bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender differences in the effects of methylphenidate on energy intake in young adults: a preliminary study
Authors: Goldfield Gary S. , Lorello Claudio , Cameron Jameason , Chaput Jean-Philippe 
Published: December 2011

The present study examined gender differences in response to methylphenidate (MPH) on energy intake and macronutrient preference. Twelve adults (6 men, 6 women) were given placebo or short-acting MPH (0.5 mg/kg) in a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled crossover fashion. One hour after drug administration, appetite sensations and the relative reinforcing value of energy-dense snack food were measured, followed immediately by energy intake and macronutrient preference during a buffet lunch. Relative to placebo, men exhibited a significantly greater reduction in energy intake, fat intake, and carbohydrate intake after MPH administration compared with women. Future research is needed to verify these initial findings.
Chapter 17 The Kaigas and Numees formations, Port Nolloth Group, in South Africa and Namibia
Authors: Frimmel Hartwig E. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

The Port Nolloth Group makes up the eastern, external part of the Pan-African Gariep Belt (Port Nolloth Zone) in southern Namibia and western South Africa. It contains two glaciogenic diamictite units, the older Kaigas Formation and the younger Numees Formation, with intercalated and overlying carbonate-dominated units. Available chemostratigraphic information include O, C and Sr isotope data. Micropalaeontological and geochronological data point to an early Cryogenian age (
c
. 750 Ma) of the Kaigas Formation and possibly a middle Ediacaran age (
c
. 580 Ma) for the Numees Formation. The former was deposited in an evolving, but eventually failed, continental rift on the western flank of the Kalahari Craton, probably at low latitude. The Numees Formation is a laterally continuous, up to 600-m-thick glaciomarine deposit for which a passive continental margin setting has been suggested. Alternatively, based on more recent data, the depositional setting might have been a back-arc basin. The eroded remnants of the corresponding arc are present in the Dom Feliciano Belt.
Chapter 24 The Neoproterozoic glacial formations of the North and Middle Urals
Authors: Chumakov Nickolay M. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
In the North and Middle Urals, four Neoproterozoic diamictite-dominating units are known: the Churochnaya, Tany and Koyva formations and Lower Starye Pechi Subformation. A glacial origin for the diamictites is indicated by a number of characteristic features such as erratic stones, striated and faceted clasts, shales with dropstones, preferential orientation of elongated stones, the wide distribution and confinement to certain stratigraphic levels of the deposits, and the association with distinct post-glacial dolostones. Most diamictites were deposited in a glaciomarine environment and sourced from an ice sheet on the East European craton. The Churochnaya Formation also contains subordinate terrestrial and probably seasonal sea ice deposits. This formation accumulated on a glaciated continental shelf, while the Tany, Koyva and Starye Pechi formations were deposited on the outer shelf and continental slope of the eastern margin of the East European Craton. The Middle Ural sections contain the White Sea (Ediacaran) Metazoa assemblage, typical late Neoproterozoic microfossils, stromatolite associations, and radiometric dates obtained from volcanic tuffs, granosyenites, trachytes and trachyandesites. The combined data suggest that the Lower Starye Pechi Subformation was deposited in the middle of the Ediacaran Period (Early Vendian). The Churochnaya Formation of the North Urals and the Tany and Koyva formations of the Middle Urals were likely deposited in the late Cryogenian period (Early Vendian).
Chapter 27 The glaciogenic Bol'shoy Patom Formation, Lena River, central Siberia
Authors: Chumakov Nickolay M. , Pokrovsky Boris G. , Melezhik Victor A. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

