bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression and Immunohistochemical Detection of Leptin‐Like Peptide in the Gastrointestinal Tract of the South American Sea Lion (Otaria flavescens) and the Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus)
Authors: Russo Finizia , Gatta Claudia , De Girolamo Paolo , Cozzi Bruno , Giurisato Maristella , Lucini Carla , Varricchio Ettore 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis study provides an immunohistochemical approach to the expression of leptin in the gastrointestinal tract of the monogastric South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens), and the poligastric bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). The specific organization of the gastrointestinal tract is examined in relation to the neuroendocrine regulation of the gut exerted by leptin. In the South American sea lion some leptin‐like‐immunoreactive (ir) cells, and endocrine type cells, were found in the pit of gastric mucosal folds and in the epithelium of duodenum as well as numerous neurons were detected in the submucosal and myenteric plexuses of the stomach. In the bottlenose dolphin, many leptin‐like‐ir cells, and exocrine type cells, were identified in the mucosal layer of the main stomach as well as several neurons and nervous fibers were detected in nervous plexuses of main stomach, pyloric stomach, proximal, and middle intestine. Our data suggest that the distribution of leptin‐like peptides is similar in the two species, notwithstanding the different anatomical organization of the gastrointestinal apparatus of South American sea lion and bottlenose dolphin. These findings “suggest” the presence of a basal plan in the regulation of food intake, body weight, energy balance and of the gastrointestinal functions in general also in marine mammals with different and specific feeding habits. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Short time augmented extended Kalman filter for soil analysis: a feasibility study
Authors: Carrassi Alberto , Hamdi Rafiq , Termonia Piet , Vannitsem Stéphane 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis paper presents a soil analysis scheme based on an extended Kalman filter (EKF), the short time augmented extended Kalman filter (STAEKF), where the model parameters are estimated along with the system state. We use an off‐line version of the interaction soil‐biosphere‐atmosphere model for the assimilation of screen‐level temperature and relative humidity. The leaf area index, the albedo, and the minimum stomatal resistance are estimated with the STAEKF. Results show that the STAEKF gives encouraging results and indicate the benefit of the simultaneous estimation of the state and parameters in soil data assimilation. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Multi‐enzymatic one‐pot reduction of dehydrocholic acid to 12‐keto‐ursodeoxycholic acid with whole‐cell biocatalysts
Authors: Sun Boqiao , Kantzow Christina , Bresch Sven , Castiglione Kathrin , Weuster‐Botz Dirk 
Published: July 2012

AbstractUrsodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is a bile acid of industrial interest as it is used as an agent for the treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis and the medicamentous, non‐surgical dissolution of gallstones. Currently, it is prepared industrially from cholic acid following a seven‐step chemical procedure with an overall yield of <30%. In this study, we investigated the key enzymatic steps in the chemo‐enzymatic preparation of UDCA—the two‐step reduction of dehydrocholic acid (DHCA) to 12‐keto‐ursodeoxycholic acid using a mutant of 7β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (7β‐HSDH) from Collinsella aerofaciens and 3α‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3α‐HSDH) from Comamonas testosteroni. Three different one‐pot reaction approaches were investigated using whole‐cell biocatalysts in simple batch processes. We applied one‐biocatalyst systems, where 3α‐HSDH, 7β‐HSDH, and either a mutant of formate dehydrogenase (FDH) from Mycobacterium vaccae N10 or a glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) from Bacillus subtilis were expressed in a Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) based host strain. We also investigated two‐biocatalyst systems, where 3α‐HSDH and 7β‐HSDH were expressed separately together with FDH enzymes for cofactor regeneration in two distinct E. coli hosts that were simultaneously applied in the one‐pot reaction. The best result was achieved by the one‐biocatalyst system with GDH for cofactor regeneration, which was able to completely convert 100 mM DHCA to >99.5 mM 12‐keto‐UDCA within 4.5 h in a simple batch process on a liter scale. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 68–77. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The dynamics of the CHO host cell protein profile during clarification and protein A capture in a platform antibody purification process
Authors: Hogwood Catherine E.M. , Tait Andrew S. , Koloteva‐Levine Nadejda , Bracewell Daniel G. , Smales C. Mark 
Published: July 2012

