bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The 2011 Model of the Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine
Authors:   2011 EM Model Review Task Force, Perina Debra G. , Brunett Chair Patrick , Caro David A. , Char Douglas M. , Chisholm Carey D. , Counselman Francis L. , Heidt Jonathan , Keim Samuel M. , John Ma O. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe 2011 Model of the Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine.ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2012; 19:000–000 © 2012 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Tooth loss is associated with increased blood pressure in adults – a multidisciplinary population‐based study
Authors: Peres Marco A. , Tsakos Georgios , Barbato Paulo R. , Silva Diego A. S. , Peres Karen G. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate whether tooth loss is associated with increased blood pressure among adults after controlling for socioeconomic, health, and lifestyle confounders. We also assessed the interactions between tooth loss and smoking status and tooth loss and age on systolic blood pressure (SBP).Material and MethodsA population‐based cross‐sectional study was carried out with 1720 adults from Florianópolis, Brazil. Data collection included blood pressure, anthropometric measures, and a questionnaire on socio‐demographics, self‐rated health, diabetes, self‐reported number of natural teeth, and dental prosthesis. We used linear multivariable regression models for the association of blood pressure with tooth loss adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsEdentulous subjects had a SBP 8.3 mmHg (95% CI 0.1; 16.7) higher than those with more than 10 teeth in both arches after adjustment for potential confounders. We found interaction between tooth loss and smoking status. Moderate/heavy smokers were associated with considerably higher SBP than light, former or non‐smokers among edentulous and also partly among dentate with less than 10 teeth in at least one arch, but there was no real association between smoking and SBP among those with 10 or more teeth in both arches.ConclusionsTotal tooth loss is associated with increased levels of SBP in this adult population.
Mobilized peripheral blood stem cells compared with bone marrow from HLA‐identical siblings for reduced‐intensity conditioning transplantation in acute myeloid leukemia in complete remission: a retrospective analysis from the Acute Leukemia Working Party of EBMT
Authors: Nagler Arnon , Labopin Myriam , Shimoni Avichai , Mufti Ghulam J. , Cornelissen Jan J. , Blaise Didier , Janssen Jeroen J. W. M. , Milpied Noel , Vindelov Lars , Petersen Eefke , Gribben John , Bacigalupo Andrea , Malm Claes , Niederwieser Dietger , Socié Gerard J. , Arnold Renate , Brown Paul , Goker Hakan , Rocha Vanderson , Mohty Mohamad ,   The ALWP‐EBMT
Published: May 2012

AbstractReduced‐intensity conditioning (RIC)‐alloSCT is increasingly used for acute myelogenous leukemia. Limited data are available for the comparison of peripheral blood stem cells with bone marrow for RIC‐alloSCT. We used the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) ALWP data to compare the outcome of mobilized peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) (n = 1430) vs. bone marrow (BM) (n = 107) for acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) patients with complete remission that underwent RIC‐alloSCT from compatible sibling donors. The leukemia features, the disease status, and the time from diagnosis were similar between the two groups. Engraftment was achieved in 99% and 93% in the PBSC and BM groups, respectively (P < 0.0001). The day of engraftment was significantly earlier for the PBSC vs. the BM group, 15 (1–59) and 19 (5–69), respectively (P < 0.001). Acute GVHD, severe GVHD (grade III–IV) and chronic GVHD did not differ between the groups. leukemia‐free survival (LFS), relapse, and non‐relapsed mortality (NRM) were 51 ± 2%, 32 ± 1%, and 17 ± 1% vs. 50 ± 6%, 38 ± 6%, and 12 ± 3% for the PBSC and BM groups, respectively. Our results indicate faster engraftment, but no difference in GVHD, LFS, relapse, and NRM when comparing PBSC to BM grafts from sibling donors following RIC conditioning. This is the first study comparing PBSC to BM grafts in the RIC setting, analyzing a homogeneous population of patients with AML in remission. Whether PBSC should be preferred for advanced phases of the disease, where the outcome is dominated by relapse incidences, needs further investigation.
