bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic value of Ki67 index in anaplastic oligodendroglial tumours – a translational study of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Brain Tumor Group
Authors: Preusser Matthias , Hoeftberger Romana , Woehrer Adelheid , Gelpi Ellen , Kouwenhoven Mathilde , Kros Johan M , Sanson Marc , Idbaih Ahmed , Brandes Alba A , Heinzl Harald , Gorlia Thierry , Hainfellner Johannes A , van den Bent Martin 
Published: February 2012

Preusser M, Hoeftberger R, Woehrer A, Gelpi E, Kouwenhoven M, Kros J M, Sanson M, Idbaih A, Brandes A A, Heinzl H, Gorlia T, Hainfellner J A & van den Bent M  (2012) Histopathology 60, 885–894  Prognostic value of Ki67 index in anaplastic oligodendroglial tumours – a translational study of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Brain Tumor GroupAims:  To evaluate the prognostic value and clinical utility of Ki67 tumour cell proliferation index in anaplastic oligodendroglial tumours (AOT).Methods and results:  We performed anti‐Ki67 immunostaining (MIB‐1 antibody) of formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded tumour tissue specimens of 128 patients with newly diagnosed AOT that were treated in a randomized Phase III trial. Ki67 index was assessed by three independent observers and was correlated to clinical, histopathological and molecular features (including 1p/19q co‐deletion, epithelial growth factor receptor gene (EGFR) amplification, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1) mutations, O6‐methylguanine‐DNA methyltransferase gene (MGMT) promoter methylation, and patient survival times. Intra‐ and inter‐observer agreement of Ki67 index assessment was excellent. Univariable analysis (n = 79) showed that patients with a low Ki67 index had significantly more favourable progression‐free survival (PFS) (P‐value = 0.004, log‐rank test) and overall survival (OS) (P‐value = 0.003, log‐rank test) than patients with a high Ki67 index, respectively. On multivariable analysis (n = 43), Ki67 index showed no independent association with PFS or OS.Conclusions:  In AOT the Ki67 index has a strong prognostic impact on univariable analysis, but no independent influence on multivariable analysis. However, further prospective studies including larger numbers of cases and standardized evaluation of Ki67 index in conjunction with other relevant prognostic parameters are needed to draw definitive conclusions.
Optimisation of cross‐linking β‐cyclodextrin and its recycling efficiency for cholesterol removal in milk and cream
Authors: Lee Yun‐Kyung , Ganesan Palanivel , Kwak Hae‐Soo 
Published: February 2012

SummaryThis study was carried out to investigate the optimum conditions of cross‐linking β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) and recycling for cholesterol removal in milk and cream. The cross‐linked β‐CD was prepared with a 15% adipic acid solution, and the water solubility of the β‐CD was measured for the optimum conditions based on mixing temperature, mixing time, cross‐linking temperature, cross‐linking reaction time and cooling time. In the results of this study, optimum conditions were 80 °C mixing temperature, 2 h mixing time, 60 °C cross‐linking temperature, 24 h cross‐linking reaction time and 48 h cooling time. After determining the optimum conditions, the recyclable yields of the cross‐linked β‐CD ranged from 90.01% to 55.17% in six recyclings and the percentage of cholesterol removal by 15% cross‐linked β‐CD was over 90% until eighth recycling. On the basis of the results, this study suggests that 15% adipic acid‐added cross‐linked β‐CD maximised recyclable yield and that cholesterol removal was improved during recycling.
Student centredness in clinical learning: the influence of the clinical teacher
Authors: Newton Jennifer M. , Jolly Brian C. , Ockerby Cherene M. , Cross Wendy M. 
Published: February 2012

