bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delivering economic stimulus, addressing rising public debt and avoiding inflation
Authors: Wood Richard 
Published: March 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review monetary policy options in countries assumed to be suffering from two common economic problems: deficient private demand and high and rising public debt.Design/methodology/approachThe analytical approach assumes that relevant authorities have decided that new money creation is necessary to address their economic problems. The paper asks the question: how should this new money creation best be deployed to create the required economic stimulus in the context of rising public debt?FindingsThe first finding is that the latest rounds of “quantitative easing” in the USA (QE2) and Japan are likely to be inefficient, largely ineffective and have adverse side‐effects, and that in periphery countries the risk of debt default is being increased by current defensive policy settings. The second finding is that the policy of financing budget deficits by printing new money is likely to be more effective (than “quantitative easing” and current Eurozone policy) in raising demand, output and employment without adding unnecessarily to already high levels of public debt.Practical implicationsThere are very substantial practical policy implications, involving a potential change of monetary policy strategies for two of the world's largest economies and for Eurozone periphery countries. Post‐earthquake reconstruction in Japan could be financed in the manner recommended in this paper.Originality/valueThe originality/value lies in demonstrating that current monetary policy orthodoxy is misplaced, and that an alternative policy strategy has been overlooked and is likely to be more effective.
The role of defective mental models in generating the global financial crisis
Authors: Willett Thomas D. 
Published: March 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to stress the role that several defective theories or views of the world played in generating the subprime financial crisis.Design/methodology/approachThis is done by describing these views, showing that they were widely held by relevant decision makers, and by analyzing the flaws in these views. A considerable amount of literature is surveyed in the process.FindingsIt was found that these defective views did play a major role in generating the crisis.Research limitations/implicationsImplications of the analysis for future research are discussed.Practical implicationsImplications of the analysis for reform of private and public sector financial policies are discussed.Originality/valueWhile most of the arguments in the paper are not new, no paper of which the author is aware pulls them together with the same emphasis on how faulty mental models interacted with dangerous incentive structures to play a prime role in generating the crisis. The paper also references a much wider range of literature on the crisis than any study of which the author is aware. The paper should be of value to any one interested in the causes of the crisis and ways to make future crises less likely.
Janus kinase Inhibition and its effect upon the therapeutic landscape for myelofibrosis: from palliation to cure?
Authors: Harrison Claire , Verstovsek Srdan , McMullin Mary F. , Mesa Ruben 
Published: March 2012

SummaryFollowing the discovery of the Janus kinase (JAK) 2 V617F mutation in 2005 the explosion of research and drug development activity has not only advanced our understanding of the pathogenesis of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) but also triggered debate about classification, allowed revised diagnostic and response criteria, provided a target for treatment and a mode of monitoring its success. These changes and the resultant clinical research are discussed in this article where we argue that discovery of the JAK2 V617F mutation has signalled the much delayed change in therapeutic paradigm for myelofibrosis and possibly other MPNs from palliation and allowing us to move closer to, but not yet attain, a cure.
Mineralocorticoid receptor activation in myocardial infarction and failure: recent advances
Authors: Galuppo Paolo , Bauersachs Johann 
Published: March 2012

Eur J Clin Invest 2012; 42 (10): 1112–1120The classical view of aldosterone actions via the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) limited to control of fluid balance and blood pressure homoeostasis has been progressively overcome by clinical and experimental evidence emphasizing the pleiotropic role of MR activation in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Clinical studies have shown the benefit of MR blockade in patients with left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure after myocardial infarction (MI), hypertension or diabetic nephropathy. Deleterious effects of MR activation include cardiac structural and electrical remodelling, cardiovascular fibrosis, inflammation and oxidative stress. Complexity of pathophysiological role of MR derives from the presence of circulating glucocorticoids at higher concentrations than aldosterone and the equal affinity of the MR for aldosterone, cortisol and corticosterone. Recent experimental studies using different animal models and genetic tools have deeply explored the cell‐specific functional role of MR in cardiovascular pathology. This review addresses emerging preclinical studies as well as ongoing clinical trials regarding MR activation in MI and failure.
Microvascular endoglin (CD105) expression correlates with tissue markers for atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability in an ageing population with multivessel coronary artery disease
Authors: Li Xiaofei , van der Meer Jelger J , van der Loos Chris M , Ploegmakers Hanneke J P , de Boer Onno J , de Winter Rob J , van der Wal Allard C 
Published: March 2012

