bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytokine response in pediatric patients with pandemic influenza H1N1 2009 virus infection and pneumonia: Comparison with pediatric pneumonia without H1N1 2009 infection
Authors: Kim Yeo Hyang , Kim Jung‐Eun , Hyun Myung Chul 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectivesWe investigated serum cytokine levels in pediatric patients with pandemic influenza H1N1 2009 virus (H1N1) infection‐pneumonia and in pediatric patients with pneumonia but without H1N1 infection, and examined correlations between cytokine levels and clinical/laboratory findings.MethodsFifty‐seven cases of infection by H1N1 were confirmed by RT‐PCR and enrolled. Of these 57 cases, 26 had a severe H1N1 infection (group 1), and 31 had a mild H1N1 infection (group 2). Sera from 18 cases with pneumonia without H1N1 infection (group 3) were used as controls. The serum levels of 10 cytokines were determined by multiplex assay.ResultsThe serum levels of IFN‐α, IL‐6, and IP‐10 were significantly higher in H1N1 infected cases than in group 3, and levels of IL‐6 and IP‐10 were significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2. The level of IL‐10 was significantly higher in groups 1 and 3 than in group 2. However, levels of IFN‐γ and IL‐17 were not significantly different between the three groups. IL‐1β, IL‐4, and MIP‐1α were not detectable in most patients. IP‐10 and IL‐6 levels were found to show negative correlations with lymphocyte count and oxygen saturation.ConclusionsWe found higher levels of cytokines (IFN‐α, IL‐6, IP‐10) of innate immunity than those of acquired immunity in pediatric H1N1 infection. Of the cytokines found to be increased in cases with H1N1 infection, IP‐10 and IL‐6 were found to be correlated with disease severity (lymphopenia and hypoxia). IP‐10 and IL‐6 may be important markers in pediatric H1N1 infection. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2011; 46: 1233–1239. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation of toxicity and genotoxic effects of spinosad and deltamethrin in Drosophila melanogaster and Bactrocera oleae
Authors: Akmoutsou Paraskevi , Mademtzoglou Despoina , Nakou Ifigeneia , Onoufriadis Alexandros , Papadopoulou Xrisa , Kounatidis Ilias , Frantzios Gerasimos , Papadakis Georgios , Vasiliadis Kostas , Papadopoulos Nikos Thomas , Mavragani‐Tsipidou Penelope 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: The insecticides spinosad and deltamethrin are being increasingly used in pest management programmes. In order to assess further their toxic effects to target and non‐target insect species, an evaluation was made of their insecticidal profile on Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) and Drosophila melanogaster (Meig.). Moreover, possible genotoxic effects of the two pesticides were investigated using the somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) in D. melanogaster.RESULTS: Both insecticides were highly effective against B. oleae, exhibiting similar LC50 values. Moreover, they were found to be more effective against Bactrocera than against Drosophila adults. However, spinosad was significantly more toxic than deltamethrin to D. melanogaster. The results showed a lack of genotoxic activity of both insecticides under the in vivo experimental procedure employed, at least at applied doses.CONCLUSION: The present study provides information for lethal and sublethal effects of spinosad and deltamethrin against a target and a non‐target species. Both insecticides can exert high toxicity to B. oleae when adults are exposed even to very low doses for long periods of time. The results contribute to the database on the genotoxic potential of spinosad and deltamethrin, suggesting a safety profile for both insecticides. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of oblique‐angle sputtered transparent conducting oxides on performance of Si‐based thin film solar cells
Authors: Leem Jung Woo , Yu Jae Su 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe transparent conducting oxide (TCO) films with low‐refractive‐index (low‐n) are fabricated by the oblique‐angle sputtering method. By using the experimentally measured physical data of the fabricated low‐n TCO films as the simulation parameters, the effect of low‐n TCOs on the performance of a‐Si:H/µc‐Si:H tandem thin film solar cells is investigated using Silvaco ATLAS. The Al‐doped zinc oxide, indium tin oxide (ITO), and Sb‐doped tin oxide films are deposited at the flux incidence angles of θi = 0° (normal sputtering) and θi = 80° from the sputtering target during the sputtering process. The oblique‐angle sputtered films at θi = 80° show the inclined columnar nanostructures compared to those at θi = 0°, modifying the optical properties of the films. This is caused mainly by the increase of porosity within the film which leads to its low‐n characteristics. The a‐Si:H/µc‐Si:H tandem thin film solar cell incorporated with the low‐n ITO film exhibits an improvement in the conversion efficiency of ∼1% under AM1.5g illumination because of its higher transmittance and lower absorption compared to that with the ITO film at θi = 0°, indicating a conversion efficiency of 13.75%.
