bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Validity of Race and Ethnicity in Enrollment Data for Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Zaslavsky Alan M. , Ayanian John Z. , Zaborski Lawrence B. 
Published: April 2012

ObjectiveTo assess the validity of race/ethnicity in Medicare databases for studies of racial/ethnic disparities.Data SourcesThe 2010 Medicare Consumer Assessments of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS®) survey was linked to Medicare enrollment data and local area characteristics from the 2000 Census.Study DesignRace/ethnicity was cross‐tabulated for CAHPS and Medicare data. Within each self‐reported category, demographic, geographic, health, and health care variables were compared between those that were and were not similarly identified in Medicare data.Data Collection MethodsThe Medicare CAHPS survey included 343,658 responses from elderly participants (60 percent response rate). Data were weighted for sampling and nonresponse to be representative of the national population of elderly Medicare beneficiaries.Principal FindingsSelf‐reported Hispanics, Asians, Pacific Islanders, and American Indians were underidentified in Medicare enrollment data. Individuals in these groups who were identified in Medicare data tended to be more strongly identified with their group, poorer, and in worse health and to report worse health care experiences than those who were not so identified.ConclusionsSelf‐reported members of racial and ethnic groups other than Whites and Blacks who are identified in Medicare data differ substantially from those who are not so identified. These differences should be considered in assessments of disparities in health and health care among Medicare beneficiaries.
Molecular Phylogeny of Pacific Archigregarines (Apicomplexa), Including Descriptions of Veloxidium leptosynaptae n. gen., n. sp., from the Sea Cucumber Leptosynapta clarki (Echinodermata), and Two New Species of Selenidium
Authors: Wakeman Kevin C. , Leander Brian S. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAlthough archigregarines are poorly understood intestinal parasites of marine invertebrates, they are critical for understanding the earliest stages in the evolution of the Apicomplexa. Previous studies suggest that archigregarines are a paraphyletic stem group from which other lineages of gregarines, and possibly all other groups of apicomplexans, evolved. However, substantiating this inference is difficult because molecular phylogenetic data from archigregarines, in particular, and other gregarines, in general, are severely limited. In an attempt to help fill gaps in our knowledge of archigregarine diversity and phylogeny, we set out to discover and characterize novel lineages of archigregarines with high‐resolution light and scanning electron microscopy and analyses of small subunit (SSU) rDNA sequences derived from single‐cell (SC) PCR techniques. Here, we describe two novel species of Selenidium, namely Selenidium idanthyrsae n. sp. and S. boccardiellae n. sp., and demonstrate the surface morphology and molecular phylogenetic position of the previously reported species S. cf. mesnili. We also describe a novel genus of archigregarine, Veloxidium leptosynaptae n. gen., n. sp., which branches with an environmental sequence and, together, forms the nearest sister lineage to a diverse clade of marine eugregarines (i.e. lecudinids and urosporids). This molecular phylogenetic result is consistent with the hypothesis that archigregarines are deeply paraphyletic within apicomplexans, and suggests that convergent evolution played an important role in shaping the diversity of eugregarine trophozoites.
Optimization of Phase Purity of β′‐Sialon Ceramics Produced from Silazanes and Nano‐Sized Alumina
Authors: Parcianello Giulio , Bernardo Enrico , Colombo Paolo 
Published: April 2012

