bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract A40: An institutional strategy to increase minority recruitment to therapeutic trials
Authors: Anwuri Victoria V , Hall Lannis E. , Mathews Katherine , Springer Brian C. , Tappenden Jennifer R. , Farria Dione M. , Jackson Sherrill , Eberlein Timothy J. , Coldtiz Graham A. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Purpose: Participation in therapeutic clinical trials rarely reflects the race and ethnic composition of the patient population. To meet NIH-mandated goals, strategies to increase participation are required. Here, we present a framework for institutional enhancement of minority clinical trial accrual that provides linkages to other interventions. We report implementation of this framework at the Siteman Cancer Center, an NCI-designated Comprehensive Cancer Center.
Methods: We implemented structural changes on four levels to induce and sustain minority accrual to clinical trials: 1) leadership support, 2) center-wide policy change, 3) infrastructural process control, data analysis and reporting and 4) follow up with clinical investigators. The Protocol Review and Monitoring Committee (PRMC) reviews studies and monitors accrual, and the Program for the Elimination Cancer Disparities (PECaD) leads efforts for proportional accrual, supporting the system through data tracking and web tools.
Results: Following implementation in 2005, minority accrual to trials (therapeutic and nontherapeutic) increased from 13.7% in 2005, to 14.4% in 2006,15.9% in 2007 and 16.8% in 2008. The “rolling average” minority cancer incidence at the Cancer Center during this four-year timeframe was 17.3%. There has been an increase in the number of minorities participating in clinical trials in the years 2005 to 2008 (from 346 to 630,82%) compared to a 43% increase in the number of Caucasians during the same time period. Minority accrual in therapeutic clinical trials increased from 11.4% to 14.6%.
Conclusion: Implementing a system to aid investigators in planning and establishing targets for accrual, while requiring this component as a part of annual protocol review and monitoring accrual, offers a successful strategy that can be replicated in other cancer centers. This approach may also be extendable to other clinical and translational centers.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010;19(10 Suppl):A40.
Abstract A49: Colorectal cancer screening practices by race and physician specialty
Authors: Phillips Karon L. , Doubeni Chyke 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Primary care physicians play a critical role in the provision of colorectal cancer screening. Differences in CRC screening practices among PCP may contribute to underutilization of CRC screening. Low colorectal cancer screening rates may be attributed to the differences in screening practices among primary care physicians (PCPs). These screening practices may also account for racial disparities in colorectal cancer. The purpose of this study was to compare the colorectal cancer screening practices of black and white Medicare beneficiaries based on the type primary care provider that they had. Study data were obtained from Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey (MCBS) with matched Medicare claims. There were a total of 3666 Medicare beneficiaries included in the study, aged 50 to 75, identified as white or black, and “usually” received care from an internist, family physician, or general practitioner. Two-year longitudinal survey weights were used in all the analyses. Colorectal cancer screening was defined as having had a sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy within five years and/or a home fecal occult blood test within one year. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression analyses were performed with stratification by the race of the beneficiary and the physician specialty. Compared to internist, a significantly lower proportion of beneficiaries that received care from a family physician or a general practitioner had undergone colorectal cancer screening or knew that Medicare provided reimbursement for screenings. Both black and white beneficiaries that had a family physician or general practitioner as their PCP were less likely to undergo screening and less likely receive a recommendation for screening and they were also less likely to know that Medicare helps pay for testing. However, when the analyses were stratified by physician specialty using a specialty-race interaction term, compared to whites, blacks receiving care from a family physician or a general practitioner were less likely to receive a recommendation for a colonoscopy. These results indicate that family physicians and general practitioners may be providing lower quality care regarding colorectal cancer screening services, compared to internists.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010;19(10 Suppl):A49.
Abstract A5: Structural equation modeling analysis associated with prostate cancer screening among Chinese American Men
Authors: Ma Grace X , Wang Min Q. , Gao Wanzhen , Shive Steven E. , Toubbeh Jamil I. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Introduction: In Asian countries, the reported incidence rate and its subsequent mortality have been on the rise. Asian Americans have increased prostate cancer rates over those of Asians in their native lands. Chinese represent the largest ethnic group among Asian Americans, but there is lack of studies regarding their behavior in prostate cancer (PCa) screening. The purpose of this community based study was to develop a structural equation model for factors contributing to prostate cancer screening among Chinese American men.
