bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and characterization of microsatellite markers for Actaea racemosa (black cohosh, Ranunculaceae)
Authors: Pate Sarah J. , Clement Jason A. , McCoy Joe‐Ann H. , Lance Stacey L. , Mathews Katherine G. 
Published: June 2012

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite markers were developed in Actaea racemosa to analyze population genetic structure, compare genetic diversity across the species’ range, and provide a genetic context for studies of phytochemical variation.• Methods and Results: A total of seven polymorphic loci were screened in 60 individuals from 12 localities. The number of alleles per locus ranged from three to six, and observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.133 to 0.900. Most of the loci tested cross‐amplified in A. pachypoda, A. podocarpa, and A. rubra, indicating the utility of these markers for the genus.• Conclusions: These new loci will provide tools for population genetics studies, including the characterization of genetic variation in A. racemosa and other eastern North American species of Actaea.
Genomic and EST‐derived microsatellite markers for Iris laevigata (Iridaceae) and other congeneric species
Authors: Sun Ming‐Zhou , Li Ming‐Rui , Shi Feng‐Xue , Li Lin , Liu Ying , Li Lin‐Feng , Xiao Hong‐Xing 
Published: June 2012

• Premise of the study: The aims of this study are to develop and characterize genomic and expressed sequence tag (EST)–derived microsatellites from Iris laevigata and test their transferability in I. ensata, I. setosa, I. halophila, I. scariosa, I. potaninii, I. tenuifolia, I. bloudowii, and I. sanguinea.• Methods and Results: Ten genomic and six EST‐derived microsatellites were characterized in I. laevigata. These microsatellite primers amplified one to five alleles in I. laevigata and some of these primers were also successfully amplified in congeneric species.• Conclusions: These microsatellite primers provide us an initial set of molecular markers to explore the spatial population genetic structure of I. laevigata. In addition, these markers may also be useful in population and conservation genetic studies of closely related species.
Microsatellite loci in Ipomopsis aggregata (Polemoniaceae) and cross‐species applicability for ecological genetics studies
Authors: Wu Carrie A. , Smith Clifford J. , Massaro Andrew J. 
Published: June 2012

• Premise of the study: Novel microsatellite primers were developed for the native wildflower Ipomopsis aggregata to facilitate ongoing studies of the genetics of local adaptation and patterns of hybridization with closely related species within the genus.• Methods and Results: Thirteen primer sets were successfully developed and tested using populations from the Rocky Mountains of Colorado, USA. The primers amplified di‐, tri‐, and tetranucleotide repeats with 1–15 alleles per locus. All primers also amplified fragments with varying success in closely related Ipomopsis species and more distant members of the Polemoniaceae.• Conclusions: The polymorphism levels observed across all loci suggest that these microsatellites may be useful for population genetic studies in Ipomopsis, as well as in studies of other related taxa in the Polemoniaceae.
Depth estimation of cavities from microgravity data using a new approach: the local linear model tree (LOLIMOT)
Authors: Hajian A. , Zomorrodian H. , Styles P. , Greco F. , Lucas C. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTIn this paper an attempt is made to estimate depth and shape parameters of subsurface cavities from microgravity data through a new soft computing approach: the locally linear model tree, known as the LOLIMOT algorithm. This method is based on locally linear neuro‐fuzzy modelling, which has recently played a successful role in various applications over non‐linear system identification.A multiple‐LOLIMOT neuro‐fuzzy model was trained separately for each of the three most common shapes of subsurface cavities: sphere, vertical cylinder and horizontal cylinder. The method was then tested for each of the cavity shapes with synthetic data. The model's suitability for application to real cases was analysed by adding random Gaussian noise to the data to simulate several levels of uncertainty and the results of LOLIMOT were compared to both multi‐layer perceptron neural network and least‐squares minimization methods. The results showed that the LOLIMOT algorithm is more robust to noise and is also more precise than either the multi‐layer perceptron or least‐squares minimization method.Furthermore, the method was tested with microgravity data over a selected site located in a major container terminal at Freeport, Grand Bahamas, to estimate cavity depth and was compared to the results achieved by least‐squares minimization and multi‐layer perceptron methods. The proposed method can estimate cavity parameters more accurately than the least‐squares minimization and multi‐layer perceptron methods.
