bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Childhood cancer in relation to parental race and ethnicity
Authors: Chow Eric J. , Puumala Susan E. , Mueller Beth A. , Carozza Susan E. , Fox Erin E. , Horel Scott , Johnson Kimberly J. , McLaughlin Colleen C. , Reynolds Peggy , Von Behren Julie , Spector Logan G. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Children of different racial/ethnic backgrounds have varying risks of cancer. However, to the authors' knowledge, few studies to date have examined cancer occurrence in children of mixed ancestry.METHODS:This population‐based case‐control study examined cancer among children aged <15 years using linked cancer and birth registry data from 5 US states from 1978 through 2004. Data were available for 13,249 cancer cases and 36,996 controls selected from birth records. Parental race/ethnicity was determined from birth records. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association of cancer with different racial/ethnic groups.RESULTS:Compared with whites, blacks had a 28% decreased risk of cancer (odds ratio [OR], 0.72; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.65‐0.80), whereas both Asians and Hispanics had an approximate 15% decrease. Children of mixed white/black ancestry also were found to be at decreased risk (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.56‐0.90), but estimates for mixed white/Asian and white/Hispanic children did not differ from those of whites. Compared with whites: 1) black and mixed white/black children had decreased ORs for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (OR, 0.39 [95% CI, 0.31‐0.49] and OR, 0.58 [95% CI, 0.37‐0.91], respectively); 2) Asian and mixed white/Asian children had decreased ORs for brain tumors (OR, 0.51 [95% CI, 0.39‐0.68] and OR, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.54‐1.16], respectively); and 3) Hispanic and mixed white/Hispanic children had decreased ORs for neuroblastoma (OR, 0.51 [95% CI, 0.42‐0.61] and OR, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.50‐0.90], respectively).CONCLUSIONS:Children of mixed ancestry tend to have disease risks that are more similar to those of racial/ethnic minority children than the white majority group. This tendency may help formulate etiologic studies designed to study possible genetic and environmental differences more directly. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Comparison of gefitinib versus erlotinib in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer who failed previous chemotherapy
Authors: Kim Seung Tae , Lee Jeeyun , Kim Jeong‐hoon , Won Young‐Woong , Sun Jong‐Mu , Yun Jina , Park Yeon Hee , Ahn Jin Seok , Park Keunchil , Ahn Myung‐Ju 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Gefitinib and erlotinib are commonly used for salvage therapy in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who have progressed on prior therapies. Although both agents have similar structure and have demonstrated efficacy in NSCLC, gefitinib and erlotinib have not been directly compared in terms of efficacy and other clinical outcomes in patients with NSCLC who have failed prior chemotherapy. This prompted us to analyze the clinical outcomes between gefitinib‐treated and erlotinib‐treated patients with metastatic or recurrent NSCLC.METHODS:A total of 467 patients with metastatic or recurrent NSCLC who had progressed on prior therapies and received gefitinib or erlotinib therapy between January 2006 and December 2008 were retrospectively reviewed. By using a matched‐pair case‐control study design, 171 pairs of gefitinib‐treated and erlotinib‐treated patients were matched according to sex, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status, histologic type, and smoking history.RESULTS:The median age of all patients was 58 years (range, 20‐85 years), and the median ECOG performance status was 1 (range, 0‐3). Of 342 patients, 294 (86%) received an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase (TK) inhibitor as second‐line or third‐line therapy, whereas the remaining 14% had received >2 prior chemotherapy regimens before starting EGFR TK inhibitor therapy. The confirmed overall response rate was 35.1%, and the disease control rate was 64%. With 13.2 months of follow‐up, the median overall survival (OS) for the total 342 patients was 12.4 months (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 10.66‐14.14 months), and the median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 3.2 months (95% CI, 2.65‐3.75 months). The overall response rates and disease control rates in the gefitinib‐treated and erlotinib‐treated groups were 38% versus 32.2% (P = .273) and 63.2% versus 64.9%, respectively (P = .677). There was no statistically significant difference noted with regard to OS (median, 12.6 vs 12.1 months; P = 0.99) and PFS (median, 4.6 vs 2.7 months; P = .06) between the gefitinib‐treated and erlotinib‐treated groups.CONCLUSIONS:This retrospective analysis shows that gefitinib and erlotinib appear to have similar antitumor activity in terms of response rate and OS in pretreated patients with metastatic or recurrent NSCLC. Further prospective studies are warranted to elucidate any potential differences in toxicity and in dose intensity between gefitinib‐ and erlotinib‐treated patients. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Cytologically proven axillary lymph node metastases are eradicated in patients receiving preoperative chemotherapy with concurrent trastuzumab for HER2‐positive breast cancer
