bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The potassium channel subunit Kvβ3 interacts with pannexin 1 and attenuates its sensitivity to changes in redox potentials
Authors: Bunse Stefanie , Locovei Silviu , Schmidt Matthias , Qiu Feng , Zoidl Georg , Dahl Gerhard , Dermietzel Rolf 
Published: September 2009

Pannexin 1 (Panx1), a member of the second gap junction protein family identified in vertebrates, appears to preferentially form non‐junctional membrane channels. A candidate regulatory protein of Panx1 is the potassium channel subunit Kvβ3, previously identified by bacterial two‐hybrid strategies. Here, we report on the physical association of Panx1 with Kvβ3 by immunoprecipitation when co‐expressed in a neuroblastoma cell line (Neuro2A). Furthermore, in vivo co‐expression of Panx1 and Kvβ3 was shown to occur in murine hippocampus and cerebellum. Kvβ3 is known to accelerate inactivation of otherwise slowly inactivating potassium channels under reducing conditions. We subsequently found that Panx1 channel currents exhibit a significant reduction when exposed to reducing agents, and that this effect is attenuated in the presence of Kvβ3. Apparently, Kvβ3 is involved in regulating the susceptibility of Panx1 channels to redox potential. Furthermore, the Panx1 channel blockers carbenoxolone and Probenecid were less effective in inhibiting Panx1 currents when Kvβ3 was co‐expressed. The influence of Kvβ3 on Panx1 is the first example of modulation of Panx1 channel function(s) by interacting proteins, and suggests the physiological importance of sensing changes in redox potentials.Structured digital abstract
MINT‐7260843, MINT‐7260856: Panx1 (uniprotkb:Q9JIP4) physically interacts (MI:0915) with Kvβ3 (uniprotkb:P97382) by anti‐tag co‐immunoprecipitation (MI:0007)
Colonisation of barley roots by endophytic Fusarium equiseti and Pochonia chlamydosporia: Effects on plant growth and disease
Authors: Maciá‐Vicente J.G. , Rosso L.C. , Ciancio A. , Jansson H.‐B. , Lopez‐Llorca L.V. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractColonisation of plant roots by endophytic fungi may confer benefits to the host such as protection against abiotic or biotic stresses or plant growth promotion. The exploitation of these properties is of great relevance at an applied level, either to increase yields of agricultural crops or in reforestation activities. Fusarium equiseti is a naturally occurring endophyte in vegetation under stress in Mediterranean ecosystems. Pochonia chlamydosporia is a nematode egg‐parasitic fungus with a worldwide distribution. Both fungi have the capacity to colonise roots of non‐host plants endophytically and to protect them against phytopathogenic fungi under laboratory conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the root population dynamics of these fungi under non‐axenic practical conditions. Both fungal species were inoculated into barley roots. Their presence in roots and effects on plant growth and incidence of disease caused by the pathogen Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici were monitored periodically. Both fungi colonised barley roots endophytically over the duration of the experiment and competed with other existing fungal root colonisers. Furthermore, colonisation of roots by P. chlamydosporia promoted plant growth. Although a clear suppressive effect on disease could not be detected, F. equiseti isolates reduced the mean root lesion length caused by the pathogen. Results of this work suggest that both F. equiseti and P. chlamydosporia are long‐term root endophytes that confer beneficial effects to the host plant.
Key phenological events in globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var.scolymus) development
Authors: Virdis A. , Motzo R. , Giunta F. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA priority for the field vegetable grower is to be able to schedule a regular supply of product throughout the growing season. This requires a predictive framework, based on the identification of key developmental events of the crop, and an understanding of how genotypic and environmental factors interact to determine plant development. Four globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus) cultivars, representing the existing phenological range, were grown in a field experiment, and a range of environmental conditions was imposed by varying both the timing of the first irrigation (which determines the initiation of regrowth) and by repeating the experiment across two locations and 2 years. The timing of the appearance of the main stem capitulum was sensitive to both the growing environment and the cultivar. These differences persisted till flowering and were correlated with final leaf number. As the plant developed, the phyllochron decreased, resulting in three values of phyllochron, each of which was responsive to genotype, and hardly to environment. The timing of the first change in phyllochron was associated with the final leaf number and the appearance of the capitulum. For all the cultivars, the rate of development fell and the final leaf number increased as the length of the photoperiod increased. The later flowering cultivars shared a similar vernalisation requirement, but ‘Spinoso sardo’ did not require a cold period to flower. Leaf length reached a peak before the beginning of stem elongation, and maximum leaf length was correlated with final leaf number. The sensitiveness of the phyllochron to the genotype, and of the number of leaves and the timing of the appearance of the capitulum to both genotype and environment makes them suitable as variables in developmental models. The importance of the final number of leaves is not only because of its phenological significance, but also because of its effect on the ability of the canopy to intercept radiation.
