bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revealing the Origin of Graphene Anchored Single Palladium Atom for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to Syngas with Tunable CO/H2 Ratios
Authors: Li Fuhua , Tang Qing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPd based catalysts are rare metal‐based catalyst to yield tunable CO/H2 ratios for Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis. How to achieve the co‐production of CO and H2 with as little Pd as possible is extremely meaningful for Cn industry. Recent experiment revealed single Pd atom anchored on graphene exhibits high activity for CO2 electroreduction to syngas, yet the origin of activity and controllable CO/H2 ratios, especially the exact Pd coordination structure, remains elusive. Here we employ grand‐canonical density functional theory to show that Pd−N1, rather than the commonly accepted Pd‐N4, serves as the active center, and the charge‐carrying capability is an effective descriptor. The site with more Pd−C coordination can better submerge in graphene‘s delocalized π electrons for higher charge‐carrying capacity to carry excess charges that occupy Pd 4dz2 orbital and promote electron injection. Importantly, the tunable CO/H2 ratio can be explained with difference in charge‐carrying capability of transition state for *COOH and *H2 formation. This work solves the puzzle of coordinating structure of Pd active site and demonstrates the important role of charge‐carrying capability in electrochemical process, which shall provide a reference for further exploration of efficient electrocatalysts.
Omniphobic/superhydrophobic surface effect on oil and gas flow: A critical review
Authors: Hasan Mehedi , Sun Baojiang , Bahaeddine Mihoubi , Liang Youran , Damulira Moses , Chen Litao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFlow assurance in the petroleum business of the oil and gas industry ensures the efficient and continuous flow of hydrocarbons from production facilities to consumers. Impurities in oil and gas can cause corrosion and erosion, hydrate formation, scaling, and fouling, resulting in flow limits and reduced operating efficiency. The significant flow assurance issues must be managed through systematic exploration of effective mitigation and management approaches. The objective of this paper is to highlight the latest research in the field of flow assurance, including the application of superhydrophobic or omniphobic coatings to prevent scale growth, asphaltene precipitation, wax deposition, and hydrate formation. This review will provide new perspectives into the basic mechanistic mechanisms of deposition and blockage in oil and gas production systems, assisting in the development of novel methods compared to the employment of commercial chemical or mechanical techniques. Overall, the flow assurance engineers will gain new perspectives from this study regarding how to deal with the risk of pipeline blockage caused by the problems mentioned earlier.
Multiplicative chaos measures from thick points of log‐correlated fields
Authors: Junnila Janne , Lambert Gaultier , Webb Christian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe prove that multiplicative chaos measures can be constructed from extreme level sets or thick points of the underlying logarithmically correlated field. We develop a method which covers the whole subcritical phase and only requires asymptotics of suitable exponential moments for the field. As an application, we establish that these estimates hold for the logarithm of the absolute value of the characteristic polynomial of a Haar distributed random unitary matrix (CUE), using known asymptotics for Toeplitz determinant with (merging) Fisher–Hartwig singularities. Hence, this proves a conjecture of Fyodorov and Keating concerning the fluctuations of the volume of thick points of the CUE characteristic polynomial.
A novel bipolar coil structure with high interoperability performance for electric vehicle wireless charging systems
Authors: Liu Chao , Zhou Mingzhu , Xie Ronghuan , Zhuang Yizhan , Zhang Yiming 
Published: May 2024

SummaryThe magnetic couplers play an important role in electric vehicle (EV) wireless power transfer (WPT) systems. Conversational coupling structures are mainly based on unipolar, bipolar, and quadrupole coils, and the interoperability among them cannot be achieved. To solve the interoperability problem in the coupling structure, a novel bipolar coil structure is proposed in this paper. Energy transfer with unipolar and bipolar coils is achieved by interconnecting unipolar and bipolar types crosswise in the same plane and combining them with the corresponding topologies. They are connected in series on the dc side. An experimental prototype is built to verify the interoperability performance of the proposed novel bipolar coil structure. The proposed novel bipolar coil structure can be compatible with unipolar, bipolar, and quadrupole coils and achieve a maximum dc‐dc efficiency of more than 85%.
