bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and photocatalytic activity of BiOI particles: An efficient visible-light-driven degradation of organic pollutants in aqueous environments
Authors: Thai Ngoc-Thanh-Phuong , Nguyen Bao-Nguyen , Luan Van-Hoang , Son Le Van Thanh , Dang Bao-Trong , Le Minh-Vien 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBismuth oxyiodide (BiOI) particles were successfully fabricated through solvothermal activation using bismuth (III) nitrate pentahydrate and potassium iodide as precursors. The photocatalytic activities of BiOI were investigated under the influence of synthesis temperature (120–200 °C) with a fixed duration of 12 h. The physical-chemical properties of the samples were systematically investigated using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, N2-sorption isotherm techniques, and pH of the point of zero charge (pHpzc). The prepared BiOI exhibited a single phase with a non-uniform 2D morphology with different sizes, an average crystallite size of 30 nm, and a BET surface area of 20.71 m²g−1. The zero-point charge was determined to be 7.7. The photocatalytic performance under simulated solar light irradiation was investigated by examining the effects of dye initial concentration, catalyst dose, and dye pH. Remarkably, BiOI synthesized at 160 °C demonstrated an impressive 85% removal efficiency of 10 ppm MO (methyl orange) at normal pH levels (pH 6.8) within 120 min under visible light irradiation, along with the highest rate constant of 0.01418 min−1. The quenching effects of different scavengers indicate the significant role of reactive O2•– and a minor role of hVB+ and •OHadsin the photocatalytic process. These findings underscore the potential of BiOI particles as efficient photocatalysts for environmental applications, particularly in the degradation of organic pollutants in water using solar light irradiation.
Influence of salt contamination on the rheological and filtration properties of bentonite-based mud
Authors: Hai Le Nam Nguyen , Phat Le Tan , Phuoc Tran Huu , Dung Tran Trung , Quang Hoang Trong , Tam Tran Nguyen Thien , Khanh Do Quang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Bentonite-based mud has been widely used in petroleum, geotechnical and civil engineering to lubricate the drill bit, maintain wellbore stability, and lift the drilled cuttings up to the surface during drilling operations. Understanding salt contaminants influences the quality of bentonite-based mud is necessary to create a suitable formula for drilling mud to achieve a successful drilling process in deep formations and coastal regions. In this paper, several experiments were carried out on bentonite-based muds with different types of salt (NaCl and CaCl2) and various concentrations of salts (NaCl - 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 wt%; CaCl2 - 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 wt%). The properties of mud were examined by laboratory equipment, including an 8-speed viscometer, and American Petroleum Institute (API) Filter Press. The findings indicate that salt contamination impairs the characteristics of drilling fluid. The rheological parameters of mud, such as viscosity, yield point, and gel strength, drop dramatically as the concentration of salt increases. Furthermore, the filtration test indicated that the bentonite-based mud encountered severe water loss into the formation with increased salt concentration.
Research on preparation of curcumin powder by spray drying method with the support of gum Arabic and maltodextrin and improvement in its solubility
Authors: Nguyen Quynh Anh Phan , Nguyen Thi Ngoc Phuong , Mai Tan Thanh Nguyen , Thi Hong Nhan Le , Nguyen Trong Hung 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The suspension of curcumin being created tends to clump together into larger particles and settle down. One way to improve this shortcoming is to spray-dry the suspension system. The aim of this study is to optimize the powder forming process from the spray drying method. The suspension was converted to a powder with maltodextrin as a carrier. Optimization results, realized via a response surface methodology, showed that a maximal curcumin content of 4.667% could be attained under the following conditions: intake air temperature 150 °C, drying air flow of 290 m3/h and feed flow rate of 0.7 L/h. Under these conditions, the particles of obtained powder has the median size of 1.900 μm by LDS method and FESEM also showed that curcumin particles had a nearly spherical shape with a size range of 1 - 3 μm.
