bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Millimetre observations of a sub-arcsecond jet from Circinus X-1
Authors: Calvelo D. E. , Fender R. P. , Tzioumis A. K. , Broderick J. W. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
We present results from the first successful millimetre (combined 33 and 35 GHz) observations of the neutron star X-ray binary Circinus X-1, using the Australia Telescope Compact Array. The source was clearly detected in all three observing epochs. We see strong evidence for a periastron flare beginning at MJD 55519.9 ± 0.04 with estimated peak flux densities of up to 50 mJy and which proceeds to decline over the following 4 d. We directly resolve jet structures on sub-arcsecond scales. Flux density variability and distance from the core of nearby components suggest recent shock re-energization, though we are unable to directly connect this with the observed flare. We suggest that, if the emission is powered by an unseen outflow, then a phase delay exists between flare onset and subsequent brightening of nearby components, with flows reaching mildly relativistic velocities. Given resolved structure positions, in comparison to past observations of Cir X-1, we find evidence that jet direction may vary with distance from the core, or the source's precession parameters have changed.
Comparison of nutrition knowledge among health professionals, patients with eating disorders and the general population
Authors: HO Albert See Long , SOH Nerissa L. , WALTER Garry , TOUYZ Stephen 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAim:  To investigate and compare the level of nutrition knowledge of health professionals, patients with eating disorders and individuals without an eating disorder as controls.Methods:  Participants were recruited online through an Australian and New Zealand professional eating disorder organisation and community eating disorder organisations and a university in Australia. Assessment was conducted online using the General Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire and SCOFF. Demographic data were also collected.Results:  Dietitians had greater nutrition knowledge than all other health professionals, except medical doctors. Psychologists and dietitians had similar knowledge for choosing everyday foods. Dietitians had greater nutrition knowledge than eating disorder patients and controls in all areas of nutrition knowledge, while other health professionals had similar knowledge to patients. Patients with eating disorders had greater knowledge of sources of nutrients than controls.Conclusions:  Australian health professionals exhibited higher levels of nutrition knowledge than health professionals in previous studies in other countries. However, non‐dietitian health professionals had similar levels of knowledge to individuals with eating disorders. Training and continuing education in nutrition is needed so health professionals can confidently identify when a patient has misleading information about nutrition and either correct the misinformation or refer the patient on to a qualified dietitian.
Perceptions of fruit and vegetable dietary guidelines among Australian young adults
Authors: KOTHE Emily J. , MULLAN Barbara A. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAim:  Regular consumption of fruit and vegetables has been associated with a decreased risk of a number of chronic diseases. An appropriate level of knowledge is important to successfully adhere to the dietary guidelines for eating fruit and vegetables. However, there is little research about the level of knowledge that young adults have about fruit and vegetable consumption. The current study aimed to investigate the recall and understanding of Australian dietary guidelines, food product and serving size knowledge in a population of young adults.Methods:  One hundred and six undergraduate students completed online questionnaires regarding (1) knowledge of dietary recommendations; (2) knowledge of serving size information; and (3) foods that could be included as part of fruit and vegetable intake.Results:  The results showed that the sample had significant knowledge gaps in all three areas. Approximately half (54%) of participants correctly reported the recommended daily intake of fruit and vegetables, the majority were not able to correctly report serving sizes (correct responses were 30–61%) and were not able to identify all ingredients from a recipe that counted towards fruit and vegetable intake.Conclusions:  Past interventions have not tended to focus on the fruit and vegetable knowledge, or behaviours, of Australian young adults. On the basis of findings from this study, it appears that more work is needed to develop messages to effectively target this important group.
Mixed methods research approach to the development and review of competency standards for dietitians
