bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation of the post-derailment behaviour of a railway vehicle and its interaction with the infrastructure
Authors: Santelia Matteo , Mazzeo Francesco , Rosi Riccardo , Di Gialleonardo Egidio , Melzi Stefano , Bruni Stefano 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Train derailments may have catastrophic consequences, and therefore suitable measures should be designed and installed at specific safety-relevant sites to mitigate their effects. Mitigation measures, such as guard rails and containment walls, aim at restraining the motion of the derailed vehicle using suitable derailment containment devices. However, the design and structural sizing of these devices is challenging as the quantification of the loads caused by the impact with the vehicle is complex.
The aim of this paper is to extend previous work from the same authors aimed at defining a non-linear multi-body model for the simulation in time-domain of the post-derailment behaviour of a railway vehicle and the impact on a derailment containment wall. The extension presented in this paper is concerned with the model of the interaction of the derailed vehicle with the sleepers and with the ballast. To this aim, an algorithm is introduced to manage the different possible contact conditions the wheels of the vehicle may undergo during the derailment process: contact with the rail, with the sleepers and with the ballast. Then, a model of the impact between the derailed wheels and the sleepers is introduced, and a terramechanic model defining the forces acting on the wheels sinking in the ballast is established. The effect of the accurate modelling of forces exchanged by the derailed wheels with the sleepers and the ballast is quantified for a relevant derailment scenario and shown to be highly relevant to the estimation of the impact loads applied to the containment structure.
Sequential gentle hydration increases encapsulation in model protocells
Authors: Gehlbach Emma M. , Robinson Abbey O. , Engelhart Aaron E. , Adamala Katarzyna P. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSmall, spherical vesicles are a widely used chassis for the formation of model protocells and investigating the beginning of compartmentalized evolution. Various methods exist for their preparation, with one of the most common approaches being gentle hydration, where thin layers of lipids are hydrated with aqueous solutions and gently agitated to form vesicles. An important benefit to gentle hydration is that the method produces vesicles without introducing any organic contaminants, such as mineral oil, into the lipid bilayer. However, compared to other methods of liposome formation, gentle hydration is much less efficient at encapsulating aqueous cargo. Improving the encapsulation efficiency of gentle hydration would be of broad use for medicine, biotechnology, and protocell research. Here, we describe a method of sequentially hydrating lipid thin films to increase encapsulation efficiency. We demonstrate that sequential gentle hydration significantly improves encapsulation of water-soluble cargo compared to the traditional method, and that this improved efficiency is dependent on buffer composition. Similarly, we also demonstrate how this method can be used to increase concentrations of oleic acid, a fatty acid commonly used in origins of life research, to improve the formation of vesicles in aqueous buffer.
Use of diffusive gradients in thin-film technique to predict the mobility and transfer of nutrients and toxic elements from agricultural soil to crops—an overview of recent studies
Authors: Senila Marin , Kovacs Eniko 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this review was to survey the recent applications of the diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technique in the assessment of mobility and bioavailability of nutrients and potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in agricultural soil. Many studies compared the capabilities of the DGT technique with those of classical soil chemical extractants used in single or sequential procedures to predict nutrients and PTE bioavailability to crops. In most of the published works, the DGT technique was reported to be superior to the conventional chemical extraction and fractionation methods in obtaining significant correlations with the metals and metalloids accumulated in crops. In the domain of nutrient bioavailability assessment, DGT-based studies focused mainly on phosphorous and selenium labile fraction measurement, but potassium, manganese, and nitrogen were also studied using the DGT tool. Different DGT configurations are reported, using binding and diffusive layers specific for certain analytes (Hg, P, and Se) or gels with wider applicability, such as Chelex-based binding gels for metal cations and ferrihydrite-based hydrogels for oxyanions. Overall, the literature demonstrates that the DGT technique is relevant for the evaluation of metal and nutrient bioavailability to crops, due to its capacity to mimic the plant root uptake process, which justifies future improvement efforts.
On maximizing curves of degree 7
Authors: Czarnota Izabela 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the present paper we investigate an intriguing question on the existence of maximizing curves of degree 7 with some prescribed $$\textrm{ADE}$$
ADE
singularities. We give a result proving the non-existence of such maximizing septics and we give new examples of conic-line arrangements with some $$\textrm{ADE}$$
ADE
singularities that are free but not maximizing.
Expectations of emergency patients regarding triage system knowledge upon arrival: an interpretive study
Authors: Alnaeem Mohammad Minwer , Banihani Salam Salam , Islaih Asma , Al-Qudimat Ahmad R. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
One of the most important aspects of healthcare knowledge is having a thorough understanding of the triage system which is used in emergency departments. This study aims to assess the level of awareness of Jordanian patients who visit the ED about the triage procedure.

