bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toxicity report of a phase 1/2 dose‐escalation study in patients with inoperable, locally advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer with helical tomotherapy and concurrent chemotherapy
Authors: Bral Samuel , Duchateau Michaël , Versmessen Harijati , Verdries Douwe , Engels Benedikt , Ridder Mark De , Tournel Koen , Collen Christine , Everaert Hendrik , Schallier Denis , De Greve Jacques , Storme Guy 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:The objective of the current study was to evaluate the feasibility and toxicity of radiation dose escalation with concurrent chemotherapy using helical tomotherapy (HT) in patients with inoperable, locally advanced, stage III nonsmall cell lung cancer (LANSCLC) (grading determined according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer 6th edition grading system).METHODS:This phase 1/2 study was designed to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of radiotherapy in patients with LANSCLC administered concurrently with docetaxel and cisplatin. Radiotherapy was delivered using HT. A dose per fraction escalation was applied starting at 2 grays (Gy), with an increase of 6% per dose cohort (DC). The Radiation Therapy Oncology Group acute radiation morbidity score was used to monitor pulmonary, esophageal, and cardiac toxicity.RESULTS:Dose escalation was performed in 34 patients over 5 DCs to a dose per fraction of 2.48 Gy. No differences were observed in acute toxicity between the different DCs. However, a significant increase in late lung toxicity in DC IV, which received a fraction size of 2.36 Gy, necessitated a halt in further dose escalation with the MTD defined as 2.24 Gy per fraction. The overall incidence of acute grade ≥3 esophageal and pulmonary toxicity was 24% and 3%, respectively (grading determined according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group‐European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer toxicity scoring system). The overall incidence of late lung toxicity was 21%, but the incidence was an acceptable 13% in DCs I, II, and III. The local response rate was 61% on computed tomography images.CONCLUSIONS:The use of HT to 67.2 Gy with concurrent cisplatin/docetaxel was feasible and resulted in acceptable toxicity. A full phase 2 study has been initiated to establish the true local response rate at the MTD of 2.24 Gy per fraction. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Antimullerian hormone and inhibin B are hormone measures of ovarian function in late reproductive‐aged breast cancer survivors
Authors: Su H. Irene , Sammel Mary D. , Green Jamie , Velders Luke , Stankiewicz Corrie , Matro Jennifer , Freeman Ellen W. , Gracia Clarisa R. , DeMichele Angela 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:In late reproductive‐aged breast cancer survivors, there is a need for real‐time biomarkers of postchemotherapy ovarian function. The objective was to determine whether antimullerian hormone (AMH) and inhibin B are such biomarkers. The authors tested whether AMH and inhibin B were impacted by breast cancer treatment by comparing cancer survivors to age‐matched control women and determined the association between these hormones and postchemotherapy menstrual pattern.METHODS:Breast cancer patients (n = 127) with American Joint Committee on Cancer stage I to III disease who were premenopausal at diagnosis were enrolled postchemotherapy and observed. The primary endpoint was chemotherapy‐related amenorrhea (CRA) (≥12 months of amenorrhea after chemotherapy). Matched pair analyses compared AMH, inhibin B, and follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) levels between cancer and age‐matched control subjects. Associations between hormones, CRA status, and change in CRA status over time were assessed.RESULTS:The median age of the patients at chemotherapy was 43.2 years (range, 26.7‐57.8 years). At enrollment, median follow‐up since chemotherapy was 2.1 years, and 55% of subjects had CRA. Compared with age‐matched controls, cancer subjects had significantly lower AMH (P = .004) and inhibin B (P < .001) and higher FSH (P < .001). AMH (P = .002) and inhibin B (P = .001) were found to be significantly associated with risk of CRA, even after controlling for FSH. AMH was significantly lower (P = .03) and FSH was significantly higher (P = .04) in menstruating subjects who developed subsequent CRA.CONCLUSIONS:AMH and inhibin B are 2 additional measures of postchemotherapy ovarian function in late reproductive‐aged breast cancer survivors. With further research and validation, these hormones may supplement limited current tools for assessing and predicting postchemotherapy ovarian function. Cancer 2010. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
