bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Home‐visit nurses' attitudes for providing effective assistance to clients with schizophrenia
Authors: Katakura Naoko , Yamamoto‐Mitani Noriko , Ishigaki Kazuko 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTThere were two objectives of this study. The first was to identify the attitudes of home‐visit nurses towards clients with schizophrenia that lead to the provisions of effective care and positive client outcomes for clients with schizophrenia. The second was to develop a framework to understand how nurses acquire nursing attitudes that lead to such provisions. Seven expert home‐visit nurses who had successfully prevented rehospitalization of clients with schizophrenia for more than 2 years were interviewed. In the semistructured interviews, the nurses described their experiences in assisting one or two clients. Data were analyzed qualitatively. The central theme was having equal footing with the client. An effective nursing attitude was acquired through recognizing one's own preconceptions of clients with schizophrenia through two steps: encountering unexpected client behaviours and becoming aware of one's problematic care. For these clients, it was essential that the nurses reflect on their preconceptions towards clients with schizophrenia and alter these preconceptions by working with the clients and believing in their innate ability to live in the community. The findings suggest that the field of mental health home‐visit nursing might benefit from adding these educational components in order to cultivate effective nursing attitudes for assisting clients with schizophrenia.
Community mental health centres: A qualitative study of professionals' experiences
Authors: Elstad Toril Anne , Hellzén Ove 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTThis article presents findings from a qualitative study of mental health work in community mental health centres with a multiprofessional workforce and aims of active user participation in the service. User participation implies collaborative relationships and different roles than that of expert professionals and dependent patients. How do professionals working in these services experience their work and professional role? This question was explored in order to highlight important aspects of community mental health work. A group of six experienced professionals from three community mental health centres in a Norwegian city were interviewed twice. The informants highlighted the complexity of community mental health work and the need to be flexible when working to support people with mental health problems in their everyday life situation. To see the service users as people and to facilitate social interaction was important. Their work was described as ‘liberating’ compared to working in institutions. However, although in their experience they found that professional knowledge and skills were important in their work situation, all had experienced that this was not always acknowledged by professionals in other services.
Coming out to talk about suicide: Gay men and suicidality
Authors: McAndrew Sue , Warne Tony 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTInternational studies report increased rates of mental health problems and subsequent suicidality among homosexual populations. While international health‐care policy is concerned with reducing suicide among young people, important research findings relating to gay people and suicidality remain unacknowledged in the Suicide Prevention Strategy for England. This qualitative study, utilizing single case studies, was used to gain an in‐depth understanding of the life experiences contributing to the suicidality of four gay men. The methodology was psychoanalytically informed, using free association narrative interviewing. The initial data analysis involved interpretation of each of the case studies and a subsequent analysis exploring the shared experiences found in each of the individual narratives. Thematically, these are described as ‘knowing and not knowing’, ‘the centrality of the father–son relationship’, ‘the loneliness of outsiderness’, ‘leading a double life’, and ‘crime and punishment’. The significance of the life experiences these themes illustrate reveal why some gay men might not only experience long‐term mental health problems, but also engage in suicidality. Individually and collectively, the analyses provide important insights for mental health nurses becoming more attuned to provide sensitive mental health care to those who have a gay sexual orientation.
Barriers and facilitators to the utilization of adult mental health services by Australia's Indigenous people: Seeking a way forward
Authors: Isaacs Anton Neville , Pyett Priscilla , Oakley‐Browne Mark A. , Gruis Hilton , Waples‐Crowe Peter 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTMental disorders are the second leading cause of disease burden among Australia's Indigenous people after cardiovascular disease. Yet Indigenous people do not access mental health services in proportion to their need. This paper explores the barriers and facilitators for Indigenous people seeking mental health services in Australia and identifies key elements in the development and maintenance of partnerships for improved service delivery and future research. The process of seeking help for mental illness has been conceptualized as four consecutive steps starting from recognizing that there is a problem to actually contacting the mental health service. We have attempted to explore the factors affecting each of these stages. While people in the general population experience barriers across all four stages of the process of seeking treatment for a mental disorder, there are many more barriers for Indigenous people at the stage of actually contacting a mental health service. These include a history of racism and discrimination and resultant lack of trust in mainstream services, misunderstandings due to cultural and language differences, and inadequate measures to reduce the stigma associated with mental illness. Further research is required to understand the mental health literacy of Indigenous people, their different perceptions of mental health and well‐being, issues around stigma, and the natural history of mental illness among Indigenous people who do not access any form of professional help. Collaborations between mainstream mental health services and Aboriginal organizations have been promoted as a way to conduct research into developing appropriate services for Indigenous people.
