bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Curriculum in early childhood education: Global policy discourses and country‐level responses in Aotearoa New Zealand and England
Authors: Wood Elizabeth , Hedges Helen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn early childhood education (ECE), global policy discourses influence national policy frameworks for curriculum, pedagogy and assessment practices. Although aspects of these discourses travel across national boundaries via policy borrowing, we argue that consideration is needed of the cultural–historical evolution of country‐level systems, their epistemological foundations and different goals or aspirations. We combine a cultural–historical perspective with critical policy text analysis to examine two curricular frameworks—England's Early Years Foundation Stage and Aotearoa New Zealand's Te Whāriki. Both nations share similar historical influences and timeframe for the development of ECE policies from the 1990s, but with different local responses, principles and values. Three questions about curriculum inform our policy text analysis: how are children are positioned and understood; what knowledge is valued and what outcomes are valued? The analysis indicates similar influences and discourses, but with dissimilar responses to these questions and distinctive ways of understanding curriculum in each country. We argue that although global discourses promote generic policy drivers and goals, country‐level policy responses need to be understood genealogically and locally in relation to cultures, contexts and values. Taking a global–local approach to policy analysis also raises critical questions about the opportunities and limitations of policy borrowing across international contexts and the importance of contextualisation.
Detecting time‐varying genetic effects in Alzheimer's disease using a longitudinal genome‐wide association studies model
Authors: Zhuang Xiaowei , Xu Gang , Amei Amei , Cordes Dietmar , Wang Zuoheng , Oh Edwin C. ,   For the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: June 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThe development and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex process, during which genetic influences on phenotypes may also change. Incorporating longitudinal phenotypes in genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) could unmask these genetic loci.METHODSWe conducted a longitudinal GWAS using a varying coefficient test to identify age‐dependent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in AD. Data from 1877 Alzheimer's Neuroimaging Data Initiative participants, including impairment status and amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) scan standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) scores, were analyzed using a retrospective varying coefficient mixed model association test (RVMMAT).RESULTSRVMMAT identified 244 SNPs with significant time‐varying effects on AD impairment status, with 12 SNPs on chromosome 19 validated using National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center data. Age‐stratified analyses showed these SNPs’ effects peaked between 70 and 80 years. Additionally, 73 SNPs were linked to longitudinal amyloid accumulation changes. Pathway analyses implicated immune and neuroinflammation‐related disruptions.DISCUSSIONOur findings demonstrate that longitudinal GWAS models can uncover time‐varying genetic signals in AD.Highlights
Identify time‐varying genetic effects using a longitudinal GWAS model in AD.
Illustrate age‐dependent genetic effects on both diagnoses and amyloid accumulation.
Replicate time‐varying effect of APOE in a second dataset.
Application of electrostimulation and magnetic stimulation in patients with optic neuropathy: A mechanistic review
Authors: Khalili Mohammad Reza , Shadmani Athar , Sanie‐Jahromi Fatemeh 
Published: June 2024

AbstractVisual impairment caused by optic neuropathies is irreversible because retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), the specialized neurons of the retina, do not have the capacity for self‐renewal and self‐repair. Blindness caused by optic nerve neuropathies causes extensive physical, financial, and social consequences in human societies. Recent studies on different animal models and humans have established effective strategies to prevent further RGC degeneration and replace the cells that have deteriorated. In this review, we discuss the application of electrical stimulation (ES) and magnetic field stimulation (MFS) in optic neuropathies, their mechanisms of action, their advantages, and limitations. ES and MFS can be applied effectively in the field of neuroregeneration. Although stem cells are becoming a promising approach for regenerating RGCs, the inhibitory environment of the CNS and the long visual pathway from the optic nerve to the superior colliculus are critical barriers to overcome. Scientific evidence has shown that adjuvant treatments, such as the application of ES and MFS help direct thetransplanted RGCs to extend their axons and form new synapses in the central nervous system (CNS). In addition, these techniques improve CNS neuroplasticity and decrease the inhibitory effects of the CNS. Possible mechanisms mediating the effects of electrical current on biological tissues include the release of anti‐inflammatory cytokines, improvement of microcirculation, stimulation of cell metabolism, and modification of stem cell function. ES and MFS have the potential to promote angiogenesis, direct axon growth toward the intended target, and enhance appropriate synaptogenesis in optic nerve regeneration.
