bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collaborative Issues in Language Variation Documentaries
Authors: Wolfram Walt 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDocumentaries about language variation create a unique opportunity for linguists to collaborate with communities and producers in the representation of community language. At the same time, they present a series of challenges that extend from the selection of speakers who represent the community to the final editing decisions that ultimately reflect the producer’s interpretation of the subject matter. Productive collaboration involves input from the community in the conceptualization, the collection of footage, and the editing process. At the same time, producers, linguists, and community members may bring to the project different perspectives on language, different goals for the documentary, and different areas of knowledge and expertise that need to be accommodated. Linguists, producers, and the community can enable the collaborative base through adopting a set of strategies that include the selection of different community voices, restricted narration, limited use of outside experts, transparency in representing the recording process, and positive cultural framing of the community.
Unsustainable Urbanism? Cities, Climate Change and Resource Depletion: A Liverpool Case Study
Authors: North Peter 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper brings together geographical debates about how responses to climate change and to the depletion of ecosystem resources can be balanced with the need to ensure that our cities are vibrant, inclusive and economically successful places. The paper uses Liverpool, UK as prism through which to review changing conceptualisations about how to make vibrant cities, bringing together a review of the city’s recent past with a discussion of contemporary discussions about how the city could move to a low carbon future under which CO2‐equivalent emissions are 80% lower than today by 2050. A key issue is to explore the unsustainability of current accepted paradigms for local economic development, and, in this context, to examine how behaviour and practices at one time seen as normal might be seen as pathological by future generations as conceptions of what is seen as ‘acceptable’ and ‘humane’ change.
China’s South‐to‐North Water Transfer Project: Is it Needed?
Authors: He Chansheng , He Xiaoying , Fu Li 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChina has started the construction of the South‐to‐North Water Transfer Project (SNWTP; its magnitude is even greater than the Three Gorges Dam Project), to deliver about 45 billion m3 of water from the Yangtze River to the water starving North China Plain. Is the project needed given the multiple socioeconomic, engineering, and environmental challenges and controversies it is facing and the effects of demand management programs China has been implementing in recent years? This article, through the analysis of the water shortage problems in the North China Plain and the Yellow River basin, demonstrates that considering China’s current economic base, technological capacity, and income levels, the SNWTP, while facing multiple challenges, is still needed to relieve the water deficit problems in the North China Plain. However, the SNWTP is only a partial solution to North China’s chronic water shortage problem. China should continue to actively implement and enforce its demand management programs nationwide to ensure that its limited fresh water resources are used to meet the multiple needs of human societies and ecosystems in a socially responsible, economically viable, and environmentally sustainable way.
Small‐Scale Remotely Piloted Vehicles in Environmental Research
Authors: Hardin Perry J. , Hardin Thomas J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSmall‐scale remotely piloted vehicles (RPVs) have been experimentally used in environmental fieldwork. They have found employment in range management, forestry, wildlife studies, crop monitoring, marine investigations, and aerobiological sampling. The advantages of small‐scale RPVs include pilot safety, fast data turnaround time, low capital and per‐flight costs, ease in flight planning, quick response for targets of opportunity, and the potential to gather ultrahigh resolution pictures in situations where in situ data gathering is impossible. Significant limitations of small‐scale RPVs include their low stability as photographic platforms; short flight times, airframe fragility, the paucity of sensor packages available, and the difficulties involved integrating pilot‐assist flight navigation systems. Further development is required before small‐scale RPVs will be accepted as mainstream tools for environmental monitoring. Besides discovering and validating environmental applications of the technology, this work includes the design of inexpensive lightweight sensor packages for environmental tasks and the improvement of image processing algorithms to interpret, rectify, and manage RPV imagery.
Trapping sheep blowflies using bait‐bins
Authors: Anderson JME , Mcleod LJ , Shipp E. , Swan A. , Kennedy JP 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYA bait‐bin designed to attract and kill sheep blowflies is described. It is composed of a garbage bin plus lid, attractant and insecticide‐treated offal. Fly entry holes are covered with differentiator wire to increase selectivity of kill. Placing bait‐bins in preferred habitats of blowflies to optimise kill is outlined and temporal insecticide strategies to increase effectiveness of kill and reduce blowfly resistance are suggested.Preliminary data supporting the effectiveness of bait‐bins in reducing blowfly numbers and flystrike in combination with good management practices to reduce sheep susceptibility to flystrike in the arid zone of New South Wales are presented and cost‐effectiveness of bait‐bins is analysed.
