bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Random dense bipartite graphs and directed graphs with specified degrees
Authors: Greenhill Catherine , McKay Brendan D. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractLet s and t be vectors of positive integers with the same sum. We study the uniform distribution on the space of simple bipartite graphs with degree sequence s in one part and t in the other; equivalently, binary matrices with row sums s and column sums t. In particular, we find precise formulae for the probabilities that a given bipartite graph is edge‐disjoint from, a subgraph of, or an induced subgraph of a random graph in the class. We also give similar formulae for the uniform distribution on the set of simple directed graphs with out‐degrees s and in‐degrees t. In each case, the graphs or digraphs are required to be sufficiently dense, with the degrees varying within certain limits, and the subgraphs are required to be sufficiently sparse. Previous results were restricted to spaces of sparse graphs. Our theorems are based on an enumeration of bipartite graphs avoiding a given set of edges, proved by multidimensional complex integration. As a sample application, we determine the expected permanent of a random binary matrix with row sums s and column sums t. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2009
Review of statistical analyses in drug discovery and chemogenomics
Authors: Liu Yushi , Verducci Joseph S. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA review of the basic organizational structure of chemogenomics outlines how chemoinformatics, combinational and medicinal chemistry integrate with microarray methods and systems biology to discover new drugs. Key statistical issues include investigations of quantitative structural activity relationships (QSARs), the role of compound similarity in constructing experimental designs, and techniques for getting reliable and accurate measures of genomic response. Four current areas of research are highlighted: correlational analyses, integration of non‐coding RNA signals into modeling, connectivity maps, and yeast deletion libraries. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 2: 88‐102, 2009
Mistakes encountered during automatic peak identification of minor and trace constituents in electron‐excited energy dispersive X‐ray microanalysis
Authors: Newbury Dale E. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAutomated peak identification in electron beam‐excited X‐ray microanalysis with energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry has been shown to be subject to occasional mistakes even on well‐separated, high‐intensity peaks arising from major constituents (arbitrarily defined as a concentration, C, which exceeds a mass fraction of 0.1). The peak identification problem becomes even more problematic for constituents present at minor (0.01≤C≤0.1) and trace (C<0.01) levels. “Problem elements” subject to misidentification as major constituents are even more vulnerable to misidentification when present at low concentrations in the minor and trace ranges. Additional misidentifications attributed to trace elements include minor X‐ray family members associated with major constituents but not assigned properly, escape and coincidence peaks associated with major constituents, and false peaks owing to chance groupings of counts in spectra with poor counting statistics. A strategy for robust identification of minor and trace elements can be based on application of automatic peak identification with careful inspection of the results followed by multiple linear least‐squares peak fitting with complete peak references to systematically remove each identified major element from the spectrum before attempting to assign remaining peaks to minor and trace constituents. SCANNING 31: 91–101, 2009. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Density‐adaptive network reprogramming protocol for wireless sensor networks
Authors: Cho Sungkyu , Shin Hyojeong , Han Seungjae , Cha Hojung , Ha Rhan 
Published: June 2009

AbstractNetwork reprogramming is a process used to update program codes of sensor nodes that are already deployed. To deal with potentially unstable link conditions of wireless sensor networks, the epidemic approach based on 3‐way advertise‐request‐data handshaking is preferred for network reprogramming. Existing epidemic protocols, however, require a long completion period and high traffic overhead in high‐density networks, mainly due to the hidden terminal problem. In this paper, we address this problem by dynamically adjusting the frequency of advertisement messages in terms of the density of sensor nodes, which is the number of sensor nodes in a certain area. We compare the performance of the proposed scheme, called DANP (Density‐Adaptive Network Reprogramming Protocol), with a well‐known epidemic protocol, Deluge. Simulations indicate that, in the grid topologies, DANP outperforms Deluge by about 30% in terms of the completion time and about 50% in terms of the traffic overhead. Significant performance gain is observed in random topologies as well. The performance of DANP is further confirmed via measurements in an experimental test bed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A network coding based interference cancelation scheme for wireless ad hoc networks
