bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison of patient ratings and staff ratings of disability using the World Health Organisation Disability Assessment Schedule in individuals with psychotic spectrum disorders who are forensic psychiatric inpatients
Authors: Källman Malin V. , Hedlund‐Lindberg Mathilde , Kristiansson Marianne , Johansson Anette G. M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundPsychosocial rehabilitation in forensic psychiatric services requires sound measurement of patient and staff perceptions of psychosocial function. The recommended World Health Organisation Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS), designed for this, has not been examined with offender patients.AimsTo examine patient and staff WHODAS ratings of secure hospital inpatients with psychosis, any differences between them and explore associations with other clinical factors.MethodsSeventy‐three patients self‐rated on the WHODAS after 3 months as inpatients. An occupational therapist interviewed the patient's primary nurse and care team at about the same time (staff ratings). Scores were calculated according to the WHODAS manual. WHODAS scores and interview‐rated symptom severity, cognitive measures, daily antipsychotic dose and duration of care were compared.ResultsPatient ratings indicated less disability than staff ratings for total score and for the domains of understanding and communicating, getting along and life activities. Self‐care and participation ratings were similar. Patients were more likely to rate themselves as disabled in getting around (mobility). Only one‐fifth of patient‐ and staff‐ ratings (16, 22%) were similar, while for nearly a third of the patients (23, 32%) self‐ratings were higher than staff ratings. More severe positive symptoms were associated with higher self‐rated WHODAS disability after accounting for treatment duration, negative symptoms, cognitive score and antipsychotic dose. No variable accounted for the staff/patient differences in ratings.ConclusionOur mean WHODAS score findings echoed those in other patient samples—of patient underestimation of disability, linked to severity of symptoms. In this study using the WHODAS for the first time in a forensic mental health secure inpatient service, however, we found that, by comparing individuals, half of the patients reported equivalent or greater disability than did staff. Future research should focus on elucidating from patients what contributes to their self‐ratings. Understanding their thought processes in rating may enhance rehabilitation planning.
A qualitative approach to understanding the drivers of unequal receipt of definitive therapy for Black men with prostate cancer in Massachusetts
Authors: Labban Muhieddine , Stone Benjamin V. , Steele Grant L. , Salinas Kevin E. , Agudile Emeka , Katz Mark H. , Rihan‐Porter Nancy , Reich Amanda J. , Cole Alexander P. , Landers Stewart , Trinh Quoc‐Dien 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundDespite mandated insurance coverage since 2006 and robust health infrastructure in urban settings with high concentrations of minority patients, race‐based disparities in prostate cancer (PCa) treatment persist in Massachusetts. In this qualitative study, the authors sought to identify factors driving inequities in PCa treatment in Massachusetts.MethodsFour hospitals offering PCa treatment in Massachusetts were selected using a case‐mix approach. Purposive sampling was used to conduct semistructured interviews with hospital stakeholders. Additional interviews were conducted with representatives from grassroots organizations providing PCa education. Two study staff coded the interviews to identify major themes and recurrent patterns.ResultsOf the 35 informants invited, 25 participated in the study. Although national disparities in PCa outcomes were readily discussed, one half of the informants were unaware that PCa disparities existed in Massachusetts. Informants and grassroots organization representatives acknowledged that patients with PCa are willing to face transportation barriers to receive treatment from trusted and accommodating institutions. Except for chief equity officers, most health care providers lacked knowledge on accessing or using metrics regarding racial disparities in cancer outcomes. Although community outreach was recognized as a potential strategy to reduce treatment disparities and engender trust, informants were often unable to provide a clear implementation plan.ConclusionsThis statewide qualitative study builds on existing quantitative data on the nature and extent of disparities. It highlights knowledge gaps in recognizing and addressing racial disparities in PCa treatment in Massachusetts. Improved provider awareness, the use of disparity metrics, and strategic community engagement may ensure equitable access to PCa treatment.Plain Language Summary

Despite mandated insurance and urban health care access, racial disparities in prostate cancer treatment persist in Massachusetts.
This qualitative study revealed that, although national disparities were acknowledged, awareness about local disparities are lacking.
