bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of microstructure on the cross‐plane oxygen ion conductivity of yttria stabilized zirconia thin films
Authors: Schlupp Meike V. F. , Scherrer Barbara , Ma Huan , Grolig Jan G. , Martynczuk Julia , Prestat Michel , Gauckler Ludwig J. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe electrical cross‐plane conductivity of 8 mol% yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) thin films prepared by different deposition techniques, namely aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition, wet spray pyrolysis (SP), and pulsed laser deposition (PLD), is correlated with their microstructure. Depending on deposition technique and process conditions, microstructures ranging from amorphous to randomly oriented nanocrystalline or columnar with preferred (111) orientation are obtained. Cross‐plane AC impedance measurements of these thin films show that the oxygen ion conductivity of randomly oriented nanocrystalline samples is determined by the grain boundaries, which show significantly lower transport properties than the grain interior. In columnar microstructures, the conductivity is determined by ionic transport through the grains only. The same conduction behavior is found for amorphous and randomly oriented microstructures with grain sizes between 3 nm and 9 nm, indicating that no true size effects occur in 8 mol% YSZ. magnified imageGrain and grain boundary conductivity determined for nanocrystalline 8 mol% yttria stabilized zirconia thin films of different microstructures.
Direct fabrication of microelectrodes on a polymer substrate using selective ultrashort pulsed laser ablation of inkjet‐printed Ag lines
Authors: Lee S. H. , Lee D. J. , Lee C. K. , Lee Y. H. , Wereley S. T. , Oh J. H. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAn inkjet‐based ultrashort pulsed laser patterning on a polymer substrate is presented with high‐laser scanning speeds. The effects of the laser processing parameters on the ablation characteristics were studied to accomplish damage‐free laser ablation. Laser ablation characteristics depend on input energy, scanning speed, and number of scans. Final width of microelectrodes can be flexibly controlled by multiple selective ablations. Well‐defined, uniform microelectrodes without damaging their microstructure, and the underlying polymer substrate are demonstrated via a direct pattering process combining inkjet printing with ultrashort pulsed laser ablation. These microelectrodes exhibit little influence of thermal effect of laser ablation, resulting in little variation in their electrical performances. magnified image
Reconstructing interference fringes in slit experiments by complex quantum trajectories
Authors: Yang Ciann‐Dong , Su Kuan‐Chang 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThere are external and internal representations for a quantum state Ψ. External representation is commonly adopted in the standard quantum mechanics by exploiting probability density function Ψ*Ψ to explain the observed interference fringes in slit experiments. On the other hand, in quantum Hamilton mechanics, the quantum state Ψ has a dynamical representation that reveals the internal mechanism underlying the externally observed interference fringes. The internal representation of Ψ is described by a set of Hamilton equations of motion, by which quantum trajectories of a particle moving in Ψ can be solved. In this article, millions of complex quantum trajectory connecting slits to a screen are solved from the Hamilton equations, and the statistical distribution of their arrivals on the screen is shown to reproduce the observed interference fringes. This appears to be the first quantitative verification of the equivalence between the trajectory‐based statistics and the wavefunction‐based statistics on slit experiments. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In vivo metabolic investigation of moxifloxacin using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry in combination with online hydrogen/deuterium exchange experiments
Authors: Raju B. , Ramesh M. , Borkar Roshan M. , Srinivas R. , Padiya Raju , Banerjee Sanjay K. 
