bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cnidae in the sea anemone Sagartiogeton viduatus (Muller, 1776) (Cnidaria, Anthozoa); A comparison to cnidae in the sea anemone Metridium senile (Linnaeus, 1761) (Cnidaria, Anthozoa)
Authors: Östman Carina , Borg Fredrik , Roat Carsten , Kultima Jens Roat , Wong Sau Yu Grace 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe cnidom of the sea anemone Sagartiogeton viduatus (Muller, 1776) is described from interference‐contrast light micrographs (LMs) and scanning electron micrographs (SEMs). Special attention is given to nematocyst maturation, including the differentiation of the shaft into proximal and main regions as helical folding of the shaft wall proceeds. Comparisons are made with Metridium senile (Linnaeus, 1761), whose cnidom, with a few exceptions, is closely similar to that of S. viduatus. The two anemones possess b‐ and p‐mastigophores, p‐amastigophores, isorhizas and spirocysts. Although the majority of cnidae in S. viduatus is smaller than corresponding ones in M. senile, they are grouped into the same size classes as those of M. senile, namely small, medium and large. The main differences from M. senile cnidae are the followings: (1) Large acontia p‐amastigophores are the largest nematocysts in S. viduatus. (2) They are noticeably larger than the large acontia b‐mastigophores, and (3) they are separated from the p‐amastigophores of M. senile by the sinusoid pattern of their U‐shaped capsular matrix. (4) The large acontia b‐mastigophores are microbasic and not mesobasic as in M. Senile, and (5) they do not produce darts. (6) Another difference from M. senile is the absence of catch‐tentacle isorhizas.
Population‐based comparative effectiveness of nephron‐sparing surgery vs ablation for small renal masses
Authors: Whitson Jared M. , Harris Catherine R. , Meng Maxwell V. 
Published: May 2012

Study Type – Prognosis (cohort)Level of Evidence 2aWhat's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Case series of patients undergoing various forms of ablation show that it is technically feasible and possible for ablation to achieve short‐ and intermediate‐term cancer‐specific survival rates similar to those of controls undergoing partial nephrectomy.This is the first well‐powered study with a controlled design to compare effectiveness between partial nephrectomy and ablation.OBJECTIVE
To determine, in a population‐based cohort, if disease‐specific survival (DSS) was equivalent in patients undergoing ablation vs nephron‐sparing surgery (NSS) for clinical stage T1a renal cell carcinoma (RCC).
PATIENTS AND METHODS
A retrospective cohort study was performed using patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results cancer registry with RCC < 4 cm and no evidence of distant metastases, who underwent ablation or NSS.
Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses were performed to determine if treatment type was independently associated with DSS.
RESULTS
Between 1998 and 2007, a total of 8818 incident cases of RCC were treated with either NSS (7704) or ablation (1114).
The median (interquartile range) follow‐up was 2.8 (1.2–4.7) years in the NSS group and 1.6 (0.7–2.9) years in the ablation group, although 10% of each cohort were followed up beyond 5 years.
After multivariable adjustment, ablation was associated with a twofold greater risk of kidney cancer death than NSS (hazard ratio 1.9, 95% confidence interval 1.1–3.3, P= 0.02).
Age, gender, marital status and tumour size were also significantly associated with outcome.
The predicted probability of DSS at 5 years was 98.3% with NSS and 96.6% with ablation.
CONCLUSION
After controlling for age, gender, marital status and tumour size, the typical patient presenting with clinical stage T1a RCC, who undergoes ablation rather than NSS, has a twofold increase in the risk of kidney cancer death; however, at 5 years the absolute difference is small, and may only be realized by patients with long life expectancies.
Green tea catechins decrease oxidative stress in surgical menopause‐induced overactive bladder in a rat model
Authors: Juan Yung‐Shun , Chuang Shu‐Mien , Lee Yi‐Lun , Long Cheng‐Yu , Wu Tzu‐Hui , Chang Wei‐Chiao , Levin Robert M. , Liu Keh‐Min , Huang Chun‐Hsiung 
Published: May 2012

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Ovary hormone deficiency and the age‐related changes in post‐menopausal women are subjected to a number of urological dysfunctions, including overactive bladder syndrome. Green tea is a popular healthy drink worldwide and its extract catechin has strong anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties.EGCG, the major type of catechin, is an antioxidant polyphenol flavonoid isolated from green tea. EGCG supplement could prevent ovariectomy‐induced bladder dysfunction in a dose‐related manner through its anti‐oxidant, anti‐fibrosis and anti‐apoptosis effects.OBJECTIVE
To evaluate whether green tea extract, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), could prevent ovariectomy‐induced overactive bladder (OAB) and to investigate its antioxidant, anti‐apoptotic and anti‐fibrosis effects.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In all, 48 female Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into four groups. After bilateral ovariectomy, the first group served as the ovariectomy control, the second group received EGCG 1 µM/kg daily i.p. injection after ovariectomy surgery, and the third group received EGCG 10 µM/kg daily i.p. injection. The fourth group was taken as the sham without ovariectomy surgery. The rats were killed after 6 months after ovariectomy surgery.
