bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HLA antigens and Graves' disease in Black South Africans
Authors: KALK W. J , MAIER G , DRIMELLEN M. VAN , LEVIN J , REINACH S. G 
Published: July 2010

This study concerns the frequencies with which 36 HLA‐A, ‐B and ‐C antigens occurred in 84 Black Africans with Graves' disease and in 311 Black controls. In the hyperthyroid patients significant reductions were found in the frequencies of HLA‐B7 (P<0.001, relative risk (RR) 0.33), HLA‐Bw42 (P <0.001, RR 0.32) and the HLA‐B7‐Bw42 crossreactive group (CREG) (P <0.0001, RR 0.27), and in the frequencies of the phenotypic combinations HLA‐A1, B7 (P <0.001) and Aw30, B7‐Bw42 (P <0.001). HLA‐B8 was increased in frequency (P <0.01, RR 2.84). In patients without circulating antithyroglobulin or antimitichondrial antibodies the frequencies of HLA‐A2 and B17 were increased when compared to those with antibodies or to the controls. In patients with and without clinically evident infiltrative ophthalmopathy the frequencies of HLA antigens were similar. In 62 Caucasian patients with Graves' disease, no antigens or phenotypic combinations occurred with increased or decreased frequency when compared to 278 controls.Analysis of the frequencies of 9 HLA antigens and phenotypic combinations common in Caucasians but rare in Blacks revealed that only two antigens (A2 and B8) occurred with increased frequency in Black patients, suggesting that a contribution of Caucasian genes to the Black thyrotoxic subjects was unlikely.Similarly, only one common Black antigen (A28) of 8 common antigens and phenotypic combinations, occurred in Caucasian patients with a frequency similar to that of Black controls. Thus it is unlikely that Black genes contributed to the lack of a significant increase of HLA antigens in the Caucasian thyrotoxic patients. The possession of HLA‐B7‐Bw42 CREG or related genes may be a protection against Graves' disease in Black Africans.
One‐way positive cellular reactions between two HLA‐A, B, C, D/DR genotypically identical brothers following active allogeneic immunization
Authors: Kristensen Tom , Madsen Melvin 
Published: July 2010

The HLA‐D/DR region in man encodes major determinants which stimulate T lymphocytes to proliferation. The genetic organization of this region is apparently complex and is at present largely unknown. One obstacle is the scarcity and quality of available typing reagents. In an attempt to obtain high quality anti‐DR sera, a series of active immunizations was performed between highly selected, healthy unrelated donors and recipients.One recipient (AR8) was immunized using cells incompatible for HLA‐A2, B40 (w60), Cw3 and DIDRw6 and readily developed anti‐A2 and B40 antibodies but no anti‐C, DR, or other antibodies. When tested against his HLA genotypically fully identical brother using the cellular MLC, PLT, or CML techniques before immunization, results were mutually negative as expected. Following immunization, however, AR8 was able to mount MLC, PLT, and possibly CML responses against lymphocytes from the brother while the reverse combinations remained negative. When tested in the family the trait(s) thus identified seems to be maternally inherited.These results suggest the existence of minor histocompatibility determinants encoded from regions not closely linked to HLA. The brother of AR8 and the immunizing donor thus seem to share one or more determinants not possessed by AR8.
Improved detection of HLA‐CWS and CW7 by two colour fluorescence technique
Authors: Nieman Henk , Parlevliet Jannie , Schreuder Ieke 
Published: July 2010

Reactivity of two Cw5 and three Cw7 antisera was compared in the standard NIH and the Two Colour Fluorescence (TCF) techniques. Contrary to the NIH, the TCF method yielded strong positive reactions which enabled clear assignment of the Cw5 and Cw7 specificities. The TCF technique combines three factors that increase the sensitivity of serum reactions:1. typing on B lymphocytes, 2. prolonged incubation and 3. staining of the lysed cells with ethidium bromide.
Cell mediated PPD specific cytotoxicity against human monocyte targets:
Authors: HANSEN PETER WENDELBOE , MADSEN MELVIN , CHRISTIANSEN SVEND E. , JOHNSEN HANS E. , KISSMEYER‐NIELSEN F. 
Published: July 2010