A phase 2 trial exploring the effects of high‐dose (10,000 IU/day) vitamin D3 in breast cancer patients with bone metastases
Authors: Amir Eitan , Simmons Christine E. , Freedman Orit C. , Dranitsaris George , Cole David E. C. , Vieth Reinhold , Ooi Wei S. , Clemons Mark 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Vitamin D deficiency has potential roles in breast cancer etiology and progression. Vitamin D deficiency has also been associated with increased toxicity from bisphosphonate therapy. The optimal dose of vitamin D supplementation is unknown, but daily sunlight exposure can generate the equivalent of a 10,000‐IU oral dose of vitamin D3. This study therefore aimed to assess the effect of this dose of vitamin D3 in patients with bone metastases from breast cancer.METHODS:Patients with bone metastases treated with bisphosphonates were enrolled into this single‐arm phase 2 study. Patients received 10,000 IU of vitamin D3 and 1000 mg of calcium supplementation each day for 4 months. The effect of this treatment on palliation, bone resorption markers, calcium metabolism, and toxicity were evaluated at baseline and monthly thereafter.RESULTS:Forty patients were enrolled. No significant changes in bone resorption markers were seen. Despite no change in global pain scales, there was a significant reduction in the number of sites of pain. A small but statistically significant increase in serum calcium was seen, as was a significant decrease in serum parathyroid hormone. Treatment unmasked 2 cases of primary hyperparathyroidism, but was not associated with direct toxicity.CONCLUSIONS:Daily doses of 10,000 IU vitamin D3 for 4 months appear safe in patients without comorbid conditions causing hypersensitivity to vitamin D. Treatment reduced inappropriately elevated parathyroid hormone levels, presumably caused by long‐term bisphosphonate use. There did not appear to be a significant palliative benefit nor any significant change in bone resorption. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Do we know when our clients get worse? an investigation of therapists' ability to detect negative client change
Authors: Hatfield Derek , McCullough Lynn , Frantz Shelby H. B. , Krieger Kenin 
Published: November 2009

AbstractRoutine clinical judgment is often relied upon to detect client deterioration. How reliable are therapists' judgments of deterioration? Two related studies were conducted to investigate therapist detection of client deterioration and therapist treatment decisions in situations of deterioration. The first study examined therapists' ability to detect client deterioration through the review of therapy progress notes. Therapist treatment decisions in cases of client deterioration were also explored. Therapists had considerable difficulty recognizing client deterioration, challenging the assumption that routine clinical judgment is sufficient when attempting to detect client deterioration. A second study was a survey of therapists asking how they detect client deterioration and what treatment decisions they make in response. Symptom worsening was the most commonly stated cue of deterioration. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message:• Clinicians may have a difficult time detecting when their client's symptoms are worsening.• Outcome assessment strategies do exist to help clinicians detect client deterioration.
Can we enhance the training of clinical supervisors? A national pilot study of an evidence‐based approach
Authors: Milne Derek 
Published: November 2009

AbstractClinical supervision plays an essential part in maintaining professional standards and in achieving the National Health Service's objective of a modern workforce. Paradoxically, little is known about how supervisors themselves acquire competence, leading to lament that ‘something does not compute’. To contribute to a solution, a supervisor training manual that guided trainers in delivering continuing professional development to supervisors in an evidence‐based approach to clinical supervision was piloted nationally, in terms of the reactions of trainers (N = 25 tutors from clinical psychology courses) and their workshop delegates (N = 256 clinical psychology supervisors). Trainers were allocated randomly to either manual‐alone or to a manual‐plus consultancy group. The trainers all rated the manual favourably (mean rating of 78%), but there was no significant difference between the two groups. However, the supervisors within the consultancy group rated the sessions significantly more highly than their counterparts. It is concluded that brief training in an evidence‐based approach appears feasible and acceptable, making more rigorous evaluations appropriate. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message:

Clinical supervision is now recognised as essential, yet supervisors tend to receive little or no training, which tends not to be evidence based.
