bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Evaluation of a Colloidal Gold Immunochromatography Strip for Rapid Detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Food
Authors: Guo Ailing , Sheng Hongli , Zhang Min , Wu Renwei , Xie Ji 
Published: July 2012

AbstractTo successfully establish an immunochromatography strip assay for rapid detection Vibrio parahaemolyticus in food, two kinds of specific antibodies were employed. In the strip test, polyclonal rabbit antibody (pAb) against V. parahaemolyticus was conjugated with 40 nm colloidal gold and used as analytical reagent. Goat anti‐rabbit IgG and monoclonal mouse antibody (mAb) against V. parahaemolyticus were dispensed on a nitrocellulose membrane in two distinct sectors, the former as control and the latter for test. The strip assay revealed 100% specificity with 31 strains (two V. parahaemolyticus type strains; fifteen V. parahaemolyticus strains isolated from foods, four other species of Vibrio strains and ten non‐Vibrio strains). The detection limit of immunochromatographic strip was 105 cfu/mL. Shelf life of the strip was over 90 days at 37C. The immunochromatographic strip is therefore successful in and suitable for fast detection of V. parahaemolyticus.Practical ApplicationsIn this study, we developed a colloidal gold immunochromatography strip for the detection of V. parahaemolyticus. Immunochromatography strip test has advantages of being simple, rapid, free from contamination and low in price. It would allow detection of V. parahaemolyticus pure cultures within a short time (<15 min) and detection of V. parahaemolyticus in food within 11 h, which contained 10 h enrichment. Rapid detection and easy operation makes the strip suitable for on‐site detection. There is therefore much high application value in food microorganism, and it is worth to be popularized.
What’s in a Name? The Representation of Terrorism Using Political Organization Names
Authors: Dechesne Mark 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe present contribution introduces representation theory of terrorism. The basic proposition is that comparison of the names of nonviolent and violent political organizations reveals core characteristics of terrorist organizations. Accordingly, eight characteristics are identified: Hostility, Absolutism, Authoritarianism, Action Orientation, Resistance, Militancy, Achievement Motivation, and Superiority. An empirical study among college students, comparing those preferring groups that possess these characteristics with those preferring groups that do not possess these characteristics, shows that greater endorsement of groups that possess these characteristics is associated with greater support for group‐based violence. Representation theory provides a novel way of looking at terrorism, specifies indicators of violent intent and generates new hypothesis regarding the nature of terrorism.
Assessing Contemporary Trends and Future Prospects in the Study of the Suicide Bomber
Authors: Gill Paul 
Published: July 2012

