bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The institutional environment in the strategic decision of the emerging companies: the case of the Algerian sugar industry
Authors: Achabou Mohamed Akli , Tozanli Selma 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDuring these last years, Algeria, like some other developing countries, is undergoing important institutional changes. The structural adjustment plan (1990s) and the association agreement signed with the European Union (2005) are some of the political tools that guide these profound changes that have considerable impacts on the strategic behaviour of local enterprises. Beyond these mutations at national level, important policy changes are observed at the international level, like the recent reform of the European sugar policy that constitutes a considerable shifter on the behaviour of enterprises operating in the Algerian sugar refining industry. The present research aims to measure the weight of the institutional criteria on the strategic decision of sugar refining companies in Algeria, by the combination of the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats analysis and the analytical hierarchy process. The ultimate purpose is to contribute to the analysis of interactions that exist between institutional changes induced by the globalization process and the strategic choices of local enterprises in an emergent economy. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Arterial anatomy of the second toe nail bed related to toenail transfer
Authors: Hwang Kun , Ki Sae H. , Choi Hyuk G. , Hwang Sejin , Kim Dong H. , Han Seung H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe aim of this study was to elucidate the exact course of the terminal branches of the plantar digital artery (PDA) to the nail bed of the second toe. Thirteen second toes from seven fresh Korean cadavers were dissected (age range 74–92 years, four men and three women). The terminal segmental branches (TSB) branched off from the PDA at 7.6 ± 0.7 mm proximal to the nail fold. The fibro‐osseous hiatus branch (FHB) branched off from the PDA at 3.3 ± 0.7 mm from the nail fold. They were 3.8 ± 1.0 mm lateral to the paronychium. Diameters of TSB and FHB were 0.8 ± 0.2 mm and 0.7 ± 0.1 mm, respectively. Diameter of PDA was 1.4 ± 0.2 mm. Surgeons should stay at least 4 mm proximal to the nail fold to avoid injury to the terminal branch. We believe that second toenail with minimum amount of soft tissue may be transferred using FHB‐based vascularized toenail flap. Perfusion study and clinical application should be followed. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2010.
Hanging nodes and XFEM
Authors: Fries Thomas‐Peter , Byfut Andreas , Alizada Alaskar , Cheng Kwok Wah , Schröder Andreas 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper investigates two approaches for the handling of hanging nodes in the framework of extended finite element methods (XFEM). Allowing for hanging nodes, locally refined meshes may be easily generated to improve the resolution of general, i.e. model‐independent, steep gradients in the problem under consideration. Hence, a combination of these meshes with XFEM facilitates an appropriate modeling of jumps and kinks within elements that interact with steep gradients. Examples for such an interaction are, e.g. found in stress fields near crack fronts or in boundary layers near internal interfaces between two fluids. The two approaches for XFEM based on locally refined meshes with hanging nodes basically differ in whether (enriched) degrees of freedom are associated with the hanging nodes. Both approaches are applied to problems in linear elasticity and incompressible flows. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of new FOXP3 mutations and prenatal diagnosis of IPEX syndrome
Authors: Harbuz Radu , Lespinasse James , Boulet Stéphanie , Francannet Christine , Creveaux Isabelle , Benkhelifa Mariem , Jouk Pierre‐Simon , Lunardi Joël , Ray Pierre F. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectiveMolecular diagnosis and prenatal care of two pregnant women at risk of transmitting immunodysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy X‐linked (IPEX) syndrome.MethodsFOXP3 coding sequence and exon boundaries were analyzed in the two consultants and family members. Non‐invasive sex determination and specific prenatal diagnosis was realized.ResultsFollowing sequence analysis a new FOXP3 mutation was identified in each consultant. Sex diagnosis realized by amplification of Y sequences from the plasma of the two mothers revealed a male and a female fetus, respectively. Prenatal diagnosis showed that the male fetus was unaffected. The baby is now born and healthy. Subsequent ultrasound examinations confirmed the sex in the second pregnancy but unfortunately led to the diagnosis of a 69,XXX triploidy. The pregnancy was thus interrupted.ConclusionTwo new FOXP3 mutations were identified and prenatal diagnosis could be proposed. Due to the rarity of the disease, clinical diagnosis is often considered with delay. Both patients reported here were already pregnant at the beginning of the genetic investigation and one had previously interrupted a male pregnancy for lack of diagnosis. When faced with children with severe refractory diarrhea, clinicians should entertain the possibility of IPEX. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Annealing induced microstructure and fracture resistance changes in isotactic polypropylene/ethylene‐octene copolymer blends with and without β‐phase nucleating agent
