bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemical Synthesis and X‐Ray Structure of the Sulfone (IV) of 4′‐ Thiothymidine.
Authors: HANCOX E. L. , HAMOR T. A. , WALKER R. T. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Anti‐HIV Activity of N‐3 Amino Substituted Thymidine Nucleoside Analogs.
Authors: MAILLARD M. , FLORENT J.‐C. , LEMAITRE M. , BEGASSAT F. , BUGNICOURT A. , FERRIEUX C. , ROMBI C. , PACAUD E. , THIERRY D. , ZERIAL A. , MONNERET C. , GRIERSON D. S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure Bicyclo(3.1.0)hexanes from D‐Ribose by Intramolecular Cyclopropanation.
Authors: GALLOS J. K. , KOFTIS T. V. , KOUMBIS A. E. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Pinoresinol (I) and Its Related Compound Using Potassium Persulfate (K2S2O8) Oxidation of Benzoylacetates.
Authors: MARUYAMA J. , KOBAYASHI M. , MIYASHITA M. , KOUNO I. , IRIE H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐(Iodomethyl) Penems as Useful Substrates in the Wittig Olefination: Synthesis of 2‐Arylethenyl Penems.
Authors: ALTAMURA M. , PERROTTA E. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Kinamycins are Diazofluorenes and Not Cyanocarbazoles.
Authors: MITHANI S. , WEERATUNGA G. , TAYLOR N. J. , DMITRIENKO G. I. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Absolute Stereostructures of Altohyrtin A and Its Congeners, Potent Cytotoxic Macrolides from the Okinawan Marine Sponge Hyrtios altum.
Authors: KOBAYASHI M. , AOKI S. , KITAGAWA I. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Surugatoxin.
Authors: INOUE S. , OKADA K. , TANINO H. , HASHIZUME K. , KAKOI H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Neosurugatoxin.
Authors: INOUE S. , OKADA K. , TANINO H. , KAKOI H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Photoelectrochemical Deposition of Nickel Onto TiO2 Particles. Formation of Nickel Patterns Without Resists.
Authors: MORISHITA S. , SUZUKI K. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphate‐Based Molecular Sieves with Pores Comprised of Greater Than 12‐Rings
Authors: LI H.‐X. , DAVIS M. E. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Test Reactions for Probing the Pore Width of Large and Super‐ Large Pore Molecular Sieves
Authors: WEITKAMP J. , ERNST S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Construction of Carbon Frameworks with the Help of Ruthenium Complexes: 1,5‐Cyclooctadiene as a Reagent in Transition Metal Catalyzed Reactions
Authors: BUTENSCHOEN H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in Magnetism and Magnetic Materials
Authors: NAKAMURA Y. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
An experimental and computational study on the epimeric contribution to the infrared spectrum of budesonide
Authors: Ali H. R. H. , Edwards H. G. M. , Kendrick J. , Munshi T. , Scowen I. J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBudesonide is a mixture of 22R and 22S epimers. The epimeric content of budesonide was reported in both British and European pharmacopoeias to be within the range of 60–49/40–51 for R and S epimers, respectively. In this work, contribution of the two epimers to the overall infrared spectrum of budesonide has been investigated by quantum chemical calculations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New Chiral Ionic Liquids Based on Enantiopure Sulfate and Sulfonate Anions for Chiral Recognition
Authors: Winkel Andreas , Wilhelm René 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe synthesis of new chiral ionic liquids with chiral anions is described. Chiral sulfate anions were prepared from alcohols of the “chiral pool” in good yields. Subsequent ion metathesis resulted in new salts with tetrabutylphosphonium and 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium (BMIM) cations. In addition, the synthesis of chiral sulfonate anions from (R)‐phenylethylamine and formaldehyde–sodium hydrogen sulfate, or sodium vinyl sulfonate is shown, giving new Brønsted basic chiral ionic liquids. The potential of the new ionic liquids as chiral shift reagents was explored. It was possible to use, in addition to Mosher's acid and the Brønsted basic ionic liquids, also 2,2,2‐trifluoro‐1‐phenylethanol with the chiral salts. The neutral alcohol was found to interact with the chiral anions by hydrogen bonding.
