bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ab. No. 42 Effect of Visual Perceptual Skills Training on Manual Dexterity and Functional Abilities in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Case Series
Authors: Goyal Chanan 
Published: June 2024

Introduction:
Globally, prevalence of ASD is rising alarmingly. Evidence synthesis on effective intervention strategies is crucial to bridge the knowledge gap. In addition to disruption in communication and social interaction, motor signs like impaired manual dexterity are frequently associated in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study aims to investigate the positive impact of visual perceptual skills training along with functional training as these skills are closely related to daily activities and academic skills.

Methods:
Three school-aged children (between 8-12 years of age) diagnosed with ASD were included. Motor clumsiness was the primary concern of parents. Intervention was based on principles of sensory integration. It comprised functional training along with visual perceptual skills training including figure-ground discrimination, design copying, visual scanning, visual closure, and visual-motor integration. Manual dexterity was assessed by the Nine-Hole Peg Test (9HPT) and Box and Block Test (BBT) before intervention and after 12 weeks of intervention. Besides, functional changes in activities like feeding, buttoning, writing, and copying from the board at inclusive schools were gauged.

Result:
All children showed improvement in manual dexterity as assessed by the 9HPT scores that changed from 49 to 40 seconds, 42 to 35 seconds, 45 to 37 seconds, respectively. In addition, BBT scores improved from 38 to 44 blocks, 41 to 49 blocks and 39 to 46 blocks, respectively. Independence in feeding and buttoning increased, apart from better efficiency in copying from board and writing.

Conclusion:
Visual perceptual skills training helped in improving manual dexterity in children with ASD. Moreover, independence in daily activities and academic skills were enhanced.

Implications:
This case series reveals that the effect of this approach is clinically significant in real life settings. However, it must be investigated on a larger population.
Ab. No. 8 Neonatal Procedural Pain and Neuromotor Changes on Multisensory Stimulation and Soft Tissue Therapy Among Hospitalized Preterm Neonates: One-Group Pretest-Post-Test Trial
Authors: Sharma Neha , Mahajan Kusum , Sameul Asir John 
Published: June 2024

Introduction:
Neonatal physiotherapy procedures including MSS and STT might be beneficial for reducing pain and improving neuromotor outcomes among hospitalized neonates. To determine the effects of MSS and STT on reducing procedural pain and improving neuromotor outcomes among hospitalized preterm neonates.

Methods:
MSS and STT were provided for 5 days of NICU stay. The Premature Infant Pain Profile-Revised (PIPP-R) and Neonatal Pain and Sedation Scale (N-PASS) were used for assessing procedural pain. For assessing neuromotor outcomes among preterm neonates, Infant Neurological International Battery (INFANIB) and Premie neuro scale were used. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for estimating the statistically significant difference. Effect Size (ES) within the group was calculated by using the formulae “Wilcoxon Signed-ranks test” for ES.

Result:
Both statistically significant differences (p<0.05), and clinically important differences were noted in procedural pain (PIPP-R; 3.0, N-PASS; 3.0) and neuromotor outcomes (INFANIB; 3.0, Premie Neuro; 8.0) among hospitalized preterm neonates.

Conclusion:
MSS and STT given for 5 days of NICU stay reduces procedural pain, and improves neuromotor development among hospitalized preterm neonates. MSS and STT might be given as early intervention care regularly for reducing pain and promoting neuromotor development among hospitalized preterm neonates. However, further randomized controlled trial is needed to substantiate these findings.
Ab. No. 63 Immediate Effect of Intercostal Stretch Versus Anterior Stretch Basal Lift on Lung Compliance, Tidal Volume, Respiratory Rate, Heart Rate and SPO2 in Mechanically Ventilated Patients: An Experimental Study
Authors: Peter Zibeon , Tiwari Bharat 
Published: June 2024

