bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccine targeting tau phosphorylated at Ser396/Ser404 (PHF1) site outperforms phosphorylated S199/S202 (AT8) site in reducing tau pathology and restoring cognitive deficits in the rTg4510 mouse model of tauopathy
Authors: Bhaskar Kiran , Hulse Jonathan , Maphis Nicole , Peabody Julianne , Chackerian Bryce 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Tauopathies, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD), are histopathologically defined by the aggregation of hyperphosphorylated pathological tau (pTau) as neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Site-specific phosphorylation of tau occurs early in the disease process and correlates with progressive cognitive decline, thus serving as targetable pathological epitopes for immunotherapeutic development. Previously, we developed a vaccine (Qβ-pT181) displaying phosphorylated Thr181 tau peptides on the surface of a Qβ bacteriophage virus-like particle (VLP) that induced robust antibody responses, cleared pathological tau, and rescued memory deficits in a transgenic mouse model of tauopathy. Here we report the characterization and comparison of two additional Qβ VLP-based vaccines targeting the dual phosphorylation sites Ser199/Ser202 (Qβ-AT8) and Ser396/Ser404 (Qβ-PHF1). Both Qβ-AT8 and Qβ-PHF1 vaccines elicited high-titer antibody responses against their pTau epitopes. However, only Qβ-PHF1 rescued cognitive deficits, reduced soluble and insoluble pathological tau, and reactive microgliosis in a 4-month rTg4510 model of FTD. Both sera from Qβ-AT8 and Qβ-PHF1 vaccinated mice were specifically reactive to tau pathology in human AD post-mortem brain sections. These studies further support the use of VLP-based immunotherapies to target pTau in AD and related tauopathies and provide potential insight into the clinical efficacy of various pTau epitopes in the development of immunotherapeutics.
Quantitative assessment of compound flood disaster in the Xijiang River Basin, considering univariate and multivariate with intra-correlation
Authors: Zhao Yinmao , Dong Ningpeng , Xu Kui , Wang Hao 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Changing climatic conditions have escalated the risk of compound disaster, and there remains a scarcity of quantitative research at river basin scale. An integrated research framework is proposed in this study to quantitatively analyze and assess the risk of future compound flood in Xijiang River Basin based on external driving factor and internal variables. Under this framework, a multi-model ensemble of 10 preferred CMIP6 GCMs is carried out based on statistical downscaling and Bayesian weighted average method, and the multi-scale variation characteristics of precipitation and runoff during 2020 ~ 2099 are analyzed based on the ensemble data. Combined with univariate and multivariate trend analysis considering intra-correlation, the multi-class copula functions are utilized to estimate the joint probability and return period of compound flood. The results show that: 1) The precipitation and runoff increase by 8.25%, 14.5%, and 34.05%, 55.18% respectively compare to the baseline period under SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5, with both displaying an increasing trend at rates of 1.03%/10a, 2.66%/10a, and 2.74%/10a, 4.62%/10a on the interdecadal scale under the two scenarios, respectively. 2) The internal variables of the compound flood represented by the annual maximum peak flow (AMPF) and the annual consecutive maximum 7-day flood volume (AM7dFV) present a significant increasing trend under the two scenarios, but the annual maximum precipitation (AMPre) of the external driving factor does not show a significant trend while the annual total precipitation (ATPre) of the external driving factor increases significantly under both scenarios. It is noteworthy that both the internal variables and the external driving factors of compound flood show significant increases in the multivariate analysis. 3) The joint variable of compound flood demonstrates a substantially increasing trend under both scenarios, along with an increase in the magnitude of the once-in-a-century flood. Discounting the intra-correlation between multivariate, the degree of disaster would be underestimated.
