bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leiomyosarcoma of the urinary bladder: a clinicopathological study of 34 cases
Authors: Lindberg Matthew R , Fisher Cyril , Thway Khin , Cao Dengfeng , Cheville John C , Folpe Andrew L 
Published: August 2010

BackgroundLeiomyosarcomas of the urinary bladder (LMS-UB) are rare, usually aggressive neoplasms. Owing to their rarity, only a limited number of cases with clinical follow-up information have been published. There is no current consensus on LMS-UB grading, and it is unknown whether the widely accepted Fédération Nationale des Centres de Lutte Contre le Cancer (FNCLCC) and National Cancer Institute (NCI) grading systems of soft-tissue sarcomas are applicable to LMS-UB.MethodsThe authors studied 34 well-characterised LMS-UB and compared the prognostic power of the FNCLCC and NCI systems with that of one published grading scheme for LMS-UB (Mayo). All available slides from 34 LMS-UB were retrieved and evaluated with regards to degree of differentiation, mitotic rate/10 high-powered fields (HPF), and % necrosis. Cases were graded using published criteria for the FNCLCC, NCI and Mayo schemes. Follow-up information was obtained.ResultsThe tumours occurred in 17 females and 17 males, ranging from 31 to 91 years (median 65), and measured 2–12 cm in size. One tumour was well differentiated, 17 tumours were moderately differentiated, and 16 tumours were poorly differentiated. Mitotic rates ranged from 1 to >30/10 HPF (median 12/10 HPF), and tumours showed 0–60% necrosis (median 25%). FNCLCC grades were 1 (3), 2 (12) and 3 (19). NCI grades were 1 (2), 2 (11) and 3 (21). Mayo grades were low (7) and high (27). FNCLCC and NCI grades were identical in 23/34 cases (68%). Four cases were FNCLCC/NCI grade 2 or 3 and Mayo low-grade. Clinical follow-up was available for 25 of 34 patients (74%). Clinical follow-up of ≥12 months was available for 17 of these 25 cases (68%) with a median follow-up duration of 52 months (range 12–120 months). Adverse outcome was seen in nine of these 17 patients (53%). Seven of the eight cases (88%) with a clinical follow-up duration of <12 months died of their disease. Overall, adverse outcome was documented in 16 of 25 (64%) cases. Metastatic disease was seen in 13 of 25 (52%) cases, with the lungs being the most common site of metastasis (62%). Adverse outcome was noted in 15 of 23 (65%) of FNCLCC grade 2 or 3 LMS-UB, as compared with zero of two (0%) FNCLCC grade 1 tumours (p=0.15), in 15 of 23 (65%) NCI grade 2 or 3 LMS-UB, versus zero of two (0%) NCI grade 1 sarcomas (p=0.17) and in 13 of 20 (65%) Mayo high grade LMS-UB, as opposed to two of five (40%) low-grade lesions (all results not statistically significant).ConclusionsThe authors conclude that LMS-UB occurs in older adults of either sex and is characterised by aggressive behaviour, with adverse outcome in >60% of cases. Certain advantages of the FNCLCC system may support its more widespread adoption for future studies.
Lyophilised plasma: evaluation of clotting factor activity over 6 days after reconstitution for transfusion
Authors: Schoenfeld Helge , Pruss Axel , Keller Mareike , Schuster Michael , Meinck Kristian , Neuner Bruno , von Heymann Christian 
Published: August 2010

