bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do Institutionalized Traditions Matter During Crisis? Employee Downsizing in Korean Manufacturing Organizations
Authors: Alakent Ekin , Lee Seung‐Hyun 
Published: September 2009

abstractThis study examines the downfall of the permanent employment tradition in South Korean manufacturing organizations in the aftermath of the 1997 East Asian economic crisis. We explore whether organizations abandon their traditional institutionalized practices under discontinuous environmental change or despite the change continue these time‐honoured practices. We examine both the organizational factors that inhibit lay‐offs and performance indicators that trigger organizations to re‐evaluate their lifetime employment practices under drastic environmental upheaval. We test our hypotheses on 574 Korean manufacturing organizations and find that under discontinuous change: (1) economic and institutional factors simultaneously apply opposite forces on organizational actions; (2) organizational factors such as poor performance on productivity and export create a need for headcount reductions while factors such as size, domestic ownership, government support, and unionization create social and institutional pressures that inhibit downsizing; and (3) prior experience with downsizing moderates the relationship between institutional factors and further downsizing.
A bibliometric study of scientific literature on obesity research in PubMed (1988–2007)
Authors: Vioque J. , Ramos J. M. , Navarrete‐Muñoz E. M. , García‐de‐la‐Hera M. 
Published: September 2009

SummaryThis article describes a bibliometric review of the publications on obesity research in PubMed over the last 20 years. We used Medline via the PubMed online service of the US National Library of Medicine from 1988 to 2007. The search strategy was: ([obesity] in MesH).A total of 58 325 references were retrieved, 25.5% in 1988–1997, and 74.5% in 1998–2007. The growth in the number of publications showed an exponential increase. The references were published in 3613 different journals, with 20 journals contributing 25% of obesity literature. The two journals contributing most were the International Journal of Obesity (5.1%), Obesity‐Obesity Research (2.9%). North America and Europe were the most productive world areas with 44.1% and 37.9% of the literature, respectively. The US was the predominant country in number of publications, followed by the United Kingdom, Japan and Italy. The ranking of production changed when the number of publications was normalized by population, gross domestic product and obesity prevalence by countries. The great increase of publications on obesity during the period 1988–2007 was particularly evident in the second decade of the period which is concordant with the worldwide obesity epidemic. USA and Europe were leaders in the production of scientific articles on obesity.
A Normative Analysis of Housing‐Related Tax Policy in a General Equilibrium Model of Housing Quality and Prices
Authors: PENG SHIN‐KUN , WANG PING 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWe evaluate an array of housing‐related tax policies in a general equilibrium model with endogenous housing quality and prices. The local government facilitates the provision of local public amenities, financed by an array of housing‐related taxes, including a developer gross revenue tax, a property tax, a land tax, and a development license fee. In a competitive spatial equilibrium, all households optimize and reach the same utility, all monopolistically competitive developers optimize and receive zero profit, and both housing and land markets clear. We examine the effects of various tax policies on housing quality, housing prices, land rent, as well as the population and housing density. By evaluating quantitatively the welfare of the local economy, we establish a globally optimal tax scheme in the housing market: complete elimination of the property tax and imposition of a lower gross revenue tax (possibly fully eliminated) than both development and land taxes.
Regional Income Disparity and the Size of the Public Sector
Authors: GIURANNO MICHELE GIUSEPPE 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis paper explores the impact of income inequality between jurisdictions on government decision making affecting the size of the public sector. We model policy choices as the outcome of regional representatives' negotiations in the legislature. We show that the more unequal interregional income distribution is, the greater the underprovision of public goods. More specifically, greater interregional income disparity leads to a smaller public sector. A wealthier economy as a result may have a relatively smaller government size when income disparity increases.
THE CHRISTOLOGICAL FOCUS OF VLADIMIR SOLOV'EV'S SOPHIOLOGY*
Authors: GALLAHER BRANDON 
Published: September 2009