Coaction of Sub‐band and Doped Nitrogen on Visible Light Photoactivity of N‐Doped TiO2
Authors: Feng Caixia , Jin Zhensheng , Zhang Jingwei , Wu Zhishen , Zhang Zhijun 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe found in our previous work that the high photoactivity of N‐doped TiO2 for the oxidation of propylene under visible light was attributed to the photoactive center Vo•‐NO‐Ti and the formation of sub‐band originated from a large amount of single‐electron‐trapped oxygen vacancies (denoted as Vo•; C. X. Feng, Y. Wang, Z. S. Jin, J. W. Zhang, S. L. Zhang, Z. S. Wu, Z. J. Zhang [2008], New J. Chem. 32, 1038). In the present study, the structure of the sub‐band within Eg of a representative sample N‐NTA‐400 was investigated by means of photoluminescence (PL) spectrometry and ultraviolet‐visible light‐near infrared diffuse reflectance spectra. The coaction of the sub‐band and doped nitrogen on visible light photocatalytic activity of N‐doped TiO2 was also investigated. The electron spin resonance spectra measured under laser irradiation (λ = 532 nm) indicate that the doped nitrogen may contribute to stabilize the trapping electron center, i.e. surface oxygen vacancy (Vo••), and hence suppress the PL, enhancing the photocatalytic activity.
The DSM‐IV version of schizophrenia may be harmful to patients' health
Authors: McGlashan Thomas H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe DSM‐III, III‐R and DSM‐IV diagnostic systems required deterioration (functional loss) and duration (6 months) in the diagnosis of schizophrenia. These criteria made schizophrenia exceptional to an otherwise phenomenologically‐based nosology, but their inclusion represented an effort to disentangle the diagnosis of schizophrenia from considerable historical baggage. Newer findings about the efforts of early detection and intervention in schizophrenia, however, are now calling into question the validity, utility and even the safety of these decisions. This communication will review the original reasons for including deterioration and duration as criteria. It will then argue that these reasons are now obsolete and potentially anti‐therapeutic, and that a revised set of cross‐sectional phenomenologic criteria for schizophrenia need to be utilized as soon as possible.
Magnetic resonance imaging brain activation in first‐episode bipolar mania during a response inhibition task
Authors: Strakowski Stephen M. , Adler Caleb M. , Cerullo Michael A. , Eliassen James C. , Lamy Martine , Fleck David E. , Lee Jing‐Huei , DelBello Melissa P. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAims: Impulsivity is common in bipolar disorder, especially during mania. Understanding the functional neuroanatomy of response inhibition, one component of impulsivity, might clarify the neural substrate of bipolar disorder.Methods: Sixteen DSM‐IV first‐episode, manic bipolar patients and 16 matched healthy subjects were examined during a first manic episode using functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing a response inhibition task. All subjects were studied using a 4.0 Tesla Varian Unity INOVA Whole Body MRI/MRS system. The response inhibition task was presented using non‐ferromagnetic goggles, and task performance was recorded during scan acquisition. Imaging data were analysed using analysis of functional neuroimages. Group contrasts were made for the specific response inhibition measure.Results: The groups performed the task similarly, although both demonstrated relatively poor rates of target response, but high rates of successful ‘stops’. Despite similar behavioural results, the groups showed significantly different patterns of functional magnetic resonance imaging brain activation. Specifically, during response inhibition, the healthy subjects exhibited significantly greater activation in anterior and posterior cingulate, medial dorsal thalamus, middle temporal gyrus, and precuneus. The bipolar patients exhibited prefrontal activation (BA 10) that was not observed in healthy subjects.Conclusions: Bipolar and healthy subjects exhibit different patterns of brain activation to response inhibition; these differences may reflect different functional neuroanatomic approaches to response inhibition between the two groups.