EFFECT OF PRETREATMENTS ON AIR‐DRYING PATTERN AND COLOR OF DRIED PUMPKIN (CUCURBITA MAXIMA) SLICES
Authors: FALADE KOLAWOLE O. , SHOGAOLU OLUFEMI T. 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACT Effect of pretreatments on air‐drying pattern and color of pumpkin slices was investigated. Fresh, sulfited (1,000 ppm), blanched (100C for 3 min) and osmotically pretreated pumpkins (40, 50 and 60 °Brix) were air dried at 50–80C. Moisture transfer from fresh and pretreated pumpkin was modeled using Fick's diffusion model, and effective moisture diffusivity (m2/s) was calculated. Moisture ratio decreased with increased drying temperature and time. No constant drying rate period was observed in the drying process. Pre‐osmosed pumpkin recorded lower moisture contents and drying rate. Effective moisture diffusivity was in the range of 6.50 E‐10–2.45 E‐09 m2/s. Arrhenius relation with activation energy for moisture diffusion of 24.49–43.27 kJ/mol expressed the effect of temperature on moisture diffusivity. L*, a*, b*, color intensity (ΔE) and chroma (ΔC) values of dried pumpkin increased with increase in drying temperature from 50 to 60C.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSPumpkin is usually sun dried during the season of production, packaged and rehydrated in water prior to use. However, some problems are associated with the drying of the commodity. Use of pretreatments such as blanching, sulfiting and osmotic dehydration (OD) prior to forced convection air drying would result in minimal quality degradation, savings in energy and, in the case of OD, the production of eat‐out‐of‐hand snack items. The effects of the pretreatment are mainly related to the improvement of some nutritional, organoleptic and functional properties of the product. Also, pretreatments aid the inhibition of enzymatic browning, provide an adjustment of water activity and the achievement of structural, textural and sensory, and other functionalproperties. These properties are obtained with a reduced energy input over traditional drying processes. Air drying following the pretreatment could be adopted for the production of shelf‐stable dried fruit and vegetable commodities with acceptable quality attributes.
VISCOELASTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF KPEJIGAOU: A GRIDDLED COWPEA FOOD
Authors: AMONSOU E.O. , SAALIA F.K. , SAKYI‐DAWSON E. , SEFA‐DEDEH S. , ABBEY L.D. 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACT The viscoelastic properties of kpejigaou were evaluated, with the goal of standardizing the process. A factorial design with temperature (130, 200 and 270C) and time (5, 7.5 and 10 min) was followed to process kpejigaou. Griddled samples were subjected to compression–relaxation tests using a TA‐XT2 Texture Analyzer. Kpejigaou exhibited the properties of viscoelastic solid material at all griddling conditions. The generalized Maxwell and Peleg–Normand models showed the most satisfactory fit (R2 > 98%) to stress data. Products made at higher griddling temperatures for longer times experienced higher moisture loss, were more rigid and dissipated energy at a faster rate. The stress–relaxation time was inversely correlated with moisture loss (r = −0.91, P < 0.05) and viscosity (r = −0.85, P < 0.01). The viscoelastic behavior of kpejigaou could be related to the spongy and porous structure of kpejigaou, starch gelatinization and the rate of moisture loss during griddling. Griddling temperature of 170C for 6 min could be recommended for the production of firm and spongy kpejigaou acceptable to the consumers.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONViscoelastic properties provide information that directly relate to textural and mechanical, or deformability characteristics of the product. By their nature, they are fundamental to consumer acceptability of the product. The findings in this study show that the process variables (of heating time and temperature) are directly related to the viscoelastic properties and acceptability of kpejigaou. This provides a basis from which to begin efforts to standardize the kpejigaou process in order to limit batch to batch or processor to processor variation in product quality and acceptability. The findings also provide clues for scale‐up criteria for both medium‐ and large‐scale production of kpejigaou.
