bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The 10‐year course of psychosocial functioning among patients with borderline personality disorder and axis II comparison subjects
Authors: Zanarini M. C. , Frankenburg F. R. , Reich D. Bradford , Fitzmaurice G. 
Published: February 2010

Zanarini MC, Frankenburg FR, Bradford Reich D, Fitzmaurice G. The 10‐year course of psychosocial functioning among patients with borderline personality disorder and axis II comparison subjects.Objective:  The purpose of this study was to determine the 10‐year course of the psychosocial functioning of patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD).Method:  The social and vocational functioning of 290 inpatients meeting both the Revised Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines (DIB‐R) and DSM‐III‐R criteria for BPD and 72 axis II comparison subjects were carefully assessed during their index admission. Psychosocial functioning was reassessed using similar methods at five contiguous 2‐year time periods.Results:  Borderline patients without good psychosocial functioning at baseline reported difficulty attaining it for the first time. Those who had such functioning at baseline reported difficulty retaining and then regaining it. In addition, over 90% of their poor psychosocial functioning was due to poor vocational but not social performance.Conclusion:  Good psychosocial functioning that involves both social and vocational competence is difficult for borderline patients to achieve and maintain over time. In addition, their vocational functioning is substantially more compromised than their social functioning.
Objective measurement of motor activity during cognitive performance in adults with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Lis S. , Baer N. , Stein‐en‐Nosse C. , Gallhofer B. , Sammer G. , Kirsch P. 
Published: February 2010

Lis S, Baer N, Stein‐en‐Nosse C, Gallhofer B, Sammer G, Kirsch P. Objective measurement of motor activity during cognitive performance in adults with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder.Objective:  This study investigates whether hyperactivity, i.e. an increased level of motor activity, can be observed in adults with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Method:  An infrared motion‐tracking system was used to measure motor activity in 20 unmedicated adults with ADHD and 20 matched healthy controls (HC) during a 1‐back working memory task.Results:  Motor activity was higher in ADHD. It increased with the duration of testing and co‐varied with cognitive performance in ADHD only. Subjective and objective measurements of motor activity were related in HC, but not in ADHD.Conclusion:  Higher levels of motor activity in ADHD are objectively measurable not only in children, but in adults as well. It is linked to cognitive performance arguing against distinguishable diagnostic subtypes. The objective measurement of motor activity seems to extend the description of ADHD symptoms derived from rating scales and might thus help to bridge the gap between psychopathological symptom description and neurobiological alterations.
Is late‐onset schizophrenia a subtype of schizophrenia?
Authors: Vahia I. V. , Palmer B. W. , Depp C. , Fellows I. , Golshan S. , Kraemer H. C. , Jeste D. V. 
Published: February 2010

Vahia IV, Palmer BW, Depp C, Fellows I, Golshan S, Kraemer HC, Jeste DV. Is late‐onset schizophrenia a subtype of schizophrenia?Objective:  To determine whether late‐onset schizophrenia (LOS, onset after age 40) should be considered a distinct subtype of schizophrenia.Method:  Participants included 359 normal comparison subjects (NCs) and 854 schizophrenia out‐patients age >40 (110 LOS, 744 early‐onset schizophrenia or EOS). Assessments included standardized measures of psychopathology, neurocognition, and functioning.Results:  Early‐onset schizophrenia and LOS groups differed from NCs on all measures of psychopathology and functioning, and most cognitive tests. Early‐onset schizophrenia and LOS groups had similar education, severity of depressive, negative, and deficit symptoms, crystallized knowledge, and auditory working memory, but LOS patients included more women and married individuals, had less severe positive symptoms and general psychopathology, and better processing speed, abstraction, verbal memory, and everyday functioning, and were on lower antipsychotic doses. Most EOS–LOS differences remained significant after adjusting for age, gender, severity of negative or deficit symptoms, and duration of illness.Conclusion:  Late‐onset schizophrenia should be considered a subtype of schizophrenia.
Elastic fiber pattern in regressing melanoma: a histochemical and immunohistochemical study
Authors: Kamino Hideko , Tam Sam , Roses Daniel , Toussaint Sonia 
Published: February 2010

