bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of patients with appendicitis who present to an outer metropolitan hospital
Authors: Devanathan Raja , Aw Hau Choong , Li Wai Suen Christopher Foong Dhin , Paul Eldho , Rodgers‐Wilson Stephen 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackground:  The present study investigates patients with acute appendicitis who presented to a hospital with no acute surgical service (group A) and compares the outcomes of these patients with those that presented to a tertiary centre with an acute surgical service within the same health network (group B). All group A patients were transferred to the group B hospital for appendicectomy.Methods:  During a 10‐month period, 257 patients (80 in group A, 177 in group B) with acute appendicitis were analysed retrospectively. Demographics, emergency department parameters, time to waiting bay, time to surgery, operative time, complications, length of stay and the stage of appendicitis were all noted for each group. A comparison of each of these parameters was made between the two groups of patients.Results:  There were 80 patients in group A and 177 patients in group B. There was a significant difference between the two groups in the fields of length of stay in the emergency department (P= 0.003), bed availability (P= 0.038), time to waiting bay (P= 0.006) and time to surgery (P= 0.006). There was no significant difference in the total length of stay and complication rates between the two groups (P= 0.58 and 0.78, respectively).Conclusion:  This study concludes that patients with acute appendicitis presenting to a hospital with no acute surgical services had a greater waiting period prior to surgery. However, this did not translate into greater complication rates or length of stay for these patients. We propose a prospective study to further analyse the outcomes in such patients.
Spatial scale and divergent patterns of variation in adapted traits in the ocean
Authors: Hice Lyndie A. , Duffy Tara A. , Munch Stephan B. , Conover David O. 
Published: March 2012

Ecology Letters (2012)AbstractThe geography of adaptive genetic variation is crucial to species conservation yet poorly understood in marine systems. We analyse the spatial scale of genetic variation in traits that broadly display adaptation throughout the range of a highly dispersive marine species. We conducted common garden experiments on the Atlantic silverside, Menidia menidia, from 39 locations along its 3 000 km range thereby mapping genetic variation for growth rate, vertebral number and sex determination. Each trait displayed unique clinal patterns, with significant differences (adaptive or not) occurring over very small distances. Breakpoints in the cline differed among traits, corresponding only partially with presumed eco‐geographical boundaries. Because clinal patterns are unique to each selected character, neutral genes or those coding for a single character cannot serve as proxies for the genetic structure as a whole. Conservation plans designed to protect essential genetic subunits of a species will need to account for such complex spatial structures.
Spanish nurses' credentialing in the 20th century
Authors: Hernández Conesa J.M. , Cayuela Fuentes P.S. , Beneit Montesinos J.V. , González Jurado M. 
Published: March 2012

HERNÁNDEZ CONESA J.M., CAYUELA FUENTES P.S., BENEIT MONTESINOS J.V. & GONZÁLEZ JURADO M. (2012) Spanish nurses credentialing in the 20th century. International Nursing Review59, 175–180Background:  Nurses credentialing as healthcare professionals commenced in Western Europe and in the USA by the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, boosted by the protestant reform movement. In Spain, it started in 1915, during the kingdom of Alfonso XIII (1902–1931). This historical period was marked by great political instability and big flaws in the healthcare delivery system.Aim:  To describe the regulatory pathway that gave rise to the nursing profession in Spain, through official credentialing and regulation during the first third of the 20th century.Method:  Documental, historical and regulatory documental research describing and analysing the national legislative sources used to regulate the professional development, as well as the education, training and competencies of the nursing practice in Spain, as compared with the developments in the European and American context.Conclusions:  Professional development of the nursing profession in Western Europe and in the USA is consolidated during the 20th century as resulting in educational and training enhancement and the establishment of national and international professional bodies. In Spain, the regulatory and legal recognition of the nursing profession come into being in 1915 in response to a request from a female religious congregation.
An Integrative HRM Process Theorization: Beyond Signalling Effects and Mutual Gains
Authors: Ehrnrooth Mats , Björkman Ingmar 
Published: March 2012

abstractHow and for whom HRM creates value are key questions in management research. The present study develops and tests an integrative HRM process theorization positing the existence of mutually reinforcing ability–motivation–opportunity, signalling, and identity‐based control mechanisms of the influence of HRM on both employee performance and work intensification. In addition to providing empirical support for the ‘how’ of value creation through HRM, the study contributes to the growing critique of the dominant mutual‐gains perspective, the notion that HRM outcomes are straightforwardly positive for both employers and employees. The integrative theorization also opens up interesting avenues for future research on the individual and organizational performance effects of HRM.
Conscientious Objection and the Morning‐After Pill
Authors: DEL BÒ CORRADO 
Published: March 2012