Methods
A descriptive, cross-sectional design was utilized in the emergency department at the biggest public hospital in Jordan. A convenience sample of a self-administrated questionnaire utilizing a Discounted Cash Flow Interview (DCF) survey was filled out.

Results
A total of 726 participants were recruited with a response rate of 90.8%. The mean age of the participants was M = 38.1 (SD = 12.9), and the age of the participants varied from 18 to 89 years. More than half of the participants were male (n = 383, 52.8%) and married (n = 425, 58.5%). A significant relationship between the overall perception of knowing what a teaching hospital is and patients’ educational level (X2 = 11.9, P < 0.003), current job (X2 = 25.2, P < 0.001), nationality (X2 = 7.20, P < 0.007), and family income (X2 = 15.9, P < 0.001).

Conclusion
More investigation is required to determine the causes of the low knowledge of the triage system. The study suggests increasing staffing levels, giving nursing staff ongoing education and training, and integrating technology and automation to reduce the load of patient care.
The new regulation on the digitalisation of judicial cooperation in the European Union: something old, something new, something borrowed and something blue
Authors: Gascón Inchausti Fernando 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper analyses the new EU Regulation on the digitalisation of judicial cooperation and access to justice in civil, commercial, and criminal matters, adopted in December 2023. The main objective is to promote the use of digital channels for communication between the authorities involved in the different instruments of judicial cooperation within the EU, extending the use of e-Codex. But the Regulation also determines the creation of the European electronic access point as a tool for communication with litigants and provides a minimum framework for participation by videoconference in certain judicial proceedings by those located in other Member States. Finally, the use of electronic seals, signatures and documents is generalised, as well as the electronic payment of court fees.
Machine Learning and image analysis towards improved energy management in Industry 4.0: a practical case study on quality control
Authors: Casini Mattia , De Angelis Paolo , Porrati Marco , Vigo Paolo , Fasano Matteo , Chiavazzo Eliodoro , Bergamasco Luca 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWith the advent of Industry 4.0, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has created a favorable environment for the digitalization of manufacturing and processing, helping industries to automate and optimize operations. In this work, we focus on a practical case study of a brake caliper quality control operation, which is usually accomplished by human inspection and requires a dedicated handling system, with a slow production rate and thus inefficient energy usage. We report on a developed Machine Learning (ML) methodology, based on Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (D-CNNs), to automatically extract information from images, to automate the process. A complete workflow has been developed on the target industrial test case. In order to find the best compromise between accuracy and computational demand of the model, several D-CNNs architectures have been tested. The results show that, a judicious choice of the ML model with a proper training, allows a fast and accurate quality control; thus, the proposed workflow could be implemented for an ML-powered version of the considered problem. This would eventually enable a better management of the available resources, in terms of time consumption and energy usage.
Autism and the Case Against Job Interviews
Authors: de Vries Bouke 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUnemployment rates among autistic people are high even among those with low-support needs. While a variety of measures is needed to address this problem, this article defends one that has not been defended in detail and that has profound implications for contemporary hiring practices. Building on empirical research showing that job interviews are a major contributor to autistic unemployment, it argues that such interviews should be abolished in many cases for autistic and non-autistic people alike.
Effects of Selective Laser Melting Process Parameters on Structural, Mechanical, Tribological and Corrosion Properties of CoCrFeMnNi High Entropy Alloy
Authors: Bulut Caner , Yıldız Fatih , Varol Temel , Kaya Gürkan , Ergüder Tevfik Oğuzhan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe structural, tribological, mechanical, corrosion, and other properties of materials produced by laser-based powder bed fusion additive manufacturing methods are significantly affected by production parameters and strategies. Therefore, understanding and controlling the effects of the parameters used in the manufacturing process on the material properties is extremely important for determining optimum production conditions and for saving time and materials. This study aimed to determine the optimal laser parameter values for CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy powders using the selective laser melting (SLM) method. The layer thickness was kept constant during experimentation. 5 different laser powers and 10 varying laser scanning speeds were tested, with hatch spacing from 30 to 90%. After determining the optimal laser parameters for SLM, prismatic samples were fabricated in different build orientations (0°, 45°, and 90°), and subsequently, their structural, mechanical, tribological, and corrosion properties were compared. Melt pool morphology could not be obtained at 20—40 and 60W laser powers and at all laser scanning speeds used at these laser powers. At 100 W laser power, 600 mm/s laser scanning speed, and 70% hatch spacing parameters, an ultimate tensile stress of 550 MPa and elongation of 48% were obtained. Among the samples produced in different build orientations, the sample produced with a 0° build orientation exhibited the highest relative density (99.94%), the highest microhardness (201.2 HV0.1), the lowest friction coefficient (0.7025), and the lowest wear and corrosion rates (0.7875 mpy). Additionally, SLM parameters were evaluated to have a significant impact on the performance of all properties of the samples.
