bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chiral Diphosphane‐ and NHC‐Containing Ruthenium Catalysts for the Catalytic Asymmetric Arylation of Aldimines with Organoboron Reagents
Authors: Marques Carolina S. , Burke Anthony J. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractFor the first time, we report the application of [RuCl2(η6‐p‐cymene)]2 in the arylation of N‐activated aldimines with boronic acids and its derivatives to afford chiral amines, which are important intermediates in the syntheses of key bioactive compounds. The behavior of the chiral ligands, the imine substrates, and the organoboron reagents were studied. Very good enantioselectivities were obtained.
Collective regret versus collective guilt: Different emotional reactions to historical atrocities
Authors: Imhoff Roland , Bilewicz Michał , Erb Hans‐Peter 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA distinction between guilt and regret in reactions to in‐group atrocities is proposed. Four studies (total N = 1249) support the notion that guilt and regret are distinct emotional reactions. Whereas guilt is a self‐focused, aversive emotional reaction following from appraisals of responsibility and associated with the intention to make amends, regret follows from an empathic victim perspective, is less aversive, and is more strongly associated with positive attitudes towards the victim groups and the intention to engage in intergroup contact. These findings suggest that less aversive emotions like regret are more likely to improve intergroup attitudes after a common history of conflict, but the aversive experience of guilt might be more potent in motivating reparations. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact model for simulation of base isolated buildings impacting flexible moat walls
Authors: Masroor A. , Mosqueda G. 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYBase isolated buildings subjected to extreme earthquakes can exceed their design displacements and impact against the surrounding moat wall. To better understand the consequences of impact on the superstructure, an impact element considering moat wall flexibility is proposed based on impact theory and observations during experimental simulations. It is demonstrated that numerical simulations using the proposed impact element can capture the dominant characteristics of the contact force observed in experiments of base isolated buildings impacting various moat wall configurations including concrete walls with soil backfill and rigid steel walls. The contact force is dependent on impact velocity, geometry, and material properties at the contact surface, and the global dynamic characteristic of the moat wall. Properties of the moat wall impact element are derived based on mechanics‐based models considering material properties and geometric measurements of the experimental setup. For this purpose, the moat wall is modeled as a flexural column with a concentrated nonlinear hinge at its base and soil backfill considered through a damped elastic foundation then generalized into a single degree of freedom system. The resulting impact element is shown to accurately capture both local deformation and the vibration aspects of impact observed in experiments and the effects of impact on superstructure response. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conceptual performance‐based seismic design using building‐level and story‐level decision support system
Authors: Zareian Farzin , Krawinkler Helmut 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYThis paper summarizes the body of research on the development of a practical approach for conceptual performance‐based design, and the semi‐graphical design decision support system (DDSS) devised for its application. The objective of the study presented here is to improve the previous implementation of DDSS, which was based on representing losses at the building‐level, to a more refined form in which losses at the story/floor level are addressed. DDSS provides engineers with insight in making informed decisions on the choice of an effective structural system and its stiffness (period), base shear strength, and other important global structural parameters for target performance objectives, which are defined by placing limits on direct (monetary) loss and probability of collapse. A byproduct of this performance‐based design process is that it can be used as simplified performance‐based assessment process by only changing the flow of information from ground motion hazard to loss estimation. The DDSS proposed in this study is supported with a database of structural response parameters obtained for a wide‐range of combination in structural parameters of frame and wall structural systems. The proposed process is illustrated in an example to demonstrate its practicality. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nonlinear backward ADPCM speech coding using kernel methods and online sparsification
