bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Children's Behavioral Styles at  Age 3 Are Linked to Their  Adult Personality Traits at Age 26
Authors: Caspi Avshalom , Harrington HonaLee , Milne Barry , Amell James W. , Theodore Reremoana F. , Moffitt Terrie E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe observed 1,000 3‐year‐old children who exhibited five temperament types: Undercontrolled, Inhibited, Confident, Reserved, and Well‐adjusted. Twenty‐three years later, we reexamined 96% of the children as adults, using multiple methods of comprehensive personality assessment, including both self‐ and informant‐reports. These longitudinal data provide the longest and strongest evidence to date that children's early‐emerging behavioral styles can foretell their characteristic behaviors, thoughts, and feelings as adults, pointing to the foundations of the human personality in the early years of life.
HENRY: development, pilot and long‐term evaluation of a programme to help practitioners work more effectively with parents of babies and pre‐school children to prevent childhood obesity
Authors: Rudolf M. C. J. , Hunt C. , George J. , Hajibagheri K. , Blair M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground  Despite epidemic numbers of obese and overweight pre‐school children, professionals report a lack of confidence and self‐efficacy in working with parents around lifestyle change. HENRY – Health Exercise Nutrition for the Really Young – trains health and community practitioners to work more sensitively and effectively with parents of babies and pre‐school children around obesity and lifestyle concerns. Underpinned by the Family Partnership Model, reflective practice and solution‐focused techniques, it offers face‐to‐face training and e‐learning. This paper describes the development, pilot and evaluation of HENRY Sure Start Children's Centres.Methods  Twelve Children's Centres in Oxfordshire took part in the pilot involving 137 staff. Questionnaires were administered at the end of training courses. Self‐reported confidence ratings were obtained before and after training. Postal questionnaires were sent to Centre managers 2–6 months later to ascertain long‐term effects. Nine managers participated in in‐depth interviews. A further 535 learners completed the e‐learning course and online feedback.Results  One hundred and thirty‐one staff (96%) completed the training course and valued it as a way of enhancing skills and knowledge. Mean (±SD) self‐reported confidence ratings increased (4.1 ± 0.7 to 7.2 ± 0.7; P < 0.00001). An influence on personal as well as professional lives was apparent. Long‐term follow‐up indicated ongoing impact attributed to HENRY on both Centres and staff. All 535 e‐learners successfully completed: 98% would recommend HENRY; 94% thought it enhanced their skills as well as knowledge.Conclusions  HENRY is an innovative approach that offers some promise in tackling obesity through training community and health practitioners to work more effectively with parents of very young children. It appears to have an effect on participants' personal lives as well as professional work. A large‐scale long‐term study would be required to ascertain if there is the desired impact on young children's lifestyles and risk of obesity.
Original article: Optimisation of extraction conditions and characteristics of skin gelatin from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Zeng Shaokui , Yan Xiaoyan , Cao Wenhong , Hong Pengzhi , Zhang Chaohua , Li Laihao 
Published: July 2010

