bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tunable terahertz polarization conversion and absorption devices based on metamaterials
Authors: Chen Wenya , Li Chao , Wang Dong , Gao Song , Wu Guozheng , Guo Shijing , Xiong Jiaran 
Published: May 2024

Metamaterials, as novel materials, have electromagnetic behaviors that can be realized by rationally designing the unit structure. It plays an important role in the research of terahertz functional devices. Switchable terahertz devices are constructed by flexibly combining the excellent properties of graphene and vanadium dioxide (VO2) with the application potential of terahertz technology. When the VO2 is in the metallic state and the graphene Fermi energy level is 0 eV, the device behaves as a broadband polarization switching device. It can realize cross-polarization conversion for the incident electromagnetic wave in the range of 2–4.2 THz. When the VO2 is in the insulating state and the graphene Fermi energy level is 0.9 eV, the device is an absorption device. The absorption rate can reach more than 99% at 4 THz. In addition, the polarization conversion ratio (PCR) as well as the absorption rate of the device can be tuned independently. This actively tunable switchable terahertz device provides ideas for dynamically controlling terahertz, bringing more possibilities for various applications such as terahertz imaging, stealth, and communication.
Sleep duration and its association with constipation in patients with diabetes: The fukuoka diabetes registry
Authors: Ohkuma Toshiaki , Iwase Masanori , Kitazono Takanari 
Published: May 2024

Aims
Shorter and longer sleep durations are associated with adverse health consequences. However, available evidence on the association of sleep duration with constipation is limited, especially in patients with diabetes, who are at a high risk of both conditions. This study aimed to examine the association between sleep duration and constipation in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods
A total of 4,826 patients with type 2 diabetes were classified into six groups according to sleep duration: <4.5, 4.5–5.4, 5.5–6.4, 6.5–7.4, 7.5–8.4, and ≥8.5 hours/day. The odds ratios for the presence of constipation, defined as a defecation frequency <3 times/week and/or laxative use, were calculated using a logistic regression model.

Results
Shorter and longer sleep durations were associated with a higher likelihood of constipation than an intermediate duration (6.5–7.4 hours/day). This U-shaped association persisted after adjusting for confounding factors, including lifestyle behavior, measures of obesity and glycemic control, and comorbidities. Broadly identical findings were observed when decreased defecation frequency and laxative use were individually assessed.

Conclusions
This study shows a U-shaped association between sleep duration and constipation in patients with type 2 diabetes, and highlights the importance of assessing sleep duration in daily clinical practice.
Associations between co‑exposure to heavy metals and vertebral compression fracture, as well as femoral neck bone mineral density: A cross-sectional study from NHANES data
Authors: Yang Xurong , Li Li , Nie Lixiong 
Published: May 2024

Objective
Accumulating evidence showed that exposure to heavy metals was harmful to human health. Little is known regarding the mixing effects of multiple metal exposures on vertebral compression fracture (VCF) and femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD). This study aimed to explore the individual and joint effects of four heavy metals [manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg)] on VCF risk and femoral neck BMD.

Methods
This cross-sectional study included 1,007 eligible individuals with vertebral fractures from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013–2014. The outcome was the risk of VCF and femoral neck BMD. Weighted multivariate logistic regression was used to explore the individual effect of four heavy metals on the VCF risk, separately. Weighted multivariate linear regression was used to explore the individual effect of four heavy metals on the femoral neck BMD, separately. Adopted bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) model and quantile-based g computation (qgcomp) to examine the joint effects of four heavy metals on the VCF risk and femoral neck BMD.

Results
Among the population, 57 individuals developed VCF. After adjusting covariates, we found no statistical differences regarding the individual effects of four heavy metals on the risk of VCF. BKMR model and qgcomp indicated that there were no statistical differences regarding the joint effects between four heavy metals on the VCF risk. In addition, we found that Cd was associated with femoral neck BMD, and an increase in the mixture of heavy metal exposures was associated with a decreased risk of femoral neck BMD.

