bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salvianolic acid A inhibits ferroptosis and protects against intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Shi Yunpeng , Yan Dongdong , Nan Chengrui , Sun Zhimin , Zhuo Yayu , Huo Haoran , Jin Qianxu , Yan Hongshan , Zhao Zongmao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a common cerebral vascular disease with high incidence, disability, and mortality. Ferroptosis is a regulated type of iron-dependent, non-apoptotic programmed cell death. There is increasing evidence that ferroptosis may lead to neuronal damage mediated by hemorrhagic stroke mediated neuronal damage. Salvianolic acid A (SAA) is a natural bioactive polyphenol compound extracted from salvia miltiorrhiza, which has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antifibrosis activities. SAA is reported to be an iron chelator that inhibits lipid peroxidation and provides neuroprotective effects. However, whether SAA improves neuronal ferroptosis mediated by hemorrhagic stroke remains unclear. The study aims to evaluate the therapeutic effect of SAA on Ferroptosis mediated by Intracerebral hemorrhage and explore its potential mechanisms. We constructed in vivo and in vitro models of intracerebral hemorrhage in rats. Multiple methods were used to analyze the inhibitory effect of SAA on ferroptosis in both in vivo and in vitro models of intracerebral hemorrhage in rats. Then, network pharmacology is used to identify potential targets and mechanisms for SAA treatment of ICH. The SAA target ICH network combines SAA and ICH targets with protein–protein interactions (PPIs). Find the specific mechanism of SAA acting on ferroptosis through molecular docking and functional enrichment analysis. In rats, SAA (10 mg/kg in vivo and 50 μM in vitro, p < 0.05) alleviated dyskinesia and brain injury in the ICH model by inhibiting ferroptosis (p < 0.05). The molecular docking results and functional enrichment analyses suggested that AKT (V-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog) could mediate the effect of SAA. NRF2 (Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) was a potential target of SAA. Our further experiments showed that salvianolic acid A enhanced the Akt /GSK-3β/Nrf2 signaling pathway activation in vivo and in vitro. At the same time, SAA significantly expanded the expression of GPX4, XCT proteins, and the nuclear expression of Nrf2, while the AKT inhibitor SH-6 and the Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 could reduce them to some extent. Therefore, SAA effectively ameliorated ICH-mediated neuronal ferroptosis. Meanwhile, one of the critical mechanisms of SAA inhibiting ferroptosis was activating the Akt/GSK-3β/Nrf2 signaling pathway.
Exceptional atmospheric conditions in June 2023 generated a northwest European marine heatwave which contributed to breaking land temperature records
Authors: Berthou Ségolène , Renshaw Richard , Smyth Tim , Tinker Jonathan , Grist Jeremy P. , Wihsgott Juliane Uta , Jones Sam , Inall Mark , Nolan Glenn , Berx Barbara , Arnold Alex , Blunn Lewis P. , Castillo Juan Manuel , Cotterill Daniel , Daly Eoghan , Dow Gareth , Gómez Breogán , Fraser-Leonhardt Vivian , Hirschi Joel J.-M. , Lewis Huw W. , Mahmood Sana , Worsfold Mark 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe Northwest European shelf experienced unprecedented surface temperature anomalies in June 2023 (anomalies up to 5 °C locally, north of Ireland). Here, we show the shelf average underwent its longest recorded category II marine heatwave (16 days). With state-of-the-art observation and modelling capabilities, we show the marine heatwave developed quickly due to strong atmospheric forcing (high level of sunshine, weak winds, tropical air) and weak wave activity under anticyclonic weather regimes. Once formed, this shallow marine heatwave fed back on the weather: over the sea it reduced cloud cover and over land it contributed to breaking June mean temperature records and to enhanced convective rainfall through stronger, warmer and moister sea breezes. This marine heatwave was intensified by the last 20-year warming trend in sea surface temperatures. Such sea surface temperatures are projected to become commonplace by the middle of the century under a high greenhouse gas emission scenario.
