bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From black and white to full color: extending redescription mining outside the Boolean world
Authors: Galbrun Esther , Miettinen Pauli 
Published: April 2012

AbstractRedescription mining is a powerful data analysis tool that is used to find multiple descriptions of the same entities. Consider geographical regions as an example. They can be characterized by the fauna that inhabits them on one hand and by their meteorological conditions on the other hand. Finding such redescriptors, a task known as niche‐finding, is of much importance in biology. Current redescription mining methods cannot handle other than Boolean data. This restricts the range of possible applications or makes discretization a pre‐requisite, entailing a possibly harmful loss of information. In niche‐finding, while the fauna can be naturally represented using a Boolean presence/absence data, the weather cannot. In this paper, we extend redescription mining to categorical and real‐valued data with possibly missing values using a surprisingly simple and efficient approach. We provide extensive experimental evaluation to study the behavior of the proposed algorithm. Furthermore, we show the statistical significance of our results using recent innovations on randomization methods. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining, 2012
Miniaturized Lab‐on‐a‐Disc (miniLOAD)
Authors: Glass Nick R. , Shilton Richie J. , Chan Peggy P. Y. , Friend James R. , Yeo Leslie Y. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA miniaturized centrifugal microfluidic platform for lab‐on‐a‐chip applications is presented. Unlike its macroscopic Lab‐on‐a‐CD counterpart, the miniature Lab‐on‐a‐Disc (miniLOAD) device does not require moving parts to drive rotation of the disc, is inexpensive, disposable, and significantly smaller, comprising a 10‐mm‐diameter SU‐8 disc fabricated through two‐step photolithography. The disc is driven to rotate using surface acoustic wave irradiation incident upon a fluid coupling layer from a pair of offset, opposing single‐phase unidirectional transducers patterned on a lithium niobate substrate. The irradiation causes azimuthally oriented acoustic streaming with sufficient intensity to rotate the disc at several thousand revolutions per minute. In this first proof‐of‐concept, the capability of the miniLOAD platform to drive capillary‐based valving and mixing in microfluidic structures on a disc similar to much larger Lab‐on‐a‐CD devices is shown. In addition, the ability to concentrate aqueous particle suspensions at radial positions in a channel in the disc dependent on the particles’ size is demonstrated. To the best of our knowledge, the miniLOAD concept is the first centrifugal microfluidic platform small enough to be self‐contained in a handheld device.
Size‐Dependent Nonlinear Weak‐Field Magnetic Behavior of Maghemite Nanoparticles
Authors: de Montferrand Caroline , Lalatonne Yoann , Bonnin Dominique , Lièvre Nicole , Lecouvey Marc , Monod Philippe , Russier Vincent , Motte Laurence 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe magnetic behavior at room temperature of maghemite nanoparticles of variable sizes (from 7 to 20 nm) is compared using a conventional super quantum interference device (SQUID) and a recently patented technology, called MIAplex. The SQUID usually measures the magnetic response versus an applied magnetic field in a quasi‐static mode until high field values (from –4000 to 4000 kA m−1) to determine the field‐dependence and saturation magnetization of the sample. The MIAplex is a handheld portable device that measures a signal corresponding to the second derivative of the magnetization around zero field (between –15 and 15 kA m−1). In this paper, the magnetic response of the size series is correlated, both in diluted and powder form, between the SQUID and MIAplex. The SQUID curves are measured at room temperature in two magnetic field ranges from –4000 to 4000 kA m−1 (–5T to 5T) and from –15 to 15 kA m−1. Nonlinear behavior at weak fields is highlighted and the magnetic curves for diluted solutions evolve from quasi‐paramagnetic to superparamagnetic behavior when the size of the nanoparticles increases. For the 7‐nm sample, the fit of the magnetization with the Langevin model weighted with log‐normal distribution corresponds closely to the magnetic size. This confirms the accuracy of the model of non‐interacting superparamagnetic particles with a magnetically frustrated surface layer of about 0.5 nm thickness. For the other samples (10‐nm to 21‐nm), the experimental weak‐field magnetization curves are modeled by more than one population of magnetically responding species. This behavior is consistent with a chemically uniform but magnetically distinct structure composed of a core and a magnetically active nanoparticle canted shell. Accordingly the weak‐field signature corresponds to the total assembly of the nanoparticles. The impact of size polydispersity is also discussed.
