bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of Crevice Corrosion Susceptibility of Alloy 22 Using Different Electrochemical Techniques
Authors: Rincon Ortiz Mauricio , Rodríguez Martín A. , Carranza Ricardo M. , Rebak Raul B. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAlloy 22 belongs to the Ni-Cr-Mo family and it is highly resistant to general and localized corrosion. It may suffer crevice corrosion in aggressive environmental conditions. This alloy has been considered as a corrosion-resistant barrier for high-level nuclear waste containers. It is assumed that localized corrosion may occurs when the corrosion potential (ECORR) is equal or higher than the crevice corrosion repassivation potential (ER,CREV). The latter is measured by means of different electrochemical techniques using artificially creviced specimens. These techniques include cyclic potentiodynamic polarization (CPP) curves, Tsujikawa-Hisamatsu electrochemical (THE) method or other non-standard methods, such as the PD-GS-PD technique.The aim of the present work was to determine reliable critical or protection potentials for crevice corrosion of Alloy 22 in pure chloride solutions at 90°C. Conservative methodologies (which include extended potentiostatic steps) were applied for determining protection potentials below which crevice corrosion cannot initiate and propagate. Results from PD-GS-PD technique were compared with those from these methodologies in order to assess their reliability. Results from the CPP and the THE methods were also considered for comparison. The repassivation potential resulting from the PD-GS-PD technique was conservative and reproducible, and it did not depend on the amount of previous crevice corrosion propagation.
Portable Power Thermoelectric Generator – Design and Characterization
Authors: Koripella Ramesh , Bell Lon E , Crane Doug 
Published: August 2010

AbstractHigh energy density and power density are two important considerations in the design of a portable power source. High efficiency of energy conversion is one of the important factors in achieving high energy density. We report on the design, fabrication and characterization of a high efficiency and power density thermoelectric generator. Segmented thermoelectric elements with a high temperature-weighted average zT are used in the fabrication of the generator to achieve high energy conversion efficiency. A comprehensive model of the generator has been developed that includes temperature dependent thermoelectric properties for the segmented thermoelectric element design, and system level thermal and electrical losses. These models are used to guide the design of a high efficiency thermoelectric generator. A 14W size portable thermoelectric generator was built and its performance for converting thermal energy into electrical energy was characterized and compared to the model predictions. The magnitude of individual loss mechanisms and their effect on overall system efficiency are presented. The evolution of the device design and critical design parameters that have been incorporated or modified to minimize performance losses and improved device robustness are discussed. Important future design optimizations that can further reduce losses for improved performance were identified.
Temperature and Size Effects on the Extremely Low Thermal Conductivity of Self-assembled Germanium Quantum-dot Supercrystals in Silicon
Authors: Gillet Jean-Numa 
Published: August 2010

AbstractDesign of semiconducting nanomaterials with an indirect electronic bandgap is currently one of the major areas of research to obtain a high thermoelectric yield by lowering their lattice thermal conductivity. Intensive investigations on superlattices were performed to achieve this goal. However, like one-dimensional nanowires, they decrease heat transport in only one propagation direction of the phonons. Moreover, they often lead to dislocations since they are composed of layered materials with a lattice mismatch. Design of superlattices with a thermoelectric figure of merit ZT higher than unity is therefore hazardous. Self-assembly of epitaxial layers on silicon has been used for bottom-up synthesis of three-dimensional (3D) Ge quantum-dot (QD) arrays in Si for quantum-device and solar-energy applications. Using the atomic-scale 3D phononic crystal model, it is predicted that high-density 3D arrays of self-assembled Ge QDs in Si can as well show an extreme reduction of the thermal transport. 3D supercrystals of Ge QDs in Si present a thermal conductivity that can be as tiny as that of air. These extremely low values of the thermal conductivity are computed for a number of Ge filling ratios and size parameters of the 3D Si-Ge supercrystal. Owing to incoherent phonon scattering with predominant near-field effects, the same conclusion holds for supercrystals with moderate QD disordering. As a result, design of highly-efficient CMOS-compatible thermoelectric devices with ZT possibly much higher than unity might be possible. In this theoretical study, simultaneous evolution of both temperature and average distance between the Ge QDs is analyzed for a non-variable Ge filling ratio to obtain thermal-conductivity values as low as that of air (+/- 0.025 W/m/K).
