bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indicators of pretreatment suicidal ideation in adults with major depressive disorder
Authors: Morris D. W. , Trivedi M. H. , Husain M. M. , Fava M. , Budhwar N. , Wisniewski S. R. , Miyahara S. , Gollan J. K. , Davis L. L. , Daly E. J. , Rush A. J. 
Published: December 2009

Morris DW, Trivedi MH, Husain MM, Fava M, Budhwar N, Wisniewski SR, Miyahara S, Gollan JK, Davis LL, Daly EJ, Rush AJ. Indicators of pretreatment suicidal ideation in adults with major depressive disorder.Objective:  In order to evaluate the presence of treatment emergent suicidal ideation (SI), it becomes necessary to identify those patients with SI at the onset of treatment. The purpose of this report is to identify sociodemographic and clinical features that are associated with SI in major depressive disorder (MDD) patients prior to treatment with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.Method:  This multisite study enrolled 265 out‐patients with non‐psychotic MDD. Sociodemographic and clinical features of participants with and without SI were compared post hoc.Results:  Social phobia, bulimia nervosa, number of past depressive episodes, and race were independently associated with SI by one or more SI measure.Conclusion:  Concurrent social phobia and bulimia nervosa may be potential risk factors for SI in patients with non‐psychotic MDD. Additionally, patients with more than one past depressive episode may also be at increased risk of SI.
Do bone grafts or barrier membranes provide additional treatment effects for infrabony lesions treated with enamel matrix derivatives? A network meta‐analysis of randomized‐controlled trials
Authors: Tu Yu‐Kang , Woolston Andrew , Faggion Clovis Mariano 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackground/Aim: Network meta‐analyses of randomized‐controlled trials were undertaken to investigate whether enamel matrix derivatives (EMD) in conjunction with other regenerative materials yield better treatment outcomes than EMD alone in the treatment of infrabony defects ≥3 mm.Material and Methods: A literature search was conducted using the Medline, EMBASE, LILACS and CENTRAL databases up to and including December 2008. Treatment outcomes were changes in probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL) and infrabony defect depth. Different types of bone grafts (or barrier membranes) were first treated as a group and then separately.Results: Twenty‐eight studies were included in the review. EMD plus bone grafts and EMD plus membranes attained 0.24 mm [95% high probability density (HPD) intervals: −0.38, 0.65] and 0.07 mm (95% HPD intervals: −1.26, 1.04) more PPD reduction than EMD alone, respectively. For CAL gain, EMD plus bone grafts and EMD plus membranes attained 0.46 mm (95% HPD intervals: −0.17, 0.83) and 0.15 mm (95% HPD intervals: −1.37, 0.30), respectively. When different types of bone grafts and barrier membranes were treated separately, EMD with bovine bone grafts showed greater treatment effects.Conclusion: There was little evidence to support the additional benefits of EMD in conjunction with other regenerative materials.
Pro‐inflammatory biomarkers during experimental gingivitis in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a proof‐of‐concept study
Authors: Salvi Giovanni E. , Franco Lea M. , Braun Thomas M. , Lee Angie , Rutger Persson Gösta , Lang Niklaus P. , Giannobile William V. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAim: To compare gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) biomarker levels and microbial distribution in plaque biofilm (SP) samples for subjects with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) versus healthy subjects without diabetes during experimental gingivitis (EG).Materials and Methods: A total of nine T1DM patients and nine healthy controls of age and gender similar to the T1DM patients were monitored for 35 days during EG. Hygiene practices were stopped for 3 weeks, and GCF, SP, plaque index (PI) and gingival index were determined. IL‐1β, IL‐8, MMP‐8 and MMP‐9 were quantified by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and SP samples were assessed by DNA–DNA hybridization for a panel of 40 subgingival microbial species.Results: IL‐1β levels in T1DM patients were elevated compared with healthy individuals, and showed differences between groups at 7–21 days while healthy patients showed IL‐1β increases from baseline to 14–21 days (p<0.05). Differences were observed in MMP‐9 levels between patients with and without T1DM at 7–14 days (p<0.05). Orange complex species and PI measurements displayed a superior correlation with biomarker levels when compared with other complexes or clinical measurements during EG.Conclusions: The mean GCF biomarker levels for IL‐1β and MMP‐8 were most significantly elevated in T1DM subjects compared with healthy individuals during EG, not resulting from differences in the mean PI or microbial composition.
