bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overview of the Twitter conversation around #14F 2021 Catalonia regional election: an analysis of echo chambers and presence of social bots
Authors: Broto Cervera Raul , Pérez-Solà Cristina , Batlle Albert 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The omnipresence of the digital ecosystem makes it increasingly important in our societies, which implies that the analysis and study of the digital battlefield in political elections is also becoming more necessary to protect our democracies. Previous literature showed the existence of information operations around the world, designed to manipulate the political perception of citizens, and therefore, the electoral results. This paper examines the Twitter conversation around #14F 2021 Catalonia regional elections, which had special significance due to the pandemic situation and the highly polarized scenario around Catalonia and Spain, using tools and techniques from Big Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence. The results obtained show that the conversation existed inside robust echo chambers within each political party community, which became even more powerful if parties are unified into political affinity blocks. Also, focusing on the analysis related to the social bot presence, a significant quantity of results showed a higher presence of social bots in VOX party community compared to the rest of communities. This study corroborates other existing studies regarding the Catalan and Spanish scenario on the presence of echo chambers and on the existence of social bots with their tendency to basically amplify content; it also uncovers the lack of existence of cross-conversation between the independentist and unionist political block claimed in other studies.
Mobility of geometric constraint systems with extrusion symmetry
Authors: Owen J. , Schulze B. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIf we take a (bar-joint) framework, prepare an identical copy of this framework, translate it by some vector $$\tau $$
τ
, and finally join corresponding points of the two copies, then we obtain a framework with ‘extrusion’ symmetry in the direction of $$\tau $$
τ
. This process may be repeated t times to obtain a framework whose underlying graph has $$\mathbb {Z}_2^t$$

Z
2
t

as a subgroup of its automorphism group and which has ‘t-fold extrusion’ symmetry. Extruding a framework is a widely used technique in CAD for generating a 3D model from an initial 2D sketch, and hence it is important to understand the flexibility of extrusion-symmetric frameworks. Using group representation theory, we show that while t-fold extrusion symmetry is not a point-group symmetry, the rigidity matrix of a framework with t-fold extrusion symmetry can still be transformed into a block-decomposed form in the analogous way as for point-group symmetric frameworks. This allows us to establish Fowler-Guest-type character counts to analyse the mobility of such frameworks. We show that this entire theory also extends to the more general point-hyperplane frameworks with t-fold extrusion symmetry. Moreover, we show that under suitable regularity conditions the infinitesimal flexes we detect with our symmetry-adapted counts extend to finite (continuous) motions. Finally, we establish an algorithm that checks for finite motions via linearly displacing framework points along velocity vectors of infinitesimal motions.
Surgery in patients with infective endocarditis and prognostic importance of patient frailty
Authors: Graversen Peter Laursen , Østergaard Lauge , Smerup Morten Holdgaard , Strange Jarl Emanuel , Hadji-Turdeghal Katra , Voldstedlund Marianne , Køber Lars , Fosbøl Emil 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Surgery is required in 20–50% of patients with infective endocarditis (IE). Frailty increases surgical risk; however, the prognostic implications of frailty in patients undergoing IE-related surgery remain poorly understood. We aimed to assess the association between frailty and all-cause mortality or rehospitalization after discharge (≥ 14 days).

Methods
We identified all IE patients who underwent surgery during admission (2010–2020) in Denmark. The Hospital Frailty Risk Score was used to categorize patients into two frailty risk groups, patients with low frailty scores (< 5 points) and frail patients (≥ 5 points). We analyzed time hospitalized after discharge and all-cause mortality from the date of surgery with a one-year follow-up. Statistical analyses utilized the Kaplan–Meier estimator, Aalen–Johansen estimator, and the Cox regression model.

Results
We identified 1282 patients who underwent surgery during admission, of whom 967 (75.4%) had low frailty scores, and 315 (24.6%) were frail. Frail patients were characterized by advanced age, a lower proportion of males, and a higher burden of comorbidities. Frail patients were more hospitalized (> 14 days) in the first post-discharge year (19.1% vs.12.3%) compared to patients with low frailty scores. Additionally, frail patients had higher rates of all-cause mortality including in-hospital deaths (27% vs. 15%) and rehospitalizations (43.5% vs 26.1%) compared to patients with low frailty scores. This was also evident in the adjusted analysis (hazard ratio 1.36 [CI 95% 1.09–1.71]).

Conclusion
Frailty was associated with an ≈40% increased rate of rehospitalization (≥ 14 days) or death. Further studies are needed to assess the effectiveness of surgery with a focus on frailty to improve prognostic outcomes in these patients.
Ketogenic Diets Hold Therapeutic Potential Against Periodontal Inflammation
Authors: Karmakar Shaswata , Shivaprasad  , Arangaraju Ramya , Modak Baishakhi , Shanmugasundaram Shashikiran 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Periodontitis, one of the most prevalent diseases in the world, is caused by the accumulation of dysbiotic microbial biofilm on the teeth leading to chronic inflammation of the tissues surrounding the teeth. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, chronic stress, and smoking are some of the risk factors for the disease. A high-carbohydrate diet also increases the risk of periodontal inflammation. Modifying diet and nutrition could serve as a preventive and therapeutic tool to target multiple risk factors simultaneously.

