bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Odanacatib in the treatment of postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density: Three-year continued therapy and resolution of effect
Authors: Eisman John A , Bone Henry G , Hosking David J , McClung Michael R , Reid Ian R , Rizzoli Rene , Resch Heinrich , Verbruggen Nadia , Hustad Carolyn M , DaSilva Carolyn , Petrovic Romana , Santora Arthur C , Ince B Avery , Lombardi Antonio 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
The selective cathepsin K inhibitor odanacatib (ODN) progressively increased bone mineral density (BMD) and decreased bone-resorption markers during 2 years of treatment in postmenopausal women with low BMD. A 1-year extension study further assessed ODN efficacy and safety and the effects of discontinuing therapy. In the base study, postmenopausal women with BMD T-scores between −2.0 and −3.5 at the lumbar spine or femur received placebo or ODN 3, 10, 25, or 50 mg weekly. After 2 years, patients (n = 189) were rerandomized to ODN 50 mg weekly or placebo for an additional year. Endpoints included BMD at the lumbar spine (primary), total hip, and hip subregions; levels of bone turnover markers; and safety assessments. Continued treatment with 50 mg of ODN for 3 years produced significant increases from baseline and from year 2 in BMD at the spine (7.9% and 2.3%) and total hip (5.8% and 2.4%). Urine cross-linked N-telopeptide of type I collagen (NTx) remained suppressed at year 3 (−50.5%), but bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP) was relatively unchanged from baseline. Treatment discontinuation resulted in bone loss at all sites, but BMD remained at or above baseline. After ODN discontinuation at month 24, bone turnover markers increased transiently above baseline, but this increase largely resolved by month 36. There were similar overall adverse-event rates in both treatment groups. It is concluded that 3 years of ODN treatment resulted in progressive increases in BMD and was generally well tolerated. Bone-resorption markers remained suppressed, whereas bone-formation markers returned to near baseline. ODN effects were reversible: bone resorption increased transiently and BMD decreased following treatment discontinuation. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Inhibition of Notch1 signaling by Runx2 during osteoblast differentiation
Authors: Ann Eun-Jung , Kim Hwa-Young , Choi Yun-Hee , Kim Mi-Yeon , Mo Jung-Soon , Jung Jane , Yoon Ji-Hye , Kim Su-Man , Moon Jeong-Sik , Seo Mi-Sun , Hong Ji-Ae , Jang Won-Gu , Shore Paul , Komori Toshihisa , Koh Jeong-Tae , Park Hee-Sae 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Notch1 genes encode receptors for a signaling pathway that regulates cell growth and differentiation in various contexts, but the role of Notch1 signaling in osteogenesis is not well defined. Notch1 controls osteoblast differentiation by affecting Runx2, but the question arises whether normal osteoblastic differentiation can occur regardless of the presence of Notch1. In this study, we observed the downregulation of Notch1 signaling during osteoblastic differentiation. BMPR-IB/Alk6-induced Runx2 proteins reduced Notch1 activity to a marked degree. Accumulated Runx2 suppressed Notch1 transcriptional activity by dissociating the Notch1-IC-RBP-Jk complex. Using deletion mutants, we also determined that the N-terminal domain of Runx2 was crucial to the binding and inhibition of the N-terminus of the Notch1 intracellular domain. Notably, upregulation of the Runx2 protein level paralleled reduced expression of Hes1, which is a downstream target of Notch1, during osteoblast differentiation. Collectively, our data suggest that Runx2 is an inhibitor of the Notch1 signaling pathway during normal osteoblast differentiation. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Time‐dependent density functional theory study on the absorption spectrum of Coumarin 102 and its hydrogen‐bonded complexes
Authors: Zhao Wenwei , Ding Yihong , Xia Qiying 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe effect of both solvent polarity and hydrogen bonding (HB) on the electronic transition energy of Coumarin 102 (C102) has been examined using the time‐dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). Solvent effect on both geometry and electronic transition energy is evaluated using the polarizable continuum model (PCM). A linear relation of the absorption maximum of C102 with the solvent polarity function Δf is found using the TDDFT‐PCM method for all solvents except dimethyl sulfoxide. The solvent polarity and the type B HB between the carbonyl oxygen and solvent hydrogen atom make the absorption wavelength redshift, whereas the type A HB between the amino nitrogen atom and solvent hydrogen atom has an opposite effect on the absorption wavelength. The calculated absorption wavelengths of C102 with two type B HB between the carbonyl oxygen and solvent hydrogen atom are in excellent agreement with experimental measurements. The solvatochromism of C102 is analyzed in terms of the Kamlet–Taft equation and the parameters s and a are discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011.
