bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How do Himalayan areas respond to global warming?
Authors: Diodato Nazzareno , Bellocchi Gianni , Tartari Gianni 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe study the interdecadal‐scale variability over the Himalayas/Tibetan Plateau (H/TP) to deepen the understanding of Earth's important ecosystem after the recent controversy about glaciers melting in the Himalayan Mountains. We present a new statistical reconstruction of annual temperature variability back to 1901 for the Pyramid Automated Weather Station of the Ev‐K2‐CNR Committee, located at the base of the Mount Everest. Our reconstruction using recorded weather station data compared with the Climate Research Unit temperature pattern data indicate that in recent decades the warming trend over the H/TP has been faster than during any equivalent period in the last century. Positive temperature anomalies (mostly observed after 1970) were found to be correlated with the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and the Pacifical Decadal Oscillation indices, but unevenly correlated with the Northern Hemisphere (NH) land‐surface temperature. Such decoupled response between H/TP and NH suggests the mechanisms of global warming are only marginally influencing the H/TP climate. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
The Pivotal Role of the lymphovascular system in cancer metastasis: Future perspectives
Authors: Leong Stanley P.L. , Witte Marlys 
Published: April 2011

AbstractNodal status is the most important predictor in patients with solid cancer. In general, sentinel lymph node is the gateway to regional nodal metastasis and beyond. Biomarkers and gene profiles are being developed to stage and subgroup cancer patients more accurately for more effective personalized therapy. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011;103:639–641. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Selective Imaging and Killing of Cancer Cells with Protein‐Activated Near‐Infrared Fluorescing Nanoparticles
Authors: Rungta Parul , Bandera Yuriy P. , Roeder Ryan D. , Li Yangchun , Baldwin William S. , Sharma Deepti , Sehorn Michael G. , Luzinov Igor , Foulger Stephen H. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe present a general approach for the selective imaging and killing of cancer cells using protein‐activated near‐infrared emitting and cytotoxic oxygen generating nanoparticles. Poly(propargyl acrylate) (PA) particles were surface modified through the copper‐catalyzed azide/alkyne cycloaddition of azide‐terminated indocyanine green (azICG), a near‐infrared emitter, and poly(ethylene glycol) (azPEG) chains of various molecular weights. The placement of azICG onto the surface of the particles allowed for the chromophores to complex with bovine serum albumin when dispersed in PBS that resulted in an enhancement of the dye emission. In addition, the inclusion of azPEG with the chromophores onto the particle surface resulted in a synergistic ninefold enhancement of the fluorescence intensity, with azPEGs of increasing molecular weight amplifying the response. Human liver carcinoma cells (HepG2) overexpress albumin proteins and could be employed to activate the fluorescence of the nanoparticles. Preliminary PDT studies with HepG2 cells combined with the modified particles indicated that a minor exposure of 780 nm radiation resulted in a statistically significant reduction in cell growth. magnified image
OCT4 spliced variant OCT4B1 is expressed in human colorectal cancer
Authors: Gazouli Maria , Roubelakis Maria G. , Theodoropoulos George E. , Papailiou Joanna , Vaiopoulou Anna , Pappa Kalliopi I. , Nikiteas Nikolaos , Anagnou Nicholas P. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractOCT4, a POU‐domain transcription factor is considered to be a key factor in maintaining the pluripotency of stem cells. Several OCT4 isoforms are differentially expressed in human pluripotent and non‐pluripotent cells. Reactivation of OCT4 expression is postulated to occur in differentiated cells that have undergone tumorigenesis. To examine OCT4 expression in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues, and to assess the efficacy of OCT4 as a potential biomarker for CRC, in this study, we investigated its expression in CRC tissues, evaluated its relationship to various clinicopathological parameters and defined the isoform of OCT4 that was found to be expressed in CRC cases. Primary tumor tissues and matching adjacent non‐cancerous tissues were obtained from 84 CRC patients. OCT4 expression and isoform determination were documented by reverse transcription‐PCR and real‐time PCR. OCT4, Sox‐2, and NANOG localization were performed using immunohistochemistry. The isoforms expressed in the studied cases were confirmed by sequencing. Twenty biopsy specimens representing healthy tissues, retrieved from colonoscopy were studied in parallel as controls. OCT4 expression levels were higher in CRC tissues compared to matching, adjacent non‐cancerous tissues, and healthy controls. Additionally, the levels of OCT4 expression in CRC tissues correlated with tumor stage. OCT4 and Sox‐2 were localized in the nuclei and the cytoplasm of CRC cells. In all CRC cases, we found that the OCT4B1 isoform is expressed. Over‐expression of OCT4B1 was found in poorly and moderately differentiated CRC tissues. In conclusion, the data imply that OCT4B1 isoform may represent a potential biomarker for the initiation, progression, and differentiation of CRC. Mol. Carcinog. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Embedded interfaces by polytope FEM
