bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Origen, Patristic Philosophy, and Christian Platonism Re-Thinking the Christianisation of Hellenism
Authors: Ramelli Ilaria 
Published: May 2009

AbstractOrigen was a Christian Platonist, which his adversaries (both Christians who opposed Greek philosophy and pagan philosophers like Porphyry who saw Christianity as a non-culture) considered to be a contradictio in adiecto. His formation and teaching centred on philosophy, and his Περì αρχων in its structure was inspired not so much by earlier Christian works as by pagan philosophical works stemming from the selfsame authors as those appreciated at Ammonius' and Plotinus' schools. A close examination of all extant sources and a careful investigation of Origen's philosophical formation, readings, and works show that Origen the Neoplatonist is likely to be our Christian philosopher. The presupposition of the incompatibility between Christianity and philosophy (especially Platonism), which provoked charges against Origen as a Christian Platonist from his lifetime onward, is still at work in modern theorizations concerning the “Hellenisation of Christianity,” which are here analysed and brought into connection with the supposed necessity of distinguishing Origen the Platonist from Origen the Christian. It is not the case that a “pure” Christianity was subsequently Hellenised: the NT itself was already Hellenised to some extent, and the Christian κηρυγμα, intended for all nations and cultures, was a σκανδαλον for the Jews as well as μωρìα for the Greeks.
Is She Not My Wife, and Am I Not Her Husband?
Authors: Liang Wang-Huei 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe love story of the prophet Hosea and his wife is considered a metaphor that signifies the relationship between YHWH and his people the Israelites. “For she is not my wife, and I am not her husband” is one of the sentences uttered by the prophet Hosea when his wife runs after other lovers. To take it literally as such, it seems that Hosea announces divorce to his wife. But this interpretation contradicts what we read from the context of the Scriptures. Alternatively, Hosea's statement could be read as a rhetorical question as is mentioned by Weems. This article, based on grammatical analysis, contextual and inter-textual analysis, proposes that it should be interpreted as a rhetorical question: “for is she not my wife, and am I not her husband?” and expects the reader/audience to respond “yes.”
Absolute Calibration of Radar Reflectivity Using Redundancy of the Polarization Observations and Implied Constraints on Drop Shapes
Authors: Gourley Jonathan J. , Illingworth Anthony J. , Tabary Pierre 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
A major limitation of improved radar-based rainfall estimation is accurate calibration of radar reflectivity. In this paper, the authors fully automate a polarimetric method that uses the consistency between radar reflectivity, differential reflectivity, and the path integral of specific differential phase to calibrate reflectivity. Complete instructions are provided such that this study can serve as a guide for agencies that are upgrading their radars with polarimetric capabilities and require accurate calibration. The method is demonstrated using data from Météo-France’s operational C-band polarimetric radar. Daily averages of the calibration of radar reflectivity are shown to vary by less than 0.2 dB. In addition to achieving successful calibration, a sensitivity test is also conducted to examine the impacts of using different models relating raindrop oblateness to diameter. It turns out that this study highlights the suitability of the raindrop shape models themselves. Evidence is shown supporting the notion that there is a unique model that relates drop oblateness to diameter in midlatitudes.
Structural and therapeutic insights from the species specificity and in vivo antithrombotic activity of a novel αIIb-specific αIIbβ3 antagonist
Authors: Blue Robert , Kowalska M. Anna , Hirsch Jessica , Murcia Marta , Janczak Christin A. , Harrington Amanda , Jirouskova Marketa , Li Jihong , Fuentes Rudy , Thornton Michael A. , Filizola Marta , Poncz Mortimer , Coller Barry S. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
We previously reported on a novel compound (Compound 1; RUC-1) identified by high-throughput screening that inhibits human αIIbβ3. RUC-1 did not inhibit αVβ3, suggesting that it interacts with αIIb, and flexible ligand/rigid protein molecular docking studies supported this speculation. We have now studied RUC-1's effects on murine and rat platelets, which are less sensitive than human to inhibition by Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptides due to differences in the αIIb sequences contributing to the binding pocket. We found that RUC-1 was much less potent in inhibiting aggregation of murine and rat platelets. Moreover, RUC-1 potently inhibited fibrinogen binding to murine platelets expressing a hybrid αIIbβ3 receptor composed of human αIIb and murine β3, but not a hybrid receptor composed of murine αIIb and human β3. Molecular docking studies of RUC-1 were consistent with the functional data. In vivo studies of RUC-1 administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 26.5 mg/kg demonstrated antithrombotic effects in both ferric chloride carotid artery and laser-induced microvascular injury models in mice with hybrid hαIIb/mβ3 receptors. Collectively, these data support RUC-1's specificity for αIIb, provide new insights into the αIIb binding pocket, and establish RUC-1's antithrombotic effects in vivo.
