bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fatigue, Inflammation, and ω-3 and ω-6 Fatty Acid Intake Among Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Alfano Catherine M. , Imayama Ikuyo , Neuhouser Marian L. , Kiecolt-Glaser Janice K. , Smith Ashley Wilder , Meeske Kathleen , McTiernan Anne , Bernstein Leslie , Baumgartner Kathy B. , Ulrich Cornelia M. , Ballard-Barbash Rachel 
Published: March 2012

Purpose Evidence suggests that inflammation may drive fatigue in cancer survivors. Research in healthy populations has shown reduced inflammation with higher dietary intake of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which could potentially reduce fatigue. This study investigated fatigue, inflammation, and intake of ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs among breast cancer survivors. Methods Six hundred thirty-three survivors (mean age, 56 years; stage I to IIIA) participating in the Health, Eating, Activity, and Lifestyle Study completed a food frequency/dietary supplement questionnaire and provided a blood sample assayed for C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid A (30 months after diagnosis) and completed the Piper Fatigue Scale and Short Form-36 (SF-36) vitality scale (39 months after diagnosis). Analysis of covariance and logistic regression models tested relationships between inflammation and fatigue, inflammation and ω-3 and ω-6 PUFA intake, and PUFA intake and fatigue, controlling for three incremental levels of confounders. Fatigue was analyzed continuously (Piper scales) and dichotomously (SF-36 vitality ≤ 50). Results Behavioral (P = .003) and sensory (P = .001) fatigue scale scores were higher by increasing CRP tertile; relationships were attenuated after adjustment for medication use and comorbidity. Survivors with high CRP had 1.8 times greater odds of fatigue after full adjustment (P < .05). Higher intake of ω-6 relative to ω-3 PUFAs was associated with greater CRP (P = .01 after full adjustment) and greater odds of fatigue (odds ratio, 2.6 for the highest v lowest intake; P < .05). Conclusion Results link higher intake of ω-3 PUFAs, decreased inflammation, and decreased physical aspects of fatigue. Future studies should test whether ω-3 supplementation may reduce fatigue among significantly fatigued breast cancer survivors.
Population-Based 20-Year Survival Among People Diagnosed With Thin Melanomas in Queensland, Australia
Authors: Green Adèle C. , Baade Peter , Coory Michael , Aitken Joanne F. , Smithers Mark 
Published: March 2012

Purpose The 20-year survival rates are unknown for the majority of melanoma patients—those with thin melanomas. We determined 20-year survival rates of patients diagnosed with thin melanomas (≤ 1.00 mm) in the general population and also determined the main prognostic factors. Patients and Methods Available clinical and histologic data from the Queensland Cancer Registry were obtained for all patients diagnosed with a single thin invasive melanoma from 1982 to 2006 and matched against national death registration data. Melanoma-specific survival estimates to December 31, 2007, were assessed, and subgroup differences in prognosis were determined by fitting multivariate Cox proportional hazard models. Results Among 26,736 people in the state of Queensland diagnosed with thin melanomas, the 20-year survival was 96%. The most influential determinants of prognosis were tumor thickness ≥ 0.75 mm (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 4.33; 95% CI, 2.8 to 6.8 compared with tumors < 0.25 mm) and patient age at diagnosis older than 65 years (HR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.8 to 4.5) compared with age younger than 25 years. Acral lentiginous and nodular tumors, male sex, tumor site on the scalp or neck, or tumor invasion of the entire papillary dermis each independently increased the risk of dying from thin invasive melanoma. Conclusion The outlook for patients with thin invasive melanoma is positive, although continued clinical vigilance is warranted for patients with nodular melanoma and those with the thickest tumors.
Salvage Chemotherapy for Pretreated Gastric Cancer: A Randomized Phase III Trial Comparing Chemotherapy Plus Best Supportive Care With Best Supportive Care Alone
Authors: Kang Jung Hun , Lee Soon Il , Lim Do Hyoung , Park Keon-Woo , Oh Sung Yong , Kwon Hyuk-Chan , Hwang In Gyu , Lee Sang-Cheol , Nam Eunmi , Shin Dong Bok , Lee Jeeyun , Park Joon Oh , Park Young Suk , Lim Ho Yeong , Kang Won Ki , Park Se Hoon 
Published: March 2012

