bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Roles of Three Transporters, CbcXWV, BetT1, and BetT3, in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Choline Uptake for Catabolism
Authors: Malek Adel A. , Chen Chiliang , Wargo Matthew J. , Beattie Gwyn A. , Hogan Deborah A. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTPseudomonas aeruginosauses the quaternary amine choline as a carbon source, osmoprotectant, and macromolecular precursor. The importance of choline inP. aeruginosaphysiology is highlighted by the presence of multiple known and putative choline transporters encoded within its genome. This report describes the relative roles of three choline transporters, the ABC transporter CbcXWV and two symporters, BetT1 and BetT3, inP. aeruginosagrowth on choline under osmotic conditions that are physiologically relevant to eukaryotic hosts. The increased lag phases exhibited by the ΔbetT1and ΔbetT1ΔbetT3mutants relative to the wild type upon transfer to medium with choline as a sole carbon source suggested roles for BetT1 and BetT3 in cells newly exposed to choline. BetT3 and CbcXWV, but not BetT1, were sufficient to support growth on choline.betT1andbetT3expression was regulated by the repressor BetI and choline, whereascbcXWVexpression was induced by the activator GbdR and glycine betaine. The data support a model in which, upon transfer to a choline-based medium, the glycine betaine derived from choline taken up by BetT1 and BetT3 promotes subsequent GbdR-mediatedcbcXWVinduction. Furthermore, growth data indicated that the relative contributions of each transporter varied under different conditions, as BetT1 and CbcXWV were the primary choline transporters under hypo-osmolar conditions whereas BetT3 was the major choline transporter under hyperosmolar conditions. This work represents the first systematic approach to unravel the mechanisms of choline uptake inP. aeruginosa, which has the most complex bacterial choline uptake systems characterized to date.
Membrane-Bound Electron Transport in Methanosaeta thermophila
Authors: Welte Cornelia , Deppenmeier Uwe 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

The obligate aceticlastic methanogen
Methanosaeta thermophila
uses a membrane-bound ferredoxin:heterodisulfide oxidoreductase system for energy conservation. We propose that the system is composed of a truncated form of the F
420
H
2
dehydrogenase, methanophenazine, and the heterodisulfide reductase. Hence, the electron transport chain is distinct from those of well-studied
Methanosarcina
species.
Promoter Recognition and Activation by the Global Response Regulator CbrB in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Abdou Laetitia , Chou Han-Ting , Haas Dieter , Lu Chung-Dar 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

In
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
, the CbrA/CbrB two-component system is instrumental in the maintenance of the carbon-nitrogen balance and for growth on carbon sources that are energetically less favorable than the preferred dicarboxylate substrates. The CbrA/CbrB system drives the expression of the small RNA CrcZ, which antagonizes the repressing effects of the catabolite repression control protein Crc, an RNA-binding protein. Dicarboxylates appear to cause carbon catabolite repression by inhibiting the activity of the CbrA/CbrB system, resulting in reduced
crcZ
expression. Here we have identified a conserved palindromic nucleotide sequence that is present in upstream activating sequences (UASs) of promoters under positive control by CbrB and σ
54
RNA polymerase, especially in the UAS of the
crcZ
promoter. Evidence for recognition of this palindromic sequence by CbrB was obtained
in vivo
from mutational analysis of the
crcZ
promoter and
in vitro
from electrophoretic mobility shift assays using
crcZ
promoter fragments and purified CbrB protein truncated at the N terminus. Integration host factor (IHF) was required for
crcZ
expression. CbrB also activated the
lipA
(lipase) promoter, albeit less effectively, apparently by interacting with a similar but less conserved palindromic sequence in the UAS of
lipA
. As expected, succinate caused CbrB-dependent catabolite repression of the
lipA
promoter. Based on these results and previously published data, a consensus CbrB recognition sequence is proposed. This sequence has similarity to the consensus NtrC recognition sequence, which is relevant for nitrogen control.
Regulation of Growth of the Mother Cell and Chromosome Replication during Sporulation of Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Xenopoulos Panagiotis , Piggot Patrick J. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

