bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contextual factors in the implementation of the family support program A Healthy School Start in three municipalities in Sweden
Authors: Annerstedt Kristi Sidney , Kwak Lydia , Andermo Susanne , Patterson Emma , Norman Åsa , Raposo Sara , Stattin Nouha Saleh , Elinder Liselotte Schäfer 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
Effective implementation and sustainability of evidence-based public health interventions is vital to reducing the burden of chronic diseases. Suboptimal implementation due to contextual barriers reduce effectiveness and can be difficult to identify and predict. The aim of this study was to investigate the change in readiness and implementation outcomes of school staff implementing the universal family support program A Healthy School Start pre- and post-intervention in three municipalities in Sweden.
Methods:
Embedded in a hybrid type 3 implementation-effectiveness trial, validated questionnaires were used to assess readiness and implementation outcomes (acceptability, appropriateness, feasibility) at two time points. Data was collected from 39 school principals (implementation leader), 72 teachers (providing a classroom component to children) and 39 school nurses (providing a health talk with parents) between September 2021 – May 2023. A summative score was created for the outcomes. Median and interquartile ranges (IQR) were presented.
Results: Readiness scores of all personnel were positively correlated with the acceptability (0.66), appropriateness (0.70), and feasibility (0.71) pre-intervention scores in the municipalities. Three distinct patterns were found in the implementation outcomes in the municipalities (M). In M1, all three implementation outcomes were high pre-intervention (16 IQR:14-19, 16 IQR:15-18, 16 IQR:14-18). Post-intervention acceptability and feasibility significantly decreased (12.5 IQR:9-17 and 15 IQR:9-17). In M2, implementation outcomes were low (12 IQR:10-16, 12.5 IQR:10-16.5, and 12 IQR:8-16) pre-intervention and remained low post-intervention. In M3, all three outcomes were high pre-intervention (16 IQR:14-18, 16 IQR:14-18, 16 IQR:13.5-17.5) and remained unchanged. School personnel in M3 experienced higher readiness and acceptability (53%) than in M1 (45%) and M2 (23%). School nurses scored lower (p=0.059) than principals and teachers regarding their perception of the feasibility of the program both pre- and post- implementation.
Conclusion: This study provides useful insights into the implementation of a new school-based family support program in three municipalities. Further studies are needed to identify factors at school and municipality level which may have influenced the school personnel’s readiness to implement the program. A combined pre-implementation assessment of readiness, and acceptability, appropriateness and feasibility could be one way to identify organizations which are not yet ready to adopt a new program.
Trial registration: Registered prospectively at ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04984421, registered July 30, 2021
Geographic distribution of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) uropathogens and social vulnerability and pollution
Authors: Tamas Vanessa , Bialostozky Mario , Nguyen Margaret 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background Children are vulnerable to poor health outcomes from pollution exposure and pollution can adversely affect urinary health. Geospatial analysis has demonstrated extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) uropathogen clusters at a community level, and further analysis has the potential identify any associated geographic, social vulnerability, or environmental risk factors.Methods Urine cultures, from children aged < 18 years from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2018, obtained from a tertiary pediatric emergency department and its affiliated urgent care center were screened for inclusion. Urine cultures with a valid geocoded address were aggregated into census tracts. The primary outcome for this study was the proportion of positive ESBL uropathogens of all the ESBL-capable uropathogens by unit of the census tract. We used Anselin Local Moran’s I statistic to assess spatial clusters and spatial outliers. Social vulnerability index and pollution indicators were used to characterize locations with and without clustering.Results Of the 6,529-culture confirmed UTIs, 251 (3.8%) were ESBL positive. We identified high clusters (n = 4, p-value ≤ 0.05) and high outliers (n = 10, p-value < 0.05) within metro and rural eastern San Diego County. Census tracts with ESBL uropathogens had higher scores across all themes of social vulnerability and had increased pollution exposure.Conclusions ESBL uropathogens exist in distinct clusters within San Diego County and the census tracts with ESBL uropathogens demonstrate increased social vulnerability and experience greater air pollution. This study is limited by specific patient-level analysis.
