bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On Universal Threshold Graphs
Authors: Hammer P. L. , Kelmans A. K. 
Published: October 2010

A graphGisthresholdif there exists a ‘weight’ functionw:V(G) →Rsuch that the total weight of any stable set ofGis less than the total weight of any non-stable set ofG. Letndenote the set of threshold graphs withnvertices. A graph is calledn-universal if it contains every threshold graph withnvertices as an induced subgraph.n-universalthresholdgraphs are of special interest, since they are precisely thosen-universal graphs that do not contain any non-threshold induced subgraph.In this paper we shall studyminimumn-universal (threshold) graphs,i.e.n-universal (threshold) graphs having the minimum number of vertices.It is shown that for anyn≥ 3 there exist minimumn-universal graphs, which are themselves threshold, and others which are not.Two extremal minimumn-universal graphs having respectively the minimum and the maximum number of edges are described, it is proved that they are unique, and that they are threshold graphs.The set of all minimumn-universal threshold graphs is then described constructively; it is shown that it forms a lattice isomorphic to then− 1 dimensional Boolean cube, and that the minimum and the maximum elements of this lattice are the two extremal graphs introduced above.The proofs provide a (polynomial) recursive procedure that determines for any threshold graphGwithnvertices and for any minimumn-universal threshold graphT, an induced subgraphG' ofTisomorphic toG.
An Extension of Foster's Network Theorem
Authors: Tetali Prasad 
Published: October 2010

Consider an electrical network onnnodes with resistorsrijbetween nodesiandj. LetRijdenote theeffective resistancebetween the nodes. Then Foster's Theorem [5] asserts thatwherei∼jdenotesiandjare connected by a finiterij. In [10] this theorem is proved by making use of random walks. The classical connection between electrical networks and reversible random walks implies a corresponding statement for reversible Markov chains. In this paper we prove an elementary identity for ergodic Markov chains, and show that this yields Foster's theorem when the chain is time-reversible.We also prove a generalization of aresistive inverseidentity. This identity was known for resistive networks, but we prove a more general identity for ergodic Markov chains. We show that time-reversibility, once again, yields the known identity. Among other results, this identity also yields an alternative characterization of reversibility of Markov chains (see Remarks 1 and 2 below). This characterization, when interpreted in terms of electrical currents, implies thereciprocity theoremin single-source resistive networks, thus allowing us to establish the equivalence ofreversibilityin Markov chains andreciprocityin electrical networks.
Dietary patterns and their associations with health behaviours in Korea
Authors: Cho Eo Rin , Shin Aesun , Lim Sun-Young , Kim Jeongseon 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjectiveDietary habits, including dietary patterns, have been associated with the risk of chronic diseases, including cancer. The objective of the present study was to evaluate Korean dietary patterns as assessed by using an FFQ and associations of dietary patterns with lifestyle risk factors.DesignDietary patterns were analysed by factor analysis using a sixteen-group FFQ. The associations between dietary patterns and lifestyle risk factors were investigated by logistic regression analysis.SettingThe National Cancer Center in South Korea.SubjectsThe study population included 11 440 participants aged ≥30 years who were recruited between 2002 and 2007.ResultsCompared with the lowest quartile intake of each dietary pattern, current smoking was positively associated with the Western pattern (OR = 1·55 for the highest quartile, 95 % CI 1·27, 1·88; P < 0·001) and the traditional pattern (OR = 1·34, 95 % CI 1·11, 1·62; P = 0·002) in men, but was inversely associated with the healthy pattern in both genders (P < 0·001) and the traditional pattern (OR = 0·52, 95 % CI 0·36, 0·75; P = 0·001) in women. Alcohol consumption was positively associated with all patterns in both genders, while no association was observed with the healthy pattern in women. Physical activity and dietary supplement use were positively associated with all patterns in both genders, with the exception of physical activity in women, which showed an inverse association with the traditional pattern.ConclusionsDietary patterns are strongly associated with health behaviours. The possible confounding effect of other risk behaviours should be appropriately considered when conducting nutritional epidemiological studies.
Kücükdeveci: Mangold Revisited – Horizontal Direct Effect of a General Principle of EU Law: Court of Justice of the European Union (Grand Chamber) Judgment of 19 January 2010, Case C-555/07, Seda Kücükdeveci v. Swedex GmbH & Co. KG
Authors: de Mol Mirjam 
Published: October 2010