Flavonoids and Antioxidant Effects of Piper sarmentosum
Authors: Trinh Pham Thi Nhat , Danh Tong Thanh , Hoa Nguyen Van , Anh Nguyen Lan , Nhan Nguyen Thanh , Dung Le Tien 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Piper sarmentosum has long been a precious herb, used as a remedy for diseases such as gout, joint pain, etc. The chemical compositions mainly contain alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, and phenols. However, up to date, there have been few studies on the chemical compositions and antioxidant activity in Vietnam. The experiments indicated that the ethyl acetate fraction had the highest content of polyphenols (254.1 mg GAE.g -1) and total flavonoids (132.2 mg QE.g -1), as well as strong antioxidant activity in DPPH and ABTS assays. From the ethyl acetate fractions, by chromatographic techniques, two substances named afzelin (1) and kaempferol (2) were isolated. Compound 2 exhibited strong antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 6.37 and 4.93 μg/mL in the DPPH and ABTS models, respectively, while compound 1 had moderate activity.
GABA-enriched old Oolong tea fermentation
Authors: Huynh O N , Mai N T , Hoang D M 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Oolong tea, being a semi-fermented variety, holds significance in the tea production industry. However, an important portion of stocked Oolong tea (old Oolong tea) was discarded from the market. Oolong GABA tea, known for its potential health benefits, can be produced through fermentation under oxygen-depleted conditions. Therefore, improving old tea into GABA-rich tea will contribute to limiting the discard of old tea from the market. In this study, old Oolong tea underwent fermentation at temperatures of 30ºC, 35ºC, and 40ºC for a duration of 48 hours. Key parameters, including GABA, tannins, total polyphenols, TF/TR ratio, and tea color, were monitored at six-hour intervals over the 48-hour fermentation period. The findings revealed that optimal conditions to produce high GABA content in old Oolong tea were identified at 35ºC for 42 hours, resulting in a GABA content of 121.2 mg/kg, which was five times higher than the control, accompanied by a clear and standard color characteristic of fermented tea. This underscores the importance of controlled fermentation conditions for enhancing the quality of GABA-enriched old Oolong tea.
Sensor macrophages derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells to assess pyrogenic contaminations in parenteral drugs
Authors: Abdin Shifaa M , Mansel Friederike , Hashtchin Anna Rafiei , Ackermann Mania , Hansen Gesine , Becker Björn , Kick Benjamin , Pham Nhi , Dietz Hendrik , Schaniel Christoph , Martin Ulrich , Spreitzer Ingo , Lachmann Nico 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Ensuring the safety of parenteral drugs before injection into patients is of utmost importance. New regulations around the globe and the need to refrain from using animals however, have highlighted the need for new cell sources to be used in next-generation bioassays to detect the entire spectrum of possible contaminating pyrogens. Given the current drawbacks of the Monocyte-Activation-Test (MAT) with respect to the use of primary peripheral blood mono-nuclear cells or the use of monocytic cell lines, we here demonstrate the manufacturing of sensor monocytes/macrophages from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iMonoMac), which are fully defined and superior to current cell products. Using a modern and scalable manufacturing platform, iMonoMac showed typical macrophage-like morphology and stained positive for several Toll like receptor (TLRs) such as TLR-2, TLR-5, TLR-4. Furthermore, iMonoMac derived from the same donor were sensitive to endotoxins, non-endotoxins, and process related pyrogens at a high dynamic range and across different cellular densities. Of note, iMonoMac showed increased sensitivity and reactivity to a broad range of pyrogens, demonstrated by the detection of interleukin-6 at low concentrations of LPS and MALP-2 which could not be reached using the current MAT cell sources. To further advance the system, iMonoMac or genetically engineered iMonoMac with NF-κB-luciferase reporter cassette could reveal a specific activation response while correlating to the classical detection method employing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure cytokine secretion. Thus, we present a valuable cellular tool to assess parenteral drugs safety, facilitating the future acceptance and design of regulatory-approved bioassays.
