bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crossmodal Speech Priming of Visual Objects: A New Approach for Urgent Information Transfer from Car to Driver
Authors: Mahr Angela 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Contents being conveyed to the driver by in-car information and warning systems are becoming more and more diverse and complex. Hence, new solutions beyond sounds and graphical interfaces are apparently needed for rapid disambiguation of presentations. This paper provides a short overview about speech warnings for drivers and describes new insights about the topical issue of crossmodal speech priming in cognitive psychology. Furthermore, an outline of our previous research on this topic is given. Transfer of recent results to the applied field is promising, since keyword warnings could for example assist the driver with the timely detection of (possibly) critical visual objects in the environment without any visual distraction. Time-compressed speech keywords or even their simultaneous combination with diverse sound sources (“semanticons”) appear to be promising approaches.
An Experiential Perspective on Advanced Driver Assistance Systems
Authors: Eckoldt Kai , Knobel Martin , Hassenzahl Marc , Schumann Josef 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
The objective of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) is to support drivers in mastering the driving task. Until now, the development of ADAS has mainly focused on technology, safety and comfort. This paper aims to complement this by a more experiential view. A study explored how Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC), as an example of ADAS, impacts people´s driving experience. It showed that ACC creates a gap between the driver and her car. This gap can be interpreted in two different ways. It is negative, when the “joy of driving” is in the fore, because it removes the feeling of mastery, control, being in charge and being one with the car. It is potentially positive, when the “joy while driving” is in the fore, because it creates the freedom to engage in pleasurable activities beyond driving. Unfortunately, the current concept of “supervisory control” for ADAS does not allow for the disengagement with driving. Based on our findings, we discuss crucial aspects to consider when designing ADAS from an experiential perspective.
Reducing Non-Primary Task Distraction in Cars Through Multi-Modal Interaction
Authors: Pfleging Bastian , Kern Dagmar , Döring Tanja , Schmidt Albrecht 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
To offer access to a multitude of driving and more often non-driving related functions in the car including infotainment, entertainment, comfort, and assistance systems, automotive user interfaces have become more complex in the last decade. This trend will probably continue in the future. Interaction with these systems inevitably leads to driver distraction and consequently to an increased risk for the drivers as well as for their environment. Hence, for some functions interacting while driving is prohibited (like entering an address into the navigation system) whereas other functions are allowed or even need to be operated while driving (like setting the speed limit for cruise control). In our research we investigate how interaction styles in automotive user interfaces can be designed in order to limit driver distraction to a minimum. There are two major areas we discuss in this paper: (1) the support for switching attention between interactive systems in the car and the road, and (2) interface technologies in the car that minimize the need for (visual) attention. We describe technological solutions for both areas, explain their implementations and discuss the impact on driving performance, based on results obtained by several simulator studies. The main findings are that multimodality, especially including implicit and explicit interaction, can speed up attention switching and that gestural interaction provides a way to reduce visual demand.
Interaction Principles for Cooperative Human-Machine Systems
Authors: Bengler Klaus , Zimmermann Markus , Bortot Dino , Kienle Martin , Damböck Daniel 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Human-machine systems with shared authority can be observed in different domains of assistance systems. This article creates a taxonomy of the most important aspects of human-machine cooperation in five layers: intention, modes of cooperation, allocation, interfaces and contact. This is investigated with help of driver assistance and Human-Robot Interaction. Furthermore, a perspective for possibilities of cross-domain generalization is given.
Maternal HIV Infection and Vertical Transmission of Pathogenic Bacteria
Authors: Cutland Clare L. , Schrag Stephanie J. , Zell Elizabeth R. , Kuwanda Locadiah , Buchmann Eckhardt , Velaphi Sithembiso C. , Groome Michelle J. , Adrian Peter V. , Madhi Shabir A. ,   the PoPS trial team
Published: August 2012

BACKGROUND:
HIV-exposed newborns may be at higher risk of sepsis because of immune system aberrations, impaired maternal antibody transfer and altered exposure to pathogenic bacteria.

