bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multicentre multiobserver study of diffusion-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MRI for the diagnosis of sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease: a reliability and agreement study
Authors: Fujita Koji , Harada Masafumi , Sasaki Makoto , Yuasa Tatsuhiko , Sakai Kenji , Hamaguchi Tsuyoshi , Sanjo Nobuo , Shiga Yusei , Satoh Katsuya , Atarashi Ryuichiro , Shirabe Susumu , Nagata Ken , Maeda Tetsuya , Murayama Shigeo , Izumi Yuishin , Kaji Ryuji , Yamada Masahito , Mizusawa Hidehiro 
Published: January 2012

ObjectivesTo assess the utility of the display standardisation of diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) and to compare the effectiveness of DWI and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) MRI for the diagnosis of sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (sCJD).DesignA reliability and agreement study.SettingThirteen MRI observers comprising eight neurologists and five radiologists at two universities in Japan.ParticipantsData of 1.5-Tesla DWI and FLAIR were obtained from 29 patients with sCJD and 13 controls.Outcome measuresStandardisation of DWI display was performed utilising b0 imaging. The observers participated in standardised DWI, variable DWI (the display adjustment was observer dependent) and FLAIR sessions. The observers independently assessed each MRI for CJD-related lesions, that is, hyperintensity in the cerebral cortex or striatum, using a continuous rating scale. Performance was evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC).ResultsThe mean AUC values were 0.84 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.87) for standardised DWI, 0.85 (95% CI 0.82 to 0.88) for variable DWI and 0.68 (95% CI 0.63 to 0.72) for FLAIR, demonstrating the superiority of DWI (p<0.05). There was a trend for higher intraclass correlations of standardised DWI (0.74, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.83) and variable DWI (0.72, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.81) than that of FLAIR (0.63, 95% CI 0.53 to 0.74), although the differences were not statistically significant.ConclusionsStandardised DWI is as reliable as variable DWI, and the two DWI displays are superior to FLAIR for the diagnosis of sCJD. The authors propose that hyperintensity in the cerebral cortex or striatum on 1.5-Tesla DWI but not FLAIR can be a reliable diagnostic marker for sCJD.
NICE guidance: a comparative study of the introduction of the single technology appraisal process and comparison with guidance from Scottish Medicines Consortium
Authors: Ford John A , Waugh Norman , Sharma Pawana , Sculpher Mark , Walker Andrew 
Published: January 2012

ObjectivesTo compare the timelines and recommendations of the Scottish Medicines Consortium (SMC) and National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE), in particular since the single technology assessment (STA) process was introduced in 2005.DesignComparative study of drug appraisals published by NICE and SMC.SettingNICE and SMC.ParticipantsAll drugs appraised by SMC and NICE, from establishment of each organisation until August 2010, were included. Data were gathered from published reports on the NICE website, SMC annual reports and European Medicines Agency website.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary outcome was time from marketing authorisation until publication of first guidance. The final outcome for each drug was documented. Drug appraisals by NICE (before and after the introduction of the STA process) and SMC were compared.ResultsNICE and SMC appraised 140 drugs, 415 were appraised by SMC alone and 102 by NICE alone. NICE recommended, with or without restriction, 90% of drugs and SMC 80%. SMC published guidance more quickly than NICE (median 7.4 compared with 21.4 months). Overall, the STA process reduced the average time to publication compared with multiple technology assessments (median 16.1 compared with 22.8 months). However, for cancer medications, the STA process took longer than multiple technology assessment (25.2 compared with 20.0 months).ConclusionsProportions of drugs recommended for NHS use by SMC and NICE are similar. SMC publishes guidance more quickly than NICE. The STA process has improved the time to publication but not for cancer drugs. The lengthier time for NICE guidance is partly due to measures to provide transparency and the widespread consultation during the NICE process.
Exploring interest correlation for peer-to-peer socialized video sharing
Authors: Cheng Xu , Liu Jiangchuan 
Published: January 2012

