bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cosmology and the classical limit of the S-matrix
Authors: Aoki Katsuki , Cristofoli Andrea 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We investigate the relationships between classical observables in cosmology and the classical limit of quantum scattering amplitudes. We first look at the relation between Bogoliubov transformations and the notion of classical limit. Then, we compute the cosmological redshift for a particle in a cosmological background and the emitted gravitational waveform from a quantum field theory basis and its classical limit. We observe that there is no interpretation for the geodesic redshift purely in terms of on-shell amplitudes in flat space, given that the classical limit of a scalar 2-point vanishes when considering an FRW background with two asymptotically flat in and out regions. We resolve this apparent conundrum and recover the correct observable by showing that the action of Hermitian operators differs between the in and out regions, unlike standard approaches in flat spacetime. We then show that radiation reaction corrections to the redshift enter already at order G. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the emitted waveform can be represented solely in terms of an on-shell 3-point amplitude in flat space without energy conservation, providing a closed formula for the waveform in an impulsive FRW.
Effect of low-level laser therapy on en masse retraction in females with bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion
Authors: Dehis Heba Mohamed , El Sharaby Fouad Aly , Eid Faten Husain , Mostafa Yehya Ahmed 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundAcceleration of tooth movement has gained remarkable attention during the last decade. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on en masse retraction of upper anterior teeth in adult women with bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion.Materials and methodsIn this two-arm parallel trial, 36 women with bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion were randomly divided into two equal groups. Eligibility criteria included class I Angle molar relationship, good general and oral health as well as no systemic disease or syndrome. Four temporary anchorage devices (TADs) were used in the upper and lower arches for anchorage purposes. A 0.019×0.025-inch stainless steel wire with crimped hooks just distal to the maxillary canines was inserted. Nickle titanium (NiTi) closed coil springs (200 g/side) were employed for en masse retraction following extraction of the first premolars. In the laser group (LG), retraction of the upper anterior teeth was done along with the application of LLLT on days 0, 3, 7, and 14 after extraction and then repeated biweekly until the end of retraction. Retraction was completed without LLLT application in the nonlaser group (NLG). Data concerning the rate of retraction as well as first molars and anterior positional changes were gained from digitized models and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans taken just before extraction and at the end of retraction. Treatment-associated pain and root resorption were evaluated using visual analogue scale (VAS) and CBCT scans, respectively.ResultsFour patients dropped out prior to follow-up. The duration of retraction was 10.125 ± 2.876 and 13.643 ± 3.455 months in the LG and NLG, respectively. The LG showed a statistically significant faster rate of en masse retraction (0.833 ± 0.371 mm/month) compared to the NLG (0.526 ± 0.268 mm/month;P ≤ 0.035). The observed root resorption was significantly less in the LG (P ≤ 0.05) with comparable pain scores in both groups.ConclusionsWithin the constraints of the parameters of the LLLT used in the current study and despite the statistically significant results on the rate of en masse retraction and the associated root resorption, LLLT did not demonstrate a clinically relevant effect that justifies its use to enhance en masse retraction.Name of the registryClinicaltrials.govTrial registration numberNCT05183451Date of registrationJanuary 10, 2022, “Retrospectively registered”URL of trial registry recordhttps://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05183451
Genomic Gigantism is not Associated with Reduced Selection Efficiency in Neotropical Salamanders
Authors: Rios-Carlos Hairo , Segovia-Ramírez María Guadalupe , Fujita Matthew K. , Rovito Sean M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGenome size variation in eukaryotes has myriad effects on organismal biology from the genomic to whole-organism level. Large genome size may be associated with lower selection efficiency because lower effective population sizes allow fixation of deleterious mutations via genetic drift, increasing genome size and decreasing selection efficiency. Because of a hypothesized negative relationship between genome size and recombination rate per base pair, increased genome size could also increase the effect of linked selection in the genome, decreasing the efficiency with which natural selection can fix or remove mutations. We used a transcriptomic dataset of 15 and a subset of six Neotropical salamander species ranging in genome size from 12 to 87 pg to study the relationship between genome size and efficiency of selection. We estimated dN/dS of salamanders with small and large genomes and tested for relaxation of selection in the larger genomes. Contrary to our expectations, we did not find a significant relationship between genome size and selection efficiency or strong evidence for higher dN/dS values in species with larger genomes for either species set. We also found little evidence for relaxation of selection in species with larger genomes. A positive correlation between genome size and range size (a proxy of population size) in this group disagrees with predictions of stronger drift in species with larger genomes. Our results highlight the complex interactions between the many forces shaping genomic variation in organisms with genomic gigantism.
Impact of a 6–12-h delay between ileocolic intussusception diagnostic US and fluoroscopic reduction on patients’ outcomes
Authors: Lopez-Rippe Julian , Davis J. Christopher , Dennis Rebecca A. , Kaplan Summer L. , Delgado Jorge 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Image-guided reduction of intussusception is considered a radiologic urgency requiring 24-h radiologist and technologist availability.

