bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation-based research for digital health pathologies: A multi-site mixed-methods study
Authors: Straw Isabel , Dobbin Joanna , Luna-Reaver Demelza , Tanczer Leonie 
Published: May 2024

Background The advance of digital health technologies has created new forms of potential pathology which are not captured in current clinical guidelines. Through simulation-based research, we have identified the challenges to clinical care that emerge when patients suffer from illnesses stemming from failures in digital health technologies. Methods Clinical simulation sessions were designed based on patient case reports relating to (a) medical device hardware errors, (b) medical device software errors, (c) complications of consumer technology and (d) technology-facilitated abuse. Clinicians were recruited to participate in simulations at three UK hospitals; audiovisual suites were used to facilitate group observation of simulation experience and focused debrief discussions. Invigilators scored clinicians on performance, clinicians provided individual qualitative and quantitative feedback, and extensive notes were taken throughout. Findings Paired t-tests of pre and post-simulation feedback demonstrated significant improvements in clinician's diagnostic awareness, technical knowledge and confidence in clinical management following simulation exposure (p < 0.01). Barriers to care included: (a) low suspicion of digital agents, (b) attribution to psychopathology, (c) lack of education in technical mechanisms and (d) little utility of available tests. Suggested interventions for improving future practice included: (a) education initiatives, (b) technical support platforms, (c) digitally oriented assessments in hospital workflows, (d) cross-disciplinary staff and (e) protocols for digital cases. Conclusion We provide an effective framework for simulation training focused on digital health pathologies and uncover barriers that impede effective care for patients dependent on technology. Our recommendations are relevant to educators, practising clinicians and professionals working in regulation, policy and industry.
Social Needs Screening and Intervention in Pediatric Primary Care: Impact on Families’ Experience of Care
Authors: Ronis Sarah D. , Masotya Marie , Birkby Genevieve , Stange Kurt C. 
Published: May 2024

Introduction/Objectives: Social determinants of health (SDoH) screening and intervention in pediatric primary care depends upon caregiver disclosure of adverse household or social conditions and thus may be influenced by perceived bias or stigma. This paper examines to what extent parents’ experience of their child’s medical home is associated with their perceptions of a practice-based social needs intervention. Methods: We conducted a cohort study of data reported by 73 parents of children obtaining care in a medical home with an embedded SDoH navigation program. Using survey data collected in October 2021 and October 2022, we calculated descriptive statistics and non-parametric bivariate analyses of the association between engagement with the SDoH navigation program and parent-reported social needs, stress, and perception of care quality as measured by the Person-Centered Primary Care Measure (PCPCM). Results: Initial ratings of care quality were high (mean baseline PCPCM score = 3.63) and remained high on second interview (mean change in PCPCM score = −0.04, 95%CI −0.16, 0.09, P = .58) despite significant reductions in parents’ ratings of access to care over time. Parents reported substantial stress, unmet social needs, and unmet healthcare needs, with 41 families (56%) ever using the practice-based SDoH program, including 16 (22%) who were new users in 2022. There was no association observed between PCPCM score and parent stress, unmet social needs, or use of SDoH services. Conclusions: Parents’ perceptions of care delivered in their child’s medical home appears to be stable on repeat measurement, and independent of family context or interactions with social needs navigation services offered in the practice.
Optimal Duration of Physical Therapy Following Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Benes Gregory , Adams Zachary , Dubic Michael , David Justin , Leonardi Claudia , Bronstone Amy , Dasa Vinod 
Published: May 2024