A training guide in evidence‐based clinical supervision has been disseminated and evaluated, in terms of the acceptability of the approach taken to supervision.
The reactions of trainers and supervisors (all associated with clinical psychology training programmes) to this guide were positive, indicating that it merits further development and more rigorous evaluation.
Environmental disclosures of palm oil plantation companies in Malaysia: a tool for stakeholder engagement
Authors: Othman Radiah , Ameer Rashid 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis paper examines annual environmental protection disclosures of palm oil companies in Malaysia that have significant implications for the preservation of earth, water and air quality. We found that the location of the environmental disclosures vary among the sample companies. We found that the extent of the disclosures on four key items – environmental policy, measurement systems, targets for improvements and impact on biodiversity – has been very low among the sample companies. The paper concludes that unless the gaps in the knowledge of both palm‐oil‐producing companies and stakeholders regarding environmental protection are addressed, environmental degradation is likely to continue and the corporate ‘tick‐boxing’ trickery would carry on concealing the real picture from stakeholders. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Visualization of myelination in GFP‐transgenic zebrafish
Authors: Jung Seung‐Hyun , Kim Suhyun , Chung Ah‐Young , Kim Hyun‐Taek , So Ju‐Hoon , Ryu Jaeho , Park Hae‐Chul , Kim Cheol‐Hee 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe insulation of axons in the vertebrate nervous system by myelin is essential for efficient axonal conduction. Myelination disruption and remyelination failure can cause human diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and hereditary myelin diseases. However, despite progress in understanding myelination regulation, many important questions remain unanswered. To investigate the mechanisms underlying myelination in vivo, we generated transgenic zebrafish expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under the control of the mbp promoter. This transgenic fish displayed faithful EGFP expression in oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells in embryonic and adult zebrafish. Interestingly, although myelination progressed continuously in the postembryonic central nervous system, some of the spinal cord regions were filled with unmyelinated axons even in the adult spinal cord, suggesting functional differences between myelinated and unmyelinated axons. Our results suggest that this transgenic zebrafish could be a valuable animal model to study oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination in vivo. Developmental Dynamics 239:592–597, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nickelacyclic Carboxylates with Pyridine‐Based Ligand Sets – From Mononuclear Complexes to Supramolecular Architectures by Hydrogen Bonding
Authors: Langer Jens , Walther Dirk , Malassa Astrid , Westerhausen Matthias , Görls Helmar 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA series of nickelacyclic carboxylates of the general formula [Ni(CH2CH2COO)(L2)] with p‐substituted pyridine ligands (2: L = 4‐picoline; 3: L = 4‐MeO2C‐C4H4N; 4: 4‐Me2N‐C4H4N) was synthesized and characterized by NMR spectroscopy. A correlation between the shift of the CH2 groups of the nickelacycle in the 1H NMR spectra and basicity of the used pyridine ligand was observed. Furthermore, amino‐substituted pyridine derivatives were used in ligand‐exchange reactions leading to supramolecular assemblies via H‐bond formation between the amino function and the carboxylate group. Depending on the ligand used, discrete dimers [5: L2 = (tBu)(Me)2Si‐aminomethylpyridine], chains [6: L2 = 2‐(aminomethyl)pyridine] or layers (7: L = 4‐H2N‐C4H4N) were observed. The molecular structures of all new compounds 2–7 were determined by X‐ray measurement.
