bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Matching sender and receiver: poikilothermy and frequency tuning in a tree cricket
Authors: Mhatre Natasha , Bhattacharya Monisha , Robert Daniel , Balakrishnan Rohini 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYAnimals communicate in non-ideal and noisy conditions. The primary method they use to improve communication efficiency is sender-receiver matching: the receiver's sensory mechanism filters the impinging signal based on the expected signal. In the context of acoustic communication in crickets, such a match is made in the frequency domain. The males broadcast a mate attraction signal, the calling song, in a narrow frequency band centred on the carrier frequency (CF), and the females are most sensitive to sound close to this frequency. In tree crickets, however, the CF changes with temperature. The mechanisms used by female tree crickets to accommodate this change in CF were investigated at the behavioural and biomechanical level. At the behavioural level, female tree crickets were broadly tuned and responded equally to CFs produced within the naturally occurring range of temperatures (18 to 27°C). To allow such a broad response, however, the transduction mechanisms that convert sound into mechanical and then neural signals must also have a broad response. The tympana of the female tree crickets exhibited a frequency response that was even broader than suggested by the behaviour. Their tympana vibrate with equal amplitude to frequencies spanning nearly an order of magnitude. Such a flat frequency response is unusual in biological systems and cannot be modelled as a simple mechanical system. This feature of the tree cricket auditory system not only has interesting implications for mate choice and species isolation but may also prove exciting for bio-mimetic applications such as the design of miniature low frequency microphones.
Delayed risk stratification, to include the response to initial treatment (surgery and radioiodine ablation), has better outcome predictivity in differentiated thyroid cancer patients
Authors: Castagna Maria Grazia , Maino Fabio , Cipri Claudia , Belardini Valentina , Theodoropoulou Alexandra , Cevenini Gabriele , Pacini Furio 
Published: July 2011

IntroductionAfter initial treatment, differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients are stratified as low and high risk based on clinical/pathological features. Recently, a risk stratification based on additional clinical data accumulated during follow-up has been proposed.ObjectiveTo evaluate the predictive value of delayed risk stratification (DRS) obtained at the time of the first diagnostic control (8–12 months after initial treatment).MethodsWe reviewed 512 patients with DTC whose risk assessment was initially defined according to the American (ATA) and European Thyroid Association (ETA) guidelines. At the time of the first control, 8–12 months after initial treatment, patients were re-stratified according to their clinical status: DRS.ResultsUsing DRS, about 50% of ATA/ETA intermediate/high-risk patients moved to DRS low-risk category, while about 10% of ATA/ETA low-risk patients moved to DRS high-risk category. The ability of the DRS to predict the final outcome was superior to that of ATA and ETA. Positive and negative predictive values for both ATA (39.2 and 90.6% respectively) and ETA (38.4 and 91.3% respectively) were significantly lower than that observed with the DRS (72.8 and 96.3% respectively,P<0.05). The observed variance in predicting final outcome was 25.4% for ATA, 19.1% for ETA, and 62.1% for DRS.ConclusionsDelaying the risk stratification of DTC patients at a time when the response to surgery and radioiodine ablation is evident allows to better define individual risk and to better modulate the subsequent follow-up.
UNC-73/Trio RhoGEF-2 Activity Modulates Caenorhabditis elegans Motility Through Changes in Neurotransmitter Signaling Upstream of the GSA-1/Gαs Pathway
Authors: Hu Shuang , Pawson Tony , Steven Robert M 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Rho-family GTPases play regulatory roles in many fundamental cellular processes. Caenorhabditis elegansUNC-73 RhoGEF isoforms function in axon guidance, cell migration, muscle arm extension, phagocytosis, and neurotransmission by activating either Rac or Rho GTPase subfamilies. Multiple differentially expressed UNC-73 isoforms contain a Rac-specific RhoGEF-1 domain, a Rho-specific RhoGEF-2 domain, or both domains. The UNC-73E RhoGEF-2 isoform is activated by the G-protein subunit Gαq and is required for normal rates of locomotion; however, mechanisms of UNC-73 and Rho pathway regulation of locomotion are not clear. To better define UNC-73 function in the regulation of motility we used cell-specific and inducible promoters to examine the temporal and spatial requirements of UNC-73 RhoGEF-2 isoform function in mutant rescue experiments. We found that UNC-73E acts within peptidergic neurons of mature animals to regulate locomotion rate. Although unc-73 RhoGEF-2 mutants have grossly normal synaptic morphology and weak resistance to the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor aldicarb, they are significantly hypersensitive to the acetylcholine receptor agonist levamisole, indicating alterations in acetylcholine neurotransmitter signaling. Consistent with peptidergic neuron function, unc-73 RhoGEF-2 mutants exhibit a decreased level of neuropeptide release from motor neuron dense core vesicles (DCVs). The unc-73 locomotory phenotype is similar to those of rab-2 and unc-31, genes with distinct roles in the DCV-mediated secretory pathway. We observed that constitutively active Gαs pathway mutations, which compensate for DCV-mediated signaling defects, rescue unc-73 RhoGEF-2 and rab-2 lethargic movement phenotypes. Together, these data suggest UNC-73 RhoGEF-2 isoforms are required for proper neurotransmitter signaling and may function in the DCV-mediated neuromodulatory regulation of locomotion rate.
