bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age‐related effects of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection and subsequent asthma exacerbation in children
Authors: Ha Eun Kyo , Jin Joo Ok , Kim Ju Hee , Shin Jeewon , Lee Gi Chun , Cha Hye Ryeong , Choi Sun Hee , Han Man Yong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundMycoplasma pneumoniae causes community‐acquired pneumonia in children and increases asthma risk, but large studies are lacking.ObjectiveTo assess the link between M. pneumoniae infection and to asthma exacerbation, in children with allergies, and age of infection impact.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study analyzed medical records of South Korean children between January 2002 and December 2017. The study's exposure was hospitalization with an M. pneumoniae‐related diagnosis, and the outcome was defined as asthma exacerbation, confirmed by hospitalization at least 6 months after M. pneumoniae infection, with alternative validation using asthma diagnosis and systemic steroid prescription records. Hazard ratios (HRs) for asthma exacerbation risk were estimated for the matched cohort using a Cox proportional hazards model stratified by allergic comorbidities. Time‐dependent covariates and age‐stratified exposure groups were used to calculate odds ratios.ResultsThe study included 84,074 children with M. pneumoniae infection and 336,296 unexposed children. Follow‐up for 12.2 ± 2.3 years found the exposed group had a significant risk of asthma exacerbation (HR 2.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.67−3.06) regardless of allergic comorbidities. The risk was highest (over threefold) in children infected between 24 and 71 months. Sensitivity analysis using an alternative definition of the outcome showed an HR of 1.38 (95% CI 1.35−1.42), further supporting the association between M. pneumoniae infection and asthma exacerbation.ConclusionM. pneumoniae infection was significantly associated with an increased risk of subsequent asthma exacerbation regardless of allergic comorbidities. Further research needed for understanding and confirmation.
Reproducible preclinical models of androgen receptor driven human prostate cancer bone metastasis
Authors: Yin JuanJuan , Daryanani Asha , Lu Fan , Ku Anson T. , Bright John R. , Alilin Aian Neil S. , Bowman Joel , Lake Ross , Li Chennan , Truong Tri M. , Twohig Joseph D. , Mostaghel Elahe A. , Ishikawa Masaki , Simpson Mark , Trostel Shana Y. , Corey Eva , Sowalsky Adam G. , Kelly Kathleen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundPreclinical models recapitulating the metastatic phenotypes are essential for developing the next‐generation therapies for metastatic prostate cancer (mPC). We aimed to establish a cohort of clinically relevant mPC models, particularly androgen receptor positive (AR+) bone metastasis models, from LuCaP patient‐derived xenografts (PDX) that reflect the heterogeneity and complexity of mPC.MethodsPDX tumors were dissociated into single cells, modified to express luciferase, and were inoculated into NSG mice via intracardiac injection. The progression of metastases was monitored by bioluminescent imaging. Histological phenotypes of metastases were characterized by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining. Castration responses were further investigated in two AR‐positive models.ResultsOur PDX‐derived metastasis (PDM) model collection comprises three AR+ adenocarcinomas (ARPC) and one AR− neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEPC). All ARPC models developed bone metastases with either an osteoblastic, osteolytic, or mixed phenotype, while the NEPC model mainly developed brain metastasis. Different mechanisms of castration resistance were observed in two AR+ PDM models with distinct genotypes, such as combined loss of TP53 and RB1 in one model and expression of AR splice variant 7 (AR‐V7) expression in another model. Intriguingly, the castration‐resistant tumors displayed inter‐ and intra‐tumor as well as organ‐specific heterogeneity in lineage specification.ConclusionGenetically diverse PDM models provide a clinically relevant system for biomarker identification and personalized medicine in metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer.
A critique on the use of the belief statistic for process monitoring
Authors: Haq Abdul , Woodall William H. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRecently, several control charts have been proposed in the statistical process monitoring literature based on a belief statistic. In this article we compare the zero‐state average run‐lengths and conditional expected delay profiles of the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) and belief statistic‐based (BSB) charts. We show that an ordinary EWMA chart is far better than the BSB chart when detecting delayed shifts in the mean of a normally distributed process.
