bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jouer les bons citoyens
Authors: Talpin Julien 
Published: April 2012

Résumé Le paradigme délibératif, aujourd’hui dominant dans le champ des théories de la démocratie, repose sur une hypothèse anthropologique forte : la délibération aurait pour vertu de modifier les préférences et l’identité des citoyens en les orientant vers le bien commun. Les présupposés épistémologiques de cette approche (inspirée de la psychologie expérimentale et des sciences cognitives, qui mettent l’accent sur le for intérieur des individus) apparaissent néanmoins erronés. Parce que les opinions individuelles sont le fruit de leurs conditions de production et de leur contexte d’expression, et parce que les décisions prises au sein des dispositifs participatifs où se déploie la délibération sont le fruit des arguments effectivement avancés plus que des préférences supposément possédées, l’étude des effets de la délibération doit se concentrer sur le discours des acteurs en situation, sur l’espace d’interaction où les individus discutent, échangent et agissent de concert, et prennent occasionnellement – selon la situation – le rôle collectivement construit de « bons citoyens. » La compétence civique dans des espaces participatifs requiert ainsi de s’exprimer conformément à une grammaire publique délibérative qui, si elle rejette les postures trop ouvertement politisées, n’est pas proprement apolitique puisqu’elle suppose l’expression d’arguments compatibles avec l’intérêt général. Ces règles grammaticales implicites que font respecter les participants réguliers et intégrés poussent les acteurs à modifier leurs arguments et à endosser le rôle de bons citoyens. La participation à des arènes délibératives peut ainsi se traduire par des bifurcations argumentatives et trajectorielles chez certains interactants qui jouent alors pleinement leur rôle de bon citoyen.
Immunogenicity and Cross-Reactivity of a Representative Ancestral Sequence in Hepatitis C Virus Infection
Authors: Burke Kelly P. , Munshaw Supriya , Osburn William O. , Levine Jordana , Liu Lin , Sidney John , Sette Alessandro , Ray Stuart C. , Cox Andrea L. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Vaccines designed to prevent or to treat hepatitis C viral infection must achieve maximum cross-reactivity against widely divergent circulating strains. Rational approaches for sequence selection to maximize immunogenicity and minimize genetic distance across circulating strains may enhance vaccine induction of optimal cytotoxic T cell responses. We assessed T cell recognition of potential hepatitis C virus (HCV) vaccine sequences generated using three rational approaches: combining epitopes with predicted tight binding to the MHC, consensus sequence (most common amino acid at each position), and representative ancestral sequence that had been derived using Bayesian phylogenetic tools. No correlation was seen between peptide–MHC binding affinity and frequency of recognition, as measured by an IFN-γ T cell response in HLA-matched HCV-infected individuals. Peptides encoding representative, consensus, and natural variant sequences were then tested for the capacity to expand CD8 T cell populations and to elicit cross-reactive CD8 T cell responses. CD8+ T cells expanded with representative sequence HCV generally more broadly and robustly recognized highly diverse circulating HCV strains than did T cells expanded with either consensus sequence or naturally occurring sequence variants. These data support the use of representative sequence in HCV vaccine design.