AbstractVladimir Solov'ev (1853–1900) is one of the major influences on Sergii Bulgakov's “sophiology” and has been praised by both Hans Urs von Balthasar and John Milbank. However, his theology has often been read as a mere “religious philosophy” unduly influenced by Gnosticism and German Idealism. The article argues that Solov'ev's theology is more accurately understood as a unique form of Christology which integrates Gnostic and Idealist thought into Chalcedonian orthodoxy. Solov'ev's most important contribution is a sophiological reading of Christology which attempts to found the created on the uncreated without collapsing one into the other or ontologically juxtaposing them.
THE RETRIEVAL OF DEIFICATION: HOW A ONCE‐DESPISED ARCHAISM BECAME AN ECUMENICAL DESIDERATUM
Authors: GAVRILYUK PAUL L. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAdolf von Harnack and Karl Barth were equally incensed by the detrimental impact that the notion of deification had had on Christian theology. Lately, however, theosis has been discovered in Aquinas, Luther, Calvin, Edwards, the Wesleys, and an impressive number of other western authorities. This essay considers this sensational development and finds that (1) there is little agreement on what is constitutive of deification, making the notion an ecumenist's dream and a philosopher's nightmare; and (2) the agreement between the Greek Fathers and Aquinas, Luther, and Calvin on deification amounts to their endorsement of some form of participatory metaphysics. Calling for greater precision, this essay argues that the Greek patristic doctrine of deification includes synergistic anthropology and sacramental realism that are in tension with the Reformation understandings of participation in God.
Do family mealtime interactions mediate the association between asthma symptoms and separation anxiety?
Authors: Fiese Barbara H. , Winter Marcia A. , Wamboldt Frederick S. , Anbar Ran D. , Wamboldt Marianne Z. 
Published: September 2009

Background:  Respiratory problems have been shown to be associated with the development of panic anxiety. Family members play an essential role for children to emotionally manage their symptoms. This study aimed to examine the relation between severity of respiratory symptoms in children with asthma and separation anxiety. Relying on direct observation of family interactions during a mealtime, a model is tested whereby family interactions mediate the relation between asthma severity and separation anxiety symptoms.Methods:  Sixty‐three children (ages 9–12 years) with persistent asthma were interviewed via the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children IV; family interactions were assessed via direct observation of a mealtime; primary caregivers completed the Childhood Asthma Severity Scale; youth pulmonary function was ascertained with pre‐ and post‐bronchodilator spirometry; adherence to asthma medications was objectively tracked for six weeks.Results:  Poorer pulmonary function and higher functional asthma severity were related to higher numbers of separation anxiety symptoms. Controlling for medication adherence, family interaction patterns mediated the relationship between poorer pulmonary function and child separation anxiety symptoms.Conclusions:  Family mealtime interactions may be a mechanism by which respiratory disorders are associated with separation anxiety symptoms in children, potentially through increasing the child’s capacity to cognitively frame asthma symptoms as less threatening, or through increasing the child’s sense of security within their family relationships.
Chemical interactions in diatoms: role of polyunsaturated aldehydes and precursors
Authors: Leflaive Joséphine , Ten‐Hage Loïc 
Published: September 2009

SummaryChemicals produced by aquatic organisms, and especially micro‐organisms, have received increasing attention in the last decade for their role in shaping interactions and communities. Several cases emphasize the fact that chemical signals or defence may modulate interspecific interactions. Notably, it has been shown that diatoms, unicellular algae and key primary producers in aquatic ecosystems produce a wide range of bioactive metabolites. Among these compounds, polyunsaturated short‐chain aldehydes in vitro strongly impair the reproduction of various potential grazers. In the field, the relationship between aldehyde production and reproductive failure in copepods remains unclear. Recent studies have suggested that these putative defence compounds may also be involved in intercellular communication and in interactions with competitors. Potential effects of the aldehyde precursors on various organisms have also been described. This review presents an overview of various results obtained in the last decade that could help us to understand the role of polyunsaturated aldehydes and their precursors in the ecology of diatoms. It is focused on the dichotomy between freshwater and marine environments. Indeed, most of the results on anti‐proliferative aldehydes concern marine planktonic diatoms, whereas they are also known to be produced by benthic and freshwater species.
Characteristics of different phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome based on the Rotterdam criteria in a large‐scale Chinese population
Authors: Zhang HY , Zhu FF , Xiong J , Shi XB , Fu SX 
Published: September 2009

