bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acts of Commission and Acts of Omission: Legal-Historical Research and the Intentions of Government in a Federal State
Authors: Howlett Michael 
Published: November 2009

AbstractInterpretation of the intentions of government in policy matters is a crucial, if normally implicit, aspect of policy analysis. Canadian policy analysts enjoy a significant advantage in having at their disposal a large body of legal-historical evidence of policy conflict between levels of government, which, if properly interpreted, can aid the process of determining the intentions of government policy. Using an example of conflicting interpretations of government intentions contained in the literature on Canadian political economy, it is argued that the use of legal-historical records can aid policy analysts by providing evidence of policy alternatives not only in the case of policy decisions, or “acts of commission,” but also in the case of nondecisions, or “acts of omission.”
The Two Energy Crises and Canadian Oil and Gas Interest Groups: A Re-examination of Berry's Propositions
Authors: Toner Glen , Doern G. Bruce 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis article examines the impact of two policy crises on the structure and behaviour of Canadian oil and gas interest groups. It first retests Glyn Berry's three propositions developed in 1974 after the first energy crisis, in light of the second energy crisis in 1979–1980. It then generates and examines two further propositions. The three propositions retested are: that interest group influence declines during a crisis; that if the crisis necessitates intensive federal-provincial bargaining, this tendency is accentuated, and that when facing a serious governmental threat the group under attack will seek to exert its influence as widely as possible. The article shows that the evidence from the second crisis supports the validity of the above propositions, but in addition two further hypotheses are examined and found valid. These are: that in post-crisis periods interest group influence is re-established, but that where crises broaden the scope of policy, interest groups are restructured so as to accommodate the broadened interests which both benefit from and are harmed by the crisis policy response. The interest groups examined are the Canadian Petroleum Association, the Independent Petroleum Association of Canada, the Canadian Association of Oilwell Drilling Contractors, and the Canadian Gas Association.
Critics of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council: The New Orthodoxy and an Alternative Explanation
Authors: Vaughan Frederick 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBy way of a critical assessment of the leading authorities on the critics of the Judicial Committee, this article argues that the proper appreciation of what the law lords did to the terms of the BNA Act can be found in an understanding of their perception of their unique function. Supporters of the Judicial Committee's decentralization of the terms of theBritish North America Acthave tended to rely on either G. P. Browne's book on the subject or Alan Cairns's article in this Journal (4 [1971], 301–45). The purpose of this article is to challenge those authorities and offer an alternative explanation.
Comment on “Critics of the Judicial Committee: The New Orthodoxy and an Alternative Explanation”
Authors: Russell Peter H. 
Published: November 2009

I appreciate the opportunity Professor Vaughan's article provides to clarify some of my thoughts on the Judicial Committee and constitutional interpretation.Vaughan and I are in agreement on two broad points. First, the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council read a theory of classical federalism into the BNA Act. This theory of divided sovereignty was expressed most clearly by Lord Watson in the Maritime Bank case. Secondly, the BNA Act's treatment of federalism is highly centralist, both in the division of powers and in the federal government's imperial powers over provincial governments. Both these points are contained in the following passage from my introduction: “In their anxiety to preserve a division of powers appropriate for “classical federalism” and thereby resist the strongly centralizing tendencies of the constitutional text, the Judicial Committee developed an acute sensitivity to the competing claims of the provinces and the federal government.” I think Professor Vaughan would agree with that statement.
Campaigns, Images and Polls: Mass Media Coverage of the 1984 Canadian Election
Authors: Wagenberg R. H. , Soderlund W. C. , Romanow W. I. , Briggs E. D. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractShort-term factors played a greater than usual role in the 1984 national election. Media coverage of the campaign therefore had a crucial impact. This study documents the coverage of leaders, parties and substantive issues by the major television and radio networks and 18 newspapers selected by region and language. A major finding is that the media reported results of public opinion polls to an unprecedented degree. This was one facet of the featuring of “horserace” issues over more substantive socio-economic ones. The data lend credence to the fears of those who feel that essential democratic goals of the electoral process are being undermined. The study also suggests rethinking the “no effects” theory of polling and electoral behaviour.