Background: Although histopathologic identification of regression of melanoma is usually straightforward, sometimes it can be difficult to distinguish it from scarring fibrosis. Therefore, this study investigates the elastic fiber pattern in melanomas associated with either regression or scars. Methods: We compared 33 invasive melanomas with the fibrosing stage of regression to 10 cases of invasive melanomas with scarring fibrosis. None of the regression cases had a prior surgical procedure. Elastic fiber patterns were evaluated with Verhoeff's elastic van Gieson stain (EVG) and elastin immunostain. Results: Elastin immunostain was superior to EVG in revealing the elastic fiber patterns. Both regression and scars had decreased to absent elastic fibers in the areas of fibrosis. However, areas of regression had a well‐defined compressed layer of thin elastic fibers pushed down from the papillary dermis to the base of the fibrosis. In contrast, the base of scars lacked this compressed elastic layer and had instead an abrupt transition to the thick elastic fibers of the spared reticular dermis. Conclusions: We have identified distinct changes of the elastic tissue network, which more accurately define the presence of regression in melanoma and distinguish it from scarring fibrosisKamino H, Tam S, Roses D, Toussaint S. Elastic fiber pattern in regressing melanoma: a histochemical and immunohistochemical study.
CD10, p63 and CD99 expression in the differential diagnosis of atypical fibroxanthoma, spindle cell squamous cell carcinoma and desmoplastic melanoma
Authors: Kanner William A. , Brill Louis B. , Patterson James W. , Wick Mark R. 
Published: February 2010

Background: Atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) is a pleomorphic spindle cell lesion of the skin; it is considered in the differential diagnosis with spindle cell malignant melanoma (MM) and sarcomatoid carcinoma/spindle cell squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). An optimum approach has yet to fully emerge with respect to the immunohistochemical discrimination of these lesions. Methods: Departmental archives from 1978 onwards were searched for clinicopathologically confirmed cases of AFX, MM and SCC. Immunostains for CD10, CD99 and p63 were performed in each case. Scored staining results were analyzed using Fisher's Exact Test. Results: Twenty‐seven of 31 cases of AFX were positive for CD10, as compared with 3 of 22 SCCs and 0 of 20 MMs. CD10 positivity was preferentially associated with the diagnosis of AFX (p < 0.001). p63 reactivity was observed in 15/22 cases of SCCs, 5/31 AFXs and 1/20 MMs. CD99 reactivity was observed in 3/31 cases of AFX, 2/22 SCCs and 3/20 MMs. Conclusion: CD10 positivity is relatively specific in this context for the diagnosis of AFX. Its utility is enhanced when only strong, diffuse membranocytoplasmic staining is considered as a positive result. In contrast to prior reports, p63 was not found to be highly sensitive for SCC. Similarly, CD99 showed no preferential staining of any single diagnostic group of lesions.Kanner WA, Brill LB, Patterson JW, Wick MR. CD10, p63 and CD99 expression in the differential diagnosis of atypical fibroxanthoma, spindle cell squamous cell carcinoma and desmoplastic melanoma.
Confirmation of a disease model of pemphigus vulgaris: characterization and correlation between disease parameters in 90 mice
Authors: Holm Thomas Lindebo , Markholst Helle 
Published: February 2010

Please cite this paper as: Confirmation of a disease model of pemphigus vulgaris: characterization and correlation between disease parameters in 90 mice. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: e158–e165.Abstract:  Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a chronic autoimmune bullous disease associated with immunoglobulin G (IgG) autoantibodies against desmoglein 3 (Dsg3). Previously, a mouse model of PV was established by adoptive transfer of naive splenocytes from Dsg3−/− mice to Rag2−/− mice. The model is unique as Dsg3‐specific naive lymphocytes from Dsg3−/− mice can be primed and activated by the endogenous Dsg3 in recipient mice, resulting in pathogenic anti‐Dsg3 IgG without any active immunization. Here, we show that PV occurs after both intravenous (i.v.) and intraperitoneal (i.p.) transfer of naive splenocytes. We evaluated the robustness of the model by comparing engraftment as well as PV phenotype using several disease parameters. While engraftment of spleen cells was significantly better after i.p. transfer, anti‐Dsg3 IgG antibody production, IgG deposition and disease score were comparable after both i.v. and i.p. cell transfer. Thus, transferred cells can be primed, activated and gain effector function. However, we detected heterogeneity in disease development, as only 46% of the mice developed hair loss, whereas 76% of the mice developed anti‐Dsg3 IgG. We also tested cyclophosphamide in the model, as this drug is reported to be beneficial to PV patients. Cyclophosphamide significantly inhibited disease development in a preventive setting, and mice were free of symptoms 35 days after discontinuing the treatment. We have successfully confirmed the induction of PV after both i.v. and i.p. transfer. In addition, we have shown that this model can be used for evaluation of immunosuppressive drugs.
“Transcription physiology” of pigment formation in melanocytes: central role of MITF
Authors: Vachtenheim Jiri , Borovanský Jan 
Published: February 2010

