bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anodic polarization as a possible rapid method of deciding whether a given solution is corrosive or inhibitive
Authors: Hancock P. , Mayne J. E. O. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAnodic polarization curves have been obtained with twelve systems of mixed corrosive and inhibitive ions and it has been found that when the results are compared with total immersion tests, the corrosive or inhibitive nature of the solutions could be estimated from the nature of the polarization curves, with only one exception (NaNO2 + NaCl).In several cases corrosion occurred in the immersion tests when the polarization curves indicated that the solution was just inhibitive, but the borderline between corrosion and passivity is not clear cut and there are reasons for believing that with solutions in the borderline region this method has a slight bias towards passivity.The probability of corrosion increases with the size of the specimen and is affected by shape, i.e. by the presence of crevices where the inhibitor may become exhausted.When modified this method may form the basis of an accelerated test.
The preparation of crystalline δ‐alumina
Authors: Rooksby H. P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThree methods are described for preparing une of the transition forms of alurtlina, the δ‐fornt, in a comparatively advanced state of crystallinity. In these preparations the crystal structure is sufficiently well‐developed for complete X‐ray powder diffraction spacing and intensity data to be compiled, and these data are presented. The methods of preparation comprise:
Heat treatment of a dense form of high‐purity alumina monohydrate in air at about 950° over an extended period.
Ignition of ammonium aluminium sulphate impregnated with ammonium molybdate at 950°.
Heat treatment at 1100° in air of a flame‐sprayed alumina displaying the cubic gamma structure.
The spherulized alumina described by Plumnier in the preceding paper contains a high proportion of crystalline δ‐form.
Recovery of gold, silver and nickel from alkaline cyanide solutions by means of weak‐base ion‐exchange resins
Authors: Aveston J. , Everest D. A. , Kember N. F. , Wells R. A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractGold as cyanoaurate is selectively adsorbed by weak‐base resins from alkaline cyanide liquors containing base metal cyanides, and can be quantitatively eluted with aqueous sodium thiocyanate. Interference from, sulphur‐containing anions, especially thiocyanate, which are present in gold ore leach liquors may be overcome by incorporation of 6–10% of strong‐base groups into the weak‐base resin. Resins containing about equal numbers of strong‐ and weak‐base groups are reasonably selective for nickel and silver, which are normally adsorbed together. They may be eluted with either sodium thiocyanate or sodium nitrate made alkaline with ammonia or sodium cyanide. A possible method for the large‐scale recovery of gold, nickel and silver from pregnant cyanide liquors is put forward.
Calcination of rutile‐type titanium dioxide hydrolysates
Authors: Latty James E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA study has been made of the nature and size of particles produced during the hydrolysis of solutions from titanium ores, and the effect of calcination of these particles. It is shown that the crystallites obtained by hydrolysis grow within the micelles at 600–700° and that at higher temperatures the crystallites sinter to form pigment particles and appreciable conversion to rutile takes place. The effects of the presence of small amounts of alkali during calcination are examined.
Studies on the sorption of moisture by polymers. II. The cellulose‐cellulose acetate system
Authors: Beever D. K. , Valentine L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe adsorption isotherms at 22° of water vapour for a series of homogeneously deacetylated cellulose acetates have been determined. Plots of the sorption (expressed as molecules of water per repeat unit) at any relative humidity against the degree of substitution (D.S.) were linear in the range D.S. = 0.6–2.6. Extrapolation of these linear plots, which are believed to refer to completely amorphous copolymers, to the ordinates at D.S. = 0 or 3 has yielded estimates of the adsorption isotherms of amorphous cellulose and amorphous cellulose triacetate. The values so obtained for amorphous cellulose are in good agreement at high humidities with estimates derived by other methods, but the ‘copolymer extrapolation technique’ seems to fail for this system at humidities <50%. Typical samples of cellulose triacetate are only 70–90% accessible to water vapour.
The separation of uranium from other metals in sulphate solution by fractional hydrolysis. I. Hydrolysis in sulphate solution
Authors: Arden T. V. , Harbutt J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe reactions of UO with alkali in sulphate solutions have been studied in detail, and those of Fe2+, Al3+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Fe2+, Ni2−, Co2+, Mn2+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ more briefly. Precipitation pH curves of all these metals have been prepared, and have been used to develop a process for the separation of UO and Cu2+ from the other metals studied.