Authors: Li Xiaoxi , Wu Haiyan , Han Liang , Huang Ting , Wang Yong , Bai Hongwei , Zhou Zuowan 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPrevious work showed that annealing induced the great improvement of fracture resistance of β‐iPP, relating to the decreased number of chain segments in the amorphous region. To further prove the rationality of this observation, in this work, the ethylene‐octene copolymer (POE) toughened isotactic polypropylene (iPP) blends with or without β‐phase nucleating agent (β‐NA) were adopted and the changes of microstructure and fracture resistance during the annealing process were further investigated comparatively. The results showed that, whether for the α‐phase crystalline structure (non‐nucleated) or for the β‐phase crystalline structure (β‐NA nucleated) in iPP matrix, annealing can induce the dramatic improvement of fracture resistance at a certain annealing temperature (120–140 °C for β‐NA nucleated blends whereas 120–150 °C for non‐nucleated blends). Especially, non‐nucleated blends exhibit more apparent variations in fracture resistance compared with β‐NA nucleated blends during the annealing process. The phase morphology of elastomer, supermolecular structure of matrix, the crystalline structure including the degree of crystallinity and the relative content of β‐phase, and the relaxation of chain segments were investigated to explore the toughening mechanism of the samples after being annealed. It was proposed that, even if the content of elastomer is very few, the excellent fracture resistance can be easily achieved through adjusting the numbers of chain segments in the amorphous phase by annealing. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2010
Evaluation of the interaction parameter for poly(ε‐caprolactone)/poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile) blends
Authors: Princi Elisabetta , Vicini Silvia 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn this article, the miscibility of poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) with poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile) (SAN) containing 25 wt % of acrylonitrile is studied from both a qualitative and a quantitative point of view. The evidences coming from thermal analysis (differential scanning calorimetry) demonstrate that PCL and SAN are miscible in the whole range of composition. The Flory interaction parameter χ1,2 was calculated by the Patterson approximation and the melting point depression of the crystalline phase in the blends; in both cases, negative values of χ1,2 were found, confirming that the system is miscible. The interaction parameter evaluated within the framework of the mean field theory demonstrates that the miscibility of PCL/SAN blends is due to the repulsive interaction between the styrene and acrylonitrile segments in SAN. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2010
Organic functionalization of carbon nanostructures via 1,3‐dipolar cycloadditions
Authors: Quintana Mildred , Grzelczak Marek , Prato Maurizio 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe chemistry of carbon nanostructures is a current subject of intense research, which continuously produces intellectual advances and novel materials. In particular, the functionalization of carbon nanostructures, such as nanotubes and more recently, few layers graphene via 1,3‐dipolar cycloadditions of azomethine ylides has been relevant in the construction of novel nanohybrids materials with a great potential in a wide range of applications.
Solution‐phase exfoliation of graphite for ultrafast photonics
Authors: Hasan T. , Torrisi F. , Sun Z. , Popa D. , Nicolosi V. , Privitera G. , Bonaccorso F. , Ferrari A. C. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe exfoliate graphite in both aqueous and non‐aqueous environments through mild sonication followed by centrifugation. The dispersions are enriched with monolayers. We mix them with polymers, followed by slow evaporation to produce optical quality composites. Nonlinear optical measurements show ∼5% saturable absorption. The composites are then integrated into fiber laser cavities to generate 630 fs pulses at 1.56 µm. This shows the viability of solution phase processing for graphene based photonic devices.