Please cite this paper as:“Transcription physiology” of pigment formation in melanocytes: central role of (MITF). Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: 617–627.Abstract: Melanin production is the primary mechanism protecting human skin against the UV light‐induced damage. The polymeric compound melanin is synthesized within melanocytes in the specialized subcellular organelles, termed melanosomes, which are then transferred to surrounding keratinocytes. The genes for melanin synthesis and deposition are coordinately expressed in melanocytes. The transcription factor MITF, which has been reported to activate more than 25 genes in pigment cells, has emerged as an essential regulator not only for melanocyte development, proliferation and survival, but also for the expression of enzymes and structural proteins ensuring the production of melanin. MITF is a transcriptional activator of several genes which encode melanosome‐localized proteins involved both in melanin synthesis and in melanosome biogenesis and transport, including genes whose mutations are associated with human oculocutaneous and ocular forms of albinism. Here, we outline the mechanisms of transcriptional regulation of genes associated with the biosynthesis of melanin in melanocytes and melanoma cells. MITF is crucial in this process, while several other factors seem to have only an auxiliary role to play under specific circumstances.
Anti‐inflammatory effects of the GABAB receptor agonist baclofen in allergic contact dermatitis
Authors: Duthey Beatrice , Hübner Anita , Diehl Sandra , Boehncke Sandra , Pfeffer Jeannette , Boehncke Wolf‐Henning 
Published: February 2010

Please cite this paper as: Anti‐inflammatory effects of the GABAB receptor agonist baclofen in allergic contact dermatitis. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: 661–666.Abstract:  The gamma amino butyric acid B (GABAB) receptor is a G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) involved in synaptic transmission. Recent data indicate it to be also expressed on immune cells, along with chemokine receptors, which are also GPCRs. As GPCRs can undergo heterologous desensitization, we have examined the ability of baclofen, a GABAB receptor selective agonist, to interfere with the function of pro‐inflammatory chemokine receptors known to be upregulated in cutaneous inflammation. In vitro, baclofen reduces chemotaxis of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells towards CCL2, CCL5, CXCL10, CXCL2 and CX3CL1 in a dose‐dependant manner. Protein kinase C inhibitors calphostin C and G0 6976 could reverse this effect, pointing towards the involvement of both calcium‐dependent and ‐independent protein kinase C in baclofen‐induced inhibition of chemokine receptors. In an in vivo model of contact hypersensitivity in C57BL/6 mice, intraperitoneal injection of baclofen markedly alleviated signs of inflammation as well as recruitment of neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes into the skin. This study demonstrates a new role for the GABAB receptor in inflammation, making it a potential new therapeutic target to treat inflammatory skin diseases.
The natural history of daytime urinary incontinence in children: a large British cohort
Authors: Swithinbank LV , Heron J , Von Gontard A , Abrams P 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAim:  Few studies have looked at the prevalence of daytime incontinence in a longitudinal cohort of children. This study set out to determine the prevalence of daytime incontinence and relationships between daytime incontinence and bedwetting, faecal incontinence and urgency in a large cohort of British children.Methods:  Parents of children taking part in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) were asked questions concerning the child’s daytime wetting, bedwetting and faecal incontinence at different time points, 4.5, 5.5, 6.5, 7.5 and 9.5 years. The difference between the sexes for these different conditions was compared.Results and limitations:  Data were available for 10 819 of the 13 973 children who entered the study. The prevalence of any daytime incontinence declined from 15.5% at 4.5 years to 4.9% at 9.5 years, and was mainly described as infrequent. Daytime incontinence was more common in girls than boys and frequent (DSM‐IV) incontinence was more commonly related to urgency, bedwetting and faecal incontinence than infrequent incontinence.Conclusions:  Daytime incontinence is relatively common among children of primary school age and frequent incontinence more commonly coexists with other conditions, such as bedwetting and urgency. This study suggests the need for treatment to focus on children with frequent incontinence.
Compound KIR‐HLA genotype analyses in the Iranian population by a novel PCR–SSP assay
Authors: Tajik N. , Shahsavar F. , Nasiri M. , Radjabzadeh M. F. 
Published: February 2010