Recent Findings
Emerging evidence shows that the ketogenic diet induces hormetic stress and switches on various cell-protective anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms. The ketogenic diet also improves mitochondrial function, DNA repair, and autophagy. The diet can effectively treat periodontitis risk factors such as T2DM and obesity. By restricting carbohydrates, the diet improves glycaemic control in T2DM patients and can effectively produce fat loss and reduce BMI (body-mass index) in obese patients. Poor long-term compliance and high cost are the drawbacks of the diet and the potential of the diet to increase cardiovascular disease risk needs further investigation.

Summary
Taken together, ketogenic diets, through various mechanisms reduce inflammation, mitigate oxidative stress, improve metabolic health, and can be used as a therapeutic tool to treat periodontal inflammation. Since robust scientific evidence for the ketogenic diet is currently scarce, future research should study the diet's efficacy, effectiveness, and safety in managing periodontal inflammation.
“TiC-TUG”: technology in clinical practice using the instrumented timed up and go test—a scoping review
Authors: Böttinger Melissa J. , Labudek Sarah , Schoene Daniel , Jansen Carl-Philipp , Stefanakis Marios-Evangelos , Litz Elena , Bauer Jürgen M. , Becker Clemens , Gordt-Oesterwind Katharina 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDigitized assessments have a considerable potential to guide clinicial decision making and monitor progress and disease trajectories. The Timed Up and Go test (TUG) has been long established for assessment in geriatric medicine and instrumented versions (iTUG) have been developed and validated. This scoping review includes studies that applied the iTUG and aims to identify use cases to show where and how iTUG assessment could guide interventions and clinical management. The literature search was limited to peer-reviewed studies that performed pre- and post-intervention measurements with a 3-meter TUG instrumented with body-worn technology in samples of at least 20 subjects aged 60+ years. Of 3018 identified articles 20 were included. Four clinical use cases were identified: stratification for subsequent therapy, monitoring of disease or treatment-associated changes and evaluation of interventions in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (1), and patients with Parkinson’s disease (2); monitoring after joint replacement surgery (3), and evaluation after different exercise and rehabilitation interventions (4). The included studies show diversity in terms of iTUG technology and procedures. The identified use cases highlight clinical relevance and high potential for the clinical application of the iTUG. A consensual approach as well as comprehensive reporting would help to further exploit the potential of the iTUG to support clinical management. Future studies should investigate the benefits of segmental iTUG analysis, responsiveness and participants’ perspectives on clinically meaningful changes in iTUG.
Research on the Dynamic Stress Tracking Test Period of the Bogie Frame for Metro Vehicle
Authors: Li Cen , Yin Yi , Qian Nan , Wang Binjie , Sun Shouguang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDynamic stress is one of the key indicators reflecting the fatigue characteristics of metro bogie frames. Considering the test costs, operation safety, and other factors, it is impossible to record all the dynamic stress data for the whole service period in the tracking test. Therefore, the overall stress spectrum is statistically deduced based on limited dynamic stress data samples, which can not only provide a basis for the fatigue reliability research of the bogie frame, but also save costs. In this paper, the typical fatigue control points in different areas of the frame with large equivalent stress are selected for research. The daily measured stress spectrum samples are obtained through the rainflow counting method, and the statistical stress spectrum is then compiled. Weibull distribution fitting of the stress spectrum is carried out to obtain the scale and shape parameter samples for different fatigue control parts. After sampling of the obtained parameter samples and conducting variance homogeneity tests as well as t-tests, the minimum sample size representing the overall distribution of the interval is obtained. Therefore, the shortest tracking test period reflecting the overall stress distribution of typical fatigue control parts can be obtained.
Multi-year study of environmental stability of Ti3C2Tx MXene films
Authors: Lee Asaph , Shekhirev Mikhail , Anayee Mark , Gogotsi Yury 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMXenes are a family of two-dimensional (2D) carbides and nitrides with extraordinary electrical, optical, chemical, and electrochemical properties. There is a perception that MXenes are unstable and degrade quickly, limiting potential applications and requiring specific storage conditions to last for a long time. It primarily comes from studies on delaminated MXenes flakes in dilute dispersions and samples from defective or non-stoichiometric precursors when MXene research was in its infancy. In the years since then, significant developments in synthesis, processing, and understanding of their chemistry have led to dramatic increases in the environmental stability of many MXenes, especially the widely studied Ti3C2Tx. However, previous studies focused primarily on MXene dispersion, while in the majority of applications, MXenes are processed into films soon after synthesis. Herein, we analyze Ti3C2Tx free-standing films aged from 4 to 10 years through structural and morphological characterization along with electrical conductivity measurements to reveal the effect, or lack thereof, of prolonged storage under ambient conditions. Further, we show that the decrease in electronic conductivity over time is caused mainly by water uptake by the hydrophilic surfaces of MXenes, which can be removed by vacuum annealing. As a result, the conductivity of the films can be partially or almost completely recovered.