The last five years have witnessed an explosion of networked video sharing, represented by YouTube, as a new killer Internet application. Their sustainable development however is severely hindered by the intrinsic limit of their client/server architecture. A shift to the peer-to-peer paradigm has been widely suggested with success already shown in live video streaming and movie-on-demand. Unfortunately, our latest measurement demonstrates that short video clips exhibit drastically different statistics, which would simply render these existing solutions suboptimal, if not entirely inapplicable.
Our long-term measurement over five million YouTube videos, on the other hand, reveals interesting social networks with strong correlation among the videos, thus opening new opportunities to explore. In this article, we present NetTube, a novel peer-to-peer assisted delivering framework that explores the user interest correlation for short video sharing. We address a series of key design issues to realize the system, including a bi-layer overlay, an efficient indexing scheme, a delay-aware scheduling mechanism, and a prefetching strategy leveraging interest correlation. We evaluate NetTube through both simulations and prototype experiments, which show that it greatly reduces the server workload, improves the playback quality and scales well.
Inferring Networks of Diffusion and Influence
Authors: Gomez-Rodriguez Manuel , Leskovec Jure , Krause Andreas 
Published: January 2012

Information diffusion and virus propagation are fundamental processes taking place in networks. While it is often possible to directly observe when nodes become infected with a virus or publish the information, observing individual transmissions (who infects whom, or who influences whom) is typically very difficult. Furthermore, in many applications, the underlying network over which the diffusions and propagations spread is actually unobserved. We tackle these challenges by developing a method for tracing paths of diffusion and influence through networks and inferring the networks over which contagions propagate. Given the times when nodes adopt pieces of information or become infected, we identify the optimal network that best explains the observed infection times. Since the optimization problem is NP-hard to solve exactly, we develop an efficient approximation algorithm that scales to large datasets and finds provably near-optimal networks.We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by tracing information diffusion in a set of 170 million blogs and news articles over a one year period to infer how information flows through the online media space. We find that the diffusion network of news for the top 1,000 media sites and blogs tends to have a core-periphery structure with a small set of core media sites that diffuse information to the rest of the Web. These sites tend to have stable circles of influence with more general news media sites acting as connectors between them.
Abstracts from RIMS workshop on developments in computer algebra research
Authors: Terui Akira 
Published: January 2012

The RIMSWorkshop on Developments in Computer Algebra Research (https://sites.google.com/site/dcar2010/) has been held at Research Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan, on July 7--9, 2010.
This workshop has been organized mainly for young researchers of computer algebra in Japan (besides another RIMS conference annually held that is one of the most traditional one in computer algebra community in Japan), for communicating new ideas, interaction with other research areas and/or sharing resource of research communications (including how to organize an international conference, as shown below). We had two invited talks as tutorials and 13 contributed talks which contain various topics in mathematics, physical and chemical sciences, engineering and informatics.
Following are the abstracts presented at the workshop. Full papers of contributed talks along with abstracts of tutorials will be published as Volume 1759 of "RIMS Kôkyûroku" (collection of research reports), which will also be accessible at Kyoto University Research Information Repository (KURENAI; http://hdl.handle.net/2433/24851).
Ideal Cardiovascular Health and Mortality From All Causes and Diseases of the Circulatory System Among Adults in the United States
Authors: Ford Earl S. , Greenlund Kurt J. , Hong Yuling 
Published: January 2012

Background—
Recently, the American Heart Association developed a set of 7 ideal health metrics that will be used to measure progress toward their 2020 goals for cardiovascular health. The objective of the present study was to examine how well these metrics predicted mortality from all causes and diseases of the circulatory system in a national sample of adults in the United States.

