bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymptomatic high Epstein–Barr viral load carriage in pediatric renal transplant recipients
Authors: Tanaka Eriko , Sato Tetsuya , Ishihara Masayuki , Tsutsumi Yasushi , Hisano Masataka , Chikamoto Hiroko , Akioka Yuko , Dohno Sumitaka , Maeda Akihiko , Hattori Motoshi , Wakiguchi Hiroshi , Fujieda Mikiya 
Published: April 2011

Tanaka E, Sato T, Ishihara M, Tsutsumi Y, Hisano M, Chikamoto H, Akioka Y, Dohno S, Maeda A, Hattori M, Wakiguchi H, Fujieda M. Asymptomatic high Epstein‐Barr viral load carriage in pediatric renal transplant recipients. Pediatr Transplantation 2011: 15: 306–313. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  High viral load carriage of EBV is one of the risks for PTLD in transplant recipients. We reviewed retrospectively in pediatric renal transplant recipients with EBV seronegative. EBV loads in peripheral blood and EBV‐CTLs were measured every 1–3 months in 13 patients after grafting. Immunosuppressants were reduced when the patients were considered to have persistent high EBV loads (>1000 copies/μgDNA for over six months). All showed primary EBV infection: six with asymptomatic persistent high EBV loads (group A) and seven with neither EBV‐associated symptoms nor persistent high EBV loads (group B). No patient developed PTLD in either group. Chronic rejection occurred in one patient in group A after immunosuppressants’ reduction. There was no difference in renal dysfunction rates between the two groups. The maximum and increase rates in EBV loads were significantly higher in group A. The CTLs’ percentage was significantly lower in group A when EBV loads first rose above 100 copies/μg DNA. This study suggests the possibility that EBV loads and CTLs’ monitoring may be useful for avoidance of PTLD, as patients with asymptomatic persistent high EBV loads had higher EBV loads and lower percentages of CTLs.
Acceptance of repeat transrectal ultrasonography guided prostate biopsies with local anaesthesia
Authors: Hossack Tania , Woo Henry H. 
Published: April 2011

OBJECTIVE• To measure patient discomfort associated with transrectal ultrasonography guided prostate biopsy (TRUSPB) performed with periprostatic local anaesthetic (LA) infiltration and to document agreement to possible repeat biopsy, as a recent audit showed that 86% of Australian urologists performed prostate biopsies using sedation or general anaesthesia (GA), which implies many urologists think patients are unwilling to tolerate the procedure under LA block and/or may refuse a repeat procedure.PATIENTS AND METHODS• This was a prospective cohort study following all men undergoing TRUSPB in 2008.• Immediately after the procedure the men were asked to complete a visual analogue pain score.• They were then asked whether, if it was necessary to have a repeat biopsy, they would agree to LA again or request GA/sedation.RESULTS• In all, 476 men participated in the study with a mean age of 64 years.• Of these, 464 men (97.5%) tolerated the procedure well and would, if required, agree to repeat biopsy with LA.• Only 12 men (2.5%) indicated they would request GA/sedation if a repeat biopsy was necessary.CONCLUSION• The vast majority of men accepted having prostate biopsy with LA infiltration and therefore this should be the first method offered.• It may be possible to screen for men who would not tolerate biopsy under LA.• Resource saving by performing most biopsies under LA can be estimated to be >A$10 million annually.
e‐Learning in universities: Supporting help‐seeking processes by instructional prompts
Authors: Schworm Silke , Gruber Hans 
Published: April 2011

AbstractUniversity students are more responsible than school students for their own learning. The role of self‐regulated learning increases in virtual e‐learning course environments. Academic help‐seeking is an important strategy of self‐regulated learning, but many students fail to use this strategy appropriately. A lack of information and a perceived threat of help‐seeking may cause this effect. Among others, giving prompts is an instructional means to support students to adequately apply academic help‐seeking . A study is presented in which the effect of giving prompts on the quantity and quality of academic help‐seeking was experimentally investigated in a blended university learning course of educational science. Compared with students who received no prompts, students with prompts about the relevance of active help‐seeking had better learning outcomes, participated more actively in online learning activities, more explicitly referred to learning contents in the forums and took more initiative in starting discussions. The perceived threat of help‐seeking could not be reduced, however.
Retracted: Learning in troubleshooting of automotive braking system: A project‐based teamwork approach
Authors: Liang Janus S. 
Published: April 2011

