bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND EXPOSURE TIME ON TOXICITY OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS BERLINER SPRAY DEPOSITS TO SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA CLEMENS (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: van Frankenhuyzen Kees 
Published: November 2009

AbstractExperiments were conducted using balsam fir twigs treated with Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner to examine the influence of temperature and exposure time on mortality of spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana Clemens. Twigs were sprayed with a commercial formulation (8.4 BIU/L) using droplets of 40–70 μm diameter at densities, ranging from 0.5 to 5.5 droplets per needle. Temperature affected progression but not the level of cumulative mortality during 14 days of feeding on sprayed foliage. The LT50 decreased from 12–17 days at 13°C to 2–4 days at 25°C, depending on droplet density. Temperature between 13 and 25°C had a limited effect on dose acquisition because 40–60% of the larvae were able to acquire a lethal dose within 1 day of feeding on foliage with 0.5–1.5 droplets per needle, regardless of temperature. Under these conditions dose acquisition was not limited by temperature-dependent consumption of foliage, but rather by feeding inhibition associated with the dose initially ingested. This also limited the influence of exposure time; a 7- or 14-fold increase in exposure time increased larval mortality at most by 25%. Implications of these findings for improving efficacy of B. thuringiensis in forestry applications are discussed.
DESCRIPTIONS OF LARVAL ARRENURUS BARTONENSIS COOK, ARRENURUS BIRGEI MARSHALL, ARRENURUS NEOBIRGEI COOK, AND ARRENURUS ROTUNDUS MARSHALL (ACARI: HYDRACHNIDIA; ARRENURIDAE)
Authors: Smith Bruce P. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractLarvae of Arrenurus bartonensis Cook, Arrenurus birgei Marshall, Arrenurus neobirgei Cook, and Arrenurus rotundus Marshall are described for the first time. Larvae of A. rotundus can be distinguished reliably from the other three by differences in morphology. Larvae of A. bartonensis, A. birgei, and A. neobirgei are very similar, but can be separated by comparing shape and size of the excretory pore plate, and by measurements of the dorsal plate and the tarsus of the third leg.
HOST DISCRIMINATION BY A CRUCIFER-FEEDING FLEA BEETLE, PHYLLOTRETA STRIOLATA (F.) (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)
Authors: Lamb R.J. , Palaniswamy P. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe flea beetle, Phyllotreta striolata (F.), was attracted to the cruciferous plants Brassica oleracea L. and Raphanus sativus L., but not to B. campestris L. and B. napus L. which are important natural host plants, nor to Pisum sativum (L.), a legume. The presence or absence of attraction was demonstrated by exposing small groups of caged plants to natural populations and trapping beetles near the plants. In choice and no-choice laboratory feeding experiments, P. striolata fed on eight Cruciferae in the genera Brassica, Raphanus, and Sinapis but not on P. sativum. Phyllotreta striolata fed less on S. arvensis L. and S. alba L. than on plants in the other genera. Within Brassica, B. oleracea, B. napus, and B. campestris were preferred over B. juncea (L.) Czern and B. nigra (L.) Koch. Discrimination at the attraction phase of host selection did not account for discrimination shown in laboratory feeding experiments nor in the natural attack of flea beetles on cruciferous crops.
INTRODUCTION, PERMANENT ESTABLISHMENT, AND DISPERSAL IN EASTERN CANADA OF OLESICAMPE GENICULATAE QUEDNAU AND LIM (HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEUMONIDAE), AN IMPORTANT BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENT OF THE MOUNTAIN ASH SAWFLY, PRISTIPHORA GENICULATA (HARTIG) (HYMENOPTERA: TENTHREDINIDAE)
Authors: Quednau F.W. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractFrom 1976 to 1978, 1300 mated females of Olesicampe geniculatae Quednau and Lim were released near Quebec City during a severe infestation of the mountain ash sawfly, Pristiphora geniculata (Hartig). Both cage and open releases were made. The interactions among the mountain ash sawfly, the imported primary parasite O. geniculatae, and the indigenous hyperparasite Mesochorus globulator (Thunb.), and the effect of O. geniculatae on the host population during and after the establishment phase, are reported. In 1984, O. geniculatae was recovered from all over southern Quebec. Parasitism ranged from 6 to 94%. Concurrently, infestation levels by the mountain ash sawfly declined significantly, and since 1985, the insect has almost disappeared in Quebec. With an annual spread of about 50 km per year after successful establishment, O. geniculatae now covers an area 1000 km in diameter. No major infestation by the mountain ash sawfly has been recorded in Quebec during the past 7 years. The introduction of O. geniculatae is rated as a complete success in classical biological control.
