bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association between family dynamics and Positive Youth Development in secondary education students
Authors: Grasmeijer Anna J. , Gomez‐Baya Diego , Camacho Carlos , Mendoza‐Berjano Ramón 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionThe Positive Youth Development (PYD) framework is a strengths‐based approach to adolescence that states that adolescents will thrive if nurtured by the right developmental assets. The family is one of the most important developmental assets, but studies about the relationship between family dynamics and the overall PYD of adolescents are scarce.ObjectiveThe present study aims to examine the associations between five family dynamics indicators and PYD, while taking into account the role of gender.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was carried out with a representative sample of adolescents from the city of Huelva, Spain (n = 1,036). Data were collected in 14 randomly selected secondary education schools. A Structural Equation Model (SEM) was tested to determine the effect of family dynamics on PYD, both for the whole sample and within each gender.ResultsThe SEM for the whole sample showed a positive effect of the family dynamics factor on the PYD factor, explaining 51.8% of its variance. The indicators of satisfaction with the relationship with the mother, satisfaction with the relationship with the father, frequency of engaging in joint family activities on weekends, and frequency of sharing daily occurrences at home showed factor loadings over 0.50, while the indicator of frequency of contribution to household chores had the lowest loading. The family dynamics factor in the model with the subsample of girls explained 54.8% of the variance in PYD, while in the SEM with the subsample of boys this factor explained 47.6% of it. Additionally, among girls, the relative influence of satisfaction in the relationship with the parents, as well as of frequently discussing the day at home, is higher than among boys.ConclusionThese results highlight a strong association between family dynamics indicators and PYD among adolescents and indicate that this relationship is stronger for girls than for boys. Intersectoral policies enhancing improvements in family dynamics (e.g., facilitating the practice of joint family activities on weekends) may have a relevant impact on PYD.
Information-Theoretic Bayesian Inference for Multi-Agent Localization and Tracking of an Radio Frequency Target With Unknown Waveform
Authors: Olsen Nathaniel R. , McKee Sasha M. , Haddadin Osama S. , Lyon Scott M. , Campbell Jared E. , Leang Kam K. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Information-theoretic motion planning and machine learning through Bayesian inference are exploited to localize and track a dynamic radio frequency (RF) emitter with unknown waveform (uncooperative target). A target-state estimator handles non-Gaussian distributions, while mutual information is utilized to coordinate the motion control of a network of mobile sensors (agents) to minimize measurement uncertainty. The mutual information is computed for pairs of sensors through a four-permutation-with-replacement process. The information surfaces are combined to create a composite map, which is then used by agents to plan their motion for more efficient and effective target estimation and tracking. Simulations and physical experiments involving micro-aerial vehicles with time difference of arrival (TDOA) measurements are performed to evaluate the performance of the algorithm. Results show that when two or three agents are used, the algorithm outperforms state-of-the-art methods. Results also show that for four or more agents, the performance is as competitive as an idealized static sensor network.
Mycoplasmoides genitalium
nucleic acid semi-quantitation and molecular macrolide resistance detection via automated assays: gender and specimen source considerations
Authors: Munson Erik , Moore Josephine , Krueger Trinity , Zapp Amanda , Lavey Stephen C. , Munson Kimber L. , Stafford Irene A. , Mustanski Brian 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

A laboratory-developed test (LDT) using analyte-specific reagents has been optimized on a commercial platform to detect macrolide resistance-associated mutations (MRM) in 23S rRNA from
Mycoplasmoides genitalium
from primary clinical specimens. In this study, MRM-LDT was applied to a multi-specimen source study set. One thousand four hundred ninety-five primary specimens testing positive for
M. genitalium
by commercial transcription-mediated amplification (TMA) were initially titered by the TMA assay using serial 10-fold dilutions to semi-quantitate target nucleic acid burden. Primary specimens were then processed for MRM detection using the MRM-LDT. Findings were stratified by gender and specimen source. The mean log
10
target nucleic acid titer of a TMA-positive specimen was 3.51 (median 3; range 0–10). Male specimens (
n
= 1145) demonstrated a mean log
10
M. genitalium
TMA titer of 3.67; that value observed in 350 female specimens was 2.98 (
P
< 0.0001). The MRM-LDT detection rate (88.7%) from specimens with log
10
M. genitalium
TMA titers ≥ 4 was increased over specimens with log
10
titers ≤ 1 (4.5%;
P
< 0.0002). In females, MRM-LDT was positive from 51.3% of vaginal swab and 34.7% of urine specimens (
P
= 0.01). In males, MRM-LDT was positive from 65.0% of rectal swab and 55.7% of urine specimens (
P
= 0.002). Differences were also observed in log
10
M. genitalium
TMA titers as a function of specimen source.
M. genitalium
macrolide resistance rates among multiple specimen sources, as determined by MRM-LDT, are high in the United States and can be consistent with target nucleic acid burden within the primary specimen. Caveats experienced within subgroupings support MRM reflex testing on primary
M. genitalium
-positive specimens.