Cell–Cell Interaction with APC, not IL-23, Is Required for Naive CD4 Cells To Acquire Pathogenicity during Th17 Lineage Commitment
Authors: Shi Guangpu , Lovaas Jenna D. , Tan Cuiyan , Vistica Barbara P. , Wawrousek Eric F. , Aziz Mehak K. , Rigden Rachael C. , Caspi Rachel R. , Gery Igal 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Subpopulations of pathogenic or nonpathogenic Th17 cells were reported to develop when presensitized CD4 cells were activated with their target Ag during polarization by either IL-23 or IL-6 and TGF-β, respectively. In this study, we generated two Th17 subpopulations by using a system in which naive CD4 cells from TCR transgenic mice specific to hen egg lysozyme (HEL) are polarized with IL-6/TGF-β and, concurrently, are activated either with HEL presented by APCs, or with anti-CD3/CD28 Abs. Only the former cells were pathogenic, inducing inflammation in eyes expressing HEL. Naive CD4 cells activated by the anti-CD3/CD28 Abs acquired pathogenicity, however, when cocultured with HEL/APC. Importantly, the naive CD4 cells did not acquire pathogenicity when cocultured with APCs stimulated with LPS or when separated from the HEL-presenting cells by a semipermeable membrane. Unlike with presensitized Th17, soluble IL-23 does not participate in pathogenicity acquisition by naive CD4 cells; no pathogenicity was induced by adding IL-23 to cultures activated with anti-CD3/CD28 Abs. Furthermore, Abs against IL-23 or IL-23R did not inhibit acquisition of pathogenicity in cultures of naive CD4 cells activated by HEL/APC. Our data thus show that, unlike presensitized CD4 cells, naive CD4 cells polarized toward Th17 phenotype acquire pathogenicity only by direct interaction with APCs presenting the Ag, with no apparent involvement of soluble IL-23. We suggest that the Th17 lymphocytes derived from naive CD4 cells participate in pathogenic and other immune processes, along with the IL-23–dependent Th17 cells.
Vaccination with Cancer- and HIV Infection-Associated Endogenous Retrotransposable Elements Is Safe and Immunogenic
Authors: Sacha Jonah B. , Kim In-Jeong , Chen Lianchun , Ullah Jakir H. , Goodwin David A. , Simmons Heather A. , Schenkman Daniel I. , von Pelchrzim Frederike , Gifford Robert J. , Nimityongskul Francesca A. , Newman Laura P. , Wildeboer Samantha , Lappin Patrick B. , Hammond Daisy , Castrovinci Philip , Piaskowski Shari M. , Reed Jason S. , Beheler Kerry A. , Tharmanathan Tharsika , Zhang Ningli , Muscat-King Sophie , Rieger Melanie , Fernandes Carla , Rumpel Klaus , Gardner Joseph P. , Gebhard Douglas H. , Janies Juliann , Shoieb Ahmed , Pierce Brian G. , Trajkovic Dusko , Rakasz Eva , Rong Sing , McCluskie Michael , Christy Clare , Merson James R. , Jones R. Brad , Nixon Douglas F. , Ostrowski Mario A. , Loudon Peter T. , Pruimboom-Brees Ingrid M. , Sheppard Neil C. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
The expression of endogenous retrotransposable elements, including long interspersed nuclear element 1 (LINE-1 or L1) and human endogenous retrovirus, accompanies neoplastic transformation and infection with viruses such as HIV. The ability to engender immunity safely against such self-antigens would facilitate the development of novel vaccines and immunotherapies. In this article, we address the safety and immunogenicity of vaccination with these elements. We used immunohistochemical analysis and literature precedent to identify potential off-target tissues in humans and establish their translatability in preclinical species to guide safety assessments. Immunization of mice with murine L1 open reading frame 2 induced strong CD8 T cell responses without detectable tissue damage. Similarly, immunization of rhesus macaques with human LINE-1 open reading frame 2 (96% identity with macaque), as well as simian endogenous retrovirus-K Gag and Env, induced polyfunctional T cell responses to all Ags, and Ab responses to simian endogenous retrovirus-K Env. There were no adverse safety or pathological findings related to vaccination. These studies provide the first evidence, to our knowledge, that immune responses can be induced safely against this class of self-antigens and pave the way for investigation of them as HIV- or tumor-associated targets.