Magnetic and electrical properties of ferromagnetic nanocomposites based on Co nanoparticles in Al2O3 matrix
Authors: Radchenko M. V. , Lashkarev G. V. , Bugaiova M. E. , Sichkovskyi V. I. , Lazorenko V. I. , Stelmakh Y. A. , Krushynskaya L. A. , Knoff W. , Story T. , Kolesnik S. P. , Danylenko N. I. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractMagnetic, structural, and electrical properties are reported for ferromagnetic nanocomposites (FMNC) consisting of nanometer size Co ferromagnetic nanoparticles (NP) embedded in Al2O3 dielectric matrix. Cox(Al2O3)100−x FMNC with x = 7.8, 28.2, and 42.2 at.% were obtained in the form of (1–5) µm thick films by modified electron beam physical vapor deposition of Al2O3 and Co vapors condensing on policor substrate at temperatures 100–400 °C. Magnetic properties of these FMNC studied by SQUID magnetometry and ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) methods revealed paramagnetic properties for layers with x = 7.8 at.%, superparamagnetic behavior for x = 28.2 at.%, and ferromagnetic state for the highest Co concentration studied x = 42.2 at.%. Temperature dependence of electrical conductivity in FMNC with low Co content was found to follow the Mott law for variable range hopping mechanism. Magnetic field dependence of resistivity revealed a negative magnetoresistance effect. These results confirm the effectiveness of the applied technology for the preparation of Cox(Al2O3)100−x FMNC.
The Peierls stress in a simple cubic lattice
Authors: Schoeck Gunther 
Published: May 2011

AbstractDislocations aligned along close‐packed directions in a crystal lattice experience when moving periodic variations of their energy with the period of the lattice cell. This can be described in the framework of the Peierls model when the generalized stacking‐fault energy in the glide plane – the γ‐surface – has been derived. The maximum energy variation is called the Peierls energy EP. As consequence of these energy variations there exists also a finite stress – the Peierls stress σP – necessary to displace a straight dislocations over the distance of a lattice cell without the aid of thermal fluctuations. It is commonly assumed that these energy variations result from changes in the atomic misfit energy EA in the glide plane and as consequence σP is defined by the maximum gradient of EA. This assumption is inconsistent, however. When the dislocation moves in isothermal thermodynamic equilibrium the width w of the dislocation changes during displacement. An increase in misfit energy EA by an increase in width w is overcompensated by a corresponding decrease in elastic energy Eel. As result the variation in total energy – the Peierls energy – will be smaller as compared to the situation where no structural relaxation occurs during the movement.