Authors: Zamani Arash , Eslami M. Reza 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn this paper, the Polytope Finite Element Method is employed to model an embedded interface through the body, independent of the background FEM mesh. The elements that are crossed by the embedded interface are decomposed into new polytope elements which have some nodes on the interface line. The interface introduces discontinuity into the primary variable (strong) or into its derivatives (weak). Both strong and weak discontinuities are studied by the proposed method through different numerical examples including fracture problems with traction‐free and cohesive cracks, and heat conduction problems with Dirichlet and Dirichlet–Neumann types of boundary conditions on the embedded interface. For traction‐free cracks which have tip singularity, the nodes near the crack tip are enriched with the singular functions through the eXtended Finite Element Method.The concept of Natural Element Coordinates (NECs) is invoked to drive shape functions for the produced polytopes. A simple treatment is proposed for concave polytopes produced by a kinked interface and also for locating crack tip inside an element prior to using the singularity enrichment. The proposed method pursues some implementational details of eXtended/Generalized Finite Element Methods for interfaces. But here the additional DOFs are constructed on the interface lines in contrast to X/G‐FEM, which attach enriched DOFs to the previously existed nodes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Gas Impurities on the Operation of Dielectric Barrier Discharges Fed with He, Ar, and Ar‐C3F6
Authors: Fanelli Fiorenza , d'Agostino Riccardo , Fracassi Francesco 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe influence of N2, O2, air, and water vapor feed gas impurities on the operation of an atmospheric pressure parallel plate DBD fed with helium and argon was investigated. The addition of increasing amounts of these impurities, under fixed excitation frequency and applied voltage, is responsible above certain thresholds of two distinct phenomena, namely the transition from a homogeneous to a filamentary appearance of the discharge and the contraction of the discharge volume. Among the different contaminants N2 shows the highest threshold limit values, O2 and H2O the lowest ones, while air generally exhibits an intermediate behavior. The effect of feed gas impurities was also studied on the PE‐CVD of fluoropolymers from Ar‐C3F6 fed filamentary DBDs. Contaminants addition results in a decrease of the input power and of the deposition rate as well as in a change of the film morphology, however it does not influence significantly the chemical composition of the fluoropolymer film, the monomer depletion and the distribution of by‐products in the exhaust gas. magnified image
Chemotherapy sensitivity recovery of prostate cancer cells by functional inhibition and knock down of multidrug resistance proteins
Authors: Sánchez Catherine , Mercado Alejandro , Contreras Héctor R. , Mendoza Patricia , Cabezas Juan , Acevedo Cristian , Huidobro Christian , Castellón Enrique A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn several cancer types, expression of multidrug resistance (MDR) proteins has been associated with lack of chemotherapy response. In advanced prostate cancer (PCa) the use of chemotherapy is mainly palliative due to its high resistance. Previously, we described that MDR phenotype in PCa could be related with high basal and drug‐induced expression of MDR proteins P‐Glycoprotein (P‐Gp), MRP1, and LRP.METHODSUsing primary cell cultures from PCa patients, we evaluated the effect of function and expression inhibition of P‐Gp, MRP1, and LRP, on cell survival after chemotherapy exposure. Cells were treated with specific MDR protein substrates (docetaxel and mitoxantrone for P‐Gp, methotrexate for MRP1 and cisplatin for LRP) and pharmacological inhibitors (cyclosporine A, genistein and 3‐aminobenzamide), and cell survival was evaluated trough 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and cell cycle analysis. MRP1 activity was evaluated by FACS using the specific inhibitor MK571. Cells were