bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the aneugenic properties of nocodazole, paclitaxel and griseofulvin in vitro. Centrosome defects and alterations in protein expression profiles
Authors: Zacharaki Polyxeni , Stephanou Georgia , Demopoulos Nikos A. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTWe have comparatively investigated the aneugenic activity of two anticancer drugs, nocodazole (NOC) and paclitaxel (PTX), and the antifungal griseofulvin with promising role in cancer treatment (GF), which affect microtubule dynamics in different ways. The comparison was achieved in HFFF2 human fibroblasts, MCF‐7 human breast cancer cells and C2C12 mouse myoblasts, and focused on three issues: (i) induction of chromosome delay by estimation of MN frequency using CREST analysis; (ii) disturbance of spindle organization with Aurora‐A/β‐tubulin immunofluorescence; and (iii) alterations in the expression of Aurora‐A, β‐ and γ‐tubulin by western blotting. They induced chromosome delay, provoked metaphase arrest and promoted microtubule disorganization, reflecting their common characteristic of generating aneuploidy. In particular, NOC induced mainly monopolar metaphases, although PTX induced only multipolar metaphases. GF generated different types of abnormal metaphases, exhibiting cell specificity. Additionally, NOC decreased the expression of Aurora‐A and β‐tubulin, while the opposite held true for PTX and GF. γ‐Tubulin expression was not modulated owing to NOC treatment, whereas PTX and GF increased γ‐tubulin expression. Our findings throw a light on the manifestation of the aneugenicity of the studied compounds through centrosome proliferation/separation and protein expression, reflecting their different effects on microtubule dynamics. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bones' adaptive response to mechanical loading is essentially linear between the low strains associated with disuse and the high strains associated with the lamellar/woven bone transition
Authors: Sugiyama Toshihiro , Meakin Lee B , Browne William J , Galea Gabriel L , Price Joanna S , Lanyon Lance E 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
There is a widely held view that the relationship between mechanical loading history and adult bone mass/strength includes an adapted state or “lazy zone” where the bone mass/strength remains constant over a wide range of strain magnitudes. Evidence to support this theory is circumstantial. We investigated the possibility that the “lazy zone” is an artifact and that, across the range of normal strain experience, features of bone architecture associated with strength are linearly related in size to their strain experience. Skeletally mature female C57BL/6 mice were right sciatic neurectomized to minimize natural loading in their right tibiae. From the fifth day, these tibiae were subjected to a single period of external axial loading (40, 10-second rest interrupted cycles) on alternate days for 2 weeks, with a peak dynamic load magnitude ranging from 0 to 14 N (peak strain magnitude: 0–5000 µε) and a constant loading rate of 500 N/s (maximum strain rate: 75,000 µε/s). The left tibiae were used as internal controls. Multilevel regression analyses suggest no evidence of any discontinuity in the progression of the relationships between peak dynamic load and three-dimensional measures of bone mass/strength in both cortical and cancellous regions. These are essentially linear between the low-peak locomotor strains associated with disuse (∼300 µε) and the high-peak strains derived from artificial loading and associated with the lamellar/woven bone transition (∼5000 µε). The strain:response relationship and minimum effective strain are site-specific, probably related to differences in the mismatch in strain distribution between normal and artificial loading at the locations investigated. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Removal of aqueous toxic Hg(II) by functionalized mesoporous silica materials
Authors: Zhang Lijun , Goh Sheena , Hu Xun , Crawford Russell , Yu Aimin 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Hg(II) is one of the most toxic metals and has received particular attention in environmental pollution. Hg(II) pollution is common in water sources, so rapid and efficient methods must be developed for its removal from water samples. Mesoporous silica (MS) is an ideal adsorbent due to its high surface area and biocompatibility. The efficiency and selectivity of MS adsorbents can be improved by surface modification.RESULTS: A new sorbent for trace Hg(II) removal was developed by grafting 1‐(3‐carboxyphenyl)‐2‐thiourea (CPTU) onto SBA‐15 mesoporous silica. The optimum pH range for Hg(II) adsorption was 3‐7 and the maximum static adsorption capacity was 64.5 mg g−1. An enrichment factor of 150 was obtained with a relative standard deviation < 1.5% (n = 8). Common coexisting ions did not interfere with the adsorption of Hg(II) under optimal conditions. Quantitative recovery was achieved by stripping with a mixed solution of 1 mol L−1 HCl and 5% CS(NH2)2. Efficient adsorption capacity of the recycled material could still be maintained at a level of 95% at the 7th cycle.CONCLUSION: 1‐(3‐carboxyphenyl)‐2‐thiourea functionalized SBA‐15 mesoporous silica was synthesized and applied for Hg(II) removal from water samples with high efficiency and selectivity. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Every DFS Tree of a 3‐Connected Graph Contains a Contractible Edge
Authors: Elmasry Amr , Mehlhorn Kurt , Schmidt Jens M. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractTutte proved that every 3‐connected graph G on more than 4 vertices contains a contractible edge. We strengthen this result by showing that every depth‐first‐search tree of G contains a contractible edge. Moreover, we show that every spanning tree of G contains a contractible edge if G is 3‐regular or if G does not contain two disjoint pairs of adjacent degree‐3 vertices.
