bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Projecting a long‐term healthcare expenditure in the United States: Do climate change, globalization, and technological innovation play a major role?
Authors: Nwosu Laurine Chikodiri , Awosusi Abraham Ayobamiji , Özkan Oktay , Kirikkaleli Dervis , Adebayo Tomiwa Sunday 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRecognizing the paramount importance of health, the United Nations Development Program has outlined sustainable development goals, emphasizing Goal 3, which focuses on ensuring and promoting healthy lives and well‐being for all. Consequently, this study delves into the determinants of healthcare expenditure (HCE), specifically focusing on financial development (FDV), tourism (TOR), technological innovations (TINs), economic growth (EG), and climate change in the United States. The investigation utilizes data spanning from the first quarter of 2000Q1 to the fourth quarter of 2020Q4. To achieve this objective, we employed innovative quantile‐based methodologies, including wavelet quantile regression and quantile‐on‐quantile Granger causality. These approaches facilitated a comprehensive exploration of the dynamic interactions between HCE and its influencing factors across various quantiles and periods. The wavelet quantile regression and quantile‐on‐quantile regression analysis findings consistently indicate a positive impact of CO2, TOR, EG, globalization, FDV, foreign direct investment, and TIN on HCE in the United States. Furthermore, the results obtained from the quantile‐on‐quantile Granger causality demonstrate that CO2 emissions, TOR, EG, globalization, FDV, foreign direct investment, and TIN significantly predict HCE across all quantiles. These insights have informed the formulation and implementation of various policies addressing the complex interplay between healthcare spending and its driving factors.
Trade policy and environmental sustainability in Africa: An empirical analysis
Authors: Dada James Temitope , Ajide Folorunsho Monsur , Al‐Faryan Mamdouh Abdulaziz Saleh , Tabash Mosab I. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study investigates whether trade policy instruments—tariffs—strengthen or worsen African environmental sustainability. To drive out the objectives of the study, fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS), dynamic OLS (DOLS), augmented mean group (AMG), method of moment quantile regression (MMQR) and Dumitrescu–Hurlin panel causality approaches are used to analyse the effect of tariff in addition to other control variables on carbon and ecological footprints as measured of environmental sustainability from 2001 to 2020. The results from the MMQR reveal that tariffs have a significant positive effect on carbon footprints in the 0.15 quantile, while the effect becomes insignificant between 0.25 and 0.5 quantiles. However, at the upper quantiles level (0.75–0.95), the impact of the tariff on carbon footprint is negative and significant, with increasing coefficients. Furthermore, tariffs significantly positively affect lower and middle quantiles' ecological footprints (0.15–0.5). However, the effect turns negative at the upper quantiles (0.9 and 0.95), suggesting that tariff reduces ecological footprint at these levels. In addition, the long‐run estimates (FMOLS, DOLS and AMG) also support the upper quantile estimates of MMQR. A one‐way causality between tariffs, carbon and ecological footprint was found. These findings reveal that tariffs do not create market inefficiency in Africa. This study recommends that tariffs as a trade policy instrument could be used to strengthen Africa's environmental quality. The government can use the tariff revenue to subsidize cleaner production and consumption and move the economy from a traditional energy source to renewable energy.
Optimizing niger seed (Guizotia abyssinica) oil quality: A comprehensive analysis of infrared‐heat induced changes in bioactive profile, physiochemical attributes, and oxidative stability
Authors: Sundar Shyam , Singh Balwinder , Kaur Amritpal 
Published: April 2024

AbstractInfrared heating (IRH) at 140, 160, and 180°C for varying durations (5, 10, and 15 min) was employed for improving the niger (Guizotia abyssinica) seed oil (NSO) quality for diverse food applications. The study explored changes in phenolic profile, oxidative stability index (OSI), tocopherols, phytosterols, fatty acid profiles, and physicochemical attributes of NSO. Upon IRH at 180°C for 10 min, the oil yield, total phenolic, and flavonoid contents increased from 33.09% to 40.56%, 6.67 to 173.62 mg GAE/kg, and 24.76 to 120.64 mg QE/kg, respectively. The viscosity, chlorophylls, carotenoids, radical scavenging activity, OSI, caffeic, protocatechuic, vanillic, and syringic acids were highest upon IRH at 180°C for 15 min. The tocopherols and phytosterols initially augmented while decremented upon raising IRH conditions. The infrared spectra indicated no adverse impact of IRH on NSO quality. The appropriate IRH conditions can be considered for improving NSO quality and making it valuable for various edible products.
