bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One step pulp revascularization treatment of an immature permanent tooth with chronic apical abscess: a case report
Authors: Shin S. Y. , Albert J. S. , Mortman R. E. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAim To describe a case in which a mandibular right second premolar with a necrotic pulp, sinus tract, periradicular radiolucency and an immature apex underwent revascularization via a single treatment approach.Summary  Revascularization procedures have the potential to heal a partially necrotic pulp, which can be beneficial for the continued root development of immature teeth. However, it is not clear which revascularization protocols are the most effective. This case report details the outcome of a successful revascularization procedure on tooth 45 (FDI) in a 12‐year‐old patient, eliminating the associated periapical pathosis within 19 months. The tooth was treated using coronal root irrigation with 6% NaOCl and 2% chlorhexidine without instrumentation in a single visit. The successful outcome of this case report suggests that this conservative revascularization treatment approach can preserve the vitality of the dental pulp stem cells and create a suitable environment for pulp regeneration, resulting in the completion of root maturation.Key learning points

The noninstrumentation procedure using 6% NaOCl and 2% chlorhexidine coronal irrigation may help preserve the remaining vital dental pulp stem cells believed to be critical for pulp revascularization.
A single visit pulp revascularization protocol can be a favourable treatment option for an immature permanent tooth with a partially necrotic pulp.
Laser‐activated irrigation within root canals: cleaning efficacy and flow visualization
Authors: De Groot S. D. , Verhaagen B. , Versluis M. , Wu M.‐K. , Wesselink P. R. , Van Der Sluis L. W. M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAim  To test ex vivo the efficiency of laser‐activated irrigation in removing dentine debris from the apical part of the root canal and to visualize in vitro the fluid dynamics during the activation of the irrigant by laser, using high‐speed imaging at a relevant timescale.Methodology  Root canals with a standardized groove in one canal wall filled with dentine debris were irrigated with syringe irrigation, ultrasonically or laser‐activated irrigation (LAI) using 2% sodium hypochlorite as irrigant. The quantity of dentine debris after irrigation was determined. Visualization of the fluid dynamics during activation was achieved using a high‐speed camera and a glass model.Results  Laser‐activated irrigation was significantly more effective in removing dentine debris from the apical part of the root canal than passive ultrasonic irrigation or hand irrigation when the irrigant was activated for 20 s.Conclusions  The in vitro recordings suggest that streaming, caused by the collapse of the laser‐induced bubble, is the main cleaning mechanism of LAI.
Sealing properties of a new root canal sealer
Authors: Salz U. , Poppe D. , Sbicego S. , Roulet J.‐F. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAim  To evaluate bacterial leakage of Apexit Plus, a new root canal sealer, in comparison with AH Plus.Methodology  A total of 56 single‐rooted human teeth were randomly divided into two experimental groups of 16 roots and two control groups. Roots were filled by lateral condensation with Gutta‐percha and AH Plus or with Gutta‐percha and Apexit Plus. A split chamber microbial leakage model was used in which Streptococcus mutans placed in the upper chamber could reach the lower chamber only through the filled canal. Positive controls were filled only with Gutta‐percha and tested with bacteria, whereas negative controls were sealed with wax to test the seal between chambers. Additionally, film thickness, solubility and dimensional change were determined.Results  All positive controls leaked within 24 h, whereas none of the negative controls leaked after 30 days. Apexit Plus had significant less bacterial leakage (log‐rank test, P < 0.0001) than AH Plus. AH Plus (0.3% solubility) showed a slightly lower solubility than Apexit Plus (0.5% solubility) but a larger film thickness (28 vs. 11 μm) according to ISO 6876:2001.Conclusion  Apexit Plus had a better sealing ability in comparison with AH Plus.
A tactile method for canal length determination in teeth with open apices
Authors: ElAyouti A. , Dima E. , Löst C. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAim  To present a tactile method for working length determination in teeth with open apices and to determine its accuracy and repeatability.Methodology  Ninety teeth with 129 root canals were prepared to create open apices. The correct working length (CWL) for each canal was determined by introducing a file into the root canal until it was visible at the apex. Consequently, the tactile working length (TWL) was determined by the ‘Tactile Method’ using a K‐file that was bent at the tip. Two operators repeated the measurement once in each root canal. The accuracy of the TWL was determined by comparing the TWL with the CWL. The mean of the absolute differences and the corresponding 99% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Both the repeatability and inter‐operator agreement of the tactile method were determined by performing paired analysis of the differences between repeated measurements and the two operators.Results  Overall, 97% (CI: 91–99) of the TWL were within 0.5 mm from the CWL, the mean of absolute differences was 0.1 mm (CI: 0.1–0.2). The maximum difference between repeated measurements was 0.2 mm and between the two operators was 0.6 mm.Conclusions  The tactile method may provide an accurate determination of canal length in teeth with open apices.
Preliminary study of the presence and association of bacteria and archaea in teeth with apical periodontitis
Authors: Jiang Y. T. , Xia W. W. , Li C. L. , Jiang W. , Liang J. P. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAim  To investigate, by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), the presence and association of bacteria and archaea in primary and secondary root canal infections.Methodology  A total of 77 root canal samples from 77 Chinese patients, 42 with necrotic pulp tissues (primary infection) and 35 with failed prior conventional root canal treatment (secondary infection), aseptically exposed at the first patient visit, were studied. Total RNA was isolated directly from each sample, and 16S rRNA gene‐based RT‐PCR assays were used to determine the presence of bacteria and archaea, respectively.Results  Bacteria were detected in 39/42 (93%) of root canal samples from teeth with primary infections, and archaea in 16/42 (38%). In the cases diagnosed as secondary root‐infected canals, bacteria were detected in 30/35 (86%), whilst archaea were detected in 6/35 (17%) of cases. Amongst the canals, which were positive for bacteria, archaea were always found in combination with bacteria. The incidence of symptomatic cases positive for both bacteria and archaea (16/22, 73%) were significantly higher than those positive for bacteria alone (21/47, 45%) (P < 0.05).Conclusions  This study confirms the presence of archaea in root canal infections and further implicates them in an association with clinical symptoms. The nature of this association requires further study.
Antibiotic prescribing in dental practice in Belgium
Authors: Mainjot A. , D’Hoore W. , Vanheusden A. , Van Nieuwenhuysen J.‐P. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAim  To assess the types and frequency of antibiotic prescriptions by Belgian dentists, the indications for antibiotic prescription, and dentists’ knowledge about recommended practice in antibiotic use.Methodology  In this cross‐sectional survey, dental practitioners were asked to record information about all antibiotics prescribed to their patients during a 2‐week period. The dental practitioners were also asked to complete a self‐administered questionnaire regarding demographic data, prescribing practices, and knowledge about antibiotic use. A random sample of 268 Belgian dentists participated in the survey.Results  During the 2‐week period, 24 421 patient encounters were recorded; 1033 patients were prescribed an antibiotic (4.2%). The median number of prescriptions per dentist for the 2 weeks was 3. Broad spectrum antibiotics were most commonly prescribed: 82% of all prescriptions were for amoxycillin, amoxycillin‐clavulanic acid and clindamycin. Antibiotics were often prescribed in the absence of fever (92.2%) and without any local treatment (54.2%). The most frequent diagnosis for which antibiotics were prescribed was periapical abscess (51.9%). Antibiotics were prescribed to 63.3% of patients with periapical abscess and 4.3% of patients with pulpitis. Patterns of prescriptions were confirmed by the data from the self‐reported practice.Conclusions  Discrepancies between observed and recommended practice support the need for educational initiatives to promote rational use of antibiotics in dentistry in Belgium.
P450‐aromatase activity and expression in human testicular tissues with severe spermatogenic failure
Authors: Lardone M. C. , Castillo P. , Valdevenito R. , Ebensperger M. , Ronco A. M. , Pommer R. , Piottante A. , Castro A. 
Published: November 2009

