bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activin A induces dendritic cell migration through the polarized release of CXC chemokine ligands 12 and 14
Authors: Salogni Laura , Musso Tiziana , Bosisio Daniela , Mirolo Massimiliano , Jala Venkatakrishna R. , Haribabu Bodduluri , Locati Massimo , Sozzani Silvano 
Published: April 2009

AbstractActivin A is a dimeric protein, member of the transforming growth factor (TGF)–β family that plays a crucial role in wound repair and in fetal tolerance. Emerging evidence also proposes activin A as a key mediator in inflammation. This study reports that activin A induces the directional migration of immature myeloid dendritic cells (iDCs) through the activation of ALK4 and ActRIIA receptor chains. Conversely, activin A was not active on plasmacytoid dendritic cells (DCs) or mature myeloid DCs. iDC migration to activin A was phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase γ–dependent, Bordetella pertussis toxin– and cycloheximide-sensitive, and was inhibited by M3, a viral-encoded chemokine-binding protein. In a real-time video microscopy-based migration assay, activin A induced polarization of iDCs, but not migration. These characteristics clearly differentiated the chemotactic activities of activin A from TGF-β and classic chemokines. By the use of combined pharmacologic and low-density microarray analysis, it was possible to define that activin-A–induced migration depends on the selective and polarized release of 2 chemokines, namely CXC chemokine ligands 12 and 14. This study extends the proinflammatory role of activin A to DC recruitment and provides a cautionary message about the reliability of the in vitro chemotaxis assays in discriminating direct versus indirect chemotactic agonists.
Quality of Life in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis Compared to the General Population and Patients with Other Chronic Conditions
Authors: HUDSON MARIE , THOMBS BRETT D. , STEELE RUSSELL , PANOPALIS PANTELIS , NEWTON EVAN , BARON MURRAY ,   for the Canadian Scleroderma Research Group
Published: April 2009

Objective.Systemic sclerosis (SSc) affects multiple physical, psychological, and social domains and is associated with impaired health-related quality of life (HRQOL).We compared the HRQOL of SSc patients with individuals in the general population and patients with other common chronic diseases.Methods.HRQOL of SSc patients in the Canadian Scleroderma Research Group registry was measured using version 2 of the Medical Outcomes Trust Short Form-36 (SF-36). Results were compared to US general population norms and scores reported for patients with other common chronic diseases, namely heart disease, lung disease, hypertension, diabetes, and depression.Results.SF-36 scores were available for 504 SSc patients (86% women, mean age 56 yrs, mean disease duration since onset of first non-Raynaud’s manifestation of SSc 11 yrs). The greatest impairment in SF-36 subscale scores appeared to be in the physical functioning, general health, and role physical domains. SF-36 subscale and summary scores in SSc were significantly worse compared to US general population norms for women of similar ages, except for mental health and mental component summary score, which were not significantly different, and were generally comparable to or worse than the scores of patients with other common chronic conditions.Conclusion.HRQOL of patients with SSc is significantly impaired compared to that of the general population and is comparable to or worse than that of patients with other common chronic conditions.
Calcitriol Suppresses Antiretinal Autoimmunity through Inhibitory Effects on the Th17 Effector Response
Authors: Tang Jun , Zhou Ru , Luger Dror , Zhu Wei , Silver Phyllis B. , Grajewski Rafael S. , Su Shao-Bo , Chan Chi-Chao , Adorini Luciano , Caspi Rachel R. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) serves as a model for human autoimmune uveitis and for cell-mediated autoimmunity in general. EAU induced in mice by immunization with the retinal Ag interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein in CFA is driven by the Th17 response. Oral calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) prevented as well as partly reversed disease and suppressed immunological responses. In vitro, calcitriol directly suppressed IL-17 induction in purified naive CD4+ T cells without inhibiting Th17 lineage commitment, as reflected by unaltered RORγt, STAT3, and FoxP3 expression. In contrast, in vivo treatment with calcitriol of mice challenged for EAU impaired commitment to the Th17 lineage, as judged by reduction of both RORγt and IL-17 in CD4+ T cells. Innate immune response parameters in draining lymph nodes of treated mice were suppressed, as was production of IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-12/IL-23p40, but not IL-10, by explanted splenic dendritic cells (DC). Finally, supernatants of calcitriol-conditioned bone marrow-derived DC had reduced ability to support Th17 polarization of naive CD4+ T cells in vitro and in vivo. Thus, calcitriol appears to suppress autoimmunity by inhibiting the Th17 response at several levels, including the ability of DC to support priming of Th17 cells, the ability of CD4+ T cells to commit to the Th17 lineage, and the ability of committed Th17 T cells to produce IL-17.
