bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fibre analysis and fibre digestibility in pet foods – a comparison of total dietary fibre, neutral and acid detergent fibre and crude fibre*
Authors: de‐Oliveira L. D. , Takakura F. S. , Kienzle E. , Brunetto M. A. , Teshima E. , Pereira G. T. , Vasconcellos R. S. , Carciofi A. C. 
Published: August 2011

SummarySix dry dog foods and six dry cat foods with different carbohydrate sources were investigated in digestion trials. Food and faecal samples were analysed for CF, TDF and starch. In dogs, also neutral detergent fibre (aNDFom) and acid detergent fibre (ADFom) were analysed. N‐free extract (NfE) was calculated for CF, and similarly for all other fibre analyses. Linear regressions were calculated between fibre intake and faecal fibre excretion. True digestibility was calculated from the regression coefficients [true digestibility in % = (1 − regression coefficient)*100], with the intercept of the equation representing excretion of material of non‐food origin. Crude fibre analyses gave the lowest values, and TDF the highest, while ADFom and aNDFom were in between. Variation between diets was lowest in CF and highest in TDF. Total dietary fibre, aNDFom and ADFom in food were positively correlated. Crude fibre in food did not correlate with any other method. The NfE analogue for TDF was closest to the starch content. Methods of fibre analyses in faeces did not agree very well with each other. Crude fibre had the lowest apparent digestibility, followed by ADFom, TDF and aNDFom. For all fibre analyses, there was a significant correlation between fibre intake and faecal fibre excretion. True digestibility was close to zero for CF, with a high uniformity in both species. In dogs, true digestibility of aNDFom was 53%, of ADFom 26% and of TDF 37%; in cats, true digestibility of TDF was 31%. Except for CF, the intercept of the regression equations suggest that faecal excretion of some material of non‐food origin is analysed as fibre. A combination of TDF and CF analyses might give good information on the content of total (TDF), unfermentable (CF) and partially fermentable fibre (TDF‐CF) in pet foods.
Singaporean nurses' provision of guidance to parents on non‐pharmacological postoperative pain‐relief methods: An educational intervention study
Authors: He Hong‐Gu , Jahja Riawati , Sinnappan Rajammal , Ang Emily Neo Kim , Lee Tat‐Leang , Chan Moon Fai , Vehviläinen‐Julkunen Katri 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis study examined the impact of an educational intervention (booklet distribution and lectures) on Singaporean nurses' provision of guidance to parents on the use of non‐pharmacological methods of pain relief for their child's postoperative pain. Using a quasi‐experimental one‐group pre‐ and post‐test study design, 134 and 112 registered nurses completed the questionnaires pre‐ and post‐test, respectively. More than 75% of the nurses “always” guided parents to use breathing techniques, relaxation, positioning, comforting/reassurance, helping with activities of daily living, and creating a comfortable environment in the pretest and touch, presence, and distraction in addition to the aforementioned methods in the post‐test. The nurses' provision of guidance to parents on all non‐pharmacological methods increased, but statistically significant increases only were found in relation to massage and positive reinforcement. The results suggested that the educational intervention had some impact on nurses' provision of guidance to parents on the use of non‐pharmacological methods of pain relief for children's postoperative pain. Continuing education in pain management should be provided to nurses in order to equip them with the knowledge to improve their practice.
Standoffish Perhaps, but Successful as Well: Evidence That Avoidant Attachment Can Be Beneficial in Professional Tennis and Computer Science
Authors: Ein‐Dor Tsachi , Reizer Abira , Shaver Phillip R. , Dotan Eyal 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAttachment‐related avoidance and anxiety have repeatedly been associated with poorer adjustment in various social, emotional, and behavioral domains. We examined 2 domains in which avoidant individuals might be better equipped than their less avoidant peers to succeed and be satisfied—professional singles tennis and computer science. These fields may reward self‐reliance, independence, and the ability to work without proximal social support from loved ones. In Study 1, we followed 58 professional singles tennis players for 16 months and found that scores on attachment‐related avoidance predicted a higher ranking, above and beyond the contributions of training and coping resources. In Study 2, we sampled 100 students and found that those who scored higher on avoidance were happier with their choice of computer science as a career than those who scored lower on avoidance. Results are discussed in relation to the possible adaptive functions of certain personality characteristics often viewed as undesirable.
