bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pricing Policy for Library Services
Authors: Casper Cheryl A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMany library services, which generally have been provided free to users, are likely to acquire price tags in the near future. This article addresses two aspects of this issue of vital concern to both library managers and users. First, the pros and cons of user fees for library services are discussed. Economic theory provides sound arguments in support of both sides of the debate in favor of and against user fees. Second, some models for setting user fees embodying two possible choices of objectives for library pricing policy‐profit maximization and maximization of user net benefits‐are discussed and the informational requirements of these models are outlined.
Air Pollution Technical Information Network: A Revised Approach
Authors: Halpin Peter , Knight John E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTechnical information services which match the needs of the air pollution control community are now being provided. EPA studied alternatives for one month before settling on this new approach which relies on a multiplicity of existing technical information services. A file of more than 82, 000 abstracts was transferred from EPA's computer and information retrieval system in Research Triangle Park, NC, to those of Lockheed in Palo Alto, CA. That file is being built at the new rate of 2500–4000 abstracts per year. EPA may resume publication of an abstract bulletin from that file and other files which contain the needed information. A quarterly catalog of all EPA reports, including those on air pollution, is for sale at NTIS. EPA is sponsoring literature searches from multiple files for an exclusive clientele. EPA's offices may make the abstracted documents accessible at their locations nationwide. Both personnel reductions and cost savings were achieved. The new computer and information retrieval system is satisfactory.
A Notation for Describing the Components of Library Information Systems
Authors: Momenee Karen 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA variety of query forms used in library information systems are expressed in a generalized notation. The formal notation is based on a set‐theoretic application of the theory of relations. Three relations, the FIELD, the inverse FIELD, and the RECORD, and several compositions of these relations are defined on different sets to express the file access operations in known‐item and subject searches, browsing, and the clustering operation. Truncation and word proximity searching are also discussed, with some examples of structural choices available for implementing these operations. Advantages in development of a general notation include (1) the provision of a meta‐language for comparison of the capabilities of different information systems, and (2) the division of basic library query forms into smaller components which are related directly to the computer systems analyst's design choices of file structure and access methods.
Computers and the Postindustrial Society: Symbiosis or Information Tyranny?
Authors: Artandi Susan 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe are moving toward a postindustrial society in which knowledge and information are strategic resources. Central to this society are information, communication, and computer technology implying social changes, which in turn imply major policy questions. There is a need to consider the present and future effect of large‐scale computerization on the individual's rights, style of life, method of work, and the ways in which society and institutions operate.
Associative Search Techniques versus Probabilistic Retrieval Models
Authors: Maron M. E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis article offers a personal look back at the origins and early use of associative search techniques, and also a look forward at more theoretical approaches to the document retrieval problems. The purpose is to contrast the following two different ways of improving system performance: (1) appending associative search techniques to more or less standard (conventional) document retrieval systems, and (2) designing document retrieval systems based on more fundamental and appropriate principles namely probabilistic design principles. Very recent work on probabilistic approaches to the document retrieval problem has provided a new (and rare) unification of two previously competing models. In light of this, I argue that if we had to choose the best way to improve performance of a document retrieval system, it would be wiser to implement, test, and evaluate this new unified model, rather than to continue to use associative techniques which are coupled to conventionally designed retrieval systems.
Science Citation Index's Coverage of the Preclinical Science Literature
Authors: Poyer Robert K. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA study of journal article coverage of the preclinical sciences by Science Citation Index (SCI) was done. Journal article references from 70 dissertations written in anatomy, biochemistry, immunology, microbiology, pathology, pharmacology, and physiology were checked against the author section of the Source Index to deter. mine coverage. Of the 5795 references cited from 1964 to 1977, SCI indexed 5495 of them (94.8%). Of the 300 references not indexed, 282 were to journal titles not indexed by SCI at the time they were published. There were only 18 references which were missed although the journal titles were covered. Science Citation Index should be considered a prime source of journal references when searching the preclinical science literature.