Hostility on Twitter in the aftermath of terror attacks
Authors: Czymara Christian S. , Gorodzeisky Anastasia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the relationship between major Jihadist terror attacks and manifestations of ethno-religious hostility on social media. Analyzing approximately 4.5 million time-stamped Tweets from 1.2 million users across five European countries, the study focuses on content discussing migration and related topics in the weeks before and after ten significant terror attacks. The findings show a notable and robust increase in hostile Tweets after an attack. An interrupted time series analysis demonstrates a 10% point surge at the time of the attack, followed by a gradual decline. Accordingly, the impact of such attacks on online hostility diminishes approximately seven days after the event. Further analyses reveal that while attacks have the strongest effect on Tweets about Muslims and Islam, the attacks also increase hostility in Tweets about migration in general. We find that the overall attack effect is driven by both intra-user changes in Tweeting and changes in the composition of users posting after an attack. The findings underscore the importance of understanding the interplay between terrorist events and online discourse, shedding light on the dynamics of ethno-religious hostility in the digital realm.
Hydrogeochemical characterization and water quality evaluation for drinking and irrigation purposes of coastal aquifers of Middle Andaman
Authors: Kumar Pardeep , Vishwakarma Chandrashekhar Azad , Singh Priyadarshini , asthana Harshita , Rena Vikas , mate Carolyne chinneikim , Mukherjee Saumitra 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA comprehensive study to characterize the hydrogeochemistry of the region and the impact of saltwater intrusion on groundwater was conducted along the eastern coast of Middle Andaman of Andaman and Nicobar (A&N) Islands. The escalating population growth and intensified tourism activities have resulted in the over-extraction of groundwater. Seismic activities led to the opening of lineaments to the sea and the dissolution of limestone in the influence of seawater. 24 groundwater samples and 1 reference sample from sea were taken from various locations of middle Andaman. The analysis involved the determination of major cations, anions, and heavy metals using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission spectroscopy (ICP), spectrophotometry, and flame photometry. Furthermore, X-ray diffraction analysis, binary diagrams, Chloro-alkaline indices (CAI), Gibbs Plot, correlation matrix, Piper plot, Chadha’s plot and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to the major ions data indicated rock-water interactions, strong correlations among alkali and alkaline earth metals, and interactions between seawater and carbonate minerals respectively. The water quality index indicated “very poor to unsuitable for drinking purposes” in 24% of the samples. Additionally, indices for irrigation suitability; total hardness (TH), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), and Magnesium adsorption ratio (MAR) were found to be detrimental for irrigation in 80%, 08%, and 12% of the water samples, respectively. These results highlight the importance of implementing effective water resource management techniques, such as groundwater extraction rates, adopting appropriate water treatment technologies to mitigate the adverse impacts of heavy metals, saltwater intrusion and maintain water quality for human consumption and agricultural use in the region.
Which Explanation Should be Selected: A Method Agnostic Model Class Reliance Explanation for Model and Explanation Multiplicity
Authors: Gunasekaran Abirami , Mistry Pritesh , Chen Minsi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFeature importance techniques offer valuable insights into machine learning (ML) models by conducting quantitative assessments of the individual contributions of variables to the model’s predictive outcomes. This quantification differs across various explanation methods and multiple almost equally accurate models (Rashomon models), creating explanation and model multiplicities. This resulted in a novel framework called method agnostic model class reliance range (MAMCR) for identifying a unified explanation across methods for multiple models. This consensus explanation provides each feature’s importance range for a class of models. Using state-of-the-art feature importance methods, experiments on popular machine learning datasets are conducted with a$$\varepsilon -$$ε-threshold value of 0.1. The dataset-specific Rashomon set with 200 models, and the prediction accuracy of concerned reference models ($$m^*$$m∗) have produced encouraging results in obtaining a consensus model reliance explanation that is consistent across multiple methods. The experiment results ensure whether the prediction accuracy level of models has an impact on the importance range estimation of features. Also, the order of features suggested by MAMCR leads to better performance of models consistently in all the experimented datasets, than the state-of-the-art methods.
ISO 59000 Standards for the Circular Economy: a Call for Accuracy
