bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moving from total risk to community-based risk trajectories increases transparency and equity in flood risk mitigation planning along urban rivers
Authors: Serafin Katherine A , Koseff Jeffrey R , Ouyang Derek , Suckale Jenny 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
After several years of drought, 2023 and early 2024 are reminders of the powers of California’s atmospheric rivers and the devastating flooding they can entail. Aged flood-mitigation infrastructure and climate change exacerbate flood risk for some communities more than for others, highlighting the challenge of equitably mitigating flood risk. Identifying inequities associated with infrastructure projects is now legally required by regional water boards in California, but tools are lacking for making this assessment systematically. We propose that risk trajectories, computed by adding a probabilistic wrapper of flood drivers to models already used in flood-risk-mitigation planning, allows planners to quantify the spatial and temporal variability of risk for communities along river and thereby increase procedural equity by making distributional equity more transparent. While our proposed approach is applicable generally, we demonstrate its impact in the case of San Francisquito Creek, California, where risk trajectories combined with a multi-tier engagement model, helped identify and prevent an inequitable risk transfer.
The impact of refrigeration on food losses and associated greenhouse gas emissions throughout the supply chain
Authors: Friedman-Heiman Aaron , Miller Shelie A 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
One-third of food produced globally is wasted while approximately 800 million people suffer from hunger. Meanwhile, food losses produce approximately 8% of total anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study develops a food loss estimation tool to assess how improved access to the cold chain could impact food loss and its associated GHG emissions for seven food types in seven regions. This study estimates that poor cold chain infrastructure could be responsible for up to 620 million metric tons (Mmt) of food loss, responsible for 1.8 GtCO2-eq annually. Utilizing fully optimized cold chains could save over 100 Mmt of fruit and vegetable loss in South & Southeast Asia and over 700 Mmt CO2-eq in Sub-Saharan Africa. Developing more localized, less industrialized (‘farm-to-table’) food supply chains in both industrialized and non-industrialized contexts may save greater quantities of food than optimized cold chains. Utilizing localized supply chains could save over 250 Mmt of roots and tubers globally (over 100 Mmt more savings than those of an optimized cold chain) and reduce GHG emissions from meat losses in industrialized regions by over 300 Mmt CO2-eq. Due to the differences in the environmental intensity of food types, cold chain investments that prioritize reducing overall food losses will have very different outcomes than those that prioritize reducing GHG emissions.
The greenhouse gas performance of selected biodegradable and recalcitrant plastics in U.S. landfills
Authors: Wang Yixuan , Levis James W , Barlaz Morton A 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Biodegradable plastics are often considered to exhibit superior environmental performance compared to conventional recalcitrant plastics. Here, we assess the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of selected biodegradable and recalcitrant plastics made from both fossil and biogenic carbon (C) as disposed in a national average U.S. landfill. This average landfill incorporates consideration of size, precipitation, landfill gas management, and gas collection installation schedule. The GHG emissions of an 80% biodegradable polycaprolactone (PCLf) made from fossil C and a 2% biodegradable poly(butylene succinate) (PBSb) made from biogenic C were evaluated to represent the range of anaerobic biodegradabilities. The 2% biodegradable PBSb has lower GHG emissions than the 80% biodegradable PCLf in the national average landfill. In the best case, which includes aggressive gas collection, conversion of gas to energy, and disposal in a large landfill, the PCLf results in 2423 kg CO2e/mt, which is well above PBSb (−1956 kg CO2e/mt), a hypothetical biogenic and 80% biodegradable PCLb (4739 kg CO2e/mt), and recalcitrant fossil plastic (0 kg CO2e/mt). From a disposal perspective, a recalcitrant biogenic plastic is optimal given the long-term storage of carbon. This study informs the direction of materials research to develop materials that minimize their overall environmental footprint at end-of-life.
Exploring the interplay between soil thermal and hydrological changes and their impact on carbon fluxes in permafrost ecosystems
Authors: Briones Valeria , Jafarov Elchin E , Genet Hélène , Rogers Brendan M , Rutter Ruth M , Carman Tobey B , Clein Joy , Euschkirchen Eugénie S , Schuur Edward AG , Watts Jennifer D , Natali Susan M 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Accelerated warming of the Arctic can affect the global climate system by thawing permafrost and exposing organic carbon in soils to decompose and release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. We used a process-based biosphere model (DVM-DOS-TEM) designed to simulate biophysical and biogeochemical interactions between the soil, vegetation, and atmosphere. We varied soil and environmental parameters to assess the impact on cryohydrological and biogeochemical outputs in the model. We analyzed the responses of ecosystem carbon balances to permafrost thaw by running site-level simulations at two long-term tundra ecological monitoring sites in Alaska: Eight Mile Lake (EML) and Imnavait Creek Watershed (IMN), which are characterized by similar tussock tundra vegetation but differing soil drainage conditions and climate. Model outputs showed agreement with field observations at both sites for soil physical properties and ecosystem CO2 fluxes. Model simulations of Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) showed an overestimation during the frozen season (higher CO2 emissions) at EML with a mean NEE of 26.98 ± 4.83 gC/m2/month compared to observational mean of 22.01 ± 5.67 gC/m2/month, and during the fall months at IMN, with a modeled mean of 19.21 ± 7.49 gC/m2/month compared to observation mean of 11.9 ± 4.45 gC/m2/month. Our results underscore the importance of representing the impact of soil drainage conditions on the thawing of permafrost soils, particularly poorly drained soils, which will drive the magnitude of carbon released at sites across the high-latitude tundra. These findings can help improve predictions of net carbon releases from thawing permafrost, ultimately contributing to a better understanding of the impact of Arctic warming on the global climate system.
