bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The development of a diagnostic gene chip for detecting five kinds of viruses in horses
Authors: Lai-hua Zhu , Cheng-zhu Liang , Cheng-ping Lu , Hua Wu , Yuan-jie Yang , Feng-zhong Ma , Shu-feng Wang , Hong-guang Yu 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe highly conserved DNAs of Equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1), Equine arteritis virus (EAV), Equine influenza virus (EIV), Equine infectious anaemia virus (EIAV) and Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus (EEEV) were acquired by molecular cloning, and spotted on the diagnostic gene chip. The cDNAs reverse-transcribed from RNAs of samples were labelled with Cy5-dUTP/Cy3-dUTP as fluorescent probes. Following specific hybridization of the deposited gene chip and labelled probes, fluorescence signals were scanned by laser scanner and the resulting image was analysed by QiamtArray software on a digital computer. The results showed that the prepared gene chip could detect and distinguish the five equine viruses. Its sensitivity was about 25 viral genome copies. The hybridization specificity was confirmed by the presence of red fluorescence signals on the corresponding sites with samples from the five relevant viruses in horses and by the absence of positive signals with the specimens from irrelevant viruses from other animals. Peripheral blood leucocytes (PBL) from some seropositive horses in post-arrival quarantine were negative according to virus isolation, but were positive for EHV-1 and EAV according to the gene chip technique. The overall results suggest that gene chips, which are quick, specific, sensitive and reliable, can provide a practical alternative for screening quarantined animals, and will be able to deal with a large number of animal samples within a very short period of time.
Expression ofvip2A(c) gene fromBacillus thuringiensisin insect cells
Authors: Yong-Xia Shi , Lei Lv , Wei Xu , Mei-Jin Yuan , Yi Pang 
Published: September 2011

AbstractRecombinant Bac-GV2 DNA was obtained by inserting a fusedgfpgene with theBacillus thuringiensis vip2A(c) gene encoding a possible enzymatic component under the control of the polyhedrin gene promoter of the baculovirusAutographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus(AcMNPV). TheTrichoplusia nicell line TnHi5 was transfected with Bac-GFP and Bac-GV2 DNAs respectively. Fluorescent cells expressing the fusion protein GV2 were much fewer than those expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) alone, and did not obviously increase in number from 2 to 5 days after transfection. This result showed that the Vip2A fusion protein might have an ADP-ribosylating activity on cell skeleton actin, exerting an influence on the production and diffusion of the budded virus from insect cells.
Analysis of microsatellite DNA markers of OarHH35 and BMS2508 in four goat breeds
Authors: Xu-Xiang Ouyang , Qi-Shun Si , Sheng-Qiang Huang , Zao-Fu Deng , He -Xiang Liu , De-Shi He , Sheng-Guo Tan , Shu-Guang Hu 
Published: September 2011

AbstractTwo microsatellite markers OarHH35 and BMS2508, closely associated with high levels of reproduction in sheep, were analysed for polymorphisms in Xiangdong black goat, Nanjiang brown goat, Guizhou black goat and Boer goat. The number of alleles for OarHH35 was 11, 8, 7 and 10, respectively, in the four goat breeds. That for BMS2508 was 9, 5, 6 and 7. The polymorphic information content (PIC) values for OarHH35/BMS2508 in the above-mentioned goats were respectively 0.8294/0.8047, 0.8399/0.6894, 0.7985/0.6910 and 0.8582/0.7688. By analysing the dominant effect of the two microsatellite markers on litter size of Xiangdong black goat, it was shown that microsatellite markers BMS2508 and OarHH35 significantly influenced (P<0.05) litter size of goats. At the OarHH35 locus, the least squares means (LSM) of genotype 135/135 bp was the highest (3.67 number born/litter). Moreover, LSM of genotypes 123/135 bp and 125/125 bp also reached 3.00 kids born/litter, indicating that alleles 135 bp and 125 bp exerted a significant positive effect on the litter size in Xiangdong black goat. At the BMS2508 locus, LSM of genotypes 132/145 bp and 93/132 bp for litter size was 4.00 and 3.25 kids born/litter respectively, but that of genotype 122/122 bp for litter size was only 1.00 kid/litter, so alleles 145 bp and 93 bp had significant positive effects on the litter size of Xiangdong black goat, and the allele 122 bp had a significantly negative effect.
Isolation and analysis of genes induced by rehydration after serious drought in broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) by SSH
Authors: Fan-Yun Lin , Yin-Gang Hu , Guo-Qi Song , Hong Zhang , Tian-Ming Liu , Bei-Ru He 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn order to investigate the molecular mechanism of rehydration after serious drought in broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.), a forward subtracted cDNA library was constructed between normal watered leaves and rehydrated leaves after serious drought conditions, using the suppressive subtraction hybridization (SSH) technique. A total of 60 positive clones were picked out at random from the subtracted library and sequenced, and redundancy sequences were removed after sequence alignment. Based on the results of sequence homologous comparison and function querying, 32 expressed sequence tags (EST) were highly homologous with known ESTs. Most of those sequences were related to either abiotic or biotic stress in plants. Of those sequences, 11 ESTs were homologous with ESTs in rat (Rattus norvegicus) liver after partial hepatectomy. The Blast result of proteins revealed that 28 ESTs were similar to known proteins. The functions of these proteins mainly involve signal transduction, transcription and protein processing. This experiment demonstrated that a range of specific genes was induced and expressed in broomcorn millet during the rehydration stage after serious drought.
The United States, Iran and the Cold War
Authors: Cottam Richard W. 
Published: September 2011

