bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the clinical efficacy and safety of pregabalin alone or combined with tolterodine in female subjects with idiopathic overactive bladder
Authors: Marencak Josef , Cossons Nandini H. , Darekar Amanda , Mills Ian W. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAimsTo assess the efficacy and safety of pregabalin alone or in combination with tolterodine extended release (ER) in subjects with idiopathic OAB.MethodsThis 26‐week, multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, three‐period crossover study enrolled women aged ≥18 years that were diagnosed with OAB and reported ≥8 micturitions/24 hr and ≥4 urgency episodes/week on 5‐day bladder diary at baseline. Subjects were randomized to 1 of 10 treatment sequences and received three of five treatments, each for 4 weeks with 4‐week washout periods: standard‐dose pregabalin/tolterodine ER (150 mg twice daily [BID]/4 mg once daily [QD], n = 102), pregabalin alone (150 mg BID, n = 105), tolterodine ER alone (4 mg QD, n = 104), low‐dose pregabalin/tolterodine ER (75 mg BID/2 mg QD, n = 105), and placebo (n = 103). Subjects completed 5‐day diaries at the end of treatment and washout periods. The primary endpoint was change from baseline to week 4 in mean voided volume (MVV) per micturition. The primary comparison was standard‐dose pregabalin/tolterodine ER versus tolterodine ER alone; secondary comparisons were pregabalin alone versus tolterodine ER alone and versus placebo.ResultsBaseline‐adjusted changes in MVV were significantly greater after treatment with standard‐dose pregabalin/tolterodine ER (39.5 ml) versus tolterodine ER alone (15.5 ml; P < 0.0001), and with pregabalin alone (27.4 ml) versus tolterodine ER alone (P = 0.005) and placebo (11.9 ml; P = 0.0006). Treatments were generally well tolerated; discontinuation rates due to adverse events were 4%, 2%, 5%, 0%, and 1% with standard‐ and low‐dose pregabalin/tolterodine ER, pregabalin, tolterodine ER, and placebo, respectively.ConclusionsPregabalin, alone or with tolterodine ER may offer an alternative treatment option for idiopathic OAB in women. Neurourol. Urodynam. 30:75–82, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Improved sub‐cellular resolution via simultaneous analysis of organelle proteomics data across varied experimental conditions
Authors: Trotter Matthew W. B. , Sadowski Pawel G. , Dunkley Tom P. J. , Groen Arnoud J. , Lilley Kathryn S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSpatial organisation of proteins according to their function plays an important role in the specificity of their molecular interactions. Emerging proteomics methods seek to assign proteins to sub‐cellular locations by partial separation of organelles and computational analysis of protein abundance distributions among partially separated fractions. Such methods permit simultaneous analysis of unpurified organelles and promise proteome‐wide localisation in scenarios wherein perturbation may prompt dynamic re‐distribution. Resolving organelles that display similar behavior during a protocol designed to provide partial enrichment represents a possible shortcoming. We employ the Localisation of Organelle Proteins by Isotope Tagging (LOPIT) organelle proteomics platform to demonstrate that combining information from distinct separations of the same material can improve organelle resolution and assignment of proteins to sub‐cellular locations. Two previously published experiments, whose distinct gradients are alone unable to fully resolve six known protein–organelle groupings, are subjected to a rigorous analysis to assess protein–organelle association via a contemporary pattern recognition algorithm. Upon straightforward combination of single‐gradient data, we observe significant improvement in protein–organelle association via both a non‐linear support vector machine algorithm and partial least‐squares discriminant analysis. The outcome yields suggestions for further improvements to present organelle proteomics platforms, and a robust analytical methodology via which to associate proteins with sub‐cellular organelles.
