bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opposition flow control for reducing skin-friction drag of a turbulent boundary layer
Authors: Dacome Giulio , Mörsch Robin , Kotsonis Marios , Baars Woutijn J. 
Published: June 2024

This work explores the dynamic response of a turbulent boundary layer to large-scale reactive opposition control, at a friction Reynolds number of Reτ≈2240. A surface-mounted hot-film is employed as the input sensor, capturing large-scale fluctuations in the wall-shear stress, and actuation is performed with a single on/off wall-normal blowing jet positioned 2.4δ downstream of the input sensor, operating with an exit velocity of vj=0.4U∞. Our study builds upon the work of Abbassi [] and includes a control-calibration experiment and a performance assessment using PIV- and PTV-based flow field analyses. With the control-off calibration-experiment conducted , a transfer kernel is identified so that the velocity fluctuations that are to-be-controlled can be estimated. The controller targets large-scale high-speed zones in an “opposing” mode and low-speed zones in a “reinforcing” mode. A desynchronized mode was tested for reference and consisted of a statistically similar control mode, but without synchronization to the incoming velocity fluctuations. An energy-attenuation of about 40 % is observed for the opposing control mode in the frequency band corresponding to the passage of large-scale motions. This proves the effectiveness of the control in targeting large-scale motions: an energy-intensification of roughly 45% occurs for the reinforcing control mode instead, while no change in energy, within the wall-normal range targeted, appears with the desynchronized control mode. Moreover, direct measures of the skin-friction drag are inferred from PTV data. Results indicate that the opposing control logic yields the lowest wall-shear stress (3% lower than the desynchronized control, and 10% lower than the uncontrolled flow). Finally, a FIK-decomposition of the skin-friction coefficient revealed that the off-the-wall turbulence follows a consistent trend with the PTV-based wall-shear stress measurements, although biased by an increased shear in the wake of the boundary layer given the formation of a plume due to the jet-in-crossflow actuation.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
The impact of entrepreneurial characteristics and competencies on business performance in the creative industry in Indonesia
Authors: Gunawan Ayumi Fitriani 
Published: June 2024

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of the characteristics and competencies of entrepreneurs on business performance within the creative industry in Indonesia. By creative industry, is refer to market-oriented enterprises that use creativity and intellectual capital to create, produce, distribute and disseminate creative goods and services through media channels.

Design/methodology/approach
This study measured six entrepreneurial characteristics: creative and innovative, risk-taking, need for achievement, leadership, autonomy and proactiveness. In addition, it measured five entrepreneurial competencies: opportunity, strategy, relationship, organization and learning. Data collection was conducted using a questionnaire administered to 294 entrepreneurs operating businesses within the creative industry in Java, Sumatra and Kalimantan, Indonesia.

Findings
The findings of this study demonstrated that entrepreneurial characteristics and competencies had a significantly positive effect on business performance. Creativity and innovation emerged as the most influential characteristics, whereas strategy stood out as the most influential competency.

Originality/value
This study aimed to examine whether the personal qualities of entrepreneurs as identified within conventional industries − specifically their entrepreneurial characteristics and competencies − had an impact on business performance in the creative industry in Indonesia. Conventional industries, unlike creative industries, are characterized by the production and distribution of physical goods or basic services, with less emphasis on creative innovation as the core driver.
The Indus Bakers: recipe for resilience
Authors: Memon Ubedullah , Aziz Qamarunnisa , Arain Nabeela , Zahra Maham , Ali Masroor 
Published: June 2024

Learning outcomes
After reading this case study, the students will be able to analyze an external environment using the PESTLE framework for identifying key factors and assessing their impact on strategic decision-making, evaluate the importance of the company, competitors and customers in strategic decision-making and how the 3Cs model provides useful insights in a competitive environment and get useful insights from PESTLE and the Ansoff matrix for making well-informed strategic growth decisions.

