bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Keggin Heteropolyacid Catalyzed Synthesis of Isoxazolo‐ [5,4‐d]pyrimidine‐4,6(5H,7H)‐diones at Room Temperature
Authors: Bamoharram Fatemeh F. , Roshani Mina , Heravi Majid M. , Mahdavi Masoumeh , Javid Ali , Emampour Jalal Sh. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract Isoxazolo[5,4‐d]pyrimidine‐4,6(5H,7H)diones 2a–2f have been synthesized from the reaction of ethyl 5‐amino‐3‐methyl‐4‐isoxazole carboxylate (1) with aryl isocyanates in the presence of Keggin heteropolyacid H3[PW12O40] as a green solid acid catalyst at room temperature in a one‐pot process in good yields.
Metal Ions Extraction from Solid Matrix in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide with DMBP as Chelating Ligand
Authors: Tian Jia , Yang Hai‐Jian , Wang Wei , Kim Hakwon 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe effects of pressure, temperature, time, and ligand to metal ratio (50:1–200:1) on the extraction efficiency of metal ions with 4,4′‐dimethyl‐2,2′‐bipyridyl (DMBP) as a chelating ligand were systematically investigated in supercritical carbon dioxide (sc‐CO2). Eight metal ions (Mn2+, Fe3+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+) were tested, respectively, to be extracted from solid matrix into sc‐CO2. The best extraction efficiency for Co2+ (83.68%) was obtained in the optimized condition (DMBP and perfluoro‐1‐octanesulfonic acid tetraethylammonium salt as a co‐ligand used, 25 MPa, 323 K, 20 min, ligand to metal ratio of 200). Extraction from mixed metal ions with DMBP was also achieved and the results showed that selectivity for Co2+ ion was notable (98.17%) in the above‐mentioned conditions. Finally, the detailed calculation results exhibited that the extraction constants (Kex) of the metal ions increased with the increase of the extraction efficiency in the same extraction system.
Adsorption of Cr(VI) from Aqueous Solutions by Staphylococcus aureus Biomass
Authors: Wang Xue Song , Li Yuan , Huang Li Ping , Chen Jing 
Published: July 2010

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus has not been used to remove Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solutions. In the present study, biosorption experiments for Cr(VI) were investigated using S. aureus biomass isolated from activated sludge, Lianyungang Dapu sewage treatment plant, China. The effects of solution pH, contact time reaction temperature and ionic strength on Cr(VI) uptake were studied. The biomass was characterized by energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The applicability of the Langmuir and Freundlich models was tested. The correlation coefficients (R) of both models were higher than 0.9. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 27.36 mg/g for Cr(VI) at 20°C. The adsorption process was quick and found to follow the pseudo‐second‐order equation. The optimum adsorption was achieved at pH 2. The adsorption was strongly dependent on NaCl concentrations as well as on reaction temperature. The S. aureus biomass could serve as adsorbent to remove Cr(VI) from industrial effluents.
Five‐year outcome of patients classified using the American Society for Radiation Oncology consensus statement guidelines for the application of accelerated partial breast irradiation
Authors: Shaitelman Simona F. , Vicini Frank A. , Beitsch Peter , Haffty Bruce , Keisch Martin , Lyden Maureen 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:The American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) consensus statement (CS) for the application of accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) was applied to patients who were treated with this technique on the American Society of Breast Surgeons MammoSite Registry Trial to determine potential differences in clinical outcome based on classification group.METHODS:Patients were classified based on the CS groups of “suitable,” “cautionary,” and “unsuitable.” Rates of ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR), regional lymph node failure, distant metastases, disease‐free survival, cause‐specific survival, and overall survival were assessed.RESULTS:Of the 1449 cases who were treated, 1025 patients (71%) could be classified according to the CS groupings, including 419 patients (41%) who fit the “suitable” criteria, 430 patients (42%) who fit the “cautionary” criteria, and 176 patients (17%) who fit the “unsuitable” criteria. At a median follow‐up of 53.5 months, the 5‐year actuarial rates of IBTR for the “suitable,” “cautionary,” and “unsuitable” groups were 2.59%, 5.43%, and 5.28%, respectively (P = .1884). Univariate analysis of factors potentially associated with IBTR indicated that negative estrogen receptor status was the only variable associated with IBTR among patients with invasive breast cancer (odds ratio [OR], 4.01; P = .0003). Larger tumor size was associated with a greater risk of distant metastasis (OR, 3.05; P = .0001). Among patients with ductal carcinoma in situ, only age <50 years and close‐positive margins were associated with IBTR (OR, 1.12 [P = .0079] and OR, 7.81 [P = .0131], respectively).CONCLUSIONS:The ASTRO CS groupings did not differentiate a subset of patients with a significantly worse rate of IBTR when they were treated with the MammoSite breast brachytherapy catheter to deliver APBI. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Peak oxygen consumption and long‐term all‐cause mortality in nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Jones Lee W. , Watson Dorothy , Herndon James E. , Eves Neil D. , Haithcock Benjamin E. , Loewen Gregory , Kohman Leslie 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Identifying strong markers of prognosis is critical to optimize treatment and survival outcomes in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The authors investigated the prognostic significance of preoperative cardiorespiratory fitness (peak oxygen consumption [VO2peak]) among operable candidates with NSCLC.METHODS:By using a prospective design, 398 patients with potentially resectable NSCLC enrolled in Cancer and Leukemia Group B 9238 were recruited between 1993 and 1998. Participants performed a cardiopulmonary exercise test to assess VO2peak and were observed until death or June 2008. Cox proportional models were used to estimate the risk of all‐cause mortality according to cardiorespiratory fitness category defined by VO2peak tertiles (<0.96 of 0.96‐1.29/>1.29 L/min−1) with adjustment for age, sex, and performance status.RESULTS:Median follow‐up was 30.8 months; 294 deaths were reported during this period. Compared with patients achieving a VO2peak <0.96 L/min−1, the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for all‐cause mortality was 0.64 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.46‐0.88) for a VO2peak of 0.96 to 1.29 L/min−1, and 0.56 (95% CI, 0.39‐0.80) for a VO2peak of >1.29 L/min−1 (Ptrend = .0037). The corresponding HRs for resected patients were 0.66 (95% CI, 0.46‐0.95) and 0.59 (95% CI, 0.40‐0.89) relative to the lowest VO2peak category (Ptrend = .0247), respectively. For nonresected patients, the HRs were 0.78 (95% CI, 0.34‐1.79) and 0.39 (95% CI, 0.16‐0.94) relative to the lowest category (Ptrend = .0278).CONCLUSIONS:VO2peak is a strong independent predictor of survival in NSCLC that may complement traditional markers of prognosis to improve risk stratification and prognostication. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Software process certification system based on K‐model for high‐performance software engineering
Authors: Hwang Sun Myung , Yeo Sang‐Soo 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYIn order to make high‐quality software and high‐performance software, systematic development management and organizational support should be essentially considered. Since the 1990s software process models such as ISO/IEC 15504 and CMMI have been used to improve and evaluate an organization's capability. However, these models have problems that are used to apply on large‐scale organizations or large projects and hence many practices are actually required that eventually do not supply systematic metrics for process measuring. In this paper, we present the characteristics of the K‐model which can easily be applied to small‐ and medium‐sized businesses or projects, and propose the standard metrics based on the K‐model for measuring quantitative quality values. We also formally define a K‐model‐based certificate procedure. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coherent Spin Manipulation in Molecular Semiconductors: Getting a Handle on Organic Spintronics
Authors: Lupton John M. , McCamey Dane R. , Boehme Christoph 
Published: July 2010

AbstractOrganic semiconductors offer expansive grounds to explore fundamental questions of spin physics in condensed matter systems. With the emergence of organic spintronics and renewed interest in magnetoresistive effects, which exploit the electron spin degree of freedom to encode and transmit information, there is much need to illuminate the underlying properties of spins in molecular electronic materials. For example, one may wish to identify over what length of time a spin maintains its orientation with respect to an external reference field. In addition, it is crucial to understand how adjacent spins arising, for example, in electrostatically coupled charge‐carrier pairs, interact with each other. A periodic perturbation of the field may cause the spins to precess or oscillate, akin to a spinning top experiencing a torque. The quantum mechanical characteristic of the spin is then defined as the coherence time, the time over which an oscillating spin, or spin pair, maintains a fixed phase with respect to the driving field. Electron spins in organic semiconductors provide a remarkable route to performing “hands‐on” quantum mechanics since permutation symmetries are controlled directly. Herein, we review some of the recent advances in organic spintronics and organic magnetoresistance, and offer an introductory description of the concept of pulsed, electrically detected magnetic resonance as a technique to manipulate and thus characterize the fundamental properties of electron spins. Spin‐dependent dissociation and recombination allow the observation of coherent spin motion in a working device, such as an organic light‐emitting diode. Remarkably, it is possible to distinguish between electron and hole spin resonances. The ubiquitous presence of hydrogen nuclei gives rise to strong hyperfine interactions, which appear to provide the basis for many of the magnetoresistive effects observed in these materials. Since hyperfine coupling causes quantum spin beating in electron–hole pairs, an extraordinarily sensitive probe for hyperfine fields in such pairs is given.
