bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel set of structures within the elasmobranch, ovarian follicle
Authors: Davenport Ian R. , Weaver Adam L. , Wourms John P. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractElasmobranch fishes produce some of the largest oocytes known, exceeding 10 cm in diameter. Using various microscopy techniques we investigated the structural adaptations which facilitate the production of these large egg cells in three species of shark: the Atlantic sharpnose shark, Rhizoprionodon terraenovae, dusky smoothound, Mustelus canis and the little gulper shark, Centrophorus uyato. The ovarian follicle of elasmobranchs follows the typical vertebrate pattern, with one notable exception; the zona pellucida reaches extreme widths, over 70 μm, during early oogenesis. Contact between the follicle cells and the oocyte across the zona pellucida is necessary for oogenesis. We describe here a novel set of large, tube‐like structures, which we named follicle cell processes that bridge this gap. The follicle cell processes are more robust than the microvilli associated with the follicle cells and the oocyte plasma membrane and much longer. During early oogenesis the follicle increases in size relatively quickly resulting in a wide zona pellucida. At this stage the follicle cell processes appear taut, uniform and radially oriented. As oogenesis continues the zona pellucida narrows and the follicle cell processes change their orientation, appearing to wrap around the oocyte. The presence of the contractile protein actin within the follicle cell processes and their change in orientation may well be an adaptation for maintaining the integrity of these large oocytes. The follicle cell processes also contain electron dense material, identical to material found within the follicle cells, suggesting a role in the transport of metabolites to the developing oocyte. J. Morphol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Methodology for the reduction of parameters in the inverse transformation of Schwarz–Christoffel applied to electromagnetic devices with axial geometry
Authors: Calixto Wesley Pacheco , da Mota Jesus Carlos , de Alvarenga Bernardo Pinheiro 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis paper presents a method for calculating the parameters of the Schwarz–Christoffel inverse transformation using the Genetic Algorithm. It is shown that for problems involving a polygonal geometry with axial symmetry, the number of estimated parameters is reduced by half. Simulations are performed with polygonal figures with several different geometries and with up to 27 sides. A four‐sided polygon is inversely mapped in order to verify the accuracy of the method. The method is also applied for calculating the induction lines and the flux lines in the region of a doubly slotted airgap of an electrical machine. Finally, based on the length of the midline of induction in the airgap, a new and very simple formula to calculate the Carter factor of an electrical machine is presented, which takes into account the actual geometry of the airgap. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Political skill as an indicator of promotability among multiple rater sources
Authors: Gentry William A. , Gilmore David C. , Shuffler Marissa L. , Leslie Jean Brittain 
Published: February 2011

SummaryRecognizing that organizations are inherently political arenas, investigating the relationship between political skill and various individual and organizational outcomes is increasing in the literature because employees need political skill in order to work effectively in such environments. Previous research, however, has not examined whether political skill is an indicator of promotability among different rater sources (i.e., bosses, direct reports, and peers). This study attempted to fill such gaps in previous research by examining whether the magnitude of the relationship between political skill and promotability differed depending upon which rater source was evaluating promotability. Using data from 262 practicing target‐managers from around the world, the authors found that target‐managers with more political skill had higher promotability ratings from three different coworker perspectives and the magnitude of the relationship was different for bosses and peers vis‐à‐vis direct reports. Furthermore, peer ratings of task‐related leader behavior mediated the relationship between political skill and boss ratings of promotability. Contributions of this study are discussed, as are limitations, future research directions, and practical implications. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic patterns of flow in the workplace: Characterizing within‐individual variability using a complexity science approach
