bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construction and evaluation of a metabolic correlation diagnostic model for diabetes based on machine learning algorithms
Authors: Xu Qiong , Zhou Yina , Lou Jianfen , Fu Yanhua , Lu Yunzhu , Xu Mengli 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a prevalent chronic disease marked by significant metabolic dysfunctions. Understanding its molecular mechanisms is vital for early diagnosis and treatment strategies.MethodsWe used datasets GSE7014, GSE25724, and GSE156248 from the GEO database to build a diagnostic model for DM using Random Forest (RF) and LASSO regression models. GSE20966 served as a validation cohort. DM patients were classified into two subtypes for functional enrichment analysis. Expression levels of key diagnostic genes were validated using quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) on Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) from DM patients and healthy controls, focusing on CXCL12 and PPP1R12B with GAPDH as the internal control.ResultsAfter de‐batching the datasets, we identified 131 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between DM and control groups, with 70 up‐regulated and 61 down‐regulated. Enrichment analysis revealed significant down‐regulation in the IL‐12 signaling pathway, JAK signaling post‐IL‐12 stimulation, and the ferroptosis pathway in DM. Five genes (CXCL12, MXRA5, UCHL1, PPP1R12B, and C7) were identified as having diagnostic value. The diagnostic model showed high accuracy in both the training and validation cohorts. The gene set also enabled the subclassification of DM patients into groups with distinct functional traits. qRT‐PCR results confirmed the bioinformatics findings, particularly the up‐regulation of CXCL12 and PPP1R12B in DM patients.ConclusionOur study pinpointed seven energy metabolism‐related genes differentially expressed in DM and controls, with five holding diagnostic value. Our model accurately diagnosed DM and facilitated patient subclassification, offering new insights into DM pathogenesis.
Eosinophils and risk of ulcerative colitis in European population: Evidence from Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Shao Yijia , Liu Cong , Wang Xiuqi , Zhou Wei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundObservational studies have indicated that peripheral blood eosinophil count is elevated in individuals diagnosed with ulcerative colitis (UC) and correlates with the disease activity of UC. However, this conclusion contradicts with findings from other studies. Therefore, we employed Mendelian randomization (MR) method to assess the genetic link between eosinophil count and UC.MethodThis MR study utilized summary data from genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) on eosinophil count and UC. The main approach used for conducting MR analysis was the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method. Meta‐analysis of the IVW results was performed alongside multiple sensitivity analyses to confirm the robustness of the MR analysis results.ResultsThe IVW method unveiled a causal relationship between eosinophil count and UC (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.04–1.33, p = .01) in the discovery cohort. This finding was further corroborated by the replication cohorts (OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.04–1.29, p = .01; OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.01–1.24, p = .03). The meta‐analysis indicated that the overall odds ratio (OR) for all studies was 1.15 (common effect model, 95% CI: 1.08–1.23, p < .01). Sensitivity analysis suggested the absence of heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy in all MR analyses.ConclusionBased on bidirectional two‐sample MR analysis, there is an indication that elevated eosinophil count may increase the risk of UC. However, potential confounding factors cannot be ruled out, and further research is necessary to explore how eosinophils contribute to the onset and progression of UC.
Hungary, the EU and Russia’s War Against Ukraine: The Changing Dynamics of EU Foreign Policymaking
Authors: Müller Patrick , Slominski Peter 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe Hungarian government led by the populist radical right (PRR) Fidesz party, which came to power in 2010, soon gained a reputation for reorganizing domestic state institutions in line with its illiberal political agenda. This triggered a process of democratic backsliding that brought Hungary in growing conflict with the EU, which cumulated in the Commission triggering the EU’s new conditionality mechanism against Hungary in April 2022. Applying a model of cross-sectoral bargaining, this article argues that the EU’s conflict with Hungary over democratic backsliding and rule of law issues has increasingly been linked to foreign policy matters, most notably the EU’s aid package to Ukraine. While negotiations in the EU’s Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) have long been considered as taking place in an ‘insulated setting’, our findings point to a growing instrumentalization of foreign policy for achieving gains in intra-EU politics. On a more general level, this speaks to broader arguments related to the populist ‘domestication’ of foreign policy.
