bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of climate change on water availability in the Macquarie‐Castlereagh River Basin in Australia
Authors: Vaze J. , Davidson A. , Teng J. , Podger G. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe impact of future climate on runoff generation and the implications of these changes for management of water resources in a river basin are investigated by running these changes through catchment and river system models. Two conceptual daily rainfall‐runoff models are used to simulate runoff across the Macquarie‐Castlereagh region for historical (1895–2006) and future (∼2030) climate based on outputs from 15 of the 23 IPCC AR4 GCMs for the A1B global warming scenario. The estimates of future runoff are used as inputs to the river system model. The mean annual historical rainfall averaged across the Macquarie‐Castlereagh region is 544 mm and the simulated runoff is 34 and 30 mm for SIMHYD and Sacramento rainfall‐runoff models, respectively. The mean annual future rainfall and runoff across the region are projected to decrease. The modelling results show a median estimate of a 5% reduction for SIMHYD (50% confidence interval − 11 to + 7%) and a 7% reduction for Sacramento (50% confidence interval − 15 to + 8%) in mean annual runoff under a ∼2030 climate for the region. The results from the river system modelling indicate that under the ∼2030 climate scenario, the median of general security and supplementary diversions are projected to decrease by 4% (50% confidence interval − 10 to + 5%) and 2% (50% confidence interval − 5 to + 3%) respectively for the SIMHYD inflows and 8% (50% confidence interval − 17 to + 6%) and 5% (50% confidence interval − 11 to + 3%) for the Sacramento inflows. The future annual and seasonal storage volumes for the Burrendong Dam and inflows at all major locations across the region are projected to be lower than the historical records. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predictive modeling of selenium accumulation in brine shrimp in saline environments
Authors: Byron Earl R. , Ohlendorf Harry M. , Redman Aaron , Adams William J. , Marden Brad , Grosell Martin , Brooks Marjorie L. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Great Salt Lake, Utah, is a large, terminal, hypersaline lake consisting of a northern more saline arm and a southern arm that is less saline. The southern arm supports a seasonally abundant fauna of low diversity consisting of brine shrimp (Artemia franciscana), 7 species of brine flies, and multiple species of algae. Although fish cannot survive in the main body of the lake, the lake is highly productive, and brine shrimp and brine fly populations support large numbers of migratory waterfowl and shorebirds, as well as resident waterfowl, shorebirds, and gulls. Selenium and other trace elements, metals, and nutrients are contaminants of concern for the lake because of their concentrations in municipal and industrial outfalls and runoff from local agriculture and the large urban area of Salt Lake City. As a consequence, the State of Utah recently recommended water quality standards for Se for the southern arm of Great Salt Lake based on exposure and risk to birds. The tissue-based recommendations (as measured in bird eggs) were based on the understanding that Se toxicity is predominately expressed through dietary exposure, and that the breeding shorebirds, waterfowl, and gulls of the lake are the receptors of most concern. The bird egg–based recommended standards for Se require a model to link bird egg Se concentrations to their dietary concentrations and water column values. This study analyzes available brine shrimp tissue Se data from a variety of sources, along with waterborne and water particulate (potential brine shrimp diet) Se concentrations, in an attempt to develop a model to predict brine shrimp Se concentrations from the Se concentrations in surrounding water. The model can serve as a tool for linking the tissue-based water quality standards of a key dietary item to waterborne concentrations. The results were compared to other laboratory and field-based models to predict brine shrimp tissue Se concentrations from ambient water and their diet. No significant relationships were found between brine shrimp and their dietary Se, as measured by seston concentrations. The final linear and piecewise regression models showed significant positive relationships between waterborne and brine shrimp tissue Se concentrations but with a very weak predictive ability for waterborne concentrations &lt;10 µg/L. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2011;7:478–482. © 2011 SETAC
Toward sustainability: A case study demonstrating transdisciplinary learning through the selection and use of indicators in a decision-making process