Case overview/synopsis
The Indus Bakers, led by Suresh Kumar, Ajeet Kumar and Kareem Ahmed, faced stagnant sales in Sukkur’s bustling bakery industry. Expanding from Larkana, the bakery grapples with fierce competition from newcomers and home-based bakers. Managers discuss concerns over market shifts and cost constraints, placing Suresh in a pivotal decision-making role. He must decide whether to introduce specialized dietary offerings, set up kiosks at transport hubs, explore local tea culture or target corporate clients. Each path poses challenges and opportunities. As the Indus Bakers stand at this critical juncture, Kumar’s choices will define its role in Sukkur’s evolving bakery landscape, blending tradition with adaptability in a dynamic market.

Complexity academic level
This case study is suitable for teaching the graduates of management sciences, Bachelor of Business Administration and Master of Business Administration programs, particularly in the courses of corporate strategy, marketing management and entrepreneurship. It offers valuable insights to students and helps in strategic decision-making within the business landscape, emphasizing the consideration of both macro and micro environmental factors. This case study equips learners to digest how companies navigate competitive markets and adapt their strategies in response to changing market dynamics. Through exploring the challenges faced by the Indus Bakers and their strategic responses, students can glean practical lessons in corporate strategy, environmental analysis, competitive strategy, market analysis and business resilience. This approach prepares students to tackle real-world business scenarios, fostering critical thinking and strategic acumen essential for future business leaders.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS 11: Strategy.
Fail forward: the relationship between innovation failure and breakthrough innovation in the context of knowledge- based capabilities
Authors: Hu Siyuan , Gong Hong , Li Shuai 
Published: June 2024

PurposeThis study aims to explore the impact mechanism of the degree of innovation failure on breakthrough innovation in Chinese listed companies, and examines the moderating effect of the company’s own knowledge-based capabilities.Design/methodology/approachBased on organizational learning theory and using the innovation failure data of invention patents from Chinese A-share listed companies on the main board from 2003 to 2017 as research samples, this study constructs and examines a comprehensive framework and its impact on breakthrough innovation regarding “what kind of innovation failure will promote breakthrough innovation”, focusing on innovation failure, enterprise knowledge base, and breakthrough innovation.FindingsEmpirical research has found a U-shaped relationship between innovation failure and breakthrough innovation. In other words, both a low level of failure and an extremely high level of failure can significantly promote breakthrough innovation in enterprises. Furthermore, when the depth of enterprise knowledge is high, it further strengthens the non-linear relationship between innovation failure and breakthrough innovation.Originality/valueThe research results enrich the study of the failure predicament and breakthrough innovation of Chinese technology innovation enterprises, revealing effective paths for Chinese technology innovation enterprises to get rid of the passive situation of innovation failure, and providing theoretical support and practical reference for “breaking new ground and achieving breakthrough innovation”.
Livelihood resilience among street hawkers during Covid-19 lockdown in the Awutu Senya East Municipality, Ghana
Authors: Poku Adjoa Afriyie , Sarkodie Kofi , Mensah Joe , Sam-Mensah Richard , Quayson Jesse Jones , Poku Kwasi 
Published: June 2024