AimsLittle is known about long-term stability of clotting factors in dissolved human lyophilised plasma. This study evaluated clotting factor and inhibitor activity in reconstituted lyophilised plasma after storage for up to 6 days at 4°C.MethodsFive samples from different lots of pooled lyophilised plasma (LyoPlas; German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service West) were reconstituted. The activity of fibrinogen, factor II (FII), FV, FVII, FVIII, FIX, FX, FXI, FXII, FXIII, antithrombin, plasmin inhibitor, von Willebrand factor antigen, free protein S and protein C were determined immediately and at 2, 4, 6, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 and 144 h after reconstitution. Tests for bacterial contamination were performed after 12, 72 and 144 h from each plasma bottle.ResultsStorage at 4°C for 6 h led to a decrease in the activity of FVIII (Δ −14.9%), FIX (Δ −6.9%) and FXI (Δ −6.3%), and an increase in the activity of plasmin inhibitor (Δ +10.2%). Storage for up to 6 days resulted in a further decrease in activity of FVIII (Δ −24.3%), FIX (Δ −13.4%) and FXI (Δ −22.9%), and, additionally, a decrease in the activity of FV (Δ −15.0%), fibrinogen (Δ −6.9%) and plasmin inhibitor (Δ −17.5%). Other factors and inhibitors, with exception of protein C (Δ +8.2%), remained almost unchanged over time. Blood cultures were sterile and showed no bacterial growth.ConclusionsThe activity of all measured coagulation factors and inhibitors in a time course of up to 6 days met required quality standards. Further in vivo testing is required to demonstrate safety and efficacy of extended clinical use of refrigerated reconstituted lyophilised plasma.
Chronic viral hepatitis and chronic kidney disease
Authors: Chacko Elias C , Surrun Soondal Koomar , Mubarack Sani T P , Pappachan Joseph M 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChronic kidney disease (CKD) has become a major public health problem worldwide over the past few decades because of the increasing prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and elderly individuals in most countries. Chronic viral hepatitis (due to hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV)) also poses significant morbidity and mortality globally. Both these viruses can cause CKD and these infections can occur as a consequence of CKD management. CKD patients acquiring HBV or HCV infection have higher morbidity and mortality rates, and the management of these infections among CKD patients with antiviral agents is associated with high rates of adverse effects. The optimal management of CKD associated with HBV and HCV is not well defined because of insufficient data from clinical trials. This review discusses the pathogenesis, clinical characteristics and management issues related to chronic viral hepatitis and CKD.
Magnetic Resonance Metabolomics of Intact Tissue: A Biotechnological Tool in Cancer Diagnostics and Treatment Evaluation
Authors: Bathen Tone F. , Sitter Beathe , Sjøbakk Torill E. , Tessem May-Britt , Gribbestad Ingrid S. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Personalized medicine is increasingly important in cancer treatment for its role in staging and its potential to improve stratification of patients. Different types of molecules, genes, proteins, and metabolites are being extensively explored as potential biomarkers. This review discusses the major findings and potential of tissue metabolites determined by high-resolution magic angle spinning magnetic resonance spectroscopy for cancer detection, characterization, and treatment monitoring. Cancer Res; 70(17); 6692–6. ©2010 AACR.
Patterns of Expression of DNA Repair Genes and Relapse From Melanoma
Authors: Jewell Rosalyn , Conway Caroline , Mitra Angana , Randerson-Moor Juliette , Lobo Samira , Nsengimana Jérémie , Harland Mark , Marples Maria , Edward Sara , Cook Martin , Powell Barry , Boon Andy , de Kort Floor , Parker Katharine A. , Cree Ian A. , Barrett Jennifer H. , Knowles Margaret A. , Bishop D. Timothy , Newton-Bishop Julia 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Purpose: To use gene expression profiling of formalin-fixed primary melanoma samples to detect expression patterns that are predictive of relapse and response to chemotherapy.
Experimental Design: Gene expression profiles were identified in samples from two studies (472 tumors). Gene expression data for 502 cancer-related genes from these studies were combined for analysis.
Results: Increased expression of DNA repair genes most strongly predicted relapse and was associated with thicker tumors. Increased expression of RAD51 was the most predictive of relapse-free survival in unadjusted analysis (hazard ratio, 2.98; P = 8.80 × 10−6). RAD52 (hazard ratio, 4.73; P = 0.0004) and TOP2A (hazard ratio, 3.06; P = 0.009) were independent predictors of relapse-free survival in multivariable analysis. These associations persisted when the analysis was further adjusted for demographic and histologic features of prognostic importance (RAD52 P = 0.01; TOP2A P = 0.02). Using principal component analysis, expression of DNA repair genes was summarized into one variable. Genes whose expression correlated with this variable were predominantly associated with the cell cycle and DNA repair. In 42 patients treated with chemotherapy, DNA repair gene expression was greater in tumors from patients who progressed on treatment. Further data supportive of a role for increased expression of DNA repair genes as predictive biomarkers are reported, which were generated using multiplex PCR.
Conclusions: Overexpression of DNA repair genes (predominantly those involved in double-strand break repair) was associated with relapse. These data support the hypothesis that melanoma progression requires maintenance of genetic stability and give insight into mechanisms of melanoma drug resistance and potential therapies. Clin Cancer Res; 16(21); 5211–21. ©2010 AACR.
A new genus and three new species of Oriental Oxycerini (Diptera: Stratiomyidae: Stratiomyinae) with notes on new generic synonyms in two other stratiomyine genera
Authors: Woodley Norman , Rozkošný Rudolf 
Published: August 2010

