bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
All-inorganic Light Emitting Devices Based on Semiconducting Nanoparticles
Authors: Neshataeva Ekaterina , Kümmell Tilmar , Ebbers André , Bacher Gerd 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe demonstrate light emitting devices based on ZnO nanoparticles and realized without any additional organic support layers. Pure ZnO devices showed electroluminescence in the visible and the UV spectral range at voltages below 10 V. In order to facilitate hole injection and to stabilize device operation, additional p-type inorganic support layers were introduced. Sputtered NiO layers are shown to improve the stability of the device and its I/V behavior. First bilayer devices consisting of a layer sequence of p-doped Si and naturally n-doped ZnO nanoparticles revealed promising electro-luminescence results with a high contribution in the UV spectral range at reduced current densities.
LaF3-BaF2-KF derived electrolyte in solid state fluoride-ion battery
Authors: Wang Dechao , Munnangi Anji Reddy , Hahn Horst , Fichtner Max 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSolid-state based battery technology offers, in principle, the largest temperature range (from room temperature to 500 °C) of any battery technology. In fluoride based batteries, the chemical reaction used to create electrical energy is a solid-state reaction of a metal with fluoride anion [1]. Among the various types of solid preparation techniques, the mechanochemical synthesis has been recognized as a powerful route to novel, high-performance, and low-cost materials [2]. Thus, a mixed and highly disordered fluoride phase with retained cubic symmetry can be obtained with a very high Fˉ diffusivity [3].In our group, a series of new electrolytes was developed, namely LaF3-BaF2-KF solid solutions, using mechanosynthesis method. The cubic structure of the product was confirmed by XRD. The nanoscale nature and morphology of the samples were characterized by SEM and TEM. First Solid-state electrochemical cells were built with LiF based composite cathode, LaF3-BaF2-KF derived electrolyte and Fe based composite anode.
Karachaganak - Dynamic Data to Drive Geological Model
Authors: Bigoni F.. , Francesconi A.. , Albertini C.. , Camocino D.. , Distaso E.. , Borromeo O.. , Luoni F.. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Karachaganak, an isolated carbonate platform, is a gas-condensate-oil field located in the Pri-Caspian Basin. Production, started in 1985, is now focused on liquid recovery. In 2003 gas injection was implemented.
Despite the huge amount of geological data of different vintages, there is not yet a general consensus about the conceptual geological model. This fact is due to poor quality data and lack of reliable analogues. In particular the integration of geological data with 3D Seismic data, affected by the presence of salt-domes, is ambiguous.
The main critical issue is represented by the presence of an enhanced permeability affecting about 15% of the reservoir. An adequate description of this event, at present randomly distributed in the reservoir models, would represent an effective tool to optimize both new wells location and further developments.
The issue has been tackled in a pragmatic way cross-checking dynamic and geological data vs. several geological scenarios and thus testing their reliability. Using effective data-base tools, production and Well-Test data of 169 wells have been cross-checked with geological and petrophysical data at different scale of observations ranging between micro-permeameter measurements to Seismic Stratigraphic Units. Well-Test permeability, based on PLT’s contributions, was a key factor.
This analysis has allowed the endorsement of a model resulting very effective in differentiating the reservoir into petrophysically homogeneous Depositional Regions. The distribution of enhanced permeability resulted linked to the geological evolution, and particularly to the bank internal geometry, consisting of an aggradational phase bioherm-dominated, and a progradation phase characterised by clinoform depositional bodies.