Methods: A cross-sectional design included a sample of 163 Chinese men age 50 and older. The initial step involved use of confirmatory factor analysis. Structural equation model analyses were conducted on factors for prostate cancer screening.
Results: Education, annual income, and health insurance status were significantly related to PCa screening. Those with less than a high school education, low annual incomes, and without health insurance were more likely to be “never screened” for PCa than those having more education, higher annual income, and health insurance. The path analysis findings also lent support for components of the Sociocultural Model and indicated that there was a positive and significant relationship between PCa screening and the enabling factors, between cultural factors and predisposing, enabling, and access/satisfaction with health care factors and between enabling factors and access/satisfaction with health care.
Conclusions: The model highlights the significance that sociocultural factors play in relation to PCa screening and reinforces the need to assist Chinese men with poor English fluency in translation and awareness of PCa screening.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010;19(10 Suppl):A5.
Abstract A70: Crafting a collaborative agenda to create health equality: Outcomes from a cancer survivorship research roundtable
Authors: Chapman Mandi , Gilyard Amina L. , Patierno Steven 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
The George Washington University Cancer Institute's (GWCI) Center for the Advancement of Cancer Survivorship, Navigation and Policy (caSNP) hosted a research roundtable in which oncology and policy leaders gathered to identify significant barriers to equitable survivorship care and create recommendations to reduce health disparities among cancer survivors, particularly for underserved populations.
Procedure: Twenty-four leaders in the fields of oncology and health policy were invited to attend the 2009 Cancer Survivorship Research and Health Disparities Symposium. The following day, the experts convened to discuss three core topics: 1) Primary barriers to optimal survivorship for underserved groups; 2) Research strategies that have been most effective in reaching and helping underserved communities in promoting wellness and addressing other chronic diseases that require long-term follow-up; 3) Research, resources, and measures needed to establish efficient, effective, sustainable models to provide survivorship care to underserved populations. These topics were predetermined based on feedback from the symposium that occurred the previous day.
Summary of Data: Three areas of research focus needed to reduce health inequalities in cancer survivorship emerged from the roundtable discussion: improved physician-patient communication, transition from active care, and late effects of cancer treatment. Experts were divided into three groups and each group was assigned the task of addressing one of the primary areas of focus. Groups presented their findings in the form of a request for proposals (RFP). Mock-RFPs included culturally-tailored communication interventions to improve patient understanding of his/her diagnosis and treatment options; comparative effectiveness studies to study the impact of longitudinal patient navigation on patient-reported health outcomes; and the need for evidence-based guidelines for screening and management of long-term effects of cancer.
Conclusions: In order to help researchers conduct studies that work to reduce health and quality of life inequities among survivor populations, the panel recommends the following guidelines: Community-based research designs should incorporate insights from the population(s) under study; The development and use of culturally-specific communication methods and evaluation tools; Research to improve physician-patient communication and patient-centered care; Research and training to improve cultural competence among health care professionals; Research on the outcomes and comparative effectiveness of navigation models, survivorship care planning and survivorship program models; Research to develop evidence-based management of cancer survivors and guidelines for survivorship care planning.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010;19(10 Suppl):A70.
Abstract A76: Cancer control outcomes in Asian Americans: Using secondary data from large surveys to investigate populations with limited sample
Authors: Chou Wen-ying Sylvia , Oh April , Shariff-Marco Salma , Moser Richard M. , Srinivasan Shobha 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Background: Cancer control researchers studying Asian Americans face many challenges in utilizing/analyzing health survey data due to limited sample sizes and population heterogeneity resulting in underrepresented in many health surveys. National-level initiatives have begun to address this problem, including a recent White House initiative to increase representation of Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders in research, data-collection, and analysis on AAPI populations and subpopulations. Within public health and specifically behavioral epidemiology, identifying and triangulating sources of data on Asian Americans can illuminate facilitate better understanding of health outcomes as well as behavioral mediators and moderators impacting this population.
Purpose of Study: This project examines federal and state health surveys relevant to cancer control to: 1) identify sources and types of Asian American data, 2) identify the gaps in behavioral research in Asian Americans and 3) facilitate research in Asian American cancer health disparities. Special attention is paid to measurement of cancer control and prevention, including relevant health behaviors and social determinants.
