bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the association between Frailty Index and low back pain in middle-aged and older Chinese adults: a cross-sectional analysis of data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS)
Authors: Qing Lunxue , Zhu Yingying , Feng Lan , Wang Xiyou , Sun Ya-Nan , Yu Changhe , Ni Jinxia 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesThis study explored the association between the Frailty Index (FI) and low back pain (LBP) in middle-aged and older Chinese adults. We hypothesised that a higher FI correlates with increased LBP prevalence.DesignCross-sectional analysis.SettingThe study used data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) across various regions of China.ParticipantsThe analysis included 6375 participants aged 45 and above with complete LBP and FI data from the CHARLS for 2011, 2013 and 2015. We excluded individuals under 45, those with incomplete LBP data, participants with fewer than 30 health deficit items and those missing covariate data.Outcome measuresWe constructed an FI consisting of 35 health deficits. Logistic multivariable regression examined the relationship between FI and LBP, using threshold analysis to identify inflection points. Sensitivity analyses were performed to ensure the robustness of the findings.ResultsOf the participants, 27.2% reported LBP. A U-shaped association was observed between FI and LBP, with the highest quartile (Q4, FI ≥0.23) showing more than a twofold increased risk of LBP (OR=2.90, 95% CI: 2.45–3.42, p<0.001). Stratified analysis showed a significant association in participants under 60, particularly in the lowest FI quartile (OR=1.43, 95% CI: 1.14 to 1.79). Sensitivity analysis upheld the robustness of the primary results.ConclusionsThe findings suggest a complex relationship between frailty and LBP, highlighting the need for early screening and tailored interventions to manage LBP in this demographic. Further research is necessary to understand the mechanisms of this association and to validate the findings through longitudinal studies.
Transit cosmological models in $$F(R,{\bar{T}})$$ gravity theory
Authors: Maurya Dinesh Chandra , Myrzakulov Ratbay 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the present paper, we investigate some exact cosmological models in $$F(R,{\bar{T}})$$

F
(
R
,

T

¯

)

gravity theory. We have considered the arbitrary function $$F(R, {\bar{T}})=R+\lambda {\bar{T}}$$

F
(
R
,

T

¯

)
=
R
+
λ

T

¯

where $$\lambda $$
λ
is an arbitrary constant, $$R, {\bar{T}}$$

R
,

T

¯

are respectively, the Ricci-scalar curvature and the torsion. We have solved the field equations in a flat FLRW spacetime manifold for Hubble parameter and using the MCMC analysis, we have estimated the best fit values of model parameters with $$1-\sigma , 2-\sigma , 3-\sigma $$

1
-
σ
,
2
-
σ
,
3
-
σ

regions, for two observational datasets like H(z) and Pantheon SNe Ia datasets. Using these best fit values of model parameters, we have done the result analysis and discussion of the model. We have found a transit phase decelerating-accelerating universe model with transition redshifts $$z_{t}=0.4438_{-0.0790}^{+0.1008}, 0.3651_{-0.0904}^{+0.1644}$$

z
t

=
0
.

4438

-
0.0790

+
0.1008

,
0
.

3651

-
0.0904

+
0.1644

. The effective dark energy equation of state varies as $$-1\le \omega _{de}\le -0.5176$$

-
1
≤

ω

de

≤
-
0.5176

and the present age of the universe is found as $$t_{0}=13.8486_{-0.0640}^{+0.1005}, 12.0135_{-0.2743}^{+0.6206}$$

t
0

=
13
.

8486

-
0.0640

+
0.1005

,
12
.

