bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of hydrochlorothiazide on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of febuxostat, a non‐purine selective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase
Authors: Grabowski Brian , Khosravan Reza , Wu Jing‐Tao , Vernillet Laurent , Lademacher Christopher 
Published: March 2010

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT • Hyperuricaemia and gout frequently coexist with cardiovascular disorders such as hypertension and heart failure. The use of diuretics has been re‐established as a first‐line treatment for patients with hypertension and the effects of diuretics on serum uric acid may diminish the urate‐lowering effects of febuxostat, a novel, potent, non‐purine selective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS • Co‐administration of febuxostat 80 mg and hydrochlorothiazide 50 mg had no effect on the pharmacokinetics and did not have a clinically significant effect on the pharmacodynamics of febuxostat. Dose adjustment for febuxostat is not necessary when it is administered with hydrochlorothiazide.AIMThis study examined the effect of co‐administration of febuxostat, an investigational urate lowering therapy, and hydrochlorothiazide on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of febuxostat.METHODSHealthy subjects (36 healthy men and women) received single doses of febuxostat 80 mg alone and febuxostat 80 mg + hydrochlorothiazide 50 mg, separated by 7 days in an open‐label, randomized, crossover fashion. Plasma concentrations of febuxostat and urinary and serum concentrations of uric acid were assessed.RESULTSMean febuxostat Cmax, AUC(0–t), AUC(0–∞), t1/2,z, CL/F and Vss/F values for regimens co‐administration/febuxostat alone were 2.9/2.9 µg ml−1, 9.3/9.1 µg ml−1 h, 9.6/9.3 µg ml−1 h, 6.5/6.1 h, 8.8/9.3 l h−1 and 45/44 l, respectively. Geometric mean ratios (co‐administration : febuxostat alone) and their 90% confidence intervals for febuxostat plasma Cmax, AUC(0–t), and AUC(0–∞) were 1.00 (0.86, 1.17), 1.03 (0.98, 1.09), and 1.04 (0.98, 1.10), respectively; all of the 90% CIs were within the no effect range of 0.8 to 1.25. Serum uric acid Cmean,24h, Cmean,48h and CLR for both regimens co‐administration/febuxostat alone were 216/203 µmol l−1, 218/202 µmol l−1 and 9.1/10.1 ml min−1, respectively. Although serum uric acid Cmean,24h and Cmean,48h values were higher and CLR values lower after co‐administration compared with dosing of febuxostat alone, with the differences being statistically significant (P < 0.003), none of the differences (6.5%–9.5%) was considered clinically significant.CONCLUSIONDose adjustment for febuxostat is not necessary when it is administered with hydrochlorothiazide.
The impact of a regular erythrocytapheresis programme on the acute and chronic complications of sickle cell disease in adults
Authors: Kalff Anna , Dowsing Claire , Grigg Andrew 
Published: March 2010

SummaryThirteen adult patients aged 22–63 (median 30) years with sickle cell disease (SCD) were enrolled in a regular erythrocytapheresis (ECP) programme at a single institution between December 1998 and November 2008. The indications for enrolment were recurrent painful crises (PC), acute chest syndrome (ACS), silent cortical ischaemia, pulmonary hypertension, multi‐organ crises and pregnancy. Endpoints retrospectively evaluated included the incidence of SCD‐related acute events requiring hospitalization following and prior to regular ECP, the development of new and progression of pre‐existing related end‐organ damage, the effectiveness in reducing HbS levels acutely and prior to the next exchange and the transfusion‐related complications. Sixteen acute sickle‐related events occurred in five patients in 846 months of patient follow‐up. In all patients with reliable data available pre‐ECP, the frequency of such events was reduced following commencing regular ECP. No patient experienced stroke, multi‐organ crises or developed new and/or progression of end‐organ dysfunction. Regular ECP reduced HbS levels to the target of <30% immediately post‐exchange. Alloimmunization rates were comparable to the literature and ECP was effective in preventing progressive iron overload. Regular ECP was demonstrated to be an effective, well‐tolerated therapy for both acute and chronic complications of SCD in adults.
Advances in the understanding of MYC‐induced lymphomagenesis
Authors: Klapproth Kay , Wirth Thomas 
Published: March 2010

