bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visual trapping of theStrobilomyiaspp. (Dipt., Anthomyiidae) flies damaging Siberian larch cones in north‐eastern China
Authors: Roques A. , Sun Jiang‐Hua , Zhang Xu‐Dong , Turgeon J. J. , Xu Shan‐Bin 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe influence of trap position and colour on the response of the flies infesting Siberian larch cones was investigated in 1993 at two sites located in the Da Khinggan Mountains, in north‐eastern China. A total of 339 flies were caught. SixStrobilomyiaspecies were identified, and 68.4% of them were females.S. svenssoniMich, and an undescribedStrobilomyiaspecies were recorded for the first time in China as larch cone pests. Species‐ and sex‐specific responses of flies to trap colour and trap position were observed. For most species, the number of flies alighting on blue traps hung within tree canopy was higher than that caught on yellow and yellow with purple striped traps placed in front of trees. Most flies trapped with blue were sexually‐immature females. The temporal succession of the six species and their oviposition patterns were related to the phenology of cone development. Five different types of eggs were also described.
Effects of constant and alternating temperatures on Trichogramma galloi Zucchi (Hym., Trichogrammatidae) biology II.—parasitism capacity and longevity
Authors: Cônsoli F. L. , Parra J. R. P. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis study was carried out to examine the effects of constant (18, 20, 22, 25, 30 and 32°C) and alternating temperatures (simulating the diurnal and nocturnal mean temperatures of the 4 seasons of the year) on the parasitism capacity and longevity of Trichogramma galloi, the most common sugarcane borer egg parasitoid species in the State of Sāo Paulo, Brazil. The lowest parasitism was observed at 18 and 32°C constant temperatures. The higher parasitism capacity was obtained at the summer thermal condition. The parasitism capacity at the summer and winter simulation was higher when compared to the constant corresponding temperatures. Longevity was higher at lower temperatures. Trichogramma galloi life span was not affected by alternating temperatures.RésuméEffects des témperatures constantes et alternées sur la biologie de Trichogramma galloi Zucchi (Hym., Trichogrammatidae) II.—Capacité de parasitation et longevity: Ce travail a été realisé pour étudier les effects des temperatures constantes (18, 20, 22, 25, 30 et 32°C) et alternées (en simulant les temperatures moyennes diurnes et nocturnes des quatres saisons de l'année) sur la capacité de parasitation et longevité de Trichogramma galloi, l'espèce le plus commune de parasitoïde oophage de l'état de Sāo Paulo, Brésil. La plus baisse parasitation a été observé dans les temperatures constantes de 18 et 32°C. La parasitation plus elevé a été observé sous les conditions d'été. La plus grande capacité de parasitation a été observé dans les conditions simulés d'été et d'hiver, en comparaison à des temperatures eonstantes. La Longevité a été la plus grande dans les temperatures plus baisses. La longevité de T. galloi n'a pas été affecté par les temperatures alternées.
Predation on pupae of Helicoverpa armigera Hbn. (Lep., Noctuidae) and its relation to stem borer numbers in summer grain crops
Authors: Watmough R. H. , Kfir R. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractTotal predation on pupae of Helicoverpa armigera was correlated with the numbers of larvae and pupae of the lepidopteran stem borers Busseola fusca (Full.) and Chilo partellus (Swin.) in maize and grain sorghum crops. The rate of predation on planted H. armigera pupae was the same as that on pupae that had pupated naturally. In summer, levels of predation were positively correlated with rainfall and negatively correlated with maximum and mean temperature, but this was reversed in winter. During the first period of the season (December–March) the ant, Dorylus helvolus (L.), was the most important predator in three plots and the mouse, Mastomys natalensis (Smith), was dominant in three plots. During the rest of the year (April‐November) D. helvolus was dominant in two plots and mice in three. Predation by D. helvolus on H. armigera pupae was a numerical response with a higher percentage of pupae being taken when stem borer numbers in the crops were higher. None of the other predators responded in their predation on H. armigera pupae to stem borer numbers. The correlation of predation by D. helvolus on H. armigera pupae with stem borer numbers suggests that the latter were an important prey. Other predators in descending order of importance were Cardiophorinae larvae, the Doryline ant Aenictus sp., larvae of Astylus atromaculatus Bl. (Coleoptera, Melyridae), tenebrionid larvae, larvae and adults of Heteronychus arator F., carabid larvae and adults, staphylinids and Dermaptera.
