bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nodular structure of isotactic polypropylene crystallizes from the melt
Authors: Mubarak Yousef A. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis article highlights the melt crystallization behavior of different grades of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) using a hot‐stage polarizing optical microscopy. iPP samples were heated up at a heating rate of 10°C/min passing the melting temperature and then kept for 3 min at a temperature range of 175–200°C before they cooled rapidly at 40°C/min to crystallize isothermally at a range of 130–145°C. It has been found that the temperature at which the samples were kept has a strong effect on the crystallization mode; for samples heated up and kept at temperatures below 190°C, the crystallization started with thin and long rods or nodules, which grew in the circumferential direction only while their lengths remain unchanged as the time passed. The shape of the nodules can be straight, circular, branched, or entangled, and they can grow parallel to each other or they can be crossed or in a random way. This phenomenon disappeared completely for samples melted and kept at temperatures above 195°C. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Microarray expression profiling of Spodoptera litura in response to oxidative stress
Authors: Yun Eun‐Young , Hwang Jae‐Sam , Yoon Young‐Il , Ahn Mi‐Young , Kim Nam‐Jung , Kwon O‐Yu , Lee Won‐Jae , Goo Tae‐Won 
Published: June 2011

AbstractTo examine the expression profile of oxidative stress responsive genes in Spodoptera litura, we constructed a cDNA library from S. litura injected with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Using a microarray chip composed of 2,964 cDNAs, we screened gene expression at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 h post H2O2 injection. Data were clustered into 15 groups of genes that behave similarly across each time course. Seventy‐three genes were identified as being at least twofold up‐ or downregulated after treatment with H2O2 in S. litura. We constructed expressed sequence tags (ESTs) for genes that changed at least twofold after treatment with H2O2. The functional classification of these ESTs based on Gene Ontology showed that the ESTs are rich in genes involved in oxidoreductase activity (5.7%), defense (14.3%), cellular process (22.9%), and development (17.1%). © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Immunohistological localization of serotonin in the CNS and feeding system of the stable fly STOMOXYS CALCITRANS L. (Diptera: Muscidae)
Authors: Liu Samuel S. , Li Andrew Y. , Witt Colleen M. , Pérez de León Adalberto A. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractSerotonin, or 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT), plays critical roles as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator that control or modulate many behaviors in insects, such as feeding. Neurons immunoreactive (IR) to 5‐HT were detected in the central nervous system (CNS) of the larval and adult stages of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, using an immunohistological technique. The location and pattern of the 5‐HT IR neurons are described and compared for these two different developmental stages. Anatomical features of the fly feeding system were analyzed in third instar larvae and adult flies using a combination of histological and immunohistological techniques. In third instar larvae, the cibarial dilator muscles were observed within the cibarial pump skeleton and innervated by 5‐HT IR neurons in nerves arising from the brain. There were four pairs of nerves arising from the frontal surface of the larval brain that innervate the cibarial pump muscles, pharynx, and muscles controlling the mouth hooks. A strong serotoninergic innervation of the anterior stomatogastric system was observed, which suggests 5‐HT may play a role in the coordination of different phases of food ingestion by larvae. Similarly, many 5‐HT IR neurons were found in both the brain and the thoracico‐abdominal ganglia in the adult, some of which innervate the cibarial pump dilator muscles and the stomatogastric muscles. This is tnhe first report describing neuromuscular structures of the stable fly feeding system. The results reported here suggest 5‐HT may play a critical role in feeding behaviors of stable fly larvae and adults. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cloning and characterization of the Bombyx mori ecdysone oxidase
