bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydraulic assessment of environmental flow regimes to facilitate fish passage through natural riffles: Shoalhaven river below Tallowa Dam, New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Reinfelds Ivars , Lincoln‐Smith Marcus , Haeusler Tim , Ryan David , Growns Ivor 
Published: May 2009

AbstractProposed environmental flow regime changes downstream of a major water supply dam have been assessed in terms of effects on depth, velocity and fish passage across natural, gravel‐bed riffles and rapids. This study focussed on passage requirements for Australian bass, Macquaria novemaculeata (Perciformes, Percichthyidae), a catadromous fish of considerable ecological and recreational fishing importance. Some 23 major riffles and rapids occur between the dam and the tidal limit over a river length of 25 km. Reconnaissance investigations of riffle slope, length, width, depth and morphologic characteristics indicated that wide‐shallow, steep‐turbulent and bifurcating riffle morphologies were most likely to cause problems for upstream bass passage under low flow conditions. Two approaches were used to investigate riffle depths and velocities over a range of flows. A rapid assessment approach directly measured thalweg depths and velocities under two controlled flow release rates in riffles identified as being potentially problematic to upstream bass passage. Detailed topographic surveys and two dimensional hydraulic modelling with River2D was undertaken for two riffles identified as ‘worst case’ examples of wide‐shallow and steep‐turbulent morphologies. Results from both approaches were consistent and complementary. Both approaches identified riffles where minimum depths and maximum velocities were likely to be problematic for upstream passage by Australian bass at a flow rate of 130 MLd−1 (the current regulated flow release) but were mitigated at flow rates above 300 MLd−1. Assessment of environmental flow regime transparency and translucency threshold options with regard to a 300 MLd−1 target flow indicated that options where the transparency threshold was set at the 80th flow duration percentile (flows equalled or exceeded for 80% of time), and varied according to the monthly pattern of natural flows, improved hydraulic conditions for upstream bass migration. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
First Isolation and Structural Characterization of N‐base Adducts of Mono‐ and Perfluoroaryliodine(III) Compounds, ArfIX2 (X = F, CN)
Authors: Frohn Hermann‐Josef , Hirschberg Markus Egon , Westphal Ulrich , Flörke Ulrich , Boese Roland , Bläser Dieter 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe adducts of aryliodinedifluorides ArfIF2, (Arf = C6F5; x‐FC6H4, x = 2, 3, 4) and aryliodinedicyanide 4‐FC6H4I(CN)2 with N‐bases (phenanthroline, 2,2′‐bipyridine, and quinoline) were isolated and characterized by their single crystal structure, Raman spectra, and their multi nuclear magnetic resonance spectra in solution. Their properties and their thermal decomposition are discussed with respect to the non‐coordinated analogues.
Automating the transformation-based analysis of visual languages
Authors: de Lara Juan , Vangheluwe Hans 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
We present a novel approach for the automatic generation of model-to-model transformations given a description of the operational semantics of the source language in the form of graph transformation rules. The approach is geared to the generation of transformations from Domain-Specific Visual Languages (DSVLs) into semantic domains with an explicit notion of transition, like for example Petri nets. The generated transformation is expressed in the form of operational triple graph grammar rules that transform the static information (initial model) and the dynamics (source rules and their execution control structure). We illustrate these techniques with a DSVL in the domain of production systems, for which we generate a transformation into Petri nets. We also tackle the description of timing aspects in graph transformation rules, and its analysis through their automatic translation into Time Petri nets.
Multimodal Perioperative Rehabilitation for Colonic Surgery in the Elderly
Authors: Rumstadt B. , Guenther N. , Wendling P. , Engemann R. , Germer C. T. , Schmid M. , Kipfmueller K. , Walz M. K. , Schwenk W. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackgroundTraditional perioperative care for colonic surgery in elderly patients is associated with increased morbidity and mortality compared to that of younger patients. Although multimodal perioperative rehabilitation has evolved as a valid concept to improve postoperative outcome, its use has not yet been established for colonic surgery in the elderly.MethodsData from 24 German hospitals performing multimodal perioperative rehabilitation as the standard perioperative care for elderly patients who have undergone elective colonic resection was assessed in a prospective multicenter study between April 2005 and April 2007.ResultsA total of 742 patients aged ≥70 were examined. Overall compliance with the multimodal care protocol decreased with increasing age. Although laparoscopic colonic surgery was performed in 39.1% of the septuagenarians, the number decreased to 25.1% in the very old patients. The overall complication rate was 22.9% in the septuagenarians (18.1% surgical and 11.6% general complications) and increased in the very old patients to 38.4% (28.0% and 23.6%, respectively) The overall mortality rate was 1.0% and showed no age‐specific variations.ConclusionsAlthough the overall morbidity did increase with age, it was still less when compared to that of historical groups with traditional care. Therefore, multimodal perioperative rehabilitation should be recommended for the elderly.
Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfate Micellization and Water Solubility Enhancement Towards Naphthalene and Pyrene: Effect of the Degree of Ethoxylation
Authors: Aoudia Mohamed , Al‐Haddabi Butheina , Al‐Harthi Zuleikha , Al‐Rubkhi Aadel 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe effect of ethoxylation on self‐aggregation behavior in aqueous media of sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES), C12H25 (OCH2CH2)xOSO3Na, where x = 1 (SLE1S), x = 2 (SLE2S), and x = (SLE3S) was investigated. CMCs were determined from the effect of surfactant concentration on (2,2′‐bipyridine dichloro‐ruthenium(II) hexahydrate (Ru(bipy)32+,2Cl−) fluorescence emission. Aggregation numbers and micelle concentrations were estimated from the fluorescent quenching of (Ru(bipy)32+,2Cl−) by 9‐methylanthracene. Interestingly, critical micelle concentrations (0.80 mM), average aggregation numbers (N = 43), and micelle concentrations ([M] = 40 μM) were found to be independent of the degree of ethoxylation. Water solubilization enhancement of naphthalene and pyrene by SLES was also investigated. Water solubility enhancement for naphthalene and pyrene was observed with increasing degrees of ethoxylation and follow the order SLE3S > SLE2S > SLE1S. The higher impact of oxyethylene (OE) groups on solubilization enhancement of naphthalene over pyrene was taken as an indication for a preferential distribution of the relatively polar organic naphthalene molecule at the outer layer of the micelle in close contact with the hydrated oxyethylene units, thereby allowing for a strong polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)—micelle interaction. On the other hand, pyrene molecule is preferentially distributed in the core of the micelle, relatively far away from the OE units located at the micelle‐water interface for PAH‐micelle interaction to occur. Water solubility enhancement for both PAHs was also was associated with an increase in SLES micelle size with the degree of ethoxylation as well as to the accessibility of the locus solubilization for the solute.
Enhanced lumbar spine bone mineral content in piglets fed arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid is modulated by severity of growth restriction
Authors: Kohut June , Watkins Bruce , Weiler Hope 
Published: May 2009

