bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
National UK survey of antibiotics prescribed for acute tonsillitis and peritonsillar abscess
Authors: Visvanathan V , Nix P 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAim:To survey antibiotics prescribed for patients admitted with acute tonsillitis and peritonsillar abscess to UK ENT departments.Materials and methods:An anonymous postal questionnaire was sent to UK ENT consultants.Results:Intravenous benzylpenicillin alone was preferred significantly more often for acute tonsillitis (n = 175) than for peritonsillar abscess (83) (p < 0.001). A combination of benzylpenicillin and metronidazole was preferred significantly more often for peritonsillar abscess (n = 131) than for tonsillitis (62) (p < 0.001).Conclusions:In this survey, penicillin was the commonest antibiotic choice for tonsillitis; this is in accordance with published guidelines. For cases of peritonsillar abscess, benzylpenicillin with metronidazole was the most common antibiotic combination chosen. However, the high resolution rate of peritonsillar abscess following drainage and treatment with penicillin alone suggests that multiple antibiotics are unnecessary and inappropriate in this setting.
Aspiration and development of subglottic stenosis in patients with Wegener’s granulomatosis
Authors: Church A C , Goldsmith K , Sivasothy P 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjective:In patients with Wegener’s granulomatosis, subglottic stenosis can develop due to active disease; however, some patients develop subglottic stenosis with no clear evidence of airway inflammation. In some cases of idiopathic subglottic stenosis, an association with gastroesophageal reflux disease has been found. Our study assessed the potential role of gastroesophageal reflux as an aetiological factor in the development of subglottic stenosis in patients with Wegener’s granulomatosis.Design:We assessed evidence of active reflux disease, using 24-hour pH monitoring and assessment of bile salts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.Subjects:Ten Wegener’s granulomatosis patients with subglottic stenosis underwent 24-hour pH monitoring and bronchoscopy and lavage of the right middle lobe. A similar number of control patients were included.Results:There was no statistically significant difference in the occurrence of bronchoalveolar bile salts in patients with subglottic stenosis (n = 2) versus control patients (zero) (p = 0.457). There was good correlation between the detection of reflux by 24-hour pH monitoring and the detection of bronchoalveolar bile salts (κ = 0.769).Conclusion:In this small study of patients with Wegener’s granulomatosis, there was no evidence of an association between the development of subglottic stenosis and gastroesophageal reflux.
Negative association between treated osteoporosis and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo in women
Authors: Mikulec A A , Kowalczyk K A , Pfitzinger M E , Harris D A , Jackson L E 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjective:To determine the degree of association, if any, between benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and osteoporosis, both of which are disorders of impaired calcium carbonate homeostasis.Methods:A retrospective chart review was undertaken in two otology clinics to assess the prevalence of treated osteoporosis in 260 women with and without benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, between the ages of 51 and 80 years.Results:There was a statistically significant, negative association between benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and treated osteoporosis in women aged 51 to 60 years. We also observed a trend towards a negative association for women in their 60s, and for the group as a whole.Conclusion:Osteoporosis, or the medication used to treat it, may provide protection against benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.
Is enhanced tourism a reasonable expectation for transboundary conservation? An evaluation of the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park
Authors: SCOVRONICK NOAH C. , TURPIE JANE K. 
Published: November 2009