Target recognition in diverse synthetic aperture radar image datasets with low size weight and power processing hardware
Authors: Lane Richard O. , Holmes Wendy J. , Lamont‐Smith Timothy 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper studies the performance of target detection and classification algorithms applied to synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data. We describe a process to merge measured environmental SAR scene images with target image chips to produce a large dataset for training deep learning algorithms. Three algorithms, RetinaNet, EfficientDet, and YOLOv5, were trained using a powerful cloud server. Performance at inference time, in terms of speed and accuracy, was tested on both the cloud server and a low size weight and power (SWAP) single board computer. YOLOv5 was found to be the most accurate and fastest algorithm on the cloud server but the slowest on the low‐SWAP device. RetinaNet and EfficientDet produced operationally useful throughput on the low‐SWAP device for surveillance applications, with RetinaNet having the higher accuracy. Further qualitative analysis of algorithm performance on additional data with different characteristics highlighted the importance of gathering relevant training data and carrying out suitable pre‐processing steps.
Experimental verification of temperature effects on functional parameters in a line start permanent magnet synchronous motor
Authors: Baranski Mariusz , Demenko Andrzej , Szelag Wojciech , Lyskawinski Wieslaw 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe paper deals with the finite element (FE) analysis of the temperature influence on functional parameters of the line start permanent magnet synchronous motor (LSPMSM). The two‐dimensional (2D) FE model of coupled electromagnetic and thermal phenomena in the LSPMSM was described. The non‐linearity of the magnetic circuit and the influence of temperature on the magnetic properties of permanent magnets, as well as on the electric and thermal properties of the materials, have been considered. To analyse the effect of temperature on the functional parameters of a line start permanent magnet synchronous motor, in‐house software was elaborated. The simulation results were validated by measurements of the prototype motor on a specially designed and constructed measuring test stand. The results of the research on experimental verification of temperature effects on functional parameters in the LSPMSM were presented, and the conclusions resulting therefrom have been formulated.
Gene signatures of endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitophagy for prognostic risk prediction in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Lin Xiong , Yang Miaoling , Huang Yuanling , Huang Xiaoli , Shi Huibo , Chen Binbin , Kang Jianle , Ke Sunkui 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGenes associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and mitophagy can be conducive to predicting solid tumour prognosis. The authors aimed to develop a prognosis prediction model for these genes in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Relevant gene expression and clinical information were collected from public databases including Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). A total of 265 differentially expressed genes was finally selected (71 up‐regulated and 194 downregulated) in the LUAD dataset. Among these, 15 candidate ERS and mitophagy genes (ATG12, CSNK2A1, MAP1LC3A, MAP1LC3B, MFN2, PGAM5, PINK1, RPS27A, SQSTM1, SRC, UBA52, UBB, UBC, ULK1, and VDAC1) might be critical to LUAD based on the expression analysis after crossing with the ERS and mitochondrial autophagy genes. The prediction model demonstrated the ability to effectively predict the 5‐, 3‐, and 1‐year prognoses of LUAD patients in both GEO and TCGA databases. Moreover, high VDAC1 expression was associated with poor overall survival in LUAD (p < 0.001), suggesting it might be a critical gene for LUAD prognosis prediction. Overall, the prognosis model based on ERS and mitophagy genes in LUAD can be useful for evaluating the prognosis of patients with LUAD, and VDAC1 may serve as a promising biomarker for LUAD prognosis.