On 22 November 2005 the European Court of Justice (hereafter, the Court) rendered its Mangold-ruling on Council Directive 2000/78/EC of 27 November 2000 establishing a general framework for equal treatment in employment and occupation (hereafter, Directive 2000/78). The most striking part of this judgment, rendered in a private dispute, was the following conclusion:Community law and, more particularly, Article 6(1) of (…) Directive 2000/78/EC (…) must be interpreted as precluding a provision of domestic law such as that at issue in the main proceedings (…) It is the responsibility of the national court to guarantee the full effectiveness of the general principle of non-discrimination in respect of age, setting aside any provision of national law which may conflict with Community law, even where the period prescribed for transposition of that directive has not yet expired.The judgment evoked a great amount of criticism from the media, academia, several advocates general and the member states.
The McNulty Family
Authors: McGRAW TED 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe McNulty Family was known as the royal family of Irish entertainers. They were the hottest Irish entertainment act on the East Coast, and perhaps in all of North America, from the 1930s through the 1950s. Ann “Ma” McNulty was the leader; her son Peter played the violin and piano, sang, and danced; and her daughter Eileen sang and danced. They also acted and performed skits to accompany their songs and comedy routines. Their shows were a high-energy, fast-paced type of vaudeville event. Ann Burke was born in Kilteevan, County Roscommom, Ireland, in 1887 and emigrated to the United States in 1910. She married John McNulty in 1914 and was a widow by 1928. This emigrant, who played the melodeon, and her two talented children started to entertain people to make a living. At the height of their career in the early 1940s, in addition to appearing at several venues every week, they had two radio shows, wrote a weekly column for the Irish Advocate newspaper, and had released about eighty recordings. Their vaudeville style was an excellent compliment to their talents, where acting and dancing were part of the delivery of a song or comedy routine.
Paddy Cronin: Musical Influences on a Sliabh Luachra Fiddle Player in the United States
Authors: CRANITCH MATT 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn the world of Irish traditional music, Paddy Cronin from Sliabh Luachra in the southwest of Ireland is regarded as one of the tradition's exceptional fiddle players. Although his music exhibits many characteristics of the Sliabh Luachra tradition, it also has other elements and features, primarily from the Sligo style. A pupil of Pádraig O'Keeffe (the “Sliabh Luachra Fiddle Master”), Cronin emigrated to Boston in 1949 and lived there for approximately forty years. Before he left Ireland, he had been familiar with the music of the Sligo masters, such as Michael Coleman and James Morrison, who had gone to the United States many years before him. In Boston Paddy met and played with many of the great Sligo musicians, and also had the opportunity to hear music in other styles, including that of Canadian musicians, whose use of piano accompaniment he admired greatly. This article considers his music before and after he left Ireland, and compares him to Coleman and Morrison by considering their respective performances of the reel “Farewell to Ireland.”
Integrating Degradation into Fuel Cell Models and Lifetime Prediction
Authors: Gubner Andreas 
Published: October 2010

A one dimensional (1D) model for simulating Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) isothermal performance with humidified hydrogen and air is introduced. It is based on a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) describing the local current density as a function of the flow path for parallel flow SOFCs. Isothermal operation is a reasonable idealisation for laboratory cells placed in comparatively large furnaces, especially when operated at low fuel utilization. Such small scale SOFCs are often used to characterize the electrochemical cell performance.
The electrochemical behaviour is modeled by a single constant Area Specific Resistance (ASR) by taking the slope of an experimentally recorded I-V curve. It will be discussed that suitable operating conditions are found at a steam content (fuel humidity) of approx. 50 Vol-% and low fuel utilizations of less than 10 %. Alternatively, the 1D model can be used to calculate the ASR from I-V data directly which is less strict on operating condition requirements. Using the 1D model also allows to convert endurance test data, usually delivering a Vcell(t) data set, at constant electric current into a corresponding ASR(t) data set. The ODE set is solved numerically. Based on this model, a further step is taken by introducing a simple model for describing SOFC degradation during stationary operation. The simple degradation model can be useful as a first approach to more sophisticated life time prediction models and for deriving accelerated life time tests.
An Introduction to Molecular Biology
Authors: Dauphinot Luce 
Published: October 2010

