bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
B‐vitamins reduce the long‐term risk of depression after stroke: The VITATOPS‐DEP trial
Authors: Almeida Osvaldo P. , Marsh Kylie , Alfonso Helman , Flicker Leon , Davis Timothy M.E. , Hankey Graeme J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjectiveThe consumption of certain B‐vitamins through diet or supplementation decreases the total plasma concentration of homocysteine (tHcy) and may enhance response to standard antidepressant treatment. It is unclear if treatment with B‐vitamins can reduce the long‐term prevalence of depression in people at risk, such as stroke survivors. The purpose of this research was to determine if treatment with B‐vitamins reduces the hazard of poststroke depression compared with placebo.MethodsRandomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial of tHcy‐lowering treatment with daily folic acid (2 mg), vitamin B6 (25 mg), and vitamin B12 (0.5 mg) for 1 to 10.5 years in survivors of stroke. The primary endpoint was the onset of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM‐IV) major depression after randomization. Secondary outcomes were the prevalence of DSM‐IV major or minor depression at the end of treatment. Other measured factors included age, gender, poststroke handicap associated with stroke, recurrence of strokes, cognitive impairment, and use of antidepressants.ResultsAmong 273 people who completed the final assessment after 7.1 ± 2.1 years (mean ± standard deviation) of follow up, random assignment to B‐vitamins was associated with a lower hazard of major depression compared with placebo (18.4% vs 23.3%, adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 0.48; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.31–0.76) and a trend toward a lower odds of major or minor depression at the end of the trial compared with placebo (19.1% vs 27.7%; adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.58; 95%CI = 0.31–1.09).InterpretationLong‐term treatment of poststroke survivors with folic acid, B6, and B12 was associated with a reduction in the hazard of major depression in our patient population. If these findings can be validated externally, B‐vitamin supplementation offers hope as an effective, safe, and affordable intervention to reduce the burden of poststroke depression. ANN NEUROL 2010;68:503–510
The Rylene Colorant Family—Tailored Nanoemitters for Photonics Research and Applications
Authors: Weil Tanja , Vosch Tom , Hofkens Johan , Peneva Kalina , Müllen Klaus 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis Review summarizes the latest advances in the field of rylene dyes and rylene nanoemitters for applications in photonics, and describes the influence of the dye design on the optical properties, the self‐assembly, the molecular interactions, as well as the labeling specificity of the compounds. The interplay between tailored (macro)molecular design and bulk/single‐molecule spectroscopy enables complex processes to be explained, for example, the kinetics of energy‐transfer processes or (bio)catalysis. Such investigations are essential for the ultimate design of optimized nanoemitters, and require a close cooperation between spectroscopists and preparative organic chemists.
Development of a Computational Framework to Model the Scale‐up of High‐Solid‐Content Polymer Latex Reactors
Authors: Pohn J. , Heniche M. , Fradette L. , Cunningham M. , McKenna T. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA computational framework, consisting of a laminar computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation model coupled to a multizonal population balance, is developed to assist in the scale‐up of high‐solid‐content (HSC) latex production and processing. Poly3D CFD software is used to generate flow fields inside a series of reactors; this information is then sent to the process model to assess the impact of nonhomogeneous mixing on the evolution of the latex particle size distribution (PSD) when concentrated latex suspension is altered via the addition of a coagulant. As the general shape of the PSD evolves, the model monitors changes in the rheological parameters in each zone of the reactor; the flow field is recomputed if a significant change in any of the properties is detected. The details of the framework are presented and its utility is demonstrated. Preliminary results indicate that nonhomogeneity inside the reactor will have an effect on the final latex PSD obtained.
Self‐rated health after kidney transplantation and change in graft function
Authors: Majernikova Maria , Rosenberger Jaroslav , Prihodova Lucia , Nagyova Iveta , Roland Robert , van Dijk Jitse P. , Groothoff Johan W. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractOBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to explore the relationship between self‐rated health (SRH) in patients after kidney transplantation (KT) as well as graft function over time.METHODSThe sample consisted of 42 patients who were examined in the 3rd month (T1) and the 12th month after KT (T2). Sociodemographic data and data on glomerular function (GF) (Cockroft‐Gault) were collected. Patients completed the SF‐36 questionnaire measuring SRH. Linear regression was used to identify predictors of SRH at T2. Age, gender, change in GF, and SRH at T1 were set as the independent variables.RESULTSSRH and GF improved slightly over time. The first model, consisting of age, gender, SRH at T1, and GF at T2, explained 49.9% of the variance in SRH at T2; GF at T2 did not significantly contribute to the model. The second model, consisting of age (β = –0.26, 95% CI 1.087;–0.035, p ≤ 0.05), change in GF between T2 and T1 (β = 0.31, 95% CI 9.267;63.643, p ≤ 0.01), and SRH at T1 (β= 0.5, 95% CI 0.247;0,68, p ≤ 0.001), explained 54.6% of the variance in SRH at T2.CONCLUSIONSAlthough SRH after transplantation is not associated with absolute levels of GF, there is a signifi‐cant association with the change in GF over time.