Combining reinforcement learning algorithm and genetic algorithm to solve the traveling salesman problem
Authors: Ruan Yaqi , Cai Weihong , Wang Jiaying 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWith the growing recognition of the unique advantages of reinforcement learning and genetic algorithms in addressing combinatorial optimization problems, this study aims to integrate these two methods to collectively tackle the classic combinatorial optimization challenge of the travelling salesman problem (TSP). The TSP stands as a quintessential combinatorial optimization challenge, tasked with determining the shortest path among designated cities. This paper introduces an innovative approach by amalgamating reinforcement learning's path selection prowess with genetic algorithms' global search strategy, aiming to uncover superior solutions in TSP. Specifically, the experiment employs a dual Q‐learning algorithm within reinforcement learning to identify multiple optimal paths, serving as progenitors for the genetic algorithm to further enhance performance. The paper meticulously outlines the problem modelling process, elucidating TSP instance definitions, descriptions, and precise objective function definitions. Experimental findings underscore the substantial enhancements achievable in TSP optimization through this comprehensive approach, offering a fresh perspective and methodology for tackling combinatorial optimization challenges.
More than 20 procedures are necessary to learn small bowel capsule endoscopy: Learning curve pilot study of 535 trainee cases
Authors: Nielsen Anders Bo , Jensen Michael Dam , Brodersen Jacob Broder , Kjeldsen Jens , Laursen Christian B. , Konge Lars , Laursen Stig Borbjerg 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background and study aims The number of procedures needed to acquire a sufficient level of skills to perform an unassisted evaluation of small bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) is unknown. We aimed to establish learning curves, diagnostic accuracy, and the number of procedures needed for reviewing small bowel capsule endoscopies unassisted.
Methods An expert panel developed a 1-day course including lessons (examination, anatomy, and pathology) and hands-on training. After completing the course, participants received 50 cases in a randomized sequence. An interactive questionnaire about landmarks, findings, and diagnosis followed each case. After submitting the questionnaire, participants received feedback. Data are presented using CUSUM (cumulative sum control chart) learning curves and sensitivity/specificity analyses compared with expert opinions.
Results We included 22 gastroenterologists from 11 different Danish hospitals. A total of 535 cases were reviewed (mean: 28; range: 11–50). CUSUM plots demonstrated learning progression for diagnosis and findings during the course, but none of the participants reached a learning plateau with sufficient competencies. The sensitivity for all findings was 65% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.51–0.82) for the first 20 procedures and 67% (95% CI 0.58–0.73) from case 21 until completion or dropout. The specificity was 63% (95% CI 0.52–0.74) for the first 20 procedures and 57% (95% CI 0.37–0.77) for the rest.
Conclusions Our data indicate that learning SBCE may be more difficult than previously recognized due to low discriminative abilities after 20 cases except for the identification of CD. This indicates that 20 SBCE cases may not be sufficient to achieve competency for reviewing SBCE without supervision.
Efficacy of Mechanical Thrombectomy in Preventing Post-Thrombotic Syndrome in Acute DVT: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Philip Vinoth Kumar , Yasir Mohamed B. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background Lower limb deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is associated with significant morbidity and death. DVT can result in complications such as postphlebitic syndrome, pulmonary embolism, and death. Combining pretest probability, D-dimer testing, and compression ultrasound imaging enables a safe and convenient study of suspected lower-extremity thrombosis. This study aimed to assess the expanding body of research supporting thrombectomy as a form of DVT therapy.
Materials and Methods A retrospective study was performed on individuals with venous Doppler-confirmed DVT and occlusive thrombus. Four-hundred fifty-one consecutive patients were selected for the study based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. In this investigation, thrombectomy was the preferred therapeutic approach.
Results The study reports a male predominance of 56.1%. Most patients (25.7%) were between the age of 51 and 60, with 84.7% reporting pain and lower-extremity swelling as the two most common clinical symptoms. The femoral vein was noted as the most frequent site of thrombus in the current research (51.0%), with acute DVT accounting for most cases (85.1%). Most of the patients (97.3%) were primarily asymptomatic after one year of follow-up.
Conclusion Thrombectomy is a reliable treatment modality for DVT patients in regaining venous patency, preventing DVT recurrence, treating post-thrombotic syndrome, and preventing pulmonary embolism.