Objective
To assess whether a delay of 6–12 h between US diagnosis and fluoroscopic reduction of ileocolic intussusception affects the success frequency of fluoroscopic reduction.

Materials and methods
Retrospective review of 0–5-year-olds undergoing fluoroscopic reduction for ileocolic intussusception from 2013 to 2023. Exclusions were small bowel intussusception, self-reduced intussusception, first fluoroscopic reduction attempt>12 h after US, prior bowel surgery, inpatient status, and patient transferred for recurrent intussusception. Data collected included demographics, symptoms, air/contrast enema selection, radiation dose, reduction failure, 48-h recurrence, surgery, length of stay, and complications. Comparisons between<6-h and 6–12-h delays after ultrasound diagnosis were made using chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, and Mann–Whitney U tests (P< 0.05 considered significant).

Results
Of 438 included patients, 387 (88.4%) were reduced in <6 h (median age 1.4 years) and 51 (11.7%) were reduced between 6 and 12 h (median age 2.05 years), with median reduction times of 1:42 and 7:07 h, respectively. There were no significant differences between the groups for reduction success (<6 h 87.3% vs. 6–12 h 94.1%; P-value = 0.16), need for surgery (<6 h 11.1% vs. 6–12 h 3.9%; P-value=0.112), recurrence of intussusception within 48 h after reduction (<6 h 9.3% vs. 6–12 h 15.7%; P-value=0.154), or length of hospitalization (<6 h 21:07 h vs. 6–12 h 20:03 h; P-value=0.662).

Conclusion
A delay of 6–12 h between diagnosis and fluoroscopic reduction of ileocolic intussusception is not associated with reduced fluoroscopic reduction success, need for surgical intervention after attempted reduction, recurrence of intussusception following successful reduction, or hospitalization duration after reduction.

Graphical Abstract
Mechanical models and measurement methods of solid stress in tumors
Authors: Bi Yingwei , Jin Jiacheng , Wang Rui , Liu Yuxin , Zhu Liang , Wang Jianbo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In addition to genetic mutations, biomechanical factors also affect the structures and functions of the tumors during tumor growth, including solid stress, interstitial fluid pressure, stiffness, and microarchitecture. Solid stress affects tumors by compressing cancer and stromal cells and deforming blood and lymphatic vessels which reduce supply of oxygen, nutrients and drug delivery, making resistant to treatment. Researchers simulate the stress by creating mechanical models both in vitro and in vivo. Cell models in vitro are divided into two dimensions (2D) and three dimensions (3D). 2D models are simple to operate but exert pressure on apical surface of the cells. 3D models, the multicellular tumor spheres, are more consistent with the actual pathological state in human body. However, the models are more difficult to establish compared with the 2D models. Besides, the procedure of the animal models in vivo is even more complex and tougher to operate. Then, researchers challenged to quantify the solid stress through some measurement methods. We compared the advantages and limitations of these models and methods, which may help to explore new therapeutic targets for normalizing the tumor’s physical microenvironment.