Introduction:
Mechanical ventilation is a useful modality for patients who are unable to sustain the level of ventilation necessary to maintain gas exchange function. Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) of respiration is the use of selective external proprioceptive and tactile stimuli that alter depth and rate of breathing to assist respiration. Several PNF techniques are reported to increase the depth of breathing, decrease respiratory rate and increase arousal in patient with a decreased level of consciousness. Intercostal stretch and basal lift are commonly used techniques, having beneficial effects among ventilatory patients. The purpose is to compare the effect of the Intercostal stretch versus Anterior Stretch Basal Lift on Tidal Volume, Lung Compliance, SpO2, Heart Rate and Respiratory Rate

Methods:
After screening for inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 30 subjects were randomized into 2 groups of n=15 each: 1) Intercostal Stretch 2) Basal Lift. After randomization, along with chest physiotherapy, both groups received respective PNF techniques (3 sets of 10 repetition). Pre and post outcomes were analyzed.

Result:
Significant changes (p<0.05) seen in all the outcomes in Intercostal group. In Basal lift group, Tidal volume, compliance and SpO2 has shown significant improvement (p<0.05). Inter group analysis didn’t show significant improvement (p>0.05).

Conclusion:
Both these PNF techniques aids chest physiotherapy in enhancing the results for patients on mechanical ventilation. But Intercostal Stretch showed more significant results than Basal Lift, and is more feasible to perform in day to day practice.

Implications:
It is safe to apply these techniques in mechanically ventilated patients for better outcomes.
Ab. No. 13 Incorporating Sprinting in the Early Phase of Hamstring Injury Rehabilitation to Accelerate Return to Full Participation in Track and Field Athletes: A Comparative Study of Two Rehabilitation Strategies
Authors: Makwana Nilesh , Bane Jayesh , Ray Lipsa , Karkare Bhagyeshree , Hillier James 
Published: June 2024

Introduction:
Hamstring injuries are common in track and field athletes, with a higher incidence in male than female sprinters. This causes a significant loss in training time and a decline in performance. This study evaluated rehabilitation strategies to accelerate the return to full participation following hamstring injuries.

Methods:
Thirty-three athletes (22 males and 11 females) were observed from 2021 to 2023 until their major competition. Seventeen hamstring injuries were documented and included in the study and were divided into two groups, A (n=8) and B (n=9), using stratified random sampling with single blinding. Group A received technical cues to minimize pain by utilizing mini-hurdle sprints as part of their training from the early stages of rehabilitation, while group B underwent relative rest and high-volume low-intensity rehabilitation exercises and gradually progressed to sprinting as the pain reduced. The progress in each group was monitored weekly. The average time loss was calculated using Microsoft Excel 365 and Google Forms with built-in validation checks to minimize errors. Descriptive statistics were analyzed.

Result:
The two groups demonstrated significant differences in recovery times. Group A took an average of 3.55 weeks (1.22 SD 95% CI 1.08), and Group B took an average of 4.53 weeks (1.98 SD, 95% CI 1.52) to resume full participation. Three athletes from Group A and six athletes from Group B experienced hamstring tightness during the competition, however, two athletes from Group B had to withdraw from the competition due to hamstring reinjury.

Conclusion:
Early sprinting which used pain as feedback to correct sprint mechanics following hamstring injury can lead to an early and confident return to full participation with reduced reinjury during competition. This study will guide effective and integrated rehabilitation approaches following hamstring injuries in track and field athletes. To our knowledge, this is the first study that used sprinting for hamstring injury rehabilitation.
Ab. No. 67 Comparative Analysis of Postural Stability in School-Aged Children With Hearing Loss Versus Typical Hearing: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Aswani Janvi , Diwan Shraddha 
Published: June 2024

Introduction:
To compare postural stability between children with hearing loss and age & gender matched children with typical hearing. Postural control is described as the ability of an individual to remain comfortably in a standing position, keeping his/her body stable and aligned against any external force. As the vestibular system is one of the sensory system responsible for regulating the postural control, these children may have reduced/poor postural control when compared to children with normal hearing.

