bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Workforce gender, company size and corporate financial support are predictors of availability of healthy meals in Danish worksite canteens
Authors: Thorsen Anne Vibeke , Lassen Anne Dahl , Andersen Jens Strodl , Mikkelsen Bent Egberg 
Published: May 2009

AbstractObjectiveEnvironmental strategies at worksites may help consumers change dietary behaviour towards a more healthy diet. The present study aimed to evaluate the availability of healthy meal options at Danish worksite canteens and to identify predictors of worksite canteens providing healthy meals.DesignA self-administered questionnaire was randomly mailed to 1967 worksite canteen managers. Besides information and characteristics about the canteen and the worksite, the canteen managers specified the menus available. Two different health groups (Healthy and Less Healthy) were defined in three different meal categories (Sandwiches, Hot meals and Salads) as well as a combined category (Combined) combining all the three meal categories. The characteristics of the worksites were compared with regard to the different health groups.SettingRandomly selected Danish worksite canteens.Subjects553 Danish worksite canteen managers replied, resulting in a response rate of 29 %.ResultsOnly 12 % of the canteens applied to the Healthy group combining all the three meal categories. In particular, worksites with more than 75 % female employees served healthy menus on a frequent basis. The size of the worksite was positively correlated with more healthy meal options. Furthermore, the present study suggests a positive relationship between corporate financial support and the availability of healthy meal options.ConclusionsAmong the selected variables studied, workforce gender, company size and corporate financial support were significant predictors of the availability of healthy meal options in worksite canteens. More research is needed on the role that variance in organisation environment plays for the potential of worksite intervention, to make a difference in terms of healthy eating.
Behavioral modeling and linearization of a millimeter-wave power amplifier
Authors: Melczarsky Ilan , Gilabert Pere L. , Di Giacomo Valeria , Bertran Eduard , Filicori Fabio 
Published: May 2009

The use of digital predistortion for linearizing a millimeter-wave power amplifier (PA) is investigated. A PA operating at 38 GHz is designed using an accurate non-quasi-static transistor model, taking into account both short- and long-term memory effects. A realistic test signal is then used for the identification of a nonlinear auto-regressive moving average (NARMA) behavioral model of the PA. The NARMA-based digital predistorter is then derived and formulated in terms of basic predistortion cells, especially suitable for efficient implementation in an FPGA. The performance of the predistortion solution is preliminarily assessed by means of computer simulations.
Genetic and non‐genetic influences on the development of co‐occurring alcohol problem use and internalizing symptomatology in adolescence: a review
Authors: Saraceno Luca , Munafó Marcus , Heron Jon , Craddock Nick , Van Den Bree Marianne B. M. 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACTAims  Alcohol problem use during adolescence has been linked to a variety of adverse consequences, including cigarette and illicit drug use, delinquency, adverse effects on pubertal brain development and increased risk of morbidity and mortality. In addition, heavy alcohol‐drinking adolescents are at increased risk of comorbid psychopathology, including internalizing symptomatology (especially depression and anxiety). A range of genetic and non‐genetic factors have been implicated in both alcohol problem use as well as internalizing symptomatology. However, to what extent shared risk factors contribute to their comorbidity in adolescence is poorly understood.Design  We conducted a systematic review on Medline, PsycINFO, Embase and Web of Science to identify epidemiological and molecular genetic studies published between November 1997 and November 2007 that examined risk factors that may be shared in common between alcohol problem use and internalizing symptomatology in adolescence.Findings  Externalizing disorders, family alcohol problems and stress, as well as the serotonin transporter (5‐HTT) S‐allele, the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) low‐activity alleles and the dopamine D2 receptor (DDR2) Taq A1 allele have been associated most frequently with both traits. An increasing number of papers are focusing upon the role of gene–gene (epistasis) and gene–environment interactions in the development of comorbid alcohol problem use and internalizing symptomatology.Conclusions  Further research in adolescents is warranted; the increasing availability of large longitudinal genetically informative studies will provide the evidence base from which effective prevention and intervention strategies for comorbid alcohol problems and internalizing symptomatology can be developed.
Differences in the measured alcohol content of drinks between black, white and Hispanic men and women in a US national sample
Authors: Kerr William C. , Patterson Deidre , Greenfield Thomas K. 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACTAims  To measure and describe drink alcohol content differences between Hispanic, non‐Hispanic white and non‐Hispanic black men and women in the United States.Design  A telephone survey re‐interview of 397 respondents who participated originally in the 2005 National Alcohol Survey, of whom 306 provided complete information on home drinks.Setting  United States.Participants  Adults aged 18 years and older from across the United States.Measurements  Direct measurement by respondents of simulated drink pours in respondents' own glassware using a provided beaker and reported beverage brands were used to calculate drink alcohol content.Findings  Black men were found to have the largest overall mean drink alcohol content at 0.79 oz (23 ml) of alcohol. This was significantly larger than the mean for white men or for black women and added 30% to black men's monthly alcohol intake when applied to their reported number of drinks. Spirits drinks were found to be particularly large for men. Multivariate models indicated that drink alcohol content differences are attributable more to income and family structure differences than to unmeasured cultural factors tied to race or ethnicity per se. Models predicting alcohol‐related consequences and dependence indicate that adjusting drink alcohol content improves model fit and reduces differences between race/ethnicity defined groups.Conclusions  Differences in drink alcohol content by gender, race/ethnicity and beverage type choice should be considered in comparisons of drinking patterns and alcohol‐related outcomes. Observed differences can be explained partially by measured characteristics regarding family structure and income.
Inbreeding in horsenettle influences herbivore resistance
Authors: DELPHIA CASEY M. , DE MORAES CONSUELO M. , STEPHENSON ANDREW G. , MESCHER MARK C. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract 1. Plant traits (e.g. nutrition, allelochemistry) are an important determinant of the feeding preferences and performance of insect herbivores. Recent evidence suggests that plant inbreeding can affect plant–insect interactions by impacting host‐plant quality and resistance to herbivory.2. The effect of inbreeding on host‐plant quality for, and resistance against, the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta L., was assessed in the wild solanaceous weed horsenettle, Solanum carolinense L. Caterpillar preference, relative growth rate (RGR), total leaf consumption (TC), and per cent total nitrogen in leaves were examined using selfed and outcrossed progeny of eight maternal plants.3. Inbreeding significantly influenced insect preference, with caterpillars preferring leaf discs from selfed versus outcrossed plants. There was also a breeding effect for RGR and TC, with both higher on selfed plants. No breeding effect for per cent total nitrogen was observed.4. The results of this study indicate that inbreeding decreased resistance against the tobacco hornworm, but did not affect plant quality. Decreased plant resistance will likely alter interactions with the herbivore community and could also have important consequences for plant–herbivore–natural enemy interactions.
Immunohistochemical detection of EGFR, fibrillin‐2, P‐cadherin and AP2β as biomarkers for rhabdomyosarcoma diagnostics
Authors: Grass Beate , Wachtel Marco , Behnke Silvia , Leuschner Ivo , Niggli Felix K , Schäfer Beat W 
Published: May 2009