The use of preceramic polymers in the synthesis of Sialon ceramics has been scarcely discussed in the literature. In this article we report the production of virtually phase‐pure β′‐Sialon ceramics from a mixture of commercially available polysilazanes and γ‐Al2O3 nanopowder, pyrolized in N2 atmosphere in the 1300°C–1600°C range. This approach combines the advantage of embedding nano‐sized fillers in preceramic polymers, in terms of their reactivity towards the Si–N based ceramic pyrolysis residue, with the complex interactions with residual carbon, also present as a secondary phase in the same ceramic residue. Starting from a polymer (PSZ20) yielding a SiCN amorphous ceramic after pyrolysis, the Sialon phase purity is greatly affected by the residual C content: for an optimized polymer/filler ratio (PSZ20/Al2O3 = 2), β′‐Sialon can be produced possesing only small quantities of quasi‐amorphous SiC as a secondary phase. Additional improvements based on the partial replacement of PSZ20 with a polymer (PHPS) not containing C in the backbone, lead to the production of pure nanocrystalline β′‐Sialon powders (average grain size of 100–200 nm).
Impact of a government triple zero awareness campaign on emergency department patient characteristics
Authors: Hou Xiang‐Yu , Zhao Jingzhou , Chu Kevin 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjective: To evaluate the impact of a government triple zero community awareness campaign on the characteristics of patients attending an ED.Methods: A study using Emergency Department Information System data was conducted in an adult metropolitan tertiary‐referral teaching hospital in Brisbane. The three outcomes measured in the 3 month post‐campaign period were arrival mode, Australasian Triage Scale and departure status. These measures reflect ambulance usage, clinical urgency and illness severity, respectively. They were compared with those in the 3 month pre‐campaign period. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to investigate the impacts of the campaign on each of the three outcome measures after controlling for age, sex, day and time of arrival, and daily minimum temperature.Results: There were 17 920 visits in the pre‐ and 17 793 visits in the post‐campaign period. After the campaign, fewer patients arrived at the ED by road ambulance (odds ratio [OR] 0.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.80–1.00), although the impact of the campaign on the arrival mode was only close to statistical significance (Wald χ2‐test, P= 0.055); and patients were significantly less likely to have higher clinical urgency (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.79–0.94), while more likely to be admitted (OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.38–2.05) or complete treatment in the ED (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.23–1.73) instead of leaving without waiting to be seen.Conclusions: The campaign had no significant impact on the arrival mode of the patients. After the campaign, the illness acuity of the patients decreased, whereas the illness severity of the patients increased.
Pregnancy Intentions, Long‐Acting Contraceptive Use, and Rapid Subsequent Pregnancies Among Adolescent and Adult First‐Time Mothers
Authors: Waggoner Miranda R. , Lanzi Robin Gaines , Klerman Lorraine V. 
Published: April 2012

PROBLEM:  Greater understanding is needed related to qualitatively assess pregnancy intentions and rapid subsequent pregnancies among adolescent and adult mothers.METHODS:  Four‐site prospective study of 227 adolescent and adult mothers. Data were analyzed to understand the relationship between pregnancy intentions, adolescent status, and use of long‐acting contraceptives and rapid subsequent pregnancy.FINDINGS:  The findings from this study provide evidence of the importance of goal‐oriented pregnancy intentions, long‐acting contraceptive use, and older age in delaying a second pregnancy.CONCLUSION:  Findings reveal the need for clinician awareness of the qualitative pregnancy intentions of young women and potential desired use of long‐acting contraceptives.
Personality Traits as Predictors of Adherence in Adolescents With Type I Diabetes
Authors: Wheeler Kathleen , Wagaman Audra , McCord David 
Published: April 2012

