bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overexpression of PtrABF gene, a bZIP transcription factor isolated from Poncirus trifoliata, enhances dehydration and drought tolerance in tobacco via scavenging ROS and modulating expression of stress-responsive genes
Authors: Huang Xiao-San , Liu Ji-Hong , Chen Xue-Jun 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackgroundDrought is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting plant growth, development and crop productivity. ABA responsive element binding factor (ABF) plays an important role in stress responses via regulating the expression of stress-responsive genes.ResultsIn this study, a gene coding for ABF (PtrABF) was isolated fromPoncirus trifoliata(L.) Raf.PtrABFhad a complete open reading frame of 1347 bp, encoding a 448 amino acid peptide, and shared high sequence identities with ABFs from other plants. PtrABF was subcellularly targeted to the nucleus, exhibited transactivation activity in yeast cell and could bind to ABRE, supporting its role as a transcription factor. Expression levels ofPtrABFwere induced by treatments with dehydration, low temperature and ABA. Ectopic expression ofPtrABFunder the control of a CaMV 35S promoter in transgenic tobacco plants enhanced tolerance to both dehydration and drought. Under dehydration and drought conditions, the transgenic plants accumulated lower levels of reactive oxygen species compared with wild type, accompanied by higher activities and expression levels of three antioxidant enzymes. In addition, steady-state mRNA levels of nine stress-responsive genes coding for either functional or regulatory proteins were induced to higher levels in the transgenic lines with or without drought stress.ConclusionsPtrABFis a bZIP transcription factor and functions in positive modulation of drought stress tolerance. It may be an important candidate gene for molecular breeding of drought- tolerant plants.
PSAPP mice exhibit regionally selective reductions in gliosis and plaque deposition in response to S100B ablation
Authors: Roltsch Emily , Holcomb Leigh , Young Keith A , Marks Alexander , Zimmer Danna B 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackgroundNumerous studies have reported that increased expression of S100B, an intracellular Ca2+receptor protein and secreted neuropeptide, exacerbates Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. However, the ability of S100B inhibitors to prevent/reverse AD histopathology remains controversial. This study examines the effect of S100B ablation onin vivoplaque load, gliosis and dystrophic neurons.MethodsBecause S100B-specific inhibitors are not available, genetic ablation was used to inhibit S100B function in the PSAPP AD mouse model. The PSAPP/S100B-/-line was generated by crossing PSAPP double transgenic males with S100B-/-females and maintained as PSAPP/S100B+/-crosses. Congo red staining was used to quantify plaque load, plaque number and plaque size in 6 month old PSAPP and PSAPP/S100B-/-littermates. The microglial marker Iba1 and astrocytic marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were used to quantify gliosis. Dystrophic neurons were detected with the phospho-tau antibody AT8. S100B immunohistochemistry was used to assess the spatial distribution of S100B in the PSAPP line.ResultsPSAPP/S100B-/-mice exhibited a regionally selective decrease in cortical but not hippocampal plaque load when compared to PSAPP littermates. This regionally selective reduction in plaque load was accompanied by decreases in plaque number, GFAP-positive astrocytes, Iba1-positive microglia and phospho-tau positive dystrophic neurons. These effects were not attributable to regional variability in the distribution of S100B. Hippocampal and cortical S100B immunoreactivity in PSAPP mice was associated with plaques and co-localized with astrocytes and microglia.ConclusionsCollectively, these data support S100B inhibition as a novel strategy for reducing cortical plaque load, gliosis and neuronal dysfunction in AD and suggest that both extracellular as well as intracellular S100B contribute to AD histopathology.
Carcinogen metabolism, cigarette smoking, and breast cancer risk: a Bayes model averaging approach
Authors: Stephenson Nadine , Beckmann Lars , Chang-Claude Jenny 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackgroundStandard logistic regression with or without stepwise selection has the disadvantage of not incorporating model uncertainty and the dependency of estimates on the underlying model into the final inference. We explore the use of a Bayes Model Averaging approach as an alternative to analyze the influence of genetic variants, environmental effects and their interactions on disease.MethodsLogistic regression with and without stepwise selection and Bayes Model Averaging were applied to a population-based case-control study exploring the association of genetic variants in tobacco smoke-related carcinogen pathways with breast cancer.ResultsBoth regression and Bayes Model Averaging highlighted a significant effect ofNAT1*10 on breast cancer, while regression analysis also suggested a significant effect for packyears and for the interaction of packyears andNAT2.ConclusionsBayes Model Averaging allows incorporation of model uncertainty, helps reduce dimensionality and avoids the problem of multiple comparisons. It can be used to incorporate biological information, such as pathway data, into the analysis. As with all Bayesian analysis methods, careful consideration must be given to prior specification.
Associations between depressive symptoms, sexual behaviour and relationship characteristics: a prospective cohort study of young women and men in the Eastern Cape, South Africa
Authors: Nduna Mzikazi , Jewkes Rachel K , Dunkle Kristin L , Shai Nwabisa P Jama , Colman Ian 
Published: November 2010

