bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Verdaulichkeit der NSP‐gebundenen Zucker bei Verfütterung von Triticale und Enzymen an Hähnchen, Enten und Gänse
Authors: Jamroz D. , Eder K. , Wiliczkiewicz A. , Kirchgessner M. 
Published: October 2009

ZusammenfassungIn der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde die Verdaulichkeit der Nichstärkepolysaccharide (NSP) einer Ration mit hohen Anteilen an Mais und Weizen (Kontrollration) mit der eines hohen Anteils an Triticale (Triticale‐Ration) beim Geflügel verglichen. Dazu wurden jeweils zwei verschiedene genetische Herkünfte von Hähnchen (Messa‐ und Vedette‐Hybriden), Enten (Barbarie und Mulard) sowie Gänsen (Landaise 1 und Landaise 2) verwendet. Zusätzlich sollte untersucht werden, ob die Verdaulichkeit der NSP in der Triticale‐Ration durch Zusatz eines Enzymzusatzes (Roxazyme) gesteigert werden kann. Die beiden Basisrationen waren isonergetisch und isonitrogen; sie enthielten im Mittel 11,3 MJ ME/kg und 22,5% Rohprotein. Die Gehalte an NSP waren in beiden Rationen ähnlich.Die Art der Ration wie auch der Enzymzusatz hatten bei allen drei Geflügelarten sichtbaren aber keinen signifikanten Einfluß auf die Entwicklung der Körpermasse. Die Verdaulichkeit der gesamten NSP war insgesamt relativ hoch. Enten und Gänse wiesen dabei aber insgesamt etwas höhere Verdaulichkeitswerte (um 60%) auf als Hähnchen (um 55%). Xylose als Bestandteil von NSP war dabei deutlich schlechter verdaulich als alle anderen Zucker als Bestandteile von NSP. Im Mittel der drei Geflügelarten waren die NSP der Kontrollration geringfügig schlechter verdaulich als die der Triticale‐Ration (55 vs. 60%). Der größte Unterschied zeigte sich hierbei bei der Xylose als Bestandteil der NSP. Die Ergenbnisse waren für die einzelnen Geflügelarten und genetischen Herkünfte weitgehend übereinstimmend. Der Enzymzusatz erbrachte insgesamt keine verbesserte Verdaulichkeit der NSP in der Triticale‐Ration mit Ausnahme für Xylose die von Enzymen signifikant gesteigert wurde
Chemical composition of body compartments and plasma parameters after protein‐free feeding and realimentation in growing pigs
Authors: Van den Hemel‐Grooten H. N. A. , Garssen G. J. , Schreurs V. V. A. M. , Peijenenburg H. C. M. , Verstegen M. W. A. 
Published: October 2009

ZusammenfassungDie chemische Zusammensetzung von Körper‐Kompartimenten und Plasmaparameteru bei proteinfreier Fütterung und Realimentation mit Protein bei wachsenden SchweinenVon 54 Kreuzungsbörgen mit einem Körpergewicht von 35 kg am Tag 0 wurden 6 Schweine als Referenztiere geschlachtet und 48 Tiere auf 6 Versuchsgruppen zufallsmäßig verteilt. Während einer 14‐tägigen proteinfreien Fütterung wurden drei verschiedene isoenergetische Rationen angeboten, eine Kontrollration (C), eine proteinfreie, kohlenhydratreiche (PF/CHO) und eine proteinfreie, fettreiche (PF/FAT) Diät. Am 18. Versuchstag wurden 8 Schweine je Fütterungsgruppe geschlachtet. In der nachfolgenden Realimentationsphase erhielten die verbleibenden Schweine alle die Kontrolldiät (C‐C) und zusätzlich die proteinfreie kohlenhydratreiche bzw. die fettreiche Diät (PF/CHO‐C, PF/FAT‐C). Diese Tiere wurden am 21. Versuchstag geschlachtet. Nach der Schlachtung wurden die rechte Schlachtkörperhälfte, Leber sowie Dick‐ und Dünndarm gewogen und der Gehalt an Rohasche, Trockensubstanz und Stickstoff bestimmt. Die Fütterung mit proteinfreien Rationen erhöhte den Fettgehalt (g/kg Körpergewicht) im Schlachtkörper, und im Darm aber nicht in der Leber. Dabei fiel der Gehalt an Protein in der Leber und im Darm ab und zwar proportional stärker als im Schlachtkörper. Er war begleitet von niedrigeren Werten an Harnstoff und Kreatin im Plasma. Nach der Realimentation mit Protein erreichten die Proteingehalte im Schlachtkörper und die Werte für Plasmakreatin nicht die gleichen Werte wie nach der Fütterung der Kontrolldiät. Zwischen den Proteingehalten in der Leber und im Darm wurden keine Behandlungseffekte beobachtet. Aus diesen Ergebnissen läßt sich schließen, daß der Eiweißstoffwechsel in der Leber und im Darm schneller auf das veränderte Proteinangebot reagiert als der Schlachtkörper.