The Bol'shoy Patom Formation (Fm.) is part of the Upper Precambrian Patom Supergroup, which comprises a siliciclastic and carbonate succession divided into (from base to top) the Ballaganakh, Dal'nyaya Tayga and Zhuya Groups (Gr.). The supergroup was deposited within the bay-like passive margins of the Siberian craton. The Bol'shoy Patom Fm. is the lower unit of the Dal'nyaya Tayga Gr. Massive and stratified diamictites with subordinate sandstones, mudstones, siltstones, conglomerates and conglo-breccias form the Bol'shoy Patom Fm. New biostratigraphic (microfossils of Pertatataka type, Ediacaran fossils) and chemostratigraphic data (
87
Sr/
86
Sr, δ
13
C) point to a Vendian (Late Cryogenian and Ediacaran) age for the Dal'nyaya Tayga and Zhuya Groups. Unsorted diamictite matrix, a very wide range of size and roundness of dispersed erratic clasts, the presence of glacial grooves on boulders, dropstones and till pellets in laminated mudstones and siltstones are all evidence for intense ice rafting and ice-shelf sedimentation in the northeastern part of the Patom basin during deposition of the Bol'shoy Patom Fm.
Chapter 39 The Edwardsburg Formation and related rocks, Windermere Supergroup, central Idaho, USA
Authors: Lund Karen , Aleinikoff John N. , Evans Karl V. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
In central Idaho, Neoproterozoic stratified rocks are engulfed by the Late Cretaceous Idaho batholith and by Eocene volcanic and plutonic rocks of the Challis event. Studied sections in the Gospel Peaks and Big Creek areas of west-central Idaho are in roof pendants of the Idaho batholith. A drill core section studied from near Challis, east-central Idaho, lies beneath the Challis Volcanic Group and is not exposed at the surface. Metamorphic and deformational overprinting, as well as widespread dismembering by the younger igneous rocks, conceals many primary details. Despite this, these rocks provide important links for regional correlations and have produced critical geochronological data for two Neoproterozoic glacial periods in the North American Cordillera.
At the base of the section, the more than 700-m-thick Edwardsburg Formation (Fm.) contains interlayered diamictite and volcanic rocks. There are two diamictite-bearing members in the Edwardsburg Fm. that are closely related in time. Each of the diamictites is associated with intermediate composition tuff or flow rocks and the diamictites are separated by mafic volcanic rocks. SHRIMP U–Pb dating indicates that the lower diamictite is about 685±7 Ma, whereas the upper diamictite is 684±4 Ma. The diamictite units are part of a cycle of rocks from coarse clastic, to fine clastic, to carbonate rocks that, by correlation to better preserved sections, are thought to record an older Cryogenian glacial to interglacial period in the northern US Cordillera.
The more than 75-m-thick diamictite of Daugherty Gulch is dated at 664±6 Ma. This unit is preserved only in drill core and the palaeoenvironmental interpretation and local stratigraphic relations are non-unique. Thus, the date for this diamictite may provide a date for a newly recognized glaciogenic horizon or may be a minimum age for the diamictite in the Edwardsburg Fm.

The
c
. 1000-m-thick Moores Lake Fm. is an amphibolite facies diamictite in which glacial features have not been observed. However, it is part of a sedimentary cycle from unsorted siliclastic deposits to mud and carbonate deposits. Using lithostratigraphy and available geochronology, the Moores Lake Fm. is correlated with a younger succession of Cryogenian glaciogenic rocks in southeastern Idaho.

Traditional correlations of Neoproterozoic rocks in the Cordillera recognize two levels of Cryogenian diamictites. The Edwardsburg and Moores Lake diamictites along the middle Cordillera fit well into the scenario of two glacial events. Because of the correlations, dates that provide ages for the diamictites in central Idaho (and corroborated in southeastern Idaho,
Link & Fanning 2008
) could constrain the age of correlated glaciogenic deposits elsewhere in the Cordillera. However, in the absence of dates for the glaciogenic diamictites in Canadian and southern US Cordilleran sections, the correlations are considered possible but uncertain.
Chapter 56 Neoproterozoic (Cryogenian–Ediacaran) deposits in East and North-East Greenland
Authors: Stouge Svend , Christiansen Jørgen Løye , Harper David A. T. , Houmark-Nielsen Michael , Kristiansen Kasper , MacNiocaill Conall , Buchardt-Westergård Bjørn 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The Neoproterozoic succession of East and North-East Greenland (over 14 000 m thick) includes the Eleonore Bay Supergroup (?Tonian–Cryogenian) and the Tillite Group (Cryogenian–Ediacaran). The upper units of the Eleonore Bay Supergroup consist of shallow to deeper-water carbonates, succeeded by siliciclastic fine-grained sediments (Bedgroup 19) that characterize the top unit of the supergroup.
The Tillite Group includes two diamictite-bearing units (Ulvesø and Storeelv formations) of glaciogenic origin and two upper, upwards-shallowing strata (Canyon and Spiral Creek formations) that were deposited during semiarid conditions and concluded the Neoproterozoic depositional cycle. Diamictite is preserved on the craton and compares with the Storeelv Formation (Fm.) of the Tillite Group.