Authors: Yang Hua‐Jun , Wang Mei‐Xian , Zhang Peng , Sabhat Awquib , Malik Firdose Ahmad , Bhaskar Roy , Zhou Fang , Li Xing‐Hua , Hu Jia‐Biao , Sun Chun‐Guang , Niu Yan‐Shan , Miao Yun‐Gen 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe physiological titer of molting hormones in insects depends on relative activities of synthesis and degradation pathways. Ecdysone oxidase (EO) is a key enzyme in the inactivation of ecdysteroid. However, there are only a few reports on ecdysteroid inactivation and its enzymes in silkworm. In this study, we cloned and characterized the Bombyx mori EO (BmEO). The BmEO cDNA contains an ORF of 1,695 bp and the deduced protein sequence contains 564 amino acid residues. The deduced protein sequence contains two functional domains of glucose–methanol–choline oxidoreductase in N‐terminal and C‐terminal. Comparing the expression levels of BmEO in different tissues, high transcription was mainly present in hemocytes. Reduced expression of this enzyme is expected to lead to pathological accumulation of ecdysone in the hemolymph of silkworm larvae or pupae. Our data show that RNA inference of BmEO transcripts resulted in the accumulation of ecdysteroid and death of larvae or pupae. We infer that EO is a crucial element in the physiology of insect development. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cloning and expression analysis of a muscarinic cholinergic receptor from the brain of ant, Polyrhachis vicina
Authors: Lü Shu‐Min , Zhao Zhuo , Li Ke , Zhang Ya‐Lin , Xi Geng‐Si 
Published: June 2011

AbstractMuscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAchRs) are the predominant cholinergic receptors in the central and peripheral nervous systems of animals. They also have been found in various insect nervous systems. In this article, a full‐length cDNA of a pupative mAchR (PmAchR) was obtained from the brains of ant Polyrhachis vicina by homology cloning in combination with rapid amplification of cDNA ends. PmAchR encodes a 599‐amino acid protein that exhibits a high degree of homology with other mAchRs. Real‐time quantitative RT‐PCR analysis showed that PmAchR is differentially expressed in the brains of workers, males, and females. By in situ hybridization, it is revealed that PmAchR is widely expressed in different soma clusters of the brain, including the mushroom bodies, the antennal lobes, as well as the optic lobes (OL), and the most intensely staining is found in Kenyon cells. Nonetheless, there are more positive nerve fibers in the OL of males' brains than in females' and workers' brains. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dispersible Shortened Boron Nitride Nanotubes with Improved Molecule‐Loading Capacity
Authors: Zhi Chunyi , Hanagata Nobutaka , Bando Yoshio , Golberg Dmitri 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe oxidation process of boron nitride nanotubes was thoroughly investigated, and a slow oxidation characteristic was clearly revealed. Subsequently, the controllable oxidation process was utilized to break the sturdy structure of the boron nitride nanotubes to fabricate shortened nanotubes. The shortened boronnitride nanotubes were found to possess good solubility in water and many organic solvents. Further experiments demonstrated remarkably improved molecule‐loading capacity of the shortened boron nitride nanotubes. These dispersible shortened boron nitride nanotubes might have the potential to be developed as effective delivery systems for various molecules, which may find applications in bio‐related fields.
