bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
C/EBPβ binds the P1 promoter of the Runx2 gene and up‐regulates Runx2 transcription in osteoblastic cells
Authors: Henriquez Berta , Hepp Matias , Merino Paola , Sepulveda Hugo , van Wijnen Andre J. , Lian Jane B. , Stein Gary S. , Stein Janet L. , Montecino Martin 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe Runx2 factor is an essential component of the regulatory mechanisms that control transcription during skeletogenesis. Runx2/p57 expression in osteoblastic cells is controlled by the P1 promoter, which is recognized by key regulators of osteoblast differentiation including homeodomain factors and Wnt‐ and BMP‐signaling mediators. Here, we report that the transcription factor C/EBPβ up‐regulates Runx2/p57 expression by directly binding to the Runx2 P1 promoter in mesenchymal, pre‐osteoblastic, and osteoblastic cells. This C/EBPβ‐mediated up‐regulation is principally dependent on C/EBP site II that is located within the first 180 bp of the proximal P1 promoter region and is highly conserved among mouse, rat, and human Runx2 genes. Our studies reveal how the C/EBPβ factor, known to have a key role during osteogenesis, contributes to regulating the expression of Runx2, the master regulator of osteoblast differentiation. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 3043–3052, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of interleukin‐23 circulating levels increase in resected colorectal cancer before and after chemotherapy: Preliminary data and future perspectives
Authors: Adamo V. , Franchina T. , Minciullo P.L. , Pace E. , Colonese F. , Ricciardi G.R.R. , Saitta S. , Ferraro M. , Spatari G. , Gangemi S. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractExpression of IL‐23, a heterodimeric cytokine involved in the induction of Th17 cells, is increased in human tumors. Although the endogenous IL‐23 expression has been reported to promote tumor development and growth, the studies using local and systemic administration of IL‐23 have shown that its application at the excessive amount induces antitumor immune responses. IL‐23 is, today, considered the key driver of intestinal inflammation and its role in inflammatory responses is tissue‐specific. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of circulating levels of IL‐23 in patients with resected colorectal cancer (CRC) before and after chemotherapy, respect to healthy controls. Twenty‐five patients were enrolled between June 2007 and January 2009, and followed through 2010. All patients underwent chemotherapy, mostly FOLFOX4. Twenty‐sex and age‐matched healthy donors were recruited as controls. IL‐23 serum concentrations, measured by a quantitative enzyme immunoassay technique, were significantly higher in patients with resected CRC (26.02 ± 28.63 pg/ml versus 7.1 ± 6.4 pg/ml, P < 0.001) and after chemotherapy respect to controls (21.74 ± 23.82 pg/ml versus 7.17 ± 6.43 pg/ml, P < 0.001). An increase was documented also before chemotherapy (26.02 ± 28.63 pg/ml versus 21.74 ± 23.82 pg/ml, P = 0.7) but not statistically significant. This work investigated, for the first time, the role of IL‐23 in CRC resection and chemotherapy, showing no correlation with the severity of disease, tumor removal, and chemotherapeutic treatment. However, other works are needed to better clarify if IL‐23 could be considered a key‐molecule in human CRC and a target for tumor treatment. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 3032–3034, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Activity of different anthracycline formulations in hormone‐refractory prostate cancer cell lines: Role of golgi apparatus
Authors: Fabbri Francesco , Zoli Wainer , Carloni Silvia , Ulivi Paola , Arienti Chiara , Brigliadori Giovanni , Montanari Marco , Tesei Anna , Silvestrini Rosella , Amadori Dino 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe efficacy of therapy for hormone‐refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) is still unsatisfactory and new agents and therapeutic modalities are needed. The aims of the present work were to examine the in vitro activity and mechanisms of action of doxorubicin (DX), pegylated liposomal DX (PLDX), and non‐pegylated liposomal DX (NPLDX) in DU145 and taxane‐resistant DU145‐R HRPC cell lines. Drug activity and incorporation, apoptosis, and expression of cell death‐related markers were evaluated by SRB test, cytofluorimetric assays, and Western blot, respectively. Among the different DX formulations, NPLDX showed the highest cytotoxic activity in both cell lines, with more than 50% of apoptotic cells at only 1/10 of the plasma peak concentration after 72 h exposure. Anthracyclines, in particular NPLDX, were highly concentrated in the Golgi apparatus. Moreover, a significant increase was observed in the expression of CD95 receptor, GD3 ganglioside and, caspase‐2 and ‐8 active forms in both cell lines followed by caspase‐3 activation and mitochondrial membrane depolarization. The Golgi apparatus, probably acting as a stress sensor, intensified the conventional apoptotic mechanism induced by anthracyclines. Our data support the hypothesis that organelle‐dependent initiation of cell death other than that induced by mitochondria and nucleus is a research area worthy of pursuing and suggest that the Golgi apparatus could be an ideal target for anti‐cancer therapy. Of note, the activity of NLPDX in taxane‐resistant DU145‐R cells warrants further evaluation as second‐line treatment of advanced HRPC after taxane failure. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 3035–3042, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Early changes induced by short‐term low‐dose cadmium exposure in rat ventral and dorsolateral prostates
Authors: Lacorte Lívia M. , Delella Flavia K. , Porto Amorim Elaine M. , Justulin Luis A. , Godinho Antonio F. , Almeida Alaor A. , Felipe Pinheiro Patrícia F. , Amorim Renée L. , Felisbino Sérgio L. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractProstate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men. The etiology of PCa in humans is multifactorial and includes age, ethnicity, environmental factors, and other unknown causes. Epidemiological and experimental evidence has shown that cadmium is associated with PCa both in humans and rodents. This metal can act as an endocrine disruptor during prostate development, and it induces prostate lesions late in life. In this study, we investigated the effects of low‐dose cadmium on rat prostate morphology during puberty. Two‐month‐old male Wistar rats were randomized into two experimental groups: cadmium‐treated and control. The ventral and dorsolateral prostates were dissected, weighed, and immunohistochemically stained with specific antibodies against Ki‐67 and the androgen receptor (AR). The concentration of cadmium was measured in the blood and prostate, and testosterone concentration was measured from the plasma. Our results show that cadmium concentration was increased in both the blood and the prostate of cadmium‐treated rats, but there were no changes in the prostatic weight, epithelial cell height, or testosterone levels. However, AR immunostaining and epithelial cell proliferation (Ki‐67 index) were increased in both prostates with an increase in apoptosis only in the dorsal lobe. Furthermore, atypical hyperplasic proliferative lesions were found in the dorsolateral lobe after cadmium exposure. Cadmium treatment reduced collagen fiber absolute volume in both prostates. Thus, low‐doses of cadmium, even for a short period of time, can interfere with prostate epithelium‐stroma homeostasis, and this disruption might be an important factor in the onset of prostate lesions late in life. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On cubic non‐Cayley vertex‐transitive graphs
Authors: Kutnar, Klavdija , Marušič, Dragan , Zhang Cui 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn 1983, the second author [D. Marušič, Ars Combinatoria 16B (1983), 297–302] asked for which positive integers n there exists a non‐Cayley vertex‐transitive graph on n vertices. (The term non‐Cayley numbers has later been given to such integers.) Motivated by this problem, Feng [Discrete Math 248 (2002), 265–269] asked to determine the smallest valency ϑ(n) among valencies of non‐Cayley vertex‐transitive graphs of order n. As cycles are clearly Cayley graphs, ϑ(n)⩾3 for any non‐Cayley number n.In this paper a goal is set to determine those non‐Cayley numbers n for which ϑ(n) = 3, and among the latter to determine those for which the generalized Petersen graphs are the only non‐Cayley vertex‐transitive graphs of order n. It is known that for a prime p every vertex‐transitive graph of order p, p2 or p3 is a Cayley graph, and that, with the exception of the Coxeter graph, every cubic non‐Cayley vertex‐transitive graph of order 2p, 4p or 2p2 is a generalized Petersen graph. In this paper the next natural step is taken by proving that every cubic non‐Cayley vertex‐transitive graph of order 4p2, p>7 a prime, is a generalized Petersen graph. In addition, cubic non‐Cayley vertex‐transitive graphs of order 2pk, where p>7 is a prime and k⩽p, are characterized. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 69: 77–95, 2012
Thomassen's conjecture implies polynomiality of 1‐Hamilton‐connectedness in line graphs
Authors: Kužel Roman , Ryjáček Zdeněk , Vrána Petr 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA graph G is 1‐Hamilton‐connected if G−x is Hamilton‐connected for every x∈V(G), and G is 2‐edge‐Hamilton‐connected if the graph G+ X has a hamiltonian cycle containing all edges of X for any X⊂E+(G) = {xy| x, y∈V(G)} with 1≤|X|≤2. We prove that Thomassen's conjecture (every 4‐connected line graph is hamiltonian, or, equivalently, every snark has a dominating cycle) is equivalent to the statements that every 4‐connected line graph is 1‐Hamilton‐connected and/or 2‐edge‐Hamilton‐connected. As a corollary, we obtain that Thomassen's conjecture implies polynomiality of both 1‐Hamilton‐connectedness and 2‐edge‐Hamilton‐connectedness in line graphs. Consequently, proving that 1‐Hamilton‐connectedness is NP‐complete in line graphs would disprove Thomassen's conjecture, unless P = NP. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 69: 241–250, 2012