It would be premature to declare the Cold War over in the summer of 1969. The Cold War rhetoric continues to abound in the United States in the debates over Vietnam and the ABM; dangers of Soviet-American confrontation are serious in the Arab-Israeli conflict; and Soviet behavior in Czechoslovakia is of the Cold War mold. But, as symbolized by Richard Nixon's acceptance speech at the Republican National Convention, there is widespread agreement among American leaders that an era of negotiation and rapprochment with the Soviet Union has been entered. The indications are already strong that for Iran this portends an era in which the Soviet-American conflict will not influence very significantly Iran's internal affairs.As this new era begins, there are already signs that the Cold War world view, including the Soviet-American confrontation in Iran, is about to be drastically revised by a new generation of students of the Cold War.
The Relationship between Urbanization and the Changing Status of Women in Iran, 1956–1966
Authors: Touba Jacquiline Rudolph 
Published: September 2011

Rapid developments of the twentieth century have forced attention upon the changing status and role of women in all societies. As they have acquired a longer life expectancy, are having healthier children, and with the advancing technology, mass production and distribution contributing to their lessening housekeeping chores, women have acquired more and more leisure time.While the industrialized societies have been mostly concerned with the problem of leisure time for these women, and making optimum use of all human resources, both male and female, the developing countries have been facing the basic problem of illiteracy, and particularly illiteracy of their female population. There has always been a small segment of the female population in developing countries with as much, if not more, leisure time than those of the industrialized nations.
The National Integration of Boir Aḥmad
Authors: Löffler Reinhold 
Published: September 2011

Boir Aḥmad is the territory of the largest tribe (or confederation of tribes) of Kohkīlūyah in South Iran, located roughly south of the Bakhtīyārī and west of the Qashqā'ī. Its population (75,000 in 1966) subsists on a mixed economy of agriculture and animal husbandry, which in the highly segmented mountainous topography necessitates a variety of nomadic and transhumant adaptations.The political position within the wider Iranian context of the area presently called Boir Aḥmad has had a variegated history. Under the rule of the Atābegs of Lur-i Buzurg (12th-14th cent.) it was fairly well integrated and administered, with a flourishing economy and a largely sedentery population. In the following centuries, less stable "anarchic" forms of political organization seem to have prevailed, until the Qājār rulers tied the area to the center by appointing the local khāns as tax collectors and through interfering in their power struggles.
Das Fruhsafawidische Isfahan: Als Historische Forschungsaufgabe
Authors: Roemer Hans 
Published: September 2011