Li X, van der Meer J J, van der Loos C M, Ploegmakers H J P, de Boer O J, de Winter R J & van der Wal A C  (2012) Histopathology 61, 88–97Microvascular endoglin (CD105) expression correlates with tissue markers for atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability in an ageing population with multivessel coronary artery diseaseAims:  Vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques are lesions with a high propensity to develop plaque disruption and superimposed thrombosis. No systematic studies have been carried out on tissue markers for plaque vulnerability throughout the entire coronary artery system at the end stages of coronary atherosclerosis.Methods and results:  Nine autopsied patients (mean age 77 years) with angiographically severe trivascular coronary atherosclerosis were selected for this study. All visible lesions in postmortem coronary angiograms (n = 125) were histologically and immunohistochemically screened for the presence of intraplaque haemorrhages (activated) microvessels and inflammatory infiltrates. Intraplaque haemorrhages were observed in 76/125 plaques (61%). Chronic inflammation was found superficially in 59/125 plaques (47%) and deeply inside the plaque tissue in 103/125 plaques (83%). Microvessels were found in 100/125 lesions (80%), of which 58% showed endothelial expression of the vascular activation marker CD105. Moreover, microvascular CD105 positivity correlated positively with plaque haemorrhage and deeply seated plaque inflammation.Conclusions:  Plaque inflammation and haemorrhages can be found at a high frequency throughout the coronary artery system of elderly patients with multivessel coronary atherosclerosis. Microvascular expression of endoglin (CD105), which correlates positively with both of these features of plaque vulnerability, can serve as a marker of the risk of developing coronary thrombotic complications.
High level of Ets‐related gene expression has high specificity for prostate cancer: a tissue microarray study of 11 483 cancers
Authors: Minner Sarah , Luebke Andreas M , Kluth Martina , Bokemeyer Carsten , Jänicke Fritz , Izbicki Jakob , Schlomm Thorsten , Sauter Guido , Wilczak Waldemar 
Published: March 2012

Minner S, Luebke A M, Kluth M, Bokemeyer C, Jänicke F, Izbicki J, Schlomm T, Sauter G & Wilczak W  (2012) Histopathology 61, 445–453High level of Ets‐related gene expression has high specificity for prostate cancer: a tissue microarray study of 11 483 cancersAims:  TMPRSS2–ERG fusion resulting in strong Ets‐related gene (ERG) overexpression occurs in about 50% of prostate cancers. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of ERG overexpression in other tumour types as well as in normal tissues.Methods and results:  A total of 11 483 tumours and 72 different normal tissue types were analysed in a tissue microarray format. Strong nuclear ERG overexpression was found in 36.7% of prostate carcinomas as well as in various vascular tumours, including Kaposi sarcomas (91.7%), angiosarcomas (100%) and haemangiomas (90.9%). Moderate to strong nuclear ERG immunostaining was also observed in thymoma (6.1%). Weak to moderate ERG staining was found in a small number of squamous cell carcinomas of the skin, squamous carcinomas of the lung, malignant mesotheliomas, carcinosarcomas of the uterus, gastrointestinal stromal tumours, hepatocellular carcinomas, teratomas of the testis, anaplastic carcinomas of the thyroid, giant cell tumours of the tendon sheath and benign fibrous histiocytomas of the skin. ERG overexpression was not seen in 8886 samples from 132 other tumour types and subtypes. Within normal tissues, immunohistochemically detectable ERG overexpression was restricted to endothelial cells and subsets of lymphocytes.Conclusions:  The high specificity of ERG expression in both normal and neoplastic tissues suggests a very narrow biological role for ERG in highly selected tissues.
Assessment of thymidylate synthase expression in biopsy specimens and corresponding resection specimens of non‐small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Herpel Esther , Schnabel Philipp A , Steins Martin , Dienemann Hendrik , Herth Felix J F , Thomas Michael , Schirmacher Peter , Warth Arne 
Published: March 2012