Stability of Non‐isothermally Treated Double‐Base Propellants Containing Different Stabilizers in Comparison with Molecular Orbital Calculations
Authors: Zayed Mohamed A. , Hassan Mohamed A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn this research work some malonanilide derivatives (M1‐M5) have been prepared and used as stabilizers for double‐base propellants (DBPs). Their stabilization effect has been compared with the effect of N,N‐diethyldiphenylurea (C1) as a classical stabilizer. Thermal analysis (TA) study under non‐isothermal conditions was carried out on propellant samples containing stabilizers. This study gave information about the thermal stability effect of different stabilizers on DBPs, thermal decomposition and some thermodynamic parameters. The non‐isothermal (TGA and DSC) results show that the o‐dinitromalonanilide (M3) has the highest thermal stability effect on the propellant samples. The molecular orbital calculations such as energy gap (ΔE), net charge, ELUMO, EHOMO, IP, and Ea were done and compared with TA experimental data. It was finally concluded that there is no single factor controlling the stabilizing effect of different stabilizers on thermal stability of DBPs. There is a group of factors that play important role in detecting the stabilizing effect of stabilizers on DBPs such as energy gap, charge density on the o‐position of the benzene ring and the net charge on the benzene ring itself.
Characterization of Three Types of Semtex (H, 1A, and 10)
Authors: Moore Stephanie , Schantz Michele , MacCrehan William 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSolid phase microextraction and solvent extraction were used with GC/MS to determine the vapor and compositional profile of three samples of Semtex (1A, H, and 10). Semtex is reported to contain PETN and/or RDX, along with plasticizers, binding materials, and fuel oil components. In an effort to differentiate and compare these three variations of Semtex, this report summarizes the headspace and solvent extraction results for each material. Components that can be used to differentiate varieties of Semtex were identified and all three Semtex profiles were distinguished.
miR‐125b promotes growth of prostate cancer xenograft tumor through targeting pro‐apoptotic genes
Authors: Shi Xu‐Bao , Xue Lingru , Ma Ai‐Hong , Tepper Clifford G. , Kung Hsing‐Jien , White Ralph W. deVere 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDIncreasing evidence demonstrates that aberrantly regulated microRNAs (miRNAs) contribute to the initiation and progression of human cancer. We previously have demonstrated that miR‐125b stimulated the growth of prostate cancer (CaP) cells. In this study, we further determined the influence of miR‐125b on the pathogenesis of CaP.METHODSTo evaluate the effect of miR‐125b on xenograft tumor growth, male athymic mice were subcutaneously injected with PC‐346C‐miR‐125b cells that stably overexpressed miR‐125b. Potential direct target transcripts of miR‐125b were identified using a bioinformatics approach and three miR‐125b targeted molecules were confirmed by means of biochemical analyses.RESULTSEnforced expression of miR‐125b promoted tumor growth in both intact and castrated male nude mice. In an effort to define the molecular mechanism(s) mediating its tumor growth properties, we found that miR‐125b directly targets eight transcripts, including three key pro‐apoptotic genes: p53, Puma, and Bak1. Increasing the abundance of miR‐125b resulted in a dramatic decrease in the levels of these three proteins in CaP cells. A direct repressive effect on each of these was supported by the ability of miR‐125b to significantly reduce the activity of luciferase reporters containing their 3′‐untranslated regions of each gene encompassing the miR‐125b‐binding sites. Additionally, we found that repression of miR‐125b activity was able to sensitize CaP cells to different therapeutic interventions.CONCLUSIONData obtained in this study demonstrate that miR‐125b promotes growth of prostatic xenograft tumors by down‐regulating three key pro‐apoptotic genes. This suggests that miR‐125b is oncogenic and makes it an attractive therapeutic target in CaP. Prostate 77:538–549, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
First principles study of CO adsorption–CO2 desorption mechanisms on oxidized doped‐gold cationic clusters MAun O (M = Ti, Fe; n = 1,4–7; m = 1–2)
