bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of ethanol as gasoline additive on vehicle fuel delivery system corrosion
Authors: Jafari H. , Idris M. H. , Ourdjini A. , Rahimi H. , Ghobadian B. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn this research, the effect of ethanol as gasoline additive has been investigated into metal corrosion of a fuel delivery system. Corrosion tests have been performed in gasoline with different percentages of ethanol, using weight loss (immersion test) and electrochemical impedance stereoscopy (EIS) procedures. Surface of test specimens were checked by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after 144 days of immersion in test solution. Also corroded components were analyzed using energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDAX) method. Test results, investigations, and analyses, altogether show more corrosion with the increase in ethanol percentage and water content in gasoline. Test results show that among different materials in fuel delivery system, aluminum alloys and hard soldering alloys have less corrosion than the others. Also chloride and sulfide were recognized as the main compound of corrosion products; therefore, the control of these two elements in fuel delivery system is a must in case of using ethanol as fuel additive in near future.
Dietary flaxseed lignan or oil combined with tamoxifen treatment affects MCF‐7 tumor growth through estrogen receptor‐ and growth factor‐signaling pathways
Authors: Saggar Jasdeep Kaur , Chen Jianmin , Corey Paul , Thompson Lilian U. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis study aimed to elucidate which component of flaxseed,i.e.secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) lignan or flaxseed oil (FO), makes tamoxifen (TAM) more effective in reducing growth of established estrogen receptor positive breast tumors (MCF‐7) at low circulating estrogen levels, and potential mechanisms of action. In a 2×2 factorial design, ovariectomized athymic mice with established tumors were treated for 8 wk with TAM together with basal diet (control), or basal diet supplemented with SDG (1 g/kg diet), FO (38.5 g/kg diet), or combined SDG and FO. SDG and FO were at levels in 10% flaxseed diet. Palpable tumors were monitored and after animal sacrifice, analyzed for cell proliferation, apoptosis, ER‐mediated (ER‐α, ER‐β, trefoil factor 1, cyclin D1, progesterone receptor, AIBI), growth factor‐mediated (epidermal growth factor receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor‐2, insulin‐like growth factor receptor‐1, phosphorylated mitogen activated protein kinase, PAKT, BCL2) signaling pathways and angiogenesis (vascular endothelial growth factor). All treatments reduced the growth of TAM‐treated tumors by reducing cell proliferation, expression of genes, and proteins involved in the ER‐ and growth factor‐mediated signaling pathways with FO having the greatest effect in increasing apoptosis compared with TAM treatment alone. SDG and FO reduced the growth of TAM‐treated tumors but FO was more effective. The mechanisms involve both the ER‐ and growth factor‐signaling pathways.
Garlic components inhibit angiotensin II‐induced cell‐cycle progression and migration: Involvement of cell‐cycle inhibitor p27Kip1and mitogen‐activated protein kinase
Authors: Castro Claudia , Lorenzo Andrea Gil , González Adriana , Cruzado Montserrat 
Published: November 2009

AbstractGarlic has been used for prevention and treatment of hypertension; however, the molecular mechanisms of garlic's effects remain to be elucidated. In this study, the mechanisms of thein vitroeffect of organosulphur compounds derived from garlic on growth and migration of cultured aortic smooth muscle cells isolated from spontaneously hypertensive rats were investigated. We demonstrated that allyl methyl sulphide (AMS) and diallyl sulphide (DAS) inhibited aortic smooth muscle cell angiotensin II‐stimulated cell‐cycle progression and migration. Neither cell viability nor annexin‐V‐binding analysis revealed cytotoxic effects of both organosulphur compounds at the used concentrations. Instead, their inhibitory effects were associated to the prevention of the cell‐cycle inhibitor p27Kip1(p27) downregulation and the reduction of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation. When we assessed the antioxidant activity of AMS and DAS, we found that both organosulphur compounds inhibited angiotensin II‐reactive oxygen species generation. Our findings show that AMS and DAS, compounds derivate from garlic, could be effective antioxidants targeted at the arterial remodelling seen in hypertension.
