bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon Dioxide Review: 1982
Authors: Kondratyev K. Ya. 
Published: October 2011

A series of publications appeared in 1982 on climatic implications of increases in CO2 concentration. Analyzing the status of numerical modeling of CO2 impact on climate, M. Schlesinger (Oregon State University) has compiled a summary of 66 models, which is, nevertheless, quite inadequate, since Soviet studies as well as some other investigations have not been considered. All these studies show that the recently growing interest in the problem of anthropogenic effects on climate is far from abating, which is quite natural in view of the enormous practical implications of the climate change problem.Since no climatic consequences of CO2 increase have been observed so far, the major way of studying this effect has been numerical simulation of varying complexity, aimed first at an approximate assessment of possible changes in mean global climate (characterized by air surface temperature), and then in zonal and regional climates considered in sophisticated three‐dimensional models. Though the estimates of mean global climate warming, on the assumption of a doubled CO2 concentration, vary widely, most of the experts believe that the value 3±1.5°C is most likely. However, this conclusion is inconsistent with the results of studies carried out by R.E. Newell and T.G. Dopplick and by S.B. Idso. Their results show that mean global warming should be about an order of magnitude less. However, their work has been severly criticized and considered erroneous (odd that obviously overestimated values of CO2 warming have not been so radically criticized).
Proposals for planetary programs
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Proposals submitted to the planetary geology and geophysics program of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) will be reviewed this fall. Scientists interested in being supported early in fiscal 1985 by the planetary and geophysics program of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) should submit their research proposals to the agency by late August. Although the program accepts unsolicited proposals at any time, it is anticipated that proposals received by NASA by late August will be reviewed this fall by a peer review panel.The program supports scientific investigations that contribute to the understanding of the geological and geophysical evolution of the planets, their satellites, and smaller solar system bodies (asteroids and comets). Several types of research efforts underpin the program: generation of new, basic data; analysis and synthesis of existing data; and combination of both activities. The program fosters the gathering, synthesis, and comparative study of data that will improve the understanding of planetary geological and geophysical processes, their extent, and the results of their interactions through time; the origin and evolution of the solar system; the nature of earth in comparison to other planets; and the origin and distribution of life in the universe.
Upcoming hearings in Congress
Authors: Richman Barbara T. 
Published: October 2011

The following markup and conference committees have been tentatively scheduled by the Senate and House of Representatives. Dates and times should be verified with the committee or subcommittee holding the markup or conference; all offices on Capitol Hill may be reached by telephoning 202‐224‐3121. For guidelines on contacting a member of Congress, see AGU's Guide to Legislative Information and Contacts (Eos, April 17, 1984, p. 159).August 7: Mark up legislation that would require federal Coastal Zone Management plans to be consistent with state management plans (H.R. 4589) by the House Merchant Marine and Fisheries Committee. Longworth Building, Room 1334, 10 A.M.
Bullard Fellowship
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

A research fellowship honoring the late Sir Edward Bullard has been established in his name at Churchill College in Cambridge, England.Bullard received the AGU Maurice Ewing Medal in 1978 and the AGU Bowie Medal in 1975. His work was most recently described in Eos by Elizabeth N. Shor (Eos, February 28, 1984, p. 73). Bullard died April 3, 1980.
Quake research proposals solicited
Authors: Pfluke J. H. 
Published: October 2011

The U.S. Geological Survey invites proposals for research contracts and grants under the continuing Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program. The proposed research must be directed toward the goal of identifying, evaluating, and characterizing the immediate and long‐term seismic hazard. Program objectives and tasks required to achieve those objectives are described in Proposal Information Package RFP‐1586Written inquiries concerning this program and requests for Proposal Information Package RFP‐1586 should be addressed to Contracting Officer, U.S. Geological Survey, MS 285, 345 Middlefield Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025. Proposals will be due in early February 1985. It is anticipated that funding of selected programs will start on or after October 1, 1985.
El Chichon: Stratospheric chlorine
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Two atmospheric scientists have discovered that about 40,000 metric tons of chlorine were injected into the stratosphere during the eruption of the El Chichón volcano in Mexico in March and April 1982. According to the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), never before had chlorine in the stratosphere been conclusively traced to volcanic sources.The NCAR scientists who made the discovery, William G. Mankin and M.T. Coffey, said the principle source of stratospheric chlorine was previously believed to be manmade fluorocarbons from activities at the Earth's surface. The presence of natural sources of stratospheric chlorine may change the overall view of the chemistry of the ozone layer.
Valles Caldera research opportunity
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Drilling has been completed at Valles Caldera, N.M., as part of the Continental Scientific Drilling Program (CSDP). The team reports that objectives of the drill (Eos, August 14, 1984, p. 474) were met: approximately 168 m of obsidian, several geothermal aquifers, and structural and stratigraphic information, plus widespread hydrothermal alterations, one oriented core, and a suite of geophysical logs. The well now is cased for future research and geochemical sampling.The well was drilled to a total depth of 856 m, and an unequilibrated bottom hole tem‐perature of 160°C was reached. Core recovery is reported at better than 95%. Hydrothermal alterations include clays, calcite, quartz, pyrite, and chlorite from the volcanic colluvium down to total depth. The intensity of alteration increases with depth and/or along major fractures and faults.
[Two comments on “Historic cartographic evidence for Holocene changes in the Antarctic ice cover”] Antarctic ice cover
Authors: Milton Daniel J. , Lliboutry Louis 
Published: October 2011

