bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of the dibutyrylchitin molar mass on the bioactive properties of dressings used to treat soft tissue wounds
Authors: Krucinska Izabella , Komisarczyk Agnieszka , Paluch Danuta , Szymonowicz Maria , Zywicka Boguslawa , Pielka Stanislaw 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn this work, we describe a novel technique for producing biocompatible medical products with bioactive properties from the biodegradable polymer dibutyrylchitin (DBC). Materials produced by blowing out polymer solutions have excellent hemostaic properties and are easy to handle during surgery. Biocompatibility studies, encompassing hemostasis and the evaluation of post‐implantation reactions, indicate that the biological properties of DBC depend on the molecular mass of the polymer. Lower molecular mass polymers are preferable for use in implanted wound dressings. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.
Morphological, demographic and genetic traces of Upper Palaeolithic human impact on limpet assemblages in North Iberia
Authors: Turrero P. , Muñoz‐Colmenero M. , Pola I. G. , Arbizu M. , García‐Vázquez E. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractHuman activities have an impact on extant biotic communities, and may have had just as important an impact in the past. We assess human impact on limpet assemblages during the Upper Palaeolithic in Asturias (north‐west Spain). The intensely exploited genus Patella exhibited a marked size decrease and a change in species assemblage composition, substituting the larger species P. vulgata for the smaller P. depressa. The present Patella assemblages in the upper tidal level exhibit the same pattern as those of the Epipalaeolithic (approx. 12 000 to 6000 years before the present). Although climate change may have contributed to such species replacement, spatial differences between close areas with different densities of Palaeolithic human settlements indicate unequivocal human impact. Present Patella species sampled from the region exhibit genetic signatures of past bottlenecks in mitochondrial DNA, which also indicate recent demographic expansion, suggesting that old impacts have been sufficiently important to leave genetic traces in current populations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Orbital‐ and millennial‐scale paleoceanographic changes in the north‐eastern Japan Basin, East Sea/Japan Sea during the late Quaternary
Authors: Khim Boo‐Keun , Ikehara Ken , Irino Tomohisa 
Published: November 2011

AbstractTwo gravity sediment cores (GH99‐1239 and GH99‐1246) obtained from the north‐eastern Japan Basin in the East Sea/Japan Sea were analyzed for the orbital‐ and millennial‐scale paleoceanographic changes. Chronostratigraphically, core GH99‐1239 represents a continuous sedimentary record since 32 ka, based on correlation of distinct lithological markers (i.e. dark layer or TL layer) with those in core GH98‐1232 collected nearby. For core GH99‐1246, the age model is constructed through correlation of lightness (L*) values and tephra (Aso‐4 and Toya) layers with those in the well‐dated Oki Ridge core (MD01‐2407), indicating about 134 ka of sedimentation since the latest Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6. New geochemical data from both cores corroborate orbital‐scale paleoceanographic variation, such that surface‐water productivity, represented by biogenic opal and total organic carbon (TOC) contents, increased during MIS 1 and MIS 5; CaCO3 contents do not show such distinct glacial–interglacial cycles, but were influenced by dissolution and preservation rather than foraminiferal production. During the glacial periods when sea ice was prevalent, surface‐water productivity was low, and bottom‐water conditions became anoxic, as indicated by high total sulfur (TS) contents and high Mo concentrations. The geochemical data further document millennial‐scale paleoceanographic variability, corresponding to a series of thin TL layers in response to Dansgaard–Oeschger cycles but irrespective of the glacial or interglacial periods. In particular, thin TL layers formed during MIS 3 are characterized by less TOC (about 1%) and TS (about 0.4%) contents and lower Mo (about 5 p.p.m.) concentration, whereas those during MIS 4 and MIS 5 exhibit more TOC (up to 4%) and TS (up to 5%) contents and higher Mo (up to 120 p.p.m.) concentration. Such a discrepancy is attributed to different degree of surface‐water productivity and of bottom‐water oxygenation, which is closely related to the sea level position and extent of ventilation. Flux of the East China Sea Coastal Water controlled by millennial‐scale paleoclimatic events is the most critical factor in deciding the properties of TL layers in the north‐eastern Japan Basin. Our results strongly confirm that TL layers in the Japan Basin also validate the unique feature of basin‐wide paleoceanographic signals in the East Sea/Japan Sea. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using submaximal contractions to predict the maximum force‐generating ability of muscles