IL-27 Production and STAT3-Dependent Upregulation of B7-H1 Mediate Immune Regulatory Functions of Liver Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells
Authors: Matta Benjamin M. , Raimondi Giorgio , Rosborough Brian R. , Sumpter Tina L. , Thomson Angus W. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are highly specialized APCs that, in addition to their well-recognized role in anti-viral immunity, also regulate immune responses. Liver-resident pDCs are considerably less immunostimulatory than those from secondary lymphoid tissues and are equipped to promote immune tolerance/regulation through various mechanisms. IL-27 is an IL-12 family cytokine that regulates the function of both APCs and T cells, although little is known about its role in pDC immunobiology. In this study, we show that mouse liver pDCs express higher levels of IL-27p28 and EBV-induced protein 3 (Ebi3) compared with those of splenic pDCs. Both populations of pDCs express the IL-27Rα/WSX-1; however, only liver pDCs significantly upregulate expression of the coregulatory molecule B7 homolog-1 (B7-H1) in response to IL-27. Inhibition of STAT3 activation completely abrogates IL-27–induced upregulation of B7-H1 expression on liver pDCs. Liver pDCs treated with IL-27 increase the percentage of CD4+Foxp3+ T cells in MLR, which is dependent upon expression of B7-H1. pDCs from Ebi3-deficient mice lacking functional IL-27 show increased capacity to stimulate allogeneic T cell proliferation and IFN-γ production in MLR. Liver but not spleen pDCs suppress delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to OVA, an effect that is lost with Ebi3−/− and B7-H1−/− liver pDCs compared with wild-type liver pDCs. These data suggest that IL-27 signaling in pDCs promotes their immunoregulatory function and that IL-27 produced by pDCs contributes to their capacity to regulate immune responses in vitro and in vivo.
Pine Nut Processing in Southern California is the Absence of Evidence the Evidence of Absence?
Authors: Gamble Lynn H. , Mattingly Scott 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBurned rock features that were used for heat, light, the processing of resources, cooking, roasting, ceremonial purposes, and other functions are encountered all over the world. Over 200 prehistoric fire-altered rock (FAR) features have been documented at Torrey Pines State Natural Reserve, an area ethnographically occupied by the Kumeyaay Indians along the central coast of San Diego County in southern California. These features are more densely concentrated at sites within the boundaries of the reserve than at other nearby coastal locations, suggesting an association with a specific resource in the area. Although many FAR features found in southern California and the Southwest are often interpreted as Agave deserti or Yucca whipplei roasting pits, these species are rare at the reserve; the few that exist there today are believed to be modem introductions. We propose that the FAR features in the project area were probably used to process Torrey pine nuts, a high-ranked resource that was valued by the Kumeyaay.
Working Through Disaster: Re-establishing Mental Health Care After Hurricane Katrina
Authors: Baker Natalie D. , Feldman Martha S. , Lowerson Victoria 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTObjective:Our research explored how mental health care providers continued to work during and after Hurricane Katrina.Methods:We interviewed 32 practitioners working in the New Orleans mental health care community during and after Hurricane Katrina. Through qualitative data analysis, we developed three temporal periods of disruption: the evacuation period, the surreal period, and the new normal period. We analyzed the actions informants took during these time periods.Results:The mental health care providers adapted to disruption by displaying two forms of flexibility: doing different tasks and doing tasks differently. How much and how they engaged in these forms of flexibility varied during the three periods.Conclusions:Informants' actions helped to create system resilience by adjusting the extent to which they were doing different tasks and the ways in which they were doing tasks differently during the three time periods. Their flexibility allowed them to provide basic care and adapt to changed circumstances. Their flexibility also contributed to maintaining a skilled workforce in the affected region.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2012;6:311–315)
High‐Throughput, Multiplexed Analysis of 3‐Nitrotyrosine in Individual Proteins
