bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Invertibility of Helmholtz operators for nonhomogeneous medias
Authors: Rabinovich Vladimir , Cerdan Manuel Quino 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe paper is devoted to the investigation of the Helmholtz operators

describing the propagation of acoustic waves in non‐homogeneous space. We consider the operator A with a wave number k such that

where k0 is a positive function, k± are complex constants with ℑ︁(k)>0. The Helmholtz operator A with such wave number describes the propagation of acoustic waves in the waveguides being no homogeneous layer between two absorbing half‐space. We prove that the operator A has an inverse operator A‐1 bounded in the Hilbert space L2(ℝn). Our proof is based on the limit operators method.We also consider the construction of the inverse operator for the Helmholtz operator Aε with the density ρ = ρ(xn) depending on xn only and wave number k0 = k0(εx′, xn) depending on a small parameter ε>0 which characterizes the slowness of variation of the wave number in the horizontal direction. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The sea urchin major yolk protein is synthesized mainly in the gut inner epithelium and the gonadal nutritive phagocytes before and during gametogenesis
Authors: Unuma Tatsuya , Nakamura Akifumi , Yamano Keisuke , Yokota Yukio 
Published: August 2009

AbstractMajor yolk protein (MYP), the predominant component of yolk granules in sea urchin eggs, is also contained in the coelomic fluid and nutritive phagocytes of the gonad in both sexes. MYP is stored in ovarian and testicular nutritive phagocytes prior to gametogenesis and is used during gametogenesis as material for synthesizing proteins and other components necessary for eggs and sperm. To reveal the expression profile and the main production site of MYP, we analyzed MYP mRNA expression in immature and maturing Pseudocentrotus depressus. Real‐time reverse‐transcribed polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that MYP mRNA was expressed predominantly in the digestive tract (stomach, intestine and rectum) and the gonad of both sexes. The total amounts of MYP mRNA in the whole digestive tract and in the whole gonad were at similar levels in both immature and maturing sea urchins. MYP mRNA was also detected in white morula cells and vibratile cells separated from the coelomic fluid by density gradient centrifugation, but the expression levels in these cells were very low compared with those in the digestive tract and the gonad. Using in situ hybridization analysis, MYP mRNA was detected in the inner epithelium of the digestive tract and in nutritive phagocytes of the ovary and testis, but was not detected in the germ cells. We conclude that the adult sea urchin has two predominant production sites for MYP regardless of sex and reproductive stage: the inner epithelium of the digestive tract and the nutritive phagocytes of the gonad. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 77: 59–68, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
3,4‐Diaminopyridine is more effective than placebo in a randomized, double‐blind, cross‐over drug study in LEMS
Authors: Oh Shin J. , Claussen Gwendolyn G. , Hatanaka Yuki , Morgan Marla B. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical and electrophysiological efficacy of 3,4‐diaminopyridine (DAP) in patients with Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) in a randomized, double‐blind, cross‐over drug trial. The diagnosis of LEMS was made based on the combination of fluctuating muscle weakness, diminished or absent reflexes, and more than 60% increment of the compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude after brief exercise or 50‐HZstimulation on a repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) test. Evaluations were done at baseline, with placebo, and with 3,4‐DAP (up to 75–80 mg/day). Assignment of placebo or 3,4‐DAP was done in a double‐blinded manner. Measurements included subjective symptoms score, objective clinical measurements [LEMS classification, muscle strength score, quantitative myasthenia gravis (QMG) score] and RNS test and single‐fiber electromyography (SFEMG). The differences between placebo and baseline values (placebo change) were compared with the differences between 3,4‐DAP and baseline or placebo values (DAP change). Seven patients with LEMS (QMG score >9) participated in the study. One patient had major side‐effects with 3,4‐DAP and withdrew from the study. Statistically significant efficacy was noted with DAP change (N= 13) compared with placebo change (N= 7) according to the subjective symptoms score (P= 0.01), LEMS classification (P< 0.001), muscle strength score (P< 0.006), QMG score (P= 0.02), and CMAP (P= 0.03). For long‐term treatment, 2 patients preferred 3,4‐DAP, 1 chose guanidine hydrochloride, 1 preferred pyridostigmine, and 2 chose no treatment. A randomized, double‐blind, cross‐over drug trial of 3,4‐DAP showed significant efficacy over placebo in patients with LEMS. As a long‐term treatment, however, not all patients preferred this drug. Muscle Nerve, 2009
