bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interdisziplinäres Management vaskulärer Anomalien im
Kopf-Hals-Bereich
Authors: Mattheis Stefan , Wanke Isabel 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungVaskuläre Anomalien im Kopf-Hals-Bereich sind meist seltene Erkrankungen und
stellen diagnostisch und therapeutisch eine besondere Herausforderung dar. Sie
werden eingeteilt in vaskuläre Tumore und vaskuläre Malformationen. Bei den
Tumoren unterscheidet man benigne Tumore, wie z. B. das infantile Hämangiom. von
seltenen malignen Tumoren, wie z. B. dem Angiosarkom. Die vaskulären
Malformationen werden eingeteilt in einfache Malformationen, gemischte
Malformationen, Anomalien großer Gefäße und Anomalien im Rahmen von Syndromen.
Die Behandlung erfolgt interdisziplinär und es stehen verschiedene Modalitäten
zur Verfügung. Hierzu gehören klinische Beobachtung, Sklerotherapie,
Embolisation, ablative und koagulierende Verfahren, chirurgische Resektion und
medikamentöse Systemtherapie. Die Therapie ist herausfordernd, da bei vaskulären
Anomalien im Kopf-Hals-Bereich praktisch immer Funktion und Ästhetik betroffen
sind. Ein besseres Verständnis der genetischen und molekularbiologischen
Grundlagen vaskulärer Anomalien führte in jüngster Zeit zur klinischen
Erforschung zielgerichteter medikamentöser Therapien. Dieser Artikel bietet eine
aktuelle Übersicht über die Diagnostik, Klink und Therapie vaskulärer Anomalien
im Kopf-Hals-Bereich.
Solving inverse obstacle scattering problem with latent surface representations
Authors: Chen Junqing , Jin Bangti , Liu Haibo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We propose a novel iterative numerical method to solve the three-dimensional inverse obstacle scattering problem of recovering the shape of an obstacle from far-field measurements. To address the inherent ill-posed nature of the inverse problem, we advocate the use of a trained latent representation of surfaces as the generative prior. This prior enjoys excellent expressivity within the given class of shapes, and meanwhile, the latent dimensionality is low, which greatly facilitates the computation. Thus, the admissible manifold of surfaces is realistic and the resulting optimization problem is less ill-posed. We employ the shape derivative to evolve the latent surface representation, by minimizing the loss, and we provide a local convergence analysis of a gradient descent type algorithm to a stationary point of the loss. We present several numerical examples, including also backscattered and phaseless data, to showcase the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Introduction to theoretical and experimental aspects of quantum optimal control
Authors: Ansel Q , Dionis E , Arrouas F , Peaudecerf B , Guérin S , Guéry-Odelin D , Sugny D 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Quantum optimal control (QOC) is a set of methods for designing time-varying electromagnetic fields to perform operations in quantum technologies. This tutorial paper introduces the basic elements of this theory based on the Pontryagin maximum principle, in a physicist-friendly way. An analogy with classical Lagrangian and Hamiltonian mechanics is proposed to present the main results used in this field. Emphasis is placed on the different numerical algorithms to solve a QOC problem. Several examples ranging from the control of two-level quantum systems to that of Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) in a one-dimensional optical lattice are studied in detail, using both analytical and numerical methods. Codes based on shooting method and gradient-based algorithms are provided. The connection between optimal processes and the quantum speed limit is also discussed in two-level quantum systems. In the case of BEC, the experimental implementation of optimal control protocols is described, both for two-level and many-level cases, with the current constraints and limitations of such platforms. This presentation is illustrated by the corresponding experimental results.
Performance study of an array piezoelectric energy harvester for pressure pulsation vibration energy in water hydraulic system
Authors: Xian Tongrui , Xu Yifei , Chen Chen , Wang Guosen , Wang Mengdi , Shi Weijie 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this paper, an array piezoelectric energy harvester (APEH) is designed for energy collection from water hydraulic system. The APEH is arranged in a spatial axial array, exhibiting excellent insulation and waterproof properties. The effects of connection modes and pressure pulsation parameters on the output performance of APEH are investigated through theoretical analysis, simulation and experiment. The results show that the output electric energy of each piezoelectric disk is consistent, and it is generated by the deformation caused by pressure pulsation. The connection modes show significant differences at different resistances. Series and parallel connections have the same maximum output power. The parallel connection has a smaller optimal resistance and has advantages in practical engineering applications. Both the pressure amplitude and the pulsation frequency affect the output voltage and power and increasing the pulsation frequency leads to the decrease of optimal resistance. By employing parallel connection, APEH can achieve higher output at lower load resistances. When the resistance is 12 kΩ, the average power and power density are reach as 997.63 μW and 2.54 μW mm−3, respectively. In summary, the APEH proposed in this paper offering a viable solution for energy recovery in water hydraulic systems and the sustainable power supply of the sensors, along with providing relevant theoretical references and practical schemes.
