bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STUDIES IN NORMAL PREGNANCY — SERUM LIPIDS, LIPOPROTEINS, AND URIC ACID (II)
Authors: Skryten A. , Johnson P. , Gustafson A. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract.Three different series of healthy pregnant women without any history or symptoms of metabolic disorder have been studied for serum lipids (cholesterol), triglycerides and phospholipids) as well as for cholesterol and triglyceride content in lipoprotein fractions in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimesters. Two other series of non‐pregnant healthy women, previously studied for serum lipids, are presented for comparison.In the 1st trimester, serum cholesterol decreased (p<0·01) as compared to non‐pregnant values. In the 2nd and 3rd trimester all serum lipids increased successively with maximum values during 3rd trimester all serum lipids increased successively with maximum values during 3rd trimester. The changes were most pronounced in serum triglycerides.Among lipoproteins, cholesterol content increased in all fractions during the 2nd trimester and was most pronounced in very‐low‐density lipoproteins (VLDL) (in the 2nd trimester by 78 per cent and in the 3rd trimester by an additional 94 per cent). The increase in triglycerides in the 1st and 2nd trimester was most pronounced in infranatant (LDL + HDL), while in the 3rd trimester the triglyceride content was more evenly distributed among infranatant and supernatant (VLDL) at density 1 006 g/ml. It is suggested that the increase in triglycerides is due to increased liver synthesis in the 1st and 2nd trimester concomitant with an enhanced removal, i.e. by increased lipoprotein lipase activity (LPLA). In the 3rd trimester, however, LPLA is possibly inhibated by subclinical cholestatic changes in the liver causing a maximum triglyceride accumulation preferentially located in VLDL.In an earlier study dealing with serum lipid changes in diabetic pregnancy, marked hyperlipidemia in ihe 3rd trimester was a characteristic feature (23). Furthermore, elevated serum triglycerides in the mother appeared to be related to an increased birth weight of her infant.A long parallel study was needed in normal pregnancy to allow a comparison with the serlim lipid variables in diabetes. The aim of the present investigation was to study serum lipids and lipoprotein, distribution in normal pregnancy.
Treatment with oral estrone sulphate in the female climacteric: I. Influence on lipids
Authors: Lagrelius A. , Johnson P. , Lunell N. O. , Samsioe G. 
Published: December 2009

Twenty women in the perimenopause were studied for 12 months during which sodium‐piperazine‐estronesulphate 2.5 mg/day was given for 3 weeks out of 4 as a hormone replacement therapy.Blood samples were drawn at the start of therapy, then after 3, 6 and 12 months and analyzed for serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, cholesterol content of high density lipoprotein (HDL) fraction and the relative fatty acid composition of serum lecithin.Triglyceride levels were increased after 3 months (p <0.01). After that there was a gradual decline to almost pretreatment levels. Total cholesterol decreased during the latter period of treatment and became virtually normal; significantly lower levels (p <0.01) were found at 12 months. The HDL‐cholesterol, which constitutes most of the high density lipoprotein fraction, showed a continuous increase and reached statistical significance at 12 months (p <0.01). This type of lipoprotein pattern is associated with a reduced risk of ischemic cardiovascular disease.After 3 and 6 months of treatment an increase in the relative content of palmitic acid in serum lecithin was seen, an increase that might indicate an altered liver lecithin synthesis, usually seen in cholestasis. However, after 12 months the palmitic acid level declined and was not significantly altered from the pretreatment value, indicating that the change was transitory.
Urological complications of okabayashi's operation for cervical cancer
Authors: Bostofte E. , Serup J. 
Published: December 2009

It has been suggested that the Okabayashi technique for radical hysterectomy in cervical cancer results in fewer urological complications as compared with the Wertheim‐Meigs technique. Of 479 women with cervical cancer operated on consecutively during the period 1963 to 1978 by the Okabayashi operation, 52 (10.8 per cent) had urological complications (17 bladder and ureter injuries, 35 fistulae and strictures). Thirty‐five elective urological operations were required (Table IV). Operative mortality related to urological complications was 1/479.Compared with an earlier series of 397 women operated on in our department, mainly by the Wertheim‐Meigs operation, the Okabayashi operation did not result in significantly fewer urological complications. However, because of technical advantages and possibly better radicality the Okabayashi operation for cervical cancer is still prefered.
