bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unfavorable prognosis of acute leukemia in infancy
Authors: Cangir Ayten , George Stephen , Sullivan Margaret 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPretreatment characteristics of 48 infants (under 2 years of age) with leukemia treated over a period of 18 years at a single institution were studied in relation to response to therapy, extramedullary involvement, and survival. In order to provide a basis of comparison, 45 of the infants were each paired with an older (2–9 years of age) leukemic child, who had the same race, and disease type, who was treated within the same period of time and received similar suportive care and chemotherapy, and when possible, was of the same sex. The overall median survival times of infants and their pairmates were 211 days and 445 days, respectively. Initial status of the spleen was the single significant factor in relation to the length of survival. Median survival time for infants with splenomegaly was 186 days compared to a median survival time of 414 days for infants without splenomegaly. The complete response rate was 75% for infants and 80% for the pairmates. Median duration of remission was 84 days for infants and 280 days for their pairmates. Initial peripheral leucocyte count was significantly related to the duration of remission; patients with very high leucocyte counts had the shortest remissions. The duration of remission increased throughout the period covered by this study, however, prognosis relative to pairmates remained poor. Central nervous system leukemia occurred in 44% of infants and 40% of the pairmates; incidence of CNS leukemia was much higher (70%) in infants under one year of age than in infants one year old (37%). Extramedullary leukemia occurred at other sites in 46% of the infants and 31% of the pairmates. The only pretreatment characteristic of prognostic importance for predicting extramedullary involvement was the patient's age at diagnosis.
Cellular imunity in neoplasia: Antigen and mitogen responses in patients with bronchiogenic carcinoma
Authors: Rees John C. , Rossio Jeffrey L. , Wilson Henry E. , Minton John P. , Dodd Matthew C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCellular immune responses of patients with histologically confirmed lung carcinoma were assessed in vivo using cutaneous response and in vitro with a microlymphocyte blastogenic transformation (LBT) assay. In addition, correlation of the cutaneous response with the migration inhibitory factor (MIF) assay and LBT response was examined. The results indicated that cutaneous responses seen in patients with cancer of the lung were consistently lower than similar responses in normal controls (p < 0.001). Similarily, the percentage of positive cutaneous responses seen with patients included in this study was lower than the frequencies reported by others. Stimulation of cells from lung cancer patients by PHA‐M was also depressed when compared to similar lymphocytic responses in normal volunteers (p < 0.001). The correlation between cutaneous response to tuberculin and the in vitro assays was high. The few instances of disparity demonstrate the need to utilize more than one assay in evaluating cellular immune functions. These data would support the work of ther that indicate a depression of cellular immunity in advanced malignancy.
Adenocarcinoma of the small intestine arising in crohn's disease: Demonstration of a tumor‐associated antigen in invasive and intraepithelial components
Authors: Newman Robert D. , Bennett Sidney J. , Pascal Robert R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA segment of small intestine surgically removed from a man with intestinal obstruction was found to have coexisting regional enteritis and an invasive adenocarcinoma associated with an area of intraepithelial neoplasia. The cells of the adenocarcinoma and the intraepithelial neoplasia contained a tumor‐associated surface antigen capable of reacting with an antiserum prepared against a colonic carcinoma. The importance of thorough sampling of specimens of regional enteritis in accurate reporting of the incidence of carcinoma is stressed, as is the use of immunohistologic techniques as an adjunct to the morphologic diagnosis of preinvasive neoplasia.
Primary malignant melanocytic tumors of the sympathetic ganglia, with an ultrastructural study of one
Authors: Fu Yao‐Shi , Kaye Gordon I. , Lattes Raffaele 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThree cases of melanocytic tumors arising in the sympathetic chain were studied. A metastasis from one of them was studied with electron microscopy. Both light and electron microscopy demonstrated the presence in these tumors of true melanogenesis and autophagic activity in melanocytes as well as phagocytosis of mature melanin by associated histiocytes. Review of the embryology, biochemistry and in vitro culture of sympathetic nervous tissue showed a close relationship between it and pigmented cells in other parts of the body which are also derived from neural crest. These findings support the clinical and morphological conclusion that these rare pigmented tumors are true melanocytic tumors originating from the sympathetic chain. The malignant potential of these tumors is emphasized by the fact that the two patients who survived initial surgery later died of metastatic disease.