Effects of pyridoxine on a high‐fat diet‐induced reduction of cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation depend on cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein in the mouse dentate gyrus
Authors: Yoo Dae Young , Kim Woosuk , Yoo Ki‐Yeon , Nam Sung Min , Chung Jin Young , Yoon Yeo Sung , Won Moo‐Ho , Hwang In Koo 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn this study, we challenged pyridoxine to mice fed a high‐fat diet (HFD) and investigated the effects of pyridoxine on HFD‐induced phenotypes such as blood glucose, reduction of cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the dentate gyrus using Ki67 and doublecortin (DCX), respectively. Mice were fed a commercially available low‐fat diet (LFD) as control diet or HFD (60% fat) for 8 weeks. After 5 weeks of LFD or HFD treatment, 350 mg/kg pyridoxine was administered for 3 weeks. The administration of pyridoxine significantly decreased body weight in the HFD‐treated group. In addition, there were no significant differences in hepatic histology and pancreatic insulin‐immunoreactive (‐ir) and glucagon‐ir cells of the HFD‐treated group after pyridoxine treatment. In the HFD‐fed group, Ki67‐positive nuclei and DCX‐ir neuroblasts were significantly decreased in the dentate gyrus compared with those in the LFD‐fed mice. However, the administration of pyridoxine significantly increased Ki67‐positive nuclei and DCX‐ir neuroblasts in the dentate gyrus in both LFD‐ and HFD‐fed mice. In addition, the administration of pyridoxine significantly increased the protein levels of glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the immunoreactivity of phosphorylated cyclic AMP response element binding protein (pCREB) compared with the vehicle‐treated LFD‐ and HFD‐fed mice. In contrast, the administration of pyridoxine significantly decreased HFD‐induced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the hippocampus. These results showed that pyridoxine supplement reduced the HFD‐induced reduction of cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the dentate gyrus via controlling the levels of GAD67, pCREB, BDNF, and MDA. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gender‐specific regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase in thymocyte differentiation antigen‐1 knockout mice
Authors: Carkaci‐Salli N. , Battula S. , Wang X. , Connor J.R. , Vrana K.E. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThymocyte differentiation antigen‐1 (Thy‐1) is a cell surface glycoprotein found on T cells and neurons and is involved in cell‐to‐cell interactions. In addition, Thy‐1 knockouts (KO) are a potential mouse model of restless legs syndrome (RLS) based on clinical observations and the role of dopamine in the disease. In this study, we analyzed the activity and quantity of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH; the rate‐limiting enzyme in dopamine production) and determined phosphorylation levels for the enzyme phosphoserine‐40 (pSer‐40). There was no significant difference in the total TH activity and pSer‐40 TH levels between Thy‐1 KO and control groups; however, TH specific activity was significantly lower (by 26%) in Thy‐1 KO mice. This difference is due in part to increased TH protein levels in this group (increased by 29%). When analyzed by gender, Thy‐1 KO female mouse striata contained less TH specific activity compared with control females (decreased by 41%) and male control or Thy‐1 KO animals (decreased by 30%). TH specific activity and pSer‐40 TH levels in male Thy‐1 KO and control displayed no differences. However, pSer‐40 TH was significantly higher in control females (38%) compared with control or Thy‐1 KO males. The Thy‐1 KO females exhibited significantly lower (28%) pSer‐40 TH (normalized to GAPDH or TH) than control females. Indeed, the Thy‐1 KO females had 50% of the pSer‐40 TH found in controls. Our results suggest a gender effect on TH specific activity, TH protein levels, and serine‐40 phosphorylation of TH in Thy‐1 KO female mice. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Altitudinal temperature lapse rates in an Alpine valley: trends and the influence of season and weather patterns
