bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A low-protein, high-carbohydrate diet increases the adipose lipid content without increasing the glycerol-3-phosphate or fatty acid content in growing rats
Authors: Buzelle Samyra L. , Santos Maísa P. , Baviera Amanda M. , Lopes Carbene F. , Garófalo Maria A.R. , Navegantes Luiz C.C. , Kettelhut Isis C. , Chaves Valéria E. , Kawashita Nair H. 
Published: December 2010

The amount of triacylglycerol (TAG) that accumulates in adipose tissue depends on 2 opposing processes: lipogenesis and lipolysis. We have previously shown that the weight and lipid content of epididymal (EPI) adipose tissue increases in growing rats fed a low-protein, high-carbohydrate (LPHC) diet for 15 days. The aim of this work was to study the pathways involved in lipogenesis and lipolysis, which ultimately regulate lipid accumulation in the tissue. De novo fatty acid synthesis was evaluated in vivo and was similar for rats fed an LPHC diet or a control diet; however, the LPHC-fed rats had decreased lipoprotein lipase activity in the EPI adipose tissue, which suggests that there was a decreased uptake of fatty acids from the circulating lipoproteins. The LPHC diet did not affect synthesis of glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) via glycolysis or glyceroneogenesis. Glycerokinase activity — i.e., the phosphorylation of glycerol from the hydrolysis of endogenous TAG to form G3P — was also not affected in LPHC-fed rats. In contrast, adipocytes from LPHC animals had a reduced lipolytic response when stimulated by norepinephrine, even though the basal adipocyte lipolytic rate was similar for both of the groups. Thus, the results suggest that the reduction of lipolytic activity stimulated by norepinephrine seems essential for the TAG increase observed in the EPI adipose tissue of LPHC animals, probably by impairment of the process of activation of lipolysis by norepinephrine.
When do Daubenton’s bats (Myotis daubentonii) fly far for dinner?
Authors: Encarnação J. A. , Becker N. I. , Ekschmitt K. 
Published: December 2010

This study investigates the factors driving foraging behavior of Daubenton’s bats ( Myotis daubentonii (Kuhl, 1817)). We analysed the importance of food availability, energy demand, and intraspecific competition in regulating foraging activity and the selection of near versus distant foraging sites. At two foraging patches, insect abundance, foraging activity, and the number of foraging individuals were monitored using sticky traps, telemetry, spotlight counting, and light sticks. Population size was determined by flight path counting. General linear model analysis showed that bat distribution among foraging patches was influenced by distance to roosts, month, bat population size, and the displacement pressure exerted by competing individuals. Foraging time was influenced by food resource accessibility and individual cost/benefit ratio. From June to August, population density, intraspecific competition in foraging patches, and transfer flights between patches and day roosts were most frequent (play-off time). Our results suggest that differences in foraging activity of Daubenton’s bats are mainly driven by differential energy demand and less so by food availability. In times of high energy demand, hunting is avoided when prey are scarce. During play-off time, density spillover in near foraging patches occurs and therefore more distant patches come into use in accordance with predictions by the ideal free distribution theory.
Nutritional importance of seeds and arthropods to painted spiny pocket mice (Lyomis pictus): the effects of season and forest degradation
Authors: Ramírez-Hernández Gustavo , Herrera M. L. Gerardo 
Published: December 2010

Temporal and spatial fluctuations in food abundance may affect the feeding habits of vertebrates in tropical dry forests. We explored the effects of season and forest degradation in dietary patterns of the painted spiny pocket mouse ( Lyomis pictus (Thomas, 1893)) (Heteromyidae) in a Mexican tropical dry forest. We used carbon (13C,12C) and nitrogen (15N,14N) stable isotope analyses to test the hypotheses that (i) L. pictus would increase its use of arthropods during the rainy season when seeds are less available on the forest floor and (ii) that L. pictus would increase its use of arthropods in degraded forest compared with conserved forest. Our hypotheses were wrong because assimilated biomass was derived almost exclusively from seeds in both seasons and the importance of arthropods was marginal in both sites. Examination of food remains in feces and cheek pouches confirmed these trophic patterns. Seed hoarding during the season of high seed availability probably allows L. pictus to subsist on a seed-based diet throughout the year in conserved and disturbed forests. This behavioral trait would enable L. pictus to maintain its specialized feeding habit in environments threatened by habitat degradation.
Do infections with parasites and exposure to pollution affect susceptibility to predation in johnny darters (Etheostoma nigrum)?