Clinician-Driven Reanalysis of Exome Sequencing Data From Patients With Inherited Retinal Diseases
Authors: Surl Dongheon , Won Dongju , Lee Seung-Tae , Lee Christopher Seungkyu , Lee Junwon , Lim Hyun Taek , Chung Seung Ah , Song Won Kyung , Kim Min , Kim Sung Soo , Shin Saeam , Choi Jong Rak , Sangermano Riccardo , Byeon Suk Ho , Bujakowska Kinga M. , Han Jinu 
Published: May 2024

ImportanceDespite advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS), a significant proportion of patients with inherited retinal disease (IRD) remain undiagnosed after initial genetic testing. Exome sequencing (ES) reanalysis in the clinical setting has been suggested as one method for improving diagnosis of IRD.ObjectiveTo investigate the association of clinician-led reanalysis of ES data, which incorporates updated clinical information and comprehensive bioinformatic analysis, with the diagnostic yield in a cohort of patients with IRDs in Korea.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a multicenter prospective cohort study involving 264 unrelated patients with IRDs, conducted in Korea between March 2018 and February 2020. Comprehensive ophthalmologic examinations and ES analyses were performed, and ES data were reanalyzed by an IRD specialist for single nucleotide variants, copy number variants, mobile element insertions, and mitochondrial variants. Data were analyzed from March to July 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresDiagnostic rate of conventional bioinformatic analysis and clinician-driven ES reanalysis.ResultsA total of 264 participants (151 [57.2%] male; mean [SD] age at genetic testing, 33.6 [18.9] years) were enrolled, including 129 patients (48.9%) with retinitis pigmentosa and 26 patients (9.8%) with Stargardt disease or macular dystrophy. Initial bioinformatic analysis diagnosed 166 patients (62.9%). Clinician-driven reanalysis identified the molecular cause of diseases in an additional 22 patients, corresponding to an 8.3–percentage point increase in diagnostic rate. Key factors associated with new molecular diagnoses included clinical phenotype updates (4 patients) and detection of previously overlooked variation, such as structural variants (9 patients), mitochondrial variants (3 patients), filtered or not captured variants (4 patients), and noncanonical splicing variants (2 patients). Among the 22 patients, variants in 7 patients (31.8%) were observed in the initial analysis but not reported to patients, while those in the remaining 15 patients (68.2%) were newly detected by the ES reanalysis.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, clinician-centered reanalysis of ES data was associated with improved molecular diagnostic yields in patients with IRD. This approach is important for uncovering missed genetic causes of retinal disease.
Large‐Language‐Model‐Based AI Agent for Organic Semiconductor Device Research
Authors: Zhang Qian , Hu Yongxu , Yan Jiaxin , Zhang Hengyue , Xie Xinyi , Zhu Jie , Li Huchao , Niu Xinxin , Li Liqiang , Sun Yajing , Hu Wenping 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLarge language models (LLMs) have attracted widespread attention recently, however, their application in specialized scientific fields still requires deep adaptation. Here, an artificial intelligence (AI) agent for organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) is designed by integrating the generative pre‐trained transformer 4 (GPT‐4) model with well‐trained machine learning (ML) algorithms. It can efficiently extract the experimental parameters of OFETs from scientific literature and reshape them into a structured database, achieving precision and recall rates both exceeding 92%. Combined with well‐trained ML models, this AI agent can further provide targeted guidance and suggestions for device design. With prompt engineering and human‐in‐loop strategies, the agent extracts sufficient information of 709 OFETs from 277 research articles across different publishers and gathers them into a standardized database containing more than 10 000 device parameters. Using this database, a ML model based on Extreme Gradient Boosting is trained for device performance judgment. Combined with the interpretation of the high‐precision model, the agent has provided a feasible optimization scheme that has tripled the charge transport properties of 2,6‐diphenyldithieno[3,2‐b:2′,3′‐d]thiophene OFETs. This work is an effective practice of LLMs in the field of organic optoelectronic devices and expands the research paradigm of organic optoelectronic materials and devices.
