bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hematology and clinical chemistry of adult yellow‐headed temple turtles (Hieremys annandalii) in Thailand
Authors: Chansue Nantarika , Sailasuta Achariya , Tangtrongpiros Jirasak , Wangnaitham Supradit , Assawawongkasem Nongnut 
Published: March 2011

Background:Yellow‐headed temple turtles (YHT),Hieremys annandalii, native to Thailand, are protected from exploitation under the Wild Animal Reservation and Protection Act, also listed under Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species and the International Union for the Conservation of Nature red list.Objectives:The objectives of this study were to describe quantitative, morphologic, and cytochemical features of blood cells and plasma biochemical analytes of clinically healthy YHT.Methods:Blood samples were collected from 40 adult YHT from October 2007 to February 2008. Hematologic and biochemical analyses, cytochemical staining, and ultrastructural evaluation were performed using standard methods.Results:Hematologic results (mean ± SD) included: RBC count, 0.275 ± .094 × 106 cells/μL; WBC count, 11.7 ± 6.6 × 103 cells/μL; heterophils, 29.4 ± 6.9%; eosinophils, 23.7 ± 5.3%; basophils, 21.2 ± 1.9%; lymphocytes, 14.8 ± 5.9%; and azurophils, 10.7 ± 5.3%. Erythrocytes stained dark red with peroxidase‐staining. Periodic acid‐Schiff stain could not differentiate between thrombocytes and lymphocytes. Thrombocytes contained cytoplasmic vacuoles, similar to mammalian platelets and those of birds and snakes. Heterophils and eosinophils were similar in structure and cytochemical staining characteristics to those of other turtles and reptiles. Structure of basophils was similar to avian basophils. Lymphocytes and azurophils had similar cytochemical staining compared with mammalian lymphocytes and monocytes. Mean MCHC, WBC counts, absolute azurophil counts, and plasma alanine aminotransferase activity were higher in male turtles than in females.Conclusion:Blood characteristics of YHT are species‐specific, and this study can be served as a reference for future clinical studies and medical care of YHT.
Evaluation of the quantitative accuracy of a commercially available positron emission mammography scanner
Authors: Springer Adam , Mawlawi Osama R. 
Published: March 2011

Purpose:The PEM Flex Solo II (Naviscan, Inc., San Diego, CA) is currently the only commercially available positron emission mammography (PEM) scanner. This scanner does not apply corrections for count rate effects, attenuation, or scatter during image reconstruction, potentially affecting the quantitative accuracy of images. The aim of this work is to measure the overall quantitative accuracy of the PEM Flex system and to determine the individual contributions of error from count rate effects, attenuation, and scatter.Methods:Gelatin phantoms were designed to simulate breasts of different thicknesses (4–12 cm) with varying uniform background activity concentration (AC), cysts, and lesions (2:1, 5:1, and 10:1 lesion‐to‐background ratios). The overall error was calculated from ROI measurements in the phantoms with a clinically relevant background AC . The error due to count rate effects was determined by comparing the overall error at multiple background AC to the error at a very low background AC where count rate effects are considered negligible. A point source and cold gelatin phantoms of different thicknesses were used to assess the errors due to attenuation and scatter. The maximum pixel values of the point source in gelatin and in air were compared to determine the effect of attenuation, while scatter was evaluated by comparing the sum of all pixel values in gelatin and in air.Results:The AC in the uniform background was underestimated in phantoms of all thicknesses, with the exception of the 4‐cm‐thick phantoms in which the measured AC was within ±7% of the true value . The degree of underestimation in the uniform background increased with the phantom thickness, up to in the 12 cm phantoms. The AC in all lesions was underestimated by more than that measured in the background (22% for the 2:1 lesions in the 4 cm phantom) and this underestimation increased with increasing thickness and lesion‐to‐background ratio (85% for the 10:1 lesions in the 12 cm phantoms). The error due to count rate effects reduced the measured AC with respect to its true value. This error increased with increasing background AC ( at to at for the 4 cm phantoms) and decreased with increasing phantom thickness ( for the 4‐cm‐thick phantoms to for the 12‐cm‐thick phantoms at ). Attenuation was a substantial source of error and reduced the measured AC by in the 4–12 cm phantoms, respectively. Scatter increased the total signal measured in images by a relatively constant amount for all thicknesses.Conclusions:Applying corrections for count rate effects, attenuation, and scatter will be essential for the PEM Flex Solo II to be able to produce quantitatively accurate images.