Effect of annealing temperature on crystallographic texture, magnetic and microwave properties of barium ferrite thin films
Authors: Xie Wenfei , Li Yandi , Gong Zhinan , Chen Daming 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Due to it has large saturation magnetization (Ms), high magnetocrystalline anisotropy field and high ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) frequency, barium ferrite (BaM) has attracted more and more attentions in the fields of magnetic recording media, permanent magnets and microwave devices. Here, BaM thin films were deposited on Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si substrates, and the effect of annealing temperature on the microstructure, magnetic and microwave properties of barium ferrite thin films was investigated in detail. It is found that when the BaM thin film was annealed at 1035 °C, it has good properties. The XRD data provide clear evidence that the BaM thin films have high c-axis orientation, and the Lotgering factor is as high as 0.96. The AFM morphology show that BaM grains are out of the film plane, and they are hexagonal. The magnetic hysteresis curves indicated that both saturated magnetization (4πMs), remanence ratio and coercive (Hc) for out of plane increase with increasing Ta first, then decreased, and get the maximum value at 1035 °C. The ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) measurement show that the FMR linewidth is 143 Oe@50 GHz, it means that this this sample has low microwave loss in millimeter wave loss, and the FMR absorption can be tuned by applied magnetic field. These results make sure that this BaM thin film is possible use in millimeter wave devices such as filers, circulators and isolators.
Breast density prediction from low and standard dose mammograms using deep learning: effect of image resolution and model training approach on prediction quality
Authors: Squires Steven , Harkness Elaine F , Mackenzie Alistair , Evans D Gareth , Howell Sacha J , Astley Susan M 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Purpose. To improve breast cancer risk prediction for young women, we have developed deep learning methods to estimate mammographic density from low dose mammograms taken at approximately 1/10th of the usual dose. We investigate the quality and reliability of the density scores produced on low dose mammograms focussing on how image resolution and levels of training affect the low dose predictions. Methods. Deep learning models are developed and tested, with two feature extraction methods and an end-to-end trained method, on five different resolutions of 15,290 standard dose and simulated low dose mammograms with known labels. The models are further tested on a dataset with 296 matching standard and real low dose images allowing performance on the low dose images to be ascertained. Results. Prediction quality on standard and simulated low dose images compared to labels is similar for all equivalent model training and image resolution versions. Increasing resolution results in improved performance of both feature extraction methods for standard and simulated low dose images, while the trained models show high performance across the resolutions. For the trained models the Spearman rank correlation coefficient between predictions of standard and low dose images at low resolution is 0.951 (0.937 to 0.960) and at the highest resolution 0.956 (0.942 to 0.965). If pairs of model predictions are averaged, similarity increases. Conclusions. Deep learning mammographic density predictions on low dose mammograms are highly correlated with standard dose equivalents for feature extraction and end-to-end approaches across multiple image resolutions. Deep learning models can reliably make high quality mammographic density predictions on low dose mammograms.
Single-step parity check gate set for quantum error correction
Authors: Üstün Gözde , Morello Andrea , Devitt Simon 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A key requirement for an effective quantum error correction (QEC) scheme is that the physical qubits have error rates below a certain threshold. The value of this threshold depends on the details of the specific QEC scheme, and its hardware-level implementation. This is especially important with parity-check circuits, which are the fundamental building blocks of QEC codes. The standard way of constructing the parity check circuit is using a universal set of gates, namely sequential CNOT gates, single-qubit rotations and measurements. We exploit the insight that a QEC code does not require universal logic gates, but can be simplified to perform the sole task of error detection and correction. By building gates that are fundamental to QEC, we can boost the threshold and ease the experimental demands on the physical hardware. We present a rigorous formalism for constructing and verifying the error behavior of these gates, linking the physical measurement of a process matrix to the abstract error models commonly used in QEC analysis. This allows experimentalists to directly map the gates used in their systems to thresholds derived for a broad-class of QEC codes. We give an example of these new constructions using the model system of two nuclear spins, coupled to an electron spin, showing the potential benefits of redesigning fundamental gate sets using QEC primitives, rather than traditional gate sets reliant on simple single and two-qubit gates.
