bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DRCTdb: Disease-related cell type analysis to decode cell type effect and underlying regulatory mechanisms
Authors: qin sheng , Kong Yunhui , Jiang Junyao , Kong Weikang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying genetic diseases is challenging due to the involvement of both environmental and genetic factors. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous genetic loci, but their functional implications remain largely unknown. Single-cell multiomics sequencing has emerged as a powerful tool to study disease-specific cell types and their relationship with genetic variants. However, there is a lack of comprehensive databases for exploring genetic disease-related cell types and their mechanisms across different human tissues. In this study, we present the disease-related cell type database (DRCTdb), a database that integrates GWAS data and single-cell multiomics data to identify disease-related cell types and elucidate their regulatory mechanisms. DRCTdb contains well-processed single-cell multiomics data in 16 studies, encompassing transcriptome and epigenetic information overall 4 million cells within 28 tissues. Through DRCTdb, user can easily browse relationships and regulatory mechanisms between SNPs of 42 genetic disease and cell type in different human tissue based on GWAS and single cell multiomics data. Moreover, DRCTdb also provides data download, which allowing users to download well-processed single-cell multiomics data and analysis result from DRCTdb. DRCTdb is available at https://singlecellatlas.top/DRCTDB
Water level variations and flood zones in Lake Tanganyika and Nyangara marsh: Impact analysis and innovative solutions to prevent future damage
Authors: Ndabaga Mashauri , Nelson Ahimidiwe Bagi , Pascal Masilya Mulungula 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The water level of Lake Tanganyika has constantly fluctuated over time, flooding certain areas variably during periods of high water, causing immeasurable material and human damage. To prevent such damage, it is necessary to determine exactly which areas are always subject to flooding. This study, based on documentation, field surveys and satellite image processing using remote sensing techniques, aimed to identify the variation in water levels in the Nyangara marsh and Lake Tanganyika over the decade 2011–2021, to map the flood-prone areas in its northern and northeastern parts and to document the impact of these floods on riparian populations, in order to propose possible solutions to avoid damage in future years. Our results show that 2014, 2016 and 2019 were the years with the lowest water levels (especially for the Nyangara marsh), while 2017 and 2021 were the years of heavy flooding with serious negative impacts on riparian populations, namely the loss of inhabited and arable land, the disruption of socio-economic activities and environmental degradation. The survey revealed that the relocation of riverside populations, the creation of a buffer zone between the lake/marsh and dwellings, reforestation and the application of the law relating to the respect of 50m of shoreline are the priority solutions for mitigating the consequences of these floods. In this work, we discuss these proposals from the respondents and highlight more practical flood mitigation strategies adapted to this environment.
Research on Dynamic Characteristics of Shearer Cable Based on Multiphysics Field Coupling
Authors: Zhao Lijuan , Lin Guocong , Xie Bo , Bai Zhongjian , Wang Tianxiang , Wang Yadong , Liu Hongmei , Liu Zifeng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Utilizing MCP0.66-1.14 (3*95+1*35) and control wire core cross-sectional areas of 4 mm2 , 6 mm2 , and 10 mm2 as the specifications for shearer cables, a three-dimensional model of the cable is developed using theta and trajpar functions. A four-field coupling simulation model for the electric, magnetic, and thermal structure of shearer cables is established based on the fundamental principles of electric and magnetic fields, temperature fields, and structural mechanics. At a traction speed of for the shearer, linear section simulation experiments were conducted on the cable. With an increase in the cross-sectional area of the control wire core conductor, the cable's equivalent stress, temperature of the cable conductor, magnetic flux density mode, current density mode, and volume loss density exhibit specific changes. This study focuses on cables of identical specifications and explores the impact of cable section to diameter ratios (4, 5, 6, 7, and 8) on the dynamic characteristics of the cables. The findings indicate that as the cable section to diameter ratio rises, the equivalent force increases, while the temperature decreases, with slight decreases observed in the magnetic flux density mode, current density mode, and volume loss density. An orthogonal experiment was designed to investigate the electromagnetic loss characteristics of cable control cores under various influencing factors. The results suggest that among the three factors of cable section diameter ratio, cross-sectional area, and current carrying capacity, the cross-sectional area significantly affects the magnetic flux density mode, current density mode, and volume loss density of the control wire cores. The experimental results demonstrate that the overall characteristics of the cable are favorable.
