bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pattern classification of ShearWaveTM Elastography images for differential diagnosis between benign and malignant solid breast masses
Authors: Tozaki Mitsuhiro , Fukuma Eisuke 
Published: October 2011

Background ShearWaveTM Elastography (SWE) provides a quantitative measurement of tissue stiffness and may improve characterization of breast masses. However, the significance of Young's modulus measurements and appropriate SWE evaluation criteria has not been established yet. Purpose To assess the usefulness of the pattern classification and Young's modulus measurements in the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant solid breast masses. Material and Methods Ninety-six patients (age range 18–84 years, mean 54 years) with 100 solid breast masses who underwent tissue sampling after a US examination were analyzed. We tried to create a visual pattern classification based on the SWE images. After classifying the visual patterns, the Young's modulus of the lesions was measured in every case. Results It was possible to classify the images into four patterns by the visual evaluation: no findings (coded blue homogeneously; Pattern 1), vertical stripe pattern artifacts (Pattern 2), a localized colored area at the margin of the lesion (Pattern 3), and heterogeneously colored areas in the interior of the lesion (Pattern 4). There were 17 Pattern 1 lesions, 14 Pattern 2 lesions, 20 Pattern 3 lesions, and 49 Pattern 4 lesions. When Patterns 1 and 2 were assumed to be benign, and Patterns 3 and 4 were assumed to be malignant, the sensitivity and specificity were 91.3% (63/69) and 80.6% (25/31), respectively. The mean Young's modulus measurements of the benign and the malignant lesions were 42 kPa and 146 kPa, respectively ( P < 0.0001). No significant differences were found between benign and malignant lesions in Pattern 3. In Pattern 4, however, the Young's modulus of the benign lesions (50 kPa) was lower than the smallest Young's modulus of malignant lesions (61 kPa). Conclusion The visual pattern classification and adding Young's modulus measurements may improve characterization of solid breast masses.
Ultrasound-assisted rapid synthesis of β-aminoketones with direct-type catalytic Mannich reaction using bismuth(III) triflate in aqueous media at room temperature
Authors: Ozturkcan S. , Turhan Kadir , Turgut Zuhal 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAn innovative, powerful, efficient and relatively rapid method was developed to synthesise various β-aminoketone derivatives from cyclohexanone, substituted aromatic amines and aromatic or hetero-aromatic aldehydes via ultrasound-assisted direct-type catalytic Mannich reaction using bismuth(III) triflate in water. Good yields of the desired β-aminoketones were obtained at room temperature by ultrasound-assisted reaction within 1–2 h. The major advantages of the proposed method are undemanding conditions, easy operation, low toxicity, shorter reaction time, anti selectivity and higher yields in comparison with conventional methods.
On the Intention to Use an Online Learning Platform Feature
Authors: Loquineau Olivier , Caplan Aurélien , Toumazeau Karine , Zanetto Christophe , Billiot Marine , Goethals Frank 
Published: October 2011

On the Intention to Use an Online Learning Platform FeatureOur research project gives more insight into antecedents of students' intention to use features of an online learning platform. This paper introduces the study year in the UTAUT (Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology) model. We also include three constructs that are mentioned in literature on student satisfaction with classic (offline) classes. Statistical tests show that new constructs are statistically significant antecedents of the intent of students to use the new feature. Two new constructs seem as important as the most important UTAUT variablesperformance expectancyandeffort expectancy. The R2of our model is significantly higher than the R2that is achieved when the classic UTAUT is applied to our dataset.
The Bioindicative Role of Enzyme Polymorphism of Seven Enzyme Systems as Reaction on High Cadmium Ions Concentration in Maize (Zea Mays L.)
Authors: Múdry Pavol , Obert Bohuš 
Published: October 2011

The Bioindicative Role of Enzyme Polymorphism of Seven Enzyme Systems as Reaction on High Cadmium Ions Concentration in Maize (Zea MaysL.)Effect of different concentrations of cadmium ions (0, 15, 60, 240 and 960 μmol dm-3in full Hoagland solutions) on enzyme polymorphism of seven enzymes - acid phosphatase (ACP), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD), phosphoglucoisomerase (PGI) and phosphoglucomutase (PGM) and their fifteen polymorphic loci - in coleoptiles, leaf blades and in the central parts of primary root systems of 14 days old seedlings in two self-pollinated maize lines and their single-cross was studied. Analyses of enzyme polymorphism showed that the biological material was homogeneous, self-pollinated lines had homozygous constitution in each analysed locus and hybrid had three loci (Acp1: 2/4, Idh2: 4/6andPgd1: 2/3.8) with heterozygous constitution. Ions of cadmium negatively influenced seedling growth and development, high cadmium concentration (960 μmol dm-3) was toxic and stopped further growth and development of maize seedlings after five days of cultivation. Enzyme fingerprint analysis of these fifteen polymorphic loci from selected enzymes supported their genotypic, organ and ontogenetic stability under high doses of cadmium ions. According to our results this group of enzymes in these polymorphic loci did not express changes in polymorphism after treatment with cadmium ions and thus cannot play the bioindicative role in this respect.