The following article from British Journal of Educational Technology, ‘Learning in troubleshooting of automotive braking system: A project‐based teamwork approach’, by Janus S. Liang, first published online in Wiley OnlineLibrary (http://www.wileyonlinelibrary.com) on 15 April 2011, has been retracted by agreement between the author, the journal Editor, Nick Rushby, and Blackwell Publishing Ltd. The retraction has been agreed due to the inclusion of significant passages of unattributed material from other authors.ReferenceLiang, Janus S. (2012). Learning in troubleshooting of automotive braking system: A project‐based teamwork approach, British Journal of Educational Technology, 43, 2, 331–352. doi: 10.1111/j.1467‐8535.2011.01182.x
‘It Is But an Olde Wytche Gonne’: Prosecution and Execution for Witchcraft in Exeter, 1558–1610
Authors: STOYLE MARK 
Published: April 2011

AbstractFollowing the passage of legislation making witchcraft a capital crime during the mid‐sixteenth century, magistrates across England found themselves under increasing pressure to investigate the activities of supposed ‘witches’. The present article explores how the Justices of the Peace of one urban community – the city of Exeter – reacted to those pressures. The article shows that, in the immediate aftermath of the passage of the Elizabethan statute of 1563, the Exeter magistrates were still prepared to punish those who had been accused of witchcraft in the ‘traditional’ way – by simply banishing them from the city. Attitudes soon became harsher, however, and by 1581, at the very latest, the first execution of a convicted witch at the city gallows can be shown to have occurred. At least one further execution was to follow, in 1610, but – although these cases reveal that the hanging of supposed witches in the south‐west began at least a century earlier than was previously thought – the evidence suggests that the Exeter JPs were generally more keen to restrain than to encourage the popular enthusiasm for witch‐hunting.
Mobilizing Russian Horsepower in 1812
Authors: LIEVEN DOMINIC 
Published: April 2011

AbstractHorses were of vital importance in Napoleonic‐era warfare. For Napoleon the huge loss of horses in the 1812 campaign was even more important than the loss of men. Shortage of horses undermined his hopes of victory in 1813. The mobilization and utilization of Russia's horsepower is a crucial but little‐studied aspect of these years. The largest single source of horses for the Russian cavalry in 1813–14 consisted of animals substituted for conscripts in the recruit levies. The first use of this policy occurred in the winter of 1812–13 in the provinces of Volhynia and Podolia and is the subject of this article. Its success led to the policy being adopted across the empire. As well as providing key insights into a crucial aspect of Russia's war effort, this article also illustrates the strengths and weaknesses of Russian provincial administration in these years.
An Illiberal Descent: Natural and National History in the Work of Charles Kingsley
Authors: CONLIN JONATHAN 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe Victorian novelist, historian and cleric Charles Kingsley (1819–75) was a polymath who took a close interest in natural history. A friend and correspondent of T. H. Huxley and many other leading British and American biologists, Kingsley applied concepts familiar from evolutionary biology in his historical novels and lectures. Rather than being a straightforward case of dressing literary works in language made fashionable and exciting by the boom of post‐Darwinian speculation on evolution, Kingsley sought to construct a Natural Theology for the Victorian age, one in which natural and national history merged completely. This encouraged him to present the history of Britain as the history of a divinely favoured Teutonic race, one with a mission to subdue the world. Less favoured races were doomed to assimilation into this race or to complete annihilation. Such racialist thinking was, this essay suggests, not unusual in Victorian historical writing. Accounts of Victorian historiography structured around the professionalization of a new discipline of history may have caused us to overlook ‘amateurs’ such as Kingsley, despite the fact that their historical works remained popular well into the twentieth century.
‘Ferry off the Mersey’: The Business and the Impact of Decolonization in Liverpool
Authors: WHITE NICHOLAS J. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractLiverpool remained the UK's second port into the late 1960s, and, at the same time, its overseas trade remained highly skewed towards the empire–Commonwealth. By the 1980s, however, Merseyside had become almost a byword for British economic decay. Through focusing upon Liverpool's leading shipping group – the Blue Funnel/Elder Dempster complex, representing the premiere UK lines to eastern Asia and western Africa – this article provides a testing ground for recent debates on economics and the end of empire. It confirms that in line with other UK imperial business leaders, Liverpool shipowners were disaffected with the process of decolonization. Yet, whereas the historiographical consensus has pointed to a limited impact of imperial dissolution on the British economy as a whole, the diversification strategies pursued by these disgruntled Liverpudlian ‘gentlemanly’ businessmen unwittingly contributed to the port city's late twentieth‐century downturn.
Veno‐Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation as a Bridge to and Support for Pulmonary Thromboendarterectomy in Misdiagnosed Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Faggian Giuseppe , Onorati Francesco , Chiominto Bartolomeo , Gottin Leonardo , Dan Maurizio , Ribichini Flavio , Menon Tiziano , Santini Francesco , Mazzucco Alessandro 
Published: April 2011

