bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interventions for accelerating orthodontic tooth movement
Authors: Long Hu , Pyakurel Ujjwal , Wang Yan , Liao Lina , Zhou Yang , Lai Wenli 
Published: June 2012

Abstract

Objective:
To evaluate the effectiveness of interventions on accelerating orthodontic tooth movement.

Materials and Methods:
We searched the databases of PubMed, Embase, Science Citation Index, CENTRAL, and SIGLE from January 1990 to August 2011 for randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials that assessed the effectiveness of interventions on accelerating orthodontic tooth movement. The processes of study search, selection, and quality assessment were conducted independently in duplicate by two review authors. Original outcome data, if possible, underwent statistical pooling by using Review Manager 5.

Results:
Through a predefined search strategy, we finally included nine eligible studies. Among them, five interventions were studied (ie, low-level laser therapy, corticotomy, electrical current, pulsed electromagnetic fields, and dentoalveolar or periodontal distraction). Six outcomes were evaluated in these studies (ie, accumulative moved distance or movement rate, time required to move tooth to its destination, anchorage loss, periodontal health, pulp vitality, and root resorption).

Conclusion:
Among the five interventions, corticotomy is effective and safe to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement, low-level laser therapy was unable to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement, current evidence does not reveal whether electrical current and pulsed electromagnetic fields are effective in accelerating orthodontic tooth movement, and dentoalveolar or periodontal distraction is promising in accelerating orthodontic tooth movement but lacks convincing evidence.
Administration of CD4+CD25highCD127− Regulatory T Cells Preserves β-Cell Function in Type 1 Diabetes in Children
Authors: Marek-Trzonkowska Natalia , Myśliwiec MaŁgorzata , Dobyszuk Anita , Grabowska Marcelina , Techmańska Ilona , Juścińska Jolanta , Wujtewicz Magdalena A. , Witkowski Piotr , Młynarski Wojciech , Balcerska Anna , Myśliwska Jolanta , Trzonkowski Piotr 
Published: June 2012