Authors: Chen Chen , Bai Lin , Cai Kai , He Jianhua , Xiang Haige 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe performance of wireless networks is limited by multiple access interference (MAI) in the traditional communication approach where the interfered signals of the concurrent transmissions are treated as noise. In this paper, we treat the interfered signals from a new perspective on the basis of additive electromagnetic (EM) waves and propose a network coding based interference cancelation (NCIC) scheme. In the proposed scheme, adjacent nodes can transmit simultaneously with careful scheduling; therefore, network performance will not be limited by the MAI. Additionally we design a space segmentation method for general wireless ad hoc networks, which organizes network into clusters with regular shapes (e.g., square and hexagon) to reduce the number of relay nodes. The segmentation method works with the scheduling scheme and can help achieve better scalability and reduced complexity. We derive accurate analytic models for the probability of connectivity between two adjacent cluster heads which is important for successful information relay. We proved that with the proposed NCIC scheme, the transmission efficiency can be improved by at least 50% for general wireless networks as compared to the traditional interference avoidance schemes. Numeric results also show the space segmentation is feasible and effective. Finally we propose and discuss a method to implement the NCIC scheme in a practical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) communications networks. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Endoscopic Total Parathyroidectomy and Partial Parathyroid Tissue Autotransplantation for Patients with Secondary Hyperparathyroidism: A New Surgical Approach
Authors: Sun Yueming , Cai Huihua , Bai Jianfeng , Zhao Hanlin , Miao Yi 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBackgroundSecondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) (i.e., renal hyperparathyroidism) is one of the most serious complications in long‐term hemodialysis patients. The purpose of this retrospective study was to explore the feasibility of a new surgical approach—endoscopic total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation (ETP+AT)—and evaluate its practical application for patients with SHPT.MethodsThe study included 34 SHPT patients who underwent ETP+AT from among 67 cases at the Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University over a 3‐year period. The other 33 patients underwent traditional total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation (TP+AT). Two criteria were used as indications to perform ETP+AT in SHPT patients. The first was a high serum parathyroid hormone level (PTH >800 pg/ml) associated with hypercalcemia and/or hyperphosphatemia that which were refractory to medical treatment. The second criterion was the presence of clinical symptoms including pruritus, bone and joint pain, muscle weakness, progression of soft tissue calcification, and spontaneous fractures. Ultrasonography, 99mTc sestamibi scans, and computed tomography were used to evaluate the thyroid and parathyroid glands.ResultsThere was no surgery‐related mortality among any of the patients with ETP+AT. One patient underwent conventional neck exploration because of bleeding and injury of a unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve after the operation. Preoperative symptoms were alleviated, and the serum PTH and alkaline phosphatase levels, hyperphosphatemia, and hypercalcemia were improved or normalized in most patients. Recurrence was observed in one patient with a sixth parathyroid gland behind his thyroid, and the patient required a second operation. Hypoparathyroidism was not found after the operation. The clinical data were compared between ETP+AT and TP+AT.ConclusionsETP+AT is a safe option for the treatment of SHPT with low morbidity and mortality, shorter hospital stay and low recurrence rate. It is important to avoid intraoperative bleeding, identify all parathyroid glands during the surgery, and choose adequate parathyroid tissues for autografting.
Prophylactic Thoracic Duct Mass Ligation Prevents Chylothorax After Transthoracic Esophagectomy for Cancer
Authors: Cagol Matteo , Ruol Alberto , Castoro Carlo , Alfieri Rita , Michieletto Silvia , Ancona Ermanno 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBackgroundChylothorax after transthoracic esophagectomy for cancer is an uncommon but potentially life‐threatening postoperative complication. It has been reported that preventive thoracic duct ligation can reduce the incidence of postoperative chylothorax after esophagectomy for cancer. In this prospective series, we evaluated the results of preventive intraoperative thoracic duct mass ligation in patients who underwent transthoracic esophagectomy for cancer.MethodsFrom 2001 to 2006, 323 patients underwent transthoracic esophagectomy for cancer and duct ligation during the operation was routinely performed.ResultsNo intraoperative or postoperative complications directly related to the procedure were recorded. No postoperative chylothorax was observed.ConclusionsIn this series, the technique of intraoperative thoracic duct mass ligation proved to be safe and effectively prevented postoperative chylothorax in patients who underwent transthoracic esophagectomy for cancer.
