bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in Spring Snowpack for Selected Basins in the United States for Different Climate-Change Scenarios
Authors: Mastin Mark C. , Chase Katherine J. , Dudley R. W. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Spring snowpack is an important water resource in many river basins in the United States in areas where snowmelt comprises a large part of the annual runoff. Increasing temperatures will likely reduce snowpacks in the future, resulting in more winter runoff and less available water during the summer low-flow season. As part of the National Climate Change Modeling Project by the U.S. Geological Survey, distributed watershed-model output was analyzed to characterize areal extent and water-equivalent volumes of spring snowpack for a warming climate. The output from seven selected watershed models from the mountainous western United States and one model from coastal Maine in the northeastern United States shows a future of declining spring snowpack. Snow-cover area (SCA) and snow-water equivalent (SWE) were used to compare the spring snowpack for current conditions (2006) with three time periods in the future (2030, 2060, and 2090) using three Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) emission scenarios published in the 2007 Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES): A2, B1, and A1B. Distributed SWE and SCA values were sorted into elevation zones in each basin. The change in spring snowpack over time was greater than the change among different emission scenarios, suggesting that, even for a globally reduced carbon emission scenario, large decreases in SWE are likely to occur. The SRES A2 scenario resulted in the greatest decrease in SWE for six of the basins, and the SRES B1 and A1B scenarios resulted in the greatest decrease in one basin each.
Watershed-Scale Response to Climate Change through the Twenty-First Century for Selected Basins across the United States
Authors: Hay Lauren E. , Markstrom Steven L. , Ward-Garrison Christian 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe hydrologic response of different climate-change emission scenarios for the twenty-first century were evaluated in 14 basins from different hydroclimatic regions across the United States using the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS), a process-based, distributed-parameter watershed model. This study involves four major steps: 1) setup and calibration of the PRMS model in 14 basins across the United States by local U.S. Geological Survey personnel; 2) statistical downscaling of the World Climate Research Programme’s Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 climate-change emission scenarios to create PRMS input files that reflect these emission scenarios; 3) run PRMS for the climate-change emission scenarios for the 14 basins; and 4) evaluation of the PRMS output.This paper presents an overview of this project, details of the methodology, results from the 14 basin simulations, and interpretation of these results. A key finding is that the hydrological response of the different geographical regions of the United States to potential climate change may be very different, depending on the dominant physical processes of that particular region. Also considered is the tremendous amount of uncertainty present in the climate emission scenarios and how this uncertainty propagates through the hydrologic simulations. This paper concludes with a discussion of the lessons learned and potential for future work.
Hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis in mice expressing oncogenic NrasG12D from the endogenous locus
Authors: Li Qing , Haigis Kevin M. , McDaniel Andrew , Harding-Theobald Emily , Kogan Scott C. , Akagi Keiko , Wong Jasmine C. Y. , Braun Benjamin S. , Wolff Linda , Jacks Tyler , Shannon Kevin 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
NRAS is frequently mutated in hematologic malignancies. We generated Mx1-Cre, Lox-STOP-Lox (LSL)-NrasG12D mice to comprehensively analyze the phenotypic, cellular, and biochemical consequences of endogenous oncogenic Nras expression in hematopoietic cells. Here we show that Mx1-Cre, LSL-NrasG12D mice develop an indolent myeloproliferative disorder but ultimately die of a diverse spectrum of hematologic cancers. Expressing mutant Nras in hematopoietic tissues alters the distribution of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell populations, and Nras mutant progenitors show distinct responses to cytokine growth factors. Injecting Mx1-Cre, LSL-NrasG12D mice with the MOL4070LTR retrovirus causes acute myeloid leukemia that faithfully recapitulates many aspects of human NRAS-associated leukemias, including cooperation with deregulated Evi1 expression. The disease phenotype in Mx1-Cre, LSL-NrasG12D mice is attenuated compared with Mx1-Cre, LSL-KrasG12D mice, which die of aggressive myeloproliferative disorder by 4 months of age. We found that endogenous KrasG12D expression results in markedly elevated Ras protein expression and Ras-GTP levels in Mac1+ cells, whereas Mx1-Cre, LSL-NrasG12D mice show much lower Ras protein and Ras-GTP levels. Together, these studies establish a robust and tractable system for interrogating the differential properties of oncogenic Ras proteins in primary cells, for identifying candidate cooperating genes, and for testing novel therapeutic strategies.
CD97 antibody depletes granulocytes in mice under conditions of acute inflammation via a Fc receptor-dependent mechanism
Authors: Veninga Henrike , de Groot Dorien M , McCloskey Natalie , Owens Bronwyn M , Dessing Mark C , Verbeek J Sjef , Nourshargh Sussan , van Eenennaam Hans , Boots Annemieke M , Hamann Jörg 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT
Antibodies to the pan-leukocyte adhesion-GPCR CD97 efficiently block neutrophil recruitment in mice, thereby reducing antibacterial host defense, inflammatory disease, and hematopoietic stem cell mobilization. Here, we investigated the working mechanism of the CD97 antibody 1B2. Applying sterile models of inflammation, intravital microscopy, and mice deficient for the CD97L CD55, the complement component C3, or the FcR common γ-chain, we show that 1B2 acts in vivo independent of ligand-binding interference by depleting PMN granulocytes in bone marrow and blood. Granulocyte depletion with 1B2 involved FcR but not complement activation and was associated with increased serum levels of TNF and other proinflammatory cytokines. Notably, depletion of granulocytes by CD97 antibody required acute inflammation, suggesting a mechanism of conditional, antibody-mediated granulocytopenia.
Islam and the Myth of Literalism
Authors: Habib M. A. R. 
Published: December 2010