Abca4 inhibition in the cone-rich rodent Psammomys obesus leads to Stargardts Disease type 1-like retinal degeneration
Authors: Sassone Fabiana , Estay-Ahumada Cathy , Roux Michel J. , Ciocca Dominique , Rossolillo Paola , Birling Marie-Christine , Sparrow Janet R. , Montenegro Diego , Hicks David 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Mutations in the gene ABCA4 coding for photoreceptor-specific ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 4, are responsible for Stargardts Disease type 1 (STGD1), the most common form of inherited macular degeneration. STGD1 typically declares early in life and leads to severe visual handicap. Abca4 gene deletion mouse models of STGD1 accumulate lipofuscin, a hallmark of the disease, but unlike the human disease show no or only moderate structural changes and no functional decline. The human macula is highly enriched in cones, and reasoning that the low cone percentage in mice retinas (<3%) might compromise faithful modelling of human maculopathies, we performed sub-retinal injections of CRISPR/Cas9-abca4 Adeno-Associated Virus constructs into young Sand Rats (Psammomys obesus), a diurnal rodent containing >30% cones. Compared to control injections of AAV-abca4-GFP, treated eyes exhibited extensive retinal degeneration by two months. Sanger sequencing of the CRISPR targeted sequence show a clear edition of Abca4 gene. Non-invasive fundus imaging showed widespread photoreceptor loss, confirmed by ocular coherence tomography. Functional recording by single flash and flicker electroretinography showed significant decline in photopic (cone) light responses. Post-mortem real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry and western blotting showed significant decrease of cone-specific (MW cone opsin) but not rod-specific (rhodopsin) markers. Transmission electron microscopy showed large numbers of lipid inclusions in treated but not control retinal pigmented epithelium. Finally, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography analysis of whole P. obesus eyes showed the presence of all-trans retinal-dimer, not detected in rod-rich rat eyes. In conclusion, Abca4 knockout in P. obesus results in a predominantly cone degeneration phenotype, more accurately reflecting the etiology of human STGD1, and should be valuable for characterizing pathogenic pathways and exploring treatment options.
Ethically informed urban planning: measuring distributive spatial justice for neighbourhood accessibility
Authors: Nelson Ruth , Warnier Martijn , Verma Trivik 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Studies in accessibility have advanced our understanding of social and spatial inequalities in the distribution of urban resources in cities worldwide. In response, prominent discourse is shifting to embed justice in urban planning. However, the operationalisation of metrics of distributive spatial justice linked to specific ethical principles at the neighbourhood scale are still lacking. In this work, we propose a reproducible framework that measures distributive spatial justice at the neighbourhood scale based on specific ethical principles of Equality, Utilitarianism and Rawls’ Egalitarianism. We evaluate neighbourhood accessibility to opportunities (places of employment) in cities located in the Netherlands, Mexico and South Africa employing urban network models integrating transportation, land use, and street networks created from open-source data. Across the cases and ethical perspectives, we find that justice is mediated by a neighbourhood's proximity to local mixed land use for shorter commuting times. Whereas for longer commutes, justice is dependent on a neighbourhood's access to the Central Business District of each region, through transportation infrastructure. Our findings underscore the scale, contextual and value-reliant nature of distributive spatial justice. This framework offers a means to support ethically informed urban planning and facilitate comparative urban analysis revealing universal and/or context-specific factors contributing to spatial justice.
Deep Learning-based Automated Identification of Knee Arthroplasty Implants
Authors: Gong Zibo , He Xiaoxin , He Ming , Fu Xinzhe , Fu Yonghui 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background: A critical step in preoperative planning for revision knee arthroplasty is the identification of the failed implant. The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate the performance of deep learning methods based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) to detect and identify specific knee arthroplasty models.
