bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Wearable low-intensity pulsed Ultrasound treatment in the Movement disorder in Parkinson’s disease (the SWUMP trial): protocol for a single-site, double-blind, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zhong Chuanyu , Guo Ning , Hu Canfang , Ni Ruilong , Zhang Xiaojie , Meng Zheying , Liu Taotao , Ding Siqi , Ding Wanhai , Zhao Yuwu , Cao Li , Zheng Yuanyi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative illness marked by the loss of dopaminergic neurons, causing motor symptoms. Oral levodopa replacement therapy remains the gold standard in the treatment of PD. It is, nevertheless, a symptomatic treatment. There is currently no effective treatment for PD. Therefore, new therapies for PD are highly desirable. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has been shown to improve behavioral functions in PD animal models. It is a new type of neuromodulation approach that combines noninvasiveness with high spatial precision. The purpose of this study is to establish a new clinical protocol for LIPUS in the treatment of movement disorders in patients with PD.

Methods
This protocol is a single-site, prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial (RCT). Forty-eight participants with clinically confirmed PD will be randomly allocated to one of two groups: LIPUS group or sham group. All of the participants continue to use pharmacological therapy as a fundamental treatment. The primary outcome is the difference between groups from baseline to 4 months in the change in the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) motor score (part III). The secondary outcomes include the rating scales such as the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and other three rating scales, and medical examinations including high-density electroencephalography (hdEEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The primary safety outcome will be assessed at 4 months, and adverse events will be recorded.

Discussion
This study represents the clinical investigation into the efficacy of therapeutic LIPUS in the treatment of PD for the first time. If LIPUS is determined to be effective, it could offer a practical and innovative means of expanding the accessibility of ultrasound therapy by using a wearable LIPUS device within a home setting.

