bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developmental Disability in the Young and Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in the Elderly After Anesthesia and Surgery: Do Data Justify Changing Clinical Practice?
Authors: Cottrell James E. , Hartung John 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe assumption that anesthesia has no serious, long‐term, adverse central nervous system consequences may be true for most patients between 6 months and 60 years of age. However, for patients younger than 6 months or older than 60 years, that status quo assumption is under challenge from a growing body of evidence. Fetuses and newborns appear to be at risk because systems that would enable them to fully recover from the effects of more than 2 hours of anesthesia are still in development. In distinction, the elderly appear to be at risk because systems that once enabled them to fully recover have ever‐diminishing capacity. Even for those between the age of 6 months and 60 years, full recovery may require replacing apoptosed neurons and pruning overabundant dendritic spines…perhaps leaving patients not quite the same person that they were before they were anesthetized.Mt Sinai J Med 79:75–94, 2012.© 2012 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Long‐Term Outcomes in Elderly Surgical Patients
Authors: Deiner Stacie , Silverstein Jeffrey H. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAnesthesia has developed to the point where long‐term outcomes are important endpoints. Elderly patients are becoming an increasingly large part of most surgical practices, consistent with demographic shifts. Long‐term outcomes are particularly important for this group. In this review, we discuss functional outcomes in the elderly. We describe the areas of cognitive change and frailty, both of which are specific to the elderly. We also discuss prevention of surgical infections and emerging evidence around hemodynamic alterations in the operating room and their impact on long‐term outcomes. Mt Sinai J Med 79:95–106, 2012. © 2012 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Prediction of Rate and Severity of Adverse Perioperative Outcomes: “Normal Accidents” Revisited
Authors: Saubermann Albert J. , Lagasse Robert S. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification system has been shown to predict the frequency of perioperative morbidity and mortality despite known subjectivity, inconsistent application, and exclusion of many perioperative confounding variables. The authors examined the relationship between the American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status and both the frequency and the severity of adverse events over a 10‐year period in an academic anesthesiology practice. The American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status is predictive of not only the frequency of adverse perioperative events, but also the severity of adverse events. These nonlinear mathematical relationships can provide meaningful information on performance and risk. Calculated odds ratios allow discussion about individualized anesthesia risks based on the American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status because the added complexity of the surgical or diagnostic procedure, and other perioperative confounding variables, is indirectly factored into the Physical Status classification. The ability of the American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status to predict adverse outcome frequency and severity in a nonlinear relationship can be fully explained by applying the Normal Accident Theory, a well‐known theory of system failure that relates the interactive complexity of system components to the frequency and the severity of system failures or adverse events. Mt Sinai J Med 79:46–55, 2012. © 2012 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Robust Hurwitz and Schur stability via interval positivity
Authors: Keel L. H. , Stratton T. F. , Bhattacharyya S. P. 