A note on some embedding problems for oriented graphs
Authors: Treglown Andrew 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe conjecture that every oriented graph G on n vertices with δ+(G), δ−(G)≥5n/12 contains the square of a Hamilton cycle. We also give a conjectural bound on the minimum semidegree which ensures a perfect packing of transitive triangles in an oriented graph. A link between Ramsey numbers and perfect packings of transitive tournaments is also considered. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 69: 330–336, 2012
Ovarian serous surface papillary borderline tumors form sea anemone‐like masses
Authors: Tanaka Yumiko Oishi , Okada Satoshi , Satoh Toyomi , Matsumoto Koji , Oki Akinori , Nishida Masato , Yoshikawa Hiroyuki , Saida Tsukasa , Minami Manabu 
Published: February 2011

AbstractPurposeTo clarify the imaging characteristics of ovarian serous surface papillary borderline tumor (SSPBT), whose prognosis is far better than that of serous surface papillary adenocarcinoma (SSPC).Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the clinical and imaging findings of six cases (age range, 26–58 years; mean, 43 years) with SSPBT encountered at our institute from 1996 to 2008.ResultsSerum levels of CA125 were elevated, and they were clinically suspected to have ovarian cancer. All masses were almost entirely solid and showed hyperintense papillary architecture with hypointense internal branching on T2‐weighted MRI. Five patients had peritoneal implants, and two had lymph node enlargement, and all tumors were accompanied by ascites. In all cases, contralateral ovaries had cystic masses with mural nodules or mixed solid and cystic masses, of which the solid part was similar to the contralateral mass. No evidence of recurrence was noted at a follow‐up of >12 months postoperatively.ConclusionSSPBT, which has more favorable prognosis than those of flank ovarian carcinoma, is characterized by a solid mass with papillary architecture and internal branching resembling a sea anemone on MR. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vivo assessment of peripheral nerve regeneration by diffusion tensor imaging
Authors: Morisaki Shinsuke , Kawai Yuko , Umeda Masahiro , Nishi Mayumi , Oda Ryo , Fujiwara Hiroyoshi , Yamada Kei , Higuchi Toshihiro , Tanaka Chuzo , Kawata Mitsuhiro , Kubo Toshikazu 
Published: February 2011

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the sensitivity of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in assessing peripheral nerve regeneration in vivo. We assessed the changes in the DTI parameters and histological analyses after nerve injury to examine degeneration and regeneration in the rat sciatic nerves.Materials and MethodsFor magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 16 rats were randomly divided into two groups: group P (permanently crushed; n = 7) and group T (temporally crushed; n = 9). Serial MRI of the right leg was performed before the operation, and then performed at the timepoints of 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after the crush injury. The changes in fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (λ∥), and radial diffusivity (λ⟂) were quantified. For histological analyses, the number of axons and the myelinated axon areas were quantified.ResultsDecreased FA and increased λ⟂ were observed in the degenerative phase, and increased FA and decreased λ⟂ were observed in the regenerative phase. The changes in FA and λ⟂ were strongly correlated with histological changes, including axonal and myelin regeneration.ConclusionDTI parameters, especially λ⟂, can be good indicators for peripheral nerve regeneration and can be applied as noninvasive diagnostic tools for a variety of neurological diseases. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detrending phase drift: A preprocessing step to improve the effectiveness of the UNFOLD technique
Authors: Hu Yanle 
Published: February 2011