Large Language Models in Randomized Controlled Trials Design
Authors: Liu Nan , Jin Liyuan , Ong Jasmine Chiat Ling , Kabilan Elangovan , Ke Yuhe , Pyle Alexandra , Ting Daniel 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

We investigate the potential of large language models (LLMs) in enhancing the design of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to address challenges related to generalizability, recruitment diversity, and failure rates. We selected 20 RCTs for analysis, including both completed and ongoing studies, with a focus on their design aspects such as eligibility criteria, recruitment strategies, interventions, and outcomes measurement. Our evaluation revealed that LLMs can design RCT with 72% overall accuracy. Qualitative assessments indicated that LLM-generated designs were clinically aligned, scoring above 2 on a Likert scale across safety, accuracy, objectivity, pragmatism, inclusivity, and diversity domains. The results highlight LLM's capability to avoid critical safety and ethical issues, suggesting its potential as an assistive tool in RCT design to improve generalizability and reduce failure rates. However, expert oversight and regulatory measures are emphasized as essential to ensure patient safety and ethical conduct in clinical research.
Improving Mechanical Properties of Recycled Aggregate Pervious Concrete Using Taguchi Method
Authors: Hemeda Eslam S. , Bashandy Alaa A. , Nasser Amal A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The construction demolishing is non-degradable. Recycled aggregates were utilized to create sustainable products in pervious concrete manufacture. Adding fiber enhances pervious concrete mechanical properties. High absorption of RA and polyethylene-glycol are used to ensure internal curing. The purpose of this study was to statistically improve mechanical properties of pervious concrete using an experimental investigation. Taguchi method was employed to present DOE (Design of Experiment). Five factors in four levels designed by Taguchi provide sixteen mixes (L16 array). The factors were replacement of coarse aggregates by recycle aggregates, W/C ratio, synthetic macro-fiber, steel fiber and polyethylene-glycol.Designed mixes were prepared. Taguchi analysis concluded; macro-fiber addition has no impact on mechanical properties. 10% recycle aggregates replacement was the optimum ratio. Taguchi analysis allowed prediction of non-experimented results and evaluating mechanical properties values. Prediction of optimum mixes were experimented though confirmation mixes. Confirmation test results were the predicted values within ±10%.
The interplay between multifractal characteristics and seasonal fluctuations within the LNG spot freight rates
Authors: Chen Feier , Yin Shuo , Zhang Jiahang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

This research delves into the complex dynamics of liquefied natural gas (LNG) spot freight rates, exploring the interplay between multifractal characteristics and seasonal fluctuations within the market. By examining the time series data of LNG spot freight rates for vessels with a capacity of 160,000 cubic meters over a period from December 17, 2010, to December 17, 2023, the study employs multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MF-DFA) and multifractal detrending moving average (MF-DMA) techniques to quantify the multifractal dimensions and assess the impact of seasonality on market behavior. The findings reveal a nuanced relationship between the market's inherent complexities and its response to external factors such as geopolitical events and the COVID-19 pandemic, providing valuable insights for stakeholders in the LNG industry and beyond.
