bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Process intensification for the removal of poly‐histidine fusion tags from recombinant proteins by an exopeptidase
Authors: Kuo Wen‐Hui K. , Chase Howard A. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis study describes the use of a hexa‐histidine tagged exopeptidase for the cleavage of hexa‐histidine tags from recombinant maltose binding protein (MBP) when both tagged species are bound to an immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) matrix. On‐column exopeptidase cleavage only occurred when the cleavage buffer contained an imidazole concentration of 50 mM or higher. Two strategies were tested for the on‐column tag cleavage by dipeptidylaminopeptidase (DAPase): (i) a post‐load wash was performed after sample loading using cleavage buffers containing varying imidazole concentrations and (ii) a post‐load wash was omitted following sample loading. In the presence of 50 mM imidazole, 46% of the originally adsorbed hexa‐histidine tagged MBP was cleaved, released from the column, and recovered in a sample containing 100% native (i.e., completely detagged) MBP. This strategy renders the subsequent purification steps unnecessary as any tagged contaminants remained bound to the column. At higher imidazole concentrations, binding of both hexa‐histidine tagged MBP and DAPase to the column was minimized, leading to characteristics of cleavage more closely resembling that of a batch cleavage. An on‐column cleavage yield of 93% was achieved in the presence of 300 mM imidazole, albeit with contamination of the detagged protein with tag fragments and partially tagged MBP. The success of the on‐column exopeptidase cleavage makes the integration of the poly‐histidine tag removal protocol within the IMAC protein capture step possible. The many benefits of using commercially available exopeptidases, such as DAPase, for poly‐histidine tag removal can now be combined with the on‐column tag cleavage operation. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010
Extraction of Amino Acid Enantiomers with Microemulsions
Authors: Dimitrova P. , Bart H.‐J. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe enantioselective extractions of phenylalanine and tryptophane with oil‐in‐water microemulsion were investigated, where Igepal CO‐630 was used as a non‐ionic surfactant and cyclohexane was employed as the organic phase. N‐heptyl‐L‐hydroxyproline, N‐decyl‐L‐hydroxyproline and N‐hexadecyl‐L‐hydroxyproline were used as hydrophobic chiral selectors and immobilized in the microemulsion droplets. In order to investigate the complexation chemistry, experiments were performed at different conditions by varying the initial concentrations of the enantiomers, pH values and composition of the microemulsion. As a result, the enatioselectivity for tryptophane was seen to be higher than for phenylalanine with all three selectors.
Ein Beitrag zur UN‐Klassifizierung zum Transport selbstentzündlicher Stoffe nach Unterklasse 4.2
Authors: Krause G. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractDie UN gibt eine Empfehlung über die Beförderung gefährlicher Güter heraus. In der Unterklasse 4.2 wird die Klassifizierung von selbstentzündlichen Materialien festgelegt. Es werden Prüfverfahren und Ergebnisbewertungen vereinbart. In dieser Arbeit wird dem Regelwerk, Unterklasse 4.2, eine virtuelle Kinetik parallel zur Seite gestellt, d. h. es wird ein theoretischer Unterbau geschaffen, damit die Festlegungen in der Empfehlung physikalisch interpretiert werden können. Dazu wird die exakte Theorie der Wärmeexplosion herangezogen. Diese liefert die kinetischen Parameter und die volumenabhängigen kritischen Umgebungstemperaturen. Reale Stoffe mit bekannter Kinetik und Stoffwerten werden nach dem Regelwerk klassifiziert. Es werden Lücken und Widersprüche offenbar, die zu einer Modifikation der Klassifizierungsvorschriften anregen sollen. Dazu wird ein Verbesserungsvorschlag unterbreitet.