Key points
•This is the first review to conclude the mechanical models and measurement methods in tumors.
•The merit and demerit of these models and methods are compared.
•Insights into further models are discussed.
Association of routine hematological parameters with the development of monoclonal gammopathies: a case-control study of 134,740 patients
Authors: Røllum-Larsen Jakob , Engell Anna Elise , Diaz-delCastillo Marta , Heegaard Anne-Marie , Jørgensen Henrik Løvendahl 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe diagnosis of multiple myeloma requires detection of paraproteinemia and confirmation of monoclonal bone marrow infiltration, along with signs of end-organ damage. Despite the increasing prevalence, serum paraproteinemia is not routinely measured. We examined the relationship between alterations in routine hematological parameters and the development of paraproteinemia in a case-control study. Data was retrieved from a laboratory database in the capital region of Denmark between 01/01/2012 and 31/12/2022. Patients were included if they had a test for paraproteinemia (n = 134,740) and at least one prior hematological parameter (white blood cells, hemoglobin and platelet count) with a minimum follow-up of 1 year.Between 96,999 and 103,590 patients were included in each of the three hematological groups. We found white blood cell count and the presence of paraproteinemia followed an inverse J-shaped curve, with the highest presence below 3 × 109/L and above > 9 × 109/L. The adjusted OR below and above the nadir of 4 × 109/L was 1.61 (95% CI 1.25; 2.08, p < 0.0001) and 1.03 (95% CI 1.03; 1.04, p < 0.0001). Hemoglobin levels were inversely associated the presence of paraproteinemia, with the highest association below 6 mmol/L with an OR of 1.30 (95% CI 1.28; 1.32, p < 0.0001) adjusted for age and gender. Platelet count followed a U-shaped curve with the highest association at < 100 × 109/L. The adjusted OR below and above the nadir of 250 × 109/L was 1.13 (95% CI 1.10; 1.17, p < 0.0001) and 1.10 (95% CI 1.08; 1.12, p < 0.0001) respectively. In conclusion, all three parameters showed significant association with later paraproteinemia.
Production and characterization of novel biodegradable films using fruit industrial waste and aloe vera gel
Authors: Soydal U. , Ahmetli G. , Yıldırım M. , Işık M. , Okcuoglu M. C. , Bul M. M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOne of the huge volumes of fruit waste that is a concern for waste management challenges today is the fruit juice industry sour cherry kernel (SCK) waste. The gel obtained by processing the leaf extract of aloe vera (AVG) is the most commercial aloe species and has become a major industry worldwide. This study used AVG and SCK as an additive in acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (AESO) to prepare biobased film materials. Two types of processes were used in curing the films: UV curing from acrylate groups and thermal curing from epoxide groups of AESO. The effect of additive type and amount on antibacterial activity, mechanical, swelling, mass loss, and water vapor permeability properties of the films were investigated. The produced films were characterized using FTIR spectra. Thermal properties were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The biodegradability of AESO was determined as 7.095%. In comparison, the highest biodegradation was observed in films with 50% additive content and this value was measured as 8.89% and 39.95% for AVG- and SCK-containing films, respectively. In addition, the corrosion tests of the films were also carried out and the films with SCK additives were more resistant to corrosive environments. Data were analyzed using an ANOVA test.
Graphical abstract
The effects of sodium hydrogen carbonate ingestion during the recovery period between two 200-m front-crawl time trials
Authors: Ušaj Anton , Marčun Robert , Štrumbelj Boro 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to determine how sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3) ingestion during a 1-h recovery period after a 200-m front-crawl swim affects blood–gas levels, acid–base balance, and performance during a successive trial.

Methods
Fourteen national-level male swimmers (age: 21 ± 3 years, body mass (BM):77 ± 10 kg, stature: 181 ± 7 cm) performed four maximal 200-m front-crawl tests. On one of the two days, the swimmers swam two 200-m tests with a 1-h recovery break, during which they drank water (WATER); on the other day, they performed the same protocol but consumed 0.3 g min−1 NaHCO3 solution during the recovery break (NaHCO3).