The cell constitutes the basic structure of all living organisms (cellula in latin means small chamber). The typical diameter of a cell is 10–100 micrometers (μm), its volume around 10 picoliters (pl) and its mass around 1 nanogram (ng).
Cells can be divided in two main groups. Prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria, lack nucleus and are unicellular organism, characterized by a relatively simple organization with only one compartment containing a circular DNA molecule. Eukaryotic cells are characterized by a nucleus and a cytoplasm containing many sub-cellular compartments. The nucleus is surrounded by a nuclear envelope with nuclear pores that allow the transport of macromolecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The DNA molecule is localized inside the nucleus and organized in chromosomes. Some eukaryote organisms are unicellular such as yeasts, but the most part are pluricellular, with the most complex organism being human, with more than 10 000 billion cells.
Crystal structure of Spot 14, a modulator of fatty acid synthesis
Authors: Colbert Christopher L. , Kim Chai-Wan , Moon Young-Ah , Henry Lisa , Palnitkar Maya , McKean William B. , Fitzgerald Kevin , Deisenhofer Johann , Horton Jay D. , Kwon Hyock Joo 
Published: October 2010

Spot 14 (S14) is a protein that is abundantly expressed in lipogenic tissues and is regulated in a manner similar to other enzymes involved in fatty acid synthesis. Deletion of S14 in mice decreased lipid synthesis in lactating mammary tissue, but the mechanism of S14’s action is unknown. Here we present the crystal structure of S14 to 2.65 Å and biochemical data showing that S14 can form heterodimers with MIG12. MIG12 modulates fatty acid synthesis by inducing the polymerization and activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, the first committed enzymatic reaction in the fatty acid synthesis pathway. Coexpression of S14 and MIG12 leads to heterodimers and reduced acetyl-CoA carboxylase polymerization and activity. The structure of S14 suggests a mechanism whereby heterodimer formation with MIG12 attenuates the ability of MIG12 to activate ACC.
High-performance continuous-wave room temperature 4.0-μm quantum cascade lasers with single-facet optical emission exceeding 2 W
Authors: Lyakh A. , Maulini R. , Tsekoun A. , Go R. , Von der Porten S. , Pflügl C. , Diehl L. , Capasso Federico , Patel C. Kumar N. 
Published: October 2010

A strain-balanced, AlInAs/InGaAs/InP quantum cascade laser structure, designed for light emission at 4.0 μm using nonresonant extraction design approach, was grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Laser devices were processed in buried heterostructure geometry. An air-cooled laser system incorporating a 10-mm × 11.5-μm laser with antireflection-coated front facet and high-reflection-coated back facet delivered over 2 W of single-ended optical power in a collimated beam. Maximum continuous-wave room temperature wall plug efficiency of 5.0% was demonstrated for a high-reflection-coated 3.65-mm × 8.7-μm laser mounted on an aluminum nitride submount.
Plasma diagnostics in gas metal arc welding by optical emission spectroscopy
Authors: Valensi F , Pellerin S , Boutaghane A , Dzierzega K , Zielinska S , Pellerin N , Briand F 
Published: October 2010

The plasma column in a metal inert gas welding process is investigated by optical emission spectroscopy and high-speed imaging. The concentration and repartition of iron vapours are measured and correlated with the plasma and electrode geometric configuration. Plasma temperatures and electron densities are also measured for each studied position in the plasma. The temperatures are calculated using two different methods, allowing validation of the local thermodynamic equilibrium state of the plasma. The results show a maximum temperature of 12 500 K in the upper part of the arc, away from the arc axis. The iron concentration reaches a maximum of 0.3% close to the anode and strongly decreases along both the vertical and radial directions.
The plasma thermophysical properties, calculated from this plasma composition, are then discussed regarding the metal transfer mode.
Modelling of gas–metal arc welding taking into account metal vapour
Authors: Schnick M , Fuessel U , Hertel M , Haessler M , Spille-Kohoff A , Murphy A B 
Published: October 2010

