bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid in cervical spine surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Luo Hua , Yang Yu , Wang Zhitao , Ma Lingping , Xie Chengxin 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundTranexamic acid (TXA) is an antifibrinolytic drug associated with reduced blood loss in a range of surgical specialties. This meta-analysis aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of TXA in cervical surgery, focusing on its effects on intraoperative blood loss and related outcomes.MethodsWe searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Medline, and Cochrane Library databases to identify all literature related to TXA used in cervical spinal surgery. Intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage volume, total blood loss, postoperative hematological variables, and complications were analyzed.ResultsEight trials met the inclusion criteria. The pooled results showed that intraoperative blood loss, total blood loss, and postoperative drainage volume were significantly lower in the TXA group than in the control group. The hemoglobin and hematocrit on postoperative day 1 was significantly higher in the TXA group than in the control group. There was no significant difference in complications between the two groups.ConclusionThe available evidence indicates that TXA effectively reduces blood loss in cervical spinal surgery while maintaining a favorable safety profile, without increasing associated risks.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42023459652.
Undernutrition and associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopia. A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zewude Shimeles Biru , Beshah Mekonen Haile , Ahunie Mengesha Assefa , Arega Dawit Tiruneh , Addisu Dagne 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundMaternal undernutrition is a major public health concern due to its association with mortality and overall disease burden for mothers and their children. Maternal nutrition determines pregnancy outcomes since reduced intake of nutrients influences gestational age length, placental function, and fetal growth during pregnancy. The complexity of the intergenerational aspects of maternal nutrition may also confound the design of interventions. Therefore, this research aimed to assess the prevalence of undernutrition and associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopia.MethodsWe identified the literature from PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and CINAHL databases. Data were entered into Microsoft Excel and then exported to Stata version 17 statistical software for analysis. The I2and Q-statistic values detect the level of heterogeneity, and meta regression was performed to investigate between-study heterogeneity using more than one moderator. JBI quality assessment tools were used to include relevant articles. Evidence of publication bias was indicated using the funnel plot and Egger's linear regression test. The effect size was expressed in the form of point estimates and an odds ratio of 95% CI in the fixed-effect model.ResultIn total, 19 studies fulfill the inclusion criteria. The pooled prevalence of undernutrition among pregnant women was 32% (95% CI 31.3–33.2 I2= 97.5%, P &lt; 0.0). Illiteracy (AOR = 3.6 95% CI; 2.3–5.6), rural residence (AOR = 2.6 95% CI; 1.2–3.5), a lack of prenatal dietary advice (AOR = 2.6 95% CI; 1.8–3.7), household food insecurity (AOR = 2.5 95% CI; 1.9–3.2), and low dietary diversity score (AOR = 3.7 95% CI; 2.2–5.9) appear to be significantly associated with undernutrition among pregnant women.ConclusionThe review showed that the prevalence of undernutrition is still high among pregnant women. Illiteracy, rural residence, a lack of prenatal dietary advice, household food insecurity, and low dietary diversity score were significantly associated with undernutrition during pregnancy. Interventions should focus on educating the public and helping families access food or supplements they need through local markets, health systems, and community-based support, as undernutrition is caused by numerous interconnected causes.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/#myprospero, identifier: CRD42023417028.
A randomized double-blind active-controlled clinical trial on the efficacy of topical basil (Ocimum basilicum) oil in knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Askari Alireza , Hasheminasab Fatemeh Sadat , Sadeghpour Omid , Naghizadehd Mohammad Mehdi , Ravansalar Seyed Ali , Iraji Aida , Hashempur Mohammad Hashem 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundBasil is a widely used herb in Persian medicine and is gaining recognition as a functional food worldwide.Aim of the studyThis trial aimed to assess the effectiveness of a traditional formulation of basil oil in comparison with diclofenac gel in treating knee osteoarthritis, considering its established anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive, and anti-oxidative properties.Materials and methodsOne hundred eligible patients were equally randomized to the traditional basil oil (containing sesame oil) and diclofenac gel groups. They used their respective topical treatments thrice daily for 4 weeks. Various measurements were taken at the beginning of the study, 2, and 4 weeks after starting the intervention, including the 8-m walk test, knee pain (based on visual analog scale), flexion angle of the knee joint, analgesic consumption, and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) questionnaire.ResultsNo significant differences were observed between the basil oil and diclofenac gel groups in any of the measured outcomes. However, significant improvements were noted within each group for most variables.ConclusionTopical application of the traditional formulation of basil oil appears to improve clinical symptoms and certain functional indicators of knee osteoarthritis to a similar extent as diclofenac gel. This suggests that basil oil could be considered an effective management option for this condition.Clinical Trial Registration:https://irct.behdasht.gov.ir/, identifier IRCT2017081711341N7.