AbstractOxycerina gen.n. (Stratiomyidae: Stratiomyinae), including three new species, O. hauseri sp.n., O. merzi sp.n. and O. sabaha sp.n., is described from the Oriental Region and compared with related genera of Stratiomyinae and Raphiocerinae. The monotypic genus Scapanocnema Enderlein, 1914 is considered to be a synonym of Odontomyia Meigen, 1803; S. spathulipes Enderlein, 1914 and O. latitibia Rozkošný & Kovac, 1994 are considered to be new synonyms of O. luteiceps de Meijere, 1911. Cyrtopus Bigot, 1883, is also proposed as a synonym of Odontomyia, resulting in new or resurrected combinations for the species O. fastuosa (Bigot, 1883), O. magnifica Lachaise & Lindner, 1973, and O. smaragdifera (Lindner, 1938). Timorimyia Frey, 1934 is proposed as a new synonym of Acanthasargus White, 1914, resulting in A. bidentatus (Frey, 1934), comb.n. A key to the genera of the Oriental Stratiomyinae and Raphiocerinae is presented.
The systematic position of Diopsina Curran, 1928 (Diptera: Diopsidae) inferred from DNA sequence data
Authors: Carr Martin , Balke Michael , Kotrba Marion 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe placement of Diopsina in a monophyletic clade with Diopsis and Eurydiopsis is confirmed and a sister group relationship between Diopsina and Diopsis recovered with moderate support. The clarification of the phylogenetic position of Diopsina nested deeply within Diopsini is of crucial importance for the understanding of the relationships and the evolution of various morphological characters within the family.
Cell Therapy in Tendon Disorders
Authors: Obaid Haron , Connell David 
Published: August 2010

Background Various types of tissue-derived cells are being experimented with for the treatment of tendinopathy, tendon repair, and use in tissue engineering. Purpose The aim of this systematic review is to explore the current evidence with a view to evaluate the potential of this therapeutic intervention. Study Design Systematic review. Methods A review of the literature was conducted using PubMed. Search criteria included keywords “tendinopathy,” “tendinitis,” “tendinosis,” “epicondylitis,” “stem cell,” and “cell therapy.” Articles not written in English language were excluded. Results A total number of 379 articles were identified and a critical appraisal of the relevant articles was undertaken, which encompassed human and animal research. The review included articles related to various tissue-derived cells such as tendon progenitors, adipose tissue, synovium, muscle, bone marrow, and skin. The utility of cell therapy in tissue engineering and rotator cuff repair was also assessed. Conclusion With the limitation of the available evidence, the literature suggests that cell therapy is applicable and may be effective for the treatment of tendinopathy. However, further research into the precise biological mechanisms, long-term implications, and cost-effectiveness is needed.
InterLymph hierarchical classification of lymphoid neoplasms for epidemiologic research based on the WHO classification (2008): update and future directions
Authors: Turner Jennifer J. , Morton Lindsay M. , Linet Martha S. , Clarke Christina A. , Kadin Marshall E. , Vajdic Claire M. , Monnereau Alain , Maynadié Marc , Chiu Brian C.-H. , Marcos-Gragera Rafael , Costantini Adele Seniori , Cerhan James R. , Weisenburger Dennis D. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
After publication of the updated World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues in 2008, the Pathology Working Group of the International Lymphoma Epidemiology Consortium (InterLymph) now presents an update of the hierarchical classification of lymphoid neoplasms for epidemiologic research based on the 2001 WHO classification, which we published in 2007. The updated hierarchical classification incorporates all of the major and provisional entities in the 2008 WHO classification, including newly defined entities based on age, site, certain infections, and molecular characteristics, as well as borderline categories, early and “in situ” lesions, disorders with limited capacity for clinical progression, lesions without current International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, 3rd Edition codes, and immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative disorders. WHO subtypes are defined in hierarchical groupings, with newly defined groups for small B-cell lymphomas with plasmacytic differentiation and for primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. We suggest approaches for applying the hierarchical classification in various epidemiologic settings, including strategies for dealing with multiple coexisting lymphoma subtypes in one patient, and cases with incomplete pathologic information. The pathology materials useful for state-of-the-art epidemiology studies are also discussed. We encourage epidemiologists to adopt the updated InterLymph hierarchical classification, which incorporates the most recent WHO entities while demonstrating their relationship to older classifications.
Homologous illegitimate random integration of foreign DNA into the X chromosome of a transgenic mouse line
Authors: Yan Bowen , Li Defa , Gou Kemian 
Published: August 2010