Objective  To analyse the phenotypic spectrum of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and determine the association between metabolic, hormonal and new ultrasonographic criteria.Design  Clinical cross‐sectional study.Setting  University teaching hospital.Population  A total of 804 Chinese women, among whom 719 cases were diagnosed as PCOS based on the 2003 Rotterdam criteria. Eighty‐five women with regular menstrual cycles and without hyperandrogenism were recruited as controls.Methods  PCOS patients were divided into four subgroups: (i) oligo‐ and/or anovulation (O), hyperandrogenism (H), and polycystic ovary morphology (P); (ii) O + H; (iii) H + P; and (iv) O + P.Main Outcome Measurements  Clinical history, ultrasonographic (ovarian follicle number and volume), hormonal and metabolic parameters.Results  The composition of the two new phenotypes created by the European Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology/The American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ESHRE/ASRM) 2003 was 65.6% (O + P and H + P). BMI and F‐G scores were highest in the O + H + P group and lowest in O + P and controls. Serum testosterone concentrations and insulin resistance were highest in cases with O + H + P and O + H, intermediate in cases with H + P, and lowest in cases with O + P and controls. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the five groups was 28.5% (O + H + P), 25.5% (O + H), 8.3% (H + P), 7.2% (O + P) and 3.5% (controls), respectively.Conclusions  Nonclassic phenotypes for PCOS (O + P, H + P and O + H + P) were more frequent than the classic phenotype (O + H). The nonhyperandrogenic PCOS phenotype (O + P), one of the new phenotypes created by the Rotterdam criteria, may represent a form of PCOS associated with milder metabolic profile compared with the other phenotypes.
The haemodynamic, renal excretory and hormonal changes induced by resting in the left lateral position in normal pregnant women during late gestation
Authors: Almeida FA , Pavan MV , Rodrigues CIS 
Published: September 2009

Objective  To characterise the haemodynamic, renal‐electrolyte and hormonal parameters in normal near‐term pregnancy.Design  Observational prospective case‐series study.Setting and population  Eleven women with normal pregnancies at 35–39 weeks gestation.Methods  Following baseline laboratory assessments and placement of a right‐atrial catheter, serial measurements were obtained for 2 hours in the supine position (SP) followed by a change to the (LLP) and subsequent observations for 2 hours.Main outcome measures  Blood pressure (BP), central venous pressure (CVP), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma aldosterone (ALDO), diuresis, creatinine clearance, sodium and potassium excretion.Results  In the SP, the subjects’ BP remained stable while their CVP decreased. In the LLP, the subjects’ systolic and diastolic BP consistently decreased by about 15 mmHg and their CVP increased within the first 60 minutes. ANP levels doubled in the subjects while they rested in the LLP, whereas the subjects’ PRA and ALDO levels decreased by half compared with when they rested in the SP. In the LLP, the subjects’ creatinine clearance significantly increased by 12% and their sodium excretion and diuresis increased by 38% and 59% respectively.Conclusion  Rest in the LLP induces systemic and intra‐renal haemodynamic and hormonal changes that may play a central physiological role in the renal excretory response to restore excessive sodium/water retention in late pregnancy.
ST depression at caesarean section and the relation to oxytocin dose. A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Jonsson M , Hanson U , Lidell C , Nordén‐Lindeberg S 
Published: September 2009