Comparative studies for the determination of precaecal digestibility as a measure for the availability of B‐vitamins
Authors: Roth‐Maier D. A. , Kirchgessner M. , Erhardt W. , Henke J. , Hennig U. 
Published: October 2009

ZusammenfassungVergleichende Untersuchungen zur Bestimmung der praecaecalen Verdaulichkeit als Maß für die Verfügbarkeit von B‐VitaminenZiel der vorliegenden Untersuchungen war zwei Techniken der Methodik der Ileorectal‐Anastomose (IRA) zur quantitativen Ermittlung der Verfügbarkeit von nativen B‐Vitaminen für Mensch und monogastrische Tiere zu testen. Hierfür wurden bei 9 weiblichen Schweinen der Deutschen Landrasse Ileorectal‐Anastomosen gelegt um die praecaecale Verdaulichkeit als Maß für die Verfügbarkeit zu bestimmen. Die Ileorectal‐Anastomosen wurden in End‐zu‐Seit‐ (ESV, 3 Tiere) bzw. in End‐zu‐End‐Ausführung (EEV, 6 Tiere) bei Erhalt der Ileocaecalklappe hergestellt. Mit den operierten Tieren wurden Stoffwechselversuche durchgeführt und die praecaecale Verdaulichkeit von Thiamin, Riboflavin und Vitamin B6 in Weizen, Vollkornbrot, gekochten Kartoffeln, gegartem Schweine‐ und Rindfleisch gemessen.Die praecaecale Verdaulichkeit von Thiamin betrug bei den ESV/EEV‐Tieren 75/78% in Weizen, 60/75% in Vollkornbrot, 63/84% in gekochten Kartoffeln, 93/96% in gegartem Schweinefleisch und 51/79% in gegartem Rindfleisch. Die Werte fhr Riboflavin lagen bei 58/71% in Schweinefleisch und 31/87% und 86/89% in Weizen, Vollkornbrot, Kartoffeln, Schweine‐ und Rindfleisch verdaulich.Die Verdaulichkeit war bei dem EEV‐Tieren jeweils deutlich höher. Das bedeutet, daß bei der ESV‐Methode ein gewisser Rückfluß von Digesta in das Colon auftritt und mikrobiell synthetisierte B‐Vitamine mit dem ilealen Chymus ausgeschieden werden. Deshalb ist für die B‐Vitamine die EEV‐Technik anzuwenden. Der Zeitvergleich mit Weizen über die Messung der Verdaulichkeit in den Perioden 4.‐9. Woche und 12.‐17. Woche nach der Operation ergab identische Ergebnisse, so daß dieser gesamte Versuchszeitraum für Messungen verwendet werden kann.Die Kombination aus Bruttovitamingehalt und Verfügbarkeit erlaubt die Lebens‐/Futtermittel als Vitaminlieferanten zu beurteilen. Schweinefleisch überragt die anderen Produkte als Thiaminlieferant (52% des Tagesbedarfs durch 100 g eßbares Produkt), Riboflavin wird am meisten durch Schweinefleisch (10%) und Vitamin B6 am besten durch Schweine‐ und Rindfleisch (25%) geliefert.Diese Untersuchungen wurden mit Unterstützung der DFG durchgeführt.