0135

-
0.2743

+
0.6206

Gyrs, respectively for two datasets.
Charged scalar bosons in a Bonnor–Melvin-$$\varLambda $$ universe at conical approximation
Authors: Castro Luis B. , Obispo Angel E. , Jirón Andrés G. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe quantum dynamics of charged scalar bosons in a Bonnor–Melvin-$$\varLambda $$
Λ
universe is considered. In this study, the behavior of charged scalar bosons is explored within the framework of the Duffin–Kemmer–Petiau (DKP) formalism. Adopting a conical approximation $$(\varLambda \ll 1),$$

(
Λ
≪
1
)
,

we are considered two scenarios for the vector potential: a linear and quadratic vector potentials. In particular, the effects of this background in the equation of motion, phase shift, S-matrix, energy spectrum and DKP spinor are analyzed and discussed.
Association Between Changes in Smoking Habits and Incident Fracture After Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Lee Jeen Hwa , Han Kyung‐Do , Cheon Dae Young , Lee Minwoo 
Published: May 2024

Background
Survivors of stroke, particularly the older population, are at an increased risk of falls and incident fractures. Smoking is a widely recognized risk factor for fractures. However, the association between changes in smoking habits before and after an index stroke and increased risk of fracture remains unelucidated.

Methods and Results
Using the Korean National Health Insurance program, patients with ischemic stroke between 2010 and 2016 were enrolled. Individuals were classified by smoking habits: “never smoker,” “former smoker,” “smoking quitter,” “new smoker,” and “sustained smoker.” The primary outcome was the composite outcome of the vertebral, hip, and any fractures. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was conducted, using the never‐smoker group as the reference. Among 177 787 patients with health screening data within 2 years before and after ischemic stroke, 14 991 (8.43%) patients had any fractures. After multivariable adjustment, the sustained smokers had a significantly increased risk of composite primary outcomes of any, vertebral, and hip fractures (adjusted HR [aHR], 1.222 [95% CI, 1.124–1.329]; aHR, 1.27 [95% CI, 1.13–1.428]; aHR, 1.502 [95% CI, 1.218–1.853], respectively). Additionally, the new smoker group exhibited a similar or higher risk of any fractures and hip fractures (aHR, 1.218 [95% CI, 1.062–1.397]; aHR, 1.772 [95% CI, 1.291–2.431], respectively).

Conclusions
Sustained smokers had a significantly increased risk of vertebral and hip fractures after an ischemic stroke. The risk of any hip fractures was higher in new smokers after ischemic stroke. As poststroke fractures are detrimental to the rehabilitation process of patients with stroke, physicians should actively advise patients to stop smoking.
The Language of the Doxologies in Daniel
Authors: Oparah Thaddeus Nduka 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This article provides a close analysis of the language of the doxologies in the book of Daniel. Three types of observations raise the question whether the Danielic doxologies might be redactional: 1) the language of the doxologies differs from the language of the stories in Dan 2–6; 2) the doxologies exhibit some formulaic expressions that also occur in other texts (Ps 145, 11QSefer ha-Milhamah, 4QApocryphon of Daniel AR, and 4QSongs of the Sageb); 3) the doxologies express the notion that God’s sovereignty surpasses that of human kings, which underscores the theological conviction found in Dan 2–6 and Dan 7 and forms a literary link between them; but only some of them thereby also express that God’s sovereignty is eternal. Based on such observations, this article attempts to reconstruct some of the redactional activities in Dan 2–6 and argues that the doxologies were added (and expanded) at different stages in the growth of Daniel.
Critical Analysis of United States Counternarcotics Strategies in Afghanistan
Authors: Besmel Parwez , Baah Nana Kwame 
Published: May 2024

Between 2002 and 2018, the United States allocated $8.87 billion to counternarcotics efforts in Afghanistan, focusing on eradication, seizure, and alternative crops. Despite significant investments, Afghanistan emerged as the primary global opium supplier, responsible for 80% of opium production. Available data from 2001 to 2020 show that successful eradication and interdiction measures led to the destruction of 85,411 hectares of poppy fields and seizures of 679.05 tons of opium, yet cultivation reached 3,238,000 hectares and production reached 105,585 tons during the same period. The promotion of alternative crop projects inadvertently facilitated opium cultivation in some areas, as foreign aid empowered recipients to exploit resources contrary to their intended goals. Insecurity, weak governance, corruption, and the involvement of the elite are some of the factors for increased opium cultivation in Afghanistan. We argue that methods of foreign aid delivery, coupled with these four factors, rendered the whole enterprise of counternarcotics efforts ineffective.
Enhancing Instructor and Student Experiences: A Guide to Successful Capstone Research Courses
Authors: Strain Megan L. , Moen Katherine C. 
Published: May 2024