Cystometrograms were performed for the measure of bladder overactivity.
Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP‐biotin nick‐end labelling (TUNEL) assay was used to evaluate apoptotic cells.
Western immunoblots were performed to determine the expressions of inflammatory markers, apoptosis‐associated proteins and oxidative stress markers.
RESULTS
Long‐term ovariectomy significantly increased non‐voiding contractions and decreased bladder compliance. Treatment with EGCG significantly increased bladder compliance and diminished non‐voiding contractions.
Ovariectomy significantly increased apoptotic cells and enhanced interstitial fibrosis in bladders. The expression of caspase‐3 significantly increased, while that of Bcl‐2 notably decreased after ovariectomy.
Inflammatory and fibrosis markers, TGF‐β, fibronectin and type I collagen expressions were significantly increased after 6 months of ovariectomy surgery. Treatment with EGCG significantly decreased TGF‐β and type I collagen expressions.
Oxidative stress markers, nitrotyrosine and protein carbonylation levels were significantly increased in the ovariectomy group. EGCG could attenuate this oxidative damage in dose‐dependent fashion.
CONCLUSIONS
Ovariectomy increased oxidative damage, enhanced voiding frequency and decreased bladder compliance.
EGCG could restore ovariectomy‐induced bladder dysfunction in a dose‐dependent fashion through antioxidant, anti‐fibrosis and anti‐apoptosis effects.
Prostate cancer diagnosis is associated with an increased risk of erectile dysfunction after prostate biopsy
Authors: Helfand Brian T. , Glaser Alexander P. , Rimar Kalen , Zargaroff Sherwin , Hedges Jason , McGuire Barry B. , Catalona William J. , McVary Kevin T. 
Published: May 2012

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?
There have been several studies that have suggested there may be a relationship between prostate biopsy and erectile function and LUTS. Previous studies have suggested a specific association between the type of local anaesthesia administered and/or the number of biopsies performed. Other studies have suggested an exacerbation of LUTS after prostate biopsy.
The present study identifies a positive cancer diagnosis as a novel characteristic that may explain a relationship between biopsy and worsening erectile function.
Objective
To evaluate prospectively the characteristics, erectile function and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) of men undergoing prostate needle biopsy (PNBx).
Patients and Methods
From 2008 to 2011, 134 men were prospectively administered the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), American Urological Association Symptom Index (AUA‐SI), and quality‐of‐life (QoL) questionnaires before and after undergoing a single 12‐core PNBx.
Comparisons of IIEF and AUA‐SI scores before and after PNBx, based upon baseline characteristics and prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis, were performed.
Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to characterize predictors of change in IIEF scores.
Results
In the 85 men who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, there were no significant differences between the mean (sd) total pre‐biopsy and the mean (sd) post‐biopsy IIEF scores: 57.8 (12.9) vs 54.3 (17.2).
Subgroup analysis showed that men who had biopsy‐proven PCa had significantly greater changes in their post‐biopsy IIEF scores compared with men without (−10.1 vs. 1.0; P < 0.001).
After specific analyses of the IIEF domains in these groups we found significant decreases in every domain, including erectile function (P = 0.01). On multivariate analyses, only PCa diagnosis was associated with a significant change in IIEF (odds ratio 7.2; P = 0.003).
There were no differences in AUA‐SI or QoL scores in the overall population or in subgroups.
Conclusions
Cancer diagnosis appears to have an adverse effect on the erectile function of men undergoing PNBx but no effect on LUTS. This study highlights a potential negative psychological confounder that may influence erectile function before the treatment of PCa.
Additional prospective trials evaluating these relationships are warranted.
Addiction and rehabilitation in autobiographical books by rock artists, 1974–2010
Authors: Oksanen Atte 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIntroduction and AimsThis paper explores excessive appetites, addiction and rehabilitation as described in the autobiographies, memoirs and diaries of rock artists.Design and MethodsThe data collection focused on autobiographical rock books written in English by internationally recognised rock artists before 2011. In total, 96 autobiographical books were published between 1974 and 2010. The mean age of the authors was 50 years and 17% of the books were by female authors. Data were encoded for: (i) addiction; (ii) the object of addiction; (iii) personal addiction; (iv) rehabilitation; (v) personal rehabilitation; and (vi) the type of recovery from the addiction.ResultsOf the books, 82% described addiction, 62% personal addiction, 57% rehabilitation and 40% personal participation in rehabilitation. The most common addictions were alcoholism, opiate addiction and cocaine addiction. Addicted rock stars described addictions differently from non‐addicts. Of addicted rock artists, 51% recovered with the help of rehabilitation, 42% self‐recovered and 7% continued the excess. There has been an increase in the prevalence of addiction in autobiographical rock books over time. In addition, it was found that gender affected the type of recovery.Discussion and ConclusionsAutobiographical books by rock artists have been published in increasing numbers in the last two decades. The artists in question have described their personal experiences of addiction and rehabilitation and discussed the problems related to alcohol, drugs and excessive behaviour. The books do not glamorise addiction or excessive lifestyles. Rather, they indicate that attitudes towards drugs and alcohol are changing in the rock business.