Sur des transpositions atomiques intramoléculaires: (Premier Mémoire)
Authors: Montagne P. J. 
Published: September 2010

Transposition atomique intramoléculaire chez les dicétones aromatiques αLa partie principale a déjá été communiqué an 8me Congrèa néerlandais de naturalistes et de médecins à Rotterdam le 13 Avril 1901.
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Explosion limits of hydrogen and chlorine with oxygen, carbon monoxide and nitrous oxide and of carbon monoxide and oxygen with chlorine and nitrogen, also of carbon monoxide with nitrous oxide
Authors: Lindeijer E. W. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA number of gas mixtures, in which an explosive reaction is possible, were investigated in a vertical glass explosion burette. The progressive reaction was induced by an electrical spark which was produced in the top of the burette. As far as the available material permitted it the considerations set out in the previous communication were taken as the starting point.Two separate explosion regions were found in the system carbon monoxide, hydrogen, chlorine and nitrogen after a clear indication in that direction had already been obtained in the investigation of the system carbon monoxide, hydrogen and chlorine.
Ueber die Berechnung von Folgereaktionen mit einem Gemeinsamen Reaktanten
Authors: Skrabal A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractFür die von J. Stuurman angestellte Rechnung nimmt der Verfasser die Priorität für sich in Anspruch. Die Rechnung wird auf die Bildung von zwei isomeren Zwischenprodukten ausgedehnt.
Fluor‐Jod‐Methan
Authors: van Arkel A. E. , Janetzky E. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDurch Einwirkung von Hg,F2 auf CH2J2 bei ungefähr 120° C wurde die Verbindung CH2FJ (Sdp. 53.4° M. R. 19.58) erhalten.Die neue Verbindung ist ziemlich widerstandsfähig, wird z. B. von Wasser nicht angegriffen und zersetzt sich beim Aufbewahren nur wenig.
Un Acide Tétrasulfonique Radiaire Simple: (L'acide Tétraméthylméthanetétrasulfonique)
Authors: Backer H. J. , Evenhuis N. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractL'action de deux molécules de tétrasulfure sodique sur le tétrabromotétraméthylméthane donne un hexasulfure spirocyclique, qui, désulfuré par de la poudre de cuivre, engendre un tétrasulfure spirocyclique de couleur jaune. Ce produit, qui diffère du tétrasulfure presque incolore et de structure asymétrique, décrit dans un mémoire antérieur, renferme dans chaque anneau la fonction dithioéther, car l'oxydation conduit à l'acide tétraméthylméthanetétrasulfonique; c'est le premier exemple d'un acide tétrasulfonique radiaire (à quatre groupes égaux autour d'un atome central de carbone).
Réactivité du Chlore dans le 1,1‐Dioxo‐3‐Chloro‐4‐Méthyl‐Thiacyclopentène‐3
Authors: Backer H. J. , van der Baan S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractLe 3‐chloroisoprène donne avec l'anhydride sulfureux une sulfone cyclique, dans laquelle le chlore est actif. En faisant réagir des mercaptides et du sulfure potassique, nous avons obtenu des thioéthers, et, par oxydation, leurs sulfones.
Untersuchung Monomolekularer Filme mit Hilfe von Elektronenstrahlen
Authors: Havinga E. , de Wael J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractEs wird eine Methode beschrieben um monomolekulare Filme von der Wasseroberfläche auf Nitrocellulose‐Häutchen oder dünne Goldblätter zu übertragen. Die auf solchen Trägern befindlichen Filme werden mit Hilfe von Elektronenstrahlen untersucht. Die monomolekularen Filme von Bariumsalzen höherer Fettsäuren zeigen charakteristische Diagramme, aus denen hervorgeht, dass diese Filme als “zweidimensionale” Einkrystalle hexagonaler Struktur aufzufassen sind. Die Kohlenstoffketten stehen senkrecht auf der Oberfläche. Die aus den Elektronenstrahlen berechneten Werte für die molekulare Oberfläche stimmen mit den von uns nach der Spreitungs‐Methode von Langmuir und Adam erhaltenen Ergebnissen überein.
