bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface ice observations on the St. Lawrence River using infrared thermography
Authors: Emond J. , Morse B. , Richard M. , Stander E. , Viau A. A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWinter navigation requires regular and informative ice observations in order to provide safe and effective waterways. Acquiring field data is a costly, risky and difficult operation that can be greatly aided by airborne remote sensing. This paper reports on a field campaign designed to assess the utility of infrared thermography as a means of river ice monitoring. For this study, data were acquired on the St. Lawrence River. In March 2008, airborne infrared georeferenced images were acquired between Montreal and Quebec City, Canada. Following appropriate corrections and calibration, each image provided direct information on surface ice characteristics including superficial concentration and temperature. Ice floe thickness could also be deduced through the numerical analysis of ice surface temperature and near surface air temperature.Taken as a whole, the set of images reveals phenomena and patterns in the observed ice floes. These include: surface median temperature (from −2 to 0°C); median thickness (from 1 to 3 cm); concentration (highly variable along successive reaches, varying from 0 to 100%); shape of floes (typically more oblong than circular); mean floe area (up to 5 ha) and number of floes per hectare (typically from 5 to 50). Along successive reaches, sectorial trends are observed for differing hydraulic conditions. Taken together, theses statistics bring out the variability inherent in the ice floes developed along the river, and lead to the conclusion that infrared thermography is a unique and effective tool for river ice monitoring, as it provides both rich visual and quantitative information. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of surface structural and mechanical changes following remineralization of dentin
Authors: Bertassoni Luiz Eduardo , Habelitz Stefan , Pugach Megan , Soares Paulo Cesar , Marshall Sally Jean , Marshall Grayson William 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis study sought to gain insights into the surface structural and mechanical changes leading to remineralization of dentin. Remineralization was compared between a continuous remineralization approach and a nonbuffered static approach using solutions of the same initial composition. Artificial carious lesions were treated for 5 days and analyzed every 24 h using nanoindentation in water, SEM, and AFM. The continuous approach yielded a recovery of mechanical properties of up to 60% of normal dentin, whereas the static approach led to recovery of only 10%. Image analysis revealed that the static approach yielded the formation of areas suggestive of an apatite precipitate on the surface of the dentin matrix. In contrast, surface precipitate was absent using the continuous approach, suggesting that mineral formed within the lesion and re‐associated with the collagenous matrix. This study provided evidence that mechanical recovery of dentin in near physiological conditions is attainable through the continuous delivery of calcium and phosphate ions. SCANNING 32: 312–319, 2010. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Small data set analysis in surface metrology: an investigation using a single point incremental forming case study
Authors: Powers B. M. , Ham M. , Wilkinson M. G. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA new method for applying statistical techniques with small data sets in surface metrology is demonstrated. This method allows for surfaces or surface‐creation processes to be differentiated with as few as six measurement regions. A case study in surface roughness of single point incremental forming is used to demonstrate this method because previous work in this area has not provided quantitative statistical testing to support conclusions. The results from the case study indicate that surface roughness parameters Sz and relative length at scales less than 200 nm are greater when the roll marks on the surface are oriented perpendicular rather than parallel to the forming direction. SCANNING 32: 199–211, 2010. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Flash chemistry: flow microreactor synthesis based on high‐resolution reaction time control
Authors: Yoshida Jun‐Ichi 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis article addresses a fascinating aspect of flash chemistry, high‐resolution reaction‐time control by virtue of a flow microreactor system, and its applications. The length of time that the solution remains inside the reactor is called the residence time. The residence time between the addition of a reagent and that of a quenching agent or the next reagent in a flow microreactor is the reaction time, and the reaction time can be greatly reduced by adjusting the length of a reaction channel in a flow microreactor. This feature is quite effective for conducting reactions involving short‐lived reactive intermediates. A reactive species can be generated and transferred to another location to be used in the next reaction before it decomposes by adjusting the residence time in the millisecond to second timescale. The principle of such high‐resolution reaction‐time control, which can be achieved only by flow microreactors, and its applications to synthetic reactions including Swern–Moffatt‐type oxidation, as well as the generation and reactions of aryllithium compounds bearing electrophilic substituents, such as alkoxycarbonyl groups, are presented. Integration of such reactions using integrated flow microreactor systems is also demonstrated. © 2010 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Chem Rec 10: 332–341; 2010: Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/tcr.201000020
Long‐term transportation, by road and air, of chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) and atlantic bonito (Sarda sarda)
