bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES AND A NEW GENUS OF ORIBATEI (ACARI) FROM THE SOVIET SUBARCTIC
Authors: Behan-Pelletier Valerie M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThree new oribatid mites, Niphocepheus aborigensis n. sp. (Niphocepheidae), Proteremaeus macleani n. sp. (Eremaeidae), and Asperemaeus longipilus n. gen., n. sp. (Eremaeidae), are described from subalpine habitats in the subarctic of the Soviet Far East.
EXIT STRATEGY OF UROPHORA CARDUI (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) FROM ITS GALL ON CANADA THISTLE
Authors: Lalonde R. G. , Shorthouse J. D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFeeding activities of freshly hatched larvae of Urophora cardui (L.) cause the formation of callus-filled channels which later serve as the routes by which adults exit their galls. Callus cells of the channels deteriorate the following spring when the gall is wetted by melting snow and rainfall. Establishment of U. cardui as an agent in the biological control of Canada thistle may be impaired in habitats with insufficient moisture to degrade the callus plug.
A NEW SPECIES OF OENEIS (SATYRIDAE) FROM THE NORTH AMERICAN ARCTIC
Authors: Troubridge James T. , Philip Kenelm W. , Scott James A. , Shepard Jon H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA new species, Oeneis excubitor, is described. This species has male valvae similar to those of Oeneis melissa and Oeneis jutta but the wing pattern is roughly similar to that of Oeneis chryxus.
GUSTATORY CUES IN THE ORIENTATION OF DENDROCTONUS PONDEROSAE (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) TO HOST TREES
Authors: Raffa K. F. , Berryman A. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFemale mountain pine beetles, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, were exposed to papers soaked in outer bark extracts of lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta Douglas var. latifolia Engelmann. Both benzene and methanol–water extracts elicited greater feeding activity than did controls. Non-polar host compounds exhibited greater incitant (initiation of feeding) properties, while polar compounds were more powerful stimulants (continuation of feeding). No differences were detected in feeding on extracts from resistant or susceptible trees. Repellency appears to be associated with beetle responses to active host metabolism.
A FURTHER EVALUATION OF THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE PHEROMONES AND TWO HOST KAIROMONES OF THE AMBROSIA BEETLES TRYPODENDRON LINEATUM AND GNATHOTRICHUS SULCATUS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)
Authors: Shore T. L. , McLean J. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA Latin square design field experiment using treatment, site, and occasion as main effects was set up in spring 1981 to assess the responses of Trypodendron lineatum (Olivier) and Gnathotrichus sulcatus (LeConte) to traps baited with the pheromones lineatin and sulcatol alone and in combination with each other and with ethanol plus α-pinene. Addition of sulcatol to either lineatin or lineatin plus ethanol plus α-pinene resulted in significantly reduced catches of T. lineatum. Addition of ethanol plus α-pinene to sulcatol or lineatin resulted in significantly greater catches of both sexes of G. sulcatus and T. lineatum. These results suggest that separate traps be set out for each species in mass trapping suppression programs in timber processing areas and that ethanol and α-pinene be included with the pheromone to maximize catches of both of these ambrosia beetle species.
TOXICITY OF THE INSECTICIDE PERMETHRIN IN WATER AND SEDIMENT TO NYMPHS OF THE BURROWING MAYFLY HEXAGENIA RIGIDA (EPHEMEROPTERA: EPHEMERIDAE)
Authors: Friesen M. K. , Flannagan J. F. , Galloway T. D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe 6 LC50 for nymphs of Hexagenia rigida exposed to permethrin-contaminated water without sediment was estimated to lie between 0.58 and 2.06 μg/L. No nymphs survived a 6 h exposure to 7.63 μg/L. Laboratory simulated application of 7.3 g/ha permethrin to H. rigida nymphs in culture resulted in a final mortality of 88.0 ± 15.2% after a 1-day exposure, and 100.0% after a 7 day exposure; initial permethrin concentrations in water were estimated to be 7.63 μg/L and maximum mean concentrations in sediment, measured 1 and 7 days after application, were estimated to be approximately 50 μg/kg dry weight. Exposure of nymphs to sediment contaminated 8 days previously resulted in 100.0% mortality. An application of 0.6 g/ha resulted in final mortality of up to 45.0 ± 4.1%. Lethal effects occurred in some cases between 1 and 4 and possibly up to 10 weeks after application.