Superantigen- and TLR-Dependent Activation of Tonsillar B Cells after Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis
Authors: Jendholm Johan , Mörgelin Matthias , Perez Vidakovics Maria Laura A. , Carlsson Michael , Leffler Hakon , Cardell Lars-Olaf , Riesbeck Kristian 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Classical B lymphocyte activation is dependent on BCR cross-linking in combination with physical interaction with Th cells. Other B cell molecules that contribute to the activation are complement, cytokine, and TLRs recognizing specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis is a common Gram-negative respiratory pathogen that induces proliferation in human IgD-expressing B cells independently of T cell help. The activation is initiated by the B cell superantigen Moraxella IgD-binding protein (MID) through a nonimmune cross-linking of IgD. However, IgD cross-linking alone is not sufficient to induce proliferation. In this study, we characterized the significance of TLRs in superantigen-dependent B cell activation using whole bacteria or rMID in the presence or absence of TLR ligands. IgD cross-linking by MID sensitized B cells obtained from children with tonsillar hyperplasia for mainly TLR9, whereas TLRs 1, 2, 6, and 7 were less important. The Moraxella-induced activation was inhibited when a dominant-negative TLR9 ligand was added. Interestingly, BCR-mediated endocytosis of whole Moraxella and degradation of live bacteria in naive B cells were observed with fluorescence, confocal, and transmission electron microscopy. This unique observation proved the strong intracellular TLR9 response as well as highlighted the Ag-presenting function of B cells. In conclusion, our findings suggest an important role of TLRs in the adaptive immune response and reveal novel insights into the T cell-independent B cell activation induced by bacteria.
The Pattern Recognition Receptor CD36 Is a Chondrocyte Hypertrophy Marker Associated with Suppression of Catabolic Responses and Promotion of Repair Responses to Inflammatory Stimuli
Authors: Cecil Denise L. , Appleton C. Thomas G. , Polewski Monika D. , Mort John S. , Schmidt Ann Marie , Bendele Alison , Beier Frank , Terkeltaub Robert 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Multiple inflammatory mediators in osteoarthritis (OA) cartilage, including S100/calgranulin ligands of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), promote chondrocyte hypertrophy, a differentiation state associated with matrix catabolism. In this study, we observed that RAGE knockout was not chondroprotective in instability-induced knee OA in 8-wk-old mice. Hence, we tested the hypothesis that expression of the alternative S100/calgranulin and patterning receptor CD36, identified here as a marker of growth plate chondrocyte hypertrophy, mediates chondrocyte inflammatory and differentiation responses that promote OA. In rat knee joint destabilization-induced OA, RAGE expression was initially sparse throughout cartilage but increased diffusely by 4 wk after surgery. In contrast, CD36 expression focally increased at sites of cartilage injury and colocalized with developing chondrocyte hypertrophy and aggrecan cleavage NITEGE neoepitope formation. However, CD36 transfection in normal human knee-immortalized chondrocytes (CH-8 cells) was associated with decreased capacity of S100A11 and TNF-α to induce chondrocyte hypertrophy and ADAMTS-4 and matrix metalloproteinase 13 expression. S100A11 lost the capacity to inhibit proteoglycans synthesis and gained the capacity to induce proteoglycan synthesis in CD36-transfected CH-8 cells. Moreover, S100A11 required the p38 MAPK pathway kinase MKK3 to induce NITEGE development in mouse articular cartilage explants. However, CH-8 cells transfected with CD36 demonstrated decreased S100A11-induced MKK3 and p38 phosphorylation. Therefore, RAGE and CD36 patterning receptor expression were linked with opposing effects on inflammatory, procatabolic responses to S100A11 and TNF-α in chondrocytes.
Induction of Tumor Cell Apoptosis or Necrosis by Conditional Expression of Cell Death Proteins: Analysis of Cell Death Pathways and In Vitro Immune Stimulatory Potential
Authors: Lohmann Christine , Muschaweckh Andreas , Kirschnek Susanne , Jennen Luise , Wagner Hermann , Häcker Georg 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
For the efficient stimulation of T cells by tumor Ag, tumor-derived material has to be presented by dendritic cells (DC). This very likely involves the uptake of dead tumor cells by DC. Cell death in tumors often occurs through apoptosis, but necrotic cell death may also be prevalent. This distinction is relevant because numerous studies have proposed that apoptotic cells have immunosuppressive effects while necrosis may be stimulatory. However, a system has been lacking that would allow the induction of apoptosis or necrosis without side effects by the death stimuli used experimentally. In this study, we present such a system and test its effects on immune cells in vitro. B16 mouse melanoma cells were generated and underwent cell death through the doxycycline-inducible induction of death proteins. In one cell line, the induction of BimS induced rapid apoptosis, in the other line the induction of the FADD death domain induced nonapoptotic/necrotic cell death. BimS-induced apoptosis was associated with the typical morphological and biochemical changes. FADD death domain induced necrosis occurred through a distinct pathway involving RIP1 and the loss of membrane integrity in the absence of apoptotic changes. Apoptotic and necrotic cells were taken up with comparable efficiency by DC. OVA expressed in cells dying by either apoptosis or necrosis was cross-presented to OT-1 T cells and induced their proliferation. These results argue that it is not the form of cell death but its circumstances that decide the question whether cell death leads to a productive T cell response.