Prenatal and early life factors and risk of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Gardener Hannah , Gao Xiang , Chen Honglei , Schwarzschild Michael A. , Spiegelman Donna , Ascherio Alberto 
Published: September 2010

AbstractFew studies have investigated the relation between early life factors and risk of Parkinson's disease (PD), although a potential role of exposures during pregnancy and childhood has been hypothesized. The study population comprised participants in two prospective cohorts: the Nurses' Health Study (121,701 female nurses followed up from 1976–2002) and the Health Professionals Follow‐up Study (51,529 male health professionals followed up from 1986–2002). PD risk was examined in relation to season of birth, birthweight, parental age at birth, preterm birth, multiple birth, ever having been breast‐fed, and handedness. We identified 659 incident PD cases. No significant relation with PD was observed for birthweight, paternal age, preterm birth, multiple birth, and having been breast‐fed. A modest nonsignificant association was suggested for season of birth (30% higher risk of PD associated with spring versus winter birth) and for older maternal age at birth (75% increased risk among those with mothers aged 30 years and older versus younger than 20 years). Left‐handedness was associated with a 62% increased risk of PD in women but not in men. Further investigation of the relation between prenatal, perinatal, or neonatal factors and PD in other study populations is suggested. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Enhancement of glutamatergic transmission in the cingulate cortex in response to mild noxious stimuli under a neuropathic pain‐like state
Authors: Niikura Keiichi , Furuya Masaharu , Narita Michiko , Torigoe Kazuhiro , Kobayashi Yasuhisa , Takemura Yoshinori , Yamazaki Mitsuaki , Horiuchi Hiroshi , Enomoto Tatsuya , Iseki Masako , Kinoshita Hiroyuki , Tomiyasu Shiro , Imai Satoshi , Kuzumaki Naoko , Suzuki Tsutomu , Narita Minoru 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPain is evoked by noxious body stimulation or through negative emotional events and memories. There are several caveats to the simple proposition that pain and emotion are linked in the cingulate cortex (CG). In this study, we investigated whether mild noxious heat stimuli could affect the neuronal activity in the CG of rats with sciatic nerve ligation. We produced a partial sciatic nerve injury by tying a tight ligature in rats. Seven days after sciatic nerve ligation, rats received mild noxious heat stimuli. Mild noxious heat stimuli produced flinching behaviors in sciatic nerve‐ligated rats, but not sham‐operated rats. In addition, the mild noxious heat stimuli caused a significant increase in the release of glutamate in the CG of nerve‐ligated rats compared with that of sham‐operated rats. Furthermore, phosphorylated‐NR1‐positive cells in this area significantly increased after mild noxious heat stimuli under a neuropathic pain. Under this condition, there were no significant changes in the levels of immediate‐early genes such as c‐fos, c‐jun, JunB, and Fra1 in the CG between nerve‐ligated and sham‐operated rats. However, mild noxious heat stimuli under a neuropathic pain‐like state produced a marked increase in the phosphorylated‐c‐jun (p‐c‐jun) immunoreactivity, which is commonly used to map neurons in the brain that can be activated afterN‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor activation. These findings raise the possibility that mild noxious heat stimuli under a peripheral nerve injury may increase the release of glutamate and promote its related postneuronal activity in the CG. Synapse, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of an earthquake on wildlife behavior: a case study of takin (Budorcas taxicolor) in Tangjiahe National Nature Reserve, China
Authors: Ge Bao‐Ming , Guan Tian‐Pei , Powell David , McShea William J. , Song Yan‐Ling 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe question of whether large‐scale disturbances, such as earthquakes, impact an animal's behavior significantly is an important question, but one that is difficult to answer due to the unpredictability of these types of events. Here, we collected 323 GPS locations of four takin (Budorcas taxicolor tibetana) in 13 days before and after a powerful (8.0 magnitude) earthquake on May 12, 2008 in Sichuan Province, China. The movement during this period was compared to that of three of the same animals during a corresponding period in 2009 (April 30 to May 25) and a slightly later 2009 period based on the start of migration (May 6 to May 31). We found that home ranges reduced in size during each study period, due to the migration process, but with no discernable differences due to the earthquake. The takin also showed the same pattern of elevation change and linear travel distance during 2008 and 2009, indicating no detectable effect of the earthquake on spatial behavior of takin. These findings add to our knowledge of how animals respond to catastrophic natural events in the wild.
Skeletal and chronological ages in American adolescents: Current findings in skeletal maturation
Authors: Calfee Ryan P. , Sutter Melanie , Steffen Jennifer A. , Goldfarb Charles A. 
