bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sonodynamic effects of hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether on CNE‐2 cells detected by atomic force microscopy
Authors: Jin Hua , Zhong Xing , Wang Zhiyong , Huang Xun , Ye Hongyan , Ma Shuyuan , Chen Yong , Cai Jiye 
Published: November 2010

AbstractHematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME) has been effectively used to treat solid tumors of some types. However, its application in nasopharyngeal carcinoma has not been studied yet. In this paper, the detailed sonodynamic effects of HMME‐SDT (sonodynamic therapy) on CNE‐2 cells including cell growth inhibition, apoptosis induction, and membrane toxicity were investigated. It was found that HMME alone had less cytotoxicity whereas HMME‐SDT could suppress the cell proliferation in a dose‐dependent manner as detected by MTT assay. The annexin V‐based flow cytometric data indicated that upon SDT, different concentrations of HMME induce distinct types of cell death, apoptosis by low concentration (60 µg/ml) of HMME and necrosis by higher concentration (120 µg/ml). The immunofluorescence of cytoskeleton and nuclei morphology showed that upon HMME‐SDT, the cells became rounding and the cytoskeletal network disappeared, and, the nuclei represented a total fragmented morphology of nuclear bodies. These alternations showed the apoptosis induction by HMME‐SDT. Further AFM study showed that the cell membrane structure and cytoskeleton networks were destroyed, and, the Young's modulus, tip‐cell‐surface adhesion force decreased to 0.22 ± 0.11 Mpa, 35.4 ± 12.8 pN of cells with 120 µg/ml HMME‐SDT from 0.48 ± 0.21 Mpa, 69.6 ± 22.3 pN of native cells, respectively. These membrane changes caused the collapse of mitochondrial transmembrane potential and disturbance of intracellular calcium homeostasis, which was consistent with the results detected by flow cytometry. Therefore, membrane toxicity and cytoskeleton disrupture induced by HMME‐SDT maybe important factors to induce cell apoptosis, and, the disturbance of mitochondrial transmembrane potential and calcium channels might be the apoptosis mechanisms. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 169–178, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cell‐cycle‐dependent localization of human cytomegalovirus UL83 phosphoprotein in the nucleolus and modulation of viral gene expression in human embryo fibroblasts in vitro
Authors: Arcangeletti Maria‐Cristina , Rodighiero Isabella , Mirandola Prisco , De Conto Flora , Covan Silvia , Germini Diego , Razin Sergey , Dettori Giuseppe , Chezzi Carlo 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe nucleolus is a multifunctional nuclear compartment widely known to be involved in several cellular processes, including mRNA maturation and shuttling to cytoplasmic sites, control of the cell cycle, cell proliferation, and apoptosis; thus, it is logical that many viruses, including herpesvirus, target the nucleolus in order to exploit at least one of the above‐mentioned functions. Recent studies from our group demonstrated the early accumulation of the incoming ppUL83 (pp65), the major tegument protein of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), in the nucleolus. The obtained results also suggested that a functional relationship might exist between the nucleolar localization of pp65, rRNA synthesis, and the development of the lytic program of viral gene expression. Here we present new data which support the hypothesis of a potentially relevant role of HCMV pp65 and its nucleolar localization for the control of the cell cycle by HCMV (arrest of cell proliferation in G1–G1/S), and for the promotion of viral infection. We demonstrated that, although the incoming pp65 amount in the infected cells appears to be constant irrespective of the cell‐cycle phase, its nucleolar accumulation is prominent in G1 and G1/S, but very poor in S or G2/M. This correlates with the observation that only cells in G1 and G1/S support an efficient development of the HCMV lytic cycle. We propose that HCMV pp65 might be involved in regulatory/signaling pathways related to nucleolar functions, such as the cell‐cycle control. Co‐immunoprecipitation experiments have permitted to identify nucleolin as one of the nucleolar partners of pp65. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 307–317, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Radiosynthesis, biodistribution and scintigraphy of the 99mTc‐Teicoplanin complex in artificially infected animal models
Authors: Shah Syed Qaiser , Khan Aakif Ullah , Khan Muhammad Rafiullah 
Published: November 2010

