bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A resilience perspective on biofuel production
Authors: Mu Dongyan , Seager Thomas P , Rao P Suresh C , Park Jeryang , Zhao Fu 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The recent investment boom and collapse of the corn ethanol industry calls into question the long-term sustainability of traditional approaches to biofuel technologies. Compared with petroleum-based transportation fuels, biofuel production systems are more closely connected to complex and variable natural systems. Especially as biofeedstock production itself becomes more independent of fossil fuel–based supports, stochasticity will become an increasingly important, inherent feature of biofuel feedstock production systems. Accordingly, a fundamental change in design philosophy is necessary to ensure the long-term viability of the biofuels industry. To respond effectively to unexpected disruptions, the new approach will require systems to be designed for resilience (indicated by diversity, efficiency, cohesion, and adaptability) rather than more narrowly defined measures of efficiency. This paper addresses important concepts in the design of coupled engineering-ecological systems (resistance, resilience, adaptability, and transformability) and examines biofuel conversion technologies from a resilience perspective. Conversion technologies that can accommodate multiple feedstocks and final products are suggested to enhance the diversity and flexibility of the entire industry. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2011;7:348–359. © 2011 SETAC
Inhibition of thyroid‐restricted genes by follicular thyroglobulin involves iodinated degree
Authors: Huang Huibin , Shi Yaxiong , Lin Ling , Li Liangyi , Lin Xiahong , Li Xisheng , Xu Dongming 
Published: January 2011

AbstractFollicular thyroglobulin (TG) reflects the storage of both iodine and thyroid hormone. This is because it is a macromolecular precursor of thyroid hormone and organic iodinated compound in follicular lumen. Thus, it may have an important feedback role in thyroid function. In this study, monolayer cells were cultured and follicles were reconstituted with primary pig thyroid cells in vitro. Reconstituted follicles were treated with iodine and methimazole (MMI), a drug that blocks iodine organification and reduces the degree of TG iodination in follicular lumen. The high degree of iodinated TG in follicular lumen was observed to inhibit thyroid‐restricted gene expression. To confirm this finding, monolayer thyroid cells were treated with a different degree of TG iodination at the same concentration. These iodinated TG were extracted from reconstituted follicles of different groups. In this manner, this study provides firsthand evidence suggesting that follicular TG inhibits the expressions of thyroid‐restricted genes NIS, TPO, TG, and TSHr. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 971–977, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Euphorbia factor L1 reverses ABCB1‐mediated multidrug resistance involving interaction with ABCB1 independent of ABCB1 downregualtion
Authors: Zhang Jian‐ye , Mi Yan‐jun , Chen Shu‐peng , Wang Fang , Liang Yong‐ju , Zheng Li‐sheng , Shi Cheng‐jun , Tao Li‐yang , Chen Li‐ming , Chen Hu‐biao , Fu Li‐wu 
Published: January 2011

AbstractEuphorbia factor L1 (EFL1) belongs to diterpenoids of genus Euphorbia. In this article, its reversal activity against ABCB1‐mediated MDR in KBv200 and MCF‐7/adr cells was reported. However, EFL1 did not alter the sensitivity of KB and MCF‐7 cells to chemotherapeutic agents. Meanwhile, EFL1 significantly increased accumulation of doxorubicin and rhodamine 123 in KBv200 and MCF‐7/adr cells, showing no siginficant influence on that of KB and MCF‐7 cells. Furthermore, EFL1 could enhance the ATP hydrolysis activity of ABCB1 stimulated by verapamil. At the same time, EFL1 inhibited the efflux of ABCB1 in KBv200 and MCF‐7/adr cells. In addition, EFL1 did not downregulate expression of ABCB1 in KBv200 and MCF‐7/adr cells either in mRNA or protein level. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 1076–1083, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CAT‐1‐mediated arginine uptake and regulation of nitric oxide synthases for the survival of human breast cancer cell lines