The separation of uranium from other metals in sulphate solution by fractional hydrolysis. II. Precipitation in the presence of phosphate, arsenate and silicate
Authors: Arden T. V. , Humphries R. , Lewis J. A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe effect of the presence of phosphate, arsenate and silicate on the hydrolysis of uranium and other metal salts in sulphate solution has been studied by pH measurement during titrations with sodium hydroxide solutions. The results have been used to develop methods for the separation of uranium from the other metals studied.
Double‐bond formation in paraffinic hydrocarbons on exposure to ionizing radiation
Authors: Black R. M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe changes in the amounts of unsaturation induced by pile irradiation of a range of paraffinie hydrocarbons have been studied by infra‐red absorption measurements and by measurement of the iodine number.The changes in the various types of unsaturation, trans‐vinyl, vinylene and vinylidene are compared for n‐decane, petroleum jelly, and polyethylene and discrepancies between the two methods discussed.
The tensile properties of some plastics at low temperatures
Authors: Dyment J. , Ziebland H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTensile tests have been carried out on polytetrafluoroethylene, polycaprolactam, polyvinyl chloride and polytrifluoromonochloroethylene at four temperature levels ranging from +20° to −196°C.The tensile strength of polytetrafluoroethylene increased from 1·44 × 103 lb./sq. in. at room temperature to 13·8 × 1033 lb./sq. in. at −196°c while the tensile strengths of polycaprolactam, polyvinyl chloride and polytetrafluoroethylene correspondingly increased from 9·5 × 103, 7·7 × 103 and 6·3 × 103 lb./sq. in. to 27·9 × 103, 19·7 × 103 and 16·2 × 103 lb./sq. in. respectively. The moduli of elasticity were similarly increased.
Viscosity‐molecular weight relationships for cellulose acetate
Authors: Moore W. R. , Tidswell B. M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSix fractions have been obtained from a technical cellulose acetate and their molecular weights determined osmotically. Viscosity data are presented for the fractions in acetone, methyl acetate, acetic acid, aniline and pyridine at 25° and values of K and a in the expression [n] = KMa are given. Although logarithmic plots of [n] against M are fairly well represented by straight lines, some scatter is observed and a possible tendency to downward curvature at higher molecular weights. Reasons for scatter and curvature are discussed and it is suggested that a linear relationship between [n] and M may apply at lower molecular weights, the chains being considerably extended. At higher molecular weights some coiling of chains is possible. There seems to be no clearly defined relationship between the values of K and a and the solvent power of the solvent. Values of a for basic solvents are in agreement with predictions based on the ability of such solvents to break‐intramolecular polymer bonds but those for acidic solvents are not.
The determination of the specific surface of different modifications of silica: Comparison of results by different methods
Authors: Cartwright J. , Wheatley K. , Sing K. S. W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe methods of gas adsorption, air permeability and microscopy have been used to determine values of the specific surface of samples of different modifications of silica and of glass spheres that lie in the size range 1–12 μ. Quartz, cristobalite, tridymite and fused silica were studied both before and after etching with hydrofluoric acid.An empirical relationship has been established between the volume/surface diameter (Dvs) obtained from microscope measurements, and the specific surface by gas adsorption, and has been shown to apply to all samples except unetched quartz, for a given size of which the specific surface by gas adsorption is about twice that of the other samples.Below 6 μ. the air‐permeability method gives lower results than does microscopy or gas adsorption.
The cross‐linking action of formaldehyde on the proteins of the groundnut: A physico‐chemical investigation
Authors: Kinnear A. M. G. , Naismith W. E. F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe cross‐linking action of formaldehyde on the arachin and conarachin‐II fractions of groundnut protein in the pH range 6–11 has been studied by means of the ultracentrifuge. When suitable steric conditions obtain, cross‐linking of conarachin II takes place with the formation of dimers, trimers and tetramers of the parent molecule, the optimum effect being obtained at pH 8. In the case of arachin, evidence for the formation of formaldehyde cross‐linkages is found in the effect of the formaldehyde treatment on the dissociation and denaturation reactions of the protein. The nature of the functional groups responsible for the formation of formaldehyde cross‐linkages is discussed.
