bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“On‐The‐Spot” Modeling And Analysis: The Facilitated Modeling Approach
Authors: Franco Luis A. , Montibeller Gilberto 
Published: January 2011

AbstractSince the 1980s, an alternative to the traditional “expert” mode of model‐based consultancy has been suggested, where the management scientist acts both as an analyst and as a facilitator throughout the intervention. This alternative approach usesfacilitated modelingas the main intervention tool, which requires the management scientist to carry out the whole intervention jointly with a team drawn from the client organization: from helping to structure and define the nature of the problem situation of interest, to supporting the evaluation of priorities and development of plans for subsequent implementation. This mode of engagement is particularly suitable for supporting the development of strategy, the analysis of policy issues, or the evaluation of high‐stake decisions. This article discusses the facilitative modeling paradigm in management science. Drawing on research scattered across a range of publications and domains, we provide a formal definition of facilitated modeling, examine its general characteristics, and briefly review a family of well‐established facilitated modeling approaches. We then discuss key issues to consider when designing facilitated modeling interventions, and identify some directions for future research.
Improving Packaging Operations in the Plastics Industry
Authors: Tyagi Rajesh , Bollapragada Srinivas 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
A large plastics company commissioned the development and use of an improved packaging system based on a simulation study to increase the capacity of its packaging operations at one of its divisions. The four bag‐ and box‐packaging stations that pack the material produced by 13 extrusion lines were causing a major bottleneck that was impacting the throughput of the plant and was resulting in significant costs due to increased outsourcing of packaging operations. A team that included the authors simulated the plant operations to show that the packaging capacity could be significantly increased through better scheduling and that there was no need to invest in additional equipment and manpower. The team then developed and implemented a packaging system with a novel scheduling system that has increased throughput capacity by 20%. In addition, the system has yielded significant cost savings because of productivity gains and reduced outsourcing of packaging operations.
Game‐Theoretic Methods in CounterTerrorism and Security
Authors: Bier Vicki M. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Protecting against intentional attacks on homeland security is fundamentally different from protecting against accidents or acts of nature. In particular, an intelligent and adaptable adversary may adopt a different offensive strategy in response to our protective security measures, in order to circumvent or disable them. Game theory provides a way of taking this into account analytically. Thus, security can benefit from game‐theoretic methods. This article discusses approaches for applying game theory to the problem of defending systems against attack. The results yield insights into the nature of optimal defensive investments.
A translocation between Xq21.33 and 22q13.33 causes an intragenic SHANK3 deletion in a woman with Phelan–McDermid syndrome and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism
Authors: Misceo D. , Rødningen O.K. , Barøy T. , Sorte H. , Mellembakken J.R. , Strømme P. , Fannemel M. , Frengen E. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractChromosome 22q13 monosomy has been described as a contiguous gene syndrome. Localized in the critical region, SHANK3 is likely to play a key role in the expression of the clinical phenotype. SHANK3 mutations have also been reported in autistic patients without a syndromic phenotype. We report on a 20‐year‐old woman with mental retardation carrying a de novo translocation between chromosome Xq21.33 and 22q13.33, associated with a duplication on Xq21.33 and deletion on 22q13.33. As a child her development was characterized by disturbed social interaction, stereotypic hand movements and ritualistic behavior and she was considered at one time to have autistic features. All these traits match the 22q13 deletion syndrome (Phelan–McDermid syndrome, OMIM 606232), likely due to the deletion overlapping the last two exons of the SHANK3 gene. Our patient harbors the smallest and most distal SHANK3 deletion described to date, yet resulting in the full spectrum of the Phelan–McDermid syndrome. In addition, she has hypergonadotropic hypogonadism with low estrogen level, high FSH level, and irregular menstruation. Intriguingly, chromosome translocations affecting the chromosome band Xq21 can result in premature ovarian failure. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rediscovery of the largest population of the freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera) in the Leningrad oblast (north‐west Russia)
Authors: Ostrovsky A. N. , Popov I. Yu. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAn internationally important population of the freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera) was rediscovered in a small river in north‐west Russia.A survey of visible mussels in 2008/2009 indicated an estimated population of 40 000 individuals. This is the largest population currently known in the Leningrad oblast and is comparable with the entire pearl mussel population of some western European countries.The average density of visible mussels was 29.6 individuals m−2in the middle part of the river. In the four largest mussel beds maximum densities of 1000+ individuals m−2were recorded. Such densities are exceptional and have not been reported elsewhere in Europe during the last 100 years.Live juvenile mussels were recorded, indicating that that this population is viable, although further investigation is required to establish its status.Analysis of the population age structure, based on the measurement of empty shells, showed an age class distribution similar to those reported for other healthyMargaritiferapopulations.Only two live juveniles were found. However, this is likely to be due to the survey being restricted to counts of visible mussels only, and the age structure being based on the analysis of dead shells.The population's current status and possible reasons for its survival in this river are discussed. Conservation measures should include the construction of a fish ladder to make fish migration through the culvert possible, removal of a metal screen preventing fish migration from the upper reaches of the river to the lake, reduction of recreation activities, and providing the local children's camp with water treatment facilities. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of multistate models in hospital epidemiology: Advances and challenges
Authors: Beyersmann Jan , Wolkewitz Martin , Allignol Arthur , Grambauer Nadine , Schumacher Martin 
Published: January 2011

