bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does “Surgical Hepatitis” Lead to Poor Graft Function?
Authors: Perkins James D. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract

Background:
Experimental models of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury have implicated a pathophysiologic role for neutrophils in subsequent hepatocellular damage. In human liver transplantation, however, the effect of reperfusion-induced neutrophil activation on initial graft function is not clear.

Methods:
In 38 patients undergoing liver transplantation, neutrophil CD11b and L-selectin expression, neutrophil count, and plasma lactoferrin levels were measured. To assess changes within the graft during initial reperfusion, samples of blood entering and leaving the graft were obtained simultaneously, and transhepatic ratio calculated (hepatic vein/portal vein; 1 denotes no change, <1 a decrease, and >1 an increase across the liver). Graft steatosis, postoperative liver function, and outcome were recorded. Associations between neutrophil activation markers and outcome measures were evaluated.

Results:
Substantial hepatic neutrophil activation occurred during initial reperfusion, demonstrated by concomitant L-selectin shedding and CD11b upregulation (transhepatic ratios 0.9 [0.7–1.0]; 1.4 [0.9–1.9]; both P <.001; portal vs hepatic vein]. Simultaneously, hepatic neutrophil sequestration and lactoferrin release occurred (0.3 [0.2–0.5]; 1.7 [1.3–3.4]; both P <.001). Neither cold ischemic time (CIT; median 5 hours 36 minutes) nor hepatic neutrophil activation during reperfusion predicted early graft function, nor was there any association between CIT and neutrophil activation.

Conclusions:
Despite short CIT, extensive graft neutrophil activation and sequestration occurred. This, however, was not associated with impaired early graft function, suggesting short CIT may protect against severe neutrophil-mediated injury.
Micropatterned Fiber Scaffolds for Spatially Controlled Cell Adhesion
Authors: Mandal Suparna , Bhaskar Srijanani , Lahann Joerg 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBecause the local microstructure plays a pivotal role for many biological functions, a wide range of methods have been developed to design precisely engineered substrates for both fundamental biological studies and biotechnological applications. However, these techniques have been by‐and‐large limited to flat surfaces. Herein, we use electrohydrodynamic co‐spinning to prepare biodegradable three‐dimensional fiber scaffolds with precisely engineered, micrometre‐scale patterns, wherein each fiber is comprised of two distinguishable compartments. When bicompartmental fiber scaffolds are modified via spatially controlled peptide immobilization, highly selective cell guidance at spatial resolutions (<10 µm), so far exclusively reserved for flat substrates, is achieved. Microstructured fiber scaffolds may have utility for a range of biotechnological applications including tissue engineering or cell‐based assays.magnified image
Prevalence of risk factors for statin‐induced myopathy in rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Toms Tracey E. , Smith Jacqueline P. , Panoulas Vasileios F. , Douglas Karen M.J. , Saratzis Athanasios N. , Kitas George D. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjectives: Statins are widely prescribed in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although statins offer overwhelming cardiovascular benefits, their use can be associated with the development of a statin‐induced myopathy. Several factors increase the risk of developing statin‐induced myopathy, including the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs4149056, located within the gene encoding solute carrier organic anion transporter (SLCO1B1). We aimed to identify the frequency of risk factors for statin‐induced myopathy and establish whether the rs4149056 genotype is more prevalent in RA.Methods: A total of 396 RA patients and 438 non‐RA controls were studied. DNA samples were obtained from all patients. The SNP rs4149056 was identified using real‐time polymerase chain reaction and melting curve analysis. Genotypic and allelic frequencies were calculated using the chi‐squared test.Results: Almost 80% of RA patients had one or more risk factor (range 1–5) for the development of statin‐induced myopathy. Of the 74 RA patients treated with statins, 90% had one or more (range 1–4) risk factors. No differences in genotype or allelic frequencies were observed between RA patients and controls.Conclusions: RA patients harbour multiple risk factors for statin‐induced myopathy. However, the frequency of the rs4149056 genotypes does not differ according to the presence of RA. Despite this, no cases of statin‐induced myopathy were observed in this cohort over a period of four years of follow‐up. Thus, we conclude that statin use among RA patients is probably safe, but large‐scale prospective studies are needed to confirm this. In the meantime, it may be good practice systematically to consider and record myopathy risk factors in these patients. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Mission‐Based Budgeting for Education: Ready for Prime Time?