Embryo futures and stem cell research: the management of informed uncertainty
Authors: Ehrich Kathryn , Williams Clare , Farsides Bobbie , Scott Rosamund 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn the social worlds of assisted conception and stem cell science, uncertainties proliferate and particular framings of the future may be highly strategic. In this article we explore meanings and articulations of the future using data from our study of ethical and social issues implicated by the donation of embryos to human embryonic stem cell research in three linked assisted conception units and stem cell laboratories in the UK. Framings of the future in this field inform the professional management of uncertainty and we explore some of the tensions this involves in practice. The bifurcation of choices for donating embryos into accepting informed uncertainty or not donating at all was identified through the research process of interviews and ethics discussion groups. Professional staff accounts in this study contained moral orientations that valued ideas such as engendering patient trust by offering full information, the sense of collective ownership of the National Heath Service and publicly funded science and ideas for how donors might be able to give restricted consent as a third option.
“PERHAPS YOU ONLY KISSED HER?”: A Contrapuntal Reading of the Penalties for Illicit Sex in the Sunni Hadith Literature
Authors: Lucas Scott C. 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTThe goal of this essay is to illustrate how Ebrahim Moosa's method of “contrapuntal reading” can be applied fruitfully to the Sunni hadith literature. My case study is the set of penalties (hudud) for illicit sex, which include flogging, stoning, and banishment. I propose a fresh reading of these sacred texts that brings to the fore the ethical dimension of Prophet Muhammad's conduct, especially his strong reluctance to apply these measures. I conclude by identifying four ethical problems that the stoning penalty raises and suggest how the hadith literature can be read to argue against the validity of this specific punishment.
THE ETHICS OF PROPHETIC DISOBEDIENCE: Qur'an 8:67 at the Crossroads of Islamic Sciences
Authors: Ahmed Rumee 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTMedieval Muslim scholars were challenged with squaring their conceptions of prophetic infallibility with reports that Muhammad disobeyed revelatory commands from God. The manner in which they rehabilitated the prophetic image in these cases had corresponding repercussions in the fields of jurisprudence, theology, and legal theory. The present article uses the case of Q. 8:67 to demonstrate the intertwined nature of the Islamic sciences and the stakes involved when delimiting the prophetic ability to err and/or disobey God.
FORMATION, GRACE, AND PNEUMATOLOGY: Or, Where's the Spirit in Gregory's Augustine?
Authors: Smith James K. A. 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTEric Gregory's Politics and the Order of Love takes up an audacious project: enlisting Saint Augustine in order to “help imagine a better liberalism.” This article first provides a summary of Gregory's argument, focusing on his emphasis on love as a “motivation” for neighborly care, and hence democratic participation. This involves tracing the theme of motivation in the book, which is tied to his articulation of liberal perfectionism and an emphasis on civic virtue. In conclusion I raise the question of whether his project has ignored a key aspect of Augustine's account of love, namely, the role of the Holy Spirit, thereby demarcating the limits of Gregory's “rational reconstruction” of Augustine.
BUDDHIST ETHICS: A Review Essay
Authors: Heim Maria 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTI argue that three recent studies (Imagining the Life Course, by Nancy Eberhardt;Sensory Biographies, by Robert Desjarlais; andHow to Behave, by Anne Hansen) advance the field of Buddhist Ethics in the direction of the empirical study of morality. I situate their work within a larger context of moral anthropology, that is, the study of human nature in its limits and capacities for moral agency. Each of these books offers a finely grained account of particular and local Buddhist ways of interpreting human life and morality, and each explores complex conceptions of moral agency. I suggest that these three studies share similar interests in moral psychology, the human being across time, the intersubjective dimensions of moral experience, and what life within a karmic framework looks like. I propose that their contributions offer some of the most refreshing and interesting work generated in Buddhist ethics in the last decade.