Effect of ad libitum and restrictive feeding on seasonal weight changes in captive minks (Mustela vison)
Authors: Korhonen H. , Niemelä P. 
Published: October 2009

ZusammenfassungDer Einfluß von ad libitum und restriktiver Fütterung auf saisonale Gelvichtsschwankungen bei in Gefangenschaft gehaltenen Nerzen (Mustela vison)Bei ad libitum gefütterten Nerzen liegt die Futteraufnahme höher als bei restriktiv gefütterten Tieren. Die Futteraufnahme sinkt auf Grund der Paarungsaktivität bei beiden Fütterungsregimen im März ab. Nach der Paarungszeit steigt die Futteraufnahme wieder an und erreicht ein konstantes Niveau im Sommer. Zum Herbst steigt die Futteraufnahme nochmals an und erreicht von Oktober bis November den Höhepunkt. Dieser Verlauf spiegelt sich auch im Körpergewicht und bei beiden Geschlechtern wider, wobei die Gewichtsunterschiede bei weiblichen Nerzen nicht so ausgeprägt sind wie bei männlichen Tieren. Kurz vor und während der Paarungszeit zeigten alle Tiere einen intensiven Gewichtsverlust auf Grund des hohen Energieverbrauches und der herabgesetzten Energieaufnahme unabhängig vom Futterangebot. Danach scheinen sich die Nerze selber in eine gute Zuchtkondition zu versetzen. Dabei sollte ein zu hoher Gewichtsverlust in zu kurzer Zeit vermieden werden.
Impact of caring for a school‐aged child with a disability: Understanding mothers’ perspectives
Authors: Bourke‐Taylor Helen , Howie Linsey , Law Mary 
Published: October 2009

Aim:  Children with a disability are reliant on a capable, healthy and well‐resourced carer. Most often the child’s mother provides the care that ensures the child’s health, service access and community integration are attended to successfully. Through in‐depth interviews with mothers and professionals, this study explores issues that challenge the mother’s performance in her very important role as a caregiver. Method:  Qualitative methodology(n = 8)resulted in verbatim transcriptions that were analysed and categorised, and common themes were derived.Results:  Participants identified a multitude of challenges related to issues surrounding the child, maternal characteristics, the family, services and the community. Emotional distress and mental health issues were reported. Conclusion:  Many aspects of caregiving can be relentless and challenging. Occupational therapy clinical implications aimed at supporting mothers and their children are discussed.
Fatty liver predicts impaired fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Japanese undergoing a health checkup
Authors: Yamada Tamaki , Fukatsu Mitsuru , Suzuki Sadao , Wada Tsuneya , Yoshida Takashi , Joh Takashi 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBackground and Aim:  The question of whether fatty liver might predict impaired fasting glucose or type 2 diabetes mellitus in a longitudinal manner was assessed in Japanese subjects undergoing a health checkup.Methods:  A total of 12 375 individuals (6799 men and 5576 women) without hyperglycemia or type 2 diabetes mellitus in 2000 and participating in 2005 were included. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed for both sexes, adjusted for age, body mass index, elevated blood pressure or hypertension, family history of diabetes mellitus, alcohol drinking and smoking.Results:  Impaired fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes mellitus were newly diagnosed in 7.6% and 1.0% of men and 3.8% and 0.5% of women, respectively, within the 5‐year period. The prevalence of newly diagnosed impaired fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes mellitus was significantly higher in the participants with fatty liver than without fatty liver in both sexes. Fatty liver adjusted for the other factors was thus a risk factor for impaired fasting glucose and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus in both sexes (men odds ratio [OR] 1.91, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.56–2.34 and women OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.53–3.01). The impact of fatty liver was stronger among the participants with a lower body mass index (men OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.86–0.99 and women OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.81–0.99, for one increment of body mass index).Conclusion:  Fatty liver is an independent risk factor for impaired fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes mellitus, having a stronger impact in those Japanese with a lower body mass index undergoing a health checkup.
