bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anticipating change: The impact of simulated seasonal heterogeneity on heat tolerances along a latitudinal cline
Authors: Lush Jared , Sgrò Carla M. , Hall Matthew D. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAn understanding of thermal limits and variation across geographic regions is central to predicting how any population may respond to global change. Latitudinal clines, in particular, have been used to demonstrate that populations can be locally adapted to their own thermal environment and, as a result, not all populations will be equally impacted by an increase in temperature. But how robust are these signals of thermal adaptation to the other ecological challenges that animals commonly face in the wild? Seasonal changes in population density, food availability, or photoperiod are common ecological challenges that could disrupt patterns of thermal tolerance along a cline if each population differentially used these signals to anticipate future temperatures and adjust their thermal tolerances accordingly. In this study, we aimed to test the robustness of a cline in thermal tolerance to simulated signals of seasonal heterogeneity. Experimental animals were derived from clones of the Australian water flea, Daphnia carinata, sampled from nine distinct populations along a latitudinal transect in Eastern Australia. We then factorially combined summer (18 h light, 6 h dark) and winter (6 h light, 18 h dark) photoperiods with high (5 million algal cells individual−1 day−1) and low (1 million algal cells individual−1 day−1) food availabilities, before performing static heat shock assays to measure thermal tolerance. We found that the thermal tolerances of the clonal populations were sensitive to both measures of seasonal change. In general, higher food availability led to an increase in thermal tolerances, with the magnitude of the increase varying by clone. In contrast, a switch in photoperiod led to rank‐order changes in thermal tolerances, with heat resistance increasing for some clones, and decreasing for others. Heat resistance, however, still declined with increasing latitude, irrespective of the manipulation of seasonal signals, with clones from northern populations always showing greater thermal resistance, most likely driven by adaptation to winter thermal conditions. While photoperiod and food availability can clearly shape thermal tolerances for specific populations, they are unlikely to overwhelm overarching signals of thermal adaptation, and thus, observed clines in heat resistance will likely have remained robust to these forms of seasonal heterogeneity.
The complex governance of protected areas: Insights from geoheritage and geopark management in China
Authors: Zhuang Andi , Stoffelen Arie , Meijles Erik , Groote Peter 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGeoparks aim to conserve areas of geological significance and achieve sustainable endogenous regional development via geotourism. The management of geoparks requires the involvement of all relevant stakeholders and authorities. However, the strategies when establishing geoparks are often based on the visions of scientists and policymakers. Other stakeholders, such as local residents, often have relatively limited opportunities to become involved in the identification and communication of geoheritage values. Yet, across different social contexts, people's attitudes toward heritage may manifest differently. This adds to the complexity of building cohesive partnerships among stakeholders with the common goal of sustainable development. With a qualitative study of Zhangjiajie UNESCO Global Geopark in China, which has attracted considerable attention due to the conflicts between tourism development and heritage conservation, we aim to understand how the concept of geoheritage is institutionalized in the management of the geopark. Data were collected through interviews with government officials at different levels and various local tourism practitioners, supplemented by a policy document analysis. Results show that geoheritage management in Zhangjiajie Geopark lacked dynamism and inclusivity. The reason was the presence of dissonant understandings among various authorities regarding what constitutes geoheritage. These dissonant understandings were not negotiated strategically because of the embedding of the geopark in a highly convoluted multi‐level governance system related to natural resource management and tourism. The findings underscore that geoheritage research should shift away from an objectivist understanding of geoheritage. Perceiving geoheritage as a power‐loaded construct transforms our comprehension of geopark management dynamics.
