bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary management of urea cycle disorders: UK practice
Authors: Adam S. , Champion H. , Daly A. , Dawson S. , Dixon M. , Dunlop C. , Eardley J. , Evans S. , Ferguson C. , Jankowski C. , Lowry S. , MacDonald A. , Maritz C. , Micciche A. , Robertson L. , Stafford J. , Terry A. , Thom R. , van Wyk K. , Webster D. , White F. J. , Wildgoose J. ,   on behalf of the British Inherited Metabolic Diseases Group (BIMDG) Dietitian’s Group
Published: May 2012

Adam S., Champion H., Daly A., Dawson S., Dixon M., Dunlop C., Eardley J., Evans S., Ferguson C., Jankowski C., Lowry S., MacDonald A., Maritz C., Micciche A., Robertson L., Stafford J., Terry A., Thom R., van Wyk K., Webster D., White F.J. & Wildgoose J. on behalf of the British Inherited Metabolic Diseases Group (BIMDG) Dietitian's Group. (2012) Dietary management of urea cycle disorders: UK practice.J Hum Nutr Diet.25, 398–404AbstractBackground: There is no published data describing UK dietary management of urea cycle disorders (UCD). The present study describes dietary practices in UK inherited metabolic disorder (IMD) centres.Methods: Cross‐sectional data from 16 IMD centres were collected by a questionnaire describing the management of UCD patients on prescribed protein‐restricted diets.Results: One hundred and seventy‐five patients [N‐acetylglutamate synthase deficiency,n = 3; carbamoyl phosphate synthase deficiency (CPS),n = 8; ornithine transcarbamoylase deficiency (OTC),n = 75; citrullinaemia,n = 41; argininosuccinic aciduria (ASA),n = 36; arginase deficiency,n = 12] were reported; 70% (n = 123) aged 0–16 years; 30% (n = 52) >16 years. Prescribed median protein intake decreased with age (0–6 months: 2 g kg−1 day−1; 7–12 months: 1.6 g kg−1 day−1; 1–10 years: 1.3 g kg−1 day−1; 11–16 years: 0.9 g kg−1 day−1and >16 years: 0.8 g kg−1 day−1) with little variation between disorders. Adult protein prescription ranged 0.4–1.2 g kg−1 day−1(40–60 g day−1). In the previous 2 years, 30% (n = 53) were given essential amino acid supplements (EAAs) (CPS,n = 2; OTC, n = 20; citrullinaemia,n = 15; ASA,n = 7; arginase deficiency,n = 9). EAAs were prescribed for low plasma quantitative essential amino acids (n = 13 centres); inadequate natural protein intake (n = 11) and poor metabolic control (n = 9). From diagnosis, one centre prescribed EAAs for all patients and one centre for severe defects only. Only 3% (n = 6) were given branch chain amino acid supplements. Enteral feeding tubes were used by 25% (n = 44) for feeds and 3% (n = 6) for medications. Oral energy supplements were prescribed in 17% (n = 30) of cases.Conclusions: In the UK, protein restriction based on World Health Organization ‘safe intakes of protein’, is the principle dietary treatment for UCD. EAA supplements are prescribed mainly on clinical need. Multicentre collaborative research is required to define optimal dietary treatments.
Invasion facilitates hybridization with introgression in the Rattus rattus species complex
Authors: LACK JUSTIN B. , GREENE DANIEL U. , CONROY CHRIS JOHN , HAMILTON MEREDITH J. , BRAUN JANET K. , MARES MICHAEL A. , VAN DEN BUSSCHE RONALD A. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBiological invasions result in novel species interactions, which can have significant evolutionary impacts on both native and invading taxa. One evolutionary concern with invasions is hybridization among lineages that were previously isolated, but make secondary contact in their invaded range(s). Black rats, consisting of several morphologically very similar but genetically distinct taxa that collectively have invaded six continents, are arguably the most successful mammalian invaders on the planet. We used mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences, two nuclear gene sequences (Atp5a1 and DHFR) and nine microsatellite loci to examine the distribution of three invasive black rat lineages (Rattus tanezumi, Rattus rattus I and R. rattus IV) in the United States and Asia and to determine the extent of hybridization among these taxa. Our analyses revealed two mitochondrial lineages that have spread to multiple continents, including a previously undiscovered population of R. tanezumi in the south‐eastern United States, whereas the third lineage (R. rattus IV) appears to be confined to Southeast Asia. Analyses of nuclear DNA (both sequences and microsatellites) suggested significant hybridization is occurring among R. tanezumi and R. rattus I in the United States and also suggest hybridization between R. tanezumi and R. rattus IV in Asia, although further sampling of the latter species pair in Asia is required. Furthermore, microsatellite analyses suggest unidirectional introgression from both R. rattus I and R. rattus IV into R. tanezumi. Within the United States, introgression appears to be occurring to such a pronounced extent that we were unable to detect any nuclear genetic signal for R. tanezumi, and a similar pattern was detected in Asia.
