bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construction and evaluation of a transgenichsp16-GFP-lacZ Caenorhabditis elegansstrain for environmental monitoring
Authors: David Helen E. , Dawe Adam S. , de Pomerai David I. , Jones Don , Candido E. Peter M. , Daniells Clare 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA novel integrated transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans strain (PC 161) incorporates a double reporter construct with green fluorescent protein (GFP) and lacZ genes fused in-frame into the second exon of the hsp16–1 gene. This construct also includes the Simian Virus 40 (SV40) nuclear localization signal such that the fusion protein accumulates in the nuclei of expressing cells. The PC161 strain was used to monitor the effects of several known stressors, including heat, cadmium, and microwave radiation. The time course of induction was similar for both reporters but was strongly influenced by pretreatment conditions. The PC161 worms kept at 15°C beforehand showed a steady increase in reporter expression (up to at least 16 h) when heated to 30°C. However, if washed on ice prior to heat stress at 30°C, PC161 worms showed a much steeper rise in reporter expression, reaching a maximum after 2.5 h and then plateauing. Heat shock induced strong expression of both reporter genes in all tissues apart from the germ line and early embryos. A highly significant linear dose-response relationship was observed for both transgenes with increasing cadmium concentrations (5–100 μg/ml). Prolonged exposure to microwave radiation (750 MHz and 0.5 W for 16 h) also induced expression of both transgenes at 25 and (to some extent) 27°C, but only β-galactosidase activity was detectable at 23°C, and neither reporter was detectably expressed at 21°C Throughout all exposures, the lacZ reporter product was more readily detectable than coexpressed GFP. However, the GFP reporter affords opportunities to monitor the stress response in living worms.
Studies on bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated sediments: Bioavailability, biodegradability, and toxicity issues
Authors: Tabak Henry H. , Lazorchak James M. , Lei Li , Khodadoust Amid P. , Antia Jimmy E. , Bagchi Rajesh , Suidan Makram T. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
The widespread contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has created a need for cost-effective bioremediation processes. This research studied a chronically PAH-contaminated estuarine sediment from the East River (ER; NY, USA) characterized by high concentrations of PAHs (∼4–190 ppm), sulfide, and metals and a marine sediment from New York/New Jersey Harbor (NY/NJH; USA) with only trace quantities of PAHs (0.1–0.6 ppm). The focus was to examine the relationship between bioavailability of PAHs and their biological removal in a slurry system. Freshwater and marine sediment toxicity tests were conducted to measure baseline toxicity of both sediments to amphipods, aquatic worms, fathead and sheepshead minnow larvae, and a vascular plant; to determine the cause of toxicity; and to evaluate the effectiveness of the biotreatment strategies in reducing toxicity. Results showed the ER sediment was acutely toxic to all freshwater and marine organisms tested and that the toxicity was mainly caused by sulfide, PAHs, and metals present in the sediment. In spite of the high toxicity, most of the PAH compounds showed significant degradation in the aerobic sediment/water slurry system if the initial high oxygen demand due to the high sulfide content of the sediment was overcome. The removal of PAHs by biodegradation was closely related to their desorbed amount in 90% isopropanol solution during 24 h of contact, while the desorption of model PAH compounds from freshly spiked NY/NJH sediment did not describe the bioavailability of PAHs in the East River sediment well. The research improves our understanding of bioavailability as a controlling factor in bioremediation of PAHs and the potential of aerobic biodegradation for PAH removal and ecotoxicity reduction.
