bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative analysis of acceptance by Japanese females and price of goat milk from different sources
Authors: OZAWA Takeyuki , TAKADA Ruriko , NISHITANI Jiro , FUJITA Masaru , BLAIR Hugh T. 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTA sensory survey was carried out using 4 different types of whole goat milk among middle‐class females to investigate consumer acceptability of goat milk and whether there is an opportunity to expand the sale of goat milk products in Japan. Four different types of whole milk powder (domestic concentrate‐fed, domestic pasture‐fed, USA commercially canned, and New Zealand commercially canned) were used. Fresh cow milk was served as a control. Thirty‐one housewives evaluated the 5 liquid milk samples for smell, taste and overall characteristics on a scale of 1 (low) to 3 (high). Chi‐square analyses were carried out to detect significant differences between the milk types in each category. The goat milk from the USA was the most preferred goat milk with respect to smell and overall evaluation. Domestic pasture‐fed milk received the lowest grade in the evaluation for its ‘grassy and goaty’ smell. This result shows us that pasture intake affects the taste and smell of powdered milk which gives the lowest evaluation by the participants. If Japanese goat milk producers want to be successful in the domestic goat milk market and compete against goat milk products from other countries, they should improve production methods and flavor of their products.
Older Australian women's use of dentists: A longitudinal analysis over 6 years
Authors: Sibbritt David W , Byles Julie E , Tavener Meredith A 
Published: March 2010

Aim:  To identify factors associated with dentist consultation by older Australian women.Methods:  Participants from the older cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health which originally involved 12 432 older women.Results:  The percentage of women who consulted a dentist in the years 1999, 2002 and 2005 were 35%, 36% and 37%, respectively. Women were more likely to consult with a dentist if they lived in urban areas (RR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.21, 1.32), were non‐smokers (RR = 1.38; 95% CI: 1.21, 157), did not have diabetes (RR = 1.16; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.25), had better physical health (RR = 1.02 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.02). Women were less likely to consult with a dentist if they found it difficult to live on their income (RR = 0.90; 95% CI: 085, 0.95).Conclusion:  Access to dentists, cost of consultations and poor health appear to be significant factors influencing visits to a dentist by older Australian women.
Plasmapheresis in Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage as Perinuclear Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody‐Associated Vasculitis Relapse on Hemodialysis
Authors: Cigarrán Secundino , Castro María Jesús , Pousa Montserrat , Paredes Sonia , Bernardo Hugo , Porteiro Montserrat 
Published: March 2010

AbstractUnlike Goodpasture's syndrome with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH), there are scarce reports on the use of plasmapheresis for patients with a recurrence of DAH associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)‐associated small vessel vasculitis (AAV) on hemodialysis. We report a case of a relapse of perinuclear‐AAV with DAH, five months after starting hemodialysis. The patient received apheresis and induction immunosuppressive therapy, added to a short course of daily hemodialysis treatments. The DAH resolved with seven apheresis procedures and there were no adverse effects. We suggest that patients on hemodialysis with a relapse of AAV and DAH would benefit from the prompt initiation of apheresis in combination with aggressive immunosuppressive therapy. Pulmonary hemorrhage is not included in the current guidelines for therapeutic apheresis; therefore, we report this case and, if warranted, propose this condition to be included in the guidelines.
Beraprost Sodium, an Orally Active Prostaglandin I2Analog, Improves Renal Anemia in Hemodialysis Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease
Authors: Moriya Hidekazu , Ishioka Kunihiro , Honda Kenjiro , Oka Machiko , Maesato Kyoko , Ikee Ryota , Hidaka Sumi , Ohtake Takayasu , Kobayashi Shuzo 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBeraprost sodium (BPS) is a stable, orally active prostaglandin I2(PGI2) analog with antiplatelet and vasodilating properties. It has been reported that PGI2has pleiotropic effects that are anti‐inflammatory and anti‐atherogenic. In this study, we aim to determine the relationship between PGI2and renal anemia. We conducted a prospective randomized trial including 20 hemodialysis patients. Ten patients were assigned to be treated with 120 µg/day of BPS and the other patients were assigned to a control group. After six months, the titer of hemoglobin had significantly increased in the BPS group compared to the baseline (11.1 ± 0.3 g/dL vs. 10.3 ± 1.4 g/dL, respectively), and there was a significant difference between the BPS group and the control group. The level of ferritin was lower in the BPS group compared to the control group, but the average dose of erythropoietin did not significantly change. These findings suggest that BPS may improve renal anemia in hemodialysis patients.
