bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contemporary Languages of Science and Islam in Turkey
Authors: Telliel Yunus Doğan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This article examines the rhetoric of science and religion in contemporary Turkey. It focuses on two major public debates among Muslims: one of them is on the Qur’an’s scientific exegesis and the other is on evolution and creationism. As “science” and “religion” are not stable categories in social life in Turkey, these debates are not simply about figuring out the proper relationship between the two. The article instead shows that these debates have helped translate new scientific ideas, idioms, and imageries into religious language. Thanks to these translations, contemporary arguments in Turkey’s science and religion debates are not always predetermined. They multiply and evolve, enabling new types of religious inquiries and imaginations, including, for instance, Qur’anic interpretations that align with evolutionary theories.
Machine Learning as a State-building Experiment
Authors: Hassan Yousif 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
New initiatives of machine learning (ML) have become sites of controversies about technoscience, innovation, and global inequalities in Africa. As part of the burgeoning area of artificial intelligence for development, ML is often framed as a technological answer to long-standing debates about development and modernization in African societies. This chapter examines the embedded assumptions and political imaginaries of Africa’s globally marginalized epistemic communities in understanding the social impact of ML in the continent. Looking at these debates through the analytical lens of sociotechnical imaginaries, decoloniality, and alternative modernities, the chapter argues for an understanding of ML as a state-building experiment in postcolonial Africa. From this perspective, this chapter begins to articulate a different theorization of sociotechnical practices of ML from a Majority World perspective. It also complements critical literature on the sociology of ML by integrating perspectives from science and technology studies and contemporary African studies.
Representation Matters
Authors: Melnick Dyer Alison 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
How a person or community is represented in text has important implications for their lived experience. Likewise, we can learn a lot about how people lived by reading the stories of their lives. This chapter provides an overview of the many ways that women are represented in—and have participated in the creation of—Tibetan life writing. It discusses the representations of historical women and female deities in life stories, and whether and how we can relate these to the lived experiences of Tibetan Buddhist women at different historical moments. It also describes the various ways that women have participated in the creation of life writing—including hagiography and auto/biography—as authors and interlocutors. The literary representations of Buddhist women and deities can inform how we understand the social expectations for and upon women at different moments in Tibetan history. Their presence in life writing can also be beneficial for parsing how women have harnessed their own agency as actors in the Tibetan religious world, as well as the struggles that have historically been unique to women’s experiences. In addition to an overview of women’s engagement with life writing, this chapter focuses on the case study of the Tibetan nun Mingyur Peldrön, her role in the creation of her hagiography, and what her life story can (and cannot) tell us about her lived experience and the experiences of other women in her community.
Classical Strategic Theory and the Link between Economics and Security
Authors: Lee James , Mahnken Thomas G. , Reddie Andrew W. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores why geoeconomics appears more often in some works in the strategic studies canon than it does in others. The chapter reflects on scholarship in both political science and international relations theory. It also notes that economic issues are included in the foundational works in the field. In particular, the authors argue that theorists who have focused on grand strategy in the industrial era, maritime and air power theorists, and scholars focused on competition have placed the greatest weight on the role of geography and economy in their work. It concludes with an outline of the chapters in this section, which are primarily focused upon the intersection of economic statecraft and national security concerns.
South Korea’s Perspectives on Geoeconomics
Authors: Lee Seungjoo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
South Korea has pursued a unique economic statecraft to navigate domestic and international challenges, among them achieving economic growth, while addressing the constant security threats posed by the division of North and South Korea, structural conditions that run through the country’s geoeconomics. To do so, South Korea has focused on upgrading its industrial structure and promoting its defense industry. South Korea’s economic statecraft has faced a variety of challenges, including balancing the Republic of Korea (ROK)-US relationship between entrapment and abandonment, coping with periodic economic crises, and dealing with rising security threats such as North Korea’s nuclear weapons development. US-China strategic competition in the twenty-first century and the global COVID-19 pandemic have ushered in an age of hyper-uncertainty. In response to this economic coercion and the proliferation of industrial policies, South Korea is seeking to shift to an inclusive economic statecraft that uses advanced technology as a nexus between the economy and security, pursues technological sovereignty to reduce external dependence, and seeks cooperation with like-minded countries.
