bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic variation in monoamine oxidase A and analysis of association with behaviour traits in beef cattle
Authors: Lühken G. , Glenske K. , Brandt H. , Erhardt G. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryHusbandry of beef cattle requires animals that do not behave aggressively or timidly. The enzyme monoamine oxidase A and the coding gene (MAOA) play an important role in the complex regulation of behaviour. The complete coding region and a part of the non‐coding sequence of the bovineMAOAgene have been analysed in 20 German Angus and 20 German Simmental bulls and cows with the aim of detecting genetic variability. These two cattle breeds are known to differ regarding their behaviour during handling. Five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified, three of which were found in the coding region of the gene (exons III and XV). One of the SNPs located in exon XV (NC_007331.3:g.80340C>T) was found to be a non‐synonymous mutation. The minor allele frequency of this resulting amino acid substitution was significantly different between 543 German Angus and 417 German Simmental calves (0.39 and 0.49, respectively). The potential functional impact of this polymorphism has been tested byin silicoanalysis, as well as by association analysis using behaviour scores of the genotyped calves for three behaviour tests that assessed the animals’ temperament during tethering, weighing or social separation.In silicoanalysis did not deliver consistent results arguing for or against a functional impact of the studied amino acid substitution on the function of the biological protein. No significant association was found between thisMAOApolymorphism and the behaviour‐related scores analysed in the study.
USEFULNESS OF MAGNIFYING ENDOSCOPY IN UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT: HISTORY AND RECENT STUDIES
Authors: Kato Mototsugu , Shimizu Yuichi , Nakagawa Souichi , Yamamoto Junji , Asaka Masahiro 
Published: September 2010

SummaryAlthough clinical trials using magnifying optical endoscopy have been reported, magnifying endoscopies have been remarkably developed in the period of electronic endoscopy. Magnifying electronic endoscopies with 80 or 100‐fold magnification are used for routine endoscopic examination of upper gastrointestinal tract in Japan. Magnifying endoscopy is used to visualize the microstructure and microvascular architecture of gastrointestinal surface mucosa. Microsurface structure of the mucosa includes normal structure, changed structure by inflammation and biological response, and tumor‐specific structure. Microvascular architecture includes normal vascular system and tumor microvessels. Magnifying endoscopy is starting to play an important role in diagnosis of any upper gastrointestinal diseases by assessment of magnified observation. Magnifying endoscopy holds a great deal of promise in the near future because magnifying endoscopic observation is approaching optical biopsy.
BREAST CANCER IN THE ELDERLY: TREATMENT OF OPERABLE DISEASE
Authors: Hainsworth P. J. , Henderson M. A. , Bennett R. C. 
Published: September 2010

Book reviews in this article:Between 1976 and 1985 122 elderly patients aged 70 years and over, were treated for ‘operable’ invasive breast cancer (UICC stage I‐IIB). A tendency towards less aggressive investigation and treatment was noted in the elderly. Of 117 patients undergoing surgery, 79 (68%) had ‘full’ conventional treatment, either mastectomy with axillary clearance, sampling or radiotherapy, or local excision with radiotherapy. In 38 patients (32%) management of the breast or axilla was considered to have been less complete than the usual practice for younger patients (‘limited’ treatment group), either local excision without radiotherapy or simple mastectomy alone.The ‘limited’ treatment group were significantly older than the ‘full’ treatment group but were comparable for tumour size, clinical nodal status and oestrogen and progesterone receptor levels. Although there was no survival difference between the groups, those in the ‘limited’ treatment group were more likely to develop locoregional recurrence (χ12 = 9.2, P = 0.002, log rank test). In practice, management of the elderly often appears to be influenced by chronological age rather than clinical or biological factors. It is suggested that elderly patients sufficiently fit to undergo surgery should be treated along the lines applicable to younger patients.
PANCREATICOJEJUNOSTOMY FOR CHRONIC PANCREATITIS
Authors: Wilson T. G. , Hollands M. J. , Little J. M. 
Published: September 2010