Once‐a‐week psychiatric ward round or daily inpatient team meeting? A multidisciplinary mental health team's experience of new ways of working
Authors: Fiddler Magdalen , Borglin Gunilla , Galloway Adrian , Jackson Carl , McGowan Linda , Lovell Karina 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTEvidence indicates that while service users are dissatisfied with current ward round practices, studies of how professionals experience this practice are sparse. This study highlights staff view of the once‐a‐week psychiatric ward round compared to a reformed ward round taking place every weekday. Interviews were conducted at one acute psychiatric ward in north‐west England. Our analysis revealed a core theme, ‘forming a new way of working’, which could be understood from three themes. The theme, ‘bound by tradition’, emphasized how the traditional ward round represented a double‐edged sword: it provided a safe structure, but it also highlighted a shared awareness of an urgent need to leave old ways of working behind. The process of change became discernable in the themes ‘juggling the change’ and ‘light at the end of the tunnel’, which showed that restructuring the traditional ward round was both possible and valued. We found that staff views on ward rounds are more complex than had been earlier understood, but new ways of working can be implemented, if the impact of tradition, the process of change, and the time to bed down are taken into account.
Detainment and health: The case of the Lebanese hostages of war
Authors: Farhood Laila F. , Chaaya Monique , Saab Bassem Roberto 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTThe purpose of the current research was to compare former detainees of Khiam prison to a comparison group regarding depression, anxiety, presence of chronic diseases, smoking, and alcohol drinking. The sample consisted of 118 ex‐detainees and 90 community controls. The Beck Depression Inventory, the Hamilton Anxiety Scale, the Clinician‐Administered Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder Scale, and the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire were used. The ex‐detainees suffered from an increased level of depression, high anxiety scores, increased chronic diseases, smoked more, and consumed more alcohol than their comparison group. Regression analyses showed that detainment independently predicted depression and anxiety.
A guide for mental health clinicians to develop and undertake benchmarking activities
Authors: Cleary Michelle , Hunt Glenn E. , Walter Garry , Tong Lizabeth 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTThere is a growing expectation for staff to participate in benchmarking activities. If benchmarking projects are to be successful, managers and clinicians need to be aware of the steps involved. In this article, we identify key aspects of benchmarking and consider how clinicians and managers can respond to and meet contemporary requirements for the development of sound benchmarking relationships. Practicalities and issues that must be considered by benchmarking teams are also outlined. Before commencing a benchmarking project, ground rules and benchmarking agreements must be developed and ratified. An understandable benchmarking framework is required: one that is sufficiently robust for clinicians to engage in benchmarking activities and convince others that benchmarking has taken place. There is a need to build the capacity of clinicians in relation to benchmarking.
Brain–gut communication via vagus nerve modulates conditioned flavor preference
Authors: Uematsu Akira , Tsurugizawa Tomokazu , Uneyama Hisayuki , Torii Kunio 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIt is well known that the postingestive effect modulates subsequent food preference. We previously showed that monosodium L‐glutamate (MSG) can increase flavor preference by its postingestive effect. The neural pathway involved in mediating this effect, however, remains unknown. We show here the role of the vagus nerve in acquiring this learned flavor preference and in the brain’s response to intragastric glutamate infusion. Adult rats with an intragastric cannula underwent total abdominal branch vagotomies (TVX), common hepatic branch vagotomies (HVX), total abdominal branch vagotomies with the common hepatic branch intact (TVXh), or sham operations (Sham). Following recovery, rats were subjected to a conditioned flavor preference paradigm, in which they drank a flavored solution (CS+) paired with intragastric MSG or another flavored solution (CS−) paired with intragastric distilled water. After conditioning, the Sham and HVX groups demonstrated significantly higher intake of CS+ than CS−, whereas the TVXh and TVX groups showed no significant differences. We then conducted an fMRI study to identify the brain areas that responded to the intragastric glutamate in each group. In the Sham, HVX and TVXh groups, intragastric MSG significantly increased the BOLD intensity in the nucleus of the solitary tract. The amygdala, hippocampus and lateral hypothalamus were also activated in the Sham and HVX groups but not in the TVXh and TVX groups. These results indicate that the abdominal vagus nerve is necessary for acquiring preference and that the lateral hypothalamus and limbic system could be key areas for integrating the information on gut glutamate and oronasal stimuli.