Synthesis and Biological Activities of Novel Thiophosphoryl Oximates Containing Thiazole and 1,2,3‐Triazole Rings
Authors: ZHU Xiaofei , SHI Deqing 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn order to find novel high activity and low toxicity agrochemicals, a series of novel thiophosphoryl oximates containing thiazole and 1,2,3‐triazole rings 4 were synthesized by the reactions of 1‐{1‐[(2‐chlorothiazol‐5‐ yl)methyl]‐5‐methyl‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl}ethanone oxime with various asymmetric thiophosphoryl chlorides. Their structures were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, 31P NMR, EI‐MS and elemental analyses. The target compounds existed as E‐configuration, which was deduced by NMR analysis and by comparison with their pyridyl analog determined by X‐ray diffraction. The results of preliminary bioassay indicate that some of title compounds possess moderate insecticidal and fungicidal activities.
Ultrastructure and distribution of superficial neuromasts of blind cavefish, Phreatichthys andruzzii, juveniles
Authors: Dezfuli Bahram S. , Magosso Sara , Simoni Edi , Hills Kathleen , Berti Roberto 
Published: April 2009

AbstractTransmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM, SEM) were used to study the ultrastructure of superficial neuromasts in 15 six‐month old blind cavefish juveniles, Phreatichthys andruzzii (Cyprinidae). In five specimens examined with SEM, the number of superficial neuromasts over the fish body (480–538) was recorded. They were localized mainly on the head (362–410), including the dorsal surface, the mentomandibular region, and laterally from the mouth to the posterior edge of the operculum. Neuromasts were also present laterally on the trunk and near the caudal fin (116–140). A significantly higher number of neuromasts were present on the head compared to the trunk (t‐test, P < 0.05). Superficial neuromasts of the head and those along the trunk were similar in ultrastructure. Each neuromast comprised sensory hair cells surrounded by nonsensory support cells (mantle cells and supporting basal cells) with the whole covered by a cupula. Each hair cell was pear‐shaped, 15–21 μm high and 4–6 μm in diameter, with a single long kinocilium and several short stereocilia. Most support cells were elongated, with nuclei occupying a large portion of the cytoplasm. In the margin of the neuromast, mantle cells were particularly narrow. Both types of support cells had well‐developed Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticulum. The number of hair cells and nonsensory support cells of the anterior lateral line (head) did not differ significantly from those of the posterior lateral line (trunk) (t‐test, P > 0.05). Microsc. Res. Tech. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electron‐impact induced fragmentation of thiirene and thiophene dioxides
Authors: Vouros Paul 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe electron impact mass spectra of several substituted thiirene and thiophene oxides and dioxides have been investigated using both low and high resolution mass spectrometry. The predominant fragmentation process in the spectra of the thiirene compounds is the elimination of the hetero (SO or SO2) function and formation of a substituted acetylene ion. The 5‐membered ring thiophene dioxides exhibit mainly elimination of SO rather than SO2. Plausible mechanisms leading to the formation of the principal ions are proposed on the basis of metastable transitions.
A general synthesis of s‐triazolo[1,5‐x] diazines
Authors: Tamura Yasumitsu , Kim Joong‐Hyup , Ikeda Masazumi 
Published: April 2009

AbstractTreatment of 2‐aminopyrimidime, a 4‐aminopyrimidine, aminopyrazine, and 3‐aminopyridazines with O‐mesilylenesulfonylhydroxylamine gave the corresponding N‐aminodiazinium salts in high yields. These salts could be transformed into s‐triazolo[1, 5‐a] pyrimidines, s‐triazolo[1, 5‐a]‐pyrazines, s‐triazolo[1, 5‐c]pyrimidines, and s‐triazolo[1, 5‐b]pyridazines hy treatment with acylating agents.