Growth of tungsten whiskers oriented in <111> direction
Authors: Zavodinsky V. G. , Lebukhova N. V. , Karpovich N. F. , Pugachevsky M. A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe electron micro diffraction technique and pseudopotential ab initio calculations were implemented to study in details the formation and mechanism of growth of the tungsten whiskers during the reduction of nickel tungstate by CO gas. It has been shown that the W whiskers prefer to grow as crystals oriented in the <111> direction, and this process may be considered as the epitaxial growth on the hexagonal planes of Ni4W particles. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Debye temperature and melting point of II‐VI and III‐V semiconductors
Authors: Kumar V. , Jha V. , Shrivastava A. K. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this paper, simple relations are proposed for the calculation of Debye temperature θD and melting point Tmof II‐VI and III‐V zincblende semiconductors. Six relations are proposed to calculate the value of θD. Out of these six relations, two are based on plasmon energy data and the others on molecular weight, melting point, ionicity and energy gap. Three simple relations are proposed to calculate the value of Tm. They are based on plasmon energy, molecular weight and ionicity of the semiconductors. The average percentage deviation of all nine equations was calculated. In all cases, except one, it was estimated between 3.34 to 17.42 % for θD and between 2.37 to 10.45 % for Tm. However, in earlier correlations, it was reported between 10.59 to 33.38% for θD and 6.96 to 14.95% for Tm. The lower percentage deviation shows a significant improvement over the empirical relations proposed by earlier workers. The calculated values of θD and Tm from all equations are in good agreement with the available experimental values and the values reported by different workers. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structure–activity relationships of isoeugenol‐based chlorophenylpiperazine derivatives on serotonergic/adrenergic receptor, platelet aggregation, and lipid peroxidation
Authors: Shen Kuo‐Ping , Chang Wen‐Tsan , Lin Hui‐Li , Chu Li‐Wen , Chen Ing‐Jun , Wu Bin‐Nan 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThree isoeugenol‐based eugenosedin chlorphenylpiperazine derivatives, Eu‐A, Eu‐B, and Eu‐C, were synthesized and tested for their serotonergic, adrenergic antagonist, antioxidant, and anti‐aggregation activities. In radioligand binding assays, all three agents displayed significant binding affinities on α1, α2, β1, 5‐HT1B, and 5‐HT2Areceptors. In human platelet, they inhibited epinephrine and 5‐HT‐induced aggregation, and in human platelet with α2and 5‐HT2Areceptors they had a competitive binding effect. Eu‐B and Eu‐C were more potent than Eu‐A. All compounds had antioxidant effects derived from aryloxypropanolamine. Eu‐ A, Eu‐B, or Eu‐C (1, 3, 5 mg/kg iv) given to normotensive Wistar rats produced a dose‐dependent decrease in mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate and when injected into the cisternum, Eu‐A, Eu‐B, or Eu‐C (0.3, 0.03 µmol) increased blood pressure within 15 min. Pretreatment with any of the three agents inhibited clonidine (38 pmol)‐induced hypotension. In vitro experiments, Eu‐A, Eu‐B, or Eu‐C (1, 10, and 100 µM) competitively antagonized norepinephrine‐, clonidine‐, and 5‐HT (10−8–10−4 M)‐induced vasocontraction in isolated rat aorta, and competitively antagonized isoproterenol (10−8–10−4 M)‐induced positive inotropic effects in a concentration‐dependent manner in the isolated rat left atrium. In isolated rabbit ear arteries sensitized with 16 mM K+, all three agents antagonized 5‐nonyloxytryptamine‐ and 5‐HT‐induced vasocontractions. These findings show that Eu‐A, Eu‐B, and Eu‐C possess functional α1, α2, β1, 5‐HT1B, and 5‐HT2Areceptor blocking activities. In conclusion, the changes in the position of chloride at phenylpiperazine influenced the serotonergic receptor, adrenoceptor antagonistic activities, but not anti‐aggregation and antioxidant activities. Drug Dev Res 71:1–9, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and the Phase Transformation of Octacyanometallate‐Based LnIII–WV Bimetallic Assemblies with Two‐Dimensional Corrugated Layers
