bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Holocene alluvial sequences, cumulic soils and fire signatures in the middle Rio Puerco basin at Guadalupe Ruin, New Mexico
Authors: French Charles , Periman Richard , Cummings Linda Scott , Hall Stephen , Goodman‐Elgar Melissa , Boreham Julie 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe describe a geoarchaeological survey of a 5‐km reach of the Rio Puerco channel and its tributaries, centered on the Guadalupe Ruin, a pueblo of the late 10th–12th centuries A.D. in north‐central New Mexico, with associated pollen, charcoal, micromorphological, and radiocarbon analyses. Severe erosion has drastically bisected the Puerco valley with four primary arroyos entering the western side of the Guadalupe reach of the valley: Tapia, Salado, Guadalupe and “No Name.” We recorded an 11‐m‐tall alluvial sequence marked by four phases of cumulic soil development, interrupted by six major periods of channel entrenchment that occurred at about 4100–3700 B.C. and 2900–2400 B.C., between 2200 B.C. and ca. A.D. 400, pre‐ and post‐ca. A.D. 900–1300, and in the late A.D. 1800s. Relative floodplain stability and associated cumulic soil development occurred prior to ca. 5700 B.C., between ca. 2600 to 2200 B.C. and A.D. 350 and 550, and ca. A.D. 900–1300. Multiple signatures of fires (oxidized sediment and charcoal) were observed in the Arroyo Tapia tributary sequence, especially in deposits dated ca. 6000 and 2600 B.C. These fires may have helped to enhance food resources for game animals by encouraging grass and shrub growth and/or to increase the growth of wild plants and eventually cultigens such as maize. Palynological evidence of maize in the Arroyo Tapia, dated ca. 2600–2200 B.C. may be the earliest thus far identified in the Southwest. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A micromorphological and mineralogical study of site formation processes at the late Pleistocene site of Obi‐Rakhmat, Uzbekistan
Authors: Mallol Carolina , Mentzer Susan M. , Wrinn Patrick J. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractSite formation processes at the Late Pleistocene rockshelter deposit of Obi‐Rakhmat were reconstructed through soil micromorphology and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The entire sequence has undergone limited diagenesis and is well preserved. The base of the stratified sequence represents a karstic setting with intermittent, low‐energy deposition of autochthonous gravitational debris and anthropogenic material in a wet, muddy environment. These sediments were post‐depositionally affected by episodic waterlogging. The bulk of the sequence overlying the karstic layers comprises a continuous series of primary freshwater spring deposits containing reworked anthropogenic material that was buried penecontemporaneously with calcium carbonate deposition. The top of the sequence is weakly cryoturbated, indicating a periodically cold, wet environment. No alluvial elements that could suggest sediment inputs from the nearby river terraces were documented. A single exogenous layer was identified, representing an episode of colluviation from directly above the rockshelter preceding a major roofspall event. The basal part of the sequence contains slightly reworked anthropogenic remnants of intense activities, including combustion. The anthropogenic elements present in the spring deposits show higher degrees of reworking, suggesting within‐layer translocation. The development of spring activity at the site did not cause humans to abandon the rockshelter; they continued to carry out their activities throughout a changing local environment. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Detection of a low‐relief 18th‐century British siege trench using LiDAR vegetation penetration capabilities at Fort Beauséjour–Fort Cumberland National Historic Site, Canada
Authors: Millard Koreen , Burke Charles , Stiff Douglas , Redden Anna 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAirborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), a remote sensing data collection technique, has many applications in the field of archaeology, including aiding in the planning of field campaigns, mapping features beneath forest canopy, and providing an overview of broad, continuous features that may be indistinguishable on the ground. LiDAR was used to create a high‐resolution digital elevation model (DEM) in a heavily vegetated area at Fort Beauséjour–Fort Cumberland National Historic Site, Canada. Previously undiscovered archaeological features were mapped that were related to the siege of the fort in 1755. Features that could not be distinguished on the ground or through aerial photography were identified by overlaying hillshades of the DEM created with artificial illumination from various angles. LiDAR provides accurate digital topographic models with the additional benefit of mapping vertical surfaces in accurate detail below the forest canopy. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Imidazolium‐based phosphinite ionic liquid as reusable catalyst and solvent for one‐pot synthesis of 3,4‐dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ (thio)ones
