bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variations of Mechanical Parameters and Strain Energy Dissipated During Tension-Torsion Loading
Authors: Szymczak T. , Kowalewski Z. 
Published: April 2012

Variations of Mechanical Parameters and Strain Energy Dissipated During Tension-Torsion LoadingThe paper presents behaviour of materials under complex loading being combinations of torsion-reverse-torsion cycles superimposed on monotonic tensile deformation. The 2024 aluminium alloy, P91 steel and M1E copper were investigated under plane stress state using thin-walled tubular specimens. All tests were strain controlled and a total strain was less than 1%. An influence of torsion cycles on tensile characteristic was manifested by lowering of the proportional limit and yield point. This effect was increased with magnification of cyclic strain amplitude and in the case of copper a reduction of yield point was equal around 90%. A character of this effect was checked using the yield surface concept after each test. The papers also presents, variations of tangential hardening modulus and plastic strain energy dissipation.
Laser Surface Modification of Borochromizing C45 Steel
Authors: Bartkowska A. , Pertek A. , Jankowiak M. , Jóźwiak K. 
Published: April 2012

Laser Surface Modification of Borochromizing C45 SteelIn this study the test results for borochromized C45 steel after laser surface modification were presented. Influence of laser heat treatment on the microstructure and microhardness of surface layer was investigated. The process of borochromizing consisted of chromium plating followed by diffusion boronizing. The laser heat treatment (LHT) of multiple tracks in the helical line was carried out with CO2laser beam. The technological laser TRUMPF TLF 2600 Turbo CO2of the nominal power 2.6 kW was applied. Borochromizing was carried out with laser power density q = 41.40 kW/cm2and at laser beam scanning rate v = 0.67 m/min and v = 2.016 m/min. Measurements of microhardness were conducted using the Vickers' method and Zwick 3212 B hardness tester. Microstructure observations were performed by means of an optical microscope Metaval Carl Zeiss Jena and scanning electron microscope Tescan VEGA 5135. After laser heat treatment with re-melting a three-zone layer was obtained, which included: re-melted zone, heat affected zone and a core. Influence of laser treatment parameters on thickness of melted zone and microstructure of the surface layer was tested. The microhardness tested along the axis of track of the surface layer after laser modification was about 800-850 HV. The results of tests showed influence of laser power density and scanning rate on microstructure and properties of borochromized layers.
Microstructure and Soft Magnetic Properties of Fe61Co10Y8Me1B20 (Where Me = W, Zr or Nb) Amorphous Alloys
Authors: Pietrusiewicz P. , Nabiałek M. , Szota M. , Perduta K. 
Published: April 2012

Microstructure and Soft Magnetic Properties of Fe61Co10Y8Me1B20(Where Me = W, Zr or Nb) Amorphous AlloysThe microstructure and the soft magnetic properties of the multi-component Fe61Co10Y8Me1B20amorphous alloys (where Me = W, Zr or Nb) have been investigated; the samples were in the form of ribbons of 3 mm width and 30 μm thickness. The samples were produced using a single-roller melt-spinning method. The alloy composition was investigated using an X-ray diffractometer. The amorphous nature of the entire volume of all the as-quenched samples was confirmed. From the magnetic measurements performed using the ‘LakeShore’ vibrating sample magnetometer, magnetic parameters such as: coercivity, saturation of the magnetization for the as-quenched samples were derived. All of the investigated alloys displayed good soft magnetic properties, making them perfect materials for magnetic cores. The core losses for different values of magnetic field and operating frequency were also measured. It was shown that the investigated alloys featured lower core losses than commercially-used classical FeSi steel.
Ambulatory Orthopaedic Surgery Patients’ Knowledge with Internet-based Education
Authors: Leino-Kilpi H. , Salanterä S. , Heikkinen K. 