PRE‐AND POSTOPERATIVE BEAD CHAIN URETHROCYSTOGRAPHY IN FEMALE STRESS URINARY INCONTINENCE
Authors: Ala‐Ketola Lasse , Kauppila Antti , Jouppila Pentti , Ylikorkala Olavi 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The effects of suprapubic Marshall‐Marchetti‐Krantz (MMK) operation or vaginal Kelly's operation on roentgenographic anatomy of the lower urinary tract were elucidated by means of chain urethrocystography (UCG). A selected series of 30 postoperatively continent and 70 incontinent patients were examined both preoperatively and 3–4 years after operation.Both the urethral inclination (UI) and the posterior urethrovesical (PUV) angle decreased after the operation. The decrease was more marked after successful than unsuccessful operations. The MMK operation reduced the UI and the PUV angle significantly more than did Kelly's operation in both successful and unsuccessful cases. The position of the bladder base or the PUV junction was not altered significantly by either of the operations, whether successful or unsuccessful. The patients with postoperative detrusor instability had roentgen‐anatomical findings similar to those of continent patients.
RADIOIMMUNOASSAY OF HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN β‐SUBUNIT AS AN EARLY DIAGNOSTIC TEST IN ECTOPIC PREGNANCY
Authors: Sandvei R. , Støa K. F. , Ulstein M. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Serum HCG‐β has been assayed in 100 cases of ectopic pregnancy. Results above 10 IU/I were considered positive. Positive values were found in 97 cases, of which 23 were within the range of a normal pregnancy, one was above and 73 below the normal range.In the 3 cases with a negative HCG‐β value, devitalized ectopic pregnancies were found at operation.The routine urine pregnancy test was negative in 53, positive in 29 and not performed in 18 cases.
INDUCTION OF LABOR WITH ORAL PROSTAGLANDIN E2 AND BUCCAL DEMOXYTOCIN WITHOUT AMNIOTOMY
Authors: Lykkesfeldt G. , Osler M. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The results of labor induction without primary amniotomy in 132 primi‐parae are presented. Prostaglandin E2 was given orally to 40 patients, 45 were treated buccally with demoxytocin and 47 were given a combination consisting of demoxytocin on the first day and prostaglandin E2 on the second day. All patients had Bishop < 7.No significant difference in the efficiency of induction between the three types of treatment was detected. The delivery rates 48 hours after the start of treatment were 45.0 per cent, 37.8 per cent and 46.8 per cent respectively. The incidence of complications was not increased in the group which received the combined treatment.
Treatment of Advanced Breast Cancer with Progestins: A review
Authors: Løber J. , Rose C. , Salimtschik M. , Mouridsen H. T. 
Published: December 2009

This paper reviews the theoretical background for the use of progestins in advanced breast cancer and the clinical experience obtained from 13 major studies.The average rate of response is about 30%, with somewhat higher rates when the dominant site of disease is localized to soft tissue and to bones, compared with viscera. Furthermore it seems that cross resistance between progestin therapy and other endocrine therapies is only partial. However, response rates related to previous therapy and to important prognostic variables such as age of the patient, disease‐free interval and hormone receptor content of the tumor tissue are poorly elucidated. Only limited data are available concerning response rate in relation to dose and route of administration and data from prospective randomized trials to analyze these relations are still lacking.Considering the only modest side effects of treatment with progestins and the clinical and theoretical evidence favoring a mode of action different from that of other endocrine therapies, progestins are drugs with interesting qualities. Therefore future controlled studies with progestins alone or in combination with other systemic therapies should be carried out to establish the therapeutic efficacy of progestin therapy in primary and advanced disease.
Pharmacokinetics of Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Administered by Oral and Intramuscular Route
Authors: Lørber J. , Mouridsen H. T. , Salimtschik M. , Johansson E. 