Published: July 2012

RATIONALETuberculosis is a leading cause of death from an infectious disease and moxifloxacin is an effective drug as compared to other fluoroquinolones. To date only two metabolites of the drug are known. Therefore, the present study on characterization of hitherto unknown in vivo metabolites of moxifloxacin using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI‐MS/MS) is undertaken.METHODSIn vivo metabolites of moxifloxacin have been identified and characterized by using LC/ESI‐MS/MS in combination with an online hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) exchange technique. To identify in vivo metabolites, blood, urine and faeces samples were collected after oral administration of moxifloxacin to Sprague–Dawley rats. The samples were prepared using an optimized sample preparation approach involving protein precipitation, liquid‐liquid extraction followed by solid‐phase extraction and LC/MS/MS analysis.RESULTSA total of nine phase I and ten phase II metabolites of moxifloxacin have been identified in urine samples including N‐sulphated, glucuronide and hydroxylated metabolites which are also observed in plasma samples. In faeces samples, only the N‐sulphated metabolite is observed. The structures of metabolites have been elucidated based on fragmentation patterns, accurate mass measurements and online H/D exchange LC/MS/MS experiments. Online H/D exchange experiments are used to support the identification and structural characterization of drug metabolites.CONCLUSIONSA total of 19 in vivo metabolites of moxifloxacin have been characterized using LC/ESI‐MS/MS in combination with accurate mass measurements and online H/D exchange experiments. The main phase I metabolites of moxifloxacin are hydroxylated, decarbonylated, desmethylated and desmethylhydroxylated metabolites which undergo subsequent phase II glucuronidation pathways. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Studies in search of selective detection of isomeric biogenic hexen‐1‐ols and hexanal by flowing afterglow tandem mass spectrometry using [H3O]+ and [NO]+ reagent ions
Authors: Dhooghe Frederik , Vansintjan Robbe , Schoon Niels , Amelynck Crist 
Published: July 2012

RATIONALEPlants emit a blend of oxygenated volatile C6 compounds, known as green leaf volatiles (GLVs), in response to leaf tissue damage related to stress conditions. On‐line chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CI‐MS) techniques have often been used to study the dynamics of these emissions but they fail to selectively detect some important GLV compounds.METHODSA flowing afterglow tandem mass spectrometer (FA‐TMS) was used to investigate the feasibility of selective on‐line detection of isomeric hexen‐1‐ols and hexanal. Product ions at m/z 101 and 83 from chemical ionization (CI) of these compounds by [H3O]+, and product ions at m/z 100, 99, 83, 82 and 72 from CI by [NO]+, have been subjected to collision‐induced dissociation (CID) in the collision cell of the TMS at center‐of‐mass energies ranging between 0 and 9 eV.RESULTSCID of product ions at m/z 101 and 83 from CI of GLVs with [H3O]+ and of product ions at m/z 83, 82 and 72 from CI of GLVs with [NO]+ resulted in identical fragmentation patterns for all measured compounds, ruling out any selectivity. However, CID of product ions at m/z 100 and 99 from CI by [NO]+ led to CID product ions with abundances differing largely between the compounds, allowing the fast selective detection of 2‐hexen‐1‐ols, 3‐hexen‐1‐ols and hexanal with a chosen accuracy within a well‐defined range of relative concentrations.CONCLUSIONSThis research illustrates that, in contrast to common CI‐MS techniques, FA‐TMS allows the selective detection of hexanal in a mixture of hexanal and hexen‐1‐ols with a chosen accuracy for a well‐defined range of relative concentrations and represents a step forward in the search for selective detection of GLVs in CI‐TMS. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Backbone fragmentations of [M–H]– anions from peptides. Reinvestigation of the mechanism of the beta prime cleavage
Authors: Wang Tianfang , Tran T. T. Nha , Calabrese Antonio N. , Bowie John H. 