Stabilization of Suspension Concentrate Formulations via Specialized Double-comb Polymers
Authors: Hazen James L. , Bergström Dr. Karin 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Alkyl naphthalene sulfonate condensates, lignosulfonates, block copolymers, and alkoxylated polyarylphenol derivatives are used as dispersants in pesticide suspension concentrate (SC) and suspoemulsion formulations. Typically, a pesticide formulation could contain either type of dispersant, with the final selection being driven by the active ingredient and the desired performance characteristics of the final formulation. Until now, little attention has been focused to the use of stabilizing polymers to improve the quality and shelf life of these formulations. Comparative data were generated on selected aqueous SC formulations to better understand the particle stabilization effects of a specialized double-comb polymer. Significant improvement of suspension stability is possible over the standard formulations.
An Evaluation of Data Entry Error and Proofing Methods for Fisheries Data
Authors: Johnson Christopher L. , Temple Gabriel M. , Pearsons Todd N. , Webster Timothy D. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractReducing data entry error has the potential to improve estimates produced by fisheries practitioners. However, the frequencies of data entry error and evaluations of the recommended protocols for dealing with data entry error have rarely been presented in fisheries‐related literature. The objectives of our study were to determine the magnitude of data entry error in a typical fisheries data set, what kind of errors occurred most often, and how those errors might affect commonly generated estimates of abundance, size structure, and species richness. We evaluated four methods of data entry and proofing: (1) a single entry, (2) read‐aloud proofing, (3) double‐entry proofing, and (4) field use of a personal digital assistant (PDA). We determined the quality of the data after the use of each method and compared common fisheries estimates derived from each with estimates generated from standardized data. Total error discovered in the data set averaged 0.79 ± 0.22% (mean ± SD) and consisted of 44.1% field‐related errors and 55.9% data entry errors. We found that numbers of known errors remaining in the data were significantly lower when proofing methods were used. Abundance estimates derived from a single data entry were significantly different from those derived from data that had undergone proofing. However, the magnitude of the difference (2.22%) was less than our limit of acceptable error and far less than the mean confidence interval of the estimates themselves (60.91%). Further, no differences were detected in mark‐recapture abundance estimates, estimates of size, or estimates of species richness. This suggests that for most common fisheries estimates, a single entry of data or single entry using a PDA is sufficient. We subsequently found that the use of automated error checking helped to ensure an acceptable level of data quality without the time and expense of more traditional error‐checking methods.
Stationary inverted Lyman populations and free-free and bound-free emission of lower-energy state hydride ion formed by an exothermic catalytic reaction of atomic hydrogen and certain group I catalysts
Authors: Mills Randell , Good William , Jansson Peter , He Jiliang 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Rb+ to Rb2+ and 2K+ to K + K2+ each provide a reaction with a net enthalpy equal to the potential energy of atomic hydrogen. The presence of these gaseous ions with thermally dissociated hydrogen formed a plasma having strong VUV emission with a stationary inverted Lyman population. Significant Balmer α line broadening of 18 and 9 eV was observed from a rt-plasma of hydrogen with KNO3, and RbNO3, respectively, compared to 3 eV from a hydrogen microwave plasma. The reaction was exothermic since excess power of about 20 mW/cc was measured by Calvet calorimetry. We propose an energetic catalytic reaction involving a resonance energy transfer between hydrogen atoms and Rb+ or 2K+ to form a very stable novel hydride ion. Its predicted binding energy of 3.0471 eV with the fine structure was observed at 4071 Å, and its predicted bound-free hyperfine structure lines matched those observed for about 40 lines to within.01 percent. Characteristic emission from each catalyst was observed. This catalytic reaction may pump a CW HI laser.