AbstractDiagnostic delay in patients suffering massive pulmonary embolism (PE) on chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) has inevitably fatal consequences. Indications to pulmonary thromboendarterectomy (PTE) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) are limited by severe comorbid conditions, some of which, as neurologic disease, absolutely contraindicate these procedures. We reported the clinical course of a severely diseased patient with a history of meningitis, psychosis and epilepsy, experiencing acute massive pulmonary embolism complicated by acute respiratory failure, successfully treated by ECMO and PTE. A 51‐year‐old woman with massive PE complicating a misdiagnosed CTEPH needed mechanical ventilation because of acute respiratory insufficiency. Thoracic computed tomography (CT) scan demonstrated PE, and brain CT showed multiple cerebral and cerebellar ischemic lesions. Veno‐venous ECMO assistance was instituted despite CT imaging. She recovered from acute respiratory insufficiency by means of veno‐venous ECMO. Weaning from ECMO was however impossible until surgical exploration demonstrated an underlying chronic CTEPH, which was successfully addressed by PTE, switching the ECMO system to a standard cardiopulmonary bypass. Postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged home in healthy condition. Despite the fact that the cost‐effective ratio should always be considered in advanced life support, expanding the commonly accepted selection criteria for expensive procedures might be advisable in selected acute life‐threatening cases, in view of the possibility to unexpectedly save lives.
Soft tissue dimensions in flapless immediate implants with and without immediate loading: an experimental study in the beagle dog
Authors: Blanco Juan , Carral Cristina , Liñares Antonio , Pérez Javier , Muñoz Fernando 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the peri‐implant soft tissue dimensions in flapless immediate implants with and without immediate loading.
Material and methods: This study was carried out on six beagle dogs. Four implants were placed (two per side) immediately after tooth extraction (third and fourth premolars). Flapless immediate implant placement was performed in one hemimandible (control). The same procedure was performed in the contralateral side and immediate prosthesis was connected (test). After 3 months of healing, the dogs were sacrificed.
Results: None of the implants and prosthesis were lost. Barrier epithelium in the loaded group was 2.51 mm at the buccal and 2.34 mm at the lingual aspect. In the no loaded group, the results were similar, 2.54 and 2.2 mm at the buccal and lingual side, respectively. Connective tissue in the loaded group was 1.38 mm at the buccal and 0.65 mm at the lingual aspect, and in the no loaded group 1.48 mm at the buccal and 0.53 mm at the lingual side. Biological width dimensions were 3.9 mm at the buccal and 2.95 mm at the lingual aspect for the loaded group, and 4.01 and 2.64 mm at the buccal and lingual aspect for the no loaded group.
Conclusions: The results of the present study suggested that soft tissues dimensions around immediate implants with immediate loading were similar to immediate implants without loading.
To cite this article: Blanco J, Carral C, Liñares, A, Pérez J, Muñoz F. Soft tissue dimensions in flapless immediate implants with and without immediate loading: an experimental study in the beagle dog. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 23, 2012; 70–75. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2011.02183.x
Influence of topography and hydrophilicity on initial oral biofilm formation on microstructured titanium surfaces in vitro
Authors: Almaguer‐Flores A. , Olivares‐Navarrete R. , Wieland M. , Ximénez‐Fyvie L. A. , Schwartz Z. , Boyan B. D. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyse the influence of the microtopography and hydrophilicity of titanium (Ti) substrates on initial oral biofilm formation.
Materials and methods: Nine bacterial species belonging to the normal oral microbiota, including: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Actinomyces israelii, Campylobacter rectus, Eikenella corrodens, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Parvimonas micra, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Streptococcus sanguinis were tested on Ti surfaces: pretreatment (PT [Ra<0.2 μm]), acid‐etched (A [Ra<0.8 μm]), A modified to be hydrophilic (modA), sand‐blasted/acid‐etched (SLA [Ra=4 μm]), and hydrophilic SLA (modSLA). Disks were incubated for 24 h in anaerobic conditions using a normal culture medium (CM) or human saliva (HS). The total counts of bacteria and the proportion of each bacterial species were analysed by checkerboard DNA–DNA hybridization.
Results: Higher counts of bacteria were observed on all surfaces incubated with CM compared with the samples incubated with HS. PT, SLA, and modSLA exhibited higher numbers of attached bacteria in CM, whereas SLA and modSLA had a significant increase in bacterial adhesion in HS. The proportion of the species in the initial biofilms was also influenced by the surface properties and the media used: SLA and modSLA increased the proportion of species like A. actinomycetemcomitans and S. sanguinis in both media, while the adhesion of A. israelii and P. gingivalis on the same surfaces was affected in the presence of saliva.
Conclusions: The initial biofilm formation and composition were affected by the microtopography and hydrophilicity of the surface and by the media used.
To cite this article: Almaguer‐Flores A, Olivares Navarrete R, Wieland M, Ximénez‐Fyvie LA, Schwartz Z, Boyan BD. Influence of topography and hydrophilicity on initial oral biofilm formation on microstructured titanium surfaces in vitro. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 23, 2012; 301–307. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2011.02184.x
Influence of shearing on oxidative stress and some physiological parameters in ewes
Authors: PICCIONE Giuseppe , FAZIO Francesco , CASELLA Stefania , PENNISI Pietro , CAOLA Giovanni 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of shearing on physiological and oxidative stress parameters in ewes. Twenty Comisana ewes were used and divided into two groups. Ten ewes were left unshorn as a control group (Group A) and 10 ewes were shorn (Group B). All measurements were taken before and after shearing, and repeated 8 h after shearing and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10 and 15 days after shearing. Reactive oxygen species (dROMs), antioxidant barrier (oxy‐adsorbent), thiol antioxidant barrier (SHp) and packed cell volume (PCV) were assessed in blood samples collected by means of jugular venipuncture. Rectal temperature (RT), respiratory rate (RR) and heart rate (HR) were also measured. Two‐way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Bonferroni's test, was used for the assessment of significant effects due to shearing and time. The statistical analysis showed significant increases (P < 0.01) of dROMs, oxy‐adsorbent, SHp, and a significant decrease (P < 0.01) of RT and RR associated with time and shearing. Our results indicate that shearing causes a change in the ewe's homeostatic balance that leads to oxidative stress.
Ex vivo amplification of human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in an alginate three‐dimensional culture system
Authors: YUAN Y. , TSE K.‐T. , SIN F. W.‐Y. , XUE B. , FAN H.‐H. , XIE Y. , XIE Y. 
Published: April 2011

