bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sophie de Grouchy and the Recovery Project: Her Originality and Contribution to Philosophy
Authors: Brown Karin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In 1798 Sophie de Grouchy (1764–1822) appended her eight Lettres sur la sympathie to her translation of Adam Smith’s The Theory of Moral Sentiments. In recent years her Lettres have attracted considerable scholarly attention, but interpretative errors, resulting from considering selections in isolation, have slipped into readings of de Grouchy’s work that undermine her originality and the unity of her views regarding ethical theory. The purpose of this paper is to correct prior readings and to properly recover Sophie de Grouchy’s voice for the philosophical canon. Topics include the origin of sympathy, the significance of pleasure and pain in de Grouchy, sympathy and social relations, the role of reason and sentiments in our moral disposition, and mislabeling de Grouchy’s philosophy. In all, de Grouchy grounds her complex ethics and political philosophy in sympathy, reason, reflection, and human dependency in an overarching vision of humanity that is hopeful and optimistic.
A Tale of Two Novembers: Confounding Influences on La Niña’s Relationship with Rainfall in Australia
Authors: Tozer Carly R. , Risbey James S. , Pook Michael J. , Monselesan Didier P. , Irving Damien B. , Ramesh Nandini , Richardson Doug 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Despite common background La Niña conditions, Australia was very dry in November 2020 and wet in November 2021. This paper aims to provide an explanation for this difference. Large-scale drivers of Australian rainfall, including El Niño–Southern Oscillation, Indian Ocean dipole, Southern Annular Mode, and Madden–Julian oscillation, were examined but did not provide obvious clues for the differences. We found that the absence (in 2020) or presence (in 2021) of an enhanced thermal wind and subtropical jet over the Australian continent contributed to the rainfall anomalies. In general, La Niña sets up warm sea surface temperatures around northern Australia, which enhances the meridional temperature gradient over the continent and hence thermal wind and subtropical jet. In November 2021, these warm sea surface temperatures, coupled with a persistent midlatitude trough, which advected cold air over the Australian continent, led to an enhanced meridional temperature gradient and subtropical jet over Australia. The enhanced jet provided favorable conditions for the development of rain-bearing weather systems across Australia. In 2020, the continent was warm, displacing the latitude of maximum meridional temperature gradient south of the continent, resulting in fewer instances of the subtropical jet over Australia, and little development of weather systems over the continent. We highlight that although La Niña tilts the odds to wetter conditions for Australia, in any given month, variability in temperatures over the continent can contribute to subtropical jet variability and resulting rainfall in ways which confound the normal expectation from La Niña.

Significance Statement
Forecasts of El Niño–Southern Oscillation are eagerly awaited, as the state of this climate driver has profound impacts on the likelihood of rainfall in regions around the world. While El Niño and La Niña do change rainfall likelihoods, the actual outcomes of these events are sometimes counter to expectation. This work explores one of the confounding factors to those expectations in the Australian context—the role of the meridional temperature gradient over the continent in modifying the storm track over Australia, which can disrupt the expected El Niño and La Niña teleconnections. We present case studies for two La Niña springs, highlighting that the Australian continent can help shape its own weather toward wetter or drier outcomes.
Organizational learning capacity and international development project success in West Africa: A case study
Authors: Adanzounon Noel Honorat , Meddeb Brahim , Ika Lavagnon A. 
Published: June 2024

Very few studies have focused on organizational learning within a team as a key success factor for international development projects. In particular, the relationship between organizational learning capacity, organizational efficacy, and project success has received little attention. This is the objective of this case study. It explores this relationship based on 23 semi-structured interviews with project coordinators, team members, and beneficiaries of two projects financed by the West African Development Bank (WADB) in Benin and Senegal. The results show that the social process of developing organizational learning capacity within a project team is a crucial issue for organizational efficacy and project success. Points for practitioners Within a team, establishing a framework for developing organizational learning capacity, characterized by autonomy, experimentation, and interaction with stakeholders, is a key project success factor. Flexible and adaptive approaches may foster organizational learning and help explore, through action, new project capacities. Such approaches may help increase the odds of project success in terms of international development and, thus, create value for stakeholders including beneficiaries.
Compression Moulded Ethylene Homo and Copolymer Foams I. Effect of Formulation
Authors: Sims G.L.A. , Khunniteekool C. 
Published: June 2024