Published: December 2009

The present study was undertaken to elucidate: 1) The relationship between plasma concentration of medroxyprogesterone‐acetate (MPA, ClinovirR, Depo‐Provera, Upjohn) administered both orally and intramuscularly. 2) The relation between dose and plasma concentration of MPA.Nineteen patients entered the study. In each patient the plasma concentration was monitored after the administration of a single oral and one intramuscular dose of MPA at the following dosage levels: 100 mg (5 patients), 400 mg (5 patients), 800 mg (5 patients) and 1 200 mg (4 patients). The interval between the oral and i.m. administration was 1 week.The results show: 1) A very large interindividual variation in plasma concentration. 2) An increase in plasma concentration after both oral and i.m. dose. 3) After the i.m. administration, plasma levels remained steady or increased slightly throughout the test period. 4) After the oral administration the concentration increased rapidly to reach a peak by 2‐7 hours, subsequently decreasing. Peak concentrations were 2‐ 10 times higher than after i.m. administration. 5) Over the test period, the plasma concentration x time (0‐168 h) is similar in the two modes of administration.
INDUCTION OF LABOR WITH AND WITHOUT PRIMARY AMNIOTOMY
Authors: Secher N. J. , Lange A. P. , Nielsen F. Hassing , Pedersen G. Thomsen , Westergaard J. G. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. A comparative study of labor induction has been performed on 471 consecutive patients. Primary amniotomy was performed in 227 cases, and 103 of these patients were stimulated, 57 patients with PGE2 tablets and 46 with oxytocin. In the remaining 124 cases labor was induced within 4 hours without medical stimulation. Primary amniotomy was omitted in 244 cases, as the head was not engaged and the cervix was unripe. After random allocation to the treatment groups 125 patients received PGE2 tablets (ProstinR), and 119 patients received oxytocin intravenously. After 2 days of stimulation without primary amniotomy, delivery was induced in 83 per cent of the patients receiving PGE2 and in 84 per cent of the patients receiving oxytocin. All patients on whom primary amniotomy had been performed were delivered on the first day. There was no difference in the success rate between PGE2 and oxytocin treatments in patients with the same Bishop score. The performance of amniotomy at the beginning of induction led to a significantly lower total dose as well as a lower maximal dose of PGE2 and oxytocin. There was no difference in the duration of active labor in patients receiving PGE2 or oxytocin.There were no differences in the incidence of fetal distress and low Apgar scores between the different groups. No serious side effects occurred. Vomiting and diarrhea in 14 patients (8 per cent) receiving PGE2 was in contrast to 3 patients with these symptoms (2 per cent) in the oxytocin group.Oral administration of PGE2 is a convenient, effective and safe alternative to oxytocin for the induction of labor; however, PGE2 was not found superior to oxytocin in cases with a low Bishop score.
HYPERPROLACTINEMIC AMENORRHEA INDUCED BY METOCLOPAMID (PRIMPERANR)
Authors: Andersen Ole Peter , Hansen Per , Madsen Hans 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Secondary amenorrhea, elicited by metoclopamid (PrimperanR) induced hyperprolactinemia, was found in a 24‐year‐old woman. Withdrawal of the drug was followed by normalization of the hyperprolactinemia, as well as the menses.For many years metoclopamid (PrimperanR) has been used for various dyspeptic inconveniences, such as gastroesophageal reflux, ventricular rentention and postoperative tarm‐atom. Well‐known secondary effects are reported to be drowsiness, uneasiness, restlessness and extra‐pyramidal secondary effects in the form of acute dystom.The present case of secondary amenorrhea caused by metoclopamid (PrimperanR) induced hyperprolactinemia has been verified clinically, serologically and by treatment.
Effects in Postmenopausal Women of Natural and Synthetic Estrogens on Calcitonin and Calcium‐Regulating Hormone Secretion
Authors: Whitehead M. I. , Lane G. , Townsend P. T. , Abeyasekera G. , Hillyard C. J. , Stevenson J. C. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The major function of calcitonin in man appears to be the prevention of excessive or unwanted bone resorption. There is a marked sex difference in circulating levels, with a relative deficiency in women. As calcitonin secretion in young women is known to be increased by estrogens, long periods of estrogen lack—such as the postmenopause—are possibly associated with a more pronounced calcitonin deficiency. This exaggerated deficiency could be an important factor in the pathogenesis of postmenopausal bone loss, especially as the latter is believed to be due to excessive bone resorption.We have studied the effects of three exogenous estrogens on the circulating levels in postmenopausal women of calcitonin, parathyroid hormone, the vitamin D metabolites 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D and 25 hydroxyvitamin D, and calcium and phosphate. The most striking finding was a sharp rise in the plasma levels of calcitonin. Estrogens are known to prevent postmenopausal bone loss but the mechanism of action remains obscure. We suggest that the beneficial effects of estrogens could be mediated, at least in part, through control of calcitonin secretion. Thus calcitonin may prove effective in the prevention of postmenopausal bone loss and its role in the treatment of established osteoporosis warrants further evaluation.