The effect of thermal treatment on the structural properties of copper-containing sol-gel silica nanocomposites
Authors: Tohidi Seyed H. , Grigoryan Garnik L. , Novinrooz Abdol J. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
One distinct concentration of copper was embedded into a silica matrix to form xerogel using the copper source Cu(NO3)2 · 3H2O. The xerogel samples were prepared by hydrolysis and condensation of tetraethyl orthosilicate by the sol-gel method. In this investigation, the new molar ratio of H2O/TEOS (tetraethyl orthosilicate) was determined as 11.7. Also, the necessary amount of trihydrated copper nitrate was added to the solution in such a manner that the concentration of copper oxide in the final solution reached to 10 wt.%. After ambient drying, the xerogel samples were heated from 60 to 1 000 °C at a slow heating rate (323 K h– 1). Their structural properties were characterized by thermal gravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, surface analysis and thermal-program reduction methods at different temperatures.
Knudsen effusion mass spectrometric studies of the B2 phase in the Al – Co system
Authors: Subramaniam Tiruppatur , Narasimhan Lakshmi , Kath Dieter , Hilpert Klaus , Markus Torsten 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe vaporisation of Al – Co alloys has been investigated in the temperature range of 1 201 to 1 552 K using Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry. Nine different compositions have been examined in the composition rangex(Co) = 0.62 to 0.47. Al(g) and Co(g) were the vapour species observed over all the alloy samples exceptingx(Co) = 0.47 over which only Al(g) could be identified. Partial pressure – temperature relations and thermodynamic activities of Co and Al were derived. The enthalpies and Gibbs free energies of formation of Al0.5Co0.5(s) at 298.15 K were obtained as ΔfHom=− 54.9 ± 4.8 kJ mol−1and ΔfGom=− 51.4 ± 1.4 kJ mol−1. This is the first time activities of Co have been determined experimentally across the B2-AlCo(s) single phase region.
Lightness of Induced Maps and Homeomorphisms
Authors: Camargo Javier 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAn example is given of a map f defined between arcwise connected continua such that C(f) is light and 2f is not light, giving a negative answer to a question of Charatonik and Charatonik. Furthermore, given a positive integer n, we study when the lightness of the induced map 2f or Cn(f) implies that f is a homeomorphism. Finally, we show a result in relation with the lightness of C(C(f)).
UAV‐derived greenness and within‐crown spatial patterning can detect ash dieback in individual trees
Authors: Flynn W. R. M. , Grieve S. W. D. , Henshaw A. J. , Owen H. J. F. , Buggs R. J. A. , Metheringham C. L. , Plumb W. J. , Stocks J. J. , Lines E. R. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Ash Dieback (ADB) has been present in the UK since 2012 and is expected to kill up to 80% of UK ash trees. Detecting and quantifying the extent of ADB in individual tree crowns (ITCs), which is crucial to understanding resilience and resistance, currently relies on visual assessments which are impractical over large scales or at high frequency. The improved imaging capabilities and declining cost of consumer UAVs, together with new remote sensing methods such as structure from motion photogrammetry (SfM) offers potential to quantify the fine‐scale structural and spectral metrics of ITCs that are indicative of ADB, rapidly, and at low‐cost.

We extract high‐resolution 3D RGB point clouds derived from SfM of canopy ash trees taken monthly throughout the growing season at Marden Park, Surrey, UK, a woodland impacted by ADB. We segment ITCs, extract green chromatic coordinate (gcc), and test the relationship with visual assessments of crown health. Next, we quantify spatial patterning of dieback within ITCs by testing the relationship between internal variation of gcc and path length, a measure of the distance from foliage to trunk, for small clusters of foliage.

