bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Partial Migration in a Robust Brown Trout Population of a Patagonian River
Authors: O'Neal Sarah L. , Stanford Jack A. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractLife history plasticity, particularly partial migration (i.e., coexistence of resident and anadromous forms), probably plays a major role in the ability of brown troutSalmo truttato dominate food webs after introduction into Patagonian rivers. We documented brown trout establishment, distribution, and life history variation in relation to habitat features in the Rio Grande, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina. Results support the hypothesis that Rio Grande brown trout developed an anadromous life history form (“sea trout”) two decades after introduction in relation to localized food limitation as the population expanded throughout the basin. Tributary streams with only resident fish were narrower and had significantly higher levels of specific conductance and soluble reactive phosphorus than streams that were inhabited by both resident and anadromous brown trout. Invertebrate biomass was two to three times higher and juvenile brown trout density was significantly higher in resident‐only sites than in streams with both life history forms. Density‐dependent growth was not evident and juvenile condition was higher in resident‐only streams. These findings suggest that food availability influences the individual decision to migrate, although genetic and other factors are probably also involved. Mark–recapture analysis showed that approximately 38,000–55,000 adult sea trout returned annually to the Rio Grande in 2006 and 2007, making it one of the most robust sea trout populations in the world. However, native fishes have apparently declined to near extirpation as the brown trout population has expanded.
Home Range Size and Foraging Ecology of Bull Trout and Westslope Cutthroat Trout in the Upper Salmon River Basin, Idaho
Authors: Schoby Gregory P. , Keeley Ernest R. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe used radiotelemetry to determine how body size, foraging ecology, and seasonal activity influence the home range size of adult bull troutSalvelinus confluentusand westslope cutthroat troutOncorhynchus clarkii lewisiin the upper Salmon River basin of central Idaho. Stomach samples were collected to determine diet composition and compare foraging strategies between the two species. Contrary to other studies of home ranges for stream‐dwelling fishes, home range size was not significantly related to total length or body mass in either species. Although overall home range size did not differ between species, monthly movement (km) was significantly greater for bull trout than for westslope cutthroat trout during July and September. Stomach content analysis revealed that the size of prey consumed was significantly larger for bull trout than for westslope cutthroat trout but was not significantly correlated with body size in either species. Home range size for bull trout and westslope cutthroat trout in our study was much larger than home ranges documented for other stream‐dwelling salmonids; our results illustrate the importance of large‐scale connectivity and the variety of habitats necessary for the persistence of these species.
Land Use Associations with Distributions of Declining Native Fishes in the Upper Colorado River Basin
Authors: Dauwalter Daniel C. , Wenger Seth J. , Gelwicks Kevin R. , Fesenmyer Kurt A. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe upper Colorado River basin contains one of the most imperiled fish faunas in North America. Anthropogenic land use and nonnative species impacts are considered among the top reasons for imperilment. We determined the association of anthropogenic land use intensity (road density, percentage of converted land, and oil and gas well density), relative abundance of nonnative white suckersCatostomus commersoniiand their hybrids, and natural landscape features with the occurrences of three native fishes in the Colorado River basin, Wyoming, that have declined throughout their ranges: flannelmouth suckerC. latipinnis, bluehead suckerC. discobolus, and roundtail chubGila robusta. We found that flannelmouth suckers occurred more frequently in large, low‐gradient stream reaches, but their occurrence was not associated with land use intensity or the relative abundance of white suckers and hybrid suckers. In contrast, bluehead sucker occurrence decreased with increasing intensity of each land use type within a 0.5‐km stream buffer, which suggests that localized land use disturbances have negatively affected the species’ distribution. Roundtail chub occurred more frequently in low‐gradient stream segments with more riparian vegetation, but associations with land uses were more complex. Roundtail chub were negatively associated with road density in a 0.5‐km buffer, but in contrast to our expectations they were positively associated with road density in the contributing watershed and with local oil and gas well density. We think that rocky substrates and pools—habitats preferred by roundtail chub and sometimes associated with oil and gas infrastructure—have concentrated the remaining individuals within their currently reduced distribution. The associations we identified highlight the potential role of land use in distributional declines and can help managers to determine whether proposed land use changes may affect existing populations. Spatial predictions of occurrence have already been used in regional fish conservation planning efforts in Wyoming.