Authors: Jin Hongjun , Zangar Richard C. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractReactive nitrogen species (RNS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are derived as a result of inflammation and oxidative stress and can result in protein modifications. As such, these protein modifications are used as biomarkers for inflammation and oxidative stress. In addition, modifications in single‐tissue‐associated proteins released into blood can provide insight into the tissue localization of the inflammation or oxidative stress. We have developed an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay antibody microarray platform to analyze the levels of 3‐nitrotyrosine in specific proteins in a variety of biological samples, including human plasma and sputum. Selective‐capture antibodies are used to immunoprecipitate individual proteins from samples onto isolated spots on the microarray chips. Then, a monoclonal antibody for 3‐nitrotyrosine is used to detect the amount of 3‐nitrotyrosine on each spot. Our studies suggest that this approach can be used to detect trace amounts of 3‐nitrotyrosine in human plasma and sputum. In this paper, we describe our antibody microarray protocol for detecting 3‐nitrotyrosine in specific proteins. Curr. Protoc. Toxicol. 51:17.15.1‐17.15.16. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Developmental Immunotoxicity (DIT): Assays for Evaluating Effects of Exogenous Agents on Development of the Immune System
Authors: DeWitt Jamie C. , Peden‐Adams Margie M. , Keil Deborah E. , Dietert Rodney R. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractDevelopmental immunotoxicity (DIT) occurs when exposure to environmental risk factors prior to adulthood, including chemical, biological, physical, or physiological factors, alters immune system development. DIT may elicit suppression, hyperactivation, or misregulation of immune responses and may present clinically as decreased resistance to pathogens, allergic and autoimmune diseases, and inflammatory diseases. Immunotoxicity testing guidelines established by the Environmental Protection Agency for adult animals (OPPTS 8703.7800) require functional tests and immunophenotyping that are suitable for detecting immunomodulation, especially immunosuppression. However, evaluating immune function in offspring that are not fully immunocompetent yields results that are challenging to interpret. Therefore, this unit will describe an optimum exposure scenario, reference two assays (immunophenotyping and histopathology) appropriate for detecting immunomodulation in weaning‐age offspring, and reference four assays (immunophenotyping, histopathology, T cell‐dependent antibody responses, and delayed‐type hypersensitivity) appropriate for detecting immunomodulation in immunocompetent offspring. The protocol also will reference other assays (natural killer cell and cytotoxic T lymphocyte) with potential utility for assessing DIT. Curr. Protoc. Toxicol. 51:18.15.1‐18.15.14. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Randomized prospective study of a work place ergonomic intervention for individuals with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis
Authors: Baldwin Diana , Johnstone Brick , Ge Bin , Hewett John , Smith Marian , Sharp Gordon 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo conduct a longitudinal randomized controlled trial comparing a work place ergonomic intervention versus a control (i.e., provision of written educational materials) for persons with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or osteoarthritis (OA) regarding employment, physical, and symptom outcomes.MethodsEighty‐nine participants (mean age 50.54 years, 87% women, 38% with RA, 62% with OA) were randomized into the intervention or control group. Seventy‐five participants completed baseline, 12‐month, and 24‐month evaluations. Outcome measures included Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales 2 (AIMS2) physical, symptom (i.e., pain), and role scores (i.e., impact of arthritis on employment); Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS); and Brief Symptom Inventory Global Severity Index. The study design was a 2‐factor (treatment and time) with repeated measures on 1 factor (time) design used with baseline as a covariate for 12‐ and 24‐month data.ResultsBetween‐group analyses indicated differences at 24 months for the AIMS2 role score (P < 0.03), with the intervention group reporting less arthritis‐related impact on their work. Within‐group analyses indicated significant improvements for the intervention group in AIMS2 change scores for physical functioning and symptom variables at 12 months (P < 0.04 and P < 0.01, respectively) and 24 months (P < 0.01 and P < 0.01, respectively). Job satisfaction (JSS) decreased at 12 months for both the intervention (P < 0.01) and control groups (P < 0.01), and at 24 months for the control group (P < 0.01).ConclusionAn ergonomic work place intervention (versus a control) is associated with decreased arthritis‐related work difficulties over 2 years for individuals with OA and RA, as well as improvements in physical functioning and pain.
