bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association between serum adhesion molecules and outcome in acute spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Wang Hung-Chen , Lin Wei-Che , Lin Yu-Jun , Rau Cheng-Shyuan , Lee Tsung-Han , Chang Wen-Neng , Tsai Nai-Wen , Cheng Ben-Chung , Kung Chia-Te , Lu Cheng-Hsien 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Introduction
Serum concentrations of adhesion molecules may be connected to the pathogenesis of secondary brain injury after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). This study posits the hypothesis that levels of adhesion molecules substantially increase after ICH and are decreased thereafter, and that they can predict treatment outcomes.

Methods
Two hundred and thirty-nine blood samples were collected from 60 consecutive patients admitted within 24 hours after onset of spontaneous ICH and 60 blood samples were collected from 60 volunteers. Additional samples were obtained on Days 4, 7, 10, and 14 after onset of ICH regardless of clinical deterioration.

Results
Upon discharge, the therapeutic outcomes of the 60 spontaneous ICH cases based on the modified Rankin Disability Scale (mMRS) showed that 17 had no disability while 8.3% developed delayed cerebral infarction (DCI). Statistical analysis of adhesion molecules between patient groups with good outcome (mMRS = 0 or 1) and poor outcome (mMRS ≥2) revealed significant differences in diabetes mellitus (P=0.049), hyperlipidemia (P=0.012), mentality change (P=0.043), ICH volume and intraventricular hemorrhage on admission (P=0.036 and 0.006, respectively), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) on admission (P≤0.001), neuro-surgical intervention (P=0.003), and sE-selectin and soluble intercellular cell adhesion-molecule-1 (sICAM-1) levels on admission (P=0.036 and 0.019, respectively). Multiple logistic regression analysis of these significant variables showed that GCS on admission, hyperlipidemia, and sICAM-1 (P=0.039, 0.042, and 0.022, respectively) were independently associated with outcome of acute spontaneous ICH.

Conclusion
Increased sICAM-1 and sE-selectin levels may imply poor therapeutic outcomes for the treatment of spontaneous ICH during hospitalization. These early inflammatory responses may cause whole-brain injury immediately after spontaneous ICH and offer a potential therapeutic target for such patients. The importance of these findings is that they offer a potential therapeutic target for patients with spontaneous ICH.
Terrestrial feeding in aquatic turtles: environment-dependent feeding behavior modulation and the evolution of terrestrial feeding in Emydidae
Authors: Stayton Charles Tristan 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYEvolutionary transitions between aquatic and terrestrial environments are common in vertebrate evolution. These transitions require major changes in most physiological functions, including feeding. Emydid turtles are ancestrally aquatic, with most species naturally feeding only in water, but some terrestrial species can modulate their feeding behavior appropriately for both media. In addition, many aquatic species can be induced to feed terrestrially. A comparison of feeding in both aquatic and terrestrial environments presents an excellent opportunity to investigate the evolution of terrestrial feeding from aquatic feeding, as well as a system within which to develop methods for studying major evolutionary transitions between environments. Individuals from eight species of emydid turtles (six aquatic, two terrestrial) were filmed while feeding underwater and on land. Bite kinematics were analyzed to determine whether aquatic turtles modulated their feeding behavior in a consistent and appropriate manner between environments. Aquatic turtles showed consistent changes between environments, taking longer bites and using more extensive motions of the jaw and hyoid when feeding on land. However, these motions differ from those shown by species that naturally feed in both environments and mostly do not seem to be appropriate for terrestrial feeding. For example, more extensive motions of the hyoid are only effective during underwater suction feeding. Emydids evolving to feed on land probably would have needed to evolve or learn to overcome many, but not all, aspects of the intrinsic emydid response to terrestrial feeding. Studies that investigate major evolutionary transitions must determine what responses to the new environment are shown by naïve individuals in order to fully understand the evolutionary patterns and processes associated with these transitions.
Habituation under natural conditions: model predators are distinguished by approach direction
Authors: Raderschall Chloé A. , Magrath Robert D. , Hemmi Jan M. 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARY
Habituation is an active process that allows animals to learn to identify repeated, harmless events, and so could help individuals deal with the trade-off between reducing the risk of predation and minimizing escape costs. Safe habituation requires an accurate distinction between dangerous and harmless events, but in natural environments such an assessment is challenging because sensory information is often noisy and limited. What, then, comprises the information animals use to recognize objects that they have previously learned to be harmless? We tested whether the fiddler crab Uca vomeris distinguishes objects purely by their sensory signature or whether identification also involves more complex attributes such as the direction from which an object approaches. We found that crabs habituated their escape responses after repeated presentations of a dummy predator consistently approaching from the same compass direction. Females habituated both movement towards the burrow and descent into the burrow, whereas males only habituated descent into the burrow. The crabs were more likely to respond again when a physically identical dummy approached them from a new compass direction. The crabs distinguished between the two dummies even though both dummies were visible for the entire duration of the experiment and there was no difference in the timing of the dummies' movements. Thus, the position or approach direction of a dummy encodes important information that allows animals to identify an event and habituate to it. These results argue against the traditional notion that habituation is a simple, non-associative learning process, and instead suggest that habituation is very selective and uses information to distinguish between objects that is not available from the sensory signature of the object itself.
Greece: A Portrait in Seeds
Authors: Cohen Shayna 
Published: November 2011

