bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain metastases in patients with pleural mesothelioma receiving dual checkpoint blockade compared to single-agent checkpoint blockade or chemotherapy.
Authors: Stalker Margaret , Walker Suzanne , Lebow Emily S. , Anderson Evan P. , Roshkovan Leonid , Katz Sharyn I. , Litzky Leslie , Haas Andrew R. , Singhal Sunil , Langer Corey J. , Cengel Keith A. , Marmarelis Melina Elpi 
Published: June 2024

e20093 Background: Immunotherapy (IO) has emerged as a treatment option in pleural mesothelioma (PM). Historically, brain metastases (BM) in PM were rare, thus brain imaging is not routine practice or included in guidelines. We characterize the incidence of BMs by type of treatment received. Methods: In this retrospective analysis,adult patients with PM treated at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania between 1/1/2015- 8/31/2023 were included. Patient demographic data, treatment, brain imaging and clinical history were extracted from the electronic medical record.A two-tailed Z score with alpha 0.05 was used to determine a difference in proportion of patients with BM by treatment group. Results: 290 patients were included in the study. 154 (53.1%) were treated with chemotherapy (CT), 94 (32.4%) were treated with pembrolizumab (pembro), 39 (13.4%) were treated with ipilimumab + nivolumab (ipi/nivo), and 3 (1.0%) were treated with another IO. A higher proportion of patients treated with ipi/nivo developed BM compared to those treated with pembro alone (4/39, 10.3% vs 2/94, 2.1%; Z score p= 0.038). None of the 154 patients treated with CT developed BM. All BMs were detected due to symptoms. Of the six patients that developed BM, the median age was 72.5 (range 47-80), 83% were male, 67% identified as Caucasian, and there was an even distribution of histology with 33% each of epithelioid, biphasic, and sarcomatoid. All patients received IO most recently or were currently on it when BM developed. Median time to BM from start of immunotherapy was 144.5 days (range 2-913 days). On imaging, all 6 patients had edema surrounding the brain metastases and 4 also showed hemorrhage. Survival after development of BM was poor (Table1). Four patients (67%) underwent surgery for the BM, while all patients received brain radiation. Two patients received whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT), while four patients received stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) to a median of four brain metastases (range 1-7). Three patients developed subsequent intracranial progression (out-of-field) including one with rapid intracranial progression 20 days post-radiation. Conclusions: In this large retrospective study of patients with PM treated with systemic therapy, BM was most prevalent in those patients receiving ipi/nivo compared to pembro alone and not seen in those receiving chemotherapy. The presence of edema suggests a possible immune infiltrate while on IO (correlative studies in progress). Brain imaging should be considered prior to starting IO in patients with PM. [Table: see text]
Helical tomotherapy was superior to intensity-modulated radiation therapy in hippocampal avoidance prophylactic cranial irradiation in patients with limited-stage small-cell lung cancer.
Authors: Lu Shuangqing , Gong Guanzhong , Liu Haoyu , Tian Yaru , Li Wanhu , Zhou Jingrun , Niu Jiling , Zhu Hui 
Published: June 2024

