bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Work organization and occupational health: Perspectives from Latinos employed on crop and horse breeding farms
Authors: Swanberg Jennifer E. , Clouser Jess Miller , Westneat Susan 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundAgriculture is hazardous and increasingly dependent on Latino workers, a vulnerable population. However, little research has studied how work organization influences Latino farmworker health.MethodsUsing a work organization framework, this cross‐sectional study describes and compares the work organization and occupational health characteristics of a sample of Latino crop (n = 49) and horse production (n = 54) workers in Kentucky.ResultsCrop workers experienced more physical demands, work‐related and environmental stressors, and musculoskeletal and ill‐health symptoms. Significantly more crop workers indicated work‐related illness or missed work due to work‐related illness/injury, though one‐fourth of both groups reported work‐related injury in the past year. A majority of both groups cited exposure to toxic chemicals, a minority of whom received training on their use.ConclusionFurther surveillance is needed to understand the rate and precursors of illness/injury in these populations, as is research on the relationship between supervisory practices, psychosocial stressors, and occupational health. Am. J. Ind. Med. 55:714–728, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stress and cognitive function in Latino Farmworkers
Authors: Nguyen Ha T. , Quandt Sara A. , Grzywacz Joseph G. , Chen Haiying , Galván Leonardo , Kitner‐Triolo Melissa H. , Arcury Thomas A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundJob stress has been associated with cognitive function, but the relationship is often overlooked when considering occupational health and safety issues of farmworkers. This study examined the relationship between stress and change in stress with change in cognitive function in a representative sample of 123 Latino farmworkers.MethodsA prospective study design was used in which stress and cognitive function data were collected at baseline and at 3‐month follow‐up. Linear regression models were used for analyses. Potential confounders included baseline gender, age, education, number of years worked in U.S. agriculture, ever smoking status, self‐rated health, and depressive symptoms.ResultsBaseline stress was significantly correlated with baseline cognitive function (r = −0.27; P < 0.001). Adjusting for confounders, increased baseline stress was associated with greater decline in cognitive function (P = 0.024). Short‐term changes in stress were not associated with cognitive change in this cohort.ConclusionsStress at work is an important risk factor for poor cognitive function. This analysis suggests several implications for the provision of health care and for the organization of work for farmworkers. Am. J. Ind. Med. 55:707–713, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thrombin facilitates seizures through activation of persistent sodium current
Authors: Isaeva Elena , Hernan Amanda , Isaev Dmytro , Holmes Gregory L. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjective:An epileptic seizure is frequently the presenting sign of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) caused by stroke, head trauma, hypertension, and a wide spectrum of disorders. However, the cellular mechanisms responsible for occurrence of seizures during ICH have not been established. During intracerebral bleeding, blood constituents enter the neuronal tissue and produce both an acute and a delayed effect on brain functioning. Among the blood components, only thrombin has been shown to evoke seizures immediately after entering brain tissue. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that thrombin increases neuronal excitability in the immature brain through alteration of voltage‐gated sodium channels.Methods:The thrombin effect on neuronal excitability and voltage‐gated sodium channels was assessed using extracellular and intracellular recording techniques in the hippocampal slice preparation of immature rats.Results:We show that thrombin increased neuronal excitability in the immature hippocampus in an N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate–independent manner. Application of thrombin did not alter transient voltage‐gated sodium channels and action potential threshold. However, thrombin significantly depolarized the membrane potential and produced a hyperpolarizing shift of tetrodotoxin‐sensitive persistent voltage‐gated sodium channel activation. This effect of thrombin was attenuated by application of protease‐activated receptor‐1 and protein kinase C antagonists.Interpretation:Our data indicate that thrombin amplifies the persistent voltage‐gated sodium current affecting resting membrane potential and seizure threshold at the network level. Our results provide a novel explanation as to how ICH in newborns results in seizures, which may provide avenues for therapeutic intervention in the prevention of post‐ICH seizures. ANN NEUROL 2012;72:192–198.