Human Purified Protein Derivative of tuberculin‐ (PPD‐) specific cytotoxic cells have been detected in cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated for 6 days with PPD. These cytotoxic cells are demonstrated by their ability to lyse PPD‐pulsed autologous monocyte target cells, but not unpulsed targets.In a series of checkerboard experiments each involving 3–5 randomly combined donors, effector cells from 35 donors have been tested in autologous and 130 allogeneic combinations. Analysis of results from the pooled allogeneic combinations reveals that HLA‐B — and even more pronounced HLA‐DR — antigen sharing correlates positively to high lysis. No effect of HLA‐A antigen sharing is found. A more detailed analysis shows that the effect of HLA‐B sharing may be fully accounted for by HLA‐B‐DR linkage disequilibrium. The results thus indicate that cell‐mediated PPD specific cytotoxicity is HLA‐restricted. Further, the correlation to HLA‐DR sharing indicates that the restriction element in this system in all probability is a class II antigen.
Analysis of chickens for recombination within the MHC (B‐complex)
Authors: Skjødt Karsten , Koch Claus , Crone Monna , Simonsen Morten 
Published: July 2010

In an attempt to further map the chicken MHC (the B complex), a systematic search for genetic recombinants within the B complex was performed by serotyping the progeny from F2 crosses of chickens by means of specific anti‐class I, anti‐class II, and anti‐class IV alloantisera.Two recombinant B‐haplotypes (B21r and B15r) were found by analysing 2,656 F2 chickens representing 5,312 informative typings. In either case, the B‐G (class IV) allele was recombined with both the B‐F and B‐L alleles of the opposite haplotype. MLC typings, tests for direct compatibility by GVH reactions, and absorption analyses confirmed the original serological typing of the two recombinant B haplotypes. No recombination between B‐F (class I) and B‐L (class II) loci was found. This very low frequency of recombination within the B complex as compared with recombination frequencies found in mammalian MHC's is discussed.
Interaction between HLA antigens and immunoglobulin (Gm) allotypes in susceptibility to type I diabetes
Authors: Tait B. D. , Propert D. N. , Harrison L. , Mandel T. , Martin F. I. R. 
Published: July 2010