Still Normative Power Europe? The Perception of the EU in Ukraine Amidst the Russian War of Aggression
Authors: Zarembo Kateryna 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWhile the EU still seems to possess considerable normative power in Ukraine, i.e. the power to define what is normal and set certain standards in various domains, it has not been unchallenged in the history of EU-Ukraine relations. This chapter explores the extent to which “Normative Power Europe” has been reappraised in Ukraine in the wake of the Russian full-scale invasion of 2022. Based on interviews with Ukrainian civil society representatives, this chapter embraces the constructivist worldview and traces the perception of “Normative Power Europe” through three categories: affinity, authority and legitimacy.
Keywords
Authors: Moreno-Ortiz Antonio 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis chapter tackles the task of keyword extraction from corpora. Keywords are extremely helpful to quickly identify the terms (and their associated concepts) that somehow define what a corpus is about. After a quick revision of the concept of keyword, I focus on the different methods that have been proposed to extract keywords effectively and efficiently. A key distinction is made between the reference-corpus method traditionally employed in corpus linguistics and the various methods that have been proposed in Natural Language Processing research. Through several experiments, the CCTC is explored using some of the most outstanding methods proposed to date, and a contrastive description of the results is offered.
Tyrosine kinase 2 modulates splenic B cells through type I IFN and TLR7 signaling
Authors: Bodega-Mayor Irene , Delgado-Wicke Pablo , Arrabal Alejandro , Alegría-Carrasco Estíbaliz , Nicolao-Gómez Ana , Jaén-Castaño Marta , Espadas Cristina , Dopazo Ana , de Luis Enrique Vázquez , Martín-Gayo Enrique , Gaspar María Luisa , de Andrés Belén , Fernández-Ruiz Elena 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) is involved in type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling through IFN receptor 1 (IFNAR1). This signaling pathway is crucial in the early antiviral response and remains incompletely understood on B cells. Therefore, to understand the role of TYK2 in B cells, we studied these cells under homeostatic conditions and following in vitro activation using Tyk2-deficient (Tyk2−/−) mice. Splenic B cell subpopulations were altered in Tyk2−/− compared to wild type (WT) mice. Marginal zone (MZ) cells were decreased and aged B cells (ABC) were increased, whereas follicular (FO) cells remained unchanged. Likewise, there was an imbalance in transitional B cells in juvenile Tyk2−/− mice. RNA sequencing analysis of adult MZ and FO cells isolated from Tyk2−/− and WT mice in homeostasis revealed altered expression of IFN-I and Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) signaling pathway genes. Flow cytometry assays corroborated a lower expression of TLR7 in MZ B cells from Tyk2−/− mice. Splenic B cell cultures showed reduced proliferation and differentiation responses after activation with TLR7 ligands in Tyk2−/− compared to WT mice, with a similar response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or anti-CD40 + IL-4. IgM, IgG, IL-10 and IL-6 secretion was also decreased in Tyk2−/− B cell cultures. This reduced response of the TLR7 pathway in Tyk2−/− mice was partially restored by IFNα addition. In conclusion, there is a crosstalk between TYK2 and TLR7 mediated by an IFN-I feedback loop, which contributes to the establishment of MZ B cells and to B cell proliferation and differentiation.
Neueste Entwicklungen bei der akuten Nierenschädigung
Authors: Mayerhöfer Timo , Perschinka Fabian , Joannidis Michael 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungDie akute Nierenschädigung (AKI) ist v. a. bei kritisch kranken Patient:innen ein häufiges Problem, das mit einer deutlich erhöhten Morbidität und Mortalität einhergeht. Definiert ist die AKI seit 2012 nach den Leitlinien der Initiative Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). Da mittlerweile einige Biomarker verfügbar sind, die nützliche klinische Informationen liefern können, wurde von einer Expert:innen-Gruppe der Acute Disease Quality Initiative (ADQI) eine neue Definition unter Einbeziehung eines neuen Stadiums 1S vorgeschlagen. In diesem Stadium sind die klassischen AKI-Kriterien noch nicht erfüllt, jedoch Biomarker im Sinne eines subklinischen AKI bereits positiv, was wiederum – unabhängig vom gewählten Biomarker – bereits mit einem schlechteren Outcome assoziiert ist. In der PrevAKI- und PrevAKI-Multicenter-Studie konnte zudem gezeigt werden, dass durch eine Risikoeinstufung mithilfe eines Biomarkers und eine daran geschaltete konsequente Umsetzung des sog. KDIGO-Bündels (in der Hochrisikogruppe) die Rate an moderater und schwerer AKI reduziert werden kann. Im Bereich der Therapie steht mangels erfolgreicher klinischer Studien weiterhin das konservative Management im Vordergrund. Hier ist v. a. eine Optimierung der Hämodynamik sowie ein individuelles (eher restriktives) Flüssigkeitsmanagement zu nennen. Im Bereich der Nierenersatztherapie hat die STARRT-AKI-Studie gezeigt, dass ein beschleunigter Beginn keine Vorteile bringt. Ein zu langes Hinauszögern könnte für die Patient:innen jedoch mit einem potenziellen Schaden verbunden sein, wie in der AKIKI2-Studie gezeigt wurde. Inwiefern auch bei der AKI künstliche Intelligenz in Zukunft eine Rolle spielt, bei Therapieentscheidungen unterstützen und somit auch das Outcome von AKI-Patient:innen verbessern kann, muss noch in prospektiven Studien gezeigt werden.