MODIFICATIONS IN THE CALLING BEHAVIOUR OF PSEUDALETIA VNIPUNCTA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE), INDUCED BY TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS DURING PUPAL AND ADULT DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Turgeon Jean J. , McNeil Jeremy N. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe age at which Pseudaletia unipuncta females initiated calling varied with temperatures experienced during pupal and adult stages. Entrainment was induced by temperatures during pupal development if similar to or lower than temperatures during adult life. However, adult temperatures were of major importance if lower than those experienced during pupal development. These observations were generally supported by data from field experiments repeated at different periods of the summer. The possibility that entrainment occurs at a specific period of development is proposed to explain certain field observations.Changes in mean onset time of calling and the time spent calling also varied, although generally not in the same manner as reported for other species. Differences in the life cycles, particularly the site of pupation, are proposed to explain these discrepancies.
THE INFLUENCE OF COMPANION HERBS ON EGG DISTRIBUTION OF THE IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM, PIERIS RAPAE (LEPIDOPTERA: PIERIDAE), ON COLLARD PLANTS
Authors: Latheef M. A. , Ortiz J. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe effect of interplanting collards with a mixture of herbs on oviposition of the imported cabbageworm, Pieris rapae (L.), was investigated at Chesterfield Co., Virginia during 1981 and 1982. Analysis of the dispersion indices of the insect using Taylor's power law and Iwao's model revealed that P. rapae eggs were significantly — m (P < 0.001) clumped (b > 1) on collards interplanted with herbs. However, insect counts on control collards conformed to the Poisson distribution (b = 1, P > 0.05). Pieris rapae laid significantly (P < 0.01) more eggs on collards hidden between sage than on collards hidden between other companion plants. Also, P. rapae laid significantly (P < 0.005) more eggs on collards bordered by companion plants than on non-bordered control. These data suggest that companion herbs did not repel P. rapae but instead significantly encouraged colonization of the insect and produced an aggregated distribution.
INFLUENCE OF SOIL TYPE, SOIL MOISTURE, AND SOIL SURFACE CONDITIONS ON OVIPOSITION PREFERENCE OF THE NORTHERN CORN ROOTWORM, DIABROTICA LONGICORNIS (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)
Authors: Dominique C. R. , Yule W. N. , Martel P. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn laboratory studies, ovipositing northern corn rootworm beetles significantly preferred Ste. Rosalie clay soil with particles 1 mm – 1.4 cm in diameter. In the field, unaltered local farm soil with natural cracks was preferred for oviposition to mechanically-disturbed soil. Surface condition, surface cover, and soil moisture all combined to influence the choice of oviposition site in field soils.
POPULATION DENSITY AND DYNAMICS OF LARCH CASEBEARER (LEPIDOPTERA: COLEOPHORIDAE) IN THE BLUE MOUNTAINS OF OREGON AND WASHINGTON BEFORE THE BUILD-UP OF EXOTIC PARASITES
Authors: Ryan R. B. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPopulation density and parasitism of larch casebearer, Coleophora laricella (Hübner), were monitored for 10 years before parasites introduced for biological control became abundant. Overwintering densities remained fairly stable at about 100 larvae per 100 buds. The factor most closely correlated with population change was something, as yet unknown, other than the native parasites, which tended to be inversely density-dependent. The data will serve as the “before” period in a before and after evaluation of the biological control program.
PEST STATUS OF FILBERT (HAZELNUT) INSECTS: A 10-YEAR STUDY
Authors: AliNiazee M. T. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTwo blocks (one .36, other .48 ha) of filbert (hazelnut), Corylus avellana L., trees were left unsprayed for 10 years and the pest status of different species determined by periodic field examination and damage counts. The omission of all pesticides resulted in excessive build-up of the filbertworm, Melissopus latiferreanus (Wals.) (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae) populations resulting in an average of over 20% nut damage. Filbert leafroller, Archips rosanus (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), and filbert aphid, Myzocallis coryli (Goeze) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), populations declined and no apparent economic damage was caused by these two pests. No damage was observed from other recorded arthropod pests.An economic analysis of standard filbert pest control programs in the Willamette Valley of Oregon indicated that during the study years, the total insecticide spray expenditures in commercial orchards ranged from 6.5% to 18.3% of the yearly returns in U.S. dollars/ha. Damage in unsprayed study orchards during this 10-year period suggests that the sprays applied for the control of aphid and leafroller yielded no return, while the sprays applied for control of the filbertworm returned an average of $3.80 for every dollar spent.