transfected with MDR proteins siRNAs and treated with the corresponding substrates.RESULTSPCa cell resistance to MDR protein substrates was partially reversed, decreasing cell survival in around 20%, by treating primary cell cultures with specific pharmacological inhibitors. PCa cells transfected with siRNAs against MDR proteins decreased cell survival when treated with the corresponding drugs. Docetaxel was the most effective chemotherapeutic drug to induce cell death and decrease survival.CONCLUSIONLow chemotherapy response in PCa could be explained, in part, by over‐expression of functional MDR proteins. Expression and function of these proteins should be evaluated to enhance efficacy of docetaxel‐based therapies of patients with hormone‐resistant PCa. Prostate 71:1810–1817, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
EVENT‐BASED WATER QUALITY SAMPLING METHOD FOR APPLICATION IN REMOTE RIVERS
Authors: Mackay A. K. , Taylor M. P. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTThis paper describes the design and operation of a passive siphon sampler for the collection of event‐based water quality data from a remote dryland river. The materials used to construct the siphon sampler were modified to better adapt the design for the collection of non‐conservative water quality parameters and for use in high‐intensity flow conditions typical of Australia's dryland rivers. The performance of the siphon sampler was evaluated in a pilot study of water metals in the rising‐stage floodwaters of the upper Leichhardt River catchment, north‐west Queensland, Australia. Field blanks were used to quantify the extent of contamination of the collected waters by sampling media, atmosphere exposure or water intrusion during an event‐based collection period. The use of inert materials, such as high‐density polyethylene plastic, and careful cleaning with 10% nitric acid washes prior to use reduced environmental contamination of the collected sample. Below detectable levels of Pb and Zn and minor concentrations of Cu (1.8 and 1.3 μg L–1) were reported in rinsate and atmospheric blanks that were exposed in the field for less than 24 h. Atmospheric and flood blanks that remained in the field for greater than 2 weeks and remained in the siphon samplers throughout the duration of the flood events reported quantifiable concentrations of metals. For the case of the upper Leichhardt River catchment, the siphon sampler met the need of providing event‐based water collection data and offered a practical, low‐cost alternative to conventional event‐based sampling techniques. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Learners' epistemic criteria for good scientific models
Authors: Pluta William J. , Chinn Clark A. , Duncan Ravit Golan 
Published: April 2011

AbstractEpistemic criteria are the standards used to evaluate scientific products (e.g., models, evidence, arguments). In this study, we analyzed epistemic criteria for good models generated by 324 middle‐school students. After evaluating a range of scientific models, but before extensive instruction or experience with model‐based reasoning practices, students generated lists of criteria of good scientific models. Students' individual lists of criteria were compared to expert criteria, identified by philosophers of science, and with findings from previous research on students' understanding of modeling. The most commonly listed criteria referred to the clarity, pictorial form, and explanatory function of models. Almost a quarter of the students included criteria relating to model fit with evidence. Students' criteria provided insights into their understanding of the explanatory and descriptive goals of models; the constitutive, communicative, and epistemic features of models; and the role of evidence in supporting models. Collectively, students demonstrated familiarity with a wide range of modeling ideas that can be leveraged in instruction to promote deeper understandings of the modeling practice. We argue that inquiry‐based science instruction should include a strong emphasis on epistemic criteria. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Inc. J Res Sci Teach 48: 486–511, 2011
Minimally Invasive Surgery for Gastric Cancer: The Future Standard of Care
Authors: Koeda Keisuke , Nishizuka Satoshi , Wakabayashi Go 
Published: April 2011