Published: September 2010

Purpose This study was designed to assess the relationship between skeletal and chronological ages among current American adolescents using the Greulich and Pyle atlas for skeletal age determination. Materials and methods We used the Greulich and Pyle atlas to prospectively determine skeletal age in a group of 138 otherwise healthy American adolescents from 12 to 18 years of age. 62 males and 76 females were enrolled in this cohort. Paired Student t-tests were used to statistically compare the skeletal and chronological ages in this population. Subgroup analysis examined the effect of gender on differences between chronologic age and skeletal age. Results For the entire cohort, mean skeletal age was significantly greater than chronological age (mean 0.80 years, P < 0.01). In 29 cases (21%) the skeletal age was at least 2 years greater than the chronologic age. Among females, such cases with marked discrepancy occurred exclusively in those chronologically between 12 and 15 years of age ( P < 0.01). Males demonstrated a 2-year or greater discrepancy more commonly than females (26 vs. 17%). In males, 2-year discrepancies were equally likely across chronologic ages ( P = 0.82). Conclusions Current American adolescents are significantly more mature by skeletal age, as determined by the Greulich and Pyle method, than their chronological age would suggest. The skeletal ages of females are most likely to markedly exceed chronologic age between the ages of 12–15 years.
Dissociation of rewarding, anti‐aversive and anti‐nociceptive effects of different classes of anti‐nociceptives in the rat
Authors: Ruttenl Kris , De Vry Jean , Robens Angela , Tzschentke Thomas M. , van der Kam Elizabeth L. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIt was previously shown that morphine more potently reduces the affective as compared to the sensory component of nociception, and this effect is independent of morphine's rewarding properties. Here we investigated whether this finding can be generalized to other classes of anti‐nociceptive drugs. The effect of oxycodone (0–10 mg/kg, i.p.), tramadol (0–10 mg/kg, i.p.), ibuprofen (0–300 mg/kg, i.p.) and pregabalin (0–31.6 mg/kg, i.p.) on negative affect and mechanical hypersensitivity accompanying carrageenan‐induced (0.5% intraplantar) inflammatory nociception was assessed using conditioned place aversion (CPA) and Randall Selitto paw pressure test, respectively. The rewarding effect of these drugs was assessed using conditioned place preference (CPP). All four anti‐nociceptive drugs dose‐dependently reduced carrageenan‐induced CPA and mechanical hypersensitivity. Furthermore all drugs induced CPP, except for ibuprofen. Similar to morphine, oxycodone and tramadol showed a large dissociation of anti‐aversive versus anti‐nociceptive potency, i.e. 10 times more potent against the affective versus the sensory component of nociception. Oxycodone and tramadol were 30 and 10 times more potent to produce CPP in animals under normal versus painful conditions. Ibuprofen and pregabalin also showed a dissociation of anti‐aversive and anti‐nociceptive potency, but less pronounced (i.e. three times more potent against the affective component). However, pregabalin showed no dissociation between rewarding potency under normal versus painful conditions. Taken together, these data suggest that the dissociation of rewarding potency in animals under normal versus painful conditions is limited to drugs with an opioid mechanism of action, while the dissociation of anti‐aversive and anti‐nociceptive potency applies to anti‐nociceptive drugs with different mechanisms of action.
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR‐1 and L. reuteri RC‐14 to prevent or cure bacterial vaginosis among women with HIV
Authors: Hummelen Ruben , Changalucha John , Butamanya Nicodemus L. , Cook Adrian , Habbema J. Dik F. , Reid Gregor 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo assess, among women with HIV, whether long‐term oral Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR‐1 and Lactobacillus reuteri RC‐14 supplementation can prevent bacterial vaginosis (BV) and enhance the cure rate of metronidazole among those with BV.MethodsA randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial conducted among 65 HIV‐infected women with an aberrant microbiota (Nugent score 4–10) who were randomized to receive daily probiotics or placebo for 6 months. Those with BV (Nugent score 7–10) additionally received metronidazole for 10 days (400 mg twice daily).ResultsWe did not find an enhanced cure rate of BV among women with HIV treated with adjuvant probiotics to metronidazole treatment. Among women with an intermediate vaginal flora, probiotics tended to increase the probability of a normal vaginal flora (odds ratio 2.4; P = 0.1) and significantly increased the probability of a beneficial vaginal pH (odds ratio 3.8; P = 0.02) at follow‐up.ConclusionSupplementation of probiotic L. rhamnosus GR‐1 and L. reuteri RC‐14 did not enhance the cure of BV among women living with HIV, but may prevent the condition among this population. Trial registration: NCT00536848.
