bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of a novel deep eutectic solvent modified carbon nanotube for pipette-tip micro solid phase extraction of 6-mercaptopurine
Authors: Raisi Leila , Hashemi Sayyed Hossein , Jamali Keikha Ahmad , Kaykhaii Massoud 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) is a chemotherapy drug mainly used to treat leukemia. It is a persistent organic pollutant and can remain in the environment for a long period of time. The presence of 6-MP in the environment poses a number of hazards and needs to be assessed to monitor its potential risk to human health and the environment. However, due to its trace amount in complicated matrices, a clean-up and preconcentration step before its determination is compulsory.

Results
As a highly efficient adsorbent for the extrication of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP), a novel carbon nanotube doped with camphor: decanoic acid deep eutectic solvent was synthesized and applied as a packing material for the pipette-tip micro solid phase extraction sorbent of 6-MP from tap, wastewater and seawater samples before its spectrophotometric determination. Characteristics and structure of this adsorbent was fully investigated. Factors affecting extraction, including type and volume of the eluent, ionic strength and pH of the sample solution, amount of adsorbent, and number of extraction and elution cycles were optimized using one-factor-at-a-time and response surface methodologies. The method was found to be linear in the range of 1 to 1000 µg/L with a limit of detection and quantification of 0.2 and 0.7 µg/L, respectively. Reproducibility as relative standard deviation was better than 4.6%.

Conclusion
Application of deep eutectic solvent modified carbon nanotube indicated suitable microextraction results and good potential for rapid extraction of trace amounts of 6-MP from different aqueous samples. The amount of sample required for the analysis was less than 10 mL and only 1.5 mg of the adsorbent was used. The total analysis time, including extraction was less than 15 min and the adsorbent could be used for at least 10 times, without significantly losing its adsorption ability. Compared to using unmodified usual carbon nanotubes, deep eutectic solvent doped carbon nanotubes showed 19.8% higher extraction ability.
Whole-brain connections of glutamatergic neurons in the mouse lateral habenula in both sexes
Authors: Huang Hongren , Liu Xue , Wang Liping , Wang Feng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
The lateral habenula (LHb) is an epithalamus nucleus that is evolutionarily conserved and involved in various physiological functions, such as encoding value signals, integrating emotional information, and regulating related behaviors. The cells in the LHb are predominantly glutamatergic and have heterogeneous functions in response to different stimuli. The circuitry connections of the LHb glutamatergic neurons play a crucial role in integrating a wide range of events. However, the circuitry connections of LHb glutamatergic neurons in both sexes have not been thoroughly investigated.

Methods
In this study, we injected Cre-dependent retrograde trace virus and anterograde synaptophysin-labeling virus into the LHb of adult male and female Vglut2-ires-Cre mice, respectively. We then quantitatively analyzed the input and output of the LHb glutamatergic connections in both the ipsilateral and contralateral whole brain.

Results
Our findings showed that the inputs to LHbvGlut2 neurons come from more than 30 brain subregions, including the cortex, striatum, pallidum, thalamus, hypothalamus, midbrain, pons, medulla, and cerebellum with no significant differences between males and females. The outputs of LHbvGlut2 neurons targeted eight large brain regions, primarily focusing on the midbrain and pons nuclei, with distinct features in presynaptic bouton across different brain subregions. While correlation and cluster analysis revealed differences in input and collateral projection features, the input-output connection pattern of LHbvGlut2 neurons in both sexes was highly similar.