OBJECTIVEType 1 diabetes is a condition in which pancreatic islets are destroyed by self-reactive T cells. The process is facilitated by deficits in the number and suppressive activity of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Here, we show for the first time that the infusion of autologous Tregs prolongs remission in recently diagnosed type 1 diabetes in children.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSWe have administered Tregs in 10 type 1 diabetic children (aged 8–16 years) within 2 months since diagnosis. In total, 4 patients received 10 × 106 Tregs/kg body wt, and the remaining 6 patients received 20 × 106 Tregs/kg body wt. The preparation consisted of sorted autologous CD3+CD4+CD25highCD127− Tregs expanded under good manufacturing practice conditions.RESULTSNo toxicity of the therapy was noted. A significant increase in the percentage of Tregs in the peripheral blood has been observed since the day of infusion. These patients were followed along with matched type 1 diabetic patients not treated with Tregs. Half a year after type 1 diabetes onset (4–5 months after Tregs infusion), 8 patients treated with Tregs still required &lt;0.5 UI/kg body wt of insulin daily, with 2 patients out of insulin completely, whereas the remission was over in the nontreated group. In addition, plasma C-peptide levels were significantly higher in the treated group as compared with those not treated.CONCLUSIONSThis study shows that the administration of Tregs is safe and tolerable in children with recent-onset type 1 diabetes.
Comparison of colostrum feeding by nipple bottle versus oroesophageal tubing in Holstein dairy bull calves
Authors: Chigerwe Munashe , Coons David M. , Hagey Jill V. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Objective—To compare the apparent efficiency of absorption of IgG and failure of passive transfer of immunity rates between calves fed colostrum by nipple bottle (NB) and oroesophageal tubing (OET).
Design—Randomized controlled study.
Animals—26 Holstein bull calves (age, 4 to 8 hours).
Procedures—Calves were randomly assigned to receive colostrum by either NB or OET. Pooled colostrum was used for feeding each group of calves. Calves received either a maximum of 4 L of colostrum fed through an NB over a period of 20 minutes or an equivalent volume of colostrum fed by OET. Subsequently, a pair of similarly aged calves received similar volumes of colostrum with similar immunoglobulin concentrations. Colostrum was fed only once. Thereafter, calves were fed 2 L of milk replacer every 12 hours. All calves survived to at least 48 hours of age. Serum samples were collected prior to feeding colostrum and at 48 hours of age for determination of serum immunoglobulin concentrations.
Results—There were no differences in failure of passive transfer of immunity rates and apparent efficiency of absorption of IgG between calves fed by NB or OET. Volume of colostrum fed was the only significant variable in determining failure of passive transfer of immunity in calves at 48 hours.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Reported advantages and disadvantages of either feeding method are likely to be of minimal practical relevance in achieving adequate passive transfer of immunity in calves when calves are fed a similar volume of colostrum with comparable immunoglobulin concentrations.
Use of a medetomidine-ketamine combination for anesthesia in captive common hippopotami (Hippopotamus amphibius)
Authors: Stalder Gabrielle L. , Petit Thierry , Horowitz Igal , Hermes Robert , Saragusty Joseph , Knauer Felix , Walzer Chris 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Objective—To establish an anesthetic protocol suitable for surgical interventions in hippopotami (Hippopotamus amphibius).
Design—Prospective case series.
Animals—10 adult male hippopotami undergoing castration.
Procedures—A combination of medetomidine (60 to 80 µg/kg [27.3 to 36.4 µg/lb]) and ketamine (1 mg/kg [0.45 mg/lb]) was administered IM on the basis of mean estimated weights of 1,330 ± 333 kg (2,926 ± 733 lb; median, 1,350 kg [2,790 lb]; range, 900 to 2,000 kg [1,980 to 4,400 lb]). Monitoring included sequential blood gas analyses, pulse oximetry, and capnography. Reversal of anesthesia with atipamezole (0.34 ± 0.06 mg/kg [0.15 ± 0.027 mg/lb]; median, 0.33 mg/kg [0.15 mg/lb]; range, 300 to 500 mg total dose]) was uneventful and rapid in all cases.
Results—Complete immobilization and a surgical anesthetic plane were achieved 27 ± 11.8 minutes (median, 24.5 minutes [range, 14 to 44 minutes]) after initial injection. Anesthesia (97.3 ± 35.3 minutes; median, 95 minutes [range, 57 to 188 minutes]) was maintained with 3.4 ± 2.2 (median, 3) additional doses of ketamine (0.1 to 0.4 mg/kg [0.045 to 0.18 mg/lb]). Transitory apnea of 4.71 ± 2.87 minutes (median, 4 minutes [range, 1 to 9 minutes]) was documented in 5 animals. Apnea during anesthesia was viewed as a physiologic condition in this semiaquatic mammal because related vital parameters (heart rate, pH, peripheral hemoglobin oxygen saturation as measured by pulse oximetry, venous partial pressure of CO2, and lactate and HCO3 concentrations) remained unchanged and did not differ significantly than those parameters for the 5 animals with continuous respiration.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Both in captivity and in the wild, common hippopotami are difficult to anesthetize. The combination of medetomidine and ketamine provided an excellent surgical plane of anesthesia and a self-limiting dive response.
Evaluation of critical care blood analytes assessed with a point-of-care portable blood analyzer in wild and aquarium-housed elasmobranchs and the influence of phlebotomy site on results
Authors: Naples Lisa M. , Mylniczenko Natalie D. , Zachariah Trevor T. , Wilborn Rachel E. , Young Forrest A. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Objective—To establish reference ranges for critical care blood values measured in wild and aquarium-housed elasmobranchs by use of a point-of-care (POC) blood analyzer and to compare values on the basis of species category (pelagic, benthic, or intermediate) and phlebotomy site.
Design—Cross-sectional study.
Animals—66 wild and 89 aquarium-housed elasmobranchs (sharks and rays).
Procedures—Aquarium-housed elasmobranchs were anesthetized for sample collection; wild elasmobranchs were caught via hook and line fishing, manually restrained for sample collection, and released. Blood was collected from 2 sites/fish (dorsal sinus region and tail vasculature) and analyzed with the POC analyzer. Reference values of critical care blood analytes were calculated for species most represented in each population. Values were compared on the basis of species categorization (pelagic, intermediate, or benthic) and collection site.
Results—Oxygen saturation and circulating concentrations of lactate and glucose were significantly different among aquarium-housed pelagic, intermediate, and benthic species. Lactate concentration was significantly different among these categories in wild elasmobranchs. Significant differences were detected between samples from the 2 collection sites for all blood analytes. In both study populations, pH and lactate values were infrequently < 7.2 or > 5 mmol/L, respectively.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Brevity of handling or chemical restraint may have reduced secondary stress responses in fish because extreme variations in blood analyte values were infrequent. Sample collection site, species categorization, acclimation to handling, and restraint technique should be considered when assessing values obtained with the POC analyzer used in this study for blood analytes and immediate metabolic status in elasmobranchs.
Outcome following simultaneous bilateral thyroid lobectomy for treatment of thyroid gland carcinoma in dogs: 15 cases (1994–2010)
Authors: Tuohy Joanne L. , Worley Deanna R. , Withrow Stephen J. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the outcome of resection of simultaneous discrete bilateral mobile thyroid gland carcinomas (TGCs) in dogs.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—15 dogs with resected simultaneous discrete bilateral mobile TGCs.
Procedures—Medical records (from 1994 to 2010) were searched for dogs with the appropriate diagnosis and treatment. Information collected included signalment, clinical signs, diagnostic test results, tumor mobility (mobile tumor identified by movement ≥ 1 cm in all planes during palpation), complications, adjuvant treatments, and outcome.
Results—Mobile, discrete, bilateral TGCs were removed in all dogs. Among the 15 dogs, complete parathyroidectomies were necessary in 9; parathyroid tissue was reimplanted in 4 and preserved in 2. Complications included hemorrhage and laryngeal nerve trauma, but without serious consequences. Thirteen dogs received calcitriol with or without supplemental calcium after surgery. In the immediate postoperative period, hypocalcemia developed and was corrected in 11 dogs. At the end of the study, 7 dogs continued to receive calcitriol with or without supplemental calcium, and 8 dogs required long-term thyroid hormone treatment. Six dogs received adjuvant chemotherapy. Local tumor recurrence or de novo distant metastasis was not detected at each dog's last follow-up examination. Median survival time was 38.3 months. Three dogs were lost to follow-up, 8 survived (4.3 to 77 months after surgery), and 4 died of unrelated causes.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In dogs with TGCs undergoing bilateral thyroid lobectomies, a successful outcome can be expected, even when parathyroid gland tissue cannot be preserved. The role of adjuvant chemotherapy in treatment outcome was not clearly defined.
Dance as a Risk Factor for Injuries and Development of Occupational Diseases
Authors: Holcer Nataša , Pucarin-Cvetković Jasna , Mustajbegović Jadranka , Žuškin Eugenija 
Published: June 2012

