bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pre-eclampsia and long-term risk of arrhythmias
Authors: Havers-Borgersen Eva , Stahl Anna , Johansen Marianne , Jøns Christian , Køber Lars , Fosbøl Emil L 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Aims
Pre-eclampsia (PE), a pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorder, affects 4–5% of pregnancies worldwide. It is well known that hypertension is associated with an increased risk of arrhythmias; however, data on the association between PE and arrhythmias are sparse.

Methods and results
In this observational cohort study, we identified all primiparous women who gave birth in Denmark (1997–2016) using Danish nationwide registries. The women were stratified on whether they developed PE during primiparous pregnancy and followed from primiparous pregnancy to incident arrhythmia, emigration, death, or end of study (31 December 2018). A total of 523 271 primiparous women with a median age of 28 years were included, and 23 367 (4.5%) were diagnosed with PE. During a median follow-up of 10.1 years, women with and without PE were associated with a higher incidence of arrhythmias (1.42 vs. 1.02%): (i) composite of cardiac arrest, ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation, or implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.60, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14–2.24], (ii) composite of advanced second- or third-degree atrioventricular block, sinoatrial dysfunction, or pacemaker implantation [adjusted HR 1.48 (95% CI 0.97–2.23)], (iii) composite of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias or extra systoles [adjusted HR 1.34 (95% CI 1.19–1.51)], and (iv) composite of all the above-mentioned arrhythmias [adjusted HR 1.37 (95% CI 1.23–1.54)].

Conclusion
Pre-eclamptic women were associated with a significantly and at hitherto unknown long-term increased rate of arrhythmias. This finding suggests that women with PE may benefit from cardiovascular risk assessment, screening, and preventive education.
Designing, piloting and evaluating (through a matched pre- and post-implementation survey) a targeted e-learning resource on antimicrobial resistance for public health professionals
Authors: Taylor Hannah M , Mearkle Rachel A , Huyton Rita A M , Ashiru-Oredope Diane 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant global public health threat and key priority for the public health, especially health protection, workforce to lead by example. There is a paucity of learning resources on this for public health professionals (PHPs) in the UK. This project aimed to develop and disseminate a tailored interactive learning resource and evaluate impact on self-reported intention to change behaviour.

Methods
Learning objectives were agreed, content developed by the multi-disciplinary team and piloted by PHPs in 2022 alongside a matched pre- and post-implementation evaluation survey. Questions were mapped to the capability–opportunity–motivation–behaviour change model. Before and after responses were calculated to compare change in self-reported knowledge, understanding and behaviour. Significance of change in binary responses was estimated.

Results
The resource was delivered using an interactive, user-friendly and cost-free internal platform. Thirty-one PHPs completed the pilot e-learning and survey. Perceived and actual knowledge increased in parallel. Actual knowledge on AMR burden increased from 6.45 to 35.48% (P = 0.004). Self-reported confidence to explain AMR to others improved by 0.71 (95% CI; 0.38–1.04: P = 0.0001) Likert points on a five-point scale. Motivation to advocate for antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) in day-to-day work, improved by 0.71 (95% CI; 0.34–1.08: P &lt; 0.00001) Likert points. Case scenarios were well-received as an effective way to apply theory to practice.

Conclusion
Ensuring a well-informed and confident public health workforce is vital for reducing the AMR threat and advocating for AMS with the public and partner organizations. This targeted e-learning module is an effective additional learning medium in contributing to PHPs knowledge, understanding and self-reported intention to change behaviours.
Association of Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Neuropathologies With Functional Disability in Persons With and Without Dementia
Authors: Farfel Jose M , Capuano Ana W , Buchman Aron S , Schneider Julie A , Bennett David A 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Dementia results from multiple neuropathologies causing cognitive impairment sufficiently severe to affect functional status. However, these pathologies and functional impairment are common in persons without dementia. We examined the association of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and multiple other neuropathologies with instrumental and basic activities of daily living in persons with and without dementia.

