bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rhamphomyia (Diptera: Empididae) From Israel
Authors: Barták Miroslav , Kubík Štěpán 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Species of the genus Rhamphomyia (Diptera: Empididae) from Israel are reviewed. Rhamphomyia (s. str.) furmani sp. n. (Israel) and Rhamphomyia (s. str.) hermonensis sp. n. (Israel) are described and illustrated. Rhamphomyia (Holoclera) tenuipesBecker, 1907; Rhamphomyia (Holoclera) biserialisCollin, 1960; and Rhamphomyia (Pararhamphomyia) intersitaCollin, 1960 are redescribed. Rhamphomyia (s. str.) sulcatella Collin, 1926 and Rhamphomyia (s. str.) karamanensisBarták, Ciftci et Hasbenli, 2007 are reported from Israel for the first time.
First Description of Immature Stages of Tribe Mayetiini: The Larva and Pupa of Mayetia pearsei (Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae: Mayetiini)
Authors: Carlton Christopher E , Watrous L E 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Approximately 9,100 species belonging to the staphylinid beetle subfamily Pselaphinae have been described based on adults, but the larvae of only 19 species and 15 genera have been described in sufficient detail for systematic study, and the pupa of only a single species has been described. Larvae of the euplectine tribe Mayetiini (152 species, all in the genus Mayetia) have not been described previously. The larva and pupa of Mayetia pearsei Schuster et al. are described herein based on two larvae, a cast exuvium, and five pupae from soil wash samples containing numerous adults of the species. Larvae are distinguished from other described larvae of pselaphines based on the following combination of characters: eversible frontal vesicle simple, sac-like, with fine, dense terminal papillae; stemmata absent; epicranial stem absent; antenna two segmented, segment two bearing unbranched, elongate, sinuate sensorium; mesothoracic spiracle with large, fusiform peritreme; abdominal spiracles absent; A9 with V-shaped, apical emargination between short, fixed urogomphi. Pupae are similar to those of the European pselaphine Plectophloeus fischeri (Aubé) in having elongate prothoracic setate processes and spinose tubercles covering the antennae. The pupal description may represent the smallest coleopteran pupa described to date. Larvae and pupae of M. pearsei were found during July and August, whereas adults were found July-October in loamy sand in the floodplain of the Meramec River, Crawford County, MO.
Competition and Intraguild Predation Among Three Species of Coccinellids (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
Authors: Moser Susan E , Obrycki John J 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
The establishment of exotic coccinellid species may be related to the decline in native coccinellid species within the United States. Coccinellids may interact indirectly by competing for shared resources and directly through intraguild predation. Prior studies have examined pairwise interactions among species and although several coccinellid species typically co-exist within habitats, multi-species interactions have rarely been investigated. To examine how aphid prey levels influence interspecific interactions among a multispecies assemblage, the exotic coccinellids, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) and Coccinella septempunctata (L.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), and a native coccinellid species, Coleomegilla maculata (DeGeer) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), were paired or placed in groups containing three heterospecific larvae and fed 2.4, 12.0, or 24.0 mg of aphids per larva daily. Larval survival, developmental time, and adult weight of individuals were measured. Greater amounts of prey typically resulted in increased adult weights and shorter developmental times. When Coleomegilla maculata and Coccinella septempunctata were paired, Coleomegilla maculata had higher survival rates at low prey levels and Coccinella septempunctata had higher survival at mid- and high prey levels. When the three species were combined, Coccinella septempunctata and Coleomegilla maculata had similar survival rates (17%) at low prey levels; at mid- and high prey levels, Coccinella septempunctata survival increased (58–88%), but Coleomegilla maculata survival remained similar (17–21%). Survival of H. axyridis was not affected by competitors. Even though intraguild predation occurs among these species, the responses to competitors varied based on prey level, coccinellid species, and the number of interacting larvae.