AbstractRadiocomplexation of Teicoplanin (TIN), a new glycopeptide antibiotic with technetium‐99m, was investigated. The 99mTc‐TIN complex was assessed for its radiochemical permanence, in vitro stability in serum, binding with methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), biodistribution in Model Rats (MRT) and for scintigraphic precision in Model Rabbit (MRB). Radiochemically, a stable 99mTc‐TIN was observed with 98.90±0.50% yield and remained staunch more than 90% up to 120 min, by mixing TIN, 1.5 mg in 0.5 ml of saline with 2.5 mCi sodium pertechnetate and 150 µl of stannous chloride dihydrate at pH 5.4. The 99mTc‐TIN was found stable in serum with an insignificant undesirable yield of free and unhydrolyzed technetium (5.25±0.10 and 13.5±0.14%, n = 10) up to 120 min of incubation. The 99mTc‐TIN showed in vitro binding with MRSA in the range of 55–65%. The 99mTc‐TIN showed almost six‐fold elevated uptake in the infected (IFT) muscle of the MRT as compared with the inflamed (IFM) and normal (NL) muscles. This higher uptake of the 99mTc‐TIN in the IFT was scintigraphically confirmed after the whole body scanning of the MRB. The radiochemical eternalness with high yield, in vitro stability in serum, binding with MRSA, significant biodistribution performance, and scintigraphic precision posed the 99mTc‐TIN, a new glycopeptide radiotracer for the infection imaging. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of calcium sulfate grounds and fillings of applied tin‐relief brocades by Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Rodríguez Ainhoa , Eremin Katherine , Khandekar Narayan , Stenger Jens , Newman Richard , Bazeta Fernando , Escohotado María Teresa 
Published: November 2010

AbstractApplied tin‐relief brocade (commonly called applied brocade) refers to a decorative painting technique using tin leaf applied over a supporting relief mass (filling) which is glued to the artwork to simulate gold and silver textile brocades. This originated in Germany ca 1415–1430 and spread across Europe from the mid‐15th century to the mid‐16th century. This study focuses on six early 16th century altarpieces in the Basque country in the present province of Guipúzcoa, Spain. Cross sections of the ground and applied brocade were initially examined with optical microscopy and staining tests for proteins and lipids to assess the layering structure and materials present. Further examination with Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy identified the inorganic and organic components of the various layers. Raman spectroscopic mapping was used to image the location of phases in selected cross sections. Five altarpieces from Spain had calcium sulfate grounds, whereas one thought to come from Flanders had a calcium carbonate ground. Raman and FTIR spectra showed that the thick, coarse lower ground layer (yeso grueso) is anhydrous calcium sulfate (anhydrite) whereas the fine, thin upper ground layer (yeso fino) is calcium sulfate dihydrate (gypsum). The filling masses consisted of different mixtures of inorganic (chiefly gypsum or anhydrite but occasionally with other pigments or additives) and organic (protein and/or oil or beeswax) materials. Comparison of the documented historical techniques with the materials found provides insight into local variations of the technique. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Feeling happier when paying more: Dysfunctional counterfactual thinking in consumer affect
Authors: Yoon Sukki , Vargas Patrick T. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn this research the authors examine whether counterfactual thinking, the process of imagining alternatives to reality, can have a detrimental impact on consumers' feelings. Five studies examine the dysfunctional role of counterfactual thinking in the presence of Minimum Purchase Requirement conditional message framing (“X% off all purchases if you spend at least $Y”), and its affective consequences. Results show that the presence or absence of the minimum amount restriction (Studies 1A and 1B), success or failure to meet the restriction (Studies 2A and 2B), and perceived closeness (i.e., outcome proximity) to success or failure in meeting the restriction (Study 3), drastically influence consumer affect to the extent that participants receiving an inferior deal exhibited higher satisfaction than those receiving a superior deal. It is suggested that such promotion‐induced counterfactual thinking polarizes consumer satisfaction, which may impede consumers from arriving at optimal conclusions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Photochemical activation of endosomal escape of MRI‐Gd‐agents in tumor cells
Authors: Gianolio Eliana , Arena Francesca , Strijkers Gustav J. , Nicolay Klaas , Högset Anders , Aime Silvio 
Published: November 2010

