bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender Identity in Forensic Death Investigation
Authors: Fedor Juniper , Krywanczyk Alison , Redgrave Anthony 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In the current body of forensic literature, there is little guidance available regarding death investigations of transgender, intersex, and gender diverse individuals. An increase in the prevalence of gender diverse identifying people and the frequency in which these individuals experience a premature death makes it more likely these deaths will fall under the jurisdiction of the medical examiner's office. The inability to navigate these diverse cases due to a lack of training, education, and support may leave forensic professionals without the tools needed to accurately represent these deaths.
This narrative review is intended to provide the foundational knowledge needed by forensic death investigators when investigating gender identity in death, including suggested guidelines for a more effective and empathetic death investigation. A better understanding of the implications and applications of this information when included in reports will bolster the quality and quantity of the data reported and collected. This will lead to more accurate monitoring and reporting of violent, suicidal, and homicidal deaths of transgender, intersex, and other gender diverse individuals, and a higher identification rate of unidentified remains with gender diverse markers.
Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Severity and Health-Related Quality of Life Outcomes: Single-Center Retrospective Cohort, 2011–2017*
Authors: Killien Elizabeth Y. , Ohman Robert T. , Dervan Leslie A. , Smith Mallory B. , Rivara Frederick P. , Watson R. Scott 
Published: June 2024

OBJECTIVES:To determine factors associated with health-related quality of life (HRQL) decline among pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS) survivors.DESIGN:Retrospective cohort study.SETTING:Academic children’s hospital.PATIENTS:Three hundred fifteen children 1 month to 18 years old with an unplanned PICU admission from December 2011 to February 2017 enrolled in the hospital’s Outcomes Assessment Program.INTERVENTIONS:None.MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:Pre-admission baseline and median 6-week post-discharge HRQL were assessed using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory or the Functional Status II-R. Patients meeting retrospectively applied Second Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference criteria for PARDS were identified, and PARDS severity was classified using binary (mild/moderate, severe) and trichotomous (mild, moderate, severe) categorization for noninvasive ventilation and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). PARDS occurred in 41 of 315 children (13.0%). Clinically important HRQL decline (≥ 4.5 points) occurred in 17 of 41 patients (41.5%) with PARDS and 64 of 274 without PARDS (23.4%). On multivariable generalized linear regression adjusted for age, baseline Pediatric Overall Performance Category, maximum nonrespiratory Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction score, diagnosis, length of stay, and time to follow-up, PARDS was associated with HRQL decline (adjusted relative risk [aRR], 1.70; 95% CI, 1.03–2.77). Four-hour and maximum PARDS severity were the only factors associated with HRQL decline. HRQL decline occurred in five of 18 patients with mild PARDS at 4 hours, five of 13 with moderate PARDS (aRR 2.35 vs. no PARDS [95% CI, 1.01–5.50]), and seven of ten with severe PARDS (aRR 2.56 vs. no PARDS [95% CI, 1.45–4.53]). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for discrimination of HRQL decline for IMV patients was 0.79 (95% CI, 0.66–0.91) for binary and 0.80 (95% CI, 0.69–0.93) for trichotomous severity categorization.CONCLUSIONS:HRQL decline is common among children surviving PARDS, and risk of decline is associated with PARDS severity. HRQL decline from baseline may be an efficient and clinically meaningful endpoint to incorporate into PARDS clinical trials.
NYC Care: A Large Health Care Access Program for Uninsured New York City Residents
Authors: Jiménez Jonathan , Kress Marielle , Long Ted , Katz Mitchell 
Published: June 2024

Context:
Millions of people living in the United States are excluded from health insurance due to income or immigration status. These 2 groups are more likely to lack access to health care or a regular source of care.

Program:
NYC Health + Hospitals is addressing this need with NYC Care, a health care access program. The program is designed to be the single point of access for uninsured care citywide and includes a membership card, a 24-hour customer service line, and direct access to primary care medical homes. Health care is coordinated across NYC Health + Hospitals using integrated electronic referrals and a medical record system.

