bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enantioselective Cyclopropanation Reactions with Planar‐Chiral Pyridinium Ylides: A Substituent Effect and a Remote Steric Effect
Authors: Kanomata Nobuhiro , Sakaguchi Ryo , Sekine Kazuki , Yamashita Satomi , Tanaka Hiroko 
Published: November 2010

AbstractNovel planar‐chiral pyridinium ylides were designed, and generated in situ from the corresponding pyridinium salts with triethylamine. Ylides with a common parapyridinophane skeleton reacted efficiently with electron‐deficient dicyanoalkenes, or malononitriles, to produce optically active cyclopropane derivatives with high enantioselectivity (up to 99% ee). Remote steric effects were observed on the enantioselectivities, where the R2 groups of the pyridinophane core resulted in higher ee values of the products. Density function theory (DFT) calculations are in good agreement with our experimental results: the energetically favored transition state leads to the major stereoisomer, namely the trans‐cyclopropane products.
Dibutyltin Dimethoxide‐Catalyzed Cyano Transfer to Aldehydes and Imines
Authors: Yanagisawa Akira , Matsumoto Takuya , Kushihara Naoyuki , Yoshida Kazuhiro 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA novel reaction involving cyano transfer from benzophenone cyanohydrin to aldehydes and imines was realized by using dibutyltin dimethoxide as a catalyst. Various cyanohydrins and α‐amino nitriles were obtained in moderate to high yields by this reaction. Ketimines also showed remarkable reactivity as cyano acceptors under conventional reaction conditions. This catalytic reaction was further applied to a three‐component condensation reaction of aldehydes, aniline, and benzophenone cyanohydrin in the presence of Drierite®.
Superparamagnetic Nanoparticle‐Supported (S)‐Diphenyl‐ prolinol Trimethylsilyl Ether as a Recyclable Catalyst for Asymmetric Michael Addition in Water
Authors: Wang Bang Gen , Ma Bao Chun , Wang Qiong , Wang Wei 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA new superparamagnetic nanoparticle‐supported (S)‐diphenylprolinol trimethylsilyl ether (Jørgensen–Hayashi catalyst) was synthesized and applied for the asymmetric Michael addition of aldehydes to nitroalkenes in water, which gives products in moderate to good yields (up to 96%), good enantioselectivity (up to 90% ee) and diastereoselectivities (up to 99:1). The immobilized catalyst could be easily separated from the reaction by an external magnet and recycled for four times without significant loss of catalytic efficiency.
The financing of clinical genetics research by disease advocacy organizations: A review of funding disclosures in biomedical journals
Authors: Sharp Richard R. , Landy David C. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAnecdotal reports suggest that disease‐advocacy groups (DAOs) participate in multiple aspects of clinical research. No systemic analysis of the extent of DAO involvement in clinical genetics research has been conducted to date. We conducted a systematic review of journal articles published in 2004 and 2005 reporting clinical research on 50 genetic diseases to assess the extent to which DAOs financed the studies reported, assisted in subject recruitment, or participated in other aspects of research. Of 513 articles, 350 (68%) included a statement regarding research support. Of these articles, 114 (33%) acknowledged DAO funding. The proportion of articles reporting financial support from a DAO varied greatly by disease. Articles reporting financial support from a DAO often identified at least one additional source of support (73%). Of the articles examined, 19 (4%) acknowledged DAO assistance with subject recruitment and 11 (2%) included an author affiliated with a DAO. DAOs provide financial support for numerous clinical research studies in genetics, often in partnership with government agencies and for‐profit corporations. DAOs also participate in other aspects of clinical research, including subject recruitment. Future studies should seek to characterize these research partnerships more fully. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fingolimod provides long‐term protection in rodent models of cerebral ischemia