Nicht viele Städte der islamischen Welt haben in der abendländischen Reiseliteratur so starke Beachtung gefunden wie das safawidische Isfahan. Europäische Kaufleute, Missionare, Diplomaten und Abenteurer haben es mit den verschiedensten Motiven besucht, sich zum Teil lange dort aufgehalten und über ihre Beobachtungen, ihre Erlebnisse sowie über Persönlichkeiten des öffentlichen Lebens Berichte hinterlassen, deren Angaben bei allen individuellen Unterschieden ungewöhnlich mannigfaltig sind und zusammengenommen, kritische Verwendung vorausgesetzt, allein schon für eine Geschichte der Stadt Isfahan und mancher Aspekte der safawidischen Geschichte überhaupt ausreichen, wenn auch in erster Linie für das 17. Jahrhundert. Einem wichtigen Teil dieser Aufgabe hat kürzlich Sibylla Schuster-Walser ihre Untersuchungen zur Wirtschaftsund Handelspolitik gewidmet.Nun war aber Isfahan auch im 16. Jahrhundert schon safawidisch. Doch ist für diese Zeit mit europäischen Berichterstattern ganz im Gegensatz zu dem folgenden Jahrhundert nicht viel Staat zu machen.
Color in Safavid Architecture: The Poetic Diffusion of Light
Authors: Ardalan Nader 
Published: September 2011

My aim in this lecture shall be to situate the world of color within the traditional context of the Islamic culture of Persia; to explore the conceptual motivations that provoked its intense crystallization and saturation during the Safavid era; and to ultimately follow this world of color as it is annihilated into nothingness within the presence of Absolute Light. We will therefore witness the conceptual birth, life and death of color as a cyclical yet timeless, metaphysical expression of the Absolute within the world of phenomenal forms.Tis light makes color visible; at nightRed, green and russet vanish from thy sight.So too the light by their contraries are shown.From the dark jungle as a lion brightColor from the viewless Spirit leaps to light.Rūmī
Safavid Literature: Progress or Decline
Authors: Yar-Shater Ehsan 
Published: September 2011

“The literature of the Safavid period is usually regarded as a literature of decline.” So Jan Rypka begins his chapter on this literature. In 1911, in a letter to E.G. Browne, Mīrzā Muḥammad Qazvīnī, the noted Persian scholar, pronounced an even harsher judgment on this period: “Under this dynasty,” he wrote, “learning, culture, poetry, and mysticism completely deserted Persia….”The first question we must face is whether this was, in fact, the case. Did Persian poetry and prose under the Safavids sink into literary doldrums, as so many critics have judged, or, rather, was this an age of positive literary merit? And if our response should be negative, how are we to account for the decline of literature in the face of the political strength and economic prosperity of Persia under the Safavids, and for the flourishing of other arts in this period?
The Royal Bazaar of Isfahan
Authors: Bakhtiar Ali 
Published: September 2011

Between the Masjid-i Jāmiᶜ and the Maydān-i Shāh was a distance of several kilometers, dotted by minarets, mausoleums, mosques and bazaar areas which served the trade of the central plateau of Persia. They had been built over the intervening centuries since Sasanian times, the old town gradually expanding, some of the small clusters of the bazaar still remaining as satellite villages under Shāh ᶜAbbās’ reign. It was his genius which formed the new city, and it was his conception that linked the new with the old.Today, the least known to the visitor but in many ways quite the most fascinating aspect of Isfahan is the region that lies between the great mosques: the bazaar. Built by Shāh ᶜAbbās, the entrance to the bazaar, the Qaysariyah, stands at the center of the north end of the Maydān-i Shāh. Set back from the main plaza in a fivesided recess, it forms a courtyard which once embraced a large pool.
Safavid Metalwork: A Study in Continuity
Authors: Melikian‐shirvani A.S. 
Published: September 2011

The history of Iranian metalwork has yet to be written. Published material is scanty compared with the number of pieces on record in public institutions, not to mention private collections. But no period has been so blatantly neglected as the Safavid period and the half century of Timurid rule during which the foundations of much of Safavid art were laid.The first substantial body of material was if not published stricto sensu, at least illustrated in the Survey of Persian Art. Fourteen bronze, brass, and tinned copper vessels, plus a number of “steel” implements and weapons, a couple of bronze ensigns and astronomical instruments which will not be considered in this paper, were dealt with in a short text of general content. Alas not a few errors, which crept into the text as well as the brief captions, marred the reader's pleasure. There was no attempt to read the Persian and Arabic inscriptions except for dates.
Political Economy of Growth and Destruction: A Statistical Interpretation of the Iranian Case
Authors: Parvin Manoucher , Zamani Amir N. 
Published: September 2011

