bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation fidelity of provider-initiated opt-out HIV testing of pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Ghana: a multi-site process evaluation.
Authors: Ph Isaac Amankwaa; , Maude Robyn , Skinner Joan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The study aimed to assess the fidelity to the intended content of the WHO/UNAID's provider-initiated opt-out HIV testing policy in 12 antenatal clinics across three regions in Ghana. Specifically, the focus was on understanding the implementation of key components, including informed consent, confidentiality, counselling, and connection to care.
Methods
Carroll's conceptual framework of implementation fidelity guided the quantitative data collection in the 12 antenatal clinics across three regions in Ghana. We measured adherence through brief facility surveys, healthcare providers, pregnant women's self-reports and structured observation of counselling sessions. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to describe the sample and antenatal clinic characteristics. The percentage means and standard deviation (SD) of components delivered were used to calculate fidelity scores.
Results
Routine provider-initiated HIV testing was widely available in the 12 antenatal clinics. Although adherence to test coverage was high (98.1%), just under half (41.7%) of the clinics surveyed obtained informed consent through the recommended opt-out approach. Adherence to the content of consent, confidentiality, counselling, and connection to care was low (38%) for direct observation, moderate (54%) for pregnant woman self-reports and moderately high (78.9%) for healthcare provider self-reports.
Conclusions
There is evidence of low to moderate fidelity to the intended content of the provider-initiated HIV testing in the 12 antenatal clinics. Gaps in the content delivery could limit the achievement of rights-based testing and may explain the lack of impact in the HIV testing efforts.
Sustainable management of small-town water supply in Nepal: improvement through the multi-stage training mechanism
Authors: Ogata Ryuji , Oniki Satoru , Karki Kabindra Bikram 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
In Nepal, a project to sustain a safe water supply for small towns was executed in 68 towns, each with distinctive water sources and topographical situations. This project adopted two approaches to establish a standardized capacity development process for small-town water supplies. The first approach, the Management Model, consists of standard operating procedures (SOPs) and business planning. The second approach, termed the Support Model, entails a comprehensive system for training, monitoring, and evaluating water supply management. Throughout the project, a total of 31 SOPs pertaining to operation, maintenance, and facility rehabilitation manuals were developed. Moreover, four courses consisting of training, basic and on-site training, and interactive workshops were conducted. Consequently, the data deficiency rate reduced significantly by 61%, while 87% of water samples met water quality standards. In contrast, the operating ratio and water production rates improved by 17 and 29%, respectively. The materials produced from these models are expected to contribute to small-town water supply systems beyond the pilot sites. This is due to the versatility of the model for future applications. Although the project was effectively implemented, continuous support for small-town water supply by the Government of Nepal is needed for future sustainability.
Spatial-temporal characteristics of meteorological drought and its relationship with circulation indices over Songhua River Basin, China
Authors: Xu Jiale , Li Xiumei , Xue Jianwen , Dou Xiangzhou , Wu Wenqing , Wu Gaopeng , Zhao Qiang 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Global warming has increased the risk of meteorological drought and associated hazards. Based on daily data from 35 meteorological stations in the Songhua River Basin (SRB) collected from 1960 to 2019, this study applied the standardised precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) and used the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) method and Pettitt's mutation test to perform a partitioned segmentation analysis of the multi-temporal and spatial variations in the meteorological droughts affecting the basin in terms of frequency and intensity, and discussed the relationship between the atmospheric circulation index and meteorological drought. The results showed that the overall meteorological drought trends shifted from a drought to a humid trend from 1960 to 2019. The drought in the basin had periods of 3, 6.7, 15, and 30 years, with mutation points in 1968, 1980, 1997, and 2012. The drought trend in Regions I and IV of the entire basin was enhanced, while that in Regions II, III, and V was weakened. Drought in the basin was strongly influenced by the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and Southern Oscillation Index (SOI).
Theranostic Potential of Bacteriophages against Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Easwaran Maheswaran , Madasamy Sivagnanavelmurugan , Venkidasamy Baskar 
Published: May 2024

