bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three‐Dimensional Effects on Stochasticity in Non‐Axisymmetric Tori
Authors: Suzuki Y. , Geiger J. , Wiegmann C. , Liang Y. , Ohyabu N. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) effects on the stochasticity of magnetic field lines in helical devices are investigated. The stochastization due to increased plasma pressure is an intrinsic property of the stellarator/heliotron because the pressure‐gradient driven currents are the source of perturbation fields. The stochastization depends on the plasma pressure profile. In an advanced stellarator, the stochastization due to the 3D effects is smaller. However, magnetic islands in the edge are affected by 3D effects. 3D effects in a tokamak plasma are studied,too, and differences from the vacuum approximation are found (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The effect of ant mounds on overland flow and soil erodibility following a wildfire in eastern Spain
Authors: Cerdà Artemi , Doerr Stefan H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis study examines the soil hydrological and erosional effects of ant mounds during summer and winter conditions following a wildfire in scrub terrain in eastern Spain. Forty rainfall simulations (1 m2plots, 1 h duration, 78 mm h−1intensity) were carried out over plots with mounds (n= 20) and mound‐free control plots (n= 20) in August 2002, and repeated in December. By winter, some of the mound material had been removed and some vegetation regrowth occurred. Overall, mound presence increased soil erodibility in summer and winter due to the availability of highly erodible mound material. However, mound plots showed higher mean overland flow rates in summer (10·1 vs 6·9% for control plots) but lower rates in winter (59·3 vs 74·4% for control plots). This reversal is suggested to be caused by (i) post‐fire changes in ground cover and (ii) seasonal differences in antecedent soil moisture. First, immediately after burning, an absorbent ash layer covered much of the soil surface, but this was partially masked by less permeable mound material, reducing infiltration on mound plots. By winter, the ash layer had been largely removed and ash particles clogged soil surface pores, reducing overall infiltration on control plots compared to mound plots. Second, during summer, the dry soil underneath the absorbent ash cover has a high infiltration capacity. In winter, soils are near saturation, resulting in a much greater runoff coefficient. Under these wet soil conditions, the presence of macropores (i.e. nest entrances) becomes important, reducing overland flow in mound plots. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Allylic Amination of Internal Alkynes with Aromatic and Aliphatic Amines Using Polymer‐Supported Triphenylphosphane–Palladium Complex as a Heterogeneous and Recyclable Catalyst
Authors: Wagh Yogesh S. , Tambade Pawan J. , Sawant Dinesh N. , Bhanage Bhalchandra M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA facile and novel protocol for the allylic amination of internal alkynes with amines by using a polymer‐supported triphenylphosphane–palladium complex [PS–TPP–Pd] as a highly active heterogeneous reusable catalyst was developed. The catalyst exhibited remarkable activity and is reusable over five consecutive cycles. The protocol was applicable for a variety of hindered and functionalized aromatic/aliphatic amines and afforded the desired allylic products in good to excellent yield.
Synthesis of A Bis‐Macrotricyclic Host and Its Complexation with Secondary Ammonium Salts: An Acid–Base Switchable Molecular Handcuff
Authors: Guo Jia‐Bin , Xiang Jun‐Feng , Chen Chuan‐Feng 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA novel triptycene‐derived bis‐macrotricyclic host was designed and synthesized. The host was shown to form a 1:4 stable complex with 4 equiv. of dibenzylammonium salt in solution and in the solid state. Moreover, it was found that the host with multicavities could also self‐assemble with 2 equiv. of bis‐secondary ammonium salt to form a handcuff‐like structure under the tested condition ([1]0 = 3.0 mM). The complexation and decomplexation of the assembly could be further chemically controlled by the stimuli of acid and base.