Authors: Sainté Michelle , Kanter Steven L. , Muller David 
Published: July 2009

AbstractMission‐based budgeting has been touted as the preferred method of assessing and assigning departmental budgets in academic medical centers. Mission‐based budgeting in its simplest form is a methodology that allows an institution's finance department to align costs with actual activities (typically clinical care, administration, research, and teaching). Despite its intuitive appeal, a minority of the academic medical centers across the country have embraced it. Mount Sinai School of Medicine was among the first to incorporate this approach, and we have almost a decade of experience with its risks and benefits. This article focuses on the education component of mission‐based budgeting. We review all aspects of mission‐based budgeting, including (1) the many variables that must be factored into a metric and how those variables differ among institutions, (2) the metric itself and how it reflects institutional philosophy, (3) the impact of mission‐based budgeting on faculty and chairs of departments, (4) existing processes that ensure the quality, reliability, and validity of the different mission‐based budgeting systems, and (5) a comparative perspective. Mt Sinai J Med 76:381–386, 2009. © 2008 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Student‐Run Health Clinic: Novel Arena to Educate Medical Students on Systems‐Based Practice
Authors: Meah Yasmin S. , Smith Eric L. , Thomas David C. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn recent decades, the United States has experienced substantial growth in the number of student‐run clinics for the indigent. Today, over 49 medical schools across the country operate over 110 student‐run outreach clinics that provide primary care services to the poor and uninsured. Despite this development, little research has been published on the educational value of such student‐led endeavors. Although much has been surmised, no general methodology for categorizing the learning experience in these clinics has been established. This article represents the first literature review of the novel method of educating students through the operation of a clinic for the underserved. It highlights the student‐run clinic as a unique enhancement of medical education that may supplant current curricular arenas in teaching students about systems‐based practice principles such as cost containment and financing, resource allocation, interdisciplinary collaboration, patient advocacy, and monitoring and delivery of quality care. The novelty of the student‐run clinic is that students place themselves at the forefront of problem solving and system navigation to effectively care for severely disadvantaged populations. This article underscores the student‐run clinic as a potentially ideal experiential learning method for preparing young physicians to confront a US healthcare system currently facing crises in cost, quality of care, and high rates of uninsurance. The article stresses the need for outcomes research on the long‐term effectiveness of the student‐run clinic experience in affecting medical student practice behaviors and attitudes in patient care settings that extend beyond the student‐run clinic. Mt Sinai J Med 76:344–356, 2009. © 2008 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Medical Student Documentation in the Medical Record: Is It a Liability?