The effects of chiropractic adjustment on inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a pilot RCT
Authors: Amjad Imran , Niazi Imran Khan , Kumari Nitika , Duehr Jens , Shehzad Gulyana , Rashid Usman , Duehr Jenna , Trager Robert J. , Holt Kelly , Haavik Heidi 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurobiological disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. We hypothesized that chiropractic adjustments could improve these symptoms by enhancing prefrontal cortex function. This pilot study aimed to explore the feasibility and efficacy of 4 weeks of chiropractic adjustment on inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity in children with ADHD.Methods67 children with ADHD were randomly allocated to receive either chiropractic adjustments plus usual care (Chiro+UC) or sham chiropractic plus usual care (Sham+UC). The Vanderbilt ADHD Diagnostic Teacher Rating Scale (VADTRS), Swanson, Nolan and Pelham Teacher and Parents Rating Scale (SNAP-IV), and ADHD Rating Scale-IV were used to assess outcomes at baseline, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks. Feasibility measures such as recruitment, retention, blinding, safety, and adherence were recorded. Linear mixed regression models were used for data analysis.Results56 participants (mean age ± SD: 10.70 ± 3.93 years) were included in the analysis. Both the Chiro+UC and Sham+UC groups showed significant improvements in total and subscale ADHD scores at 4 weeks and 8 weeks. However, there were no significant differences between the two groups.ConclusionThis pilot study demonstrated that it was feasible to examine the effects of chiropractic adjustment when added to usual care on ADHD outcomes in children. While both groups showed improvements, the lack of significant between-group differences requires caution in interpretation due to the small sample size. Further research with larger samples and longer follow-up periods is needed to conclusively evaluate the effects of chiropractic adjustments on ADHD in children.
Development and psychometric properties of a self-medication behavior inventory
Authors: Penagos-Corzo Julio C. , Ortiz-Barrero Melissa J. , Hernández-Ramírez Reneé , Ochoa-Ramírez Yavne , González Ehlinger Regina , Pérez-Acosta Andrés M. 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionSelf-medication is a prevalent behavior with significant health implications. Understanding its psychosocial determinants can inform preventative strategies and interventions.MethodsWe evaluated the psychometric properties of the Self-Medication Behavior Inventory (SMBI-9) in a binational study with 779 Colombian and Mexican participants. Concurrent validity was assessed through correlations with related inventories, and confirmatory factor analysis tested the proposed four-factor model.ResultsThe SMBI-9 demonstrated high model fit (CFI = 0.995, TLI = 0.991) and invariance across countries. The factors-Social Influence, Attitude toward Medicine, Avoidance, and Prevention-varied significantly with knowledge of medicine, schooling, health insurance status and gender, underscoring the role of social and personal beliefs in self-medication practices.DiscussionSMBI-9 emerged as a reliable tool for capturing the multifaceted nature of self-medication behaviors. Findings highlight the influence of social norms and personal attitudes, suggesting targeted approaches for behavioral interventions.
Gendered risks: access to and utilization of sexual and reproductive health services among young migrants in Southwestern Uganda: the role of the ‘lending a hand’ intervention
Authors: Kawuma Rachel , Tumwesige Edward , Asiimwe Allen , Bernays Sarah , Seeley Janet 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionYoung migrants may engage in risky behaviours due to social, economic, and psychological challenges as they try to “get by” in their new host communities. This can result in unintended pregnancies, sexually transmitted infections including HIV, and poor mental health outcomes.During a study to test the feasibility and acceptability of an early intervention to reduce the harm of patterns of risk associated with migration, we assessed access to and utilization of sexual and reproductive health services (SRH) among recent migrants (14–24 years) in south-western Uganda.MethodsThe intervention conducted in 2022/23 involved training peer supporters to provide referral advice and support to young people. Between March–November 2022, 20 young migrants (11 males and 9 females) were purposively selected to participate in two in-depth interviews each to explore their experiences during the intervention. Data were analysed thematically.ResultsWomen engaged in transactional sex to supplement their low pay while men got involved in risky behaviour once they had earned some money. Many suffered from sexually transmitted infections-related symptoms, were at risk for HIV infection and some women had fears of unwanted pregnancy. While some tried to seek for SRH services from public facilities, poor health service delivery such as long queues and shortages of drugs, discouraged them from going there. Young people tried to access treatment from private facilities but could not afford the costs. The intervention increased knowledge about SRH and supported young people to access services from the public health facilities at no cost thus increasing utilization.ConclusionSexual health risks were experienced differently by women and men. The women were likely to experience symptoms related to sexually transmitted infections (including HIV) much earlier than men and this could increase their likelihood to engage with SRH services. The intervention served to increase men's readiness to access SRH services by providing them at a time and place that is convenient. Recognizing the different risk profiles of young people is important in tailoring appropriate interventions to promote equitable access and utilization of SRH services for both genders in this vulnerable population.
