bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Type‐X collagen interacts with the small leucine‐rich proteoglycans decorin and biglycan
Authors: Hancock S. , Kwan A.P.L. , Duance V.C. 
Published: September 2009

Introduction  Type‐X collagen is expressed by hypertrophic chondrocytes in the epiphyseal growth plate. The 59‐kDa α‐chain consists of a 45‐kDa triple‐helical domain flanked by two noncollagenous regions, a large C‐terminal domain termed NC1 and a smaller N‐terminal domain termed NC2. The restricted distribution of type‐X collagen within the growth plate indicates a potential role during the process of endochondral ossification. Type‐X collagen may form a hexagonal lattice‐like matrix, permissive to vascular invasion and mineralization.Decorin and biglycan are small leucine‐rich proteoglycans, which are usually substituted with one or two glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains, respectively. Their 40‐kDa protein cores contain N‐terminal GAG attachment site(s), several central leucine‐rich repeats and a disulphide‐bonded loop at the C‐terminal. They are ubiquitously expressed and are found in many connective tissues, including skin, cartilage and bone. They are known to interact with many proteins including fibrillar collagens. The molecular interactions of type‐X collagen with decorin and biglycan have been investigated in vitro. Characterizing these interactions may elucidate the precise role of these complexes in the hypertrophic cartilage matrix.Materials and methods  To investigate the interactions of type‐X collagen with decorin and biglycan, solid phase assays, including competitive assays and surface plasmon resonance were used. Proteins used during the investigation included type‐X collagen purified from embryonic chick tibial hypertrophic chondrocytes, pepsin‐treated type‐X collagen, human recombinant NC1 domain of type‐X collagen, human recombinant decorin and biglycan purified from bovine cartilage.Results  Type‐X collagen interacts with biglycan and decorin in solid phase assays and surface plasmon resonance, using the BIAcore 3000 system. The interactions occur primarily via the NC1 domain of type‐X collagen and are not dependent on the presence of the GAG chains on the proteoglycans. Dissociation constants have been calculated and indicate high affinity binding. Results from competitive binding assays indicate that decorin and biglycan bind to the same site on type‐X collagen. Rotary shadowing is currently being used to confirm interactions and to locate the interaction sites better.Discussion  Interactions between type‐X collagen and other matrix components may be required for the assembly of the hypertrophic cartilage matrix and to maintain its integrity. Within the growth plate, type‐X collagen interactions with decorin and biglycan may have potential roles in regulation or maintenance of the type‐X collagen hexagonal network and/or presentation of growth factors, e.g. TGF‐β known to be important in endochondral ossification.
Safety profile of dexlansoprazole MR, a proton pump inhibitor with a novel dual delayed release formulation: global clinical trial experience
Authors: PEURA D. A. , METZ D. C. , DABHOLKAR A. H. , PARIS M. M. , YU P. , ATKINSON S. N. 
Published: September 2009