Adsorption of N719 Dye on Anatase TiO2 Nanoparticles and Nanosheets with Exposed (001) Facets: Equilibrium, Kinetic, and Thermodynamic Studies
Authors: Fan Jiajie , Cai Weiquan , Yu Jiaguo 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAnatase TiO2 nanosheets (TiO2 NS) with dominant (001) facets and TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2 NP) with dominant (101) facets are fabricated by hydrothermal hydrolysis of Ti(OC4H9)4 in the presence and absence of hydrogen fluoride (HF), respectively. Adsorption of N719 onto the as‐prepared samples from ethanol solutions is investigated and discussed. The adsorption kinetic data are modeled using the pseudo‐first‐order, pseudo‐second‐order, and intraparticle diffusion kinetics equations, and indicate that the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic equation and intraparticle diffusion model can better describe the adsorption kinetics. Furthermore, adsorption equilibrium data of N719 on the as‐prepared samples are analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich models; this suggests that the Langmuir model provides a better correlation of the experimental data. The adsorption capacities (qmax) of N719 on TiO2 NS at various temperatures, determined using the Langmuir equation, are 65.2 (30 °C), 68.2 (40 °C), and 76.6 (50 °C) mg g−1, which are smaller than those on TiO2 NP, 92.4 (30 °C), 100.0 (40 °C), and 108.2 (50 °C) mg g−1, respectively. The larger adsorption capacities of N719 for TiO2 NP versus NS are attributed to its higher specific surface areas. However, the specific adsorption capacities (qmax/SBET) at various temperatures are 1.5 (30 °C), 1.6 (40 °C), and 1.7 (50 °C) mg m−2 for TiO2 NS, which are otherwise higher than those for NP, 0.9 (30 °C), 1.0 (40 °C), and 1.1 (50 °C) mg m−2, respectively. The larger specific adsorption capacities of N719 for TiO2 NS versus NP are because the (001) surface is more reactive for dissociative adsorption of reactant molecules compared with (101) facets. Notably, the qmax and qmax/SBET for both TiO2 samples increase with increasing temperature, suggesting that adsorption of N719 on the TiO2 surface is an endothermic process, which is further confirmed by the calculated thermodynamic parameters including free energy, enthalpy, and entropy of adsorption process. The present work will provide a new understanding on the adsorption process and mechanism of N719 molecules onto TiO2 NS and NP, and this should be of great importance for enhancing the performance of dye‐sensitized solar cells.
Bemessung von tragenden Bauteilen aus Kunststoffen im Bauwesen — die neue BÜV‐Empfehlung TKB (2010‐08)
Authors: Krahwinkel Manuel , Gehmert Christian 
Published: June 2011

AbstractFaserverstärkte Kunststoffe werden immer häufiger als tragende Bauteile im Bauwesen verwendet. Der Beitrag beleuchtet kurz aktuelle Anwendungsschwerpunkte und die geforderten Eigenschaften der Werkstoffe. Mit der BÜV‐Empfehlung “Tragende Kunststoffbauteile im Bauwesen” (2010‐08) wird eine Hilfestellung für Tragwerksplaner und Prüfingenieure für die statische Berechnung und Bemessung von Tragwerken aus Kunststoffen vorgestellt. Es wird dabei besonders auf die Nachweise der Dauerstandfestigkeit und auf die Analogie zu den Nachweiskonzepten im Ingenieurholzbau eingegangen. Ein einfaches Bemessungsbeispiel für ein Dachtragwerk aus glasfaserverstärktem Polyesterharz rundet den Beitrag ab.The new BÜV‐code for structural design of polymers in load bearing structures (2010‐08). Fibre‐reinforced polymer composites (FRP) have found a growing market in the construction sector. In special fields of application FRP offer high strength to weight ratio, excellent corrosion resistance, high thermal insulation and electrical isolation. With the BÜV‐code ”polymers in load bearing structures” (2010‐08) a guideline for structural analysis and design of FRP is presented. Special focus is laid on the ”duration of load”‐effect and the necessary design checks compared with the codes for timber structures. The paper ends with a short worked example of the structural design of a FRP‐beam used as load bearing structure in a roof.