Values and Technology: George Grant and our Present Possibilities
Authors: Emberley Peter C. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe article is an effort to think through the relation between the language of values, values education, and technology. It links Nietzsche's account of nihilism as the cognitive effort to create the illusion of adaptation and mastery of what is contingent and spontaneous and the process by which these life-denying values cause themselves to be devalued with a consideration of how psychology is turned to adjusting individuals and populations to the efficient securing of technological processes. George Grant's writings are employed as the vehicle of access to these reflections.
Regional Ministers, National Policies and the Administrative State in Canada: The Regional Dimension in Cabinet Decision-Making, 1980–1984
Authors: Bakvis Herman 
Published: November 2009

AbstractRegional ministers, it is said, have declined in importance over the past three decades. While granting the disappearance of figures whose influence spanned broad regions, this article argues that in the last cabinet of Pierre Trudeau (1980–1984) the regional minister system was to a degree revived and formalized within the context of cabinet decision-making. The impact of this system is examined with respect to regional development and employment creation programmes. To account for the renewed influence of regional ministers, attention is focussed on changes in the machinery of government and on the political and economic climate of the time. The case of one minister in particular, Lloyd Axworthy, suggests that a contemporary regional minister's success is dependent primarily on the ability to mobilize the resources of the administrative state.
The Conception of “Reason” in Modern Ecological Theory
Authors: Mellos Koula 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis article examines two opposing theoretical paradigms on social, political, economic and ecological questions, namely the neo-Malthusian and the futurological. It argues that these paradigms share an underlying Hobbesian assumption of human nature but differ in their response to this assumption. It argues further that the opposing response to a common assumption holds the key to their respective conceptions of reason. Finally, the article assesses the validity of the paradigms as models for public policy-making and outlines the relative theoretical and practical problems of each.
Friends at Court: Federalism and Provincial Elections on Prince Edward Island
Authors: Stewart Ian 
Published: November 2009

AbstractOnly in Prince Edward Island have voters tended to elect provincial administrations of the same party stripe as the federal government. The authorargues that this has not occurred purely by chance and that, in fact, provincial campaigns have historically revolved around the issue of being “in line” with Ottawa. Presently, support for federal-provincial partisan congruence is rooted in those Islanders who can be characterized as “political animals” as well as in the dominant groups of the Island's social structure. The author concludes that the deviating provincial election of 1982 does not represent a fundamental change in the Islanders’ political orientations.
Canada and the International Politics of Oil: Latin American Source of Supply and Import Vulnerability in the 1980s
Authors: Haglund David G. 
Published: November 2009

Le Canada et les politiques internationales sur le pétrole: Source latino-américaine d'approvisionnement et vulnérabilité de l'importation dans les années 1980Cet article étudie le degré de dépendance du Canada vis-à-vis les importations de pétrole brut (mesurée par la proportion de la consommation totale fournie par les importations) et l'étendue de la vulnérabilité découlant de cette dépendance dans l'hypothèse d'un tarissement, à la source, dans les années 1980. Non settlement le Canada est-il devenu de plus en plus dépendant de ses importations de pétrole brut, mais sa dépendance vis-à-vis des pays du Moyen-Orient s'est accrue de manière significative. Cet article tend à prouver que la dépendance du Canada va s'amplifier, du moins à moyen terme et que les fournisseurs du Moyen-Orient (et plus spécifiquement les Etats du golfe persique comme l'Arabie Saoudite) vont continuer à fournir un part de plus en plus grande de notre pétrole brut, à moins que le Canada ne cherche à diversifier ses sources d'approvisionnement. L'alternative la plus probable d'importation de pétrole brut semble être le Mexique. C'est pourquoi cet article cherche à evaluer le potentiel des champs pétrolifères mexicains, au cours de cette décennie, et étudie lesfacteurs qui peuvent inftuencer la politique d'exportation pétrolière de ce pays. L'étude louche aussi la capacité de production et la politique d'exportation du Vénezuéla qui, croit-on, dans les prochaines années, ne sera pas en mesure d'exporter d'aussi grandes quantités de pétrole brut au Canada qu'il ne le fait présentement.