INTERSECTIONS, DIVISIONS, AND DISTINCTIONS
Authors: Taylor Yvette , Scurry Tracy 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT
While there is a growing body of research which explores the dramatic changes of higher education, following recent policies of widening participation and ‘internationalisation’, to date much of the research has focused on discrete ‘non-traditional’ groups. Based on qualitative data gathered from international and widening participation students, we explore the crossovers and parallels of their experiences, which is not to say that both groups are the very same. Indeed, it is the resistance to a ‘fixing’ positioning that this paper charts, negotiating points of sameness and difference. We suggest that there is failure to consider widening participation and internationalisation as two, intersecting, agendas, (re)producing class and race. Theoretically, such an approach offers an insight into contemporary class analysis in the context of mobility and racism, to comprehend how social divisions are complexly lived, where middle-class ‘international’ students may risk losing (and gaining) privilege, in (dis)similar ways to their working-class ‘home’ counterparts.
Synthesis, characterization and luminescent properties of Tb(III) doped Eu(III) complex nanoparticles
Authors: Hoang Thi Khuyen , Nguyen Thanh Huong , Tran Thu Huong , Tran Kim Anh , Nguyen Thanh Binh , Le Quoc Minh 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
In recent years, considerable effort has been devoted to the development of transition metal complexes as novel luminescent materials that have potential application in the fluorescent labels for chemistry or biology. Among them, the nanostructured lanthanide complexes have been receiving much attention because of their excellent luminescence properties, which are attributed to the intramolecular energy transfer between the ligands and chelated lanthanide ions and their high solubility in water. This paper presents some results of the synthesis and characterization of the nanoparticles of Eu(III) and Tb(III) complexes with naphthoyl trifluoroacetone and tri-n-octylphosphineoxide. In addition, the influence of the dopant Tb(III) on the photophysical properties of the system of lanthanide complexes of Eu(III) and Tb(III) is also studied.
Influence of climate-driven sea surface temperature increase on potential habitats of the Pacific saury (Cololabis saira)
Authors: Tseng Chen-Te , Sun Chi-Lu , Yeh Su-Zan , Chen Shih-Chin , Su Wei-Cheng , Liu Don-Chung 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Tseng, C-T., Sun, C-L., Yeh, S-Z., Chen, S-C., Su, W-C., and Liu, D-C. 2011. Influence of climate-driven sea surface temperature increase on potential habitats of the Pacific saury (Cololabis saira). – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 1105–1113. Logbook data of the 2006–2008 Taiwanese Pacific saury fishery, coupled with MODIS satellite-derived sea surface temperature (SST) data, were used to determine Pacific saury's SST preferences and predict their potential habitats monthly. Results indicated that the SST preferences ranged from 12 to18.5°C, with significant monthly variability. Possible changes in potential saury habitats were estimated under four scenarios: recent years (2006–2008) and with 1, 2, and 4°C increases in SST because of climate change. Results revealed an obvious poleward shift of potential saury habitats under the influence of increases in SSTs. The southernmost boundary of potential saury habitat in recent years, located at 40.24°N, shifted to 46.15°N under the scenario of a 4°C increase in SSTs. These results improve our understanding of the variability in the spatial distribution of saury habitats and could form the basis for future fishery management and fishing forecasts.