AbstractWhile the analyses of who engages in terrorism have largely evolved away from early psychopathological accounts, studies that focus on suicide bombers still emphasize personality characteristics as the cause of involvement and contain static interpretations of motivation. This article provides a review of such approaches before offering a number of alternatives that potentially contain more value for moving terrorism research forward. These approaches are illustrated by a series of analyses of a data set of 219 Palestinian suicide bombers: a descriptive analysis of the socio‐demographic characteristics of suicide bombers, their pathways into terrorist organizations, their spatial patterning and issues concerned with lethality. Collectively these analyses show how bringing together different theoretical frameworks can provide a stronger basis for the management of conflict and terrorism.
AN INTERNATIONAL SURVEY ON ATTITUDES OF RENAL NURSES TOWARDS OLDER PEOPLE
Authors: Zampieron Alessandra , Saraiva Maria , Corso Michele , Buja Alessandra 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYBackground: Previous studies have indicated that healthcare providers do not enjoy taking care of older people, because of poor attitudes towards the elderly.Aim: The purpose of this cross‐sectional study is to identify and describe the attitudes of a worldwide sample of renal nurses towards older people.Method: A convenience sample composed of renal nurses worldwide completed a socio‐demographic questionnaire and the Kogan's Attitude towards Old People Scale (KOAP).Results: We received 1,061 completed questionnaires from nurses in 12 countries. Participants were mainly female (81%), their average age being 42.69 (SD ± 8.70); 74% of nurses had older people in their families and 51% had lived with older people. The sample reported slightly positive attitudes towards the elderly [mean score (±SD) = 151.50 (±17.9)]. Attitudes were influenced by continent, country, religion, presence of older people in the family and level of nursing education (p < 0.0001).Conclusion: Our study has shown that renal nurses have slightly positive attitudes towards older people but attitudes could be improved with specific information being provided to renal nurses, to obtain better care.
Comparative evaluation of different chelators in removal of calcium hydroxide preparations from root canals
Authors: Ballal NV , Kumar SR , Laxmikanth HK , Saraswathi MV 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackground:  This study compared the efficacy of 10% citric acid, 17% EDTA and 7% maleic acid (MA) with ultrasonic agitation in the removal of calcium hydroxide (CH) from root canals.Methods:  Seventy maxillary anterior teeth were enlarged to F3 using protaper files. Teeth were then divided into two groups: A and B. Group A was filled with (CH + iodoform + silicone oil) mixture and group B with CH and propylene glycol (PG). Ten teeth were divided into positive and negative control groups. The volume of CH preparations was estimated using spiral CT. After seven days, teeth in groups A and B were further divided into three subgroups based on irrigants used and CH was retrieved along with ultrasonic agitation. Volume analysis was undertaken using spiral CT. Mean percentage of CH removed was analysed using one‐way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s Honestly Significant Difference test.Results:  All irrigants removed (CH + PG) completely without any difference between them (p = 0.17). Removal of (CH + iodoform + silicone oil) was significantly higher for MA and citric acid than EDTA (p < 0.001). There was no difference between MA and citric acid.Conclusions:  Concentrations of 7% MA and 10% citric acid were found to be superior to 17% EDTA in the removal of (CH + iodoform + silicone oil). (CH + PG) preparation was completely removed by all the irrigants.
Antibacterial efficacy of casein‐derived peptides against Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: Liu V , Dashper S , Parashos P , Liu S‐W , Stanton D , Shen P , Chivatxaranukul P , Reynolds EC 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackground : The aim of this study was to test a casein peptide in its glycosylated form (kappa‐casein glycopeptide, KCGP) and its non‐glycosylated form (kappa‐casein peptide, KCP) for antibacterial efficacy against Enterococcus faecalis in planktonic and biofilm cultures.Methods : E. faecalis strain JKD 15036 was exposed to different concentrations of KCGP and KCP in a 96‐well culture plate. The effect of the peptides on the growth of E. faecalis in planktonic culture was monitored by measuring optical density over 7 hours. Biofilm formation was measured after 24 hours using a crystal violet assay. All experiments were performed in triplicate.Results : KCGP and KCP inhibited growth of E. faecalis in planktonic culture with no significant difference in activity between the peptides. KCGP at 0.16% w/v was significantly better at inhibiting E. faecalis biofilm formation than KCP at the same concentration and significantly better than NaOCl at 1.0% w/v.Conclusions : KCGP effectively inhibited E. faecalis biofilm formation and may have potential to augment the efficacy of traditional antiseptic agents.
Oral health impact, dental caries, and oral health behaviors among the National Cadets Corps in South India
Authors: Pentapati Kalyana Chakravarthy , Acharya Shashidhar , Bhat Meghashyam , Krishna Rao Sree Vidya , Singh Sweta 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to assess the oral health impact and to evaluate the association between socioeconomic status, oral health behaviors, dental caries experience, and oral health impacts among children enrolled in the National Cadets Corps.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted among 389 male cadets aged between 13 and 15 years. Sociodemographic and oral health behavior‐related information was collected using a self‐administered questionnaire. The Child–Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (OIDP) Index was used to assess the oral impacts. The cadets were clinically examined for caries experience using decayed, missing, filled tooth index.ResultsA total of 359 children completed all stages of the survey. The mean age of the children was 13.96 ± 0.6 years. Fifty‐five percent of the participants experienced at least one impact in the last 3 months. The mean OIDP score for the population was 12.13 ± 5.85. The most prevalent impact was difficulty in eating (37%), and the least affected daily performance was social contact (17%). Dental attendance and caries experience were significant predictors of oral impacts.ConclusionsThe present study revealed that oral health had a significant impact on quality of life. Caries experience and past dental visits were associated with oral health‐related quality of life among this study population.
taxonstand: An r package for species names standardisation in vegetation databases
Authors: Cayuela Luis , Granzow‐de la Cerda Íñigo , Albuquerque Fabio S. , Golicher Duncan J. 
Published: July 2012

