bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facilitating Attitude Change Toward the Handicapped
Authors: Shortridge Susan Denegan 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Measurement in the shift of 424 normal children’s perceptions of their handicapped peers was determined following their exposure to structured learning experiences of what it would be like to be handicapped. Attitude development and approaches used for attitude change are described. Significant positive shifts were found in children’s perceptions of their handicapped peers’ play capabilities, intelligence level, and self-concept. Attitudes toward mainstreaming remained unchanged. It is suggested that a viable receptivity exists in normal children’s attitude development. The role of the occupational therapist in facilitating positive attitudes is discussed.
Making Videotapes: An Activity for Hospitalized Adolescents
Authors: Goldstein Neil , Collins Tom 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
An activities specialist, an instructional technologist, and an occupational therapist developed a videotape program for hospitalized adolescents. The goals of the program were to provide clients with an opportunity to use the videotape medium creatively, to promote communication between staff and clients, and to facilitate each client’s mastery of some aspect of the health care experience. The program was initially implemented on a 30-bed adolescent inpatient unit of a pediatric hospital. Later, with little modification, the program was implemented with an outpatient adolescent group of 6 developmentally disabled young male adults whose antisocial behavior had resulted in contact with the penal system.
COTA Issues: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow
Authors: Brooks Bonnie 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The issue forum continues this month. Bonnie Brooks, M.Ed., OTR, COTA Liaison, and Assistant Director, Division of Education, has developed the issues associated with the relationships between Occupational Therapist, Registered (OTR) and Certified Occupational Therapy Assistant (COTA). It is very important for all of us as members of the AOTA to recognize and support the two professional levels of preparation and practice, and to work together to provide comprehensive occupational therapy services to the clients in need of occupational therapy services within our diverse and complex health delivery system.
Mother-Infant Activities as Providers of Sensory Stimulation
Authors: Day Stephanie 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
A descriptive study was conducted to determine types and amounts of stimulation to five sensory systems of an infant that occurred as a result of everyday mother-infant activities. The infant studied was between 4 and 6 weeks of age. Results demonstrated that, overall, the baby received more tactile stimulation than any other type, followed by proprioceptive, auditory, visual, and vestibular stimulation. When activities were compared on a daily basis, feeding was found to provide the greatest amount of stimulation followed by playing, holding / carrying, bathing and changing. When compared on a per minute basis, playing was found to provide more stimulation than any other activity, followed by holding / carrying, bathing, changing, and feeding. The manner in which the various activities were carried out had a strong influence on the types and amounts of stimulation that resulted. Characteristics of both the infant and the mother appeared to be important influences on the types and amounts of stimulation the infant received. It was concluded that both mother and infant should be considered in planning therapeutic programs.
A Program for Parents of Children with Sensory Integrative Dysfunction
Authors: Friedman Barbara 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The pilot parent program described in this article is based on literature that suggested greater parental acceptance of a child would help the child make gains in self-esteem. Six parents of children with sensory integrative dysfunction were seen individually for 6 weeks in order to enhance the parents’ understanding of their children’s sensory integrative problems and to discuss ways to help build their child’s self-esteem. Using the Porter Parental Acceptance Scale as a pre- and post- program measure, the results were not significant; however, the parents’ subjective evaluations indicated that the program helped them to increase their understanding of their children’s problems and improved their ability to relate constructively to their children.
Leisure Participation and the Retirement Process
Authors: Broderick Tara , Glazer Belinda 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The influence of pre-retirement leisure activity patterns on retirement planning and attitudes toward retirement was investigated. Sixty male retirees answered a questionnaire designed to collect data regarding sociodemographic variables, the degree of pre-retirement planning, the type and extent of leisure participation before and after retirement, and attitudes about retirement. The results show that a high degree of pre-retirement leisure participation correlates with a high degree of pre-retirement planning. No statistically significant relationships were demonstrated between pre-retirement planning and retirement attitudes or between pre-retirement leisure participation and retirement attitudes. The influence of specific types of activities on the retirement process was also examined and results are presented.
. . . For us, in occupational therapy, the most fundamental area of research is, and probably always will be, the nature and meaning of activity.(Mary Reilly, 1, p 208)
The Historical Precedents for Quality Assurance in Health Care
Authors: Ostrow Patricia Curran 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The evolution of quality assurance as an essential component of a scientific, objective approach to health care delivery, and its implications for the profession of occupational therapy are presented. A review is made of the economic, ethical, psychological, and legislative forces that have influenced the development of quality assurance over the past century, a development that has seen times of strong emphasis on quality assurance functions, as well as periods of minimal support and, even, obstacles to any activity.