OMALONOMUS RELICTUS, AN UNUSUAL NEW GENUS AND NEW SPECIES (COLEOPTERA: STAPHYLINIDAE, OMALHNAE) OF BLIND ROVE BEETLE; A PREGLACIAL (TERTIARY?) RELICT IN THE CYPRESS HILLS, ALBERTA–SASKATCHEWAN, CANADA
Authors: Campbell J.M. , Peck S.B. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractOmalonomus relictus, a highly modified new genus and new species of soil-dwelling rove beetle, is described from the Cypress Hills of Alberta and Saskatchewan. The structural peculiarities associated with its subterranean habitat are discussed and illustrated. Moore and Legner’s (1974) key to the genera of North American Omaliinae is modified to assist in the identification of adults of the genus. The occurrence of this blind, slightly pigmented, flightless beetle in the soil of the Cypress Hills supports the hypothesis that at least part of this area was unglaciated and served as a refugium during late Pleistocene glacial advances.
A SIMPLE STAINING TECHNIQUE FOR ASSESSING FEEDING DAMAGE BYLEPTOGLOSSUS OCCIDENTALISHEIDEMANN (HEMIPTERA: COREIDAE) ON CONES
Authors: Campbell Bruce C. , Shea Patrick J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPectinmethylesterase (PME) activity was found in the salivary glands of nymphs and adults of a leaf-footed bug,Leptoglossus occidentalisHeidemann. Puncture wounds in cone scales resulting from PME activity in the saliva of these bugs were seen by staining with a 0.05% aqueous solution of ruthenium red. This staining technique can be used to estimate feeding damage byL.occidentalison cones of western white pine (Pinus monticolaDougl.), sugar pine (P.lambertianaDougl.), and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii[Mirb.] Franco).
SURVEY FOR INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN SOME ONTARIO POPULATIONS OF THE APPLE LEAFMINER PARASITE, PHOLETESOR ORNIGIS (WEED) (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE)
Authors: Trimble R.M. , Pree D.J. , Vickers P.M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPholetesor ornigis (Weed) from 16 orchards in seven Ontario apple production areas were tested from 1987 to 1989 to determine if their levels of resistance to permethrin and methomyl were higher than those measured earlier in two Ontario populations and if they had developed resistance to azinphosmethyl. Higher levels of resistance were not detected and there was no evidence of resistance to azinphosmethyl. Some possible reasons for the lack of higher levels of insecticide resistance and some alternatives to insecticide resistance for parasite conservation are discussed.
NEW SPECIES OF THE FAMILY PAUROPODIDAE (PAUROPODA) FROM CENTRAL JAPAN
Authors: Hagino Yasunori 
Published: November 2009

AbstractFourteen new species of the family Pauropodidae are described from central Japan: Allopauropus (Allopauropus) loligoformis. A. (Decapauropus) fortisus, A. (D.) ibarakiensis, A. (D.) infurcatus, A. (D.) ligulosus, A. (D.) pseudokoreanus, A. (D.) tetraramosus, A. (D.) toshiyukii, A. (D.) yamizo, Pauropus tamurai, Stylopauropus (Stylopauropus) canaliculatus, S. (Donzelotauropus) peniculatus, S. (D.) undulatus, and Colinauropus schelleri. Among them, two genera, Stylopauropus and Colinauropus, are recorded for the first time from Japan.
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF COMPSILURA CONCINNATA (MEIGAN) (DIPTERA: TACHINIDAE) PARASITIZING GYPSY MOTH LARVAE FEEDING ON TANNIN DIETS
Authors: Bourchier R.S. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAll larval instars of Compsilura concinnata (Meigan) (Diptera: Tachinidae) develop in the midgut of the gypsy moth [Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)] between the peritrophic membrane and gut wall. Parasitoid larvae placed artificially in the host haemocoel quickly moved to this characteristic position. There was a positive relationship between parasitoid size, as measured by the weight of the puparium, and the potential fecundity of female flies. When C. concinnata parasitized third-instar larval hosts, there were fewer successful multiple emergences, parasitoid larvae took longer to develop, and puparia were significantly smaller than those of parasitoids attacking fifth-instar hosts.Gypsy moth larvae grew more slowly on diets supplemented with 0.5 and 2.5% tannic acid than on non-supplemented diets. Similarly, C. concinnata females were smaller (with associated reduction in fecundity) when emerging from hosts feeding on the tannin diets than when hosts were feeding on control diets. The effect of tannic acid on the parasitoid was indirect and was the result of a reduction in host quality on the tannin diets. Reduction in parasitoid fecundity associated with tritropic interactions (among the host plant, the gypsy moth, and the parasitoid) may provide a possible explanation for the irregular impact of C. concinnata on gypsy moth populations.