Published: July 2012

RATIONALEAn experimental study has shown that the structure of a β' ion proposed earlier is incorrect. Backbone cleavage β' anions have structures R(NH–) from systems [[RNHCH(X)CONHCH(Y)CO2H (or C‐terminal CONH2) – H]– (where R is the rest of the peptide molecule and X and Y represent the α side chains of the individual amino acid residues).METHODSAb initio calculations were carried out at the CAM‐B3LYP/6‐311++g(d,p) level of theory.CONCLUSIONSThe calculations suggest that RNH– ions are formed by SNi cyclisation processes involving either (i) the C‐terminal CO2– or C‐terminal [CONH]– as appropriate, or (ii) an enolate ion [‐NHC–(Y)‐] cyclising at the backbone CH of the ‐CH(X)‐ group. Concomitant C–N bond cleavage then liberates an RNH– ion, processes which can occur along the peptide backbone. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Platinum vapor deposition surface‐assisted laser desorption/ionization for imaging mass spectrometry of small molecules
Authors: Kawasaki Hideya , Ozawa Tomoyuki , Hisatomi Hirotaka , Arakawa Ryuichi 
Published: July 2012

RATIONALEMatrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) allows for the simultaneous detection and imaging of several molecules in a sample. However, when using an organic matrix in the MALDI‐IMS of small molecules, inhomogeneous matrix crystallization may yield poorly reproducible peaks in the mass spectra. We describe a solvent‐free approach that employs a homogeneously deposited metal nanoparticle layer (or film) for small‐molecule detection.METHODSPlatinum vapor deposition surface‐assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry (Pt vapor deposition SALDI‐IMS) of small molecules was performed as a solvent‐free and organic‐matrix‐free method. A commercially available magnetron sputtering device was used for Pt deposition. Vapor deposition of Pt produced a homogenous layer of nanoparticles over the surface of the target imaging sample.RESULTSThe effectiveness of Pt vapor deposition SALDI‐IMS was demonstrated for the direct detection of small analytes of inkjet ink on printed paper as well as for various other analytes (saccharides, pigments, and drugs) separated by thin‐layer chromatography (TLC), without the need for extraction or concentration processes. The advantage of choosing Pt instead of Au in SALDI‐IMS was also shown.CONCLUSIONSA solvent‐free approach involving the direct deposition of Pt on samples (SALDI‐IMS) is effective for the analysis of inkjet‐printed papers and various analytes separated by TLC. This method would be useful in imaging analyses of various insulating materials such as polymers and biological materials. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid differentiation of nucleotide phosphoramidate diastereomers by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Bao Donghui , Reddy P. Ganapati , Ross Bruce S. , Sofia Michael J. 
Published: July 2012

RATIONALENucleotide phosphoramidates are prodrugs which effectively deliver the active nucleotide to target tissues. It was shown that the individual phosphoramidate diastereomers have different antiviral activity, although the active nucleotide is the same. Therefore, a fast and simple analytical method is needed to characterize the individual diastereomeric phosphoramidate prodrugs.METHODSStock solutions of diastereomeric nucleotide phosphoramidate prodrugs, i.e., 5′‐phosphate derivatives of the β‐D‐2′‐deoxy‐2′‐α‐fluoro‐2′‐β‐C‐methyluridine nucleotide, were made in 25% acetonitrile to achieve a final concentration of 10 µg/mL. The samples were studied using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS/MS).RESULTSThe MS/MS spectra of diastereomeric pairs showed substantial differences in the relative abundances of a characteristic ion in negative mode, which is proposed to be a cyclic phosphoramidate ion. Results were confirmed by the MS/MS spectrum of an analog without the NH proton and deuterium exchange experiment. Furthermore, the diastereomer‐specific fragmentation behavior in negative ESI‐MS was used to characterize a series of nucleotide phosphoramidates with different amino acid and aromatic substituents.CONCLUSIONSAn HPLC/MS/MS method was developed for the differentiation of the diastereomers of phosphoramidate prodrugs. In negative mode MS/MS spectra, the cyclic phosphoramidate ions yielded unambiguous distinction. This method presented a rapid and simple way for the characterization of nucleotide phosphoramidates. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrophoretic Build‐Up of Alternately Multilayered Films and Micropatterns Based on Graphene Sheets and Nanoparticles and their Applications in Flexible Supercapacitors
Authors: Niu Zhiqiang , Du Jianjun , Cao Xuebo , Sun Yinghui , Zhou Weiya , Hng Huey Hoon , Ma Jan , Chen Xiaodong , Xie Sishen 
Published: July 2012

AbstractGraphene nanosheets and metal nanoparticles (NPs) have been used as nano‐building‐blocks for assembly into macroscale hybrid structures with promising performance in electrical devices. However, in most graphene and metal NP hybrid structures, the graphene sheets and metal NPs (e.g., AuNPs) do not enable control of the reaction process, orientation of building blocks, and organization at the nanoscale. Here, an electrophoretic layer‐by‐layer assembly for constructing multilayered reduced graphene oxide (RGO)/AuNP films and lateral micropatterns is presented. This assembly method allows easy control of the nano‐architecture of building blocks along the normal direction of the film, including the number and thickness of RGO and AuNP layers, in addition to control of the lateral orientation of the resultant multilayered structures. Conductivity of multilayered RGO/AuNP hybrid nano‐architecture shows great improvement caused by a bridging effect of the AuNPs along the out‐of‐plane direction between the upper and lower RGO layers. The results clearly show the potential of electrophoretic build‐up in the fabrication of graphene‐based alternately multilayered films and patterns. Finally, flexible supercapacitors based on multilayered RGO/AuNP hybrid films are fabricated, and excellent performance, such as high energy and power densities, are achieved.