Authors: ASH Susan , DOWDING Kerryn , PHILLIPS Susan 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAim:  Competency standards support a range of professional activities, including the accreditation of university courses educating health professionals. Reviewing these standards is essential to ensure universities continue to produce well‐equipped graduates, who are able to meet the challenge of changing workforce requirements. This paper has two aims: (a) to provide an overview of the methodological approaches used for compilation and review of the Competency Standards for Dietitians and (b) to evaluate the Dietitians Association of Australia's Competency Standards and capture emerging and contemporary dietetic practice.Methods:  A literature review of the methods used to develop competency standards for dietitians in Australia, including entry‐level, Advanced level and Dieticians Association of Australia Fellow competencies and other specific areas of competency, such as public health nutrition and nutrition education, is outlined and compared with other allied health professions. The mixed methods methodology used in the most recent review is described in more detail.Results:  The history of Dietetic Competency Standards development and review in Australia is compared with Dietetic Competency Standards internationally and within other health professions in Australia. The political context in which these standards have been developed in Australia and which has determined their format is also discussed. The results of the most recent competency standards review are reported to highlight emerging practice in Australia.Conclusion:  The mixed methods approach used in this review provides rich data about contemporary dietetic practice. Our view supports a planned review of all competency standards to ensure practice informs education and credentialing, and we recommend the Dietitians Association of Australia consider this in the future.
Summer and winter prevalence of vitamin D deficiency of young resident doctors in North India
Authors: SINGH Surya Kumar , PRAKASH Ved , TIWARI Shalbha , DALIPARTHY Devi Pratyush , SINGH Saurabh , JAIN Pankaj 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAim:  Vitamin D deficiency is common both in children and adults all over the world. Long indoor working hours may contribute to deficiency in adult populations particularly in those not receiving vitamin D supplementation in any form. The study aimed to evaluate vitamin D status of young resident doctors working in a university hospital in North India.Methods:  Serum 25(OH)D, calcium and alkaline phosphatase were measured in a cross‐sectional sample of young resident doctors living in Varanasi, India (latitude 25 degrees North). A total of 80 resident doctors were recruited to participate in the present study with 40 participants enrolled at the end of summer in September 2005, and the remainders were enrolled at the end of winter in March 2006.Results:  There was a significant decrease (P < 0.001) in mean 25(OH) vitamin D concentration of the study groups from summer (29 (±21.7) nmol/L) to winter (16.5 (±11.0) nmol/L). In summer, 33 residents had 25 (OH) vitamin D < 50 nmol/L, five had between 50 and 75 nmol/L and only two had >75 nmol/L, but in winter the corresponding numbers were 38, two and none had a concentration >75 nmol/L. No difference in serum calcium and phosphorus was observed; however, alkaline phosphatase was significantly higher in participants sampled in the winter (P < 0.001).Conclusions:  Hypovitaminosis D was common among apparently normal young resident doctors engaged in indoor work in both seasons. This may have negative short‐ and long‐term health implications. Provision of vitamin D supplementation (oral cholecalciferol) to young resident doctors and other indoor professionals should be considered.
Effects of training at mild exercise intensities on quadriceps muscle energy metabolism in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Guzun R. , Aguilaniu B. , Wuyam B. , Mezin P. , Koechlin‐Ramonatxo C. , Auffray C. , Saks V. , Pison C. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAim:  To study the effects of physical training at mild intensities on skeletal muscle energy metabolism in eight patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and eight paired healthy sedentary subjects.Methods:  Energy metabolism of patients and controls vastus lateralis muscle was studied before and after 3 months of cycling training at mild exercises intensities.Results:  The total amount of work accomplished was about 4059 ± 336 kJ in patients with COPD and 7531 ± 1693 kJ in control subjects. This work corresponds to a mechanical power set at 65.2 ± 7.5% of the maximum power for patients with COPD and 52 ± 3.3% of the maximum power in control group. Despite this low level of exercise intensities, we observed an improvement in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation through the creatine kinase system revealed by the increased apparent Km for ADP (from 105.5 ± 16.1 to 176.9 ± 26.5 μm, P < 0.05 in the COPD group and from 126.9 ± 16.8 to 177.7 ± 17.0, P > 0.05 in the control group). Meanwhile, maximal mechanical and metabolic power increased significantly from 83.1 ± 7.1 to 91.3 ± 7.4 Watts (P < 0.05) and from 16 ± 0.8 to 18.7 ± 0.98 mL O2 kg−1 min−1 (P < 0.05) only in the COPD group.Conclusion:  This study shows that physical training at mild intensity is able to induce comparable changes in skeletal muscles oxidative energy metabolism in patients with COPD and sedentary healthy subjects, but different changes of maximal mechanical and metabolic power.
Governance and regulation of urban bus transportation: Using partial privatization to achieve the better of two worlds
Authors: Albalate Daniel , Bel Germà , Calzada Joan 
Published: November 2011