SummaryBackground  Dexlansoprazole MR is a dual delayed release formulation of dexlansoprazole, an enantiomer of lansoprazole.Aim  To assess safety of dexlansoprazole MR in phase 3 clinical trials.Methods  Data from 4270 patients receiving dexlansoprazole MR 30 mg (n = 455), 60 mg (n = 2311) or 90 mg (n = 1864); lansoprazole 30 mg (n = 1363); or placebo (n = 896) in six randomized controlled trials and a 12‐month safety study were pooled. Safety was assessed via adverse events, vital signs, electrocardiograms, clinical laboratory results and gastric biopsies. Adverse events were summarized per 100 patient‐months of exposure to account for imbalances in study drug exposure.Results  The number of patients with ≥1 treatment‐emergent adverse event per 100 patient‐months was higher in placebo (24.49) and lansoprazole (21.06) groups than in any dexlansoprazole MR (15.64–18.75) group. Fewer patients receiving dexlansoprazole MR discontinued therapy because of an adverse event (P ≤ 0.05 vs. placebo). Seven patients died of events considered unrelated to study drug. Mean serum gastrin rose in all groups except placebo; increases were not dose‐related. No clinically concerning trends were seen in gastric biopsy results. Endocrine cell hyperplasia, dysplasia and neoplasia were not observed.Conclusion  Dexlansoprazole MR 30–90 mg has a safety profile comparable to that of lansoprazole.
Do parental co‐viewing and discussions mitigate TV‐induced fears in young children?
Authors: Paavonen E. J. , Roine M. , Pennonen M. , Lahikainen A. R. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackground  While excessive television viewing has been associated with negative outcomes in children's welfare, parental co‐viewing has been suggested as an effective way to prevent these negative effects. The objective of the present study is to specify some social contexts of co‐viewing and to assess whether co‐viewing modifies the effects of media on children's TV‐related fears.Methods  The study is based on a representative random sample of 331 children aged 5–6 years. It is based on parental reports of children's TV‐related fears and family television viewing practices.Results  Parental co‐viewing and discussion of television programmes with the child were found to be associated with higher rates of children's TV‐related fears, high television exposure in general and watching adults' television programmes. The association between TV‐related fears and co‐viewing remained significant even after controlling for gender, maternal education, family income and the quantity and quality of television viewing. Co‐viewing and TV‐related discussions increased the risk for TV‐related fears nearly fourfold (adjusted odds ratio 3.92, 95% confidence interval 1.37–11.17 and adjusted odds ratio 3.31, 95% confidence interval 1.33–8.20, respectively).Conclusions  The findings suggest that co‐viewing and discussing television programmes are more common in families where television exposure is high. Because both co‐viewing and discussing television programmes were associated with higher fear scores regardless of the quantity and quality of television exposure, the research shows that in everyday life co‐viewing may not be done in such a way that it leads to a reduction of children's fears. More studies are needed to explore the co‐viewing practices of families in more detail.
BRITISH DIVISION OF THE INTERNATIONAL ACADEMY OF PATHOLOGY
Authors: Underwood J C E , Howat A J , Shepherd N A , Francis N , Harris C 
Published: September 2009

Congress Secretariat:
Eurocongres, Jan vanGoyenkade 11, 1075 HP Amsterdam. Tel: +31 20 679 3411; Fax: +31 20 673 7306; e‐mail: iap2002@eurocongres.com http://www.iap2002.com 1–4 July 2003 Joint Meeting with the Pathological Society of GB & Ireland. Bristol, UK28‐‐29 November 2003 Symposium on Lymphoreticular Disease. London, UK
Transgenic virus resistance in cultivated squash affects pollinator behaviour
Authors: Prendeville Holly R. , Pilson Diana 
Published: September 2009

Summary 1. Two ecological risks associated with the use of transgenic crops are transgene movement into wild populations and effects on non‐target organisms, such as pollinators. Despite the importance of pollinators, and their contribution to the global food supply, little is known about how they are affected by transgenic crops. Pollinator preferences affect plant mating patterns; thus understanding the effects of transgenic crops on pollinators will aid in understanding transgene movement. 2. Honey bee and squash bee visit number and duration were recorded on conventional and transgenic virus‐resistant squash Cucurbita pepo planted in a randomized block design. Floral characters were measured to explain differences in pollinator behaviour. The effect of Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus infection on pollinator behaviour was also examined. 3. Honey bees visited female conventional flowers more than female transgenic flowers. Conventional flowers were generally larger with more nectar than transgenic flowers, although floral traits did not account for differences in pollinator visitation. 4. Squash bees visited male transgenic flowers more than male conventional flowers; squash bees also spent more time in female transgenic flowers than in female conventional flowers. Transgenic flowers were significantly larger with greater amounts of sweeter nectar and they were present in greater number. Floral traits accounted for some of the variation in pollinator visitation. 5. Squash bee visit number and duration did not differ between virus‐infected and healthy plants, but this may be because pollinator behaviour was observed early in the virus infection. 6. Synthesis and applications. Pollinator behaviour controls patterns of plant mating thus non‐target effects of transgenic resistance, such as those observed here, may influence transgene movement into wild populations. These results suggest that transgenic crops should not be planted within the native range of wild relatives because pleiotropic effects may affect crop‐wild hybridization and transgene introgression into wild populations.
Beginning an action research project to investigate the feasibility of a midwife‐led normal birthing unit in China
Authors: Mander Rosemary , Cheung Ngai Fen , Wang Xiaoli , Fu Wei , Zhu Junghong 
Published: September 2009