BackgroundPsychological factors are often neglected in HIV research, although psychological distress is common in low‐ to middle‐income countries, such as South Africa. There is a need to deepen our understanding of the role of mental health factors in the HIV epidemic. We set out to investigate whether baseline depressive symptomatology was associated with risky sexual behaviour and relationship characteristics of men and women at baseline, as well as those found 12 months later.MethodsWe used prospective cohort data from a cluster randomized controlled trial of an HIV prevention intervention in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Our subjects were 1002 female and 976 male volunteers aged 15 to 26. Logistic regression was used to model the cross‐sectional and prospective associations between baseline depressive symptomatology, risky sexual behaviors and relationship characteristics. The analysis adjusted for the clustering effect, study design, intervention and several confounding variables.ResultsPrevalence of depressive symptoms was 21.1% among women and 13.6% among men. At baseline, women with depressed symptoms were more likely to report lifetime intimate partner violence (AOR = 2.56, 95% CI 1.89‐3.46) and have dated an older partner (AOR = 1.37, 95% CI 1.03‐1.83). A year later, baseline depressive symptomatology was associated with transactional sex (AOR = 2.60, 95% CI 1.37, 4.92) and intimate partner violence (AOR = 1.67, 95% CI 1.18‐2.36) in the previous 12 months. Men with depressive symptoms were more likely to report ever having had transactional sex (AOR = 1.48, 95% CI 1.01‐2.17), intimate partner violence perpetration (AOR = 1.50, 95% CI 0.98‐2.28) and perpetration of rape (AOR = 1.81, 95% CI 1.14‐2.87). They were less likely to report correct condom use at last sex (AOR = 0.50, 95% CI 0.32‐0.78). A year later, baseline depressive symptomatology was associated with failure to use a condom at last sex among men (AOR = 0.60, 95% CI 0.40‐0.89).ConclusionsSymptoms of depression should be considered as potential markers of increased HIV risk and this association may be causal. HIV prevention needs to encompass promotion of adolescent mental health.
European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Recommendations for Planning and Delivery of High-Dose, High-Precision Radiotherapy for Lung Cancer
Authors: De Ruysscher Dirk , Faivre-Finn Corinne , Nestle Ursula , Hurkmans Coen W. , Le Péchoux Cécile , Price Allan , Senan Suresh 
Published: November 2010