Authors: Correia João P.S. , Graça José T.C. , Hirofumi Morikawa , Kube Nicole 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDuring the second semester of 2009, three trips were made from Olhão (Southern Portugal) to Stralsund (Northern Germany) carrying 2.122 animals, which included multiple teleosts, elasmobranchs and invertebrates. This group included scombrids, such as 1.869 Scomber japonicus and 9 Sarda sarda, which are notoriously difficult to transport. However, multiple adaptations to transport regimes adopted regularly have allowed the authors to successfully move these animals by road and air over a total of up to 25 hr. Such adaptations included maintaining oxygen saturation rates at approximately 200%, and also the constant addition of AmQuel®, sodium bicarbonate, and sodium carbonate. Different formulations were used during the three trips, with the best results corresponding to 20/30/30 ppm of the three aforementioned chemicals, respectively. The authors suggest, however, that a modified formula of 20/40/40 ppm will allow for an even more stable pH on future trips. Zoo Biol 30:459–472, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of two milk replacers fed to hand‐reared cheetah cubs (Acinonyx jubatus): nutrient composition, apparent total tract digestibility, and comparison to maternal cheetah milk
Authors: Bell Katherine M. , Rutherfurd Shane M. , Cottam Yvette H. , Hendriks Wouter H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractCommercially prepared milk replacers are frequently used to provide the sole source of nutrition for hand‐reared cheetah cubs (Acinonyx jubatus). The nutrient composition of two commonly used milk replacers was determined. Using titanium dioxide as an indigestible marker, nutrient digestibility was calculated from the analyses of fecal samples collected from each cub (n= 4 on formula 1, andn= 2 on formula 2). Mean apparent total tract digestibility for both formulas was >90% for all nutrients analyzed (crude protein, amino acids, crude fat (CF), and dry matter). However, the total CF content and the concentration of the essential fatty acids, such as α‐linolenic, linolenic, and arachidonic acid, of both formulas was lower than reported for maternal cheetah milk. Additionally, one formula contained a comparatively high amount of carbohydrate, at the expense of protein. Although data were lacking for cheetah maternal milk, comparison with domestic cat milk revealed high concentrations of a number of minerals (K, Fe, Zn, and Cu), while vitamin D3was not detected in one formula. Both formulas were low in the majority of essential amino acids compared with domestic cat maternal milk. Despite their apparently high digestibility, neither formula was complete or balanced in terms of nutrient concentrations and ratios when maternal cheetah milk and/or the requirements established for growth in domestic cats were used as estimates of ideal. On this basis, although all cubs in this study were healthy and maintained good body conditions for the duration of the trial, the results of dietary analyses indicate that these milk replacers may not provide optimal nutrition for growth in cheetah cubs when used for extended periods. Zoo Biol 30:412–426, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of husbandry practices for the captive breeding of key largo woodrats (Neotoma floridana smalli)
Authors: Alligood Christina A. , Daneault Andre J. , Carlson Robert C. , Dillenbeck Thomas , Wheaton Catharine J. , Savage Anne 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe Key Largo woodrat is an endangered rodent endemic to the island of Key Largo in the Florida Keys. After several reports documented a steep decline in the population, the US Fish and Wildlife Service developed a recovery plan, including captive breeding and reintroduction. Captive breeding efforts were to be focused on providing animals for future reintroduction to protected areas on Key Largo. However, little was known about the husbandry needs or reproductive behavior of this elusive nocturnal species. In 2005, Disney's Animal Kingdom® received 11 animals and began to systematically investigate methods of breeding Key Largo woodrats. Since the program's inception, 30 pups have been born and successfully parent reared. In this report, we describe some of the husbandry techniques that have contributed to the success of the Key Largo woodrat captive breeding program at Disney's Animal Kingdom®. The results obtained may be of use to other facilities maintaining woodrats and other rodent species. Zoo Biol 30:318–327, 2011.  © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIB may predominantly present with an attenuated clinical phenotype
Authors: Valstar Marlies J. , Bruggenwirth Hennie T. , Olmer Renske , Wevers Ron A. , Verheijen Frans W. , Poorthuis Ben J. , Halley Dicky J. , Wijburg Frits A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMucopolysaccharidosis type IIIB (MPS IIIB, Sanfilippo syndrome type B) is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by deficiency of the enzyme N‐acetyl‐α‐D‐glucosaminidase (NAGLU). Information on the natural course of MPS IIIB is scarce but much needed in view of emerging therapies. To improve knowledge on the natural course, data on all 52 MPS IIIB patients ever identified by enzymatic studies in the Netherlands were gathered. Clinical data on 44 patients could be retrieved. Only a small number (n = 9; 21%) presented with a classical MPS III phenotype; all other patients showed a much more attenuated course of the disease characterized by a significantly slower regression of intellectual and motor abilities. The majority of patients lived well into adulthood. First signs of the disease, usually mild developmental delay, were observed at a median age of 4 years. Subsequently, patients showed a slowing and eventually a stagnation of development. Patients with the attenuated phenotype had a stable intellectual disability for many years. Molecular analysis was performed in 24 index patients. The missense changes p.R643C, p.S612G, p.E634K, and p.L497V were exclusively found in patients with the attenuated phenotype. MPS IIIB comprises a remarkably wide spectrum of disease severity, and an unselected cohort including all Dutch patients showed a large proportion (79%) with an attenuated phenotype. MPS IIIB must be considered in patients with a developmental delay, even in the absence of a progressive decline in intellectual abilities. A key feature, necessitating metabolic studies, is the coexistence of behavioral problems.