New analytical portable instrument for microchip electrophoresis with electrochemical detection
Authors: Fernández‐la‐Villa Ana , Pozo‐Ayuso Diego F. , Castaño‐Álvarez Mario 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA new portable instrument that includes a high voltage power supply, a bipotentiostat, and a chip holder has been especially developed for using microchips electrophoresis with electrochemical detection. The main unit of the instrument has dimensions of 150×165×70 mm (w×d×h) and consists of a four‐outputs high voltage power supply with a maximum voltage of ±3 KV and an acquisition system with two channels for dual amperometric (DC or pulsed amperometric detection) detection. Electrochemical detection has been selected as signal transduction method because it is relatively easily implemented, since nonoptical elements are required. The system uses a lithium‐ion polymer battery and it is controlled from a desktop or laptop PC with a graphical user interface based on LabVIEW connected by serial RS232 or Bluetooth®. The last part of the system consists of a reusable chip holder for housing the microchips, which contain all the electrical connections and reservoirs for making the work with microchips easy. The performance of the new instrument has been evaluated and compared with other commercially available apparatus using single‐ and dual‐channel pyrex microchips for the separation of the neurotransmitters dopamine, epinephrine, and 3,4‐dihydroxy‐L‐phenyl‐alanine. The reduction of the size of the instrument has not affected the good performance of the separation and detection using microchips electrophoresis with electrochemical detection. Moreover, the new portable instrument paves the way for in situ analysis making the use of microchips electrophoresis easier.
High‐resolution electrophoretic separation and integrated‐waveguide excitation of fluorescent DNA molecules in a lab on a chip
Authors: Dongre Chaitanya , van Weerd Jasper , Besselink Geert A. J. , van Weeghel Rob , Vazquez Rebeca Martinez , Osellame Roberto , Cerullo Giulio , Cretich Marina , Chiari Marcella , Hoekstra Hugo J. W. M. , Pollnau Markus 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBy applying integrated‐waveguide laser excitation to an optofluidic chip, fluorescently labeled DNA molecules of 12 or 17 different sizes are separated by CE with high operating speed and low sample consumption of ∼600 pL. When detecting the fluorescence signals of migrating DNA molecules with a PMT, the LOD is as low as 2.1 pM. In the diagnostically relevant size range (∼150–1000 base‐pairs) the molecules are separated with reproducibly high sizing accuracy (>99%) and the plug broadening follows Poissonian statistics. Variation of the power dependence of migration time on base‐pair size – probably with temperature and condition of the sieving gel matrix – indicates that the capillary migration cannot be described by a simple physical law. Integrated‐waveguide excitation of a 12‐μm narrow microfluidic segment provides a spatio‐temporal resolution that would, in principle, allow for a 20‐fold better accuracy than the currently supported by state‐of‐the‐art electrophoretic separation in microchips, thereby demonstrating the potential of this integrated optical approach to fulfill the resolution demands of future electrophoretic microchips.
A SOM‐based methodology for classifying air quality monitoring stations
Authors: Alvarez‐Guerra Enrique , Molina Abel , Viguri Javier R. , Alvarez‐Guerra Manuel 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe application of mathematical tools can be necessary to provide an integrated analysis and interpretation of the abundant information that can be collected in air quality monitoring networks. This article develops a methodology based on the use of Self‐Organizing Map (SOM) artificial neural networks for integrating data about multiple measured pollutants to group monitoring stations according to their similar air quality. The proposed method considers the subsequent geographical mapping of the clusters of stations observed with the SOM, which can make it possible to detect geographically different areas but that share similar air pollution problems. This methodology is illustrated with its application to a case study in which 517 stations of the Spanish air quality monitoring network were classified considering simultaneously their levels of regulated pollutants in 2005, highlighting some implications of data normalization in the process. In particular, the use of legal limit values to normalize the concentrations of pollutants proved to be especially advisable. Results obtained with the SOM‐based methodology, when compared to classifications based directly on legislation, provided more useful classifications for further air quality management actions, and revealed that these types of tools can facilitate the design of air pollution reduction programs by discovering different areas with similar problems. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2011.