METHODS:
We performed a secondary analysis of a study (clinicaltrials.gov, number NCT00136370) conducted between April 2004 and October 2007 in South Africa. We used propensity score matching to evaluate the association between maternal HIV infection and (1) vaginal colonization with bacterial pathogens; (2) vertical transmission of pathogens to the newborn; and (3) sepsis within 3 days of birth (EOS) or between 4–28 days of life (LOS).

RESULTS:
Colonization with group B Streptococcus (17% vs 23%, P = .0002), Escherichia coli (47% vs 45%, P = .374), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (7% vs 10%, P = .008) differed modestly between HIV-infected and uninfected women, as did vertical transmission rates. Maternal HIV infection was not associated with increased risk of neonatal EOS or LOS, although culture-confirmed EOS was &gt;3 times higher among HIV-exposed infants (P = .05). When compared with HIV-unexposed, neonates, HIV-exposed, uninfected neonates (HEU) had a lower risk of EOS (20.6 vs 33.7 per 1000 births; P = .046) and similar rate of LOS (5.8 vs 4.1; P = .563). HIV-infected newborns had a higher risk than HEU of EOS (134 vs 21.5; P &lt; .0001) and LOS (26.8 vs 5.6; P = .042).

CONCLUSIONS:
Maternal HIV infection was not associated with increased risk of maternal bacterial colonization, vertical transmission, EOS, or LOS. HIV-infected neonates, however, were at increased risk of EOS and LOS.
Improving Newborn Screening Follow-up in Pediatric Practices: Quality Improvement Innovation Network
Authors: Hinton Cynthia F. , Neuspiel Daniel R. , Gubernick Ruth S. , Geleske Timothy , Healy Jill , Kemper Alex R. , Lloyd-Puryear Michele A. , Saul Robert A. , Thompson Barry H. , Kaye Celia I. 
Published: August 2012

OBJECTIVE:
To implement a 6-month quality improvement project in 15 primary care pediatric practices to improve short-term newborn screening (NBS) follow-up.

METHODS:
At the start of the project, each practice completed a survey to evaluate office systems related to NBS and completed a chart audit. Practice teams were provided information about NBS and trained in quality-improvement methods, and then implemented changes to improve care. Monthly chart audits over a 6-month period were completed to assess change.

RESULTS:
At baseline, almost half of practices completed assessment of infants for NBS; after 6 months, 80% of practices completed assessment of all infants. Only 2 practices documented all in-range results and shared them with parents at baseline; by completion, 10 of 15 practices documented and shared in-range results for ≥70% of infants. Use of the American College of Medical Genetics ACTion sheets, a decision support tool, increased from 1 of 15 practices at baseline to 7 of 15 at completion.

CONCLUSIONS:
Practices were successful in improving NBS processes, including assessment, documentation, and communication with families. Providers perceived no increase in provider time at first visit, 2- to 4-week visit, or during first contact with the family of an infant with an out-of-range result after implementation of improved processes. Primary care practices increased their use of decision support tools after the project.
The Association of Vitamin D Status With Pediatric Critical Illness
Authors: McNally J. Dayre , Menon Kusum , Chakraborty Pranesh , Fisher Lawrence , Williams Kathryn A. , Al-Dirbashi Osama Y. , Doherty Dermot R. 
Published: August 2012

OBJECTIVES:
Vitamin D is a pleiotropic hormone important for the proper functioning of multiple organ systems. It has been hypothesized that vitamin D deficiency could contribute to or worsen outcomes in critical illness. The study objective was to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, risk factors for its presence, and potential association with clinically relevant outcomes in critically ill children.

METHODS:
A prospective cohort study, conducted from 2005 to 2008 in 6 tertiary-care PICUs in Canada. Data and biological samples from 326 critically ill children up to 17 years of age were available for analysis. Total serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D or 25(OH)D was measured by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

RESULTS:
The prevalence of 25(OH)D &lt;50 nmol/L was 69% (95% confidence interval, 64–74), and 23% (95% confidence interval, 19–28) for 25(OH)D between 50 to 75 nmol/L. Lower levels were associated with hypocalcemia, catecholamine utilization, and significant fluid bolus administration. Vitamin D deficiency was independently associated with a longer PICU length of stay (+1.92 days, P = .03) and increasing severity of illness as determined by the Pediatric Risk of Mortality score with every additional point increasing the likelihood of being vitamin D deficient by 8% (P = .005).