Authors: Wei Ying , Yemisci Muge , Kim Hyung‐Hwan , Yung Lai Ming , Shin Hwa Kyoung , Hwang Seo‐Kyoung , Guo Shuzhen , Qin Tao , Alsharif Nafiseh , Brinkmann Volker , Liao James K , Lo Eng H , Waeber Christian 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjective:The sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) receptor agonist fingolimod (FTY720), that has shown efficacy in advanced multiple sclerosis clinical trials, decreases reperfusion injury in heart, liver, and kidney. We therefore tested the therapeutic effects of fingolimod in several rodent models of focal cerebral ischemia. To assess the translational significance of these findings, we asked whether fingolimod improved long‐term behavioral outcomes, whether delayed treatment was still effective, and whether neuroprotection can be obtained in a second species.Methods:We used rodent models of middle cerebral artery occlusion and cell‐culture models of neurotoxicity and inflammation to examine the therapeutic potential and mechanisms of neuroprotection by fingolimod.Results:In a transient mouse model, fingolimod reduced infarct size, neurological deficit, edema, and the number of dying cells in the core and periinfarct area. Neuroprotection was accompanied by decreased inflammation, as fingolimod‐treated mice had fewer activated neutrophils, microglia/macrophages, and intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1)‐positive blood vessels. Fingolimod‐treated mice showed a smaller infarct and performed better in behavioral tests up to 15 days after ischemia. Reduced infarct was observed in a permanent model even when mice were treated 4 hours after ischemic onset. Fingolimod also decreased infarct size in a rat model of focal ischemia. Fingolimod did not protect primary neurons against glutamate excitotoxicity or hydrogen peroxide, but decreased ICAM‐1 expression in brain endothelial cells stimulated by tumor necrosis factor alpha.Interpretation:These findings suggest that anti‐inflammatory mechanisms, and possibly vasculoprotection, rather than direct effects on neurons, underlie the beneficial effects of fingolimod after stroke. S1P receptors are a highly promising target in stroke treatment. ANN NEUROL, 2010
Eating and hypothalamus changes in behavioral‐variant frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Piguet Olivier , Petersén Åsa , Yin Ka Lam Bonnie , Gabery Sanaz , Murphy Karen , Hodges John R. , Halliday Glenda M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjectiveBehavioral‐variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) is a progressive neurodegenerative brain disorder, clinically characterized by changes in cognition, personality, and behavior. Marked disturbances in eating behavior, such as overeating and preference for sweet foods, are also commonly reported. The hypothalamus plays a critical role in feeding regulation, yet the relation between pathology in this region and eating behavior in FTD is unknown. This study aimed to address this issue using 2 complementary approaches.MethodsFirst, 18 early stage bvFTD patients and 16 healthy controls underwent high‐resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging and assessment of eating behavior. Hypothalamic volumes were traced manually on coronal images. Second, postmortem analyses of 12 bvFTD cases and 6 matched controls were performed. Fixed hypothalamic tissue sections were stained for a cell marker and for peptides regulating feeding behaviors using immunohistochemistry. Stereological estimates of the hypothalamic volume and the number of neurons and glia were performed.ResultsSignificant atrophy of the hypothalamus in bvFTD was present in both analyses. Patients with high feeding disturbance exhibited significant atrophy of the posterior hypothalamus. Neuronal loss, which was observed only in bvFTD cases with Tar DNA protein‐43 deposition, was also predominant posteriorly. In contrast, orexin (hypocretin), neuropeptide Y, cocaine‐ and amphetamine‐regulating transcript, and vasopressin‐containing neurons that regulate appetite were spared in posterior nuclei known to participate in feeding regulation.InterpretationDegeneration and consequent dysregulation within the hypothalamus relates to significant feeding disturbance in bvFTD. These findings provide a basis for the development of therapeutic models. Ann Neurol 2011
Palladium(II) complexes of Y,C,Y‐chelated phosphines: synthesis, structure, and catalytic activity in Suzuki–Miyaura reaction
Authors: Řezníček Tomáš , Dostál Libor , Růžička Aleš , Kulhánek Jiří , Bureš Filip , Jambor Roman 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe phosphines L1PPh2 (1) and L2PPh2 (2) containing different Y,C,Y‐chelating ligands, L1 = 2,6‐(tBuOCH2)2C6H3− and L2 = 2,6‐(Me2NCH2)2C6H3−, were treated with PdCl2 and di‐µ‐chloro‐bis[2‐[(N,N‐dimethylamino)methyl]phenyl‐C,N]‐dipalladium(II) and yielded complexes trans‐{[2,6‐(tBuOCH2)2C6H3]PPh2}2PdCl2 (3), {[2,6‐(Me2NCH2)2C6H3]PPh2} PdCl2 (4), {[2,6‐(tBuOCH2)2C6H3]PPh2}Pd(Cl)[2‐(Me2NCH2)C6H4] (5) and {[2,6‐(Me2NCH2)2C6H3]PPh2}Pd(Cl)[2‐(Me2NCH2)C6H4] (6) as the result of different ability of starting phosphines 1 and 2 to complex PdCl2. Compounds 3–6 were characterized by 1H, 13C, 31P NMR spectroscopy and ESI‐MS. The molecular structures of 3,4 and 6 were also determined by X‐ray diffraction analysis. The catalytic activity of complexes 3–6 was evaluated in the Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Catalytic dehydrogenative coupling of diorganotindihydrides by lanthanide diamide complexes