The most advanced numerical models of gas–metal arc welding (GMAW) neglect vaporization of metal, and assume an argon atmosphere for the arc region, as is also common practice for models of gas–tungsten arc welding (GTAW). These models predict temperatures above 20 000 K and a temperature distribution similar to GTAW arcs. However, spectroscopic temperature measurements in GMAW arcs demonstrate much lower arc temperatures. In contrast to measurements of GTAW arcs, they have shown the presence of a central local minimum of the radial temperature distribution.This paper presents a GMAW model that takes into account metal vapour and that is able to predict the local central minimum in the radial distributions of temperature and electric current density. The influence of different values for the net radiative emission coefficient of iron vapour, which vary by up to a factor of hundred, is examined. It is shown that these net emission coefficients cause differences in the magnitudes, but not in the overall trends, of the radial distribution of temperature and current density. Further, the influence of the metal vaporization rate is investigated. We present evidence that, for higher vaporization rates, the central flow velocity inside the arc is decreased and can even change direction so that it is directed from the workpiece towards the wire, although the outer plasma flow is still directed towards the workpiece. In support of this thesis, we have attempted to reproduce the measurements of Zielińskaet alfor spray-transfer mode GMAW numerically, and have obtained reasonable agreement.
Time-dependent calculations of molten pool formation and thermal plasma with metal vapour in gas tungsten arc welding
Authors: Tanaka M , Yamamoto K , Tashiro S , Nakata K , Yamamoto E , Yamazaki K , Suzuki K , Murphy A B , Lowke J J 
Published: October 2010