Summary1. Compilation of vegetation databases has contributed significantly to the advancement of vegetation science all over the world. Yet, methodological problems result from the use of plant names, particularly in data that originate from numerous and heterogeneous sources. One of the main problems is the inordinate number of synonyms that can be found in vegetation lists.2. We present Taxonstand, an r package to automatically standardise plant names using The Plant List (http://www.theplantlist.org). The scripts included in this package allow connection to the online search engine of the Plant List and retrieve information from each species about its current taxonomic status. In those cases where the species name is a synonym, it is replaced by the current accepted name. In addition, this package can help correcting orthographic errors in specific epithets.3. This tool greatly facilitates the preparation of large vegetation databases prior to their analyses, particularly when they cover broad geographical areas (supranational or even continental scale) or contain data from regions with rich floras where taxonomic problems have not been resolved for many of their taxa. Automated workflows such as the one provided by the taxonstand package can ease considerably this task using a widely accessible working nomenclatural authority list for plant species names such as The Plant List.
Perception of peer group rank of individuals with early psychosis
Authors: Allison Gemma , Harrop Chris , Ellett Lyn 
Published: July 2012

Objectives. Social rank theory has been applied to psychosis, in particular the relationship between an individual and their voices. However, perceived peer group rank has not been empirically tested in an early psychosis group. The purpose of the study was to test the prediction that individuals with early psychosis will have lower perceived social status, engage in submissive behaviours more frequently, and will feel more entrapped by external events compared to a healthy control group.Design. The study employed a cross‐sectional design, comparing individuals with early psychosis and healthy controls.Methods. A total of 24 participants with early psychosis and 24 matched controls completed self‐report measures of social rank, including social comparison, submissive behaviours and entrapment, measures of depression, anxiety and psychotic symptoms, and measures of peer network size and peer relationship quality.Results. Individuals with early psychosis viewed themselves as being of lower social rank and inferior in relation to matched controls, and also reported engaging in submissive behaviours more frequently and felt more entrapped by external events.Conclusions. Perception of lower social rank and inferiority amongst individuals with early psychosis may impact on engagement in peer relationships and impact on the social decline in early psychosis, which could have significant implications for interventions and recovery.Practitioner Points

Individuals with early psychosis felt less satisfied with, and more excluded by, their peer group than matched controls.

Low rank in relation to peers might be a mechanism whereby individuals with early psychosis avoid their friends and lose friendships.

It may be appropriate to assess perceived social rank in relation to peers amongst individuals with early psychosis in clinical settings.

Cross‐sectional design means that no conclusions regarding causality can be made.

Peer network was assessed using self‐report and at a single time point; future longitudinal studies are therefore needed.
Ethnic inequalities in incidence, survival and mortality from abdominal aortic aneurysm in New Zealand
Authors: Sandiford Peter , Mosquera Damien , Bramley Dale 
Published: July 2012