Purpose When designing this trial, there was no evidence that salvage chemotherapy (SLC) in advanced gastric cancer (AGC) resulted in substantial prolongation of survival when compared with best supportive care (BSC). However, SLC is often offered to pretreated patients with AGC for anecdotal reasons. Patients and Methods Patients with AGC with one or two prior chemotherapy regimens involving both fluoropyrimidines and platinum and with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (PS) 0 or 1 were randomly assigned in a ratio of 2:1 to SLC plus BSC or BSC alone. Choice of SLC—either docetaxel 60 mg/m2 every 3 weeks or irinotecan 150 mg/m2 every 2 weeks—was left to the discretion of investigators. Primary end point was overall survival (OS). Results Median OS was 5.3 months among 133 patients in the SLC arm and 3.8 months among 69 patients in the BSC arm (hazard ratio, 0.657; 95% CI, 0.485 to 0.891; one-sided P = .007). OS benefit for SLC was consistent in most of the prospectively defined subgroups, including age, PS, number of prior treatments, metastatic sites, hemoglobin levels, and response to prior chemotherapy. SLC was generally well tolerated, and adverse events were similar in the SLC and BSC arms. We found no median OS difference between docetaxel and irinotecan (5.2 v 6.5 months; P = .116). Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the largest phase III trial comparing SLC plus BSC with BSC alone in AGC. In pretreated patients, SLC is tolerated and significantly improves OS when added to BSC.
How Safe Is the Outpatient Management of Patients with Acute Chest Pain and Mildly Increased Cardiac Troponin Concentrations?
Authors: Meune Christophe , Reichlin Tobias , Irfan Affan , Schaub Nora , Twerenbold Raphael , Meissner Julia , Reiter Miriam , Lüthi Adrian , Haaf Philip , Balmelli Cathrin , Drexler Beatrice , Winkler Katrin , Hochholzer Willibald , Osswald Stefan , Mueller Christian 
Published: March 2012

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The appropriate management of patients discharged from the emergency department (ED) with increased high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) but normal or borderline-high conventional cardiac troponin concentrations is unknown.

METHODS
We investigated 643 consecutive ED patients with acute chest pain who had been discharged for outpatient management after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) had been ruled out by serial measurements of conventional cardiac troponin. hs-cTnT was measured blindly, and we calculated the rates of all-cause mortality (primary endpoint) and subsequent AMI (secondary endpoint) at 30, 90, and 360 days.

RESULTS
hs-cTnT concentrations were increased (&gt;14 ng/L) in 114 patients (18%) but &lt;30 ng/L in 95% of these patients. Of those 114 patients, 96 (84%) had an adjudicated noncoronary cause of chest pain. Thirty-day mortality (95% CI) was 0.9% (0.1%–6.1%), 90-day mortality was 2.7% (0.9%–8.1%), and 360-day mortality was 5.2% (2.2%–11.9%) in patients with increased hs-cTnT; respective rates (95% CI) of AMI were 0.0%, 1.9% (0.5%–7.2%), and 7.6% (3.7%–15.3%). Increased hs-cTnT was associated with increased mortality and AMI at 90 days (P = 0.006 and P = 0.081, respectively) and 360 days (P = 0.001 for both).