Mauritia flexuosa L.f. (Buriti) Forest Description: Hydro-edaphic Effects on Tree Species Distribution in Western Amazon
Authors: Ribeiro Karoline A.F. , Reis Leonardo P. , Assis Pâmella L.S. , Castro Mário J.L. , Nascimento Paulo J.F.P. , Naissinger Bruna M. , Souza Gabriela O. , Gris Darlene 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

This study addresses the lack of knowledge about the Buritizais of the Western Brazilian Amazon, trying to fill important gaps for the conservation and management of these unique ecosystems. The study was conducted in the Javari-Buriti Area of Relevant Ecological Interest, with the aim of characterizing the forest communities in different phytophysiognomies, identifying species distribution patterns and the factors that influence the abundance of Mauritia flexuosa L.f. A floristic inventory was carried out in areas of várzea alta (T1), várzea alta with transition to buritizal (T2) and buritizal (T3). Phytosociological analysis was carried out and environmental variables (soil and flooding) were related to vegetation composition using statistical tests and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). 112 species were recorded and there was a significant variation in richness between areas, with T2 having the highest number (84 species) and T3 (Buritizal) the lowest (28 species). The CCA showed an association between floristic composition and environmental characteristics, especially organic matter. The regression tree showed a preference of M. flexuosa for areas with high organic matter and phosphorus. Ordination revealed a clear differentiation in floristic composition between the areas of várzea alta and buritizal, with the marked presence of species such as M. flexuosa and Chromolucuma rubriflora in the buritizal, correlated positively with organic matter and negatively with copper and aluminum. Our results highlight the influence of environmental conditions on the distribution of plant species in the ARIE Javari-Buriti. Understanding these interactions is crucial for guiding conservation and sustainable management strategies in the Amazon.
Mangrove tree aerial root extract mediated green synthesis of Ag/Fe3O4/GO nanocomposite and its application as a catalyst for one pot synthesis of 7-phenyl-6H,7H-benzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1-b]chromeno[4,3-d][1,3]thiazin-6-one derivatives
Authors: Parthiban Devendiran , Kuppusamy Muniyan Ramasamy , Vanitha Chinnaswamy , Gomathi Ayyanan , Suraksha Dhanasekaran 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

This research dealt with preparation of magnetically separable Ag/Fe3O4/rGO nanocomposite through green method using Mangrove tree aerial root extract as a stabilising agent. The morphology, size, chemical composition, magnetic property and other characteristic parameters of synthesized Ag/Fe3O4/GO nanocomposite were determined by analytical techniques like FT-IR, XRD, EDX and SEM. The results proved that the Mangrove tree aerial root extract has the ability of reduction of Ag+ ions and graphene oxide (GO) to Ag nanoparticles and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), respectively. The prepared Ag/Fe3O4/rGO nanocomposite is used successfully as a prompt catalyst for synthesis of 7-phenyl-6H,7H-benzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1-b]chromeno[4,3-d][1,3]thiazin-6-one derivatives by one-pot multicomponent reaction of hydroxycoumarin (10 mmol), mercaptobenzimidazole (10 mmol) and different aldehyde (10 mmol) in the presence of ethanol (10 ml) as an eco-benign solvent at reflux condition. By utilising this protocol, we have constructed 7-phenyl-6H,7H-benzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1-b]chromeno[4,3-d][1,3]thiazin-6-one derivatives in good to excellent yield of 80-90%. This synthesis involves formation for C-C, C-N, C-S bond. The synthesized organic heterocyclic compounds were examined for the green matrix properties such as atom economy (AE), E-factor and product mass intensity (PMI). This green protocol is of big interest due to employing simple, non-toxic heterogeneous, separable, reusable Ag/Fe3O4/GO as an eco-safe heterogenous catalyst and environmentally benign ethanol as a green solvent without the use of any harmful mineral acid and toxic transition metal catalyst.
Community Health Services in Pabna, Bangladesh: Assessing Effectiveness and SDG Contributions
Authors: Zaman Md. Atiq , Siddique Rafi Hasan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) requires strengthening community health systems, especially in resource-limited settings. This study evaluates the effectiveness and availability of community health services in Pabna Sadar Upazila, a sub-district in northwest Bangladesh, and analyzes their contributions toward select SDG targets. Using mixed methods including a population-based survey (n=625 households), in-depth interviews with health workers (n=15) and district managers (n=5), and direct observation of community clinics (n=12), we assess service utilization, population coverage, quality of care, and alignment with SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-Being). The study finds relatively high utilization of services targeting maternal and child health, but limited provision of services addressing non-communicable diseases and the needs of the rapidly growing elderly population. Significant inequities exist in service access and quality between urban and rural areas. While making important contributions to SDG targets 3.1 (maternal mortality), 3.2 (neonatal/child mortality) and 3.7 (sexual/reproductive health services), existing community health services only partially support other critical SDG 3 targets. We identify key health systems constraints as well as promising strategies to strengthen community-based health service delivery as a pathway for further progress on the SDGs in Bangladesh and other low-income countries.
