bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inferring the Interstellar Magnetic Field Direction from Energetic Neutral Atom Observations of the Heliotail
Authors: Kornbleuth M. , Opher M. , Dayeh M. A. , Sokół J. M. , Chen Y. , Powell E. , Turner D. L. , Baliukin I. , Dialynas K. , Izmodenov V. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Determining the magnitude and direction of the interstellar magnetic field (B
ISM) is a long-standing problem. To date, some methods to infer the direction and magnitude have utilized best-fit models to the positions of the termination shock and heliopause measured by Voyager 1 and 2. Other models use the circularity of the Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) ribbon assuming a secondary energetic neutral atom (ENA) mechanism. Previous studies have revealed that the B
ISM organizes the orientation of the heliotail with respect to the solar meridian. Here we propose a new way to infer the direction of the B
ISM based on ENA observations of the heliotail. IBEX observations of the heliotail have revealed high-latitude lobes of enhanced ENA flux at energies >2 keV. Analyses showed that the high-latitude lobes are nearly aligned with the solar meridian, while also exhibiting a rotation with solar cycle. We show, using steady-state solar wind conditions, that the inclination of the lobes reproduced with commonly used values for the angle (α

BV
) between B
ISM and the interstellar flow in the hydrogen deflection plane (40° < α

BV
< 60°) is inconsistent with the IBEX ENA observations. We report that 0° < α

BV
< 20° best replicates the heliotail lobe inclinations observed by IBEX. Additionally, our model results indicate that the variation of the solar magnetic field magnitude with solar cycle causes the longitudinal rotation of the lobes observed by IBEX by affecting the inclination of the lobes.
Why the Laplace Resonant Angle is So Special
Authors: Christodoulou Dimitris M. , Laycock Silas G. T. , Kazanas Demosthenes 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We analyze adjacent local pairs of mean-motion resonances (MMRs) between three orbiting bodies designed to produce a Laplace resonant phase angle φ
L or one of its multiples N
φ
L, where integer N ≥ 2. This assumption yields a concrete pattern of Laplace resonances, very few of which (with angles φ
L and 2φ
L) have been observed in actual (extra)solar subsystems. All other MMRs face issues of proximity or remoteness of the orbits (they are too close or too far apart). We highlight one as yet unobservable MMR in each N-sequence for which these issues appear to be less acute.
Response of root growth parameters and nutrient uptake of cowpea (<i>Vigna unguculata L.</i>)to rates of organic manure
Authors: Ogbuehi H.C. , Emeribe E.O. 
Published: May 2024

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of different organic manure sources on Root growth parameters and nutrient uptake of cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata L.). The experiment was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Imo State University, Owerri. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), with five treatments replicated four times. The treatments are 0 ton T1 (Control), T2 (10tons and pig manure), T3 (15tons of pig manure), T4 (10tons of poultry manure), and T5 (15 tons of pig manure). From the result of the experiment, the application of poultry manure significantly improved, the number of roots, root length, root dry matter, phosphorus, and potassium uptake at various growth stages of data collection. The result also showed that pig manure significantly improved the percentage of emergence, plant height, number of leaves, Nitrogen uptake, and high number of pods (9.75), seed weight (101.47g), and yield 924.16kg/ha). The cowpea responded significantly in both root growth parameters and nutrient uptake to pig manure and poultry manure at the rates used.
Evaluation of biocontrol efficacy of trichoderma harzianum against fusarium oxysporium in tomatoes ( <i>Solanum esculentum L.</i>)
Authors: Jacinta N. Akalazu 
Published: May 2024