AbstractEndocytosis is a common internalization pathway for cellular labeling with MRI contrast agents. However, the entrapment of the Gd(III) complexes into endosomes results in a “quenching” of the attainable relaxivity when the number of Gd(III) complexes reaches the number of ca. 1 × 109/cell. Herein we show that the use of the newly developed photochemical internalization technique provides an efficient method for attaining the endosomal escape of GdHPDO3A molecules entrapped by pinocytosis into different kind of cells. Furthermore, it has been found that a new “quenching” limit is observed when the number of Gd‐HPDO3A complexes is ca. five times higher than the value observed for the endosome entrapped conditions. The observed behavior is explained in terms of the attainment of the conditions in which the difference in proton relaxation rates between the cytoplasmic and the extracellular compartment is higher than the exchange rate of water molecules across the cellular membrane. The experimental data points have been reproduced by using a properly designed theoretical compartment T1‐relaxation model. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Two‐dimensional radial acquisition technique with density adaption in sodium MRI
Authors: Konstandin Simon , Nagel Armin M. , Heiler Patrick M. , Schad Lothar R. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractConventional 2D radial projections suffer from losses in signal‐to‐noise ratio efficiency because of the nonuniform k‐space sampling. In this study, a 2D projection reconstruction method with variable gradient amplitudes is presented to cover the k‐space uniformly. The gradient is designed to keep the average sampling density constant. By this, signal‐to‐noise ratio is increased, and the linear form of the radial trajectory is kept. The simple gradient design and low hardware requirements in respect of slew rate allow an easy implementation at MR scanners. Measurements with the density‐adapted 2D radial trajectory were compared with the conventional projection reconstruction method. It is demonstrated that the density‐adapted 2D radial trajectory technique provides higher signal‐to‐noise ratio (up to 28% in brain tissue), less blurring, and fewer artifacts in the presence of magnetic field inhomogeneities than imaging with the conventional 2D radial trajectory scheme. The presented sequence is well‐suited for electrocardiographically gated sodium heart MRI and other applications with short relaxation times. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Poly(N‐vinylimidazole) based hydrogen bonded side chain liquid crystalline polymer
Authors: Gursel Yeşim H. , Senkal Bahire Filiz , Kandaz Mehmet , Yakuphanoglu Fahrettin 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA new poly(N‐vinylimidazole) (PVI) based side chain liquid crystalline polymer (HB‐PLC) was prepared from PVI as a hydrogen bond acceptor polymer and 11‐(4‐cyanobiphenyl‐4′‐oxy)undekan‐1‐ol (LC11) by molecular self‐assembly processes via hydrogen bond formation between nitrogen of PVI and hydroxyl group of the LC11. The formation of H‐bond was confirmed by using FTIR spectroscopy. The liquid crystalline behavior of the HB‐PLC was investigated by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and polarized optical microscopy. The thermal behaviors of the H‐bonded liquid crystalline polymer were investigated by DSC measurements under various heating rates. The HB‐PLC shows a transition temperature of 97°C with an relatively high enthalpy change of 140.6 J/g corresponding to the transition from liquid crystalline nematic phase to isotropic phase. The activation energy required for liquid crystal phase transformation was found to be 551.75 kJ/mol. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification and evaluation of progressive thermal degradation caused by carbamate formation in cyanate ester resin‐based composites
Authors: Zaldivar Rafael J. , Nokes James P. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe effect of moisture during cure on the mechanical and thermal performance was evaluated for a series of cyanate ester composite laminates. Data presented in our investigation show that the amount of carbamate formation is inversely proportional to the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the cured composite and is typically localized on the outer surface plies adjacent the moisture source. Even though the majority of the composite may remains largely unaffected, the Tg of the localized areas will show sharp decreases which correlate with strength as verified by flatwise tensile tests. Additionally, our test data show that performing just one Tg measurement after cure will not necessarily provide a valid assessment of the state of the composite since additional degradation may occur with subsequent thermal exposure. Accordingly, a second dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) measurement should be performed after an extended, elevated temperature, post‐treatment thereby allowing direct assessment of carbamate degradation. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Effects of PBO fiber and clay on the mechanical, morphological, and dynamic mechanical properties of NR/HDPE blends