Methods and Results—
We used data from 7622 adults ≥20 years of age who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2002 and whose mortality through 2006 was determined via linkage to the National Death Index. For the dietary and glycemic metrics, we used alternative measures. During a median follow-up of 5.8 years, 532 deaths (186 deaths resulting from diseases of the circulatory system) occurred. About 1.5% of participants met none of the 7 ideal cardiovascular health metrics, and 1.1% of participants met all 7 metrics. The number of ideal metrics was significantly and inversely related to mortality from all causes and diseases of the circulatory system. Compared with participants who met none of the ideal metrics, those meeting ≥5 metrics had a reduction of 78% (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.22; 95% confidence interval, 0.10–0.50) in the risk for all-cause mortality and 88% (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.12; 95% confidence interval, 0.03–0.57) in the risk for mortality from diseases of the circulatory system.

Conclusion—
The number of ideal cardiovascular health metrics is a strong predictor of mortality from all causes and diseases of the circulatory system.
Evaluation of Various Methods for Estimating Global Solar Radiation in the Southeastern United States
Authors: Woli Prem , Paz Joel O. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractGlobal solar radiationRgis an important input for crop models to simulate crop responses. Because the scarcity of long and continuous records ofRgis a serious limitation in many countries,Rgis estimated using models. For crop-model application, empiricalRgmodels that use commonly measured meteorological variables, such as temperature and precipitation, are generally preferred. Although a large number of models of this kind exist, few have been evaluated for conditions in the United States. This study evaluated the performances of 16 empirical, temperature- and/or precipitation-basedRgmodels for the southeastern United States. By taking into account spatial distribution and data availability, 30 locations in the region were selected and their daily weather data spanning eight years obtained. One-half of the data was used for calibrating the models, and the other half was used for evaluation. For each model, location-specific parameter values were estimated through regressions. Models were evaluated for each location using the root-mean-square error and the modeling efficiency as goodness-of-fit measures. Among the models that use temperature or precipitation as the input variable, the Mavromatis model showed the best performance. The piecewise linear regression–based Wu et al. model (WP) performed best not only among the models that use both temperature and precipitation but also among the 16 models evaluated, mainly because it has separate relationships for low and high radiation levels. The modeling efficiency of WP was from ~5% to more than 100% greater than those of the other models, depending on models and locations.
The Tropical Subseasonal Variability Simulated in the NASA GISS General Circulation Model
Authors: Kim Daehyun , Sobel Adam H. , Del Genio Anthony D. , Chen Yonghua , Camargo Suzana J. , Yao Mao-Sung , Kelley Maxwell , Nazarenko Larissa 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
The tropical subseasonal variability simulated by the Goddard Institute for Space Studies general circulation model, Model E2, is examined. Several versions of Model E2 were developed with changes to the convective parameterization in order to improve the simulation of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO). When the convective scheme is modified to have a greater fractional entrainment rate, Model E2 is able to simulate MJO-like disturbances with proper spatial and temporal scales. Increasing the rate of rain reevaporation has additional positive impacts on the simulated MJO. The improvement in MJO simulation comes at the cost of increased biases in the mean state, consistent in structure and amplitude with those found in other GCMs when tuned to have a stronger MJO. By reinitializing a relatively poor-MJO version with restart files from a relatively better-MJO version, a series of 30-day integrations is constructed to examine the impacts of the parameterization changes on the organization of tropical convection. The poor-MJO version with smaller entrainment rate has a tendency to allow convection to be activated over a broader area and to reduce the contrast between dry and wet regimes so that tropical convection becomes less organized. Besides the MJO, the number of tropical-cyclone-like vortices simulated by the model is also affected by changes in the convection scheme. The model simulates a smaller number of such storms globally with a larger entrainment rate, while the number increases significantly with a greater rain reevaporation rate.
Influence of memantine on nociceptive responses of the trigeminocervical complex after formalin injection
Authors: Park Jeong Wook , Suh Gyoung Im , Shin Hae Eun , Park Go Eun 
Published: January 2012