Transcription expression and clinical significance of vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA and endostatin mRNA in pleural effusions of patients with lung cancer
Authors: Chen Ying , Liang Bin , Zhao Yu‐Jie , Wang Shao‐Cheng , Fan Yi‐Bo , Wu Guang‐Ping 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the individual and combined diagnostic utility of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA and endostatin mRNA in pleural effusions of patients with lung cancer. Transcription levels of VEGF and endostatin were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) in pleural effusions of patients with lung cancer (92 cases) and with lung benign disease (36 cases). Both VEGF mRNA and endostatin mRNA was significantly higher in malignant, AC, and SCC effusions than in benign effusions (P < 0.01). In the subgrouping, VEGF mRNA was obviously higher than endostatin mRNA in malignant and AC effusions (P < 0.01), whereas VEGF mRNA and endostatin mRNA did not differ between AC group and SCC group (P > 0.05). In single, VEGF mRNA had the highest sensitivity (82.6%) and accuracy (84.3%), whereas endostatin mRNA had the highest specificity (100%). When combinations of VEGF mRNA and endostatin mRNA were evaluated together, they gave a high‐diagnostic performance: sensitivity of 95.7% and accuracy of 93.8%, respectively. The detection of VEGF mRNA and endostatin mRNA appears to be suitable for distinguishing carcinoma cells from reactive mesothelial cells in pleural effusions, they could be useful to diagnose the pleural micrometastasis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Banking on women's labour: Responsibility, risk and control in village banking in Bolivia
Authors: Maclean Kate 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe village banking approach to microfinance aims to empower women by giving them responsibility for and control over certain aspects of the intervention. This paper explores how women members negotiate participation in the bank and analyses the relationship between responsibility, risk and empowerment. It is based on an ethnographic study in Luribay, Bolivia where the microfinance institution Credit with Rural Education has been operating since 2000. The village bank is placed in the context of gender relations in Luribay and ideas of risk, responsibility and empowerment explored in that context. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ventilatory response to added dead space and position in preterm infants at high risk age for SIDS
Authors: Saiki Tolulope , Hannam Simon , Rafferty Gerrard F. , Milner Anthony D. , Greenough Anne 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjectiveThe vulnerability of prematurely born infants to sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) in the prone position might be explained by a reduced ability to respond to a stress, such as hypercarbia, in that position; our objective, therefore, was to further explore the influence of position on the response to a stress.Working HypothesisThe ability of prematurely born infants to respond to added dead space in the prone compared to the supine position would be impaired at the high risk age for SIDS.PatientsTwenty infants, median gestational age of 30 (range 24–32) weeks were studied at a median postmenstrual age (PMA) of 45 weeks. In addition, comparisons were made to the results of 25 infants studied at 36 weeks PMA.MethodologyInfants were studied supine and prone. Breath by breath minute volume was measured at baseline and after a dead space was incorporated into the breathing circuit; the time constant of the response was calculated. The pressure generated in the first 100 msec of an occlusion (P0.1), the maximum inspiratory pressure during an airway occlusion and functional residual capacity (FRC) were also measured in both positions.ResultsThe median time constant was longer (38 (range 15–85) vs. 26 (range 2–40) sec (P = 0.002)). P0.1 lower (P = 0.003) and FRC higher (P = 0.031) in the prone compared to the supine position. In the prone position, the time constant correlated with PMA (P = 0.047), that is, the rate of response to added dead space was significantly damped with increasing postnatal age up to the critical age for SIDS.ConclusionsThe dampened rate of response to added dead space in the prone compared to the supine position lends support to the hypothesis that a poorer response to a stress may contribute to prematurely born infants increased risk of SIDS in the prone position. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2011; 46:239–245. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In situ STM observation of site‐ controlled InAs nano‐dot growth on GaAs(001) during In and As4 irradiations
Authors: Toujyou Takashi , Tsukamoto Shiro 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe have successfully fabricated site‐controlled InAs nano dots during In and As4 irradiations, observing by a STMBE: in situ scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) during molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) growth. After 1.5 monolayers (ML) of InAs wetting layer (WL) growth by ordinal Stranski‐Krastanov (S‐K) dot fabrication procedures, we applied voltage at a particular site on InAs WL during As4 irradiation at 300 °C, creating the site where In atoms, which were migrating on the WL, favored to congregate. Then, we started supplying In atoms again. After supplying 1.52 ML (1.5 + 0.02 ML) of InAs, spontaneously, In atoms congregated this site, forming a dot structure without breaking a normal MBE growth. After further continually supplying 1.66 ML (1.5 + 0.16 ML) of InAs, we also confirmed that ordinal S‐K dots were appeared. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structural and electrical properties of Zn1–xCux O thin films
Authors: Shoji Taisaku , Seo Yuichi , Toyama Toshihiko , Okamoto Hiroaki 
Published: October 2010

