bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detrital layers marking flood events in recent sediments of Lago Maggiore (N. Italy) and their comparison with instrumental data
Authors: KÄMPF LUCAS , BRAUER ACHIM , DULSKI PETER , LAMI ANDREA , MARCHETTO ALDO , GERLI STEFANO , AMBROSETTI WALTER , GUILIZZONI PIERO 
Published: May 2012

Summary1. A succession of 20 detrital layers was detected in five short cores from the Pallanza Basin in the western part of Lago Maggiore (Italy) by combining thin‐section analyses and high‐resolution micro‐X‐ray fluorescence (μ‐XRF) scanning techniques. The detrital layers range in thickness from 0.6 to 17.4 mm and appear most distinct in the upper 20–25 cm of each core, where eutrophication since the early 1960s resulted in the deposition of a dark, organic sediment matrix.2. The age‐depth model of previously dated cores was transferred by precise intra‐basin correlation of distinct marker layers, thus providing a reliable chronology for the 20 detrital layers covering the time period 1965–2006.3. All detrital layers are related to regional floods as recorded by short‐term lake level rises and peaks in discharge of the River Toce, the main tributary to the Pallanza Basin.4. Detailed intra‐basin correlation of detrital layers allows us to distinguish river run‐off events from local erosion, as well as evaluate the relation between detrital layer thickness and flood amplitude. Massive clay accumulation on top of the thickest detrital layers might have affected lake ecology by attenuating light and influencing metabolic activity.5. In the clastic‐dominated sediments deposited before 1965, detrital layers are less clearly discernible because of the predominantly clastic pelagic sediment matrix. The combination of thin‐section and μ‐XRF techniques, however, shows the potential to establish even longer flood layer time series from Lago Maggiore sediments.
Effect of oregano and thyme essential oils on the microbiological and chemical quality of refrigerated (4 °C) ready‐to‐eat squid rings
Authors: Sanjuás‐Rey Minia , Pourashouri Parastoo , Barros‐Velázquez Jorge , Aubourg Santiago P. 
Published: May 2012

SummaryThe efficacy of oregano and thyme essential oils (OEO and TEO, respectively) in the quality retention of a refrigerated (4 °C) squid (Loligo vulgaris) ring ready‐to‐eat (RTE) product was studied. Essential oils were added at different concentrations to the coating medium during processing. An inhibitory (P < 0.05) effect of OEO on the microbial activity (aerobes, anaerobes, Enterobacteriaceae, psychrotrophs) of the squid rings was observed, with a more pronounced effect as OEO concentration increased. The addition of OEO also led to an inhibitory (P < 0.05) effect on lipid oxidation, as determined by peroxide, thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substance and interaction compound formation; however, no effect (P > 0.05) of the OEO concentrations on lipid oxidation development was detected. The addition of TEO did not lead to an inhibitory effect (P > 0.05) on the microbial activity of the refrigerated RTE squid, although a slight inhibitory (P < 0.05) effect on lipid oxidation was observed in the batches including the higher TEO concentrations.
Moral distress and structural empowerment among a national sample of Israeli intensive care nurses
Authors: Ganz Freda DeKeyser , Raanan Ofra , Khalaila Rabia , Bennaroch Kochav , Scherman Shiri , Bruttin Madeleine , Sastiel Ziva , Fink Naomi Farkash , Benbenishty Julie 
Published: May 2012