IMPORTANCE

First-line macrolide treatment failure is of increasing concern with
Mycoplasmoides genitalium
in multiple settings. Recent sexually-transmitted infection treatment guidelines from the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have predicated therapeutic approaches on the availability of a macrolide resistance/susceptibility result from a primary clinical specimen. In this report, we investigate potential correlation between macrolide resistance mutation detection rates (identified by a molecular amplified laboratory-developed test) and transcription-mediated amplification-based rRNA target semi-quantitation. Data reveal that rRNA semi-quantitation and laboratory-developed test detection rate differences exist as a function of gender and specimen source. These data can guide providers in proper specimen selection not only for the laboratory diagnosis of
M. genitalium
but also macrolide resistance mutation determination from primary clinical specimens.
The utilization of an unconventional approach to introduce basic bacteriology in a medical school bridge program
Authors: Iqbal Henna , Onyedibe Kenneth 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Bacteria form an intense portion of reading and learning for students enrolled in microbiology education. As a part of the foundational course outline of bacteriology, bacterial classification is a significant topic of discussion. The purpose of our study was to analyze whether bacterial classification can be taught with a phylogenetic tree approach that might be more engaging and beneficial to student learners of microbiology. This methodology is unique compared to the conventional approach applied in introductory lectures of bacteriology that relies on morphology and Gram-staining to classify bacteria. The participants of this study were students enrolled in a two-semester medical school bridge program that offers a Master’s degree in Pre-clinical Sciences. We presented bacterial origin and classification in the light of evolution and used a phylogenetic tree to signify clinically relevant groups of bacteria. Students were also taught the traditional bacterial classification using Gram stains and morphology. Both methods of classification were delivered in a didactic classroom session considering equal time spent and utilizing the same format. An online survey was distributed to the students after the session to collect their feedback. The results from the survey showed that 74% of participants would prefer learning bacterial classification using a combined approach that includes both Gram-staining and morphology as well as the phylogenetic tree. When asked if the study of bacterial classification through an evolutionary tree diagram is a clear and concise way of understanding bacteria, 79% of the students either agreed or strongly agreed with this statement. Interestingly, the alternative phylogenetic tree approach was considered more engaging and regarded as a means to expand the clinical knowledge of bacteria by 78% and 71% of the students, respectively. Overall, our study strongly supports the use of tree-based classification as an additional method to improve the learning of medically important groups of bacteria at varying levels of education.
Tectonic inversion of an intracontinental rift basin: An example from the opening and closure of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean, northern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Li Jie , Wu Chen , Li Xiaogang , Zuza Andrew V. , Haproff Peter J. , Zhao Yonghui , Zhao Wentao , Yue Yahui , Ding Lin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Suture zones located across the Tibetan region clearly demarcate the rift-and-drift and continental accretion history of the region. However, the intraplate responses to these marginal plate-tectonic events are rarely quantified. Our understanding of the Paleo-Tethyan orogenic system, which involved ocean opening and closing events to grow the central Asian continent, depends on the tectonic architecture and histories of major late Paleozoic–early Mesozoic orogenic belts. These opening and collision events were associated with coupled intracontinental deformation, which has been difficult to resolve due to subsequent overprinting deformation. The late Paleozoic–early Mesozoic Zongwulong Shan–Qinghai Nanshan belt in northern Tibet separates the Qilian and North Qaidam regions and is composed of Carboniferous–Triassic sedimentary materials and mantle-derived magmatic rocks. The tectonic setting and evolutional history of this belt provide important insight into the paleogeographic and tectonic relationships of the Paleo-Tethyan orogenic system located ~200 km to the south. In this study, we integrated new and previous geological observations, detailed structural mapping, and zircon U-Pb geochronology data from the Zongwulong Shan–Qinghai Nanshan to document a complete tectonic inversion cycle from intraplate rifting to intracontinental shortening associated with the opening and closing of the Paleo-Tethyan Ocean. Carboniferous–Permian strata in the Zongwulong Shan were deposited in an intracontinental rift basin and sourced from both the north and the south. At the end of the Early–Middle Triassic, foreland molasse strata were deposited in the southern part of the Zongwulong Shan during tectonic inversion in the western part of the tectonic belt following the onset of regional contraction deformation. The Zongwulong Shan–Qinghai Nanshan system has experienced polyphase deformation since the late Paleozoic, including: (1) early Carboniferous intracontinental extension and (2) Early–Middle Triassic tectonic inversion involving reactivation of older normal faults as thrusts and folding of pre- and synrift strata. We interpret that the Zongwulong Shan–Qinghai Nanshan initiated as a Carboniferous–Early Triassic intracontinental rift basin related to the opening of the Paleo-Tethyan Ocean to the south, and it was then inverted during the Early–Middle Triassic closing of the Paleo-Tethyan Ocean. This work emphasizes that pre-Cenozoic intraplate structures related to the opening and closing of ocean basins in the Tethyan realm may be underappreciated across Tibet.
Modelling the public health benefits of fibre fortification in the Chinese population through food reformulation