Background: Glutamate receptors are implicated in central nervous system (CNS) pain pathways, including trigeminovascular activation, central sensitization, and cortical spreading depression. Methods: We investigated the influence of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist memantine on pain pathways involving trigeminocervical complex (TCC) using a formalin injection model. In Sprague Dawley rats, formalin was delivered into the left periorbital area. Memantine (10 mg/kg) or vehicle was injected intraperitoneally 30 min before the formalin injection. The sensory threshold for mechanical stimulation, assessed by the von Frey monofilament threshold (VFMF), was measured 1 h and 2 h after formalin injection. Formalin-induced pain behavior was measured by monitoring the time spent rubbing the injected area during 60 min after formalin injection. The brainstem was then removed, and sections that spanned the TCC were cut, and stained with a Fos antibody. Results: Pretreatment with memantine significantly attenuated formalin-induced pain behavior (p < 0.01) and the sensory threshold for VFMF (p < 0.001). In the TCC, the increase in formalin-induced Fos immunoreactivity was significantly attenuated in the memantine group (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that the NMDA receptor antagonist memantine inhibits the nociceptive process from trigemino-ophthalmic nerve endings to the TCC.
Maternal smoking during pregnancy and primary headache in school-aged children: a cohort study
Authors: Fabbri Carlos E , Barbieri Marco A , Silva Antônio M , Gutierrez Manoel R , Bettiol Heloisa , Speciali José G , Rona Roberto J 
Published: January 2012

Background: It is not known whether smoking by mothers during pregnancy is associated with headache in their offspring. Methods: Two prospective cohorts of 869 children aged 10–11 years from Ribeirão Preto (RP) and 805 children aged 7–9 years from São Luís (SL) were studied. Data on maternal smoking were collected at birth. Primary headache was defined as a reporting of ≥2 episodes of headache in the past 2 weeks, without any associated organic symptoms. Results: Prevalence of headache was 28.1% in RP and 13.1% in SL as reported by the mothers and 17.5% in RP and 29.4% in SL as reported by the children. Agreement between mothers’ report and children’s self-report of primary headache in the child was poor. After adjustment, children whose mothers smoked ≥10 cigarettes per day during pregnancy presented higher prevalence of primary headache than their counterparts in both cohorts, as reported by the mother and in RP as reported by the children. Conclusions: Maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with headache in 7- to 11-year-olds. With one exception, the consistency of the results, despite poor agreement between maternal and children reports of headache, indicates that maternal smoking during pregnancy may contribute to headaches in their children.
Hyperintense vessels on flair imaging in reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome
Authors: Chen Shih-Pin , Fuh Jong-Ling , Lirng Jiing-Feng , Wang Shuu-Jiun 
Published: January 2012

Objectives: To study the frequency and significance of distal hyperintense vessels (HVs) on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging in patients with reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS). Methods: Patients with RCVS were recruited during 2002 through 2009. Prominence and location of HVs on FLAIR images during the acute and recovery stages were documented. Clinical profiles, vasoconstriction scores, mean flow velocities of the middle cerebral artery (VMCA) and posterior cerebral artery (VPCA), and the Lindegaard index (LI) were collected for analysis. Results: Ninety-five patients with RCVS (11M/84F, mean age 47.8 ± 10.9 years) were recruited. Twenty-one (22.1%) had FLAIR HVs, which were noted at a mean of 14.3 ± 12.7 days and resolved by 44.9 ± 18.8 days. Compared with patients without HVs, patients with this finding had higher vasoconstriction scores for all arterial segments; higher VMCA (121.0 ± 39.5 cm/s vs. 93.3 ± 27.8, p = 0.002), VPCA (73.3 ± 35.0 vs. 50.5 ± 17.8 cm/s, p = 0.010), and LI (2.8 ± 1.2 vs. 1.9 ± 0.5, p = 0.018), and complications such as posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) [8/21 (38%) vs. 0/74 (0%), p < 0.001] or ischemic stroke [5/21 (24%) vs. 1/74 (1%), p = 0.002]. Conclusions: HVs in patients with RCVS might be attributed to the failure of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) signal nulling on FLAIR imaging due to severe cerebral hemodynamic derangements and were associated with more frequent ischemic complications.
3p Interstitial Deletion
Authors: Ţuţulan-Cuniţă Andreea Cristina , Papuc Sorina Mihaela , Arghir Aurora , Rötzer Katharina Magdalena , Deshpande Charulata , Lungeanu Agripina , Budişteanu Magdalena 
Published: January 2012