PurposeThe study assesses the livelihood resilience strategies among street hawkers during COVID-19 lockdown in the Awutu Senya East Municipality in Ghana.Design/methodology/approachUsing the explanatory case study approach, 12 participants (hawkers) were sampled with the aid of the purposive and convenience sampling techniques. An interview guide was used to collect data.FindingsThe study found that street hawking business, prior to the COVID-19 lockdown was a lucrative venture. The COVID-19 lockdown however had mental, psychological and economic effects on the street hawkers in ASEM causing stress, anxiety. loneliness, loss of business capital, and loss of jobs. Hawkers nevertheless demonstrated resilience in their psychological well-being by adopting strategies such as patronizing digital/social media platforms for funny content and entertainment. Hawkers also showed economic resilience through selling products on digital/social media platforms, relied on personal savings, received social support from family members and religious bodies. Government policies and interventions in the form of free water and electricity played a crucial role in building resilience of street hawkers during the COVID-19 lockdown.Practical implicationsThe study shows that hawking is a vital avenue for entrepreneurial engagement reducing barriers to entry in formal trading, hence should be considered as key economic venture in the country’s economy. Again, the findings of the study deepen the understanding of stakeholders on the effects of COVID-19 on the psychological and economic life of street hawkers and offers insights into managing both psychosocial and financial stress during crises, emphasizing the potential benefits of resilient strategies for more effective crisis management. The study findings provide insights for government and policymakers on the experiences and coping mechanisms of the vulnerable groups and communities, particularly hawkers during the pandemic.Originality/valueThe study qualitatively assesses the psychological and economic effects of the COVID-19 lockdown and the livelihood resilience strategies employed by street hawkers during the COVID-19 lockdown in ASEM, Ghana.
Discovery and analysis of global studies trend on digital transformation strategy: exploring challenges and opportunities
Authors: Khoshroo Mina , Talari Mohammad 
Published: June 2024

PurposeWith the advent of transformational and digital technologies, companies are striving to integrate digital transformation strategy (DTS) into their business models to stay competitive. However, in many cases, the implementation of DTS fails because managers lack knowledge about the opportunities and challenges associated with this strategy.Design/methodology/approachFirst, a bibliometric analysis was conducted with data related to DTS from the Scopus database for the period 2011–2023 to identify scientific trends in the field of DTS. Subsequently, 2,363 documents were collected and analyzed using Vosviewer software. Finally, the opportunities and challenges within the field of DTS were identified as one of the latest trends through a meta-synthesis method.FindingsThe findings of this research highlight the current scientific trends in the field of DTS. Also, the challenges of implementing the DTS are lack of instructions and rules, financial weakness, lack of alignment, inappropriate organizational structure, lack of digital organizational culture, challenges related to employees, lack of a digital leader and cyber threats. In addition, DTS implementation opportunities can be divided into three groups: improving customer experience, improving business processes and strategic renewal and creation of new business models.Originality/valueThe present research introduces two key innovations. The first is to offer a summary of prior research in the field of DTS. The second is identifying the opportunities and challenges associated with adopting this strategy, which is one of the latest trends.
Restoring frequent fire to dry conifer forests delays the decline of subalpine forests in the southwest United States under projected climate
Authors: Remy Cécile C. , Krofcheck Dan J. , Keyser Alisa R. , Hurteau Matthew D. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

In southwestern US forests, the combined impact of climate change and increased fuel loads due to more than a century of human‐caused fire exclusion is leading to larger and more severe wildfires. Restoring frequent fire to dry conifer forests can mitigate high‐severity fire risk, but the effects of these treatments on the vegetation composition and structure under projected climate change remain uncertain.

We used a forest landscape model to assess the impact of thinning and prescribed burns in dry conifer forests across an elevation gradient, encompassing low‐elevation pinyon‐juniper woodlands, mid‐elevation ponderosa pine and high‐elevation mixed‐conifer forests.

Our results demonstrated that the treatments decreased the probability of high‐severity fires by 42% in the study area. At low elevation, the treatments did not prevent loss in forest cover and biomass with decreases in Pinus edulis and Juniperus monosperma abundances. At mid‐elevation, changes in fire effects maintained a greater diversity of tree species by favouring the maintenance of cohorts of old trees, in particular Pinus ponderosa which accumulated 5.41 Mg ha−1 more above‐ground biomass than without treatments by late‐century. Treatments in dry conifer forests modified fire effects beyond the treated area, resulting in increased cover and biomass of old Picea englemannii and Abies lasiocarpa cohorts.