Authors: Yuan Ai‐Hua , Southon Peter D. , Price David J. , Kepert Cameron J. , Zhou Hu , Liu Wen‐Yan 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe reactions between Ln(NO3)3·nH2O and (Bu3NH)3[W(CN)8]·H2O have led to two series of octacyanometallate‐based complexes: Ln(H2O)5[W(CN)8] [Ln = La(1), Pr(2), Nd(3), Eu(4), Gd(5)] and Ln(H2O)4[W(CN)8] [Ln = Ho(6), Er(7), Tm(8), Lu(9)]. The crystal structures of 1–9 have two‐dimensional corrugated layers in which the LnIII and WV centres are linked in an alternating fashion. Thermogravimetric (TG) and powder XRD results reveal the presence of a phase transformation in the LnIII–WV system with increasing atomic number of the LnIII atoms.
The impact of different outcome measures on estimates of remission in a 3‐year follow‐up of eating disorders
Authors: Björk Tabita , Clinton David , Norring Claes 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the impact of using different outcome measures on estimates of remission rates in eating disorders (ED).MethodAdult ED patients (n = 334) included in a naturalistic, longitudinal project were assessed 3 years after intake. Remission was operationally defined using six different measures of outcome. Pairwise analyses of agreement between outcome measures were also calculated.ResultsRemission rates for the entire group varied considerably from 24.3 to 77.8% depending on how remission was defined and who made the assessment (experts or patients). Outcome measures performed differently depending on diagnosis, and agreement between measures varied from none to very good.ConclusionThe impact of different definitions of outcome on remission estimates is considerable. There is a need to validate different estimates of remission by examining them in relation to multiple domains of outcome over time and by critically examining their relative merits both empirically and clinically. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Epidemiological risk factor study concerning abnormal attitudes toward eating and adverse dieting behaviours among 12‐ to 25‐years‐old Chinese students
Authors: Tao Z.L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjectiveMost epidemiological studies of eating disorders have been carried out in North America and Western Europe. There are few exploratory studies in China on the prevalence of eating disorders and influential factors that cause eating disorders.MethodA survey of school and college students aged between 12 and 25 in two cities in China had 1199 participants (95.8% response rate), 767 were female (63.9%) and 432 male (36.1%) Subjects completed questionnaires including the Eating Attitude Test (EAT‐26).Results9.9% of the females and 2.0% of the males showed high risk scores (EAT ≥ 20) regardless of whether their weight was normal or they were underweight. Such high risk groups showed a significantly higher degree of psychological characteristics relevant to eating disorders in both female and male subjects.ConclusionBoth Chinese females and a group of Chinese males may be at high risk for eating disorders. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Evolution of vegetation activity on vegetated, eroded, and erosion risk areas in the central Spanish Pyrenees, using multitemporal Landsat imagery
Authors: Alatorre L.C. , Beguería S. , Vicente‐Serrano S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe temporal evolution of vegetation activity on various land cover classes in the Spanish Pyrenees was analyzed. Two time series of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were used, corresponding to March (early spring) and August (the end of summer). The series were generated from Landsat TM and Landsat ETM+ images for the period 1984–2007. An increase in the NDVI in March was found for vegetated areas, and the opposite trend was found in both March and August for degraded areas (badlands and erosion risk areas). The rise in minimum temperature and the time variation of the cloud cover during the study period appears to be the most important factors explaining increased NDVI in the vegetated areas. In degraded areas, no climatic or topographic variable was associated with the negative NDVI trend, which may be related to erosion processes taking place in these regions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mercury in the blood and eggs of American kestrels fed methylmercury chloride
Authors: French John B. , Bennett Richard S. , Rossmann Ronald 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