Karachaganak – 3D Modelling of Dolomite
Authors: Albertini C.. , Bigoni F.. , Borromeo O.. , Camocino D.. , Francesconi A.. , Luoni F.. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractDolomitisation is a diagenetic process that can affect carbonate rocks changing their original petrophysical characteristics. In the carbonate platform of Karachaganak Field this diagenetic event is significant, affecting about 40% of the rock volume, where both original porosity and permeability result to be increased. The 3D modelling of dolomite is therefore necessary to better describe the reservoir rock matrix storage capacity and flow capacity.Despite the large data-base available, represented by lithological logs of about 150 wells calibrated on more than 25000 core plugs, the dolomite pattern distribution does not show clear trends. To go further of meaningless "bull-eyes maps", the 3D Modelling of dolomite has been performed integrating well data with conceptual models for dolomitisation, within the framework of depositional sequences presented in SPE139887.Different conceptual dolomitisation models, described by different Probability Trends, have been applied for different Stratigraphic Units and the 3D Modelling has been performed using Sequential Gaussian Simulations. The simulations have been run, initially, without any well control using well data as verification data set. By trial and error approach, the different simulations have been checked at the wells, comparing CPIs percentage vs. simulated percentage. A tuning process has been performed, optimizing the practical application of Conceptual Models, revising the Probability Trends according to different geological inputs and adjusting the lithology percentage.The workflow, applied to each Stratigraphic Unit, has led to a geologically meaningful stabilized realization, in good agreement with well data. Finally the Simulation has been performed well data constrained.
Developing the Effective Production Allocation Workflow Using Different Approaches for Gas Condensate Reservoir
Authors: Taiyr D.. , Knight J.. , Watson D.. , Tleukhabyluly O.. , Muratbekov S.. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
This paper presents a practical methodology for the determination of error bounds in the oil back allocation procedure and its application to decision making in the development of a giant gas condensate reservoir in the Caspian region. The case study of allocating fluid rates to individual wells has been performed by adjustment of reservoir pressure and gas-oil ratio with time using computer aided analysis.
This work describes improvements in well performance modelling and outlines the effective workflow whereby well performance can be estimated at any given period. The workflow has provided a cost-effective solution that reduces uncertainties in estimating production volumes at the well level. Well models are built using production well test data. These tests are usually performed at best on an annual basis for fields with a large number of producing wells. Therefore, the well models are nearly always out of date by a matter of months or even years, and the allocation factor associated with traditional models could be over the reasonable accuracy level.
In addition to traditional models well performance software models have been developed and used. By adjusting the software models for predictable changes in reservoir pressure and gas oil ratio, the oil allocation factor errors can be reduced significantly. This methodology can also be applied to historical data to improve the production assumptions used to history match the field simulation model
A comparative study of the different allocation methods and its impact to allocation factor errors and to net present values has been carried out, and confirmed the importance of correct oil reconciliation at the well level.
How to improve the quality of the tissue sample obtained by percutaneous liver biopsy
Authors: Sporea Ioan , Popescu Alina , Şirli Roxana 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
The evaluation of liver lesions in patients with chronic hepatopathy is mandatory for assessing prognosis and sometimes for making treatment decisions. The liver biopsy (LB) is still considered the gold standard for the evaluation of chronic hepatopathy, despite the fact that noninvasive methods (serologic markers and transient elastography or real-time elastography) are being used more often. The quality of the hepatic tissue sample obtained at biopsy is important for the correct diagnosis. Usually, a liver specimen is considered to be adequate for pathological examination if it is no less than 20 mm and preferably more than 25 mm and if it includes 8 to 11 portal tracts. To improve the quality of the tissue sample obtained by percutaneous LB, we believe it is optimal for the operator to use the Menghini needle technique with two intrahepatic passages (specimens up to 4 cm in length can be obtained), to use echo guidance or ultrasonographic assistance, to have extensive personal experience (defined as having performed between 50 and 100 biopsies), and to assess the length of the tissue sample immediately after the LB, and, in the event the specimen is inadequate in length, to rapidly perform another passage.
Six-Minute Walk Test for Persons with Mild or Moderate Disability from Multiple Sclerosis: Performance and Explanatory Factors
Authors: Wetzel Jane L. , Fry Donna K. , Pfalzer Lucinda A. 