Toluene biodegradation in a two phase partitioning system—Use of a biodegradable solvent
Authors: Chikh Rebiha , Couvert Annabelle , Aït Amar Hamid , Amrane Abdeltif 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA biodegradable solvent was used in a two‐phase aqueous‐organic system for hydrophobic VOC (volatile organic compounds) elimination by activated sludge. Unlike usual two‐phase aqueous‐organic systems where the organic phase is chosen nonbiodegradable in view of its recycling, in this study the solvent was assimilated by micro‐organisms simultaneously with the VOC. The chosen solvent and VOC were hexadecane and toluene. Experiments showed in a first step that activated sludge were able to assimilate part of hexadecane at different phase ratios (5and 10% v/v) and a higher biomass growth was obtained for the lower ratio. Toluene was removed simultaneously with organic solvent elimination; cells were readily able to completely consume the toluene available at low and even at high concentrations within 48 h (0.2 and 4.3 g L−1 in the organic phase), even if they were not previously preadapted to these substrates. Consequently, a two‐phase partitioning bioreactor conception with a biodegradable solvent can be envisaged. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2011.
Identification of community‐residing individuals with dementia and their unmet needs for care
Authors: Johnston D. , Samus Q.M. , Morrison A. , Leoutsakos J.S. , Hicks K. , Handel S. , Rye R. , Robbins B. , Rabins P.V. , Lyketsos C.G. , Black B.S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackgroundInnovative approaches to the widespread delivery of evidence‐based dementia care are needed. The aims of this study were to determine whether a telephone screening method could efficiently identify individuals in the community in need of care for dementia and to develop a multidimensional needs assessment tool for identifying the type and frequency of unmet needs related to memory disorders in the home setting.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional evaluation of 292 community‐residing individuals aged 70 and older in Maryland. Participants were given a brief cognitive telephone screen. A subsample (n = 43) received a comprehensive in‐home assessment for dementia and dementia‐related needs. Cognitive, functional, behavioral, and clinical factors were assessed. The Johns Hopkins Dementia Care Needs Assessment (JHDCNA) was used to identify unmet needs related to dementia.ResultsTelephone screening for the sample took 350 h, and 27% screened positive for dementia. Virtually all participants with dementia who received an in‐home assessment had at least one unmet need, with the most frequent unmet needs being for a dementia workup, general medical care, environmental safety, assistance with ADL impairments, and access to meaningful activities. Caregivers, when present, also had a number of unmet needs, with the most common being caregiver education about dementia, knowledge of community resources, and caregiver mental health care.ConclusionsEffective and efficient means for identifying community‐residing individuals with dementia are needed so that dementia care interventions can be provided to address unmet care needs of patients and their caregivers. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lack of allelic exclusion by secondary rearrangements of tumour B‐cell receptor light chains in hairy cell leukaemia
Authors: Sozzi Elisa , Amato Teresa , Sahota Surinder S. , Nuti Sandra , Raspadori Donatella , Sicuranza Anna , Cencini Emanuele , Tosi Piero , Lauria Francesco , Forconi Francesco 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAnalyses of the tumour immunoglobulin (Ig) gene (IG) heavy (H) and light chains show heterogeneity of mutational status, but reveal common features of ongoing IGH isotype‐switching with multiple IGH isotype expression and preference of IG lambda (IGL) light chain with selective use of IGLJ3. Phenotypic and immunogenetic analyses were performed in a series of 105 HCL patients to estimate prevalence of multiple IG light chain expression by the tumour cells. By phenotype, 3/105 HCL (2.9%) expressed double tumour‐related Ig kappa (K) and L light chain proteins. By immunogenetic analysis, functional mutated double IGKI/IGKII, IGKI/IGLI and IGLI/IGLII transcripts were cloned and sequenced in 3/71 (4.2%) HCL. These latter three HCL expressed multiple IGH isotypes with mutated IGHVDJ rearrangements at the time of AID transcript expression. Most interestingly, the three cases had reinduced RAG1 transcript. In the double IGL expresser, single‐cell analysis documented co‐expression of the tumour‐related IGLs in 5/6 cells (83%). In the IGK/IGL co‐expresser, evidence of surface IgK/IgL isotype proteins confirmed functionality of the tumour‐derived transcripts. The evidence of double light chain expression in single HCs and the new observation of RAG re‐induction suggest ongoing selective influences on the BCR that may promote or maintain the HCL clone in the periphery. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of prediagnostic prostate‐specific antigen dynamics as predictors of death from prostate cancer in patients treated conservatively
Authors: O'Brien M. Frank , Cronin Angel M. , Fearn Paul A. , Savage Caroline J. , Smith Brandon , Stasi Jason , Scardino Peter T. , Fisher Gabrielle , Cuzick Jack , Møller Henrik , Oliver R. Timothy , Berney Daniel M. , Foster Christopher S. , Eastham James A. , Vickers Andrew J. , Lilja Hans ,   on behalf of the Trans‐Atlantic Prostate Group
