bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Une légitimation critique du roman historique : l'exemple de Cinq-Mars
Authors: Hautbout Isabelle 
Published: July 2011

Pionnier du roman historique tel qu’il se développe en France au XIX e siècle, Alfred de Vigny doit le défendre contre des accusations de mensonge. C’est ainsi qu’en 1829, il fait précéder Cinq-Mars de « Réflexions sur la vérité dans l’art ». La défense des choix du romancier contre les prétentions des historiens ne se limite cependant pas à ce manifeste idéaliste ; elle se trouve au cœur même du roman. Vigny y met en cause les interprétations surnaturelles invoquant la Providence ou le Destin pour expliquer des faits auxquels il applique plutôt des causes humaines et une lecture politique. Critique envers Richelieu, son analyse s’oppose à des sources grossièrement louangeuses, qui ne sont guère citées que pour être contredites et complexifiées. Plus largement, Cinq-Mars met en doute la possibilité d’appréhender et de représenter une réalité insaisissable. Le roman suggère cependant qu’il peut en offrir le reflet le plus fidèle en s’affirmant comme illusion. Vigny légitime ainsi le genre émergeant du roman historique en engageant une interrogation profonde de l’écriture des faits, des êtres et du monde.
L'assurantialisation de la société française
Authors: Ewald François 
Published: July 2011

Résumé La Révolution française avait interdit l’assurance. Aussi bien les assurances sur la vie (« La vie n’a pas de prix », disait Portalis) que les assurances de biens (elles invitent à la négligence). Deux siècles plus tard, l’examen du budget des protections montre qu’en presque totalité elles relèvent de l’assurance. En matière de sécurité, le phénomène essentiel est l’assurancialisation de la société, processus qui s’est poursuivi continuellement sous l’égide de politiques publiques pourtant adossées sur des programmes fort différents : « responsabilité » au XIX e siècle, « solidarité » au XX e . Les politiques de protection futures sont déterminées par la gestion de cet héritage.
Extracellular Histones Are Mediators of Death through TLR2 and TLR4 in Mouse Fatal Liver Injury
Authors: Xu Jun , Zhang Xiaomei , Monestier Marc , Esmon Naomi L. , Esmon Charles T. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
We previously reported that extracellular histones are major mediators of death in sepsis. Infusion of extracellular histones leads to increased cytokine levels. Histones activate TLR2 and TLR4 in a process that is enhanced by binding to DNA. Activation of TLR4 is responsible for the histone-dependent increase in cytokine levels. To study the impact of histone release on pathology we used two models: a Con A-triggered activation of T cells to mimic sterile inflammation, and acetaminophen to model drug-induced tissue toxicity. Histones were released in both models and anti-histone Abs were protective. TLR2- or TLR4-null mice were also protected. These studies imply that histone release contributes to death in inflammatory injury and in chemical-induced cellular injury, both of which are mediated in part through the TLRs.
Silencing MicroRNA-155 Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Murugaiyan Gopal , Beynon Vanessa , Mittal Akanksha , Joller Nicole , Weiner Howard L. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
IFN-γ–producing Th1 and IL-17–producing Th17 cells are the key participants in various autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Although both of these T cell subsets are known to be regulated by specific transcription factors and cytokines, the role of microRNAs that control these two inflammatory T cell subsets and whether targeting microRNAs can have therapeutic effects are not known. In this study, we show that microRNA-155 (Mir-155) expression is elevated in CD4+ T cells during EAE, and Mir-155−/− mice had a delayed course and reduced severity of disease and less inflammation in the CNS. The attenuation of EAE in Mir-155−/− mice was associated with a decrease in Th1 and Th17 responses in the CNS and peripheral lymphoid organs. The T cell-intrinsic function of Mir-155−/− was demonstrated by the resistance of Mir-155−/− CD4+ T cell-repleted Rag-1−/− mice to EAE. Finally, we found that anti–Mir-155 treatment reduced clinical severity of EAE when given before and after the appearance of clinical symptoms. These findings demonstrate that Mir-155 confers susceptibility to EAE by affecting inflammatory T cell responses and identify Mir-155 as a new target for therapeutic intervention in multiple sclerosis.