Long‐Term Natural History of Acquired Cystic Disease of the Kidney
Authors: Ishikawa Isao , Hayama Satoshi , Morita Kyoko , Nakazawa Tetsuya , Yokoyama Hitoshi , Honda Ryumon , Satoh Kyoko , Kakuma Tatsuyuki 
Published: March 2010

AbstractPatients with acquired cystic disease of the kidney (ACDK) were followed longitudinally over an average of 21.7 ± 5.4 years to determine the natural history of the disease; that is, how big the kidneys become, when the kidney size reaches a plateau, and when the size regresses. Twenty‐seven male and 20 female patients with chronic glomerulonephritis treated at our hospital were investigated. CT scans were performed once a year and kidney volume was measured. Two different quadratic curves with a node of 5.2 years for males and 2.5 years for females after the start of hemodialysis were fitted to log‐transformed kidney volume to the duration of hemodialysis using a linear mixed model. The maximum kidney volume in male patients was obtained 21.1 years after the start of hemodialysis using this model. Peak values of kidney volume were demonstrated in 19 of 26 cases during the observation period. The median peak value (interquartile range) of bilateral kidney volumes was 274 (165–849) mL/1.73 m2 occurring 19.1 ± 4.5 years after the start of dialysis. In one male patient who had undergone nephrectomy due to renal cell carcinoma and in two of the remaining 26 male patients, the maximum kidney volume of 782 (residual kidney), 1151, and 1129 mL regressed to 428, 616, and 847 mL (reduction rate: 45.3, 46.5, and 25.0%) at 20.6, 25.4, and 23.1 years after the start of hemodialysis, respectively. Kidney enlargement due to ACDK reached a plateau after 21.1 years of hemodialysis in the male patients. Partial regression of severe ACDK may occur naturally after long‐term hemodialysis without renal transplantation.
Release of Interleukin‐1 Receptor Antagonist by Combining a Leukocyte Adsorption Carrier With Ulinastatin
Authors: Nishise Shoichi , Takeda Yuji , Fujishima Shoichiro , Orii Tomohiko , Sato Takeshi , Sasaki Yu , Nishise Yuko , Takeda Hiroaki , Kawata Sumio 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBoth granulocyte/monocyte adsorptive apheresis (GMA) and ulinastatin, a serine protease inhibitor, are reported to be effective in patients with ulcerative colitis; however, combination therapy with GMA and ulinastatin has not been attempted. Investigating the effect of ulinastatin on GMA is required for combination therapy since the inhibition of serine protease suppresses the reaction of GMA. To clarify the effects of ulinastatin on GMA, we investigated whether granulocyte adsorption to cellulose acetate beads (carriers for GMA) and interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1ra) release were inhibited by ulinastatin. Peripheral blood containing ulinastatin, a different serine protease inhibitor (gabexate mesilate), or signal‐transduction inhibitors was incubated with cellulose acetate beads in vitro, and the ratios of adsorbed granulocytes and IL‐1ra release were measured. Granulocyte adsorption and IL‐1ra release were significantly suppressed with increasing gabexate mesilate concentrations; however, the adsorption was not significantly inhibited by ulinastatin. Furthermore, IL‐1ra release was augmented by the addition of a high dose of ulinastatin or PD98059 as compared to a low dose. The activation levels of extracellular signal‐regulated protein kinase may regulate IL‐1ra release induced by the carrier, because both ulinastatin and PD98059 inhibit extracellular signal‐regulated protein kinase. High concentrations of ulinastatin increased IL‐1ra release without inhibiting granulocyte adsorption to cellulose acetate beads. This result warrants clinical trials of a combination of ulinastatin and GMA for the treatment of ulcerative colitis.