Stakeholders highlighted the importance of ancillary services, including translators, rideshares, and navigators, in the delivery of care.
In addition, whereas hospital stakeholders were aware of collected equity outcomes, they were unsure whether and who is monitoring equity metrics.
Furthermore, stakeholders agreed that community outreach showed promise in ensuring equitable access to prostate cancer treatment.
Nevertheless, most interviewed stakeholders lacked clear implementation plans.
Clinical utility of comprehensive liquid molecular profiling in patients with advanced endometrial cancer
Authors: Blanc‐Durand Félix , Camilleri Geraldine M. , Bayle Arnaud , Aldea Mihaela , Vasseur Damien , Ouali Kaissa , Michels Judith , Pautier Patricia , Nicotra Claudio , Ngo‐Camus Maud , Lacroix Ludovic , Rouleau Etienne , Ponce‐Aix Santiago , Italiano Antoine , Leary Alexandra 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundMolecular characterization has significantly improved the management of advanced endometrial cancer (EC). It distinguishes four molecular subclasses associated with prognosis and personalized therapeutic strategies. This study assesses the clinical utility of cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) profiling in EC to identify targetable alterations.MethodsWomen with metastatic or recurrent EC were prospectively recruited within the framework of the STING trial (NCT04932525), during which cfDNA was analyzed. Genomic alterations were identified with the FoundationOne CDx assay. Each molecular report underwent review by a molecular tumor board. Alterations were categorized via the European Society of Medical Oncology Scale for Clinical Actionability of Molecular Targets (ESCAT).ResultsA total of 61 patients were enrolled. The median age was 66.9 years, with 43% presenting frontline metastatic disease. All histologic subgroups were represented. Notably, 89% of patients yielded informative cfDNA analysis. Six tumors were classified with deficient mismatch repair/microsatellite instability (11%) and 37 as TP53 gene mutant (67%), and 12 had nonspecific molecular profiles (22%). Molecular classification based on liquid biopsy showed 87.5% accuracy in correlating with tissue results. Moreover, 65% of cases exhibited ≥1 actionable alteration, including 25% ESCAT I alterations and 13% ESCAT II alterations. Consequently, 16% of patients received a molecularly matched therapy, and presented with a 56% response rate and median progression‐free survival of 7.7 months.ConclusionscfDNA sequencing in EC is a feasible approach that produces informative results in 89% of cases and accurately categorizes patients into the main molecular subclasses. It also reveals multiple actionable alterations, which offers the potential for personalized therapeutic strategies.
The association between social vulnerability and geriatric assessment impairments among older adults with gastrointestinal cancers—The CARE Registry
Authors: Fowler Mackenzie E. , Harmon Christian , Tucker Abigail , Sharafeldin Noha , Oates Gabriela , Baker Elizabeth , Nassel Ariann , Giri Smith , Williams Grant R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundOlder adults comprise the majority of patients with gastrointestinal (GI) cancer. Geriatric assessments (GAs) are recommended for older adults with cancer in part to detect aging‐related impairments (e.g., frailty) associated with early mortality. Social factors like social vulnerability may also influence aging‐related impairments. However, the association between social vulnerability and aging outcomes among older adults with cancer is understudied.MethodsThe authors included 908 older adults aged 60 years and older who were recently diagnosed with GI cancer undergoing GA at their first prechemotherapy visit to the University of Alabama at Birmingham oncology clinic. The primary exposure of interest was the social vulnerability index (SVI). Outcomes were frailty (frail vs. robust/prefrail) and total number of GA impairments (range, 0–13). The authors examined the association between SVI and outcomes using Poisson regression with robust variance estimation and generalized estimating equations.ResultsThe median age at GA was 69 years (interquartile range, 64–75 years), 58.2% of patients were male, 22.6% were non‐Hispanic Black, 29.1% had colorectal cancer, 28.2% had pancreatic cancer, and 70.3% had stage III/IV disease. Adjusting for age, sex, cancer type, and disease stage, each decile increase in the SVI was associated with an 8% higher prevalence of frailty (prevalence ratio, 1.08; 95% confidence interval, 1.05–1.11) and a 4% higher average count of total GA impairments (risk ratio, 1.04; 95% confidence interval, 1.02–1.06). The results were attenuated after further adjustment for race and education.ConclusionsGreater social vulnerability was associated with a higher prevalence of frailty and an increasing average number of GA impairments among older adults with GI cancers before systemic treatment. Intervening on social vulnerability may be a target for improving the risk of frailty and GA impairments, but associations of race and education should be further evaluated.
