bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alternate Site Right Ventricular Pacing: Defining Template Scoring
Authors: MOND HARRY G. , FELDMAN ALEXANDER , KUMAR SAURABH , ROSSO RAPHAEL , HUNG THUY TO , PANG BEN 
Published: May 2011

Background:
Prolonged right ventricular (RV) apical pacing produces dysynchronous ventricular contraction, which may result in left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, whereas septal pacing sites might reflect a more synchronous LV activation. This study examined a method of evaluating alternate RV pacing sites using a template scoring system based on measuring the angle of lead attachment in the 40o left anterior oblique (LAO) fluoroscopic view and its effect on altering the loop of lead in the RV.
Methods:
Twenty‐three consecutive patients for RV pacing were enrolled. Conventional active fixation leads were positioned in either the RV outflow tract (RVOT) or mid RV using a stylet designed for septal placement (Model 4140, St. Jude Medical, St. Paul, MN, USA). Using LAO cine fluoroscopy, a generous loop of lead was inserted into the RV chamber and the change in angle of attachment determined.
Results:
Successful positioning of pacing leads at the RVOT septum (18 patients) and mid‐RV septum (five patients) was achieved. With introduction of more lead into the RV chamber, the angle of attachment in the LAO projection altered over a range of 6o–32o for all patients with a mean of 14.6 ± 6.6o. In 87% of patients, the range was predominantly within the same template score with only minor overlap into another zone.
Conclusions:
This study shows that the angle of lead attachment in the RV is altered by introducing more lead, but in most cases, the template score remains the same. Further studies are required to determine the accuracy and efficacy of the templates. (PACE 2011; 34:1080–1086)
Quantifying species trait‐functioning relationships for ecosystem management
Authors: Comas L.H. , Goslee S.C. , Skinner R.H. , Sanderson M.A. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractQuestions:Can we use plant traits to make predictions about ecosystem functioning of different species mixtures, identify inherent trade‐offs of particular species, and design custom communities for desired ecosystem functions? Can we develop a methodology to address plant trait–functioning relationships in species‐level units, which are missing from measures of community functional diversity but needed for management?Location:Grazing lands northeastern USA.Method:We measured 53 physiological, morphological and growth traits for 19 plant species from glasshouse and field experiments. We developed a two‐step method to link species to ecosystem processes related to management goals of improving desirable forage production in grazing lands in northeastern USA.Results:Species were distributed continuously, rather than clustering into discrete functional types. Grasses, legumes and forbs overlapped considerably in trait values with these common classifications failing to adequately distinguish functional differences. Factor analyses were used to assess variation in species traits, and to rate species for six plant processes through which species contribute to the production of desirable forage. Species performed well in some processes and poorly in others, illustrating complex trade‐offs.Conclusions:This methodology provides a foundation for developing tools to guide construction of communities for applied settings, and for assembling hypotheses about plant functioning in mixtures.
Characteristics of clinical decision support alert overrides in an electronic prescribing system at a tertiary care paediatric hospital
Authors: Jani Yogini Hariprasad , Barber Nick , Wong Ian Chi Kei 
Published: May 2011

Abstract

Context
Electronic prescribing (EP) systems are advocated as a solution to minimise medication errors. Benefits in patient safety are often as a result of some clinical decision support (CDS) within the system.

Objective
To study the characteristics of the CDS alerts generated within a commercially available EP system in use at a tertiary care paediatric hospital in the UK.

Methods
Retrospective review and characterisation of CDS alerts recorded in the EP system over 1 year.

Results
A total of 16 182 conflict alerts were recorded when ordering 26 836 items, of which 3507 (13 alerts per 100 prescription orders (95% confidence interval, 12.8 to 13.6)) were visible to the user. Eighty nine percent (3119/3507) of all visible alerts were overridden by the user at point of prescribing. Drug-allergy conflict alerts were the most accepted, and exact drug duplication alerts the least.

Conclusion
We found a high incidence of alert override, which is undesirable but consistent with that reported in the literature. The results suggest that the underlying algorithms for alert generation in many EP systems are not specific and need to be reviewed.
The development of executive functions and early mathematics: A dynamic relationship
Authors: Van der Ven Sanne H. G. , Kroesbergen Evelyn H. , Boom Jan , Leseman Paul P. M. 
Published: May 2011