A new technique using metal tags to track small seeds over short distances
Authors: Canner Judith E. , Spence Meredith 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMyrmecochory (seed dispersal by ants) is an evolutionarily and ecologically common mutualism. Since the first study of the phenomenon, ecologists have sought to develop techniques to track ant‐dispersed seeds. Often, thick leaf litter and the potential burial of seeds by ants make tracking of seeds difficult. Here we describe a seed‐tracking technique for small seeds, which uses magnetic tags, developed for mark–recapture studies of fish, to track seeds after dispersal into the ant nest in temperate deciduous forests. We discuss our use of the technique as well as suggestions for improvement and other possible applications of the technique.
DOES POSSESSION OF ASSETS INCREASE WOMEN'S PARTICIPATION IN REPRODUCTIVE DECISION-MAKING? PERCEPTIONS OF NIGERIAN WOMEN
Authors: OMEJE JOACHIM C. , OSHI SARAH N. , OSHI DANIEL C. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryThis study is based on a population-based, descriptive questionnaire survey, the objective of which was to elicit the perceptions of women in south-eastern Nigeria on whether possession of economic/household assets by women enhanced their capacity to negotiate reproductive issues with their husbands. The findings show that the respondents believed that possession of economic/household assets by women in their communities might not necessarily increase their negotiation power in their reproductive decision-making. Other factors tend to attenuate the effects of women's possession of economic/household assets on their reproductive bargaining power. Notable among these may be social norms that implicitly arrogate control of the assets owned by the conjugal couple to the man, even when they are bought by the women. Planners of reproductive health intervention projects, policy-makers and researchers need to be aware of such sociocultural specific phenomena, which do not fit with widely held international beliefs.
Why Do Firms with Diversification Discounts Have Higher Expected Returns?
Authors: Mitton Todd , Vorkink Keith 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA diversified firm can trade at a discount to a matched portfolio of single-segment firms if the diversified firm has either lower expected cash flows or higher expected returns than the single-segment firms. We study whether firms with diversification discounts have higher expected returns in order to compensate investors for offering less upside potential (or skewness exposure) than focused firms. Our empirical tests support this hypothesis. First, we find that focused firms offer greater skewness exposure than diversified firms. Second, we find that diversified firms have significantly larger discounts when the diversified firm offers less skewness than matched single-segment firms. Finally, we find that up to 53% of the excess returns received on diversification-discount firms relative to diversification-premium firms can be explained by differences in exposure to skewness.
Information Quality and Stock Returns Revisited
Authors: Brevik Frode , d’Addona Stefano 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper investigates the relation between information on the state of the economy and equity risk premium. We use a setup where investors have Epstein-Zin preferences and the economy randomly switches between booms and recessions. We are able to establish 2 key results: First, investors with high elasticity of intertemporal substitution (EIS) will require lower excess returns for holding stocks if they are provided with better information on the state of the economy. Second, we find that this also holds for investors with moderate EIS if they are sufficiently risk averse.
John Stuart Mill on the Utility of Classical Greece
Authors: Preyer Robert O. 
Published: September 2010

What was the state of classical Greek studies in early Victorian Britain? The anonymous author of a series of Platonic translations-with-commentaries has this to say in the February 1834 issue of the Monthly Repository:Considering the almost boundless reputation of the writings of Plato, not only among scholars, but (upon their authority) among nearly all who have any tincture of letters, it is a remarkable fact that, of the great writers of antiquity, there is scarcely one who, in this country at least, is not merely so little understood, but so little read. Our two great ‘seats of learning’ of which no real lover of learning can ever speak but in terms of indignant disgust, bestow attention upon the various branches of classical acquirement in exactly the reverse order to that which would be observed by persons who valued the ancient authors for what is valuable in them: … with the exception of the two dialogues edited by Dr. Routh, we are aware of nothing to facilitate the study of the most gifted of Greek writers which has ever emanated from either of the two impostor-universities of England; and of die young men who have obtained university honours during the past ten years, we are much misinformed if there be six who had even looked into his writings. There are, probably, in this kingdom, not so many as a hundred persons who ever have read Plato, and not so many as twenty who ever do.’