Trial registration
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2100052093. Registered on 17 October 2021.
Poly (aniline-co-aniline-2,5-disulfonic acid) / L-ascorbic acid / Ag@SiO2 / polysafranin nanocomposite: synthesis, characterization and anomalous electrical behaviour
Authors: Hassan Hammed H. A. M. , Fattah Marwa Abdel , Maged Fatma Abdel 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe report the synthesis of sulfonated copolyaniline/polysafranin/L-ascorbic acid/Ag@SiO2 fine powdered nanocomposites and investigate the influence of incorporating the dye on their conductivity. The composite was characterized via IR, UV, cyclic voltammetry (CV), electric, dielectric, SEM, TEM, TGA and DSC measurements. Microscopy images revealed intensified spherical particles that were dispersed across the entire surface, and the SiO2/Ag particles were distributed on the surface. The XRD results exhibited peaks at many 2q values, and their interatomic spacing (d) and crystallite (grain) sizes were calculated. The thermal degradation curves exhibited an interesting model of stability. The cyclic voltammogram exhibited redox peaks identical to those of the reported analogues. The d.c. conductivity of the oligomer varied from 0.06 − 0.016 (s/cm), and that of the composite varied from 0.008 to 0.016 (s/cm). The material changed from a semiconductor to a metallic material. The observed conductivity is mainly attributed to self-doping between the sulfonate groups and the charged nitrogen atoms in the polymer chains. The frequency dependence of the permittivity, ε′, showed a marked effect on the frequency window under consideration. The permittivity, ε′, is independent of the increase in the frequency of the oligomer and the composite. This behavior supports the non-Debye dependency by confirming the occurrence of electrode polarization and space charge effects. In conclusion, the incorporation of safranin dye with a thermally stable, highly sulfonated polyaniline derivative/Ag@SO2 nanocomposite achieved improved conductivity after heating. The d.c. conductivities are comparable to those of many commercial inorganic or organic composites, and because of their attractive electrical properties, we suggest that these materials are promising for electronic field applications.
Colorimetric sensor array for versatile detection and discrimination of model analytes with environmental relevance
Authors: Adampourezare Mina , Nikzad Behzad , Sajedi-Amin Sanaz , Rahimpour Elaheh 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn the current work, a rapid, simple, low-cost, and sensitive smartphone-based colorimetric sensor array coupled with pattern-recognition methods was proposed for the determination and differentiation of some organic and inorganic bases (i.e., OH−, CO32−, PO43−, NH3, ClO−, diethanolamine, triethanolamine) as model compounds. The sensing system has been designed based on color-sensitive dyes (Fuchsine, Giemsa, Thionine, and CoCl2) which were used as sensor elements. The color changes of a sensor array were observed by the naked eye. The color patterns were recorded using digital imaging in a three-dimensional (red, green, and blue) space and quantitatively analyzed with color calibration techniques. Distinctive colorimetric patterns for target bases via linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) were observed. The results indicated that the analytes related to each class (at the different concentration levels in the range of 0.001–1.0 mol L−1) were clustered together in the canonical discriminant plot and HCA dendrogram with high sensitivity and an overall precision of 85%. Furthermore, the first function factor of LDA correlated with the concentration of each target analyte in a correlation coefficient (R2) range of 0.864–0.996. These described procedures based on the colorimetric sensor array technique could be a promising candidate for practical applications in package technology and facile detection of pollutants.
Small GTPase Rab7 is involved in stress adaptation to carbon starvation to ensure the induced cellulase biosynthesis in Trichoderma reesei
Authors: Liu Lin , Wang Zhixing , Fang Yu , Yang Renfei , Pu Yi , Meng Xiangfeng , Liu Weifeng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
The saprophytic filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei represents one of the most prolific cellulase producers. The bulk production of lignocellulolytic enzymes by T. reesei not only relies on the efficient transcription of cellulase genes but also their efficient secretion after being translated. However, little attention has been paid to the functional roles of the involved secretory pathway in the high-level production of cellulases in T. reesei. Rab GTPases are key regulators in coordinating various vesicle trafficking associated with the eukaryotic secretory pathway. Specifically, Rab7 is a representative GTPase regulating the transition of the early endosome to the late endosome followed by its fusion to the vacuole as well as homotypic vacuole fusion. Although crosstalk between the endosomal/vacuolar pathway and the secretion pathway has been reported, the functional role of Rab7 in cellulase production in T. reesei remains unknown.

Results
A TrRab7 was identified and characterized in T. reesei. TrRab7 was shown to play important roles in T. reesei vegetative growth and vacuole morphology. Whereas knock-down of Trrab7 significantly compromised the induced production of T. reesei cellulases, overexpression of the key transcriptional activator, Xyr1, restored the production of cellulases in the Trrab7 knock-down strain (Ptcu-rab7KD) on glucose, indicating that the observed defective cellulase biosynthesis results from the compromised cellulase gene transcription. Down-regulation of Trrab7 was also found to make T. reesei more sensitive to various stresses including carbon starvation. Interestingly, overexpression of Snf1, a serine/threonine protein kinase known as an energetic sensor, partially restored the cellulase production of Ptcu-rab7KD on Avicel, implicating that TrRab7 is involved in an energetic adaptation to carbon starvation which contributes to the successful cellulase gene expression when T. reesei is transferred from glucose to cellulose.

Conclusions
TrRab7 was shown to play important roles in T. reesei development and a stress response to carbon starvation resulting from nutrient shift. This adaptation may allow T. reesei to successfully initiate the inducing process leading to efficient cellulase production. The present study provides useful insights into the functional involvement of the endosomal/vacuolar pathway in T. reesei development and hydrolytic enzyme production.
Meal support intervention for eating disorders: a mixed-methods systematic review
Authors: Ellis Aleshia , Gillespie Kerri , McCosker Laura , Hudson Carly , Diamond Gideon , Machingura Tawanda , Branjerdporn Grace , Woerwag-Mehta Sabine 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Objective
Mealtimes are a period of heightened distress for individuals with eating disorders. Patients frequently display maladaptive coping strategies, such as hiding food and using distraction techniques to avoid eating. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the evidence for meal support interventions as a first-line intervention for eating disorders.