newton j.m., jolly b.c., ockerby c.m. & cross w.m. (2012) Student centredness in clinical learning: the influence of the clinical teacher. Journal of Advanced Nursing68(10), 2331–2340.AbstractAim.  This article reports a longitudinal study examining how nursing students learn on clinical placements in three cohorts of undergraduates at a large Australian university.Background.  Preceptorship models of clinical learning are increasing in popularity as a strategy to maximize collaboration between university and healthcare organizations. A clinical education model, underpinned by preceptorship, was offered by an Australian university in partnership with a tertiary healthcare organization to some students.Design.  The study utilized a mixed method approach of surveys and interviews.Method.  It was hypothesized that students participating in the preceptorship partnership model would have more positive perceptions of the clinical learning environment than students participating in other models of clinical education. Data were collected over 3 years, from 2006–2008, using a modified Clinical Learning Environment Inventory from second (n = 396) and third (n = 263) year nursing students. Students were classified into three groups based on which educational model they received.Results.  On the inventory factor, ‘Student centredness’, a Welch test indicated an important difference between the responses of students in the three groups. Games‐Howell post hoc test indicated that students in the clinical preceptorship partnership model responded more positively than students who had both a clinical teacher and a preceptor in a non‐preceptorship partnership model.Conclusion.  Developing sustainable approaches to enhance the clinical learning environment experience for student nurses is an international concern. The significance of continuity of clinical teachers to the contribution of student centredness is an important aspect to be considered.
Evidence databases application: comparison of university faculties versus clinical residents in a developing country
Authors: Sadeghi‐Ghyassi Fatemeh , Nosraty Lily , Ghojazadeh Morteza , Mostafaie Ali 
Published: February 2012

AbstractRationale, aims and objectives  One of the main barriers against the implementation of evidence‐based medicine (EBM) is the lack of search skills, an element that affects the finding of the best available evidence. Faculty staff should be capable of using the best evidence in practice and of teaching students to implement EBM elements. They should be familiar with search strategies and evidence databases. The aim of this study is to compare the application of evidence databases by faculties and by residents with no training in this field.Methods  Two hundred fifty‐seven faculties and first‐year residents of the Tabriz University of Medical Sciences filled out a valid self‐administered questionnaire on information‐seeking behaviour from August 2008 to June 2010. A chi‐square test was used to compare the variables.Results  There were 52.1% of the respondents who were faculty members and 47.9% were residents. Only 8.7% used the Internet for their practice mostly. While Google was the most used resource, TRIP and Cochrane were less used. Significantly, the faculties used these resources more than the residents in both cases. Furthermore, two‐thirds of the participants were unfamiliar with medical subject headings (MeSH), and only 14.5% consulted a clinical librarian for help.Conclusion  Significantly, clinicians used evidence databases and online resources minimally for their practice. Additionally, as the faculties used EBM resources more than the residents, this programme should be considered for inclusion in the curricula of medical schools.
Sustained use of a tool for lifestyle intervention implemented in primary health care: a 2‐year follow‐up
Authors: Carlfjord Siw , Lindberg Malou , Andersson Agneta 
Published: February 2012

