bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enabling Unbalanced Fermentations by Using Engineered Electrode-Interfaced Bacteria
Authors: Flynn Jeffrey M. , Ross Daniel E. , Hunt Kristopher A. , Bond Daniel R. , Gralnick Jeffrey A. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT

Cellular metabolism is a series of tightly linked oxidations and reductions that must be balanced. Recycling of intracellular electron carriers during fermentation often requires substrate conversion to undesired products, while respiration demands constant addition of electron acceptors. The use of electrode-based electron acceptors to balance biotransformations may overcome these constraints. To test this hypothesis, the metal-reducing bacterium
Shewanella oneidensis
was engineered to stoichiometrically convert glycerol into ethanol, a biotransformation that will not occur unless two electrons are removed via an external reaction, such as electrode reduction. Multiple modules were combined into a single plasmid to alter
S. oneidensis
metabolism: a glycerol module, consisting of
glpF
,
glpK
,
glpD
, and
tpiA
from
Escherichia coli
, and an ethanol module containing
pdc
and
adh
from
Zymomonas mobilis
. A further increase in product yields was accomplished through knockout of
pta
, encoding phosphate acetyltransferase, shifting flux toward ethanol and away from acetate production. In this first-generation demonstration, conversion of glycerol to ethanol required the presence of an electrode to balance the reaction, and electrode-linked rates were on par with volumetric conversion rates observed in engineered
E. coli
. Linking microbial biocatalysis to current production can eliminate redox constraints by shifting other unbalanced reactions to yield pure products and serve as a new platform for next-generation bioproduction strategies.

IMPORTANCE
All reactions catalyzed by whole cells or enzymes must achieve redox balance. In rare cases, conversion can be achieved via perfectly balanced fermentations, allowing all electron equivalents to be recovered in a single product. In most biotransformations, organisms must produce a mixture of acids, gasses, and/or alcohols, and no amount of enzyme or strain engineering can overcome this fundamental requirement. Stoichiometric conversion of glycerol, a waste product from biodiesel transesterification, into ethanol and CO
2
with no side products represents such an impossible fermentation, due to the more reduced state of glycerol than of ethanol and CO
2
. The unbalanced conversion of glycerol to ethanol has been viewed as having only two solutions: fermenting glycerol to ethanol and potentially useful coproducts or “burning off” excess electrons via careful introduction of oxygen. Here, we use the glycerol-to-ethanol example to demonstrate a third strategy, using bacteria directly interfaced to electrodes.
Genetic homogeneity of weathervane scallops (Patinopecten caurinus) in the northeastern Pacific
Authors: Gaffney Patrick M. , Pascal Carita M. , Barnhart Jeffery , Grant W. Stewart , Seeb James E. 
Published: November 2010

We assessed genetic differentiation among populations of weathervane scallop ( Patinopecten caurinus ) in the northeastern Pacific, extending over 2500 km in the Gulf of Alaska and southeastern Bering Sea. Variability was surveyed at nuclear loci with allozyme, microsatellite, and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) methods, and at mitochondrial (mt)DNA loci with SNPs and nucleotide sequencing. High levels of gene diversity were detected for allozymes (H = 0.080), microsatellites (H = 0.734), and mtDNA (h = 0.781). Genotypes at nuclear loci generally fit Hardy–Weinberg proportions, except for some microsatellite loci, for which null-allele frequencies of 0.02 to 0.34 were estimated. No allele-frequency differences were detected among samples, except for the allozyme loci Gpi and Pep-4. Overall levels of differentiation ranged from FST= 0.0004 for allozymes, FST= 0.0008 for mtDNA to FST= 0.0004 for microsatellites. No isolation by distance was found for any of the markers. A unimodal mtDNA mismatch distribution and significant excesses of low-frequency variants for allozymes, microsatellites, and mtDNA may reflect a post-glacial population expansion. The lack of genetic differentiation measured by neutral markers does not preclude the existence of locally adapted, self-sustaining populations that are important in the harvest management of this species.
Evaluation of the Summertime Low-Level Winds Simulated by MM5 in the Central Valley of California
Authors: Michelson Sara A. , Djalalova Irina V. , Bao Jian-Wen 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
A season-long set of 5-day simulations between 1200 UTC 1 June and 1200 UTC 30 September 2000 are evaluated using the observations taken during the Central California Ozone Study (CCOS) 2000 experiment. The simulations are carried out using the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5), which is widely used for air-quality simulations and control planning. The evaluation results strongly indicate that the model-simulated low-level winds in California’s Central Valley are biased in speed and direction: the simulated winds tend to have a stronger northwesterly component than observed. This bias is related to the difference in the observed and simulated large-scale, upper-level flows. The model simulations also show a bias in the height of the daytime atmospheric boundary layer (ABL), particularly in the northern and southern Central Valley. There is evidence to suggest that this bias in the daytime ABL height is not only associated with the large-scale, upper-level bias but also linked to apparent differences in the surface forcing.
The relation between adolescent self assessment of health and risk behaviours
Authors: Nkansah-Amankra Stephen , Walker Ashley Dawn 
Published: November 2010