Prozessintensivierung mit Pervaporation zur Herstellung von Acetalen – Pilotierung
Authors: Clavey T. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIn der vorliegenden Arbeit wird über Pilotierungsversuche zur Gleichgewichtsverschiebung bei der Herstellung eines Acetals durch Pervaporation berichtet. Die Abtrennung des Reaktionswassers wurde mit zwei verschiedenen Membranen mit unterschiedlichem Vernetzungsgrad untersucht. Besonderes Interesse galt neben den spezifischen Flussdichten für Wasser auch dem Trennverhalten der jeweiligen Membranen hinsichtlich der Schlüsselkomponenten Acetal und Keton aus dem Zulaufgemisch sowie der Membranstabilität und möglichen Energieeinsparpotenzialen bei der Aufarbeitung des Reaktionsgemisches. Es wurde gefunden, dass eine spezifische Flussdichte J0 für Wasser von 4,7 kg/(h m2) bei einer Temperatur von 363 K erreicht werden kann. Im Gegensatz zu früheren Laboruntersuchungen [1] wurde bei den Pilotierungsversuchen sowohl Acetal als auch Keton im Permeat festgestellt. Für die höher vernetzte Membran vom Typ B konnte ein Trennfaktor bzw. eine Selektivität S bezüglich des Acetals von 110 und für diejenige des Ketons von 122 ermittelt werden. In der Pilotanlage, einer dreistufigen Reaktionskaskade bestehend aus jeweils einem Reaktor und einer Pervaporationseinheit, konnte der Umsatz um 47 % gesteigert werden. Eine Simulation mit den gemessenen Werten dieser Membran zeigte, dass eine Energieeinsparung von 25 % bei der Aufarbeitung des Reaktionsgemisches möglich ist.
A Review of effectiveness of vegetative buffers on sediment trapping in agricultural areas
Authors: Yuan Yongping , Bingner Ronald L. , Locke Martin A. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIn recent years, there has been growing recognition of the importance of riparian buffers between agricultural fields and waterbodies. Riparian buffers play an important role in mitigating the impacts of land use activities on water quality and aquatic ecosystems. However, evaluating the effectiveness of riparian buffer systems on a watershed scale is complex, and watershed models have limited capabilities for simulating riparian buffer processes. Thus, the overall objective of this paper is to develop an understanding of riparian buffer processes towards water quality modelling/monitoring and nonpoint source pollution assessment. The paper provides a thorough review of relevant literature on the performance of vegetative buffers on sediment reduction. It was found that although sediment trapping capacities are site‐ and vegetation‐specific, and many factors influence the sediment trapping efficiency, the width of a buffer is important in filtering agricultural runoff and wider buffers tended to trap more sediment. Sediment trapping efficiency is also affected by slope, but the overall relationship is not consistent among studies. Overall, sediment trapping efficiency did not vary by vegetation type and grass buffers and forest buffers have roughly the same sediment trapping efficiency. This analysis can be used as the basis for planning future studies on watershed scale simulation of riparian buffer systems, design of effective riparian buffers for nonpoint source pollution control or water quality restoration and design of riparian buffer monitoring programs in watersheds. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The National Sedimentation Laboratory: 50 years of soil and water research in a changing agricultural environment
Authors: Langendoen Eddy J. , Douglas Shields F. , Römkens Mathias J.M. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe papers in this issue are based on selected presentations made at a symposium convened to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the founding of the National Sedimentation Laboratory (NSL) of the US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), located in Oxford, Mississippi. The mission of the NSL is to find solutions to problems associated with soil erosion and sediment delivery from upland areas, erosion and sedimentation in stream channels, the impact of sediment and other agricultural contaminants on the biological well‐being of receiving surface water bodies, and the loss of nutrients and agricultural chemicals from agricultural activities on the landscape. The papers in this issue present a broad overview of current research activities by NSL scientists and their colleagues. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proposal for a benchmark model of a laminated iron core and a large‐scale and highly accurate magnetic analysis