CONCLUSIONS
hs-cTnT is a strong prognosticator of intermediate and long-term mortality and AMI in low-risk patients discharged from the ED after AMI has been ruled out. The relatively low rate of 30-day events may suggest that patients without acute coronary syndrome and small increases in cardiac troponin are in need of further investigations and treatments, but not necessarily immediate hospitalization.
Getting ‘do’ in Croatian. Goals, boundaries and more in prefixal semantics
Authors: Brala-Vukanović Marija , Memišević Anita 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The focus of this paper is on the semantics of the Croatian prefix ‘do-’, or, more specifically, on its contribution to the verbal semantics and the resulting network of senses realized by all the ‘do-’ prefixed verbs in standard Croatian. Following a brief review of the current most influential theoretical treatments of the semantics of the Croatian ‘do-’, which is complemented by a brief review of the analyses of ‘do-’ in Polish and Russian, the central portion of the paper is represented by a detailed and systematic analysis and of the semantic components but also syntactic requirements of all the ‘do-’ prefixed Croatian verbs. In the conclusive part of the paper the authors propose a semantic network accommodating all the senses expressed by Croatian ‘do-’ prefixed verbs, which is interestingly paralleled by systematic syntactic requirements of ‘do-’ prefixed verbs falling into different semantic subcategories.
Zur ältesten Geschichte der deutsch-polnischen Lexikographie. Wörterbücher aus dem 16. und 17. Jahrhundert
Authors: Budziak Renata 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The subject of the article are the oldest works on the subject of lexicography. Its origins go back to the 1630s and originate from a tradition of multilingual dictionaries in which Latin was the leading (or initial language). In the mid-17th century the first German-Polish-Latin dictionary was published and towards the end of the 17th century the first German-Polish dictionary in which Latin was not included.
Effect on Infant Illness of Maternal Supplementation With 400 000 IU Vs 200 000 IU of Vitamin A
Authors: Fernandes Taciana Fernanda dos Santos , Figueiroa José Natal , Grande de Arruda Ilma Kruze , Diniz Alcides da Silva 
Published: March 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Postpartum vitamin A supplementation is a strategy used to combat vitamin A deficiency and seems to reduce maternal/infant morbidity and mortality. However, studies have shown that a dose of 200 000 IU (World Health Organization [WHO] protocol) does not seem to provide adequate retinol levels in maternal breast milk, infant serum, and infant tissue. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of postpartum maternal supplementation with 400 000 IU (International Vitamin A Consultative Group protocol) compared with 200 000 IU of vitamin A on infant morbidity.

METHODS:
This was a randomized controlled, triple-blinded clinical trial conducted at 2 public maternity hospitals in Recife in northeastern Brazil. There were 276 mother–child pairs that were allocated to 2 treatment groups: 400 000 IU or 200 000 IU of vitamin A. They were followed up for &gt;6 months to evaluate infant morbidity.

RESULTS:
Fever (rate ratio [RR]: 0.92 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.75–1.14]), diarrhea (RR: 0.96 [95% CI: 0.72–1.28]), otitis (RR: 0.94 [95% CI: 0.48–1.85]), acute respiratory infection (RR: 1.03 [95% CI: 0.88–1.21]), the need for intravenous rehydration (RR: 2.08 [95% CI: 0.64–2.07]), and the use of antibiotic treatment (RR: 0.80 [95% CI: 0.43–1.47]) did not differ significantly between the 2 treatment groups.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our findings suggest that postpartum maternal supplementation with 400 000 IU of vitamin A does not provide any additional benefits in the reduction of illness in children aged &lt;6 months; therefore, we do not support the proposal to increase the standard vitamin A dose in the existing WHO protocol.
Proinflammatory and Anti‐Inflammatory Cytokines in Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Serum of Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis and Patients With Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Cetinkaya Burcu , Guzeldemir Esra , Ogus Ersin , Bulut Sule 
Published: March 2012

Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate proinflammatory and anti‐inflammatory cytokine levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and chronic periodontitis (CP) patients to assess whether cytokine profiles distinguish patients with RA and patients with CP while using healthy patients as background controls.Methods: A total of 49 patients, 17 patients with RA (three males and 14 females; mean age: 47.82 ± 10.74 years), 16 patients with CP (10 males and six females; mean age: 44.00 ± 7.00 years), and 16 controls (eight males and eight females; mean age: 28.06 ± 6.18 years) were enrolled. Patients with RA were under the supervision of rheumatologists; 15 of the patients with RA were being treated with methotrexate–sulfasalazine combined therapy, and two of the patients were being treated with leflunomid therapy. Periodontal parameters (plaque index, gingival index, probing depth, and clinical attachment level) were recorded. Interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐4, IL‐10, and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) were determined in GCF and IL‐1β and IL‐10 in serum by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.Results: There were significant differences found among RA, CP, and control groups for all periodontal parameters (P <0.05). The total amount and concentration of GCF IL‐1 β, IL‐4, IL‐10, and TNF‐α were similar in RA and CP patients (P >0.05). Although the total amount and concentration of serum IL‐10 was not significantly different among the groups (P >0.05), serum IL‐1β was significantly lower in the RA group compared to CP patients and controls and was higher in GCF of the RA group compared to the CP group.Conclusions: Although clinical periodontal disease parameters indicated more severe periodontal disease in CP compared to RA patients, immunologic evaluation did not reveal consistent results regarding proinflammatory and anti‐inflammatory cytokine levels. This might be a result of the use of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and rheumatoid agents by patients with RA.
The Lifetime Direct Cost of Periodontal Treatment: A Case Study From a Norwegian Specialist Practice
Authors: Fardal Øystein , O'Neill Ciaran , Gjermo Per , Fardal Elizabeth , Sandvik Leiv , Hansen B. Frode , Linden Gerard J 
Published: March 2012