Detailed investigations of the diamictite-bearing units (i.e. Ulvesø and Storeelv formations) demonstrate that the lower of the two formations is mainly of marine origin, whereas the upper one has both marine and terrestrial origins. Chemostratigraphic data include analyses on total carbon (TC), total organic carbon (TOC), total sulphur (TS) and δ
13
C. The data set for δ
13
C shows a substantial and abrupt shift towards negative values of ≥10%, from below Bedgroup 19. Low-diversity acritarch assemblages (Cryogenian) are recorded from the Andrée Land and Tillite groups; a thin cherty dolostone unit present above the Storeelv Fm. suggests that the diamictite units are of late Cryogenian age and the upper part of the Tillite Group is Ediacaran.

Bedgroup 19 disconformably overlies older carbonates and the unit is a prelude to the succeeding (upper Cryogenian–lower Ediacaran) diamictite sediments of the Tillite Group. A disconformity separates the Tillite Group from the overlying Lower Palaeozoic sediments. Both disconformities are, according to palaeomagnetic data, related to rift–drift episodes that occurred during the late Neoproterozoic. Alternatively, the isotope data suggest that the diamictites were deposited during the late Cryogenian glaciation and the older disconformity may be interpreted as a significant gap developed by the lowering of sea level during an early Cryogenian glaciation.
Chapter 65 Neoproterozoic glacial deposits of the Kimberly Region and northwestern Northern Territory, Australia
Authors: Corkeron Maree 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Neoproterozoic glaciogenic formations are preserved in the Kimberley region and northwestern Northern Territory of northern Australia. They are distributed in the west Kimberley adjacent to the northern margins of the King Leopold Orogen, the Mt Ramsay area at the junction of the King Leopold and Halls Creek orogens, and east Kimberley, adjacent to the eastern margin of the Halls Creek Orogen. Small outlier glaciogenic deposits are preserved in the Litchfield Province, Northern Territory (Uniya Fm.) and Georgina Basin, western Queensland (Little Burke Fm.).

Glaciogenic strata comprise diamictite, conglomerate, sandstone and pebbly mudstone and characterize the Walsh, Landrigan and Fargoo/Moonlight Valley formations. Thin units of laminated dolomite sit conformably at the top of the Walsh, Landrigan and Moonlight Valley formations. Glaciogenic units are also interbedded with the carbonate platform deposits of the Egan Fm. and Boonall Dolomite. δ
13
C data are available for all carbonate units. There is no direct chronological constraint on these successions, and dispute over the regional correlation of the Neoproterozoic succession has been largely resolved through biostratigraphic, chemostratigraphic and lithostratigraphic analysis. However, palaeomagnetic results from the Walsh Fm. are inconsistent with sedimentologically based correlations. Two stratigraphically defined glaciations are preserved in northwestern Australia: the ‘Landrigan Glaciation’, characterized by SW-directed continental ice-sheet movement and correlated with late Cryogenian glaciation elsewhere in Australia and the world; and, the ‘Egan Glaciation’, a more localized glaciation of the Ediacaran Period. Future research focus should include chronology, palaeomagnetic constraint and tectonostratigraphic controls on deposition.
Chapter 70 The Elatina glaciation (late Cryogenian), South Australia
Authors: Williams George E. , Gostin Victor A. , McKirdy David M. , Preiss Wolfgang V. , Schmidt Phillip W. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

Deposits of the late Cryogenian Elatina glaciation constitute the Yerelina Subgroup in the Adelaide Geosyncline region, South Australia. They have a maximum thickness of
c
. 1500 m, cover 200 000 km
2
, and include the following facies: basal boulder diamictite with penetrative glaciotectonites affecting preglacial beds; widespread massive and stratified diamictites containing faceted and striated clasts, some derived from nearby emergent diapiric islands and others of extrabasinal provenance; laminated siltstone and mudstone with dropstones; tidalites and widespread glaciofluvial, deltaic to marine-shelf sandstones; a regolith of frost-shattered quartzite breccia up to 20 m thick that contains primary sand wedges 3+ m deep and other large-scale periglacial forms; and an aeolian sand sheet covering 25 000 km
2
and containing primary sand wedges near its base. These deposits mark a spectrum of settings ranging from permafrost regolith and periglacial aeolian on the cratonic platform (Stuart Shelf) in the present west, through glaciofluvial, marginal-marine and inner marine-shelf in the central parts of the Adelaide Geosyncline, to outer marine-shelf in sub-basins in the present SE and north.