Double Filtration Plasmapheresis in Antibody‐Incompatible Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Higgins Rob , Lowe David , Hathaway Mark , Lam For T , Kashi Habib , Tan Lam Chin , Imray Chris , Fletcher Simon , Chen Klaus , Krishnan Nithya , Hamer Rizwan , Zehnder Daniel , Briggs David 
Published: March 2010

AbstractDouble filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP) was used in preference to plasma exchange in our program of antibody‐incompatible transplantation, to treat higher volumes of plasma. Forty‐two patients had 259 sessions of DFPP, 201 pre‐transplant and 58 post‐transplant. At the first treatment session, the mean plasma volume treated was 3.81 L (range 3–6 L), 55.5 mL/kg (range 36.2–83.6 mL/kg). Serum IgG fell by mean 59.4% (SD 10.2%), and IgM by 69.3% (SD 16.1%). Nine patients did not require increases in plasma volumes treated, and six did not tolerate higher plasma volumes. In the remaining patients, the mean maximum plasma volume treated pre‐transplant was 6.67 L (range 4–15 L), 96.1 mL/kg (range 60.2–208.9 mL/kg). The complement dependent cytotoxic crossmatch was positive in 14 cases pre‐treatment, and remained positive in six (42.8%) cases. The flow cytometric crossmatch was positive in 29 cases pre‐treatment, and in 21 (72.4%) after DFPP. Post‐transplant, DFPP was ineffective at reducing donor specific antibody levels during periods of rapid donor specific antibody synthesis. Post‐transplant, the one year graft survival rate was 94%, although there was a high rate of early rejection. In summary, DFPP enabled the treatment of plasma volumes that were almost double those that would have been feasible with plasma exchange. Despite this, most patients were transplanted with a positive crossmatch, and DFPP post‐transplant was unable to control rising antibody levels.
A redshift survey towards the cosmic microwave background cold spot
Authors: Bremer M. N. , Silk J. , Davies L. J. M. , Lehnert M. D. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
We have carried out a redshift survey using the VIMOS spectrograph on the VLT towards the cosmic microwave background cold spot. A possible cause of the cold spot is the Integrated Sachs–Wolfe effect imprinted by an extremely large void (hundreds of Mpc in linear dimension) at intermediate or low redshifts. The redshift distribution of over seven hundred z &lt; 1 emission-line galaxies drawn from an I-band flux limited sample of galaxies in the direction of the cold spot shows no evidence of a gap on scales of Δz≳ 0.05 as would be expected if such a void existed at 0.35 &lt; z &lt; 1. There are troughs in the redshift distribution on smaller scales (Δz≈ 0.01) indicating that smaller scale voids may connect regions separated by several degrees towards the cold spot. A comparison of this distribution with that generated from similarly sized subsamples drawn from widely spaced pointings of the VVDS survey does not indicate that the redshift distribution towards the cold spot is anomalous or that these small gaps can be uniquely attributed to real voids.
FLOW PROPERTIES OF CARBOXYMETHYLCELLULOSE DAIRY SYSTEMS WITH DIFFERENT FAT CONTENT
Authors: BAYARRI SARA , COSTELL ELVIRA 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTCarboxymethylcellulose (CMC) is used mainly as a stabilizer and thickener agent in the food industry. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of CMC concentration (0.75, 1.00, 1.25 and 1.50% w/w) and type of milk (skimmed milk and whole milk) on the flow behavior of dairy products. Flow properties of samples were clearly affected by both the type of milk and the CMC concentration. All samples exhibited a thixotropic and shear‐thinning flow behavior. Whole milk samples with the higher CMC content (1.25 and 1.5%) showed an overshoot in the shear stress versus shear rate profiles. In both whole and skimmed milk samples, the consistency coefficient and the yield stress values increased with CMC concentration, while the flow index values decreased. In general, the whole milk samples gave higher values on the consistency index and yield stress and lower ones on the flow index, than the equivalent samples made with skimmed milk.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe first step to developing new health products that also satisfy consumer demands is to study how the interaction between the ingredients and the components of the food matrix influence the physical and sensorial properties of food. To this end, a study was made into how carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) concentration affected the flow behavior of dairy desserts, formulated with either skimmed or whole milk. The flow behavior of these systems was not only influenced by CMC concentration but also by the milk type.