Utilizing biological techniques to manage plant diseases has demonstrated efficacy in fostering ecosystem sustainability and augmenting agricultural output and quality. A study was undertaken at the Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria to evaluate the suppressive impact of T. harzianum on the proliferation of F. oxysporusm f. sp. lycopersici, and the advancement of F. oxysporum infection in tomato plants. The trial comprised culturing only T. harzianum in the Petri dish, culturing T. harzianum and F. oxysporum in the Petri dish (dual culture), and culturing only F. oxysporum in the petri dish, and with Mancozeb. The influence of T. harzianum on the advancement of F. oxysporum infection in tomato plants comprises of four distinct concentrations (1g, 2g, 3g, and 4g) of T. harzianum extract. The results revealed that the dual culture of T. harzianum and F. oxysporum successfully suppressed the mycelial growth of F. oxysporum. On the seventh day, the level of antagonistic activity exhibited by T. harzianum against F. oxysporum peaked at 9.05mm. Leaf yellowing and severe wilting, indicative of Fusarium wilt, were seen during the monitoring period. Tomato disease incidence and severity exhibited a consistent linear decline with increasing concentrations of T. harzianum. The disease severity reached its maximum level, (31.6%) on week four. Mancozeb treatment compared favorably with 4g T. harzianum in decreasing the mycelial growth of F. oxysporium, and reducing wilt incidence and severity. Therefore, T. harzianum can function as a biocontrol agent, providing a sustainable substitute for synthetic fungicides in the control ofFusariumoxysporium wilt disease.
Proximate Composition and Phytochemical Content of Solvent Extracted Roasted Castor Seed Meal from Oriire Local Government area of Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Ogunbode A. A. , Raji A. W. 
Published: May 2024

The proximate composition and phytochemical content of solvent extracted roasted castor seed meal from Oriire Local Government area of Oyo State, Nigeria was determined using appropriate standard methods. The meal were found to contain 14.28% moisture, 24.48% crude protein, 3.46% crude fibre, 23.29% ether extract,5.71% ash,85.72% dry matter, nitrogen free extract and gross energy values were 56.91% and 5724kcal/kg respectively. The results of anti-nutritional factor present in the roasted solvent extracted castor seed meal revealed that it contained 0.13% ricin, 0.83% phytate and 0.38% oxalate. Based on the results of this study, roasted solvent extracted castor seed meal can be potential source of protein in the diet of monogastric animals.
Effects of Poor Sanitation and Public Awareness in Modeling Bacterial Infection amongst the Students of a Tertiary Institution in Kaura Namoda, Zamfara State, Nigeria
Authors: Lasisi N. O. , Suleiman F. 
Published: May 2024

Acute bacterial infection of the intestine is caused by ingestion of food or water containing vibrio cholera. The symptoms include acute water diarrhea and vomiting which can result in severe dehydration or water loss. Sanitary conditions in the environment play an important role. Hence, the objective of this paper as to evaluate the effects of poor sanitation and public awareness in modeling bacterial infection amongst the students of a tertiary institution in Kaura Namoda, Zamfara State, Nigeria. We incorporated effectiveness of drug and awareness for proper hygiene and sanitation into our model. The disease free and endemic equilibrium were determined. The effective reproduction number was showed. Numerical results of the dynamics system of the transmission of bacterial infection were presented and we found that as the effective contact rate increases, the effective reproduction number increases. Also as the effectiveness of compliance of good hygiene increases, the effective reproduction number decreases by varying the contact rate. More so, as production rate of acute diarrhea bacteria increases, it increases the secondary cases of the infected individuals.
Economic Analysis of Potential Offshore Aquaculture Practice to Enhance Diversification of Blue Economy in Nigeria
Authors: Agbakwuru J. A. , Osuji J. N. 
Published: May 2024