Synthesis and applications: Our findings indicate that thinning and prescribed burning can enhance tree species diversity in dry conifer forests by protecting old cohorts from stand‐replacing fires. Moreover, our results suggest that treatments mainly implemented in dry pine forests with high risk of high‐severity fires can be beneficial for subalpine species conservation by reducing the chance that high‐severity fire at mid‐elevation is transmitted into high‐elevation forest.
ABHD5 regulates midgut‐specific lipid homeostasis in Bombyx mori
Authors: Xing Zhiping , Zhang Yuting , Kang Hongxia , Dong Hui , Zhu Dalin , Liu Yutong , Sun Chenxin , Guo Peilin , Hu Bo , Tan Anjiang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLipids are an important energy source and are utilized as substrates for various physiological processes in insects. Comparative gene identification 58 (CGI‐58), also known as α/β hydrolase domain‐containing 5 (ABHD5), is a highly conserved and multifunctional gene involved in regulating lipid metabolism and cellular energy balance in many organisms. However, the biological functions of ABHD5 in insects are poorly understood. In the current study, we describe the identification and characterization of the ABHD5 gene in the lepidopteran model insect, Bombyx mori. The tissue expression profile investigated using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) reveals that BmABHD5 is widely expressed in all tissues, with particularly high levels found in the midgut and testis. A binary transgenic CRISPR/Cas9 system was employed to conduct a functional analysis of BmABHD5, with the mutation of BmABHD5 leading to the dysregulation of lipid metabolism and excessive lipid accumulation in the larval midgut. Histological and physiological analysis further reveals a significant accumulation of lipid droplets in the midgut of mutant larvae. RNA‐seq and RT‐qPCR analysis showed that genes related to metabolic pathways were significantly affected by the absence of BmABHD5. Altogether, our data prove that BmABHD5 plays an important role in regulating tissue‐specific lipid metabolism in the silkworm midgut.
The Sporting Paper and the Culture of Popular Conservatism in Edwardian Britain*
Authors: Cocks H.G. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLate‐Victorian and Edwardian Popular Conservatism is now mainly seen as a cultural‐ideological form, and this article aims to reconstruct one aspect of this ethos by focusing on the use of sport, especially horse racing, as a means of political differentiation and a method of attracting a new mass electorate to the Tory cause. The sporting paper focusing on horse racing was one way of doing this. Weeklies like the Sporting Times and the Winning Post tried to sell high Tory ideals to a mass electorate and thereby to knit together an older aristocratic party with newer urban, white‐collar, and working‐class voters. The political outgrowth of this element of popular conservatism was the Sporting League (established 1894) and also the later National Sporting League (1905). Both of these organisations took aim at Radical Liberals, and especially their attempt to restrict betting, and did so by exerting pressure at national and local elections from 1895 to 1914. Some of those involved with the Sporting Leagues and the racing paper became Conservative candidates. Although it is difficult to estimate the actual electoral impact of both Sporting Leagues, they nevertheless created a political style that might have a broad appeal, especially to a white‐collar class and working people.
The Status Importance Scale: Development and validation of a self‐report questionnaire for measuring how much people care about status
Authors: Rigoli Francesco , Mirolli Marco 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAlthough substantial research indicates that considerations about status can lead to anxiety and other negative outcomes, a valid measure of the importance individuals attribute to status is lacking. This paper introduces the Status Importance Scale (SIS), a mono‐factorial 10‐item self‐report questionnaire that quantifies how important a person deems status to be. Five studies validate the scale showing that it has excellent internal reliability and acceptable test–retest reliability, it correlates with several related measures (supporting convergent validity), it shows little correlation with theoretically unrelated constructs (supporting discriminant validity), it is the best predictor of conspicuous consumption compared with other potential candidates (supporting concurrent validity), and it can help predicting which activities one gives importance to (further supporting concurrent validity). Finally, as hypothesized by previous literature, the last study reveals that the SIS can predict status anxiety. The SIS can contribute to research regarding important phenomena such as the detrimental psychological effects of income inequality.
InverseVis: Revealing the Hidden with Curved Sphere Tracing
Authors: Lawonn Kai , Meuschke Monique , Günther Tobias 
Published: June 2024

