bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Force-dependent discharge of nematocysts in the sea anemone Haliplanella luciae (Verrill)
Authors: Todaro Dustin , Watson Glen M. 
Published: May 2012

Summary
Sea anemones discharge cnidae (‘stinging capsules’ including nematocysts) to capture prey and to defend themselves. In the present study, we tested the relationship between the force of test probes striking feeding tentacles and discharge of microbasic p-mastigophore nematocysts into the test probes. In seawater alone, the response curve is bimodal with maximal discharge observed at 0.33 and 1.10 millinewtons (mN) and with minimal discharge at 1.50 mN. Upon activating chemoreceptors for N-acetylated sugars, maximal discharge is observed across a broad range of smaller forces from 0.16 to 0.9 mN before decreasing to a minimum at 1.50 mN. Likewise, in the presence of nearby vibrations at key frequencies, maximal discharge is observed over a broad range of smaller forces before decreasing to a minimum at 1.50 mN. It appears that sensory input indicating proximity of potential prey expands the range of small forces of impact that stimulate maximal discharge (i.e. to less than 1.10 mN) but not at larger forces of impact (i.e. at approximately 1.50 mN). Thus, contact by small prey would stimulate maximal discharge, and all the more so if such contact is accompanied by specific odorants or by vibrations at specific frequencies. Nevertheless, anemones would not maximally discharge nematocysts into large animals that blunder into contact with their tentacles.
Identification of the ubiquitin ligase Triad1 as a regulator of endosomal transport
Authors: Hassink Gerco , Slotman Johan , Oorschot Viola , Van Der Reijden Bert A. , Monteferrario Davide , Noordermeer Sylvie M. , Van Kerkhof Peter , Klumperman Judith , Strous Ger J. 
Published: May 2012

Summary
The ubiquitin system plays an important role in trafficking of signaling receptors from the plasma membrane to lysosomes. Triad1 is a ubiquitin ligase that catalyzes the formation of poly-ubiquitin chains linked via lysine-48 as well as lysine-63 residues. We show that depletion of Triad1 affects the sorting of both growth hormone and epidermal growth factor. Triad1-depleted cells accumulate both ligands in endosomes. While fluid phase transport to the lysosomes is reduced in the absence of Triad1, growth hormone receptor can recycle back to the plasma membrane together with transferrin. Using immune electron microscopy we show that Triad1 depletion results in enlarged endosomes with enlarged and irregular shaped intraluminal vesicles. The endosomes display prominent clathrin coats and show increased levels of growth hormone label. We conclude that Triad1 is required for the proper function of multivesicular bodies.
Quality of Life with Gefitinib in Patients with EGFR-Mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Quality of Life Analysis of North East Japan Study Group 002 Trial
Authors: Oizumi Satoshi , Kobayashi Kunihiko , Inoue Akira , Maemondo Makoto , Sugawara Shunichi , Yoshizawa Hirohisa , Isobe Hiroshi , Harada Masao , Kinoshita Ichiro , Okinaga Shoji , Kato Terufumi , Harada Toshiyuki , Gemma Akihiko , Saijo Yasuo , Yokomizo Yuki , Morita Satoshi , Hagiwara Koichi , Nukiwa Toshihiro 
Published: May 2012

Abstract

Background.
For non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, first-line gefitinib produced a longer progression-free survival interval than first-line carboplatin plus paclitaxel but did not show any survival advantage in the North East Japan 002 study. This report describes the quality of life (QoL) analysis of that study.

Methods.
Chemotherapy-naïve patients with sensitive EGFR-mutated, advanced NSCLC were randomized to receive gefitinib or chemotherapy (carboplatin and paclitaxel). Patient QoL was assessed weekly using the Care Notebook, and the primary endpoint of the QoL analysis was time to deterioration from baseline on each of the physical, mental, and life well-being QoL scales. Kaplan–Meier probability curves and log-rank tests were employed to clarify differences.

Results.
QoL data from 148 patients (72 in the gefitinib arm and 76 in the carboplatin plus paclitaxel arm) were analyzed. Time to defined deterioration in physical and life well-being significantly favored gefitinib over chemotherapy (hazard ratio [HR] of time to deterioration, 0.34; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.23–0.50; p &lt; .0001 and HR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.28–0.65; p &lt; .0001, respectively).

