bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Striking a Balance: Navigating Privileges, Immunities, and Accountability in International Organizations
Authors: Al Mamun Jahid 
Published: April 2024

This paper delves into the nuanced landscape of Privileges and Immunities (P&Is) granted to international organizations (IOs) and the contentious issue of denial of justice. Critically analyzing this aspect, the paper justifies the criticism by dissecting key international instruments that aim to balance protection and accountability. It examines the limitations of IO immunity, the concept of waiver, administration of justice, cooperation with member states, and provisions to prevent justice abuse. The debate over determining the functional nature of IO acts is explored, considering the dangers of empowering member states and national courts. The paper concludes by suggesting a recalibration of the current system to strike a more equitable balance.
Dhaka University Law Journal, 2023, 34 (2), 97-113
Surrogate indices of insulin resistance using the Matsuda index as reference in adult men—a computational approach
Authors: Malagón-Soriano Víctor Antonio , Ledezma-Forero Andres Julian , Espinel-Pachon Cristian Felipe , Burgos-Cárdenas Álvaro Javier , Garces Maria Fernanda , Ortega-Ramírez Gustavo Eduardo , Franco-Vega Roberto , Peralta-Franco Jhon Jairo , Maldonado-Acosta Luis Miguel , Rubio-Romero Jorge Andres , Mercado-Pedroza Manuel Esteban , Caminos-Cepeda Sofia Alexandra , Lacunza Ezequiel , Rivera-Moreno Carlos Armando , Darghan-Contreras Aquiles Enrique , Ruiz-Parra Ariel Iván , Caminos Jorge E. 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundOverweight and obesity, high blood pressure, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance (IR) are strongly associated with non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke, and cancer. Different surrogate indices of IR are derived and validated with the euglycemic–hyperinsulinemic clamp (EHC) test. Thus, using a computational approach to predict IR with Matsuda index as reference, this study aimed to determine the optimal cutoff value and diagnosis accuracy for surrogate indices in non-diabetic young adult men.MethodsA cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out with 93 young men (ages 18–31). Serum levels of glucose and insulin were analyzed in the fasting state and during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Additionally, clinical, biochemical, hormonal, and anthropometric characteristics and body composition (DEXA) were determined. The computational approach to evaluate the IR diagnostic accuracy and cutoff value using difference parameters was examined, as well as other statistical tools to make the output robust.ResultsThe highest sensitivity and specificity at the optimal cutoff value, respectively, were established for the Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) (0.91; 0.98; 3.40), the Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) (0.98; 0.96; 0.33), the triglyceride-glucose (TyG)-waist circumference index (TyG-WC) (1.00; 1.00; 427.77), the TyG-body mass index (TyG-BMI) (1.00; 1.00; 132.44), TyG-waist-to-height ratio (TyG-WHtR) (0.98; 1.00; 2.48), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) (1.00; 1.00; 0.53), waist circumference (WC) (1.00; 1.00; 92.63), body mass index (BMI) (1.00; 1.00; 28.69), total body fat percentage (TFM) (%) (1.00; 1.00; 31.07), android fat (AF) (%) (1.00; 0.98; 40.33), lipid accumulation product (LAP) (0.84; 1.00; 45.49), leptin (0.91; 1.00; 16.08), leptin/adiponectin ratio (LAR) (0.84; 1.00; 1.17), and fasting insulin (0.91; 0.98; 16.01).ConclusionsThe computational approach was used to determine the diagnosis accuracy and the optimal cutoff value for IR to be used in preventive healthcare.