Authors: Fernández Eva M. , Torres Maria B. , Balbás Luis C. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA first principles study of the formation and desorption of CO2 on oxidized doped‐gold complexes MAun O is presented for n = 1,4–7, m = 1–2, and M = Ti, Fe. We start with the ground state geometry of MAun O complexes obtained in a previous work. After the adsorption of a first CO molecule on MAun O, two intermediate complexes with small energy difference are preferably formed, one of them with a preformed CO3 carbonate and the other one with a preformed CO2. The former is more bound than the later only for n = 6–7, and for FeAu4 O. Two mechanism for the desorption of CO2 are studied. In the first one, here called sequential mechanism, we choose the intermediate O‐MAu‐CO2 complex with a preformed CO2 as the preferential to desorb a CO2 molecule leaving the MAun O+ cluster. A second CO molecule is then adsorbed on that residual aggregate forming, among other equilibrium compositions, a MAu‐CO2 complex from which a CO2 molecule can be desorbed to yield the deoxidized MAu bimetallic cluster. In the second CO2 desorption mechanism, called here simultaneous mechanism, we consider the adsorption of a second CO on each one of MAu‐CO3 and O‐MAu‐CO2 intermediate complexes resulting from the first CO adsorption. Three types of new intermediate complexes are preferably formed: (a) MAu‐CO‐CO3 with preformed CO3 and CO radicals; (b) MAu‐C2 O4 with a preformed C2 O4 oxalate; (c) MAu‐CO2‐CO2 with two preformed CO2 molecules bonded on the M impurity. We calculate the simultaneous desorption of two CO2 molecules from the intermediate complex of case (c) leaving the deoxidized MAu cluster in the ground state, except for a few cases where FeAu structural deformation occurs following the optimization of intermediate complexes. The effects of cluster size and transition metal impurity on the CO adsorption and CO2 desorption energies are discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
The role of self‐questioning: Problem solving in a security organization
Authors: Ng Koa Heng , Lee Chwee Beng , Teo Timothy 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSelf‐questioning plays an important role in problem solving. In this study, we examined the effects of self‐questioning techniques on problem solving and metacognition for ill‐structured workplace problems including counter‐terrorism, which is unconventional. The independent variable was the strategy training in self‐questioning techniques, structuring around the IDEAL model as a cognitive heuristics adaptation to resolve novel situations. The dependent variable metacognition was made up of two constructs i.e. knowledge about cognition and regulation of cognition. These were measured by using the Metacognitive Awareness Inventory (MAI) while overall problem solving performance was determined by assessing the participants' reasoning and the resulting consequences of their decision (outcome performance) in the pre‐ and post‐tests. Our results revealed that the intervention had significant positive effects on the novices' reasoning performance, outcome performance and overall problem solving performance. In addition, the level of correlation between reasoning performance and outcome performance was significantly positive. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Importance of Modeling in Estimation of Properties of Refining Slags
Authors: Matsumiya T. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractStructures and various properties of refining slags can be estimated by the use of classical molecular dynamics simulation. The appropriateness of the estimation depends on the interatomic potentials used in the simulation. If modeling of the interatomic potentials is sound, the parameter values in the potential functions become equivalent to physical property values and their evaluation based on fitting of calculated properties with the measured values becomes equivalent to the measurement of the “physical properties”. This situation is also applicable to thermodynamic modeling. Once the parameter values, i.e. the “physical properties”, are evaluated by the use of some measurements or ab initio calculations, the simulation by the use of the model and the model itself have the ability of estimating a wide range of properties of refining slags. In this scope, a molecular dynamics approach of molten CaO‐SiO2, an evaluation method of energy parameter values in the Cell Model as a slag thermodynamic model by the use of NMR measurements are discussed. Estimation of viscosity and relative molar volume of slags by the use of thermodynamic properties is also mentioned.
An Analysis of Recirculatory Flow in Gas‐Stirred Ladles
Authors: Krishnapisharody K. , Irons G.A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe paper is concerned with the fluid mechanics characterizing the bulk flow region in a gas‐stirred ladle. A theoretical framework, previously derived for the analysis of the gas‐liquid plume region, is extended to include the bulk flow phenomena. In this study, the liquid recirculation and mixing have been quantified in terms of simple dimensionless parameters related to the ladle geometry and gas flow rate. A new correlation for mixing time, consistent with the proper form of the Froude similitude criterion, is presented. The work has implications for the fundamental as well as applied aspects of ladle processing.