Conclusion.
QoL was maintained much longer in patients treated with gefitinib than in patients treated with standard chemotherapy, indicating that gefitinib should be considered as the standard first-line therapy for advanced EGFR-mutated NSCLC in spite of no survival advantage.
Detected Renal Cysts Are Tips of the Iceberg in Adults with ADPKD
Authors: Grantham Jared J. , Mulamalla Sumanth , Grantham Connor J. , Wallace Darren P. , Cook Larry T. , Wetzel Louis H. , Fields Timothy A. , Bae K. T. 
Published: May 2012

Summary

Background and objectives
In autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, progressive renal enlargement secondary to expanding cysts is a hallmark. The total cyst load and range of cyst diameters are unknown. The purpose of this study was to quantify the total number and range of diameters of individual cysts in adults with preserved GFR.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
A retrospective, morphometric analysis of renal cyst number and diameter using magnetic resonance images from eight adult autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease patients was performed at baseline and after 6.9 years. Cyst number and diameter were measured in microscopic sections of nephrectomy specimens from five different adults.

Results
The diameters of 1010 cysts ranged from 0.9 to 77.1 mm in baseline T2 magnetic resonance images, and the mean total number of cysts increased from 682 to 1002 in 6.9 years. However, magnetic resonance imaging detects only cysts above the lower limit of detection. In 405 cysts measured in nephrectomy specimens, 70% had diameters <0.9 mm. Cyst counts by magnetic resonance in eight subjects compared with histology revealed approximately 62 times more cysts below the limit of magnetic resonance imaging detection than above it.

Conclusions
This study presents quantitative data indicating that renal cysts develop in a minority of renal tubules. Increased numbers detected by magnetic resonance imaging are caused primarily by cysts below detection at baseline enlarging to a detectable diameter over time. The broad range of diameters, with a heavy concentration of microscopic cysts, may be most appropriately explained by a formation process that operates continuously throughout life.
Nephrology Quiz and Questionnaire
Authors: Golper Thomas A. , Glassock Richard J. , Bleyer Anthony J. 
Published: May 2012

Summary
Presentation of the Nephrology Quiz and Questionnaire has become an annual “tradition” at the meetings of the American Society of Nephrology. It is a very popular session judged by consistently large attendance. Members of the audience test their knowledge and judgment on a series of case-oriented questions prepared and discussed by experts. They can also compare their answers in real time, using audience response devices, with those of program directors of nephrology training programs in the United States, acquired through an Internet-based questionnaire. Topics presented here include fluid and electrolyte disorders, transplantation, and ESRD and dialysis. Cases representing each of these categories along with single best answer questions were prepared by a panel of experts (Drs. Palmer, Hricik, and Golper, respectively). After the audience responses, the “correct” and “incorrect” answers then were briefly discussed and the results of the questionnaire were displayed. This article aims to recapitulate the session and reproduce its educational value for a larger audience—readers of the Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. Have fun.
REE in fluid inclusions of quartz from gold deposits of north-eastern Russia
Authors: Vikent’eva Olga , Gamyanin Gennady , Bortnikov Nikolay 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) has been used to determine rare earth element concentrations in aqueous solutions extracted from fluid inclusions. Quartz has been sampled from ores of three major types of polygenic gold hydrothermal systems of North-Eastern Russia: (1) gold-quartz-sulphide (Au-Q, Nezhdaninsk); (2) gold-antimony (Au-Sb, Sarylakh) and (3) intrusion-related gold-bismuth-siderite-polysulphide (Au-Bi-Sid, Arkachan) large deposits located in terrigenous rocks of the Verkhoyansk fold belt. The total concentration of REE in the fluid inclusions is not high (up to 52 ppm). The contribution of LREE dominates in REE balance (ΣLREE/ΣHREE=7.4–112.1). The chondrite-normalized REE patterns of inclusion fluids for the Au-Q and Au-Bi-Sid deposits are characterized by LREE enrichment with a positive or negative Eu anomaly. REE patterns for the regenerated quartz from Au-Sb deposits are characterized by pronounced differentiation between light and heavy lanthanides in fluid inclusions. Significant total REE concentration decreasing (on 1–2 order) from early to late stages of Nezhdaninsk and Arkachan deposits is revealed. The positive correlations of total REE concentrations with Rb, Cs, Li and B contents in fluid inclusions are shown. The REE distribution in fluid inclusions can be used as indicators of the contribution of magmatic fluid in the hydrothermal system.
Usefulness of f-18 FDG PET/CT in subcutaneous panniculitis-like t cell lymphoma: disease extent and treatment response evaluation
Authors: Kim Jin-Suk , Jeong Young Jin , Sohn Myung-Hee , Jeong Hwan-Jeong , Lim Seok Tae , Kim Dong Wook , Kwak Jae-Yong , Yim Chang-Yeol 
Published: May 2012