Implementation:
The program uses a single enrollment process across safety net health care resources of NYC Health + Hospitals. A 24-hour call center was established to answer questions, make primary care appointments, and make warm handoffs to enrollment staff. Once eligibility is confirmed and patients are enrolled, they are mailed a membership card, a member handbook, and offered a primary care appointment. A multipronged public awareness campaign including citywide, multilingual marketing and outreach via community-based organizations was essential to build trust.

Outcomes:
NYC Care had 119 203 members at the end of June 2023. Fifty-eight percent had not seen a primary care doctor in the NYC Health + Hospitals system in the prior 36 months. In total, 76 439 had completed 1 or more primary care visits; 53.1% of enrollees with diabetes had improved hemoglobin A1c, and 73.4% of enrollees with hypertension had improved blood pressure control after 6 months of enrollment.

Discussion:
NYC Care demonstrates that municipalities can improve access to care for the uninsured by simplifying steps to affordable health care services, connecting patients directly to patient-centered medical homes, and improving the patient experience. A comprehensive public awareness campaign is also crucial.
Valleix's Sign
Authors: Gohritz Andreas , Dellon A. Lee 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Some patients present with clinical symptoms of localized tenderness and pain associated with a specific peripheral nerve, such as the ulnar nerve at the elbow or the sciatic nerve, which has been called, although rarely, "Valleix point” or “Valleix phenomenon”. The purpose of this article was to translate and research the 719-page book “Traité des névralgies ou affections douloureuses des nerfs” dated 1841, dedicated solely to nerve pain (neuralgia), written by the French physician François Louis Isidore Valleix (1807–1855). He may have been the first person to observe and describe this phenomenon of localized pain, but he was probably also the first to describe distal nerve radiation, which he called “élancement” or lancinating, or stabbing. He described the phenomenon of a nerve producing pain at points along its course that we now understand to be sites of compression, clearly describing cubital and fibular tunnel syndromes, which he called neuralgias. He also described some rarer sites of compression, such as supraorbital and occipital neuralgia, notalgia paresthetica, and ACNES, but he did not describe the most common site of compression today, the median nerve at the wrist. Valleix's descriptions are clear and precede the classic 1915 reports of Hoffmann's and Tinel's signs by 74 years.
Compression therapy in patients with venous leg ulcers: a best practice implementation project
Authors: Ruiz María Jesús Samaniego , Moll Nieves Valero , Gálvez Miguel Muñoz , Jiménez Marina Gallego , Muñoz Laura Albornos 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTIntroduction and objectives:Venous leg ulcers are the most common ulcerations of the lower extremities. Compression is the most important consideration and the gold standard treatment for venous leg ulcers. This implementation project aimed to promote best practices in the management of venous leg ulcers in a rural community-care setting.Methods:This project was guided by the JBI Evidence Implementation Framework, which is grounded in audit and feedback processes, along with a structured approach to identifying and managing barriers to compliance with recommended best practices.Results:Compliance with best practices increased for most audit criteria. The use of compression therapy increased from 16.7% to 60%, documentation increased from 6.7% to 50%, replacement of compression bandages from 6.7% to 60%, patient education from 0% to 46.7%, and holistic assessment from 0% to 13%. However, compliance for individualized interventions to promote adherence remained at 0%.Conclusions:This project succeeded in introducing compression therapy as a basic treatment for venous ulcers. However, continued improvement in the care for venous ulcers and guarantee of long-term implementation of evidence are necessary.Spanish abstract:http://links.lww.com/IJEBH/A212
Paraburkholderia largidicola sp. nov., a gut symbiont of the bordered plant bug Physopelta gutta
Authors: Yashima Reona , Terata Yuan , Sakamoto Kaoru , Watanabe Miho , Takeshita Kazutaka 
Published: June 2024

Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, motile bacteria, designated strains F2T and PGU16, were isolated from the midgut crypts of the bordered plant bug Physopelta gutta, collected in Okinawa prefecture, Japan. Although these strains were derived from different host individuals collected at different times, their 16S rRNA gene sequences were identical and showed the highest similarity to Paraburkholderia caribensis MWAP64T (99.3 %). The genome of strain F2T consisted of two chromosomes and two plasmids, and its size and G+C content were 9.28 Mb and 62.4 mol% respectively; on the other hand, that of strain PGU16 consisted of two chromosomes and three plasmids, and its size and G+C content were 9.47 Mb and 62.4 mol%, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that these two strains are members of the genus Paraburkholderia. The digital DNA–DNA hybridization value between these two strains was 92.4 %; on the other hand, the values between strain F2T and P. caribensis MWAP64T or phylogenetically closely related Paraburkholderia species were 44.3 % or below 49.1 %. The predominant fatty acids of both strains were C16 : 0, C17 : 0 cyclo, summed feature 8 (C18 : 1
ω7c/C18 : 1
ω6c), and C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c, and their respiratory quinone was ubiquinone 8. Based on the above genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, strains F2T and PGU16 represent a novel species of the genus Paraburkholderia for which the name Paraburkholderia largidicola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is F2T (=NBRC 115765T=LMG 32765T).
