bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recruitment of Planktonic Dinoflagellates: Importance of Benthic Resting Stages and Resuspension Events
Authors: Nehring Stefan 
Published: November 2010

AbstractMany factors have ken put forward to account for the development of nuisance phytoplankton blooms in coastal zones. Usually hydrological factors as temperature or salinity stratification and adequate nutrient and trace metal availability are held responsible for the phenomenon. The most frequent causative organisms for nuisance blooms are dinoflagellates, many of which have a dormant stage (resting cyst) in their life cycle. The role of the complex life‐strategies of these forms in initiating bloom formation is the focus of this study. Special attention is given to 25 different dinoflagellate resting cyst types isolated from recent German North Sea and Baltic Sea sediments, and their germination frequency under different environmental conditions. Also, the role of cyst resuspension in relationship to the timing, persistence and recurrence of dinoflagellate blooms is extensive discussed.
Chironomid Assemblages of Three Endoreic Karstic Lagoons (Southern Spain) Determined by Collection of Pupal Exuviae: Importance of the Water Mineralization and Sediment Characteristics
Authors: Casas J. Jesus , Vilchez‐Quero A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractFloating chironomid pupal exuviae were collected every three months from January 1992 to April 1993 on the windward shore of three endoreic karstic lagoons varying in the mineralization of the water and the characteristics of the sediment.A total of 16 chironomid species were identified in the three lagoons studied. Species richness was rather similar in the lagoons, varying from 8 species in Lagoon Chica to 10 species in Lagoon Caja. The chironomid assemblage of Lagoon Caja seems to be determined by the vast cover of aquatic macro‐phytes (mainly Myriophyllcim spicurum), a substrate widely preferred by the species of the subfamily Orthocladiinae. However, in Lagoon Chica with a similar cover of M. spicurm, only one Orthocladi‐inae species was found with a low relative abundance. The higher salinity may have limited the colonization of more Orthocladiinae species.The chironomid assemblages of the lagoons Chica and Grande are largely determined by the high mineralization of the water, most of the resident species being widely recognized as halophilous or tolerant of a wide range of water mineralization, and by the concomitant high intensity and frequency of disturbance in the sediment. Continuous anoxia, sulphide production and the compact layer of salt precipitates in these lagoons appear to deplete the abundance of sedentary detritivorous‐phytophagous species, but allow a stronger representation of highly mobile facultative predatory taxa (e.g. Proclucliiis) which are more able to withstand this constantly stressed environment, as in the profundal benthos of eutrophic aquatic systems with long‐lasting periods of anoxia.
Tubifex tubifex (Müller, 1774) (Oligochaeta, Tubificidae) in the Profundal of Estonian Lakes
Authors: Timm Tarmo 
Published: November 2010

AbstractTubifex tubifex (Müller, 1774) was found in the profundal of 23 Estonian lakes out of the 187 lakes where oligochaetes were met in the deeper zone: in 4 cases as the single tubificid species but usually together with Potamothrix hammoniensis (Michaelsen) dominating in almost all lakes. T. tubifex was abundant and large in size in the profundal of a few lakes with mesotrophic features but scarce and dwarfish (if not lacking) in the common eutrophic ones. Observations in aquaria demonstrate that its occurrence in eutrophic lakes is not limited by the bacterial food. Some kind of competition with P. hammoniensis can be supposed but no direct evidence exists. Recent colonization of the profundal of an eutrophic lake by T. tubifex, probably from the littoral of the same lake, was observed.
Genetic Variation and Divergence in the Genus Carcinus (Crustacea, Decapoda)
Authors: Bulnheim H.‐P. , Bahns S. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe extent of genetic differentiation of the decapod crustaceans Carcinus maenas (L.) and C. aestuarii Nardo was studied in nine nearshore locations comprising various European marine and brackish‐water habitats, (Norway, Germany, France, Spain, Italy and Yugoslavia), using starch gel electrophoresis. The heterozygosity for all 19 allozyme loci was 0.026–0.016 (C. maenas) and 0.011–0.003 (C. aestuarii); one locus (Pgm) was the most polymorphic. The populations had rather low levels of genetic variability, comparable to those found in other decapods. In general, a light clinal variation in allele frequencies was discovered at the Pgm locus of C. maenas as latitude decreased. Because of similar morphologies and a closed genetic relationship (I = 0.89), the two forms should be considered subspecies. Therefore, the designation of the Atlantic subspecies C. maenas maenas is proposed, and the term of the Mediterranean subspecies C. maenas aestuarii is recommended.