Abstract

Background
It is not clear how foreign DNA molecules insert into the host genome. Recently, we have produced transgenic mice to investigate the role of the fad2 gene in the conversion of oleic acid to linoleic acid. Here we describe an integration mechanism of fad2 transgene by homologous illegitimate random integration.

Results
We confirmed that one fad2 line had a sole integration site on the X chromosome according to the inheritance patterns. Mapping of insertion sequences with thermal asymmetric interlaced and conventional PCR revealed that the foreign DNA was inserted into the XC1 region of the X chromosome by a homologous illegitimate replacement of an entire 45,556-bp endogenous genomic region, including the ovarian granulosa cell tumourigenesis-4 allele. For 5' and 3' junction sequences, there were very short (3-7 bp) common sequences in the AT-rich domains, which may mediate the recognition of the homologous arms between the transgene and the host genome. In addition, analysis of gene transcription indicated that the transgene was expressed in all tested fad2 tissues and that its transcription level in homozygous female tissues was about twice as high as in the heterozygous female (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
Taken together, the results indicated that the foreign fad2 behaved like an X-linked gene and that foreign DNA molecules were inserted into the eukaryotic genome through a homologous illegitimate random integration.
The two α-dox genes of Nicotiana attenuata: overlapping but distinct functions in development and stress responses
Authors: Steppuhn Anke , Gaquerel Emmanuel , Baldwin Ian T 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackgroundPlant fatty acid α-dioxygenases (α-DOX) are oxylipin-forming enzymes induced by biotic and abiotic stresses, which also participate in developmental processes. InNicotiana attenuata, herbivory strongly induces the expression of anα-dox1gene. To determine its role, we silenced its expression usingAgrobacterium-mediated plant transformation with an inverted repeat construct. More than half of the transformed lines showed a severe dwarf growth phenotype that was very similar to the phenotype of tomato plants mutated at a secondα-doxisoform. This led us to identify the correspondingα-dox2gene inN. attenuataand examine the regulation of bothα-doxgenes as well as the consequences of their silencing in plant development and anti-herbivore defense.ResultsThe transformed lines exhibiting a dwarf growth phenotype are co-silenced for bothα-doxgenes resulting in a nearly complete suppression of α-DOX activity, which is associated with increases in ABA, JA and anthocyanin levels, all metabolic signatures of oxidative stress. The other lines, only silenced forα-dox1, developed similarly to wild-type plants, exhibited a 40% reduction of α-DOX activity resulting in a 50% reduction of its main productin planta(2-HOT) and showed no signs of oxidative stress. In contrast toα-dox1, the expression ofα-dox2gene is not induced by wounding or elicitors in the oral secretions ofManduca sexta. Instead,α-dox2is expressed in roots and flowers which lackα-dox1expression, but both genes are equally regulated during leaf maturation. We transiently silencedα-doxgene copies with gene-specific constructs using virus induced gene silencing and determined the consequences for plant development and phytohormone and 2-HOT levels. While individual silencing ofα-dox1orα-dox2had no effects on plant growth, the co-suppression of bothα-doxgenes decreased plant growth. Plants transiently silenced for bothα-doxgenes had increased constitutive levels of JA and ABA but silencingα-dox1alone resulted in lowerM. sexta-induced levels of JA, 2-HOT and ABA.ConclusionsThus, bothα-doxisoforms function in the development ofN. attenuata. In leaf maturation, the twoα-doxgenes have overlapping functions, but onlyα-dox2is involved in root and flower development and onlyα-dox1functions in anti-herbivore defense.
Infection with HIV and HCV enhances the release of fatty acid synthase into circulation: evidence for a novel indicator of viral infection
Authors: Aragonès Gerard , Alonso-Villaverde Carlos , Oliveras-Ferraros Cristina , Beltrán-Debón Raúl , Rull Anna , Rodríguez-Sanabria Fernando , Camps Jordi , Martín Alejandro Vázquez , Menéndez Javier A , Joven Jorge 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackgroundFatty acid synthase (FASN) is an enzyme synthesized by the liver and plays an important role in lipogenesis. The present study aimed to investigate whether serum FASN concentration may provide a direct link between HIV and/or HCV viral infections and lipid metabolic disorders commonly observed in HIV/HCV-infected patients.MethodsWe evaluated serum FASN concentration in 191 consecutive HIV-infected patients in the absence or presence of HCV co-infection. For comparison, 102 uninfected controls were included. Metabolic and inflammatory phenotype was also compared with respect to the presence of HCV co-infection.ResultsSerum FASN concentration was significantly higher in HIV-infected patients than in healthy participants and HCV co-infected patients showed higher levels than those without co-infection. Levels were also affected by treatment regimen, but marginally influenced by virological variables. Insulin concentration was the sole variable among metabolic parameters that demonstrated a significant correlation with serum FASN concentrations. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values correlated significantly with serum FASN concentration and provided the best discrimination with respect to the presence or absence of HCV co-infection. In multivariate analysis, only ALT, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and the presence of antiretroviral treatment regimen significantly contributed to explain serum FASN concentration in HIV/HCV co-infected patients.ConclusionSerum FASN concentration is significantly increased in HIV-infected individuals. The release of FASN into the circulation is further enhanced in patients who are co-infected with HCV. Subsequent studies should explore the usefulness of this indicator to monitor the effect of viral infections on disease progression and survival.
Impact of adjuvant chemotherapy for gliomatosis cerebri
Authors: Kong Doo-Sik , Kim Sung Tae , Lee Jung-Il , Suh Yeon-Lim , Lim Do Hoon , Kim Won Seog , Kwon Ki-Hoon , Park Kwan , Kim Jong Hyun , Nam Do-Hyun 
Published: August 2010