Introduction Providing a quality undergraduate research capstone is a meaningful high-impact practice to facilitate American Psychological Association learning goals, and help students learn skills critical for both graduate school and future careers. Statement of the Problem The demands of such courses are often time-consuming and stressful, especially for instructors without teaching assistants. The goal of the current manuscript is to provide guidance and resources for faculty teaching undergraduate research experience (UREs) courses. Literature Review Previous research suggests that faculty workload and burnout are recurring sources of stress, and faculty often struggle to implement UREs effectively. However, these experiences provide experiential learning, and increase student engagement and motivation. Teaching Implications In a three-credit course with strict deadlines and flexible scheduling, guiding student-led projects becomes less daunting. Required attendance, deduction-only participation points, and other policies ease grading loads while reinforcing course objectives. Conclusion Student feedback, performance, and positive instructor experiences suggest that this structure helps overcome logistical barriers and create positive outcomes. Course resources are provided in open materials.
Association Between Lifestyle Behaviors and Obesity Among Stroke Survivors
Authors: Yoo Jee-Hye , Kim TaeHee , Lee JuHee 
Published: May 2024

Aim: The aim was to investigate factors influencing obesity among stroke survivors based on demographics and lifestyle behaviors. Background: Stroke survivors are more likely to experience stroke recurrence within a few years. As obesity is a traditional risk factor for stroke, obesity should be managed in stroke survivors to prevent stroke recurrence. Methods: A cross-sectional secondary data analysis analyzed data from the 2017 United States Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey. Demographics, frequency of vegetable and fruit intake, smoking, alcohol use, physical activity, and sleep were examined. Results: Among 1032 stroke survivors, 57.8% were obese. Advanced age, female sex, veteran status, at least once-daily fruit intake, current smoking, and lack of physical activity were associated with obesity. Conclusion: Stroke survivors should be encouraged to pursue healthy behaviors to manage obesity. Appropriate transitional care, including diet education and tailored exercise, can be an effective strategy.
Changes in processing speed during early abstinence from alcohol dependence
Authors: Powell Anna , Sumnall Harry , Kullu Cecil , Owens Lynn , Montgomery Catharine 
Published: May 2024

Background: Processing speed is a task-independent construct underpinning more complex goal-related abilities. Processing speed is impaired in alcohol dependence (AD) and is linked to relapse, as are the functions it underpins. Reliable measurement of processing speed may allow tracking of AD recovery trajectories and identify patients requiring additional support. Aims: To assess changes in reaction time (RT) from baseline (at the start of a detoxification programme) across early abstinence. Methods: Vibrotactile RT was assessed in early recovery between days 3 and 7 of treatment in 66 individuals with AD (25 females; aged 19–74, 44.60 ± 10.60 years) and against 35 controls tested on one occasion (19 females; 41.00 ± 13.60), using two multivariate multiple regressions. A mixed multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) of available AD data ( n = 45) assessed change in RT between timepoints and between treatment settings (outpatient vs inpatient). Results: The group (AD vs control) significantly predicted choice RT at baseline and follow-up but did not significantly predict simple RT or RT variability, which is inconsistent with previous findings. At follow-up, mental fatigue was also predicted by the group, and MANCOVA indicated that this had worsened in inpatients but improved in outpatients. Conclusions: Recovery of RT measures so early in the treatment journey was not in line with previous research which indicates persisting deficits. The interaction between setting and timepoint indicates that despite being typically less medically complex, outpatients require ongoing support and monitoring during their recovery.
Neonatal Endotracheal Intubation: Comparison of Existing Formulae for Accuracy
Authors: Swaminathan Sreelakshmi , Malavika K. , Gutjahr Georg , Varughese Pearl Mary , Bendapudi Perraju 
Published: May 2024