Herpel E, Schnabel P A, Steins M, Dienemann H, Herth F J F, Thomas M, Schirmacher P & Warth A  (2012) Histopathology 61, 465–472Assessment of thymidylate synthase expression in biopsy specimens and corresponding resection specimens of non‐small‐cell lung cancerAims:  Pemetrexed (Pem) is a potent inhibitor of thymidylate synthase (TS), and has shown efficacy in the treatment of non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). TS expression in NSCLC biopsy specimens may correlate with the tumour responses to TS‐inhibiting agents. As TS is not homogeneously expressed, our aim was to test whether TS expression in biopsy specimens may be representative for the whole tumour and can be used for therapeutic assessment.Methods and results:  We immunohistochemically analysed TS expression in biopsy and corresponding resection specimens of 100 consecutive NSCLCs. The samples were subgrouped according to TS expression levels, and the degree of agreement between the biopsy and the corresponding resection specimen was calculated. TS expression‐based grouping according to one cut‐off criterion (high or low expression) led to concordant results between biopsy and resection specimens. When more than one cut‐off criterion was used, the results were significantly different.Conclusions:  Thymidylate synthase expression levels in NSCLC biopsy specimens may correspond to TS expression of the whole tumour when robust scoring systems are applied. Further studies are needed to determine whether high or low TS expression in NSCLC biopsy specimens is of predictive value, and whether it may allow the selection of patients who will benefit from Pem treatment.
Stage II colonic adenocarcinoma: a detailed study of pT4N0 with emphasis on peritoneal involvement and the role of tumour budding
Authors: Canney Aoife L , Kevans David , Wang Lai Mun , Hyland John M P , Mulcahy Hugh E , O’Donoghue Diarmuid P , O’Sullivan Jacintha , Geraghty Robert , Sheahan Kieran 
Published: March 2012

Canney A L, Kevans D, Wang L M, Hyland J M P, Mulcahy H E, O’Donoghue D P, O’Sullivan J, Geraghty R & Sheahan K  (2012) Histopathology 61, 488–496Stage II colonic adenocarcinoma: a detailed study of pT4N0 with emphasis on peritoneal involvement and the role of tumour buddingAims:  Evaluation of peritoneal involvement in colonic cancer (CC) can be difficult. We studied pT4N0 cancers and their association with pathological prognostic markers, including tumour budding.Method and results:  Tumours were classified as (i) at the peritoneal surface or free in the peritoneal cavity (pT4a subgroup n = 44); (ii) directly invading adjacent organ (pT4b subgroup n = 8); or (iii) showing inflammatory involvement of the peritoneum (pT4I subgroup n = 25). A published pT3N0 cohort was used to compare Stage II subgroups. Standard pathological markers including tumour budding were assessed. Elastin staining was performed in the pT4I subgroup. Seventy‐seven Stage II CCs met inclusion criteria. There was no significant difference in survival across subgroups. pT4b tumours were larger than pT4a tumours (P < 0.001). Over‐represented features in pT4a versus pT4b tumours were tumour budding (P = 0.02) and infiltrative margin (P = 0.02). Tumour budding did not predict survival. Using multivariate analysis, neural invasion was the only parameter predictive of survival (hazard ratio = 2.8; 95% CI 1.2–6.4; P = 0.02).Conclusion:  Stage II pT4I CCs have a similar outcome to T4a/b tumours. Elastin staining is useful in defining this group. Tumour budding may facilitate peritoneal invasion in pT4a tumours, but does not predict outcome in pT4N0 disease. Only neural invasion independently predicted poor outcome.
Tumorous proliferations of plasmacytoid dendritic cells and Langerhans cells associated with acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Song Hsiang‐Lin , Huang Wen‐Ya , Chen Ya‐Ping , Chang Kung‐Chao 
Published: March 2012