abstractThe so‐called ‘morning‐after pill’ is a drug that prevents pregnancy if taken no later than 72 hours after presumably fertile sexual intercourse. This article argues against a right of conscientious objection for pharmacists with regard to dispensing this drug. Some arguments that might be advanced in support of this right will be considered and rejected. Section 2 argues that from a philosophical point of view, the most relevant question is not whether the morning‐after pill prevents implantation nor is it whether preventing implantation is tantamount to abortion. Section 3 suggests a more general philosophical question as most pertinent, namely whether and to what extent a pharmacist can justifiably be exempted from dispensing the morning‐after pill when to do so would entail participating in something that goes against his or her deepest moral or religious convictions. Section 4 explains why, within liberal institutions, pharmacists should not have the right to conscientious objection to dispensing the morning‐after pill.
‘Exciting statistics’: the rapid development and promising future of hierarchical models for population ecology
Authors: Halstead B. J. , Wylie G. D. , Coates P. S. , Valcarcel P. , Casazza M. L. 
Published: March 2012

Read the Feature Paper: Bayesian shared frailty models for regional inference about wildlife survivalCommentaries on this Feature Paper: Combining information in hierarchical models improves inferences in population ecology and demographic population analyses; Bayesian shared frailty models for regional inference about wildlife survival; ‘Each site has its own survival probability, but information is borrowed across sites to tell us about survival in each site’: random effects models as means of borrowing strength in survival studies of wild vertebrates
Changes in sense of coherence in old age – a 5‐year follow‐up of the Umeå 85+ study
Authors: Lövheim Hugo , Graneheim Ulla H. , Jonsén Elisabeth , Strandberg Gunilla , Lundman Berit 
Published: March 2012

Scand J Caring Sci; 2013; 27; 13–19

Changes in sense of coherence in old age – a 5‐year follow‐up of the Umeå 85+ study
Objective:  This study aims to describe the changes in sense of coherence (SOC) over time and relate these changes to negative life events among very old people.Design:  Prospective and longitudinal study.Subjects:  190 old women and men participated, of whom 56 could be included in the 5‐year follow‐up.Methods:  The mean SOC score from the first and second data collection were compared using a paired sample t‐test. The relationship between the index of negative life events and the changes on SOC score between the two data collections was investigate using linear regression.Main outcome measures:  Antonovsky’s SOC scale and an index of negative life events including severe physical and mental diseases, various losses as losses of spouses, cognitive and functional ability.Result:  For the whole group of subjects (n = 56), the SOC scores was higher (70.1 vs. 73.7, p = 0.029) at the second point measure. The most common negative life events at follow‐up were loss of independence in activities in daily living and decrease in cognitive function. A significant correlation between the index of negative life events and changes in SOC over 5 years was found (p = 0.025). The more negative life events, the more decrease in SOC.Conclusion:  We concluded that there is a risk of decreased SOC and thereby quality of life when negative life events accumulate among very old people. Nursing interventions might play an important role for maintaining and perhaps strengthening SOC among old people exposed to negative life events.
Early onset of sexual intercourse is an indicator for hazardous lifestyle and problematic life situation
Authors: Makenzius Marlene , Larsson Margareta 
Published: March 2012

Scand J Caring Sci; 2013; 27; 20–26

Early onset of sexual intercourse is an indicator for hazardous lifestyle and problematic life situation
Background:  In public health efforts, knowledge about risk‐groups is important for creating societal conditions to ensure good health on equal terms.Aim:  To investigate differences in lifestyle and perceived health among 15‐year‐old teenagers with experience of sexual intercourse (self‐defined) and same‐aged teenagers without experience of sexual intercourse.Methods:  A two‐cluster questionnaire study among 15‐year‐old Swedish students (n = 2170) in 2009/10. Chi‐squared test was used to identify differences between three groups: teenagers who had not had sexual intercourse; teenagers who had had sexual intercourse at age of 14 or younger; and teenagers who had had intercourse at an age of 15.Results:  Thirty‐two per cent (n = 334) of girls and 31% (n = 324) of boys had had sexual intercourse. Teenagers with experience of sexual intercourse at 15 years or younger used more tobacco, alcohol and illicit drugs than same‐aged teenagers without intercourse experience did. Furthermore, teenagers with experience of intercourse, especially those with a debut at 14 year or younger, had less positive school experiences, more involvement in injuries and physical violence, were less (girls) and more (boys) physically active, and perceived a poorer health than teenagers without intercourse experience.Conclusion:  Sexual intercourse at the age of 15 or younger is an indicator for a hazardous lifestyle and problematic life situation.
5‐HT1B receptors inhibit glutamate release from primary afferent terminals in rat medullary dorsal horn neurons
Authors: Choi I‐S , Cho J‐H , An C‐H , Jung J‐K , Hur Y‐K , Choi J‐K , Jang I‐S 
Published: March 2012