SUMMARYThe transnational nature of biodiversity provides impetus for transboundary protected areas, however support for these also stems from expectations of political, social or economic benefits. The sociopolitical context of southern Africa makes conservation initiatives incorporating economic development particularly appealing, and supporters of transboundary conservation advance visions of tourism growth in this regard; however, this assertion has not been objectively assessed. The Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, straddling South Africa and Botswana, is Africa's oldest formally recognized transfrontier park and widely viewed as the prototype for regional transboundary conservation. This paper examines visitation data combined with results from a visitor survey to indicate the tourism performance of the Park. Visitor numbers to the Park have not grown since its opening, but average length of stay and total visitor days have increased. However, it appears that this increase is primarily due to growth in bed numbers; the survey indicates that the Park's new features are only modestly used, and fewer than 10% of guests visit the adjacent country. Potential barriers to further growth include road conditions, Park size and homogeneity, and a lack of innovative tourism strategies. The need to expand socioeconomic monitoring of transboundary conservation areas in order to ensure their viability is reaffirmed.
Typological parameters of intralingual variability: Grammatical analyticity versus syntheticity in varieties of English
Authors: Szmrecsanyi Benedikt 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDrawing on terminology, concepts, and ideas developed in quantitative morphological typology, the present study takes an exclusive interest in the coding of grammatical information. It offers a sweeping overview of intralingual variability in terms of overt grammaticalanalyticity(the text frequency of free grammatical markers), grammaticalsyntheticity(the text frequency of bound grammatical markers), andgrammaticity(the text frequency of grammatical markers, bound or free) in English. The variational dimensions investigated include geography, text types, and real time. Empirically, the study taps into a number of publicly accessible text corpora that comprise a large number of different varieties of English. Results are interpreted in terms of how speakers and writers seek to achieve communicative goals while minimizing different types of complexity.
A method for defining management units based on genetically determined close relatives
Authors: Økland Jan-Magnus , Haaland Øystein Ariansen , Skaug Hans J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractØkland, J-M., Haaland, Ø. A., and Skaug, H. J. 2010. A method for defining management units based on genetically determined close relatives. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 551–558. We propose a new method for identifying management units from genetic samples (DNA profiles). The main idea is to look at the geographic distribution of genetically determined close relatives and to use these to separate different breeding populations. The method has the potential to detect population structure emerging on a demographic time-scale, as opposed to classical population genetic methods. It is not required that the breeding populations have different allele frequencies. Using simulated datasets, the proposed method has good statistical properties throughout the range of migration rates considered. This may be a powerful method for setting management boundaries.
Artifact on Electromyography Produced by an Implanted Sacral Nerve Stimulator
Authors: O'Carroll Peter , Bertorini Tulio E , Maccarino Sue 
Published: November 2009

Abstract

A patient with muscle cramps was referred for nerve conduction studies and electromyography. Her study demonstrated bursts of spontaneous electromyography activity, which waxed and waned in amplitude with a “dive bomber”-like sound. The abnormal finding was found to be an artifact from an implanted sacral nerve stimulator for bladder incontinence.
The WRKY6 Transcription Factor ModulatesPHOSPHATE1Expression in Response to Low Pi Stress inArabidopsis
Authors: Chen Yi-Fang , Li Li-Qin , Xu Qian , Kong You-Han , Wang Hui , Wu Wei-Hua 
Published: November 2009

AbstractArabidopsis thaliana WRKY family comprises 74 members and some of them are involved in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. This study demonstrated that WRKY6 is involved in Arabidopsis responses to low-Pi stress through regulating PHOSPHATE1 (PHO1) expression. WRKY6 overexpression lines, similar to the pho1 mutant, were more sensitive to low Pi stress and had lower Pi contents in shoots compared with wild-type seedlings and the wrky6-1 mutant. Immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that WRKY6 can bind to two W-boxes of the PHO1 promoter. RNA gel blot and β-glucuronidase activity assays showed that PHO1 expression was repressed in WRKY6-overexpressing lines and enhanced in the wrky6-1 mutant. Low Pi treatment reduced WRKY6 binding to the PHO1 promoter, which indicates that PHO1 regulation by WRKY6 is Pi dependent and that low Pi treatment may release inhibition of PHO1 expression. Protein gel blot analysis showed that the decrease in WRKY6 protein induced by low Pi treatment was inhibited by a 26S proteosome inhibitor, MG132, suggesting that low Pi–induced release of PHO1 repression may result from 26S proteosome–mediated proteolysis. In addition, WRKY42 also showed binding to W-boxes of the PHO1 promoter and repressed PHO1 expression. Our results demonstrate that WRKY6 and WRKY42 are involved in Arabidopsis responses to low Pi stress by regulation of PHO1 expression.
Inequality and the self‐selection of international migrants: theory and new evidence
Authors: Brücker Herbert , Defoort Cécily 
Published: November 2009