Thermoelectric Properties of Composite PbTe – PbSnS2 Materials
Authors: Girard Steven N , He Jiaqing , Dravid Vinayak P , Kanatzidis Mercouri 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe thermoelectric (Pb1-mSnmTe)1-x(PbS)x where m = 0.05 and x = 0.08 has been shown to produce PbS nanostructures that effectively scatter phonons, enhancing ZT. As Sn substitution is increased, a new phase of PbSnS2 precipitates. We find that incorporation of PbSnS2 in PbTe results in a significant reduction in lattice thermal conductivity around 0.6 W/mK at room temperature. We present preliminary characterization and thermoelectric properties.
The Effect of Rh and Sr Substitution on the Thermoelectric Performance of LaCoO3
Authors: Kwong Kyei-Sing , Smith Andrew E , Subramanian Mas 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA series of LaCo1-xRhxO3 (x=0-1) samples and La1-ySryCo1-xRhxO3 (y = 0.05, 0.15 and x = 0.1-0.3) samples were prepared to study the effect of Rh substituion for Co in the four component system and Sr substitution for La in the five component system on the crystal structure and thermoelectric performance of the LaCoO3. At Rh substitution for Co of x=0.2 greater, the crystal structure shifts from rhombohederal (LaCoO3) to orthorhombic (LaRhO3). Thermoelectric evaluation revealed that Rh doped samples (0.3 <x <1) show large positive seebeck coefficients indicating a P-type conduction in the temperature range of the tests (273 to 775K). Rh substitution for Co decreases thermal conductivity, increases Seebeck coefficient and consequently increases the theroelectric figure of merit ZT. Sr substitution for La increases thermal and electrical conductivity and consquenently negligiblely decreases the seebeck coefficient. A thermoelectric figure-of-merit (ZT) around 0.075 has been achieved for LaCo0.5Rh0.5O3 at 775 K, and is expected to be above 0.1 at 1000 K. Sr substitution improved the TE properties throughout the lower temperature range with a ZT =0.045 observed for La0.95Sr0.05Co0.9Rh0.1O3 at 425 K and ZT = 0.05 for La0.85Sr0.15Co0.5Rh0.5O3 at 775 K. These findings provide new insight into thermoelectric perovskite oxides containing rhodium and strontium.
Direct Measurement of the Absolute Seebeck Coefficient for Pb and Cu at 300 K to 450 K
Authors: Garrity Patrick L. , Stokes Kevin L. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe utilization of thermal fluctuations or Johnson/Nyquist noise as a spectroscopic technique to experimentally measure transport properties is applied to Pb and Cu metal films. Through cross-correlation and autocorrelation functions obtained from power spectral density measurements, multiple transport coefficients are obtained through the Green-Kubo formalism. Supported rigorously by the underlying fluctuation-dissipation theory, this new experimental technique provides a direct measurement of absolute thermoelectric coefficients in addition to the electrical resistivity, electronic contribution to thermal conductivity, Lorentz number and various diffusion coefficients. This work reports the validation results of the experiment accomplished through the use of materials with thermoelectric properties widely accepted by the thermoelectric community, Pb and Cu. Further validation of the data was accomplished by comparing resistivity results to standard collinear four-probe resistivity measurements. Thermal fluctuation data for Pb at 300 K resulted in 5.9% and 2.02% agreement with the published Seebeck and four-probe resistivity data respectively. The Cu thermal fluctuation measurements at 300 K showed agreement within 3.76% and 6.14% for the published Seebeck and four-probe data respectively thus lending further credibility to the experimental method and underlying theory.
Surface Characterization of Poly(acrylic acid) Grafted to Photo-oxidized Perfluorosulfonic Acid Membrane Used in Fuel Cells
Authors: Bailey Alla , Lu Fei , Khot Ameya , Hussain Shahida , Rugg Kyle W. , Leong G. J. , Debies Thomas , Takacs Gerald Alan 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPerfluorosulfonic acid membrane (Nafion®-117) was first surface modified with atmospheric pressure UV photo-oxidation or low-pressure vacuum UV photo-oxidation downstream from an Ar microwave plasma, and then graft polymerized with acrylic acid. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to analyze the modified Nafion surface and poly(acrylic acid) grafted to the modified surface.