Internal waves vs. surface storm waves: a review on the origin of hummocky cross‐stratification
Authors: Morsilli Michele , Pomar Luis 
Published: May 2012

Terra Nova, 24, 273–282, 2012AbstractHummocky cross‐stratification (HCS) is considered a diagnostic structure of surface storm activity at the shoreface–offshore transition. However, the origin of HCS is still debated. Laboratory experiments have not yet reproduced it and direct observations on the continental shelves do not exist. Most hydrodynamic interpretations invoke pure oscillatory flows, unidirectional‐dominated combined flows and oscillatory‐dominated flows, but they all share the assumption of HCS to reflect the combined action of surface storm waves and related currents. Within this context of uncertainties, internal waves (gravity waves propagating along the pycnocline) provide an alternative mechanism to explain the origin of HCS. Internal waves breaking on the shelf create episodic high‐turbulence events and induce upslope‐ and downslope currents as well as oscillatory flows at the depth where the pycnocline intersects the sea floor. In this scenario, both the oscillatory‐ and the unidirectional components needed for HCS to form are not necessarily linked to surface storm waves, but can occur at various depth as far and near there is a pycnocline where internal waves can form.
Nationwide integrated mapping of three neglected tropical diseases in Togo: countrywide implementation of a novel approach
Authors: Dorkenoo A. M. , Bronzan R. N. , Ayena K. D. , Anthony G. , Agbo Y. M. , Sognikin K. S. E. , Dogbe K. S. , Amza A. , Sodahlon Y. , Mathieu E. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjective  To conduct a nationwide integrated neglected tropical disease (NTD) prevalence survey to define the need for public health interventions using an innovative mapping protocol.Methods  Two villages were selected in every peripheral health unit in endemic districts: 29 districts for schistosomiasis and STH, 15 of them for trachoma. In each village, 15 children aged 6–9 years at a randomly selected school were tested. An additional convenience sample of 35 children aged 1–5 years underwent an eye examination for trachoma. This integrated mapping was followed by a 20‐cluster trachoma survey in each district that surpassed the WHO‐defined threshold of 10% prevalence of trachomatous inflammation‐follicular (TF).Results  A total of 1096 villages were surveyed in <6 weeks. The district prevalence of schistosomiasis ranged from 2 to 49% and of STH from 5 to 70%, with prevalence at the village level ranging from 0 to 100% for both diseases. Two districts passed the threshold of 10% for active trachoma, but the cluster survey indicated this was because of misclassification bias and that the real prevalence was <1%.Conclusion  Results of this mapping were used by the MoH and partners to plan integrated mass drug administration (MDA). Mass drug administration for trachoma was not implemented as no district passed the threshold requiring public health intervention.
The sexual behaviour of adolescents in sub‐Saharan Africa: patterns and trends from national surveys
Authors: Doyle Aoife M. , Mavedzenge Sue Napierala , Plummer Mary L. , Ross David A. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjectives  To describe the sexual and reproductive behaviour of adolescents in sub‐Saharan Africa, particularly 15‐ to 19‐year‐olds.Methods  Using DHS/AIS data (2000–2010), nine indicators of adolescent behaviour and one of adult attitudes towards condom education for adolescents were described for 24 countries. Indicators were disaggregated by gender, urban/rural residency and educational status, and time trends were described.Results  Up to 25% of 15‐ to 19‐year‐olds reported sex before age 15; this proportion shrank over time in many countries. In most countries, ≥5% of females reported marriage before age 15, and >20% had commenced childbearing. Early sexual debut and childbearing were more common among the least educated and/or rural females. Reporting of multiple sexual partnerships was more common among males than among females, but decreases over time were more common among males. Urban males and females, and females with higher education, were more likely to report multiple partnerships. Urban youth and those with higher education also reported more condom use. Adult support for condom education for 12‐ to 14‐year‐olds has increased over time to 60–65%.Conclusions  Many 15‐ to 19‐year‐olds are at risk of HIV/STIs and unplanned pregnancies because of multiple partnerships and insufficient condom and other contraceptive use. In many countries, trends are moving in a favourable direction. To better inform prevention programmes in this important area, we recommend routine collection of sexual and reproductive behaviour data for adolescents aged <15 years, expanding the data collected for 15‐ to 19‐year‐olds to include detailed information on sexual behaviour within partnerships, and disaggregating data according to sociodemographic variables.