Background. Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (SPTCL) is a rare form of cutaneous lymphomas, accounting for less than 1% of cases of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (F-18 FDG) positronemission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) findings of SPTCL before and after treatment were rarely reported.
Case report. We report a case of SPTCL in which F-18 FDG PET/CT showed increased FDG accumulations in numerous subcutaneous nodules without extracutaneous disease. Contrast-enhanced CT during F-18 FDG PET/CT showed multiple minimally enhancing nodules with an infiltrative pattern in the subcutaneous layer throughout the body. Follow-up F-18 FDG PET/CT after three cycles of CHOP chemotherapy showed a complete metabolic remission of the lesions.
Conclusions. F-18 FDG PET/CT is suggested to be useful in assessing the disease activity, extent and treatment response in SPTCL.
Damage of testicular cell macromolecules and reproductive capacity of male rats following co-administration of ethambutol, rifampicin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide
Authors: Shayakhmetova Ganna , Bondarenko Larysa , Kovalenko Valentina 
Published: May 2012

Damage of testicular cell macromolecules and reproductive capacity of male rats following co-administration of ethambutol, rifampicin, isoniazid and pyrazinamideThe necessity to minimize adverse effects of tuberculosis chemotherapy requires a comprehensive evaluation of the effects of antituberculosis drugs on the reproductive system and testicular cell macromolecules. The epidemiological situation of tuberculosis in Central and Eastern Europe is getting worse. Data on adverse effects of antituberculosis drugs are scare concerning particularly their effects on the reproductive system. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential effect of ethambutol, rifampicin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide co-administration on lipid peroxidation, glutathione content and protein SH-groups, DNA fragmentation levels, the reproductive capacity of Wistar male rats and the antenatal development of their posterity. The rats (150-170 g) were divided into two groups: group I - received antituberculosis drugs suspended in 1% starch gel per os: ethambutol - 155 mg/kg b.w./day, rifampicin - 74.4 mg/kg b.w./day, isoniazid - 62 mg/kg b.w./day, pyrazinamide - 217 mg/kg b.w./day, group II (control) - received only starch gel in corresponding volumes. The contents of TBA-active compounds, glutathione and protein SH-groups in testis and sperm were determined spectrophotometrically, the DNA-fragmentation was determined using an UV transilluminator (BIORAD, USA), reproductive system indices were measured by standard methods. The co-administration of therapeutic doses of ethambutol, isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide to male rats during the period of spermatogenesis caused an increase in the rate of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances formation in testis and sperm, decrease of testis glutathione and protein SH-group contents, significant changes in DNA fragmentation, fatal decrease of male fertilizing capacity and fertility, and increase of pre- and post-implantation embryo lethality. The changes in reproductive indices could be the result of direct or indirect effects of one or more drugs investigated.
Acetylcholine and an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor neostigmine can aggravate tularemia progress in BALB/c mice
Authors: Pohanka Miroslav , Pavlis Oto , Svobodova Hana , Pikula Jiri 
Published: May 2012

Acetylcholine and an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor neostigmine can aggravate tularemia progress in BALB/c miceThe present experiment was aimed at assessing the application of neostigmine, an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) pseudo-irreversible inhibitor with poor penetration through the hematoencephalitic barrier, and the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh). The experiment was done to evaluate their ability to modulate an infectious disease: tularemia. Mice infected withFranciselle tularensisand exposed to either ACh or neostigmine had a higher mortality and spleen bacterial burden when compared to infected mice exposed to saline solution only. The activated cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway suppressed pathways necessary for tularemia resolution. Administration of AChE inhibitors to the individuals suffering from tularemia is contra-indicatory. Drugs based on AChE inhibition should be restricted when tularemia or disease with a similar pathogenesis is suspected.
Arsenic levels in tube-wells water, food, residents' urine and the prevalence of skin lesions in Yatenga province, Burkina Faso
Authors: Somé Issa , Sakira Abdoul , Ouédraogo Moustapha , Ouédraogo Theodore , Traoré Adama , Sondo Blaise , Guissou Pierre 
Published: May 2012