The preparation of synthetic ethers from α‐chloro‐ethers
Authors: Waterman H. I. , de Kok W. J. C. , Leendertse J. J. , Schoenmaker W. H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIntroduction. A new apparatus, the film reactor, has been used for the preparation of a series of α‐chloro‐ethers, thus making this group of compounds easily obtainable. Substituted ethers were prepared from the α‐chloro‐ethers. Details of these preparations (yields and properties) are mentioned.
On aliphatic polyamines. V
Authors: van Alphen J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractUnlike 1:2‐dibromoethane and 1:3‐dibromopropane one mol of 1:5‐dibromopentane reacts with one mol of 1:2‐diaminoethane even when a large excess of the latter is present. 1‐(2′‐Aminoethyl)‐pyperidine is formed and this compound, an example of a combination of a tertiary and a primary amine has been investigated. Its derivatives obtained with benzoyl chloride, phenyl iso‐cyanate and with phenyl iso‐thiocyanate, still react basic.Condensation with benzaldehyde and reduction of the derivative so obtained, gives a benzylated product, a tertiary‐secondary diamine which is markedly less basic and gives only a mono‐picrate.
Über Zwei Neue Methyl‐1‐Fucosid‐Triacetate
Authors: Minsaas J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDer Verfasser hat reine, teils neue, unbekannte Modifikationen und Methyloside der Methylpentosen Fucose, Rhamnose und Isorhamnose, hergestellt um ihre Mutarotation, Molekularrefraktion, Lösungsvolumen und anderen physikalischen Konstanten zu bestimmen.Während dieser Arbeit, ist es auch gelungen 2 neue Methyl‐1‐fucosid‐triacetate herzustellen.
Some properties of the ecgonines and their esters. III: The α.β‐Position of the double bond in ecgonidine, the structural formulae and autoracemisation of the ecgonines
Authors: de Jong A. W. K. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWillstätter, Gadamer and von Auwers have already indicated in 1921‐1922 that the double bond in ecgonidine is in the α. β‐position. Preliminary experiments have shown that l‐ecgonine is partially racemised by heating with water.
Le Tétra‐(Mercaptométhyl)‐Méthane (Tétrathiopentaérythritol), un réactif pour les aldéhydes et les cétones
Authors: Backer H. J. , Evenhuis N. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractL'obtention du tétrathiaspirocyclononane sym. (I), décrite dans notre mémoire précédent, nous a mis à même de préparer par réduction le tétra‐(mercaptométhyl)‐méthane (tétrathiopentaérythritol). Ce tétramercaptan (cristaux tétragonaux) est un réactif pratique pour les aldéhydes et les cétones, avec lesquelles il donne aisément des thioacétals spirocycliques peu solubles et caractéristiques. L'oxydation du tétramercaptan conduit à l'acide tétrasulfonique correspondant.
Ist es möglich die Belichtungszeit bei der Strukturuntersuchung Abzukürzen?
Authors: Krom C. J. , v. d. Sprenkel H. Berkelbach 
Published: September 2010

AbstractUntersucht wurde die Möglichkeit einer Abkürzung der Expositionszeit von Röntgenaufnahmen für Strukturuntersuchungen. Es stellte sich heraus, dass die neuen Röntgenfilme 1 1/2‐fach schneller sind als der bei Strukturuntersuchungen allgemein benutzte Agfa‐Laue‐Film. Durch Anwendung der Ilford Fluorazure Screens (Levy‐West) konnte die Expositionszeit nochmals bis auf ein Drittel vermindert werden, ohne dass erkennbare Verzeichnung auftrat. Mit dem Fluorazure Schirm und den modernen Filmen wird also eine Gesamtverkürzung bis auf 1/5 der Belichtungszeit, welche früher benötigt war um eine Aufnahme gleicher Schwärzung auf Agfa‐Laue‐Film anzufertigen, erreicht.