Hospital‐based surveillance for Lassa fever in Edo State, Nigeria, 2005–2008
Authors: Ehichioya Deborah U. , Asogun Danny A. , Ehimuan Jacqueline , Okokhere Peter O. , Pahlmann Meike , Ölschläger Stephan , Becker‐Ziaja Beate , Günther Stephan , Omilabu Sunday A. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjectives  To estimate the burden of Lassa fever in northern and central Edo, a state in south Nigeria where Lassa fever has been reported.Methods  Blood samples were obtained from 60 patients hospitalised at the Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital (ISTH), Irrua, with a clinical suspicion of Lassa fever and from 451 febrile outpatients seen at the ISTH and hospitals in Ekpoma, Iruekpen, Uromi, Auchi and Igarra. All samples were tested retrospectively by Lassa virus‐specific RT‐PCR. Outpatients were additionally screened for Lassa virus‐specific antibodies by indirect immunofluorescent antibody assay.Results  Lassa virus was detected in 25 of 60 (42%) patients with a clinical suspicion of Lassa fever. The disease affected persons of all age groups and with various occupations, including healthcare workers. The clinical picture was dominated by gastrointestinal symptoms. The case fatality rate was 29%. Lassa virus was detected in 2 of 451 (0.44%) febrile outpatients, and 8 (1.8%) were positive for Lassa virus‐specific IgG.Conclusions  Lassa fever contributes to hospital mortality in Edo State. The low prevalence of the disease among outpatients and the low seroprevalence may indicate that the population‐level incidence is not high. Surveillance for Lassa fever should focus on the hospitalised patient.
Cytochrome 1A1 and 1B1 gene diversity in the Zanzibar islands
Authors: Cavaco I. , Piedade R. , Msellem M. I. , Bjorkman A. , Gil J. P. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAmodiaquine (AQ) is a 4‐aminoquinoline widely used in the treatment of malaria as part of the artemisinin combination therapy (ACT). AQ is metabolised towards its main metabolite desethylamodiaquine mainly by cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8). CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 play a minor role in the metabolism but they seem to be significantly involved in the formation of the short‐lived quinine‐imine. To complete the genetic variation picture of the main genes involved in AQ metabolism in the Zanzibar population, previously characterised for CYP2C8, we analysed in this study CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 main genetic polymorphisms. The results obtained show a low frequency of the CYP1A1*2B/C allele (2.4%) and a high frequency of CYP1B1*6 (approximately 42%) followed by CYP1B1*2 (approximately 27%) in Zanzibar islands. Genotype data for CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 show a low incidence of fast metabolisers, revealing a relatively safe genetic background in Zanzibar’s population regarding the appearance of adverse effects.
Which patients are more likely to benefit from renal transplantation?
Authors: De Lima José Jayme Galvão , Gowdak Luís Henrique Wolff , de Paula Flávio Jota , César Luiz Antonio Machado , Ramires José Antonio Franchini , Bortolotto Luiz A. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackgroundWe evaluated whether the advantages conferred by renal transplantation encompass all individuals or whether they favor more specific groups of patients.MethodsOne thousand and fifty‐eight patients on the transplant waiting list and 270 receiving renal transplant were studied. End points were the composite incidence of CV events and death. Patients were followed up from date of placement on the list until transplantation, CV event, or death (dialysis patients), or from the date of transplantation, CV event, return to dialysis, or death (transplant patients).ResultsYounger patients with no comorbidities had a lower incidence of CV events and death independently of the treatment modality (log‐rank = 0.0001). Renal transplantation was associated with better prognosis only in high‐risk patients (p = 0.003).ConclusionsAge and comorbidities influenced the prevalence of CV complications and death independently of the treatment modality. A positive effect of renal transplantation was documented only in high‐risk patients. These findings suggest that age and comorbidities should be considered indication for early transplantation even considering that, as a group, such patients have a shorter survival compared with low‐risk individuals.