A Computer Intermediary for Interactive Database Searching. I. Design
Authors: Meadow Charles T. , Hewett Thomas T. , Aversa Elizabeth S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis is the first of two articles that report on the development, testing, and evaluation of the Individualized Instruction for Data Access System (IIDA). IIDA is an ex. ample of a class of computer systems which serve as intermediaries, enabling their users to perform a complex task on another computer, and which are coming to be known asexpert systems.The system was designed to encourage end users of information retrieval systems to perform their own searches by (1) instructing them in how to search, using computer‐assisted instruction, and (2) assisting with the performance of the search by providing diagnostic analyses of the users' performance as well as answering their questions about how to use system commands. The system's design is described, as well as the various tests of its performance and the evaluation of test results. The conclusion is drawn that end users can become successful searchers through such an assistant, for the kinds of searches tested.
Elliptische Polarisation des kontinuierlichen Lichtes des Crab‐Nebels
Authors: Oetken L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractEs werden Beobachtungen über Polarisationsgrad, Polarisationsrichtung und Elliptizität der kontinuierlichen Crab‐Nebelstrahlung bei λ 570 nm mitgeteilt. Das aus photographischen Aufnahmen gewonnene Resultat ergibt bezüglich der linearen Polarisation eine gute Übereinstimmung mit früheren Ergebnissen von Woltjer [6]. Eine elliptische Polarisation scheint an einigen ausgezeichneten Stellen des Nebels vorzuliegen; dieses Ergebnis wird durch einige lichtelektrische Messungen bestätigt. Zur Sicherung des Resultats sind weitere Messungen notwendig.
Investigations on Type III/V Bursts of Solar Radio Emission. Part II: Relation to the Flare Event
Authors: Daene H. , KrÜGER A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe primary origin of type III bursts has been supposed to be within or a little above those levels of the solar atmosphere, where the bursts of the lower decimeter range originate. The occurrence of type V bursts is not characteristic for the frequency of disappearance of type III bursts as a consideration of the “ending” frequencies of type III bursts shows.Decameter type III and type III/V bursts observed during more than five years are investigated statistically concerning their association with microwave bursts and chromospheric flares. The effects of starting times, morphology, and spectrum of associated microwave bursts are discussed as well as the importances and positions of the correlated flares. Distributions of starting frequencies of some classes of type III bursts have been taken into account.
Ein Photoelektronen zählendes Sternphotometer
Authors: Dachs J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDer Aufbau und die Eigenschaften eines Photoelektronen zählenden UBV‐Sternphotometers mit zwei Kanälen für Zählgeschwindigkeiten bis zu 3 105 Photoelektronen pro Sekunde werden beschrieben. Sekundärelektronenvervielfacher verschiedener Bauart werden auf ihre Eignung zur Verwendung in zählenden Photometern untersucht. Die Vor‐und Nachteile zählender Photometer werden auf Grund der Erfahrungen diskutiert, die beim Betrieb des Zweikanalphotometers an einem 40‐cm‐Spiegelteleskop 1961‐62 auf Rockdale Mountain (Südafrika) gewonnen wurden.
Tabellen zur Berechnung des Gaswiderstandes auf bewegte interstellare Staubteilchen
Authors: Dorschner J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNach Formeln von BAINES, WILLIAMS und ASEBIOMO wird die Widerstandskraft auf Staubteilchen, die sich im interstellaren Gas bewegen, berechnet und in Abhängigkeit von Teilchengeschwindigkeit und Gastemperatur tabellarisch mitgeteilt. Es werden Näherungsansätze diskutiert.
Solar type III burst activity and the 11 year cycle
Authors: Daene H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIt is shown from measurements of type III bursts at 234 MHz, III MHz and 23 MHz during the foregoing solar cycle that the type III activity has a relative minimum in 1959 and apparently a second maximum in 1960. This is in accordance with the statement of GNEVYSHEV relating at first to the intensity of the green coronal line. He also pointed out that the second maximum is closely correlated to some terrestrial features. It can be stated from a comparison of the three observing frequencies that the lowest frequency corresponding to the highest coronal level shows the strongest enhancement of type III activity during the second part of the solar cycle. By an indirect method it can be concluded that the percentage of polarized bursts at low levels is well correlated with the WOLF number. The suggestion is discussed that type III activity is not only an attendant effect of solar activity but it is also connected more directly with terrestrial features by contribution to the solar wind.