Environmental controls of phenology of high-latitude Chinook salmon populations of the Yukon River, North America, with application to fishery management
Authors: Mundy Phillip R. , Evenson Danielle F. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractMundy, P. R., and Evenson, D. F. 2011. Environmental controls of phenology of high-latitude Chinook salmon populations of the Yukon River, North America, with application to fishery management. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 1155–1164. Phenologies of a number of anadromous fish species have been demonstrated to vary in concert with environmental factors that change with global warming, such as water and air temperatures. Anadromous fishery managers will need advice from models of phenology, or migratory timing, as functions of environmental factors in those harvest areas where annual migratory timing can vary sharply. Such models are also necessary to advise fishery managers on how and when global warming projections of the IPCC model ensemble should be factored into regulatory decisions. Specifically, we demonstrate that the annual timing of marine exit of Yukon River Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) at 63°N 165°W for 1961–2009 varied in close concert with modelled sea surface temperature, air temperature, and sea ice cover. The best linear model for 1961–2009 combines sea surface and air temperatures to explain 59% of the annual variability in migratory timing (ice cover is available only for 1970–2009). Changes in phenology of high-latitude Chinook salmon are expected in response to global warming. As average temperatures increase, the frequency of earlier migrations is expected to increase, making management of the fishery more challenging.
Genetic Characterization of Measles Vaccine Strains
Authors: Bankamp Bettina , Takeda Makoto , Zhang Yan , Xu Wenbo , Rota Paul A. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe complete genomic sequences of 9 measles vaccine strains were compared with the sequence of the Edmonston wild-type virus. AIK-C, Moraten, Rubeovax, Schwarz, and Zagreb are vaccine strains of the Edmonston lineage, whereas CAM-70, Changchun-47, Leningrad-4 and Shanghai-191 were derived from 4 different wild-type isolates. Nucleotide substitutions were found in the noncoding regions of the genomes as well as in all coding regions, leading to deduced amino acid substitutions in all 8 viral proteins. Although the precise mechanisms involved in the attenuation of individual measles vaccines remain to be elucidated, in vitro assays of viral protein functions and recombinant viruses with defined genetic modifications have been used to characterize the differences between vaccine and wild-type strains. Although almost every protein contributes to an attenuated phenotype, substitutions affecting host cell tropism, virus assembly, and the ability to inhibit cellular antiviral defense mechanisms play an especially important role in attenuation.
Intensive care unit discharge to the ward with a tracheostomy cannula as a risk factor for mortality: A prospective, multicenter propensity analysis*
Authors: Fernandez Rafael , Tizon Ana-Isabel , Gonzalez Javier , Monedero Pablo , Garcia-Sanchez Manuela , de-la-Torre Ma-Victoria , Ibañez Pedro , Frutos Fernando , del-Nogal Frutos , Gomez Ma-Jesus , Marcos Alfredo , Hernández Gonzalo 
Published: June 2011

Objective:
To analyze the impact of decannulation before intensive care unit discharge on ward survival in nonexperimental conditions.

Design:
Prospective, observational survey.

Setting:
Thirty-one intensive care units throughout Spain.

Patients:
All patients admitted from March 1, 2008 to May 31, 2008.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
At intensive care unit discharge, we recorded demographic variables, severity score, and intensive care unit treatments, with special attention to tracheostomy. After intensive care unit discharge, we recorded intensive care unit readmission and hospital survival. Statistics: Multivariate analyses for ward mortality, with Cox proportional hazard ratio adjusted for propensity score for intensive care unit decannulation. We included 4,132 patients, 1,996 of whom needed mechanical ventilation. Of these, 260 (13%) were tracheostomized and 59 (23%) died in the intensive care unit. Of the 201 intensive care unit tracheostomized survivors, 60 were decannulated in the intensive care unit and 141 were discharged to the ward with cannulae in place. Variables associated with intensive care unit decannulation (non-neurologic disease [85% vs. 64%], vasoactive drugs [90% vs. 76%], parenteral nutrition [55% vs. 33%], acute renal failure [37% vs. 23%], and good prognosis at intensive care unit discharge [40% vs. 18%]) were included in a propensity score model for decannulation. Crude ward mortality was similar in decannulated and nondecannulated patients (22% vs. 23%); however, after adjustment for the propensity score and Sabadell Score, the presence of a tracheostomy cannula was not associated with any survival disadvantage with an odds ratio of 0.6 [0.3–1.2] (p = .1).