Numerical analysis on seismic behavior of a novel steel-timber composite frame column
Authors: Liu Wenqing , Wang Gang , Li Xiwang , Zhao Caiqi , Qu Bo , Wang Jing 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Steel-timber composite structures are a novel hybrid structural system that combines the advantages of both steel and wood structures, holding great promise for various applications. In this paper, the seismic behaviors of steel- timber composite columns are investigated based on finite element analysis. The reliability of the finite element model is validated by quasi-static test results. Numerical analysis results indicate that the proposed steel- timber composite systems is with high ultimate bearing capacity, full hysteresis loops, and strong displacement ductility, demonstrating excellent seismic performance. The axial compression ratio, steel tube thickness, and flexural point height significantly influence the seismic resistance of the structure.
Examining the potential of sigma-thermic heat transfer fluid and its nanofluid in a natural circulation loop through CFD studies
Authors: Nagaraju Dora , Mohammad Abdul Razack , Mendu Siva Subrahmanyam , Uma Maheswararao G 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the impact of hot heat exchanger (HHX) inlet temperature on Sigma-thermic heat transfer fluid (STHF or STF) performance in a natural circulation loop. Various fluids, including STHF and STHF-based nanofluids, with volumetric concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 3%, are employed in the loop. The primary objective is to analyze the thermal performance of the loop under different conditions, focusing on temperature distribution, Nusselt number, friction factor, effectiveness, and mass flow rate. 3D numerical simulations are conducted, and the numerical model is validated against existing literature. The developed model incorporates considerations for viscous dissipation and axial conduction to predict the heat transfer potential of the loop. As the HHX inlet temperature increases, the mass flow rate rises. Notably, STHF/CuO nanofluids exhibit a more substantial enhancement than other nanofluids. At a 1 vol% concentration, the mass flow rate increases by 9.5%, 4%, and 2.7% for STHF/CuO, STHF/Al2O3, and hybrid nanofluids, respectively, compared to pure STHF. The study reveals significant improvements in mass flow rates and heat transfer efficiency with increasing HHX inlet temperatures, especially with STHF/CuO nanofluids. The total entropy generation reduction is notable, with percentages ranging from 2% to 18.5% for various nanofluids compared to pure STHF.
Exploiting data diversity in multi-domain federated learning
Authors: Ahmad Madni Hussain , Muhammad Umer Rao , Luca Foresti Gian 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Federated learning (FL) is an evolving machine learning technique that allows collaborative model training without sharing the original data among participants. In real-world scenarios, data residing at multiple clients are often heterogeneous in terms of different resolutions, magnifications, scanners, or imaging protocols, and thus challenging for global FL model convergence in collaborative training. Most of the existing FL methods consider data heterogeneity within one domain by assuming same data variation in each client site. In this paper, we consider data heterogeneity in FL with different domains of heterogeneous data by raising the problems of domain-shift, class-imbalance, and missing data. We propose a method, multi-domain FL as a solution to heterogeneous training data from multiple domains by training robust vision transformer model. We use two loss functions, one for correctly predicting class labels and other for encouraging similarity and dissimilarity over latent features, to optimize the global FL model. We perform various experiments using different convolution-based networks and non-convolutional Transformer architectures on multi-domain datasets. We evaluate the proposed approach on benchmark datasets and compare with the existing FL methods. Our results show the superiority of the proposed approach which performs better in term of robust FL global model than the exiting methods.
