bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Significance of Baseline Plasma C-Reactive Protein Levels in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Raina Rohit , Gupta Mayushi 
Published: June 2024

Objective:
The objective of this study is to assess baseline plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in patients with acute coronary syndromes and their significance in prognosis.

Materials and Methods:
The study was carried out at the department of internal medicine in a tertiary health care center. Fifty patients diagnosed with acute coronary syndromes (ACSs) (ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) or unstable angina (UA)/non-STEMI) were admitted and detailed history, clinical examination, and laboratory tests were done on each patient. All routine blood investigations were carried out along with electrocardiography and echocardiography in all patients. Plasma concentrations of CRP were measured with an ultra-sensitive latex immunoassay before reperfusion, 24 h after admission, and at discharge.

Results:
A total of 50 patients were taken. Thirty-eight cases were found to be male and the remaining 12 were female, of which 35 were STEMI and 15 were UA/NSTEMI. The maximum prevalence of ACS was observed in the age group of 41–50 years. Among all five presenting symptoms, chest pain was the most prevalent, followed by sweating, breathlessness, vomiting, and giddiness. The major risk factors in ACS include smoking being the most common followed by diabetes and dyslipidemia. In 16 patients, left ventricular failure was recorded, which was the most common complication followed by cardiogenic shock and atrioventricular block. ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation is recorded in five patients who died, 36 patients with complications, and three patients among 40 patients without complications where CRP levels are ≥0.6 mg/dl. Four patients out of 10 patients who showed CRP levels <0.6 mg/dl are known to have complications.

Conclusions:
It was concluded that the measurement of plasma CRP levels at the time of admission in patients with suspected coronary artery disease may be helpful in the identification of a group of patients with a high risk of cardiac complications.
Influence of Body Shape Index and Heart Rate Variability in Athletes as Assessed During Treadmill Exercise
Authors: Sharma Snigdha , Bokariya Pradeep , Kothari Ruchi , Srivastava Sujay 
Published: June 2024

Background:Heart rate variability (HRV) is emanating as one of the most effectual techniques for probing the intricate and ever-evolving changes in the oscillations of a healthy heart, allowing us to guard against any abrupt physical threat to homeostasis, such as that which occurs when a person exercises.Aims and Objectives:To study the influence of body shape index with HRV indices in athletic population during treadmill exercise in athletic population.Materials and Methods:It was a cross-sectional study carried out on 120 healthy subjects and 30 athletes in the age range 17-35 years. Short-term HRV (5 min) was extracted from ECG recordings obtained using Power lab system, AD instruments and was analyzed by LabChart software in accordance to the standards set forth by the Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology.Results:Out of 30 athletes, there were a total of 17 (56%) male subjects and 13(44%) female subjects. Out of 120 controls, male subjects were 50 (41.66%) and females were 70 (58.33%). The mean age of males was 21.06±3.02 and that of females was 22.50 ± 6.25. A statistically significant positive (r=0.56) correlation between BSI and HRV on treadmill exercise was observed.Conclusion:Examining HR variations offers a window to evaluate the condition and integrity of ANS. In this study, the extent to which the ANS contributed to obesity was assessed and the relationship of measure of cardiovascular risk, a newly established and pragmatic metric Body Shape Index (ABSI) with the HRV indicators in the athletic population was explored.
Factors Affecting Total Ischemic Time of Patients with ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Cross-sectional Study from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Kerala, India
Authors: Avanthika KV , Kandathil Joyal J , Iype Mathew , Anish T S 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Cardiovascular diseases have now become the leading cause of mortality in India. The mortality rate is observed to be higher in primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) patients with longer total ischemic time (TIT). The lack of awareness about the symptoms of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) delays the identification of this medical emergency and prolongs the TIT. The study of composition of TIT and the reasons for its prolongation will help to improve the outcome of ACS.

Objectives:
The objectives of this study were as follows: (1) to estimate the mean TIT and the proportion of patients with TIT <1 h (the golden hour), admitted to Government Medical College Thiruvananthapuram, with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who underwent PPCI and (2) to study the factors influencing the TIT as those in the (a) prehospital phase – the time from the onset of chest pain till arrival to the hospital where intervention is being carried out and (b) hospital phase – the time from the arrival at the hospital to the time of intervention.