Protocol for Nonlinear State Discrimination in Rotating Condensate
Authors: Geller Michael R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNonlinear mean field dynamics enables quantum information processing operations that are impossible in linear one‐particle quantum mechanics. In this approach, a register of bosonic qubits (such as neutral atoms or polaritons) is initialized into a symmetric product state through condensation, then subsequently controlled by varying the qubit‐qubit interaction. An experimental implementation of quantum state discrimination, an important subroutine in quantum computation, with a toroidal Bose–Einstein condensate is proposed. The condensed bosons here are atoms, each in the same superposition of angular momenta 0 and , encoding a qubit. A nice feature of the protocol is that only a readout of individual quantized circulation states (not superpositions) is required.
Entangling Two Giant Atoms via a Topological Waveguide
Authors: Luo Wen‐Bin , Yin Xian‐Li , Liao Jie‐Qiao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe entanglement generation of two two‐level giant atoms coupled to a photonic waveguide, which is formed by a Su–Schrieffer–Heeger (SSH) type coupled‐cavity array is studied. Here, each atom is coupled to the waveguide through two coupling points.The two‐atom separate‐coupling case is studied, and 16 coupling configurations are considered for the coupling‐point distributions between the two atoms and the waveguide. Quantum master equations are derived to govern the evolution of the two atoms and characterize atomic entanglement by calculating the concurrence of the two‐atom states. It is found that the two giant‐atom entanglement depends on the coupling configurations and the coupling‐point distance of the giant atoms. In particular, the entanglement dynamics of the two giant atoms in 14 coupling configurations depend on the dimerization parameter of the SSH waveguide. According to the self‐energies of the two giant atoms, it is found that ten of these 16 coupling configurations can be divided into five pairs. It is also showed that the delayed sudden birth of entanglement between the two giant atoms is largely enhanced in these five pairs of coupling configurations. This work will promote the study of quantum effects and coherent manipulation in giant‐atom topological‐waveguide‐QED.
Prevalence and factors associated with viral non‐suppression in people living with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy in sub‐Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Mosha Idda H. , Nyondo Goodluck G. , Munishi Castory G. , Njiro Belinda J. , Bwire George M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDespite advances in HIV treatment, the burden of viral non‐suppression (VNS) remains a treatment success concern, particularly in Sub‐Saharan African (SSA) countries. We determined the prevalence and factors associated with VNS for people living with HIV (PLHIV) receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). This review, registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023470234), conducted an extensive search for evidence, focusing on PLHIV living in SSA on ART from the year 2000 to 19th October 2023, across databases including PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus. A total of 2357 articles were screened, from which 32 studies met the criteria for the final analysis, involving 756,620 PLHIV of all ages. The pooled prevalance for VNS was found to be 20.0% (95% CI: 15.43%–25.52%, I2 = 100%, p‐value <0.01) Children and adolescents demonstrated the highest prevalence of VNS (viral load ≥1000 copies/mL) at 27.98% (95% CI: 21.91%–34.97%, I2 = 94%, p‐value <0.01). The study revealed various factors associated with increased odds (risk) of VNS, p‐value <0.05. These factors encompassed socio‐demographics such as sex, age, education level, and marital status. Additionally, aspects related to HIV care, such as the facility attended, HIV status disclosure and adherence exhibited higher odds of VNS. Suboptimal ART adherence, longer duration on ART, socio‐economic factors, lack of family and social support, presence of co‐morbidities, advanced WHO HIV clinical stage, ART regimens, lower CD4+ count, abnormal body mass index, history of treatment interruptions, and progression of HIV illness were associated with VNS. Furthermore, behavioural/psychological factors including depression, substance use, negative perceptions towards ART, experiences of abuse, alcohol use, stigma, and certain patterns of sexual behaviour were also identified as factors for VNS. The occurrence of two VNS to every ten PLHIV on ART poses a threat to the progress made towards reaching the third 95% UNAIDS target in SSA. Additionally, these findings highlight the intricate interplay of various factors, encompassing patient characteristics, behavioural patterns, sociocultural influences, and pharmacological factors, all impacting VNS among PLHIV. Recognising its multifaceted nature, we recommend designing and implementing high impact interventions to effectively address VNS in SSA.