Authors: Stahl Cynthia , Cimorelli Alan , Mazzarella Christine , Jenkins Bill 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to use a case study example to demonstrate how a transparent, transdisciplinary approach to decision making allows the US Environmental Protection Agency Region III (USEPA Region III) to fulfill its decision-making responsibilities while taking critical steps toward engaging in sustainability discussions. The case study goals were to use information about environmental condition to inform staff and fiscal resource prioritization and allocation for the federal 2010 fiscal year. This article will use a select group of 3 indicators to show 1) that data are not the same as indicators, 2) the feasibility of using disparate data in the same analysis, and 3) specific discussions about indicators can lead to transdisciplinary learning, supporting more informed decision making. We show that, when used in a transdisciplinary learning process, these indicator lessons provide a stepping stone for organizations like USEPA Region III to consider sustainability as more than just a lofty, ethical concept. Instead, these kinds of organizations can more routinely and substantively address sustainability through a progression of individual decisions. We discuss how sustainability can be linked to decision making through a process that requires stakeholders to articulate and confront their values. In this process, selecting indicators and understanding what those choices imply regarding the issues that are highlighted and the population affected is part of the assessment of environmental condition, which is the focus of the case study. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2011;7:483–498. © 2011 SETAC
MicroRNA miR‐335 is crucial for the BRCA1 regulatory cascade in breast cancer development
Authors: Heyn Holger , Engelmann Maria , Schreek Sabine , Ahrens Philipp , Lehmann Ulrich , Kreipe Hans , Schlegelberger Brigitte , Beger Carmela 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe expression of microRNAs is altered in various cancer types, leading to their definition as onco‐ and tumor‐suppressor microRNAs. In our study, we investigated the role of miR‐335 in the formation of sporadic human breast cancer and its involvement in the regulatory network of the breast cancer susceptibility gene BRCA1. To validate single components of the BRCA1 cascade, microRNA overexpression was performed in a cell culture model with subsequent protein analysis and luciferase reporter assays. Here, we were able to identify miR‐335 as simultaneously regulating the known BRCA1 activators ERα, IGF1R, SP1 and the repressor ID4, including a feedback regulation of miR‐335 expression by estrogens. Overexpression of miR‐335 resulted in an upregulation of BRCA1 mRNA expression, suggesting a functional dominance of ID4 signaling. The relevance of the miR‐335 regulation for human breast cancer was confirmed in primary sporadic breast cancer specimens with significantly decreased miR‐335 levels (p < 0.05) in comparison to normal controls. Interestingly, the microRNA expression level correlated positively to the BRCA1 transcript level, supporting the hypothesis of a miR‐335‐mediated regulation of the tumor suppressor gene. Functionally, overexpression of miR‐335 led to decreased cell viability and an increase in apoptosis, supporting its tumor‐suppressive function. In summary, our data indicate that miR‐335 affects different targets in the upstream BRCA1‐regulatory cascade with impact on key cellular functions such as proliferation and apoptosis. Deregulation of the microRNA during breast cancer development and progression may thereby lead to an increased tumorigenic potential by inactivating crucial tumor‐suppressive signals.
Looking ahead: A case for human papillomavirus testing of self‐sampled vaginal specimens as a cervical cancer screening strategy
Authors: Gravitt Patti E. , Belinson Jerome L. , Salmeron Jorge , Shah Keerti V. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractEven in the era of highly effective human papillomavirus (HPV) prophylactic vaccines, substantial reduction in worldwide cervical cancer mortality will only be realized if effective early detection and treatment of the millions of women already infected and the millions who may not receive vaccination in the next decade can be broadly implemented through sustainable cervical cancer screening programs. Effective programs must meet three targets: (i) at least 70% of the targeted population should be screened at least once in a lifetime, (ii) screening assays and diagnostic tests must be reproducible and sufficiently sensitive and specific for the detection of high‐grade precursor lesions (i.e., CIN2+), and (iii) effective treatment must be provided. We review the evidence that HPV DNA screening from swabs collected by the women in their home or village is sufficiently sound for consideration as a primary screening strategy in the developing world, with sensitivity and specificity for detection of CIN2+ as good or better than Pap smear cytology and VIA. A key feature of a self‐collected HPV testing strategy (SC‐HPV) is the move of the primary screening activities from the clinic to the community. Efforts to increase the affordability and availability of HPV DNA tests, community education and awareness, development of strong partnerships between community advocacy groups, health care centers and regional or local laboratories, and resource appropriate strategies to identify and treat screen‐positive women should now be prioritized to ensure successful public health translation of the technologic advancements in cervical cancer prevention.