The reactions of highly fluorinated organic compounds. X. The oxidation of fluoro‐olefins by potassium permanganate in acetone
Authors: Burdon J. , Tatlow J. C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPotassium permanganate in acetone is shown to be a useful reagent for the oxidation of perfluoro‐and chlorofluoro‐olefins to the corresponding carboxylic acids.
Silicon nitrides: Some physico‐chemical properties
Authors: Turkdogan E. T. , Bills Patricia M. , Tippett Valerie A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSilicon nitride has been prepared by heating pure silicon in purified nitrogen at 1450°. X‐ray studies showed the presence of two nitrides, and a method was therefore devised to separate them. Although these nitrides differ in their crystal structure, they have the same compositions, corresponding to Si3N4. A few chemical tests were performed on finely divided silicon nitride prepared at or above 145°. Several alloys containing various proportions of silicon were nitrided under different conditions, and the X‐ray diffraction patterns of the nitrides extracted from these alloys were found to be in complete agreement with that of α‐Si3N4. The diffraction lines obtained from the nitrided alloy prior to any chemical treatment gave nitride lines which did not correspond to those of the α‐Si3N4 or β‐Si3N4.
The measurement of intensity of odour
Authors: Prince R. G. H. , Ince J. H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAn instrument for the estimation of intensity of odour is described. The dilution required to make the odour just detectable in a mixture with odour‐free air is taken as a measure of the intensity, and the instrument is essentially a mechanical device for making the requisite dilution conveniently.Different persons show markedly different sensitivities to a given odour, and these differences vary widely with different odours. These differences in sensitivity cannot then be estimated from the results obtained with a particular ‘reference’ odour, but must be established from long‐term averages for the material concerned.Day‐to‐day variations in personal sensitivity, and other errors, were small compared with the residual error. Different persons exhibited widely different degrees of reliability in their results, and hence careful selection and training of those using these instruments is important.
The laboratory preparation of lithium deuteride and lithium aluminium deuteride
Authors: Holding A. F. le C. , Ross W. A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractLithium deuteride has been prepared by the direct combination of lithium and deuterium at 700°, the deuterium having been obtained from the oxide by the use of magnesium. The isotopic and chemical purity of the product have been determined. Lithium aluminium deuteride has been prepared from lithium deuteride and aluminium bromide.
An effect of sound on heterogeneous catalysis
Authors: Wiener H. B. , Young P. W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn a stationary sound wave over a St. Clair generator emitting about 0·05 w/cm.2 at 13·5 kc/s, the decomposition rate of formic acid on a heated nickel filament increased by about 50%, that of ammonia by about 15%, while ethylene hydrogenation was unaffected. The increased rate ran parallel with increased heat‐transfer from the wire when sound intensity or the position of the filament in the sound field was varied; it is attributed to increased mass‐transfer. Both formic acid and ammonia results are consistent with zero order in reactant and inhibition by‐products.
The ternary system benzene‐cyclohexane‐ethyl methyl ketone
Authors: Donald M. B. , Ridgway K. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractVarious physical properties and solid‐ and vapour‐liquid equilibria have been determined as functions of the composition for this ternary system. A ternary eutectic occurred at 26 molar‐% benzene, 61 molar‐% ethyl methyl ketone and 13 molar‐% cyclohexane at −97°. There was no ternary azeotrope, the mixture with lowest boiling‐point being the cyclohexane‐ethyl methyl ketone binary azeotrope at 52.3 molar‐% cyclohexane and 71.5°/760 mm. pressure. Variations in the properties with composition are discussed in the light of the intermolecular forces and the ease of packing of the three types of molecule. The vapour‐liquid equilibrium data confirm the feasibility of the process for the separation of benzene and cyclohexane, by azeotropic distillation using ethyl methyl ketone as entrainer.