SummaryResponse surface methodology was used to optimise gelatin extraction conditions from the skin of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), and characteristics of the gelatin were determined. Concentration of NaOH (%,X1), alkaline treatment time (h,X2), concentration of HCl (‰,X3) and acid treatment time (min,X4) were chosen for independent variables. Dependent variable was yield of gelatin (%,Y). Optimal conditions wereX1 = 3.2 (%),X2 = 2.3 (h),X3 = 0.7 (‰) andX4 = 84 (min), and predicted value of response optimal conditions wasY = 20.4%. Actual value was 19.3% by verification experiments under optimal conditions. Crude protein content of the tilapia skin gelatin was 88.5%. The content of imino acids including proline and hydroxyproline in the gelatin was 185 residues per 1000 total amino acid residues. Its gel strength was 260 g. The gelling and melting points were 18.0 and 22.4 °C, respectively.
Original article: Effects of continuous dense‐phase CO2 system on antioxidant capacity and volatile compounds of apple juice
Authors: Porto Carla Da , Decorti Deborha , Tubaro Franco 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThe effects of different operating conditions applied to a continuous dense‐phase carbon dioxide (DPCD) system on antioxidant capacity and volatile compounds of apple juice were compared with current heat pasteurisation method. Only the microbial tests required by Italian Regulation to assure microbiological safety to ‘fruit juices and vegetables’ were performed, and DPCD‐treated (15 MPa, 35 °C, 15 min; 25 MPa, 35 °C, 15 min), heat‐pasteurised (75 °C, 15 s) and untreated apple juice samples were considered. The DPCD processing carried out at 15 MPa resulted as effective as 25 MPa in reducing microbial cells. Trolox equivalent of DPCD treated at 25 MPa (0.41 mm) resulted significantly (P < 0.05) lower than DPCD treated at 15 MPa (0.48 mm). Head space analysis of volatile compounds indicated the lowest decrease in apple aroma compounds (59% esters and 59% aldehydes) in DPCD treated at 15 MPa.
Original article: Effect of modified atmosphere packaging using different CO2 and N2 combinations on physical, chemical, microbiological and sensory changes of fresh sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fillets
Authors: Provincial Laura , Gil Mario , Guillén Elena , Alonso Verónica , Roncalés Pedro , Beltrán Jose A. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThe effect of different modified atmosphere packaging (MAPs) on physical, chemical, microbiological and sensory changes of sea bass fillets when stored at 4 °C and standard light conditions was investigated for up to 21 days and compared to a control batch stored in overwrap. Sea bass fillets were packed using different CO2 and N2 combinations (40% CO2–60% N2; 50% CO2–50% N2; 60% CO2–40% N2), and quality assessment was based on instrumental, chemical, microbiological and sensory analysis. The results showed that MAP extended shelf‐life of sea bass fillets from 7 days (overwrap packaging) to 14 days. Drip loss, pH values and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) measurements were higher in overwrap samples but no differences (P ≤ 0.05) were found between MAP samples. Bacteria grew most quickly and showed higher counts in overwrap samples followed by 40% CO2–60% N2; 50% CO2–50% N2 and finally 60% CO2–40% N2. Sensory analyses were in good relation with chemical and microbiological results establishing best scores and an extended shelf‐life for MAP samples especially in MAPs with high CO2 levels.
Original article: Prediction of the colour and polyphenolic composition of the young red wines from the phenolic potential of the grapes
Authors: González‐Neves Gustavo , Gil Graciela , Ferrer Milka , Charamelo Darwin , Balado Juan , Bochicchio Rosa , Gatto Gabriela , Tessore Alicia 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThe phenolic potential of the grapes of Tannat, Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot produced in the south region of Uruguay was analysed in four years. The grapes of Tannat had the highest total phenolic richness (A280 = 80.0), total anthocyanin potential (ApH1 = 2540 mg L−1) and extractable anthocyanin potential (ApH3.2 = 1269 mg L−1), although there were important differences between the years. Representative winemaking of each vineyard was carried out. The differences verified in the grapes phenolic indexes were related to the colour and polyphenolic composition of the wines. The correlations between the phenolic indexes of the grapes and the colour and polyphenolic composition of the wines were very high. The estimation of the polyphenolic richness and the extractability of the anthocyanins of the grapes allow to improve the management of the winemaking and the prediction of the chromatic characteristics and the global polyphenolic composition of the wines.
Original article: Modelling the effects of food ingredients and pH on high‐pressure processing inactivation of Bacillus cereus spores: a laboratorial study
Authors: Gao Yu‐Long , Ju Xing‐Rong 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThe combination of high pressure and heat on Bacillus cereus spores in food matrix was investigated with the purpose of achieving a predictive model of microbial inactivation. The high‐pressure processing (HPP) conditions were fixed at 540 MPa and 71 °C for 16.8 min, which were determined as the optimum conditions considering six‐log‐cycle reductions of B. cereus spores. The effects of soybean protein, sucrose, soybean oil and pH on the inactivation of B. cereus spores by HPP were evaluated, and a quadratic predictive model for the effects of food ingredients and pH on the reductions of B. cereus spores by HPP was built using response surface methodology. The experimental results showed that soybean protein, sucrose and pH significantly affected the reductions of B. cereus spores. The predictive model is significant, because the level of significance was P < 0.0001 and the calculated F‐value is much greater than the tabulated F‐value. The adequacy of the predictive model equation was verified effectively using the experimental test data that were not used in the development of the model.
Two years survival rate of Class II ART restorations in primary molars using two ways to avoid saliva contamination
Authors: CARVALHO THIAGO SAADS , SAMPAIO FÁBIO CORREIA , DINIZ ALEXANDRE , BÖNECKER MARCELO , Van AMERONGEN WILLEM EVERT 
Published: July 2010