Graphical Abstract
Clinical research progress of callisperes® of drug-loaded microsphere arterial chemoembolisation in the treatment of solid tumors
Authors: Wang Qin , Zhu Lujian , Sheng Qiyue 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe incidence and mortality of cancer is ever-increasing, which poses a significant challengesto human health and a substantial economic burden to patients. At present, chemotherapy is still a primary treatment for various cancers. However, chemotherapy kills tumors but also induces the related side effects, whichadversely impacting patient quality of life and exacerbating suffering. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new and effective treatments that can control tumor growth while reducing the side effects for patients. Arterial chemoembolization has been attracted much attentionwhich attributed to the advantage of ability to embolize tumor vessels to block blood and nutrition supplies. Thus, to achieve local tumor control, it has become an effective means of local tumor control and has been widely used in clinical practice. Despite its efficacy, conventional arterial chemoembolization techniques, limited by embolization materials, have been associated with incomplete embolization and suboptimal drug delivery outcomes. Gradually, researchers have shifted their attention to a new type of embolic material called CalliSperes® drug-eluting embolic bead (DEB). DEB can not only load high doses of drugs, but also has strong sustained drug release ability and good biocompatibility. The integration of DEBs with traditional arterial chemoembolization (DEB-TACE) promises targeted vascular embolization, mitigated tumor ischemia and hypoxia, and direct intravascular chemotherapy delivery. It can prevent cancer cell differentiation and accelerate their death, meanwhile, directly injecting chemotherapy drugs into the target blood vessels reduced the blood concentration of the whole body, thus reduced the toxic and side effects of chemotherapy. Furthermore, DEB-TACE's sustained drug release capability elevates local drug concentrations at the tumor site, amplifying its antitumor efficacy. Therefore, DEB-TACE has become a hot spot in clinical research worldwide. This review introduces the pathogenesis of solid tumors, the background of research and biological characteristics of DEB, and the action mechanism of DEB-TACE, as well as its clinical research in various solid tumors and future prospects. This review aims to provide new ideas for the treatment of DEB-TACE in various solid tumors.
RSM versus ANN for modeling and optimization of magnetic adsorbent based on montmorillonite and CoFe2O4
Authors: Desalegn Yiene Molla , Bekele Endrias Adane , Dagnaw Getamesay Haile , Marye Sisay Asmare , Reta Yared Daniel 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA highly resourceful, environmentally benign, and recyclable magnetic montmorillonite composite (MMT/CF) was obtained through a simple one-step hydrothermal method and exhibited excellent Pb (II) removal. The as-synthesized adsorbent was then characterized by XRD, SEM–EDX, FTIR, BET, and TGA-DTA. The operating parameters including adsorbent dosage, initial Pb (II) concentration, solution pH, and time were studied. Also, a comparative approach was formed between response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) to optimize and model the removal efficiency of Pb (II) by MMT/CF. The results indicated that the ANN model was more precise and quite trusted optimization tool than RSM in consideration of its higher correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.998) and lower prediction errors (RMSE = 0.851 and ADD = 0.505). Langmuir isotherm provided the best fit to the experimental data, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 101.01 mg/g. Additionally, the kinetic studies showed that the pseudo-second-order model fitted well with the experimental data. The magnetic MMT/CF composite possesses high adsorption capacity and is suitable for reuse. Therefore, this study shows that MMT/CF composite can be a potential adsorbent in Pb (II) uptake from aqueous media.