ganz f.d., raanan o., khalaila r., bennaroch k., scherman s., bruttin m., sastiel z., fink n.f. & benbenishty j. (2012) Moral distress and structural empowerment among a national sample of Israeli intensive care nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing69(2), 415–424. doi: 10.1111/j.1365‐2648.2012.06020.xAbstractAim.  The aim of this study was to determine levels of structural empowerment, moral distress, and the association between them among intensive care nurses.Background.  Structural empowerment is the ability to access sources of power. Moral distress is the painful feelings experienced when a person knows the right thing to do but cannot do so due to external constraints. Several studies suggest a theoretical relationship between these concepts.Design.  Cross‐sectional, descriptive correlational study.Methods.  Members of the Evidence Based Nursing Practice Committee of the Israeli Society for Cardiology and Critical Care Nurses recruited a convenience sample of intensive care nurses from their respective institutions and units. Nurses were asked to complete three questionnaires (demographic and work characteristics, Moral Distress Scale, and the Conditions of Work Effectiveness Questionnaire‐II). Data were collected between May–September 2009.Results.  Intensive Care nurses had moderate levels of structural empowerment, low levels of moral distress frequency, and moderately high moral distress intensity. A weak correlation was found between moral distress frequency and structural empowerment. No other structural empowerment component was associated with moral distress. Work characteristics as opposed to demographic characteristics were more associated with the study variables.Conclusions.  This study weakly supports the association between structural empowerment and moral distress. It also provides further evidence to the theory of structural empowerment as characterized in the critical care environment. Further studies are indicated to determine what other factors might be associated with moral distress.
Instrument validation: hospital nurse perceptions of their Behavioral Health Care Competency
Authors: Rutledge Dana N. , Wickman Mary , Drake Diane , Winokur Elizabeth , Loucks Jeannine 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAim.  To report the development and psychometric testing of the Behavioral Health Care Competency survey, designed to measure hospital nurse perceptions of behavioral healthcare competency.Background.  Hospital nurses working in general or other non‐psychiatric units may lack behavioral healthcare competency to manage disruptive behaviours associated with mental illnesses.Design.  Instrument development.Method.  A nurse study team including clinical experts and nurse researchers from three community hospitals in southern California (USA) reviewed content validity of each item and the 31‐item instrument and created a behavioral health care competency conceptual model based on the nursing process. Separate institutional review board permissions were obtained from each hospital. The study team collaborated in the timing of survey administration (November 2010), analysis of the results and survey validation.Results.  A total of 844 nurses completed the survey, representing approximately 23–41% of eligible nurses from each hospital. Using principal component analysis with varimax rotation, 23 items led to a factor structure with four components. Four subscales with adequate alpha coefficients were formed: Resource Adequacy, Patient Assessment, Practice/Intervention Competency, and Psychotropic Recommendation.Conclusion.  The 23‐item hospital nurse Behavioral Health Care Competency survey is an adequate and valid newly developed instrument. Further testing with diverse samples is needed to strengthen generalizability and address unique and specialized nursing care needs.
Fall experiences of persons with fibromyalgia over 6 months
Authors: Rutledge Dana N. , Martinez Alexandra , Traska Theresa Kengen , Rose Debra J. 
Published: May 2012

rutledge d.n., martinez a., traska t.k. & rose d.j. (2012) Fall experiences of persons with fibromyalgia over 6 months. Journal of Advanced Nursing69(2), 435–448. doi: 10.1111/j.1365‐2648.2012.06026.xAbstractAims.  To describe circumstances and consequences of falls occurring among persons with fibromyalgia who had recent falls.Background.  Fibromyalgia is a common widespread pain condition that has been linked to increased fall‐risk. No published research described experiences of falling in persons with fibromyalgia. Prior to development of fall‐risk reduction interventions, it is essential to understand the context of falls and fall experiences in persons with fibromyalgia.Design.  Descriptive longitudinal study.Methods.  The study took place during 2009; data were collected via fall diaries and interviews in 18 US women ages 21–69 years.Results.  Over 6 months, 17 of 18 participants fell or had a near‐fall. For the 15 women with 6‐month fall‐prevalence data, median number of falls was 2, with 3 near‐falls. Most fall experiences contained intrinsic and extrinsic contributory factors. Participants reported engaging in various activities prior to falls/near‐falls. A substantial minority (32–48%) experienced severe symptoms (pain, fatigue, stiffness) at the time. Most falls/near‐falls occurred in homes during the day; one resulted in injury. Themes that were identified included the following: always being careful or generally cautious; fear of losing control of one’s body, especially related to balance; desire to continue activities counterbalanced with frustration at not being able to because of fear of falling; perception of having become clumsy.Conclusions.  Nurses caring for persons with fibromyalgia should assess for potential fall‐risk factors and offer plans for individualized fall‐prevention strategies.
The influence of organizational characteristics on employee solidarity in the long‐term care sector
Authors: Cramm Jane M. , Strating Mathilde M.H. , Nieboer Anna P. 
Published: May 2012