International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2010; 20: 419–425 Aim.  To compare the survival rates of Class II Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) restorations placed in primary molars using cotton rolls or rubber dam as isolation methods.Methods.  A total of 232 children, 6–7 years old, both genders, were selected having one primary molar with proximal dentine lesion. The children were randomly assigned into two groups: control group with Class II ART restoration made using cotton rolls and experimental group using rubber dam. The restorations were evaluated by eight calibrated evaluators (Kappa > 0.8) after 6, 12, 18 and 24 months.Results.  A total of 48 (20.7%) children were considered dropout, after 24 months. The cumulative survival rate after 6, 12, 18 and 24 months was 61.4%, 39.0%, 29.1% and 18.0%, respectively for the control group, and 64.1%, 55.1%, 40.1% and 32.1%, respectively for the rubber dam group. The log rank test for censored data showed no statistical significant difference between the groups (P = 0.07). The univariate Cox Regression showed no statistical significant difference after adjusting for independent variables (P > 0.05).Conclusion.  Both groups had similar survival rates, and after 2 years, the use of rubber dam does not increase the success of Class II ART restorations significantly.
Linking the clinical presentation of molar‐incisor hypomineralisation to its mineral density
Authors: FARAH RAMI , DRUMMOND BERNADETTE , SWAIN MICHAEL , WILLIAMS SHEILA 
Published: July 2010

International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2010; 20: 353–360 Background.  The in vitro methods used for the assessment of the severity of molar‐incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) are not available for clinicians faced with questions regarding the severity in clinical cases, and the best management approach.Aim.  To assess whether there is a relation between the severity of the defects in MIH enamel (represented by reduction in the mineral density) and the clinical presentation (represented by the colour of the defect and its laser fluorescence).Design.  The colour of enamel was recorded (normal, white, yellow or brown) in specific areas for ten extracted first permanent molars with MIH defects and ten extracted sound teeth. Laser fluorescence (LF) and mineral density (MD) were measured for the same areas. A mixed model, using sample/tooth as a random effect, was used to estimate the relationship between the MD and the colour‐coding, and between the MD and LF readings.Results.  The between‐samples correlation coefficient for the colour coding and the MD was 0.99 (P < 0.001), and 0.83 (P < 0.001) for the LF and MD.Conclusions.  The degree of staining of MIH enamel, as assessed visually or by LF, may be used clinically to reflect the severity of the defect.
Oral health in preschool children with cerebral palsy: a case–control community‐based study
Authors: DU RENNAN Y. , MCGRATH COLMAN , YIU CYNTHIA K. Y. , KING NIGEL M. 
Published: July 2010

International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2010; 20: 330–335Objectives. To assess and compare the oral health status of preschool children with and without cerebral palsy (CP).Methods. Preschool children with CP (72) were recruited from 23 Special Child Care Centers in Hong Kong. An age (±3 months) and gender matched sample of preschool children from mainstream preschools were recruited as the control group. Dental caries status, gingival health status, tooth wear, developmental defect of enamel, malocclusion, dental trauma and oral mucosal health were assessed and compared between the two groups.Results. Significant differences in gingival health status were found between children with and without CP (mean plaque index scores,P = 0.001 and mean gingival index scores,P < 0.05). Tooth wear involving dentine was more prevalent among CP children (P < 0.001), as were evidence of anterior open‐bite (P < 0.001) and oral mucosal lesions (P < 0.05). Children with and without CP had similar caries experiences (P > 0.05), prevalence of enamel defects (P > 0.05) and dental trauma (P > 0.05).Conclusions. Differences of oral health status exist among preschool children with and without CP. Preschool children fare worse in terms of gingival health, tooth wear, oral mucosal health and malocclusion.
Maxillary dental anomalies in children with cleft lip and palate: a controlled study
Authors: CAMPORESI MATTEO , BACCETTI TIZIANO , MARINELLI ANDREA , DEFRAIA EFISIO , FRANCHI LORENZO 
Published: July 2010