Trait‐specific sensitive developmental windows: Wing growth best integrates weather conditions encountered throughout the development of nestling Alpine swifts
Authors: Masoero Giulia , Dumas Michela N. , Martin Julien G. A. , Bize Pierre 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe size and growth patterns of nestling birds are key determinants of their survival up to fledging and long‐term fitness. However, because traits such as feathers, skeleton and body mass can follow different developmental trajectories, our understanding of the impact of adverse weather on development requires insights into trait‐specific sensitive developmental windows. We analysed data from nestling Alpine swifts in Switzerland measured throughout growth up to the age of 50 days (i.e. fledging between 50 and 70 days), for wing length and body mass (2693 nestlings in 25 years) and sternum length (2447 nestlings in 22 years). We show that the sensitive developmental windows for wing and sternum length corresponded to the periods of trait‐specific peak growth, which span almost the whole developmental period for wings and the first half for the sternum. Adverse weather conditions during these periods slowed down growth and reduced size. Although nestling body mass at 50 days showed the greatest inter‐individual variation, this was explained by weather in the two days before measurement rather than during peak growth. Interestingly, the relationship between temperature and body mass was not linear, and the initial sharp increase in body mass associated with the increase in temperature was followed by a moderate drop on hot days, likely linked to heat stress. Nestlings experiencing adverse weather conditions during wing growth had lower survival rates up to fledging and fledged at later ages, presumably to compensate for slower wing growth. Overall, our results suggest that measures of feather growth and, to some extent, skeletal growth best capture the consequences of adverse weather conditions throughout the whole development of offspring, while body mass better reflects the short, instantaneous effects of weather conditions on their body reserves (i.e. energy depletion vs. storage in unfavourable vs. favourable conditions).
Synthesis of Fluorine‐Containing C2‐Tetrasubstituted Indolin–3‐ones via Rapid Incorporation of Difluoroacetate Radical Into 2‐Aryl‐3H‐indol‐3‐ones
Authors: Li Qian , Zhao Shi‐Na , Li Ganpeng , He Yonghui , Zhao Xiao‐Jing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHere, we have successfully achieved the addition of difluoroacetate radicals to 2‐aryl‐3H‐indol‐3‐ones, enabling various difluoroalkylations of C2‐tetrasubstituted 2‐aryl indolin‐3‐ones in a highly efficient and economical manner. It is worth mentioning that these difluoroalkylation compounds can be easily transformed into various derivatives under mild reaction conditions. Control experiments suggest the involvement of ethyl difluoroacetate radical species in the reaction.
Impact of failure mode uncertainty on seismic fragility and collapse risk of buildings
Authors: Opabola Eyitayo A. , Liel Abbie , Elwood Kenneth 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLaboratory tests on nominally identical reinforced concrete (RC) components have demonstrated the existence of failure mode variability and its significant impact on the strength and deformation capacity of RC components. In comparison with record‐to‐record and modeling uncertainties, the impact of failure mode uncertainty on the seismic fragility of RC structural systems has received less attention. This study presents a methodology for propagating failure mode variability in the probabilistic seismic assessment of RC structural systems. In the proposed methodology, strength hierarchy calculations are used to identify the structural system's susceptibility to failure mode variability. Subsequently, a number of segregate models corresponding to the number of failure mode combinations are developed. Nonlinear response history analyses of the segregates are used to quantify each segregate's seismic fragility and risk. Finally, the total probability theorem is used to derive the combined seismic fragility of the structure. The proposed methodology is demonstrated using an older‐type (pre‐1970s) four‐story RC frame building archetype with ground floor columns susceptible to failure mode switch between flexure‐ and flexure‐shear mechanisms. The results show that the seismic fragility and collapse risk of the RC buildings with failure mode variability significantly changes when failure mode variability is propagated. In the example, accounting for component‐level failure mode variability can shift the median collapse fragility by more than 20%. Furthermore, the collapse risk (i.e., probability of collapse in 50 years) of the archetype changed by at least 30%. Similar changes may be observed in other types of structures with significant failure mode uncertainty, not limited to RC structures.
A real‐time hybrid simulation framework for reliability‐based design optimization of structures subjected to pulse‐like ground motions
Authors: Peng Changle , Guo Tong , Chen Cheng , Xu Weijie 
Published: June 2024

AbstractReliability‐based design optimization (RBDO) traditionally relies primarily on high‐fidelity and computationally expensive simulations to search for and evaluate design solutions. However, significant disparities could emerge for complex nonlinear behavior that are challenging for numerical modeling. In contrast to mitigating the impact of inaccurate numerical modeling through optimization algorithms, laboratory experiments realistically capture the complex nonlinear behavior of structures or their components. Real‐time hybrid simulation (RTHS) is widely considered as an efficient and cost‐effective technique for integrating numerical modeling with experimental testing for structural response evaluation. This study proposes an innovative framework that utilizes RTHS for the performance assessment of candidate designs to enable RBDO of structures subjected to pulse‐like ground motions. RTHS tests are conducted to physically evaluate structural responses through realistically replicating complex nonlinear behavior of experimental substructures. This study introduces a novel penalty function‐based efficient global optimization (P‐EGO) method to minimize the required number of laboratory tests through surrogating the response quantities of interest derived from RTHS. The proposed framework is experimentally evaluated for design optimization of a two‐story four‐bay steel moment‐resisting frame with self‐centering viscous dampers subjected to pulse‐like ground motions. The results demonstrate innovative application of RTHS in dynamic optimal design to account for uncertainties. It offers an effective and efficient alternative for traditional RBDO through pure computational simulation, particularly when structural components pose challenges for numerical modeling.