SummaryUp to 70% of all human malignancies show elevated expression of MYC. MYC is a pleiotropic transcription factor involved in many aspects of cellular development and physiology. Besides direct regulation of target genes involved in proliferation and growth MYC is implicated in controlling the complex networks of microRNAs and apoptosis mediators. The mode of MYC deregulation varies between different tumor entities. In most types of cancer high MYC levels are secondary to alterations in cell signalling pathways, leading to enhanced proliferation of the transformed cells. In some haematological malignancies, like Burkitt lymphoma (BL) and subsets of diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas, elevated MYC levels are a direct consequence of genomic aberrations involving the MYC locus. BL is considered the prime example for MYC‐induced lymphomagenesis. In comparison to other haematological malignancies it has the highest MYC‐expression and is often connected to Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection. Over the past five decades BL has provided an invaluable tool for the entire discipline of oncology, helping to decipher many aspects of tumor biology. This review summarizes recent advances in the research on MYC‐induced lymphomagenesis, focusing on the regulation of microRNAs and apoptosis, and possible contributions of EBV for lymphoma development.
Erythrocyte membrane protein destabilization versus clinical outcome in 160 Portuguese Hereditary Spherocytosis patients
Authors: Rocha Susana , Costa Elísio , Rocha‐Pereira Petronila , Ferreira Fátima , Cleto Esmeralda , Barbot José , Quintanilha Alexandre , Belo Luís , Santos‐Silva Alice 
Published: March 2010

SummaryHereditary Spherocytosis (HS) is a haemolytic anaemia caused by erythrocyte protein membrane defects – spectrin, ankyrin, band 3 or protein 4·2 – that lead to membrane destabilization. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of protein deficiencies and the role of membrane proteins or membrane‐linked proteins in membrane disturbance and in HS clinical outcome. A total of 215 Portuguese individuals were studied – 203 from 71 families plus 12 individual unrelated subjects; 160 of them were diagnosed with HS. They were classified as presenting mild, moderate or severe forms of HS according to the degree of haemolytic anaemia. Standardized electrophoretic erythrocyte membrane protein analysis was used to identify and quantify protein deficiencies. Band 3 and ankyrin were found to account for the majority of the erythrocyte protein defects underlying HS. Increasing isolated protein deficiency or increasing imbalance between combined protein deficiencies seemed to underlie HS severity, by increasing membrane destabilization. There was an increased membrane linkage of the cytosolic proteins, glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase and peroxiredoxin 2, and of denatured haemoglobin, suggesting that this linkage could interfere with membrane structure. Our data suggest that the quantification and the analysis of RBC membrane proteins may be helpful in predicting the clinical outcome of HS.
A simulation study of the feedback of phytoplankton on thermal structure via light extinction
Authors: RINKE KARSTEN , YEATES PETER , ROTHHAUPT KARL‐OTTO 
Published: March 2010

