bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeting macrophages with multifunctional nanoparticles to detect and prevent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
Authors: Nankivell Victoria , Vidanapathirana Achini K , Hoogendoorn Ayla , Tan Joanne T M , Verjans Johan , Psaltis Peter J , Hutchinson Mark R , Gibson Brant C , Lu Yiqing , Goldys Ewa , Zheng Gang , Bursill Christina A 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Despite the emergence of novel diagnostic, pharmacological, interventional, and prevention strategies, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Nanoparticle (NP)-based platforms encompass diverse imaging, delivery, and pharmacological properties that provide novel opportunities for refining diagnostic and therapeutic interventions for atherosclerosis at the cellular and molecular levels. Macrophages play a critical role in atherosclerosis and therefore represent an important disease-related diagnostic and therapeutic target, especially given their inherent ability for passive and active NP uptake. In this review, we discuss an array of inorganic, carbon-based, and lipid-based NPs that provide magnetic, radiographic, and fluorescent imaging capabilities for a range of highly promising research and clinical applications in atherosclerosis. We discuss the design of NPs that target a range of macrophage-related functions such as lipoprotein oxidation, cholesterol efflux, vascular inflammation, and defective efferocytosis. We also provide examples of NP systems that were developed for other pathologies such as cancer and highlight their potential for repurposing in cardiovascular disease. Finally, we discuss the current state of play and the future of theranostic NPs. Whilst this is not without its challenges, the array of multifunctional capabilities that are possible in NP design ensures they will be part of the next frontier of exciting new therapies that simultaneously improve the accuracy of plaque diagnosis and more effectively reduce atherosclerosis with limited side effects.
An automated method for assessing condyle head changes in patients with skeletal class II malocclusion based on Cone-beam CT images
Authors: Shi Jiayu , Lin Guoye , Bao Rui , Zhang Zhen , Tang Jin , Chen Wenyue , Chen Hongjin , Zuo Xinwei , Feng Qianjin , Liu Shuguang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Currently, there is no reliable automated measurement method to study the changes in the condylar process after orthognathic surgery. Therefore, this study proposes an automated method to measure condylar changes in patients with skeletal class II malocclusion following surgical-orthodontic treatment.

Methods
Cone-beam CT (CBCT) scans from 48 patients were segmented using the nnU-Net network for automated maxillary and mandibular delineation. Regions unaffected by orthognathic surgery were selectively cropped. Automated registration yielded condylar displacement and volume calculations, each repeated three times for precision. Logistic regression and linear regression were used to analyse the correlation between condylar position changes at different time points.

Results
The Dice score for the automated segmentation of the condyle was 0.971. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for all repeated measurements ranged from 0.93 to 1.00. The results of the automated measurement showed that 83.33% of patients exhibited condylar resorption occurring six months or more after surgery. Logistic regression and linear regression indicated a positive correlation between counterclockwise rotation in the pitch plane and condylar resorption (P &lt; .01). And a positive correlation between the rotational angles in both three planes and changes in the condylar volume at six months after surgery (P ≤ .04).

Conclusions
This study’s automated method for measuring condylar changes shows excellent repeatability. Skeletal class II malocclusion patients may experience condylar resorption after bimaxillary orthognathic surgery, and this is correlated with counterclockwise rotation in the sagittal plane.

Advances in knowledge
This study proposes an innovative multi-step registration method based on CBCT, and establishes an automated approach for quantitatively measuring condyle changes post-orthognathic surgery. This method opens up new possibilities for studying condylar morphology.
Prognostic impact of nodal status and lymphovascular invasion in patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Miyata Hiroshi , Sugimura Keijirou , Kanemura Takashi , Takeoka Tomohira , Sugase Takahito , Yasui Masayoshi , Nishimura Junichi , Wada Hiroshi , Akita Hiroshi , Yamamoto Masaaki , Hara Hisashi , Shinno Naoki , Omori Takeshi , Yano Masahiko 
Published: May 2024