Published: April 2012

SummaryBackground: There is a growing need for patient education and an evaluation of its outcomes.Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare ambulatory orthopaedic surgery patients’ knowledge with Internet-based education and face-to-face education with a nurse. The following hypothesis was proposed: Internet-based patient education (experiment) is as effective as face-to-face education with a nurse (control) in increasing patients’ level of knowledge and sufficiency of knowledge. In addition, the correlations of demographic variables were tested.Methods: The patients were randomized to either an experiment group (n = 72) or a control group (n = 75). Empirical data were collected with two instruments.Results: Patients in both groups showed improvement in their knowledge during their care. Patients in the experiment group improved their knowledge level significantly more in total than those patients in the control group. There were no differences in patients’ sufficiency of knowledge between the groups. Knowledge was correlated especially with patients’ age, gender and earlier ambulatory surgeries.Conclusions: As a conclusion, positive results concerning patients’ knowledge could be achieved with the Internet-based education. The Internet is a viable method in ambulatory care.
Progressive Data Transmission for Anatomical Landmark Detection in a Cloud
Authors: Ralovich K. , Zhang J. , Zhou S. K. , Comaniciu D. , Sofka M. 
Published: April 2012

SummaryBackground: In the concept of cloud-computing-based systems, various authorized users have secure access to patient records from a number of care delivery organizations from any location. This creates a growing need for remote visualization, advanced image processing, state-of-the-art image analysis, and computer aided diagnosis.Objectives: This paper proposes a system of algorithms for automatic detection of anatomical landmarks in 3D volumes in the cloud computing environment. The system addresses the inherent problem of limited bandwidth between a (thin) client, data center, and data analysis server.Methods: The problem of limited bandwidth is solved by a hierarchical sequential detection algorithm that obtains data by progressively transmitting only image regions required for processing. The client sends a request to detect a set of landmarks for region visualization or further analysis. The algorithm running on the data analysis server obtains a coarse level image from the data center and generates landmark location candidates. The candidates are then used to obtain image neighborhood regions at a finer resolution level for further detection. This way, the landmark locations are hierarchically and sequentially detected and refined.Results: Only image regions surrounding landmark location candidates need to be trans- mitted during detection. Furthermore, the image regions are lossy compressed with JPEG 2000. Together, these properties amount to at least 30 times bandwidth reduction while achieving similar accuracy when compared to an algorithm using the original data.Conclusions: The hierarchical sequential algorithm with progressive data transmission considerably reduces bandwidth requirements in cloud-based detection systems.
La presse en ligne au service de la démocratie locale
Authors: Parasie Sylvain , Cointet Jean-Philippe 
Published: April 2012

Résumé Les sciences sociales dressent souvent un constat critique du rôle que joue la presse dans la vie politique locale. À travers une analyse statistique et lexicométrique de forums web mis en place par La Voix du Nord à l’occasion des élections municipales de 2008, cet article montre qu’une organisation de presse peut tirer parti du web pour modifier le rôle qu’elle joue dans les espaces démocratiques locaux. Pour ce faire, il montre que la prise de parole se déploie en ligne d’une façon spécifique selon la morphologie des communes. En proposant des espaces de discussion en ligne, le journal joue le rôle d’un « voile » dans les petites communes ­ mettant en suspens les identités dans un contexte d’interconnaissance ­ et d’un « catalyseur » dans les communes moyennes ­ favorisant l’émergence d’une opinion locale.
Technical inspection of pipeline groups using surface electromagnetic methods
Authors: Mousatov Aleksandr , Delgado‐Rodríguez Omar , Nakamura‐Labastida Edgar , Shevnin Vladimir 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we present an electromagnetic surface technique for the integrity inspection of buried pipelines groups. The inspection includes the determination of the pipeline plan location and depth, assessment of insulation‐coating quality and cathodic protection conditions. This technique is based on the approximation of a metallic pipeline by a heterogeneous transmission line. In the transmission line model, the degree of coating damage (disbanded or cracked insulation) corresponds to the leakage resistance that is defined by the coating resistance and environmental resistivity. Using the transmission line model, we simulated the voltage and current distributions along a pipeline created by the cathodic protection system or an external generator in a low‐frequency range. The calculations were performed for both a single pipeline and interconnected pipelines with different insulation‐coating quality (model of a common cathodic protection system). We describe the field operations, which consist of measurements of the magnetic field created by the current flowing into a pipeline, voltages on the cathodic protection control posts and soil resistivity. To find the pipeline position, depth and current we apply the interactive inversion of the magnetic‐field data obtained along the profiles orthogonally oriented to the pipeline‐group route. The interpretation of the field data includes: calculating the leakage current (the current difference on the measuring interval) for each pipeline, determining the leakage resistance (the voltage to the leakage‐current ratio) and assessing the insulation‐coating resistance taking into account the surrounding soil resistivity. We present practical examples of the integrity inspection of interconnected pipelines group in Mexico. The successful results achieved allow us to recommend this electromagnetic technique for quantitative inspection of the technical conditions of interconnected pipelines.