Effect of Prey Availability on Development and Reproduction of the Predatory Lacewing Dichochrysa prasina (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)
Authors: Pappas M L , Broufas G D , Koveos D S 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Preimaginal development and reproduction of the predatory lacewing Dichochrysa prasina Burmeister (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) when its larvae had access at different nymphal numbers of the aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) were studied under laboratory conditions at 25 ± 1°C and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) h. Preimaginal development decreased from 46.0 to 31.6 d for females and from 41.4 to 31.5 d for males, with an increase in the number of available aphids from five to 110 nymphs of M. persicae per larva of D. prasina. Preimaginal survival ranged from 55.8% at the lowest to 86.0% at the highest aphid numbers. Prey consumption by D. prasina larvae increased with an increase in aphid numbers, with the third instar being the most voracious. Longevity of D. prasina females ranged from 38.2 to 54.5 d, and total egg production ranged from 59.2 to 369.7 eggs per female at the lowest and highest prey numbers tested, respectively. The estimated values for the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) were affected by prey availability and the highest rm (0.0838) was recorded at the highest prey number tested. Based on the results of the current study, it is likely that D. prasina can develop and reproduce either at high or low density aphid populations in the field, and effectively suppress them.
Biology and Co-Occurrence of Psyllobora vigintimaculata taedata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and Powdery Mildews in an Urban Landscape of California
Authors: Sutherland Andrew M , Parrella M P 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Biological control of powdery mildew (PM) plant pathogens may offer a solution to chemical control problems such as resistance, worker safety, and effects on nontarget organisms. Unfortunately, mildew consumption by arthropods is seldom studied and poorly understood. The coccinellid tribe Halyziini is composed entirely of obligate consumers of various PM fungi and is represented in the Western Hemisphere by members of the genus Psyllobora Chevrolat. In western North America Psyllobora vigintimaculata Say feeds on PM in natural and managed systems. Here, we report the insect's biology and phenology through the use of a laboratory colony, rectangular degree-day calculation and field sampling in an urban landscape. The natural presence of this beetle in Davis, CA, has been documented over the course of 2 yr through weekly presence-absence and density sampling of native and exotic plants prone to PM. Sampling data indicates activity from late February through mid-December. The insect was observed feeding on the PM of &gt;25 plant species in 13 different plant families. There is a positive relationship between PM severity and the relative density of insects, suggesting an aggregative numerical response. The potential of P. vigintimaculata for biological control and the possibility of using this insect as an indicator of PM in horticultural systems are both discussed.
Changes in Composition of Culturable Bacteria Community in the Gut of the Formosan Subterranean Termite Depending on Rearing Conditions of the Host
Authors: Husseneder C , Berestecky J M , Grace J K 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
The hindgut of feeding termites that feed on wood and litter contains a diverse population of bacteria and protists that contribute to the carbon, nitrogen, and energy requirements of the termite. For understanding the ecological balance in the termite gut, detailed knowledge about the composition of the microbial gut flora is imperative, i.e., the numbers and relative proportions of the microbial taxa and the variability in the microbial composition among different termite colonies and living conditions of termites should be described. Therefore, we isolated and enumerated eight bacterial morphotypes from the gut of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki. Five morphotypes (three isolates of lactic acid bacteria, isolates of the family Enterobacteriaceae and isolates belonging to the genus Dysgonomonas) were found frequently in all termite colonies. Three additional morphotypes were found sporadically and were considered to be transient flora. We compared the proportions of the three lactic acid bacteria isolates and the Enterobacteriaceae among three different termite colonies. Furthermore, we investigated the shift in proportions of these four major morphotypes depending on whether bacteria were isolated from freshly collected termites or from termites reared in the laboratory under seminatural conditions (in arenas on wood) or artificial conditions (in petri dishes on filter paper). Differences in the culturable microbial composition were not significant among termite colonies, or between field-collected termites and termites reared under seminatural conditions in the laboratory. However, we found significant shifts in the microbial composition between field-collected termites and termites reared on filter paper.