Summary
Nodal status is well known to be the most important prognostic factor for esophageal cancer patients, even if they are treated with neoadjuvant therapy. To establish an optimal postoperative adjuvant strategy for patients, we aimed to more accurately predict the prognosis of patients and systemic recurrence by using clinicopathological factors, including nodal status, in patients with esophageal cancer who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The clinicopathological factors associated with survival and systemic recurrence were investigated in 488 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Overall survival differed according to tumor depth, nodal status, tumor regression, and lymphovascular (LV) invasion. In the multivariate analysis, nodal status and LV invasion were identified as independent prognostic factors (P &lt; 0.0001, P = 0.0008). Nodal status was also identified as an independent factor associated with systemic recurrence, although LV invasion was a borderline factor (P = 0.066). In each pN stage, patients with LV invasion showed significantly worse overall survival than those without LV invasion (pN0: P = 0.036, pN1: P = 0.0044, pN2: P = 0.0194, pN3: P = 0.0054). Patients with LV invasion were also more likely to have systemic, and any recurrence than those without LV invasion in each pN stage. Pathological nodal status and LV invasion were the most important predictors of survival and systemic recurrence in patients with esophageal cancer who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery. This finding could provide useful information about selecting candidates for adjuvant therapy among these patients. Our analysis showed that LV invasion was an independent prognostic factor in patients with esophageal cancer who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy and that combining LV invasion with pathological nodal status makes it possible to stratify the prognosis in those patients.
Psychosocial adjustment changes and related factors in young and middle-aged patients with first-episode acute myocardial infarction: a longitudinal study
Authors: Zhou Xin-yi , Ke Qi-qi , Qiu Wei-yu , Li Yao-xia , Wu Qin-yang , Ye Qiu-yun , Yang Qiao-hong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Aims
This study aimed to explore the change trend and group heterogeneity of psychosocial adjustment level and to determine its influencing factors among young and middle-aged patients with first-episode acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

Methods and results
The Psychosocial Adjustment Scale of Illness was used to assess the psychosocial adjustment level of the patients at 1, 3, and 6 months after discharge, respectively. Data were analysed using Pearson correlation analysis, generalized estimating equations, and growth mixed models. A total of 233 patients were included, and their psychosocial adjustment scores at the three time points were 57.18 ± 15.50, 36.17 ± 15.02, and 24.22 ± 12.98, respectively. The trajectories of changes in patients’ psychosocial adjustment levels were divided into three latent categories: moderate adjustment improvement group (72.5%), low adjustment improvement group (16.3%), and persistent maladjustment group (11.2%). Among them, predictors of the persistent maladjustment group included no spouse, low monthly family income per capita, normal body mass index, never smoking, never exercising, combined with hyperlipidaemia, low social support, submission coping, and high perceived stress.

Conclusion
The psychosocial adjustment level of young and middle-aged patients with first-episode AMI showed an upward trend within 6 months after discharge, and there was group heterogeneity in the change trajectory of psychosocial adjustment level. It is suggested that a multicentre, large-sample longitudinal study should be carried out in the future, and the time of follow-up investigation should be extended to further clarify the change trajectory and influencing factors of psychosocial adjustment of patients with different subtypes, to provide the theoretical basis for formulating targeted intervention programmes.
Incidence and assessment of delirium following open cardiac surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Petersson Nadja Buch , Hansen Malene Haugaard , Hjelmborg Jacob V B , Instenes Irene , Christoffersen Anne Sofie , Larsen Katrine Lawaetz , Schmidt Henrik , Riber Lars Peter Schødt , Norekvål Tone Merete , Borregaard Britt 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Aims
This systematic review and meta-analysis sought (i) to provide an overview of the incidence of delirium following open cardiac surgery and (ii) to investigate how incidences of delirium are associated with different assessment tools.