CONCLUSIONS:
This study provides evidence that vitamin D deficiency is both common among critically ill children and associated with greater severity of critical illness. Further research will determine whether targeted vitamin D supplementation or rapid restoration will improve outcome.
Effect of Honey on Nocturnal Cough and Sleep Quality: A Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study
Authors: Cohen Herman Avner , Rozen Josef , Kristal Haim , Laks Yoseph , Berkovitch Mati , Uziel Yosef , Kozer Eran , Pomeranz Avishalom , Efrat Haim 
Published: August 2012

OBJECTIVES:
To compare the effects of a single nocturnal dose of 3 honey products (eucalyptus honey, citrus honey, or labiatae honey) to placebo (silan date extract) on nocturnal cough and difficulty sleeping associated with childhood upper respiratory tract infections (URIs).

METHODS:
A survey was administered to parents on 2 consecutive days, first on the day of presentation, when no medication had been given the previous evening, and the following day, when the study preparation was given before bedtime, based on a double-blind randomization plan. Participants included 300 children aged 1 to 5 years with URIs, nocturnal cough, and illness duration of ≤7 days from 6 general pediatric community clinics. Eligible children received a single dose of 10 g of eucalyptus honey, citrus honey, labiatae honey, or placebo administered 30 minutes before bedtime. Main outcome measures were cough frequency, cough severity, bothersome nature of cough, and child and parent sleep quality.

RESULTS:
In all 3 honey products and the placebo group, there was a significant improvement from the night before treatment to the night of treatment. However, the improvement was greater in the honey groups for all the main outcome measures.

CONCLUSIONS:
Parents rated the honey products higher than the silan date extract for symptomatic relief of their children’s nocturnal cough and sleep difficulty due to URI. Honey may be a preferable treatment for cough and sleep difficulty associated with childhood URI.
The Impact of a Healthy Media Use Intervention on Sleep in Preschool Children
Authors: Garrison Michelle M. , Christakis Dimitri A. 
Published: August 2012

BACKGROUND:
Although observational studies have consistently reported an association between media use and child sleep problems, it is unclear whether the relationship is causal or if an intervention targeting healthy media use can improve sleep in preschool-aged children.

METHODS:
We conducted a randomized controlled trial of a healthy media use intervention in families of children aged 3 to 5 years. The intervention encouraged families to replace violent or age-inappropriate media content with quality educational and prosocial content, through an initial home visit and follow-up telephone calls over 6 months. Sleep measures were derived from the Child Sleep Habits Questionnaire and were collected at 6, 12, and 18 months after baseline; repeated-measures regression analyses were used.

RESULTS:
Among the 565 children analyzed, the most common sleep problem was delayed sleep-onset latency (38%). Children in the intervention group had significantly lower odds of “any sleep problem” at follow-up in the repeated-measures analysis (odds ratio = 0.36; 95% confidence interval: 0.16 to 0.83), with a trend toward a decrease in intervention effect over time (P = .07). Although there was no significant effect modification detected by baseline sleep or behavior problems, gender, or low-income status, there was a trend (P = .096) toward an increased effect among those with high levels of violence exposure at baseline.

CONCLUSIONS:
The significant effects of a healthy media use intervention on child sleep problems in the context of a randomized controlled trial suggest that the previously reported relationship between media use and child sleep problems is indeed causal in nature.
Culturally Tailored, Family-Centered, Behavioral Obesity Intervention for Latino-American Preschool-aged Children
Authors: Barkin Shari L. , Gesell Sabina B. , Po’e Eli K. , Escarfuller Juan , Tempesti Tommaso 
Published: August 2012

OBJECTIVE:
To test the effect of a culturally tailored, family-centered, short-term behavioral intervention on BMI in Latino-American preschool-aged children.

