bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and thermal reaction of 2‐[4‐(4‐ethynylphenoxy)phenylene]‐3‐phenylquinoxaline
Authors: Hergenrother P. M. , Sykes G. F. , Young P. R. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract2‐[4‐(4‐Ethynylphenoxy)phenylene]‐3‐phenylquinoxaline was prepared by two routes and was thermally reacted at various temperatures. The intermediate reactants, the acetylene containing phenylquinoxaline, and its thermally induced reaction product were characterized by high pressure liquid chromatography and mass spectroscopy. The principal component in the 350° reaction product was a dimer from addition of an acetylene group to another.
Action of N‐bromosuccinimide on some indolizidine and quinolizidine systems
Authors: Rao Koppaka V. , Kapicak Louis S. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractOxidation of the alkaloids (‐)tylocrebrine, (‐)septicine and (±)canadine by N‐bromosuccinimide gave the corresponding tetradehydroiminium salts in which the six‐membered heterocyclic rings were aromatized. Evidence was provided for the preferred path of the two available alternatives. Reduction of these salts with sodium borohydride regenerated the starting bases but without the optical activity. In contrast to the simpler 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinolines, hydrastine gave a brominated isoquinolinium salt with the loss of dimethoxy phthalide anion. A discussion of the stoichiometry and a probable mechanism is presented.
Synthesis and absorption spectra of some 2,6‐disubstituted 4‐(4‐dimethylaminophenyl)thiopyrylium perchlorates
Authors: Reynolds G. A. , Van Allan J. A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe syntheses of 4‐(4‐dimethylaminophenyl)thiopyrylium perchlorate and the 2,6‐dimethyl derivative are described, and the absorption spectra of these compounds and the 2,6‐diphenyl derivative are compared with the corresponding pyrylium salts.
Reaction of ketenes with N,N‐disubstituted 2‐aminomethylenecycloalkanones. V. Synthesis of N,N‐disubstituted 4′‐aminospiro [1,3‐dithiane‐2,3′‐(5′,6′‐polymethylene‐3′,4′‐dihydro‐α‐pyrones)]
Authors: Schenone Pietro , Bargagna Alberto , Bignardi Gaetano , Evangelisti Filippo 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe reaction of 2‐carbonyl‐1,3‐dithiane, a sulfene prepared in situ from 2‐chloroearbonyl‐1,3‐dithiane and triethylamine, with N,N‐disubstituted 2‐aminomethylvnecycloalkanones gave the 1,4‐cycloadducts, namely N,N‐disubstituted 4′‐aminospiro[1,3‐dithiane‐2,3′‐(5′,6′‐poly‐methylene‐3′,4′‐dihydro‐α‐pyrones)].
Synthèse de quelques alcoxy‐2 et aryloxy‐2 dioxolannes‐1,3
Authors: Soulier Jacques , Farines Marie , Authier Rose‐Marie , Fournier Martine 
Published: April 2009

AbstractDivers rnéthoxy‐2, éthoxy‐2, diéthoxy‐2,2 dioxolannes substitués par des groupements méthyle ou phényle sont obtenus par condensation en milieu neutre ou acide entre des diols vicinaux et les orthoesters correspondants; les phénoxy‐2 dioxolannes sont préparés par échange entre le phénol et l'éthoxy‐2 dioxolanne correspondant.
Reaction of hydrazidic halides with cyanoacetic acid derivatives
Authors: Shawali Ahmad S. , Hassaneen H. M. , Sami M. , Fahham H. M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractEthyl cyanoacetate reacts with the hydrazidic halides IV‐VI in presence of sodium ethoxide in ethanol at room temperature to give the pyrazole derivatives VIII‐X respectively. Similar treatment of IV‐VIII with cyanoacetanilide gives the substituted pyrazoles XI‐XIV respectively. The results show that IV to VIII, unlike I, follow one and the same sequence in their reactions with cyanoacetic acid derivatives. The structure assignments of the products VIII‐XIV were based on elemental analysis and spectral evidence.
Improved synthesis of indenothiophenes. Part III. Synthesis of indenothiophene‐2‐carhoxylic acids
Authors: Grünhaus Harald , Pailer Matthias , Stof Sigrid 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe synthesis of indenothiophenes and substituted compounds is described starting from indane via indanaldehyde. A separation of the isomeric indanaldehydes is developed.