Summary of the 9th annual meeting of the italian society for virology
Authors: Salata Cristiano , Calistri Arianna , Parolin Cristina , Palù Giorgio 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe 9th annual meeting of the Italian Society for Virology (SIV) comprised seven plenary sessions focused on: General virology and viral genetics; Virus–Host interaction and pathogenesis; Viral oncology; Emerging viruses and zoonotic, foodborne, and environmental pathways of transmission; Viral immunology and vaccines; Medical virology and antiviral therapy; Viral biotechnologies and gene therapy. Moreover, four hot topics were discussed in special lectures: the Pioneer in human virology lecture regarding the control of viral epidemics with particular emphasis on the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the Pioneer in plant virology lecture focused on cell responses to plant virus infection, a Keynote lecture on the epidemiology and genetic diversity of Crimea–Congo Hemorrhagic Fever virus, and the G.B. Rossi lecture on the molecular basis and clinical implications of human cytomegalovirus tropism for endothelial/epithelial cells. The meeting had an attendance of about 160 virologists. A summary of the plenary lectures and oral selected presentations is reported. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 285–287, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Arsenic trioxide induces apoptosis through JNK and ERK in human mesothelioma cells
Authors: Eguchi Ryoji , Fujimori Yoshihiro , Takeda Hiromi , Tabata Chiharu , Ohta Toshiro , Kuribayashi Kouzo , Fukuoka Kazuya , Nakano Takashi 
Published: August 2010

AbstractMalignant mesothelioma is an aggressive tumor of serosal surfaces, which is refractory to current treatment options. Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) is used clinically to treat acute promyelocytic leukemia, and also to inhibit proliferation of several solid tumors including hepatoma, esophageal, and gastric cancer in vitro. Here we found that As2O3 inhibited cell viability of a mesothelioma cell line, NCI‐H2052. As2O3 induced apoptosis of NCI‐H2052 cells, which was accompanied by activation of c‐Jun NH2‐terminal kinase (JNK)1/2, extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, and caspase‐3. zVAD‐fmk, a broad‐spectrum caspase inhibitor, inhibited As2O3‐induced apoptosis and activation of caspase‐3, but not that of JNK1/2 and ERK1/2. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting JNK1/2 suppressed As2O3‐induced caspase‐3 activation and apoptosis, indicating that JNK1/2 regulate As2O3‐induced apoptosis though caspase cascade. Furthermore, JNK1 siRNA abrogated As2O3‐induced JNK2 phosphorylation and JNK2 siRNA abrogated As2O3‐induced JNK1 phosphorylation, suggesting that JNK1 and JNK2 interact with each other. Moreover, JNK1 siRNA, but not JNK2 siRNA, abrogated As2O3‐induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation. JNK2 siRNA together with PD98059, a specific MAPK/ERK kinase inhibitor, suppressed As2O3‐induced apoptosis more significantly than JNK2 siRNA alone. These results indicated that As2O3 induces apoptosis of NCI‐H2052 cells mainly through JNK1/2 activation, and that ERK1/2 is involved in As2O3‐induced apoptosis when JNK1/2 are inactivated. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 762–768, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Blood‐derived human osteoclast resorption activity is impaired by Hyaluronan‐CD44 engagement via a p38‐dependent mechanism
Authors: Pivetta Eliana , Scapolan Martina , Wassermann Bruna , Steffan Agostino , Colombatti Alfonso , Spessotto Paola 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe control of bone resorption is crucial in osteolytic diseases. Once attached to bone, osteoclasts (OCs) initiate the resorption process through the activation of a complex cascade of morphological and biochemical changes. Hyaluronan (HA), an extracellular glycosaminoglycan long non‐branching polysaccharide, is expressed in bone matrices. Here we demonstrate that HA counter‐balances the erosion activity of human mature OCs by significantly reducing their degradative potential. HA treatment of fully differentiated OCs derived from human peripheral blood monocytes inhibited migration on collagen as well as bone resorption. HA‐mediated effects were primarily due to TRAcP, MMP‐9, and cathepsin K down‐regulation and to the increased levels of TIMP‐1, a natural MMP‐9 inhibitor. Binding of HA to mature OCs was entirely mediated by CD44: function‐blocking anti‐CD44 antibodies fully abrogated HA effects, and the engagement of HA receptor caused a rapid de‐phosphorylation of Ser325 in the CD44 cytoplasmic tail. The inhibitory action by HA was associated with a transient up‐phosphorylation of Pyk2, a novel persistent phosphorylation of p38 and the down‐regulation of NFATc1 transcription factor. Our results provide a direct evidence for the involvement of CD44 in the HA‐dependent regulation of OC activity and suggest a signaling pathway that could be unique in OC function inhibition. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 769–779, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