Evaporative Deposition of Bacteria and Microspheres on Mica from a Sessile Drop: The Use of Surface Conditioning in a Laboratory Atmosphere to Control Drop Spreading and Particle Deposition Patterns
Authors: Curry Joan E , Maier Raina M. , Norris Theresa A. , Baughman Kyle Fisher 
Published: August 2010

AbstractEvaporative deposition from a sessile drop is an appealing way to deposit materials on a surface due to the simplicity of the technique. In this work we deposit aqueous solutions of two types of colloidal particles, namely bacteria and microspheres, on mica. We show that by controlling the extent of initial drop spreading through subtle changes in surface conditioning caused by exposure to the laboratory atmosphere in a laminar flow hood it is possible to systematically vary the particle deposition patterns. On freshly cleaved mica the contact angle of water is < 5°. Drops of bacterial and microsphere solutions deposited on freshly cleaved mica spread to cover a large surface area. Drying occurs through pinning and depinning events leaving a series of colloidal particle rings. We found in our laboratory that the contact angle of water on mica exposed to a constant flow of filtered laboratory air in a laminar flow hood gradually increases with time. For drops of both bacterial and microsphere solutions there is a corresponding decrease in the extent of drop spreading with increasing exposure of the mica surface to laboratory air. This results in a profound change in the colloidal particle deposition pattern. Short exposures of minutes to hours are enough to decrease spreading and affect the resulting deposition pattern. For our longest mica surface exposure times (months to 1 year) the contact angle of water reaches values near 20°. Spreading of the bacterial and microsphere drops is substantially decreased. A portion of the colloidal particles are deposited in an outer deposition ring which marks the extent of drop spreading and the remainder of the particles are deposited in the drop interior as a honeycomb or cellular film. The fraction of the drop residue covered with the cellular film increases with particle concentration as well as the length of time the mica is exposed to the laboratory atmosphere. This work shows that evaporative deposition on mica is very sensitive to surface conditioning through atmospheric exposure and also suggests that particle deposition patterns can be tuned by small changes in drop spreading.
Quantitative approaches for characterising fibrillar protein nanostructures
Authors: Knowles Tuomas P. J. , White Duncan A. , Dobson Christopher M. , Welland Mark E. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPolypeptide sequences have an inherent tendency to self-assemble into filamentous nanostructures commonly known as amyloid fibrils. Such self-assembly is used in nature to generate a variety of functional materials ranging from protective coatings in bacteria to catalytic scaffolds in mammals. The aberrant self-assembly of misfolded peptides and proteins is also, however, implicated in a range of disease states including neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. It is increasingly evident that the intrinsic material properties of these structures are crucial for understanding the thermodynamics and kinetics of the pathological deposition of proteins, particularly as the mechanical fragmentation of aggregates enhances the rate of protein deposition by exposing new fibril ends which can promote further growth. We discuss here recent advances in physical techniques that are able to characterise the hierarchical self-assembly of misfolded protein molecules and define their properties.
Computational multiscale studies of collagen tissues in the context of brittle bone diseaseosteogenesis imperfecta
Authors: Vesentini Simone , Gautieri Alfonso , Redaelli Alberto , Buehler Markus J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractOsteogenesis imperfecta(abbreviated as OI) is a genetic disorder in collagen characterized by mechanically weakened tendon, fragile bones, skeletal deformities and in severe cases prenatal death. Even though many studies have attempted to associate specific mutation types with phenotypic severity, the molecular and mesoscale mechanisms by which a single point mutation influences the mechanical behavior of tissues at multiple length-scales remain unknown. Here we review results of a hierarchy of full atomistic and mesoscale simulations that demonstrated that OI mutations severely compromise the mechanical properties of collagenous tissues at multiple scales, from single molecules to collagen fibrils. Notably, mutations that lead to the most severe OI phenotype correlate with the strongest effects, leading to weakened intermolecular adhesion, increased intermolecular spacing, reduced stiffness, as well as a reduced failure strength of collagen fibrils (Gautieriet al., Biophys. J., 2009). Our study explains how single point mutations can control the breakdown of tissue at much larger length-scales, a question of great relevance for a broad class of genetic diseases. Furthermore, by extending the MARTINI coarse-grained force field, we provide a new modeling tool to study collagen molecules and fibrils at much larger scales than accessible to existing full atomistic models, while incorporating key chemical and mechanical features and thereby presents a powerful approach to computational materiomics (Gautieri et al., Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation, 2010). We describe the coarse-graining approach and present preliminary findings based on this model in applying it to large-scale models of molecular assemblies into fibrils.