Method
Six databases were systematically searched in January 2024. Papers including patients with an eating disorder, and meal support or meal supervision, were examined. Quality appraisal was conducted.

Results
Ten studies met inclusion criteria. Meal support was conducted individually and in group settings. Two studies examined the practical or interpersonal processes of meal support. Carers and trained clinicians implemented meal support. Individuals across the lifespan were examined. Settings included inpatient units, community clinics, and the home. Studies were heterogeneously evaluated with retrospective chart audits, pre- and post- cohort studies, semi-structured interviews, video analysis, and surveys.

Discussion
Meal support intervention is potentially suitable and beneficial for patients of various age groups and eating disorder diagnoses. Due to the lack of consistent approaches, it is apparent there is no standardised framework and manualised approach. This highlights the need for the development of a co-designed approach, adequate training, and rigorous evaluation.
Improved survival on super high-flux albumin-leaking hemodialysis and online hemodiafiltration with high albumin leakage in patients with mild hypoalbuminemia: evidence and a hypothesis
Authors: Okada Kazuyoshi , Tashiro Manabu , Michiwaki Hiroyuki , Inoue Tomoko , Shima Hisato , Minakuchi Jun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIt has been reported that survival on mild hypoalbuminemia due to high albumin leakage did not worsen in patients on hemodialysis (HD) or online hemodiafiltration (OHDF) even though the level of serum albumin is a classic nutrition marker associated with mortality. Survival was also equivalent on HD and OHDF for patients with similar levels of albumin leakage and serum albumin. Furthermore, survival on HD using a super high-flux (SHF) albumin-leaking membrane was better than that on HD using a SHF membrane, and survival on SHF albumin-leaking HD with high albumin leakage was better than that on OHDF with low albumin leakage. The following hypothesis regarding crosstalk between α1-microglobulin (α1MG) and albumin is proposed that can explain the mechanism by which the level of serum human mercaptoalbumin (HMA) increases postdialysis and decreases predialysis. At initiation of and during dialysis, the production of free α1MG in the liver increases by upregulation of the α1MG-bikunin precursor gene. The free α1MG rapidly reacts with some substances that are reversibly bound to human nonmercaptoalbumin (HNA)-1, resulting in the conversion to HMA and free α1MG with reduced activity (i.e., free α1MG with reduced or no antioxidant capacity) during dialysis and in the increased serum HMA level postdialysis. In addition, it is possible that both hypoalbuminemia and the conversion of HNA-1 to HMA increase the free form of indoxyl sulfate, which is removed by diffusion. The antioxidant capacity in serum after dialysis is mainly due to the very large amount of HMA, resulting in the conversion to HNA and the decreased serum HMA level before dialysis. However, the very small amount of free α1MG produced in the liver has strong antioxidant activity after dialysis.
A review of animal models utilized in preclinical studies of approved gene therapy products: trends and insights
Authors: Soufizadeh Parham , Mansouri Vahid , Ahmadbeigi Naser 
Published: April 2024