Embodied cognition: The interplay between automatic resonance and selection‐for‐action mechanisms
Authors: Rueschemeyer Shirley‐Ann , Lindemann Oliver , van Elk Michiel , Bekkering Harold 
Published: November 2009

AbstractEmbodied cognition, or the notion that cognitive processes develop from goal‐directed interactions between organisms and their environment has stressed the automaticity of perceptual and motor resonance mechanisms in other cognitive domains like language. The present paper starts with reviewing abundant empirical evidence for automatic resonance mechanisms between action and language and examples of other cognitive domains such as number processing. Special attention is given here to social implications of embodied cognition. Then some more recent evidence indicating the importance of the action context on the interaction between action and language is reviewed. Finally, a theoretical notion about how automatic and selective mechanisms can be incorporated in an embodied cognitive perspective is provided. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Embodiment, evolution, and social cognition: An integrative framework
Authors: Kaschak Michael P. , Maner Jon K. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis paper integrates concepts from evolutionary and embodied approaches to psychology to generate a theoretical framework for understanding social cognition. We begin with the claim that cognition evolved to facilitate the ability to plan and execute action in the world. This evolution was shaped by the adaptive challenges faced by humans throughout their evolutionary history (e.g., self protection, mate selection, navigating status hierarchies, building social coalitions). We discuss how several elements of the embodied cognitive system (perception–action links, the perception of projectable and non‐projectable properties of the environment, and the ability to generate mental simulations) have been shaped by evolution, and how these elements of the cognitive system ground our understanding of social cognition. We also point to areas where our framework can lead to novel directions for research. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toward a radically embodied, embedded social psychology
Authors: Marsh Kerry L. , Johnston Lucy , Richardson Michael J. , Schmidt R. C. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA roadmap toward a more radically embodied social psychology is offered. The perspective embeds embodied minds in a niche: A physical and social environment with action possibilities (“affordances”) that humans are equipped to utilize. At the heart of this embedded perspective is the suggestion that the methods and conceptualizations of integrating the body into social psychology must be inherently more relational, approaching meaning as emerging from the relation of the individual to its environment, as instantiated in the affordance construct (Gibson, 1977, 1979). Moreover, a more radical embodiment also demands that scientists reexamine the environment, in a way that goes beyond the truism that the environment influences the individual, to understand how meaning's emergence from individual‐environment interactions obeys universal dynamical principles. In addition, the perspective illustrates that embedding an individual within an emergent social unit of action, a dyadic relationship or a group, provides new possibilities for perceiving and acting that both constrain and extend an individual's way of interacting with the environment. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Embodiment as a unifying perspective for psychology
Authors: Schubert Thomas W. , Semin Gün R. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAdaptive action is the function of cognition. It is constrained by the properties of evolved brains and bodies. An embodied perspective on social psychology examines how biological constrains give expression to human function in socially situated contexts. Key contributions in social psychology have highlighted the interface between the body and cognition, but theoretical development in social psychology and embodiment research remain largely disconnected. The current special issue reflects on recent developments in embodiment research. Commentaries from complementary perspectives connect them to social psychological theorizing. The contributions focus on the situatedness of social cognition in concrete interactions, and the implementation of cognitive processes in modal instead of amodal representations. The proposed perspectives are highly compatible, suggesting that embodiment can serve as a unifying perspective for psychology. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Independent component regression for predicting the responses of biaxial base‐isolated buildings