Authors: Valizadeh Hassan , Shockravi Abbas 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA mild and efficient procedure for the synthesis of 3,4‐dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐(thio)ones in phosphinite ionic liquid is described. This ionic liquid plays a dual role as both the reaction media and also a catalyst, which can be easily recovered and reused in several runs. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 20:284–288, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20549
Testing the Fetal Origins Hypothesis in a developing country: evidence from the 1918 Influenza Pandemic
Authors: Nelson Richard E. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe 1918 Influenza Pandemic is used as a natural experiment to test the Fetal Origins Hypothesis. This hypothesis states that individual health as well as socioeconomic outcomes, such as educational attainment, employment status, and wages, are affected by the health of that individual while in utero. Repeated cross sections from the Pesquisa Mensal de Emprego (PME), a labor market survey from Brazil, are used to test this hypothesis. I find evidence to support the Fetal Origins Hypothesis. In particular, compared to individuals born in the few years surrounding the Influenza Pandemic, those who were in utero during the pandemic are less likely to be college educated, be employed, have formal employment, or know how to read and have fewer years of schooling and a lower hourly wage. These results underscore the importance of fetal health especially in developing countries. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Postoperative hypocalcemia—The difference a definition makes
Authors: Mehanna Hisham M. , Jain Anurag , Randeva Harpal , Watkinson John , Shaha Ashok 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackgroundReview of the literature reveals considerable variability in the definitions and criteria used for reporting postoperative hypocalcemia. The lack of standardization prevents a meaningful comparison of results and performance locally with the national standard. It also prevents the pooling of data when performing meta‐analysis, and may affect the comparison of research results.MethodsA literature review was performed to identify the different definitions used to define hypocalcemia in post‐thyroidectomy patients. We analyzed the incidence of hypocalcemia in the same cohort of 202 post thyroidectomy patients using these definitions.ResultsThe reported hypocalcemia rates varied from 0% to 46% for the same cohort depending on the definition of hypocalcemia used. Only one‐third of biochemically hypocalcemic patients requested calcium supplementation.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the need for more uniformity and standardization in the definitions used for reporting hypocalcemia rates. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
CO2 laser therapy in Tis and T1 glottic cancer: Indications and results
Authors: Rucci Lucio , Romagnoli Paolo , Scala Jacopo 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackground.Laser cordectomy for glottic cancer is still hampered by recurrence, which is more frequent upon anterior commissure (AC) involvement. Analysis of results may be a step to improve the efficacy of this therapy for early glottic cancer.Methods.In all, 81 patients who underwent surgery with CO2 laser for Tis and T1, AC0 to AC2 glottic carcinoma were followed up to 55 months.Results.The incidence of recurrence increased significantly with T and AC classifications. The disease‐free interval decreased with increasing T and AC classifications and with increasing severity of histology, but only the AC classification appeared significant. Recurrences occurred in 5 of 35 patients upon type I and type II cordectomy, in 16 of 24 patients upon type V cordectomy, and never upon type III and IV cordectomy.Conclusions.Type I to type IV cordectomy, when indicated, can achieve radical treatment of most T1 glottic cancer. Type V cordectomy requires that any suspicion of cartilage invasion, even microscopic, be excluded. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Outcomes of patients with tonsillar carcinoma treated with post‐tonsillectomy radiation therapy