Deification in Macarius, Evagrius, and Dionysius
Authors: Plested Marcus 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the teaching on deification of (pseudo-) Macarius, Evagrius of Pontus, and (pseudo-) Dionysius the Areopagite. These three writers offer a detailed account of the highest stages of the spiritual life. Of the three, Macarius provides the richest and most robust teaching on deification, offering some essential theological underpinnings, arresting scriptural interpretation, striking imagery of divine fire and light, and sound advice born of his own spiritual experience. While eschewing the technical language of deification, Evagrius’ teaching on the highest stage of Christian life includes themes germane to deification, such as essential knowledge and the vision of divine light. Evagrius does, however, suggest a functionally pantheistic notion of the eschaton that would undermine the properly salutary nature of the Christian doctrine of deification. Dionysius’ intense focus on deification is associated especially with his teaching on hierarchy. Even in the heights of mystical union, however, human individuation is preserved.
Pietism, the Moravian Brethren, and the Wesleys
Authors: Castelo Daniel 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter highlights how Pietists, Moravians, and the Wesleys converge and diverge on the themes of deification and participation. A convergence point would be their shared language of “heart religion” and its accompanying experiential expectation of assurance and affective transformation. A point of divergence would be that, whereas Pietists and Moravians at times show some Lutheran soteriological tendencies, the Wesleys were Anglicans who were influenced by ancient Christian sources, particularly Eastern ones. Even between the Wesley brothers themselves, one notices some differences as well, as reflected in John’s writings broadly and Charles’ verse in particular. Whereas John at times shifted his views on Christian perfection on the basis of a kind of “pragmatics of ministry,” Charles retained the ancient vision of participation’s “vertical dimensions.”
Jacob Boehme, German Idealism, and Romanticism
Authors: O’Regan Cyril 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The chapter examines the understanding of the divine capacity of the human subject in the speculative thought of the German mystic, Jacob Boehme. Boehme’s theosophy not only represents a subversion of Luther’s anthropology, but goes far beyond any uplifting of the divine-human relation in the Christian tradition. While Boehme is by no means constitutive of German Idealism’s and Romanticism’s later celebration of the divine capacity of the self, he is a determinate influence that makes possible the sense that these post-Enlightenment forms of thought can take on the mantle of Christianity. For German Idealism, the claim is that the intimacy of the divine and human is such that one cannot do without the other, For Romanticism, both German and English, the poet enjoys a capacity for vision of what is truly spiritual that transcends the finite, perspectival point of view, and is nothing less than the divine’s view of itself.
Deification in Sacraments, Liturgy, and Prayer
Authors: Keating Daniel 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the relationship of the sacraments, liturgy, and prayer to Christian deification. According to most accounts of Christian deification, the sacraments, liturgy, and prayer together serve as primary elements in the deification of a Christian. The sacraments of initiation—baptism, chrismation/confirmation, and the Eucharist—in conjunction with the word of God in scripture––are the principal means by which God’s own divine life comes to dwell and act effectively within the believer. Through communal liturgy and personal prayer, the members of the Christian community are progressively transformed, season by season, into the likeness of God as they actively cooperate with grace and pursue a life of holiness and communion with God and each other. All this, in conjunction with the full range of human activity under grace, contributes to the progressive deification of the believer.
Ultrasound of the forefeet besides the hands in patients at risk for rheumatoid arthritis: is it worth the effort? A longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Boeren Anna M P , Oei Edwin H G , Willemze Annemiek , de Jong Pascal H P , van der Helm-van Mil Annette H M , van Mulligen Elise 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective
US can detect subclinical joint-inflammation in patients with clinically suspect arthralgia (CSA), which is valuable as predictor for RA development. In most research protocols both hands and forefeet are scanned, but it is unclear if US of the forefeet has additional value for predicting RA, especially since synovial hypertrophy in MTP-joints of healthy individuals is also common. To explore the possibility to omit scanning of the forefeet we determined if US of the forefeet is of additional predictive value for RA-development in CSA patients.