Various foam formulations based on polyethylene and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers were investigated. Interactions between crosslinking and blowing agent concentrations were systematically studied for each base polymer using a two-stage compression moulding technique to manufacture the foams and the effects on physical properties were determined. Initial studies progressively increased blowing agent concentration, whilst maintaining a fixed crosslinking agent level, resulting in density and relative density reduction as expected. However, it was observed that at any specific blowing agent concentration, foam density increased with increasing chain branching in polyethylene and with increasing vinyl acetate content in the copolymers. This phenomenon was satisfactorily explained in terms of increasing crosslinking efficiency with increasing tertiary hydrogen concentration in the base polymer by comprehensive studies on gel content, melt strength at the expansion temperature and cell size trends. Surprisingly, cell size increased with vinyl acetate content at any particular gel content suggesting absolute cell size is a function of nucleation in the first stage of the process.
Compression Moulded Ethylene Homo and Copolymer Foams II. Effect of Processing Conditions and Crystallinity on Cell Structure Development
Authors: Sims G.L.A. , Khunniteekool C. 
Published: June 2024

Crosslinked polyethylene and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer foams were produced by single stage and two-stage heat and chill compression moulding techniques. At a fixed blowing agent concentration, crosslinking agent concentrations were adjusted to give similar gel contents independent of base polymer. Relative densities of fully expanded foams produced by either the single stage or heat and chill process did not show significant variation. However, relative densities of partially expanded material after the first stage of the heat and chill process showed a considerable decrease at higher vinyl acetate contents resulting in a consequent reduction in further expansion in the second stage. Cell structures of foams from single stage expansion and after each stage of the heat and chill process were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Micrographs were analysed to give mean cell sizes and cell size distributions. The studies showed reasonable regularity of cell structure for all foams expanded by the single stage process and for high vinyl acetate content foams produced by the heat and chill process. However heat and chill processed foams from polyethylene and low vinyl acetate content base polymers showed a pronounced bimodal cell size distribution. This was attributed to possible crystallinity, solubility and diffusion effects. It was concluded that cell structure regularity was adversely affected if the cooling cycle after the first stage allowed crystallisation of the polymer.
Impact of Rigid Polyurethane Post Consumer Waste on the Texaco Gasification Process*
Authors: Hicks D.A. , Soderberg D.J. , Winter J.D. , Cantero H. 
Published: June 2024

Gasification is a leading feedstock recycling process for managing large volumes of post-consumer plastics waste. ICI Polyurethanes, Texaco and Gent University have conducted an experimental evaluation of adding polyurethanes from Dutch refrigerator waste to a mixed plastics gasifier feed. Results show that polyurethanes are an acceptable feedstock for gasification. Nitrogen in the polyurethanes is shown to be beneficial to the process, reducing the impact of chlorine content and giving a “gate fee” equivalent to mixed plastics waste. Details of the experimental work, process economics and commercial possibilities are given. Gasification is shown to be applicable to a wide range of polyurethanes waste streams.
Advanced Hydrocarbon Blown Formulations for Domestic Appliances Applications*
Authors: Cappella A. , Hoffmann W. , Barettini S. 
Published: June 2024

