bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
0147 Social Jetlag and Poor Sleep Quality Predict Worse Grades in First-Year College Students
Authors: Fitzsimmons Corinne , Carter Jason , Scullin Michael 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Poor sleep is common amongst college students and is hypothesized to negatively impact academic performance. However, much of the work on this topic has been cross-sectional and not accounted for fluid intelligence or baseline mental health, thereby limiting understanding of causal direction. In the current work, we examined whether sleep duration, quality, and timing in the first year of college were predictive of end-of-year grade point average (GPA) when accounting for known predictors such as demographics, mental health, and fluid intelligence.

Methods
First year college students (N=491, Mage=18.3; 71.1% female; 54.5% non-white; mean ACT=29.6) were recruited to complete a baseline session that included measures of sleep quality (PSQI), social jetlag (difference in midpoint of sleep across weekdays and weekends), chronotype (morningness-eveningness questionnaire), daytime sleepiness (Epworth sleepiness scale), mental health (depression and anxiety inventories), and fluid intelligence (Raven’s progressive matrices). End-of-year cumulative GPA data were extracted from university records.

Results
Students averaged 6.78 hours of total sleep time, 88.3 minutes of social jet lag, and approached clinically poor levels of global sleep quality (M=5.77) and daytime sleepiness (M=9.05). After adjusting for depression symptoms, trait anxiety, fluid intelligence, age, race/ethnicity, and sex (R2=.09, F=6.79, p&lt;.001), the sleep measures explained significant unique variance in end-of-year GPA (delta R2=.05, p&lt;.001). The strongest individual predictors of lower GPAs were poorer global sleep quality (β=-.154, p=.02) and greater social jetlag (β=-.15, p=.002; sleepiness and chronotype were not significant predictors in adjusted models, ps&gt;.05). Sleep quality and social jetlag remained significant predictors of GPA when additionally controlling for standardized test scores (ACT; ps&lt;.05). Students who completed the year with a perfect GPA (4.0) showed 1.2 points better global sleep quality (p=.006) and 23 min lower social jetlag (p=.04) than the remaining students, after correcting for demographic, mental health, and intelligence factors.

Conclusion
Poor sleep quality and social jetlag early in college are independent risk factors for lower future academic success, even when accounting for mental health, fluid intelligence, and demographics. There is a need for individual and environmental interventions to improve sleep health in first year students.

Support (if any)
Support provided by the National Science Foundation (1920730).
0153 Look Before Leaping: Relationship Between Circadian Preference, Sleep Quality, Fatigue, and Injury Risk in Soldiers
Authors: Paulus Erin , Eldringhoff Hannah , Huang Kathleen , Chaudhury Sidhartha , Mantua Janna , Jones Rachell 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
In a previous study, we found that morning circadian preference and increased fatigue were associated with increased injuries during a nocturnal parachute jump. The purpose of the present study was to replicate this finding, and expand upon it by determining whether, and the extent to which, subjective sleep ratings are also predictive of injury during parachute jumps.

Methods
Participants included 27 male active duty Soldiers aged 23.7 ± 2.9 years (M ± SD). Participants completed a series of questionnaires at baseline (1 week prior to jump), pre-jump (1 hour before), and post-jump (1 hour after). Questionnaires about sleep; insomnia symptoms; circadian preference (morning vs. evening); injuries; and subjective experiences of sleepiness, fatigue, and jump quality were administered.

Results
Circadian preference was correlated with ‘sleep quality over the previous month’ (r = -.537, p &lt; .01) and week (r = -.502, p &lt; .01) with those indicating evening preference reporting poorer sleep quality. There was no correlation between circadian preference and average total sleep time. No participants had Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) scores above the clinical threshold for insomnia. However, those indicating an evening circadian preference had higher ISI scores (r = .635, p &lt; 0.001). No significant correlations between circadian preference and previous jump injuries, subjective ratings of parachute landing fall (PLF) quality, or landing hardness were found. Likewise, momentary sleepiness and subjective fatigue were not significantly correlated with PLF or landing hardness.