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Although 5‐HT1B receptors are expressed in trigeminal sensory neurons, it is still not known whether these receptors can modulate nociceptive transmission from primary afferents onto medullary dorsal horn neurons.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Primary afferent‐evoked EPSCs were recorded from medullary dorsal horn neurons of rat horizontal brain stem slices using a conventional whole‐cell patch clamp technique under a voltage‐clamp condition.KEY RESULTS CP93129, a selective 5‐HT1B receptor agonist, reversibly and concentration‐dependently decreased the amplitude of glutamatergic EPSCs and increased the paired‐pulse ratio. In addition, CP93129 reduced the frequency of spontaneous miniature EPSCs without affecting the current amplitude. The CP93129‐induced inhibition of EPSCs was significantly occluded by GR55562, a 5‐HT1B/1D receptor antagonist, but not LY310762, a 5‐HT1D receptor antagonist. Sumatriptan, an anti‐migraine drug, also decreased EPSC amplitude, and this effect was partially blocked by either GR55562 or LY310762. On the other hand, primary afferent‐evoked EPSCs were mediated by the Ca2+ influx passing through both presynaptic N‐type and P/Q‐type Ca2+ channels. The CP93129‐induced inhibition of EPSCs was significantly occluded by ω‐conotoxin GVIA, an N‐type Ca2+ channel blocker.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The present results suggest that the activation of presynaptic 5‐HT1B receptors reduces glutamate release from primary afferent terminals onto medullary dorsal horn neurons, and that 5‐HT1B receptors could be, at the very least, a potential target for the treatment of pain from orofacial tissues.LINKED ARTICLE This article is commented on by Connor, pp. 353–355 of this issue. To view this commentary visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1476‐5381.2012.01963.x
The Drunken Self: The Five‐Factor Model as an Organizational Framework for Characterizing Perceptions of One's Own Drunkenness
Authors: Winograd Rachel P. , Littlefield Andrew K. , Martinez Julia , Sher Kenneth J. 
Published: March 2012

BackgroundExisting literature supports the use of the five‐factor model (FFM) personality dimensions (i.e., Neuroticism, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Intellect, and Conscientiousness) as a comprehensive representation of mood, affect, and behavior. This study evaluated the use of the FFM as an organizational framework for understanding self‐reported perceptions of drunkenness (i.e., mood, affect, and behavior associated with alcohol intoxication).MethodsCross‐sectional data were obtained through an online survey of college student drinkers (N = 988; 50% male, 85% white, mean age = 18.2) in an Introductory Psychology course at a large, mid‐western university. Participants reported on their perceptions of their sober and drunk “personalities” by rating items from Goldberg's International Personality Item Pool.ResultsConfirmatory factor analysis showed that sober and drunk personality structures fit the data equally well. On average, differences between perceived drunken and sober personality were pervasive; each of the 5 factors differed as a function of drunk versus sober state with perceived drunken personality associated with (in order of effect size) less conscientiousness, less intellect, less agreeableness, more extraversion, and less neuroticism. These general patterns varied by sex and drinking pattern.ConclusionsFindings support the use of the FFM as a framework for organizing self‐reported perceptions of global changes in “personality” that occur under intoxication.
Effect of a Disease‐Specific Advance Care Planning Intervention on End‐of‐Life Care
Authors: Kirchhoff Karin T. , Hammes Bernard J. , Kehl Karen A. , Briggs Linda A. , Brown Roger L. 
Published: March 2012

ObjectivesTo compare patient preferences for end‐of‐life care with care received at the end of life.DesignA randomized controlled trial was conducted with individuals with congestive heart failure or end‐stage renal disease and their surrogates who were randomized to receive patient‐centered advance care planning (PC‐ACP) or usual care.SettingTwo centers in Wisconsin with associated clinics and dialysis units.ParticipantsOf the 313 individuals and their surrogates who completed entry data, 110 died.InterventionDuring PC‐ACP, the trained facilitator assessed individual and surrogate understanding of and experiences with the illness, provided information about disease‐specific treatment options and their benefits and burden, assisted in documentation of treatment preferences, and assisted the surrogates in understanding the patient's preferences and the surrogate's role.MeasurementsPreferences were documented and compared with care received at the end of life according to surrogate interviews or medical charts.ResultsPatients (74%) frequently continued to make their own decisions about care to the end. The experimental group had fewer (1/62) cases in which patients' wishes about cardiopulmonary resuscitation were not met than in the control group (6/48) but not significantly so. Significantly more experimental patients withdrew from dialysis than controls.ConclusionPatients and their surrogates were generally willing to discuss preferences with a trained facilitator. Most patients received the care they desired at end of life or altered their preferences to be in accord with the care they could receive. A larger sample with surrogate decision‐makers is needed to detect significant differences.
Potentially Avoidable Hospitalizations of Dually Eligible Medicare and Medicaid Beneficiaries from Nursing Facility and Home‐ and Community‐Based Services Waiver Programs
Authors: Walsh Edith G. , Wiener Joshua M. , Haber Susan , Bragg Arnold , Freiman Marc , Ouslander Joseph G. 
Published: March 2012

