bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TWO NEW SPECIES OF NEOATHYREUS HOWDEN AND MARTÍNEZ FROM COSTA RICA WITH DISTRIBUTION NOTES ON OTHER ATHYREINI FROM MEXICO AND CENTRAL AMERICA (COLEOPTERA: GEOTRUPINAE)
Authors: Howden H. F. , Gill B. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTwo new species of Neoathyreus, lyriferus and apiculatus, both from Costa Rica, are described and illustrated. New records for Mexico and Central America are listed for eight other species of Neoathyreus.
THE OVERWINTERING POTENTIAL OF TRUE ARMYWORM, PSEUDALETIA UNIPUNCTA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE), POPULATIONS IN QUEBEC
Authors: Fields Paul G. , McNeil Jeremy N. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe true armyworm, Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haw.), has no evident diapausing stage, is not freeze tolerant, shows no consistent seasonal changes in either supercooling-point values or longevity at 0 °C for different developmental stages, and did not survive when held in overwintering cages in the field. These facts support the hypothesis that this species cannot overwinter in Quebec and that the adult populations observed each spring must therefore be the result of a northerly migration from sites, such as Tennessee, where overwintering is known to occur.
ODOR-MEDIATED RESPONSES OF BEMBIDION OBTUSIDENS (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE) IN A WIND TUNNEL
Authors: Evans W. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractCyanobacterial mats of Oscillatoria spp., found in the habitat of Bembidion obtusidens, a halophilic carabid beetle, emit metabolites that act as allelochemic attractants to these insects. In a wind tunnel designed for use with small, fast-running carabid beetles, B. obtusidens adults responded to a homogeneously dispersed wind-borne mixture of these allelochemics by walking upwind. These results suggest that wind-borne metabolites of Oscillatoria spp. could act as distant chemical cues that invoke positive, odor-mediated anemotaxis in migrant B. obtusidens, enabling them to locate their habitat.
THE LARVA OFANAQUEDIUS VERNIX(COLEOPTERA: STAPHYLINIDAE)
Authors: LeSage Laurent 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe larva ofAnaquedius vernix(LeConte) is a typical quediine larva but has many distinctive morphological characteristics: tibial comb on the whole length of front tibia, not only on the apical part as in other quediine larvae; tubular organ of the third segment of the maxillary palp at the apex of the segment rather than at the base; pygopod and anal diverticula elongated and well developed, a condition probably related to the almost aquatic life habits of the larva.
DIFLUBENZURON: DIFFERENTIAL TOXICITY TO LARVAE OF THE COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) AND ITS INTERNAL PARASITE, DORYPHOROPHAGA DORYPHORAE (DIPTERA: TACHINIDAE)
Authors: Tamaki George , Chauvin R. L. , Moffitt H. R. , Mantey K. D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAn insecticide, diflubenzuron, suppressed 3rd- and 4th-instar larvae of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), with reduced effect on the tachinid parasite, Doryphorophaga doryphorae (Riley), developing within the larvae. Concentrations applied to potato foliage were 50, 100, 300, and 500 mg/L. In laboratory and greenhouse tests, parasite survival was not adversely affected when the 3rd instars were treated with 50 mg/L diflubenzuron but survival decreased to 0 and 4% at 300 and 500 mg/L. Survival and emergence of the parasite from treated 4th instars were not adversely affected at any concentration tested. Fourth-instar beetle larvae were much more tolerant of diflubenzuron than were the 3rd instars. Neither fertility nor the ability to parasitize beetle larvae was adversely affected in adult parasites emerging from treated 3rd or 4th instars. Adult beetles developing from treated larvae mated normally and laid fertile eggs. Foliage consumption by the beetle larvae decreased progressively as dosage of diflubenzuron increased but only slowly once the dosage increased beyond 100 mg/L.