The behaviour of katharometers for gas chromato‐graphy in carrier gases of low thermal conductivity
Authors: Bohemen J. , Purnell J. H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe performance of hot‐wire thermal conductivity cells has been studied, particular attention being paid to the phenomena of partial and complete reversal of chromatographic peaks. Forced convection has been found to be an important factor in katharometer operation in nitrogen and the behaviour of the device can be explained if heat capacity, as well as thermal conductivity, changes are taken into account.
Incomplete equilibrium in dilute solutions of a cationic soap by the foam density method
Authors: Nash T. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractUsing β‐naphthol as a ‘marker’ it is shown that dilute aqueous cetyltrimethylammonium bromide solution can exist in different states which take 16 hours to equilibrate at 25°. The technique depends on the accurate measurement of foam weight: it can be used to measure the critical micelle concentration.
The autoxidation of methyl elaeostearate
Authors: Faulkner R. N. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe autoxidation of the methyl ester of α‐elaeostearic acid (the main constituent acid of tung oil) at 37° under ultra‐violet light has been examined. In the main experiment the product obtained after absorption of 0.6 mole of oxygen per mole of ester has been fractionated by molecular distillation, low‐temperature crystallization and solvent extraction. The fractions have been characterized by chemical and physical analysis.
Syntheses of metal‐complexing polymers. II. Phosphonamide and α‐aminophosphonate polymers
Authors: Kennedy J. , Ficken G. E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA series of α‐aminophosphonate resins containing the amphoteric complexing unit ‐NR‐CR‐P(O)(OH)2 have been synthesized by various routes and shown to have adsorption capacities of the order of 1 to 2.5 mequiv./g. of dry resin (sodium form) for cupric ions. Failure of diallyl phosphonamides and diallyl α‐aminoalkylphosphonate esters to give solid polymers with conventional catalysts, is noted.
The Røcle of hydrogen in the high‐temperature corrosion of zirconium and its alloys. I. The effect of cathodic polarization on corrosion in water at 325°
Authors: Wanklyn J. N. , Hopkinson B. E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBinary zirconium alloys and Zircaloy 2 have been corroded in water at 325°c with and without cathodic polarization. In some cases polarization can increase hydrogen uptake or reduce the protective character of the oxide films as assessed by capacity measurements. Alloying elements significantly influence both effects, but comparison of the alloys shows no systematic relation between their hydrogen uptakes and the loss of protective character of their films.Films formed in a previous period of unpolarized corrosion are damaged when polarized at 325° and at room temperature.Possible explanations of the effects of hydrogen and of alloying elements are suggested.
A new procedure for rapid determination of nitrate and a study of the preparation of the phenol‐sulphonic acid reagent
Authors: Middleton K. R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA rapid procedure for the determination of nitrate in dilute aqueous solution is described and the chelated structure of the nitrophenolsulphonic acid formed in the reaction is discussed. Reproducible results are obtained when nitrate solution is added to the phenolsulphonic acid reagent but not if the order of addition is reversed.A critical examination of the different methods used by various workers in preparing the phenolsulphonic acid reagent has been made. It is concluded that fuming sulphuric acid may safely be omitted, that considerable latitude is permissible in the proportion of sulphuric acid to phenol, and that heating for more than two hours is not significant.Phenoldisulphonic acid may therefore be conveniently replaced by p‐phenolsulphonic acid which is easier to prepare; the latter reagent is sensitive to 2.5 p.p.m. of nitrate‐nitrogen in solution.
Some factors affecting the activity of sintered iron catalysts for the fischer‐tropsch synthesis
Authors: Dorling T. A. , Gall D. , Hall C. C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe activity of catalysts prepared by sintering alkali‐impregnated mill scale increases with reduction in mean particle size over the range 10–50 B.S. sieve sizes. It is also increased by lowering the temperature of reduction in hydrogen from 450° (the temperature normally used for activating fused iron catalysts) to 350° or 300°, and by prolonged extraction with water, either before or after reduction. The effect of extraction is enhanced by reduction in particle size; the effects of lowering the reduction temperature and of extraction with water are approximately additive. The beneficial effect of extraction with water is believed to be due to the removal of alkali‐metal salts of impurity elements in the mill scale and to the decomposition of alkali‐metal ferrites formed during the sintering process. In a fixed‐bed synthesis test using an extracted mill‐scale catalyst, a gas conversion of 70% was maintained for 66 days at a gas space velocity of 540 h.−1, 30 atm. pressure and a constant temperature of 230.The empirical equation described by R. B. Anderson et al. for expressing the activity of iron catalysts has been found to be applicable to mill‐scale catalysts over a wide range of experimental conditions, provided that the value for E (the apparent over‐all energy of activation) appropriate to the H2/CO ratio of the feed gas is employed.