Book reviews in this article:The treatment of chronic pancreatitis commonly yields disappointing results. Patients with chronic pancreatitis and a dilated pancreatic duct can be treated by longitudinal pancreaticojejunostomy. In order to evaluate the procedure, 20 patients undergoing pancreaticojejunostomy were followed for a median time of more than 5 years. Their clinical characteristics and outcomes have been compared with a group of 43 patients with chronic pancreatitis and small pancreatic ducts. There were no differences between the two groups in the major epidemiological parameters, except that calcification in the gland was more frequently noted in those with large ducts.The operation of longitudinal pancreaticojejunostomy could be accomplished with an acceptable morbidity. There was one death in the postoperative period. Seventy‐six per cent of patients were found to have benefited clinically at five years, compared with 48% of those with small duct disease. This difference was statistically significant.Patients who benefited were defined by four factors; they were carrying out their usual occupation at the time of surgery, they were not narcotic dependent at the time of surgery, they had a pancreatic duct width greater than 7 mm and, they had totally abstained from alcohol from before the operation to the time of follow‐up.Longitudinal pancreaticojejunostomy probably remains the best surgical treatment for suitable patients with chronic pancreatitis. The operation should only be performed when the pancreatic duct is greater than 7 mm in width. In such patients the operation produces considerable improvement of pain with minimal metabolic disturbance.
INGUINAL SURGERY IN ATHLETES WITH CHRONIC GROIN PAIN: THE ‘SPORTSMAN'S’ HERNIA
Authors: Malycha Peter , Lovell Greg 
Published: September 2010

Book reviews in this article:Fifty athletes with chronic undiagnosed groin pain underwent surgical exploration and inguinal hernia repair. Six months later, all athletes were sent questionnaires to assess their return to sport, level of pain (using analogue pain scores) and the overall result of their surgery. Operative findings revealed a significant bulge in the posterior inguinal wall in 40 athletes. Forty‐four athletes (88%) replied to the questionnaire. Forty‐one athletes (93% of respondents) had returned to normal activities. Pain scores indicated a marked improvement in their level of pain (P < 0.001). Thirty‐three athletes (75%) rated the result as good and 10 (23%) as improved.It is concluded that athletes with chronic groin pain who are unable to compete in active sport should be considered for routine inguinal hernia repair if no other pathology is evident after clinical examination and investigation.
OMENTOPLASTY IN ABDOMINOPERINEAL RESECTION OF THE RECTUM
Authors: Rice M. L. , Hay A. M. , Hurlow R. H. 
Published: September 2010

Book reviews in this article:An omental pedicle graft, based on the right gastro‐epiploic artery to facilitate perineal healing, was used in 20 cases of abdominoperineal resection of the rectum. There was one postoperative death. Primary healing of the perineum occurred in all cases. The technique is described and recommended.
VERTICAL SUBLUXATION OF THE PATELLA: AN UNUSUAL FEATURE OF MULTIPLE EPIPHYSEAL DYSPLASIA
Authors: Coates Christopher J. , Williamson David M. , Menelaus Malcolm B. 
Published: September 2010

Book reviews in this article:Abnormally shaped, usually double‐layered, patellae are recognized as occurring in multiple epiphyseal dysplasia. The case described is unusual in that an associated defect appeared in the femur and resulted in mechanical symptoms.
Efficacy of the entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema kraussei and Heterorhabditis megidis against the black vine weevil Otiorhynchus sulcatus in open field‐grown strawberry plants
Authors: Haukeland Solveig , Lola‐Luz Theodora 
Published: September 2010