Methods
Participants were 1 509 deceased from the Religious Orders Study or Rush Memory and Aging Project. Pathologic AD and 3 other AD indices were examined, in addition to 4 non-AD neurodegenerative pathologies: cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), hippocampal sclerosis, TDP-43, and Lewy bodies, and 4 cerebrovascular pathologies: gross- and microinfarctions, athero- and arteriolosclerosis. Functional assessment included Lawton and Katz Index Instrumental and Basic Activities of Daily Living (IADL and BADL). Ordinal regression models adjusted for age, sex, and education were used to examine the association of neuropathologies with IADL and BADL.

Results
Alzheimer’s disease and the other neuropathologies were associated with impaired IADL (all ps &lt; .001) and with impaired BADL (ps &lt; .01), except for atherosclerosis and CAA, which were not associated with BADL. The effects of most neuropathologies were largely affected by dementia. However, small effects on IADL remained for PHF-tau tangles after adjusting models for dementia. Direct effects of gross infarcts on IADL and BADL and of microinfarcts on BADL remained unchanged after adjusting the models for dementia.

Conclusions
Alzheimer’s disease and all other neuropathologies are strongly associated with functional disability. The association of most neuropathologies with disability was eliminated or attenuated by dementia, except for gross infarcts and microinfarcts.
Comparing health systems readiness for integrating domestic violence services in Brazil, occupied Palestinian Territories, Nepal and Sri Lanka
Authors: Colombini Manuela , Shrestha Satya , Pereira Stephanie , Kalichman Beatriz , Siriwardhana Prabhash , Silva Tharuka , Halaseh Rana , d’Oliveira Ana Flavia , Rishal Poonam , Bhatt Pusp Raj , Shaheen Amira , Joudeh Nagham , Rajapakse Thilini , Alkaiyat Abdulsalam , Feder Gene , Moreno Claudia Garcia , Bacchus Loraine J 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Domestic violence (DV) is a global prevalent health problem leading to adverse health consequences, yet health systems are often unprepared to address it. This article presents a comparative synthesis of the health system’s pre-conditions necessary to enable integration of DV in health services in Brazil, Nepal, Sri Lanka and occupied Palestinian Territories (oPT). A cross-country, comparative analysis was conducted using a health systems readiness framework. Data collection involved multiple data sources, including qualitative interviews with various stakeholders; focus-group discussions with women; structured facility observations; and a survey with providers. Our findings highlight deficiencies in policy and practice that need to be addressed for an effective DV response. Common readiness gaps include unclear and limited guidance on DV, unsupportive leadership coupled with limited training and resources. Most providers felt unprepared, lacked guidance and felt unsupported and unprotected by managers and their health system. While in Brazil most providers felt they should respond to DV cases, many in Sri Lanka preferred not to. Such organizational and service delivery challenges, in turn, also affected how health providers responded to DV cases leaving them not confident, uncertain about their knowledge and unsure about their role. Furthermore, providers’ personal beliefs and values on DV and gender norms also impacted their motivation and ability to respond, prompting some to become ‘activists’ while others were reluctant to intervene and prone to blame women. Our synthesis also pointed to a gap in women’s use of health services for DV as they had low trust in providers. Our conceptual framework demonstrates the importance of having clear policies and highlights the need to engage leadership across every level of the system to reframe challenges and strengthen routine practices. Future research should also determine the ways in which women’s understanding and needs related to DV help-seeking are addressed.
Combined or High Dose Immunosuppression in Inflammatory Bowel Disease patients who are NUDT15 Homozygous Harbors Risk of Developing Invasive Fungal Infections: A Case Series
Authors: Thomas David Mathew , Mundhra Sandeep Kumar , Prasad Shubham , Swaroop Shekhar , Arora Umang , Ahmed Syed , Bhalla Ashu Seith , Sharma Raju , Das Prasenjit , Kedia Saurabh , Ahuja Vineet 
Published: May 2024