Effects of RDL GABA Receptor Point Mutants on Susceptibility to Meta-Diamide and Isoxazoline Insecticides in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Zhou Tianhao , Wu Weiping , Ma Suhan , Chen Jie , Huang Jia , Qiao Xiaomu 
Published: May 2024

Ionotropic γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors in insects, specifically those composed of the RDL (resistant to dieldrin) subunit, serve as important targets for commonly used synthetic insecticides. These insecticides belong to various chemical classes, such as phenylpyrazoles, cyclodienes, meta-diamides, and isoxazolines, with the latter two potentially binding to the transmembrane inter-subunit pocket. However, the specific amino acid residues that contribute to the high sensitivity of insect RDL receptors to these novel insecticides remain elusive. In this study, we investigated the susceptibility of seven distinct Drosophila melanogaster Rdl point mutants against four meta-diamide and isoxazoline insecticides: isocycloseram, fluxametamide, fluralaner, and broflanilide. Our findings indicate that, despite exhibiting increased sensitivity to fluralaner in vitro, the RdlI276C mutant showed resistance to isocycloseram and fluxametamide. Similarly, the double-points mutant RdlI276F+G279S also showed decreased sensitivity to the tested isoxazolines. On the other hand, the RdlG335M mutant displayed high levels of resistance to all tested insecticides. Molecular modeling and docking simulations further supported these findings, highlighting similar binding poses for these insecticides. In summary, our research provides robust in vivo evidence supporting the idea that the inter-subunit amino acids within transmembrane M1 and M3 domains form the binding site crucial for meta-diamide and isoxazoline insecticide interactions. This study highlights the complex interplay between mutations and insecticide susceptibility, paving the way for more targeted pest control strategies.
Optimize Electron Beam Energy toward In Situ Imaging of Thick Frozen Bio-Samples with Nanometer Resolution Using MeV-STEM
Authors: Yang Xi , Wang Liguo , Smaluk Victor , Shaftan Timur 
Published: May 2024

To optimize electron energy for in situ imaging of large biological samples up to 10 μm in thickness with nanoscale resolutions, we implemented an analytical model based on elastic and inelastic characteristic angles. This model has been benchmarked by Monte Carlo simulations and can be used to predict the transverse beam size broadening as a function of electron energy while the probe beam traverses through the sample. As a result, the optimal choice of the electron beam energy can be realized. In addition, the impact of the dose-limited resolution was analysed. While the sample thickness is less than 10 μm, there exists an optimal electron beam energy below 10 MeV regarding a specific sample thickness. However, for samples thicker than 10 μm, the optimal beam energy is 10 MeV or higher depending on the sample thickness, and the ultimate resolution could become worse with the increase in the sample thickness. Moreover, a MeV-STEM column based on a two-stage lens system can be applied to reduce the beam size from one micron at aperture to one nanometre at the sample with the energy tuning range from 3 to 10 MeV. In conjunction with the state-of-the-art ultralow emittance electron source that we recently implemented, the maximum size of an electron beam when it traverses through an up to 10 μm thick bio-sample can be kept less than 10 nm. This is a critical step toward the in situ imaging of large, thick biological samples with nanometer resolution.
Reimagining Violence in Contemporary Africa: Catholic Martyrdom and the Ethics of Sacrificial Solidarity in Burundi
Authors: Mikalachki Jodi 
Published: May 2024

This article discusses the enculturated Catholic ethics of martyrdom embodied by the Martyrs of Fraternity of Burundi, a group of students whose cause is now before the Vatican’s Congregation for the Causes of Saints for refusing to separate into Hutus and Tutsis during Burundi’s 1993–2005 civil war. Engaging Fratelli Tutti from a local African perspective, it considers how the conviction that all human beings are brothers and sisters is to find concrete embodiment. Its argument develops Emmanuel Katongole’s assertion that the African church provides a living witness of what hope looks like in contexts of violence and war, drawing on Burundian scholarship and more than sixty interviews conducted in Burundi from 2018 to 2024 to develop a thick narrative of fraternal martyrdom and the ethics of Ubuntu. By placing sacrificial solidarity rather than violence at the center of the story of the Martyrs of Fraternity, Burundian Catholics reimagine their civil war in ethical terms. This Burundian embodiment of an ethics of sacrificial solidarity, solidly grounded in its original cultural substratum, stands as a resource for a world increasingly engulfed by war, refusing to let violence have the last word in a story of fraternal love hallowed by sacrifice.