Objective: Self-rated health (SRH) has become a key organizing construct for assessing multiple dimensions of populations’ physical and psychosocial health functioning. However, it is unclear how adolescents’ subjective self assessment of health reflects health risk exposures, co-occurring health risks (problem behaviours) and other pre-existing health conditions. It is unknown whether adolescents place more emphasis on mental or physical health functioning in determining overall health. Methods: We evaluated the association between SRH and a set of behavioural and other psychosocial health risks including pre-existing medical conditions using Colorado Youth Risk Behavioural Survey (2005). We analyzed the data using descriptive statistics and logistic regression models. Results: Adolescents with behavioural problems were at increased risk of poor health, and in particular females were at a higher risk of poor health compared with boys. However, in sub-group analyses boys with risks of sexual abuses were more likely to report worse health. Current smoking status, perception of body image as overweight and suicidal attempts were the most consistent predictors of poor health among this sampled population. Conclusions: SRH could be an indicator of health risk in situations where other biomedical information about an adolescent is unavailable. It appears that mental health functioning might be one of the most important factors used to determine the overall health in this population of adolescents. The role of parents and other adult mentors might be crucial in assisting adolescents to make appropriate choices regarding underlying health risks related to overall health functioning.
Saliva levels of Abeta1-42 as potential biomarker of Alzheimer's disease: a pilot study
Authors: Bermejo-Pareja Felix , Antequera Desiree , Vargas Teo , Molina Jose A , Carro Eva 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

Background
Simple, non-invasive tests for early detection of degenerative dementia by use of biomarkers are urgently required. However, up to the present, no validated extracerebral diagnostic markers for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer disease (AD) are available. The clinical diagnosis of probable AD is made with around 90% accuracy using modern clinical, neuropsychological and imaging methods. A biochemical marker that would support the clinical diagnosis and distinguish AD from other causes of dementia would therefore be of great value as a screening test. A total of 126 samples were obtained from subjects with AD, and age-sex-matched controls. Additionally, 51 Parkinson's disease (PD) patients were used as an example of another neurodegenerative disorder. We analyzed saliva and plasma levels of β amyloid (Aβ) using a highly sensitive ELISA kit.

Results
We found a small but statistically significant increase in saliva Aβ42 levels in mild AD patients. In addition, there were not differences in saliva concentration of Aβ42 between patients with PD and healthy controls. Saliva Aβ40 expression was unchanged within all the studied sample. The association between saliva Aβ42 levels and AD was independent of established risk factors, including age or Apo E, but was dependent on sex and functional capacity.

Conclusions
We suggest that saliva Aβ42 levels could be considered a potential peripheral marker of AD and help discrimination from other types of neurodegenerative disorders. We propose a new and promising biomarker for early AD.
Periodontal disease and some adverse perinatal outcomes in a cohort of low risk pregnant women
Authors: Vogt Marianna , Sallum Antonio W , Cecatti Jose G , Morais Sirlei S 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the association of periodontal disease (PD) in pregnancy with some adverse perinatal outcomes.MethodThis cohort study included 327 pregnant women divided in groups with or without PD. Indexes of plaque and gingival bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level and gingival recession were evaluated at one periodontal examination below 32 weeks of gestation. The rates of preterm birth (PTB), low birth weight (LBW), small for gestational age (SGA) neonates and prelabor rupture of membranes (PROM) were evaluated using Risk Ratios (95%CI) and Population Attributable Risk Fractions.ResultsPD was associated with a higher risk of PTB (RRadj.3.47 95%CI 1.62-7.43), LBW (RRadj.2.93 95%CI 1.36-6.34) and PROM (RRadj.2.48 95%CI 1.35-4.56), but not with SGA neonates (RR 2.38 95%CI 0.93 - 6.10).ConclusionsPD was a risk factor for PT, LBW and PROM among Brazilian low risk pregnant women.
Interaction Between Enfuvirtide, an Injectable Fusion Inhibitor, and Niacin in an HIV-Infected Patient
Authors: Oates Elizabeth , Dzintars Kathryn 
Published: November 2010