Biology and Life History of Argopistes tsekooni (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in China, a Promising Biological Control Agent of Chinese Privet
Authors: Zhang Yanzhuo , Sun Jianghua , Hanula James L 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
The biology and life history of Argopistes tsekooni Chen (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a potential biological control agent of Chinese privet, Ligustrum sinense Lour., was studied under laboratory and outdoor conditions in Huangshan City of Anhui Province, China, in 2006. A. tsekooni larvae are leafminers that undergo three instars. The first two instars feed exclusively within the leaf. The third instar feeds within the leaf until larval development is complete and then falls to the ground where it burrows into the soil to pupate. Larval development is completed within a single mine. Adult A. tsekooni is also a foliage feeder, consuming 8.32 ± 0.96 mm2 of privet leaf per day. A female lays an average of 27.8 ± 5.4 eggs within 30 d. A. tsekooni overwinters as an adult and had three overlapped generations in Anhui Province, an area similar in climate to Atlanta, GA. Biological attributes of A. tsekooni, such as high damage levels caused by larvae and adults and multiple overlapping generations per year, suggest that this flea beetle is a good candidate for biological control of Chinese privet in the United States.
Behavioral Response of Mantid Hierodula patellifera to Wind as an Antipredator Strategy
Authors: Watanabe H , Yano E 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that the mantid Hierodula patellifera (Serville) sways its body to mimic trembling leaves in the wind as an antipredator strategy. In the field, walking and bodyswaying behavior were observed more frequently when the wind blew harder; mantids began walking and swaying as wind velocity increased. In the laboratory, walking and swaying behavior were observed more frequently under windy than under windless conditions, and mantids walked and swayed more frequently when wind velocity was variable than under constant velocity conditions. The discovery rate of the prey mantids by predators was significantly lower on swaying leaves than on fixed leaves. Our results thus indicate that mantids responded actively to wind, and we suggest that walking and body-swaying behaviors are adaptive in reducing the risk of predation.
Antennal Sensilla ofTamarixia radiata(Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a Parasitoid ofDiaphorina citri(Hemiptera: Psyllidae)
Authors: Onagbola Ebenezer O , Boina Dhana Raj , Hermann Sara L , Stelinski Lukasz L 
Published: May 2009

AbstractTamarixia radiata (Waterston) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is an effective idiobiont ectoparasitoid of the psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), vector of the huanglongbing (citrus greening disease) pathogen. We examined the external and functional morphology of the antennal sensilla of adult male and female T. radiata by using scanning and transmission electron microscopy, respectively, to gain insights into the behavioral ecology of this parasitoid. The geniculate antennae of male and female T. radiata were composed of a long scapula-shaped scape with a basal radicula, a barrel-shaped pedicel, and a long flagellum with a basal ring-like annulus. Five morphologically distinct sensilla, including two types of aporous trichoid sensilla (AST-1 and AST-2), one multiporous trichoid sensillum (MST), one multiporous placoid sensillum (MPS), and one aporous basiconic capitate peg sensillum were identified on the antennae of both sexes. The antennal structures of T. radiata were sexually dimorphic. Male antennae consisted of four funicular flagellomeres and possessed a greater number of olfactory MST than female antennae, suggesting their possible function in perception of mate-related volatile cues. Female antennae were characterized by three funicular flagellomeres and a greater number of MPS than male antennae, suggesting their possible function in the perception of host-related volatile cues. The results are discussed in relation to plausible roles of the identified sensilla in mate and host location by this important parasitoid species.
Vibrational Communication Between the Sexes in Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae)
Authors: Wenninger Erik J , Hall David G , Mankin Richard W 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
We examined the substrate-borne vibrational signals used in communication between the sexes in Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), a vector of huanglongbing (an economically devastating disease of citrus), in an anechoic chamber and an olfactometer. Males and females both primarily produced simple, low-amplitude vibrational signals at multiples of 170-250 Hz, ranging in duration from 140 to 700 ms. The vibrational frequencies of males and females were negatively correlated with mass, but the correlation was statistically significant only for males. Females replied to male calls within an interval of 0.3-1.2 s. Such signals are within the ranges of signals observed for other psyllids. Female-female interactions were occasionally observed. Intervals between male calls were not significantly different whether or not females replied. In an olfactometer, calling rate did not differ between virgin males exposed to odors from virgin females on citrus versus those exposed only to clean air. However, the latent period for initialization of calling was significantly shorter for males exposed to clean air, suggesting that in the absence of olfactory cues psyllids might be more inclined to use acoustic signals to communicate with conspecifics. Moreover, calling rate and latency to initialization of calling were positively and negatively correlated, respectively, with male age, suggesting that males are more likely to call the longer they remain unmated.
