bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction of moribund category to OECD fish acute test and its effect on suffering and LC50 values
Authors: Rufli Hans 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
It has become common practice in many laboratories in Europe to introduce the criterion “moribund” to reduce the suffering in fish acute lethality tests. Fish with severe sublethal symptoms might be declared moribund and are removed from the test as soon as this occurs (premature discontinuation of experiment). Moribund fish affect main study outcomes as the median lethal concentration (LC50) derived on fish declared as moribund may be lower than the conventional LC50. This was evaluated by a retrospective analysis of 328 fish acute toxicity tests of an industry laboratory based on five different definitions of moribund, and of 111 tests from 10 other laboratories from Europe and the United States. Using the criterion of moribund 10 to 23% of the fish were being declared as moribund in 49 to 79% of the studies. In 36 to 52% of the studies, the LC50moribund was lower than the conventional LC50 depending on the definitions of moribund. An inclusion of the moribund criterion in an updated Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development guideline for the acute fish toxicity test would reduce the period of suffering by up to 92 h, lowering the value of the main toxicity endpoint by a factor of approximately 2, and maximal by a factor of approximately 16. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 1107–1112. © 2012 SETAC
Short-term macroinvertebrate recruitment and sediment accumulation: A novel field chamber approach
Authors: Kochersberger Jon P. , Burton G. Allen , Custer Kevin W. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Stream-deposited sediment is one of the major stressors affecting stream biota. Several methods exist to quantify stream sediment embeddedness, but they are relatively qualitative and operationally defined. The authors developed a short-term in situ embeddedness chamber method to measure aquatic insect recruitment and associated sediment accumulation in a more quantitative, better replicated manner. With sediment accumulation and aquatic insect recruitment as endpoints, three exposure periods were evaluated (4, 7, and 14 d) on a low-order stream (Honey Creek, New Carlisle, Ohio, USA) and a medium-order stream (Stillwater River, Covington, Ohio, USA). Chamber results show significant positive correlations between newly deposited fine sediment and insect recruitment. Embeddedness was also measured using the more conventional techniques of the Burns method and the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Assessment Program method. This in situ chamber method allows for increased experimental options for assessing the stress of embeddedness and siltation on benthic communities and may prove useful for investigating the resilience of benthic communities after disturbances. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 1098–1106. © 2012 SETAC
Changes in strawberry volatile constituents after pre‐harvest treatment with natural hormonal compounds
Authors: Blanch Gracia Patricia , del Castillo María Luisa Ruiz 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTThe effect of the pre‐harvest treatment with ethanol (EtOH), methyl jasmonate (MJ) and both of them in combination on volatile compounds in strawberry was investigated by applying different concentrations of the hormonal compounds to strawberry plants. In general terms, all treated strawberries exhibited higher total volatile content than untreated control strawberries. Surprisingly, the level of total volatiles dropped significantly by exposing the berries to the highest MJ concentration. This is probably owing to a delay in the strawberry ripening process. The effect of the pre‐harvest treatments on specific volatile compounds varied with the chemical structure of the studied compounds. Some of the most important contributors to strawberry aroma (i.e. ethyl butanoate, butyl acetate, hexyl acetate and 2,5‐dimethyl‐4‐hydroxy‐2H‐furan‐3‐one) were not significantly affected by MJ/EtOH treatments whereas others (i.e. ethyl hexanoate and methyl hexanoate) were significantly modified. Similarly, some minor compounds, such as styrene, 2‐hexenal, 2‐heptanone, exhibited insignificant changes with the pre‐harvest exposition of strawberry to natural hormonal compounds whilst the levels of linalool, nonanol and nerolidol were significantly distinct between controls and treated samples. No significant variations of the enantiomeric composition of chiral volatile compounds with the treatments were observed, however. The results suggest that the pre‐harvest treatment of strawberry plants with natural hormonal compounds is able to slow ripening process by affecting the biochemical pathways implicated in the formation of their components. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Para‐inflammation‐mediated retinal recruitment of bone marrow‐derived myeloid cells following whole‐body irradiation is CCL2 dependent
Authors: Chen Mei , Zhao Jiawu , Luo Chang , Pandi Sudha Priya Soundara , Penalva Rosana G. , Fitzgerald Denise C. , Xu Heping 
Published: February 2012

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that following whole‐body irradiation bone marrow (BM)‐derived cells can migrate into the central nervous system, including the retina, to give rise to microglia‐like cells. The detailed mechanism, however, remains elusive. We show in this study that a single‐dose whole‐body γ‐ray irradiation (8 Gy) induced subclinical damage (i.e., DNA damage) in the neuronal retina, which is accompanied by a low‐grade chronic inflammation, para‐inflammation, characterized by upregulated expression of chemokines (CCL2, CXCL12, and CX3CL1) and complement components (C4 and CFH), and microglial activation. The upregulation of chemokines CCL2 and CXCL12 and complement C4 lasted for more than 160 days, whereas the expression of CX3CL1 and CFH was upregulated for 2 weeks. Both resident microglia and BM‐derived phagocytes displayed mild activation in the neuronal retina following irradiation. When BM cells from CX3CR1gfp/+ mice or CX3CR1gfp/gfp mice were transplanted to wild‐type C57BL/6 mice, more than 90% of resident CD11b+ cells were replaced by donor‐derived GFP+ cells after 6 months. However, when transplanting CX3CR1gfp/+ BM cells into CCL2‐deficient mice, only 20% of retinal CD11b+ cells were replaced by donor‐derived cells at 6 month. Our results suggest that the neuronal retina suffers from a chronic stress following whole‐body irradiation, and a para‐inflammatory response is initiated, presumably to rectify the insults and maintain homeostasis. The recruitment of BM‐derived myeloid cells is a part of the para‐inflammatory response and is CCL2 but not CX3CL1 dependent. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effective delivery of chemotherapeutic nanoparticles by depleting host Kupffer cells
Authors: Ohara Yusuke , Oda Tatsuya , Yamada Keiichi , Hashimoto Shinji , Akashi Yoshimasa , Miyamoto Ryoichi , Kobayashi Akihiko , Fukunaga Kiyoshi , Sasaki Ryoko , Ohkohchi Nobuhiro 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAlthough chemotherapeutic nanoparticles would confer various advantages, the majority of administrated nanoparticles are known to be spoiled by the reticuloendothelial system (RES). Intending to more effectively deliver therapeutic nanoparticles to target regions in vivo, host RES, especially Kupffer cells in the liver, have been depleted ahead of drug administration. To demonstrate this hypothesis, clodronate liposomes were preinjected into BALB/c nude mice for depletion of Kupffer cells 2 days before, and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (Doxil) at the doses of 1.25, 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg was administered. As a result, doxorubicin accumulation in the liver was decreased from 36 to 26% injected dose/organ by the Kupffer cells depletion, and consequently, the plasma concentration of doxorubicin was significantly enhanced threefold (from 11 to 33 μg/mL) on day 1 at 1.25 mg/kg‐dose group. Doxorubicin accumulation in the tumor was increased from 0.78 to 3.0 μg/g‐tissue on day 3, and tumor growth inhibition by Doxil was significantly boosted (tumor volumes from 751 to 482 mm3 on day 24) by the Kupffer cells depletion. In conclusion, Kupffer cells depletion by clodronate liposomes enhanced the plasma concentration and antitumor effects of Doxil, and would be widely applicable for various clinical cancer chemotherapies using nanoparticles.
