bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a Novel Questionnaire Evaluating Disability in Activities of Daily Living in the Upper Extremities of Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis
Authors: Kutsuna Toshiki , Matsunaga Atsuhiko , Takagi Yutaka , Motohashi Sachiko , Yamamoto Kazuya , Matsumoto Takuya , Ishii Akira , Takahira Naonobu , Yoshida Atsushi , Masuda Takashi 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to develop a novel questionnaire evaluating disability in the activities of daily living in the upper extremities of hemodialysis (HD) patients (QDUE‐HD). We recruited 83 patients (40 males and 43 females) aged 66 ± 8 years, and measured their muscle strength and range of motion in the upper extremities. Moreover, 14 patients performed a six‐week exercise training regimen (the exercise group) and were compared with 15 patients not performing such training (the control group). In an initial questionnaire consisting of 37 items, 30 were taken from the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire and the Activities of Daily Living Test, and the remaining seven were selected from activities that HD patients perceived as impossible or extremely difficult to perform. The principal factor analysis focused on 11 items, as 26 showing floor and ceiling effects were excluded. These 11 items were divided into two categories consisting of six items termed “light work” and five termed “holding activities”. The scores for light work and holding activities correlated significantly and positively with both muscle strength and range of motion in the upper extremities. These scores increased significantly after the six‐week exercise training as compared with those before training in the exercise group. We conclude that the QDUE‐HD is clinically useful for evaluating disability in activities of daily living in the upper extremities of HD patients because of its high reliability, validity and responsiveness.
Effects of different irrigation solutions on root dentine microhardness, smear layer removal and erosion
Authors: Ulusoy Özgür İ. A. , Görgül Güliz 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis study aimed to compare the effects of different irrigants on root dentine microhardness, erosion and smear layer removal. A total of 72 root dentine slices were divided into six groups, according to the final irrigants used: Group 1: 17% ethylenediamine tetra‐acetic acid (EDTA) + 2.5% NaOCl, Group 2: 7% maleic acid (MA) + 2.5% sodium hypochloride (NaOCl), Group 3: 1.3% NaOCl + mixture of tetracycline, acid and detergent (MTAD), Group 4: Smear Clear + 2.5% NaOCl, Group 5: 5% NaOCl, Group 6: saline. Vickers microhardness values were measured before and after treatment. In total, 42 root‐halves were prepared for scanning electron microscope to evaluate the amount of smear and erosion in the coronal, middle and apical thirds. Data were analysed using two‐way anova, Duncan and two‐proportion z‐tests. Maleic acid showed the greatest reduction in dentine microhardness (P < 0.05), followed by EDTA and MTAD. EDTA, maleic acid, MTAD and Smear Clear removed smear layer efficiently in the coronal and middle thirds of root canal. However, in the apical region, maleic acid showed more efficient removal of the smear layer than the other irrigants (P < 0.05).
Endodontic management of hypo‐, meso‐ and hypertaurodontism: Case reports
Authors: Parolia Abhishek , Khosla Manak , Kundabala Mala 
Published: February 2011

AbstractTaurodontism is a morpho‐anatomical developmental anomaly rarely seen in teeth. It is characterised by lack of constriction at the level of cementoenamel junction with elongated pulp chambers and apical displacement of bifurcation or trifurcation of roots. This gives the tooth a rectangular or cylindrical appearance. This paper reports successful endodontic therapy of cases with hypo‐, meso‐ and hypertaurodontism in healthy individuals with no associated syndrome or anomaly.
Computed tomography of the prostate gland in apparently healthy entire dogs
Authors: Lee K.‐J. , Shimizu J. , Kishimoto M. , Kadohira M. , Iwasaki T. , Miyake Y.‐I. , Yamada K. 
Published: February 2011