AbstractLaparoscopy‐assisted distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer was first reported by Kitano et al. in 1991. Laparoscopic wedge resection (LWR) and intragastric mucosal resection (IGMR) were quickly adapted for gastric cancer limited to the mucosal layer and having no risk of lymph node metastasis. Following improvements in endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), the use of LWR and IGMR for these indications decreased, and patients with gastric cancer, including those with a risk of lymph node metastases, were more likely to be managed with laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) with lymph node dissection. Many retrospective comparative trials and randomized‐controlled trials (RCT) have confirmed that LG is safe and feasible, and that short‐term outcomes are better than those of open gastrectomy (OG) in patients with early gastric cancer (EGC). However, these trials did not include a satisfactory number of patients to establish clinical evidence. Thus, additional multicenter randomized‐controlled trials are needed to delineate significantly quantifiable differences between LG and OG. As laparoscopic experience has accumulated, the indications for LG have been broadened to include older and overweight patients and those with advanced gastric cancer. Moreover, advanced techniques, such as laparoscopy‐assisted total gastrectomy, laparoscopy‐assisted proximal gastrectomy, laparoscopy‐assisted pylorus‐preserving gastrectomy (PPG), and extended lymph node dissection (D2) have been widely performed.In the near future, sentinel node navigation and robotic surgery will become additional options in minimally invasive surgery (MIS) involving LG. Such developments will improve the quality of life of patients following gastric cancer surgery.
Effect of temperature on pupa development and sexual maturity of laboratory Anastrepha obliqua adults
Authors: Telles-Romero R. , Toledo J. , Hernández E. , Quintero-Fong J.L. , Cruz-López L. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe effect of four temperatures (18, 20, 25 and 30°C) on pupa development and sexual maturity of Anastrepha obliqua adults was investigated under laboratory conditions. The results showed that the duration of the pupal stage decreased with an increase in temperature (29, 25, 13 and 12 days, respectively), and maintaining the pupae at 18°C and 20°C results in a low percentage of pupation, pupa weight loss and lesser flying ability. However, it significantly favored sexual behavior, a higher proportion of sexual calls and matings. While enhanced pupa development was observed at a temperature of 30°C, adults had low sexual efficiency, as well as a lower proportion of calls and matings. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of male volatiles showed that the amount of (Z,E)-α-farnesene did not vary among males from pupae reared at different temperatures; however, less (E,E)-α-farnesene was emitted by males obtain from pupa reared at 30°C. Male flies kept at 30°C during their larval stage had more (Z)-3-nonenol and, also, an unknown compound was detected. The fecundity of the females was higher at low temperatures. Regarding fertility, no significant differences were found between temperatures. The optimal temperature on pupa development was 25°C when males displayed ideal attributes for rearing purposes.
The index complex of a maximal subalgebra of a Lie algebra
Authors: Towers David A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractLet M be a maximal subalgebra of the Lie algebra L. A subalgebra C of L is said to be a completion for M if C is not contained in M but every proper subalgebra of C that is an ideal of L is contained in M. The set I(M) of all completions of M is called the index complex of M in L. We use this concept to investigate the influence of the maximal subalgebras on the structure of a Lie algebra, in particular, finding new characterizations of solvable and supersolvable Lie algebras.
Forty years in Aotearoa New Zealand: white identity, home and later life in an adopted country
Authors: GEORGE MOLLY , FITZGERALD RUTH P. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTIn this article we recount some of the memories, hopes and strategies of 22 older migrants who are ageing in their adopted country of Aotearoa New Zealand. Having arrived as young adults in the 20 years after World War II, most of the immigrants have lived on ‘foreign’ soil for twice as long as their brief sojourns of childhood and early adulthood in their country of origin. Arriving from a variety of backgrounds in 12 different countries, they can all be considered ‘white’ immigrants in relation to New Zealand's indigenous Māori population and other non-European immigrant groups such as those from Pacific Island Nations or Asia. Their lives encompass the experience of globalisation and transnationalism in communication technologies and inter-country migration. As they recount the meaning of living through these changes, these older folk discuss the delicacies of assimilation in post-World War II New Zealand and the interplay between the daily life of New Zealand as ‘home’ and the homeland asHeimat. Their stories argue against the assumption that decades of residence, particularly for white immigrants in a white-majority nation, imply an ‘assimilation’ of cultural identity. Instead, the stories evoke recognition of the negotiation of gain and loss which continues as they, and their contexts, change over time.