Authors: Kirchner Manfred , Faus‐Kessler Theresa , Jakobi Gert , Leuchner Michael , Ries Ludwig , Scheel Hans‐Eckhart , Suppan Peter 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe vertical temperature structure in the area of Garmisch‐Partenkirchen between the Loisach river valley and the highest mountain in Germany (Zugspitze, 2962 m a.s.l.) is analysed. Using long time series (1936–2008) of daily mean, minimum and maximum temperatures from two meteorological stations, in the valley floor and on the mountain top, we studied seasonal variations in temperature lapse rates. By using daily data on weather types, significantly different altitudinal temperature lapse rates and daily temperature ranges for low and high pressure weather situations were found. There was no significant influence of snow cover in the valley on the lapse rate. At both stations, there has been an increase in temperature during recent decades. As there was a slight difference between these trends, the lapse rate has tended to become more negative, i.e. the difference between the mountain top and the valley has become more pronounced. In order to investigate the lapse rates in more detail, unpublished temperature data from 1989 to 1990 on slope transects near Garmisch‐Partenkirchen were evaluated. Despite the fact that an exact description of the vertical structure of the atmospheric temperature is possible only from free air measurements, there are some indications that major inversions occur in the first 500 m above the valley ground, depending on season, weather situation and time of day. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Variability of minimum temperature across Libya (1945–2009)
Authors: Ageena I. , Macdonald N. , Morse A. P. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractDaily and monthly minimum temperature data from 15 meteorological stations were analysed during the period 1945–2009. The spatial and temporal variability in the daily and monthly temperatures were examined, with daily minimum temperature for eight coastal stations during the period 1956–2009 (only monthly data is available for the coastal station at Nalute) and the monthly minimum temperature for the period 1945–2009 from six inland stations. Five distinct 10 year interval blocks (with the exception of the last 9 years for the eight coastal stations and 7 years for inland stations) are analysed to examine temperature patterns across Libya. The annual minimum temperature over the last 27 years (1983–2009) for the majority of coastal stations identified significant warming in the minimum temperature. The mean annual minimum temperature at all study stations (1945–2009) identified significant increases in the minimum temperature, with significant changes in annual minimum temperature over the last 32 years (1978–2009) for the majority of the coastal and inland stations across Libya. Significant changes in minimum seasonal temperature for 33/32 year intervals (1945–1977 and 1978–2009) are identified in the summer (56%) and autumn (67%) at coastal stations (67%) and inland stations (50%). Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Why dry? Investigating the future evolution of the Caribbean Low Level Jet to explain projected Caribbean drying
Authors: Taylor Michael A. , Whyte Felicia S. , Stephenson Tannecia S. , Campbell Jayaka D. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractUnder global warming the Caribbean is projected to be significantly drier by century's end during its primary rainy season from May to November. The PRECIS regional model is used to simulate the end‐of‐century (2071–2100) manifestation of the Caribbean Low Level Jet (CLLJ) under two Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) global warming scenarios. The CLLJ is a feature of the Intra‐American seas which during its July peak is dynamically linked to a brief mid‐summer drying and interruption of the Caribbean rainy season. The regional model captures the CLLJ's present‐day spatial and temporal characteristics reasonably well, simulating both the boreal winter (February) and summer (July) peaks. Under global warming there is an intensification of the CLLJ's core strength from May through November. The intensification is such that by October the CLLJ is of comparable core strength to its present‐day peak in July. The persistence of the strong CLLJ beyond July and through November is linked to the perpetuation of a dry pattern in the Caribbean in the future. In contrast, the boreal winter manifestation of the CLLJ is largely unaltered in the future. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Spatial variability of annual precipitation using globally gridded data sets from 1951 to 2000
