bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prereperfusion flushing of ischemic territory: a therapeutic study in which histological and behavioral assessments were used to measure ischemia—reperfusion injury in rats with stroke
Authors: Ding Yuchuan , Yao Bin , Zhou Yandong , Park Hun , McAllister J. P. , Diaz Fernando G. 
Published: May 2009

Object. In ischemic stroke, the ischemic crisis activates a cascade of traumatic events that are potentiated by reperfusion and eventually lead to neuronal degeneration. The primary aim of this study was to investigate a procedure that could minimize this damage by interfering with the interactions between reestablished blood flow and ischemically damaged tissue, as well as by improving regional microcirculation.
Methods. Using a novel hollow filament, the authors flushed the ischemic territory with heparinized saline before vascular reperfusion after occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). The results demonstrate a statistically significant (p < 0.001) reduction in infarct volume (75%; from 45.3 ± 3.6% to 11.4 ± 1.7%, determined with Nissl staining) in rats in which a 2-hour MCA occlusion was followed by a 48-hour reperfusion. Infarction and neuronal degeneration were confirmed using silver staining, which revealed a significantly larger infarct (36.3%, p < 0.05) than that detected with Nissl staining. The long-term neuroprotection of the prereperfusion flushing was also evaluated. This was determined by a series of motor behavior tasks (foot placing, parallel bar traversing, rope and ladder climbing) performed up to 28 days after reperfusion. Motor deficits were found to be significantly ameliorated in animals that underwent the flushing procedure (p < 0.001). In addition, neurological outcome was also improved significantly (p < 0.001) in the same animals.
Conclusions. These results indicate that interaction between reperfusion and the metabolically and biochemically compromised tissue could be interrupted by the prereperfusion flushing procedure, which could lead to a reduction in brain injury from stroke. Mechanical reopening of the cerebral occlusion with local flushing and isolated reperfusion of the regionally injured brain might offer new treatment options for patients with stroke.
Endovascular treatment of giant and large intracranial aneurysms by using a combination of stent placement and liquid polymer injection
Authors: Mawad Michel E. , Cekirge Saruhan , Ciceri Elisa , Saatci Isil 
Published: May 2009

Object. The aim of this study was to test the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of a new endovascular method for the treatment of giant intracranial aneurysms. This new method consists of combining a metallic stent with a liquid polymer; the stent is first placed across the neck of the aneurysm to reconstruct a tubular arterial lumen, followed by obliteration of the fundus of the aneurysm with an ethyl vinyl alcohol polymer. During its injection, the liquid polymer is contained within the aneurysm by temporarily inflating an occlusion balloon in the parent artery.
Methods. Eleven patients harboring a giant aneurysm were successfully treated using this procedure. All aneurysms were excluded from the circulation, with preservation of the parent artery. In nine of the 11 patients, the 6-month follow-up angiogram demonstrated no recanalization of the aneurysm. In one patient who had a giant and partially clotted internal carotid artery bifurcation aneurysm, the follow-up angiogram demonstrated minimal recanalization. The complications in this series of patients included one death and one case of transient hemiparesis caused by watershed ischemia.
Conclusions. The initial anatomical results and the clinical outcome in this small series of patients are very encouraging. The mortality and morbidity rates associated with this new endovascular treatment are superior to those associated with surgical clipping of giant aneurysms.
Brachial plexus neurotization with donor phrenic nerves and its effect on pulmonary function
Authors: Luedemann Wolf , Hamm Michael , Blömer Ulrike , Samii Madjid , Tatagiba Marcos 
Published: May 2009

Object. To examine possible side effects of neurotizations in which the phrenic nerve was used, pulmonary function was analyzed pre- and postoperatively in patients with brachial plexus injury and root avulsions.
Methods. Twenty-three patients with complete brachial plexus palsy underwent neurotization of the musculocutaneous nerve, with the phrenic nerve as donor material. Patients who suffered lung contusions as part of the primary injury were excluded from this study. In 12 patients (five left-sided and seven right-sided neurotizations) pre- and postoperative functional parameters were compared and additional body plethysmography was performed more than 12 months postsurgery.
Of the 23, no patient experienced pulmonary problems postoperatively. Nonetheless, pulmonary functional parameters showed a vital capacity in percent of the predicted value of 9.8 ± 6.3% (mean ± standard deviation [SD]) in all patients examined, which was a significant reduction (p = 0.0002).
In right-sided phrenic nerve transfers this reduction was significant, at 14.3 ± 3.3% (mean ± SD), whereas left-sided transfers showed a nonsignificant reduction of 3.6 ± 3.5% (mean ± SD). The observed decrease in vital capacity (VC) correlates with the maximal inspiratory pressure (Pimax) as an indication of clinical significance.
Conclusions. When the right phrenic nerve is used as a donor in neurotization of the musculocutaneous nerve, the patient incurs a higher risk of reduced pulmonary VC. If possible, the left phrenic nerve should be preferred. The Pimax has to be determined preoperatively to avoid any further decrease in the already reduced pulmonary function due to the initial injury.
Gamma surgery for melanoma metastases in the brain
Authors: Mingione Vincenzo , Oliveira Marcelo , Prasad Dheerendra , Steiner Melita , Steiner Ladislau 
Published: May 2009