Authors: Ahmad Ishak , Ismail Ramli , Abdullah Ibrahim 
Published: November 2010

AbstractPoly(p‐phenylene‐2,6‐benzobisoksazole) (PBO) and natural rubber (NR)/high density polyethylene (HDPE) composites were melt‐blended in a Haake internal mixer. The tensile strength, tensile modulus, and impact strength increased with fiber loading and optimized at 20%. Incorporation of clay into the NR/HDPE/PBO composites resulted in an improvement of tensile strength for NR/HDPE/PBO composites compared to the systems without clay. However, addition of clay was only effective at low contents (5–7.5%). Additional improvement of tensile strength, tensile modulus, and impact strength of the hybrid composite was observed on addition of liquid natural rubber (LNR). Scanning electron micrographs of the samples had indicated that the presence of clay decreased the domain size of the dispersed phase. Results on dynamic response showed that incorporation of clay and LNR into the composites had increased the storage modulus and reduced the tan δ. The shift of glass transition temperature (Tg) to higher values for composites also indicated good interaction between the fiber and the matrix. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Numerical analysis of defect formation during fabrication of high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane solutions
Authors: Bhamidipati Kanthi Latha , Harris Tequila A.L. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that defects like pin‐holes and air entrainment are common during polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) manufacturing. For mass production of defect‐free membranes, an optimized manufacturing process is required. The objective of this work is to understand the nature of defect generation during the manufacturing process of high‐temperature PEM membranes and the factors influencing them. An extrusion process is simulated using a multiphase, laminar model using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques. The effects of processing conditions on quality of the cast and pressure drop are analyzed. The results showed that for a constant inlet to substrate velocity ratio, both the substrate velocity and temperature will have an insignificant effect on the entrained air height. However, their effect on pressure drop is found to be substantial. Further, it is shown that the inlet velocity and slot gap width have significant effect on the entrained air height and pressure drop. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Calculated polar substituent effects on the stability of 4‐substituted(X) ‐ cub‐1‐yl and ‐bicyclo[2.2.2]oct‐1‐yl cations: a DFT study
Authors: Adcock William 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe effects of substituents on the stability of 4‐substituted(X) cub‐1‐yl cations (2), as well as the benchmark 4‐substituted(X) bicyclo[2.2.2]oct‐1‐yl cation systems (7), for a set of substituents (X = H, NO2, CN, NC, CF3, COOH , F, Cl, HO, NH2, CH3, SiH3, Si(CH3)3, Li, O−, and NH) covering a wide range of electronic substituent effects were calculated using the DFT theoretical model at the B3LYP/6‐311 + G(2d,p) level of theory. Linear regression analysis was employed to explore the relationship between the calculated relative hydride affinities (ΔE, kcal/mol) of the appropriate isodesmic reactions for 2/7 and polar field/group electronegativity substituent constants (σF and σχ, respectively). The analysis reveals that the ΔE values of both systems are best described by a combination of both substituent constants. This highlights the distinction between through‐space and through‐bond electronic influences characterized by σF and σχ, respectively. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Luminescent mesogen jacketed poly(1‐alkyne) bearing lateral terphenyl with hexyloxy tail
Authors: Peng Hongxia , Chen Yiwang , Chen Lie , He Xiaohui , Li Fan 
Published: November 2010

AbstractMesogen jacketed liquid crystalline poly(1‐alkyne) and poly(1‐phenyl‐1‐alkyne) linked pendants of terphenyl mesogens with hexyloxy tails at the waist position ({RCC [(CH2)3OOC‐terpheyl‐(OC6H13)2]}n, where RH, PHATP(OC6)2; RC6H5, PPATP(OC6)2) were synthesized. The influences of structural variations on the thermal, mesomorphic, and luminescent properties were investigated. Polymerizations of all monomers are carried out by WCl6‐Ph4Sn catalysts successfully. The polymers are stable (Td ≥ 340 °C) and soluble in common solvents. The monomers and polymers show enantiotropic SmA phases in the heating and cooling processes, and the lateral side chains of the mesogenic units are perpendicular to the main chain. The “jacket effect” of chromophoric terphenyl core “shell” around the main chain also contributes to polymers with high photoluminescence, and the pendant‐to‐backbone energy transfer path is involved in the luminescence process of this polymers. In comparison with monosubstituted polyacetylene PHATP(OC6)2, the disubstituted polyacetylene PPATP(OC6)2 shows better photoluminescence in both THF solution and film, and exhibited about 40 nm red‐shifted than PHATP(OC6)2, indicating that the “jacket effect” of terphenyl mesogens forces poly(1‐phenyl‐1‐alkyne) backbone to extend in a more planar conformation with a better conjugation. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010