Arsenic levels in tube-wells water, food, residents' urine and the prevalence of skin lesions in Yatenga province, Burkina FasoThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the levels of arsenic in tube-well water, food and residents' urines samples in Yatenga province, Burkina Faso. The prevalence of skin lesions was evaluated as well. The study was cross-sectional in design. It was conducted during April 2009. Permanent residents of 20 villages were included in the study. Water samples were collected from 31 tube-wells located in the selected villages. Tomatoes, cabbages, and potatoes produced in the selected village were randomly sampled. Arsenic content in water, food, and residents' urine was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry using hydride generation method. Finally, 240 people were examined by a medical doctor for skin lesions. Arsenic concentrations from the tube-well water ranged from 1 to 124 μg/l. Arsenic concentrations of more than one-half (52%) of the water samples exceeded the WHO guideline value (10 μg/l). No trace of arsenic was found in the samples of tomatoes, cabbages, and potatoes. Variation in arsenic concentrations in the urines was correlated to arsenic concentrations in tube-well water. Clinical examinations revealed that melanosis and keratosis were respectively identified in 29.26% and 46.34% of the population. Both conditions were observed in 24.39% of the population. The frequency of skin lesions was positively associated with the arsenic concentration in tube-well water. A great majority (89.53%) of those who had skin lesions were at least 18 years old. In conclusion, chronic arsenic poisoning remains a major public health problem in the province of Yatenga (Burkina Faso).
Certainty of career choice at the beginning of university studies - general strategies and attributions in achievement situations, and career motives
Authors: Hirsto Laura 
Published: May 2012

Certainty of career choice at the beginning of university studies - general strategies and attributions in achievement situations, and career motives
The focus of this paper is on certainty of career choice at the beginning of university studies, and how this relates to students' career motives and more general strategies and attributions in achievement situations. The paper sample comprised 137 first-year students of theology, who completed a questionnaire developed on the basis of earlier studies on motives for studying theology and certainty of career choice. The questionnaire included a section on strategies and attributions in achievement situations (SAQ), a section covering the reasons and motives for starting to study theology and a scale measuring uncertainty of career choice. According to the results, uncertainty of career choice related positively to being assured of a place to study, and negatively to having a spiritual calling, a helping orientation and self-fulfillment. In the first year of university studies it also related positively to task avoidance and social pessimism, and negatively to success expectation. Stepwise regression analysis showed that being assured of a place to study, having a spiritual calling and low self-fulfillment explained 57 percent of the total variance. The strategies and attributions the students used in achievement situations were very modest predictors of uncertainty in career choice. Success expectation and task avoidance explained nine percent of the variance.
L'Italie et la crise de suez
Authors: Onelli Frederica 
Published: May 2012

Résumé Durant la seconde moitié des années 1950, l’Italie a essayé de retrouver une position importante en Méditerranée et au Moyen-Orient en se libérant des limites imposées à sa diplomatie à la suite de sa défaite lors de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. La péninsule avait en effet traditionnellement assuré une fonction de pont entre l’Occident et le monde arabe. La crise de Suez fut un test important pour mesurer les forces et les faiblesses de l’activité diplomatique de la nouvelle République italienne. À cette occasion, Nasser s’est montré assez disposé à considérer Rome comme un canal utile de communication avec le bloc occidental, mais les divergences d’opinion parmi les acteurs politiques et diplomatiques italiens ont fini par compromettre le rôle de la diplomatie italienne.
L'Italie, la France et la guerre d'Algérie
Authors: Bagnato Bruna 
Published: May 2012

Résumé L’Italie adhère hypocritement à la thèse française sur le caractère « intérieur » des « événements » d’Algérie puisqu’elle craint les effets d’une attitude différente. Ses craintes changent tout au long de la guerre. Jusqu’en mars 1957, l’Italie appuie la France en Algérie par crainte de saboter, autrement, le processus d’intégration européenne. Dans les mois suivants et jusqu’en mai 1958, l’on craint que l’« abandon » de la France pourrait y favoriser un tournant autoritaire ou « gauchiste » et une reconsidération de ses relations occidentales. Après le retour au pouvoir de De Gaulle, on considère que le Général ne peut opter pour une solution libérale pour l’Algérie que s’il obtient des satisfactions pour la France, en termes de prestige et de solidarité, sur les terrains européen et atlantique.
L'Italie et la crise congolaise au début des années 1960
Authors: Rognoni Maria Stella 
Published: May 2012