During spore formation,
Bacillus subtilis
divides asymmetrically, resulting in two cells with different fates. Immediately after division, the transcription factor σ
F
becomes active in the smaller prespore, followed by activation of σ
E
in the larger mother cell. We recently showed that a delay in σ
E
activation resulted in the novel phenotype of two spores (twins) forming within the same mother cell. Mother cells bearing twins are substantially longer than mother cells with single spores. Here we explore the regulation of the growth and DNA replication of the mother cell. We find that length correlates with chromosome number in the mother cell. We show that replication and growth could occur after asymmetric division in mother cells with no active σ
E
. In contrast, when σ
E
was active, replication and growth ceased. In growing mother cells, with no active σ
E
, Spo0A-directed transcription levels remained low. In the presence of active σ
E
, Spo0A-directed gene expression was enhanced in the mother cells. Artificial Spo0A activation blocked mother cell growth in the absence of σ
E
. Spo0A activation blocked growth even in the absence of SirA, the Spo0A-directed inhibitor of the initiation of replication. Together, the results indicate that the burst of Spo0A-directed expression along with the activation of σ
E
provides mechanisms to block the DNA replication and growth of the mother cell.
Feed-Forward Regulation of Microbisporicin Biosynthesis in Microbispora corallina
Authors: Foulston Lucy , Bibb Mervyn 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

Lantibiotics are ribosomally synthesized, posttranslationally modified peptide antibiotics. Microbisporicin is a potent lantibiotic produced by the actinomycete
Microbispora corallina
and contains unique chlorinated tryptophan and dihydroxyproline residues. The biosynthetic gene cluster for microbisporicin encodes several putative regulatory proteins, including, uniquely, an extracytoplasmic function (ECF) σ factor, σ
MibX
, a likely cognate anti-σ factor, MibW, and a potential helix-turn-helix DNA binding protein, MibR. Here we examine the roles of these proteins in regulating microbisporicin biosynthesis. S1 nuclease protection assays were used to determine transcriptional start sites in the microbisporicin gene cluster and confirmed the presence of the likely ECF sigma factor −10 and −35 sequences in five out of six promoters. In contrast, the promoter of
mibA
, encoding the microbisporicin prepropeptide, has a typical
Streptomyces
vegetative sigma factor consensus sequence. The ECF sigma factor σ
MibX
was shown to interact with the putative anti-sigma factor MibW in
Escherichia coli
using bacterial two-hybrid analysis. σ
MibX
autoregulates its own expression but does not directly regulate expression of
mibA
. On the basis of quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) data, we propose a model for the biosynthesis of microbisporicin in which MibR functions as an essential master regulator and the ECF sigma factor/anti-sigma factor pair, σ
MibX
/MibW, induces feed-forward biosynthesis of microbisporicin and producer immunity.
Complete Genome Sequence of Polymorphum gilvum SL003B-26A1
T
, a Crude Oil-Degrading Bacterium from Oil-Polluted Saline Soil
Authors: Li Shu-Guang , Tang Yue-Qin , Nie Yong , Cai Man , Wu Xiao-Lei 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

Polymorphum gilvum
SL003B-26A1
T
is a type strain of a newly published novel species in the novel genus
Polymorphum
. It was isolated from a crude oil-polluted saline soil in Shengli Oilfield, China, and was able to use the crude oil as the sole carbon source. Here we report the complete genome of SL003B-26A1
T
and the genes likely to be involved in oil degradation and ecological adaption.
Complete Genome Sequencing of Lactobacillus acidophilus 30SC, Isolated from Swine Intestine
Authors: Oh Sejong , Roh Hanseong , Ko Hyeok-Jin , Kim Sujin , Kim Kyoung Heon , Lee Sung Eun , Chang In Seop , Kim Saehun , Choi In-Geol 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

Lactobacillus acidophilus
30SC has been isolated from swine intestines and considered a probiotic strain for dairy products because of its ability to assimilate cholesterol and produce bacteriocins. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of
Lactobacillus acidophilus
30SC (2,078,001 bp) exhibiting strong acid resistance and enhanced bile tolerance.
Genome Sequence of the Spinosyns-Producing Bacterium Saccharopolyspora spinosa NRRL 18395
Authors: Pan Yuanlong , Yang Xi , Li Jing , Zhang Ruifen , Hu Yongfei , Zhou Yuguang , Wang Jun , Zhu Baoli 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

