bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cell growth and metabolic products of Escherichia coli in nitrate respiration
Authors: Ishimoto M. , Yamamoto Isamu 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWhen a culture of E. coli strain K‐10, grown in a complex medium was transferred to a defined medium containing glucose and ammonia, two‐phasic growth was observed under aerobic conditions; complex nutrients from the preculture were consumed for growth in the first phase and growth in the second phase depended on the defined nutrients. The cells in the second phase grew immediately in a defined medium when transferred after washing, but the cells from the preculture did not. Under anaerobic conditions, nitrate stimulated growth, but growth stopped at low levels depending on the amounts of complex nutrients, even though glucose remained. In nitrate respiration, cells could not adapt to growth on defined nutrients after the exhaustion of the complex nutrients, while cells obtained from an aerobic culture in defined medium could anaerobically grow in defined medium with nitrate.Metabolic products of glucose as well as cell growth were investigated under the conditions of nitrate respiration, fermentation, and respiration in defined and in complex media. When the pH was maintained at 7.4, ethanol, acetate, and formate were formed as main products in a ratio of 1:1:2 under anaerobic conditions in both media. Small amounts of succinate, lactate, and pyruvate were also formed, especially in the complex medium. In the presence of nitrate, ethanol disappeared and acetate increased with the formation of nitrite, while formate decreased a little at the end of the growth period. In the aerobic culture, transient formation of acetate was observed, especially in the complex medium; little ethanol, succinate, and lactate was formed in this case. The molar growth yields on glucose in the anaerobic cultures were twice as high in the presence of nitrate than in its absence in both media and 1.5 times higher in the complex than in the defined medium in the absence and presence of nitrate, but the yields under aerobic conditions were higher in the defined than in the complex medium.
Stickstoffverwertung und Xanthanbildung bei Xanthomonas campestris
Authors: Behrens U. , Makarskij A. , Ambrosius J. , Franke R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn media with mixed nitrogen sources (nitrate plus yeast extract) a three auxic growth is observed. The first growth phase is characterized by preferential utilization of the amino acids of the yeast autolysate and the utilization of only small amounts of nitrate. During the second growth phase nitrate is preferentially utilized. In the third phase there is only growth without dividing of cells and the accumulation of xanthan takes place. The change from growth by dividing to growth without dividing means a change from balanced to unbalanced growthIt is proposed that xanthan production is connected with unbalanced growth.
Vergleichende morphologische Untersuchungen an Hefezellen mit Hilfe der automatischen Bildanalyse
Authors: Mühlig P. , Strunk Ch. , Kühne Ch. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe ultrastructural alterations in cells of Candida utilis caused by the influence of copper ions have been studied by means of quantitative image analysis. A model has been proposed which presents the following informations: The main effect of the copper ions is represented by an increase of the volume of the whole cell and of that part of the cell which consists of nucleus, vacuoles, and inclusions (particles and globules). Nevertheless, neither the absolute volume of mitochondria, nor the density of mitochondria are influenced by high concentrations of copper ions in the culture medium.
Sodium chloride stimulated respiration of Anacystis nidulans
Authors: Paschinger H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWith certain salts a stimulation of respiration of the blue‐green alga Anacystis nidulans was found in the dark. The stimulation was observed only at high concentrations (10−2 M—10−1M). NaCl or LiCl are the most effective salts and on addition the increase of the respiration is about 2.5fold. Li is assumed to function as a substitute for Na. Potassium salts, except KCl, are ineffective. The order for the effectiveness is: NaCl > NaNO3, Na2SO4 > KCl > KNO3, K2SO4 (=zero). Accordingly, the cation Na+, and to a less degree the anion Cl are responsible for the stimulatory effect. K, which is ineffective, is passively accumulated by Anacystis according to the membrane potential. Na is actively extruded. At 0.1 M external NaCl, the passive influx of Na is high, but even then it is balanced by an active efflux. This increases the energy consumption of the cells and leads to a stimulated respiration. With DCCD (N,N′‐dicyclohexylcarbodiimide) or NEM (N‐ethylmaleimide), the Na efflux is inhibited, simultaneously the stimulation of respiration is abolished and the passive influx of Na becomes detectable. At 0.1 M NaCl, the passive influx of Na measured in presence of DCCD is 5 × 10−6 moles Na/min and ml packed cells. In absence of DCCD on addition of 0.1 M NaCl the extra oxygen consumption is 2 × 10−6 moles O2/min and ml cells. This may prove that the stimulation of respiration is mainly caused by the active Na extrusion.