Preferences
Authors: Swift Joshua K. , Callahan Jennifer L. , Vollmer Barbara M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractClient preferences are recognized as a key component to evidence‐based practice; however, research has yet to confirm the actual influence preferences have on treatment outcome. In this meta‐analysis, we summarize results from 35 studies that have examined the preference effect with adult clients. Overall, clients who were matched to their preferred therapy conditions were less likely to drop out of therapy prematurely (OR=.59, p<.001) and showed greater improvements in treatment outcomes (d=.31, p<.001). Type of preference (role, therapist, or treatment type) was not found to moderate the preference effect, but study design was found to be a significant moderator, with randomized controlled trials showing the largest differences between preference‐matched clients and nonmatched clients. These results underscore the centrality of incorporating patient preferences when making treatment decisions. Clinical examples and therapeutic practices are provided. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 67:155–165, 2011.
No‐carrier‐added radioiodination of triolborates, water‐soluble complexes of boronic acids
Authors: Akula Murthy R. , Yao Min‐Liang , Kabalka George W. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA convenient and rapid synthesis of iodine‐123 labeled aryl and heteroaryl iodides from water‐soluble complexes of aryl‐ and heteroarylboronic acids has been developed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Radioiodination of polymer‐supported organotrifluoroborates
Authors: Yong Li , Yao Min‐Liang , Kelly Hall , Green James F. , Kabalka George W. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractTo simplify the purification of radiolabeled compounds, a novel strategy that combines the advantages of polymer chemistry and organotrifluoroborate chemistry was examined. It was discovered that the no‐carrier‐added radioiodination of readily prepared Dowex‐supported organotrifluoroborates can be successfully achieved using a variety of oxidants, including a polymer‐supported oxidant. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
[N‐Methyl‐11C]choline by on‐column reaction: a study on [11C]CH3I incorporation and the residual amount of precursor in the product
Authors: Bogni A. , Crispu O. , Fugazza L. , Cucchi C. , Laera L. , Iwata R. , Crippa F. , Bombardieri E. , Pascali C. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract[N‐Methyl‐11C]choline has been synthesized at room temperature by the reaction of [11C]CH3I with 2‐dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE), with the latter directly loaded on a weak cation‐exchange cartridge. Most of the efforts have been directed to reduce the amount of residual precursor in the product's final solution in order to make this tracer more suitable to brain studies. In the process, radiochemical yields and residual DMAE have been placed in relation with both the starting amount of precursor and the rinsing conditions used and compared with the more ‘traditional’ loading of the precursor on either a C18 cartridge or a loop. Comments and indications on the most convenient analytical technique and conditions for quantitative analysis, with particular emphasis on the precursor, are also reported. Under what we believe to be a fair compromise, [11C]CH3I incorporation yields of ca. 90% were easily achieved with a residual amount of starting material in the 8‐ to 12‐ppm range. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An efficient synthesis of [D6]leucocrystal violet
Authors: Yang Weicheng , Luo Yong , Liu Weixia , Deng Xiaojun , Du Xiaoning , Li Meihua 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis report presents an efficient synthesis of [D6]leucocrystal violet. Esterification of p‐toluenesulphonyl chloride with [D4]methanol provided [D3]methyl p‐toluenesulphonate, which was used to methylate aniline to give [D6]N,N‐dimethylaniline. Condensation of [D6]N,N‐dimethylaniline with bis[4‐(dimethylamino)phenyl]methanol afforded [D6]leucocrystal violet in an overall yield of 30% in three steps. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collision‐induced dissociation mass spectra of positive ions derived from tetrahydropyranyl (THP) ethers of primary alcohols
Authors: Ruzicka Josef , Weisbecker Carl , Attygalle Athula B. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractPeaks for [M + H]+ are not observed when electrospray ionization mass spectra of tetrahydropyranyl (THP) ethers are recorded under acidic conditions. However, gaseous [M + H]+ ions can be generated from ammonium adducts of THP ethers of primary alcohols by in‐source fragmentation. The product ion spectra of these proton adducts show two significant peaks at m/z 85 and 103. Tandem mass spectrometric data obtained from appropriately deuteriated derivatives and ab initio calculations indicate that the m/z 85 ion originates from more than one mechanism and represents two structurally different species. A charge‐directed E1‐elimination mechanism or an inductive cleavage mechanism can produce the 3,4,5,6‐tetrahydropyrylium ion as one of the structures for the m/z 85 ion, whereas a charge‐remote process with ring contraction can generate the 5‐methyl‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐furylium ion as the other structure. A comparison of the relative abundances of product ions from different isotopologues showed that the charge‐remote process is the preferred mechanism. This is congruent with the ab initio calculations, which showed that the dihydrofurylium ion bears the lowest energy structure. The less abundant m/z 103 ion, which represents a protonated tetrahydropyran‐2‐ol, is formed by a charge‐remote process via a proton transfer from the alkyl substituent. This process involves the formation and rearrangement of a carbenium ion in close association with a hydroxypentanal molecule. A proton transfer from the carbenium ion to the aldehyde is followed by elimination of an alkene. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Three‐dimensional in situ zonal morphology of viable growth plate chondrocytes: A confocal microscopy study