Authors: Teh Thomas , Ying Yang , Schnor Noa Pereira Prada , Flynn Brian , Goodwin William , O’Sullivan William , Pigat Sandrine , Hirsch John , Crowley Lorraine , Adolphus Katie , Laurie Ieva , Karnik Kavita , Risso Davide 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesVarious studies have highlighted how consuming adequate dietary fibre (DF) foods could confer multiple potential health benefits to humans, though data suggested that the average intake of the population is below the recommendations. The aim of this study, which involved probabilistic, mathematical and statistical modelling, was to understand, for the first time, how fibre fortification in a broad array of food categories could impact the diet and health status of Chinese consumers.DesignA simulation-based approach was used to examine the potential impact of fibre fortification. The China Health and Nutrition Survey dataset was used to evaluate intakes of DF together with a dietary intake mathematical model. Commercially manufactured foods and beverages eligible for fibre fortification were identified and a total of 296 food and beverages were selected for fibre fortification calculation. Foods and beverages eligible for fibre fortification and the concentration of fibre used at intervention were identified based on Chinese legislations and regulations of nutrition label claims. Populations who meet the dietary reference values of fibre fortification have their health outcomes such as weight, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes risk quantified prefibre and postfibre reformulation as per published studies.ResultsThe simulated fibre fortification intervention model has shown that the mean DF intake increased by 13.28%, from 12.8 g/day of baseline to 14.5 g/day, leading to an increase of 48% (from 6.85% to 10.13%) and 54% (from 14.22% to 21.84%) of the adult and children population, respectively, achieving the recommended fibre guidelines. Additionally, 234 diabetes cases per day (85 340 cases per year) as well as 73 065 deaths secondary to CVD could also potentially be averted or delayed with the increase of DF intake via fibre fortification.ConclusionsThis study provides a practical application implicating the potential public health benefits that could be achieved with food product reformulation.
Variations in health-related quality of life (EQ-5D) associated with cardiovascular health: a cross-sectional study of adults with diabetes in the Korean general population
Authors: Jung Hyejin 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesPrevious studies on the differences in the mechanism and complications of diabetes between men and women have indicated potential sex differences in cardiovascular health, which affect health-related quality of life (HRQoL).DesignA cross-sectional cohort study.SettingTo determine how sex differences can be noticed, acknowledged and applied in clinical practice, we aimed to determine the cardiovascular (CV) health status of men and women with diabetes and its effects on HRQoL.ParticipantsIn total, 2829 individuals with diabetes (1518 men and 1311 women) aged ≥40 years who participated in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2013 to 2018 were enrolled.Outcome measuresIndividuals with diabetes were categorised into poor, intermediate and ideal groups based on CV health indicators recommended by the American Heart Association. We used EQ-5D-3L to compare HRQoL scores between the sexes. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression and analysis of covariance were used to analyse the outcome variables.ResultsIn the poor CV health score group, female sex was associated with mobility problems (OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.46 to 2.54), problems with usual activities (OR1.71, 95% CI 1.24 to 2.35), pain/discomfort (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.32 to 2.16) and anxiety/depression (OR 1.66 95% CI 1.16 to 2.38). In the intermediate and ideal CV health score groups, female sex was associated with pain/discomfort (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.15). Men had higher EQ-5D index scores in the poor and intermediate CV health score groups than did women.ConclusionsAlthough women tended to have high health-related CV health scores, HRQoL was lower in women than in men, especially in the poor CV health score group and in the pain/discomfort domain.
Epidemiological impact ofNeisseria gonorrhoeaeandChlamydia trachomatisscreening in men having sex with men: a modelling study
Authors: Flaig Julien , Hocqueloux Laurent , Palich Romain , Cuzin Lise , Robineau Olivier , Pugliese Pascal , Delpierre Cyrille , Voirin Nicolas , Cotte Laurent 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesThe impact of the systematic screening ofNeisseria gonorrhoeae(NG) andChlamydia trachomatis(CT) in men having sex with men (MSM) on these pathogens’ epidemiology remains unclear. We conducted a modelling study to analyse this impact in French MSM.MethodsWe modelled NG and CT transmission using a site-specific deterministic compartmental model. We calibrated NG and CT prevalence at baseline using results from MSM enrolled in the Dat’AIDS cohort. The baseline scenario was based on 1 million MSM, 40 000 of whom were tested every 90 days and 960 000 every 200 days. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) at steady state were simulated for NG, CT, NG and/or CT infections, for different combinations of tested sites, testing frequency and numbers of frequently tested patients.ResultsThe observed prevalence rate was 11.0%, 10.5% and 19.1% for NG, CT and NG and/or CT infections. The baseline incidence rate was estimated at 138.2 per year per 100 individuals (/100PY), 86.8/100PY and 225.0/100PY for NG, CT and NG and/or CT infections. Systematically testing anal, pharyngeal and urethral sites at the same time reduced incidence by 14%, 23% and 18% (IRR: 0.86, 0.77 and 0.82) for NG, CT and NG and/or CT infections. Reducing the screening interval to 60 days in frequently tested patients reduced incidence by 20%, 29% and 24% (IRR: 0.80, 0.71 and 0.76) for NG, CT and NG and/or CT infections. Increasing the number of frequently tested patients to 200 000 reduced incidence by 29%, 40% and 33% (IRR: 0.71, 0.60 and 0.67) for NG, CT and NG and/or CT infections. No realistic scenario could decrease pathogens’ incidence by more than 50%.ConclusionsTo curb the epidemic of NG and CT in MSM, it would not only be necessary to drastically increase screening, but also to add other combined interventions.
Phase-space analysis in non-minimal symmetric-teleparallel dark energy
Authors: Carloni Youri , Luongo Orlando 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe modify the symmetric-teleparallel dark energy through the addition of a further Yukawa-like term, in which the non-metricity scalar, Q, is non-minimally coupled to a scalar field Lagrangian where the phion acts as quintessence, describing dark energy. We investigate regions of stability and find late-time attractors. To do so, we conduct a stability analysis for different types of physical potentials describing dark energy, namely the power-law, inverse power-law, and exponential potentials. Within these choices, we furthermore single out particular limiting cases, such as the constant, linear and inverse potentials. For all the considered scenarios, regions of stability are calculated in terms of the signs of the coupling constant and the exponent, revealing a clear degeneracy among coefficients necessary to ensure stability. We find that a generic power-law potential with $$\alpha > 0$$