Object. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness and limitations of gamma surgery (GS) in the treatment of brain metastases from melanoma.
Methods. Imaging and clinical outcomes in 45 patients treated for 92 brain metastases from melanoma between October 1989 and October 1999 were retrospectively analyzed. Follow-up imaging studies were available in 35 patients with 66 treated lesions. Twenty-four percent of the lesions disappeared, 35% shrank, 23% remained unchanged, and 18% increased in size. No undue radiation-induced changes were observed in the surrounding brain. Clinical data were available in all patients. No deaths or neurological morbidity related to GS was observed. The median survival time, calculated using the Kaplan—Meier method, was 10.4 months from the time of GS. In both univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, a single brain lesion and lack of visceral metastases were statistically predictive of a better prognosis. Six of eight patients with solitary metastasis (that is, a single brain metastasis with no primary visceral tumor) were still alive at the close of the study, none of them with disease progression, with a follow-up period ranging between 14 and 82 months. Sixteen patients in this series received adjunctive whole-brain radiation therapy, which had no impact on their survival time or local and distant control of the brain disease.
Conclusions. Gamma surgery is effective in treating melanoma metastases in the brain. It appears that the radiobiology of a single high dose overcomes the radioresistance barrier, yielding better results than fractionated radiation.
Surgical management of cerebral metastases from melanoma: outcome in 147 patients treated at a single institution over two decades
Authors: Zacest Andrew C. , Besser Michael , Stevens Graham , Thompson John F. , McCarthy William H. , Culjak Gordana 
Published: May 2009

Object. The aim of this study was to review the outcome of patients who underwent surgery for treatment of cerebral metastatic melanoma.
Methods. A retrospective analysis was performed in 147 patients with cerebral metastases from melanoma who were treated surgically at a single institution between 1979 and 1999. Almost all patients underwent postoperative whole-brain radiation therapy. The mean patient age was 53 years (range 17–76 years); 69% of patients were male. A single cerebral metastasis was identified in 84% of patients, although 56% had synchronous extracranial metastases. The 30-day postoperative mortality rate was 2% and neurological symptoms resolved or improved in 78% of patients. Recurrence of intracerebral disease was seen in 55% of patients and 26% died of intracerebral metastases. Twenty-four patients underwent reoperation for recurrent cerebral disease. The median survival duration from the time of surgery for all patients was 8.5 months; the 3- and 5-year survival rates were 9% and 5%, respectively. Factors that significantly influenced survival on univariate analysis were the number of cerebral metastases (p = 0.015), a macroscopically complete excision (p < 0.05), and reoperation for recurrence (p = 0.02). The presence of extracranial metastases did not significantly influence survival. On multivariate analysis only the number of cerebral metastases significantly affected survival (p = 0.04).
Conclusions. For the majority of patients with cerebral metastases from melanoma, surgery with adjuvant radiation therapy is a treatment option that improves neurological symptoms and produces minimal morbidity. Long-term survival (> 3 years) most likely occurs in patients with a single cerebral metastasis and no demonstrable extracranial disease. Reoperation for recurrent cerebral disease may be appropriate in selected cases.
Chromosomal imbalances in primary oligodendroglial tumors and their recurrences: clues about malignant progression detected using comparative genomic hybridization
Authors: Jeuken Judith W. M. , Sprenger Sandra H. E. , Vermeer Harry , Kappelle Arnoud C. , Boerman Rudolf H. , Wesseling Pieter 
Published: May 2009