Aims:  Subclassification of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) has clinical relevance, as the two major subclasses embryonal (ERMS) and alveolar (ARMS) rhabdomyosarcoma differ greatly in terms of aggressiveness and prognosis. However, histological analysis is not always sufficient for an unequivocal subclassification of RMS. Furthermore, clinical presentation of ARMS has been reported to mimic other tumour types, specifically lymphoma. The aim was to determine the role of four biomarkers in the diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma.Methods and results:  Recently, we identified four potential biomarkers to subclassify RMS with high sensitivity and specificity. These included epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and fibrillin‐2 as markers for ERMS, and AP2β and P‐cadherin as markers for translocation‐positive ARMS. Here, we further validate the potential of these four markers in a second, independent patient cohort by immunohistochemistry on 80 sections of RMS biopsy specimens as well as a tissue microarray representing 18 different additional tumour types, including seven lymphomas. The combination of EGFR and fibrillin‐2 was able to detect ERMS with a specificity of 76% and sensitivity of 90%. The combination of AP2β and P‐cadherin detected ARMS with a specificity of 97% and sensitivity of 90%, data very similar to our previous study. Furthermore, all lymphomas were clearly negative for AP2β and P‐cadherin.Conclusions:  These four biomarkers are suitable for clinical implementation in the future diagnosis of RMS.
Host immunization shapes interspecific associations in trematode parasites
Authors: Karvonen Anssi , Seppälä Otto , Tellervo Valtonen E. 
Published: May 2009

Summary 1. Individuals of free‐living organisms are commonly infected by multiple parasite species. Under such circumstances, positive or negative associations between the species are possible because of direct or indirect interactions, details in parasite transmission ecology and host‐mediated factors. One possible mechanism underlying these processes is host immunity, but its role in shaping these associations has rarely been tackled experimentally. 2. In this study, we tested the effect of host immunization on associations between trematode parasites infecting eyes of fish. We first analysed the associations between three species (Diplostomum spathaceum, Diplostomum gasterostei and Tylodelphys clavata) in wild hosts, roach (Rutilus rutilus) and perch (Perca fluviatilis). Second, using rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) as a model fish species, we experimentally investigated how sequential immunization of the host (i.e. one parasite species infects and immunizes the host first) could affect the associations between two of the species. 3. The results indicated that most of the associations were positive in wild hosts, which supports between‐individual variation in host susceptibility, rather than competitive exclusion between the parasite species. However, positive associations were more common in roach than in perch, possibly reflecting differences in ecological conditions of exposure between the host species. The experimental data showed that positive associations between two of the species were eroded by host immunization against one of the parasite species. 4. We conclude that sequential immunization of hosts has a marked effect on interspecific parasite associations and basically can determine if positive associations are detected or not. This implies that correlative results suggesting non‐interactive community structure in general may be obscured by the sequence of previous parasite exposure and corresponding dynamics of host immunization.
Improved quality and comprehensiveness in nursing documentation of pressure ulcers after implementing an electronic health record in hospital care
Authors: Gunningberg Lena , Fogelberg‐Dahm Marie , Ehrenberg Anna 
Published: May 2009