Saccharopolyspora spinosa
is a Gram-positive bacterium that produces spinosad, a well-known biodegradable insecticide that is used for agricultural pest control and has an excellent environmental and mammalian toxicological profile. Here, we present the first draft genome sequence of the type strain
Saccharopolyspora spinosa
NRRL 18395, which consists of 22 scaffolds.
Complete Genome Sequences of Brucella melitensis Strains M28 and M5-90, with Different Virulence Backgrounds
Authors: Wang Fangkun , Hu Sen , Gao Yuzhe , Qiao Zujian , Liu Wenxing , Bu Zhigao 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

Brucella melitensis
is a Gram-negative coccobacillus bacteria belonging to the
Alphaproteobacteria
subclass. It is an important zoonotic pathogen that causes brucellosis, a disease affecting sheep, cattle, and sometimes humans. The
B. melitensis
strain M5-90, a live attenuated vaccine cultured from the
B. melitensis
virulent strain M28, has been an effective tool to control brucellosis in goats and sheep in China. Here we report the complete genome sequences of
B. melitensis
M28 and M5-90, strains with different virulence backgrounds, which will serve as a valuable reference for future studies.
Genome Sequence of Photobacterium mandapamensis Strain
svers.
1.1, the Bioluminescent Symbiont of the Cardinal Fish Siphamia versicolor
Authors: Urbanczyk Henryk , Ogura Yoshitoshi , Hendry Tory A. , Gould Alison L. , Kiwaki Naomi , Atkinson Joshua T. , Hayashi Tetsuya , Dunlap Paul V. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

Photobacterium mandapamensis
is one of three luminous
Photobacterium
species able to form species-specific bioluminescent symbioses with marine fishes. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of
P. mandapamensis
strain
svers.
1.1, the bioluminescent symbiont of the cardinal fish
Siphamia versicolor
, the first genome of a symbiotic, luminous
Photobacterium
species to be sequenced. Analysis of the sequence provides insight into differences between
P. mandapamensis
and other luminous and symbiotic bacteria in genes involved in quorum-sensing regulation of light production and establishment of symbiosis.
Genome Sequence of the Phototrophic Betaproteobacterium Rubrivivax benzoatilyticus Strain JA2
T
Authors: Mohammed Mujahid , Isukapatla Arvind , Mekala Lakshmi Prasuna , Eedara Veera Venkata Rama Prasad , Chintalapati Sasikala , Chintalapati Venkata Ramana 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

Herein we report the draft genome sequence of a phototrophic bacterium,
Rubrivivax benzoatilyticus
strain JA2
T
, which apparently is the first genome sequence report of a phototrophic member belonging to the class
Betaproteobacteria
. The unique feature of this strain is its capability to synthesize carotenoids through both spirilloxanthin and spheroidenone pathways. Strain JA2
T
produces several novel secondary metabolites, and the genome insights help in understanding the unique machinery that the strain adapted.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Chemolithoheterotrophic, Halophilic Methylotroph Methylophaga thiooxydans DMS010
Authors: Boden Rich , Ferriera Steve , Johnson Justin , Kelly Donovan P. , Murrell J. Colin , Schäfer Hendrik 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTMethylophaga thiooxydansis a mesophilic, obligately halophilic bacterium that is capable of methylotrophic growth on a range of one-carbon compounds as well as chemolithoheterotrophic growth at the expense of thiosulfate. Here we present the draft genome sequence ofMethylophaga thiooxydansDMS010 (DSM 22068T, VKM B2586T), the type strain of the species, which has allowed prediction of the genes involved in one-carbon metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, and other aspects of central metabolism.
Whole-Genome Sequences of Four Mycobacterium bovis BCG Vaccine Strains
Authors: Pan Yuanlong , Yang Xi , Duan Jia , Lu Na , Leung Andrea S. , Tran Vanessa , Hu Yongfei , Wu Na , Liu Di , Wang Zhiming , Yu Xuping , Chen Chen , Zhang Yuanyuan , Wan Kanglin , Liu Jun , Zhu Baoli 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

Mycobacterium bovis
Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the only vaccine available against tuberculosis (TB). A number of BCG strains are in use, and they exhibit biochemical and genetic differences. We report the genome sequences of four BCG strains representing different lineages, which will help to design more effective TB vaccines.
Complete Genome Sequence of Burkholderia gladioli BSR3
Authors: Seo Young-Su , Lim Jaeyun , Choi Beom-Soon , Kim Hongsup , Goo Eunhye , Lee Bongsoo , Lim Jong-Sung , Choi Ik-Young , Moon Jae Sun , Kim Jinwoo , Hwang Ingyu 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