Authors: Alipoor Ghasem , Savoji Mohammad Hassan 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTModeling using neural networks and Volterra expansion are widely used in signal processing to account for nonlinear characteristics inherent in natural signals. In spite of their good performance in a wide range of applications, adaptive implementations of these models suffer from severe problems of a large number of parameters, slow convergence, and the risk of being trapped in local minima. Furthermore, inherent instability of the Volterra filters makes them unsuitable for applications that require synthesis or reconstruction, for example, speech coding. Nonetheless, kernel methods in the framework of reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces are emerging solutions that can tackle these problems by extending linear algorithms to spaces created by nonlinear mapping of the input signal. In this paper, we address the problems encountered in nonlinear adaptive coding by employing, for the first time, several kernel adaptive algorithms in the framework of speech coding using the adaptive differential pulse code modulation technique. Particular attention is focused on the effects of various sparsification techniques on the performance of the resultant algorithms. Simulation results show that utilizing kernel methods results in an average improvement of up to 3.4 dB in the signal‐to‐noise ratio of the reconstructed speech. This is while a lower improvement of up to 1.4 dB is achieved by exploiting Volterra filters at the cost of a demanding increase in the complexity, a slight increase in the bit‐rate and introducing a relatively long delay. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hominoid dispersal patterns and human evolution
Authors: Koenig Andreas , Borries Carola 
Published: June 2012

AbstractRecent advances in DNA and isotope analyses have allowed tentative reconstructions of dispersal strategies of Plio‐Pleistocene hominins.1, 2 Comparing their findings to dispersal patterns of some extant apes and humans suggested groups of related males and unrelated females in Neandertals indicating patrilocality2 and Pan‐like male philopatry in australopiths.1 Here we review the demographic, ethnographic, and genetic evidence of dispersal patterns in extant apes and humans and compare the results to the suggestions for Plio‐Pleistocene hominins. We find that alternative dispersal patterns, for example among gorillas or gibbons, could explain the findings of related or natal males in a confined geographic area. Based on sexual size dimorphism, we speculate that gorillas might currently be the best model for reconstructing dispersal in robust australopiths. Given that the sexual size dimorphism in other australopiths is still hotly debated, the question of which hominoid model best matches their dispersal pattern must remain unanswered. Neandertal dispersal patterns have been compared to patrilocality of modern humans. However, the latter is related to the advent of food production. Consequently, hunter‐gatherers exhibiting primarily multilocality appear to be the better comparison for Neandertals. Overall, human‐like patrilocality and Pan‐like male philopatry appear to be poor models for the reconstruction of dispersal patterns in Plio‐Pleistocene hominins. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The status of Homo heidelbergensis (Schoetensack 1908)
Authors: Stringer Chris 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe species Homo heidelbergensis is central to many discussions about recent human evolution. For some workers, it was the last common ancestor for the subsequent species Homo sapiens and Homo neanderthalensis; others regard it as only a European form, giving rise to the Neanderthals. Following the impact of recent genomic studies indicating hybridization between modern humans and both Neanderthals and “Denisovans”, the status of these as separate taxa is now under discussion. Accordingly, clarifying the status of Homo heidelbergensis is fundamental to the debate about modern human origins. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On the signal degradation induced by the interpolation and the sampling rate reduction in aeroacoustics hybrid methods