LABORATORY EVALUATION OF MICROENCAPSULATED FORMULATIONS OF CHLORPYRIFOS-METHYL AGAINST BLACK FLY LARVAE (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE) AND SELECTED NONTARGET INVERTEBRATES
Authors: Rodrigues C. S. , Kaushik N. K. , Molloy D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLaboratory tests were conducted under simulated stream conditions to determine the efficacies of microencapsulated formulations of chlorpyrifos-methyl (Reldan® 10–10) against Simulium and Prosimulium late-instar larvae. In tests with eight formulations, no correlation was evident between efficacy and formulation stability (i.e., cross-linking ratio). The most effective formulations were 34-75-50A, 119-75-6A, and 119-75-6C. The LC50 and LC90 values of 34–75–50A against S. vittatum were 5.5 μg/L and 24 μg/L/10 min. respectively. The formulations 119-75-6A and 119-75-6C were statistically not different from 34-75-50A. Prosimulium magnum was less susceptible (LC50 = 36μg/L, LC90 = 205 μg/L). Susceptibility among S. vittatum larvae varied inversely with size. Treatment with formulation 34-75-50A at 237 μg/L/10 min (the observed LC100 for S. vittatum) severely affected nymphs of the mayfly Baetis sp. and the stonefly Taeniopteryx burksi, but had a minimal effect on most other detritivores, filter-feeding caddisflies (Hydropsyche betteni and Brachycentrus sp.), and predators. Mortality increased significantly in some of these latter species, however, when exposed to 492 μg/L/10 min (the observed LC100 for P. magnum). Tests indicated that there was some leakage of active ingredient from the microcapsules into the water. Although the microencapsulated formulations of chlorpyrifos-methyl were designed to have selective toxicity to black fly larvae, our laboratory tests indicated that they were not as safe towards nonfilter feeders as had been expected.
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE EMERGENCE OF OVERWINTERING PHYLLONORYCTER BLANCARDELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: GRACILLARIIDAE) AND ITS PARASITE APANTELES ORNIGIS (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE) IN NOVA SCOTIA
Authors: Herbert H. J. , McRae K. B. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAdult emergence of the spotted tentiform leafminer, Phyllonorycter blancardella (F.), and its primary endoparasite, Apanteles ornigis Weed, from overwintering pupae was studied at five constant temperatures. Days to 50% emergence for P. blancardella were 55.4, 24.4, 14.4, 10.8, and 8.3 and for A. ornigis were ∞, 47.8, 25.6, 17.6, and 15.1 at 8°, 12°, 16°, 20°, and 24 °C, respectively. The rate of pupal development was approximately a linear function of temperature for P. blancardella but was nonlinear for A. ornigis. The threshold of development, estimated from the 50% emergence data, was 4.4 ±.33 °C for the host and 9.6 ±.50 °C for the parasite. The development time for the host was approximately one half that for the parasite at temperatures 12°–24 °C. The difference in emergence dates between host and parasite under normal Nova Scotia conditions was predicted to be 35 days. The timing of chemical controls in an integrated pest management program could be predicted from the accumulation of daily development units based on the power function for both species, provided a field study is undertaken to confirm the extrapolation to diurnal temperature regimes.
A REVISION OF GRYON HALIDAY IN NORTH AMERICA (HYMENOPTERA: PROCTOTRUPOIDEA: SCELIONIDAE)
Authors: Masner Lubomir 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe genus Gryon Haliday in North America is revised. Twenty-seven species are recognized, 12 of them new to science: G. aculeator, G. acutiventre, G. atrum, G. chelinideae, G. elatior, G. longipenne, G. obesum, G. radiculare, G. stewarti, G. triangulum, G. vitripenne, and G. xanthosoma. The tribe Gryonini is discussed, and a key to North American genera of the tribe is included. A generic diagnosis of Gryon is given, and seven species-groups are discussed and(or) proposed. A key, diagnoses, relationships, and bionomics of species in North America are given. New terms for additional characters found on the posterior surfaces of the head are defined and figured.
EPIDAMAEUS (ACARI: DAMAEIDAE) OF ARCTIC WESTERN NORTH AMERICA AND EXTREME NORTHEAST, U.S.S.R.