The oil and gas industry has long dominated Nigeria’s blue economic growth. However, a new frontier that can play sustainable economic growth in the maritime industry and therefore national economic leverage is offshore aquaculture. Hence, this paper aims to provide relevant information on the economic analysis of the potential offshore aquaculture practice to enhance the diversification of the blue economy in Nigeria using secondary data. Sensitivity analysis considering input variations of up to 45% is also performed to take care of the unforeseen. Offshore aquaculture in this paper refers to fish production in the Open Ocean using large cages/nets. Ten (10) fish cages of 37500-fish capacity per cage were hypothetically designed with fiberglass materials and installed in Escravos offshore. A mortality of 30% was used with the current prices of other required investments. The analysis recorded a breakeven period of 2 years and NPV value of over one trillion Naira in 9 years indicating massive profitability comparable to the oil and gas industry! Sensitivity analysis identified mortality/loss of fish and falling prices of fish as events that could adversely affect the investment. It is suggested that the investment should be done with experienced professionals in fishery, offshore engineering, and cost control.
Godfatherism and Democratic Reconstruction in Nigeria: A Review of Nigeria’s Fourth Republic
Authors: Emmanuel Abah 
Published: May 2024

Much of the contemporary discourse on Nigeria's democracy and politics from 1999 till date has at its centre, the phenomenon of 'godfatherism' in the leadership of political parties, and in running the affairs of our multi-nation-state. As a result of the corruption of the electoral and political processes, governmental structures, electoral politics and state power are skewed towards satisfying the self- regarding interests of the dominant political mentors otherwise known as 'political godfathers'. Relying on their wealth and their political machines, they secure party nomination for candidates of their choice by any means, sponsor their election, including manipulating the electoral process. This paper is intended to examine critically the crisis of political godfatherism in Nigeria and its implications for the future of the nation's democracy. It suggests ways the gods of Nigerian democracy and politics can be checked and confronted if the country is to deepen democracy and strengthen democratic institutions.
Destroy their Tongue and Identity so that they will Never build the House: Language, Identity and (Under)development of Africa
Authors: Thompson O.O. , Adeosun K.G. , Chinaguh E.C. , Adebiyi A.A. 
Published: May 2024

This paper examines two main themes in Africa’s culture--- Language and Identity and how the disarticulations of both have led to the underdevelopment of the continent. The study adopts a qualitative methodology, using the historical approach and post- colonial state thesis as the basis of analysis. It argued that the underdevelopment of Africa is hinged on bastardisation done to the twin of language and identity being two germane parts of its culture through the early contact between Africa and Europeans in the form of slave trade and colonialism which continued in the post-colonial state through neocolonialism. The paper found that in spite of the interventions from stakeholders from the global, regional levels down to individual level in responding to these crises, these interventions are dictated by western powers, lack proper framework and atomistic as well as lack the political will. The paper recommends among other things that there is need for an Africa reinvention on what works for us, recalibration of our identity, cultural values and moors through conscientious education.
Effect of Value-Added Tax (VAT) on the Demand for Tourism Services: Evidence from Tanzania
Authors: Nyimbi Henry S. , Komba Coretha , Mwakujonga Joshua 
Published: May 2024

This study examines the influence of Value-Added Tax (VAT) on the likelihood of tourists visiting Tanzania. The study employed a mixed approach by collecting and analyzing both quantitative and qualitative data. The study applied simple random and judgmental sampling techniques to select 110 respondents from the targeted population. The research used questionnaires, interviews and observation to collect primary data. The study conducted descriptive and regression analysis (binary logit model) to estimate the likelihood of tourists visiting tourist sites in the country. Descriptively, the findings reveal that 83 per cent of the respondents were affected by the high prices charged on tourism services like transport, accommodation and meals. 95 per cent of the respondents perceive the 18 per cent VAT charged on various tourism services as relatively high. The findings imply that a considerable number of visitors are sensitive to the rate of VAT imposed on tourism services. 90 per cent of the respondents were comfortable with the infrastructure in different tourist sites (national parks and game reserves) in the country. 69 per cent of the tourists are attracted to visit Tanzania due to the peace and security status in the country. Moreover, 97 per cent of the tourists visited the country because of environmental conservation and fighting against poaching efforts. As per the findings of the binary logit regression analysis, the study found that VAT, education level, price, infrastructure, peace and security, and destination marketing have significant effects on determining the likelihood of tourists visiting Tanzania.
Power Supply and Industrialization in Enugu State, Nigeria
Authors: Ahumibe Felicia , Bernard Olewe , Nze Ujunwa 
Published: May 2024