Authors: Amini Samira , Veilleux Daniel , Villemure Isabelle 
Published: November 2010

AbstractLongitudinal growth, occurring in growth plates with structurally distinct zones, has clinical implications in the treatment of progressive skeletal deformities. This study documents the three‐dimensional morphology of chondrocytes within histological zones of growth plate using confocal microscopy combined with fluorescent labeling techniques. Three‐dimensional reconstruction of Calcein AM‐labeled chondrocytes was made from stacks of confocal images recorded in situ from 4‐week‐old swine growth plates. Three‐dimensional quantitative morphological measurements were further performed and compared at both tissue and cell levels. Chondrocyte volume and surface area increased about five‐ and threefold, respectively, approaching the chondro‐osseous junction from the pool of reserve cells. Chondrocytes from the proliferative zone were the most discoidal cells (sphericity of 0.81 ± 0.06) among three histological zones. Minimum and maximum cell/matrix volume ratios were identified in the reserve (11.0 ± 2.2) and proliferative zones (16.8 ± 3.0), respectively. Evaluated parameters revealed the heterogeneous and zone‐dependent morphological state of the growth plate. Tissue and cellular morphology may have noteworthy contribution to the growth plate behavior during growth process. The ability to obtain in situ cell morphometry and monitor the changes in the growth direction could improve our understanding of the mechanisms through which abnormal growth is triggered. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:710–717, 2011
Development of a combined database for meta‐epidemiological research
Authors: Savović Jelena , Harris Ross J. , Wood Lesley , Beynon Rebecca , Altman Doug , Als‐Nielsen Bodil , Balk Ethan M. , Deeks Jonathan , Gluud Lise Lotte , Gluud Christian , Ioannidis John P. A. , Jűni Peter , Moher David , Pildal Julie , Schulz Kenneth F. , Sterne Jonathan A. C. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractCollections of meta‐analyses assembled in meta‐epidemiological studies are used to study associations of trial characteristics with intervention effect estimates. However, methods and findings are not consistent across studies. To combine data from 10 meta‐epidemiological studies into a single database, and derive a harmonized dataset without overlap between meta‐analyses. The database design allowed trials to be contained in different meta‐analyses, multiple meta‐analyses in systematic reviews, overlapping meta‐analyses between systematic reviews, and multiple references to the same trial or review. Unique identifiers were assigned to each reference and used to identify duplicate trials. Sets of meta‐analyses with overlapping trials were identified and duplicates removed. Overlapping trials were used to examine agreement between assessments of trial characteristics. The combined database contained 427 reviews, 454 meta‐analyses and 4874 trial results. Of these, 258 meta‐analyses were unique, while for 196 at least one trial overlapped with another meta‐analysis. Median kappa statistics for reliability of assessments were 0.60 for sequence generation, 0.58 for allocation concealment and 0.87 for blinding. Based on inspection of sets of overlapping meta‐analyses, 91 meta‐analyses containing 1344 trial results were removed. Additionally, 24 duplicated trial results were removed from 16 meta‐analyses, to derive a final database containing 363 meta‐analyses and 3477 unique trial results. The final database will be used to examine the combined evidence on sources of bias in randomized controlled trials. The strategy used to remove overlap between meta‐analyses may be of use for future empirical research. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Posttraumatic stress among young urban children exposed to family violence and other potentially traumatic events
Authors: Crusto Cindy A. , Whitson Melissa L. , Walling Sherry M. , Feinn Richard , Friedman Stacey R. , Reynolds Jesse , Amer Mona , Kaufman Joy S. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis study examines the relationship between the number of types of traumatic events experienced by children 3 to 6 years old, parenting stress, and children's posttraumatic stress (PTS). Parents and caregivers provided data for 154 urban children admitted into community‐based mental health or developmental services. By parent and caregiver report, children experienced an average of 4.9 different types of potentially traumatic events. Nearly one quarter of the children evidenced clinically significant PTS. Posttraumatic stress was positively and significantly related to family violence and other family‐related trauma exposure, nonfamily violence and trauma exposure, and parenting stress. Additionally, parenting stress partially mediated the relationship between family violence and trauma exposure and PTS. This study highlights the need for early violence and trauma exposure screening in help‐seeking populations so that appropriate interventions are initiated.
