bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case-Finding for Depression in Elderly People: Balancing Ease of Administration With Validity in Varied Treatment Settings
Authors: Blank Karen , Gruman Cynthia , Robison Julie T. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Background. Little is known about the performance of brief and ultrabrief (1- and 2-question) depression screens in older patients across varied treatment sites. This study (1) assesses their validity in clinics, hospitals, and nursing homes and (2) assesses cut-points for optimal clinical application.
Methods. 360 patients aged 60 years and older from 2 urban primary care practices (n = 125), 1 general hospital (n = 150), and 8 nursing homes (n = 85) were assessed using the Yale 1-question screen, the 2-question instrument derived from the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders, and long and short versions of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for each screen compared with the criterion standard Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) depression diagnosis and receiver operating characteristic curves generated.
Results. 9% of patients met DIS criteria for major depression and 7% for subsyndromal depression. Overall, the 10-item CES-D showed the best sensitivity/specificity for major depression in clinics (79%/81%) and hospitals (92%/77%), and the short GDS in nursing homes (86%/82%). Specificity of 1- and 2-question instruments was generally low. Established cut-points generally worked best for the short screens, while modifications were useful for longer versions.
Conclusions. Consideration of site of use is important in selecting brief case-finding instruments for late-life depression, with the 10-item CES-D working best in medical settings and the 15-item GDS in nursing homes.
Dietary Variety Predicts Low Body Mass Indexand Inadequate Macronutrient and MicronutrientIntakes in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Roberts Susan B. , Hajduk Cheryl L. , Howarth Nancy C. , Russell Robert , McCrory Megan A. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackground. Low body mass index (BMI) and micronutrient deficiencies are associated with increased morbidity and mortality rates in old age. Whether adverse patterns of dietary variety predict both low BMI and low micronutrient intakes in older adults was investigated.Methods. A cross-sectional analysis of national survey data was conducted in 1174 healthy adult men and women (ages 21 to 90 years) who provided physiologically plausible dietary data in the 1994–1996 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals. Measurements included reported energy intake, protein intake (percentage meeting Recommended Dietary Allowance), micronutrient intakes (percentage meeting Estimated Average Requirements for 14 micronutrients), and BMI.Results. Adults who were 61 years or older consumed a greater total variety of foods, chose foods from a wider range of food groups, had a greater variety of micronutrient-dense foods and energy-weak foods, and had a lower variety of micronutrient-weak foods compared with adults ages 21 to 60 years (p <.05 to.001). However, older adults with low BMIs (<22 kg/m2) consumed a lower variety of energy-dense foods compared with older adults with higher BMIs (p <.05). The variety of energy-dense foods predicted both energy intake and BMI at all ages in multiple regression models controlling for confounding variables (R2 =.124 for energy, R2 =.574 for BMI, p <.001). A higher percentage of older persons had inadequate micronutrient intakes compared with younger persons (p <.05), especially vitamin E, calcium, and magnesium, but consumption of a particularly wide variety of micronutrient-rich foods helped counterbalance these trends (p <.05). Older adults who had a low BMI and consumed a low variety of micronutrient-dense foods were particularly at nutritional risk, with only 65.4% consuming the Recommended Dietary Allowance for protein and none meeting the Estimated Average Requirements for all 14 micronutrients.Conclusions. In contrast to previous suggestions that older persons consume a monotonous diet, this study showed that adults who were 61 years or older consumed a greater total food variety, and a greater variety of micronutrient-dense and energy-weak foods, compared with adults who were 60 years or younger. Although consumption of a low variety of energy-dense foods may contribute to reduced energy intake and body weight at any age, the variety of micronutrient-dense foods consumed needs to increase in old age to prevent micronutrient deficiencies. These findings suggest that all adults need advice on the changing needs for dietary variety with aging to maintain health, and that older persons with low BMI are particularly vulnerable to dietary shortfalls.