Characterization of lipids and volatile compounds in boiled donkey meat by lipidomics and volatilomics
Authors: Li Mengmeng , Sun Lingyun , Du Xinyi , Ren Wei , Man Limin , Chai Wenqiong , Zhu Mingxia , Liu Guiqin , Wang Changfa 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLipids are crucial substances for the formation and retention of volatile compounds (VOCs). The lipid and VOC profiles of boiled donkey meat were investigated by lipidomics and volatilomics. In total, 4277 lipids belonging to 39 subclasses were identified, comprising 26.93% triglycerides (TGs), 15.74% phosphatidylcholins (PCs), and 9.40% phosphatidylethanolamines. The relative percentage of TG in the meat significantly decreases (p < 0.001) from 0 to 40 min, after which there is no significant change, whereas PCs, sphingomyelins, and methyl phosphatidylcholines (MePCs) show the opposite trend. TG(16:1_18:1_18:2) and TG(16:0_16:1_18:2) appear to be key lipids for retaining VOCs in boiled donkey meat. Furthermore, PC(18:3e_16:0) and MePC(31:0e) were found to be potential markers for discriminating donkey meat. A total of 83 VOCs were detected, including 25.30% aldehydes, 18.07% hydrocarbons, 14.46% ketones, and 13.25% alcohols. Eleven characteristic VOCs with relative odor activity values >1 were identified as the predominant flavor compounds in boiled donkey meat, mainly hexanal and 1‐octen‐3‐ol. Of the 258 differential lipids, 72 of them, especially polyunsaturated‐fatty acid–rich lipids, are the main contributors to the formation of VOCs. Together, the key lipids for retention and formation of VOCs in donkey meat were revealed, providing a theoretical basis for VOC regulation.
Health budget implications of mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischaemic stroke in Australia
Authors: Rice Hal , de Villiers Laetitia , Scarica Raffaelle , Bocquet Anne‐Laure , Dargan Kelly , Barthe Thomas 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionThis research evaluates the budget impact of treating acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) using a combination of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) with stent retrievers (SR) and intravenous tissue‐plasminogen activator (IV‐tPA) in Australia.MethodsThis study examined the economic impact over five years for a patient cohort based on the number of patients treated with MT+ IV‐tPA in Australia 2021, versus treatment with IV‐tPA alone. A budget impact (BI) model was developed to project direct medical costs (economic impact) of IV‐tPA+ MT with SR vs. Intravenous tissue‐plasminogen activator alone over a five‐year period (2021–2025 inclusive) from a healthcare perspective. The model is composed of a short‐run decision tree model based on a 3‐month post‐treatment modified Rankin Scale (mRS) from the EXTEND‐IA study and a published long‐run Markov state transition model. Acute, mid‐term and long‐term care costs were projected based on anticipated mRS scores from the EXTEND‐IA trial. Estimated yearly and cumulative budget impact were reported to indicate the economic impact of the two treatment strategies for AIS in the Australian healthcare system.ResultsMT+IV‐tPA had a greater budgetary impact than IV‐tPA alone, with annual savings starting at Year 1 and continuing through to Year 5. Cost savings of 21% or approximately $36 million can be achieved over five years for the patient cohort treated in Australia in 2021. Each MT procedure performed delivers approximately $3280 in annual health system savings per patient.ConclusionTreatment of AIS with a combination of MT+IV‐tPA generates significant savings in the Australian healthcare system compared with IV‐tPA alone.