Objectives: To describe the computed tomography (CT) features of the prostate gland and determine prostate size using CT in entire male dogs. Methods: The prostate gland was evaluated in 35 dogs. Morphological features including homogeneity, delineation, shape and intraprostatic differentiation were assessed. Height, length, width, area, volume and attenuation values of the prostate gland were measured. Ratios of prostatic height (rH), length and width to the sixth lumbar vertebral body length were calculated. Relationships of prostatic dimensions with body weight and age were evaluated. Results: The prostate gland was homogeneous in 29 dogs on non‐contrast images and 18 of 24 dogs on postcontrast images. Transverse images revealed a semi‐oval prostate gland in 29 dogs and irregularly shaped prostate gland in 6 dogs. A prominent median septum was observed in postcontrast images. Significant positive correlations were found between body weight and age and all prostatic dimensions except between age and rH. The mean ±sd values for attenuation were 59·3 ±9·1 and 121·3 ±22·7 HU in non‐contrast and postcontrast image, respectively. Clinical Significance: CT can be useful for evaluating morphological features of the prostate gland. Prostatic length or width is a better measure than height for computed tomographic estimation of prostate size.
Performances of different diagnostic tests for feline infectious peritonitis in challenging clinical cases
Authors: Giori L. , Giordano A. , Giudice C. , Grieco V. , Paltrinieri S. 
Published: February 2011

Objectives: Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) can be difficult to diagnose. Histopathology is considered the gold standard test but immunohistochemistry (IHC) is mandatory to confirm/exclude the disease. This study aimed to assess the performances of tests carried out in vivo or at postmortem examination in challenging cases in which FIP was confirmed or excluded based on IHC or on adequate follow‐up.Methods: Twelve cases (four without FIP, eight with FIP) were retrospectively studied. Clinical findings, serum protein electrophoresis (SPE), analysis of the effusions (AE), antifeline coronavirus serology, serum concentration of α1‐acid glycoprotein (AGP) and histopathology were classified as consistent, doubtful or non‐consistent with FIP. Sensitivity, specificity and concordance (κ) with the final diagnosis were calculated.Results: Concordance was absent for serology (κ=−0·08) and AE (κ=−0·52), poor for histopathology (κ=0·09), fair for SPE (κ=0·25) and perfect for AGP (κ=1·00). Sensitivity was high for AGP (100%) and low for AE (50%), SPE (37·5%) and histopathology (37·5%). Specificity was high for AGP or histopathology (100%) and low for SPE (50%) and AE (0%).Clinical Significance: IHC must always be performed to confirm FIP. If this is not possible, when histopathology is controversial, elevated AGP concentrations may support the diagnosis of FIP.
Encephalopathy with Neuroserpin Inclusion Bodies Presenting as Progressive Myoclonus Epilepsy and Associated with a Novel Mutation in the Proteinase Inhibitor 12 Gene
Authors: Hagen Matthew C. , Murrell Jill R. , Delisle Marie‐Bernadette , Andermann Eva , Andermann Frederick , Guiot Marie Christine , Ghetti Bernardino 
Published: February 2011

AbstractNeuroserpin encephalopathy is an autosomal‐dominant degenerative disease associated with mutations in the Proteinase Inhibitor 12 (PI12) gene. A 26‐year‐old male presented with progressive myoclonus epilepsy and declining mental status. He had failed in university studies because of impaired attention, memory and concentration. Generalized seizures started to occur approximately once a month, and he developed myoclonus and progressive gait disturbances. Neuroimaging revealed mild atrophy and multiple periventricular white matter lesions, consistent with demyelination. He progressively declined and died at age 34. Neuropathologic examination revealed widespread involvement of the cerebral cortex by numerous round eosinophilic inclusions in neuronal perikarya and neuropil, predominantly within the deep cortical layers. Numerous inclusions were also found in the basal ganglia, thalamus, hippocampus, brain stem, spinal gray matter, and dorsal root ganglia. They were essentially absent from the cerebellum. The inclusions were immunopositive for antibodies raised against neuroserpin. The white matter lesions showed histologic features compatible with multiple sclerosis. Genetic analysis revealed a nucleotide substitution in codon 47 in one allele of the PI12 gene, resulting in a proline for leucine amino acid substitution (L47P). In summary, we report a case of neuroserpin encephalopathy associated with a novel PI12 mutation and complicated by coexistent multiple sclerosis.
Social support as a motivator of self‐management among adults with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Oftedal Bjørg , Bru Edvin , Karlsen Bjørg 
Published: February 2011