Simultaneous Detection of Antibodies to Mouse Hepatitis Virus Recombinant Structural Proteins by a Microsphere-Based Multiplex Fluorescence Immunoassay
Authors: Kunita Satoshi , Kato Kanako , Ishida Miyuki , Hagiwara Kozue , Kameda Shuko , Ishida Tomoko , Takakura Akira , Goto Kazuo , Sugiyama Fumihiro , Yagami Ken-ichi 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTWe describe a new microsphere-based multiplex fluorescent immunoassay (MFI) using recombinant mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) proteins to detect antibodies to coronaviruses in mouse and rat sera. All the recombinant proteins, including nucleocapsid (N) and 3 subunits of spike protein, S1, S2, and Smid, showed positive reactivity in MFI with mouse antisera to 4 MHV strains (MHV-S, -A59, -JHM, and -Nu67) and rat antiserum to a strain of sialodacryoadenitis virus (SDAV-681). The MFI was evaluated for its diagnostic power, with panels of mouse sera classified as positive or negative for anti-MHV antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using MHV virion antigen and indirect fluorescent antibody assay. The reactivities of 236 naturally infected mouse sera were examined; 227 samples were positive by MFI using S2 antigen (96% sensitivity), and 208 samples were positive using N antigen (88% sensitivity). Based on the assessment by MFI using the S2 and N antigens, only 3 serum samples showed double-negative results, indicating a false-negative rate of 1.3%. In 126 uninfected mouse sera, including 34 ELISA false-positive sera, only 7 samples showed false-positive results by MFI using either the S2 or N antigen (94% specificity). Similarly, the S2 and N antigen-based MFI was 98% sensitive and 100% specific in detecting anticoronavirus antibodies in rat sera. Thus, this MFI-based serologic assay using the S2 and N antigens promises to be a reliable diagnostic method, representing a highly sensitive and specific alternative to traditional ELISA for detection of coronavirus infections in laboratory mouse and rat colonies.
Culture Phenotypes of Genomically and Geographically Diverse Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Isolates from Different Hosts
Authors: Whittington Richard J. , Marsh Ian B. , Saunders Vanessa , Grant Irene R. , Juste Ramon , Sevilla Iker A. , Manning Elizabeth J. B. , Whitlock Robert H. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACT

Mycobacterium avium
subsp.
paratuberculosis
causes paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) in ruminants in most countries. Historical data suggest substantial differences in culturability of
M. avium
subsp.
paratuberculosis
isolates from small ruminants and cattle; however, a systematic comparison of culture media and isolates from different countries and hosts has not been undertaken. Here, 35 field isolates from the United States, Spain, Northern Ireland, and Australia were propagated in Bactec 12B medium and Middlebrook 7H10 agar, genomically characterized, and subcultured to Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ), Herrold's egg yolk (HEY), modified Middlebrook 7H10, Middlebrook 7H11, and Watson-Reid (WR) agars, all with and without mycobactin J and some with sodium pyruvate. Fourteen genotypes of
M. avium
subsp.
paratuberculosis
were represented as determined by BstEII IS
900
and IS
1311
restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. There was no correlation between genotype and overall culturability, although most S strains tended to grow poorly on HEY agar. Pyruvate was inhibitory to some isolates. All strains grew on modified Middlebrook 7H10 agar but more slowly and less prolifically on LJ agar. Mycobactin J was required for growth on all media except 7H11 agar, but growth was improved by the addition of mycobactin J to 7H11 agar. WR agar supported the growth of few isolates. The differences in growth of
M. avium
subsp.
paratuberculosis
that have historically been reported in diverse settings have been strongly influenced by the type of culture medium used. When an optimal culture medium, such as modified Middlebrook 7H10 agar, is used, very little difference between the growth phenotypes of diverse strains of
M. avium
subsp.
paratuberculosis
was observed. This optimal medium is recommended to remove bias in the isolation and cultivation of
M. avium
subsp.
paratuberculosis
.