Metadata and providing access to e‐books
Authors: Vasileiou Magdalini , Rowley Jennifer , Hartley Richard 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn the very near future, students are likely to expect their universities to provide seamless access to e‐books through online library catalogues and virtual learning environments. A paradigm change in terms of the format of books, and especially textbooks, which could have far‐reaching impact, is on the horizon. Based on interviews with a number of key informants across several universities in the UK, this paper identifies a number of challenges associated with the creation of the essential metadata to support smooth access to e‐books within universities. These challenges arise both from internal acquisition and cataloguing processes within libraries, and from the nature and quality of vendor's e‐book metadata, and variously impact on the location of and access to e‐books. Access is further hindered by authentication controls, digital rights controls and missing links. e‐Book vendors and publishers, librarians and educational technologists need to work together to resolve these issues. In addition, there is scope for further research into the issues associated with providing access to e‐books.Practitioner NotesWhat is already known about this topic
e‐Books are an important and growing category of digital resource that are becoming central to learning and education.
Users expect easy and convenient location of and access to e‐books.
What this paper adds
Summarises issues associated with the selection of e‐books for inclusion in academic library Online Public Access Catalogues and learning platforms.
Explores the challenges associated with the creation of metadata for e‐books, which arise both from internal acquisition and cataloguing processes within libraries, and from the nature and quality of vendor's e‐book metadata.
Reports on the challenges that users experience in locating an e‐book as a result of authentication controls, digital rights controls and missing links.
Implications for practice and/or policy
Provision of access to e‐books for learning in universities is at an early stage, so it is important to listen to users and commit to continuous improvement.
Anticipating considerable growth in the use of e‐books in learning, metadata and access issues, issues which currently appear to be in the realm of academic librarians are likely to impact significantly on access to e‐books through virtual learning environments.
While, some current problems can be easily resolved, others are embedded in the approaches adopted by libraries and vendors, and collaboration towards paradigm change is necessary.
Further research should be conducted into the issues associated with metadata, cataloguing processes,and, in general, providing access to e‐books.
OPTIMAL MONETARY POLICY WITH THE STICKY INFORMATION MODEL OF PRICE ADJUSTMENT: INFLATION OR PRICE‐LEVEL TARGETING?
Authors: Arslan M. Murat 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTI investigate the optimal monetary policy in a New Keynesian macroeconomic framework with the sticky information model of price adjustment. The model is solved for optimal policy, and welfare implications of three alternative monetary policy regimes under this optimal policy are compared when there is a cost‐push shock to the economy. These monetary policy regimes are the unconstrained policy, price‐level targeting and inflation targeting regimes. The results illustrate that optimal policy depends on the degree of price stickiness and the persistence of the shock. Inflation targeting emerges as the optimal policy if prices are flexible enough or the shock is persistent enough. However, the unconstrained policy or price‐level targeting might be preferable to inflation targeting if prices are not very flexible and the shock is not very persistent. The results also show that as prices become more flexible, the welfare loss usually gets bigger.
SELF‐REPORTED ECONOMIC CONDITION AND HOME PRODUCTION: INTRA‐HOUSEHOLD ALLOCATION IN ITALY
Authors: Mangiavacchi Lucia , Rapallini Chiara 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper applies a collective model of intra‐household welfare distribution using individual self‐reported data. The model accounts for household production, and self‐reported information on economic condition is used to identify the sharing rule governing the bargaining process in the family. The theoretical framework implies a broad concept of full income, which includes household production as time allocated to domestic activities. We find that self‐reported data on economic status are useful in recovering individual shares of household income and that both wages and non‐strictly‐economic individual variables play an important role in the bargaining process determining the sharing rule in Italy.
A NOTE ON PRICING OF PRODUCT QUALITY FOR STATUS CONCERNS
Authors: Choi Kangsik 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTThe paper analyses the optimal pricing of the product quality scheme when concerns for relative standing exist among consumers. We demonstrate that if the proportion of high‐value consumers is over (respectively, under) 1/2 of the total consumers, a firm has an incentive to select a large (respectively, small) quality gap among products. Therefore, there exists a cut‐off level for status concerns, which eliminates quality differences, and the firm assigns the same quality to all the consumers. These results indicate that consumers’ qualities will reflect distortions at the top and bottom. Accordingly, the firm's profit depends on which consumer category is larger.