AbstractSurvival analysis has established itself as a major statistical technique in medical research. Applications in hospital epidemiology, however, are only beginning to emerge. One reason for this delay is that usually complete follow‐up of patients in hospital is feasible. This overview discusses where survival techniques provide additional insight into hospital epidemiology, and where they are, in fact, needed even in the absence of right‐censoring.
NMR Studies of DOXP Reductoisomerase and its Inhibitor Complex
Authors: Englert Nadine E. , Richter Christian , Wiesner Jochen , Hintz Martin , Jomaa Hassan , Schwalbe Harald 
Published: January 2011

Abstract1‐Deoxy‐D‐xylulose 5‐phosphate (DOXP) reductoisomerase (EC1.1.1.267) catalyses the second step of the 2‐C‐methyl‐D‐erythritol 4‐phosphate (MEP) pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis. The enzyme is used by most bacteria, apicomplexan parasites and the plastids of plants, but not by humans, and therefore represents an attractive target for antibacterial, antiparasitic and herbicidal compounds. Fosmidomycin, an inhibitor of DXR, has been found to be active against bacterial infections and malaria in early clinical studies. Here, we report sample optimisation, partial backbone assignment and secondary‐structure prediction of E. coli DXR by heteronuclear NMR analysis for further NMR‐aided drug discovery. Perdeuterated 15N,13C‐labelled samples were prepared under oxygen exclusion in the presence of Mg2+, NADPH and the inhibitor FR‐900098, a close derivative of fosmidomycin. 1H and 15N backbone assignment was achieved for 44 % of the primary structure, and 13C backbone assignment was achieved for 50 % of the primary structure. Comparison with previously solved crystal structures revealed that the assigned fragments were located mainly in helical regions on the solvent‐exposed surface of the enzyme. Torsion angle likelihood obtained from shift and sequence similarity (TALOS) was used for secondary structure prediction, resulting in agreement with eight available crystal structures; deviations could be observed for the catalytic loop region.
Discharge Characteristics of Pressure Swirl Atomizers
Authors: Musemic Emir , Walzel Peter 
Published: January 2011