OIL PRICES AND STOCK MARKETS IN GCC COUNTRIES: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM PANEL ANALYSIS
Authors: Arouri Mohamed El Hedi , Rault Christophe 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we examine long‐run links between oil prices and stock markets in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) using recent bootstrap panel cointegration techniques and seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) methods. Since GCC countries are major world energy market players, their stock markets are likely to be susceptible to oil price. We show that there is evidence for cointegration between oil prices and stock markets in GCC countries, while the SUR results indicate that oil price increases have a positive impact on stock prices, except in Saudi Arabia. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The geography of dual career households: A research agenda and selected evidence from secondary data sources for Britain
Authors: Green Anne E. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAmongst the key dimensions of population and labour market change in most parts of western Europe and other similar economies in the 1990s are low fertility rates, rising numbers of smaller households, increasing female participation rates, growth in higher level non‐manual occupations and the spread of flexible employment patterns. This paper explores how these trends have led to an increase in the number and significance of one particular subgroup: dual career households. An overview from available secondary sources of the geography and socio‐economic characteristics of such households in Britain is presented, and directions for possible future research on dual career households are outlined.
Immigration impacts on internal migration of the poor: 1990 census evidence for US states
Authors: Frey William H. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis article presents newly‐available migration data from the 1990 US census to assess immigration and internal migration components as they affect state poverty populations. New immigrant waves are heavily focused on only a few ‘port‐of‐entry’ states. It is suggested that these immigrants have begun to impact upon internal migration into and out of these ‘high immigration states’, and have also altered the national system of internal migration patterns. This article addresses three questions: How do the magnitudes of poverty population out‐migration from high immigration states compare with those of other states? Is this out‐migration selective on particular social and demographic groups? Is immigration a significant determinant of internal migration of the poor population?The results of this analysis are consistent with the view that recent, focused immigration is associated with out‐migration among a state's poor longer‐term residents. At the local level, there is a demographic displacement of low income residents by immigrants which involves more than just numbers of people. Rather, it involves a turnover of race, ethnic and skill‐level characteristics in the state's poor population that can impact upon race relations, public service requirements and labor force quality.
The demographic system of a Mediterranean Island: Mykonos, Greece 1859–1959
Authors: Hionidou Violetta 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis paper is an attempt to examine the demographic distinctiveness of island populations. The population of the Greek island of Mykonos in the period 1859 to 1959 is used. Using the results obtained from family reconstitution and inverse projection the inter‐relations of the major demographic components are described. The pre‐transitional demographic system of Mykonos was found to have been characterised by the combination of low mortality and low marital though moderately high overall fertility. The resulting high population growth was counterbalanced by high emigration which kept the island population almost constant. Mortality and fertility experienced parallel and rapid decline. In both pre‐ and transitional Mykonos fertility rather than mortality seems to have been the main factor responsible for the changes in population growth. The findings point to a demographic distinctiveness of Mediterranean island populations. Nevertheless, more detailed island studies are necessary before firm conclusions concerning the demographic distinctiveness of islands can be reached.