Readers of John G. Weihaupt's “Historic Cartographic Evidence for Holocene Changes in the Antarctic Ice Cover” (Eos, August 28, 1984, p. 493) may wish to consult Charles H. Hapgood, Maps of the Ancient Sea Kings, Evidence of Advanced Civilization in the Ice Ages (Chilton, Radnor, Penn., 1966). The major part of this book is a presentation of the thesis that Weihaupt has independently developed: that early sixteenth century maps portray Antarctica, and in particular an ice‐free Ross Sea, and that such knowledge must have been obtained and transmitted from a remote, perhaps prehistoric, epoch. Hapgood is perhaps better known to the geophysical community for his earlier book, Earth's Shifting Crust (Pantheon, New York, 1958), which proposed that the growth of ice caps unbalances the crust so that it can, and during the Pleistocene frequently did, slide over the interior, displacing the poles several thousand kilometers.The more conservative literature on Terra Australis of the sixteenth century cartographers is extensive; Acta Cartographica, a collection of reprinted papers on historical cartography, has over two dozen references in its indexes. A plausible hypothesis by J. Enterline (Imago Mundi, 26, pp. 48–58, 1972) is that it reflects Portugese acquisition of Indonesian knowledge of Australia, the prominent embayment (Hapgood's and Weihaupt's ice‐free Ross Sea) being the Gulf of Carpentaria. Underestimation of the size of the globe forced Australia to extend over the pole, just as it forced newly discovered America to lie close to Japan.
November streamflows
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Streamflows were above normal in much of the Mississippi River basin and the western United States during November because of runoff from heavy precipitation, but were below normal along the Eastern Seaboard, according to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).Record high or near record high flows were reported at 22 sites in the Mississippi River basin and the western states, with flow of the Mississippi River at Vicksburg averaging the second highest for November during 56 years of records. In contrast, record low or near record low flows occurred at five sites in Florida, Kansas, Montana, and Hawaii.
Climate and Development
Authors: Kellogg William W. 
Published: October 2011

The apparent premise upon which this collection of reports is based is that the developing countries of the world are by and large already in deep trouble and likely to become still worse off in the future unless some solution is found. In his preface, editor Asit K. Biswas saysDuring the next two decades, the population of tropical countries is expected to increase by 1.5 billion, which will account for approximately 90% of the anticipated global population increase. Provision of basic human needs to these unborn generations, and improvement of the quality of life of the present underprivileged people on this earth, is a critical challenge. If past experience is any indication, it will not be easy.
Ozone peaks at spring equinox
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Scientists from the University of Colorado, Boulder, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) have discovered that the density of ozone in the upper mesosphere triples each year at the spring equinox. The scientists used data from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Solar Mesosphere Explorer (SME) satellite operated by the university.According to authors R. J. Thomas, C. A. Barth, and S. Solomon, who reported their findings in the July 1984 Geophysical Research Letters, “Large seasonal changes occur, particularly near 80 km where ozone densities at the equinoxes are about 2–3 times those observed at the solstices… Further, the variations are highly repeatable from year to year and from hemisphere to hemisphere.”
Upcoming hearings in Congress
Authors: Richman Barbara T. 
Published: October 2011

The following hearings and markups have been tentatively scheduled for the coming weeks by the Senate and House of Representatives. Dates and times should be verified with the committee or subcommittee that is holding the hearing or markup; all offices on Capitol Hill may be reached by telephoning 202–224–3121. For guidelines on contacting a member of Congress, see AGU's Guide to Legislative Information and Contacts (Eos, August 28, 1984, p. 669).March 21: Hearing on the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) budget by the Interior and Related Agencies Subcomittee of the House Appropriations Subcommittee of the House Appropriations Committee. Rayburn Building, Room B308, 10 A.M. and 1:30 P.M.
Global environmental problems
Authors: Singer S. Fred 
Published: October 2011