FIRST RECORDS OF PHORETIC BEHAVIOUR OF TARSONEMUS ASCITUS DELFINADO (ACARINA: TARSONEMIDAE) ON GRAIN-INHABITING BEETLES AND ITS SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION ON CARTODERE CONSTRICTA (GYLLENHAL) (COLEOPTERA: LATHRIDIIDAE)
Authors: Barker Philip S. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAdult female Tarsonemus ascitus Delfinado mites are recorded for the first time as phoretic on the grain-inhabiting lathridiid beetles Cartodere constricta (Gyllenhal) and Enicmus fictus Fall, and the rhizophagid beetle Monotoma picipes Herbst. The mites preferred to attach to the lateral and undersides of the prothorax of the beetles. The spatial distribution of T. ascitus on C. constricta in suction traps was determined as a guide to the numbers of beetles that would have to be collected to obtain reliable estimates of numbers of mites found per beetle. The mean numbers of mites per beetle was always smaller than the variance, and the spatial distribution of the mites followed a negative binomial distribution. The numbers of beetles required to be collected to provide a predetermined measure of the precision of the numbers of mites per beetle were calculated.
TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT DEVELOPMENT OF THE MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) AND SIMULATION OF ITS PHENOLOGY
Authors: Bentz Barbara J. , Logan Jesse A. , Amman Gene D. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTemperature-dependent development of the egg, larval, and pupal life-stages of the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) was described using data from constant-temperature laboratory experiments. A phenology model describing the effect of temperature on the temporal distribution of the life-stages was developed using these data. Phloem temperatures recorded in a beetle-infested lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Douglas) were used as input to run the model. Results from model simulations suggest that inherent temperature thresholds in each life-stage help to synchronize population dynamics with seasonal climatic changes. This basic phenological information and the developed model will facilitate both research and management endeavors aimed at reducing losses in lodgepole pine stands caused by mountain pine beetle infestations.
CONSPECIFIC SUPERPARASITISM IN TWO PARASITOID WASPS,APHIDIUS ERVIHALIDAY ANDAPHELINUS ASYCHISWALKER: REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES INFLUENCE HOST DISCRIMINATION
Authors: Bai B. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractConspecific host discrimination and larval competition in two aphid parasitoid species were studied in the laboratory using the pea aphid,Acyrthosiphon pisum(Harris) (Homoptera: Aphididae), as a host.Aphidius erviHaliday (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) used internal host cues to discriminate between unparasitized and conspecific parasitized hosts. When only parasitized hosts were available, females oviposited into recently parasitized ones where their progeny had a good chance to survive, but rejected those parasitized ≥24 h earlier where their offspring normally died. Competitions occurred only after both eggs had hatched. Larvae eliminated supernumeraries by means of physical combat and physiological suppression. InAphelinus asychisWalker (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), factors, or changes in host internal condition, associated with hatching of the first egg resulted in suppression of conspecific competitors which could be in either larval or egg stage. The older larvae always won competitions through physiological means. A wasp’s oviposition decision is shown to be influenced by the probability of its progeny’s survival. Species that have different reproductive strategies may respond differently to identical host conditions.
BIOLOGICAL CHARACTER ANALYSIS, CLASSIFICATION, AND HISTORY OF THE NORTH AMERICANCICINDELA SPLENDIDAHENTZ GROUP TAXA (COLEOPTERA: CICINDELIDAE)
Authors: Schincariol Larry Aldo , Freitag Richard 
Published: November 2009

AbstractComparisons of selected biological attributes were made to establish a phylogenetic basis for the classification of theCicindela splendidaHentz group taxa. Recognized members of the group,C.splendida,C.limbalisKlug, andC.denverensisCasey, are spring-fall species, and northern populations emerge later during spring than southern populations. Despite differences in time of peak abundance, the three species overlap in time and space. The absence of large numbers of hybrids of these three species suggests that although closely related, their adults can distinguish from each other, and thus their rank as species should be retained.Comparison of geographical distribution of these species with that of dominant soil types revealed that they had similar soil preferences. The geographical distribution of all three species was smaller than the range of their preferred soil types, probably because of the same factors that influence their local distributions.Morphometric analyses of these species revealed a closer similarity betweenC.splendidaandC.limbalis. In both sexes elytral pattern, percentage maculation, elytral colour, and non-sensory setae number collectively distinguish these species from each other, whereas body measurements, body ratios, sensory setae, and labral setae collectively fail to distinguish them.Based on plesiomorph/apomorph character polarization, and theC.purpureaOlivier group as outgroup, it was determined thatC.denverensisrepresents an early lineage of theC.splendidagroup, whereasC.splendidaandC.limbalisare more recent sister species.The ancestor of theC.splendidagroup probably evolved during late stages of the Tertiary Period as a North American resident and was a continental, riparian, cool-temperate form that ranged across Canada and northeastern and central United States. Extant forms speciated during the late Pleistocene as a result of spatial fragmentation of populations, isolation, and adaptation during glacial and interglacial periods.