Normal values for quantitative muscle ultrasonography in adults
Authors: Arts Ilse M.P. , Pillen Sigrid , Schelhaas H. Jurgen , Overeem Sebastiaan , Zwarts Machiel J. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractUltrasonography can detect structural muscle changes caused by neuromuscular disease. Quantitative analysis is the preferred method to determine if ultrasound findings are within normal limits, but normative data are incomplete. The purpose of this study was to provide normative muscle ultrasonography data for muscle thickness and echo intensity for five different muscle groups in adults. Bilateral scans of the sternocleidomastoid, biceps brachii/brachialis, forearm flexor group, quadriceps femoris, and tibialis anterior were made in 95 volunteers, aged 17–90 years. Both muscle thickness and echo intensity showed gender differences and a muscle‐specific non‐linear correlation with age. The muscles of the upper extremities showed right–left differences. These data demonstrate the effect of age on muscle characteristics and provide normative values that can be used in clinical practice. Muscle Nerve, 2010
High‐pass filtering surface EMG in an attempt to better represent the signals detected at the intramuscular level
Authors: Brown Stephen H.M. , Brookham Rebecca L. , Dickerson Clark R. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractSurface electromyography (EMG) is often used to represent activation profiles of the underlying musculature. The purpose of this study was to assess the potential of high‐pass (HP) filtering to improve the matching of surface EMG signals to those signals recorded intramuscularly. EMG was recorded at the skin surface over the infraspinatus and supraspinatus muscles as well as from fine‐wire electrodes placed in the infraspinatus, supraspinatus, and teres minor muscles. The surface EMG signals were HP‐filtered at 18 cutoff frequencies (0–510 HZ in 30 HZ increments), and the time‐histories were correlated with the signals from the wire electrodes. HP filtering did not significantly alter the correlated muscle activation waveform relationship between the surface and wire signals until cutoffs reached 240 HZ. HP filtering of the surface signals did not improve the representation of the muscle fiber‐level activation profile, but the results suggest that enough information resides in the high‐frequency components of the signal to reproduce the activation time–history profile of the muscle. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Asymptotic upper bounds for the errors of Richardson extrapolation with practical application in approximate computations
Authors: Soroushian Aram , Wriggers Peter , Farjoodi Jamshid 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe results produced by Richardson extrapolation, though, in general, very accurate, are inexact. Numerical evaluation of this inexactness and implementation of the evaluation in practice are the objectives of this paper. First, considering linear changes of errors in the convergence plots, asymptotic upper bounds are proposed for the errors. Then, the achievement is extended to the results produced by Richardson extrapolation, and finally, an error‐controlling procedure is proposed and successfully implemented in approximate computations originated in science and engineering. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An adaptive spacetime discontinuous Galerkin method for cohesive models of elastodynamic fracture
Authors: Abedi Reza , Hawker Morgan A. , Haber Robert B. , Matouš Karel 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis paper describes an adaptive numerical framework for cohesive fracture models based on a spacetime discontinuous Galerkin (SDG) method for elastodynamics with elementwise momentum balance. Discontinuous basis functions and jump conditions written with respect to target traction values simplify the implementation of cohesive traction–separation laws in the SDG framework; no special cohesive elements or other algorithmic devices are required. We use unstructured spacetime grids in ah‐adaptive implementation to adjust simultaneously the spatial and temporal resolutions. Two independent error indicators drive the adaptive refinement. One is a dissipation‐based indicator that controls the accuracy of the solution in the bulk material; the second ensures the accuracy of the discrete rendering of the cohesive law. Applications of the SDG cohesive model to elastodynamic fracture demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method and reveal a new solution feature: an unexpected quasi‐singular structure in the velocity response. Numerical examples demonstrate the use of adaptive analysis methods in resolving this structure, as well as its importance in reliable predictions of fracture kinetics. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A series of new exact solutions of nonlinear evolution equations