Within the last decade, many people have become increasingly concerned with mankind's future on this planet. Aside from its profound philosophical aspects, the subject also attracts interdisciplinary scientific interest and, of course, international concern.For all of these reasons it seemed appropriate to organize an international symposium in with the global environment from a scientific viewpoint and review the current status of a variety of issues. We focused on the interaction of the environment—atmosphere, land, water and especially ocean—with ecological resources. These resources provide us with a healthful environment to live in and with food, probably the most basic resource.
Upcoming hearings in Congress
Authors: Richman Barbara T. 
Published: October 2011

The following hearings and markups have been tentatively scheduled for the coming weeks by the Senate and House of Representatives. Dates and times should be verified with the committee or subcommittee holding the hearing or markup; all offices on Capitol Hill may be reached by telephoning 202–224–3121. For guidelines on contacting a member of Congress, see AGU's Guide to Legislative Information and Contacts (Eos, August 28, 1984, p. 669).April 25: Markup of legislation to reauthorize the Clean Water Act (S. 53 and S. 652) by the Environmental Pollution Subcommittee of the Senate Environment and Public Works Committee. Room SD‐406, Dirksen Building, 9:30 A.M.
NRC evaluates groundwater programs
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

A recent report by the National Research Council (NRC) noted that about half the people of the United States depend on wells for their drinking water, but recent tests reveal widespread contamination.Responsibility for monitoring and protecting groundwater supplies lies largely with state governments. Federal funding of model projects under the Clean Water Act expired in 1983. However, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has asked the NRC to identify and evaluate ten state and local groundwater protection programs and to recommend features that may be applied in other areas. A committee, organized by the Water Science and Technology Board and chaired by Jerome B. Gilbert, general manager of the East Bay Municipal Utility District of Oakland, Calif., has undertaken the study. The report is expected to be completed in March 1986.
Science Medal nominations open
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Nominations are now open for the National Medal of Technology, which is awarded periodically by the president of the United States to recognize individuals and companies who have made outstanding contributions in the promotion of U.S. technology or technological manpower.Any U.S. citizen or company with U.S. ownership is eligible. Persons connected with administration or selection procedures for the medal will not be eligible during the period of their service or for 5 years thereafter. The number of recipients will depend on the number of deserving nominees. It is anticipated that no more than 12 medals will be awarded on any one occasion.
Weather satellite rescued
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

After tumbling and spinning in space for nearly a year, a $50 million polar‐orbiting weather satellite has been stabilized and will regain nearly all of its functions, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The rescue of NOAA 8 was aided by a computer program that took advantage of the earth's magnetic field to gradually stop the satellite's gyrations.Technicians at NOAA have recalibrated the satellite's instruments, and as Eos went to press, NOAA expected to resume delivery of earth and atmospheric imagery and measure‐ment data on July 1, 1985.
David R. Wones 1932–1984
Authors: Gilbert Charles 
Published: October 2011

On Thursday afternoon, October 25, 1984, Dr. David R. Wones, age 52, Professor at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Fellow of the American Geophysical Union and Secretary of the Volcanology, Geochemistry, and Petrology section 1961–1964, died in an automobile accident in Roanoke, Va. The ultimate cause of this accident is unknown.Dave gave of himself to mineralogy and petrology—in fact, to all of geology and to many colleagues—in a way few can match but that many have experienced and can appreciate.
ESA plans new missions
Authors: Pedersen Arne 
Published: October 2011

The tragic explosion of the space shuttle Challenger has caused a delay of at least 13 months to the European Space Agency/National Aeronautics and Space Administration (ESA/NASA) cooperative mission Ulysses, previously known as the Solar Polar Mission. Ulysses was scheduled for launch in May 1986. The launch of the Hubble Space Telescope, in which ESA is a cooperative partner, is certain to be delayed beyond the October 1986 launch date.As Eos went to press, the Giotto spacecraft, which has been on its way to Comet Halley since July 1985, was performing well, according to ESA. All investigator groups participated in operation rehearsals at the European Space Operations Centre in Darmstadt, Federal Republic of Germany, in preparation for the cometary encounter, which occurred near midnight (UT) on March 13, 1986.
Marine biosurfaces research program
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The Office of Naval Research (ONR) of the U.S. Navy is starting a basic research program to address the initial events that control colonization of surfaces by organisms in marine environments. The program “arises from the Navy's need to understand and ultimately control biofouling and biocorrosion in marine environments,” according to a Navy announcement.The program, “Biological Processes Controlling Surface Modification in the Marine Environment,” will emphasize the application of in situ techniques and modern molecular biological, biochemical, and biophysical approaches; it will also encourage the development of interdisciplinary projects. Specific areas of interest include sensing and response to environmental surface (physiology/physical chemistry), factors controlling movement to and retention at surfaces (behavior/hydrodynamics), genetic regulation of attachment (molecular genetics), and mechanisms of attachment (biochemistry/surface chemistry).
OMB revises overhead rules
Authors: Katzoff Judith A. 
Published: October 2011