3p interstitial deletions have emerged in recent years as a new cause of neurodevelopmental delay and intellectual disability. Since the first report of this condition in 1979, 16 cases have been described in the literature, delineating it as a presumptive syndrome. Here, we add a novel case presenting severely delayed neurodevelopment and psychomotor development; facial dysmorphism (square facies, broad forehead, short palpebral fissures, epicanthic folds, broad nasal bridge, and low-set malformed ears); cerebral, cardiac, and genital malformations; hand and feet anomalies; sacral sinus; and hearing impairment. Genetic investigations revealed a del(3)(p12.3p14.1) of 12.5 Mb, including 31 ORFs, among which ROBO2, PDZRN3, MITF, and FOXP1 are known to act in neurodevelopment. The clinical features of our patient are compared with those previously reported in the literature, thus providing further support for the delineation of the 3p interstitial deletion syndrome.
Temporal transcriptome changes induced by MDV in marek's disease-resistant and -susceptible inbred chickens
Authors: Yu Ying , Luo Juan , Mitra Apratim , Chang Shuang , Tian Fei , Zhang Huanmin , Yuan Ping , Zhou Huaijun , Song Jiuzhou 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackgroundMarek's disease (MD) is a lymphoproliferative disease in chickens caused by Marek's disease virus (MDV) and characterized by T cell lymphoma and infiltration of lymphoid cells into various organs such as liver, spleen, peripheral nerves and muscle. Resistance to MD and disease risk have long been thought to be influenced both by genetic and environmental factors, the combination of which contributes to the observed outcome in an individual. We hypothesize that after MDV infection, genes related to MD-resistance or -susceptibility may exhibit different trends in transcriptional activity in chicken lines having a varying degree of resistance to MD.ResultsIn order to study the mechanisms of resistance and susceptibility to MD, we performed genome-wide temporal expression analysis in spleen tissues from MD-resistant line 63, susceptible line 72and recombinant congenic strain M (RCS-M) that has a phenotype intermediate between lines 63and 72after MDV infection. Three time points of the MDV life cycle in chicken were selected for study: 5 days post infection (dpi), 10dpi and 21dpi, representing the early cytolytic, latent and late cytolytic stages, respectively. We observed similar gene expression profiles at the three time points in line 63and RCS-M chickens that are both different from line 72. Pathway analysis using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) showed that MDV can broadly influence the chickens irrespective of whether they are resistant or susceptible to MD. However, some pathways like cardiac arrhythmia and cardiovascular disease were found to be affected only in line 72; while some networks related to cell-mediated immune response and antigen presentation were enriched only in line 63and RCS-M. We identified 78 and 30 candidate genes associated with MD resistance, at 10 and 21dpi respectively, by considering genes having the same trend of expression change after MDV infection in lines 63and RCS-M. On the other hand, by considering genes with the same trend of expression change after MDV infection in lines 72and RCS-M, we identified 78 and 43 genes at 10 and 21dpi, respectively, which may be associated with MD-susceptibility.ConclusionsBy testing temporal transcriptome changes using three representative chicken lines with different resistance to MD, we identified 108 candidate genes for MD-resistance and 121 candidate genes for MD-susceptibility over the three time points. Genes included in our resistance or susceptibility genes lists that are also involved in more than 5 biofunctions, such asCD8α,IL8,USP18, andCTLA4, are considered to be important genes involved in MD-resistance or -susceptibility. We were also able to identify several biofunctions related with immune response that we believe play an important role in MD-resistance.