SURVIVAL OF PUPAE OF MAMESTRA CONFIGURATA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) AND TWO OF ITS PARASITES IN UNTILLED AND TILLED SOIL
Authors: Turnock W. J. , Bilodeau R.J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe survival of Mamestra configurata Wlk. was determined from autumn and spring samples in 1973/74, 1980/81, and 1981/82 taken from unfilled and tilled portions of 12 fields of canola (Brassica campestris L. and B. napus L.). Survival from the pre-pupal stage in the autumn to post-diapause pupae in the spring varied from 2.9 to 56.5% in unfilled soil and from 0 to 25.4% in tilled soil. In untilled soil, the variations among fields in total mortality of M. configurata were related to parasitism by Banchus flavescens and to overwintering mortality. In tilled soil, overwintering mortality accounted for most of the variability in total mortality among fields. The percentage of mortality from injury to pupae, and their disappearance following tillage, greatly increased but this type of mortality did not account for much of the variability in total mortality. The disappearance of pupae following tillage was attributed to predation. In both untilled and tilled soils, the amount of overwintering mortality was related to the depth of accumulated snow, and mortality was lower in untilled soil because the stubble trapped more snow. The survival of M. configurata was not related to soil type, the type of tillage equipment, or the frequency of tillage. The number of adults emerging from untilled and tilled soil in one field were 2.58 and 0.27/m2 for M. configurata, 5.22 and 2.85/m2 for the parasite B. flavescens, and 4.46 and 3.60/m2 for the parasite Athrycia cinerea, indicating that the survival of the parasites was less affected by tillage than that of their host.Tillage may reduce the frequency and severity of outbreaks of M. configurata not only by increasing mortality but also by differentially affecting the survival of its main parasites.
A KEY TO THE GENUS NEARCTAPHIS (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) IN NORTH AMERICA
Authors: Robinson A. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA key is given for 13 species and two subspecies of the genus Nearctaphis in North America, including all species formerly in the genus Roepkea. The hosts, life histories, and forms for all species are poorly known and more collecting and host transfer experiments are urgently required.
WITHIN PLANT PREFERENCES OF LARVAE OF MAMESTRA CONFIGURATA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) FEEDING ON OILSEED RAPE
Authors: Bracken G. K. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe order of feeding preference on plant parts of rape (Brassica napus L.) by sixth instar (L6) larvae of bertha armyworm, Mamestra configurata Walker, in laboratory tests was leaves, bracts, immature pods, and mature pods. Field sampling showed that upper, immature pods are attacked with greater frequency than lower, more mature pods. In a greenhouse test, a slightly larger proportion of L6 larvae was recorded on inflorescences of rape plants during darkness than during light; the proportion of larvae found on the inflorescences was about 20%. Larvae pupated more quickly, formed heavier pupae, and gained more dry weight when fed exclusively from mid L4 on leaves than when fed mature or immature pods; mortality for larvae fed mature pods was 30% compared with none for larvae fed leaves or immature pods.The finding that pods are neither as preferred nor as adequate a dietary source as leaves is discussed in relation to the phenology of leaf retention of rape on the economic impact of bertha armyworm infestations.
PROGRESS TOWARDS EARLY DETECTION OF POPULATION QUALITY DIFFERENCES IN BARK BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)
Authors: Sahota T. S. , Peet F. G. , Bartels P. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSamples of the Douglas-fir bark beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopk., taken from two different segments of the infested bole were different in gallery production, egg deposition, and yolk deposition. The same two groups were distinguished by comparing fat body cell nuclei taken before the onset of the reproductive period. Techniques for comparing nuclei involved creation and analysis of digital images of nuclei. These groups were indistinguishable from each other, at that stage, by any other known method. The two groups differed in total absorbance of Fuelgen-stained nuclei (DNA content) and nuclear area. Significance of these findings is discussed in relation to early detection of reproduction-related quality differences and population dynamics of bark beetles.
FIELD EVALUATION OF CYPERMETHRIN AND CARBARYL AS SPRAYS AND BAITS FOR GRASSHOPPER (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE) CONTROL IN SASKATCHEWAN
Authors: Mukerji M. K. , Ewen Al B. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractCypermethrin and carbaryl, as both aqueous sprays and bran baits, were tested in the field as crop protection measures against third-instar grasshopper populations infesting bromegrass and alfalfa–bromegrass pastures. Application of 15 g cypermethrin/ha as a spray reduced the grasshopper populations by 97% within 120 h; 700 g carbaryl/ha as spray reduced the populations by 90% during the same period of time after application. Neither insecticide applied on bran bait sufficiently reduced populations to be useful as crop protection measures against grasshoppers.