We find gcc correlates with visual assessments of crown health throughout the growing season, but the strongest relationships are in measurements taken after peak greenness, when the effects of ADB on foliage are likely to be most prevalent. We also find a negative relationship between gcc and path length in infected trees, indicating foliage loss is more severe at crown extremities.

We demonstrate a new method for identifying ADB at scale using a consumer‐grade 3D RGB UAV system and suggest this approach could be adopted for widespread rapid monitoring. We recommend the optimum time of year for data acquisition, which we find to be an important factor for detecting ADB. Although here applied to ADB, this framework is applicable to a multitude of drivers of crown dieback, presenting a method for identifying spectral‐structural relationships which may be characteristic of disturbance type.
Insulating Half‐Heusler TmPdSb with Unusual Band Order and Metallic Surface States
Authors: Dan Shovan , Ptok Andrzej , Pavlosiuk Orest , Singh Karan , Wiśniewski Piotr , Kaczorowski Dariusz 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTheoretical and experimental results exploring a half‐Heusler compound TmPdSb with unusual band order and metallic surface states are presented. Typically, the half‐Heusler systems exhibit topological features in a semimetallic state, and trivial ones in an insulating state. Topological properties of the most of half‐Heusler systems are related to the band inversion around the Fermi level, similar to this observed in CdTe/HgTe systems. In the case of TmPdSb, the gapped electronic band structure with “band inversion” in the conductance band is observed, while the slab‐like system realized metallic surface states. The bulk insulating nature of the compound is corroborated by means of electrical transport measurements. The experimental data reveal several features due to the presence of metallic surface states, such as linear magnetoresistance and weak‐antilocalization effect, characterized by enhanced coherence length and a very large number of surface conductive channels. The findings reveal new features of the rare‐earth bearing half‐Heusler.
A Novel Approach for Tumor‐Released Methylated DNA Detection Using Molecularly Imprinted Polymers
Authors: Khawar Muhammad Babar , Afzal Ali , Ali Muhammad Mujahid , Sun Haibo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe convergence of tumor epigenetics and molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) holds promise in early cancer diagnostics. To the best of knowledge, none of the studies has achieved DNA methylation detection yet using MIPs and the proposed research will pioneer the application of MIPs for detecting DNA methylation, introducing a novel approach to enhance early diagnostic precision.
Antifouling Polyvinylidene Fluoride Membrane through Dopamine Self‐Polymerization Enhanced Surface Segregation toward Oil‐In‐Water Emulsions Separation
Authors: Li Zongmei , Liu Yanan , Wei Xiaocui , Zhang Zhao , Zhao Fu , Wang Tingyuan , Du Yigui , Shi Enshen , Fan Chunyang , Yang Yuhan , Jiang Zhongyi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSurface segregation method, as an in situ method for simultaneous modification of membrane external surfaces and inner pore surfaces, has been more commonly employed to fabricate antifouling membranes. In this study, dopamine (DA) with self‐polymerization and bio‐adhesion ability is chosen as a surface segregation agent to fabricate antifouling polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane for oil‐in‐water emulsions separation through synergistically regulating phase inversion, self‐polymerization of DA, and surface segregation of poly‐dopamine (PDA). During the phase inversion process, DA contacts with an alkaline coagulation bath to trigger self‐polymerization of DA, then the surface segregation of PDA proceeds spontaneously. The addition and self‐polymerization of DA can regulate the phase inversion process to acquire membranes with high porosity, as a result, the water permeance is increased from 134 to 538 L m−2 h−1 bar−1 with the oil rejection higher than 99.8%. Because the hydrophilic PDA layer on membrane and pore surfaces leads to a robust hydration layer, the membrane exhibits super‐oleophobicity underwater and excellent antifouling properties with water recovery ratio of more than 99.4%. This study may open a new route to preparing antifouling membranes by using small molecules as surface segregation agents.