Methodology:
The study assessed total ischemic time in STEMI patients who underwent PPCI, through a cross-sectional study investigating mean TIT, influencing factors, and proportion of Patients with TIT <1 h (the golden hour). The calculated sample size, 104, was met using a questionnaire and the case records. The data were entered in Excel and analyzed using SPSS.

Results:
No patients in the study population arrived within 1 h of symptom onset. The mean TIT was 363.10 min with standard deviation of 156.809 and the median TIT was 330.00 min (interquartile range is 225.00). Unlike other similar studies, there were no significant associations with age, gender, and social and educational status of the patient. Majority of the study population were not aware about the symptoms of ACS. Mode of transport, past history, family history, time of onset of symptoms, and time of arrival at the percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) center were found to be significantly associated with TIT.

Conclusion:
This study assessed the major patient-related and system-related factors causing the prolongation in TIT. This will help us to formulate and implement the strategies to significantly shorten the delay in revascularization and improve the outcome of patients admitted with STEMI. For decreasing the patient-related delay, creating public awareness regarding the identification of ischemic symptoms and accessing immediate medical care is paramount The early diagnosis and referral from the first medical contact or non-PCI center and rapid triage at the PCI center improves the system-related delay and will improve the mortality rate and outcomes of the patients.
Hemiepiphysiodesis with Tension Band Plates versus Percutaneous Epiphysiodesis Transphyseal Screws: A Comparative Study
Authors: Heckel Natascha , von der Heydt Kevin , Burgkart Rainer , Bernius Peter , Herzenberg John E. , Burghardt Rolf D. 
Published: June 2024

Objectives:
There are currently two major types of implants used to treat varus/valgus deformities in children: tension band plates (TBPs) and percutaneous epiphysiodesis transphyseal screws (PETS). While reports about TBP abound, there is a paucity of reports on PETS. In this preliminary report, we compared the clinical results for hemiepiphysiodesis using TBP to PETS.

Materials and Methods:
The retrospective single European center study included 44 patients with varus/valgus deformities who underwent guided growth between 2010 and 2016. Follow-ups occurred from implantation through implant removal or skeletal maturity. Limb alignment was assessed through full-length standing radiographs.

Results:
In the group treated with TBP, the average age at implantation was 11.3 years (range, 3.6–15.8 years). Plates were inserted for an average of 14.6 months (range, 3.0–42.0 months). The mechanical axis deviation (MAD) changed an average of 2.5 mm/month (range, 0.1–8.0 mm/month). In the PETS group, the mean age at implantation was 13.1 years (range, 10.9–15.8 years). Screws were inserted for an average of 10.0 months (range, 2.0–25.0 months). The change of MAD was 2.9 mm/month (range, 0.2–10.3 mm/month).

Conclusions:
PETS had a comparable correction effect with TBP. Besides the different implant types, the correction effect and the treatment time are influenced by the growth rate, the extent of the deformity, and the underlying disease. TBP is less likely to lose purchase than PETS, especially in younger children. PETS have a sufficient grip in adolescents, are less expensive, and can be inserted through smaller surgical incisions which provide better cosmetic outcomes. The ideal age for switching from TBP to PETS has yet to be determined.

Level of Evidence:
III.
Radiographic Assessment of Lower Limb Alignment in South African Children
Authors: Foxcroft William Donnavan , du Toit Jacques , Ferreira Nando , Thiart Mari , Saini Aaron , Burger Marilize 
Published: June 2024

Context:
Radiographic measurements on full-length lower limb views are the standard for lower limb deformity analysis. The published measurements of Paley et al.[1] on lower limb alignment are the gold standard, but were derived from small adult samples. There are no radiographic measurements reported exclusively of South African children.

Aims:
The study aimed to establish the normal values of lower limb alignment and joint orientation angles in South African children between 5 and 18 years old, at specific age intervals and to compare these measurements to the values as derived from Paley et al.[1]

Settings and Design:
A cross-sectional radiographic study including all 5–18-year-old children who underwent full-length anteroposterior radiographs between 2012 and 2020 was conducted.

Subjects and Methods:
Radiographic measurements were done as described by Paley. Differences in measurements obtained and those reported by Paley et al.[1] were compared.