A simple eco‐friendly carbon paste modified electrode using chitosan‐CaO nanocomposite for the voltammetric detection of the antibiotic ornidazole in real samples
Authors: Shamroukh Ahmed A. , Rabie E. , Assaf H. , Khodari M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHerein, an eco‐friendly, simple, inexpensive electrochemical sensor for the antibiotic ornidazole (ORN) was developed based on a carbon paste electrode modified by chitosan‐CaO nanocomposite (Chi‐CaO‐NC/CPE). Eggshell waste was utilized to prepare CaO‐NPs which were then combined with chitosan (Chi) to obtain Chi‐CaO‐NC/CPE. The prepared Chi‐CaO‐NC/CPE was characterized by different techniques such as XRD, FTIR, SEM, and EDX. The produced sensor showed higher electrocatalytic activity toward ORN in (0.1 M) PBS (pH 7.0) than the unmodified CPE. The influence of pH and scanning rate on the reduction peak of ORN implies that the reduction process of ORN at the Chi‐CaO‐NC/CPE surface was a diffusion‐controlled reaction with four electrons and four protons. Additionally, under ideal conditions, differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) revealed that the cathodic current was directly proportional to ORN concentrations within two various detection ranges of 0.015–0.3 μM and 0.3–4.5 μM. The limit of quantification (LOQ), and the limit of detection (LOD) were 0.0138 μM and 4.13×10−3 μM, respectively. Moreover, the fabricated sensor provided acceptable selectivity towards ORN, good stability, and repeatable response, with recoveries ranging from 95.8 %–102.0 %; this electrode was also successful in detecting ORN in commercial tablets and milk samples.
Global oral health initiative: World Health Organization strategic action plan
Authors: Ben Yahya Ihsane 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDentistry today is a profession which is facing several challenges:

Oral health is less good than thirty years ago, especially in thelow social-economic level countries and emerging countries.
A reduced or poorly distributed number of professionals, which necessarily implies unequal access to care.
Multiple social determinants which are more and more impacting oral health.To tackle these challenges, WHO launched the WHO Global Oral Health strategy which it goal is to guide Member States to:

develop ambitious national responses to promote oral health
reduce oral diseases, other oral conditions and oral health inequalities
strengthen efforts to address oral diseases and conditions as part of universal health coverage; and consider the development of targets and indicators, based on national and subnational contexts, building on the guidance to be provided by the WHO global action plan 2023–2030 on oral health.
Comparative analysis of gene and disease selection in genomic newborn screening studies
Authors: Betzler Isabel R. , Hempel Maja , Mütze Ulrike , Kölker Stefan , Winkler Eva , Dikow Nicola , Garbade Sven F. , Schaaf Christian P. , Brennenstuhl Heiko 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGenomic newborn screening (gNBS) is on the horizon given the decreasing costs of sequencing and the advanced understanding of the impact of genetic variants on health and diseases. Key to ongoing gNBS pilot studies is the selection of target diseases and associated genes to be included. In this study, we present a comprehensive analysis of seven published gene–disease lists from gNBS studies, evaluating gene–disease count, composition, group proportions, and ClinGen curations of individual disorders. Despite shared selection criteria, we observe substantial variation in total gene count (median 480, range 237–889) and disease group composition. An intersection was identified for 53 genes, primarily inherited metabolic diseases (83%, 44/53). Each study investigated a subset of exclusive gene–disease pairs, and the total number of exclusive gene–disease pairs was positively correlated with the total number of genes included per study. While most pairs receive “Definitive” or “Strong” ClinGen classifications, some are labeled as “Refuted” (n = 5) or “Disputed” (n = 28), particularly in genetic cardiac diseases. Importantly, 17%–48% of genes lack ClinGen curation. This study underscores the current absence of consensus recommendations for selection criteria for target diseases for gNBS resulting in diversity in proposed gene–disease pairs, their coupling with gene variations and the use of ClinGen curation. Our findings provide crucial insights into the selection of target diseases and accompanying gene variations for future gNBS program, emphasizing the necessity for ongoing collaboration and discussion about criteria harmonization for panel selection to ensure the screening's objectivity, integrity, and broad acceptance.