The Frozen Ocean
Authors: Craciun Adriana 
Published: August 2010

We'll get crushed by the ocean but it will not get us wet.—Isaac Brock, “Invisible” (2007)“There is no Sea With Which Our Age is So Imperfectly Acquainted as the Frozen Ocean,” Wrote the Eighteenth-Century Russian hydrographer Gavriil Sarychev, “and no empire which has more powerful motives and resources for extending its information, in this quarter, than Russia” (iii). Russia's Great Northern Expedition of the 1730s and later expeditions, like Sarychev's in 1785, mapped the shores of the Arctic Ocean across continental Asia, an impressive feat by any century's standards. Meanwhile, the American shores of the Arctic Ocean remained entirely unknown to the European empires (England, France, Spain) most interested in passing to and from the Pacific and Atlantic oceans via the Northwest and Northeast passages. Alexander MacKenzie, Samuel Hearne, and John Franklin, each traveling with native people, walked thousands of miles to reach the Frozen Ocean, leaving in their wake the occasional human disaster and an unimpeachable record of publishing successes, like MacKenzie's Voyages from Montreal to the Frozen Ocean (1801) and Franklin's Narrative of a Journey to the Shores of the Polar Sea (1824).
10.2: Invited Paper: Flexible E‐Books
Authors: French Ian 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe first generation ofe‐Books used glass‐based TFTs for active‐matrix multiplexing. These had good optical performance and benefitted from using the same manufacturing infrastructure as TFT‐LCDs. We have now developed flexible e‐books that are lighter and more robust and which are manufactured using most of the same equipment and processes.
69.4: Superior Cuttability Performance of Jade™ Glass for Thin and Strong Mobile Displays
Authors: Ono Toshihiko , Pai Gina , Teng Oga , Gildea Mike , Zenteno Laura , Helfinstine John , Gulati Suresh 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn addition to thermal stability of Corning's Jade™ glass, its cuttability is better suited for mobile displays with thin panels. The key focus of this paper is to provide cuttability data for thin Jade glass substrates. These data confirm that Jade offers easier panel separation than that for a‐Si glasses without compromising panel strength.
P‐9: Numerical Analysis on Temperature Dependence of Characteristics of Amorphous In‐Ga‐Zn‐Oxide TFT
Authors: Godo Hiromichi , Kawae Daisuke , Yoshitomi Shuhei , Sasaki Toshinari , Ito Shunichi , Ohara Hiroki , Miyanaga Akiharu , Yamazaki Shunpei 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe fabricated inverted‐staggered amorphous In‐Ga‐Zn‐O (a‐IGZO) TFTs and measured temperature dependence of the TFT characteristics. A Vth shift between 120°C and 180°C was as large as about 4 V. In the analysis with 2‐D numerical simulation, we could reproduce the measured result by assuming two kinds of donor‐like states as carrier generation sources.
P‐21: High Stability and Device Design for Self‐Heating Reduction of a‐Si:H TFT
Authors: Wei Chuan‐Sheng , Chiu Chao‐Chien , Shen Guang‐Ren , Chiou Shiao‐Hao , Chen Pei Ming , Shih Ching‐Chieh , Liu Sheng Chao , Lee Yeong‐Shyang , Chen Jim‐Shone , Huang Wei‐Ming 
Published: August 2010

AbstractHigh performance a‐Si:H TFT with properly SiNx deposition and low deposition rate of a‐Si:H for high stability has been improved. Otherwise, large device dimension accompany milliamperes current caused joule heating degradation device reliability. Fine design for promoting reliability for self‐heating reduction was also investigated. Square‐like a‐Si:H active layer induces higher turn‐on current than rectangular‐like one degraded the device reliability. Applied the good performance TFTs to driver application is good enough for high temperature of 85 °Coperation.
11.4: A Quality‐Scalable Depth‐Aware Video Processing System
Authors: Cheng Chao‐Chung , Li Chung‐Te , Tsai Yi‐Min , Chen Liang‐Gee 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe three‐dimensional (3D) displays provide a dramatic improvement of visual quality over the 2D displays. To produce high quality three‐dimensional contents, depth map generation is the major issue in content creation. In this paper, we propose a quality‐scalable depth‐aware video processing system which retrieves depth maps using hybrid depth cues from single view video content. The system uses a hardware‐oriented algorithm and generates spectacular and comfortable results. with the help of the depth map, 2D videos can be converted to 3D format and can be displayed in 3D/Stereoscopic displays by depth image‐based rendering technique. Moreover, for conventional 2D displays, we also propose a 2D video depth perception enhancement application. with the depth‐dependent parameter adjustment, the stereo effect of the 2D content is also enhanced.