Aim.  To explore issues arising during preliminary stages of a research project in order to consider the feasibility of a midwife‐led normal birthing unit in mainland China.Background.  Midwife‐led normal birthing units, as a route to ensuring normality, have become a feature of western maternity care, but are unknown in China.Design.  Action research, using a qualitative descriptive approach, was performed. Data were collected at meetings, by non‐participant observation and by face‐to‐face semi‐structured interviews. Observation was undertaken in the midwife‐led normal birthing unit and a standard care setting. Data analysis was by thematic analysis using constant comparison techniques.Methods.  In the labour ward of a large general hospital in a major city, stakeholders included midwifery staff, managers, university staff and researchers. Childbearing women proved keen to use this service, but were unable to participate in the planning. The midwife‐led normal birthing unit sought to provide one‐to‐one care in labour and support by a birth companion. Routine interventions were to be avoided.Results.  The midwives in the midwife‐led normal birthing unit created a more suitable environment for supportive care. The midwives demonstrated high‐quality communication skills. The woman’s choice of position/mobility was limited. Difficulties with staffing were identified.Conclusions.  The preliminary findings suggest that continuation of the project is feasible. The woman’s role demonstrates passivity. The perception of staff shortage has serious implications.Relevance to clinical practice.  This action research project suggests that a study of a midwife‐led normal birthing unit in China is feasible, with some attention to staffing issues.
Parents’ experiences of a Family Support Program when a parent has incurable cancer
Authors: Bugge Kari E , Helseth Solvi , Darbyshire Philip 
Published: September 2009

Aims and objectives.  The Family Support Program was created to support children and parenting when one of the parents has incurable cancer. We chose a family‐based approach to support parent’s coping and to help families pull together, identify strengths in the family and learn how to seek help.Background.  Cancer is usually a new experience for young families. In most cases, parents do not have the necessary knowledge about their children’s need for information and support about their parent’s serious illness and impending death.Design.  A qualitative evaluation study based on data collected through in‐depth interviews focusing on parent’s experiences with the Family Support Program.Methods.  Participants were patients with incurable cancer and their partners and ex‐partners with children aged between 5–18 years. Thirteen parents were in‐depth interviewed.Results.  Parents described how the Family Support Program helped them gain greater insight into their children’s thoughts and reactions and into how the situation affected their daily living. Parents reported that conflicts were reduced, they could talk more openly about the situation in the family and that they were shown how to support their children’s coping.Conclusion.  The Family Support Program met the parents in the study’s needs for more information and support about how to cope with their children during the patient’s terminal illness.Relevance to clinical practice.  The Family Support Program is described in detail in a manual that makes it easy for other health workers to use the same programme. The Family Support program was in use in outpatient clinics, oncology wards and palliative care units and was provided both from nurses and social workers trained in cancer care. Parent’s in the study would like the Family Support Program to be available to all patients who receive the poor prognosis that their cancer cannot be cured.
Factorial structure of the Chinese version of the 12‐item General Health Questionnaire in adolescents
Authors: Li William HC , Chung Joyce OK , Chui Maureen ML , Chan Polly SL 
Published: September 2009