AbstractScientific progress heavily relies on rigorous research, adherence to scientific standards, and transparent reporting. Animal models play a crucial role in advancing biomedical research, especially in the field of gene therapy. Animal models are vital tools in preclinical research, allowing scientists to predict outcomes and understand complex biological processes. The selection of appropriate animal models is critical, considering factors such as physiological and pathophysiological similarities, availability, and ethical considerations. Animal models continue to be indispensable tools in preclinical gene therapy research. Advancements in genetic engineering and model selection have improved the fidelity and relevance of these models. As gene therapy research progresses, careful consideration of animal models and transparent reporting will contribute to the development of effective therapies for various genetic disorders and diseases. This comprehensive review explores the use of animal models in preclinical gene therapy studies for approved products up to September 2023. The study encompasses 47 approved gene therapy products, with a focus on preclinical trials. This comprehensive analysis serves as a valuable reference for researchers in the gene therapy field, aiding in the selection of suitable animal models for their preclinical investigations.
Relationship of thymic area with clinical-epidemiological variables and values of T-lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood of children with recurrent infections
Authors: Sotomayor Lugo Francisco , Zúñiga Rosales Yaíma , Pérez Martín Oliver , Hernández Reyes Evelyn , Antiguas Valdés Evelyn M. , Fundora Hernández Hermes , Rodríguez Guitiérrez Katia , Matas González Yaima , Hernández Imilla Casado , Villegas Valverde Carlos Agustín , Torres Rives Bárbara , Tam Rey Lázara Minerva , González Díaz Ihosvany , Hernández Rego Yaquima , Pita Ana María Simón , Macías Abraham Consuelo , Marcheco Teruel Beatriz 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Recurrent infections in childhood are the main cause of remission to the immunology service. T lymphocytes generated in the thymus are essential for fighting infection, making the thymus area an important predictor of the immune system’s competence. This study aimed to identify the possible relationship of the thymic area with clinical-epidemiological variables and values of subpopulations of T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of children with recurrent infections.

Methods
We conducted applied research using a transversal analytical design at the National Medical Genetics Center (Havana, Cuba), from January to August 2022. The study covered 73 children of which we analyzed clinical-epidemiological variables and the size of the thymus through ultrasound. Furthermore, we determined the relative and absolute values of the subpopulations of T cells using flow cytometry.

Results
Of the children studied, 65.8% had thymic hypoplasia. The children who breastfed for less than 6 months showed four times the risk of developing moderate-severe thymus hypoplasia (OR = 3.90, 95% CI: 1.21–12.61). A direct relationship was found between the area of the thymus and the child’s size (r = 0.238, p = 0.043) and weight (r = 0.233, p = 0.047). The relative values of CD3+ T lymphocytes decreased in the cases of mild hypoplasia (p = 0.018) and moderate-severe hypoplasia (p = 0.049). The thymus area was associated with the absolute cell count of CD8+ effector memory T cells (rs = −0.263, p = 0.024) and of the central memory T cells (r = −0.283, p = 0.015).

Conclusions
Breastfeeding for less than 6 months, as well as the weight and size of the child, are related to their thymus area. The subpopulation values of T lymphocytes detected suggest that patients with thymic hypoplasia develop a contraction of CD3+ T cells, which can make them more vulnerable to infectious processes. This finding was combined with an expansion of the memory compartments of the subpopulations of CD8+ T cells, suggesting a greater susceptibility to intracellular viral and bacterial infections in these cases.
Trial by YouTube: effects of expert psychiatric witness testimony on viewers' opinions of Amber Heard and Johnny Depp
Authors: Mason Oliver , Horton Beth , Starrett Caitlin 
Published: April 2024