Authors: Flynn Sarah , Knarr Brian A. , Perumal Ramu , Kesar Trisha M. , Binder‐MacLeod Stuart A. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIntroduction: Muscle weakness can be caused by decreases in either the maximum force‐generating ability of a muscle (MFGA) or neural drive from the nervous system (e.g., after a stroke). Presently, there is no agreed‐upon practical method for calculating the MFGA in individuals with central nervous system pathology. The purpose of this study was to identify the best method for determining MFGA. Methods: The predicted and estimated MFGA of the muscles of 23 non‐neurologically impaired subjects (13 males, 21.9 ± 1.9 years) were compared using the burst superimposition, twitch interpolation, doublet interpolation, twitch‐to‐tetanus ratio, and the adjusted burst superimposition methods. Results: The adjusted burst superimposition test was the most accurate predictor of MFGA. Conclusions: Further testing is needed to validate the use of the adjusted burst superimposition test in a neurologically impaired population. Muscle Nerve 45: 849–858, 2012
Chlorine‐free plasma‐based vapour growth of GaN
Authors: Siche D. , Kachel K. , Zwierz R. , Golka S. , Vodopyanov A. , Izotov I. , Sennikov P. , Golubev S. , Franke K.‐P. , Sudhoff P. , Gogova D. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn pure physical vapour transport process for GaN growth, the liquid Ga source has to be kept at temperatures about 1300‐1400 °C to provide sufficient Ga vapour pressure for reasonably large growth rates. The growth temperature needs to be slightly lower to prevent droplet formation in the Ga vapour. At such high temperatures, however, the early ammonia decomposition prevents the favorable growth with reactive nitrogen in excess. The vapour processes under development in this study aim at overcoming the drawbacks of the reaction of physically or chemically transported Ga and ammonia. For this purpose, the reactive nitrogen will be supplied by plasma excitation of N2. First, the results on ammonia‐based GaN growth and their disadvantages are discussed. Then, the challenges in designing of a new type of plasma sources (a microwave and a dielectric barrier discharge) and the first experimental results on the ammonia‐free process development are presented. The microwave approach seems to be very promising in terms of GaN growth. It has higher growth rates than the dielectric barrier discharge method and therefore it is more cost‐effective. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
MOVPE growth of InGaN on Si(111) substrates with an intermediate range of In content
Authors: Bhuiyan Ashraful G. , Mihara A. , Esaki T. , Sugita K. , Hashimoto A. , Yamamoto A. , Watanabe N. , Yokoyama H. , Shigekawa N. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis paper reports on the MOVPE growth of InN and InxGa1‐xN with x up to ∼0.4 on AlN/Si (111) substrates. Good quality InN films are grown after a pretreatment of the substrate surface at 1000 °C in NH3. While pretreatment of the substrate surface in N2results the In droplet formation. Single‐crystalline InxGa1‐xN films with x up to ∼0.4 are successfully grown on Si (111) substrates without phase separation and metallic In incorporation by changing the growth temperature and TMI/(TMI+TEG) molar ratio. Comparative study between the AlN/Si (111) and GaN/α‐Al2O3(0001) substrates shows that the quality of InN, GaN and InGaN with low In contents depends on the quality of the underlying layer. While the quality of InGaN at the intermediate In content range hardly depends on of the underlying layer/substrate. These works will allow us towards the fabrication of the future InGaN‐Si tandem cell using MOVPE. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Surface photovoltage spectroscopy characterization of Al1‐xInxN/AlN/GaN heterostructures