Aims. To evaluate the underlying factor structure of the Chinese version of General Health Questionnaire‐12 using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses in Chinese adolescents and find out which factor model proposed by previous empirical research is the best‐fit model.Background. The 12‐item General Health Questionnaire has been extensively used with adolescents in the West. Yet, it has not been used with adolescents in a Hong Kong Chinese context.Design. A cross‐sectional study was employed.Method. Chinese students between the ages of 12–19 from four secondary schools were invited to participate in the study using the multiple‐stage stratified random sampling method during the period from December 2007–February, 2008. The total sample size included in the final analysed was 1883.Results. The General Health Questionnaire‐12 was found to be internally consistent. The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that there are two factors underlying the General Health Questionnaire‐12. Of nine factor models were tested by means of confirmatory factor analysis, only three factor model: the eight‐item two‐factor model, 12‐item three‐factor model and 10‐item two‐factor model, demonstrated good model fit across all model fit indices.Conclusion. This study addressed a gap in the literature by evaluating the factorial structure of the Chinese version of General Health Questionnaire‐12 using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses in Chinese adolescents. The findings revealed that the eight‐item two‐factor model is the best‐fit model.Relevance to clinical practice. The adolescent mental health problem is alarming and aggravating and warrants special attention. It is essential for community nurses to differentiate psychological distress in adolescents and to identify those adolescents who are at a higher risk of suffering from mental health problems. The availability of a valid and reliable instrument that measures adolescents’ psychological distress is crucial before any nursing interventions to promote their mental health can be appropriately planned, implemented and evaluated.
Reexamination of ultra‐thin nipple shield use, infant growth and maternal satisfaction
Authors: Chertok Ilana RA 
Published: September 2009

Aims and objectives.  The primary objective of the multi‐site, international study was to examine trends in weight gain for term infants breastfed with and without ultra‐thin silicone nipple shields to determine the effect of nipple shield use on infant weight gain over two months. Additionally, the study examined maternal satisfaction with nipple shield use using a structured survey.Background.  The nipple shield may facilitate successful breastfeeding outcomes when indicated. There has been question regarding infant weight gain with nipple shield use. A published pilot study using within‐subject design indicated no significant difference in infant test weights and maternal prolactin levels when breastfeeding with and without nipple shields. The current study builds and expands upon the pilot study.Design.  Prospective, multi‐site, non‐randomised, between‐subject study.Method.  Maternal‐infant dyads (n = 54) who used a nipple shield for breastfeeding were studied.Results.  Results demonstrate no statistically significant difference in infant weight gain at two weeks, one month and two months between infants who breastfed with and infants who breastfed without a nipple shield. A majority (89·8%) of the women reported a positive experience with nipple shield use and 67·3% of the women reported that the nipple shield helped prevent breastfeeding termination.Conclusion.  Infant weight gain was similar in maternal‐infant dyads using nipple shields for two months compared to those not using the shields. Maternal positive report of nipple shield use lends to the clinical importance of nipple shield use when appropriately indicated.Relevance to clinical practice.  Nipple shield use may facilitate breastfeeding when clinically indicated in maternal‐infant dyads without risk of decreased infant weight gain.
Impact of some isoenergetic snacks on satiety and next meal intake in healthy adults
Authors: Almiron‐Roig E. , Grathwohl D. , Green H. , Erkner A. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackground:  Choosing small portions especially of low energy foods is a standard recommendation for weight management. However, this can result in rapid return of hunger or an increase in the next meal size. Enhancing the satiating capacities of low energy foods may help to overcome these effects. The present study compared the satiating properties of small servings of four low energy foods [465 kJ (111 kcal)] including a drinking yogurt enhanced for satiety.Methods:  Thirty volunteers attended the laboratory to consume isoenergetic preloads of: a fibre‐enriched drinking yogurt, a regular drinking yogurt, plain crackers, fresh banana; or an isovolumetric serving of water. Satiety was analysed using visual analogue scales, before and every 15 min after consumption for 60 min, when ad libitum food intake was measured.Results:  The yogurts and the banana were more satiating than water and crackers (P < 0.001 for yogurts and banana versus crackers and water). Only the fibre‐enriched yogurt produced higher satiety scores than crackers at 60 min (P < 0.05). Mean ± SD consumption at next meal was: fibre‐enriched yogurt 2050 ± 787 kJ (490 ± 188 kcal); regular yogurt 2071 ± 575 kJ (495 ± 137 kcal); bananas 2178 ± 603 kJ (520 ± 144 kcal); crackers 2232 ± 590 kJ (533 ± 141 kcal); water 2519 ± 741 kJ (602 ± 177 kcal); (yogurts versus water: P = 0.001; bananas versus water: P = 0.013; crackers versus water: P = 0.064), demonstrating accurate energy compensation for the yogurts only.Conclusions:  Although there were no significant differences between the different foods’ satiating capacity, a trend for the following ranking was found: fibre‐enriched yogurt > regular yogurt > banana > crackers > water. Overall, the fibre‐enriched drinking yogurt tended to be more satiating than the other foods.
Frequent consumption of certain fast foods may be associated with an enhanced preference for salt taste
Authors: Kim G. H. , Lee H. M. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackground:  Excessive exposure to high‐salt foods may change the taste perception, which results in the overconsumption of sodium. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of liking or frequent eating of high‐salt food on salt taste perception among schoolchildren.Methods:  The detection threshold of sodium chloride (NaCl) and the preferred salinity of beansprout soup were determined and were used to represent the salt taste acuity and preference, respectively, of 70 Koreans aged 12–13 years. A self‐administered questionnaire was used to obtain information regarding food preferences or frequency of eating certain high‐salt Korean dishes, Westernised fast foods and commercially‐prepared foods, as well as various food groups. The significance of differences in taste perceptions was assessed in relation to the reported liking, and frequency of eating, high‐salt foods. In addition, the correlation between taste perception and the liking or frequency of eating fast foods was also assessed.Results:  The participants who reported a liking for soup/stew had significantly higher thresholds for NaCl (P = 0.029), and frequent users of fast‐food restaurants showed a preference for significantly saltier soup (P = 0.010). The preferred salinity was associated significantly with a high preference for pizza (r = 0.282, P = 0.018) or hamburgers (r = 0.305, P = 0.010) and the frequent consumption of pork cutlets (r = 0.239, P = 0.046) or hamburgers (r = 0.461, P = 0.010).Conclusions:  The results obtained in the present study suggest that the frequent consumption of certain fast foods by young teenagers may be associated with an increased preference for salt taste. This study provides basic information for use in devising education programmes in evidence‐based nutrition to reduce salt intake.
Community psychiatric nursing in the Netherlands: a survey of a thriving but threatened profession
Authors: KOEKKOEK B. , VAN MEIJEL B. , SCHENE A. , HUTSCHEMAEKERS G. 
Published: September 2009