Histone deacetylase inhibitors enhance the apoptotic activity of insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐3 by blocking PKC‐induced IGFBP‐3 degradation
Authors: Oh Seung Hyun , Whang Young Mi , Min Hye‐Young , Han Seung Ho , Kang Ju‐Hee , Song Ki‐Hoon , Glisson Bonnie S. , Kim Yeul Hong , Lee Ho‐Young 
Published: February 2012

AbstractOverexpression of insulin‐like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)‐3 induces apoptosis of cancer cells. However, preexisting resistance to IGFBP‐3 could limit its antitumor activities. This study characterizes the efficacy and mechanism of the combination of recombinant IGFBP‐3 (rIGFBP‐3) and HDAC inhibitors to overcome IGFBP‐3 resistance in a subset of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells. The effects of the combination of rIGFBP‐3 and a number of HDAC inhibitors on cell proliferation and apoptosis were assessed in vitro and in vivo by using the MTT assay, a flow cytometry‐based TUNEL assay, Western blot analyses and the NSCLC xenograft tumor model. Combined treatment with HDAC inhibitors and rIGFBP‐3 had synergistic antiproliferative effects accompanied by increased apoptosis rates in a subset of NSCLC and HNSCC cell lines in vitro. Moreover, combined treatment with depsipeptide and rIGFBP‐3 completely suppressed tumor growth and increased the apoptosis rate in vivo in H1299 NSCLC xenografts. Evidence suggests that HDAC inhibitors increased the half‐life of rIGFBP‐3 protein by blocking protein kinase C (PKC)‐mediated phosphorylation and degradation of rIGFBP‐3. In addition, combined treatment of IGFBP‐3 with an HDAC inhibitor facilitates apoptosis through upregulation of rIGFBP‐3 stability and Akt signaling inhibition. The ability of HDAC inhibitors to decrease PKC activation may enhance apoptotic activities of rIGFBP‐3 in NSCLC cells in vitro and in vivo. These results indicated that combined treatment with HDAC inhibitor and rIGFBP‐3 could be an effective treatment strategy for NSCLC and HNSCC with highly activated PKC.
Depressive‐symptom onset during toddlerhood in a sample of depressed preschoolers: Implications for future investigations of major depressive disorder in toddlers
Authors: Luby Joan , Belden Andy 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThis study investigated the occurrence of depressive symptoms prior to age 36 months as retrospectively reported by parents of preschoolers with clinical depression. The study provides some of the first empirical data on the manifestations of depressive symptoms during the toddler period, advancing existing theoretical and case‐report literature. A sample of 301 (depressed, disruptive, and healthy) children between the ages of 3.0 and 6.0 years were screened and oversampled for depressive symptoms from community sites. Primary caregivers (parents) were interviewed about their child's symptoms of depression (as well as other symptoms of mental disorders and developmental parameters), and age of first onset of depressive symptoms was ascertained. Findings suggest that clinical‐level symptoms of depression may arise as early as age 24 months. The domain of negative self‐concept during the toddler period evidenced by self‐deprecation and difficulty making choices emerged as the two strongest variables predictive of preschool depression. Our results suggest that prospective empirical studies of depressive symptoms in children younger than 3 years of age should now be undertaken.
Cooperation of myocardin and smad2 in inducing differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into smooth muscle cells
Authors: Wang Nan , Ren Guang‐Da , Zhou Zhen , Xu Yao , Qin Tao , Yu Ru‐Fa , Zhang Tong‐Cun 
Published: February 2012

AbstractSeveral reports demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) might differentiate into smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in vitro and in vivo. It has been shown that myocardin protein is a strong inducer of smooth muscle genes and MSCs can differentiate into SMCs in response to transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β). However, the relationship or link between myocardin and TGF‐β3‐induced MSC differentiation has not been fully elucidated. Here, we demonstrated that both myocardin and TGF‐β3 were able to induce differentiation of rat bone marrow‐derived MSCs toward smooth‐muscle‐like cell types, as evidenced by increasing expression of SMC‐specific genes. Of note, myocardin cooperated with Smad2 to synergistically activate SM22α promoter and significantly enhance the expression of SM22α. Report assays with site‐direct mutation analysis of SM22α promoter demonstrated that myocardin and Smad2 coactivated SM22α promoter mainly depending on CArG box and less on smad binding elements (SBE) sites as well. These findings reveal the cooperation of myocardin and Smad2 in process of MSC differentiation into SMCs. © 2012 IUBMB Life, 64(4): 331–339, 2012
Does a redox cycle provide a mechanism for setting the capacity of neuroglobin to protect cells from apoptosis?