Results:
A total of 190 patients (110 male; 80 female) with a mean age of 10.0 ± 3.3 years were included. The medial neck-shaft angle (MNSA), mechanical and anatomical lateral distal femoral angle (LDFA) and lateral distal tibia angle (LDTA) remained consistent throughout the age groups. Significant differences between Paley’s published values and our cohort were observed for the median mechanical axis deviation (MAD), MNSA and medial proximal tibia angle(MPTA).[1]

Conclusion:
Significant differences were seen in the mean/median of our MAD, MNSA, and MPTA compared to Paley’s work. Other measured values are comparable with previously published adult and pediatric populations. Using the acquired data, we were able to develop set values that could be the norm for pediatric joint orientation angles in the South African population.
Angular Deformity after Temporary Epiphysiodesis for Leg Length Discrepancy
Authors: Abousamra Oussama , Antoniak Katherine S. , VandenBerg Curtis D. , Wren Tishya A. L. 
Published: June 2024

Aims:
Temporary epiphysiodesis with tension band plating is used to manage leg length discrepancy. Temporary epiphysiodesis may offer surgical timing benefits over permanent drill epiphysiodesis, but a potential complication is secondary angular deformity. We aimed to describe angular deformity and associated factors after temporary epiphysiodesis.

Materials and Methods:
In this retrospective review of patients who underwent temporary epiphysiodesis of the distal femur and/or proximal tibia, mechanical axis deviation (MAD) was measured on preoperative and last follow-up radiographs. Changes in MAD and angular deformity were analyzed using nonparametric statistics. Angular deformity was defined as MAD >10 mm from neutral.

Results:
In our cohort of 12 patients (age at surgery 11.3 ± 2.0 years; postoperative follow-up 2.0 ± 0.9 years), the mean magnitude of MAD change was 14 ± 10 mm. Of five femoral only procedures, four limbs (80%) had lateral (valgus) direction of MAD change, while one had 1 mm varus change. Of two tibial only procedures, both had lateral direction of MAD change. Of five combined femoral and tibial procedures, one limb (20%) had no MAD change, and four limbs (80%) had medial (varus) MAD change. At the last follow-up, 50% (6/12) of limbs had MAD >10 mm from neutral, which they did not have before surgery.

Conclusions:
For patients with limb length discrepancy, temporary epiphysiodesis with tension band plating may increase the potential for angular deformity. This finding should be considered when this procedure is planned for patients close to skeletal maturity.
Growth and morbidity of exclusively breastfed and artificially fed babies in a tertiary care hospital in South India
Authors: Habeeb Azmi , Unni Jeeson C 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Exclusive breastfeeding has been established as the most appropriate modality of feeding babies up to 6months of age. Myths and misinformation regarding breastfeeding exist aplenty in the community. There is a feeling that modern-day mothers are less inclined to exclusively breast feed their baby.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to analyze the feeding practices that are prevalent in our hospital and to compare growth and morbidity pattern between breast fed and artificially fed babies up to 6 months of age.

Materials and Methods:
After obtaining clearance from the Institutional Ethics Committee, a retrospective study was conducted wherein a questionnaire inquiring feeding and illnesses was submitted to parents of babies born in our hospital coming to our outpatient department at 6 months of age for vaccination. Weights at 6 weeks, 10 weeks, 14 weeks, and 6 months, were accessed from our hospital information system.

Results:
199 babies were studied. Though exclusively breast-fed infants had more weight than artificially fed babies at 6 weeks, 10 weeks, 14 weeks, and 6 months, the difference was not statistically significant. Morbidity of artificially fed infant was significantly more than in those who were exclusively breast fed and bottle feeding was associated with a statistically significant morbidity pattern.

Conclusion:
Artificial feeding and bottle feeding was associated with increased morbidity. Weights and weight gains between exclusive breast fed and artificially fed infants were not significantly different up to 6 months of age.
Investigating the Effect of Integration Approaches of Student Response System on Academic Achievement, Engagement and Cognitive Loads in Live Online Classes
Authors: Kocak Omer 
Published: June 2024