EGG, LARVA, AND PUPA OF LEXIPHANES SAPONATUS (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE: CRYPTOCEPHALINAE)
Authors: LeSage Laurent 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe immature stages of Lexiphanes saponatus (Fabricius) are the first members of Nearctic Cryptocephalinae to be described as well as to be studied. The egg is coated with oblique ornamentations as in other Cryptocephalinae. The larva shows several resemblances with that of the Palearctic genus Suffrianus from which it is distinguished mainly by its large papillate frontal setae. The pupa resembles in general those of Chlamisinae but bears very distinctive projections on the seventh and ninth abdominal segments. The life cycle of L. saponatus is also very interesting. Unlike most other cryptocephaline larvae which live in the leaf litter and are unable to climb on plants, the larva of L. saponatus moves easily on its host plant (Cassandra calyculata) and mimics perfectly the plant buds, becoming almost invisible to the human eye. Although me information is incomplete, it is evident that L. saponatus overwinters in the larval stage, in the first or second instar. It is not known if the larva completes its development during the following warm season or overwinters twice as in other Cryptocephalinae.
AUTECOLOGY OF TWO AESHNA SPECIES (ODONATA) IN WESTERN VIRGINIA
Authors: Halverson Timothy G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAeshna tuberculifera Walker and A. umbrosa Walker were studied in the Shenandoah Mountains, Rockingham County, Virginia for 5 years. Both species had 2-year life cycles. They passed the first winter in an embryonic diapause and the second in a larval diapause. Although A. umbrosa was slightly smaller and developed earlier in the year, growth patterns of the two species were similar. Adults emerged from mid-summer to mid-fall with a slight protandry. Sex ratio at emergence was equal in A. tuberculifera but slightly biased toward males in A. umbrosa. Individuals emerging later in the season tended to be smaller than those emerging earlier, and the decline in size was linear over time. The maturation period lasted 4–6 weeks. Poor recovery of marked teneral and breeding adults indicates either high mortality or high dispersal, but observed movement among ponds by marked breeding adults suggests high dispersal. Breeding males of both species defended entire ponds for short periods. Both males and females were present more frequently in the afternoon than during the morning or at mid-day. Females often oviposited in the late afternoon or early evening when males were usually absent from the ponds. A. tuberculifera used stems of Juncus effusus L. almost exclusively for oviposition, while A. umbrosa used a variety of dead plant or other material and rarely used J. effusus stems.
DISPERSION AND SEASONAL ACTIVITY OF THE PALES WEEVIL, HYLOBIUS PALES (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE), IN MICHIGAN CHRISTMAS TREE PLANTATIONS
Authors: Corneil Jeffrey A. , Wilson Louis F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAdult weevils were tracked in four Michigan Christmas tree plantations using a capture–recapture method. About 40% of 886 marked weevils were recaptured, some as many as 11 times. All weevils were recaptured in the plots in which they had originally been captured, suggesting that weevils disperse slowly in plantations having favorable conditions for weevil growth and reproduction. Weevils congregated near fresh stumps in the spring, and moved to nearby trees in the summer. They rested beneath the trees during the day and climbed on the trees at night. They can be controlled with chemicals and, in some cases, cultural practices.
PERFORMANCE OF THE ALFALFA BLOTCH LEAFMINER, AGROMYZA FRONTELLA (DIPTERA: AGROMYZIDAE), ON FOUR ALFALFA VARIETIES
Authors: Drolet Jacques , McNeil Jeremy N. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractUnder laboratory conditions adult feeding, ovipositional preference, daily fecundity and longevity, as well as larval and pupal development time and survival of the alfalfa blotch leafminer, were compared on Anchor, Vernal, Iroquois, and Saranac varieties of alfalfa. Although some significant differences were noted, no constant trends were evident when considering all parameters, and rmax values for A. frontella (Rondani) on the four varieties tested were very similar.Data from field plots confirmed that intervarietal differences of the varieties tested were not of sufficient magnitude to markedly affect the population dynamics of this pest species.