After 272 years consolidated production experience with hydrocarbon blowing agent options, where high safety margins were used in terms of moulded density, ICI Polyurethanes has now addressed a general reduction of moulding densities at its European appliances RDC (regional development centre) in Ternate, Italy. Suitable performance in terms of progressive cabinet deformation and foam physical/mechanical properties were maintained. Attention was also paid to ensuring continued acceptable performance in terms of thermal conductivity and energy consumption.
Synthesis of Poly(AA-co-AMPS) and its Behaviour vs. pH of Reaction Media
Authors: Rosa Fatima , João Bordado and  , Casquilho Miguel 
Published: June 2024

A new type of super-absorbent polymer has been synthesised and studied. The group of polymers studied were obtained by free radical solution polymerisation of acrylamide and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonic acid with sodium persulphate used as an initiator. These copolymers were produced at different pH values, and the swelling behaviour in water was studied or, alternatively, viscosity was determined whenever measurable by conventional viscometry. It was demonstrated that the extent of swelling of the copolymers changed at the different values of pH in the reaction solution. Above pH = 5 in the reaction medium the polymers get solubilised in water, a circumstance in which special attention was paid to viscosity measurement. Preliminary interpretation of this behaviour is presented.
Recycling of PVC Packaging into Extruded Cellular Products
Authors: Thomas N.L. , Quirk J.P. 
Published: June 2024

New packaging recovery legislation will be introduced in the UK later this year, obliging producers to recover and recycle a certain percentage of packaging waste. EVC has carried out development work to find applications for recycled post-consumer PVC bottles and PVC supermarket trays. One successful application is to use the recycled PVC packaging as the foamed core in co-extruded cellular profiles. Production-scale trials have been carried out to extrude cladding containing pulverised post-consumer PVC bottles and pulverised PVC tray material. The products had satisfactory density, foam structure, colour and surface finish. Using up to 100% bottle recylate did not affect the impact properties of the foam profile. Recycled supermarket trays actually gave an improvement in impact properties: this is attributable to the high levels of impact modifier used in tray formulations. These trials have demonstrated that PVC packaging can be recycled into foamed extrusions for use in the building industry.
Elevation of cardiac enzymes and B-type natriuretic peptides following venous recanalization and stenting in chronic venous obstruction
Authors: Yan Yan , Barbati Mohammad E , Avgerinos Efthymios D , Doganci Suat , Lichtenberg Michael , Jalaie Houman 
Published: June 2024

Background B-type natriuretic peptides (BNP) and cardiac enzymes are both recognized biomarkers of heart health. Many studies have reported that using these indicators can assess cardiac condition and predict prognosis of patients undergoing surgery. Currently little is known on the effect of increased cardiac input after venous recanalization on cardiac physiology in patients with chronic venous obstruction (CVO). Objectives The aim of this study was to explore the effect of iliocaval recanalization and stenting on cardiac biomarkers in patients with CVO. Methods This was a prospective study involving 60 patients in a single unit. Blood tests were collected 1 day before and 1 day after venous intervention. Three groups as group 1: patients with iliofemoral post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) but without involvement of inferior vena cava (IVC) ( n = 33); group 2: patients with iliofemoral PTS and involvement of IVC ( n = 19) and group 3: patients with non-thrombotic vein lesion (NIVL) ( n = 8) were compared based on cardiac biomarker levels. Results Median concentration of post-operative BNP (259.60 pg/mL) was greater than preoperative levels (49.80 pg/mL) [interquartile range (IQR), 147.15/414.68 versus 29.85/82.88; p < 0.001]. The levels of CK-MB [preop: 3 U/l (IQR, 1.40/11.00) versus postop: 14 U/l (IQR, 12/17), p < 0.001] and troponin T [preop: 3.00 pg/mL (IQR, 3.00/5.25) versus postop: level of 6 pg/mL (IQR, 3.00/9.50), p < 0.001]. Post-procedure increases in cardiac enzymes showed significant differences in BNP ( p = 0.023) and troponin T ( p = 0.007) across the three groups, while CK-MB levels were not significantly different ( p > 0.05). Intergroup comparisons of postoperative BNP: group 1 versus group 2 ( p = 0.013), group 2 versus group 3 ( p = 0.029), group 1 versus group 3 ( p = 0.834); and postoperative troponin T: group 1 versus group 2 ( p = 0.018), group 2 versus group 3 ( p = 0.002), group 1 versus group 3 ( p = 0.282). According to multiple linear regression analysis, length of stenting and level of preoperative BNP were independent determinants of postoperative BNP levels ( p < 0.05), and preoperative troponin T affected postoperative troponin T independently ( p < 0.05). Conclusions Troponin T, CK-MB and BNP seem to increase after venous recanalization and stent implantation, the elevation being more prominent for longer lesions.
The effectiveness of social prescribing in the management of long-term conditions in community-based adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: O’Sullivan Declan J , Bearne Lindsay M , Harrington Janas M , Cardoso Jefferson R , McVeigh Joseph G 
Published: June 2024