Abstract

Background
Gliomatosis cerebri (GC) is characterized by a diffuse infiltration of tumor cells throughout CNS, however, few details are available about the chemotherapeutic effect on GC. The aim of this study was to investigate its clinical course and to determine the efficacy of chemotherapy for GC.

Methods
Between Jan. 1999 and Dec. 2004, 37 GC patients were diagnosed by biopsy and treated with radiotherapy in a single institution. To determine the efficacy of chemotherapy for GC, we retrospectively reviewed their clinical courses. The study cohort was divided into 2 groups, those with and without receiving post-radiotherapy adjuvant chemotherapy such as temozolomide or nitrosourea-based chemotherapy.

Results
Nineteen patients with adjuvant chemotherapy were assigned to the chemotreatment group and 18 with radiotherapy alone were assigned to the control group. Mean survival for chemotreatment group and control group were 24.2 and 13.1 months, respectively (p = 0.045). Time to progression for these groups were 16.0 and 6.0 months, respectively (p = 0.007). Overall review of the clinical course of patients with GC provided that early appearance of new contrast-enhancing lesions within 6 months from the initial diagnosis and higher histological grade were closely associated with poor survival (p < 0.001 and p = 0.008).

Conclusion
Adjuvant chemotherapy following radiotherapy could prolong the survival in patients with GC. In addition, newly developed contrast-enhanced lesions on the follow-up MR images indicate the progression of GC.