Etude des pKa et de la protodéboronation des acides furanneboroniques
Authors: Florentin D. , Fournié‐Zaluski M. C. , Callanquin M. , Roques B. P. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractLes pKa des acides furanneboroniques et de leurs dérivés formylés, acétylés et méthylés ont été determinés afin d'examiner l'influence des facteurs électroniques et steriques sur l'acidité des groupements boroniques. D'autre part, l'étude des cinétiques de protodéboronation dans l'acide perchlorique de ces différents acides permet de proposer un nouveau mécanisme pour cette reaction de type électrophile qui rend eompte des effets isotopiques, des effets de substituants et d'une entropie d'activation fortement negative. La comparaison des vitesses de réaction en séries benzénique, thiophénique et furannique permet de calculer la constante ρ caractéristique de réaction pour la protodéboronation.
Synthesis of 5,6‐dimethoxythiophen‐3H(2)one and 6,7‐dimethoxythiochroman‐2‐one. Derivatives of tetramethoxy‐10,11‐dihydrodibenzo[β,f]thiepin‐10‐one
Authors: Catsoulacos Panayotis , Camoutsis Ch. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractReduction of 4,5‐dimethoxy‐2‐carbomethoxymethylbenzenesulfonyl chloride and 4,5‐dimeth‐oxy‐2‐carboethoxyethylbenzenesulfonyl chloride with zinc, hydrochloric acid, produced the corresponding o‐mercapto‐aeids which then cyclized to thiaindanone and thiochromanone, respectively. Thiaindanone and thiochromanone reacted readily with aniline to give 4,5‐dimeth‐oxy‐2‐mereaptophenyl‐N‐phenylacetamide and 4,5‐dimethoxy‐2‐mercaptophenyl‐N‐phenylpropyl‐amide. Mercaptophenyl N‐phenylacetamide yielded in two steps the 4,5‐dimethoxy‐2‐N‐phenyl‐acetarnido(3′,4′ ‐dimethoxyphenylthio)benzene, which was cyclized to the 2,3,7,8‐tetramethoxy‐10,11‐dihydrodibenzo[b, f]thiepin‐10‐one. Reduction of thiepinone with sodium borohydride leads to the corresponding alcohol.
Indazolo[2,3‐a] quinazoline
Authors: Hill David T. , Stanley Kerry G. , Libsch Susan S. , Loev Bernard 
Published: April 2009

AbstractZinc‐acetic acid reduction of 2,2′‐dicyanoazobenzene affords, beside the expected 5‐amino‐indazolo[2,3‐a]quinazoline, the previously unreported parent compound: indazolo[2,3‐a]quin‐azoline.
Synthesis of 4‐amino‐3‐(β‐D‐ribofuranosyl)pyrazole‐5‐carboxarnidc via ring fission of formycin derivatives and purification using high pressure liquid chromatography
Authors: Lewis Arthur F. , Long Robert A. , Roti Linda W. Roti , Townsend Leroy B. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractTwo methods have been established for the synthesis of 4‐amino‐3‐(β‐ D‐ribofuranosyl )‐pyrazole‐5‐carboxamide. This nucleoside ean be viewed as a potentially versatile intermediate for the synthesis of various bieyelic C‐nueleosides. The use of HPLC for the final purification of “pure” samples on the basis of elemental analysis is described.
GC‐MS rehabilitiert Absinth
Authors: Lachenmeier Dirk , Kuballa Thomas 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAbsinth, umgangssprachlich grüne Fee genannt, hat den Ruf eines anregenden, stimulierenden bis inspirierenden Kultgetränks. Bisher war die These verbreitet, dass der bicyclische Monoterpen‐ Keton‐Aromastoff Thujon der Wermutspirituose zu diesen Wirkungen verhelfe. Dies hat die analytische Chemie jetzt widerlegt.
Qualle oder Qual: Der Forscher mit der Andeutung
Authors: Bulmahn Maren 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBevor Douglas Prasher aus dem Wissenschaftsbetrieb aus‐ und ins Auto einstieg, untersuchte er das grün fluoreszierende Protein und trug so zum Nobelpreis für Roger Y. Tsien und Martin Chalfie bei.