Authors: Cunha G. , Redonnet S. 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYTaking place within more extensive work that focuses on hybrid methods in aeroacoustics, the present study is devoted to the data transfer operations that are to be performed between two stages of a hybrid calculation. More precisely, the article focuses on two typical operations that usually accompany such data transfer, which are (i) the sampling rate reduction and (ii) the interpolation of the unsteady perturbations to be transmitted from one stage to the other. First part of the paper analyzes the two main issues of such operations, which are the spuriousing and the aliasing phenomena. For doing so, the usual notions of the interpolation theory are revisited before they are synthesized within an original approach. The here proposed formalism allows to understand better both the spuriousing and the aliasing phenomena, as well as to accurately predict the impact of the latter on the data to be transmitted in terms of signal degradation. Second part of the paper provides an illustration and a validation of these theoretical developments via a direct application to a typical aerodynamic noise problem (aeroacoustic emission by a 2Dcylinder cross flow). There, it is further shown how the here proposed formalism can help in improving aeroacoustics hybrid calculations by predicting (and thus possibly minimizing) the bias to be induced on the acoustic extrapolation stage because of the aliasing and/or spuriousing effects inherited from the sampling rate reduction and/or interpolation of CFD data—which is likely to occur in any hybrid scenario. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Geotechnical design and construction issues for Lines 1 and 6 of the Naples Underground / Geotechnische Planung und Ausführung der U‐Bahnlinien 1 und 6 in Neapel
Authors: Russo Gianpiero , Viggiani Carlo , Viggiani G.M.B. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractSince 1839, when the historical railway Naples – Portici was inaugurated, Naples has been characterized by a significant system of urban and suburban railways. The idea of a fully integrated urban rail network dates back to the 1950s, but construction only began in the 1990s. At present, the system includes 54 km of tracks and 69 stations in operation; ten lines with 93 km of track and a further 30 km of new light rail linking 114 stations with 21 interchanges are planned with the completion of the City Transport Plan.The present paper reports on some geotechnical aspects of the design and construction of Lines 1 and 6, which are presently underway, discussing how the experience gathered during construction of Line 1 influenced some of the design choices for Line 6.Seit 1839, als die historische Eisenbahnstrecke Neapel – Portici eröffnet wurde, wurde Neapel durch sein umfangreiches Schienennetz im städtischen und vorstädtischen Bereich bekannt. Die Idee eines vollständig integrierten Bahnnetzes geht in die 1950er Jahre zurück, der Bau wurde jedoch erst in den 1990er Jahren aufgenommen. Derzeit umfasst das Netz 54 km Schiene und 69 Stationen; mit Vollendung des städtischen Verkehrsplans sind zehn Linien mit 93 km Schiene sowie weitere 30 km einer neuen Stadtbahn, die 114 Stationen und 21 Knotenpunkte verbindet, geplant.Dieser Artikel beschreibt einige geotechnische Aspekte hinsichtlich Planung und Ausführung der sich derzeit im Bau befindlichen Linien 1 und 6, wobei erläutert wird, wie die beim Bau der Linie 1 gesammelten Erfahrungswerte einige Planungsentscheidungen der Linie 6 beeinflusst haben.
Design and construction aspects of Milan underground Line 5 – passing over the Bovisa‐Dateo railway tunnel / Planungs‐ und Ausführungsaspekte der Mailänder U‐Bahnlinie 5 – Überquerung des Bovisa‐Dateo Bahntunnels
Authors: Fava Adriano , Galvanin Paolo , Socci Andrea , De Sanctis Fiorenze , Gamba Francesco 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe design and construction aspects related to Line 5 of the Milan Underground are presented with attention to the section of the tunnel passing the city Railway Link between Bovisa and Dateo stations. Numerical modelling was used to design the soil improvement systems around the excavation and under the buildings, and also to establish threshold values of the parameters to be monitored. At the same time, a monitoring system was implemented in order to verify the design predictions during construction and to allow, whenever necessary, the adoption of the corrective actions planned during the design stage. Following a brief description of the work, the fundamental design steps are described in conjunction with the problems that had to be solved, the technical solutions proposed and the approach adopted during construction.In diesem Artikel werden die Planungs‐ und Ausführungsaspekte der Linie 5 des Mailänder U‐Bahnsystems vorgestellt. Besonderes Augenmerk liegt auf dem Abschnitt des Tunnels, der die städtische Bahnverbindung zwischen den Stationen Bovisa und Dateo passiert. Numerische Modellierungen wurden durchgeführt, um die Bodenverbesserungsmaßnahmen rund um die Baugruben und unter den Gebäuden zu planen, und um Grenzwerte für die zu beobachteten Parameter festzulegen. Gleichzeitig wurde ein Monitoringsystem eingeführt, das es ermöglichte, die zuvor gemachten Planungsvorhersagen während der Ausführung zu überprüfen und, wenn nötig, während der Planungsphase entworfene korrigierende Maßnahmen durchzuführen. Nach einer kurzen Beschreibung der Arbeiten werden die grundlegenden Planungsschritte vorgestellt sowie die Probleme, die während dieser Phase gelöst werden mussten. Auch die technischen Lösungen, die vorgeschlagen und während der Bauphase ausgeführt wurden, werden diskutiert.