Clinical analysis of emergency liver transplantation: the role of living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Kim Say‐June , Yoon Yung‐Chul , Yoo Young‐Kyung , Park Jung‐Hyun , Kim Dong‐Goo 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe current liver allocation system requires reevaluation because of the advancements in peri‐transplantation care and surgical techniques. And, the role of living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) in an emergency has not been determined yet. Retrospective review of all patients undergoing emergency liver transplantation (LT) from January 2000 to June 2010 was conducted, and clinical data were analyzed. Of the total 505 LTs, 69 patients (13.7%) underwent an emergency LT. Of these, 54 patients (78.3%) underwent LDLT using a right liver, and 15 patients (21.7%) underwent deceased donor liver transplantation (DDLT). The overall hospital mortality was 21.7% (15/69). The leading cause of death after transplantation was sepsis (60.0%). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that a model for end‐stage liver disease (MELD) >33 [hazard ratio (HR), 16.6; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.443–191.632; p = 0.024] and existence of pre‐transplantation intubation (HR, 18.2; 95% CI, 1.463–225.483; p = 0.024) were independent factors associated with poor survival after emergency LT. LDLT group and DDLT group showed no difference in hospital mortality (p = 0.854) and graft survival (p = 0.861). Thus, MELD score and respiratory insufficiency could be parameters predicting post‐transplant survival. And, LDLT using the right liver could be an appropriate alternative to DDLT in an emergency.
Histological evolution of hepatitis C virus infection after renal transplantation
Authors: de Oliveira Uehara Silvia Naomi , Emori Christini Takemi , Pereira Patrícia da Silva Fucuta , Perez Renata M. , Pestana José Osmar Medina , Lanzoni Valéria Pereira , Silva Ivonete Sandra Souza e , Silva Antonio Eduardo Benedito , Ferraz Maria Lucia Cardoso Gomes 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackgroundinformation regarding histological progression of hepatitis C after renal transplant (RTx) is scarce.AimsTo analyze clinical and laboratory evolution and histological progression of hepatitis C in patients evaluated before and after RTx.MethodsTwenty‐two HCV‐infected patients submitted to liver biopsy pre‐ and post‐RTx were included. A semiquantitative analysis of necroinflammatory activity and fibrosis staging was performed and the two biopsies were compared.ResultsPatients were mostly men (73%) with mean age of 36 ± 9 yr. Time post‐transplant was 4 ± 2 yr and time between biopsies was 5 ± 2 yr. An elevation of alanine aminotransferase (p = 0.041) and aspartate aminotransferase (p = 0.004) levels was observed in the post‐transplant period. Fibrosis progression after renal transplantation was observed in 11 (50%) of the patients, and necroinflammatory activity worsening was observed in 7 (32%) of the patients. The histological progression occurred even among those without significant histological lesions in pre‐transplant biopsy.ConclusionThe findings of this study suggest that the practice of indicating treatment in the pre‐transplant phase based mainly on histological disease should be revised, because a high proportion of patients present disease progression. Because interferon cannot be used safely after RTx, treatment should be indicated for all ESRD patients with hepatitis C.
Perspectives on allergen‐specific immunotherapy in childhood: An EAACI position statement
Authors: Calderon M. A. , Gerth van Wijk R. , Eichler I. , Matricardi P. M. , Varga E. M. , Kopp M. V. , Eng P. , Niggemann B. , Nieto A. , Valovirta E. , Eigenmann P. A. , Pajno G. , Bufe A. , Halken S. , Beyer K. , Wahn U. 
Published: May 2012

To cite this article: Calderon MA, Gerth van Wijk R, Eichler I, Matricardi PM, Varga EM, Kopp MV, Eng P, Niggemann B, Nieto A, Valovirta E, Eigenmann PA, Pajno G, Bufe A, Halken S, Beyer K, Wahn U. Perspectives on allergen‐specific immunotherapy in childhood: An EAACI position statement. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2012: 23: 300–306.AbstractThis article is the result of consensus reached by a working group of clinical experts in paediatric allergology as well as representatives from an ethical committee and the European Medicine Agency (EMA). The manuscript covers clinical, scientific, regulatory and ethical perspectives on allergen‐specific immunotherapy in childhood. Unmet needs are identified. To fill the gaps and to bridge the different points of view, recommendations are made to researchers, to scientific and patient organizations and to regulators and ethical committees. Working together for the benefit of the community is essential. The European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) serves as the platform of such cooperation.