Background. The relationship between executive functions and mathematical skills has been studied extensively, but results are inconclusive, and how this relationship evolves longitudinally is largely unknown.Aim. The aim was to investigate the factor structure of executive functions in inhibition, shifting, and updating; the longitudinal development of executive functions and mathematics; and the relation between them.Sample. A total of 211 children in grade 2 (7–8 years old) from 10 schools in the Netherlands.Method. Children were followed in grade 1 and 2 of primary education. Executive functions and mathematics were measured four times. The test battery contained multiple tasks for each executive function: Animal stroop, local global, and Simon task for inhibition; Animal Shifting, Trail Making Test in Colours, and Sorting Task for shifting; and Digit Span Backwards, Odd One Out, and Keep Track for updating. The factor structure of executive functions was assessed and relations with mathematics were investigated using growth modelling.Results. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) showed that inhibition and shifting could not be distinguished from each other. Updating was a separate factor, and its development was strongly related to mathematical development while inhibition and shifting did not predict mathematics in the presence of the updating factor.Conclusions. The strong relationship between updating and mathematics suggest that updating skills play a key role in the maths learning process. This makes updating a promising target for future intervention studies.
Post-Christian, Post-Christendom, and Post-Modern Europe: Towards the Interaction of Missiology and the Social Sciences
Authors: Paas Stefan 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThree concepts are often used in missiological literature relating to the West. These are “post-Christian,” “post-Christendom,” and “post-modern.” Often, they have been used as if they are more or less synonyms without much precision or reflection. By relating them to different strands in social theory around “secularization,” this article suggests how these terms can be defined more precisely. In this way the author intends to stimulate the discussion between missiology and the social sciences within the context of Western Europe. On the basis of a more exact definition of these terms, areas for further research are indicated. As descriptive concepts these “post” labels invite us to explore their interdependence, mirroring the secularization debate within the sociology of religion. As heuristic concepts they raise questions about the social construction of secularized Europe within missiology. Finally, they may shed light on different social spaces for Christian mission in Europe.
Postmodern Epistemology and the Mission of the Church
Authors: Alfsvåg Knut 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA Christian missionary has traditionally been understood as one who stands for and represents truth. Is this a claim that can be defended within the context of postmodern epistemology? According to Derrida, there is an irreducible difference between sign and signified; all historical religions are therefore limited to the realm of the contingent and the deconstructible. Caputo develops this idea further in his understanding of the endlessly translatable trace of the event. One may argue, however, that this understanding of endless translatability reveals a dependence on a traditional concept of reason that ultimately replaces religious authority with the authority of the interpreter. Arguing that a phenomenology of givenness is the relevant strategy against this kind of idolatry, Marion maintains that one has to work from the possibility of revelation as always overflowing its conceptual representation. In a Christian context, this is done through the retelling of the biblical story, particularly as it is celebrated in the liturgy of the Eucharist. The criticism of the idea of a conceptual representation of truth therefore does not imply that truth is not manifest in the work and mission of the Christian church.
Reenvisioning Theological Education, Mission and the Local Church
Authors: Cronshaw Darren 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThere is a fresh wave of interest in local churches reshaping themselves around mission, but what does this mean for theological education? This article draws on the author’s experience as a student and teacher, and innovative approaches at Australian College of Ministries and Whitley College, two Australian theological colleges. It discusses six principles for reshaping theological education around mission and the local church. Theological courses and classes and informal processes for developing leaders will be at their best if they are communal in the classroom, assessment and shared mission; conversational between students and with other sources; contextual and engaged with contemporary needs in society; cross-cultural and engaged with global issues; character forming as part of the curriculum; contemplative both for prayer and space for reflection; and congregationally connected for faculty, students and their research.
The Interests of the Assyrian Empire in the West: Olive Oil Production as a Test-Case
Authors: Faust Avraham 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe 7th century BCE in Philistia and Judah is characterized by economic prosperity, which is usually regarded as resulting from the “Assyrian Peace”, and from a policy of the Assyrian empire that aimed at maximizing production. The large center for the production of olive oil that was unearthed at Ekron in southern Israel is regarded as the best example of this policy. The present paper questions this scholarly consensus regarding the role of Assyria in the economy of the southern Levant, through a closer look at the olive oil industry in the region.
Imagination as Self-knowledge: Kepler on Proclus' Commentary on the First Book of Euclid's Elements
Authors: Claessens Guy 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe Neoplatonist Proclus, in his commentary on Euclid's Elements, appears to have been the first to systematically cut imagination's exclusive ties with the sensible realm. According to Proclus, in geometry discursive thinking makes use of innate concepts that are projected on imagination as on a mirror. Despite the crucial role of Proclus' text in early modern epistemology, the concept of a productive imagination seems almost not have been received. It was generally either transplanted into an Aristotelian account of mathematics or simply ignored. In this respect, Johannes Kepler is a remarkable exception. By rejecting the traditional meta-mathematical framework, Kepler was the first to incorporate the productive side of imagination within an early modern philosophy of mathematics. Moreover, by securing imagination's sensory input, he transformed Proclean imagination into a tool for cosmic self-knowledge.
Assessing the African Union Concerns about Article 16 of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court
Authors: Jalloh Charles C. , Akande Dapo , du Plessis Max 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
This article assesses the African Union’s (AU) concerns about Article 16 of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC). It seeks to articulate a clearer picture of the law and politics of deferrals within the context of the AU’s repeated calls to the United Nations Security Council (UNSC, or the Council) to invoke Article 16 to suspend the processes initiated by the ICC against President Omar Al Bashir of Sudan. The Council’s failure to accede to the AU request led African States to formally withhold cooperation from the ICC in respect to the arrest and surrender of the Sudanese leader. Given the AU’s continued concerns, and the current impasse, fundamental questions have arisen about the Council’s authority to exercise, or not exercise, its deferral power. This culminated into a November 2009 African proposal for an amendment to the Rome Statute to empower the UN General Assembly to act should the UNSC fail to act on a deferral request after six months. Although ICC States Parties have so far shown limited public support for the AU’s proposed amendment to the deferral provision, this article examines its merits because a failure to engage the “Article 16 problem” could impact international accountability efforts in the Sudan, and further damage the ICC’s credibility in Africa. This unresolved issue also has wider significance given that the matters underlying the tension ‐ how ICC prosecutions may be reconciled with peacemaking initiatives and the role and power of the Council in ICC business ‐ will likely arise in future situations from around the world.
Relaxation of Photoexcited Tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium Complex ([Ru(bpy)3]2+) in Mesopores
Authors: Sohmiya Minoru , Ogawa Makoto 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
The excited state relaxation of tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) ([Ru(bpy)3]2+) in aluminum containing mesoporous silica was investigated as a function of loading amount and temperature. The concentration dependence of [Ru(bpy)3]2+ on the luminescence intensity suggests that the self-quenching of [Ru(bpy)3]2+ is a dynamic process in the temperature range of 20 to 120 °C.
Photochromism of 1,2-Bis(5-n-alkyl-2-phenyloxazol-4-yl)perfluorocyclopentene Derivatives in Single-crystalline Phase
Authors: Yamaguchi Tadatsugu , Taniguchi Wataru , Kagawa Tomonori , Kamihashi Yusuke , Ozeki Toru , Morimoto Masakazu , Irie Masahiro 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
1,2-Bis(5-n-alkyl-2-phenyloxazol-4-yl)perfluorocyclopentenes were synthesized and their photochromic performance was examined in hexane solution as well as in single-crystalline phase.
One-step Synthesis of Hierarchically Porous Silicas with Multilamellar Vesicular Core and Ordered Mesostructured Shell
Authors: Yuan Pei , Yu Chengzhong 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Hierarchically porous silicas with multilamellar vesicular core and ordered mesostructured shell have been successfully synthesized using a simple one-step method through a soft dual-templating approach. The vesicular core has irregular cavity size generally larger than 100 nm, while the pore size of the shell is 9.8 nm, which may have potential applications in loading and controlled release of large molecules.
Instrumented Model Rock Blasting
Authors: Hafsaoui Abdellah , Talhi Korichi 
Published: May 2011