AbstractProducing p ‐type ZnO is one of the key issues in developing ZnO‐based electronic devices. The substitution of monovalent Cu ions on Zn sites have been theoretically proposed, and experimental studies were carried out using Zn1–xCux O with small Cu contents (x ≤ 0.1). However, material properties Zn1–xCux O with a large Cu content have not been revealed. In this article, we present the electrical properties of Zn1–xCux O thin films with large x up to 0.75 fabricated using a monovalent Cu source along with their structural properties, as deduced from elemental analyses and crystallographic studies. The experimental results derived from electrical conductivity and thermoelectric measurements are discussed with a focus on controllability of p ‐type conductivity, specifically under O‐rich conditions. Finally, carrier concentrations are discussed from the capacitance–voltage plots of p ‐Zn1–xCux O/n ‐Si heterojunction diodes. (© WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Exciton emission from printed EL devices using solution‐processed ZnO nanocrystals
Authors: Kawasaki Hayato , Takeuchi Hisazumi , Itatani Kazuki , Toyama Toshihiko , Okamoto Hiroaki 
Published: October 2010

AbstractZnO is an excellent material candidate for ultraviolet (UV)‐light emitting devices based on its exciton emission. We have applied solution‐processed ZnO NCs to printed electroluminescence (EL) devices as their emission layers (EMLs) to develop a novel flexible lightweight, and flat‐panel UV‐light source. In this article, first, the structural properties of ZnO NCs fabricated from a solution route are presented together with the results of photoluminescence (PL). We address to suppression of the defect‐related green‐band PL from ZnO NCs by controlling the crystal size. Next, we describe device properties of the printed EL devices. Specifically, we present the impact on the use of pentaceneon the device properties; pentacene acts as the hole‐transport layer, resulting in the exciton emissions in EL. In addition, it passivates the rear surface of ZnO NC EML, which is effective in suppressing the green‐band EL. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electron and hole accumulation in InN/InGaN heterostructures
Authors: Lebedev V. , Polyakov V. , Knübel A. , Aidam R. , Kirste L. , Cimalla V. , Granzner R. , Schwierz F. , Ambacher O. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractFor high frequency field effect transistors, one of the promising approaches is to grow a very thin (≤10 nm) InN channel pseudomorphically with low defect density between low lattice mismatched InGaN layers. The present work provides a comprehensive analysis of such structures by varying width of the InN well. Both experimental and theoretical approaches have been applied in order to optimize the InN potential well structure for a transistor operation. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Excitation wavelength dependence of photocarrier relaxation in Si‐doped InAs quantum dots with strain‐relaxed InGaAs barriers
Authors: Kitada Takahiro , Mukaijo Akari , Takahashi Tomoya , Mukai Takuya , Morita Ken , Isu Toshiro 
Published: October 2010