Conclusions
This study provides a systematic and comprehensive analysis of the input and output connections of LHbvGlut2 neurons in male and female mice, shedding light on the anatomical architecture of these specific cell types in the mouse LHb. This structural understanding can help guide further investigations into the complex functions of the LHb.
η-Stability for stochastic functional differential equation driven by time-changed Brownian motion
Authors: He Xianping , Zhang Yaru , Wang Yue , Li Zhi , Xu Liping 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis manuscript focuses on a class of stochastic functional differential equations driven by time-changed Brownian motion. By utilizing the Lyapunov method, we capture some sufficient conditions to ensure that the solution for the considered equation is η-stable in the pth moment sense. Subsequently, we present some new criteria of the η-stability in mean square by using time-changed Itô formula and proof by contradiction. Finally, we provide some examples to demonstrate the effectiveness of our main results.
Factors influencing the commissioning and implementation of health and social care interventions for people with dementia: commissioner and stakeholder perspectives
Authors: Tucker Rachael , Vickers Robert , Adams Emma J. , Burgon Clare , Lock Juliette , Goldberg Sarah E. , Gladman John , Masud Tahir , Orton Elizabeth , Timmons Stephen , Harwood Rowan H. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Despite several interventions demonstrating benefit to people living with dementia and their caregivers, few have been translated and implemented in routine clinical practice. There is limited evidence of the barriers and facilitators for commissioning and implementing health and social care interventions for people living with dementia. The aim of the current study was to explore the barriers and facilitators to commissioning and implementing health and social care interventions for people with dementia, using a dementia friendly exercise and physical activity-based intervention (PrAISED [Promoting Activity, Stability and Independence in Early Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment]) as a case study.

Methods
Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with stakeholders from a range of backgrounds including individuals from health and social care, local government, the voluntary and community sector, universities, and research centres in England. The Consolidated Framework for Intervention Research (CFIR) was used to guide the design and analysis.

Results
Fourteen participants took part, including commissioning managers, service managers, partnership managers, charity representatives, commercial research specialists, academics/researchers, and healthcare professionals. Data were represented in 33 constructs across the five CFIR domains. Participants identified a need for greater support for people diagnosed with dementia and their caregivers immediately post dementia diagnosis. Key barriers included cost/financing, the culture of commissioning, and available resources. Key facilitators included the adaptability of the intervention, cosmopolitanism/partnerships and connections, external policy and incentives, and the use of already existing (and untapped) workforces.

Conclusion
Several barriers and facilitators for commissioning and implementing health and social care interventions for people with dementia were identified which need to be addressed. Recommended actions to facilitate the commissioning and implementation of dementia friendly services are: 1) map out local needs, 2) evidence the intervention including effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, 3) create/utilise networks with stakeholders, and 4) plan required resources.
Light grazing alleviates aeolian erosion–deposition effects on microbial communities in a semi-arid grassland
Authors: Cui Mingming , Bao Biqi , Wu Yipu , Hui Nan , Li Mai-He , Wan Shiqiang , Han Shijie , Ren Feirong , Zheng Junqiang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Soil erosion affects the stability of terrestrial ecosystems and ecosystem services by directly or indirectly impacting the cycling of soil materials and energy and reducing the fertility of grassland soils. However, research on microbial adaptation to grazing and soil erosion is limited, particularly in relation to grassland ecosystem restoration. Here, we assess microbial communities subjected to simulated soil erosion and grazing in a semi-arid grassland of Inner Mongolia, China.

Results
No significant change was observed in soil variables. However, the structure of the soil microbial community underwent significant changes as a result of soil erosion and soil erosion plus grazing, leading to a significant increase in the relative abundance of Cyanobacteria (116.80% vs 116.38%). Wind erosion and deposition contributed to an increase in the network complexity of soil bacterial and fungal communities. However, much of this effect was alleviated by grazing. Simultaneously, aeolian processes and grazing regulate soil microbial community assembly, leading to inconsistent patterns of change in bacterial and fungal communities. Under wind erosion and deposition, the relative contribution of deterministic processes (4.44% vs 31.11%) in bacterial communities increased, while the relative contribution of stochastic processes (2.23% vs 20%) in fungal communities reduced. Grazing resulted in a decrease in the relative contribution of deterministic processes (8.89%) in the bacterial community and an increase in the relative contribution of stochastic processes (8.89%) in the fungal community.