e20099 Background: Hippocampal avoidance (HA) techniques have been developed to reduce the risk of neurocognitive dysfunction associated with prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) in patients with limited-stage small-cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC). However, applying different radiotherapy techniques to HA has not yet been further analyzed. This study discussed the dosimetric differences between intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and helical tomotherapy (TOMO) in HA-PCI and analyzed the benefit of the dosimetric advantage in the risk of brain metastasis (BM) from a clinical perspective. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated patients who underwent PCI from June 2020 to December 2021 at Shandong Cancer Hospital. They were divided according to hippocampal avoidance and radiotherapy techniques: IMRT without HA (non-HA-IMRT), HA-IMRT, and HA-TOMO. The cumulative incidence of BM, target coverage (TC), homogeneity index (HI), conformity index (CI), and hippocampal doses of these radiotherapy programs were evaluated. Results: One hundred seventy-two patients were included in the analysis: 56, 78, and 38 patients in the non-HA-IMRT, HA-TOMO, and HA-IMRT groups, respectively. The 2-year cumulative incidence of BM was 31.4% in patients with HA (78 patients in the HA-TOMO group and 38 patients in the HA-IMRT group) and 23.2% in patients without HA (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.75, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.43-1.31; P= 0.340). However, the 2-year cumulative incidence of BM was lower in the HA-TOMO group than in the HA-IMRT group (25.0% vs. 44.7%, HR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.26-0.99; P= 0.029). Both techniques achieved hippocampal protection, but HA-TOMO accomplished significantly better TC (96.24%±0.65% vs. 93.75%±2.45%, P< 0.001), HI (0.09±0.02 vs. 0.27±0.12, P< 0.001), and CI (0.88±0.02 vs. 0.85±0.04, P< 0.001). Conclusions: HA-PCI did not increase BM risk. Additionally, HA-TOMO could achieve better TC, HI, and CI with respect to the planned tumor in the brain while achieving more rapid dosing in the hippocampal region. The cumulative incidence of BM was lower with HA-TOMO than with HA-IMRT.
Olaparib, AZD1390, ceralasertib, saruparib and consolidation durvalumab (CONCORDE) phase Ib platform study of novel DNA damage response inhibitor (DDRi) agents in combination with radiotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Authors: Greystoke Alastair , Oughton Jamie B. , Brown Sarah R , Butterworth Karl , Coyle Victoria , Franks Kevin , Hassani Adam , Harrow Stephen , Hatton Matthew , Hiley Crispin T. , Kendall Jessica , Phillip Rachel , Norris Matthew , Ojo Oluwaseun , Shaw Paul , Walker Fiona , Yang Huiqi , Chalmers Anthony J. , Faivre-Finn Corinne 
Published: June 2024

TPS8119 Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality globally, with cases projected to exceed 62,000 by 2035. Outcomes remain poor despite advances in radiotherapy (RT) technologies. Combining novel mechanism-based agents with RT could improve the therapeutic index. DNA inhibition of cellular response to radiation-induced DNA damage can overcome intrinsic radio resistance and poses a promising strategy. Methods: CONCORDE is an open label, randomised, multi-arm, phase Ib, clinical trial opened to accrual in 11 UK hospitals designed to assess multiple DDRi in combination with radical thoracic RT (60Gy in 30 fractions over 6 weeks). Patients are randomised 3:1 to RT+/-DDRi. The study utilises an adaptive Bayesian model-based approach to dose escalation aiming to identify the recommended phase II dose for each treatment combination. Two arms will deliver up to 12 months consolidation durvalumab+/-DDRi following RT. Patients are eligible based on key criteria: not suitable for concurrent chemotherapy RT, inoperable, stage IIB/III NSCLC, performance status (KPS≥70). The dose limiting toxicity (DLT) period for treatment-related toxicities is 13.5 months post start of RT treatment, with most toxicities expected within the first 4.5 months (short DLT period). At least one patient must complete the short DLT period before dose escalation. A RT-alone calibration arm aids toxicity attribution. This trial is in progress: CONCORDE-A (olaparib (PARP inhibitor)), CONCORDE-B (AZD1390 (ATM inhibitor)), CONCORDE-C (ceralasertib (ATR inhibitor) followed by consolidation durvalumab+/-ceralasertib) and CONCORDE-E (AZD5305/saruparib (PARP1select inhibitor) followed by consolidation durvalumab) are open to accrual as of 24/11/2023. 57 of 74 registered participants have been randomised across 4 study arms. Of those 57 randomised: 55 started treatment: 20 received RT-alone, 12 received olaparib+RT, 14 received AZD1390+RT, 6 received ceralasertib+RT, 3 received AZD5305+RT and 2 withdrew. CONCORDE continues to recruit to the target sample size of 160 (40/arm) and welcomes further UK centres. A parallel multimodality translational program to identify biomarkers of treatment response, toxicity and the impact on the immune system are in development. Biomarkers of interest include plasma toxicity markers, immune cell profiling, radiomics and ctDNA. Clinical trial information: 10142971.
JCOG2002: A randomized phase III study of thoracic radiotherapy for extensive stage small cell lung cancer.
Authors: Nosaki Kaname , Zenke Yoshitaka , Nomura Shogo , Sasaki Tomonari , Niho Seiji , Yoh Kiyotaka , Yoshioka Hiroshige , Hosomi Yukio , Okamoto Isamu , Kaneda Hiroyasu , Akamatsu Hiroaki , Okamoto Hiroaki , Sasaki Keita , Sekino Yuta , Horinouchi Hidehito , Ohe Yuichiro 
Published: June 2024