Underwater Quick‐Hardening Vegetable Oil‐Based Biodegradable Putty for Sustainable Coral Reef Restoration and Rehabilitation
Authors: Zych Arkadiusz , Contardi Marco , Rinaldi Camilla , Scribano Vincenzo , Isa Valerio , Kossyvaki Despoina , Gobbato Jacopo , Ceseracciu Luca , Lavorano Silvia , Galli Paolo , Athanassiou Athanassia , Montano Simone 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCoral reefs are threatened by climate change and the effects of human activity on the marine environment. Researchers are attempting to rescue this fragile ecosystem through coral restoration actions, and a common step in these procedures is transplanting the new coral colonies into coral reefs. To do that, commercial concrete or epoxy resins, also called putty, are utilized, highlighting different concerns about their mechanical and hardening performances and their impact and fate once released into the environment. Hence, this study presents a new biodegradable epoxidized soybean oil acrylate (ESOA)/zein‐based coral putty capable of quick hardening underwater as an ecofriendly alternative for transplantation of new coral colonies in the reef. Coral putty is composed of two components, containing one a radical initiator and the other a radical accelerator. Once the two components are mixed, coral putty becomes hard underwater in 20–25 min, showing a hardening timescale much faster than other commercial products. The coral putty is biocompatible when applied to the coral Stylophora pistillata in aquaria and Acropora tenuis corals are out‐planted on the reef in the Maldives, demonstrating how this new class of vegetable‐oil‐based materials can be a more sustainable alternative to epoxy resins commonly used in coral restoration procedures.
Homochiral metalated tetraphenylethylene‐based organic cages: Unusual chiral and luminescent behavior depending on thermodynamic and kinetic aggregation
Authors: Zhang Hao‐Jie , Lai Ya‐Liang , Yang Hu , Zhou Xian‐Chao , Yuan Zi‐Jun , Deng Li , Hu Xiao‐Lan , Li Xue , Zhou Xiao‐Ping , Li Dan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractChirality and luminescence are important for both chemistry and biology, which are highly influenced by aggregation. In this work, a pair of metalated tetraphenylethylene(TPE)‐based organic cage enantiomers are reported, which feature a quadrangular prismatic cage structure. These homochiral cages exhibit concentration‐dependent chiral behaviors alongside a propensity for thermodynamic aggregation. Aggregation caused quench effect is found for these cages accompanying the increasing of the concentrations. When a poor solvent is added to produce a kinetical aggregation, the aggregation‐annihilation circular dichroism and aggregation‐induced emission behaviors are observed for these enantiomeric cages. By comparing these observations with the photophysical behaviors of a pair of structurally similar organic molecular enantiomers, the unique photophysical properties observed are intricately linked to the metal‐integrated TPE‐functionalized cage structures.
Efficient Synthesis of 2‐Aryl‐4H‐Benzo[d][1,3]Oxazin‐4‐Ones by Copper‐Catalyzed Decarboxylation of α‐Keto Acids with Anthranilic Acids
Authors: Yan Jiaqi , Yang Zhiyong , Guo Jing , Xue Qiuyan , Chen Ping 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAn efficient and facile one‐pot approach to the 2‐aryl‐4H‐benzo[d][1,3]oxazin‐4‐ones using the commercially available anthranilic acids and α‐keto acids as start materials, and catalyzed by inexpensive CuCl. With this strategy, a broad substrate concerning anthranilic acids and α‐keto acids also worked well, affording the desired products in good yields.
Manipulation of the Myc Interactome to Enhance Nerve Regeneration in a Murine Model
Authors: Poitras Trevor M. , Komirishetty Prashanth , Areti Aparna , Larouche Matt , Krishnan Anand , Chandrasekhar Ambika , Munchrath Easton , Zochodne Douglas W. 