The completion of this article preceded the triumph of the Revolution in Iran. During the previous regime, critical studies on the subject of political economy of Iran, either went unpublished or were sufficiently diluted to cause no alarm and thus no harm. We write from personal experience and from knowledge of the experiences of other colleagues.This study is not free from the effects of such constrictions since most available official data generated in Iran during the past regime were tampered with somewhat to satisfy political interests and concerns. The data at hand fail to reflect what we think of as the “economics of growth and destruction.” By using available data, reaching for alternative sources when possible, and pointing out the observed inconsistencies, we have uncovered a bleak picture, despite the distortions by authorities who, unwilling to reform the condition of life in Iran, kept reforming the data.
Professional Storytelling in Iran: Transmission and Practice
Authors: Page Mary Ellen 
Published: September 2011

In this paper I shall describe briefly the background and setting of professional storytelling (naqqāli) in present-day Iran. Then I shall examine some aspects of how the craft of storytelling is transmitted, particularly with respect to how a young man becomes a storyteller and what aspects of storytelling are seen as important. Finally, I shall examine how this transmission relates to the way in which storytellers actually construct their performance.There are two separate, but related, aims in the paper. Through a comparison of the stories told and the literary works used as their source, I shall demonstrate that the Iranian national legend remains creative today. More generally, I shall demonstrate that the abstract values expressed as important to a craft may disregard those very elements which make a craftsman successful and which breathe life into the craft.
What next in Lisbon?
Authors: Smith Diana 
Published: September 2011

In May last year we published two articles on the case of the Portuguese women writers popularly known as the ‘Three Marias’, who were then facing charges of ‘outraging the public morals and abusing the freedom of the press’. Before the issue was printed came the news of the overthrow of the Caetano regime, and we added a note on the acquittal of the Three Marias and their publisher, saying that, for the time being at least, censorship had been lifted. Recent events have unfortunately given justification to the qualified tone of that statement. The political situation is a highly complex one and it would be rash to predict the final outcome. The fact remains that freedom of the press is once again in jeopardy, with the Communist Party wielding substantial control over what is printed or broadcast and what is not and with widespread State ownership of the media. The long battle for the Socialist daily, República, has been extensively reported in the world press and is still unresolved at the time of writing. We intend to return to the subject of the Portuguese press in our next issue; today we print an article based on an interview with Francisco Pinto Balsemão, Editor of the successful independent mass-circulation weekly, Expresso, which was founded in 1973. The story seems highly significant in the present Portuguese context, showing the situation of the country's information media in a nutshell.
Extramammary Paget’s disease: Evaluation of the histopathological patterns of Paget cell proliferation in the epidermis
Authors: SHIOMI Tatsushi , YOSHIDA Yuichi , SHOMORI Kohei , YAMAMOTO Osamu , ITO Hisao 
Published: September 2011

AbstractExtramammary Paget’s disease (EMPD) is a rare malignant skin neoplasm. The prototypical pattern of tumor cell proliferation in the epidermis includes single cells and/or nest arrangements, mainly in the lower epidermis. Although other patterns have been recognized, they have not previously been investigated in detail. We aimed to examine the patterns of tumor cell proliferation in the epidermis. Surgical specimens were obtained from 38 patients with primary EMPD. We defined six patterns, in addition to the prototypical one: (i) glandular; (ii) acantholysis‐like; (iii) upper nest; (iv) tall nest; (v) budding; and (vi) sheet‐like. There were 26 males and 12 females (mean age, 75.0 years). Lesions were located on the scrotum (26 cases) and vulva (12). There were 22 in situ EMPD and 16 invasive EMPD. The frequencies of the different proliferation patterns were: glandular, 36.8%; acantholysis‐like, 73.7%; upper nest, 68.4%; tall nest, 28.9%; budding, 47.4%; and sheet‐like, 23.7%. Upper nest pattern and the presence of more than three patterns were significantly more frequent in invasive EMPD than in situ EMPD (P < 0.05). We identified the histopathological patterns of Paget cell proliferation in the epidermis in EMPD, and suggest that the characteristic patterns and the diversity of patterns could be associated with progression and dermal invasion in EMPD.
Cutaneous leishmaniasis in a Japanese returnee from West Africa successfully treated with liposomal amphotericin B
Authors: ONO Misaki , TAKAHASHI Kenzo , TAIRA Kiyohito , UEZATO Hirosi , TAKAMURA Saori , IZAKI Seiichi 
Published: September 2011