Efficiency of endoscopic artificial intelligence in the diagnosis of early esophageal cancer
Authors: Tao Yongkang , Fang Long , Qin Geng , Xu Yingying , Zhang Shuang , Zhang Xiangrong , Du Shiyu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe accuracy of artificial intelligence (AI) and experts in diagnosing early esophageal cancer (EC) and its infiltration depth was summarized and analyzed, thus identifying the advantages of AI over traditional manual diagnosis, with a view to more accurately assisting doctors in evaluating the patients' conditions and improving their cure and survival rates.MethodsThe PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, Google, and CNKI databases were searched for relevant literature related to AI diagnosis of early EC and its invasion depth published before August 2023. Summary analysis of pooled sensitivity, specificity, summary receiver operating characteristics (SROC) and area under the curve (AUC) of AI in diagnosing early EC were performed, and Review Manager and Stata were adopted for data analysis.ResultsA total of 19 studies were enrolled with a low to moderate total risk of bias. The pooled sensitivity of AI for diagnosing early EC was markedly higher than that of novices and comparable to that of endoscopists. Moreover, AI predicted early EC with markedly higher AUCs than novices and experts (0.93 vs. 0.74 vs. 0.89). In addition, pooled sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of invasion depth in early EC were higher than that of experts, with AUCs of 0.97 and 0.92, respectively.ConclusionAI‐assistance can diagnose early EC and its infiltration depth more accurately, which can help in its early intervention and the customization of personalized treatment plans. Therefore, AI systems have great potential in the early diagnosis of EC.
Effects of avoidance versus use of neuromuscular blocking agents for facilitation of tracheal intubation in children and infants: a protocol for a systematic review, meta‐analysis and trial sequential analysis
Authors: Christensen Michelle Icka , Vested Matias , Creutzburg Andreas , Nørskov Anders Kehlet , Lundstrøm Lars Hyldborg , Afshari Arash 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe European Society of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care recommends the use of neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBA) in adults, to facilitate tracheal intubation and reduce its associated complications. Children who undergo tracheal intubation may suffer some of the same complications, however, no consensus exists regarding the use of NMBA for tracheal intubation in the pediatric population.We will explore the existing evidence assessing the effects of avoidance versus the use of NMBA for the facilitation of tracheal intubation in children and infants.MethodsThis protocol follows the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses protocols recommendations. We will include all randomized controlled clinical trials assessing the effects of avoidance versus the use of NMBA for facilitation of tracheal intubation (oral or nasal) using direct laryngoscopy or video laryngoscopy in pediatric participants (<18 years). Our primary outcome is incidence of difficult tracheal intubation. Secondary outcomes include incidence of serious adverse events, failed intubation, events of upper airway discomfort or injury, and difficult laryngoscopy.We will conduct a thorough database search to identify relevant trials, including CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, BIOSIS, Web of Science, CINAHL, and trial registries. Two review authors will independently handle the screening of literature and data extraction. Each trial will be evaluated for major sources of bias with the “classic risk of bias tool” used in the Cochrane Collaboration tool from 2011. We will use Review manager (RevMan) or R with the meta package to perform the meta‐analysis. We will perform a trial sequential analysis on the meta‐analysis of our primary outcome, providing an estimate of statistical reliability.Two review authors will independently assess the quality of the body of evidence using the grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) approach. We will use GRADEpro software to conduct the GRADE assessments and to create “Summary of the findings” tables.