Authors: Dominici Laura S. , Negron Gonzalez Viviana M. , Buzdar Aman U. , Lucci Anthony , Mittendorf Elizabeth A. , Le‐Petross Huong T. , Babiera Gildy V. , Meric‐Bernstam Funda , Hunt Kelly K. , Kuerer Henry M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:The axillary pathologic complete response rate (pCR) and the effect of axillary pCR on disease‐free survival (DFS) was determined in patients with HER2‐positive breast cancer and biopsy‐proven axillary lymph node metastases who were receiving concurrent trastuzumab and neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy is reported to result in pCR in the breast and axilla in up to 25% of patients. Patients achieving a pCR have improved DFS and overall survival. To the authors' knowledge, the rate of eradication of biopsy‐proven axillary lymph node metastases with trastuzumab‐containing neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimens has not been previously reported.METHODS:Records were reviewed of 109 consecutive patients with HER2‐positive breast cancer and axillary metastases confirmed by ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration biopsy who received trastuzumab‐containing neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by breast surgery with complete axillary lymph node dissection. Survival was evaluated by the Kaplan‐Meier method. Clinicopathologic factors and DFS were compared between patients with and without axillary pCR.RESULTS:Eighty‐one patients (74%) achieved a pCR in the axilla. Axillary pCR was not associated with age, estrogen receptor status, grade, tumor size, initial N classification, or median number of lymph nodes removed. More patients with an axillary pCR also achieved a pCR in the breast (78% vs 25%; P < .001). At a median follow‐up of 29.1 months, DFS was significantly greater in the axillary pCR group (P = .02).CONCLUSIONS:Trastuzumab‐containing neoadjuvant chemotherapy appears to be effective in eradicating axillary lymph node metastases in the majority of patients treated. Patients who achieve an axillary pCR are reported to have improved DFS. The success of pCR with concurrent trastuzumab and chemotherapy in eradicating lymph node metastases has implications for surgical management of the axilla in these patients. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Optimizing utilization of resource pools in web application servers
Authors: Totok Alexander , Karamcheti Vijay 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAmong the web application server resources, the most critical for their performance are those that are held exclusively by a service request for the duration of its execution (or some significant part of it). Such exclusively held server resources become performance bottleneck points, with failures to obtain such a resource constituting a major portion of request rejections under server overload conditions. In this paper, we propose a methodology that computes the optimal pool sizes for two such critical resources: web server threads and database connections. Our methodology uses information about incoming request flow and about fine‐grained server resource utilization by service requests of different types, obtained through offline and online request profiling. In our methodology, we advocate (and show its benefits) the use of a database connection pooling mechanism that caches database connections for the duration of a service request execution (so‐called request‐wide database connection caching). We evaluate our methodology by testing it on the TPC‐W web application. Our method is able to accurately compute the optimal number of server threads and database connections, and the value of sustainable request throughput computed by the method always lies within a 5% margin of the actual value determined experimentally. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nanowires Formed by the Co‐Assembly of a Negatively Charged Low‐Molecular Weight Gelator and a Zwitterionic Polythiophene
Authors: Li Feng , Palaniswamy Ganesan , de Jong Menno R. , Åslund Andreas , Konradsson Peter , Marcelis Antonius T. M. , Sudhölter Ernst J. R. , Stuart Martien A. Cohen , Leermakers Frans A. M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractConjugated organic nanowires have been prepared by co‐assembling a carboxylate containing low‐molecular weight gelator (LMWG) and an amino acid substituted polythiophene derivative (PTT). Upon introducing the zwitterionic polyelectrolyte PTT to a basic molecular solution of the organogelator, the negative charges on the LMWG are compensated by the positive charges of the PTT. As a result, nanowires form through co‐assembly. These nanowires are visualized by both transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Depending on the concentration and ratio of the components these nanowires can be micrometers long. These measurements further suggest that the aggregates adopt a helical conformation. The morphology of these nanowires are studied with fluorescent confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The interactions between LMWG and PTT are characterized by steady‐state and time‐resolved fluorescence spectroscopy studies. The steady‐state spectra indicate that the backbone of the PTT adopts a more planar and more aggregated conformation when interacting with LMWG. The time‐ resolved fluorescence decay studies confirm this interpretation.