Bebauung der Ericusspitze in Hamburg
Authors: Böttcher Christian , Nagel Werner , Schreiber Raphael 
Published: June 2011

AbstractDie dreiseitig vom Wasser umschlossene Ericusspitze ist nach wechselvoller Geschichte heute das nordöstliche Tor zum neuen Stadtteil HafenCity. Der dort neu angesiedelte Hauptsitz des Nachrichtenmagazins “Der Spiegel” ist mit 15 Obergeschossen zudem einer der bedeutenden Hochpunkte der HafenCity. Zusammen mit dem benachbarten Ericus‐Contor, dessen 11 Obergeschosse ebenfalls überwiegend als Büro genutzt werden, konnte ein architektonisch hochwertiges Ensemble mit Vorbildcharakter auch für das nachhaltige Bauen geformt werden. Beide Gebäude stehen auf einem gemeinsamen zweigeschossigen Warftsockel in fugenloser WU‐Bauweise, der wesentlich zur Integration in das historische Umfeld beiträgt.Für die bereits sehr frühzeitig einbezogene Tragwerksplanung waren seit der Investorenauswahl und des internationalen Architektenwettbewerbes besondere technische und terminliche Herausforderungen zu meistern. Insbesondere tiefe Vor‐ und Rücksprünge in der Kubatur des Spiegel‐Verlages und weitgespannte Brückengeschosse im Ericus‐Contor erforderten ungewöhnliche Lösungen. Dies galt auch für die Pfahlgründung, bei der zahlreiche Zeitzeugen im Untergrund und neu eingebrachte Verpressanker aus einer parallel durchgeführten Sanierung und Ertüchtigung der das Grundstück einfassenden alten Kaimauern sowie eine außergewöhnliche terminliche Situation zu berücksichtigen waren. Die große Baugrube direkt am tideoffenen Elbwasser konnte durch enge tragwerksplanerische Vorgaben z. B. zur Höhenentwicklung des Rohbaus und unter Ausnutzung der örtlichen Gegebenheiten ohne umlaufenden Spundwandkasten und ohne aufwendige Wasserhaltung kostengünstig realisiert werden.
Fructooligosaccharides suppress high‐fat diet‐induced fat accumulation in C57BL/6J mice
Authors: Nakamura Yuko , Natsume Midori , Yasuda Akiko , Ishizaka Mihoko , Kawahata Keiko , Koga Jinichiro 
Published: June 2011

AbstractTwo experiments were performed to examine the effects of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) on the development of obesity. In the first experiment, Wistar rats were orally administered a 2.5 g/kg body weight lipid emulsion containing FOS, and the subsequent elevation of plasma triglycerides was significantly suppressed compared with that in rats receiving lipid emulsion alone. In the second experiment, C57BL/6J male mice were fed a high‐fat “western” diet with or without 2.5% FOS supplementation (n = 10/group) ad libitum for 12 weeks. Body weight and percent body fat were lower in mice fed FOS than in controls. Furthermore, the weight of the visceral adipose tissue, and the weight and triglyceride content of the liver were significantly lower in the high‐fat + FOS group. Fecal excretion of lipids was markedly enhanced by FOS consumption. These results indicate that dietary FOS suppress high‐fat diet‐induced body fat accumulation, and inhibit intestinal absorption of dietary fat.
Coenzyme Q10, endothelial function, and cardiovascular disease
Authors: Littarru Gian Paolo , Tiano Luca , Belardinelli Romualdo , Watts Gerald F. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractSince the time a precise role of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in myocardial bioenergetics was established, the involvement of CoQ in the pathophysiology of heart failure was hypothesized. This provided the rationale for numerous clinical trials of CoQ10 as adjunctive treatment for heart failure. A mild hypotensive effect of CoQ was reported in the early years of clinical use of this compound. We review early human and animal studies on the vascular effects of CoQ. We then focus on endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes and the possible impact on this condition of antioxidants and nutritional supplements, and in particular the therapeutic effects of CoQ. The effect of CoQ10 on endothelial dysfunction in ischemic heart disease is also reviewed together with recent data highlighting that treatment with CoQ10 increases extracellular SOD activity.