Student response systems (SRSs) increase the engagement of students by supporting them to participate in the course and thus contribute to their academic achievement. However, in most of the experimental studies in which the effects of SRSs were investigated, details on how to integrate SRSs into the course were not provided. This study aimed to investigate the effect of using SRSs in different parts of live online classes on students' academic achievement, engagement, cognitive loads, and views about the SRSs. This study was conducted in a mixed-method research design and 80 undergraduate students who took the Research Methods course constituted the study group. Two experimental groups were randomly assigned. In the first experimental group, SRS was used at the end of the course as an assessment of the current week. In the second experimental group, SRS was used at the beginning of the course as an assessment of the previous week. The experiment lasted seven weeks. The academic achievement test, live online classes engagement scale, and cognitive load scale were used as data collection tools. The study findings show that the first experimental group has significantly higher academic achievement than the second experimental group. On the other hand, the integration approaches of the SRS did not affect significantly the engagement and cognitive load of the experimental groups. Qualitative findings indicate that the integration approaches of SRS have different contributions. The views of the two experimental groups regarding the advantages of the integration approaches of SRS are different.
Percursos de formação e Geografia Escolar
Authors: Portugal Jussara Fraga 
Published: June 2024

Esse dossiê especial comporta 9 textos decorrentes das ações do 15º Encontro Nacional de Prática de Ensino de Geografia (Enpeg), realizado em novembro de 2022, na Universidade Estado da Bahia (UNEB), Campus de Salvador, uma ação colaborativa do Grupo de Pesquisa Geo(bio)grafar – Geografia, diversas linguagens e narrativas de professores em parceria com o Programa de Pós-graduação em Estudos Territoriais (Proet/UNEB) e o apoio/acolhimento da Universidade do Estado da Bahia, em suas diferentes instâncias que possibilitaram a realização desta décima quinta edição do ENPEG e nos permitiram partilhar experiências de formação, na vertente das dimensões e das práticas no campo da pesquisa em educação geográfica, ensino e formação docente em Geografia.
Ananlisis Vulnerabilitas dan Pengujian Terhadap Google Gruyere
Authors: Suhaila Dhia , Muhammad Karim Bachtiar  , Tedi Kurniawan  
Published: June 2024

Perkembangan masyarakat saat ini semakin didorong dan didukung oleh pertumbuhan teknologi komunikasi melalui pengujian keamanan dengan aplikasi web Google Gruyere. Berbagai kerentanan umum, seperti Cross-Site Scripting (XSS), Client State Manipulation, Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF), dan Path Traversal, diidentifikasi dan dianalisis. Metode penelitian meliputi identifikasi masalah, tinjauan pustaka, dan eksperimen dengan menggunakan alat pengujian penetrasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengujian keamanan yang komprehensif sangat penting untuk menjaga integritas, kerahasiaan, dan ketersediaan informasi dalam suatu sistem. Pengujian penetrasi membantu mengembangkan strategi keamanan yang lebih baik dengan mengidentifikasi kerentanan secara cepat dan akurat dan memungkinkan organisasi untuk melawan potensi ancaman keamanan sebelum dapat dieksploitasi. Menerapkan langkah-langkah keamanan yang tepat seperti sanitasi masukan, penggunaan token CSRF, dan validasi masukan dapat mengurangi risiko serangan siber dan melindungi data pengguna. Kesadaran akan ancaman dan tindakan pencegahan yang tepat sangat penting untuk meningkatkan keamanan siber aplikasi web.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL MARKETING ON THE INDIAN ECONOMY
Authors: Mahida Rinkesh 
Published: June 2024

According to a Goldman Sachs report, the Indian market's digital advertising profession is expected to be worth multiple times its current value, or $160 billion, by 2025 (Kaur, 2023) (Singh M. K., 2021). The same report projects that by 2023; there will be approximately 666 million active Indian web users (Kaur, 2023). By 2020, digital marketing is predicted to generate 20 lakh new jobs (Kaur, 2023). A Magna Global advertising forecast states that India's advertising budget will increase by 11.8% in 2023. From Rs 98,200 crore in 2022 to Rs 1,09,900 crore in 2023, total ad sales are increasing (Brand Wagon Online, 2023). The objectives of this article are to study trends and growth of digital marketing in India (Singh M. K., 2021), understand the importance of digital marketing in India (Agrawal, 2023), the challenges of digital marketing in India, understand how to overcome the challenges in digital marketing (Singh M. K., 2021) impact of digital marketing on the Indian economy and examine the Indian government's support for digital marketing. For this study, the researcher employed a descriptive research design. Secondary data was utilized to acquire the data needed for the research.
રઘુવીર ચૌધરી કૃત અમૃતા નવલકથામાં ભારતીયતા
Authors: Vajir Pravinbhai 
Published: June 2024