Two‐part models identifying predictors of cigarette, e‐cigarette, and cannabis use and change in use over time among young adults in the US
Authors: Wang Yan , Romm Katelyn F. , Edberg Mark C. , Bingenheimer Jeffrey B. , LoParco Cassidy R. , Cui Yuxian , Berg Carla J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesLimited longitudinal research has examined differential interpersonal and intrapersonal correlates of young adult use and use frequency of cigarettes, e‐cigarettes, and cannabis. This study aimed to address these limitations.MethodsWe analyzed five waves of longitudinal data (2018–2020) among 3006 US young adults (Mage = 24.55, 44% male, 32% sexual minority, ~30% racial/ethnic minority). Two‐part latent growth models examined likelihood of past‐month cigarette, e‐cigarette, and cannabis use (binary part) and days used (continuous part) and identified predictors (depressive symptoms, personality traits, adverse childhood experiences [ACEs], parental use) of baseline use and changes over time.ResultsRegarding baseline past‐month use (27% cigarettes, 38% e‐cigarettes, 39% cannabis), depressive symptoms, ACEs, and parental substance use predicted use outcomes (i.e., likelihood, frequency) for each product; extraversion predicted cigarette and e‐cigarette use outcomes; openness predicted e‐cigarette and cannabis use outcomes; conscientiousness negatively predicted cigarette and cannabis use outcomes; and agreeableness negatively predicted cannabis use frequency. Regarding longitudinal changes, conscientiousness predicted accelerated increase of cigarette use frequency at later timepoints; depressive symptoms predicted increases in likelihood of e‐cigarette use but the association weakened over time; and parental cannabis use predicted decreased cannabis use frequency but the association weakened over time.Discussion and ConclusionsYoung adult substance use interventions should target high‐risk subgroups and focus on distinct factors impacting use, including chronic, escalating, and decreasing use.Scientific SignificanceThis study advances the literature regarding distinct predictors of different substance use outcomes and provides unique data to inform interventions targeting young adult cigarette, e‐cigarette, and cannabis use.
Legislature size and welfare: Evidence from Brazil
Authors: Mignozzetti Umberto , Cepaluni Gabriel , Freire Danilo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHow does legislature size impact public service provision? Despite the importance of institutional design for democratic governance, the effect of legislative features on citizen welfare remains little understood. In this article, we use a formal model to show that increasing legislature size improves public goods delivery. We argue that changes in bargaining costs depend on whether additional legislators share the executive's party affiliation: More opposition members reduce the equilibrium public goods provision, while more government‐aligned members increase it. We test this theory by exploiting sharp discontinuities in city‐council size in Brazil. We show that an additional city councilor has a 91% chance of belonging to the mayoral coalition, and this significantly improves primary school enrollment and infant mortality rates. To explore possible mechanisms, we surveyed 174 former city councilors and analyzed 346,553 bills proposed between 2005 and 2008. This article has implications for the design of representative institutions.
Evolutionary formation of melatonin and vitamin D in early life forms: insects take centre stage
Authors: Kim Tae‐Kang , Slominski Radomir M. , Pyza Elzbieta , Kleszczynski Konrad , Tuckey Robert C. , Reiter Russel J. , Holick Michael F. , Slominski Andrzej T. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTMelatonin, a product of tryptophan metabolism via serotonin, is a molecule with an indole backbone that is widely produced by bacteria, unicellular eukaryotic organisms, plants, fungi and all animal taxa. Aside from its role in the regulation of circadian rhythms, it has diverse biological actions including regulation of cytoprotective responses and other functions crucial for survival across different species. The latter properties are also shared by its metabolites including kynuric products generated by reactive oxygen species or phototransfomation induced by ultraviolet radiation. Vitamins D and related photoproducts originate from phototransformation of ∆5,7 sterols, of which 7‐dehydrocholesterol and ergosterol are examples. Their ∆5,7 bonds in the B ring absorb solar ultraviolet radiation [290–315 nm, ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation] resulting in B ring opening to produce previtamin D, also referred to as a secosteroid. Once formed, previtamin D can either undergo thermal‐induced isomerization to vitamin D or absorb UVB radiation to be transformed into photoproducts including lumisterol and tachysterol. Vitamin D, as well as the previtamin D photoproducts lumisterol and tachysterol, are hydroxylated by cyochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes to produce biologically active hydroxyderivatives. The best known of these is 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) for which the major function in vertebrates is regulation of calcium and phosphorus metabolism. Herein we review data on melatonin production and metabolism and discuss their functions in insects. We discuss production of previtamin D and vitamin D, and their photoproducts in fungi, plants and insects, as well as mechanisms for their enzymatic activation and suggest possible biological functions for them in these groups of organisms. For the detection of these secosteroids and their precursors and photoderivatives, as well as melatonin metabolites, we focus on honey produced by bees and on body extracts of Drosophila melanogaster. Common biological functions for melatonin derivatives and secosteroids such as cytoprotective and photoprotective actions in insects are discussed. We provide hypotheses for the photoproduction of other secosteroids and of kynuric metabolites of melatonin, based on the known photobiology of ∆5,7 sterols and of the indole ring, respectively. We also offer possible mechanisms of actions for these unique molecules and summarise differences and similarities of melatoninergic and secosteroidogenic pathways in diverse organisms including insects.