THE EFFECT OF HOST DENSITY ON EGG DISTRIBUTION BY THE SOLITARY PARASITOID APHIDIUS NIGRIPES (HYMENOPTERA: APHIDIIDAE)
Authors: Cloutier Conrad 
Published: December 2009

AbstractEgg distribution by the solitary parasitoid Aphidius nigripes was studied experimentally at 14 densities of the host aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae. The number of hosts parasitized increased with host density, the functional response being of Holling's type II. However the average number of eggs/female was not significantly affected by host density, and consequently superparasitism increased with decreasing host density. When egg distributions were tested against random models, higher than predicted numbers of both unparasitized and superparasitized hosts were observed at all densities tested. Further analysis assuming random search suggested that female A. nigripes tend to deposit several eggs per host while experiencing a low rate of encounter with hosts. The ecological significance of this behaviour is examined.
HOST ASSOCIATIONS, PHENOTYPIC VARIATION, AND MATING COMPATIBILITY OF CHORISTONEURA OCCIDENTALS AND C. RETINIANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) POPULATIONS IN SOUTH-CENTRAL OREGON
Authors: Volney W. Jan A. , Liebhold Andrew M. , Waters William E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBrown larval morphs, diagnostic of Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, and green larval morphs, diagnostic of C. retiniana (Walsingham), were found on both Douglas-fir and white fir in mixed stands in south-central Oregon. The rank proportion of brown morphs in stands was strongly correlated with the rank proportion of Douglas-fir in host species basal area component. Despite considerable overlap in most phenotypic characters, differences in phenotypic frequencies between sympatric green and brown morphs were found in larval head capsule pigmentation, thoracic shield pigmentation, pupal coloration, and adult forewing ground color. In laboratory matings, neither larval host nor larval color morph influenced the mating success, as assessed by the production of viable eggs. Crosses between females reared from brown larval morphs and males from green morphs produced a slightly lower proportion of viable eggs when compared with intramorph matings. Larval host had little effect on either the fecundity of females or the viability of their progeny. Females reared from brown larval morphs produced significantly more eggs than their green counterparts from the same stand. The occurrence of intermediates in all mixed stands and the production of families with anomalous morph frequencies indicate that these two species hybridize in nature. The lack of much structural differentiation and varying efficacy of reproductive barriers indicate that relatively little differentiation of the regulatory genome has occurred between these two species.
EVALUATION OF CROSS-ATTRACTION BETWEEN SYMPATRIC CHORISTONEURA OCCIDENTALIS AND C. RETINIANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) POPULATIONS IN SOUTH-CENTRAL OREGON
Authors: Liebhold Andrew M. , Volney W. Jan A. , Waters William E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe pheromone specificity of female Choristoneura occcidentalis Freeman and C. retiniana (Walsingham) from several locales, laboratory colonies, and interspecific matings was determined by observing the numbers and wing maculations of males attracted at several sites in southern Oregon. Pheromone specificity of females reared from field-collected brown (typical of C. occidentalis) and green (typical of C. retiniana) larval morphs differed considerably but differed little among sites of origin. Field-collected females attracted more males than conspecific individuals from laboratory colonies. F1 and F2 interspecific hybrids most closely resembled C. occidentalis in the numbers and types of males attracted. As a group, progeny of backcrosses to C. retiniana appeared intermediate between pure lines of the species in their pheromone specificity. Females reared from intermediate-colored field-collected larvae varied considerably in attractiveness. Most attracted groups of males similar to those attracted to female C. retiniana, but others attracted males most similar to those attracted to female progeny of C. retiniana hybrid backcrosses. These findings support the conclusion that hybrid matings occur between these species at a low frequency in nature.
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON OVIPOSITION, FEEDING, AND LONGEVITY OF LIRIOMYZA TRIFOLII (DIPTERA: AGROMYZIDAE)
Authors: Parrella Michael P. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe effect of selected constant temperatures (15.6°, 21.1°, 26.7°, 32.2°, 37.8 °C) on oviposition, feeding, and longevity of Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) was examined in the laboratory with chrysanthemum, Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat, as a host plant. There was no significant difference in total feeding at 21.1°, 26.7°, and 32.2 °C nor was there significant difference in egg deposition at these temperatures. The ratio egg deposition: feeding was significantly larger at 26.7 °C. Longevity was similar (12–16 days) at all temperatures except 37.8 °C where it was reduced to ca. 3 days. The effect of temperature was more pronounced when feeding and oviposition were analyzed per day. Maximum feeding occurred at 32.2 °C while significantly more oviposition was found at 26.7 °C. An estimate of the threshold temperature for oviposition was 12.2 °C which was higher than that observed experimentally (10 °C). Ninety percent of oviposition occurred with 550°D of adult female life (above base 10 °C).