Investigation on corrosion of titanium/steel brazed joint
Authors: Elrefaey A. , Wojarski L. , Tillmann W. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractFurnace vacuum brazing has been employed to join commercially pure titanium alloy and low carbon steel using a silver‐based filler metal with a composition of Ag‐Cu34‐Ti2 (wt%). Three different brazing temperatures (850°C, 880°C, 930°C) and two holding times (5 and 15 min) were applied and evaluated. The corrosion behavior of the joints in 0.1 M sulfuric acid was investigated using immersion and electrochemical tests. Measurements of corrosion potential, corrosion current density, corrosion rate, polarization resistance, weight loss, and morphology of corrosion attack were used in this study. The results indicated that a severe corrosion attack at the interfacial area of the steel side took place. Despite the difference in corrosion rate values obtained by electrochemical and weight loss measurements, the trend of the results was identical to a large extent. The corrosion resistance of the joint showed a general tendency to increase with an increasing brazing temperature and holding time. Therefore, the joints produced at a temperature of 930°C and a holding time of 15 min produced the best result concerning the corrosion behavior.Vakuumofenlöten wurde zum Fügen der kommerziellen reinen Titanlegierung mit niedriglegiertem Stahl unter Verwendung eines Silberbasislotes der Zusammensetzung Ag‐Cu34‐Ti2 (Gew.‐%) eingesetzt. Drei verschiedene Temperaturen (850°C, 880°C, 930°C) und zwei Haltezeiten (5 min und 15 min) wurden angewendet und ausgewertet. Das Korrosionsverhalten der Verbunde in 0,1 molarer Schwefelsäure wurde mit Tauch‐ und elektrochemischen Versuchen untersucht. Messungen des Korrosionspotenzials, der Korrosionsstromdichte, Korrosionsrate, Polarisationsresistenz, des Masseverlustes und Morphologie des Korrosionsangriffes wurden in dieser Studie durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass ein starker Angriff im Interfacebereich auf der Stahlseite statt gefunden hat. Trotz der in elektrochemischen und Masseverlustversuchen ermittelten Differenz der Korrosionsratewerte war der Trend der Ergebnisse weitgehend identisch. Der Korrosionswiderstand des Fügeverbunds zeigte eine generell steigende Tendenz bei erhöhten Löttemperaturen und Haltezeiten. Daher erzielten die bei 930°C in 15 min gelöteten Fügeverbunde die besten Ergebnisse in Hinsicht auf das Korrosionsverhalten.