Aims.  One aim was to compare the quality and comprehensiveness in nursing documentation of pressure ulcers before and after implementation of an electronic health record in a hospital setting. Another aim was to investigate the use of preformulated templates for pressure ulcer recording in the electronic health record.Background.  With the possibilities of the electronic health record to provide information and give accurate and reliable feedback to the healthcare organisation, it is of high priority to develop standardised documentation practices for various areas of care (e.g. such as pressure ulcer care).Design.  A cross‐sectional retrospective review of health records.Methods.  Three departments in a Swedish university hospital participated. In 2002, there were 413 patients, including 59 paper‐based records identified with notes on pressure ulcers and in 2006, 343 patients, including 71 electronic health records with pressure ulcer recording. Recorded data on pressure ulcers were retrospectively reviewed.Results.  Significantly more patient records showed notes of pressure ulcer grade (p < 0·001), size (p = 0·004), risk assessment (p = 0·002), nursing history (p = 0·040), nursing diagnoses (p < 0·001), nursing goals (p < 0·001) and nursing outcomes (p = 0·016) in 2006 than in 2002. One third of the recordings used preformulated templates.Conclusions.  Although there were significant improvements in pressure ulcer recording after the change to the electronic health record, several deficiencies remained. Due to the short time of our follow‐up after implementation of the electronic health record, we suspect that the quality of recording will improve when nurses become more familiar with the new system.Relevance to clinical practice.  Education related to the use of the electronic health record and evidence‐based pressure ulcer prevention should be provided to the nurses. To facilitate documentation, the templates need to be refined to be more user‐friendly.
Reliability and validity of the Korean version of the Way‐finding Effectiveness Scale for Persons with Dementia
Authors: Hong Gwi‐Ryung Son , Lim YoungMi 
Published: May 2009

Aims and objectives.  To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Korean version of the Way‐finding Effectiveness Scale (WES) for Korean persons with dementia (PWDs).Design.  A descriptive, cross‐sectional survey method was used.Methods.  Data were collected with a non‐probability sampling strategy using structured format face‐to‐face interviews. A convenience sample of 83 community‐dwelling PWDs and their family caregivers were recruited. The participants were PWDs who were over 60 years of age, had been medically diagnosed with dementia or showed signs and symptoms of dementia, had a Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score of less than 24 of 30 and were independent in walking.Results.  Internal consistency for the 29‐item KWES was 0·93 and exceeded 0·70 for the four subscales (complex way‐finding goals, CWG; analytic strategy, AS; global strategy, GS; and simple way‐finding goals, SWG). The intercorrelations for total KWES and subscales demonstrated a high to moderate relationship ranging from 0·84 (total and CWG) to 0·24 (AS and SWG). Pearson correlations between each subscale scores of the KWES and K‐MMSE demonstrated significant, moderate relationships ranging from 0·41 (CWG and K‐MSE) to 0·28 (AS and K‐MMSE). Differences in current and prior behaviour of KWES were significant for the total (t = −21·00, p < 0·001) and subscales (t = −28·33–−9·33, p < 0·001).Conclusion.  Acceptable reliabilities and validities support the conclusion that the KWES is a valid and reliable instrument for examining way‐finding effectiveness for Korean PWDs.Relevance to clinical practice.  The KWES will contribute to the development of understanding of way‐finding ability for community‐dwelling PWDs in both research and clinical practices.
Strategies for success: a toolbox of coping strategies used by breastfeeding women
Authors: O’Brien Maxine L , Buikstra Elizabeth , Fallon Tony , Hegney Desley 
Published: May 2009

