bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lab-on-Glass System for DNA Analysis using Thin and Thick Film Technologies
Authors: Caputo Domenico , Ceccarelli Matteo , de Cesare Giampiero , Nascetti Augusto , Scipinotti Riccardo 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we present a compact lab-on-chip system suited for label-free DNA analysis. The system can be fabricated on a conventional microscope glass slide using thin-film and thick-film technologies. It integrates a heating chamber, an electrowetting-based droplet handling system and a hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) photosensor array for DNA detection. At this stage of research we have designed and tested the individual functional units. The heating chamber incorporates a thin metal film heater optimized for uniform temperature distribution on a 1cm2area. A forward-biased a-Si:H p-i-n junction is used for temperature monitoring, achieving a linear temperature dependence with -3.3 mV/K sensitivity. The droplet-handling unit, relying on the electrowetting method, is designed to move the sample from the heating chamber to the sensor array. The unit includes a set of metal pads beneath a layer of PDMS that provides both the electric insulation of the electrodes and the hydrophobic surface needed by the electrowetting technique. The UV sensor array allows measuring the DNA absorbance variation at 254nm related to the hybridization between probe-molecules contained in the sample and reference target molecules immobilized on the sensor surface. A preliminary test to detect the hybridization between a 25-mer single-stranded oligonucleotides and denaturated pBR 322 4162-mer single-stranded oligonucleotides has been carried out successfully.
Resonant Microcavities Coupled to a Photonic Crystal Waveguide for Multi-channel Biodetection
Authors: Guillermain Elisa , Fauchet Philippe M. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractMiniaturized and highly sensitive bio-sensors are attractive in various applications, such as medicine or food safety. Photonic crystal (PhC) microcavities present multiple advantages for rapid and accurate label-free optical detection. But their principle of operation (i.e. observation of a peak in transmission) makes their integration in serial arrays difficult. We present in this paper a multi-channel sensor consisting of several resonant PhC microcavities coupled to the same waveguide. The transmission spectrum shows as many dips as there are cavities, and each of the microcavities can act as an independent sensor. Preliminary results show the fabrication and characterization of a double-channel structure with small defects used as a solvent sensor.
Experimental Formation of Periodontal Structure Around Titanium Implants Utilizing Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Pilot Study
Authors: Marei Mona K. , Saad Manal M. , El-Ashwah Adham M. , El-Backly Rania M. , Al-Khodary Mohammed A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractTissue engineering in the head and neck area, presents numerous advantages. One of the most remarkable advantages is that regeneration of only a small amount of tissue can be highly beneficial to the patient, particularly in the field of periodontal tissue regeneration. For decades, successful osseointegration has provided thousands of restorations that maintain normal function. With the increasing need to utilize dental implants for growing patients and enhance their function to simulate normal tooth physiology and proprioception, there appears to be an urgent need for the concept of periodontal tissue regeneration around dental implants. In the present work, 5 goats were used for immediate implant placement post canine teeth extraction. Each goat received 2 implant fixtures; the control side received a porous hollow root-form poly (DL-Lactide-co-Glycolide) scaffold around the titanium fixture, and the experimental side received the same scaffold but seeded with autogenous bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells. One animal was killed 10 days postoperatively, and the others were killed after 1 month. The results showed that on the experimental side, periodontal-like tissue with newly formed bone was demonstrated both at 10 days and after 1 month, while the control specimens showed early signs of connective tissue regeneration around the titanium fixture at 10 days, but was not shown in the 1 month specimens. It can be concluded that undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells were capable of differentiating to provide the 3 critical tissues required for periodontal tissue regeneration: cementum, bone, and periodontal ligament. This work may provide a new approach for periodontal tissue regeneration.
Implant Rehabilitation for a Patient With Hallerman-Streiff Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Abadi Behruz J. , Van Sickels Joseph E. , McConnell Thomas A. , Kluemper G. Thomas 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Hallermann-Streiff syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by craniofacial malformations, sparse hair, eye abnormalities, dental defects, degenerative skin changes, and short stature. The syndrome has many implications for dental treatment. Patients typically present with multiple missing and poorly formed teeth. The purpose of this case report is to discuss the overall management of a patient with Hallermann-Streiff syndrome by oral maxillofacial surgery, orthodontic treatment, and prosthodontic reconstruction.
Noise Levels Associated With New York City's Mass Transit Systems
Authors: Neitzel Richard , Gershon Robyn R. M. , Zeltser Marina , Canton Allison , Akram Muhammad 
Published: June 2009