TOPIC:  Diabetes is a serious, chronic illness with long‐term implications for health and lifestyle. Significant differences in health outcome may be achieved as a result of the degree of adherence to recommended diabetes management regimens. Adherence is a particularly challenging issue with adolescents with diabetes.PURPOSE:  The present study examined the association between primary personality traits and adolescent adherence to prescribed diabetes management regimens.SOURCES:  A measure of the five‐factor model of personality was administered to a sample of adolescents with insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus. Five self‐reported indicators of adherence were assessed: blood glucose monitoring, insulin administration, diet, exercise, and most recent glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level.CONCLUSIONS:  Results revealed a pattern of significant correlations between the Conscientiousness and Neuroticism personality domains and one or more self‐reported adherence behaviors. In addition, correlations were also found between one facet of Extraversion and one facet of Agreeableness. These suggestive results, if replicated in larger studies, provide useful information to clinicians as they design and monitor individualized diabetes management regimens for adolescents.
Transmission Electron Microscopic Analysis Showing Structural Changes to Bacterial Cells Treated with Electrolyzed Water and an Acidic Sanitizer
Authors: Feliciano Lizanel , Lee Jaesung , Pascall Melvin A. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract:  The effects of various sanitizers on the viability and cellular injury to structures of Escherichia coli and Listeria innocua were investigated. A food grade organic acidic formulation (pH 2.5) and acidic, neutral, and basic electrolyzed water [AEW (pH 2.7, oxidation reduction potential; ORP: 1100 mV, free available chlorine; FAC: 150 ppm), NEW (pH 6.9, ORP: 840 mV, FAC: 150 ppm), BEW (pH 11.6, ORP: –810 mV)] were used to treat E. coli and L. innocua cells. After 10 min of exposure to the sanitizers, changes to the bacterial numbers and cell structures were evaluated by plate counting and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. It was concluded from the results that the sanitizers reduced the E. coli cells between 2 and 3 log CFU/mL. Except for the BEW treatment, reductions in L. innocua population were greater (>1 log CFU/mL) than that of E. coli for all treatments. Data from the TEM showed that all sanitizers caused changes to the cell envelope and cytoplasm of both organisms. However, smaller changes were observed for L. innocua cells. Decrease in the integrity of the cell envelope and aggregation of the cytoplasmic components appeared to be mainly because of exposure to the sanitizers. The organic acid formulation and AEW were the most effective sanitizers against bacterial cells, indicating that penetration of acidic substances effectively caused the cell inactivation.Practical Application:  An understanding of the method in which E‐water and an acidic sanitizer cause injury to E. coli and L. innocua would be helpful in selecting an effective chemical agent as a food safety tool. This will allow a scientist to target similar microorganisms such as food borne bacteria with structures that are vulnerable to the sanitizer.
Precipitation of Salivary Proteins After the Interaction with Wine: The Effect of Ethanol, pH, Fructose, and Mannoproteins
Authors: Rinaldi Alessandra , Gambuti Angelita , Moio Luigi 
Published: April 2012

Abstract:  Astringency is a complex sensation mainly caused by the precipitation of salivary proteins with polyphenols. In wine it can be enhanced or reduced depending on the composition of the medium. In order to investigate the effect of ethanol, tartaric acid, fructose, and commercial mannoproteins (MPs) addition on the precipitation of salivary proteins, the saliva precipitation index (SPI) was determined by means of the sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of human saliva after the reaction with Merlot wines and model solutions. Gelatin index, ethanol index, and Folin–Ciocalteu index were also determined. As resulted by Pearson's correlation, data on SPI were well correlated with the sensory analysis performed on the same samples. In a second experiment, increasing the ethanol (11%–13%–17%), MPs (0–2–8 g/L), fructose (0–2–6 g/L) level, and pH values (2.9–3.0–3.6), a decrease in the precipitation of salivary proteins was observed. A difference in the SPI between model solution and red wine stated that an influence of wine matrix on the precipitation of salivary proteins occurred.Practical Application:  Results provide interesting suggestions for enologists, which could modulate the astringency of red wine by: (i) leaving some residual reducing sugars (such as fructose) in red wine during winemaking of grapes rich in tannins; (ii) avoiding the lowering of pH; (iii) adding commercial mannoproteins or promoting a “sur lie” aging; and (iv) harvesting grapes at high technological maturity in order to obtain wines with a satisfactory alcoholic content when possible.
The Impact of Anthocyanin‐Rich Red Raspberry Extract (ARRE) on the Properties of Edible Soy Protein Isolate (SPI) Films
Authors: Wang Sunan , Marcone Massimo , Barbut Shai , Lim Loong‐Tak 
Published: April 2012