Aims & Objectives The purpose of this study was to identify patient characteristics associated with engagement and completion of physical therapy (PT) following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and examine the relationship between number of PT sessions attended and outcomes during the first 12 weeks after surgery. Methods Patients underwent unilateral primary TKA by a single surgeon and were advised to complete 17 PT sessions over 6 weeks at a hospital-affiliated facility. Analyses examined predictors of PT engagement (attendance of ≥2 sessions) and completion (attendance of 17 ± 1 sessions) within 6 weeks and associations between number of PT sessions attended and changes in range of motion (ROM) and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) values. Results Patients living <40 km were more likely to be engaged in PT than those living ≥40 km from the clinic ( P < .0001). Among patients who completed PT within 6 weeks, 95.0%, 85.1%, and 56.4% achieved flexion of, respectively, ≥90°, ≥100°, and ≥110°. Among engaged patients, the active flexion thresholds of ≥90°, ≥100°, and ≥110° were achieved by, respectively, 94.4%, 82.5%, and 58.1% by 6 weeks and by 96.7%, 92.1%, and 84.2% by 12 weeks. Improvement in KOOS Symptoms ( P = .029), Function in daily living ( P = .030) and quality of life ( P = .031) linearly decreased as number of PT sessions increased. Conclusions These results raise the question of whether patients who meet satisfactory outcomes before completing 6 weeks of prescribed PT and those who attend more PT sessions than prescribed may be over-utilizing healthcare resources without additional benefit.
The International Capital Flows and Domestic Savings–domestic Investment Nexus: A Comparative Evidence Between Heterogeneous Developing Regions
Authors: Pal Shreya 
Published: May 2024

Drawing inspiration from Feldstein and Horioka’s (1980) (FH) puzzle, our study elucidates the impact of remittances and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on domestic savings and investment in two disparate yet globalized developing regions: Latin America and the Caribbean and South Asia. Utilizing an extensive dataset spanning from 1984 to 2021 and employing diverse methodologies, including Dynamic System generalized method of moment, Driscoll–Kraay standard error, fully modified ordinary least squares, and dynamic ordinary least squares, our findings reveal that remittances exert a positive influence on both domestic investment and savings across both regions. However, South Asia predominantly directs remittance inflows towards investment, while Latin America and the Caribbean exhibit a propensity towards saving these funds. As for FDI, the primary developing region predominantly channels these funds into investment, whereas the lower region prioritizes savings. The impact of control variables manifests varied effects across both regions. Ultimately, our study underscores the pivotal role of foreign remittances in supporting investment and savings, underscoring the profound influence of economic growth on these dynamics. This accentuates the imperative for governments to proactively allocate financial resources to optimize economic growth and fortify financial frameworks. Moreover, focused strategies are indispensable for adeptly managing foreign inflows while navigating external shocks such as international repayments, external debt, and aid. Additionally, enhancements in monetary and fiscal policies are imperative to sustain competitive interest rates and foster stable macroeconomic conditions, thereby fostering conducive environments for both public and private domestic savings. JEL Classification: F24; F3; P33; C23; O18
Building the Case for Telehealth Yoga for Minors With Arthritis and Chronic Pain: A Perspective
Authors: Moonaz Steffany 
Published: May 2024

Childhood arthritis has a prevalence of around 300 000 US children. It has no cure, and is just one of many juvenile conditions associated with pain, fatigue, and a lifetime of medical care. Yoga has demonstrated effectiveness in improving symptoms and quality of life for adults with arthritis. Yoga can be easily adapted according to affected joints, movement limitations, and changes in disease status. It combines movement that is necessary for arthritis management and maintaining physical function, along with mental practices that help to address common psychosocial comorbidities such as depressive symptoms and affect. No research has been published on the effects of yoga in minors with arthritis and chronic pain. In-person yoga may not be feasible for this population because many patients live hours from their specialist healthcare. As telehealth becomes more acceptable, online yoga may offer an additional tool for symptom management and improved quality of life in juvenile chronic pain conditions. Clinical trials are necessary to evaluate the safety, feasibility, acceptability and effectiveness of teleyoga in the whole-person management of juvenile arthritis and chronic pain conditions.
AMPK activation eliminates senescent cells in diabetic wound by inducing NCOA4 mediated ferritinophagy
Authors: Liu Mengqian , Wei Xuerong , Zheng Zijun , Xie Erlian , Yu Qiuyi , Gao Yanbin , Ma Jun , Yang Lei 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Diabetic wounds are one of the long-term complications of diabetes, with a disordered microenvironment, diabetic wounds can easily develop into chronic non-healing wounds, which can impose a significant burden on healthcare. In diabetic condition, senescent cells accumulate in the wound area and suppress the wound healing process. AMPK, as a molecule related to metabolism, has a close relationship with aging and diabetes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of AMPK activation on wound healing and explore the underlying mechanisms.