Concise Review: Chromatin and Genome Organization in Reprogramming
Authors: Biran Alva , Meshorer Eran 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
The ability to reprogram somatic cells to pluripotency is continuingly attracting increasing amounts of attention, providing both potential opportunities for regenerative medicine, as well as an intriguing model to study basic mechanisms of developmental reversal and epigenetic erasure. Currently, nuclear reprogramming is an inefficient process and a better understanding of its components and the underlying mechanisms will no doubt enable us to increase its robustness and to gain a deeper understanding of its regulation. Here we focus on the reprogramming process from the chromatin and genome organization perspective, describing the chromatin changes that occur both globally and locally. At the global level, chromatin decondenses toward the characteristic ‘open’ state, while locally, chromatin reorganization supports the silencing of lineage-specific genes and the activation of pluripotency-related genes. Importantly, the proteins that regulate this process are being identified, revealing different layers of chromatin regulation, including histone modifications, histone variants, chromatin remodeling and genomic DNA methylation. The emerging theme is that chromatin and genome organization are not only altered during the transition from a somatic to a pluripotent state, but also play active, regulatory roles during the reprogramming process.
Lysophosphatidic Acid Induces Migration of Human Lung-Resident Mesenchymal Stem Cells Through the β-Catenin Pathway
Authors: Badri Linda , Lama Vibha N. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been demonstrated to reside in human adult organs. However, mechanisms of migration of these endogenous MSCs within their tissue of origin are not well understood. Here, we investigate migration of human adult lung-resident (LR) mesenchymal progenitor cells. We demonstrate that bioactive lipid lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) plays a principal role in the migration of human LR-MSCs through a signaling pathway involving LPA1-induced β-catenin activation. LR-MSCs isolated from human lung allografts and lungs of patients with scleroderma demonstrated a robust migratory response to LPA in vitro. Furthermore, LPA levels correlated with LR-MSC numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), providing demonstration of the in vivo activity of LPA in human adult lungs. Migration of LR-MSCs was mediated via LPA1 receptor ligation and LPA1 silencing significantly abrogated the migratory response of LR-MSCs to LPA as well as human BAL. LPA treatment of LR-MSCs induced protein kinase C-mediated glycogen synthase kinase-3β phosphorylation, with resulting cytoplasmic accumulation and nuclear translocation of β-catenin. TCF/LEF dual luciferase gene reporter assay demonstrated a significant increase in transcriptional activity after LPA treatment. LR-MSC migration and increase in reporter gene activity in the presence of LPA were abolished by transfection with β-catenin small interfering RNA demonstrating that β-catenin is critical in mediating LPA-induced LR-MSC migration. These data delineate a novel signaling pathway through which ligation of a G protein-coupled receptor by a biologically relevant lipid mediator induces migration of human tissue-resident mesenchymal progenitors.
Task transmission control with dynamic lightpath setup for constant processing delay in an optical grid
Authors: Nakamura Yukinori , Tachibana Takuji , Matsui Genki 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis paper proposes a task transmission control with dynamic lightpath setup in an optical grid. In our proposed method, a job manager changes the number of tasks in a resource manager dynamically so as to maintain a constant processing delay. It leads to effective utilization of computing resource. I‐PD control is applied to maintain efficient network management. Furthermore, in order to avoid frequent lightpath setup process, multiple lightpaths are established simultaneously by our proposed algorithm. Numerical results show the effectiveness of the proposed task transmission method. © 2012 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Tell Me About Fred's Fat Foot Again: Four Tips for SuccessfulPALessons
Authors: Murray Bruce A. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis teaching tip applies research on phoneme awareness (PA) to propose an instructional model for teachingPA. Research suggests children need to learn the identifying features of phonemes to recognize them in spoken words. In the model, teachers focus on one phoneme at a time; make it memorable to children through sound analogies supported by illustrations, hand gestures, and graphemes; provide engaging practice detecting the phoneme in “tongue ticklers” and in spoken words; and lead children to transfer their knowledge of phonemes to the task of learning to read words.