Authors: Schittelkopf Kathrin , Fischer Roland C. , Meyer Sarah , Wilfling Petra , Uhlig Frank 
Published: November 2010

AbstractDespite the fact that sterically demanding 1,2‐dihydrodistannanes are versatile synthons, their synthesis is typically a tedious, low‐yield procedure, which limits synthetic applications. Looking for generally applicable and high‐yield routes, we examined the dehydrogenative coupling of sterically crowded diorganotindihydrides. Herein, we report the application of lanthanide diamide‐based catalysts (CH2)3‐1,3‐[N(Dipp)]2LnBr (Ln = La,Ce,Nd,Dy) to generate polystannanes and distannanes, depending on the size of the aromatic substituents. Reaction of tBu2SnH2 resulted in the quantitative formation of 1,1,2,2‐tetra‐tert‐butyldistannane while conversion of sterically encumbered Mes2SnH2 yielded 1,1,2,2‐tetramesityldistannane. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Relationship Between Aquaporin‐4 Expression and Blood‐Brain and Spinal Cord Barrier Permeability Following Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in the Rat
Authors: Huang Xiang‐Nan , Wang Wei‐Zhi , Fu Jin , Wang Hua‐Bing 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAquaporin 4(AQP4) is a water channel protein strongly expressed in the central nervous system in perimicrovessel astrocyte foot processes, the glia limitans, and ependyma. Expression of AQP4 is highest at the blood‐brain barrier and blood‐spinal cord barrier, supporting its critical function in material transport across these structures. Recently, presence of the anti‐aquaporin‐4 antibody in sera has been used as an important diagnostic tool for neuromyelitis optica, suggesting a potential role in central nervous system inflammation. The aim of the present study was to examine AQP4 protein expression in the cerebellum and spinal cord from rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. By western blot analysis, AQP4 expression increased during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis development, and peaked at onset (lumbar enlargement) or climax (cerebellum) of neurological signs of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. There was also a faster and more pronounced increase in permeability in the cerebellar blood‐brain barrier and the lumbar enlargement blood‐spinal cord barrier consistent with AQP4 expression, which was manifested by increased Evans Blue leakage and reduced tight junction protein expression. In conclusion, aquaporin upregulation may be involved in the development of inflammation in the acute phase of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, and may correlate with damage to central nervous system barrier function. Anat Rec, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nasal Septal and Premaxillary Developmental Integration: Implications for Facial Reduction in Homo
Authors: Holton Nathan E. , Franciscus Robert G. , Marshall Steven D. , Southard Thomas E. , Nieves Mary Ann 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe influence of the chondrocranium in craniofacial development and its role in the reduction of facial size and projection in the genus Homo is incompletely understood. As one component of the chondrocranium, the nasal septum has been argued to play a significant role in human midfacial growth, particularly with respect to its interaction with the premaxilla during prenatal and early postnatal development. Thus, understanding the precise role of nasal septal growth on the facial skeleton is potentially informative with respect to the evolutionary change in craniofacial form. In this study, we assessed the integrative effects of the nasal septum and premaxilla by experimentally reducing facial length in Sus scrofa via circummaxillary suture fixation. Following from the nasal septal‐traction model, we tested the following hypotheses: (1) facial growth restriction produces no change in nasal septum length; and (2) restriction of facial length produces compensatory premaxillary growth due to continued nasal septal growth. With respect to hypothesis 1, we found no significant differences in septum length (using the vomer as a proxy) in our experimental (n = 10), control (n = 9) and surgical sham (n = 9) trial groups. With respect to hypothesis 2, the experimental group exhibited a significant increase in premaxilla length. Our hypotheses were further supported by multivariate geometric morphometric analysis and support an integrative relationship between the nasal septum and premaxilla. Thus, continued assessment of the growth and integration of the nasal septum and premaxilla is potentially informative regarding the complex developmental mechanisms that underlie facial reduction in genus Homo evolution. Anat Rec, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regional and Zonal Histo‐Morphological Characteristics of the Lapine Menisci