Green hospitals: Mitigating water footprint and greenhouse gas emissions through sustainable menu planning in Turkish state university hospitals
Authors: Oruçoğlu Betül , Kemaloğlu Mehmetcan , Kemaloğlu Emine 
Published: June 2024

AbstractConsidering the importance of sustainable nutrition, it is important that hospitals' meal menus are planned to ensure the lowest possible environmental footprint. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the environmental effects of hospital menus and the changes that may occur when these menus are planned according to the Turkey Dietary Guidelines and Mediterranean diet recommendations. In this context, first, the yearly environmental footprints of the standard meal menus of the state university hospitals in Turkey (n = 42), including water footprint (WF) and greenhouse gas emission (GHGE) values, were determined. Second, changes in the environmental footprint as a result of arranging the standard meal menus of state university hospitals according to the Turkey Dietary Guidelines and Mediterranean nutritional models were evaluated. It was determined that the average WF and GHGE values of hospital menus were 137,280 ± 18537.2 L/month and 140.0 ± 18.4 kg CO2‐eq/month, respectively. Adjusting state university hospitals' standard meal menus according to Turkey Dietary Guidelines and Mediterranean nutritional models reduced WF by 24.8% to 103206.7 L/month and 37.8% to 85420.5 L/month, and GHGEs by 31.7% to 95.5 kg CO2‐eq/month and 49% to 71.3 kg CO2‐eq/month, respectively. In addition, it was determined that hospital meal menus planned according to the Turkey Dietary Guidelines and the Mediterranean nutritional model contained lower saturated fat and cholesterol and higher dietary fiber. In conclusion, planning hospital menus according to the Turkey Dietary Guidelines and Mediterranean nutritional recommendations can reduce the environmental footprint of hospital food services.
Foreign institutional investors and equity share decisions in cross‐border mergers and acquisitions
Authors: Wajda Dennis , Bu Juan , Shi Wei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractResearch SummaryThis study examines the role of foreign institutional investors in shaping acquiring firms' equity share decisions in cross‐border mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We argue that foreign institutional ownership (FIO) from a given country is positively associated with the share of equity sought in the target firm in this country because foreign institutional investors can help reduce information asymmetry between the acquiring and target firms. Moreover, this positive relationship is stronger if target firms are in countries with weaker institutional development because acquiring firms suffer from higher information asymmetry and thus are more inclined to rely on foreign institutional investors for information. Findings from a sample of 4166 cross‐border M&As by US firms lend support to our arguments.Managerial SummaryCan foreign institutional investors influence acquiring firms' equity share decisions in cross‐border M&As? We posit that local knowledge and information foreign institutional investors provide to acquiring firms can reduce uncertainty in the M&A process. Using data on cross‐border M&As by US firms, we find that high levels of FIO are positively associated with the equity sought in target firms by acquirers. This effect is stronger when target firms are located in countries with weak institutions. Our study highlights the beneficial role of FIO that firm executives should be aware of and has practical implications for how firms manage the M&A process.
