bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community Capacity as an “Inside Job”: Evolution of Perceived Ownership within a University-Aboriginal Community Partnership
Authors: Cargo Margaret D. , Delormier Treena , Lévesque Lucie , McComber Alex M. , Macaulay Ann C. 
Published: October 2011

Purpose. To assess the evolution of perceived ownership of a university-Aboriginal community partnership across three project stages. Design. Survey administration to project partners during project formalization (1996—T1), mobilization (1999—T2), and maintenance (2004—T3). Setting. Aboriginal community of Kahnawake, outside Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Participants. Partners involved in influencing decision making in the Kahnawake Schools Diabetes Prevention Project (KSDPP). Measure and Analysis. A measure of perceived primary ownership subjected to linear trend analysis. Results. KSDPP staff were perceived as primary owner at T1 and shared ownership with Community Advisory Board (CAB) members at T2 and T3. Trend tests indicated greater perceived ownership between T1 and T3 for CAB (χ21 = 12.3, p < .0001) and declining KSDPP staff (χ21 = 10.5, p < .001) ownership over time. Academic partners were never perceived as primary owners. Conclusion. This project was community driven from the beginning. It was not dependent on an external academic change agent to activate the community and develop the community's capacity to plan and implement a solution. It still took several years for the grassroots CAB to take responsibility from KSDPP staff, thus indicating the need for sustained funding to build grassroots community capacity.
Improving Data Accuracy of Commercial Food Outlet Databases
Authors: Ohri-Vachaspati Punam , Martinez Diane , Yedidia Michael J. , Petlick Nirvana 
Published: October 2011

Purpose. Assessing food environments often requires using commercially available data. Disparate methods used for classifying food outlets in these databases call for creating a classification approach using common definitions. A systematic strategy for reclassifying food stores and restaurants, as they appear in commercial databases, into categories that differentiate the availability of healthy options is described here. Design and Setting. Commercially available data on food outlets including names, addresses, North American Industry Classification System codes, and associated characteristics was obtained for five New Jersey communities. Analysis. A reclassification methodology was developed using criteria and definitions from the literature to categorize food outlets based on availability of healthy options. Information in the database was supplemented by systematic Internet and key word searches, and from phone calls to food outlets. Results. The methodology resulted in 622 supermarket/grocery stores, 183 convenience stores, and 148 specialty stores in the original data to be reclassified into 58 supermarkets, 30 grocery stores, 692 convenience stores, and 115 specialty stores. Outlets from the original list of 1485 full-service restaurants and 506 limited-service restaurants were reclassified as 563 full-service restaurants and 1247 limited-service restaurants. Reclassification resulted in less than one-seventh the number of supermarkets and grocery stores, more than three times the number of convenience stores, and twice as many limited-service restaurants—a much less healthy profile than the one generated by using exclusively the commercial databases. Conclusion. An explicit and replicable strategy is proposed for reclassifying food outlets in commercial databases into categories that differentiate on the basis of healthy food availability. The intent is to contribute towards building a consensus among researchers on definitions used in public health research for characterizing different types of food outlets.
An Examination of the Relationship between Neighborhood Income Inequality, Social Resources, and Obesity in Los Angeles County
Authors: Bjornstrom Eileen E. S. 
Published: October 2011

Purpose. This study examines whether local income inequality is associated with an increased likelihood of obesity among Los Angeles County residents and whether collective efficacy mediates the relationship. Design. A cross-sectional study of 2875 adults in 65 neighborhoods that took part in wave 1 of the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey in 2000-2001. Neighborhood measures are taken from the Los Angeles Neighborhood Services and Characteristics Database and decennial census. Measures. Obesity is defined as a body mass index over 30. Income inequality is operationalized with the Gini coefficient. Collective efficacy is a neighborhood-level measure comprised of aggregated responses to items that capture trust, cohesion, and the willingness to intervene for the common good among residents. Controls are included at the individual level for demographics and health characteristics, and at the neighborhood level for median household income. Analysis. Logistic regression models of individuals within neighborhoods. Results. When neighborhood economic well-being is controlled, income inequality is associated with a significant reduction in the likelihood of obesity while also controlling for individual demographic and health-related characteristics. Collective efficacy exerts an independent and beneficial effect but does not mediate the relationship between inequality and obesity. Conclusion. Neighborhood social resources and economic heterogeneity are associated with a lower likelihood of obesity. It may be that economically heterogeneous neighborhoods, perhaps especially in Los Angeles County, contain characteristics that promote health.