Photometrie des offenen Sternhaufens NGC 3766 (Veröffentlichungen des Astronomischen Instituts der Universität Frankfurt/M. Nr. 17
Authors: Kraus Brigitte 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDie U, B, V‐Photometrie von Platten, die am Boyden Observatory in Bloemfontein aufgenommen worden sind, ergab für NGC 3766: Entfernung = 1620 pc, Durchmesser = 6.5 pc, Zahl der Sterne bis V = 13.m2 etwa 960, Sterndichte im Zentrum 25★★★/pc3.
Bestimmung der Verweilzeit von Sternen im Stadium der roten Riesen aus den Farben‐Helligkeits‐Diagrammen offener Sternhaufen
Authors: Kühn Ludwig 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDurch Untersuchungen an 145 offenen Sternhaufen war es möglich, bei Verwendung einer ursprünglichen Leuchtkraftfunktion und einer aus Modellrechnungen gewonnenen Zeitskala für Hauptreihensterne, die Verweilzeiten von Sternen verschiedener Masse im Stadium der roten Riesen zu bestimmen. Es wurde geprüft, ob das Verhältnis dieser Zeit zur Verweilzeit auf der Hauptreihe von der Masse der Sterne abhängt.
Photographische Doppelsternmessungen in den Jahren 1965 und 1966
Authors: Böttger G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractEs werden für 28 Doppelsternsysteme die Ergebnisse von 57 Aufnahmeserien mit dem visuellen Objektiv des Potsdamer Doppelrefraktors aus den Jahren 1965 und 1966 mitgeteilt.
Über das Sonneberger Programm zur Bestimmung von Spektraltypen veränderlicher Sterne
Authors: Götz W. , Wenzel W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractEs wird über Planung, Schwierigkeiten, Ausführung und Ergebnisse des Sonneberger Spektraltypen‐Programms berichtet, das mit einem 7‐Flint‐Objektivprisma an der 50/70/172‐cm‐Schmidtkamera durchgeführt wurde. Von 529 Veränderlichen wurden 637 Spektraltypen bestimmt.
Observations of 6 Supernovae
Authors: Rudnicki K. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAufnahmen der Supernovae 1962 k (Z‐118), 1966c (Z‐178), 1966d (Z‐179), 1966f (Z‐181), 1966k (Z‐187) und 1966l (Z‐188) auf Platten des 125‐cm (48‐Zoll) Palomar‐Schmidt‐Teleskops werden bearbeitet.
On the intrinsic relative accuracy of the positions in the vatican zone of the astrographic catalogue
Authors: Gatewood G. D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAnalytical models for the transformation of measured to standard coordinates in the Vatican Zone of the Astrographic Catalogue and the random error of star positions obtained from measurements published in that zone have been investigated. It turns out that a linear formula is the optimum, and that the mean error of a published pair of coordinates is 0″.39 in x and y.