Abstract:  To modify the properties of edible soy protein isolate (SPI) films, 0.5% anthocyanin‐rich red raspberry (Rubus strigosus) extract (ARRE) (0.5 g raspberry powder in 95% ethyl alcohol/water/85% lactic acid [80:19:1. v/v/v]) was incorporated into film‐forming solutions. ARRE resulted in an SPI film having significantly enhanced tensile strength (P < 0.05) and % elongation at break (P < 0.05), as well as increased water swelling ratio (P < 0.05) and in vitro pepsin digestibility (P < 0.05). The resultant films also showed significantly decreased water solubility and water vapor permeability (P < 0.05). In addition, ARRE increased darkness, redness, and yellowness film appearance as evidenced by a lower L* (P < 0.05), greater positive a* (P < 0.05), and a higher b* (P < 0.05) than the control film. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that extract‐added films had denser and more compact cross‐section microstructure. Fourier transform infrared spectra illustrated that ARRE‐created hydrogen bonding involved conformational changes of soy protein without destroying its backbone structure. SDS‐PAGE electrophoretograms revealed that the extract induced intermolecular interaction of the soy protein monomers. Natural plant extracts would be a promising ingredient to make SPI films with different physicochemical properties and applications.Practical Application:  This study characterizes the potential physicochemical changes of SPI film with incorporated raspberry extract. Upon the above modification, the resultant film was found to enhance the applications of pure SPI film in food packaging. For example, SPI‐ARRE film could prolong the usage life of SPI film due to increased strength, or could be useful as a desiccant (drying agent) such as a water‐absorbing sheet for preserving dried foods due to its increased hydrophilic surface and water‐swelling ratio. SPI‐ARRE film could also be alternately used as a food wrap with unique color.
Second Line Options for Hyperlipidemia Management after Cardiac Transplantation
Authors: Shah M.K.H. , Critchley W.R. , Yonan N. , Williams S.G. , Shaw S.M. 
Published: April 2012

SummaryDespite widespread statin therapy, 91% of cardiac transplant patients have hyperlipidemia within 5 years from cardiac transplantation. The implications of this are profound, particularly given that coronary allograft vasculopathy is a leading cause of death. Unfortunately the solution is not easy, with problems of toleration at higher statin doses and a lack of good quality evidence for second line agents. We review the literature and discuss some of the key issues transplant physicians are faced with when considering alternatives to statin therapy.
Managing Risk of Supply Disruptions: Incentives for Capacity Restoration
Authors: Hu Xinxin , Gurnani Haresh , Wang Ling 
Published: April 2012

A supplier facing the prospect of disruption has to decide whether or not to invest in restoration capability. With restoration capability, if disruption occurs, additional costly effort can be exerted to rebuild capacity, although its outcome is uncertain. We study how a firm (buyer) can use incentive mechanisms to motivate a supplier's investment in capacity restoration, and compare this approach with the traditional approach of diversifying part of the order to an expensive but reliable supplier. Under a Restoration Enhancement (RE) strategy, the buyer uses price and/or order quantity incentives to encourage the supplier's restoration investment decision. Two different cases are considered—when the incentive is committed to ex ante (prior to disruption) and when it is committed to ex post (after disruption). In contrast, under a Supplier Diversification (SD) strategy, the buyer splits orders between a reliable supplier and an unreliable supplier to hedge against the disruption risk. Here, the buyer does not provide any separate incentive to the unreliable supplier. Our analysis indicates that under the RE strategy, where the buyer offers incentives, both the buyer and the supplier (weakly) prefer the ex ante commitment over the ex post one. Furthermore, the RE strategy is preferred over the SD strategy when the unreliable supplier's restoration outcome is more predictable or when a high restoration outcome is more likely. However, the buyer's preference for the SD strategy increases as market demand increases.
Can distal border fragments of the navicular bone be a primary cause of lameness?
Authors: Biggi M. , Blunden T. , Dyson S. 
Published: April 2012