THE PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN AN ENTREPRENEURSHIP SUPPORT AGENCY AND AN ASSOCIATION: FROM CONCEPTION TO INTEGRATION IN FAIR TRADE
Authors: Schmitt Valentina Gomes Haensel 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis article describes the partnership between the Agency for Entrepreneurship and Small Business – SEBRAE/Santa Catarina – and the organization Toca Tapetes, discussing the process of inserting the organization Toca Tapetes, located in Santa Catarina/Brazil‐, and it´s contribution to sustainable territorial development and economic plurality. This article was completed through a literature search and a case study in organizations Toca Tapetes and SEBRAE. It was used the observation technique, in visits during January 2009, and made interviews with members from Toca tapetes and SEBRAE, with semi‐structured and non‐disguised roadmap questions. The survey's deliverables are predominantly descriptive about the partnership process formation between organizations and integration of Toca Tapetes into the Fair Trade movement are presented, and relationships between variables and the central objective of the work are established. This study found that the case of SEBRAE and Toca Tapetes partnership is an example that resulted in the strengthening of an organization that contributes to sustainable and environmental friendly territorial development, based on an economic plurality concerned with citizenship values, as it managed to combine the need to change the reality of individuals to local tradition. Forging a partnership with SEBRAE was definitive for the increase of Toca´s Tapetes activities, whether in education and training, promotion or inclusion in national competitions. The distinguishing feature of partnership to provide an effective contribution to the development lies in the effort of conceptual change, being action responsible for the community, the activity carried out, the environment, workers and the market. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative cranial osteology of fossorial lizards from the tribe gymnophthalmini (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae)
Authors: Roscito Juliana G. , Rodrigues Miguel T. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractSquamates (lizards, snakes and amphisbaenians) are represented by a large number of species distributed among a wide variety of habitats. Changes in body plan related to a fossorial habit are a frequent trend within the group and many morphological adaptations to this particular lifestyle evolved convergently in nonrelated species, reflecting adaptations to a similar habitat. The fossorial lifestyle requires an optimal morphological organization for an effective use of the available resources. Skeleton arrangement in fossorial squamates reflects adaptations to the burrowing activity, and different degrees of fossoriality can be inferred through an analysis of skull morphology. Here, we provide a detailed description of the skull morphology of three fossorial gymnophthalmid species:Calyptommatus nicterus,Scriptosaura catimbau, andNothobachia ablephara. J. Morphol., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cranial functional morphology of fossil dogs and adaptation for durophagy in Borophagus and Epicyon (Carnivora, Mammalia)
Authors: Tseng Zhijie Jack , Wang Xiaoming 
Published: August 2010

AbstractMorphological specialization is a complex interplay of adaptation and constraint, as similarly specialized features often evolve convergently in unrelated species, indicating that there are universally adaptive aspects to these morphologies. The evolutionary history of carnivores offers outstanding examples of convergent specialization. Among larger predators, borophagine canids were highly abundant during the tertiary of North America and are regarded as the ecological vicars of Afro‐Eurasian hyenas. Borophaginae is an extinct group of 60+ species, the largest forms evolving robust skulls with prominently domed foreheads, short snouts, and hypertrophied fourth premolars. These specializations have been speculated to enhance bone cracking. To test the extent that the skulls of derived borophagines were adapted for producing large bite forces and withstanding the mechanical stresses associated with bone cracking relative to their nonrobust sister clades, we manipulated muscle