The Dual Effects of B Cell Depletion on Antigen-Specific T Cells in BDC2.5NOD Mice
Authors: Xiang Yufei , Peng Jian , Tai Ningwen , Hu Changyun , Zhou Zhiguang , Wong F. Susan , Wen Li 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
B cells play a critical role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diabetes. To investigate the mechanisms by which B cell depletion therapy attenuates islet β cell loss and particularly to examine the effect of B cells on both diabetogenic and regulatory Ag-specific T cells, we generated a transgenic BDC2.5NOD mouse expressing human CD20 on B cells. This allowed us to deplete B cells for defined time periods and investigate the effect of B cell depletion on Ag-specific BDC2.5 T cells. We depleted B cells with anti-human CD20 Ab using a multiple injection protocol. We studied two time points, before and after B cell regeneration, to examine the effect on BDC2.5 T cell phenotype and functions that included antigenic response, cytokine profile, diabetogenicity, and suppressive function of regulatory T (Treg) cells. We found unexpectedly that B cell depletion induced transient aggressive behavior in BDC2.5 diabetogenic T cells and reduction in Treg cell number and function during the depletion period. However, after B cell reconstitution, we found that more regenerated B cells, particularly in the CD1d− fraction, expressed immune regulatory function. Our results suggest that the regenerated B cells are likely to be responsible for the therapeutic effect after B cell depletion. Our preclinical study also provides direct evidence that B cells regulate both pathogenic and Treg cell function, and this knowledge could explain the increased T cell responses to islet Ag after rituximab therapy in diabetic patients in a recent report and will be useful in design of future clinical protocols.
Trade Policy versus Trade Facilitation: An Application Using ‘Good Old’ OLS
Authors: Márquez-Ramos Laura , Martínez-Zarzoso Inmaculada , Suárez-Burguet Celestino 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Trade policy barriers are only one element of overall trade costs. Among these, and due to the decrease in the influence of tariff barriers on trade over time, institutional barriers might increase in relative importance and become a key obstacle to the movements of goods across countries. This paper quantifies and compares the impact that a number of trade facilitation and trade policy barriers have on bilateral trade flows. A theoretically justified gravity model of trade is estimated by using the methodology proposed in Baier and Bergstrand (Bonus vetus OLS: A simple method for approximating international trade-cost effects using the gravity equation, 2009) for a cross-section of countries in the year 2000. Results indicate that institutional trade barriers have a greater impact on trade flows than tariff barriers. According to these findings, trade policy negotiation efforts should focus on facilitating trade processes and should be at the forefront of multilateral negotiations.
Reducción Mamaria en 43 Pacientes Realizada en el Hospital Escuela 2008 - 2010
Authors: Editorial Comité , Cerrato Carlos Roberto , Gonzalez Luis Alberto , Boquin Manuel 
Published: April 2012

Palabras claves: Reducción de mamas; patron de Wise, técnica de Hall-findlay; técnica de LejourDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/rmpm.v13i3.632Revista de los Postgrados de Medicina UNAH Vol. 13 N° 3 Agosto-Octubre 2010
Correlates and predictors of disability in vulnerable US Hispanics with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Karpouzas George A. , Dolatabadi Soha , Moran Rosalinda , Li Ning , Nicassio Perry M. , Weisman Michael H. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjectiveUS Hispanics with rheumatoid arthritis experience worse functional outcomes compared to whites. The determinants of disability, however, are not well established in large Hispanic cohorts. In the present report, we identified factors associated with disability in a cross‐sectional design, and evaluated their individual contributions to disability over time.MethodsTwo hundred fifty‐one Hispanic subjects from a single center were evaluated. Disease activity, serologies, radiographs, treatments, irreversible articular damage (defined as subluxation, arthrodesis, fusion, or prosthesis), and joint replacement surgeries were recorded. Self‐reported disability (Health Assessment Questionnaire disability index), patient pain by a visual analog scale, and depression assessments were collected. Cross‐sectional factors associated with disability were identified, and their effects on future disability were evaluated in a subgroup of 114 patients assessed 6 months later.ResultsSix parameters were independently related to disability cross‐sectionally: pain was the strongest (P < 0.0001), followed by irreversible articular damage, disease activity, depression, age, and fibromyalgia (P < 0.03 for all). Baseline parameters predicting disability 6 months later included, in decreasing significance, irreversible articular damage (P = 0.004), depression, disease activity, age, and pain (all P < 0.04).ConclusionIn cross‐sectional analysis, self‐reported pain had the strongest relationship with disability; however, factors such as irreversible articular damage, depression, and disease activity were more important in predicting future disability. Most of these factors are amenable to targeted interventions and should be addressed in an effort to improve functional outcomes.