Spatial and demographic dynamics of metropolitan and nonmetropolitan territory in the United States
Authors: Nucci Alfred , Long Larry 
Published: January 2011

AbstractPopulation in nonmetropolitan territory is growing more slowly in the 1990s than the total population of metropolitan areas, but several features of the nonmetropolitan ‘turnaround’ of the 1970s have returned. Our study starts with metropolitan areas as bounded in 1963, and analyses subsequent population change in these areas and in counties added to their expanding fringe by 1973, 1983, and 1993; then we added in new metropolitan areas recognised as of these dates, and subsequent addition of counties to their fringes. For these territorial aggregates we analyse natural increase, net migration, and change in the native and foreign‐born populations. This approach provides an improved basis for comparing population redistribution in successive decades. It reveals that the rise between 1960 and 1994 in the percentage of Americans who live in metropolitan areas can be attributed entirely to territory reclassified during this period to the metropolitan sector from the nonmetropolitan sector.
A novel method for measuring aromatase activity in tissue samples by determining estradiol concentrations
Authors: Tinwell H. , Rascle J. B. , Colombel S. , Al Khansa I. , Freyberger A. , Bars R. 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTIncreasing scrutiny of endocrine disrupters has led to changes to European pesticide and biocide legislation and to the introduction of the Endocrine Disrupter Screening Program by the US EPA. One element of endocrine disrupter identification is to determine its effects on aromatase, but most available assays are limited as they depend on tritiated water production to indicate enzyme activity. Whilst acceptable for determining aromatase effects using a cell‐free approach, this method is unreliable for cell or tissue‐based investigations as other cytochrome P‐450 isoenzyme activities can similarly produce tritiated water and consequently confound interpretation of the aromatase data. To address this lack of specificity an assay directly measuring the final estrogen product by incubating rat tissue protein with testosterone and measuring the resultant estradiol concentration was developed. Using this approach we demonstrated marked increases in enzyme activity in pregnant rat ovary samples and dose‐related inhibitions when incubating non‐pregnant rat ovary samples with known aromatase inhibitors. Hepatic aromatase activity was investigated using our method and by tritiated water production with microsomes from rats dosed with the antiandrogen 1,1‐dichloro‐2,2‐bis(4 chlorophenyl)ethane. Additional cytochrome P‐450s were also measured. Treatment‐related increased tritiated water production and general hepatic enzyme activity were recorded but estradiol was not increased, indicating that the increased tritiated water was due to general enzyme activity and not aromatase activity. A simple and specific method has been developed that can detect aromatase inhibition and induction, which when applied to tissue samples, provides a means of generating relevant animal data concerning chemical effects on the aromatase enzyme.
Sonographic diagnosis of tumor thrombus formation in the umbilical vein: A case report
Authors: Feng Pei , Feifei Zhang , Ning He , Yuxiang Liu 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThere are few reports of tumor thrombus formation in the umbilical vein. We report a case in which sonographic examination revealed tumor thrombus formation in the reopened umbilical vein in a patient with hepatic cirrhosis, primary liver cancer, and portal hypertension. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2011
Analysis of achilles tendon vascularity with second‐generation contrast‐enhanced ultrasound
Authors: Genovese Eugenio , Ronga Mario , Recaldini Chiara , Fontana Federico , Callegari Leonardo , Maffulli Nicola , Fugazzola Carlo 
Published: January 2011

AbstractPurpose:To compare morphological, power Doppler, and contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) features of the Achilles tendon between asymptomatic athletes and athletes who had undergone surgical repair of a previous rupture.Methods:Twenty‐four athletes were divided in two groups (A and B). Group A included 14 patients with a median age of 32 years (range 27 to 47 years) who had undergone surgical repair for unilateral Achilles tendon rupture. Group B (control group) included 10 subjects with a median age of 34 years (range 27 to 40 years) with no previous or present history of tendinopathy. All patients were evaluated with ultrasound, power Doppler, and CEUS with second‐generation contrast agent. We studied the uninjured Achilles tendon in athletes of group A and either the left or the right Achilles tendon of the athletes in group B.Results:CEUS showed a significantly greater ability to detect a greater number of vascular spots within the uninjured tendon of group A compared to group B (<0.05).Conclusions:In athletes who had suffered a tear of an Achilles tendon, CEUS detected small vessels that were not identified by power Doppler ultrasound in the uninjured contralateral Achilles tendon. CEUS is useful to evaluate vascularity not detected by other imaging techniques. Vascularity in the uninjured tendon seems to be increased in patients who had a previous rupture. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2011