AbstractLiterature review information and model scale rock blasting tests have been utilized to study the effects of some blast and fragmentation parameters on peak p-wave stress. A method for modeling scale blasting in sandstone blocks with dimensions of 515×335×215 mm3 has been studied and the results from a blast experiment instrumented with a pressure gauge are given. The dynamic and static properties of the sandstone are also given. The instrumented tests in such blocks using pressure gauges and the effects of blast and fragmentation parameters on peak p-wave stress are studied.
Evaluating the Compaction Quality of Backfills by Stress Wave Velocities
Authors: Lai Jiunnren , Wu Shengmin , Chiang Chih-Hung 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
In engineering practices, sand-cone tests are usually performed to assess the compaction quality of backfilled materials of highway embankments or earth dams. However, performing the sand-cone test is time consuming and can only obtain the physical but not the engineering properties of backfills. The objective of this paper is to investigate the feasibility of evaluating the compaction quality of backfills using stress wave propagation velocities. To achieve this goal, a backfill material with low plasticity used in the earth dam of the Hushan Reservoir in Taiwan was collected and tested. The calibration curves for the relationship among moisture content, dry density, and stress wave velocities were obtained. In order to verify the validity of the laboratory calibration curves, field tests were also performed on a trial embankment at the site of the reservoir. Comparing with values measured in the field using the traditional sand-cone test, the proposed method underestimates the water content and overestimates the dry density of the compacted backfills. The resulting error is less than 10 %. It is thus concluded that the proposed method is a promising tool for the evaluation of the compaction quality of backfills.
Vaccinations in Older Adults: Focus on Pneumococcal, Influenza and Herpes zoster infections
Authors: Kau Lang , Sadowski Cheryl A. , Hughes Christine 
Published: May 2011