Zur Theorie der interstellaren Wolken neutralen Wasserstoffs. Teil I
Authors: Zimmermann H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDer unelastische Stoß interstellarer HI‐Wolken und die sich daran anschließende Abkühlung wird unter folgenden Annahmen untersucht: 1) Die bekannten Strahlungskühlprozesse sind in jedem Massenelement der am Stoß beteiligten Wolken als Funktionen der lokalen Dichte und der kinetischen Temperatur bestimmbar. 2) Benachbarte Massenelemente stehen in Wechselwirkung miteinander, die durch den Ausgleich des unterschiedlichen Gasdruckes in den einzelnen Massenelementen bedingt ist. Bei der Abkühlung der beim Stoß neu gebildeten HI‐Wolke sind drei wesentlich verschiedene Phasen zu unterscheiden: 1) Kompressionsphase. Während ihr durchläuft je eine Stoßfront die beiden stoßenden Wolken. Nach der dabei erfolgten Aufheizung der Massenelemente setzt ihre Abkühlung ein. Sie verläuft im wesentlichen isobar unter der Wirkung des dynamischen Druckes der stoßenden Wolken. Die Temperaturabnahme ist daher mit einer Dichteerhöhung verbunden. 2) Expansionsphase. Nach dem Durchgang der Stoßfront durch die Wolken setzt eine Expansion ein, da ein verhältnismäßig hoher Druckunterschied zwischen dem HI‐Gas und dem HII‐Zwischenwolkengebiet besteht. Die Dauer der Expansionsphase beträgt rund 1/3 der der Kompressionsphase. Neben einer Temperaturabnahme ergibt sich auch eine Dichteerniedrigung. 3) Dritte Phase. Nach Erreichung des Druckgleichgewichtes zwischen dem HI‐Gas und dem HII‐Gas des Zwischenwolkengebietes wirken nur die Strahlungskühlprozesse, deren Verlauf wiederum isobar ist.Nach der Diskussion des benutzten Wolkenmodells und der sich daraus ergebenden Stoßwahrscheinlichkeiten für die HI‐Wolken werden allgemeine Formeln für die Zustandsgrößen des HI‐Gases nach Durchgang der Stoßfront angegeben und die Formeln zur vollständigen Berechnung der Dichte und der kinetischen Temperatur in jedem einzelnen Massenelement der am Stoß beteiligten Wolken in Abhängigkeit von der Zeit abgeleitet.
Zur Theorie der interstellaren Wolken neutralen Wasserstoffs. Teil II
Authors: Zimmermann H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIm Anschluß an die im Teil I dargestellte Theorie des Stoßes und der nachfolgenden Abkühlung interstellarer HI‐Wolken werden die für die Kühlung maßgebenden Iokalen Prozesse (Wasserstoffmolekül‐Kühlung, Elektronen‐Ionen‐Kühlung, Aufheizung durch Photoionisation, Energieaustausch zwischen Elektronen‐ und Wasserstoffgas, Kühlung durch interstellaren Staub) hinsichtlich ihrer Wirksamkeit vor allem während der Kompressionsphase diskutiert.Die numerischen Rechnungen zur Abkühlung während der Kompressions‐, der Expansions‐ und der dritten Phase der Abkühlung erfolgten mit unterschiedlichen Annahmen hinsichtlich der Teilchendichte nH in der ungestörten Wolke vor dem Stoß (nH = 5, 10, 20 cm−3) und der relativen Häufigkeit des H2‐Moleküls (nH:nH2 = 200:1, 2000:1, ∞:1). Als Auflaufgeschwindigkeit U(o) der ersten Massenelemente auf die Kompressionszone wurde immer U(o) = = 9 km ṁ s−1 angenommen. Es zeigt sich, daß die Kompressions‐ und die Expansionsphase außerordentlich wirksam in bezug auf die Kühlung sind, so daß ein einzelnes Massenelement eine viel kürzere Zeit „heiß”︁ ist, als bisher angenommen wurde.Für eine kugelförmige Wolke mit einem Radius von 1·58 pc (nH = 10 cm−3; nH:nH2 = 2000:1) wurde die mittlere Wolkentemperatur in Abhängigkeit von der Zeit nach einem zentralen Stoß mit einer gleichen Wolke bestimmt, ebenso der Verlauf der mittleren Temperatur in einigen Massenzylindern. Wiederum ergibt sich eine wesentlich raschere Abkühlung als bei der Annahme isochorer Aufheizung und Kühlung. Aus dem zeitlichen Verlauf der mittleren Wolkentemperatur in Abhängigkeit von der interstellaren H2‐Konzentration kann auf eine geringe Häufigkeit des Wasserstoffmoleküls geschlossen werden. Das Verhältnis nH:nH2 ist danach größer oder höchstens gleich 2000:1.