Vem++, a c++ library to handle and play with the Virtual Element Method
Authors: Dassi Franco 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The Virtual Element Method (VEM) is an extension of the Finite Element Method (FEM) to handle polytopal meshes. After giving a short introduction of the VEM for a two dimensional Laplacian problem, we show the differences between an implementation of a VEM and a FEM code highlighting which are the main issues associated with the VEM framework. Furthermore, this paper will show one of the possible ways to face such issues: Vem++ a c++ library developed to “deal and play” with the VEM discretisation. This c++ library deals with the VEM, since there are several partial differential equations in two/three dimensions coming from both academic and engineering problems. Then, one can “play” with the VEM, since Vem++ has been designed so that one can plug-in new features such as new polytopes quadrature rules, new solvers and new virtual element spaces in a smart way.
A Case of Adnexal Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Washington DC
Authors: Akosman Sinan , Song Heeyah , Sheils Paul , Mansour Tamer , Wroblewski Keith J , Rajjoub Lamise 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To report a rare non-endemic case of Leishmania aethiopica in Washington DC.
Case report
A 68-year-old female presented for a routine examination with a complaint of right upper eyelid lesions for the past 5 months. On examination, a cluster of elevated and erythematous lesions extending from the medial canthus to the brow area of the right eye were seen. Initial treatment with Valtrex based on a suspected viral etiology failed. Although a biopsy was recommended at this time, the patient declined, and subsequent workup included nasolacrimal duct irrigation, blood work to rule out autoimmune etiology, a course of doxycycline, and an MRI, which yielded no improvement. Upon progression of the lesions into persistent plaques on the eyelids, a punch biopsy was performed, confirming leishmaniasis. The patient was then started on a 28-day course of oral miltefosine which led to complete resolution of her symptoms.
Conclusion
This case underlines the importance of a broad differential including non-endemic diseases, particularly in urban areas with frequent patient travel. Furthermore, the delayed punch biopsy in this case highlights the importance of patient counseling to ensure prompt diagnosis and treatment.
Intraspinal pressure is not elevated after traumatic spinal cord injury in a porcine model sham-controlled trial.
Authors: Thygesen Mathias Møller Møller , Entezari Seyar , Houlind Nanna Kaae , Nielsen Teresa Haugaard , Olsen Nicholas Østergaard , Nielsen Tim Damgaard , Skov Mathias , Tankisi Alp , Rasmussen Mads , Einarsson Halldór Bjarki , Orlowski Dariusz , Dyrskog Stig , Thorup Line , Pedersen Michael , Rasmussen Mikkel Mylius 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction
It has been suggested that intraspinal pressure (ISP) below the dura is elevated following traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI). The dura can maintain the pressure, a hence a subdural compartment syndrome has been hypothesized to develop regardless of bony decompression.
This study aimed to evaluate whether a such intradural compartment syndrome develops during the first 72 hours in a porcine TSCI model.
Methods
First, in a randomized sham controlled-trial design, longitudinal ISP measurements were performed over a period of 72 h from onset of TSCI. TSCI was inflicted by a weight-drop contusion regime: 75 g rod, 75 mm free fall, 5 min compression of the spinal cord. Second, in a sham controlled dose-response design longitudinal ISP measurements were performed over a period of 16 h from onset of TSCI, using two other contusion regimes: 75 g, 125 mm free fall, 5 min compression; and 75 g, 75 mm, 240 min compression. Animals were kept sedated for the entire course of the study using propofol, fentanyl and midazolam.
Results
ISP increased in TSCI and sham animals alike, but we found no significant increase in ISP following TSCI compared to the sham group, and we found no relationship between the ISP increase and the severity or duration of the TSCI impact.