oftedal b, bru e & karlsen b (2011) Journal of Nursing and Healthcare of Chronic Illness 3, 12–22 Social support as a motivator of self‐management among adults with type 2 diabetesAim.  This paper is a report of research on how people with type 2 diabetes perceive social support, how social support is associated with diet and exercise management, and the degree to which these relationships are mediated by the expectations people with type 2 diabetes have of their own ability.Background.  Many people with type 2 diabetes have difficulties in motivating themselves to self‐manage diet and exercise. It has been suggested that the social support provided by healthcare practitioners, family and friends may be an essential contributor in motivating people with type 2 diabetes to adopt and maintain diet and exercise management. However, there has been little research to explore how social support interacts with motivation in the self‐management of type 2 diabetes.Methods.  This study had a cross‐sectional design. The data were collected by a postal questionnaire assessing perceived social support as well as ability expectations, diet and exercise management. A sample comprising 425 adults aged 30–70 years with type 2 diabetes completed the questionnaire. The data were collected during September/October 2008.Results.  The descriptive results showed that the majority of the participants reported constructive support from healthcare practitioners, whereas relatively few felt they had support from family and friends. Only modest associations were found between social support and self‐management. Some of the associations, however, were mediated by ability expectations. Associations of variables assessing social support with diet management were strongest among those who had the disease <6 years.Conclusions and relevance to clinical practice.  Findings indicate that it is important for healthcare practitioners to consider the balance between empathic, non‐confrontational and confrontational approaches. For some people with type 2 diabetes, a more confrontational approach could be appropriate. They should also be aware that stimulating self‐management is challenging and complex and may depend on tailor‐made and ongoing support. Finally, findings suggest there is room for improvement in support from family and friends.
Medication knowledge, adherence and predictors among people with heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Gallagher Robyn , Warwick Melannie , Chenoweth Lynn , Stein‐Parbury Jane , Milton‐Wildey Kathleen 
Published: February 2011

gallagher r, warwick m, chenoweth l, stein‐parbury j & milton‐wildey k (2011) Journal of Nursing and Healthcare of Chronic Illness 3, 30–40 Medication knowledge, adherence and predictors among people with heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseBackground.  Although medicines are a key component in the self‐management of chronic illness, lack of adherence is a common problem.Aim.  To describe medication adherence and predictors in relation to the Multidimensional Adherence Model among older adults with chronic illness.Method.  During a home interview, we collected data from 118 patients with chronic illnesses (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and heart failure), following a recent illness exacerbation, to determine self‐reported medication adherence, medication knowledge and capacity for self‐management of their illness. We used the Medication Adherence Model as an organising framework and performed multivariate analyses to determine the independent predictors. We conducted the study between April 2005–June 2006.Results.  Participants had an average age of 75·54 years (SD 8·38), with marginally more men (56·8%) than women, and were prescribed an average 4·68 (SD 2·11) medications for their primary diagnosis of either chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or heart failure. Most participants (75·2%) were adherent to their prescribed medicines; however, medication knowledge was low [mean score 47·61 (SD 18·73) out of a potential 100]. Predictors of better adherence to medicines were patient‐related: female gender and higher self‐management capacity, and condition‐related: heart failure diagnosis. Socioeconomic and treatment‐related factors were not identified as independent predictors of medication adherence. Predictors of better medication knowledge were higher capacity for self‐management, more concurrent conditions, younger age and taking fewer medicines.Conclusion.  Assessment of self‐management capacity, targeting interventions towards patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and men, rather than relying solely on increasing medication knowledge, is essential to improve medication adherence. The Multidimensional Adherence Model requires further investigation to determine its use in patients with chronic illness in general.Relevance to clinical practice.  The most effective interventions to improve medication adherence are less likely to be those focused on patient education, and more likely to be those tailored to increasing patients’ self‐management capacity. Programmes will need to involve formal and informal carers. Simple strategies designed to improve medication adherence, such as medication reminders, daily routines, and multi‐dose packs have been reported to be effective in systematic reviews and by patients’ themselves. We recommend all of these strategies to improve medication adherence in persons with chronic illnesses.
Separate and joint effects of physical and mental health on participation of people with somatic chronic illness
Authors: Jansen Daphne L , Rijken Mieke 
Published: February 2011