BackgroundEthnic variation in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) incidence, survival and mortality is not well documented and yet has important equity implications for screening programmes. This study quantifies ethnic differences in hospital incidence, mortality and survival from AAA among Māori, Pacific, Asian and European/other ethnicities in New Zealand (NZ).MethodsRetrospective analysis of linked NZ hospital and death register records identified all patients admitted to a public hospital with a diagnosis of AAA and deaths from AAA from 1996 to 2007. Patients were grouped by ethnicity as Asian, Māori, Pacific or European/other.ResultsCompared with the European/other group, Māori were 8.3 years younger at first admission, had higher mortality rates (RR=1.30, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.60 for men; RR=2.66, CI 2.13 to 3.31 for women), lower 1-year cumulative relative survival (60% vs 73% for men and 56% vs 67% for women; p<0.0001 for both) and were much less likely to have their aneurysm repaired electively (39.6% vs 61.1%; p<0.00001). Also, Māori women but not men were found to have a significantly higher standardised incidence rate (RR=1.56, 95% CI 1.37 to 1.79). In contrast, the incidence rate ratio for Asians (both men and women) was just 0.38 (95% CI 0.27 to 0.54 and 0.30 to 0.47, respectively) and both sexes also had a significantly lower mortality rate than European/other. Pacific men but not women also had a significantly lower incidence rate and frequency of aneurysm repair (40.0%; p=0.027).ConclusionsEthnic variation in the incidence, mortality and cumulative relative survival from AAA in NZ resembles ethnic inequalities in other health outcomes. This provides additional support for screening on equity grounds.
Correlation of LINE-1 Methylation Levels in Patient-Matched Buffy Coat, Serum, Buccal Cell, and Bladder Tumor Tissue DNA Samples
Authors: van Bemmel Dana , Lenz Petra , Liao Linda M. , Baris Dalsu , Sternberg Lawrence R. , Warner Andrew , Johnson Alison , Jones Michael , Kida Masatoshi , Schwenn Molly , Schned Alan R. , Silverman Debra T. , Rothman Nathaniel , Moore Lee E. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Background: Evidence suggests that global methylation levels in blood cell DNA may be a biomarker for cancer risk. To date, most studies have used genomic DNA isolated from blood or urine as a surrogate marker of global DNA methylation levels in bladder tumor tissue.
Methods: A subset of 50 bladder cancer cases was selected from the New England Bladder Cancer Case–Control Study. Genomic DNA was isolated from buffy coat, buccal cells, serum, and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue for each participant. DNA methylation at four CpG sites within the long interspersed nucleotide element (LINE-1) repetitive element was quantified using pyrosequencing and expressed as a mean methylation level across sites.
Results: Overall, the mean percent (%) LINE-1 5-methylcytosine (%5MeC) level was highest in serum (80.47% ± 1.44%) and lowest in bladder tumor DNA (61.36% ± 12.74%) and levels varied significantly across tissue types (P = 0.001). An inverse association between LINE-1 mean %5MeC and tumor stage (P = 0.001) and grade (P = 0.002) was observed. A moderate correlation between patient-matched serum and buffy coat DNA LINE-1 %5MeC levels was found (r = 0.32, P = 0.03) but levels were uncorrelated among other matched genomic DNA samples.
Conclusions: The mean promoter LINE-1 %5MeC measurements were correlated between buffy coat and serum DNA samples. No correlation was observed between genomic DNA sources and tumor tissues; however a significant inverse association between tumor percent LINE-1 methylation and tumor stage/grade was found.
Impact:LINE-1 methylation measured in case blood DNA did not reflect that observed in bladder tumor tissue but may represent other factors associated with carcinogenesis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(7); 1143–8. ©2012 AACR.
Expression of Kallikrein-Related Peptidase 7 Predicts Poor Prognosis in Patients with Unresectable Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Iakovlev Vladimir , Siegel Eric R. , Tsao Ming-Sound , Haun Randy S. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackground: Kallikrein-related peptidase 7 (KLK7) is overexpressed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC). The aims of this study were to examine the expression of KLK7 during progression of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) to invasive PDAC and to assess its prognostic significance for PDAC.Methods: Immunohistochemistry was used to assess KLK7 expression using a tissue microarray (TMA) and full sections of pancreatic tissue containing normal tissue, PanIN, and invasive adenocarcinoma, and the association between KLK7 expression and prognosis was examined by a population-based pancreatic cancer TMA.Results: Normal pancreatic epithelium was negative for KLK7 in either TMAs or full sections. Analysis by TMAs showed that 91% of cases showed KLK7 positivity in the adenocarcinoma component, which was significantly higher than PanIN 2/3. In full tissue sections of PDAC, KLK7 expression was detected in less than 1% of cells among PanIN 1A lesions, and increased with grade among PanIN 1B and PanIN2/3 lesions before reaching 69% in the invasive PDAC. In patients with unresected PDAC, KLK7 positivity was significantly associated with shorter overall survival.Conclusions: Aberrant KLK7 expression starts in intermediate-to-late stages of PanIN progression, and KLK7-positive staining is associated with almost a three-fold increase in mortality rate of patients with unresected PDAC.Impact: The association of KLK7 expression and poor outcome of patients with unresectable PDAC suggests that inhibiting either KLK7 expression and/or activity could be a therapeutic strategy. Because the vast majority of patients present with unresectable disease, such an intervention could have a significant impact upon the overall survival of this patient population. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(7); 1135–42. ©2012 AACR.