Authors: Killian Megan L. , Lepinski Nicole M. , Haut Roger C. , Haut Donahue Tammy L. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe menisci have crucial weight‐bearing roles in the knee. Regional variations in structure and cellularity of the meniscus have only been minimally investigated. Therefore, the goal of this study was to illustrate the regional cell density, tissue area, and structure of healthy lapine menisci. Skeletally mature Flemish Giant rabbits were used for this study. Upon sacrifice, menisci were removed, fixed in formalin, and cryosectioned. Histological analysis was performed for the detection of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAG), collagen Types I and II, cellular density, and tissue area. ANOVA and paired t tests were used for testing of statistical significance. Glycosaminoglycan coverage of the medial meniscus significantly varied between regions, with the anterior region demonstrating significantly more GAG coverage than the posterior region. Inter‐ and intra‐meniscal comparisons revealed variations between zones, with trends that outer zones of the medial menisci had less GAG coverage. Collagen Types I and II had marked characteristics and varying degrees of coverage across regions. Tissue area varied between regions for both medial and lateral menisci. Cellular density was dependent on region in the lateral meniscus. This is the first study to illustrate regional and zonal variation in glycosaminoglycan coverage, size, and cellular density for healthy lapine meniscal tissue. This data provides baseline information for future investigations in meniscal injury models in rabbits. Anat Rec, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
AMMA information system: an efficient cross‐disciplinary tool and a legacy for forthcoming projects
Authors: Fleury Laurence , Boichard Jean‐Luc , Brissebrat Guillaume , Cloché Sophie , Eymard Laurence , Mastrorillo Laurence , Moulaye Oumarou , Ramage Karim , Asencio Nicole , Coppeaux Jean , Devic Marie‐Pierre , Favot Florence , Ginoux Karine , Lafore Jean‐Philippe , Polcher Jan , Redelsperger Jean‐Luc , Roussot Odile , Tytéca Michel 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn the framework of the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses (AMMA) programme, several tools have been developed in order to facilitate and speed up data and information exchange between researchers from different disciplines. The AMMA information system includes a multidisciplinary user‐friendly distributed data management and distribution system, a reports and quick looks archive associated with a display website and scientific papers exchange systems. All the applications have been developed by several French institutions and fully duplicated in Niamey, Niger. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for the production of 1,2‐propanediol from glycerol
Authors: Clomburg James M. , Gonzalez Ramon 
Published: November 2010

AbstractDue to its availability, low‐price, and high degree of reduction, glycerol has become an attractive carbon source for the production of fuels and reduced chemicals. Using the platform we have established from the identification of key pathways mediating fermentative metabolism of glycerol, this work reports the engineering of Escherichia coli for the conversion of glycerol into 1,2‐propanediol (1,2‐PDO). A functional 1,2‐PDO pathway was engineered through a combination of overexpression of genes involved in its synthesis from the key intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and the manipulation of the fermentative glycerol utilization pathway. The former included the overexpression of methylglyoxal synthase (mgsA), glycerol dehydrogenase (gldA), and aldehyde oxidoreductase (yqhD). Manipulation of the glycerol utilization pathway through the replacement of the native E. coli PEP‐dependent dihydroxyacetone kinase (DHAK) with an ATP‐dependent DHAK from C. freundii increased the availability of DHAP allowing for higher 1,2‐PDO production. Analysis of the major fermentative pathways indentified ethanol as a required co‐product while increases in 1,2‐PDO titer and yield were achieved through the disruption of the pathways for acetate and lactate production. Combination of these key metabolic manipulations resulted in an engineered E. coli strain capable of producing 5.6 g/L 1,2‐PDO, at a yield of 21.3% (w/w). This strain also performed well when crude glycerol, a by‐product of biodiesel production, was used as the substrate. The titer and yield achieved in this study were favorable to those obtained with the use of E. coli for the production of 1,2‐PDO from common sugars. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011; 108:867–879. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Micropatterns of cell adhesive proteins with poly(ethylene oxide)‐block‐Poly(4‐vinylpyridine) diblock copolymer