Published: July 2010

AbstractProstate‐specific antigen (PSA) dynamics have been proposed to predict outcome in men with prostate cancer. We assessed the value of PSA velocity (PSAV) and PSA doubling time (PSADT) for predicting prostate cancer‐specific mortality (PCSM) in men with clinically localized prostate cancer undergoing conservative management or early hormonal therapy. From 1990 to 1996, 2,333 patients were identified, of whom 594 had two or more PSA values before diagnosis. We examined 12 definitions for PSADT and 10 for PSAV. Because each definition required PSA measurements at particular intervals, the number of patients eligible for each definition varied from 40 to 594 and number of events from 10 to 119. Four PSAV definitions, but no PSADT, were significantly associated with PCSM after adjustment for PSA in multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression. All four could be calculated only for a proportion of events, and the enhancements in predictive accuracy associated with PSAV had very wide confidence intervals. There was no clear benefit of PSAV in men with low PSA and Gleason grade 6 or less. Although evidence that certain PSAV definitions help to predict PCSM in the cohort exist, the value of incorporating PSAV in predictive models to assist in determining eligibility for conservative management is, at best, uncertain.
Exposure to house painting and the use of floor treatments and the risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Bailey Helen D. , Milne Elizabeth , de Klerk Nicholas H. , Fritschi Lin , Attia John , Cole Catherine , Armstrong Bruce K. ,   for the Aus‐ALL Consortium
Published: July 2010

AbstractPainting in the home has been identified as a potential risk factor for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The aim of this analysis was to investigate whether exposure to house painting or floor treatments before birth or during childhood increased the risk of childhood ALL. Data from 389 cases and 876 frequency‐matched controls were analyzed using unconditional logistic regression, adjusting for study matching variables and potential confounders. Overall, there was little evidence of an increased risk with painting inside the house in the year before the pregnancy, during the pregnancy, or after the child's birth; however, the risk appeared to be increased in certain circumstances. The odds ratio (OR) for more than three rooms being painted during pregnancy was 1.68 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01, 2.80]. The OR for someone other than the parents painting inside the house in the year before the pregnancy was 2.37 (95% CI 1.30, 4.30) and 3.07 (95% CI 1.46, 6.46) when more than three rooms were painted. The OR for the mother painting the outside of the house with oil‐based paint in the year before the pregnancy was 2.97 (95% CI 1.06, 8.33). No association was found with having floor treatments in any time period. We found some evidence of an increased risk of ALL associated with house painting. An apparently increased risk associated with someone other than the parents painting inside the house may be related to the amount of paint used and the intensity of the dose received.
Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs do not interfere with imiquimod treatment for usual type vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia
Authors: Terlou Annelinde , Kleinjan Alex , Beckmann Ilse , Heijmans‐Antonissen Claudia , van Seters Manon , Santegoets Lindy A.M. , van Beurden Marc , Helmerhorst Theo J.M. , Blok Leen J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractImiquimod has been shown to be an effective treatment for usual type vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (uVIN). Since local inflammation and burning are common side effects, patients often use nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Our study investigated whether NSAID‐use, which has been documented to inhibit the cell‐mediated immune response, interferes with the outcome of imiquimod treatment. Monocyte‐derived dendritic cells (moDCs) and Langerhans cells (moLCs) were cultured in the presence of NSAIDs. The expression of relevant surface markers (CD80, CD86, CD40, HLA‐DR, CCR6 and CCR7), stimulatory function, and cytokine production were evaluated. Furthermore, we analyzed in uVIN patients whether frequent NSAID‐use had an effect on the clinical response and on immunocompetent cell counts before and after imiquimod treatment. Although an effect was observed on the expression of moDC and moLC maturation markers, NSAIDs did not affect the ability of moDCs and moLCs to stimulate allogeneic T‐cell proliferation, or the production of cytokines in an allogeneic T‐cell stimulation assay. In agreement with this, in uVIN patients treated with imiquimod, no interference of frequent NSAID‐use with clinical outcome was observed. However, we did notice that high CD1a+ and CD207+ cell counts in frequent NSAID‐users before treatment seemed to predict a favourable response to imiquimod treatment. Our data indicate that NSAID‐use does not seem to interfere with moDC and moLC function and does not interfere with immunomodulatory properties of imiquimod in uVIN patients. Therefore, NSAIDs can safely be used to reduce imiquimod side effects in uVIN patients during treatment.