METHODS:
In a randomized controlled trial, 54 parent–child dyads were allocated to the intervention and 52 dyads were allocated to an alternative school-readiness program as the control condition. Parent–child dyads were eligible if the parent self-defined Latino, was at least 18 years old, had a 2- to 6-year-old child not currently enrolled in another healthy lifestyle program, had a valid telephone number, and planned on remaining in the city for the next 6 months. The Salud Con La Familia (Health with the Family) program consisted of 12 weekly 90-minute skills-building sessions designed to improve family nutritional habits and increase physical activity. Both programs were conducted in a community recreation center serving an urban neighborhood of mostly Spanish-speaking residents.

RESULTS:
Forty-two percent of participating preschool-aged children were overweight or obese. Controlling for child age, gender, and baseline BMI, the effect of the treatment condition on postintervention absolute BMI was B = –0.59 (P &lt; .001). The intervention effect seemed to be strongest for obese children.

CONCLUSIONS:
A skills-building, culturally tailored intervention involving parent–child dyads changed short-term early growth patterns in these Latino-American preschool-aged children. Examining long-term effects would be a prudent next step.
Haemophilus influenzae Type b Disease and Vaccine Booster Dose Deferral, United States, 1998–2009
Authors: Briere Elizabeth C. , Jackson Michael , Shah Shetul G. , Cohn Amanda C. , Anderson Raydel D. , MacNeil Jessica R. , Coronado Fatima M. , Mayer Leonard W. , Clark Thomas A. , Messonnier Nancy E. 
Published: August 2012

BACKGROUND:
Since the introduction of effective vaccines, the incidence of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease among children &lt;5 years of age has decreased by 99% in the United States. In response to a limited vaccine supply that began in 2007, Hib booster doses were deferred for 18 months.

METHODS:
We reviewed national passive and active surveillance (demographic and serotype) and vaccination status data for invasive H. influenzae disease in children aged &lt;5 years before (1998–2007) and during (2008–2009) the vaccine shortage years to assess the impact of the vaccine deferral on Hib disease. We estimated the average annual number of Hib cases misclassified as unknown (not completed or missing) serotype.

RESULTS:
From 1998 to 2007 and 2008 to 2009, the annual average incidence of Hib disease per 100 000 population was 0.2 and 0.18, respectively; no significant difference in incidence was found by age group, gender, or race. Among Hib cases in both time periods, most were unvaccinated or too young to have received Hib vaccine. During 2001 to 2009, there were &lt;53 Hib cases per year, with an estimated 6 to 12 Hib cases misclassified as unknown serotype.

CONCLUSIONS:
The booster deferral did not have a significant impact on the burden of invasive Hib disease in children &lt;5 years of age. Continued surveillance and serotype data are important to monitor changes in Hib incidence, especially during vaccine deferrals. Hib booster deferral is a reasonable short-term approach to a Hib vaccine shortage.
Thrombocytopenia in the First 24 Hours After Birth and Incidence of Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Authors: Sallmon Hannes , Weber Sven C. , Hüning Britta , Stein Anja , Horn Peter A. , Metze Boris C. , Dame Christof , Bührer Christoph , Felderhoff-Müser Ursula , Hansmann Georg , Koehne Petra 
Published: August 2012

