bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tropical cyclones, global climate change and the role of Quaternary studies
Authors: Nott Jonathan 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe number and types of late Quaternary records of tropical cyclones (TCs) and temperate storms have been increasing globally over the past 10 years. There are now numerous such records for the Atlantic Ocean (USA) and Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea, South Pacific Ocean, and a fewer number from the northwest Pacific and Indian Ocean regions. The most obvious characteristic of these records is that many reveal extended alternating periods of greater and lesser TC activity over the past 6000 years. The length of these phases of relative inactivity and greater activity depends on the chronological resolution of the record, with the coarser‐resolution ones displaying multi‐century to millennial‐scale episodes and the high‐resolution records displaying decadal to centennial‐scale oscillations. In several instances the likely causes of these alternating periods of TC behaviour have been attributed to different phases of climate when El Niños and La Niñas dominated or to longer‐term variations in sea surface temperatures and possibly solar forcing. The picture emerging from these records is that TC behaviour is not entirely stochastic over the long term and that any simulations of long‐term TC behaviour need to account for these climatic influences. Incorporation of these observations, and the many more needed, is important for understanding the future behaviour of TCs. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Water mobility within arabinoxylan and β‐glucan films studied by NMR and dynamic vapour sorption
Authors: Ying Ruifeng , Barron Cécile , Saulnier Luc , Rondeau‐Mouro Corinne 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: The main purpose of this research was to determine the impact of the structure and organisation of polysaccharides on the hydration properties of the cell walls of cereal grains. In order to remodel the lamellar assembly of arabinoxylan (AX) and (1 → 3)(1 → 4)‐β‐D‐glucan (BG) within the endosperm cell walls, films were prepared and analysed using dynamic vapour sorption and time domain nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.RESULTS: The water diffusivities within the AX and BG films were measured at 20 °C by observing the water sorption kinetics within a mathematical model based on Fick's second law. The evolution of spin–spin relaxation times of water protons measured by increasing the temperature is explained by the additional contributions of motion of the protons of polysaccharides and/or rapid chemical exchanges of protons between water and hydroxyl groups of polysaccharides.CONCLUSION: The difference between patterns of water behaviour within the AX and BG films can be related to the difference in their nanostructures. The smaller nanopores of the BG films cause their nanostructure to be more compact. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
The status of EGFR‐associated genes could predict the outcome and tumor response of chemo‐refractory metastatic colorectal patients using cetuximab and chemotherapy
Authors: Lin Jen‐Kou , Lin An‐Jen , Lin Chun‐Chi , Lan Yuan‐Tzu , Yang Shung‐Haur , Li Anna Fen‐Yau , Chang Shih‐Ching 
Published: June 2011

AbstractPurposeThis study was designed to analyze the impacts of status of EGFR‐associated genes on the outcome of chemo‐refractory mCRC patients using cetuximab.Materials and MethodsWe collected samples from 42 metastatic CRC patients refractory to FOLFOX or FOLFIRI. Mutation profiles of KRAS, BRAF, PTEN, and PI3KCA and the copy numbers of EGFR and PTEN were analyzed. Overall survival and tumor response between various statuses of EGFR‐associated genes were compared.ResultsEleven patients had a partial response to cetuximab with chemotherapy. Sixteen (38.1%) tumors had KRAS mutations. Three (7.1%) had BRAF mutations (V600E) and three (7.1%) had PTEN mutations. No PIK3CA mutation was found. Of 26 wild‐KRAS tumors, nine (34.6%) had a partial response to cetuximab: this was higher than that of KRAS‐mutated tumors (12.5%). Five patients with BRAF or PTEN mutations did not response to cetuximab. Response rate increased to 45% in patients with all wild‐type KRAS, BRAF, and PTEN tumors. Of 16 tumors with high EGFR copy number, eight (50%) responded to cetuximab, a higher response rate than that of tumors with normal EGFR copy number (3/26, P = 0.011). Overall survival of patients was associated with high EGFR copy number and all wild‐type tumors.ConclusionEFGR copy number and mutation in EGFR‐associated genes could be selective markers in mCRC patients using cetuximab. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011; 104:661–666. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dual Effect of low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) on the acute lung inflammation induced by intestinal ischemia and reperfusion: Action on anti‐ and pro‐inflammatory cytokines