Alcohol intake and endogenous sex hormones in women: Meta‐analysis of cohort studies and Mendelian randomization
Authors: Tin Tin Sandar , Smith‐Byrne Karl , Ferrari Pietro , Rinaldi Sabina , McCullough Marjorie L. , Teras Lauren R. , Manjer Jonas , Giles Graham , Le Marchand Loïc , Haiman Christopher A. , Wilkens Lynne R. , Chen Yu , Hankinson Sue , Tworoger Shelley , Eliassen A. Heather , Willett Walter C. , Ziegler Regina G. , Fuhrman Barbara J. , Sieri Sabina , Agnoli Claudia , Cauley Jane , Menon Usha , Fourkala Evangelia Ourania , Rohan Thomas E. , Kaaks Rudolf , Reeves Gillian K. , Key Timothy J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe mechanisms underlying alcohol‐induced breast carcinogenesis are not fully understood but may involve hormonal changes.MethodsCross‐sectional associations were investigated between self‐reported alcohol intake and serum or plasma concentrations of estradiol, estrone, progesterone (in premenopausal women only), testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) in 45 431 premenopausal and 173 476 postmenopausal women. Multivariable linear regression was performed separately for UK Biobank, European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition, and Endogenous Hormones and Breast Cancer Collaborative Group, and meta‐analyzed the results. For testosterone and SHBG, we also conducted Mendelian randomization and colocalization using the ADH1B (alcohol dehydrogenase 1B) variant (rs1229984).ResultsAlcohol intake was positively, though weakly, associated with all hormones (except progesterone in premenopausal women), with increments in concentrations per 10 g/day increment in alcohol intake ranging from 1.7% for luteal estradiol to 6.6% for postmenopausal dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. There was an inverse association of alcohol with SHBG in postmenopausal women but a small positive association in premenopausal women. Two‐sample randomization identified positive associations of alcohol intake with total testosterone (difference per 10 g/day increment: 4.1%; 95% CI, 0.6–7.6) and free testosterone (7.8%; 4.1–11.5), and an inverse association with SHBG (–8.1%; –11.3% to –4.9%). Colocalization suggested a shared causal locus at ADH1B between alcohol intake and higher free testosterone and lower SHBG (posterior probability for H4, 0.81 and 0.97, respectively).ConclusionsAlcohol intake was associated with small increases in sex hormone concentrations, including bioavailable fractions, which may contribute to its effect on breast cancer risk.
Somatostatin receptor 2A expression in von Hippel‐Lindau–related hemangioblastomas
Authors: Ahmad Saya , Muhlebner Angelika , Snijders Tom J. , de Leng Wendy W. , Seute Tatjana , van Leeuwaarde Rachel S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundCentral nervous system hemangioblastomas are the most prevalent manifestation of von Hippel‐Lindau (VHL) disease and remain the main cause of mortality. Surgical resection is the primary treatment strategy, but is not always possible, and should be used as restrictively as possible. There is an unmet need for less invasive treatment strategies, such as targeted therapy. Expression of somatostatin receptor 2A (SSTR2A) in VHL‐related hemangioblastomas has been described earlier, but the extent of expression in a larger population has yet to be determined. The authors hypothesize that a substantial subset of VHL‐related hemangioblastomas show SSTR2A expression, which may serve as a potential new treatment target.MethodsPatients who were surgically treated for a VHL‐related hemangioblastoma from 1990 until 2021 at the UMC Utrecht were included. Clinical data was derived from a clinical database. Tissue samples were histopathologically examined with use of hematoxylin and eosin staining, and immunohistochemical analysis of SSTR2A expression was performed.ResultsForty‐three tissue samples were obtained from 26 patients. Nine showed strong positivity for SSTR2A expression, whereas 13 showed moderate and 15 sparse expression. Three samples showed no expression of SSTR2A. The distribution showed right‐skewedness favoring a strong expression. SSTR2A expression colocalized with endothelial markers and not with stromal cells. Additionally, within‐patient variability for SSTR2A expression was described in 14 patients.ConclusionSSTR2A is expressed in varying degrees in the majority of VHL‐related hemangioblastomas. Future treatment with somatostatin analogues or even peptide receptor radionuclide treatment may be considered for SSTR2A‐positive cases.