Authors: Gliatto Peter , Masters Philip , Karani Reena 
Published: July 2009

AbstractMedical students have routinely documented patient encounters in both inpatient and outpatient care venues. This hands‐on experience has provided a way for students to reflect on patient encounters, learn proper documentation skills, and attain a sense of being actively involved in and responsible for the care of patients. Over the last several years, the practice of student note writing has come into question. Institutional disincentives to student documentation include insurance regulations that restrict student documentation from substantiating billing claims, concerns about the legal status of student notes, and implementation of electronic medical records that do not allow or restrict student access. The increased scrutiny of the medical record from pay‐for‐performance programs and other quality measures will likely add to the pressure to exclude students from writing notes. This trend in limiting medical student documentation may have wide‐ranging consequences for student education, from delaying the learning of proper documentation skills to limiting training opportunities. This article reviews the educational value of student note writing, the factors that have made student documentation problematic, and the potential educational impact of limiting student documentation. In addition, it offers some suggestions for future research to guide policy in this area. Mt Sinai J Med 76:357–364, 2009. © 2008 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Pure equilibrium tetrahedral finite elements for global error estimation by dual analysis
Authors: Kempeneers Martin , Debongnie Jean‐François , Beckers Pierre 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis study presents a general procedure of creating pure equilibrium tetrahedral finite elements for use under the elastostatic hypothesis. These pure equilibrium elements are of the Fraeijs de Veubeke type and the degree of the polynomial approximation functions of their internal stress field is the parameter generating this new elements family. The spurious kinematic modes (SKM), inherent in the equilibrium approach, are eliminated at the element level by converting each tetrahedron into a super‐element defined as an assembly of four tetrahedral primitive elements. A mathematical discussion on the number of SKM of the primitive elements as well as their elimination by the super‐element technique has been carried out. The development of first and second degree elements is presented here in detail and their efficiency in the frame of global error estimation by dual analysis is emphasized by two numerical applications. The main attribute of the error estimation by dual analysis is that it provides an upper bound on the global discretization error. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A meta‐analytic review of obesity prevention in the schools: 1997–2008
Authors: Cook‐Cottone Catherine , Casey Carolyn M. , Feeley Thomas Hugh , Baran Jennifer 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA meta‐analysis was conducted on school‐based interventions to reduce obesity in children. Sixty‐six (k = 66, N = 31,059) comparisons from 40 published studies from 1997 through 2008 were included in analyses. Results indicated a significant effect for school‐based interventions with an overall weighted effect size of r = .05. Several moderating factors were examined to explain the heterogeneity in study outcomes. Interventions that were universal (k = 37, r = .07), conducted in elementary schools (k = 41, r = .06), implemented collaboratively (k = 19, r = .12), primarily included children of Asian ethnicity (k = 5, r = .30), encouraged nutritional change (k = 28, r = .13), and sought to reduce sedentary behaviors (k = 17, r = .15) were identified as more successful in reducing students' obesity‐related outcomes. Factors that resulted in negative effects for school‐based programs included interventions of short duration (k = 11, r = −.04) and those that implemented system‐wide changes in nutrition (k = 15, r = −.03). The variability in study effect sizes is discussed, and recommendations are made for future school‐based interventions targeting children. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Exercise‐based school obesity prevention programs: An overview
Authors: Yetter Georgette 
Published: July 2009

AbstractOverweight and obesity are major health concerns for young people. Schools are particularly promising environments for preventing and treating obesity. The Institutes of Medicine recommends 60 minutes per day of physical activity for children and youth, including at least 30 minutes at school. Yet the amount of moderate to vigorous physical exercise children and youth receive at school falls far short of these recommendations. Several intervention programs are supported by well‐controlled studies. These effective programs include Planet Health, the Stanford Adolescent Heart Health Program, Dance for Health, Cardiovascular Health in Children, and the Middle School Physical Activity and Nutrition. Unfortunately, the many methodological shortcomings and inconsistencies in the obesity prevention literature make it difficult to draw clear conclusions about effective program components. Specific resources and recommendations are included to guide school psychologists in improving their schools' climate for health. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Glycosylation status of vitamin D binding protein in cancer patients
Authors: Rehder Douglas S. , Nelson Randall W. , Borges Chad R. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractOn the basis of the results of activity studies, previous reports have suggested that vitamin D binding protein (DBP) is significantly or even completely deglycosylated in cancer patients, eliminating the molecular precursor of the immunologically important Gc macrophage activating factor (GcMAF), a glycosidase‐derived product of DBP. The purpose of this investigation was to directly determine the relative degree of O‐linked trisaccharide glycosylation of serum‐derived DBP in human breast, colorectal, pancreatic, and prostate cancer patients. Results obtained by electrospray ionization‐based mass spectrometric immunoassay showed that there was no significant depletion of DBP trisaccharide glycosylation in the 56 cancer patients examined relative to healthy controls. These results suggest that alternative hypotheses regarding the molecular and/or structural origins of GcMAF must be considered to explain the relative inability of cancer patient serum to activate macrophages.