Proteome of plant peroxisomes: new perspectives on the role of these organelles in cell biology
Authors: Palma José M. , Corpas Francisco J. , del Río Luis A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPeroxisomes are cell organelles bounded by a single membrane with a basically oxidative metabolism. Peroxisomes house catalase and H2O2‐producing flavin‐oxidases as the main protein constituents. However, since their discovery in early fifties, a number of new enzymes and metabolic pathways have been reported to be also confined to these organelles. Thus, the presence of exo‐ and endo‐peptidases, superoxide dismutases, the enzymes of the plant ascorbate‐glutathione cycle plus ascorbate and glutathione, several NADP‐dehydrogenases, and also L‐arginine‐dependent nitric oxide synthase activity has evidenced the relevant role of these organelles in cell physiology. In recent years, the study of new functions of peroxisomes has become a field of intensive research in cell biology, and these organelles have been proposed to be a source of important signal molecules for different transduction pathways. In plants, peroxisomes participate in seed germination, leaf senescence, fruit maturation, response to abiotic and biotic stress, photomorphogenesis, biosynthesis of the plant hormones jasmonic acid and auxin, and in cell signaling by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS, respectively). In order to decipher the nature and specific role of the peroxisomal proteins in these processes, several approaches includingin vivoandin vitroimport assays and generation of mutants have been used. In the last decade, the development of genomics and the report of the first plant genomes provided plant biologists a powerful tool to assign to peroxisomes those proteins which harbored any of the two peroxisomal targeting signals (PTS, either PTS1 or PTS2) described so far. Unfortunately, those molecular approaches could not give any response to those proteins previously localized in plant peroxisomes by classical biochemical and cell biology methods that did not contain any PTS. However, more recently, proteomic studies of highly purified organelles have provided evidence of the presence in peroxisomes of new proteins not previously reported. Thus, the contribution of proteomic approaches to the biology of peroxisomes is essential, not only for elucidation of the mechanisms involved in the import of the PTS1‐ and PTS2‐independent proteins, but also to the understanding of the role of these organelles in the cell physiology of plant growth and development.
Moment of Stasis: The Successful Failure of a Constitution for Europe
Authors: Philippopoulos‐Mihalopoulos Andreas 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe 2005 French and Dutch negative votes on the Constitution open up a space of conceptualisation, not only of Europe's relation to its demos, but significantly to its failures. Through a critical analysis of mainly Niklas Luhmann's systems theory, the article proposes taking a distance from traditional constitutional dogmatics that are no longer capable of dealing with the paradox of contemporary society, and more specifically with the eventual resurgence of the European project as one of absence and stasis: the two terms are used to explain the need, on the one hand, to maintain the ‘absent community’ of Europe, and, on the other, to start realising that any conceptualisation of the European project will now have to take place in that space of instability and contingency revealed by the constitutional failure. The relation between law and politics, the location of a constitution, the distinction between social and normative legitimacy, the connection between European identity and demos, and the concept of continuity between constitutional text and context are revisited in an attempt to trace the constitutional failure as the constitutional moment par excellence.
Disintegration: Environmental Protection and Article 81 EC
Authors: Casey Donal 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis article addresses the question of whether the modernisation and decentralisation of EC competition law will affect the integration of environmental protection requirements into the framework of Article 81 EC. First, the interface between competition policy and environmental protection at both the constitutional level and operational level is investigated. Following this, the Commission's assessment of environmental benefits under Article 81(3) EC prior to decentralisation and modernisation is explored. It is submitted that the Commission's expansion of its interpretation of the first two positive criteria of Article 81(3) EC allowed environmental objectives and competition goals to be balanced within the framework of Article 81 EC. Finally, this article examines the extent to which the decentralisation and modernisation of Community competition law may impede the integration of environmental protection into the definition and implementation of Article 81 EC.