Background: Successful periodontal treatment requires a commitment to regular lifelong maintenance and may be perceived by patients to be costly. This study calculates the total lifetime cost of periodontal treatment in the setting of a specialist periodontal practice and investigates the cost implications of choosing not to proceed with such treatment.Methods: Data from patients treated in a specialist practice in Norway were used to calculate the total lifetime cost of periodontal treatment that included baseline periodontal treatment, regular maintenance, retreatment, and replacing teeth lost during maintenance. Incremental costs for alternative strategies based on opting to forego periodontal treatment or maintenance and to replace any teeth lost with either bridgework or implants were calculated.Results: Patients who completed baseline periodontal treatment but did not have any additional maintenance or retreatment could replace only three teeth with bridgework or two teeth with implants before the cost of replacing additional teeth would exceed the cost of lifetime periodontal treatment. Patients who did not have any periodontal treatment could replace ≤4 teeth with bridgework or implants before a replacement strategy became more expensive.Conclusions: Within the limits of the assumptions made, periodontal treatment in a Norwegian specialist periodontal practice is cost‐effective when compared to an approach that relies on opting to replace teeth lost as a result of progressive periodontitis with fixed restorations. In particular, patients who have initial comprehensive periodontal treatment but do not subsequently comply with maintenance could, on average, replace ≤3 teeth with bridgework or two teeth with implants before this approach would exceed the direct cost of lifetime periodontal treatment in the setting of the specialist practice studied.
The Choice of the Best Surgery After Single Level Anterior Cervical Spine Discectomy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Botelho Ricardo Vieira , dos Santos Buscariolli Yuri , de Barros Vasconcelos Fernandes Serra Marcus Vinicius Flores , Bellini Marcia Nogueira Pires , Bernardo Wanderley Marques 
Published: March 2012

Background:
The anterior cervical discectomy (ACD) is often used to treat spinal cord and nerve root compressions and the frequent use of interbody fusion (ACDF) has popularized it as a common practice associated or not with cages or plates for maintaining the intervertebral disc height.

Objective:
The aim of this study is to clarify the effectiveness of ACD compared with ACDF, with or without the use of anterior cervical spacer (Cage) or instrumentation with plate fixation (ACDFI).

Methods:
randomized controlled trials or quasi-randomized trials were selected for analysis in one segmental level. The comparison criteria were the rates of success and failure with surgery (Odom’s’ criteria), fusion rates and kyphosis rates. Electronic search was made in the MEDLINE database (Pubmed), in the Central Registry of randomized trials of Cochrane database and EMBASE.

Results:
Seven studies were selected for analysis.

Conclusion:
Implications for practice: There is moderate evidence that clinical results of ACD and ACDF are not significant different. There is moderate evidence that addition of intervertebral cage enhance clinical results.There is moderate evidence that anterior cervical plate does not change the clinical results of ACD.
There is moderate evidence that ACD produce more segmental kyphosis than ACDF and ACDFI, with use of cage or plate.There is moderate evidence that ACD produce lower rate of fusion than ACDF and than the cages. There is limited evidence of the lower capacity of PMMA to produce fusion. There is limited evidence that fused patients have better outcome than non fused patients.
Using Nonfinancial Measures to Improve Fraud Risk Assessments
Authors: Ames Daniel , Brazel Joseph F. , Jones Keith L. , Rich Jay S. , Zimbelman Mark F. 
Published: March 2012