The infant born small size for gestational age (SGA) has low bone mass. Since dietary arachidonic acid (AA) and DHA enhance bone mass in normal-birth-weight piglets the objective of the present study was to test for such benefits in the SGA piglet. In the present 15 d study, two levels of dietary AA and DHA (6:1 ratio of AA:DHA diets, 0·6:0·1 or 1·2:0·2 g/100 g dietary fat) v. a control diet were tested for effects on growth, fatty acid status, whole-body and regional bone mineral content (BMC) and metabolism in SGA piglets categorised as either very low birth weight (VLBW; ≤ 1·0 kg; n 12) or low birth weight (LBW; 1·1 to 1·2 kg; n 18). Differences in outcomes for each body weight category were detected using ANOVA with post hoc Bonferroni tests. Growth was not influenced by diet, yet the LBW piglets fed 0·6:0·1 AA and DHA as g/100 g fat had elevated BMC in the spine, whereas the VLBW piglets had higher BMC of the spine if fed the higher intake of AA and DHA. In both weight categories, the higher intake of AA and DHA lowered bone resorption relative to controls, whereas bone formation was unchanged. Tissue fatty acid concentrations reflected dietary AA and DHA, especially trabecular bone of VLBW piglets. Whether the enhanced lumbar spine BMC is due to enhanced Ca absorption and thus suppression of bone resorption remains to be established.
On Schur's second partition theorem
Authors: Andrews George E. 
Published: May 2009

In 1926, I. J. Schur proved the following theorem on partitions [3].The number of partitions of n into parts congruent to ±1 (mod 6) is equal to the number of partitions of n of the form 1 + …+bs = n, where bi–bi+1 ≧ 3 and, if 3 ∣ bi, then bi–bi+1 > 3.Schur's proof was based on a lemma concerning recurrence relations for certain polynomials. In 1928, W. Gleissberg gave an arithmetic proof of a strengthened form of Schur's theorem [2]; however, the combinatorial reasoning in Gleissberg's paper becomes very intricate.
Type Radicals
Authors: Leavitt W. G. 
Published: May 2009

