bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Satellite monitoring systems
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

A circular describing satellite telemetry systems that can collect and transmit environmental data from remote regions of the world to regional resource information centers has been published by the U.S. Geological Survey.The 21‐page circular attempts to answer the most common questions asked about various satellite data collection systems and discusses three major U.S. government satellite data collection systems presently available for use in North and South America, Landsat, Nimbus F, and the synchronous Meteorological Satellite/Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (SMS/Goes) series, describing their features and limitations and providing suggestions on how to employ them. An extensive bibliography is also provided. The circular notes that rainfall, snowfall, floods, hurricanes, volcanic eruptions and ashfalls, earthquakes, seismic sea waves (tsunami), and iceberg drifts are but a few of the active earth processes that affect man's environment. While satellites provide global imagery of many of these phenomena, the circular says, there is a need for current in situ data (data from environmental sensors on the earth's surface). This current information is critical to the design of regional, national, or even global information systems that are timely and accurate to facilitate modeling and predicting for the future.
The Maurice Ewing medal
Authors: Takahashi Taro , Broecker Wallace 
Published: October 2011

The fourth presentation of the Maurice Ewing Medal by the American Geophysical Union and the U.S. Navy goes to Wallace S. Broecker for his leadership and scientific contributions in marine geochemistry.Tonight we are honoring Wallace Smith Broecker with the Maurice Ewing Medal for his exceptional leadership and creative scientific contributions in the field of marine geochemistry. Wally is one of the most productive, creative, and dynamic marine geochemists of our time, and he has made fundamental contributions to a broad spectrum of the earth sciences, including the chemistry and history of the oceans and ocean sediments, the circulation of ocean water, air‐sea gas exchange, climatology, and quaternary geology. His work is epitomized by his ability to seek out the critical questions and design simple experiments at sea or in the laboratory to solve them. Furthermore, in recent years he has organized and physically and intellectually led several large oceanographic projects to success and thus has demonstrated a truly exceptional leadership in the U.S. oceanographic community.
Oceanography section
Authors: Mooers Chris 
Published: October 2011

The AGU Oceanography Section held a business meeting on May 30,1979, with James J . O'Brien (president‐elect) presiding. About 10 members attended. O'Brien reported that the oceanography section was 19 AGU Fellows below ‘quota’ in comparison to the average for AGU. Clearly, there is an opportunity for the oceanography section to take more initiative in this aspect of the AGU Honors Program. The president‐elect is considering forming a special Oceanography Fellows Committee to aid in the nomination of fellows.Thanks to the efforts of Dana Kester, Spring Program Chairman, and the cooperation of the AGU Meetings staff, the oceanography section had improved room allocations for the Spring Meeting. Overall, the program ran rather well; this was especially true for those topical sessions in which there was an active chairman/convenor. Also, the poster sessions were very well received, both by the presenters and viewers. This reflects the growing experience in preparing and viewing posters and the satisfactory space‐time assignments for posters. Considerable interest was expressed in more posters and fewer talks, later start and earlier stops times, and avoidance of sessions on Monday mornings and Friday evenings. A thorny problem was that of numerous conflicts in oceanography section sessions with those of the meteorology, geochemistry, and geodesy sections, and perhaps others. Chris Mooers (physicist) helped Dana Kester (chemist) this spring, but the need for a geologist was felt. There will be a continued attempt to have a physicist, chemist, and geologist help assemble meeting programs. It has been suggested that a ‘Guide to the AGU Meeting for Oceanographers’ be prepared which would describe the scheduling of sessions for physical, chemical, and geological oceanography. This guide could also clarify deadlines and procedures for arranging special sessions. The section secretary will work on this and will solicit assistance from the program chairmen.
A response to Wasson's views on cutting the Old Woman Meteorite
Authors: Clarke Roy S. 
Published: October 2011