Slow-stirring method for determining then-octanol/water partition coefficient (pow) for highly hydrophobic chemicals: Performance evaluation in a ring test
Authors: Tolls Johannes , Bodo Karina , De Felip Elena , Dujardin Roland , Kim Yong Hwa , Moeller-Jensen Lars , Mullee Darren , Nakajima Ayako , Paschke Albrecht , Pawliczek Jürgen-Bernd , Schneider Jürgen , Tadeo José-Luis , Tognucci Alessandra C. , Webb Jim , Zwijzen A. Corneel 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe n-octanol/water partition coefficient (Pow) is one of the most important parameters employed for estimating a chemical's environmental fate and toxicity. The currently adopted test guidelines for its determination do not allow for reliable determination of log Pow greater than 5. The slow-stirring experiment, in contrast, has been demonstrated to provide reliable log Pow data up to log Pow of 8.3. To validate this method and to obtain its approval as an official Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (Paris, France) test guideline, a ring test was performed to evaluate the accuracy and precision of the slow-stirring experiment for determination of log Pow, particularly for highly hydrophobic compounds. Up to 15 volunteer laboratories tested 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobenzene, hexachlorobenzene, 2,2′,3,3′,5,5′,6,6′-octachlorobiphenyl, and decachlorobiphenyl (4.5 &lt; log Pow &lt; 8.2). The ring-test results for the respective chemicals were 4.62, 5.50, 7.39, and 8.18. The results deviated by less than 0.1 log Pow units from the reference log Pow. In addition, the relative standard deviations of log Pow were less than 2%. Using the protocol of the ring test, log Pow of p,p′-DDT was determined to be 6.24 ± 0.05 (mean ± standard deviation). In combination, these results indicate that the slow-stirring method is precise and accurate and, thus, allows for reliable determination of log Pow of highly hydrophobic chemicals.
Degradation of nonylphenol ethoxylates in estuarine sediment under aerobic and anaerobic conditions
Authors: Lee Ferguson P. , Brownawell Bruce J. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPEO) surfactants and their metabolites are ubiquitous contaminants of the aquatic environment. Despite considerable interest in the environmental fate of these compounds due to concerns over toxicity and estrogenic activity, the pathways of NPEO degradation in sediments have not previously been reported, in spite of the fact that sediment appears to be an important sink for these compounds in the environment. In the present work, we have examined the rates and pathways of NPEO degradation in batch sediment slurry experiments using radiolabeled NPEO mixtures. Results suggest that NPEOs are more persistent in sediments under anaerobic conditions than in the presence of oxygen. In addition, it was illustrated that NPEO degradation proceeds via separate pathways in oxic and anoxic sediment. Discernible metabolites were identified and an overall mass balance for NPEO degradation in oxic and anoxic sediment was achieved. In contrast with previous studies, no evidence was observed for net production of nonylphenol from NPEOs during aerobic or anaerobic degradation. The observed relative rates at which NPEO ethoxymers disappeared in the sediment slurry experiments were consistent with previous reports for these compounds in sediment and other environmental media, although the absolute rates measured were somewhat faster than those reported for field sediments.
The bioaccumulation and fate of a branched 14C-p-nonylphenol isomer in Lymnaea stagnalis L.
Authors: Lalah Joseph O. , Behechti Akbar , Severin Gabriele F. , Lenoir Dieter , Günther Klaus , Kettrup Antonius , Schramm Karl-Werner 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
A single branched isomer of p-nonylphenol, 4(3′,6′-dimethyl-3′-heptyl)-phenol, previously identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as one of the major constituent isomers in p-nonylphenol (constituting approximately 10% of all its isomers), was synthesized and used in studies of its bioaccumulation and excretion in the hermophroditic pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis L. Branched isomers of nonylphenol are perceived to have more estrogenlike toxicity than the straight-chain isomers in addition to being more resistant to biodegradation in the environment. With an average static exposure concentration of 104 μg/L (range: 92–116 μg/L) in water at 19°C for 8 d, the uptake of the compound was found to be fairly rapid, reaching a peak concentration of 23,548 μg/kg of whole tissue wet weight after 5 d and a peak bioaccumulation factor (BAFw) of 242 (5,562, based on lipid weight) after 3 d. The uptake data fitted into a logarithmic expression C(t) = 5,231 ln(t) + 11,956, where C(t) is the amount of residues accumulated in whole tissue in micrograms per kilogram tissue wet weight after a period of time, t, and t is the period of exposure in days. By determination of the excretion of 14C-residues released in water and in feces, an average loss of 96% of the accumulated residues was achieved after 22 d of continuous exposure to clean water. By first-order kinetics analysis of the excretion data, an average half-life of excretion of 4.9 d was obtained. By high-performance liquid chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, a catechol metabolite, 4(3′,6′-dimethyl-3′-heptyl)-catechol, was detected in tissue extracts (after hydrolysis with β-glucuronidase) and in feces, in addition to the parent isomer, suggesting that the isomer may have been metabolized by glucuronic acid conjugation and hydroxylation at the ortho position of its phenolic ring.