Functional zoning of biodiversity profiles
Authors: Golini Natalia , Ignaccolo Rosaria , Ippoliti Luigi , Pronello Nicola 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSpatial mapping of biodiversity is crucial to investigate spatial variations in natural communities. Several indices have been proposed in the literature to represent biodiversity as a single statistic. However, these indices only provide information on individual dimensions of biodiversity, thus failing to grasp its complexity comprehensively. Consequently, relying solely on these single indices can lead to misleading conclusions about the actual state of biodiversity. In this work, we focus on biodiversity profiles, which provide a more flexible framework to express biodiversity through nonnegative and convex curves, which can be analyzed by means of functional data analysis. By treating the whole curves as single entities, we propose to achieve a functional zoning of the region of interest by means of a penalized model‐based clustering procedure. This provides a spatial clustering of the biodiversity profiles, which is useful for policy‐makers both for conserving and managing natural resources and revealing patterns of interest. Our approach is evaluated using a simulation study and discussed through the analysis of the Harvard Forest Data, which provides information on the spatial distribution of woody stems within a plot of the Harvard Forest.
Epilepsy in inmate patients seen in a high complexity reference hospital in Colombia: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ríos Patiño David , Morcillo Muñoz Andrés Felipe , Lorenzana Pombo Pablo , Quintero Cusguen Patricia , Acosta Fajardo Hernán , Enciso Zuluaga Mateo , Losada Trujillo Natalia 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of imprisoned patients with epilepsy seen at Samaritana University Hospital (HUS) in Bogotá D.C., between January 2017 and November 2020.MethodsCross‐sectional cohort study of inmate patients over 18 years of age seen at HUS between January 2017 and November 2020, with a discharge diagnosis of epilepsy. A descriptive univariate analysis of patient sociodemographic and clinical characteristics was carried out.ResultsOverall, 92 patients were included, 95.7% were males with a median age of 32 years (IQR: 26–44); 65% were assessed in the outpatient clinic; median hospital length of stay was 2 days (IQR: 0) and 7.6% required admission to the intensive care unit; 75% had focal onset epilepsy, 63.04% with undetermined etiology 31.52% with structural causes. Polytherapy was found in 53.3%, valproic acid being the most frequently used antiseizure medication in 59.78%; lack of adherence was reported in 15.22% and inadequate seizure control in 81.52%; status epilepticus occurred in 5.34%. A total of 31 EEG recordings and 53 brain images were performed, of which, 29% and 39.62%, respectively, were abnormal. Non‐epileptic paroxysmal events were diagnosed in 5.34%, while organic or psychiatric comorbidities were found in 25%, and the use of psychoactive substances was documented in 17.39%. Upon discharge, 93.47% had no disability, and only 45.65% returned for outpatient follow‐up.SignificanceThe clinical profile was of men in the fourth decade of life with focal onset epilepsy characterized by high seizure frequency, most of whom were receiving antiseizure medication, with a high proportion of polytherapy. The results are a point of departure for prospective studies designed to identify points to intervene and improve healthcare for inmates with epilepsy.Plain Language SummaryInmates are a vulnerable proportion of persons with epilepsy. In this group there are significant differences compared to the general population, especially with greater psychiatric comorbidity and worse control of epileptic seizures due to difficulties in accessing medical care, antiseizure medication and diagnostic tests. We found that the most characteristic population is made up of men in the fourth decade of life with a high frequency of seizures, most of whom were receiving multiple antiseizure medication This study is the first of its kind in Latin America and it is an initial approach to epilepsy in inmates.