Method: Publically available health surveys including Asian-Americans will be presented and discussed, including but not limited to: the National Health Interview Survey, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, Health Information National Trends Survey, the Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey, and the California Health Interview Survey. The analysis identifies how Asian Americans are reported and classified and highlights behavioral constructs relevant to cancer incidence and mortality. Differences between surveys will be presented along with an applied example of how data from different surveys may be merged together to create larger sample sizes to increase analytic power.
Discussion: The results of this project will demonstrate the utility of using multiple data sets to better understand cancer-related outcomes in Asian American populations. The applied example of a combined analysis will address analytic challenges and opportunities in studying populations with small sample sizes and with heterogeneous sub-groups using available nationally representative data. Finally, we will discuss ways in which the available data can illuminate gaps in behavioral research in cancer control among Asian Americans.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010;19(10 Suppl):A76.
Abstract A94: Multidisciplinary team approach improves breast cancer survival in minority women
Authors: Beech Derrick J. , Atanda Abiola , Weatherspoon Beverly 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Background: Approximately 192,370 women were diagnosed with breast cancer in the United States in 2009. This represents approximately 1 in 8 American women facing the challenge of Breast Cancer therapy in their lifetime. Further, more than 40,000 women will die of breast cancer annually. These statistics represent a significant improvement in the U.S. mortality rate for breast cancer. There continues to be a disparity in outcome from breast cancer with a significantly lower survival in African American women and the uninsured. Our multidisciplinary treatment team includes physicians, nurse navigator and clinical trials specialist are all focused on optimizing multimodal treatment, clinical trial participation, improved quality of life and survival.
Methods: All patients with invasive breast cancer diagnosed between 2004 and 2008 at our inner city, public safety-net hospital were included in this evaluation. Each patient had a confirmed histological diagnosis of breast adenocarcinoma. Patient demographic data, tumor staging, treatment and outcomes/survival were evaluated. Tumor Registry Data from our institution was compared to data from the National Cancer Database for the above mentioned time period. All patients at our hospital were treated by the same clinicians and staff utilizing a multidisciplinary team approach.
Results: There were 120 patients included in this study during the 5 year period. Of these, 4 patients were men. The majority of patients were between age 40 and 60. Our patients were significantly younger at initial diagnosis compared to the national findings. The ethnic distribution of our patient population: 54% African American, 41 % Caucasian, 3% Asian, 1 % American Indian, and 2% other. Evaluation of our payer status demonstrated that approximately 30% of our patients were self-pay and 32% indigent. Only 5% of our patients were insured with managed care organizations and less than 1% had private insurance.
Conclusion: Carefully coordinated multidisciplinary team management of patients with breast cancer resulted in improved clinical outcomes regardless of the patient's ethnicity or insurance status. Implementation of best practice protocols (coordinate multidisciplinary team management; nurse navigator and a vibrant clinical trials program) should become standard at all Community hospitals and academic medical centers, particularly medical facilities serving minority and uninsured patients.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010;19(10 Suppl):A94.
Abstract B10: Nueva Vida: A support network for Latinas with cancer model and system of care delivery with an eye to community participatory research
Authors: Caicedo Larisa , BrintzenhofeSzoc Karlynn , Zabora James R. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Nueva Vida's (NV) goal is to help translate research into practice in the Latino community to shape evidence based practices and influence health policy while communicating the real needs of Latina breast cancer survivors to the scientific community.
NV was founded in 1996 by Latina breast cancer survivors and health professionals to address the lack of culturally sensitive cancer support services for Latinas in the Washington, DC area. The mission of NV is to inform, support, and empower Latinas whose lives are affected by cancer, and to advocate for and facilitate the timely access to state of the art cancer care, including screening, diagnosis, and treatment for all Latinas. Since NV's inception, research participation, development, and implementation are integral to the system of care developed and provided in the community to Latina's with breast cancer. Specifically, NV's involvement in community participatory research enables the organization to influence the research agenda about breast cancer in the Latina community, particularly in the fields of psycho-oncology and access to care. NV's prioritization of research in its service delivery model provides an increased opportunity for the enrollment of Latinas in meaningful research on breast cancer with the goal of increasing not only access but awareness of the unique needs of this population. NV's pioneering programs and expertise serving uninsured/underserved Latinas with breast cancer places the agency in the role as a reliable source and key partner to work with the scientific community in the planning, designing, and development of relevant research.
Nueva Vida's collaboration with respected research institutions has led to the publication of research portraying critical demographic, clinical, and psychosocial information about minority survivor's behavior. NV has acquired an important presence in the consumer cancer advocacy movement at the national level, bringing the voice of Latinas with cancer to influential tables where research and health policy are shaped.