Conclusion
No significant correlation was observed between co-exposure to Mn, Pb, Cd and Hg and VCF risk. But co-exposure to Mn, Pb, Cd and Hg may be associated with femoral neck BMD.
Clinical study on the safety and feasibility of AiWalker-K for lower limbs exercise rehabilitation in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Zhang Yi , Hui Zhichong , Qi Weihang , Zhang Jiamei , Wang Mingmei , Zhu Dengna 
Published: May 2024

Background
Robotic-assisted gait training (RAGT) devices are effective for children with cerebral palsy (CP). Many RAGT devices have been created and put into clinical rehabilitation treatment. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the safety and feasibility of a new RAGT for children with CP.

Methods
This study is a cross-over design with 23 subjects randomly divided into two groups. The occurrence of adverse events and changes in heart rate and blood pressure were recorded during each AiWalker-K training. Additionally, Gross Motor Function Measure-88 (GMFM-88), Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS), 6 Minutes Walking Test (6MWT), Physiological Cost Index, and Edinburgh Visual Gait Score (EVGS) were used to assess treatment, period, carry-over, and follow-up effects in this study.

Results
Adverse events included joint pain, skin pain, and injury. Heart rate and blood pressure were higher with the AiWalker-K compared to the rest (P < 0.05), but remained within safe ranges. After combined treatment with AiWalker-K and routine rehabilitation treatment, significant improvements in 6MWT, GMFM-88 D and E, PBS, and EVGS were observed compared to routine rehabilitation treatment alone (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
Under the guidance of experienced medical personnel, AiWalker-K can be used for rehabilitation in children with CP.
Incidence of lost to follow up among HIV-positive children on antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Girma Desalegn , Abita Zinie , Lemu Lidya Gutema , Asmelash Daniel , Bambo Getachew Mesfin , Alie Melesew Setegn , Abebe Gossa Fetene 
Published: May 2024

Background
At the end of 2022, globally, only 46% of children (aged 0–14 years) on ART had suppressed viral loads. Viral load suppression is crucial to reduce HIV-related deaths. To suppress the viral load at the expected level, children must be retained in ART treatment. Nevertheless, lost to follow-up from ART treatment continues to be a global challenge, particularly, in developing countries. Previously, primary studies were conducted in Ethiopia to assess the incidence of lost to follow-up among HIV-positive children on ART treatment. However, variations have been seen among the studies. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled incidence of lost to follow-up among HIV-positive children on ART and identify its associated factors in Ethiopia.

Methods
We searched PubMed, HINARI, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and African Journals Online to obtain articles published up to November 20, 2023. Critical appraisal was done using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist. Heterogeneity was identified using I-square statistics. Funnel plot and Egger’s tests were used to identify publication bias. Data was presented using forest plots and tables. Random and fixed-effect models were used to compute the pooled estimate.

Results
Twenty-four studies were included in the final analysis. The pooled incidence of lost to follow-up among HIV-positive children on ART was 2.79 (95% CI: 1.99, 3.91) per 100-child-year observations. Advanced HIV disease (HR: 2.20, 95% CI: 1.71, 2.73), having opportunistic infection (HR: 2.59, 95% CI: 1.39; 4.78), fair or poor ART treatment adherence (HR: 2.92, 95% CI: 1.31; 6.54) and children aged between 1–5 years (HR: 2.1,95% CI: 1.44; 2.95) were factors associated with lost to follow up among HIV positive children on ART.

Conclusions
The overall pooled incidence of lost to follow-up among HIV-positive children on ART is low in Ethiopia. Therefore, counseling on ART drug adherence should be strengthened. Moreover, emphasis has to be given to children with advanced HIV stage and opportunistic infection to reduce the rate of lost to follow up among HIV-positive children on ART.