Authors: Behan-Pelletier Valerie M. , Norton Roy A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractEight species of Epidamaeus of arctic western North America and extreme northeast, U.S.S.R. are discussed. Two new species, Epidamaeus hammerae and E. tritylos, are proposed and E. arcticolus, E. kodiakensis, E. mackenziensis, E. bakeri, E. coxalis and E. fortispinosus, previously described by Hammer, are redescribed.
A REVISION OF THE NEW WORLD GENERA ALLIED TO MEGAGRAPHA MELANDER (DIPTERA: EMPIDIDAE)
Authors: Chillcott J. G. , Teskey H. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMegagrapha Melander and the four other New World genera named below are defined as a natural group which belong to the tribe Drapetini of the subfamily Tachydrominae. Both the genus group and the component genera are described and keys to genera and species are presented. One new genus, Chaetodromia Chillcott from Mexico is described, with two new species. One new species is described in Megagrapha, five in Austrodromia Collin, four in Allodromia Smith, and 17 in Micrempis Melander. Micrempis testacea Melander is transferred to Allodromia, and Allodromia curviradius Smith is transferred to Micrempis. Megagrapha exquisita (Malloch) is resurrected from synonymy as a valid species. Lectotypes are designated for Micrempis minuta (Melander), M. nana Melander, and M. varipes Melander.
STATISTICAL DIFFICULTIES IN THE ANALYSIS OF PREDATOR FUNCTIONAL RESPONSE DATA
Authors: Livdahl Todd P. , Stiven Alan E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe utility of the ‘random predator equation’ of Royama (1971) and Rogers (1972) as a summary of the functional response relationship between predatory feeding behavior and prey density is questioned on the grounds that statistical assumptions in the regression analysis are not met by the linearized form of the equation. The absence of an alternative linearization that does not violate these assumptions necessitates the use of Holling's (1959) disc equation for the description of experimentally derived functional response relationships, when the comparison of parameters of different populations of predator or prey is a more important objective than a precise estimation.The statistical validity of the traditional linearization of the disc equation is questioned. An alternative transformation is proposed, which removes the statistical problems associated with the former transformation, and which permits a higher degree of explanation of variance in the independent variable by the regression.
AN OVIPOSITION MODEL FOR THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Régnière Jacques 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA process-oriented model was developed to describe the oviposition of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), on an individual and a population basis. The model simulates the effects of temperature on female longevity, oogenesis, and oviposition. The model is structured for ease of incorporation of additional processes such as emigration, immigration, mating, and other behavioral reductions in oviposition activity. Simulation results, at both the individual and the population levels, are compared with laboratory and field data. This model is an element of a model of spruce budworm biology currently under development but, by itself, can be used to study the effects of temperature and dispersal on the fecundity of spruce budworm populations.
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN CATCH IN PHEROMONE-BAITED TRAPS AND LARVAL DENSITY OF THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Ramaswamy S. B. , Cardé R. T. , Witter J. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLarval densities and catch of adult male Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens) in pheromone-baited covered funnel traps in the same year were highly correlated. Such traps avoid saturation problems associated with conventional sticky traps. Release of marked males resulted in recapture rates of up to 21% in covered funnel traps. The findings suggest that non-saturating pheromone-baited traps could be used to monitor population densities and trends of the spruce budworm.
DISTURBANCE OF ECLOSION SEQUENCE IN HYBRID LEPIDOPTERA
Authors: Oliver Charles G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSome interspecific and interpopulation Lepidoptera and Orthoptera hybrids show a syndrome of developmental abnormalities referred to here as the “sequence effect.” In normal within population broods of Lepidoptera males develop slightly faster than females, but in crosses showing the sequence effect, females in one direction of the cross develop faster and in the reciprocal cross much more slowly than their male siblings. In some cases the environmentally induced diapause of the females may differ strikingly from that of their male siblings. Development rate and diapause in these species appear to be controlled by a sex-linked coadapted gene complex. Expression of the sequence effect may result from a loss of a species- or population-specific balance between regulatory and secretory portions of this complex, resulting in hormonal abnormalities which are more likely to be expressed in the heterogametic sex (females in Lepidoptera, males in Orthoptera).