AbstractRecombinant protein products such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for use in the clinic must be clear of host cell impurities such as host cell protein (HCP), DNA/RNA, and high molecular weight immunogenic aggregates. Despite the need to remove and monitor HCPs, the nature, and fate of these during downstream processing (DSP) remains poorly characterized. We have applied a proteomic approach to investigate the dynamics and fate of HCPs in the supernatant of a mAb producing cell line during early DSP including centrifugation, depth filtration, and protein A capture chromatography. The primary clarification technique selected was shown to influence the HCP profile that entered subsequent downstream steps. MabSelect protein A chromatography removed the majority of contaminating proteins, however using 2D‐PAGE we could visualize not only the antibody species in the eluate (heavy and light chain) but also contaminant HCPs. These data showed that the choice of secondary clarification impacts upon the HCP profile post‐protein A chromatography as differences arose in both the presence and abundance of specific HCPs when depth filters were compared. A number of intracellularly located HCPs were identified in protein A elution fractions from a Null cell line culture supernatant including the chaperone Bip/GRP78, heat shock proteins, and the enzyme enolase. We demonstrate that the selection of early DSP steps influences the resulting HCP profile and that 2D‐PAGE can be used for monitoring and identification of HCPs post‐protein A chromatography. This approach could be used to screen cell lines or hosts to select those with reduced HCP profiles, or to identify HCPs that are problematic and difficult to remove so that cell‐engineering approaches can be applied to reduced, or eliminate, such HCPs. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 240–251. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fed‐batch and perfusion culture processes: Economic, environmental, and operational feasibility under uncertainty
Authors: Pollock James , Ho Sa V. , Farid Suzanne S. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis article evaluates the current and future potential of batch and continuous cell culture technologies via a case study based on the commercial manufacture of monoclonal antibodies. The case study compares fed‐batch culture to two perfusion technologies: spin‐filter perfusion and an emerging perfusion technology utilizing alternating tangential flow (ATF) perfusion. The operational, economic, and environmental feasibility of whole bioprocesses based on these systems was evaluated using a prototype dynamic decision‐support tool built at UCL encompassing process economics, discrete‐event simulation and uncertainty analysis, and combined with a multi‐attribute decision‐making technique so as to enable a holistic assessment. The strategies were compared across a range of scales and titres so as to visualize how their ranking changes in different industry scenarios. The deterministic analysis indicated that the ATF perfusion strategy has the potential to offer cost of goods savings of 20% when compared to conventional fed‐batch manufacturing processes when a fivefold increase in maximum viable cell densities was assumed. Savings were also seen when the ATF cell density dropped to a threefold increase over the fed‐batch strategy for most combinations of titres and production scales. In contrast, the fed‐batch strategy performed better in terms of environmental sustainability with a lower water and consumable usage profile. The impact of uncertainty and failure rates on the feasibility of the strategies was explored using Monte Carlo simulation. The risk analysis results demonstrated the enhanced robustness of the fed‐batch process but also highlighted that the ATF process was still the most cost‐effective option even under uncertainty. The multi‐attribute decision‐making analysis provided insight into the limited use of spin‐filter perfusion strategies in industry. The resulting sensitivity spider plots enabled identification of the critical ratio of weightings of economic and operational benefits that affect the choice between ATF perfusion and fed‐batch strategies. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 206–219. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Establishment and characterization of a novel lymphangiosarcoma cell line (MO‐LAS) compared with the hemangiosarcoma cell line (ISO‐HAS)
Authors: Masuzawa Mikio , Masuzawa Mamiko , Hamada Yuhko , Arakawa Nobuko , Mori Mari , Ishii Masako , Nishiyama Shigeo 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe concept of “lymphangiosarcoma” remains obscure. Therefore, we reported a patient with lymphangiosarcoma, resistant to immunotherapy. The patient presented with impressive and discriminative features: clinically an ill‐defined edematous lesion with lymphorrhea and pathologically atypical vascular channel formation without extravasation of blood, clearly distinguished from common angiosarcoma with hemorrhage. From this case, a lymphangiosarcoma cell line, MO‐LAS, was established and its characteristics were compared with the hemangiosarcoma cell line, ISO‐HAS. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that MO‐LAS was negative for factor VIII‐related antigen, but positive for CD31, D2‐40, NZ‐1, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor‐3 (VEGFR‐3), similar to ISO‐HAS. However, MO‐LAS expressed a much higher level of homeobox gene PROX1, indicating a lymphatic phenotype, compared with ISO‐HAS. Furthermore, MO‐LAS showed a much lesser expression of oncogenes and much lower sensitivity against lymphokine‐activated killer (LAK) cells. Lymphangiosarcoma may be difficult to recognize by the immune system. Conclusively, the establishment of MO‐LAS, a novel angiosarcoma cell line bearing lymphatic characters, strongly suggests the entity of lymphangiosarcoma.