:
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is a widespread and challenging disease that accounts
for 94% of cancers of the oral cavity worldwide. Bacteriophages (phages) have shown promise
as a potential theranostic agent for the treatment of OSCC. It may offer advantages in overcoming
the challenges of conventional methods. Modern high-throughput pyrosequencing techniques
confirm the presence of specific bacterial strains associated with OSCC. Bio-panning and filamentous
phages facilitate visualization of the peptide on surfaces and show high affinity in OSCC cells.
The peptide has the potential to bind integrin (αvβ6), aid in diagnosis, and inhibit the proliferation
of OSCC cells. Mimotopes of tumor-associated antigens show cytotoxic and immune responses
against cancer cells. Biomarker-based approaches such as transferrin enable early OSCC diagnosis.
A modified temperate phage introduces CRISPR-Cas3 to target antimicrobial-resistant bacteria associated
with OSCC. The research findings highlight the evolving field of phage diagnostics and
therapy and represent a new avenue for non-invasive, targeted approaches to the detection and
treatment of OSCC. However, extensive clinical research is required to validate the efficacy of
phages in innovative cancer theranostic strategies.
Cardioprotective Effects of Exercise: The Role of Irisin and Exosome
Authors: Wang Yuehuan , Yang Yi , Song Yanjuan 
Published: May 2024

:
Exercise is an effective measure for preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases, although
the exact molecular mechanism remains unknown. Previous studies have shown that both
irisin and exosomes can improve the course of cardiovascular disease independently. Therefore, it
is speculated that the cardiovascular protective effect of exercise is also related to its ability to regulate
the concentrations of irisin and exosomes in the circulatory system. In this review, the potential
synergistic interactions between irisin and exosomes are examined, as well as the underlying
mechanisms including the AMPK/PI3K/AKT pathway, the TGFβ1/Smad2/3 pathway, the
PI3K/AKT/VEGF pathway, and the PTEN/PINK1/Parkin pathway are examined. This paper provides
evidence to propose that exercise promotes the release of exosomes enriched with irisin,
miR-486-5p and miR-342-5p from skeletal muscles, which results in the activation protective networks
in the cardiovascular system. Moreover, the potential synergistic effect in exosomal cargo
can provide new ideas for clinical research of exercise mimics.
Macrophages: Balancing Inflammation and Homeostasis in Health and
Disease
Authors: Ramalingam Rabika , Venkatachalam Kaliyamurthi , Piyushbhai Modi Kiran , Sharma Prakhar , Binesh Ambika 
Published: May 2024

:
Inflammation is crucial for maintaining tissue homeostasis and responding to insults,
yet dysregulated inflammation can lead to various diseases. Macrophages, central to the immune
system, play key roles in initiating, regulating, and resolving inflammation. This review provides
an overview of macrophage functions, including activation mechanisms, recruitment to inflamed
tissues, interactions with other immune cells and mediators, and their roles in phagocytosis, clearance
of apoptotic cells and debris, and secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, it
discusses macrophage-induced regulatory T-cell formation, the impact of pro-inflammatory and
anti-inflammatory cytokines on macrophage behavior, and the influence of microbial products and
pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) on macrophage function. The review also identifies
targeting macrophages as a promising strategy for managing inflammatory diseases while acknowledging
challenges such as macrophage heterogeneity, limitations of in vitro models, and incomplete
understanding of regulatory mechanisms. Finally, it suggests areas for further research,
including identifying specific macrophage subsets, understanding macrophage plasticity, exploring
resolution signaling pathways, and investigating the role of metabolism and microenvironmental
cues in macrophage function, aiming to pave the way for more effective macrophage-targeted
therapies in inflammatory diseases.
Nanomaterials in Wound Healing: Mechanisms, Applications, and Future Prospects
Authors: Rani Kavita , Singh Gurvirender , Narwal Smita , Chopra Bhawna , Dhingra Ashwani K. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Poor wound healing poses a significant global health challenge, leading
to increased mortality rates and considerable healthcare expenses. Nanotechnology has emerged
as a promising approach to address the complexities associated with wound healing, offering potential
solutions to enhance the wound microenvironment and promote efficient tissue repair.

Aim:
This review aims to comprehensively summarize recent advancements in the application of
nanomaterials for wound healing, with a focus on their mechanisms of action. The review also explores
the prospects and challenges of using nanomaterials in wound dressings, specifically in the
context of antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and angiogenic effects.

Results:
The integration of nanomaterials in wound healing has demonstrated significant progress
in addressing key challenges, such as providing a suitable environment for cell migration, controlling
microbial infections, and managing inflammation. Nanomaterials have been found to stimulate
cellular and molecular processes, promoting hemostasis, immune regulation, and tissue proliferation,
thereby accelerating wound closure and tissue regeneration.