SummaryThere is evidence that impaired spermatogenesis is associated with an imbalance in the oestradiol/testosterone ratio and with Leydig cell (LC) dysfunction. In testis, P450‐aromatase, encoded by CYP19, is responsible for the conversion of testosterone to oestradiol. The aims of this study were to quantify CYP19 mRNA expression, aromatase activity and protein localization, and to measure the oestradiol to testosterone ratio in testicular tissues of men with spermatogenic impairment. Twenty‐four men with complete Sertoli cell‐only syndrome (SCOS), 14 with focal SCOS, 14 with maturation arrest (MA), 8 with mixed atrophy and 30 controls with normal spermatogenesis were subjected to testicular biopsy. All subjects underwent a physical examination, cytogenetic and serum hormonal studies. Testicular CYP19 mRNA was quantified using real time RT‐PCR. Testicular aromatase activity was measured using the 3H20 assay and protein expression was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. In cases, serum testosterone and oestradiol were normal, but the testosterone/LH ratio was lower compared with controls (p < 0.05). Aromatase was localized in the Leydig, Sertoli and germ cells of all tissues, although stronger intensity was observed in LC. Aromatase mRNA and activity were not altered in cases and correlated positively with LC number (r = 0.516 and r = 0.369; p < 0.008). The intratesticular oestradiol/testosterone ratio was elevated (p = 0.005) in complete SCOS patients compared with controls. In conclusion, testicular aromatase seems to be normal in most subjects with impaired spermatogenesis. However, an altered intratesticular oestradiol/testosterone ratio in some patients with complete SCOS suggests that aromatase is increased, which might contribute to Leydig cell dysfunction.
Stromal remodelling is required for progressive involution of the rat ventral prostate after castration: Identification of a matrix metalloproteinase‐dependent apoptotic wave
Authors: Bruni‐Cardoso A. , Augusto T. M. , Pravatta H. , Damas‐Souza D. M. , Carvalho H. F. 
Published: November 2009