Efficient fabrication of high quality SU-8 photoresist based microsphere lasers via emulsion
Authors: Nguyen Toan Van , Nguyen Hoang Minh , Nguyen Thau Xuan , Tien Tran Quoc , Ta Van Duong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
SU-8 photoresist is a highly important material in the field of microfabrication and photonics owing to its low cost, excellent chemical and mechanical durability, high refractive index and transparency in the visible range. As a result, SU-8 photoresist has been employed as a cavity matrix for microsphere lasers. However, the current fabrication technique of SU-8 based microsphere lasers is complex and time-consuming. Here, we demonstrate a novel, cost-effective fabrication method for dye-doped SU-8 microspheres with diameters ranging from about 15–100 µm. These microspheres exhibit efficient lasing emission under optical pulse excitation. Lasing thresholds of 20–30 µJ mm−2 and quality factors ranging from 1500 to 3000 are achieved. The size dependence of lasing characteristics indicates that the lasing mechanism is due to whispering gallery mode. Interestingly, these microsphere lasers can work in water, presenting promising application prospects in the fields of biological and chemical sensors.
Free electron emission in vacuum assisted by photonic time crystals
Authors: Gao Xiaoke , Zhao Xiaoyu , Ma Xikui , Dong Tianyu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The Cerenkov radiation and Smith–Purcell (SP) effect state that free electron emission occurs exclusively in dielectrics when the velocity of the particles exceeds the speed of light in the medium or in the vicinity of periodic gratings close to each other within a vacuum. We demonstrate that free electrons in a vacuum can also emit highly directional monochromatic waves when they are in close proximity to a medium that is periodically modulated temporally, suggesting the existence of the temporal SP effect. The momentum band gaps of time-varying media, such as photonic time crystals (PTCs), create new pathways for the injection of external energy, allowing the frequency, intensity, and spatial distribution of electromagnetic fields to be controlled. Moreover, the PTC substrate enables the conversion of localized evanescent fields into amplified, highly directional propagating plane waves that are only sensitive to the velocity of particles and the modulation frequency, which allows us to observe and utilize Cerenkov-like radiation in free space. Our work presents significant opportunities for the utilization of time-varying structures in various fields, including particle identification, ultraweak signal detection, and improved radiation source design.
A voltage-driven dual-mode MoSe2 photodetector with graphene as van der Waals contact
Authors: Xia Zhonghui , Wang Sujuan , Liu Xueting , Chen Hongyu , Su Longxing 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) molybdenum selenide (MoSe2) is promising for use in the development of photodetectors for the harvesting of light from the ultraviolet to the near-infrared band, while high responsivity and fast response speed are difficult to simultaneously realize. Herein, we present a dual-mode MoSe2 photodetector with asymmetric electrodes, in which graphene and Cr metal are utilized as ohmic and Schottky contacts, respectively. The photodiode possesses fabulous Schottky characteristics, with a rectification ratio of ∼250 and a low dark current of ∼40 pA at −1 V. Under forward bias voltage of 1 V, the photodetector works in photoconductive mode with a slow response speed (decay time: ∼5 min) but high responsivity (632 mA W−1). However, at reverse bias voltage, the photodetector acts as a photovoltaic-type device due to the Schottky barrier between Cr and MoSe2. Because of the reinforced built-in electric field, the photodetector driven at −5 V shows much faster response speeds (rise time: 1.96 ms; decay time: 755 µs). This study provides a deep understanding of asymmetric structure MoSe2 photodetectors operated in two modes, which promotes a forward step toward 2D material optoelectronics.