Pharmacological characterization of PF‐00547659, an anti‐human MAdCAM monoclonal antibody
Authors: Pullen N , Molloy E , Carter D , Syntin P , Clemo F , Finco‐Kent D , Reagan W , Zhao S , Kawabata T , Sreckovic S 
Published: April 2009

Background and purpose: The adhesion molecule mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule (MAdCAM) plays an essential role in the recruitment of lymphocytes to specialized high endothelial venules of the gastrointestinal tract and in their excessive tissue extravasation observed in inflammatory conditions, such as Crohn's disease. We have characterized thein vitropharmacological properties of two monoclonal antibodies blocking MAdCAM, MECA‐367 and PF‐00547659, and determined their pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profilesin vivo.Experimental approach: Functional adhesion assays and surface plasmon resonance were used to characterize,in vitro, the pharmacological properties of MECA‐367 and PF‐00547659. Thein vivoeffects of MECA‐367 and PF‐00547659 on restriction of β7+memory T lymphocytes were determined in mice and macaques, respectively, over the pharmacological dose range to confirm pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationships.Key results: MECA‐367 and PF‐00547659 bound with high affinity to mouse and human MAdCAM with Kdvalues of 5.1 and 16.1 pmol·L−1respectively and blocked the adhesion of α4β7+leukocytes to MAdCAM with similar potency. MECA‐367 and PF‐00547659 induced a similar, dose‐dependent two‐ to threefold increase in circulating populations of β7+memory T‐cells in the mouse and macaque; without affecting the β7‐populations.Conclusions and implications: PF‐00547659 has potential utility in the treatment of inflammatory conditions by blocking tissue homing of activated α4β7+leukocytes. The characterization of a rodent cross‐reacting antibody as a surrogate for PF‐00547659 in the search for potential pharmacological biomarkers and the determination of efficacious doses was effective in addressing the restricted orthologous cross‐reactivity of PF‐00547659 and the challenges this poses with respect to efficacy and safety testing.
Examination of Stent Deformation and Gap Formation after Complex Stenting of Left Main Coronary Artery Bifurcations Using Microfocus Computed Tomography
Authors: MURASATO YOSHINOBU , HIKICHI YUTAKA , HORIUCHI MASATAKA 
Published: April 2009

Background: Fluoroscopy and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) lack sufficient resolution for assessing the results of complex stenting in true bifurcation lesions.
Objectives: After diverse bifurcation stenting at the left main coronary artery (LM) bifurcation model, the results were examined using microfocus computed tomography (MFCT).
Methods: The strut distribution of three kinds of stents deployed on a straight vessel segment was investigated. Classical crush, double kissing (DK)–double crush, and culotte stenting were performed on a three‐dimensional (3D) LM model. The results were assessed using cross‐sectional, longitudinal, and 3D reconstruction views of MFCT.
Results: Nonuniform strut distribution was observed in a corrugated stent design deployed on a straight vessel segment. Following classical crush stenting, a relatively large gap at the nonmyocardial site was observed in the corrugated stents. When the guidewire recrossed outside the ostium of the crushed side branch stent, kissing balloon inflation caused further crushing of the stent at the more distal segment. The dilated strut rose up from the main vessel bed after the first kissing balloon inflation in DK crush stenting; the advantage of DK would be cancelled after main vessel stenting due to recrushing the raised strut. The culotte stenting with closed‐cell stents showed the restriction of the expansion at the branch ostium when it was dilated with a 3.5‐mm balloon. The culotte stenting with open‐cell‐based stents showed a good stent apposition except for a tiny gap and small metallic carina at the distal bifurcation.
Conclusion: MFCT analysis in the 3D phantom model is useful to assess the structural deformation of the stents and gap on vessel wall coverage after complex stenting at the LM bifurcation.