Epigenetic control of skeletal muscle fibre type
Authors: Baar K. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAdult muscle is extremely plastic. However, the muscle precursor cells associated with those fibres show stable and heritable differences in gene expression indicative of epigenetic imprinting. Epigenetic processes in the development of skeletal muscle have been appreciated for over a decade; however, there are a paucity of studies looking at whether epigenetics determines the phenotype of adult and/or ageing skeletal muscle. This review presents the evidence that epigenetics plays a role in determining adult muscle function and a series of unanswered questions that would greatly increase our understanding of how epigenetics works in adult muscle. With the increased interest in epigenetics, over the next few years this field will begin to unfold in unimaginable directions.
Control of muscle blood flow during exercise: local factors and integrative mechanisms
Authors: Sarelius I. , Pohl U. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractUnderstanding the control mechanisms of blood flow within the vasculature of skeletal muscle is clearly fascinating from a theoretical point of view due to the extremely tight coupling of tissue oxygen demands and blood flow. It also has practical implications as impairment of muscle blood flow and its prevention/reversal by exercise training has a major impact on widespread diseases such as hypertension and diabetes. Here we analyse the role of mediators generated by skeletal muscle activity on smooth muscle relaxation in resistance vessels in vitro and in vivo. We summarize their cellular mechanisms of action and their relative roles in exercise hyperaemia with regard to early and late responses. We also discuss the consequences of interactions among mediators with regard to identifying their functional significance. We focus on (potential) mechanisms integrating the action of the mediators and their effects among the cells of the intact arteriolar wall. This integration occurs both locally, partly due to myoendothelial communication, and axially along the vascular tree, thus enabling the local responses to be manifest along an entire functional vessel path. Though the concept of signal integration is intriguing, its specific role on the control of exercise hyperaemia and the consequences of its modulation under physiological and pathophysiological conditions still await additional analysis.
Comparison of Volatile Release in Tomatillo and Different Varieties of Tomato during Chewing
Authors: Xu Yichi , Barringer Sheryl 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACT:  The release of volatiles from tomatillos (Physalis ixocarpa Brot.) and tomatoes in the mouthspace and nosespace was measured in real‐time using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT‐MS). (Z)‐3‐Hexenal, (E)‐2‐hexenal, hexanal, and 1‐penten‐3‐one increased, while isobutyl alcohol, nonanal, and methylbutanal showed no significant change in the first 30 s of chewing. Cherry tomato released more (E)‐2‐hexenal, (Z)‐3‐hexenal, and 1‐penten‐3‐one than tomatillo, Roma tomato, and vine‐ripened tomato during chewing. The proportion of the average concentration of volatiles in the mouthspace after swallowing to before swallowing (MSas/MSbs) varied from 2.8% to 73.9% between different volatiles and varieties. Methylbutanal, hexanal, and nonanal were retained at a higher percentage in the mouth after swallowing than (Z)‐3‐hexenal, (E)‐2‐hexenal, 1‐penten‐3‐one, and isobutyl alcohol. The proportion of the average volatile concentration in the mouthspace, to the headspace in a glass container (MS/HS) of 1‐penten‐3‐one, hexanal, methylbutanal, and nonanal, and the proportion of nosespace to headspace (NS/HS) for 1‐penten‐3‐one, hexanal, (Z)‐3‐hexenal, and nonanal was significantly higher in tomatillo than in tomatoes. There was no difference between tomatoes of different varieties in NS/HS ratio.Practical Application: The real‐time volatile release from tomatillos and tomatoes was measured and compared. The information obtained on the dynamic generation of volatile compounds provides a better understanding of volatile release in the headspace of tomatillo and tomatoes. The compounds and their volatile release patterns were similar for the tomatillo and tomatoes. The green aldehydes released during chewing were not significantly higher than most tomato varieties, except for Roma tomatoes. Cherry tomato released relatively more volatiles during chewing, whereas Roma tomatoes were generally poor in mouthspace volatiles. The lingering of volatiles in the mouth after swallowing was different for different volatiles and varieties, which may appear as a sensory difference detected by consumers.