AbstractExcitation wavelength dependence (λ = 1.35–1.5 μm) of time‐resolved transmission change was measured for the Si δ ‐doped InAs quantum dots (QDs) with strain‐relaxed In0.35Ga0.65As barriers to clarify the QD‐size dependence of photocarrier relaxation. Two decay components were observed in each temporal profile. The fast (9–10 ps) decay corresponds to photocarrier relaxation into the nonradiative centers arising from the lattice‐strain relaxation, while the small component with a slow decay time is attributed to the radiative recombination process.In the whole excitation wavelength range, decay time of the fast component was reduced by intentional Si δ ‐doping because of the screening effect by generated free electrons. Reduction of the decay time compared with the undoped QD sample was more significant for the longer excitation wavelength. This result indicates that the screening of the barrier potential between the QDs and nonradiative centers might be more effective for the larger‐size QD excitation (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Comparative study of XO···ClF and XS···ClF (X = H, CH3, and F) halogen‐bonded complexes
Authors: Li Qingzhong , Jing Bo , Liu Zhenbo , Li Wenzuo , Cheng Jianbo , Gong Baoan , Sun Jiazhong 
Published: October 2010

AbstractQuantum chemical calculations have been performed to study the single‐electron halogen bonds in HO···ClF and HS···ClF complexes. The calculation methods have a larger effect on the S···Cl halogen bond than on the O···Cl one. The interaction strength in HO···ClF complex is stronger than that in HS···ClF one, but the presence of methyl group in the halogen acceptor makes the sequence reverse. The methyl group has a greater effect on the S···Cl halogen bond than on the O···Cl one. The charge analyses indicate that the methyl group is electron‐donating and the electron‐donating role in the H3CSClF complex is larger than in the H3COClF one. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Large neutral amino acids in the treatment of PKU: from theory to practice
Authors: van Spronsen Francjan J. , de Groot Martijn J. , Hoeksma Marieke , Reijngoud Dirk‐Jan , van Rijn Margreet 
Published: October 2010

AbstractNotwithstanding the success of the traditional dietary phenylalanine restriction treatment in phenylketonuria (PKU), the use of large neutral amino acid (LNAA) supplementation rather than phenylalanine restriction has been suggested. This treatment modality deserves attention as it might improve cognitive outcome and quality of life in patients with PKU. Following various theories about the pathogenesis of cognitive dysfunction in PKU, LNAA supplementation may have multiple treatment targets: a specific reduction in brain phenylalanine concentrations, a reduction in blood (and consequently brain) phenylalanine concentrations, an increase in brain neurotransmitter concentrations, and an increase in brain essential amino acid concentrations. These treatment targets imply different treatment regimes. This review summarizes the treatment targets and the treatment regimens of LNAA supplementation and discusses the differences in LNAA intake between the classical dietary phenylalanine‐restricted diet and several LNAA treatment forms.
Multiple sources of metabolic disturbance inETHE1‐related ethylmalonic encephalopathy
Authors: Barth Magalie , Ottolenghi Chris , Hubert Laurence , Chrétien Dominique , Serre Valérie , Gobin Stéphanie , Romano Stéphane , Vassault Anne , Sefiani Aziz , Ricquier Daniel , Boddaert Nathalie , Brivet Michèle , de Keyzer Yves , Munnich Arnold , Duran Marinus , Rabier Daniel , Valayannopoulos Vassili , de Lonlay Pascale 
Published: October 2010