SEX PHEROMONE COMPONENTS OF THE EYESPOTTED BUD MOTH, SPILONOTA OCELLANA (DENIS AND SCHIFFERMÜLLER) (LEPIDOPTERA: OLETHREUTIDAE)
Authors: McBrien H. , Gries G. , Gries R. , Borden J.H. , Judd G.J.R. , King G.G.S. , Slessor K.N. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractZ8-tetradecenyl acetate (Z8-14OAc andZ8-tetradecenyl alcohol (Z8-14OH) were identified as sex pheromone components of the eyespotted bud moth, Spilonota ocellana (Denis and Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae). Compounds were identified by gas chrornatographic-eleclroantennographic (GC-EAD) and GC-mass spectroscopic analyses and field tested in apple orchards in the Okanagan Valley, B.C. Although Z8-14OAc alone was attractive to male S. ocellana, the addition of 1–5% Z8-14OH strongly synergized its attraction. Field tests comparing the attractiveness of virgin female S. ocellana with various doses of a 99:1 blend of Z8-14OAc and Z8-14OH indicated the natural sex pheromone has only two significant components. A 99:1 blend of Z8-14OAC and Z8-14OH is suggested for monitoring and control of S. ocellana populations in British Columbia.
FEEDING BEHAVIOR OF THE ADULT COLORADO POTATO BEETLE, LEPTINOTARSA DECEMLINEATA (SAY), ON SOLANUM BERTHAVLTII HAWKES
Authors: Pelletier Yvan , Smilowitz Zane 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe feeding behavior of adult Colorado potato beetles has been studied on leaflets from two clones of Solanum berthaultii Hawkes (PI473340, clones #1726 and #1729) and on S. tuberosum L. var. Norchip leaflets treated with leaf extract from S. berthaultii 1726. Treatment of S. tuberosum leaflet with leaf extract from S. berthaultii 1726 (0.075 mg/cm2 of leaflet) did not modify the behavior of adult Colorado potato beetles even if consumption was reduced. On S. berthaultii 1726, consumption and consumption rate were reduced, the frequency of the “moving” behavior increased, the frequency of the “resting” behavior decreased, and the frequency of the “feeding” behavior did not change compared with S. tuberosum. The antifeedant property of S. berthaultii 1726 probably was perceived during the sampling step of the feeding behavior and prevented continuous feeding.The beetles avoided contact with S. berthaultii 1729 leaflets, less consumption occurred, the frequency of the “feeding” and “resting” behaviors was reduced, and the “moving” frequency increased in most cases. This suggested the presence of deterrents influencing host acceptance and initiation of feeding. On S. berthaultii 1726 and 1729, the frequency of some behaviors changed during the bioassay (2.5 h in duration), probably as a consequence of food deprivation.
KORSCHELTELLUS GRACILIS (GROTE): A PEST OF RED SPRUCE AND BALSAM FIR ROOTS (LEPIDOPTERA: HEPIALIDAE)
Authors: Wagner David L. , Tobi Donald R. , Wallner William E. , Parker Bruce L. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractKorscheltellus gracilis (Grote) is a pest of red spruce and balsam fir roots in the forests of the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada. The larvae feed below ground on woody and non-woody plant tissues for 2 years before maturing. It was found at 18 localities across New England and Nova Scotia during the summers of 1987 and 1988. On Whiteface Mt., New York, and Mt. Moosilauke, New Hampshire, larvae were absent to uncommon at low (500 m) and high (1300 m) altitudes, but common to abundant in red spruce – balsam fir associations at 700, 900, and 1100 m. During September 1987, larval populations were estimated at 56 000 and 312 000 per hectare in soils at 900 m on Whiteface and Moosilauke, respectively. Dense populations occurred locally, e.g. 27 larvae were recovered from a single 0.25-m2 soil pit at 900 m on Moosilauke. By June 1988, larval numbers on Whiteface and Moosilauke had declined by 51% and 72%, respectively. Seedlings and mature trees of both spruce and fir were damaged by larval feeding on bark and cambium. Seedlings were girdled; mature trees had wounds paralleling the root axes.