Authors: Krause Rachel J. , Grant James W.A. , McLaughlin J. Daniel , Marcogliese David J. 
Published: December 2010

Johnny darters ( Etheostoma nigrum Rafinesque, 1820) were collected from five localities in the St. Lawrence River in southwestern Quebec to test the effects of natural parasite infections and exposure in situ to pollution on their antipredator behaviour. Three measures of antipredator behaviour were made: (1) capture time (i.e., the time taken to catch individual fish) was used as a proxy for the ability to evade predation, (2) capture order was the order in which fish kept in a single tank were taken from the tank, and (3) flight initiation distance was the distance at which the fish moved when approached by a model predator. Only capture time showed a significant correlation with parasitism or pollution status. A nonparametric permutational multivariate ANOVA showed that capture time was significantly correlated with capture location and the abundance of the brain-encysting trematode Ornithodiplostomum Dubois, 1936. Infection with Ornithodiplostomum sp. may have led to an increase in activity, which would be maladaptive for this cryptic, benthic fish under natural predation conditions. Pollution may have an indirect effect on predator susceptibility in johnny darters, by reducing the abundance of a behaviour-modifying parasite.
An Implicit Extragradient Method for Hierarchical Variational Inequalities
Authors: Yao Yonghong , Liou YeongCheng 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAs a well-known numerical method, the extragradient method solves numerically the variational inequality "Equation missing" of finding "Equation missing" such that "Equation missing", for all "Equation missing". In this paper, we devote to solve the following hierarchical variational inequality "Equation missing" Find "Equation missing" such that "Equation missing", for all "Equation missing". We first suggest and analyze an implicit extragradient method for solving the hierarchical variational inequality "Equation missing". It is shown that the net defined by the suggested implicit extragradient method converges strongly to the unique solution of "Equation missing" in Hilbert spaces. As a special case, we obtain the minimum norm solution of the variational inequality "Equation missing".
Notch Pathway Inhibition Significantly Reduces Rhabdomyosarcoma Invasiveness and Mobility In Vitro
Authors: Roma Josep , Masià Anna , Reventós Jaume , Sánchez de Toledo Josep , Gallego Soledad 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Purpose: Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common type of soft tissue sarcoma in children and can be divided into two main subtypes: embryonal and alveolar RMS. Patients with metastatic disease continue to have very poor prognosis although aggressive therapies and recurrences are common in advanced localized disease. The oncogenic potential of the Notch pathway has been established in some cancers of the adult and in some pediatric malignancies.
Experimental Design: A real-time PCR assay was used to ascertain the expression of several Notch pathway components in a wide panel of RMS and cell lines. Four γ-secretase inhibitors (GSIs) were tested for pathway inhibition and the degree of inhibition was assessed by analysis of Hes1 and Hey1 expression. The putative effects of Notch pathway inhibition were evaluated by wound-healing, matrigel/transwell invasion, cell-cycle, and apoptosis assays.
Results: The Notch pathway was widely expressed and activated in RMS and underwent substantial inhibition when treated with GSIs or transfected with a dominant negative form of MAML1. RMS cells showed a significant decrease in its mobility and invasiveness when the Notch pathway was properly inhibited; conversely, its inhibition had no noticeable effect on cell cycle or apoptosis.
Conclusion: Pharmacological or genetic blockage of the pathway significantly reduced invasiveness of RMS cell lines, thereby suggesting a possible role of the Notch pathway in the regulation of the metastatic process in RMS. Clin Cancer Res; 17(3); 505–13. ©2010 AACR.
Evaluation of the Anti-HER2 C6.5 Diabody as a PET Radiotracer to Monitor HER2 status and Predict Response to Trastuzumab Treatment
Authors: Reddy Smitha , Shaller Calvin C. , Doss Mohan , Shchaveleva Irina , Marks James D. , Yu Jian Q. , Robinson Matthew K. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Purpose: The rapid tumor targeting and pharmacokinetic properties of engineered antibodies make them potentially suitable for use in imaging strategies to predict and monitor response to targeted therapies. This study aims to evaluate C6.5 diabody (C6.5db), a noncovalent anti-HER2 single-chain Fv dimer, as a radiotracer for predicting response to HER2-targeted therapies such as trastuzumab.
Experimental Design: Immunodeficient mice bearing established HER2-positive tumor xenografts were injected with radioiodinated C6.5db and imaged by PET/CT. Radiotracer biodistribution was quantified by biopsied tumor and normal tissues. Potential competition between trastuzumab and C6.5db was examined in vitro by flow cytometry and coimmunoprecipitations.