One of the central concerns of Islamic scholars today is the need to engage in a rereading of the various “texts” that form the core of Islamic doctrine and practice: the Qur'an; the Sunna, or example of the prophet Muhammad; the hadith, or sayings of the prophet; the tradition of Shar`iah, or Islamic law; and other crucial concepts such as ijtihad or independent reasoning and ijma' or consensus.
This essay will argue that the so-called fundamentalist versions of Islam are burdened by a literalism that has no grounding and no sanction in the sacred texts of Islam. The myth of literalism has long been exploded by various branches of philosophy and literary-cultural theory. The fundamentalists posit a primordial—and mythical—“literal” meaning of the Qur'an that has never in fact been articulated. The so-called fundamentalists wish to ignore both history and the necessity of interpretation. In contrast, the Qur'an itself and the other various apparatuses of Islamic interpretation (hadith, et cetera) explicitly acknowledge their own use of metaphor and figurative speech. This essay will argue that the meanings attributable to Qur'anic passages are a product of interpretation and historically accumulated exegesis. The rereading of the sacred texts of Islam, from perspectives enriched by both the history of Islamic thought and more recent modes of literary-cultural theory, is one of the most urgent tasks facing the twenty-first century.
A Multifaceted Approach to Historic District Interpretation in Georgia
Authors: Aylworth Stephanie 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
There are many different approaches to the study of historic districts and buildings. This essay suggests utilizing a multifaceted approach, which provides a greater capacity for interpretation and augments current efforts to document, preserve, and promote historic commercial districts. This approach would shift the study of the commercial building from a problem of classifying and interpreting architectural features to the understanding of the motivations for building the district and eventually understanding the economic role that each building contributed to the district. The City of Douglasville's commercial historic district is examined as a case study in the context of late nineteenth-century “New South” ideology.
Sticky History: Connecting Historians with the Public
Authors: Babal Marianne 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Public historians have long been putting history to work in meaningful ways, cultivating collaborative opportunities, building partnerships, and engaging with the public. In times of economic uncertainty, communicating the relevance of history and the work of historians is more important than ever. This article suggests ways to apply marketing communication principles to connect public historians with their audience. This article is a revised version of the presidential address delivered March 13, 2010 at the National Council on Public History's annual meeting in Portland, Oregon. Marking the thirtieth anniversary of the incorporation of NCPH, it recaps the origins and evolution of the organization over three decades, and proposes an action plan for its growth into the future.
Modeling of the AC/HF/DC converter with power factor correction
Authors: Bogdan Antoni 
Published: December 2010