Agreeing to Disagree: Elite Bargaining and the Revision of the Belgian Constitution
Authors: Covell Maureen 
Published: November 2009

Cet article est une étude sur les essais de l'élite politique belge de résoudre les conflits entre Flamands et Wallons en offrant à chaque groupe une certaine autonomie dans le contrôle de leurs affaires économiques et culturelles. Malgré le fait que la réforme constittitionnelle établissant les principes généraux de cette décentralisation ait eu lieu en 1970 et que les institutions pour permettre l'autonomie culturelle aient été établies tout de suite après, ce n'est qu'en 1980 qu'on a promulgué la loi établissant l'autonomie régionale. Entre 1970 et 1980 six gouvernements ont mené des négociations pour tenter d'arriver à un accord sur la question, cependant, comme résultat des conflits soulevés par leurs essais, ils ont tons échoué et ils sont tons tombés.Dans cet article, l'auteur affirme que la littérature courante axée sur le conflit ethnique, mettant l'accent sur la gestion du conflit et limitant le rôle de l'élite politique à la solution de ce conflit, ne constitue pas une voie valable pour comprendre le processus de négotiation constitutionnelle. L'auteur soutient qu'une approche fondée sur des modèles de négotiation internationale, mettant l'accent sur le déroulement du conflit ainsi que sur sa gestion dans le processus de négotiation, est plus utile pour comprendre le succès on l'echec des négociations constitutionnelles en Belgique. Dans cet article on applique deux de ces modèles aux deux des plus récents tours de négotiations constitutionnelles: un cadre d'analyse général et une théorie de jeux dérivés d'un ensemble de matrices.
Interest Groups, Representation and Conflict Management in the Standing Committees of the House of Commons
Authors: Skogstad Grace 
Published: November 2009

AbstractProposals to strengthen regional representation in national institutions are premised on the assumption that representation of (regional) interests and accommodation of conflicts between competing interests are compatible roles, and most likely when national decision makers represent all contending interests. The article argues that the two roles are not necessarily compatible. The behaviour of MPs on the agriculture and transport committees in debating three bills during the 32nd Parliament shows considerable efforts at representation but much less at conflict management. The emergence of specialist interest groups promotes representational efforts by MPs but often at the expense of conflict management. Other factors affecting the joint occurrence of interest representation and interest accommodation include the individual and collective characteristics of members, their partisan incentives, and the diversity of the goals of their client groups.
Michael Oakeshott as Liberal Theorist
Authors: Coats Wendell John 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis article cautions against facilely casting Oakeshott's thought in the mold of either Kantian liberalism for its account of civil association as purely formal association to which rational individuals could consent, or Burkean liberalism for its emphasis on the continuity of general practices and traditions in diurnal politics. Oakeshott's work is then thematically summarized with an eye to showing its artfulness and originality as a synthesis of modern European individualism, providing a theoretical account of civil association which combines, without logical contradiction, the Aristotelian idea of politics as the activity of attending to the arrangements of the whole, and the liberal (and Christian) idea of the individuality of value, mediated (and made logically possible) by the Roman idea of civil obligation to the form of authority.
Micromanipulation medium osmolarity compromises zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo and cell survival in chimaerism experiments
Authors: Cardona-Costa J. , Francisco-Simão M. , Pérez-Camps M. , García-Ximénez F. 