After pressure from university administrators, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has issued a new plan for saving money on research overhead costs, in place of a controversial proposal that was originally published in February 1986 (Eos, May 20, 1986, p. 481). The agency made the new plan more palatable to administrators and faculty by choosing to cap the rate of reimbursement for the activity that researchers say they find among the most difficult to document: the time they spend on administration of federally sponsored grants and contracts. An amendment to a bill signed by President Ronald Reagan on July 2 might force OMB to make additional concessions to colleges and universities.How much money the federal government would save under this policy is a matter of dispute. The agency's revisions to OMB Circular A‐21, “Cost Principles for Educational Institutions,” call for fixing the reimbursement rate at 3% of modified total direct costs for departmental administration work done by “department heads, directors of divisions faculty, and professional staff.” The 3% figure represents about half of the current national average rate of reimbursement for these costs and would lead to federal government savings of $100 million a year, according to OMB.
Reply [to “Comment on ‘Is Venus alive?’”]
Authors: Taylor Harry A. 
Published: October 2011

In his comment, Frederick Scarf asserts that many statements and interpretations contained in my Forum are wrong and that he proposes to correct the record. The opposite is in fact the case, and his response adds no substantiation to the claim that there is extensive lightning and currently active volcanism at Venus.My colleagues and I have shown (H. A. Taylor, Jr., et al., “Reply,” Journal of Geophysical Research, vol. 91, p. 4599, 1986) that there is a high degree of correlation between the electric field noise and the ionospheric disturbances driven by the solar wind—ionosphere interaction and that the noise is not preferentially clustered over mountainous terrain. These results run counter to the interpretation of the noise as evidence of lightning and I stand on this evidence.
GRL European Editor sought
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

It finally happened. The International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU) launched what promises to become the largest, most complex, and most ambitious program of international scientific cooperation ever to be organized.Of several fathers (some officially recognized as such, others not) and after several years of gestation, IGBP saw the light on September 19, 1986, when the General Assembly of ICSU meeting in Berne, Switzerland, passed a resolution accepting the recommendations formulated by an ad hoc Planning Group in a document entitled The International Geosphere‐Biosphere Programme: A Study of Global Change [ICSU, 1986]. This is also the official designation of the project. Its main objective will be “to describe and understand the interactive physical, chemical, and biological processes that regulate the total earth system, the unique environment that it provides for life, the changes that are occurring in this system, and the manner in which they are influenced by human actions.”
New shuttle schedule released
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The Hubble Space Telescope has a tentative launch date of November 17, 1988, according to an announcement made October 3, 1986, by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The plan calls for the first shuttle launch to take place on February 18, 1988, when Discovery is slated to launch a second Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS). A TDRS satellite was aboard Challenger when it exploded on January 28, 1986.The $1.3 billion telescope would be launched aboard the fifth shuttle mission in 1988. After launching the TDRS satellite, NASA plans to send Atlantis and then Columbia spacebound with military payloads. In September 1988, Discovery would be launched again with a third TDRS satellite.
The changing health of our planet: Observing the Earth from space
Authors: Kellogg William W. 
Published: October 2011

It has become fashionable—even mandatory— in geophysical circles to think of Planet Earth as one interacting system and one that definitely includes the biosphere consisting of all living things. Of course, the founders of the American Geophysical Union must have subscribed in principle to that concept or they would not have created our multidisciplinary Union, but many universities still cling to those disciplinary pigeonholes. Old habits are hard to throw off, and it is often an extra effort to work at the interfaces between disciplines [Roederer, 1985].It has been the intense interest in the theory of climate, and the causes of climate change especially, that has spurred earth scientists to work more closely together during the past decade or more. It is clear that our climate models must take into account the atmosphere, the oceans, the cryosphere, the biosphere, the solid earth, and the sun (now recognized as a slightly variable star). It is this realization that has led to the move to organize a new international program, the International Geosphere/Biosphere Program (IGBP), sometimes referred to as “Global Change,” for short [Malone and Roederer, 1985].