Methods
CSA patients of two independent cohorts underwent US of the hands and forefeet. We analysed the association between RA-development and US-positivity for the full US-protocol, the full US-protocol with correction for gray scale (GS)-findings in the forefeet of healthy and the protocol without forefeet.

Results
In total, 298 CSA patients were studied. In patients with a positive US, subclinical joint-inflammation was mostly present in the hands (90–86%). Only 10–14% of patients had subclinical joint-inflammation solely in the forefeet. US-positivity was associated with inflammatory arthritis development in both cohorts, with HRs 2.6 (95% CI 0.9–7.5) and 3.1 (95% CI 1.5–6.4) for the full protocol, 3.1 (95% CI 1.3–7.7) and 2.7 (95% CI 1.3–5.4) for the full US-protocol with correction, and 3.1 (95% CI 1.4–6.9) and 2.8 (95% CI 1.4–5.6) without the forefeet. AUROCs were equal across both cohorts.

Conclusion
The forefeet can be omitted when US is used for the prediction of RA-development in CSA patients. This is due to the finding that subclinical joint-inflammation in the forefeet without concomitant inflammation in the hands is infrequent.
Community-based intervention for obstructive sleep apnea in the general population: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wang Longlong , Ou Qiong , Shan Guangliang , Zhan Weixin , Huang Jinhuan , Lin Qiuqiang , Li Jianfei , Liu Yibin , Xu Yuejun , Chen Chunyan , Chen Weili 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Study Objectives
To investigate the engagement and health outcomes of community-based intervention for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in the general population.

Methods
We conducted a 3-month randomized controlled trial in two communities in southern China. We initially screened the general population for high-risk OSA and further diagnosis using home sleep testing. Eligible participants were randomly (1:1) assigned to either a control or continuous positive airway pressure-based integrated intervention group. The primary outcomes were multimodal indicators reflecting health outcomes, including health-related quality of life (Short Form-36 [SF-36]), sleep-related symptoms, and cardiometabolic risk.

Results
Of the 2484 participants screened, 1423 identified as having high-risk OSA were considered for telephone invitations to participate in the trial. Of these, 401 participants responded positively (28.2%), 279 were diagnosed with OSA, and 212 were randomized. The intervention significantly improved several domains of SF-36, including physical functioning (intergroup difference, 2.8; p = .003), vitality (2.3; p = .031), and reported health transition (6.8; p = .005). Sleep-related symptoms, including Epworth Sleepiness Scale (−0.7; p = .017), Fatigue Severity Scale (−3.0; p = .022), Insomnia Severity Index (−1.8; p &lt; .001), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (−0.7; p = .032), also showed significant improvements. Although the intervention did not significantly alter glycolipid metabolism, ventricular function, or cardiac structural remodeling, it achieved a significant reduction in systolic (−4.5 mmHg; p = .004) and diastolic blood pressure (BP; −3.7 mmHg; p &lt; .001).

Conclusions
Community-based intervention for previously undiagnosed OSA in the general population yielded improvements in health-related quality of life, sleep-related symptoms, and BP. However, engagement in the intervention program was low.

