bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Huntingtin associated protein 1 regulates trafficking of the amyloid precursor protein and modulates amyloid beta levels in neurons
Authors: Yang Gui‐Zhi , Yang Miao , Lim Yoon , Lu Jian‐Jun , Wang Ting‐Hua , Qi Jian‐Guo , Zhong Jin‐Hua , Zhou Xin‐Fu 
Published: June 2012

J. Neurochem. (2012) 122, 1010–1022.AbstractAmyloid precursor protein (APP) is involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. It is axonally transported, endocytosed and sorted to different cellular compartments where amyloid beta (Aβ) is produced. However, the mechanism of APP trafficking remains unclear. We present evidence that huntingtin associated protein 1 (HAP1) may reduce Aβ production by regulating APP trafficking to the non‐amyloidogenic pathway. HAP1 and APP are highly colocalized in a number of brain regions, with similar distribution patterns in both mouse and human brains. They are associated with each other, the interacting site is the 371–599 of HAP1. APP is more retained in cis‐Golgi, trans‐Golgi complex, early endosome and ER‐Golgi intermediate compartment in HAP1−/− neurons. HAP1 deletion significantly alters APP endocytosis and reduces the re‐insertion of APP into the cytoplasmic membrane. Amyloid precursor protein‐YFP(APP‐YFP) vesicles in HAP1−/− neurons reveal a decreased trafficking rate and an increased number of motionless vesicles. Knock‐down of HAP1 protein in cultured cortical neurons of Alzheimer’s disease mouse model increases Aβ levels. Our data suggest that HAP1 regulates APP subcellular trafficking to the non‐amyloidogenic pathway and may negatively regulate Aβ production in neurons.
The apoptotic effect of hesperetin on human cervical cancer cells is mediated through cell cycle arrest, death receptor, and mitochondrial pathways
Authors: Alshatwi Ali A. , Ramesh E. , Periasamy V.S. , Subash‐Babu P. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractHesperetin, a flavonoid from citrus fruits, has several bioactivities such as anti‐inflammatory, antihypertensive, antiatherogenic effects. However, studies elucidating the role and the mechanism(s) of action of hesperetin in cervical cancer are sparse. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of the antiproliferative and apoptotic actions exerted by hesperetin on human cervical cancer SiHa cells. The viability of SiHa cells was evaluated using the MTT assay, apoptosis by acridine orange/ethidium bromide, propidium iodide, TUNEL assay, and Annexin V‐Cy3, cell cycle distribution and mitochondrial transmembrane potential using flow cytometry, and apoptotic marker genes using quantitative real‐time PCR. The treatment of SiHa cells with hesperetin (IC50, 650 μm) showed a marked concentration‐ and time‐dependent inhibition of proliferation and induced the G2/M phase in a dose‐dependent manner after 24 h. There was an attenuation of mitochondrial membrane potential with increased expression of caspase‐3, caspase‐8, caspase‐9, p53, Bax, and Fas death receptor and its adaptor protein Fas‐associated death domain–containing protein (FADD), indicating the participation of both death receptor– and mitochondria‐related mechanisms. Furthermore, hesperetin‐induced apoptosis was confirmed by TUNEL and Annexin V‐Cy3. This study shows that hesperetin exhibits a potential anticancer activity against human cervical cancer cell lines in vitro through the reduction in cell viability and the induction of apoptosis. Altogether, these data sustain our contention that hesperetin has anticancer properties and merits further investigation as a potential therapeutic agent.
Antibodies Anti‐Caga Cross‐React with Trophoblast Cells: A Risk Factor for Pre‐Eclampsia?
Authors: Franceschi Francesco , Di Simone Nicoletta , D'Ippolito Silvia , Castellani Roberta , Di Nicuolo Fiorella , Gasbarrini Giovanni , Yamaoka Yoshio , Todros Tullia , Scambia Giovanni , Gasbarrini Antonio 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies reported an epidemiological association between CagA‐positive
H. pylori strains and pre‐eclampsia. As antibodies anti‐CagA cross‐react with endothelial cells and trophoblast cells show an endothelial phenotypic profile, we hypothesized that anti‐CagA antibodies may recognize antigens of cytotrophoblast cells, thus impairing their function.Materials and MethodsPlacenta samples were obtained from healthy women. Cytotrophoblast cells were cultured in a medium containing increasing concentration of polyclonal anti‐CagA antibodies. Binding of anti‐CagA antibodies to cytotrophoblast cells was evaluated by cell ELISA and immunofluorescence assay. Invasive potential of those cells was assessed by an invasion culture system and by measuring of MMP‐2. Protein sequencing was performed on antigens precipitated by anti‐CagA antibodies. Measurement of phosphorylated ERK expression and NF‐kB DNA‐binding activity in trophoblast cells incubated with anti‐CagA or irrelevant antibodies was also performed.ResultsAnti‐CagA antibodies recognized β‐actin of cytotrophoblast cells, showing a dose‐dependent binding. Incubation of cytotrophoblast cells with increasing doses of anti‐CagA antibodies significantly reduced their invasiveness and determined a significant decrease in phosphorylated ERK expression and a reduced NF‐kB translocation activity.ConclusionsThis study shows that anti‐CagA antibodies recognize β‐actin of cytotrophoblast cells, reducing their invasiveness ability, possibly giving a biological explanation for the epidemiological association.
In Vitro Comparison of a Single‐Layer (Continuous Lembert) versus Two‐Layer (Simple Continuous/Cushing) Hand‐Sewn End‐to‐End Jejunoileal Anastomosis in Normal Equine Small Intestine
Authors: Lee Wesley L. , Epstein Kira L. , Sherlock Ceri E. , Mueller P.O. Eric , Eggleston Randall B. 
Published: June 2012