Published: May 2024

ObjectiveThis study was undertaken to explore manipulation of the Myc protein interactome, members of an oncogene group, in enhancing the intrinsic growth of injured peripheral adult postmitotic neurons and the nerves they supply. New approaches to enhance adult neuron growth properties are a key strategy in improving nerve regeneration.MethodsExpression and impact of Myc interactome members c‐Myc, N‐Myc, Mad1, and Max were evaluated within naive and “preconditioned” adult sensory neurons and Schwann cells (SCs), using siRNA and transfection of CRISPR/Cas9 or luciferase reporter in vitro. Morphological, behavioral, and electrophysiological indices of nerve regeneration were analyzed in vivo.Resultsc‐Myc, N‐Myc, Max, and Mad were expressed in adult sensory neurons and in partnering SCs. In vitro knockdown (KD) of either Mad1 or Max, competitive inhibitors of Myc, unleashed heightened neurite outgrowth in both naive uninjured or preconditioned adult neurons. In contrast, KD or inhibition of both isoforms of Myc was required to suppress growth. In SCs, Mad1 KD not only enhanced migratory behavior but also conditioned increased outgrowth in separately cultured adult sensory neurons. In vivo, local Mad1 KD improved electrophysiological, behavioral, and structural indices of nerve regeneration out to 60 days of follow‐up.InterpretationMembers of the Myc interactome, specifically Mad1, are novel targets for improving nerve regeneration. Unleashing of Myc growth signaling through Mad1 KD enhances the regrowth of both peripheral neurons and SCs to facilitate better regrowth of nerves. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:216–230
The Howard‐Harvard effect: Institutional reproduction of intersectional inequalities
Authors: Kozlowski Diego , Monroe‐White Thema , Larivière Vincent , Sugimoto Cassidy R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe production of research and faculty in the US higher education system is concentrated within a few institutions. Concentration of research and resources affects minoritized scholars and the topics with which they are disproportionately associated. This paper examines topical alignment between institutions and authors of varying intersectional identities, and the relationship between research topics and identities with institutional prestige and scientific impact. Our results show statistically significant differences between minoritized scholars and White men in citations and journal impact. The aggregate research profile of prestigious US universities is highly correlated with the research profile of White men, and negatively correlated with the research profile of minoritized women. Furthermore, authors affiliated with more prestigious institutions are associated with increasing inequalities in both citations and journal impact. These results suggest a relationship—which we coin as the Howard‐Harvard effect—in which the topical profile of minoritized scholars is further marginalized in prestigious institutions as compared to mission‐driven institutions. Academic institutions and funders should create policies to mitigate the systemic barriers that prevent the United States from achieving a fully robust scientific ecosystem.
Engineering FeOOH/Fe2O3@Carbon Interfaces With Biomass‐Derived Carbon Nanodot/Iron Colloids for Efficient Redox‐Modulated Dopamine Voltammetric Detection
Authors: Guye Meseret Ethiopia , Appiah‐Ntiamoah Richard , Dabaro Mintesinot Dessalegn , Kim Hern 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe Fe2+/Fe3+ redox couple is effective for voltammetric detection of trace dopamine (DA). However, achieving adequate concentrations with high electroactive surface area (ECSA), DA affinity, and fast interfacial charge transfer is challenging. Consequently, most reported Fe‐based sensors have a high nanomolar range detection limit (LOD). Herein, we address these limitations by manipulating the phase and morphology of FeOOH/Fe2O3 heterojunctions anchored on sp2‐carbon. FeOOH/Fe2O3 is synthesized by variable temperature aging of unique Fe5H9O15/Fe2O3@sp2‐carbon colloidal nanoparticles, which form via chelation between biomass‐derived carbon nanodots (CNDs) and Fe2+ ions. At 27 °C and 120 °C, Fe5H9O15/Fe2O3@sp2‐carbon transforms into β‐FeOOH/Fe2O3 nanoparticles and α‐FeOOH/Fe2O3 nanosheet, respectively. The β‐FeOOH/Fe2O3 interface exhibits higher eg orbital electron occupancy than α‐FeOOH/Fe2O3, thereby facilitating oxygen adsorption and the generation of Fe2+/Fe3+ sites near the polarization potential of DA. This facilitates interfacial electron transfer between Fe3+ and DA. Moreover, its nanoparticle morphology enhances ECSA and DA adsorption compared to α‐FeOOH/Fe2O3 nanosheets. With a LOD of ~3.11 nM, β‐FeOOH/Fe2O3 surpasses the lower threshold in humans (~10 nM) and matches noble‐metal sensors. Furthermore, it exhibits selective detection of DA over 10 biochemicals in urine. Therefore, the β‐FeOOH/Fe2O3@sp2‐C platform holds promise as a low‐cost, easy‐to‐synthesize, and practical voltammetric DA monitor.