Authors: Takahashi Yasuhito , Wakao Shinji , Fujiwara Koji , Kaimori Hiroyuki , Kameari Akihisa 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis paper describes a benchmark model proposed for the clarification of the characteristic of various methods for modeling the laminated iron core. In order to obtain a reference solution of the benchmark model, a large‐scale nonlinear magnetostatic field analysis with a mesh fine enough to represent the microscopic structure of the laminated iron core is carried out by using the hybrid finite element–boundary element (FE‐BE) method combined with the fast multipole method (FMM) based on diagonal forms for translation operators. The computational costs and accuracy of two kinds of homogenization methods are discussed, comparing them with the reference solution. As a consequence, it is verified that the homogenization methods can analyze magnetic fields in laminated iron core within acceptable computational costs. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 170(1): 26–35, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20809
High‐current lightning discharges in winter
Authors: Ishii Masaru , Saito Mikihisa , Fujii Fumiyuki , Matsui Michihiro , Itamoto Naoki 
Published: September 2009

AbstractLightning electric‐field waveforms related to power line faults in winter have been identified. Most of those waveforms appear to be associated with upward lightning discharges with absolute peak currents of over 100 kA. They are quite different from common return‐stroke waveforms, and the lightning discharges which produce these characteristic waveforms are called GC (Ground to Cloud) flashes. These high‐current lightning discharges are distributed around the coastline in different ways depending on their polarities. The spatial distributions of high‐current lightning discharges around Japan are also investigated. It is revealed that the region of Honshu Island along the coastline of the Sea of Japan belongs to the area in which the density of high‐current lightning flashes is the highest in Japan through the year. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 170(1): 8–15, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20874
Rational, Facile Synthesis and Characterization of the Neutral Mixed‐Metal Organometallic Oxides Cp*2MoxW6–xO17 (Cp* = C5Me5, x = 0, 2, 4, 6)
Authors: Taban‐Çalışkan Gülnur , Agustin Dominique , Demirhan Funda , Vendier Laure , Poli Rinaldo 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe reaction of the bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)pentaoxidodimetal complexes Cp*2M2O5 with four equivalents of Na2M′O4 (M, M′ = Mo, W) in acidic aqueous medium constitutes a soft and selective entry into neutral Lindqvist‐type organometallic mixed‐metal oxides Cp*2MoxW6–xO17 [x = 6 (1), 4 (2), 2 (3), 0 (4)]. The identity of the complexes is demonstrated by elemental analyses, thermogravimetric analyses and infrared spectroscopy. Thermal degradation of 1–4 up to above 500 °C leads to Mox/6W1–x/6O3. The molecular identity and geometry of compound 2 is further confirmed by a fit of the powder X‐ray diffraction pattern with a model obtained from previously reported single‐crystal X‐ray structures of 1 and 4, with which 2 is isomorphous. DFT calculations on models obtained by replacing Cp* with Cp (I–IV) validate the structural assignments and assist in the assignment of the M,M′–O vibrations. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
In situ Synchrotron X‐ray Radiography Investigations of Water Transport in PEM Fuel Cells
Authors: Manke I. , Hartnig C. , Kardjilov N. , Riesemeier H. , Goebbels J. , Kuhn R. , Krüger P. , Banhart J. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWater transport in an operating PEM fuel cell was investigated with synchrotron X‐ray radiography with a spatial resolution of 3 μm and a temporal resolution of 5 s. This method allows for the detection of water accumulations with less than 10 μm diameter. We demonstrate that synchrotron X‐ray imaging can dramatically expand the possibilities of imaging with high spatial and time resolution, especially as a complement to neutron radiography. Water transport processes from the first appearance of small water accumulations in the gas diffusion layer to their transport into the channel system were analysed in situ. Correlations between local effects such as water formation and operating conditions of the whole system, e.g. power variations, were found. A recently described eruptive water transport mechanism is analysed in detail.