Objectives. We measured noise levels associated with various forms of mass transit and compared them to exposure guidelines designed to protect against noise-induced hearing loss. Methods. We used noise dosimetry to measure time-integrated noise levels in a representative sample of New York City mass transit systems (subways, buses, ferries, tramway, and commuter railways) aboard transit vehicles and at vehicle boarding platforms or terminals during June and July 2007. Results. Of the transit types evaluated, subway cars and platforms had the highest associated equivalent continuous average (Leq) and maximum noise levels. All transit types had Leq levels appreciably above 70 A-weighted decibels, the threshold at which noise-induced hearing loss is considered possible. Conclusions. Mass transit noise exposure has the potential to exceed limits recommended by the World Health Organization and the US Environmental Protection Agency and thus cause noise-induced hearing loss among riders of all forms of mass transit given sufficient exposure durations. Environmental noise–control efforts in mass transit and, in cases in which controls are infeasible, the use of personal hearing protection would benefit the ridership's hearing health.
First-Trimester Working Conditions and Birthweight: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Vrijkotte Tanja G. M. , van der Wal Marcel F. , van Eijsden Manon , Bonsel Gouke J. 
Published: June 2009

Objectives. We investigated the relationship between women's first-trimester working conditions and infant birthweight. Methods. Pregnant women (N = 8266) participating in the Amsterdam Born Children and Their Development study completed a questionnaire gathering information on employment and working conditions. After exclusions, 7135 women remained in our analyses. Low birthweight and delivery of a small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infant were the main outcome measures. Results. After adjustment, a workweek of 32 hours or more (mean birthweight decrease of 43 g) and high job strain (mean birthweight decrease of 72 g) were significantly associated with birthweight. Only high job strain increased the risk of delivering an SGA infant (odds ratio [OR] = 1.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1, 2.2). After adjustment, the combination of high job strain and a long workweek resulted in the largest birthweight reduction (150 g) and the highest risk of delivering an SGA infant (OR = 2.0; 95% CI = 1.2, 3.2). Conclusions. High levels of job strain during early pregnancy are associated with reduced birthweight and an increased risk of delivering an SGA infant, particularly if mothers work 32 or more hours per week.
Work Injury Risk Among Young People With Learning Disabilities and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Canada
Authors: Breslin F. Curtis , Pole Jason D. 
Published: June 2009

Objectives. We sought to gain a better understanding of the relationship between learning disabilities, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and risk of occupational injury among young workers. Methods. We assessed 15- to 24-year-old workers (n = 14 379) from cycle 2.1 of the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS). We gathered data on demographic characteristics, work-related factors, and presence of learning disabilities or ADHD. We conducted a multivariate logistic regression analysis to assess occurrences of medically attended work injuries. Results. There was an 89% adjusted increase in work injury risk among workers with self-reported dyslexia (a type of learning disability) relative to workers reporting no learning disabilities, although this result did not meet traditional statistical significance criteria. Being out of school, either with or without a high school diploma, was associated with a significantly increased risk of work injury, even after control for a number of demographic and work-related variables. Conclusions. Our findings underscore the notion that individual differences salient in the education system (e.g., learning disabilities, school dropout) need to be integrated into conceptual models of injury risk among young workers.
Racial Targeting of Sexual Violence in Darfur
Authors: Hagan John , Rymond-Richmond Wenona , Palloni Alberto 
Published: June 2009