cramm j.m., strating m.m.h. & nieboer a.p. (2013) The influence of organizational characteristics on employee solidarity in the long‐term care sector. Journal of Advanced Nursing69(3), 526–534. doi: 10.1111/j.1365‐2648.2012.06027.xAbstractAim.  This article is a report of a study that identifies organizational characteristics explaining employee solidarity in the long‐term care sector.Background.  Employee solidarity reportedly improves organizations’ effectiveness and efficiency. Although general research on solidarity in organizations is available, the impact of the organizational context on solidarity in long‐term care settings is lacking.Design.  Cross‐sectional survey.Method.  The study was carried out in Dutch long‐term care. A total of 313 nurses, managers and other care professionals in 23 organizations were involved. Organizational characteristics studied were centralization, hierarchical culture, formal and informal exchange of information and leadership style. The study was carried out in 2009.Findings.  All organizational characteristics significantly correlated with employee solidarity in the univariate analyses. In the multivariate analyses hierarchical culture, centralization, exchange of formal and informal information and transformational leadership appears to be important for solidarity among nurses, managers and other professionals in long‐term care organizations, but not transactional and passive leadership styles.Conclusion.  The study increased our knowledge of solidarity among nurses, managers and other professionals in the long‐term care settings. Organizational characteristics that enhance solidarity are high levels of formal and informal information exchange, less hierarchical authority, decentralization and transformational leadership styles.
A model for predicting acute and chronic fatigue in Chinese nurses
Authors: Fang Jinbo , Qiu Changjian , Xu Huiqiong , You Guiying 
Published: May 2012

fang j., qiu c., xu h. & you g. (2013) A model for predicting acute and chronic fatigue in Chinese nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing69(3), 546–558. doi: 10.1111/j.1365‐2648.2012.06029.xAbstractAim.  To explore a model designed to examine direct and indirect effects of variables on acute and chronic fatigue.Background.  Although influencing factors for fatigue have been studied extensively, direct and indirect effects of predictors for acute and chronic fatigue remain poorly understood. Therefore, we proposed an original prediction model for acute and chronic fatigue in Chinese nurses based on previous studies.Design.  Cross‐sectional, descriptive, correlational design.Methods.  We used a multi‐stage sampling process to finally include 581 nurses working in the general hospitals in Chengdu, China. Data were collected between November 2007–March 2008 by using questionnaires. A path analysis was applied to test the fit of the hypothesized model and analysis of variance.Results.  The final model fits the data well. A total of 44·8% of variance in acute fatigue was directly and indirectly explained by job demand, job control, support at work, exposure to hazards in work environments and sleep quality, and only indirectly influenced by intershift recovery and shift work. Moreover, 61·5% of total chronic fatigue was directly and indirectly accounted for by anxiety, depression, job dissatisfaction, intershift recovery, and acute fatigue, and only indirectly influenced by job control, support at work, exposure to hazards in work environments, shift work, and sleep quality.Conclusion.  Acute and chronic fatigue is affected by different factors and nurse managers should generate specific interventions to decrease them.
Dyslexic students in higher education and virtual learning environments: an exploratory study
Authors: Habib L. , Berget G. , Sandnes F. E. , Sanderson N. , Kahn P. , Fagernes S. , Olcay A. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis paper presents the results of an interview‐based study of the use of virtual learning environments (VLEs) among dyslexic students. Interviews were carried out with 12 informants who had been formally diagnosed as dyslexic. The informants were either enrolled in a university or college programme, or had graduated less than a year before the interview. The findings reveal that dyslexic students experience a number of challenges associated with VLE use, including information overload, imperfect word processing tools, inadequate search functions, and having to relate to more than one system at a time.
Genetic and phenotypic population divergence on a microgeographic scale in brown trout
Authors: STELKENS RIKE B. , JAFFUEL GEOFFREY , ESCHER MATTHIAS , WEDEKIND CLAUS 
Published: May 2012