MiR‐125b targets BCL3 and suppresses ovarian cancer proliferation
Authors: Guan Yi , Yao Hailan , Zheng Zhihong , Qiu Guangrong , Sun Kailai 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMicro‐RNAs (miRNAs) important for post‐transcriptional gene expression as negative regulators are endogenous 21‐ to 23‐nucleotide noncoding RNAs. Many miRNAs are expressed in ovarian cancer (OC). In this study, we reported that miR‐125b was underexpressed in human OC specimens. Ectopic expression of miR‐125b in OC cells induced cell cycle arrest and led to reduction in proliferation and clonal formation. This inhibitory effect on OC cell growth was mediated by miR‐125b inhibition of the translation of an mRNA encoding a proto‐oncogene, BCL3. Furthermore, expression of miR‐125b suppressed the tumor formation generated by injecting OC cells in nude mice. Our results suggest that aberrantly expressed miR‐125b may contribute to OC development.
Activation of nervous system development genes in bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells following spaceflight exposure
Authors: Monticone Massimiliano , Liu Yi , Pujic Natalija , Cancedda Ranieri 
Published: July 2010

AbstractStalled cell division in precursor bone cells and reduced osteoblast function are considered responsible for the microgravity‐induced bone loss observed during spaceflight. However, underlying molecular mechanisms remain unraveled. Having overcome technological difficulties associated with flying cells in a space mission, we present the first report on the behavior of the potentially osteogenic murine bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) in a 3D culture system, flown inside the KUBIK aboard space mission ISS 12S (Soyuz TMA‐8 + Increment 13) from March 30 to April 8, 2006 (experiment “Stroma‐2”). Flight 1g control cultures were performed in a centrifuge located within the payload. Ground controls were maintained on Earth in another KUBIK payload and in Petri dishes. Half of the cultures were stimulated with osteo‐inductive medium. Differences in total RNA extracted suggested that cell proliferation was inhibited in flight samples. Affymetrix technology revealed that 1,599 genes changed expression after spaceflight exposure. A decreased expression of cell‐cycle genes confirmed the inhibition of cell proliferation in space. Unexpectedly, most of the modulated expression was found in genes related to various processes of neural development, neuron morphogenesis, transmission of nerve impulse and synapse, raising the question on the lineage restriction in BMSC. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 442–452, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Deficiency in core circadian protein Bmal1 is associated with a prothrombotic and vascular phenotype
Authors: Somanath Payaningal R. , Podrez Eugene A. , Chen Juhua , Ma Yi , Marchant Kandice , Antoch Marina , Byzova Tatiana V. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAging is associated with both the disturbances of circadian rhythms and a prothrombotic phenotype. It remains poorly understood how the circadian system regulates thrombosis, a critical outcome of aging‐related cardiovascular disease. Using multiple in vivo models, we now show that mice with genetic ablation of the core clock gene Bmal1, which display pre‐mature aging, have a dramatic prothrombotic phenotype. This phenotype is mechanistically linked to changes in the regulation of key risk factors for cardiovascular disease. These include circulating vWF, fibrinogen, and PAI‐1, all of which are significantly elevated in Bmal1−/− mice. We also show that major circadian transcriptional regulators CLOCK and Bmal1 directly regulate the activity of vWF promoter and that lack of Bmal1 results in upregulation of vWF both at mRNA and protein level. Here we report a direct regulation of vWF expression in endothelial cells by biological clock gene Bmal1. This study establishes a mechanistic connection between Bmal1 and cardiovascular phenotype. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 132–140, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.