Objectives. We used the Atrocities Documentation Survey to determine whether Sudanese government forces were involved in racially targeting sexual victimization toward ethnically African women in the Darfur region of western Sudan.Methods. The US State Department conducted the survey by interviewing a randomized multistage probability sample of 1136 Darfur refugees at 20 sites in Chad in 2004. For a subset of 932 respondents who had fled from village clusters that accounted for 15 or more respondents per cluster, we used hierarchical linear models to analyze village-level patterns of reported sexual violence. We statistically controlled for individual sexual victimization to remove bias.Results. Respondents reported being subjected to racial epithets associated with sexual victimization significantly more often during combined attacks by Sudanese government forces and Janjaweed militia forces than during separate attacks by either force.Conclusions. Combined attacks by Sudanese government forces and Janjaweed militia forces led to racial epithets being used more often during sexual victimization in Darfur. Our results suggest that the Sudanese government is participating in the use of sexual assault as a racially targeted weapon against ethnically African civilians.
Using Sickness Absence Records to Predict Future Depression in a Working Population: Prospective Findings From the GAZEL Cohort
Authors: Melchior Maria , Ferrie Jane E. , Alexanderson Kristina , Goldberg Marcel , Kivimaki Mika , Singh-Manoux Archana , Vahtera Jussi , Westerlund Hugo , Zins Marie , Head Jenny 
Published: June 2009

Objectives. We tested the hypothesis that sickness absence from work predicts workers' risk of later depression. Methods. Study participants (n = 7391) belonged to the French GAZEL cohort of employees of the national gas and electricity company. Sickness absence data (1996–1999) were obtained from company records. Participants' depression in 1996 and 1999 was assessed with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies–Depression (CES-D) scale. The analyses were controlled for baseline age, gender, marital status, occupational grade, tobacco smoking status, alcohol consumption, subthreshold depressive symptoms, and work stress. Results. Among workers who were free of depression in 1996, 13% had depression in 1999. Compared with workers with no sickness absence during the study period, those with sickness absence were more likely to be depressed at follow-up (for 1 period of sickness absence, fully adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.28, 1.82; for 2 or more periods, fully adjusted OR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.61, 2.36). Future depression was predicted both by psychiatric and nonpsychiatric sickness absence (fully adjusted OR = 3.79 [95% CI = 2.81, 5.10] and 1.41 [95% CI = 1.21, 1.65], respectively). Conclusions. Sickness absence records may help identify workers vulnerable to future depression.
SH2B1 Enhances Insulin Sensitivity by Both Stimulating the Insulin Receptor and Inhibiting Tyrosine Dephosphorylation of Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins
Authors: Morris David L. , Cho Kae Won , Zhou Yingjiang , Rui Liangyou 
Published: June 2009

OBJECTIVE
SH2B1 is a SH2 domain-containing adaptor protein expressed in both the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. Neuronal SH2B1 controls body weight; however, the functions of peripheral SH2B1 remain unknown. Here, we studied peripheral SH2B1 regulation of insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We generated TgKO mice expressing SH2B1 in the brain but not peripheral tissues. Various metabolic parameters and insulin signaling were examined in TgKO mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). The effect of SH2B1 on the insulin receptor catalytic activity and insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1/IRS-2 dephosphorylation was examined using in vitro kinase assays and in vitro dephosphorylation assays, respectively. SH2B1 was coexpressed with PTP1B, and insulin receptor–mediated phosphorylation of IRS-1 was examined.

RESULTS
Deletion of peripheral SH2B1 markedly exacerbated HFD-induced hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and glucose intolerance in TgKO mice. Insulin signaling was dramatically impaired in muscle, liver, and adipose tissue in TgKO mice. Deletion of SH2B1 impaired insulin signaling in primary hepatocytes, whereas SH2B1 overexpression stimulated insulin receptor autophosphorylation and tyrosine phosphorylation of IRSs. Purified SH2B1 stimulated insulin receptor catalytic activity in vitro. The SH2 domain of SH2B1 was both required and sufficient to promote insulin receptor activation. Insulin stimulated the binding of SH2B1 to IRS-1 or IRS-2. This physical interaction inhibited tyrosine dephosphorylation of IRS-1 or IRS-2 and increased the ability of IRS proteins to activate the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway.