HLA‐A,B,C and DR typing was performed on 108 Caucasian type I diabetic patients, 68 being Gm typed. The expected association with B8, B18, Bw62, DR3 and DR4 was observed as well as an excess of DR3/4 heterozygotes. DR2 was decreased in frequency.In the total patient group, no Gm association was observed but when the patients were subgrouped according to HLA type, HLA/Gm interactive effects were seen. An increase in Gm (1,3;5) was observed in DR3 positive, DR4 negative patients. This association occurred predominantly in females (compared with DR4 and DR3/4 patients of the same Gm phenotype who were predominantly male). Further genetic heterogeneity was identified within DR3/4 patients. Within this group, Bw62 was increased (strongly suggestive of Bw62‐DR4 haplotypes) within B8, Gm heterozygotes compared with B8, Gm homozygotes. This finding can be interpreted as indicating a three‐way interaction between genes on two HLA haplotypes and Gm‐linked genes.These results reflect the genetic heterogeneity and complexity of insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus and explain in part the previous failure of simple genetic models to adequately explain inheritance patterns observed.
Constitutive nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphisms and house dust mite respiratory allergy in an Algerian patient group
Authors: Djidjik R. , Ghaffor M. , Brun M. , Gharnaout M. , Salah S. S. , Boukouaci W. , Djidjik H. , Benyounes A. , Koumaravelou K. , Krishnamoorthy R. , Abbadi M. C. , Charron D. , Tamouza R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractGenetic polymorphisms in neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS1) and calmodulin‐dependent endothelial NOS (NOS3) genes are known to influence the course of allergic respiratory disorders. We investigated the role of NOS1 −84 G→A and NOS3 −786 T→C, 894 G→T and 27 base pair (bp) repeat polymorphisms in 125 patients suffering from asthma and/or rhinitis and monosensitized against Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dpter) and 111 controls from Algeria. We found a higher frequency of the −786 C NOS3 allele in patients than in controls [corrected P value (Pc) = 0.04], especially in female cases (Pc = 0.02) and that the ‘ab’ genotype of the 27‐bp polymorphism was significantly associated with specific immunoglobulin E production against Dpter (P = 0.006). This study brings further support for the participation of NOS3 gene polymorphism in the pathogenesis of respiratory allergic disorders.
Interleukin‐10 gene polymorphisms influence the clinical course of non‐Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Authors: Bogunia‐Kubik K. , Mazur G. , Wróbel T. , Kuliczkowski K. , Lange A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe pathophysiology of Non‐Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) is still unknown and clinical course is very unpredictable. Many cytokines, including interleukin‐10 (IL‐10), play a role in the perpetuation of this disease. The IL‐10‐producing capability has been found to be influenced by the IL‐10 gene promoter polymorphisms. The aim of the present study was to assess whether any of IL‐10 (−1082 A/G, −819 C/T and −592 A/C) genotypes prevails in Polish patients with NHL and whether IL‐10 promoter polymorphisms may be associated with less or more favourable course of the disease. IL‐10 gene promoter polymorphisms were assessed in 105 individuals, including 55 NHL patients and 50 ethically matched controls. The frequency of the IL‐10 low‐producing −1082 AA homozygous genotype was significantly higher in patients with aggressive NHL as compared with patients with indolent forms of the disease (0.57 vs 0.28, P < 0.05) and controls [0.57 vs 0.32, odds ratio (OR) = 2.69, P < 0.05]. Also, the presence of the ACC genotype was more frequently detected among patients with more aggressive disease than in those with indolent forms (0.74 vs 0.47, P < 0.05) and healthy controls (0.74 vs 0.42, OR = 3.69, P < 0.05). In multivariate analyses, the AA homozygosity (OR = 6.33, P < 0.05) and ACC genotype (OR = 3.57, P = 0.05) appeared as independent risk factors of more aggressive manifestation of NHL in addition to the elevated lactate dehydrogenase 480 level. Although no direct association was found between IL‐10 promoter polymorphisms and NHL, IL‐10 (−1082) AA homozygosity and IL‐10 ACC genotype were found to be associated with unfavourable prognosis in patients with NHL.
Follicular associated T cells and their B‐cell helper qualities
Authors: Haynes Nicole M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe immune system utilizes sophisticated cellular surveillance mechanisms to maintain the integrity of the multicellular host. Adaptive immunosurveillance in particular constitutes a powerful branch of the immune system that houses the capacity to mount exquisitely specific responses against a diverse array of foreign antigens. Central to the development of adaptive immunity is the activation of T and B cells. Upon antigen engagement, T and B cells have been observed to undergo striking changes in their migratory status and distribution within secondary lymphoid organs, a phenomenon that is to a large extent controlled through their altered responsiveness to homeostatic T‐ and B‐zone chemokines. Changes in their chemokine receptor expression and/or sensitivity to their respective ligands assist in bringing rare antigen‐specific T and B lymphocytes, dendritic cells and CD4+CD3− accessory cells together. Cognate interaction between these cells at the T–B junction can support the generation of extrafollicular foci of antibody producing plasma cells and the formation of germinal centers. Such T‐dependent antibody responses are highly dependent on the functional properties and activity of a specialized subset of CXCR5+ICOS+ CD4 T cells referred to as T follicular helper cells (TFH). This review presents an overview of some of the defining characteristics of this subset of T‐helper cells and the chemokine receptors and their ligands that help dictate the migratory activity of TFH cells within secondary lymphoid organs.
LeERF‐1, a novel AP2/ERF family gene within the B3 subcluster, is down‐regulated by light signals in Lithospermum erythrorhizon
Authors: Zhang W. , Zou A. , Miao J. , Yin Y. , Tian R. , Pang Y. , Yang R. , Qi J. , Yang Y. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe previously showed that ethylene might be involved in the process of shikonin biosynthesis regulated by light signals. Here, we cloned a full‐length cDNA of LeERF‐1, a putative ethylene response factor gene, from Lithospermum erythrorhizon using the RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends) method. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that LeERF‐1 was classified in the B3 subfamily, together with ERF1 and ORA59 of Arabidopsis. Heterologous expression of LeERF‐1 in Arabidopsis showed that LeERF‐1:eGFP fusion protein was precisely localised to the nucleus, implying that it might function as a transcription factor. Detailed expression analysis with real‐time PCR showed that LeERF‐1 was significantly down‐regulated by white, blue and red light, although the inhibitory effect of red light was relatively weak compared to other light conditions. Tissue‐specific expression analysis also indicated that LeERF‐1 was dominantly expressed in the roots, which grow in soil in darkness. These patterns are all consistent with the effects of different light signals on regulating formation of shikonin and its derivatives, indicating that LeERF‐1 might be a crucial positive regulator, like other B3 subfamily proteins (such as ORCA3 and ORA59), in regulating biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
Ausgedehnte menschliche Mäusefavusendemie in der ungarisdien Tiefebene
Authors: SZATHMARY S. 
Published: July 2010