Modeling of theAC/HF/DCconverter with power factor correctionIn this paper, the power factor correction system consisted of: bridge converter, parallel resonant circuit, high frequency transformer, diode rectifier andLFCFfilter is presented. This system is controlled by a pulse density modulation method and the principle of its operation is based on the boost technique. The modeling approach is illustrated by an example usingAC/HF/DCconverter. Verification of the derived model is provided, which demonstrated the validity of the proposed approach.
Coupling electromagnetic (FE) models to multidomain simulator to analyse eletrical drives and complex control systems
Authors: Jagieła Mariusz , Garbiec Tomasz 
Published: December 2010

Coupling electromagnetic (FE) models to multidomain simulator to analyse eletrical drives and complex control systemsThis work presents the co-simulation approach to the analysis of control systems containing detailed models of electromagnetic and electromechanical converters. In this method of analysis the attention is paid to the whole system and not only to its electromagnetic part. The latter is described by equations resulted from the two-dimensional finite element discretisation of the Maxwell equations, and is coupled weakly with the remaining part of the system. The simulation is carried out in Matlab/Simulink environment wherein the coupling is realised through the S-function. Example results regarding simulation of the operation of the control system of an electrical machine and the operation of a power electronic converter are presented and compared with available reference data.
Sensitive and selective spectrophotometric assay of doxycycline hyclate in pharmaceuticals using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent
Authors: Ramesh Pavagada , Basavaiah Kanakapura , Rajendraprasad Nagaraju 
Published: December 2010

Sensitive and selective spectrophotometric assay of doxycycline hyclate in pharmaceuticals using Folin-Ciocalteu reagentA spectrophotometric method for the determination of doxycycline (DOX) is described. The method is based on the formation of blue colored chromogen due to reduction of tungstate and/or molybdate in Folin-Ciocalteu (F-C) reagent by DOX in alkaline medium. The colored species has an absorption maximum at 770 nm and the system obeys Beer's law over the concentration range 0.75-12.0 μg mL-1DOX. The apparent molar absorptivity is 2.78 × 104L mol-1cm-1. The limit of quantification and detection values are reported to be 0.20 and 0.08 μg mL-1, respectively. Over the linear range applicable, the accuracy and precision of the method were evaluated on intra-day and inter-day basis. The reported mean accuracy value was 101.0 ± 1.7 %, the relative error was ≤ 2.7 % and the relative standard deviation was ≤ 2.5 %. Application of the proposed method to bulk powder and commercial pharmaceutical tablets is also presented. No significant difference was obtained between the results of the proposed method and the official BP method. The procedure described in this paper is simple, rapid, accurate and precise.
Development of a selective biopharmaceutical from Herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoproteins E and I for blocking antibody mediated neutralization of oncolytic viruses
Authors: Bucurescu Septimiu 
Published: December 2010

Development of a selective biopharmaceutical from Herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoproteins E and I for blocking antibody mediated neutralization of oncolytic virusesFuture cancer therapies will be molecular cures. They will correct, block or destroy cancer cells by targeting molecular changes that lead to carcinogenesis. Destroying cancer cells can be done using oncolytic viruses. By blocking antibody mediated neutralization of oncolytic viruses, Herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoproteins E and I could be used in the adjuvant treatment of cancer for improving the chances of oncolytic viruses to kill cancer cells in vivo.
Lest We Forget: Free-Thought and the Environment
Authors: Jones Kile 
Published: December 2010