miR‐206 regulates brain‐derived neurotrophic factor in Alzheimer disease model
Authors: Lee Soon‐Tae , Chu Kon , Jung Keun‐Hwa , Kim Jin Hee , Huh Ji‐Young , Yoon Hyejin , Park Dong‐Kyu , Lim Ji‐Yeon , Kim Jeong‐Min , Jeon Daejong , Ryu Hoon , Lee Sang Kun , Kim Manho , Roh Jae‐Kyu 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjective:Alzheimer disease (AD) brains are deficient in brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which regulates synaptic plasticity and memory. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are ∼22‐nucleotide small noncoding RNAs that control a variety of physiological and disease processes. Here, we show that miR‐206 regulates BDNF and memory function in AD mice.Methods:Expression of miRNAs was analyzed in Tg2576 AD transgenic mice and human AD brain samples. Regulation of BDNF by a selected miRNA was validated by in silico prediction, target gene luciferase assay, and dendritic spine responses in neurons. AM206, a neutralizing inhibitor of miR‐206 (antagomir), was injected into the third ventricle of Tg2576 mice, after which memory function, synaptogenesis, neurogenesis, and target gene expression were assessed. For noninvasive delivery, antagomirs were administered intranasally.Results:The brains of Tg2576 mice and the temporal cortex of human AD brains had increased levels of miR‐206. This miRNA targeted BDNF transcripts, and AM206 prevented the detrimental effects of amyloid‐β42 on BDNF and dendritic spine degeneration in Tg2576 neurons. Injection of AM206 into the cerebral ventricles of AD mice increased the brain levels of BDNF and improved their memory function. In parallel, AM206 enhanced the hippocampal synaptic density and neurogenesis. Furthermore, intranasally administered AM206 also reached the brain and increased BDNF levels and memory function in AD mice.Interpretation:Our findings demonstrate a novel miRNA‐dependent regulation of BDNF in AD and suggest possible therapeutic approaches, such as noninvasive intranasal delivery of AM206. ANN NEUROL 2012;72:269–277.
Oxidation durch Wasserstoff in der Chemie und Physik der Seltenerdmetalle
Authors: Simon Arndt 
Published: March 2012

AbstractDie Seltenerdmetalle (SE) nehmen leicht Wasserstoff auf, dessen Bindung jahrzehntelang kontrovers im Sinne eines “Protonenmodells” oder, alternativ, eines “Anionenmodells” diskutiert wurde. Eingehende Untersuchungen an metallreichen Verbindungen der Seltenerdmetalle belegen den Einbau des Wasserstoffs als Hydridanion. Bezüglich der Aufnahme von Wasserstoff lassen sich verschiedene Verbindungsklassen unterscheiden. Überschüssige Valenzelektronen in metallreichen Halogeniden mit Metall‐Metall‐Bindung werden häufig durch Bildung von Hydridhalogeniden, etwa SEXHn, gebunden. Es gibt jedoch auch Ausnahmen wie LaI, eine Verbindung, die aufgrund spezieller elektronischer und elektrostatischer Bedingungen keinen Wasserstoff aufnimmt. Das Gegenteil gilt für La2C3, das keine überschüssigen Valenzelektronen an den Metallatomen aufweist. Dennoch bildet sich bei der erstaunlich niedrigen Temperatur von 450 K bereits die amorphe Phase La2C3H1.5. Die Aufnahme von Wasserstoff äußert sich in drastischen Änderungen der elektrischen und magnetischen Eigenschaften, z. B. in der Ausbildung eines Spinglaszustandes oder eines kolossalen Magnetwiderstandes durch spezielle Wechselwirkungen zwischen den 4fn‐Rümpfen bei den Lanthanoiden.