Wasson has recently expressed his views about ways to ‘optimize both the scientific and exhibit value’ of the Old Woman meteorite (Eos, 60 (28), July 10, 1979). This is a question that we at the Smithsonian Institution have had under active consideration for many months. I would like to answer his criticism of our plan by briefly describing the decision‐making process and outlining a little of the scientific and curatorial thinking behind it.The meteorite was found by two prospectors in 1976 in the Old Woman Mountains of Southern California. It was accessioned into the collections of the National Museum of Natural History in December of 1976 and arrived in Washington in March of 1978. Before and after its arrival, the meteorite was the subject of protracted litigation in the federal courts—which continues to this day—and of substantial political controversy abundantly discussed through the press. In late September of 1978, the way seemed clear to proceed with the study of the meteorite. Opinions were solicited by letter from members of the scientific and museum communities on the best approach to its study. Among those individuals with a history of productive research and creative curation of iron meteorites, whom I considered to be particularly well qualified to make a judgment, there was a strong consensus calling for a major cut through the meteorite to reveal as large a surface area as possible.
Science faculty development
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The objective of the Science Faculty Professional Development Program announced by the National Science Foundation is to improve undergraduate science teaching in 2‐ and 4‐year colleges and universities in the United States and, thereby, to improve the capabilities of their students in meeting current employment requirements. To accomplish this, the NSF will offer awards to experienced college and university professors to pursue 3 to 12 months of research or study for the purpose of enhancing their instruction of undergraduate students at their home institutions.Approximately 80 Science Faculty Professional Development grants are anticipated this year. These will be announced in April 1980. Stipends are intended to allow the grantee to undertake a full‐time activities program during the tenure period and are calculated on a salary‐matching basis. The maximum allowable stipend contribution from the foundation is $2,250/month, but an awardee will be permitted to accept supplementation from other sources to bring the total income up to the calculated stipend. There will be a travel allowance. There will also be an activities support allowance, at the rate of $150/month, that will be made available to the institution of affiliation on behalf of the grantee, to assist the institution in defraying the costs of the grantees's activities program.
NRC programs for postdoctoral research
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The National Research Council announces its 1980 Research Associateship Programs, which provide postdoctoral opportunities for scientists and engineers in the fields of atmospheric and earth sciences, chemistry, engineering, environmental sciences, life sciences, mathematics, physics, and space sciences.NRC Research Associates will conduct research on problems largely of their own choice in selected federal research laboratories at various geographic locations in the United States. The programs are open to recent recipients of the doctorate and, in many cases, to senior investigators also. Some programs are open to non‐United States nationals.
Postdoctoral fellowships for minorities
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The National Research Council plans to award approximately 25 postdoctoral fellowships for minorities in a n ew program designed to provide opportunities for continued education and experience in research to black Americans, Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans, and native Americans. Fellowship recipients will be selected from among scientists, engineers, and humanities scholars who show greatest promise of future achievement in academic research and scholarship in higher education.In this national competition supported by the Ford Foundation, citizens of the United States who are members of one of the designated minority groups, who are engaged in college or university teaching, and who hold doctoral degrees may apply for a one‐year fellowship award. New doctoral recipients who intend to pursue careers as college or university faculty members will also be considered.
A geophysicist's problem: Gold on methane
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The origin of petroleum is understood only in the most rudimentary way. Complex reactions involving organic substances are known to be part of the forma‐tional process, but the recent preoccupation of several prominent groups of geophysicists in evaluating possibilities of the abiogenic origin of oil, gas, and even coal points to the surprising fact that there is little well‐documented evidence of the reactions or of the chemical compounds from which petroleum is derived.As of late 1979, new dimensions of the problem have been revealed, ones that may have practical implications for the geophysicists concerned. The dimensions of space, astrophysical theories of the origin of planets, and a postulate by astronomer Tommy Gold of Cornell that huge deposits of abiogenic methane are stored in the upper mantle are a few of the issues that were focused upon by geophysicists at a series of meetings, consultations, and specially convened sessions this year. Groups from the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) and the Department of Energy (DOE) held the meetings, the first of which began near the end of 1978, and they are still going on. This frenzy of high‐level activity appears to have been started by the actions of Tommy Gold and Gordon MacDonald, which resulted in the House Appropriations Committee requesting DOE to study and assess the general concepts. The results of what appears to be a most competent evaluation by DOE were included in a report titled ‘Potential of Abiogenic Methane as a Major Energy Resource.’ This report, while acknowledging the possible existence of methane in the mantle and suggesting that it would be advantageous to research and explore all potential sources of energy, including abiogenic methane, indicated that there was no evidence to support Gold and MacDonald's notion of the existence of very large deposits.
The August California quake
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The strong earthquake that shook the San Francisco Bay region 2 months ago (Richter scale magnitude 5.6 on August 6, 1979) is being studied intensely to extract as much information as possible from the tremor in anticipation of expectable future earthquakes.A team of geologists and geophysicists from the U.S. Geological Survey continues to conduct field studies of ground cracks and other physical evidence and to study instrument data from hundreds of tiltmeters, magnetometers, and seismographs.
Lightning as source of environmentally important gases
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Laboratory tests conducted at the NASA‐Langley Research Center have shown that an electrical discharge approximately equal to that of lightning can produce trace amounts of carbon monoxide and nitrous oxide.Although the annual global rates of production owing to lightning appear to be several orders of magnitude below that owing to other sources, the level of nitrous oxide is twice as great and carbon monoxide is increased one hundred fold in the vicinity of the lightning bolt.
NEH announces second Antarctic fellowship
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The National Endowment for the Humanities is cooperating with the National Science Foundation's U.S. Antarctic Research Program in selecting a scholar in the humanities to spend 1 to 12 months in Antarctica from October 1980 to March 1981.The Antarctic Fellowship is intended for scholars whose work seems likely to lead to significant contributions to humanistic thought and knowledge. The scope of Endowment support includes all the fields of the humanities and those areas of the social sciences that employ historical or philosophical approaches, such as jurisprudence, international relations, political theory, sociology, and other subjects concerned primarily with questions Of value rather than with quantitative matters. Candidates for degrees and persons seeking support for work leading toward degrees are not eligible, although applicants need not have advanced degrees to qualify. Applicants must be doing or planning to do research relating in whole or in part to Antarctica.
Pioneer Saturn results summarized
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