Mesothelium of the murine allantois exhibits distinct regional properties
Authors: Daane Jacob M. , Enders Allen C. , Downs Karen M. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe rodent allantois is thought to be unique amongst mammals in not having an endodermal component. Here, we have investigated the mesothelium, or outer surface, of murine umbilical precursor tissue, the allantois (∼7.25–8.5 days postcoitum, dpc) to discover whether it exhibits the properties of an epithelium. A combination of morphology, challenge with biotinylated dextran amines (BDAs), and immunohistochemistry revealed that the mesothelium of the mouse allantois exhibits distinct regional properties. By headfold stages (∼7.75–8.0 dpc), distal mesothelium was generally squamous in shape, and highly permeable to BDA challenge, whereas ventral proximal mesothelium, referred to as “ventral cuboidal mesothelium” (VCM) for the characteristic cuboidal shape of its cells, was relatively impermeable. Although “dorsal cuboidal mesothelium” (DCM) resembled the VCM in cell shape, its permeability to BDA was intermediate between the other two regions. Results of immunostaining for Zonula Occludens‐1 (ZO‐1) and Epithelial‐cadherin (E‐cadherin), together with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), suggested that impermeability in the VCM may be due to greater cellular contact area between cells and close packing rather than to maturity of tight junctions, the latter of which, by comparison with the visceral yolk sac, appeared to be rare or absent from the allantoic surface. Both VCM and DCM exhibited an ultrastructure more favorable for protein synthesis than did the distal squamous mesothelium; however, at most stages, VCM exhibited robust afadin (AF‐6), whereas the DCM uniquely contained alpha‐4‐integrin. These observations demonstrate that the allantoic mesothelium is not a conventional epithelium but possesses regional ultrastructural, functional and molecular differences that may play important roles in the correct deployment of the umbilical cord and its associated vascular, hematopoietic, and other cell types. J. Morphol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Caffeine enhances osteoclast differentiation from bone marrow hematopoietic cells and reduces bone mineral density in growing rats
Authors: Liu Shing Hwa , Chen Chinliang , Yang Rong Sen , Yen Yuan Peng , Yang Ya Ting , Tsai Chingmin 
Published: January 2011

AbstractCaffeine‐containing beverage consumption has been associated with low bone mass and increased fracture risk in some, but not most, observational studies. The effects of caffeine on bone metabolism are still controversial. We investigated the effects of caffeine on the differentiation of bone progenitor cells and bone mineral density (BMD) by in vitro and in vivo experiments. Low‐concentration caffeine (0.005–0.1 mM) did not affect the bone marrow cell viability and alkaline phosphatase activity during osteoblast differentiation from bone marrow stromal cells, but it effectively enhanced the osteoclastogenesis from bone marrow hematopoietic cells and the bone resorption activity by pit formation assay. Moreover, caffeine effectively enhanced the receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand (RANKL), but reduced the osteoprotegerin protein expressions in osteoblast MC3T3‐E1 cells. Caffeine could also increase the cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) protein expression and prostaglandin (PG)E2 production in cultured neonatal mouse calvariae. In animal study, BMD in lumbar vertebra, femur, or tibia was significantly lowered in growing rats supplemented with 0.2% caffeine in diets for 20 weeks compared with the control group. The calcium contents in tibia and femur of caffeine‐treated rats were also lower than that in the control group. The osteoclastogenesis of bone marrow cells isolated from caffeine‐treated rats was markedly enhanced as compared with the control group. Taken together, these results suggest that caffeine may reduce BMD in growing rats through the enhancement in osteoclastogenesis. Caffeine may possess the ability to enhance a COX‐2/PGE2‐regulated RANKL‐mediated osteoclastogenesis. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:954–960