The Triple Threat of Recurrence after Breast Conserving Therapy: Race, Receptor Status and Age.
Authors: Zaky S. , Lund M. , May K. , Hair B. , Godette K. , Butler E. , Holmes L. , O'Regan R. , Landry J. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
PurposeThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of race, receptor status, and age on recurrence in patients undergoing breast conserving therapy (BCT).MethodsThe study population consisted of 510 primary invasive female breast cancer patients (excluding Stage IV), who resided in Fulton-Dekalb counties, in Atlanta, GA. These patients were diagnosed in 2003-2004 and treated within the Emory University Affiliated Hospitals. Data was obtained from the SEER cancer registry and augmented with medical record abstraction. Median follow-up was 3.5 and 4.4 years for recurrence and survival, respectively. Breast tumors were categorized as either triple negative (TN), which were estrogen, progesterone, and Her2-neu receptor negative tumors, versus (vs) non-TN, all other possible iterations. Women were evaluated for recurrence and death by TN status, race (African American (AA) vs Caucasian (C)), age, grade, tumor size, nodal status, socioeconomic status (SES), and receipt of chemotherapy. Both recurrence and survival were evaluated using chi-square, fisher exact, and cox regression analyses, p ≤ 0.05 significance.ResultsOf the 510 women, 193 received BCT. Of the 193, 92% completed radiation therapy and 45% received chemotherapy. Of the 184 women with known recurrence status, 11 recurred locally, 11 distantly, and none regionally. Compared to patients with non-TN tumors, TN patients had significantly higher local (13% vs 5%) and distant (16% vs 4%) recurrence rates. AA women had non-significant higher local recurrence than C women (7% vs 4%) and a higher distant recurrence rate (8% vs 3%). Finally, compared to women ≥50 years old, women age &lt;50 had a significantly higher local and distant recurrence rates, (13% vs 4%) and (9% vs 5%) respectively.Unadjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for any recurrence were calculated: TN status (HR=2.8, 95%CI 1.2-6.5), AA race (HR=2.3, 95% CI 0.9-5.8), age &lt;50 years (HR= 2.3, 95%CI 1.0-5.1), grade 2/3 vs 1 (HR=2.3, 95%CI 1.0-5.1), and chemotherapy receipt (HR=3.0, 95%CI 1.2-7.4). Factors that were highly non-statistically significant included stage, tumor size, nodal status, and SES.In a multivariate model including receptor status, race, and age results were similar (HR = 2.5, 2.1, and 2.1 respectively). When tumor size, nodal status, grade, SES, and chemotherapy status were included in the previous model, only AA race independently predicted recurrence (HR=3.4, 95%CI 1.1-11.1), while TN status demonstrated a trend (HR=1.9, 95%CI 0.8-5.7).In survival analyses, neither TN status, AA race, nor age &lt;50 years predicted outcome in any of the models described above. However, TN status did show a trend for significance (HR=2.6, 95%CI 0.8-9.0).ConclusionWe observed that there was a significant increase in local and distant metastatic recurrence rates after BCT among patients diagnosed with TN breast cancers, AA women, and women &lt;50 years old. In contrast, we did not observe differences in survival, with the exception of TN breast cancers. This study suggests that among women who receive BCT, current standard radiation and systemic therapies may not be adequate in preventing recurrence among women with TN breast cancers, of AA race, or younger age.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 6045.