Authors: Racine J. , Cheradame H. , Chu Y.S. , Thiery J.P. , Rodriguez I. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractControl of cell shape and behavior through the micropattern technique by spatial immobilization of adhesive proteins on a surface has provided novel insights in several aspects of cell biology, such as tissue morphogenesis, cell growth and cell differentiation, and apoptosis. In this work, we present the use of poly(ethylene oxide‐block‐poly(4‐vinylpyridine) (PEO‐b‐P4VP) as a non‐adhesive background to construct micropatterns of cell adhesive proteins. In the method presented, PEO‐b‐P4VP is used for its antifouling properties and at the same time, as a photosensitive material to define the micropatterns. The irradiation of PEO‐b‐P4VP with a short wavelength UV light through photolithographic mask, causes the polymer to crosslink and immobilize in the areas exposed. In the areas non‐exposed the polymer can be removed. These areas can be subsequent back filled with the adhesive protein of interest to produce the final micropatterned cell chips. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011; 108:983–987. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In situ metabolic flux analysis to quantify the liver metabolic response to experimental burn injury
Authors: Izamis Maria‐Louisa , Sharma Nripen S. , Uygun Basak , Bieganski Robert , Saeidi Nima , Nahmias Yaakov , Uygun Korkut , Yarmush Martin L. , Berthiaume Francois 
Published: November 2010

AbstractTrauma such as burns induces a hypermetabolic response associated with altered central carbon and nitrogen metabolism. The liver plays a key role in these metabolic changes; however, studies to date have evaluated the metabolic state of liver using ex vivo perfusions or isotope labeling techniques targeted to specific pathways. Herein, we developed a unique mass balance approach to characterize the metabolic state of the liver in situ, and used it to quantify the metabolic changes to experimental burn injury in rats. Rats received a sham (control uninjured), 20% or 40% total body surface area (TBSA) scald burn, and were allowed to develop a hypermetabolic response. One day prior to evaluation, all animals were fasted to deplete glycogen stores. Four days post‐burn, blood flow rates in major vessels of the liver were measured, and blood samples harvested. We combined measurements of metabolite concentrations and flow rates in the major vessels entering and leaving the liver with a steady‐state mass balance model to generate a quantitative picture of the metabolic state of liver. The main findings were: (1) Sham‐burned animals exhibited a gluconeogenic pattern, consistent with the fasted state; (2) the 20% TBSA burn inhibited gluconeogenesis and exhibited glycolytic‐like features with very few other significant changes; (3) the 40% TBSA burn, by contrast, further enhanced gluconeogenesis and also increased amino acid extraction, urea cycle reactions, and several reactions involved in oxidative phosphorylation. These results suggest that increasing the severity of injury does not lead to a simple dose‐dependent metabolic response, but rather leads to qualitatively different responses. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011; 108:839–852. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Topology optimized microbioreactors
Authors: Schäpper Daniel , Lencastre Fernandes Rita , Lantz Anna Eliasson , Okkels Fridolin , Bruus Henrik , Gernaey Krist V. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis article presents the fusion of two hitherto unrelated fields—microbioreactors and topology optimization. The basis for this study is a rectangular microbioreactor with homogeneously distributed immobilized brewers yeast cells (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) that produce a recombinant protein. Topology optimization is then used to change the spatial distribution of cells in the reactor in order to optimize for maximal product flow out of the reactor. This distribution accounts for potentially negative effects of, for example, by‐product inhibition. We show that the theoretical improvement in productivity is at least fivefold compared with the homogeneous reactor. The improvements obtained by applying topology optimization are largest where either nutrition is scarce or inhibition effects are pronounced. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011; 108:786–796. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.