અત્યારના સમયમાં પશ્ચિમી દેશોની સંસ્કૃતિ, રહેણીકરણી, ધર્મ, વિચાર વગેરેની ઘેલછા ભારતની પ્રજાના માનસ પર સવાર થતી જાય છે. ભારતીય સંસ્કૃતિ પોતાનો ઇતિહાસ ગુમાવતી જાય છે. આ માટે તે પ્રત્યે સજાગ કરવાની કલ્યાણકારી ભાવનાને વ્યંજિત કરવા સત્યની આવશ્યકતા છે. આંધળું અનુકરણ આપણે બંધ કરવું પડશે. વિશ્વની સંસ્કૃતિ ઉદ્દભવી અને નાશ પામી, પરંતુ ભારતીય સંસ્કૃતિ આજે પણ સદીઓથી પોતાની પરંપરા જાળવતી આવી છે.
અર્વાચીન સમયમાં ભારતની જુદી-જુદી ભાષાઓના અનેક સર્જકોએ પોતાના સાહિત્ય દ્વારા ભારતીયતા પ્રગટાવવાનો ભગીરથ પ્રયત્ન કર્યો છે. જેમાં ગુજરાતીમાં મધ્યકાળમાં નરસિંહ મહેતા, મીરાંબાઈ, અખો અને પ્રેમાનંદ તો અર્વાચીન સમયમાં નવલરામ પંડ્યા, ધ્રુવ સાહેબ, કવિ કાન્ત, બ.ક.ઠાકોર, મેઘાણી, ઉમાશંકર જોશી, રઘુભાઈ ચૌધરી જેવા અનેક સર્જકોએ પોતાના સાહિત્યમાં ભારતીય ભાવનાને આલેખવાનો પ્રયત્ન કર્યો છે.
A Genetic Programming-Assisted Analytical Formula for Predicting the Permeability of Pervious Concrete
Authors: Le Ba-Anh , Vu Thai Son , Nguyen Hoang-Quan , Vu Viet Hung 
Published: June 2024

This study proposes a new approach to construct predictive formulas for the permeability of Pervious Concrete (PC), which depends on PC mixture and porosity. To achieve this, a dataset of 195 samples collected from different sources was used. In the dataset the permeability is dependent on porosity, aggregate-to-cement ratio (AC), maximum nominal sizes (MS) of coarse aggregate, and water-to-cement or binder ratios (WC). From the dataset and through applying simple regression techniques, several analytical functions based on the Kozeny-Carman model were constructed and evaluated for their effectiveness in implementing independent datasets and similar analytical functions. Furthermore, for the first time, the Genetic Programming-based Symbolic Regression method was adopted to construct hybrid models combined with the Kozeny-Carman analytical model. The equation of the hybrid model ensures both basic physical conditions and efficiency while being simple enough for engineering-level applications.
Investigating the Nexus between EFL University Students’ Listening Proficiency and Metacognitive Awareness: A Correlational Study
Authors: EL MADANI EL MEHDI , LAROUZ MOHAMMED , FAGROUD MUSTAPHA , M'RABTI MOUNYA , MOUASSINE FATIMAZAHRAE 
Published: June 2024

There has been growing interest in the intersection of language learning and metacognition. A considerable body of research now indicates that understanding one's own language abilities and knowing effective learning strategies is crucial for language learning success. In fact, metacognitive awareness of EFL learning strategies enables learners to monitor, control, and enhance their learning processes. Conversely, a lack of such awareness poses significant obstacles to the learning process. To address this gap, this study strives to explore the nexus between EFL university students’ listening proficiency in English and their metacognitive awareness of listening strategies. Data was gathered from 94 third-year university students majoring in English studies at a school of Arts and Humanities in Meknes. Analysis of the data involved Pearson product-moment correlation and Simple Linear Regression techniques. The results revealed that there is no correlation between students’ English listening comprehension and their listening metacognitive awareness. This was reflected in the fact that the r-value equaled -0.04, which is very close to zero. These findings contribute significantly to both theoretical understanding and practical application in the field of metacognition and language learning. They also offer valuable insights and recommendations for language educators, curriculum developers, English studies departments in higher education, and future research directions.