A Computational Investigation of the Catalytic Properties of Graphene Oxide: Exploring Mechanisms by using DFT Methods
Authors: Boukhvalov Danil W. , Dreyer Daniel R. , Bielawski Christopher W. , Son Young‐Woo 
Published: July 2012

AbstractHerein we describe a computational study undertaken in an effort to elucidate the reaction mechanisms behind the experimentally observed oxidations and hydrations catalyzed by graphene oxide (GO). We used the oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde as a model reaction and DFT calculations revealed that the reaction occurred via the transfer of hydrogen atoms from the organic molecule to the GO surface. In particular, neighboring epoxide groups that decorate the GO basal plane were ring‐opened, which resulted in the formation of diols, followed by dehydration. Our calculations were consistent with the experimentally observed dependence of this chemistry on molecular oxygen, and revealed that the partially reduced catalyst was able to be recharged by molecular oxygen, which allows for catalyst turnover. Functional group‐free carbon materials, such as graphite, were calculated as having substantially higher reaction barriers, which indicates that the high chemical potential and rich functionality of GO are necessary for the observed reactivity.
A Computational Approach to Tuning the Photochemistry of Platinum(IV) Anticancer Agents
Authors: Tai Hui‐Chung , Zhao Yao , Farrer Nicola J. , Anastasi Anna E. , Clarkson Guy , Sadler Peter J. , Deeth Robert J. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractDiazido PtIV complexes are inert stable prodrugs that can be photoactivated to produce PtII species with promising anticancer activity. Our studies of the photochemistry of PtIV complexes, [Pt(X)2(Y)2(Z)2]0/−1 (X=N‐ligands (NH3, pyridine, etc.)/S(CH3)2/H−, Y=(pseudo)halogen (N3−, I−), Z=OR−, R=H, Ac) by time‐dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) show close agreement with spectroscopic data. Broad exploration of cis/trans geometries, trans influences, the nature of the OR− and (pseudo)halogen ligands, electron‐withdrawing/donating/delocalising substituents on the N‐ligands, and intramolecular H bonds shows that: 1) the design of platinum(IV) complexes with intense bands shifted towards longer wavelengths (from 289 to ∼330 nm) can be achieved by introducing intramolecular H bonds involving the OH ligands and 2‐hydroxyquinoline or by iodido ligands; 2) mesomeric electron‐withdrawing substituents on pyridine result in low‐energy absorption with significant intensity in the visible region; and 3) the distinct makeup of the molecular orbitals involved in the electronic transitions for cis/trans‐{Pt(N3)2} isomers results in different photoproducts. In general, the comparison of the optimised geometries shows that PtIV complexes with longer PtL bonds are more likely to undergo photoreduction with longer‐wavelength light. The novel complex trans,trans,trans‐[Pt(N3)2(OH)2(NH3)(4‐nitropyridine)] with predicted absorption in the visible region has been synthesised. The experimental UV/Vis spectrum in aqueous solution correlates well with the intense band in the computed spectrum, whereas the overlay in the low‐energy region can be improved by a solvent model. This combined computational and experimental study shows that TDDFT can be used to tune the coordination environment for optimising photoactive PtIV compounds as anticancer agents.
Highly Enantioselective Iridium‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of α,β‐Unsaturated Esters
Authors: Li Jia‐Qi , Quan Xu , Andersson Pher G. 
Published: July 2012

Abstractα,β‐Unsaturated esters have been employed as substrates in iridium‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation. Full conversions and good to excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99 % ee) were obtained for a broad range of substrates with both aromatic‐ and aliphatic substituents on the prochiral carbon. The hydrogenated products are highly useful as building blocks in the synthesis of a variety of natural products and pharmaceuticals.