Development and Implementation of the Guiding Stars Nutrition Guidance Program
Authors: Fischer Leslie M. , Sutherland Lisa A. , Kaley Lori A. , Fox Tracy A. , Hasler Clare M. , Nobel Jeremy , Kantor Mark A. , Blumberg Jeffrey 
Published: October 2011

Purpose. To describe the collaborative process between a grocery retailer and a panel of nutrition experts used to develop a nutrition guidance system (Guiding Stars) that evaluates the nutrient profile of all edible products in the supermarket, and to report the results of the food and beverage ratings. Design. A collaboration between a private retailer and members of the scientific community that led to the development of a scoring algorithm used to evaluate the nutritional quality of foods and beverages. Setting/Subjects. Northeast supermarkets (n = 160). Measures. Food and beverage nutrition ratings and distribution of stars across different grocery categories. Analysis. Descriptive statistics for rating distributions were computed. T-tests were conducted to assess differences in mean nutrient values between foods with zero versus three stars or a dichotomized variable representing all foods with one to three stars. Results. All edible grocery items (n = 27,466) were evaluated, with 23.6% earning at least one star. Items receiving at least one star had lower mean levels of sodium, saturated fat, and sugars and higher amounts of fiber than products not earning stars. Conclusion. The Guiding Stars system rates edible products without regard to brand or manufacturer, and provides consumers with a simple tool to quickly identify more nutritious choices while shopping. The low percentage of products qualifying for stars reflects poorly on the food choices available to Americans.
Epoxy Ring Opening Phase Transfer as a General Route to Water Dispersible Superparamagnetic Fe3O4 Nanoparticles and Their Application as Positive MRI Contrast Agents
Authors: Ninjbadgar Tsedev , Brougham Dermot F. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA novel and efficient method to produce water dispersible superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles is described. Nanoparticles prepared by non‐hydrolytic organic phase methods are subsequently functionalized with (3‐glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane, a linker that prevents aggregation and is available for subsequent coupling reactions with a wide range of polymers and biomolecules. Ring opening coupling reactions were used to coat the epoxy‐functionalized magnetite nanoparticles with aminated polymers (polyetheramines) or small molecules (arginine). The resulting nanoparticles, with hydrodynamic size of 13 nm, are found to be very stable over extended periods in water or PBS due to the presence of a dense stabilizer layer covalently anchored to the surface. Exceptionally high spin‐lattice relaxivity, r1, values of 17 s−1 mM−1, and low r2/r1 ratios of 3.3–3.8 were exhibited in the clinical MRI frequency range, irrespective of the molecule selected for nanoparticle stabilization. As a result the dispersions are excellent candidates for incorporation into multi‐functional assemblies or for use as positive contrast agent for MRI.
Merocyanine/C60 Planar Heterojunction Solar Cells: Effect of Dye Orientation on Exciton Dissociation and Solar Cell Performance
Authors: Ojala Antti , Petersen Andreas , Fuchs Andreas , Lovrincic Robert , Pölking Carl , Trollmann Jens , Hwang Jaehyung , Lennartz Christian , Reichelt Helmut , Höffken Hans Wolfgang , Pucci Annemarie , Erk Peter , Kirchartz Thomas , Würthner Frank 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn this study the charge dissociation at the donor/acceptor heterointerface of thermally evaporated planar heterojunction merocyanine/C60 organic solar cells is investigated. Deposition of the donor material on a heated substrate as well as post‐annealing of the complete devices at temperatures above the glass transition temperature of the donor material results in a twofold increase of the fill factor. An analytical model employing an electric‐field‐dependent exciton dissociation mechanism reveals that geminate recombination is limiting the performance of as‐deposited cells. Fourier‐transform infrared ellipsometry shows that, at temperatures above the glass transition temperature of the donor material, the orientation of the dye molecules in the donor films undergoes changes upon annealing. Based on this finding, the influence of the dye molecules’ orientations on the charge‐transfer state energies is calculated by quantum mechanical/molecular mechanics methods. The results of these detailed studies provide new insight into the exciton dissociation process in organic photovoltaic devices, and thus valuable guidelines for designing new donor materials.