Authors: de Lima F. Mafra , Villaverde A.B. , Albertini R. , Corrêa J.C. , Carvalho R.L.P. , Munin E. , Araújo T. , Silva J.A. , Aimbire F. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveIt is unknown if pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory mediators in acute lung inflammation induced by intestinal ischemia and reperfusion (i‐I/R) can be modulated by low‐level laser therapy (LLLT).Study Design/Material and MethodsA controlled ex vivo study was developed in which rats were irradiated (660 nm, 30 mW, 0.08 cm2 of spot size) on the skin over the right upper bronchus 1 hour post‐mesenteric artery occlusion and euthanized 4 hours later. For pretreatment with anti‐tumor necrosis factor (TNF) or IL‐10 antibodies, the rats received either one of the agents 15 minutes before the beginning of reperfusion.MethodsLung edema was measured by the Evans blue extravasation and pulmonary neutrophils influx was determined by myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Both TNF and IL‐10 expression and protein in lung were evaluated by RT‐PCR and ELISA, respectively.ResultsLLLT reduced the edema (80.1 ± 41.8 µg g−1 dry weight), neutrophils influx (0.83 ± 0.02 × 106 cells ml−1), MPO activity (2.91 ± 0.60), and TNF (153.0 ± 21.0 pg mg−1 tissue) in lung when compared with respective control groups. Surprisingly, the LLLT increased the IL‐10 (0.65 ± 0.13) in lung from animals subjected to i‐I/R. Moreover, LLLT (0.32 ± 0.07 pg ml−1) reduced the TNF‐α level in RPAECs when compared with i‐I/R group. The presence of anti‐TNF or IL‐10 antibodies did not alter the LLLT effect on IL‐10 (465.1 ± 21.0 pg mg−1 tissue) or TNF (223.5 ± 21.0 pg mg−1 tissue) in lung from animals submitted to i‐I/R.ConclusionThe results indicate that the LLLT attenuates the i‐I/R‐induced acute lung inflammation which favor the IL‐10 production and reduce TNF generation. Lasers Surg. Med. 43:410–420, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interstitial PDT for vascular anomalies
Authors: Jerjes Waseem , Upile Tahwinder , Hamdoon Zaid , Mosse Charles Alexander , Akram Sarah , Morley Simon , Hopper Colin 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIntroductionPhotodynamic therapy is a proven therapeutic modality in the management of variety of pathologies involving the human body. Our aim in this clinical study is to prospectively evaluate the outcome following interstitial photodynamic therapy for patients with vascular anomalies. Patients' reports on quality of life with clinical and radiological evaluation were the main end point parameters used to assess the outcome.Materials and methodsForty‐three patients were referred to the UCLH Head and Neck Centre for treatment of vascular anomalies of the head and neck, including: infantile and congenital haemangiomas, venous, lymphatic and arteriovenous malformations. After multidisciplinary discussion, all patients underwent interstitial photodynamic therapy under general anaesthesia, using 0.15 mg/kg mTHPC as the photosensitising agent. Following treatment, patients were followed‐up for a mean of 21 months.ResultsFifteen out of nineteen patients who presented with long‐term pain reported improvement after treatment. Also, 7/8 reported significant reduction of bleeding related to their vascular anomaly. Improvement of swelling was reported by 28/35 patients; while reduction of infection episodes was evident in 8/11 patients and 31/36 reported reduction in the disfigurement caused by their pathology. Significant reduction of swallowing problems was reported in 9/12 patients, and breathing problems in 7/9 patients.Clinical assessment showed that half of the patients had ‘good response’ to the treatment. Moderate clinical response was reported by 13 (30.2%) patients. Radiological assessment comparing imaging 6‐week post‐PDT to the baseline showed moderate response in 11 (25.6%) patients and significant response in 15 (34.9%) patients.ConclusionThis study on 43 patients with vascular anomalies undergoing interstitial photodynamic therapy provided evidence that PDT is a successful modality in the management of these pathologies that are resistant to conventional modalities, with minimal side effects. Lasers Surg. Med. 43:357–365, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Induction of autologous mesenchymal stem cells in the bone marrow by low‐level laser therapy has profound beneficial effects on the infarcted rat heart