FGF21 reflects a responsive adipose tissue-liver axis in both cardiometabolic burden and following metabolic surgery
Authors: Patt Marie , Karkossa Isabel , Krieg Laura , Massier Lucas , Makki Kassem , Tabei Shirin , Karlas Thomas , Dietrich Arne , Gericke Martin , Stumvoll Michael , Blüher Matthias , von Bergen Martin , Schubert Kristin , Kovacs Peter , Chakaroun Rima M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis research aims to uncover the factors associated with circulating FGF21 levels in a cohort mimicking metabolic disease progression, examining its relationship with adipose tissue (AT) morphology and function. It also investigates FGF21 level changes post-metabolic surgery, predictive factors, and their links to metabolic adjustments.DesignIn this observational study, serum FGF21 was measured in 678 individuals cross-sectionally and longitudinally in 189 undergoing metabolic surgery. We explored links between FGF21, AT histology, cardiometabolic risk factors, weight loss, glucose metabolism changes using feature selection algorithms, univariate/multivariate models, and transcriptome/proteome network analyses in subcutaneous and visceral AT.ResultsFGF21 levels track closely with central adiposity, subclinical inflammation, insulin resistance, and cardiometabolic risk, with circulating leptin emerging as the top predictor. Visceral AT inflammation was associated with liver dysfunction and FGF21 elevation. Post-surgery, FGF21 peaked transitorily at 3 months and predicted fat mass loss at 12 months but not HOMA-IR improvements. Mediation analysis indicated an increased catabolic and AT-lipolytic state associated with higher liver enzyme and FGF21 levels (total effect 0.38, p<0.01; proportion mediation 32%, p<0.01). AT fibrosis was related to a blunted transitory FGF21 increase, and lower fat loss, and hence linked with a reduced surgical effect (FFA and visceral AT fibrosis: rho=-0.31, p=0.030; FFA and fat-mass loss: rho=0.17, p=0.020).ConclusionFGF21 reflects the liver’s metabolic response to AT characteristics in both central adiposity and after metabolic surgery, with its dynamics reflecting AT-liver crosstalk.