Published: January 2012

SUMMARYIn this paper, we develop a new approach to computing the entire set of stabilizing controllers for a given continuous‐time linear time‐invariant system by using recent results from interval positivity. The discrete counterpart is also presented. The approaches are based on the sign‐definite decomposition that enables us to deal with functions that are polynomially dependent on the parameters of interests. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predictors of von Willebrand disease in children
Authors: Sidonio Robert F. , Gunawardena Sriya , Shaw Peter H. , Ragni Margaret 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackgroundBleeding and bruising are common symptoms for which children are referred to a pediatric hematologist. Although bleeding scores have been validated to quantify bleeding risk in adults, there are no similar definitive data in children. The aim was to describe presenting bleeding symptoms in children and evaluate if these bleeding symptoms were predictive of von Willebrand disease (VWD) or low von Willebrand factor (VWF).ProcedureWe performed a retrospective chart review of consecutive pediatric patients referred for perceived bleeding symptoms to the coagulation clinic at The Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC. All underwent a uniform bleeding symptom inventory and hemostatic testing. Single and multiple variable logistic regression models were created to predict either VWD, low VWF, or nonspecific defective platelet aggregation, using the predictor variables of family bleeding history, mucocutaneous bleeding, cutaneous bleeding, and surgical bleeding, based on The International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis (ISTH) bleeding definitions.ResultsOf 298 pediatric patients evaluated, 8% had VWD (VWF:RCo and VWF:Ag ≤30 IU/dl) and 34% had low VWF (VWF:RCo and VWF:Ag 30–50 IU/dl). Further, 16% had a nonspecific platelet aggregation disorder, 41% had normal hemostatic testing, and 1% had factor VIII or IX deficiency. In single and multiple variable logistic regression analysis, neither a personal or family bleeding history at presentation, nor the presence of two or more bleeding symptoms were predictive of VWD, low VWF, or nonspecific defective platelet aggregation.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that qualitative assessment of bleeding symptoms alone is not useful in children. Pediatr Blood Cancer © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genetic evaluation of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Iraq using FTA cards
Authors: Al‐Kzayer Lika'a Fasih Y. , Sakashita Kazuo , Matsuda Kazuyuki , Al‐Hadad Salma Abbas , Al‐Jadiry Mazin Faisal , Abed Wisam Majeed , Abdulkadhim Jaafar M.H. , Al‐Shujairi Tariq Abadi , Hasan Janan Ghalib , Al‐Abdullah Hussam M. Salih , Al‐Ani Mouroge H. , Saber Paiman Ali I. , Inoshita Toshi , Kamata Minoru , Koike Kenichi 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackgroundGenetic examination of childhood leukemia has not been available in Iraq. We here report the frequency of TEL‐AML1, E2A‐PBX1, MLL‐AF4, and BCR‐ABL chimeric transcripts in 264 Iraqi children newly diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), using FTA cards impregnated with bone marrow aspirate or whole blood.Patients and methodsThe diagnosis of ALL was made according to standard French‐American‐British morphologic criteria. Based on the results of storage temperature and duration, most of the FTA samples were preserved at 4°C for up to 6 weeks in five Iraqi hospitals and then transferred to Japan for molecular analysis. Nested reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction was adopted for the analysis.ResultsTEL‐AML1 chimeric transcript product was found in 32 (12.1%) of 264 ALL patients. Eleven (4.2%) patients, 4 (1.5%) patients, and 11 (4.2%) patients had E2A‐PBX1 mRNA, MLL‐AF4 mRNA, and BCR‐ABL mRNA, respectively. One patient had both TEL‐AML1 and E2A‐PBX1 fusion genes. The incidence of TEL‐AML1 in Iraqi ALL children appears to be similar to or slightly higher than those of Jordan (12%) and Kuwait (7%). The prevalence and clinical findings of ALL patients with either E2A‐PBX1 or BCR‐ABL were comparable to the data reported elsewhere.ConclusionInternational collaboration via FTA cards may be helpful to improve diagnosis and management of patients with hematological malignancies in low‐income and underdeveloped countries. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012;59:461–467. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bilateral Wilms tumors (WT) treated with the SIOP 93 protocol in France: Epidemiological survey and patient outcome