Sense of Community in Hong Kong: Relations with Community‐Level Characteristics and Residents’ Well‐Being
Authors: Mak Winnie W. S. , Cheung Rebecca Y. M. , Law Lawrence S. C. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractSense of community (SOC) has been one of the most studied topics in community psychology. However, no empirical study to date has investigated SOC in Hong Kong and its relations with community characteristics and residents’ psychological well‐being. A representative sample of 941 Hong Kong Chinese based on a randomized household survey was conducted in all 18 districts in Hong Kong. Results of hierarchical linear modeling indicated that SOC was not associated with sociodemographic indicators on both the individual‐level (i.e., gender, age, family income, education level, type of residence, and area‐to‐capita ratio of residence) and the community‐level (i.e., proportion of individuals with tertiary education, median family income, ownership of residence, population density, and resident stability). SOC was negatively related to daily hassles and positively with social support and quality of life. Conceptualization of SOC in Hong Kong was discussed.
Participatory Research in Systems of Care for Children's Mental Health
Authors: Pullmann Michael D. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe children's system of care initiative in the United States requires the participation of caregivers of children with emotional or behavioral problems in conducting research and evaluation. This entails a restructuring of traditional power dynamics among families served by the community mental health system and other system stakeholders, including researchers. However, evidence indicates that system of care research may not currently embrace the different types of knowledge possessed by caregivers and may be frustrated by traditional power hierarchies, resulting in research findings that are not useful for the community. In this paper I examine a framework for power and knowledge and examine how, when viewed through this framework, participatory research in the system of care initiative thus far may be less than authentic. I conclude with improvements suggested by the framework that are expected to shift power to caregivers and result in more useful, actionable research findings for the community.
Vertical heterogeneity of a forest floor invertebrate food web as indicated by stable‐isotope analysis
Authors: Okuzaki Yutaka , Tayasu Ichiro , Okuda Noboru , Sota Teiji 
Published: June 2009

AbstractDiverse populations of invertebrates constitute the food web in detritus layers of a forest floor. Heterogeneity in trophic interactions within such a species‐rich community food web may affect the dynamic properties of biological communities such as stability. To examine the vertical heterogeneity in trophic interactions among invertebrates in litter and humus layers, we studied differences in species composition and variations in carbon and nitrogen stable‐isotope ratios (δ13C and δ15N) using community‐wide metrics of the forest floors of temperate broadleaf forests in Japan. The species composition differed between the two layers, and the invertebrates in the litter layer were generally larger than those in the humus layer, suggesting that these layers harbored separate food webs based on different basal resources. However, the δ13C of invertebrates, an indicator of differences in the basal resources of community food webs, did not provide evidence for separate food webs between layers even though plant‐derived organic matter showed differences in stable‐isotope ratios according to decomposition state. The minimum δ15N of invertebrates also did not differ between layers, suggesting sharing of food by detritivores from the two layers at lower trophic levels. The maximum and range of δ15N were greater in the humus layer, suggesting more trophic transfers (probably involving microorganisms) than in the litter layer and providing circumstantial evidence for weak trophic interactions between layers at higher trophic levels. Thus, the invertebrate community food web was not clearly compartmentalized between the detrital layers but still showed a conspicuous spatial (vertical) heterogeneity in trophic interactions.