Effect of sulforaphane on glutathione‐adduct formation and on glutathione_S_transferase‐dependent detoxification of acrylamide in Caco‐2 cells
Authors: Pernice Rita , Hauder Johanna , Koehler Peter , Vitaglione Paola , Fogliano Vincenzo , Somoza Veronika 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe toxicity of dietary acrylamide (AA) depends on its biotransformation pathways, in which phase I cytochrome P‐450 enzymes transform AA into glycidamide. The phase II enzyme glutathione_S_transferase (GST) catalyses the conjugation of AA with glutathione (GSH). GST induction by phytochemicals like sulforaphane (SFN) plays a role in chemoprevention. Here, the effect of SFN on the detoxification of AA through GSH conjugation was studied in Caco‐2 cells. GSH adducts with AA and SFN were synthesized, identified by NMR and quantified by LC‐MS/MS. Caco‐2 cells were treated with either 2.5 mM AA, 10 μM SFN or the combination of both for 24 h. Concentrations of GSH conjugates (GSH‐AA, GSH‐SFN, SFN‐GSH‐AA), AA and SFN were analysed by LC‐MS/MS. GSH contents and GST activity were determined photometrically. GST activity was increased after treatment of the cells with SFN (38±6%, p≤0.05) or AA (25±4%, p≤0.05). GSH concentrations decreased after all treatments. Quantitative data of GSH adduct formation showed that the reaction between GSH and SFN is favoured over that between GSH and AA. The data suggest that SFN might impair the GSH‐dependent detoxification of AA by SFN‐GSH adduct formation and, thus, lower the GSH concentrations available for its reaction with AA.
Histological validation of ultrasound‐guided neurography in early nerve regeneration
Authors: van Neck Johan W. , de Kool B. Stefan , Hekking‐Weijma J. (Ineke) M. , Walbeehm Erik T. , Visser Gerhard H. , Blok Joleen H. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractUltrasound‐guided near‐nerve neurography is a new tool that can be used to assess nerve regeneration before reinnervation occurs. In this study, ultrasound‐guided near‐nerve measurements were validated against axon diameter counts in rabbits during a 15‐week regeneration period after a crush lesion of their peroneal nerve. The course of the nerve was determined ultrasonically, and the active near‐nerve needle electrode was maneuvered just next to the nerve under ultrasound guidance. Measured action potentials were compared with axon diameter counts from histological sections of these same nerves. A moderate to good positive correlation was found, which reached a maximum of 0.7 at a cut‐off of 3 μm, corresponding to the minimal size of the myelinated axons. Our results suggest that, following a similar validation study in humans, ultrasound‐guided near‐nerve neurography may be clinically useful when early evaluation of nerve activity is needed. Muscle Nerve, 2009
Adaptive change in electrically stimulated muscle: A framework for the design of clinical protocols
Authors: Salmons Stanley 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAdult mammalian skeletal muscles have a remarkable capacity for adapting to increased use. Although this behavior is familiar from the changes brought about by endurance exercise, it is seen to a much greater extent in the response to long‐term neuromuscular stimulation. The associated phenomena include a markedly increased resistance to fatigue, and this is the key to several clinical applications. However, a more rational basis is needed for designing regimes of stimulation that are conducive to an optimal outcome. In this review I examine relevant factors, such as the amount, frequency, and duty cycle of stimulation, the influence of force generation, and the animal model. From these considerations a framework emerges for the design of protocols that yield an overall functional profile appropriate to the application. Three contrasting examples illustrate the issues that need to be addressed clinically. Muscle Nerve, 2009
Für mehr Sicherheit in der Hochschullaufbahn
Authors: Domke Katrin , Hoster Harry , Bessler Wolfgang , Brockhinke Andreas , Grill Leonhard , Jacob Timo , Jung Gregor , Küpper Jochen , Risse Thomas , Zeuch Thomas 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDie Wissenschaftskarriere an einer Hochschule ist einseitig auf das Ziel Professur ausgerichtet. Was aber passiert mit den Wissenschaftlern, die zwar hochqualifiziert sind, aber nicht berufen werden? Deren über fünf oder sechs Jahre aufgebaute Arbeitsgruppe im wissenschaftlichen Nichts endet? Ein Hochschulsystem, das unterschiedliche Berufswege zulässt, könnte verhindern, dass gute und sehr gute Wissenschaftler den Hochschulen verloren gehen. Aus einem Positionspapier.1)
Robust ℋ︁2static output feedback design starting from a parameter‐dependent state feedback controller for time‐invariant discrete‐time polytopic systems
Authors: Moreira Heber R. , Oliveira Ricardo C. L. F. , Peres Pedro L. D. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis paper investigates the problem of computing robust ℋ︁2static output feedback controllers for discrete‐time uncertain linear systems with time‐invariant parameters lying in polytopic domains. A two stages design procedure based on linear matrix inequalities is proposed as the main contribution. First, aparameter‐dependentstate feedback controller is synthesized and the resulting gains are used as an input condition for the second stage, which designs the desiredrobuststatic output feedback controller with an ℋ︁2guaranteed cost. The conditions are based on parameter‐dependent Lyapunov functions and, differently from most of existing approaches, can also cope with uncertainties in the output control matrix. Numerical examples, including a mass–spring system, illustrate the advantages of the proposed procedure when compared with other methods available in the literature. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tropane alkaloid profiling of hydroponic Datura innoxia mill. Plants inoculated with Agrobacterium rhizogenes