Immune Unresponsiveness to Secondary Heterologous Bacterial Infection after Sepsis Induction Is TRAIL Dependent
Authors: Gurung Prajwal , Rai Deepa , Condotta Stephanie A. , Babcock Jeffrey C. , Badovinac Vladimir P. , Griffith Thomas S. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Sepsis is the leading cause of death in most intensive care units, and patients who survive the hyperinflammation that develops early during sepsis later display severely compromised immunity. Not only is there apoptosis of lymphoid and myeloid cells during sepsis that depletes these critical cellular components of the immune system, but also the remaining immune cells show decreased function. Using a cecal-ligation and puncture (CLP) model to induce intra-abdominal polymicrobial peritonitis, we recently established a link between the apoptotic cells generated during sepsis and induction of sepsis-induced suppression of delayed-type hypersensitivity. The present study extends this earlier work to include a secondary heterologous bacterial infection (OVA257-expressing Listeria monocytogenes [LM-OVA]) subsequent to sepsis initiation to investigate sepsis-induced alterations in the control of this secondary infection and the associated naive Ag-specific CD8 T cell response. We found that CLP-treated wild-type (WT) mice had a reduced ability to control the LM-OVA infection, which was paralleled by suppressed T cell responses, versus sham-treated WT mice. In contrast, CLP-treated Trail−/− and Dr5−/− mice were better able to control the secondary bacterial infection, and the Ag-specific CD8 T cell response was similar to that seen in sham-treated mice. Importantly, administration of a blocking anti-TRAIL mAb to CLP-treated WT mice was able to restore the ability to control the LM-OVA infection and generate Ag-specific CD8 T cell responses like those seen in sham-treated mice. These data further implicate TRAIL-dependent immune suppression during sepsis and suggest TRAIL neutralization may be a potential therapeutic target to restore cellular immunity in septic patients.
Adoption of Health Information Exchange by Emergency Physicians at Three Urban Academic Medical Centers
Authors: Shapiro J. , Vaidya S. , Kuperman G. , Genes N. 
Published: July 2011

Summary
Objectives: Emergency physicians are trained to make decisions quickly and with limited patient information. Health Information Exchange (HIE) has the potential to improve emergency care by bringing relevant patient data from non-affiliated organizations to the bedside. NYCLIX (New York CLinical Information eXchange) offers HIE functionality among multiple New York metropolitan area provider organizations and has pilot users in several member emergency departments (EDs).
Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews at three participating EDs with emergency physicians trained to use NYCLIX. Among “users” with > 1 login, responses to questions regarding typical usage scenarios, successful retrieval of data, and areas for improving the interface were recorded. Among “non-users” with ≤1 login, questions about NYCLIX accessibility and utility were asked. Both groups were asked to recall items from prior training regarding data sources and availability.
Results: Eighteen NYCLIX pilot users, all board certified emergency physicians, were interviewed. Of the 14 physicians with more than one login, half estimated successful retrieval of HIE data affecting patient care. Four non-users (one login or less) cited forgotten login information as a major reason for non-use. Though both groups made errors, users were more likely to recall true NYCLIX member sites and data elements than non-users. Improvements suggested as likely to facilitate usage included a single automated login to both the ED information system (EDIS) and HIE, and automatic notification of HIE data availability in the EDIS All respondents reported satisfaction with their training.
Conclusions: Integrating HIE into existing ED workflows remains a challenge, though a substantial fraction of users report changes in management based on HIE data. Though interviewees believed their training was adequate, significant errors in their understanding of available NYCLIX data elements and participating sites persist.