Enhanced Microwave Absorption Properties of Intrinsically Core/shell Structured La0.6Sr0.4MnO3Nanoparticles
Authors: Cheng Y. L. , Dai J. M. , Zhu X. B. , Wu D. J. , Yang Z. R. , Sun Y. P. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
The intrinsically core/shell structured La0.6Sr0.4MnO3nanoparticles with amorphous shells and ferromagnetic cores have been prepared. The magnetic, dielectric and microwave absorption properties are investigated in the frequency range from 1 to 12 GHz. An optimal reflection loss of −41.1 dB is reached at 8.2 GHz with a matching thickness of 2.2 mm, the bandwidth with a reflection loss less than −10 dB is obtained in the 5.5–11.3 GHz range for absorber thicknesses of 1.5–2.5 mm. The excellent microwave absorption properties are a consequence of the better electromagnetic matching due to the existence of the protective amorphous shells, the ferromagnetic cores, as well as the particular core/shell microstructure. As a result, the La0.6Sr0.4MnO3nanoparticles with amorphous shells and ferromagnetic cores may become attractive candidates for the new types of electromagnetic wave absorption materials.
Red algal cellular biomass lowers circulating cholesterol concentrations in Syrian golden hamsters consuming hypercholesterolaemic diets
Authors: Harding Scott V. , Zhao Hai Lin , Marinangeli Christopher P. F. , Day Anthony G. , Dillon Harrison F. , Jain Deepak , Jones Peter J. H. 
Published: June 2009

Preliminary evidence suggests that consumption ofPorphyridium cruentum(PC) biomass results in hypocholesterolaemic effects; however, mechanisms responsible have not been elucidated. The aim of the present study was to determine whether PC biomass lowers circulating cholesterol concentrations, dose dependently, in hamsters fed hypercholesterolaemic diets for 28 d and determine whether cholesterol biosynthesis is affected. Biomass added to diets at 2·5, 5 and 10 % resulted in 14, 38 and 53 % reductions (P < 0·001) in total plasma cholesterol, respectively, compared with a control diet. Similarly, non-HDL-cholesterol concentrations in the 5 and 10 % PC groups were reduced (P < 0·001) 28 and 45 %, respectively,v.controls. These effects were unrelated to cholesterol fractional synthesis rate (FSR), as this did not differ between either treatment or control animals. PC consumption had no effect on food intake, plasma glucose concentrations or energy expenditure, but percentage of body fat was lower (P < 0·001) in the 5 and 10 % PC groups compared with controls. These data show that PC reduces total plasma cholesterol and non-HDL-cholesterol when incorporated into the diet at levels as low as 2·5 %. The mechanism of action for this reduction may be related to increased excretion since food intakes and cholesterol FSR were not reduced in the animals receiving the PC. In conclusion, the use of PC biomass reduces circulating cholesterol, dose dependently, in hypercholesterolaemic hamsters but not via reductions in cholesterol FSR. There is potential for the use of this biomass as a functional ingredient to aid in the management of blood cholesterol concentrations.
New material of dsungaripterid pterosaurs (Pterosauria: Pterodactyloidea) from western Mongolia and its palaeoecological implications
Authors: LÜ JUNCHANG , AZUMA YOICHI , DONG ZHIMING , BARSBOLD RINCHEN , KOBAYASHI YOSHITSUGU , LEE YUONG-NAM 
Published: June 2009

AbstractNew material of dsungaripterid pterosaurs from the Early Cretaceous of Tatal, western Mongolia, allows the diagnoses of Dsungaripteridae andNoripterusto be amended. All pterosaurs found at Tatal belong to Dsungaripteridae (eitherDsungaripterusorNoripterus). The namePhobetoris a junior synonym ofNoripterus. The differing shapes of the anterior tips of skulls, differing tooth morphologies and the coexistence of bothDsungaripterusandNoripterusmay imply that they occupied distinct ecological niches.