PurposeThe paper seeks to analyse the self‐selection of international migrants on observable skills.Design/methodology/approachBased on an extended version of the Roy model, which considers random migration costs, the authors analyse the self‐selection of migrants on observable skills empirically. For this purpose, the authors employ a new panel data set on the educational attainment of migrants, which covers migration from 143 sending countries into the six main receiving countries in the OECD from 1975 to 2000.FindingsMigrants tend to be positively self‐selected on observable skills, although the inequality in earnings is larger in the sending country relative to the destination countries. The estimation results indicate that a higher inequality in the distribution of earnings in both the receiving and the sending country affects the skill bias of the migrant population favourably. Moreover, higher migration costs and selective immigration policies increase the skill level of migrants relative to those of stayers in the sending countries.Research limitations/implicationsThe results may be affected by measurement error, since it was necessary to approximate the returns to education by measures for the inequality of earnings.Practical implicationsThe paper provides, inter alia, insights as to how immigration and other policies affect the self‐selection of migrants on observable skills, which may be relevant for policy makers.Originality/valueTo the authors' knowledge, this is the first paper to analyse the self‐selection of migrants on the basis of a panel data set.
Internal wage dispersion and firm performance: white‐collar evidence
Authors: Hunnes Arngrim 
Published: November 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the net relationship between internal wage dispersion and firm performance.Design/methodology/approachAn empirical investigation of the relationship between internal wage dispersion and firm performance is performed using linked employer‐employee data for Norwegian firms from 1986 to 1997.FindingsContrary to findings in previous empirical work of a positive relationship between internal wage dispersion and firm performance, the analysis finds no such evidence in Norwegian firms, even though internal wage dispersion has increased.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to the relatively sparse empirical literature on internal wage dispersion and firm performance. Further, the analysis provides a new econometric specification for estimating internal wage dispersion that explicitly takes into account the hierarchical organization of firms. In contrast with previous work, the analysis also distinguishes between dispersion in both the fixed and variable portions of wages.
Operations management research: contemporary themes, trends and potential future directions
Authors: Taylor Andrew , Taylor Margaret 
Published: November 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the contemporary research themes published in IJOPM in order to contribute to current debates about the future directions of operations management (OM) research.Design/methodology/approachAll 310 articles published in IJOPM from volume 24 issue 9 in 2004 through volume 29, issue 12 in 2009 are analysed using content analysis methods. This period of analysis is chosen because it represents all the articles published in issues for which the authors are able to have full control, during their period of tenure as Editors of the journal. This analysis is supplemented by data on all 1,853 manuscripts submitted to the journal during the same time period and further, by analysis of reviews and feedback sent to all authors after review.FindingsThe paper reports the main research themes and research methods inherent in the 310 published papers. Statistics on the countries represented by these papers and the size and international composition of author teams are provided, together with the publication success rates of the countries that submit in the highest volumes, and the success rates associated with the size of the author team. Finally, data on the reasons for rejection of manuscripts are presented.Research limitations/implicationsThere is some residual inaccuracy in content analysis methods, whereby, in extracting research themes there is often more than one topic covered. In the same vein, as regards categorisation of the causes of rejection of manuscripts during the review process, there is frequently more than one reason for rejection, so perhaps a weighted scoring system would have been more insightful. In determining the country of origin of papers, while the country of the corresponding author is used, it should be recognised that some studies originate from international collaborations so that this method may give a slightly distorted picture. Finally, in computing publication success rates by comparison of submissions and published papers there is a time delay between the two data sets within any defined period of analysis.Practical implicationsThe analysis adds generally to debates about contemporary research themes; in particular it extends the work of Pilkington and Fitzgerald, which analyses all articles solely in IJOPM between 1994 and 2003. In addition, the findings suggest a need for more frequent exploitation of multiple research methods, for greater rigour in the planning and execution of fieldwork, for greater engagement with the world of OM practice and finally, consideration of how OM research can address wider social and political issues.Originality/valueThis paper represents an inside view of the publication process from a leading OM journal; this kind of insight is rarely available in the public domain.
Knowledge management audit framework and methodology based on processes
Authors: Wang Jiankang , Xiao Jiuling 
Published: November 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the detailed content and research framework of a knowledge management audit, from the view of operation flow based on a cognition summary of knowledge management audit proposed by many scholars and organizations, in order to put forward some references for effective implementation of an organization knowledge management project.Design/methodology/approachThe paper carries out a multi‐perspective analysis of the cognition of knowledge management audit summarizes the similarities and differences between the different viewpoints, also a contrasting analysis on the method proposed by various scholars and organizations from the point of view of flow, and then constructs the conceptive framework of knowledge management audit.FindingsKnowledge management audit is the first important step in a knowledge management project and includes four phases: preparation, analysis, implementation, and summary. Its primary content involves knowledge management environment audit, knowledge property audit, knowledge management ability audit and knowledge management performance audit, and its main modules consist of knowledge demand analysis, knowledge inventory analysis, knowledge map and knowledge flow analysis.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper provides a theoretical construction, but has not conducted a case study. In future research development, the framework of the paper will be improved through the case analysis of organization knowledge management practice.Practical implicationsBy utilizing the research framework and method of the paper, an organization may understand rapidly the basic content of a knowledge management audit, implement an effective knowledge management audit to help improve organization (including non‐profit organization) performance and implement a knowledge management strategy.Originality/valueThe paper provides a framework for implementing a knowledge management audit.
Unbundling of operation and network development activities in electricity distribution
Authors: Lassila Jukka , Tanskanen Anna , Lohjala Juha , Partanen Jarmo 
Published: November 2009