Authors: Ceja Lucía , Navarro José 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAs a result of the growing interest in studying employee well‐being as a complex process that portrays high levels of within‐individual variability and evolves over time, this present study considers the experience of flow in the workplace from a nonlinear dynamical systems approach. Our goal is to offer new ways to move the study of employee well‐being beyond linear approaches. With nonlinear dynamical systems theory as the backdrop, we conducted a longitudinal study using the experience sampling method and qualitative semi‐structured interviews for data collection; 6981 registers of data were collected from a sample of 60 employees. The obtained time series were analyzed using various techniques derived from the nonlinear dynamical systems theory (i.e., recurrence analysis and surrogate data) and multiple correspondence analyses. The results revealed the following: 1) flow in the workplace presents a high degree of within‐individual variability; this variability is characterized as chaotic for most of the cases (75%); 2) high levels of flow are associated with chaos; and 3) different dimensions of the flow experience (e.g., merging of action and awareness) as well as individual (e.g., age) and job characteristics (e.g., job tenure) are associated with the emergence of different dynamic patterns (chaotic, linear and random). Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A daily series of mean sea‐level pressure for London, 1692–2007
Authors: Cornes Richard C. , Jones Phil D. , Briffa Keith R. , Osborn Timothy J. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis paper presents a new 300‐year daily series of Mean Sea‐Level Pressure (MSLP) for the city of London. Daily barometer readings recorded in the vicinity of London were digitised from several sources and by joining these data with previously available data, a near‐continuous series was constructed to span the period 1692–2007. The data were quality controlled and then corrected to represent daily means of MSLP at standard modern‐day conditions. This series was then subjected to a statistical homogenisation procedure. The Penalized Maximal t‐test was used with several reference series to identify breakpoints in the series over the period 1780–2007. In the absence of suitable reference series, the homogeneity of the earlier 1692–1779 period was tested using the Penalized Maximal F‐test. Both tests were implemented through the RHtestV2 software on the monthly and annual means derived from the daily data. The majority of the identified breakpoints could be supported by meta‐data and most occur at the juncture of the component series. A major feature of the homogenised series is that the long‐term mean is 1.2 hPa lower than that of the previous monthly series for London created under the EU ADVICE project for the period 1774–1999. The long‐term mean of 1015.2 hPa for the new series is more consistent with other long MSLP series in the UK. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Lack of association between adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and previously reported single nucleotide polymorphisms in MATN1, MTNR1B, TPH1, and IGF1 in a Japanese population
Authors: Takahashi Yohei , Matsumoto Morio , Karasugi Tatsuki , Watanabe Kota , Chiba Kazuhiro , Kawakami Noriaki , Tsuji Taichi , Uno Koki , Suzuki Teppei , Ito Manabu , Sudo Hideki , Minami Shohei , Kotani Toshiaki , Kono Katsuki , Yanagida Haruhisa , Taneichi Hiroshi , Takahashi Atsushi , Toyama Yoshiaki , Ikegawa Shiro 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAdolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a spinal deformity most commonly arising in apparently healthy girls around puberty. AIS has a strong genetic predisposition. Several genetic associations between AIS and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been reported; common SNPs in the genes for matrilin 1 (MATN1), melatonin receptor 1B (MTNR1B), tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1), and insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF1) are reported to be associated with AIS in Chinese. However, these associations have not been replicated so far. To confirm the associations, we compared these SNPs with AIS predisposition and curve severity in a population of Japanese females consisting of 798 AIS patients and 1,239 controls. All the subjects were genotyped using the PCR‐based Invader assay. We found no association of any of the SNPs with AIS predisposition or curve severity. Considering the statistical power and sample size of the present study, we concluded that these SNPs are not associated with either AIS predisposition or curve severity in Japanese. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29: 1055–1058, 2011
Does high‐flexion total knee arthroplasty promote early loosening of the femoral component?