Greater sage‐grouse chick mortality risk relative to livestock grazing management, environmental factors, and morphometric measurements
Authors: Berkeley Lorelle I. , Szczypinski Mark , Coons Shea P. , Dreitz Victoria J. , Gude Justin A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGreater sage‐grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus; sage‐grouse) populations in the western United States have declined, necessitating conservation efforts. The United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service and livestock producers implemented the Sage Grouse Initiative (SGI) to improve sage‐grouse habitat using regional‐specific management actions such as rotational grazing. We assessed the effect of SGI grazing management, the influence of brood female and chick morphometric traits, and multiple environmental and anthropogenic disturbance factors on chick mortality risk in a sage‐grouse population in central Montana, USA, from 2011–2019. We used a Kaplan‐Meier survival function to evaluate chick survival, Cox proportional hazards models to evaluate chick mortality risk as a function of brood female and chick morphometric traits, and the Andersen‐Gill formulation of the Cox proportional hazards model to assess the effects of time‐dependent habitat characteristics on chick mortality risk. Survival to 45 days post‐hatch for 510 chicks varied annually from 0.26 ± 0.07 (SE) to 0.69 ± 0.07. The 45‐day survival rate for all years combined was 0.51 ± 0.03. Chick mortality risk was not affected by changes in livestock grazing management implemented through the SGI grazing program. Brood female age and body condition, sex of chicks, vegetation, and anthropogenic variables were also unassociated with chick mortality risk. There were small protective effects of chick mass adjusted for age and mean minimum monthly temperature; greater chick mass and lower monthly temperatures correlated with reduced mortality risk. Overall, our study suggests the SGI grazing program does not confer additional benefits to sage‐grouse chicks beyond existing grazing practices. Incentivizing grazing practices that adhere to fundamental principles of rangeland ecology and maintain intact rangelands may be more effective than specific prescribed grazing systems for sage‐grouse conservation in this region.
A survey of the Sli gene in wild and cultivated potato
Authors: Ames Mercedes , Hamernik Andy , Behling William , Douches David S. , Halterman Dennis A. , Bethke Paul C. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractInbred‐hybrid breeding of diploid potatoes necessitates breeding lines that are self‐compatible. One way of incorporating self‐compatibility into incompatible cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum) germplasm is to introduce the S‐locus inhibitor gene (Sli), which functions as a dominant inhibitor of gametophytic self‐incompatibility. To learn more about Sli diversity and function in wild species relatives of cultivated potato, we obtained Sli gene sequences that extended from the 5′UTR to the 3′UTR from 133 individuals from 22 wild species relatives of potato and eight diverse cultivated potato clones. DNA sequence alignment and phylogenetic trees based on genomic and protein sequences show that there are two highly conserved groups of Sli sequences. DNA sequences in one group contain the 533 bp insertion upstream of the start codon identified previously in self‐compatible potato. The second group lacks the insertion. Three diploid and four polyploid individuals of wild species collected from geographically disjointed localities contained Sli with the 533 bp insertion. For most of the wild species clones examined, however, Sli did not have the insertion. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Sli sequences with the insertion, in wild species and in cultivated clones, trace back to a single origin. Some diploid wild potatoes that have Sli with the insertion were self‐incompatible and some wild potatoes that lack the insertion were self‐compatible. Although there is evidence of positive selection for some codon positions in Sli, there is no evidence of diversifying selection at the gene level. In silico analysis of Sli protein structure did not support the hypothesis that amino acid changes from wild‐type (no insertion) to insertion‐type account for changes in protein function. Our study demonstrated that genetic factors besides the Sli gene must be important for conditioning a switch in the mating system from self‐incompatible to self‐compatible in wild potatoes.
Bond stresses in post‐installed reinforcing bars derived via fiber optic sensors
Authors: Croppi José I. , Ahrens Mark Alexander , Genesio Giovacchino , Piccinin Roberto , Casucci Daniele , Mark Peter 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA novel application of fiber optic sensing aimed at understanding the tensile behavior of post‐installed reinforcing bars in normal‐strength concrete is presented in this paper. To comply with established assumptions of cast‐in reinforcement, such as the uniform bond stress distribution, the design bond strength of post‐installed configurations is limited. In this study, pull‐out tests in confined conditions were conducted using two high‐performance mortars. Cast‐in‐place anchorages were tested for reference. The proposed fiber optic sensors and post‐processing techniques enable to continually measure and evaluate the bond stress distribution and monitor rebar deformation. Compared to cast‐in rebars, post‐installed rebars exhibit significantly higher bond resistance, particularly due to higher bond stresses at the beginning of the embedment length. These results highlight the potential for reducing the embedment length of post‐installed rebar. Moreover, variations in stiffness and bond stress distribution are found to significantly affect the slip and rebar deformation of both cast‐in‐place and post‐installed rebar.