MODELING OF THE GERMINATION OF SPORES FROM CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS FOOD POISONING ISOLATES
Authors: PAREDES‐SABJA DANIEL , TORRES J. ANTONIO 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACTClostridium perfringens type A isolates carrying a chromosomal gene for enterotoxin production (chromosomal c. perfringens enterotoxin [C‐cpe]strains) are frequent causative agents of food poisoning. Predictive models for their growth in meat products have been published; however, the development of germination models needs further research. In this study, the Weibull function was used to describe the germination of C‐cpe food poisoning strains in phosphate and Tris–HCl buffer as affected by pH (5.8–8.5), germinant concentration (1–100 mM KCl) and germination temperature (23–60C). As indicated by estimators of model accuracy and bias, an empirical model for spore germination as a function of germination temperature only, predicted accurately the germination potential of 4 C‐cpe food poisoning strains in buffer and in laboratory media in the 23–50C range.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThermal processing models based on the inactivation of a heat‐resistant spore ignore the potential germination and outgrowth of spore survivors as recommended by new food safety guidelines. Germination models for spore survivors to be used in conjunction with outgrowth models should be developed using as samples the product of interest because the bioavailability and concentration of germinants such as ions and free amino acids vary with the product and its manufacturing process. Another germination model application is in conjunction with new processing technologies such as high pressure processing (HPP). The inactivation of bacterial spores has been a major challenge to HPP process developers. Since germinated spores are sensitive to pressure, germination models would be useful to design combined strategies of food thermal treatment and HPP.
DEVELOPMENT OF A MECHANICAL TEXTURE TEST TO EVALUATE THE RIPENING PROCESS OF CABERNET FRANC GRAPES
Authors: MAURY CHANTAL , MADIETA EMMANUEL , LE MOIGNE MARINE , MEHINAGIC EMIRA , SIRET RENE , JOURJON FREDERIQUE 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACT There is scant literature on the assessment and validation of methods for monitoring grape texture during ripening. There is a distinct lack of information from published work on the correct procedures to set up texture method. If the measurement of grape texture is to be used for assessing ripeness and further extended to the assessment of polyphenol extractability potential, the relationship between physicochemical parameters and sensory descriptors should be evaluated as a matter of importance. In this work, the physical properties of grape texture during ripening were addressed by an assessment of the relationship between the methods of double compression and puncture tests. The second part of the study reported here applied the methods developed in the first year to grapes sampled in the following year. The results showed that the mechanical texture measurements were able to discriminate grapes coming from different parcels and correlations were found between texture parameters and sensory descriptors. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThis paper defines the measurement conditions for monitoring grape texture, particularly during ripening. These established methodologies provide enologists with the tools to monitor the progress of grape maturity, and these mechanical methods compare favorably with the expensive and time‐consuming classical methods. These established methodologies could also be used to highlight important information on grape evolution during ripening and help to provide better insight on the choice of the preferred/ideal harvest date. These tools, providing enologists with data on the evolution of fruit texture, could be used to help select more suitable winemaking processes as well, as the extractability of compounds present in the fruit is probably linked to its texture.