Song H‐L, Huang W‐Y, Chen Y‐P & Chang K‐C  (2012) Histopathology 61, 974–983Tumorous proliferations of plasmacytoid dendritic cells and Langerhans cells associated with acute myeloid leukaemiaAims:  Proliferation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) occurs in both reactive lymphoid hyperplasia and myeloproliferative disorders, especially chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia. PDCs in the former appear reactive, but in the latter are reported to be clonally related to the underlying myeloid neoplasm. Langerhans cells (LCs), another type of dendritic cell, also proliferate in both reactive dermatoses and, rarely, myeloproliferative disorders, such as acute leukaemia.Methods and results:  We report a rare case of tumorous proliferation of PDCs and LCs in the systemic lymph nodes in a 55‐year‐old man with acute myeloid leukaemia. A microsatellite instability assay showed identical patterns of short tandem repeats in both microdissected PDC and LC components, along with blood blasts.Conclusions:  We hypothesize that the combined proliferations of PDCs and LCs derive from the same haematopoietic stem cells, but that they differentiate divergently under the effect of different microenvironments.
Investigation of the expression and functional significance of the novel mouse sperm protein, a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type 1 motifs number 10 (ADAMTS10)
Authors: Dun M. D. , Anderson A. L. , Bromfield E. G. , Asquith K. L. , Emmett B. , McLaughlin E. A. , Aitken R. J. , Nixon B. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractFertilization represents the culmination of a series of complex interactions between male and female gametes. Despite advances in our understanding, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying these fundamental interactions remain largely uncharacterized. There is however growing recognition that this process requires the concerted action of multiple sperm receptors that possess affinity for complementary zona pellucida ligands and those that reside on the surface of the oolemma. Among the candidate sperm proteins that have been implicated in fertilization, those belonging to the ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease) family of proteases have received considerable attention. The focus of the studies described herein has been the characterization of a closely related member of this protease family, ADAMTS10 (a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type 1 motifs number 10). We have demonstrated that ADAMTS10 is expressed during the later stages of mouse spermatogenesis and incorporated into the acrosomal domain of developing spermatids. During sperm maturation, the protein appears to be processed before being expressed on the surface of the peri‐acrosomal region of the head. Our collective data suggest that, from this position, ADAMTS10 participates in sperm adhesion to the zona pellucida. Indeed, pre‐incubation of capacitated spermatozoa with either galardin, a broad spectrum inhibitor of metalloprotease activity, or anti‐ADAMTS10 antisera elicited a significant reduction in their ability to engage in zona adhesion. Overall, these studies support the notion that sperm–oocyte interactions involve considerable functional redundancy and identify ADAMTS10 as a novel candidate in the mediation of these fundamentally important events.
Simultaneous renal hypertension and type 2 diabetes exacerbate vascular endothelial dysfunction in rats
Authors: Khalili Azadeh , Nekooeian Ali Akbar , Khosravi Mohammad Bagher , Fakher Shima 
Published: March 2012

SummaryDespite the high rate of occurrence of both diabetes and hypertension in humans, the cardiovascular effects of the two conditions have not been investigated when they occur simultaneously. Thus this study examined the vascular effects of simultaneous type 2 diabetes and renal hypertension on endothelial function. Serum malondialdehyde and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were measured, glucose tolerance test (GTT) was performed, and concentration‐response to phenylephrine (PE) in the absence and presence of nitro‐l‐arginine methyl ester (l‐NAME), acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside were conducted on aortic rings from diabetic control, type 2 diabetes, sham‐operated, renal hypertensive, and simultaneous type 2 diabetes plus hypertension rats respectively. Hypertension, diabetes, and simultaneous diabetes and hypertension were associated with either increased or decreased maximal responses (Emax) of PE dependent on in the presence or absence of l‐NAME. There was also increased serum malondialdehyde and decreased Emax of acetylcholine. Thus simultaneous hypertension and diabetes caused a greater decrease in Emax of acetylcholine compared to that seen with either diabetes or hypertension alone higher than that seen in hypertension. The blood glucose during GTT was lower than that seen in diabetes groups. Thus simultaneous type 2 diabetes and the SBP was renal hypertension is associated with improved glucose tolerance, but with further deterioration of endothelial dysfunction compared with either condition alone.
Qualitative survey of fungi isolated from wine‐aging environment
Authors: Ciccarone Claudio , Petruzzi Leonardo , Bevilacqua Antonio , Sinigaglia Milena 
Published: March 2012