Methods and results
A systematic search of studies investigating delirium following open cardiac surgery was conducted in Medline (Ovid), EMBASE, PsycINFO, CiNAHL, and the Cochrane Database. Only studies with patients diagnosed or screened with a validated tool were included. Studies published from 2005–2021 were included in the meta-analysis. Of 7126 individual studies retrieved, 106 met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis, hereof 31% of high quality. The weighted pooled incidence of delirium following open cardiac surgery across all studies was 23% (95% CI 20–26%), however we found a considerable heterogeneity (I2 = 99%), which could not be explained by subgroups or further sensitivity analyses. The most commonly applied screening tool for delirium is CAM/CAM-ICU. The lowest estimates of delirium were found by applying the Delirium Observation Scale (incidence 14%, 95% CI 8–20%), and the highest estimates in studies using ‘other’ screening tools (Organic Brain Symptom Scale, Delirium Symptom Interview) with a pooled incidence of 43% (95% CI 19–66%), however, only two studies applied these.

Conclusion
Delirium following open cardiac surgery remains a complication with a high incidence of overall 23%, when applying a validated tool for screening or diagnosis. Nevertheless, this systematic review and meta-analyses highlight the significant inconsistency in current evidence regarding assessment tools and regimens.

Registration
Prospero CRD42020215519.
Automating benefits delivery: lowering health insurance costs for unemployment insurance recipients
Authors: Lian Langou , Lovchikova Marina , Feher Andrew 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
To provide financial relief to those affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, from July to December 2021, the American Rescue Plan Act temporarily expanded eligibility for cost-sharing reduction (CSR) silver 94 plans that cover 94% of medical costs for unemployment insurance (UI) recipients enrolled in the Affordable Care Act (ACA) Marketplaces. In June 2021, California's ACA Marketplace automatically redetermined eligibility and enrollment for 79 645 UI recipients so the enhanced subsidies would be applied without any action required among program participants. Using administrative data from California and a difference-in-differences design, we found that enrollees automatically moved to CSR silver 94 plans for the second half of 2021 saved $295 in premiums and $180 in out-of-pocket expenses (or $475 in total). These findings can inform state and federal policymakers exploring ways of automating benefits delivery for consumers already engaging with other safety-net programs to increase health insurance affordability.
Human resource challenges in health systems: evidence from 10 African countries
Authors: Sheffel Ashley , Andrews Kathryn G , Conner Ruben , Di Giorgio Laura , Evans David K , Gatti Roberta , Lindelow Magnus , Sharma Jigyasa , Svensson Jakob , Wane Waly , Welander Tärneberg Anna 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Sub-Saharan Africa has fewer medical workers per capita than any region of the world, and that shortage has been highlighted consistently as a critical constraint to improving health outcomes in the region. This paper draws on newly available, systematic, comparable data from 10 countries in the region to explore the dimensions of this shortage. We find wide variation in human resources performance metrics, both within and across countries. Many facilities are barely staffed, and effective staffing levels fall further when adjusted for health worker absences. However, caseloads—while also varying widely within and across countries—are also low in many settings, suggesting that even within countries, deployment rather than shortages, together with barriers to demand, may be the principal challenges. Beyond raw numbers, we observe significant proportions of health workers with very low levels of clinical knowledge on standard maternal and child health conditions. This study highlights that countries may need to invest broadly in health workforce deployment, improvements in capacity and performance of the health workforce, and on addressing demand constraints, rather than focusing narrowly on increases in staffing numbers.