Mass Exchange at the Metal‐Mould Flux Interface
Authors: Scheller P.R. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMass exchange between liquid steel and the mould flux leads to the oxidation of some elements in the steel and the reduction of slag components. In the continuous casting process, where metal initially solidifies at the metal‐slag interface, reaction products generated there can be cached by the growing solidification front. The disruptions of the interface promote the entrapment of flux particles additionally. They can cause surface defects with quality damages of the cast products as a consequence. These investigations are focused on the contact area between liquid mould flux and metal. The samples were taken from the mould during the continuous casting process.The results show that layers up to approximately 300 nm from the slag/metal interface represent a specific reaction space. The transport of oxygen near the interface and the charge transfer is explained on the basis of the ionic character of the slag. Sodium in this layer on the slag side plays a special role in the oxygen transport besides of the iron ions. The mass transfer rate of oxygen crossing the interface is calculated from measured data and conclusions concerning the stability of the interfacial tension are made.
On Physico‐Chemical and Technical Limits in Clean Steel Production
Authors: Holappa L. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractGreat progresses in steel cleanliness have been attained during the last decades. In the measures of oxygen the lowest levels are approaching 5 ppm in Otot i.e. close to the thermodynamic limit of Al deoxidation. As the thermodynamics of the reaction system is firmly anchored to the steel chemistry and thus to the properties of steel and the final product, it is useful to examine the thermodynamic constraints for selected steels in the refining and casting processes. In most steels Al‐O equilibrium determines the limit of deoxidation. Calculations by applying thermodynamic software showed that in selected “common” steels the equilibrium oxygen content varied from below 5 ppm up to 30 ppm or higher depending on the aluminium content, interaction effect of other alloying elements and temperature.For lower oxygen content there are several possibilities. The first one is to use stronger deoxidizing additions like Ca, Zr, Ce etc. However, they can be problematic as substitutes as they produce inclusions which influence steel properties. The second way is to intensify the deoxidizing power of certain elements e.g. Si by bringing the steel in intimate contact with a proper slag with low SiO2 activity in ladle treatment with violent stirring. In the calculation example it was possible to decrease oxygen content from 30 ppm to the level below 10 ppm in C/Mn/Si steel at very low Al level. The third potential but unused process is vacuum deoxidation especially for medium and high carbon steels. Equilibrium oxygen contents below 1 ppm are thermodynamically easily attainable. But in practice the vacuum treatment should be designed to intensify the carbon‐oxygen reaction on the top surface of the stirred steel liquid. Also the eventual reactions with refractory materials should be suppressed.
Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) inhibits murine WEHI‐3 leukemia in BALB/c mice in vivo
Authors: Lai Tung‐Yuan , Lin Jen‐Jyh , Huang Wen‐Wen , Kuo Shu‐Chu , Wen Yen‐Fang , Lai I‐Cheng , Lin Chin‐Chung , Yang Jai‐Sing , Chung Jing‐Gung 
Published: September 2010

AbstractArsenic trioxide (As2O3) is used clinically to treat acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and has activity in vitro for induction of apoptosis in several solid tumor cell lines. To investigate the potential therapeutic application of As2O3 for leukemia, we analyzed the effects of As2O3 on the WEHI‐3 cells‐induced orthotopic leukemia animal model in vivo in this study. We established the WEHI‐3 cells leukemia mice through the injection of murine WEHI‐3 cells into BALB/c mice, and they were then treated with As2O3 (0.9 and 4.5 mg kg−1; p.o.) and/or combined with all‐trans‐retinoic acid (ATRA), (30 mg kg−1; i.p.). The results indicated that (1) As2O3 alone or As2O3 combined with ATRA promoted the total survival rate of leukemia mice and these effects are dose‐dependent; (2) As2O3 did not affect the body weight but decreased the spleen weight; however, it did not affect liver weight; (3) As2O3 alone or As2O3 combined with ATRA increased the levels of CD3 and CD19, indicating that the differentiation of T and B cells were promoted; and (4) As2O3 alone or As2O3 combined with ATRA did not change the levels of Mac‐3 and CD11b markers, indicating that the differentiation of the precursor of macrophage were not inhibited. Based on these observations, As2O3 alone or As2O3 combined with ATRA have efficacious antileukemia activity in WEHI‐3 cells leukemia in vivo. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2012.