Knowledge and competences in hematological malignancies amongst radiation oncology residents in Germany—results from a national survey
Authors: Rehn Stephan , Oertel Michael , Linde Philipp , Mäurer Matthias , Elsayad Khaled , Pepper Niklas B. , Rolf Daniel , Kahn Jenna M. , Plastaras John P. , Gunther Jillian R. , Eich Hans T. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Radiation oncology is a pivotal modality in the treatment of hematologic malignancies. To enable state-of-the-art patient care, structured education during residency is essential. However, given the lack of detailed data, the scope of educational opportunities available to trainees remains elusive. This prompted our group to perform a national survey amongst radiation oncology residents in Germany assessing the status quo of competences in the treatment of lymphoma and leukemia patients. Furthermore, areas of potential improvement were identified to further the goal of competence-based education for residents.

Methods
A survey-based analysis was conducted to assess the knowledge and competence of radiation oncology residents in Germany regarding hematological malignancies. A decisive questionnaire covering demographics, self-assessment of competences, and areas for improvement was developed in adaption of a survey by the Association of Residents in Radiation Oncology and distributed amongst 1439 members of the German Society of Radiation Oncology. Responses were collected anonymously via an online survey tool and analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests.

Results
A total of 59 complete and 22 partial responses were collected, yielding a 5.6% response rate. Participants’ competence varied, with notable experience gaps in pediatric cases, proton therapy, and large-field techniques like total-skin irradiation or pediatric total body irradiation. While participants felt confident in treatment planning and patient counseling, they showed deficiencies in the definition of the planning target volume for modern involved site radiotherapy. Resources for education included national and international guidelines, scientific reviews, and textbooks. Board-certified radiation oncologists and physicians from specialized lymphoma centers demonstrated higher overall competence levels.

Conclusion
This survey highlights the diversity of resident education regarding hematological malignancies in German radiation oncology programs. Knowledge gaps exist in key areas, including pediatric cases and specialized techniques. Competence-based education, interactive teaching formats, and rotations to specialized centers are potential strategies to address these gaps. The study contributes to the understanding of the federal educational landscape, underscoring the need for standardized and comprehensive training to ensure optimal patient care in hematological malignancies within the context of radiation oncology. Further research and collaborations are warranted to enhance training and expertise in this critical domain.
