bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A framework for costing diagnostic methods in oral health care: An application comparing a new imaging technology with the conventional approach for maxillary canines with eruption disturbances
Authors: Christell Helena , Birch Stephen , Horner Keith , Rohlin Madeleine , Lindh Christina ,   The SEDENTEXCT consortium
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectivesThe aims were (i) to propose a framework for costing diagnostic methods in oral health care and (ii) to illustrate the application of the framework to the radiographic examination of maxillary canines with eruption disturbances.MethodsThe framework for costing, following Drummond et al. (2005), includes three elements: (i) identification of different resources used in producing and delivering the service, (ii) measurement of the amount of each resource required and (iii) valuation of the resources in monetary terms. Four data collection instruments were designed – a protocol for apportioning the cost of capital equipment to each diagnostic procedure, separate forms for recording consumable items, for the time of different health care providers used for a diagnostic examination and a patient survey for calculation of the total cost to the patient associated with the examination. The framework was applied to the radiographic examination of maxillary canines with eruption disturbances comparing two imaging methods: (i) a new method with cone beam computed tomography and panoramic radiography and (ii) a conventional method using intraoral and panoramic radiography. The primary analysis was performed from the perspective of the health care system. A separate analysis included patient costs with health care system costs to provide a societal perspective. Comparison of the two perspectives allows consideration of whether any costs savings to the health care system are generated at the expense of greater costs for patients and their families. Data for the cost‐analysis were retrieved from 47 patients (mean age 14 years) referred to a department of radiology for examination of maxillary canines.ResultsApplication of the framework for costing allowed us to compare the resources used to perform examinations of the two methods. The mean total cost per examination for the new method was 128.38€ and 81.80€ for the conventional method, resulting in an incremental cost per examination of the new method of 46.58€.ConclusionsThe application of the framework demonstrates the feasibility of measuring and comparing the total costs as well as the distribution of total costs between providers and patients for different approaches to this common examination.
Combined cytoplasmic and membranous EGFR and p53 overexpression is a poor prognostic marker in early stage oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Monteiro Luís Silva , Diniz‐Freitas Márcio , Garcia‐Caballero Tomás , Warnakulasuriya Saman , Forteza Jerónimo , Fraga Máximo 
Published: March 2012

J Oral Pathol Med (2012) 41: 559–567Objective:  Our aim was to evaluate the expression of several molecules that regulate growth, the cell cycle and signalling pathways including EGFR, p53, p16 and p27 in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC). We examined their utility as prognostic markers by relating to clinicopathological characteristics and the clinical outcome.Patients and methods:  Using tissue microarray technology, we analysed 67 primary OSCC and examined immunohistochemical expression of EGFR, p53, p16 and p27. Multivariate analysis was conducted to examine their role in survival.Results:  Many of the markers were highly expressed in these cancers. Membranous EGFR expression in 95.2%, both membrane and cytoplasm expression in 35%, p53 expression in 61.6%, p27 expression in 89.5% and p16 expression in 27.9% of cases. In the multivariate analysis, independent prognostic influence of a lower overall survival was determined only for advanced tumour stage (P < 0.001), p53 overexpression (P = 0.004), EGFR cytoplasm and membrane co‐expression location (P = 0.002) and p16 reduced expression (P = 0.002). When considering a subgroup of early stage tumours, p53 overexpression (P = 0.028) and combined membranous and cytoplasm EGFR co‐expression (P = 0.039) were indicators of a lower overall survival. For disease‐free survival, in addition to these three factors, the histological grade (P = 0.011) showed independent prognostic values.Conclusion:  The independent value of EGFR subcellular location (cytoplasm and membrane) and p53 overexpression in overall survival even in early stages of OSCC suggests that these markers may serve as reliable biological markers to identify high‐risk subgroups and to guide therapy.
Biologics in oral medicine: Sjogren syndrome
Authors: O’Neill ID , Scully C 
Published: March 2012