BACKGROUND:Experimental studies suggest that platelet-triggered ductal sealing is critically involved in definite ductus arteriosus closure. Whether thrombocytopenia contributes to persistently patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in humans is controversial. This was a retrospective study of 1350 very low birth weight (VLBW; &lt;1500 g) infants, including 592 extremely low birth weight (ELBW; &lt;1000 g) infants.METHODS:All infants who had a platelet count in the first 24 hours after birth and an echocardiogram performed on day of life 4 to 5 were included. The incidence of thrombocytopenia was analyzed in infants with and without PDA, and in those who did or did not undergo PDA intervention. The impact of thrombocytopenia, gestational age, birth weight, gender, and sepsis on PDA was determined by receiver operating characteristic curve, odds ratio, and regression analyses.RESULTS:Platelet numbers within the first 24 hours after birth did not differ between VLBW/ELBW infants with and without spontaneous ductal closure. Platelet numbers were not associated with subsequent PDA treatment. Low platelet counts were not related to failure of pharma-cologic PDA treatment and the need for subsequent surgical ligation. Lower gestational age or birth weight, male gender, and sepsis were linked to the presence of PDA in VLBW infants on day of life 4 to 5.CONCLUSIONS:Thrombocytopenia in the first 24 hours after birth was not associated with PDA in this largest VLBW/ELBW infant cohort studied to date. Impaired platelet function, due to immaturity and critical illness, rather than platelet number, might play a role in ductus arteriosus patency.
KS0, Λ and ≡ production at intermediate to high pT from Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt {s_{NN} } $ = 39, 11.5 and 7.7 GeV
Authors: Zhu Xianglei 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
We report on the p
T dependence of nuclear modification factors (R
CP) for KS0, Λ, ≡ and the $\bar NK_S^0 $ ratios at mid-rapidity from Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt {s_{NN} } $ = 39, 11.5 and 7.7 GeV. At $\sqrt {s_{NN} } $ = 39 GeV, the R
CP data show a baryon/meson separation at intermediate p
T and a suppression for KS0 for p
T up to 4.5 GeV/c; the $\bar \Lambda K_S^0 $ shows baryon enhancement in the most central collisions. However, at $\sqrt {s_{NN} } $ = 11.5 and 7.7 GeV, R
CP shows less baryon/meson separation and $\bar NK_S^0 $ shows almost no baryon enhancement. These observations indicate that the matter created in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt {s_{NN} } $ = 11.5 or 7.7 GeV might be distinct from that created at $\sqrt {s_{NN} } $ = 39 GeV.
Hydrophobization of epoxy nanocomposite surface with 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltrichlorosilane for superhydrophobic properties
Authors: Psarski Maciej , Marczak Jacek , Celichowski Grzegorz , Sobieraj Grzegorz , Gumowski Konrad , Zhou Feng , Liu Weimin 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Nature inspires the design of synthetic materials with superhydrophobic properties, which can be used for applications ranging from self-cleaning surfaces to microfluidic devices. Their water repellent properties are due to hierarchical (micrometer- and nanometre-scale) surface morphological structures, either made of hydrophobic substances or hydrophobized by appropriate surface treatment. In this work, the efficiency of two surface treatment procedures, with a hydrophobic fluoropolymer, synthesized and deposited from 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltrichlorosilane (PFOTS) is investigated. The procedures involved reactions from the gas and liquid phases of the PFOTS/hexane solutions. The hierarchical structure is created in an epoxy nanocomposite surface, by filling the resin with alumina nanoparticles and micron-sized glass beads and subsequent sandblasting with corundum microparticles. The chemical structure of the deposited fluoropolymer was examined using XPS spectroscopy. The topography of the modified surfaces was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The hydrophobic properties of the modified surfaces were investigated by water contact and sliding angles measurements. The surfaces exhibited water contact angles of above 150° for both modification procedures, however only the gas phase modification provided the non-sticking behaviour of water droplets (sliding angle of 3°). The discrepancy is attributed to extra surface roughness provided by the latter procedure.
Effect of molybdenum addition on fracture toughness and hardness of Fe2B in Fe–B–C cast alloy
Authors: Huang Zhifu , Xing Jiandong , Tao Xiang 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
The effect of molybdenum addition on the fracture toughness and micro-hardness of Fe2B in Fe-B-C alloy was investigated. The results indicate that, with the increase in molybdenum addition, the micro-hardness of Fe2B increases and its fracture toughness first increases and then decreases. Compared with the fracture toughness (3.8 MPa · m1/2) of Fe2B without molybdenum addition, its toughness at 2.14 wt.% molybdenum addition can be nearly doubled, achieving 7.4 MPa · m1/2. The wear result indicates that increasing the toughness of Fe2B may distinctly improve the wear resistance of Fe-B-C alloy and the wear resistance is improved by around 35% in this experimental condition.