Authors: Tuby Hana , Maltz Lidya , Oron Uri 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe adult mammalian heart is known to have a very limited regenerative capacity following acute ischemia. In this study we investigated the hypothesis that photobiostimulation of autologous bone‐marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) by low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) applied to the bone marrow (BM), may migrate to the infarcted area and thus attenuate the scarring processes following myocardial infarction (MI).Materials and MethodsSprague‐Dawley rats underwent experimental MI. LLLT (Ga‐Al‐As diode laser, power density 10 mW/cm2, for 100 seconds) was then applied to the BM of the exposed tibia at different time intervals post‐MI (20 minutes and 4 hours). Sham‐operated infarcted rats served as control.ResultsInfarct size and ventricular dilatation were significantly reduced (76% and 75%, respectively) in the laser‐treated rats 20 minutes post‐MI as compared to the control‐non‐treated rats at 3 weeks post‐MI. There was also a significant 25‐fold increase in cell density of c‐kit+ cells in the infarcted area of the laser‐treated rats (20 minutes post‐MI) as compared to the non‐laser‐treated controls.ConclusionThe application of LLLT to autologous BM of rats post‐MI offers a novel approach to induce BM‐derived MSCs, which are consequently recruited from the circulation to the infarcted heart and markedly attenuate the scarring process post‐MI. Lasers Surg. Med. 43:401–409, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Safety study of transcutaneous focused ultrasound for non‐invasive skin tightening in Asians
Authors: Chan Nicola P.Y. , Shek Samantha Y.N. , Yu Carol S. , Ho Stephanie G.Y. , Yeung Chi K. , Chan Henry H.L. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesTranscutaneous intense focused ultrasound has emerged as a novel technology for non‐invasive skin tightening. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety profile of a transcutaneous focused ultrasound device for the treatment of facial skin laxity in Asians.Materials and MethodsThe patients received one to three full‐face treatments with the transcutaneous focused ultrasound device. Three transducers (7.0 MHz, 3.0 mm focal depth; 7.0 MHz, 4.5 mm focal depth; 4.0 MHz, 4.5 mm focal depth) were used to deliver a single pass of microthermal coagulation zones without any topical anesthetics. Standardized photos were taken at baseline and at each follow‐up with the Canfield Visia CR system® and were assessed by two independent physicians. Adverse effects were assessed up to 6 months post treatment. Subjective assessments in terms of pain and tolerability were also evaluated with patient questionnaires.ResultsForty nine Chinese patients (skin types III–IV, mean age 53.3) completed a total of 68 treatment sessions. Transient erythema and edema were seen in the majority of patients. Focal bruising was present in up to 25% of treatment sessions. Two cases of post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation were seen on the forehead at 1‐month post‐treatment. One patient experienced focal twitching over the lower eyelid at 1‐month follow‐up, which was clinically consistent with hemifacial spasm and was unrelated to the ultrasound device. The degree of pain during treatment was recorded as severe in 54.4% of treatment sessions.ConclusionsTranscutaneous intense focused ultrasound appeared to be safe for non‐invasive facial skin tightening in Asians. Adverse events were mild and transient. Pain control during treatment should be optimized. No serious permanent or delayed side effects were noted up to 6 months post treatment. Lasers Surg. Med. 43:366–375, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Effects of a Separation of Ownership from Control on UK Listed Firms: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Crossan Kenny 
Published: June 2011

There has been a wide‐ranging debate concerning the effects of the separation of management and ownership of large firms. Given recent issues concerning corporate remuneration, this debate is as relevant and possibly more so today as it has ever been. Theoretically, as the ownership of a firm becomes more diverse, the management of the firm will have more discretion and opportunity to act in accordance with their own interests at the expense of those of the shareholders.This paper considers the effect of a separation of ownership from control on 406 UK listed firms. Simultaneous equations are used to test for a relationship between the percentage of shares owned by significant outsiders and insiders and the performance of the firm. A number of authors have suggested that there may be a significant relationship between these variables. The analysis conducted in this study supports the view that there is a relationship between ownership structure and firm performance. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regional and temporal variations in tissue sodium concentration during the acute stroke phase