AbstractEthylmalonic encephalopathy (EE) is a rare metabolic disorder caused by dysfunction of ETHE1, a mitochondrial dioxygenase involved in hydrogen sulfide (H2S) detoxification. Patients present in infancy with psychomotor retardation, chronic diarrhea, orthostatic acrocyanosis and relapsing petechiae. High levels of lactic acid, ethymalonic acid (EMA) and methylsuccinic acid (MSA) are detected in body fluids. Several pathways may contribute to the pathophysiology, including isoleucine, methionine and fatty acid metabolism. We report on a 15‐month‐old male presenting with typical EE associated with a homozygous ETHE1 mutation. We investigated oral isoleucine (150 mg/kg), methionine (100 mg/kg), fatty acid loading tests and isoleucine‐restricted diet (200 mg/day) for any effects on several metabolic parameters. Before loading tests or specific dietary interventions, EMA, C4‐C5 acylcarnitines and most acylglycines were elevated, indicating functional deficiency of short chain acyl‐CoA (SCAD) as well as all branched acyl‐CoA dehydrogenases. Excretion of EMA and n‐butyrylglycine increased following each of the loads, and isoleucine led to increased levels of derivative metabolites. An isoleucine‐restricted diet for 8 days corrected some of the abnormalities but led to no obvious clinical improvement and only partial effects on EMA. A principal component analysis supports the inference that these dietary conditions have consistent effects on the global metabolic profile. Our results suggest that multiple pathways modulate EMA levels in EE. They might all interact with H2S toxicity. Prolonged dietary interventions involving the restriction for branched aminoacids, fatty acids and methionine could be discussed as auxiliary therapeutical strategies in EE.
Ethical guidelines for authorship and publishing in the Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle
Authors: von Haehling Stephan , Morley John E. , Coats Andrew J. S. , Anker Stefan D. 
Published: October 2010

The principles of ethical authorship and publishing in the Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle (JCSM) are:

all authors listed on the manuscript have approved its submission and publication as provided to JCSM;
no person who has a right to be recognized as author has been omitted from the list of authors;
each author has made an independent material contribution to the work submitted for publication;
the submitted work is original and is neither under consideration elsewhere nor has it been published previously in whole or in part other than in abstract form;
all original research work is approved by the relevant bodies such as institutional review boards or ethics committees;
all conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise, that may affect the authors’ ability to present data objectively have been duly declared in the manuscript;
the manuscript in its published form will be maintained on the servers of JCSM as a valid publication only as long as all statements in the guidelines on ethical publishing remain true;
if any of the aforementioned statements ceases to be true, the authors have a duty to notify the editors of JCSM as soon as possible so that the information available online can be updated and/or the manuscript can be withdrawn.
Human evolutionary history: Consequences for the pathogenesis of otitis media
Authors: Bluestone Charles D , Swarts J. Douglas 
Published: October 2010

The pathogenesis of otitis media is multifactorial, but the role of evolution on its development has not been addressed. We posit that the high prevalence of middle‐ear disease is most likely restricted to humans, in contrast to other wild species, because the associated hearing loss would have reduced the fitness of affected individuals as a result of predation. We present here the possible consequences of two human adaptations that may have resulted in ubiquitous otitis media: the interaction of bipedalism and increased brain size, and the loss of facial prognathism resulting from speech or cooking. As a consequence of our adaptation for bipedalism, the female pelvic outlet is constricted, which, in the context of a rapidly enlarging brain, results in humans being born 12 months too soon. Significantly, immature eustachian tube structure and function, in conjunction with an immature immune system, helps to explain the high incidence of otitis media in the first year of life. But the persistence of middle‐ear disease beyond this stage is not explained by “immaturity.” The morphology of the palate changed with the adaptations that produced facial flattening, with concomitant effects on eustachian tube function. These changes resulted in relatively poor human physiologic tubal function in comparison to the nonhuman primate.