Fathers' impact on outcomes in the treatment of eating disorders: A scoping review
Authors: Isserlin Leanna , Spector Noah M. P. , Bradley Abigail H. M. , Kanbur Nuray , Bouchard Catherine , Kapur Rishi , Ganson Kyle T. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveMale caregivers' participation in eating disorder (ED) treatment for their affected children is less consistent than female caregivers', with unclear effects. To clarify the impact, this scoping review examined literature on male caregiver involvement in ED treatment, focusing on its impact on fathers, treatment processes, and their affected children.MethodsA search encompassing English and French peer‐reviewed articles from 1990 to 2022 was conducted. Studies distinguishing between mothers and fathers, addressing Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders or International Classification of Diseases ED diagnoses, and involving active interventions were included. From 1651 initially identified articles, 251 were retained after abstract and title review, and 45 met all criteria.ResultsDocumented outcomes indicated fathers' engagement in ED treatment improved their well‐being and family functioning, but these gains were not consistently tied to treatment outcomes. Father attendance, improved caregiving skills, and their expectations of treatment correlated with better outcomes for their affected child.ConclusionsFather involvement in ED treatment remains under‐explored. This review emphasises fathers' positive impact while highlighting the need to better understand the link with overall patient outcomes. We call for proactive exploration of how to surmount barriers to fathers' involvement and ensure that paternal contributions are optimised in ED treatment alongside those of female caregivers.
The immunity gap in primates
Authors: Mariencheck Clara L. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractVertebrates exhibit sexual dimorphism in response to infectious diseases and in morbidity and mortality rates to various pathogens. Females are generally more immunocompetent than males, despite their increased reproductive burden and the immunosuppressive effects of gestation. In addition, females generally have lower incidences of cancer compared to males; however, they have higher rates of autoimmune disorders. These sex differences may be a result of life history differences, sexual selection, genetics, and/or the physiological effects of hormones. As highly social mammals with complex life histories, primates offer a unique opportunity to investigate the evolution of enhanced female immunocompetence. This review aims to examine the evidence of this immunity gap, understand current hypotheses for its evolution, and explore the potential role of X chromosome specific genes and heterozygosity within this framework.
Construction of multi‐decay pathways and realizing polymer‐regulated organic smart luminescent materials
Authors: Xiao Yuxin , Xie Zongliang , Shen Mingyao , Wang Hailan , Li Jiahui , Huang Rongjuan , Yu Tao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe construction of multi‐decay pathways of smart organic light‐emitting materials has drawn intensive research enthusiasm owing to their substantial promise in diverse optoelectronic applications. Nowadays, numerous chemical substances have been refined to extend and enhance their intriguing luminescent properties. Nowadays, plenty of chemicals have been adapted to amplify more interesting luminescent properties. How to utilize an easy way to tune multi‐decay pathways resulting in various emissions is still challenging. Here, we present a triphenylamine derivative, TPA3BP, which exhibits a variety of multi‐decay pathways in different states and can exhibit thermally activated delayed fluorescence in both the polydimethylsiloxane and crystalline state, but also achieve room temperature phosphorescence by embedding it into the poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone matrix. The multi‐decay luminescence can be attributed to the dual effect arising from the n‐π* transition of TPA3BP and the regulation of molecular transition pathways within the matrix environment. This intriguing phenomenon highlights the combined influence of TPA3BP's electronic transitions and the influence of the polarity and rigidity of the surrounding matrix on the observed characteristics. This advancement has widened the structural possibilities for multi‐decay luminescent materials, enabling their targeted synthesis for future applications, such as information encryption and smart anti‐counterfeiting.
Glymphatic pathway: An emerging perspective in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Rehman Muneeb U. , Sehar Nouroz , Rasool Iyman , Aldossari Rana M. , Wani Amir Bashir , Rashid Shahzada Mudasir , Wali Adil Farooq , Ali Aarif , Arafah Azher , Khan Andleeb 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe central nervous system (CNS) is widely recognized as the only organ system without lymphatic capillaries to promote the removal of interstitial metabolic by‐products. Thus, the newly identified glymphatic system which provides a pseudolymphatic activity in the nervous system has been focus of latest research in neurosciences. Also, findings reported that, sleep stimulates the elimination actions of glymphatic system and is linked to normal brain homeostatis. The CNS is cleared of potentially hazardous compounds via the glymphatic system, particularly during sleep. Any age‐related alterations in brain functioning and pathophysiology of various neurodegenerative illnesses indicates the disturbance of the brain's glymphatic system. In this context, β‐amyloid as well as tau leaves the CNS through the glymphatic system, it's functioning and CSF discharge markedly altered in elderly brains as per many findings. Thus, glymphatic failure may have a potential mechanism which may be therapeutically targetable in several neurodegenerative and age‐associated cognitive diseases. Therefore, there is an urge to focus for more research into the connection among glymphatic system and several potential brain related diseases. Here, in our current review paper, we reviewed current research on the glymphatic system's involvement in a number of prevalent neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases and, we also discussed several therapeutic approaches, diet and life style modifications which might be used to acquire a more thorough performance and purpose of the glymphatic system to decipher novel prospects for clinical applicability for the management of these diseases.