Published: November 2009

SummaryIn zebrafish chimaerism experiments, the cell injection can involve intra-embryonic cell lyses by osmolar effects. Moreover, the donor cells can be injured during manipulation due to osmolar changes into the transplant pipette. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the effects of manipulation medium osmolarity on embryonic survival and donor cell viability.In Experiment I, 0.1 μl to 0.15 μl approximately of an isosmolar solution (300 mOsm) was injected into recipient embryos, which were kept at 300 (E1) or 30 mOsm (E2). Survival at day 1 was significantly higher in the E2 group than in E1 (E1: 68% vs E2: 81%, p < 0.05), but after 5 days embryo survival in the E1 group was slightly higher. In Experiment II, donor cells from zebrafish embryos were exposed (or not) to a possible osmolarity change (inner pipette medium: 300 mOsm vs external medium: 30 or 300 mOsm) using two different micropipette outer diameters, 40–50 and 60–70 μm. Cell mechanical damage was detected in the 40–50 μm pipette (p < 0.05), but not by the handling medium osmolarity. Results recommend the use of a 300 mOsm manipulation medium and bore-sized pipettes adjusted as closely as possible to the donor cell size.
Effects of a multifaceted treatment program for executive dysfunction after acquired brain injury on indications of executive functioning in daily life
Authors: SPIKMAN JACOBA M. , BOELEN DANIELLE H.E. , LAMBERTS KIRSTEN F. , BROUWER WIEBO H. , FASOTTI LUCIANO 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA multicenter randomized control trial (RCT) was conducted to evaluate the effects of a treatment for dysexecutive problems after acquired brain injury (ABI) on daily life functioning. Seventy-five ABI patients were randomly allocated to either the experimental treatment, multifaceted strategy training for executive dysfunction, or a control treatment, computerized cognitive function training. Assessment took place before, directly after, and 6 months post-treatment. The primary outcome measure, the Role Resumption List (RRL), and two other follow-up measures, the Treatment Goal Attainment (TGA) and the Executive Secretarial Task (EST), were indications of daily life executive functioning. The experimental group improved significantly more over time than the controls on the RRL and attained significantly higher scores on the TGA and EST. We conclude that our treatment has resulted in significant improvements of executive functioning in daily life, lasting at least 6 months post-treatment. Although control patients’ satisfaction and subjective well-being were at the same level, the experimental group had better abilities to set and accomplish realistic goals, to plan, initiate, and regulate a series of real-life tasks, and to resume previous roles with respect to work, social relations, leisure activities, and mobility. (JINS, 2010, 16, 118–129.)
Extreme prematurity and neuropsychological outcome in the preschool years
Authors: RAZ SARAH , DEBASTOS ANGELA K. , NEWMAN JULIE BAPP , BATTON DANIEL 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWith the increasing survival of extremely preterm (EP) birth infants in the surfactant era, the longer-term outcome of infants born at the threshold of viability has become a vital topic of study. The goal of this investigation was twofold. First, while taking into account the influence of sociodemographic confounds, we wished to investigate neuropsychological outcome differences between two groups of EP preschoolers: 23–24 weeks (n= 20), and 25–26 weeks’ (n= 21) gestation at delivery. Second, we wished to explore whether, within the population of EP preschoolers, gestational maturity accounts for a unique portion of the variance in neuropsychological outcome, over and above the variance explained by ante-, peri-, and neonatal complications, or treatment factors. The findings revealed group differences, ranging from .70 to .80 of a standard deviation in general intellectual abilities, nonverbal intelligence, and global motor performance, in favor of the more mature EP group. Additionally, gestational maturity was found to explain a unique portion of the variance in global intellectual and motor abilities. These findings are interpreted from the perspective that gestational age is an index of the vulnerability of the central nervous system to disruption of developmentally regulated processes. (JINS, 2010,16, 169–179.)
hPDI: a database of experimental human protein–DNA interactions
Authors: Xie Zhi , Hu Shaohui , Blackshaw Seth , Zhu Heng , Qian Jiang 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Summary: The human protein DNA Interactome (hPDI) database holds experimental protein–DNA interaction data for humans identified by protein microarray assays. The unique characteristics of hPDI are that it contains consensus DNA-binding sequences not only for nearly 500 human transcription factors but also for &gt;500 unconventional DNA-binding proteins, which are completely uncharacterized previously. Users can browse, search and download a subset or the entire data via a web interface. This database is freely accessible for any academic purposes.