Conclusion:
In our multicenter setting, intensive care unit discharge before decannulation is not a risk factor.
Cytokinin Interplay with Ethylene, Auxin, and Glucose Signaling Controls Arabidopsis Seedling Root Directional Growth
Authors: Kushwah Sunita , Jones Alan M. , Laxmi Ashverya 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Optimal root architecture is established by multiple intrinsic (e.g. hormones) and extrinsic (e.g. gravity and touch) signals and is established, in part, by directed root growth. We show that asymmetrical exposure of cytokinin (CK) at the root tip in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) promotes cell elongation that is potentiated by glucose in a hexokinase-influenced, G protein-independent manner. This mode of CK signaling requires the CK receptor, ARABIDOPSIS HISTIDINE KINASE4 and, at a minimum, its cognate type B ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATORS ARR1, ARR10, and ARR11 for full responsiveness, while type A response regulators act redundantly to attenuate this CK response. Ethylene signaling through the ethylene receptor ETHYLENE RESISTANT1 and its downstream signaling element ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE2 are required for CK-induced root cell elongation. Negative and positive feedback loops are reinforced by CK regulation of the expression of the genes encoding these elements in both the CK and ethylene signaling pathways. Auxin transport facilitated by PIN-FORMED2 as well as auxin signaling through control of the steady-state level of transcriptional repressors INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID7 (IAA7), IAA14, and IAA17 via TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE1/AUXIN SIGNALING F-BOX PROTEIN are involved in CK-induced root cell elongation. This action lies downstream of ethylene and CK induction. Intrinsic signaling in this response operates independently of the extrinsic signal touch, although actin filament organization, which is important in the touch response, may be important for this response, since latrunculin B can induce similar growth. This root growth response may have adaptive significance, since CK responsiveness is inversely related to root coiling and waving, two root behaviors known to be important for fitness.
Sphingolipids Containing Very-Long-Chain Fatty Acids Define a Secretory Pathway for Specific Polar Plasma Membrane Protein Targeting inArabidopsis
Authors: Markham Jennifer E. , Molino Diana , Gissot Lionel , Bellec Yannick , Hématy Kian , Marion Jessica , Belcram Katia , Palauqui Jean-Christophe , Satiat-JeuneMaître Béatrice , Faure Jean-Denis 
Published: June 2011

AbstractSphingolipids are a class of structural membrane lipids involved in membrane trafficking and cell polarity. Functional analysis of the ceramide synthase family in Arabidopsis thaliana demonstrates the existence of two activities selective for the length of the acyl chains. Very-long-acyl-chain (C &gt; 18 carbons) but not long-chain sphingolipids are essential for plant development. Reduction of very-long-chain fatty acid sphingolipid levels leads in particular to auxin-dependent inhibition of lateral root emergence that is associated with selective aggregation of the plasma membrane auxin carriers AUX1 and PIN1 in the cytosol. Defective targeting of polar auxin carriers is characterized by specific aggregation of Rab-A2a– and Rab-A1e–labeled early endosomes along the secretory pathway. These aggregates correlate with the accumulation of membrane structures and vesicle fragmentation in the cytosol. In conclusion, sphingolipids with very long acyl chains define a trafficking pathway with specific endomembrane compartments and polar auxin transport protein cargoes.