Ples kao čimbenik rizika za ozljede i razvoj profesionalnih bolestiOzljede i bolesti mogu znatno utjecati na stvaralačku sposobnost, kreativnost i dostignuća umjetnika. Povezanost uvjeta i načina rada s pojavom bolesti u umjetnika prepoznata je već u srednjem vijeku. Tjelesna zahtjevnost izvedbe, gdje se tijelo koristi kao instrument izražavanja, može uzrokovati ozljede i razvoj profesionalnih bolesti koje mogu dovesti do nemogućnosti umjetničke interpretacije na očekivanoj razini, prekinuti aktivnosti i onemogućiti nastavak profesionalne karijere. Plesači su jedna od skupina umjetnika-izvođača koji su izloženi specifičnim rizicima i kojima treba specifična zdravstvena zaštita, što nije moguće ostvariti bez poznavanja mehanizama nastajanja ozljeda i uvažavanja posebnosti potreba plesača. Mnogi plesači teže visokim umjetničkim i estetskim kriterijima izvedbe, pri čemu često protežu svoje tjelesne mogućnosti i izdržljivost i zanemaruju vlastita tjelesna ograničenja. Zdravstveni problemi plesača obuhvaćaju čitav niz ozljeda, profesionalnih bolesti i bolesti vezanih uz rad koji se kreću od stresa i straha od nastupa sve do poremećaja u prehrambenim navikama. Također obuhvaćaju ozljede mišićno-koštanoga sustava, sindrome prenaprezanja i trenažnoga preopterećenja koje može uzrokovati karakterističnu topološku pojavu boli, koja je često početak kroničnih zdravstvenih problema kod plesača. Navedeni zdravstveni problemi plesača sve su češće područje zanimanja liječnika različitih specijalizacija, unaprjeđenja i provođenja preventivnih programa, dijagnostičkih metoda i liječenja u tom djelu populacije.
Shift Work and Cancer: State of Science and Practical Consequences
Authors: Yong Mei , Nasterlack Michael 
Published: June 2012