Intergenerational Triads in Grandparent-Headed Families
Authors: Goodman Catherine Chase 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Objectives. Grandparents are becoming caregivers of their grandchildren more often as a result of their adult children's drug addiction, mental problems, and financial need. This study examined grandmothers' well-being in relation to bonding within intergenerational triads consisting of grandmother, parent, and grandchild.
Methods. Interviews were conducted with 987 grandmothers recruited through schools and media, including 512 custodial grandmothers raising their grandchildren and 475 coparenting grandmothers helping their adult sons or daughters to raise their grandchildren.
Results. Contrary to expectation, triangulation involving a weak parent–grandmother relationship was not related to significantly lower grandmother well-being. In contrast, the emotionally isolated parent, particularly common in custodial families, was related to lower grandmother well-being, whether or not the parent lived in the household. The configuration in which the parent provided a link for both other generations was frequent in coparenting families, but it was not significantly different in grandmother well-being compared to other linking triads.
Discussion. Intergenerational triad types appear to be broadly relevant emotional configurations that transcend living situations but appear with different frequencies in custodial and coparenting families. Results affirm the utility of examining multirelationship patterns and describe the restructuring of intergenerational relationships characteristic of parental absence.
Life on the Edge: Patterns of Formal and Informal Help to Older Adults in the United States and Sweden
Authors: Davey Adam , Femia Elia E. , Zarit Steven H. , Shea Dennis G. , Sundström Gerdt , Berg Stig , Smyer Michael A. , Savla Jyoti 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Objectives. Our objective in this study was to compare assistance received by individuals in the United States and Sweden with characteristics associated with low, moderate, or high 1-year placement risk in the United States.
Methods . We used longitudinal nationally representative data from 4,579 participants aged 75 years and older in the 1992 and 1993 waves of the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey (MCBS) and cross-sectional data from 1,379 individuals aged 75 years and older in the Swedish Aging at Home (AH) national survey for comparative purposes. We developed a logistic regression equation using U.S. data to identify individuals with 3 levels (low, moderate, or high) of predicted 1-year institutional placement risk. Groups with the same characteristics were identified in the Swedish sample and compared on formal and informal assistance received.
Results . Formal service utilization was higher in Swedish sample, whereas informal service use is lower overall. Individuals with characteristics associated with high placement risk received more formal and less informal assistance in Sweden relative to the United States.
Discussion . Differences suggest formal services supplement informal support in the United States and that formal and informal services are complementary in Sweden.
Processes of Cumulative Adversity: Childhood Disadvantage and Increased Risk of Heart Attack Across the Life Course
Authors: O'Rand Angela M. , Hamil-Luker Jenifer 
Published: June 2011

Objectives. This article examines how processes of cumulative adversity shape heart attack risk trajectories across the life course.
Methods. Our sample includes 9760 Health and Retirement Study respondents born between 1931 and 1941. Using self-reported retrospective measures of respondents' early background, we first identify three latent classes with differential exposure to childhood disadvantage. Intervening covariates associated with educational attainment, employment status, income attainment, marital history, and health behaviors are added to capture sequential processes of adversity. Final latent-class cluster models estimate the cumulative impact of these covariates on three different heart attack risk trajectories between 1992 and 2002: high, increasing, and low.
Results. Early disadvantage and childhood illness have severe enduring effects and increase the risk for heart attack. Adult pathways, however, differentially influence trajectories of heart attack risk and mediate the effects of early disadvantage.
Discussion. Findings suggest that future research should consider how processes of cumulative adversity initiated in childhood influence health outcomes in older ages.
Early Adversity and Later Health: The Intergenerational Transmission of Adversity Through Mental Disorder and Physical Illness
Authors: Wickrama K. A. S. , Conger Rand D. , Abraham W. Todd 
Published: June 2011

Objectives. The authors' objective was to investigate processes that account for the transmission of socioeconomic adversity from one generation to the next through mental disorder and physical illness.