Oral Diseases (2012) doi:10.1111/j.1601‐0825.2012.01932.xBiologic therapy has a potential to benefit patients with orofacial manifestations of Sjogren syndrome (SS). The most appropriate use of biologics would appear to be in patients with severe or multisystem features of SS, but their use early in the pathogenesis has the potential to prevent disease progression. Tumour necrosis factor‐alpha blockade has not proven effective in SS. B‐cell depletion using rituximab has been of benefit, mainly in relation to extraglandular features, and to some extent in relation to hyposalivation where there is still residual salivary function. Rituximab is also effective in the treatment of SS‐associated (extrasalivary) lymphomas, although the therapeutic response in salivary lymphoma is poorer. Rituximab is given as a single or periodic intravenous infusion. Potential adverse effects exist, notably infusion reactions and infection, and so a full risk/benefit analysis is indicated for prospective patients. This and clinical use is best performed and monitored in conjunction with rheumatologists with appropriate training and experience in biologic therapies. Further studies of rituximab in SS are ongoing, and newer agents under trial include belimumab.
Scale‐dependent responses of species richness to experimental manipulation of productivity and disturbance in Californian coastal grasslands
Authors: Sandel Brody , Corbin Jeffrey D. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractQuestionRelationships between species richness and environmental drivers such as productivity and disturbance are sensitive to the scale over which they are measured, but the extent to which this scale‐dependence is important for experimental studies conducted over small scale ranges is not well known. We ask whether the response of species richness to experimental manipulation of productivity and disturbance varies across small spatial scales (0.016–4 m2). We show that species–area relationships are well suited to summarize cross‐scale responses of species richness, and ask whether the responses of species–area relationships to experimental manipulations are more consistent than richness at any single scale.LocationNorthern Californian coastal grasslands.MethodsWe applied disturbance and productivity reduction treatments over 4 yr at two sites. We assessed changes in species richness over five grain sizes, encompassing a 256‐fold range of plot size. This allowed us to construct a species–area relationship for each experimental plot in each sampling year. We used the slope of the species–area relationship to summarize changes in species richness across multiple spatial scales.ResultsRichness responses were scale‐dependent and complex, causing changes at any one scale to be difficult to interpret. Disturbance either increased or had no effect on richness, while reducing productivity had idiosyncratic effects among sites, scales and years. Both treatments, however, had consistent and interpretable effects on the species–area relationship. Reducing productivity increased the slope of the species–area relationship, while disturbance decreased it.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the productivity–richness and disturbance–richness relationships are scale‐dependent, and that improved generality could be achieved by focusing attention on the response of the species–area relationship to these factors.
What Is Right? Ethics in Intellectual Disabilities Research
Authors: McDonald Katherine E. , Kidney Colleen A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThere are important benefits to including adults with intellectual disabilities in research. Calls for their increased participation in research co‐occur with notable discussion about how to conduct ethically strong research with adults with intellectual disabilities, a population widely considered vulnerable in the context of research. The authors systematically researched the peer‐reviewed literature on ethical practices in research with adults with intellectual disabilities to identify and analyze conceptually and empirically supported ethical approaches to research in the area of research with adults with intellectual disabilities. They conducted a thematic analysis of the 37 articles that met inclusion criteria. They identified three overarching themes: (1) guiding frameworks and approaches; (2) strategies to promote accountability to ethics; and (3) making decisions about participation, including considerations for coercion, capacity to consent, surrogate decision‐making, and promoting understanding. From the review, they noted diverse recommendations for ethical research practices, characterized by a lack of consensus, entrenched tensions in value orientations, and gaps in knowledge and practice. Attention to promising strands of scholarship that emphasize attention to strengths, autonomy, dignity of risk, and a contextually based framing of consent capacity may be particularly fruitful. Similarly, bringing to the forefront the role of accommodations in promoting participation, systematically studying diverse ethical aspects of research, and identifying and considering the perspectives of persons with intellectual disabilities may represent critical next steps. They suggest that research collaborations between academics and persons with intellectual disabilities present opportunities to further strengthen the ethical integrity of research in the field.A video abstract of this article can be viewed at http://youtu.be/5Oqx02Aw3xs.
Comorbidities Associated With Intellectual Disability among Pediatric Outpatients Seen at a Teaching Hospital in Northern India
Authors: Jauhari Prashant , Bhargava Roli , Bhave Anupama , Kumar Chandrakanta , Kumar Rashmi 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThere is a dearth of comprehensive studies on comorbidities associated with intellectual disability (ID) in developing economy countries. This prospective study reports the prevalence of common comorbidities observed in a cohort of children with ID presenting to a regional medical center in Northern India. Subjects were drawn from the first three children between 6 months and 15 years of age presenting with complaints of developmental delay or mental dullness on one day a week at a pediatric outpatient unit and at the pediatric neurology clinic of a university teaching hospital. All potential subjects were tested for global developmental delay or ID by validated tests, and then the children were assessed for a set of predefined comorbid conditions, including epilepsy, cerebral palsy, microcephaly, impaired vision or hearing, feeding disorder, malnutrition, constipation, squint, drooling, violent behavior, autism, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The prevalence of comorbidities was found to be high, and it increased with severity of ID, except for ADHD, autism, and violent behavior, which decreased. Comparisons between children with and without cerebral palsy showed that most conditions were more common in children with cerebral palsy (in particular, epilepsy and constipation). A high prevalence of neurologic and medical comorbidities was seen in children with ID in Northern India, which underlines the need for a multidisciplinary approach to their identification and treatment.
An open‐label phase I trial of a live attenuated H2N2 influenza virus vaccine in healthy adults
Authors: Talaat Kawsar R. , Karron Ruth A. , Liang Philana H. , McMahon Bridget A. , Luke Catherine J. , Thumar Bhagvanji , Chen Grace L. , Min Ji‐Young , Lamirande Elaine W. , Jin Hong , Coelingh Kathy L. , Kemble George W. , Subbarao Kanta 
Published: March 2012