Conclusion
In this sample of young Soldiers, evening circadian preference was associated with poorer subjective sleep quality and more insomnia-related symptoms. However, neither circadian preference nor fatigue level was significantly correlated with number of previous jump injuries or subjective ratings of jump performance. Given the small sample size and the generally high skill level of the population of parachutists, it is possible that the present n was not sufficient to detect an effect of circadian preference on injuries or jump quality. In future studies, objective measures of sleep should be added, the n should be increased, and the subject sample should include parachutists with a broader range of experience and training.

Support (if any)
Department of Defense Military Operational Medicine Research Program (MOMRP)
0169 Nighttime Safety of Daridorexant: Response to Noise Stimuli, and Effects on Postural Stability, Walking and Memory
Authors: Muehlan Clemens , Koopmans Ingrid , Magliocca Massimo , Vaillant Cedric , Zuiker Rob , Dingemanse Jasper 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Daridorexant is a dual orexin receptor antagonist approved for the treatment of adult patients with insomnia disorder. Following single-dose administration at bedtime to healthy non-elderly and elderly subjects, pharmacodynamics (PD) and safety were investigated in the middle of the night (MOTN) after forced awakening to a noise stimulus.

Methods
Double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, 3-way crossover study (placebo, 25, and 50 mg daridorexant in the evening) in 36 male and female non-elderly and elderly subjects (1:1 sex/age ratio). Four h after bedtime administration, the auditory awakening threshold (AAT) was determined (increasing noise signal up to 100 dB). Next, the main PD endpoint postural stability (body sway) as well as basic functional mobility (Timed Up and Go (TUG) test), and cognitive function/memory using the Visual Verbal Learning Test (VVLT) were assessed. Thereafter, subjects returned to bed.

Results
All 36 subjects completed the study. The average AAT was approximately 60 dB across treatments with no differences between daridorexant and placebo. Body sway showed a small, dose-dependent increase vs placebo with differences in least square means (LSM) 95% confidence interval (CI) of 36.7 (2, 71) and 65.9 (31, 100) mm, for daridorexant 25 and 50 mg, respectively. The overall increased body sway was driven by non-elderly subjects, as effects in elderly were similar to placebo. Subjects completed the TUG test in 6–8 s across treatments, with a small, dose-dependent increase vs placebo with a difference in LSM (95% CI) of 0.14 (0.02, 0.27) and 0.47 (0.34, 0.59) s for daridorexant 25 and 50 mg, respectively. The VVLT (immediate and delayed number of correctly recalled words) showed minimal differences in LSM (95% CI) to placebo of up to –1.0 (–1.5, –0.5) and –0.7 (–1.2, –0.2) words for daridorexant 25 and 50 mg, respectively. During delayed word recognition, subjects correctly recognized 77–79% true positive and true negative words across treatments with no difference to placebo for either daridorexant dose.

Conclusion
Following bedtime administration, daridorexant preserved the ability to respond to external noise stimuli and subjects were able to operate safely during the night.

Support (if any)
Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd
0177 Improving Watchstanding Schedules on US Navy Watchfloors
Authors: Shattuck Nita , Matsangas Panagiotis , McClernon Christopher 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
This project assessed the work/rest schedules of shift workers on information warfare enterprise (IWE) watchfloors. Our objectives were to document and evaluate the watchbills used, assess the watchstanders’ state, and develop fatigue mitigation recommendations tailored to the watchfloors.

Methods
Data were collected from two US Navy watchfloors (N=82 participants; 62.2% males, median age of 27 years (range 19 to 54 years, 85.4% enlisted). Using a quasi-experimental, longitudinal approach, participants wore ŌURA rings and completed questionnaires at the beginning and end of the study (Epworth Sleepiness Scale-ESS; Insomnia Severity Index-ISI; Profile of Mood States-POMS). The first watchfloor used a 4-section/12hr-shift watchbill; the other used a 6-section/8hr-shift watchbill. Watchstanders rotated between all shifts in their watchbill every 30 days. The sleep/wake patterns of watchstanders were modeled with the Sleep, Activity, Fatigue, and Task Effectiveness model implemented in the Fatigue Avoidance Scheduling Tool (SAFTE/FAST).