AbstractPurposeTo improve the effectiveness of the UNFOLD technique in removing aliasing artifacts by detrending temporal phase drift in each voxel before the implementation of the UNFOLD technique. This is because linear and quadratic phase trends in temporal signal can shift and broaden aliasing peaks in the spectrum and cause the removal of aliasing artifacts by spectral filtering to be insufficient or even fail when minimal filtering of the spectrum is used.Materials and MethodsA functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study with a visual stimulus was performed on normal subjects to test the hypothesis. A 2D spiral‐in/out sequence was used to acquire k‐space data. Undersampled k‐space trajectories were used to improve temporal resolution. Aliasing artifacts were removed by the UNFOLD technique. For comparison, two image sets, with and without phase trends removal, were obtained from each set of functional data.ResultsAfter detrending temporal phase drift, residual aliasing artifacts that were not suppressed by the standard UNFOLD technique could be successfully removed. Better image quality, temporal stability, and activation maps could be achieved by the proposed method.ConclusionThe proposed method can improve the effectiveness of the UNFOLD technique in removing aliasing artifacts when spectral filtering is kept minimal to preserve temporal resolution. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
HYPR TOF: Time‐resolved contrast‐enhanced intracranial mr angiography using time‐of‐flight as the spatial constraint
Authors: Wu Yijing , Kecskemeti Steven R. , Johnson Kevin , Wang Kang , Rowley Howard , Wieben Oliver , Mistretta Charles , Turski Patrick 
Published: February 2011

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the feasibility of using time‐of‐flight (TOF) images as a constraint in the reconstruction of a series of highly undersampled time‐resolved contrast‐enhanced MR images (HYPR TOF), to allow simultaneously high temporal and spatial resolution and increased SNR.Materials and MethodsTen healthy volunteers and three patients with aneurysms underwent a HYPR TOF study, which includes a clinical routine TOF scan followed by a first pass time‐resolved contrast‐enhanced exam using an undersampled three‐dimensional (3D) projection trajectory (VIPR). Image quality, waveform fidelity and signal to background variation ratio measurements were compared between HYPR TOF images and VIPR images without HYPR reconstruction.ResultsVolunteer results demonstrated the feasibility of using the clinical routine TOF as the spatial constraint to reconstruct the first pass time‐resolved contrast‐enhanced MRA acquired using highly undersampled 3D projection trajectory (VIPR). All the HYPR TOF images are superior to the corresponding VIPR images with the same temporal reconstruction window on both spatial resolution and SNR.ConclusionHYPR TOF improves the spatial resolution and SNR of the rapidly acquired dynamic images without losing the temporal information. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Accuracy of magnetic resonance parkinsonism index for differentiation of progressive supranuclear palsy from probable or possible Parkinson disease
Authors: Morelli Maurizio , Arabia Gennarina , Salsone Maria , Novellino Fabiana , Giofrè Laura , Paletta Rosina , Messina Demetrio , Nicoletti Giuseppe , Condino Francesca , Gallo Olivier , Lanza Pierluigi , Quattrone Aldo 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackground:Combined measurements on conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), such as midbrain area/pons area or magnetic resonance parkinsonism index (MRPI) (pons area/midbrain area × middle cerebellar peduncle width/superior cerebellar peduncle width), have been proposed as powerful tools in the differential diagnosis between progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and Parkinson disease (PD). In this study, we evaluated the accuracy of MRPI, compared with midbrain/pons ratio, in distinguishing PSP from probable and possible PD.Methods:Forty‐two PSP patients, 170 probable PD patients, 132 possible PD patients, and 38 control subjects underwent MRI and, for each patient, midbrain/pons ratio and MRPI were calculated.Results:Midbrain/pons ratio showed low accuracy in distinguishing PSP patients from those with probable PD (92.9% sensitivity; 85.3% specificity; 86.8% diagnostic accuracy) or those with possible PD (88.1% sensitivity, 88.3% specificity, and 88.2% diagnostic accuracy) and control subjects (97.6% sensitivity, 92.1% specificity, and 95% diagnostic accuracy). By contrast, MRPI showed higher accuracy to distinguish PSP from probable PD (100% sensitivity, 99.4% specificity, and 99.5% diagnostic accuracy), from possible PD (100% sensitivity, 99.2% specificity, and 99.4% diagnostic accuracy), and from control subjects (sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of 100%).Conclusions:Our study confirms that MRPI is a more accurate measure than midbrain/pons ratio for differentiation of patients with PSP from those with probable and possible PD. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Recent advances in search of oral heparin therapeutics