jansen dl & rijken m (2011) Journal of Nursing and Healthcare of Chronic Illness 3, 61–72 Separate and joint effects of physical and mental health on participation of people with somatic chronic illnessAim.  To examine the extent to which people with a somatic chronic illness participate in paid jobs, volunteer work, informal care and social activities, and to investigate the separate and joint effects of physical and mental health on participation.Background.  Compared with healthy people, people with a chronic illness experience more difficulties with respect to participation in several life domains.Methods.  Data were collected within the National Panel of the Chronically Ill and Disabled by means of questionnaires. Data of 1456 panel members diagnosed with a somatic chronic disease(s) were used, and analysed using univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyses.Results.  About half of the working age people with a chronic illness were in paid employment, 25% carried out volunteer work, 18% performed informal care and 58% of the people participated in social activities. Main effects were found for physical functioning and pain on paid work, pain and mental health on volunteer work and physical functioning on informal care. An interaction effect was observed for pain and mental health on both paid and volunteer work; as mental health is better, less pain is associated with a greater chance of paid work and more pain is associated with a greater chance of volunteer work.Conclusions.  The findings emphasise the importance of mental health for participation in people with a chronic somatic illness, besides physical health.Relevance to clinical practice.  In contrast with many of their physical limitations, the mental health state of patients with a chronic illness could be improved. Health care providers, including nurses, should take into account patients’ mental health states and make efforts to treat mental health problems.
Hyperoxia in the treatment of traumatic brain injury and stroke
Authors: TOLIAS CHRISTOS M. 
Published: February 2011

SUMMARYTraumatic brain injury and acute ischemic stroke are major causes of mortality and morbidity throughout the world. Treatment in both conditions remains partially successful. In recent years, hyperoxia (increased inspired oxygen concentration), both hyperbaric and normobaric, has shown significant promise as treatment modality in these conditions. We review the recent relevant evidence from human trials and discuss the mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology.
An experiment on the attrition of acid demineralized dentine in vitro
Authors: Li H , Liu MC , Deng M , Moazzez R , Bartlett DW 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackground:  A laboratory investigation was designed to test the hypothesis that acids increase the rate of wear caused by attrition on dentine.Methods:  Dentine sections from 10 teeth were polished, cleaned in an ultrasonic bath and divided into 8 equally sized areas. The occlusal tip of a tooth, placed vertically in a wear machine and loaded at 150 N, was moved against each dentine section for 5000 return strokes with artificial saliva acting as a lubricant. Each dentine section was divided into 8 sections and half randomly immersed in a 1% citric acid solution (pH 2.3) for 20 minutes. The wear regime produced 8 wear scars in total per dentine sample. The volume of each wear scar was measured using a contacting digitizing profilometer.Results:  A total of 80 wear scars were produced with 40 treated with acid and 40 acting as controls. The mean for wear volume of the dentine scars with acid was 4.84 μm3 (1.38) and for the non‐acid surface 2.95 μm3 (0.86). This difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05).Conclusions:  These results support the hypothesis that acids increase the rate of wear caused by attrition on dentine.
Violence, Security and Democracy: Perverse Interfaces and their Implications for States and Citizens in the Global South
Authors: Pearce Jenny , McGee Rosemary , Wheeler Joanna 
Published: February 2011