Results
Participants slept a median 6.7hrs/day with 62.3% sleeping &lt; 7hrs/day and 14.5% sleeping &lt; 6hrs/day. Approximately 89% of participants were classified as poor sleepers, 30.5% reported symptoms of excessive daytime sleepiness, 20.7% reported symptoms of insomnia, and 20.7% had all three conditions. Approximately 74% of participants scored worse than the 50th percentile of the normal adult population on total mood disturbance; 79.0% scored worse on tension-anxiety, 80.3% on vigor-activity, 72.8% on fatigue, and 80.3% on confusion-bewilderment subscales (all p&lt; 0.05; POMS). While the watchstanders preferred the 6-section/8hr-shift watchbill compared to the 4-section/12hr-shift watchbill, no differences were observed in any of the variables of interest (daytime alertness, insomnia symptoms, mood, daily sleep duration, napping, long sleep episode variables; all p&gt;0.10).

Conclusion
The 6-section/8hr-shift watchbill with shorter shifts and more duty sections is generally preferable to the 4-section/12hr-shift watchbill. Based on these findings, FAST model predictions, background literature on shiftwork, and other studies conducted by the NPS Crew Endurance Team, we developed fatigue mitigation guidelines and recommendations.

Support (if any)
This study was funded by the Naval Postgraduate School, Naval Research Program (NRP Project ID: NPS-23-N055-A).
0182 Distinct Spectral Pattern of Cognitive, Drowsiness, and Fatigue-related Theta/alpha EEG Activity During Wakefulness
Authors: Beldzik Ewa , Yang Zinong , Williams Stephanie , Lewis Laura 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Increases in midfrontal theta (4-8 Hz) EEG power have been observed in two markedly different conditions: during high cognitive demand, and when experiencing sleepiness or tiredness. Theta power increases during engagement in attention, working memory, or cognitive control processes. However, sleep restriction and mental fatigue also cause widespread increases in theta/alpha (9-13 Hz) power. Interestingly, these phenomena with potentially similar topography have contradictory interpretations: first, as a marker of cognitive control; and second, as local sleep waves in the awake state, which reflect homeostatic sleep pressure that is detrimental to cognition.

Methods
In this study (N=22), we explored this paradox by implementing a psychomotor vigilance task in an overnight EEG study, during a 12-hour sleep deprivation period. We investigated which EEG dynamics were linked to sleep pressure, time-on-task, and task performance. We applied a linear mixed-effect model incorporating time-of-night, run number, and response time (RT) variables to pre-stimulus and post-stimulus time epochs in a trial-by-trial fashion. Additionally, another model accounting for omission vs. correct trials was run to capture spectral dynamics of attentional lapses.

Results
In line with the views that theta reflects ongoing cognitive processing, midfrontal low-theta power (peak at 4.2 Hz) showed a positive stimulus-related correlation to RT. The time-of-night effect revealed a persistent widespread increase in the high-theta band (peak at 8 Hz) over time. Further, omission trials were marked with decreased power in that particular frequency range at the central EEG channels suggesting that high theta reflects compensatory mechanisms. Finally, the time-on-task effect showed a pronounced centroparietal increase in alpha power (peak at 10 Hz) for both pre-and post-stimulus epochs. Interestingly, activity in this oscillatory range with similar topography showed negative RT correlations indicating another form of compensatory mechanism that speeds up responses.

Conclusion
Our results indicate that cognitive effort, drowsiness, and fatigue processes can be disentangled by distinct spectral and topographical EEG characteristics. Moreover, neither high theta nor alpha power could be interpreted as a local sleep phenomenon due to their beneficial effects on performance. Furthermore, this work provides a basis for neuroimaging investigations of the neural circuit dynamics underlying these distinct oscillatory patterns.