Corticospinal tract regeneration after spinal cord injury in receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase sigma deficient mice
Authors: Fry Elizabeth J. , Chagnon Melanie J. , López‐Vales Rubèn , Tremblay Michel L. , David Samuel 
Published: September 2009

AbstractReceptor protein tyrosine phosphatase sigma (RPTPσ) plays a role in inhibiting axon growth during development. It has also been shown to slow axon regeneration after peripheral nerve injury and inhibit axon regeneration in the optic nerve. Here, we assessed the ability of the corticospinal tract (CST) axons to regenerate after spinal hemisection and contusion injury in RPTPσ deficient (RPTPσ−/−) mice. We show that damaged CST fibers in RPTPσ−/− mice regenerate and appear to extend for long distances after a dorsal hemisection or contusion injury of the thoracic spinal cord. In contrast, no long distance axon regeneration of CST fibers is seen after similar lesions in wild‐type mice. In vitro experiments indicate that cerebellar granule neurons from RPTPσ−/− mice have reduced sensitivity to the inhibitory effects of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) substrate, but not myelin, which may contribute to the growth of CST axons across the CSPG‐rich glial scar. Our data suggest that RPTPσ may function to prevent axonal growth after injury in the adult mammalian spinal cord and could be a target for promoting long distance regeneration after spinal cord injury. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of relapsing–remitting and chronic forms of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Berard Jennifer L. , Wolak Kevin , Fournier Sylvie , David Samuel 
Published: September 2009

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Like MS, the animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is characterized by CNS inflammation and demyelination and can follow a relapsing–remitting (RR) or chronic (CH) disease course. The molecular and pathological differences that underlie these different forms of EAE are not fully understood. We have compared the differences in RR‐ and CH‐EAE generated in the same mouse strain (C57BL/6) using the same antigen. At the peak of disease when mice in both groups have similar clinical scores, CH‐EAE is associated with increased lesion burden, myelin loss, axonal damage, and chemokine/cytokine expression when compared with RR‐EAE. We further showed that inflammation and myelin loss continue to worsen in later stages of CH‐EAE, whereas these features are largely resolved at the equivalent stage in RR‐EAE. Additionally, axonal loss at these later stages is more severe in CH‐EAE than in RR‐EAE. We also demonstrated that CH‐EAE is associated with a greater predominance of CD8+ T cells in the CNS that exhibit MOG35–55 antigen specificity. These studies therefore showed that, as early as the peak stage of disease, RR‐ and CH‐EAE differ remarkably in their immune cell profile, chemokine/cytokine responses, and histopathological features. These data also indicated that this model of CH‐EAE exhibits pathological features of a chronic‐progressive disease profile and suggested that the sustained chronic phenotype is due to a combination of axonal loss, myelin loss, and continuing inflammation. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Motivational interviewing with perpetrators of intimate partner abuse
Authors: Musser Peter H. , Murphy Christopher M. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractRecent controlled trials have shown promising benefits of motivational interviewing (MI) as a pretreatment intervention for perpetrators of intimate partner violence (IPV). A 2‐session intake, containing motivational interviewing and structured assessment feedback, was developed for this predominantly court‐mandated clientele. The goals were to reduce initial hostility toward treatment, facilitate verbalization of motivation to change, resolve ambivalence, and increase receptivity to structured group therapy for IPV. An extended case report illustrates the value of MI spirit and techniques, including empathic reflection, evocative questions, affirmation, and rolling with resistance, in achieving these intervention goals. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 65: 1–14, 2009.