Shift Work and Cancer: State of Science and Practical ConsequencesIn 2007, an expert Working Group convened by the IARC Monographs Programme concluded that shift work that involves circadian disruption is probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A). We scrutinised the epidemiological basis for this conclusion, with a focus on, but not limited to, breast and prostate cancers. We further considered practical consequences for shift workers in our industry against the background of new findings.We carried out a literature search including the epidemiological studies cited by IARC and newer available literature on shift work and cancer.Since the IARC assessment, eleven new studies have emerged, ten of which have already been published, with inconclusive results. Heterogeneity of exposure metrics and study outcomes and emphasis on positive but non-significant results make it difficult to draw general conclusions. Also, several reviews and commentaries, which have been published meanwhile, came to equivocal results. Published evidence is widely seen as suggestive but inconclusive for an adverse association between night work and breast cancer, and limited and inconsistent for cancers at other sites and all cancers combined.At this point in time it can not be ruled out that shift work including night work may increase the risk for some cancers in those who perform it. However, shift schedules can be organised in ways that minimise the associated health risks, and the risks may be further reduced through the implementation of structured and sustained health promotion programs specifically tailored to the needs of shift workers.
On the characteristic connection of gwistor space
Authors: Albuquerque Rui 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe give a brief presentation of gwistor spaces, which is a new concept from G 2 geometry. Then we compute the characteristic torsion T c of the gwistor space of an oriented Riemannian 4-manifold with constant sectional curvature k and deduce the condition under which T c is ∇c-parallel; this allows for the classification of the G 2 structure with torsion and the characteristic holonomy according to known references. The case of an Einstein base manifold is envisaged.
Correlation between the structural pattern and the development of the hydrographic network in a portion of the Western Thessaly Basin (Greece)
Authors: Kamberis Evangelos , Bathrellos George , Kokinou Eleni , Skilodimou Hariklia 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
In the context of the present study the structural pattern in the Western Thessaly Basin (Greece) has been examined, based on structural data collected from the entire study area that were further correlated to the hydrographic network. The structural pattern of the area was revealed from tectonic analysis. Additionally, the topography, stratigraphy and sedimentology of the study area were taken into account. GIS techniques were used to map the spatial distribution of the geological and tectonic features on the topographic relief of the area.
The oldest structures are contractional in nature, deformed by normal faulting related to the extensional episodes initiated in Serravallian times. It is inferred that the orientation of the stress field in the area has changed several times: the N-S stress field which was dominant during Late Serravallian times changed to NW-SE (Messinian-Zanclian) up to E-W in Zanclian and subsequently to roughly NNW-SSE (in late Piacencian). The NE-SW stress that was dominant in Pleistocene became N-S in later times. In addition, some changes in orientation are also indicated for the transitional periods of the pre-mentioned extensional episodes, possibly related to local events, or as a block-related deformation. The development of the 7th order streams is probably related to the N-S extensional faulting initiated in Pliocene times, while the dominant direction of the 6th, 5th and 4th order streams is possibly connected with the presence of the NNE-SSW and NW-SE extensional faults. Finally, the lower order streams are probably related to the most recent E-W striking normal faults.
Urban Compression Patterns: Fractals and Non-Euclidean Geometries - Inventory and Prospect
Authors: Griffith Daniel , Arlinghaus Sandra 
Published: June 2012