Results
The ingestion of NaHCO3 before the second test had no effect on swim time despite a greater [$${HCO}_{3}^{-}$$

HCO

3

-

] (19.2 ± 2.3 mmol L−1) than that measured during the first test (NaHCO3) (14.5 ± 1.1 mmol L−1) and the other two tests (WATER) (12.7 ± 2.4 and 14.8 ± 1.5 mmol L−1; F = 18.554; p = 0.000) and a higher blood pH (7.46 ± 0.03) than that measured during the first test (NaHCO3) (7.39 ± 0.02) and the other two tests (WATER) (7.16 ± 0.04 and 7.20 ± 0.05); (F = 5.255; p = 0.004). An increase in blood pCO2 (0.2 ± 0.3 kPa) between both tests (NaHCO3) compared to unchanged pCO2 values (− 0.1 ± 0.3 kPa) between the other two tests (WATER) (t = − 2.984; p = 0.011; power = 0.741) was confirmed.

Conclusions
NaHCO3 ingestion during the recovery period between two 200-m front-crawl time trials had a strong buffering effect that did not positively affect performance. An increase in pCO2 may have counterbalanced this impact.
Intraoperative neuromonitoring during thyroidectomy does not decrease vocal cord palsy risk, but the cumulative experience of the surgeon may
Authors: Bae Hye Lim , Oh Moon Young , Han Mira , Wu Che-Wei , Chai Young Jun 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the influence of intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) on vocal cord palsy (VCP) rates and assess the temporal trends in VCP rates.

Methods
The subjects of this retrospective study were patients who underwent thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer between March, 2014 and June, 2022, at a university hospital in Korea. We compared VCP rates between the non-IONM and IONM groups and analyzed the risk factors for VCP and VCP rates over time.

Results
A total of 712 patients were included in the analysis. The rates of transient and permanent VCP did not differ significantly between the non-IONM and IONM groups. Transient VCP occurred in 4.6% and 4.3% patients (p = 0.878) and VCP was permanent in 0.7% and 0.4% patients (p = 0.607) in the non-IONM and IONM groups, respectively. Among the nerves at risk, transient damage occurred in 2.8% and 3.0% patients (p = 0.901), and permanent damage occurred in 0.4% and 0.3% (p = 0.688), respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed no significant risk factors for VCP. There was a significant decreasing trend in VCP rates over time as the cumulative number of cases increased (p = 0.017).

Conclusions
IONM did not reduce the risk of VCP significantly. However, the declining trend of VCP rates suggests that the surgeon’s experience may mitigate VCP risk.
Volumetric evaluation of osteotomy gap following mandibular bilateral sagittal split osteotomy using a novel semi-automated approach: a pilot study
Authors: Odaka Kento , Steffen Claudius , Wagendorf Oliver , Geissler Sven , Ebker Tobias , Rubarth Kerstin , Nguyen Thanh Thao , Bortel Emely Lea , Sarasaen Chompunuch , Duda Georg N. , Heiland Max , Voss Jan Oliver 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Objectives
To establish an analysis pipeline for the volumetric evaluation of the osteotomy site after bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO).

Patients and methods
Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was performed before, directly after BSSO, and 6–12 months after surgery. Image segmentations of each osteotomy gap data set were performed manually by four physicians and were compared to a semi-automatic segmentation approach.

Results
Five patients with a total of ten osteotomy gaps were included. The mean interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of individual patients was 0.782 and the standard deviation 0.080 when using the manual segmentation approach. However, the mean ICC of the evaluation of anatomical sites and time points separately was 0.214, suggesting a large range of deviation within the manual segmentation of each rater. The standard deviation was 0.355, further highlighting the extent of the variation. In contrast, the semi-automatic approach had a mean ICC of 0.491 and a standard deviation of 0.365, which suggests a relatively higher agreement among the operators compared to the manual segmentation approach. Furthermore, the volume of the osteotomy gap in the semi-automatic approach showed the same tendency in every site as the manual segmentation approach, but with less deviation.

Conclusion
The semi-automatic approach developed in the present study proved to be valid as a standardised method with high repeatability. Such image analysis methods could help to quantify the progression of bone healing after BSSO and beyond, eventually facilitating the earlier identification of patients with retarded healing.
Safety of nivolumab monotherapy in five cancer types: pooled analysis of post-marketing surveillance in Japan
Authors: Hiraizumi Kenji , Honda Chikara , Watanabe Ayu , Nakao Takafumi , Midorikawa Shuichi , Abe Hiromi , Matsui Nobuki , Yamamoto Tsunehisa , Sakamoto Takahiko 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Nivolumab has been approved for treating ≥ 10 cancer types. However, there is limited information on the incidence of rare, but potentially serious, treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs), as well as notable TRAEs in patients with certain medical disorders or older patients in Japan.