Trial registration
Registered in PROSPERO with ID: CRD42024501071.
Evaluation and control model for resilience of water resource building system based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and its application
Authors: Chen Shengming , Ji Meiling , Chen Zeyou , Xiang Yong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The conflict between the supply and consumption of water resources (WR) is a growing concern, and water scarcity has become a major obstacle to the sustainable development of Chinese cities. To address this issue, the resilience assessment regulation model has proven to be an effective tool for decision makers. This model helps them determine how to improve the resilience of WR building systems and mitigate potential risks and threats. The aim of this article is to explore the evaluation and regulation of the resilience of WR building systems, with the goal of alleviating the WR crisis and promoting sustainable development. Through the construction of an evaluation index system, determination of index weights, design of evaluation models, and application of case studies, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was employed to assess the resilience of WR systems. Additionally, an evaluation regulation model was established, along with the proposed regulation method. The evaluation index system consists of four dimensions: flexibility, adaptability, resilience, and fault tolerance.
Against Harm: Keating on the Soul of Tort Law
Authors: Helmreich Jeffrey S. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
An orthodox view of tort law sees it as primarily a means of assigning costs -- for economic reasons, on some views, or for moral reasons, on others. Gregory Keating compellingly challenges this orthodoxy, showing how tort is essentially a matter of setting prospective norms designed to protect rational agents from wrongful harms, to which it attaches special negative significance. Here I discuss two areas that may raise complications for this account -- strict liability and the tortious infliction of pain -- and propose a reconciliation.
On the distribution of powered numbers
Authors: Brüdern Jörg , Robert Olivier 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Asymptotic formulae are established for the number of natural numbers