INTRAPOPULATION SIZE VARIATION OF FREE-LIVING AND TREE-BORING COLEOPTERA
Authors: Andersen Johan , Nilssen Arne C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIntrapopulation size variation was studied by means of length measurements quoted in taxonomic literature and from material of various groups of Coleoptera collected in the field. The degree of variation was significantly different among groups, and generally the free-living groups had lower intrapopulation size variation than most of the tree-boring and the parasitoid groups. Several tree-boring groups (e.g. Scolytidae, Curculionidae), however, had a comparatively low variation. A high intrapopulation size variation is common in species whose larvae are unable to choose and determine their own nutritional situation. Such larvae have a restricted mobility and the quality of their food is unpredictable. This is characteristic for most of the tree-boring groups. A high size variation increases the niche width of the species and probably has a buffering effect in unpredictable environments. Those tree-borers that are able to reduce the degree of unpredictability (i. e. by parental care, specialization in choice of microhabitat and in larval morphology, as in Scolytidae) have a rather low intrapopulation size variation. There are two possibilities regarding the genetic nature of the high size variation: (1) The population contains a variety of phenotypes with genetically fixed size, and (2) each individual is flexible with the possibility of becoming large or small depending upon the nutritional conditions. Possibility (1) is in agreement with the theories of a correlation between environmental heterogeneity and a high intrapopulation genetic variation. Free-living species and those tree-borers with less intrapopulation size variation are usually subject to more uniform conditions, and if adverse conditions do arise, these species usually fail to complete their development rather than produce smaller adults.
BIOGÉOGRAPHIE ET ASSOCIATIONS DES PLÉCOPTÈRES D'HIVER DU QUÉBEC MÉRIDIONAL (PLECOPTERA; CAPNIIDAE ET TAENIOPTERYGIDAE)
Authors: Harper P. P. , Harper Françoise 
Published: December 2009

RésuméVingt-quatre espèces de Plécoptères d'hiver, 8 Taeniopterygidae et 16 Capniidae, habitent le Québec méridional. Trois espèces, Allocapnia indianae Ricker, A. rickeri Frison et Taeniopteryx maura (Pictet), sont signalées au Québec pour la première fois. L'analyse des répartitions géographiques révèle quatre éléments principaux : six espèces ubiquistes réparties sur tout le Nord-est du continent, quatre espèces boréales, quatre espèces appalachiennes et dix espèces provenant de la vallée du Mississippi. Toutes ces espèces, à l'exception peut-être de Capnia vernalis et de C. manitoba, semblent avoir survécu aux glaciations dans l'Est du continent et ont envahi le Québec principalement le long des versants des Appalaches. Les associations d'espèces permettent de décrire des peuplements caractéristiques. Les cours d'eau lents et eutrophes des plaines du haut Saint-Laurent et de l'Outaouais sont dominés par Allocapnia granulata et A. vivipara. Les petits ruisseaux de source de la même région ne contiennent qu'A. recta. Dans les cours d'eau de montagne apparaît une nette zonation de l'amont vers l'aval. Les ruisselets d'amont n'ont généralement aucune espèce; les petits ruisseaux ne contiennent que des Capniidae, en particulier A. illinoensis, Paracapnia angulata et l'ubiquiste A. pygmaea; dans les cours d'eau plus grands s'ajoutent A. minima, A. pechumani et P. opis, ainsi que le Taeniopterygidé T. burksi; dans les rivières, les Taeniopterygidae dominent (T. nivalis, T. parvula, Oemopteryx glacialis) et l'importance des Capniidae diminue, sauf celle d'A. minima et d'A. pygmaea; dans l'aval des grandes rivières, il ne reste plus qu'A. minima et O. glacialis. Sur la Côte-Nord, les éléments boréaux (C. vernalis, Utacapnia labradora et Taenionema atlanticum) s'ajoutent ou se substituent à la faune des cours d'eau moyens et inférieurs; les espèces appalachiennes (A. maria, A. rickeri et T. maura) font de même en Estrie.
THE ABDOMEN OF VANHORNIA EUCNEMIDARUM (HYMENOPTERA: PROCTOTRUPOIDEA)
Authors: Mason W. R. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe invaginated apical abdominal segments of both sexes of Vanhornia eucnemidarum Crawford are described and illustrated for the first time. Detailed illustrations of the ovipositor and phallic structures are also given. No synapomorphy was found to associate Vanhornia and the Proctotrupidae, so because of its unique structure Vanhornia is left as an independent family of Proctotrupoidea.