Published: December 2010

Purpose: The primary purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which health factors, functional measures, and pulmonary impairment explain performance on 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) distance in ambulatory persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). Another purpose was to determine the effect of disability and age on 6MWT performance and explanatory factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used to evaluate factors that explain performance on the 6MWT in 64 community-dwelling persons with MS-related disability (Expanded Disability Status Scale [EDSS] 3.8±1.6). Of the 64 participants, 43 (67.2%) exhibited mild disability (EDSS <4.0) and 21 (32.8%) had moderate disability (EDSS 4.0–6.5). A regression analysis compared 6MWT performance to measures of health factors (EDSS, number of medications, number of comorbidities, resting HR, systolic and diastolic blood pressure [BP]); physical performance (functional stair test [FST], sit-to-stand test [SST], static standing balance [BAL], Fatigue Severity Scale [FSS], Activities-specific Balance Confidence [ABC] Scale); and pulmonary function (forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1], forced vital capacity [FVC], maximal voluntary ventilation [MVV], maximal inspiratory pressure [MIP], maximal expiratory pressure [MEP]). Results: EDSS, ABC, FST, SST, BAL, MVV, MIP, and MEP were significantly associated with 6MWT distance after adjusting for age. Multiple step-wise linear regression analysis revealed that ABC, FST, and BAL were significant and independent explanatory factors of 6MWT distance. ABC and FST explained 75% of the variance in 6MWT performance (R2=0.75). Curvilinear regression analysis revealed that the FST is the most significant explanatory factor for 6MWT distance, explaining 79% of the variance (R2=0.79). Conclusions: 6MWT performance in persons with MS was explained by balance confidence (ABC) and stair-climbing ability (FST). The ABC and FST may be practical clinical measures for explaining walking ability and determining risk for disablement in persons with MS.
Une histoire en chiffres de l'enseignement supérieur en France
Authors: Prost Antoine , Cytermann Jean-Richard 
Published: December 2010

Résumé Cet article offre une sélection de données statistiques pertinentes sur l’histoire de l’enseignement supérieur en France. Les domaines couverts sont les suivants : les étudiants, les diplômes, les enseignants et les BIATOSS, les dépenses et quelques comparaisons internationales.
Les transformations de la carte universitaire depuis les années 1960 : constats et enjeux
Authors: Baron Myriam 
Published: December 2010

Résumé Évoquer les transformations de la carte universitaire en France au cours des 50 dernières années conduit à s’interroger sur le niveau géographique privilégié mais aussi sur la production et l’utilisation de tels documents. Ces quelques jalons posés, la carte universitaire du début des années 2000 est brossée à grands traits : d’une part, en se référant aux villes et à leur hiérarchie, très présente dans la structuration du « fait universitaire » ; d’autre part, en accordant une place significative à la dimension régionale, qui révèle de remarquables évolutions au cours des 25 dernières années. Ces caractéristiques ne peuvent être uniquement les conséquences du dernier plan « U 2 000 ». Les exemples de la Bretagne et de l’Ile-de-France montrent que les décisions ont été prises dès le début des années 1960. Ce qui conduit à s’interroger sur les relations entre productions cartographiques et aménagements du territoire.
Une discipline « utile » dans l'enseignement supérieur : promotion et appropriations de la gestion (1965-1975)
Authors: Pavis Fabienne 
Published: December 2010

Résumé Centré sur l’enseignement supérieur de gestion en France, cet article vise à rendre compte des conditions et des effets, notamment pour les étudiants, de l’académisation d’une discipline « utile ». Il restitue tout d’abord l’argumentaire utilisé pour promouvoir et rénover l’enseignement supérieur de gestion à partir du milieu des années 1960 : cet enseignement doit favoriser la modernisation économique du pays. Puis il se focalise sur la mise en œuvre de cette politique en insistant sur ses appropriations différenciées en fonction de la position dans l’espace, très hiérarchisé, des institutions de formation et en fonction des ressources des agents qui s’y investissent comme enseignants jeunes diplômés et comme étudiants. Une offre de nouvelles positions académiques apparaît au sein des écoles de commerce et à l’université. Si les nouveaux spécialistes sont devenus incontournables dans les institutions de formation à la gestion, leur position professionnelle demeure ambiguë : leurs tutelles leur reprochent ou de trop se prendre au jeu académique ou de trop se prendre au jeu entrepreneurial. Les étudiants quant à eux ont pu profiter du renouvellement pédagogique et de la revalorisation des études commerciales, mais un constat d’inertie s’impose : une ségrégation sociale forte des étudiants demeure dans cet enseignement de gestion massifié.