Methods: In this study, we propose a novel deep learning-based approach to identify knee arthroplasty implants’ design using both anterior-posterior (AP) and lateral images. We harness the pre-trained ResNet50 CNN model and employ transfer learning methods to adapt the model for implants identification task using a total of 1814 radiographs of 8 different knee arthroplasty implant designs. Performance was compared with operative note and crosschecked with implant sheets. We also evaluate the difference of performance of models trained with AP images, lateral images or both.
Results: The training and validation data sets were comprised of 907 AP and 907 lateral view radiographs across 733 patients and included 8 knee arthroplasty implants from 5 leading implant manufactures. After 1000 training epochs the model classified 8 implant models with very high accuracy. Our results showed that jointly using AP images and lateral images improved the classification accuracy of the CNN model.
Conclusion: CNN can accurately distinguish between specific knee arthroplasty designs. This technology could offer a useful adjunct to the surgeon in preoperative identification of the prior implant. Furthermore, using both AP images and lateral images to train the CNN is more effective than using images from only one perspective.
The INFLUENCE 3.0 model: updated predictions of locoregional recurrence and contralateral breast cancer, now also suitable for patients treated with neoadjuvant systemic therapy
Authors: Maaren MC van , Hueting TA , Uden DJP van , Hezewijk M van , de Munck L , Mureau MAM , Seegers PA , Voorham QJM , Schmidt MK , Sonke GS , Groothuis-Oudshoorn CGM , Siesling S , group NABOR project 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Individual risk prediction of 5-year locoregional recurrence (LRR) and contralateral breast cancer (CBC) supports decisions regarding personalised surveillance. The previously developed INFLUENCE tool was rebuild, including a recent population and patients who received neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST).
Methods
Women, surgically treated for nonmetastatic breast cancer, diagnosed between 2012-2016, were selected from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Cox regression with restricted cubic splines was compared to Random Survival Forest (RSF) to predict five-year LRR and CBC risks. Separate models were developed for NST patients. Discrimination and calibration were assessed by 100x bootstrap resampling.
Results
In the non-NST and NST group, 49,631 and 10,154 patients were included, respectively. Age, mode of detection, histology, sublocalisation, grade, pT, pN, hormonal receptor status±endocrine treatment, HER2 status±targeted treatment, surgery±immediate reconstruction±radiation therapy, and chemotherapy were significant predictors for LRR and/or CBC in non-NST patients. For NST patients this was similar, but excluding (y)pT and (y)pN status, and including presence of ductal carcinoma in situ, axillary lymph node dissection and pathologic complete response.
For non-NST patients, the Cox and RSF models were integrated in the online tool with 5-year AUCs of 0.77 (95%CI:0.77-0.77) and 0.68 (95%CI:0.67-0.68)] for LRR and CBC prediction, respectively. For NST patients, the RSF model performed best (AUCs 0.77 (95%CI:0.76-0.78) and 0.73 (95%CI:0.69-0.76) for LRR and CBC, respectively). Regarding calibration, observed-predicted differences were all <1%.
Conclusion
This INFLUENCE 3.0 models showed moderate performance in LRR and CBC prediction. The models have been made available as online tool to enable clinical decision support regarding personalised follow-up.
The Relationship between Mindfulness, Psychological Flexibility, and Symptom Severity in Persons with Schizophrenia-Spectrum-Disorders – a Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Hahne Inge , Segerer Julia , Zierhut Marco , Bergmann Niklas , Ta Thi Minh Tam , Hahn Eric , Böge Kerem 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) in enhancing mental well-being and reducing positive, negative, and depressive symptoms in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) has been demonstrated by a growing body of evidence. However, the underlying mechanisms of MBIs still need further examination. Psychological flexibility (PF), generally assessed by cognitive fusion, has been shown to be associated with clinical change in MBIs. This study used a cross-sectional design to investigate the interplay of mindfulness, PF, and symptom severity in SSD. In total, N = 94 individuals with SSD were included. Correlation and mediation analyses were performed using PROCESS analysis with positive, negative, and depressive symptom severity as outcome variables, measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21), respectively. Findings indicated that mindfulness was significantly negatively correlated with positive and depressive symptoms, as well as significantly positively related to PF. A significant mediating effect of PF was found for the relationship between mindfulness and negative as well as depressive symptoms. The current study supports previous research about PF as a possible mechanism of action in MBIs. Still, future research using longitudinal designs, more fine-grained analyses, and mixed-method approaches regarding assessment tools are warranted.