Authors: Abdelmagid Salma A. , Rickard Jenaya A. , McDonald William J. , Thomas Lynn N. , Too Catherine K.L. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractGrowth of the human MCF‐7 breast cancer cell line is highly dependent on L‐arginine. We have reported that L‐arginine, released from extracellular substrates by prolactin (PRL)‐ and 17β‐estradiol (E2)‐induced carboxypeptidase‐D in the cell membrane, promotes nitric oxide (NO) production for MCF‐7 cell survival. Arginine uptake is mediated by members of the cationic amino acid transporter (CAT) family and may coincide with induction of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) for the production of NO. The present study investigated the CAT isoforms and PRL/E2 regulation of CAT and NOS in breast cancer cell lines. Using RT‐PCR analysis, CAT‐1, CAT‐2A, and CAT‐2B transcripts were detected in MCF‐7, T47D, and MDA‐MB‐231 cells. The CAT‐4 transcript was detected in MDA‐MB‐231 only. CAT‐3 was not detected in any of these cells. PRL and E2 did not significantly alter levels of CAT‐1 mRNA and protein, nor CAT‐2A and CAT‐2B mRNAs in MCF‐7 and T47D cells. PRL and E2 also had no effect on the overall uptake of L‐[2,3,4,5‐H3] arginine into these cells. However, confocal immunofluorescent microscopy showed that PRL and E2 upregulated eNOS and iNOS proteins, which distributed in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus of MCF‐7 cells. Knockdown of CAT‐1 gene expression using small interfering RNA significantly decreased L‐[2,3,4,5‐H3]‐arginine uptake, decreased viability and increased apoptosis of MCF‐7 and T47D cells. In summary, several CAT isoforms are expressed in breast cancer cells. The CAT‐1 isoform plays a role in arginine uptake and, together with PRL/E2‐induced NOS, contribute to NO production for the survival of MCF‐7 and T47D cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 1084–1092, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of CD34 in hematopoietic cancer cell lines reflects tightly regulated stem/progenitor‐like state
Authors: Kuranda Klaudia , Berthon Céline , Leprêtre Frédéric , Polakowska Renata , Jouy Nathalie , Quesnel Bruno 
Published: January 2011

AbstractHematopoietic cancer stem cells preserve cellular hierarchy in a manner similar to normal stem cells, yet the underlying regulatory mechanisms are poorly understood. It is known that both normal and malignant stem/progenitor cells express CD34. Here, we demonstrate that several cell lines (HL‐60, U266) derived from hematopoietic malignancies contain not only CD34− but also CD34+ subpopulations. The CD34+ cells displayed a stem/progenitor‐like phenotype since, in contrast to CD34− cells, they frequently underwent cellular division and rapidly formed colonies in methylcellulose‐based medium. Strikingly, a constant fraction of the CD34+ and CD34− cell subpopulations, when separated, rapidly switched their phenotype. Consequently, both separated fractions could generate tumors in immunocompromised NOD/LtSz‐scid/scid mice. Cultures in vitro showed that the proportion of CD34+ stem/progenitor‐like cells in the population was decreased by cell–cell contact and increased by soluble factors secreted by the cells. Using cytokine arrays, we identified some of these factors, notably thymopoietin that was able to increase the proportion of CD34+ cells and overall colony‐forming capacity in tested cell lines. This action of thymopoietin was conserved in mononuclear cells from bone marrow. Therefore, we propose that hematopoietic cancer cell lines containing subpopulations of CD34+ cells can provide an in vitro model for studies of cancer stem/progenitor cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 1277–1285, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ultrastructural analyses support different morphological lineages in the phylum placozoa Grell, 1971
Authors: Guidi Loretta , Eitel Michael , Cesarini Erica , Schierwater Bernd , Balsamo Maria 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe morphology and ultrastructure of 10 clonal placozoan lineages were studied. We scored several morphological characters at a cellular and intracellular level and identified a number of morphological differences among clones. Some differences appear clone specific and allow recognizing five distinct lineages based on morphological criteria only. These data will be crucial for a yet to be established placozoan systematics. Furthermore, we here describe three new diagnostic morphological characters for Placozoa: a new structure in the upper epithelium, called “concave disc,” two distinct subpopulations of fiber cells, and especially small cells in the body margin. Besides the fiber cells appear to be arranged in several layers forming a complex, three‐dimensional net not previously described. We also describe the marginal cells as the formerly suggested potential stem‐cell type. The basic morphology is revised. J. Morphol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sildenafil accelerates fracture healing in mice