Availability: http://bioinfo.wilmer.jhu.edu/PDI/
Contact: jiang.qian@jhmi.edu
Cenozoic mud volcano activity along the Indus Fan: offshore Pakistan
Authors: Calvès G. , Schwab A. M. , Huuse M. , Van Rensbergen P. , Clift P. D. , Tabrez A. R. , Inam A. 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTThis study documents the tectono‐stratigraphic setting and expulsion history of a major, previously undescribed mud volcano (MV) province in the Indus Submarine Fan, offshore Pakistan. A buried MV field of nine composite MVs has been recognized using two‐dimensional (2D) and 3D seismic reflection data in a confined area of 50 × 65 km2. Conduits are recognized on each of these MVs connecting the pre‐Eocene parent beds to the stacked mud cones. The buried MVs are up to 8.4 km wide (4.5 km average) with a central conduit of 1.23 km average diameter and an average mud cone thickness of 0.33 km. Three major phases of fluid and mud remobilization occurred in the Early to Middle Miocene, intra‐Middle Miocene and in the Late Miocene to Plio‐Pleistocene transition. Most of the mud source (parent beds) seems to be of pre‐Eocene origin. Geometrical information from 21 mud cones allows an estimate of the volume required to build these fluid escape features. The calculated volume of remobilized sediments is 71.5±9 km3. The location of the MV field is limited to the pre‐Eocene main depocentre, with major tectonic deformation occurring along the wrench system of the Indo–Arabian plate boundary, i.e. the southern edge of the Murray Ridge. The Indus MV field is, to our knowledge, the longest lived (∼22 Myr) remobilized, Cenozoic sedimentary system observed worldwide. No evidence of present‐day mud flow activity is seen on the seabed seismic reflection in the study area.
Involvement of fibroblast growth factor 18 in dedifferentiation of cultured human chondrocytes
Authors: Yamaoka H. , Nishizawa S. , Asawa Y. , Fujihara Y. , Ogasawara T. , Yamaoka K. , Nagata S. , Takato T. , Hoshi K. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjective:  Chondrocytes inevitably decrease production of cartilaginous matrices during long‐term cultures with repeated passaging; this is termed dedifferentiation. To learn more concerning prevention of dedifferentiation, we have focused here on the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family that influences chondrocyte proliferation or differentiation.Materials and methods:  We have compared gene expression between differentiated cells in passage 3 (P3) and dedifferentiated ones in P8 of human cultured chondrocytes. We also performed ligand administration of the responsive factor or its gene silencing, using small interfering RNA (siRNA).Results:  FGFs 1, 5, 10, 13 and 18 were higher at P8 compared to P3, while FGFs 9 and 14 were lower. Especially, FGF18 showed a 10‐fold increase by P8. Ligand administration of FGF18 in the P3 cells, or its gene silencing using siRNA in the P8 cells, revealed dose‐dependent increase and decrease respectively in type II collagen/type I collagen ratio. Exogenous FGF18 also upregulated expression of transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β), the anabolic factor of chondrocytes, in P3 chondrocytes, but P8 cells maintained a low level of TGF‐β expression, suggesting a decrease in responsiveness of TGF‐β to FGF18 stimulation in the dedifferentiated chondrocytes.Conclusion:  FGF18 seems to play a role in maintenance of chondrocyte properties, although its expression was rather high in dedifferentiated chondrocytes. Upregulation of FGF18 in dedifferentiated chondrocytes implied that it may be a marker of dedifferentiation.