Authors: Zelle Jorrit , Janssen Dennis , Van Eijden Jolanda , De Waal Malefijt Maarten , Verdonschot Nico 
Published: February 2011

AbstractHigh‐flexion knee replacements have been developed to accommodate a large range of motion (RoM > 120°). Knee implants that allow for higher flexion may be more sensitive to femoral loosening as the knee load is relatively high during deep knee flexion, which could result in an increased failure potential at the implant–cement interface of the femoral component. A 3D finite element knee model was developed including a posterior‐stabilized high‐flexion knee replacement to analyze the stress state at the femoral implant–cement interface during a full squatting movement (RoM ≤ 155°). During deep flexion (RoM > 120°), tensile and shear stress concentrations were found at the implant–cement interface beneath the proximal part of the anterior flange. Particularly, the shear stresses at this interface location increased during high flexion, from a peak stress of 4.03 MPa at 90° to 6.89 MPa at 140° of flexion. Tensile stresses were substantially lower, having a peak stress of 0.72 MPa at 100° of flexion. Using data from earlier interface strength experiments, none of the interface beneath the anterior flange was predicted to fail in the normal flexion range (RoM ≤ 120°), whereas the prediction increased to 2.2% of the interface during deeper knee flexion. Thigh‐calf contact reduced the knee forces, interface load, and failure risk beyond 140–145° of flexion. Based on the more critical stresses at the femoral fixation site between 120° and 145° of flexion, we conclude that the femoral component has a higher risk of loosening at high‐flexion angles. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29: 976–983, 2011
Toll‐like receptors and their adaptors are regulated in macrophages after phagocytosis of lipopolysaccharide‐coated titanium particles
Authors: Hirayama Tomoyuki , Tamaki Yasunobu , Takakubo Yuya , Iwazaki Kiyoshi , Sasaki Kan , Ogino Toshihiko , Goodman Stuart B. , Konttinen Yrjö T. , Takagi Michiaki 
Published: February 2011

AbstractMacrophages phagocytose metallic wear particles and produce mediators, which can induce cellular host response and aseptic implant loosening. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the wear debris can stimulate macrophages via Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) and enhance the response. However, the precise functional role and interaction of TLRs and their adaptor molecules is still unclear. Rat bone marrow macrophages were stimulated with titanium particle (Ti) coated by LPS (Ti/LPS+) and LPS‐free Ti (Ti/LPS−). mRNA levels of cytokines, TLRs and their adaptor molecules were measured using real time PCR. mRNA levels of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 increased in Ti/LPS+ than Ti/LPS−. In contrast, mRNA levels of TLR4, TLR5, and TLR9 decreased in Ti/LPS+ compared to Ti/LPS−. mRNA levels of MyD88, IRAK1, IRAK4 decreased gradually, and TRAF6 underwent an initial transient increase, followed by suppression in Ti/LPS+. However, mRNA levels of TLR2 and IRAK2 increased after phagocytosis of Ti/LPS+ than Ti/LPS−. The increased expressions of proinflammatory cytokines found in Ti/LPS+ indicated that their productions cytokines could be enhanced by phagocytosis of LPS‐coated particles. Subsequent down‐regulation of TLR4, TLR5, TLR9, MyD88, IRAK1, and IRAK4 suggests that self‐protective mechanisms to regulate excessive host responses are activated in macrophages. Increase of TLR2 and IRAK2 and a transient increase of TRAF6 in Ti/LPS+ suggest that another possible pathway to modulate TLR‐mediated cellular response to prolong inflammatory response in foreign body reaction of aseptic loosening. This down‐ and/or up‐regulation of the potential TLR‐mediated responses to LPS‐coated particles reflects the proactive behavior of effector cells. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29: 984–992, 2011
Adolescents after pemberton's osteotomy for developmental dysplasia of the hip displayed greater joint loading than healthy controls in affected and unaffected limbs during gait
Authors: Chang Chu‐Fen , Wang Ting‐Ming , Wang Jyh‐Horng , Huang Shier‐Chieg , Lu Tung‐Wu 
Published: February 2011