Pneumococcal, influenza and herpes zoster infections cause significant morbidity and mortality in the aging population. Effective vaccines are available in Canada to prevent and minimize illnesses caused by these infections. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the epidemiology of pneumococcal, influenza and herpes zoster infections in older adults, as well as available vaccines and recommended immunization schedules. In addition, the benefits of these vaccines on patient outcomes and the role of pharmacists in improving immunization rates are highlighted. A literature review was conducted to examine the clinical outcomes related to the use of pneumococcal, influenza and herpes zoster vaccines in adults 65 years and older. All 3 vaccines are beneficial in reducing complications of these infections and are well tolerated in older adults. Studies have shown that the uptake of these vaccines remains suboptimal and the burden of illness caused by these infections continues to affect the quality of life of older adults. Pharmacists are well positioned to screen seniors for vaccine indications during routine assessments, as well as provide education to improve patient awareness, vaccine uptake and health outcomes in older adults.
Reading Grade Level of Plan B Instructions and Patient Information Materials on Emergency Contraception
Authors: Hocevar Sarah , Yuksel Nesé 
Published: May 2011

Background: Plan B recently became a schedule III product in Canada. Patients can now access Plan B without a pharmacist consult and may rely only on the packaging information provided to learn about the medication. It is recommended that health information materials directed at patients be written at or below a grade 8 level. We assessed the reading grade level of the Plan B packaging information and of patient information materials on Plan B and emergency contraception. Methods: Plan B packaging information was obtained from the manufacturer, and a convenience sample of 10 patient information materials on Plan B and emergency contraception were collected from pharmacies and clinics in Edmonton, Alberta, and from Canadian websites. The Fry graph and SMOG formula were used to measure readability of the materials. Results: The Plan B packaging information had a mean reading grade level of 12.8. The mean reading grade level of patient information materials was 12.9 for print materials and 13.4 for online materials. Conclusions: Plan B packaging information and patient information materials relating to Plan B and emergency contraception are written at reading grade levels beyond the recommendations for patient health literature.
Government Direct-to-Consumer Education to Reduce Prescription Opioid Use
Authors: Turner Justin P. , Halme Alex S. , Caetano Patricia , Langford Aili , Tannenbaum Cara 
Published: May 2024

ImportanceDirect-to-consumer education reduces chronic sedative use. The effectiveness of this approach for prescription opioids among patients with chronic noncancer pain remains untested.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness of a government-led educational information brochure mailed to community-dwelling, long-term opioid consumers to reduce prescription opioid use compared with usual care.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cluster randomized clinical trial was conducted from July 2018 to January 2019 in Manitoba, Canada. All adults with long-term opioid prescriptions were enrolled (n = 4225). Participants were identified via the Manitoba Drug Program Information Network. Individuals receiving palliative care or with a diagnosis of cancer or dementia were excluded. Data were analyzed from July 2019 to March 2020.InterventionParticipants were clustered according to their primary care clinic and randomized to the intervention (a codesigned direct-to-consumer educational brochure sent by mail) or usual care (comparator group).Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcome was discontinuation of opioid prescriptions at the participant level after 6 months, ascertained by pharmacy drug claims. Secondary outcomes included dose reduction (in morphine milligram equivalents [MME]) and/or therapeutic switch. Reduction in opioid use was assessed using generalized estimating equations to account for clustering, with prespecified subgroup analyses by age and sex. Analysis was intention to treat.ResultsOf 4206 participants, 2409 (57.3%) were male; mean (SD) age was 60.0 (14.4) years. Mean (SD) baseline opioid use was comparable between groups (intervention, 157.7 [179.7] MME/d; control, 153.4 [181.8] MME/d). After 6 months, 235 of 2136 participants (11.0%) in 127 clusters in the intervention group no longer filled opioid prescriptions compared with 228 of 2070 (11.0%) in 124 clusters in the comparator group (difference, 0.0%; 95% CI, −1.9% to 1.9%). More participants in the intervention group than in the control group reduced their dose (1410 [66.0%] vs 1307 [63.1%]; difference, 2.8% [95% CI, 0.0%-5.7%]). Receipt of the brochure led to greater dose reductions for participants who were male (difference, 3.9%; 95% CI, 0.1%-7.7%), aged 18 to 64 years (difference, 3.7%; 95% CI, 0.2%-7.2%), or living in urban areas (difference, 5.9%; 95% CI, 1.9%-9.9%) compared with usual care.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cluster randomized clinical trial, no significant difference in the prevalence of opioid cessation was observed after 6 months between the intervention and usual care groups; however, the intervention resulted in more adults reducing their opioid dose compared with usual care.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03400384