Objective To investigate whether there is a difference in occurrence of electrocardiogram changes suggestive of myocardial ischaemia between two different doses of oxytocin.Design Double‐blind randomised controlled trialSetting University hospital in Sweden.Population A total of 103 healthy women undergoing elective caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia.Methods The participants were randomised to 5 or 10 units of oxytocin, given as an intravenous bolus. A Holter monitor was used to record electrocardiograms and non invasive blood pressure and heart rate (HR) was monitored. A blood sample was obtained 12‐hour postoperatively.Main outcome measures Depression of the ST segment. Secondary outcomes: symptoms, Troponon I levels, mean arterial pressure (MAP), HR and blood loss.Results There was a significant difference in occurrence of ST depressions associated with oxytocin administration, 4 (7.7%) with 5 and 11 (21.6%) with 10 units,P < 0.05. The absolute risk reduction was 13.9% (95% confidence interval, 0.5–27.3).Decrease of mean MAP from baseline to 2 minutes differed, being 9 mmHg in the 5 unit group and 17 mmHg in the 10 unit group (P < 0.01). The increase in mean HR did not differ. Troponin I levels were increased in four subjects (3.9%). There were no differences in occurrence of symptoms, Troponin I levels, or estimated blood loss.Conclusion ST depressions were associated with oxytocin administration significantly more often in subjects receiving 10 units compared with 5 units. Interventions to prevent hypotension during caesarean section may reduce the occurrence of ST depressions on electrocardiograms.
Deletion of the inducible nitric oxide synthase gene reduces peripheral morphine tolerance in a mouse model of chronic inflammation
Authors: Romero Asunción , Hernández Laura , García‐Nogales Paula , Puig Margarita M. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe implication of inducible nitric‐oxide synthase (iNOS) on peripheral tolerance to morphine was evaluated in wild‐type (WT) and iNOS knockout mice. Chronic inflammation was induced by subplantar (s.p.) injection of Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA), and morphine tolerance by subcutaneous implantation of a 75 mg morphine‐pellet. Withdrawal was assessed after the intraperitoneal injection of 2 mg/kg naloxone. Antinociception was assessed (Randall‐Selitto test) 5 min after a fixed dose of s.p. morphine (16 μg). In the absence of inflammation, s.p. morphine did not induce antinociception, while during CFA‐inflammation produced 47.4 ± 0.8 and 38.8 ± 2.7% inhibitions respectively, in each genotype (P < 0.05). In morphine‐tolerant mice with CFA‐inflammation, no antinociception could be elicited in WT mice (2.4 ± 0.3% inhibition); however, iNOS knockout mice showed significant antinociception (33.1 ± 0.9%) (P < 0.001). Thus, iNOS gene deletion partially prevented tolerance to the peripheral effects of morphine, and significantly attenuated withdrawal‐induced hyperactivity.
Reduced Adverse Event Profile of Orally Inhaled DHE (MAP0004) vs IV DHE: Potential Mechanism
Authors: Cook Robert O. , Shrewsbury Stephen B. , Ramadan Nabih M. 
Published: September 2009