Syntheses of polychloro‐compounds with aluminium chloride. IV. The condensation of hexachloropropene with 1.2‐dichloroethene
Authors: Prins H. J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe condensation of hexachloropropene with 1,2‐dichloroethene, which gives rise to the formation of 1,1,2,3,3,4,5,5‐octochloropentene‐1, and the reaction of the latter with concentrated sulphuric acid are described. The course of the reactions and the constitution of the products are discussed.
Le Moment Diélectrique D'un Dérivé Mono‐Substitué du Cyclopropane (n. Propyl‐Cyclopropane)
Authors: Böeseken J. , Takes H. V. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractEn général les hydrocarbures saturés n'ont pas de moment diélectrique. II était cependant possible que cet équilibre électrique n'existât plus dans les dérivés monosubstitués des cyclanes. Le n‐propylcyclopropane préparé dans ce but montrait en effet un petit moment diélectrique. L'hydrocarbure a été obtenu comme suit: CH2(COOC2H5)2 → n C3H7CH(COOC2H5)2 →. → n C3H7CH(CH2OH)2 → n C3H7CH(CH2Br)2 →n C3H7C3H5.
The action of hydrazine and methylhydrazine on 3‐chloro‐4:6‐dinitrophenetole and 1‐chloro‐2: 4‐dinitronaphthalene and derivatives of the resultant compounds
Authors: Robert J. L. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBy the action of hydrazine on 3‐chloro‐4:6‐dinitrophenetole there is produced 3‐ethoxy‐4:6‐dinitrophenylhydrazine, while at higher temperatures, 4:6‐dinitro‐1:3‐dihydrazinobenzene and 5‐ethoxy‐6‐nitrobenzazimidole are formed. Methylhydrazine and 3‐chloro‐4 : 6‐dinitrophenetole react to give α‐(3‐ethoxy‐4:6‐dinitrophenyl)‐α‐methylhydrazine, while α‐(2:4‐dinitronaphthy])‐α‐methylhydrazine results from 1‐chloro‐2:4‐dinitronaphthalene and methylhydrazine. A number of derivatives of the above substituted hydrazines with aldehydes and ketones have been prepared.
On the theory of limiting currents. I. Polarographic limiting currents
Authors: Mac Gillavry D. , Rideal E. K. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe theory of diffusion and limiting currents with the dropping cathode is critically examined. The expressions for the limiting currents at growing and steady drops are compared.The general theory of diffusion currents, i.e. the theory of the complete Polarographic wave, is based on an approximation method. The driving force and the mobility of the reducible ion are discussed. A better agreement between experiment and theory is obtained when the proper ionic mobilities are employed.
Cryoscopic studies of solutions in 1‐4 dioxane
Authors: Getman Frederick H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMeasurements of the freezing points of a series of solutions of organic compounds, mostly alcohols, in 1‐4 dioxane have been made and the corresponding molecular depressions calculated therefrom.In general, the results indicate progressive association of the solutes with increasing concentration of the solutions.Several solutes, however, notably ethyl and t‐butyl alcohols, appear to undergo solvation in dilute solution, whereas in concentrated solution the tendency to undergo association preponderates.Examination of solutes exhibiting this behavior in dioxane, when dissolved in other solvents having larger dielectric constants, fail to reveal a tendency to undergo solvation even in dilute solution.Association factors of typical solutes in dioxane as a solvent have been found to vary linearly with the concentration.