The living dead? The construction of people with Alzheimer's disease as zombies
Authors: BEHUNIAK SUSAN M. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTIn the literature on Alzheimer's disease (AD), scholars have noted how both the disease and the people who are diagnosed as having it have been stigmatised. I argue here that the AD stigma is of a specific sort – it is dehumanisation based on disgust and terror. Although the blame for negative perceptions of people with AD has been placed on the biomedical understanding of dementia, I argue that strong negative emotional responses to AD are also buttressed by the social construction of people with AD as zombies. To illustrate this point, this paper identifies seven specific ways that the zombie metaphor is referenced in both the scholarly and popular literature on AD. This common referencing of zombies is significant as it infuses the social discourse about AD with a politics of revulsion and fear that separates and marginalises those with AD. It is in recognising the power of this zombie trope that its negative impact can be actively resisted through an emphasis of connectedness, commonality, and inter-dependency.
Managing older people's money: assisted and substitute decision making in residential aged-care
Authors: TILSE CHERYL , WILSON JILL , ROSENMAN LINDA , MORRISON DAVID , MCCAWLEY ANNE-LOUISE 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTCurrent approaches to the assessment of cognitive capacity in many jurisdictions seek to balance older people's empowerment with their protection. These approaches incorporate a presumption of capacity, a decision-specific rather than global assessment of that capacity, and an obligation to provide the support needed for adults to make or communicate their own decisions. The implication is that older people are assisted to make decisions where possible, rather than using substitute decision makers. For older people, decision making about financial matters is a contentious domain because of competing interests in their assets and concerns about risk, misuse and abuse. In residential-care settings, older people risk being characterised as dependent and vulnerable, especially in relation to decisions about financial assets. This paper reports an Australian study of the factors that facilitate and constrain residents' involvement in financial decision making in residential settings. Case studies of four aged-care facilities explored how staff interpreted the legislative and policy requirements for assisted and substitute decision making, and the factors that facilitated and constrained residents' inclusion in decisions about their finances. The observed practices reveal considerable variation in the ways that current legislation is understood and implemented, that there are limited resources for this area of practice, and that policies and practices prioritise managing risk and protecting assets rather than promoting assisted decision making.
Legalizing “Compensation” and the Spoils of War: The Russian Law on Displaced Cultural Valuables and the Manipulation of Historical Memory
Authors: Grimsted Patricia Kennedy 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis article analyses the historical and political background of the Russian law on cultural property displaced to the Soviet Union at the end of the Second World War (April 1998, with amendments in 2000). Following the 1990–1991 revelations about the extensive cultural treasures captured by Soviet authorities at the end of the Second World War, there was hope abroad for restitution, with a series of bilateral agreements with the countries of origin, but in spring 1994 the Duma blocked further restitution. We follow the fierce debates, the Constitutional Court ruling (1999), the amended law (July 2000), and its implementation under the Ministry of Culture.We show the wide-scale Russian support of the law, with its concept of “compensatory restitution” that virtually nationalizes the spoils of war, with only scant provisions for restitution to those who fought against the Nazi regime and those victimized by it. What explanation emerges involves the manipulation of historical memory by the Stalinist regime, as the cultural trophies assume symbolic importance in the “myth and memory” of “victory” in the Great Patriotic War. Restitution to legal owners is to be considered only in exchange for equally substantial compensation for wartime loss and suffering of the population at large.
Why Can't Private Art “Trophies” Go Home from the War?
Authors: Akinsha Konstantin 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis article is dedicated to the collection from the Bremen Kunsthalle, comprising 1715 drawings, 50 paintings, and about 3000 prints found by Soviet troops in castle of Karnzow near Berlin in May 1945. The collection was not seized by Soviet trophy brigades but was looted by soldiers and officers of the 38th Field Engineers' Brigade of the Red Army.After their return to the USSR and demobilization, some of the officers donated their loot to different museums around the Soviet Union. One of the most important parts of the collection, with 362 drawings and two paintings—among them works of Dürer, Rembrandt, Goya, and Van Gogh, was appropriated by Captain Viktor Baldin. In 1948 Baldin deposited his loot in the A. V. Shchusev State Research Museum of Architecture in Moscow. Later Baldin became the director of the museum and advocated return of the art to its rightful owners.Since the days of Gorbachev's perestroika, these art works have frequently attracted public attention and provoked fierce debates. The Federal Law on Cultural Valuables adopted in 1998 did not cover art works looted by private individuals. Rather, such conflicts have to be solved within the framework of Russian criminal law.In contrast, other works of art from the same Bremen Kunsthalle collection were restituted from the United States, Ukraine, and Estonia. Another 101 drawings and prints of the collection, seized by another member of Baldin's brigade, were returned from Russia to Bremen in 2000, but that was in “exchange” for an original mosaic from the legendary Amber Chamber. However, despite more than 20 years of efforts by German officials and endless negotiations, the Baldin Collection remains in the Russian Federation. The return of those stolen drawings any time soon now looks highly improbable. The case of the Baldin Collection became the most striking example of the Russian nonrestitution of cultural property looted during World War II.