Mechanical behavior of areca fiber reinforced epoxy composites
Authors: Venkateshappa Srinivasa Chikkol , Jayadevappa Suresh Yalaburgi , Puttiah Prema Kumar Wooday 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn the present work, the mechanical properties of composites obtained by using areca fibers in epoxy matrix have been investigated. The areca fibers extracted from the areca husk are alkali‐treated with potassium hydroxide to get better interfacial bonding between fibers and matrix. The test specimens are prepared with different values of weight ratio of fiber to matrix, the fibers being randomly oriented. The test specimens are cured for different periods of time to study the effect of curing time on the mechanical properties. The results of tests such as water absorption, tension, compression, bending, impact, and hardness conducted on the test specimens are herein reported. It is found that the mechanical properties of the composites tested are greatly influenced by (i) alkali treatment of fiber, (ii) weight ratio of fiber–matrix, and (iii) curing time. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 31: 319–330, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.20255
A dynamic buildup growth model for magnetic particle accumulation on single wires in high‐gradient magnetic separation
Authors: Chen Fei , Smith Kenneth A. , Hatton T. Alan 
Published: October 2011

AbstractMagnetic fluids containing nano or submicron magnetic particles and their applications to food, biological, and pharmaceutical systems have recently attracted considerable attention. Magnetic particles can be collected efficiently in magnetizable matrices (e.g., iron wires) in high‐gradient magnetic separation processes. However, capture efficiencies based on results for clean, particle‐free, wires may be seriously in error because the particle accumulation on the wire distorts the flow and the magnetic fields, and thus influences the capture efficiency. A model is developed here in which the dynamic growth process is treated as a moving boundary problem, with the growing front tracked explicitly by marker points distributed evenly over its surface. The flow field and magnetic field are calculated using a finite element method, and a particle trajectory model is used to calculate the deposition flux on the surface. The marker point distribution and the buildup shape are updated at each simulation step. Simulation results show that, for weakly magnetic particles, the accumulation exhibits a smoothly growing front, whereas for strongly magnetic particles, an instability occurs, leading to dendritic growth. The capture efficiency decreases dramatically as particle accumulation increases; and this trend is more prominent for the transverse configuration than it is for the longitudinal configuration. The simulation results show good agreement with experimental results from the literature. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Early postoperative care following endoscopic sinus surgery: an evidence‐based review with recommendations
Authors: Rudmik Luke , Soler Zachary M. , Orlandi Richard R. , Stewart Michael G. , Bhattacharyya Neil , Kennedy David W. , Smith Timothy L. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackground:Early postoperative care following endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) has been suggested to minimize avoidable complications and optimize long‐term outcomes. Several postoperative care strategies have been proposed but a formal comprehensive evaluation of the evidence has never been performed. The purpose of this article is to provide an evidence‐based approach to early postoperative care following ESS.Methods:A systematic review of the literature was performed and the Clinical Practice Guideline Manual, Conference on Guideline Standardization (COGS), and the Appraisal of Guidelines and Research Evaluation (AGREE) instrument recommendations were followed. Study inclusion criteria were: adult population >18 years old; chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) based on published diagnostic criteria; ESS following failed medical therapy; primary study objective was to evaluate an ESS early postoperative care strategy; and clearly defined primary clinical end‐point.Results:This review identified and evaluated the literature on 7 early postoperative care strategies following ESS: saline irrigations, sinus cavity debridements, systemic steroids, topical steroids, oral antibiotics, topical decongestants, and drug‐eluting spacers/stents.Conclusion:Based on the available evidence, use of nasal saline irrigation, sinus cavity debridement, and standard topical nasal steroid spray are recommended early postoperative care interventions. Postoperative antibiotic, systemic steroid, nonstandard topical nasal steroid solution, and/or drug‐eluting spacers/stents are options in postoperative management. These evidence‐based recommendations should not necessarily be applied to all postoperative patients and clinical judgment, in addition to evidence, is critical to determining the most appropriate care. © 2011 ARS‐AAOA, LLC.
