bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Torus palatinus and torus mandibular is: A review of the literature
Authors: Seah Yang Howe 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe torus has been mentioned in the literature for about 180 years. However, little has been revealed about it until the last two decades when great advances were made in the field of genetics. Its occurrence in various ethnic groups ranges from 9 to 66 per cent.Even between similar ethnic groups living in different environments, different figures have been reported. It has been statistically proven that differences do occur between various ethnic groups and the sexes. In current thinking, the occurrence of tori is considered to be an interplay of genetic and environmental factors. The quasi‐continuous genetic or threshold model seems to hold the answers to their formation. This theory proposes that the environmental factors responsible must first reach a threshold level before the genetic factors can express themselves in the individual. Hence, both genetic and environmental factors determine liability, making the system multifactorial.
Cleidocranial dysplasia. Case report
Authors: TaşLar Ferda , Bulut Engin , Türner Celal , Saysel Mustafa , Muhtarogullari Mehmet 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA 29‐year‐old Caucasian woman who presented with short stature and multiple unerupted supernumerary teeth is described. Radiological investigations of her cranial and skeletal abnormalities revealed cleidocranial dysplasia. Because of the advanced age of the patient and contraindication for orthodontic treatment, only surgical and prosthetic treatment were performed. The characteristics and treatments of this rare autosomal dominant disorder are discussed.
The stability of facial osteotomies. 4. Maxillary and mandibular (with or without chin) advancement with rigid internal fixation
Authors: Hoffman Gary R. , Moloney Frank B. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe short‐term (6 weeks postoperative) and long‐term (12 months postoperative) horizontal skeletal stability of combined maxillary and mandibular advancement was evaluated by cephalometric analysis of 15 patients.The mean horizontal advancement of the maxilla was 5.84 mm. Six weeks later a mean horizontal relapse of 0.03 mm (0.05%) was identified. The mean horizontal relapse at long‐term follow‐up was 0.59 mm (10.1%).The mean horizontal advancement of the mandible was 12.35 mm at menton and 12.65 mm at pogonion. At 6 weeks, mean horizontal relapse, respectively at the above landmarks, was 0.11 mm and 0.21 mm (1.3%). The mean horizontal relapse at long‐term follow‐up was 2.19 mm and 1.98 mm (16.6%) respectively for the same landmarks.Subjectively and objectively, improvements were seen in facial aesthetics and dental occlusion. The results indicate that rigid fixation of osteotomies undertaken to correct ‘horizontal facial deficiency’ is a surgically predictable and relatively stable procedure when reviewed up to 12 months after surgery.
Complete denture problem solving: A survey
Authors: Lechner Sybille K. , Champion Harold , Tong Tak Kim 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAn investigation was carried out into the problems experienced by 114 referred patients with complete dentures who were considered to be difficult or to have difficult prosthodontic problems. The commonest problems were those of pain and lack of retention, due mainly to occlusal discrepancies and excessive VDO. Treatment was carried out on an individual basis with a large proportion of dentures being remade. However, a small number was satisfied by counselling alone without procedural treatment. A diagnostic denture technique was used for particularly difficult cases. This technique showed that, in two cases, technical prosthodontic inadequacies could definitively be excluded as the problem. The overall success rate for treatment was 80 per cent. Further studies on a larger patient sample are needed so that specific problems can be linked to cause and outcome in a meaningful manner.
Forces transmitted through EVA mouthguard materials of different types and thickness
Authors: Westerman B. , Stringfellow P. M. , Eccleston J. A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPrevious studies into sporting mouthguards have been mainly attitudinal or epidemiological. The aim of the present study was to build an impact rig to measure the impact absorbed by mouthguard materials of various thicknesses. The acceleration of the pendulum of the rig was measured and used to calculate the force transmitted to the materials.Impact tests were also performed on three commercially available mouthguard materials. Tests showed that the force transmitted through mouthguard materials was inversely related to the material thickness.Mouthguard construction techniques with ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) plastics should be monitored to avoid occlusal thinning especially on the incisal edges. Thinning results in reduction in the protection offered by the mouthguard.
A survey of the pattern of private general dental practice in Queensland, 1992
Authors: Spratley M. H. , Coyne L. N. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn 1987 all non‐specialist ADA member private practitioners in Queensland were invited to participate in a survey to determine the number of the various types of permanent restorations placed in one week and the percentage breakdown of the time they devoted to the various areas of dentistry. Results of that survey were published in 1989. The survey with a few minor changes was repeated in 1992. Results show that there has been little change in the pattern of practice over the five years with restorative dentistry still taking a very large proportion of respondents' time and similar materials being used. The dental workforce appears to be relatively stable with low rates of overseas and interstate migration. There is evidence of an increasing number of women dentists in the workforce and this is emphasized by a breakdown of the current undergraduate enrolment.