Aims.  The purpose of this paper is to present the findings of two qualitative studies which identified strategies used by breastfeeding women to assist them to continue breastfeeding.Background.  While breastfeeding initiation rates are high in Australia, the majority of women wean before the recommended time. The identification of interventions which may increase breastfeeding duration is therefore a research priority.Design.  The Against All Odds study used a case‐controlled design to investigate the characteristics of women who continued to breastfeed in the face of extraordinary difficulties. Phase One of the I Think I Can study employed the Nominal Group Technique to investigate the views of subject matter experts regarding which psychological factors may influence the duration of breastfeeding.Method.  Against All Odds study participants (n = 40) undertook a one‐ to two‐hour interview and the transcribed data were analysed using thematic analysis. Stratified purposeful sampling was employed in the I Think I Can study (n = 21), with participants assigned group membership according to their most recent breastfeeding experience. A fourth group was composed of experienced breastfeeding clinicians. The nominal group technique was used to generate group data and segments of the discussion were audiotaped and transcribed for thematic analysis.Results.  Participants in both the studies raised strategies used to assist them in their efforts to cope with the challenges of breastfeeding and early motherhood. These strategies included increasing breastfeeding knowledge, staying relaxed and ‘looking after yourself’, the use of positive self‐talk, challenging unhelpful beliefs, problem solving, goal setting and the practice of mindfulness.Conclusions.  Employment of these simple behavioural and cognitive strategies may assist women to cope with the pressures inherent in the experience of early mothering, thereby increasing the duration of breastfeeding.Relevance to clinical practice.  These results may represent a ‘tool box’ of coping strategies which can be provided to women for use in the postnatal period.
Helping adolescents who self‐mutilate: parental descriptions
Authors: Rissanen Marja‐Liisa , Kylmä Jari , Laukkanen Eila 
Published: May 2009

Aim.  The purpose of this qualitative descriptive study was to explore parental views on how to help adolescents who self‐mutilate.Background.  Self‐harm, including self‐mutilation, is common among adolescents. However, parental conceptions of helping adolescents who self‐mutilate have rarely been investigated in nursing science.Design.  Qualitative descriptive design.Method.  Four parents of self‐mutilating adolescents were interviewed in depth. Qualitative content analysis was applied.Results.  Three main categories emerged: a description of an adolescent who self‐mutilates and descriptions of ways to help self‐mutilating adolescents and ways to help their parents and family. An adolescent who self‐mutilates appears externally to feel very well, but inside feels lonely and inferior to others. Help may include an adolescent helping herself by performing some activities alone or in relation to other people and an adolescent receiving help from a safe and trusting human relationship. Such a relationship can be with anyone who knows about the self‐mutilation and is of utmost importance, but a caring attitude is particularly expected from adults. Factors that facilitate helping were identified as well as those considered help‐hindering or helpful. Help that had been provided to parents and the family included factors considered helpful and unhelpful.Conclusion.  Adolescents who self‐mutilate try to help themselves, but are in need of external, probably professional help. Parents are in need of information about self‐mutilation as a phenomenon to be able to help their children. Help for self‐mutilating adolescents as perceived by their parents also includes help for the whole family.Relevance to clinical practice.  The findings of this study could assist health care professionals in approaching and helping both self‐mutilating adolescents and their parents.
To evaluate the effectiveness of a discharge‐planning programme for hip fracture patients
Authors: Lin Pi‐Chu , Wang Ching‐Hui , Chen Chyang‐Shiong , Liao Li‐Ping , Kao Shu‐Fen , Wu Heng‐Fei 
Published: May 2009

Aims and objectives.  This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a comprehensive discharge‐planning service for hip fracture patients, including length of stay, functional status, self‐care knowledge and quality of life (QOL).Background.  Hip fractures are the most devastating result of osteoporosis. Care of these patients from the moment they enter the hospital until discharge and postdischarge is a challenging task, requiring a coordinated approach by an interdisciplinary team.Design.  An experimental design was used.Methods.  Fifty hip fracture patients were recruited from a medical centre in Taipei, Taiwan and randomly divided into two groups. The control group received routine discharge nursing care and the experimental group received comprehensive discharge planning. After patient admission, researchers assessed discharge‐planning needs, provided discharge nursing instruction, coordinated services and determined discharge placement based on assessment results.Results.  (i) Mean age of 50 hip fracture patients was 78·75 (SD 6·99) years. Mean length of stay was 6·04 (SD 2·41) days for the experimental group and 6·29 (SD 2·17) for the control group. Difference between groups was not significant (t = −0·394, p = 0·696). (ii) The self‐care knowledge of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group (F = 11·569, p = 0·001). (iii) Significant improvements were observed in functional status of both groups at three months postdischarge, with no significant differences observed between groups. However, the functional status of experimental group patients showed a slightly better trend than that of the control group. (iv) At three months postdischarge, QOL of experimental group patients was better than control group patients.Conclusions.  A comprehensive discharge‐planning service can improve hip fracture patients’ self‐care knowledge and QOL.Relevance to clinical practice.  Results of this study can be used clinically as a basis for practical implementation of discharge‐planning services in fracture patients.