Anti–Aquaporin‐4 monoclonal antibody blocker therapy for neuromyelitis optica
Authors: Tradtrantip Lukmanee , Zhang Hua , Saadoun Samira , Phuan Puay‐Wah , Lam Chiwah , Papadopoulos Marios C. , Bennett Jeffrey L. , Verkman A. S. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjective:Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Circulating autoantibodies (NMO‐immunoglobulin [Ig]G) against astrocyte water channel aquaporin‐4 (AQP4) cause complement‐ and cell‐mediated astrocyte damage with consequent neuroinflammation and demyelination. Current NMO therapies, which have limited efficacy, include immunosuppression and plasma exchange. The objective of this study was to develop a potential new NMO therapy based on blocking of pathogenic NMO‐IgG binding to its target, AQP4.Methods:We generated nonpathogenic recombinant monoclonal anti‐AQP4 antibodies that selectively block NMO‐IgG binding to AQP4. These antibodies comprise a tight‐binding anti‐AQP4 Fab and a mutated Fc that lacks functionality for complement‐ and cell‐mediated cytotoxicity. The efficacy of the blocking antibodies was studied using cell culture, spinal cord slice, and in vivo mouse models of NMO.Results:In AQP4‐expressing cell cultures, the nonpathogenic competing antibodies blocked binding of NMO‐IgG in human sera, reducing to near zero complement‐ and cell‐mediated cytotoxicity. The antibodies prevented the development of NMO lesions in an ex vivo spinal cord slice model of NMO and in an in vivo mouse model, without causing cytotoxicity.Interpretation:Our results provide proof of concept for a therapy of NMO with blocking antibodies. The broad efficacy of antibody inhibition is likely due to steric competition because of its large physical size compared to AQP4. Blocker therapy to prevent binding of pathogenic autoantibodies to their targets may be useful for treatment of other autoimmune diseases as well. ANN NEUROL 2012;
Increased gene dosage of myelin protein zero causes Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease
Authors: Maeda Meiko Hashimoto , Mitsui Jun , Soong Bing‐Wen , Takahashi Yuji , Ishiura Hiroyuki , Hayashi Shin , Shirota Yuichiro , Ichikawa Yaeko , Matsumoto Hideyuki , Arai Makoto , Okamoto Tomoko , Miyama Sahoko , Shimizu Jun , Inazawa Johji , Goto Jun , Tsuji Shoji 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjective:On the basis of the hypothesis that copy number mutations of the genes encoding myelin compact proteins are responsible for myelin disorders in humans, we have explored the possibility of copy number mutations in patients with Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease (CMT) whose responsible genes remain undefined.Methods:A family with 6 affected members in 3 consecutive generations, presenting with motor and sensory demyelinating polyneuropathy, was investigated. Characteristic clinical features in this pedigree include Adie pupils and substantial intrafamilial variability in the age at onset, electrophysiological findings, and clinical severity. Nucleotide sequence analyses of PMP22, MPZ, or GJB1 and gene dosage study of PMP22 did not reveal causative mutations. Hence, we applied a custom‐designed array for comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) analysis to conduct a comprehensive screening of copy number mutations involving any of the known causative genes for CMT other than PMP22.Results:The array CGH analyses revealed increased gene dosage involving the whole MPZ, and the flanking genes of SDHC and C1orf192. The gene dosage is estimated to be 5 copies. This mutation showed complete cosegregation with the disease phenotype in this pedigree.Interpretation:The increased gene dosage of MPZ and increased expression level of MPZ mRNA emphasize the important role of the dosage of the MPZ protein in the functional integrity of peripheral nerve myelin in humans, and provide a new insight into the pathogenic mechanisms underlying CMT. ANN NEUROL 2012;71:84–92
Characterization and antioxidative properties of condensed tannins from the mangrove plant Aegiceras corniculatum
Authors: Wei Shu‐Dong , Lin Yi‐Ming , Liao Meng‐Meng , Zhou Hai‐Chao , Li Yuan‐Yue 