Biomolecule Arrays Using Functional Combinatorial Particle Patterning on Microchips
Authors: Loeffler Felix , Schirwitz Christopher , Wagner Jenny , Koenig Kai , Maerkle Frieder , Torralba Gloria , Hausmann Michael , Bischoff F. Ralf , Nesterov‐Mueller Alexander , Breitling Frank 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBiofunctionalization of surfaces in a microarray format has revolutionized biological assay applications. Here, a microarray system based on a microelectronic chip is presented that allows for a versatile combinatorial in situ molecule synthesis with very high density. Successfully demonstrating an application for peptide array synthesis, the method offers a compact approach, high combinatorial freedom, and, due to the intrinsic alignment, high and reproducible precision. Patterning the chip surface with different microparticle types which imbed different monomers, several thousand different molecule types can be simultaneously elongated layer‐by‐layer by coupling the particle imbedded monomers to the molecules growing on the chip surface. This technique has the potential for a wide application in combinatorial chemistry, as long as the desired monomeric building blocks are compatible with the chemical process.
Prolyl hydroxylase domain enzyme 2 is the major player in regulating hypoxic responses in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Muz Barbara , Larsen Helene , Madden Leigh , Kiriakidis Serafim , Paleolog Ewa M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjectiveRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by hypoxia and the expression of hypoxia‐inducible transcription factors (HIFs), which coordinate cellular responses to hypoxia. The objective of this study was to analyze the expression and regulation of prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD) enzymes and factor‐inhibiting HIF‐1α (FIH‐1), which regulate cellular HIF levels, and to study the roles of these enzymes in RA fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (RA FLS).MethodsThe expression of PHD and FIH and downstream target genes was assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. A small interfering RNA (siRNA) approach and an in vitro endothelial cell angiogenesis assay were used to analyze the roles of HIF hydroxylases.ResultsIn human RA FLS, knockdown of PHD‐2, but not knockdown of PHD‐1 or FIH‐1, dramatically augmented HIF‐1α expression, modestly increased HIF‐2α protein expression under normoxic conditions, and up‐regulated HIF‐dependent gene expression. In contrast, silencing of PHD‐3 up‐regulated HIF‐2α but reduced HIF‐1α, thereby decreasing the expression of HIF‐regulated genes. A similar effect of PHD‐2 knockdown was observed in osteoarthritis FLS (OA FLS) but not in nondiseased primary human dermal fibroblasts. These findings correlated with the induction of in vitro angiogenesis by supernatants from RA FLS and OA FLS transfected with siPHD‐2 but not by supernatants from nondiseased fibroblasts or from siPHD‐3–transfected cells.ConclusionOur data suggest that PHD‐2 is the major hydroxylase regulating HIF levels and the expression of angiogenic genes in arthritic cells. PHD‐2 appears to regulate responses relevant to arthritis via HIF‐α, highlighting the major importance of this enzyme in hypoxia‐ and angiogenesis‐dependent inflammatory diseases such as RA.