We report the complete genome sequence of
Burkholderia gladioli
BSR3, isolated from a diseased rice sheath in South Korea.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Probiotic Strain Lactobacillus casei BD-II
Authors: Ai Lianzhong , Chen Chen , Zhou Fangfang , Wang Lei , Zhang Hao , Chen Wei , Guo Benheng 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

Lactobacillus casei
BD-II, a patented probiotic strain (U.S. patent 7,270,994 B2), was isolated from homemade koumiss in China and has been implemented in the industrial production as starter cultures. Here we report the complete genome sequence of BD-II, which shows high similarity with the well-studied probiotic BL23.
Implications of the Inability of Listeria monocytogenes EGD-e To Grow Anaerobically Due to a Deletion in the Class III NrdD Ribonucleotide Reductase for Its Use as a Model Laboratory Strain
Authors: Ofer Amos , Kreft Jürgen , Logan Derek T. , Cohen Gerald , Borovok Ilya , Aharonowitz Yair 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTListeria monocytogenesis a Gram-positive facultative intracellular bacterium that causes life-threatening diseases in humans. It grows and survives in environments of low oxygen tension and under conditions of strict anaerobiosis. Oxygen-limiting conditions may be an important factor in determining its pathogenicity.L. monocytogenesserovar 1/2a strain EGD-e has been employed intensively to elucidate the mechanisms of intracellular multiplication and virulence. Listeria possesses genes encoding class I aerobic and class III anaerobic ribonucleotide reductases (RNRs). The class III RNR consists of a catalytic subunit NrdD and an activase NrdG. Surprisingly,L. monocytogenesEGD-e, but not otherL. monocytogenesstrains or other listerial species, is unable to grow under strict anaerobic conditions. Inspection of listerial NrdD amino acid sequences revealed a six-amino acid deletion in the C-terminal portion of the EGD-e protein, next to the essential glycyl radical domain. Nevertheless,L. monocytogenesEGD-e can grow under microaerophilic conditions due to the recruitment of residual class Ia RNR activity. A three-dimensional (3D) model based on the structure of bacteriophage T4 NrdD identified the location of the deletion, which appears in a highly conserved part of the NrdD RNR structure, in the α/β barrel domain near the glycyl radical domain. The deleted KITPFE region is essential either for interactions with the NrdG activase or, indirectly, for the stability of the glycyl radical loop. Given thatL. monocytogenesEGD-e lacks a functional anaerobic RNR, the present findings are relevant to the interpretation of studies of pathogenesis with this strain specifically, in particular under conditions of low oxygen tension.
Defining the Strain-Dependent Impact of the Staphylococcal Accessory Regulator (
sarA
) on the Alpha-Toxin Phenotype of Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Zielinska Agnieszka K. , Beenken Karen E. , Joo Hwang-Soo , Mrak Lara N. , Griffin Linda M. , Luong Thanh T. , Lee Chia Y. , Otto Michael , Shaw Lindsey N. , Smeltzer Mark S. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

We demonstrate that mutation of the staphylococcal accessory regulator (
sarA
) limits the accumulation of alpha-toxin and phenol-soluble modulins (PSMs) in
Staphylococcus aureus
isolates of the USA300 clonal lineage. Degradation assays and experiments done with protease inhibitors suggested that this was due to the increased production of extracellular proteases rather than differences associated with the impact of
sarA
on transcription of the target gene (
hla
) or the accessory gene regulator (
agr
). This was confirmed by demonstrating that concomitant mutation of the gene encoding aureolysin (
aur
) reversed the alpha-toxin and PSM-deficient phenotypes of a USA300
sarA
mutant. Mutation of
sarA
had little impact on the alpha-toxin or PSM phenotypes of the commonly studied strain Newman, which is known to have a mutation in
saeS
that results in constitutive activation of the
saeRS
regulatory system, and we also demonstrate that repair of this defect resulted in the increased production of extracellular proteases and reversed both the alpha-toxin and PSM-positive phenotypes of a Newman
sarA
mutant.
Effects of Molybdate and Tungstate on Expression Levels and Biochemical Characteristics of Formate Dehydrogenases Produced by Desulfovibrio alaskensis NCIMB 13491
Authors: Mota Cristiano S. , Valette Odile , González Pablo J. , Brondino Carlos D. , Moura José J. G. , Moura Isabel , Dolla Alain , Rivas Maria G. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