Authors: Brittain Thomas , Skommer Joanna 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWe hypothesize that the various, previously reported, reactivities of neuroglobin with redox partners and oxygen provide for the establishment of a redox cycle within cells, such as neurons and retinal rod cells. Using native cell lysates, from cultured human cells of neuronal origin, we have estimated the rate of reduction of the oxidized form of neuroglobin in vivo. Furthermore we provide evidence that the cytosol of these cells contains factors (presumably enzymes) capable of employing either glutathione or NADH as re‐reductants of ferric neuroglobin. Taken in conjunction with previous rate data, for the various redox reactions of neuroglobin, this information allows us to set up a computer model to estimate the steady state cellular level of the antiapoptotic ferrous form of neuroglobin. This model indicates that the steady state level of antiapoptotic neuroglobin is very sensitive to the cellular oxygen tension and moderately sensitive to the redox status of the cell. Further analysis indicates that such a system would be capable of significant modification, on the seconds time scale, following hypoxic transition, as is likely in stroke. We hypothesize that this mechanism might provide a moderately rapid mechanism for adjusting the antiapoptotic status of a cell, whilst the reaction of neuroglobin with mitochondrial cytochrome c provides a very rapid, but limited, capacity to intervene in the apoptotic pathway. © 2012 IUBMB Life, 2012
A systematic review of risk factors associated with transitioning from regional musculoskeletal pain to chronic widespread pain
Authors: Larsson B. , Björk J. , Börsbo B. , Gerdle B. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractChronic widespread pain has limited treatment options and is associated with pronounced negative individual and socioeconomic consequences. Patients with local or regional pain may be at a risk for developing chronic widespread pain. Knowledge of such risk factors can help prevent chronic widespread pain. This study systematically reviews the literature that examines risk factors associated with developing chronic widespread after developing chronic regional pain. We conducted a three‐step database search in Medline. Four articles from the authors' files formed a core set of articles that were used to validate the search strategy. We conducted a systematic quality assessment of the included studies. Based on risk estimations reported in six prospective population‐based studies and one retrospective study on pain, this study identified five risk factors: female sex, higher age, family history of pain, depressed mode and pain sites at baseline. As only a few studies were recovered, the impact of these factors is unclear. Spreading of pain from local or regional pain to widespread pain occurs in a large proportion of the general population. Few studies have addressed similar risk factors and the few risk factors associated with the transition from chronic regional pain to chronic widespread pain are inconsistent. Studies that focus on this transition have included few subjects and few possible risk factors. Future studies should explore more possible risk factors.
Biocompatibility and resorption of a radiopaque premixed calcium phosphate cement
Authors: Åberg J. , Henriksson H. B. , Engqvist H. , Palmquist A. , Brantsing C. , Lindahl A. , Thomsen P. , Brisby H. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractCalcium phosphate cements (CPC) are used as bone void filler in various orthopedic indications; however, there are some major drawbacks regarding mixing, transfer, and injection of traditional CPC. By using glycerol as mixing liquid, a premixed calcium phosphate cement (pCPC), some of these difficulties can be overcome. In the treatment of vertebral fractures the handling characteristics need to be excellent including a high radio‐opacity for optimal control during injection. The aim of this study is to evaluate a radiopaque pCPC regarding its resorption behavior and biocompatibility in vivo. pCPC and a water‐based CPC were injected into a Ø 4‐mm drilled femur defect in rabbits. The rabbits were sacrificed after 2 and 12 weeks. Cross sections of the defects were evaluated using histology, electron microscopy, and immunohistochemical analysis. Signs of inflammation were evaluated both locally and systemically. The results showed a higher bone formation in the pCPC compared to the water‐based CPC after 2 weeks by expression of RUNX‐2. After 12 weeks most of the cement had been resorbed in both groups. Both materials were considered to have a high biocompatibility since no marked immunological response was induced and extensive bone ingrowth was observed. The conclusion from the study was that pCPC with ZrO2 radiopacifier is a promising alternative regarding bone replacement material and may be suggested for treatment of, for example, vertebral fractures based on its high biocompatibility, fast bone ingrowth, and good handling properties. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A:, 2012.