Anomalies of Midbrain Hindbrain Development: Midbrain Clefts, Cerebellar Nodular Heterotopia with Overlying Dysgenesis, Cerebellar Foliation Disorder, Pontine Tegmental Cap Dysplasia; Joubert Syndrome; Lhermitte Duclos Syndrome. Diagnosis, Classification and Rehabilitation Hypothesis
Authors: Campo Ersilia , Dierna Federica , Zanghì Antonio , Vecchio Michele , Salafia Stefania , Foti Pietro , David Emanuele , Belfiore Giuseppe , Lavalle Salvatore , Ruggieri Martino , Polizzi Agata 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMidbrain and hindbrain (MBHB) malformations are a rare group of congenital abnormalities that involve the neural structure of the posterior cranial fossa, leading to significant causes of neurodevelopmental dysfunction. Recent advancements in genetic and neuroimaging technologies have significantly enhanced our understanding of these disorders. The integration of these advances has facilitated a systematic classification of these conditions. A basic understanding of MBHB embryology is fundamental in order to understand the malformations occurring in their structures: MBHB neurons are mainly generated in the neuroepithelium, lining the walls of the fourth ventricle. Moreover, the regional specificity of the neural tube is determined by a combination of transcription factors expressed, organizing the fate of the neighboring regions as well. Clinical features of MBHB malformations are typically nonspecific; some patients may be asymptomatic or may develop neurological symptoms including hypotonia, ataxia, abnormal eye movements, decreased visual attention, cranial nerve deficits, cognitive impairment, and psychiatric symptoms. Many malformations have been described. We proposed the description of some of them, reporting their main morphologic aspects, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) peculiar signs and their clinical presentation. Midbrain clefts, for example, are malformations characterized by median separation in the ventral midbrain which involves a communication with the cerebral aqueduct giving a “keyhole” shape. Pontine tegmental cap dysplasia, instead, is a rare hindbrain malformation responsible for a nonprogressive neurological disorder and is described with hypoplastic flat ventral pons, hypoplasia of the middle cerebellar peduncles, and hypoplasia and malformation of the worm. Joubert syndrome, cerebellar nodular heterotopia, abnormal cerebellar foliation, and Lhermitte–Duclos disease, also called dysplastic cerebellar gangliocytoma, have been described as well in order to provide a general overview on this diagnostic challenge reporting the most recent findings.
A Retrospective Study of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Clinical and Treatment Outcome
Authors: Madhu Megha , Saldanha Marina , Bhat Vadish , Aroor Rajeshwary 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is an uncommon disease endemic to Southern China, Southeast Asia, North Africa, and the Arctic. It is uncommon in southern India, and hence its treatment outcome and prognosis are not widely studied in these areas. In this study, our primary objective was to document the clinical presentation of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in southern India and to analyze the response to treatment and follow-up.
Materials and Methods The study is an institutional-based retrospective study including 26 patients with histology-proven nasopharyngeal carcinoma from January 2011 to December 2017. All patients were treated with standard protocol of intensity modulated radiotherapy with concurrent chemotherapy. Data on patient demographics, clinical presentation, treatment, and follow-up were analyzed.
Results The median age at presentation in our study was 53.5 years. The most common histopathology subtype was nonkeratinizing undifferentiated carcinoma (65%). Nodal metastasis was the most common clinical presentation seen in 88% of the patients. Post-treatment, distant metastasis to the iliac bone, lung, liver, and spleen was seen in two patients. Complete remission was achieved in 65%, whereas three patients developed recurrence after the completion of treatment. Five-year progression-free survival was 69%.
Conclusion Nasopharyngeal carcinoma has a good response to concurrent chemoradiation. Long-term follow-up and planning surveillance strategies are essential post-treatment. Disease awareness to aid in early diagnosis and optimize management is imperative as observed from the delayed presentations in southern India.