An Early HIV Mutation within an HLA-B*57-Restricted T Cell Epitope Abrogates Binding to the Killer Inhibitory Receptor 3DL1
Authors: Brackenridge Simon , Evans Edward J. , Toebes Mireille , Goonetilleke Nilu , Liu Michael K. P. , di Gleria Kati , Schumacher Ton N. , Davis Simon J. , McMichael Andrew J. , Gillespie Geraldine M. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTMutations within MHC class I-restricted epitopes have been studied in relation to T cell-mediated immune escape, but their impact on NK cells via interaction with killer Ig-like receptors (KIRs) during early HIV infection is poorly understood. In two patients acutely infected with HIV-1, we observed the appearance of a mutation within the B*57-restricted TW10 epitope (G9E) that did not facilitate strong escape from T cell recognition. The NK cell receptor KIR3DL1, carried by these patients, is known to recognize HLA-B*5703 and is associated with good control of HIV-1. Therefore, we tested whether the G9E mutation influenced the binding of HLA-B*5703 to soluble KIR3DL1 protein by surface plasmon resonance, and while the wild-type sequence and a second (T3N) variant were recognized, the G9E variant abrogated KIR3DL1 binding. We extended the study to determine the peptide sensitivity of KIR3DL1 interaction with epitopes carrying mutations near the C termini of TW10 and a second HLA-B*57-restricted epitope, IW9. Several amino acid changes interfered with KIR3DL1 binding, the most extreme of which included the G9E mutation commonly selected by HLA-B*57. Our results imply that during HIV-1 infection, some early-emerging variants could affect KIR-HLA interaction, with possible implications for immune recognition.
Inhibition of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus RNA Synthesis by Thiosemicarbazone Derived from 5,6-Dimethoxy-1-Indanone
Authors: Castro Eliana F. , Fabian Lucas E. , Caputto María E. , Gagey Dolores , Finkielsztein Liliana M. , Moltrasio Graciela Y. , Moglioni Albertina G. , Campos Rodolfo H. , Cavallaro Lucía V. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACT
In the present work, we described the activity of the thiosemicarbazone derived from 5,6-dimethoxy-1-indanone (TSC), which we previously characterized as a new compound that inhibits bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection. We showed that TSC acts at a point of time that coincides with the onset of viral RNA synthesis and that it inhibits the activity of BVDV replication complexes (RCs). Moreover, we have selected five BVDV mutants that turned out to be highly resistant to TSC but still susceptible to ribavirin (RBV). Four of these resistant mutants carried an N264D mutation in the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). The remaining mutant showed an A392E mutation within the same protein. Some of these mutants replicated slower than the wild-type (wt) virus in the absence of TSC, whereas others showed a partial reversion to the wt phenotype over several passages in the absence of the compound. The docking of TSC in the crystal structure of the BVDV RdRp revealed a close contact between the indane ring of the compound and several residues within the fingers domain of the enzyme, some hydrophobic contacts, and hydrogen bonds with the thiosemicarbazone group. Finally, in the mutated RdRp from resistant BVDV, these interactions with TSC could not be achieved. Interestingly, TSC inhibited BVDV replication in cell culture synergistically with RBV. In conclusion, TSC emerges as a new nonnucleoside inhibitor of BVDV RdRp that is synergistic with RBV, a feature that turns it into a potential compound to be evaluated against hepatitis C virus (HCV).
Antineuroinflammatory constituents from the root extract of Paris verticillata
Authors: Kim Ki Hyun , Lee Kyu Ha , Kim Ho Kyung , Moon Eunjung , Kim Sung-Hoon , Kim Sun Yeou , Kim Kyung Ran , Lee Kang Ro 
Published: March 2011

Two new cyclopropanoic fatty acid glycosides, named parisveroside A (1) and parisveroside B (2), were isolated from a MeOH extract of the roots of Paris verticillata (Liliaceae) together with three other known compounds, salicin (3), 3-(β-d-glucopyranosyloxymethyl)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-(3-hydroxypropyl)-7-methoxy-(2R,3S)-dihydrobenzofuran (4), and allantoin (5). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data, including 1D and 2D NMR, HR-FAB-MS, and chemical evidence. To investigate the antineuroinflammatory effects of the isolated compounds (1–5), nitric oxide (NO) production was evaluated in the lipopolysaccharide-activated microglia cell line, BV-2. Compounds 2 and 4 significantly inhibited NO production with IC50 values of 74.8 and 60.5 µmol/L, respectively.