SummaryThe main topic of this paper is the study of the qualitative composition of fungal population in some cellar environments: superficial and inner layer of oak barrels, wall surfaces and aging wine. In addition, the influence of age of barrels and winery climatic conditions on fungal populations was evaluated. Two selected types of cellars were studied (a ground level and climate‐controlled cellar‐industrial winery and an unconditioned underground cellar‐family owned winery); 142 different strains were isolated and then identified through a morphology‐based method. Wood inner layer was characterised by the presence of few oak‐specialised endophytes (Trichoderma viride,Acremonium strictumandCladosporium cladosporioides), whereas some strains ofAspergillusspp. andPenicilliumspp. (principallyAspergillus nidulans,Aspergillus oryzae,Penicillium glabrumandPenicillium aurantiogriseum) connected with humidity and pollution were isolated.Aspergillusspp. andPenicilliumspp. were isolated also in wall and barrel surfaces and in aging wine.
Reusing salad from salad bars – simulating the effects on product loss, microbial safety and product quality
Authors: Tromp Seth‐Oscar , Rijgersberg Hajo , Franz Eelco 
Published: March 2012

SummaryThe goal of this study is to model the effects of reusing salad from salad bars to reduce product loss, while keeping microbial safety and product quality at acceptable levels. We, therefore, expand our previously developed simulation model by incorporating reuse strategies and a quality decay model. The expanded model is used to simulate different salad reuse scenarios and to quantify the consequences to product loss, microbial safety and product quality. With this study, we show an application of a generic approach for the integrated modelling of product loss, microbial safety and product quality. The most cautious scenario consists of reusing salad for only 1 day after the first use and only if the salad originates from a package with a valid best‐before date at the time of reuse (‘minimum reuse of salad with the best‐before date criterion’). This scenario decreases product loss at the salad bar considerably from 37% to 29% (−21%). This considerable benefit occurs almost without causing product loss at the cold storage (increase from 0% to 1%), with only a minimal increase in the number of foetal mortality cases because of Listeria monocytogenes (increase from 11.9 to 12.2 cases per year (+3%)) and hardly any decline in product quality.
Inactivation of Lactobacillus fructivorans in physiological saline and unpasteurised sake using CO2 microbubbles at ambient temperature and low pressure
Authors: Kobayashi Fumiyuki , Sugawara Daisuke , Takatomi Tetsuya , Ikeura Hiromi , Odake Sachiko , Tanimoto Shota , Hayata Yasuyoshi 
Published: March 2012

SummaryThe ability of carbon dioxide microbubbles (MB‐CO2) to inactivate Lactobacillus fructivorans suspended in physiological saline and unpasteurised sake at ambient temperature and a pressure lower than 2.0 MPa was investigated. The number of L. fructivorans cells in physiological saline solution containing 15% ethanol showed a 6‐log reduction following MB‐CO2 treatment at 40 °C and 2.0 MPa for 50 min. The effectiveness of the treatment increased concomitantly with temperature, pressure and ethanol concentration of the sample solution but was unaffected by the glucose concentration in the sample solution. Furthermore, the number of L. fructivorans cells showed a 5‐log reduction in sake after MB‐CO2 treatment at 40°C and 2.0 MPa for 60 min. Sensory evaluation revealed no significant difference between MB‐CO2‐treated sake and unpasteurised sake. These results indicated that MB‐CO2 treatment was highly effective for the inactivation of L. fructivorans and might become a practical method for pasteurising sake at ambient temperature.
Effects of process variables and addition of polydextrose and whey protein isolate on the properties of barley extrudates
Authors: Kirjoranta Satu , Solala Kari , Suuronen Jussi‐Petteri , Penttilä Paavo , Peura Marko , Serimaa Ritva , Tenkanen Maija , Jouppila Kirsi 
Published: March 2012

SummaryExtrusion cooking is commonly used in the production of snacks. In the present study, extrudates were prepared using barley flour alone and with the addition of either polydextrose (PD) or whey protein isolate (WPI) and both PD and WPI. Independent process variables were water content of the mass (17%, 20% and 23%), screw speed (200, 350 and 500 rpm) and temperature of section 6 and die (110, 130 and 150 °C). Expansion, hardness, water content, porosity and chemical composition of the extrudates were analysed. Highly porous and expanded snack products with high dietary fibre and protein contents were obtained from barley flour and WPI when water content of mass was 17%, screw speed 500 rpm and temperature of section 6 and die 130 °C. Barley flour alone or with PD resulted in hard and non‐expanded extrudates. Expansion of extrudates was statistically significantly increased with decreasing water content of the mass and increasing screw speed in all trials.