Bcl6 Is Required for the Development of Mouse CD4+ and CD8α+ Dendritic Cells
Authors: Ohtsuka Hiromi , Sakamoto Akemi , Pan Jing , Inage Sumina , Horigome Satoshi , Ichii Hirohito , Arima Masafumi , Hatano Masahiko , Okada Seiji , Tokuhisa Takeshi 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Th2-type inflammation spontaneously shown in Bcl6-knockout (KO) mice is mainly caused by bone marrow (BM)-derived nonlymphoid cells. However, the function of dendritic cells (DCs) in Bcl6-KO mice has not been reported. We show in this article that the numbers of CD4+ conventional DCs (cDCs) and CD8α+ cDCs, but not of plasmacytoid DCs, were markedly reduced in the spleen of Bcl6-KO mice. Generation of cDCs from DC progenitors in BM cells was perturbed in the spleen of irradiated wild-type (WT) mice transferred with Bcl6-KO BM cells, indicating an intrinsic effect of Bcl6 in cDC precursors. Although cDC precursors were developed in a Bcl6-KO BM culture with Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand, the cDC precursors were more apoptotic than WT ones. Also p53, one of the molecular targets of Bcl6, was overexpressed in the precursors. The addition of a p53 inhibitor to Bcl6-KO BM culture protected apoptosis, suggesting that Bcl6 is required by cDC precursors for survival by controlling p53 expression. Furthermore, large numbers of T1/ST2+ Th2 cells were naturally developed in the spleen of Bcl6-KO mice. Th2 skewing was accelerated in the culture of WT CD4 T cells stimulated with Ags and LPS-activated Bcl6-KO BM-derived DCs, which produced more IL-6 and less IL-12 than did WT DCs; the addition of anti–IL-6 Abs to the culture partially abrogated the Th2 skewing. These results suggest that Bcl6 is required in cDC precursors for survival and in activated DCs for modulating the cytokine profile.
EC144, a Synthetic Inhibitor of Heat Shock Protein 90, Blocks Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses in Models of Inflammation and Autoimmunity
Authors: Yun Theodore J. , Harning Erin K. , Giza Keith , Rabah Dania , Li Ping , Arndt Joseph W. , Luchetti David , Biamonte Marco A. , Shi Jiandong , Lundgren Karen , Manning Anthony , Kehry Marilyn R. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractHeat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a molecular chaperone involved in folding and stabilizing multiple intracellular proteins that have roles in cell activation and proliferation. Many Hsp90 client proteins in tumor cells are mutated or overexpressed oncogenic proteins driving cancer cell growth, leading to the acceptance of Hsp90 as a potential therapeutic target for cancer. Because several signal transduction molecules that are dependent on Hsp90 function are also involved in activation of innate and adaptive cells of the immune system, we investigated the mechanism by which inhibiting Hsp90 leads to therapeutic efficacy in rodent models of inflammation and autoimmunity. EC144, a synthetic Hsp90 inhibitor, blocked LPS-induced TLR4 signaling in RAW 264.7 cells by inhibiting activation of ERK1/2, MEK1/2, JNK, and p38 MAPK but not NF-κB. Ex vivo LPS-stimulated CD11b+ peritoneal exudate cells from EC144-treated mice were blocked from phosphorylating tumor progression locus 2, MEK1/2, and ERK1/2. Consequently, EC144-treated mice were resistant to LPS administration and had suppressed systemic TNF-α release. Inhibiting Hsp90 also blocked in vitro CD4+ T cell proliferation in mouse and human MLRs. In vivo, semitherapeutic administration of EC144 blocked disease development in rat collagen-induced arthritis by suppressing the inflammatory response. In a mouse collagen-induced arthritis model, EC144 also suppressed disease development, which correlated with a suppressed Ag-specific Ab response and a block in activation of Ag-specific CD4+ T cells. Our results describe mechanisms by which blocking Hsp90 function may be applicable to treatment of autoimmune diseases involving inflammation and activation of the adaptive immune response.