General characterisation of Hamiltonians generating velocity-independent forces
Authors: Yip F , H Cheung A C 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Dynamics generated from Hamiltonians enjoy potential pathways to quantisation, but standard Hamiltonians are only capable of generating conservative forces. Classes of Hamiltonians have been proposed in Berry and Shukla (2015 Proc. R. Soc. A
471 20150002) capable of generating non-conservative velocity-independent forces. Such Hamiltonians have been classified in the past, under the strict assumption that they are polynomial in momentum. This assumption is relaxed here to analyticity. In doing so, broader classes of Hamiltonians are discovered. By considering the Hamiltonian as a function of state space without introducing the Lagrangian and constructing a metric-like tensor, we develop strong general constraints on Hamiltonians generating velocity-independent forces and exhibit a surprising dichotomy between classes of such Hamiltonians. These results are applicable to any spatial domain of any dimension admitting well-defined Hamiltonian dynamics. As an example application, we apply these constraints to classify all Hamiltonian velocity-independent forces in two spatial dimensions, as well as all such Hamiltonians which do not generate an isotropic simple harmonic motion. The case of one spatial dimension is also discussed for the sake of completeness.
Design and Construction of Fan and Bulb Automation System
Authors: Usikalu M. R. , Eno M. B. , Ogunwale E. I. , Ayara W. A. , Ayanbisi O. W. , Esisio F. E 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The automation system described in this project leverages the power of Bluetooth wireless communication to control the bulb and fan. The system utilize readily available components such as Arduino Uno, HC-05 Bluetooth module, and 4-channel relay module, it provides a cost-effective solution for creating a smart environment. The Arduino Uno acts as the central controller, receiving commands wirelessly via the Bluetooth module and subsequently controlling the power supply to connect devices through the relay module. This allows users to remotely turn on or off devices such as bulbs and fans, providing convenience and energy efficiency. The measured response times for turning on/off the fan and bulb in the automation system were found to be 15.47 μs for turning on the fan, 15.20 μs for turning off the fan, and 16.27 μs for turning on/off the bulb. These results indicate that the system is highly efficient and reliable in controlling the devices. Future enhancements can include the implementation of security measures to protect against unauthorized access and integration with other smart devices. The Bluetooth automation system showcases the potential for creating affordable and customizable automation solutions using easily accessible components
Physical Models for Sustainability using Fredholm Integro-Differential Equations: Applicability and Analysis of Chebyshev Polynomial Method
Authors: Fadugba S.E. , Olanrewaju A.F. , Akinremi O.J. , Duke-Umanah F.E. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Numerical analysis is concerned with the mathematical derivation, explanation and evaluation/analysis of algorithms, models and methods used to obtain numerical solutions for mathematical problems. This paper explores the reliability of the Chebyshev Polynomial Method (CPM) for solving a specific class of equations known as the second-order Fredholm Integro-Differential Equations (FIDEs). A series expansion of the Chebyshev polynomial is derived, used in solving these integral equations, and later on examined in terms of accuracy and convergence of solutions. The evaluation process involves a hybrid approach, combining manual methods and mathematical programs like MAPLE and MATLAB. In addition, three numerical examples were solved in which two truncation points are considered per each example. Furthermore, the performance of the CPM is reported in terms of accuracy, convergence, suitability, reliability and effectiveness in the context of the exact solution.