Authors: Sudour Hélène , Audry George , Schleimacher Gudrun , Patte Catherine , Dussart Sophie , Bergeron Christophe 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe treatment of bilateral Wilms tumors (WT) requires multimodality therapy with individualized decision to ensure cure while preserving as much renal parenchyma as possible.ProcedureWe analyzed the clinical records of 49 children with bilateral WT treated in France between 1993 and 2001, according to the SIOP‐93 guidelines (individual treatment program: Treatment was continued as long as there was imaging evidence of tumor regression). Pathology reports, duration of preoperative chemotherapy and surgical records were also reviewed. Overall Survival (OS) and Event‐Free Survival (EFS) rates were studied and relationships between possible prognostic factors and survival were assessed.ResultsImaging studies revealed bilateral involvement in 98% of the cases. Whatever the response to preoperative chemotherapy, the mean duration of neoadjuvant chemotherapy was 80 days (Q1–Q3: 47–89 days). Forty‐eight children underwent nephron sparing surgery (NSS) at least for one kidney and 19 for both. Five‐year EFS and OS rates were, respectively, 83.4 and 89.5%. Only the most advanced stages were shown to affect OS (P = 0.03). At study endpoint, end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) was reported in seven children, associated with a predisposing phenotype in three.ConclusionsResults of this study demonstrate a favorable outcome of patients with bilateral WT receiving an individual treatment program. With a tailored approach to treatment according to the tumor response, 77% of our patients were operated before the third month of preoperative chemotherapy. In spite of good survival, 14% of our patients have ESRD. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59: 57–61. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Palonosetron for the prevention of nausea and vomiting in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with high dose methotrexate
Authors: Nadaraja Sambavy , Mamoudou Aissata Diop , Thomassen Harald , Wehner Peder Skov , Rosthoej Steen , Schroeder Henrik 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackgroundHigh dose methotrexate (HD‐MTX), used in the treatment of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), is moderately emetogenic. First generation 5‐HT3 receptor antagonists are effective prophylactic agents but require multiple administrations. Palonosetron has a half life of 36–42 hours and has higher affinity and selectivity to the 5‐HT3 receptor. Adult studies have demonstrated that palonosetron is both more effective and require fewer administrations than first generation 5‐HT3 receptor antagonists. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a single dose of palonosetron (5 µg/kg) for the prevention of chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting in children 18 years of age with ALL treated with HD‐MTX, 5 g/m2.ProcedureBetween January 2010 and December 2010, 138 courses, originating from 53 children, were included from four Danish Childhood Cancer Centers. Information regarding emetic episodes, rescue therapy, and nausea were recorded prospectively on questionnaires.ResultsComplete response (no emesis and no rescue therapy) was achieved in 84.1% of courses during the acute (0–24 hours post‐chemotherapy) and in 60.1% during the delayed phase (24–66 hours post‐chemotherapy). 92.0% of courses were free of emesis during the acute, and 86.2% were free of emesis during the delayed phase. 76.8% of courses were free of nausea during the acute, and 78.3% were free of nausea during the delayed phase.ConclusionsA single dose of palonosetron—without concomitant corticosteroid—was effective in preventing both acute and delayed phase CINV in majority of children with ALL treated with HD‐MTX. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59: 870–873. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effect of trauma on expressive language impairment in borderline personality disorder
Authors: Carter Phoebe E. , Grenyer Brin F. S. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTBorderline personality disorder (BPD) is a disorder with known expressive language impairments that may be activated in treatment through interpersonal cues to the trauma memory system of these patients. However, there are few BPD studies investigating this phenomenon empirically. Our previous research is the first known investigation revealing expressive language deficits using clinically relevant trauma‐salient stimuli; the current study extends this to compare specific expressive language deficits on a neutral and emotive stimulus and relationships with trauma history. BPD and matched control (N = 24) verbalizations were analysed by computerized measures of language impairment and pause profiles. BPD subjects evidenced greater overall language impairment and reduced syntactic complexity, but not semantic complexity compared with controls. No such differences were found between the two groups on the neutral condition. BPD subjects utilized significantly higher proportions of pauses for both the emotive and neutral condition. BPD subjects used significantly greater proportions of pauses when generating adjectives related to early relationship with mother, not father. Presence of physical abuse history and PTSD related to some expressive language deficits. These results support neuroimaging findings demonstrating reduced activation of the pre‐frontal cortex or anterior cingulate, alongside increased bilateral activation of the amygdala, during exposure to trauma‐salient stimuli. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The prevalence of personality disorder among ethnic minorities: findings from a national household survey