Deep multi-frequency radio imaging in the Lockman Hole — II. The spectral index of submillimetre galaxies
Authors: Ibar Edo , Ivison R. J. , Best P. N. , Coppin K. , Pope A. , Smail Ian , Dunlop J. S. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
We have employed the Giant Metre-wave Radio Telescope and the Very Large Array to map the Lockman Hole. At 610 and 1400 MHz, we reach noise levels of 15 and 6 μJy beam−1, respectively, with well-matched resolutions (∼5 arcsec). At this depth, we obtained reliable detections for about half of the known sub-mm galaxies (SMGs) in the field. For radio-identified SMGs, which are typically at z ∼ 2, we measure a mean radio spectral index of α1400610 = −0.75 ± 0.06 (where Sν∝να) and standard deviation of 0.29, between approximate rest-frame frequencies of 1.8 and 4.2 GHz. The slope of their continuum emission is indistinguishable from that of local star-forming galaxies and suggests that extended optically thin synchrotron emission dominates the radio output of SMGs. Cooling effects by synchrotron emission and Inverse Compton scattering off the cosmic microwave background do not seem to affect their radio spectral energy distributions. For those SMGs judged by Spitzer mid-infrared colours and spectroscopy to host obscured active galactic nuclei (AGN), we find a clear deviation from the rest of the sample – they typically have steeper radio spectral indices, α1400610 ≲ −1.0. These findings suggest these mid-IR-/AGN-selected SMGs may have an intrinsically different injection mechanism for relativistic particles, or they might reside in denser environments. This work provides a reliable spectral template for the estimation of far-IR/radio photometric redshifts, and will enable accurate statistical K-corrections for the large samples of SMGs expected with SCUBA-2 and Herschel.
EVALUATION OF MONOSTAPH PLUS IN COMPARISON TO TWO OTHER LATEX AGGLUTINATION TESTS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS
Authors: SØRUM MARIT , SKOV ROBERT 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACT Three latex agglutination kits for rapid identification of Staphylococcus aureus were compared by testing a selection of isolates, which included methicillin resistant S. aureus, methicillin sensitive S. aureus and a diverse selection of coagulase‐negative staphylococci. The sensitivities of Monostaph Plus (Bionor Laboratories, Skien, Norway), Pastorex Plus (Bio‐Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA) and Staphaurex Plus (Oxoid, Cambridge, UK) were 98.5, 98.3 and 98.3% respectively, and the specificities were 97.5, 97.0 and 96.5%, respectively. None of the kits detected Staphylococcus lugdunensis correctly. This evaluation shows that the Monostaph Plus agglutination kit performs well and comparable to Pastorex Staph‐Plus and Staphaurex Plus.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSLatex agglutination kits are very useful in the routine identification of Staphylococcus aureus, but can occasionally give false‐positive or false‐negative results. Knowledge of how the various available kits are performing is, therefore, very important when selecting a kit for use. Correct identification of S. aureus is important, especially in relation to methicillin‐resistant S. aureus, since other staphylococci species are known to carry the methicillin‐resistance determinant mecA, but are of less clinical importance. This study is the first study comparing an improved version of the Monstaph‐Plus kit with other latex agglutination kits, and provides new data about this kit.