Decoding cardiovascular risks: analyzing type 2 diabetes mellitus and ASCVD gene expression
Authors: Zhang Youqi , Ji Liu , Yang Daiwei , Wu Jianjun , Yang Fan 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundASCVD is the primary cause of mortality in individuals with T2DM. A potential link between ASCVD and T2DM has been suggested, prompting further investigation.MethodsWe utilized linear and multivariate logistic regression, Wilcoxon test, and Spearman’s correlation toanalyzethe interrelation between ASCVD and T2DM in NHANES data from 2001-2018.The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) wereconducted to identify co-expression networks between ASCVD and T2DM. Hub genes were identified using LASSO regression analysis and further validated in two additional cohorts. Bioinformatics methods were employed for gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, along with the prediction of candidate small molecules.ResultsOur analysis of the NHANES dataset indicated a significant impact of blood glucose on lipid levels within diabetic cohort, suggesting that abnormal lipid metabolism is a critical factor in ASCVD development. Cross-phenotyping analysis revealed two pivotal genes, ABCC5 and WDR7, associated with both T2DM and ASCVD. Enrichment analyses demonstrated the intertwining of lipid metabolism in both conditions, encompassing adipocytokine signaling pathway, fatty acid degradation and metabolism, and the regulation of adipocyte lipolysis. Immune infiltration analysis underscored the involvement of immune processes in both diseases. Notably, RITA, ON-01910, doxercalciferol, and topiramate emerged as potential therapeutic agents for both T2DM and ASCVD, indicating their possible clinical significance.ConclusionOur findings pinpoint ABCC5 and WDR7 as new target genes between T2DM and ASCVD, with RITA, ON-01910, doxercalciferol, and topiramate highlighted as promising therapeutic agents.
Chronic disease comorbidity and associated factors among cancer patients in eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Birhanu Abdi , Shawel Lemma Michael , Habtamu Biruk , Wondwossen Worku Nahom , Kitessa Monas , Nigusie Shambel , Ayana Galana Mamo , Tenaw Yehenaw , Sete Selamawit , Merga Bedasa Taye , Mussa Ibsa 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundThe occurrence of long-lasting comorbidities makes cancer management and treatment challenging because of their overlapping poor prognosis. However, there are no data that show the burden of these chronic cases in patients with cancer in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the burden of and the factors associated with chronic disease comorbidity among cancer patients in the eastern part of Ethiopia.Material and methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted on 422 patients with cancer admitted to the only cancer treatment center in eastern Ethiopia. A simple random sampling technique was employed to select the study participants. Data were extracted from the patients’ medical records using a checklist. The collected data were entered into the Epi-Data statistical software version 3.1 and then exported to STATA version 17 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to assess the association between the outcomes and the independent variables. Finally, adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported. The statistical significance of the factors was indicated at a p-value &lt;0.05.ResultsOf the 422 eligible medical records identified, 419 (99.3%) were included for analysis. A total of 230 (54.8%, 95%CI = 50.0%–59.6%) patients with cancer presented with one or more chronic diseases. Of these comorbidities, anemia, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease were the most common diseases reported. Obesity at admission (AOR = 1.91, 95%CI = 1.10–3.61) had a significant association with the occurrence of comorbidities among patients with cancer.Conclusion and recommendationThe overall prevalence of comorbidity among patients with cancer was relatively lower than that reported in previous studies. Being obese was significantly associated with the occurrence of comorbidities. Attention should be given to the burden of chronic comorbidities among patients with cancer through researching, formulating policies, and improving community literacy to manage comorbidities. Thus, interventions for weight reduction and the early detection and treatment of the comorbidities could limit further complications and lower the incidence of other comorbidities.
Case report: Recurring and treatment-resistant depression in acquired hepatocerebral degeneration due to a congenital portosystemic shunt
Authors: Tamura Takehiro , Takagi Shunsuke , Hayakawa Akane , Oyama Jun , Fujino Junya , Shiwaku Hiroki , Takahashi Hidehiko , Sugihara Genichi 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionAcquired hepatocerebral degeneration (AHD) is a neurological condition associated with cerebral manganese (Mn) accumulation caused by portosystemic shunts (PSS), usually because of advanced liver disease. AHD is diagnosed by the identification of T1-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) hyperintensities coupled with the presence of PSS and neurological symptoms. Clinical presentations primarily involve motor dysfunction and cognitive impairment. As a result of the frequently concurrent hepatic encephalopathy, the psychiatric symptoms of AHD alone remain unclear. This report is the first documentation of unique psychiatric symptoms of AHD due to a congenital PSS (CPSS) and suggests the efficacy of shunt embolization in achieving sustained remission of psychiatric symptoms in such cases.MethodsA 57-year-old Japanese woman presented with recurrent severe depression, pain, and somatosensory hallucinations, along with fluctuating motor dysfunction, including parkinsonism, and cognitive impairments. Psychiatric interventions, including antidepressants, antipsychotics or electroconvulsive therapy, had limited efficacy or did not prevent relapse.ResultsT1-weighted MRI showed bilateral hyperintensity in the globus pallidus. No history of Mn exposure or metabolic abnormalities, including copper, was identified. Furthermore, no evidence of liver dysfunction or hyperammonemia was found. Eventually, a gastrorenal shunt was observed on contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography. The diagnosis of AHD due to CPSS was made based on the clinical manifestations and abnormal imaging findings. Shunt embolization was performed, which prevented the relapse of psychiatric symptoms and substantially reduced the T1-weighted MRI hyperintensities.ConclusionsThis case highlights the potential involvement of AHD in adult-onset psychiatric symptoms, even in the absence of liver disease. Furthermore, this case underscores the efficacy of shunt embolization in treating the psychiatric symptoms of AHD due to CPSS.