Autoimmune epididymoorchitis is essential to the pathogenesis of male‐specific spondylarthritis in HLA–B27–transgenic rats
Authors: Taurog Joel D. , Rival Claudia , van Duivenvoorde Leonie M. , Satumtira Nimman , Dorris Martha L. , Sun Margaret , Shelton John M. , Richardson James A. , Hamra F. Kent , Hammer Robert E. , Tung Kenneth S. K. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjectiveMale rats transgenic for HLA–B27 and human β2‐microglobulin (hβ2m) spontaneously develop epididymoorchitis (EO) preceding the development of spondylarthritis (SpA). In the specific B27/hβ2m‐transgenic rat cross‐strain (21‐3 × 382‐2)F1, only the males develop SpA, and neither sex develops gut inflammation. This study was undertaken to determine whether EO and SpA in male (21‐3 × 382‐2)F1 rats are causally related. In addition, the primary characteristics of EO in this rat arthritis model were assessed.MethodsMale B27/hβ2m‐transgenic (21‐3 × 382‐2)F1 rats underwent bilateral, unilateral, or sham epididymoorchiectomy between ages 36 and 125 days. The castrated rats were given testosterone replacement. Alternatively, the 21‐3 and 283‐2 transgene loci were crossed with a transgene inducing aspermatogenesis. Rats were observed for the development of EO, arthritis, and spondylitis.ResultsIn unmanipulated transgenic rats, inflammation was first evident in the ductuli efferentes (DE; ducts linking the rete testis to epididymis) as early as age 30 days. The inflammation was initially neutrophilic, and later became granulomatous. Antisperm and anti–testis cell antibodies appeared in the rat serum after age 70 days. Cells infiltrating the testes were predominantly CD4+ T cells and CD68+ or CD163+ macrophages. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction of the DE, epididymis, and testis showed elevations in the levels of interferon‐γ, interleukin‐10 (IL‐10), and IL‐17A. In addition, levels of IL‐12A, IL‐22, IL‐23A, and IL‐23 receptor were found to be elevated in the DE. Remarkably, castration of the rats before age 91 days completely prevented the subsequent onset of arthritis and spondylitis, as did transgene‐induced azospermia.ConclusionAutoimmune EO develops spontaneously in HLA–B27/hβ2m–transgenic (21‐3 × 283‐2)F1 rats at age 30 days, the age when antigen‐positive meiotic germ cells first exit the testis. Persistent testicular inflammation and/or antigenic stimulation are essential prerequisites for the subsequent development of SpA. Thus, dysregulated innate immunity at immune‐privileged sites may be an essential mechanism triggering the onset of SpA.
Brief Report: First identification of H4 histamine receptor in healthy salivary glands and in focal sialadenitis in Sjögren's syndrome
Authors: Stegaev V. , Sillat T. , Porola P. , Hänninen A. , Falus A. , Mieliauskaite D. , Buzás E. , Rotar Z. , Mackiewicz Z. , Stark H. , Chazot P. L. , Konttinen Y. T. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjectiveThe conventional H1 and H2 histamine receptors have >10,000‐fold lower avidity for histamine than H4 histamine receptor, which has been implicated in autoimmune diseases. This study was undertaken to compare H4 histamine receptor levels in the salivary glands (SGs) of healthy controls with those in the SGs of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS).MethodsH4 histamine receptor messenger RNA (mRNA) was analyzed using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and the receptor protein was examined using immunostaining. Effects of the H4 histamine receptor agonist ST‐1006 on cytokine synthesis by human SG (HSG) cells were analyzed using xMAP technology and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsHealthy SGs contained H4 histamine receptor mRNA. The receptor protein was localized to the acinar and ductal epithelial cells. H4 histamine receptor agonist stimulated HSG cells to produce the cytokines interleukin‐8 and vascular endothelial growth factor. SS patients had low H4 histamine receptor levels.ConclusionH1 and H2 histamine receptor antagonists are not effective in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. However, such antagonists do not affect the newly discovered H4 histamine receptor. Dendritic cells and lymphocytes are nonprofessional histamine‐producing cells, which produce histamine at 100–1,000‐fold lower rates than mast cells do. Saliva contains only 0.31–12.4 ng/ml histamine, which is too low to stimulate H1 or H2 histamine receptor, but stimulates H4 histamine receptor half maximally. Our findings show that H4 histamine receptor is strongly expressed in tubuloacinar SG cells, which emphasizes the role of these cells in the pathogenesis of SS.