The Elatina glaciation has not been dated directly, and only maximum and minimum age limits of
c
. 640 and 580 Ma, respectively, are indicated. Palaeomagnetic data for red beds from the Elatina Formation (Fm.) and associated strata indicate deposition of the Yerelina Subgroup within 10° of the palaeoequator. The Yerelina Subgroup is unconformably to disconformably overlain by the dolomitic Nuccaleena Fm., which in most places is the lowest unit of the Wilpena Group and marks Early Ediacaran marine transgression.

Supplementary material:

Photographs are available at
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18481
.
Chapter 9 A user's guide to Neoproterozoic geochronology
Authors: Condon Daniel J. , Bowring Samuel A. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Geochronology is essential for understanding Neoproterozoic Earth history. Here we review the types of rocks and minerals that are used to date geologic events and the analytical protocols for the different radio-isotopic decay systems employed. We discuss the limitations and potential of these methodologies for dating Neoproterozoic stratigraphy, highlighting the major sources and magnitudes of uncertainties and the assumptions that often underpin them.
Differential Expression of PDE5 in Failing and Nonfailing Human Myocardium
Authors: Shan Xiaoyin , Quaile Michael P. , Monk Jeffery K. , French Benjamin , Cappola Thomas P. , Margulies Kenneth B. 
Published: December 2011

Background—
Recognizing that inhibitors of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) are increasingly employed in patients with pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular (RV) failure, we examined PDE5 expression in the human RV and its impact on myocardial contractility.

Methods and Results—
Tissue extracts from the RV of 20 patients were assayed for PDE5 expression using immunoblot and immunohistochemical staining. Tissues were selected from groups of nonfailing organ donors and transplant recipients with endstage ischemic cardiomyopathy or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Among dilated cardiomyopathy patients, subgroups with mild or severe RV dysfunction and prior left ventricular assist devices were analyzed separately. Our results showed that PDE5 abundance increased more than 4-fold in the RVs of the ischemic cardiomyopathy compared with the nonfailing group. In dilated cardiomyopathy, PDE5 upregulation was more moderate and varied with the severity of RV dysfunction. Immunohistochemical staining confirmed that cardiac myocytes contributed to the upregulation in the failing hearts. In functional studies, PDE5 inhibition produced little change in developed force in RV trabeculae from nonfailing hearts but produced a moderate increase in RV trabeculae from failing hearts.

