bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-volant mammals in the central Andes Yungas: the Pampa Hermosa National Sanctuary
Authors: Cervantes Klauss , Arias Edith , Aguilar Adela , Larico César , Pacheco Víctor 
Published: May 2024

The Pampa Hermosa National Sanctuary (SNPH) is a Natural Protected Area (11,543 ha) that encompasses a large extension of central Yungas; however, despite its high priority status for the conservation of biodiversity, the non-volant mammals have been poorly documented. This study reports the non-volant mammals from the Yungas of the SNPH and its buffer zone, for the first time. We sampled four localities: Podocarpus (1,900 m), Los Cedros (1,600 m), Santa Isabel (1,450 m), and Nueva Italia (1,370 m), which encompass very humid premontane and montane forests. We used capture methods for small mammals; and direct and indirect records for medium and large-sized mammals. The capture effort was 6,860 traps-night (Sherman and Victor traps) and 490 buckets-night (pitfall traps). We recorded 31 native species: six marsupials, one cingulate, two primates, 18 rodents, two carnivores, and two artiodactyls, including the threatened species Lagothrix lagotricha tschudii and two endemic rodents. The most diverse orders were rodents and marsupials (77 %). The analysis of true diversity (qD) showed that the montane forests of SNPH (1,600 to 1,900 m) had the highest values: Los Cedros (0D = 18.80) when order q = 0; and Podocarpus (1D = 6.34; 2D = 4.99) when order q = 1, 2. The rank-abundance curves indicated the same taxa group (Hylaeamys yunganus, Akodon cf. A. aerosus, and species of Neacomys) as the most abundant at all localities. The species Marmosa (Micoureus) constantiae, Hylaeamys yunganus, Rhipidomys gardneri, Euryoryzomys nitidus, Oligoryzomys microtis, and Neacomys macedoruizi are the first records for the region of Junín. One species of Neacomys and another of Oecomys might be new species to science. A beta diversity analysis showed that the Yungas of SNPH are more similar to the Manu National Park (21 %) and the Tingo María National Park (20 %); highlighting that dissimilarity is high even between relatively close communities. Our study indicates that the SNPH allow connectivity with other nearby Yungas, especially for medium and large-sized mammals that need pristine and preserved forests. Nevertheless, the real diversity of the region is still far from being completely inventoried; additional evaluations with a diverse array of methods are needed toward that goal. In addition, the local and regional governments should get involved in conserving these fragile forests where the changes in land use may affect many key and endemic species.
Emergency general surgery: a ‘state of the nation’ survey
Authors: Walsh A , Olivier J , Old O 
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION Many projects seek to improve emergency general surgery (EGS) care across England. However, no study to date has examined how EGS is currently organised or how this is evolving. The aim of this study was to determine the current status of EGS organisation in England, whether this correlates with measures of hospital activity and changes proposed in the future. METHODS Surveys were sent to all NHS trusts in England via freedom of information requests. Trusts were given eight weeks to reply. Trust characteristics were ascertained by asking their organisational structure as well as acute bed numbers, number of admissions under general surgery, number of cases submitted to the National Emergency Laparotomy Audit in 2021 and whether they planned to start an EGS service within the next five years. Organisational structures were categorised as: a) mixed general surgical take; b) daily allocation to a subspecialty; c) dedicated EGS consultants/service covering weekdays; d) dedicated EGS consultants/service covering weekdays and weekends; or e) other. RESULTS A total of 101 organisations responded. There were 36 organisations in group A, 16 in group B, 10 in group C, 30 in group D and 5 in group E. Four organisations declined to supply information on organisational structure. No trust characteristic was significantly different between organisational structures. Two-fifths (41%) of the organisations reported having an EGS service in place (groups C and D). Almost a quarter (23%) of those without an EGS service reported plans to implement one within the next five years. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate a growing trend towards implementing EGS services in England, with over 50% of trusts expected to offer such a service in five years’ time. It is important to pursue a collaborative definition of best practice for EGS to ensure high quality care for patients.
Design of a nano-scale optical 2-bit analog to digital converter based on artificial intelligence
Authors: Hussein Nashwan.J. , Saeed Saeed R. , Hatem Ahmed S. 
Published: May 2024

