bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complex B1 mapping and electrical properties imaging of the human brain using a 16‐channel transceiver coil at 7T
Authors: Zhang Xiaotong , de Moortele Pierre‐Francois Van , Schmitter Sebastian , He Bin 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe electric properties of biological tissue provide important diagnostic information within radio and microwave frequencies, and also play an important role in specific absorption rate calculation which is a major safety concern at ultrahigh field. The recently proposed electrical properties tomography (EPT) technique aims to reconstruct electric properties in biological tissues based on B1 measurement. However, for individual coil element in multichannel transceiver coil which is increasingly utilized at ultrahigh field, current B1‐mapping techniques could not provide adequate information (magnitude and absolute phase) of complex transmit and receive B1 which are essential for electrical properties tomography, electric field, and quantitative specific absorption rate assessment. In this study, using a 16‐channel transceiver coil at 7T, based on hybrid B1‐mapping techniques within the human brain, a complex B1‐mapping method has been developed, and in vivo electric properties imaging of the human brain has been demonstrated by applying a logarithm‐based inverse algorithm. Computer simulation studies as well as phantom and human experiments have been conducted at 7T. The average bias and standard deviation for reconstructed conductivity in vivo were 28% and 67%, and 10% and 43% for relative permittivity, respectively. The present results suggest the feasibility and reliability of proposed complex B1‐mapping technique and electric properties reconstruction method. Magn Reson Med, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A B‐spline approach to phase unwrapping in tagged cardiac MRI for motion tracking
Authors: Chiang Patricia , Cai Yiyu , Mak Koon Hou , Zheng Jianmin 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA novel B‐Spline based approach to phase unwrapping in tagged magnetic resonance images is proposed for cardiac motion tracking. A bicubic B‐spline surface is used to model the absolute phase. The phase unwrapping problem is formulated as a mixed integer optimization problem that minimizes the sum of the difference between the spatial gradients of absolute and wrapped phases, and the difference between the rewrapped and wrapped phases. In contrast to the existing techniques for motion tracking, the proposed approach can overcome the limitation of interframe half‐tag displacement and increase the robustness of motion tracking. The article further presents a hybrid harmonic phase imaging‐B‐spline method to take the advantage of the harmonic phase imaging method for small motion and the efficiency of the B‐Spline approach for large motion. The proposed approach has been successively applied to a full set of cardiac MRI scans in both long and short axis slices with superior performance when compared with the harmonic phase imaging and quality guided path‐following methods. Magn Reson Med, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
4‐T 7Li 3D MR spectroscopy imaging in the brains of bipolar disorder subjects
Authors: Lee Jing‐Huei , Adler Caleb , Norris Matthew , Chu Wen‐Jang , Fugate Elizabeth M. , Strakowski Stephen M. , Komoroski Richard A. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThis work demonstrates the first whole brain “high spatial resolution” 7Li MR spectroscopy imaging in bipolar disorder subjects. The in vivo quantification is validated by a phantom containing 5 mM lithium salt using the identical radiofrequency sequence and imaging protocol. This study is the first demonstration of the 7Li distribution in the brain of bipolar disorder patients on lithium therapy using a 3D MR spectroscopy imaging approach. The results show that brain lithium level is strongly correlated with serum lithium concentration. The brain‐to‐serum lithium ratios for the average brain and the local maximum were 0.39 ± 0.08 (r = 0.93) and 0.92 ± 0.16 (r = 0.90), respectively. The lithium distribution is found to be nonuniform throughout the brain for all patients, which is somewhat unexpected and highly intriguing. This uneven distribution is more evident in subjects at a higher therapeutic serum lithium level. This finding may suggest that lithium targets specific brain tissues and/or certain enzymatic and macromolecular sites that are associated with therapeutic effect. Further investigations of bipolar disorder patients on lithium therapy using 3D 7Li MR spectroscopy imaging are warranted. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Immobilization of metal nanoparticles on polyurethane membranes: synthesis and electrical properties