Bifunctional Mn‐Fe Oxide Catalysts for Zn‐Air Battery Air Electrodes Fabricated Through Atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: Labbe Matthew , Clark Michael P. , Cadien Ken , Ivey Douglas G. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractZinc‐air batteries (ZABs) are one of many energy storage technologies that can help integrate renewable energy into the power grid. A key developmental goal for ZABs is replacing the precious metal catalysts at the air electrode with more abundant and inexpensive materials. In this work, a MnFexOy bifunctional catalyst is directly deposited on a ZAB air electrode using atomic layer deposition (ALD). With ALD, the atomic composition of the air electrode coating can be finely tuned based on catalytic activity. Characterization through electron microscopy, photoelectron spectroscopy and diffraction techniques indicate that the novel ALD film deposits as a nanocrystalline (Mn,Fe)3O4 cubic spinel. The mixed oxide catalyst outperforms its individual binary MnOx or FeOx constituents, operating at 52.5 % bifunctional efficiency at 20 mA cm−2. Moreover, the long term stability of the ALD catalyst is showcased by 600 h (1565 cycles) of ZAB cycling at 10 mA cm−2. The efficiency retention of the bifunctional transition metal oxide catalyst is superior to a precious metal benchmark of Pt−Ru−C, with 84.7 % efficiency retention after more than 1500 cycles versus only 66.2 % retention for the precious metal catalyst. The ALD technique enables deep penetration of catalyst material into the air electrode structure, improving the cycling behaviour.
Effect of body mass index and cholesterol‐rich apolipoprotein‐B‐containing lipoproteins on clinical outcome in NSCLC patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors‐based therapy: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Hu Zixin , Zheng Yumin , Zheng Jiabin , Wang Yan , Liao Jiangquan , Liu Zhening , Li Jia , Cui Huijuan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesObesity and hypercholesterolemia are linked to unfavor clinical outcomes. Recent studies declared the paradox that high body mass index (BMI) and serum cholesterol were independently connected to better clinical outcome of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) monotherapy in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The aim of the study is to investigate the prognosis of BMI and serum cholesterol in ICIs‐based therapy.MethodsThis is a retrospective study of 95 NSCLC patients treated with ICIs‐based therapy at the Department of Oncology and Lung Cancer Center of China‐Japan Friendship Hospital. Treatment efficacy was assessed using durable clinical benefit (DCB) versus nondurable benefit (NDB), best response (active vs. nonactive), and progression‐free survival (PFS). The prognostic value of BMI, LDL‐C, and RC was determined by multivariate regression analyses, while controlling for confounding factors including age, gender, diabetes status, smoking history, and statin usage. BMI was considered a confounding factor in the analysis when examining the impact of lipoproteins.ResultsIn our study, we found that in the whole group, BMI ≥25 kg/m2 was linked to a higher risk of poor therapeutic response (OR = 5.92, 95% CI 1.99–19.51, p.val = 0.002) and shorter progression‐free survival (HR = 3.00, 95% CI 1.59–5.68, p.val = 0.001). In addition, low levels of RC were associated with better therapeutic response (OR = 0.12, 95% CI 0.02–0.64, p.val = 0.019), while low levels of serum LDL‐C were found to predict longer PFS (HR = 0.40, 95% CI 0.19–0.82, p.val = 0.012). These associations were consistent in advanced NSCLC patients receiving ICIs and chemotherapy.ConclusionsOur study suggest that BMI ≥25 kg/m2 and elevated levels of apoB‐containing lipoproteins, including LDL‐C and RC, could potentially serve as useful prognostic markers for predicting poor treatment outcomes in advanced NSCLC patients treated with the combination of chemotherapy and ICIs.