The effects of ambient temperature on road traffic injuries in Jinan city: a time-stratified case-crossover study based on distributed lag nonlinear model
Authors: Li YinLu , Ren Jie , Zheng Wengui , Dong Jing , Lu Zilong , Zhang Zehan , Xu Aiqiang , Guo Xiaolei , Chu Jie 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesThe impact of climate change, especially extreme temperatures, on health outcomes has become a global public health concern. Most previous studies focused on the impact of disease incidence or mortality, whereas much less has been done on road traffic injuries (RTIs). This study aimed to explore the effects of ambient temperature, particularly extreme temperature, on road traffic deaths in Jinan city.MethodsDaily data on road traffic deaths and meteorological factors were collected among all residents in Jinan city during 2011–2020. We used a time-stratified case-crossover design with distributed lag nonlinear model to evaluate the association between daily mean temperature, especially extreme temperature and road traffic deaths, and its variation in different subgroups of transportation mode, adjusting for meteorological confounders.ResultsA total of 9,794 road traffic deaths were collected in our study. The results showed that extreme temperatures were associated with increased risks of deaths from road traffic injuries and four main subtypes of transportation mode, including walking, Bicycle, Motorcycle and Motor vehicle (except motorcycles), with obviously lag effects. Meanwhile, the negative effects of extreme high temperatures were significantly higher than those of extreme low temperatures. Under low-temperature exposure, the highest cumulative lag effect of 1.355 (95% CI, 1.054, 1.742) for pedal cyclists when cumulated over lag 0 to 6 day, and those for pedestrians, motorcycles and motor vehicle occupants all persisted until 14 days, with ORs of 1.227 (95% CI, 1.102, 1.367), 1.453 (95% CI, 1.214, 1.740) and 1.202 (95% CI, 1.005, 1.438), respectively. Under high-temperature exposure, the highest cumulative lag effect of 3.106 (95% CI, 1.646, 5.861) for motorcycle occupants when cumulated over lag 0 to 12 day, and those for pedestrian, pedal cyclists, and motor vehicle accidents all peaked when persisted until 14 days, with OR values of 1.638 (95% CI, 1.281, 2.094), 2.603 (95% CI, 1.695, 3.997) and 1.603 (95% CI, 1.066, 2.411), respectively.ConclusionThis study provides evidence that ambient temperature is significantly associated with the risk of road traffic injuries accompanied by obvious lag effect, and the associations differ by the mode of transportation. Our findings help to promote a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between temperature and road traffic injuries, which can be used to establish appropriate public health policies and targeted interventions.
A study protocol for identifying aging trajectories toward chronic neurodegenerative diseases by means of Marche regional administrative databases – TREND project
Authors: Spazzafumo Liana , Sabbatinelli Jacopo , Biscetti Leonardo , Balducci Francesco , Lilla Marco , Ramini Deborah , Giuliani Angelica , Paciello Luca , Rupelli Giuseppe , Pompili Marco , Pelliccioni Giuseppe , Recchioni Rina , Olivieri Fabiola 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundPeople are living longer but an increasing number of older people experience chronicity and disability in the latest years of their life. The Marche region is one of the Italian regions where people live the longest lives; therefore, the number of people with age-related chronic diseases is expected to be at least similar, if not higher, compared to the rest of Italy. The identification of the aging trajectories is of huge interest in the arena of public health. Administrative healthcare databases represent valuable reservoirs for reconstructing the trajectories of aging. Here, we present the protocol for a study (TREND project) aimed to integrate existing administrative databases into a Marche regional dataset in order to estimate the prevalence and incidence rates of age-related neurodegenerative diseases (ND), with a specific focus on Parkinsonism and Dementia.MethodsThe TREND Project is a retrospective cross-sectional study. The source population includes permanent residents in the Marche region aged 40 years and older. A minimal dataset has been built up linking data on drug prescriptions, outpatient services, and diagnosis for hospital admission, from 2014 to 2021 in the Marche Region. Data on clinical outcomes (re-hospitalization, mortality, comorbidities), and therapeutic approaches (drugs and medicines) have been integrated with state-of-the-art statistical methods to define patients into different risk clusters and to analyze the aging trend by assessing the Comorbidity Index (CI) as a proxy for chronicity.DiscussionOur research contributes to the integration of existing administrative databases on ND to create a Marche regional ND database, support regional health policy, and better understand patients’ needs and their aging trajectories. This approach could be implemented also at the National level. Moreover, by linking different administrative data sources, this study sheds light on important issues related to ND, such as early-onset dementia; ethical aspects such as anticipated wills; problems of dementia in patients still in the job market, etc. The results of this study will contribute to the successful implementation of integrated care for patients affected by ND at regional or national levels.