Physiologie und Biochemie der Streptomyceten XI. Unterschiedlicher Einbau von D‐Glucose‐u‐14C in die Paromomycin‐Isomere und in die Bausteine von Paromomycin I
Authors: Köster H. , Liebermann B. , Reuter G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDuring application of D‐glucose‐u‐14C paromomycine II is higher labelled and shows a different dependence on the application time than paromomycine I, which is isomer at the paromose partFor the two paromose isomeres different rates of synthesis are supposed that change nonproportionally to each other. The distribution of radioactivity in paromomycine I shows that there is no fragmentation of the glucose chain during the biosynthesis of glucosamine, ribose, and paromose I. As to the 2‐deoxystreptamine the result has not been ascertained.
Enzymes of the yeast lytic system produced by Arthrobacter GJM‐1 bacterium and their role in the lysis of yeast cell walls
Authors: Vršanská M. , Biely P. , Krátký Z. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractYeast lytic system produced by Arthrobacter GJM‐1 bacterium during growth on baker's yeast cell walls contains a complete set of enzymes which can hydrolyze all structural components of cell walls of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Chromatographic fractionation of the lytic system showed the presence of two types of endo‐ß‐1,3‐glucanase. Rapid lysis of isolated cell walls of yeast was induced only by endo‐ß‐1,3‐glucanase exhibiting high affinity to insoluble ß‐1,3‐glucans and releasing laminaripentaose as the main product of hydrolysis of ß‐1,3‐glucans. This enzyme was able to lyse intact cells of S. cerevisiae only in the presence of an additional factor present in the Arthrobacter GJM‐1 lytic system, which was identified as an alkaline protease. This enzyme possesses the lowest molecular weight among other identified enzyme components present in the lytic system. Its role in the solubilization of yeast cell walls from the outer surface by endo‐ß‐1,3‐glucanase could be substituted by preincubation of cells with Pronase or by allowing the glucanase to act on cells in the presence of thiol reagents. The mechanism of lysis of intact cells and isolated cell walls by the enzymes of Arthrobacter GJM‐1 is discussed in the light of the present conception of yeast cell wall structure.
Two kinds of lithotrophs missing in nature
Authors: Broda E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTwo groups of lithotrophic bacteria, the existence of which may be expected on evolutionary and thermodynamical grounds, have not yet been detected: (A) photosynthetic, anaerobic, ammonia bacteria, analogous to coloured sulphur bacteria, and (B) chemosynthetic bacteria that oxidize ammonia to nitrogen with O2 or nitrate as oxidant.
DNS‐Stoffwechsel einer temperatursensitiven filamentösen Mutante von Bacillus subtilis SB 19
Authors: Schröder D. , Mach Hiltraut , Mach F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDie temperatursensitive filamentöse Mutante ts 33‐6 von B. subtilis SB 19 zeichnet sich durch unterschiedliches Teilungsvermögen bei restriktiver und permissiver Temperatur aus (30 °C Kurzstäbchen, 46 °C Filamente). Sie verfügt unter restriktiven Verhältnissen (46 °C) über einen funktionsfähigen Replikationsmechanismus. Die während der Sporenkeimung bei 45 °C begonnene DNS‐Replikation kann auch unter restriktiven Temperaturbedingungen beendet werdenKurzzeitige Beeinflussung gekeimter Sporen durch Inkubation bei 48 °C und anschließender shift down zu 46 °C verändern den DNS‐Syntheseablauf, verhindern jedoch die Filamentbildung nichtTeilungsinduktion durch Temperaturwechsel von 46 °C zu 30 °C ist mit gesteigerter DNS‐Synthese gekoppelt. Gegenüber einer bei 46 °C verbleibenden Kontrolle verstärkt sich die DNS‐SyntheseaktivitätDie DNS‐Synthese nach Temperaturerniedrigung läuft unabhängig von der Proteinsynthesehemmung durch Chloramphenicol ab. Auch bei blockierter RNS‐Synthese in aminosäurefreiem Medium ist die DNS‐Replikation möglich. Lediglich Mitomycin C in geeigneten Konzentrationen hemmt bzw. beeinflußt die DNS‐Replikation nach shift down.