Objective The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effectiveness of social prescribing interventions in the management of long-term conditions in adults. Data sources Eleven electronic databases were searched for randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials. Review Methods Outcomes of interest were quality of life, physical activity, psychological well-being and disease-specific measures. Bias was assessed with the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool. A narrative synthesis and meta-analysis were performed. Results Twelve studies ( n = 3566) were included in this review. Social prescribing interventions were heterogeneous and the most common risks of bias were poor blinding and high attrition. Social prescribing interventions designed to target specific long-term conditions i.e., cancer and diabetes demonstrated significant improvements in quality of life ( n = 2 studies) and disease-specific psychological outcomes respectively ( n = 3 studies). There was some evidence for improvement in physical activity ( n = 2 studies) but most changes were within group only ( n = 4 studies). Social prescribing interventions did not demonstrate any significant changes in general psychological well-being. Conclusion Social prescribing interventions demonstrated some improvements across a range of outcomes although the quality of evidence remains poor.
Unveiling the Path: A Qualitative Study on the Initial Sexual Experiences of Cambodian Adolescents
Authors: Yang Youngran , Park Gloria , Kim Hae Bin 
Published: June 2024

Introduction: There still remains a significant gap in understanding the sexual and reproductive health challenges faced by adolescents, particularly in the context of early sexual activity, teenage pregnancy, and sexually transmitted diseases. This study seeks to fill this gap by exploring the initial sexual experiences of Cambodian adolescents, highlighting the complex interplay of cultural, social, and personal influences that shape their sexual health decisions and outcomes. Methodology: A descriptive qualitative research design was used. Thirty Cambodian adolescents were interviewed from March to June 202 and data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Participants met their sexual partners in school and through friendships and social networking sites. Their motivations for sexual activities ranged from intrinsic desires to influences of inebriation, love, and trust. Consent was crucial but some were influenced by partners. Awareness of sexual protection varied, affecting condom use and information-seeking behaviors. After initial encounters, participants grappled with complex emotions and physical changes. Discussion: The findings suggest the need for educational interventions that address substance use; promote safe behavior, consensual conduct, open communication, and mutual respect; and provide coping strategies.
Use of Pleth Variability Index as a Non-invasive, Dynamic Indicator of Left Atrial Pressure Change During MitraClip: Transcatheter Mitral Valve Repair
Authors: Vaidyanathan Ashwin , Guruswamy Jayakar , Saluja Abhishek , Eng Marvin , Szymanski Trevor 
Published: June 2024