Diaphite: diamond-graphene hybrid nanostructures grown in CH4/H2/N2 chemistry
Authors: Sodisetti Venkateswara Rao , Bhattacharyya Somnath 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Here, we demonstrate the deposition of Diaphitic domains (diamond-graphene composite nanostructure) in a hydrogen (H2)-rich plasma gas chemistry. The distinct structural characteristics formed within ultra-nanocrystalline diamond (UNCD) films, with varying nitrogen (N2) concentrations in the gas mixture from 5% to 20%, were examined using a combination of electron microscopy and diffraction methods. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements indicated the formation of an average diamond grain size of ∼ 5 nm. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) revealed the presence of five-fold, six-fold and twelve-fold symmetry features, along with a forbidden {200} crystallographic reflection associated with the Diaphite structure in the UNCD films. These hybrid features, which combine elements of both diamond and graphene, were observed in both 5% and 10% N2-doped UNCD films and are the result of the interface between sp3 and sp2 domains, where sp3 grains are covalently bonded with sp2 grains.The emergence of these unconventional features in artificially grown diamonds is linked to nitrogen doping and secondary nucleation initiated by H2, leading to non-equilibrium growth conditions that potentially induce polymorphism in the diamond.Our discoveries offer insights into the creation of structural defects that are correlated with N2 doping in a plasma mixture of CH4/H2, thus enabling the development of novel nanodiamond structures through regulated doping.
Haploid Regeneration System Suitable for Various Genotypes of Thin-Skinned Melons
Authors: Li Man , Hou Yaxin , Luo Xianyang , Zhang Haxiang , Zhou FUuxuan , Xie zhao , Hu zongwei , RAN JIAJUN , Zhu Shidong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Cucumis melo ssp. agrestis is a vital crop in the Cucurbitaceae family. Traditional breeding has been the primary method, but prolonged artificial selection has led to a gradual decline in the genetic diversity of thin-skinned sweet melon. An efficient induction system for thin-skinned sweet melon haploids has been established to innovate germplasm resources. Initially, unfertilized ovules treated with low temperature are peeled and inoculated onto the callus induction medium (CIM) for 2 days of dark culture, followed by 30 days of culture under subdued light to induce callus formation. Subsequently, the callus tissue is transferred to a proliferation medium (PM) and cultured under intense light until green cells and bud differentiation occur. Finally, rooting induction medium (RIM) induces rooting to form complete plants. Through validation with eight genotypes of disease-resistant thin-skinned sweet melon, this method exhibits a haploid induction rate of 12.26%, a diploid induction rate of 54.72%, and a tetraploid induction rate of 33.02%. Incorporating molecular marker-assisted breeding techniques, we have developed usable plants resistant to powdery mildew, downy mildew, and frost mold.
PLCXD2 expression relates to the immune microenvironment and prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Han Liang , Tang Mingming , Zhang Zihao , Xu Xinjiang , Chen Qingwen , Wei Yingze , Qian Hongyan , Wu Hao 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective — Despite the advances in oncology, the prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) patients remains dismal. In this study, we aimed to determine the relevance of PLCXD2 expression in the tumor microenvironment to the HNSC patient clinicopathological features.
Methods — Gene expression analysis and multicolor immunofluorescence histochemistry with HNSC tissuemicroarrays were conducted to examine the relation between PLCXD2 expression and patient outcomes. Additionally, Spearman correlation analysis was used to assess the relationship between PLCXD2 protein expression and tumor immune infiltrating cells (TIICs), as well as immune checkpoints (PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4) in HNSC tissue, while Chi-square test and Cox proportional-hazards models were employed to validate the correlation between PLCXD2 protein levels and clinicopathological characteristics with patient survival.