AbstractRational, aims and objectives  Sustainability of new methods implemented in health care is one of the most central issues in addressing the gap between research and practice, but is seldom assessed in implementation studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the implementation of a new tool for lifestyle intervention in primary health care (PHC) 2 years after the introduction, and assess if the implementation strategy used influenced sustainability.Method  A computer‐based lifestyle intervention tool (CLT) was introduced at six PHC units in Sweden in 2008, using two implementation strategies: explicit and implicit. The main difference between the strategies was a 4‐week test period followed by a decision session, included in the explicit strategy. Evaluations were performed after 6, 9 and 24 months. After 24 months, the RE‐AIM framework was applied to assess and compare outcome according to strategy.Results  A more positive outcome regarding reach, effectiveness, adoption and implementation in the explicit group could be almost completely attributed to one of the units. Maintenance was low and after 24 months, differences according to strategy were negligible.Conclusion  After 24 months, the most positive outcomes regarding all RE‐AIM dimensions were found in one of the units where the explicit strategy was used. The explicit strategy per se had some effect on the dimension effectiveness, but was not associated with sustainability overall. Staff at the most successful unit earlier had positive expectations regarding the CLT and found it compatible with existing routines.
Development of efficiency indicators of operating room management for multi‐institutional comparisons
Authors: Tanaka Masayuki , Lee Jason , Ikai Hiroshi , Imanaka Yuichi 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjectives  The efficiency of a hospital's operating room (OR) management can affect its overall profitability. However, existing indicators that assess OR management efficiency do not take into account differences in hospital size, manpower and functional characteristics, thereby rendering them unsuitable for multi‐institutional comparisons. The aim of this study was to develop indicators of OR management efficiency that would take into account differences in hospital size and manpower, which may then be applied to multi‐institutional comparisons.Methods  Using administrative data from 224 hospitals in Japan from 2008 to 2010, we performed four multiple linear regression analyses at the hospital level, in which the dependent variables were the number of operations per OR per month, procedural fees per OR per month, total utilization times per OR per month and total fees per OR per month for each of the models.Results  The expected values of these four indicators were produced using multiple regression analysis results, adjusting for differences in hospital size and manpower, which are beyond the control of process owners' management. However, more than half of the variations in three of these four indicators were shown to be explained by differences in hospital size and manpower.Conclusion  Using the ratio of observed to expected values (OE ratio), as well as the difference between the two values (OE difference) allows hospitals to identify weaknesses in efficiency with more validity when compared to unadjusted indicators. The new indicators may support the improvement and sustainment of a high‐quality health care system.
Genetic spatial autocorrelation can readily detect sex‐biased dispersal
Authors: BANKS SAM C. , PEAKALL ROD 
Published: February 2012

AbstractSex‐biased dispersal is expected to generate differences in the fine‐scale genetic structure of males and females. Therefore, spatial analyses of multilocus genotypes may offer a powerful approach for detecting sex‐biased dispersal in natural populations. However, the effects of sex‐biased dispersal on fine‐scale genetic structure have not been explored. We used simulations and multilocus spatial autocorrelation analysis to investigate how sex‐biased dispersal influences fine‐scale genetic structure. We evaluated three statistical tests for detecting sex‐biased dispersal: bootstrap confidence intervals about autocorrelation r values and recently developed heterogeneity tests at the distance class and whole correlogram levels. Even modest sex bias in dispersal resulted in significantly different fine‐scale spatial autocorrelation patterns between the sexes. This was particularly evident when dispersal was strongly restricted in the less‐dispersing sex (mean distance <200 m), when differences between the sexes were readily detected over short distances. All tests had high power to detect sex‐biased dispersal with large sample sizes (n ≥ 250). However, there was variation in type I error rates among the tests, for which we offer specific recommendations. We found congruence between simulation predictions and empirical data from the agile antechinus, a species that exhibits male‐biased dispersal, confirming the power of individual‐based genetic analysis to provide insights into asymmetries in male and female dispersal. Our key recommendations for using multilocus spatial autocorrelation analyses to test for sex‐biased dispersal are: (i) maximize sample size, not locus number; (ii) concentrate sampling within the scale of positive structure; (iii) evaluate several distance class sizes; (iv) use appropriate methods when combining data from multiple populations; (v) compare the appropriate groups of individuals.
Building genetic networks using relatedness information: a novel approach for the estimation of dispersal and characterization of group structure in social animals
Authors: ROLLINS LEE ANN , BROWNING LUCY E. , HOLLELEY CLARE E. , SAVAGE JAMES L. , RUSSELL ANDREW F. , GRIFFITH SIMON C. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractNatal dispersal is an important life history trait driving variation in individual fitness, and therefore, a proper understanding of the factors underlying dispersal behaviour is critical to many fields including population dynamics, behavioural ecology and conservation biology. However, individual dispersal patterns remain difficult to quantify despite many years of research using direct and indirect methods. Here, we quantify dispersal in a single intensively studied population of the cooperatively breeding chestnut‐crowned babbler (Pomatostomus ruficeps) using genetic networks created from the combination of pairwise relatedness data and social networking methods and compare this to dispersal estimates from re‐sighting data. This novel approach not only identifies movements between social groups within our study sites but also provides an estimation of immigration rates of individuals originating outside the study site. Both genetic and re‐sighting data indicated that dispersal was strongly female biased, but the magnitude of dispersal estimates was much greater using genetic data. This suggests that many previous studies relying on mark–recapture data may have significantly underestimated dispersal. An analysis of spatial genetic structure within the sampled population also supports the idea that females are more dispersive, with females having no structure beyond the bounds of their own social group, while male genetic structure expands for 750 m from their social group. Although the genetic network approach we have used is an excellent tool for visualizing the social and genetic microstructure of social animals and identifying dispersers, our results also indicate the importance of applying them in parallel with behavioural and life history data.
Gene flow and pathogen transmission among bobcats (Lynx rufus) in a fragmented urban landscape
Authors: LEE JUSTIN S. , RUELL EMILY W. , BOYDSTON ERIN E. , LYREN LISA M. , ALONSO ROBERT S. , TROYER JENNIFER L. , CROOKS KEVIN R. , VandeWOUDE SUE 
Published: February 2012