Authors: Wetterling Friedrich , Gallagher Lindsay , Macrae I. Mhairi , Junge Sven , Fagan Andrew J. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA technique for noninvasively quantifying the concentration of sodium (23Na) ions was applied to the study of ischemic stroke. 23Na‐magnetic resonance imaging techniques have shown considerable potential for measuring subtle changes in ischemic tissue, although studies to date have suffered primarily from poor signal/noise ratio. In this study, accurate quantification of tissue sodium concentration (TSC) was achieved in 23Na images with voxel sizes of 1.2 μL acquired in 10 min. The evolution of TSC was investigated from 0.5 to 8 h in focal cortical and subcortical ischemic tissue following permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat (n = 5). Infarct volumes determined from TSC measurements correlated significantly with histology (P = 0.0006). A delayed linear model was fitted to the TSC time course data in each voxel, which revealed that the TSC increase was more immediate (0.2 ± 0.1 h delay time) in subcortical ischemic tissue, whereas it was delayed by 1.6 ± 0.5 h in ischemic cortex (P = 0.0002). No significant differences (P = 0.5) were measured between TSC slope rates in cortical (10.2 ± 1.1 mM/h) and subcortical (9.7 ± 1.1 mM/h) ischemic tissue. The data suggest that any TSC increase measured in ischemic tissue indicates infarction (core) and regions exhibiting a delay to TSC increase indicate potentially salvageable tissue (penumbra). Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dominant and recessive RYR1 mutations in adults with core lesions and mild muscle symptoms
Authors: Duarte Sofia T. , Oliveira Jorge , Santos Rośrio , Pereira Pedro , Barroso Cândida , Conceição Isabel , Evangelista Teresinha 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIntroduction:Ryanodine receptor gene (RYR1) mutations have been associated with central core disease (CCD), multiminicore/minicore/multicore disease (MmD), and susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia (MH).Methods:Patients with muscle symptoms in adulthood, who had features compatible with CCD/MmD, underwent clinical, histological, and genetic (RYR1 and SEPN1 genes) evaluations. Published cases of CCD and MmD with adult onset were also reviewed.Results:Eight patients fulfilled the criteria for further analysis. Five RYR1 mutations, 4 of them unreported, were detected in 3 patients. Compound heterozygosity was proven in 1 case.Conclusions:To our knowledge, this is the only report of adult onset associated with recessive RYR1 mutations and central core/multiminicores on muscle biopsy. Although adult patients with CCD, MmD, and minimally symptomatic MH with abnormal muscle biopsy findings usually have a mild clinical course, differential diagnosis and carrier screening is crucial for prevention of potentially life‐threatening reactions to general anesthesia. Muscle Nerve 44: 102–108, 2011
An Eulerian‐Lagrangian control volume scheme for two‐dimensional unsteady advection‐diffusion problems
Authors: Al‐Lawatia Mohamed 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe develop a mass conservative Eulerian‐Lagrangian control volume scheme (ELCVS) for the solution of the transient advection‐diffusion equations in two space dimensions. This method uses finite volume test functions over the space‐time domain defined by the characteristics within the framework of the class of Eulerian‐Lagrangian localized adjoint characteristic methods (ELLAM). It, therefore, maintains the advantages of characteristic methods in general, and of this class in particular, which include global mass conservation as well as a natural treatment of all types of boundary conditions. However, it differs from other methods in that class in the treatment of the mass storage integrals at the previous time step defined on deformed Lagrangian regions. This treatment is especially attractive for orthogonal rectangular Eulerian grids composed of block elements. In the algorithm, each deformed region is approximated by an eight‐node region with sides drawn parallel to the Eulerian grid, which significantly simplifies the integration compared with the approach used in finite volume ELLAM methods, based on backward tracking, while retaining local mass conservation at no additional expenses in terms of accuracy or CPU consumption. This is verified by numerical tests which show that ELCVS performs as well as standard finite volume ELLAM methods, which have previously been shown to outperform many other well‐received classes of numerical methods for the equations considered. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2012