SummaryNatural killer (NK) cells eliminate infected and transformed cells while still are self‐tolerant. Interactions of the independently segregating Killer cell immunoglobulin‐like receptors (KIR) and human leucocyte antigens (HLA) loci play a critical role in NK cell regulation. Different compound KIR‐HLA genotypes can impart different thresholds of activation to the NK‐cell repertoire and such genotypic variation has been found to confer altered risk in a number of human diseases including viral infections, autoimmune disorders, reproduction abnormalities and cancers. In this study, we presented a novel combined KIR‐HLA polymerase chain reaction–sequence‐specific primers genotyping assay for simultaneous determination of KIR genes and their three major HLA class I ligand groups (C1, C2, and Bw4). Moreover, known inhibitory and activating KIR + HLA (iKIR + HLA: 2DL2/3 + C1, 2DL1 + C2, 3DL1 + Bw4; and aKIR + HLA: 2DS2 + C1, 2DS1 + C2, 3DS1 + Bw4) combinations as well as co‐inheritance of aKIR genes and iKIR + HLA pairs were analysed in a total of 200 unrelated healthy Iranian individuals. All tested subjects had at least one of the three iKIR + HLA pairs and the frequencies of various inhibitory combinations in the study group were: 31.5%, three iKIR + HLA pairs, 53.5%, two iKIR + HLA pairs, and 15%, 0ne iKIR + HLA pair. Furthermore, we revealed that majority of Iranians (69%) carry compound genotypes with greater number of inhibitory pairings than activating combinations (iKIR + HLA > aKIR + HLA). Conversely, iKIR + HLA < aKIR (45%) was dominant genotype in the study group. We conclude that selective evolutionary pressure has propensity to maintain KIR‐HLA genotypes with more inhibitory combinations to guarantee self‐tolerance. In contrast, existence of activating KIR genes without normal endogenous ligands, potentially arms the NK population for competent immunosurveillance and stronger defense against infections.
Risk Factors Associated with Detection of Salmonella in Broiler Litter at the Time of New Flock Placement
Authors: Volkova V. V. , Wills R. W. , Hubbard S. A. , Magee D. L. , Byrd J. A. , Bailey R. H. 
Published: February 2010

SummaryIn this study, we investigated risk factors associated with the probability to detect Salmonella in samples of litter collected within 2 h prior to new flock placement in 76 grow‐out houses on 38 conventional broiler farms located in the US states of Mississippi, Alabama and Texas. We evaluated characteristics of location and layout of the farm; area adjacent to and surrounding the house; house construction; condition and type of equipment in the house; litter management and other production, sanitation, visitation and biosecurity practices; non‐broiler animal species on the farm; and weather conditions on the 3 days leading up to flock placement. Logistic regression was used to model the relationships between probability to detect Salmonella in litter and potential risk factors. In the screening process, each risk factor was evaluated as a single fixed effects factor in a multilevel model that accounted for variability among the sampled farms and their production complexes and companies. Of almost 370 risk factors screened, 24 were associated with the probability to detect Salmonella in litter. These were characteristics of the surroundings of the house, house construction and conditions, litter management, length of downtimes between flocks in the house, biosecurity and farm location. After investigation of collinearity between these variables and building of models for important risk factor categories, the list of candidate variables for the final model was refined to eight factors. The final model demonstrated that a higher probability of detecting Salmonella in litter was strongly associated with the use of wood to construct the base of the walls or to cover the inside of the broiler house foundation, and with the use of fresh wood shavings to top‐dress or completely replace the litter between flocks.
The Role of Exposures to Animals and Other Risk Factors in Sporadic, Non‐TyphoidalSalmonellaInfections in Michigan Children
Authors: Younus M. , Wilkins M. J. , Davies H. D. , Rahbar M. H. , Funk J. , Nguyen C. , Siddiqi A. E. , Cho S. , Saeed A. M. 
Published: February 2010