Authors: Sokol Jurković Renata , Pasarić Zoran 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis study assesses the variability of the amounts of annual precipitation in global land areas (excluding Greenland and Antarctica) from 1951 to 2000. The analysis is based on 0.5° longitude/latitude gridded data. Three different data sets were analysed (University of East Anglia Climate Research Unit's (UEA CRU) TS 2.1 data set, the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre's (GPCC) Full Data Reanalysis version 5 data set, Variability Analysis of Surface Climate Observations (VASClimO) version 1.1 data set), and all led to very similar results. The results included here correspond to the VasClimO project data. Precipitation variability is examined through the anomaly of the coefficient of variation, which is shown to be a robust concept. It is defined as the departure of the actual coefficient of variation from the value that could be expected ‘on average’, conditioned on the total annual amount of precipitation. A brief discussion of the so‐called Jackknife error is included. The analysis revealed diverse areas of larger‐than‐normal, smaller‐than‐normal and close‐to‐normal variability. Negative anomalies occur more often but have, on an average, lower values than do positive anomalies. Large areas of slightly negative anomalies were found inland for all continents except Australia. A zonal pattern in the distribution of the anomalies was clearly seen at subtropical latitudes, which generally showed positive anomalies. This general picture is modified by various local factors, such as cold ocean currents, monsoon activity and cyclone formation areas. Global modes of climate variability, such as the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO), affect the variability of precipitation either directly or by modifying other relevant atmospheric and oceanic processes. Their influence is seen in many areas with higher‐than‐normal variability and is especially true if the high variability is accompanied by large amounts of mean annual precipitation. The authors believe that the present methodology may be useful in assessing the quality of future global data sets. It is, however, very desirable that such data sets include interpolation error estimates. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Estimating the impacts of warming trends on wheat and maize in China from 1980 to 2008 based on county level data
Authors: Zhang Tianyi , Huang Yao 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis study estimated the past warming impacts on wheat and maize from 1980 to 2008 based on data from 2339 counties in China, providing a finer portrait of climatic effects than earlier assessments that often focused on a provincial scale. We detected an overall negative effect of the average temperature (Tavg) and diurnal temperature range (DTR) on wheat and maize yields on a national level, but our results also indicate notable beneficial effects of the Tavg in the northcentral region for wheat and the eastern parts of northeast for maize that, in most previous studies, were overlooked due to the coarseness of provincial data. Because wheat cultivation is highly intense in the north, the positive Tavg effect in the region has offset losses from warming in other areas, improving national production by up to 1.6% relative to the average level over the study period. For maize, unfortunately, approximately 5.8% production was lost due to increases in the Tavg as the dominant adverse effect. Given the reduced DTR in the major producing regions, the past trends of the DTR have boosted wheat production by up to 2.1% and maize by up to 1.4%. As a result, the combined effects of the Tavg and DTR have increased wheat production by up to 3.7%, but decreased maize production by 4.4%, equivalent to approximately 10% of the actual change in Chinese wheat and maize production from 1980 to 2008. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Teleconnections between tropical‐extratropical oceans and the daily intensity of extreme rainfall over Argentina
Authors: Robledo Federico Ariel , Penalba Olga C. , Bettolli María Laura 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA Singular value decomposition (SVD) analysis was performed jointly on the daily intensity of extreme rainfall (DIER) over Argentina and the sea surface temperature (SST) of all the oceans from 17.5°N to 90°S in order to identify the large‐scale variability of the SSTs related to extreme rainfall, in the period 1962–2005. The main objective of the article is to objectively recognize regions of the tropical and subtropical oceans that could be related with the extreme rainfall over Argentina. Spring is the season that is best represented by the first mode, accounting for up to 45% of the covariance between the DIER and SST. The first SVD mode of spring, summer and autumn