TPS8132 Background: Consolidative thoracic radiotherapy (cTRT) has shown a marginal improvement in overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) for extensive-stage small-cell cancer (ES-SCLC). Consequently, ASTRO and NCCN guidelines conditionally recommend the use of cTRT. Despite the recent establishment of anti-PD-L1 antibody (aPD-L1) combined with platinum-doublet chemotherapy as the standard first-line treatment for ES-SCLC, the impact of cTRT in the era of immunotherapy remains uncertain. Methods: The JCOG2002 study, a randomized, multicenter phase 3 trial, initiated in October 2021 to assess the superiority of additional cTRT in terms of OS for ES-SCLC following induction aPD-L1 plus platinum doublet chemotherapy. Eligibility patients must meet criteria for the first registration including ES-SCLC, no prior radiation or chemotherapy history, age 20 or older, ECOG performance status 0 or 1, and adequate organ function. Induction treatment involves atezolizumab + carboplatin + etoposide or durvalumab + cisplatin / carboplatin + etoposide. Responding patients proceed to the second registration, randomization (1:1 between 30 Gy in 10 fractions of cTRT plus aPD-L1 maintenance therapy and maintenance therapy only). The cTRT targets metastatic lymph nodes in stations #1-7 and ipsilateral stations #10-12 identified at diagnosis. The adjustment factors include response to induction treatment (CR/PR versus SD), presence of brain metastasis (yes versus no), participating institutions, and aPD-L1 type (atezolizumab versus durvalumab). The primary endpoint is OS, with secondary endpoints being PFS and safety. The study aims to enroll 240 randomized patients, with 330 in the first registration, providing 80 % power at a one-sided 5 % significance level to detect a hazard ratio of 0.69 with 3-year accrual period and 1-year follow-up. As of February 6, 2024, 239 patients initiated induction treatment, and 121 have been randomized. This trial is registered at Japan Registry of Clinical Trials as jRCTs031210393 (https://jrct.niph.go.jp/detail/jRCTs031210393). Clinical trial information: jRCTs031210393 .
Effect of measurements on quantum speed limit
Authors: Srivastav Abhay , Pandey Vivek , Pati Arun K. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Given the initial and final states of a quantum system, the speed of transportation of state vector in the projective Hilbert space governs the quantum speed limit. Here, we ask the question: what happens to the quantum speed limit under continuous measurement process? We model the continuous measurement process by a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian which keeps the evolution of the system Schrödinger-like even under the process of measurement. Using this specific measurement model, we prove that under continuous measurement, the speed of transportation of a quantum system tends to zero. Interestingly, we also find that for small time scale, there is an enhancement of quantum speed even if the measurement strength is finite. Our findings can have applications in quantum computing and quantum control where dynamics is governed by both unitary and measurement processes.
Broadband characteristics and bandpass acoustic focusing via movable second-order Helmholtz resonator
Authors: Yang Mengchun , Zhao Jinyu , Liu Zihao , Gong Shulei , Liu Yuan , Li Yongchang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this paper, a method is theoretically proposed to obtain a novel movable second-order Helmholtz resonator by adding a perforated plate inside the cavity of the Helmholtz resonator that can be freely tuned up and down. Through software simulation, it is concluded that the resonator meets the design objective of saving production costs so that when the manufactured physical object is required to change the structural parameters, it only needs to be dynamically adjusted on this basis, rather than to reproduce a new physical object with new structural parameters. Meanwhile, it has excellent acoustic characteristics, with a stop band in the range of 80–610 Hz at the low frequency and a bandpass acoustic focusing characteristic in the range of 4050–5250 Hz. It can achieve directional adjustable focus acoustic focusing for plane waves incident at any angle, and directional adjustable focus acoustic focusing for cylindrical wave incidence, with excellent focusing effect. The added perforated plate changes the resonator one-item structure model and can be reused to meet different structural parameters.
Therapeutical Potential of T3 as Adjuvant Therapy in Male Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Florido Neto Armando Ribeiro , Agostini Lucas , Silva Jr Luciano Pedro da , Nunes Maria Tereza 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Alloxan-induced diabetic rats present with hypothyroidism. When treated with triiodothyronine (T3), glycemia and proinflammatory cytokine expression are downregulated, improving insulin sensitivity. The effectiveness of associating T3 with insulin (replacement dose [6 U] and [3 U]) in controlling glycemia was investigated in this experimental model. Male Wistar rats were made diabetic by alloxan injection and sorted into groups treated or not with insulin (3 or 6 U) associated or not with T3 (1.5 µg 100 g−1 BW) for 28 days. Nondiabetic rats constituted the control group. Fasting glycemia, glucose decay rate, and thyrotropin (TSH) were measured in the blood/serum of all animals. Immunoblotting was used to assess total GLUT4 expression in skeletal muscles and epididymal white adipose tissue. Cytokine and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) expression were measured in these tissues and liver. Diabetic rats presented with increased fasting glycemia, inflammatory cytokines, and NF-κB expression, TSH levels, and insulin resistance. In diabetic rats treated with T3 and/or insulin, these parameters were decreased, whereas GLUT4 and anti-inflammatory cytokine expression were increased. T3 combined with 3-U insulin restored the parameters to values of the control group and was more effective at controlling glycemia than 6-U insulin. Thus, a combination of T3 and insulin might represent a promising strategy for diabetes management since it reduces the insulin requirement by half and improves glycemic control of diabetic rats, which could postpone insulin resistance that develops with chronic insulin administration. These findings open a perspective for using thyroid analogues that provide tissue-specific effects, which might result in a potentially more effective treatment of diabetes.
The interplay between sleep and ecophysiology, behaviour and responses to environmental change in fish
Authors: Norman Helena , Munson Amelia , Cortese Daphne , Koeck Barbara , Killen Shaun S. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Evidence of behavioural sleep has been observed in every animal species studied to date, but current knowledge of the behaviour, neurophysiology and ecophysiology associated with sleep is concentrated on mammals and birds. Fish are a hugely diverse group that can offer novel insights into a variety of sleep-related behaviours across environments, but the ecophysiological relevance of sleep in fish has been largely overlooked. Here, we systematically reviewed the literature to assess the current breadth of knowledge on fish sleep, and surveyed the diverse physiological effects and behaviours associated with sleep. We also discuss possible ways in which unstudied external factors may alter sleep behaviours. For example, predation risk may alter sleep patterns, as has been shown in mammalian, avian and reptilian species. Other environmental factors – such as water temperature and oxygen availability – have the potential to alter sleep patterns in fish differently than for terrestrial endotherms. Understanding the ecological influences on sleep in fish is vital, as sleep deprivation has the potential to affect waking behaviour and fitness owing to cognitive and physiological impairments, possibly affecting ecological phenomena and sensitivity to environmental stressors in ways that have not been considered.
Predictors of mortality among low birth weight neonates after hospital discharge in a low-resource setting: A case study in Uganda
Authors: Nsubuga Ronald , Rujumba Joseph , Nyende Saleh , Kisaka Stevens , Idro Richard , Nankunda Jolly 
Published: June 2024