Scientists and governments worldwide have, for decades, made mammoth efforts to “bank” agricultural biodiversity as an insurance policy against natural and manmade threats to the global food supply. Meanwhile, in recent years a perfect storm has been brewing: small-scale and midscale farmers are hungry for new market opportunities; consumers in more developed countries crave foods that come with a history and from a known place; and the concepts of biodiversity and terroir as applied to food are creeping into mainstream consciousness.
Using Greece as a lens for examining these issues and using seeds as a lens for understanding Greece, this article explores the country's myriad food-plant variety preservation initiatives, from community seed saving to government gene banking, and it asks: Could banked seeds be distributed to farmers who could cultivate them, regenerating the seed collections themselves, reintroducing consumers to old varieties and creating new market opportunities for struggling small and midsize farmers? Could seed bankers, plant breeders, consumers, seed-saving farmers, and innovative food businesses collaborate in a mutually beneficial way to preserve and promote heirloom seed varieties? What would it take to bring more heirloom seeds from the freezer to the field?
Molecular dynamics of (Z)-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-3-nitrophenyl)ethanone oxime and (E)-2-hydroxy-5-methylacetophenone thiosemicarbazone in solution studied by NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Mamedov Ibrahim , Eichhoff Uwe , Maharramov Abel , Bayramov Musa , Mamedova Yegana 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The formation of hydrogen bonds and the molecular dynamics for molecules (Z)-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-3-nitrophenyl)ethanone oxime and (E)-2-hydroxy-5-methylacetophenone thiosemicarbazone, (E)-4-bromoacetophenone thiosemicarbazone have been investigated in solution using NMR. The results confirm the formation of different O-H…O type intramolecular hydrogen bonds in the oxime molecule. The rotational barrier energy and energy of intramolecular hydrogen bonds have been determined.
Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetes with Iron Deficiency in Asian Indians
Authors: Ganesh Swaminathan , Dharmalingam Mala , Marcus Sara 
Published: November 2011

Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetes with Iron Deficiency in Asian IndiansA close relationship exists between iron metabolism, diabetes and oxidative stress. Both diabetes and redox active iron are individually known to enhance oxidative stress. However, the role of iron deficiency and oxidative stress in diabetes is not clear; hence, the levels of oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes with and without iron deficiency have been compared. Two groups of 30 patients each with diabetes were selected (one group with iron deficiency and the other group with normal iron levels) and compared with 30 normal healthy controls. The anthropometric parameters, fasting blood sugar, iron profile and oxidative stress parameters (malondialdehyde levels (index of lipid peroxidation) and serum uric acid levels (antioxidant)) were measured. While the diabetes group had significantly increased serum levels of ferritin (an acute phase reactant and antioxidant) in comparison with normal controls (P=0.040), the diabetic group with iron deficiency had decreased serum levels of iron (P =0.000), ferritin (P = 0.000) and uric acid (P = 0.006) and increased levels of malondialdehyde (P = 0.000) in comparison with diabetics without iron deficiency. This study shows an increase in oxidative stress in the diabetic group with iron deficiency together with reduction in antioxidant levels could further promote prooxidant levels and inflammation and in turn result in the development of complications in this high-risk Asian Indian population.
Book reviews
Authors: Rączkiewicz Małgorzata , Pierzgalski Michał 
Published: November 2011

Z. Brzezinski, B. Scowcroft, America and the World: Conversations on the Future of American Foreign Policy, Basic Books, New York 2008
Jeff Gill, Essential Mathematics for Political and Social Research, Cambridge University Press, New York 2006, pp. 448.
The value of intraoperative motor evoked potential monitoring during surgical intervention for thoracic idiopathic spinal cord herniation
Authors: Novak Klaus , Widhalm Georg , de Camargo Adauri Bueno , Perin Noel , Jallo George , Knosp Engelbert , Deletis Vedran 
Published: November 2011

Object
Thoracic idiopathic spinal cord herniation (TISCH) is a rare neurological disorder characterized by an incarceration of the spinal cord at the site of a ventral dural defect. The disorder is associated with clinical signs of progressive thoracic myelopathy. Surgery can withhold the natural clinical course, but surgical repair of the dural defect bears a significant risk of additional postoperative motor deficits, including permanent paraplegia. Intraoperative online information about the functional integrity of the spinal cord and warning signs about acute functional impairment of motor pathways could contribute to a lower risk of permanent postoperative motor deficit. Motor evoked potential (MEP) monitoring can instantly and reliably detect dysfunction of motor pathways in the spinal cord. The authors have applied MEPs during intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IOM) for surgical repair of TISCH and have correlated the results of IOM with its influence on the surgical procedure and with the functional postoperative outcome.