AbstractUrbanization can result in the fragmentation of once contiguous natural landscapes into a patchy habitat interspersed within a growing urban matrix. Animals living in fragmented landscapes often have reduced movement among habitat patches because of avoidance of intervening human development, which potentially leads to both reduced gene flow and pathogen transmission between patches. Mammalian carnivores with large home ranges, such as bobcats (Lynx rufus), may be particularly sensitive to habitat fragmentation. We performed genetic analyses on bobcats and their directly transmitted viral pathogen, feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), to investigate the effects of urbanization on bobcat movement. We predicted that urban development, including major freeways, would limit bobcat movement and result in genetically structured host and pathogen populations. We analysed molecular markers from 106 bobcats and 19 FIV isolates from seropositive animals in urban southern California. Our findings indicate that reduced gene flow between two primary habitat patches has resulted in genetically distinct bobcat subpopulations separated by urban development including a major highway. However, the distribution of genetic diversity among FIV isolates determined through phylogenetic analyses indicates that pathogen genotypes are less spatially structured—exhibiting a more even distribution between habitat fragments. We conclude that the types of movement and contact sufficient for disease transmission occur with enough frequency to preclude structuring among the viral population, but that the bobcat population is structured owing to low levels of effective bobcat migration resulting in gene flow. We illustrate the utility in using multiple molecular markers that differentially detect movement and gene flow between subpopulations when assessing connectivity.
TFT6 and TFT7, two different members of tomato 14‐3‐3 gene family, play distinct roles in plant adaption to low phosphorus stress
Authors: XU WEIFENG , SHI WEIMING , JIA LIGUO , LIANG JIANSHENG , ZHANG JIANHUA 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACT14‐3‐3 proteins are a large family of proteins but exact roles of their members in plant response to abiotic stresses are not clear, especially under nutrient deficiency. We investigated the expressions of all the tomato 14‐3‐3 gene family members (TFT1–TFT12) under low phosphorus stress (LP) and found that TFT6 belongs to the later responsive gene while TFT7 belongs to the early responsive gene. When the two genes were separately introduced into Arabidopsis and overexpressed, their plant growth under LP was much enhanced compared with wild‐type plant. TFT6 overexpressing plants showed reduced starch synthase activity, reduced starch content but enhanced sucrose loading into phloem in the shoot under LP. TFT7 overexpressing plants had much enhanced H+ flux along their root tip and activity of plasma membrane H+‐ATPase in the roots under LP. Our results suggest that TFT6 and TFT7 play different roles in plant adaption to LP. TFT6 acts mainly in leaves and is involved in the systemic response to LP by regulating leaf carbon allocation and increasing phloem sucrose transport to promote root growth, while TFT7 directly functions in root by activating root plasma membrane H+‐ATPase to release more protons under LP.
Eradication of black rot (Guignardia bidwellii) from grapevines by drastic pruning
Authors: Sosnowski M. R. , Emmett R. W. , Wilcox W. F. , Wicks T. J. 
Published: February 2012