Authors: Yildirim Gokcen , Morrison William H. , Rosenthal David I. , Sturgis Erich M. , Papadimitrakopoulou Vassiliki A. , Schwartz David L. , Garden Adam S. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackground.Our aim was to evaluate the therapeutic outcomes of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil that underwent tonsillectomies followed by radiotherapy.Methods.A search of the database maintained within the Department of Radiation Oncology at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center identified 120 patients with carcinoma of the tonsil who were irradiated between 1979 and 2004 following total gross removal of their disease by tonsillectomy.Results.Thirty‐six patients had stage III disease and 64 patients had stage IV disease. Only 12 patients received systemic chemotherapy. With median follow‐up of 51 months, the 5‐year local‐regional control rate, recurrence‐free survival rate, and overall survival rates were 97%, 92%, and 86%, respectively.Conclusion.Patients who undergo tonsillectomies resulting in total gross removal of their primary disease followed by radiation have excellent outcomes. Our common practice is to deliver 66 Gy to the tonsillar bed. This practice has resulted in extremely high local control rates. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Postoperative radiotherapy for primary early oral tongue cancer with pathologic N1 neck
Authors: Chen Tseng‐Cheng , Wang Chi‐Te , Ko Jenq‐Yuh , Lou Pei‐Jen , Yang Tsung‐Lin , Ting Lai‐Lei , Wang Chun‐Wei , Hu Ya‐Ling , Wang Cheng‐Ping 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe benefit of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) for early squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue (SCCOT) with pathologic N1 disease remains unclear.MethodsThe medical records of all patients with pathologic T1‐2/N0‐1 SCCOT who underwent wide excision of the primary tumor and neck dissection between 1980 and 2002 were reviewed.ResultsThere were 59 patients analyzed, including 28 patients with and 31 patients without PORT. The 5‐year disease‐free survival rates were 81.2% and 53% for the patients with and without PORT, respectively (p = .03). The overall 5‐year survival rates were 77% and 70.5% for the patients with and without PORT, respectively (p = .36). Multivariate analyses showed that PORT had the only protective effect (p = .01) and extracapsular spread (ECS) was the only significantly adverse factor for locoregional recurrence (p = .03).ConclusionsApproximately one‐third of the patients who received only surgery had locoregional recurrence. PORT significantly improved the disease‐free survival. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Impact of demographics, tumor characteristics, and treatment factors on swallowing after (chemo)radiotherapy for head and neck cancer
Authors: Frowen Jacqui , Cotton Susan , Corry June , Perry Alison 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackgroundThis prospective study evaluated the impact of patient demographics, tumor characteristics, and radiotherapy treatment on swallowing before and after radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy.MethodsEighty‐one patients with head and neck cancer were examined using videofluoroscopy swallowing studies (VFSS) before treatment and again at 3 and 6 months after treatment.ResultsSwallowing was best at baseline, significantly worse 3 months posttreatment, and improved by 6 months posttreatment. Worse swallowing was associated with: living in rural areas; ex‐heavy alcohol consumption; hypopharyngeal tumor site; large (particularly T4) tumors; nonconformal radiotherapy; bilateral radiation to the pharynx; and longer radiotherapy fields. Through the use of multiple regression analysis, previous swallowing was determined to be the most common predictor of swallowing outcomes, followed by T classification, alcohol history, and radiotherapy technique.ConclusionsThe pretreatment and treatment factors that influenced swallowing in this cohort should be considered when planning treatment, in discussing potential side effects with patients, and when developing and testing future treatment techniques. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Never‐smokers, never‐drinkers: Unique clinical subgroup of young patients with head and neck squamous cell cancers
Authors: Harris Stephen L. , Kimple Randall J. , Hayes D. Neil , Couch Marion E. , Rosenman Julian G. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackground.Young patients represent an increasing subgroup with head and neck cancer.Methods.Patients between 18 and 39 years of age with newly diagnosed and previously untreated squamous cell cancers were identified.Results.Seventy‐eight patients met the selection criteria: 28 patients were never‐smokers/never‐drinkers (NSNDs), and 50 patients reported tobacco or alcohol abuse (smokers and/or drinkers [SD]). NSND patients were diagnosed at a younger median age (31.5 years vs 35.5 years, p = .007), were more likely to be female (75% vs 30%, p < .001) and white (89% vs 60%, p = .006), and were more likely to have tumors of the oral tongue (57% vs 24%, p = .003) and T1 disease (47% vs 20%, p = .01). There was no difference in 10‐year relapse‐free survival, but a suggestion of improved 10‐year overall survival for NSND patients (71% vs 46%, p = .10).Conclusions.Young patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) appear to have unique clinical profiles based on history of alcohol and tobacco abuse. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Benefit of measuring basal serum calcitonin to detect medullary thyroid carcinoma in a Danish population with a high prevalence of thyroid nodules