AbstractLeishmaniasis has been occasionally reported in returnees from endemic areas. Here, we report a case of cutaneous leishmaniasis in a 33‐year‐old Japanese man who presented with a skin nodule after returning from an 8‐year stay in West Africa including Burkina Faso. He was successfully treated with liposomal amphotericin B with no significant adverse effects. This is the first Japanese case of cutaneous leishmaniasis treated successfully with liposomal amphotericin B.
Ancient diversity of splicing motifs and protein surfaces in the wild emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccoides) LR10 coiled coil (CC) and leucine‐rich repeat (LRR) domains
Authors: SELA HANAN , SPIRIDON LAURENTIU N. , PETRESCU ANDREI‐JOSE , AKERMAN MARTIN , MANDEL‐GUTFREUND YAEL , NEVO EVIATAR , LOUTRE CAROLINE , KELLER BEAT , SCHULMAN ALAN H. , FAHIMA TZION 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYIn this study, we explore the diversity and its distribution along the wheat leaf rust resistance protein LR10 three‐dimensional structure. Lr10 is a leaf rust resistance gene encoding a coiled coil–nucleotide‐binding site–leucine‐rich repeat (CC–NBS–LRR) class of protein. Lr10 was cloned and sequenced from 58 accessions representing diverse habitats of wild emmer wheat in Israel. Nucleotide diversity was very high relative to other wild emmer wheat genes (π= 0.029). The CC domain was found to be the most diverse domain and subject to positive selection. Superimposition of the diversity on the CC three‐dimensional structure showed that some of the variable and positively selected residues were solvent exposed and may interact with other proteins. The LRR domain was relatively conserved, but showed a hotspot of amino acid variation between two haplotypes in the ninth repeat. This repeat was longer than the other LRRs, and three‐dimensional modelling suggested that an extensive α helix structure was formed in this region. The two haplotypes also differed in splicing regulation motifs. In genotypes with one haplotype, an intron was alternatively spliced in this region, whereas, in genotypes with the other haplotype, this intron did not splice at all. The two haplotypes are proposed to be ancient and maintained by balancing selection.
Bet v 1‐like pollen allergens of multiple Fagales species can sensitize atopic individuals
Authors: Hauser M. , Asam C. , Himly M. , Palazzo P. , Voltolini S. , Montanari C. , Briza P. , Bernardi M. L. , Mari A. , Ferreira F. , Wallner M. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryBackgroundIn the temperate climate zone of the Northern hemisphere, Fagales pollen allergy represents the main cause of winter/spring pollinosis. Among Fagales trees, pollen allergies are strongly associated within the Betulaceae and the Fagaceae families. It is widely accepted that Fagales pollen allergies are initiated by sensitization against Bet v 1, the birch pollen major allergen, although evidence is accumulating that the allergenic activity of some Bet v 1‐like molecules has been underestimated.ObjectiveTo investigate the allergenic potential of the clinically most important Fagales pollen allergens from birch, alder, hazel, hornbeam, hop‐hornbeam, oak, beech and chestnut.MethodsTo obtain the full spectrum of allergens, the three previously unavailable members of the Bet v 1‐family, hop‐hornbeam Ost c 1, chestnut Cas s 1 and beech Fag s 1, were identified in the respective pollen extracts, cloned and produced as recombinant proteins in E. coli. Together with recombinant Bet v 1, Aln g 1, Car b 1, Cor a 1 and Que a 1, the molecules were characterized physicochemically, mediator release assays were performed and IgE cross‐reactivity was evaluated by ELISA and Immuno Solid‐phase Allergen Chip (ISAC) IgE inhibition assays.ResultsAll allergens showed the typical Bet v 1‐like secondary structure elements, and they were all able to bind serum IgE from Fagales allergic donors. Strong IgE binding was observed for Betuloideae and Coryloideae allergens, however, cross‐reactivity between the two subfamilies was limited as explored by inhibition experiments. In contrast, IgE binding to members of the Fagaceae could be strongly inhibited by serum pre‐incubation with allergens of the Betuloideae subfamily.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceThe data suggest that Bet v 1‐like allergens of the Betuloideae and Coryloideae subfamily might have the potential to induce IgE antibodies with different specificities, while allergic reactions towards Fagaceae allergens are the result of IgE cross‐reactivity.