Transfer Pricing of Taiwan's Listing/OTC Enterprises Between Mainland China and Taiwan: Quantile Regression Analysis
Authors: Huang Chung-Jian , Kao Chau-Jung , Shyu So-De , Yu Chao-Hung 
Published: March 2011

The main purpose of this paper is to explore the issue of enterprise's transfer pricing which has been noticed by tax administrations of many nations in recent years. The academia has also striven to develop models for interpreting transfer pricing and assessing transfer pricing profit of enterprises. A precise model is applied in this study to interpret enterprise's transfer pricing in practice. Furthermore, this model is also used to assess the transfer pricing profit of listing/OTC electronics companies in Taiwan and study the factors affecting transfer pricing profit. The empirical results show that material expense ratio significantly impacts transfer pricing profit. Corporate income tax expenses are positively and significantly correlated with net incomes of corporate transfer pricing transactions. This study also finds that regardless of whether the net income of corporate transfer pricing transactions is high, medium, or low, the proportion of material costs is positively and significantly correlated with the net income of corporate transfer pricing transactions in all scenarios. Higher profit will be affected by exchange rate. This suggests that companies involved in wafer fabrication, IC packaging and testing, and DRAM packaging and testing (subcontractors with relatively low material costs) are less likely to be involved in transfer pricing decisions.
CRITÈRES D'IRRÉDUCTIBILITÉ POUR LES REPRÉSENTATIONS DES COURBES ELLIPTIQUES
Authors: BILLEREY NICOLAS 
Published: March 2011

Soit E une courbe elliptique définie sur un corps de nombres K. On dit qu'un nombre premier p est réductible pour le couple (E, K) si E admet une p-isogénie définie sur K. L'ensemble de tous ces nombres premiers est fini si et seulement si E n'a pas de multiplication complexe définie sur K. Dans cet article, on montre que l'ensemble des nombres premiers réductibles pour le couple (E, K) est contenu dans l'ensemble des diviseurs premiers d'une liste explicite d'entiers (dépendant de E et de K) dont une infinité d'entre eux est non nulle. Cela fournit un algorithme efficace de calcul dans le cas fini. D'autres critères moins généraux, mais néanmoins utiles sont donnés ainsi que de nombreux exemples numériques. Let E be an elliptic curve defined over a number field K. We say that a prime number p is reducible for (E, K) if E admits a p-isogeny defined over K. The so-called reducible set of all such prime numbers is finite if and only if E does not have complex multiplication over K. In this paper, we prove that the reducible set is included in the set of prime divisors of an explicit list of integers (depending on E and K), infinitely many of them being non-zero. It provides an efficient algorithm for computing it in the finite case. Other less general but rather useful criteria are given, as well as many numerical examples.
Hybrid Algorithms of Common Solutions of Generalized Mixed Equilibrium Problems and the Common Variational Inequality Problems with Applications
Authors: Jitpeera Thanyarat , Witthayarat Uamporn , Kumam Poom 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe introduce new iterative algorithms by hybrid method for finding a common element of the set of solutions of fixed points of infinite family of nonexpansive mappings, the set of common solutions of generalized mixed equilibrium problems, and the set of common solutions of the variational inequality with inverse-strongly monotone mappings in a real Hilbert space. We prove the strong convergence of the proposed iterative method under some suitable conditions. Finally, we apply our results to complementarity problems and optimization problems. Our results improve and extend the results announced by many others.