Einbau von Thymidin in die DNS von Actinomyceten I. Der Einbau exogenen Thymidins in die DNS von Thermoactinomyces vulgaris
Authors: Strohbach G. , Kretschmer Sigrid 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe incorporation of exogenous thymidine and thymine into acid‐insoluble material of Thermoactinomyces vulgaris has been studied during germination and subsequent growthThymine is not incorporated. The incorporation of thymidine stops after a short time due to the rapid breakdown of thymidine to thymine and deoxyribose‐1‐phosphate by the inducible thymidine phosphorylaseDeoxyadenosine enhances the incorporation of thymidine as well as of thymine and prolongs the time of uptake. Uridine stimulates only the incorporation of thymidine but not of thymine. These effects can be explained by the function of these substances within the salvage pathway. Deoxyadenosine acts as donor of deoxyribosyl groups being necessary for the conversion of thymine to thymidine by thymidine phosphorylase and uridine inhibits thymidine phosphorylase, and thereby it prevents the degradation of thymidine to thymineThymidine is incorporated into alkali‐, RNase‐ and protease‐stable, hot TCA‐soluble and DNasesensitive material. That means that the cellular DNA of T. vulgaris can be specifically labelled by radioactive thymidine in the presence of deoxyadenosine and uridine, respectively.
Variability of nitrogen fixation in some isolates of Nostoc linckia
Authors: Ladha J. K. , Kumar H. D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFour clonal isolates of Nostoc linckia isolated from different localities were compared with respect to growth, nitrogen content (cellular and extracellular), and pigment composition. A considerable range of variation was observed among these isolates. This indicates the existence of genetically distinct clonal populations of the alga in natural habitats.
Effect of a new fluorochrome on pre‐ and post‐UV treatment of Taphrina maculans BUTLER
Authors: Singh U. P. , Nagai Susumu 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTaphrina maculans BUTLER incites leaf spots disease in turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) plants. The pathogen forms two types of colonies namely, salmon‐red and creamy‐white in the artificial medium when isolated from a single infection spot. Both strains resemble yeasts in morphology. The two strains were subjected to UV irradiation. The salmon‐red one showed higher resistance to UV than the white one, presumably due to the presence of a red pigment in the former. When spores of the salmon‐red strain were pre‐treated with a new fluorochrome HOECHST 33258 the survival decreased. Decreased survival of the salmon‐red strain was also observed during post‐treatment which is probably due to the combined effect of UV and dyeThe creamy‐white strain differs from the salmon‐red one in UV sensitivity, and also during combined treatment with UV and dye. During pre‐treatment the organism shows more survival than during post‐treatment with the fluorochrome. This differential response is discussed in the light of repair mechanisms involved in the organism.