Taking a longer historical view of America’s renaming moment: The role of Black onomastic activism within the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
Authors: Alderman Derek H. , Inwood Joshua , Stack Katrina 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRenaming practices are increasingly deployed as a political technology in USA campaigns to do greater justice to the rights, histories, and identities of historically marginalized groups. African American social actors and groups have been especially active in this onomastic or naming activism. To fully make sense of this renaming moment, which is often popularly misrepresented as brand new, we outline an approach that takes a longer view of the history of Black naming by drawing together ideas from the field of Black geographies, specifically Katherine McKittrick’s ideas about Black livingness, and our work in critical place naming studies. As an illustration, we conduct a study of SNCC and the way civil rights workers and mobilized communities valued names and deployed onomastic tactics—the (re)naming of people, places, and institutions as part of their creative and grass-roots activism. These onomastic tactics facilitated and accompanied SNCC’s gathering of antiracist intelligence, constructing a subaltern transportation system, and carrying out a revolutionary remaking of place and affective atmosphere in the face of oppression. We not only seek to add a needed racial genealogy of ongoing naming struggles in America, but also use SNCC’s onomastic tactics to tell a story of the Civil Rights Movement generally not well understood and to expand what counts as activism and who counts as activists beyond canonized celebrations of the Movement in popular media and education. As an important guide to current naming struggles, the SNCC experience is instructive of the fact that renaming alone cannot count as liberation. Rather, the efficacy of naming as a civil rights practice comes from the assembling and mobilizing of names with the broader capacities of people, material places, and political practices and discourses.
Escaping poverty: changing characteristics of China’s rural poverty reduction policy and future trends
Authors: Wang Yunhui , Chen Yihua , Li Zhiying 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEliminating poverty is a shared aspiration of people worldwide. This article analyzes 762 rural poverty-related texts promulgated and implemented by the Chinese Government since 1984 using content analysis based on a three-dimensional framework encompassing the time of policy issuance, policy goals, and types of policy instruments. The study outlines the overall landscape and evolutionary context of the policy system. The results show that, during absolute poverty governance, China’s rural poverty governance can be broadly divided into three stages: regional development-oriented poverty alleviation, comprehensive poverty alleviation, and targeted poverty alleviation. Based on the production-oriented welfare model, economic development became the primary goal of poverty alleviation policies, while insufficient attention was given to service support and capacity-building goals. The alleviation of poverty mainly relied on the propulsive force generated by supply-side policy instruments led by the Government and the external driving force generated by environmental policy instruments, with a significant deficiency in the propulsive force produced by demand-side policy instruments. Entering the phase of relative poverty governance, optimizing poverty governance policy instruments requires breaking free from path dependence, following the evolutionary pattern of poverty governance. It involves ensuring that policy instruments support economic development while emphasizing addressing service support and capacity-building goals. It is crucial to increase the frequency of using demand-side policy instruments, stimulate their pulling force on poverty alleviation, and achieve a trend of evolutionary innovation and the collaborative governance of policy instruments.
Predictors of accuracy in L2 Spanish preterit-imperfect production
Authors: Minnillo Sophia , Sánchez-Gutiérrez Claudia , Ruiz-Alonso-Bartol Ana , Morgan Emily , González Gómez Carmen 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Few studies have considered the multitude of factors that influence learners’ accuracy of past tense-aspect use in
L2 Spanish. The present study fills this gap by examining course-level, task-modality, obligatory tense-aspect, and verb frequency
and regularity as predictors of English-dominant learners’ accuracy in contexts that require the Spanish preterit or imperfect.
Learner narrations from the COWS-L2H and CEDEL2 corpora were analyzed. Generalized mixed-effects models reveal that obligatory
tense-aspect and task-modality are significant predictors of accuracy and that frequency is only a significant predictor in
imperfect-obligatory contexts for students from the same Spanish program. Data from one Spanish program is interpreted as
providing partial support for the Default Past Tense Hypothesis (DPTH). The findings add complexity to our understanding of the
route of preterit-imperfect acquisition, showcasing plateauing effects and highlighting students’ use of the present as a default
form.