Methods
AMPK activator A769662 was topically applied in wound models of diabetic mice. Alterations in the wound site were observed and analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The markers related to autophagy and ferritinophagy were analyzed by western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. The role of AMPK activation and ferritinophagy were also analyzed by western blotting.

Results
Our results show that AMPK activation improved diabetic wound healing and reduced the accumulation of senescent cells. Intriguingly, we found that AMPK activation-induced ferroptosis is autophagy-dependent. We detected that the level of ferritin had deceased and NCOA4 was markedly increased after AMPK activation treatment. We further investigated that NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy was involved in ferroptosis triggered by AMPK activation. Most importantly, AMPK activation can reverse the ferroptosis-insensitive of senescent fibroblast cells in diabetic mice wound area and promote wound healing.

Conclusions
These results suggest that activating AMPK can promote diabetic wound healing by reversing the ferroptosis-insensitive of senescent fibroblast cells. AMPK may serve as a regulatory factor in senescent cells in the diabetic wound area, therefore AMPK activation can become a promising therapeutic method for diabetic non-healing wounds.
A reduced proteomic signature in critically ill Covid-19 patients determined with plasma antibody micro-array and machine learning
Authors: Patel Maitray A. , Daley Mark , Van Nynatten Logan R. , Slessarev Marat , Cepinskas Gediminas , Fraser Douglas D. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
COVID-19 is a complex, multi-system disease with varying severity and symptoms. Identifying changes in critically ill COVID-19 patients’ proteomes enables a better understanding of markers associated with susceptibility, symptoms, and treatment. We performed plasma antibody microarray and machine learning analyses to identify novel proteins of COVID-19.

Methods
A case-control study comparing the concentration of 2000 plasma proteins in age- and sex-matched COVID-19 inpatients, non-COVID-19 sepsis controls, and healthy control subjects. Machine learning was used to identify a unique proteome signature in COVID-19 patients. Protein expression was correlated with clinically relevant variables and analyzed for temporal changes over hospitalization days 1, 3, 7, and 10. Expert-curated protein expression information was analyzed with Natural language processing (NLP) to determine organ- and cell-specific expression.

Results
Machine learning identified a 28-protein model that accurately differentiated COVID-19 patients from ICU non-COVID-19 patients (accuracy = 0.89, AUC = 1.00, F1 = 0.89) and healthy controls (accuracy = 0.89, AUC = 1.00, F1 = 0.88). An optimal nine-protein model (PF4V1, NUCB1, CrkL, SerpinD1, Fen1, GATA-4, ProSAAS, PARK7, and NET1) maintained high classification ability. Specific proteins correlated with hemoglobin, coagulation factors, hypertension, and high-flow nasal cannula intervention (P < 0.01). Time-course analysis of the 28 leading proteins demonstrated no significant temporal changes within the COVID-19 cohort. NLP analysis identified multi-system expression of the key proteins, with the digestive and nervous systems being the leading systems.

Conclusions
The plasma proteome of critically ill COVID-19 patients was distinguishable from that of non-COVID-19 sepsis controls and healthy control subjects. The leading 28 proteins and their subset of 9 proteins yielded accurate classification models and are expressed in multiple organ systems. The identified COVID-19 proteomic signature helps elucidate COVID-19 pathophysiology and may guide future COVID-19 treatment development.
Shared autonomous vehicles and agent based models: a review of methods and impacts
Authors: Karolemeas Christos , Tsigdinos Stefanos , Moschou Evi , Kepaptsoglou Konstantinos 
Published: May 2024