The urinary excretion of corticosteroid sulfates by cancer patients
Authors: Rose D. P. , Fahl W. E. , Liskowski L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractUrinary excretions of free cortisol and corticosteroid sulfates were determined in 31 female controls, 77 breast cancer patients, 14 cases of colonic cancer, and 7 patients with bronchial carcinoma. Elevated corticosteroid sulfate excretion was present in38% of patients with locally recurrent breast cancer and 30% of those with distant metastases, but in only 13% of the “early” breast cancer cases. A similar abnormality was seen in colonic cancer. Urinary free cortisol was usually normal. ACTH stimulation in a normal subject produced marked increases of both urinary free cortisol and corticosteroid sulfates. It is concluded that elevated corticosteroid sulfate excretion in cancer patients arises from an increased cortisol production rate combined with increased sulfurylation of the steroid. In bronchial carcinoma patients, changes similar to those occurring in the ACTH–treated normal subject may have resulted from ectopic ACTH production in the tumor.
Clinical evaluation of a method of quantitative determination of homovanillic acid for the estimation of degree of tumor dissemination process in melanoma of the skin
Authors: Trapeznikov N. N. , Raushenbakh M. O. , Ivanova V. D. , Yavorsky V. V. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractHomovanillic acid (HVA) was determined both in 45 patients with different forms of melanoma and those hospitalized on the suspicion of melanoma and in 15 healthy persons. Excretion rate of homovanillic acid within the normal limits was observed in patients with benign melanotic neoplasms of the skin (4.4 ± 0.56 mg/24 hr) and in local forms of melanotic melanoma of the skin (4.5 ± 0.24 mg/24 hr). In patients with metastases to regional nodes as well as in patients with locally disseminated forms of melanotic melanoma of the skin the concentration of homovanillic acid increased up to 11.1 ± 0.93 mg/24 hr. Especially strong concentration of homovanillic acid was registered in patients with disse minated melanotic melanoma of the skin, and it made up 15.7 ± 2.04 mg/24 hr. There was evident tendency to the elevation of HVA excretion level as generalization of the process which was taking place. The data obtained enable the authors to recommend the determination of HVA excretion as an additional diagnostic test as well for prognosis of melanoma development together with other clinicomorphological data.
Hodgkin's disease in the bone marrow
Authors: Weiss Raymond B. , Brunning Richard D. , Kennedy B. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTumor involvement of the bone marrow in patients with Hodgkin's disease may be suspected in the presence of other manifestations of advanced disease such as fever, lymphopenia, hypoalbuminemia, mixed cellular histologic type, or Stage III or IV disease by other clinical parameters. It occurs more frequently in the older age groups. When anemia, leucopenia, and/or thrombocytopenia are present and are unrelated to recent bone marrow suppressant chemotherapy, marrow involvement is likely to be present. Bone marrow examination, done by multiple trephine biopsies, provides an adequate sampling of tissue and results in a high incidence of detection of involvement by Hodgkin's disease. This manifestation of Hodgkin's disease is associated with a relatively short survival. Aggressive combination chemotherapy is necessary to produce a significant remission.
Primary malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone
Authors: Spanier Suzanne S. , Enneking William F. , Enriquez Pablo 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA review of over 400 primary bone tumors yielded 11 lesions with features allowing classification as malignant fibrous histiocytoma on a purely histological basis. Correlation with roentgenograms and clinical data indicated that these tumors occurred as osteolytic lesions associated with a high incidence of pathologic fractures in the metaphyses of skeletally mature long bones. Nine patients developed pulmonary metastases and 3 developed lymph node metastases within 21 months following diagnosis. The average survival was 12 months in 6 of the 9 patients who had no secondary treatment of their metastases. Treatment of 3 patients with metastatic lesions with chemotherapy or radiotherapy has been clinically encouraging. Some evidence was obtained that either or both the histiocytic and fibroblastic component may metastasize. There is a need for biopsy of metastatic lesions and autopsy followup to more accurately assess the mode of spread and histologic type of the metastases.