Results: Biodistribution analysis of mice bearing xenografts with varying HER2 density revealed that the tumor uptake of 125I-C6.5db correlates with HER2 tumor density. In vitro competition experiments suggest that the C6.5db targets an epitope on HER2 that is distinct from that bound by trastuzumab. Treatment of mice affected with SK-OV-3 tumor with trastuzumab for 3 days caused a 42% (P = 0.002) decrease in tumor uptake of 125I-C6.5db. This is consistent with a dramatic decrease in the tumor PET signal of 124I-C6.5db after trastuzumab treatment. Furthermore, mice affected with BT-474 tumor showed an approximately 60% decrease (P = 0.0026) in C6.5db uptake after 6 days of trastuzumab treatment. Immunohistochemistry of excised xenograft sections and in vitro flow cytometry revealed that the decreased C6.5db uptake on trastuzumab treatment is not associated with HER2 downregulation.
Conclusions: These studies suggest that 124I-C6.5db–based imaging can be used to evaluate HER2 levels as a predictor of response to HER2-directed therapies. Clin Cancer Res; 17(6); 1509–20. ©2010 AACR.
Excision Repair Cross-Complementing Group 1 May Predict the Efficacy of Chemoradiation Therapy for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer
Authors: Kawashima Atsunari , Nakayama Masashi , Kakuta Yoichi , Abe Toyofumi , Hatano Koji , Mukai Masatoshi , Nagahara Akira , Nakai Yasutomo , Oka Daizo , Takayama Hitoshi , Yoshioka Toshiaki , Hoshida Yoshihiko , Itatani Hiroaki , Nishimura Kazuo , Nonomura Norio 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Purpose: Chemoradiation therapy (CRT) is now widely recognized as bladder-preserving therapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). However, some patients who fail CRT may miss the chance to be cured by cystectomy. Therefore, it is important to select patients with MIBC who are expected to have a good response to CRT. Several reports indicate that the excision repair cross-complementing group 1 (ERCC1) gene is associated with resistance to cisplatin and radiation therapy. In this study, we examined the correlation between ERCC1 and CRT in vitro and in vivo in bladder cancer.
Experimental Design: Bladder cancer cell lines T24, 5637, Cl8-2 (multidrug-resistant subline of T24), and CDDP10-3 (cisplatin-resistant subline of T24) were used for in vitro assays to measure ERCC1 expression level and growth inhibition with cisplatin or ionizing radiation (IR). We then examined by immunohistochemistry that whether ERCC1 nuclear staining correlates with the efficacy of CRT using cisplatin in 22 patients with MIBC.
Results: Cl8-2 cells expressed ERCC1 mRNA 5.96-fold higher than did T24. Cl8-2 and CDDP10-3 were more resistant to cisplatin or IR than was T24. Resistance to IR, but not to cisplatin, was removed by suppressing ERCC1 using siRNA in both Cl8-2 and CDDP10-3 cells. In immunohistochemistry with ERCC1, 6 of 8 positive cases did not have complete response to CRT, whereas 12 of 14 negative cases had complete response. Sensitivity and specificity were 75% and 85.7%, respectively (P = 0.008).
Conclusion: Although further study is needed, ERCC1 expression level may predict the efficacy of CRT for MIBC. Clin Cancer Res; 17(8); 2561–9. ©2010 AACR.