Absolute monocytosis at diagnosis correlates with survival in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma—possible link with monocytic myeloid‐derived suppressor cells
Authors: Tadmor Tamar , Fell Rona , Polliack Aaron , Attias Dina 
Published: June 2012

AbstractSome patients with lymphoma have monocytosis at diagnosis, but its significance is unclear. The recently recognized subpopulation, monocytic myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (M‐MDSCs), has immunoregulatory function, suppresses host anti‐tumour immunity and plays a role in cancer tolerance. Data from 91 untreated patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) were evaluated for monocytosis >1000/mm3 at diagnosis and its significance compared with a number of well‐established prognostic factors for DLBCL including age, stage, gender, B symptoms, extranodal sites, LDH and CRP levels, bone marrow involvement and International Prognostic Index (IPI) score. In 23 of these patients with DLBCL and 15 healthy controls, the proportion of M‐MDSCs in the peripheral blood was determined by flow cytometry. Monocytosis was found in 17.6% of the patient cohort examined. In the multivariate analysis, bone marrow involvement, IPI score and monocytosis were the only independent prognostic factors seen to be associated with decreased progression free and overall survival. Patients with DLBCL had on average increased M‐MDSCs counts at diagnosis compared with controls, which returned to normal after achieving remission. In conclusion, monocytosis was identified as an independent prognostic factor in DLBCL and correlated with worse overall survival. The significant increases in the M‐MDSCs pool observed in some of the cases examined may possibly help to explain why monocytosis is associated with poor outcome in these patients. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effects of free government health insurance among small children—evidence from the free care for children under six policy in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Ha , Wang Wenjuan 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYOver the last few years, there have been an increasing number of impact evaluations of health insurance and other demand‐side financing programs in developing countries. Yet the literature on insurance impact among small children is limited. This paper evaluates the effects of a Vietnamese government's policy in 2005, which granted free access to health services in public facilities to all children younger than 6 years. In particular, we focus on children among households who are not eligible for a program for the poor, which has been administered concurrently in the country. Using two waves of the Vietnam Household Living Standard Surveys conducted right before and after the policy started and a difference‐in‐differences method, we found a major increase in both inpatient and outpatient care in the secondary public hospitals. At the same time, there is evidence indicating a reduction in the use of tertiary hospitals. Compared with the policy's non‐beneficiaries, beneficiaries in the age group 4–5 years also experienced fewer sick days, incurred less out‐of‐pocket spending on healthcare, and were less likely to encounter catastrophic expenditure. Evidence thus suggests that insurance provided by the policy has served the function as a safety net and helped improving efficiency of the health system by reducing the use of costly tertiary care. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CONDITIONALLY HETEROSKEDASTIC FACTOR MODELS WITH SKEWNESS AND LEVERAGE EFFECTS
Authors: Dovonon Prosper 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYConditional heteroskedasticity, skewness and leverage effects are well‐known features of financial returns. The literature on factor models has often made assumptions that preclude the three effects to occur simultaneously. In this paper I propose a conditionally heteroskedastic factor model that takes into account the presence of both the conditional skewness and leverage effects. This model is specified in terms of conditional moment restrictions and unconditional moment conditions are proposed allowing inference by the generalized method of moments (GMM). The model is also shown to be closed under temporal aggregation. An application to daily excess returns on sectorial indices from the UK stock market provides strong evidence for dynamic conditional skewness and leverage with a sharp efficiency gain resulting from accounting for both effects. The estimated volatilitypersistence from the proposed model is lower than that estimated from models that rule out such effects. I also find that the longer the returns' horizon, the fewer conditionally heteroskedastic factors may be required for suitable modeling and the less strong is the evidence for dynamic leverage. Some of these results are in line with the main findings of Harvey and Siddique () and Jondeau and Rockinger (), namely that accounting for conditional skewness impacts the persistence in the conditional variance of the return process. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parallel‐ProBiS: Fast parallel algorithm for local structural comparison of protein structures and binding sites