ObjectivesTo compare in vitro physical and mechanical characteristics of 1‐layer and 2‐layer end‐to‐end jejunoileostomy.Study DesignIn vitro experimental study.AnimalsAdult horses (n = 6).MethodsHarvested equine jejunum and ileum was used to create 1‐ and 2‐layer end‐to‐end jejunoileostomy specimens. Construction time, bursting pressure, and relative lumen diameter (anastomosis diameter expressed as a percentage of the lumen diameter of adjacent jejunum and ileum) were compared. Construction time and relative lumen diameters were compared using a paired t‐test. Bursting pressure for anastomoses and control jejunal segments were compared using a repeated‐measure ANOVA. Statistical significance was set at P < .05.ResultsMean (±SEM) construct completion times were shorter for 1 layer (21 ± 0.91 minutes) than 2 layers (26.71±1.16 minutes; P = .005). Relative lumen diameters (percentage of jejunal diameter) were larger for 1 layer (77.67 ± 4.46%) than for 2 layers (69.37 ± 2.8%; P = .035). There were no significant differences in bursting pressures between the 2 groups and the control jejunum (P =.155) or relative lumen diameters (percentage of ileal diameter; P =.118).ConclusionsOne‐layer jejunoileostomy can be created in a shorter time and maintain a larger anastomosis luminal diameter without compromising maximum bursting pressure when compared to 2‐layer jejunoileostomy.
Effect of Sequential Removal of Parts of the Second Metacarpal Bone on the Biomechanical Stability of the Equine Carpus
Authors: Seabaugh Kathryn A. , Hubert Jeremy D. , Kawcak Christopher E. , McGilvray Kirk C. , Santoni Brandon G. , Rao Sangeeta , Baxter Gary M. 
Published: June 2012