NV's research model not only sets a precedent for community research, but also establishes a better understanding of a historically misrepresented and misunderstood minority population in cancer research in the United States. NV's model of community participatory research documents best practice of service delivery which can be disseminated to other Latino communities and minorities across the United States.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010;19(10 Suppl):B10.
Abstract B100: Regional predictors of smoking status in three cities in Tennessee
Authors: Patel Kushal A. , Liu Jianguo , Kenerson Donna , Sanderson Maureen , Hargreaves Margaret 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Background: Smoking is one of the leading causes of premature mortality worldwide and remains the leading cause of preventable death in the United States. Smoking is a major risk factor for lung cancer and a risk factor for other types of cancers including cancers of the throat, mouth, bladder, pancreas, and cervix. Despite overall lower smoking rates, African Americans have a higher incidence and mortality from lung cancer.
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine regional predictors of smoking status among African American residents of Nashville, Chattanooga, and Memphis. The goal was to use this information to culturally and geographically tailor smoking cessation programs and to improve understanding of regional differences in smoking rates.
Methods: As part of the Meharry Community Networks Program (CNP) needs assessment, a 123-item community survey was administered to assess demographic characteristics, smoking status, health care access and utilization, and lifestyle behaviors in low-income African Americans. Participants were recruited from African American communities in Nashville, Chattanooga, and Memphis. The final sample size was 1,118. The primary outcome of interest was smoking status.
Results: The smoking rates in Nashville, Memphis, and Chattanooga were 45%, 36%, and 22% respectively. Several demographic and lifestyle variables were associated with smoking. For example, smokers were more likely to be males, have a high school or less education, have annual household incomes &lt;$15,000, have no health insurance, consume at least one alcoholic drink in the past month, and be exposed to smoke at home. Being exposed to smoke at home and alcohol use were the only common predictors of smoking status across the three cities. A logistic regression was used to ascertain potential explanations for differences in smoking rates between Nashville and Memphis, and Chattanooga and Memphis. The comparison city was Memphis because its smoking rates were lower than the other two cities. These analyses revealed that alcohol use, overeating more than once a week, annual household income, and making at least one medical visit in the past 12-months were potential contributors of differences in smoking rates between the cities.
Discussion: Information about regional similarities and differences in predictors to smoking status can be used to develop culturally and geographically tailored smoking cessation programs.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010;19(10 Suppl):B100.
Abstract B101: Cervical cancer screening along the U.S./Mexico border
Authors: Thompson Beti , Vilchis Hugo , Moran Crystal , Coronado Gloria D. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Latinas are at nearly double the risk for cervical cancer than non-Hispanic whites (NHW). The problem is especially severe in the border communities between Mexico and the United States. The border region includes some of the poorest areas in the United States and health services in the region remain scarce. Cervical cancer rates among the border population are high.
In this project, we worked with three local health care systems that provide services to the poor and underserved along the New Mexican/Mexican border. One system was the intervention health care system, while the other two were controls. We obtained names from the intervention clinic system of women who were out of compliance with pap testing; that is, they had not had a pap for three or more years. Promotoras (lay health workers) in the clinic system were trained to contact the non-compliant women. We prepared a PowerPoint presentation that described cervical cancer, explained how cervical cancer spread, and showed a brief video of a cartoon woman receiving a pap test. The PowerPoint was developed as a result of focus group discussions and was approved by the promotoras. The promotoras (lay health workers) went to the homes of the non-compliant women and used the PowerPoint presentation to educate the women about the importance of pap testing; they also helped arrange clinic appointments for women to receive pap testing.
A total of 198 non-compliant women in the intervention clinic system were contacted. Of these, 78% received pap testing within six months of being contacted. A baseline survey asked the women about knowledge of and attitudes toward cervical cancer screening. Data suggest that knowledge was not linked to compliance with pap testing. A final survey suggested that women who did not receive pap testing intended to be tested in the next six months. Comparisons with the control clinic is currently being made.
The project supports the idea that border women can be motivated to receive cervical cancer screening. Given that Latinas are at high risk for cervical cancer and given that a promotora approach is common in the border communities of New Mexico, this study shows that screening for cervical cancer can be increased among women at high risk. This approach may be useful in other border communities.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010;19(10 Suppl):B101.