Résumé Le 30 juin 1960, le Congo obtint son indépendance. Les craintes de la veille, liées à une transition que beaucoup considéraient comme trop rapide, ne tardèrent pas à se révéler bien fondées. Cette contribution vise à analyser le rôle joué par l’Italie face à une crise qui attira, en un bref laps de temps, l’attention de tous les principaux acteurs du système international. En effet, le Congo du début des années 1960 n’était pas seulement un lieu de conflits entre des conceptions opposées d’indépendance ; il devint aussi très vite le banc d’essai pour tester la résistance des alliances historiques et explorer de nouveaux équilibres possibles. Les exigences en matière de politique intérieure, les ambitions internationales et les intérêts économiques marquèrent les limites d’une action que l’Italie chercha à accomplir de manière autonome et c’est en soutenant les initiatives des Nations unies qu’elle forgea le dynamisme tempéré qui allait devenir son trait distinctif.
Des intérêts difficilement conciliables : l'Italie, l'Europe et la crise des Falkland (avril-juin 1982)
Authors: Mechi Lorenzo , Chiampan Andrea 
Published: May 2012

Résumé Lorsque éclate la guerre anglo-argentine des Falkland, au printemps 1982, le Gouvernement de Spadolini soutint l’embargo de la cee contre les importations provenant du pays sud-américain, coupable d’avoir déchainé la crise. Mais bientôt, à cause d’importants intérêts économiques et de la forte présence italienne en Argentine, la majorité des forces politiques de la péninsule impose au Gouvernement de s’en dissocier, en provoquant ainsi une fracture entre l’Italie et les autres pays européens. La fracture fut rapidement réparée grâce à la victoire britannique et à la bonne volonté de tous les pays impliqués, mais elle mit en lumière les difficultés du monde politique italien d’élaborer une politique étrangère cohérente sur des questions controversées et avec des intérêts difficilement conciliables.
Existence et manifestation. Le johannisme platonicien de Marius Victorinus
Authors: Petit Alain 
Published: May 2012

Résumé Si la manifestation a donné à l’ exsistentia ses lettres de noblesse, l’on découvre une irréductibilité de l’existence eu égard à sa manifestation, une réserve de ce qui est par rapport à ce qu’il laisse apparaître de lui-même. Parce qu’il a relayé le platonisme en son élaboration plotinienne, le johannisme a mis l’accent sur une extase de l’être hors de lui-même, condition même de l’émergence du vocabulaire de l’ex-sistence ; mais parce qu’il a poursuivi son chemin au-delà du plotinisme, Marius Victorinus a reconnu une indépendance de l’existence à l’égard de son apparaître extatique. Cette indépendance de l’existence (l’existence paternelle) à l’égard de ce qu’il laisse transparaître tient au fait que cette extase est commandée par la volonté. Avec le Logos, la « puissance » de Dieu, par elle-même inconnaissable, prend l’apparence d’une « sagesse ». Le johannisme platonicien de Marius Victorinus occupe en ce sens une place centrale entre l’« expressionnisme » origénien et l’« idéalisme » augustinien.
Substance, sujet, acte. La première réception latine d'Aristote : Marius Victorinus et Boèce
Authors: Trégo Kristell 
Published: May 2012

Résumé On sait comment le choix du terme latin substantia est inséparable d’une interprétation de l’ ousia aristotélicienne comme d’un sujet (stable) recevant des propriétés ou accidents. Cette interprétation de l’étant n’a toutefois pas été exclusive chez les premiers auteurs latins qui se sont approprié la doctrine aristotélicienne des catégories. Marius Victorinus et Boèce se sont en effet attachés, l’un comme l’autre, mais selon des approches distinctes, à un autre sens de l’être : dans cette optique, ce qui est demande à être envisagé, non pas en termes de sujet (subiectum) , mais en termes d’acte ( actus , mais aussi opus/operatio ). L’article examine la manière dont cette attention portée à l’acte transmet sans doute, mais en même temps modifie la thématique aristotélicienne de l’ ousia hôs energeia .