presents a pattern of SST relating to the El Niño‐Southern Oscillations (ENSO) phenomena with an enhanced DIER in different zones of centre and east of Argentina. In the second SVD mode of spring and summer, the SST patterns show cold conditions in the tropical and subtropical Atlantic and near Indonesia with an enhancement of the DIER in the centre and east of Argentina. These modes show a significant decadal variability. In the third SVD mode of spring and summer, the SST patterns present warm and cold conditions in the Indian Ocean and the centre and western Pacific Ocean (PO) with decreased rainfall in the northern and eastern portion of Argentina, respectively. This mode shows a significant period of temporal variability of around 14 years. The third mode of autumn presents warm conditions in the tropical Atlantic and the southwest PO with a low DIER in the centre and east of Argentina. This mode also presents temporal variability of around 14 years. The correlation between each mode derived from analysis of SVD and climate indices related with SST were computed. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Influence of saponins and tannins on intake and nutrient digestion of alkaloid‐containing foods
Authors: Owens Jacob , Provenza Frederick D , Wiedmeier Randall D , Villalba Juan J 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: We hypothesized that eating a food containing saponins (SAP), or tannins (TAN) prior to foods containing the alkaloids gramine (GRA) or 5‐methoxy‐N,N‐dimethyltryptamine (TRP) would provide benefits not possible when the alkaloid‐containing foods were eaten alone.METHODS: In Trial 1, four groups of five lambs were first offered food with SAP for 30 min followed by food with either GRA or TRP for 3.5 h in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of a completely randomized design that included alkaloid (GRA or TRP) with or without SAP. In Trial 2 TAN replaced SAP. All foods were isocaloric (3.3 Mcal kg−1) and isonitrogenous (14% crude protein). Foods, fecal and urine samples were collected and analyzed for dry matter intake and apparent digestibility of dry matter, energy (in megajoules, MJ), nitrogen (N), and neutral detergent fiber.RESULTS: Supplemental SAP did not affect digestibility of the parameters tested (P > 0.10). Supplemental TAN increased digestibility of N (g kg−1, P = 0.04), N retained (g day−1, P = 0.07), N digested (g day−1, P = 0.06), and N retained/N consumed (g kg−1, P = 0.07). However, digestibilities of dry matter (g kg−1, P = 0.0026), energy (MJ 1000 MJ−1, P = 0.003), neutral detergent fiber (g kg−1, P = 0.008), and digested N retained (g kg−1, P = 0.07) were lower for lambs fed TAN than for unsupplemented animals.CONCLUSIONS: Tannin supplementation can improve retention of nitrogen in animals fed alkaloid‐containing grasses such as reed canarygrass and tall fescue. Combinations of forages with complementary primary and secondary compounds enable animals to maintain intake and improve nutrient utilization. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Continuous‐wave optical parametric oscillator based infrared spectroscopy for sensitive molecular gas sensing
Authors: Arslanov Denis D. , Spunei Marius , Mandon Julien , Cristescu Simona M. , Persijn Stefan T. , Harren Frans J. M. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractOver the past 10 years, with the advent of new crystals designs and a new generation of pump lasers, continuous‐wave (cw) optical parametric oscillators (OPOs) have developed into mature monochromatic light sources. Nowadays, cw OPOs can fulfill a wide variety of criteria for sensitive molecular gas sensing. It can access the mid‐infrared wavelength region, where many molecules have their fundamental rotational‐vibrational transitions, with high power. This high power combined with wide wavelength tuning and narrow linewidth creates excellent conditions for sensitive, high‐resolution spectroscopy. OPOs combined with robust methods, such as photoacoustic spectroscopy and cavity‐enhanced spectroscopy, are well suited for field measurements and remote‐sensing applications. The wide tunability of cw OPOs allows detection of larger molecules with broad absorption band structures, and its fast scanning capabilities allow rapid detection of trace gases, the latter is a demand for life‐science applications. After a short introduction about the physical principle of cw OPOs, with its most recent physical developments, this review focuses on sensitive molecular gas sensing with a variety of spectroscopic applications in atmospheric and life sciences.