Connectivity, non‐random extinction and ecosystem function in experimental metacommunities
Authors: Staddon Philip , Lindo Zoë , Crittenden Peter D. , Gilbert Francis , Gonzalez Andrew 
Published: March 2010

Ecology Letters(2010) 13: 543–552AbstractThe spatial insurance hypothesis indicates that connectivity is an important attribute of natural ecosystems that sustains both biodiversity and ecosystem function. We tested the hypothesis by measuring the impact of manipulating connectivity in experimental metacommunties of a natural and diverse microecosystem. Isolation led to the extinction of large‐bodied apex predators, subsequently followed by increases in prey species abundance. This trophic cascade was associated with significantly altered carbon and nitrogen fluxes in fragmented treatments. The ecosystem impacts were characteristic of a function debt because they persisted for several generations after the initial loss of connectivity. Local extinctions and disruption of ecosystem processes were mitigated, and even reversed, by the presence of corridors in the connected metacommunities, although these beneficial effects were unexpectedly delayed. We hypothesized that corridors maintained grazer movement between fragments, which enhanced microbial activity, and decomposition in comparison to isolated fragments. Our results indicate that knowledge of habitat connectivity and spatial processes is essential to understand the magnitude and timing of ecosystem perturbation in fragmented landscapes.
The Sound of Berlin: Subculture and the Global Music Industry
Authors: BADER INGO , SCHARENBERG ALBERT 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn recent years, Berlin has become a ‘world media city’. Our thesis is that a key reason for this development can be found in its dynamic subculture. In the 1990s the club and music scene thrived, in particular in the deindustrializing inner‐city areas, thereby paving the way for large media and music corporations to move to Berlin. The rise of the Berlin techno and electronic music scene, and recently also of hip‐hop, to a successful cultural district, is therefore closely connected to the urban transformation since the fall of the Berlin Wall, as well as to the increasing importance of the ‘creative class’ in the local economy. The article examines the connections between the specific local urban environment of the city and the development and rise of its creative and subcultural milieus. The relation between subculture and the music industry, however, cannot simply be described as a commodification of underground and its use as a brand name. Rather, it highlights the fact that flexible integration of the creative districts of subcultural music production is becoming one of the new organizational models of the industry.Résumé Depuis peu, Berlin est devenue une «ville mondiale des médias». Cette évolution est due en grande partie au dynamisme de sa sous‐culture. Dans les années 1990, les clubs et la scène musicale ont prospéré, en particulier dans les quartiers déshérités du centre en voie de désindustrialisation, ouvrant ainsi les portes à l’installation à Berlin de grosses compagnies du secteur des médias et de la musique. L’essor de la scène musicale techno et électronique, et récemment aussi du hip‐hop, en un quartier culturel florissant est donc étroitement liéà la transformation urbaine depuis la chute du Mur, ainsi qu’à la place grandissante de la «classe créative» dans l’économie locale. L’article examine les rapports entre le contexte urbain local spécifique, d’une part, et l’évolution et l’ascension de ses milieux créatifs et sous‐culturels, d’autre part. Toutefois, on ne peut ramener la relation entre sous‐culture et industrie musicale à une marchandisation de l’«underground» et à son utilisation comme un nom de marque. En revanche, elle met en avant le fait que l’intégration progressive des secteurs créatifs de la production musicale sous‐culturelle devient l’un des nouveaux modèles organisationnels de cette industrie.
Challenging the scalp with ‘dry’ wash shampooing (DW) on Chinese men: an in vivo study
Authors: Liu Y. , Liu C. , Collaudin C. , Saint‐Léger D. , Loussouarn G. , Kravtchenko S. , Genain G. 
Published: March 2010

SynopsisCosmetic habits show a strong diversity worldwide. The same applies to procedures that are considered as basic hygiene acts such as shampooing. Apart from common traditional shampoo routine, a special shampoo procedure, ‘dry’ wash is daily performed in Chinese hair salons. Without pre‐wetting step, hairdresser applies the shampoo directly to dry hair with small quantity of water to create foam. Hand massaging is then offered on the scalp. This shampooing process is distinguished from traditional ‘regular wash’ by slightly diluted shampoo, and longer contact with the scalp and scalp massaging, all of which could be possibly considered as challenges to the structure and barrier function of the scalp. In this study, the effects of ‘dry’ wash on Chinese scalp have been investigated, in vivo, using regular wash as a control. A total of 67 Chinese males in two cohorts, non‐dandruff and with dandruff, were included. In each cohort, volunteers were split into two groups, one with ‘dry’ wash and the other one with regular wash. Both shampoo methods were performed daily for five consecutive days using the same shampoo formulation. Volunteers’ self assessment, clinical assessment by an expert and instrumental measurements were carried out. The results showed that Chinese ‘dry’ wash did not induce any negative consequence on the scalp physiology under such experimental conditions.