Investigation on transition States of [Alanine + M2+] (M = Ca, Cu, and Zn) complexes: A quantum chemical study
Authors: Vyas Nidhi , Ojha Animesh K. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe ground state geometries of [Alanine (Ala) + M2+] [M = Ca, Cu, and Zn) complexes were calculated in gas phase at B3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p) level of theory. Transition states (TSs) between different stable conformers of [Ala + M2+] complexes were also calculated. Among the different [Ala + M2+] complexes, the complex where metal cations coordinated to carboxylate group (COO−) is found to be energetically most favorable. To calculate TSs, the ground state structures of any two conformers of [Ala + M2+] complexes were used. The ground state energies of two stable conformers and their TS structures were used to calculate the activation energy. The reactivity of different conformers of [Ala + M2+] complexes have been discussed in terms of energy difference between their highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2012
Quantum theoretical study of mechanism of the reaction between guanine radical cation and carbonate radical anion: Formation of 8‐oxoguanine
Authors: Yadav Amarjeet , Mishra P. C. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe reaction between guanine radical cation (G+·) and carbonate radical anion (CO3−·) producing the mutagenic product 8‐oxoguanine that has been observed experimentally was investigated using density functional and second‐order Møller–Plesset perturbation (MP2) theories. The structures of reactant, intermediate, and product complexes as well as those of the transition states were fully optimized at the B3LYP/6‐31G**, B3LYP/AUG‐cc‐pVDZ, and BHandHLYP/AUG‐cc‐pVDZ levels of density functional theory in gas phase. Single point energy calculations were performed at the MP2/AUG‐cc‐pVDZ level using the BHandHLYP/AUG‐cc‐pVDZ level gas‐phase optimized geometries. To obtain the equivalent solvent that would approximately represent the complex medium used in the experimental study, bulk solvent effect on the stability of the reactant complex was studied by single point energy calculations in various solvent media (toluene, chlorobenzene, dichloroethane, acetone dimethylsulfoxide, and water) using the polarizable continuum model. Thus, chlorobenzene was found to represent the experimental medium fairly closely. The calculated Gibbs free barrier and released energies show that the reaction under consideration would occur efficiently. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Rethinking herpes simplex virus: the way to oncolytic agents
Authors: Campadelli‐Fiume Gabriella , De Giovanni Carla , Gatta Valentina , Nanni Patrizia , Lollini Pier‐Luigi , Menotti Laura 
Published: May 2011

SUMMARYOncolytic viruses infect, replicate in and kill cancer cells. HSV has emerged as a most promising candidate because it exerts a generally moderate pathogenicity in humans; it is amenable to attenuation and tropism retargeting; the ample genome provides space for heterologous genes; specific antiviral therapy is available in a worst case scenario. The first strategy to convert HSV into an oncolytic agent consisted in deletion of the γ134.5 gene which counteracts the protein kinase R (PKR) response, and of the UL39 gene which encodes the large ribonucleotide reductase subunit. Tumor specificity resided in low PKR activity, and high deoxyribonucleotides content of cancer cells. These highly attenuated viruses have been and presently are in clinical trials with encouraging results. The preferred route of administration has been intratumor or in tissues adjacent to resected tumors. Although the general population has a high seroprevalence of antibodies to HSV, studies in animals and humans demonstrate that prior immunity is not an obstacle to systemic routes of administration, and that oncolytic HSV (o‐HSVs) do populate tumors. As the attenuated viruses undergo clinical experimentation, the research pipeline is developing novel, more potent and highly tumor‐specific o‐HSVs. These include viruses which overcome tumor heterogeneity in PKR level by insertion of anti‐PKR genes, viruses which reinforce the host tumor clearance capacity by encoding immune cytokines (IL‐12 or granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor), and non‐attenuated viruses fully retargeted to tumor specific receptors. A strategy to generate o‐HSVs fully retargeted to human epidermal growth factor receptor‐2 (HER‐2) or other cancer‐specific surface receptors is detailed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Towards an architecture for deploying elastic services in the cloud
Authors: Kirschnick Johannes , Alcaraz Calero Jose M. , Goldsack Patrick , Farrell Andrew , Guijarro Julio , Loughran Steve , Edwards Nigel , Wilcock Lawrence 
Published: May 2011

SUMMARYCloud computing infrastructure services enable the flexible creation of virtual infrastructures on‐demand. However, the creation of infrastructures is only a part of the process for provisioning services. Other steps such as installation, deployment, configuration, monitoring and management of software components are needed to fully provide services to end‐users in the cloud. This paper describes a peer‐to‐peer architecture to automatically deploy services on cloud infrastructures. The architecture uses a component repository to manage the deployment of these software components, enabling elasticity by using the underlying cloud infrastructure provider. The life cycle of these components is described in this paper, as well as the language for defining them. We also describe the open‐source proof‐of‐concept implementation. Some technical information about this implementation together with some statistical results are also provided. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Replay debugging of non‐deterministic executions in the Kernel‐based Virtual Machine
Authors: Kiefer Kurt E. , Moser Louise E. 