forces in models of six canid skulls and analyzed their mechanical response using 3D finite element analysis. Performance measures of bite force production efficiency and deformation minimization showed that skulls of derived borophagines Borophagus secundus and Epicyon haydeni are particularly strong in the frontal region; maximum stresses are lower and more evenly distributed over the skull than in other canids. Frontal strength is potentially coupled with a temporalis‐driven bite to minimize cranial stress during biting in the two derived genera, as tensile stress incurred by contracting temporalis muscles is dissipated rostro‐ventrally across the forehead and face. Comparison of estimated masticatory muscle cross section areas suggests that the temporalis‐masseter ratio is not strongly associated with morphological adaptations for bone cracking in Borophagus and Epicyon; larger body size may explain relatively larger temporalis muscles in the latter. When compared with previous studies, the overall cranial mechanics of the derived borophagines is more similar to bone‐cracking hyaenids and percrocutids than to their canid relatives, indicating convergence in both morphological form and functional capability. J. Morphol., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An analogue model of the memristor
Authors: Valsa Juraj , Biolek Dalibor , Biolek Zdeněk 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe paper presents a working electrical scheme modeling the memristor. The scheme allows experimenting with the model under various testing signals. The user can use it to verify the theoretical presumptions about the memristor properties. Examples of several typical measurements are shown. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Activation of calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase IV and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ coactivator‐1α signaling pathway protects against neuronal injury and promotes mitochondrial biogenesis in the hippocampal CA1 subfield after transient global ischemia
Authors: Chen Shang‐Der , Lin Tsu‐Kung , Lin Jui‐Wei , Yang Ding‐I , Lee Su‐Ying , Shaw Fu‐Zen , Liou Chia‐Wei , Chuang Yao‐Chung 
Published: August 2010

AbstractDelayed neuronal cell death occurs in the vulnerable CA1 subfield of the hippocampus after transient global ischemia (TGI). We demonstrated previously, based on an experimental model of TGI, that the significantly increased content of oxidized proteins in hippocampal CA1 neuron was observed as early as 30 min after TGI, followed by augmentation of PGC‐1α expression at 1 hr, as well as up‐regulation of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) and superoxide dismutases 2 (SOD2). Using the same animal model, the present study investigated the role of calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV) and PGC‐1α in delayed neuronal cell death and mitochondrial biogenesis in the hippocampus. In Sprague‐Dawley rats, significantly increased expression of nuclear CaMKIV was noted in the hippocampal CA1 subfield as early as 15 min after TGI. In addition, the index of mitochondrial biogenesis, including a mitochondrial DNA‐encoded polypeptide, cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COX1), and mitochondrial number significantly increased in the hippocampal CA1 subfield 4 hr after TGI. Application bilaterally into the hippocampal CA1 subfield of an inhibitor of CaMKIV, KN‐93, 30 min before TGI attenuated both CaMKIV and PGC‐1α expression, followed by down‐regulation of UCP2 and SOD2, decrease of COX1 expression and mitochondrial number, heightened protein oxidation, and enhanced hippocampal CA1 neuronal damage. This study provides correlative evidence for the neuroprotective cascade of CaMKIV/PGC‐1α which implicates at least in part the mitochondrial antioxidants UCP2 and SOD2 as well as mitochondrial biogenesis in ischemic brain injury. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Melt Processing of Chitosan‐Based Fibers and Fiber‐Mesh Scaffolds for the Engineering of Connective Tissues
Authors: Correlo Vitor M. , Costa‐Pinto Ana R. , Sol Paula , Covas José A. , Bhattacharya Mrinal , Neves Nuno M. , Reis Rui L. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe report the production of chitosan‐based fibers and chitosan fiber‐mesh structures by melt processing (solvent‐free) to be used as tissue‐engineering scaffolds. The melt‐based approach used to produce the scaffolds does not change their main characteristics, including the surface roughness and microporosity. The porosity, pore size, interconnectivity and mechanical performance of the scaffolds are all within the range required for various tissue‐engineering applications. Biological assessments are performed in direct‐contact assays. Cells are able to colonize the scaffold, including the inner porous structure. The cells show high indices of viability in all of the scaffold types.magnified image