Skeletal carbonate productivity and phosphogenesis at the lower–middle Cambrian transition of Scania, southern Sweden
Authors: ÁLVARO J. JAVIER , AHLBERG PER , AXHEIMER NIKLAS 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe lower–middle Cambrian transitional interval of Scania is largely represented by condensed limestone beds, lithostratigraphically grouped in the Gislöv Formation (1–5.7 m thick), and the Forsemölla and Exsulans Limestone beds (lower part of the Alum Shale Formation, up to 4 m thick). The strata display a combination of skeletal carbonate productivity, episodic nucleation of phosphate hardground nodules, and polyphase reworking recorded on a platform bordering the NW corner of Baltica. The shell accumulations can be subdivided into three deepening-upward parasequences, separated by distinct erosive unconformities. The parasequences correspond biostratigraphically to theHolmia kjerulfi,Ornamentaspis?linnarssoniandPtychagnostus gibbuszones, the latter two generally being separated by a stratigraphic gap that includes the middle CambrianAcadoparadoxides oelandicusSuperzone. Except for the Exsulans Limestone, the carbonates reflect development of a prolific epibenthic biota, dominated by filter-feeding nonreefal chancelloriid–echinoderm–sponge meadows, rich in trilobites and brachiopods, and which were subjected to high-energy conditions. The absence of microbial mats or veneers encrusting the erosive surfaces of these event-concentration low-relief shoal complexes may be related to long hiatal episodes resulting in microboring proliferation. High levels of nutrient supply resulted in high primary productivity, eutrophic conditions, glauconite precipitation, phosphogenesis (in some case microbially mediated) and microendolithic infestation. An early-diagenetic mildly reducing environment is suggested by the presence of authigenic (subsequently reworked) pyrite, which contrasts with the syndepositional normal oxygenated conditions reflected by macroburrowing and the abundance of benthic fossils.
Nasopharyngeal amyloidosis: an unusual cause for epistaxis
Authors: Oluk M A , Murphy J 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjective:We report the first case of nasal and nasopharyngeal amyloidosis secondary to multiple myeloma; this case also represents the fourth report of systemic nasal or nasopharyngeal amyloidosis.Method:Case report and review of the world literature concerning nasal and nasopharyngeal amyloidosis epidemiology, presentation and management.Results:Nasal and nasopharyngeal amyloidosis is rare. The presentation, clinical course and treatment are discussed for the presented patient. The amyloid tumour, which recurred in correlation with the progressive transformation of the multiple myeloma, was treated surgically. Subsequent localised radiotherapy decreased the size and growth rate of the tumour.Conclusion:Amyloid should be considered as a cause of resistant or recurrent epistaxis provided a mass lesion is seen on radiological imaging. Radiotherapy may be a treatment option in nasal and nasopharyngeal amyloidosis.
Solar coronal heating by plasma waves
Authors: BINGHAM R. , SHUKLA P. K. , ELIASSON B. , STENFLO L. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe solar coronal plasma is maintained at temperatures of millions of degrees, much hotter than the photosphere, which is at a temperature of just 6000 K. In this paper, the plasma particle heating based on the kinetic theory of wave–particle interactions involving kinetic Alfvén waves and lower-hybrid drift modes is presented. The solar coronal plasma is collisionless and therefore the heating must rely on turbulent wave heating models, such as lower-hybrid drift models at reconnection sites or the kinetic Alfvén waves. These turbulent wave modes are created by a variety of instabilities driven from below. The transition region at altitudes of about 2000 km is an important boundary chromosphere, since it separates the collision-dominated photosphere/chromosphere and the collisionless corona. The collisionless plasma of the corona is ideal for supporting kinetic wave–plasma interactions. Wave–particle interactions lead to anisotropic non-Maxwellian plasma distribution functions, which may be investigated by using spectral analysis procedures being developed at the present time.
The Planning And Implementation Of A Parent Training Group To Teach Child Management
Authors: Geddes Rosemary , Petts Ann 
Published: June 2009

The following discussion relates our experience of teaching behavioural techniques of child management to single-parent mothers. We found that these mothers were able to conceptualize the theories of child behaviour and apply them successfully to their own children through the use of behavioural programmes.In teaching behavioural techniques to parents we had the following aims in mind:1. To initiate behavioural change2. To maintain behavioural change3. To foster the group members' ability to anticipate future problems and to deal with these with the minimum of professional advice. Firmer control of their children would result in greater feelings of self confidence for the mothers.