Quality assurance standards established by both The American Occupational Therapy Association and the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals (JCAH) are discussed. Results of commitment to these standards include improved effectiveness and efficiency of health care, better coverage and reimbursement from third-party payors, and greater professional growth. The need for commitment by occupational therapists to the most effective forms of quality assurance is recommended.
A Clinical Demonstration Program in Quality Assurance
Authors: Shimeld Arlene 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This paper traces the development of one example of how quality assurance guidelines may be translated into program planning and implementation. An organizational framework is used to provide personnel with the opportunity to develop the skills needed in a quality assurance program. This involves a model that focuses on five key areas of professional practice. A demonstration program is described in relation to the model, and an analysis is made of the way it has facilitated both quality assurance and clinical programs in one occupational therapy department.
The Role of the Occupational Therapist Treatment of Alcoholism
Authors: Lindsay Wanda P. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This paper presents brief information on the incidence of alcoholism, its effects on physiological and psychosocial dysfunction, and the disease concept. More detailed information is provided on a treatment program designed to meet the special needs of the alcoholic patient, and the integral role of the occupational therapist in this program is explained. Patients are given support to accept the chronic disease of alcoholism, are taught skills needed to maintain sobriety, have opportunities to begin utilizing resources for sobriety, and are assisted in regaining a sense of self-worth.
An Analysis of Weekly Instructional Input Hours and Student Work Hours in Occupational Therapy Fieldwork
Authors: Chung Young-Iob , Spelbring Lyla M. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
A detailed analysis was made of individual agency practices, and of averages across agencies, in weekly instructional hours and student work hours attributed to the Level II fieldwork program during one 12-week assignment. The study is based upon data collected on daily log sheets from students and agency staff and related to their activities for instruction and agency work for that period. Questions addressed were related to whether services by affiliating students offset instructional efforts by staff, and whether assignment of experiences was primarily for student education or for agency expediency. It was found that agencies typically incurred large “losses” during the first 3 to 4 weeks of the assignment, while they gained a substantial sum of “benefits” for the remaining 8 to 9 weeks. Further, it was found that large agencies could absorb initial instructional efforts with minimal negative impact, but that smaller agencies often found it necessary to develop student schedules that met agency needs.
Performance Difference between Hands in Children on the Motor Accuracy Test—Revised
Authors: Smith Suzanne M. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This study was designed to determine the developmental trends in the difference between right-hand and left-hand skill development in children ages 4 to 9 as measured by the Motor Accuracy Test-Revised (MAC-R). There were 120 right handers (60 males, 60 females), with 20 subjects at each age interval, and 68 left handers (36 males, 32 females), with no less than 8 and no more than 20 subjects at each age interval. Performance was analyzed by sex, age, and handedness for the difference scores between the two hands, and the preferred and nonpreferred hand adjusted scores.
The difference scores were obtained by subtracting the nonpreferred hand scores from the preferred hand scores. Results showed the mean difference between hands for all children to be 6.7 points with a standard deviation of 4.8. This data suggests that a normative range of difference between right-hand and left-hand skill performance on the MAC-R may be from 2 to 11 points.
Left-handed children performed very similarly to right-handed children, supporting the use of right-handed norms for left-handed subjects. No significant differences in sex or handedness were found in the adjusted or difference scores. Comparison of the means and standard deviations of MAC-R normative data with these data showed no consistent significant differences.
Low Profile Dynamic Splinting of the Injured Hand
Authors: Colditz Judy C. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Dynamic splinting is a well-accepted modality in gaining joint motion in the injured hand. Presented is a splinting design system referred to as “low Profile” dynamic splinting whereby high outriggers are avoided. A review of the literature reveals that this technique is based on the original design approach used by Dr. Sterling Bunnell. Described are the basic principles of the low profile design system, with illustrations of the system in specific splints and specific construction details. This splinting system is indicated for a stiff hand that has sustained direct trauma. Hands with a muscle imbalance secondary to a central nervous system or peripheral nerve lesion require a different splinting approach, which is not within the scope of this paper.