Conclusion
These findings suggest that the subdural swelling of the spinal cord following TSCI is not responsible for the ISP increase measured in our TSCI model, but that the ISP increase was caused by the surgical procedure or the reconstitution of normal CSF pressure.
Marine megavertebrate migrations connect the global oceans
Authors: Bentley Lily , Nisthar Dina , Fujioka Ei , Curtice Corrie , Deland Sarah , Donnelly Ben , Harrison Autumn-Lynn , Heywood Ellie , Kot Connie , Crespo Guillermo Ortuño , Poulin Sarah , Halpin Patrick , Dunn Daniel 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Animal migrations are extensive, ubiquitous, and in decline. To effectively protect migratory species, it is often crucial to identify the interconnected sets of sites they rely upon. Gaps between primary ecological research and synthesized information that is useful to policymakers has limited effective conservation of long-distance migrants, particularly in the marine realm. By synthesizing 1304 references to identify 1787 important sites and develop model migratory networks for 109 species, we show the minimum extent of marine megafauna connectivity across the global oceans. Our analyses underscore the importance of transboundary cooperation for migratory species conservation at scales larger than current regional structures afford and provide a free online system that will enable policymakers to efficiently summarize how marine migrants use and connect their jurisdictions.
Effect of pharmacogenomics - oriented Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Followed by P2Y12 receptor inhibitors/Aspirin on Cardiovascular and Bleeding Events in ACS Patients: A Trial Protocol
Authors: Peng Hui , Ji Longyu , Lai Hongmei , Tao Jing , Li Guoqing , Gao Jiong , Wang Zhao , Yao Juan , Guo Zitong , Xi’er Zulipiye , Zhao Peng , Shen Xin , Gu Peipei , Li Jie , Yang Yining 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) combined of aspirin and P2Y12 receptor inhibitors is the mainstay of treatment after acute coronary syndrome (ACS), but there are some problems remained to be explored, such as the duration of DAPT and choice of P2Y12 receptor inhibitors. This protocol is to evaluate the clinical benefit of pharmacogenomics (PGx)-based strategy of DAPT for ACS patients through a real-world study. A total of 6037 ACS patients are expected to be included in the study, with 3185 patients assigned to the PGx group and 3185 patients to the standard treatment group. The primary endpoint is major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). The secondary endpoint is main efficacy indicators and composite outcome of stent thrombosis. The safety endpoint is major bleeding (BARC 2, 3, 4, 5) and fatal bleeding. We expect lower incidence of MACE and bleeding events in patients with genotype-guided treatment, compared to treatment as usual. Consequently, this protocol is expected to identify a genotype-based strategy of precise medication of antiplatelet therapy.
Comparative analyses uncover a link between mRNA splicing, stability, and RNA covalent modifications in flowering plants
Authors: Palos Kyle , Dittrich Anna C. Nelson , Lyons Eric H. , Gregory Brian D. , Nelson Andrew D. L. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
In recent years, covalent modifications on RNA nucleotides have emerged as pivotal moieties influencing the structure, function, and regulatory processes of RNA Polymerase II transcripts such as mRNAs and lncRNAs. However, our understanding of their biological roles and whether these roles are conserved across eukaryotes remains limited.
Results
In this study, we leveraged standard RNA-sequencing data to identify and characterize RNA modifications that introduce base-pairing errors into cDNA reads. Our investigation incorporated data from three Poaceae (Zea mays, Sorghum bicolor, and Setaria italica), as well as publicly available data from a range of stress and genetic contexts in Sorghum and Arabidopsis thaliana. We uncovered a strong enrichment of RNA covalent modifications (RCMs) deposited on a conserved core set of nuclear RNAs involved in photosynthesis and translation across these species. However, the cohort of modified transcripts changed based on environmental context and developmental program, a pattern that was also conserved across flowering plants. We determined that RCMs can partly explain accession-level differences in drought tolerance in Sorghum, with stress-associated genes receiving a higher level of RCMs in a drought tolerant accession. To address function, we determined that RCMs are significantly enriched near exon junctions within coding regions, suggesting an association with splicing. Intriguingly, we found that these base-pair disrupting RCMs are associated with stable mRNAs, are highly correlated with protein abundance, and thus likely associated with facilitating translation.