Methods
The authors retrospectively reviewed the intraoperative neurophysiological data and clinical records of 4 patients who underwent surgical treatment for TISCH in 3 institutions where IOM, including somatosensory evoked potentials and MEPs, is routinely used for spinal cord surgery. In all 4 patients the spinal cord was reduced from a posterior approach and the dural defect was repaired using a dural graft.

Results
Motor evoked potential monitoring was feasible in all patients. Significant intraoperative changes of MEPs were observed in 2 patients. The changes were detected within seconds after manipulation of the spinal cord. Monitoring of MEPs led to immediate revision of the placement of the dural graft in one case and to temporary cessation of the release of the incarcerated spinal cord in the other. Changes occurred selectively in MEPs and were reversible. In both patients, transient changes in intraoperative MEPs correlated with a reversible postoperative motor deficit. Patients without significant changes in somatosensory evoked potentials and MEPs demonstrated no additional neurological deficit postoperatively and showed improvement of motor function during follow-up.

Conclusions
Surgical repair of the dural defect is effected by release and reduction of the spinal cord and insertion of dural substitute over the dural defect. Careful monitoring of the functional integrity of spinal cord long tracts during surgical manipulation of the cord can detect surgically induced impairment. The authors' documentation of acute loss of MEPs that correlated with reversible postoperative motor deficit substantiates the necessity of IOM including continuous monitoring of MEPs for the surgical treatment of TISCH.
La Belgique à la croisée des chemins. Une géohistoire des grandes infrastructures de transport du Plat Pays à l'aune de ses frontières
Authors: Beyer Antoine 
Published: November 2011

La Belgique est née et a prospéré de sa vocation de pays de transit. Sa fonction de transport reste incontestée au sein de l’Union Européenne, grâce notamment à la puissance, toujours renouvelée, du hub logistique anversois. Or dans un pays réputé ouvert et au cœur d’une zone de commerce intense, la tension frontalière est une constante historique. Elle recouvre en fait deux réalités distinctes et successivement actives : les frontières étatiques internationales, négociées au XIX e siècle, qui furent la base d’une stratégie d’équipement industriel et commercial, au moment où il s’agissait pour la Belgique d’affirmer l’existence d’un pouvoir naissant face à ses voisins ; plus récemment les frontières émergentes qui tendent à séparer de manière croissante des entités fédérées, et à partir desquelles tend désormais à s’organiser la réalité des transports du pays. L’analyse de la question des frontières que l’on pensait obsolète dans une perspective européenne, garde en fait toute sa vigueur pour la compréhension de la construction et de la reconstruction des systèmes territoriaux de la Belgique, en inscrivant les infrastructures de transport dans le temps long des espaces nationaux.
Les Mères ! Quel est ce mot que je ne puis entendre ? Façons d'être mère
Authors: Brun Danièle 
Published: November 2011

C’est la lecture d’une lettre que Freud écrivit à Stefan Zweig en 1932 qui me mena à découvrir une autre façon d’être mère que j’appelle : Mère majuscule. Il s’agit d’une production de l’inconscient qui trouve sa source dans les relations précoces de la petite fille avec sa mère. Cela se traduit dans la vie quotidienne par un état mélancoliforme que fait surgir la prise de conscience d’un écart entre la représentation de l’enfant de chair, l’enfant réel, et celle de l’enfant fantasmé depuis la prime enfance. Une intrication anatomo-psychique caractéristique de la féminité telle qu’abordée par Freud dans les années 1930.
Le pianiste et son désir : du désir de la mère à l'interprétation comme désir, la construction Glenn Gould
Authors: Lalvée Brigitte 
Published: November 2011