Background
Most neonatal deaths occur among low birth weight infants. However, in resource-limited settings, these infants are commonly discharged early which further exposes them to mortality. Previous studies on morbidity and mortality among low birth weight infants after early discharge mainly focused on very low birth weight infants, and none described post-discharge neonatal mortality. This study aimed to determine the proportion and predictors of mortality among low birth weight neonates discharged from the Special Care Baby Unit at Mulago National Referral Hospital in Uganda.

Methods
This was a prospective cohort study of 220 low birth weight neonates discharged from the Special Care Baby Unit at Mulago National Referral Hospital. These were followed up to 28 completed days of life, or death, whichever occurred first. Proportions were used to express mortality. To determine the predictors of mortality, Cox hazards regression was performed.

Results
Of the 220 enrolled participants, 216 (98.1%) completed the follow-up. The mean gestational age of study participants was 34 ±3 weeks. The median weight at discharge was 1,650g (IQR: 1,315g -1,922g) and 46.1% were small for gestational age. During follow-up, 14/216 (6.5%) of neonates died. Mortality was highest (7/34, 20.6%) among neonates with discharge weights less than 1,200g. The causes of death included presumed neonatal sepsis (10/14, 71.4%), suspected aspiration pneumonia (2/14, 14.3%), and suspected cot death (2/14, 14.3%). The median time to death after discharge was 11 days (range 3–16 days). The predictors of mortality were a discharge weight of less than 1,200g (adj HR: 23.47, p <0.001), a 5-minute Apgar score of less than 7 (adj HR: 4.25, p = 0.016), and a diagnosis of neonatal sepsis during admission (adj HR: 7.93, p = 0.009).