Published: May 2011

SUMMARYLogging and replay provide numerous benefits for debugging today's increasingly distributed and parallel applications, as well as for debugging within cloud computing environments. Tracking down faults, particularly in applications that involve non‐deterministic executions, becomes much easier if such a technique is used. This article presents a system that leverages the functionality of modern x86 hardware extensions present in Intel and AMD processors to implement logging and replay of the Kernel‐based Virtual Machine (KVM). With our KVM‐based logging and replay system, virtual machines can be logged at will. The system can record the behavior of the operating system, the applications, the network traffic, and the user input. At a later time, and even on another machine, the problematic execution can be replayed and analyzed. The implementation incurs a minimal amount of processing and memory overhead, and thus, its effects are largely imperceptible to users of the system. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation of Diversified Ultra‐Fine Microstructures in Q345 Steel with Improved Properties
Authors: Yao Shengjie , Du Linxiu , Wang Guodong 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA typical C‐Mn steel (Q345) with warm‐rolled ferrite/pearlite was used for subsequent simple process resulting in ultrafine ferrite grains in size of ∼1µm. No remarkable strain hardening was detected and grain boundary motion was also recognized as an important accompanying deformation mechanisms at the beginning of yielding. However, strain‐hardening capability of this C‐Mn steel could be improved by changing the ultrafine ferrite/pearlite into acicular ferrite with increment of strength.
Organic superconductors
Authors: Saito Gunzi , Yoshida Yukihiro 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe present status of organic superconductors of charge‐transfer (CT) type based on donor molecules is reviewed. Along with the superconducting phases of such materials and also of oxide superconductors, reside spin‐ordered phases such as spin‐density wave (SDW) and antiferromagnetic (AF) phases. We briefly describe the recent development of superconductors having a superconducting phase next to a spin‐disorder state (quantum spin liquid state). In addition to the CT type superconductors, there are a few single‐component superconductors under high pressure. DOI 10.1002/tcr.201000039
Using nacelle‐based wind speed observations to improve power curve modeling for wind power forecasting
Authors: Cutler Nicholas J. , Outhred Hugh R. , MacGill Iain F. 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTWind power forecasting for projection times of 0–48 h can have a particular value in facilitating the integration of wind power into power systems. Accurate observations of the wind speed received by wind turbines are important inputs for some of the most useful methods for making such forecasts. In particular, they are used to derive power curves relating wind speeds to wind power production. By using power curve modeling, this paper compares two types of wind speed observations typically available at wind farms: the wind speed and wind direction measurements at the nacelles of the wind turbines and those at one or more on‐site meteorological masts (met masts). For the three Australian wind farms studied in this project, the results favor the nacelle‐based observations despite the inherent interference from the nacelle and the blades and despite calibration corrections to the met mast observations. This trend was found to be stronger for wind farm sites with more complex terrain. In addition, a numerical weather prediction (NWP) system was used to show that, for the wind farms studied, smaller single time‐series forecast errors can be achieved with the average wind speed from the nacelle‐based observations. This suggests that the nacelle‐average observations are more representative of the wind behavior predicted by an NWP system than the met mast observations. Also, when using an NWP system to predict wind farm power production, it suggests the use of a wind farm power curve based on nacelle‐average observations instead of met mast observations. Further, it suggests that historical and real‐time nacelle‐average observations should be calculated for large wind farms and used in wind power forecasting. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Triacylglycerols and Phospholipids Composition of Caper Seeds (Capparis spinosa)
Authors: Tlili Nizar , Trabelsi Hajer , Renaud Justin , Khaldi Abdelhamid , Mayer Paul M. , Triki Saîda 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe goal of this study is to evaluate for the first time the composition of triacylglycerols (TAG) using ESI‐TOF‐MS and phospholipids species using HPLC–ESI‐TOF‐MS of two Capparis spinosa seed oil populations. Results show that LOO, LOP, LLO, OOO, PLL and POO were the major molecular species of triacylglycerol detected in caper seeds; where L represents linoleic acid; O, oleic acid; and P, palmitic acid. The TAG composition was significantly different among the two C. spinosa populations. In Ghar el Melh population, LOO (15.7%) was detected as the dominant TAG molecular species, followed by LOP (13.2%), LLO (12.0%) and OOO (11.4%); while, the dominant fraction was LLO (14.2%) followed by LOO (14.1%), LOP (11.5%) and PLL (10.5%) in Chouigui samples. The major component in the phospholipids fraction was phosphatidylinositol (ca. 54–91%), followed by phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidic acid. A variety of molecular species within each class were identified. The major component in all phospholipids species contains a C‐18:1 lipid chain. C16:0/C18:2‐PI (ca. 28–31%) was the most abundant PI. PG species were mainly C18:2/C18:1‐PG (25–32%). The major PE was C18:1/C18:1‐PE (44–75%). The major PA species was C18:1/C18:1‐PA (22–24%).