The study appraised the power supply and industrialization in Enugu State, Nigeria. The specific objectives of the study were to: examine the effect of power supply on the operational costs of industries, determine the effect of power supply on the productivity of industries and examine the effect of power supply on the competitiveness of industries in Enugu State, Nigeria. This study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The study employed secondary and primary sources of data. The population of the study was 2,299. Taro Yamani formula was used to determine the sample size of 341. The collected data was analyzed through the use of mean score. The Chi-square- test analysis technique was applied in testing the hypotheses. The findings revealed that Power supply has a significant negative effect on operational costs of industries in Enugu State, Nigeria (this is where (2cal = 357.230, p = 0.000), that Power supply has a significant negative effect on the productivity of industries in Enugu State, Nigeria (this is where (2cal = 258.945, p = 0.000) and that power supply had a significant negative effect on competitiveness of industries in Enugu State, Nigeria (this is where (2cal = 258.945, p = 0.000),. The study recommended that Government should invest in robust power infrastructure, incentivize renewable energy adoption, while firms should explore energy-efficient technologies, engage in cost-sharing initiatives, and invest in backup systems for uninterrupted production.
Exploring the prevalence of internet crimes among undergraduate students in a Nigerian University: A case study of the university of Ilorin
Authors: Balogun N.A. , Abdulrahaman M.D. , Aka K. 
Published: May 2024

Internet crime, also known as cybercrime, encompasses various illicit activities conducted through computer system and online platforms. It is a global menace that has become a pervasive issue in our contemporary society. This study delves into exploring the prevalence of internet crime among undergraduate students at the University of Ilorin with the view to examine the level of involvement of undergraduate students, identify the underlying factors, the perceived consequences, and potential control measures associated with undergraduates' involvement in internet crime. The study engaged a sample size of 400 undergraduate students, employing a stratified sample technique for comprehensive data collection using a structured questionnaire. The research revealed that the participants acknowledged the prominence of internet crime within their peer group. It uncovered the multifaceted factors contributing to the prevalence of internet crimes. The respondents acknowledged the perceived consequences of undergraduates' involvement in internet crime, encompassing financial mismanagement, expulsion from educational institutions, societal stigma, loss of personal integrity, legal consequences, and limited access to future opportunities. To mitigate this growing concern, respondents recommended various control and combative measures. These encompass the implementation of stringent rules within educational institutions, effective monitoring of students' financial activities, awareness campaigns against internet crime, provision of employment opportunities, engaging experts to address the issue, banning tools facilitating internet crime, and organizing training workshops to enhance legitimate ICT skills and wealth generation. This study sheds light on the pressing need for proactive interventions to curb internet crime among undergraduate students, emphasizing education, awareness, and policy implementation to foster a safer online environment and deter involvement in criminal activities.
Maximizing network capacity, control and management in designing a telemedicine network: A review and recent challenges
Authors: Sadiq B.O. , Zakariyya O.S. , Buhari M.D. , Shuaibu A.N. 
Published: May 2024

Telemedicine networks have seen significant changes in their capacity, monitoring, management, and control framework during the previous decades. The evolution of network capacity, control, and management for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) & Software-Defined Networks (SDN) as support to telemedicine, artificial intelligence in telemedicine networks, and capabilities in designing a telemedicine network with respect to its performance and customization is presented in this study, with a historical history and a future view. The first section of the article goes over the history of traffic and capacity expansion, as well as future projections. By introducing a medical and image data communication protocol for telemedicine, the second section examines the technological constraints of expanding capacity in the era of UAV & softwaredefined networking. The third section discusses ways to maximize network capacity by considering quality of service (QoS) capacity issues. Finally, the article explores how to construct a telemedicine network that can provide performance, customization, and capabilities to keep up with increased traffic in the coming decades. Research gaps and future directions were presented in the last section.
Investigating the optimal Photovoltaic (PV) tilt angle using the Photovoltaic Geographic Information System (PVGIS)
Authors: Ukoima K.N. , Efughu D. , Azubuike O.C. , Akpiri B.F. 
Published: May 2024