ObjectiveTo quantify changes in biomechanical stability and stiffness within the equine carpus after removal of 50%, 80%, and 100% of the second metacarpal bone (MC2).Study DesignIn vitrobiomechanical study.MethodsCadaveric equine forelimbs (n = 16) were evaluated. Intact constructs were loaded in axial compression from 0 to 5000 N and compression + torsion (5000 N ± 20°) for 5 cycles. This was repeated after removal of 50%, 80%, and 100% ofMC2. The primary biomechanical outcome variables were the compressive stiffness and compressive + torsional stiffness of the carpus. Relative kinematic motion was also evaluated between the second carpal bone (C2) and the radial carpal bone (RC),C2 and the third metacarpal bone (MC3) andC2 and the third carpal bone (C3).ResultsA significant decrease in compressive + torsional stiffness was found after 100% removal ofMC2. Compressive stiffness of the carpus did not change after 100%MC2 removal. A significant increase in relative rotation around the z‐axis (rotation around the long axis) was observed forC2 versusMC3 andC2 versusC3 when 100% ofMC2 was removed as compared to 80%, 50%, and 0% removal. No significant difference in relative rotation betweenC2 andRCwas detected.ConclusionsThe biomechanical results reported here suggest that the torsional stability of the equine carpus is significantly decreased only after complete resection ofMC2.
Qualities of fatigue in patients on chronic hemodialysis
Authors: Bossola Maurizio , Di Stasio Enrico , Antocicco Manuela , Tazza Luigi 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe aimed to assess the relationship among fatigue qualities (FQ) and the association of FQ with various characteristics of chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients. In 68 HD patients, we assessed the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), the Geriatric Depression Scale score (GDS), the Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE), and measured the laboratory parameters. In addition, patients answered to six questions about FQ (Tiredness: Do you feel tired much of the time? Emotional: Do you feel that life is empty? Cognitive: Do you have trouble concentrating? Sleepiness: Have you had difficulty sleeping in the past month? Weakness: Have you had muscle weakness in the past month? Lack of energy: Do you feel full of energy?). At least one FQ was reported by 62 patients. Muscle weakness (61.7%) was the most frequent and cognitive fatigue (22%) the least. Physical FQ were all more common than the mental ones. Correlation between the two mental FQ (emotional and cognitive) was 0.381 (p = 0.002). Six patients reported none of the FQ, 20 one FQ, 13 two FQ, and 29 three or more FQ. CCI and GDS were associated with all FQ and MMSE with all FQ but sleepiness. Patients reporting ≥3 FQ were older, had more comorbidities, more symptoms of depression, and a lower MMSE score. At multivariate linear regression analysis, the GDS was the only significant predictor of the number of FQ. HD patients report a variety of qualities of fatigue and the number of FQ is independently associated with symptoms of depression.
Simulating Climate Change Negotiations: Lessons from Modeled Experience
Authors: Penetrante Ariel Macaspac 
Published: June 2012

Studies of the negotiation process in the context of climate change have been limited. This report argues that it is necessary to cope not only with the complexity of the substantial issues related to climate change (scientific, technical, economic, political, and social) but also with the complexity of this multiparty international negotiation process and with the uncertainty of the negotiation outcome. Preparing decision makers for negotiations requires developing a tool kit that includes strategies for dealing with complexity; creating such a tool kit requires collecting knowledge through the systematic study of relevant negotiations.Analyzing the documents and transcripts from previous climate change negotiations is necessary but insufficient. In this report, I argue the need to employ innovative approaches to understanding the complexity of the climate change negotiation. For this reason, I conducted a series of games that simulated United Nations–sponsored climate change negotiations.In these games, variables were manipulated to explore the impact of various conditions on negotiating behaviors, processes, and outcomes. The results offer insights that may help researchers and negotiators develop practical strategies to cope with the complexity of international climate change negotiations. Among these are propositions about reframing the “North–South divide” and about encouraging “threshold states” to assume the role of the bridge between various groups and coalitions in the international system.
Crestal bone resorption after the application of two periodontal surgical techniques. A randomized, controlled clinical trial
Authors: Kyriazis Thomas , Gkrizioti Sofia , Mikrogeorgis Georgios , Tsalikis Lazaros , Sakellari Dimitra , Lyroudia Kleoniki , Konstantinides Antonios 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAimTo radiographically assess, by means of digital subtraction radiography, crestal bone loss following two periodontal surgical techniques, over a period of 6 months.Material and methodsA total of 30 chronic periodontitis patients participated in this randomized controlled clinical trial and were separated into two groups. Modified Widman flap was applied in the control group and apically positioned flap, without intervention to the bone, in the experimental group. Clinical measurements (plaque index, gingival bleeding index, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level) were recorded at baseline, 6 weeks, 3 and 6 months after surgery. Digital radiographs were taken at baseline, 1, 3, 6 weeks, 3 and 6 months after surgical treatment and subtracted digitally in pairs.ResultsBoth groups showed statistically significant improvement of clinical parameters. Statistically significant differences between the two groups were observed only in probing pocket depth (PPD) at 6 weeks interval, where the test group showed more reduction (smallest statistically significant differences observed, SSSDO = 0.64). Both groups showed the same rate of crestal bone resorption.ConclusionsBone resorption of the alveolar crest is a phenomenon that is observed as a consequence of periodontal surgical treatment without significant differences between the two techniques. Furthermore, both surgical techniques lead to satisfactory clinical results, indicating that bone removal during periodontal surgical treatment is not always necessary.
Expression of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 is associated with an increased risk of death in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Brady Anna , Gibson Sarah , Rybicki Lisa , Hsi Eric , Saunthararajah Yogen , Sekeres Mikkael A. , Tiu Ramon , Copelan Edward , Kalaycio Matt , Sobecks Ronald , Bates Jennifer , Advani Anjali S. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackgroundConstitutive activation of STAT5 (by phosphorylation) has been identified in a number of malignancies, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML).ObjectivesWe investigated whether the level of phosphorylated STAT5 (pSTAT5) expression correlates with clinical outcome in AML.MethodsAdult patients with newly diagnosed AML receiving induction chemotherapy and with an available diagnostic bone marrow were evaluated.ResultsForty‐two percent of patients had pSTAT5 expression >0 on immunohistochemical analysis of fixed bone marrow core biopsies. In multivariable analyses, controlling for age, history of antecedent hematologic disorder, cytogenetic risk, and WBC at diagnosis, pSTAT5 expression was significantly associated with an increased risk of death (HR 1.96, 95% CI 1.19–3.23,
P
= 0.008) and of relapse after achieving complete remission (HR 2.31, 95% CI 1.16–4.63, P = 0.018).ConclusionsValidation of pSTAT5's prognostic value requires additional study in a larger group of uniformly treated patients. However, our data suggests that targeting this signaling pathway in AML may improve the outcome of patients.
Advantages of histamine H4 receptor antagonist usage with H1 receptor antagonist for the treatment of murine allergic contact dermatitis
Authors: Matsushita Ayuko , Seike Masahiro , Okawa Haruka , Kadawaki Yayoi , Ohtsu Hiroshi 
Published: June 2012