Please cite this paper as: Talaat et al. (2012) An open‐label phase I trial of a live attenuated H2N2 influenza virus vaccine in healthy adults. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses DOI: 10.1111/j.1750‐2659.2012.00350.x.Background  Live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIV) against a variety of strains of pandemic potential are being developed and tested. We describe the results of an open‐label phase I trial of a live attenuated H2N2 virus vaccine.Objectives  To evaluate the safety, infectivity, and immunogenicity of a live attenuated H2N2 influenza virus vaccine.Participants/methods  The A/Ann Arbor/6/60 (H2N2) virus used in this study is the attenuated, cold‐adapted, temperature‐sensitive strain that provides the genetic backbone of seasonal LAIV (MedImmune). We evaluated the safety, infectivity, and immunogenicity of two doses of 107 TCID50 of this vaccine administered by nasal spray 4 weeks apart to normal healthy seronegative adults.Results  Twenty‐one participants received a first dose of the vaccine; 18 participants received a second dose. No serious adverse events occurred during the trial. The most common adverse events after vaccination were headache and musculoskeletal pain. The vaccine was restricted in replication: 24% and 17% had virus detectable by culture or rRT‐PCR after the first and second dose, respectively. Antibody responses to the vaccine were also restricted: 24% of participants developed an antibody response as measured by either hemagglutination‐inhibition assay (10%), or ELISA for H2 HA‐specific serum IgG (24%) or IgA (16%) after either one or two doses. None of the participants had a neutralizing antibody response. Vaccine‐specific IgG‐secreting cells as measured by enzyme‐linked immunospot increased from a mean of 0·5 to 2·0/106 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs); vaccine‐specific IgA‐secreting cells increased from 0·1 to 0·5/106 PBMCs.Conclusions  The live attenuated H2N2 1960 AA ca vaccine demonstrated a safety profile consistent with seasonal trivalent LAIV but was restricted in replication and minimally immunogenic in healthy seronegative adults.
ALDH1A1 is a Marker of Astrocytic Differentiation during Brain Development and Correlates with Better Survival in Glioblastoma Patients
Authors: Adam S. Alexandra , Schnell Oliver , Pöschl Julia , Eigenbrod Sabina , Kretzschmar Hans A. , Tonn Jörg‐Christian , Schüller Ulrich 
Published: March 2012

AbstractGlioblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor and patients usually succumb to their disease within 2 years. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1) has been suggested as a marker for cancer stem cells that is associated with poor prognosis in human gliomas. However, little is known about the expression and the function of ALDH1A1 in early stages of brain development. We analyzed ALDH1A1 expression in developing and mature central nervous system (CNS) as well as in 93 cases of primary glioblastomas. Surprisingly, ALDH1A1 was absent in the stem cell niches at varying stages of CNS development, but strong ALDH1A1 expression was observed in mature astrocytes coexpressing GFAP and S100. There were 92 out of 93 glioblastomas (99%) that showed ALDH1A1 protein expression in up to 49% of tumor cells. The majority of these cells co‐expressed GFAP, but not established stem cell markers such as Nestin, OLIG2 or SOX2. Finally, strong expression of ALDH1A1 correlated with a significantly better survival of the patients and proved to be an independent prognostic marker in our series (P < 0.01). In contrast to other published data, we therefore provide evidence for ALDH1A1 as a marker of astrocytic differentiation during brain development and of better prognosis in patients suffering from primary glioblastoma.
Clinical application of immune‐enhanced enteral nutrition in patients with advanced gastric cancer after total gastrectomy
Authors: LIU Hua , LING Wei , SHEN Zhi Yong , JIN Xin , CAO Hui 
Published: March 2012

OBJECTIVE:  To determine whether immune‐enhanced enteral nutrition (EN) was effective on nutritional status, immune function, surgical outcomes and days of hospitalization after total gastrectomy for patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC).METHODS:  From August 2005 to May 2011, 78 patients with AGC who underwent a total gastrectomy were enrolled and divided randomly into three groups: immune‐enhanced EN (EN + glutamine [Gln]) group, standard EN group and control group. Serum parameters including total protein, albumin, proalbumin and transferrin were examined on preoperative day 1, postoperative day 2 and day 12. Levels of immunoglobulin M (IgM), immunoglobulin G (IgG), natural killer (NK) cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were also compared.RESULTS:  The formulas were tolerated well in all the patients except 5 with mild complications. The EN + Gln and EN groups showed a faster onset of flatus and shorter hospitalization duration than the control group. On postoperative day 12, serum total protein, albumin, proalbumin and transferrin levels of the EN + Gln and EN groups were significantly higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05). CD4+ T cells, NK cells, IgM and IgG levels of the EN + Gln group increased prominently, and were significantly higher than those before the operation as well as those in the EN and control groups.CONCLUSION:  Immune‐enhanced EN can improve nutritional status and immune function for the patients with AGC after total gastrectomy.
Réformes du financement des systèmes d'assurance maladie aux Pays‐Bas, en Allemagne et en France: quelles conséquences en matière de couverture sociale et de redistribution?
Authors: Turquet Pascale 
Published: March 2012

RésuméLes systèmes d'assurance maladie allemand, français et néerlandais s'efforcent depuis plusieurs années de freiner leurs dépenses et de diversifier leurs ressources, à l'origine essentiellement constituées de contributions sociales. Cette diversification peut passer par un élargissement de l'assiette des financements publics, mais aussi par un recours accru à des recettes et des opérateurs privés. Dans le cas de l'Allemagne et des Pays‐Bas, ces réformes vont de pair avec la volonté de mise en compétition des organismes assureurs. En France, l'assurance complémentaire privée est devenue indispensable à un bon accès aux soins. Mais ces mesures ne sont pas dénuées de conséquences en matière de redistribution, conséquences que des dispositifs d'assistance peinent à corriger.
A universal method for the detection and identification of Aphidiinae parasitoids within their aphid hosts
Authors: DEROCLES STEPHANE A. P. , PLANTEGENEST MANUEL , SIMON JEAN‐CHRISTOPHE , TABERLET PIERRE , LE RALEC ANNE 
Published: March 2012