Authors: Paliwal Rishi , Paliwal Shivani R. , Agrawal Govind P. , Vyas Suresh P. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractUnfractionated heparin (UFH) and low‐molecular‐weight heparin (LMWH) are first choices of clinicians among available anticoagulants. Currently, these agents are administered either parenterally or subcutaneously, which reduces patient compliance and acceptability. Oral heparin may serve as an alternative to both parenteral heparin as well as presently available oral anticoagulants such as warfarin. This review focuses mainly upon recent perspectives in the development of heparin as an oral anticoagulant. The possibility of its success with special emphasis to nanotechnological approaches has been elaborated. Important strategies such as the use of penetration enhancers, the development of lipid conjugates of heparin, and the incorporation of heparin in polymeric matrix systems have been discussed. Additionally, introductory information on biological activities, physiochemical aspects, and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters of heparin is summarized. A brief comparison of UFH and LMWH is also included for reader's benefit. Informative discussion on clinical trials with the successes and limitations of oral heparin formulations is also presented. Overall, the present review provides complete insight to the research that has been carried out for the development of heparin as oral anticoagulant.  © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev
Transporters that translocate nucleosides and structural similar drugs: structural requirements for substrate recognition
Authors: Cano‐Soldado Pedro , Pastor‐Anglada Marçal 
Published: February 2011

AbstractNucleoside transporters (NT) are integral membrane proteins implicated in the salvage of natural nucleobases and nucleosides for nucleic acid synthesis. These proteins also play a crucial role as carriers of nucleoside analogs used in anticancer and antiviral therapies. In fact, differential expression patterns of NT subtypes among tissues and individuals as well as the existence of genetic variants affect nucleoside‐derived drug permeation, and consequently, their pharmacokinetic and cytotoxic properties. Thus, NT expression patterns may be effective predictive markers of therapeutic response. While the structures of NT proteins are yet to be solved, specific residues responsible for interaction with substrates and inhibitors have been identified, providing further insights into their structure‐function relationship. In addition to transporter structural features, several experimental approaches have been used to identify the structural requirements of nucleosides for interaction with Concentrative Nucleoside Transporters and Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporters (SLC28 and SLC29 gene families, respectively). Pharmacophore models proposed for both protein families may prove suitable for optimizing drug design. Additional transporter proteins, including Organic Anion Transporters, Organic Cation Transporters (members of the SLC22 gene family), and Peptide Transporters (SLC15 gene family), have been implicated in the uptake of nucleoside‐derived drugs, particularly those currently used in antiviral therapies. In this review, we focus on the pharmacological profiles of these transporter proteins, summarizing the documented studies covering structure‐function and substrate structural requirement properties that determine drug‐carrier interaction and efficient substrate translocation across the plasma membrane of target cells. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev
Endomorphins: potential roles and therapeutic indications in the development of opioid peptide analgesic drugs
Authors: Liu Wei X. , Wang Rui 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe application of endomorphins as clinical available analgesic drugs has been impeded by their relatively poor receptor selectivity compared with alkaloid analgesics, rapid degradation in vivo, inefficient to penetrate the blood–brain barrier (BBB), and undesirable or toxic effects, such as acute tolerance and physical dependence, respiratory depression, and inhibition of gastrointestinal motility. Extensive studies have been performed so far striving to conquer these problems. In this article we review and discuss conformational and topographical modifications of the peptide amide bond and amino acid side groups to attain the most appropriate receptor binding affinity and high receptor selectivity; diverse strategies such as insertion of unnatural amino acids, covalent or noncovalent constraints as well as cyclization of linear peptides to enhance the enzymatic stability; designing of peptidomimetic ligands, glycopeptides, andN‐terminal amidinationed analogues (such as incorporating guanidine into endomorphins) to penetrate the BBB. Also, several pertinent examples of bivalent and/or multivalent (such as mixed µ‐agonist/δ‐antagonist profile) compounds are discussed based on the existing literature and current data intending to give an insight into the development of opioid peptides expressing low tendency to produce acute tolerance and physical dependence. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 32, No. 3, 536–580, 2012