Incremental testing of finite state machines
Authors: Chaves Pedrosa Lehilton Lelis , Vieira Moura Arnaldo 
Published: April 2012

SUMMARYThe automatic generation of test suites for systems modelled as finite state machines (FSMs) is an important problem that impacts several critical applications. Known methods that automatically generate tests for FSMs, specially the W‐method and some derivations, strongly assume that the number of system states is small. If the overall number of states in the FSM specification is relatively large, such methods become difficult to use. However, often in practice, a system is defined as a combination of several subsystems, with the latter already independently designed, developed and tested. In this paper, we define the concept of combined FSMs and introduce a new method to test modular compositions of FSMs. This method allows for a new incremental testing strategy that turns the testing of new systems into a much more scalable process. As an example, we present an infinite family of naturally occurring FSM models for which our method produces exponentially more compact test suites than the W‐method. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predator occupancy rates in a thinned ponderosa pine forest, Arizona: A pilot study
Authors: Barrett Kevin J. , Kalies Elizabeth L. , Chambers Carol L. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThroughout northern Arizona, USA, forest thinning in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests has become a common practice to reduce the threat of stand‐replacing wildfire and to increase plant and animal diversity across the landscape. To determine how thinning affects predator occurrence, we assessed relationships between predator occupancy and the density of small mammals (prey) across a range of tree stocking levels (basal area of 10–65 m2/ha). Predators were detected using 2 techniques: baited track plates and motion‐sensitive cameras. We sampled 33 sites for 2 weeks each in order to detect presence of predators, and estimated occupancy using occupancy models and multimodel inference. We modeled occupancy rates for gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), coyote (Canis latrans), and raccoon (Procyon lotor). Our results suggest that thinning may have a positive influence on gray fox and coyote abundance, but a negative influence on raccoon abundance. However, our inability to develop strong models that predicted predator occupancy indicates that higher sample sizes and more habitat covariates are needed. Our simulations indicated that, given our occupancy and detection rates, a sample size of 75 sites would allow us to better model occupancy covariates. Overall, we found that predator occupancy can be assessed at large spatial scales using occupancy approaches, particularly using motion‐sensitive cameras, which were the most time‐ and cost‐efficient of the methods we analyzed. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Evaluation of a clutch‐containment method during hatch in geese: Using resident Canada geese as an example
Authors: Guerena Katherine B. , Castelli Paul M. , Nichols Theodore C. , Williams Christopher K. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractDisruption associated with nest visits during the hatch period of waterfowl can cause partial abandonment of hatchlings, potentially causing bias in the survival of marked birds. We evaluated the use of a mesh clutch‐containment bag to capture and mark entire broods of 151 resident Canada goose (Branta canadensis) nests, prior to hatch, while minimizing observer‐caused disruption during brooding. The study was conducted in New Jersey, USA, from April to June 2010. No differences were found in hatch success or the number of hatchlings marked between contained clutches and the control group. Although this technique was not beneficial in studying gosling survival in temperate nesting populations, it may be effective in sub‐Arctic nesting conditions where nest visits are conducted using a more invasive approach such as a helicopter. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Deciphering the complexities of human diseases and disorders by coupling induced‐pluripotent stem cells and systems genetics