Reduction of trimethylamine N‐oxide by Escherichia coli as anaerobic respiration
Authors: Ishimoto M. , Shimokawa O. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractE. coli was found to grow anaerobically on lactate in the presence of trimethylamine N‐oxide (TMANO), reducing it to trimethylamine. Anaerobic growth on glucose was promoted in the presence of TMANO. When a culture grown in complex medium was transferred to defined medium, growth on glucose and ammonia took place in the presence of TMANO after consumption of complex nutrients introduced with the preculture, in contrast to growth in nitrate respiration. The amounts of ethanol, succinate, and lactate among the fermentation products were decreased and that of acetate was increased in the presence of TMANO. Formate generation was much reduced at pH 7.4, whereas stoichiometric formation of formate was observed in the absence of TMANO. Cells grown anaerobically in the presence of TMANO had a higher activity of amine N‐oxide reductase than cells grown under other conditions. The content of cytochrome‐558 was elevated in the presence of TMANO during growth in complex medium. Cytochrome c‐552 found in cells grown in diluted complex medium or defined medium in the presence of TMANO was oxidized by TMANO in cell extracts. The molar growth yield on glucose was higher in the presence of TMANO than in its absence and lower than that in the presence of nitrate.
Wirkung von Prolinanalogen auf Claviceps purpurea
Authors: Schlee D. , Reinbothe H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractEs wird die Wirkung von L‐Prolin und Prolinanalogen auf das Wachstum, die Alkaloidproduktion und den Prolinstoffwechsel des Claviceps purpurea‐Stammes pepty 695 untersucht. Von den geprüften Strukturanalogen 4‐Hydroxyprolin, Pyrrolidin und Azetidin‐2‐carbonsäure (AZC) zeigt nur letztere Verbindung in Abhängigkeit von der Konzentration (0,1‐1,0 mm) deutliche wachstumshemmende Aktivität. Bei Applikation zu Fermentationsbeginn unterdrücken 0,5, 0,75 und 1,0 mm AZC die Alkaloidsynthese, bezogen auf Trockenmasse, zu 27, 59 bzw. 72%. Bei Applikation zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt (2., 3. und 6. Tag) ist AZC wirkungslos. Die Hemmwirkung der AZC richtet sich auf das Aufnahmevermögen für Prolin und den Einbau von Radiokohlenstoff aus Prolin‐U‐14C in das Protein und die Alkaloidfraktion.L‐Prolin‐U14C wird nur zu einem geringen Teil über Glutamat metabolisiert. Auf diesen Umsatz sowie auf den Stoffwechsel von l‐Alanin‐ und l‐Glutaminsäure‐U‐14C hat das Prolinanalogon keinen Einfluß.
Photochemistry and photobiology of 5‐azacytidine: Effect of repair on photostabilization of Escherichia coli
Authors: Hradečná Z. , Kittler L. , Löber G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe photochemical stability of the anomalous nucleic acid base 5‐azacytidine (z5Cyd)1) on irradiation at 254 nm is by about one order of magnitude less than that of cytidine (Cyd). Contrary to the photochemical behaviour, incorporation of z5Cyd into the nucleic acids of E. coli strains SR 20 (uvr+ rec+), SR 74 (uvr+ rec−) and SR 22 (uvr− rec+) produced a higher resistance to UV light. Only the SR 73 (uvr− rec−) strain was shown to have an increased UV sensitivity. This latter finding is in accord with the photochemical properties of z5Cyd. The results led to the conclusion that excision and recombination repair processes contribute to the observable protective effect. The fact that inhibition of excission repair by caffeine or proflavine of the mutant uvr+ rec− changes protection into sensitization supports this idea.
Oxydation von homologen aliphatischen Aldehyden durch membrangebundene und solubilisierte Aldehyddehydrogenase aus Acinetobacter calcoaceticus
Authors: Sorger H. , Aurich H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractLangkettige Kohlenwasserstoffe induzieren bei Acinetobacter calcoaceticus die Synthese einer NADP+‐abhängigen Aldehyddehydrogenase. Das Enzym ist membrangebunden. Es kann durch Detergentien solubilisiert werden. Deren Wirksamkeit in der Solubilisierung nimmt in folgender Reihe ab: Desoxycholat, Triton X‐100, Triton X‐405, Brij 35, Tween 80. Bei Desoxycholatkonzentrationen um 0,15% ist die Solubilisierung maximal. Bei geringeren Desoxycholatmengen kommt es zu einer Erhöhung der Aktivität des Enzyms.Membrangebundene und solubiliserte Aldehyddehydrogenase wurde auf ihre kinetischen Eigenschaften untersucht. Mit steigender Kettenlänge der Aldehyde zeigt sich eine stärker werdende Substratüberschußhemmung. Die KM‐Werte für die Aldehyde sinken mit steigender Kettenlänge, derjenige für NADP+ liegt unabhängig vom 2. Substrat bei 2,6(±0,3)±10−4 m. Die Km‐Werte werden durch den Solubilisierungsprozeß praktisch nicht beeinflußt.