AbstractMit Hilfe theoretischer Überlegungen und experimenteller Daten bzw. Herstellerangaben wurde eine halbempirische Berechnungsvorschrift für den Ausflusskoeffizienten von Hohlkegeldüsen vorgeschlagen und mit bekannten Beziehungen aus der Literatur verglichen. Die vorgeschlagene Berechnungsvorschrift berücksichtigt die Viskosität der Flüssigkeit und ist auch für geometrisch verschiedenartige Düsenbauformen geeignet.
Discovery of Isoerianin Analogues as Promising Anticancer Agents
Authors: Messaoudi Samir , Hamze Abdallah , Provot Olivier , Tréguier Bret , Rodrigo De Losada Jordi , Bignon Jérôme , Liu Jian‐Miao , Wdzieczak‐Bakala Joanna , Thoret Sylviane , Dubois Joëlle , Brion Jean‐Daniel , Alami Mouad 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe cytotoxic activity of a series of 23 new isoerianin derivatives with modifications on both the A and B rings was studied. Several compounds exhibited excellent antiproliferative activity at nanomolar concentrations against a panel of human cancer cell lines. The most cytotoxic compound, isoerianin (3), strongly inhibits tubulin polymerization in the micromolar range. Moreover, isoerianin leads to G2/M phase cell‐cycle arrest in H1299 and K562 cancer cells, and strongly induces apoptosis. Isoerianin also disrupts the vessel‐like structures formed by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro, suggesting that this compound may act as a vascular disrupting agent. It clearly appears that in this compound series, the 1,1‐ethane bridge encountered in isoerianin derivatives can replace the 1,2‐ethane bridge of natural erianin with no loss of activity. This reinforces the bioisosteric replacement approach in the combretastatin series previously reported by our research group.
Fast in‐place, comparison‐based sorting with CUDA: a study with bitonic sort
Authors: Peters Hagen , Schulz‐Hildebrandt Ole , Luttenberger Norbert 
Published: January 2011

AbstractState‐of‐the‐art graphics processors provide high processing power and furthermore, the high programmability of GPUs offered by frameworks like CUDA (Compute Unified Device Architecture) increases their usability as high‐performance co‐processors for general‐purpose computing. Sorting is well investigated in Computer Science in general, but (because of this new field of application for GPUs) there is a demand for high‐performance parallel sorting algorithms that fit with the characteristics of the modern GPU‐architecture. We present a high‐performance in‐place implementation of Batcher's bitonic sorting networks for CUDA‐enabled GPUs. Therefore, we assigned compare/exchange operations to threads in a way that decreases low‐performance global‐memory access and makes efficient use of high‐performance shared memory. This greatly increases the performance of this in‐place, comparison‐based sorting algorithm. Our implementation outperforms all other algorithms in our tests when sorting 64‐bit keys. It is the fastest comparison‐based GPU sorting algorithm for 32‐bit keys, being only outperformed by (non‐comparison‐based) radix sort when sorting sequences larger than 223. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genomics and Proteomics of Pulmonary Vascular Disease
Authors: Geraci Mark , Meyrick Barbara 
Published: January 2011

Abstract

Study of RNA and proteins in cells of both normal and diseased tissues is providing researchers with new knowledge of disease pathologies. While still in its early stages, high‐throughput expression analysis is improving our understanding of the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). While many studies have used microarray and proteomic analyses as “hypothesis‐generating” tools, the technologies also have potential to identify and quantify biomarkers of disease. To date, many of the published studies have examined gene expression profiles of tissue biopsies, others have utilized cells from peripheral blood. Microarray technology has been employed successfully in the investigation of a diverse array of human diseases. The potential of high‐throughput expression analysis to improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of PAH is highlighted in this review. Proteomic studies of PAH and pulmonary vascular diseases in general have been little utilized thus far. To date, such studies are few and no consistent biomarker has emerged from studies of either plasma or blood cells from idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) patients. The studies of both lung tissue and lymphocytes are perhaps more revealing and suggest that changes in the cytoskeletal machinery may play a role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. The oncology literature has demonstrated the utility of gene microarray analysis to predict important outcomes such as response to therapy and survival. It is likely that in the near future, gene microarrays and proteomic analyses will also be employed in a pharmacogenomics approach in PAH, helping to identify the most appropriate therapies for individual patients. © 2011 American Physiological Society.
Compr Physiol
1:467‐483, 2011.
Three novel improved CMOS C‐multipliers
Authors: Aguado‐Ruiz Jesus , Lopez‐Martin Antonio J. , Ramirez‐Angulo Jaime 
Published: January 2011