Sequential Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) model discrimination
Authors: Masoumi Samira , Duever Thomas A. , Reilly Park M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn this paper a new approach to model discrimination is presented that takes advantage of Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods. It combines an experimental criterion first proposed by Roth (Roth, Design of Experiments for Discrimination Among rival Models, PhD, Thesis, Princeton University, New Jersey, USA, 1965) with an adaptation of a model selection method described by Chib and Jeliazkov [Chib and Jeliazkov, Stat. Neerl. 59, 30–44 (2005)], which uses an Acceptance–Rejection Metropolis–Hastings algorithm to evaluate the model marginal likelihood thus enabling the calculation of model posterior probabilities. It does so without requiring any linearisation of nonlinear models. In designing model discrimination experiments using the Roth criterion, MCMC methods are again used to find the mean of the predicted values by integrating over the entire parameter probability density function. The method is illustrated using the well‐known chemical reaction kinetics example first discussed by Box and Hill [Box and Hill, Technometrics 9, 57–71 (1967)]. The results indicate that the method is very successful in identifying the correct model. Higher error levels and more complex kinetics require on average more model discrimination experiments. © 2012 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Modelling and optimisation of continuous catalytic regeneration process using bee colony algorithm
Authors: Sa'idi Majid , Mostoufi Navid , Sotudeh‐Gharebagh Rahmat 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe continuous catalytic regeneration (CCR) reforming process optimisation leads to nonlinear programming with nonlinear quality constraints such as octane number and coke concentration on the catalytic particles. A typical CCR reforming process consists of four reactors with recycle. The reaction patterns and reactors have been mathematically modelled on a base of 12‐lumped kinetics reaction network derived from literature. The bee colony optimisation (BCO) algorithm is one of the most recent and efficient swarm intelligence‐based algorithms which simulates the foraging behaviour of honey bee colonies. The performance of the BCO algorithm in the process optimisation was compared with the genetic algorithm (GA). In the present work, BCO algorithm was used for optimising the CCR reforming process. The results show that the BCO algorithm reaches a better optimum point in a lower evaluation time and higher convergence rate with respect to the GA. © 2012 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
A cell population that strongly expresses the CB1 cannabinoid receptor in the ependyma of the rat spinal cord
Authors: Garcia‐Ovejero Daniel , Arevalo‐Martin Angel , Paniagua‐Torija Beatriz , Sierra‐Palomares Yolanda , Molina‐Holgado Eduardo 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe cells surrounding the central canal of the spinal cord are a source of stem/precursor cells that may give rise to neurons, astrocytes, or oligodendrocytes. However, they are a heterogeneous population that remains poorly understood. Here we describe a subpopulation characterized by their strong expression of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor, oval/round soma, apical nucleus, a variable number of cilia (0, 1, or 2), and the presence of a single short and occasionally ramified basal process. These cells are mainly located in the lateral and dorsal central canal throughout the spinal cord. These CB cells are closely related to the basal lamina labyrinths or fractones derived from subependymal microglia. In addition, CB cells express some stem/precursor cell markers, including vimentin, nestin, Sox2, Sox9, and GLAST, but not others such as CD15 or GFAP. In addition, this cell population does not proliferate in the intact adult spinal cord, although up to 50% of these cells express the proliferation marker Ki67 in newly born rats or after a spinal cord contusion. The present findings contribute to our understanding of the spinal cord central canal structure and reveal the targets for endocannabinoids inside this neurogenic niche. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:233–251, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nuclear receptor COUP‐TFII‐expressing neocortical interneurons are derived from the medial and lateral/caudal ganglionic eminence and define specific subsets of mature interneurons
Authors: Cai Yuqun , Zhang Qiangqiang , Wang Congmin , Zhang Yue , Ma Tong , Zhou Xing , Tian Miao , Rubenstein John L.R. , Yang Zhengang 
Published: July 2012