PRODUCTION OF SHIGA‐LIKE TOXINS BY ESCHERICHIA COLI O157 : H7: EFFECTS OF OTHER BACTERIA AND ANALOGS OF QUORUM SENSING MOLECULES
Authors: TU SHU‐I. , UKNALIS JOSEPH , PAOLI GEORGE , HE YIPING , GEHRING ANDREW 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACT Accompanied with the growth of Escherichia coli O157 : H7, there was a production of Shiga‐like toxins by this pathogenic bacterium. Time‐course studies indicated that the accumulation of toxins in the medium occurred mainly at the stationary phase of cell growth. The growth of E. coli O157 : H7 in culture media was not significantly affected by the presence of other bacteria, e.g., E. coli K‐12, E. coli B6, Salmonella and Pseudomonas, even at high ratios. However, the production of Shiga‐like toxins by E. coli O157 : H7 could be reduced by certain other bacteria, e.g., E. coli K‐12, Pseudomonas aeruginosa but not Pseudomonas putida. These lowering effects by other background bacteria on the toxin production were also observed in experiments using regular and irradiated ground beef. The presence of analogs of quorum‐sensing molecules such as homoserine lactone (HSL) and indole, in general decreased the production of toxins by E. coli O157 : H7. This decrease could be partially reversed by the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics. The complex nature of the control of Shiga toxin production is discussed.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe toxic effects of pathogenic bacterium E. coli O157 : H7 are related to the production of Shiga‐like toxins by the pathogen. Current studies on the influence of environmental factors such as cell density, presence of other bacteria, chemicals and food components indicated a complex influence on the production of Shiga‐like toxins by E. coli O157 : H7. The observation that the presence of certain other bacteria could lower the ability of E. coli O157 : H7 to produce the toxins was of particular interest. The analyses of the results suggested several practical possibilities to lower the production of the toxins, and thus, the health risk of the pathogen to the general public.
SIMPLE AND RAPID METHOD FOR DETECTING FOODBORNE SHIGELLA BY A LOOP‐MEDIATED ISOTHERMAL AMPLIFICATION
Authors: LI SULONG , ZHANG XINBO , WANG DEGUO , KUANG YANYUN , XU YIGANG 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACT A novel method was developed and evaluated for detecting Shigella by a loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) in this paper. Specific primers were specially designed and selected for recognizing seven distinct sequences of ipaH gene, which was performed only by Shigella. The sensitivity of the LAMP assay was 43 cfu/mL, approximately equal to that of real‐time polymerase chain reaction assay. The LAMP assay developed in this study is specific, sensitive and suitable for the detection of foodborne Shigella.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONThe LAMP method reported here provided a powerful tool for detection of foodborne Shigella due to its specificity, sensitivity and rapidity.
LOOP‐MEDIATED ISOTHERMAL AMPLIFICATION – AN ASSAY FOR THE DETECTION OF ATYPICAL FURUNCULOSIS CAUSED BY AEROMONAS SALMONICIDA IN ATLANTIC COD, GADUS MORHUA
Authors: KULKARNI AMOD , CAIPANG CHRISTOPHER MARLOWE A. , BRINCHMANN MONICA F. , KORSNES KJETIL , KIRON VISWANATH 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACT A loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)‐based assay was developed for the detection of atypical furunculosis, caused by Aeromonas salmonicida in Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua. Gene gyrB encoding the B subunit of DNA gyrase present in the pathogen was selected for designing five sets of primers targeting the flanking regions of the gene. The primers were specific for the detection of A. salmonicida with no cross reactions to other bacterial pathogens commonly infecting Atlantic cod, e.g., Vibrio anguillarum, Francisella piscicida, Yersinia ruckeri and some endogenous bacteria found in the gut of Atlantic cod. The detection limit of the assay was 1 picogram of bacterial DNA mL−1, whereas there was a decrease in detection limit by 1 log dilution in the presence of mucus as inhibitor. Because of its specificity and sensitivity, LAMP can be considered a useful tool in routine surveillance programs in aquaculture systems for monitoring atypical furunculosis in Atlantic cod and other marine species.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSLAMP is a potential diagnostic technique that can be used for the rapid and early detection of atypical Aeromonas salmonicida, the causative agent of furunculosis in Atlantic cod. This technique does not require sophisticated equipment and can be performed under isothermal conditions. The assay is highly sensitive to enable detection of the pathogen prior to the onset of infection, thus, mitigating measures can be applied to prevent heavy losses of the cultured stock.
POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION‐BASED ASSAYS FOR THE DETECTION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF POULTRY SIGNIFICANT PSEUDOMONADS
Authors: HANNING IRENE , JARQUIN ROBIN , O'LEARY AWILDA , SLAVIK MICHAEL 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTPseudomonas genus‐specific primers targeting the 16s rRNA gene were used in a real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for rapid analysis of Pseudomonas isolated from retail chicken carcasses. A multiplex PCR assay was also designed using specific primers targeting the gyrase B sub‐unit gene to rapidly distinguish between several species of poultry significant Pseudomonads. The assays were used to evaluate the species and level of spoilage Pseudomonads on raw chicken carcasses over an 8‐day storage period. No Pseudomonas were detected on the chicken carcasses until 4 days after storage using culturing and plating techniques, but the PCR‐based assays developed in this research were more sensitive and detected Pseudomonas in carcass rinses performed immediately after processing. With the multiplex PCR assay, it was determined that most of the Pseudomonas spoilage was because of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas fragi.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSEconomic losses as a result of spoilage are estimated between 5 and 17 billion dollars annually. In the poultry industry, the Pseudomonads not only cause the majority of this spoilage, but are also primary biofilm formers which may harbor and spread pathogens. Currently, only biochemical assays are available in the food industry for detection and differentiation of Pseudomonads. However, biochemical assays require 5 days for results, are limited to detection of a few species, and often produce erroneous results. The PCR assays developed in this work can reduce detection time to a few hours. Furthermore, these nucleic acid‐based assays have the potential to simplify the identification process, reduce food spoilage and foodborne illness, and speed the diagnosis of ill birds.
MODIFICATION OF FUNG DOUBLE TUBE AND CP ANASELECT OXYPLATE METHODS TO IMPROVE THEIR PERFORMANCE IN ENUMERATING CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS FROM SEWAGE AND ENVIRONMENTAL WATERS
Authors: VIJAYAVEL KANNAPPAN , FUNG DANIEL Y.C. , FUJIOKA ROGER S. 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACT The Fung Double Tube (FDT) and the newly developed CP AnaSelect Oxyplates methods can enumerate concentrations of Clostridium perfringens without need for external anaerobic generating systems. Because Clostridium perfringens is a reliable indicator of fecal contamination and it is one of the fastest growing fecal bacteria, these two methods were evaluated as feasible methods to screen recreational waters for sewage contamination. To increase the sensitivity and selectivity of these methods, three modifications were evaluated. The first modification was to pretreat the water samples using a microwave oven to attain high temperature (70C) for a short time (2.5 min) to reduce the interfering growth of non‐C. perfringens colonies on the selective media. The second modification was the addition of phosphatase reaction, thus enumerated colonies could be confirmed as C. perfringens. The third modification was to increase the sample volume for the FDT test from 5 to 10 mL/tube. The data collected showed that these modifications improved the selectivity and sensitivity of these two methods to enumerate C. perfringens from sewage‐contaminated water samples as well as environmental water samples such as streams, harbors, canals and coastal swimming beaches. The recovery efficiencies of the FDT and experimental CP AnaSelect Oxyplate for C. perfringens were similar to traditionally used membrane C. perfringens, tryptose sulfite cycloserine and Shahidi Ferguson perfringens agar media by membrane filtration technology, followed by incubation in anaerobic chambers. These results show that the modified FDT and CP AnaSelect Oxyplate methods are feasible and reliable methods to monitor environmental waters for C. perfringens. The FDT method is especially promising because it is simple, inexpensive and can produce results in 5–6 h.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Clostridium perfringens is currently being evaluated as a reliable indicator of sewage contamination in recreational waters. However, traditional methods to assay for C. perfringens are expensive and cumbersome because of the need for external anaerobic generating systems. In addition, target colonies must be confirmed by a second test. In this study, two methods are described, with capabilities to self‐generate anaerobic conditions and to immediately confirm the target colonies as C. perfringens. Moreover, one of the methods meets the difficult criterion of obtaining results in 6 h so decision on closing the beach can be reached on the same day the beach water sample is tested. Since these two methods are feasible and reliable, it will encourage many laboratories to assay their recreational waters for C. perfringens and a national database to determine the quality of recreational waters based on concentrations of C. perfringens can be developed.