Lest We Forget: Free-Thought and the Environment
In the world of modern theology, specifically Western theology, there has been a tendency to knit together religion and morality. It is partially because much work in theology is done with the assumption that since God exists God must care about human intentions and actions. The existence of God and religion, as the public manifestation of shared philosophical and moral beliefs, has been thought to impart moral awareness and behavior, as well as ground morality. Many modern theologians have given voice to sentiments like these. They equate irreligion with iniquity, freethinking with depravity, and atheism with apathy about the world, human life, and morality. This essay challenges such positions by arguing for the validity of naturalistic accounts of morality. It shows how such accounts can be applied to the treatment of our environment as well as give us the motivation to do so. From David Hume to Paul Kurtz a history of freethought is drawn and the human reasons for protecting and conserving our environment are examined.
Revision of Historical and Current Distribution of Pholiurus Pannonicus (Host.) Trin. in Slovakia
Authors: Eliáš Pavol , Dítě Daniel , Grulich Vít , Šuvada Róbert 
Published: December 2010

Revision of Historical and Current Distribution ofPholiurus Pannonicus(Host.) Trin. in SlovakiaHistorical and current occurrence of the obligate halophytePholiurus pannonicuswas studied in Slovakia during the period 2003-2009. The species had been occurring in the Podunajská nížina Lowland and the Východoslovenská nížina Lowland; 30 localities were found in total. Recently the number of localities has decreased markedly and the species was confirmed only in the Podunajská nížina Lowland. We documented only seven localities during the study. Therefore, we confirmed thatPholiurus pannonicusbelongs to the critically endangered plants of Slovak flora.
Oak forest vegetation in the northern part of the Štiavnické vrchy Mts (Central Slovakia)
Authors: Slezák Michal , Petrášová Anna 
Published: December 2010

Oak forest vegetation in the northern part of the Štiavnické vrchy Mts (Central Slovakia)The phytosociological research of the oak forest vegetation was carried out in the northern part of the Štiavnické vrchy Mts (Central Slovakia) using the standard Zürich-Montpellier approach. The data set consisting of 41 phytosociological relevés was obtained by the authors in two vegetation seasons in 2008 and 2009. The numerical classification and the ordination methods were applied to determine the main vegetation types and to explain the structure of the vegetation-environmental data matrix, respectively. Four associations within two classes were distinguished:Luzulo albidae-Quercetum petraeaeHilitzer 1932, typical for shallow, mineral-poor and acidic soils,Melico uniflorae-Quercetum petraeaeGergely 1962 occuring on mesic stands with skeletal and deeper soils,Poo nemoralis-Quercetum dalechampiiŠomšák et Háberová 1979 developing on moderately canopyopened stands in the submontane belt,Sorbo torminalis-QuercetumSvoboda ex Blažková 1962 growing on moderately acidic substrates in drier regions. The major environmental gradients responsible for variation in forest species composition was associated with soil nutrient and soil reaction following the Ellenberg indicator values as well as the measured environmental variables (C/N-ratio and soil acidity). Special attention was given to the discussion on species composition and site ecology.
European Inclusive Physical Education Training
Authors: Kudláček Martin , Ješina Ondřej , Flannagan Pat 
Published: December 2010

European Inclusive Physical Education Training
The purpose of this presentation is to introduce the outcomes of the project European Inclusive Physical Education Training (EIPET; LLP/LdV/TOI/2007/IRL-502). The project aims to tackle difficulties that arise associated with the inclusion of children with disabilities into general education; and associated current deficiencies in initial and continued physical education teacher training to deal with same. The purpose of this article is to describe job specific functions, which general PE teachers can face in inclusive physical education, and related professional competencies, which teachers should acquire in their pre-service or in-service training. The functional map was developed based on the model of service delivery titled PAPTECA to reflect systematic step in teaching children with disabilities in inclusive PE. We will discuss the implication of functional map and competence framework for teacher preparation programs in light of presented barriers and facilitators of inclusive physical education. We will provide practical examples of modules and courses build on the EIPET theoretical framework. We will discuss the possibilities and limitations related to the theoretical principles, practical training and practicum experiences working with persons with disabilities as part of EIPET module (introductory APA courses).
Information Technology and Organizational Effectiveness: Re-evaluation of the Radical Transformations 1980-2010
Authors: Sääksjärvi Markku 
Published: December 2010