Induction of the inflammasome by the SARS-CoV-2 accessory protein ORF9b, abrogated by small-molecule ORF9b homodimerization inhibitors
Authors: Zodda Erika , Pons Mònica , DeMoya-Valenzuela Natàlia , Calvo-González Cristina , Benítez-Rodríguez Cristina , López-Ayllón Blanca Díes , Hibot Achraf , Cascante Marta , Montoya María , Dolors Pujol María , Rubio-Martínez Jaime , Thomson Timothy M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractViral accessory proteins play critical roles in viral escape form host innate immune responses and in viral inflammatory pathogenesis. Here we show that the SARS-CoV-2 accessory protein, ORF9b, but not other SARS-CoV-2 accessory proteins (ORF3a, ORF3b, ORF6, ORF7, ORF8, ORF9c, ORF10), strongly activates inflammasome-dependent caspase-1 in A549 lung carcinoma cells and THP-1 monocyte-macrophage cells. Exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and ATP additively enhanced the activation of caspase-1 by ORF9b, suggesting that ORF9b and LPS follow parallel pathways in the activation of the inflammasome and caspase-1. Following rationalin silicoapproaches, we have designed small molecules capable of inhibiting the homodimerization of ORF9b, which experimentally inhibited ORF9b-ORF9b homotypic interactions, caused mitochondrial eviction of ORF9b, inhibited ORF9b-induced activation of caspase-1 in A549 and THP-1 cells, cytokine release in THP-1 cells, and restored type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling suppressed by ORF9b in both cell models. These small molecules are first-in-class compounds targeting a viral accessory protein critical for viral-induced exacerbated inflammation and escape from innate immune responses, with the potential of mitigating the severe immunopathogenic damage induced by highly pathogenic coronaviruses and restoring antiviral innate immune responses curtailed by viral infection.
Urban wastewater contains a functional human antibody repertoire of mucosal origin
Authors: Stephenson Sean , Eid Walaa , Wong Chandler Hayyin , Mercier Elisabeth , D’Aoust Patrick M. , Kabir Md Pervez , Baral Stefan , Gilbride Kimberly A. , Oswald Claire , Straus Sharon E. , Mackenzie Alex , Delatolla Robert , Graber Tyson E. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTWastewater-based surveillance of human disease offers timely insights to public health, helping to mitigate infectious disease outbreaks and decrease downstream morbidity and mortality. These systems rely on nucleic acid amplification tests for monitoring disease trends, while antibody-based seroprevalence surveys gauge community immunity. However, serological surveys are resource-intensive and subject to potentially long lead times and sampling bias. We identified and characterized a human antibody repertoire, predominantly secretory IgA, isolated from a central wastewater treatment plant and building-scale wastewater collection points. These antibodies partition to the solids fraction and retain immunoaffinity for SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A virus antigens. This stable pool could enable real-time tracking of correlates of vaccination, infection, and immunity, aiding in establishing population-level thresholds for immune protection and assessing the efficacy of future vaccine campaigns, particularly those that are designed to induce humoral mucosal immunity.
Genome-wide association study of anterior uveitis
Authors: Koskimäki Fredrika , Ahokas Oona ,   FinnGen, Estonian Biobank Research Team, Elnahas Abdelrahman , Reigo Anu , Reis Kadri , Esko Tõnu , Palta Priit , Leinonen Sanna , Kettunen Johannes , Liinamaa Johanna , Karjalainen Minna K. , Saarela Ville 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTImportanceAnterior uveitis is an intraocular disease characterized by inflammation of the iris and the ciliary body and known to co-occur with autoimmune diseases. This is the largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis specifically for anterior uveitis to date.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to define genetic factors associated with anterior uveitis through genome-wide association study.Design, setting and participantsIn this GWAS meta-analysis we combined data from the FinnGen, Estonian Biobank and UK Biobank with a total of 12 205 anterior uveitis cases and 917 145 controls. We performed a phenome-wide association study to investigate associations across phenotypes and traits. We also evaluated genetic correlations of anterior uveitis.Main outcomes and measuresGenetic variants associated with anterior uveitis.ResultsWe identified six anterior uveitis associated loci. Genome-wide significant (p< 5 × 10−8) associations were identified for the first time at three loci (INAVA, NLRP3andNOS2). We detected associations at three loci previously reported to be associated with uveitis (ERAP1, TNRC18and theHLAregion) and also replicated associations at two loci previously associated with acute anterior uveitis (IL23RandHDAC2-AS2). In phenome-wide association study, we further detected that lead single nucleotide polymorphism, SNPs, at three of the anterior uveitis associated loci (ERAP1, INAVAandTNRC18) are associated with other immunity-related phenotypes, including ankylosing spondylitis and inflammatory bowel disease. Additionally, we detected a moderate genetic correlation between anterior uveitis and inflammatory bowel disease (rg=0.39,p= 8 × 10−5).Conclusions and relevanceWe identified six anterior uveitis associated loci including three novel loci with genome-wide significance. Our findings deepen our understanding of the genetic basis of anterior uveitis and the genetic connections between anterior uveitis and immune related disorders, providing a foundation for further research and potential therapeutic interventions.