Suicidality prior to presentation in first‐episode psychosis
Authors: Foley Sharon , Jackson Deirdre , McWilliams Stephen , Renwick Laoise , Sutton Marie , Turner Niall , Kinsella Anthony , O'Callaghan Eadbhard 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIntroduction: Suicide and attempted suicide contribute significantly to the increased mortality and morbidity associated with psychotic illness. The period of highest risk is reportedly in the early years of illness. While the literature concentrates on completed suicide in chronic psychosis, less is understood about attempted suicide in first‐episode psychosis (FEP).Aim: We aimed to examine rates and correlates of suicide attempts in individuals with FEP.Method: Individuals in this study were all those, both in‐ and outpatients, diagnosed with FEP over a 2‐year period, from a defined catchment area. Assessment included Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV, Schedule for Assessment of Positive Symptoms, Schedule for Assessment of Negative Symptoms, Calgary Scale, Beiser Scale and Birchwood Insight Scale.Results: Of 107 patients with FEP, 50 (47%) individuals reported suicidal ideation: 41 (38%) in the month prior to first presentation. Ten individuals (9%) made a suicide attempt. The only factor significantly associated with previous suicide attempt was higher insight scores at first presentation (P = 0.04).Conclusion: Individuals with a history of suicide attempt tend to have higher insight into having a mental illness at first presentation.
Mental health literacy among Internet users
Authors: Lawlor Elizabeth , Breslin John G. , Renwick Laoise , Foley Sharon , Mulkerrin Una , Kinsella Anthony , Turner Niall , O'Callaghan Eadbhard 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground: Intervening early in the course of psychotic illness may improve the long‐term outcome. Early intervention requires early recognition, and one factor that influences early recognition is the level of mental health literacy (MHL) in the population.Aim: To investigate the level of MHL regarding depression and psychosis in an Irish population.Method: We invited the registered users of Ireland's most popular community website (http://www.boards.ie) to participate in an online survey. Two standardized vignettes depicting depression and psychosis were presented, and respondents were asked about what they thought the conditions were and who might be best placed to help the person. Participants were asked a series of knowledge‐based questions about psychosis.Results: Nine hundred and ninety‐eight (770 males, 228 females) people participated. Using a case vignette model, 78% and 93% of respondents correctly identified depression and psychosis/schizophrenia, respectively. However, half of the participants described schizophrenia as a ‘split personality disorder’. Neither age nor urbanicity influenced the probability of correctly identifying the diagnosis, but females and university students were more likely to correctly identify the diagnosis. More than 90% believed intervening early in psychosis is likely to improve outcome.Conclusion: The Internet users in this survey have high levels of MHL, identify appropriate pathways to care, and their views on management are consistent with evidence‐based treatments.
Comparable family burden in families of clinical high‐risk and recent‐onset psychosis patients
Authors: Wong Celine , Davidson Larry , McGlashan Thomas , Gerson Ruth , Malaspina Dolores , Corcoran Cheryl 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAim: Family burden is prevalent in psychotic disorders, but little is known about burden experienced by families of patients in early illness. In this exploratory study, we examined the extent of burden reported by families of patients during a putative prodromal period and in the aftermath of psychosis onset.Methods: Family burden was assessed in 23 family members of patients with emerging or early psychosis. The Family Experiences Interview Schedule was used to assess both objective and subjective burden. Objective burden is comprised of increased resource demands and disruption of routine. Subjective burden includes worry, anger/displeasure and resentment at objective burden.Results: Family burden was comparable for the clinical high‐risk and recent‐onset psychosis patients. Worry was as high as previously reported for more chronic patients. By contrast, there was a relative absence of displeasure/anger. Family members endorsed assisting patients in activities of daily living, although not ‘minding’ doing so, and reported little need to supervise or control patients' behaviour.Conclusions: Early in emerging psychotic illness, families report helping patients and worrying about them, but their lives are not yet disrupted and they do not have much anger or resentment. This may be an ideal time then for intervention with families, as worry may motivate help‐seeking by families.