The lower radical of a module type. For a ring R with unit, the module type t(R) was defined in [6] as follows: t(0) = 0; t(R) = d if every free R-module has invariant rank; t(R) = (c, k) for integers c, k ≧ 1 if every free R-module of rank < c has invariant rank, while a free module of rank h ≧ c has rank h + nk for any integer n ≧ 0. The module types form a lattice under the ordering 0 < (c, k) < d and (c', k') ≦ (c, k) if and only if c ' ≦ c and k' Ⅰ k. Two of the basic theorems on types are:A. [6; Theorem 2, p. 115] If R → R' is a unit-preserving homomorphism, then t(R')≦ t(R).
Remark on a criterion for common transversals
Authors: Perfect Hazel 
Published: May 2009

All sets considered will be finite, and |x| will denote the cardinal number of the set X.Let = (Ai:i∈I) be a family of subsets of a set E. A subset E′ ⊆ E is called a transversal of if there exists a bijection σ:E′→ I such that e ∈ Aσ(e) (e ∈ E′). According to a well-known theorem of P. Hall [2], the familyhas a transversal if and only iffor every subset I′ of I. Ford and Fulkerson [1] obtained (as a special case of a more general theorem) an analogous criterion for the existence of a common transversal (CT) of two families. We may state their result in the following terms.
A covering theorem for typically real functions
Authors: Brannan D. A. , Kirwan W. E. 
Published: May 2009

Let T denote the class of functionsf(z) = z+a2z2+…that are analytic in U = {|z| <1}, and satisfy the conditionImf(z). Imz≧ 0 (zεU).Thus T denotes the class of typically real functions introduced by W. Rogosinski [5].One of the most striking results in the theory of functionsg(z) = z + b2z2…that are analytic and univalent in U is the Koebe-Bieberbach covering theorem which states that {|w| <¼} ⊂ g(U). In this note we point out that the same result holds for functions in the class T, a fact which seems to have been overlooked previously. We also determine the largest subdomain of U in which every f(z) in T is univalent, extending previous results in [1] and [2].
The a-points of Faber polynomials for a special function
Authors: Al-Amiri Hassoon S. 
Published: May 2009

Let f(ζ) be a power series of the formwhere lim sup |an|1/n < ∞. The Faber polynomials {fn(ζ)} (n = 0, 1, 2, …) are the polynomial parts of the formal expansion of (f(ζ))n about ζ = ∞. Series (1) defines an analytic element of an analytic function which we designate as w = f(ζ). Since at ζ = ∞ the analytic element is univalent in some neighborhood of infinity; thus the inverse of this element is uniquely determined in some neighborhood of w= ∞, and has a Laurent expansion of the formwhere lim sup |bn|1/n = p < ∞. Let ζ = g(w) be this single-valued function defined by (2) in |w| > p. No analytic continuation of g(w) will be considered.
Hereditary semisimple classes
Authors: Leavitt W. G. 
Published: May 2009

It is well-known (see e.g. [1, p. 5]) that a class ℳ of (not necessarily associative) rings is the semisimple class for some radical class, relative to some universal class if and only if it has the following properties:(a)if ℳ, then every non-zero ideal I of Rhas a non-zero homomorphic image I/J∈ℳ.(b) If R∈ but R∉ℳ, then R has a non-zero ideal I∈, where ℳ = {K ∈ | every non-zero K/H∉ℳ}. In fact ℳ is the radical class whose semisimple class is ℳ. On the other hand, if ℘ is a radical class, then ℐ℘ = {K∈/ if I is a non-zero ideal of K, then I∉℘} is its semisimple class. If a class ℳ is hereditary (that is, when R∈ℳ, then all its ideals are in ℳ), it clearly satisfies (a), but there do exist non-hereditary semisimple classes (see [2]). The condition (satisfied in all associative or alternative classes) is that ℘ is hereditary for a radical class ℘ if and only if ℘(I) ⊆ ℘(R) for all ideals I of all rings R∈ [3, Lemma 2, p. 595].
On bornological products
Authors: Robertson A. P. 
Published: May 2009

It is well known that, provided that the indexing set I is not too large, the productof a family of bornological locally convex topological vector spaces Eαis bornological. Products of bornological spaces were first studied by Mackey [3]. He reduced the problem to the study of R1, showing that this space is bornological if and only if I satisfies a certain condition, related to a problem in measure theory posed by Ulam [5]. We shall therefore call it the Mackey-Ulam condition on I. A similar study of the spaces R1 is to be found in the paper [4] by Simons; see also [1, Ch. IV, §6, exercise 3].
On a functional equation for the exponential function of a complex variable
Authors: Haruki Hiroshi 
Published: May 2009