AbstractShared Autonomous Vehicles (SAVs) are expected to have a transformative role in future transportation systems, by reducing vehicle ownership, helping in alleviating congestion, improving accessibility and traffic safety, and changing travel behavior and urban infrastructure. The potential introduction of SAVs in transportation systems has triggered the need of exploiting suitable tools for designing and planning SAV operations and services and assessing their impacts. An explicit category of such tools are agent-based models (ABMs), whose advantage in efficiently representing transportation systems with a fine level of detail, has allowed them to gain importance in modeling SAVs. This paper systematically reviews and organizes the current state-of-the-art on ABMs dealing with SAVs. The review is two-fold: first, the methodological aspects of exploiting ABMs in the context of SAV services and operations are analyzed and second, ABM-based findings on the anticipated impacts of SAVs to traffic, travel behavior, land uses, the environment and so on, are presented and discussed. The paper concludes with recommendations for future research on SAVs and other, potential ABM applications for that purpose.
Semi-quantitative group testing for efficient and accurate qPCR screening of pathogens with a wide range of loads
Authors: Nambiar Ananthan , Pan Chao , Rana Vishal , Cheraghchi Mahdi , Ribeiro João , Maslov Sergei , Milenkovic Olgica 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Pathogenic infections pose a significant threat to global health, affecting millions of people every year and presenting substantial challenges to healthcare systems worldwide. Efficient and timely testing plays a critical role in disease control and transmission prevention. Group testing is a well-established method for reducing the number of tests needed to screen large populations when the disease prevalence is low. However, it does not fully utilize the quantitative information provided by qPCR methods, nor is it able to accommodate a wide range of pathogen loads.

Results
To address these issues, we introduce a novel adaptive semi-quantitative group testing (SQGT) scheme to efficiently screen populations via two-stage qPCR testing. The SQGT method quantizes cycle threshold (Ct) values into multiple bins, leveraging the information from the first stage of screening to improve the detection sensitivity. Dynamic Ct threshold adjustments mitigate dilution effects and enhance test accuracy. Comparisons with traditional binary outcome GT methods show that SQGT reduces the number of tests by 24% on the only complete real-world qPCR group testing dataset from Israel, while maintaining a negligible false negative rate.

Conclusion
In conclusion, our adaptive SQGT approach, utilizing qPCR data and dynamic threshold adjustments, offers a promising solution for efficient population screening. With a reduction in the number of tests and minimal false negatives, SQGT holds potential to enhance disease control and testing strategies on a global scale.
Characterization of telomere variant repeats using long reads enables allele-specific telomere length estimation
Authors: Stephens Zachary , Kocher Jean-Pierre 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTelomeres are regions of repetitive DNA at the ends of linear chromosomes which protect chromosome ends from degradation. Telomere lengths have been extensively studied in the context of aging and disease, though most studies use average telomere lengths which are of limited utility. We present a method for identifying all 92 telomere alleles from long read sequencing data. Individual telomeres are identified using variant repeats proximal to telomere regions, which are unique across alleles. This high-throughput and high-resolution characterization of telomeres could be foundational to future studies investigating the roles of specific telomeres in aging and disease.
Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals major genes, transcription factors and biosynthetic pathways associated with leaf senescence in rice under different nitrogen application
Authors: Zhang Yafang , Wang Ning , He Chenggong , Gao Zhiping , Chen Guoxiang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important food crops in the world and the application of nitrogen fertilizer is an effective means of ensuring stable and high rice yields. However, excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer not only causes a decline in the quality of rice, but also leads to a series of environmental costs. Nitrogen reutilization is closely related to leaf senescence, and nitrogen deficiency will lead to early functional leaf senescence, whereas moderate nitrogen application will help to delay leaf senescence and promote the production of photosynthetic assimilation products in leaves to achieve yield increase. Therefore, it is important to explore the mechanism by which nitrogen affects rice senescence, to search for genes that are tolerant to low nitrogen, and to delay the premature senescence of rice functional leaves.