Effect of implant–abutment connection design on reliability of crowns: regular vs. horizontal mismatched platform
Authors: Freitas Júnior Amilcar C. , Bonfante Estevam A. , Silva Nelson R. F. A. , Marotta Leonard , Coelho Paulo G. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the reliability and failure modes of regular and horizontal mismatched platforms for implant–abutment connection varying the implant diameter.Material and methodsRegular (REG, n = 21, 4.0‐mm‐diameter implant) and horizontal mismatched (HM, n = 21, 4.6‐mm‐diameter implant) platform Ti‐6Al‐4V implants were restored with proprietary identical Ti‐6Al‐4V abutments and metal crowns (cobalt‐chrome, Wirobond® 280, BEGO, Bremen, Germany) cemented. Mechanical testing comprised step‐stress accelerated‐life testing, where crowns were distributed in three loading profiles for fatigue in water, producing timely and clinically relevant fractures. The probability of failure vs. cycles (95% two‐sided confidence intervals) was calculated and plotted using a powerlaw relationship for damage accumulation, Weibull modulus (95% two‐sided confidence intervals) and then the reliability for a mission of 50,000 cycles at 125 N load (95% two‐sided confidence interval) were calculated. Fractography was performed in the scanning electron microscope.ResultsThe β‐value for group REG (β = 1.37) indicated that fatigue was a factor accelerating the failure, whereas load alone dictated the failure for group HM (β = 0.71). The Weibull parameter contour plot showed no significantly different Weibull modulus for REG (10.24) compared to HM (10.20) and characteristic strength of 162.6 and 166.8 N, respectively (P > 0.91). The calculated reliability for a mission of 50,000 cycles at 125 N load was not significantly different (0.71 for REG and 0.73 for HM). Abutment screw failure was the chief failure mode.ConclusionsReliability was not significantly different between groups and failure modes were similar.
Identification of candidate substrates for poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase‐2 (PARP2) in the absence of DNA damage using high‐density protein microarrays
Authors: Troiani Sonia , Lupi Rosita , Perego Rita , Re Depaolini Stefania , Thieffine Sandrine , Bosotti Roberta , Rusconi Luisa 
Published: August 2011

Poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase‐2 (PARP2) belongs to the ADP‐ribosyltransferase family of enzymes that catalyze the addition of ADP‐ribose units to acceptor proteins, thus affecting many diverse cellular processes. In particular, PARP2 shares with PARP1 and, as recently highlighted, PARP3 the sole property of being catalytically activated by DNA‐strand breaks, implying key downstream functions in the cellular response to DNA damage for both enzymes. However, evidence from several studies suggests unique functions for PARP2 in additional processes, possibly mediated through its basal, DNA‐damage unstimulated ADP‐ribosylating activity. Here, we describe the development and application of a protein microarray‐based approach tailored to identify proteins that are ADP‐ribosylated by PARP2 in the absence of DNA damage mimetics and might thus represent useful entry points to the exploration of novel PARP2 functions. Several candidate substrates for PARP2 were identified and global hit enrichment analysis showed a clear enrichment in translation initiation and RNA helicase molecular functions. In addition, the top scoring candidates FK506‐binding protein 3 and SH3 and cysteine‐rich domain‐containing protein 1 were selected and confirmed in a complementary assay format as substrates for unstimulated PARP2.Structured digital abstract
A list of the large number of protein‐protein interactions described in this article is available via the MINT article ID MINT‐8201796
Articles: Increasing Participation in Prevention Research: Strategies for Youths, Parents, and Schools
Authors: Hooven Carole , Walsh Elaine , Willgerodt Mayumi , Salazar Amy 
Published: August 2011

TOPIC:  Subject participation is a critical concern for clinicians and researchers involved in prevention programs, especially for intensive interventions that require randomized assignment and lengthy youth and parent involvement.PURPOSE:  This article describes details of an integrated approach used to recruit and retain at‐risk high school youths, their parents, and high schools to two different comprehensive, “indicated” prevention programs.SOURCES USED:  Parent and youth recruitment and retention data for the two studies is provided in support of the approach described. A coordinated, multilevel approach, organized around cross‐cutting issues, is described in detail as a response to the challenges of including vulnerable populations in intervention research.CONCLUSION:  Methods are relevant to nurse clinicians who deliver prevention programs, and are important to clinical research that relies upon adequate participation in research programs.