The following result is well known in the theory of analytic functions; see [1].Theorem A. Suppose that f(z) is an entire function of a complex variable z. Then f(z) satisfies the functional equationwhere z = x + iy (x, y real), if and only if f(z) = aexp(sz), where a is an arbitrary complex constant and s is an arbitrary real constant.
On the range of finite embeddings of a finite amalgam
Authors: Majeed Abdul 
Published: May 2009

Certain questions about the range of finite embeddings of a finite amalgam were discussed in [3]. Another pertinent question is the following.If a finite reduced amalgam has both an infinite and a finite embedding, does it have a maximal finite embedding such that all other finite embeddings are its homomorphic images? We give a counter example to answer this question in the negative. The finite amalgam considered will involve a group from the family of groups of the type (l, m; n, k) discussed by Coxeter [2] having the following presentationThese groups may be regarded as factor groups ofwhich is known to be finite ifand infinite otherwise.
A direct proof of Leutbecher's Lemma
Authors: Wohlfahrt Klaus 
Published: May 2009

Using the theory of group extensions, A. Leutbecher [1] proved thisLemma. Let G bea group, and w some 2-cocycle of a trivial G-module M. The cohomology class ofw will contain symmetric cocycles if and only if w is semisymmetric.Here we have called w symmetric or semisymmetric according as w(h, g) = w(g, h) for all g, h ∈G or only for those with hg = gh. In one direction, the proof reduces to observing that 2-coboundaries of trivial G-modules are semisymmetric. The nontrivial part of the lemma also admits of a straightforward proof, as follows.
Simultaneous dual integral equations
Authors: Lowndes J. S. 
Published: May 2009

Lowengrub [l] has considered simultaneous dual integral equations of the formwhere i = 1,2 …n, I1= {x:0 ≦ x x <1}, I2 {= x:0 ≦ x >1}, the cIJ are constants, the f1(x) are known functions and the functions φ(x) are to be determined.denotes the modified operator of the Hankel transform with the inversion formula
Delange's characterization of the sine function
Authors: Ching Chin-Hung , Chui Charles K. 
Published: May 2009

In [2], H. Delange gives the following characterization of the sine function.Theorem A. f(x)=sin x is the only infinitely differentiable real-valued function on the real line such that f'(O)= 1 andfor all real x and n = 0,1,2,….It is clear that, if f satisfies (1), then the analytic continuation of f is an entire function satisfyingfor all z in the complex plane. Hence f is of at most order one and type one. In this note, we prove the following theorem.
Transform solutions of Dirichlet problems in quarter-spaces
Authors: Sneddon I. N. 
Published: May 2009

In a recent paper, Boudjelkha and Diaz [1] have considered the solutions of the Dirichlet problems for Laplace's equationand for Helmholtz's equationin¼–ℝn. The purpose of this brief note is to show that their formulae may be derived easily by the use of the theory of multiple Fourier transforms.
On Tricomi's relation for the Hilbert transformation
Authors: Rooney P. G. 
Published: May 2009

Tricomi [2] has shown that if φi ∈ Lpi (− ∞, ∞), i = 1, 2, where 1 < pi < ∞, (pi)–l + (P2)–1 < 1, and if H denotes the Hilbert transformation, that iswhere the symbol (P) denotes that the integral is taken in the Cauchy principal value sense, then
Kernel functors for which the associated idempotent kernel functor is stable
Authors: Manocha J. N. 
Published: May 2009

Let R be a ring with unity and let denote the category of unital right R-modules. A preradical γ of is a functor γ: → such that(i) γ(M) ⊆ M for each R-module M,(ii) for f:M → N, γ(f) is the restriction of f to γ(M).
Properties and applications of a certain operator associated with the Kontorovich-Lebedev transform
Authors: Ben-Menahem Ari 
Published: May 2009

The integralarises in problems of scalar wave propagation in welded elastic wedges. In (1.1), Kim(β1r) is the modified Bessel function of the second kind and m, τ are real. It is shown that Q(τ, m) is a generalized function that includes a complex shift operator. We shall investigate the properties of this operator and establish a new integral transform based on the kernel Q(τ, m).
Divisibility in categories of a class which includes the category of binary relations
Authors: Fitz-Gerald D. G. 
Published: May 2009