A novel, to our knowledge, optical 2-bit analog to digital converter
(ADC) plasmonic waveguide was proposed using a metal–insulator–metal
(MIM) with a circular disk resonator. A mutual cooperation between the
finite element method of COMSOL software and MATLAB with the aid of
artificial intelligence (AI) presented by the multi-layer perceptron
(MLP) has been proposed for implementing the main structure. The phase
shift difference between the input and the control ports is the basic
principle used to select the outcomes on the output port. The
transmission threshold (Tthreshold) is selected to be 0.5, resonance
wavelength is 1040 nm, and the footprint of the design is 1200×2500nm. Several criteria like full width at
half maximum (FWHM), contrast ratio (CR), modulation depth (MD),
insertion loss (IL), and curves covering a complete wavelength range
from 800 to 2000 nm versus transmission value (Tv) are
simulated to evaluate the plasmonic system performance. The FWHM is
17 nm, CR is equal to 10.8 dB, MD and IL are 98.17% and −1dB, respectively, and the quality factor
(Q-factor) for a single segment of the design reached 61.17.
Sleep quality and mental health among Chinese nurses after the COVID-19 pandemic: A moderated model
Authors: Zhao Yanyan , Liu Fuzhi , Lin Pingzhen , Tu Zhuote , Wu Biyu 
Published: May 2024

Introduction and aims
In the specialized nursing setting, nurses are susceptible to developing negative mental health issues. Such conditions among nurses can potentially result in unfavorable medical outcomes. Consequently, this study aims to explore the role of social support in regulating between sleep and mental health in nurses.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was carried out in September 2022 on 1219 nurses in Quanzhou. The study comprised general demographic information and utilized various questionnaires, namely the Social Support Rate Scale (SSRS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Questionnaire (PSQI), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD-7), and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). The data analysis was performed using t-tests, ANOVAs, Pearsons correlations and hierarchical regression analyses in SPSS software.

Results
Results show that significant associations of sleep quality and social support with anxiety and depression. Simple slope analysis shows that under low levels of social support, sleep quality has a positive impact on anxiety(β = 0.598) and depression(β = 0.851), and the impact is significant. Under high levels of social support, sleep quality also has a positive impact on anxiety(β = 0.462) and depression(β = 0.578), but the impact is smaller. This indicates that as the level of social support increases, the positive predictive effect of sleep quality on anxiety and depression gradually diminishes.

Conclusions
Social support has the potential to alter the impact of sleep quality on anxiety and depression. Therefore, healthcare policymakers need to focus on enhancing the level of social support and mitigating the impact of poor sleep on anxiety and depression.
Gender disparity between first and senior authors on liver cancer research in the top journals of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Authors: Shi Huiqin , Xu Huan , Huang Shu , Tan Zhenju , Ma Xinyue , Zhang Han , Zhang Wei , Shi Lei , Zhong Xiaolin , Lü Muhan , Chen Xia , Tang Xiaowei 
Published: May 2024

Background
Gender disparity is pervasive in academic medicine. This study aimed to assess the disparity between men and women with regard to first and senior author positions in primary studies on liver cancer over the last two decades.

Methods
We conducted a review of articles published in high-impact factor journals of the field of Gastroenterology and Hepatology in 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2020. First and senior authors of all ages were considered as the study population. The authors’ genders were determined using the online artificial intelligence tool genderize.io (https://genderize.io/). The disparity between men and women authors was assessed using the linear-by-linear association test.

Results
665 original articles from 10 journals were reviewed. The point prevalence of first women authors was 25.0% compared with 75.0% for men. The point prevalence of senior women authors was 16.3% compared with 83.7% for men. From 2000 to 2020, the proportion of first women authors increased 14.4% to 26.8% compared with 85.6%-73.2% for men (P = 0.009), and the proportion of senior women authors increased from 7.4% to 19.5%, compared with 92.6%-80.5% for men (P = 0.035). The factor independently associated with a reduced representation of women among first authors was the region of author. The factor independently associated with a reduced representation of women among senior authors was the impact factor of journals.