Supra Acetabular Bone Mineral Density Measurements after Hip Resurfacing Arthroplasty at Short Term Follow Up
Authors: Yahia Chabane Ait , Diwanji Sanket , Ganapati Muthu , Vendittoli Pascal-André , Lavigne Martin 
Published: July 2011

Implantation of a cementless press-fit acetabular cup during hip arthroplasty alters stress transfer to the periacetabular bone, resulting in stress shielding of cancellous bone and enhanced load transfer to cortical bone. Theoretically, the thicker, stiffer and larger acetabular cup of a hip resurfacing may increase periacetabular bone stress shielding. We attempted to assess the matter (at a minimum of 2 years after surgery) by measuring any difference in supra acetabular bone mineral density (BMD) between the side implanted with a thick monoblock cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) acetabular component during hip resurfacing (HR) and the opposite non-operated side. We retrospectively recruited 44 patients who had undergone metal-on-metal hybrid hip resurfacing for unilateral osteoarthritis of the hip joint. BMD of the supra acetabular bone of both hips was measured using a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan. The BMD measured in Zone 2 was not different on the operated side (1.69 g/cm2 ± 0.48) compared with the non-operated side (1.70 g/cm2 ±0.49) (p=0.904). Contrary to our expectations, implantation of a monoblock Co-Cr acetabular component during HR did not cause significant stress-shielding of supra acetabular cancellous bone.
Bacterial display in combinatorial protein engineering
Authors: Löfblom John 
Published: July 2011

AbstractTechnologies for display of recombinant protein libraries are today essential tools in many research‐intensive fields, such as in the drug discovery processes of biopharmaceutical development. Phage display is still the most widely used method, but alternative systems are available and are becoming increasingly popular. The most rapidly expanding of the alternative systems are the cell display‐based technologies, offering innovative strategies for selection and characterization of affinity proteins. Most investigations have focused on eukaryotic yeast for display of protein libraries, but similar systems are also being developed using prokaryotic hosts. This review summarizes the field of bacterial surface display with a strong emphasis on library applications for generation of new affinity proteins. The main focus will be on the most recent progress of the work on primarily Escherichia coli, but also on studies using a recently developed system for display on Gram‐positive Staphylococcus carnosus. In addition, general strategies for combinatorial protein engineering using cell display are discussed along with the latest developments of new methodologies with comparisons to mainly phage display technology.
Bioprocess monitoring by marker gene analysis
Authors: Schweder Thomas 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe optimization and the scale up of industrial fermentation processes require an efficient and possibly comprehensive analysis of the physiology of the production system throughout the process development. Furthermore, to ensure a good quality control of established bioprocesses, on‐line analysis techniques for the determination of marker gene expression are of interest to monitor the productivity and the safety of bioprocesses. A prerequisite for such analyses is the knowledge of genes, the expression of which is critical either for the productivity or for the performance of the bioprocess. This work reviews marker genes that are specific indicators for stress‐ and nutrient‐limitation conditions or for the physiological status of the bacterial production hosts Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Escherichia coli. The suitability of existing gene expression analysis techniques for bioprocess monitoring is discussed. Analytical approaches that enable a robust and sensitive determination of selected marker mRNAs or proteins are presented.
Low‐Dimensional Frameworks in Solid State Chemistry of Mo6 and Re6 Cluster Chalcohalides
Authors: Perrin André , Perrin Christiane 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe low‐dimensional Mo6 and Re6 cluster chalcohalides synthesised from solid‐state reactions at high temperature are reviewed. Their crystal structures are described in terms of interunit connectivities involving inner and apical ligands shared between adjacent cluster units. It will be shown that such architectures are controlled by the geometry of the M6L14 cluster units, the steric hindrance of the ligands linked to the M6 cluster, the specific location imposed on the halogen or chalcogen ligand and the most favourable electron count on the cluster core, considering halogen and chalcogen stoichiometries.