SummaryProstate epithelial‐cell apoptosis occurs in response to androgen deprivation. We have hypothesized that continued regression would require stromal changes. Studying apoptosis kinetics up to the 14th day after castration, we identified successive waves of apoptosis, with a prominent peak on day 11. This peak was associated with caspase‐3 activity, nuclear translocation of apoptosis‐inducing factor and clusterin expression. The apoptosis peak on day 11 was preceded by increased MMP‐2 and MMP‐7 activation, and MMP‐9 expression on days 9 and 10. Treatment with the matrix metalloproteinases inhibitors doxycyclin, hydrocortisone, or GM6001 caused significant reduction in the apoptosis rate on day 11. The present data demonstrate that prostatic epithelial‐cell deletion at the 11th day after castration was induced by focal degradation of the extracellular matrix associated with stromal remodelling.
Proteome analysis and genome‐wide regulatory motif prediction identify novel potentially sex‐hormone regulated proteins in rat efferent ducts
Authors: Trépos‐Pouplard M. , Lardenois A. , Staub C. , Guitton N. , Dorval‐Coiffec I. , Pineau C. , Primig M. , Jégou B. 
Published: November 2009

SummaryThe efferent ducts are a series of tubules that conduct sperm from the rete testis to the epididymis. They absorb most fluid and proteins originating from the rete testis during concentration of spermatozoa prior to their entry into the epididymis. Proteome analysis of micro‐dissected efferent duct samples from adult rats was combined with genome‐wide computational prediction of conserved hormone response elements to identify factors likely regulated by oestrogens and androgens. We identified 165 proteins and found subsets of the promoters controlling their corresponding genes to contain androgen‐ and oestrogen response elements (ARE/EREs) at similar frequencies. Moreover, EREs were significantly enriched among the loci identified compared with their genome‐wide occurrence. The expression and localization of Anxa6, Ckb, Krt19, Park7, Pdzk1 and Tpt1 in the efferent ducts and other related hormone controlled tissues was further validated at the RNA or protein level. This study identifies many novel proteins predicted to play roles in sperm maturation and male fertility and provides significant computational evidence that the efferent ducts express genes transcriptionally controlled by sex hormones.
Impact of obstructive interval and sperm granuloma on patency and pregnancy after vasectomy reversal
Authors: Magheli A. , Rais‐Bahrami S. , Kempkensteffen C. , Weiske W. H. , Miller K. , Hinz S. 
Published: November 2009

SummaryThe objective of this study was to determine the effect of the obstructive interval and the presence of a sperm granuloma on vas patency and pregnancy rate following vasectomy reversal. We identified 334 patients with complete follow‐up who met the inclusion criteria. There were significant associations between the obstructive interval and procedure performed as well as with patient age. Patients with longer obstructive intervals were more often older (p < 0.001) and more likely to have a vaseoepididymostomy performed (p < 0.001). There was no association between the presence of a sperm granuloma or the length of the obstructive interval with post‐operative vas patency and pregnancy rates. The only independent predictor of post‐operative fertility was age of the female partner (p = 0.015). Our data clearly demonstrates that when state of the art surgical techniques are used, neither the presence of a sperm granuloma nor the obstructive interval serve as prognosticators of post‐operative vas patency and pregnancy rates. However, when counselling patients and their female partners, it is of utmost importance to stress that the age of the female partner is an independent predictor of successful vasectomy reversal.
Kisspeptin/GPR54 system as potential target for endocrine disruption of reproductive development and function
Authors: Tena‐Sempere M. 
Published: November 2009