SummarySalmonellosis is largely a major foodborne disease. However, contact with animals particularly reptiles, has been increasingly recognized as a risk factor forSalmonellainfection among children. The major risk factors for salmonellosis in Michigan children have not been assessed. Therefore, we have evaluated the association betweenSalmonellainfections and contact with animals among Michigan children aged ≤10 years by conducting a population‐based case–control study. A total of 123 children with laboratory‐confirmedSalmonellainfections and 139 control children, who had not experienced symptoms of gastrointestinal illness during the month prior to the interviews, were enrolled. A multivariable analysis matched on age group revealed that children withSalmonellainfections had reported more commonly than controls contact with reptiles [adjusted matched odds ratio (MOR) = 7.90, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.52–41.01] and cats (MOR = 2.53, 95% CI: 1.14–5.88). Results of this study suggest an association between salmonellosis and contact with cats and reptiles in Michigan children. Additional efforts are needed to educate caretakers of young children about the risk ofSalmonellatransmission through animal contact.
Perceptions of Risk and Optimistic Bias for Acute Gastrointestinal Illness: A Population Survey
Authors: Sargeant J. M. , Majowicz S. E. , Sheth U. , Edge V. L. 
Published: February 2010

SummaryOptimistic bias refers to the tendency of individuals to believe that they are less likely to experience negative events compared with other people. Individuals who perceive their risk of an adverse health event to be low may not be as receptive to informational messages aimed at disease prevention. Our objective was to estimate the magnitude of optimistic bias for acute gastrointestinal illness, and to describe demographic associations with, and reasons for, individuals’ perception of personal risk. Data were obtained by a retrospective, cross‐sectional telephone survey of 2057 randomly selected English‐speaking residents of Ontario, Canada conducted between May 2005 and April 2006. Data were collected on the occurrence of acute gastrointestinal illness during the 28 days prior to the survey, demographics, respondents’ perception of their personal risk of acute gastrointestinal illness compared with the average person, and the reasons for this perception. Associations with perception of illness were evaluated using ordinal logistic regression and reasons for perception of risk were explored qualitatively. Optimistic bias was present among all respondents, but was not statistically significant within the group that had experienced acute gastrointestinal illness in the previous 28 days. Rural residency and not having experienced acute gastrointestinal illness in the previous 28 days were associated with a lower perception of risk compared with the average person. Proportionally fewer individuals who had not completed secondary education saw themselves as at less than average risk. The most common reason given for the perception of lower risk was that the respondent was healthier than the average person, although personal lifestyle choices also were provided as reasons. The presence of optimistic bias may negatively impact compliance with public health initiatives to reduce acute gastrointestinal illness. Therefore, recognizing the demographic characteristics associated with a perception of lower risk and understanding the reasons for this perception may help with targeting effective preventive messaging.
Cytokines across the Night in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome with and without Fibromyalgia
Authors: Nakamura Toru , Schwander Stephan K. , Donnelly Robert , Ortega Felix , Togo Fumiharu , Broderick Gordon , Yamamoto Yoshiharu , Cherniack Neil S. , Rapoport David , Natelson Benjamin H. 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACT
The symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) are consistent with cytokine dysregulation. This has led to the hypothesis of immune dysregulation as the cause of this illness. To further test this hypothesis, we did repeated blood sampling for cytokines while patients and matched healthy controls slept in the sleep lab. Because no one method for assaying cytokines is acknowledged to be better than another, we assayed for protein in serum, message in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs), and function in resting and stimulated PBLs. We found no evidence of proinflammatory cytokine upregulation. Instead, in line with some of our earlier studies, we did find some evidence to support a role for an increase in interleukin-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine. Although the changes were small, they may contribute to the common complaint in CFS patients of disrupted sleep.