Prospective outcome of early intervention for individuals at ultra‐high‐risk for psychosis
Authors: Shim GeumSook , Kang Do‐Hyung , Choi Jung‐Seok , Jung Myung Hun , Kwon Soo Jin , Jang Go Eun , Kwon Jun Soo 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAim: Based on previous reports of second‐generation antipsychotic agents having a beneficial effect on prodromal symptoms, we investigated the effectiveness and tolerability of atypical antipsychotic therapies in individuals at high risk for developing psychosis.Methods: We examined prodromal symptoms and functioning in individuals at ultra‐high‐risk for psychosis using an uncontrolled prospective design with pre‐ and post‐treatment measures.Results: Of the 27 subjects taking antipsychotics during the study period, 15 took part in at least one follow‐up assessment. Overall Com prehensive Assessment of At‐Risk Mental States scores significantly improved at the last evaluation point, with a medium‐size effect of Cohen's d = 0.54 (95% confidence interval, −0.02 to 1.08) (mean follow‐up period = 8.8; SD = 8.3 months). Depression and anxiety symptoms were markedly reduced, and global and social functioning also significantly improved. Of the 27 subjects, two (7.4%) converted to psychosis and 16 (59.3%) experienced at least one treatment‐emergent adverse event, but no subjects exhibited serious adverse events.Conclusions: The results of this study support treating high‐risk individuals with antipsychotics to reduce prodromal symptoms with adequate safety.
The Discovery of Phlogopite Exsolution Lamellae in Garnets of Eclogite Inclusions, Liaoning Province
Authors: Xiuzhong Zhou 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn No. 50 kimberlite pipe of Fuxian County, Liaoning Province, an eclogite inclusion (nodule), which is extremely rare in kimberlites, was discovered and phlogopite exsolution lamellae were found in garnets of the inclusion. Microscopic, TEM and energy spectral observations and studies confirmed that these lamellae are phlogopite. They are colourless and acicular in section, generally 0.5–5 μm in width and 10–100 μm in length. Nevertheless, fine lamellae, 0.05–0.1 μm wide and 1–2 μm long, are also well developed. Along [111] of the garnet, three sets of phlogopite lamellae show oriented arrangement approximately at angles of 60° −70°, indicating that these lamellae might be the product of exsolution from garnet as a result of pressure–release when eclogite ascended from the relatively deep level to the relatively shallow level of the mantle. Tiny acicular exsolution minerals (or inclusions) are commonly found in garnet and pyroxene in eclogite inclusions of kimberlites all over the world and it has been reported that the identified exsolution minerals include pyroxene and rutile. This is the first time that phlogopite exsolution lamillae were found in eclogite inclusions in the world.
Mineralization during Collisional Orogenesis and Its Control of the Distribution of Gold and Other Deposits in the Junggar Orogen, Xinjiang, China
Authors: Yanjing Chen 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe Junggar orogen, Xinjiang, China, is an important part of the Ural–Mongolian orogen. The collisional orogenesis in this region occurred primarily in the Carboniferous and Permian with an evolutional process of early compression and late extension. Mineralization of gold and other metals in the Junggar orogen occurred mainly in the Permian and in a few cases in the Late Carboniferous. The deposits are largely distributed in areas where collisional orogenesis was intensive and formed in a transitional stage from compression to extension. Therefore, gold mineralization in the Junggar orogen is fully consistent with the collisional orogenesis in time, space and geodynamic setting. This indicates that the mineral deposit model of collisional orogenesis is applicable to prospecting and study of ore deposits in the Junggar orogen. Furthermore, the factual distribution of gold and other deposits in this region is just the same as the collisional orogenic model presents.