Piloting the development of a cost-effective evidence-informed clinical pathway: Managing hypertension in Jordanian primary care
Authors: Chalkidou Kalipso , Lord Joanne , Obeidat Nour A. , Alabbadi Ibriham A. , Stanley Adrian G. , Bader Rania , Momani Aiman , O'Mahony Rachel M. , Qatami Lara , Cutler Derek 
Published: April 2011

Objectives: The UK's National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) and the Jordan office of the Medicines Transparency Alliance embarked on a pilot project to design an evidence-based guideline for cost-effective pharmacological treatment of essential hypertension in Jordan. The project's objectives were to directly address a major health problem for Jordan by producing a guideline; and to delineate the strengths and weaknesses of Jordan's healthcare process to allow similar future efforts to be planned more efficiently.Methods: The pilot spanned a period of approximately 8 months. Activities were overseen by local technical and guideline development teams, as well as experts from NICE. NICE's hypertension guidelines and economic model were used as a starting point. Parameters in the economic model were adjusted according to input and feedback from local experts with regards to Jordanian physician and patient practices, resource costs, and quality of life estimates. The results of the economic model were integrated with the updated available clinical trial literature.Results: The outputs of the economic model were used to inform recommendations, in the form of a clinical algorithm. A report of the process and the strengths and weaknesses observed was developed, and recommendations for improvements were made.Conclusions: The pilot represented the start of what is intended to be a healthcare process change for the country of Jordan. Issues emerged which can inform strategies to ensure a more cohesive and comprehensive approach to the cost-effective use of appropriate drugs in managing chronic disease in Jordan and countries operating in a similarly resource-constrained environment. Furthermore, our pilot highlights how richer countries with relevant experience in evidence-informed healthcare policy making can assist others in strengthening their decision-making methods and processes.
A Forgotten Legacy of the Second World War: GI children in post-war Britain and Germany
Authors: LEE SABINE 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWhether in war, occupation or peacekeeping, whenever foreign soldiers are in contact with the local population, and in particular with local women, some of these contacts are intimate. Between 1942 and 1945, US soldiers fathered more than 22,000 children in Britain, and during the first decade of post-war US presence in West Germany more than 37,000 children were fathered by American occupation soldiers. Many of these children were raised in their mothers’ families, not knowing about their biological roots and often suffering stigmatisation and discrimination. The question of how these children were treated is discussed in the context of wider social and political debates about national and individual identity. Furthermore, the effect on the children of living outside the normal boundaries of family and nation is discussed.
More than a Dime's Worth: Using State Party Platforms to Assess the Degree of American Party Polarization
Authors: Coffey Daniel J. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractHow polarized are American political parties? Recently, Kidd used an automated content analysis program to demonstrate that American party platforms reveal only minor policy differences. In contrast to his conclusions, this analysis produces three main findings. First, at the state level, state party platforms reveal considerable ideological differences between the parties. Second, differences in state public opinion do not account for these differences; rather, they are more closely correlated with activist opinions and increases in state party competition. Finally, the conflict is not simply ideological but applies to specific issues in the platforms. As such, American state parties are highly polarized on different measures. Automated content analysis programs clearly represent an important methodological advance in coding political texts, but the results here call attention to the importance of policy and agenda content in party platforms. Moreover, studies of American politics, particularly research focusing on parties and ideological polarization, need to take into account the diversity of agendas that is inherent in a federal party system.