Transition to a Restraint-Free Inpatient Behavioral Health Setting
Authors: Bausman Dawn , Gigliotti Shawna , Meshok Margaret 
Published: May 2024

Background The use of restrictive interventions, such as mechanical restraints, has been a common practice in behavioral health settings since the field’s early infancy. The use of restraints has a harmful impact on both patients and providers alike, contraindicating the therapeutic treatment environment aimed to support the healing journey. Using a strategy of leadership, workplace development, and data, the use of mechanical restraints was fully eliminated from a 252-bed inpatient setting. Performance was sustained over the following year. Objectives The goal of this project was to fully eliminate the use of mechanical restraints in an inpatient behavioral health setting. Adopting the Six Core Strategies for Reducing Seclusion and Restraint Use, the hospital sought to provide staff with alternative tools supported by an evidence-based practice. The result would be a reduction of trauma and injury occurring during the restraint process. Methods This quality improvement project identified processes, structures, and patient outcomes related to restraint reduction within the organization. Each opportunity for improvement included a needs assessment for the identified barriers. The action steps necessary to implement change and accomplish the goal of reducing the use of four-point mechanical restraints in hospitalized patients were guided by trauma-informed care and the Six Core Strategies, in turn decreasing physical and psychological injuries, and improving patient care. Results Progress toward zero mechanical restraints was incremental. Both qualitative and quantitative data were used on a daily basis to support staff interventions. Active investment from leadership and allied professions provided support for a culture shift that went from using mechanical restraint almost daily to a culture where mechanical restraint is seen as a failure. This success was sustained through 2022 and is now a standard expectation for care at Belmont. This project enabled the removal of mechanical restraints from an acute inpatient behavioral health hospital servicing children, adolescents, and adults. The factors that supported the success of this project were true endorsement from leadership, robust staff training, and continuous feedback and supervision. Sustainability over at least one year was achieved. Conclusions Belmont is not the first inpatient setting to eliminate restraints for its programming; however, this project provides additional evidence that a restraint-free inpatient setting is possible with sufficient investment in staff and training. Using trauma-free interventions was an additional quality benefit that has enhanced the advantages of the way this program was designed. The implementation of this model and supporting interventions can provide a roadmap for other programs seeking to enhance the inpatient experience for both staff and patients.
درجة تمثل طلبة كليات العلوم التربوية في الجامعات الأردنية لخصائص الخريجين من وجهة نظر أعضاء هيئة التدريس
Authors: Samara Azhar Tayseer , Al-Mughrabi Ayat Mohammad 
Published: May 2024

الأهداف: هدفت الدراسة الحالية التعرف إلى درجة تمثل طلبة كليات العلوم التربوية في الجامعات الأردنية لخصائص الخريجين من وجهة نظر أعضاء هيئة التدريس.
المنهجية: اعتُمدت المنهجية الوصفية المسحية، حيث تم إعداد استبانة تكونت من (48) فقرة موزعة في (4) مجالات هي: (الخصائص الشخصية، والخصائص المعرفية، والخصائص المهنية، والخصائص التكنولوجية)، وتكونت عينة الدراسة من (151) عضوًا من أعضاء هيئة التدريس العاملين في الجامعات الحكومية والخاصة، في المملكة الأردنية الهاشمية، في الفصل الدراسي الثاني من العام الجامعي 2021/2022 في العاصمة عمان.
النتائج: أظهرت النتائج أن درجة تمثل طلبة كليات العلوم التربوية في الجامعات الأردنية لخصائص الخريجين من وجهة نظر أعضاء هيئة التدريس جاءت بدرجة متوسطة على الدرجة الكلية، وفي المجالات الأربعة، كما بينت عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في خصائص الخريجين من وجهة نظر أعضاء هيئة التدريس تعزى لمتغيرات قطاع التعليم، وعدد سنوات الخبرة، بينما أوضحت وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية تعزى لمتغير الجنس لصالح الإناث في مجالي الخصائص المعرفية والخصائص المهنية وعلى الدرجة الكلية.
الخلاصة: خلصت الدراسة إلى ضرورة الاهتمام بتعزيز الخصائص الشخصية والمعرفية والمهنية والتكنولوجية لخريجي كليات العلوم التربوية؛ لتمكينهم من تأدية أدوراهم بكفاءة وفاعلية في الميدان التربوي.