Authors: Hasselgren Martin , Hegedüs Laszlo , Godballe Christian , Bonnema Steen Joop 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackgroundRoutine measurement of serum calcitonin to detect medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) continues to be fiercely debated, although less attention has been paid to the positive predictive value (PPV) of this method.MethodsWe collected data from 959 patients with nontoxic nodular goiter; thyroidectomy was performed in 307 of these patients.ResultsThirty‐nine patients had elevated serum calcitonin; 6 of these patients had MTC detected by the initial diagnostic setup. No additional patient in the cohort was registered in the Danish Thyroid Cancer Database, reflecting that all patients with MTC were classified correctly initially. The sensitivity of serum calcitonin for detection of MTC was 100%, the specificity was 95.3%, the positive predictive value was 15.4%, and the negative predictive value was 100%.ConclusionSerum calcitonin has high sensitivity and specificity for detection of MTC. The low PPV might lead to unnecessary thyroid surgery. Thus, the result of serum calcitonin measurement should always be interpreted in the context of other clinical variables. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Programme alignment in higher‐level planning processes: a four‐country case‐study for Sexual and Reproductive Health
Authors: Dodd Rebecca , Huntington Dale , Hill Peter 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWith international development assistance focussed on poverty reduction, national and sector‐wide planning processes have become increasingly important in setting agendas. Sector‐Wide Approaches (SWAps), Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs), and other higher level planning processes, including Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) reporting, have required new levels of engagement in national and sectoral planning processes. For Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH), this has had mixed consequences, despite raising the profile of SRH in national planning agendas, and emphasizing the potential of SRH to contribute to the reduction of poverty.Drawing on case‐study research from four countries, this paper analyzes alignment of SRH policy with higher‐level planning processes. It found that SRH managers are rarely engaged in higher‐level planning processes, and while SRH features prominently in the [health] sections of PRSPs, it is not reflected in other sections, and does not necessarily correspond to more resources. Despite these limitations, these planning processes offer synergies that could improve the contribution of SRH to health sector development and poverty reduction. The paper recommends that local donor organizations, including key UN agencies, offer greater support for SRH programme managers in promoting the pro‐poor and systems‐wide strengths of SRH programmes to planners and policy makers. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coping with cadmium exposure in various ways: the two Helicid snails Helix pomatia and Cantareus aspersus share the metal transcription factor‐2, but differ in promoter organization and transcription of their Cd‐metallothionein genes
Authors: Höckner M. , Stefanon K. , Schuler D. , Fantur R. , de Vaufleury A. , Dallinger R. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractGastropods are able to withstand fluctuating availabilities of nonessential trace elements such as cadmium by induction of Cd‐specific metallothionein isoform (Cd‐MT) expression. As in other species, the induction mechanism involves the binding of metal‐regulatory transcription factors (MTF‐1 or MTF‐2) to metal responsive elements (MREs) in the MT promoter regions. Cd‐dependent transcription of Cd‐MT genes was assessed by quantitative real time PCR in two helicid gastropods, Helix pomatia and Cantareus aspersus, over a period of eight days. The promoter regions of the Cd‐MT genes of the two species were sequenced and compared regarding the position of MREs and other relevant potential transcription factor binding sites (TFBs). Cd‐MT gene transcription is induced after Cd exposure in Helix pomatia and Cantareus aspersus, showing a transient peak in Helix pomatia, contrasting with a persistent induction rate in Cantareus aspersus. Since the existence of MTF‐2 was verified in both species, differing transcription patterns of Cd‐MT genes must be due to functional differences in their metal‐responsive promoter regions. Both promoters contain a proximal cluster of three MREs overlapping with TFBs for the transcriptional regulator Sp1. In contrast to Cantareus aspersus, however, the Cd‐MT gene of Helix pomatia hosts an additional distal MRE overlapping with a Sp1 binding site and a CACCC box. Inhibitory effects of MRE overlapping Sp1 binding sites were observed in other MT genes. We therefore suggest that transient Cd‐MT transcription upon Cd2+ exposure in Helix pomatia may be the result of an inhibitory action of the distal MRE cluster. J. Exp. Zool. 311A:776–787, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Large‐scale synthesis of no‐carrier‐added [123I]mIBG, using two different stannylated precursors