The Bound‐Variable Interpretation in Child Japanese: The Implicit Variable, the Anaphor Zibun, and Stripping Structures with Case Markers
Authors: Ito Masuyo 
Published: May 2012

Abstract.  This paper examines how Japanese‐speaking children interpret implicit variables and the anaphor zibun‘self’ when both are concerned with referential and quantificational subjects and antecedents in conjoined stripping structures with a case marker. In previous studies on the availability of sloppy readings in child Japanese, it has been unclear whether the attested sloppy reading really stems from LF copying of linguistic antecedents. Those studies employed null object and soo‐su‘do so’ constructions; however, there is debate about whether these constructions are instances of surface or deep anaphora.To show whether Japanese‐speaking children have unambiguous accessibility to bound‐variable or sloppy interpretations in the grammar of Japanese, I did three experiments using a stripping construction with a case marker, which is considered to involve LF copying of linguistic antecedents (Fukaya & Hoji 1999). It has been shown that Japanese‐speaking children are able to associate implicit variables and zibun as a bound variable with referential and quantificational antecedents and that sloppy readings are available in child Japanese. This study provides evidence that, in both child and adult grammars, the Japanese stripping construction with a case marker involves LF copying of an antecedent IP and is therefore an instance of surface anaphora.
Using Spatially Explicit Simulated Data to Analyze Animal Interactions: A Case Study with Brown Hyenas in Northern Botswana
Authors: Miller Jennifer A. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractNew developments in global positioning systems (GPS) and related satellite tracking technologies have facilitated the collection of highly accurate data on moving objects, far surpassing the ability to analyze them. Within geographic information science, ‘movement pattern analysis’ (MPA) has developed as a subfield that addresses concepts and theories used to explore the spatio‐temporal structure in data, although the methodological and analytical framework associated with MPA is new and still evolving. Interactions between individuals can be considered a second order property of movement and have been far less studied. The nature of interactions between individuals in a population is a fundamental aspect of a species' behavioral ecology and information on the frequency and duration of these interactions is vital to understanding mating and territorial behavior, resource use, and infectious disease epidemiology. The focus of this work was to explore how spatially explicit simulated data can be used to analyse dynamic interactions between individuals. Five different techniques that have been used to quantify dynamic interactions based on GPS data of pairs of individuals were utilised, and all were compared in the context of spatially explicit simulated data intended to represent biologically realistic null models for individual movement, and subsequently paired interactions.
An Ontology‐Driven Framework and Web Portal for Spatial Decision Support1
Authors: Li Naicong , Raskin Robert , Goodchild Michael , Janowicz Krzysztof 
Published: May 2012

AbstractNumerous systems and tools have been developed for spatial decision support (SDS), but they generally suffer from a lack of re‐usability, inconsistent terminology, and weak conceptualization. We introduce a collaborative effort by the SDS Consortium to build a SDS knowledge portal. We present the formal representation of knowledge about SDS, the various ontologies captured and made accessible by the portal, and the processes used to create them. We describe the portal in action, and the ways in which users can search, browse, and make use of its content. Finally, we discuss the lessons learned from this effort, and future development directions. Our work demonstrates how ontologies and semantic technologies can support the documentation and retrieval of dynamic knowledge in GIScience by offering flexible schemata instead of fixed data structures.
Geospatial Human‐environment Simulation through Integration of Massive Multiplayer Online Games and Geographic Information Systems
Authors: Ahlqvist Ola , Loffing Thomas , Ramanathan Jay , Kocher Austin 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis article reports on the initial development of a generic framework for integrating Geographic Information Systems (GIS) with Massive Multi‐player Online Gaming (MMOG) technology to support the integrated modeling of human‐environment resource management and decision‐making. We review Web 2.0 concepts, online maps, and games as key technologies to realize a participatory construction of spatial simulation and decision making practices. Through a design‐based research approach we develop a prototype framework, “GeoGame”, that allows users to play board‐game‐style simulations on top of an online map. Through several iterations we demonstrate the implementation of a range of design artifacts including: real‐time, multi‐user editing of online maps, web services, game lobby, user‐modifiable rules and scenarios building, chat, discussion, and market transactions. Based on observational, analytical, experimental and functional evaluations of design artifacts as well as a literature review, we argue that a MMO GeoGame‐framework offers a viable approach to address the complex dynamics of human‐environmental systems that require a simultaneous reconciliation of both top‐down and bottom‐up decision making where stakeholders are an integral part of a modeling environment. Further research will offer additional insight into the development of social‐environmental models using stakeholder input and the use of such models to explore properties of complex dynamic systems.