Authors: Chang Wing Y. , Garcha Kamal , Manias Janet L. , Stanford William L. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe recent discovery that adult mouse and human somatic cells can be ‘reprogrammed’ to a state of pluripotency by ectopic expression of only a few transcription factors has already made a major impact on the biomedical community. For the first time, it is possible to study diseases on an individual patient basis, which may eventually lead to the realization of personalized medicine. The utility of induced‐pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) for modeling human diseases has greatly benefitted from established human embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation and tissue engineering protocols developed to generate many different cell and tissue types. The limited access to preimplantation genetic tested embryos and the difficulty in gene targeting human ESCs have restricted the use of human ESCs in modeling human disease. Afforded by iPSC technology is the ability to study disease pathogenesis as it unfolds during tissue morphogenesis. The complexities of molecular signaling and interplay with protein transduction during disease progression necessitate a systems approach to studying human diseases, whereby data can be statistically integrated by sorting out the signal to noise issues that arise from global biological changes associated with disease versus experimental noise. Using a systems approach, biomarkers can be identified that define the initiation or progression of disease and likewise can serve as putative therapeutic targets. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2012 doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1170This article is categorized under:

Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Cellular Models
Laboratory Methods and Technologies > Genetic/Genomic Methods
Translational, Genomic, and Systems Medicine > Translational Medicine
Construction of a URA3 deletion strain from the allotetraploid bottom‐fermenting yeast Saccharomyces pastorianus
Authors: Murakami Nobutada , Miyoshi Sae , Yokoyama Ryo , Hoshida Hisashi , Akada Rinji , Ogata Tomoo 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe bottom‐fermenting lager yeast Saccharomyces pastorianus has been proposed to be allotetraploid, containing two S. cerevisiae (Sc)‐type and two S. bayanus (Sb)‐type chromosomes. This chromosomal constitution likely explains why recessive mutants of S. pastorianus have not previously been reported. Here we describe the construction of a ura3 deletion strain derived from the lager strain Weihenstephan34/70 by targeted transformation and subsequent loss of heterozygosity (LOH). Initially, deletion constructs of the Sc and Sb types of URA3 were constructed in laboratory yeast strains in which a TDH3p‐hygro allele conferring hygromycin B resistance replaced ScURA3 and a KanMX cassette conferring G‐418 resistance replaced SbURA3. The lager strain was then transformed with these constructs to yield a heterozygous URA3 disruptant (ScURA3+/Scura3Δ::TDH3p‐hygro, SbURA3+/Sbura3Δ::KanMX), which was plated on 5‐fluoroorotic acid (5‐FOA) plates to generate the desired Ura– homozygous disruptant (Scura3Δ::TDH3p‐hygro/Scura3Δ::TDH3p‐hygro Sbura3Δ::KanMX/Sbura3Δ::KanMX) through LOH. This ura3 deletion strain was then used to construct a bottom‐fermenting yeast transformant overexpressing ATF1 that encodes an enzyme that produces acetate esters. The ATF1‐overexpressing transformant produced significantly more acetate esters than the parent strain. The constructed ura3∆ lager strain will be a useful host for constructing strains of relevance to brewing. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Do We Overtreat Post‐Thyroidectomy Hypocalcemia?
Authors: Huang Shih‐Ming 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackgroundCalcium and calcitriol supplements are standard for patients with post‐thyroidectomy serum calcium <2.0 mmol/L; however, we wondered whether we overtreat post‐thyroidectomy hypocalcemia with intraoperative parathyroid hormone (PTH). We examined quick‐intraoperative intact PTH (QiPTH) assay results to find a suitable treatment for post‐thyroidectomy hypocalcemia.MethodsWe studied 197 bilateral thyroidectomy patients. Post‐thyroidectomy hypocalcemia was defined as serum calcium <2.0 mmol/L. A QiPTH assay was done 15 min after the thyroidectomy (QiPTH15), and hypoparathyroidism was defined as PTH <15 ng/L. The QiPTH15 assay was used to determine the effects of the thyroidectomy on postoperative PTH levels and serum calcium levels. The natural course and medical response of hypocalcemia was observed in patients with a QiPTH15 ≥15 ng/L.ResultsNone of the 187 patients with a QiPTH15 ≥15 ng/L developed postoperative hypoparathyroidism. However, 79 patients developed transient hypocalcemia, and those with Graves’ disease (47/94) had significantly (p < 0.05) higher hypocalcemia than those with non‐Graves’ thyroid disease (32/93). The serum calcium of these 79 patients declined to its lowest level within the first postoperative 18 h. Seven patients with serum calcium <1.75 mmol/L were successfully treated using a calcium supplement only, and the others recovered spontaneously without treatment.ConclusionsWhen post‐thyroidectomy QiPTH15 was ≥15 ng/L, postoperative hypoparathyroidism was excluded, but more than one‐third of the patients developed post‐thyroidectomy hypocalcemia. However, most of them recovered without treatment, and a few recovered after taking only a calcium supplement. We believe that using QiPTH15 results as a guide will prevent overtreatment of post‐thyroidectomy hypocalcemia.