Safety and effectiveness of mogamulizumab in relapsed or refractory CC chemokine receptor 4‐positive peripheral T‐cell lymphoma and relapsed or refractory cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma: A post‐marketing surveillance in Japan
Authors: Ishitsuka Kenji , Yasukawa Tomoharu , Tsuji Yukie 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMogamulizumab is a humanized antibody targeting CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4). This post‐marketing surveillance was conducted in Japan as a regulatory requirement from 2014 to 2020 to ensure the safety and effectiveness of mogamulizumab in patients with relapsed or refractory (r/r) CCR4‐positive peripheral T‐cell lymphoma (PTCL) or r/r cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL). Safety and effectiveness data were collected for up to 31 weeks after treatment initiation. A total of 142 patients were registered; safety was evaluated in 136 patients. The median number of doses was 8.0 (range, 1–18). The main reasons for treatment termination were insufficient response (22.1%) and adverse events (13.2%). The frequency of any grade adverse drug reaction was 57.4%, including skin disorders (26.5%), infections and immune system disorders (16.2%), and infusion‐related reactions (13.2%). Graft‐versus‐host disease, grade 2, developed in one of two patients who underwent allogeneic‐hematopoietic stem cell transplantation after receiving mogamulizumab. Effectiveness was evaluated in 131 patients (103 with PTCL; 28 with CTCL). The best overall response rate was 45.8% (PTCL, 47.6%; CTCL, 39.3%). At week 31, the survival rate was 69.0% (95% confidence interval, 59.8%–76.5%) [PTCL, 64.4% (54.0%–73.0%); CTCL, 90.5% (67.0%–97.5%)]. Safety and effectiveness were comparable between patients <70 and ≥ 70 years old and between those with relapsed and refractory disease. The safety and effectiveness of mogamulizumab for PTCL and CTCL in the real world were comparable with the data reported in previous clinical trials.Clinical Trial Registration
Numerical study of droplet impact on a superheated surface under an electric field based on perfect and leaky dielectric theories
Authors: Ghadami Reza , Pournaderi Pedram 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the hydrothermal behavior of leaky dielectric and perfect dielectric droplets impacting a superheated wall within a specific range of Weber numbers under an electric field. Through this investigation, we aim to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the dynamics involved in droplet‐superheated surface interactions under electric fields, which can be useful in various applications, such as the design of cooling systems and combustion chambers. The study utilizes the level‐set and ghost fluid techniques to capture the interface accurately. Under an electric field, different behaviors are observed during the impact process, depending on the electrical properties of the droplet. A perfect dielectric droplet experiences a reduction in spreading extent and an increase in contact time. However, no remarkable enhancement in total heat removal occurs in this case. For the leaky dielectric droplet exhibiting prolate deformation at the stationary state, increasing the electric field magnitude results in a slight decrease in the droplet spreading extent, while the droplet contact time and total heat removal from the surface increase. At an electric capillary number of 1.55E − 2 and a Weber number of 25, the enhancement in the contact time and total heat removal is about 43% and 15%, respectively. For the leaky dielectric droplet with oblate deformation at the stationary state, the spreading extent and total heat removal increase, with negligible changes in contact time. At the above‐mentioned electric capillary and Weber numbers, the enhancement in the spreading extent and total heat removal is about 7.5% and 15%, respectively.
RNAs in tumour‐derived extracellular vesicles and their significance in the tumour microenvironment
Authors: Bugajova Maria , Raudenska Martina , Masarik Michal , Kalfert David , Betka Jan , Balvan Jan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSmall extracellular vesicles (sEVs) secreted by various types of cells serve as crucial mediators of intercellular communication within the complex tumour microenvironment (TME). Tumour‐derived small extracellular vesicles (TDEs) are massively produced and released by tumour cells, recapitulating the specificity of their cell of origin. TDEs encapsulate a variety of RNA species, especially messenger RNAs, microRNAs, long non‐coding RNAs, and circular RNAs, which release to the TME plays multifaced roles in cancer progression through mediating cell proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and immune evasion. sEVs act as natural delivery vehicles of RNAs and can serve as useful targets for cancer therapy. This review article provides an overview of recent studies on TDEs and their RNA cargo, with emphasis on the role of these RNAs in carcinogenesis.
Dietary intake, obesity, and physical activity in association with biliary tract cancer risk: Results from meta‐analyses of individual‐level data from prospective cohort studies of 723,326 adults
Authors: Gunchick Valerie , Wen Wanqing , Jia Guochong , Roberts Lewis R. , Koshiol Jill , Shu Xiao‐Ou , Zheng Wei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBiliary tract cancer (BTC) is a rare and aggressive malignancy with increasing incidence. Most BTC cases are diagnosed with metastatic disease which carries a 5‐year survival rate of <5%. Physical activity, diet, and obesity might be associated with BTC risk, but studies have been limited particularly in African descendants. We addressed this knowledge gap by evaluating associations of BTC risk with obesity, physical activity, and dietary intakes in 723,326 adult participants in four cohort studies conducted in China, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in each cohort; results were combined using meta‐analysis. All cohorts had ≥11 median follow‐up years with 839 incident BTC cases combined. BTC risk was positively associated with body mass index (BMI) and waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR) whereas physical activity, fruit intake, and fish intake were inversely associated. HR and (95% CI) comparing BMI >35.0 to 18.5–24.9: 1.71 (1.26, 2.31), p‐trend <.0001; comparing BMI‐adjusted WHR top to bottom quartile: 1.20 (0.94, 1.53), p‐trend = .05; comparing ≥15–0 metabolic equivalent task‐hours/week 0.76 (0.61, 0.94), p‐trend = .009; comparing highest to lowest intake tertile for fruit and fish 0.79 (0.66, 0.95), p‐trend = .01; 0.82 (0.68, 0.98), p‐trend = .04, respectively. Associations were, in general, similar across ancestry groups. Our study provides strong evidence for important roles of obesity, diet, and physical activity in BTC etiology and stresses the need for lifestyle modification to combat the rising incidence of this fatal malignancy.