Hodgkin's disease in childhood
Authors: Norris Donald G. , Burgert E. Omer , Cooper Herbert A. , Harrison Edgar G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA retrospective study of 116 children with Hodgkin's disease diagnosed in the period 1935–1970 was undertaken to assess the prognostic role of histopathologic classification and clinical extent of the disease. The ages of the 80 boys and 36 girls ranged from 2.5 years to 15.0 years (mean, 10.0 years). The histopathologic diagnosis by lymph node biopsy revealed lymphocyte predominance in 22, nodular sclerosis in 67, mixed cellularity in 24, and lymphocyte depletion in 3. Within the subgroup of nodular sclerosis, 47 biopsies had classic well‐developed collagenous bands, whereas 20 were in the cellular phase (10 without collagenous bands and 10 with minimal collagen). The clinical extent of disease was determined. There were 33 patients with Stage I disease, 38 with Stage IIA, 12 with Stage IIB, 24 with Stage III, and 9 with Stage IV. Survival correlated with histopathologic type and clinical stage, but not with age or sex. Survival was not dependent on the degree of collagenization in nodular sclerosis. There were 29 patients who survived for more than 10 years. Four of these 29 subsequently died owing to acute myelomonocytic leukemia, carcinoma of the breast, sepsis, and progression of Hodgkin's disease, respectively. Neoplasms developed in two other long‐term survivors (thyroid carcinoma in one, and multiple basal cell carcinomas in the other).
Disseminated melanoma with unique unilateral distribution
Authors: Ariel Irving M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis is a case report of extensive metastases of dermal and subcutaneous malignant melanomas limited to the right side of the body, with the left side remaining singularly free of any evidence of tumor. The primary melanoma, which had been excised 7 years before the development of metastases, existed on the posterior aspect of the chest, slightly to the right of the midline. This is the only case of its kind noted.
Features of prognostic significance in solid ovarian teratoma
Authors: Beilby J. O. W. , Parkinson Constance 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe morphology of 20 ovarian tumors reported as solid teratomas is reviewed and correlated with their clinical behavior, in an attempt to select histologic features of prognostic significance. Utilizing a grading system quantitating immature tissue of embryonic origin, a tendency was shown for fully mature tumors to follow a benign course, and for those composed predominantly of immature tissues to prove fatal. This method, however, was prognostically unreliable in 16 tumors. An additional but far more important prognostic guide in this series was provided by extra‐embryonic tissue of yolk sac origin, which was present in variable amounts and diverse histologic patterns; all teratomas including this component were fatal, frequently with evidence of extra‐abdominal metastases. In certain circumstances, immature embryonic teratomas were associated with widespread peritoneal implants, causing death from intestinal obstruction and recurrent ascites. It is important when considering prognosis and therapy to realize the metastatic potential of extra‐embryonic elements in teratomas, as distinct from the tendency of immature embryonic components to implant locally and mature into noninvasive deposits, which may be amenable to surgery.
Excess occurrence of cancer of the oral cavity, lung, and bladder following cancer of the cervix
Authors: Newell Guy R. , Krementz Edward T. , Roberts Jane D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe risk of developing a second cancer among white and black females with an initial cancer of the uterine cervix or corpus has been estimated based on the experience of the Charity Hospital of Louisiana Tumor Registry, a participant of the End Results Program of the National Cancer Institute. Observed second primary cancers were compared to expected numbers in order to obtain a direct estimate of risk. White females having an initial cancer of the cervix had a 5‐to‐6‐fold excess risk of developing a subsequent cancer of the oral pharynx, lung, or bladder during the first 5 years following their initial cancer with no excess risk during subsequent years. Black females with cervical cancer had a 3.5‐fold excess risk for developing oral cavity and lung cancer. There was no excess risk for developing subsequent cancer of the breast or large intestine, but a slight excess risk for developing subsequent cancer of the ano‐rectum. There was a 7% excess risk among both whites and blacks with initial cancer of the corpus uteri of subsequently developing another cancer.