Background Transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER) with MitraClip is a safe and effective alternative to surgical mitral valve repair/replacement in patients with high operative risk. Pleth Variability Index (PVI) is a non-invasive, dynamic index based on analysis of the respiratory variations in the plethysmographic waveform recorded transcutaneously by the pulse oximeter. Objectives The objective of the study was to evaluate if the hemodynamic effect of improved left-sided output after successful transcatheter mitral valve repair would lead to a significant change in PVI, and if it would correlate with the decrease in left atrial pressure (LAP). Design Prospective, observational cohort study (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03993938). Setting Single academic hospital in Detroit, Michigan (USA), from October 2019 to February 2021. Participants The authors included adult patients with severe mitral regurgitation who underwent successful MitraClip placement. Measurements and Main Results Of 30 patients, all components of the LAP ( a wave, v wave, and mean) decreased significantly after successful MitraClip placement ( P < .01). The median (IQR) PVI increased from 21 (11-35) to 23 (13-38) after clip placement; however, this change was not statistically significant ( P = .275). No significant correlation between change in PVI and change in LAP was observed ( P = .235). Conclusions In patients with severe mitral regurgitation, successful MitraClip resulted in a significant reduction in LAP without a significant change in PVI. A larger sample size may provide more insight on the utility of using PVI as an indicator of LAP change in patients with mitral regurgitation.
Prenatal Gut Microbiota Predicts Temperament in Offspring at 1–2 Years
Authors: Cao Yanan , Zhang Xu , Zhang Qianping , Fan Xiaoxiao , Zang Tianzi , Bai Jinbing , Wu Yuanyuan , Zhou Wenjie , Liu Yanqun 
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this study was to explore whether prenatal gut microbiota (GM) and its functions predict the development of offspring temperament. A total of 53 mothers with a 1-year-old child and 41 mothers with a 2-year-old child were included in this study using a mother-infant cohort from central China. Maternal fecal samples collected during the third trimester were analyzed using 16S rRNA V3-V4 gene sequences. Temperament of the child was measured by self-reported data according to the primary caregiver. The effects of GM in mothers on offspring’s temperament were evaluated using multiple linear regression models. The results demonstrated that the alpha diversity index Simpson of prenatal GM was positively associated with the activity level of offspring at 1 year (adj. P = .036). Bifidobacterium was positively associated with high-intensity pleasure characteristics of offspring at 1 year (adj. P = .031). Comparatively, the presence of Bifidobacterium found in the prenatal microbiome was associated with low-intensity pleasure characteristics in offspring at 2 years (adj. P = .031). There were many significant associations noted among the functional pathways of prenatal GM and temperament of offspring at 2 years. Our findings support the maternal-fetal GM axis in the setting of fetal-placental development with subsequent postnatal neurocognitive developmental outcomes, and suggest that early childhood temperament is in part associated with specific GM in the prenatal setting.
User experience of a family health history chatbot: A quantitative analysis
Authors: Soni Hiral , Morrison Heath , Vasilev Dinko , Ong Triton , Wilczewski Hattie , Allen Caitlin , Hughes-Halbert Chanita , Ritchie Jordon B , Narma Alexa , Schiffman Joshua D , Ivanova Julia , Bunnell Brian E , Welch Brandon M 
Published: June 2024

Objective: Family health history (FHx) is an important tool in assessing one’s risk towards specific health conditions. However, user experience of FHx collection tools is rarely studied. ItRunsInMyFamily.com (ItRuns) was developed to assess FHx and hereditary cancer risk. This study reports a quantitative user experience analysis of ItRuns. Methods: We conducted a public health campaign in November 2019 to promote FHx collection using ItRuns. We used software telemetry to quantify abandonment and time spent on ItRuns to identify user behaviors and potential areas of improvement. Results: Of 11,065 users who started the ItRuns assessment, 4305 (38.91%) reached the final step to receive recommendations about hereditary cancer risk. Highest abandonment rates were during Introduction (32.82%), Invite Friends (29.03%), and Family Cancer History (12.03%) subflows. Median time to complete the assessment was 636 s. Users spent the highest median time on Proband Cancer History (124.00 s) and Family Cancer History (119.00 s) subflows. Search list questions took the longest to complete (median 19.50 s), followed by free text email input (15.00 s). Conclusion: Knowledge of objective user behaviors at a large scale and factors impacting optimal user experience will help enhance the ItRuns workflow and improve future FHx collection.