Effectiveness of Cognitive Skill Remediation in Acute Stroke Patients
Authors: Carter Lynn Tondat , Howard Bertram E. , O’Neil William A. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether a cognitive skills remediation program could help acute stroke patients regain important thinking skills. Patients in a community hospital stroke program were pre-tested in three skill areas—visual scanning, visual-spatial orientation, and time judgment—and randomly assigned to a treatment (n = 16) or control ( n = 17) group. The treatment group received cognitive skill retraining on a one-to-one basis for 30 minutes per day, 3 days per week, for 3 weeks. The retraining involved the use of paper and pencil tasks, simple cuing procedures, positive reinforcement, and immediate feedback. Although the control group did not receive this treatment, conventional therapies continued for both groups. Patients receiving treatment had overall and separate skill improvement scores that were significantly higher than those for control patients. The implications of this type of treatment program are discussed.
Improving the Utilization of Occupational Therapy: A Quality Assurance Study
Authors: Ostrow Patricia C. , Kuntavanish Anne A. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Concerned about the lack of referrals to occupational therapy for patients with activities of daily living (ADL) deficiency, the occupational therapy section of an acutecare community hospital conducted a quality assurance study. Referral standards were established by the occupational therapy department and approved by the medical staff. Initial measurements indicated that 71 percent of patients requiring a referral did not receive it. Since the staff standard for missed referrals was only 15 percent, improvement actions were implemented. After improvements were made in the referral system, missed referrals dropped from 71 to 27 percent, marking an improvement of 44 points. The study produced several other benefits, including better communication among health care providers, improved patient functional assessment, and greater staff commitment to quality assurance activities.
A Critique of the Standardization of the Miller Assessment for Preschoolers
Authors: DeGangi Georgia A. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The Miller Assessment for Preschoolers (MAP) is a standardized screening instrument for preschoolers who are at risk for moderate to severe academic problems. A review of the procedures used to standardize the MAP found that it is a well-developed screening instrument that exhibits the qualities of good item discrimination, good test structure and content, good data collection on normal subjects, and good inter-rater and test-retest reliability. The MAP is effective in screening normal children who fall in the lowest 20th percentile. Since the intent of the MAP is to screen preschool children with moderate to severe pre-academic problems, further reliability and validity studies described in this paper need to be conducted before the MAP can be used effectively in screening children with delays. Caution should be used in categorizing normal children as “high risk” or suspect until decision validity studies have been completed.
An Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex Rating Scale
Authors: Parmenter Carolyn L. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Although the asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (ATNR) is commonly used as one clinical assessment when evaluating children with suspected sensory integration deficits, maturational lags, or behavioral dysfunctions, observations are limited on the degree of this reflex in normal children at different age levels. A quantitative rating scale that indicates the degree of integration of the ATNR in normal first and third grade children is presented for purposes of comparison with the “suspect” child. A Procedure for testing this reflex is described using the quadrupedal position, four sequences of lateral head rotation, and a rating scale consisting of four components. Using this ATNR rating scale, scores can be derived that could serve as a guide in determining whether the residual ATNR is comparable to that of normal subjects of the same age.
Assessing the Driving Potential of Cerebral Vascular Accident Patients
Authors: Quigley Faith L. , DeLisa Joel A. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
In this report, literature pertaining to training the post-cerebral vascular accident (CVA) driving candidate is reviewed; a driver training program is described, with special emphasis on evaluating the CVA candidate; the role of the occupational therapist as a disabled driver training instructor is outlined; information and suggestions for comprehensive evaluation and training of right- and left-CVA driving candidates are presented; and data comparing driver’s training outcomes for right- and left-CVA candidates are provided. Retrospective data of left- and right-CVA driver performance are compared.
Oral Sensorimotor Therapy in the Developmentally Disabled: A Multiple Baseline Study
Authors: Ottenbacher Kenneth , Hicks Judy , Roark Ann , Swinea Judy 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The efficacy of a program of sensorimotor facilitation procedures to improve oral motor function and feeding behaviors in students with severe developmental delay was explored. Four severely handicapped students were administered the oral habilitation program using a multiple baseline across-subjects design with staggered introduction of the treatment. Graphic analysis and the split middle method of trend estimation revealed that one subject evidenced an increase in weight and improved oral motor evaluation as a result of the intervention. Two other subjects displayed partial improvement. The correlates of treatment effectiveness are briefly discussed and the need for continued investigation is emphasized.