Chemical bonding in phase-change chalcogenides
Authors: Müller P C , Elliott S R , Dronskowski R , Jones R O 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Almost all phase-change memory materials (PCM) contain chalcogen atoms, and their chemical bonds have been denoted both as ‘electron-deficient’ [sometimes referred to as ‘metavalent’] and ‘electron-rich’ [‘hypervalent’, multicentre]. The latter involve lone-pair electrons. We have performed calculations that can discriminate unambiguously between these two classes of bond and have shown that PCM have electron-rich, 3c–4e (‘hypervalent’) bonds. Plots of charge transferred between (ET) and shared with (ES) neighbouring atoms cannot on their own distinguish between ‘metavalent’ and ‘hypervalent’ bonds, both of which involve single-electron bonds. PCM do not exhibit ‘metavalent’ bonding and are not electron-deficient; the bonding is electron-rich of the ‘hypervalent’ or multicentre type.
Age-dependent coupling characteristics of bilateral frontal EEG during desflurane anesthesia
Authors: Li Ziyang , Wang Peiqi , Han Licheng , Hao Xinyu , Mi Weidong , Tong Li , Liang Zhenhu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objectives. The purpose of this study is to investigate the age dependence of bilateral frontal electroencephalogram (EEG) coupling characteristics, and find potential age-independent depth of anesthesia monitoring indicators for the elderlies. Approach. We recorded bilateral forehead EEG data from 41 patients (ranged in 19–82 years old), and separated into three age groups: 18–40 years (n = 12); 40–65 years (n = 14), >65 years (n = 15). All these patients underwent desflurane maintained general anesthesia (GA). We analyzed the age-related EEG spectra, phase amplitude coupling (PAC), coherence and phase lag index (PLI) of EEG data in the states of awake, GA, and recovery. Main results. The frontal alpha power shows age dependence in the state of GA maintained by desflurane. Modulation index in slow oscillation-alpha and delta-alpha bands showed age dependence and state dependence in varying degrees, the PAC pattern also became less pronounced with increasing age. In the awake state, the coherence in delta, theta and alpha frequency bands were all significantly higher in the >65 years age group than in the 18–40 years age group (p< 0.05 for three frequency bands). The coherence in alpha-band was significantly enhanced in all age groups in GA (p < 0.01) and then decreased in recovery state. Notably, the PLI in the alpha band was able to significantly distinguish the three states of awake, GA and recovery (p< 0.01) and the results of PLI in delta and theta frequency bands had similar changes to those of coherence. Significance. We found the EEG coupling and synchronization between bilateral forehead are age-dependent. The PAC, coherence and PLI portray this age-dependence. The PLI and coherence based on bilateral frontal EEG functional connectivity measures and PAC based on frontal single-channel are closely associated with anesthesia-induced unconsciousness.
Myocardial infarction detection method based on the continuous T-wave area feature and multi-lead-fusion deep features
Authors: Jiang Mingfeng , Bian Feibiao , Zhang Jucheng , Huang Tianhai , Xia Ling , Chu Yonghua , Wang Zhikang , Jiang Jun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective. Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the most threatening cardiovascular diseases. This paper aims to explore a method for using an algorithm to autonomously classify MI based on the electrocardiogram (ECG). Approach. A detection method of MI that fuses continuous T-wave area (C_TWA) feature and ECG deep features is proposed. This method consists of three main parts: (1) The onset of MI is often accompanied by changes in the shape of the T-wave in the ECG, thus the area of the T-wave displayed on different heartbeats will be quite different. The adaptive sliding window method is used to detect the start and end of the T-wave, and calculate the C_TWA on the same ECG record. Additionally, the coefficient of variation of C_TWA is defined as the C_TWA feature of the ECG. (2) The multi lead fusion convolutional neural network was implemented to extract the deep features of the ECG. (3) The C_TWA feature and deep features of the ECG were fused by soft attention, and then inputted into the multi-layer perceptron to obtain the detection result. Main results. According to the inter-patient paradigm, the proposed method reached a 97.67% accuracy, 96.59% precision, and 98.96% recall on the PTB dataset, as well as reached 93.15% accuracy, 93.20% precision, and 95.14% recall on the clinical dataset. Significance. This method accurately extracts the feature of the C_TWA, and combines the deep features of the signal, thereby improving the detection accuracy and achieving favorable results on clinical datasets.