SUMMARYThree novel improved CMOS capacitance scaling schemes are presented and compared with some conventional schemes. The novel topologies that use a modified second‐generation current conveyor, an improved cascode current mirror and an OTA with two outputs connected in current steering configuration provide higher values ofQand better frequency responses than conventional structures using basic current mirror schemes, as the simple current mirror or cascode current mirrors. Simulation results and some measurements of a chip prototype are presented. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Copper(II) and Zinc(II) Complexes with a Photoactive Bridging Ligand Based on Carbazole: Synthesis, Structures, Electronic and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Spielberg Eike T. , Plass Winfried 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe synthesis of the new Schiff base ligand N‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐3,4‐bis(salicylidenimino)carbazole (H2SalCarbOMe) is described. It readily reacts with copper(II) andzinc(II) ions to form metallacycles of the general formula [M2(SalCarbOMe)2] (M = Cu, Zn). Their structures are determined by X‐ray crystallography and show significant differences for the coordination at the metal ion with a nearly tetrahedral arrangement for ZnII, but a considerable distortion towards square‐planar geometry for CuII. This in turn leads to substantial differences for the dihedral angles observed between the salicylidene and carbazole moieties. As a consequence different arrangements in the unit cell are observed, which becomes particularly obvious when the additional solvent molecules of crystallization are considered. For the ZnII compound this leads to the incorporation of a chloroform and a methanol molecule in fixed positions, whereas in the structure of the CuII compound a higher number of solvent molecules (chloroform, methanol, and water) in highly disordered crystallographic positions is observed. The optical and magnetic properties have been characterized for both complexes. They both show two band fluorescence in the visible region with emission maxima at 531 and 586 nm for the ZnII compound and 488 and 580 nm in the CuII complex. The electronic properties have been further elucidated by quantum chemical calculations. For the two copper(II) ions an antiferromagnetic interaction through the carbazole bridging ligand with an exchange coupling constant of J = –3.1 cm–1 is observed. ESR spectroscopy reveals a rhombic signal with g values [gx, gy, gz] = [2.057, 2.125, 2.200] consistent with the distorted coordination geometry around the copper(II) ions.
Synthesis and NMR Binding Studies towards Rational Design of a Series of Electron‐Withdrawing Diamide Receptors/Organocatalysts
Authors: Kinsella Michael , Duggan Patrick G. , Muldoon Jimmy , Eccles Kevin S. , Lawrence Simon E. , Lennon Claire M. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA related series of bisamides have been evaluated for rational correlation between anion complexation and organocatalysis: remarkable enhancement of hydrogen bonding to anions was observed along with significant increases in catalytic activity in the Baylis–Hillman reaction. In addition, X‐ray crystallography showed a large degree of pre‐organisation was observed in one receptor by incorporation of bis(trifluoromethyl)aniline groups along with a thioamide functionality. A novel bifunctional amide/N‐acylsulfonamide within the series gave the best catalytic profile.
Preoperative ultrasonographic tumor characteristics as a predictive factor of tumor stage in papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Kim Sang Soo , Lee Byung‐Joo , Lee Jin‐Choon , Kim Seong‐Jang , Lee Soo Hyung , Jeon Yun Kyung , Kim Bo Hyun , Kim Yong‐Ki , Kim In‐Joo 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of tumor characteristics on ultrasonography for predicting the pathologic stage of papillary thyroid carcinoma.MethodsWe evaluated 354 patients who underwent surgery for papillary thyroid carcinoma (≤2 cm). We analyzed the preoperative ultrasonography findings such as tumor size, shape, margin, echogenicity, calcification, vascularity, and contact with the capsule.ResultsTumor size, echogenicity, and contact with the capsule were predictive for the presence of extrathyroid extension. Size and echogenicity were significantly associated with central lymph node metastasis in the multivariate analysis. Some ultrasonography characteristics such as round shape, well‐defined margin, and isoechoic echogenicity were negative predictive factors for extrathyroid extension and central lymph node metastasis.ConclusionPreoperative tumor characteristics on ultrasonography correlated with several prognostic factors for papillary thyroid carcinoma and may serve as preoperative supplementary markers for determining the optimal extent of surgery. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Adult hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor expression and dentate synaptic plasticity correlate with maternal care received by individuals early in life
Authors: van Hasselt Felisa N. , Cornelisse Sandra , Yuan Zhang Tie , Meaney Michael J. , Velzing Els H. , Krugers Harm J. , Joëls Marian 
Published: January 2011