Impact of Amino Acid Substitutions near the Catalytic Site on the Spectral Properties of an O2‐Tolerant Membrane‐Bound [NiFe] Hydrogenase
Authors: Saggu Miguel , Ludwig Marcus , Friedrich Bärbel , Hildebrandt Peter , Bittl Robert , Lendzian Friedhelm , Lenz Oliver , Zebger Ingo 
Published: April 2010

Abstract[NiFe] hydrogenases are widespread among microorganisms and catalyze the reversible cleavage of molecular hydrogen. However, only a few bacteria, such as Ralstonia eutropha H16 (Re), synthesize [NiFe] hydrogenases that perform H2 cycling in the presence of O2. These enzymes are of special interest for biotechnological applications. To gain further insight into the mechanism(s) responsible for the remarkable O2 tolerance, we employ FTIR and EPR spectroscopy to study mutant variants of the membrane‐bound hydrogenase (MBH) of Re‐carrying substitutions of a particular cysteine residue in the vicinity of the [NiFe] active site that is characteristic of O2‐tolerant membrane‐bound [NiFe] hydrogenases. We demonstrate that these MBH variants, despite minor changes in the electronic structure and in the interaction behavior with the embedding protein matrix, display all relevant catalytic and noncatalytic states of the wild‐type enzyme, as long as they are still located in the cytoplasmic membrane. Notably, in the oxidized Nir‐B state and the fully reduced forms, the CO stretching frequency increases with increasing polarity of the respective amino acid residue at the specific position of the cysteine residue. We purified the MBH mutant protein with a cysteine‐to‐alanine exchange to apparent homogeneity as dimeric enzyme after detergent solubilization from the membrane. This purified version displays increased oxygen sensitivity, which is reflected by detection of the oxygen‐inhibited Niu‐A state, an irreversible inactive redox state, and the light‐induced Nia‐L state even at room temperature.
Π‐Stacking Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes through Micelle Swelling
Authors: Roquelet Cyrielle , Lauret Jean‐Sébastien , Alain‐Rizzo Valérie , Voisin Christophe , Fleurier Romain , Delarue Morgan , Garrot Damien , Loiseau Annick , Roussignol Philippe , Delaire Jacques A. , Deleporte Emmanuelle 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe report on a new, original and efficient method for π‐stacking functionalization of single‐wall carbon nanotubes. This method is applied to the synthesis of a high‐yield light‐harvesting system combining single‐wall carbon nanotubes and porphyrin molecules. We developed a micelle‐swelling technique that leads to controlled and stable complexes presenting an efficient energy transfer. We demonstrate the key role of the organic solvent in the functionalization mechanism. By swelling the micelles, the solvent helps the non‐water‐soluble porphyrins to reach the micelle core and allows a strong enhancement of the interaction between porphyrins and nanotubes. This technique opens new avenues for the functionalization of carbon nanostructures.
Evaluating transformative practice in the U.S. Postal Service REDRESS program
Authors: Nabatchi Tina , Bingham Lisa Blomgren , Moon Yuseok 
Published: April 2010

AbstractInterest in transformative mediation is growing, yet there are few tools with which to assess mediators' use of the transformative model. This study presents a novel way of examining transformative mediation in practice. It triangulates data from training and screening processes and surveys of both mediators and participants to determine whether mediators in the U.S. Postal Service REDRESS program were correctly using transformative mediation. The results indicate that during the period of the study REDRESS mediators were in fact engaged in transformative practice. Such triangulation of data may be a useful approach to assessing transformative practice in other organizations.