α
>
0

is not suitable as a non-minimal quintessence potential and we put severe limits on the use of inverse potential, as well. In addition, the equations of state of each potential have been also computed. We find the constant potential seems to be favored than other treatments, since the critical point appears independent of the non-minimal coupling.
Evaluating Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancers with Deleterious CDK12 Alterations in the Phase 2 IMPACT Trial
Authors: Nguyen Charles B. , Reimers Melissa A. , Perera Chamila , Abida Wassim , Chou Jonathan , Feng Felix Y. , Antonarakis Emmanuel S. , McKay Rana R. , Pachynski Russell K. , Zhang Jingsong , Reichert Zachery R. , Palmbos Phillip L. , Caram Megan E.V. , Vaishampayan Ulka N. , Heath Elisabeth I. , Hopkins Alexander C. , Cieslik Marcin P. , Wu Yi-Mi , Robinson Dan R. , Baladandayuthapani Veerabhadran , Chinnaiyan Arul M. , Alva Ajjai S. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
CDK12 inactivation in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) may predict immunotherapy responses. This phase 2 trial evaluated the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy in patients with CDK12-altered mCRPC.

Patients and Methods:
Eligible patients had mCRPC with deleterious CDK12 alterations and any prior therapies except ICI. Cohort A received ipilimumab (1 mg/kg) with nivolumab (3 mg/kg) every 3 weeks for up to four cycles, followed by nivolumab 480 mg every 4 weeks. Cohort C received nivolumab alone 480 mg every 4 weeks. Patients with CDK12-altered nonprostate tumors were enrolled in cohort B and not reported. The primary endpoint was a 50% reduction in PSA (PSA50). Key secondary endpoints included PSA progression-free survival, overall survival, objective response rate, and safety.

Results:
PSA was evaluable in 23 patients in cohort A and 14 in cohort C. Median lines of prior therapy were two in cohorts A and C, including any prior novel hormonal agent (74% and 79%) and chemotherapy (57% and 36%). The PSA50 rate was 9% [95% confidence interval (CI), 1%–28%] in cohort A with two responders; neither had microsatellite instability or a tumor mutational burden &gt;10 mutations/megabase. No PSA50 responses occurred in cohort C. Median PSA progression-free survival was 7.0 months (95% CI, 3.6–11.4) in cohort A and 4.5 months (95% CI, 3.4–13.8) in cohort C. Median overall survival was 9.0 months (95% CI, 6.2–12.3) in cohort A and 13.8 months (95% CI, 3.6–not reached) in cohort C.

Conclusions:
There was minimal activity with ICI therapy in patients with CDK12-altered mCRPC.