Conclusion
The findings indicated a remarkable increase in the proportion of women, both first and senior authors, over the past two decades in the field of liver cancers. However, the representation of women authors in this area is far less than that of men.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on perinatal care and outcomes: A retrospective study in a tertiary hospital in Northern Ghana
Authors: Abdul-Mumin Alhassan , Bimpong Kingsley Appiah , Cotache-Condor Cesia , Oppong Jonathan , Charadan Ana Maria Simono , Munkaila Adam , Perez de Souza Joao Vitor , Smith Emily R. 
Published: May 2024

Background
Perinatal mortality remains a global challenge. This challenge may be worsened by the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal and child health.

Objectives
Examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on perinatal care and outcomes in the Tamale Teaching Hospital in northern Ghana.

Methods
A hospital-based retrospective study was conducted in the Tamale Teaching Hospital. We compared antenatal care attendance, total deliveries, cesarean sections, and perinatal mortality before the COVID-19 pandemic (March 1, 2019 to February 28, 2020) and during the COVID-19 pandemic (March 1, 2020 to February 28, 2021). Interrupted time series analyses was performed to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on perinatal care and outcomes at TTH.

Results
A total number of 35,350 antenatal visits and 16,786 deliveries were registered at TTH from March 2019 to February 2021. Antenatal care, early neonatal death, and emergency cesarean section showed a rapid decline after the onset of the pandemic, with a progressive recovery over the following months. The total number of deliveries and fresh stillbirths showed a step change with a marked decrease during the pandemic, while the macerated stillbirths showed a pulse change, a temporary marked decrease with a quick recovery over time.

Conclusion
The COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on perinatal care and outcomes in our facility. Pregnancy monitoring through antenatal care should be encouraged and continued even as countries tackle the pandemic.
Outcomes of the LEAP feasibility trial—A low-threshold, exercise programme with protein supplementation to target frailty and poor physical functioning in people experiencing homelessness and addiction issues
Authors: Kennedy Fiona , Ní Cheallaigh Clíona , Romero-Ortuno Roman , Doyle Suzanne L. , Broderick Julie 
Published: May 2024

Background
People experiencing homelessness are more likely to experience poor health with physical functioning deficits and frailty commonly reported. It is not well known how strategies to target physical functioning deficits and frailty work in practice in this group. The primary aim of this study was to explore the feasibility of an exercise intervention with protein supplementation to target physical functioning and frailty in people experiencing homelessness evaluated by recruitment and retention rates, adherence to the exercise sessions and protein supplement, adverse effects, programme feedback and characteristics of non-returners, sporadic and frequent attenders. The secondary aim was to evaluate changes in effectiveness outcomes of grip strength, muscle mass, lower extremity physical function, pain, frailty, and risk of malnutrition.

Method
This prospective single-arm study evaluated the feasibility of a 16-week rolling, low-threshold, ‘drop-in’ once weekly exercise programme with protein supplementation. The main recruitment site was a day-service centre for people who are homeless. Feasibility was assessed by the recruitment and retention rates, adherence to the exercise sessions and protein supplement as well as adverse effects, programme feedback and evaluation of characteristics of non-returners, sporadic (≤50% of available sessions) and frequent attenders (≥50% of available sessions). Effectiveness outcomes included pain (Visual Analogue Scale), physical functioning and performance (hand-grip dynamometry, limb circumference, the Short Physical Performance Battery), frailty (SHARE-FI and Clinical Frailty Scale) and nutritional status (Mini Nutritional Assessment).

Results
Thirty-one participants were recruited mean (SD) age 45(16) years. There was a recruitment rate of a median (IQR) of 2(1–3) new participants per week. The retention rate was 45% (n = 14) to the main recruitment site. Adherence to the exercise sessions and nutritional intervention was 90% and 100% respectively. Three adverse events were recorded during 74 interventions over the 16-week programme. The acceptability of the programme was highlighted in participant feedback. Characteristics of frequent returners (≥50%) were older age, female, more stably housed and more stable in addiction. The programme did not induce any changes in effectiveness outcomes.

Conclusion
The feasibility of this programme was demonstrated. Overall, the programme was well received with higher retention rates in older participants, females, those more stably housed and those stable in addiction. A higher powered, more intense programme is needed to demonstrate programme effectiveness.
Association of body mass index and waist circumference with long-term mortality risk in 10,370 coronary patients and potential modification by lifestyle and health determinants
Authors: Cruijsen Esther , Bonekamp Nadia E. , Koopal Charlotte , Winkels Renate M. , Visseren Frank L. J. , Geleijnse Johanna M. ,   on behalf of the Alpha Omega Cohort study group and the UCC-SMART study group
Published: May 2024

Background and aims
Body adiposity is known to affect mortality risk in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). We examined associations of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) with long term mortality in Dutch CAD patients, and potential and effect modification of these associations by lifestyle and health determinants.