Determination of enthalpies (‘Heats’) of formation
Authors: Rogers Donald W. , Zavitsas Andreas A. , Matsunaga Nikita 
Published: July 2012

AbstractDetermination of enthalpies of formation, now well into its second century, continues to be an active research field. Classical combustion thermochemistry, known by Lavoisier, is carried out with precision in several laboratories, though usually on the microscale, as appropriate to the small quantities of rare or unstable species preparative chemists are able to win and purify. Nonclassical methods such as differential scanning calorimetry and proton emission techniques are practiced. Enthalpy estimation based on additivity has been brought to an improved level of accuracy, and its basis in molecular structure has been examined with the goal of achieving maximum simplicity. Discrepancies between experimental results and additive estimates due to ‘special effects’ have brought about a considerable amount of causative speculation in the literature. Quantum mechanical methods have enjoyed increased proliferation through new methods of finding enthalpies of formation and other thermochemical and molecular properties such as heat capacity and entropy. Powerful basis set and configuration interaction software is available within the Gaussian© suites of programs. New levels of accuracy, in the kilojoules per mole range, have been achieved by Wn methods, and wider generality is enjoyed by methods based on density functional theory. New tabulation methods have been introduced that use computer error estimation procedures to root out flawed experimental results and increase overall reliability of the data one selects from the compilation.This article is categorized under:

Structure and Mechanism > Molecular Structures
A Copper‐Carboxylate Layer‐Framework with Pseudo‐­Kagomé Net
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Feng , Zhang Xiu‐Lian , Zhou Xin , Li Jun , Kuang Yun‐Fei , Chen Ji‐Hao 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA two dimensional coordination polymer with pseudo‐Kagomé net [Cu3(btc)2(NH3)8(H2O)] was prepared from Cu(NO3)2·3H2O and 1, 3, 5‐benzenetricarboxylic acid (btc) in ammonia aqua solution and was structurally characterized by X‐ray diffraction. The magnetic susceptibility measurements, measured from 2 to 300 K, revealed a weak anti‐ferromagnetic interaction between the CuII ions via the btc ligands.
Correcting the Effects of −20 °C Storage and Aliquot Size on Erythrocyte Fatty Acid Content in the Women's Health Initiative
Authors: Pottala James V. , Espeland Mark A. , Polreis Jason , Robinson Jennifer , Harris William S. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractRed blood cell (RBC) fatty acid (FA) patterns have been shown to predict risk for cardiovascular and other chronic diseases. As part of a project analyzing RBC samples from the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS) we observed implausibly low levels of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) suggestive of degradation. This was hypothesized to be due to short term storage (<1 month) at −20 °C during sample aliquoting. The purpose of this study was to measure the extent of degradation that occurs under these conditions, and then to use regression calibration equations with multiple imputations to correct the biases. Samples from the Women's Health Initiative that had always been stored at −80 °C were obtained and subjected to similar conditions as the WHIMS samples. General linear mixed models were used to develop bias‐corrected calibration equations for each fatty acid. Sample degradation occurred at −20 °C with the average HUFA loss of 3.5 to 5.9 % per week depending on aliquot size (250 and 80 µL, respectively). Using the ratio of HUFA to saturated fatty acids (HUFA/SAT) as a marker of degradation, this bias‐correction method raised the HUFA/SAT from 0.70 to 0.81, which was similar to that (0.78) seen in another large study with optimal processing. In summary, RBC samples should always be stored at −80 °C. The FA compositions of the degraded RBC samples from WHIMS were rehabilitated by application of regression calibration equations and multiple imputations, and these imputed datasets should be used in all future WHIMS studies.