Authors: Konc Janez , Depolli Matjaž , Trobec Roman , Rozman Kati , Janežič Dušanka 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe ProBiS algorithm performs a local structural comparison of the query protein surface against the nonredundant database of protein structures. It finds proteins that have binding sites in common with the query protein. Here, we present a new parallelized algorithm, Parallel‐ProBiS, for detecting similar binding sites on clusters of computers. The obtained speedups of the parallel ProBiS scale almost ideally with the number of computing cores up to about 64 computing cores. Scaling is better for larger than for smaller query proteins. For a protein with almost 600 amino acids, the maximum speedup of 180 was achieved on two interconnected clusters with 248 computing cores. Source code of Parallel‐ProBiS is available for download free for academic users at http://probis.cmm.ki.si/download. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Suppression of GLUT1; A new strategy to prevent diabetic complications
Authors: Lu Lili , Seidel Christopher P. , Iwase Takeshi , Stevens Rebecca K. , Gong Yuan‐Yuan , Wang Xinyi , Hackett Sean F. , Campochiaro Peter A. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractHigh blood glucose results in high glucose levels in retina, because GLUT1, the sole glucose transporter between blood and retina, transports more glucose when blood glucose is high. This is the ultimate cause of diabetic retinopathy. Knockdown of GLUT1 by intraocular injections of a pool of siRNAs directed against SLC2A1 mRNA which codes for GLUT1 significantly reduced mean retinal glucose levels in diabetic mice. Systemic treatment of diabetic mice with forskolin or genistein, which bind GLUT1 and inhibit glucose transport, significantly reduced retinal glucose to the same levels seen in non‐diabetics. 1,9‐Dideoxyforskolin, which binds GLUT1 but does not stimulate adenylate cyclase had an equivalent effect to that of forskolin regarding lowering retinal glucose in diabetics indicating that cyclic AMP is noncontributory. GLUT1 inhibitors also reduced glucose and glycohemoglobin levels in red blood cells providing a peripheral biomarker for the effect. In contrast, brain glucose levels were not increased in diabetics and not reduced by forskolin. Treatment of diabetics with forskolin prevented early biomarkers of diabetic retinopathy, including elevation of superoxide radicals, increased expression of the chaperone protein β2 crystallin, and increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). These data identify GLUT1 as a promising therapeutic target for prevention of diabetic retinopathy. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 251–257, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rules of engagement for base excision repair in chromatin
Authors: Odell Ian D. , Wallace Susan S. , Pederson David S. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractMost of the DNA in eukaryotes is packaged in tandemly arrayed nucleosomes that, together with numerous DNA‐ and nucleosome‐associated enzymes and regulatory factors, make up chromatin. Chromatin modifying and remodeling agents help regulate access to selected DNA segments in chromatin, thereby facilitating transcription and DNA replication and repair. Studies of nucleotide excision repair (NER), single strand break repair (SSBR), and the homology‐directed repair (HDR), and non‐homologous end‐joining (NHEJ) double strand break repair pathways have led to an “access‐repair‐restore” paradigm, in which chromatin in the vicinity of damaged DNA is disrupted, thereby enabling efficient repair and the subsequent repackaging of DNA into nucleosomes. When damage is extensive, these repair processes are accompanied by cell cycle checkpoint activation, which provides cells with sufficient time to either complete the repair or initiate apoptosis. It is not clear, however, if base excision repair (BER) of the ∼20,000 or more oxidative DNA damages that occur daily in each nucleated human cell can be viewed through this same lens. Until recently, we did not know if BER requires or is accompanied by nucleosome disruption, and it is not yet clear that anything short of overwhelming oxidative damage (resulting in the shunting of DNA substrates into other repair pathways) results in checkpoint activation. This review highlights studies of how oxidatively damaged DNA in nucleosomes is discovered and repaired, and offers a working model of events associated with BER in chromatin that we hope will have heuristic value. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 258–266, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.