Background There are several formulae proposed to calculate the ideal depth of insertion of the endotracheal tube (ETT) in neonates, none of which are universally accurate. Our objective is to identify the most accurate of these formulae and to determine the most suitable formula for babies weighing less than 1 kg. Methods This is a retro-prospective observational study conducted in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit. All intubated babies, irrespective of their gestational age, were included in this study. Those with congenital airway anomalies or syndromes with involvement of the upper airway and those who required short-term ventilation restricted to the theatre complex were excluded. The ideal insertion depth was determined via a chest X-ray (CXR) with the ETT projecting between thoracic vertebrae 2 and 3. Predictions from eight formulae investigated in the Indian population were analysed using paired Wilcoxon tests and Bland–Altman plots. Results The sample size was 83, of which 16 weighed less than 1 kg. Neither weight-based nor naso-tragal length (NTL)-based formulae were universally accurate in the prediction of the ideal depth of insertion, and using either of the formulae resulted in a high rate of malpositioning. Amongst the NTL-based formulae, Tatwavedi and Singh’s adjustments worked better than the original. Conclusion The currently available formulae remain inaccurate in the prediction of the ideal length of insertion of ETT, more so in babies less than 1 kg in our study population.
Musculoskeletal Disorders and Psychosocial Stress at Work: A Comprehensive Study on Indian Nurses
Authors: Chowdhury Upasana , Das Tamal , Mazumder Sahana , Gangopadhyay Somnath 
Published: May 2024

Background Nurses’ physical and mental well-being is crucial for prompt patient-care service. While research has been conducted on the specific causes of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and occupational stress among Indian nurses, a comprehensive picture considering all these variables is still lacking. This study investigated MSD prevalence and psychosocial stress levels among female nurses in West Bengal, India, and the connections between these factors and MSDs. Methods The study was performed in nine different hospitals and nursing homes in West Bengal, India. The modified Nordic questionnaire and Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ) were used. The body height, body weight, BMI, pulse rate and blood pressure of the subjects were measured using an anthropometer, a weighing machine and a digital blood pressure monitor, respectively. Results 80.9% of subjects reported that they had discomfort in the past 12 months, with the highest percentage (52.1%) of complaints of low-back pain. From COPSOQ, concerning mean values were found in the demand scales and general health. The presence of different discomforts was found to be significantly related to various scales of COPSOQ. Conclusion Increased cognitive, quantitative and sensorial demands were found to be major contributors to the high prevalence of MSDs among nurses in this study. As the well-being of nurses is pivotal for maintaining well-ordered health systems, regular follow-ups on their physical and psychological health are necessary.
The Impact of Digital Economy on Employment in Countries Along the Belt and Road
Authors: Liu Qian , Li Jing , Kang Ning 
Published: May 2024

The digital economy is emerging as a pivotal driver for fostering the high-quality development of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). It also has noticeable impacts on employment. This study utilized panel data from countries along the Belt and Road from 2010 to 2021 to investigate this nexus. First, an evaluation index system was established to assess the digital economy’s development level. Subsequently, the entropy method was employed to measure the development level of the digital economy among countries along the Belt and Road. Then, it empirically examined the impact of the development of the digital economy on employment in countries along the Belt and Road. The study revealed that the overall impact of digital economy development on employment rate promotion was significant; however, disparities exist among different income groups of countries. In light of this, to enhance the employment situation in countries along the Belt and Road and facilitate the digital economy’s contribution to its development, this article proposes three suggestions: (a) Directing investment for digital economy development; (b) enhancing the development of digital talents; (c) advancing digital innovation and cooperation. JEL Classification F062.4
Continuation or maintenance ECT for schizophrenia: A narrative review of case report data
Authors: Egan Olivia , Talbot Daniel , Mayur Prashanth , Harris Anthony 
Published: May 2024