NASA's Pioneer 11 spacecraft continues to work well after successfully flying past Saturn. The space probe is now heading out of the solar system, after returning the first close‐up pictures of Saturn and making a number of scientific findings, including the discovery of two ‘new’ outer rings and a ‘new’ Saturnian moon. In addition, Pioneer sustained no damage from high‐velocity ring particles, showing that spacecraft can operate safely in the vicinity of the visible rings.Without a failure, Pioneer can return useful data until the late 1980's, when it reaches the limit of its radio contact with Earth. Major findings about Saturn are: Saturn has an 11 th moon. It was discovered in a photo taken of the outer edge of Saturn's rings and by instrumentation on board the spacecraft. Its estimated diameter is 400 km (250 mi). It has been named 1979S1.
1979–80 Congressional Science Fellow
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Robert J. Barbera has been selected as the 1979–80 AGU Congressional Science Fellow. He will serve 1 year on the staff of Senator Tsongas (D., Mass.) where he will be primarily involved in energy matters.Barbera has been at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he was a research engineer in the Energy Laboratory and a lecturer at the Parsons Laboratory of the Department of Civil Engineering.
Status of the current solar sunspot cycle
Authors: Lincoln J. Virginia 
Published: October 2011

The Solar Maximum Year began August 1,1979. This international cooperative scientific program is to continue through February 28,1981, and involves fundamental research on enhanced activity of the sun, such as extensive active regions, large sunspots, and major solar flares, which usually accompany sunspot maximum.The SMY has created renewed interest in following the present stage of this sunspot cycle—solar cycle 21. The two graphs and the Table can almost speak for themselves. The Table gives the daily record of observed sunspot numbers for the recent 12‐month period. It is of interest to note that the monthly mean numbers have exceeded 150 in January, July, August and September 1979. When active regions have been on the sun, the daily numbers have exceeded 200 for several days in a row in June through September 1979.
Fluorocarbons in lower atmosphere
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Fluorocarbons from spray cans and industrial sources last at least 30 years in the lower atmosphere, according to recent NOAA reports of the Geophysical Monitoring for Climate Change Program in Boulder, Colorado.The sampling results were applied to a model that computes the lifetimes of the two fluorocarbons that are capable of destroying stratospheric ozone, F‐11 and F‐ 12. Calculations show that the lifetime of F‐11 in the atmosphere is most likely 86 years, while that for F‐12 is 113 years. It was also possible to compute minimum lifetime; 30 years for F‐11 and 33 years for F‐12.
Chatanika Facility
Authors: Baron Murray J. 
Published: October 2011

I was pleasantly surprised to see the photograph of our Chatanika radar facilty on the cover of EOS, 60(44) In case any EOS readers write to inquire about the facility, I thought I would provide you with some information.The Chatanika facility is an incoherent scatter radar used to perform research on the neutral atmosphere, ionosphere, and magnetosphere. It was established in 1971 with funds provided by the Defense Nuclear Agency. Currently, it is supported primarily by the National Science Foundation, with a number of other agencies (DNA, AFOSR, NASA) also sponsoring research. SRI International (formerly Stanford Research Institute) manages and operates the facility. Scientists representing 29 organizations from throughout the world have performed experiments at Chatanika or have been provided with data.
Page charges and copyright
Authors: Smith Roger E. 
Published: October 2011

What the AGU charges authors for publishing their work in its journals is and should be, to a certain extent, self regulating. It would be economically suicidal to charge less than necessary to meet the deficit beyond the income from subscribers, and it would also be self‐defeating to charge more than necessary and therefore discourage potential contributors. Costs are already sufficiently discouraging.The arguments given by Harrison in the November 6 EOS, 60(45), for the differential in cost between copyrighted and public domain articles, however, concern the equitable sharing of those costs, and I take issue with the validity of the reasoning therein.
U.S.‐Japan earthquake program
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The National Science Foundation has announced plans to provide about $3.0 million over a 5‐year period to support laboratory experimental research on building structures that use large‐scale testing facilities. The program will last from October 1979 through September 1984.Research projects will be conducted jointly by U.S. and Japanese investigators, using facilities available in the U.S. and in Japan (such as Tsukuba facility of the Japanese Ministry of Construction).
Magnetospheric ion composition
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