Selectivity of synthetic aggregation pheromones Linoprax® and Pheroprax® in the control of the bark beetles (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) in a timber storage yard
Authors: Babuder G. , Pohleven F. , Brelih S. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract: The selectivity of the synthetic aggregation pheromones Linoprax® and Pheroprax® in black flight barrier traps of the Theysohn type was determined by the response of the lineate bark beetle Trypodendron lineatum (Ol.), the eight‐toothed spruce bark beetle Ips typographus (L.), and other insects at the timber storage yard of a woodprocessing industry in Ljubljana, Slovenia. The information obtained can be used in establishing a pheromone‐based mass‐trapping program for bark beetles in the timber storage yard.A total of 24 349 insects were captured in Linoprax baited traps, 78.5% of them belonged to T. lineatum, 19.9% to I. typographus while 1.6% of them were other insects.A total of 22815 insects were caught on traps baited with Pheroprax, 92.8% of them were I. typographus, 5.8% of them belonged to T. lineatum and 1.4% were represented by other insects.On the control unbaited traps, 3429 beetles were caught, 52.5% of them belonged to I. typographus, 38.4% were T. lineatum and 10.1% were other insects.Spatial and temporal distribution patterns for T. lineatum and I. typographus were identified. The air temperature and the locations of the Theysohn traps affected the catch. The ecological meaning of selectivity of synthetic pheromones is discussed.
Comparative toxicities of some insecticides to Cacopsylla pyri L. (Hom., Psyllidae) and one of its important biological control agents, Anthocoris nemoralis F. (Het., Anthocoridae)
Authors: Berrada S. , Nguyen T. X. , Fournier D. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract: This study determined toxicities of three insecticides/acaricides representing three classes (formamidines, avermectins, and norpyrethrates) to a prey‐predator complex consisting of anthocorid bug (Anthocoris nemoralis F.) and its phytophagous prey, pear psylla (Cacopsylla pyri L.). The anthocorid bug LD50s were generally lower than those of the pear psylla indicating greater susceptibility in the predator than the prey.Determination of residual activities of the test insecticides indicates different selectivities to the beneficial insect. From this study, abamectin alone may be sprayed to control the pear psylla when the anthocorid bug populations are active.Reasons for the susceptibility variations to insecticides in phytophagous‐entomophagous systems are suggested and discussed.
Experimental studies upon the parasitoid complex of the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) (Lep., Lymantriidae) in lower host populations in eastern Austria*
Authors: Eichhorn O. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract: The parasitoid complex of low gypsy moth populations, using the host exposure technique, was studied in eastern Austria in the late 70s. The following 10 larval parasitoid species were recovered: Braconidae: Apanteles melanoscelus (Ratzeburg), Apanteles liparidis (Bouché), Meteorus pulchricornis (Wesmael); Ichneumonidae: Casinaria sp., Hyposoter tricoloripes (Viereck), Phobocampe disparis (Viereck); Tachinidae: Parasetigena silvestris (Robineau‐Desvoidy), Blepharipa pratensis (Meigen), Compsilura concinnata (Meigen), Exorista fasciata (Fallen).Parasitism obtained from the rearing of 1961 host larvae amounted to 58.1% and based on both the larval rearings and the collection of parasitoid cocoons to about 87%. Parasitism encountered by dissecting gypsy moth larvae showed generally high values (37–89%) 3–4 weeks after release. The dominating parasitoid species were the braconid A. melanoscelus and the tachinids B. pratensis, P. silvestris and later in the season C. concinnata. The braconid suffered an average mortality of almost 50% by 16 hyperparasitoid species. Notes on the dominating parasitoid species are given.