Objective This review aimed to address the limited evidence on the efficacy of continuation or maintenance electroconvulsive therapy (C/M-ECT) in schizophrenia, with a focus on international case reports and series due to the scarcity of randomised controlled trials. Materials and Methods Electronic database searches were conducted to identify case reports or series evaluating the efficacy of C/M-ECT in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Results C/M-ECT treatment span varied from 3 months to 36 years ( Median = 30 months; M = 43.9 months; SD = 63.0) and was effective in maintaining remission for most patients with schizophrenia in combination with antipsychotic medication. Reporting of adverse events including cognitive adverse effects was infrequent. Conclusions Collation of case reports and series data indicated that C/M-ECT, when combined with antipsychotics, appears to be a safe and effective strategy for maintaining remission, even over several years. Caution is warranted due to the potential influence of publication bias.
Disparities in Palliative Care Use for Patients With Blood Cancer Who Died in the Hospital
Authors: Hsieh Tien-Chan , Yeo Yee Hui , Zou Guangchen , Zhou Chan , Ash Arlene 
Published: May 2024

Background: Palliative care can enhance quality of life during a terminal hospitalization. Despite advances in diagnostic and treatment tools, blood cancers lag behind solid malignancies in palliative use. It is not clear what factors affect palliative care use in blood cancer. Methods: We used the 2016 to 2019 National Inpatient Sample to identify demographic and socioeconomic factors associated with receiving palliative care among patients over age 18 with any malignant hematological diagnosis during a terminal hospitalization lasting at least 3 days, excluding those receiving a stem cell transplant. Results: Palliative care use was documented 54% of the time among 49,720 weighted cases (9944 distinct individual hospitalizations), approximately evenly distributed across the years 2016-2019. Palliative care use was lowest in 2016 (51%) and highest in 2018 (58%), and increased with age, reaching 58% for those 80 years and older. Men and women were similarly likely to receive care. Patients of Hispanic ethnicity and African Americans received less palliative care (47% and 49%, respectively), as did those insured by Medicaid (48%), and those admitted to small or rural hospitals (52% and 47%, respectively). Charges for hospitalizations with palliative care were 19% lower than for those without it. Conclusions: This study highlights disparities in palliative care use among blood-cancer patients who died in the hospital. It seems likely that many of the 46% who did not receive palliative care could have benefitted from it. Interventions are likely needed to achieve equitable access to ideal levels of palliative care services in late-stage blood cancer.
A 5-week Digital Intervention to Reduce Attention Problems in Children With ADHD: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kirk Hannah Elizabeth , Richmond Sally , Gaunson Tori , Bennett Meg , Herschtal Alan , Bellgrove Mark , Cornish Kim 
Published: May 2024

Objective: Growing evidence suggests digital interventions may provide neurocognitive benefits for children with ADHD. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of a digital attention intervention in children with ADHD. Method: In this double-blind randomized controlled trial 55 children with ADHD (5–9 years) were allocated to the intervention ( N = 28) or control program ( N = 27). Both programs were delivered via touchscreen tablets at home 5 days a week for 5 weeks. The primary outcome was change in the Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA) Attention Comparison Score (ACS) from pre- to post-intervention. Results: Participants who received the intervention had significantly greater improvements in the TOVA ACS from pre- to post-intervention than those in the control ( p < .044). No intervention effects were observed on secondary outcomes assessing executive functioning, ADHD symptoms, or functional impairment. Conclusion: Collectively these findings provide insufficient evidence for the implementation of digital attention interventions for children with ADHD.
Cost and non-cost factors associated with delays in receiving medical care in adults with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
Authors: Mszar Reed , Hagan Kobina , Lahan Shubham , Parekh Tarang 
Published: May 2024

Background: The study aims to compare cost and non-cost factors associated with delays in receiving medical care in adults with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Methods: Using 2014–2018 data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Behaviour Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey ( N = 508,203), multivariate logistic regression models were developed to compute the adjusted odds ratio of reasons for delays in medical care in adults with ASCVD. Results: Our study population of 61,227 adults with ASCVD (9.1%) had higher odds of any medical care delay (aOR 1.50, 95% CI 1.43–1.57), delay due to cost (aOR 1.55, 95% CI 1.45–1.65), long clinic wait times (aOR 1.21, 95% CI 1.04–1.39) and lack of transportation (aOR 1.64, 95% CI 1.47–1.84) than those without ASCVD. Conclusion: Novel public health and health policy approaches are urgently needed to reduce the cost- and non-cost-related barriers that adults with ASCVD encounter when accessing healthcare services.