Human neural tube defects: Genetic causes and prevention
Authors: De Marco Patrizia , Merello Elisa , Cama Armando , Kibar Zoha , Capra Valeria 
Published: June 2011

AbstractNeural tube defects (NTDs) are severe congenital malformations affecting 1–2 in 1,000 live births, whose etiology is multifactorial, involving environmental and genetic factors. NTDs arise as consequence of the failure of fusion of the neural tube early during embryogenesis. NTDs' pathogenesis has been linked to genes involved in folate metabolism, consistent with an epidemiologic evidence that 70% of NTDs can be prevented by maternal periconceptional supplementation. However, polymorphisms in such genes are not linked in all populations, suggesting that other genetic factors and environmental factors could be involved. Animal models have provided crucial mechanistic information and possible candidate genes to explain susceptibility to NTDs. A crucial role has been assigned to the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway, a highly conserved, non‐canonical Wnt‐frizzled‐dishevelled signaling cascade that plays a key role in establishing and maintaining polarity in the plane of the epithelium and in the process of convergent extension during gastrulation and neurulation in vertebrates. The Loop‐tail (Lp) mouse that develops craniorachischisis carry missense mutations in the PCP core gene Vangl2, that is the mammalian homolog of the Drosophila Strabismus/Van gogh (Stbm/Vang). The presence of mutations in human VANGL1 and VANGL2 genes encourages us to extend the investigation to other PCP genes that, with VANGL, play an essential role in neurulation during development.
AnatomicalTerms.info: Heading for an online solution to the anatomical synonym problem hurdles in data‐reuse from theTerminologia Anatomicaand the foundational model of anatomy and potentials for future development
Authors: Gobée O. Paul , Jansma Daniël , DeRuiter Marco C. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe many synonyms for anatomical structures confuse medical students and complicate medical communication. Easily accessible translations would alleviate this problem. None of the presently available resources—Terminologia Anatomica(TA), digital terminologies such as the Foundational Model of Anatomy (FMA), and websites—are fully satisfactory to this aim. Internet technologies offer new possibilities to solve the problem. Several authors have called for an online TA. An online translation resource should be easily accessible, user‐friendly, comprehensive, expandable, and its quality determinable. As first step towards this goal, we built a translation website that we namedwww.AnatomicalTerms.info, based on the database of the FMA. It translates between English, Latin, eponyms, and to a lesser extent other languages, and presently contains over 31,000 terms for 7,250 structures, covering 95% of TA. In addition, it automatically presents searches for images, documents and anatomical variations regarding the sought structure. Several terminological and conceptual issues were encountered in transferring data from TA and FMA into AnatomicalTerms.info, resultant from these resources' different set‐ups (paper versus digital) and targets (machine versus human‐user). To the best of our knowledge, AnatomicalTerms.info is unique in its combination of user‐friendliness and comprehensiveness. As next step, wiki‐like expandability will be added to enable open contribution of clinical synonyms and terms in different languages. Specific quality measures will be taken to strike a balance between open contribution and quality assurance. AnatomicalTerms.info's mechanism that “translates” terms to structures furthermore may enhance targeted searching by linking images, descriptions, and other anatomical resources to the structures. Clin. Anat. 24:817–830, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rational Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, Homology and Docking Studies of Coumarin Derivatives as α1‐Adrenoceptor Antagonists
Authors: Zhou Xiang , Chen Ya‐Dong , Wang Tao , Wang Xiao‐Bing , Kong Ling‐Yi 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAccording to a three‐point pharmacophore for some uro‐selective α1‐adrenoceptor (AR) antagonists, a novel class of coumarin (=2H‐1‐benzopyran‐2‐one) derivatives have been successfully designed and synthesized with high efficacies for α1‐AR. These synthesized coumarin derivatives exhibited high efficacies towards α1‐AR in in vitro pharmacological assays. Compared with prazosin (pKi value of 8.77), among those coumarins, tolylpiperazine‐substituted derivatives, 7 and 8, have comparable pKi values of 8.81 and 8.77, respectively. The trend in efficacies of these coumarin derivatives towards α1A‐adrenoceptor was further rationalized by intensive molecular docking. Our work demonstrated that the designed coumarin derivatives can inhibit α1‐AR in vitro. These findings will provide a guide for further studies of the medical therapy of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
Lyonin A, a New 9,10‐Secograyanotoxin from Lyonia ovalifolia
Authors: Wu Zhao‐Yuan , Li Hai‐Zhou , Wang Wei‐Guang , Li Hong‐Mei , Chen Rui , Li Rong‐Tao , Luo Huai‐Rong 
Published: June 2011

AbstractPhytochemical studies on the branches and leaves of Lyonia ovalifolia yielded a new grayanane diterpenoid, lyonin A (1), together with two known compounds, secorhodomollolides A and D (2 and 3, resp.). The structure of 1 was elucidated by combination of 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR, and MS analyses. Compound 1 turned out to be a new, highly O‐acylated grayanane diterpenoid, of which ring B has undergone an oxidative cleavage between C(9) and C(10), yielding a system differing from the previously reported grayanane type with a 5/7/6/5 ring system. Results of the cAMP regulation activity assay showed that compounds 2 and 3 at 50 μM induced a significantly decreased cAMP level in N1E‐115 neuroblastoma cells (p<0.001), indicating neuropharmacological potential.