Doing good while making profits: A typology of business models for social ventures
Authors: De Cuyper Lien , Clarysse Bart , Wright Mike 
Published: May 2024

AbstractResearch SummaryBuilding on business model research and the social entrepreneurship literature, we conceptually develop a set of business model choices for social ventures. These choices specify the scope of venture beneficiaries, the extent that customers and beneficiaries overlap, and how social meaning is attached to the venture's value proposition. Concurrent configurations of these choices give rise to four types of social business models: (1) Social Stimulators, (2) Social Providers, (3) Social Producers, and (4) Social Intermediaries. We illustrate this typology using data from seven social ventures and formulate propositions about the implications these business model choices have for a venture's value creation and value capture potential. We then discuss contributions to the literature on social ventures and social entrepreneurship, and the literature on business models.Managerial SummaryIn this article, we propose a framework outlining key business model choices for social ventures. These choices include the scope of target beneficiaries of the venture, the degree of overlap between customers and beneficiaries, and how the venture communicates its social mission through its value proposition. By combining these choices in different ways, we identify four distinct types of social business models which we call Social Stimulators, Social Providers, Social Producers, and Social Intermediaries. To bring this framework to life, we have examined data from seven real‐world social ventures, offering concrete examples to illustrate each type. For each of these four types of social business models, we have also formulated propositions about how the business model choices impact a venture's value creation and value capture potential.
Visible‐Light‐Mediated Oxidative Desulfurization‐Oxygenation in Cyclic Thio‐Amide
Authors: Das Partha , Das Paramita , Mondal Souvik , Ray Suman 
Published: May 2024

AbstractVisible‐light assisted a very simple and mild protocol for photocatalytic oxidative transformation of thioamide to amide group has been realized in cyclic system. For this purpose 5‐arylalkylidene‐rhodanine derivatives were chosen as model substrates to afford thiazolidine‐2,4‐diones. Light mediated reactions are intrinsically beneficial, since activation occurs by cleanest energy source light. Here K2S2O8 is used as terminal oxidant which does not leave any hazardous and corrosive waste to discard after the reaction fostering the practices of green chemistry. This is the first report of conversion of thioxo group in rhodanine derivatives into the corresponding oxygen analogue by visible light photo‐catalytic method. The reaction was very general since various 5‐arylalkylidene‐rhodanines underwent the reaction smoothly affording high product yields. Moreover, the broadness of this protocol was further established by applying this reaction on other systems like 3,4‐dihydropyrimidine‐2(1H)‐(thio)ones.
Mechanism Studies in Electrochemical Depolymerization Processes of Alkali and Organosolv Lignin
Authors: Liu Fuqiao , Zeng Qiang , Guo Zixuan , Gao Mengqiao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTo better understand the process and mechanism of lignin structural changes and relative product formation during PbO2 anode electrolysis, a Ti/Sb−SnO2/PbO2 composite electrode has been prepared and utilized for the alkaline electrolytic oxidation of both alkali lignin (AL) and bagasse organosolv lignin (OL). By combining electrochemical measurements, in‐situ FTIR, 2D‐HSQC NMR, and product distribution analysis, we not only investigate the impact of influence factors on the process of lignin depolymerization, but also reveal the depolymerization mechanism from the whole process of lignin structural changes in details. Under certain electrolysis conditions, the highest vanillin yield, 10.1 mg g−1, has been obtained through the electrolysis of alkali lignin, whereas the highest syringaldehyde yield of 4.0 mg g−1 has been achieved during the electrolysis of organic solvent lignin. In particular, AL mainly performs depolymerization through the selective cleavage C−C bonds to produce a series of G unit monomer products of vanillin, acetovanillone, and vanillic acid. By contrast, the depolymerization of OL shows significant selectivity in H units. Particularly, the production of the major H unit monomer product of 4‐vinylphenol has been confirmed by IR spectroelectrochemical studies from the oxidation and decarboxylation of p‐coumaric acid unit.