Organochlorine contaminants in body tissue of free-ranging white-tailed eagles from northern regions of Germany
Authors: Kenntner Norbert , Krone Oliver , Oehme Günter , Heidecke Dietrich , Tataruch Frieda 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Concentrations of the organochlorine pesticides hexachlorobenzene (HCB), γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (γ-HCH), DDT and its metabolite p,p′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), and seven polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners were analyzed in livers and adipose tissue samples of 145 white-tailed eagles found dead or moribund in Germany from 1979 to 2001. Most birds were found in the region of the former German Democratic Republic where the insecticide DDT was used until 1988. Therefore, our samples represent mainly residue data of specimens following the ban of DDT in these regions. Contaminant levels of 127 immature and adult birds found between the years 1990 and 2001 were in general below threshold levels known for detrimental effects. The highest level of σDDT was detected in an adult bird found dead in 1979. Residues of most organochlorines were highly significantly correlated between hepatic and adipose tissue. Concentrations of σDDT increase during aging, whereas only the levels of the higher-chlorinated PCBs were higher in tissues of adult birds compared with the younger age classes. Hepatic residues of σDDT and HCB and the ratio of σDDT to σPCB, respectively, were significantly declining from 1990 to 2001. The indices given for body condition of specimen were significantly correlated with liver concentrations, indicating higher residues in more emaciated birds.
Stable isotopes and fatty acids reveal thatChironomus ripariusfeeds selectively on added food in standardized toxicity tests
Authors: Åkerblom Nina , Goedkoop Willem 
Published: March 2010

AbstractDuring long-term standardized toxicity tests with Chironomus riparius, food additions are a prerequisite for normal development and to avoid false-positive results. Consequently, larvae may selectively feed on added food rather than on contaminated sediment, which may confound toxicity test results. We designed a feeding study and estimated the degree of feeding on different food resources by using stable isotope and fatty acid (FA) analyses. In one treatment, larvae were offered both artificial sediment (peat, kaolin clay, sand, and calcium carbonate) and added food (TetraPhyllr̀), whereas larvae in the two other treatments had access to either one of these potential food items. The highest biomass and survival were found among larvae with access to both artificial sediment and TetraPhyll. Two-source mixing models revealed that larval Chironomus that were offered both TetraPhyll and artificial sediment obtained 94 ± 6.9% of their carbon and 90 ± 4.3% of their nitrogen from added TetraPhyll. Larvae with access to only sediment had lower Δ13C and Δ15N (–23.34 ± 0.56%‰ and 0.33 ± 0.52%‰) than those that were offered both sediment and TetraPhyll (–20.95 ± 0.13%‰ and 7.45 ± 0.36%‰) or only TetraPhyll (–20.17 ± 0.20%‰ and 7.82 ± 0.15%‰). In addition, FA composition of larvae that were offered both artificial sediment and TetraPhyll closely resembled that of those fed exclusively TetraPhyll. These results show that larval Chironumus strongly prefer added food, rather than artificial sediment in long-term toxicity tests. This preferential feeding behavior affects exposure pathways and ultimately toxicity test results.