Investigation on the edge cooling threshold of the density limit in the J-TEXT tokamak with limiter and divertor configurations
Authors: Xu X , Chen Z P , Yang Q H , Wang J M , Guo J l , Yan W , Zhang X L , Wang Y H , Jin Z Y , Gao L , Yang Z J , Zhang X Q , Wang N C , Chen Z Y ,   J-TEXT Team
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Cooling of the plasma edge is widely considered to be a key element in the density limit (DL) of tokamaks. This paper investigates the critical edge cooling threshold of the DL by exploring various plasma configurations in the joint-Texas experimental tokamak. Notably, significant differences in the edge electron temperature in the vicinity of the last closed flux surface were observed between the limiter and divertor configurations. However, the electron temperature drops to a similar level in the vicinity of q= 3 surface close to DL, independent of the magnetic field configuration. In addition, to evaluate the reliability of the critical edge cooling threshold, experiments were conducted by increasing the carbon impurity content to enhance the edge cooling rate. These experiments involved two approaches to increase the carbon impurity content: methane injection and penetration of a graphite solid source. Results from these experiments indicate that the temperature threshold of the q = 3 surfaces remains consistent even with a stronger edge cooling rate. The consistency observed in the electron temperature threshold near the q = 3 surface, regardless of magnetic configuration or edge cooling rate, could help refine existing theoretical and simulation works and improve the prediction accuracy of the DL disruption.
Experiments and gyrokinetic simulations of TCV plasmas with negative triangularity in view of DTT operations
Authors: Balestri A , Mantica P , Mariani A , Bagnato F , Bolzonella T , Ball J , Coda S , Dunne M , Faitsch M , Innocente P , Muscente P , Sauter O , Vallar M , Viezzer E ,   the TCV Team,   the EUROfusion Tokamak Exploitation Team
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Negative triangularity (NT) scenarios in TCV have been compared to positive triangularity (PT) scenarios using the same plasma shapes foreseen for divertor tokamak test tokamak operations. The experiments provided a NT/PT L-mode pair and a PT H-mode with different heating mixes. Regardless of the heating mix, NT L-modes always reached higher values of plasma pressure with respect to PT L-modes with the same power and recovered the central pressure of PT H-mode scenarios heated with up to twice the injected power. The experimental analysis shows that this enhanced performance in NT is due to larger temperature and density gradients close to the edge (

ρ

t
o
r

=
[
0.8
−
1.0
]

) and higher values of pressure at the separatrix. Local gyrokinetic simulations agree with the experimental results and are able to catch the effect of shaping alone. Integrated modeling performed with ASTRA-TGLF reproduces reasonably well the PT shot but is not able to fully capture the improvements in the NT shot.
Height-modulating horizontal transport of dust particles in a dusty plasma ratchet
Authors: Zhang Shun-xin , Wang Shuo , Yao Ting-yu , Tian Miao , Fan Wei-li , Liu Fu-cheng , He Ya-feng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Dust particles are often electrostatically trapped and levitated within the non-electroneutral region of a sheath. The fascinating transport phenomena of dust particles strongly depend on the plasma parameters surrounding them within the sheath, whereas, that are quite difficult to obtain, leading to an unclear understanding of particle transport mechanisms. Here, we demonstrate a tunable horizontal transport of micron-sized dust particles by precisely manipulating their vertically suspended heights in an asymmetric ratchet sheath by designing dusty plasma ratchet. A collection of dust particles serves as micro-probes to detect the height-dependent transport properties and the feature of the sheath. Two methods are employed to lift or reduce the suspended heights of dust particles while maintaining the sheath unchanged. As the suspended heights of dust particles vary, their directional transport changes accordingly, including a flow reversal. A two-dimensional model of the ratchet sheath depicts the nonlinear distributions of plasma parameters and reveals that these unexpected transport phenomena can be attributed to the dependence of the electric ratchet potential and the resulting non-equilibrium net ion drag force on the suspended heights of dust particles. Our combined experimental and theoretical study provides insights into the fundamental transport properties of dust particles in an asymmetrical sheath.
Investigation of a dexterous actuator integrated with magnetorheological bearings towards high switching frequency and fast response
Authors: Zheng Ling , Zhu Shengfeng , Yang Jian , Gong Liping , Li Weihua , Zhang Shiwu , Du Haiping , Sun Shuaishuai 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Actuators are pivotal for empowering robots to execute a wide array of tasks and adapt to diverse surroundings. However, conventional actuators with a low switching frequency and a prolonged response time significantly comprise the adaptability of robots, restricting them to single operation conditions. This paper presents a solution to this issue by introducing a dexterous actuator integrated with magnetorheological bearings (referred to as MR actuator) for real-time controllable damping. Compared to conventional actuators, the MR actuator boasts exceptional dexterity, featuring a significantly-elevated switching frequency and swifter response time. To validate the remarkable dexterity of this MR actuator, rapid commutation tests and transient response experiments were conducted. Impressively, the MR actuator achieved a stable switching frequency of up to 10 Hz, surpassing that of conventional actuators (2 Hz). Moreover, it demonstrated a reduced response time and a heightened energy efficiency. Beyond robotics, applications of MR actuators are also found in areas requiring an improved machinery precision and production efficiency.