SUMMARY
Nonfinancial measures (e.g., number of employees, square feet of operations, independent customer satisfaction, number of customer accounts) can be helpful in assessing the risk of revenue frauds. Companies committing such frauds may have a hard time falsifying nonfinancial measures, especially those produced independently (e.g., customer satisfaction). Auditors can benefit from examining relationships between nonfinancial measures and financial measures to validate financial statement data. A recent study, “Using Nonfinancial Measures to Assess Fraud Risk” (Brazel et al. 2009), provides empirical evidence concerning the relationship between various nonfinancial measures and revenue frauds. This article may be useful as a reference for auditors, or as a teaching tool in the classroom, as it reviews and summarizes Brazel et al.'s (2009) study and provides specific actual examples.
Substantial Increase in Incidence of Severe Hypoglycemia Between 1997–2000 and 2007–2010
Authors: Holstein Andreas , Patzer Olaf M. , Machalke Kathrin , Holstein Judith D. , Stumvoll Michael , Kovacs Peter 
Published: March 2012

OBJECTIVE
To compare the incidences of severe hypoglycemia and corresponding clinical circumstances in a German population between 2007–2010 and 1997–2000.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A screening for severe hypoglycemia was performed in the Lippe-Detmold area in Germany to sensitively detect severe hypoglycemia. This was defined as a symptomatic event requiring treatment with intravenous glucose and being confirmed by a blood glucose measurement of &lt;50 mg/dL.

RESULTS
Severe hypoglycemia increased considerably from 264 events in 1997–2000 to 495 events in 2007–2010, which translated into an increase in frequency of severe hypoglycemia among all emergency admissions from 0.68 to 0.83% (P = 0.015). This was mostly related to intensification of antihyperglycemic therapy, particularly in the increasingly morbid group of hypoglycemic patients with type 2 diabetes indicated by lower HbA1c, more comedication (3.3 vs. 7.7 drugs), and more concomitant diseases (3.6 vs. 4.4) (all P values &lt;0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
Within a 10-year period, there was an intensification of antihyperglycemic therapy in increasingly comorbid subjects, leading to a considerably higher incidence of severe hypoglycemia.
Association of Diabetes and HbA1c Levels With Gastrointestinal Manifestations
Authors: Tseng Ping-Huei , Lee Yi-Chia , Chiu Han-Mo , Chen Chien-Chuan , Liao Wei-Chih , Tu Chia-Hung , Yang Wei-Shiung , Wu Ming-Shiang 
Published: March 2012

OBJECTIVE
To determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) in a Taiwanese population undergoing bidirectional endoscopies.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Subjects voluntarily undergoing upper endoscopy/colonoscopy as part of a medical examination at the National Taiwan University Hospital were recruited during 2009. Diagnosis of DM included past history of DM, fasting plasma glucose ≥126 mg/dL, or glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥6.5%. Comparisons were made between diabetic and nondiabetic subjects, subjects with lower and higher HbA1c levels, and diabetic subjects with and without complications, respectively, for their GI symptoms, noninvasive GI testing results, and endoscopic findings.

RESULTS
Among 7,770 study subjects, 722 (9.3%) were diagnosed with DM. The overall prevalence of GI symptoms was lower in DM subjects (30.3 vs. 35.4%, P = 0.006). In contrast, the prevalence of erosive esophagitis (34.3 vs. 28.6%, P = 0.002), Barrett's esophagus (0.6 vs. 0.1%, P = 0.001), peptic ulcer disease (14.8 vs. 8.5%, P &lt; 0.001), gastric neoplasms (1.8 vs. 0.7%, P = 0.003), and colonic neoplasms (26.6 vs. 16.5%, P &lt; 0.001) was higher in diabetic subjects. Diagnostic accuracy of immunochemical fecal occult blood test for colonic neoplasms was significantly decreased in DM (70.7 vs. 81.7%, P &lt; 0.001). Higher HbA1c levels were associated with a decrease of GI symptoms and an increase of endoscopic abnormalities. Diabetic subjects with complications had a higher prevalence of colonic neoplasms (39.2 vs. 24.5%, P = 0.002) than those without.

CONCLUSIONS
DM and higher levels of HbA1c were associated with lower prevalence of GI symptoms but higher prevalence of endoscopic abnormalities.