Authors: Shirali Sina , Hazra Budhaditya , Narasimhan Sriram , Pandey Mahesh D. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis paper presents a regression model to predict the base displacement responses of biaxial base‐isolated buildings using independent component analysis. The model proposed utilizes multiple ground motion intensity measures from North American and Japanese earthquakes as inputs, and transforms them into an independent component space using independent component regression (ICR). Unlike other latent variable methods, such as principal component regression, ICR does not readily allow for dimensionality reduction of the components that do not contribute significantly to the explained variance of the original data set. Hence, a whitening‐step to transform the correlated variables into uncorrelated ones is introduced prior to performing ICR. Prediction results are presented and compared with the simulation results for two building models with increasing degree of complexity. The results show that the model based on ICR results in good estimates for the base displacement responses, and the standard errors remain relatively small and constant across a range of isolation periods. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flow fields in tightly curving meander bends of low width‐depth ratio
Authors: Nanson Rachel A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractUpland swamp channels with low width/depth ratios (w/d), armoured beds, minimal sediment loads, tightly curving bends and an absence of point bars provide a striking contrast to the flow characteristics of larger channels with higher w/d ratios. Two subsets of these bends were examined in relation to their patterns of cross‐stream flow relative to the channel boundary. The first, with mean w/d = 2·0 and gentle barforms, exhibited even velocity distributions at bend entrances but developed vertically stacked pairs of maximum velocity filaments (MVFs). Cross‐stream circulation increased with decreasing curvature before essentially ceasing in the tightest bend due to the conservation of angular momentum and reduced vertical velocity differentials; bed friction has more limited influence in narrow deep channels relative to bank friction. In the second subset of bends, with larger w/d (mean 4·8) and much steeper barforms, the MVFs were laterally paired and strongly helical flow was partly driven by the vertical confinement of flow due to large, stable barforms at the bend entrances. In one bend, the velocity profile became inverted immediately past the apex and caused helical flow to abruptly reverse. Point bars in relatively wide bedload channels appear to greatly distort secondary flow patterns. In narrow, deep, sediment‐starved channels, separation zones against the convex and/or the concave bank deliver the flow confinement that would otherwise be provided by point bars or concave‐bank benches. In these channels, separation zones are important for protecting both the channel bed and banks from scour. Three‐dimensional near bankfull flow fields are presented for one bend with a meander pool; inward shifting of the MVF and limited sediment supply are proposed as mechanisms for the development and maintenance of these features. These flow data in narrow and deep peatland channels demonstrate very different flow patterns and morphological characteristics relative to the more commonly studied wide, shallow channels with more abundant sediment. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantifying periglacial erosion: insights on a glacial sediment budget, Matanuska Glacier, Alaska
Authors: O'Farrell Colin R. , Heimsath Arjun M. , Lawson Daniel E. , Jorgensen Laura M. , Evenson Edward B. , Larson Grahame , Denner Jon 
Published: November 2009

AbstractGlacial erosion rates are estimated to be among the highest in the world. Few studies have attempted, however, to quantify the flux of sediment from the periglacial landscape to a glacier. Here, erosion rates from the nonglacial landscape above the Matanuska Glacier, Alaska are presented and compare with an 8‐yr record of proglacial suspended sediment yield. Non‐glacial lowering rates range from 1·8 ± 0·5 mm yr−1 to 8·5 ± 3·4 mm yr−1 from estimates of rock fall and debris‐flow fan volumes. An average erosion rate of 0·08 ± 0·04 mm yr−1 from eight convex‐up ridge crests was determined using in situ produced cosmogenic 10Be. Extrapolating these rates, based on landscape morphometry, to the Matanuska basin (58% ice‐cover), it was found that nonglacial processes account for an annual sediment flux of 2·3 ± 1·0 × 106 t. Suspended sediment data for 8 years and an assumed bedload to estimate the annual sediment yield at the Matanuska terminus to be 2·9 ± 1·0 × 106 t, corresponding to an erosion rate of 1·8 ± 0·6 mm yr−1: nonglacial sources therefore account for 80 ± 45% of the proglacial yield. A similar set of analyses were used for a small tributary sub‐basin (32% ice‐cover) to determine an erosion rate of 12·1 ± 6·9 mm yr−1, based on proglacial sediment yield, with the nonglacial sediment flux equal to 10 ± 7% of the proglacial yield. It is suggested that erosion rates by nonglacial processes are similar to inferred subglacial rates, such that the ice‐free regions of a glaciated landscape contribute significantly to the glacial sediment budget. The similar magnitude of nonglacial and glacial rates implies that partially glaciated landscapes will respond rapidly to changes in climate and base level through a rapid nonglacial response to glacially driven incision. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.