Lake Sequence Stratigraphy of the Shahejie Formation in the Zhanhua Hollow, Shandong Province
Authors: Liuqi Wang , Zaixing Jiang , Yingchang Cao , Wentao Han , Jing Wu 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTwo sequences can be identified in the sedimentary strata of the lower Tertiary Shahejie Formation in the Zhanhua hollow. The lowstand, lake–transgressive and highstand systems tracts were formed under the control of ancient structure, palaeotopography, palaeoclimate, sediment supply, marine–transgression, and so on. In the paper the authors present a composite sequence stratigraphical section of the Shahejie Formation in this area, and expound the boundaries of parasequences, parasequences set and systems tracts and evolutions of lake sequence stratigraphy and sedimentology and discuss various factors controlling the lake level fluctuation. The differences between lake and marine sequence stratigraphy are also indicated in the paper. The lake sequence stratigraphical study should be based on a synthetic analysis of structural evolution, palaeomagnetism, palaeoclimatic changes, geological well logs, seismic and logging data, palaeontological data, global sea level changes, and so on. The sequence stratigraphical evolution is closely related to the formation, development and elimination of the whole basin and the sedimentary process.
Tectonic Evolution of the Himalayan Collision Belt
Authors: Junwen Cui 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper discusses the tectonic divisions of the Himalayan collision belt and deals with the tectonic evolution of the collision belt in the context of crustal accretion in the front of the collision belt, deep diapirism and thermal–uplift extension and deep material flowing of the lithosphere — backflowing. Finally it proposes a model of the tectonic evolution progressive intracontinental deformation model — of the Himalayan belt.
REE Geochemistry of VMS and SEDEX Ores in China
Authors: Xuexin Song , Qingsheng Xu , Yuemin Guo , Xueying Mao , Hong Ouyang 
Published: September 2010

AbstractREE ratios and patterns for massive pyrite ore and massive cuprous pyrite ore of the Baiyinchang orefield are quite similar to those for quartz keratophyritic tuff and quartz albitophyre of the same orefield. However, massive cuprous pyrite ore of the Ashele Cu–Zn deposit is similar to basalt–diabase of the same district in REE geochemistry. Comparison of the Chinese VMS ores with those from Rio Tinto, Spain and Que River, Australia, in REE geochemistry has been made. REE ratios and patterns of bedded–massive and massive ores of the Changba–Lijiagou Zn–Pb deposit, the second largest SEDEX deposit in China are similar to those of their host rocks, the Qinling shales of Devonian age and the Changba adamellite. The three types of ore and their host rocks of the Dongshengmiao pyrite (pyrrhotite)–Zn–Pb deposit have parallel REE ratios and patterns.
Isotope Tracing and Prospecting Assessment of Gold–Silver Deposits in Zhejiang Province
Authors: Haoshou Chen , Butai Xu 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThree different types of gold and silver deposits in Zhejiang Province (Huangshan gold deposit, Zhilingtou gold–silver deposit and Haoshi silver deposit) show marked differences in lead and strontium isotopic composition, suggesting three different sources and geneses of these deposits. The Huangshan gold deposit features low initial Sr isotope ratios and low μ values or low content of radiogenic Pb and its ore–forming materials came primarily from the upper mantle; the Zhilingtou gold–silver deposit shows high initial Sr isotope ratios and high μ values or high content of radiogenic Pb and the ore–forming materials were derived mainly from the upper crust; and the Haoshi silver deposit has its Pb and Sr isotope ratios between the above two cases with the ore—forming materials stemming from both the mantle and the crust. The characteristic Pb isotopic composition may serve as an indicator for prospecting for different types of ore deposits.
Important Events and Chronological Framework of the Early Precambrian Granulite Terrain, Northwestern Hebei Province
Authors: Yuansheng Geng , Dunyi Liu , Biao Song 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBased on the chronological data and relevant geological evidence, the chronological framework of the major geological events of the granulite terrain in northwestern Hebei Province and its adjacent areas has been established. Basic lava eruption occurred in the span of 2868–2932 Ma, resulting in the formation of the early crust. The TTG magma emplacement took place c.2761 Ma ago. Subsequently basic magma intruded into the supracrustal rocks at 2650 Ma, resulting in crustal thickening. The thickening was enhanced at 2561–2503 Ma by the widespread intrusions of granodioritic magma. In the period of 2477–2461 Ma charnockite intruded, accompanied by regional granulite facies metamorphism. The second stage of granulite facies metamorphism occurred c. 2300 Ma ago, and finally pink granite intrusions at 2144–2087 Ma resulted in the formation of a granite zone.