Results
The present study was investigated the transcriptional changes in flag leaves between full heading and mature grain stages of rice (O. sativa) sp. japonica ‘NanGeng 5718’ under varying nitrogen (N) application: 0 kg/ha (no nitrogen; 0N), 240 kg/ha (moderate nitrogen; MN), and 300 kg/ha (high nitrogen; HN). Compared to MN condition, a total of 10427 and 8177 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in 0N and HN, respectively. We selected DEGs with opposite expression trends under 0N and HN conditions for GO and KEGG analyses to reveal the molecular mechanisms of nitrogen response involving DEGs. We confirmed that different N applications caused reprogramming of plant hormone signal transduction, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, ascorbate and aldarate metabolism and photosynthesis pathways in regulating leaf senescence. Most DEGs of the jasmonic acid, ethylene, abscisic acid and salicylic acid metabolic pathways were up-regulated under 0N condition, whereas DEGs related to cytokinin and ascorbate metabolic pathways were induced in HN. Major transcription factors include ERF, WRKY, NAC and bZIP TF families have similar expression patterns which were induced under N starvation condition.

Conclusion
Our results revealed that different nitrogen levels regulate rice leaf senescence mainly by affecting hormone levels and ascorbic acid biosynthesis. Jasmonic acid, ethylene, abscisic acid and salicylic acid promote early leaf senescence under low nitrogen condition, ethylene and ascorbate delay senescence under high nitrogen condition. In addition, ERF, WRKY, NAC and bZIP TF families promote early leaf senescence. The relevant genes can be used as candidate genes for the regulation of senescence. The results will provide gene reference for further genomic studies and new insights into the gene functions, pathways and transcription factors of N level regulates leaf senescence in rice, thereby improving NUE and reducing the adverse effects of over-application of N.
Transcriptome analysis of antioxidant system response in Styrax tonkinensis seedlings under flood-drought abrupt alternation
Authors: Chen Hong , Han Chao , Cui Luomin , Liu Zemao , Yu Fangyuan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Styrax tonkinensis (Pierre) Craib ex Hartwich faces challenges in expanding in the south provinces of Yangtze River region due to climate extremes like flood-drought abrupt alternation (FDAA) caused by global warming. Low tolerance to waterlogging and drought restricts its growth in this area. To study its antioxidant system and molecular response related to the peroxisome pathway under FDAA, we conducted experiments on two-year-old seedlings, measuring growth indexes, reactive oxygen species content, antioxidant enzyme activity, and analyzing transcriptomes under FDAA and drought (DT) conditions.

Results
The physiological results indicated a reduction in water content in roots, stems, and leaves under FDAA conditions. The most significant water loss, amounting to 15.53% was observed in the leaves. Also, ROS accumulation was predominantly observed in leaves rather than roots. Through transcriptome analysis, we assembled a total of 1,111,088 unigenes (with a total length of 1,111,628,179 bp). Generally, SOD1 and CAT genes in S. tonkinensis seedlings were up-regulated to scavenge ROS. Conversely, the MPV17 gene exhibited contrasting reaction with up-regulation in leaves and down-regulation in roots, leading to increased ROS accumulation in leaves. CHS and F3H were down-regulated, which did not play an essential role in scavenging ROS. Moreover, the down-regulation of PYL, CPK and CALM genes in leaves may not contribute to stomatal closure, thereby causing continuous water loss through transpiration. Whereas, the decreased root vigor during the waterlogging phase and up-regulated CPK and CALM in roots posed obstacles to water absorption by roots. Additionally, the DEGs related to energy metabolism, including LHCA and LHCB, were negatively regulated.

Conclusions
The ROS generation triggered by MPV17 genes was not the main reason for the eventual mortality of the plant. Instead, plant mortality may be attributed to water loss during the waterlogging phase, decreased root water uptake capacity, and continued water loss during the subsequent drought period. This study establishes a scientific foundation for comprehending the morphological, physiological, and molecular facts of S. tonkinensis under FDAA conditions.