Different parasitism patterns of two hymenopterous parasitoids (Ichineumonidae and Ibaliidae) depending on the development of Sirex nitobei (Hym., Siricidae)
Authors: Fukuda H. , Hijii N. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract: For the two parasitoid wasps, Ibalia leucospoides and Megarhyssa praecellens emerging together with their host woodwasp, Sirex nitobei, from trees of Pinus densiflora, the seasonal trends in number of emerging adults, their body size characteristics and fecundities were recorded to evaluate the life histories and parasitism patterns.The mean female body mass of M. praecellens was about 1.8 times (fall population) or about 4.1 times (spring population) larger than that of I. leucospoides. The difference in body size was remarkable also between sexes in both species. The spring population of M. praecellens was about 3.7 times (male) or 2.3 times (female) larger in mean body weight than the fall population. The mean egg length of M. praecellens was about 10 times larger than that of I. leucocpoides, whereas I. leucospoides produced about 50 times greater numbers of eggs than M. praecellens. The percentage of parasitism on S. nitobei by both parasitoids was considerably large, accounting for more than 60%. Our results suggested that two parasitoid species could utilize larvae of S. nitobei in wood as their hosts at different development stages of woodwasp in different manners: egg and/or 1st instar larvae parasitized by I. leucospoides and maturated larvae by M. praecellens.
Seasonal changes in the infection of pupae of the beech caterpillar, Quadricalcarifera punctatella (Motsch.) (Lep., Notodontidae), by Cordyceps militaris Link (Clavicipitales, Clavicipitaceae) in the soil of the Japanese beech forest
Authors: Kamata N. , Sato H. , Shimazu M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe entomopathogenic fungus, Cordyceps militaris, is considered to be an important factor in suppressing population explosions of the beech caterpillar, Quadricalcarifera punctatella. The number of fruit bodies produced by the fungus was counted in a natural beech forest and parasitism was evaluated by burying lab‐reared pupae of the insect in the soil. Seasonal changes in infection rate in the ground and the corresponding number of fruit bodies were compared. The emergence curve of fruit body production exhibited an L‐shape with a peak in late July. The fruit body of C. militaris lasts for about two weeks and appears from late July to early September. The rate of infection was found to change seasonally: it was highest in early August when the number of fruit bodies was at a peak, then decreased gradually until the following summer. From an epizootiological viewpoint, the results suggested that the fruit body plays a role in enhancing the infection rate of the fungus.
Développement automnal et hivernal de Trichogramma cacoeciae et de T. evanescens (Hym., Trichogrammatidae), en conditions naturelles dans le midi de la France
Authors: Rossi M. M. , Pizzol J. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract: Development of Trichogramma cacoeciae and T. evanescens during autumn and winter under natural conditions in southern France. The development of two Trichogramma species, T. cacoeciae and T. evanescens (Hym., Trichogrammatidae), parasitoids of Lobesia botrana (Lep., Tortricidae) have been observed under natural conditions in Antibes‐France, during the fall and winter seasons, 1990/1991. It is clear that, T. cacoeciae and T. evanescens can stop their development by either quiescence or diapause, in these natural conditions. T. evanescens was more sensitive to low temperatures than T. cacoeciae.RésuméLe développement de Trichogramma cacoeciae et T. evanescens, parasitoïdes provenant de pontes de Lobesia botrana, a été suivi en conditions naturelles à Antibes‐France, pendant l'automne et l'hiver 1990/1991. II a été montré qu'aussi bien T. cacoeciae que T. evanescens possèdent une capacité à entrer en arrêt de développement, soit une quiescence, soit une diapause, dans les conditions hivernales d' Antibes. T. evanescens est plus sensible que T. cacoeciae, aux conditions de basses températures.
Morphological prediction of worker size discrimination and relative abundance of sympartic species of Pseudacteon (Dipt., Phoridae) parasitoids of the fire ant, Solenopsis saevissima (Hym., Formicidae) in Brazil
Authors: Fowler H. G. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractPatterns of attack for collected species of phorids are predicted using multivariate morphometries of female Pseudacteon species and worker size distributions of parasitized fire ants, Solenopsis saevissima. The model assumes that there is a direct correlation between phorid size and the size range of the worker ant attacked, and presumes that worker sizes are a resource that is divided by sympatric phorid species to minimize joint parasitism. These results suggest that the community of sympatric Pseudacteon species on only one host species coexists by restricting the size of workers attacked, and secondarily by differing diel patterns of ovipositional activity. When we compared relative abundance of species of Pseudacteon with the size distribution of foragers of S. saevissima, our observed distribution did not differ significantly from our predicted relative abundance of females of Pseudacteon. The activity of Pseudacteon may be a factor determining forager size distributions.