Residual Carcinoma after Intracavitary Irradiation of Endometrial Carcinoma, Stage I
Authors: Gröntoft O. , Risberg B. , Sténson S. , Westholm B. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Surgical specimens from 87 patients with endometrial carcinoma, stage I, preoperatively treated by intracavitary irradiation were investigated by a whole‐organ sectioning technique. Re‐examination of the curettage material showed cancer stage 0 in 8 (9%) and carcinoma stage I in 79 cases (91%). In the stage I cases 57% showed residual carcinoma localized mainly to the myometrium of the uterine body and cornuae. Histological changes in the carcinoma were unevenly distributed, but tumors growing close to the external uterine surface were well preserved. In 40.5%, no carcinoma was present, and in 2.5% the changes found could not be classified.Correlated to disparity in irradiation technique, no significant difference could be demonstrated in the incidence or localization of residual carcinoma.The most important single pretreatment factor combined with the presence of residual carcinoma was myometrial fragments with infiltrating carcinoma in the curettage material (MICC). Computerized analysis of combinations of factors showed that all patients aged over 60 years with a uterine‐sound length exceeding 8 cm had residual carcinoma.Only 2 patients with infiltration of the myometrium had a completely destroyed carcinoma.The findings indicate that it is unlikely that endometrial carcinoma stage I with myometrial invasion will be eradicated by intracavitary irradiation.
Effect of Prostaglandin E2and F2αon the Systemic and Pulmonary Circulation in Pregnant Anesthetized Women
Authors: Secher N. J. , Thayssen P. , Arnsbo P. , Olsen J. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract.The hemodynamic effect of prostaglandin F2α(PGF2α) and of prostaglandin E2(PGE2) was studied in 12 healthy volunteers admitted for suction abortion at 10–12 weeks of gestation. They were anesthetized using natrium thiomebumal, pethidine and pancuronium bromide. PGF2αwas given as an intravenous infusion of 100 μg/min, the dose being increased by 100 μg every 10 min to a maximum of 300 μg/min. PGE2was administered with 5 μg/min, the dose being increased by 5 μg every 10 min to a maximum of 15 μg/min.During infusion of 300 μg PGF2αa significant increase in cardiac output and femoral arterial pressure of 40% and 25% respectively was measured together with an increase in the pulmonary arterial pressure (125%). Pulmonary vascular resistance was doubled, with a concomitant decrease in systemic resistance (11%). These changes were followed by a significant decrease in pH and PaO2, whereas an increase in PaCO2was found.During infusion of PGE2a significant, 36% increase in cardiac output was measured during infusion of 15 μg/min PGE2, together with a decrease in systemic blood pressure (31%) and resistance (33%). Heart rate rose significantly, while stroke volume showed only a small increase, and pulmonary pressure was unchanged. These changes were followed by an increase in PaO2.PGF2αseems to have a positive inotropic effect on the heart, whereas its response to PGE2seems to be a result of the peripheral vasodilatation. The slight decrease in systemic blood pressure without change in pulmonary hemodynamics makes PGE2suitable for induction in patients with cardiopulmonary diseases.
Diagnosis of Endometrial Carcinoma Using the Mi‐MarkR Helix Sampling Technique
Authors: Linden Margareta , Roger Vivi 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The traditional Papanicolaou smear achieves only 20–60% diagnostic accuracy when applied to endometrial carcinoma. Consequently, various specially designed methods for the early detection of endometrial carcinoma have been tried out. The present study was a comparison of conventional curettage with a new technique, the Milan‐Markley helix method (Mi‐MarkR) for the obtaining of material from the uterine cavity for both cytological and histological evaluation. The material included 474 samples from 401 patients.The method is designed as an office procedure and is not intended to replace diagnostic curettage. It should be used as an additional diagnostic procedure in high‐risk groups and in the follow‐up of such patients.With cytological examination of the material the specificity was found to be 97.6% and the sensitivity 85.7%.