Object. Despite the rapid increase in knowledge concerning the genetic basis of malignant progression in astrocytic tumors, progression of oligodendroglial tumors (including both pure oligodendrogliomas and mixed oligoastrocytomas) is still poorly understood. The aim of the present study is the elucidation of chromosomal imbalances involved in the progression of oligodendroglial tumors toward malignancy.
Methods. Using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) on snap-frozen tumor tissue, the tumor genomes of five primary oligodendroglial tumors and associated recurrent tumors were screened for chromosomal imbalances. This information was correlated with clinical data (including follow-up data) and histopathological malignancy grade.
In all cases an increase in chromosomal imbalances was detected in the recurrent tumor, indicating genetic progression. In three of the five cases this correlated with malignant progression detected at the histopathological level. The results indicate that, similar to what occurs in astrocytic tumors, chromosomal imbalances harboring genes involved in the cell proliferation control mechanism at the G1-S border are involved in the progression of oligodendroglial tumors. Additionally, although gains of genetic material on chromosome 7 and losses on chromosome 10 are most frequently detected in the course of malignant progression of astrocytic tumors, either or both of these can also occur during malignant progression of typical oligodendroglial tumors that contain losses involving chromosome 1p and/or chromosome 19q.
Conclusions. When performed on optimally preserved material from a small set of primary oligodendroglial tumors and associated recurrent tumors, CGH detects chromosomal aberrations that potentially play a mechanistic role in the malignant progression of these tumors.
Intracranial meningeal melanocytoma associated with ipsilateral nevus of Ota
Authors: Piercecchi-Marti Marie-Dominique , Mohamed Hicham , Liprandi Agnes , Gambarelli Daniele , Grisoli Francois , Pellissier Jean-François 
Published: May 2009

✓ In this report, the authors review the case of a man with a neurocutaneous syndrome. He presented with an intracerebral melanocytoma associated with a blue nevus of the scalp; its location and its appearance during childhood supported the diagnosis of a nevus of Ota.
Meningeal melanocytomas are increasingly being diagnosed, but remain rare. Primary meningeal malignant melanoma is the first differential diagnosis to eliminate.
Despite their common embryonic origin, the association of a melanocytoma with a nevus of Ota is rare. A nevus of Ota exhibits the same melanocytic proliferation and affects the trigeminal nerve territory. An ocular effect is not always observed. In contrast to an ocular lesion, a nevus of Ota rarely transforms into a malignant melanoma. It is found only among caucasians.
During 4 years of follow-up review after surgery, the patient remained asymptomatic. Other than antiepileptic therapy, he received no complementary treatment and cerebral imaging revealed no evidence of recurrence.
Subthalamic nucleus stimulation in patients with a prior pallidotomy
Authors: Mogilner Alon Y. , Sterio Djordje , Rezai Ali R. , Zonenshayn Martin , Kelly Patrick J. , Beric Aleksandar 
Published: May 2009

Object. A substantial number of patients with Parkinson disease (PD) who have undergone unilateral stereotactic pallidotomy ultimately develop symptom progression, becoming potential candidates for further surgical treatment. Bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been shown to be effective in the treatment of a subset of patients with refractory PD. Microelectrode recording is performed to help localize the STN and guide final placement of the electrode. Potential alterations in physiological features of the STN after pallidotomy may complicate localization of this structure in this group of patients.
Methods. Bilateral STN DBS surgery guided by microelectrode recording was performed in six patients who had undergone previous unilateral pallidotomies. Physiologically obtained parameters of the STN, including trajectory length, mean firing rate, cell number, and cell density were calculated. These data were compared with those from the side without prior pallidotomy within each patient, as well as with those from our series of 49 subthalamic nuclei explored in 26 patients who had not undergone prior pallidotomy but who underwent bilateral STN stimulator placement.
In all patients, analysis of STN cellular activity on the side ipsilateral to the pallidotomy demonstrated a lower mean firing frequency than on the contralateral, intact side. The physiological features on the intact side were not significantly different from those found in our series of patients who had not undergone prior pallidotomy.
Conclusions. Physicians who perform STN surgery in patients with prior pallidotomy should be aware of the electrophysiological differences between the STN that had undergone pallidotomy and the one that had not, to avoid prolonging recording time to search for the typical STN. The implications of these findings for the current models of information processing in the basal ganglia are discussed.
Comparison of atlas- and magnetic resonance imaging—based stereotactic targeting of the globus pallidus internus in the performance of deep brain stimulation for the treatment of dystonia
Authors: Vayssiere Nathalie , Hemm Simone , Cif Laura , Christine Picot Marie , Diakonova Nina , El Fertit Hassan , Frerebeau Philippe , Coubes Philippe 
Published: May 2009