Lay Summary
NUDT15 homozygous mutations predispose patients to severe leucopenia, which invites risk of disseminated fungal infections when high doses or a combination of immunosuppressives are administered in this patient population.
An equilibrated estimator for mixed finite element discretizations of the curl-curl problem
Authors: Chaumont-Frelet T 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We propose a new a posteriori error estimator for mixed finite element discretizations of the curl-curl problem. This estimator relies on a Prager–Synge inequality, and therefore leads to fully guaranteed constant-free upper bounds on the error. The estimator is also locally efficient and polynomial-degree-robust. The construction is based on patch-wise divergence-constrained minimization problems, leading to a cheap embarrassingly parallel algorithm. Crucially, the estimator operates without any assumption on the topology of the domain, and unconventional arguments are required to establish the reliability estimate. Numerical examples illustrate the key theoretical results, and suggest that the estimator is suited for mesh adaptivity purposes.
The Wasserstein Distance for Ricci Shrinkers
Authors: Conrado Franciele , Zhou Detang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Let $(M^{n},g,f)$ be a Ricci shrinker such that $\text{Ric}_{f}=\frac{1}{2}g$ and the measure induced by the weighted volume element $(4\pi )^{-\frac{n}{2}}e^{-f}dv_{g}$ is a probability measure. Given a point $p\in M$, we consider two probability measures defined in the tangent space $T_{p}M$, namely the Gaussian measure $\gamma $ and the measure $\overline{\nu }$ induced by the exponential map of $M$ to $p$. In this paper, we prove a result that provides an upper estimate for the Wasserstein distance with respect to the Euclidean metric $g_{0}$ between the measures $\overline{\nu }$ and $\gamma $, and which also elucidates the rigidity implications resulting from this estimate.
Forget Me Not: Incidental Findings on Breast MRI
Authors: Chung Maggie , Ton Lauren , Lee Amie Y 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
With the growing utilization and expanding role of breast MRI, breast imaging radiologists may encounter an increasing number of incidental findings beyond the breast and axilla. Breast MRI encompasses a large area of anatomic coverage extending from the lower neck to the upper abdomen. While most incidental findings on breast MRI are benign, identifying metastatic disease can have a substantial impact on staging, prognosis, and treatment. Breast imaging radiologists should be familiar with common sites, MRI features, and breast cancer subtypes associated with metastatic disease to assist in differentiating malignant from benign findings. Furthermore, detection of malignancies of nonbreast origin as well as nonmalignant, but clinically relevant, incidental findings can significantly impact clinical management and patient outcomes. Breast imaging radiologists should consistently follow a comprehensive search pattern and employ techniques to improve the detection of these important incidental findings.
Healthcare Sustainability to Address Climate Change: Call for Action to the Infectious Diseases Community
Authors: Doshi Shreya , Vuppula Sharon , Jaggi Preeti 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The US healthcare system’s contribution to greenhouse gas emissions and climate change is disproportionately high and harms the public. Several medical specialties are now reassessing how they can mitigate healthcare’s harmful environmental impact. Healthcare sustainability is broadly defined as measures to decrease greenhouse gas emissions, waste, and other pollutants generated during the healthcare delivery process. Prior efforts and programs by infectious diseases (ID) professionals, such as antimicrobial stewardship and infection prevention and control can form a framework for ID professionals to help apply this expertise to healthcare environmental sustainability more broadly. This call to action proposes strategies for ID societies and professionals to incorporate climate change education for trainees, increase research and funding opportunities in healthcare sustainability, and calls for action by ID societies to champion system changes to decrease greenhouse gas emissions.
Effectiveness of In-Theater Mental Health Assessments
Authors: Perez SarahLouise , Dimayuga Hasan U , Estrada Kevin M , Flores Adan , Hall Andrew B 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The leading cause for medical evacuation from the U.S. Central Command area of responsibility is because of mental health conditions. The In-Theater Mental Health Assessment (ITMHA) is a DoD-required screening of deployed personnel. It is vital to examine the efficacy of ITMHA’s potential to significantly impact the mental health outcomes of service members.