A comparative evaluation of the conventional and closed‐mouth technique for inferior alveolar nerve block
Authors: Yücel Ergun , Hutchison Iain L. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe conventional inferior alveolar nerve block is sometimes ineffective for certain clinical and anatomical reasons. As a result, alternative methods have been suggested. This double‐blind study compared the effectiveness of the Akinosi technique and conventional mandibular block injection techniques in 250 patients. It was concluded that the conventional or direct technique was more effective in achieving inferior alveolar nerve anaesthesia.
Pit and fissure sealants: Another major cornerstone in preventive dentistry
Authors: Manton David J. , Messer Louise Brearley 
Published: May 2009

AbstractDespite dramatic reductions in caries in fluoridated communities, the disease continues to occur during childhood and adolescence and there is a sustained caries susceptibility of pits and fissures. Pit and fissure sealants have been available to the dental profession for the past two decades. Closely following community water fluoridation, this use of adhesive technology is now recognized as a major cornerstone of modern preventive dentistry. However, the technique appears to have been slow in implementation by the dental profession. Recent expanded utilization of sealants in the public sector, particularly in Victoria, has increased the awareness of the procedure amongst the public and is heightening demand. A review of the pertinent literature and current trends in utilization of sealants is presented. The case is made for expanded utilization of sealants in both the public and private sectors of dental health care delivery in Australia.
Mandibulofacial dysostosis. Case report
Authors: Anil S. , Beena V. T. , Ankathil Ravindran , Remani P. , Vijayakumar T. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA case of mandibulofacial dysostosis (Treacher Collins syndrome) is presented. Clinical features and skull radiographs revealed typical anomalies associated with the syndrome. Cleft of the soft palate and unerupted multiple supernumerary teeth were present in this case. No haematological, biochemical or immunological abnormalities could be detected in the patient. Pedigree analysis showed an autosomal dominant mode of transmission of the disease. Chromosomal studies did not reveal any structural or numerical discrepancies.
Fixed prosthodontics — State of the art*
Authors: Christensen Gordon J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractFixed prosthodontics has increased in need and demand significantly over the past 40 years. This increase is related to an ageing population with more teeth retained. Diagnosis and treatment planning is more complex and requires help from qualified auxiliary persons to educate an older population, many of whom have not had major oral treatment in the past. Building‐up teeth is necessary for many, and bonded composite and amalgam are commonly used. Prefabricated posts and cores comprise a growing majority of restorations when such therapy is needed. Bonded resin cements, holding titanium or titanium alloy posts, and supporting composite cores are very popular. Proper tissue management provides excellent impressions. Pre‐operative antiinflammatory rinses, and the double‐cord tissue management technique, can provide excellent impressions. Addition reaction silicones are often the impression materials of choice. Dentists are encouraged to use all types of crowns including metal, porcelain‐fused‐to‐metal, and all‐ceramic. Glass ionomer cements are used most frequently, but hybrid glass ionomers are challenging actively and may eventually replace straight glass ionomers. Fixed prosthodontics deserves increasing dental and continuing education time because of the increased need.
The Oral Health of Childern and Adolescents in Heidelberg, Victoria, 1991
Authors: Estioko L. J. , Wright F. A. C. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractChanging patterns of oral health were investigated in a selected population of children and adolescents in Heidelberg, Victoria. Oral health was examined in terms of caries experience, oral hygiene and gingival condition. The findings were compared with the results of a study conducted in the same area 10 years previously. The findings were also related to sociodemographic variables such as age, sex, and ethnic and socioeconomic background.A random sample of 403 children and adolescents aged 6–8 years, 11–13 years, and 14–16 years were selected from 5 primary schools and 3 secondary schools in the area. A questionnaire eliciting sociodemographic information was administered and an intra‐oral examination was conducted on each subject. Dental caries was recorded in terms of DMF‐T. Oral hygiene was assessed by the Plaque Index and gingival status by the Gingival Index. Results showed that subjects from this study demonstrated improved oral health compared with subjects from the previous study. In 1981,25 per cent of 6–8 year olds and 9 per cent of 14–16 year olds were caries free. In 1991,92 per cent of 6–8 year olds and 36 per cent of 14–16 year olds were caries free. Predictably, it was also found that age was significantly related to caries level, oral hygiene and gingival condition.
Infection emanating from an ‘innocent’ facial puncture wound. Case reports
Authors: Csillag G. D. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAll accidental wounds are contaminated by bacteria. The factors involved in the conversion of a wound from contaminated to infected are identical, irrespective of the site and classification of the wound, although puncture wounds are particularly suited for the growth of anaerobic organisms. A case is presented of facial infection emanating from an ‘innocent’ puncture wound. The management of orofacial puncture wounds is discussed and illustrated with a second case.
