bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indian isolates of white spot syndrome virus exhibit variations in their pathogenicity and genomic tandem repeats
Authors: John K R , George M R , Iyappan T , Thangarani A J , Jeyaseelan M J P 
Published: August 2010

AbstractTo detect genomic variation of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) isolates from different geographical regions of India, the variable number of the tandem repeat (VNTR) region of the ORF 94 (Thailand WSSV isolate – GeneBank Accession No. AF369029) was analysed using five specific sets of primers. Analysis of 70 WSSV‐positive samples showed the presence of 14 different genotypes of WSSV with VNTRs ranging from 2 to 16 tandem repeats with the majority (85.47%) having 6–12 tandem repeats. Occurrence of different genotypes of WSSV was found to be neither correlated to any specific geographical region nor to the different growth stage of the tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon. Pathogenicity studies conducted with 25 isolates of WSSV revealed the presence of virulent and avirulent strains of WSSV in Indian shrimp farms. However, an unambiguous link could not be established between the different genotypes and their virulence.
Chronic kidney disease: a public health priority and harbinger of premature cardiovascular disease
Authors: Stenvinkel P. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract.  Stenvinkel P (Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden). Chronic kidney disease: a public health priority and harbinger of premature cardiovascular disease (Review). J Intern Med 2010; 268: 456–467.The epidemics of cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, HIV and cancer have all received much attention from the public, media and policymakers. By contrast, chronic kidney disease (CKD) has remained largely a ‘silent’ epidemic. This is unfortunate because early diagnosis of renal disease based on proteinuria and/or reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate could enable early intervention to reduce the high risks of cardiovascular events, end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) and death that are associated with CKD. Given the global increase in the incidence of the leading causes of CKD – hypertension, obesity and diabetes mellitus – better disease management and prevention planning are needed, as effective strategies are available to slow the progression of CKD and reduce cardiovascular risk. CKD may be regarded as a clinical model of accelerated vascular disease and premature ageing, and the risk‐factor profile changes during the progression from mild/moderate CKD to ESRD. Although many randomized controlled trials in patients with mild to moderate CKD have shown beneficial effects of interventions aimed at preventing the progression of CKD, most trials have been unable to demonstrate a beneficial effect of interventions aimed at improving outcome in ESRD. Thus, novel treatment strategies are needed in this high‐risk patient group.
Morphology and protein adsorption characteristics of block copolymer surfaces
Authors: PALACIO M. , SCHRICKER S. , BHUSHAN B. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryBiocompatible polymers are known to act as scaffolds for the regeneration and growth of bone. Block copolymers are of interest as scaffold materials because novel, structurally diverse polymers can be synthesized from biocompatible blocks. Block copolymer nanostructure and surface morphology is easily tunable with synthetic techniques and the diverse nanostructures can be used to affect cell and tissue behaviour. In this paper, we present atomic force microscopy studies on the morphology and corresponding protein adsorption behaviour of a novel class of methyl methacrylate and acrylic acid diblock and triblock copolymers. The topography, phase angle and adhesion maps were obtained to study the morphology. Atomic force microscopy imaging reveals that the diblock and triblock copolymers present distinct nanomorphologies, although their chemical composition is the same. This has implications on the role of nanomorphology in cell–polymer interactions independent of chemical composition. Protein adsorption on a biomaterial surface is critical to understanding its biocompatibility and bovine serum albumin was used to model that behaviour on the block copolymer surfaces. An increase in the adhesive force of the surface was observed to correlate with the adsorption of bovine serum albumin on the block copolymer surfaces investigated.
Detailed knowledge of cellular expression of G protein‐coupled receptors in the human enteric nervous system is essential for understanding their diverse actions
Authors: Nassauw L. Van , Timmermans J.‐p. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractG protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) comprise a large and diverse superfamily of transmembrane receptors that mediate the functions of an extraordinarily large number of extracellular ligands. They control many major physiological processes and are involved in diverse pathological processes, including gastrointestinal diseases. G protein‐coupled receptors are one of the most targeted classes in pharmaceutical drug research. At present, much of our knowledge concerning the expression, distribution and function of GPCRs in the gut has been gleaned from studies performed in experimental models. Data obtained in the human digestive tract, especially in the enteric nervous system, are sparse and incomplete, although enteric neurons have a key position in almost all physiological and pathophysiological processes in the gut. Knowledge of cellular distribution of GPCRs, of regional differences in GPCR expression, and of altered GPCR expression during pathophysiological conditions in the human gut, will lead to a better understanding of GPCR activity, but will also contribute to the development of new drugs. In the current issue of the Journal, Harrington et al. describe the presence and cellular localization of muscarinic receptors in the human colon. Morphologically, orientated studies on the cellular expression of GPCRs in the human gut have to be encouraged, because these studies will yield data that are of therapeutic relevance.
Discharge and manipulation of labial gland secretion by workers of Apis mellifera (L.) (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Authors: Simpson J. , Riedel Inge B. M. 
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSISAn account is given of the salivation process in Apis mellifera. The mechanisms by which the hairs of the tongue are erected and the ligula retracted, and the action of the salivary pump, are described, and their effect on the discharge of saliva and intake of food are discussed.
The internal morphology of the adult of Tribolium anaphe Hinton (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
Authors: Hafeez M. A. , Gardiner B. G. 
Published: August 2010