Oxidation by Hydrogen in the Chemistry and Physics of the Rare‐Earth Metals
Authors: Simon Arndt 
Published: March 2012

AbstractRare‐earth metals (RE) easily react with hydrogen. For decades the bonding of hydrogen has been discussed controversially in terms of either the “proton model” or the “anion model”. Detailed investigations of metal‐rich compounds of the rare‐earth metals provide clear evidence for the incorporation of hydrogen as a hydride anion. Several categories of compounds can be distinguished regarding their behavior towards hydrogen. Low‐valence compounds with metal–metal bonding frequently provide their excess electrons to form hydride ions as found with the halide hydrides REXHn. However, there are exceptions, such as, LaI which does not react with hydrogen as a result of special electronic and electrostatic conditions. The opposite is true with La2C3 although this compound does not provide excess metal valence electrons. An amorphous phase La2C3H1.5 forms at very low temperature, around 450 K. The presence of hydrogen strongly influences the electrical and magnetic properties, for example, spin‐glass formation and colossal magneto resistance arising in the presence of 4fn cores with the lanthanoid elements.
In vivo measurements of electrical conductivity of porcine organs at low frequency: New method of measurement
Authors: Spottorno J. , Multigner M. , Rivero G. , Álvarez L. , de la Venta J. , Santos M. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractCalculations of the induced currents created in the human body by external electromagnetic fields would be more accurate provided that more realistic experimental values of the electrical properties of the body were available. The purpose of this work is to experimentally obtain values for the conductivity of living organs in conditions close to the real situation. Two‐electrode in vivo measurements of the bioimpedance of some porcine organs have been performed. From these measurements and taking into account geometrical considerations, the electrical conductivity for the kidney, liver, heart, and spinal cord has been obtained and were found to be higher than the values reported in the literature. Furthermore, a new experimental procedure is proposed where the conductivity is determined from the values of the electrical potential and currents that are induced by an external electromagnetic field created by a coil placed close to the organ under study. Bioelectromagnetics 33:612–619, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Self‐reported antidepressant use among depressed, low‐income homebound older adults: class, type, correlates, and perceived effectiveness
Authors: Choi Namkee G. , Bruce Martha L. , Sirrianni Leslie , Marinucci Mary Lynn , Kunik Mark E. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractLittle research has been done on the use of antidepressants among homebound older adults, especially low‐income homebound older adults, and their perceptions of the effectiveness of their medication. The purposes of this study were to examine self‐reported use of antidepressants among depressed homebound older adults, class and type of antidepressants used, individual‐level correlates of antidepressant use, and users’ perceptions of the effectiveness of antidepressants. Data on self‐reported use of antidepressants were obtained as part of a feasibility study of short‐term telehealth problem‐solving therapy for depressed low‐income homebound adults (n= 162) aged 50 or older. The 24‐item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD) was used to assess depression severity. The findings show that about half of the study participants were taking antidepressants, with 26.6% of those on antidepressants rating their medications very effective and 21.5% rating them effective. Female gender was positively, but older age and being Black/African American were negatively associated with the likelihood of antidepressant use. Perceived effectiveness of antidepressants was negatively associated with older age and the HAMD score. The findings suggest that personalized approaches to depression management may be needed in subgroups of depressed older adults, including culturally tailored medication counseling in Black/African‐American older adults.
N(3)‐Protection of Thymidine with Boc for an Easy Synthetic Access to Sugar‐Alkylated Nucleoside Analogs
Authors: Simeone Luca , De Napoli Lorenzo , Montesarchio Daniela 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe use of Boc as a nucleobase‐protecting group in the synthesis of sugar‐modified thymidine analogs is reported. Boc was easily inserted at N(3) by a simple and high‐yielding reaction and found to be stable to standard treatments for the removal of Ac and tBuMe2Si (TBDMS) groups, as well as to ZnBr2‐mediated 4,4′‐dimethoxytrityl (DMTr) deprotection. Boc Protection proved to be completely resistant to the strong basic conditions required to regioselectively achieve O‐alkylation, therefore, providing synthetic access to a variety of sugar‐alkylated nucleoside analogs. To demonstrate the feasibility of this approach, two 3′‐O‐alkylated thymidine analogs have been synthesized in high overall yields and fully characterized.