Pelagic larval duration of three amphidromous Sicydiinae gobies (Teleostei: Gobioidei) including widespread and endemic species
Authors: Taillebois Laura , Maeda Ken , Vigne Stéphane , Keith Philippe 
Published: May 2012

AbstractSicydiinae species have an amphidromous life cycle during which they undergo a pelagic larval phase allowing them to disperse through the ocean and to recruit in distant island rivers. Hypotheses for the differences observed in dispersal abilities between species include the variation in pelagic larval duration (PLD). However, the implication of the PLD as a proxy for explaining the dispersal ability of a species is not clear in the Sicydiinae subfamily. In this study, otolith microstructure of three Sicydiinae species was analysed. One of these species, Sicyopus zosterophorum, has a widespread distribution in the West Pacific area, whereas the other two species, Smilosicyopus chloe and Akihito vanuatu, are endemic to New Caledonia and to Vanuatu, respectively. Deposition of the daily growth increments on the otoliths of S. zosterophorum was validated using an alizarin complexone time marking technique. We estimated the PLD for the three species by counting the number of growth increments from the core to the metamorphosis check mark, and it was shorter than the one of previous studies on Sicydiinae species. The PLD of the widespread species, S. zosterophorum (54.6 ± 5.6 days), was similar to those of the endemic species, S. chloe (53.6 ± 5.7 days) and A. vanuatu (55.4 ± 7.5 days). Here, we show that in contrast to the most diverse Sicydiinae genus, Sicyopterus, the PLD could not explain endemism, and we must take into account other elements to explain the differences observed in the distribution range.
Exposing human epithelial cells to zoledronic acid can mediate osteonecrosis of jaw: an in vitro model
Authors: Saracino S. , Canuto R. A. , Maggiora M. , Oraldi M. , Scoletta M. , Ciuffreda L. , Vandone A. M. , Carossa S. , Mozzati M. , Muzio G. 
Published: May 2012

J Oral Pathol Med (2012) 41: 788–792Background:  Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is a chronic complication of bisphosphonate therapy, mainly when intravenous, in cancer patients with bone metastases and myeloma. Its pathophysiology is not yet fully elucidated; in particular, the molecular/cellular events triggering ONJ remain unclear. This complication could result from the effect of bisphosphonates released from bone into the soft‐tissues, or from osteolysis induced by soft‐tissues directly exposed to bisphosphonates. This research investigated the possibility that ONJ may be evocated by changes induced in osteoblast activity by factors released by soft‐tissue cells exposed to zoledronic acid.Methods:  An ‘in vitro’ model was used, in which human osteoblast‐like MG‐63 cells were grown in medium conditioned by human keratinocytes NCTC 2544, exposed or not to zoledronic acid (5 or 50 μM); 5 μM zoledronic acid was also directly administered to MG‐63 cells.Results:  In NCTC 2544 cells, zoledronic acid decreased proliferation via decreased hydroxy‐3‐methyl‐glutaryl‐CoA reductase, suggesting that a decrease in healing capability can occur in case of injury. An increased pro‐inflammatory potential was also observed. Osteoblasts grown in medium conditioned in the presence of zoledronic acid showed decreased proliferation and osteogenic properties, and increased ability to induce osteoclast differentiation and inflammatory process. Zoledronic acid directly administered to MG‐63 modulated only some parameters and in a lesser extent.Conclusions:  The research evidenced, for the first time, the direct involvement of epithelial cells in zoledronic acid‐triggered molecular mechanisms leading to osteonecrosis of the jaw, by modulating both osteoblast and osteoclast properties.