β-Cryptoxanthin- and α-carotene-rich foods have greater apparent bioavailability than β-carotene-rich foods in Western diets
Authors: Burri Betty J. , Chang Jasmine S. T. , Neidlinger Terry R. 
Published: September 2010

β-Carotene (BC), β-cryptoxanthin (CX) and α-carotene (AC) are common carotenoids that form retinol. The amount of retinol (vitamin A) formed from carotenoid-rich foods should depend chiefly on the bioavailability (absorption and circulation time in the body) of carotenoids from their major food sources and the selectivity and reactivity of carotene cleavage enzymes towards them. The objective of the present study was to estimate the apparent bioavailability of the major sources of provitamin A (AC, BC and CX) from the diet by comparing the concentrations of these carotenoids in blood to their dietary intakes. Dietary intakes were estimated by FFQ (three studies in this laboratory,n86; apparent bioavailability calculated for six other studies,n5738) or by food record (two studies in our laboratory,n59; apparent bioavailability calculated for two other studies,n54). Carotenoid concentrations were measured by reversed-phase HPLC. Apparent bioavailability was calculated as the ratio of concentration in the blood to carotenoid intake. Then apparent bioavailabilities for AC and CX were compared to BC. Eating comparable amounts of AC-, CX- and BC-rich foods resulted in 53 % greater AC (99 % CI 23, 83) and 725 % greater CX (99 % CI 535, 915) concentrations in the blood. This suggests that the apparent bioavailability of CX from typical diets is greater than that of BC. Thus, CX-rich foods might be better sources of vitamin A than expected.
The sarcoplasmic Ca2+-ATPase: design of a perfect chemi-osmotic pump
Authors: Møller Jesper V. , Olesen Claus , Winther Anne-Marie L. , Nissen Poul 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe sarcoplasmic (SERCA 1a) Ca2+-ATPase is a membrane protein abundantly present in skeletal mucles where it functions as an indispensable component of the excitation–contraction coupling, being at the expense of ATP hydrolysis involved in Ca2+/H+exchange with a high thermodynamic efficiency across the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane. The transporter serves as a prototype of a whole family of cation transporters, the P-type ATPases, which in addition to Ca2+transporting proteins count Na+, K+-ATPase and H+, K+-, proton- and heavy metal transporting ATPases as prominent members. The ability in recent years to produce and analyze at atomic (2·3–3 Å) resolution 3D-crystals of Ca2+-transport intermediates of SERCA 1a has meant a breakthrough in our understanding of the structural aspects of the transport mechanism. We describe here the detailed construction of the ATPase in terms of one membraneous and three cytosolic domains held together by a central core that mediates coupling between Ca2+-transport and ATP hydrolysis. During turnover, the pump is present in two different conformational states, E1 and E2, with a preference for the binding of Ca2+and H+, respectively. We discuss how phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated forms of these conformational states with cytosolic, occluded or luminally exposed cation-binding sites are able to convert the chemical energy derived from ATP hydrolysis into an electrochemical gradient of Ca2+across the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane. In conjunction with these basic reactions which serve as a structural framework for the transport function of other P-type ATPases as well, we also review the role of the lipid phase and the regulatory and thermodynamic aspects of the transport mechanism.
Genealogy as a research tool in International Relations
Authors: VUCETIC SRDJAN 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis article considers the status of genealogy among research methods currently taught, learned and used in International Relations (IR). The article makes two claims. The first is that genealogy is a unique research tool, but not radically different from the rest of the qualitative-interpretative arsenal more commonly found in the discipline. The second is that genealogy can be used in the pursuit of epistemologically varied truth-claims, including those regarding causal connections.
Why monarchies persist: balancing between internal and external vulnerability
Authors: FRISCH HILLEL 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWhy have absolutist monarchies in the past three decades survived when so many succumbed to coups and revolution in the past? The rulers' use of divide-and-rule and balancing strategies as Lust-Okar and Jamal noted recently, served as a partial solution. Overlooked in the literature on the persistance of monarchies was how these mechanisms, which reduce the leader's domestic vulnerability, mar his offensive capabilities to cope with centralising, more effective and threatening neighbours. To cope with this trade-off between internal and external vulnerabilities, monarchs and leaders of other Third World states have been involved in a two-level game of ‘omnibalancing’ – allying with strong outside powers when possible while continuing to employ divide-and-rule and balancing techniques domestically. Only resource-rich or strategically located monarchies can enjoy such protection which is why most of monarchies that have persisted are located in the Middle East.