AbstractMaternal care in mammals is the prevailing environmental influence during perinatal development. The adult rat offspring of mothers exhibiting increased levels of pup licking/grooming (LG; High LG mothers), compared to those reared by Low LG dams, show increased hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor expression, complex dendritic tree structure, and an enhanced capacity for synaptic potentiation. However, these data were derived from studies using the total amount of maternal care directed toward the entire litter, thus ignoring possible within‐litter variation. We show that the amount of LG received by individual pups within a litter varies considerably. Therefore, we questioned if the amount of LG received by individual pups correlates with and thus putatively predicts later hippocampal structure and function. To this end, LG‐scores were determined during the first postnatal week for all pups in 32 litters and correlated with neuroendocrine and hippocampal parameters in young‐adulthood. Pup LG‐score positively correlated with the glucocorticoid receptor mRNA expression in the adult hippocampus. Moreover, the ability to induce synaptic potentiation in the dentate gyrus in vitro was enhanced in animals with high LG‐scores. Structural plasticity correlated less reliably with LG‐scores early in life and differed between sexes. Male offspring with high LG‐scores displayed fewer newborn neurons, higher brain derived neurotrophic factor expression and tended to have more complex granule cell dendritic trees. We conclude that even moderate variations in early life environment have a major impact on adult hippocampal function. This principle could provide a mechanistic basis for individual differences in susceptibility to psychopathology. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sprouty2 and ‐4 regulate axon outgrowth by hippocampal neurons
Authors: Hausott Barbara , Vallant Natalie , Schlick Bettina , Auer Maria , Nimmervoll Benedikt , Obermair Gerald J. , Schwarzer Christoph , Dai Fangping , Brand‐Saberi Beate , Klimaschewski Lars 
Published: January 2011

AbstractSprouty proteins act as negative feedback inhibitors of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling. FGFs belong to the neurotrophic factors and are involved in axonal growth during development and repair. We investigated the expression of Sprouty isoforms in hippocampal neurons as well as the regulation of Sprouty2 and ‐4 during development and their role in axon growth. Sprouty2 and ‐4 were located in the nucleus, the cytoplasm, in dendrites, and axons of hippocampal neurons concentrated in growth cones. During development in vivo and differentiation in vitro, expression of Sprouty2 and ‐4 was gradually downregulated in hippocampal neurons. Between 5 and 24 days in culture expression of both Sprouty isoforms was reduced by 70%. In vivo expression of Sprouty2 was reduced by 79% and of Sprouty4 by 93% on postnatal day 14 compared to embryonic day 16.5. Downregulation of Sprouty2 and ‐4 by shRNAs strongly promoted elongative axon growth by cultured hippocampal neurons, which was further increased by FGF‐2 treatment. In addition, FGF‐2 reduced expression of Sprouty2 by 33% and of Sprouty4 by 44%. Together, our results imply that Sprouty2 and ‐4 are downregulated in the hippocampus during postnatal brain development and that they can act as regulators of developmental axon growth. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.