bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Signalling pathways involved in sildenafil‐induced relaxation of human bladder dome smooth muscle
Authors: Oger S , Behr‐Roussel D , Gorny D , Lebret T , Validire P , Cathelineau X , Alexandre L , Giuliano F 
Published: March 2010

Background and purpose:  The mechanism(s) of action responsible for the beneficial effects of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors including sildenafil on lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostate hyperplasia are unclear. In particular, the role of the NO‐cGMP signalling pathway in regulating human bladder dome smooth muscle relaxation is questionable. Thus, we assessed the ability of a PDE5 inhibitor, sildenafil, to relax such tissue, and identified the signalling pathways involved in this relaxation.Experimental approach:  Human bladder samples were obtained from 20 patients with no overactive bladder undergoing cystectomy for bladder cancer. Detrusor strips were mounted isometrically in Krebs–HEPES solution. Concentration–response curves for sildenafil (10 nM–30 µM) were generated in the presence of various inhibitors on carbachol‐induced pre‐contraction.Key results:  Sildenafil relaxed carbachol‐pre‐contracted human detrusor strips, starting at 3 µM. This effect was not modified by NO donors, S‐nitroso‐N‐acetylpenicillamine (10 µM) or sodium nitroprusside (300 nM), but was significantly inhibited by inhibition of guanylate cyclase (with ODQ, 10 µM) or adenylyl cyclase (with MDL‐12,330A, 10 µM), by the ATP‐sensitive potassium channel inhibitor, glibenclamide (10 µM), or inhibition of the large (with iberiotoxin, 30 nM) or small (with apamin, 100 nM) conductance calcium‐activated potassium channels.Conclusions and implications:  Sildenafil‐induced relaxation of human detrusor smooth muscle involved cGMP‐, cAMP‐ and K+ channel‐dependent signalling pathways, with a minor contribution from NO. The effect of this sildenafil‐induced relaxation on the clinical benefit of PDE5 inhibitors on urinary storage symptoms in men deserves further investigation.
Interest operators for feature‐based matching in close range photogrammetry
Authors: Jazayeri Ida , Fraser Clive S. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAlthough automated object surface reconstruction via feature‐based matching is commonly employed in both stereoscopic close range and topographic photogrammetry, it has rarely been used in conjunction with multi‐image, convergent photogrammetric networks. A prerequisite for feature‐based matching of distinct points is the application of interest operators to provide the dense arrays of candidate feature points within the images forming the network. This paper describes an evaluation of three interest operators, the Förstner, SUSAN and FAST algorithms, the aim being to assess which is optimal for feature‐based matching in convergent close range photogrammetry. Following a brief review of the development of interest operators, a description of the three operators is provided, with the recently developed FAST operator being discussed in more detail. The merits of image pre‐processing via the Wallis filter are also outlined, after which the performance of the interest operators is experimentally assessed within an eight‐image network on the basis of accuracy of interest‐point localisation, detection rate and speed. The findings of the evaluation are that, of the Förstner, SUSAN and FAST operators, the FAST, which has not been employed to a significant extent in photogrammetry to date, is optimal for feature‐based matching in multi‐image close range networks.
Digital camera performance where spatial resolution is determined by the optical component
Authors: Thomson Grant H. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe spatial resolution attributed to digital cameras is usually based on the number or size of the pixels in the sensor. On closer examination it can often be shown that the real limit to the level of detail recorded by a camera will in practice be due to the performance of the optical system. An example of how this happens is given with a comparison between two satellite camera systems.