Oxygen and „strictly anaerobic”︁ intestinal bacteria II. Oxygen metabolism in strictly anaerobic bacteria
Authors: Uesugi I. , Yajima M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractOxygen metabolism of „strictly anaerobic”︁ intestinal bacteria was investigated and compared in 25 strains. Washed cell suspensions of all the bacterial strains, in which growth in a medium initially equilibrated with a gas mixture consisting of 5% O2, 5% CO2, and 90% N2 was almost the same as under anaerobic conditions, absorbed O2 at high rate. Such O2 uptake was inhibited by NaN3. Most strains in which growth was inhibited either partially or completely in the same oxygenic condition absorbed O2 at a comparably low rate, and in many cases, such O2 uptake was not inhibited by NaN3. However, in a certain strain incapable of growth in the initial presence of dissolved O2, absorption of O2 was as high as that in some aerobic bacteria, and it was inhibited by NaN3. Little interrelationship was found between the degree of oxygen tolerance and the activities of NADH‐peroxidase, H2O2‐splitting reaction or superoxide dismutase. A slight interrelationship seems to be present in the case of NADH oxidase even though many exceptions were recognized. All the strains studied had the activities of superoxide dismutase, the absence of which has been regarded as the enzymatic basis of strict anaerobiosis of „strictly anaerobic”︁ bacteria. Some strict anaerobes had high an activity of this enzyme as some aerobic bacteria. The differences in the levels of this activity seem to have some interrelationship not with differences in the degree of oxygen tolerance but with those in the genus to which every strain belongs taxonomically.
Die Enzyme der Biosynthese aromatischer Aminosäuren bei Hansenula henricii: Phosphoribosyl‐Anthranilat‐Isomerase und Indolglycerin‐Phosphat‐Synthase (E.C.4.1.1.48)
Authors: Bode R. , Birnbaum D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDie Phosphoribosyl‐Anthranilat‐Isomerase (PRA‐Isomerase) und die Indolglycerin‐Phosphat‐Synthase (InGP‐Synthase) von H. henricii lassen sich durch Ammoniumsulfatfällung, Gelfiltration, Chromatographie an DEAE‐Sephadex A‐50 und Polyacrylamid‐Disc‐Gel‐Elektrophorese nicht trennen, so daß vermutet werden muß, daß beide Enzymaktivitäten auf einem Polypeptid lokalisiert sind. Das Molekulargewicht dieses Enzymproteins wurde mittels Gelfiltration bestimmt und beträgt 185000 Dalton. Die Km‐Werte liegen bei 1, 3 mm für N‐(5′‐Phosphoribosyl)‐anthranilat (PRA) und 0,12 mm für 1‐(o‐Carboxyphenylamino)‐1‐desoxyribulose‐5‐phosphat (CdRP). Eine Regulation durch Effektoren wurde nicht gefunden.
Suche nach Nucleinsäurestoffwechsel‐beeinflussenden sowie membranaktiven potentiell cancerostatisch wirksamen Pilzinhaltsstoffen durch mikrobiologische und cytologische Screeningmethoden
Authors: Dornberger K. , Gutsche W. , Horschak R. , Zureck A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA prescreening program including microbiological and cytological assays was employed in search of potential cancerostatic antibiotics in crude extracts of mushrooms. The microbiological tests based on agar diffusion techniques consist of prophage induction test and BIP‐test. All active compounds selected by these microbiological models are potential inhibitors of nucleic acid metabolism. Cytological assays on leukemia L 1210 cells have been carried out by microscopic examination and by evaluation using an electronic particle counter. Activity was expressed as decrease of the number of single cells caused by agglutination or lysis of cells, changes in cell surface area, dye exclusion, and increase of cell volume. A wide variety of mushrooms was demonstrated to exhibit interesting activities in some of these screening systems. The influence of primary metabolic products of mushrooms on microbiological models was studied additionally. In vivo assays have not yet been accomplished.