Summary1. A simulation study of the feedback of phytoplankton biomass on temperature stratification in the large, monomictic Lake Constance was undertaken. Phytoplankton biomass affects the light extinction coefficient (LEC) of the water and, in turn, the vertical distribution of short‐wave radiation, which shapes the temperature stratification in the lake.2. A sensitivity study of the variation in LEC using the hydrodynamic model DYRESM showed that a high LEC is associated with stronger stratification, shallower thermoclines, higher surface temperatures and reduced heat content during the heating phase of the lake. During the cooling phase, a shallower thermocline at high LEC leads to a faster decrease in water temperature so that during autumn, a high LEC is associated with lower surface temperatures. Thermal structure was particularly sensitive to changes in LEC when its value was below 0.5 m−1.3. When LEC is simulated dynamically with the coupled hydrodynamic–ecological model DYRESM‐CAEDYM, its value is a function of phytoplankton dynamics that change vertically and temporally. Comparing simulations with and without dynamic LEC (i.e. with and without phytoplankton dynamics) produced a complex picture: during the vegetation period, we often found a warmer surface layer and colder water beneath in the simulations with dynamic LEC, as expected from the higher LEC when phytoplankton is abundant. However, since phytoplankton biomass (as LEC) fluctuates and because of occasional cooling phases, the patterns were comparatively weak and not consistent over the whole growing season.4. The most obvious patterns emerged by comparing simulations of oligotrophic and eutrophic conditions. In the eutrophic state, with its higher LEC, stratification was stronger and characterized by higher surface water temperatures, a shallower thermocline and colder water temperatures between 5 and 10 m depth.5. Statistical analysis of long‐term data of water temperatures in Lake Constance, corrected for external forcing by air temperature, revealed a significant tendency towards warmer temperatures at 7.5 and 10 m depths with decreasing LECs over the course of reoligotrophication. This finding is consistent with our model results.
Complete eruption of a malformed mandibular permanent molar following extraction of a complex odontome
Authors: HUNTER B. , HUNTER M. L. , PIZARRO K. A. 
Published: March 2010

Summary. A case is described in which a complex odontome, associated with an unerupted and displaced mandibular permanent molar, presented as an acute infection of an edentulous area. Surgical removal of the odontome led to the spontaneous eruption of the tooth.Résumé. Un odontome complexe, associé à une molaire permanente mandibulaire retenue et déplacée, a été révélé par l'infection aigüue d'une zone édentée. L'exérèse chirurgicale a amené l'éruption spontanée de cette dent retenue.Zusammenfassung. Es wird Fall eines komplexen Odontom beschrieben. Dieses bildete ein Durch‐bruchshemmis für einen bleibenden mandibularen Molaren. Über lezteren manifestierte sich eine akute Entzündung. Die chirurgische Entfernung des Odontomes führte zum Spontandurchbruch dieses Zahnes.Resumen. Se describe un caso en el cual un odontoma complejo, asociado con un molar permanente mandibular no erupcionado y desplazado, presentó una infección aguda en el area edentula. La remoción quirúrgica del tumor produjo la erupción espontánea del diente.
Pycnodysostosis associated with delayed and ectopic eruption of permanent teeth
Authors: FERGUSON J. W. , BROWN R. H. , CHEONG L. Y. 
Published: March 2010

Summary. The oral and facial manifestations of pycnodysostosis (Maroteaux‐Lamy syndrome) are reviewed, and illustrated by a case in which the presenting feature was delayed and ectopic eruption of permanent teeth.Résumé. Les manifestations dentaires, orales et faciales de la pycnodysostose (syndrome de Maro‐teaux‐Lamy) sont rappelées et illustrées par un cas dans lequel ces caractéristiques se sont manifestées avec retard ainsi que l'éruption ectopique de dents permanentes.Zusammenfassung. Die dentalen oralen und fazialen Manifestationen der Pycondysostosis (Maro‐teaux‐Lamy‐Sydrom) werden anhand eines Falles beschrieben. Der verspätete und ektopische Durchbruch der bleibenden Zähne sind die Hauptmerkmale.Resumen. Se hace una revisión de las manifestaciones dentales, orales y faciales de la picnodisos‐tosis (Síndrome de Maroteaux‐Lamy) y se ilustra el caso en el cual se presenta la característica de erupción ectópica y retardada de dientes permanentes.
A case of bilateral supplemental maxillary central incisors
Authors: ROCK W. P. 
Published: March 2010