Exploring the impact of nature connectedness on well-being among urban youth from 25 mostpopulated cities in India
Authors: Chhajer Raina , Bapat Sudeep 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

In contemporary urban settings, enhancing the well-being of youth is a challenge. The proliferation of screen time, particularlypost-pandemic, has contributed to an alarming disconnection with nature. This study investigates the impact of natureconnectedness on the well-being of urban youth residing in the 25 most populated cities in India. 2283 urban youth respondedto an online survey questionnaire that aimed to assess participants’ exposure to and interaction with nature. Respondentsself-reported their proximity to green and blue spaces near their residences, the frequency of recreational visits to theseareas, time spent in indoor environments, nature connectedness (NIS), and well-being (WHO-5). Multivariate regressionanalysis results show that urban youth with access to both green and blue spaces within 1-kilometer or between 1-3 kilometersradius, along with frequent recreational visits to these spaces, reported a significant positive association with well-being.Additionally, spending less than 8 hours in indoor environments and a high nature connectedness score had a significantpositive association with well-being. Moreover, logistic regression analysis shows that urban youth with WHO-5 scores lessthan 13, considered mentally distressed, who have access to both green and blue spaces within 1 kilometer or access to greenspaces between 1-3 kilometers, along with frequent recreational visits to these spaces, and a high nature connectednessscore, increases their log-odds of well-being significantly. This study conducted in the 25 most populated cities, representsa comprehensive exploration of the impact of nature connectedness on well-being in India. The implications of the studyextend to policy recommendations, advocating for the development of more parks in close proximity to residential areas. Suchinitiatives aim to encourage urban youth to actively engage with and experience nature, fostering improved well-being andreduced distress levels.
WITHDRAWN: Suicide or self-preservation：C2H2 Zinc Finger Protein ZNF775 inhibits MCF-7 breast cancer cell migration by downregulating Wnt5a
Authors: Zhu Xin , Gong Wei , Zhang Wenwu , Song Xiaoyu , Hu Junjie , Xu Weihua , Ma Zhichao , Xiao Bin , Li Linhai , Chen Xinping 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The full text of this preprint has been withdrawn by the authors while they make corrections to the work. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference. Questions should be directed to the corresponding author.
A non-inferiority trial comparing the accuracy of classifying urinary gram-stain findings between an artificial intelligence smartphone-based application and microbiology specialists
Authors: Yamamoto Kei , Ohji Goh , Miyatsuka Isao , Furui-Ebisawa Kei , Moriya Ataru , Maeta Shogo , Nomoto Hidetoshi , Kurokawa Masami , Ohnuma Kenichiro , Kusuki Mari , Uemura Yukari , Ohmagari Norio 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Gram staining results interpreted by microbiology specialists (MS) were compared to a developed computer-aided diagnosis system (CAD) using artificial intelligence for interpretation.
Methods
Using a non-inferiority study, CAD-predicted Gram stain results, generated from images of an iPhone camera in two hospitals, were compared to those of MS, between 1 April and 31 December 2022. The prediction accuracies, classified as Class 1 based on the bacterial morphology, were the primary endpoint. The datasets were created according to the separate hospitals; 10 MS interpreted 153 images from each hospital. CAD predicted 306 images overall.
Results
The accuracies (95% confidence intervals) of MS and CAD predictions were 83.0% (81.6–84.3) and 87.9% (83.7–91.3), respectively; with a difference of –4.93% (–8.43 to –0.62), indicating non-inferiority of CAD.
Conclusions
Non-inferiority of CAD to MS predictions was demonstrated; therefore, CAD urine Gram staining can be used to select empirical antibiotics in facilities without MS.
Machine learning and nomogram novel prognostic models based on LODDS for elderly breast cancer
Authors: Ma Rufei 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Purpose Breast cancer (BC) is a common malignant tumor in women worldwide. This study is based on three machine learning (RF, XgBoost and GBM) and nomogram to explore the survival prognosis of positive lymph node logarithmic ratio (LODDS), lymph node ratio (LNR) in elderly BC.
Methods Information on elderly BC from 2010 to 2015 was collected from the SEER database, and clinical and pathological information on 23,893 elderly BC patients were included through screening criteria and randomized 7:3 into a training set and a test set. Univariate, multivariate cox regression and LASSO regression analyses were used to determine the prognostic factors, on the basis of which nomogram and machine learning models were constructed. The predictive efficacy of the models was evaluated by c-index and AUC.