AbstractHistamine facilitates development of eczematous lesions in chronic allergic contact dermatitis. In addition to the well‐known corticosteroid treatments, H1 receptor (H1R) antagonists also have been used. This study observed effects of histamine H4 receptor (H4R) antagonist usage with H1R antagonist in a murine chronic allergic contact dermatitis model, developed by repeated percutaneous challenge to the dorsal skin with 2,4,6‐trinitro‐1‐chlorobenzene (TNCB). The H1R antagonist olopatadine hydrochloride and/or the H4R antagonist JNJ7777120 was then administered. Combination therapy was more effective than H1R antagonist monotherapy. Serum IgE and levels of interleukin (IL)‐4, IL‐5 and IL‐6 (Th2 cytokines) in eczematous lesions decreased with combined therapy. Combined therapy with H1R and H4R antagonists counteracts the disadvantages of each as monotherapeutic agents and potentially represents a new strategy for the treatment of chronic allergic contact dermatitis.
Highly pigmented Tg(Grm1) mouse melanoma develops non‐pigmented melanoma cells in distant metastases
Authors: Schiffner Susanne , Chen Suzie , Becker Jürgen C. , Bosserhoff Anja‐Katrin 
Published: June 2012

AbstractMurine model systems are critically required tools for the investigation of unknown mechanisms of melanoma development and metastasis and for developing more efficient therapies. The Tg(Grm1)EPv melanoma mouse model is characterized by spontaneous development of pigmented cutaneous melanomas at hairless skin regions, with a short latency and 100% penetrance. Local metastasis was described in initial analyses; however, melanoma cells were not observed in distant organs. Here, we demonstrate that the established Tg(Grm1)EPv melanoma mouse model exhibits more extensive metastasis into distant organs than previously described. Disseminated cells undergo phenotypic changes, as we observed high numbers of non‐pigmented Grm1‐expressing melanoma cells within distant organs. As such changes during metastasis are common in human melanoma, our findings demonstrate that this mouse model represents an even more useful tool to study unknown mechanisms of metastasis in human melanoma than previously assumed.
In situ effect of sodium fluoride or titanium tetrafluoride varnish and solution on carious demineralization of enamel
Authors: Comar Livia P. , Wiegand Annette , Moron Bruna M. , Rios Daniela , Buzalaf Marília A. R. , Buchalla Wolfgang , Magalhães Ana C. 
Published: June 2012