Patient‐controlled sedation: A comparison of sedation prior to and until the end of minor oral surgery
Authors: Rodrigo Chandra , Chow Kiang‐Cheong 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn order to find out whether patient‐controlled sedation carried out only prior to surgery was sufficient for patients to undergo minor oral surgery, 30 patients of either sex between the ages of 16 and 30 years were selected. Each was scheduled to undergo bilateral third molar surgery, one side only at a visit. At the first visit each patient was randomly allocated to receive patient‐controlled sedation with midazolam either only prior to, or to the end of surgery. At the second visit they received the alternative method of sedation when the operation was carried out on the opposite side. With both techniques the majority of the patients were relaxed and provided good operating conditions with stable vital signs and without loss of consciousness. However, when given the opportunity to sedate themselves until the end of surgery, 70 percent obtained increments during surgery; four were assessed to have marked sedation and in five the button dropped off. When questioned at the end of both procedures, 87 per cent preferred to have increments during surgery.
Completely impacted teeth in dentate and edentulous jaws
Authors: Yamaoka Minoru , Furusawa Kiyofumi , Fujimoto Katsuhiko , Uematsu Takashi 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPanoramic radiographs from 1026 patients were examined for the presence of completely impacted teeth. The prevalence of completely impacted teeth in the edentulous jaw was lower than that in the dentate jaw in both the upper and lower jaws. The prevalence of completely impacted third molars in the edentulous jaw was also lower than that in the dentate jaw. However, there was no difference in the prevalence of completely impacted canine teeth and completely impacted anterior maxillary supernumerary teeth (mesiodens) in the edentulous jaw. These findings may indicate that completely impacted canine teeth and impacted anterior maxillary supernumerary teeth (mesiodens) are not influenced by the loss of erupted teeth.
The use of a simple functional appliance as an adjunct to fixed appliance orthodontic treatment
Authors: Woods Michael G. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThree clinical case studies are presented to demonstrate the use of a simple functional appliance in orthodontic situations not covered by traditionally‐accepted dental and skeletal indications. In each case, the appliance was used to reduce the severity of the malocclusion, before a routine fixed‐appliance detailing phase.
The life of Henry Jeanneret (1802–1886). Pioneer Australian dentist
Authors: Pearn John , Phillips Gael 
Published: May 2009

AbstractHenry Jeanneret was a pioneer Australian dentist, perhaps the first in this country to promote the discipline of dentistry as distinct from medicine and general surgery. This profile describes his early life and training, his emigration to Australia, his clinical practice in Sydney and in Van Diemen's Land, and his contributions to natural history, particularly in the field of botany.
Cerebral abscess complicating dental treatment. Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Renton Tara F. , Danks Jenny , Rosenfeld Jeffrey V. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA case history and brief literature review of cerebral abscess related to dental therapy is presented. The 19‐year‐old male patient presented with a cerebral abscess caused by Actinobacillus actinomycetam‐comitans. He was otherwise healthy, and had a recent history of periodontal surgery prior to the onset of symptoms. The patient was treated successfully with stereotactic aspiration and antibiotics.
Establishing malocclusion severity levels on the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) scale
Authors: Jenny Joanna , Cons Naham C. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) is an orthodontic index based on socially defined aesthetic standards. It is useful in both epidemiological surveys to identify unmet need for orthodontic treatment and as a screening device to determine priority for subsidized orthodontic treatment. An earlier study established the score of 36 on the DAI scale to identify handicapping malocclusions. The purpose of the present study was to determine decision points on the DAI scale that identify malocclusion severity levels less severe than handicapping.Two sources of data were used: 1) The frequency distribution of DAI scores on a probability sample of 1306 study models representing the untreated occlusions found in half a million adolescents. 2) The per cent distribution of US youths aged 12–17 by specified case severity reported in an assessment of the occlusion of youths? by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). The decision points separating specific case severities on the DAI scale were determined by relating the proportions of the NCHS population with specified case severities to the cumulative percentages of the frequency distribution of DAI scores on the 1306 models.The NCHS report found 45.8 per cent of the sample to have normal or minor malocclusion with no need or slight need for treatment. DAI scores 25 and below corresponded to that proportion of the sample. The NCHS report found 25.2 per cent of the sample to have definite malocclusion with treatment being elective. DAI scores between 26 and 30 corresponded to that proportion of the sample. The NCHS report found 13 per cent of the population to have severe malocclusion with treatment highly desirable. Fifteen per cent were included in this category. DAI scores 31 to 35 corresponded to that proportion of the sample.