Diverging phenology of American lobster (Homarus americanus) larvae and their zooplankton prey in a warming ocean
Authors: Carloni Joshua T , Wahle Richard A , Fields David M , Geoghegan Paul , Shank Burton 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We build on previous research describing correlative links between changes in the abundance of the copepod Calanus finmarchicus, a foundational zooplankton species of the pelagic food web, and diminishing recruitment of young-of-year American lobster (Homarus americanus) to benthic nurseries in the Gulf of Maine. Using parallel 31-year time series of lobster larvae and zooplankton collected on the New Hampshire coast between 1988 and 2018, we investigated how changes in phenology of stage I larval lobster and their putative copepod prey, C. finmarchicus, affect their temporal overlap and potential to interact during the larval season. We found that over the time series both the lobster egg hatch and first appearance of larvae began earlier in the season, a trend significantly correlated with ocean warming. The last appearance of larvae in late summer has been delayed, however, thereby extending the larval season. Even with the longer larval lobster season, the C. finmarchicus season has increasingly been ending before the peak abundance of stage I lobster larvae. The net effect is a widening mismatch in phenology of the two species, an outcome consistent with the hypothesis that changes in abundance and phenology of C. finmarchicus have contributed to recent declines in lobster recruitment.
Perioperative multivessel coronary artery spasm and cardiac arrest after cardiac surgery
Authors: Chen Chen , Chen Yi , Zhang Xiao , Zou Liang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Postoperative coronary artery spasm, a rare but potentially fatal complication following cardiac surgery, warrants significant attention. This report discusses a 64-year-old male who suffered a severe coronary artery spasm leading to cardiac arrest following surgery. Initially stable, the patient rapidly developed critical ventricular arrhythmias and hypotension, resulting in cardiac arrest 4 h post-surgery. Emergency coronary angiography revealed extensive spasms, successfully managed with intracoronary nitroglycerine. This case stresses prompt recognition and management of coronary artery spasm after non-coronary cardiac procedures, underscoring coronary angiography's vital role in diagnosis and treatment.
Regularity Theory for Nonlocal Equations with General Growth in the Heisenberg Group
Authors: Fang Yuzhou , Zhang Chao 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We deal with a wide class of generalized nonlocal $p$-Laplace equations, so-called nonlocal $G$-Laplace equations, in the Heisenberg framework. Under natural hypotheses on the $N$-function $G$, we provide a unified approach to investigate in the spirit of De Giorgi-Nash-Moser theory, some local properties of weak solutions to such kind of problems, involving boundedness, Hölder continuity and Harnack inequality. To this end, an improved nonlocal Caccioppoli-type estimate as the main auxiliary ingredient is exploited several times.
Validation of an Automated, End-to-End Metagenomic Sequencing Assay for Agnostic Detection of Respiratory Viruses
Authors: Gauthier Nick P G , Chan Wilson , Locher Kerstin , Smailus Duane , Coope Robin , Charles Marthe , Jassem Agatha , Kopetzky Jennifer , Chorlton Samuel D , Manges Amee R 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Current molecular diagnostics are limited in the number and type of detectable pathogens. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) is an emerging, and increasingly feasible, pathogen-agnostic diagnostic approach. Translational barriers prohibit the widespread adoption of this technology in clinical laboratories. We validate an end-to-end mNGS assay for detection of respiratory viruses. Our assay is optimized to reduce turnaround time, lower cost per sample, increase throughput, and deploy secure and actionable bioinformatic results.