Authors: Abdou M. A. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWith the aid of computer symbolic computation system Maple, the generalized auxiliary equation method is first applied to two nonlinear evolution equations, namely, the nonlinear elastic rod equation and (2 + 1)‐dimensional Boiti‐Leon‐Pempinelli equation. As a results, some new types of exact traveling wave solutions are obtained which include bell and kink profile solitary wave solutions, and triangular periodic wave solutions and singular solutions. The method is straightforward and concise, and it can also be applied to other nonlinear evolution equations in mathematical physics. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2010
Caregiver characteristics predict stroke survivor quality of life at 4 months and 1 year
Authors: Klinedinst N. Jennifer , Gebhardt Mary C. , Aycock Dawn M. , Nichols‐Larsen Deborah S. , Uswatte Gitendra , Wolf Steven L. , Clark Patricia C. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractEvaluating factors that reduce stroke survivors' (SS) health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) is important for developing interventions to improve HRQOL after stroke. The influence of baseline caregiver and family characteristics (physical health, depressive symptoms, family communication) on five domains of SS HRQOL (physical function, memory/thinking, social activities, communication, and mood) was examined. Data were collected on 132 SS‐caregiver dyads at baseline, 4 months, and 12 months. Baseline caregiver depressive symptoms predicted lower scores for SS physical function and communication at 4 months and social participation and mood at 12 months. Male caregiver gender was negatively associated with SS HRQOL (communication and mood) at 12 months. Early intervention targeting these family characteristics, especially caregiver depressive symptoms, may improve survivors' HRQOL. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 32:592–605, 2009
Examining prejudice‐reduction theories in anti‐racism initiatives
Authors: Jensen Gitte , Cismaru Magdalena , Lavack Anne , Cismaru Romulus 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
We examined the role of prejudice‐reduction theories in anti‐racism initiatives, by identifying, gathering, and analyzing anti‐racism campaigns from a variety of English‐language websites. Our review revealed many anti‐racism initiatives running in the United Kingdom and a smaller number of initiatives running in Canada, the United States, Australia, and other countries. We provide a description of the key themes and messages being used in anti‐racism initiatives, including a variety of components such as TV and radio public service announcements, print materials, social events, competitions, awards, and help‐services. We also discuss how the components of the initiatives correspond with Duckitt's (2001) multi‐level framework for prejudice reduction, operating on four causal levels: (1) perceptual‐cognitive, (2) individual, (3) interpersonal, and (4) societal‐intergroup. Recommendations for enhancing future anti‐racism initiatives are provided.
Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mythos Galilei. Die ersten Fernrohrbeobachtungen und ihre Folgen
Authors: Hamel Jürgen 
Published: September 2009

AbstractNachdem holländische Brillenmacher im Herbst 1608 das Fernrohr erfunden hatten, war das Interesse an diesem neuen Instrument vor allem durch seine Anwendung im Militärwesen und der Seefahrt bestimmt. Doch schon kurz darauf richteten mehrere Astronomen das Fernrohr auch an den Himmel. Die Entdeckung der Mondformationen, der Sonnenflecken, der vier großen Jupitermonde, des Saturnrings sowie der Sterne in der Milchstraße und im Orionnebel gelang relativ gleichzeitig mehreren Beobachtern an verschiedenen Orten. Wenngleich auch diese Entdeckungen keine direkten Beweise für die Richtigkeit des copernicanischen Weltsystems erbrachten, erschütterten sie doch das Vertrauen in die aristotelische Physik. So ebneten sie den Weg für die Anerkennung des heliozentrischen Weltsystems.