m

m

with largest square-free divisor not exceeding

m

ϑ

{m}^{{\vartheta }}

, for any fixed positive parameter

ϑ

{\vartheta }

. Related counting functions are also considered.
Low-Load and High-Load Resistance Exercise Completed to Volitional Fatigue Induce Increases in Postexercise Metabolic Responses With More Prolonged Responses With the Low-Load Protocol
Authors: Grisebach Daniel , Bornath Derek P. D. , McCarthy Seth F. , Jarosz Claudia , Hazell Tom J. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Grisebach, D, Bornath, DPD, McCarthy, SF, Jarosz, C, and Hazell, TJ. Low-load and high-load resistance exercise completed to volitional fatigue induce increases in post-exercise metabolic responses with more prolonged responses with the low-load protocol. J Strength Cond Res 38(8): 1386–1393, 2024—Comparisons of high-load with low-load resistance training (RT) exercise have demonstrated no differences in postexercise metabolism when volume is matched. This important limitation of matching or equating volume diminishes benefits of the low-load RT protocol. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of acute low-load high volume and high-load low volume RT protocols completed to volitional fatigue on postexercise metabolism. Eleven recreationally active resistance-trained male subjects (24 ± 2 years; BMI: 25.3 ± 1.5 kg·m−2) completed 3 experimental sessions: (a) no-exercise control (CTRL); (b) RT at 30% 1 repetition maximum (1RM; 30% 1RM); and (c) RT at 90% 1RM (90% 1RM) with oxygen consumption (V̇o
2) measurements 2 hours postexercise. The RT sessions consisted of 3 sets of back squats, bench press, straight-leg deadlift, military press, and bent-over rows to volitional fatigue completed sequentially with 90 seconds of rest between sets and exercises. Changes were considered important if p < 0.100 with a ≥medium effect size. V̇o
2 1 hour postexercise was elevated following 30% 1RM (25%; p = 0.003, d = 1.40) and 90% 1RM (14%; p = 0.010, d = 1.15) vs. CTRL and remained elevated 2 hours postexercise following 30% 1RM (16%; p = 0.010, d = 1.15) vs. CTRL. Total O2 consumed postexercise increased following 30% 1RM and 90% 1RM (∼17%; p < 0.044, d > 0.91) vs. CTRL. Fat oxidation was elevated 1 hour postexercise following 30% 1RM and 90% 1RM (∼155%; p < 0.001, d > 2.97) and remained elevated 2 hours postexercise following 30% 1RM compared with CTRL and 90% 1RM (∼69%; p < 0.030, d > 1.03). These data demonstrate beneficial changes to postexercise metabolism following high- and low-load RT sessions, with more prolonged effects following the low-load RT protocol completed to volitional fatigue.
The Right of Trade Unions to Information in the Era of the Fourth and Fifth Industrial Revolutions
Authors: Baran Krzysztof 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The dynamic technological transformations that are taking place in the third decade of the twenty-first century, described as the Fourth and even Fifth Industrial Revolutions, pose significant challenges for community partners who act in labour relationships. Transparency and the related right to information are some of the factors that define a democratic state under the rule of law. This also applies to labour relationships as widely understood. The regulations of collective employment law grant various rights in this respect to entities that represent staff, who may, among other things, demand information on the use of artificial intelligence by the employer in the work environment. In the Polish labour law system, the widest scope of competences in this regard is granted to trade unions. This article focuses on the legal and functional aspects that are related to the transfer of this type of data.
Collective Bargaining in Technology-Based Employment
Authors: Jaspers Teun , Mądrzycki Błażej , Pisarczyk Łukasz 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
New technology has profoundly influenced the world of work. The use of technology brings advantages for all – employers, workers and their representatives – but also some risks and hazards for working people. Despite technological development, workers still need effective protection that will ensure safety and sustainable development. The legal framework for this protection, both at European and national levels, is still under construction. An important role in filling the regulatory gap may be also played by collective bargaining. Moreover, modern technologies open up new possibilities for social partners to build their capacity and organize the process of negotiations. However, collective bargaining in the area of tech-based work remains in statu nascendi. This article analyses the need for and the advantages of collective protection in tech-based employment, its role in improving working standards and the influence of new technology on industrial relations.
Lack of Transparency in Algorithmic Management of Workers and Trade Unions’ Right to Information: European and Polish Perspectives
Authors: Stefański Krzysztof , Żywolewska Katarzyna 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The ‘black box issue’ is one of the biggest problems with algorithmic management. The lack of transparency in the operation and decision-making of AI is of greatest concern to those whose data is being processed (including employees). Trade unions, as the organisations that most represent the interests of workers, can play a big role here; however, they need to be empowered. There is a lack of legislation at EU and Member State level to set norms for this issue; the only country that has already introduced such legislation is Spain. The draft Polish regulation refers to the Spanish solutions and seems to be very interesting. It introduces the possibility for trade unions to obtain data from an employer on the operation of AI in relation to the algorithmic management of employees. The authors present this regulation against the background of EU recommendations and previous Polish legislation on the employer’s obligation to provide information. They also identify elements that need to be refined during the parliamentary process in order to make the regulation more effective in protecting workers’ rights.
Collective agreements on working conditions of solo self-employed persons: perspective of EU competition law
Authors: Jurkowska-Gomułka Agata , Piszcz Anna , Pais Sofia Oliveira 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The 2022 Guidelines of the European Commission on the application of EU competition law to collective agreements regarding the working conditions of solo self-employed persons apparently introduced a fresh approach towards collective agreements in a gig economy era. The main aim of this paper is to discuss whether the 2022 Guidelines are an appropriate tool to address the problems of solo self-employed persons (i.e. persons who are not in a formal employment relationship and who rely primarily on their own personal labour to provide services) from the perspective of EU competition law. To this end, we first present key competition problems related to collective agreements (section 1). Second, we analyse the regulatory framework for exemptions from competition law, with a view for a potential exemption relevant for collective agreements, as well as an approach to collective agreements in EU case law (sections 2 and 3). Third, the background for adopting the Guidelines, and their goals, is analysed (sections 4 and 5). Fourth, the Guidelines are discussed in more detail in sections 6 and 7 from the perspective of exemptions from Art. 101(1) TFEU. Finally, we examine the relationship between the Guidelines and a proposal for a platform work directive. The article attempts to verify the hypothesis that the Guidelines may be considered a pseudo-development.
Carbon and oxygen stable isotopes in isochemical contact metamorphism (Case Study of the Kochumdek Aureole, East Siberia)
Authors: Сокол Э.В. , Девятиярова А.С. , Пыряев А.Н. , Бульбак Т.А. , Томиленко А.А. , Сереткин Ю.В. , Пеков И.В. , Некипелова А.В. , Хворов П.В. 
Published: May 2024