La 3,4‐Diphénylthiophènesulfone et son Hydrogénation
Authors: Backer H. J. , Bolt C. C. , Stevens W. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractLa sulfone du 3,4‐diphénylthiophène n'est pas encore connue. La substance jaune fusible à 182°, décrite sous ce nom dans la littérature, est en réalité le dérivé 2,5‐dihydro (F 184°) à l'état impur. La sulfone manquante, que les auteurs ont préparée, est un produit presque incolore (F 171°), dont l'hydrogénation graduelle a conduit à trois dérivés. D'abord on obtient le dérivé 2,5‐dihydro (hydrogéné en positions 1,4 du Système conjugué), puis la liaison double de l'anneau dihydrothiophène est hydrogénée et enfin les noyaux phényliques sont saturés d'hydrogène.
La Sulfone du 1,3‐Ditertiobutylbutadiène
Authors: Backer H. I. , Strating J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractL'hydrocarbure décrit dans la littérature sous le nom de 2,3‐ditertiobutylbutadiène donne, par fixation de l'anhydride sulfureux, naissance à une sulfone cyclique (F 70°), qui cependant ne peut pas avoir une structure symétrique en raison des arguments suivants:
Elle fond au‐dessous de la sulfone monosubstituée correspondante.
Les produits de l'oxydation diffèrent de la dipinacolylsulfone, préparée par synthèse, et de ses dérivés.
L'ozonisation, suivie d'une isomérisation simple, conduit, sans perte de carbone, à un acide monobasique et racémique (dédoublable).
Une nouvelle synthèse prouve la structure asymétrique.magnified imageL'ensemble des propriétés que présente la sulfone s'accorde avec la formule donnée ici; donc le butadiène dont elle dérive doit avoir également une structure asymétrique (1,3).
The artificial production of oestrogenic substances from certain sterols: III. The structure and properties of a synthetic analogue of the follicular ovarian hormone
Authors: Remesov Igor 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe present communication approaches the question of the structure of the synthetic female ovarian hormone „folliculosterone”︁ by the method of spectrophotometric analysis. On this basis it is considered that the synthetic folliculosterone is an isomer of the natural hormone, and can be designated as 17‐keto‐5.7.9‐ergostatrienol (3) [3‐hydroxy‐17‐keto‐5.7.9.‐oestratriene].
Aktivierte Adsorption von Sauerstoff an Molybdänschichten
Authors: de Boer J. H. , Kraak H. H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDie Rekristallisation und die Oberflächenoxydbildung, welche bei der Berührung dünner Metallschichten mit Sauerstoff auftreten, äussern sich durch eine Änderung des elektrischen Widerstandes. Beim Molybdän kann der zweite Effekt getrennt gemessen werden. Bei −185° C bindet nur ein sehr kleiner Teil der Oberflächenatome chemisch Sauerstoff. Die bei dieser Temperatur auch stattfindende van der Waalssche Adsorption, die sich nicht in einer Widerstandsänderung äussert, wird beim Aufwärmen der Schicht (in Vakuum) durch die Zunahme der Oxydation nachgewiesen.Es bestätigt sich die Erwartung, dass die Aktivierungsenergie der Oxydation bei Cs, Mo und C in der angegebenen Reihenfolge zunimmt.
Transformation D'un Acide Isocarboxylique en Acide Carboxylique
Authors: Backer H. J. , Strating J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractOn a étudié l'acide triméthylacétonylsulfonylméthane‐isocarboxylique

Ce composé (peroxyde d'aldéhyde) est un acide monomère, cristallisé et stable, qui, en solution aqueuse, se transforme en acide carboxylique normal. Cette transformation est une réaction monomoléculaire. Les sels que donne l'acide isocarboxylique avec les amines en solution anhydre sont identiques aux sels de l'acide normal.
Préparation de Quelques Dihydrocholestérols Alkylés (3‐Alkylcholestanols)
Authors: Bolt C. C. , Backer H. J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractOn a préparé par addition d'organomagnésiens à la chlolestanone quelques 3‐alkyl‐cholestanols‐3. Ils présentent, surtout les dérivés aliphatiques, une grande tendance à donner avec les solvants organiques des solutions colloïdales et des gels.