ObjectivesBeneficiaries dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid are of increasing interest because of their clinical complexity and high costs. The objective of this study was to examine the incidence, costs, and factors associated with potentially avoidable hospitalizations (PAH) in this population.DesignRetrospective study of hospitalizations.SettingHospitalizations from nursing facilities (NF) including Medicare and Medicaid‐covered stays, and Medicaid Home and Community‐Based Services (HCBS) waiver programs.ParticipantsDually eligible individuals who received Medicare skilled nursing facility (SNF) or Medicaid NF services or HCBS waiver services in 2005.InterventionsNone.MeasurementsPotentially avoidable hospitalizations were defined by an expert panel that identified conditions and associated Diagnostic Related Groups (DRGs) which can often be prevented or safely and effectively managed without hospitalization.ResultsMore than one‐third of the population was hospitalized at least once, totaling almost 1 million hospitalizations. The admitting DRG for 382,846 (39%) admissions were identified as PAH. PAH rates varied considerably among states, and blacks had a higher rate and costs for PAH than whites. Five conditions (pneumonia, congestive heart failure, urinary tract infections, dehydration, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/asthma) were responsible for 78% of the PAH. The total Medicare costs for these hospitalizations were $3 billion, but only $463 million for Medicaid. A sensitivity analysis, assuming that 20%–60% of these hospitalizations could be prevented, revealed that between 77,000 and 260,000 hospitalizations and between $625 million and $1.9 billion in expenditures could be avoided annually in this population.ConclusionPotentially avoidable hospitalizations are common and costly in the dually eligible population. New initiatives are needed to reduce PAH in this population as they are costly and can adversely affect function and quality of life.
Connective tissue grafts in conjunction with implants installed immediately into extraction sockets. An experimental study in dogs
Authors: Caneva Marco , Botticelli Daniele , Viganò Paolo , Morelli Fabrizio , Rea Massimiliano , Lang Niklaus P. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAimTo evaluate the influence of a sub‐epithelial connective tissue graft placed at the buccal aspect of implants installed immediately after tooth extraction on the dimensional changes of hard and soft tissues.Materials and MethodsIn six Labrador dogs a bilateral partial‐ thickness dissection was made buccal to the second mandibular premolar. At the lingual aspect, full‐thickness flaps were elevated. The teeth were extracted and implants installed immediately into the distal socket. A connective tissue graft was obtained from the palate and applied to the buccal aspect of the test sites, whereas contra‐laterally, no graft was applied. The flaps were sutured to allow a non‐submerged installation. After 4 months of healing, the animals were sacrificed, ground sections were obtained and histomorphometric analyses were performed.ResultsAfter 4 months of healing, all implants were integrated (n = 6). Both at the test and at the control sites bone resorption occurred: 1.6 mm and 2.1 mm, respectively. The difference was not statistically significant. The coronal aspect of the peri‐implant soft tissue was wider and located more coronally at the test compared with the control sites. The differences were statistically significant.ConclusionsThe application of a connective tissue graft placed at the buccal aspect of the bony wall at implants installed immediately after tooth extraction yielded a minimal preservation of the hard tissues. The peri‐implant mucosa, however, was significantly thicker and more coronally positioned at the test compared with the control sites.
Cutaneomucosal venous malformations are linked to the TIE2 mutation in a large Chinese family
Authors: Shu Wei , Lin Youkun , Hua Rong , Luo Yanyan , He Na , Fang Ling , Tan Jianqiang , Lu Junjia , Hu Zihua , Yuan Zhigang 
Published: March 2012

AbstractMutations in TIE2/TEK gene have been identified as the major cause for cutaneomucosal venous malformations (VMCM) that were previously reported to occur in Caucasian families. We report here for the first time a Chinese VMCM family of 19 affected individuals in five generations with multiple vascular lesions on their oral mucosa and extremities. Histological analyses showed that the lesions comprised of irregular vascular spaces with a continuous layer of endothelial cells and variable smooth muscle cells. Although these VMCM characters were consistent with those in Caucasian families, difference was observed in hyperplastic SMC layer and vascular walls. Haplotype analyses and DNA sequencing indicated that both the mutation‐associated haplotype and a R849W (c.2545C>T) change of the TIE2 gene cosegregated perfectly with the VMCM phenotype. This result suggested that, like those in Caucasian families, the R849W mutation in TIE2 could be one of the major causes for VMCM in Asian families.