Polysaccharide‐Containing Block Copolymers: Synthesis, Properties and Applications of an Emerging Family of Glycoconjugates
Authors: Schatz Christophe , Lecommandoux Sébastien 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWhile polysaccharide graft copolymers and glycopolymers have been widely studied and used in various applications, linear block copolymer structures combining a polysaccharide segment and a synthetic one have been less described. The limited availability of the polysaccharide reducing‐end, the difficulty of finding a common solvent of both blocks and the need sometimes to protect the lateral hydroxyl groups of the polysaccharide chain may explain the relatively low number of studies on this copolymer family despite its potential interest. Polysaccharide block copolymers feature physicochemical properties not only close to those of synthetic block copolymers but also bring an added value such as the biodegradability, the biocompatibility or the bioactivity in some cases. This review aims at presenting the synthetic pathways towards such structures, from the basic polymerization techniques to the most recent ones including controlled/living polymerization mechanisms and also by emphasizing the chemical reactions used to functionalize the reducing‐end of the polysaccharide block. The amphiphilic nature of most of the polysaccharide‐based block copolymers reported so far gives rise to various self‐assembly morphologies in the solid state or in selective solvents. In addition, the rigidity of the polysaccharide block is expected to influence the microphase separation of the block copolymer by increasing the thermodynamic incompatibility between dissimilar blocks. A special interest was drawn to the formation and the properties of polymer vesicles (polymersomes) in aqueous solutions. Polysaccharide block copolymers might represent a new class of biomaterials with potential applications in different fields such as the plastic industry, the detergency and also the pharmaceutics where the design of nanodevices carrying a native polysaccharide chain is of interest for therapy, vaccination and diagnosis purposes.magnified image
On the Scaling Behavior of the Force/Extension Relation of a Chain
Authors: Kosmas Marios K. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractApplying an extending force F along the end‐to‐end vector r of a chain enlarges the initial size ρi ∼ |ri| leading to a final state with ρf larger than ρi. Assuming a power law dependence of the size ρ ∼ Nν of the chain on its length N, at the two different states with different exponents νi and νf, a scaling relationship is derived between the measure of the extending force F and the extension ρ of the chain. The exponent γ of the force/extension relation, ρ ∼ Fγ, depends on both exponents νi and νf of the initial and the final states. A relation between γ and the exponents νi and νf is derived which permits the explanation of previous results and predicts some more. The scaling behavior is checked with the exactly soluble model of a random walk under a force.magnified image
The Computerised Manchester Child Attachment Story Task: a novel medium for assessing attachment patterns
Authors: Minnis Helen , Read Warren , Connolly Brenda , Burston Amanda , Schumm Tanja‐Sabine , Putter‐Lareman Suren , Green Jonathan 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe Manchester Child Attachment Story Task (MCAST) is a representational technique for assessing attachment patterns of young school‐age children. We have developed a computerised version (the CMCAST) in which story stems are represented on the computer by the movement of simple screen ‘dolls’.This paper reports on a preliminary validation study of the CMCAST method against the MCAST.Fifty‐five children completed the MCAST and CMCAST six weeks apart in random order. It proved possible to rate the CMCAST if a simplified form of the MCAST coding system was used. Inter‐rater reliability was achieved for both versions (kappa = 0.93 for MCAST and kappa = 0.91 for CMCAST). Agreement between the MCAST and CMCAST ratings of attachment security was kappa = 0.67. Costs for the MCAST and CMCAST were comparable.A school‐based feasibility study of 86 children suggested that the CMCAST was acceptable and could be administered with up to five children simultaneously.This preliminary study suggests that the CMCAST can reliably reproduce a simplified form of MCAST coding. The computer format may be well adapted to some uses such as screening for large‐scale epidemiological research. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.