Degradation kinetics of 4-amino naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid by a biofilm-forming bacterial consortium under carbon and nitrogen limitations
Authors: Juárez-Ramírez C , Velázquez-García R , Ruiz-Ordaz N , Galíndez-Mayer J , Ramos Monroy O 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
By decolorization of azo dyes, caused by reductive cleavage of the azo linkage, toxic or recalcitrant amines are generated. The present study deals with the effect of the inflowing medium composition (C:N ratio) on the kinetic behavior of a bacterial biofilm-forming consortium, able to use as carbon, nitrogen and sulfur source, the molecule of 4-aminonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid (4ANS), which is one of the most recalcitrant byproducts generated by decolorization of azo dyes. All the experiments were carried out at room temperature in a lab-scale packed-bed biofilm reactor. Because environmental conditions affect the bioreactor performance, two mineral salts media containing 4ANS, with distinct C:N ratios; 0.68 (carbon as the limiting nutrient) and 8.57 (nitrogen as the limiting nutrient) were used to evaluate their effect on 4ANS biodegradation. By HPLC and COD measurements, the 4ANS removal rates and removal efficiencies were determined. The cultivable bacterial strains that compose the consortium were identified by their 16S rDNA gene sequence. With the enrichment technique used, a microbial consortium able to use efficiently 4ANS as the sole carbon source and energy, nitrogen and sulfur, was selected. The bacterial strains that constitute the consortium were isolated and identified. They belong to the following genera: Bacillus, Arthrobacter, Microbacterium, Nocardioides, and Oleomonas. The results obtained with this consortium showed, under nitrogen limitation, a remarkable increase in the 4ANS removal efficiency ηANS, and in the 4ANS volumetric removal rates R V,4ANS, as compared to those obtained under carbon limitation. Differences observed in bioreactor performance after changing the nutrient limitation could be caused by changes in biofilm properties and structure.
Gesundheit schützen, Gesundheit fördern – föderal, kommunal
Authors: Benterbusch Reinhild 
Published: April 2012

Einleitung
Ein Viertel Jahrhundert ist es nun her, dass die visionäre Ottawa Charta „Health for all“ als gesundheitspolitisches Rahmenkonzept von den WHO Mitgliedstaaten verabschiedet wurde. Der „Gesundheits“-Begriff, den die WHO-Experten der Charta damals zu Grunde legten, basiert nicht primär auf einer biologischen sondern auf einer sozialen Perspektive. Diese lenkt den Blick auf die Lebens-„Bedingungen“ von Menschen, was bedeutet: Gesundheit und Krankheit sind eng verknüpft mit den jeweiligen sozialen, materiellen, kulturellen und umweltbezogenen Lebensbedingungen der Menschen in einer Gesellschaft.
Eine Hochschule als Impulsgeber sozialer Stadtteilentwicklung? Die EH Freiburg und der Freiburger Stadtteil Weingarten
Authors: Dietz Berthold 
Published: April 2012

Einleitung
Was hat eine Hochschule in einem Wohngebiet zu suchen? Hochschulen sind häufig eher Eigenareale und in der Regel selbstreferenzielle Bezugspunkte anderer Milieus sind als die, die sie nachbarschaftlich umgeben. Die Evangelische Hochschule Freiburg mag hier ein bisschen aus der Rolle fallen. Sie liegt mitten im größten und sozialstrukturell fragilsten Freiburger Stadtteil Weingarten. In dem, wie sich Hochschule aber für den Sozialraum interessiert und sich in ihn hinein vernetzt, kann sie einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Stadt(teil)entwicklung liefern.
Gesundheitsrisiken und Luftverschmutzung in urbanen Lebensräumen
Authors: Zscheppang Anja , Kirch Wilhelm 
Published: April 2012

Einleitung
Gesundheit ist ein hohes Gut, welches möglichst lange erhalten bleiben soll. Ob ein Mensch gesund ist, hängt von vielen Einflussfaktoren ab. Ein Faktor, der lange Zeit kaum Beachtung fand, jedoch nachweislich den Gesundheitszustand der Menschen beeinflussen kann, ist die Luftqualität. Luft und damit auch Schadstoffe umgeben uns sowohl im Freien als auch in Innenräumen in unterschiedlicher Konzentration. Sie wirken sich in bestimmten Konzentrationen nachweislich negativ auf die Gesundheit aus.