Botrytis cinerea Manipulates the Antagonistic Effects between Immune Pathways to Promote Disease Development in Tomato
Authors: El Oirdi Mohamed , El Rahman Taha Abd , Rigano Luciano , El Hadrami Abdelbasset , Rodriguez María Cecilia , Daayf Fouad , Vojnov Adrian , Bouarab Kamal 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to sense and respond to pathogen attacks. Resistance against necrotrophic pathogens generally requires the activation of the jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway, whereas the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway is mainly activated against biotrophic pathogens. SA can antagonize JA signaling and vice versa. Here, we report that the necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea exploits this antagonism as a strategy to cause disease development. We show that B. cinerea produces an exopolysaccharide, which acts as an elicitor of the SA pathway. In turn, the SA pathway antagonizes the JA signaling pathway, thereby allowing the fungus to develop its disease in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). SA-promoted disease development occurs through Nonexpressed Pathogen Related1. We also show that the JA signaling pathway required for tomato resistance against B. cinerea is mediated by the systemin elicitor. These data highlight a new strategy used by B. cinerea to overcome the plant's defense system and to spread within the host.
A Guideline to Family-Wide Comparative State-of-the-Art Quantitative RT-PCR Analysis Exemplified with a Brassicaceae Cross-Species Seed Germination Case Study
Authors: Graeber Kai , Linkies Ada , Wood Andrew T.A. , Leubner-Metzger Gerhard 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Comparative biology includes the comparison of transcriptome and quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) data sets in a range of species to detect evolutionarily conserved and divergent processes. Transcript abundance analysis of target genes by qRT-PCR requires a highly accurate and robust workflow. This includes reference genes with high expression stability (i.e., low intersample transcript abundance variation) for correct target gene normalization. Cross-species qRT-PCR for proper comparative transcript quantification requires reference genes suitable for different species. We addressed this issue using tissue-specific transcriptome data sets of germinating Lepidium sativum seeds to identify new candidate reference genes. We investigated their expression stability in germinating seeds of L. sativum and Arabidopsis thaliana by qRT-PCR, combined with in silico analysis of Arabidopsis and Brassica napus microarray data sets. This revealed that reference gene expression stability is higher for a given developmental process between distinct species than for distinct developmental processes within a given single species. The identified superior cross-species reference genes may be used for family-wide comparative qRT-PCR analysis of Brassicaceae seed germination. Furthermore, using germinating seeds, we exemplify optimization of the qRT-PCR workflow for challenging tissues regarding RNA quality, transcript stability, and tissue abundance. Our work therefore can serve as a guideline for moving beyond Arabidopsis by establishing high-quality cross-species qRT-PCR.
Tunable Membrane Binding of the Intrinsically Disordered Dehydrin Lti30, a Cold-Induced Plant Stress Protein
Authors: Eriksson Sylvia K. , Kutzer Michael , Procek Jan , Gröbner Gerhard , Harryson Pia 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Dehydrins are intrinsically disordered plant proteins whose expression is upregulated under conditions of desiccation and cold stress. Their molecular function in ensuring plant survival is not yet known, but several studies suggest their involvement in membrane stabilization. The dehydrins are characterized by a broad repertoire of conserved and repetitive sequences, out of which the archetypical K-segment has been implicated in membrane binding. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of these K-segments, we examined the interaction between lipid membranes and a dehydrin with a basic functional sequence composition: Lti30, comprising only K-segments. Our results show that Lti30 interacts electrostatically with vesicles of both zwitterionic (phosphatidyl choline) and negatively charged phospholipids (phosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidyl serine, and phosphatidic acid) with a stronger binding to membranes with high negative surface potential. The membrane interaction lowers the temperature of the main lipid phase transition, consistent with Lti30's proposed role in cold tolerance. Moreover, the membrane binding promotes the assembly of lipid vesicles into large and easily distinguishable aggregates. Using these aggregates as binding markers, we identify three factors that regulate the lipid interaction of Lti30 in vitro: (1) a pH dependent His on/off switch, (2) phosphorylation by protein kinase C, and (3) reversal of membrane binding by proteolytic digest.