Gender‐specific factors associated with case complexity in middle‐aged and older adults—Evidence from a large population‐based study
Authors: Paul Cinara , Schöttker Ben , Hartmann Mechthild , Friederich Hans‐Christoph , Brenner Hermann , Wild Beate 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate gender‐specific factors associated with case complexity in a population‐based sample of middle‐aged and older adults using a holistic approach to complexity.MethodsData were derived from the 8‐year follow‐up home visits of the ESTHER study—a German population‐based study in middle‐aged and older adults. Cross‐sectional analyses were conducted for 2932 persons (aged 57–84). Complexity was assessed by the well‐established INTERMED for the elderly interview, which uses a holistic approach to the definition of case complexity. The association between various bio‐psycho‐social variables and case complexity was analyzed using gender‐specific logistic regression models, adjusted for sociodemographic factors (age, marital status, education).ResultsPrevalence of complexity was 8.3% with significantly higher prevalence in female (10.6%) compared to male (5.8%) participants (p < 0.001). Variables associated with increased odds for complexity in both, women and men were: being divorced (odds ratio [OR] women: 1.86, 95% CI 1.05–3.30; OR men: 3.19, 1.25–8.12), higher total somatic morbidity (women: 1.08, 1.04–1.12; men: 1.06, 1.02–1.11), higher depression severity (women: 1.34, 1.28–1.40; men: 1.35, 1.27–1.44), and higher loneliness scores (women: 1.19, 1.05–1.36; men: 1.23, 1.03–1.47). Women (but not men) with obesity (Body mass index [BMI] ≥30) had higher odds (1.79, 1.11–2.89) for being complex compared to those with a BMI <25. High oxidative stress measured by derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites in serum was associated with 2.02 (1.09–3.74) higher odds for complexity only in men.ConclusionsThis study provides epidemiological evidence on gender differences in prevalence and factors associated with case complexity in middle‐aged and older adults. Moreover, this study adds to the holistic understanding of complexity by identifying novel variables linked to complexity among middle‐aged and older individuals. These factors include loneliness for both genders, and high oxidative stress for men. These findings should be confirmed in future longitudinal studies.
Network enrichment significance testing in brain–phenotype association studies
Authors: Weinstein Sarah M. , Vandekar Simon N. , Li Bin , Alexander‐Bloch Aaron F. , Raznahan Armin , Li Mingyao , Gur Raquel E. , Gur Ruben C. , Roalf David R. , Park Min Tae M. , Chakravarty Mallar , Baller Erica B. , Linn Kristin A. , Satterthwaite Theodore D. , Shinohara Russell T. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFunctional networks often guide our interpretation of spatial maps of brain–phenotype associations. However, methods for assessing enrichment of associations within networks of interest have varied in terms of both scientific rigor and underlying assumptions. While some approaches have relied on subjective interpretations, others have made unrealistic assumptions about spatial properties of imaging data, leading to inflated false positive rates. We seek to address this gap in existing methodology by borrowing insight from a method widely used in genetics research for testing enrichment of associations between a set of genes and a phenotype of interest. We propose network enrichment significance testing (NEST), a flexible framework for testing the specificity of brain–phenotype associations to functional networks or other sub‐regions of the brain. We apply NEST to study enrichment of associations with structural and functional brain imaging data from a large‐scale neurodevelopmental cohort study.