Purpose To derive recommendations for routine practice and clinical trials for techniques used in high-dose, high-precision thoracic radiotherapy for lung cancer. Methods A literature search was performed to identify published articles considered both clinically relevant and practical to use. Recommendations were categorized under the following headings: patient selection, patient positioning and immobilization, tumor motion, computed tomography and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose–positron emission technology scanning, generating target volumes, radiotherapy treatment planning, treatment delivery, and scoring of response and toxicity. The American College of Chest Physicians grading of recommendations was used. Results Recommendations were identified for each of the recommendation categories. Although most of the recommended techniques have not been evaluated in multicenter clinical trials, their use in high-precision thoracic radiotherapy and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) appears to be justified on the basis of available evidence. Conclusion Recommendations to facilitate the clinical implementation of high-precision conformal radiotherapy and SBRT for lung tumors were identified from the literature. Some techniques that are considered investigational at present were also highlighted.
Fabrication of Novel Reflective–Emissive Dual-mode Display Cell Based on Electrochemical Reaction
Authors: Watanabe Yuichi , Nakamura Kazuki , Kobayashi Norihisa 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
We successfully demonstrated a novel reflective–emissive dual-mode display (DMD) cell with electrochromic and electrochemiluminescence reactions. This DMD cell has simple structure and allows the selection of reflective or emissive mode by selecting DC or AC driving, respectively.
Rapid Adsorption of Rh(III) by Polyamine-functionalized Cellulose Fiber Combined with Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Yousif Ahmed M , Nishioka Masateru , Wakui Yoshito , Suzuki Toshishige M 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
New fibrous adsorbents were prepared by modification of cellulose fiber by graft polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate followed by introduction of diethylenetriamine and 2-pyridylmethylamine as the metal-binding site. Rapid and high adsorption of Rh(III) was achieved using the fibrous adsorbents, combining with microwave irradiation.
Static Testing of Pile-Base Post-Grouting Piles of the Suramadu Bridge
Authors: Dai Guoliang , Gong Weiming , Zhao Xueliang , Zhou Xiangqin 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Pile-base post-grouting is a method in which solidifiable cement slurry is injected into the base of the pile through grouting pipes after the strength of the concrete reaches a certain value to strengthen the loose sediment at the hole base and the soil around the pile. The roles of grouting are to eliminate the influence of the technological defects of bored piles, to recover the bearing capacities of strata, and to improve the bearing capacities of piles. Pile-base post-grouting piles technology and Osterberg Cell load testing were applied to some test piles of the Suramadu Bridge. Based on test results of the bearing capacity, side frictional resistance, and base resistance of piles before and after grouting, post-grouting was found to have an obvious role in improving the quality, bearing capacity, and load transfer characteristics of the piles. An equation for calculating post-grouting piles under specific grouting conditions was obtained based on the statistical analysis of more than 50 test piles. The ranges of the improvement coefficients of side frictional and pile-base resistance for different soils are given. Key technologies and parameters of post-grouting are also suggested. The results of this research can be applied to designing bridge pile foundations, which may tap the bearing potential of the piles and result in notable economic benefits.
Influence of Laser Shock Processing on Surface Microstructures and Properties of Carbon Steel
Authors: Luo Xinmin , Yang Kun , Yuan Chunzhi , Zhang Jingwen , Ma Hui , Zhang Yongkang 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
In order to understand the correlations between the laser shock processing and materials’ response, an as annealed plain carbon steel 45 (equivalent to AISI 1045) was investigated by means of a Nd:glass laser setup with 1054 nm wavelength and 20 ns short pulse. The microstructure evolution was analyzed with optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, etc. The experimental results indicate that the strengthening effects can be obtained under the used confinement conditions and the ultra-high strain rate of laser shock. After laser shocking, the cementite in pearlite crashes the subject to their orientations, and the pro-eutectoid ferrite produces a great number of dislocation etched pits and lens-like twins. The hardness of pearlite and pro-eutectoid ferrite increases by 70 and 55 Hv, respectively, and the residual compressive stress of the steel reaches 425 MPa on the shocked spot.
Interior Metal Components and the Thermal Performance of Window Frames
Authors: Flock Sarah K. , Hall Garth D. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
In an effort to reduce the likelihood of condensation at metal window frames and glazing, methods to improve the thermal performance are now readily available, such as thermal breaks and warm edge technology. Despite technological improvements, metal window frames may still exhibit interior surface condensation if the installation details or interior environmental conditions create circumstances that compromise or breach thermal breaks. The U-factor, condensation resistance (CR) factor, and CR are often utilized to compare the thermal performance of fenestration products. However, these performance parameters do not necessarily result in adequate CR of windows in service. As a result, remedial measures are commonly required to alter or modify the window details after installation. Computer software programs can be used to evaluate the thermal performance of window components and various installation details under steady-state conditions are available, as well as approaches to correcting condensation/frost formation issues. Computer simulated repair approaches indicated that the application of additional metal components on the interior may effectively raise the interior surface temperatures of the window frame. Our study will evaluate the feasibility of the “metal fin” in practice, the impact of installation techniques, as well as relate the findings of simulations to mockups. In summary, this paper explores the affect of in situ repair efforts to raise the interior surface temperatures of metal window frames and indirectly on the likelihood of surface condensation on the frame.
Simulation of Obstacles in a Longitudinal Road Profile Based on the Weibull Distribution
Authors: Múčka Peter , Kropáč Oldřich 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
This paper solves the question of the generation of a longitudinal road profile with randomly distributed local obstacles. For the simulation of local road obstacles, three dimensions are necessary: The length, the maximum height/depth, and the distance between neighboring obstacles. For the specification of these dimensions, results from processing the Long Term Pavement Performance program were used. Obstacles were identified from the measured roads by median filtering. Probability density functions of obstacle dimensions were fitted using Weibull distribution functions. Distinctions between asphalt concrete and Portland cement concrete surfaces and between bumps and potholes were considered. A proposed profile simulation procedure is described in detail. The applicability of the procedure was demonstrated using a series of simulated road profiles. The procedure allows the specification of all relevant road surface parameters according to the requirements of the user.
Video-Gaming Among High School Students: Health Correlates, Gender Differences, and Problematic Gaming
Authors: Desai Rani A. , Krishnan-Sarin Suchitra , Cavallo Dana , Potenza Marc N. 
Published: November 2010