Green fluorescent protein as indicator of nonviral transient transfection efficiency in endometrial and testicular biopsies
Authors: Zizzi Antonio , Minardi Daniele , Ciavattini Andrea , Giantomassi Federica , Montironi Rodolfo , Muzzonigro Giovanni , Di Primio Roberto , Lucarini Guendalina 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIn the last years, physical and chemical methods of plasmid delivery have revolutionized the efficiency of nonviral gene transfer, and the success of gene therapy is largely dependent upon the development of gene‐delivery methods. The nonviral techniques that lead to a direct transfer of DNA into tissue fragments, like electroporation (EP) and lipofection delivery systems are still insufficiently investigated. Our aim was to test the efficiency of EP and lipofection protocols in endometrial and testicular tissue fragments, using a naked plasmid DNA encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP). Because the transfection efficiency depends upon several factors, we tried to optimize the transfection conditions by testing different lipofectamine 2000 and plasmid ratios, electrical parameters, and culture after transfection. Our results show that these two nonviral methods of gene delivery are feasible and efficient in gene transfection of endometrial and testicular tissue biopsies. We found that the most performing ratio of plasmid:lipofectamine was 10:50 for transient lipofection, whereas two pulses for 10 s at 960 μF of capacitance, 200 V of voltage were the most favorable electrical parameters for EP efficiency in the presence of 5 μL of phMGFP plasmid. After lipofection and EP, the highest GFP intensity was observed respectively after 48 and 72 h of tissue fragment culturing. In conclusion, nonviral methods are attractive for an improvement of the gene therapy and our protocol could provide useful indications for in vivo gene therapy applications. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MRT letter: In situ observation method for microstructural changes of steel during hot deformation
Authors: Yogo Yasuhiro , Takeuchi Hirohisa , Tanaka Kouji , Iwata Noritoshi , Nakanishi Koukichi , Ishikawa Takashi 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWe report on the result of an in situ method for observing microstructural changes during hot deformation. The observation of microstructural changes of steel at 1,473 K under tensile strain is demonstrated using the reported method. The development of deformed structures and the formation of a new grain boundary, which subsequently moved with increased strain, were clearly observed. The effectiveness of this method was confirmed by the results of several examples. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relationship between body habitus and joint leptin levels in a knee osteoarthritis population
Authors: Gandhi Rajiv , Takahashi Mark , Syed Khalid , Davey J. Rod , Mahomed Nizar N. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractSynovial fluid (SF) leptin has been shown to have an association with cartilage degeneration. Our objective was to examine the relationship between different measures of body habitus and SF leptin levels in an end‐stage knee osteoarthritis (OA) population. Sixty consecutive patients with knee OA were surveyed prior to surgery for demographic data. Body habitus was assessed with the body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist–hip ratio (WHR). SF and serum samples were analyzed for leptin and adiponectin using specific ELISA. Nonparametric correlations and linear regression modeling was used to identify the relationship between the measures of body habitus and SF leptin levels. Females had greater levels of leptin than males in both the serum and SF. Significant correlations were found between SF leptin levels and BMI and WC (R2 0.44 and 0.38, respectively; p < 0.05). Regression modeling showed that female gender and WC were independent predictors of a greater SF leptin level independent of age, BMI, and presence of diabetes (p < 0.05). WC may be a more accurate measure of body habitus than BMI in the relationship between the metabolic effects of adipose tissue and OA. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:329–333, 2010
Novel Polysaccharide‐derived hydrogel prevents perineural adhesions in a rat model of sciatic nerve adhesion
Authors: Yamamoto Michiro , Endo Nobuyuki , Ito Masaya , Okui Nobuyuki , Koh Shukuki , Kaneko Hiroaki , Hirata Hitoshi 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWe investigated the effects of a novel carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)‐derived hydrogel, in which phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) was introduced into the carboxyl groups of CMC, for preventing perineural adhesion after extensive internal neurolysis of rat sciatic nerve. Sciatic nerves were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: the Control group, operated but no treatment; the HA group, operated and treated with 1% hyaluronan; the CMC–PE(L) group, operated and treated with low‐viscosity CMC–PE hydrogel; and the CMC–PE(H) group, operated and treated with high‐viscosity CMC–PE hydrogel. Perineural adhesions were evaluated at 6 weeks. Nerves were also subjected to biomechanical testing to assess ultimate breaking strength. Electrophysiological and wet muscle weight measurements were performed. Breaking strengths were significantly lower for the CMC–PE(L) group than for the Control and HA groups. Latency was significantly longer for the Control group than for the CMC–PE(L) group at 20 days. The mean percentage of wet muscle weight to body weight was significantly lower for the Control group than for the CMC–PE(L) group at 6 weeks. Low‐viscosity CMC–PE hydrogel appears to prevent perineural adhesions and allow early restoration of nerve function. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:284–288, 2010