Support (if any)
0185 Video Game Addiction and Its Relationship with Sleep Quality Among Medical Students
Authors: Wali Siraj , Alghamdi Faisal , Abusulaiman Abdullah , Alghamdi Faisal , Alsulami Abdulaziz , Bamotref Mohammed , Alosaimi Albraa , Bamousa Omar 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Problematic video game playing has grown vastly in the past decade with internet addiction and has caused many public health problems. Among these problems is the poor sleep quality as a result of gaming addiction. Given the significant increase in video game sales, it is important to determine the prevalence of gaming addiction among medical students and whether it is associated with poor sleep quality which may be reflected on the academic performance.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted between January and June of 2023 on medical students of King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. An online survey was used and was divided into three sections. The first section included demographic data. The second section included the 7-item Gaming Addiction Scale (GAS), and the third section included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Using GAS Scale and based on the total score, gamers are classified as addicted, problematic, engaged, or normal. Hence, abnormal gamers include engaged gamers, problematic gamers, and addicted gamers.

Results
There were 357 participants with mean age of 22.5 -/+ 1.8 years and 75.3 % were males. The data showed that 38.8% of the study population were abnormal gamers: 40 (11.2%) engaged gamers, 81 (22.8%) problematic gamers and 17 (4.8%) addicted gamers. Furthermore, abnormal gaming was linked to poor sleep quality when comparing abnormal gamers with normal gamers (92% VS 80.3%, p value of 0.002). Abnormal gamers were found to rely on sleep medication to help them sleep at night and take longer time to fall asleep (p=0.050 & p=0.045 respectively).

Conclusion
Abnormal gaming is common among medical students and it is strongly associated with poor sleep quality.

Support (if any)
0186 Experimental Sleep Restriction Affects Artwork Perceptions
Authors: Godinho Ariadne Dias , Neuhoff Elise , Diaz Jose , Nickel Allison , Scullin Michael 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Sleep deprivation is known to detrimentally affect attention, memory, and other cognitive processes. Less is known about whether and how sleep loss influences perception, such as the aesthetic experience of viewing art, which serves as a conduit for social bonding, creative expression, and life enrichment. In the current work, we tested perceptions of abstract artwork after normal sleep and sleep restricted periods.

Methods
Sixty-four young adults (mean age=19.98, 53.2% female, 54.8% non-Caucasian) were enrolled in a cross-over designed, in-laboratory study. Following an adaptation night, participants were randomly assigned to undergo two nights of sleep restriction (1:30 AM – 7:00AM) or two nights of normal sleep (10:00 PM – 07:00AM), with polysomnography recordings. In the morning, participants viewed 12 abstract paintings, each for 15 seconds coupled with a female artist’s name or male artist’s name (randomized across paintings). After each painting, participants rated the painting's beauty, colorfulness, skillfulness, creativity, and how much they liked it overall. During the next week, participants completed the other sleep condition (order counterbalanced) with a new set of abstract paintings and artist names.

Results
We conducted a series of 2 (sleep condition) x 2 (artist gender) x 2 (participant gender) ANOVAs. Males tended to favor male artwork, and females tended to favor female artwork, but gender effects were not statistically significant (ps&gt;.10). Interestingly, sleep restriction significantly reduced how much participants rated liking the artwork (p=0.009) and tended to reduce perceptions of the beauty of the artwork (p=.051). Perceptions of colorfulness, skillfulness, and creativity were not significantly affected (ps&gt;.10).

Conclusion
Sleep loss can subtly affect perceptions of artwork, generally by dampening the aesthetic experience. Future work should investigate economic and cultural impacts of sleep loss, and how short sleep in artists affects their creative output.

Support (if any)
Support provided by the National Science Foundation (1920730).
0188 Impact of the Menarcheal Transition on Sleep in Biological Females
Authors: Adornetti Julianna , Hagy Hannah , Crowley Stephanie , Kmiecik Matthew , Tham See Wan , Hellman Kevin , Tu Frank , Bohnert Amy 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Puberty encompasses a multitude of physical, hormonal, and psychological changes. Additionally, adolescents also experience a delay in circadian rhythm, increasing their vulnerability to insufficient sleep. Even though puberty and sleep share a strong association, few studies have explored the shift in sleep after the onset of menstruation (i.e., menarche). This longitudinal, multimethod study examines sleep health parameters before and after menarche among a community sample of females.