Conclusions—
Our results showed the etiology- and severity-dependent upregulation of myocyte PDE5 expression in the RV and the impact of this upregulation on myocardial contractility. These findings suggest that RV PDE5 expression could contribute to the pathogenesis of RV failure, and direct myocardial responses to PDE5 inhibition may modulate the indirect responses mediated by RV afterload reduction.
On the Sensitivity of the Drake Passage Transport to Air–Sea Momentum Flux
Authors: Mazloff Matthew R. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
An eddy-permitting state estimate and its adjoint are used to analyze the influence of wind stress perturbations on the transport of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) system through Drake Passage. The transport is found to be sensitive to wind stress perturbations both along the ACC path and also in remote regions. The time scale of influence of wind stress perturbations is on the order of 100 days. Regarding spatial scales, the sensitivity of transport to wind stress is relatively smooth in regions of flat topography. In boundary regions and regions with complex topography, however, the sensitivity is enhanced and characterized by shorter length scales of order 100 km. Positive perturbations to the zonal wind stress usually increase the ACC transport, though the wind stress curl is of primary influence where the currents are steered by topography. Highlighting locations where the ACC is especially responsive to air–sea momentum fluxes reveals where an accurate determination of atmospheric winds may best enhance ocean modeling efforts.
Significant Winter Weather Events and Associated Socioeconomic Impacts (Federal Aid Expenditures) across Oklahoma: 2000–10
Authors: Grout Trevor , Hong Yang , Basara Jeffrey , Balasundaram Balabhaskar , Kong Zhenyu , Bukkapatnam Satish T. S. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Exceptionally severe winter storms that overwhelm local government result in major disaster declarations. Each National Weather Service forecast office in the United States reports winter events for a specific group of counties, known as the county warning area. Such events are reported as blizzard, ice storm, winter storm, heavy snow, or winter weather. They are archived by the National Climatic Data Center and are published in Storm Data, a monthly periodical. Using Storm Data, all winter reports in Oklahoma from 1 November 1999 to 1 May 2010 were compiled into a database. The results of this study demonstrated that while counties in northern Oklahoma received the highest number of winter reports, when compared with climatology winter storm, heavy snow, ice storm, and blizzard storm types yielded an above-average occurrence across much of southwest and central Oklahoma over the study period.
Disaster information, obtained from the Federal Emergency Management Agency, showed that from 1 November 1999 to 1 May 2010 Oklahoma led the nation with nine winter-related federal disasters, resulting in nearly $800 million (U.S. dollars) in federal aid. High-impact events, determined by disaster declarations, were most frequent across southwest, central, and northeast Oklahoma, and southwest Oklahoma experienced a disaster nearly every third winter event. Over much of Oklahoma, ice storms were more likely to result in a disaster than winter storm, blizzard, and heavy snow events combined. Spatial distributions of federal aid showed that rural counties were most impacted by the winter weather disasters and required greater federal assistance.
Risk factors associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension in patients with systemic sclerosis and implications for screening
Authors: Denton C.P. , Hachulla E. 
Published: December 2011

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a relatively common complication of systemic sclerosis (SSc) affecting 5–12% of patients, and its development is associated with significant morbidity and a particularly poor prognosis. Deaths associated with other complications of SSc, such as renal crisis, have fallen significantly in recent years in line with improvements in their treatment and management. However, mortality due to PAH in this population, although improved, has shown a less dramatic decline.The early diagnosis of PAH in SSc would allow for earlier treatment, before functional and haemodynamic impairment becomes severe; this may further improve outcome, and evidence suggests that screening of SSc patients for PAH is associated with improved survival.In addition, patients with PAH associated with SSc are not a homogeneous population and they differ in terms of disease haemodynamic severity, functional capacity and rate of disease progression. Likewise, management strategies may differ, and the ability to stratify patients may help optimise screening and treatment. A number of patient-, clinical- and disease-specific risk factors associated with the development and prognosis of PAH in SSc have been identified, but their optimal use, alone or in combination, in screening and stratification of patients remains to be established.
PB1-F2 Finder: scanning influenza sequences for PB1-F2 encoding RNA segments
Authors: DeLuca David S , Keskin Derin B , Zhang Guang Lan , Reinherz Ellis L , Brusic Vladimir 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

Background
PB1-F2 is a major virulence factor of influenza A. This protein is a product of an alternative reading frame in the PB1-encoding RNA segment 2. Its presence of is dictated by the presence or absence of premature stop codons. This virulence factor is present in every influenza pandemic and major epidemic of the 20th century. Absence of PB1-F2 is associated with mild disease, such as the 2009 H1N1 (“swine flu”).

Results
The analysis of 8608 segment 2 sequences showed that only 8.5% have been annotated for the presence of PB1-F2. Our analysis indicates that 75% of segment 2 sequences are likely to encode PB1-F2. Two major populations of PB1-F2 are of lengths 90 and 57 while minor populations include lengths 52, 63, 79, 81, 87, and 101. Additional possible populations include the lengths of 59, 69, 81, 95, and 106. Previously described sequences include only lengths 57, 87, and 90. We observed substantial variation in PB1-F2 sequences where certain variants show up to 35% difference to well-defined reference sequences. Therefore this dataset indicates that there are many more variants that need to be functionally characterized.

Conclusions
Our web-accessible tool PB1-F2 Finder enables scanning of influenza sequences for potential PB1-F2 protein products. It provides an initial screen and annotation of PB1-F2 products. It is accessible at http://cvc.dfci.harvard.edu/pb1-f2.