Etude du mécanisme de la confusion sexuelle chez l'Eudémis de la vigne, Lobesia botrana Den. et Schiff. (Lep., Tortricidae) IV – Quel est le rôle de la fixation de la phéromone par le feuillage?
Authors: Schmitz V. , Charlier L. , Roehrich R. , Stockel J. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract: Disruption mechanisms of pheromone communication in the European grape moth Lobesia botrana Den. et Schiff. IV — What is the part of absorption of pheromone by foliage?In three experiments using pheromone dispensers of Lobesia botrana, it was shown that the vine foliage was able to fix the pheromone and then to release it into atmosphere. Captures of males in sex traps are less numerous in a vineyard first submitted to confusion. The leaves pre‐exposed to pheromone may behave as baits in sex traps. Then, matings may be disturbed by the pheromone released by leaves first submitted to high doses of pheromone. This action should be able to regulate in time and space the confusion technique as control method.RésuméTrois essais ont montré que le feuillage de la vigne pouvait fixer la phéromone de Lobesia botrana et, après le retrait des diffuseurs de celle‐ci, la relâcher dans l'air. Les captures aux pièges sexuels sont en effet moins nombreuses dans un vignoble préalablement soumis à la confusion. Les feuilles préexposées peuvent agir comme des appâts dans les pièges et les accouplements peuvent être fortement perturbés par la phéromone émise par des feuilles préalablement soumises à des doses très élevées. Cette action serait susceptible de régulariser dans le temps et l'espace l'application de la confusion sexuelle comme méthode de lutte.
Pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. to the larvae of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L. (Lep., Yponomeutidae)
Authors: Selman B. J. , Dayer M. Saaid , Hasan M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe effects of the entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana on the mature larvae of Plutella xylostella under two temperature regimes was studied. All the isolates were significantly pathogenic against P. xylostella larvae. Isolate 274 and 373 caused a higher mortality at 20 ± 5 and 24°C, respectively. These results also showed that the X2 for goodness of fit for the regression showed considerable homogeneity in most of the isolates.
Effect of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) seed kernel extracts on the larval parasitoid Bracon brevicornis Wesm. (Hym., Braconidae)
Authors: Srivastava M. , Paul A. V. N. , Rengasamy S. , Kumar J. , Parmar B. S. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe alcoholic and hexane extracts of 17 neem ecotypes of India have been found to be toxic to the egg, larval and pupal stages of the cosmopolitan, external gregarious larval parasitoid Bracon brevicornis (Wesm.). In general, the hexane extracts showed higher toxicity against the egg and pupal stages whereas the alcoholic extracts were more toxic against the larvae. Azadirachtin content of the neem ecotypes revealed no apparent correlation with the observed toxicity against different stages of the parasitoid.
Effect of NeemAzal, a natural azadirachtin‐containing preparation, on Periplaneta americana (L.) (Orthopt., Blattidae)
Authors: Richter K. , Böhm G.‐A. , Kleeberg H. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractNeemAzal, a commercial neem preparation with an azadirachtin content of 20%, was proven to be a growth retardant for the cockroach Periplaneta americana. As shown in the reduction of food consumption, the effect of NeemAzal, ingested as food, is predominantly to interpret as a phagodeterrent effect. The decreased ingestion of food results in a retardation of growth of the larvae and finally in a reduction of the reproductivity of the adults. The results suggest that a long‐term decimation of a population with a small fluctuation until its breakdown by intensive and permanent offering a NeemAzal‐containing bait may be possible.