Scaling behavior of earthquakes’ inter-events time series
Authors: Shadkhoo Shahriar , Ghanbarnejad Fakhteh , Jafari Gholam , Tabar Mohammad 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the statistical and scaling properties of the California earthquakes’ inter-events over a period of the recent 40 years. To detect long-term correlations behavior, we apply detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA), which can systematically detect and overcome nonstationarities in the data set at all time scales. We calculate for various earthquakes with magnitudes larger than a given M. The results indicate that the Hurst exponent decreases with increasing M; characterized by a Hurst exponent, which is given by, H = 0:34 + 1:53/M, indicating that for events with very large magnitudes M, the Hurst exponent decreases to 0:50, which is for independent events.
Dielectrophoretic mobility in the characterization of properties of microparticles
Authors: Kuokkanen Maija 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
The dielectric properties of microparticles were characterized by quadrupole electrode geometry. Quadruple microelectrode geometry with hyperbolic active interfaces was designed and fabricated. The dielectrophoretic mobility coefficients of the polystyrene microparticles were attained from negative dielectrophoresis. With the mobility coefficients and hypothetical inflection frequencies of the particles, the permittivity and electric conductivity of the particles in suspension were calculated. This demonstration established that dielectrophoretic mobility attained with a hyperbolic electrode can be used to characterize microparticle properties in suspension.
The differentiation of human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells into dopaminergic cells in vitro
Authors: Chen Li , He Dong-Mei , Zhang Yuan 
Published: May 2009

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) constitute an interesting cellular source to promote brain regeneration after Parkinson’s disease. MSCs have significant advantages over other stem cell types, and greater potential for immediate clinical application. The aim of this study was to investigate whether MSCs from the human placenta could be induced to differentiate into dopaminergic cells. MSCs from the human placenta were isolated by digestion and density gradient fractionation, and their cell surface glycoproteins were analyzed by flow cytometry. These MSCs were cultured under conditions promoting differetiation into adipocytes and osteoblasts. Using a cocktail that includes basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), all trans retinoic acid (RA), ascorbic acid (AA) and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), the MSCs were induced in vitro to become dopamine (DA) neurons. Then, the expression of the mRNA for the Nestin and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) genes was assayed via RT-PCR. The expression of the Nestin, dopamine transporter (DAT), neuronal nuclear protein (NeuN) and TH proteins was determined via immunofluorescence. The synthesized and secreted DA was determined via ELISA. We found that MSCs from the human placenta exhibited a fibroblastoid morphology. Flow cytometric analyses showed that the MSCs were positive for CD44 and CD29, and negative for CD34, CD45, CD106 and HLA-DR. Moreover, they could be induced into adipocytes and osteocytes. When the MSCs were induced with bFGF, RA, AA and IBMX, they showed a change in morphology to that of neuronal-like cells. The induced cells expressed Nestin and TH mRNA, and the Nestin, DAT, NeuN and TH proteins, and synthesized and secreted DA. Our results suggest that MSCs from the human placenta have the ability to differentiate into dopaminergic cells.
QSAR analysis of 1,3-diaryl-2-propen-1-ones and their indole analogs for designing potent antibacterial agents
Authors: Bhatia Neela , Mahadik Kakasaheb , Bhatia Manish 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA series of 1,3-diaryl-2-propen-1-ones and their indole analogs were synthesized and evaluated for antibacterial activity. Structures of newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by physicochemical, spectral and elemental analysis. All the compounds were screened for their antibacterial activities against four different bacterial strains. The QSAR studies were performed using Vlife MDS 3.5 software. QSAR equation revealed that selected electronic, steric and lipophilic parameters have good correlation with antibacterial activity. Best equations were selected on basis of the correlation coefficient (r 2) and the predictable ability of the equations. The present findings suggest that the 1,3-diaryl-2-propen-1-ones framework is an attractive template for structure optimization to achieve higher potency, lower toxicity, and a wider spectrum of antibacterial activity.