SummaryA horse with unilateral forelimb lameness and pain localised to the palmar aspect of the foot was evaluated using radiography and low field magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. A distal border fragment of the navicular bone, an osseous cyst‐like lesion (OCLL) in the distal third of the navicular bone and focal distal sesamoidean impar desmitis were identified as the most likely causes of pain and lameness. No other lesions likely to contribute to pain and lameness were identified on MR images or gross post mortem examination. The OCLL was characterised histologically by enlarged bone lacunae containing proliferative fibrovascular tissue. Focal lesions of the distal aspect of the navicular bone are rarely found in isolation but can be causes of pain and lameness in horses.
Placement of bone screws in a standing horse for treatment of a fracture of the greater tubercle of the humerus
Authors: Madron M. , Caston S. , Kersh K. 
Published: April 2012

SummaryA mature Thoroughbred gelding that was used as a high level jumper presented for evaluation of a nonweightbearing forelimb lameness following a fall. Radiographs revealed a complete, noncomminuted, minimally displaced sagittal fracture of the greater tubercle. Supporting limb laminitis was a major concern in the short term based on the severe lameness at presentation. Open reduction with internal fixation was chosen over stall rest in an attempt to more rapidly return the weightbearing function to the limb. The procedure was performed standing and 3 bone screws were placed standing in an attempt to avoid implant or catastrophic bone failure that can accompany recovery from general anaesthesia. The day following surgery the lameness was significantly improved as the horse was able to bear some weight on the heel. The gelding was discharged 5 days following surgery and was fully weightbearing at the walk. Six months following surgery the horse was free of lameness and resumed training. This report describes our experience and rationale in placing bone screws in a standing horse for treatment of a greater tubercle fracture.
A real‐time respiratory motion monitoring system using KINECT: Proof of concept
Authors: Xia Junyi , Siochi R. Alfredo 
Published: April 2012

Purpose:The purpose of this study is to investigate the feasibility of a low‐cost respiratory motion monitoring system based on the MicrosoftKINECT sensor.Methods:The authors increasedKINECT's inherent depth resolution from 1 cm to 1 mm via a motion magnification system. Using the KINECT software development kit, the authors programmed the KINECT to capture depth images and determine the average depth over a thoracic region of interest, viewed almost parallel to the subject's surface. KINECT respiratory traces (average depth vs time at a rate of 30 Hz) were acquired from four volunteers and compared with those simultaneously acquired using a commercially available strain gauge respiratory gating system.Results:The correlation coefficient (CC) betweenKINECT and strain gauge traces varied from 0.958 to 0.978, with a mean CC of 0.969. This strong correlation was also demonstrated by the joint probability distribution and visual inspection.Conclusions:It is feasible to use theKINECT for respiratory motion tracking. Traces are similar to those of a clinically used strain gauge system. The KINECT‐based system provides a new and economical way to monitor respiratory motion.
Mother-Infant Transfer of Anti-Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Antibodies following Vaccination with the Quadrivalent HPV (Type 6/11/16/18) Virus-Like Particle Vaccine
Authors: Matys Katie , Mallary Sara , Bautista Oliver , Vuocolo Scott , Manalastas Ricardo , Pitisuttithum Punee , Saah Alfred 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACT
The exploratory immunogenicity objective of this analysis was to characterize the titer of vaccine human papillomavirus (HPV)-type immunoglobulins in both peripartum maternal blood and the cord blood of infants born to women who received blinded therapy. Data were derived from a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy study (protocol 019; NCT00090220). This study enrolled 3,819 women between the ages of 24 and 45 years from 38 international study sites between 18 June 2004 and 30 April 2005. Data in the current analysis are from subjects enrolled in Philippines and Thailand. For each of HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18, maternal anti-HPV was found in cord blood samples. Furthermore, HPV titers in cord blood samples were highly positively correlated with maternal HPV titers. Additionally, there were instances when anti-HPV antibodies were no longer detectable in maternal serum samples and yet were detected in matched cord blood samples. These results demonstrate that quadrivalent HPV (qHPV) vaccine-induced antibodies cross the placenta and could potentially provide some benefit against vaccine-type HPV infection and related diseases such as recurrent respiratory papillomatosis.