Long‐term followup for rheumatoid arthritis patients in a multicenter outcomes study of silicone metacarpophalangeal joint arthroplasty
Authors: Chung Kevin C. , Burns Patricia B. , Kim H. Myra , Burke Frank D. , Wilgis E. F. Shaw , Fox David A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjectiveRheumatoid arthritis (RA) often results in deformities at the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints. Patients with severe deformities can be treated by silicone metacarpophalangeal joint arthroplasty (SMPA). The objective of the study is to prospectively compare long‐term outcomes for an SMPA surgical and a nonsurgical cohort of RA patients.MethodsA total of 67 surgical and 95 nonsurgical patients with severe subluxation and/or ulnar drift of the fingers at the MCP joints were recruited from 2004–2008 in this multicenter prospective cohort study. Patients could elect to undergo SMPA or not. Outcomes included the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire (MHQ), Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales 2 (AIMS2), grip/pinch strength, Jebsen‐Taylor Test, ulnar deviation, extensor lag, and arc of motion measurements at the MCP joints.ResultsThere was no significant difference in the mean age, race, education, and income at baseline between the 2 groups. Surgical subjects had worse MHQ function and functional measurements at baseline. At 3 years, the mean overall MHQ score and the MHQ function, activities of daily living, aesthetics, and satisfaction scores showed significant improvement in the surgical group compared to the nonsurgical group. Ulnar deviation, extensor lag, and arc of motion in the MCP and proximal interphalangeal joints also improved significantly in the surgical group. No improvement was seen in the mean AIMS2 scores and grip/pinch strength. Complications were minimal with a fracture rate of 9.5%.ConclusionRA patients with poor baseline functioning showed long‐term improvement in hand function and appearance following treatment with SMPA compared to nonsurgical controls.
N‐Doped Graphene‐SnO2 Sandwich Paper for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Xi , Cao Xinqiang , Bourgeois Laure , Guan Hasigaowa , Chen Shimou , Zhong Yeteng , Tang Dai‐Ming , Li Huiqiao , Zhai Tianyou , Li Liang , Bando Yoshio , Golberg Dmitri 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA new facile route to fabricate N‐doped graphene‐SnO2 sandwich papers is developed. The 7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane anion (TCNQ−) plays a key role for the formation of such structures as it acts as both the nitrogen source and complexing agent. If used in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), the material exhibits a large capacity, high rate capability, and excellent cycling stability. The superior electrochemical performance of this novel material is the result from its unique features: excellent electronic conductivity related to the sandwich structure, short transportation length for both lithium ions and electrons, and elastomeric space to accommodate volume changes upon Li insertion/extraction.
Polyglycerol‐Dendronized Perylenediimides as Stable, Water‐Soluble Fluorophores
Authors: Yang Si Kyung , Zimmerman Steven C. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe synthesis and photophysical properties of water‐soluble, fluorescent polyglycerol‐dendronized perylenediimides 1–4 are reported. The polyglycerol dendrons, which are known to be highly biocompatible, are found to confer high water‐solubility on the perylenediimide in aqueous media while retaining its excellent fluorescent properties. Furthermore, intramolecular crosslinking of the polyglycerol dendrons using the ring‐closing metathesis reaction not only enhances the photostability but also reduces the size of perylenediimide‐cored dendrimers. The permeability of the various dendritic shells is probed using heavy metal ion quenchers and compared to non‐dendritic but water‐soluble perylenediimide 5.
The aggressive peripheral T‐cell lymphomas: 2012 update on diagnosis, risk stratification, and management
Authors: Armitage James O. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackground: T‐cell lymphomas make up approximately 10–15% of lymphoid malignancies. The frequency of these lymphomas varies geographically, with the highest incidence in parts of Asia. Diagnosis: The diagnosis of aggressive peripheral T‐cell lymphoma (PTCL) is usually made using the WHO classification. The ability of hematopathologists to reproducibly diagnose aggressive PTCL is lower than for aggressive B‐cell lymphomas, with a range of 72–97% for the aggressive PTCLs. Risk Stratification: Patients with aggressive PTCL are staged using the Ann Arbor Classification. Although somewhat controversial, positron emission tomography (PET) scans appear to be useful as they are in aggressive B‐cell lymphomas. The most commonly used prognostic index is the International Prognostic Index. The specific subtype of aggressive PTCL is an important risk factor, with the best survival seen in anaplastic large‐cell lymphoma—particularly young patients with the anaplastic lymphoma kinase positive