Inhibition of HIF Prolyl Hydroxylase-2 Blocks Tumor Growth in Mice through the Antiproliferative Activity of TGFβ
Authors: Ameln Anne Klotzsche-von , Muschter Antje , Mamlouk Soulafa , Kalucka Joanna , Prade Ina , Franke Kristin , Rezaei Maryam , Poitz David M. , Breier Georg , Wielockx Ben 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Virtually all solid tumors are dependent on a vascular network to provide them with the right amount of nutrients and oxygen. In that sense, low oxygen tension or hypoxia leads to an adaptive response that is transcriptionally regulated by the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF), which are tightly controlled by the HIF prolyl hydroxylases (PHD). In this study, we show that inhibition of the oxygen sensor PHD2 in tumor cells stimulates vessel formation but paradoxically results in a profound reduction of tumor growth. This effect relies on the antiproliferative nature of the TGFβ signaling pathway, in a largely HIF-independent manner. Moreover, our findings reveal that PHD2 has an essential function in controlling the dual nature of TGFβ during tumorigenesis and may offer an alternative opportunity for anticancer therapy. Cancer Res; 71(9); 3306–16. ©2011 AACR.
Genetic Variability of Smoking Persistence in African Americans
Authors: Hamidovic Ajna , Kasberger John L. , Young Taylor R. , Goodloe Robert J. , Redline Susan , Buxbaum Sarah G. , Benowitz Neal L. , Bergen Andrew W. , Butler Kenneth R. , Franceschini Nora , Gharib Sina A. , Hitsman Brian , Levy Daniel , Meng Yan , Papanicolaou George J. , Preis Sarah R. , Spring Bonnie , Styn Mindi A. , Tong Elisa K. , White Wendy B. , Wiggins Kerri L. , Jorgenson Eric 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
To date, most genetic association analyses of smoking behaviors have been conducted in populations of European ancestry and many of these studies focused on the phenotype that measures smoking quantity, that is, cigarettes per day. Additional association studies in diverse populations with different linkage disequilibrium patterns and an alternate phenotype, such as total tobacco exposure which accounts for intermittent periods of smoking cessation within a larger smoking period as measured in large cardiovascular risk studies, can aid the search for variants relevant to smoking behavior. For these reasons, we undertook an association analysis by using a genotyping array that includes 2,100 genes to analyze smoking persistence in unrelated African American participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. A locus located approximately 4 kb downstream from the 3′-UTR of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) significantly influenced smoking persistence. In addition, independent variants rs12915366 and rs12914385 in the cluster of genes encoding nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits (CHRNA5–CHRNA3–CHRNB4) on 15q25.1 were also associated with the phenotype in this sample of African American subjects. To our knowledge, this is the first study to more extensively evaluate the genome in the African American population, as a limited number of previous studies of smoking behavior in this population included evaluations of only single genomic regions. Cancer Prev Res; 4(5); 729–34. ©2011 AACR.
Peri-operative management of antiplatelet therapy in patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Cattaneo Marco , Chassot Pierre-Guy , Eichinger Sabine , Heymann Christian von , Hofmann Niklaus , Rickli Hans , Spannagl Michael , Ziegler Bernhard , Verheugt Freek , Huber Kurt , Korte Wolfgang 
Published: March 2011

SummaryAn increasing number of patients suffering from cardiovascular disease, especially coronary artery disease (CAD), are treated with aspirin and/or clopidogrel for the prevention of major adverse events. Unfortunately, there are no specific, widely accepted recommendations for the perioperative management of patients receiving antiplatelet therapy. Therefore, members of the Perioperative Haemostasis Group of the Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis Research (GTH), the Perioperative Coagulation Group of the Austrian Society for Anesthesiology, Reanimation and Intensive Care (ÖGARI) and the Working Group Thrombosis of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) have created this consensus position paper to provide clear recommendations on the perioperative use of antiplatelet agents (specifically with semi-urgent and urgent surgery), strongly supporting a multidisciplinary approach to optimize the treatment of individual patients with coronary artery disease who need major cardiac and non-cardiac surgery. With planned surgery, drug eluting stents (DES) should not be used unless surgery can be delayed for ≥12 months after DES implantation. If surgery cannot be delayed, surgical revascularisation, bare-metal stents or pure balloon angioplasty should be considered. During ongoing antiplatelet therapy, elective surgery should be delayed for the recommended duration of treatment. In patients with semi-urgent surgery, the decision to prematurely stop one or both antiplatelet agents (at least 5 days pre-operatively) has to be taken after multidisciplinary consultation, evaluating the individual thrombotic and bleeding risk. Urgently needed surgery has to take place under full antiplatelet therapy despite the increased bleeding risk. A multidisciplinary approach for optimal antithrombotic and haemostatic patient management is thus mandatory.