High incidence of zinc deficiency among Filipino children with compensated and decompensated liver disease
Authors: Umusig‐Quitain Perlina , Gregorio Germana V 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBackground and Aim:  The role of zinc in the nutrition and growth of children with chronic liver disease is poorly defined. The present study determined the serum zinc levels of children with compensated liver disease (CLD) and decompensated liver disease (DLD) and compared this with healthy children. Zinc levels were also correlated with the severity of liver disease as measured by Child−Pugh scores.Methods:  The study comprised of 60 children 0–10 years of age with chronic liver disease, defined as CLD (n = 30) if the Child−Pugh score was < 6, and DLD (n = 30) if the Child−Pugh score was ≥ 6. Thirty healthy children 0–10 years served as controls. Serum zinc levels were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry.Results:  The 90 patients included 30 with CLD (mean age: 4.54 years: 21 boys; mean Child−Pugh score: 5.83), 30 with DLD (mean age: 1.39 years; 17 boys; mean Child−Pugh score: 9.53) and 30 healthy children (mean age: 4.6; 16 boys). Zinc levels of patients with CLD were significantly lower compared with the healthy controls (Mean [standard deviation]: 68.07 [31.55]vs 89.9 [25.9]µg/dL, P = 0.000), but significantly higher compared to the patients with DLD (48.8 [26.8]µg/dL). Correlation studies showed that the higher the Child−Pugh score, the lower the zinc levels (r = −0.460)Conclusions:  Children with chronic liver disease, whether in a compensated or decompensated state, had lower serum zinc levels compared with the healthy controls. As the severity of liver disease worsened, the zinc levels decreased. The study suggests that zinc supplementation should constitute part of the micronutrient intake of children with chronic liver disease.
Cow's milk protein allergy: An entity for recognition in developing countries
Authors: Poddar Ujjal , Yachha Surender Kumar , Krishnani Narendra , Srivastava Anshu 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAim:  The aim of this prospective study was to determine cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) cases in a tertiary care hospital in India and to study its clinical presentations and outcome following treatment.Methods:  Consecutive children with chronic diarrhea from June 2004 to December 2007 were evaluated with hemogram, anti‐endomysial antibody, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, sigmoidoscopy and intestinal biopsies. Initial diagnosis of CMPA was based on characteristic intestinal biopsy (> 6 eosinophils/HPF) and diagnosis was confirmed by positive milk challenge.Results:  Forty CMPA cases (25 boys, with a mean age of 17.2 ± 7.8 months and symptom duration of 8.3 ± 6.2 months) presented with diarrhea (bloody in 16, watery in 16, combined in three, recurrent hematemesis in two, rectal bleeding in one and one case each with pain in the abdomen with vomiting and anemia with occult bleeding). Sigmoidoscopy revealed aphthous ulcers in 82% of cases and rectal biopsy was positive in 97% of cases. All children improved on a milk‐free diet. Milk challenge was positive in 100% of cases when it was done early (within 6 months). On follow up of 15 ± 9 months, milk was successfully restarted in 25 cases after a median milk‐free period of 15 months, 10 were still on a milk‐free diet and five were lost to follow up while on a milk‐free diet.Conclusions:  CMPA is not uncommon in a developing country such as India. Presence of aphthous ulcers and abnormal rectal biopsy are clues to initial diagnosis. Milk challenge confirms the diagnosis in all if it is done on time.