Conclusion
Post-discharge mortality among low birth weight neonates at Mulago National Referral Hospital is high. A discharge weight of less than 1,200g may be considered unsafe among neonates. Caregiver education about neonatal danger signs, and measures to prevent sepsis, aspiration, and cot death should be emphasized before discharge and during follow-up visits.
Determinants of effective interventions for HIV prevention, treatment, and care to address inequitable HIV outcomes among Black Women of African Descent (BWAD) in High-Income Countries: Systematic review protocol
Authors: Gebremeskel Akalewold Tadesse , Jacques Amoy , Diorgu Faith , Etowa Josephine 
Published: June 2024

Background
In High-Income Countries (HICs) HIV/AIDS continues to disproportionally affect Black Women of African Descent (BWAD) and other racialized groups and is now a major public health concern. Despite the multiple efforts, evidence is limited on the effectiveness of HIV interventions to address the HIV outcomes inequalities among BWAD. This protocol outlines the methodological process of a systematic review that will gather quantitative and qualitative data to examine existing determinants of effective HIV prevention, treatment, and care interventions to address the HIV outcomes disparities and inequities among BWAD in HICs.

Methods
A systematic review of eligible articles will be conducted using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. A comprehensive search of the literature will be made in MEDLINE(R) ALL (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCO Host), and Global Health (Ovid). Peer-reviewed studies involving the experience of BWAD in HICs; different HIV prevention, treatment, and care interventions both in the community and in a clinical setting; studies that report on the experience of BWAD on HIV intervention/ service including different levels of barriers and facilitators; reports of original research and peer-reviewed articles based on qualitative, quantitative, and mixed study designs published in English from 1980 onwards in HICs will be included. A narrative synthesis, thematic synthesis, and descriptive quantitative analysis of both extracted qualitative and quantitative data will be undertaken.

Conclusion
Substantial changes including tailored interventions are needed to address the inequities in HIV outcomes that disproportionally impact BWAD in HICs. Understanding the determinants of the effectiveness of BWAD-focused HIV interventions is critical to stemming the HIV epidemic and reducing the burden of the disease and poor health outcomes experienced by BWAD in HICs Our study finding will inform the multi level and multisectoral stakeholder including public health, community-based organizations and nongovernmental civil society organization engaged in BWAD HIV and health policy and practice in HICs. Findings from this review will be used to guide effective response to HIV/AIDS using an equity-driven policy and practice framework.

Trial registration
PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023458938.
Continuous co-prescription of rebamipide prevents upper gastrointestinal bleeding in NSAID use for orthopaedic conditions: A nested case-control study using the LIFE Study database
Authors: Yamate Satoshi , Ishiguro Chieko , Fukuda Haruhisa , Hamai Satoshi , Nakashima Yasuharu 
Published: June 2024

Background
Rebamipide has been widely co-prescribed with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in Japan for decades. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of rebamipide in preventing upper gastrointestinal bleeding in new users of NSAIDs without risk factors of NSAID-induced ulcers other than age.

Methods
A nested case-control study was conducted using medical claims data of 1.66 million inhabitants of 17 municipalities participating in Japan’s Longevity Improvement & Fair Evidence study. The cohort entry (t0) corresponded to a new user of NSAIDs for osteoarthritis or low back pain. Patients with risk factors of NSAID-induced ulcers other than age were excluded. Cases were defined as patients who underwent gastroscopy for upper gastrointestinal bleeding (occurrence date was defined as index date). A maximum of 10 controls were selected from non-cases at the index date of each case by matching sex, age, follow-up time, and type and dosage of NSAIDs. Exposure to rebamipide was defined as prescription status from t0 to index date: Non-user (rebamipide was not co-prescribed during the follow-up period), Continuous-user (rebamipide was co-prescribed from t0 with the same number of tablets as NSAIDs), and Irregular-user (neither Non-user nor Continuous-user). Conditional logistic regression analysis was conducted to estimate each category’s odds ratio compared to non-users.

Findings
Of 67,561 individuals who met the inclusion criteria, 215 cases and 1,516 controls were selected. Compared with that of Non-users, the odds ratios and 95% confidence interval were 0.65 (0.44–0.96) for Continuous-users and 2.57 (1.73–3.81) for Irregular-users.

Conclusions
Continuous co-prescription of rebamipide significantly reduced the risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in an Asian cohort of new users of NSAIDs with osteoarthritis or low back pain without risk factors other than age.