Materials and Methods
All ITMHA results of individuals in 2 deployed Army battalions along with a brigade headquarters deployed to U.S. Central Command between October 2022 and October 2023 were collected and analyzed. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the results of the ITMHA.

Results
Of 670 deployed service members, 157 (23%) scored positive on ITMHA. Ten service members were referred for additional mental health evaluation. The remaining 147 (22%) service members who scored positive were not referred because of a lack of significant impairment or were already engaged in mental health services. One service member in the study was evacuated because of a mental health condition. The most common major life stressors identified were family/relationship issues, sleep problems, and mental health concerns.

Conclusions
The number of deployed personnel identified through the ITMHA as requiring mental health care was modest. The ITMHA has multiple limitations that, if addressed, will improve its utility to mitigate mental health decline in the expeditionary environment.
Types of COVID-19 Disaster Work and Psychological Responses in National Guard Service Members
Authors: Mash Holly B Herberman , Fullerton Carol S , Adler Amy B , Morganstein Joshua C , Reissman Dori B , Biggs Quinn M , La Croix Christina L , Blumhorst Alexandra , Ursano Robert J 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The National Guard (NG) served as a critical component of the U.S. response to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Understanding the impact of types of pandemic-related disaster work on mental health responses can aid in sustaining NG service members’ health and preparation for subsequent activations and future pandemics.

Materials and Methods
We surveyed 1,363 NG unit (NGU) service members (88% Army; 80% enlisted; 32% 30 to 39 years old; 84% male) following activation in response to the pandemic. Surveys were administered between August and December 2020, which was approximately 2 to 3 months post-activation. Surveys assessed overall activation stress, participation in different types of disaster work, probable post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety and depression, and anger. A disaster work stress scale assessed different types of disaster work during activation and associated stress levels. For each individual, we calculated an overall work task stress (WTS) scaled score, with a maximum score of 100. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationship of high-stress disaster work tasks to post-activation PTSD, anxiety and depression, and anger, adjusting for socio-demographic and service-related variables. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Uniformed Services University (USU) in Bethesda, MD.

Results
Among NGU service members, 12.7% (n = 172) described their activation as very/extremely stressful. The work tasks with the highest scaled scores were as follows: (1) Patient transportation (WTS scaled score = 100); (2) working with the dead (WTS = 82.2); and (3) working with families of coronavirus disease 2019 patients (WTS = 72.7). For each individual’s work tasks, we identified the work task associated with the highest WTS score. The top one-third of WTS scores were classified as the high-stress group. Approximately 9% of participants (n = 111) had probable PTSD, 6.7% (n = 85) had clinically significant anxiety and depression, and 12.3% (n = 156) had high anger. Multivariable logistic regression analyses, adjusting for covariates, found that NGU service members exposed to the highest level of disaster WTS were more likely to report PTSD (odds ratio [OR] = 1.48 [95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.13-1.94], χ2 = 7.98), anxiety and depression (OR = 1.91 [95% CI = 1.17-3.13]; χ2 = 6.67), and anger (OR = 1.63 [95% CI = 1.13-2.37]; χ2 = 6.66) post-activation.