Authors: Histing Tina , Marciniak Kerstin , Scheuer Claudia , Garcia Patric , Holstein Joerg H. , Klein Moritz , Matthys Romano , Pohlemann Tim , Menger Michael D. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractSildenafil, a cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)‐dependent phospodiesterase‐5 inhibitor, has been shown to be a potent stimulator of angiogenesis through upregulation of pro‐angiogenic factors and control of cGMP concentration. Herein, we determined whether sildenafil also influences angiogenic growth factor expression and bone formation during the process of fracture healing. Bone healing was studied in a murine closed femur fracture model using radiological, biomechanical, histomorphometric, and protein biochemical analysis at 2 and 5 weeks after fracture. Thirty mice received 5 mg/kg body weight sildenafil p.o. daily. Controls (n = 30) received equivalent amounts of vehicle. After 2 weeks of fracture healing sildenafil significantly increased osseous fracture bridging, as determined radiologically and histologically. This resulted in an increased biomechanical stiffness compared to controls. A smaller callus area with a slightly reduced amount of cartilaginous tissue indicated an accelerated healing process. After 5 weeks the differences were found blunted, demonstrating successful healing in both groups. Western blot analysis showed a significantly higher expression of the pro‐angiogenic and osteogenic cysteine‐rich protein (CYR) 61, confirming the increase of bone formation. We show for the first time that sildenafil treatment accelerates fracture healing by enhancing bone formation, most probably by a CYR61‐associated pathway. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:867–873
Biochemical identification and immunolocalizaton of aggrecan, ADAMTS5 and inter‐alpha‐trypsin–inhibitor in equine degenerative suspensory ligament desmitis
Authors: Plaas Anna , Sandy John D. , Liu Haowen , Diaz Michael A. , Schenkman Daniel , Magnus Robert P. , Bolam‐Bretl Courtney , Kopesky Paul W. , Wang Vincent M. , Galante Jorge O. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe describe analysis of suspensory ligaments from horses with advanced degenerative suspensory ligament desmitis (DSLD) to identify the major proteoglycans (PGs), ADAMTS‐aggrecanases and inter‐alpha‐trypsin inhibitor (IαI) components associated with ligament degeneration. Specific anatomical regions of suspensory ligaments from two normal horses and four diagnosed with DSLD were analyzed by Western blot and immunohistochemistry for the following: aggrecan, aggrecan fragments, decorin, ADAMTS4, ADAMTS5, and IαI components. When compared to normal, DSLD ligaments showed about a 15‐fold increase (P < 0.0014) in aggrecan levels and markedly enhanced staining with Safranin O. The aggrecan was composed of two distinct high molecular weight core protein species. The largest species was found only in DSLD samples and it co‐migrated with aggrecan synthesized by equine mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Many of the DSLD samples also contained abnormally high concentrations of ADAMTS4, ADAMTS5, and IαI. Notably, the ADAMTS5 in DSLD samples, but not normals, was present largely as a high molecular weight complex. We conclude that ligament degeneration in DSLD is associated with matrix changes characteristic of an inflammatory nonhealing wound, specifically containing chondrogenic progenitor cells. Since aggrecan accumulation is a major feature of incomplete healing in tendon and skin of the ADAMTS5 knockout mouse, we propose that ligament failure in DSLD results from a process involving tissue inflammation and the complexation of ADAMTS5. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:900–906
The use of non‐ablative fractional resurfacing in Asian acne scar patients
Authors: Chan Nicola P.Y. , Ho Stephanie G.Y. , Yeung Chi K. , Shek Samantha Y.N. , Chan Henry H. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesNon‐ablative fractional resurfacing (NA FR) has been shown to be effective for photorejuvenation and acne scarring. Previous studies indicated that density, more than pulse energy, was associated with post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) in Asians. The objective of this retrospective study was to assess the efficacy and complications of eight passes of NA FR (‘full‐NA FR’) with the 1,550 nm erbium‐doped fibre fractional laser (Fraxel SR laser system, Solta Medical, Hayward, CA) versus four passes (‘mini‐NA FR’) with comparable pulse energy and treatment level as ‘full‐NA FR’, but double the number of treatment sessions in Asian acne scar patients.Materials and MethodsForty‐seven Asian atrophic facial acne scar patients who received full‐face full‐NA FR or mini‐NA FR treatments between December 2005 and February 2009 were included. All photographic images captured with the Canfield Visia CR system at baseline and follow‐ups were assessed for clinical efficacy and complications by an independent, non‐treating and blinded physician.ResultsThe total treatment densities for full‐NA FR and mini‐NA FR were 442.5 and 210.5 MTZ/cm2, respectively. For full‐NA FR, the PIH risk was 18.2% with cross‐polarized images compared to 6.0% for mini‐NA FR. This difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Improvement in skin texture, acne scarring, enlarged pores and overall pigmentation irregularity all reached statistical significance at last follow‐up compared to baseline. There was no statistically significant difference in clinical efficacy between three full‐NA FR and six mini‐NA FR treatments.ConclusionsNA FR was effective and safe in Asians. By reducing the number of passes and the total treatment density, the risk of PIH could be reduced. Meanwhile, clinical efficacy could be maintained by increasing the total number of treatment sessions. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:870–875, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical assessment of early tooth demineralization using polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography
Authors: Louie Tiffany , Lee Chulsung , Hsu Dennis , Hirasuna Krista , Manesh Saman , Staninec Michal , Darling Cynthia L. , Fried Daniel 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIntroductionThe aims of this study were to test the hypothesis that polarization sensitive‐optical coherence tomography (PS‐OCT) can be used to non‐destructively measure and quantify the severity of the early demineralization of enamel on buccal and occlusal surfaces and assess the inhibitory effect of fluoride varnish in vivo.MethodsA split mouth design was used to assess the effects of fluoride varnish on inhibiting dissolution on 20 test subjects. Orthodontic bands with a buccal window were cemented on the premolars and small incisions were produced on occlusal surfaces to serve as sites for plaque retention for enhanced demineralization. Bands were removed after 30 days and PS‐OCT scans were acquired in vivo of occlusal and buccal areas. Teeth were extracted, sectioned, and analyzed using polarized light microscopy (PLM) and transverse microradiography (TMR) for comparison with the PS‐OCT images.ResultsHigh contrast PS‐OCT images were acquired of both occlusal and buccal surfaces in vivo. Both occlusal and buccal surfaces, showed a significant difference (P < 0.05) in the integrated reflectivity (ΔR) between the “sound” and “carious” enamel groups. Although the mineral loss (ΔZ) and ΔR measured using TMR and PS‐OCT were less for the fluoride varnish‐treated buccal surfaces the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05).ConclusionsOur results indicate that PS‐OCT can non‐destructively measure early enamel demineralization on the buccal and occulsal surfaces in vivo. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:898–905, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
19F chemical shifts, coupling constants and conformational preferences in monosubstituted perfluoroparacyclophanes
Authors: Ghiviriga Ion , Zhang Lianhao , Martinez Henry , Contreras Rubén H. , Tormena Cláudio F. , Nodin Laura , Dolbier William R. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn the process of studying the chemistry of perfluoro[2.2]paracyclophanes (PFPCs), a novel class of compounds, it became necessary to identify some disubstituted products. To achieve this goal, we characterize in this work some monosubstituted PFPCs, identifying their 19F19F coupling patterns, and establishing a methodology for the assignment of their 19F chemical shifts. The pattern of coupling constants indicates a skewed geometry in which the upper deck moves towards or away from the substituent, depending on the substituent electron‐donor character and size. Quantum chemical calculations, performed at the HF/6‐311 + G(d,p)//B3LYP/EPR‐III level of theory, confirmed the conformations inferred from coupling constants and reproduced well the values of the couplings. Transmission mechanisms for the FC term of four‐ and five‐bond 19F19F couplings are discussed in detail. Understanding the conformational preferences of PFPCs and how they are reflected by the coupling constants facilitates the assignment of 19F chemical shifts in monosubstituted PFPCs and the identification of the disubstituted products. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Early avian follicular development is characterized by changes in transcripts involved in steroidogenesis, paracrine signaling and transcription