The Vitamin D Analog, TX527, Promotes a Human CD4+CD25highCD127low Regulatory T Cell Profile and Induces a Migratory Signature Specific for Homing to Sites of Inflammation
Authors: Baeke Femke , Korf Hannelie , Overbergh Lut , Verstuyf Annemieke , Thorrez Lieven , Van Lommel Leentje , Waer Mark , Schuit Frans , Gysemans Conny , Mathieu Chantal 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
The use of hypocalcemic vitamin D analogs is an appealing strategy to exploit the immunomodulatory actions of active vitamin D in vivo while circumventing its calcemic side effects. The functional modulation of dendritic cells by these molecules is regarded as the key mechanism underlying their ability to regulate T cell reactivity. In this article, we demonstrate the capacity of the vitamin D analog, TX527, to target T cells directly. Microarray analysis of purified human CD3+ T cells, cultured in the presence of TX527, revealed differential expression of genes involved in T cell activation, proliferation, differentiation, and migratory capacity. Accordingly, functional analysis showed a TX527-mediated suppression of the T cell proliferative capacity and activation status, accompanied by decreased expression of effector cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-17). Furthermore, TX527 triggered the emergence of CD4+CD25highCD127low regulatory T cells featuring elevated levels of IL-10, CTLA-4, and OX40 and the functional capacity to suppress activation and proliferation of effector T cells. Moreover, the vitamin D analog profoundly altered the homing receptor profile of T cells and their migration toward chemokine ligands. Remarkably, TX527 not only modulated skin-homing receptors as illustrated for the parent compound, but also reduced the expression of lymphoid organ-homing receptors (CD62L, CCR7, and CXCR4) and uniquely promoted surface expression of inflammatory homing receptors (CCR5, CXCR3, and CXCR6) on T cells. We conclude that TX527 directly affects human T cell function, thereby inhibiting effector T cell reactivity while inducing regulatory T cell characteristics, and imprints them with a specific homing signature favoring migration to sites of inflammation.
Targeting the CXCR4–CXCL12 Axis Mobilizes Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Prolongs Islet Allograft Survival via Programmed Death Ligand 1
Authors: Fiorina Paolo , Jurewicz Mollie , Vergani Andrea , Petrelli Alessandra , Carvello Michele , D’Addio Francesca , Godwin Jonathan G. , Law Kenneth , Wu Erxi , Tian Ze , Thoma Gebhard , Kovarik Jiri , La Rosa Stefano , Capella Carlo , Rodig Scott , Zerwes Hans-Guenter , Sayegh Mohamed H. , Abdi Reza 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Antagonism of CXCR4 disrupts the interaction between the CXCR4 receptor on hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and the CXCL12 expressed by stromal cells in the bone marrow, which subsequently results in the shedding of HSCs to the periphery. Because of their profound immunomodulatory effects, HSCs have emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for autoimmune disorders. We sought to investigate the immunomodulatory role of mobilized autologous HSCs, via target of the CXCR4-CXL12 axis, to promote engraftment of islet cell transplantation. Islets from BALB/c mice were transplanted beneath the kidney capsule of hyperglycemic C57BL/6 mice, and treatment of recipients with CXCR4 antagonist resulted in mobilization of HSCs and in prolongation of islet graft survival. Addition of rapamycin to anti-CXCR4 therapy further promoted HSC mobilization and islet allograft survival, inducing a robust and transferable host hyporesponsiveness, while administration of an ACK2 (anti-CD117) mAb halted CXCR4 antagonist-mediated HSC release and restored allograft rejection. Mobilized HSCs were shown to express high levels of the negative costimulatory molecule programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), and HSCs extracted from wild-type mice, but not from PD-L1 knockout mice, suppressed the in vitro alloimmune response. Moreover, HSC mobilization in PD-L1 knockout mice failed to prolong islet allograft survival. Targeting the CXCR4–CXCL12 axis thus mobilizes autologous HSCs and promotes long-term survival of islet allografts via a PD-L1–mediated mechanism.