Mesenchymal tumors of the uterus. V. Intravenous leiomyomatosis: A clinical and pathologic study of 14 cases
Authors: Norris Henry J. , Parmley Tim 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFourteen examples of intravenous leiomyomatosis in the AFIP files were studied. Growth beyond the uterus occurred in 10 of the 14 examples, largely in vessels in the broad ligament and in uterine and iliac veins. Metastasis to the heart occurred in 1 example. The study provides evidence that is consistent with both theories of origin of intravenous leiomyomatosis; namely, that it may arise either from the wall of veins within the myometrium or be a result of unusually extensive vascular invasion from a leiomyoma of the myometrium. Intravenous leiomyomatosis should be distinguished from a leiomyoma with vascular invasion by arbitrarily limiting the designation of leiomyoma with vascular invasion to neoplasms in which the vascular growth is a microscopic finding and confined within the leiomyoma. Criteria are given for distinguishing intravenous leiomyomatosis from endometrial stromal sarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, leiomyoma with vascular invasion, and leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata.
Benign metastasizing uterine leiomyoma: Multiple lymph nodal metastases
Authors: Abell M. R. , Littler E. R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA case of histologically benign lymph nodal metastases from a uterine Ieiomyoma in a 27‐year‐old woman is reported. It is postulated that fragments of a leiomyoma, detached at the time of endometrial curettage, entered dilated lymphatic channels in or adjacent to a large projecting submucous leiomyoma, and seeded several pelvic and para‐aortic lymph nodes. During an interval of 8 years, these grew slowly and did not infiltrate the perinodal tissues or give rise to secondary metastases.
Incidence, mortality or prevalence as indicators of the cancer problem
Authors: Hakama M. , Hakulinen T. , Teppo L. , Saxen E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe magnitude of the cancer problem, as conveyed by the incidence, mortality and prevalence figures, was studied by analysis of the material of the Finnish Cancer Registry from 1953–1970. The prevalence was defined as the number of persons who had cancer, or had ever had cancer, and were living on December 31, 1970. The incidence and mortality of cancer in males exceeded those in respect of females, whereas the prevalence with females was clearly higher than that with males. According to all 3 indices, the commonest site of cancer was in the lungs in males. In females, cancer of the breast was the commonest malignant neoplasm measured by incidence and prevalence, whereas in mortality statistics it was second to cancer of the stomach. Cancers with poor prognosis, such as cancer of the lung, stomach, pancreas and esophagus, and leukemia, exhibited relatively low prevalence figures, whereas cancers with good prognosis, such as cancer of the breast, uterus, larynx and lip, showed relatively large numbers of prevalent cases. In females, cancer of the genitals, including the breasts, constituted nearly as many prevalent cases as did the total figure in males. As the 3 cancer indices measure different things, the nature of the index used should be taken into account in evaluation of the magnitude of the cancer problem.
Hemangiopericytoma: A clinicopathologic study and long‐term followup of 60 patients
Authors: McMaster Michael J. , Soule Edward H. , Ivins John C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe clinical courses of 60 patients with hemangiopericytoma of the somatic soft tissues are summarized in this retrospective study. The tumors were subjected to a comparative histologic review and classified as benign (12 lesions), borderline malignant (16 lesions), and malignant (32 lesions). Tumors with 1 mitotic figure per 10 high‐power fields and slight cellular anaplasia or 1 mitotic figure per 20 high‐power fields and moderate cellular anaplasia may be expected to follow a malignant clinical course. Six of the 16 tumors with these microscopic features (borderline lesions) metastasized (37.5%), and 6 exhibited local recurrences after excision. Of the 32 malignant tumors, 25 (78%) metastasized. Twenty‐three patients with malignant tumors were followed for more than 5 years or until death from tumor, and only one patient was alive and free of disease. Fifteen of the 23 patients experienced one of more local recurrences. None of the benign tumors metastasized. Surgical ablation of hemangiopericytoma is, in our experience, the only satisfactory method of treatment. Amputation of an extremity need be done only when the location of the lesion precludes a wide local excision. Local recurrent tumor was experienced by 22 patients after an inadequate local excision. Long‐term follow‐up is recommended because metastasis became apparent in 11% of patients with malignant tumors and 7% with borderline tumors after 5 “disease‐free” years.