Methods
We performed pooled analyses of data from published post-marketing surveillance in Japan of nivolumab monotherapy for patients with malignant melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, renal cell carcinoma, head and neck cancer, and gastric cancer to determine the frequencies of 20 categories of TRAEs of special interest overall and in patient groups with higher perceived safety risks (history of autoimmune disease, interstitial lung disease, tuberculosis, or hepatitis B/C; patients vaccinated during nivolumab treatment; and older patients [≥ 75 years]).

Results
The overall population comprised 7421 patients treated with nivolumab. TRAEs were reported in 49.1% of patients, with grade ≥ 3 TRAEs in 16.7%. Endocrine disorders (14.4%), hepatobiliary disorders (10.9%), and interstitial lung disease (7.0%) were the three most common categories (any grade). The incidences of rare TRAEs with high risk of becoming serious, which occurred in < 1% of patients, were consistent with those in previous reports. The frequencies of TRAEs were not markedly increased in the specified patient groups relative to the overall population.

Conclusion
To our knowledge, this is the largest study examining the safety of nivolumab-treated patients in real-world clinical practice including rare but potentially serious TRAEs. We found no new signals in the safety of nivolumab among the patient groups relative to the overall population, and no additional safety measures are required in these groups.
Trial registration UMIN000048892 (overall analysis), JapicCTI-163272 (melanoma), Japic-163271 (non-small cell lung cancer), JapicCTI-184071 (head and neck cancer), JapicCTI-184070 (gastric cancer), and JapicCTI-184069 (renal cell cancer).
Mir22hg facilitates ferritinophagy-mediated ferroptosis in sepsis by recruiting the m6A reader YTHDC1 and enhancing Angptl4 mRNA stability
Authors: Deng Wenlong , Zhong Liang , Ye Shupei , Luo Jiajing , Ren Guobin , Huang Junhao , Zhuang Xiaolei 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Ferritinophagy-mediated ferroptosis plays a crucial role in fighting pathogen aggression. The long non-coding RNA Mir22hg is involved in the regulation of ferroptosis and aberrantly overexpression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis mice, but whether it regulates sepsis through ferritinophagy-mediated ferroptosis is unclear.

Methods
Mir22hg was screened by bioinformatics analysis. Ferroptosis was assessed by assaying malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and Fe2+ levels, glutathione (GSH) activity, as well as ferroptosis-related proteins GPX4 and SLC3A2 by using matched kits and performing western blot. Ferritinophagy was assessed by Lyso tracker staining and FerroOrange staining, immunofluorescence analysis of Ferritin and LC-3, and western blot analysis of LC-3II/I, p62, FTH1, and NCOA4. The bind of YTH domain containing 1 (YTHDC1) to Mir22hg or angiopoietin-like-4 (Angptl4) was verified by RNA pull-down and/or immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays.

Results
Mir22hg silencing lightened ferroptosis and ferritinophagy in LPS-induced MLE-12 cells and sepsis mouse models, as presented by the downregulated MDA, ROS, Fe2+, NCOA4, and SLC3A2 levels, upregulated GPX4, GSH, and FTH1 levels, along with a decrease in autophagy. Mir22hg could bind to the m6A reader YTHDC1 without affecting its expression. Mechanistically, Mir22hg enhanced Angptl4 mRNA stability through recruiting the m6A reader YTHDC1. Furthermore, Angptl4 overexpression partly overturned Mir22hg inhibition-mediated effects on ferroptosis and ferritinophagy in LPS-induced MLE-12 cells.

Conclusion
Mir22hg contributed to in ferritinophagy-mediated ferroptosis in sepsis via recruiting the m6A reader YTHDC1 and strengthening Angptl4 mRNA stability, highlighting that Mir22hg may be a potential target for sepsis treatment based on ferroptosis.