Tailored Fabrics with Biomimetic Janus Spectral Responsiveness for All‐Weather Switchable Thermoregulation
Authors: Guo Hongyu , Li Chenchen , Yu Jianyong , Wang Xueli , Si Yang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn the face of global climate change, adapting to intensive temperature variation and maintaining stable body temperature in outdoor settings are crucial for keeping personal health and boosting labor productivity. Developing zero‐energy fabrics with switchable thermoregulation provides a feasible strategy for responding to this climate circumstance. However, integrating switchable thermoregulation into fabrics without compromising their structural integrity, comfortability, and fabrication scalability remains challenging. Here, inspired by the Bokermannohyla alvarengai, which adapts its skin color in Janus mode to different sunlight and temperature conditions by varying its pigment cells, the fabrics with Janus spectral responsiveness are designed. The radiative cooling micro‐fibers and photothermal micro‐fibers are assembled into tailored textures, constructing the single‐layer fabrics coupled with distinct thermoregulation functions on each side. The resulting Janus spectral responsiveness fabrics present a solar reflectivity of 83.9% in cooling mode and a solar absorptivity of 84.3% in heating mode, while the robust interlaced coil configuration of the fabrics not only maintains the rich porous structures but also enhances the structural integrity of the fabrics. Advancing single‐layer, dual‐mode fabrics may provide a promising pathway for all‐weather switchable personal thermoregulation, potentially optimizing the market for personal thermal management.
Tumor‐Associated Myeloid Cells Selective Delivery of a Therapeutic Tumor Nano‐Vaccine for Overcoming Immune Barriers for Effective and Long‐Term Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Wang Chufan , Zhao Jinglian , Duan Yufei , Lin Liping , Zhang Qiang , Zheng Haiping , Shan Wenjun , Wang Xiumin , Ren Lei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTherapeutic cancer vaccines have the potential to induce regression of established tumors, eradicate microscopic residual lesions, and prevent metastasis and recurrence, but their efficacy is limited by the low antigenicity of soluble antigens and the immunosuppressive tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) that promote tumor growth. In this study, a novel strategy is reported for overcoming these defenses: a dual‐targeting nano‐vaccine (NV) based on hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) derived virus‐like particles (VLPs), N‐M2T‐gp100 HBc NV, equipped with both SIGNR+ dendritic cells (DCs)/TAMs‐targeting ability and high‐density display of tumor‐associated antigen (TAA). N‐M2T‐gp100 HBc NVs‐based immunotherapy has demonstrated an optimal interaction between tumor‐associated antigens (TAAs) and the immune composition of the tumor microenvironment. In a melanoma model, N‐M2T‐gp100 HBc VLPs significantly reducing in situ and abscopal tumor growth, and provide long‐term immune protection. This remarkable anti‐tumor effect is achieved by efficiently boosting of T cells and repolarizing of M2‐like TAMs. This work opens exciting avenues for the development of personalized tumor vaccines targeting not just melanoma but potentially a broad range of cancer types based on functionalized VLPs.
Intrinsic Grain Boundary Structure and Enhanced Defect States in Air‐Sensitive Polycrystalline 1T’‐WTe2 Monolayer
Authors: Guo Zenglong , Han Mengjiao , Zeng Shengfeng , Yin Zhouyi , Tan Junyang , Niu Kangdi , Zhao Erding , Zhao Yue , Liu Bilu , Zou Xiaolong , Lin Junhao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMonolayer WTe2 has attracted significant attention for its unconventional superconductivity and topological edge states. However, its air sensitivity poses challenges for studying intrinsic defect structures. This study addresses this issue using a custom‐built inert gas interconnected system, and investigate the intrinsic grain boundary (GB) structures of monolayer polycrystalline 1T’ WTe2 grown by nucleation‐controlled chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. These findings reveal that GBs in this system are predominantly governed by W‐Te rhombi with saturated coordination, resulting in three specific GB prototypes without dislocation cores. The GBs exhibit anisotropic orientations influenced by kinks formed from these fundamental units, which in turn affect the distribution of grains in various shapes within polycrystalline flakes. Scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/S) analysis further reveals metallic states along the intrinsic 120° twin grain boundary (TGB), consistent with computed band structures. This systematic exploration of GBs in air‐sensitive 1T’ WTe2 monolayers provides valuable insights into emerging GB‐related phenomena.