PurposeBased on literature and an empirical case, the purpose of this paper is to present a framework for decision‐making in utilities where unbundling considerations are taking place. The paper analyses the implications of splitting long‐term network planning activity from the organization responsible for short‐term network operation activities.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed framework includes an analysis of impacts of external forces, set‐up of common targets and performance models, and alignment of responsibilities in the new organization. The empirical results and validation of the proposed framework is performed by an electric utility, where legal unbundling of activities has taken place; the study includes expert interviews and theoretical analysis.FindingsColliding interests in the new business model can be avoided if economic and technical targets are mainly set by the regulator for both network development and operation activities.Research limitations/implicationsThe results are based on internal re‐organization; a complementary study on re‐organizing network business activities to an external service provider could give information about the generalizability of the findings.Practical implicationsApplication of the proposed framework for decision‐making and lessons learned can support electric utilities when planning for unbundling and strategic target‐setting in the unbundled business model.Originality/valueThe study presents experiences of re‐organized network business activities in a pioneering market area with a long experience of outsourcing. The detailed analysis of internal re‐organization within one electric utility can facilitate further restructuring phases.
Social enterprise
Authors: Galera Giulia , Borzaga Carlo 
Published: November 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the evolution of the social enterprise concept at an international level. It provides a comprehensive overview of the existing literature in this subject area and focuses on the legal implementation of social enterprises.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is an analytic review, building on previous work. Conclusions are on how the social enterprise concept has been legally implemented in a number of representative European countries.FindingsThe lack of a common understanding of social enterprise should not be regarded as a limitation as such debate encourages a rethinking of the theoretical definition of enterprise and its legal structure. The legal recognition of social enterprise contributes to conceptual clarification in the countries concerned.Research limitations/implicationsThis is a conceptual discussion paper, which stimulates further research on the most interesting mechanisms and consistent models of social enterprise that are developing at an international level.Originality/valueThe paper synthesises existing conceptual studies on social enterprise. It contributes to enrich the current debate on social enterprise and aids in focusing future research.
Business ethics in Islam: the glaring gap in practice
Authors: Abuznaid Samir Ahmad 
Published: November 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine and discuss business ethics from an Islamic perspective.Design/methodology/approachDescriptive, analytical, and comparative analyses are used.FindingsThe study reveals several factors that affect Muslims' ethical behavior, including legal, organizational, and individual factors. However, there are factors that affect manager's unethical behavior; for example, stage of moral development, family influence and peer influence. The paper outlines some of the ethical guidelines that should be manifested in a Muslim manager, such as being trustful, honest, and consultative. Finally, the paper highlights some of the moral issues that seem to be common between Islam and other religions such as no lying, stealing, fraud, or deceit.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper provides insights into Islamic work ethics for Western managers and employees, enabling them to work more effectively with Islamic managers, employees, and business partners. It is believed that the paper will provide a better understanding of Muslim societies in general and Islamic managers in particular. It also has some implications for Islamic managers and employees who have to deal with ethical dilemmas as well as situations that offer potential benefits or gains and are considered unethical on a daily basis. It is also hoped that this paper will reinforce managers' Islamic behavior and make them more aware of the code of conduct on business.Practical implicationsThe findings presented in this research can be used by Western managers, employees, business partners, and academicians as a guide to Islamic work ethics in Muslim societies.Originality/valueThe paper makes a contribution to the literature on Islamic work ethics. It is believed to be one of few studies investigating the issue of management ethics in Islam. The findings presented will be of genuine interest to Western and non‐Western managers, employees, and academicians.
NFKB1‐94ins/del polymorphism is not associated with lung injury after cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Wang J. F. , Bian J. J. , Wan X. J. , Zhu K. M. , Sun Z. Z. , Lu A. D. 
Published: November 2009

SummaryNuclear factor (NF)‐κB (NFKB1)‐94ins/del is an important polymorphism that affects promoter activity of the NFKB1 gene and is potentially associated with several inflammatory diseases. We investigated the association of this polymorphism with lung injury after cardiac surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass in a prospective cohort study of 283 patients. Genotyping was performed by high resolution melting analysis; analysis indicated no association of NFKB1 with postoperative lung injury (p = 0.064). Relative risks of the del allele and the del/del genotype were 1.34 (95% CI 1.02–1.75) and 1.74 (95% CI 1.00–3.05) respectively. Logistic regression analysis (with factors including age, peripheral vascular disease and surgical duration as risk factors of lung injury after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass) also failed to confirm that the NFKB1 genotype is influential for lung injury (p = 0.113). We conclude that, contrary to some other evidence, the NFKB1‐94ins/del polymorphism is not associated with lung injury after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.