A soft robot tactile fingertip for grasping surface posture detection
Authors: Wang Haojie , Zhou Chao , Li Hangze , Chen Jinmiao , Yu Ping , Chen Changan , Zhang Youzhi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The application field of robots is gradually extending from traditional industrial manufacturing to commercial services, medical care and other fields. Stable grasping is a necessary prerequisite for various complex robot application scenarios. The existing research on robot tactile sensor mainly focus on sensing tactile information, such as pressure or sliding. However, grasping surface posture as a tactile information that has a significant impact on the stability of grasping is often ignored. This study proposed a novel soft robot tactile fingertip that can not only detect the grasping force but also simultaneously detect the grasping surface posture. It is capable of recognizing 19 grasping surface postures in real-time using Mamdani fuzzy control method. The soft robot tactile fingertip has a simple structure and easy to fabricate at low cost. The application example of the two-finger mechanical hand using the soft tactile fingertip samples for stable grasping was demonstrated. This study shows that the soft robot tactile fingertip has great application prospects in the field of robot intelligent grasping.
Effect of Ti content on abnormal grain growth of Fe–Mn–Al–Ni–Ti shape memory alloy
Authors: Wang Qinghao , Cui Ye , Li Xinghao , Wu Pulin , Wang Haosheng , Zhang Zhongwu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this paper, the effects of Ti content on the solvus temperature of γ-phase and abnormal grain growth (AGG) in Fe43.5−x
Mn34Al15Ni7.5Ti
x
(x = 0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5) shape memory alloys (SMAs) were investigated. It is found that, the increase of Ti content leads to a significant reduction of the solvus temperature of γ-phase, a significant refinement of γ-phase, and a decrease of subgrain size. After 3 times cyclic heat treatments, the average grain size of Fe42Mn34Al15Ni7.5Ti1.5 SMA reaches about 9.0 mm, which is about twice of that for Fe42.5Mn34Al15Ni7.5Ti1 SMA. This is attributed to the small subgrains can provide a higher subgrain boundary energy (ΔG
s) and grain boundary (GB) migration rate. The subgrain size of Fe42Mn34Al15Ni7.5Ti1.5 SMA (9.7 μm) is significantly smaller than that of Fe42.5Mn34Al15Ni7.5Ti1 SMA (21.3 μm). Thereby, the ΔG
s (15.3 × 10−2 J mol−1) and GB migration rate (11.3 × 10−6 m s−1) of Fe42Mn34Al15Ni7.5Ti1.5 SMA are significantly higher than those of Fe42.5Mn34Al15Ni7.5Ti1 SMA (7.1 × 10−2 J mol−1, 6.3 × 10−6 m s−1). In addition, when the applied strain was up to 10%, the maximum superelastic strain of Fe42Mn34Al15Ni7.5Ti1.5 and Fe42.5Mn34Al15Ni7.5Ti1 were 5.5% and 5.1%, respectively. In summary, the addition of 1.5 at.% Ti in Fe–Mn–Al–Ni–Ti SMA can promote the AGG with relatively small loss in superelasticity.
Riemann-Hilbert approach and double-pole solutions for the third-order flow equation of DNLS-type equation with nonzero boundary conditions
Authors: Qin Yue , Huang Ye-Hui , Yao Yuqin , Zhang Juan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this paper, the Riemann-Hilbert approach is applied to study a third-order flow equation of derivative nonlinear Schrödinger-type equation with nonzero boundary conditions. By utilizing the analytical, symmetric, and asymptotic properties of eigenfunctions, a generalized Riemann-Hilbert problem is formulated for the third-order flow equation of derivative nonlinear Schrödinger-type equation with nonzero boundary conditions. The formulas of N-soliton solutions for cases of single pole and double poles are given. We present some kinds of soliton solutions of these two cases according to different distributions of spectral parameters to study the dynamical behavior of them.