This work presents an investigation of the optimal tilt angles for mounting pv panels in South –South and South - East States in Nigeria when no tracking system exists using the photovoltaic geographic information system (PVGIS). Experiments were carried out to verify results obtained from the PVGIS database. The experimental set up consist of five PV panels each rated 10Watts inclined at five different angles including the optimal angle obtained from the PVGIS database. South-South Nigeria consists of six states (Rivers, Delta, Bayelsa, Edo, Cross-Rivers and Akwa-Ibom). South-East Nigeria consists of five states (Abia, Enugu, Imo, Ebonyi and Anambra). The optimal installation angle of selected cities within each of the States was identified. Results from experiments conducted showed that from January to April and September to December, the yearly optimal tilt angle (11o for Port Harcourt, 12o for Yenagoa, 11o for Benin City, 10o for Calabar, 11o for Asaba and 10o for Uyo) is suitable for use in the South – South while from January to April and September to December, the yearly optimal tilt angle (10o for Umuahia, 11o for Awka, 12o for Enugu, 10o for Owerri, and 11o for Abakaliki) is suitable for use in the South – East. The horizontal plane (0o ) is suitable from May to August in both South – South and South – Eastern States. The untapped solar potential in the South – South was observed to be as high as 286.62kWh/m2 for Port Harcourt and a low value of 19.34kWh/m2 was recorded in Calabar when solar panels are not installed at the optimal angles. For the South –East, the untapped solar potential was observed to be as high as 222.11kWh/m2 for Umuahia and a lowest value of 21.31kWh/m2 was also recorded in Umuahia when solar panels were not installed at the optimal angles. Installing PV panels at the optimal tilt angle can improve the efficiency of solar energy generation, making it more cost-effective by maximizing the total amount of diffused and direct radiation.
Optimization and modeling of solar energy with artificial neural networks
Authors: Ntekim B.E. , Uppin C. 
Published: May 2024

Solar energy represents one of the emerging frontiers in renewable energy, offering significant potential to address the issues of energy unavailability and instability in Uyo (Nigeria). A crucial step in overcoming these challenges is accurately predicting the amount of solar energy that can be harnessed at a specific location. This research focused on achieving optimal solar power prediction, with the following objectives; identifying and investigating the mathematical relationships between relevant variables and parameters. To ensure precise predictions, artificial neural networks (ANN) were employed, utilizing both forward and backward propagation techniques. The input data for the ANN comprised radiation data obtained from a secondary source, the solar panel's size or area from the manufacturer, the panel's efficiency, and its performance ratio – all of which determined the electricity produced in kilowatts. The ANN was trained and tested using meteorological data, enabling accurate predictions of optimal electricity generation for the location. Notably, the hourly predictions reached their peak by 1 PM at the geographic location (5.2N and 7.5E), indicating that the highest levels of solar power were attainable during this daily period. Moreover, the pattern of monthly average solar power exhibited optimal predictions in January. Influenced by meteorological factors, a significant rise and fall in August, commonly referred to as the 'August Break’ featured. The results demonstrated exceptional accuracy with minimal error margins (mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.03, mean squared error (MSE) of 0.0, and root mean squared error (RMSE) of 0.03). This high level of accuracy rendered the predictions reliable, making them suitable for consultancy services. Additionally, the potential for future work and expansion was evident, as the ANN could incorporate five or more years of radiation data for further improvements and insights.