Conclusion
This study presents a comprehensive investigation of the response of soil microbial communities to aeolian erosion–deposition and grazing in a semi-arid grassland. Our findings indicate that microbial communities in the semi-arid grassland show resistance to external disturbances and that light grazing mitigates the effects of aeolian erosion–deposition on microbial communities, which is essential for maintaining the stability and biodiversity of grassland ecosystems.
Exploring the role of histone deacetylase and histone deacetylase inhibitors in the context of multiple myeloma: mechanisms, therapeutic implications, and future perspectives
Authors: Pu Jingjing , Liu Ting , Wang Xuzhen , Sharma Amit , Schmidt-Wolf Ingo G. H. , Jiang Liping , Hou Jian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHistone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) are a significant category of pharmaceuticals that have developed in the past two decades to treat multiple myeloma. Four drugs in this category have received approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use: Panobinonstat (though canceled by the FDA in 2022), Vorinostat, Belinostat and Romidepsin. The efficacy of this group of drugs is attributed to the disruption of many processes involved in tumor growth through the inhibition of histone deacetylase, and this mode of action leads to significant anti-multiple myeloma (MM) activity. In MM, inhibition of histone deacetylase has many downstream consequences, including suppression of NF-κB signaling and HSP90, upregulation of cell cycle regulators (p21, p53), and downregulation of antiapoptotic proteins including Bcl-2. Furthermore, HDACis have a variety of direct and indirect oxidative effects on cellular DNA. HDAC inhibitors enhance normal immune function, thereby decreasing the proliferation of malignant plasma cells and promoting autophagy. The various biological effects of inhibiting histone deacetylase have a combined or additional impact when used alongside other chemotherapeutic and targeted drugs for multiple myeloma. This helps to decrease resistance to treatment. Combination treatment regimens that include HDACis have become an essential part of the therapy for multiple myeloma. These regimens incorporate drugs from other important classes of anti-myeloma agents, such as immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs), conventional chemotherapy, monoclonal antibodies, and proteasome inhibitors. This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of the clinical efficacy and safety data pertaining to the currently approved histone deacetylase inhibitors, as well as an explanation of the crucial function of histone deacetylase in multiple myeloma and the characteristics of the different histone deacetylase inhibitors. Moreover, it provides a concise overview of the most recent developments in the use of histone deacetylase inhibitors for treating multiple myeloma, as well as potential future uses in treatment.
Hf-W dating of zircon in mesosiderite with high-pressure sintered standard
Authors: Sano Yuji , Koyama Yuta , Takahata Naoto , Matsuzaki Takuya , Koike Mizuho , Haba Makiko K. , Sakata Shuhei , Kuwahara Hideharu , Irifune Tetsuo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNew standard zircons applicable to in situ analysis of Hf/W ratio by Nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometer (NanoSIMS) were prepared and applied to Hf-W dating of a differentiated meteorite classified as mesosiderite. The standard zircons were synthesized by high-pressure experiment from starting materials which were mixture of hafnium oxide, tungsten oxide and high-purity zircon powder. The mixed powders were stirred and pulverized by a high-energy ball mill. They were then sintered at 1000 °C and 6 GPa using multi-anvil apparatus. Homogeneity of Hf/W ratios of synthesized zircons was examined by SEM–EDS, EPMA, and Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (LA-ICPMS). Hf/W ratios of the same zircons were measured by a NanoSIMS with 2 nA oxygen primary beam and mass resolving power of 10,000. The relative sensitivity factor (RSF) of Hf/W ratio was determined by comparing zircon data measured by LA-ICPMS and NanoSIMS. Observed RSF (Hf/W) of zircon is 0.585 ± 0.180 (hereafter all error 2σ) consistent with 0.855 ± 0.468 of previous work within experimental error margin. The value is higher than observed RSF of glass matrix, 0.301 ± 0.062, and significantly higher than glass data of 0.21–0.22 in references. Based on the RSF, the Hf/W ratios of zircons extracted from mesosiderite “Asuka 882,023” were measured together with W isotopic compositions by NanoSIMS. Observed data in 180Hf/186W–182W/186W diagram are fitted by a straight line, yielding a slope (182Hf/180Hf) of 8.19 ± 3.50 × 10–6. This slope is converted into an absolute zircon Hf-W age of 4536.5+4.6–7.2 Ma using the age anchor of CV3 chondrite. This age agrees well with a reference value of 4532.0+11.4–20.8 Ma.
Both the scion and rootstock of grafted grapevines influence the rhizosphere and root endophyte microbiomes, but rootstocks have a greater impact
Authors: Lailheugue Vincent , Darriaut Romain , Tran Joseph , Morel Marine , Marguerit Elisa , Lauvergeat Virginie 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Soil microorganisms play an extensive role in the biogeochemical cycles providing the nutrients necessary for plant growth. Root-associated bacteria and fungi, originated from soil, are also known to influence host health. In response to environmental stresses, the plant roots exude specific molecules influencing the composition and functioning of the rhizospheric and root microbiomes. This response is host genotype-dependent and is affected by the soil microbiological and chemical properties. It is essential to unravel the influence of grapevine rootstock and scion genotypes on the composition of this microbiome, and to investigate this relationship with plant growth and adaptation to its environment. Here, the composition and the predicted functions of the microbiome of the root system were studied using metabarcoding on ten grapevine scion-rootstock combinations, in addition to plant growth and nutrition measurements.