subtype. Risk Adapted Therapy: Anaplastic large‐cell lymphoma is the only subgroup to have a good response to a cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone (CHOP)‐like regimen. Angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma has a prolonged disease‐free survival in only ∼20% of patients, but younger patients who have an autotransplant in remission seem to do better. PTCL‐not otherwise specified (NOS) is not one disease. Anthracycline containing regimens have disappointing results and a new approach is needed. NK/T‐cell lymphoma localized to the nose and nasal sinuses seems to be best treated with radiotherapy containing regimens. Enteropathy associated PTCL and hepatosplenic PTCL are rare disorders with a generally poor response to therapy, although selected patients with enteropathy associated PTCL seem to benefit from intensive therapy. Am. J. Hematol. 87:511–519, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Leptin and adiponectin: Distribution and associations with cardiovascular risk factors in men and women of the general population
Authors: Andreasson Anna Nixon , Undén Anna‐Lena , Elofsson Stig , Brismar Kerstin 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjective:In view of the increasing prevalence of obesity worldwide, understanding the role of the recently discovered adipokines leptin and adiponectin is of high clinical relevance. The aim of the present study was to assess the association between levels of leptin and adiponectin with age, known cardiovascular risk factors and to establish whether there are differences between men and women of the general population.Methods:A total of 98 men and 107 women of the general population, aged between 20 and 74 years, underwent a medical examination at a clinical research center and fasting morning blood samples were also taken.Results:Leptin (mean 7.5 μg l−1 in men and 16.0 μg l−1 in women) and adiponectin (mean 7.3 mg l−1 in men and 11.9 mg l−1 in women) levels were higher in women than men (Ps < 0.001). Both leptin and adiponectin levels increased with advancing age in both men and women (Ps < 0.05). Leptin was highly associated with factors for metabolic syndrome in men while in women, leptin was highly associated with inflammatory factors. Adiponectin was associated with blood lipids in both men and women, and glucose homeostasis more in women than in men.Conclusions:Leptin and adiponectin levels were ∼2 times and 1.5 times higher in women than in men, respectively. In addition, although leptin and adiponectin were associated to CVD risk factors in both men and women, we observed differences in specific CVD risk factor groups between men and women. These differences may be due to different regulatory mechanisms and effects of these adipokines in men and women. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Primary osteoporosis without features of OI in children and adolescents: Clinical and genetic characteristics
Authors: Laine Christine M. , Koltin Dror , Susic Miki , Varley Talia L. , Daneman Alan , Moineddin Rahim , Cole William G. , Mäkitie Outi , Sochett Etienne 
Published: April 2012

AbstractOur aim was to characterize clinical findings and familial associations, and to examine candidate genes for disease‐causing mutations in a cohort of children suffering from primary osteoporosis without features of osteogenesis imperfecta. Patients with osteoporosis and their nuclear families were studied. Medical history was reviewed. Calcium homeostasis parameters were measured and spinal radiographs obtained. BMD was determined by DXA for patients, parents and siblings. LRP5, LRP6, and PTHLH genes were sequenced. Twenty‐seven patients (14 males) from 24 families were recruited. Median age at presentation was 10.1 years (range 3.3–15.6 years). One‐third of the children had at least one parent with a BMD below the expected range for age. LRP5, LRP6, and PTHLH showed no causative mutations. Four polymorphisms in LRP5 were overrepresented in patients; the minor allele frequency of Q89R, V667M, N740N, and A1330V was significantly higher than in controls. Age of onset, clinical severity, and inheritance patterns are variable in children with primary osteoporosis. Several patients had evidence suggestive of familial transmission. The underlying genetic factors remain to be elucidated. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On the interaction between an electric quadrupole moment and electric fields
Authors: Bakke K. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn this work, quantum effects are discussed which arise from the interaction between an electric quadrupole moment and electric fields. It is shown that, by choosing a diagonal electric quadrupole tensor whose components are constants, the interaction between an electric quadrupole moment and electric fields gives rise to the scalar Aharonov‐Bohm effect and to bound states analogous to the confinement of a quantum particle to a quantum dot. Moreover, the influence of a constant force field on the confinement analogous to a quantum dot, and the influence of an antidot‐like potential on the Landau levels of an electric quadrupole moment are discussed.