Quality of Diabetes Mellitus Care by Rural Primary Care Physicians
Authors: Tonks Stephen A. , Makwana Sohil , Salanitro Amanda H. , Safford Monika M. , Houston Thomas K. , Allison Jeroan J. , Curry William , Estrada Carlos A. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPurpose: To explore the relationship between degree of rurality and glucose (hemoglobin A1c), blood pressure (BP), and lipid (LDL) control among patients with diabetes.Methods: Descriptive study; 1,649 patients in 205 rural practices in the United States. Patients’ residence ZIP codes defined degree of rurality (Rural‐Urban Commuting Areas codes). Outcomes were measures of acceptable control (A1c < = 9%, BP < 140/90 mmHg, LDL < 130 mg/dL) and optimal control (A1c < 7%, BP < 130/80 mmHg, LDL < 100 mg/dL). Statistical significance was set at P < .008 (Bonferroni's correction).Findings: Although the proportion of patients with reasonable A1c control worsened by increasing degree of rurality, the differences were not statistically significant (urban 90%, large rural 88%, small rural 85%, isolated rural 83%; P= .10); mean A1c values also increased by degree of rurality, although not statistically significant (urban 7.2 [SD 1.6], large rural 7.3 [SD 1.7], small rural 7.5 [SD 1.8], isolated rural 7.5 [SD 1.9]; P= .16). We observed no differences between degree of rural and reasonable BP or LDL control (P= .42, P= .23, respectively) or optimal A1c or BP control (P= .52, P= .65, respectively). Optimal and mean LDL values worsened as rurality increased (P= .08, P= .029, respectively).Conclusions: In patients with diabetes who seek care in the rural Southern United States, we observed no relationship between degree of rurality of patients’ residence and traditional measures of quality of care. Further examination of the trends and explanatory factors for relative worsening of metabolic control by increasing degree of rurality is warranted.
A Comparative Study of Financial Data Sources for Critical Access Hospitals: Audited Financial Statements, the Medicare Cost Report, and the Internal Revenue Service Form 990
Authors: Ozmeral Alisha Bhadelia , Reiter Kristin L. , Holmes George M. , Pink George H. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPurpose: Medicare Cost Reports (MCR), Internal Revenue Service Form 990s (IRS 990), and Audited Financial Statements (AFS) vary in their content, detail, purpose, timeliness, and certification. The purpose of this study was to compare selected financial data elements and characterize the extent of differences in financial data and ratios across the MCR, IRS 990, and AFS for a sample of nonprofit Critical Access Hospitals (CAHs).Methods: Line items from AFS of 47 CAHs were compared to data reported in the hospitals’ MCR and IRS 990s. Line items were based on 9 financial indicators commonly used to assess hospital financial performance.Findings: Of the indicators examined, the equity financing ratio most frequently matched between the 3 reports, while salaries and benefits to total expenses and debt service coverage were often different. Variances were driven by differences in individual account balances used to construct the ratios. Relative to AFS, cash was frequently lower on the IRS 990 while marketable securities and unrestricted investments were often higher. Other revenue and net income were consistently lower on the MCR and IRS 990, and depreciation was often higher on the MCR. The majority of total assets and fund balance (equity) values matched across the 3 reports, suggesting differences in classification among detailed accounts were more common than variances between the component totals (total assets, total liabilities, and fund balance).Conclusions: Health policy researchers should consider the impact of these variances on study results and consider ways to improve the availability and quality of financial accounting information.
Guideline Adherence in Cardiovascular Risk Assessment and Analysis in 15,000 Hypertensive German Patients in Real Life: Results of the Prospective 3A Registry
Authors: Dechend Ralf , Kaiser Edelgard , Derer Wolfgang , Deeg Evelin , Busjahn Andreas , Schmieder Roland E. , Zeymer Uwe 
Published: May 2012

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2012;00:00–00. ©2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The benefit obtained from antihypertensive treatment is related more to overall cardiovascular risk reduction than to blood pressure levels. Accurate implementation of cardiovascular diagnostics is a key step toward assessment of cardiovascular risk. In the 3A Registry study, data about patient history, concomitant diseases, diagnostic procedures, and medications were prospectively collected. A total of 14,738 patients recruited by 899 physicians in 2008 and 2009 were analyzed. Assessment of cardiovascular risk factors and subclinical end‐organ damage (SOD) showed broad differences in the implementation of European Society of Hypertension/European Society of Cardiology recommendations. Electrocardiograms were available in 59% of patients, cholesterol in 71.4%, and glucose in 69.7%. Almost all patients (99.6%) had creatinine measurements performed and microalbuminuria was measured in 8.5%. Metabolic syndrome (MS) had been evaluated in 59.7%. Implementation of diagnostic guidelines was highest in hypertensive patients with diabetes, followed by patients with known cardiovascular disease and established chronic renal insufficiency. For hypertensive patients without known comorbidities, the authors estimated that up to 29% had missed SOD (detection rate <50%) and 13% missed MS due to incomplete assessment of risk factors. This large registry study shows that assessment for cardiovascular risk factors and SOD is incomplete. Major efforts are required to improve comprehensive hypertension management as recommended by current guidelines.