Results 14 indicators Age, Marital, Grade, Subtype, Estrogen receptor (ER), Progesterone receptor (PR), Stage, T, N, Radiation, LODDS, bone metastasis, brain metastasis and liver metastasis as independent prognostic factors affecting CSS in older BC. The prognostic optimal cutoff values for age and LODDS were determined based on ROC, respectively 75 and 0.06. Fourteen variables were included in the model to construct Cox, RF, XgBoost and GBM models. The best predictive efficacy of the RF prognostic model was found by calculating C-index and AUC (C-index=0.811, AUC=0.881).
Conclusion LODDS staging has a better survival prognosis in older BC. Three machine learning and nomogram models are constructed based on the SEER database of elderly BC patients, which can intuitively predict the survival probability of elderly BC patients.
Investigation on Permeability Behavior of Open and Dense Graded Asphalt Mixes and Their Effect on Surface Runoff
Authors: Lokesh Yateen , Parate Harshad R , M Rajashekhar Swamy H , T Shreyas 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Effectively managing stormwater runoff is crucial for minimizing the adverse impact of heavy rainfall events such as flooding and irrecoverable damages in asphalt pavements. To optimize stormwater management strategies and prevent flooding of roads and streets, it is essential to understand the structural, functional and durability behavior of both dense and open graded bituminous pavements under adverse rainfall conditions. The present study aimed to investigate a trial/Selected Grade (SG), Open Graded Friction Course (OGFC) as per IRC: 129-2019 and Bituminous Concrete Grade-2 (BC-2) with VG-40, PMB-40, and CRMB-55 as binders. Additionally, pelletized cellulose fibers (0.3% by weight of aggregates) and induction sensitive steel fibers (5% by weight of aggregates) were used only in SG and OGFC mixes for the study. The Marshall specimens prepared for the mentioned mixes were subjected to various laboratory tests to investigate and compare the structural, functional and durability characteristics. The laboratory results obtained were later used to compare, simulate and observe the behavior of the mentioned mixes to manage surface runoff and curb urban flooding using SCS Curve Number Method and QSWAT3-1.6.5 software. Koramangala in Bangalore city was selected as the potentially flood prone zone among 10 severely vulnerable zones and 19 moderately vulnerable zones for simulation based on Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike’s (BBMP’s) urban flood report for the year 2020-21. The research findings indicates that BC-2 possessed 25.11% better Marshall Stability and 2.65% better Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS) compared to the open graded mixes (OGFC and SG) with CRMB-55 as binder. It was also observed that BC-2 had 7.11% more resistance to moisture compared to open graded mixes (OGFC and SG) with CRMB-55 as binder. On the contrary, among the open graded mixes, OGFC indicated 91.66% and 81.26% better permeability and abrasion resistance respectively compared to BC-2 mix. Based on the rainfall simulation conducted it was observed that the surface runoff on BC-2 mix using SCS Curve Number Method was 42.18% and using QSWAT3-1.6.5 software was 31.25% more than the open graded mixes considered for the study. The simulation also indicated that BC-2 mix had 30.07% more discharge than the open graded mixes. It was also observed that open graded mixes had 65.70% more infiltration compared to BC-2 mix. The research concludes that the open graded mixes are comparatively less strong than BC-2 mix but, on the contrary performs better in curbing urban floods and hence could be considered as a sustainable infrastructure solution.
Time-Frequency Analysis of Acoustic Backscattering In Tubing Structures: FPGA Implementation and Pareto Solution Optimization
Authors: mhamed hadji , elhanaoui abdelkader , skouri rachid , agounad said 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

This work presents recent research on the analysis of backscattered acoustic signals in thinner metallic tubing structures. We have devised a time-frequency algorithm tailored for FPGA utilization. We employed a novel method to implement a model for processing acoustic backscattered signals on the DE1 SOC, benefiting from its customizability, high performance, low latency, and energy efficiency. They are well-suited for real-time and computationally intensive applications where traditional computing platforms may fall short. In this paper, we focus on a Pareto solution to address problems involving multiple conflicting objectives, including time-frequency resolution, overlapping, real-time , and power consumption.. The study utilizes the reassigned smoothed pseudo Wigner-Ville analysis method to mitigate cross-term effects and achieve high-resolution spectral results leveraging the digital filtering method that plays a pivotal role in delineating the temporal contributions of individual circumferential waves within the comprehensive temporal signal. Our strategic approach not only contributes to the formation of the acoustic signature for the scrutinized structure but also, through the integration of Pareto solutions, optimally balances time–frequency clarity. The obtained findings suggest that the time–frequency representation and modal identification plane can serve as a viable alternative to the conventional modes theory, especially when dealing with homogeneous structures.