Authors: Pandey Saurabh , Cavalcoli Daniela , Fraboni Beatrice , Cavallini Anna 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe report on MOCVD grown Al1‐xInxN/AlN/GaN heterostructures with different AlN (interlayer) thicknesses, investigated by Surface Photovoltage Spectroscopy. The different contributions to SPV spectra from all the layers present within the structure have been analyzed. Below the GaN band gap SPV analysis has been performed, and the observed peaks related to red, yellow and green defect states in GaN. The density of the two dimensional electron gas (2DEG) forming at the interface has been measured. A band gap shift has been detected and its dependence on the 2DEG electron density at the AlN/GaN interface has been analyzed on the basis of the Moss Burstein and renormalization effects. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Visuospatial Associative Memory and Hippocampal Functioning in Congenital Hypothyroidism
Authors: Wheeler Sarah M. , McAndrews Mary Pat , Sheard Erin D. , Rovet Joanne 
Published: November 2011

AbstractCongenital hypothyroidism is a pediatric endocrine disorder caused by insufficient endogenous thyroid hormone production. Children with congenital hypothyroidism have difficulties with episodic memory and abnormalities in hippocampal structure, suggesting deficient hippocampal functioning. To assess hippocampal activation in adolescents with congenital hypothyroidism (N= 14; age range, 11.5–14.7 years) compared with controls (N= 15; age range, 11.2–15.5 years), a functional magnetic resonance imaging visuospatial memory task was used. In this task, participants had to decide if object pairings were novel or were previously studied or if object pairs were in the same location as they were at study or had switched locations. Despite no group differences in task performance, adolescents with congenital hypothyroidism showed both increased magnitude of hippocampal activation relative to controls and bilateral hippocampal activation when only the left was observed in controls. Furthermore, the increased activation in the congenital hypothyroidism group was correlated with the severity of the hypothyroidism experienced early in life. These results suggest that perinatal deprivation of thyroid hormone has longstanding effects on hippocampal function and may account for memory problems experienced by adolescents with congenital hypothyroidism. (JINS, 2012,18, 49–56)
Laboratory evolution of Geobacter sulfurreducens for enhanced growth on lactate via a single-base-pair substitution in a transcriptional regulator
Authors: Summers Zarath M , Ueki Toshiyuki , Ismail Wael , Haveman Shelley A , Lovley Derek R 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The addition of organic compounds to groundwater in order to promote bioremediation may represent a new selective pressure on subsurface microorganisms. The ability of Geobacter sulfurreducens, which serves as a model for the Geobacter species that are important in various types of anaerobic groundwater bioremediation, to adapt for rapid metabolism of lactate, a common bioremediation amendment, was evaluated. Serial transfer of five parallel cultures in a medium with lactate as the sole electron donor yielded five strains that could metabolize lactate faster than the wild-type strain. Genome sequencing revealed that all five strains had non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the same gene, GSU0514, a putative transcriptional regulator. Introducing the single-base-pair mutation from one of the five strains into the wild-type strain conferred rapid growth on lactate. This strain and the five adaptively evolved strains had four to eight-fold higher transcript abundance than wild-type cells for genes for the two subunits of succinyl-CoA synthase, an enzyme required for growth on lactate. DNA-binding assays demonstrated that the protein encoded by GSU0514 bound to the putative promoter of the succinyl-CoA synthase operon. The binding sequence was not apparent elsewhere in the genome. These results demonstrate that a single-base-pair mutation in a transcriptional regulator can have a significant impact on the capacity for substrate utilization and suggest that adaptive evolution should be considered as a potential response of microorganisms to environmental change(s) imposed during bioremediation.
Blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) larval settlement in North Carolina: environmental forcing, recruit–stock relationships, and numerical modeling
Authors: OGBURN MATTHEW B. , HALL MEGAN , FORWARD JR RICHARD B. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractEcosystem‐based fishery management requires an understanding of relationships between fisheries and environmental variability. The purposes of this study were to investigate (1) how environmental forcing drives variability in larval settlement of the blue crab Callinectes sapidus, (2) whether larval settlement data are useful for determining recruit–stock relationships, and (3) whether environmental data can be used to predict settlement. Megalopae settling on passive collectors in the Newport River estuary, NC, were collected nightly from September to November for 13 yr from 1993 to 2009. Observed settlement was compared with winds, tides, and predicted settlement (numerical model derived from environmental data) using cross‐correlation analysis. Weather events associated with settlement pulses were also identified. Recruit–stock relationships were developed by comparing observed and predicted settlement indices to lagged NC fishery data. Settlement was positively correlated with winds from the northeast, southeast and south in 12 of 13 yr and with maximum duration nighttime flood tides in all years. Settlement pulses occurred when high pressure systems formed over the southeast USA (58% of pulses) or hurricanes (25%), and nearly all occurred during nighttime flood tides (85%). Significant recruit–stock relationships occurred between observed settlement and fishery landings (r2 = 0.96) and effort (r2 = 0.94) in wet years and catch per unit effort (r2 = 0.98) during dry years. The timing of settlement pulses, but not the magnitude of annual settlement, was successfully predicted using the settlement model. These results suggest that blue crab fisheries in NC are influenced both by larval settlement and post‐settlement processes (freshwater inflow).
Proliferating γδ T cells manifest high and spatially confined caspase‐3 activity
Authors: Koenig Andreas , Fortner Karen A. , King Benjamin R. , Madden Jonathan , Buskiewicz Iwona A. , Budd Ralph C. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryCaspase‐8 serves two paradoxical roles in T lymphocytes: it initiates apoptosis following death receptor engagement, and is also indispensible for proliferation following T‐cell antigen receptor (TCR) signalling. These opposing processes appear to be controlled by both spatial and quantitative differences in caspase‐8 activation. Given differences in the turnover of T‐cell subsets, we compared caspase activity and susceptibility to cell death following TCR restimulation in murine CD4+ and CD8+αβ T cells and γδ T cells. We observed a spectrum of caspase activity in non‐dying effector T cells in which CD4+ T cells manifested the lowest levels of active caspases whereas γδ T cells manifested the highest levels. Further analysis revealed that most of the difference in T‐cell subsets was the result of high levels of active caspase‐3 in non‐dying effector γδ T cells. Despite this, γδ T cells manifested little spontaneous or CD3 restimulation‐induced cell death as the result of confinement of active caspases to the cell membrane. By contrast, CD4+ T cells were highly sensitive to CD3‐induced cell death, associated with the appearance of active caspases in the cytoplasm and cleavage of the caspase substrates Bid and ICAD. Hence, the location and amount of active caspases distinguishes effector T‐cell subsets and profoundly influences the fate of the T‐cell response.
Nationwide surveillance of circulatory collapse associated with levothyroxine administration in very‐low‐birthweight infants in Japan
Authors: Kawai Masahiko , Kusuda Satoshi , Cho Kazutoshi , Horikawa Reiko , Takizawa Fumihiko , Ono Makoto , Hattori Tetsuo , Oshiro Makoto 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackground:  Although the administration of levothyroxine sodium (LT4) to premature infants had been considered safe, several cases of late‐onset circulatory collapse (LCC) following the administration of LT4 in very‐low‐birth‐weight (VLBW) infants have been reported in Japan since 2008. This study was performed to investigate the incidence of LCC associated with the administration of LT4 to VLBW infants.Methods:  A questionnaire regarding LCC with or without an association with LT4 administration in VLBW infants from 2006 to 2008, was sent to 212 hospitals belonging to the Japan Neonatologist Association.Results:  Data of 8727 VLBW infants were analyzed, and 46 cases of LCC associated with the administration of LT4 were reported in this surveillance. Especially, an analysis for infants weighing between 1000 and 1499 g at birth revealed that the incidence of LCC with the administration of LT4 was higher than that of those without LT4.Conclusions:  LT4 is widely used for infants, including VLBW infants, and no major complications have been reported. However, our study revealed that more than a few cases of LCC were associated with the administration of LT4 in VLBW infants. In conclusion, careful attention is necessary when initiating the administration of LT4 to VLBW infants.