Entomopathogenic nematodes are commercially available for inundative biological control of many insects, including the black vine weevil Otiorhynchus sulcatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Currently, there is a lack of commercial application tests in field‐grown crops comparing the efficacy of different species of entomopathogenic nematodes.
Field trials were carried out under different growing conditions in Ireland and Norway to evaluate the efficacy of two commercially available nematode species on the market for control of the black vine weevil Heterorhabditis megidis and Steinernema kraussei.
Heterorhabditis megidis was evaluated not only at temperatures ideal for this species (soil temperatures above 10 °C), but also in the low temperature trials with S. kraussei as a ‘positive control’. Steinernema kraussei is sold as a cold active product and was therefore evaluated at low soil temperatures (below 10 °C).
The overall results indicated that H. megidis was effective as long as temperatures were optimum (not dropping below 10 °C). For S. kraussei, the results obtained were rather disappointing, where control barely reached 50% in the trial with the coldest temperature. Temperature and soil type appeared to be a major limiting factor for the efficacy of both nematode species.
On the basis of the results and experience obtained in these trials, the future implications for biological control of O. sulcatus with entomopathogenic nematodes in commercial field‐grown strawberry production are discussed.
Renoprotective action of l‐carnitine in fructose‐induced metabolic syndrome
Authors: Rajasekar P. , Viswanathan P. , Anuradha C. V. 
Published: September 2010