FIRMNESS EVALUATION OF SWEET CHERRIES BY A TRAINED AND CONSUMER SENSORY PANEL
Authors: ROSS CAROLYN F. , CHAUVIN MAITE A. , WHITING MATTHEW 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to examine cherry firmness and the ability of a trained and consumer panel to differentiate between cherries of different firmness values. For the trained panel (n = 12) and consumer panel (n = 100) evaluations, two late‐maturing, commercially important cherry cultivars were evaluated, “Selah” and “Skeena.” For trained panel evaluations, the analytical firmness value of each cherry was determined, although for the consumer panel, cherries were characterized into different firmness categories (low, intermediate and high), after which, a series of paired comparisons were made. “Selah” was the less‐firm cultivar by approximately 20 g/mm and consumers could distinguish the more‐firm cherry in all comparisons (P < 0.05). For “Skeena,” consumers could only distinguish soft versus firm. Trained panelists were able to distinguish between cherries of a minimum analytical firmness value of ∼40 g/mm. A model was developed to predict sensory firmness from analytical determinations of firmness (r = 0.63).PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSDeveloping prediction models to estimate sensory response from analytical data will benefit the fruit industry by potentially allowing the use of analytical measurements as a proxy for sensory evaluation. In addition, understanding the importance of firmness on cherry acceptance and knowing the specific firmness values at which individuals can perceive a difference in sensory firmness is useful for cherry growers to produce a cherry with acceptable texture.
EGG ALBUMIN AND GUAR GUM INFLUENCE ON FOAM THIXOTROPY
Authors: MIQUELIM JOICE NATALI , DA SILVA LANNES SUZANA CAETANO 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACT Food foams may be defined as products containing a gaseous phase stabilized in a matrix containing water and proteins. The rheology of a foam can be altered by how the air bubbles inside are organized, its size and shape, allowing a product that was initially fluid to be molded, like marshmallow. Rheology makes possible to understand how these properties are affected using dynamic oscillatory measurements to evaluate the behavior through G′ and G″, and rotational to characterize the product through stress, and viscosity curves under controlled shear stress. These two methodologies combined are useful to analyze thixotropy. Nine formulations containing albumin and gelatin, and five others containing guar gum were evaluated by oscillatory rheology focusing thixotropy determination. Replacing gelatin by guar gum elasticity and thixotropy were increased, improving film stability around the air bubbles. It is possible to say that gelatin can be replaced by guar gum at concentrations of 0.4%, creating a product with a better ability of structure recovery. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONThis study indicated an important role of thixotropic analysis choice to understand the behavior of structure of products like foam. It was tested with three alternatives to get information about thixotropy of the products. It is very important for those who work with rheological analysis and products formulation.
The Right to Relocation: Disappearing Island Nations and Common Ownership of the Earth
Authors: Risse Mathias 
Published: September 2009

The Right to Relocation: Disappearing Island Nations and Common Ownership of the EarthMathias RisseIn recent work I have tried to revitalize the standpoint of humanity's commonly owning the earth. This standpoint has implications for a range of problems that have recently preoccupied us at the global level, including immigration, obligations to future generations, climate change, and human rights. In particular, this approach helps illuminate what moral claims to international aid small island nations whose existence is threatened by global climate change have. A recent proposal for relocating his people across different nations by President Tong of Kiribati is a case in point. My approach vindicates President Tong's proposal.
Effects of clear visual input and change in standing sequence on standing sway related to falls during night toilet use
Authors: Sada Kouji , Uchiyama Junko , Ohnishi Toshihiko , Ninomiya Ishio , Masino Yachiyo 
Published: September 2009

sada k., uchiyama j., ohnishi t., ninomiya i. & masino y. (2009) Effects of clear visual input and change in standing sequence on standing sway related to falls during night toilet use.International Journal of Older People Nursing 5, 34–40 doi: 10.1111/j.1748‐3743.2009.00187.xAim. The aim of this study is to provide objective evidence that clear visual input and change in standing sequence can reduce fall risk related to night toilet use among hospitalized older patients.Background. In hospitalized older patients, falls are likely to occur during night toileting needs.Method. Using a stabilometer, we measured and compared maximal standing sway for 10 seconds immediately after standing with three visual input modes in two standing patterns, comparing healthy younger adults (n = 22) and older patients (n = 19). The three modes are no visual input (mode 1), vague (mode 2), and clear visual input (mode 3). Standing sequences A and B are defined as supine‐to‐standing and supine‐to‐sitting‐to‐standing, respectively.Results. For a given visual mode, maximal moved distance was significantly greater for older patients than for younger adults with both standing patterns (P < 0.0001). Both standing pattern B and clear visual input decreased maximal moved distance in younger adults and older patients. A greater maximal moved distance score indicated a greater fall risk.Relevance to clinical practice. It is important for nurses to train older patients to turn on the light and perform standing pattern B, when going to the bathroom at night. In addition, it is advisable to confirm the placement of distinct visual markers on the way to the bathroom.