P‐153: Exciton Distribution and Microcavity Effects in Designing Top Emitting OLED Devices
Authors: Khayrullin Ilyas I. , Ali Tariq A. , Vazan Fridrich , Ghosh Amalkumar P. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractMicro‐cavity and exciton distribution are investigated in top‐emitting organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) devices having a highly reflective anode patterned over silicon wafers. A narrow (delta‐doped) sensing layer method was used to obtain the exciton distribution profile for various dopant combinations using a single or a double emissive layer. Results are compared to OLED with lower reflectivity anode. The exciton diffusion length plays a critical role in tuning the color coordinates of the emitted light when multiple emission layers are used in combination with microcavity to achieve a white top emitter OLED.
4.2: Flexible Electronic Skin Display
Authors: Montbach Erica , Pishnyak Oleg , Lightfoot Mark , Miller Nick , Khan Asad , Doane J. William 
Published: August 2010

AbstractReflex™ electronic skin displays can be conformed to cover the case of electronic consumer devices allowing the consumer to instantaneously switch the case color electronically. These displays have inherent reflective color and an ultra thin and flexible form factor. The optical performance, environmental ruggedness, and conformability of these displays are presented.
P‐167: Effect of Energy Level of Hole‐Blocking Layer on the Electroluminescence Characteristics of Highly Soluble Ir(III) Complex Based Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Park Young Wook , Kim Young Min , Choi Jin Hwan , Park Tae Hyun , Jung Jin Wook , Ju Byeong Kwon , Cho Min Ju , Choi Dong Hoon 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn this report, we've demonstrated the highly efficient electroluminescence (EL) of highly soluble Iridium(III) tris(9‐(6‐ Phenyl‐pyridin‐3‐ylmethyl)‐9H‐Carbazole) based polymer light‐ emitting diodes utilizing balanced carrier distribution and exciton confinement by controlling energy level of hole blocking layer. By applying wide band gap hole‐blocking material of 3‐(4‐ biphenylyl)‐4‐phenyl‐5‐tert‐butylphenyl‐1,2,4‐triazole, the EL efficiency was remarkably improved than with the 2,9‐dimethyl‐ 4,7‐diphenyl‐1, 10‐phenanthroline.
P‐197L: Late‐News Poster: 0° to 100° in 33 ms: Electronically‐Adjustable Throw Angle in a Scanning Fiber Pico Projector
Authors: Schowengerdt Brian T. , Lee Cameron M. , Johnston Richard S. , Melville C. David , Seibel Eric J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractMobile pico projectors need to project on surfaces at a variety of distances, for which different throw angles produce optimal image size and brightness. By electronically adjusting the peak drive voltage to our 1‐mm x 9‐mm scanning fiber engine, we demonstrate rapid (resolution‐maintaining) rescaling of throw angles up to 100°.
27.3: A Decoupling Driving Scheme for Low Voltage Stress in Driving a Large‐Area High‐Resolution Electrowetting Display
Authors: Liang Chao‐Chiun , Chen Yi‐Cheng , Chiu Yung‐Hsiang , Chen Heng‐Yin , Cheng Wei‐Yuan , Lee Wei‐Yen 
Published: August 2010

AbstractTo reduce voltage stress on TFT backplane of electrowetting displays, this paper develops a decoupling driving scheme to diminish the induced voltage stress and allow AC common to reduce the required output voltage from driver IC. Satisfactory results can be obtained on a largest area and highest resolution electrowetting display.
32.1: Invited Paper: LCD Embedded Hybrid Touch Screen Panel Based on a‐Si:H TFT
Authors: You Bong Hyun , Lee Byoung Jun , Lee Jae Hoon , Koh Jai Hyun , Kim Dong‐Kyu , Takahashi Seiki , Kim Nam Deog , Berkeley Brian H. , Kim Sang Soo 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA new hybrid‐type touch screen panel (TSP) has been developed based on a‐Si:H TFT which can detect the change of both CLC and photo‐current. This TSP can detect the difference of CLC between touch and no‐touch states in unfavorable conditions such as dark ambient light and shadows. The hybrid TSP sensor consists of a detection area which includes one TFT for photo sensing and two TFTs for amplification. Compared to a single internal capacitive TSP or an optical sensing TSP, this new proposed hybrid‐type TSP enables larger sensing margin due to embedding of both optical and capacitive sensors.