Information Technology and Organizational Effectiveness: Re-evaluation of the Radical Transformations 1980-2010
The idea of this paper is to review and summarize the complex interplay between information technology (IT) and organization in stages that impacted radically both the organizational structure and the evolution of effectiveness and economic performance. We could identify five major stages where the underlying technology, the typical organizational structure, and the criteria of performance or business success changed, increasing the complexity of evaluation models proposed. It seemed that the effectiveness impacts of IT escalated from the individual to the team level, from the organizational to the virtual ecosystem level, and from the corporate to the national or global level. Therefore, the IT productivity paradox could not be refuted until 2003.
The Influence of Socio-Economic Factors upon Public Health on the Example of Podkarpackie Voivodship
Authors: Kretowicz Paweł 
Published: December 2010

The Influence of Socio-Economic Factors upon Public Health on the Example of Podkarpackie VoivodshipThis study concentrates on intraregional disparities in health and spatial distribution of socio-economic factors that may affect health outcomes. The example of Podkarpackie voivodship rural and urban areas provides viable evidence for at least the partial importance of socio-economic variables in explaining intraregional health disparities. A total of eight factors that influence hospitalization rate were distinguished for urban and rural areas. Global regression models were created using the socioeconomic factors, which succeeded in explaining a considerable amount of variation in hospitalization rates both in urban and rural areas. Unfortunately, these models failed to explain local health determinants and so more sophisticated statistical models are necessary in order to fully understand intraregional health disparities.
The Quality of Life of Suburbanities: A Case Study of the Gdańsk Agglomeration
Authors: Masik Grzegorz 
Published: December 2010

The Quality of Life of Suburbanities: A Case Study of the Gdańsk Agglomeration
The article explains the meaning of the concept of ‘quality of life’, placing emphasis on its subjective dimension. As the concept is more and more discussed in the literature, the author intends to examine the satisfaction within public spaces for which local government is responsible. According to research made in Canada it is worth measuring not only satisfaction as such but also the importance of its constituent dynamics. Therefore, a survey made in the suburbs of the Gdańsk agglomeration asked respondents about their satisfaction with public transport, roads, environment, etc., including questions about the relative importance of such issues. The combination of satisfaction and importance provide the overall quality of life. At the end of the paper the author considers if there is a chance to improve the quality of life through a brief analysis of local governments expenditure.
Sport beyond Moral Good and Evil
Authors: Kosiewicz Jerzy 
Published: December 2010

Sport beyond Moral Good and EvilSport is - and should be - an amoral phenomenon (what should not be confused with an immoral one); that is, a phenomenon which is completely independent from ethics, except of, possibly, deontological ethics which concerns professionals who have professional obligations towards their employers and other persons who are provided with and influenced by their services.Conduct according to rules of a given sport has no moral character. It has only pragmatic character, similarly as conduct in compliance with principles of the administrative code, the civil code or the penal code. Of course, when you act in accordance with rules of sports rivalry you can additionally realize also other aims - like, for example, aesthetic, spectacular or moral ones. However, in each case rules of the game and legal norms have priority, because they are the most important regulative determinant of conduct in various societies, including variously defined human teams. The above mentioned legal and sports regulations are not moral norms. They can, however, influence moral behaviours if they are in conflict with the law or rules of the game.From that viewpoint moral norms are exterritorial in their relation to assumptions and rules of a particular sport. Contestants and people responsible for them - like, for example, coaches or sports officials - as well as their employers are neither required to account for their moral beliefs, nor for their moral behaviours, if only they act in compliance with rules of sports rivalry.