Methods
Biological females (n = 47; 74% white) from a Midwestern metropolitan area were recruited as part of a larger study on menarche. Participants completed two lab visits: Time 1 (T1: prior to menarche; Mage = 11.3, SDage = 1.0) and Time 2 (T2: 3-9 months post-menarche; Mage = 12.6, SDage = 1.0). An actigraph wristwatch was worn for 7 days following each lab visit to measure dimensions of sleep health including bedtime, wake time, time in bed, and total sleep time. Phillips Actiware Software was used to score actigraphy data; SPSS 27 was used to perform paired sample t-tests to explore changes over time.

Results
Following menarche, there were significant differences in several parameters of sleep health including: 1) a 1.7-hour delay in bedtime (T1M = 21:45, T1SD = 1:02; T2M = 23:29, T2SD = 3:07, t(46) = (3.37), p = (.002), 2) less time in bed (T1M = 542, T1SD = :48; T2M = 518, T2SD = :58), t(46) = (2.67), p (.01), and 3) a 27-minute decrease in total sleep time (T1M = 482, T1SD = :40; T2M = 455, T2SD = :51), t(46) = (3.32), p = (.002). Overall, these results indicate participants are sleeping significantly less in the months following menarche.

Conclusion
Findings confirm that biological females experience changes in sleep behaviors within 9 months of menarche. Chronic sleep loss and daytime sleepiness worsens throughout adolescence, furthering the risk for cognitive and behavioral issues. Data collection is ongoing and future analyses will examine sleep variability across this transitional point in development. This is one of the first studies to examine the sleep-wake experience of females across menarche.

Support (if any)
0189 Menstrual Cycle Phase and Alcohol Use Interact to Influence Daily Sleep Outcomes
Authors: Schuler Maricel , Whitehurst Lauren 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Rates of heavy drinking are increasing in women at an alarming pace. Studies suggest that although alcohol has an initial sedative effect, it can lead to frequent awakenings. Preliminary studies suggest that women may be more sensitive to alcohol-disrupted sleep than men. Women’s sleep changes across the month due to the impact of cycling hormones, yet studies examining links between alcohol-disrupted sleep and menstrual cycling are scarce. Here, we used daily diary methods to track menstrual cycles, sleep, and alcohol use in normal cycling women.

Methods
44, cisgender women, aged 18-45, completed morning and nightly diaries to track sleep/wake behavior, alcohol use, and menstrual cycling for two weeks (N=586observations). Each morning, participants reported bedtime and waketime and the number of minutes it took them to fall asleep, which was used to determine sleep duration and onset latency, respectively. Sleep quality was assessed on a Likert scale of 1=‘very bad’ to 4=‘very good’ and morning ratings of refresh on a Likert scale of 1=‘not at all’ and 7=‘completely’. Prior to sleep, participants indicated if they drank any alcohol, and if so, how many drinks they ingested. We examined the impact of on vs. off menses as well as day in cycle – early-follicular, late-luteal, or periovulatory – on alcohol use and sleep outcomes using linear mixed effects models.

Results
On average, participants went to bed at 12:18AM, woke up at 7:59AM, slept 8hrs and 17mins, and had sleep onset latencies of nearly 16mins. Participants reported good sleep quality (M=3.14) and feeling relatively refreshed (M=5.14) upon awakening. On menses, drinking was associated with longer sleep onset latencies (r=.216). Off menses, drinking was associated with lower sleep quality (r=-.125) and ratings of morning refresh (r=-.214). On days when women drank alcohol, they also had marginally worse sleep quality (p=.056). Periovulatory vs. early-follicular days were associated with less ratings of morning refresh (p=.019), and a marginal interaction between phase and alcohol suggested that drinking alcohol during the periovulatory phase led to significantly lower feelings of refresh the next morning (p=.076).

Conclusion
These data suggest that sleep may be more sensitive to alcohol disruption near ovulation in women.

Support (if any)