Methods. The present longitudinal study of 485 youth used structural equation models to test an intergenerational model proposing that: (a) stressful childhood experiences in the family of origin contribute to the development of mental disorder and physical illness during adolescence both directly and indirectly through disruption in an adolescent's transition to young adulthood; (b) during the transition to adulthood, mental disorders and physical illnesses increase in part through reciprocal influence; and (c) both the levels of and changes in mental disorder and physical illness are independently associated with adverse life circumstances during early adulthood.
Results. Findings generally supported the hypothesized model. Family of origin adversity contributed to the impaired mental and physical health of adolescents. This influence was largely mediated through adolescents' disrupted transition to young adulthood. Levels of both mental and physical illnesses independently contributed to young adult adversity. Levels of physical health problems influenced changes in mental disorders. Changes in both mental and physical illnesses are also associated with young adult adversity.
Discussion. The study demonstrates key mediating pathways in the intergenerational transmission of social adversity and also highlights the importance of improving both socioeconomic and health resources for adolescents.
Continuity and Change in the Social Stratification of Aging and Health Over the Life Course: Evidence From a Nationally Representative Longitudinal Study From 1986 to 2001/2002 (Americans' Changing Lives Study)
Authors: House James S. , Lantz Paula M. , Herd Pamela 
Published: June 2011

Objectives. This article overviews previously published and ongoing research from the Americans' Changing Lives (ACL) Study, a longitudinal study of a nationally representative sample of 3,617 adults aged 25 years and older when first interviewed in 1986, focusing on socioeconomic disparities in the way health changes with age during middle and later life, especially in terms of compression of morbidity/functional limitations.
Methods. A variety of descriptive and multivariate regression and growth curve analyses are done on the ACL sample, now surveyed over four waves spanning 15.5 years between 1986 and 2001/2002 with continuing mortality ascertainment via the National Death Index, death certificate searches, and informant reports.
Results. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses indicate that socioeconomic disparities in health are small in early adulthood, increase through middle and early old age, and then lessen again in later old age. In other terms, compression of morbidity/functional limitations into the later stages of the life course is realized to a much greater degree among the better educated compared with the less educated. Cross-sectional evidence suggests that this reflects differential exposure to or experience of a wide range of psychosocial, environmental, and biomedical risk factors for health (and perhaps their differential impact at different ages and life stages), as well as variations in biological robustness and frailty and also perhaps in the strength of social welfare supports for health at different life stages. Longitudinal analyses reveal several new insights: (a) The flow of causality is much greater from socioeconomic position to health than vice versa; (b) education plays a greater role relative to income in the onset of functional limitations, whereas income has much stronger effects on their progression or course; and (c) educational disparities in the onset and hence of compression of functional limitations over the life course have increased strikingly in later middle and early old age (ages 55–84 years) since 1986.
Discussion. The results indicate that understanding and alleviating social disparities in health are both theoretically and methodologically quintessential problems of life course analysis and research.
Do Daily Stress Processes Account for Socioeconomic Health Disparities?
Authors: Almeida David M. , Neupert Shevaun D. , Banks Sean R. , Serido Joyce 
Published: June 2011

Objectives. The present study examined the extent to which daily stressor severity and appraisals of the stressors accounted for socioeconomic disparities in health.
Methods. Data from the National Study of Daily Experiences and the Midlife in the United States Survey were combined for the current analyses, resulting in 1,031 respondents who reported on 7,229 days.
Results. Respondents without a high school degree experienced more severe stressors and appraised stressors as posing greater risk to their financial situation and to their self-concept than respondents with a high school or college degree. Differences in severity and stressor appraisal accounted for education differences in psychological distress and physical health symptoms.
Discussion. Findings suggest the importance of considering variation across stressors, particularly implications for self-concept, in understanding sources of differential stressor vulnerability.
Aging, Migration, and Mortality: Current Status of Research on the Hispanic Paradox
Authors: Markides Kyriakos S. , Eschbach Karl 
Published: June 2011

Objective. We reviewed recent evidence on the apparent Hispanic mortality paradox.