Methods:
The study enrolled a convenient sample of 100 children (aged 7-18 years) into two groups: 50 with hearing loss and 50 with normal hearing. Children in the hearing-impaired group were included if they had sign language proficiency. Children with any musculoskeletal deformity of lower limb were excluded from both groups. A cross sectional observational study was conducted among two groups of children (a) hearing loss (b) normal hearing using Balance Error Scoring System. The subjects were instructed about all the six tasks (i) Double support (ii) One leg standing (iii)Tandem stance and each task was performed with closed eyes on ground and foam respectively. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 20. For between group analysis Mann-Whitney U Test was applied.

Result:
Statistical significant difference was noted in all the components of BESS scale with the p<0.05 except double support (on ground) component with p>0.05.

Conclusion:
Children with hearing loss presented with more instability in postural control than children with normal hearing of same age and gender.

Implication:
The study suggests that children with hearing loss have postural instability but their daily activities are not hampered because of masking of vestibular deficits, thus training the other two sensory systems (visual & somatosensory) should be focused on to avoid any anticipatory falls.
Ab. No. 69 Comparative Study on Effect of Square Stepping Exercises With Conventional Balance Exercises on Balance in Community Dwelling Elderly Population: A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Tadvi Anjum , Ravindran R 
Published: June 2024

Introduction:
Determining & comparing the effects of Square Stepping Exercises (SSE) versus Conventional balance exercises after 4 weeks training in the older adults. To tackle age-related decline in balance performance in elderly, physical interventions are essential. SSE is a novel intervention that can enhance balance and reduce the risk of falls.

Methods:
40 healthy community dwelling older individuals of age 60 years & more with ability to walk backwards for 3 meters were included in the study. Participants were randomly allocated into two groups of 20 each using sealed envelope method. Limits of Stability (LOS) and Mini-BES Test were assessed as outcome measures prior to and after the 4 weeks of training. Non-Parametric test were used to analyze the data of Mini BESTest as the data was not normally distributed. Whereas the rest of the data (LOS) were normally distributed, hence parametric tests were used to analyze.

Results:
Both the groups showed statistically significant results when compared to their pre-intervention scores (p<0.0001) The between group comparison did not show any statistically significant difference on balance components (p>0.05).

Conclusions:
Both Conventional balance training exercises and Square stepping exercises were found to be equally effective in improving balance in elderly.

Implications:
SSE does not have an advantage over the conventional balance exercises, however it can be used as an adjunct to the conventional balance training to introduce variety in training of community dwelling elderly with adequate safety measures in place.
Ab. No. 73 Effect of Otago Exercise Program Via Tele Rehabilitation on Fall Risk and Balance in Older People
Authors: Jeevrajani Jeel , Sheth Megha 
Published: June 2024

Introduction:
To find the effect of Otago exercise program via telerehabilitation on fall risk and balance in older people. Older people’s falls and fall-related injuries have grown to be major health issue. Otago Exercise Program (OEP) consists of 17 strength and balance exercises and walking program at home, outpatient or community setting that is effective in preventing falls. Telerehabilitation is newer technique of delivery of rehabilitation services over telecommunication networks.

Methods:
44 gender-matched participants aged 65-80 (71 + 4.3) years were divided into two groups using simple random sampling. People unwilling to participate were excluded. Ethics approval was obtained. A prospective follow-up study was carried out in community of Ahmedabad. Participants were explained the study. Fall risk was measured using Timed Up and Go(TUG) test and balance was measured using Berg Balance Scale(BBS). Group A (n=22) was given telerehabilitation-based OEP via zoom calls and Group B (n=22) was given unsupervised OEP at home. A total of 12 sessions (3 sessions/week) of OEP and (2 times/week) walking for 4 weeks was administered.
Within group analysis for TUG was done using Paired samples T-test and for BBS using Wilcoxon signed rank test. Between group analysis was carried out using Mann-Whitney U test. Level of significance was kept at 5%.