Egg distribution and survival of Cinara pilicornis (Hartig) (Hom., Lachnidae) on damaged and undamaged Norway spruce (Picea abies) (L.) Karst
Authors: Stadler B. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe spruce shoot aphid (C. piliconis) (Hartig) lives on Norway spruce (P. abies (L.) Karst.) and deposits its overwintering eggs on current year needles. Ovipara density and the distribution of their eggs on trees at two different sites of the Fichtelgebirge (north‐east of Bavaria), with host trees showing either heavy symptoms of needle‐yellowing (Oberwarmensteinach) or look green and healthy (Waldstein) is investigated. In addition, winter mortality of eggs and egg development until birth of the fundatrices is followed.Host plant quality does not seem to influence the proportion of eggs surviving to spring. Also, the biomass of developing first instar larvae of the fundatrices was independent of the degree of needle yellowing. However, significantly more eggs/shoot and eggs/twig were found on hosts without growth disturbance which is due to a higher ovipara density and a higher fecundity of individual ovipara. Damaged or stressed trees do not seem to be better hosts for C. pilicornis. A significant correlation was found between the biomass of first instar larvae of fundatrices and the time of egg hatching. The high phenotypic plasticity of C. pilicornis on good quality plants is discussed and potential implications for forestry are assessed.
Densities of overwintering carabids and staphylinids (Col., Carabidae and Staphylinidae) in cereal and grass fields and their boundaries
Authors: Andersen A. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAbundances of carabids and staphylinids were measured during four winters in four fields with grass or autumn ploughed spring cereals, and in their boundaries. Most species were significantly more abundant in the boundaries than in the fields, indicating the high importance of boundaries in the agricultural landscape for these predator groups. Only the carabid Clivina fossor and staphylinids belonging to the genus Lathrobium were evenly distributed throughout the entire area. As none of the species with higher populations in the grass fields and their boundaries were among the important predators of insect pests in agricultural fields, it was concluded that the grass fields were of limited importance as a reservoir for the predatory beetles.
Influence of temperature on development, fecundity and survival of the cabbage moth Mamestra brassicae (L.) (Lep., Noctuidae) in relation to the improvement of forecasting and control methods
Authors: Johansen N. S. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractDevelopmental time and survival of eggs, larvae, pupae and adult females of the cabbage moth, Mamestra brassicae (L.), were investigated at different temperatures within the range of 5–23°C. In addition, the influence of temperature during the larval period on the weight of the succeeding pupae was studied, as well as the effect of temperature on fecundity of adult females. The lower developmental thresholds (Tb) and thermal requirement (DD) were established for all developmental stages and the larval instars using linear regression analysis. Tb and DD were 8.6 C and 75 degree‐days for eggs, 5.4°C and 496 degree‐days for the total larval period, 7.2°C and 304 degree‐days for pupae, and 5.0°C and 56 degree‐days for the preovipositional period, respectively. Pupal mortality was low at all temperatures. The survival of eggs and larvae was highest at 18°C, whereas mortality was 100% at 8.5°C. Larval mortality was highest in the first instar and decreased with increasing age. Pupae gained the highest weight when the larvae were reared at 18°C, and the weight decreased with declining temperature. Temperature had no significant effect on total fecundity or fertility. Fecundity was basically unimodal distributed at all temperatures. At low temperatures the egg laying period was markedly prolonged.
Trichopria khandalus (Hym., Diapridae): a new biocontrol agent of the uzifly Exorista bombycis (Dipt., Tachinidae)
Authors: Jamil Kaiser , Jyothi K. N. , Prasuna A. L. , Murty U. S. N. , Persoons C. J. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBiological control of the silkworm pest (Exorista bombycis) was partly successful by using a new hymemopteran biocontrol agent Trichopria khandalus, recovered from the environs of a cocoon market in Hindupur district of Andhra Pradesh (India). T. khandalus is a tiny (1–1.5 mm) endoparasite, the females were found to parasitize the uzifly puparia. The progeny developed inside the uzi pupa, and the adults (140–160 individuals from a single pupa) emerged after about 18–25 days depending on the seasonal extrinsic factors. The lift cycle of T. khandalus averaged 32 days. Due to the favourable sex ratio (2:3 male/female) and high preference to parasitize uzi puparia it is qualified as a good biocontrol agent for the control of E. bombycis. Prospects for utilizing this hyperparasite to manage and eliminate the uzi populations are discussed in the light of its data on biology, and easily manageable mass multiplication in the insectary.