Cancer Prevention and Screening Practices of Siblings of Childhood Cancer Survivors: A Report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study
Authors: Buchbinder David , Mertens Ann C. , Zeltzer Lonnie K. , Leisenring Wendy , Goodman Pam , Lown E. Anne , Alderfer Melissa A. , Recklitis Christopher , Oeffinger Kevin , Armstrong Gregory T. , Hudson Melissa , Robison Leslie L. , Casillas Jacqueline 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Background: To compare the skin and breast/cervical cancer prevention/screening practices of adult siblings of childhood cancer survivors with controls and to identify modifying factors for these practices.
Methods: Cross-sectional, self-report data from 2,588 adult siblings of 5+ year survivors of childhood cancer were analyzed to assess cancer prevention/screening practices. Two age, sex, and race/ethnicity-matched samples (N = 5,915 and N = 37,789) of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System participants served as the comparison populations. Sociodemographic and cancer-related data were explored as modifying factors for sibling cancer prevention/screening practices through multivariable logistic regression.
Results: Compared with controls, siblings were more likely to practice skin cancer prevention behaviors: use of protective clothing [OR, 2.85; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.39–3.39], use of shade (OR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.88–2.36), use of sunscreen (OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.14–1.40), and wearing a hat (OR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.58–1.98). No differences were noted for breast/cervical cancer screening including mammography and Pap testing. Having less than a high school education and lack of health insurance were associated with diminished cancer prevention/screening behaviors. Survivor diagnosis, treatment intensity, adverse health, chronic health conditions, and second cancers were not associated with sibling cancer prevention/screening behaviors.
Conclusions: Siblings of cancer survivors report greater skin cancer prevention practices when compared with controls; however, no differences were noted for breast/cervical cancer screening practices. Access to care and lack of education may be associated with decreased cancer prevention/screening behaviors. Interventions are needed to address these barriers.
Impact: Research should be directed at understanding the impact of the cancer experience on sibling health behaviors. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(7); 1078–88. ©2012 AACR.
Rotating Night Shift Work and Mammographic Density
Authors: Peplonska Beata , Bukowska Agnieszka , Sobala Wojciech , Reszka Edyta , Gromadzinska Jolanta , Wasowicz Wojciech , Lie Jenny Anne , Kjuus Helge , Ursin Giske 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Background: An increased risk of breast cancer has been observed in night shift workers. Exposure to artificial light at night and disruption of the endogenous circadian rhythm with suppression of the melatonin synthesis have been suggested mechanisms. We investigated the hypothesis that rotating night shift work is associated with mammographic density.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study on the association between rotating night shift work characteristics, 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (MT6s) creatinine adjusted in a spot morning urine sample, and a computer-assisted measure of mammographic density in 640 nurses and midwives ages 40 to 60 years. The associations were evaluated using regression models adjusted for age, body mass index, menopausal status, age at menopause, age at menarche, smoking, and the calendar season of the year when mammography was conducted.
Results: The adjusted means of percentage of mammographic density and absolute density were slightly higher among women working rotating night shifts but not statistically significant [percentage of mammographic density = 23.6%, 95% confidence interval (CI), 21.9%–25.4% vs. 22.5%, 95% CI, 20.8%–24.3%; absolute density = 23.9 cm2, 95% CI, 21.4–26.4 cm2 vs. 21.8 cm2, 95% CI, 19.4–24.3 cm2 in rotating night shift and day shift nurses, respectively). There were no significant associations between the current or cumulative rotating night shift work exposure metrics and mammographic density. No association was observed between morning MT6s and mammographic density.
Conclusions: The hypothesis on the link between rotating night shift work, melatonin synthesis disruption, and mammographic density is not supported by the results of the present study.
Impact: It is unlikely that the development of breast cancer in nurses working rotating night shifts is mediated by an increase in mammographic density. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(7); 1028–37. ©2012 AACR.