Methods. Recent studies using vital statistics, national community surveys linked to the National Death Index, Medicare data linked to application records for social security cards maintained in the Social Security Administration NUDIMENT file, and mortality follow-up by regional studies are reviewed critically.
Results. Data based on vital statistics show the greatest mortality advantage compared with non-Hispanic Whites for all Hispanics combined. The advantage is greatest among older people. National Community Surveys linked to the National Death Index show a narrowing of the advantage, and one study suggests that the Mexican Origin mortality advantage can be attributed to selective return migration of less healthy immigrants to Mexico. The Medicare–NUDIMENT data that avoid problems of other data sets also show an advantage in mortality among Hispanic elders, although the advantage is considerably lower than is found using the vital statistics method.
Discussion. Although some research has recently begun to question whether indeed all Hispanic groups enjoy a mortality advantage, the majority of the evidence continues to support a mortality advantage at a minimum among Mexican Americans and especially in old age, at least among men, which may provide partial, albeit indirect, support for a selective return migration or “salmon bias” effect. There is a need to further explore the existence of a selective return migration effect with expanded data bases that include more subjects from the various Hispanic origins. To date, the majority of the evidence continues to support the Hispanic paradox at least among people of Mexican origin and calls for additional attention to this interesting and highly important phenomenon.
First Report of Sida micrantha mosaic virus in Phaseolus vulgaris in Brazil
Authors: Fernandes-Acioli N. A. N. , Pereira-Carvalho R. C. , Fontenele R. S. , Lacorte C. , Ribeiro S. G. , Fonseca M. E. N. , Boiteux L. S. 
Published: June 2011

Snap and common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are severely affected by Bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV) infection, so far the only begomovirus reported on these crops in Brazil (1). Samples of snap and common beans colonized by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci biotype B and displaying golden mosaic, chlorotic spots, and leaf distortion were collected in three production regions in Goiás State (Goianápolis, Luziânia, and Itaberaí) between 2003 and 2007. Total DNA extracted from leaf samples was used as template in PCR assays using universal primers targeting conserved regions of the DNA-A and DNA-B genomes (3). Begomovirus-specific amplicons were observed only with DNA template from symptomatic plants. Two single amplicons were observed for both genomic segments, indicating the presence of bipartite species in all samples. Sequence analysis of four isolates (named as GO-176, GO-260, GO-354, and GO-368) obtained from common bean samples indicated identity levels of approximately 95% with the DNA-A segment of BGMV (GenBank Accession No. FJ665283). However, the complete DNA-A sequence (GenBank Accession No. HM357459.1) of the GO-060 isolate (from a symptomatic snap bean plant collected in Goianápolis) displayed 76% identity with BGMV (GenBank Accession No. FJ665283) and 95% identity with the DNA-A of a Sida micrantha mosaic virus (SimMV) isolate (GenBank Accession No. EU908733.1) reported to be infecting okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) and 94.8% with a SimMV isolate reported to be infecting soybean (GenBank Accession No. FJ686693) in Brazil (2). Koch's postulates were fulfilled for the isolate GO-060 by inoculating a set of soybean and bean accessions via a biolistic approach. The ratio of positive PCR amplicons per total of inoculated plants were 15 of 16 for snap bean cv. Trepador, 9 of 10 for snap bean cv. Fartura, 18 of 24 for common bean cv. Olate Pinto, and 19 of 25 for common bean cv. Carioca. The isolate was also able to infect eight of nine soybean ‘Doko’ plants. Sequence analysis using symptomatic leaf samples (15 days after inoculation) confirmed SimMV as the causal agent. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a SimMV isolate infecting P. vulgaris. This virus is apparently fast expanding its host range from Malvaceae to Solanaceae species and leguminous hosts after the introduction of B. tabaci biotype B (2). More extensive surveys are necessary to access the current epidemiological importance of SimMV in both snap and common beans in Brazil. References: (1) J.C. Faria and D. P. Maxwell. Phytopathology 89:262, 1999. (2) F. R. Fernandes et al. Arch. Virol. 154:1567, 2009. (3) M. R. Rojas et al. Plant Dis. 77:340, 1993.