Highly Active Cu@NC Catalyst Derived from Porous Organic Polymer for Solvent‐Free Coupling of Acyl Chlorides with Alkynes
Authors: Tang Chenghao , Song Chaoyang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCopper promoted Sonogashira coupling has recently emerged as an attractive route for synthesizing α, β‐Acetylenic ketones (ynones). In this study, a porous organic polymer based on [2,6‐Bis(1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)pyridine] (BTP) was prepared through oxidative coupling. By incorporating copper salt and subsequent pyrolysis, copper encapsulated N‐doped carbon materials were obtained. The resulting copper/carbon materials exhibited excellent catalytic performance for the coupling of acyl chlorides and alkynes due to their large surface area, abundant mesopores, and uniformly distributed metal nanoparticles. The reaction proceeded efficiently, yielding ynones with good to excellent yields at room temperature within a short reaction time (4 h) using only 0.4 mol % catalyst. Compared to previously reported copper nanocatalysts, the N‐doped carbon materials supported copper catalyst demonstrated higher catalytic activity and operated at lower reaction temperatures. Additionally, the catalyst displayed reliable recyclability without any significant loss in catalytic activity.
Enamino Barbiturates as Antiproliferative and Antimicrobial Agents: Studies on Synthesis, Biological Activities, and Molecular Modeling
Authors: Shtaiwi Majed , Abu Sarhan Ayman H. , Aljaar Nayyef , Shtaiwi Amneh , Abu‐Sini Mohammad , Alwahsh Mohammad , Hamadneh Lama , Malakar Chandi C. , Abu‐Safieh Kayed A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the present study, the aimed enamines 3 a–j were synthesized with yield ranging between 65 and 81 % by the reaction of 5‐((dimethylamino)methylene)‐1,3‐dimethylpyrimidine‐2,4,6(1H,3H,5H) ‐trione (2) with different amines at room temperature (25 °C). The structures of all synthesized compounds were characterized using different spectroscopic techniques. Molecular docking studies of the new compounds 3 a–j were carried out with human estrogen receptor (hER) enzyme to evaluate their activities as an effective drug molecules. It was investigated that the compounds 3 b, 3 e, 3 f and 3 j revealed the best binding affinities. All new compounds were evaluated towards antifungal activities, which conceded that the compound 3 e displayed a remarkable antifungal activity compared to the Fluconazole and Nystatin, and its Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) found to be 0.011 mM, while for Fluconazole the MIC value exhibited at 0.046 mM. Additionally, the toxicity for the new compounds found to be better than tamoxifen on MCF‐7 cells and among these molecules, the compound 3 e displayed the lowest IC50 value.
Modified Sodium Alginate for Degradable Supramolecular Plastic with High Mechanical Strength
Authors: Liu Yingying , Niu Qianjie , Chen Zhaomin , Zhang Binchi , Jiang Jiwei , Zhang Hui , Song Bo , Dong Bin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPlastic products are widely used in daily life. However, due to the non‐degradability, these plastics pose a great threat to the ecological environment and may even endanger human's health or animal's life. In this paper, we report a degradable and reusable supramolecular plastic. This plastic consists of FeCl3 and polyethylene glycol (PEG) modified sodium alginate (SA). Notably, this plastic exhibits excellent mechanical properties, i. e. it can withstand a load as heavy as 15 kg. This superior mechanical property originates from the double crosslinked network formed based on coordination interaction between Fe3+ and −COOH and hydrogen bonding among −OH, −COOH and oxygen atom from PEG. In addition, this plastic can be reused for multiple times with negligible change in the mechanical strength and is fully degradable. We thus believe the supramolecular plastic reported in the current study may show great promises in the practical fields.
A Lead‐Free Tin Organic‐Inorganic Hybrid Material with Reversible Phase Transition and Fluorescent Properties
Authors: Wang Meng‐Na , Luo Yi‐Xin , Zhao Meng , Zhao Man , Wang Fang‐Xin , Fan Xiao‐Wei , Tan Yu‐Hui 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article reports a novel lead‐free phase‐transition material (C8H10ClN)2SnCl6 (1), which undergoes a high‐temperature phase change at close to 377 K. The multi temperature powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) also confirmed the phase transition occurred in compound 1. Significantly, compound 1 produces light emission at 452 nm. Variable temperature fluorescence studies indicate that the spectral emission maximum of compound 1 remains substantially fixed at 452 nm with increasing temperatures, implying the presence of a certain degree of photoluminescence stability in compound 1. Furthermore, compound 1 is characterized by exceptional semiconductor attributes, possessing a band gap of 3.76 eV. This pioneering study presents an innovative option for optimizing the growth and practical implementation of Sn (IV)‐based organic‐inorganic hybrid perovskite phase‐transition materials, and offers a strategic avenue to create novel lead‐free, eco‐friendly materials.