واقع الثقافة التنظيمية السائدة في المدارس الحكومية الفلسطينية في القدس من وجهة نظر المعلمين
Authors: Tamimi Souhail 
Published: May 2024

الأهداف: هدفت هذه الدراسة التعرّف إلى واقع الثقافة التنظيمية السائدة في المدارس الحكومية الفلسطينية في القدس.
المنهجية: استخدمت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، وتم تطوير استبانة كأداة لجمع البيانات الأولية للمتغيرات حيث تكونت من (20) فقرة، تم توزيع الاستبانة على عينة عشوائية بسيطة مكونة من (282) معلما ومعلمة.
النتائج: أظهرت نتائج الدراسة أن واقع الثقافة التنظيمية السائدة في المدارس الحكومية الفلسطينية في القدس من وجهة نظر المعلمين جاءت بدرجة عالية. وهناك فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية تعزى لمتغير سنوات الخدمة لصالح (أقل من 5 سنوات)، وأنه لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية تعزى لمتغيرات الجنس، والمؤهل العلمي، ومستوى المدرسة.
الخلاصة: توصي الدراسة تضمين مبادئ الثقافة التنظيمية في برامج تطوير الأداء المهني لمديري المدارس، والمحافظة على المستوى العالي للثقافة التنظيمية السائدة في المدارس الفلسطينية الحكومية في القدس من خلال عقد الدورات التدريبية لمديري المدارس لاطلاعهم على آخر المستجدات التربوية، وتوفير الدعم اللازم وتعزيز حقوق المعلمين في المدارس الحكومية في القدس.
مشكلات ممارَسات التعلُّم المُتمَرْكِز حول المتعلِّم لدى معلِّمي الدراسات الإسلامية في المرحلتين المتوسِّطة والثانوية في ضوء النَّمُوذج التَّوْليديِّ البنائيِّ
Authors: Al-Aosail Abdulaziz Bin Faleh 
Published: May 2024

الأهداف: هَدَف البحث إلى تعرُّف مشكلات ممارَسات التعلُّم المتمَرْكِز حول المتعلِّم، لدى معلِّمي الدراسات الإسلامية في المرحلتين: المتوسِّطة والثانوية بمحافظة الأحساء، في ضوء النَّمُوذج التَّوْليديِّ البنائيِّ.
المنهجية: لتحقيق أهداف البحث؛ استُخدِم المنهج الوصفيُّ المسحي، وطُبِّقت استبانة تضمَّنت (28) فِقْرةً موزَّعة على أربع مجالات رئيسة للمشكلات، وتضمَّنت العيِّنة (186) معلِّمًا في المرحلة المتوسِّطة، و(96) معلِّمًا في المرحلة الثانوية، بإجماليٍّ بلغ (282) معلِّمًا، تمَّ اختيارهم بطريقة عشوائية.
النتائج: توصَّل البحث إلى أن الدرجة الكلية لتقدير مشكلات ممارَسات التعلُّم المتمركِز حول المتعلِّم من قِبَل معلِّمي الدراسات الإسلامية في ضوء النَّمُوذج التَّوْليديِّ البنائيِّ -جاءت "متوسِّطةً"، في المرحلتين: المتوسِّطة والثانوية، حيث بلغ المتوسِّط الحسابيُّ العامُّ نحوَ (3.14) في المرحلة المتوسِّطة، و(2.99) في المرحلة الثانوية، وتبيَّن عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين متوسِّطات درجات تقدير أفراد العيِّنة للمشكلات في المرحلتين تُعزى لمتغيِّرات (المرحلة التعليمية، وسنوات الخبرة)، وذلك باستثناء ظهور فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية تُعزى لمتغيِّر (سنوات الخبرة)، في استجابات معلِّمي المرحلة المتوسِّطة في مجال (ممارَسات التعلُّم المُتمَرْكِز حول المتعلِّم في مرحلة التركيز)، لصالح مَن خبرتُه التدريسية (10) سنوات فأكثرُ.
الخلاصة: يوصي البحث بأهمية تنمية وعي معلِّمي الدراسات الإسلامية بكيفية توظيف وتوجيه ممارَسات التعلُّم المُتمَرْكِز حول المتعلِّم للتطوير المستمرِّ لممارَساتهم التدريسية، وضرورة تدريب مشرِفي مقرَّرات الدراسات الإسلامية على أساليب تنمية ممارَسات التعلُّم المُتمَرْكِز حول المتعلِّم لدى المعلِّمين، في ضوء النَّمُوذج التَّوْليديِّ البنائيِّ.