Black Ultrathin Single‐Crystalline Flakes of CuVP2S6 and CuCrP2S6 for Near‐Infrared‐Driven Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Lin Bo , Duan Ruihuan , Li Yonghui , Hua Weibo , Zhou Yao , Zhou Jiadong , Di Jun , Luo Xiao , Li He , Zhao Wenting , Yang Guidong , Liu Zheng , Liu Fucai 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe development of new near‐infrared‐responsive photocatalysts is a fascinating and challenging approach to acquire high photocatalytic hydrogen evolution (PHE) performance. Herein, near‐infrared‐responsive black CuVP2S6 and CuCrP2S6 flakes, as well as CuInP2S6 flakes, are designed and constructed for PHE. Atom‐resolved scanning transmission electron microscopy images and X‐ray absorption fine structure evidence the formation of ultrathin single‐crystalline sheet‐like structure of CuVP2S6 and CuCrP2S6. The synthetic CuVP2S6 and CuCrP2S6, with a narrow bandgap of ≈1.0 eV, shows the high light‐absorption edge exceeding 1100 nm. Moreover, through the femtosecond‐resolved transient absorption spectroscopy, CuCrP2S6 displays the efficient charge transfer and long charge lifetime (18318.1 ps), which is nearly 3 and 29 times longer than that of CuVP2S6 and CuInP2S6, respectively. In addition, CuCrP2S6, with the appropriate d‐band and p‐band, is thermodynamically favorable for the H+ adsorption and H2 desorption by contrast with CuVP2S6 and CuInP2S6. As a result, CuCrP2S6 exhibits high PHE rates of 9.12 and 0.66 mmol h−1 g−1 under simulated sunlight and near‐infrared light irradiation, respectively, far exceeding other layered metal phospho–sulfides. This work offers a distinctive perspective for the development of new near‐infrared‐responsive photocatalysts.
Water Transport‐Induced Liquid–Liquid Phase Separation Facilitates Gelation for Controllable and Facile Fabrication of Physically Crosslinked Microgels
Authors: Chen Michael W , Fan Dongdong , Liu Xiangjian , Han Dongbo , Jin Yuhong , Ao Yanxiao , Chen Yuyang , Liu Zhiqiang , Feng Yiting , Ling Sida , Liang Kaini , Kong Wenyu , Xu Jianhong , Du Yanan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPhysically crosslinked microgels (PCMs) offer a biocompatible platform for various biomedical applications. However, current PCM fabrication methods suffer from their complexity and poor controllability, due to their reliance on altering physical conditions to initiate gelation and their dependence on specific materials. To address this issue, a novel PCM fabrication method is devised, which employs water transport‐induced liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) to trigger the intermolecular interaction‐supported sol–gel transition within aqueous emulsion droplets. This method enables the controllable and facile generation of PCMs through a single emulsification step, allowing for the facile production of PCMs with various materials and sizes, as well as controllable structures and mechanical properties. Moreover, this PCM fabrication method holds great promise for diverse biomedical applications. The interior of the PCM not only supports the encapsulation and proliferation of bacteria but also facilitates the encapsulation of eukaryotic cells after transforming the system into an all‐aqueous emulsion. Furthermore, through appropriate surface functionalization, the PCMs effectively activate T cells in vitro upon coculturing. This work represents an advancement in PCM fabrication and offers new insights and perspectives for microgel engineering.
Enhanced Piezoelectricity by Polarization Rotation through Thermal Strain Manipulation in PbZr0.6Ti0.4O3 Thin Films
Authors: Huang Sizhao , Houwman Evert , Gauquelin Nicolas , Orekhov Andrey , Chezganov Dmitry , Verbeeck Johan , Hu Sixia , Zhong Gaokuo , Koster Gertjan , Rijnders Guus 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLead based bulk piezoelectric materials, e.g., PbZrxTi1‐xO3 (PZT), are widely used in electromechanical applications, sensors, and transducers, for which optimally performing thin films are needed. The results of a multi‐domain Landau–Ginzberg‐Devonshire model applicable to clamped ferroelectric thin films are used to predict the lattice symmetry and properties of clamped PZT thin films on different substrates. Guided by the thermal strain phase diagrams that are produced by this model, experimentally structural transitions are observed. These can be related to changes of the piezoelectric properties in PZT(x = 0.6) thin films that are grown on CaF2, SrTiO3 (STO) and 70% PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3‐30% PbTiO3 (PMN‐PT) substrates by pulsed laser deposition. Through temperature en field dependent in situ X‐ray reciprocal space mapping (RSMs) and piezoelectric force microscopy (PFM), the low symmetry monoclinic phase and polarization rotation are observed in the film on STO and can be linked to the measured enhanced properties. The study identifies a monoclinic ‐rhombohedral MC‐MA‐R crystal symmetry path as the polarization rotation mechanism. The films on CaF2 and PMN‐PT remain in the same symmetry phase up to the ferroelectric‐paraelectric phase transition, as predicted. These results support the validity of the multi‐domain model which provides the possibility to predict the behavior of clamped, piezoelectric PZT thin films, and design films with enhanced properties.