An INDO study of the isomerization of aziridinone
Authors: Talaty Erach R. , Zandler Melvin E. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe only pathway postulated in the literature for the isomerization of aziridinone (Ia) to iminooxirane (IIIa) involves a planar, open‐chain, dipolar intermediate (IIa); however, INDO calculations suggest a possible alternative pathway in which an in‐plane bending of the oxygen atom towards the alkyl carbon atom occurs rather than a stretching of the alkyl‐nitrogen bond. INDO calculations also suggest that the unknown compound IIIa has the same degree of stability as Ia.
Synthèse de composés comportant deux hétérocycles oxygénés accoles au noyau benzénique, éthers du résorcinol
Authors: Graffe B. , Sacquet M.‐C. , Maitte P. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractNous reportons ici la préparation de nouveaux composés bishétérocycliques dérivés du résorcinol. Nous nous sommes efforcés, au cours de ce travail d'utiliser des méthodes qui conduisent à une cyclisation sélective n'amenant que l'enchaǐnement tricyclique linéaire; le précurseur est soil le résorcinol soit son éther monométhylique.Par réaction avec le chloracétronitrile, l'acrylonitrile ou le chlorobutanoate d'éthyle, les composés intermédiairement obtenus sont cyclisés par l'acétate de sodium ou l'acide polyphosphorique; une réduction soit catalytique soit par le zinc en présence d'acide chlorhydrique conduit aux hétérocycles de base. Une seconde condensation suivie de cyclisation puis de réduction conduit au bishétérocycle attendu.
Synthese, thermolyse et photolyse de quelques cyano‐4‐amino‐5‐triazolines
Authors: Texier Fernand , Bourgois Jacques 
Published: April 2009

AbstractL'addition du phénylazide à différents β aminométhacrylonitriles permet d'obtenir des triazolines stables, dont la thermolyse met en évidence la réversibilité de la cycloaddition dipolaire‐1,3. Par contre, la photolyse de ces triazolines conduit à des aminoaziridines activées, ylures d'azométhine potentiels, facilement hydrolysables. L'addition du tosylazide à ces memes dipolarophiles conduit à des produits différents, des amidines et le cyano‐1 diazoéthane.
Thienopyrimidines. VII. Reactions of the 4‐hydrazinothieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidines
Authors: Robba M. , de Sevricourt M. Cugnon , Lecomte J. M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe cyclization reactions of the 4‐hydrazinothieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidines give s‐triazolo[1,2‐c]‐thieno[3,2‐e]pyrimidines and tetrazolo[1,5‐c]thieno[3,2‐e]pyrimidines.
Utilisation des déplacements chimiques induits par les lanthanides a la détermination de la structure de benzothiénopyridines
Authors: Gacel G. , Fournié‐Zaluski M. C. , Roques B. P. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractLes déplacements chimiques induits par les lanthanides ont permis d'attribuer les spectres de RMN 1H de benzothiénopyridines et de déterminer leur site de substitution préférentiel. D'autre part, on a pu mettre en évidence l'influence de l'encombrement stérique au niveau du site de complexation, sur la position spatiale de l'ion lanthanide.
1,8‐Naphthyridines. Part I. Synthesis of some trifluoromethyl‐1,8‐naphthyridine derivatives
Authors: Eichler Eva , Rooney Clarence Stanley , Williams Haydn Windsor Richard 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe synthesis of some 2‐amino‐1,8‐naphthyridine derivatives substituted in the 5‐ and/or 7‐positions with trifluoromethyl is described along with their conversions to the corresponding 1,8‐naphthyridin‐2(1H)ones. A modified procedure for oxidizing electron‐deficient heterocyclic compounds to theirN‐oxides is presented.
The reactions of 3‐Butyl‐1,2‐diphenylphosphindole with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate
Authors: Hughes Alan N. , Amornraksa Kitti , Phisithkul Siriporn , Reutrakul Vichai 
Published: April 2009

AbstractUnlike 1,2,5‐triphenylphosphole, 3‐butyl‐1,2‐diphenylphosphindole reacts smoothly with two molecules of dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate to give the phosphindole oxide, a yellow adduct and a colourless adduct. The case of the reaction is taken to indicate less lone pair interaction with the π‐system in phosphindoles than in phospholes. The yellow adduct is shown to be a phosphindolium cyclopentadienylide, i.e. an adduct of the phosphindole and two molecules of the ester less one oxygen atom. The colourless adduct is shown to be a 1:2:1 adduct of the phosphindole, the ester and water and has a benzodihydrophosphonin structure. Mechanisms for the formation of both adducts are proposed. Adducts of this general type were previously unknown in organophosphorus chemistry.