AbstractMixed delivery of public services is gaining increasing attention as a way for public managers to avoid deciding between a purely public and purely private delivery system. The unusual coexistence of public and private operators in the urban bus market in Barcelona provides an interesting context in which to analyze the challenges and opportunities posed by this system. Competition for concessions among private operators and the regulation of concessionaires generate incentives to improve efficiency and quality. Furthermore, partial privatization increases the efficiency and feasibility of public operators. In fact, competitive bidding is effective in disciplining private operators and increasing the regulators' bargaining power over both public and private firms. The reform implemented in Barcelona offers an interesting insight into all metropolitan areas that are in a position to create a number of separate concessions large enough to benefit from economies of density.
Cellular delivery of PEGylated PLGA nanoparticles
Authors: Pamujula Sarala , Hazari Sidhartha , Bolden Gevoni , Graves Richard A , Chinta Dakshinamurthy Devanga , Dash Srikanta , Kishore Vimal , Mandal Tarun K 
Published: November 2011

Abstract

Objectives
The objective of this study was to investigate the efficiency of uptake of PEGylated polylactide-co-gycolide (PLGA) nanoparticles by breast cancer cells.

Methods
Nanoparticles of PLGA containing various amounts of polyethylene glycol (PEG, 5%–15%) were prepared using a double emulsion solvent evaporation method. The nanoparticles were loaded with coumarin-6 (C6) as a fluorescence marker. The particles were characterized for surface morphology, particle size, zeta potential, and for cellular uptake by 4T1 murine breast cancer cells.

Key findings
Irrespective of the amount of PEG, all formulations yielded smooth spherical particles. However, a comparison of the particle size of various formulations showed bimodal distribution of particles. Each formulation was later passed through a 1.2 µm filter to obtain target size particles (114–335 nm) with zeta potentials ranging from −2.8 mV to −26.2 mV. While PLGA-PEG di-block (15% PEG) formulation showed significantly higher 4T1 cellular uptake than all other formulations, there was no statistical difference in cellular uptake among PLGA, PLGA-PEG-PLGA tri-block (10% PEG), PLGA-PEG di-block (5% PEG) and PLGA-PEG di-block (10% PEG) nanoparticles.

Conclusion
These preliminary findings indicated that the nanoparticle formulation prepared with 15% PEGylated PLGA showed maximum cellular uptake due to it having the smallest particle size and lowest zeta potential.
‘You caught ’em!’…or not? Feedback affects investigators’ recollections of speech cues thought to signal honesty and deception
Authors: Boydell Carroll Anne , Barone Carmelina C. , Read J. Don 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. When eyewitnesses to crime receive feedback about their choice of a suspect from a line‐up (or post‐identification feedback), such information can substantially alter their recollections of the witnessing experience. This study examined whether feedback exerts similar effects on investigators’ recollections of a suspect's behaviours.Methods. Participant‐investigators received training on speech cues that they were told, when present in a speaker's account, signal either honesty or deception. After hearing a suspect's account of a theft, participants decided whether the suspect was lying or telling the truth. One‐third of participants subsequently received immediate confirming feedback about their performance, while another third received disconfirming feedback. The remaining one‐third of participants did not receive feedback about their decision. Finally, participants rated the frequencies of speech cues that they had been instructed to detect in the suspect's account.Results. Disconfirming feedback significantly altered retrospective judgments about the characteristics of the suspect's account. Specifically, when told that the decision they made about the speaker's credibility was incorrect, participants judged the speaker as having exhibited fewer behaviours consistent with the credibility decision they had made, relative to those who either received no feedback or confirming feedback.Conclusions. Biases in recollections of a suspect may have consequences in real‐world interrogations wherein investigators assess credibility on the basis of numerous behavioural cues. Results are discussed in light of findings of post‐identification feedback studies on eyewitnesses.
Patriotism in Schools
Authors: Hand Michael 
Published: November 2011