Lanthanide Aminoisophthalate Coordination Polymers: A Promising System for Tunable Luminescent Properties
Authors: Luo Yun , Calvez Guillaume , Freslon Stéphane , Bernot Kevin , Daiguebonne Carole , Guillou Olivier 
Published: July 2011

AbstractReactions in water between the disodium salt of 5‐amino‐1,3‐benzenedicarboxylic acid or 5‐aminoisophthalate (Na2aip) and lanthanide chlorides lead to two families of coordination polymers with the respective general chemical formulae {[Ln6(aip)7(H2O)24]·2(aip)·6H2O}∞in which Ln = Tm or Yb (Family 1) and {[Ln2(aip)2(H2O)10]·(aip)·4H2O}∞in which Ln = La–Er (except Pm) or Y (Family 2). Compounds belonging to Family 1 are isostructural. The crystal structure has been solved for the Er‐containing compound. This compound crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space groupP21/n(n°14) witha= 13.3439(3) Å,b= 27.3332(8) Å,c= 15.7191(4) Å,β= 97.90(1)°,V= 5680.41(82) Å3andZ= 4. The crystal structure can be described as the juxtaposition of double helicoidal chains. Additional aminoisophthalate ions insuring the electroneutrality of the network are lying in the interchain space. Compounds belonging to Family 2 are isostructural. The crystal structure has been solved for the Eu‐containing compound. This compound crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group Pn (n°7) witha= 11.3427(2) Å,b= 10.6663(1) Å,c= 15.1639(3) Å,β= 97.8998(9)°,V= 1817.19(5) Å3andZ= 2. The crystal structure can be described as the juxtaposition of zigzag double chains. Additional aminoisophthalate ligands are lying in the interchain space insuring the electroneutrality of the network. The luminescent properties under UV irradiation of these compounds have been explored. In particular, quantum yields, lifetimes and colorimetric coordinates of the Tb‐, the Sm‐, and the Dy‐containing coordination polymers have been determined.
Molecular Modeling Study of the Carbohydrate Region of the Endotoxin from Burkholderia cenocepacia ET‐12
Authors: Ieranò Teresa , Nurisso Alessandra , Lanzetta Rosa , Parrilli Michelangelo , Silipo Alba , Imberty Anne , Molinaro Antonio 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn this work we define the solution conformation of the saccharide of a lipopolysaccharide molecule extracted from a clinical isolate strain of the human opportunistic pathogen Burkholderia cenocepacia. The conformational behavior has been explored by means of NMR spectroscopy, NOE‐based conformational analysis, molecular modeling (MM), and molecular dynamics (MD) studies. The results indicate a remarkable rigidity of the inner core region, ascribable to the structural motifs essential for bacterial surviving, which markedly contributes to the strength, stability, and rigidity of the cellular membrane. On the other hand, the monosaccharide residues extending from the inner core to the outer core region show significant flexibility and can be the target of recognition and binding of endogenous and host‐released proteins. This study sheds light on the three dimensional arrangement of Burkholderia LPS and is an important step toward developing a structure–function relationship analysis of the virulence factor that is responsible for the severe pathogenicity Burkholderia.
Topography‐Induced Cell Adhesion to Acr‐sP(EO‐stat‐PO) Hydrogels: The Role of Protein Adsorption
Authors: Schulte Vera A. , Diez Mar , Möller Martin , Lensen Marga C. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractTopographic surface patterning of intrinsically non‐adhesive P(EO‐stat‐PO)‐based hydrogels can lead to the adhesion and spreading of fibroblasts. Explanations for this unexpected behavior are discussed, particularly with regard to non‐specific protein adsorption from the serum‐supplemented culture medium. The presence of serum proteins is shown to be essential for adhesion. Adsorption of plasma and ECM proteins (Fibronectin (FN) and Vitronectin (VN)) to the hydrogels is possible. The effect of VN on initial cell adhesion is analyzed in detail. It appears that VN is the main serum component that is crucial for initial cell adhesion to PEG and that surface topography is essential for further, durable adhesion establishment, and spreading.magnified image
Polybenzimidazolium‐Based Solid Electrolytes