Grundlagen für die wissenschaftliche Nutzung umfangreicher Versorgungsdaten in Deutschland – Ergebnisse der AG Data Sharing der Medizininformatik-Initiative
Authors: Kirsten Toralf , Kleinert Philip , Gebhardt Marie , Drepper Johannes , Andreeff Anne-Katrin , Prasser Fabian , Kohlbacher Oliver 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungVersorgungsdaten stellen eine wichtige Ressource in der angewandten medizinischen Forschung dar. Sie liegen multizentrisch vor. Es bleibt jedoch eine Herausforderung, standardisierte Datenaustauschprozesse zwischen Bundesländern und ihren individuellen Gesetzen und Vorschriften zu ermöglichen. Die Medizininformatik-Initiative (MII) wurde im Jahr 2016 gegründet, um Prozesse zu implementieren, die einen klinikübergreifenden Zugriff auf Versorgungsdaten in Deutschland ermöglichen. Mehrere eingerichtete Arbeitsgruppen konzipieren standardisierte Datenstrukturen (AG Interoperabilität), Patienteninformationen und Einwilligungserklärungen (AG Consent) sowie Regelungen zum Datenaustausch (AG Data Sharing). Hier stellen wir die wichtigsten Ergebnisse der Arbeitsgruppe Data Sharing vor, die unter anderem abgestimmte Nutzungsbedingungen, rechtliche Regelung und Datenzugriffsprozesse enthalten. Diese werden bereits von den etablierten „Datenintegrationszentren“ (DIZ) und „Use and Access Committees“ (UACs) umgesetzt. Wir beschreiben die Dienste, die notwendig sind, um Forschenden einen standardisierten Datenzugang zu ermöglichen. Sie werden u. a. mit dem Forschungsdatenportal für Gesundheit (FDPG) umgesetzt. Auf dieser Basis wurden seit der Pilotphase die Prozesse von 406 aktiven Forschenden verwendet, was zum Stand April 2024 zu 19 registrierten Projekten und 31 eingereichten Forschungsanträgen geführt hat.
Pregnancy complications and childhood mental health: is the association modified by sex or adverse social circumstances? Findings from the ‘growing up in Ireland’ national infant cohort study
Authors: Butler Emma , Clarke Mary , Spirtos Michelle , Keeffe Linda M O’ , Dooley Niamh 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSpecific pregnancy complications, socioeconomic position and sex have all been independently associated with child mental health outcomes, but their combined effects remain unclear. We examined whether total number of complications experienced in the pregnancy associated with mental health at 5 and 9-years, and whether this varied by sex or adverse social circumstances. Pregnancy complications were self-reported at 9-months post-natally from a list of 16 complications. Parents completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) when their child was 5 and 9-years. The primary outcome was the SDQ-total and scoring in the clinical range (> 16) was a secondary outcome. We applied generalized linear mixed models to a large nationally representative Irish cohort (GUI; n = 11,134). Analyses were adjusted for sex, adverse social circumstances (at 9-months), and gestational smoking. We included an interaction term between pregnancy complications and each variable respectively in separate models to examine if associations varied by sex or adverse circumstances.After controlling for covariates, total complications associated with mental health at 5 and 9-years. Each additional pregnancy complication conferred a 10% higher total-SDQ score (exponentiated co-efficient 1.10 [95%CI 1.06–1.14], 1.20 [1.15–1.26], 1.20 [1.12–1.29] and 1.34 [1.21–1.48] for 1, 2, 3 and 4 + complications respectively). For the dichotomised outcome, generally increasing odds for clinical levels of mental health difficulties were observed (OR 1complication = 1.89, 95%CI [1.37–2.59]; OR 2complications = 2.31, 95%CI [1.53–3.50]; OR 3complications = 1.77, 95%CI [0.89–3.52]; OR 4 + complications = 6.88, 95%CI [3.29–14.40]). Females had significantly lower odds of exhibiting clinically significant mental health difficulties than males (OR = 0.43, 95%CI[0.32–0.57]).There was no evidence that the association between pregnancy complications and child’s mental health varied by sex or social circumstances at 5 or 9-years. Males exposed to numerous pregnancy complications in the context of adverse social circumstances had the highest predicted probability of having mental health difficulties in middle childhood.
Creative evolution in economics
Authors: Devereaux Abigail , Koppl Roger , Kauffman Stuart 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe develop a representation of creative evolution in economics based on the theory of the adjacent possible. We start by introducing an epistemological framework for economic theorizing that copes with unknowability and the unlistability of possibility spaces. From this framework, we discuss the use of knowledge in creatively evolving systems and derive four main results: that local knowledge is itself a mechanism of movement through the adjacent possible; that all action is entrepreneurial action; that causality is ambiguous; and that individuals can agree to disagree. We then apply these results to decision-making, innovation, and the emergence of institutions and commons in creatively evolving systems.
A unified approach to inequalities for K-functionals and moduli of smoothness
Authors: Gogatishvili Amiran , Opic Bohumír , Tikhonov Sergey , Trebels Walter 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe paper provides a detailed study of crucial inequalities for smoothness and interpolation characteristics in rearrangement invariant Banach function spaces. We present a unified approach based on Holmstedt formulas to obtain these estimates. As examples, we derive new inequalities for moduli of smoothness and K-functionals in various Lorentz spaces.