Objective: To report a potential drug-drug interaction between enfuvirtide, an injectable HIV fusion inhibitor, and niacin in an HIV-infected man with dilated cardiomyopathy. Case Summary: A 47-year-old HIV-infected man with dilated cardiomyopathy and prolonged QT syndrome with an automatic implantable cardiovascular defibrillator device was prescribed subcutaneous enfuvirtide 90 mg twice daily as part of his antiretroviral regimen and oral extended-release niacin 500 mg/day for a high-density lipoprotein level of 8 mg/dL After 1 week of concomitant therapy, the patient began experiencing extreme redness, edema, and swelling at the injection site that corresponded with the flushing sensation due to niacin. This interfered with his daily activities, leading to self-discontinuation of both agents. As the patient had tolerated enfuvirtide therapy prior to the addition of niacin, we reinitiated enfuvirtide with close follow-up, and the patient has been maintained on this agent since then without consequence. Based on the Horn Drug Interaction Probability Scale, a probable interaction occurred between enfurvirtide and niacin. Discussion: We hypothesize that a drug-drug interaction occurs between enfuvirtide and niacin related to prostaglandin synthesis and mobilization of inflammatory cells, specifically Langerhans cells. A theoretical mechanism for this interaction is that the Langerhans cells in the epidermis function improperly due to the presence of HIV and the attachment of enfuvirtide. When these cells are exposed to nicotinic acid, an exaggerated immune response is produced that may lead to pain, redness, and swelling at the injection site. Prostaglandins, cytokines, and other inflammatory molecules may all have a role in this interaction. Conclusions: Caution should be used when coadministering enfuvirtide and niacin to HIV-infected patients.
Habitat use and demographic characteristics of the west Mexican cotton rat (Sigmodon mascotensis)
Authors: Schnell Gary D. , de Lourdes Romero-Almaraz María , Martínez-Chapital Sara T. , Sánchez-Hernández Cornelio , Kennedy Michael L. , Best Troy L. , Wooten Michael C. , Owen Robert D. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
In tropical deciduous forest along the Pacific coast in Colima, Mexico, we conducted eight-night mark-recapture studies of Sigmodon mascotensis (January 2003–2005), evaluating habitat preferences and demography. Yearly we established five grids with 100 trapping stations (one ground and one elevated trap; 24,000 trap-nights), each evaluated for 14 environmental measures. We captured 96 S. mascotensis 274 times on 10 grids, most at ground level (85.6%), with densities of 0.84–25.31 individuals/ha. Adults predominated (88.2%), sex ratio (males:females) was 1:0.74, and males were heavier. Sigmodon mascotensis co-occurred with Oryzomys couesi and Baiomys musculus more often and Heteromys pictus less often than chance expectation. For 2004, univariate analyses indicated that stations frequented had more ground cover in woody plants, forbs and grasses; less in litter and bare ground; more vegetation low and less high; lower and more open canopy; and longer distance to nearest tree. Logistic regression indicated preference for open canopy, dense low vegetation, little litter and longer distance to nearest tree. Nonparametric multiplicative regression showed occurrence likelihood decreased as litter increased and increased with increasing slope, average hits at 1 m and average distance to nearest tree. The likelihood was high with no or low canopy, as well as high canopy.
Longitudinal Growth Differences and the Influence of Diet Quality on Atka Mackerel of the Aleutian Islands, Alaska: Using a Bioenergetics Model to Explore Underlying Mechanisms
Authors: Rand K. M. , Beauchamp D. A. , Lowe S. A. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Atka mackerel Pleurogrammus monopterygius make up the single largest biomass of groundfish in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, and are an important component of this marine ecosystem. Atka mackerel show a significant decrease in size from east to west. We compared fish from two study areas reflecting this size cline: Seguam Pass in the eastern Aleutians and Amchitka Island in the western Aleutians. At any given age, the Atka mackerel at the former location are larger than those at the latter (e.g., 5-year-old fish average 732 g and 39 cm fork length at Seguam Pass but only 575 g and 36 cm at Amchitka Island). Our objectives were to determine the mechanisms underlying the observed differences in growth, such as prey availability, prey quality, and thermal experience. We used a bioenergetics model to examine the effects of diet and temperature on growth. The model estimates of consumption fell within the range of those observed for Atka mackerel, suggesting that the model was an appropriate tool for exploring these effects. The results obtained with the model suggest that prey quality is the main factor in the observed size differences. At Seguam Pass Atka mackerel ate a more energetically rich diet consisting of euphausiids and fish, whereas at Amchitka Island copepods dominated the diet and there was little to no fish consumption. The model results also suggest that thermal experience contributed less to the observed differences in growth than did the composition of the diet. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the growth of Atka mackerel will improve predictions of biomass and yield within the framework of a dynamic ecosystem and a changing climate.
Casablanca-Marina : un nouvel urbanisme marocain des grands projets
Authors: Barthel Pierre-Arnaud 
Published: November 2010