International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2010; 20: 442–450 Objective.  To evaluate the prevalence of dental abnormalities of the primary and permanent maxillary dentitions in children affected by unilateral (UCLP) and bilateral (BCLP) cleft of the lip and palate.Methods.  One hundred and fifty‐six Caucasian patients (64 females and 92 males) affected by non‐syndromic UCLP or BLCP were selected. A control sample of 1000 subjects (482 males and 518 females) without CLP was selected. All comparisons were carried out by means of z‐tests on proportions.Results.  The prevalence rate for missing primary lateral incisors in UCLP subjects was 8.1% and it was 27.9% for the permanent lateral incisors. In BLCP subjects, the prevalence rates were 17% for the primary lateral incisors and 60% for the permanent lateral incisors. The second premolar was absent in 5.4% of UCLP subjects and in 8.8% in the BCLP sample. The statistical analysis revealed significant differences for the prevalence rates of all dental anomalies compared with the control group except for second premolar agenesis.Conclusions.  In both UCLP and BCLP subjects the most prevalent missing teeth were the lateral incisors. The dental anomalies occurred predominantly in the cleft area, thus suggesting that the effect of the cleft disturbance is more local than general on the dentition.
Caries risk profiles in schoolchildren over 2 years assessed by Cariogram
Authors: PETERSSON GUNNEL HÄNSEL , ISBERG PER‐ERIK , TWETMAN SVANTE 
Published: July 2010

International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2010; 20: 341–346 Background.  Caries risk assessment is an important tool in clinical decision making.Aim.  To evaluate longitudinal changes in caries risk profiles in a group of schoolchildren in relation to caries development.Design.  The Cariogram model was used to create caries risk profiles and to identify risk factors in 438 children being 10–11 years at baseline. The assessment was repeated after 2 years and the caries increment was recorded. The frequency of unfavourable risk factors were compared between those considered at the lowest and the highest risk.Results.  Fifty percent of the children remained in the same risk category after 2 years. One third of the children were assessed in a higher‐risk category while 18.4% showed a lower risk. Those with increased risk compared with baseline developed significantly more caries than those with an unchanged risk category. The most frequent unfavourable risk factors among those with high risk at baseline were high‐salivary mutans streptococci and lactobacilli counts as well as frequent meals.Conclusion.  Half of the children showed a changed risk category after 2 years, for better or for worse, which suggests that regular risk assessments are needed in order to make appropriate decisions on targeted preventive care and recall intervals.
Differential item functioning related to ethnicity in an oral health‐related quality of life measure
Authors: TRAEBERT JEFFERSON , FOSTER PAGE LYNDIE A. , MURRAY THOMSON W. , LOCKER DAVID 
Published: July 2010

International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2010; 20: 435–441Objective. To assess whether an oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL)measure showed differential item functioning (DIF) by ethnicity.Methods. A simple random sample of 12‐ and 13‐year‐old schoolchildren enrolled in the Taranaki District Health Board’s school dental service, New Zealand. Each child (n = 430) completed the Child Perception Questionnaire (CPQ11‐14) in the dental clinic waiting room, prior to a dental examination. The dataset included age, gender, ethnicity, and deprivation status. The general principle of the analytic plan was that equal scores from each CPQ11‐14item were expected from both non‐Mäori and Mäori groups regardless of their ethnic group. Ordinal logistic regression was performed. The dependent variables were the CPQ11‐14items. The ethnicity group and each CPQ11‐14domain score were the independent variables. Non‐uniform DIF was assessed through adding an interaction term for each CPQ11‐14sub‐scale.Results. Non‐uniform DIF was found in two items, one in the Functional Limitations sub‐scale and another in the Social Well‐being sub‐scale. Uniform DIF was found in one item of the Emotional Well‐being sub‐scale.Conclusion. Both non‐uniform and uniform DIF by ethnicity was found in three of 37 items of the CPQ11‐14questionnaire, showing it is important to perform DIF analysis when applying OHRQoL measures.
A clinical evaluation of two glass ionomer cements in primary molars using atraumatic restorative treatment technique in India: 1 year follow up
Authors: DEEPA GURUNATHAN , SHOBHA TANDON 
Published: July 2010