Effect of Antibiotic and Steroid Treatment on Leptospirosis Outcomes: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study in the Transcarpathian Region of Ukraine
Authors: Petakh Pavlo , Oksenych Valentyn , Poliak Mykhailo , Poliak Ivan , Kohutych Anton , Kamyshnyi Oleksandr 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLeptospirosis presents a significant health challenge in the Transcarpathian region of Ukraine, with higher incidence rates and mortality compared to national averages. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to investigate the effects of antibiotic and steroid treatments on outcomes in leptospirosis patients. Our analysis of clinical and laboratory data from a single center revealed that dexamethasone showed significant effects on various clinical variables, as did investigated antibiotics. Particularly, direct bilirubin levels emerged as a strong predictor of death. These findings provide valuable insights for clinicians in managing leptospirosis, aiding in outcome prediction and treatment decision-making not only in the Transcarpathian region but globally.
Hybrid xyloglucan utilisation loci are prevalent among plant-associated Bacteroidota
Authors: Martin Hannah , Rogers Lucy A. , Moushtaq Laila , Brindley Amanda A. , Forbes Polly , Quintion Amy R. , Murphy Andrew R.J. , Daniell Tim J. , Ndeh Didier , Amsbury Sam , Hitchcock Andrew , Lidbury Ian D.E.A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe plant hemicellulose xyloglucan (XyG) is secreted from the roots of numerous plant species, including cereals, and contributes towards soil aggregate formation in terrestrial systems. Whether XyG represents a key nutrient for plant-associated bacteria is unclear. The phylum Bacteroidota are abundant in the plant microbiome and provide several beneficial functions for their host. However, the metabolic and genomic traits underpinning their success remain poorly understood. Here, using proteomics, bacterial genetics, and genomics, we revealed that plant-associatedFlavobacterium, a genus within the Bacteroidota, can efficiently utilise XyG through the occurrence of a distinct and conserved gene cluster, referred to as the Xyloglucan Utilisation Loci (XyGUL).FlavobacteriumXyGUL is a hybrid of the molecular machinery found in gutBacteroidesspp.,Cellvibrio japonicus, and the plant pathogenXanthomonas. Combining protein biochemistry, computational modelling and phylogenetics, we identified a mutation in the enzyme required for initiating hydrolysis of the XyG polysaccharide, an outer membrane endoxyloglucanase glycoside hydrolase family 5 subfamily 4 (GH5_4), which enhances activity towards XyG. A subclade of GH5_4 homologs carrying this mutation were the dominant form found in soil and plant metagenomes due to their occurrence in Bacteroidota and Proteobacteria. However, only in members of the Bacteroidota spp., particularlyFlavobacteriumspp. was such a remarkable degree of XyGUL conservation detected. We propose this mechanism enables plant-associatedFlavobacteriumto specialise in competitive acquisition of XyG exudates and that this hemicellulose may represent an important nutrient source, enabling them to thrive in the plant microbiome, which is typified by intense competition for low molecular weight carbon exudates.
Degradation and Stable Maintenance of AAV Inverted Terminal Repeats inE. coli
Authors: Radukic Marco T. , Le Dinh To , Krassuski Timo , Borchert Philipp , Leach David R. F. , Müller Kristian M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCurrent plasmid propagation compromises large inverted repeats, like inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) of adeno-associated virus (AAV). Direct long-read sequencing analyses upon varying culture conditions and strains revealed ITR instability mechanisms, which diminished in absence of SbcC or at elevated growth temperatures (e.g. 42 °C), with a combination being optimal. Resulting full ITRs improved rAAV yield and purity. The findings advance plasmid biology, cloneable sequences, and therapeutic AAV manufacturing.