Conclusion:
Nanotechnology-based wound healing has shown great promise in revolutionizing
wound care. Nanomaterials offer unique physicochemical and biological properties that can be harnessed
to develop advanced wound dressings capable of sustained therapeutic agent delivery and
targeted bacterial detection and treatment. Despite these promising advancements, challenges such
as reproducibility, stability, toxicity, and histocompatibility must be addressed to ensure successful
translation from laboratory research to clinical applications. Further research is required to better
understand the in-vivo behaviour of nanomaterial-based wound dressings and to explore innovative
approaches, such as intelligent wound dressings that detect and treat infections synergistically,
to enhance wound healing outcomes. Overall, nanomaterials hold tremendous potential for future
wound healing strategies, paving the way for improved patient outcomes and reduced healthcare
burdens.
Breast Cancer Prediction Using Oversampling Technique, Particle Swarm Optimization, and Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Mahato Kapil Dev , Saini Chitra , Das S S Gourab Kumar , Kumar Abhilash , Azad Chandrashekhar , Kumar Uday 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Breast cancer is one of the most devastating and prominent reasons for women's life loss on the planet today. Therefore, the development of tools for the early detection of breast cancer based on the use of a large amount of available clinical data in combination with machine learning/artificial intelligence models can be a cost-effective and game-changer solution for saving women's lives. Researchers have been working hard to put such a tool into practice in recent years.

Introduction:
Breast cancer is a serious health issue, and detecting it early is crucial to improving patient outcomes. Breast cancer is the second most prevalent chronic illness in women behind lung cancer and can also affect males, though it does so significantly on a smaller scale

Objective:
For early detection of breast cancer, a wide range of methods, including oversampling, feature selection, fuzzy logic, and machine learning algorithms, have been explored. This research article aims to predict the type and risk factors of breast cancer.

Methods:
In this study, the support vector machine-synthetic minority oversampling technique (SVM-SMOTE) was used to balance the Wisconsin Breast Cancer Original (WBCO) dataset from the UCI repository. To enhance the models’ performance and decrease the number of features, features were extracted using particle swarm optimization (PSO). Furthermore, thirteen types of models are proposed: Decision Tree (DT), Logistic Regression (LR), Random Forest (RF), Naïve Bayes (NB), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Gradient Boosting (GB), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB), Adaptive Boosting (AB), Categorical Boosting (CB), Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LGBM), Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), and Extra Trees (ET). The PSO-suggested features are utilized as input fuzzy variables, and fuzzy logic is trained.

Results:
As a result of these proposed techniques, the highest accuracy was obtained at 92.64%, 98.31%, and 97.19% using SVM-SMOTE, SVM-SMOTE+PSO, and PSO+fuzzy logic, respec-tively.

Conclusion:
In our investigation, we used fewer attributes (three), such as clump thickness, mar-ginal adhesion, and Bland chromatin, in the fuzzy logic systems and obtained satisfactory results.
Criticality Analysis of A Sea Port`s Shore Cranes Using Analytic Hierarchy Process Method
Authors: Đelović Deda 
Published: May 2024

Introduction/BackgroundCritical assets are the organizational resources of crucial importance for maintaining operations and achieving the organization's mission. The criticality of organization assets is continuously researched by numerous authors.Ports have critical importance for the global supply chain. Together with the port workforce, port infrastructure, and port superstructure, which are interconnected with the port information system, port machinery enables the functioning of a port.Depending on the characteristics of a port (level of its specialization,etc.), there are various port machinery types used in the cargo handling process, and all of them do not have the same criticality level.In the available literature, no research directly related to the criticality analysis of shore cranes in use at a terminal in a seaport can be found. It was one of the principal initial motives of the author to write this paper.MethodologyAfter an overview of literature sources dealing with assets` criticality analysis and a condensed theoretical consideration of the general importance of ports and port machinery, this paper shows the results of research on the port`s shore cranes‘ criticality ranks, using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. The research included a group of shore cranes at the Dry Bulk Cargo Terminal in the Port of Bar JSC (Montenegro), which consists of three gantry cranes (with a capacity per item of 12 t), two mobile harbor cranes with a capacity of 144 t and 124 t and a ship loader for cereals with a capacity of 300 t/h. Criticality analysis was conducted based on four selection criteria: C1-if the shore crane type is an element of cargo handling technology with priority cargo group; C2-level of hourly productivity; C3-level of operating costs; C4-level of cost generated by shore crane downtime during the loading/unloading process. The AHP hierarchy framework used was a three-level model: “level 0” – goal; “level 1” the – criterion; “level 2” the – choice.Results/DiscussionAccording to the calculated level of criticality based on the defined selection criteria, the highest criticality rank was observed for the mobile harbor crane with a capacity of 144 t, which had the highest rank for three out of four selection criteria.ConclusionThe results of the research can be used as a base for further research studies in this field as well as a reliable base for a very wide range of managerial activities directed to improvements in the maintenance system of shore cranes as well as in the cargo handling system where the cranes are used. As one of the potential purposes of the results, with a high level of importance, their potential usage for introducing, adequate modeling, and implementing the concept of predictive maintenance of shore cranes (with all related benefits) is pointed out.
Adding Virtual Reality Mindful Exposure Therapy to a Cancer Center’s Tobacco Treatment Offerings: Feasibility and Acceptability Single-Group Pilot Study
Authors: Jackson Riley Walton , Cao-Nasalga Ann , Chieng Amy , Pirkl Amy , Jagielo Annemarie D , Xu Cindy , Goldenhersch Emilio , Rosencovich Nicolas , Waitman Cristian , Prochaska Judith J 
Published: May 2024