Après une décennie de blocage, la marina de Casablanca est devenue l’un des grands projets de la métropole marocaine des années 2000 pilotée par la Caisse de Dépôt et de Gestion (CDG), holding marocaine en pleine expansion, en partenariat avec un investisseur émirati de grande envergure (Sama Dubaï). La reprise en main du projet par un acteur émergent, l’implication directe du Roi, l’arrivée des capitaux du Golfe au Maroc, la refonte de la gouvernance locale et régionale et la construction d’une stratégie métropolitaine sont autant d’éléments permettant de comprendre la relance actuelle d’un processus global de revalorisation de la façade maritime. L’analyse de la fabrique du projet lui-même révèle aussi la mise en place d’un nouvel urbanisme au Maroc dans des situations de « grand projet » : privatisation de l’aménagement, financiarisation des enjeux, management sophistiqué de la conduite de l’action, recours à un système d’expertise internationalisée visant à accélérer la mise sur le marché des différents programmes immobiliers. Véritable « success story » pour la CDG, la marina a été un laboratoire urbanistique et sa réalisation va consacrer l’entrée en scène de l’opérateur dans le développement de Casablanca.
Le soignant en son miroir
Authors: Vasseur Patricia , Vidal Laurent 
Published: November 2010

La prise en charge des accouchements difficiles génère au Sénégal une morbidité et une mortalité importantes. Dans le cadre d’un projet de recherche et d’intervention (AQUASOU), associant disciplines et expertises diverses, des anthropologues se sont penchés sur les mécanismes de prise en charge des parturientes, afin de mettre en place une intervention visant à les transformer. De 2003 à 2006, dans une maternité d’un hôpital de la périphérie de Dakar, ils ont étudié les facteurs compliquant leur prise en charge. Des « rencontres-miroirs » ont été créées et se sont tenues régulièrement, dans un cadre préservant la confidentialité. Les professionnels de santé ont progressivement accepté de discuter collectivement de leurs pratiques, ce qui a transformé les gestes de soins et le fonctionnement de l’équipe.
Full‐Space Electric Field in Mo‐Decorated Zn2In2S5 Polarization Photocatalyst for Oriented Charge Flow and Efficient Hydrogen Production
Authors: Wan Jun , Wang Yu , Liu Jiaqing , Song Ru , Liu Lin , Li Yaping , Li Jiayi , Low Jingxiang , Fu Feng , Xiong Yujie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntegration of photocatalytic hydrogen (H2) evolution with oxidative organic synthesis presents a highly attractive strategy for the simultaneous production of clean H2 fuel and high‐value chemicals. However, the sluggish dynamics of photogenerated charge carriers across the photocatalysts result in low photoconversion efficiency, hindering the wide applications of such a technology. Herein, this work overcomes this limitation by inducing the full‐space electric field via charge polarization engineering on a Mo cluster‐decorated Zn2In2S5 (Mo‐Zn2In2S5) photocatalyst. Specifically, this full‐space electric field arises from a cascade of the bulk electric field (BEF) and local surface electric field (LSEF), triggering the oriented migration of photogenerated electrons from [Zn–S] regions to [In–S] regions and eventually to Mo cluster sites, ensuring efficient separation of bulk and surface charge carriers. Moreover, the surface Mo clusters induce a tip enhancement effect to optimize charge transfer behavior by augmenting electrons and proton concentration around the active sites on the basal plane of Zn2In2S5. Notably, the optimized Mo1.5‐Zn2In2S5 catalyst achieves exceptional H2 and benzaldehyde production rates of 34.35 and 45.31 mmol gcat−1 h−1, respectively, outperforming pristine ZnIn2S4 by 3.83‐ and 4.15‐fold. These findings mark a significant stride in steering charge flow for enhanced photocatalytic performance.
Breaking the Tumor Chronic Inflammation Balance with a Programmable Release and Multi‐Stimulation Engineering Scaffold for Potent Immunotherapy