In the face of rising concerns about citizenship, national identity, diversity and belonging in Britain today, politicians from all sides of the political spectrum have looked to schools to inspire and invigorate a strong, modern sense of patriotism and common purpose, which is capable of binding people together and motivating citizens to fulfil their obligations to each other and to the state.In this timely and astute analysis, Michael Hand unpacks the claims made on both sides of the debate to assess whether love of country is a defensible aim of education. Remarking on the curious failure of engagement between defenders and opponents of patriotic education, he looks beyond the usual arguments for and against, to offer original insight into whether teaching patriotic attachment can be defended on rational grounds. Rather than looking merely to the practical difficulties of cultivating common bonds without misrepresenting or distorting the country's history, Hand's tightly argued conclusion is that reasonable disagreement about the desirability of loving one's country rules out the explicit teaching of Patriotism in schools, and therefore, it should not be actively promoted but rather taught as a controversial issue in the classroom.Breaking new ground in the intellectual debates around teaching citizenship and promoting common patriotic purpose, Patriotism in Schools is an illuminating treatment of a pressing contemporary issue, which will animate and provoke debate amongst parents, teachers, students, academics, politicians and policy‐makers alike.
pH-Dependent Uptake of Fumaric Acid in Saccharomyces cerevisiae under Anaerobic Conditions
Authors: Jamalzadeh Elaheh , Verheijen Peter J. T. , Heijnen Joseph J. , van Gulik Walter M. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

Microbial production of C
4
dicarboxylic acids from renewable resources has gained renewed interest. The yeast
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
is known as a robust microorganism and is able to grow at low pH, which makes it a suitable candidate for biological production of organic acids. However, a successful metabolic engineering approach for overproduction of organic acids requires an incorporation of a proper exporter to increase the productivity. Moreover, low-pH fermentations, which are desirable for facilitating the downstream processing, may cause back diffusion of the undissociated acid into the cells with simultaneous active export, thereby creating an ATP-dissipating futile cycle. In this work, we have studied the uptake of fumaric acid in
S. cerevisiae
in carbon-limited chemostat cultures under anaerobic conditions. The effect of the presence of fumaric acid at different pH values (3 to 5) has been investigated in order to obtain more knowledge about possible uptake mechanisms. The experimental results showed that at a cultivation pH of 5.0 and an external fumaric acid concentration of approximately 0.8 mmol · liter
−1
, the fumaric acid uptake rate was unexpectedly high and could not be explained by diffusion of the undissociated form across the plasma membrane alone. This could indicate the presence of protein-mediated import. At decreasing pH levels, the fumaric acid uptake rate was found to increase asymptotically to a maximum level. Although this observation is in accordance with protein-mediated import, the presence of a metabolic bottleneck for fumaric acid conversion under anaerobic conditions could not be excluded.
Functional Characterization of the Quorum Sensing Regulator RsaL in the Plant-Beneficial Strain Pseudomonas putida WCS358
Authors: Rampioni Giordano , Bertani Iris , Pillai Cejoice Ramachandran , Venturi Vittorio , Zennaro Elisabetta , Leoni Livia 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