Accessible summary

Community psychiatric nursing is a widespread nursing differentiation across the world.
In spite of their large numbers, Dutch community psychiatric nurses (CPNs) have contributed little to the literature.
Community psychiatric nursing has developed within the typical Dutch system of strictly separated hospital‐based and community‐based psychiatric care.
The autonomous position of CPNs is challenged by increasing evidence‐based practice and specialization in both nursing and mental health care.
An increased focus on research and evidence‐based practice is necessary to maintain the merits of the community‐based psychiatric nursing approach.

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to describe and analyse the Dutch community psychiatric nursing profession. In spite of their large numbers, estimated at 2900, Dutch community psychiatric nurses (CPNs) have contributed little to the international literature. The history of the profession reveals a relatively isolated development, resulting in few connections with nursing and mental healthcare research. Because of various developments in these fields, CPNs appear under threat. A survey design was used to administer a 43‐item electronic questionnaire, which yielded a response rate of 40%. The Dutch CPN has a mean age of 48 years, works about 32 h per week and has over 20 years of nursing experience. The Dutch CPN has a caseload of 48 patients, often participates in clinical intervision and hardly works according to evidence‐based methods. Dutch community psychiatric nursing is, paradoxically, both thriving and threatened. CPNs seek to maintain a model that pays attention to both social needs and explanations, and to psychiatric diagnoses. This broad orientation may be considered essential to nursing. However, it is also a huge drawback as CPNs have not succeeded to clearly articulate what their profession adds to the care and treatment of psychiatric patients.