A drastic pruning strategy was developed to eradicate the fungal disease black rot (Guignardia bidwellii), which is exotic in Australia, from grapevines, while minimizing the economic cost of returning an affected vineyard to its previous quality and production levels. The protocol involved cutting off vines at the top of the trunk, removing debris from the ground beneath and between vines, mulching the vineyard floor, removing low watershoots during vine regrowth and applying a targeted fungicide programme. The protocol was initially evaluated and consequently modified in Australia using an endemic grapevine disease, black spot or anthracnose (Elsinoe ampelina), as an analogous model system. Then, it was validated in a black‐rot‐infested vineyard in New York, USA. Following two seasons of disease‐conducive weather conditions, no black rot was detected on treated vines, whereas leaf and fruit infections developed on the untreated control vines. These results confirmed the efficacy of the protocol for eradicating black rot from vineyards while allowing vines to return quickly to previous yield and quality levels without replanting. The protocol may have applicability to disease eradication protocols for other perennial crops as well. Evidence is also presented on the efficacy and potential pitfalls of burning infected grapevine material to eradicate E. ampelina.
Elements proximal to and within the transmembrane domain mediate the organelle‐to‐organelle movement of bZIP28 under ER stress conditions
Authors: Srivastava Renu , Chen Yani , Deng Yan , Brandizzi Federica , Howell Stephen H. 
Published: February 2012

SummaryArabidopsis bZIP28, an ER membrane‐associated transcription factor, is activated in response to conditions that induce ER stress–adverse environmental conditions or exposure to ER stress agents such as tunicamycin and dithiothreitol. Upon stress treatment, bZIP28 exits the ER and moves to the Golgi, where it is proteolytically processed, releasing its transcriptional component, which relocates to the nucleus. In this study, we tracked the movement of GFP‐tagged bZIP28 in an effort to understand its mobilization from the ER and release from the Golgi. We identified a small region in bZIP28 that is rich in dibasic amino acids and proximal to the transmembrane domain required for its movement from the ER. In response to ER stress, bZIP28 showed enhanced interaction with Sar1 and Sec12, components of the COPII machinery. We demonstrated that the dibasic amino acid‐rich region in bZIP28 is involved in the interaction with Sar1. Upon migration to the Golgi, bZIP28 is proteolytically processed by proteases S1P and S2P. We found a putative helix‐breaking residue in the transmembrane domain of bZIP28 to be crucial for its processing and liberation from Golgi bodies. Thus, in response to stress, bZIP28 moves from organelle to organelle by interaction of critical elements in the molecule with the transport and/or proteolytic machinery resident in the various organelles.
Proper regeneration from in vitro cultured Arabidopsis thaliana requires the microRNA‐directed action of an auxin response factor
Authors: Qiao Meng , Zhao Zhongjuan , Song Yuguang , Liu Zhenhua , Cao Lingxue , Yu Yanchong , Li Shuo , Xiang Fengning 
Published: February 2012

SummaryMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important for the regulation of gene expression, and are involved in many developmental processes. A set of miRNAs which were differentially expressed between cells of totipotent (C1) and non‐totipotent (C2) Arabidopsis thaliana calli was identified, some of which were affected during callus formation or shoot regeneration. One of those down‐regulated after 10 days’ incubation in shoot induction medium (SIM) was MIR160a, for which transcript abundance was lower in C1 than in C2. Over‐expression of MIR160 compromised shoot regeneration from in vitro cultured A. thaliana cells, while the transgenic expression of a miR160‐resistant form of ARF10 was associated with a high level of shoot regeneration. The latter transgenic line also showed an elevated expression level of shoot meristem‐specific genes CLAVATA3, CUP‐SHAPEDCOTYLEDON1 and ‐2, and WUSCHEL. ARF10 expression was concentrated at the initiation sites of shoots or leaves, while during the early phase of shoot regeneration, the accumulation of the ARF10 mRNA was lower in the wild type than in the mARF10 transgenics, in contrast to the pattern of miR160 expression. Thus, miR160 and ARF10 both appear to be components of the regulation of shoot regeneration in vitro.