Tetracycline treatment targeting Wolbachia affects expression of an array of proteins in Brugia malayi parasite
Authors: Dangi Anil , Vedi Satish , Nag Jeetendra Kumar , Paithankar Sameer , Singh Mahendra Pratap , Kar Santosh Kumar , Dube Anuradha , Misra‐Bhattacharya Shailja 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWolbachia is an intracellular endosymbiont of Brugia malayi parasite whose presence is essential for the survival of the parasite. Treatment of B. malayi‐infected jirds with tetracycline eliminates Wolbachia, which affects parasite survival and fitness. In the present study we have tried to identify parasite proteins that are affected when Wolbachia is targeted by tetracycline. For this Wolbachia depleted parasites (B. malayi) were obtained by tetracycline treatment of infected Mongolian jirds (Meriones unguiculatus) and their protein profile after 2‐DE separation was compared with that of untreated parasites harboring Wolbachia. Approximately 100 protein spots could be visualized followed by CBB staining of 2‐D gel and included for comparative analysis. Of these, 54 showed differential expressions, while two new protein spots emerged (of 90.3 and 64.4 kDa). These proteins were subjected to further analysis by MALDI‐TOF for their identification using Brugia coding sequence database composed of both genomic and EST sequences. Our study unravels two crucial findings: (i) the parasite or Wolbachia proteins, which disappeared/down‐regulated appear be essential for parasite survival and may be used as drug targets and (ii) tetracycline treatment interferes with the regulatory machinery vital for parasites cellular integrity and defense and thus could possibly be a molecular mechanism for the killing of filarial parasite. This is the first proteomic study substantiating the wolbachial genome integrity with its nematode host and providing functional genomic data of human lymphatic filarial parasite B. malayi.
Leaf proteome analysis of eight Populus ×euramericana genotypes: Genetic variation in drought response and in water‐use efficiency involves photosynthesis‐related proteins
Authors: Bonhomme Ludovic , Monclus Romain , Vincent Delphine , Carpin Sabine , Lomenech Anne‐Marie , Plomion Christophe , Brignolas Franck , Morabito Domenico 
Published: August 2009

AbstractGenetic variation of leaf proteome in drought response was investigated among eight Populus ×euramericana genotypes contrasting for their leaf carbon isotope discrimination (Δ), an estimate of intrinsic water‐use efficiency. Plants were grown in open field on two similar plots. Drought was induced by an 86‐day irrigation cessation on one plot, whereas a second plot remained regularly irrigated. Using 2‐DE, 863 reproducible spots were detected; about 60% presented at least one significant effect i.e. treatment, genotype and/or genotype by treatment interaction effect. A significant genotype by treatment interaction was detected for 62 reliably identified proteins among which, about 65% consisted in chloroplast‐associated proteins either involved in the Calvin cycle or in the electron‐transport chains. The other proteins were involved in oxidative stress, amino acid or protein metabolisms. Correlations between protein abundance and Δ variations were found for 45 reliably identified proteins. The abundance of ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activase isoforms scaled negatively with Δ regardless of the treatment, suggesting that a large intrinsic water‐use efficiency could be due to higher abundance of ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activase. Under control condition, abundance of enzymes involved in carbon fixation was also negatively correlated with Δ, whereas abundance of enzymes involved in photorespiration or respiration was positively correlated with Δ.
A MS data search method for improved 15N‐labeled protein identification
Authors: Zhang Yaoyang , Webhofer Christian , Reckow Stefan , Filiou Michaela D. , Maccarrone Giuseppina , Turck Christoph W. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractQuantitative proteomics using stable isotope labeling strategies combined with MS is an important tool for biomarker discovery. Methods involving stable isotope metabolic labeling result in optimal quantitative accuracy, since they allow the immediate combination of two or more samples. Unfortunately, stable isotope incorporation rates in metabolic labeling experiments using mammalian organisms usually do not reach 100%. As a consequence, protein identifications in 15N database searches have poor success rates. We report on a strategy that significantly improves the number of 15N‐labeled protein identifications and results in a more comprehensive and accurate relative peptide quantification workflow.