Dexamethasone reduces pain, vomiting and overall complications following tonsillectomy in adults: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Diakos E.A. , Gallos I.D. , El‐Shunnar S. , Clarke M. , Kazi R. , Mehanna H. 
Published: August 2011

Clin. Otolaryngol. 2011, 36, 531–542Background:  Tonsillectomy is one of the most common surgical procedures, but there is debate whether systemic steroids should be used to reduce pain and post‐operative complications.Objective of review:  To determine whether peri‐operative steroids reduce post‐tonsillectomy pain and complications in adults.Type of review:  Systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials.Search strategy:  We searched MEDLINE (1950–2010), EMBASE (1980–2010), CINAHL (1981–2010), Web of Science, ProQuest, metaRegister, Conference Proceedings Citation Index, the Cochrane Library and reference lists of relevant studies.Evaluation method:  Two reviewers independently selected trials and extracted data on their quality, characteristics and results. Trials included adults (age >16 years) undergoing elective tonsillectomy where peri‐operative steroids were used, and the results were compared with control or placebo.Results:  There were seven randomised controlled trials (580 patients) reporting post‐operative pain. Meta‐analysis demonstrates that dexamethasone in adults reduces the pain level experienced in the first post‐tonsillectomy day [standard mean difference (SMD): −0.63, 95% CI: −1.13 to −0.12] with significant heterogeneity (I2 = 84%, P < 0.00001). Sub‐group analysis to explore heterogeneity demonstrated this reduction in pain was mostly with high total dose steroids (total >10 mg over first 24 h post‐operatively; SMD: −1.48, 95% CI: −2.17 to −0.79, P < 0.00001), especially when given both intra‐operatively and post‐operatively. There was no significant effect with low doses (SMD: −0.12, 95% CI: −0.36 to 0.13, P = 0.35). There were three trials (231 patients) that reported post‐operative nausea and vomiting, three other trials (270 patients) reporting on bleeding and three trials (401 patients) reporting other complications (infections and odynophagia). There was a significant reduction in post‐operative nausea and vomiting (RR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.36 to 0.80, P = 0.002, I2 = 26%) and bleeding (RR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.25 to 0.80, P = 0.007, I2 = 0%), but the reduction in the other complications did not reach statistical significance (RR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.48 to 1.01, P = 0.06, I2 = 0%). Pooling of these complications (post‐operative nausea and vomiting, bleeding, infections and odynophagia) shows that in six trials (501 patients), the use of dexamethasone significantly reduced post‐operative complications following tonsillectomy in adults (RR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.49 to 0.71, P < 0.00001, I2 = 0%), when compared with placebo or control.Conclusions:  Dexamethasone reduces pain, post‐operative nausea and vomiting, bleeding and overall post‐operative complications in adults undergoing tonsillectomy. However, the effect of the dose of dexamethasone on post‐operative pain and whether dexamethasone reduces bleeding require further research.
Clopidogrel “Resistance”: Where are We Now?