En quoi interprétation analytique et interprétation musicale se rejoignent-elles, par-delà ce qui les sépare ? Si la première n’est pas étrangère à la musicalité, la seconde ne peut-elle se faire analytique ? C’est la question à laquelle on a tenté de répondre avec le pianiste Glenn Gould. Le style de son jeu, mais aussi sa conception de l’interprétation, élevée au rang d’un choix de vie et d’une philosophie, firent œuvre de séparation d’avec un désir maternel parfois apparenté au dressage. La légendaire chaise du pianiste, construite par son père, y eut son rôle déterminant : chaise indissociable du pianiste, qui donnait assiette face au corps-piano maternel et qui, toute percée qu’elle devint, du trou sans fond dont elle protégeait, finit par faire trouée symbolique. L’élection, contre le concert, du studio et de sa « sécurité matricielle », le traitement anti-pianistique du piano, détachant les sons au maximum, le choix aussi bien éthique qu’esthétique de la fugue, qui met du vide entre les voix, le nom de Bach enfin, furent les éléments de cette œuvre de restructuration plus encore que de suppléance. L’écriture contrapuntique, cette écriture métonymique d’un sujet au peu de subjectivité, fut ce S 2 qui permit à Gould de ré-ancrer autrement le trait unaire pianistique, le S 1 primordial maternel tyrannique et totalitaire.
Littératie : statut et fonctions de l'écrit
Authors: Faure Marie-France 
Published: November 2011

L’article souligne le rôle de l’écrit dans les processus cognitifs et dans les transformations sociales. Sa pratique, nommée littératie , par ce qu’elle requiert de la part du lecteur et du scripteur, modifie sa façon de penser : le langage devenant seul porteur de sens oblige le lecteur à une attention extrême aux moindres indices et contraint le scripteur à prévoir les effets de son texte. La spatialisation de l’énoncé favorise l’objectivation, rendant possible l’abstraction et la réflexivité, en particulier parce qu’elle permet des dispositions différentes (listes, tableaux), des rapprochements, des comparaisons, des confrontations. L’écrit transforme le rapport au monde, par l’utilisation d’objets structurant le temps et l’espace (agendas, cartes) et par l’inscription des textes fondateurs (droit, culture, religion). Par la possibilité de diffusion, l’écrit permet l’accès de chacun à la culture et au savoir.
Comparing Changes in Health Risk Factors and Medical Costs over Time
Authors: Haynes George , Dunnagan Tim 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. This study was designed to examine the association between health status/behaviors and changes in these measures over time with health costs. Design. This study employed a 6-year (1993–1998) retrospective cohort design to examine the relationship between health indicator variables, health insurance costs, and utilization. The outcome variables of interest were measures of health insurance costs and utilization of health care services. Setting. Public employer located in the northeastern United States. Subjects. In all, 1940 employees were included in the study on the basis of their membership in the worksite health plan and their having complete health indicator data collected during each of the two time periods (1993–1995 and 1996–1998). Measures. The health insurance data were obtained directly from the organization's Third Party Administrator. The health indicator variables included blood pressure, cholesterol, body mass index, and smoking status. Results. At-risk employees had a greater probability of submitting health insurance claims than did no-risk employees in approximately 70% of the 18 Major Diagnostic Codes that were examined. Higher costs were associated with the at-risk classification (mean = $3237 and median = $433) over time, and lower costs (mean = $1626 and median = $49) were associated with maintaining a no-risk status over time. Conclusions. These findings support the notions that lower health risk and maintaining a no-risk status over time are associated with lower health insurance costs.
Smoking Attitudes and Practices among Low-Income African-Americans: Qualitative Assessment of Contributing Factors
Authors: Beech Bettina M. , Scarinci Isabel C. 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. Studies have shown that African-American adolescents are less likely to smoke cigarettes than white youth. National data suggest that this pattern changes in late adolescence and early adulthood. Specifically, African-American adults have a relatively high smoking prevalence rate when compared with other racial/ethnic groups. The purpose of this study was to qualitatively examine the sociocultural factors associated with smoking attitudes and practices among low-income African-American young adults. Design. Cross-sectional qualitative study. Settings. High schools, 2-year colleges, housing developments, and trade schools in New Orleans, Louisiana, and Memphis, Tennessee. Subjects. One hundred eighteen low-income African Americans between 18 and 35 years of age (65 men and 53 women). Measure/Procedure. Fourteen focus groups were conducted with the target population. Nonmonetary incentives were provided for each participant in the 1-hour sessions. The majority of focus group moderators were African-American females trained in focus group moderation. Participants were recruited through flyers and project liaisons at each field location. Results. Themes elicited from the focus groups were classified according to the PEN-3 model, and they included: lighting cigarettes for parents as a first experience with cigarettes, perceived stress relief benefits of smoking, use of cigarettes to extend the sensation of marijuana, and protective factors against smoking such as respect for parental rules. Conclusion. The results indicate that there are specific contextual and familial factors that can contribute to smoking initiation, maintenance, and cessation among low-income African-American young adults. Limitations of this study include the exploratory nature of focus groups and the relatively small sample size. Further studies are necessary to quantitatively examine the role of these factors on smoking patterns in this population.