Performance analysis of a cell‐based call admission control scheme for QoS support in multimedia wireless networks
Authors: Nasser Nidal , Guizani Sghaier 
Published: April 2010

AbstractNext generation wireless communication systems, including 3G and 4G technologies, are envisaged to support more mobile users and a variety of high‐bandwidth multimedia services. Different multimedia services have diverse bandwidth and quality of service (QoS) requirements from their users that need to be guaranteed by wireless cellular systems. Furthermore, these systems will use micro/pico cellular architecture to provide a higher capacity. As a result of the smaller coverage area of this architecture, handoff events will occur at a much higher rate compared with the present macrocellular systems. In this paper, a multiple‐threshold bandwidth reservation scheme combined with a call admission control algorithm is proposed and analyzed. The objective of our work is to achieve better QoS provisioning for mobile users while achieving efficient utilization of the available limited bandwidth. The proposed scheme is modeled as M/M/C/C queueing system and the performance measures, call blocking probability (CBP), and call dropping probability (CDP) are computed. The performance of our scheme is compared with the Complete Sharing (CS) policy. Simulation results show that our scheme surpasses the CS policy in terms of CBP, CDP, and bandwidth utilization. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Defining age limits of the sensitive period for attachment learning in rat pups
Authors: Upton Karen J. , Sullivan Regina M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractEnhanced odor preference learning and attenuated fear learning characterizes rat pups' attachment learning Sensitive Period for learning the maternal odor. This period terminates at 10 days old (PN10) with increasing endogenous levels of the stress hormone, corticosterone. Increasing Sensitive Period pups' corticosterone prematurely terminates the Sensitive Period, while decreasing corticosterone in older pups delays Sensitive Period termination. Here we extend these findings and define the age range corticosterone alters learning and question whether corticosterone permanently terminates the Sensitive Period. Pups were odor‐0.5 mA shock conditioned with either corticosterone increased (PN5–6; 4 mg/kg vs. saline) or decreased (PN15–16; naturally by maternal presence or corticosterone synthesis blocker, Metyrapone). Finally, PN7–8 pups were conditioned with corticosterone and reconditioned without corticosterone to assess whether the Sensitive Period was permanently terminated. Results indicate developmental limits for corticosterone regulation of pup learning are PN6 through PN15. Furthermore, inducing precocious corticosterone induced fear learning was not permanent, since reconditioning without corticosterone enabled odor preference learning. Results suggest pups are protected from learning aversions to maternal odor until approaching weaning. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 52: 453–460, 2010.
Bimodal septal and cortical triggering and complex propagation patterns of spontaneous waves of activity in the developing mouse cerebral cortex
Authors: Conhaim Jay , Cedarbaum Emily R. , Barahimi Mitra , Moore Jennifer G. , Becker Matthew I. , Gleiss Helge , Kohl Christine , Moody William J. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSpontaneous waves of activity that propagate across large structures during specific developmental stages play central roles in CNS development. To understand the genesis and functions of these waves, it is critical to understand the spatial and temporal patterns of their propagation. We recently reported that spontaneous waves in the neonatal cerebral cortex originate from a ventrolateral pacemaker region. We have now analyzed a large number of spontaneous waves using calcium imaging over the entire area of coronal slices from E18‐P1 mouse brains. In all waves, the first cortical region active is this ventrolateral pacemaker. In half of the waves, however, the cortical pacemaker activity is itself triggered by preceding activity in the septal nuclei. Most waves are restricted to the septum and/or ventral cortex, with only some invading the dorsal cortex or the contralateral hemisphere. Waves fail to propagate at very stereotyped locations at the boundary between ventral and dorsal cortex and at the dorsal midline. Waves that cross these boundaries pause at these same locations. Waves at these stages are blocked by both picrotoxin and CNQX, indicating that both GABAA and AMPA receptors are involved in spontaneous activity. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 70: 679–692, 2010
On the Tautomerism of Secondary Phosphane Oxides
Authors: Christiansen Andrea , Li Chuanzhao , Garland Marc , Selent Detlef , Ludwig Ralf , Spannenberg Anke , Baumann Wolfgang , Franke Robert , Börner Armin 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe tautomeric behaviour of five secondary phosphane oxides (SPOs) with different electronic properties has been investigated by NMR and IR spectroscopy, density functional theory calculations and X‐ray structural analysis. Proof is given that only with strong electron‐withdrawing groups on the phosphorus atom can the relevant trivalent phosphinous acid be observed in the equilibrium, whereas in the case of electron‐rich phosphane oxides the pentavalent species dominates. For a detailed analysis of the IR spectra, the deconvolution programme BTEM has been successfully applied.