SynopsisThe internal anatomy of the adult of Triboliurn anuphe is described and compared with that of two other species of Tribolium and one species of the genus Latheticus. The taxonomic importance of certain characters is discussed.
The odoriferous principle of Piezodorus teretipes (Ståal) (Hemiptera: Pentatomoidea)
Authors: Gilchrist T. L. , Stansfield F. , Cloudsley‐Thompson J. L. 
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSISThe occurrence of trans‐hex‐2‐enal in secretions of the stink gland of Piezodorus teretipes is described.
An in situ study of cystine and cysteine‐rich neurosecretory cells in the brain of Sarcophaga ruficornis (Fabricius, 1794) (Diptera, Cyclorrhapha)
Authors: Tandan B. K. , Dogra G. S. 
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSISObservations with a technique specific for protein‐bound cystine or cysteine, or both, on neurosecretory cell groups in the brain of Sarcophaga ruficornis are described. Differences in the neurosecretory cells during post‐embryonic development and in the adult fly are recorded, and interpretations thereon made and discussed.
The defensive behaviour of the stick insect Oncotophasma martini (Griffini) (Orthoptera: Phasmatidae)*
Authors: Robinson Michael H. 
Published: August 2010

SynopsisThe resting attitude of Oncotophasma martini is described. An account is given of active escape behaviour shown by both sexes, and of the display of abdominal movements and the use of femoral armature by the male.
Pupation and emergence in Phalanta phalantha aethiopica (Rothschild & Jordan) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in Nigeria
Authors: Phipps John 
Published: August 2010

SynopsisAn account is given of the time of pupation, adult emergence, choice of pupation site, sex ratio and copulation behaviour of Phalanta phalantha aethiopica at Ibadan.
A revision of the genus Paranisops Hale (Heteroptera: Notonectidae)
Authors: Lansbury I. 
Published: August 2010

SynopsisThe genus Paranisops is redefined, and the type species, P. inconstans, and its variety lutea are redescribed. Anisops endymion is transferred to Paranisops and the differences between this species and P. inconstans are discussed.
A new species of Mesomyia (Perisitvius) (Diptera: Tabanidae) from Tanganyika
Authors: Lamerton J. F. 
Published: August 2010

SynopsisA new species of Mesomyia (Perisilvius) is described from males and females taken floating on water at two dams near Mpwapwa, Tanganyika. A note on the habitat is included.
Notes on Chironomidae (Diptera: Nematocera)
Authors: Freeman Paul 
Published: August 2010

SynopsisA new genus and a new species of Podonominae are described from four females collected in Southern Rhodesia, and a revised key to the known genera of the subfamily is given. A new genus and a new species of Orthocladiinae are described from two males and two females collected in Western Australia, and a new genus is erected for a Palaearctic species of that subfamily.
On a new genus and species of Hippoboscidae (Diptera) and its relationship to Allobosca crassipes Speiser
Authors: Theodor O. , Oldroyd H. 
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSISA new genus of Hippoboscidae is erected for a new species from Madagascar, both sexes of which are described. A key for the separation of the new genus is included. The relationship of the new genus to Allobosca, for which additional characters are given, is discussed.
New records of Pseudomasaris Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Vespoidea, Masaridae), with notes on P. phaceliae Rohwer and P. cazieri R. M. Bohart
Authors: Richards O. W. 
Published: August 2010