AbstractPatients after reduced developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) are at higher than normal risk of developing avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head and degenerative hip osteoarthritis (OA) that are closely related to abnormal loadings. We aimed to determine the lower limb loadings in adolescents after Pemberton's osteotomy for unilateral DDH. Eleven females (age: 10.6 ± 1.0 years), who had received Pemberton's osteotomy for unilateral DDH at 1.6 ± 0.5 years of age, and 12 age‐matched healthy controls were studied using gait analysis. Compared to the normal controls, the patients were displayed greater peak axial forces at the hip, knee, and ankle in both limbs, with greater loading rates in the ground reaction force (GRF) and at the hips (p < 0.05 for all comparisons). The increased rates of repetitive loading around heel strike in both hips suggest that patients treated for unilateral DDH using Pemberton's osteotomy may be at higher risk of premature hip OA. The increased axial forces at the affected hip may be a contributing factor to the development of AVN of the femoral head in these patients, especially when incomplete coverage, insufficient congruency, and/or damaged articular surfaces remain after the osteotomy. Therefore, monitoring the loading condition at the hip is necessary for a more accurate assessment of the risk of developing joint pathology in patients after reduced DDH. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29: 1034–1041, 2011
Evaluation of the fixed nitrogen‐to‐protein (N:P) conversion factor (6.25) versus ingredient specific N:P conversion factors in feedstuffs
Authors: Sriperm Nuntawadee , Pesti Gene M , Tillman Paul B 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: The crude protein (CP) of feedstuffs is important as an indicator of essential and non‐essential amino acids for livestock. The protein (P) level needs to be known accurately, to minimize the feeding of excess nitrogen (N) and to reduce N pollution. Laboratory methods for determining N content report N from amino acids, but also N from ammonia and from non‐amino acid sources. The determined CP based on 6.25 × N level typically overestimates the true protein of feedstuffs.RESULTS: Determined ingredient‐specific N:P conversion factors kA, kP and k were not equal to the standard 6.25 factor. The kA had the highest value in all ingredients, which leads to the estimation of specific crude protein (SCP), which is closer to true protein (the summation of the total amino acid residues from amino acid analyses). The SCP(kA) was lower than CP and true protein in all ingredients, demonstrating that CP might overestimate the actual protein in feedstuffs.CONCLUSION: Based on data from 677 feedstuff samples from 2009, it is concluded that the mean kA should be 5.68 for corn, 5.64 for soybean meal, 5.74 for corn DDGS, 5.45 for poultry by‐product meal and 5.37 for meat and bone meal. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Hypermethylation of tumor‐related genes in tunisian patients with gastric carcinoma: Clinical and biological significance
Authors: Ben Ayed‐Guerfali Dorra , Benhaj Khemais , Khabir Abdelmajid , Abid Mohamed , Bayrouti Mohamed Issam , Sellami‐Boudawara Tahia , Gargouri Ali , Mokdad‐Gargouri Raja 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackgroundPromoter hypermethylation is an alternative mechanism of gene silencing in cancers including gastric carcinoma (GC). Its affects genes with crucial functions as tumor suppressor.MethodsDNA methylation in the promoter of P16INK4a, DAPK, retinoic acid receptor β (RARβ2), RASSF1A, and CDH1 genes was investigated in 79 Tunisian patients with GC using methylation‐specific PCR.ResultsThe methylation frequencies vary from 31.6% for P16INK4a to 65.8% for RARβ2. Hypermethylation of DAPK and CDH1 was associated with tumor grade and age (P = 0.04 and 0.034) respectively, while hypermethylation of RASSF1A correlated with TNM stage (P = 0.027). The distribution of the methylated DNA at P16INK4a, DAPK, and CDH1 promoters were different in the intestinal and diffuse histotypes of GC according to TNM. Moreover, the survival rate of patients with P16INK4a methylated status was shorter than that of patients with the unmethylated status (P log rank = 0.009). On the other hand, the hypermethylation of RARβ2 correlated with COX‐2 expression (P = 0.001).ConclusionWe showed that methylation of P16INK4a is predictive of poor prognosis and could be a useful marker. Moreover, the association between RARβ2 methylation and COX‐2 expression suggests a functional link between these two proteins in gastric carcinogenesis. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011;103:687–694. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Serum soluble vascular adhesion protein‐1 is a valuable prognostic marker in gastric cancer