SummaryIntroduction:  One of the key factors critical for a successful human cord blood transplantation in treating patients with hematopoietic disorders is the number of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells derived from human cord blood. Here, we report an alginate three‐dimensional (3D) culture system for the expansion of CD34+ cells in cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs).Methods:  Cord blood mononuclear cells were isolated from human cord blood and encapsulated in 3D alginate beads. The cells were grown with different concentrations of cytokines. At day 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12, respectively, the percentage of CD34+ cells was quantified by flow cytometry. Colony‐forming cell assay was performed to determine the potential of hematopoietic reconstruction of the amplified cells under the 3D culture system.Results:  After culturing for 12 days, the CBMCs encapsulated in the 3D alginate beads were amplified 5.89 ± 0.72 fold, CD34+ cells increased from 2.60 ± 0.52% to 13.27 ± 2.65%, and the colony‐forming assay showed that the colony‐forming unit‐granulocyte/granulocyte‐macrophage (CFU‐G/GM) increased from 363.34 ± 34.47/105 cells to 3423.33 ± 645.14/105 cells (P < 0.001). In comparison, the conventional two‐dimensional (2D) culture system showed that the CBMCs, CD34+ cells and the CFU‐G/GM were 0.68 ± 0.16 fold, 0.45 ± 0.17%, and 532.92 ± 82.97/105 cells, respectively.Conclusion:  This study demonstrates a new and efficient method to amplify the CD34+ human cord blood hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells in a 3D alginate culture system ex vivo for extended periods while retaining the hematopoietic reconstruction capacity.
Pharmacy student perceptions of public health service roles and responsibilities
Authors: Wilbur Kerry 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Background
There is increasing emphasis on pharmacists' assuming responsibility for public health promotion and delivery with formal expansion of public health activities in their practice. A number of pharmacy school accreditation bodies now incorporate public health competencies within expected professional training outcomes. The objective of this study was to characterize pharmacy student perceptions towards pharmacist public health services roles and responsibilities.