CONCLUSIONS
SH2B1 is an endogenous insulin sensitizer. It directly binds to insulin receptors, IRS-1 and IRS-2, and enhances insulin sensitivity by promoting insulin receptor catalytic activity and by inhibiting tyrosine dephosphorylation of IRS proteins.
Tissue-Specific Remodeling of the Mitochondrial Proteome in Type 1 Diabetic Akita Mice
Authors: Bugger Heiko , Chen Dong , Riehle Christian , Soto Jamie , Theobald Heather A. , Hu Xiao X. , Ganesan Balasubramanian , Weimer Bart C. , Abel E. Dale 
Published: June 2009

OBJECTIVE
To elucidate the molecular basis for mitochondrial dysfunction, which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes complications.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Mitochondrial matrix and membrane fractions were generated from liver, brain, heart, and kidney of wild-type and type 1 diabetic Akita mice. Comparative proteomics was performed using label-free proteome expression analysis. Mitochondrial state 3 respirations and ATP synthesis were measured, and mitochondrial morphology was evaluated by electron microscopy. Expression of genes that regulate mitochondrial biogenesis, substrate utilization, and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) were determined.

RESULTS
In diabetic mice, fatty acid oxidation (FAO) proteins were less abundant in liver mitochondria, whereas FAO protein content was induced in mitochondria from all other tissues. Kidney mitochondria showed coordinate induction of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes, whereas TCA cycle proteins were repressed in cardiac mitochondria. Levels of OXPHOS subunits were coordinately increased in liver mitochondria, whereas mitochondria of other tissues were unaffected. Mitochondrial respiration, ATP synthesis, and morphology were unaffected in liver and kidney mitochondria. In contrast, state 3 respirations, ATP synthesis, and mitochondrial cristae density were decreased in cardiac mitochondria and were accompanied by coordinate repression of OXPHOS and peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor (PPAR)-γ coactivator (PGC)-1α transcripts.

CONCLUSIONS
Type 1 diabetes causes tissue-specific remodeling of the mitochondrial proteome. Preservation of mitochondrial function in kidney, brain, and liver, versus mitochondrial dysfunction in the heart, supports a central role for mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Short Sleep Duration Is Associated With a Blood Pressure Nondipping Pattern in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Borel Anne-Laure , Benhamou Pierre-Yves , Baguet Jean-Philippe , Debaty Isabelle , Levy Patrick , Pépin Jean-Louis , Mallion Jean-Michel 
Published: June 2009

OBJECTIVE
To assess whether nocturnal blood pressure dipping status in type 1 diabetes is correlated with specific sleep characteristics and differences in nocturnal glycemic profiles.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Twenty type 1 diabetic adult patients underwent sleep studies with simultaneous 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and continuous nocturnal glucose monitoring.

RESULTS
Altogether, 55% of patients exhibited blunted blood pressure dipping. They did not differ from the dipper group in age, BMI, or systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure. Total sleep period (TSP) was higher in the dipper group (497 ± 30 vs. 407 ± 44 min for dippers and nondippers, respectively, P &lt; 0.001). TSP was correlated with SBP and DBP day-night differences (r = 0.44 and 0.49, respectively). Periods of nocturnal hypoglycemia (i.e., % of TSP with glycemia &lt;70 mg/dl) were longer in the dipper group (8.1 ± 10.7 vs. 0.1 ± 0.4% for dippers and nondippers, respectively, P = 0.02).

CONCLUSIONS
Dipping status in type 1 diabetes was associated with longer sleep duration and with hypoglycemia unawareness.
Sustained Effects of Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Treatment in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Larsen Claus M. , Faulenbach Mirjam , Vaag Allan , Ehses Jan A. , Donath Marc Y. , Mandrup-Poulsen Thomas 
Published: June 2009

OBJECTIVE
Interleukin (IL)-1 impairs insulin secretion and induces β-cell apoptosis. Pancreatic β-cell IL-1 expression is increased and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) expression reduced in patients with type 2 diabetes. Treatment with recombinant IL-1Ra improves glycemia and β-cell function and reduces inflammatory markers in patients with type 2 diabetes. Here we investigated the durability of these responses.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Among 70 ambulatory patients who had type 2 diabetes, A1C &gt;7.5%, and BMI &gt;27 kg/m2 and were randomly assigned to receive 13 weeks of anakinra, a recombinant human IL-1Ra, or placebo, 67 completed treatment and were included in this double-blind 39-week follow-up study. Primary outcome was change in β-cell function after anakinra withdrawal. Analysis was done by intention to treat.