Methods
10,370 CAD patients (mean age ∼65 y; 20% female; >80% on cardiovascular drugs) from the prospective Alpha Omega Cohort and Utrecht Cardiovascular Cohort–Secondary Manifestations of ARTerial disease study were included. Cox models were used to estimate categorical and continuous associations (using restricted cubic splines) of measured BMI and WC with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risk, adjusting for age, sex, smoking, alcohol, physical activity and educational level. Analyses were repeated in subgroups of lifestyle factors (smoking, physical activity, diet quality), education and health determinants (diabetes, self-rated health).

Results
During ∼10 years of follow-up (91,947 person-years), 3,553 deaths occurred, including 1,620 from cardiovascular disease. U-shaped relationships were found for BMI and mortality risk, with the lowest risk for overweight patients (BMI ∼27 kg/m2). For obesity (BMI ≥30), the HR for all-cause mortality was 1.31 (95% CI: 1.11, 1.41) in male patients and 1.10 (95% CI: 0.92, 1.30) in female patients, compared to BMI 25–30 kg/m2. WC was also non-linearly associated with mortality, and HRs were 1.18 (95%CI:1.06, 1.30) in males and 1.31 (95%CI:1.05, 1.64) in females for the highest vs. middle category of WC. Results for cardiovascular mortality were mostly in line with the results for all-cause mortality. U-shaped associations were found in most subgroups, associations were moderately modified by physical activity, smoking and educational level.

Conclusions
CAD patients with obesity and a large WC were at increased risk of long-term CVD and all-cause mortality, while mildly overweight patients had the lowest risk. These associations were consistent across subgroups of patients with different lifestyles and health status.
First detection of Koi herpesvirus disease (KHVD) in Garmian, Kurdistan region of Iraq: A clinical and molecular study
Authors: Akbar Hasan Al-Jaf Diyar , Nawokas Shaymaa Abdulaziz , Mardoukhi Muhammad Majed 
Published: May 2024

Introduction
Koi herpesvirus disease (KHVD) is attributed to cyprinid herpesvirus-3 (CyHV-3) and predominantly affects common carp and ornamental koi carp (Cyprinus carpio). This viral infection leads to substantial morbidity and mortality among these fish species. This study aimed to confirm the presence of KHVD in the Kurdistan region of Iraq by employing clinical and optimized molecular assays on fish populations experiencing high mortality among common carp in carp farms.

Methodology
The present research was conducted in the Kalar district, situated at the heart of Garmian province in Iraqi Kurdistan. four samples from common carp fish farms were received by our laboratory. These samples specifically displaying clinical signs associated with koi herpesvirus (KHV) infection, were subjected to clinical examinations, and PCR assay in addition to sequence analysis.

Results
The results of the current study revealed that the observed clinical signs, particularly gill necrosis, skin lesions, and sunken eyes, closely resembled the clinical signs of KHVD in common carp fish. In addition, PCR, nested PCR, and sequence analysis assay detected appropriate DNA fragments of the CyHV-3 major capsid protein gene confirming the first detection of KHVD in common carp fish in the Kurdistan region of Iraq.

Conclusion
In this study, the results confirm the detection of KHVD in the Kurdistan region, Iraq, for the first time. This study revealed that CyHV-3 was responsible for KHVD-related signs and symptoms. Based on these results, it is strongly recommended that comprehensive studies be initiated to investigate the prevalence and distribution of CyHV-3.
Microvascular dysfunction in heart transplantation is associated with altered cardiomyocyte mitochondrial structure and unimpaired excitation-contraction coupling
Authors: Hohendanner Felix , Boegner Markus , Huettemeister Judith , Zhang Kun , Dreysse Stephan , Knosalla Christoph , Falk Volkmar , Schoenrath Felix , Just Isabell Anna , Stawowy Philipp 
Published: May 2024

Introduction
Microvascular dysfunction (MVD) is a hallmark feature of chronic graft dysfunction in patients that underwent orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) and is the main contributor to impaired long-term graft survival. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of MVD on functional and structural properties of cardiomyocytes isolated from ventricular biopsies of OHT patients.