Pyrrolopyrimidine nucleosides. XIII. Synthesis and chemical reactivity of certain selenopyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidine nucleosides
Authors: Milne George. H. , Townsend Leroy B. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract5‐Cyano‐7‐(β‐D‐ribofuranosyl)pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidin‐4‐selone (1) has been prepared via a reaction of the appropriate 4‐chloro compound with sodium hydrogen selenide. Alkylation of 2 under basic conditions has provided certain 4‐substitutedseleno‐5‐cyano‐7‐(β‐D‐ribofuranosyl)‐pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidines. 5‐Cyano‐4‐methylseleno‐7‐(β‐D‐ribofuranosyl)pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidine was allowed to react with hydroxylamine and hydrazine. The products obtained and reaction course were compared to those obtained from identical reactions using the corresponding sulfur analog.
About the structure of two isomeric pyrazoloquinolines
Authors: Prime J. , Stanovnik B. , Tišler M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSeveral structures are possible for the pyrazoloquinolines, formed in the Skraup synthesis from 5‐ or 6‐aminoindazole. By nmr spectroscopic examination in the presence of shift reagents it was possible to assign the correct structures for both products, i.e., the angular 1H‐pyrazolo‐[3,4‐f]quinoline (4) and 3H‐pyrazolo[4,3‐f]quinoline (2).
A cinnoline 2‐oxide from 2‐nitrosobenzophenone
Authors: Walser Armin , Zenchoff Gladys 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBase catalyzed cyclization of the 2‐methylazoxybenzophenone (4B) obtained by condensation of the 2‐nitrosobenzophenone (2a) with methylhydroxylamine led to the cinnoline 2‐oxide (7) which is the major product of the peracid oxidation of the corresponding cinnoline (5).
Role of monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1/CCL2) in migration of neural progenitor cells toward glial tumors
Authors: Magge Suresh N. , Malik Saafan Z. , Royo Nicolas C. , Chen H. Isaac , Yu LiYa , Snyder Evan Y. , O'Rourke Donald M. , Watson Deborah J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractNeural progenitor cells (NPCs) have been investigated as potential vehicles for brain tumor therapy because they have been shown to migrate toward central nervous system gliomas and can be genetically engineered to deliver cytotoxic agents to tumors. The mechanisms that regulate migration of NPCs to tumors are not fully understood. By means of microarray analysis, polymerase chain reaction, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and immunohistochemistry, we found that monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1/CCL‐2) was expressed in experimental brain tumor cells in vivo and in vitro. CCR2, the receptor for MCP‐1, was expressed on C17.2 NPCs. We used a modified Boyden chamber assay and found increased migration of NPCs in vitro in response to MCP‐1. By means of an in vivo model for NPC migration, we found evidence of NPC migration toward areas of MCP‐1 infusion in rat brains. An understanding of NPC migration mechanisms may be used to enhance delivery of cytotoxic agents to brain tumor cells. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Higher immunoglobulin production in conjugated linoleic acid-supplemented rats during gestation and suckling
Authors: Ramírez-Santana Carolina , Pérez-Cano Francisco J. , Castellote Cristina , Castell Margarida , Rivero Montserrat , Rodríguez-Palmero María , Franch Àngels 
Published: April 2009

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been reported to exert beneficial physiological effects on body composition and the immune system. However, little information is available on the influence of CLA on immune function during early life periods. The present study evaluates the effect of feeding an 80:20 mixture of cis-9, trans-11- and trans-10, cis-12-CLA isomers during gestation and suckling on the systemic immune response of weaned Wistar rats. Pups received dietary CLA from dams through the placental barrier and during suckling by breast milk (group A) or by oral administration (group B). Pups from group C only received CLA during suckling by oral administration. Group D constituted the reference group. Milk from dams fed the CLA diet had a high content of CLA and higher IgA and IgG concentrations than rats fed the standard diet. The plasma of pups from groups A, B and C showed six, twelve and nine times higher content of the cis-9, trans-11-CLA isomer than that of the group D pups. Rats from group A exhibited higher serum IgG concentrations than rats from the rest of the groups (22·14 (sem 2·14) v. about 5 mg/ml; P < 0·05), whereas rats from groups A and B showed approximately 2-fold higher splenocyte IgM production than rats from groups C and D. However, CLA supplementation did not influence significantly the splenocyte proliferative response or cytokine secretion. Supplementation during gestation and suckling with an 80:20 cis-9, trans-11–trans-10, cis-12 CLA mix enhances the production of the main in vivo and in vitro Ig isotypes in Wistar rats.