SynopsisNew records are given of nine species of Pseudomasaris, and a revised key to species is included. The hitherto unknown female of P. cazieri, and the characters separating P. texanus and P. phaceliae, are described.
A second Palaearctic species of Drapetis subgenus Elaphropeza Macquart (Diptera: Empididae) from Spain
Authors: Smith KennethG. V. 
Published: August 2010

SynopsisA new species of Drapetis subgenus Elaphropeza is described from specimens taken in Spain and compared with the only other species of Elaphropeza known from the Palaearctic region, the closely similar D. (E.) ephippiata (Fallén).
On Bagnall's species of the genera Anurida and Anuridella (Collembola: Hypogastruridae)
Authors: LAWRENCE P. N. , GOTO H. E. 
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSISThe validity of six species of British Collembola is discussed. Three species of Anurida and two of Anuridella are regarded as junior synonyms. Confirmation of an earlier synonymy in Anuridella is provided.
Psychodidae (Diptera, Nematocera) collected by Mr. Plaumann in Southern Brazil
Authors: Duckhouse D. A. 
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSISDescriptions are given of a collection of Southern Brazilian Psychodidae‐Psychodinae, comprising a new genus, a new species of Alepia, a female of Alepia, a new species of Pericoma s.I., a new species of Telmatoscopus s.I., Telmatoscopus furcatus (Kincaid) and three new species of Psychoda.
African termites of the genusSchedorhinotermes(Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) and associated termitophiles (Lepidoptera: Tineidae)
Authors: Harris W. V. 
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSISAn account is given of the synonymy and distribution of the two representatives of the genusSchedorhinotermesin the Ethiopian Region, S.putoriusandS. lamanianus. Keys are provided for the imago and soldier castes and some notes on biology are given. The synonymy and distribution of the closely associated termitophiles,Paraclystisdivisus andP. integer(Tineidae), and their relations with the host, are discussed.
The Old World species of the tribe Typopsilopini (Diptera: Ephydridae)
Authors: WIRTH WILLIS W. 
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSISTypopsilopa Cresson, Eleleides Cresson, and Psilopoidea Cresson, the Old World genera of the notiphiline tribe Typopsilopini, are reviewed, and diagnoses and a key are provided. The male genitalia of Typopsilopa and Eleleides are described and figured, and a key based on the male genitalia is given for the seven known Old World species of Typopsilopa, four of which are described as new: one from Abyssinia, one from Madagascar, and two from Japan.
OnSergentomyia ruttledgei(Lewis & Kirk) andS. schwetzi(Adler, Theodor & Parrot) (Diptera: Psychodidae)
Authors: Lewis D. J. , Barnley G. R. , Minter D. M. 
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSISThe original description ofSergentomyia ruttledgeiis amplified by the study of a series from Uganda. The taxonomy of theS. schwetzicomplex is reviewed, and some variation is described.
On a Collection of Steninae from China (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)*
Authors: Puthz Volker 
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSISAn account is given of 10 species of Stems and one species of Dianous collected in China in 1964‐66; one species of Stenus, closely rescmbling S. kuatunensis, is described as new.
Studies on heliothripine Thysanoptera
Authors: Mound L. A. 
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSISTwo species described by Bagnall on damaged uniques are redescribed from fresh material of both sexes: roboris, belonging in the Trypoctothrips complex. and frontalis, which belongs with three other Australasian species in a group of genera involving a parallel phyletic line referred to here as the Dinurofhrips complex. Two new genera are defined, one from Australia and one from Brazil; five new species are described, two Australian, two Nigerian and one Brazilian; four new synonymies are indicated from Australia and one from Nigeria; host records are given for two little known species.
Effects of recombinant human activated protein C on the coagulation system: a study with rotational thromboelastometry
Authors: NILSSON C. U. , HELLKVIST P. D. , ENGSTRÖM M. 
Published: August 2010