Atomic insights into the signaling landscape of E. coli PhoQ Histidine Kinase from Molecular Dynamics simulations
Authors: Lazaridi Symela , Yuan Jing , Lemmin Thomas 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Bacteria rely on two-component systems to sense environmental cues and regulate gene expression for adaptation. The PhoQ/PhoP system exemplifies this crucial role, playing a key part in sensing magnesium (Mg2+) levels, antimicrobial peptides, mild acidic pH, osmotic upshift, and long-chain unsaturated fatty acids, promoting virulence in certain bacterial species. However, the precise details of PhoQ activation remain elusive. To elucidate PhoQ's signaling mechanism at atomic resolution, we combined AlphaFold2 predictions with molecular modeling and carried out extensive Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations. Our MD simulations revealed three distinct PhoQ conformations that were validated by experimental data. Notably, one conformation was characterized by Mg2+ bridging the acidic patch in the sensor domain to the membrane, potentially representing a repressed state. Furthermore, the high hydration observed in a putative intermediate state lends support to the hypothesis of water-mediated conformational changes during PhoQ signaling. Our findings not only revealed specific conformations within the PhoQ signaling pathway, but also hold significant promise for understanding the broader histidine kinase family due to their shared structural features. Our approach paves the way for a more comprehensive understanding of histidine kinase signaling mechanisms across various bacterial species and opens the door for developing novel therapeutics that target PhoQ modulation.
Evolution of One Health Agenda: A Review and Comparative Study of Global Health Discussions Pre and Post- COVID-19 Pandemic at the World Health Assemblies.
Authors: Sleem Adham , Dafallah Ibrahim , Nnagha Ekene , Rim Sehee , Boardman Sally 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
One Health is a health intervention framework that seeks to reinforce the health impacts of cross-cutting interactions between humans, animals, and the environment. Recently, with the increased number of emerging zoonotic diseases catalyzed by factors such as climate change, a renewed One Health approach emerged in global health dialog and strategies. The aim of this report was to assess the integration of new understanding of One Health in global health policy discussions and dialogs, reflecting initiatives and strategies for One Health from various countries around the world.
Methods:
We conducted a comparative study to track the frequency of member states, World Health Organization (WHO) staff, and nonstate actors addressing the One Health approach while addressing agenda items throughout the 72nd and 75th World Health Assemblies (WHA) (the last pre-COVID and first post-COVID World Health Assemblies, respectively), followed by a quantitative analysis of information, taking into account entity mentioning, specification, agenda item, details, and type of intervention. Additionally, we conducted a mini-literature review to offer a brief yet insightful summary of key references relevant to our work.
Results:
In 2019, the majority of the statements were made by Member States (90%), with just three statements from Non-State Actors and one from WHO staff on One Health in 2022; member states still dominated with 78.4%, but we saw a 9% increase in statements by WHO staff. Notably, from 2019 to 2022, the number of WHA statements mentioning one health status increased 1.6-fold, from 31 to 51. In 2022, statements for One Health appeared in diverse agenda points, such as governance and human resources for health and infectious and vector-borne diseases.
Conclusion:
The emergence of COVID-19, a zoonotic disease, stressed the importance of One Health for human health and might be a reason for the increase in interest in calls for One Health education and research as a way to prevent new zoonotic pandemics and environmental sustainability. One Health education and research initiatives are vital in preparing the healthcare workforce to respond to infectious diseases, as evidenced by the increased interest following COVID-19.