Transcriptional Regulator Id2 Is Required for the CD4 T Cell Immune Response in the Development of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Lin Yen-Yu , Jones-Mason Mary E. , Inoue Makoto , Lasorella Anna , Iavarone Antonio , Li Qi-Jing , Shinohara Mari L. , Zhuang Yuan 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
An effective immune response to Ag challenge is critically dependent on the size of the effector cell population generated from clonal activation of Ag-specific T cells. The transcription network involved in regulating the size of the effector population, particularly for CD4 Th cells, is poorly understood. In this study, we investigate the role of Id2, an inhibitor of E protein transcription factors, in the generation of CD4 effectors. Using a T cell-specific conditional Id2 knockout mouse model, we show that inhibitor of DNA binding (Id)2 is essential for the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Although Ag-specific and IL-17–producing CD4 T cells are produced in these mice, the activated CD4 T cells form a smaller pool of effector cells in the peripheral lymphoid organs, exhibit reduced proliferation and increased cell death, and are largely absent in the CNS. In the absence of Id2, E protein targets, including the proapoptotic protein Bim and SOCS3, are expressed at higher levels among activated CD4 T cells. This study reveals a critical role of Id2 in the control of effector CD4 T cell population size and the development of a Th17-mediated autoimmune disease.
Vaccines Expressing the Innate Immune Modulator EAT-2 Elicit Potent Effector Memory T Lymphocyte Responses despite Pre-Existing Vaccine Immunity
Authors: Aldhamen Yasser Ali , Seregin Sergey S. , Schuldt Nathaniel J. , Rastall David P. W. , Liu Chyong-jy J. , Godbehere Sarah , Amalfitano Andrea 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
The mixed results from recent vaccine clinical trials targeting HIV-1 justify the need to enhance the potency of HIV-1 vaccine platforms in general. Use of first-generation recombinant adenovirus serotype 5 (rAd5) platforms failed to protect vaccinees from HIV-1 infection. One hypothesis is that the rAd5-based vaccine failed due to the presence of pre-existing Ad5 immunity in many vaccines. We recently confirmed that EAT-2–expressing rAd5 vectors uniquely activate the innate immune system and improve cellular immune responses against rAd5-expressed Ags, inclusive of HIV/Gag. In this study, we report that use of the rAd5-EAT-2 vaccine can also induce potent cellular immune responses to HIV-1 Ags despite the presence of Ad5-specific immunity. Compared to controls expressing a mutant SH2 domain form of EAT-2, Ad5 immune mice vaccinated with an rAd5-wild-type EAT-2 HIV/Gag-specific vaccine formulation significantly facilitated the induction of several arms of the innate immune system. These responses positively correlated with an improved ability of the vaccine to induce stronger effector memory T cell-biased, cellular immune responses to a coexpressed Ag despite pre-existing anti-Ad5 immunity. Moreover, inclusion of EAT-2 in the vaccine mixture improves the generation of polyfunctional cytolytic CD8+ T cell responses as characterized by enhanced production of IFN-γ, TNF-α, cytotoxic degranulation, and increased in vivo cytolytic activity. These data suggest a new approach whereby inclusion of EAT-2 expression in stringent human vaccination applications can provide a more effective vaccine against HIV-1 specifically in Ad5 immune subjects.