Methods
We included 14 patients post-OHT, who had been transplanted for 8.1 years [5.0; 15.7 years]. Mean age was 49.6 ± 14.3 years; 64% were male. Coronary microvasculature was assessed using guidewire-based coronary flow reserve(CFR)/index of microvascular resistance (IMR) measurements. Ventricular myocardial biopsies were obtained and cardiomyocytes were isolated using enzymatic digestion. Cells were electrically stimulated and subcellular Ca2+ signalling as well as mitochondrial density were measured using confocal imaging.

Results
MVD measured by IMR was present in 6 of 14 patients with a mean IMR of 53±10 vs. 12±2 in MVD vs. controls (CTRL), respectively. CFR did not differ between MVD and CTRL. Ca2+ transients during excitation-contraction coupling in isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes from a subset of patients showed unaltered amplitudes. In addition, Ca2+ release and Ca2+ removal were not significantly different between MVD and CTRL. However, mitochondrial density was significantly increased in MVD vs. CTRL (34±1 vs. 29±2%), indicating subcellular changes associated with MVD.

Conclusion
In-vivo ventricular microvascular dysfunction post OHT is associated with preserved excitation-contraction coupling in-vitro, potentially owing to compensatory changes on the mitochondrial level or due to the potentially reversible cause of the disease.
Hotspot areas of risky sexual behaviour and associated factors in Ethiopia: Further spatial and mixed effect analysis of Ethiopian demographic health survey
Authors: Anley Denekew Tenaw , Zemene Melkamu Aderajew , Gebeyehu Asaye Alamneh , Gebeyehu Natnael Atnafu , Adella Getachew Asmare , Kassie Gizachew Ambaw , Mengstie Misganaw Asmamaw , Seid Mohammed Abdu , Abebe Endeshaw Chekol , Gesese Molalegn Mesele , Solomon Yenealem , Moges Natnael , Bantie Berihun , Feleke Sefineh Fenta , Dejenie Tadesse Asmamaw , Chanie Ermias Sisay , Bayih Wubet Alebachew , Tesfa Natnael Amare , Taklual Wubet , Tesfa Dessalegn , Anteneh Rahel Mulatie , Dessie Anteneh Mengist 
Published: May 2024

Introduction
Sexual behaviour needs to take a central position in the heart of public health policy makers and researchers. This is important in view of its association with Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), including HIV. Though the prevalence of HIV/AIDS is declining in Ethiopia, the country is still one of the hardest hit in the continent of Africa. Hence, this study was aimed at identifying hot spot areas and associated factors of risky sexual behavior (RSB). This would be vital for more targeted interventions which can produce a sexually healthy community in Ethiopia.

Methods
In this study, a cross-sectional survey study design was employed. A further analysis of the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey data was done on a total weighted sample of 10,518 women and men age 15–49 years. ArcGIS version 10.7 and Kuldorff’s SaTScan version 9.6 software were used for spatial analysis. Global Moran’s I statistic was employed to test the spatial autocorrelation, and Getis-Ord Gi* as well as Bernoulli-based purely spatial scan statistics were used to detect significant spatial clusters of RSB. Mixed effect multivariable logistic regression model was fitted to identify predictors and variables with a p-value ≤0.05 were considered as statistically significant.

Result
The study subjects who had RSB were found to account about 10.2% (95% CI: 9.64%, 10.81%) of the population, and spatial clustering of RSB was observed (Moran’s I = 0.82, p-value = 0.001). Significant hot spot areas of RSB were observed in Gambela, Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa. The primary and secondary SaTScan clusters were detected in Addis Ababa (RR = 3.26, LLR = 111.59, P<0.01), and almost the entire Gambela (RR = 2.95, LLR = 56.45, P<0.01) respectively. Age, literacy level, smoking status, ever heard of HIV/AIDS, residence and region were found to be significant predictors of RSB.

Conclusion
In this study, spatial clustering of risky sexual behaviour was observed in Ethiopia, and hot spot clusters were detected in Addis Ababa, Dire Dawa and Gambela regions. Therefore, interventions which can mitigate RSB should be designed and implemented in the identified hot spot areas of Ethiopia. Interventions targeting the identified factors could be helpful in controlling the problem.