Chemical and Morphological Diversity in Wild Populations of Mentha longifolia in Israel
Authors: Segev Daniel , Nitzan Nadav , Chaimovitsh David , Eshel Amram , Dudai Nativ 
Published: March 2012

AbstractPopulations of Mentha longifolia, an endangered species in Israel, were tested for essential oil composition and conservational ability. In 2002–2003, 25 wild populations country‐wide were tested, indicating population divergence into two chemotypes. Chemotype A was characterized by high levels of menthone and pulegone, and chemotype B by high levels of piperitenone oxide and piperitone oxide. Chemotype A was more abundant (22 of 25 populations) than chemotype B (11 of 25 populations). However, a chemotype/population interaction was not recorded (P > 0.05). In spring 2003, seven of the 25 wild populations were resampled, propagated, and cultivated at the Newe Ya'ar campus. Then, in 2004, the propagated plants were tested for essential oil composition. The propagated plants maintained the essential oil composition as well as the chemotype‐frequency distribution of the original wild population from which they were obtained. Since a chemotype/population interaction was not recorded, and the cultivated plants displayed the wild population essential oil composition, it can be concluded that i) the chemotype diversity is genetically based, and ii) the M. longifolia populations sampled can be horticulturally conserved.
Essential Oil Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Wild and Cultivated Moroccan Achillea ageratum L.: a Rare and Threatened Medicinal Species
Authors: El Bouzidi Laila , Abbad Abdelaziz , Hassani Lahcen , Fattarsi Karine , Leach David , Markouk Mohammed , Legendre Laurent , Bekkouche Khalid 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe essential oils of leaves and flowers of the wild and cultivated Moroccan Achillea ageratum L., a rare and threatened medicinal species, were examined by GC/MS, and their chemical compositions were compared. At least nine components were identified in both wild and cultivated A. ageratum oils, representing more than 95% of the oils. Artemisyl acetate (62.34–78.79%), yomogi alcohol (4.89–12.40%), santolina alcohol (4.86–11.77%), and artemisia alcohol (3.36–7.04%) were the major compounds. Terpene‐alcohol proportion was higher in wild A. ageratum than in cultivated A. ageratum. The antibacterial analysis showed that both oils presented high activity against all the studied Gram‐positive strains in a range of MIC values from 2.55 to 7.02 mg/ml, but they appeared not effective against the tested Gram‐negative ones (MIC values 20.40–41.10 mg/ml). They also exhibited remarkable antifungal activities against Candida species with MIC values ranging from 5.83 to 8.42 mg/ml. From these results, it was concluded that domestication of this threatened medicinal species using clonal propagation did not significantly affect its chemical composition and consequently its antimicrobial properties.
Comparative Chemical Composition of the Essential Oils Obtained by Microwave‐Assisted Hydrodistillation and Hydrodistillation from Agrimonia pilosaLedeb. Collected in Three Different Regions of China
Authors: Wang Hongwu , Liu Yanqing , Wei Shoulian , Yan Zijun , Jin Xing 
Published: March 2012

AbstractConventional hydrodistillation (HD) and microwave‐assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD) were performed to obtain the volatile oils of Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. harvested in three different regions of China, which were subsequently characterized by GC‐FID and GC/MS analyses. Compared with HD, MAHD was advantageous in terms of energy savings and extraction time (60 vs. 240 min for MAHD and HD, resp.). The chemical composition varied among the different oils obtained, and the variations in the contents of the main constituents of the oils were irregular. Hence, these variations affected both the quantity and composition of the oils. The oil yields (0.15–0.21%) were affected by the method of extraction and the region of harvest, with the maximum amount of oil obtained by MAHD for the plants collected in Hubei (HB) and the minimum yield obtained by HD for the plants from Zhejing (ZJ). Hexadecanoic acid constituted the major compound of the essential oils, with the highest content found in the oil obtained by HD for plants from HB (41.18%) and the lowest one found in the oil obtained by MAHD from plants from ZJ (11.83%). Microwave irradiation did not adversely affect the composition of the essential oils. The findings show that MAHD is a modern, green, and fast technology.