Gewinnung und Charakterisierung von Proteasen aus Thermoactinomyces vulgaris. II. Selektion von leistungsfähigen Stämmen
Authors: Klingenberg P. , Zickler F. , Leuchtenberger A. , Ruttloff H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractEine fortlaufende Selektion proteolytisch aktiver Stämme von Thermoactinomyces vulgaris auf der Grundlage der natürlichen biologischen Variabilität verbunden mit einer Konservierung der Sporen an LUVOS‐Heilerde führt zu stabilen und leistungsgesteigerten Selektanten. Es gelingt, die Proteaseaktivität des Wildstammes von durchschnittlich 130 TE um den Faktor 8 zu steigern. Für die Beimpfung von Schüttel‐ und Submerskulturen ist ein Sporentiter von 102 je ml Nährmedium ausreichend.Die konventionelle Methode des Agardiffusionsplattentestes mit Casein als Substrat ist für die Vorauswahl potentieller Proteasebildner geeignet. Außerdem ist nach erfolgter Vorauswahl ein quantitativer Nachweis der in Submerskultur gebildeten Proteaseaktivität notwendig.
Effect of temperature on alanine uptake by membrane vesicles isolated from a psychrophilic marine bacterium
Authors: Novitsky J. A. , Morita R. Y. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe effect of temperature on the membranes of Ant‐300, a psychrophilic marine bacterium, was studied by measuring alanine uptake by isolated membrane vesicles. Uptake was observed from 0 to 35 °C. The maximum initial rate of uptake occurred at 25 °C although more alanine was ultimately taken up at temperatures from 10 to 20 °C. An ARRHENIUS plot of these data shows a single infection point at 7.8 °C.Within 10 min, over 50% of the α‐aminoisobutyric acid taken up by whole cells at 5 °C was lost after a temperature shift to 25 °C. Vesicles preloaded with alanine at 5 °C did not become leaky when shifted to 25 °C. In addition, exposure of the vesicles to 25 °C for 30 min did not affect subsequent alanine uptake at 5 °C.The data obtained suggest that the loss of the uptake and permeability control functions of membranes from psychrophilic bacteria at elevated temperatures is not due to degeneration of the membrane itself, but rather to a control or regulatory mechanism associated with whole cells.
Das anodisch wandernde thermolabile Antigen (ATA) von gramnegativen Bakterien. Sein Antikörperbildungsvermögen in Kaninchen und Mäusen
Authors: Reissbrodt R. , Eichstädt M. , Seltmann G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractInjection of purified ATA as well as of ATA‐containing crude sonic extracts of gram‐negative bacteria into rabbits or mice causes rapid occurrence of anti‐ATA antibodies. Thus, the retarded occurrence of anti‐ATA antibodies after immunization with living bacteria can be explained by the rather deep localization of ATA in the cell wall.
Die Enzyme der Biosynthese aromatischer Aminosäuren bei Hansenula henricii: Nachweis und Charakterisierung der Enzyme des Pretyrosin‐Weges
Authors: Bode R. , Birnbaum D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractHansenula hennricii synthetisiert die Aminosäure Tyrosin über den Pretyrosin‐Weg. Prephensäure wird bei diesem Organismus durch eine spezifische Aminotransferase zu Pretyrosin und dieses durch eine NAD+‐abhängige Dehydrogenase zu Tyrosin umgewandelt. Eine Prephenat‐Dehydrogenase konnte nicht nachgewiesen werden. Eine Pretyrosin‐Dehydratase, die in der Lage ist, Pretyrosin in Phenylalanin umzuwandeln, wurde ebenfalls nicht gefunden.