Authors: Jousse Cyril , Vu Thi Dao , Le Minh Tran Thi , Al Balkhi Mohamad Houssam , Molinié Roland , Boitel‐Conti Michèle , Pilard Serge , Mathiron David , Hehn Alain , Bourgaud Frédéric , Gontier Eric 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIntroduction – Hydroponics has been shown as a possible way to produce high quality plant biomass with improved phytochemical levels. Nevertheless, effects of plant biotic and abiotic environment can lead to drastic changes and plant growth conditions must be optimised.Objective – To evaluate how much microbes and Agrobacterium rhizogenes TR7 wild strain may affect the tropane alkaloid profile in Datura innoxia Mill. plants cultivated in hydroponic conditions.Methodology – Datura innoxia Mill. plants were cultivated in hydroponic with sterile or non‐sterile conditions. For half of the non‐sterile plants, Agrobacterium rhizogenes TR7 strain was added to the nutrient solution for hydroponics. The tropane alkaloid content of leaves and roots was analysed by UFLC/ESI‐HRMS and MS/MS. The metabolite profiles were compared using partial least square‐discriminant analysis.Results – In sterile conditions, aerial parts contained more scopolamine than the roots. However, the diversity of tropane alkaloids was greater in roots. Furthermore, 21 known compounds and four non‐elucidated tropane alkaloids were found. The tropane alkaloid profile was shown to be statistically different between sterile and non‐sterile hydroponic conditions. The levels of 3‐acetoxy‐6‐hydroxytropane and 3‐hydroxylittorine were higher in plants inoculated with A. rhizogenes. Five other tropane compounds were found in higher amounts in non‐axenic control plants. Hyoscyamine and scopolamine total contents were much higher in the whole plant co‐cultivated with A. rhizogenes TR7 than in controls. Furthermore, the leaves and roots of axenic plants contained more alkaloids than non‐sterile ones.Conclusion – In hydroponic conditions, microbes induced variations of the phytochemical levels. Addition of A. rhizogenes TR7 into the nutrient solutions improved the total hyoscyamine and scopolamine production. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The photographer and the greenhouse: how to analyse plant metabolomics data
Authors: Jansen Jeroen J. , Smit Suzanne , Hoefsloot Huub C.J. , Smilde Age K. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIntroduction – Plant metabolomics experiments yield large amounts of data, too much to be interpretable by eye. Multivariate data analyses are therefore essential to extract and visualise the information of interest.Objective – Because multivariate statistical methods may be remote from the expertise of many scientists working in the metabolomics field, this overview provides a step‐by‐step description of a multivariate data analysis, starting from the experiment and ending with the figures appearing in scientific journals.Methodology – We developed a thought experiment that explores the relationship between the differences in nutrient levels and three plant developmental descriptors through photography of the greenhouse they grow in. Through this, multivariate data analysis, data preprocessing and model validation are illustrated. Finally some of the presented methods are illustrated by the analysis of a plant metabolomics dataset.Conclusion – This paper will familiarise non‐specialised researchers with the main concepts in multivariate data analysis and allow them to develop and evaluate metabolomic data analyses more critically. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pre‐admission clinics in day surgery. The ‘one‐stop shop’: tools and methods for practice improvement and service development
Authors: Gilmartin Jo , Chin Helen , Leonard Pam 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe improvement of services aligned to day surgery is a still prominent topic in government policy debates and an important development area for many NHS trusts. This article attempts to describe the emergence of the ‘one‐stop shop’ approach in surgical outpatients and preoperative assessment clinics. It portrays the ways in which one clinical team moved their ideas forward to develop an integrated, multidisciplinary service, and describes the tools and methods they adopted to cross the borderlands between practice development and service improvement, to enable success. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new generation of cross‐linkers for selective detection by MALDI MS
Authors: Paramelle David , Cantel Sonia , Enjalbal Christine , Amblard Muriel , Forest Eric , Heymann Michaël , Geourjon Christophe , Martinez Jean , Subra Gilles 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe designed a new cross‐linker bearing a CHCA moiety. The use of the CHCA‐tagged cross‐linker JMV 3378 in conjunction with a neutral MALDI matrix α‐cyano‐4‐hydroxycinnamic methyl ester enabled specific signal enhancement in MALDI‐TOF MS of cross‐link containing peptides. Discrimination between modified and non‐modified peptides can be achieved by comparison of two spectra, one using CHCA and the other using the α‐cyano‐4‐hydroxycinnamic methyl ester matrix. The methodology was validated using cytochrome c and apo‐myoglobine as model proteins.