The relationship between medication-related problems and behavioural health condition among patients served by a health care for the homeless centre
Authors: Marks Samantha Armour , Moczygemba Leticia R. , Gatewood Sharon B.S. , Osborn Robert D. , Wallace Nancy , Lakhani Sultan , Matzke Gary R. , Goode Jean-Venable R. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the association between behavioural health conditions and the presence of a medication-related problem (MRP) and the association between the type of MRP and the presence of a dual diagnosis.MethodsWe used an existing database from a behavioural health clinic for homeless persons. Logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between the type of behavioural health condition and MRP presence, and whether the type of MRP varied with the presence of a dual diagnosis.Key findingsA total of 426 patients were eligible. The majority were black (61%) and women (53%). Patients were 44.7 ± 10.2 years old, taking 3.4 ± 2.4 medications and had 2.3 ± 0.9 behavioural health conditions. The majority (53%) had a dual diagnosis, 44% had depression, 30% had a bipolar disorder, 26% had a personality disorder and 12% had an anxiety disorder. Bipolar [odds ratio (OR) 4.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.8–8.9] and anxiety disorders (OR 3.1, CI 1.0–9.2) and a dual diagnosis (OR 2.1, CI 1.2–3.8) were independently associated with the presence of an MRP. Patients with a dual diagnosis were more likely to have ineffective drug therapy (OR 1.7, CI 1.1–2.8) and less likely to have an adverse effect (OR 0.5, CI 0.3–0.9).ConclusionsPatients with bipolar or anxiety disorders and/or a dual diagnosis may benefit from a pharmacist intervention to address MRPs. Pharmacists can make recommendations to improve the effectiveness of patients' medication therapy and help to resolve adverse effects.
Animal Biowarfare Research: Historical Perspective and Potential Future Attacks
Authors: Yeh Jung‐Yong , Park Jee‐Yong , Cho Yun Sang , Cho In‐Soo 
Published: May 2012

SummaryA biological attack on livestock or poultry could result in the loss of valuable animals, costs related to the containment of outbreaks and the disposal of carcasses, lost trade and other economic effects involving suppliers, transporters, distributors and restaurants; however, it is not possible to secure all livestock, and livestock are much less well guarded than human targets. Thus, the vulnerability of the livestock industry to the introduction of biological agents varies for the following reasons: (i) the majority of lethal and contagious biological agents are environmentally resilient, endemic in foreign countries and harmless to humans, making it easier for terrorists to acquire, handle and deploy these pathogens, (ii) with animals concentrated in fewer production facilities and frequently transported between these facilities, a single pathogen introduction could cause widespread infection and (iii) the extent of human travel around the globe makes it difficult to exclude exotic animal diseases as possible biological agents. Historically, many governments have developed and planned to use biological agents for direct attacks on livestock or poultry. In the past, developed nations have actively developed biological weapons to target animals. The potential spectrum of bioterrorism ranges from isolated acts against individuals by individuals to tactical and strategic military attacks and state‐sponsored international terrorism intended to cause mass casualties in animals, humans or both. This review provides an overview of the past development and use of biological weapons and describes potential future attacks.
Enhanced Influenza Virus-Like Particle Vaccines Containing the Extracellular Domain of Matrix Protein 2 and a Toll-Like Receptor Ligand
Authors: Wang Bao-Zhong , Gill Harvinder S. , Kang Sang-Moo , Wang Li , Wang Ying-Chun , Vassilieva Elena V. , Compans Richard W. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTThe extracellular domain of matrix protein 2 (M2e) is conserved among influenza A viruses. The goal of this project is to develop enhanced influenza vaccines with broad protective efficacy using the M2e antigen. We designed a membrane-anchored fusion protein by replacing the hyperimmunogenic region ofSalmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium flagellin (FliC) with four repeats of M2e (4.M2e-tFliC) and fusing it to a membrane anchor from influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA). The fusion protein was incorporated into influenza virus M1-based virus-like particles (VLPs). These VLPs retained Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) agonist activity comparable to that of soluble FliC. Mice immunized with the VLPs by either intramuscular or intranasal immunization showed high levels of systemic M2-specific antibody responses compared to the responses to soluble 4.M2e protein. High mucosal antibody titers were also induced in intranasally immunized mice. All intranasally immunized mice survived lethal challenges with live virus, while intramuscularly immunized mice showed only partial protection, revealing better protection by the intranasal route. These results indicate that a combination of M2e antigens and TLR ligand adjuvants in VLPs has potential for development of a broadly protective influenza A virus vaccine.