SummaryHow does violence affect the everyday lives of citizens in the global South? Researching this theme under the aegis of the Violence, Participation and Citizenship group of the Citizenship DRC coordinated by IDS, we generated some answers, but also more questions, which this paper starts to explore. Why have democratisation processes failed to fulfil expectations of violence reduction in the global South? How does violence affect democracy and vice versa? Why does security practice in much of the global South not build secure environments? When examined empirically from the perspectives of poor Southern citizens, the interfaces between violence, security and democracy – assumed in conventional state and democratisation theory to be positive or benign – are often, in fact, perverse.Empirically‐based reflection on these questions leads us to two propositions, which the paper then explores through the use of secondary literature. In essence: Proposition 1: Violence interacts perversely with democratic institutions, eroding their legitimacy and effectiveness. Democracy fails to deliver its promise of replacing the violence with accommodation and compromise, and democratic process is compromised, with citizens reacting by withdrawing from public spaces, accepting the authority of non‐state actors, or supporting hard‐line responses. Proposition 2: Security provision is not making people feel more secure. State responses to rising violence can strengthen state and non‐state security actors committed to reproducing violence, disproportionately affecting the poorest communities.These ‘perverse interfaces’, we argue, warrant research in themselves, rather than minimal or tangential consideration in research on democracy, as tends to be the case. Further research needs to adopt fresh epistemological, methodological and analytical perspectives and seek to re‐think and re‐frame categories and concepts, rather than working within the received wisdoms of state and democratisation theory.
Strategic Planning at Brisbane Airport
Authors: Paul Justin , De Groot Eva 
Published: February 2011

The CEO of Brisbane Airport Corporation (BAC), Koen Rooijmans, and his airport planning executive manager, Mark Willey, were preparing strategic plan for BAC's required development projects to facilitate the forecasted future demand of aircraft traffic movements at Brisbane Airport. This forecast, estimated an 80% increase in the total number of passengers who will use the airport by 2012–13. As a consequence, BAC's current facilities would not be sufficient to handle this increase in operations. Therefore, BAC had to expand its airport by constructing new roads, extending its terminals, and building a new runway. This case takes a look at how BAC's airport planning department implemented its new projects. Before BAC was allowed to expand its airport, the company had to write an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) and a Major Development Plan (MDP). In case of the new runway, all possible problems concerning the community, the environment, noise pollution, and the impact on its current operations had to be considered. Another important issue is the diversification possibility of Brisbane airport as an airport city. In this way, the airport become less dependent on their aeronautical-related revenues that tend to diminish in case of terrorist attacks, economic downturns, and collapsing airlines. Besides providing transportation means, the airport city can also offer exhibition complexes, regional corporate headquarters, entertainment, and retail outlets.
Theosis and Beauty
Authors: Viladesau Richard 
Published: February 2011

Contemporary theology has increasingly attended to the category of the beautiful. The relation of beauty to the theme of theosis implies two questions: Is God beautiful? Does earthly beauty lead to God? A strong Christian tradition sees beauty as a quality of the divine and of grace, sometimes explicitly relating it to divinization. But for Christian theology, the revelation of God in Christ and in his cross transforms the notion of beauty itself to include what in itself seems unattractive. A converted sense of beauty is both the sign of theosis and a means to attaining it. O Lord, save Your people and bless Your inheritance, preserve the fullness of your church; sanctify those who love the beauty of Your House; glorify them in return by your divine power. — Prayer of the Second Antiphon, Divine Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom
We Have Met the Enemy And …
Authors: Mikoski Gordon S. 
Published: February 2011

We live in an age in which … honesty is possible only when it skirts the edges of cynicism. All this is rather tragic. … Yet there is beauty in our tragedy. We are, at least, rid of some of our illusions. We can no longer buy the highest satisfactions of the individual life at the expense of our social injustice. We cannot build individual ladders to heaven and leave the total human enterprise unredeemed of its excesses and corruptions. —Reinhold Niebuhr, Moral Man and Immoral Society