Blood donors with hereditary hemochromatosis
Authors: Røsvik Anne S. , Ulvik Rune J. , Wentzel‐Larsen Tore , Hervig Tor 
Published: March 2010

BACKGROUND: The distribution of C282Y and H63D variants of the HFE gene was determined in donors with evidence of phenotypical hemochromatosis. The ferritin level and the effect of a donation on iron status in the different HFE genotypes were studied.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Forty women and 107 men with hemochromatosis were compared to HFE wild‐type donors. The influence of a blood donation was assessed by the change in ferritin between two consecutive donations.RESULTS: In women and men, 85 and 59%, respectively, were C282Y homozygote. None of the women had H63D alleles. There was no significant difference in the donation history or the ferritin level between the HFE genotypes. Donation frequencies were, respectively, 3.3 and 3.7 per year for women and men. The ferritin level was significantly higher in women with hemochromatosis, while in men it was similar compared to the respective wild types. The negative influence of a donation on iron status was similar in hemochromatotic and wild‐type women, while men with hemochromatosis were significantly less vulnerable to a blood donation than genetically wild‐type men.CONCLUSION: Subjects with hemochromatosis are valuable as blood donors independent of their HFE genotype. In general, the ferritin level tended to be higher in those with hemochromatosis than in wild types. The negative influence of a blood donation on iron status was less in male donors with hemochromatosis than in wild types.
The Evolution of Relevance
Authors: Scott‐Phillips Thomas C. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWith human language, the same utterance can have different meanings in different contexts. Nevertheless, listeners almost invariably converge upon the correct intended meaning. The classic Gricean explanation of how this is achieved posits the existence of four maxims of conversation, which speakers are assumed to follow. Armed with this knowledge, listeners are able to interpret utterances in a contextually sensible way. This account enjoys wide acceptance, but it has not gone unchallenged. Specifically, Relevance Theory offers an explicitly cognitive account of utterance interpretation that presents a radical challenge to the neo‐Gricean paradigm. Evolutionary considerations are one way in which we can choose between competing theories. A simple game‐theoretic model of the evolution of communication is presented, and it is used to derive a number of basic qualities that will be satisfied by all evolved communication systems. These qualities are observed to precisely predict the foundational principles of Relevance Theory. The model thus provides biological support for that enterprise in general, and for the plausibility of the cognitive mechanisms that it describes in particular.
INTRODUCCIÓN
Authors: OSTERMAN Paul 
Published: March 2010

Resumen.Los artículos que componen el presente número monográfico de la Revista Internacional del Trabajo son fruto de un proyecto ambicioso de investigación comparada de ámbito internacional sobre el trabajo retribuido con salario bajo, que fue sufragado por la Fundación Russell Sage. El coordinador de la entrega, Paul Osterman, tras hacer un breve resumen de las razones de la investigación y de la metodología empleada, explica la validez que puede tener ésta para trazar unas políticas públicas acertadas con el fin de mejorar la calidad del empleo en la franja inferior del mercado laboral.
Comercio minorista de los Países Bajos. Salarios bajos y moderación salarial
Authors: VAN KLAVEREN Maarten , SALVERDA Wiemer , TIJDENS Kea 
Published: March 2010

Resumen.La moderación salarial es consustancial al «modelo socioeconómico neerlandés» desde el decenio de 1980. El trabajo de remuneración baja se ha difundido mucho al calor del descenso de los salarios mínimos, a la vez que se refrenaban los ingresos y el consumo. Ello ha deprimido la demanda en el comercio minorista, cuya fuerza de trabajo — y, sobre todo, muchos jóvenes dentro de la misma — practica a menudo la jornada parcial retribuida con un salario modesto. Las remuneraciones bajas son un factor que reduce la calidad del trabajo. El fenómeno se ha agravado por los salarios mínimos reservados a los jóvenes y por el sistema de becas que les permite estudiar y trabajar. La crisis actual puede frustrar el incipiente retorno a la profesionalidad.
¿Mejoraría el trabajo de remuneración baja un sistema salarial más incluyente? Estudio de los hospitales británicos
Authors: GRIMSHAW Damian 
Published: March 2010

Resumen.Las investigaciones internacionales han puesto de manifiesto la importancia de las instituciones en la estructura salarial de una economía. Un estudio acerca de siete hospitales públicos del Reino Unido corrobora que un sistema de fijación de salarios centralizado beneficia a las auxiliares de enfermería y a las limpiadoras, sobre todo si las condiciones pactadas en el sector público se extienden a los trabajadores empleados por subcontratistas. La renovación salarial sienta las bases para que desaparezca el trabajo con salario bajo. Y, a fin de que los trabajadores tomen la senda del perfeccionamiento profesional, los establecimientos deben concebir unos puestos nuevos y más cualificados y facilitar las carreras individuales en su seno.