Synthesis and SAR investigation of biphenylaminoquinoline derivatives with benzyloxy substituents as promising anticancer agents
Authors: Wu Yu‐Chieh , Lu Meng‐Tien , Kuo Sheng‐Chu , Chu Po‐Chen , Chang Chih‐Shiang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe biphenyl scaffold represents a prominent privileged structure within the realms of organic chemistry and drug development. Biphenyl derivatives have demonstrated notable biological activities, including antimicrobial, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐HIV, and the treatment of neuropathic pain. Importantly, their anticancer abilities should not be underestimated. In this context, the present study involves the design and synthesis of a series of biphenyl derivatives featuring an additional privileged structure, namely the quinoline core. We have also diversified the substituents attached to the benzyloxy group at either the meta or para position of the biphenyl ring categorized into two distinct groups: [4,3′]biphenylaminoquinoline‐substituted and [3,3′]biphenylaminoquinoline‐substituted compounds. We embarked on an assessment of the cytotoxic activities of these derivatives in colorectal cancer cell line SW480 and prostate cancer cell line DU145 for exploring the structure–activity relationship. Furthermore, we determined the IC50 values of selected compounds that exhibited superior inhibitory effects on cell viability against SW480, DU145 cells, as well as MDA‐MB‐231 and MiaPaCa‐2 cells. Notably, [3,3′]biphenylaminoquinoline derivative 7j displayed the most potent cytotoxicity against these four cancer cell lines, SW480, DU145, MDA‐MB‐231, and MiaPaCa‐2, with IC50 values of 1.05 μM, 0.98 μM, 0.38 μM, and 0.17 μM, respectively. This highly promising outcome underscores the potential of [3,3′]biphenylaminoquinoline 7j for further investigation as a prospective anticancer agent in future research endeavors.
Best practice guidelines on genetic diagnostics of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy: Update of the 2012 guidelines
Authors: Giardina Emiliano , Camaño Pilar , Burton‐Jones Sarah , Ravenscroft Gina , Henning Franclo , Magdinier Frederique , van der Stoep Nienke , van der Vliet Patrick J. , Bernard Rafaëlle , Tomaselli Pedro J. , Davis Mark R. , Nishino Ichizo , Oflazer Piraye , Race Valerie , Vishnu Venugopalan Y. , Williams Victoria , Sobreira Cláudia F. R. , van der Maarel Silvere M. , Moore Steve A. , Voermans Nicol C. , Lemmers Richard J. L. F. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe gold standard for facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) genetic diagnostic procedures was published in 2012. With the increasing complexity of the genetics of FSHD1 and 2, the increase of genetic testing centers, and the start of clinical trials for FSHD, it is crucial to provide an update on our knowledge of the genetic features of the FSHD loci and renew the international consensus on the molecular testing recommendations. To this end, members of the FSHD European Trial Network summarized the evidence presented during the 2022 ENMC meeting on Genetic diagnosis, clinical outcome measures, and biomarkers. The working group additionally invited genetic and clinical experts from the USA, India, Japan, Australia, South‐Africa, and Brazil to provide a global perspective. Six virtual meetings were organized to reach consensus on the minimal requirements for genetic confirmation of FSHD1 and FSHD2. Here, we present the clinical and genetic features of FSHD, specific features of FSHD1 and FSHD2, pros and cons of established and new technologies (Southern blot in combination with either linear or pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis, molecular combing, optical genome mapping, FSHD2 methylation analysis and FSHD2 genotyping), the possibilities and challenges of prenatal testing, including pre‐implantation genetic testing, and the minimal requirements and recommendations for genetic confirmation of FSHD1 and FSHD2. This consensus is expected to contribute to current clinical management and trial‐readiness for FSHD.