Floral Characteristics of Ficus curtipes and the Oviposition Behavior of Its Pollinator Fig Wasp
Authors: Zhang F P , Peng Y Q , Compton S G , Yang D R 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Fig wasps (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae) can only develop inside the fruit (figs) of fig trees (Moraceae; Ficus spp.). Figs are hollow, rounded structures lined on the inside by numerous tiny flowers. To lay their eggs, female fig wasps enter the figs and typically walk around on a platform of stigmas (synstigma) from which they insert their ovipositors through the stigmas and down the styles before reaching the ovules, where they oviposit. Previous studies have described fig wasp oviposition behavior in those Ficus species with a synstigma and have related ovipositor lengths to style lengths accordingly. Here, we show that this oviposition pattern is not universal within Ficus and that variation in fig architecture leads to the modification of oviposition behavior. Figs of the monoecious Asian fig tree F. curtipes and relatives (subsection Conosycea) lack a synstigma, which is replaced by an irregular mass of elongate stigmas. The ovipositor of the pollinator Eupristina sp. is sufficiently long to reach all the ovules. Despite this, and unlike other fig wasps, they do not oviposit via the top of the stigmas, but insert their ovipositors through the stigmal bases. Oviposition behavior in fig wasps is therefore responsive to variation in floral structure within their host figs.
Sex Pheromone Investigation of Anastrepha serpentina (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Robacker David C , Aluja Martin , Cossé Allard A , Sacchetti Patrizia 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Attraction of virgin female Anastrepha serpentine Wiedemann (Diptera: Tephritidae) to the odor of calling males was demonstrated. This sex pheromone-mediated attraction occurred during the latter half of a 13-h photophase but not during the first half of the day. Two major components of emissions of calling males, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine (DMP) and 3,6-dihydro-2,5-dimethylpyrazine (DHDMP), and trimethylpyrazine (TMP), a minor component, were tested for pheromonal activity. DMP and TMP elicited antennal responses using electroantennogram assays, but no response was observed for DHDMP. DMP and combinations of DMP and TMP were not attractive in laboratory bioassays. Bioassays of DHDMP were complicated by its instability making purification of the compound unfeasible. Bioassays of DHDMP in unpurified form were further complicated by the presence of reaction byproducts and unreacted reagent in crude preparations of the DHDMP. However, statistical analysis indicated that combinations of 100–500 ng of DHDMP in mixtures with DMP as the major component elicited attraction in laboratory bioassays with sexually active female flies. Taking into account all of the data, we could not conclude that any of the chemicals emitted by males are pheromones, but based on female fly responses to mixtures of DHDMP and DMP, this is the most likely scenario.
Researching a Best-Practice End-of-Life Care Model for Canada
Authors: Wilson Donna M. , Birch Stephen , Sheps Sam , Thomas Roger , Justice Christopher , MacLeod Rod 
Published: May 2009

RÉSUMÉDe nos jours, la majorité des 220 000 Canadiens qui meurent chaque année, principalement de vieillesse ou des suites de problèmes de santé dégénératifs, n'ont pas accès à des centres de soins palliatifs ou spécialisés en fin de vie. Les programmes de soins palliatifs et d'hospices sont inégalement répartis au Canada, la plupart n'ont qu'une faible capacité de services, et ces services varient considérablement d'un programme à l'autre. Les services de fin de vie sont « les services qui permettent aux familles et aux amis d'aider une personne en phase terminale à vivre ses dernières semaines, ainsi que des services de soutien aux personnes en deuil. » Bien que des services de santé et des services sociaux soient disponibles, la plupart des Canadiens en phase terminale n'ont pas facilement accès à un ensemble complet de services qui pourraient les aider à traverser cette période difficile. La plupart risquent donc d'être soumis en fin de vie à des soins non coordonnés et potentiellement inadéquats. Les personnes en phase terminale sont les plus vulnérables de toutes. Le passage de la vie à la mort est souvent difficile en raison des défis émotionnels et physiques que cela engendre. Bien que le soutien des parents et des amis soit irremplaçable, les soins de fin de vie constituent une obligation publique importante.Un projet de recherche de synthèse a été mené dans le but de déterminer un modèle des meilleures pratiques de prestation de soins de fin de vie qui favoriserait la coordination et l'intégration de ces soins au Canada. Par le truchement de visites, d'analyses documentaires, de sondages sur le web, et d'une analyse des données sur les soins à domicile, quatre éléments essentiels d'un modèle intégrant les meilleures pratiques en matière de soins en fin de vie au Canada ont été dégagés: 1) universalité, 2) coordination des soins, 3) accès assuré à un vaste éventail de soins de vie de base et spécialisés, et 4) assurance de services de fin de vie peu importe où les soins sont prodigués. Le présent modèle est proposé comme guide pour l'établissement de soins intégrés de fin de vie au Canada.