Authors: Rossouw Daniel D. , Macheli Lebohang 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe clinical advantages of no‐carrier‐added (n.c.a) radioiodinated meta‐iodobenzylguanidine ([*I]mIBG) over its carrier‐added (c.a.) analogue have previously been reported. A large‐scale synthesis of n.c.a. [123I]mIBG was therefore investigated in this study, using a slightly adapted literature method. Two bis (t‐butyloxycarbonyl)‐protected (bis‐Boc) stannylated benzylguanidine precursors were prepared. The bis‐Boc‐trimethylstannyl precursor was used to optimize radioiodination conditions. N‐chlorosuccinimide (NCS) was used as oxidant. An HPLC method was developed to monitor radioiodination and de‐protection steps. Amounts of 200 g precursor and 2000 g NCS resulted in HPLC yields of Boc‐protected radioiodinated compounds in excess of 90%. De‐protection was carried out with trifluoroacetic acid at 110°C. A robust solid phase extraction method was developed to purify reaction mixtures. Radiochemical yields at radioactivity levels ranging between 1900 and 3280 MBq were 85±2.2% (n=4). A twice scaled up reaction at 5340 MBq gave a similar yield. Radiochemical purities were in excess of 98% and the specific activity estimated at approximately 1 TBq.µmol−1. Yields obtained from an HPLC‐purified bis‐Boc‐tributylstannyl precursor were generally lower and ranged from 61 to 81%. Results obtained in this study suggest that n.c.a [123I]mIBG could be synthesized on a GBq scale. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wave digital simulation of passive systems in linear state‐space form
Authors: Ochs Karlheinz 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis paper deals with wave digital modeling of passive state‐space models. The set of differential equations must be of linear state‐space form, but all parameters can be time‐variant and/or nonlinear. For such state‐space models, a canonical internally passive reference circuit is presented and used for deriving wave digital structures. In order to show the usability, special solutions for important basic linear time‐variant models are compared with wave digital simulation results. Moreover, the wave digital modeling of a nonlinear and time‐variant oscillator is discussed. Especially for a lossless oscillator an implementation is proposed, which preserves energy under finite‐arithmetic conditions. This is verified by comparing simulation results with the analytical solution of a gravity pendulum. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Seasonal precipitation interpolation at the Valencia region with multivariate methods using geographic and topographic information
Authors: Portalés Cristina , Boronat Nuria , Pardo‐Pascual Josep E. , Balaguer‐Beser Angel 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe spatial pattern of precipitation is a complex variable that strongly depends on other geographic and topographic factors. As precipitation is usually known only at certain locations, interpolation procedures are needed in order to predict this variable in other regions. The use of multivariate interpolation methods is usually preferred, as secondary variables—generally derived using GIS tools—correlated with precipitation can be included. In this paper, a comparative study on different univariate and multivariate interpolation methodologies is presented. Our study area is centred in the region of Valencia, located to the eastern Spanish Mediterranean coast. The followed methodology can be divided in three steps. First, secondary variables having significant correlations with the precipitation were derived, where the hillsides were used as influence areas of certain variables. Secondly, precipitation was interpolated with different methodologies. Finally, the derived models were compared in terms of predicted errors. Models were achieved for seasonal scales, considering a total of 179 raingauges; data of another 45 raingauges were also used to predict errors. Results prove that there is no ideal method for all the cases but it will depend on one hand, on the number of geographical factors that influence the rainfall and, on the other hand, on the major or minor spatial correlation within the rainfall. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society