Extracellularly Delivered Single-Stranded Viral RNA Causes Neurodegeneration Dependent on TLR7
Authors: Lehmann Sabrina M. , Rosenberger Karen , Krüger Christina , Habbel Piet , Derkow Katja , Kaul David , Rybak Agnieszka , Brandt Christine , Schott Eckart , Wulczyn F. Gregory , Lehnardt Seija 
Published: June 2012

AbstractInnate immune receptors represent an evolutionarily ancient system that allows organisms to detect and rapidly respond to pathogen- and host-derived factors. TLRs are predominantly expressed in immune cells and mediate such a response. Although this class of pattern recognition receptors is involved in CNS disorders, the knowledge of ligands leading to activation of TLRs and to subsequent CNS damage is limited. We report in this study that ssRNA causes neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation dependent on TLR7 in the CNS. TLR7 is not only expressed in microglia, the major immune cells of the brain, but also in neurons of the CNS. Extracellularly delivered ssRNA40, an oligoribonucleotide derived from HIV and an established ligand of TLR7, induces neuronal cell death dependent on TLR7 and the central adapter molecule MyD88 in vitro. Activation of caspase-3 is involved in neuronal damage mediated by TLR7. This cell-autonomous neuronal cell death induced by ssRNA40 is amplified in the presence of microglia that mount an inflammatory response to ssRNA40 through TLR7. Intrathecal administration of ssRNA40 causes widespread neurodegeneration in wild-type but not in TLR7−/− mice, confirming that neuronal cell death induced by ssRNA40 through TLR7 occurs in vivo. Our results point to a possible mechanism through which extracellularly delivered ssRNA contributes to CNS damage and determine an obligatory role for TLR7 in this pathway.
Update on Productive Aging in the American Journal of Occupational Therapy 2011
Authors: D’Amico Mariana 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
A review of the productive aging articles published in the American Journal of Occupational Therapy during 2011 was conducted and discussed in light of meeting the Centennial Vision charge of supporting practice through evidence. Twelve articles that specifically addressed productive aging were published in AJOT in 2011. The review of these 12 articles found seven Level I studies. Six of the articles were systematic reviews identifying effective interventions for people with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias and their caregivers, and 1 was a randomized controlled trial of fall prevention in community-dwelling older adults. Five were basic research studies. Two of the 5 studies researched professional issues, and 3 addressed client-based issues. The quantity of productive aging research published in 2011 was consistent with the quantity reported in 2009 and 2010. More studies building the body of evidence about the effectiveness of occupational therapy with older adults are needed.
Dabigatran for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation
Authors: Diener H.-C. , Hohnloser S. H. 
Published: June 2012

SummaryDabigatran is a novel direct thrombin inhibitor that has recently been approved for primary and secondary stroke prevention and prevention of systemic embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation. In the pivotal RE-LY study, dabigatran 110 mg BID was demonstrated to be associated with a stroke rate similar to that observed with warfarin (INR target 2.0 to 3.0), but with a lower rate of major haemorrhage. Dabigatran administered at a dose of 150 mg BID was significantly more effective in stroke prevention than warfarin and showed a similar rate of major hemorrhages. Of note, both dosages resulted in an approximately 60–70% relative risk reduction of haemorrhagic stroke. The dosage of 110 mg BID should be preferably used in patients aged 75–80 years or older as the rate of extracranial bleeding events tends to increase with dabigatran 150 mg BID above this age limit. In RE-LY, myocardial infarcts occurred at a very low incidence. There were numerically more myocardial infarcts in dabigatran-treated patients than in warfarin patients; however, other myocardial ischaemic events were similar in the three treatment arms.
Novel Quantitative Method to Evaluate Globotriaosylceramide Inclusions in Renal Peritubular Capillaries by Virtual Microscopy in Patients With Fabry Disease
Authors: Barisoni Laura , Jennette J. Charles , Colvin Robert , Sitaraman Sheela , Bragat Alexander , Castelli Jeff , Walker Dan , Boudes Pol 
Published: June 2012

Context.—Assessing the amount of globotriaosylceramide inclusions in renal peritubular capillaries by a semiquantitative approach is a standard and useful measure of therapeutic efficacy in Fabry disease, achievable by light microscopy analysis.
Objective.—To describe a novel virtual microscopy quantitative method to measure globotriaosylceramide inclusions (Barisoni Lipid Inclusion Scoring System [BLISS]) in renal biopsies from patients with Fabry disease.
Design.—Plastic embedded 1-µm-thick sections from kidney biopsies from 17 patients enrolled in a Fabry disease clinical trial were evaluated using a standard semiquantitative methodology and BLISS to compare sensitivity. We also tested intrareader and interreader variability of BLISS and compared results from conventional light microscopy analysis with a virtual microscopy-based methodology. Peritubular capillaries were first annotated on digital images of whole slides by 1 pathologist and then scored for globotriaosylceramide inclusions by 2 additional pathologists.