Normal reference ranges of inferior vena cava doppler indices from 14 to 40 weeks of gestation
Authors: Luewan Suchaya , Srisupundit Kasemsri , Tongprasert Fuanglada , Tongsong Theera 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjective:To establish normal reference ranges of inferior vena cava (IVC) Doppler velocities in normal singleton pregnancies from 14 to 40 weeks.Methods:A prospective descriptive study was conducted on normal singleton pregnancies with confirmed gestational age. The sonographic measurements of IVC Doppler indices, including preload index, peak velocity index for vein, and pulsatility index for vein, were determined by experienced sonographers.Results:A total of 645 measurements were performed, ranging from 12 to 30 measurements available for each gestational week. The relationship between gestational age and IVC Doppler indices was not linear. The best‐fitted regression equations for the indices are as follows:

(GA = gestational age in week)All IVC Doppler indices rapidly declined from 14 to 20 weeks of gestation and then they were relatively constant or slightly decreased throughout the rest of pregnancy. The tables of normal reference ranges were constructed.Conclusions:Normal reference ranges of IVC Doppler indices for each gestational week from 14 to 40 weeks were constructed. This normative data may be a useful noninvasive tool in evaluation of fetal cardiac function. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2012
Sonographic appearance of nontraumatic tear of flexor carpi radialis muscle—a case report
Authors: Hsiao Ming‐Yen , Wang Tyng‐Guey , Wu Chueh‐Hung 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWe present an unusual case of a man with a nontraumatic tear of the flexor carpi radialis muscle after a regular swimming exercise, without known precipitation factors. The muscle tear was diagnosed by ultrasonography, which showed a cystic mass with increased peripheral vascularity, and was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging. After conservative treatment, follow‐up ultrasonography showed resolution of the hematoma. The patient was able to continue swimming without pain or limitation of function. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 2013
Charge and substituent effects on the stability of porphyrin/G‐quadruplex adducts
Authors: Ramos Catarina I. V. , Tomé João P. C. , Santana‐Marques M. G. 
Published: February 2012

The adduct ions of two tetramolecular G‐quadruplexes formed from the d(TGGGGT) and d(TTGGGGGT) single strands with a group of cationic porphyrins, with different charges and substituents, and one neutral porphyrin, were investigated by ESI‐MS and ESI‐MS/MS in the negative ion mode. Formation of [Q + nNH4++Pp+‐(z + n + p)H+]z‐ adduct ions (where Q = quadruplex, n = number of quartets minus 1, P = porphyrin and p+ =0,1,2,3,4) indicates that the porphyrins are bound outside the quadruplexes providing an additional stabilization to those structures.The fragmentation pathways of the [Q + nNH4++Pp+‐(z + n + p)H+]z‐ adduct ions depend on the number of positive charges (p+) of the porphyrins and on the overall complex charge (z‐), but do not show a significant dependence on the type of the substituent groups in the porphyrins. Formation of the ‘unfilled’ ions [Q + Pp+‐(z + p)H+]z‐ predominates for porphyrins with a higher number of positive charges. Strand separation with the formation of [T + Pp+‐(z‐2 + p)H+](z‐2)‐ and (SS‐2H+)2‐ ions, where T = [d(TG4T)]3 and [d(T2G5T)]3 and SS = d(TG4T) and d(T2G5T) is only observed for the complexes with a higher overall negative charge. Porphyrin loss with the formation of [Q + nNH4+‐(z + n)H+]z‐ ions occurs predominantly for the neutral and monocharged porphyrins.The predominant formation of the ‘unfilled’ ions, [Q + Pp+‐(z + n)H+]z‐, for porphyrins with a higher number of charges shows that these porphyrins can prevent strand separation and preserve, at least partially, the quadruplex structure. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of protein quantification using standard peptides containing single conservative amino acid replacements
Authors: Remily‐Wood Elizabeth R. , Koomen John M. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTStructural analogs are evaluated as peptide internal standards for protein quantification with liquid chromatography‐multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (LC‐MRM); specifically, single conservative amino acid replacements (SCAR) are performed to create tagged standards that differ by the addition or subtraction of a single methylene group in one amino acid side chain. Because the performance of stable isotope‐labeled standards (SIS) has been shown to be superior to structural analogs, differences in both development and quantitative performance between assays based on SIS and SCAR peptides are explored. To establish an assay using the structural analogs, analysis of endogenous, SCAR and SIS peptides was performed to examine their ion signal, fragmentation patterns and response in LC‐MRM. Performance of SCAR and SIS peptides was compared for quantification of epidermal growth factor receptor from lung cancer cell lysates and immunoglobulin M in the serum of multiple myeloma patients. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.