Summary: A case is described in which bilateral supplemental maxillary central incisors were found in a 9‐year‐old boy. The occurrence has been reported previously of bilateral supplemental maxillary lateral incisors but not of central incisors.Résumé. Description d'un cas de remplacement bilateral des incisives centrales maxillaire chez un enfant de 9 ans. Un cas de remplacement d'incisives laterales a ete décrit, mais non celui d'incisives centrales.Zusammefassung. Fallbeschreibung eines 9 jährigen Knabens mit beidseitigen suzätzlichen zentralen Scheindezähnen. Bis anhin wurden das Gleiche nur bei lateralen Schneidezähne beschrieben.Resumen. Se describe en caso en el cual incisivos centrales maxilares supernumerarios fueron detectados en un niño de 9 años de edad. La ocurrencia ha sido previamente reportada, pero no en incisivos centrales.
Flight nursing expertise: towards a middle‐range theory
Authors: Reimer Andrew P. , Moore Shirley M. 
Published: March 2010

reimer a.p. & moore s.m. (2010) Flight nursing expertise: towards a middle‐range theory.Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(5), 1183–1192.AbstractTitle. Flight nursing expertise: towards a middle‐range theory.Aim. This paper presents a middle‐range Theory of Flight Nursing Expertise.Background. Rotary‐wing (helicopter) medical transport has grown rapidly in the USA since its introduction, particularly during the past 5 years. Patients once considered too sick to transport are now being transported more frequently and over longer distances. Many limitations are imposed by the air medical transport environment and these require nurses to alter their practice.Data sources. A literature search was conducted using Pubmed, Medline, CINAHL, secondary referencing and an Internet search from 1960 to 2008 for studies related to the focal concepts in flight nursing.Discussion. The middle‐range Theory of Flight Nursing Expertise is composed of nine concepts (experience, training, transport environment of care, psychomotor skills, flight nursing knowledge, cue recognition, pattern recognition, decision‐making and action) and their relationships. Five propositions describe the relationships between those concepts and how they apply to flight nursing expertise.Implications for nursing. After empirical testing, this theory may be a useful tool to assist novice flight nurses to attain the skills necessary to provide safe and competent care more efficiently, and may aid in designing curricula and programmes of research.Conclusion. Research is needed to determine the usefulness of this theory in both rotary and fixed‐wing medical transport settings, and to examine the similarities and differences related to expertise needed for different flight nurse team compositions. Curriculum and training innovations can result from increased understanding of the concepts and relationships proposed in this theory.
Effectiveness of an educational intervention on levels of pain, anxiety and self‐efficacy for patients with musculoskeletal trauma
Authors: Wong Eliza Mi‐Ling , Chan Sally Wai‐Chi , Chair Sek‐Ying 
Published: March 2010

wong e.m.‐l., chan s.w.‐c. & chair s.‐y. (2010) Effectiveness of an educational intervention on levels of pain, anxiety and self‐efficacy for patients with musculoskeletal trauma. Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(5), 1120–1131.AbstractTitle.  Effectiveness of an educational intervention on levels of pain, anxiety and self‐efficacy for patients with musculoskeletal trauma. Aim.  This paper is a report of a study of the effectiveness of a pain management educational intervention on level of pain, anxiety and self‐efficacy among patients with musculoskeletal trauma and consequent orthopaedic surgery.Background.  Substantial evidence supports the use of preoperative education to improve patient outcomes. Educational interventions are common in preparing patients for orthopaedic surgery.Methods.  A pre‐ and post‐test design (quasi‐experimental) was employed in 2006 with patients assigned either to a control (usual care) or an experimental group (usual care plus educational intervention). The 30‐minute educational intervention consisted of information about pain, coping strategies and breathing relaxation exercises. The outcome measures were scores for pain, anxiety, self‐efficacy, analgesic use and length of hospital stay and these were measured before surgery and on day 2, day 4, day 7, 1 month and 3 months after surgery.Results.  A total of 125 patients completed the study (control, n = 63; experimental = 62). The experimental group reported statistically significantly lower levels of pain, less anxiety and better self‐efficacy during hospitalization (before surgery to day 7), as compared to the control group. The experimental group had more requests for analgesics at day 2 only. There were no statistically significant effects on length of stay. At the 3‐month evaluation, a statistically significant effect on anxiety level was found in favour of the experimental group.Conclusion.  Patients may benefit from this educational intervention in terms of relieving pain, anxiety and improving self‐efficacy, and the educational intervention could be incorporated as part of routine care to prepare musculoskeletal trauma patients for surgery.
Lived experience of diabetes among older, rural people
Authors: George Sharon R. , Thomas Sandra P. 
Published: March 2010