Results:
Within group analysis showed statistically significant difference in group A TUG (t=14.96, p<0.0001), BBS (Z=-4.135, p<0.0001), in group B TUG (t=3.375, p=0.003), BBS(Z=-3.71, p<0.0001). Between group analysis showed statistically significant difference in BBS (U=34.5, p<0.0001) but not in TUG (U=191.5, p=0.211).

Conclusion:
Otago Exercise program is effective via telerehabilitation and as home-based program to improve balance and reduce fall risk. Tele-rehabilitation group was more effective in improving balance.

Implications:
Tele-rehabilitation can be used for older people by providing convenient, one-to-one, accessible healthcare services at home reducing travel.
Ab. No. 78 Validation of a Retrospective Injury Questionnaire for Competitive Indian Athletes
Authors: Sharma Urvashi , Sinha AGK 
Published: June 2024

Introduction:
The purpose of the current study is to develop and validate a new questionnaire for measuring Injuries (Present acute, Present overuse, Past acute, and Past overuse) among Competitive Indian Athletes.
Measuring injuries is a preliminary step of any epidemiological project. Though vast scientific literature on injury measurements and questionnaire development is available, work done among Indian athletes is negligible. Recording injury-related data in forms or questionnaires is a common data collection practice. Developing a new questionnaire becomes necessary when existing ones cannot cover the research area of interest.

Methods:
10 experts were recruited for the validation study and 50 subjects were recruited for questionnaire administration.
A Delphi panel consensus study was conducted to validate an initial 126-item questionnaire by recruiting 10 experts. After two rounds, a 125-item questionnaire was obtained that was administered to 50 track and road runners (ages 15-35 years) practicing at Dharamshala. Athletes preparing for army or forest services, para-athletes, and those who did not have working smartphones were excluded. The data obtained was cleaned and coded for further analysis.
The content validity ratio (CVR) score for each item was calculated to finalize the final items. To test the internal consistency, Cronbach’s alpha was calculated.

Results:
The final questionnaire had an overall alpha value of 0.812 indicating an adequate internal consistency.

Conclusion:
The newly generated retrospective injury questionnaire for Indian athletes is valid and reliable.

Implications:
The application of the questionnaire on a wider population can give an estimated injury incidence and prevalence data in the country.
Ab. No. 15 Efficacy of ADL-Based Dynamic Postural Stability Exercises After Canalith Repositioning Maneuver in Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo Patients
Authors: Rajarajeswari A 
Published: June 2024

Introduction:
CRP produces short-term effects, not sufficient to reactivate postural control in BPPV. Most studies prescribe balance training which is not well incorporated with ADL activities. Hence, this study aimed to find out the effectiveness of ADL-based dynamic postural stability exercises. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is a common peripheral vestibular disorder. Canalith repositioning manoeuvre is considered to be the gold standard method of treatment. Even after CRP 2/3rd of patients has postural instabilities, especially in dynamic conditions such as walking, sitting to standing, and in performing daily activities, which was not given attention in studies and treatment programs.

Methods:
100 BPPV patients (50 each in interventional and control group) aged between‹18–60 years, positive for Dix Hallpike test/supine roll test confirmed by an ENT specialist and treated with CRP by random sampling. All patients were evaluated by the Berg balance scale, POMA (gait scale), and Dizziness Handicap Inventory on the third day of CRP. The control group received CRP with conventional balance training whereas the interventional group received ADL-based dynamic postural stability exercises (with more challenging environments involving various sensory inputs with postural strategies) along with CRP for 2 weeks. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23; the Mann-Whitney U test (between group analysis) and Wilcoxon Signed Rank test (within group analysis) were used.

Result:
In the interventional group, there was greater improvement in balance in dynamic conditions, functional ability, and reduction in dizziness (p value‹0.05) in ADL activities.