Clinical Trial Registration
“Community Intervention Trial for OSA”;
URL: https://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojEN.html?proj=144927;
Trial identification number: ChiCTR2100054800.
In vitro functional assays to assess the reciprocal interplay between tumor cells and macrophages
Authors: Karimova Adelya F. , Ketkar Avanee , Suezov Roman , Khalitova Adelya R. , Gomzikova Marina , Mukhamedshina Yana , Lauth Matthias , Huber Magdalena , Simon Hans‐Uwe , Brichkina Anna 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) are integral components of the tumor microenvironment. They are involved in various aspects of tumor cell biology, driving pathological processes such as tumor cell proliferation, metastasis, immunosuppression, and resistance to therapy. TAMs exert their tumorigenic effects by secreting growth factors, cytokines/chemokines, metabolites, and other soluble bioactive molecules. These mediators directly promote tumor cell proliferation and modulate interactions with immune and stromal cells, facilitating further tumor growth. As research into therapies targeting TAMs intensifies, there is a growing need for reliable methods to comprehend the impact of TAMs on cancer progression and to validate novel therapeutics directed at TAMs. The traditional “M1‐M2” macrophage classification based on transcriptional profiles of TAMs is not only too simplistic to describe their physiological roles, it also does not explain differences observed between mouse and human macrophages. In this context, methods that assess how TAMs influence tumor or immune cells, either through direct contact or the release of soluble factors, offer a more promising approach. We describe here comprehensive protocols for in vitro functional assays to study TAMs, specifically regarding their impact on the growth of lung cancer cells. We have applied these methods to both mouse and human macrophages, achieving similar outcomes in promoting the proliferation of cancer cells. This methodology can serve as a standardized approach for testing novel therapeutic approaches, targeting TAMs with novel immunotherapeutic compounds, or utilizing gene‐editing techniques. Taken together, the described methodology may contribute to our understanding of complex macrophage‐tumor interactions and support the development of innovative therapeutic strategies.
ChatGPT provides safe responses to post-operative concerns following total joint arthroplasty
Authors: Chenard Stephen W. , Mika Aleksander P. , Polkowski Gregory G. , Engstrom Stephen M. , Wilson Jacob M. , Martin J. Ryan 
Published: June 2024

Introduction:
Postoperative triage is a considerable financial and time burden following total joint arthroplasty (TJA). An ideal post-operative triage method would be equally as safe as triage nurses, but more cost-effective and time-efficient. Therefore, this study aimed to see if ChatGPT could serve as a safe and effective method of postoperative triage in responding to patient concerns following TJA.

Methods:
A list of ten potential concerns from post-operative arthroplasty patients was compiled ranging from “How much walking can I do?” to “My leg is throbbing and red, and I’m having trouble breathing. What should I do?”. These concerns were presented to trained orthopaedic triage nurses (n=3) and ChatGPT (Version 3.5). The generated responses were rated blindly by three fellowship-trained orthopaedic surgeons specializing in adult reconstruction using Likert scales ranging from 1-5 for safety and completeness (1 being highly unsafe/incomplete; 5 being highly safe/complete). The average scores were calculated for each prompt and are presented as mean±standard deviation.

Results:
There was no significant difference in average safety scores between ChatGPT responses (4.2±0.5) and those of triage nurses (4.3±0.4) (P=0.68). Similarly, there was no significant difference in completeness scores between ChatGPT responses (3.9±0.8) and those of triage nurses (4.0±0.6) (P=0.67). Furthermore, there were no significant differences in safety or completeness between ChatGPT and triage nurses for any of the individual prompts (all P values >0.05).

Conclusions:
Postoperative triage is a critical component of perioperative care but represents a substantial time and cost burden. This preliminary study highlights the promising opportunity for future use of AI-enabled chatbots to provide instantaneous, safe, and complete responses to postoperative patient concerns.
Clues for Facial Perceived Age: Exercise, Sun Protection, Photoaging, and Anthropometric Properties: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Dundar Yolsal Ozlem , Esme Pelin , Karahan Sevilay , Tasci Ilker , Caliskan Ercan 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
The effect of environmental and genetic factors on the aging process is widely acknowledged. Yet, the extent to which each factor decisively contributes to the perception of looking younger or older remains a subject of debate. This study seeks to identify the factors linked to the perceived age among Turkish women.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Ten assessors scored the perceived ages of 250 female patients based on facial photographs. The study aimed to assess the impact of environmental factors and anthropometric measurements on the perception of aging. A comprehensive analysis involved conducting 9 perioral and 6 periorbital anthropometric measurements on all study participants.