Understanding How H‐NOX (Heme Nitric Oxide/Oxygen) Domain Works Needs First Clarifying How Diatomic Gases Are Relocated Inside This Sensing Protein. A Molecular‐Mechanics Approach
Authors: Pietra Francesco 
Published: March 2012

AbstractH‐NOX (Heme Nitric Oxide/Oxygen) domain has widespread occurrence, either standalone or associated with functional proteins, sending signals for functions that span from modulating vasodilation and neurotransmission with humans to competition and symbiosis with bacteria. Understanding how H‐NOX works, and possibly intervening on degeneration for health purposes, needs first clarifying how diatomic gases are relocated through this protein in relation to the deeply buried heme. To this end, a biased form of molecular dynamics, i.e., Random Accelaration Molecular Dynamics (RAMD), is used by applying a randomly oriented tiny force to heme‐dissociated CO of Nostoc sp. H‐NOX, while changing randomly the direction of the force, if CO travels less than specified for the evaluated block. The result is that a large area of the protein, comprising amino acids from serine 44 to leucine 67 along two adjacent helices, offers a broad portal to CO from the surrounding medium to the deeply buried heme. Most traffic is concentrated through a channel lined by tyrosine 49, valine 52, and leucine 67. This modifies the picture drawn from mapping Xe cavities on pressurizing Nostoc sp. H‐NOX with Xe gas. What is the main pathway with Xe‐cavity mapping becomes a minor pathway with RAMD, and vice versa. The reason is that the fluctuating protein under MD creates clefts for CO slipping through, as it is expected to occur in nature.
The use of the trellis‐6 thrombectomy device in the management of acute limb ischemia due to native vessel occlusion: Challenges, tips, and limitations
Authors: Daly Brendan , Patel Mitul , Prasad Anand 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe role of endovascular therapy is expanding in the treatment of acute limb ischemia (ALI). In addition to catheter‐based thrombolysis, there are multiple devices which allow for clot disruption and aspiration. The Trellis catheter system provides mechanical agitation of thrombus coupled with chemical thrombolysis. We present two cases of native arterial occlusions in which the Trellis catheter was used for thrombolysis. Procedural tips and challenges associated with the use of this device in native vessels are discussed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bare metal stenting for obstructed small diameter homograft conduits in the right ventricular outflow tract
Authors: Carr Michelle , Bergersen Lisa , Marshall Audrey C. , Keane John F. , Lock James E. , Emani Sitaram M. , McElhinney Doff B. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectiveOur aim was to assess acute hemodynamic changes with stent insertion, outcomes, and factors associated with increased longevity of stented small diameter homograft conduits.BackgroundRight ventricle‐to‐pulmonary artery (RV‐PA) homograft conduits are commonly used to palliate RV outflow tract obstruction. Bare metal stenting (BMS) and transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation have been shown to relieve obstructed larger diameter conduits and may delay surgical conduit reintervention. Less is known about BMS of small conduits.Methods and ResultsFrom 1992 to 2009, BMS was performed to relieve obstruction in 106 homograft conduits that were ≤12 mm at implant. The peak RV‐PA gradient fell from 54.3 ± 17.4 mm Hg at baseline to 46.1 ± 15.2 mm Hg after balloon dilation alone and to 25.1 ± 11.4 mm Hg with stenting (all P < 0.001). Higher pre‐BMS gradient and RV pressure were the only factors associated with higher post‐BMS RV‐PA gradient (≥30 mm Hg; both P < 0.001). There were no procedural deaths, two patients required surgical removal of embolized stents. At a median follow‐up of 1.6 years, 83 conduits were replaced; freedom from conduit reoperation after BMS was 66% ± 5% at 1 year and 28% ± 5% at 3 years. Factors associated with shorter freedom from reoperation included implanted conduit diameter <10 mm (P = 0.009), higher post‐stent RV‐PA gradient (P = 0.026), and higher post‐stent RV pressure (P < 0.01); only post‐stent RV pressure remained significant on multivariable analysis (P < 0.001).ConclusionBMS was acutely effective for the treatment of obstructed small diameter homograft conduits, with low morbidity. Prolongation of small diameter homograft conduit longevity with BMS may be useful in the lifetime management of conduit dysfunction in this patient population. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.