Safety and Efficacy of High‐dose Acarbose Treatment for Dumping Syndrome
Authors: De Cunto Angela , Barbi Egidio , Minen Federico , Ventura Alessandro 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTDumping syndrome (DS) is a complication of Nissen fundoplication. Dietary strategies can ameliorate symptoms, but this approach is not always foolproof. Limited evidence reports the efficacy of acarbose for children who are unresponsive to feeding manipulations. We report 8 patients with DS aged between 7 and 24 months. In 4 of 8 nutritional strategies failed, and acarbose treatment was started. The initial dose was 25 mg for meals, and increased until postprandial glucose was stable. In 3 of 4 children the final dose was higher than previously reported, without adverse effects. Acarbose is useful to treat DS in cases of failure of dietary strategies.
Helicobacter pylori Eradication Rates in Children Upon Susceptibility Testing Based on Noninvasive Stool Polymerase Chain Reaction Versus Gastric Tissue Culture
Authors: Vécsei Andreas , Innerhofer Albina , Graf Ulrike , Binder Christa , Giczi Heidemarie , Hammer Karin , Bruckdorfer Andrea , Hirschl Alexander M , Makristathis Athanasios 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTBackground and Objectives:In children with clarithromycin‐resistant Helicobacter pylori, clarithromycin‐containing therapies often fail. The present study aimed to assess the outcome of tailored therapy upon noninvasive versus invasive H pylori susceptibility testing.Patients and Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted in a pediatric outpatient clinic located in a region where H pylori clarithromycin resistance is highly prevalent. Between June 2007 and September 2009, 96 infected children (mean age 10.8 years), naïve to H pylori eradication treatment, were prescribed triple eradication therapies. These therapies were individually tailored upon susceptibility testing performed either noninvasively using stool polymerase chain reaction (stool PCR group) or invasively using endoscopy, biopsy, and culturing of gastric biopsies (gastric biopsy group). Eradication was defined by negative results upon noninvasive testing including stool PCR at least 5 weeks after the end of treatment.Results:H pylori was eradicated in 43 of 55 stool PCR group versus 30 of 41 gastric biopsy group children (78.2% vs 73.2%, P = 0.63). Of those H pylori strains with pretherapeutic clarithromycin susceptibility, 78.8% were eradicated in the stool PCR group and 69.2% in the gastric biopsy group (P = 0.41) following clarithromycin‐containing therapy; clarithromycin resistance was acquired by 4.1% of strains in the former group versus 12% in the latter (P = 0.33).Conclusions:Stool PCR is as effective as the invasive approach of H pylori susceptibility testing for targeting resistance‐guided eradication treatments in children. Furthermore, stool PCR is a useful tool for tracking the emergence of clarithromycin resistance following eradication treatment.
Measurement of Mucosal Conductivity by MII Is a Potential Marker of Mucosal Integrity Restored in Infants on Acid‐suppression Therapy
Authors: Loots Clara M , Van Wijk Michiel P , Smits Marije J , Wenzl Tobias G , Benninga Marc A , Omari Taher I 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTEsophageal multichannel intraluminal impedance (MII) allows measurement of the conductivity of adjacent contents. During esophageal rest, raw impedance levels may represent mucosal integrity. We assessed the influence of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) on presumed mucosal integrity by reanalyzing raw MII levels of 21 pH‐MII tracings from infants with gastroesophageal reflux (GER) disease before and after esomeprazole treatment. Median (interquartile range) esophageal MII increased during treatment, 938 (652–1304) versus 1885 (1360–2183) Ohm, P < 0.0001. Patients with lower MII levels demonstrated a larger increase on therapy: Spearman r2 = 0.28, P = 0.014. No correlation with standard GER parameters was observed. In conclusion, PPI therapy increases MII levels in infants with symptomatic GER disease.