Prevalence of Serum Bactericidal Antibody to Serogroup C Neisseria meningitidis in England a Decade after Vaccine Introduction
Authors: Ishola David A. , Borrow Ray , Findlow Helen , Findlow Jamie , Trotter Caroline , Ramsay Mary E. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTSerogroup C meningococcal disease incidence and carriage declined rapidly in the United Kingdom after infant serogroup C conjugate vaccination was introduced in 1999, with catch-up vaccination for children under 18 years. Antibody levels and effectiveness waned quickly in children vaccinated at 2, 3, and 4 months of age. Therefore, in 2006, the current revised schedule of doses at 3, 4, and 12 months was introduced. This study assessed age-specific protection in 2009 compared with data from historical prevaccination and early postvaccination studies. Rabbit complement serum bactericidal antibody (SBA) was measured in anonymously banked serum samples collected in England in 2009 (n= 1,174), taking titers of ≥8 as protective. Age-stratified proportions of SBA titers that were ≥8 and geometric mean titers were compared. SBA titers varied markedly by birth cohort and time since vaccination. Overall, 35% of samples (95% confidence interval [CI], 33 to 38%) had titers that were ≥8. Only in cohorts eligible for catch-up vaccination did the majority of individuals have protective antibody levels. Antibody levels were higher in children eligible for vaccination at primary and secondary school ages, compared to those eligible below the age of 5 years. In those eligible for completed vaccination under the current schedule, protective levels were very modest and there was no evidence of superiority to cohorts that were eligible for the previous schedule. This supports a need for older childhood or adolescent booster vaccination in those previously eligible for vaccination during the infant, toddler, or preschool periods, to maintain direct protection and potentially enhance population immunity.
Quantification of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Strains Representing Distinct Genotypes and Isolated from Domestic and Wildlife Animal Species by Use of an Automatic Liquid Culture System
Authors: Abendaño Naiara , Sevilla Iker , Prieto José M. , Garrido Joseba M. , Juste Ramon A. , Alonso-Hearn Marta 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT

Quantification of 11 clinical strains of
Mycobacterium avium
subsp.
paratuberculosis
isolated from domestic (cattle, sheep, and goat) and wildlife (fallow deer, deer, wild boar, and bison) animal species in an automatic liquid culture system (Bactec MGIT 960) was accomplished. The strains were previously isolated and typed using IS
1311
PCR followed by restriction endonuclease analysis (PCR-REA) into type C, S, or B. A strain-specific quantification curve was generated for each
M. avium
subsp.
paratuberculosis
strain by relating the time to detection in the liquid culture system to the estimated log
10
CFU in each inoculum. According to their growth curves, the tested
M. avium
subsp.
paratuberculosis
strains were classified into two distinct groups. The first group included the S-type strain isolated from goat and all the sheep strains with C, S, and B genotypes. A second group contained the C- and B-type strains isolated from cattle, goat, and wildlife animals with the exception of the fallow deer strain. The strains isolated from cattle or sheep showed similar strain-specific standard curves irrespective of their genotype. In contrast, the strains isolated from goat or from wildlife animal species varied in their rates of growth in liquid culture. Universal-standard curves and algorithms for the quantification of each group of strains were generated. In addition, the liquid culture system was compared with a real-time quantitative PCR system for the quantification of the 11
M. avium
subsp.
paratuberculosis
strains. Correlations between the estimated log
10
CFU and
M. avium
subsp.
paratuberculosis
DNA copy numbers were very high for all the tested strains (
R
≥ 0.9).