Chondroitinase ABC I–Mediated Enhancement of Oncolytic Virus Spread and Antitumor Efficacy
Authors: Dmitrieva Nina , Yu Lianbo , Viapiano Mariano , Cripe Timothy P. , Chiocca E. Antonio , Glorioso Joseph C. , Kaur Balveen 
Published: December 2010

AbstractPurpose: The inhibitory role of secreted chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans on oncolytic viral (OV) therapy was examined. Chondroitinase ABC (Chase-ABC) is a bacterial enzyme that can remove chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans from proteoglycans without any deleterious effects in vivo. We examined the effect of Chase-ABC on OV spread and efficacy.Experimental Design: Three-dimensional glioma spheroids placed on cultured brain slices were utilized to evaluate OV spread. Replication-conditional OV-expressing Chase-ABC (OV-Chase) was engineered using HSQuik technology and tested for spread and efficacy in glioma spheroids. Subcutaneous and intracranial glioma xenografts were utilized to compare antitumor efficacy of OV-Chase, rHsvQ (control), and PBS. Titration of viral particles was performed from OV-treated subcutaneous tumors. Glioma invasion was assessed in collagen-embedded glioma spheroids in vitro and in intracranial tumors. All statistical tests were two sided.Results: Treatment with Chase-ABC in cultured glioma cells significantly enhanced OV spread in glioma spheroids grown on brain slices (P &lt; 0.0001). Inoculation of subcutaneous glioma xenografts with Chase-expressing OV significantly increased viral titer (&gt;10 times, P = 0.0008), inhibited tumor growth, and significantly increased overall animal survival (P &lt; 0.006) compared with treatment with parental rHsvQ virus. Single OV-Chase administration in intracranial xenografts also resulted in longer median survival of animals than rHsvQ treatment (32 vs. 21 days, P &lt; 0.018). Glioma cell migration and invasion were not increased by OV-Chase treatment.Conclusions: We conclude that degradation of glioma extracellular matrix with OV-expressing bacterial Chase-ABC enhanced OV spread and antitumor efficacy. Clin Cancer Res; 17(6); 1362–72. ©2010 AACR.
New Geostationary Satellite–Based Snow-Cover Algorithm
Authors: Siljamo Niilo , Hyvärinen Otto 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSnow cover plays an important role in the climate system by changing the energy and mass transfer between the atmosphere and the surface. Reliable observations of the snow cover are difficult to obtain without satellites. This paper introduces a new algorithm for satellite-based snow-cover detection that is in operational use for Meteosat in the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites Satellite Application Facility on Land Surface Analysis (LSA SAF). The new version of the product is compared with the old version and the NOAA/National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service Interactive Multisensor Snow and Ice Mapping System (IMS) snow-cover product. The new version of the LSA SAF snow-cover product improves the accuracy of snow detection and is comparable to the IMS product in cloud-free conditions.
The Breaking and Scattering of the Internal Tide on a Continental Slope
Authors: Klymak Jody M. , Alford Matthew H. , Pinkel Robert , Lien Ren-Chieh , Yang Yung Jang , Tang Tswen-Yung 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
A strong internal tide is generated in the Luzon Strait that radiates westward to impact the continental shelf of the South China Sea. Mooring data in 1500-m depth on the continental slope show a fortnightly averaged incoming tidal flux of 12 kW m−1, and a mooring on a broad plateau on the slope finds a similar flux as an upper bound. Of this, 5.5 kW m−1 is in the diurnal tide and 3.5 kW m−1 is in the semidiurnal tide, with the remainder in higher-frequency motions. Turbulence dissipation may be as high as 3 kW m−1. Local generation is estimated from a linear model to be less than 1 kW m−1. The continental slope is supercritical with respect to the diurnal tide, implying that there may be significant back reflection into the basin. Comparing the low-mode energy of a horizontal standing wave at the mooring to the energy flux indicates that perhaps one-third of the incoming diurnal tidal energy is reflected. Conversely, the slope is subcritical with respect to the semidiurnal tide, and the observed reflection is very weak. A surprising observation is that, despite significant diurnal vertical-mode-2 incident energy flux, this energy did not reflect; most of the reflection was in mode 1.
The observations are consistent with a linear scattering model for supercritical topography. Large fractions of incoming energy can reflect depending on both the geometry of the shelfbreak and the phase between the modal components of the incoming flux. If the incident mode-1 and mode-2 waves are in phase at the shelf break, there is substantial transmission onto the shelf; if they are out of phase, there is almost 100% reflection. The observations of the diurnal tide at the site are consistent with the first case: weak reflection, with most of it in mode 1 and almost no reflection in mode 2. The sensitivity of the reflection on the phase between incident components significantly complicates the prediction of reflections from continental shelves.
Finally, a somewhat incidental observation is that the shape of the continental slope has large regions that are near critical to the dominant diurnal tide. This implicates the internal tide in shaping of the continental slope.