COMPORTAMENTO ESPAÇO-TEMPORAL DE CORPO HÍDRICO SUBMETIDO AO AVANÇO DA OCUPAÇÃO URBANA: O LAGO JACAREY NO CONTEXTO DA CIDADE DE FORTALEZA, CEARÁ
Authors: Barbosa Wesley Almeida , Cavalcante Andrea Almeida 
Published: April 2024

No entorno das lagoas urbanas das grandes cidades encontram-se diversas formas de urbanização. Os vários ambientes lacustres constituem um importante conjunto de espaços públicos potenciais. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho visa realizar uma caracterização espaço-temporal da ocupação urbana nos últimos 50 anos no entorno de um corpo hídrico (Lago Jacarey) da cidade de Fortaleza (CE) a partir do processamento de imagens aéreas. Constatou-se que o entorno do lago passou por uma intensa alteração proveniente da ocupação residencial. O adensamento da urbanização ocasionou a incorporação e ocupação da planície lacustre. Os imóveis de alto padrão e o polo gastronômico formado no entorno fizeram o espaço ser um local amplamente visitado pela população da cidade. Diante disso, tornou-se visado principalmente enquanto espaço público potencial, recebendo uma atenção maior por parte do governo municipal no direcionamento de recursos e na manutenção das estruturas urbanas.
IMPLEMENTASI PERATURAN DAERAH NOMOR 17 TAHUN 2015 TENTANG PENANGGULANGAN MASALAH GELANDANGAN DAN PENGEMIS (GEPENG) (STUDY KASUS DI KECAMATAN BANJANG KABUPATEN HULU SUNGAI UTARA)
Authors: Raudah Siti 
Published: April 2024

Implementation of Regional Regulation Number 17 Year 2015 on Efforts to Overcome Problems of Villagers and Beggars (Case Study in Banjang Sub-District Hulu Sungai Utara). The increasing number of homeless and beggars in Amuntai City of Hulu Sungai Utara Regency is 119 people, and the addition is due to other areas coming from 23 people, that is from Banjarbaru, Tenggarong, Banjarmasin, Malang and Barabai so that the total is all 142. The number will disturb the name of the smooth development of the region, for example, the problem of security and public order.
The purpose of this research is to identify and analyze the implementation of Local Regulation and to analyze the obstacles in implementing Local Regulation Number 17 year 2015 on Efforts to Overcome Problems of Villagers and Beggars in Amuntai City of Hulu Sungai Utara Regency. The research method is descriptive qualitative, type and source of data that is primary data through observation, interview while secondary data through existing data at Social Service and Satpol PP of Hulu Sungai Utara Regency, technique used in sampling that is Snow-Ball sampling technique snowball sampling). From the results of the research shows that In the implementation of Regional Regulation Number 17 year 2015 on the Prevention of Problems of Beggars and Beggars in Amuntai City of Hulu Sungai Utara Regency, still not fully implemented, it is seen that shelter houses for street children and homeless shelters are not built when this is an effort in tackling the widespread problem of the Homeless and the Beggar. However, persuasive guidance has been done by the Social Service and Satpol PP at the time of capturing or patrolling for controlling the street children. The suggestions provided for the input materials include Building Homes for the shelter of homeless and beggars who have no home, and can provide guidance on skills training to be more independent, Must have the attention and support from the Regent of Hulu Sungai Utara related problems the provision of budget funds in terms of supporting efforts to overcome the problems of homeless and beggars in Amuntai City so that security and order be better and achievement of regional development goals.