Perceiving Falls within a Family Context: A Focused Ethnographic Approach
Authors: Kilian Christine , Salmoni Alan , Ward-Griffin Catherine , Kloseck Marita 
Published: May 2009

RÉSUMÉLa présente recherche visait à examiner les perceptions de risque des aînés et de leurs enfants adultes en ce qui a trait aux chutes. Nous avons utilisé une méthode ethnographique ciblée et soumis à une entrevue approfondie aînés et enfants adultes. L'analyse thématique a été effectuée afin de déterminer les thèmes à l'intérieur des groupes et de comparer les points de vue des aînés et des enfants adultes. Les résultats ont fait ressortir les différences dans les perceptions et les méthodes d'interaction entre les aînés et leurs enfants adultes. Trois méthodes avaient été adoptées par ces familles, articulées autour des personnes dont les actions étaient dominantes:Actions des parents, Actions partagées, etActions cachées des enfants. Les résultats soulignaient l'importance accordée par les aînés à l'indépendance et l'effet des relations familiales multiples prenant des mesures pour éviter les chutes. La présente étude souligne l'importance d'inclure des points de vue multiples de la famille lors de la recherche portant sur la prévention des blessures chez les aînés.
The Care Needs of Community-Dwelling Seniors Suffering from Advanced Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Wilson Donna M. , Ross Carolyn , Goodridge Donna , Davis Penny , Landreville Alison , Roebuck Kim 
Published: May 2009

RÉSUMÉBut: La présente étude visait à déterminer les besoins en matière de soins de santé des aînés du Canada vivant à domicile et souffrant de maladie pulmonaire obstructive chronique (MPOC) avancée.Données générales: La MPOC est l'une des principales causes de morbidité et de mortalité dans le monde. Bien qu'il soit courant qu'une personne soit hospitalisée lors de l'exacerbation d'un processus morbide et qu'elle ait besoin de soins en phase terminale, la plupart des personnes souffrant de MPOC passent toute leur vie dan la communauté. On sait peu de choses sur les besoins en soins de santé de cette importante population.Méthodes: La présente étude reposait sur le protocole de recherche: «Quels sont, en matière de soins de santé et de priorités, les besoins et les priorités des aînés souffrant de MPOC en phase terminale?» Nous avons utilisé une méthode ethnographique qualitative pour traiter cette question. Douze aînés vivant dans la communauté dans une ville canadienne et ayant reçu un diagnostic de MPOC avancée ont été interviewés trois fois chez eux au cours d'une période de huit mois en 2006.Résultats: Trois thèmes ont été dégagés, chacun assorti de besoins concrets en soins de santé: a)autonomie et indépendance par l'adaptation, b) santé stable grâce à des soins intégrés, et c) vivre avec des contraintes. Le thème prédominant était que tous les participants souhaitaient conserver leur indépendance. Cette situation exigeait une adaptation considérable, ainsi que l'aide des autres.Conclusions: Il est important d'assurer et d'améliorer l'aide si l'on veut éviter des souffrances supplémentaires et réduire les exacerbations exigeant l'hospitalisation, un but particulièrement important étant donné l'incidence élevée et croissante de MPOC avancée. D'autres résultats éclairants révèlent l'importance de l'apprentissage direct de personnes qui vivent presque toute leur vie affligées d'une maladie chronique.