Gafchromic EBT3 film provides equivalent dosimetric performance to EBT-XD film for stereotactic radiosurgery dosimetry
Authors: Smyth Lloyd , Alves Andrew , Collins Katherine , Beveridge Sabeena 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe accurate assessment of film results is highly dependent on the methodology and techniques used to process film. This study aims to compare the performance of EBT3 and EBT-XD film for SRS dosimetry using two different film processing methods. Experiments were performed in a solid water slab and an anthropomorphic head phantom. For each experiment, the net optical density of the film was calculated using two different methods; taking the background (initial) optical density from 1) an unirradiated film from the same film lot as the irradiated film (stock to stock (S-S) method), and 2) a scan of the same piece of film taken prior to irradiation (film to film (F-F) method). EBT3 and EBT-XD performed similarly across the suite of experiments when using the green channel only or with triple channel RGB dosimetry. The dosimetric performance of EBT-XD was improved across all colour channels by using an F-F method, particularly for the blue channel. In contrast, EBT3 performed similarly well regardless of the net optical density method used. Across 21 SRS treatment plans, the average per-pixel agreement between EBT3 and EBT-XD films, normalised to the 20 Gy prescription dose, was within 2% and 4% for the non-target (2—10 Gy) and target (> 10 Gy) regions, respectively, when using the F-F method. At doses relevant to SRS, EBT3 provides comparable dosimetric performance to EBT-XD. In addition, an S-S dosimetry method is suitable for EBT3 while an F-F method should be adopted if using EBT-XD.
Pressure Drop and Cavitation Optimization of a Relief Valve Featuring Quick Coupling Used in Radar Systems
Authors: Mutlu Yaşar , Dönmez Aydın Hacı , Karadağ Muhammet Ali , Göklüberk Pınar 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This extensive study is carried out to minimize the pressure drop of a relief valve featuring quick-releasing coupling used in radar systems. The 3D two-phase computational fluid dynamic (CFD) study is verified with the experiments, and Taguchi’s orthogonal method is implemented for pressure drop optimization. Realizable k–ε turbulence model with enhanced wall treatment and the Schnerr and Sauer cavitation model are enforced within the numerical study. Four angles—the collet angle, the inlet angle, the plug angle, and the outlet angle—are considered at five levels of variation for the orthogonal optimization process. According to the statistical analysis, two more designs are suggested, and one of them resulted in further improved pressure drop performance. Moreover, the cavitation behavior of the proposed design is compared with the base design through water vapor volume fractions. While the water vapor volume fraction of the base design is 0.0045, no vapor formation is observed in the optimized designs at 20 l/min. The results of the proposed design are also validated by the experiments. The outcomes of the study showed that the inlet angle has a significant effect on the pressure drop phenomenon.
Essential oils from fennel plants as valuable chemical products: gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, FTIR, quantum mechanical investigation, and antifungal activity
Authors: Abd El-Kareem Mamoun S. M. , Rabbih Mohamed A. , Rashad A. M. , EL-Hefny Mervat 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the present study, the biomass produced by fennel plants (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) was converted to yield bioactive chemicals, and the hydrodistillation method was used to extract the essential oils (EOs) from both the leaves and the umbels. The antifungal activity of the EOs was tested using bioassay against the development of Fusarium oxysporum MW854649 and Alternaria solani MT279570. Molecular spectroscopic detection techniques were used to evaluate the EO products using gas chromatography–mass spectrometer (GC–MS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). GC–MS equipped with single quadruple analyzers have been used to measure the electron ionization (EI) mass spectra of the primary constituents of fennel EOs at 70 eV. The main chemical compounds in the EO from leaves were anethole, estragole, D-limonene, trans-β-ocimene, and fenchone, with percentages of 37.94, 35.56, 17.46, 1.53, and 1.49%, respectively. The abundant compounds in the EO from umbels were estragole, anethole, D-limonene, fenchone, and γ-terpinene, with percentages of 51.18, 25.08, 12.22, 6.57, and 2.86%, respectively. EI mass spectral fragmentation of the major compounds D-limonene, estragole, anethole, and fenchone has been investigated. Umbels and leaf EOs at 5000 mg/L displayed the strongest suppression of fungal growth against A. solani, with values of 87.78% and 79.63%, respectively, compared to the positive control (94.44%). The EOs from umbels and leaves at 5000 mg/L showed the highest inhibition of fungal growth against F. oxysprium as compared to the positive control (94.44%), with values of 77.77% and 72.96%, respectively. All of the important ions—including a few distinctive fragment ions—have comprehensive fragmentation pathways defined. Based on EI, the main routes of fragmentation for the primary compounds have been identified. The existence of alkenes, aliphatic alcohols, ethers, carboxylic acids, ester compounds, alkanes, hydrogen-bonded alcohols, and phenols was demonstrated by the FTIR analysis of fennel EOs. On the other hand, the reactive behavior of the studied molecules has been investigated using two quantum mechanics method: the modified neglect of diatomic overlap (MNDO), a semi-empirical method, and the density functional theory (DFT)/B3LYP hybrid density functional method with the 6-311G (d, p) basis set in the ground state for gas phase. The optimum geometries have been obtained through the execution of computations and electrostatic potential. The obtained analytical and calculated results were then used to understand the activity of the studied EOs in further medical applications.