POPULATION DYNAMICS OF THE CABBAGE APHID, BREVICORYNE BRASSICAE (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) AT VANCOUVER, BRITISH COLUMBIA: IV. PREDATION BY APHIDOLETES APHIDIMYZA (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE)
Authors: Raworth D. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPredation of the cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (L.), by the cecidomyiid Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Rond.) was studied in the laboratory and the field. Predation was random with respect to aphid instar, and predation rate was constant with respect to aphid density. A. aphidimyza consumed 1.7 times more aphids in the laboratory than in the field during larval development. When aphid weight and age distribution were accounted for, it was found that the same biomass, 2.14 mg, was eaten in both cases.The pupal developmental temperature threshold for A. aphidimyza was 9.2 °C. The developmental times of the egg, larval and pupal stages, and complete life cycle were 32°, 66°, 171°, and 283°D9.2. In the field, there was at least 5 times more food available on individual leaves than was necessary for larval development, suggesting that female A. aphidimyza took care to place their eggs where there was sufficient food for larval development.The numerical response of A. aphidimyza to aphid density was calculated using sample data from three field plots. The response between plots was not statistically different.The implications of using prey weight rather than number to measure predator consumption, and biological control of aphids by A. aphidimyza, are discussed.
MULTITROPHIC MODELS OF PREDATOR–PREY ENERGETICS: II. A REALISTIC MODEL OF PLANT–HERBIVORE–PARASITOID–PREDATOR INTERACTIONS
Authors: Gutierrez A. P. , Baumgaertner J. U. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAn energy-flow multitrophic-level model incorporating acquisition (functional response) and assimilation (metabolic pool model) functions and stochastic development is proposed and put into historical perspective. The model is general for each trophic level and for all subcomponents. Prey demand drives the functional response model, while food supply–demand determines all intrinsic rates in the model. The model is used to explore the theoretical properties of a multitrophic system comprising alfalfa, blue aphids, pea aphids, a host-specific parasitoid, and two predators (lady beetles, green lacewings). The model shows:(1) the importance of the resource base on higher trophic level dynamics and vice versa(2) the stability properties of different combinations of species(3) the role of parasitoids and predators in population regulation in this system(4) how food acquisition and respiration as functions of temperature and per capita resource interact to determine the rate of population growth(5) that extreme caution must be used in extrapolating theoretical results to field situations.
EFFECT OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS VAR. ISRAELENSIS ON A GENETICALLY-DEFINED POPULATION OF BLACK FLIES (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE) AND ASSOCIATED INSECTS IN A MONTANE NEW HAMPSHIRE STREAM
Authors: Pistrang Lawrence A. , Burger John F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA small, undisturbed stream in central New Hampshire was treated for 1 min with a 10 ppm suspension of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (B.t.i.) to determine the effect on an outlet-breeding black fly population and associated nontarget aquatic insects. The black fly larval population was eliminated and susbsequent adult black fly biting activity reduced near the treatment site although weather conditions may also have contributed to an observed decrease in biting activity. Some Chironomidae were killed by B.t.i. but they were not abundant enough to adequately assess impact on their populations. Temporary increases in the drift of two Ephemeroptera and two Trichoptera species were observed following treatment. Increase in rate of drift was inversely related to increase in distance from the treatment point. Slight increases in observed drift of three Plecoptera species could not be attributed directly to the B.t.i. treatment. No direct mortality caused by B.t.i. was observed in any stream insects studied except black fly larvae and some Chironomidae.
FIELD RESPONSE OF THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), TO DOSAGE AND VOLUME RATES OF COMMERCIAL BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS
Authors: Morris O. N. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThuricide and Dipel, formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.), were applied aerially against the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), in forest stands of balsam fir, Abies balsamea L. A dosage of 30 Billion International Units (BIU) of B.t./ha applied in 2.4 to 4.7 L of spray/ha was most effective. Application of 20 BIU/ha was marginally effective against a population of 12 to 36 larvae/45 cm of branch.