Determining the effects of habitat fragment area on grasshopper species density and richness: a comparison of proportional and uniform sampling methods
Authors: NUFIO CÉSAR R. , McCLENAHAN JEFF L. , THURSTON ELIZABETH G. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract.  1. The sampling methodology used in diversity studies may at times define perceived biological patterns. In this study we used urban grassland fragments in the Front Range of northern Colorado, USA, to determine whether grasshoppers exhibit a species–area relationship (SAR) and to examine the potential effects of sampling protocol, namely uniform and proportional sampling, and sampling biases on our ability to detect such a relationship.2. A uniform sampling protocol was used to survey grasshoppers across 13 urban fragments and then sample‐based rarefaction curves were used to determine how the SAR would have been modified had we used proportional sampling. We also used individual‐based rarefaction curves to explore the issue of ‘passive’ sampling and used species richness estimators to address the efficacy of our sampling protocols.3. We found that reductions in habitat area due to urban fragmentation lead to a significant SAR between grasshopper species density and richness and fragment size. Using field data we also show, that relative to a uniform sampling protocol, proportional sampling can lead to similar conclusions about the density of species found within an area with the potential benefit of not over sampling smaller relative to larger areas. Finally, the estimators showed that most of the species in each fragment were detected and the individual‐based rarefaction curves showed that the detected SAR was not due to ‘passive’ sampling.
La réunion d’un symbole national
Authors: Munjeri Dawson 
Published: September 2009

RésuméL’affaire de l’oiseau en pierre à savon a mobilisé beaucoup de parties prenantes en Belgique, en Allemagne et au Zimbabwe et illustre certaines dynamiques impliquées dans le rapatriement et la restitution de propriétés culturelles à leurs pays d’origine. En tant que Directeur général des Musées et Monuments Nationaux du Zimbabwe (NMMZ), l’auteur a été l’un des acteurs‐clé dans les efforts qui ont culminé dans la restitution par l’Allemagne au Zimbabwe de l’oiseau en pierre à savon du Grand Zimbabwe, bien qu’il s’agisse d’un « prêt permanent aux Musées et Monuments Nationaux du Zimbabwe ». Les questions de la « permanence du prêt » et de la « propriété légale » doivent encore être réglées à l’échelle mondiale et cet article en explore quelques aspects.
Le retour du patrimoine culturel du Danemark au Groenland
Authors: Gabriel Mille 
Published: September 2009

RésuméDe 1982 à 2001, le Danemark et le Groenland engagèrent une coopération muséale de grande ampleur qui aboutit à la restitution par le Musée national du Danemark d’environ 35 000 objets archéologiques et ethnographiques au Nunatta Katersugaasivia Allagaateqarfialu, le Musée national et les Archives du Groenland – processus nommé plus tard Utimut, le mot kalaallisut signifiant retour.
Implications et défis du retour et de la réinhumation des anciens Ngarrindjeri de la « collection d’Édimbourg »
Authors: Wilson Christopher 
Published: September 2009

RésuméCet article est basé sur la recherche sur le rapatriement des Anciens Ngarrindjeri. Plus de 100 ans après avoir été exhumés, ce n’est qu’en avril 2003 que plus de 300 individus (appelés la Collection d’Édimbourg) ont été rendus à la nation Ngarrindjeri, établissant une norme nationale pour le traitement des Anciens en Australie. Depuis cet événement hautement significatif, les Ngarrindjeri ont été submergés par le nombre d’Anciens rendus à la communauté, y compris les dépouilles provenant de collectionneurs privés et les soixante‐quatorze individus du Musée Victoria en 2004. Cet article propose un aperçu des processus de rapatriement et de réinhumation vécus par la nation Ngarrindjeri et esquisse les implications sociales, culturelles, politiques et économiques du rapatriement de dépouilles humaines sur les communautés indigènes en Australie. Il apporte en outre un éclairage sur la première réinhumation au sein de la communauté Ngarrindjeri et examine certains efforts collectifs inclus dans le processus de réinhumation en tant que tel.