Overlap of primary biliary cirrhosis and autoimmune hepatitis: Characteristics, therapy, and long term outcomes
Authors: Yokokawa Junko , Saito Hironobu , Kanno Yukiko , Honma Fumiko , Monoe Kyoko , Sakamoto Natsumi , Abe Kazumichi , Takahashi Atsushi , Yokokawa Hirohide , Ohira Hiromasa 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBackground:  Coexistence of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is referred to as PBC‐AIH overlap. Pathogenesis of PBC‐AIH is not well understood and its diagnosis is challenging. We previously reported the clinical characteristics of 10 patients diagnosed with PBC‐AIH overlap.Aims:  The aim of the study was extend the earlier series and evaluate the diagnostic criteria, biological characteristics, potential therapy, and long‐term outcomes of patients with PBC‐AIH overlap.Methods and Results:  We retrospectively analyzed clinical, biochemical, and histological characteristics of 144 patients diagnosed with PBC and 73 diagnosed with AIH. We identified 16 cases of PBC‐AIH overlap, according to criteria established by Chazouillères et al. and other studies. PBC preceded AIH in 6 patients and both diseases occurred simultaneously in the remaining 10 patients. PBC‐AIH overlap has clinical, biochemical, and histological characteristics of both PBC and AIH. Thirteen patients treated with both ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and immunosuppressive therapy responded well, with normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels. The remaining three patients treated with either prednisolone (PSL) or UDCA alone developed cirrhosis, varices, ascites, encephalopathy, or died of liver‐related causes at the 5, 12, and 14‐year follow up.Conclusions:  PBC‐AIH overlap is not a rare entity; it was observed in 11% of PBC patients in this study. Further studies will be required to investigate whether PBC‐AIH overlap is distinct from the two individual diseases in terms of long‐term outcomes and therapeutic implications.
Prevention and treatment of lymphorrhoea following surgery for gastric cancer
Authors: Lin Sheng‐Zhang , Tong Hong‐Fei , Qin Yun‐Sheng , Ni Zhong‐Lin , Zhang Wei 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBackground:  Lymphorrhoea is a rare complication of abdominal surgery. However, there have been a few reports of lymphorrhoea following radical gastrectomy. Here, we retrospectively review the clinical analysis and treatment of lymphorrhoea based on our experiences.Methods:  We retrospectively reviewed a total of 1596 patients who underwent surgery for gastric cancer between January 1995 and January 2007. D1 and D2 lymphadenectomies were performed in 1104 patients, and D3 and D4 lymphadenectomies were performed in the other 492 patients. Disrupted lymph vessels were ligated in 545 patients, and electrically cauterized in 559 patients. Before December 31 2000, total parenteral nutrition (TPN) was administered to all the patients, and after 1 January 2001, TPN was supplemented with octreotide in all the post‐operative patients.Results:  The incidence of lymphorrhoea in patients with D3 and D4 lymphadenectomy was much higher than that in D1 and D2 lymphadenectomy patients (P < 0.05). In addition, the incidence of lymphorrhoea in patients in whom the electrotome cautery was significantly higher than that in patients who received ligation. The addition of octreotide to TPN can reduce the quantity and duration of lymphorrhoea (P < 0.05).Conclusion:  Ligating rather than cauterizing the disrupted lymph vessels can be done to minimize the incidence of lymphorrhoea. The combination of Octreotide and TPN appears to be an effective therapeutic modality for lymphorrhoea.
Diagnosis of blunt traumatic ruptured diaphragm: is it still a difficult problem?