ZusammenfassungVerfasser hat eine, ein großs Gebiet umfassende Mäusefavusendemie beobach–tet, deren Herkunft er auf den Boden zurückführt. Er beschreibt die Infektions–quellen der Endemie und die Infektionsformen. Er ist der Meinung, daß die In–fektion von den durch den Boden inflzierten Feldäusen auf Hausäuse und von diesen auf Menschen und Katzen übertragen wird. Der Verfasser berichtet über die menschlichen Mäusefavusfälle in einer Verteilung nach Altersstufen und stellt dabei den Infektionsgrad der Bevölkerung einiger Städte der Ungarischen Tiefebene vor und während der Endemie fest. Er fand, daß das Ausmaß der Ansteckung in den Kleinstädten während der latenten Endemie zehnmal größer war als in den Großstädten. Aus den Angaben des Graphikons der durch Trichophyton quinckeanum und Trichophyton gypseum verursachten Fälle zieht er die Schlußfolgerung, daß die Mäuse an der Verbreitung der von diesem Pilz stam–menden Infektion keinen Anteil haben.Zum Schluß beschäftigt sich der Verfasser mit den besonderen Krankheitser–scheinungen der favösen Mäuse und mit den Varietäten des die Endemie ver–ursachenden Pilzes.
Mold infection of imported smoked herring
Authors: Refai M. , Elmossalami E. , Loot A. 
Published: July 2010

ZusammenfassungAus einer Partie von 6 420 kg importierter Räucherheringe wurden Proben entnommen und mykologisch untersucht. Die Heringe wiesen weiße und schwarze Schimmelflecke auf und rochen schimmlig, ebenso die Holzkisten, in denen sie verpackt waren. Die oberste Lage Heringe war am stärksten verschimmelt.Mikroskopisch konnte bei der Direktuntersuchung festgestellt werden, daß es sich um Aspergillus und Penicillium handelte. Die kulturelle Identifizierung ergab als Ursache der schwarzen Flecke Aspergillus niger, Typ Awamori, und als Ursache der hellen Flecke Penicillium funiculosum.Zur Bekämpfung wird, neben hygienischen Maßnahmen, vorgeschlagen, die Heringe mit 20–25 %iger Salzlösung oder mit 3% iger Essiglösung zu behandeln und anschließend an der Luft zu trocknen. In leichten Fällen kann die Oberfläche der Heringe auch mit Öl eimgerieben werden.
Ein gepufferter Nährboden für Mikropilze
Authors: Lührs K. 
Published: July 2010