Background.— MAP0004 is a novel orally inhaled formulation of dihydroergotamine mesylate (DHE) currently in development that has been clinically observed to provide rapid (∼10 minutes) therapeutic levels of DHE but with lower rates of adverse effects (dizziness, nausea, and paresthesia) compared with intravenous (IV) dosing. Receptor‐based mechanistic studies were conducted to determine if differences between IV DHE and inhaled DHE (MAP0004) binding and functional activity were responsible for the improved adverse event profile.Methods.— Radioligand competitive binding assays were performed at adrenergic (α1 [non‐specific], α2A, α2B, α2C, β), dopaminergic (D; D1, D2, D3), and at serotonergic (5‐HT; 5‐HT1A, 5‐HT1B, 5‐HT1D, 5‐HT2A, 5‐HT2C, 5‐HT3, 5‐HT4, 5‐HT5A, 5‐HT6, 5‐HT7) receptors. Binding assays were also conducted for the major metabolite of DHE, 8’‐hydroxy‐DHE (8’‐OH‐DHE). Subsequent functional receptor assays were also performed at 5‐HT1B, 5‐HT1D, 5‐HT2A, 5‐HT2C, 5‐HT3, D2, α1A, α2A, α2B, β1, and β2 and muscarinic receptors to ensure that observed receptor binding translated into potential functional response.Results.— For competitive binding studies, DHE demonstrated extensive activity at IV Cmax for all 5‐HT receptors tested, except 5‐HT3 and 5‐HT4, and α1, α2A, α2B, α2C, and D3 receptors. DHE concentrations used in the studies were equal to the peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) observed in human subjects following IV DHE 1.0 mg (the standard approved dose), and 2 and 4 inhalations MAP0004 which, respectively, produced systemic circulation levels of DHE equivalent to 0.44 mg and 0.88 mg administered IV. MAP0004 binding activity at the Cmax concentrations was lower than IV DHE and no binding was observed for the 8’‐OH‐DHE metabolite. However, MAP0004 preserved potent agonist action at key anti‐migraine 5‐HT1B and 5‐HT1D receptors, even at the lower Cmax concentrations. Functional binding studies displayed similar results whereby IV DHE Cmax concentrations invoked strong agonist/antagonist responses, for instance at adrenergic and 5‐HT2C receptors, which could have been responsible for dizziness. Conversely, at Cmax concentrations of MAP0004, inhaled DHE achieved a significantly lower response or no response at the adrenergic and 5‐HT2C receptors.Conclusions.— The mechanism by which nausea was experienced with IV DHE – yet not with MAP0004 – was not associated with classic nausea pathways/targets (dopamine, 5‐HT3, or muscarinic receptors) or with peripheral action in the intestine via enterochromaffin cells. Importantly, the maximum DHE concentrations following MAP0004 administration were insufficient to interact with receptors implicated in cardiovascular (5‐HT2B and β1) and pulmonary effects (β2, adenosine, muscarinic, and leukotriene).
Clinical Success of Zirconia in Dental Applications
Authors: Özkurt Zeynep , Kazazoğlu Ender 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe application of ceramic materials for the fabrication of dental restorations is a focus of interest in esthetic dentistry. The ceramic materials of choice are glass ceramics, spinel, alumina, and zirconia. Zirconia was introduced into dentistry in the 1990s because of its good mechanical and chemical properties and is currently being used as a material for frameworks, dowels, implants, abutments, and orthodontic brackets. Many in vitro studies about zirconia use have been published, but clinical long‐term studies are very important. This article presents data regarding the incidence of clinical success and complications of zirconia in these dental applications. Clinical studies published to date seem to indicate that zirconia is well tolerated and sufficiently resistant.
Chemical and molecular mechanisms of antioxidants: experimental approaches and model systems
Authors: Lü Jian‐Ming , Lin Peter H. , Yao Qizhi , Chen Changyi 
Published: September 2009

Abstract

Introduction
Free radical scavenging
Metal ion (Fe2+, Fe3+, Cu2+ and Cu+) chelating
Inhibition of free radical generating enzymes
Activation of internal antioxidant enzymes
Prevention of lipid peroxidation
Prevention of DNA damage
Prevention of protein modification
Conclusions

Free radicals derived from oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur molecules in the biological system are highly active to react with other molecules due to their unpaired electrons. These radicals are important part of groups of molecules called reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), which are produced during cellular metabolism and functional activities and have important roles in cell signalling, apoptosis, gene expression and ion transportation. However, excessive ROS attack bases in nucleic acids, amino acid side chains in proteins and double bonds in unsaturated fatty acids, and cause oxidative stress, which can damage DNA, RNA, proteins and lipids resulting in an increased risk for cardiovascular disease, cancer, autism and other diseases. Intracellular antioxidant enzymes and intake of dietary antioxidants may help to maintain an adequate antioxidant status in the body. In the past decades, new molecular techniques, cell cultures and animal models have been established to study the effects and mechanisms of antioxidants on ROS. The chemical and molecular approaches have been used to study the mechanism and kinetics of antioxidants and to identify new potent antioxidants. Antioxidants can decrease the oxidative damage directly via reacting with free radicals or indirectly by inhibiting the activity or expression of free radical generating enzymes or enhancing the activity or expression of intracellular antioxidant enzymes. The new chemical and cell‐free biological system has been applied in dissecting the molecular action of antioxidants. This review focuses on the research approaches that have been used to study oxidative stress and antioxidants in lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, protein modification as well as enzyme activity, with emphasis on the chemical and cell‐free biological system.