An isolated bidirectional interleaved converter with coupled inductors and active clamp for energy storage systems
Authors: Tseng Kuo‐Ching , Hsiung Hsin‐Yuan , Huang Guan‐Yu 
Published: June 2024

SummaryA high conversion gain, isolated bidirectional converter for energy storage system is presented. Two coupled inductors stored energy and reduced the current ripple in low‐voltage side. Two coupled inductors are combined with the transformer can increase the voltage conversion ratio and achieve galvanic isolation. Additionally, the energy of the leakage inductance can be recycled into an active clamp capacitor to reduce voltage spikes on the switches. In the high‐voltage side, a voltage‐doubler circuit is used to extend the voltage gain. Finally, the prototype circuit 24 V on the low‐voltage side, 400 V on the high‐voltage side and a rated power of 1 kW is implemented to verify the feasibility of the proposed topology. The experimental results show that the maximum efficiencies in the step‐up and step‐down modes are 97.29% and 96.1% respectively, and the measured full‐load efficiencies are, respectively, 96.62% and 95.68%.
Time In Tight Range in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: A cross‐sectional observational single centre study evaluating efficacy of new advanced technologies
Authors: Schiaffini Riccardo , Lumaca Alessandra , Martino Mariangela , Rapini Novella , Deodati Annalisa , Amodeo Maria Elisa , Ciampalini Paolo , Matteoli Maria Cristina , Pampanini Valentina , Cianfarani Stefano 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionEarly and tight glycaemic control is crucial to prevent long‐term complications of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). The aim of our study was to compare glucose metrics, including Time In Tight Range (TITR), in a real‐world setting.MethodsWe performed a single‐centre cross‐sectional study in 534 children and adolescents with T1D. Participants were divided into four groups (multiple daily injections + real‐time Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), multiple daily injections + intermittently scanned CGM, sensor augmented pump (SAP), and Advanced Hybrid Closed‐Loop (AHCL). Demographical and clinical data were collected and analysed.ResultsThe group with AHCL showed significantly higher Time In Range (TIR) (71.31% ± 10.88) than SAP (57.82% ± 14.98; p < 0.001), MDI + rtCGM (54.56% ± 17.04; p < 0.001) and MDI + isCGM (52.17% ± 19.36; p < 0.001) groups with a lower Time Above Range (p < 0.001). The group with AHCL also showed lower Time Below Range than MDI + isCGM and SAP groups (p < 0.01). The overall TITR was 37% ± 14 with 19% of participants who reached a TITR ≥50% with a mean TIR of 81%. AHCL had significantly higher TITR (45.46% ± 11.77) than SAP (36.25% ± 13.53; p < 0.001), MDI + rtCGM (34.03% ± 13.89; p < 0.001) and MDI + isCGM (33.37% ± 15.84; p < 0.001) groups with a lower Coefficient of Variation (p < 0.001).ConclusionsOur study indicates that AHCL ensures a better glycaemic control with an improvement in both TIR and TITR, along with a reduction in CV. Implementation of automated insulin delivery systems should be considered in the treatment of children and adolescents with T1D.