Spatial distribution of polychlorinated naphthalenes in air over the Great Lakes and air-water gas exchange in Lake Ontario
Authors: Helm Paul A. , Jantunen Liisa M. , Ridal Jeff , Bidleman Terry F. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
High-volume air sample were collected during research cruises of Lake Superior in August 1996 and May 1977 and of Lake Ontario (North America) in July and September 1998 and June 2000 and analyzed for polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs). Levels of tetra- to octachloronaphthalene (ΣPCN) varied spatially, with mean values (±SD) of 1.78 ± 0.74 and 1.46 ± 1.07 pg m−3 for Lake Superior in 1996 and 1997, respectively, and of 5.53 ± 2.19 and 5.60 ± 2.24 pg m−3 for Lake Ontario in 1998 and 2000, respectively. Evaporative sources were predominant, although combustion marker congeners such as tetrachloronaphthalenes 44 and 29 and pentachloronaphthalene 54 were present in most samples and were enhanced relative to technical PCN mixtures. The ΣPCN concentrations were higher in Lake Ontario samples collected in the western half of the lake and when winds were from the west. Greater proportions of the population and industrial areas are located around the western part of Lake Ontario. Water-air fugacity ratios, calculated from air and water samples collected in June 2000, indicate that the trichloronaphthalenes are volatilizing from Lake Ontario, whereas the tetrachloronaphthalenes are close to equilibrium and the net deposition of tetrachloronaphthalenes can occur when the urban air plume influences levels over the lake.
Toxicity of cyanobacterial bloom in the eutrophic dam reservoir (Southeast Poland)
Authors: Sierosławska Anna , Rymuszka Anna , Kalinowska Renata , Skowroński Tadeusz , Bownik Adam , Pawlik-Skowrońska Barbara 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Cyanobacterial bloom was observed in a highly eutrophic dam reservoir, Zemborzycki, near Lublin (SE Poland) over a warm period in the year 2007. The water bloom consisted of several cyanobacterial taxa: Anabaena circinalis, Anabaena spiroides, Anabaena flos-aquae, Planktothrix agardhii, Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, Aphanizomenon gracile, and Microcystis flos-aquae. Anabaena spp., and Aphanizomenon spp., potential producers of neurotoxic anatoxin-a, quantitatively predominated in the studied bloom. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of surface scum sampled during Anabaena circinalis domination revealed the presence of anatoxin-a at a high concentration (1,035.59 µg per liter of surface scum). At the same time, neither gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) nor microcystin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test showed the presence of other frequently found cyanotoxins, microcystins. Toxicity of cyanobacterial bloom was assessed by the crustacean acute toxicity test Daphtoxkit F™ pulex using Daphnia pulex, and by the chronic toxicity test Protoxkit F™ with a ciliate protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila. The crude extract of cyanobacterial scum showed high toxicity for Daphnia pulex, with 24-h median effective concentration (EC50) value of 90.3 µg/L of anatoxin-a, which corresponded to the cyanobacterial density in the scum of 1.01 g dry weight/L. For Tetrahymena thermophila, 24-h EC50 was lower, evaluated to be 60.48 µg/L of anatoxin-a, which corresponded to a cyanobacterial density of 0.68 g dry weight/L of the scum. On the basis of evaluated toxicity units, the cyanobacterial extract was classified at class IV toxicity, which means high toxic hazard. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:556–560. © 2009 SETAC
New directions in cancer therapy ‐ HDAC inhibitors
Authors: Schey Stephen 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe HDACis (histone deacetylation inhibitors) are an active class of drugs that have been used to treat a wide variety of tumours including breast cancer, prostate cancer, multiple myeloma, thyroid cancer and Hodgkin's and non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma. One HDAC, vorinostat, has been licensed by the FDA, but more work is needed to identify and delineate the histone and nonhistone targets of these agents. In this article, Dr Steve Schey considers the place of HDACis in future cancer therapy. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
COPD management: new and existing therapy options
Authors: Price David , Siddall Rhonda 
Published: March 2010

AbstractEarly detection and appropriate management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may help to reduce the high mortality and morbidity associated with this disease. New pharmacological treatments for COPD, along with the implementation of recommendations of the National Strategy for COPD due for publication later this year, will help to raise the standard of care and improve outcomes for COPD patients. In this article, Professor Price and Rhonda Siddall consider current COPD therapy and look at future treatment options for COPD. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High Performance Carbon‐Supported Core@Shell PdSn@Pt Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Zhang W. , Wang R. , Wang H. , Lei Z. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn this report, a low‐cost and high performance PdSn@Pt/C catalyst with core–shell structure is prepared by two‐stage route. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examinations show that the composite catalyst particles distribution is quite homogeneous and has a high surface area and the PdSn@Pt/C catalyst has an average diameter of ca. 5.6 nm. The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity of PdSn@Pt/C was higher than commercial Pt/C catalyst. Catalytic activity is studied by cyclic voltammetry. High electrocatalytic activities could be attributed to the synergistic effect between Pt and PdSn.