RESULTS
Thirty-nine weeks after anakinra withdrawal, the proinsulin-to-insulin (PI/I) ratio but not stimulated C-peptide remained improved (by −0.07 [95% CI −0.14 to −0.02], P = 0.011) compared with values in placebo-treated patients. Interestingly, a subgroup characterized by genetically determined low baseline IL-1Ra serum levels maintained the improved stimulated C-peptide obtained by 13 weeks of IL-1Ra treatment. Reductions in C-reactive protein (−3.2 mg/l [−6.2 to −1.1], P = 0.014) and in IL-6 (−1.4 ng/l [−2.6 to −0.3], P = 0.036) were maintained until the end of study.

CONCLUSIONS
IL-1 blockade with anakinra induces improvement of the PI/I ratio and markers of systemic inflammation lasting 39 weeks after treatment withdrawal.
Impact of a Natural Disaster on Diabetes
Authors: Fonseca Vivian A. , Smith Hayden , Kuhadiya Nitesh , Leger Sharice M. , Yau C. Lillian , Reynolds Kristi , Shi Lizheng , McDuffie Roberta H. , Thethi Tina , John-Kalarickal Jennifer 
Published: June 2009

OBJECTIVE
To examine the impact of Hurricane Katrina on the health of individuals with diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This was an observational study in 1,795 adults with an A1C measurement 6 months before and 6−16 months after Hurricane Katrina in three health care systems: private (Tulane University Hospital and Clinic [TUHC]), state (Medical Center of Louisiana at New Orleans [MCLNO]), and Veterans Affairs (VA). Glycemic control (A1C), blood pressure, and lipids before the hurricane were compared with the patients' first measurement thereafter. The CORE Diabetes Model was used to project life expectancy and health economic impact.

RESULTS
Mean predisaster A1C levels differed between MCLNO and VA patients (mean 7.7 vs. 7.3%, P &lt; 0.001) and increased significantly among MCLNO patients to 8.3% (P &lt; 0.001) but not among VA and TUHC patients. Mean systolic blood pressure increased in all three systems (130–137.6 mmHg for TUHC and 130.7–143.7 for VA, P &lt; 0.001; 132–136 for MCLNO, P = 0.008). Mean LDL cholesterol increased in the VA (97.1–104.3 mg/dl) and TUHC patients (103.4–115.5; P &lt; 0.001). Hurricane Katrina increased modeled direct, indirect, and total health care costs and also reduced life expectancy as well as quality-adjusted life expectancy, with the economic impact being quite substantial because of the large population size affected. We estimate a lifetime cost of USD $504 million for the adult population affected, with the largest economic impact seen among MCLNO patients.

CONCLUSIONS
A major disaster had a significant effect on diabetes management and exacerbated existing disparities. These effects may have a lasting impact on both health and economic implications.
Effects of a Protein Preload on Gastric Emptying, Glycemia, and Gut Hormones After a Carbohydrate Meal in Diet-Controlled Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Ma Jing , Stevens Julie E. , Cukier Kimberly , Maddox Anne F. , Wishart Judith M. , Jones Karen L. , Clifton Peter M. , Horowitz Michael , Rayner Christopher K. 
Published: June 2009

OBJECTIVE
We evaluated whether a whey preload could slow gastric emptying, stimulate incretin hormones, and attenuate postprandial glycemia in type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Eight type 2 diabetic patients ingested 350 ml beef soup 30 min before a potato meal; 55 g whey was added to either the soup (whey preload) or potato (whey in meal) or no whey was given.

RESULTS
Gastric emptying was slowest after the whey preload (P &lt; 0.0005). The incremental area under the blood glucose curve was less after the whey preload and whey in meal than after no whey (P &lt; 0.005). Plasma glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, insulin, and cholecystokinin concentrations were higher on both whey days than after no whey, whereas glucagon-like peptide 1 was greatest after the whey preload (P &lt; 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
Whey protein consumed before a carbohydrate meal can stimulate insulin and incretin hormone secretion and slow gastric emptying, leading to marked reduction in postprandial glycemia in type 2 diabetes.