AbstractSalmonid populations of many rivers are rapidly declining. One possible explanation is that habitat fragmentation increases genetic drift and reduces the populations’ potential to adapt to changing environmental conditions. We measured the genetic and eco‐morphological diversity of brown trout (Salmo trutta)in a Swiss stream system, using multivariate statistics and Bayesian clustering. We found large genetic and phenotypic variation within only 40 km of stream length. Eighty‐eight percent of all pairwiseFSTcomparisons and 50% of the population comparisons in body shape were significant. High success rates of population assignment tests confirmed the distinctiveness of populations in both genotype and phenotype. Spatial analysis revealed that divergence increased with waterway distance, the number of weirs, and stretches of poor habitat between sampling locations, but effects of isolation‐by‐distance and habitat fragmentation could not be fully disentangled. Stocking intensity varied between streams but did not appear to erode genetic diversity within populations. A lack of association between phenotypic and genetic divergence points to a role of local adaptation or phenotypically plastic responses to habitat heterogeneity. Indeed, body shape could be largely explained by topographic stream slope, and variation in overall phenotype matched the flow regimes of the respective habitats.
Genetic architecture in a marine hybrid zone: comparing outlier detection and genomic clines analysis in the bivalve Macoma balthica
Authors: LUTTIKHUIZEN P. C. , DRENT J. , PEIJNENBURG K. T. C. A. , Van Der VEER H. W. , JOHANNESSON K. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe role of natural selection in speciation has received increasing attention and support in recent years. Different types of approaches have been developed that can detect genomic regions influenced by selection. Here, we address the question whether two highly different methods—FST outlier analysis and admixture analysis—detect largely the same set of non‐neutral genomic elements or, instead, complementary sets. We study genetic architecture in a natural secondary contact zone where extensive admixture occurs. The marine bivalves Macoma balthica rubra and M. b. balthica descend from two independent trans‐Arctic invasions of the north Atlantic and hybridize extensively where they meet, for example in the Kattegat–Danish Straits–Baltic Sea region. The Kattegat–Danish Straits region forms a steep salinity cline and is the only entrance to the recently (ca. 8000 years ago) established brackish water basin the Baltic Sea. Salinity along the contact zone drops from 30‰ (Skagerrak, M.b.rubra) to 3‰ (Baltic, M.b.balthica). Both outlier analysis and genomic clines analysis suggest that large parts of the genome are influenced by non‐neutral effects. Contrasting samples from well outside the hybrid zone, outlier analysis detects 16 of 84 amplified fragment length polymorphism markers as significant FST outliers. Genomic clines analysis detects 31 of 84 markers as non‐neutral inside the hybrid zone. Remarkably, only three markers are detected by both methods. We conclude that the two methods together identify a suite of markers that are under the influence of non‐neutral effects.
Spatial genetic structure of the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) outbreak in western Canada: historical patterns and contemporary dispersal
Authors: GAYATHRI SAMARASEKERA G. D. N. , BARTELL NICHOLAS V. , LINDGREN B. STAFFAN , COOKE JANICE E. K. , DAVIS COREY S. , JAMES PATRICK M. A. , COLTMAN DAVID W. , MOCK KAREN E. , MURRAY BRENT W. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractEnvironmental change has a wide range of ecological consequences, including species extinction and range expansion. Many studies have shown that insect species respond rapidly to climatic change. A mountain pine beetle epidemic of record size in North America has led to unprecedented mortality of lodgepole pine, and a significant range expansion to the northeast of its historic range. Our goal was to determine the spatial genetic variation found among outbreak population from which genetic structure, and dispersal patterns may be inferred. Beetles from 49 sampling locations throughout the outbreak area in western Canada were analysed at 13 microsatellite loci. We found significant north‐south population structure as evidenced by: (i) Bayesian‐based analyses, (ii) north‐south genetic relationships and diversity gradients; and (iii) a lack of isolation‐by‐distance in the northernmost cluster. The north‐south structure is proposed to have arisen from the processes of postglacial colonization as well as recent climate‐driven changes in population dynamics. Our data support the hypothesis of multiple sources of origin for the outbreak and point to the need for population specific information to improve our understanding and management of outbreaks. The recent range expansion across the Rocky Mountains into the jack/lodgepole hybrid and pure jack pine zones of northern Alberta is consistent with a northern British Columbia origin. We detected no loss of genetic variability in these populations, indicating that the evolutionary potential of mountain pine beetle to adapt has not been reduced by founder events. This study illustrates a rapid range‐wide response to the removal of climatic constraints, and the potential for range expansion of a regional population.
Heterozygosity–fitness correlations in zebra finches: microsatellite markers can be better than their reputation
Authors: FORSTMEIER WOLFGANG , SCHIELZETH HOLGER , MUELLER JAKOB C. , ELLEGREN HANS , KEMPENAERS BART 
Published: May 2012