Background: Recombinant human activated protein C (rhAPC) is an anticoagulant that can be used for treatment of patients with severe sepsis. The use of rhAPC is accompanied by an increased risk of severe bleeding. Rotational thromboelastometry is a method for measuring the status of the coagulation. The aim of the study was to investigate whether rotational thromboelastometry could be used for monitoring the effects of rhAPC on the coagulation.Methods: Whole blood was mixed in vitro with concentrations of rhAPC ranging from 0 to 75 ng/ml and analysed with rotational thromboelastometry.Results: The parameter Coagulation Time was significantly prolonged by increasing the concentrations of rhAPC (P=0.002). Other parameters were not significantly affected.Conclusion: rhAPC dose dependently affects the early humoral parts of the coagulation, while platelet function and fibrinogen to fibrin conversion seem virtually unaffected.
The test‐retest reliability and responsiveness to change for the Hand Function Survey during stroke rehabilitation
Authors: Blennerhassett Jannette M. , Avery Rebecca M. , Carey Leeanne M. 
Published: August 2010

Background/aim:  The Hand Function Survey (HFS) is a questionnaire designed to measure self‐reported ability to use the affected hand during 13 everyday tasks in people with stroke. The HFS appears practical for clinical use and has established psychometric properties. This study aimed to investigate test–retest reliability and responsiveness to change for the HFS during stroke rehabilitation.Methods:  Twenty‐two people with a first episode stroke, and without severe cognitive and language difficulties, participated. Participants were assessed on three occasions: baseline, 48 hours later and at follow‐up (four to six weeks later) using two tests of upper extremity function, the HFS and the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT). Test–retest reliability of the HFS between baseline and 48 hours was examined using tests of agreement (Lin’s Concordance and Cohen’s Kappa). Responsive to change for the HFS was investigated by comparing the difference between baseline and follow‐up scores. The level of agreement between the change observed for the ARAT and HFS was analysed.Results:  Strong agreement (Rho_c = 0.99; Κw = 0.97) was observed between the test–retest HFS scores. Significant improvement between baseline and follow‐up occurred for both the HFS and ARAT. A moderate agreement was found between change observed for the HFS and ARAT (Rho_c = 0.62; Κw = 0.65).Conclusion:  The HFS was found to be a reliable and responsive self‐report test of hand function during stroke rehabilitation. The HFS could be used in conjunction with other clinical tests of hand function during the rehabilitation of people with stroke without severe cognitive and language difficulties.
Genetic basis of corneal diseases and the role of keratocytes in corneal transparency – a review
Authors: Klintworth Gordon K , Jester James V 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe current paper reviews the genetic basis of diseases affecting the cornea, including corneal dystrophies and systemic diseases with corneal manifestations (e.g. the mucopolysaccharidoses), discusses the mechanisms by which corneal injury and disease can affect corneal transparency and discusses stem cell therapy as a potential therapy for corneal injury and disease. Several diseases of the cornea have been described, many of which are inheritable. The identification of the genetic mutations responsible for these diseases has led to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying their corneal manifestations. Corneal disease and injury can affect corneal transparency. Stromal keratocytes play an important role in cellular and extracellular transparency of the cornea. They synthesize type I and V collagen and keratan sulfate proteoglycans that together regulate collagen fibril size and spacing important for extracellular matrix transparency. There are strong indications that cellular transparency of keratocytes relies on the presence of corneal crystallins, which provide a uniform density of proteins in the cytoplasm that increase the spatial order necessary for transparency. After injury, activated keratocytes show heterogeneity of cytoplasmic proteins, decreased spatial ordering and increased light scattering. Stem cell transplantation is regarded as a potential new therapy that can replace keratocytes and restore corneal transparency and normal structure after injury or corneal disease.
Gene therapy for ocular problems in mucopolysaccharidosis: an experimental and promising approach with benefits in animal models – a review
Authors: Ponder Katherine P , Auricchio Alberto 
Published: August 2010