Authors: Crawford Mike J. , Rushwaya Tendai , Bajaj Priya , Tyrer Peter , Yang Min 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTStudies that have examined the ethnicity of people with personality disorder (PD) in contact with mental health services have generally reported that those from ethnic minorities are under‐represented. However, the relationship between ethnicity and PD in the community is unclear. We therefore conducted a secondary analysis of data from a national household survey of people living in Great Britain to compare levels of PD among people from different ethnic backgrounds. Personality was assessed using the SCID‐II screening questionnaire. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated for the likelihood of people from Black, Asian and other ethnic minority groups having PD. Compared with White subjects, PD was more prevalent among people from Black (OR = 1.44; 95% CI = 1.07–1.96) and other ethnic minority groups (OR = 1.50; 95% CI = 1.07–2.10). These data suggest that in Great Britain, PD is at least as prevalent among Black and other minority ethnic groups as it is among White people. Further efforts need to be made to ensure that people with PD have access to suitable services regardless of their ethnicity. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Critical differences in HIV‐1 and HIV‐2 protease specificity for clinical inhibitors
Authors: Tie Yunfeng , Wang Yuan‐Fang , Boross Peter I. , Chiu Ting‐Yi , Ghosh Arun K. , Tozser Jozsef , Louis John M. , Harrison Robert W. , Weber Irene T. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractClinical inhibitor amprenavir (APV) is less effective on HIV‐2 protease (PR2) than on HIV‐1 protease (PR1). We solved the crystal structure of PR2 with APV at 1.5 Å resolution to identify structural changes associated with the lowered inhibition. Furthermore, we analyzed the PR1 mutant (PR1M) with substitutions V32I, I47V, and V82I that mimic the inhibitor binding site of PR2. PR1M more closely resembled PR2 than PR1 in catalytic efficiency on four substrate peptides and inhibition by APV, whereas few differences were seen for two other substrates and inhibition by saquinavir (SQV) and darunavir (DRV). High resolution crystal structures of PR1M with APV, DRV, and SQV were compared with available PR1 and PR2 complexes. Val/Ile32 and Ile/Val47 showed compensating interactions with SQV in PR1M and PR1, however, Ile82 interacted with a second SQV bound in an extension of the active site cavity of PR1M. Residues 32 and 82 maintained similar interactions with DRV and APV in all the enzymes, whereas Val47 and Ile47 had opposing effects in the two subunits. Significantly diminished interactions were seen for the aniline of APV bound in PR1M and PR2 relative to the strong hydrogen bonds observed in PR1, consistent with 15‐ and 19‐fold weaker inhibition, respectively. Overall, PR1M partially replicates the specificity of PR2 and gives insight into drug resistant mutations at residues 32, 47, and 82. Moreover, this analysis provides a structural explanation for the weaker antiviral effects of APV on HIV‐2.
Bidentate and tridentate metal‐ion coordination states within ternary complexes of RB69 DNA polymerase
Authors: Xia Shuangluo , Eom Soo Hyun , Konigsberg William H. , Wang Jimin 
Published: January 2012

AbstractTwo divalent metal ions are required for primer‐extension catalyzed by DNA polymerases. One metal ion brings the 3′‐hydroxyl of the primer terminus and the α‐phosphorus atom of incoming dNTP together for bond formation so that the catalytically relevant conformation of the triphosphate tail of the dNTP is in an α,β,γ‐tridentate coordination complex with the second metal ion required for proper substrate alignment. A probable base selectivity mechanism derived from structural studies on Dpo4 suggests that the inability of mispaired dNTPs to form a substrate‐aligned, tridentate coordination complex could effectively cause the mispaired dNTPs to be rejected before catalysis. Nevertheless, we found that mispaired dNTPs can actually form a properly aligned tridentate coordination complex. However, complementary dNTPs occasionally form misaligned complexes with mutant RB69 DNA polymerases (RB69pols) that are not in a tridentate coordination state. Here, we report finding a β,γ‐bidentate coordination complex that contained the complementary dUpNpp opposite dA in the structure of a ternary complex formed by the wild type RB69pol at 1.88 Å resolution. Our observations suggest that several distinct metal‐ion coordination states can exist at the ground state in the polymerase active site and that base selectivity is unlikely to be based on metal‐ion coordination alone.