Human lysosomal α‐mannosidases exhibit different inhibition and metal binding properties
Authors: Venkatesan Meenakshi , Kuntz Douglas A. , Rose David R. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractTwo structurally‐related members of the lysosomal mannosidase family, the broad substrate specificity enzyme human lysosomal α‐mannosidase (hLM, MAN2B1) and the human core α‐1, 6‐specific mannosidase (hEpman, MAN2B2) act in a complementary fashion on different glycosidic linkages, to effect glycan degradation in the lysosome. We have successfully expressed these enzymes in Drosophila S2 cells and functionally characterized them. hLM and hEpman were significantly inhibited by the class II α‐mannosidase inhibitors, swainsonine and mannostatin A. We show that three pyrrolidine‐based compounds designed for selective inhibition of Golgi α‐mannosidase II (GMII) exhibited varying degrees of inhibition for hLM and hEpman. While these compounds inhibited hLM and GMII similarly, they inhibited hEpman to a lesser extent. Further, the two lysosomal α‐mannosidases also show differential metal dependency properties. This has led us to propose a secondary metal binding site in hEpman. These results set the stage for the development of selective inhibitors to members of the GH38 family, and, henceforth, the further investigation of their physiological roles.
Structure of the Cdt1 C‐terminal domain: Conservation of the winged helix fold in replication licensing factors
Authors: Khayrutdinov Bulat I. , Bae Won Jin , Yun Young Mi , Lee Jie Hye , Tsuyama Takashi , Kim Jung Joo , Hwang Eunha , Ryu Kyoung‐Seok , Cheong Hae‐Kap , Cheong Chaejoon , Ko Jung‐Soon , Enomoto Takemi , Karplus P. Andrew , Güntert Peter , Tada Shusuke , Jeon Young Ho , Cho Yunje 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn eukaryotic replication licensing, Cdt1 plays a key role by recruiting the MCM2‐7 complex onto the origin of chromosome. The C‐terminal domain of mouse Cdt1 (mCdt1C), the most conserved region in Cdt1, is essential for licensing and directly interacts with the MCM2‐7 complex. We have determined the structures of mCdt1CS (mCdt1C_small; residues 452 to 557) and mCdt1CL (mCdt1C_large; residues 420 to 557) using X‐ray crystallography and solution NMR spectroscopy, respectively. While the N‐terminal 31 residues of mCdt1CL form a flexible loop with a short helix near the middle, the rest of mCdt1C folds into a winged helix structure. Together with the middle domain of mouse Cdt1 (mCdt1M, residues 172–368), this study reveals that Cdt1 is formed with a tandem repeat of the winged helix domain. The winged helix fold is also conserved in other licensing factors including archaeal ORC and Cdc6, which supports an idea that these replication initiators may have evolved from a common ancestor. Based on the structure of mCdt1C, in conjunction with the biochemical analysis, we propose a binding site for the MCM complex within the mCdt1C.
Safety Guidelines for the merger and acquisition process
Authors: Melhem G. , Ozog H. , Kenney G. , Groves G. , Kalelkar A. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS) will publish a new book titled “Guidelines for Acquisition Evaluation and Post Merger Integration,” with a strong focus on risks associated with process safety and its management. This publication is very timely since there is a plethora of mergers and acquisitions (M&A) underway as chemical companies seek M&A as one avenue of growth and strategic consolidation in a highly mature industry.This article summarizes this book that will contain detailed check lists identifying the “must do” items on a pre‐merger basis and a “must do and how to manage” check list and directions on a post merger, smooth and seamless integration basis. In any organization the responsibility, authority, and accountability (RAA) chain is clearly delineated, but the specific responsibility for process safety management issues may vary between the acquiring corporation and the acquired entity. During post merger integration it is vital that a unified RAA chain be articulated and be clearly understood and be operational on Day 1 after the merger. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2010
From ‘fish out of water’ to ‘fitting in’: the challenge of re‐placing home in a mobile world
Authors: Butcher Melissa 
Published: August 2009

AbstractRecent academic arguments in transnational and mobility studies have emphasised fluid and flexible understandings of concepts such as place and home. This paper, however, will argue that the desire to fix home with particular meaning by attaching it to place is still apparent even for highly mobile migrants, and seeks to explore why this is the case. Using data from qualitative research with a group of highly mobile Australian transnational professionals working in Asia, the paper elaborates on social, material, and imaginative home‐making strategies utilised to re‐place home, regarded as a space of comfort and cultural fit. These strategies were ultimately a means by which expatriates managed affective responses to difference that were generated in new cultural contexts that challenged subjective understandings of identity. The paper concludes that mobility does not necessarily equate with relinquishing connections between home and place, but complex belonging to ‘bits’ of multiple homes for particular participants was also evident. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.