Single‐Pd‐Site Catalyst Induced by Different Dimensional Nitrogen of N‐Doping Carbon for Efficient Hydroaminocarbonylation of Alkynes
Authors: Cai Yutong , Zhang Yanan , Song Xiangen , Feng Siquan , Yuan Qiao , Li Xingju , Qiao Panzhe , Li Bin , Mu Jiali , Yan Li , Wu Xiao‐feng , Ding Yunjie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe unsaturated amides are traditionally synthesized by acylation of carboxylic acids or hydration of nitrile compounds but are rarely investigated by hydroaminocarbonylation of alkynes using heterogeneous single‐metal‐site catalysts (HSMSCs). Herein, single‐Pd‐site catalysts supported on N‐doping carbon (NC) with different nitrogen dimensions inherited from corresponding metal‐organic‐framework precursors are successfully synthesized. 2D NC‐supported single‐Pd‐site (Pd1/NC‐2D) exhibited the best performance with near 100% selectivity and 76% yield of acrylamide for acetylene hydroaminocarbonylation with better stability, superior to those of Pd1/NC‐3D, single‐metal‐site/nanoparticle coexisting catalyst, and nanoparticle catalyst. The coordination environment and molecular evolution of the single‐Pd‐site during the process of acetylene hydroaminocarbonylation on Pd1/NC‐2D are detailly illuminated by various characterizations and density functional theoretical calculations (DFT). DFT also showed the energy barrier of rate‐determining step on Pd1/NC‐2D is lower than that of Pd1/NC‐3D. Furthermore, Pd1/NC‐2D catalyst illustrated the general applicability of the hydroaminocarbonylation for various alkynes.
Anion Structure Regulation of Cobalt Silicate Hydroxide Endowing Boosted Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Wang Yang , Li Longmei , Wang Shengguo , Dong Xueying , Ding Chongtao , Mu Yang , Cui Miao , Hu Tao , Meng Changgong , Zhang Yifu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTransition metal silicates (TMSs) are attempted for the electrocatalyst of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) due to their special layered structure in recent years. However, defects such as low theoretical activity and conductivity limit their application. Researchers always prefer to composite TMSs with other functional materials to make up for their deficiency, but rarely focus on the effect of intrinsic structure adjustment on their catalytic activity, especially anion structure regulation. Herein, applying the method of interference hydrolysis and vacancy reserve, new silicate vacancies (anionic regulation) are introduced in cobalt silicate hydroxide (CoSi), named SV‐CoSi, to enlarge the number and enhance the activity of catalytic sites. The overpotential of SV‐CoSi declines to 301 mV at 10 mA cm−2 compared to 438 mV of CoSi. Source of such improvement is verified to be not only the increase of active sites, but also the positive effect on the intrinsic activity due to the enhancement of cobalt‐oxygen covalence with the variation of anion structure by density functional theory (DFT) method. This work demonstrates that the feasible intrinsic anion structure regulation can improve OER performance of TMSs and provides an effective idea for the development of non‐noble metal catalyst for OER.
High‐Energy Facet Engineering for Electrocatalytic Applications
Authors: Wang Rui , Lee Jong‐Min 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe design of high‐energy facets in electrocatalysts has attracted significant attention due to their potential to enhance electrocatalytic activity. In this review, the significance of high‐energy facets in various electrochemical reactions are highlighted, including oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR), and carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CRR). Their importance in various electrochemical reactions and present strategies for constructing high‐energy facets are discussed, including alloying, heterostructure formation, selective etching, capping agents, and coupling with substrates. These strategies enable control over crystallographic orientation and surface morphology, fine‐tuning electrocatalytic properties. This study also addresses future directions and challenges, emphasizing the need to better understand fundamental mechanisms. Overall, high‐energy facets offer exciting opportunities for advancing electrocatalysis.