Sustainable Chitosan Supported Magnetite Nanocomposites for Sequestration of Rhodamine B Dye from the Environment
Authors: Dada A. O. , Inyinbor A. A. , Tokula B. E. , Ajanaku C. O. , Ayo-Akere S. , Latona D. F. , Ajanaku K.O. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This study investigated the sustainable chitosan supported magnetite nanocomposites (C-Fe3O4) for sequestration of Rhodamine B (RhB) Dye from environment. The synthesis of C-Fe3O4, its physicochemical characterization and synergistic influence of initial concentration of the dye and time of contact with the adsorbent during the sorption of Rhodamine B (RhB) on C-Fe3O4 were studied. The physicochemical properties indicated better equilibration via bulk density of 0.731 g/cm3, moisture content 7.2, point of zero charge (PZC) of 4 indicated suitability for RhB. Functional group of C-Fe3O4 determined by FTIR revealed characteristics peaks at 3433 cm−1 and 698 – 478 cm−1 confirming the successful formation by incorporation of chitosan and magnetite nanoparticles. Synergistic influence of the time of contact and initial concentration of Rb dye influenced the dye sorption. Effective adsorption of RhB onto C-Fe3O4 was studied using batch adsorption techniques at initial concentration (200 – 1000 ppm), contact time (10 – 120 min), stirring speed (120 rpm), temperature of 25 °C and adsorbent dosage of 100 mg. Rapid adsorption of RhB onto C-Fe3O4 was obtained at 10 min with 96.9% removal efficiency at highest RhB concentration of 1000 ppm. The study revealed the efficacy of contact time and initial dye concentration as imperative operational parameters majorly influencing sorption study.
Spatial Distribution of Gamma Dose Rates and Radioactivity Levels in Some Parts of Iju Community in Ado-Odo Ota, Ogun State
Authors: Omeje M. , Adewoyin O. O. , Ekwueme B. N. , Soheil S. , Okafor I. F. , George G. C. , Ukaegbu T. M. , Promise N. A. O. , Tenebe I. T. , Odokuma O. E. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the background dose rates and radiological risk exposure to Iju community in Ado-Odo Ota. Using a hand-held calibrated gamma detector (RS-125 Gamma-Spec), the study area’s outdoor gamma dose rates and radionuclide activity concentrations of 40K, 238-U, and 32-Th were measured in situ. The results showed differing activities of the primordial radionuclides (40-K, 238-U, and 232-Th) with average values lying within the recommended limits, with the exception of 40K, which geologically can be caused by regional subsidence while on marine transgression. Based on statistical analysis, the correlation results verified that 40K, 238-U, and 232-Th were the primary causes of the elevated outdoor dose rates at Iju community. The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) specified allowable limits for radiation exposure, and the estimated mean hazard indices for the increased lifetime cancer risk in the research area exceeded these limitations. In order to ensure sufficient radiation protection, the research area needs attention right away.
Disaster Resilient Infrastructure: A Bibliometric Analysis of Global Research Trends
Authors: Adejola F. O. , Ngaunje S. , Ogunlolu A. , Aliu U. I. , Ajiferuke O. O. , Adetoro O. C. , Omoniwa F. H. , Sofolahan O. , Miju R. B. , Olagunju O. , Akinola G. , Tunji-Olayeni P. F. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The vital role of infrastructure in the delivery of essential services and the severity of disasters globally calls for more research and discourse on disaster resilient infrastructure. Despite the increasing body of knowledge on disaster resilient infrastructure, an assessment of research on the subject is lacking. This study fills this gap by assessing the global research trend in disaster resilient infrastructure. The study adopted a bibliometric analysis with the use of the VOSviewer. The main search words used in the study were “Disaster”, “Resilient”, AND “Infrastructure. Initial extracted papers with these keywords were 1041. After refining based on language, document type, and key words, a total of 278 papers were found suitable for the analysis. The years 2020 to 2022 indicated the highest research outputs while countries with highest number of publication on the subject of disaster-resilient infrastructure were the United States, United Kingdom and Japan. Most of the highly cited works were review-based, case studies and a few experimental. The findings of this study serve as a source of baseline data on disaster resilient infrastructure which can provide new research directions and also guide the design and implementation of policies on disaster-resilient infrastructure.
Amino-functionalized graphene quantum dots as a photoluminescent probe for in vitro cellular imaging of human lung cancer cell lines
Authors: Anjusha A J , Ashraf M , Pandi M , Dhanapandian S , Krishnakumar N 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Graphene-based fluorescent materials, particularly graphene quantum dots (GQDs), have emerged as a new class of biomedical agents. In the present study, functionalised GQDs have a better chance of being employed in a broader range of bioapplications because of their proven low toxicity, outstanding biocompatibility, and enhanced fluorescence properties. For this purpose, amino-functionalised GQDs (AF-GQDs) were synthesised via hydrothermal treatment by treating graphene oxide in ammonia with heat and water. The as-prepared AF-GQDs samples were characterised using a variety of techniques, including x-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The results show that AF-GQDs are merely hexagonal, with an average size of about 8 nm. Also, AF-GQDs are highly soluble in water and display excellent luminescence behaviour. After 48 h of incubation, the MTT results showed that more than 63% of the cells were still alive, even at high concentrations (500 g ml−1) of AF-GQDs. In addition, the AO/EB staining results also showed that the AF-GQDs had the most robust green fluorescence (viable cells). This makes them a promising agent for biomedical imaging because they have good optical properties, are readily soluble in water, are biocompatible, and are not toxic.
