups. Group I (EHRI&lt;16) and Group II (EHRI ≥ 16). Patients in the Group II were labeled as erythropoietin hyporesponsive patients and they were compared with others in order to identify the impact of different factors on ESA.

Results
Among 144 patients, 80 were male and 64 females and 28.4% were diabetic. Mean EHRI were calculated for all patients and based on EHRI pts were divided into two study groups, Gr-I (EHRI&lt;16) & Gr-II(EHRI ≥16). EHRI ≥16 group was considered as ESA hyporesponsive groups. The study parameters were compared between the groups and its statistical significance measured.
The overall prevalence of ESA hyporesponsive in our study was 26.3%.

Conclusion
The overall prevalence of ESA hyporesponsive in our study was 26.3%. Iron deficiency anemia, inadequate dialysis, chronic inflammation, malnutrition, secondary hyperparathyroidism and increased dialysis vintage were the factors associated with ESA hyporesponsiveness.