Variable stars in the field of the open cluster NGC 6939
Authors: Maciejewski G. , Georgiev Ts. , Niedzielski A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe results of CCD photometric survey performed with the 90/180 cm Schmidt‐Cassegrain Telescope of the Nicolaus Copernicus University Astronomical Observatory in Piwnice (Poland) and the 70/172 cm Schmidt Telescope of the National Astronomical Observatory (NAO) at Rozhen (Bulgaria) of the field of the 1 Gyr old open cluster NGC 6939 are presented. Twenty two variable stars were detected, four of them previously known. Four eclipsing systems (3 detached and 1 contact binary) were found to be members of the cluster. Analysis of the brightness of the contact binary V20 strongly supports the distance to the cluster of 1.74 ± 0.20 kpc. The small population of contact binaries in NGC 6939 confirms also the relatively young age of the cluster. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Radiofrequency interaction with conductive colloids: Permittivity and electrical conductivity of single‐wall carbon nanotubes in saline
Authors: Gach H. Michael , Nair Tejas 
Published: July 2010

AbstractConductive nanoparticles may enhance tissue heating during radiofrequency (RF) irradiation. Specific absorption rate (SAR) is known to rise with the electrical conductivity of tissue. However, no studies to date have measured the relationship between complex permittivity and nanoparticle concentration in tissue‐like samples. The complex permittivities of colloids containing single‐wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in normal (0.9%) saline were measured from 20 MHz to 1 GHz. Carbon concentrations ranged from 0 to 93 mM (0.06% volume), based on SWCNT weight per volume. Measurements were made with 0.02% Pluronic F108 surfactant added to the colloids to prevent SWCNT flocculation. The data were fit to the Cole–Cole relaxation model with an added constant phase angle element to correct for electrode polarization effects at low RF frequencies. Electrode polarization effects increased with carbon concentration. The real parts of the permittivities of the colloids increased with carbon concentration. The static conductivity rose linearly with carbon concentration, doubling from 0 to 93 mM. The SAR of the colloids is expected to increase with RF frequency, based on the properties of the imaginary part of the permittivity. Bioelectromagnetics 31:582–588, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
X‐ray Absorption Spectroscopy of Bimetallic Pt–Re Catalysts for Hydrogenolysis of Glycerol to Propanediols
Authors: Daniel Oliver M. , DeLaRiva Andrew , Kunkes Edward L. , Datye Abhaya K. , Dumesic James A. , Davis Robert J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBimetallic Pt–Re nanoparticles supported on Norit carbon were effective at converting aqueous glycerol to 1,3 (34 %) and 1,2 (33 %) propanediol at 443 K under 4 MPa of H2. Results from X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and analytical transmission electron microscopy confirmed that the nanoparticles were indeed bimetallic, with a particle size less than 2 nm in diameter. The Pt LIII near edge spectra indicated that the Pt was reduced to the metallic state by treatment in H2 at 473 K, but that a partial positive charge remained on the Re. These oxidized Re species could be associated with charged Re atoms dispersed on the carbon support because spillover of H atoms from Pt was required to reduce Re in the bimetallic particles.
ChemInform Abstract: Effects of Ultrasound on the Electrolytic Conductivity of Simple Halide Salts.
Authors: CATALDO F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Origin of Electrocatalysis in the Reduction of Peroxodisulfate on Gold Electrodes.
Authors: SAMEC Z. , BITTNER A. M. , DOBLHOFER K. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of (C2H5NH3) 2Sb4S7, a Novel Thioantimonate(III) Framework Exhibiting an Unprecedented Architecture.
Authors: BENSCH W. , SCHUR M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 6,6‐Diphenylfulvene at 140 K.
Authors: BOLTE M. , AMON M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Dihydroxylation of Allylic Phosphine Oxides.
Authors: NELSON A. , WARREN S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Chiral Ruthenium Porphyrin as Highly Efficient and Selective Catalyst for Asymmetric Cyclopropanations.
Authors: FRAUENKRON M. , BERKESSEL A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Intermolecular Carbenoid C—H Insertions Catalyzed by Rhodium(II) (S)‐N‐(p‐Dodecylphenyl)sulfonylprolinate.
Authors: DAVIES H. M. L. , HANSEN T. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Aldol Reaction of Tin Enolates with Aldehydes Catalyzed by BINAP×Silver(I) Complex.
Authors: YANAGISAWA A. , MATSUMOTO Y. , NAKASHIMA H. , ASAKAWA K. , YAMAMOTO H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.