Distinctions between islet neogenesis and β‐cell replication: Implications for reversal of Type 1 and 2 diabetes
Authors: LEVETAN Claresa 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe terms “islet” and “β‐cell” are often used interchangeably, yet islets are highly complex multicellular organelles that contain the insulin‐producing β‐cells and four other cells types, all of which play a role in maintaining glucose homeostasis within a very narrow range. Although the formation of new islets in adults is rare, occurring primarily in response to pancreatic injury and major stress to the pancreas, β‐cell replication from existing cells occurs throughout adulthood. An understanding of the regulatory factors controlling pancreatic development has more clearly defined the differences between new islet formation from progenitor cells located throughout the adult pancreas and β‐cell replication occurring within existing islets. The present review sets forth to more clearly distinguish the differences between the postnatal pathways of islet neogenesis and β‐cell replication with a discussion of the potential implications for reversal of Type 1 and 2 diabetic patients using islet neogenesis agents that are now in development. For Type 1 diabetic patients, an immune tolerance agent in conjunction with an islet neogenesis agent may allow achievement of adequate islet mass, perhaps with subsequent potential to withdraw medications. For Type 2 diabetic patients, lifestyle changes and/or medications may sustain the production of new islets and limit the accelerated β‐cell apoptosis characteristic of the condition.
Reviews
Authors: Pixley George V. 
Published: March 2010

Enjuto Bernal, Jorge. La filosofía de Alfred North Whitehead. Madrid: Editorial Tecnos, 1967. pp. 332.García Bacca, Juan David. “A. N. Whitehead o la Metafísica del Ser actual,” in Nueve grandes filòsofos contemporáneos y sus temas. Caracas: Publicaciones del Ministerio de Education Nacional de Venezuela, 1947. Vol. II. Pp. 187–360.
Widespread Circulation of Echovirus Type 13 Demonstrated by Increased Seroprevalence in Toyama, Japan, between 2000 and 2003
Authors: Iwai Masae , Yoshida Hiromu , Obara Mayumi , Horimoto Eiji , Nakamura Kazuya , Takizawa Takenori , Kurata Takeshi , Mizuguchi Mineyuki , Daikoku Tohru , Shiraki Kimiyasu 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTTo confirm the magnitude of an echovirus type 13 (E13) outbreak in 2002 and to evaluate whether genetic and antigenic changes in E13 influenced the occurrence of the outbreak, we measured titers of neutralizing (NT) antibody against the Toyama, 2002-240-SF, and prototype Del Carmen E13 strains among inhabitants of Toyama before and after 2002. The rate of positivity for NT antibodies against both 2002-240-SF and Del Carmen in 2003 made a remarkable upturn in children 0 to 14 years old, compared to that in 2000. Titers of NT antibody against strain 2002-240-SF of inhabitants were slightly higher than those against Del Carmen, whereas anti-E13 rabbit serum raised against either strain Del Carmen or 2002-240-SF showed almost the same titer of NT antibody against both strains. These data indicate that the antigenic properties of the strains may be slightly different. Differences in amino acids between strains 2002-240-SF and Del Carmen in the VP4, VP2, VP3, and VP1 regions may affect both antigenic and receptor binding properties, even though they do not seem to be significant enough to escape widespread immunity. One of the factors of the outbreak was thought to be the increase in susceptibility in the young generation.
Staphylococcus aureus
Exotoxins Are Present
In Vivo
in Tampons
Authors: Schlievert Patrick M. , Nemeth Kimberly A. , Davis Catherine C. , Peterson Marnie L. , Jones Bruce E. 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACT

Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1) is the cause of menstrual toxic shock syndrome (mTSS) associated with vaginal colonization by
Staphylococcus aureus
. In this pilot study, we measured TSST-1 and alpha-toxin, another exotoxin, on used tampons from four healthy women with
S. aureus
on tampons and from two women with tampon-associated mTSS. Tampons from all six women were sectioned into approximately 0.5-cm
3
pieces, some containing menstrual blood and some lacking menstrual blood. The pH of tampon sections with or without menstrual blood was neutral.
S. aureus
CFU were present in tampon sections at approximately equivalent counts (total counts were 1 × 10
8
to 2 × 10
9
CFU/tampon). TSST-1 (2 to 80 μg/tampon) and alpha-toxin (28 to 30 μg/tampon) were present only in the sections containing little or no menstrual blood (low hemoglobin density). In the tampons from TSS patients, the cytokine gamma interferon (IFN-γ) was detected only in menstrual-blood-containing sections, whereas the chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein 3α and interleukin-8 were detected in all sections. Thus, IFN-γ was being produced systemically, whereas the chemokines were being produced both locally by epithelial cells and systemically. The data show that
S. aureus
exotoxins can be identified in tampons
ex vivo
in sites with low hemoglobin density.