Contribution of fibrinolytic tests to the differential diagnosis of veno‐occlusive disease complicating pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Sartori Maria Teresa , Cesaro Simone , Peruzzo Mattia , Messina Chiara , Saggiorato Graziella , Calore Elisabetta , Pillon Marta , Varotto Stefania , Spiezia Luca , Cella Giuseppe 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackgroundVeno‐occlusive disease (VOD) is a major complication following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Its diagnosis is based on clinical criteria, which have a limited sensitivity. Increased plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1) levels have been suggested as a marker of VOD. We aimed to prospectively evaluate how the fibrinolytic parameters behaved to discriminate VOD from other liver disorders occurring after HSCT in a pediatric population.ProceduresA total of 195 HSCT were performed on 161 children and VOD complicated 11 cases (6.8%). Alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin, PAI‐1 antigen (PAI‐1:Ag) and activity, t‐PA antigen, D‐dimer, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, antithrombin, fibrinogen, and platelet counts were measured in 105 HSCT before and then weekly for 1 month after HSCT.ResultsAn early, significant increase in the fibrinolytic parameters was seen in patients who developed VOD, even before VOD was diagnosed clinically, by comparison with patients without complications or those with non‐VOD liver disorders. The combined increase in bilirubin, D‐dimer, and PAI‐1:Ag levels beyond the normal range distinguished VOD cases from other liver complications with a high sensitivity and specificity.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates that fibrinolytic tests can help diagnose VOD after HSCT in the pediatric population. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58: 791–797. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assessing personal resiliency in the context of school settings: Using the resiliency scales for children and adolescents
Authors: Prince‐Embury Sandra 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis article addresses measurement issues in the examination of resiliency within school settings. The Resiliency Scales for Children and Adolescents is described as an example of an instrument developed specifically for this purpose. This description identifies developmentally sound factors of personal resiliency that are relevant for youth in school settings. Also addressed are criteria of psychometric soundness required for universal screening and impact tracking, norm‐based profiles of personal resiliency, and summary indices of resource and vulnerability for use in screening. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A contextual approach to understanding breast cancer survivorship among Latinas
Authors: Lopez‐Class Maria , Gomez‐Duarte Jessika , Graves Kristi , Ashing‐Giwa Kimlin 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this review is to describe the empirical literature on the health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) in Latina breast cancer survivors by exploring the social determinants of health. In framing the key domains of survivors' quality of life within a ecological‐contextual model that evaluates individual and societal contributions to health outcomes, we provide a comprehensive landscape of the diverse factors constituting Latina survivors' lived experiences and their resultant quality of life outcomes.MethodsWe retrieved 244 studies via search engines and reference lists, of which 37 studies met the inclusion criteria.ResultsFindings document the importance of the social determinants of HRQOL, with studies documenting ecological and contextual factors accounting for significant variance in HRQOL outcomes. Our review identifies a dearth of research examining community‐, institutional‐, and policy‐level factors, such as health care access, legal and immigration factors, physical and built environments, and health care affordability and policies affecting Latina breast cancer survivors' HRQOL.ConclusionsOverall research on Latina breast cancer survivorship is sparse, with even greater underrepresentation within longitudinal and intervention studies. Results highlight a need for clear documentation of the comprehensive care needs of underserved cancer survivors and interventions considering integrated systems of care to address the medical and ecological factors known to impact the HRQOL of breast cancer survivors. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gravitino dark matter and R‐violating SUSY searches
Authors: Lola S. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe study gravitino dark matter and slow gravitino decays in supersymmetric theories with broken R‐parity. For the model parameters that may give rise to viable radiative neutrino masses and visible R‐violating signatures in colliders, gravitinos are cosmologically stable and can be good dark matter candidates. For the range of parameters of interest, observable lepton flavour violation is to be expected, both at low energy rare processes but also at the LHC. The rates strongly depend on the flavour structure of R‐violating operators, and have distinct correlations that should be distinguishable in the coming generation of experiments.