Authors: Hsee Li , Wigg Loretta , Civil Ian 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBackground:  Blunt traumatic rupture of the diaphragm (BTRD) is uncommon. The diagnosis can be easily overlooked, and radiological findings misinterpreted. In a 15‐year experience at the two major trauma hospitals in Brisbane reported in 1991, 85 patients with BTRD were treated, and the diagnosis not always made expeditiously. With the introduction of mandatory Early Management of Severe Trauma course training in the 90s and newer diagnostic tools, it might be expected that BTRD would be a less problematic diagnosis. The aim of this study was to review the incidence, diagnosis and outcome of BTRD at Auckland City Hospital over the last 10 years.Methods:  Retrospective review of Auckland City hospital trauma registry between 1996 and 2005. Demographics include age, gender, injury severity score (ISS), length of stay, ICU admission days, methods of diagnosis and patient outcomes were reviewedResults:  Twenty‐eight patients had TRD as result of blunt injury. Median ISS was 28.5. Most of the patients were diagnosed at the time of laparotomy for other associated injuries. Road traffic crash was the most common cause. Twenty‐one out of 28 patients were discharged alive.Conclusion:  Diagnosis of BTRD remains difficult. It is rarely isolated. It requires a high index of suspicion. If suspected, chest X‐ray (CXR) and other more advanced imaging modalities can be used as confirmatory tools.
LITERATURE, KNOWLEDGE, AND THE AESTHETIC ATTITUDE
Authors: Rowe M. W. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAn attitude which hopes to derive aesthetic pleasure from an object is often thought to be in tension with an attitude which hopes to derive knowledge from it. The current article argues that this alleged conflict only makes sense when the aesthetic attitude and knowledge are construed unnaturally narrowly, and that when both are correctly understood there is no tension between them. To do this, the article first proposes a broad and satisfying account of the aesthetic attitude, and then considers and rejects twelve reasons for thinking that deriving knowledge from something is incompatible with maintaining an aesthetic attitude towards it. Two main conclusions are drawn. 1) That the representational arts are often in a good position to communicate non‐propositional knowledge about human beings. 2) That while our desire to obtain pleasure from a work's manifest properties, and our desire to obtain knowledge from it, are not the same motive, the formal similarities between them are sufficiently impressive to warrant both being seen as elements of the aesthetic attitude.
CRITICISM OF LITERATURE AND CRITICISM OF CULTURE
Authors: Olsen Stein Haugom 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThere is a class of critics who are dissatisfied with the academic status of literary criticism and who want to re‐establish for literary criticism the status it possessed in the early and mid nineteenth century as simultaneously cultural and social criticism. This is an impossible task. The ‘cultural critics’ of the nineteenth century possessed their authority because they were without competition and because they could command the attention and respect of the whole of the literate audience. However, at the end of the nineteenth century intellectual authority came to be based in specialised academic disciplines and individual authority was undermined and ultimately disappeared. At the same time, the arrival of universal literacy in Britain fragmented and ultimately destroyed the generally educated audience to which the cultural critics addressed themselves. Consequently there is today no role for the cultural critic. Literary critics cannot speak with authority about social, political, or cultural questions. They can, however, speak with authority about literature. Whether or not this criticism can be grounded in disciplinary knowledge, it serves a necessary function for an audience that no longer possesses the skill of reading literary works and lacks the background knowledge that is necessary to make sense of literature.
Infants’ and mothers’ vagal reactivity in response to anger
Authors: Moore Ginger A. 
Published: October 2009

Background:  Exposure to anger in the family is a risk factor for disruptive behavior disorders characterized by ineffective vagal regulation. Effects of anger on developing vagal regulation may be due to direct exposure or to effects on parents’ regulation of emotion as parents support infants’ regulation. Little is known about the impact of anger during infancy when important regulatory systems emerge.Methods:  Six‐month‐old infants (N = 48) and their mothers were exposed to anger, excitement, or neutral affect then observed in the Still‐Face Paradigm (SFP). Vagal tone, indexed by respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), was measured.Results:  Infants exposed to anger subsequently showed greater RSA withdrawal to mothers’ still‐face than infants exposed to other emotions. Mothers exposed to anger showed greater RSA withdrawal than other mothers during emotion exposure and across all episodes of the SFP.Conclusions:  Exposure to anger may sensitize infants to stress and lead to increased need for physiological regulation. Exposure to anger makes increased demands on mothers’ self‐regulation, which could detract from their abilities to support infants’ regulation.