AbstractNumerous studies have reported associations between heterozygosity in microsatellite markers and fitness‐related traits (heterozygosity–fitness correlations, HFCs). However, it has often been questioned whether HFCs reflect general inbreeding depression, because a small panel of microsatellite markers does not reflect very well an individual’s inbreeding coefficient (F) as calculated from a pedigree. Here, we challenge this prevailing view. Because of chance events during Mendelian segregation, an individual’s realized proportion of the genome that is identical by descent (IBD) may substantially deviate from the pedigree‐based expectation (i.e.F). This Mendelian noise may result in a weak correlation betweenFand multi‐locus heterozygosity, but this does not imply that multi‐locus heterozygosity is a bad estimator of realized IBD. We examined correlations between 11 fitness‐related traits measured in up to 1192 captive zebra finches and three measures of inbreeding: (i) heterozygosity across 11 microsatellite markers, (ii) heterozygosity across 1359 single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and (iii)F, based on a 5th‐generation pedigree. All 11 phenotypic traits showed positive relationships with measures of heterozygosity, especially traits that are most closely related to fitness. Remarkably, the small panel of microsatellite markers produced equally strong HFCs as the large panel of SNP markers. Both marker‐based approaches produced stronger correlations with phenotypes than the pedigree‐basedF, and this did not seem to result from the shortness of our pedigree. We argue that a small panel of microsatellites with high allelic richness may better reflect an individual’s realized IBD than previously appreciated, especially in species like the zebra finch, where much of the genome is inherited in large blocks that rarely experience cross‐over during meiosis.
A cationic lumen in the Wzx flippase mediates anionic O‐antigen subunit translocation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1
Authors: Islam Salim T. , Fieldhouse Robert J. , Anderson Erin M. , Taylor Véronique L. , Keates Robert A. B. , Ford Robert C. , Lam Joseph S. 
Published: May 2012

SummaryHeteropolymeric B‐band O‐antigen (O‐Ag) biosynthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 follows the Wzy‐dependent pathway, beginning with translocation of undecaprenyl pyrophosphate‐linked anionic O‐Ag subunits (O units) from the inner to the outer leaflets of the inner membrane (IM). This translocation is mediated by the integral IM flippase Wzx. Through experimentally based and unbiased topological mapping, our group previously observed that Wzx possesses many charged and aromatic amino acid residues within its 12 transmembrane segments (TMS). Herein, site‐directed mutagenesis targeting 102 residues was carried out on the TMS and loops of Wzx, followed by assessment of each construct's ability to restore B‐band O‐Ag production, identifying eight residues important for flippase function. The importance of various charged and aromatic residues was highlighted, predominantly within the TMS of the protein, revealing functional ‘hotspots’ within the flippase, particularly within TMS2 and TMS8. Construction of a tertiary structure homology model for Wzx indicated that TMS2 and TMS8 line a central cationic lumen. This is the first report to describe a charged flippase lumen for mediating anionic O‐unit translocation across the hydrophobic IM.