Isolation and characterization of banyan tree root filler for polymer composites in light-weight applications
Authors: Sivaram R Nalaeram , Thiagamani Senthil Muthu Kumar , Khan Anish , Ayrilmis Nadir 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The applicability of bio fillers as reinforcement with polymers is promoted by economic and ecological concerns. Nowadays, a large range of reinforcements are employed for this purpose, including cellulosic fillers and natural fibres owing to the favorable mechanical behavior, cheap price, negligible tool wear, low density, and eco-friendliness etc. The motive of this investigation is to explore the possibilities of utilizing plant sources as reinforcing filler in polymeric matrices. In this study particulate fillers were obtained from banyan tree’s aerial roots and were subjected to various characterization such as physiochemical evaluation, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), x-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal analysis (TGA), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). From the physiochemical analysis it was found that the banyan tree aerial root filler (BTAR) contained 40.13% of Cellulose, 15.22% of Hemicellulose, 15.31% of Lignin and 6.86% of Pectin. The density of the BTAR filler was found to be 0.27 gm cc−1 whereas the average particle size was 136.3 μm. The maximum inflection temperature referred to the maximum degradation of the BTAR filler was 295.7 °C. The SEM analysis exposed the rough surface of filler, with micro-structured strands and pores. The rough surface and the pores could help in better bond ability of the matrix and reinforcement when combined. Given the features of the examined BTAR filler, it is suggested as potential reinforcing filler for polymer composites to strengthen material properties for different light weight applications.
Enhancing performance and longevity of solid-state zinc-iodine batteries with fluorine-rich solid electrolyte interphase
Authors: Huang Yongxin , Wang Yiqing , Peng Xiyue , Lin Tongen , Huang Xia , Alghamdi Norah S , Rana Masud , Chen Peng , Zhang Cheng , Whittaker Andrew K , Wang Lianzhou , Luo Bin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Rechargeable zinc-iodine (ZnI2) batteries have gained popularity within the realm of aqueous batteries due to their inherent advantages, including natural abundance, intrinsic safety, and high theoretical capacity. However, challenges persist in their practical applications, notably battery swelling and vulnerability in aqueous electrolytes, primarily linked to the hydrogen evolution reaction and zinc dendrite growth. To address these challenges, this study presents an innovative approach by designing a solid-state ZnI2 battery featuring a solid perfluoropolyether based polymer electrolyte. The results demonstrate the formation of a solid electrolyte interphase layer on zinc, promoting horizontal zinc growth, mitigating dendrite penetration, and enhancing battery cycle life. Moreover, the solid electrolyte hinders the iodine ion shuttle effect, reducing zinc foil corrosion. Symmetric batteries employing this electrolyte demonstrate excellent cycle performance, maintaining stability for approximately 5000 h at room temperature, while solid-state ZnI2 batteries exhibit over 7000 cycles with a capacity retention exceeding 72.2%. This work offers a promising pathway to achieving reliable energy storage in solid-state ZnI2 batteries and introduces innovative concepts for flexible and wearable zinc batteries.
IQ in high school as a predictor of midlife alcohol drinking patterns
Authors: Druffner Natalie , Egan Donald , Ramamurthy Swetha , O’Brien Justin , Davis Allyson Folsom , Jack Jasmine , Symester Diona , Thomas Kelston , Palka Jayme M , Thakkar Vishal J , Sherwood Brown E 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Aims
The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between adolescent IQ and midlife alcohol use and to explore possible mediators of this relationship.

Methods
Study data were from 6300 men and women who participated in the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study of high-school students graduating in 1957. IQ scores were collected during the participants’ junior year of high school. In 2004, participants reported the number of alcoholic beverages consumed (past 30 days) and the number of binge-drinking episodes. A multinomial logistic regression was conducted to determine the relationship between adolescent IQ and future drinking pattern (abstainer, moderate drinker, or heavy drinker), and Poisson regression was used to examine the number of binge-drinking episodes. Two mediators—income and education—were also explored.

Results
Every one-point increase in IQ score was associated with a 1.7% increase in the likelihood of reporting moderate or heavy drinking as compared to abstinence. Those with higher IQ scores also had significantly fewer binge-drinking episodes. Household income, but not education, partially mediated the relationship between IQ and drinking pattern.

Conclusions
The present study suggests that higher adolescent IQ may predict a higher likelihood of moderate or heavy drinking in midlife, but fewer binge-drinking episodes. The study also suggests that this relationship is mediated by other psychosocial factors, specifically income, prompting future exploration of mediators in subsequent studies.