Effects of Two Years' Estrogen‐Gestagen Replacement on Climacteric Symptoms and Gonadotropins in the Early Postmenopausal Period
Authors: Hagen C. , Christensen M. S. , Christiansen C. , Stocklund K. E. , Transbøl I. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The effects of estrogen/gestagen (e/g) treatment given in a 28‐day cycle (Trisequens forteR, Novo) on menopausal symptoms and plasma concentrations of follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) were studied in a placebo trial. 119 normal women in the early postmenopausal period with mild to moderate climacteric complaints were included. At 3‐month intervals for 2 years the participants were examined and filled in questionnaires containing the 11 symptoms of the Kupperman index (10). For each symptom a score was given. In the e/g group 77% (43/56) completed the trial compared with 83% (54/63) in the control group.A total of 61% of the women complained of hot flushes and from 9% to 44% complained of the remaining 10 Kupperman symptoms. At all eight examinations e/g treatment was found to have reduced the symptom score as well as the proportion of women with hot flushes, paresthesia, insomnia, nervousness, vertigo and formication. The symptom score of hot flushes and insomnia declined significantly (p<0.01). In the 24 women with hot flushes and in the 19 without, e/g caused similar reduction in the mean score of the other 10 symptoms. No placebo effect was seen.E/g caused a significant (p<0.01) fall in the elevated plasma concentrations of FSH and LH. Vaginal bleeding was regular in 38/43 and irregular in 4/43 women during hormone treatment. No serious side effects were attributed to e/g therapy.It is concluded that e/g treatment, in addition to its beneficial effects on hot flushes and insomnia, also alleviates several other climacteric symptoms.
Infertility and Metroplasty
Authors: Kusuda Masahiko 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Various techniques of metroplasty were performed in 32 cases of double uterus. In these patients the fetal survival rate before the operation was nil, whereas post‐operatively it reached as high as 92.6%.Strassmann's operation was carried out in 16 cases, Jones & Jones's modified method in 12 cases and Tompkins's operation in 4 cases. The merits and demerits and the applicability of each technique and the various types of uterine malformation are discussed. It is concluded that a correct diagnosis of uterine malformation can only be established by a combination of precise HSG with direct macroscopical observation of uterine body. The Strassmann transverse incision is well suited for a bicornuate uterus, and Jones & Jones's wedge‐shaped fundal resection for a partial septate uterus. The postoperative deformation in the fundus uteri is most frequently seen after the application of Strassmann's method, and is much less common with the modified method of Jones & Jones.Metroplasty can be applied in such cases of uterine malformation as when primary sterility is complained of but where any other cause for sterility is ruled out or is deemed to be corrected.Maximum care should be taken to prevent postoperative adhesion. Three months is considered to be a sufficient period for postoperative contraception. The mode of delivery depends on the individual case, though cesarean section is recommended.
Oxytocin, Prostaglandins, and Contractility of the Human Uterus at Term Pregnancy
Authors: Wikland M. , Lindblom B. , Wilhelmsson L. , Wiqvist N. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The contractile properties of myometrial “mini‐strips” from the upper and lower uterine segments were studied by a superfusion technique. These samples of myo‐metrium were taken from women delivered by elective ce‐sarean section in the 39th week of pregnancy.The frequency of spontaneous contractions was significantly higher in isthmic myometrial specimens than in corpus specimens, whereas amplitude and duration of contractions did not differ. Both isthmic and corpus myometrium were stimulated by prostaglandin E2 at low concentrations and inhibited at high concentrations. PGF2α induced an ex‐citory response in the isthmic strips but surprisingly not in preparations from the corpus. However, PGF2α restored normal spontaneous activity following inhibition of the contractility with indomethacin. Oxytocin caused an ex‐citory response over a wide concentration range in both types of specimen and this response was not reduced by pretreatment with indomethacin. These findings suggest that endogenous prostaglandin synthesis is a necessary prerequisite for spontaneous myometrial activity at term pregnancy and that prostaglandins are not essential for the excitatory effect of oxytocin.