Experimental validation of a Kalman observer using linearized OpenFAST and a fully instrumented 1:70 model
Authors: Ammerman Ian , Alkarem Yuksel , Kimball Richard , Huguenard Kimberly , Hejrati Babak 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTo enable real‐time monitoring and control strategies for floating offshore wind turbines, accurate information about the state of the system is needed. This paper details the application of a Kalman filter to the UMaine VolturnUS‐S floating wind platform to provide accurate state estimates in real time using minimal system measurements. The midfidelity nonlinear simulation tool OpenFAST was used to generate the underlying linear state‐space model for the Kalman filter. This linear model and its limitations are demonstrated through comparison with experimental data collected on a 1:70 froude‐scaled model of the floating platform and tower. Using a selection of five measurements from the real system, a Kalman filter was developed to provide estimates for the remaining system states and measurements. These estimates were then validated against the experimental values collected from testing of the scale model. Validation of the Kalman filter produced accurate estimates of surge, heave, and tower base bending moment, measurements of which were not available to the Kalman filter. Performance of the Kalman filter was tested and validated over a range of sea conditions from rated wind speed to storm events and demonstrated robustness in the Kalman filter to maintain accuracy across all operating conditions despite significant error in the underlying linear model for extreme conditions.
Disagreement and Religious Relevance
Authors: Rähme Boris 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis chapter argues that recent work in philosophical epistemology of religious belief and disagreement can be meaningfully connected to related work on belief and religious diversity in religious studies, the sociology and the psychology of religion. What is required is a shift of theoretical focus from paradigmatically religious propositions to religiously relevant propositions or questions. The proposed notion of religious relevance is empirical and context-sensitive. Still, it is exclusive enough to avoid inflationary religion-spotting. Religious relevance goes hand-in-hand with non-religious relevance. Putting the focus on religious relevance can thus help explain why questions engaging some persons’ religious worldviews overlap with questions significant to others in non-religious ways.
Seeking Allies Within the Institutional Church: Reflections from South Africa on Partnership as Means to Unsettling Deadlocked Conflict?
Authors: Du Toit Nadine Bowers 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOne of the means that has long been proposed with regard to addressing the deadlocked conflict with regard to issues such as gender and sexuality, race and class has been to seek allies from the seemingly oppositional group in order to facilitate social change. Social movements have also made use of this approach over the years. In an era within which issues of race, class and gender are becoming seemingly more oppositional—due the re-emergence of right wing and fundamentalist discourse—this chapter seeks to explore the complexities and possible opportunities inherent in this approach from the perspective of a decolonial feminist lens.
Regulating Community Energy at the National Level Comparing Ethiopia, Malawi and Mozambique
Authors: Shenga Carlos , Howe Lorraine , Baptista Idalina , Bekele Getachew , Chitawo Maxon L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThere is a generalised assumption that the development of energy policy and regulation leads to increased access to energy. This paper investigates the empirical evidence to support this assumption in Ethiopia, Malawi and Mozambique, providing a comparative assessment of the regulatory landscape of energy in the three countries and their current status in terms of advancing towards universal energy access for both electricity and fuels. Using comparatively available data, the analysis examined the impact of extensive and dispersed bodies of regulation on energy access, as well as the extent to which pioneering community energy enhances energy access. The results are examined in the light of the current context of energy provision in the three countries. The results suggest that universal access to electricity requires an extensive body of energy policy in general and regulation of community energy in particular. However, while being a pioneer in community energy is correlated with improvements in energy access, the factors that explain such a correlation are not clear. More research needs to advance the current understanding of how regulation interacts with other drivers of infrastructure development and innovation to understand what works in a sustainable transition to provide universal access to clean energy.