ZusammenfassungEs wird ein gepufferter Nährboden besdirieben, auf dem Mikropilze ihre makroskopi‐schen und mikroskopischen Strukturen sehr gut ausbilden, ohne überschießendes Wachstum zu zeigen. Der Nährboden eignet sich zur Anzucht wie audi zur anschließenden unmittel‐baren Aufbewahrung der Mikropilze.SummaryA buffered agar culture medium is described on which the macroscopic and microscopic structures of microfungi form well without showing exaggerated growth. The culture medium is suitable for both the culture and the following maintenance of the microfungi.
Schimmelpilze im Haushalt/Moulds in the Domestic Environment
Authors: Reiß J. 
Published: July 2010

Zusammenfassung: An 77 Meßstellen in Küchen, Badezimmern sowie in Wohn‐ und Schlafräu‐men von Wohnungen wurde der Gesamtgehalt der Luft an Schimmelpilzen (mit Malzextrakt‐agar) sowie selektiv an Aspergillus parasiticus, A. flavus und Penicillium roqueforti (mit diffe‐renzierenden Nährböden) bestimmt; die übrigen Schimmelpilze wurden nicht differenziert. Der Keimgehalt war besonders hoch (bis zu 60 koloniebildende Elemente je 30 Liter Luft) bei höhe‐ren Temperaturen, Luftbewegungen (z. B. Klopfen von Teppichen, Bettenmachen) sowie über textilen Unterlagen (Teppichen, Sofas). A. parasiticus und A. flavus traten gehäuft auf bei Temperaturen von über 24°C in Badezimmern (insbesondere über den Vorlegern vor Toilettenschüsseln) und in Wohnräumen in der Nähe von Sofas, Gardinen und Läufern. P. roqueforti war nur in Küchen zu finden (Kühlschrank, verschimmeltes Brot, Brotschneidemaschinen, Mülleimer).Summary: The mould content of the air at 77 sites in kitchens, bathrooms, living‐rooms and bedrooms in houses was measured using malt extract agar (total mould content) and differentiating media for Aspergillus parasiticus/A. flavus and for Penicillium roqueforti; other moulds have not been differentiated. The mould content was especially high (up to 60 colony forming elements in 301 air) at higher temperatures, in currents of air (e. g. brushing out of carpets, shaking of beds) as well as above textile materials (carpets, sofas). A. parasiticus/A. flavus were frequent at temperatures of more than 24°C in bathrooms (especially above WC mats) and in living‐rooms near curtains, sofas and carpets. P. roqueforti was only found in kitchens (refrigerator, moulded bread, bread‐cutting machines, waste‐bins).
The Effect of Cilofungin (LY 121019) in Combination with Amphotericin B or Flucytosine Against Candida Species: Die Wirkung von Cilofungin (LY 121019) in Kombination mit Amphotericin B oder Flucytosin auf Candida‐Arten
Authors: Bulo A.N. , Bradley Suzanne F. , Kauffman Carol A. 
Published: July 2010