MICROBIOLOGICAL, SENSORY AND COLOR CHANGES OF ANCHOVY (ENGRAULIS ENCRASICHOLUS) PATTIES DURING REFRIGERATED STORAGE
Authors: KILINC BERNA 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACT In this study, the microbiological, sensory and color changes of anchovy patties during refrigerated storage were investigated. Total viable bacteria and psychrotrophic bacteria counts increased, and sensory scores decreased during the storage period. Total bacteria count exceeded the critical limit of 106 cfu/g on day 5. Yeast–molds, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were not detected during the storage period. L*, a*and b*values of anchovy patties were changed from 36.8 ± 1.2, 4.67 ± 1.00, 13.0 ± 2.12 to 35.3 ± 3.8, 4.20 ± 0.89, 14.12 ± 2.76, respectively, on day 5. Up to day 4, anchovy patties were determined as “acceptable,” but on day 5, they were no longer acceptable according to the results of microbiological and sensory analysis.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSAnchovy is very suitable for patties because of their flavor and taste. In recent years, the increasing numbers of working women of the population have led to direct consumer's preference to ready‐to‐eat fish foods. For this purpose, anchovy patties were made, and microbiological, sensory and color changes of anchovy patties during refrigerated storage were investigated. The other discarded fish species can be used for making fish patties. The variety of fish patties can be increased and discarded fish can be evaluated on this way.
INFLUENCE OF TRIBOLIUM CONFUSUM DEVELOPMENT ON SELECTED PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SEMOLINA
Authors: AYADI M.A. , AYADI H. KAMOUN , ATTIA H. 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACT A total of 30 adult Tribolium confusum were captured from storage semolina silos and placed in 1 kg of fresh semolina. During 2 months of storage in the laboratory, impact of presence and development of these insects on selected properties of semolina were evaluated. Obtained results showed that T. confusum development caused an increasing of acidity, ash content, burn color and damaged fractions. Moreover, T. confusum presence leads to a loss of gluten properties, semolina water‐binding capacity, and an increase in hardness and adhesiveness of elaborate semolina dough. Microbiological evolution shows a constant increase in bacterial load during storage period. This bacterial level remained below the safety limit during the storage period.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSFor pasta and couscous industry, pest could be a major danger during storage of raw materials (semolina, wheat flour, maize flour, etc.). Tribolium confusum is one of the major insect present in durum wheat flour and its derivatives. This insect could cause great damage on the nutritional, hygienic, technological and sensorial qualities of this raw material. Evaluation of presence and development of insects, and especially T. confusum on selected properties of stored semolina could help pasta and couscous industries to determine the critical limits of identified critical control points in the semolina storage step.
Fatty liver in adolescents on the U.S.‐Mexico border
Authors: Sharp Dayle Boynton , Santos Luis A. , Cruz Martha L. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPurpose: To describe the physical and metabolic characteristics of children diagnosed with fatty liver disease in a gastroenterology clinic in El Paso, Texas.Data Sources: A retrospective chart review of 31 patients aged 8–18 diagnosed with fatty liver was conducted.Conclusions: These children were diagnosed with fatty liver by elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels (mean ALT levels 126 ± 08 U/L) and increased hepatic echogenicity measured via ultrasound. The majority of children were adolescents (12–17 years of age) and Mexican American. All subjects were overweight (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 95th percentile) based on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention standards. In a subset of children for whom results from laboratory test were available, we found 40% had high triglycerides (≥ 150 mg/dL), 53% had low high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (≤ 35 mg/dL), and 17% had prediabetes (fasting glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL). The clinical and laboratory findings in this patient population with fatty liver are consistent with a diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).Implications for Practice: Despite the increasing trend in overweight among children and adolescents, data suggest low rates of diagnosis and management of overweight and related comorbidities by healthcare providers. Overweight has been associated with fatty liver disease in the pediatric population and includes other comorbidities such insulin resistance and features of metabolic syndrome. Screening for overweight in children should constitute the first step in identifying children at risk for NAFLD. Nurse practitioners should include in the evaluation of pediatric patients calculation of BMI and waist circumference for age and screening for other overweight‐related comorbidities.
Parotitis in a Child Infected with Triple-Reassortant Influenza A Virus in Canada in 2007
Authors: Bastien Nathalie , Bowness Donalda , Burton Laura , Bontovics Erika , Winter Anne-Luise , Tipples Graham , Minielly Debby , Gregg Betty , Cramer Christine , Schincariol Christine , Li Yan 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACT
Swine H3N2 influenza virus designated A/Ontario/1252/2007 was isolated from a child with parotitis. Diagnosis was confirmed by viral isolation and serological assays. A/Ontario/1252/2007 was related to H3N2 triple reassortants that emerged in swine in the United States in 1998. Three of five tested household members were also seropositive for A/Ontario/1252/2007.