The Bonneville Estates Rockshelter rodent fauna and changes in Late Pleistocene–Middle Holocene climates and biogeography in the Northern Bonneville Basin, USA
Authors: Schmitt Dave N. , Lupo Karen D. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractExcavations at Bonneville Estates Rockshelter, Nevada recovered rodent remains from stratified deposits spanning the past ca. 12,50014C yr BP (14,800 cal yr BP). Specimens from horizons dating to the late Pleistocene and early Holocene include species adapted to montane and moist and cool habitats, including yellow-bellied marmot (Marmota flaviventris) and bushy-tailed woodrat (Neotoma cinerea). Shortly after 900014C BP (10,200 cal yr BP) these mammals became locally extinct, or nearly so, taxonomic diversity declined, and the region became dominated by desert woodrats (Neotoma lepida) and other species well-adapted to xeric, low-elevation settings. The timing and nature of changes in the Bonneville Estates rodent fauna are similar to records reported from nearby Homestead and Camels Back caves and provide corroborative data on terminal Pleistocene–early Holocene environments and mammalian responses to middle Holocene desertification. Moreover, the presence of northern pocket gopher (Thomomys talpoides) at Bonneville Estates adds to a sparse regional record for that species and similar to Homestead Cave, it appears that the ca. 950014C yr BP (10,800 cal yr BP) replacement of the northern pocket gopher by Botta's pocket gopher in the Great Salt Lake Desert vicinity was also in response to climate change.
Observational evidence from direct current measurements for propagation of remotely forced waves on the shelf off the west coast of India
Authors: Amol P. , Shankar D. , Aparna S. G. , Shenoi S. S. C. , Fernando V. , Shetye S. R. , Mukherjee A. , Agarvadekar Y. , Khalap S. , Satelkar N. P. 
Published: April 2012

We use data from six Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) moorings deployed during March–September 2008 on the continental shelf and slope off Bhatkal, Goa, and Jaigarh on the central west coast of India to present evidence for poleward propagation of shelf or coastal‐trapped waves (CTWs). Wave propagation is seen on the shelf in the 20–40‐day, 10–14‐day, and 3–5‐day‐period bands. The lag from south to north indicates that remote forcing is important even at periods as short as 4 days. Using QuikSCAT wind data, we show that the contribution of remote forcing to the shelf West Indian Coastal Current (WICC) is significant even when the local alongshore wind is strong, as during the summer‐monsoon onset during May–June, and forces a strong local response that masks the effect of remote forcing. Forced wave calculations using CTW theory show that remote forcing of the WICC is present at all times, but is most striking when the local winds are weak, as during March–April. The CTW calculations show that the source region for the remote forcing may extend beyond the west coast into the Gulf of Mannar between India and Sri Lanka. On the slope, propagation is seen only at the 4‐day period. At higher periods, the slope WICC decorrelates rapidly along the coast, but upward phase propagation, implying downward propagation of energy associated with poleward propagation, is evident even at these higher periods.
Field measurement of upper ocean turbulence dissipation associated with wave‐turbulence interaction in the South China Sea
Authors: Huang Chuan Jiang , Qiao Fangli , Dai Dejun , Ma Hongyu , Guo Jingsong 
Published: April 2012

The turbulence dissipation rate within the mixed layer was measured in the open ocean and the coastal water of the South China Sea under moderate winds of 4.7 ∼ 8.9 m s−1 using a free‐falling MSS profiler. In the open ocean, the profile of the dissipation rate within the mixed layer exhibited an exponential decay with the depth at most stations, which was satisfactorily consistent with that predicted by the parameterization of wave‐turbulence interaction presented by Huang and Qiao (2010) while deviating from that by the law of the wall. In the coastal ocean, however, both the parameterization of wave‐turbulence interaction and the law of the wall can give approximate predictions to the measured dissipation rate.