Osteotome sinus floor elevation with or without grafting: a preliminary clinical trial
Authors: Lai Hong Chang , Zhuang Long‐Fei , Lv Xiao‐Fei , Zhang Zhi‐Yong , Zhang Yun‐Xin , Zhang Zhi‐Yuan 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectives: This clinical trial aimed (1) to evaluate the predictability of the osteotome sinus floor elevation (OSFE) technique, (2) to study the influence of simultaneous grafting on the clinical success of placing dental implants in the posterior maxilla using OSFE and (3) to observe the bone changes in the elevated space with OSFE without grafting.Material and methods: Two hundred and eighty Straumann® implants were placed in the posterior maxillae of 202 patients using OSFE. One hundred and ninety‐one implants were placed in 125 patients without grafting. The implants were allowed to heal for 3–4 months for non‐grafted implants and for 6–8 months for grafted cases. For radiographic analyses, periapical and panoramic radiographs were taken of 30 implants at 3 and 9 months to assess the bone changes for the elevated sites without grafting.Results: Two hundred and sixty‐eight of 280 implants fulfilling the survival criteria represented a cumulative survival rate of 95.71%. The residual bone height (RBH) was 5.6±2.5 mm for the non‐grafted group and 4.7±2.1 mm for the grafted group. The perforation rate was 4.29%. No significant differences were found between the two groups in RBH, survival rate or membrane perforation rate. The radiographic analyses demonstrated that new bone formation in the elevated sinus was visible and the endo‐sinus bone gain was 2.26±0.92 mm and 2.66±0.87 mm at 3‐ and 9‐ month follow‐up, respectively. Crestal bone loss (CBL) was 0.89±0.5 and 1.2±0.48 mm at 3 and 9 months. For the two test groups, RBH did not have a significant influence on the survival of the implants. At the 9‐month follow‐up, the endo‐sinus bone gain and CBL were not significantly correlated to RBH. The implant protrusion length was significantly correlated to the endo‐sinus bone gain.Conclusions: The findings of this study indicated that uneventful osseointegration may be predictable on applying OSFE whether with or without grafting in atrophic posterior maxilla. Spontaneous new bone formation seemed to be expected with implants placed using OSFE without simultaneous grafting. To cite this article:
Lai H‐C, Zhuang L‐F, Lv X‐F, Zhang Z‐Y, Zhang Y‐X, Zhang Z‐Y. Osteotome sinus floor elevation with or without grafting: a preliminary clinical trial. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21, 2010; 520–526. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2009.01889.x
Clinical and histomorphometric evaluation of extraction sockets treated with an autologous bone marrow graft
Authors: Pelegrine André Antonio , Da Costa Carlos Eduardo Sorgi , Correa Maria Elvira Pizzigatti , Marques José Francisco Comenalli 
Published: March 2010

AbstractPurpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of an autologous bone marrow graft in preserving the alveolar ridges following tooth extraction.Materials: Thirteen patients requiring extractions of 30 upper anterior teeth were enrolled in this study. They were randomized into two groups: seven patients with 15 teeth to be extracted in the test group and six patients with 15 teeth to be extracted in the control group. Hematologists collected 5 ml of bone marrow from the iliac crest of the patients in the test group immediately before the extractions. Following tooth extraction and elevation of a buccal full‐thickness flap, titanium screws were positioned throughout the buccal to the lingual plate and were used as reference points for measurement purposes. The sockets were grafted with an autologous bone marrow in the test sites and nothing was grafted in the control sites. After 6 months, the sites were re‐opened and bone loss measurements for thickness and height were taken. Additionally, before implant placement, bone cores were harvested and prepared for histologic and histomorphometric evaluation.Results: The test group showed better results (P<0.05) in preserving alveolar ridges for thickness, with 1.14±0.87 mm (median 1) of bone loss, compared with the control group, which had 2.46±0.4 mm (median 2.5) of bone loss. The height of bone loss on the buccal plate was also greater in the control group than in the test group (P<0.05), 1.17±0.26 mm (median 1) and 0.62+0.51 (median 0.5), respectively. In five locations in the control group, expansion or bone grafting complementary procedures were required to install implants while these procedures were not required for any of the locations in the test group. The histomorphometric analysis showed similar amounts of mineralized bone in both the control and the test groups, 42.87±11.33% (median 43.75%) and 45.47±7.21% (median 45%), respectively.Conclusion: These findings suggest that the autologous bone marrow graft can contribute to alveolar bone repair after tooth extraction. To cite this article:
Pelegrine AA, da Costa CES, Correa MEP, Marques JFC Jr. Clinical and histomorphometric evaluation of extraction sockets treated with an autologous bone marrow graft. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21, 2010; 535–542. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2009.01891.x
Do elderly edentulous patients with a history of periodontitis harbor periodontal pathogens?