PERANAN TUGAS DAN KEWENANGAN BADAN KEPEGAWAIAN NEGARA (BKN) DALAM PENGEMBANGAN KEPEGAWAIAN
Authors: Febriadi Herry 
Published: April 2024

Along with the changing strategic environment and motivated by the improvement of legislation in particular in the field of personnel Duties and Authority of the State Personnel Board. The duties BKN that as the body charged with overseeing the development of staffing at this time, as for the development of these employees are divided into two, namely the development of the quality of employees and employee career development. In terms of the development of the State Civil Service Agency (BKN), the agency has the authority to regulate the displacement between functional and structural positions.
In this case the State Civil Service Agency (BKN) has the task to resolve the problems concerning the development of career civil servants, particularly temporary employees. the State Civil Service Agency along with government or lemaga State involved must work together in any case related employment particularly temporary employees.
This research is normative; The results showed that the State Personnel Agency must have a high commitment to employee development, both in improving the quality of employees and employee career development and the State Civil Service Agency also have to pay attention and oversee the transfer of class between the positions of structural and functional positions that should be regulated in a legislation.
DAMPAK PENDEMI COVID – 19 TERHADAP PELAYANAN PERNIKAHAN DAN PERMOHONAN PERNIKAHAN DI KANTOR URUSAN AGAMA (KUA) BANJARMASIN TENGAH KOTA BANJARMASIN
Authors: Jamili Muhammad 
Published: April 2024

Dampak Pendemi Covid – 19 Terhadap Pelayanan Pernikahan dan Permohonan Pernikahan di Kantor Urusan Agama (KUA) Banjarmasin Tengah Kota Banjarmasin.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak pendemi covid – 19 terhadap pelayanan pernikahan dan permohonan pernikahan serta aktivitas pelayanan pernikahan di KUA Banjarmasin Tengah Kota Banjarmasin.
Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan analisa kwalitatif. Tehnik pegumpulan data obsevasi, dokumen dan wawancara. Informan dalam penelitian adalah dua orang aparat KUA Banjarmasin Tengah dan empat orang warga yang keluarganya melangsungkan pernikahan di bulan Juni dan Juli 2020.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktifitas Pelayanan Pernikahan di KUA Banjarmasin Tengah selama pendemi Covid – 19 tetap berjalan dengan mengikuti protokoler kesehatan dari pemerintah tetap dilaksanakan, begitu pula warga yang mendaftar pernikahan melalui wibesite Kemenag RI ( on line ) dapat diikuti dilaksanakan. Jumlah pendaftaran permohonan pernikahan di KUA Banjarmasin Tengah Kota Banjarmasin hingga September 2020 terjadi penurunan dibandingkan tahun 2019 (sebelum adanya wabah Covid – 19 ) yaitu pada tahun 2019 berjumlah 749 pasang nikah dan pada tahun 2020 sampai dengan (penelitian ini dilakukan) September 2020 berjumlah 398, memang ada tersisa waktu tiga bulan, namun diperkirakan jumlah permohonan pernihakan tidfak mencapai tahun sebelumnya. Dari hasil wawancara dengan 4 keluarga Warga masyarakat yang melangsungkan akad nikah pada bulan Juni dan Juli 2020 diketahui bahwa pihak keluarga yang melangsungkan hajat mengikuti anjuran pemerintah menganai disediakannya kran air dan sabun didepan rumah, menyebar undangan yang terbatas dengan waktu yag berbeda antara saat akad nikah dengan acara selamatan atau datangnya para undangan, para undangan lainnya memakai masker. Namun yang terlihat dilapangan sebagian tetap berkerumun (tidak menjaga jarak satu atau dua meter) karena datangnya undangan terkadang bersamaan dengan lahan atau ruang untuk undangan yang tidak luas menyebabkan terjadinya kerumunan. Perasaaan takut masyarakat akan terpapar Virus Corona memang ada, namun keinginan untuk menyaksikan menghadiri acara akad nikah anak, saudara atau kerabat mengakibatkan kurang disiplinnya anjuran pemerintah diantaranya menjaga jarak antar undangan yang datang.