Wettability of plasma-polymerized vinyltriethoxysilane film
Authors: Lichovníková Soňa , Studýnka Jan , Čech Vladimír 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPlasma-polymerized films of vinyltriethoxysilane were surface characterized using the sessile drop technique. The surface free energy and its components were evaluated using the Owens-Wendt-Kaelble geometric mean method, Wu harmonic mean method, and van Oss, Chaudhury, and Good acid-base theory. Influence of deposition conditions on the surface free energy was demonstrated in the study. Improved wettability of the films was related to the diminished concentration of apolar methyl groups in plasma polymers. An increased concentration of carbonyl and hydroxyl groups resulted in a very small improvement of the polar component.
GC-MS analyses of flower ether extracts of Prunus domestica L. and Prunus padus L. (Rosaceae)
Authors: Radulović Niko , Đorđević Aleksandra , Zlatković Bojan , Palić Radosav 
Published: May 2009

AbstractVolatiles of fresh flowers of Prunus domestica L. and Prunus padus L. (their diethyl ether extracts) were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. 110 and 33 constituents were identified in P. domestica and P. padus extracts, respectively. 32 of the identified constituents were previously unreported as metabolites of taxa belonging to the genus Prunus. Six of them (4-methoxybenzyl palmitate, isoamyl stearate, isoamyl eicosanoate, isoamyl docosanoate and penta-O-acetyl-α- and β-D-glucopyranoses) are compounds reported for the first time from a natural source and one (isoamyl tetracosanoate) is a new compound in general. The major component of P. domestica extract was kaempferol (35.0 %), while P. padus extract was found to be rich in (Z)-8-hydroxylinalool (30.4 %), benzaldehyde (19.8 %) and 2-phenylethanol (15.1 %). Both extracts (P. domestica and P. padus) contained rather large amounts of shikimate metabolites (51.7 % and 39.1 %, respectively) and anther related odd-carbon numbered alkanes (23.2 % and 27.0 %, respectively). The observed differences between P. domestica and P. padus extracts corroborate the placement of P. domestica and P. padus in separate subgenera (Prunus and Cerasus, respectively) of the genus Prunus.
Characterization of NiFe2O4 nanoparticles synthesized by various methods
Authors: Kavas Hüseyin , Kasapoğlu Nermin , Baykal Abdülhadi , Köseoğlu Yüksel 
Published: May 2009

AbstractMicrowave-induced combustion with glycine, CTAB-assisted hydrothermal process with NaOH and NH3, EDTA assisted-hydrothermal methods have been applied to prepare NiFe2O4 nanoparticles for the first time. Structural and magnetic properties of the products were investigated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmison electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and electron spin resonance spectrometry (EPR). TEM measurements showed that morphology of the product depends on the synthesis method employed. The average cystallite size of NiFe2O4 nanoparticles was in the range of 14–59 nm as measured by XRD. The uncoated sample (Method A) had an EPR linewidth of 1973 Oe, the coated samples reached lower values. The magnetic dipolar interactions existing among the Ni ferrite nanoparticles are reduced by the coatings, which could cause the decrease in the linewidth of the EPR signals. Additionally, the linewidth increases with an increase in the size and the size distribution of nanoparticles.