OBJECTIVE:
Video game playing may negatively impact youth. However, the existing literature on gaming is inconsistent and often has focused on aggression rather than the health correlates of gaming and the prevalence and correlates of problematic gaming.

METHODS:
We anonymously surveyed 4028 adolescents about gaming and reported problems with gaming and other health behaviors. A total of 51.2% of the sample reported gaming (76.3% of boys and 29.2% of girls).

RESULTS:
There were no negative health correlates of gaming in boys and lower odds of smoking regularly; however, girls who reported gaming were less likely to report depression and more likely to report getting into serious fights and carrying a weapon to school. Among gamers, 4.9% reported problematic gaming, defined as reporting trying to cut back, experiencing an irresistible urge to play, and experiencing a growing tension that could only be relieved by playing. Boys were more likely to report these problems (5.8%) than girls (3.0%). Correlates of problematic gaming included regular cigarette smoking, drug use, depression, and serious fights. Results suggest that gaming is largely normative in boys and not associated with many health factors. In girls, however, gaming seems to be associated with more externalizing behaviors and fewer internalizing symptoms.

CONCLUSIONS:
The prevalence of problematic gaming is low but not insignificant, and problematic gaming may be contained within a larger spectrum of externalizing behaviors. More research is needed to define safe levels of gaming, refine the definition of problematic gaming, and evaluate effective prevention and intervention strategies.
Youth Motorcycle-Related Hospitalizations and Traumatic Brain Injuries in the United States in 2006
Authors: Weiss Harold , Agimi Yll , Steiner Claudia 
Published: November 2010

OBJECTIVES:
The objectives were to provide national injury and health care cost estimates for youth motorcycle injuries in traffic and nontraffic settings and to focus on the burden of serious motorcycle-related traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) in children and young adults.

METHODS:
The 2006 Kids' Inpatient Database is a sample of inpatient discharges for US patients &lt;21 years of age from 38 states. This cross-sectional analysis of the 2006 Kids' Inpatient Database included comparisons of TBI versus non-TBI and traffic versus nontraffic motorcycle-related crashes for ages 12 to 20, with national estimates of hospital charges and costs, length of stay, severity, and long-term disability rates.