What Is Justice and Does It Matter? The Rome Statute and Its Disciples
Authors: Ullrich Leila 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis chapter explores how the Court’s lawyers and bureaucrats interpret and practise justice in The Hague. Using critical ideology theory, the chapter illustrates how the International Criminal Court’s practitioners are both subjects and active producers of the justice ideology, tracing this process of ideology-making through their conflicting justice discourses and practices. I argue that the promise to deliver ‘justice for victims’ both facilitated the Court’s institutional reproduction and made it more conflictual as the Court’s judges had to manage the contradictory pressures of including victims and safeguarding legal proceedings. Over time, they resolved that contradiction by supplementing and substituting victim participation in the courtroom with victim engagement in the field. This movement has been facilitated by the Court’s new victims’ stakeholders, who emerged in the process of operationalizing the Rome Statute’s victims’ rights regime. The new victims’ stakeholders, especially victims’ lawyers and officers, took on new roles and practices, sometimes leading to broader and more political victim engagement in the Court’s situation countries. But they could also be blamed when things went wrong, as they often did. While many of the Court’s practitioners continue to depict victim participation as a ‘burden’ or ‘challenge’, the reshuffling of victims to field and non-judicial processes has effectively turned them into an asset—subjects to be worked on and worked with.
Conclusion
Authors: Ullrich Leila 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe conclusion revisits our justice paradox: how can justice be both fluid and contested and still successfully enlist victims in the project of international criminal justice? I resolve the paradox by showing how justice contestations in The Hague and the ideological subjection of victims in Kenya and Uganda are two sides of the same coin: on one side is the visible liberal imaginary in which everyone can express different ideas about justice, on the other side the hidden reality in which people are ideologically subjected to work for justice; on one side is the courtroom in which justice is deliberated, on the other side the field in which justice is produced; on one side is the equal realm of market exchange, on the other the unequal realm of production and social reproduction. The International Criminal Court (ICC) has indeed become a victims’ court, I argue, though not as victims’ advocates had envisioned in 1998. The ICC creates victims who not only work for the Court’s institutional and ideological reproduction but also for a global order that designates them as cheap and readily available manual, care, and migratory labour. The conclusion will first situate this argument in the critical literature on international criminal law to showcase the book’s contribution. It will then further theorize the material and affective economy of international criminal justice through the concept of the blame cascade, and, lastly, draw out the latter’s implications for resistance and abolition in international criminal justice.
Ethiopia
Authors: Schneider Marius , Ho Tu Nam Nora 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter considers Ethiopia, a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa. Ethiopia is not yet a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and is not bound to enforce the WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) minimum standards. The chapter highlights the story behind the international protection of Ethiopian coffee, one of the most well-known product from Ethiopia, via the Ethiopian Coffee Trademarking and Licensing Initiative. The law in Ethiopia is silent on geographical indications (GIs) although GIs owners may under certain conditions register a collective mark with the Ethiopian Intellectual Property Authority. The registration of both foreign and domestic collective marks are discussed in this chapter, together with the registrability of names, the procedure and requirements for registration, the term of protection, the rights of the owner against infringers and customs enforcement. The chapter ends by looking at whether there any bilateral agreements regarding GIs to which Ethiopia is a party.
Bugs in the Smart City
Authors: Metzger Jonathan , Hillier Jean 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter brings a suburban fringe residential development in Australia into dialogue with ‘smart’ initiatives in mosquito management. Our example illustrates inadvertent intensification of non-human presence, especially mosquito breeding, through its development emphases on riparian aesthetics and on economics, which leave ‘smart’ control solutions to individual householders. Inspired by thinkers such as Bruno Latour, Robert Chia, and François Jullien, we suggest that an approach of ‘upstream’ investigation into the production of conditions of co-becoming can function as an alternative to established ‘downstream’ mosquito management practices premised on control and eradication. We conclude that forms of smart urban planning and residential estate development might rely less on artificial intelligence and Wi-Fi technology than a smarter appreciation of development milieus.