Responses of the cabbage seedpod weevil, Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Marsham) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), to seed treatments of canola (Brassica napus L.) with the neonicotinoid compounds clothianidin and imidacloprid
Authors: Dosdall Lloyd M 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: The cabbage seedpod weevil, Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Marsham), is a major pest in the production of canola (Brassica napus L.) in North America and Europe, and effective population control is often essential for economical crop production. In North America, neonicotinoid insecticides have been used for several years in canola as seed treatments for reducing herbivory by flea beetles. The neonicotinoids clothianidin and imidacloprid were investigated to determine their effects on preimaginal development and on emergence of new‐generation adults of C. obstrictus in comparison with effects of lindane, a chlorinated hydrocarbon seed treatment.RESULTS: Mean numbers of second‐ and third‐instar larvae were significantly higher in plants seed‐treated with lindane than in plants treated with the neonicotinoid compounds, even though weevil oviposition was similar for all treatments. Emergence of new‐generation adults was reduced by 52 and 39% for plants seed‐treated with clothianidin and imidacloprid, respectively, compared with emergence from plants treated with lindane.CONCLUSION: Seed treatment with both clothianidin and imidacloprid produced systemic insecticidal effects on larvae of C. obstrictus, with clothianidin slightly more effective than imidacloprid. Use of clothianidin or imidacloprid as seed treatments can comprise an important component in the integrated management of cabbage seedpod weevil in canola. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Synergistic antioxidative activities of hydroxycinnamoyl‐peptides
Authors: Kwak Seon‐Yeong , Seo Hyo‐Suk , Lee Yoon‐Sik 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAntioxidants have become an important subject of study as an active ingredient for cosmetics and preservatives for food. We synthesized antioxidative peptide conjugates of hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) such as ferulic acid (FA), caffeic acid (CA), and sinapic acid (SA) by SPPS method. We measured their potential antioxidant properties by 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) scavenging test and lipid autoxidation inhibition test. When the antioxidative peptides, such as glutathione analogue (GS(Bzl)H) and carnosine (CAR), were conjugated to HCAs, their antioxidative activities were enhanced significantly. CA‐peptides exhibited the highest free radical scavenging activity by the DPPH test, and showed good antioxidative activity in the lipid autoxidation test. FA‐ and SA‐peptides showed excellent antioxidative activity in the lipid autoxidation test. Furthermore, we demonstrated a synergistic antioxidative activity of HCA‐peptide conjugates by comparing their antioxidative activity with that of a simple mixture of HCAs and the antioxidant peptides. Copyright © 2009 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tin monoxide as an s‐orbital‐based p‐type oxide semiconductor: Electronic structures and TFT application
Authors: Ogo Yoichi , Hiramatsu Hidenori , Nomura Kenji , Yanagi Hiroshi , Kamiya Toshio , Kimura Mutsumi , Hirano Masahiro , Hosono Hideo 
Published: July 2009

AbstractTin monoxide (SnO) is a stable p‐type oxide semiconductor. This paper reports electrical properties, electronic structures, and thin‐film transistors (TFTs) of SnO. Epitaxial films were fabricated by pulsed laser deposition. The Hall mobility and the hole density of the epitaxial films were 2.4 cm2 V−1 s−1 and 2.5 × 1017, respectively. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) indicated that the closed‐shell 5s2 orbitals of Sn2+ ions heavily contribute to the hole conduction path in SnO. Top gate type TFTs (W/L = 300/50 µm) employing 20 nm thick SnO channels exhibited field‐effect mobilities µsat = 0.7 cm2 V−1 s−1 and µlin = 1.3 cm2 V−1 s−1, which are larger by two orders of magnitude than those reported for p‐channel oxide TFTs to date. On/off current ratios were ∼102 and subthreshold voltage swings (S) ∼7 V/decade. The parameters required for TFT simulations were estimated by ultraviolet PES and first‐principles calculations. The TFT simulations indicated that subgap hole trap density in the SnO channel is >1019 cm−3, which limits the TFT mobilities and the S values.