Определен изотопный состав C и O в кальците и в (CO3)-группах карбонат-силикатов Ca(спуррита, тиллеита и скаполита) из пород Кочумдекского контактового ореола (Восточная Сибирь). Малые диапазоны различий между величинами δ13C и δ18O, характеризующие кочумдекские мраморы и их протолиты (Δδ13C ≤ 1.5 ‰ и Δδ18O ≤ 2.0 ‰), согласуются с низкой степенью высокотемпературной метаморфической декарбонатизации исходных мергелисто-карбонатных осадков (0.1—0.2) и отсутствием выраженных метасоматических изменений в породах ореола. Существенное обеднение изотопом 18O присуще только жильному скаполиту (δ18O от + 17.0 до + 17.3 ‰ V-SMOW) и кальциту из рекристаллизованных прослоев в известняках (δ18O от + 18.9 до + 20.6 ‰), что доказывает ограниченную инфильтрацию магматогенных водных флюидов из остывающего траппа внутрь вмещающей толщи. Определен изотопный состав C и O (CO3)-групп спуррита и тиллеита, которые обогащены изотопом 18O и могут быть несколько обеднены изотопом 13C относительно кальцита. Этот эффект максимален в наиболее высокотемпературных мервинитовых парагенезисах (Δδ18OSpu–Cal = + 3.3 ‰; Δδ13CSpu–Cal= –0.8 ‰). С применением метода беспиролизной газовой хромато-масс-спектрометрии (ГХ-МС) определены соотношения H2O и CO2 во флюиде при пиковых параметрах спуррит-мервинитового метаморфизма. Установлено, что флюидная фаза, законсервированная в кальците из мервинитовых мраморов, была богата CO2 (XCO2 = 0.4—0.6).
Carbon and oxygen isotope compositions have been determined in (CO3)-groups of Ca carbonate–silicate minerals (spurrite, tilleyite, and scapolite) and calcite from samples of the Kochumdek contact aureole (East Siberia). The observed small δ13C and δ18O difference between the Kochumdek marbles and their protoliths (Δδ13C ≤ 1.5‰ and Δ?δ18O ≤ 2.0‰) is consistent with moderate high-temperature metamorphic decarbonation of the protolith (0.1–0.2) and with almost absent metasomatic alteration in the aureole. Significant 18O depletion was inferred only for vein scapolite (δ18O from +17.0 to +17.3‰ V-SMOW) and calcite from recrystallized limestone layers (δ18O from +18.9 to +20.6‰), which is evidence for limited infiltration of magmatic aqueous fluids from the cooling sill into the host sediments. The C and O isotope compositions of (CO3)-bearing spurrite and tilleyite show lower 18O depletion and insignificant 13C depletion relative to calcite, especially in highest-temperature merwinite marble (Δδ18OSpu–Cal = +3.3‰; Δ?δ13CSpu–Cal = –0.8‰). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) provided constraints on the relative percentages of H2O and CO2 in the fluid at highest-temperature spurrite-merwinite metamorphism. The fluid phase entrapped in calcite from merwinite marble is rich in CO2 (XCO2 = 0.4–0.6).
Detrital chrome spinels of the udokan sedimentary basin in transbaikalia
Authors: Новоселов К.А. , Белогуб Е.В. , Блинов И.А. , Артемьев Д.А. 
Published: May 2024

Удоканский осадочный бассейн является уникальной геологической структурой, вмещающей множество месторождений и проявлений медистых песчаников. Детритовый хромшпинелид присутствует в метапесчаниках сакуканской свиты на Удоканском и Ункурском месторождениях, которые тяготеют к прослоям «естественного шлиха». Минерал образует реликтовые включения в кристаллах магнетита. Состав его отличается высокими концентрациями цинка (до 11.62 мас. % ZnO) и марганца (до 6.32 мас. % MnO) при практически полном отсутствии магния. По сравнению с ассоциирующим магнетитом, хромит существенно обогащен германием (до 666 г/т) и галлием (до 59.1 г/т). Образование Zn-хромшпинелида происходило при преобразовании детритового хромита на фоне специфических химических процессов, сопровождающих осаждение и раскристаллизацию железистого геля, обогащенного адсорбированными примесями.
The Udokan sedimentary basin is a unique geological structure containing many copperstone deposits and occurrences. A detrital chrome spinel is identified in the metasandstones of the Sakukan Formation at the Udokan and Unkur deposits, which tend to interlayers of natural heavy mineral concentrates. The mineral forms relict inclusions in magnetite crystals. Its composition is distinguished by high concentrations of zinc (up to 11.62 wt.% ZnO) and manganese (up to 6.32 wt.% MnO) with an almost complete absence of magnesium. In comparison with the associated magnetite, chromite is significantly enriched in germanium (up to 666 ppm) and gallium (up to 59.1 ppm). The formation of Zn-chrome spinel occurred during the transformation of detrital chromite against the background of specific chemical processes accompanying the deposition and crystallization of iron gel enriched with adsorbed impurities.