Aim:  Rats fed high dosage of fructose that form a well‐known experimental model of the metabolic syndrome also display progressive renal disturbances. The present study evaluates the influence of l‐carnitine (CA) administration on oxidant–antioxidant balance, protein damage and lipid levels in kidney of rats administered high dose of fructose.Methods:  Adult male Wistar rats were divided into four groups of 10 rats each. Groups I and IV animals received starch‐based control diet, while groups II and III rats were fed a high‐fructose diet (60 g/100 g). Groups III and IV animals additionally received CA (300 mg/kg/day) for 60 days. The extent of lipid peroxidation, enzymatic and non‐enzymatic antioxidants and lipid levels were measured after 60 days. The accumulation of nitrated and oxidatively modified proteins in kidney was also measured by immunohistochemical study with specific antibodies.Results:  Fructose‐fed rats exhibited increased levels of peroxidation end products, diminished antioxidant status, increased staining for the presence of 4‐hydroxy‐2‐nonenal, 2,4‐dinitrophenol and 3‐nitrotyrosine protein adducts and lipid accumulation in kidney. CA administration attenuated these pathological renal alterations.Conclusions:  The benefits of CA in this model suggest the therapeutic use of CA to counter the kidney changes associated with metabolic syndrome.
CASE REPORT: Bilateral phacoemulsification in an orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
Authors: Montiani‐Ferreira Fabiano , Lima Leandro , Bacellar Marianna , D’Otaviano Vilani Ricardo G. , Fedullo José Daniel , Lange Rogério R. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA 14‐year‐old, female, captive‐born orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) developed bilateral cataracts. Ultrasonography, electroretinography and cataract correction using phacoemulsification were performed bilaterally. This case report aims to describe the ophthalmic procedures performed in this animal critically endangered of extinction. The surgery successfully restored vision and normal activity to the patient.
Mydriatic effect of topically applied rocuronium bromide in tawny owls (Strix aluco): comparison between two protocols
Authors: Barsotti Giovanni , Briganti Angela , Spratte Johanna Roselinde , Ceccherelli Renato , Breghi Gloria 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjective To evaluate the mydriatic efficacy of a neuromuscular blocking agent (rocuronium bromide) applied topically to only one eye of nocturnal birds of prey and to assess for any general and/or local adverse effects due to its use.Animal studied Twelve healthy adult tawny owls (Strix aluco) were randomly divided in two groups.Procedures Six birds (Group 1) received a single dose of 0.35 mg of rocuronium bromide. The second group of subjects (Group 2) received two doses of 0.35 mg of rocuronium bromide (total 0.70 mg/eye). In both groups, the curariform agent was instilled topically. Pupil diameter was measured with a pupillary gauge in 10 min intervals for a total of 100 min and then every 20 min for a total of 240 min. The assessment of the pupillary light reflex was performed using a standard light source during pupillary size recording.Results Maximal pupillary diameter was 11.5 ± 0.3 mm for Group 1 and 11.0 ± 0.6 mm for Group 2 and no statistically significant differences were detected among the two groups. The maximal pupillary diameter was achieved at T80 for Group 1, and at T60 for Group 2. A complete fundus examination was possible on all treated eyes of subjects of both groups. The drug did not cause any noticeable adverse effects in any of the examined birds.Conclusion Results of the present study suggest that a single topical administration of 0.35 mg of rocuronium bromide to the eyes of healthy tawny owls results in sufficient mydriasis to allow for a complete examination of the fundus.
CASE REPORT: Bilateral vision loss in a captive cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus)
Authors: Walser‐Reinhardt Ladina , Wernick Morena B. , Hatt Jean‐Michel , Spiess Bernhard M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe following case report describes a 1‐year‐old female cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) with bilateral blindness and unresponsive pupils. For comparison, a second healthy 2.5‐year‐old male cheetah without visual deficits was also examined. Clinical examination of both animals included biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy, tonometry, and electroretinography. The young female cheetah showed no menace response, no direct or indirect pupillary light reflex, and no dazzle reflex in either eye. Fundus lesions, as detected by indirect ophthalmoscopy, are described for the female animal. In both eyes, the fundus color was green/turquoise/yellow with multiple hyperpigmented linear lesions in the tapetal area around the optic nerve. The optic nerve head was dark gray and about half the normal size suggesting bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia and retinal dysplasia or differentially optic nerve atrophy and chorioretinal scarring. The ERG had low amplitudes in the right eye but appeared normal in the left eye compared with the male cheetah. Blood levels did not suggest current taurine deficiency. This is addressed to some degree in the discussion. Bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia or optic nerve atrophy is a rare anomaly in cats and has not yet been described in a cheetah.
Ocular disease in the guinea pig (Cavia porcellus): a survey of 1000 animals
Authors: Williams David , Sullivan Ann 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjective Anecdotal evidence has suggested that guinea pigs have a high prevalence of ocular lesions. Here we undertook a survey of 1000 guinea pigs from populations of animals kept as laboratory animals, breeding show cavies, animals kept as pets and those from rescue and rehoming centers. Each animal was examined to assess for ocular abnormalities.Procedures A full ophthalmic examination was performed on each animal with direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy and with slit lamp biomicroscopy. Measurement of tear production using the Schirmer tear test 1 and intraocular pressure using the Tonopen applanation tonometer after topical anesthesia was undertaken in selected animals.Results Forty‐five percent of animals examined had some ocular abnormality. The majority were lens lesions including 17% with cataract and 21% with subclinical lens abnormalities such as nuclear sclerosis. Other abnormalities included conjunctivitis in 4.7% and keratitis in 3.6%. Lipid deposition in conjunctiva was observed in 2.3% of guinea pigs and ciliary body heterotopic bone formation in 0.8% of animals.Conclusions This study shows a high proportion of eyes with some degree of abnormality in animals otherwise considered healthy. Information on diseases of the guinea pig eye is important given the use of the species as a laboratory rodent and also the number kept as pets and show animals.
An exercise programme for patients with diabetic complications: a study on feasibility and preliminary effectiveness
Authors: Otterman N. M. , van Schie C. H. M. , van der Schaaf M. , van Bon A. C. , Busch‐Westbroek T. E. , Nollet F. 
Published: September 2010