A new oxidant for hair coloring
Authors: Marsh J. , Dahlgren R. M. , Clarke C. , Stonehouse J. , Nunn C. 
Published: March 2010

J. Cosmet. Sci., 60, 205–215 (March/April 2009)SynopsisColoring hair using a level 3 permanent colorant involves two processes, lightening the underlying melanin and formation of the colored chromophores inside the hair. In typical in‐market products the oxidant used to achieve these changes is hydrogen peroxide buffered at pH 10 with an alkalizer such as ammonium hydroxide. A new oxidant has been developed based on the combination of ammonium carbonate, hydrogen peroxide and glycine at pH 9 that can match the lightening and color performance of the current oxidant. It has the advantage that both the carbonate and hydrogen peroxide concentrations can be changed to alter the lightening performance making it a more flexible oxidant. This allows the capability to lighten the hair in a shorter time, or with lower hydrogen peroxide levels. This paper discusses the key oxidizing species that are present in both systems and the mechanisms of melanin lightening. In addition, the lightening performance will be assessed as a function of time, pH, hydrogen peroxide concentration and carbonate concentration. The importance of glycine to the oxidant is also described along with a proposal for its mechanism of action. It has been demonstrated that the addition of glycine can control the undesired formation of carbonate radicals that can be generated from the oxidant. The control of these radicals enables the oxidant to deliver excellent lightening with no negatives in fiber damage vs. conventional oxidants.
Protection of oxidative hair color fading from shampoo washing by hydrophobically modified cationic polymers
Authors: Zhou Y. , Foltis L. , Moore D. J. , Rigoletto R. 
Published: March 2010

J. Cosmet. Sci., 60, 217–238 (March/April 2009)SynopsisThe fading of oxidative color in hair as a result of daily shampoo washing activities has become a common problem and a source of frequent complaints by consumers. The fading occurs primarily through hair dye solubility in water. One aspect of the current study investigates the physical and chemical factors that influence hair color fading during the washing process. This is accomplished by testing hair dye dissolution in water from dyed hair samples with variation of surfactant type, pH, and hair type. Furthermore, a new approach to preventing color fading is developed aiming to provide an effective barrier function for hair dye from dissolving into water. The preliminary investigation of a series of polymers with various functional groups indicates that polymers with hydrophobically modified and cationic functionalities are most effective in preventing hair dye dissolution in water. It is also evident that a synergistic effect of the polymer's hydrophobic moieties and cationic charges are important on hair color protection during shampoo washing processes. A primary example of a polymer within this category is a cationic terpolymer of vinylpyrrolidone, dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide, and methacryloylaminopropyl lauryldimonium chloride (INCI: Polyquaternium‐55). The color protection benefit of this polymer is evaluated using newly developed methodologies for evaluating hair color changes, such as hair color fading tests through multiple shampoo washes with mannequin heads and hair tresses, both derived from human hair, colorimetry, and quantitative digital image analysis. In addition, new infrared spectroscopic imaging techniques are used to detect the hair dye deposition behavior inside hair fibers both with and without the color protection treatment. Both visual and instrumental measurement results indicate that Polyquaternium‐55 provides a high level of color protection when formulated in a hair color protection regimen with up to 50% color protection. This regimen significantly outperforms commercial products that were tested containing a color protection claim. The proposed mechanism for the anti‐fading action of hydrophobically modified polymers includes a cationic charge‐reinforced hydrophobic barrier. This model is supported by evaluating the color fastness effect of several different polymer chemistries and by measuring hair surface hydrophobicity changes.
Evaluation of novel synthetic conditioning polymers for shampoos
Authors: Jordan S. L. , Zhang X. , Amos J. , Frank D. , Menon R. , Galley R. , Davis C. , Kalantar T. , Ladika M. 
Published: March 2010

J. Cosmet. Sci., 60, 239–250 (March/April 2009)SynopsisCationic polymers have traditionally been used in shampoo formulations to impart conditioning properties to hair. In this study, commercial synthetic cationic polymers were investigated using coacervate formation, objective wet comb analysis, silicone deposition and panel studies to determine structure function properties with the goal of developing novel conditioning polymers. New polymers were synthesized and, based on criteria determined in the first part of the study, found to have marginal improvement over existing synthetic cationic conditioning polymers. A novel experimental polymer developed for a different industry was also investigated for conditioning properties. This polymer showed significant enhancement of silicone deposition over current commercial polymers, including cationic guar, even at significantly reduced silicone and polymer concentrations. The experimental polymer exhibited parity or improvement over benchmark polymers in panel studies, and similar performance to other synthetic polymers in objective wet comb studies.