Object. To assess the validity of relying on atlases during stereotactic neurosurgery, the authors compared target coordinates in the globus pallidus internus (GPi) obtained using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with those determined using an atlas. The targets were used in deep brain stimulation (DBS) for the treatment of generalized dystonia.
Methods. Thirty-five patients, who were treated using bilateral DBS of the GPi, were included in this study. The target was selected on three-dimensional MR images by direct visual recognition of the GPi. The coordinates were automatically recorded using dedicated software. They were translated into the anterior commissure—posterior commissure (AC—PC) coordinate system by using a matrix transformation process. The same GPi target was defined, based on the locations of brain structures shown in the atlases of Schaltenbrand and Talairach. Magnetic resonance imaging—based GPi target coordinates were statistically compared with the corresponding atlas-based coordinates by applying the Student t-test.
A significant difference (p < 0.001) was demonstrated in x, y, and z directions between MR imaging—based and Schaltenbrand atlas—derived target coordinates. The comparison with normalized Talairach atlas coordinates demonstrated a significant difference (p < 0.01) in the y and z directions, although not in the x direction (p = 0.12).
No significant correlation existed between MR imaging—based target coordinates and patient age (p > 0.1). No significant correlation was observed between MR imaging—based target coordinates and patient sex in the y and z directions (p > 0.9), although it was significant in the x direction (p < 0.05). A significant variation in coordinates and the length of the AC—PC line was revealed only in the y direction (p < 0.005).
Conclusions. A significant difference was found between target coordinates obtained by direct visual targeting on MR images (validated by postoperative clinical results) and those obtained by indirect targeting based on atlases.
Integration of sulcal and functional information for multimodal neuronavigation
Authors: Jannin Pierre , Morandi Xavier , Fleig Oliver J. , Le Rumeur Elisabeth , Toulouse Pierre , Gibaud Bernard , Scarabin Jean-Marie 
Published: May 2009

Object. The authors present the use of cortical sulci, segmented from magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and functional data from functional (f)MR imaging and magnetoencephalography (MEG) in the image-guided surgical management of lesions adjacent to the sensorimotor cortex.
Methods. In an initial set of 11 patients, sulci near lesions were automatically segmented from MR imaging data sets, then MEG and fMR imaging examinations were performed. Relevant functional information was preoperatively interpreted and selected from MEG and fMR imaging and subsequently transferred to the navigation system for selected sulci. A neuronavigation system consisting of a surgical microscope with enhanced reality overlay display was used. Data were displayed as contours on the cut-plane images of a stereotactic workstation and as contours on the overlay screen of the head-up display within the optical path of the right eyepiece of the surgical microscope.
Conclusions. This method, in which both sulcal and functional mapping are used for surgery planning and neuronavigation, provides helpful information. It is a promising procedure for the treatment of patients who harbor lesions in areas around the eloquent cortex.
Clinical application of a new bioabsorbable artificial dura mater
Authors: Yamada Keisuke , Miyamoto Susumu , Takayama Motohiro , Nagata Izumi , Hashimoto Nobuo , Ikada Yoshito , Kikuchi Haruhiko 
Published: May 2009

Object. In their pursuit of a better substitute for dura mater in neurosurgical procedures, the authors review their experience with GM972.
Methods. A newly developed synthetic dural substitute composed of bioabsorbable polymers (GM972) was placed in 53 patients during neurosurgical procedures. The handling properties of the material, surgical wound features, and findings of hematological, computerized tomography, and/or magnetic resonance imaging examinations were evaluated. The average follow-up period was 35.5 months. The handling properties and biocompatibility of this new dural substitute were highly satisfactory, and no significant complication was observed. In patients who underwent a second surgery performed more than 18 months after the initial operation, this new dural substitute was found to have been replaced by autologous collagenous tissue. Because of its bioabsorbability, chronic foreign body reactions to this synthetic dural substitute were negligible.
Conclusions. In this report the authors support the effectiveness and safety of this bioabsorbable artificial dural substitute that provides a reduced risk of transmission of latent infection.
Normal changes in orbital volume during childhood
Authors: Bentley Robert P. , Sgouros Spyros , Natarajan Kalyan , Dover M. Stephen , Hockley Anthony D. 
Published: May 2009

Object. The aim of this study was to construct a model of changes in orbital volume that occur throughout childhood from the age of 1 month to 15 years, which could be used for comparative studies of disease states affecting orbital growth.
Methods. Using the procedure of segmentation on magnetic resonance images obtained in 67 healthy children, orbital volume was measured and plotted against age.
During the first few months of life left orbital volume is on average 15 cm3 in male and 13 cm3 in female infants; these volumes increase to 26 cm3 and 24 cm3, respectively, by the time the child reaches 15 years of age. During the first few months of life right orbital volume is on average 16 cm3 in male and 13 cm3 in female infants; these volumes increase to 27 cm3 and 25 cm3, respectively, by the time the child is 15 years old. This represents an overall increase in orbital volume by a factor of 1.7 in boys and 1.8 in girls. By the time the child has reached 5 years of age, the orbital volume for both right and left sides has reached on average 77% of the volume seen at 15 years in both sexes. The differences between the two sides are not statistically significant for either sex. The change in orbital volume that is associated with age in general displays a linear pattern. Throughout childhood, orbital volumes are larger in boys than in girls, but share a similar growth pattern. The difference between the two sexes tends toward statistical significance during the first 5 years of life (left orbit p = 0.1, right orbit p = 0.04).
Conclusions. During early childhood, orbital volume increases in a linear fashion, achieving a significant proportion of its final growth by the time the child is 5 years old.