Variation in floral longevity in the genus Leptosiphon: mating system consequences
Authors: Weber J. J. , Goodwillie C. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPollination or fertilisation trigger floral senescence in a wide range of flowering plants, and yet little attention has been given to the implications of this phenomenon to mating system evolution. We examined the effects of pollination on floral senescence in the genus Leptosiphon. Species in the genus exhibit a wide range of breeding systems. In all cases, compatible pollination induced senescence; emasculated flowers lived longer than hand‐outcrossed flowers. In the self‐compatible species, Leptosiphon acicularis and L. bicolor, and in one highly selfing population of L. jepsonii, unmanipulated flowers had reduced longevity compared to emasculated flowers, suggesting that autonomous self‐pollination limits floral longevity in these species. Limited floral longevity in these highly selfing taxa may reduce opportunities for male outcross success, representing a possible source of selection on the mating system. In turn, the mating system might influence how selection acts on floral longevity; obligately outcrossing taxa are expected to benefit from longer floral longevities to maximise opportunities for pollination, while selfing taxa might benefit from earlier floral senescence to reduce resource expenditure. Overall, the longevity of unpollinated flowers increased with the level of outcrossing in the genus Leptosiphon. Our results taken together with those of a previous study and similar results in other species suggest that floral longevity may represent a largely unexamined role in mating system evolution.
Development of a direct test of baculovirus resistance in wild codling moth populations
Authors: Schulze‐Bopp S. , Jehle J. A. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe occurrence of resistance of codling moth (CM, Cydia pomonella L.) to Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV) used as biological control agent revealed the need for fast and reliable resistance monitoring methods. Here, we describe the development of a laboratory resistance test that is directly performed on larvae extracted from infested apples. This test is based on a 14‐day bioassay at a discriminative CpGV concentration of 2 × 105 occlusion bodies/ml diet and can be applied to L1–L4 larvae. Information on virus resistance can be obtained within <4 weeks. In a survey, CM larvae were isolated and tested from 6698 apples from 10 different orchards in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Italy and the Netherlands. We identified seven CM populations resistant or partly resistant to CpGV isolates. Although some of the orchards were treated with commercial CpGV products, this method allowed us to obtain reliable information about the resistance status of the examined populations.
Reactivity of the 1,3‐β‐D‐glucan assay during bacteraemia: limited evidence from a prospective study
Authors: Racil Zdenek , Kocmanova Iva , Toskova Martina , Winterova Jana , Lengerova Martina , Timilsina Shira , Mayer Jiri 
Published: May 2012

SummaryThere are discrepancies in the retrospective studies published in literature of whether or not bacteraemia could lead to false positivity of 1,3‐β‐D (BG) glucan assay. We performed, for the first time, a prospective study evaluating the role of bacterial bloodstream infection to the reactivity of BG assay. Twenty‐six episodes of bacteraemia that occurred in high‐risk haematological patients were included in our study. Consecutive BG levels >80 pg ml−1 were required for test positivity. Only 2 of 26 patients were BG positive – both with IFDs. Thus, we prospectively did not prove bacteraemia as the source of cross reactivity of BG assay in haematological patients.
Molecular Cloning, Characterization of Porcine IZUMO1, an IgSF Family Member
Authors: Kim E , Kim J‐S , Lee Y , Song B‐S , Sim B‐W , Kim S‐U , Saitoh T , Yazawa H , Nunoya T , Chang K‐T 
Published: May 2012

ContentsIZUMO1, belonging to the family of mammalian immunoglobulin proteins, has been well characterized in the mouse. Here, we describe the molecular cloning and expression analysis of porcine IZUMO1 (pIZUMO1). Partial sequence information published in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database was used to generate the full‐length sequence for IZUMO1 using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). A search of the porcine genomic sequence in the NCBI database identified a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) encoding the pIZUMO1 gene. This BAC is derived from porcine chromosome 6 and is syntenic with the corresponding regions of mouse, bovine, and human genomes encoding the IZUMO gene family. This BAC was found to encode an IZUMO1 protein with a predicted amino acid sequence having high similarity with mouse and human IZUMO1. Western blot analysis of proteins from porcine tissues indicated that pIZUMO1 was specifically expressed in the sperm. Furthermore, to confirm whether pIZUMO1 forms complexes, we overexpressed pIZUMO1 in HEK293 cells. The recombinant pIZUMO1 from cell extracts was found to form complexes. Our finding suggests that pIZUMO1 forms homodimeric complex on the sperm membrane. Furthermore, an IVF inhibition assay with an antibody for the porcine IZUMO1 Ig‐like domain showed that Ig‐like domain effectively prevented pig sperm–egg interactions.