The evolution of cancer of the colon and rectum
Authors: Muto T. , Bussey H. J. R. , Morson B. C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe malignant potential of adenomas of the colon and rectum varies with size, histological type and grade of epithelial atypia. The adenomatous polyp is usually small and has a low malignant potential, whereas tumors with a villous structure are usually larger and have a much higher cancer rate. Severe atypia is more common in villous adenomas than in adenomatous polyps. Evidence is presented which suggests that most cancers of the colon and rectum have evolved through the polyp‐cancer sequence although the majority of adenomas do not become cancerous during a normal adult life span. The slow evolution of the polyp‐cancer sequence is stressed. The implications of the polyp‐cancer sequence for the design of cancer prevention programmes and the study of the aetiology of large bowel cancer are discussed.
Formulation of a nonlinear model of chromatic adaptation for a light‐gray background
Authors: Takahama Kotaro , Sobagaki Hiroaki , Nayatani Yoshinobu 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe nonlinear model of chromatic adaptation of Nayatani, Takahama, and Sobagaki1–3 is extended to apply to an adapting field with a light‐gray background. Its formulation and computational procedure are described in detail. Using the extended formulation, the following adaptation effects are predicted for a background reflectance of 50%: )1( the chromatic‐adaptation effect between standard illuminants D65 and A, )2( the change of colorfulness of colored samples )the Hunt effect(, )3( the change of bright and dark contrast of nonselective samples )the Stevens effect(, and )4( the color perception of nonselective samples under a colored adapting illumination )the Helson‐Judd effect(. Effects )2( and )3( are observed by changing the adapting luminance. The effect of changing the background reflectance from 0.20 to 0.50 is discussed with respect to prediction of the above four effects. This change is especially significant in the Helson‐Judd effect but less so in the others.
Polarization‐angle dependence of photoluminescence intensity of ordered GaInP2 layers: observation of polarization memory
Authors: Prutskij T. , Pelosi C. , Brito‐Orta1 R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe compare measured and calculated polarization‐angle dependencies of the intensity of the photoluminescence emission from MOVPE‐grown GaInP2 layers with different ordering parameters. We measured the polarization‐angle dependencies of the emission propagating along the [001], [110] and [1$ \bar 1 $0] directions at room temperature. Symmetry considerations were used to calculate the dependence of the relative intensity of the PL emission which was linearly polarized along different directions and to estimate the value of the valence‐band splitting by fitting the measured dependencies with calculated curves. An intriguing influence of the polarization of the exciting beam on the relative amount of the polarized PL emission was observed in the emission from the (110) plane. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The party of the last part: Ethical and process implications for children in divorce mediation
Authors: Menin Bruce 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNo party is more greatly, directly, and ultimately affected by the issues on the table in a divorce mediation than the children of the divorcing parties. Paradoxically, the very structure of the mediation process acts in concert with the developmental vulnerability of those children to deny them a seat at the table. This article explores some ethical implications for both process and mediator in light of this paradox, by considering mediation structure, issues, and roles. I review some of the literature on mediation ethics and consider whether existing standards adequately ensure that the needs of children are addressed. I suggest important values and process options that might reflect a family‐centered approach to mediation, and I consider some of the challenges this approach may face. The appendixes of this article briefly examine the impact divorce may have on the emotional and cognitive development of children; they include a recently drafted set of mediator guidelines that offer a promising start.