Conclusions
Identifying work tasks associated with high levels of stress can help detect individuals at risk for adverse mental health responses post-exposure. Distinguishing features of high-stress work conditions can be generalized to other types of work conditions and disaster response and are important targets for planning and preventive efforts.
An overlooked source of uncertainty in the mass of the Milky Way
Authors: Oman Kyle A , Riley Alexander H 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
In the conventional approach to decomposing a rotation curve into a set of contributions from mass model components, the measurements of the rotation curve at different radii are taken to be independent. It is clear, however, that radial correlations are present in such data, for instance (but not only) because the orbital speed depends on the mass distribution at all (or, minimally, inner) radii. We adopt a very simple parametric form for a covariance matrix and constrain its parameters using Gaussian process regression. Applied to the rotation curve of the Milky Way, this suggests the presence of correlations between neighbouring rotation curve points with amplitudes of $\lt 10\, \mathrm{km}\, \mathrm{s}^{-1}$ over length scales of 1.5–$2.5\, \mathrm{kpc}$ regardless of the assumed dark halo component. We show that accounting for such covariance can result in a ∼50 per cent lower total mass estimate for the Milky Way than when it is neglected, and that the uncertainty in model parameters increases such that it seems more representative of the uncertainty in the rotation curve measurement. The statistical uncertainty associated with the covariance is comparable to or exceeds the total systematic uncertainty budget. Our findings motivate including more detailed treatment of rotation curve covariance in future analyses.
Evolutionary Dynamics of Chromatin Structure and Duplicate Gene Expression in Diploid and Allopolyploid Cotton
Authors: Hu Guanjing , Grover Corrinne E , Vera Daniel L , Lung Pei-Yau , Girimurugan Senthil B , Miller Emma R , Conover Justin L , Ou Shujun , Xiong Xianpeng , Zhu De , Li Dongming , Gallagher Joseph P , Udall Joshua A , Sui Xin , Zhang Jinfeng , Bass Hank W , Wendel Jonathan F 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Polyploidy is a prominent mechanism of plant speciation and adaptation, yet the mechanistic understandings of duplicated gene regulation remain elusive. Chromatin structure dynamics are suggested to govern gene regulatory control. Here, we characterized genome-wide nucleosome organization and chromatin accessibility in allotetraploid cotton, Gossypium hirsutum (AADD, 2n = 4X = 52), relative to its two diploid parents (AA or DD genome) and their synthetic diploid hybrid (AD), using DNS-seq. The larger A-genome exhibited wider average nucleosome spacing in diploids, and this intergenomic difference diminished in the allopolyploid but not hybrid. Allopolyploidization also exhibited increased accessibility at promoters genome-wide and synchronized cis-regulatory motifs between subgenomes. A prominent cis-acting control was inferred for chromatin dynamics and demonstrated by transposable element removal from promoters. Linking accessibility to gene expression patterns, we found distinct regulatory effects for hybridization and later allopolyploid stages, including nuanced establishment of homoeolog expression bias and expression level dominance. Histone gene expression and nucleosome organization are coordinated through chromatin accessibility. Our study demonstrates the capability to track high-resolution chromatin structure dynamics and reveals their role in the evolution of cis-regulatory landscapes and duplicate gene expression in polyploids, illuminating regulatory ties to subgenomic asymmetry and dominance.
Frequencies and spectra of aflatoxin B1-induced mutations in liver genomes of NEIL1-deficient mice as revealed by duplex sequencing
Authors: Minko Irina G , Luzadder Michael M , Vartanian Vladimir L , Rice Sean P M , Nguyen Megan M , Sanchez-Contreras Monica , Van Phu , Kennedy Scott R , McCullough Amanda K , Lloyd R Stephen 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Increased risk for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is driven by a number of etiological factors including hepatitis viral infection and dietary exposures to foods contaminated with aflatoxin-producing molds. Intracellular metabolic activation of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) to a reactive epoxide generates highly mutagenic AFB1-Fapy-dG adducts. Previously, we demonstrated that repair of AFB1-Fapy-dG adducts can be initiated by the DNA glycosylase NEIL1 and that male Neil1−/− mice were significantly more susceptible to AFB1-induced HCC relative to wild-type mice. To investigate the mechanisms underlying this enhanced carcinogenesis, WT and Neil1−/− mice were challenged with a single, 4 mg/kg dose of AFB1 and frequencies and spectra of mutations were analyzed in liver DNAs 2.5 months post-injection using duplex sequencing. The analyses of DNAs from AFB1-challenged mice revealed highly elevated mutation frequencies in the nuclear genomes of both males and females, but not the mitochondrial genomes. In both WT and Neil1−/− mice, mutation spectra were highly similar to the AFB1-specific COSMIC signature SBS24. Relative to wild-type, the NEIL1 deficiency increased AFB1-induced mutagenesis with concomitant elevated HCCs in male Neil1−/− mice. Our data establish a critical role of NEIL1 in limiting AFB1-induced mutagenesis and ultimately carcinogenesis.