This study evaluated the effect of titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4) formulations on enamel carious demineralization in situ. Thirteen subjects took part in this cross‐over, split‐mouth, double‐blind study performed in three phases of 14 d each. In each subject, two sound and two predemineralized specimens of bovine enamel were worn intra‐orally and plaque accumulation was allowed. One sound and one predemineralized specimen in each subject was treated once with sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish or solution (Treatment A); TiF4 varnish or solution (Treatment B); or placebo varnish or no treatment (Treatment C). The initially sound enamel specimens were exposed to severe cariogenic challenge (20% sucrose, eight times daily for 5 min each time), whereas the predemineralized specimens were not. Eleven subjects were able to finish all experimental phases. The enamel alterations were quantified by surface hardness and transversal microradiography. Demineralization of previously sound enamel was reduced by all test formulations except for the NaF solution, while both TiF4 formulations were as effective as NaF varnish. For the predemineralized specimens, enamel surface hardness was increased only by TiF4 formulations, while subsurface mineral remineralization could not be seen in any group. Within the experimental protocol, TiF4 was able to decrease enamel demineralization to a similar degree as NaF varnish under severe cariogenic challenges, while only TiF4 formulations remineralized the enamel surface.
Counteractive effect of antacid suspensions on intrinsic dental erosion
Authors: Turssi Cecilia P. , Vianna Lídia M. F. F. , Hara Anderson T. , do Amaral Flávia L. B. , França Fabiana M. G. , Basting Roberta T. 
Published: June 2012

This in vitro study aimed to investigate the anti‐erosive effect of antacid suspensions applied to enamel after exposure to hydrochloric acid (HCl). Ninety bovine enamel slabs were embedded, flattened, and polished. Reference areas were created and specimens were divided into six groups. They were exposed to 0.01 M HCl (pH 2) for 2 min, followed by immersion for 1 min in one of the following test suspensions: magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide/aluminum hydroxide, sodium alginate/sodium bicarbonate/calcium carbonate, or hydrated magnesium aluminate. Artificial saliva was used as a negative control. Specimens were subjected to a total of five cycles of erosion/antacid treatment. Enamel surface loss was measured (in micrometers) by optical profilometry. In addition, baseline and final surface microhardness (SMH) values of enamel were obtained. It was found that antacid suspensions significantly reduced enamel loss, and that similar protection was afforded by all formulations. No differences were observed between the final enamel SMH values among groups. Antacid suspensions counteracted HCl‐induced enamel loss, although they were not effective in reducing enamel softening. Mouth rinsing with antacid suspensions after vomiting can potentially represent a promising strategy to counteract enamel loss caused by erosion.
A Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task evokes stress and differential effects on masseter‐muscle activity and haemodynamics
Authors: Tanosoto Tomohiro , Arima Taro , Tomonaga Akio , Ohata Noboru , Svensson Peter 
Published: June 2012

This study aimed to determine autonomic and jaw‐muscle activities, and haemodynamic responses, to acute experimental mental stress in humans. Eleven healthy men (25.2 ± 3.0 years of age) and five healthy women (23.0 ± 3.7 years of age) performed a standardized mental stress task, the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task (PASAT). Autonomic function, such as heart rate variability (HRV), and haemodynamic changes were recorded simultaneously. The success rate of the PASAT decreased with increased pace and duration. Low‐frequency (5.8 ± 1.1 ms2) and high‐frequency (5.3 ± 0.6 ms2) components of HRV decreased during the PASAT (to 5.0 ± 0.9 ms2 and 4.6 ± 1.1 ms2, respectively) as an indication of acute stress. Oxygenated haemoglobin in the masseter muscle (14.6 ± 2.2 104 units mm−3) remained at an elevated level during the PASAT (15.5 ± 2.5 104units mm−3), whereas deoxygenated haemoglobin (7.8 ± 2.3 104 units mm−3) showed a consistent decrease (to 6.8 ± 2.1 104 units mm−3). Total haemoglobin and jaw‐muscle electromyographic (EMG) activity did not change during the PASAT. Thus, PASAT‐induced mental stress changed the parasympathetic/sympathetic balance of the heart and had an acute influence on jaw‐muscle haemodynamics, but not on jaw‐muscle EMG activity. This non‐invasive experimental set‐up can be applied to study the effects of repeated or longer‐lasting mental stress in order to further the understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms in craniofacial pain conditions.