Authors: Liang Xiuqi , Li Xinchao , Wu Rui , He Tao , Liu Furong , Li Lu , Zhang Yi , Gong Songlin , Zhang Miaomiao , Kou Xiaorong , Chen Tao , You Yanjie , Shen Meiling , Wu Qinjie , Gong Changyang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTumor‐associated chronic inflammation severely restricts the efficacy of immunotherapy in cold tumors. Here, a programmable release hydrogel‐based engineering scaffold with multi‐stimulation and reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐response (PHOENIX) is demonstrated to break the chronic inflammatory balance in cold tumors to induce potent immunity. PHOENIX can undergo programmable release of resiquimod and anti‐OX40 under ROS. Resiquimod is first released, leading to antigen‐presenting cell maturation and the transformation of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells and M2 macrophages into an antitumor immune phenotype. Subsequently, anti‐OX40 is transported into the tumor microenvironment, leading to effector T‐cell activation and inhibition of Treg function. PHOENIX consequently breaks the chronic inflammation in the tumor microenvironment and leads to a potent immune response. In mice bearing subcutaneous triple‐negative breast cancer and metastasis models, PHOENIX effectively inhibited 80% and 60% of tumor growth, respectively. Moreover, PHOENIX protected 100% of the mice against TNBC tumor rechallenge by electing a robust long‐term antigen‐specific immune response. An excellent inhibition and prolonged survival in PHOENIX‐treated mice with colorectal cancer and melanoma is also observed. This work presents a potent therapeutic scaffold to improve immunotherapy efficiency, representing a generalizable and facile regimen for cold tumors.
3,6‐Divinyl‐N‐arylcarbazoles‐bridged diruthenium complexes bearing two Ru(CO)Cl(PiPr3)2 moieties: Polyelectrochromism and electronic coupling
Authors: Abdel‐Rahman Obadah S. 
Published: May 2024

A series of five 3,6‐divinyl‐N‐arylcarbazoles‐bridged diruthenium complexes with a general formula of [{Ru(CO)Cl(PiPr3)2}2(μ‐(CH=CH)2‐(N‐arylcarbazole)‐3,6); aryl = 4‐anisyl; [1a], 4‐tolyl; [1b], phenyl; [1c], 4‐(trifluoromethyl)phenyl; [1d], and 4‐nitrophenyl; [1e]] were successfully synthesized. These new square‐pyramidal bis(ruthenium‐vinyl)‐type complexes were characterized in their neutral state via classical NMR, UV/Vis, and IR spectroscopic techniques and in their three various accessible oxidized states via electrochemical techniques and ESR spectroscopy along with UV/Vis/NIR and IR spectroelectrochemistry as well as with DFT calculations. Our obtained results were compared with the closely related bis(ruthenium‐vinyl)‐appended N‐(4‐anisyl)diphenylamine TAARu2 counterpart of [1a]. Electrochemical studies on complexes [1a]–[1e] revealed three consecutive, chemically and electrochemically, well‐separated, reversible one‐electron oxidation processes at low and well‐accessible potentials. Their half‐wave potential separations ΔE½ between the individual redox waves and the derived comproportionation constants Kc1–Kc3 attribute to noteworthy stability of every oxidized intermediate state. The concert electrochemical and UV/Vis/NIR/IR spectro(electro)scopic results on these rotationally restricted N‐arylcarbazoles‐bridged bis(ruthenium‐alkenyl)‐type complexes [1a]–[1e] confirmed the relative weakness influence of altering the para‐substituent on the peripheral aryl ring. This is most probably due to the sizable torsion with nearly 55° between the co‐planarity of the carbazole heterocycle core and the peripheral N‐bound aryl ring. In their mixed‐valent (MV) radical states [1a]+–[1e]+, the observed pattern of two well‐separated Ru(C≡O) bands mirrors the uneven distribution of the uni‐positive charge over the two chemically equivalent bis(ruthenium‐vinyl) moieties as indicated by classical class II of Robin–Day classification of MV states.