A gas tungsten arc (GTA) was modelled taking into account the contamination of the plasma by metal vapour from the molten anode. The whole region of GTA atmosphere including the tungsten cathode, the arc plasma and the anode was treated using a unified numerical model. A viscosity approximation was used to express the diffusion coefficient in terms of viscosity of the shielding gas and metal vapour. The transient two-dimensional distributions of temperature, velocity of plasma flow and iron vapour concentration were predicted, together with the molten pool as a function of time for a 150 A arc current at atmospheric pressure, both for helium and argon gases. It was shown that the thermal plasma in the GTA was influenced by iron vapour from the molten pool surface and that the concentration of iron vapour in the plasma was dependent on the temperature of the molten pool.
GTA on high sulfur stainless steel was calculated to discuss the differences between a low sulfur and a high sulfur stainless steel anode. Helium was selected as the shielding gas because a helium GTA produces more metal vapour than an argon GTA. In the GTA on a high sulfur stainless steel anode, iron vapour and current path were constricted. Radiative emission density in the GTA on high sulfur stainless steel was also concentrated in the centre area of the arc plasma together with the iron vapour although the temperature distributions were almost the same as that in the case of a low sulfur stainless steel anode.
CopyMap: localization and calling of copy number variation by joint analysis of hybridization data from multiple individuals
Authors: Zöllner Sebastian 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Summary: The program package CopyMap identifies copy number variation from oligo-hybridization and CGH data. Using a time-dependent hidden Markov model to combine evidence of copy number variants (CNVs) across multiple carriers, CopyMap is substantially more accurate than standard hidden Markov methods in identifying CNVs and calling CNV-carriers. Moreover, CopyMap provides more precise estimates of CNV-boundaries.
Availability: The C-source code and detailed documentation for the program CopyMap is available on the Internet at http://www.sph.umich.edu/csg/szoellner/
Contact: szoellne@umich.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Model quality assessment for membrane proteins
Authors: Ray Arjun , Lindahl Erik , Wallner Björn 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Motivation: Learning-based model quality assessment programs have been quite successful at discriminating between high- and low-quality protein structures. Here, we show that it is possible to improve this performance significantly by restricting the learning space to a specific context, in this case membrane proteins. Since these are among the most important structures from a pharmaceutical point-of-view, it is particularly interesting to resolve local model quality for regions corresponding, e.g. to binding sites.
Results: Our new ProQM method uses a support vector machine with a combination of general and membrane protein-specific features. For the transmembrane region, ProQM clearly outperforms all methods developed for generic proteins, and it does so while maintaining performance for extra-membrane domains; in this region it is only matched by ProQres. The predictor is shown to accurately predict quality both on the global and local level when applied to GPCR models, and clearly outperforms consensus-based scoring. Finally, the combination of ProQM and the Rosetta low-resolution energy function achieve a 7-fold enrichment in selection of near-native structural models, at very limited computational cost.
Availability: ProQM is available as a server at +proqm.cbr.su.se+.
Contact: bjorn@cbr.su.se
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The SMARTCyp cytochrome P450 metabolism prediction server
Authors: Rydberg Patrik , Gloriam David E. , Olsen Lars 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Summary: The SMARTCyp server is the first web application for site of metabolism prediction of cytochrome P450-mediated drug metabolism.
Availability: The SMARTCyp server is freely available for use on the web at www.farma.ku.dk/smartcyp where the SMARTCyp Java program and source code is also available for download.
Contact: smartcyp@farma.ku.dk; lo@farma.ku.dk
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
CellPublisher: a web platform for the intuitive visualization and sharing of metabolic, signalling and regulatory pathways
Authors: Flórez Lope A. , Lammers Christoph R. , Michna Raphael , Stülke Jörg 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Summary: Systems biology relies increasingly on collaborations between several groups with different expertise. Therefore, the systems biology community is adopting standards that allow effective communication of concepts, as well as transmission and processing of pathway information. The Systems Biology Graphical Notation (SBGN) is a graphical language for biological pathways that has both a biological as well as a computational meaning. The program CellDesigner allows the codification of biological phenomena in an SBGN compliant form. CellPublisher is a web server that allows the conversion of CellDesigner files to web-based navigatable diagrams based on the user interface of Google maps. Thus, CellPublisher complements CellDesigner by facilitating the understanding of complex diagrams and by providing the possibility to share any CellDesigner diagram online with collaborators and get their feedback. Due to the intuitive interface of the online diagrams, CellPublisher serves as a basis for discovery of novel properties of the modelled networks.
Availability: The freely available web server and the documentation can be accessed at: http://cellpublisher.gobics.de/. The source code and the offline version for Microsoft Windows are freely available at http://sourceforge.net/projects/cellpublisher/.
Contact: jstuelk@gwdg.de
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Functional Analyses of Caffeic Acid O-Methyltransferase and Cinnamoyl-CoA-Reductase Genes from Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne)
Authors: Tu Yi , Rochfort Simone , Liu Zhiqian , Ran Yidong , Griffith Megan , Badenhorst Pieter , Louie Gordon V. , Bowman Marianne E. , Smith Kevin F. , Noel Joseph P. , Mouradov Aidyn , Spangenberg German 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Cinnamoyl CoA-reductase (CCR) and caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT) catalyze key steps in the biosynthesis of monolignols, which serve as building blocks in the formation of plant lignin. We identified candidate genes encoding these two enzymes in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and show that the spatio-temporal expression patterns of these genes in planta correlate well with the developmental profile of lignin deposition. Downregulation of CCR1 and caffeic acid O-methyltransferase 1 (OMT1) using an RNA interference–mediated silencing strategy caused dramatic changes in lignin level and composition in transgenic perennial ryegrass plants grown under both glasshouse and field conditions. In CCR1-deficient perennial ryegrass plants, metabolic profiling indicates the redirection of intermediates both within and beyond the core phenylpropanoid pathway. The combined results strongly support a key role for the OMT1 gene product in the biosynthesis of both syringyl- and guaiacyl-lignin subunits in perennial ryegrass. Both field-grown OMT1-deficient and CCR1-deficient perennial ryegrass plants showed enhanced digestibility without obvious detrimental effects on either plant fitness or biomass production. This highlights the potential of metabolic engineering not only to enhance the forage quality of grasses but also to produce optimal feedstock plants for biofuel production.