In many bacteria, quorum sensing (QS) systems rely on a signal receptor and a synthase producing
N
-acyl-homoserine lactone(s) as the signal molecule(s). In some species, the
rsaL
gene, located between the signal receptor and synthase genes, encodes a repressor limiting signal synthase expression and hence signal molecule production. Here we investigate the molecular mechanism of action of the RsaL protein in the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium
Pseudomonas putida
WCS358 (RsaL
WCS
). In
P. putida
WCS358, RsaL
WCS
displayed a strong repressive effect on the promoter of the QS signal synthase gene,
ppuI
, while it did not repress the same promoter in
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
. DNase I protection assays showed that purified RsaL
WCS
specifically binds to
ppuI
on a DNA region overlapping the predicted σ
70
-binding site, but such protection was observed only at high protein concentrations. Accordingly, electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that the RsaL
WCS
protein was not able to form stable complexes efficiently with a probe encompassing the
ppuI
promoter, while it formed stable complexes with the promoter of
lasI
, the gene orthologous to
ppuI
in
P. aeruginosa
. This difference seems to be dictated by the lower dyad symmetry of the RsaL
WCS
-binding sequence on the
ppuI
promoter relative to that on the
lasI
promoter. Comparison of the results obtained
in vivo
and
in vitro
suggests that RsaL
WCS
needs a molecular interactor/cofactor specific for
P. putida
WCS358 to repress
ppuI
transcription. We also demonstrate that RsaL
WCS
regulates siderophore-mediated growth limitation of plant pathogens and biofilm formation, two processes relevant for plant growth-promoting activity.
Refining the Roots of the Beewolf-Streptomyces Symbiosis: Antennal Symbionts in the Rare Genus Philanthinus (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae)
Authors: Kaltenpoth Martin , Yildirim Erol , Gürbüz M. Faruk , Herzner Gudrun , Strohm Erhard 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

Insects engage in symbiotic associations with a large diversity of beneficial microorganisms. While the majority of well-studied symbioses have a nutritional basis, several cases are known in which bacteria protect their host from pathogen infestation. Solitary wasps of the genera
Philanthus
and
Trachypus
(beewolves; Hymenoptera, Crabronidae) cultivate the actinomycete “
Candidatus
Streptomyces philanthi” in specialized antennal gland reservoirs. The symbionts are transferred to the larval cocoon, where they provide protection against pathogenic fungi by producing at least nine different antibiotics. Here we investigated the closest relatives of
Philanthus
and
Trachypus
, the rare genus
Philanthinus
, for the presence of antennal gland reservoirs and symbiotic streptomycetes. Molecular analyses identified “
Ca
. Streptomyces philanthi” in reservoirs of
Philanthinus quattuordecimpunctatus
. Phylogenies based on the 16S rRNA gene suggest that
P. quattuordecimpunctatus
may have acquired “
Ca
. Streptomyces philanthi” by horizontal transfer from other beewolf species. In histological sections and three-dimensional reconstructions, the antennal gland reservoirs were found to occupy six antennal segments (as opposed to only five in
Philanthus
and
Trachypus
) and to be structurally less complex than those of the evolutionarily more derived genera of beewolves. The presence of “
Ca
. Streptomyces philanthi” in antennal glands of
Philanthinus
indicates that the symbiosis between beewolves and
Streptomyces
bacteria is much older than previously thought. It probably evolved along the branch leading to the monophyletic tribe Philanthini, as it seems to be confined to the genera
Philanthus
,
Trachypus
, and
Philanthinus
, which together comprise 172 described species of solitary wasps.
Native Valve Bacillus cereus Endocarditis in a Non-Intravenous-Drug-Abusing Patient
Authors: Thomas Benjamin S. , Bankowski Matthew J. , Lau William K. K. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

Bacillus cereus
is a rare cause of endocarditis, typically associated with intravenous drug abuse, rheumatic heart disease, prosthetic heart valves, pacemakers, or immunodeficiency. We present the first case of native valve
Bacillus cereus
endocarditis with no apparent risk factors. The patient had a fulminant course requiring emergent valve replacement.