Epigenetic regulation of innate lymphoid cells
Authors: Sun Hanxiao , Qiu Jinxin , Qiu Ju 
Published: June 2024

AbstractInnate lymphoid cells (ILCs) lack antigen‐specific receptors and are considered the innate arm of the immune system, phenotypically and functionally mirroring CD4+ helper T cells. ILCs are categorized into groups 1, 2, and 3 based on transcription factors and cytokine expression. ILCs predominantly reside in mucosal tissues and play important roles in regional immune responses. The development and function of ILC subsets are controlled by both transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms, which have been extensively studied in recent years. Epigenetic regulation refers to inheritable changes in gene expression that occur without affecting DNA sequences. This mainly includes chromatin status, histone modifications, and DNA methylation. In this review, we summarize recent discoveries on epigenetic mechanisms regulating ILC development and function, and how these regulations affect disease progression under pathological conditions. Although the ablation of specific epigenetic regulators can cause global changes in corresponding epigenetic modifications to the chromatin, only partial genes with altered epigenetic modifications change their mRNA expression, resulting in specific outcomes in cell differentiation and function. Therefore, elucidating epigenetic mechanisms underlying the regulation of ILCs will provide potential targets for the diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory diseases.
A real‐life study of daratumumab combinations in newly diagnosed patients with light chain (AL) amyloidosis
Authors: Bellofiore Claudia , Benvenuti Pietro , Mina Roberto , Basset Marco , Foli Andrea , Nanci Martina , Nuvolone Mario , Guida Gianluigi , Attanasio Andrea , Mussinelli Roberta , Mangiacavalli Silvia , Cartia Claudio Salvatore , Masoni Valeria , Palumbo Michele , Cani Lorenzo , Oliva Stefania , Consoli Ugo , Conticello Concetta , Di Raimondo Francesco , Arcaini Luca , Bringhen Sara , Merlini Giampaolo , Palladini Giovanni , Milani Paolo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDaratumumab‐based regimens are the new standard of care for newly diagnosed patients with AL amyloidosis based on the results of the ANDROMEDA study. However, real‐world data on daratumumab efficacy in upfront therapy in unselected patients are scanty. In the framework of a prospective observational study, we investigated the efficacy and safety of daratumumab in 88 newly diagnosed patients, including subjects with IIIb cardiac stage (26%) or myeloma defining events (29%). Daratumumab was administered with bortezomib in 50 (56%) patients, lenalidomide in 31 (35%), and monotherapy in 7 (8%). The rate of serious adverse events was low (16%). The overall hematologic response rate was 75% with 52 (59%) patients attaining at least a very good partial response (VGPR) at six months. Amongst patients evaluable for organ response, the rate of cardiac and renal responses at 6 months was 31% and 21%, respectively. Comparing stage IIIb patients with the remaining ones, the rate of profound hematologic response was not significantly different (≥VGPR 57% vs. 59%, p 0.955) likewise the rate of cardiac (33% vs. 30%, p 0.340) and renal (40% vs. 16%, p 0.908) responses. Daratumumab‐based regimens demonstrated to be safe and effective in treatment‐naïve AL amyloidosis even in advanced stage disease.
Systemic mechanism of Panax noteginseng saponins in antiaging based on network pharmacology combined with experimental validation
Authors: Zhao Yang‐Yang , Yang Li‐Xia , Que Shuang‐Yu , An Lei‐Xing , Teeti Abeer A. , Xiao Shun‐Wu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the systemic mechanism of Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) in antiaging using network pharmacology combined with experimental validation. String database and Cytoscape3.7.2 were used to perform the protein–protein interaction (PPI) and construct genes network. The key target genes were analyzed using gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Then, the aging‐related genes were verified by reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction in SAM‐P/8 mice, and performed molecular docking with the main components of PNS. Moreover, it produced cluster between Hub genes and differential genes. A total of 169 crossover genes were obtained, and the results of GO and KEGG indicated that the antiaging effect of PNS was mediated by apoptosis, cancer, and neurodegeneration and that five of the eight Hub genes had good binding activity with the main components of PNS. In addition, animal experiments reported that MAP2, MAPKK4, RAB6A, and Sortilin‐1 have different levels of expression in the brain tissues of aging mice, and bind well docking with the main active components of PNS. However, there was no crossover between the 169 PNS intersecting genes and the four differential genes, while they yielded a link from PPI in which MAP2K4 was only linked to AKT1 and CASP3; MAP2 was only linked to AKT1 and CASP3; RAB6A was only linked to AKT1; but Sortlin‐1 did not link to the Hub genes. In summary, the antiaging effect of PNS is associated with the eight Hub genes and four differential genes. All of them consist of a cluster or group that is possibly related to the antiaging effect of PNS.