Results — Our findings revealed higher PLCXD2 expression in HNSC tissue compared to control benign tissues. Additionally, we observed a distinct association between the presence of PLCXD2 protein in cancer nests and various TIICs, including CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, dendritic cells, as well as CTLA-4+ cells in HNSC tissues. Furthermore, we demonstrated a correlation between PLCXD2 protein expression in cancer cells and advanced TNM stage, as well as a poorer prognosis.
Conclusion — Taken together, this study supports PLCXD2 as an independent prognostic marker and a potentially promising target for immunotherapy in HNSC.
Construction of breast cancer-related gene prognostic signature in endometrial cancer
Authors: Xu Junling , Zhang Hualing , Qin Xiaochen , Zhang Kaili , He Tianjiao , Ma Xiaoyi , Su Yun , Che Yanci 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective
Breast cancer (BC) and endometrial cancer (EC) both originate from sex hormone-dependent organs, yet their interaction mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to explore the common genetic and molecular characteristics between BC and EC, predicting their potential roles in EC treatment and prognosis evaluation.
Methods
Data on BC and EC were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TCGA) and the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) databases. Differential expression analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were conducted to identify shared genes. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed on the shared genes. Single-factor Cox analysis, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, and multivariate Cox regression were employed to identify potential breast cancer-related genes (BCRGs), and a prognostic risk scoring system was developed. Additionally, we examined the relationship between risk groups and clinicopathological features, immune infiltration, tumor mutation burden, and drug sensitivity.
Results
A total of 367 breast cancer-related DEGs were identified in EC, and 113 potentially prognostic DEGs were screened. From these, 11 key BCRGs significantly associated with the overall survival rate of EC patients were identified. Patients in the low-risk group exhibited longer overall survival (OS) compared to those in the high-risk group. Additionally, significant differences in clinical characteristics, tumor immune cell infiltration, somatic mutations, and drug sensitivity were observed between risk groups, with the low-risk group showing a higher likelihood of benefiting from immunotherapy.
Conclusion
The risk score established in this study demonstrates prognostic ability, potentially aiding in identifying patients who may benefit from immunotherapy and targeted therapy after breast cancer diagnosis.
Trend of the causes of neonatal deaths in Northwest China, 2016-2020: a multi- center study of clinical outcomes
Authors: Yang Xue , Wang Baozhu , Yu Xiping , Zhang Juan , Yang Jiaomei 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Although the rates of neonatal deaths has declined, the number of neonatal deaths is still high in China. The aim of this study was to explore the trend and distribution of neonatal mortality in Northwest China. In this multi-center prospective observation study, all neonates who were hospitalized between January 2016 and December 2020 were included. Data on livebirths were extracted from medical records. Linear trend test was used to explore the trend of neonatal mortality rate. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to analyze the distribution of the causes of neonatal deaths between different populations. We included 73,967 admissions and identified 420 neonatal deaths during the study period. The neonatal mortality rate was 0.57%, with the highest of 0.74% in 2017 and the lowest of 0.39% in 2020. The main causes of death were neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS, 23.8%), birth asphyxia (19.8%), neonatal septicemia (19.3%), and congenital anomalies (13.6%). The proportion of NRDS in the causes of neonatal deaths significantly decreased (p = 0.037), while birth asphyxia shown a non-significant growing trend, with the highest percentage of 32.7% in 2020. Further analysis showed that cesarean delivery (OR = 1.75; 95% CI, 1.00-3.05) and primigravida (OR = 1.77; 95% CI, 1.03–3.05) were significantly associated with an increased occurred of neonates died of birth asphyxia in the causes of deaths compared to vaginal delivery and multigravida, respectively. These findings highlight the critical need to focus on birth asphyxia within public health policies. Efforts to enhanced antenatal care and expanding neonatal intensive care units should be considered as an essential components of a long-term prevention strategy to mitigate preventable neonatal mortality in Northwest China.