Authors: Valodkar Mayur , Rathore Puran Singh , Sharma Poonam , Kanchan Dinesh , Patel Mehul , Thakore Sonal 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAg and Cu nanoparticles were immobilized into crosslinked polyurethane (PU) membranes by taking advantage of the swelling characteristics of the membranes. The formation, shape and size of the nanoparticles inside the post‐swollen PU membranes were observed by transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. X‐ray diffraction indicated the presence of the pure Ag and Cu embedded in the amorphous PU matrix. Because of their compatibility, the nanoparticles improved the thermal stability and increased the glass transition temperature of PU. The membranes exhibited interesting conducting behavior with increasing temperature. The metal immobilization increased the ionic conductivity which further increased with temperature, with an activation energy of 0.15 eV indicating a thermally activated conduction mechanism. The optical and electrical properties of these starch‐based membranes can be utilized in the development of novel sensors for biomedical applications. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Crystallization behavior and morphology of double crystalline poly(trimethylene terephthalate)/poly(ethylene oxide terephthalate) copolymers
Authors: Chen Zhenming , Liu Yan , Yao Chenguang , Yang Guisheng 
Published: June 2012

AbstractDouble crystalline poly(trimethylene terephthalate)/poly(ethylene oxide terephthalate) copolymers (PTT/PEOT), with PTT content ranging from 16.5 to 65.5 wt%, were synthesized by melt copolycondensation. The morphological transformation of samples from microphase separation to macrophase separation was investigated by gel permeation chromatography and transmission electron microscopy. Differential scanning calorimetry and in situ wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction suggested that all copolycondensation samples displayed double crystalline behavior. The melt‐crystallization peak temperatures (Tm, c values) of PTT chains monotonously increased with increasing PTT content and were higher than that of homo‐PTT when the content of PTT was above 30.6 wt%. Interestingly, Tm, c values of PEOT chains were also increased with increasing PTT content. Polarized optical microscopy revealed that all copolycondensation samples studied could form ring‐banded spherulites and band spacing increased with increasing Tc values. In addition, band spacing decreased with increasing PTT content at a given Tc. Strangely, although PEOT was the main component in all copolycondensation samples, spherulitic morphology formed by the advance crystallization of PTT did not change after PEOT crystallization. Only a subtle change of quadrant tones was detected. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Curriculum as motivation for gifted students
Authors: Little Catherine A. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractCurriculum is the framework around which much of students' school experience is structured; it represents expectations for growth and learning and demonstrates what is valued within the learning environment. The degree to which curriculum is motivating for gifted students depends in part on the individual student and how his or her goals and values align with those in the environment. This article explores the interplay between the school curriculum and the motivations of gifted students to engage with it. Key concepts include achievement goal orientation, challenge and meaningfulness in the curriculum, and boredom and interest, with attention to the interplay among all of these concepts. A summary of recommendations regarding appropriate curriculum for advanced learners is provided. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterization of Pyrogenic Powders with Conventional Particle Sizing Technique: II. Experimental Data
Authors: Babick Frank , Vorbau Manuel , Stintz Michael 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWhen the impact of an aggregate's structure on its physical properties is adequately accounted for, it is possible to use those properties for quantifying the structure. A recent paper [1] has discussed such structure‐property‐relationships for pyrogenic powders. Based on them a calculation scheme is proposed that allow the analysis of size distributions from Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Optical Centrifugation Analysis (OCA) with regard to the translational hydrodynamic diameter, the diameter of gyration and the aggregation number. The scheme includes the conversion from optically weighted to number weighted distributions. The performance of this calculation scheme is tested for different grades of fumed silica, which were analyzed by two DLS and one OCA instrument. A fairly good agreement is observed with regard to medians of the distribution functions. The paper shows that differences in size distributions obtained by different measurement techniques may not only explained qualitatively but can even quantitatively traced back to distribution functions of structural aggregate parameters.