RESULTS:
Motorcycle-related crashes accounted for 5662 discharges (95% confidence interval: 5201–6122 discharges), which amounts to 3% of injury hospitalizations among youths and 5% of TBI diagnoses; two-thirds of cases were traffic-related, and one-third of patients sustained a TBI (1793 patients [95% confidence interval: 1631–1955 patients]). Among patients with TBIs, the overall probability of long-term disability was 24%. Patients with TBIs were 3.6 times more likely to be discharged to a rehabilitation facility and &gt;10 times more likely to die in the hospital than were patients without TBIs.

CONCLUSIONS:
Motorcycle injuries are a substantial cause of youth injury hospitalizations. The large proportion, costs, and morbidity of TBI diagnoses in youth motorcycle crashes emphasize the need for effective crash prevention and head protection.
Variability in Antibiotic Use at Children's Hospitals
Authors: Gerber Jeffrey S. , Newland Jason G. , Coffin Susan E. , Hall Matt , Thurm Cary , Prasad Priya A. , Feudtner Chris , Zaoutis Theoklis E. 
Published: November 2010

BACKGROUND:Variation in medical practice has identified opportunities for quality improvement in patient care. The degree of variation in the use of antibiotics in children's hospitals is unknown.METHODS:We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 556 692 consecutive pediatric inpatient discharges from 40 freestanding children's hospitals between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2008. We used the Pediatric Health Information System to acquire data on antibiotic use and clinical diagnoses.RESULTS:Overall, 60% of the children received at least 1 antibiotic agent during their hospitalization, including &gt;90% of patients who had surgery, underwent central venous catheter placement, had prolonged ventilation, or remained in the hospital for &gt;14 days. Even after adjustment for both hospital- and patient-level demographic and clinical characteristics, antibiotic use varied substantially across hospitals, including both the proportion of children exposed to antibiotics (38%–72%) and the number of days children received antibiotics (368–601 antibiotic-days per 1000 patient-days). In general, hospitals that used more antibiotics also used a higher proportion of broad-spectrum antibiotics.CONCLUSIONS:Children's hospitals vary substantially in their use of antibiotics to a degree unexplained by patient- or hospital-level factors typically associated with the need for antibiotic therapy, which reveals an opportunity to improve the use of these drugs.
Three-year Clinical Evaluation of Cuspal Coverage with Combined Composite–Amalgam in Endodontically-treated Maxillary Premolars
Authors: Shafiei F. , Memarpour M. , Doozandeh M. 
Published: November 2010

Clinical Relevance
The results of a three-year follow-up of a small sample of patients suggest that combined composite-amalgam restoration for cuspal coverage is useful as a conservative, one-appointment complementary procedure for endodontically-treated maxillary premolars.
Development, application, and validation of a survey for infectious disease control practices at equine boarding facilities
Authors: Kirby Alanna T. , Traub-Dargatz Josie L. , Hill Ashley E. , Kogan Lori R. , Morley Paul S. , Heird James C. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Objective—To develop a questionnaire for self-assessment of biosecurity practices at equine boarding facilities and to evaluate infectious disease control practices in these facilities in Colorado.
Design—Cross-sectional study.
Sample Population—64 equine boarding facilities in Colorado.
Procedures—Survey questions were rated according to importance for prevention and containment of equine infectious diseases. Point values (range, 0 to 20) were assigned for possible responses, with greater values given for optimal infection control methods. Questionnaires were mailed to equine boarding facilities in Colorado advertised on the World Wide Web. Survey responses were compared with assessments made by a member of the research team during visits to 30 randomly selected facilities. Agreement among results was analyzed via a kappa test and rated as poor, fair, moderate, substantial, or nearly perfect.
Results—Survey responses were received for 64 of 163 (39%) equine boarding facilities. Scores ranged from 106 to 402 points (maximum possible score, 418). Most facilities received better scores for movement and housing of equids than for other sections of the survey. Respondents at 24 of 48 (50%) facilities that routinely received new equids reported isolation of new arrivals. Agreement between self-assessment by survey respondents and evaluation by a member of the research team was determined to be fair to substantial.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Most equine boarding facilities have opportunities to improve measures for prevention or containment of contagious diseases (eg, isolation of newly arrived equids and use of written health management protocols). Most self-assessments of infection control practices were accurate.