Methods
We validated our assay using residual nasopharyngeal swab specimens from Vancouver General Hospital (n = 359), which were reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction positive, or negative for influenza, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, and respiratory syncytial virus. We quantified sample stability, assay precision, the effect of background nucleic acid levels, and analytical limits of detection. Diagnostic performance metrics were estimated.

Results
We report that our mNGS assay is highly precise and semiquantitative, with analytical limits of detection ranging from 103 to 104 copies/mL. Our assay is highly specific (100%) and sensitive (61.9% overall: 86.8%; reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction cycle threshold &lt; 30). Multiplexing capabilities enable processing of up to 55 specimens simultaneously on an Oxford Nanopore GridION device, with results reported within 12 hours.

Conclusions
This study report outlines the diagnostic performance and feasibility of mNGS for respiratory viral diagnostics, infection control, and public health surveillance. We addressed translational barriers to widespread mNGS adoption.
Community-acquired pneumonia: a US perspective on the guideline gap
Authors: Malinis Maricar , Abbo Lilian , Vazquez Jose A , Ostrosky-Zeichner Luis 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Community-acquired pneumonia continues to be one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality due to infectious disease. The aetiologies, clinical presentations, diagnostic modalities and therapeutic options are changing and outpacing the creation of management guidelines. This educational article summarizes a roundtable activity sponsored by an unrestricted educational grant by Paratek that included US experts discussing these changes and identifying gaps in the current guidelines.
ADLM Guidance Document on Laboratory Diagnosis of Respiratory Viruses
Authors: Berry Gregory J , Jhaveri Tulip A , Larkin Paige M K , Mostafa Heba , Babady N Esther 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Respiratory viral infections are among the most frequent infections experienced worldwide. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for testing and currently several tests are available for the detection of a wide range of viruses. These tests vary widely in terms of the number of viral pathogens included, viral markers targeted, regulatory status, and turnaround time to results, as well as their analytical and clinical performance. Given these many variables, selection and interpretation of testing requires thoughtful consideration. The current guidance document is the authors’ expert opinion based on the preponderance of available evidence to address key questions related to best practices for laboratory diagnosis of respiratory viral infections including who to test, when to test, and what tests to use. An algorithm is proposed to help laboratories decide on the most appropriate tests to use for the diagnosis of respiratory viral infections.
Control of the plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita in soil and on tomato roots by Clonostachys rosea
Authors: Stucky Tobias , Sy Eliana Thyda , Egger Jakob , Mathlouthi Enis , Krauss Jürgen , De Gianni Lara , Ruthes Andrea Caroline , Dahlin Paul 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Aims
Clonostachys rosea is a well-known mycoparasite that has recently been investigated as a bio-based alternative to chemical nematicides for the control of plant-parasitic nematodes. In the search for a promising biocontrol agent, the ability of the C. rosea strain PHP1701 to control the southern root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita was tested.

Methods and Results
Control of M. incognita in vitro and in soil by C. rosea strain PHP1701 was significant and concentration dependent. Small pot greenhouse trials confirmed a significant reduction in tomato root galling compared to the untreated control. In a large greenhouse trial, the control effect was confirmed in early and mid-season. Tomato yield was higher when the strain PHP1701 was applied compared to the untreated M. incognita-infected control. However, the yield of non-M. incognita-infected tomato plants was not reached. A similar reduction in root galling was also observed in a field trial.

Conclusions
The results highlight the potential of this fungal strain as a promising biocontrol agent for root-knot nematode control in greenhouses, especially as part of an integrated pest management approach. We recommend the use of C. rosea strain PHP1701 for short-season crops and/or to reduce M. incognita populations on fallow land before planting the next crop.
A common data model for the standardization of intensive care unit medication features
Authors: Sikora Andrea , Keats Kelli , Murphy David J , Devlin John W , Smith Susan E , Murray Brian , Buckley Mitchell S , Rowe Sandra , Coppiano Lindsey , Kamaleswaran Rishikesan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective
Common data models provide a standard means of describing data for artificial intelligence (AI) applications, but this process has never been undertaken for medications used in the intensive care unit (ICU). We sought to develop a common data model (CDM) for ICU medications to standardize the medication features needed to support future ICU AI efforts.

Materials and Methods
A 9-member, multi-professional team of ICU clinicians and AI experts conducted a 5-round modified Delphi process employing conference calls, web-based communication, and electronic surveys to define the most important medication features for AI efforts. Candidate ICU medication features were generated through group discussion and then independently scored by each team member based on relevance to ICU clinical decision-making and feasibility for collection and coding. A key consideration was to ensure the final ontology both distinguished unique medications and met Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (FAIR) guiding principles.

Results
Using a list of 889 ICU medications, the team initially generated 106 different medication features, and 71 were ranked as being core features for the CDM. Through this process, 106 medication features were assigned to 2 key feature domains: drug product-related (n = 43) and clinical practice-related (n = 63). Each feature included a standardized definition and suggested response values housed in the electronic data library. This CDM for ICU medications is available online.

Conclusion
The CDM for ICU medications represents an important first step for the research community focused on exploring how AI can improve patient outcomes and will require ongoing engagement and refinement.