Authors: Henkensmeier Dirk , Kim Hyoung‐Juhn , Lee Hye‐Jin , Lee Dong Hoon , Oh In‐Hwan , Hong Seong‐Ahn , Nam Suk‐Woo , Lim Tae‐Hoon 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA series of methyl, benzyl, and mixed polybenzimidazolium halides was synthesised and characterised by NMR spectroscopy. Membranes were formed and ion exchanged with hydroxides. These membranes are of interest for use in potentially platinum‐free anionic exchange membrane fuel cells. Crosslinked membranes were obtained by the addition of α,α′‐dibromo‐p‐xylene to the casting solution. The ion conductivity of membranes was determined by impedance spectroscopy. A hydroxide conductivity of 29 mS · cm−1 at 26 °C and 58 mS · cm−1 at 60 °C was obtained. The thermal and hydrolytic stability was investigated and a pathway for hydrolytic degradation proposed. Hydroxide ions react at the 2 position, the intermediate carbinol opens to the amine–amide, and further degrades under chain scission to diamine and carboxylic acid.magnified image
Clay‐Catalyzed Cracking Leads to Suppressed Flammability in Clay–Polyolefin Nanocomposites
Authors: Kunkel Bryanna M. , Peoples Brian C. , Yung Cathleen M. , Scott Susannah L. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractOrganoclay–polyolefin nanocomposites have been shown to exhibit slightly increased thermal stability and decreased flammability, compared to unfilled polyolefins. In contrast, we find that when the clay has not been organically modified, the resulting polyolefin nanocomposites are less thermally stable and, unexpectedly, also much less flammable. In this contribution, we investigate the mechanistic origins of these effects. Clay–polyolefin nanocomposites were prepared by in situ polymerization of ethylene or propylene, using a catalyst adsorbed onto the clay. Decreased thermal stability is attributed to clay‐catalyzed polymer decomposition, while decreased flammability arises in part from clay‐catalyzed formation of a polyaromatic char from olefins trapped in the material by the dispersed nanofiller.magnified image
A Novel Strategy for the Controlled Synthesis of Silver Halide/Polyaniline Nanocomposites with Different Polyaniline Morphologies
Authors: Yin Huajie , Yang Jiping 
Published: July 2011

AbstractSilver halide/polyaniline nanocomposites with different polyaniline morphologies, i.e., nanotubes and nanofibers, were successfully synthesized simply based on the general chemical oxidation polymerization process of aniline in halide acid aqueous solution (i.e., HCl or HBr) with the presence of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA)‐stabilized silver nanoparticles (NPs) as the precursors of silver halide NPs (i.e., AgCl or AgBr). X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and FT‐IR results confirmed the structures of resultant silver halide/polyaniline nanocomposites. TEM and SEM images demonstrated that AgCl or AgBr NPs were well‐dispersed and embedded in the polyaniline matrix. The reasons for the new strategy for the preparation of silver halide/polyaniline nanocomposites were based on two key points: the first was the high reactivity of silver NPs with HCl or HBr to generate AgCl/AgBr NPs. Second, with the assistance of DBSA, polyaniline could be synthesized with various nanostructures, i.e., nanotubes and nanofibers.magnified image
Dynamic Electrical and Rheological Percolation in Isotactic Poly(propylene)/Carbon Black Composites
Authors: Huang Shilin , Liu Zhengying , Yin Chaolu , Wang Yu , Gao Yongjuan , Chen Chen , Yang Mingbo 
Published: July 2011

AbstractFlocculation of the filler particles in isotactic poly(propylene)/carbon black (iPP/CB) composite melts provides a way to understand electrical and rheological percolation processes. The iPP/CB composites were prepared by mild compounding to ensure a good filler dispersion. Electrical and dynamic rheological characterizations are used to monitor the network formation process in the composite melts. It is found that rheological percolation is more difficult to achieve than the electrical percolation in iPP/CB composites. The discrepancy comes from the different mechanisms for electron transport and stress transfer through the filler network.magnified image
Synthesis and Photovoltaic Properties of a Thienylenevinylene and Diketopyrrolopyrrole Copolymer with High Mobility
Authors: Lim Bogyu , Yeo Jun‐Seok , Khim Dongyoon , Kim Dong‐Yu 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA novel donor–acceptor‐type polymer with a low band‐gap that alternates electron‐rich thienylenevinylene groups with electron‐deficient diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) units (PETVTDPP) has been synthesized by Pd‐catalyzed Stille cross‐coupling polymerization. The polymer shows a broad absorption band of wavelengths that range from 330 to 900 nm, and a low band‐gap value of 1.43 eV. The field‐effect mobility of an organic thin‐film transistor based on this polymer is 0.05 cm2 · Vs−1. Bulk‐heterojunction solar cells using a mixture of PETVTDPP and PC[71]BM for the active layer show a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 1.94% under simulated AM 1.5 G solar irradiation at 100 mW · cm−2.magnified image