Urban Compression Patterns: Fractals and Non-Euclidean Geometries - Inventory and Prospect
Urban growth and fractality is a topic that opens an entrance for a range of radical ideas: from the theoretical to the practical, and back again. We begin with a brief inventory of related ideas from the past, and proceed to one specific application of fractals in the non-Euclidean geometry of Manhattan space. We initialize our discussion by inventorying selected existing knowledge about fractals and urban areas, and then presenting empirical evidence about the geometry of and movement in physical urban space.
Selected empirical analyses of minimum path distances between places in urban space indicate that its metric is best described by a general Minkowskian one whose parameters are between those for Manhattan and Euclidean space. Separate analyses relate these results to the fractal dimensions of the underlying physical spaces. One principal implication is that theoretical, as well as applied, ideas based upon fractals and the Manhattan distance metric should be illuminating in a variety of contexts. These specific analyses are the focus of this paper, leading a reader through analytical approaches to fractal metrics in Manhattan geometry. Consequently, they suggest metrics for evaluating urban network densities as these represent compression of human activity. Because geodesics are not unique in Manhattan geometry, that geometry offers a better fit to human activity than do Euclidean tools with their unique geodesic activities: human activity often moves along different paths to get from one place to another.
Real-world evidence motivates our specific application, although an interested reader may find the subsequent "prospect" section of value in suggesting a variety of future research topics that are currently in progress. Does "network science" embrace tools such as these for network compression as it might link to urban function and form? Stay tuned for forthcoming work in Geographical Analysis.
Snow on the Gridiron: A Brief History of Canadian Football
Authors: Fogel Curtis 
Published: June 2012

Snow on the Gridiron: A Brief History of Canadian FootballFootball is played throughout the far regions of the world. There is no other sport that brings so many people together locally, nationally, and internationally. Football is not, however, a unified sport with shared rules, customs and histories across time and space. In contrast, football is largely a different sport depending on where it is being played. This paper traces the development of Canadian football as a unique sport with strong similarities to and subtle differences from American football, as well as clear distinctions from forms of football played outside of North America.
Scaphoid Fracture: Functional Outcome Following Fixation with Herbert Screw
Authors: Parajuli N P , Shrestha D , Dhoju D , Shrestha R , Sharma V 
Published: June 2012

Background Most scaphoid fractures though heal uneventfully with cast treatment, immobilization with cast is associated with complication like wrist stiffness. Open reduction and fixation with Herbert Screw though technically demanding procedure can yield excellent results and prevents complication like nonunions and loss of wrist function. Objectives To assess clinical outcome and radiological union of scaphoid fracture after operative management following Herbert screw fixation in patient attending Dhulikhel Hospital. Methods All scaphoid fracture, treated from Feb 2007 till Feb 2011, were retrospectively studied in Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital. Fifteen patients with scaphoid fractures were treated with Herbert screw. Fourteen were males and one was female. Serial radiographs were taken to assess radiographic union and functional outcome was assessed using Modified Mayo wrist score. Results Out of 15 patients, 13 scaphoid had waist fractures and two had proximal pole factures. All scaphoid were treated with open reduction and Herbert screw fixation either by volar approach or by dorsal approach. All fractures maintained good alignment post operatively. Nine (60%) patients had excellent results with normal wrist range of motion, five (33.3%) patients had good results and one (6.7%) patient had poor outcome. In 14 (93.3%) patients good radiological union was seen at final follow up at six months time. Conclusion Fixation with Herbert screw for scaphoid fracture is an effective and convenient way of treatment with satisfactory functional outcome and less complication.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v9i4.6342 Kathmandu Univ Med J 2011;9(4):267-73
A Case of Precocious Puberty in a Setting with Limited Resources
Authors: Paudel K P , Giri S , Shrestha P S , Shrestha L , Thapa S B , Shrestha M 
Published: June 2012

Precocious puberty is a rare condition characterized by the development of secondary sexual characteristics before the median age for the sex. It is either gonadotropin dependent also called as central or gonadotropin independent also known as peripheral type. Hypothalamamic Hamartoma is a common cause of the central or precocious puberty due to organic brain lesion. Here we present a two year male who presented us with precocious puberty due to a hypothalamic Hamartoma.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v9i4.6353 Kathmandu Univ Med J 2011;9(4):315-7
Archives, Heritage, Living History: Locating the Prince House through Performance (and) Ethnography
Authors: Young Bryanne 
Published: June 2012

This study of desire, ephemera and convergence centres on the Prince House, a reconstituted historical site located within Heritage Park Historical Village in Calgary, Alberta. Through a somatic interaction with the space, the author takes into account feeling, sensation and mise-en-sce`ne in effort to attend to the cultural traces that emerge when one attempts to inhabit history, asking: how do we relate to a particular site described as historical? Why do some histories continue to pull at us while others fall away; most of all, what is the force that makes a site like the Prince House “go?” Focusing on our engagement with specific renderings of the past, the author comments on the instability of the story of present absence, arriving at a metaphysics at once both real and imagined, longed for and lost – a story of nostalgia and the body to which there is no ending.