The role of chromosome 21 in hematology and oncology
Authors: Fonatsch Christa 
Published: March 2010

AbstractNewborns and children with Down syndrome (DS) often present with congenital transient leukemia and have an increased risk of acute myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Thus, constitutional trisomy 21 represents an excellent model to study the origin and progression of leukemia. However, trisomy 21 can also occur as a somatic chromosome aberration leading to sporadic leukemia. During the 50 years, since the discovery of constitutional trisomy 21 in DS, we have also learned that this small chromosome 21, harboring about 300 genes, may be involved in numerous structural aberrations, e.g., translocations, deletions, and amplifications, in leukemias, lymphomas, and solid tumors. Moreover, genes located on chromosome 21 have been identified that play an important role in tumorigenesis. Somatic mutations of several of these genes have been shown to be associated with different solid tumors, but also constitutional mutations of a specific gene on chromosome 21 leading to myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia have been described. In this review, the specific forms of myeloid leukemia as well as of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children with DS will be presented and possible explanations for the paucity of solid tumors in DS will be given. Somatic numerical as well as structural chromosome 21 aberrations in association with leukemias will be described. Finally, the nature and function of specific genes, like RUNX1, TMPRSS2, and TFF, located in 21q, and their role in tumorigenesis will be exemplified. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reduced expression of the ATRX gene, a chromatin‐remodeling factor, causes hippocampal dysfunction in mice
Authors: Nogami Tatsuya , Beppu Hideyuki , Tokoro Takashi , Moriguchi Shigeki , Shioda Norifumi , Fukunaga Kohji , Ohtsuka Toshihisa , Ishii Yoko , Sasahara Masakiyo , Shimada Yutaka , Nishijo Hisao , Li En , Kitajima Isao 
Published: March 2010

AbstractMutations of the ATRX gene, which encodes an ATP‐dependent chromatin‐remodeling factor, were identified in patients with α‐thalassemia X‐linked mental retardation (ATR‐X) syndrome. There is a milder variant of ATR‐X syndrome caused by mutations in the Exon 2 of the gene. To examine the impact of the Exon 2 mutation on neuronal development, we generated ATRX mutant (ATRXΔE2) mice. Truncated ATRX protein was produced from the ATRXΔE2 mutant allele with reduced expression level. The ATRXΔE2 mice survived and reproduced normally. There was no significant difference in Morris water maze test between wild‐type and ATRXΔE2 mice. In a contextual fear conditioning test, however, total freezing time was decreased in ATRXΔE2 mice compared to wild‐type mice, suggesting that ATRXΔE2 mice have impaired contextual fear memory. ATRXΔE2 mice showed significantly reduced long‐term potentiation in the hippocampal CA1 region evoked by high‐frequency stimulation. Moreover, autophosphorylation of calcium‐calmodulin‐dependent kinase II (αCaMKII) and phosphorylation of glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA 1 (GluR1) were decreased in the hippocampi of the ATRXΔE2 mice compared to wild‐type mice. These findings suggest that ATRXΔE2 mice may have fear‐associated learning impairment with the dysfunction of αCaMKII and GluR1. The ATRXΔE2 mice would be useful tools to investigate the role of the chromatin‐remodeling factor in the pathogenesis of abnormal behaviors and learning impairment. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.