Comparison of film array pneumonia panel to routine diagnostic methods and its potential impact in an adult intensive care unit in Hong Kong and the potential role of emergency departments
Authors: Wu Ping , Ling Kin Ho Steven 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundPneumonia is a leading diagnosis for patients requiring critical care. Prediction of the causal organisms has proved challenging, and antibiotic overuse is a burning issue.ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the results of the BioFire FilmArray Pneumonia Panel (PN Panel) to standard diagnostic methods and evaluate its potential impact in an intensive care unit (ICU).MethodsThis is a retrospective study including adult patients admitted to the ICUs with a diagnosis of pneumonia. The agreement between the PN panel results and the standard diagnostic method was analyzed. Actual and potential adjustments of antimicrobials after the PN panel results were reviewed and compared.ResultsTwo hundred ninety three patients with pneumonia were included. The PN panel identified at least one pathogen in 159 specimens (54.2%), while the standard diagnostic method identified at least one pathogen in 132 specimens (45.0%). Positive percentage agreement between the PN panel and standard‐of‐care culture reached 94%, and negative percentage agreement reached 97%. Among 293 patients, the availability of PN results led to escalation of antimicrobials in 38 (19%) patients and de‐escalation or discontinuation of antimicrobials in 95 (32.4%) patients.ConclusionThis pilot study showed the PN panel could provide accurate results on the causative pathogens and detect resistant bacteria. It could reduce the use of broad‐spectrum antibiotics and overall antibiotic use. If the PN panel could be checked at the emergency department, targeted antibiotics could be administered when the patient arrived at the ICU.
A practical and efficient approach to evaluating the irrigation water supply from electricity consumption: A case study in Siyang County, China
Authors: Qin Yazhou , Cui Yansong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTo facilitate agricultural water rights trading reform in China and improve the efficiency of agricultural irrigation, an effective and practical approach called the conversion coefficient from electricity consumption to irrigation water supply (CCECIWS) method is introduced in this study. Application of this method in Siyang County is meticulously investigated. First, four measurement strategies are employed for the precise estimation of the volume of irrigation water from agricultural irrigation water pumps (AIWPs) in Siyang County. Then, the CCECIWS data collected through on‐site testing and the distribution pattern of the CCECIWSs of AIWPs are analysed, and the ranges of the CCECIWS values for different groups are delineated. Conjoint analysis is conducted to quantify the influence of two factors on the CCECIWSs. Finally, three regression models are developed and validated to predict the CCECIWSs for the remaining 60% of the total AIWPs, which are not tested on site. The prediction results show that the regression models have acceptable accuracy. The contribution of this research is the provision of a practical and efficient CCECIWS method to indirectly evaluate the irrigation water supply, saving both time and economic costs and laying the foundation for future research on this topic.
Diagnosis of dental caries based on attenuation coefficients analysis of optical coherence tomography images
Authors: Fan Shuhao , Yu Huanhuan , Guan Zehua , Lv Fukang , Zhou Zhuojun , Dai Cuixia 
Published: June 2024

AbstractQuantitative analysis of optical attenuation based on optical coherence tomography images will offer an effective method to enhance diagnostic capabilities. In this paper, the optical attenuation in demineralized caries specimens was calculated to distinguish between normal teeth and carious teeth and further to differentiate the severity of caries, and thus come to the half‐automated diagnosis of dental caries. Results show that the attenuation coefficient in carious regions is approximately , while that of normal teeth is about . Attenuation coefficient of carious regions is 35% higher than that of normal teeth. Moreover, five classes of caries were qualified and classified based on the optical attenuation coefficient. Compared with the healthy teeth, there is a noticeable disparity in the attenuation coefficients of carious teeth, both on the surface and at the dentinoenamel junction. This study provides a method for accurate caries diagnosis, particularly in detection of early lesions and subtle structural changes.