American kestrels (Falco sparverius) were fed diets containing methylmercury chloride (MeHg) at 0, 0.6, 1.7, 2.8, 3.9, or 5.0 µg/g (dry wt) starting approximately eight weeks before the onset of egg laying. Dietary treatment was terminated after 12 to 14 weeks, and unhatched eggs were collected for Hg analysis. Blood samples were collected after four weeks of treatment and the termination of the study (i.e., 12–14 weeks of treatment). Clutch size decreased at dietary concentrations above 2.8 µg/g. The average total mercury concentration in clutches of eggs and in the second egg laid (i.e., egg B) increased linearly with dietary concentration. Mercury concentrations in egg B were approximately 25% lower than in the first egg laid and similar in concentration to the third egg laid. Mercury concentrations in whole blood and plasma also increased linearly with dietary concentration. Total Hg concentrations in June blood samples were lower than those in April, despite 8 to 10 weeks of additional dietary exposure to MeHg in the diet. This is likely because of excretion of Hg into growing flight feathers beginning shortly after the start of egg production. The strongest relationships between Hg concentrations in blood and eggs occurred when we used blood samples collected in April before egg laying and feather molt. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:2206–2210. © 2010 SETAC
Environmental concentrations of methoprene and its transformation products after the treatment of Altosid® XR Briquets in the city of Richmond, British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Kuo Jen-ni , McPherson Brad , Soon Alicia , Pasternak John , Garrett Chris 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Water runoff from catch basins treated with Altosid® XR Briquets for mosquito larvae control was sampled at 10 storm drainage pump stations along the outskirts of the city of Richmond, British Columbia, Canada after rainfall events in 2006 to determine the residual concentrations of methoprene and transformation products: citronellic acid, methoprene acid, and 7-methoxycitronellic acid. Runoff of prior-to-treatment, posttreatment, and 150-d-after-treatment was collected. No residues were detected in the prior-to-treatment samples. However, methoprene was detected in posttreatment, and citronellic acid was detected in posttreatment and one 150-d-after-treatment sample. The detected environmental concentrations of methoprene (0.04–0.14 µg/L) and methoprene acid (0.07 µg/L) at pump stations were below known/reported toxicity values to aquatic organisms. However, concentrations detected inside the storm drainage system in catch basins (methoprene 122 µg/L, methoprene acid 1.74 µg/L) and inspection chambers (methoprene 622 µg/L, methoprene acid 20 µg/L, citronellic acid 0.05 µg/L) are known to be toxic to invertebrates, have chronic early-life-stage fish effects, and exceeded the Draft Interim Ontario Water Quality Objective and the numerical benchmarks for protection of amphibians (1.6 µg/L), invertebrates (10 µg/L), and fish (80 µg/L). The limited detection in the present study may have resulted from significant absorption of methoprene to sample bottle walls, substance decay during sample storage before methoprene extraction, flushing of briquettes from catch basins following heavy rainfall, and the burial of briquettes under thick layers of debris. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:2200–2205. © 2010 SETAC
Elektromobil in die Zukunft
Authors: Winter Martin , Kunze Miriam , Lex‐Balducci Alexandra 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn Handys, Notebooks und Digitalkameras sind Lithium‐Ionen‐Batterien längst weit verbreitet. Mit neuartigen Materialkombinationen erweitert eine interdisziplinäre Forschungsinitiative nun die Potenziale der Speichertechnologie – vor allem für energieeffiziente Fahrzeugantriebe.
Ein großes „Ja”︁ mit kleinem „aber”︁
Authors: Finetti Marco 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFür ihre neuen Publikationsregeln in Förderanträgen und Abschlussberichten hat die DFG viel Lob und Zustimmung erhalten – in und außerhalb der Wissenschaft. Selbst die Kritiker unterstützen die Zielrichtung der Initiative. Umstritten ist vor allem die Obergrenze von fünf Literaturangaben beim Lebenslauf. Eine Zwischenbilanz kurz vor dem Start der Regelungen