Authors: Fernandes Camila Borges , Aquino Davi Romeiro , Franco Gilson Cesar Nobre , Cortelli Sheila Cavalca , Costa Fernando Oliveira , Cortelli José Roberto 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectives: The presence of periodontal pathogens in the oral cavity may impact implant survival. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of Campylobacter rectus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, Eikenella corrodens and Parvimonas micra in a specific elderly population with a history of periodontitis who have never worn dentures.Material and methods: Thirty dentate subjects (mean age 61.7±7.05 years) and 30 edentulous subjects (mean age 65.8±8.05 years) were included in this cross‐sectional study. Microbiological samples of cheek mucosa and the dorsum of the tongue were taken from all subjects. In addition, sulcus samples were taken from the dentate group. All samples were analysed using a bacterial DNA‐specific polymerase chain reaction.Results: All the pathogens studied were detected in dentate and edentulous subjects. When cheek and tongue samples were combined, C. rectus, A. actinomycetemcomitans and E. corrodens presented with a similar prevalence in both groups, whereas the other species were more prevalent specifically in the dentate group (P<0.05). In dentate subjects, P. intermedia and T. denticola were present in higher frequencies in the cheek mucosa (26.67% and 66.67%, respectively), whereas P. gingivalis and T. forsythia were more prevalent in the tongue samples (26.67% and 56.67%, respectively).Conclusions: Periodontal pathogens may persist in the oral cavity of edentulous subjects who have had periodontal disease, even 1 year after the extraction of all teeth and in the absence of other hard surfaces in the mouth. To cite this article:
Fernandes CB, Aquino DR, Franco GCN, Cortelli SC, Costa FO, Cortelli JR. Do elderly edentulous patients with a history of periodontitis harbor periodontal pathogens? Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21, 2010; 618–623. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2009.01892.x
Innovative educational methods and technologies applicable to continuing professional development in periodontology
Authors: Mattheos N. , Schoonheim‐Klein M. , Walmsley A. D. , Chapple I. L. C. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractContinuous professional development (CPD) in Periodontology refers to the overall framework of opportunities that facilitate a life‐long learning practice, driven by the learner‐practitioner and supported by a variety of institutions and individuals. CPD must address different needs for a great diversity of practitioners. It is clear that no particular methodology or technology is able to successfully accommodate the entire spectrum of CPD in Periodontology. Course designers must choose from and combine a wide array of methodologies and technologies, depending upon the needs of the learners and the objectives of the intended education. Research suggests that ‘interactivity’, ‘flexibility’, ‘continuity’ and ‘relevance to learners’ practice’ are major characteristics of successful CPD. Various methods of mentoring, peer‐learning environments and work‐based learning have been combined with reflective practice and self‐study to form the methodological backbone of CPD courses. Blended learning encompasses a wide array of technologies and methodologies and has been successfully used in CPD courses. Internet‐based content learning management systems, portable Internet devices, powerful databases and search engines, together with initiatives such as ‘open access’ and ‘open courseware’ provide an array of effective instructional and communication tools. Assessment remains a key issue in CPD, providing learners with valuable feedback and it ensures the credibility and effectiveness of the learning process. Assessment is a multi‐level process using different methods for different learning outcomes, as directed by current evidence and best practices. Finally, quality assurance of the education provided must follow CPD courses at all times through a structured and credible process.