Synthesis and characterization of host–guest materials obtained by inserting coumarin into hydrotalcite layers for LED applications
Authors: Kumar Sumeet , Milanesio Marco , Marchese Leonardo , Boccaleri Enrico 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe possible interactions between luminescent moieties with hydrotalcite (HTLC) host have been investigated. We present the work done in synthesizing luminescent materials containing coumarin‐3‐carboxylic acid (3CCA). A hydrothermal synthesis is carried out to intercalate the 3CCA into the HTLC with empirical formula: [M(II)0.65M(III)0.35 (OH)2](X)0.35 · nH20], where MII = (Zn2+), MIII = Al3+, X = 3CCA− or NO. The ZnAl HTLC materials with [M(II)/M(III) ≈ 2.0] thus synthesized were characterized by XRPD/FTIR/ICP‐MS/TGA/SEM techniques and solid‐state luminescent measurements. The thermal stability and the luminescent properties of obtained hybrid materials are promising because of the observed photoluminescence in the visible region and their high‐temperature resistance indicated by the in situ XRPD measurements and TGA/DTG analysis.
Indium molybdenum oxide thin films: A comparative study by two different RF sputtering systems
Authors: Elangovan E. , Martins R. , Fortunato E. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIndium molybdenum oxide thin films were deposited using different radio‐frequency sputtering units on glass substrates at room temperature from an In2O3 (95 wt.%): Mo (5 wt.%) target. The film thickness ranges between 160 and 275 nm. The chamber volume of Unit‐1 was ∼2.4 times larger than that of Unit‐2. Apart from the chamber volume, a significant difference between the two units was the sputtering pressure. The films were characterized by their structural, morphological, optical, and electrical properties. A strong reflection from (222) plane was obtained for the ∼275 nm thick films deposited in Unit‐1. The films deposited with <275 nm thickness and those deposited in Unit‐2 are close to amorphous with a small crystalline fraction. The surface of the films deposited in Unit‐1 is comprised of randomly arranged crystallites, which is restructured with the increasing film thickness to become a well defined “rice field” like structure (275 nm thick). The films deposited in Unit‐2 are comprised of many holes on the surface that is presumably due to back sputtering. The average visible transmittance calculated in the wavelength between 400 and 800 nm ranges from 70 to 82%. The optical band gap is found to vary between 3.80 and 3.86 eV. The lowest bulk resistivity of the films deposited in Unit‐1 was increased from ∼4.06 × 10−3 to 4.07 × 10−1 Ω cm when deposited in Unit‐2. The carrier concentration was decreased from 1.31 × 1020 to 1.03 × 1018 cm−3 but the Hall mobility increased from 11.7 to 15.0 cm2   V−1   s−1.
Identifying the time of polynomial drift in the mean of autocorrelated processes
Authors: Perry Marcus B. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractControl charts are used to detect changes in a process. Once a change is detected, knowledge of the change point would simplify the search for and identification of the special ause. Consequently, having an estimate of the process change point following a control chart signal would be useful to process engineers. This paper addresses change point estimation for covariance‐stationary autocorrelated processes where the mean drifts deterministically with time. For example, the mean of a chemical process might drift linearly over time as a result of a constant pressure leak. The goal of this paper is to derive and evaluate an MLE for the time of polynomial drift in the mean of autocorrelated processes. It is assumed that the behavior in the process mean over time is adequately modeled by thekth‐order polynomial trend model. Further, it is assumed that the autocorrelation structure is adequately modeled by the general (stationary and invertible) mixed autoregressive‐moving‐average model. The estimator is intended to be applied to data obtained following a genuine control chart signal in efforts to help pinpoint the root cause of process change. Application of the estimator is demonstrated using a simulated data set. The performance of the estimator is evaluated through Monte Carlo simulation studies for thek=1 case and across several processes yielding various levels of positive autocorrelation. Results suggest that the proposed estimator provides process engineers with an accurate and useful estimate for the last sample obtained from the unchanged process. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.