Spiced-marinating injection brine effect on the entire pork quality
Authors: Zapata Elvira , Egea Macarena , Peñaranda Irene , Garrido María Dolores , Linares María Belén 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSearching for new alternatives to commercialize pork from entire male pigs that could be affected by a boar taint sensory defect would be adequate. In this study, two different marinade mixtures (additives, salt, white wine plus different spices for mixture 1 and 2) were injected into pork loin pieces from castrated (C1 and C2) and entire male pigs (E1 and E2) with a high boar taint level (5.51 µg.g−1 AND and 0.73 µg.g−1 SKA) to evaluate their effect on the physicochemical and sensory quality of pork, and to assess their boar taint masking properties. To achieve this, physicochemical and sensory analyses with trained panellists were carried out. Marinated meat showed some differences in colour and a reduction in cooking losses. Mixture 2 achieved the best boar taint masking effect, due to spices content mainly nutmeg and ginger, and other ingredients such as white wine. In conclusion, marinating pork from entire male pigs can contribute to achieving an acceptable quality standard.
Improved adherence to statin treatment and differences in results between men and women after pictorial risk communication—a sub-study of the VIPVIZA RCT
Authors: Holmberg Henrik , Glader Eva-Lotta , Näslund Ulf , Carlberg Bo , Sönnerstam Eva , Norberg Margareta , Själander Anders 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
People with intermediate CVD risk constitute most of the population. Within this group, the proportion of events is lower compared to the high-risk group, but they contribute with the largest absolute number of events. Atherosclerosis is a dynamic process and progression can be slowed or even reversed with medication and lifestyle changes, but adherence to prescribed treatment is crucial.

Aim
To investigate the long-term effects of interventions with pictorial risk communication of cardiovascular (CVD) risk on average adherence in a group of statin users. Compare response in adherence over time between men and women after intervention.

Methods
Participants on active statin treatment were followed up to 5 years after being randomly assigned to an intervention program aimed at raising CVD risk awareness among participants and their physicians. Merging prescribed medication databases with VIPVIZA study to study adherence over time. A moving average adherence was used to compare groups.

Results
Generally, the average adherence to statins among the 512 participants was high. Men had a higher average adherence over time, while women had a sharper increase in adherence in conjuncture with the intervention program.

Conclusions
Both men and women were receptive to pictorial information regarding CVD risk, but the intervention effect was more pronounced in women. Sex differences are important when considering risk communication strategies. Periodically repeating the intervention was beneficial for maintaining the intervention effect over time.

Trial registration
The VIPVIZA study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, May 8, 2013, number NCT01849575.
Hitching a Ride in the Phyllosphere: Surfactant Production of Pseudomonas spp. Causes Co-swarming of Pantoea eucalypti 299R
Authors: Kunzler Michael , Schlechter Rudolf O. , Schreiber Lukas , Remus-Emsermann Mitja N. P. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHere, we demonstrate the beneficial effect of surfactant-producing pseudomonads on Pantoea eucalypti 299R. We conducted a series of experiments in environments of increasing complexity. P. eucalypti 299R (Pe299R), and Pseudomonas sp. FF1 (Pff1) or Pe299R and surfactant-production deficient Pseudomonas sp. FF1::ΔviscB (Pff1ΔviscB) were co-inoculated in broth, on swarming agar plates, and on plants. In broth, there were no differences in the growth dynamics of Pe299R when growing in the presence of Pff1 or Pff1ΔviscB. By contrast, on swarming agar plates, Pe299R was able to co-swarm with Pff1 which led to a significant increase in Pe299R biomass compared to Pe299R growing with Pff1ΔviscB or in monoculture. Finally in planta, and using the single-cell bioreporter for reproductive success (CUSPER), we found a temporally distinct beneficial effect of Pff1 on co-inoculated Pe299R subpopulations that did not occur in the presence of Pff1ΔviscB. We tested three additional surfactant-producing pseudomonads and their respective surfactant knockout mutants on PE299R on swarming agar showing similar results. This led us to propose a model for the positive effect of surfactant production during leaf colonization. Our results indicate that co-motility might be common during leaf colonization and adds yet another facet to the already manyfold roles of surfactants.