The Performance of Adult Males on the Southern California Figure-Ground Visual Perception Test
Authors: Petersen Paul , Wikoff Richard L. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The Southern California Sensory Integration Tests have been developed primarily for the evaluation of children with learning disabilities, yet they have potential for the assessment of adult perceptual dysfunction. In this research the Southern California Figure-Ground Visual Perception Test (FGP) was administered to a sample of 100 adult males and validated through correlation with the Embedded Figures Test (EFT). The results of the investigation found a normal distribution of figure-ground scores in addition to a significant correlation with the EFT. The means, standard deviations, and ranges are presented. Further data on relationship of the FGP to age, socioeconomic status, and educational level are presented, as well as a detailed description of the sample. It is concluded that this test is a satisfactory alternative to the EFT in interdisciplinary research by occupational therapists and, as an instrument, it has some important advantages for assessing figure-ground perception in persons with motor impairment or who are under psychotropic medication.
A Needs Assessment Strategy for Educational Planning
Authors: Bullard Meryl 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Increasing public concern regarding the quality and cost of health care, present economic conditions, employee expectations for participative management, and increasing awareness of career opportunities have mandated that the occupational therapy manager base education and training needs on objective and validated data. The needs assessment strategy is a technique that can be used to identify training needs, match these needs to organizational goals and resources, and allow for employee participation. Several assessment methods are discussed and a report format is suggested. A report of assessed needs, subsequent training, and positive outcomes resulting from training could be included in the departmental quality assurance report, as well as in the yearly managerial plan. Since using this strategy, the author’s department has been granted a substantial increase in monies for education and training.
A Reaffirmed Philosophy and Practice of Occupational Therapy for the 1980s
Authors: West Wilma L. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This paper culled from the occupational therapy literature of the 1978-1983 period statements in support of our philosophical base, in opposition to our treatment modalities, and in examination of the cause and course of our internal professional debate. The futurist literature projecting external trends in economic and sociocultural areas, including medicine and health, was also sampled for evidence that might either sustain or further challenge traditional theory and practice. The conclusion drawn was that our heritage of belief in and use of occupation as both the central organizing theme and mode of professional practice is better suited to future intervention strategies than are borrowed, nontraditional treatment media. Four recommendations for actualizing a more unified theory and practice are proposed.
Occupational Therapy: A Focus for Roles in Practice
Authors: Burke Janice Posatery 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Occupational therapists have a long-standing familiarity with and commitment to the concept of change. Our professional practice has always had a primary focus on assisting individuals as they adapt to change due to disability and disease. The recent literature on adaptation, stress, and coping presents a picture of how important our professional expertise is in helping people interact effectively in their environments. Now, as we enter a decade of unprecedented technological advances and associated social and economic response, we are finding that we must make significant changes if we are to survive as a profession.
As part of the General Sessions series at the 1983 AOTA Annual Conference, this paper addresses the issues confronting the changing individual in the ’80s by exploring the new and expanding roles for occupational therapists in the near future. Outside influences, including consumer-based health trends, medical and scientific developments, and new patient and client needs, are discussed and analyzed according to their impact on internal professional factors such as leadership, management, and business skills.
Changing Balance: Environment and Individual
Authors: Llorens Lela A. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The role of occupational therapy as a process for changing balance from dysfunction to function is discussed in this paper. The individual as the first level environment to be considered for balance in the occupational therapy process is emphasized. The role of purposeful activity as a change determinant and as a valued treatment modality is recognized as a practice factor that needs verification through research in conjunction with systematic study of the occupational therapy process.
The Influence of Curriculum Format on Learning Preference and Learning Style
Authors: Cahill Rosemary , Madigan M. Jeanne 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Undergraduate occupational therapy students were given the Rezler-French Learning Preference and the Kolb Learning Style Inventories at the introduction of professional course work (pretest) and upon completion of junior year course work and Level 1 fieldwork (posttest) 1 year later. The students’ course work was a guided-study, modified competency-based program that included guided independent study, laboratory work, small group study, and one-to-one tutorials in preference to, but not excluding, the more traditional lecture method. After experiencing different modes of instruction, the students indicated no significant difference in their preferences for ways of learning or in processing information. Implications of these findings for the teaching learning process are discussed.
Home Health Care and the Elderly in the 1980s
Authors: Jackson Barbara N. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Because the cost of institutional care for long-term patients has risen, home health has become a more visible and viable alternative to the growing elderly population. This article discusses problems found in the rapid expansion of home health services and presents two alternative health care delivery systems that address these problems: the Medicaid Waiver and the Social/Health Maintenance Organization.