Lymphomatoid granulomatosis: A rare cause of cavitatory lung disease in an HIV positive child
Authors: Gray Taryn C. , van Wyk Abraham C. , Goussard P. , Gie Robert P. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe present an unusual cause of lung cavitation and a neck mass in an HIV positive child, initially thought to be tuberculosis. This case report illustrates that the cause for cavitatory lung disease in immunosuppressed children has a large number of possibilities and careful investigation to determine the etiological agent is warranted. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013; 48:202–205. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Null genotypes at the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes and the risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia: A case–control study and a meta‐analysis
Authors: Choubey Vimal Kumar , Sankhwar Satya Narayan , Tewari Reshu , Sankhwar Pushplata , Singh Bhupendra Pal , Rajender Singh 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDBenign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is an age related non‐malignant disease diagnosed as lower urinary tract symptoms and prostatic enlargement. Null genotypes in drug detoxification glutathione‐S‐transferase genes/enzymes, such as GSTT1 and GSTM1 have been reported to increase risk of several cancers including prostate. Meta‐analysis on PC also suggested significant impact of GSTM1 null genotype but not that of GSTT1; however, BPH data have not been subjected to meta‐analysis.METHODSWe investigated GSTT1 and GSTM1 genotypes in 429 subjects which included 244 BPH, 51 prostate cancer (PC) patients, and 134 control subjects to find if null genotype in any of the two genes increased the risk of BPH/PC. We also performed a quantitative meta‐analysis on 888 BPH cases and 793 controls for GSTM1 and on 890 BPH cases and 793 controls for GSTT1 to assess overall consensus about the impact of null genotypes on BPH risk.RESULTSWe did not find any significant difference in the distribution of genotypes of either of the two genes between BPH/PC cases and controls; however, double deletion (GSTM1 null + GSTT1 null) increased BPH risk, significantly. Upon meta‐analysis, null genotype of GSTM1 but not that of GSTT1 appeared to strongly affect BPH risk.CONCLUSIONSIn our population, null genotypes of either GSTM1 or GSTT1 do not appear to affect BPH risk; however, the double deletion was significantly associated with BPH. Meta‐analysis suggested significant influence of GSTM1 null genotype but not that of GSTT1 on BPH risk. Prostate 73: 146–152, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Controlling model error of underdamped forecast models in sparse observational networks using a variance‐limiting Kalman filter
Authors: Mitchell Lewis , Gottwald Georg A. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe problem of controlling covariance overestimation due to underdamped forecast models and sparsity of the observational network in an ensemble Kalman filter setting is considered. It is shown in a variational setting that limiting the analysis‐error covariance to stay below the climatological value and driving the mean towards the climatological mean for the unobserved variables can significantly improve analysis skill over standard ensemble Kalman filters. These issues are explored for a Lorenz‐96 system. It is shown that, for large observation intervals, the climatological information assures that the statistical properties of the unobserved variables are recovered, providing superior analysis skill. This skill improvement is increased for larger observational noise. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Forest energy procurement: state of the art in Finland and Sweden
Authors: Routa Johanna , Asikainen Antti , Björheden Rolf , Laitila Juha , Röser Dominik 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe EU should produce 20% of their energy from renewable sources, including bioenergy, by 2020. Each member state has their own target, for example, Finland should produce 38% and Sweden 49% of their energy from renewable sources by 2020. In this context, the development of forest energy utilization and more effective and economic supply systems plays an important role in both countries. The Nordic countries are the world leaders in the utilization of forest biomass for energy production. This paper provides a short overview of the driving forces behind the current technical solutions of forest energy procurement systems in Finland and Sweden and some perspectives on possible future developments. At the moment, the by‐products from forest industries (e.g., sawdust, black liquor) have a high degree of utilization in both countries. Additional raw materials for energy production include logging residues, stump and root wood, small diameter wood, and other wood not in demand by the traditional forest industries. Forest energy supply chains may be characterized based on the location of comminution into roadside comminution, terminal comminution, or comminution at a plant. The productivity of the generally highly sophisticated and costly procurement machinery is, to a large extent, dependent on the operator's skills and thus new technological solutions should be developed to improve their usability and consequently efficiency.This article is categorized under:

Bioenergy > Economics and Policy
Tissue-Specific Temporal Exome Capture Revealed Muscle-Specific Genes and SNPs in Indian Buffalo (Bubalus Bubalis)
Authors: Jakhesara Subhash J. , Ahir Viral B. , Padiya Ketan B. , Koringa Prakash G. , Rank Dharamshibhai N. , Joshi Chaitanya G. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Whole genome sequencing of buffalo is yet to be completed, and in the near future it may not be possible to identify an exome (coding region of genome) through bioinformatics for designing probes to capture it. In the present study, we employed in solution hybridization to sequence tissue specific temporal exomes (TST exome) in buffalo. We utilized cDNA prepared from buffalo muscle tissue as a probe to capture TST exomes from the buffalo genome. This resulted in a prominent reduction of repeat sequences (up to 40%) and an enrichment of coding sequences (up to 60%). Enriched targets were sequenced on a 454 pyro-sequencing platform, generating 101,244 reads containing 24,127,779 high quality bases. The data revealed 40,100 variations, of which 403 were indels and 39,218 SNPs containing 195 nonsynonymous candidate SNPs in protein-coding regions. The study has indicated that 80% of the total genes identified from capture data were expressed in muscle tissue. The present study is the first of its kind to sequence TST exomes captured by use of cDNA molecules for SNPs found in the coding region without any prior sequence information of targeted molecules.
Mining microarray datasets in nutrition: expression of the GPR120 (n-3 fatty acid receptor/sensor) gene is down-regulated in human adipocytes by macrophage secretions
Authors: Trayhurn Paul , Denyer Gareth 
Published: June 2012

AbstractMicroarray datasets are a rich source of information in nutritional investigation. Targeted mining of microarray data following initial, non-biased bioinformatic analysis can provide key insight into specific genes and metabolic processes of interest. Microarrays from human adipocytes were examined to explore the effects of macrophage secretions on the expression of the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPR) genes that encode fatty acid receptors/sensors. Exposure of the adipocytes to macrophage-conditioned medium for 4 or 24 h had no effect on GPR40 and GPR43 expression, but there was a marked stimulation of GPR84 expression (receptor for medium-chain fatty acids), the mRNA level increasing 13·5-fold at 24 h relative to unconditioned medium. Importantly, expression of GPR120, which encodes an n-3 PUFA receptor/sensor, was strongly inhibited by the conditioned medium (15-fold decrease in mRNA at 24 h). Macrophage secretions have major effects on the expression of fatty acid receptor/sensor genes in human adipocytes, which may lead to an augmentation of the inflammatory response in adipose tissue in obesity.
Increased salience of gainsversusdecreased associative learning differentiate bipolar disorder from schizophrenia during incentive decision making
Authors: Brambilla P. , Perlini C. , Bellani M. , Tomelleri L. , Ferro A. , Cerruti S. , Marinelli V. , Rambaldelli G. , Christodoulou T. , Jogia J. , Dima D. , Tansella M. , Balestrieri M. , Frangou S. 
Published: June 2012

BackgroundAbnormalities in incentive decision making, typically assessed using the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), have been reported in both schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD). We applied the Expectancy–Valence (E–V) model to determine whether motivational, cognitive and response selection component processes of IGT performance are differentially affected in SZ and BD.MethodPerformance on the IGT was assessed in 280 individuals comprising 70 remitted patients with SZ, 70 remitted patients with BD and 140 age-, sex- and IQ-matched healthy individuals. Based on the E–V model, we extracted three parameters, ‘attention to gains or loses’, ‘expectancy learning’ and ‘response consistency’, that respectively reflect motivational, cognitive and response selection influences on IGT performance.ResultsBoth patient groups underperformed in the IGT compared to healthy individuals. However, the source of these deficits was diagnosis specific. Associative learning underlying the representation of expectancies was disrupted in SZ whereas BD was associated with increased incentive salience of gains. These findings were not attributable to non-specific effects of sex, IQ, psychopathology or medication.ConclusionsOur results point to dissociable processes underlying abnormal incentive decision making in BD and SZ that could potentially be mapped to different neural circuits.