Role of resource gap and value appropriation: effect of reputation gap on price premium in online auctions
Authors: Obloj Tomasz , Capron Laurence 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn this study, we draw on the resource‐based view of the firm and on value‐based models of strategy to examine when firms appropriate value from their superior resources. We argue for the need to take into account the role of the resource gap between competitors rather than the absolute resource stock of the focal firm when examining the resource‐performance relationship. In particular, we investigate whether the ability of a reputable seller to command a price premium is influenced by the reputation gap (i.e., the reputation differences between the focal seller and its closest competitor standardized by the reputation stock of both sellers). We test our hypotheses on 72 matched pairs of online transactions screened from more than 2,000 auctions of new mobile phones on the Polish Internet auction site Allegro. We find that the ability of a reputable seller to command a price premium (1) increases with the size of the reputation gap between the focal seller and its matched competitor, and (2) becomes increasingly smaller for each additional unit of the seller reputation gap. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
THE IMPACT OF FAMILY POLICY AND CAREER INTERRUPTIONS ON WOMEN'S PERCEPTIONS OF THE NEGATIVE OCCUPATIONAL CONSEQUENCES OF FULL-TIME HOME CARE
Authors: Ejrnæs Anders 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT
This article examines the role of family policy in shaping mothers’ choice between work and care and the perceived occupational consequences of that choice. A central question concerns how parental/maternal leave and childcare policies affect the occupational consequences for mothers who spend time on full-time caring. Using comparative data from the second round of the 2004/05 European Social Survey, the analysis shows that the duration of career interruption due to care-giving and different care policies influence mothers’ subjective feelings about caring for children having negative consequences for their careers. On the one hand, our findings confirm the hypothesis that long-term absence from the labour market due to full-time care has negative consequences for women's occupational careers. On the other hand, our findings show that countries with well paid leave schemes combined with access to high quality childcare reduce the perceived negative occupational consequences of the time spent on full-time care. This is the case independently of the duration of the career interruption due to care-giving.
Effects of starting score‐line, game location, and quality of opposition in basketball quarter score
Authors: Sampaio Jaime , Lago Carlos , Casais Luis , Leite Nuno 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn several team sports, the game starting score‐line may be understood as a measure of performance accomplishment and hence might have an effect on players' subsequent efforts. The aim of this study was to identify the effect of the starting score‐line, game location, and quality of opposition on basketball game quarter final score. The sample comprised 504 game quarters from the Spanish Basketball Professional League and these were classified as balanced (difference in scores equal of 8 points or less,n=194) and unbalanced (difference in scores of more than 8 points,n=310) usingk‐means cluster procedures. The effects of the predictor variables on game quarter outcome (difference between points scored and points received) in the whole game and in the second, third, and fourth game quarters were analysed using linear regression analysis. The starting game quarter score‐line was only significant in unbalanced situations with very similar effects among different game quarters. The greater the difference in accumulated score at the beginning of each quarter, the more points recovered by the teams who were losing. A small effect from the quality of the opponent was found in the second and third quarters, whereas game location only had an effect when analysing the whole game and second quarter using balanced and unbalanced game quarters combined.