AbstractDespite the availability of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation and the recent introduction of enzyme replacement therapy, the prevention and treatment of ocular manifestations in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) remains a challenge. Novel therapeutic approaches based on in vivo, viral vector‐mediated gene transduction are currently under investigation. Systemic gene therapy holds promise in humans, given the histopathological and electrophysiological evidence of partial improvement to complete correction in visual function (depending on the experimental conditions) in animal models of MPS. Local gene therapy for the management of ocular features of MPS, in contrast, has seen limited testing in preclinical studies. However, this approach has been successfully applied in various inherited retinal diseases, including Leber congenital amaurosis, for which it has reached the clinical testing stage. Acquired experience may fuel further investigations of the potential benefit of intraocular gene therapy in MPS.
Japanese Business Practices and their Implications for the West
Authors: ROSS T. D. 
Published: August 2010

Toyohiro Kono, Strategy and Structure of Japanese Enterprises (Armonk, New York:Kazuo Sato and Yasuo Hoshino (eds), The Anatomy of Japanese Business (Armonk, New York: M. E. Sharpe, 1984; and London: Croom Helm, 1984) 378 pp., $35.00 and |SL25.00.
Concept determination as part of the development of knowledge in caring science
Authors: Eriksson Katie 
Published: August 2010

Scand J Caring Sci; 2010; 24; 2–11

Concept determination as part of the development of knowledge in caring science The purpose of this article is to highlight concept determination as part of the development of knowledge in caring science, by describing Eriksson’s model of concept determination. Concepts belong to and are developed in science, and it is through concepts that reality is shaped. Concepts and language are closely related, and Gadamer’s guiding thought is that language constitutes the middle where I and the world, join together. It is by its very activity of thinking that the meaning is to be heard, and Gadamer emphasizes that the being that can be understood is language and points to a universal ontological structure against the fundamental nature of what is allowing to be understood. The first outlines of the model of concept determination are described as a research design for the development of the care process model. In developing the model of concept determination, the intent has been to fill a void in the international caring science literature, where no model is sufficiently comprehensive to meet the requirement for a model from a humanistic hermeneutic perspective with roots in an explicit ontology and ethos. Eriksson’s model of concept determination includes both an ontological and a contextual determination. Concept determination is the main concept in Eriksson’s model and includes concept formation and concept analysis. The starting point of concept determination is a hermeneutic epistemology developed in a scientific tradition of caring. The model of concept determination opens itself to versatility in determining concepts and provides a nuanced picture of the concept in question, while the whole‐part‐whole thinking simultaneously leads to a deeper understanding of the multifaceted caring reality and the current object of knowledge. By constantly returning to the what‐questions, the course of events will continue and conceptual determination moves around the substance towards a deeper understanding of the core.
Identification of genetic determinants of IGF‐1 levels and longevity among mouse inbred strains
Authors: Leduc Magalie S. , Hageman Rachael S. , Meng Qingying , Verdugo Ricardo A. , Tsaih Shirng‐Wern , Churchill Gary A. , Paigen Beverly , Yuan Rong 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe IGF‐1 signaling pathway plays an important role in regulating longevity. To identify the genetic loci and genes that regulate plasma IGF‐1 levels, we intercrossed MRL/MpJ and SM/J, inbred mouse strains that differ in IGF‐1 levels. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis of IGF‐1 levels of these F2 mice detected four QTL on chromosomes (Chrs) 9 (48 Mb), 10 (86 Mb), 15 (18 Mb), and 17 (85 Mb). Haplotype association mapping of IGF‐1 levels in 28 domesticated inbred strains identified three suggestive loci in females on Chrs 2 (13 Mb), 10 (88 Mb), and 17 (28 Mb) and in four males on Chrs 1 (159 Mb), 3 (52 and 58 Mb), and 16 (74 Mb). Except for the QTL on Chr 9 and 16, all loci co‐localized with IGF‐1 QTL previously identified in other mouse crosses. The most significant locus was the QTL on Chr 10, which contains the Igf1 gene and which had a LOD score of 31.8. Haplotype analysis among 28 domesticated inbred strains revealed a major QTL on Chr 10 overlapping with the QTL identified in the F2 mice. This locus showed three major haplotypes; strains with haplotype 1 had significantly lower plasma IGF‐1 and extended longevity (P < 0.05) than strains with haplotype 2 or 3. Bioinformatic analysis, combined with sequencing and expression studies, showed that Igf1 is the most likely QTL gene, but that other genes may also play a role in this strong QTL.