Authors: Heras-Saizarbitoria Iñaki , Boiral Olivier , Testa Francesco 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWith the expressed aim of reducing uncertainty and lack of precision about the Circular Economy paradigm, several standards are being proposed by standard-setting bodies. The world’s most prominent body — the International Organization for Standardization — is developing the ISO 59000 family of standards to establish a common language and conceptual framework for the Circular Economy. In the light of the vigorous debate in the scientific literature about the Circular Economy, as well as criticism of the concepts involved, this perspective article calls for more precision in the definition of this type of standard.
A novel trusted hardware-based scalable security framework for IoT edge devices
Authors: Khan Mohd , Hatami Mohsen , Zhao Wenfeng , Chen Yu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe Internet of Things (IoT) devices are pervasively deployed and embedded into our daily lives. Over several years, the massive assimilation of IoT devices has given rise to smart cities, smart factories, smart farms, etc. While IoTs can collect immense amounts of user and environmental information, the lack of adequate security measures is among the major concerns about information security and privacy. With the ever-increasing presence of IoTs, information flow between IoT devices in a single or multi-layered network is becoming increasingly vulnerable to attacks. Although several software-based solutions have been developed over the years that improve the security of resource-constrained IoT devices, there are limited efforts on hardware-oriented IoT security solutions. This paper proposes a Trusted HArdware-based Scalable Secure Architecture (THASSA) for IoT Edge systems. Leveraging standard cryptographic algorithms, THASSA provides a secure mechanism for data transfer and off-loads cryptography operations to trusted hardware. The modularized THASSA architecture allows devices to be added or removed without user intervention. Also, THASSA could be scaled to multiple subsystems using multiple trusted hardware to form IoT clusters with secure data path(s) for mission-critical applications. An experimental study has verified the correctness and effectiveness of THASSA.
Understanding Ionospheric and Geomagnetic Effects on Residual Biases in Radio Occultation Data for Stratospheric Climate Monitoring
Authors: Liu Congliang , Danzer Julia , Kirchengast Gottfried , Haas Stephanie J. , Proschek Veronika , Schwaerz Marc , Sun Yueqiang , Wang Xi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHigher‐order residual ionospheric errors in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) radio occultation (RO) data can induce a systematic residual ionospheric bias (RIB) in RO bending angles, which can impact stratospheric climate monitoring. The main RIB causes are the ray path splitting of dual‐frequency GNSS signals, the electron density distribution along the ray path and at the RO receiver location, and the geomagnetic field. In this study, we investigate the ionospheric and geomagnetic effects on RO‐retrieved stratospheric bending angle and temperature profiles by inspecting the kappa and bi‐local RIB correction methods, the current state‐of‐the‐art methods, using multiple RO satellite mission data in different ionospheric and geomagnetic conditions. We find that, globally, the layer mean/median RIBs of the kappa and bi‐local correction methods exhibit similar behaviors for different RO missions: the estimated bending angle RIBs reach about −0.025/−0.01 and −0.024/−0.008 μrad in the upper (40–45 km) and lower (30–35 km) stratosphere, respectively, while the temperature RIBs reach about −1.0/−0.3 and −0.2/−0.1 K in these layers. However, in the equatorial day time region, the RIB statistics of the mission results diverge. Both the kappa and bi‐local RIBs increase in magnitude with increasing ionization and geomagnetic field strength but show no increase with an increasing degree of ionospheric asymmetry. Overall, the more refined bi‐local method has higher capacity than the comparatively simple kappa method to represent the variability of the ionospheric and geomagnetic conditions that affect RO events. This is important for regional‐scale studies, where the geomagnetic term can be of key relevance.
Statistical Properties of Ion Upflow Associated With Subauroral Ion Drift (SAID) in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Han De‐Sheng , Wang Zhi‐Wei , Teng Shang‐Chun , Ma Yu‐Zhang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe ion upflow has great significance for the transport and exchange of particles during magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling process. Previous studies focus on the ion upflow in the polar region, and find that ion upflow has hemispheric asymmetries. In subauroral region, the ion upflow is closely related with subauroral ion drift (SAID). However, the characteristics of ion upflow associated with SAID in both northern and southern hemispheres are still unknown. Based on the observation of DMSP satellites F16‐F18 from 2010 to 2020, we investigate the north‐south hemisphere distributions of ion upflow associated with SAID during quiet and disturbed time. The ion upflow rate presents localized features in both hemispheres. The ion upflow rate in the southern hemisphere is slightly higher/lower than that in the northern hemisphere before/after 1900 MLT. The ion upflow velocity in the southern hemisphere shows a clear dependence on magnetic local time (MLT). Furthermore, We find that the hemispheric asymmetry of ion upflow is closely related to the asymmetric configuration of the ionospheric parameters such as plasma density, conductance and solar elevation angle during magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling process. The result also indicates that SAID and sunlight condition play important roles in the ion upflow in subauroral region.