Authors: Qureshi Zeshan , Hobson Alex R. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYAntiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel in PCI patients, though effective, is still associated with thrombotic complications. These are multifactorial in origin, but partially attributable to “clopidogrel resistance.” However, how best to identify and manage “clopidogrel resistance” remains unclear. Targeting therapeutic changes specifically at those individuals with poor response to clopidogrel is likely to be a solution. A “one size fits all” approach to clopidogrel dosing is probably flawed. This review will explore (1) the definition and mechanisms of clopidogrel resistance, (2) assessment of clopidogrel resistance by (i) platelet function testing and (ii) genetic testing, (3) the management of “clopidogrel resistance,” and (4) newer antiplatelet agents, and evolving stent technology. A pubmed literature review was performed using the keywords “clopidogrel”, “resistance”, “poor response”, “adverse events”, “platelet function tests”, and “genetic tests”. In looking at new agents, keywords “prasugrel”, “cangrelor”, “ticagrelor”“Elinogrel”, and “P2Y12 receptor antagonists” were used. Third, a search was performed looking at “stent design”, “IVUS”, “bioabsorbable stents”, and “stent apposition”. Whilst new P2Y12 receptor antagonists and improved stent technology may reduce thrombotic events in the future, there is still a need for clopidogrel. There is good evidence that poor response to clopidogrel is associated with adverse outcome. Platelet function tests probably provide more clinically useful data than genetic tests, but the question of how best to identify and manage variability in response to clopidogrel demands further research.
Effects of the Recombinant Form of the Natural Human B‐type Natriuretic Peptide and Levosimendan on Pulmonary Hyperventilation and Chemosensivity in Heart Failure
Authors: Bocchi Edimar Alcides , Moura Lídia Zytynski , Issa Victor Sarli , Cruz Fátima , Carvalho Vitor Oliveira , Guimarães Guilherme Veiga 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYBackground: The origin of dyspnea in chronic heart failure (HF) is multifactorial, and excessive ventilation is thought to play a role in inducing this symptom. Chemosensivity is augmented in HF, correlates with increased pulmonary ventilation (VE), and is an adverse prognostic marker. Despite increased blood levels of natriuretic peptides in clinical conditions associated with dyspnea, their effect on pulmonary VE and chemoreceptor activity remains unexplored. Methods: We tested in a prospective, placebo‐controlled, three‐way cross‐over, double‐blind randomized study the effects of the recombinant form of the natural human B‐type natriuretic peptide (R‐BNP) in comparison with placebo and levosimendan on chemoreflex sensitivity at rest, as well as their effects on pulmonary VE, systemic blood pressure, heart rate and sympathetic serum activity both at rest and during exercise. Results: Eleven stable chronic HF patients were randomized to sessions of 6‐min treadmill‐walking tests during placebo, or levosimendan or R‐BNP intravenous infusion in the following conditions: room air, hypoxia, and hypercapnia. R‐BNP administration determined higher pulmonary ventilatory response at rest and during exercise (P < 0.001) consequent to a boost of respiratory rate (P < 0.001) under room air and hypoxia conditions. Norepinephrine blood levels increased from rest to exercise in all conditions without differences among placebo, levosimendan, and R‐BNP effects. BNP blood levels remained unchanged. Conclusions: The novelty of the present findings is that R‐BNP infusion in HF patients can boost pulmonary ventilatory response at rest and during exercise.
Refractoriness in Bipolar Disorder: Definitions and Evidence‐Based Treatment
Authors: Fountoulakis Konstantinos N. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYDefining refractoriness in bipolar disorder is complex and should concern and include either every phase and pole or the disorder as a whole. The data on the treatment of refractory bipolar patients are sparse. Combination and add‐on studies suggest that in acutely manic patients partial responders to lithium, valproate, or carbamazepine, a good strategy would be to add haloperidol, risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, or aripiprazole. Adding oxcarbazepine to lithium is also a choice. There are no reliable data concerning the treatment of refractory bipolar depressives and also there is no compelling data for the maintenance treatment of refractory patients. It seems that patients stabilized on combination treatment might do worse if shifted from combination. Conclusively there are only limited and sometimes confusing data on the treatment of refractory bipolar patients. Further focused research is necessary on this group of patients.