Methods
All undergraduate students at the College of Pharmacy at Qatar University were surveyed 1 week following a student-led breast cancer awareness event. A questionnaire was devised from a literature review and comprised of 10 questions assessing pharmacy student motivations, perceptions and anticipated comfort with various pharmacist-conducted public health activities.

Results
Ninety-four per cent of students responded, most having participated in the breast cancer awareness event. They generally felt pharmacist participation in such health promotions would enhance the profession's profile among patients (75.1%) and colleagues (89.6%), but recognized that other health professionals may be unfamiliar with certain pharmacist activities in this regard. Students considered knowledge of disease aetiology and diagnosis necessary for pharmacists (97.9%), as well as the obligation to offer non-pharmacological patient counselling (73.8%). Many (61.7%) anticipated comfort in communicating potentially culturally sensitive health matters both to patients in their own practice site or as a spokesperson to the general public.

Conclusion
Undergraduate pharmacy students in our College of Pharmacy expressed favourable attitudes towards public health roles of pharmacists. Early enthusiasm for participation in public health activities is valuable for building communication skills, promoting leadership and potentially influencing practising pharmacists.
Accessing genitourinary medicine clinics: does it matter where you live?
Authors: Stuart Beth , Hinde Andrew 
Published: April 2011

ObjectivesTo determine whether genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinics in England are located conveniently for potential users and to assess whether there are any regional variations in accessibility.MethodsA surface model was created in ArcGIS to estimate driving times to the nearest GUM clinic and to identify the proportion of the population living more than 30 minutes drive from their nearest clinic.ResultsOverall, 3.0% of the population live further than 30 minutes from their nearest clinic. However, this average figure disguises considerable regional variation. While access in London and the South East was excellent, with less than 1% of the population living more than 30 minutes from the nearest clinic, in the South West and the East of England, these percentages rose to 7.7% and 9.2%, respectively.ConclusionsIn some regions of England it is important to consider the physical barriers to clinic access, as inability or unwillingness to undertake a long journey to a GUM clinic may increase the workload in other clinical settings.
Bluetongue serotype 8 vaccine coverage in northern and south‐eastern England in 2008
Authors: Webb C. R. , Floyd T. , Brien S. , Oura C. A. L. , Wood J. L. N. 
Published: April 2011

A postal survey of all registered cattle and sheep farmers in East Anglia was carried out from July 2008 to determine bluetongue virus serotype 8 (BTV‐8) vaccine uptake in the region. The vaccine was available to farmers in this region from May 2008. The survey was repeated in Cumbria and Northumberland at the beginning of 2009. In these regions, the vaccine was not available until September 1, 2008. Holding‐level vaccine uptake was estimated to be 85 per cent (95 per cent confidence interval [CI] 83 to 87 per cent, n=1623) in East Anglia and 36 per cent (95 per cent CI 32 to 40 per cent, n=633) in northern England. A telephone follow‐up of non‐responders reduced these estimates to 79 and 29 per cent in East Anglia and northern England, respectively. In both regions, vaccine coverage was higher in sheep than in cattle, with 92 per cent of sheep in East Anglia having been vaccinated. The proportion of holdings that had applied the vaccine or were intending to apply the vaccine in 2009 in the northern region was 51 per cent (95 per cent CI 47 to 54 per cent, n=664), with a further 37 per cent undecided at the time of response.