Results
The rootstock genotype significantly influenced the diversity and the structure of the bacterial and fungal microbiome, as well as its predicted functioning in rhizosphere and root compartments when grafted with the same scion cultivar. Based on β-diversity analyses, 1103P rootstock showed distinct bacterial and fungal communities compared to the five others (RGM, SO4, 41B, 3309 C and Nemadex). The influence of the scion genotype was more variable depending on the community and the investigated compartment. Its contribution was primarily observed on the β-diversity measured for bacteria and fungi in both root system compartments, as well as for the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the rhizosphere. Significant correlations were established between microbial variables and the plant phenotype, as well as with the plant mineral status measured in the petioles and the roots.

Conclusion
These results shed light on the capacity of grapevine rootstock and scion genotypes to recruit different functional communities of microorganisms, which affect host growth and adaptation to the environment. Selecting rootstocks capable of associating with positive symbiotic microorganisms is an adaptation tool that can facilitate the move towards sustainable viticulture and help cope with environmental constraints.
Steady-state selection in multi-species driven diffusive systems
Authors: Cantini Luigi , Zahra Ali 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We introduce a general method to determine the large-scale non-equilibrium steady-state properties of one-dimensional multi-species driven diffusive systems with open boundaries, generalizing thus the max-min current principle known for systems with a single type of particles. This method is based on the solution of the Riemann problem of the associated system of conservation laws. We demonstrate that the effective density of a reservoir depends not only on the corresponding boundary hopping rates but also on the dynamics of the entire system, emphasizing the interplay between bulk and reservoirs. We highlight the role of Riemann variables in establishing the phase diagram of such systems. We apply our method to three models of multi-species interacting particle systems and compare the theoretical predictions with numerical simulations.
The equivalences of community detection methods for bipartite networks
Authors: Wu Guolin , Wu Jinzhao , Gu Changgui , Yuan Yuan , Tang Haitao 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Investigating the community structures of bipartite networks is a frequent topic of discussion in the ecological and social fields. The most widely used methods, as proposed by numerous academics from varying perspectives, include spectral graph partitioning, modularity, non-negative matrix factorization, and stochastic block model. In this paper, we demonstrate three equivalences among these four methods. i) Both Dhillon spectral graph partitioning and Barber modularity clustering are equivalent to solving for the matrix's left and right singular vectors after relaxing the discrete constraints. ii) The non-negative matrix factorization clustering is equivalent to the Dhillon spectral graph partitioning. iii) The bipartite stochastic block model is equivalent to the constraint-based NMF that uses K-L divergence as its cost function. These equivalences, obtained through rigorous mathematical derivations, will aid in the future development of efficient algorithms for community detection in bipartite networks.
Do Iliac Screws Placed Close to the Sciatic Notch Have Greater Pullout Strength?
Authors: Chanbour Hani , Roth Steven G. , Chen Jeffrey W. , Uppuganti Sasidhar , Nyman Jeffry S. , Ali Mir Amaan , Bonfield Christopher M. , Abtahi Amir M. , Stephens Byron F. , Zuckerman Scott L. 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Optimal iliac screw position in relation to the sciatic notch remains unknown. In 12 cadavers undergoing S2 alar-iliac (S2AI) screw placement, we tested the pullout strength of screws placed in proximity to the sciatic notch (≤5 mm) vs farther away from the sciatic notch (>5 mm).