Polluting Wrecks in the Baltic Sea
Authors: Hac Benedykt 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe Baltic Sea is a shallow inland sea on the continental shelf of northern Europe (Fig. 7.1). The shores and bottoms in the area of Sweden, Finland, Russia and Estonia are mainly rocky with skerries, while the shores and bottoms in the area of Latvia, Lithuania, the enclave of Königsberg (Russia), Poland, Germany and Denmark are mostly flat and sandy with sand, clay and silt bottoms. Water exchange with the North Sea and the Atlantic Ocean is mainly through the shallow Danish Straits, Kattegat and Skagerak, resulting in a salinity range of 2–12‰ due to intermixing from riverine input. The area of the Baltic Sea is 392,979 km2, the water volume is 21,721 km3 and the average depth is 52.3 m with a maximum depth of 459 m.
Wie Banken die Klimaziele unterstützen können
Authors: Sonvilla Lia 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungZuletzt haben sich immer mehr Banken zu den Zielen des Pariser Klimaabkommens bekannt. Führt diese Selbstverpflichtung dazu, dass Banken Kredite verstärkt von verschmutzenden hin zu grünen Unternehmen lenken? Oder handelt es sich dabei in erster Linie um «Greenwashing»? Die vorliegende Studie zeigt, dass Banken mit einer solchen Selbstverpflichtung tatsächlich weniger Kredite an emissionsstarke Unternehmen vergeben. Allerdings finden die Forscher nur wenig Hinweise dafür, dass die besonders starken Emittenten ihren CO2-Ausstoss deshalb verringern.
Die Politik des Handelskriegs
Authors: Fontanet Sara 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Vorteile des Freihandels überwiegen. Doch die Betroffenheit ist sehr unterschiedlich. Die Konsumenten gewinnen mit niedrigeren Preisen und mehr Auswahl. Die exportintensiven Unternehmen und ihre Arbeitnehmer profitieren von besserem Zugang zu Absatzmärkten und neuen Wachstumschancen. In den importkonkurrierenden Branchen dagegen fürchten die Arbeitnehmer um Jobs und gute Löhne. Die Nachteile des Freihandels sind sehr sichtbar und konkret, die Vorteile sind dagegen für den Einzelnen eher diffus. Das prägt die politischen Anreize im Handelskrieg.
Unterschätzte Wohlstandsunterschiede: Welche Rolle spielt die Arbeitszeit?
Authors: Ammann Manuel J. 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungWird in armen Ländern mehr gearbeitet als in reichen? Die vorliegende Studie zeigt erhebliche Arbeitszeitunterschiede zwischen Ländern mit hohem und niedrigem Einkommen auf. Je höher das Pro-Kopf Einkommen, desto kürzer ist die durchschnittliche Wochenarbeitszeit. Bei Wohlstandsvergleichen etwa zwischen Industrie- und Entwicklungsländern blieb dieser Unterschied allerdings meist unberücksichtigt. Dies deutet darauf hin, dass die Produktivitäts- und Wohlfahrtsunterschiede zwischen armen und reichen Ländern deutlich grösser sind, als bisher vermutet. Denn in reichen Ländern erwirtschaften Arbeitnehmer nicht nur ein höheres Einkommen, sie tun dies auch in kürzerer Zeit.
Die Heiratschancen gebildeter Frauen
Authors: Bearth Nora 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungPartnerschaft und Familie haben für die meisten Frauen und Männer einen hohen Wert, und ebenso berufliche Erfüllung und Karriere. Das bestimmt schon vorher auf dem Heiratsmarkt die Erwartungen an die Partner und ihre Attraktivität. Denn in der Ehe müssen sie sich über die Aufteilung der Heimarbeit und der beruflichen Prioritäten einigen. Die hochqualifizierten Frauen wollen arbeiten und können viel zum Familieneinkommen beisteuern, aber die Zeit zuhause fehlt. Da sind die Männer gefordert, in Kinderbetreuung und Heimarbeit anzupacken, um Beruf und Familie zu vereinbaren. Ihre Freiräume nehmen ab, sie müssen Kompromisse eingehen. Nehmen deshalb die Heiratschancen hochqualifizierter Frauen ab? Welchen Einfluss haben soziale Normen über die Stellung der Frau in Familie, Gesellschaft und Arbeitswelt?