Published: October 2011

AbstractFreeze‐dried leaf, stem bark, and root bark powders of Aegiceras corniculatum were extracted with three different types of polar solvents: methanol, ethyl acetate, and water. The methanol extracts had the highest concentrations in total phenolics and extractable condensed tannins, followed by water and ethyl acetate extracts. Analysis by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) suggested that condensed tannins from leaf, stem bark, and root bark contained prodelphinidins and procyanidins, with the predominance of prodelphinidins and high level of galloylation. Acid‐catalyzed degradation in the presence of benzyl mercaptan indicated that gallocatechin, epigallocatechin, epigallocatechin‐3‐O‐gallate, and epicatechin‐3‐O‐gallate occurred as the terminal units and (epi)gallocatechin, (epi)gallocatechin‐3‐O‐gallate, (epi)catechin, and (epi)catechin‐3‐O‐gallate occurred as the extension units. The mean degrees of polymerization (mDP) of condensed tannins from leaf, stem bark, and root bark were 13.5, 7.4, and 12.3, respectively. The condensed tannins from leaf and stem bark exhibited a higher DPPH radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing/antioxidant power compared to that of synthetic antioxidant butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Employing document dependency in blog search
Authors: Keikha Mostafa , Crestani Fabio , Carman Mark James 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe goal in blog search is to rank blogs according to their recurrent relevance to the topic of the query. State‐of‐the‐art approaches view it as an expert search or resource selection problem. We investigate the effect of content‐based similarity between posts on the performance of the retrieval system. We test two different approaches for smoothing (regularizing) relevance scores of posts based on their dependencies. In the first approach, we smooth term distributions describing posts by performing a random walk over a document‐term graph in which similar posts are highly connected. In the second, we directly smooth scores for posts using a regularization framework that aims to minimize the discrepancy between scores for similar documents. We then extend these approaches to consider the time interval between the posts in smoothing the scores. The idea is that if two posts are temporally close, then they are good sources for smoothing each other's relevance scores. We compare these methods with the state‐of‐the‐art approaches in blog search that employ Language Modeling‐based resource selection algorithms and fusion‐based methods for aggregating post relevance scores. We show performance gains over the baseline techniques which do not take advantage of the relation between posts for smoothing relevance estimates.
Mapping world scientific collaboration: Authors, institutions, and countries
Authors: Gazni Ali , Sugimoto Cassidy R. , Didegah Fereshteh 
Published: October 2011

AbstractInternational collaboration is being heralded as the hallmark of contemporary scientific production. Yet little quantitative evidence has portrayed the landscape and trends of such collaboration. To this end, 14,000,000 documents indexed in Thomson Reuters's Web of Science (WoS) were studied to provide a state‐of‐the‐art description of scientific collaborations across the world. The results indicate that the number of authors in the largest research teams have not significantly grown during the past decade; however, the number of smaller research teams has seen significant increases in growth. In terms of composition, the largest teams have become more diverse than the latter teams and tend more toward interinstitutional and international collaboration. Investigating the size of teams showed large variation between fields. Mapping scientific cooperation at the country level reveals that Western countries situated at the core of the map are extensively cooperating with each other. High‐impact institutions are significantly more collaborative than others. This work should inform policy makers, administrators, and those interested in the progression of scientific collaboration.