AbstractExploratory analysis of scalar fields on surface meshes presents significant challenges in identifying and visualizing important regions, particularly on the surface's backside. Previous visualization methods achieved only a limited visibility of significant features, i.e., regions with high or low scalar values, during interactive exploration. In response to this, we propose a novel technique, InverseVis, which leverages curved sphere tracing and uses the otherwise unused space to enhance visibility. Our approach combines direct and indirect rendering, allowing camera rays to wrap around the surface and reveal information from the backside. To achieve this, we formulate an energy term that guides the image synthesis in previously unused space, highlighting the most important regions of the backside. By quantifying the amount of visible important features, we optimize the camera position to maximize the visibility of the scalar field on both the front and backsides. InverseVis is benchmarked against state‐of‐the‐art methods and a derived technique, showcasing its effectiveness in revealing essential features and outperforming existing approaches.
Instantaneous Visual Analysis of Blood Flow in Stenoses Using Morphological Similarity
Authors: Eulzer P. , Richter K. , Hundertmark A. , Wickenhöfer R. , Klingner C.M. , Lawonn K. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe emergence of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) enabled the simulation of intricate transport processes, including flow in physiological structures, such as blood vessels. While these so‐called hemodynamic simulations offer groundbreaking opportunities to solve problems at the clinical forefront, a successful translation of CFD to clinical decision‐making is challenging. Hemodynamic simulations are intrinsically complex, time‐consuming, and resource‐intensive, which conflicts with the time‐sensitive nature of clinical workflows and the fact that hospitals usually do not have the necessary resources or infrastructure to support CFD simulations. To address these transfer challenges, we propose a novel visualization system which enables instant flow exploration without performing on‐site simulation. To gain insights into the viability of the approach, we focus on hemodynamic simulations of the carotid bifurcation, which is a highly relevant arterial subtree in stroke diagnostics and prevention. We created an initial database of 120 high‐resolution carotid bifurcation flow models and developed a set of similarity metrics used to place a new carotid surface model into a neighborhood of simulated cases with the highest geometric similarity. The neighborhood can be immediately explored and the flow fields analyzed. We found that if the artery models are similar enough in the regions of interest, a new simulation leads to coinciding results, allowing the user to circumvent individual flow simulations. We conclude that similarity‐based visual analysis is a promising approach toward the usability of CFD in medical practice.
Associations of upper‐ and lower‐limb muscle strength, mass, and quality with health‐related quality of life in community‐dwelling older adults
Authors: da Costa Pereira Jarson Pedro , Freire Yuri Alberto , da Silva Alana Monteiro Bispo , de Lucena Alves Charles Phillipe , de Melo Silva Raíssa , Câmara Marcyo , Browne Rodrigo Alberto Vieira , Costa Eduardo Caldas , Trussardi Fayh Ana Paula 
Published: June 2024

AimThis study aimed to investigate the associations between upper‐ and lower‐limb muscle strength, mass, and quality and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) among community‐dwelling older adults.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted with 428 Brazilian community‐dwelling older adults aged 60 to 80 years. Upper‐ and lower‐limb muscle strength were evaluated through the handgrip strength (HGS) test and the 30‐s chair stand test, respectively. Muscle mass was assessed by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Muscle quality was evaluated using the muscle quality index (MQI). HRQoL was assessed using the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version questionnaire.ResultsLower‐limb, but not upper‐limb, muscle strength and quality were independently associated with HRQoL, particularly within the domains of physical capacity, environment, and overall HRQoL for both males and females (P < 0.05). DXA‐ and BIA‐derived analyses provided similar results in relation to muscle mass and muscle quality.ConclusionsLower‐limb, but not upper‐limb, muscle strength and quality were independently associated with HRQoL among community‐dwelling older adults. Moreover, the results obtained from both BIA and DXA were similar, highlighting that BIA can serve as a viable surrogate method for estimating body composition in resource‐limited clinical settings. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 683–692.