An Enzymatic Toolbox for the Kinetic Resolution of 2‐(Pyridin‐x‐yl)but‐3‐yn‐2‐ols and Tertiary Cyanohydrins
Authors: Nguyen Giang‐Son , Kourist Robert , Paravidino Monica , Hummel Anke , Rehdorf Jessica , Orru Romano V. A. , Hanefeld Ulf , Bornscheuer Uwe T. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe kinetic resolution of a series of acetates of tertiary alcohols bearing a nitrogen substituent has been studied by using several recombinant carboxyl esterases and variants thereof expressed in E. coli. Most of the enzymes were active in the conversion of these tertiary alcohols and excellent enantioselectivities were achieved in the synthesis of three 2‐(pyridin‐x‐yl)but‐3‐yn‐2‐ols with the nitrogen atom in the pyridine ring in the 2′‐, 3′‐, and 4′‐positions. The resolution of tertiary cyanohydrins proved to be more difficult as the enantioselectivity of the enzymes was generally lower. Nevertheless, (S)‐1‐cyano‐2,2,2‐trifluoro‐1‐phenylethyl acetate was obtained with 99 % ee. The results show that the limited substrate range of the individual enzymes in the synthesis of a series of tertiary alcohols can be efficiently overcome by using a combination of different enzymes.
CE‐MS characterization of negatively charged α‐, β‐ and γ‐CD derivatives and their application to the separation of dipeptide and tripeptide enantiomers by CE
Authors: Sungthong Bunleu , Iványi Róbert , Bunz Svenja‐Catharina , Neusüß Christian , Scriba Gerhard K. E. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSulfated, sulfopropyl and carboxymethyl α‐, β‐ and γ‐CDs were characterized by CE‐ESI‐MS using an acidic BGE with anodic MS detection and a basic BGE with cathodic MS detection. Isomers of the sulfated CDs comigrated in both systems. The acidic BGE with anodic MS detection resulted in slightly better separation of the isomers of the sulfopropyl CDs, which were separated according to the number of substituents. In the case of carboxymethyl CDs, isomers with an identical number of substituents but with a different substitution pattern with regard to substitution of the primary and secondary hydroxyl groups of the CDs could be separated using the basic BGE. The separation of the LL and DD enantiomers of dipeptides and tripeptides using the CDs was studied with regard to the amino acid sequence and the nature of the CDs. Standardized conditions with regard to buffer pH, CD concentration and voltage were applied. The peptides were analyzed at pH 2.5 as positively charged compounds and at pH 5.3 as neutral zwitterions. The β‐CD derivatives were more effective chiral selectors for the investigated peptides followed by the α‐CD derivatives. The γ‐CDs were the least effective selectors. The enantiomer migration order depended on both the CD and the amino acid sequence of the peptides. For several combinations, pH‐dependent reversal of the enantiomer migration order was also observed.
Search for optimum conditions of Paulownia autohydrolysis process and influence in pulping process
Authors: García Juan C. , Zamudio Minerva A.M. , Pérez Antonio , López Francisco , Colodette Jorge L. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn this study, we evaluated the potential of a species trihybrid Paulownia fortunei, tormentosa, and elongata as an industrial crop in terms of its contents in holocellulose, lignin, xylo‐oligomers, monomers, and other glucan and its use for making cellulose pulp. Well‐optimized biomass autohydrolysis processes yield valuable liquid and solid phases that can be used to produce liquid fuels and cellulosic pulp. The process was modeled to optimize the extraction of xylo‐oligomers and xylose in the liquid phase while preserving the integrity of cellulose fibers. The optimum processing conditions (viz. temperatures of 180–195°C and operating times of 0–15 min) provided an acceptable solid phase yield (70%), while maintaining a high xylose and xylo‐oligomer contents in the liquid phase. Soda—anthraquinone pulping of solid fraction provide 60.6% pulp yield at Kappa number 33 and a viscosity of 787 cm3/g. The autohydrolyzed chips required 16.6% less alkali than the regular chips to achieve Kappa number 33. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2011