Multilingual miniskirt discourses in motion: the discursive construction of the female body in public space
Authors: Makoni Busi 
Published: November 2011

This paper presents illustrative findings from analysis of taxi inscriptions as gendered discourse. Feminist Critical Discourse analysis is used to explore the ways the female body is discursively constructed in public space, gender as an ideological structure, and the complexity of gender and power relations. Of interest is how discourses on dress, especially the miniskirt, are used as discursive strategies for inscribing power over the female body. Using a corpus of 50 inscriptions, the findings suggest that the inscription writers draw on a local repository of lexical, phrasal, and sentential metaphors that invoke African culture, heritage, or tradition to discursively construct the female body as a subject of intervention or social control and clothing as a means of maintaining inequality and asserting male dominance.Ce document présente des résultats illustratifs d'analyse des inscriptions sur les taxis comme discours de genre. L'analyse critique du discours féministe est employée pour explorer la façon dont le corps féminin est décrit d'une manière décousue dans l'espace public, le genre comme structure idéologique, et la complexité des relations de genre et de pouvoir. D'intérêt, comment les discours sur l'habillement, particulièrement la mini‐jupe, sont employés comme des stratégies décousues pour affirmer l'autorité sur le corps féminin. Utilisant un recueil de 50 inscriptions, les résultats suggèrent que les auteurs des inscriptions tirent sur une mine locale des métaphores lexicales, syntagmatiques, et des phrases qui invoquent la culture, l'héritage, ou la tradition africaine pour décrire d'une manière décousue le corps féminin comme un sujet d'intervention ou de contrôle social et l'habillement comme un moyen de maintien de l'inégalité et de l'affirmation de la domination masculine.
Latent structure of psychotic experiences in the general population
Authors: Ahmed A. O. , Buckley P. F. , Mabe P. A. 
Published: November 2011

Ahmed AO, Buckley PF, Mabe PA. Latent structure of psychotic experiences in the general population.Objective:  There have been increasing pressures to adopt or incorporate dimensional representations in various sections of DSM‐5 including the psychotic disorders section. Thus far, findings offered as evidence of a continuous distribution of psychosis are limited given their exclusive focus on the manifest rather than latent structure of psychotic experiences. The current study sought to determine whether or not psychotic experiences possess a taxonic or dimensional latent structure.Method:  We investigated the latent structure of psychotic experiences in the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiological Surveys (CPES) and the National Comorbidity Survey (NCS). We analyzed responses of participants in these surveys with three multivariate taxometric procedures (MAMBAC, MAXEIG, and L‐Mode) after summing responses on the surveys into three indicators of positive psychosis.Results:  Taxometric results tended to support a dimensional, rather than taxonic structure for psychotic experiences. In the CPES, all taxometric methods produced graphical and numerical support for a dimensional structure. In the NCS, MAMBAC appeared to slightly support a taxonic structure, whereas MAXEIG and L‐Mode supported a dimensional structure.Conclusion:  There appears to be a dimensional distribution of psychotic experiences in the general population. This supports the incorporation of dimensional representations of psychotic symptoms in the current diagnostic system.
Soybean Ferritin: Isolation, Characterization, and Free Radical GenerationF
Authors: Galatro Andrea , Robello Elizabeth , Puntarulo Susana 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe main aim of this work was to assess the multi‐task role of ferritin (Ft) in the oxidative metabolism of soybean (Glycine max). Soybean seeds incubated for 24 h yielded 41 ± 5 μg Ft/g fresh weight. The rate of in vitro incorporation of iron (Fe) into Ft was tested by supplementing the reaction medium with physiological Fe chelators. The control rate, observed in the presence of 100 μM Fe, was not significantly different from the values observed in the presence of 100 μM Fe‐his. However, it was significantly higher in the presence of 100 μM Fe‐citrate (approximately 4.5‐fold) or of 100 μM Fe‐ATP (approximately 14‐fold). Moreover, a substantial decrease in the Trp‐dependent fluorescence of the Ft protein was determined during Fe uptake from Fe‐citrate, as compared with the control. On the other hand, Ft addition to homogenates from soybean embryonic axes reduced endogenously generated ascorbyl radical, according to its capacity for Fe uptake. The data presented here suggest that Ft could be involved in the generation of free radicals, such as hydroxyl radical, by Fe‐catalyzed reactions. Moreover, the scavenging of these radicals by Ft itself could then lead to protein damage. However, Ft could also prevent cellular damage by the uptake of catalytically active Fe.