The impact of CRISPR repeat sequence on structures of a Cas6 protein–RNA complex
Authors: Wang Ruiying , Zheng Han , Preamplume Gan , Shao Yaming , Li Hong 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe repeat‐associated mysterious proteins (RAMPs) comprise the most abundant family of proteins involved in prokaryotic immunity against invading genetic elements conferred by the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) system. Cas6 is one of the first characterized RAMP proteins and is a key enzyme required for CRISPR RNA maturation. Despite a strong structural homology with other RAMP proteins that bind hairpin RNA, Cas6 distinctly recognizes single‐stranded RNA. Previous structural and biochemical studies show that Cas6 captures the 5′ end while cleaving the 3′ end of the CRISPR RNA. Here, we describe three structures and complementary biochemical analysis of a noncatalytic Cas6 homolog from Pyrococcus horikoshii bound to CRISPR repeat RNA of different sequences. Our study confirms the specificity of the Cas6 protein for single‐stranded RNA and further reveals the importance of the bases at Positions 5–7 in Cas6–RNA interactions. Substitutions of these bases result in structural changes in the protein–RNA complex including its oligomerization state.
PERSISTING EFFECTS OF RIVER REGULATION ON EMERGENT AQUATIC INSECTS AND TERRESTRIAL INVERTEBRATES IN UPLAND FORESTS
Authors: Jonsson M. , Deleu P. , Malmqvist B. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTRiver regulation can alter the structural complexity and natural dynamics of river ecosystems substantially with negative consequences for aquatic insects. However, there have been few studies of regulation effects on the export of emergent insects into terrestrial ecosystems. In northern Scandinavia, we compared emerged aquatic insect and terrestrial invertebrate biomass between four strongly regulated and four free‐flowing rivers using fortnightly measurements at three upland‐forest blocks in each over one summer. The biomass of emerged aquatic insects was significantly lower along regulated rivers than free‐flowing rivers. Biomass in Linyphiidae, Opiliones, Staphylinidae, total Coleoptera, Formicidae and total terrestrial invertebrates was also lower along regulated rivers. Aquatic insect biomass did not explain the entire regulation effect on terrestrial invertebrates but did explain significant variations among Linyphiidae, total Coleoptera, Formicidae and total terrestrial biomass. Variations in Formicidae also explained significant variance among several terrestrial taxa, suggesting some keystone role in this group. Overall, our results suggest that river regulation affects upland‐forest invertebrate communities, with at least some of these effects arising from links between aquatic emergence and terrestrial predators. The data highlight the need to consider areas beyond the riparian zone when assessing the effects of river regulation. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Patterns, processes, and impacts of abrupt climate change in a warm world: the past 11,700 years
Authors: Shuman Bryan 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAbrupt environmental changes punctuated the warm Holocene epoch (the past ∼11,700 years), and studies of these episodes can provide insight into the dynamics that produce rapid climate changes, as well as their ecologic, hydrologic, and geomorphic impacts. This review considers the processes that generated warm world abrupt changes and their landscape and resource effects, including nonlinear climate system interactions, as well as the possibility that large climate variability can linearly produce apparent ‘state shifts.’ Representative examples of Holocene changes illustrate processes that could produce future changes, including (1) rapid changes in ice sheets, such as by ca 8200 years before AD 1950, (2) shifts in the behavior of the El Nino‐Southern Oscillation (e.g., at ca 5600 years before AD 1950) and Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (e.g., at ca 2700 years before AD 1950), and (3) land–atmosphere feedbacks, such as were possible in North Africa in the mid‐Holocene. These case examples, drawn primarily from the Northern Hemisphere, also reveal the dynamics that generate the types of climate change impacts that would be particularly evident to individuals and societies, such as rapid tree species declines (observed to have taken place within as little time as 6–40 years) and persistent shifts in the regional availability of water. Holocene changes also demonstrate that even progressive climate change can produce important abrupt impacts; that increased rates of background climate forcing may increase the frequency of abrupt responses; and that impacts may well depend upon the particular sequence of changes. WIREs Clim Change 2012, 3:19–43. doi: 10.1002/wcc.152This article is categorized under:

Paleoclimates and Current Trends > Paleoclimate