george s.r. & Thomas s.p. (2010) Lived experience of diabetes among older, rural people. Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(5), 1092–1100.AbstractTitle.  Lived experience of diabetes among older, rural people. Aim.  This paper is a report of a study conducted to elucidate experiences and perceptions of self‐management of diabetes as narrated by older people diagnosed with insulin‐dependent diabetes living in a rural area.Background.  Older people worldwide are disproportionately affected by diabetes and are more likely to have co‐morbidities and disabilities. Guidelines for management, developed by the American Diabetes Association, are not targeted for this population. A plethora of quantitative research has investigated self‐management issues, with little change to outcomes. This pleads for consideration of a new diabetes education model, which includes consideration of experiences within clients’ worldviews.Method.  Unstructured interviews starting with an open question were conducted from a purposive sample in 2005. Interviews were transcribed and analysed according to the tenets of existential phenomenology, a process which began with bracketing the researcher’s biases.Findings.  Living with poorly controlled diabetes led participants to introspection and existential questioning. Four connected themes were identified: ‘Your Body Will Let You Know’; ‘I Thought I Was Fine, But I Wasn’t’; ‘The Only Way Out is to Die’; and ‘You Just Go On’.Conclusion.  Currently designed from a medical perspective, diabetes education should be based on a nursing model incorporating the client’s insights and experiences. When managing diabetes is viewed from a client’s perspective, the focus becomes solving problems that arise in self‐regulation of one’s own regimen rather than in complying with doctor’s orders. Nurses need to reframe the problem by excluding the compliance/noncompliance model and developing a conceptual perspective on self‐management that is grounded in world and body.
Child health and development record book: tool for relationship building between nurse and mother
Authors: Clendon Jill , Dignam Denise 
Published: March 2010

clendon j. & dignam d. (2010) Child health and development record book: tool for relationship building between nurse and mother. Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(5), 968–977.AbstractTitle.  Child health and development record book: tool for relationship building between nurse and mother. Aim.  This paper is a report of a study of the role and impact of the child health and development record book in New Zealand society since its inception.Background.  Nurses working in child health roles in New Zealand use child health and development record books to record advice and developmental characteristics of children as they grow. The book has been used since 1921, but there has been no exploration of how it has been used by nurses or mothers.Method.  Using an oral history approach, 35 participants ranging from 30 to 84 years of age were interviewed. Data were collected from November 2004 to December 2005, with follow‐up interviews in 2006.Findings.  The book plays an important role in the relationship between mother and nurse. It is used as a point of commonality that supports the efforts of both as they work toward establishing an effective relationship, as a tool of practice, and as a means of building strength within families.Conclusion.  Mothers read, reflect upon and reminisce with child health and development record books for generations. Nurses must consider the ways in which they currently use these record books, remaining mindful of both the short‐term and potential long‐term impact their notes may have on mothers.
Safety in numbers: extinction arising from predator‐driven Allee effects
Authors: Gregory Stephen D. , Courchamp Franck 
Published: March 2010

image
A.M. Kramer & J.M. Drake (2010) Experimental demonstration of population extinction due to a predator‐driven Allee effect. Journal of Animal Ecology, 79, 633–639. Experimental evidence of extinction via an Allee effect (AE) is a priority as more species become threatened by human activity. Kramer & Drake (2010) begin the International Year of Biodiversity with the important – but double‐edged – demonstration that predators can induce an AE in their prey. The good news is that their experiments help bridge the knowledge gap between theoretical and empirical AEs. The bad news is that this predator‐driven AE precipitates the prey extinction via a demographic AE. Although their findings will be sensitive to departures from their experimental protocol, this link between predation and population extinction could have important consequences for many prey species.