Conclusion:
ADL-based exercises are beneficial for the improvement of balance, reduction in dizziness, and improving functional activities after CRP in BPPV patients. As this postural instability/residual dizziness has an impact on ADL in BPPV patients even after CRP, if untreated may lead to compensatory strategies that delay functional recovery. Hence, this instability period should be managed with ADL-based dynamic postural stability exercises.
Ab. No. 86 Comparison of Shoulder Rotation Range, Strength and Proprioception in Racket Sports Players Versus Normal Individuals
Authors: Patel Dhyan , Mukkamala Neha 
Published: June 2024

Introduction:
Racket sports; involve agility, power and coordination. Repetitive nature of swinging a racket can lead to muscle imbalance, affect joint flexibility and strength, thus impacting shoulder range, strength and proprioception in racket sports players (RSP). The study compared shoulder rotation range, strength and proprioception between RSP and normal Individuals (NI).
The results could help modify training protocols in light of unique demands placed on the shoulder in racket sports.

Method:
Players playing racket sports like lawn tennis and badminton, aged 18 and above, at least 1hr/day, minimum 3days/week, since at least a year were included. NI were also included for comparison. Players with acute shoulder pain, shoulder and neck surgeries were excluded. This was an Observational study. Ethical approval was taken. Shoulder ranges were measured with an inclinometer, strength with a hand held spring dynamometer and proprioception with an inclinometer.
Data was analyzed by SPSS 25. Data was normally distributed. The level of significance was kept at p<0.05. Unpaired t-test and paired t-test were used for inter & intra group comparison respectively.

Result:
Total 30 RSP and 30 NI, had mean age 28.53±6.45 years, average range of IR (dominant hand) (RSP-65.470±2.610, NI-67.200 ±4.410), range of ER (dominant hand) (RSP-92.870±2.220, NI-90.830 ±3.490), average strength IR (RSP-5.43±1.21kg, NI-5.56±1.33kg), ER (RSP-4.49±0.98kg, NI-4.98±1.35kg) mean proprioception IR(RSP-2.23±0.63, NI-2.33±0.66),ER (RSP-2.00±0.91, NI-2.50±0.68). ER range was significantly higher (p=0.0094) in RSP. No significant difference was seen in IR range, IR & ER strength and proprioception (p>0.05).

Conclusions:
The ER range was higher in RSP. There was no difference in IR range, strength and proprioception between RSP and NI.

Implication:
In RSP, shoulder rotator strength & proprioception should be increased to optimize shoulder function.
Ab. No. 94 Efficacy of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (TDCS) on the Quality of Sleep for Management of Sleep APNEA: A Review Study
Authors: Nandwani Gehna , Arumugam Narkeesh , Midha Divya 
Published: June 2024

Introduction:
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of tDCS on quality of sleep for the conservative management of sleep apnea. Sleep Apnea is characterized by excessive diurnal sleepiness and neuropsychiatric changes (mood swings), affecting quality of life. Hence, this study explores the efficacy of tDCS on sleep quality to widen the spectrum of management for sleep apnea.

Methods:
Randomized clinical trials and cross over trials published within 2016 to 2023.
The research was performed on various databases including PubMed, SCOPUS, and search engines including Research Gate and Google scholar. The data was limited to last 8 years (2016 to 2023). 20 Articles were identified out of which 7 articles full filled the inclusion criteria were selected. PRISMA methodology guidelines were used for data extraction.
Qualitative analysis of study was done using PEDro scale. According to PEDro analysis, majority of articles included were good quality (score 4 to 6).

Result:
Total of 7 studies on efficacy of tDCS on sleep were reviewed, the data showed significant results on improving sleep quality. It was identified that tDCS uses cortico-thalamo-cortical feedback loop initiating slow wave activity which increases stage 3 and 4 (deep sleep) in Non Rapid eye Movement (NREM) sleep. Hence, improving the sleep quality and thereby quality of life.

Conclusion:
The use of tDCS in the treatment of sleep disorders such as sleep apnea is effective as an auxiliary source in the treatment, ensuring the resumption of patients’ quality of life by improving the quality and time of sleep. Thus, tDCS can be implemented as a choice of modality for management of individuals with sleep apnea.

Implications:
tDCS has found to be portable, feasible and relatively safe, thus can be used in management of sleep apnea patients.