RESULTS
Exercise (p = .001), mild photodamage (stage 1–2) (p = .001), consistent sunscreen use (p = .001), the length of the palpebral fissure (p = .043), and the height of the upper vermilion (p = .019) demonstrated significant associations with a more youthful appearance.

CONCLUSION
Environmental factors, including exercise, photoprotection, sunscreen use, and anthropometric measurements such as palpebral fissure length and upper vermilion height, play a significant role in contributing to a more youthful appearance.
Anatomical Study of the Superior Auricular Artery Using 3-Dimensional Computed Tomography Angiography
Authors: Chen Chao-Yang , Li Fang-Wei , Luo Cheng-En , Wang Hai-Bin 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND
The superior auricular artery (SAA)–retroauricular flap is commonly used for the repair of defects of the superior auricle. There are few studies about the anatomy of the SAA.

OBJECTIVE
This study mainly analyzed the anatomical pattern of SAA.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Computed tomography (CT) was performed on 26 cadaver heads infused with lead oxide. The anatomical pattern of the SAA was statistically analyzed by 3-dimensional CT images.

RESULTS
The SAA was classified into 3 types according to whether it gave off the helix branch or the auricular dorsal branch. The SAA was located mainly in an area 2 cm above and below the horizontal line at the midpoint of the 2 base points (the otobasion superius and the apex of the external auditory canal). The origin of each branch of the SAA was mainly located in Areas 2, 3, and 4 within a circular area that had the otobasion superius as the center of the circle and a radius of 2 cm.

CONCLUSION
In this study, the 3 anatomical types and anatomical patterns of the SAA were identified. These findings can provide a reference for the design of SAA–retroauricular flaps and for surgical planning.
Visualization of Keratopathy Associated With the Antibody–Drug Conjugate Belantamab Mafodotin Using Infrared Imaging in Patients With Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Gallin Vivian , Nölle Bernhard , Schub Natalie , Roider Johann 
Published: June 2024

Purpose:
The treatment of patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) with the antibody–drug conjugate belantamab mafodotin is affected by ocular adverse effects, most frequently keratopathy with corneal microcyst-like epithelial changes (MECs). To assess ocular side effects, the Keratopathy and Visual Acuity (KVA) scale, based on the extent of keratopathy subjectively graded on slit-lamp examination and the change in best corrected visual acuity from baseline, was created. Advanced corneal imaging techniques have been explored to further characterize MECs and identify objective imaging biomarkers. We examined whether infrared reflectance imaging of the anterior segment (AS-IR) could contribute to the assessment, monitoring, and documentation of corneal toxicity in patients treated with belantamab mafodotin.

Methods:
In addition to the KVA examination, AS-IR imaging was performed. AS-IR images were evaluated for presence of visible hyporeflective lesions and their spatial and temporal distribution between visits and compared with keratopathy identified on slit-lamp examination. To standardize the assessment, a scoring system for lesions on AS-IR was implemented for additional analysis.

Results:
Nine patients undergoing treatment with belantamab mafodotin for up to 9 months were examined. All patients exhibited hyporeflective lesions on AS-IR imaging, indicative of corneal toxicity corresponding to MECs observed on slit-lamp examination. AS-IR lesions showed early occurrence, variable quantity and size, and distinct distribution patterns, correlating with clinical findings during treatment.

Conclusions:
As shown for belantamab mafodotin, AS-IR imaging represents a fast, noninvasive, supplemental method for documentation, monitoring, and assessment of corneal adverse effects during treatment with antibody–drug conjugates, which may enable more standardized analyses.