Green's relations are essential for “co-ordinatizing” semigroups. Jacqueline Klasa, in applying cognate ideas to categories [4, 5], has shown that divisibility in suitably-behaved categories may be described in terms of subobjects and quotients.Here it is shown that adjoint functors which are onto objects preserve divisibility (in a certain sense). The inclusion functor of the category of sets into the category R of binary relations is such a functor. A slight modification of its right adjoint allows the representation of R as a full subcategory in a category CSL of complete semilattice morphisms.
States which have a trace-like property relative to a C*-subalgebra of B(H)
Authors: Robertson Guyan 
Published: May 2009

In what follows, B(H) will denote the C*-algebra of all bounded linear operators on a Hilbert space H. Suppose we are given a C*-subalgebra A of B(H), which we shall suppose contains the identity operator 1. We are concerned with the existence of states f of B(H) which satisfy the following trace-like relation relative to A:Our first result shows the existence of states f satisfying (*), when A is the C*-algebra C*(x) generated by a normaloid operator × and the identity. This allows us to give simple proofs of some well-known results in operator theory. Recall that an operator × is normaloid if its operator norm equals its spectral radius.
Ranges of Lyapunov Transformations for operator algebras
Authors: Kyle J. 
Published: May 2009

In this paper we shall extend results obtained in [5] to the W*-algebra setting.Let be a C*-algebra and let + denote the set of positive elements in . Given a fixed element A in , the Lyapunov transformation LA corresponding to A is the mapping of into itself which sends X to AX+XA*. We are interested in characterizing those Bin for which
On the representation of a number as a sum of squares
Authors: Gundlach Karl-Bernhard 
Published: May 2009

It is well known that the number Ak(m) of representations of a positive integer m as the sum of k squares of integers can be expressed in the formwhere Pk(m) is a divisor function, and Rk(m) is a remainder term of smaller order. (1) is a consequence of the fact thatis a modular form for a certain congruence subgroup of the modular group, andwithwhere Ek(z) is an Eisenstein series and is a cusp form (as was first pointed out by Mordell [9]). The result (1) remains true if m is taken to be a totally positive integer from a totally real number field K and Ak(m) is the number of representations of m as the sum of k squares of integers from K (at least for 2|k, k>2, and for those cases with 2+k which have been investigated). then are replaced by modular forms for a subgroup of the Hilbert modular group with Fourier expansions of the form (10) (see section 2).
On the decomposition of a field as a tensor product
Authors: Cohn P. M. 
Published: May 2009

The following two results in the theory of division algebras are well known and easily proved, for an arbitrary commutative field k (cf. for example [3, Chapter 10]).(i) The tensor product of two central division algebras over k of coprime degrees is again a division algebra.(ii) Every central division algebra over k is a tensor product of division algebras of prime power degrees.It is natural to ask whether corresponding results hold for commutative fields. The answers are not hard to find but (as far as I am aware) have not appeared in print before; since they throw some light on the nature of tensor products they seemed worth recording.
A problem in lie rings
Authors: Wiegold James 
Published: May 2009

An important step in the proof of Kostrikin's fundamental theorem [2] on finite groups of prime exponent is the following result.Theorem 1. Let L be a Lie algebra of characteristic p satisfying the t-th Engel condition for some t < p, and suppose that L is generated by elements that are right-Engel of length 2. Then L is locally nilpotent.
On generalization of decomposability
Authors: Lange Ridgley 
Published: May 2009

Let X be a complex Banach space and let T be a bounded linear operator on X. Then T is decomposable if for every finite open cover of σ(T) there are invariant subspaces Yi(i= 1, 2, …, n) such that(An invariant subspace Y is spectral maximal [for T] if it contains every invariant subspace Z for which σ(T|Z) ⊂ σ(T|Y).).
Immersed surfaces and pencils of planes in 3-space
Authors: de Carvalho F. J.Craveiro 
Published: May 2009

Let M be a compact connected boundaryless surface and f: M → ℝ3 a smooth immersion transverse to a straight line L. Thus there is an even number p of points xεM such that f(x)εL. Under further transversality assumptions on f (see §3) there is a finite number q of points x of M such that the plane containing f(x) and L touches f(M) at f(x). These assumptions are mild in the sense that they hold for any f in an open dense subset of the space of smooth immersions under consideration. Suppose that the Gaussian curvature of f(M) is positive at q+ of these points and negative at q−, with q = q++ q−. Thenwhere e(M) denotes the Euler number of M.