Summary: Cilofungin was combined with amphotericin B or flucytosine to determine if synergistic inhibition or killing occurred against 50 strains of various Candida species. Synergistic inhibition of growth occurred only once with amphotericin B and cilofungin and only 2 times with flucytosine and cilofungin. Synergistic killing occurred in 5 strains with the amphotericin B‐cilofungin combination and in 7 strains with the flucytosine‐cilo‐fungin combination. Antagonism occurred frequently with both the amphotericin B‐cilofungin and the flucytosine‐cilofungin combinations.Zusammenfassung: Cilofungin wurde mit Amphotericin B oder Flucytosin kombi‐niert, um eine etwaige synergistische Wachstumshemmung oder Inaktivierung von 50 Stämmen unterschiedlicher Candi‐da‐Arten zu untersuchen. Eine synergisti sche Wachstumshemmung wurde nur ein‐mal mit Amphotericin B und Cilofungin und zweimal rnit Flucytosin und Cilofungin beobachtet. Eine synergistische Abtötung trat an 5 Stämmen mit der Amphotericin B‐Cilofungin‐ und an 7 Stämmen mit der Flucytosin‐Cilofungin‐Kombination auf. Häufiger wurden bei beiden Kombinatio‐nen Antagonismen gefunden.
Feasibility of high‐density electrophysiological study using multiple‐electrode array in isolated small animal atria
Authors: Lau Dennis H , Mackenzie Lorraine , Shipp Nicholas J , Kuklik Pawel , Dimitri Hany , Lobb Bruce LW , Alasady Muayad , Lim Han S , Kelly Douglas R , Brooks Anthony G , Saint David A , Sanders Prashanthan 
Published: July 2010

Summary1. High‐density cardiac electrophysiological study (EPS) of small animal atria has been limited to optical mapping techniques, which require complex and expensive equipment setup. We aim to evaluate the feasibility of carrying out EPS in isolated atrial tissues using a custom made high‐density multiple‐electrode array (MEA).2. Isolated rat atrial preparations were studied. The MEA (4 × 5 mm) consisted of 90 silver chloride coated electrodes (0.1 mm diameter, 0.5 mm pitch) and was connected to a conventional EP system yielding 80 bipolar signals. Atrial tissues were placed over the MEA in a dish bubbled with 100% oxygen and superfused with modified HEPES solution at pH 7.35 and 37°C. Then, 1 mmol of 2,3‐butanedione monoxime was added to suppress motion artifacts from muscle contractions. Custom plaque analysis software was used for offline conduction analysis.3. Isolated atrial tissues showed good viability of > 30 min, allowing ample time for complete EPS. High quality electrograms with excellent signal to noise ratio were obtained. All electrophysiological parameters showed good reproducibility: effective refractory period, conduction velocity and heterogeneity index. Tachycardia was also inducible in these normal atria.4. The present study shows the feasibility of performing high‐density EPS of small isolated atrial tissues with a conventional electrode‐based technique. The MEA system is compatible with standard electrophysiology recording systems and provides a novel, inexpensive option for detailed EPS in small animal models. In particular, it presents new research avenues to further explore the mechanisms of atrial arrhythmias in various transgenic and knockout rodent models.
Involvement of mitogen‐activating protein kinase and intracellular pH in the duration of the metaphase I (MI) pause of starfish oocytes after spawning
Authors: Usui Kana , Hirohashi Noritaka , Chiba Kazuyoshi 
Published: July 2010

The metaphase I (MI) arrest of starfish oocytes is released after spawning. In this study using starfish Asterina pectinifera, the duration of MI after spawning was ~20 min and ~30 min in fertilized and unfertilized oocytes, respectively. This prolongation of MI in unfertilized oocytes, referred to as the MI pause, was maintained by mitogen‐activating protein kinase (MAPK) as well as low intracellular pH (~7.0). Contrary to previous reports, MI arrest was not maintained by MAPK, since it was inactive in the oocytes arrested at MI in the ovary and activated immediately after spawning. Also, cyclin B was not degraded at pH 6.7 in the cell‐free preparation without MAPK activity, whereas it was degraded at pH 7.0, suggesting that MI arrest was solely maintained by lower pH (< 7.0). Normal development occurred when the spawned oocytes were fertilized before the first polar body formation, whereas fertilization after the first polar body formation increased the rate of abnormal development. Thus, due to MI pause and MI arrest, the probability for fertilization before the polar body formation might be increased, leading to normal development.