We are only beginning to understand the morphology and dynamics of the magnetospheric ion population below 30 keV. Whether the ion population's source was the solar wind or the ionosphere could be shown by examining the amounts of He++ and O+ respectively, and ions from both sources were found over a large portion of the magnetosphere. Upward‐flowing beams of O+ and H+ with typical mean energies of 50 eV and number densities of 10= 3 were commonly found in the plasmasheet and tail lobe regions.Cold O+ was also observed to be field aligned both inside and outside the plasmasphere. Field‐aligned flow of several ion species (H+, He+, He++, and O+) was found in the boundary layer region, and it was shown that the flow velocities of the species were approximately equal. At higher energies (∼ tens of keV), O+ concentrations were also high, with O+/H+ number and energy density ratios exceeding unity in the inner ring current region and >10% at larger radial distances.
Geophysical events
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Volcanic ActivityIo, a moon of Jupiter. On June 11, 1979, using infrared photometry from the 2.2‐m telescope on Mauna Kea, Hawaii, William Sinton observed what may have been an eruption from lo. Within the region on lo where Sinton believes the eruption may have occurred, a caldera was discovered on Voyager 2 imagery (early July) that was not present on imagery from Voyager 1 (early March). An earlier observation of what may also have been an eruption is described in Witteborn et al. [1979].
Detailed aeromagnetic surveying in Minnesota
Authors: Greathouse Lee 
Published: October 2011

The Minnesota Geological Survey has initiated a detailed aeromagnetic survey over a five‐county block of northeastern Minnesota that includes the region east of 93°W and north of 46°N. The current survey is being conducted at a mean ground clearance of 150 m with a 400‐m line spacing, and it will include approximately 60,000 line miles of data.This project, which is entirely funded by the state of Minnesota, represents the first step in a long‐term geophysics program that will involve acquisition of detailed aeromagnetic data over extensive regions of the state. The Minnesota Geological Survey plans to use the aeromagnetic data primarily in geologic mapping of the Precambrian bedrock.
Tests for geophysical microwave cooker
Authors: Bell Peter 
Published: October 2011

There is a plan, based on engineering results obtained almost 20 years ago by the Raytheon Corporation, to test an underground microwave technique for in situ petroleum extraction from oil shale. It is estimated now that the petroleum reserves in the Green River shale formation and other geologically similar formations in the western U.S. could exceed 1012 barrels, but a practical method of oil recovery from the shale has not yet been found. In a consortium effort between Raytheon and Texaco, a geophysical analog of the household microwave cooker will be field tested this year as a method of underground retorting.The underground microwave heating technique is a process with a number of advantages, both economically and from the standpoint of concerns for the environment. Other methods of recovering oil from shale that involve mining and surface processing are costly and produce immense amounts of tailings or waste after the oil is extracted (in addition to the increase in volume from grinding the mineral oil shale to a powder, the mineral content undergoes a 15% volume increase due to chemical changes from the recovery process). The microwave heating method, if it works, will be cost effective and have minimal effect on the environment.
Notes from the AGU session on atmospheric chemistry, Fall Meeting 1979
Authors: Graedel T. E. 
Published: October 2011

New measurements and computations reported at this session raised intriguing questions about the sources and chemistry of atmospheric trace gases.Gregory L. Kok, of Harvey Mudd College, found in his studies of the Los Angeles area that during the day hydrogen peroxide maxima are often 15–20 parts per billion (ppb), far higher than can be explained by present computer models. The findings suggest that some important chemical process is not included.
On Capitol Hill‐Robert Barbera
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

As the 1979–1980 American Geophysical Union Congressional Science Fellow, I have decided to communicate to you early during my stay on the Hill. Former AGU Fellows have waited until their tenure was finished before providing us with their insights, which were based on a wide range of Hill experiences. Nevertheless, the first few weeks on the Hill are incredibly exhilarating, and, as this exhilaration is soon to be replaced by confusion and a sense of unease—on the job training, it is called—I thought I'd better commit to paper my first impressions.Lunching in the Capitol Building with congressmen and senators, meeting with the staffs of Senate and House committees, attending lectures given by experts on the Hill's operations, all provided undeniable emotional highs for the 26 fellows with whom I've shared this orientation program. More importantly, however, in these initial days, we have been made aware (or at least reminded) that within the Hill's confines many tough decisions affecting the U.S. (and the world) are made. Furthermore, it appears that in these halls scientists and social scientists, if they are hard working, willing to give up depth for breadth, and able to accept the ultimately political nature of all congressional decisions, may at times be able to participate effectively in the process.