Background
Smoking contributes to 1 in 3 cancer deaths. At the Stanford Cancer Center, tobacco cessation medication management and counseling are provided as a covered benefit. Patients charted as using tobacco are contacted by a tobacco treatment specialist and offered cessation services. As a novel addition, this study examined the acceptability of a virtual reality (VR) mindful exposure therapy app for quitting smoking called MindCotine.

Objective
The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility and acceptability of offering 6 weeks of MindCotine treatment as a part of Stanford’s Tobacco Treatment Services for patients seen for cancer care.

Methods
As part of a single-group pilot study, the MindCotine VR program was offered to English- or Spanish-speaking patients interested in quitting smoking. Given the visual interface, epilepsy was a medical exclusion. Viewed from a smartphone with an attachable VR headset, MindCotine provides a digital environment with audiovisual content guiding mindfulness exercises (eg, breathing techniques, body awareness, and thought recognition), text-based coaching, and cognitive behavioral therapy-based self-reflections for quitting smoking. Interested patients providing informed consent were mailed a MindCotine headset and asked to use the app for 10+ minutes a day. At the end of 6 weeks, participants completed a feedback survey.

Results
Of the 357 patients reached by the tobacco treatment specialist, 62 (17.3%) were ineligible, 190 (53.2%) were not interested in tobacco treatment services, and 78 (21.8%) preferred other tobacco treatment services. Among the 105 eligible and interested in assistance with quitting, 27 (25.7%) were interested in MindCotine, of whom 20 completed the informed consent, 9 used the program, and 8 completed their end-of-treatment survey. Participants using MindCotine completed, on average, 13 (SD 20.2) program activities, 19 (SD 26) journal records, and 11 (SD 12.3) coaching engagements. Of the 9 participants who used MindCotine, 4 (44%) reported some dizziness with app use that resolved and 7 (78%) would recommend MindCotine to a friend. In total, 2 participants quit tobacco (22.2% reporting, 10% overall), 2 others reduced their smoking by 50% or more, and 2 quit for 24 hours and then relapsed.

Conclusions
In a feasibility and acceptability pilot study of a novel VR tobacco treatment app offered to patients at a cancer center, 4 of 9 (44%) reporting and 4 of 20 (20%) overall substantially reduced or quit using tobacco after 6 weeks and most would recommend the app to others. Further testing on a larger sample is warranted.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05220254; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05220254
Nurses’ Use of mHealth Apps for Chronic Conditions: Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Shiyab Wa'ed , Rolls Kaye , Ferguson Caleb , Halcomb Elizabeth 
Published: May 2024

Background
Mobile health (mHealth) is increasingly used to support public health practice, as it has positive benefits such as enhancing self-efficacy and facilitating chronic disease management. Yet, relatively few studies have explored the use of mHealth apps among nurses, despite their important role in caring for patients with and at risk of chronic conditions.

Objective
The aim of the study is to explore nurses’ use of mHealth apps to support adults with or at risk of chronic conditions and understand the factors that influence technology adoption.

Methods
A web-based cross-sectional survey was conducted between September 2022 and January 2023. The survey was shared via social media and professional nursing organizations to Australian nurses caring for adults with or at risk of chronic conditions.

Results
A total of 158 responses were included in the analysis. More than two-thirds (n=108, 68.4%) of respondents reported that they personally used at least 1 mHealth app. Over half (n=83, 52.5% to n=108, 68.4%) reported they use mHealth apps at least a few times a month for clinical purposes. Logistic regression demonstrated that performance expectancy (P=.04), facilitating condition (P=.05), and personal use of mHealth apps (P=.05) were significantly associated with mHealth app recommendation. In contrast, effort expectancy (P=.09) and social influence (P=.46) did not have a significant influence on whether respondents recommended mHealth apps to patients. The inability to identify the quality of mHealth apps and the lack of access to mobile devices or internet were the most common barriers to mHealth app recommendation.

Conclusions
While nurses use mHealth apps personally, there is potential to increase their clinical application. Given the challenges reported in appraising and assessing mHealth apps, app regulation and upskilling nurses will help to integrate mHealth apps into usual patient care.