Epiphanius of Salamis and the Scotti: New Evidence for Late Roman-Irish Relations
Authors: Rance Philip 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA survey of the written evidence for attacks by Scotti on fourth-century Roman Britain provides a historical context for the introduction of two hitherto overlooked references to Scotti in the works of Epiphanius, Bishop of Salamis on Cyprus (c.a.d. 315–403). Examination of Epiphanius'AncoratusandPanarionconfirms that he inserted the ethnonym Σκόττοι into patristic source-material in the early 370s. These passages claim attention as unique testimony to the Scotti in Greek literature and the second earliest witness to this term in Roman sources. Their date prompts the conjecture that thebarbarica conspiratiothat beset Britain ina.d. 367–68/9 was a widely reported event even before its significance was magnified by Theodosian dynastic propaganda.
Nasal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes and Staphylococcus aureus in Streptococcus pneumoniae-vaccinated and non-vaccinated young children
Authors: DUKERS-MUIJRERS N. H. T. M. , STOBBERINGH E. , BEISSER P. , BOESTEN R. C. H. , JACOBS P. , HOEBE C. J. P. A. 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYSince the implementation of Streptococcus pneumoniae (SPn) conjugate vaccination (PCV), non-vaccine types have prevailed in invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), and an increase in Staphylococcus aureus (SA) burden has been suggested. Here, we assess the epidemiology of SA and SPn nasal carriage in 620 children at day-care centres; 141 of these children had received 1–4 PCV7 doses. A higher vaccine dosage was associated with non-vaccine-type SPn carriage. Of all SPn isolates, 45% were PCV7 types, 1% were additional PCV10 types and 22% were the three additional PCV13 types. SA carriage was inversely associated with vaccine-type SPn carriage. SPn serotype 19A showed higher SA co-carriage rates compared to other SPn serotypes. PCV7 implementation does not prevent children from being part of the IPD-related SPn transmission chain. These results contribute to the monitoring of SA- and SPn-related disease and add to the debate on the current national vaccination policy that recently included a change from PCV7 to PCV10.
Distal Sensory Polyneuropathy is Associated with Neuropsychological Test Performance among Persons with HIV
Authors: Fellows Robert P. , Byrd Desiree A. , Elliott Kathryn , Robinson-Papp Jessica , Mindt Monica Rivera , Morgello Susan 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWhile distal sensory polyneuropathy (DSP) is the most common neurological condition associated with HIV, causing nerve damage in upper and lower extremities, its impact on neuropsychological test performance is unclear. In this study, we analyzed baseline data for 278 HIV-infected participants with comprehensive neurological and neurocognitive evaluations to examine the contribution of DSP and anatomic distribution of neuropathic signs (upper extremity or lower extremity) on standardized domain scores. We found that participants with DSP performed significantly worse in multiple domains containing timed psychomotor tests (i.e., motor, information processing speed and executive functioning). With regard to executive functioning, differences were limited to a test with a motor component (Trail Making Test, Part B). The group with clinically detectable neuropathic signs in the upper extremities and the group with signs limited to the lower extremities both performed worse in the motor domain than the group without DSP. Participants with DSP demonstrated a unique pattern of impairment limited to neuropsychological domains with timed psychomotor tests. These results suggest that caution should be used in interpretation of neuropsychological tests in patients with DSP, as some abnormalities may be exacerbated by peripheral nervous system pathology. (JINS, 2012,19, 1–10)