Isolation of Novel Phenolic Compounds with Multidrug Resistance (MDR) Reversal Properties from Onychium japonicum
Authors: Li Ming‐Chan , Yao Zhi , Takaishi Yoshihisa , Tang Shen‐An , Duan Hong‐Quan 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe isolated seven novel compounds, namely, 3′,4′,6‐trihydroxy‐2,4‐dimethoxy‐3‐(3″,4″‐dihydroxybenzyl)chalcone (1), 3′,6‐dihydroxy‐2,4,4′‐trimethoxy‐3‐(3″,4″‐dihydroxybenzyl)chalcone (2), α,β‐dihydro‐3′,6‐dihydroxy‐2,4,6′‐trimethoxy‐3‐(3″,4″‐dihydroxybenzyl)chalcone (3), 3′,4,4′‐trihydroxy‐2,6‐dimethoxychalcone (4), 4′,5,7‐trihydroxy‐6‐(3″,4″‐dihydroxybenzyl)flavone (5), 3‐(3′,4′‐dihydroxybenzyl)‐6,7‐dihydroxycoumarin (6), 3‐(3′,4′‐dihydroxyphenyl)‐3,4‐dihydroisocoumarin (7), as well as a known compound, 3′,4′,7‐trihydroxy‐5‐methoxyflavanone (8) from the whole grass of Onychium japonicum, and elucidated their structures by spectroscopic methods. Compounds 1–3 exhibited significant multidrug resistance (MDR) reversal effects on MCF‐7/ADR and Bel‐7402/5‐Fu cell lines.
Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activities of Different Polysaccharides from the Roots of Angelica dahurica
Authors: Xu Shi‐Fang , Ye Yi‐Ping , Li Xiao‐Yu , Chen Feng‐Yang 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe total crude polysaccharides (CADPs), isolated from the roots of Angelica dahurica by H2O extraction, EtOH precipitation, and dialysis, and the four fractions ADP1, ADP2, ADP3, and ADP4, obtained by gel filtration of the CADPs, were analyzed to characterize their composition and evaluated for their antioxidant activity using different in vitro tests such as the malondialdehyde (MDA)‐production, the ferrous ion (Fe2+)‐chelating, and the HO. radical‐scavenging assays. The predominant neutral monosaccharides in the four fractions were identified as arabinose, galactose, and glucose, while the composition and ratio of the monosaccharides were different between the fractions. The CADPs and its fractions were found to significantly inhibit lipid peroxidation, chelate Fe2+, and scavenge HO. radicals, indicating that these polysaccharides possessed antioxidant activity. Among the four fractions, ADP4 exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity, which was stronger than that of the control antioxidant vitamin E (Vit E). Taken together, the chemical composition of these polysaccharides might affect their antioxidant activity, and ADP4 could be explored as a source of potential novel natural antioxidants for food and pharmaceutical purposes.