METHODS:
A biomechanical, cadaver-based study was performed on 12 cadavers undergoing bilateral S2AI screw insertion. The position of the S2AI screw regarding the sciatic notch was dichotomized as ≤5 mm from the sciatic notch on the right side and >5 mm on the left side, confirmed using c-arm fluoroscopy. The primary outcome was the pullout strength of the screw (N). Secondary outcomes were stiffness (N/mm), yield force (N), and work to failure (N mm). Ischial tuberosity was embedded into polymethyl methacrylate and secured to a custom 3-axis vise grip mounted to a 14.5-kN load cell. Pullout testing was performed at 5 mm/min. Force and displacement data were collected at 100 Hz and evaluated using MATLAB. The Mann–Whitney test was performed.

RESULTS:
Of 24 S2AI screws, 3 screws could not be tested because of cement–bone interface failure. A positive though nonsignificant trend of screw pullout strength was found for screws close to the notch compared with those farther from the notch (861.8 ± 340.7 vs 778.7 ± 350.8 N, P = .859). Similarly, screws close to the notch demonstrated a higher trend of stiffness (149.4 ± 145.4 vs 111.34 ± 128.2 N/mm, P = .320) and force to yield (806.9 ± 352.0 vs 618.6 ± 342.9 N, P = .455). Conversely, screws farther from the notch had a higher but similarly nonsignificant area under the force–displacement curve (10 867.0 ± 9565.0 vs 14 196.6 ± 9578.3 N mm, P = .455), which might be due to excess sheer/translation force that could not be reliably quantified.

CONCLUSION:
Although placing S2AI screws ≤5 mm of the sciatic notch provided stronger fixation in 3 of 4 biomechanical testing categories, these results were not statistically significant. Therefore, placing S2AI screws ≤5 mm of the sciatic notch did not provide stronger fixation.
Studies on variability in mode of infection by the isolates of leaf pathogens isolated from diseased leaves of Musa paradisiaca from Uttar Dinajpur District
Authors: Das Debarati , Chowhan Papan , Mandal Parimal , Chakraborty Arka Pratim 
Published: April 2024

Banana is (Musa sp) one of the most exoteric and materialistic fruit crop of many tropical and subtropical areas in India. Banana leaf diseases, caused by several fungal pathogens are one of the major diseases. Among the fungi causing banana leaf diseases, Curvularia sp/C. lunata is one of the main causal organisms causing leaf spot disease in banana plant. Two fungal isolates- MUSLF-2, MUSLF-3 and one fungal isolate- MUSLF-1 were isolated from the infected leaf from Ramganj and Gotgaon locations. Based on light microscopic and scanning electron microscopic studies, MUSLF-2 and MUSLF-3 were identified as Curvularia sp. After Koch’s postulate, three fungal isolates- MUSLF-2, MUSLF-3 [Curvularia sp] and MUSLF-1 were applied in banana field along with foliar spray of spore suspensions. The symptoms were similar to those observed in the in vitro detached leaf inoculation technique. The present research work depicts about the severity of leaf spot diseases of Musa paradisiaca and the nature of mode of infections exhibited by the fungal pathogens.
Imbalanced Multiclass Data Classification Using Combined Data Sampling and Deep Learning Method
Authors: Shunmugasundaram Sivasankari 
Published: April 2024

Multiclass Classification for finding pattern refers to classifying each data to part of the classes or labels that are generally more than two. The foremost challenge in classifying is with imbalanced data that have large portion data known to be majority class, and small portion known as minority class that leads to poor understanding of samples and less accurate results. The existing works discussed Random Upsampling, Random Downsampling, SMOTE methods individually with FeedForward Neural Network and found Random Oversampling gave better results .However, it generates more duplicate data and has less accuracy. Hence , this research work put forward Combined Random Over-Under Sampling approach that was preprocessed prior with Replacing Missing value with mean, Feature selection, Noise Filtering. Meanwhile this work extends the existing FeedForward Neural Network to Deep Learning . The proposed work is implemented in Rapidminer tool, assessed with appropriate evaluation measures for training and testing data individually.