Authors: Yasuda Hiromi , Toiyama Yuji , Ohi Masaki , Mohri Yasuhiko , Miki Chikao , Kusunoki Masato 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackgroundVascular adhesion protein‐1 (VAP‐1) regulates leukocyte tissue infiltration. Elevated serum soluble VAP‐1 (sVAP‐1) levels occur in certain diseases having an inflammatory component. We previously showed in colorectal cancer that sVAP‐1 expression is significantly higher relative to controls, and this decreased expression is associated with poor prognosis and lymph node and liver metastasis. However, sVAP‐1 expression has not been described for gastric cancer. This study determines the relationship between preoperative serum sVAP‐1 levels and clinicopathological features and prognosis in gastric cancer.MethodsPreoperative serum was collected from 107 gastric cancer patients and 33 normal controls. sVAP‐1 levels were assayed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsThe mean sVAP‐1 level for cancer patients was significantly higher relative to controls, and decreased with disease progression. Tumor size, serosal invasion, lymph node metastasis, peritoneal dissemination, and TNM classification was significantly correlated with sVAP‐1 level. sVAP‐1 is also an independent predictive marker for lymph node metastasis. Patients having low sVAP‐1 levels had significantly poorer prognosis relative to patients having elevated sVAP‐1 in all or stages I–III gastric cancer patients, respectively.ConclusionsLow sVAP‐1 levels are associated with poor prognosis in gastric cancer. Determining sVAP‐1 levels may be valuable for predicting prognosis and lymph node metastasis. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011;103:695–699. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis of signet ring cell carcinoma of the stomach: Results from a chinese mono‐institutional study
Authors: Jiang Cheng‐Gang , Wang Zhen‐Ning , Sun Zhe , Liu Fu‐Nan , Yu Miao , Xu Hui‐Mian 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackgroundSignet ring cell carcinoma (SRC) of the stomach is a histological type based on microscopic characteristics, and its clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis are still controversial.MethodsA retrospective analysis was under taken for 2,315 patients with gastric cancer who had undergone gastrectomy from 1980 to 2004. Among them, 211 patients had SRC and were compared with 2,104 patients with non‐signet ring cell carcinoma (NSRC).ResultsSignificant differences were noted in age, gender, and depth of tumor invasion between patients with SRC and NSRC of early gastric carcinoma. There were statistically significant differences in age, gender, macroscopic appearance, tumor size, depth of tumor invasion, peritoneal dissemination, and curability between patients with SRC and NSRC of advanced gastric carcinoma. In early gastric carcinoma, patients with SRC had a significantly better survival rate than those with NSRC, and the signet ring cell histology was an independent predictive factor. In advanced gastric carcinoma, there was no significant difference of survival rate between SRC and NSRC, and the signet ring cell histology was not an independent predictive factor.ConclusionsSRC is a distinct type of gastric carcinoma in terms of clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011;103:700–703. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Culinary tourism strategic development: an Asia‐Pacific perspective
Authors: Horng Jeou‐Shyan , Tsai Chen‐Tsang (Simon) 
Published: February 2011

AbstractMany destinations view their food and cuisine as a market niche. Operating within the Asia‐Pacific perspective, this study analyzed the key success factors in culinary tourism based on resource‐based theory in seven benchmark countries to identify the structure of promotional strategic development in culinary tourism. The methodology primarily involved in‐depth interviews and document analyses. The results identified four key success factors: (i) identifying and effectively using culinary tourism resources; (ii) evaluating governmental principles for promoting culinary tourism; (iii) adopting marketing strategies to promote culinary cultural sectors; and (iv) constructing educational environment for culinary culture and tourism. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prediction of sexual trauma via disruption of sex–aggression associations
Authors: Reed Rachel , McGrath Robert E. , Armeli Stephen 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA variant of the Implicit Association Test focusing on the association of sexual and aggressive themes was administered to 90 college students (61 women) and correlated with a series of variables based on participant history of sexually traumatic events. A history of sexual abuse was correlated with increased difficulties in processing sexual and aggressive concepts simultaneously. Furthermore, this relationship remained significant after controlling for general level of emotional distress, and even after controlling for self‐reported aggressiveness and positive feelings towards sex. The findings provide grounds for further exploration of deficits in associations between sexual and aggressive concepts as a possible indicator of the cognitive effects of sexual abuse.