APPLICATION OF ORGANIC ACIDS FOR TEXTURE MODIFICATION OF OCTOPUS (OCTOPUS VULGARIS) MUSCLE
Authors: KATSANIDIS EUGENIOS , AGRAFIOTI PARASKEVOULA T. 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTThe effect of using organic acids to tenderize octopus (Octopus vulgaris) muscle during heat processing was investigated. They can decrease the stability and increase the solubility of the collagen that is responsible for the toughness of the octopus muscle. Acetic, lactic or citric acid was added at 0.05 and 0.1 M levels during the heat processing of octopus. Toughness was assessed by measuring the force required for a 2‐mm probe to fully penetrate a 5‐mm thick mantle muscle segment using a TA‐XT2i texture analyzer. Addition of the organic acids resulted in significant tenderization compared with the untreated control. No difference in the tenderizing effect of acetic, lactic and citric acids was observed. Differences in the cooking yield of the octopus were observed to be caused by the lowering of the pH of the muscle by the citric acid.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe effect of the application of organic acids on octopus muscle was investigated. Based on the results of the study, application of acetic or lactic acid in low concentrations can significantly reduce toughness of octopus muscle and, thus, decrease the duration of the heat processing required to achieve the desired texture, without compromising the yield of the processed product and, thus resulting in significant cost and energy savings.
EFFECT OF NaCl AND WATER CONTENT ON EXPANSION AND COLOR OF CASSAVA AND POTATO STARCHES ON BAKING
Authors: FARAHNAKY A. , MAJZOOBI M. , SHOJAEI Z.A. 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACT Due to the importance of the role of NaCl in starch‐based systems, the effect of NaCl and water content on specific volume, color parameters and moisture loss of cassava and potato starches was studied and response surface methodology was used to find and estimate any nonlinearity between the parameters under study. Glass transition (Tg) is one of the main factors determining the quality parameters of toasted and baked samples. Therefore, Tg of two starch systems (cassava and potato) at low water levels (<20%) as affected by NaCl and water content was investigated. Using experimental modeling, equations were obtained to relate expansion, color change and moisture loss of baked samples to salt level and water content. Differential scanning calorimetry‐measured Tg showed that NaCl had negative impact on glass/rubber transition temperature of starch–salt mixtures compared with the samples without NaCl. This could have practical implications in baking, toasting and extrusion processing of starch‐based systems.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONDue to concerns over health‐related issues of high intake of salt by the consumers, recently, the reduction of salt in different food products has become the focus of many industrial projects, conferences and workshops. In breakfast cereals, other than starch type, other added ingredients such as sugar and salt can have profound effects on the physical characteristics of final products. The inclusion of salt in breakfast cereals has some important technological roles, e.g., structure formation and flavor and color generation. Salt plays a key role in the expansion of low‐moisture extruded starch‐based products. Using the findings of this paper, one may quantify the effects of salt level on expansion and color of baked, toasted or extruded starch‐based cereal products and relate the changes to the glass rubber transition of the system.
Is Growth in Land‐based Wealth Sustaining Part‐time Farming? L’augmentation de la valeur du patrimoine foncier soutient‐ elle l’agriculture à temps partiel ? Fördert der Wohlstand durch Bodenwerterhöhung Nebenerwerbslandwirte?
Authors: Jack Claire G. , Moss Joan E. , Wallace Michael T. 
Published: December 2009

SummaryIs Growth in Land‐based Wealth Sustaining Part‐time Farming?Small‐scale farm holdings in many EU countries have shown remarkable resilience in the face of declining real farm incomes and a widening gap between farm and non‐farm earnings. This article examines the extent to which favourable off‐farm labour market conditions coupled with growth in land values has contributed to the observed resilience of small‐scale family farms. Using Northern Ireland data, our analysis indicates that farm household behaviour is influenced not just by current farm income, but also expected capital asset returns. Increased wealth, associated with continuing land ownership, gives rise to the proposition that the link between off‐farm incomes, increased land values and remaining in farming may be associated with farmers pursuing wealth maximizing objectives, whilst still maintaining a rural way of life. In this context, the capitalization of agricultural support payments into land values, under successive CAP reforms, has encouraged farmers to hold land back from the market in expectation of future gains. In addition, preferential tax arrangements in the treatment of land also impede adjustment. Alongside increased wealth through land ownership the study confirms off‐farm sources of income and, in particular, income from off‐farm employment, as being of paramount importance in ensuring the sustainability of small farms.