Results.—We demonstrated that (1) quantitative analysis by BLISS results in detection of small amount of globotriaosylceramide inclusions even when by semiquantitative analysis the score is 0, (2) application of BLISS combined with conventional light microscopy results in low intrareader and interreader variability, and (3) BLISS combined with virtual microscopy results in significant reduction of intrareader and interreader variability compared with BLISS–light microscopy.
Conclusions.—BLISS is a simpler and more sensitive scoring system compared to the semiquantitative approach. The virtual microscopy–based methodology increases accuracy and reproducibility; moreover, it provides a permanent record of retrievable data with full transparency in clinical trials.
Strategic assay deployment as a method for countering analytical bottlenecks in high throughput process development: Case studies in ion exchange chromatography
Authors: Konstantinidis Spyridon , Heldin Eva , Chhatre Sunil , Velayudhan Ajoy , Titchener‐Hooker Nigel 
Published: June 2012

AbstractHigh throughput approaches to facilitate the development of chromatographic separations have now been adopted widely in the biopharmaceutical industry, but issues of how to reduce the associated analytical burden remain. For example, acquiring experimental data by high level factorial designs in 96 well plates can place a considerable strain upon assay capabilities, generating a bottleneck that limits significantly the speed of process characterization. This article proposes an approach designed to counter this challenge; Strategic Assay Deployment (SAD). In SAD, a set of available analytical methods is investigated to determine which set of techniques is the most appropriate to use and how best to deploy these to reduce the consumption of analytical resources while still enabling accurate and complete process characterization. The approach is demonstrated by investigating how salt concentration and pH affect the binding of green fluorescent protein from Escherichia coli homogenate to an anion exchange resin presented in a 96‐well filter plate format. Compared with the deployment of routinely used analytical methods alone, the application of SAD reduced both the total assay time and total assay material consumption by at least 40% and 5%, respectively. SAD has significant utility in accelerating bioprocess development activities. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2012
Healing responses after bifurcation stenting with the dedicated TRYTON side‐branch stent™ in combination with XIENCE‐V™ stents: A clinical, angiography, fractional flow reserve, and optical coherence tomography study: The PYTON (Prospective evaluation of the TRYTON side‐branch stent™ with an additional XIENCE‐v™ everolimus‐eluting stent in coronary bifurcation lesions) study
Authors: Dubois Christophe , Adriaenssens Tom , Ughi Giovanni , Wiyono Stefanus , Bennett Johan , Coosemans Mark , Ferdinande Bert , Sinnaeve Peter , D'hooge Jan , Desmet Walter 
Published: June 2012

ObjectivesWe evaluated healing responses with optical coherence tomography (OCT), and clinical and angiographic outcome after bifurcation stenting with the TRYTON Side‐Branch Stent™.BackgroundDedicated bifurcation stents have been proposed as a potential alternative for treatment of true coronary bifurcation lesions.MethodsWe treated 20 consecutive patients with coronary bifurcation lesions and significant involvement of the side‐branch (SB) with the TRYTON Stent and an additional XIENCE‐V™ everolimus‐eluting stent. At 9 months, we assessed the ratio of uncovered to total stent struts (RUTSS) with OCT, angiographic late luminal loss (LLL), and in‐stent and in‐segment restenosis. Clinical endpoints at 1 year included major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and their components [target lesion revascularization (TLR), myocardial infarction (MI), and cardiac death].ResultsLLL (N = 16) was 0.34 (0.17–0.46), 0.29 (0.24–0.48) and 0.57 (0.29–0.73) mm in the proximal main vessel (MV), distal MV and SB, respectively. In‐bifurcation binary in‐stent restenosis occurred in four patients (25%), in‐segment restenosis in five (31.25%). The RUTSS (N = 13) was 4.0 ± 5.8, 0.7 ± 1.3, 0, and 2.5 ± 3.6% in the proximal MV, distal MV, SB, and polygon of confluence, respectively. At 1 year, MACE occurred in 5 (25%) [4 TLR (20%), 3 MI (15%)].ConclusionThe homogeneous stent strut coverage and the low LLL in the MV reflect proper healing characteristics of the TRYTON Stent in combination with the XIENCE‐V™ stent. However, proximal MV edge and ostial SB restenoses together with overall clinical outcomes do not fulfill expectations of a dedicated bifurcation stent. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.