SummaryKisspeptins, the products of Kiss1 gene acting via G protein‐coupled receptor 54 (also termed Kiss1R), have recently emerged as essential gatekeepers of puberty onset and fertility. Compelling evidence has now documented that expression and function of hypothalamic Kiss1 system is sensitive not only to the activational effects but also to the organizing actions of sex steroids during critical stages of development. Thus, studies in rodents have demonstrated that early exposures to androgens and oestrogens are crucial for proper sexual differentiation of the patterns of Kiss1 mRNA expression, whereas the actions of oestrogen along puberty are essential for the rise of hypothalamic kisspeptins during this period. This physiological substrate provides the basis for potential endocrine disruption of reproductive maturation and function by xeno‐steroids acting on the kisspeptin system. Indeed, inappropriate exposures to synthetic oestrogenic compounds during early critical periods in rodents persistently decreased hypothalamic Kiss1 mRNA levels and kisspeptin fibre density in discrete hypothalamic nuclei, along with altered gonadotropin secretion and/or gonadotropin‐releasing hormone neuronal activation. The functional relevance of this phenomenon is stressed by the fact that exogenous kisspeptin was able to rescue defective gonadotropin secretion in oestrogenized animals. Furthermore, early exposures to the environmentally‐relevant oestrogen, bisphenol‐A, altered the hypothalamic expression of Kiss1/kisspeptin in rats and mice. Likewise, maternal exposure to a complex cocktail of endocrine disruptors has been recently shown to disturb foetal hypothalamic Kiss1 mRNA expression in sheep. As a whole, these data document the sensitivity of Kiss1 system to changes in sex steroid milieu during critical periods of sexual maturation, and strongly suggest that alterations of endogenous kisspeptin tone induced by inappropriate (early) exposures to environmental compounds with sex steroid activity might be mechanistically relevant for disruption of puberty onset and gonadotropin secretion later in life. The potential interaction of xeno‐hormones with other environmental modulators (e.g., nutritional state) of the Kiss1 system warrants further investigation.
Pulsed resources affect the timing of first breeding and lifetime reproductive success of tawny owls
Authors: Millon A. , Petty S. J. , Lambin X. 
Published: November 2009

Summary1. According to life‐history theory, environmental variability and costs of reproduction account for the prevalence of delayed reproduction in many taxa. Empirical estimates of the fitness consequences of different ages at first breeding in a variable environment are few however such that the contributions of environmental and individual variability remains poorly known.2. Our objectives were to elucidate processes that underpin variation in delayed reproduction and to assess lifetime consequences of the age of first breeding in a site‐faithful predator, the tawny owlStrix alucoL. subjected to fluctuating selection linked to cyclical variation in vole density (typically 3‐year cycles with low, increasing and decreasing vole densities in successive years).3. A multistate capture–recapture model revealed that owl cohorts had strikingly different juvenile survival prospects, with estimates ranging from 0·08 to 0·33 respectively for birds born in Decrease and Increase phases of the vole cycle. This resulted in a highly skewed population structure with >75% of local recruits being reared during Increase years. In contrast, adult survival remained constant throughout a vole cycle. The probability of commencing reproduction was lower at age 1 than at older ages, and especially so for females. From age 2 onwards, pre‐breeders had high probabilities of entering the breeding population.4. Variation in lifetime reproductive success was driven by the phase of the vole cycle in which female owls started their breeding career (26–47% of variance explained, whether based on the number of local recruits or fledglings), more than by age at first breeding or by conditions experienced at birth. Females who postponed reproduction to breed for the first time at age 3 during an Increase phase, produced more recruits, even when accounting for birds that may have died before reproduction. No such effects were detected for males.5. Sex‐specific costs of early reproduction may have accounted for females being more prone to delay reproduction. Contrary to expectations from a best‐of‐a‐bad job strategy, early‐hatched, hence potentially higher‐quality females were more likely to breed at age 1, but then experienced rapidly declining food resources and so seemed caught in a life‐history trap set by the multiannual vole cycle.
Genetic mixing from enhancement stocking in commercially exploited vendace populations
Authors: Mehner Thomas , Pohlmann Kirsten , Elkin Che , Monaghan Michael T. , Freyhof Jörg 
Published: November 2009

Summary 1.  The annual release of hatchery‐bred larvae into naturally reproducing fish populations (enhancement stocking) is used commonly to increase native populations of fish where recruitment is presumably limited. Despite the widespread practice of enhancement stocking, its efficacy and sustainability are seldom monitored. 2.
We used 1264 amplified fragment length polymorphism markers from 23 vendace Coregonus albula populations in northern Germany to determine whether stocking from external sources contributes to the catch in target populations and leads to hybridization between native and stocked fish. We examined the effects of historical factors as well as recent stocking effects by combined analysis of population‐based equilibrium between migration and drift (IBD) and individual‐based assessments of parentage and hybridization using Bayesian methods. 3.
Stocking success and hybridization rates differed between north‐east and north‐west German lakes and corresponded negatively to geographical and genetic distances between source and target populations. When populations were compared with and without stocked individuals, we calculated that stocking reduced pairwise genetic distances by c. 11%. 4.  Lakes stocked with genetically similar fish exhibited direct recapture rates of 4% and increased levels of hybridization, leading to genetic homogenization. For lakes in which a genetically more distant source was stocked, recapture rates of stocked fish were 0% and hybridization was lower, with target populations remaining genetically distinct. 5.
Synthesis and applications. Our results show that stocking from a genetically similar source can disrupt historical genetic differentiation and, possibly, local adaptation, whereas stocking from a genetically distant source only marginally contributed to the native populations and led to no detectable homogenization. The fitness disadvantage of fish stocked from distant sources therefore appears to form a natural impediment to genetic homogenization.