Studies on glyceryl esters II.The use of urea inclusion compounds for the fractionation of technical monoglycerides
Authors: Aylward F. , Wood P. D. S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractUsing a technical glyceryl ‘monostearate’ containing a mixture of esters, it has been shown that under certain experimental conditions diglycerides form adducts with urea more readily than do monoglycerides.
System amyl alcohol (from fusel oil)‐acetic acid‐water at 20°
Authors: Piha P. , Peltonen R. J. , Kitunen M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMutual solubility and tie‐line data are presented for the ternary system amyl alcohol (from fusel oil, containing mostly the isoamyl alcohol)‐acetic acid‐water at 20°. Possibilities for the use of amyl alcohol in the extraction of acetic acid from aqueous solutions, with subsequent esterification‐distillation, are outlined.
Liquid‐liquid extraction: Efficiency of a perforated‐plate pulsed column
Authors: Choffé B. , Gladel Y. L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBy the application of a pulse to a perforated‐plate, liquid‐liquid counter‐current extraction column, increased efficiency of extraction is obtained. A study is made of various factors (rates of liquid flow, pulse amplitude and frequeny) on the efficiency of extraction.
The effect of dust particles on the electrical resistance and anti‐corrosive properties of varnish and paint films
Authors: Graff‐Baker C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMeasurements of the electrical resistance of varnish and paint films indicated that discontinuities were frequently present. The discontinuities arose from the inclusion of dust particles and allowed corrosion of the steel beneath them to be initiated. Varnish films that were prepared with precautions to exclude dust gave exceptionally good protection to steel under immersed conditions and were of much higher electrical resistance than films prepared without these precautions.
The microstructures of fusion‐cast mixtures of ce and TNT: The absence of molecular compounds therein
Authors: Williamson W. O. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFusion‐cast mixtures of CE and TNT were examined by microscopical and X‐ray methods. They contained no molecular compounds although the occurrence of supercooled, highly viscous melts suggested molecular association. It is not denied that the compound CE.4TNT postulated by Howson et al, may become stable enough to crystallize under appropriate conditions.The crystallized mixtures showed anomalous micro‐structures, e.g., the presence of intergrowths of CE and TNT in which the CE was much in excess of the eutectic ratio. The anomalies are ascribed to supercooling and reference is made to analogous occurrences in the system betol‐salol and in metallic alloys.Oriented crystals were related to cooling surfaces or to the mechanical influence of stirring.
The sulphation reaction between aqueous sulphuric acid and α‐olefins
Authors: Butcher K. L. , Nickson G. M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe initially heterogeneous reactions between 75 to 85% w/w aqueous H2SO4 and hexene‐1, heptene‐1, octene‐1, and decene‐1, have been investigated as a necessary preliminary to the estimation of the heat associated with the production of the monoalkyl sulphates. The effects of different proportions of acid and olefin, the aqueous concentration of the acid, the temperature and the speed of stirring, were examined.At room temperatures, the reaction products isolated with a high ratio of 80% w/w acid to olefin, were substantially the secondary monoalkyl sulphates and their corresponding alcohols. Under these conditions the formation of the dialkyl sulphates and polymers was avoided.It was found possible to represent approximately the results in terms of a two‐stage consecutive reaction. RCH : CH2 → RCH(O·SO3H)‐CH3 → RCH(OH2+)·CH3The reactions were shown in each case to be of the second order depending upon some function of the concentration of the aqueous H2SO4. The observed kinetics were shown to be in agreement with the formation of a carbonium‐ion intermediate.