Aims and methodWe aimed to assess whether viewing expert witness evidence regarding the mental health of Johnny Depp and Amber Heard in the 2022 court case in the USA would affect viewers’ attitudes towards the mental health of the two protagonists and towards mental illness in general. After viewing excerpts of the cross-examination evidence, 38 trial-naive undergraduate students completed the Prejudice towards People with a Mental Illness (PPMI) scale.ResultsFollowing viewing, participants held more stigmatising views of the protagonists than they held about mental disorders in general.Clinical implicationsIt is plausible that mass media trial coverage further stigmatises mental illness.
Hyper-network models for civil aviation systems
Authors: Sun Longlong , He Lisha , Zhang Qi , Chu Yue , Yang Huijie 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In a civil aviation system, each air-route could penetrate several sectors, and each sector can also be passed through by multiple air-routes. Two dual hyper-networks are proposed to model the facts, where the air-routes/sectors are taken as nodes/hyper-edges (model RS) and hyper-edges/nodes (model SR), respectively. They both share a growth mechanism of preferential attachment, which results in the Weibull distributions for the hyper-degrees of model RS and the hyper-edge cardinalities of model SR. The civil aviation systems in Mainland China turn out to follow an anti-preferential attachment.
E93 is indispensable for reproduction in ametabolous and hemimetabolous insects
Authors: Bai Yu , Lv Ya-Nan , Zeng Mei , Yan Zi-Yu , Huang Dan-Yan , Wen Jia-Zhen , Lu Hu-Na , Zhang Pei-Yan , Wang Yi-Fan , Ban Ning , Yuan Dong-Wei , Li Sheng , Luan Yun-Xia 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
Ecdysone-induced protein 93 (E93), known as the ‘adult-specifier’ transcription factor in insects, triggers metamorphosis in both hemimetabolous and holometabolous insects. Although E93 is conserved in ametabolous insects, its spatiotemporal expression and physiological function remain poorly understood. In this study, we first discover that, in the ametabolous firebrat Thermobia domestica, the previtellogenic ovary exhibits cyclically high E93 expression, and E93 mRNA is broadly distributed in previtellogenic ovarioles. E93 homozygous mutant females of T. domestica exhibit severe fecundity deficiency due to impaired previtellogenic development of the ovarian follicles, likely because E93 induces the expression of genes involved in ECM (extracellular matrix)-receptor interactions during previtellogenesis. Moreover, we reveal that in the hemimetabolous cockroach Blattella germanica, E93 similarly promotes previtellogenic ovarian development. In addition, E93 is also essential for vitellogenesis that is necessary to guarantee ovarian maturation and promotes the vitellogenesis-previtellogenesis switch in the fat body of adult female cockroaches. Our findings deepen the understanding of the roles of E93 in controlling reproduction in insects, and of E93 expression and functional evolution, which are proposed to have made crucial contributions to the origin of insect metamorphosis.
Psychological help for patients with cancer
Authors: Stanovskiy Bohdan 
Published: April 2024

The article represents the ethical aspects of the activity of oncology specialist, which is an important component of a comprehensive approach to the treatment and care of patients with cancer. It is noted that compliance with the ethical aspects of medical and psychological care for cancer patients requires the knowledge of oncology specialist of a wide range of physical, emotional, psychological and social effects that may arise as a result of the diagnosis and treatment of an oncopathology. The key ethical principles and their characteristics, which the oncology specialists must adhere to, are outlined. There is emphasized the importance of compliance by oncology specialists with ethical principles for the successful treatment and rehabilitation of cancer patients.
Conclusions. In general, ethical aspects in psycho-oncology are an integral part of professional practice and aim to ensure maximum support, safety and respect for the rights and dignity of each patient. No code of ethics can provide an unequivocal answer to what is right in specific situations, but it serves important functions. It serves as an important basis for decision-making and provides important information to oncologists, their patients and the public about the roles and responsibilities of oncology professionals. In addition, it promotes responsible psychological practice and protection of patients from inappropriate behavior of doctors, and is used as a tool for reflection and improvement of the work of a specialist in the field of oncology.
Understanding the Impact of Reviews on Consumer Product Choices Under Negotiated Pricing
Authors: Cao Jisu , Yang Sha 
Published: April 2024

We study the impact of reviews on product choices when consumers can negotiate price. Although prior research has examined the impact of reviews in various contexts, none has considered a setting in which the purchase price is negotiated. We postulate that online reviews affect demand through consumer baseline product preference and consumer bargaining power. Leveraging a unique data set of consumer reviews of new car purchases, we developed and estimated a structural model to decompose and quantify the two mechanisms of how reviews affect demand: baseline preference mechanism versus bargaining power mechanism. Our counterfactual analysis suggests that the bargaining power mechanism is more important than the baseline preference mechanism in explaining how historical price and discount frequency information in reviews affect seller profits. Ignoring the impact of reviews on the negotiated price leads to a biased estimation of the effectiveness of reviews. We call into caution a popular selling practice of using discounts in exchange for positive reviews, as it can backfire when future consumers leverage this discount information to negotiate a lower price. This paper was accepted by Kartik Hosanagar, information systems. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2020.02658 .