Conclusions
Our data point to a conserved role for RCMs in mRNA stability and translation across the flowering plant lineage.
Effects of Mesenteric Artery Ligation Level on Patients with Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer after Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy: A Multi-Center Cohort Study
Authors: Wang Chentong , Zhou Jiaolin , An Yang , Lin Guole , Jia Whenzhuo , Wu Aiwen , Han Jiagang , Liu Qian , Yao Hongwei , Li Ganbin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background and purpose
For patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT), there is currently limited research on the optimal level of inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) ligation during surgery. We carried out a retrospective cohort study to analyze the impact of IMA ligation level on surgical outcomes and long-term patient prognosis.
Methods
The data originated from a multicenter randomized controlled trial conducted across six tertiary referral hospitals in Beijing, involving LARC patients undergoing nCRT followed by radical surgery. Patients were divided into high (HL) and low ligation (LL) groups based on the ligation level of IMA. Evaluation parameters included surgical outcomes, complications, long-term survival, and quality of life questionnaires.
Results
From August 2017 to April 2022, a total of 337 patients were included in the analysis. The number of lymph nodes retrieved was higher in the LL group compared to the HL group. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and other factors.
Conclusion
For LARC patients undergoing nCRT, the level of IMA ligation during radical surgery does not significantly impact complications or long-term prognosis. The selection of ligation pattern should be based on a comprehensive assessment of factors including metastatic risk, vascular anatomy, comorbidity (such as atherosclerosis), and surgical skills of the surgeons.
Early Disaster Detection System Based on GPON
Authors: M Devika , S Supriya S , Soumitra R D , Zacharias Joseph 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Disaster management and response have advanced
significantly with the creation of a novel early disaster detection
system that makes use of a Gigabit Passive Optical Network
(GPON). To enable real-time monitoring and quick information
distribution in the case of impending disasters, this system makes
use of the high bandwidth and wide coverage of GPONs. The
system is intended to identify early indicators of environmental
changes that may precede natural disasters like floods, earthquakes, or fires by integrating sensors and sophisticated analytics
throughout the optical network. The network’s sensors gather a
variety of environmental data, which are subsequently processed
by advanced algorithms to forecast and identify anomalies
signifying impending threats. By giving authorities and the public
timely warnings, the GPON’s real-time data processing and high-speed communication capabilities enable prompt and effective
coordination of emergency response activities, potentially saving
lives and minimizing damage. This system is an affordable
option that can be put into practice in a variety of urban and
geographic contexts because it shows how to strategically use the
current telecommunications infrastructure to improve disaster
preparedness and response efforts.
Efficacy study of endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy with decompression of lacrimal sac
Authors: Li Sha , Zhang Yong , Li Xudong , Zhang Jiang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective
Study and analyze the clinical effect of endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy with decompression of lacrimal sac.
Methods
Prospective randomized controlled trail. 269 patients (302 eyes) with chronic dacryocystitis were diagnosed in Aier eye hospital of Wuhan university from February 2018 to September 2023, and all patients were underwent endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy. According to the principle of double-blind random sampling, they were divided into two groups before surgery. Group A was treated with decompression of lacrimal sac during the operation, while the lacrimal sac decompression was not performed during operation in group B. Regular follow-up to 6mo postoperative was carried out to count the postoperative efficacy of two groups of patients.
Results
Five patients (6 eyes) lost to follow-up were removed, a total of 264 patients (296 eyes) were included in the comparative analysis in this study. 136 cases (151 eyes) in the group A were included in the comparative analysis, the cure rate was 82.78%, the improvement rate was 13.25%, the effective rate was 96.03%, and the inefficiency was 3.97%. While in group B, the cure rate of 128 cases (145 eyes) was 62.76%, the improvement rate was 26.90%, the effective rate was 89.66%, and the ineffective rate was 10.34%. The difference in efficacy between the two groups was statistically significant (χ2 = 15.147, P = 0.000).
Conclusion
Dacryocyst decompression performed during endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy can improve the efficacy of surgery and reduce the occurrence of complications.