Assessment and management of the orthopedic and other complications of Proteus syndrome
Authors: Tosi Laura L. , Sapp Julie C. , Allen Elizabeth S. , O'Keefe Regis J. , Biesecker Leslie G. 
Published: May 2011

Purpose A multidisciplinary workshop was convened at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to discuss the management of the orthopedic and other complications of Proteus syndrome (PS), a progressive, disproportionate overgrowth disorder. While PS poses many complex challenges, the focus of the workshop was the management of the asymmetric and disorganized skeletal overgrowth that characterizes this multisystem disorder. Methods Workshop participants developed recommendations for clinical research and patient management and surveillance to maximize the benefits and reduce the risks of surgical and other interventions. Results Recommendations for clinical care and management included assessments of skeletal overgrowth and its progression with modalities such as X-ray, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and computerized tomography (CT) imaging. The recommendations also cover the assessment of non-orthopedic complications of PS that significantly impact surgical risk, such as pulmonary embolism and lung bullae. Surgical considerations in PS include assessment of the contribution of contractures to deformities and prophylactic soft-tissue release, aggressive and early use of epiphysiodesis and epiphysiostasis, amputation, and spinal bracing. Conclusion Decisions on the timing of orthopedic procedures in children with PS are challenging because they entail balancing the risks of intervention in this high-risk and complex population against the increasing morbidity that patients experience with progressive bony overgrowth. If surgery is delayed too long, the condition may become inoperable. We hope that these recommendations will help clinicians gather appropriate data and assist their patients in making timely treatment decisions.
Long‐lasting effects of perinatal asphyxia on exploration, memory and incentive downshift
Authors: Galeano Pablo , Calvo Eduardo Blanco , de Oliveira Diêgo Madureira , Cuenya Lucas , Kamenetzky Giselle Vanesa , Mustaca Alba Elisabeth , Barreto George Emilio , Giraldez‐Alvarez Lisandro Diego , Milei José , Capani Francisco 
Published: May 2011

AbstractPerinatal asphyxia remains as one of the most important causes of death and disability in children, without an effective treatment. Moreover, little is known about the long‐lasting behavioral consequences of asphyxia at birth. Therefore, the main aim of the present study was to investigate the motor, emotional and cognitive functions of adult asphyctic rats. Experimental subjects consisted of rats born vaginally (CTL), by cesarean section (C+), or by cesarean section following 19 min of asphyxia (PA). At three months of age, animals were examined in a behavioral test battery including elevated plus maze, open field, Morris water maze, and an incentive downshift procedure. Results indicated that groups did not differ in anxiety‐related behaviors, although a large variability was observed in the asphyctic group and therefore, the results are not completely conclusive. In addition, PA and C+ rats showed a deficit in exploration of new environments, but to a much lesser extent in the latter group. Spatial reference and working memory impairments were also found in PA rats. Finally, when animals were downshifted from a 32% to a 4% sucrose solution, an attenuated suppression of consummatory behavior was observed in PA rats. These results confirmed and extended those reported previously about the behavioral alterations associated with acute asphyxia around birth.