DIFFERENTIAL IMPACT OF THE PATHOGEN PANDORA NEOAPHIDIS (R.&H.) HUMBER (ZYGOMYCETES: ENTOMOPHTHORALES) ON THE SPECIES COMPOSITION OF ACYRTHOSIPHON APHIDS IN ALFALFA
Authors: Pickering J. , Gutierrez A.P. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA fungal outbreak of Pandora neoaphidis (Remaudière and Hennebert) Humber (Zygomycetes, Entomophthorales, Entomophthoraceae) caused maximum daily mortality of 6 and 34%, respectively, in sympatric populations of Acyrthosiphon kondoi Shinji and Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris (Homoptera, Aphididae). This epidemic suppressed the A. pisum population but not the A. kondoi population. The results suggest that low level infections in A. kondoi may greatly increase the inoculum available for transmission to the highly susceptible A. pisum.
GRANULAR INSECTICIDES AGAINST OVERWINTERED TUBER FLEA BEETLE, EPITRIX TUBERIS GENTNER (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE), ON POTATO
Authors: Vernon R.S. , Mackenzie J.R. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSix systemic and two nonsystemic granular insecticides were evaluated by application in the furrow at planting for control of overwintered tuber flea beetles, Epitrix tuberis Gentner. Studies were conducted from 1986 to 1988 in three soil types in the lower Fraser Valley of British Columbia. Of the registered systemic insecticides tested, phorate and aldicarb gave rapid and consistent control of overwintered adults released on the foliage 24–30 days after planting, whereas disulfoton and carbofuran were either less effective or more variable in their control. Terbufos and cloethocarb, not registered for use on potatoes, gave control of adult beetles similar to that of phorate and aldicarb. Mortality of overwintered generation adults resulting from these systemic insecticides was correlated with numbers of beetles emerging in the summer adult generation. Neither fonofos nor chlorpyrifos, the nonsystemic granular insecticides, gave effective control of overwintered flea beetles. Only fonofos significantly reduced the emergence of beetles of the summer generation, but the control was inconsistent between years. When beetles were released on the foliage 56 and 65 days after planting, the fewest beetles emerged from the phorate and terbufos plots. All treatments were less effective in highly organic soils than in mineral soils. The advantages of using granular systemic insecticides for controlling overwintered E. tuberis, and strategies for improving control in association with integrated pest management programs are discussed.
MODELLING OVIPOSITION OF THE HOUSE FLY (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE)
Authors: Lysyk T.J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe relationship between temperature and ovarian development rates, as well as the cumulative probability of a female becoming gravid, were determined for the house fly, Musca domestica (L.), based on previously published information. These relationships were combined to form a model that simulates oviposition of house fly populations using average daily temperatures, eggs per cycle, and daily survival as input. Simulation results were compared with observed oviposition in three caged populations of house flies exposed to field temperatures. A high correlation occurred between simulated and observed eggs laid (r = 0.88), as well as between simulated and observed lxmx (r = 0.91). The model overestimated the onset of oviposition for one population, but closely simulated the timing of oviposition for the other two. The model also tended to overestimate the reproductive contribution of flies during the second and subsequent ovarian cycles.
SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION AND PARITY OF HOST-SEEKING HORSE FLIES (DIPTERA: TABANIDAE) FROM A PASTURE NEAR SEVEN SISTERS, MANITOBA
Authors: McElligott Paul E.K. , Galloway Terry D. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTwenty species of Tabanidae in three genera [Hybomitra (15 spp.), Tabanus (four spp.), Haematopota (one sp.)] were caught in Manitoba horse fly traps from mid-May to mid-July in 1987, and from mid-May to mid-August in 1988. Hybomitra lurida (Fallen) and H. nitidifrons nuda (McDunnough) peaked in abundance in late May to early June; H. illota (Osten Sacken) and H. lasiophthalma (Macquart) in early June; H. affinis (Kirby), H. arpadi (Szilady), and H. zonalis (Kirby) in mid-June; H. epistates (Osten Sacken) and H. pechumani Teskey and Thomas in late June to early July. Abundance of H. trepida (McDunnough) peaked twice, in late June and early August. Tabanid density and diversity were greatest during June; few flies were present at the site after mid-July. For most species, at the beginning of the flight season, 80–100% of flies dissected were nulliparous. After approximately 1 month of flight activity, parity in all but three species reached levels approaching 100%, and remained high thereafter. Hybomitra lurida and H. nitidifrons nuda were 100% parous within 2 weeks of their first appearance in traps. Parity of H. trepida increased to 100% after 4 weeks, declined to 40% 2 weeks later, and returned to 100% after another 2 weeks.