Peptide block copolymers by N‐carboxyanhydride ring‐opening polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization: The effect of amide macroinitiators
Authors: Habraken Gijs J. M. , Koning Cor E. , Heise Andreas 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe synthesis of polypeptide‐containing block copolymers combining N‐carboxyanhydride (NCA) ring‐opening polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) was investigated. An amide initiator comprising an amine function for the NCA polymerization and an activated bromide for ATRP was used. Well‐defined polypeptide macroinitiators were obtained from γ‐benzyl‐L‐glutamate NCA, O‐benzyl‐serine NCA, and N‐benzyloxy‐L‐lysine. Subsequent ATRP macroinitiation from the polypeptides resulted in higher than expected molecular weights. Analysis of the reaction products and model reactions confirmed that this is due to the high frequency of termination reactions by disproportionation in the initial phase of the ATRP, which is inherent in the amide initiator structure. In some cases selective precipitation could be applied to remove unreacted macroinitiator to yield well‐defined block copolymers. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2009
Intercalation of solvent and polymer in galleries of mobile clay platelets by a Monte Carlo simulation
Authors: Pandey R.B. , Farmer B.L. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe intercalation of solvent particles and polymer chains of concentration Cw = 0.2 and Cp = 0.2, respectively, in a layer of (4) clay platelets is studied by a Monte Carlo simulation on a cubic lattice. Polymer chains and platelets are modeled by bond fluctuations. Besides the excluded volume, a set of polymer‐clay (cs) and solvent‐clay (ws) interactions with (i) cs = 1, ws = −2, (ii) cs = −2, ws = 1 and (iii) cs = ws = −2 are considered. The global dynamics of platelets is constrained due to the presence of three components, i.e., solvent, polymer, and platelets, which retain their interstitial spacing with well‐defined galleries. Intercalation of solvent particles and polymer chains (low molecular weight) occurs with their attractive interaction with the platelets, which further reinforces the layered clay morphology. The density profiles of the solvent particles are similar to previous studies with platelets in a mobile solvent. The density profile of polymer chains differs considerably from the platelets in a polymer matrix alone, particularly with its attractive interaction (ii). For the same attractive interaction of solvent and polymer chains with the clay platelets (iii), the solvent particles (the smallest constituents) intercalate the fastest in the clay galleries, whereas the intercalation of polymer chains decreases with their molecular weight. The polymer density profiles, both longitudinal (x) and transverse (y), show maxima peaks around outer platelets (surface) of the layer and decay sharply both in the adjacent galleries and in the bulk. The amplitude of oscillation in the transverse density profiles, a measure of the degree of intercalation, decreases with increasing molecular weight of the polymer. The intercalation of the polymer is driven by its attractive interaction at the low molecular weight, but reduces considerably at high molecular weight because of both entanglement and larger radius of gyration. Variations of the gyration radius of the diffusing polymer chains with molecular weight and interaction with the clay are consistent with the results of their corresponding density profiles. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 2487–2500, 2009
Effect of crosslink density on the pressure relaxation response of polycyanurate networks
Authors: Guo Jiaxi , Simon Sindee L. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe effect of crosslink density on the pressure‐volume‐temperature (PVT) behavior and on the pressure relaxation response for two polycyanurate networks is investigated using a custom‐built pressurizable dilatometer. Isobaric cooling measurements were made to obtain the pressure‐dependent glass transition temperature (Tg). The pressure relaxation studies were carried out as a function of time after volume jumps at temperatures in the vicinity of the pressure‐dependent Tg, and the pressure relaxation curves obtained were shifted to construct master curves by time‐temperature superposition. The reduced pressure relaxation curves are found to be identical in shape and placement, independent of crosslink density, when Tg is used as the reference temperature. The horizontal shift factors used to create the master curves are plotted as a function of the temperature departure from Tg (T − Tg), and they agree well with their counterparts obtained from the shear response. Moreover, the retardation spectra are derived from bulk compliance and compared to those from the shear. The results, similar to our previous work on polystyrene, indicate that at short times, the bulk and shear responses have similar underlying molecular mechanisms; however, the long‐time mechanisms available to the shear response, which increase with decreasing crosslink density, are unavailable to the bulk response. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 2477–2486, 2009
Electrospinning of poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate)/clay nanocomposite fibers
Authors: Liu Ying , Li Chunhua , Chen Shuang , Wachtel Ellen , Koga Tadanori , Sokolov Jonathan C. , Rafailovich Miriam. H. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPoly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate)/clay nanocomposite fibers were fabricated using electrospinning. The fiber diameters were controlled by varying the polymer/chloroform concentration, which resulted in fibers with diameters ranging from 1 to 15 μm. The clay concentration was varied from 0.35 to 6.6 wt %. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the fiber diameter increased with increasing clay concentration, whereas beading decreased. Transmission electron microscopy revealed a disruption of the spherulite structures by clay, which is consistent with heterogeneous nucleation. Shear modulus force microscopy indicated a reduction in melting point (Tm) with decreasing diameter for fibers thinner than 15 μm, which was confirmed by temperature dependent X‐ray diffraction data. For fibers thinner than 8 μm, the presence of clay further enhanced the reduction of Tm. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 2501–2508, 2009