International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2010; 20: 410–418 Aim.  To compare the clinical performance of two glass ionomer cements, Amalgomer CR and Fuji IX in small and medium cavities prepared using Atraumatic restorative treatment approach in India.Study design.  One hundred school children in the age group of 4–9 years who had bilateral matched pair of carious lesions in primary posterior teeth were included. A split mouth design was used in which two materials were randomly placed in contralateral sides. The performance of the restorations was assessed after 1 year using Frenken’s criteria (1996).Survival analysis of restoration was done using chi‐square test.Results.  The survival rate of Amalgomer CR and Fuji IX class I restorations were 97.4% and 94.9%, respectively. In class II cavities 95.1% and 88.5% of Amalgomer CR and Fuji IX restorations were successful. Amalgomer CR and Fuji IX showed a success of 94.2% and 92.3% in small sized class II cavities. Amalgomer CR showed a 100% success for medium sized class I and II restorations. Whereas Fuji IX showed a 100% and 66.7% success in medium sized class I and II cavities.Conclusion.  The clinical performances of both materials were satisfactory at the end of 1 year and ART is suitable procedure to be done in a dental clinic for children.
Comparison of subjective symptoms among three diagnostic subgroups of adolescents with temporomandibular disorders
Authors: KARIBE HIROYUKI , GODDARD GREG , KAWAKAMI TOMOMI , AOYAGI KYOKO , RUDD PATRICIA , MCNEILL CHARLES 
Published: July 2010

International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2010; 20: 458–465 Aim.  To compare subjective symptoms among three diagnostic subgroups of young patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs).Design.  We comprehensively examined 121 patients with TMDs (age ≤20 years; 90 female patients and 31 male patients) who completed self‐reported forms for assessing subjective symptoms, which consisted of five items on pain intensity in the orofacial region and six items on the level of difficulty in activities of daily living (ADL) (rating scale, 0–10). They were divided into three diagnostic subgroups: temporomandibular joint (TMJ) problem (JT) group, masticatory muscle pain (MM) group, and the group with a combination of TMJ problems and masticatory muscle pain (JM group). Their symptoms were compared using the Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U‐tests.Results.  The intensity of jaw or face tightness and difficulty in talking and yawning were not significantly different among the groups. However, the MM and JM groups had a significantly higher rating for jaw or face pain, headache, neck pain, tooth pain, and difficulty in eating soft foods (P < 0.01).Conclusions.  Young patients with MM or JM report more intense pain in the orofacial region and have more difficulties in ADL than those with JT problems alone.
Experimental investigation of fire ecology in the C3 and C4 subspecies of Alloteropsis semialata
Authors: Ripley Brad , Donald Gillian , Osborne Colin P. , Abraham Trevor , Martin Tarryn 
Published: July 2010

Summary 1. C4 grasses possess characteristics that potentially advantage growth in fire‐prone environments, including high photosynthetic productivity, efficient light and nutrient use and significant allocation to below‐ground reserves and reproduction. Such characteristics allow fast regeneration after fire, and may be the consequence of photosynthetic physiology, phylogenetic ancestry or may have been acquired as adaptations to frequently burnt environments. 2. The aim of this study was to examine the role of photosynthetic pathway by comparing fire ecology in the closely related C3 and C4 subspecies of Alloteropsis semialata. Its focus was on above‐ground characteristics that would contribute to a fire fuel load, and the re‐growth responses of plants subsequent to a controlled experimental burn during the natural winter fire season. 3. Prior to the burn, but after frost, above‐ground biomass was entirely dead in the C4 plants, and was more flammable than that of the C3 plants. C3 plants maintained 33% of their canopy alive despite frosts and hence lost a significant proportion of living tissue in the experimental burn. 4. Subsequent to the burn, C3 plants did not entirely recover their above‐ground biomass, but canopy area returned to its pre‐burn level through the production of leaves with greater specific leaf area. There was little evidence of the remobilization of below‐ground reserves, which were less than half the size of C4 reserves. Re‐growth of C4 plants was strongly supported by the reallocation of below‐ground biomass and was similar for burnt and control plants, although fire had a weak stimulatory effect on re‐growth. 5. Synthesis. Differences in the responses of the A. semialata subspecies indicated that the C4 subspecies is better adapted to fire. Not only did it produce a flammable fuel load, but it was not detrimentally affected by the fire and recovered more rapidly than the C3 subspecies, without the requirement for altered growth allometry. Such characteristics may be the direct consequence of photosynthetic pathway or an indirect effect of adaptation in the C3 and C4 subspecies to environments with differing fire regimes.