The estimation of the contact interface temperature during resistance spot welding of zinc coated steels using numerical technique
Authors: Galler M. , Enzinger N. , Sommitsch C. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn this paper the unit area electrical contact resistance curves for galvanized DP600 steel at the electrode‐sheet and sheet‐sheet interface were estimated using experimental resistance data and the finite element modeling technique. A modified experimental resistance spot welding procedure was employed to analyze the total dynamic resistance as a function of welding current at the peak in the first half wave. The resulting experimental data was used in a numerical procedure with the finite element modeling program SYSWELD to predict unit area electrical contact resistance curves. The numerical procedure enabled the separation of the bulk material resistance contribution as well as the prediction of the contact interface temperature at each current input in the simulation. The new contact resistance curves were used in a resistance spot welding simulation and the resulting shape and radius of the molten zone and heat affected zone were compared to experimental weld cross sections.Es wurde hier der elektrische Kontaktwiderstand an der Elektrode‐Blech und der Blech‐Blech Oberfläche an einem feuerverzinkten DP600 Stahl als Funktion der Temperatur ermittelt. Experimentelle Widerstandswerte wurden als Funktion des Schweißstromes gemessen, und anschließend mit dem FEM Programm SYSWELD verglichen und optimiert. In diesem numerischen Verfahren wurde der Stoffwiderstand für verschiedene Stromstärken (1 kA Schritte) berechnet, um aus den Differenzen den Kontaktwiderstandswert genau zu bestimmen. Anschließend wurde mit Hilfe der FEM Methode die Temperatur an der Kontaktoberfläche optimiert, um die experimentell und numerisch ermittelten Widerstandswerte abzugleichen. Die ermittelten Kontaktwiderstandskurven wurden in der Simulation verwendet und der Schmelzzonen‐ sowie der Wärmeeinflusszonenradius mit den experimentellen Ergebnissen verglichen.
Application of fatigue approaches on fillet welds of high strength steel
Authors: Stoschka M. , Leitner M. , Fössl T. , Leitner H. , Eichlseder W. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractTo calculate the fatigue behaviour of welded structures local fatigue approaches like the effective notch stress approach are used. This paper examines the application of the notch stress approach for thin‐walled specimens made of high‐strength steel. Focus is laid on the end‐of‐seam fatigue behaviour. To highlight the differences between welding of transversal stiffener and longitudinal gusset a coupled weld simulation was set‐up. The comparative results and measurements showed that the intersecting start and stop areas of the longitudinal gusset define the regions with highest residual stresses. The thin‐walled fatigue investigations showed that the notch stress approach supports the use of a single master SN‐curve both for continuous fillet welds and end‐of‐seams possessing a slope of three. The influence of the clamping condition can be minimized by using small reference radii. The observed corresponding fatigue ratio is not thoroughly satisfying and will be examined in detail in further work.
CPW‐fed equilateral triangular‐ring slot antenna with capacitive loading
Authors: Chen Ke‐Ren , Sim Chow‐Yen‐Desmond , Hsieh Yuan‐Pu , Row Jeen‐Sheen 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA novel coplanar equilateral triangular‐ring slot antenna with dual frequency operation is proposed for WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) system in the 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz operating bands.Impedance matching for both lower and upper operating bands at 2.4 and 5.8 GHz, respectively, are achieved by capacitively loading the inner triangular patch. To excite the 5.2‐GHz band, two T‐shaped slits are inserted into the triangular patch. The design flow of this antenna is clearly illustrated, and a prototype was constructed and experimentally investigated. Good radiation patterns and stable gain variation are measured for all operating bands. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:2775–2780, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25601
A novel MRI framework for the quantification of any moment of arbitrary velocity distributions
Authors: Dyverfeldt Petter , Sigfridsson Andreas , Knutsson Hans , Ebbers Tino 
Published: November 2010

AbstractMRI can measure several important hemodynamic parameters but might not yet have reached its full potential. The most common MRI method for the assessment of flow is phase‐contrast MRI velocity mapping that estimates the mean velocity of a voxel. This estimation is precise only when the intravoxel velocity distribution is symmetric. The mean velocity corresponds to the first raw moment of the intravoxel velocity distribution. Here, a generalized MRI framework for the quantification of any moment of arbitrary velocity distributions is described. This framework is based on the fact that moments in the function domain (velocity space) correspond to differentials in the Fourier transform domain (kv‐space). For proof‐of‐concept, moments of realistic velocity distributions were estimated using finite difference approximations of the derivatives of the MRI signal. In addition, the framework was applied to investigate the symmetry assumption underlying phase‐contrast MRI velocity mapping; we found that this assumption can substantially affect phase‐contrast MRI velocity estimates and that its significance can be reduced by increasing the velocity encoding range. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.