Formate dehydrogenases (FDHs) are enzymes that catalyze the formate oxidation to carbon dioxide and that contain either Mo or W in a mononuclear form in the active site. In the present work, the influence of Mo and W salts on the production of FDH by
Desulfovibrio alaskensis
NCIMB 13491 was studied. Two different FDHs, one containing W (W-FDH) and a second incorporating either Mo or W (Mo/W-FDH), were purified. Both enzymes were isolated from cells grown in a medium supplemented with 1 μM molybdate, whereas only the W-FDH was purified from cells cultured in medium supplemented with 10 μM tungstate. We demonstrated that the genes encoding the Mo/W-FDH are strongly downregulated by W and slightly upregulated by Mo. Metal effects on the expression level of the genes encoding the W-FDH were less significant. Furthermore, the expression levels of the genes encoding proteins involved in molybdate and tungstate transport are downregulated under the experimental conditions evaluated in this work. The molecular and biochemical properties of these enzymes and the selective incorporation of either Mo or W are discussed.
An HflX-Type GTPase from Sulfolobus solfataricus Binds to the 50S Ribosomal Subunit in All Nucleotide-Bound States
Authors: Blombach Fabian , Launay Helene , Zorraquino Violeta , Swarts Daan C. , Cabrita Lisa D. , Benelli Dario , Christodoulou John , Londei Paola , van der Oost John 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTHflX GTPases are found in all three domains of life, theBacteria,Archaea, andEukarya. HflX fromEscherichia colihas been shown to bind to the 50S ribosomal subunit in a nucleotide-dependent manner, and this interaction strongly stimulates its GTPase activity. We recently determined the structure of an HflX ortholog from the archaeonSulfolobus solfataricus(SsoHflX). It revealed the presence of a novel HflX domain that might function in RNA binding and is linked to a canonical G domain. This domain arrangement is common to all archaeal, bacterial, and eukaryotic HflX GTPases. This paper shows that the archaeal SsoHflX, like its bacterial orthologs, binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit. This interaction does not depend on the presence of guanine nucleotides. The HflX domain is sufficient for ribosome interaction. Binding appears to be restricted to free 50S ribosomal subunits and does not occur with 70S ribosomes engaged in translation. The fingerprint1H-15N heteronuclear correlation nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum of SsoHflX reveals a large number of well-resolved resonances that are broadened upon binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit. The GTPase activity of SsoHflX is stimulated by crude fractions of 50S ribosomal subunits, but this effect is lost with further high-salt purification of the 50S ribosomal subunits, suggesting that the stimulation depends on an extrinsic factor bound to the 50S ribosomal subunit. Our results reveal common properties but also marked differences between archaeal and bacterial HflX proteins.
What constitutes consent when parents and daughters have different views about having the HPV vaccine: qualitative interviews with stakeholders: Table 1
Authors: Wood Fiona , Morris Lucy , Davies Myfanwy , Elwyn Glyn 
Published: April 2011

ObjectiveThe UK Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine programme commenced in the autumn of 2008 for year 8 (age 12–13 years) schoolgirls. We examine whether the vaccine should be given when there is a difference of opinion between daughters and parents or guardians.DesignQualitative study using semi-structured interviews.ParticipantsA sample of 25 stakeholders: 14 professionals involved in the development of the HPV vaccination programme and 11 professionals involved in its implementation.ResultsOverriding the parents' wishes was perceived as problematic and could damage the relationship between school and parents. A number of practical problems were raised in relation to establishing whether parents were genuinely against their daughter receiving the vaccine. Although many respondents recognised that the Gillick guidelines were relevant in establishing whether a girl could provide consent herself, they still felt that there were significant problems in establishing whether girls could be assessed as Gillick competent. In some areas school nurses had been advised not to give the vaccine in the absence of parental consent. None of the respondents suggested that a girl should be vaccinated against her consent even if her parents wanted her to have the vaccine.ConclusionsWhile the Gillick guidelines provide a legal framework to help professionals make judgements about adolescents consenting to medical treatment, in practice there appears to be variable and confused interpretation of this guidance. Improved legal structures, management procedures and professional advice are needed to support those who are assessing competence and establishing consent to vaccinate adolescents in a school setting.