Bovine Adipose Triglyceride Lipase is Not Altered and Adipocyte Fatty Acid‐Binding Protein is Increased by Dietary Flaxseed
Authors: Deiuliis Jeffrey , Shin Jonghyun , Murphy Eric , Kronberg Scott L. , Eastridge Maurice L. , Suh Yeunsu , Yoon Jong‐Taek , Lee Kichoon 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we report the full‐length coding sequence of bovine ATGL cDNA and analyze its expression in bovine tissues. Similar to human, mouse, and pig ATGL sequences, bovine ATGL has a highly conserved patatin domain that is necessary for lipolytic function in mice and humans. This suggests that ATGL is functionally intact as a triglyceride lipase in cattle. Tissue distribution of ATGL gene expression was highest in fat and muscle (skeletal and cardiac) tissue, while protein expression was solely detectible in the adipose tissue. The effect of 109 days of flaxseed supplementation on ATGL and adipocyte fatty acid‐binding protein (FABP4 or A‐FABP, E‐FABP or FABP5) expression was examined in Angus steers. Supplemented steers had greater triacylglycerol (TAG) content in the muscle compared with unsupplemented ones. Additionally, supplementation increased A‐FABP expression and decreased stearoyl‐CoA desaturase 1 (SCD‐1) expression in muscle, while total ATGL expression was unaffected. In summary, supplementation of cattle rations with flaxseed increased muscle TAG concentrations attributed in part to increased expression of key enzymes involved in lipid trafficking (A‐FABP) and metabolism (SCD‐1).
Developmental history of the subplate zone, subplate neurons and interstitial white matter neurons: relevance for schizophrenia
Authors: Kostović Ivica , Judaš Miloš , Sedmak Goran 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe subplate zone is a transient cytoarchitectonic compartment of the fetal telencephalic wall and contains a population of subplate neurons which are the main neurons of the fetal neocortex and play a key role in normal development of cerebral cortical structure and connectivity. While the subplate zone disappears during the perinatal and early postnatal period, numerous subplate neurons survive and remain embedded in the superficial (gyral) white matter of adolescent and adult brain as so‐called interstitial neurons. In both fetal and adult brain, subplate/interstitial neurons belong to two major classes of cortical cells: (a) projection (glutamatergic) neurons and (b) local circuit (GABAergic) interneurons. As interstitial neurons remain strategically positioned at the cortical/white matter interface through which various cortical afferent systems enter the deep cortical layers, they probably serve as auxiliary interneurons involved in differential “gating” of cortical input systems.It is widely accepted that prenatal lesions which alter the number of surviving subplate neurons (i.e., the number of interstitial neurons) and/or the nature of their involvement in cortical circuitry represent an important causal factor in pathogenesis of at least some types of schizophrenia – e.g., in the subgroup of patients with cognitive impairment and deficits of frontal lobe functions. The abnormal functioning of cortical circuitry in schizophrenia becomes manifest during the adolescence, when there is an increased demand for proper functioning of the prefrontal cortex.In this review, we describe developmental history of subplate zone, subplate neurons and surviving interstitial neurons, as well as presumed consequences of the increased number of GABAergic interstitial neurons in the prefrontal cortex. We propose that the increased number of GABAergic interstitial neurons leads to the increased inhibition of prefrontal cortical neurons. This inhibitory action of GABAergic interstitial neurons is facilitated by their strategic position at the cortical/white matter interface where limbic and modulatory afferent pathways enter the prefrontal cortex. Thus, enlarged population of inhibitory interstitial neurons (even if they represent a minor fraction of total neuron number, as in the cerebral cortex itself) may alter the differential “gating” of limbic and modulatory inputs (as well as other cortical and subcortical inputs) and cause a functional disconnectivity between the prefrontal and limbic cortex in the adolescent brain. In conclusion, fetal subplate neurons and surviving postnatal interstitial neurons are important modulators of cortical functions in both normal and schizophrenic cerebral cortex.