Sepsis in acute myeloid leukaemia patients receiving high‐dose chemotherapy: No impact of chitotriosidase and mannose‐binding lectin polymorphisms
Authors: Klostergaard Anja , Steffensen Rudi , Møller Jens K. , Peterslund Niels , Juhl‐Christensen Caroline , Mølle Ingolf 
Published: March 2010

AbstractInfections after chemotherapy often cause significant morbidity in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Chitotriosidase (CHIT) and mannose‐binding lectin (MBL) are part of the innate immune system. Polymorphism in the CHIT‐coding gene (CHIT1) may be associated with Gram‐negative sepsis in children with AML, and polymorphism in the MBL‐coding gene (MBL2) seems to modify the risk of infections in several patient groups. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible associations between polymorphisms in CHIT1, MBL2 and sepsis in adult patients treated with high‐dose chemotherapy for AML. We included 190 patients treated with 526 cycles of chemotherapy. The follow‐up period was 6 months from the diagnosis of AML. Prophylactic antibiotics were not used. We identified 604 febrile episodes with 246 episodes of sepsis. Thirty‐two patients (17%) either died from infection or infection was a major concomitant factor for death. No significant associations between CHIT1 polymorphism and sepsis (P = 0.85) or death caused by sepsis (P = 0.14) were found. Furthermore, no significant associations between MBL2 polymorphism and sepsis (P = 0.76) or death caused by sepsis (P = 0.24) were observed. The severe and long‐lasting neutropenia and mucositis after chemotherapy may explain why the MBL system does not protect against sepsis in patients with AML. Replacement therapy with recombinant MBL is not likely to decrease the risk of sepsis in patients with AML.
Functional response and size‐dependent foraging on aquatic and terrestrial prey by brown trout (Salmo trutta L.)
Authors: Gustafsson P. , Bergman E. , Greenberg L. A. 
Published: March 2010

Gustafsson P, Bergman E, Greenberg LA. Functional response and size‐dependent foraging on aquatic and terrestrial prey by brown trout (Salmo trutta L.).Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2010: 19: 170–177. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/SAbstract –  Terrestrial invertebrate subsidies are believed to be important energy sources for drift‐feeding salmonids. Despite this, size‐specific use of and efficiency in procuring this resource have not been studied to any great extent. Therefore, we measured the functional responses of three size classes of wild brown trout Salmo trutta (0+, 1+ and ≥2+) when fed either benthic‐ (Gammarus sp.) or surface‐drifting prey (Musca domestica) in laboratory experiments. To test for size‐specific prey preferences, both benthic and surface prey were presented simultaneously by presenting the fish with a constant density of benthic prey and a variable density of surface prey. The results showed that the functional response of 0+ trout differed significantly from the larger size classes, with 0+ fish having the lowest capture rates. Capture rates did not differ significantly between prey types. In experiments when both prey items were presented simultaneously, capture rate differed significantly between size classes, with larger trout having higher capture rates than smaller trout. However, capture rates within each size class did not change with prey density or prey composition. The two‐prey experiments also showed that 1+ trout ate significantly more surface‐drifting prey than 0+ trout. In contrast, there was no difference between 0+ and ≥2+ trout. Analyses of the vertical position of the fish in the water column corroborated size‐specific foraging results: larger trout remained in the upper part of the water column between attacks on surface prey more often than smaller trout, which tended to seek refuge at the bottom between attacks. These size‐specific differences in foraging and vertical position suggest that larger trout may be able to use surface‐drifting prey to a greater extent than smaller conspecifics.