Authors: Diaz Francisco J. , Anthony Kate , Halfhill Ashley N. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe mechanisms associated with follicular activation and early growth are not well understood in avian species. Level of mRNA transcripts involved in steroidogenesis (STAR, HSD3B, CYP11A1, CYP19), paracrine signaling (AMH, BMP2, BMP4, BMP6, KITL, WNT4, and PCSK6) and transcription (SMAD1, SMAD2, SMAD3, SMAD5, SMAD9, FOXL3, FOXL2, NR5A1 (SF1), and WT1) were determined in small avian follicles 0.5, 1, and 2 mm in diameter after oocyte removal. STAR, HSD3B, CYP11A1, CYP19, PCSK6, FOXO3, and KITL mRNA increased 2‐ to 45‐fold, while FOXL2, WT1, and WNT4 decreased 30–90% and NR5A1 did not change as follicles developed from 0.5 to 2 mm. Phosphorylated SMAD2, SMAD3, SMAD1/5/9 and FOXO3 proteins were found in both granulosa cells and oocytes of small (<0.5 mm) and larger (>1 mm) follicles. In contrast, non‐phosphorylated FOXO3 protein was found in oocyte and granulosa cells of small follicles, but only in the oocyte of larger follicles. Culture of small avian follicles on the chorioallantoic membrane of chick embryos (in ovo) for 7 days caused changes in transcript levels that were similar to changes observed in vivo. The collective findings suggest that the growth of avian follicles from 0.5 to 2 mm is marked by an increase in steroidogenic capacity, and changes in paracrine signaling that may be important during early avian follicular development. Thus, a number of candidate marker genes were identified, and a method of follicle culture was developed to study early follicular development in a model avian species. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 78:212–223, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Establishment of goat embryonic stem cells from in vivo produced blastocyst‐stage embryos
Authors: Behboodi E. , Bondareva A. , Begin I. , Rao K. , Neveu N. , Pierson J.T. , Wylie C. , Piero F.D. , Huang Y.J. , Zeng W. , Tanco V. , Baldassarre H. , Karatzas C.N. , Dobrinski I. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractEmbryonic stem (ES) cells with the capacity for germ line transmission have only been verified in mouse and rat. Methods for derivation, propagation, and differentiation of ES cells from domestic animals have not been fully established. Here, we describe derivation of ES cells from goat embryos. In vivo‐derived embryos were cultured on goat fetal fibroblast feeders. Embryos either attached to the feeder layer or remained floating and expanded in culture. Embryos that attached showed a prominent inner cell mass (ICM) and those that remained floating formed structures resembling ICM disks surrounded by trophectodermal cells. ICM cells and embryonic disks were isolated mechanically, cultured on feeder cells in the presence of hLIF, and outgrown into ES‐like colonies. Two cell lines were cultured for 25 passages and stained positive for alkaline phosphatase, POU5F1, NANOG, SOX2, SSEA‐1, and SSEA‐4. Embryoid bodies formed in suspension culture without hLIF. One cell line was cultured for 2 years (over 120 passages). This cell line differentiated in vitro into epithelia and neuronal cells, and could be stably transfected and selected for expression of a fluorescent marker. When cells were injected into SCID mice, teratomas were identified 5–6 weeks after transplantation. Expression of known ES cell markers, maintenance in vitro for 2 years in an undifferentiated state, differentiation in vitro, and formation of teratomas in immunodeficient mice provide evidence that the established cell line represents goat ES cells. This also is the first report of teratoma formation from large animal ES cells. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 78:202–211, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Veno‐occlusive disease in pediatric patients affected by Wilms tumor
Authors: Cesaro Simone , Spiller Monica , Sartori Maria Teresa , Alaggio Rita , Peruzzo Mattia , Saggiorato Graziella , Bisogno Gianni 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackgroundHepatic veno‐occlusive disease (VOD) is a rare and potentially severe complication of chemotherapy. We describe five patients who developed VOD after chemotherapy for Wilms tumor (WT) and evaluate the role of plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1) and defibrotide for diagnosis and therapy of VOD, respectively.Patients and methodsThirty‐five patients treated from 2002 to 2009 for WT were eligible. Diagnosis of VOD was according McDonald's criteria that required two of the following: jaundice, hepatomegaly and/or right upper quadrant pain, weight gain with or without ascites.ResultsVOD occurred in 5 of 35 patients (14%) after 21–105 days from starting chemotherapy. Two patients developed multiorgan failure (MOF). PAI‐1 was high in four patients who were tested. Three patients were treated with defibrotide and no side effects were reported while two patients received supportive measures only. Four patients recovered and three of them received defibrotide. They are all alive and well after a median follow‐up of 35 months. One of two patients not treated with defibrotide died of MOF.ConclusionsPAI‐1 levels were abnormal in WT‐VOD. Defibrotide was a safe, well‐tolerated, and potentially efficacious therapy in this group of patients. Further prospective study is needed in WT‐VOD to confirm these data. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 57: 258–261. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.