Free Bone Graft Attenuates Acute Rejection and in Combination with Cyclosporin A Leads to Indefinite Cardiac Allograft Survival
Authors: Wang Hao , Ge Wei , Arp Jacqueline , Zassoko Roman , Liu Weihua , Ichim Thomas E. , Jiang Jifu , Jevnikar Anthony M. , Garcia Bertha 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
We report on a novel approach aimed at preventing acute vascular rejection (AVR), one of the major unresolved hurdles of clinical transplantation. In a C3H-to-BALB/c heterotopic heart transplant model, we demonstrate that free bone transplantation combined with cyclosporin A suppresses antidonor Ab responses, induces indefinite cardiac allograft survival (&gt;100 days), and preserves graft architecture. In contrast, untreated- or cyclosporin A alone-treated recipients rejected their cardiac grafts on days 7.7 ± 0.6 and 15.5 ± 1.1, respectively, with graft histology indicative of AVR. Splenic dendritic cells from nonrejecting recipients expressed low levels of MHC II, CD40, and CD86, reduced ability to stimulate donor cell proliferation, and augmented IL-10 production of responding T cells in vitro. Adoptive transfer of dendritic cells from long-term surviving recipients 1 day before cardiac grafting was able to confer hyporesponsiveness to naive BALB/c recipients of cardiac allografts. To determine whether graft survival was associated with hematopoietic or stromal elements of the transplanted free bone, we administered isolated bone marrow mononuclear cells or free bone that was irradiated to deplete hematopoietic elements. Although bone marrow mononuclear cells had no effect on cardiac graft survival, irradiated free bone transplantation was capable of prolonging graft survival. Most interestingly, the prolongation effect was Ag nonspecific, because third party irradiated bone graft was also effective. Due to the fact that current immunosuppressive approaches are clinically ineffective at preventing AVR, this study provides promise for further investigations of BM components as a means of addressing a currently unmet medical need.
FcεRI and FcγRIII/CD16 Differentially Regulate Atopic Dermatitis in Mice
Authors: Abboud Georges , Staumont-Sallé Delphine , Kanda Akira , Roumier Thomas , Deruytter Nathalie , Lavogiez Céline , Fleury Sébastien , Rémy Patrick , Papin Jean-Paul , Capron Monique , Dombrowicz David 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
The high-affinity IgE receptor FcεRI and, in some models, the low-affinity IgG receptor FcγRIII/CD16 play an essential role in allergic diseases. In human skin, they are present on APCs and effector cells recruited into the inflamed dermis. FcRγ is a subunit shared, among other FcRs, by FcεRI and CD16 and is essential to their assembly and signal transduction. Using an experimental model reproducing some features of human atopic dermatitis and specific FcR-deficient mice, we have herein delineated the respective contribution of FcεRI and FcγRIII/CD16 to the pathology. We demonstrate that symptoms of atopic dermatitis are completely absent in FcRγ-deficient animals but only partially inhibited in either FcεRI- or FcγRIII/CD16-deficient animals. Absence or attenuation of the pathology is correlated to increased skin expression of regulatory IL-10 and Foxp3. While FcεRI controls both Th1 and Th2 skin response, mast cell recruitment into draining lymph nodes and IgE production, CD16 regulates only Th2 skin response, as well as T cell proliferation and IgG1 production. This isotype-specific regulation by the cognate FcR is associated to a differential regulation of IL-4 and IL-21 expression in the draining lymph nodes. FcεRI and CD16 thus contribute to atopic dermatitis but differentially regulate immune responses associated with the disease. Targeting both IgE/FcεRI and IgG/CD16 interactions might represent an efficient therapeutic strategy for allergic diseases.
Hepatocytes and IL-15: A Favorable Microenvironment for T Cell Survival and CD8+ T Cell Differentiation
Authors: Correia Margareta P. , Cardoso Elsa M. , Pereira Carlos F. , Neves Rui , Uhrberg Markus , Arosa Fernando A. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Human intrahepatic lymphocytes are enriched in CD1d-unrestricted T cells coexpressing NKR. Although the origin of this population remains controversial, it is possible to speculate that the hepatic microenvironment, namely epithelial cells or the cytokine milieu, may play a role in its shaping. IL-15 is constitutively expressed in the liver and has a key role in activation and survival of innate and tissue-associated immune cells. In this in vitro study, we examined whether hepatocyte cell lines and/or IL-15 could play a role in the generation of NK-like T cells. The results show that both HepG2 cells and a human immortalized hepatocyte cell line increase survival and drive basal proliferation of T cells. In addition, IL-15 was capable of inducing Ag-independent up-regulation of NKR, including NKG2A, Ig-like receptors, and de novo expression of CD56 and NKp46 in CD8+CD56− T cells. In conclusion, our study suggests that hepatocytes and IL-15 create a favorable microenvironment for T cells to growth and survive. It can be proposed that the increased percentage of intrahepatic nonclassical NKT cells could be in part due to a local CD8+ T cell differentiation.