AbstractNeocortical GABAergic interneurons in rodents originate from subpallial progenitor zones. The majority of mouse neocortical interneurons are derived from the medial and caudal ganglionic eminences (MGE and CGE, respectively) and the preoptic area (POA). It is controversial whether the lateral ganglionic eminence (LGE) also generates neocortical interneurons. Previously it was shown that the transcription factor COUP‐TFII is expressed in the CGE; here we show that COUP‐TFII is also expressed in the dorsal MGE, dorsal LGE (dMGE and dLGE, respectively), and POA. In the adult neocortex, COUP‐TFII+/somatostatin (SOM)+ interneurons are mainly located in layer V. Using a genetic fate‐mapping approach (Shh‐Cre and Nkx2.1‐Cre), we demonstrate that the POA and ventral MGE do not give rise to COUP‐TFII+ neocortical interneurons, suggesting that the dMGE is the source of COUP‐TFII+/SOM+ neocortical interneurons. We also observed a migratory stream of COUP‐TFII+/Sp8+ cells emanating from the dLGE and CGE to the neocortex mainly through the subventricular zone at later embryonic stages. Slice culture experiments in which dLGE progenitors were labeled with BrdU provided additional evidence that the dLGE generates neocortical interneurons. While earlier‐born dMGE‐derived COUP‐TFII+ interneurons occupy cortical layer V, later‐born dLGE‐ and CGE‐derived COUP‐TFII+ ones preferentially occupy superficial cortical layers. A similar laminar distribution was observed following neonatal transplantation of embryonic day (E)14.5 dMGE and E15.5 dLGE. These results provide novel information about interneuron fate and position from spatially and temporally distinct origins in the ganglionic eminences. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:479–497, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Growth of PtRu Clusters on Ru(0001)‐Supported Monolayer Graphene Films
Authors: Engstfeld Albert K. , Beckord Stephan , Lorenz Christoph D. , Behm R. Jürgen 
Published: July 2012

AbstractWe report on results of a detailed scanning tunnelling microscopy study on the formation, size and size distribution, and internal structure of small bimetallic PtRu clusters on a graphene monolayer film supported on a Ru(0001) substrate. These clusters, with sizes around ∼15 (Ru) or ∼40 (Pt) atoms per cluster at the lowest coverage, are interesting model systems for the catalytic behaviour of small metal PtRu particles, for example for application in electrocatalytic oxidation reactions. The clusters were generated by sequential deposition of the two metals at room temperature. The data reveal a distinct influence of the deposition sequence on the cluster formation process, with Ru pre‐deposition followed by Pt deposition leading to predominantly bimetallic clusters, possibly with a core–shell‐type structure, while the reverse sequence results in co‐existent mono‐ and bimetallic clusters, where the latter are likely to intermix at the interface. The observations are related to the nucleation process of the respective metals on the templated surface, and the 2D growth behaviour of the two metals.
Synthesis and Mechanical Properties of Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Materials from Lignin and Polysiloxanes
Authors: Lippach Andreas K. W. , Krämer Ramona , Hansen Michael R. , Roos Stephan , Stöwe Klaus , Stommel Markus , Wenz Gerhard , Maier Wilhelm F. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe preparation of silica‐containing organic–inorganic hybrid materials composed of kraft lignin, alkoxysilanes, and organic linkers was investigated. 3‐Glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3‐(triethoxysilyl)propylisocyanate (IPTES), and bis(trimethoxysilyl)hexane were selected as the most promising linkers. The best materials obtained showed improved mechanical and thermal properties compared with lignin itself. The reaction of the hydroxyl groups with IPTES and the sol–gel reaction between the organic linker molecules were studied by attenuated total reflectance FTIR and solid‐state 29Si magic‐angle spinning NMR spectroscopy. The homogeneous composition was demonstrated by electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy mapping. The mechanical properties were investigated by microindentation and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis.
Delay statistics of cooperative automatic repeat request over wireless networks with link adaptation
Authors: Liu Yanli , Huang Shengye , Chen Chun 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYThis paper proposes a method to analyze the delay distribution at the transmitter side for cooperative diversity wireless networks with link adaptation, which uses decode‐and‐forward as a relay strategy. The equivalent end‐to‐end channel model is captured by a finite state Markov channel model representing the multiple states of the Nakagami fading channel, and the delay statistics are obtained by using matrix geometry method. Cooperative diversity wireless network has a better delay performance compared with noncooperation wireless network. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.