Diabet. Med. 28, 212–217 (2011)AbstractAims  To investigate the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of an exercise programme for patients with diabetic complications.Methods  In this pre‐post design study, 22 patients from a diabetic foot outpatient clinic participated in a 12‐week individualized exercise programme, consisting of aerobic and resistance exercise, with specific safety precautions. Feasibility was assessed on the basis of programme adherence, adverse events, achievement of the target training intensity and patient satisfaction. Preliminary effectiveness was evaluated with pre‐post‐changes in blood glucose regulation (HbA1c), muscle strength (isometric peak torque) and perceived limitations in functioning (Patient Specific Function Scale with visual analogue scale).Results  Twenty patients completed the exercise programme with a high mean attendance (85%). No training‐related severe adverse events occurred. The target training intensity was achieved by 70% of the participants. Patient satisfaction was high. HbA1c decreased from 8.2% before to 7.8% after the programme (P = 0.005), muscle strength increased from 136.4 to 150.4 Nm (P = 0.046) and perceived limitations in functioning decreased from 7.2 to 5.8 mm (P = 0.003).Conclusions  The prescribed exercise programme had a potentially positive effect on blood glucose regulation, muscle strength and perceived limitations in functioning in patients with diabetic complications.
Factors associated with medication adherence to oral hypoglycaemic agents in different ethnic groups suffering from Type 2 diabetes: a systematic literature review and suggestions for further research
Authors: Peeters B. , Van Tongelen I. , Boussery K. , Mehuys E. , Remon J. P. , Willems S. 
Published: September 2010

Diabet. Med. 28, 262–275 (2011)AbstractAims  To synthesize knowledge regarding the different factors that may influence adherence to oral hypoglycaemic agents in different ethnic groups through a systematic review of the literature.Methods  Thirteen databases were searched and 1201 articles were screened by two authors independently from each other. Different quantitative study designs were included if the study population included at least one ethnic group other than White people, medication adherence was a dependent variable and a clear description was given of the method used to measure medication adherence.Results  Demographic, disease‐related and treatment‐related, socio‐economic and cultural factors were associated with medication adherence in the populations that were studied. However, to synthesize results, the number of studies was too small and the included studies differed too much with respect to their study designs and the ethnic groups that were studied. We discuss several methodological challenges with respect to measuring medication adherence, measuring ethnicity and study designs that need to be resolved to make future studies comparable. We propose methodological improvements for future research.Conclusion  Although medication adherence is an essential part of the diabetic regimen, little is known about the association between ethnicity and medication adherence and the underlying factors that could explain this association. More research is needed in which important methodological challenges will have to be faced.
Mechanisms of change in control group drinking in clinical trials of brief alcohol intervention: Implications for bias toward the null
Authors: BERNSTEIN JUDITH A. , BERNSTEIN EDWARD , HEEREN TIMOTHY C. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIssues.Reductions in control group consumption over time that are possibly related to research design affect the impact of brief alcohol interventions (BAI) in clinical settings.Approach.We conducted a systematic review to identify research design factors that may contribute to control group change, strategies to limit these effects and implications for researchers. Studies with control groupn > 30 were selected if they published baseline and outcome consumption data, conducted trials in clinical settings in Anglophone countries and did not censor gender or age.Key Findings.Among 38 studies cited in 20 reviews through October 2009,16 met criteria (n = 31–370). In 54%, controls received alcohol specific handouts, advice and/or referral. Both the number and depth of assessments were highly variable. The percentage change in consumption ranged from−0.10 to−0.84 (mean−0.32), and effect size from 0.04 to 0.70 (mean 0.37). Published data were insufficient for meta‐analysis.Implications.Researchers should consider strategies to reduce the impact of research design factors, such as procedures to enhance sample diversity, blind subjects to study purpose to limit social desirability bias, reduce the number and depth of instruments (assessment reactivity), and finally, analytic techniques to decrease the impact of outliers and regression to the mean.Conclusions.This review identifies problems with retrospective analysis of predictors of control group change, and underscores the need to design prospective studies to permit identification, quantification and adjustment for potential sources of bias in BAI trials.[Bernstein JA, Bernstein E, Heeren TC. Mechanisms of change in control group drinking in clinical trials of brief alcohol intervention: Implications for bias toward the null.Drug Alcohol Rev2010;29;498–507]