Effect of the KTP Laser in Inferior Turbinate Surgery on Eosinophil Influx in Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Chusakul Supinda , Choktaweekarn Thitima , Snidvongs Kornkiat , Phannaso Chuntima , Aeumjaturapat Songklot 
Published: December 2010

ObjectiveIntranasal corticosteroids (INCS) are first‐line medications for moderate to severe allergic rhinitis (AR). Patients who have had nasal congestion for many years often develop inferior turbinate (IT) hypertrophy. Some patients are refractory to INCS yet decline to receive allergen‐specific immunotherapy. IT reduction is then indicated. There have been very few studies evaluating the allergic biomarker changes after IT reduction in AR. This study aimed to determine the effect of potassium titanyl–phosphate (KTP) laser IT surgery on eosinophil influx after challenge with dust mites.Study DesignA randomized prospective controlled study.SettingTertiary academic rhinology clinic.Subjects and MethodsThirty‐five house dust mite AR patients were randomly assigned to receive either INCS or KTP laser IT surgery. On the first visit, 2 nasal lavages prior to and 6 hours after challenge with Dermatophagiodes pteronyssinus were performed before receiving treatment. On the second visit, 3 months after treatment, the same procedures were repeated. No antiallergic medications were allowed for 2 weeks before each visit. Net changes in eosinophil numbers in the lavages were compared at baseline and 3 months after treatment and between the 2 treatments.ResultsTreatment with KTP laser IT surgery resulted in a significant reduction in eosinophil influx after nasal challenge (P =. 013), whereas such a reduction was not shown in the control. However, the net changes in the percentage of eosinophils were not different between the 2 groups at either visit.ConclusionKTP laser IT surgery reduces eosinophil influx after nasal challenge in perennial AR.
HLA-DR allele polymorphism and multiple sclerosis in Chinese populations: a meta-analysis
Authors: Qiu Wei , James Ian , Carroll William M , Mastaglia Frank L , Kermode Allan G 
Published: December 2010

Background: The association of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes and multiple sclerosis (MS) has been extensively investigated in Caucasians, but less so in Oriental races such as Chinese. Objectives: To review studies on association of HLA class II alleles with MS in the Chinese population. Methods: An extensive search for published studies up to June 2010 was performed in the electronic databases. The meta-analysis facilities in the NCSS statistical package were utilized to analyze the findings in these studies. The odds ratios (ORs) of HLA-DR allele distributions in MS were analyzed against controls. Results: Eleven case-control studies were identified: nine genotyping and two serotyping studies. Six genotyping studies were suitable for HLA-DRB1 allele meta-analysis, which showed that HLA-DRB1*15 was associated with risk of MS in the combined group (308 cases and 407 controls; OR 1.39) while the HLA-DRB1*09 and HLA-DRB1*0901 alleles were protective. When the equivalent serotypes in these six studies were combined with the results from the two serotyping studies (431 cases and 652 controls) for a meta-analysis of HLA-DR serotypes, HLA-DR2 was a risk factor (OR 1.63) and HLA-DR9 was strongly protective in the combined group (OR 0.64). Conclusions: Although limited data are available, our meta-analysis suggests that HLA-DR2/DRB1*15 are also associated with risk of MS in the Chinese population but less strongly so than in Western MS populations, whereas HLA-DR9 alleles appear to confer resistance in this population.
CD46 in a Spanish cohort of multiple sclerosis patients: genetics, mRNA expression and response to interferon-beta treatment
Authors: Alvarez-Lafuente Roberto , Blanco-Kelly Fiona , Garcia-Montojo Marta , Martínez Alfonso , Heras Virginia De Las , Dominguez-Mozo Maria Inmaculada , Bartolome Manuel , Garcia-Martinez Angel , Concha Emilio Gomez De la , Urcelay Elena , Arroyo Rafael 
Published: December 2010

Background: In a prior study of our group we found an up-regulation of CD46 expression in a cohort of Spanish multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Objective: To evaluate the potential role of CD46 in the response to interferon-beta treatment in MS patients through the analysis of five tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and measurement of mRNA. Methods: A total of 406 MS patients and 513 control patients were analysed for five SNPs at the CD46 locus. Furthermore, 163 MS patients and 163 matched control patients were analysed by RT-PCR for the CD46 mRNA expression in three blood samples (basal, and at 6 and 12 months of interferon-beta treatment) collected in the course of a 1-year follow-up. Results: Two genotypes of rs2724385 polymorphism (AT and TT) could be markers of response to interferon-beta therapy in MS patients ( p = 0.007 and p = 0.006, respectively). Furthermore, the frequency of interferon-beta responders was 44.4% (32/72) in MS patients with an increased CD46 mRNA expression, vs. 65.9% (60/91) in patients with a decreased CD46 mRNA expression ( p = 0.006). Conclusion: The present study shows that CD46 could be associated with the response to interferon-beta therapy; however, the genetic results should be replicated in an independent cohort and further studies are needed to confirm the role of CD46.