AbstractMolecular methods are increasingly used to detect and identify parasites in their hosts. However, existing methods are generally not appropriate for studying complex host–parasite interactions because they require prior knowledge of species composition. DNA barcoding is a molecular method that allows identifying species using DNA sequences as an identification key. We used DNA amplification with primers common to aphid parasitoids and sequencing of the amplified fragment to detect and identify parasitoids in their hosts, without prior knowledge on the species potentially present. To implement this approach, we developed a method based on 16S rRNA mitochondrial gene and LWRh nuclear gene. First, we designed two primer pairs specific to Aphidiinae (Hymenoptera), the main group of aphid parasitoids. Second, we tested whether the amplified regions could correctly identify Aphidiinae species and found that 61 species were accurately identified of 75 tested. We then determined the ability of each primer pair to detect immature parasitoids inside their aphid host. Detection was earlier for 16S than for LWRh, with parasitoids detected, respectively, 24 and 48 h after egg injection. Finally, we applied this method to assess parasitism rate in field populations of several aphid species. The interest of this tool for analysing aphid‐parasitoid food webs is discussed.
Effects of the REMEEX System in Female Patients with Intrinsic Sphincteric Deficiency and Recurrent Urinary Incontinence: 3‐Year Outcomes
Authors: SONG Phil H. , HYUN Chang H. , SHIN Esther , JUNG Hee‐C. 
Published: March 2012

Objectives: To evaluate the long‐term outcomes of the REMEEX system (EXternal MEchanical REgulation, Neomedic International, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain) for the treatment of recurrent urinary incontinence (UI) and intrinsic sphincteric deficiency (ISD).Methods: From August 2006 to September 2007, a total of 30 patients underwent REMEEX system. Patients were categorized into failed UI (Group A, 11 patients) and ISD (Group B, 19 patients). The success rate of patients after surgery was assessed by cure and satisfaction rates postoperatively at follow‐up at 1, 12, and 36 months. Clinical, urodynamic, perioperative, and postoperative data of success rates were analyzed.Results: Total cure rates with REMEEX system(Group A/Group B) were 100.0/94.7% at 1 month and 90.9/79.0% at 3 years. Satisfaction rates were 100.0/89.5% at 1 month and 81.8/68.4% at 3 years in groups A and B. Two patients (6.7%) experienced wound infections. Of these, one patient was treated using intravenous antibiotics and the other had their varitensor removed. Other minimal postoperative complications were immediately resolved.Conclusion: The REMEEX system may be an effective procedure regardless of previous incontinence surgical interventions and ISD. The correct sling tension is easily achieved during the early postoperative period, and when necessary, is able to convert late failures into cures. The problems of recurrent UI during the follow‐up period were also resolved successfully in every case.
Negative emotional states, life adversity, and interrogative suggestibility
Authors: McGroarty Allan , Thomson Heather 
Published: March 2012

Purpose. Interrogative suggestibility has been shown to vary according to cognitive and personality factors and if reliably measured may predict performance in real forensic interviews. It is therefore of both theoretical and practical interest to identify which psychological factors are most closely related to suggestible responding. This study examines the extent to which individual differences in negative emotional states predict performance on a measure of interrogative suggestibility and also tests the assumption that self‐reports of negative life events are associated with suggestibility.Method. A non‐clinical sample (N= 80) of participants was administered the brief form of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS‐21), the Life Experiences Survey (LES), and the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale (GSS‐1).Results. Negative emotional states were found to correlate positively, although moderately, with all of the suggestibility measures. Multiple regression analyses found significant predictive models emerged for Yield 1, Yield 2, and Total Suggestibility. Each of these predicted a small proportion of the variance. Negative life event impact ratings were not associated with interrogative suggestibility.Conclusions. The findings suggest that brief self‐report measures of negative emotional states are limited as predictors of interrogative suggestibility. The results also call into question the predictive utility of traditional checklist measures of life adversity for forensic purposes.