Mental paraesthesia: An ominous symptom. Case reports
Authors: O'Grady John F. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe sudden onset of paraesthesia in the distribution of the mental nerve should be regarded as an ominous symptom. It is usually related to events such as fractures or dentoalveolar surgery, but in the absence of such history this finding should be regarded with suspicion. Four case studies are presented in which the patient presented with unexplained mental paraesthesia, which were later related to metastatic malignant disease. Careful medical history is required to alert the clinician to appropriate diagnostic procedures and ensure correct management.
Adhesion to enamel of light‐cured poly‐acid dental materials
Authors: Desai Mala , Tyas Martin J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the tensile bond strengths of a resin‐modified glass ionomer cement and a poly‐acid modified resin composite to enamel. Three different enamel surface preparations (unetched enamel; enamel treated with 10 per cent polyacrylic acid; enamel etched with 35 per cent phosphoric acid), were used. On etched enamel, the glass ionomer cement (15.0 MPa) and the resin composite (14.3 MPa) had significantly higher bond strengths than the other groups tested, but were not significantly different from each other. In the acid treated groups, cohesive failure within the material occurred in all specimens, while in the other groups, all specimens failed adhesively. Further investigation is required to test the clinical efficacy of these restorative materials.
Provision of orthodontic care to adolescents in South Australia: The type, the provider, and the place of treatment
Authors: Allister J. H. , Spencer A. J. , Brennan D. S. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThere are many pathways involving different providers and locations that individuals may take in obtaining orthodontic services. The aim of this study was to document the provision of orthodontic services and establish the pathways taken toward fixed orthodontic treatment by adolescents in South Australia. Data were collected on the use of orthodontic services by a cohort of adolescents enrolled in the School Dental Service at age 13 years and again at age 15 years. By age 15 years, 83.2 per cent of the adolescents had received orthodontic consultations, 27.3 per cent had received fixed orthodontic treatment and 41.4 per cent had received other forms of orthodontic treatment (extractions, space retainers or removable appliances). The majority of fixed orthodontic treatment was supplied by orthodontists in the private sector, while extractions and removable appliances were provided mainly by public sector general dentists. Most individuals used services in both the public and private sectors and the most frequent pathway taken by the adolescents receiving fixed orthodontic treatment involved consultation in both the public and private sectors, non‐fixed orthodontic treatment in the public sector and fixed orthodontic treatment in the private sector. The findings indicate wide access to orthodontic consultation and a high uptake of fixed orthodontic treatment once the adolescent sought private sector orthodontic consultation. Orthodontic care was seen to be an interactive process between public sector general dentists and private sector orthodontists.
Experimental Implementation of a Hybrid Nonlinear Control Design for Magnetostrictive Actuators
Authors: Oates William S. , Evans Phillip G. , Smith Ralph C. , Dapino Marcelo J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA hybrid nonlinear optimal control design is experimentally implemented on a magnetostrictive Terfenol-D actuator to illustrate enhanced tracking control at relatively high speed. The control design employs a homogenized energy model to quantify rate-dependent nonlinear and hysteretic ferromagnetic switching behavior. The homogenized energy model is incorporated into a finite-dimensional nonlinear optimal control design to directly compensate for the nonlinear and hysteretic magnetostrictive constitutive behavior of the Terfenol-D actuator. Additionally, robustness to operating uncertainties is addressed by incorporating proportional-integral (PI) perturbation feedback around the optimal open loop response. Experimental results illustrate significant improvements in tracking control in comparison to PI control. Accurate displacement tracking is achieved for sinusoidal reference displacements at frequencies up to 1 kHz using the hybrid nonlinear control design, whereas tracking errors become significant for the PI controller for frequencies equal to or greater than 500 Hz.
Intergenerational social class stability and mobility are associated with large absolute differences in adult participation in sport and exercise
Authors: Popham Frank 
Published: May 2009

ObjectiveTo test whether there is an association of social class (im)mobility in childhood and adulthood with absolute rates of adult participation in sport and exercise.DesignSecondary analysis of the 2003 Scottish Health Survey.Participants2770 Scottish men and women aged 35–54.ResultsThe highest age- and sex-adjusted rate of sport and exercise was seen among those who were in the highest social class in both childhood and adulthood (62.8%), while those in the lowest social class at both stages had the lowest rate at 25.8%, 37% points lower. This gap was wider than if the assessment of participation had been based solely on childhood or adult social class. The upwardly mobile had a higher rate than their class of origin in childhood but a lower rate than their class of destination in adulthood. The downwardly mobile had a lower rate than their class of origin but a higher rate than their class of destination.ConclusionThere are major absolute differences in participation in sport and exercise associated with social class (im)mobility that will be important to understand in order to improve population health and to reduce health inequalities.