bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of virion associated host proteins in vesicular stomatitis virus using a proteomics approach
Authors: Moerdyk-Schauwecker Megan , Hwang Sun-Il , Grdzelishvili Valery Z 
Published: October 2009

Abstract

Background
Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is the prototypic rhabdovirus and the best studied member of the order Mononegavirales. There is now compelling evidence that enveloped virions released from infected cells carry numerous host (cellular) proteins some of which may play an important role in viral replication. Although several cellular proteins have been previously shown to be incorporated into VSV virions, no systematic study has been done to reveal the host protein composition for virions of VSV or any other member of Mononegavirales.

Results
Here we used a proteomics approach to identify cellular proteins within purified VSV virions, thereby creating a "snapshot" of one stage of virus/host interaction that can guide future experiments aimed at understanding molecular mechanisms of virus-cell interactions. Highly purified preparations of VSV virions from three different cell lines of human, mouse and hamster origin were analyzed for the presence of cellular proteins using mass spectrometry. We have successfully confirmed the presence of several previously-identified cellular proteins within VSV virions and identified a number of additional proteins likely to also be present within the virions. In total, sixty-four cellular proteins were identified, of which nine were found in multiple preparations. A combination of immunoblotting and proteinase K protection assay was used to verify the presence of several of these proteins (integrin β1, heat shock protein 90 kDa, heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein, annexin 2, elongation factor 1a) within the virions.

Conclusion
This is, to our knowledge, the first systematic study of the host protein composition for virions of VSV or any other member of the order Mononegavirales. Future experiments are needed to determine which of the identified proteins have an interaction with VSV and whether these interactions are beneficial, neutral or antiviral with respect to VSV replication. Identification of host proteins-virus interactions beneficial for virus would be particularly exciting as they can provide new ways to combat viral infections via control of host components.
A randomized, controlled, prospective trial to evaluate the haemostatic effect of Lyostypt versus Surgicel in arterial bypass anastomosis: "COBBANA" trial
Authors: Baumann Petra , Schumacher Hardy , Hüsing Johannes , Luntz Steffen , Knaebel Hanns-Peter 
Published: October 2009

Abstract

Background
The development of suture hole bleeding at peripheral arterial bypass anastomoses using PTFE graft prostheses is a common problem in peripheral vascular surgery. Traditionally the problem is managed by compression with surgical swabs and reversal heparin or by using several haemostatic device (e.g. different forms of collagen, oxidized cellulose, gelatine sponge, ethylcyanoacrylate glue or fibrin) with various success. Preclinical data suggest that the haemostatic effect of collagen is stronger than that of oxidized cellulose, but no direct clinical comparison of their hemostatic performance has been published so far.

Design
This randomized, controlled, prospective trial evaluates the haemostatic effect of Lyostypt versus Surgicel in arterial bypass anastomosis. 28 patients undergoing an elective peripheral vascular reconstruction due to peripheral vascular disease will be included. Suture hole bleeding occurring at the arterial bypass anastomosis using a PTFE prostheses will be stopped by the application of Lyostypt and/or Surgicel. The proximal anastomoses will be randomized intraoperatively. The patients will be allocated into 4 different treatment groups. Group1 Lyostypt distal/Surgicel proximal; Group 2: Lyostypt proximal/Surgicel distal; Group 3: Surgicel distal and proximal; Group 4: Lyostypt distal and proximal. Primary endpoint of the study is time to haemostasis. Secondary endpoints are the number of intraoperatively used haemostatic devices, postoperative mortality within 30 days as well as the intraoperative efficacy rating of the two devices evaluated by the surgeon. As a safety secondary parameter, the local and general complication occurring till 30 ± 10 days postoperatively will also be analysed. After hospital discharge the investigator will examine the enrolled patients again at 30 days after surgery.

Discussion
The COBBANA trial aims to assess, whether the haemostatic effect of Lyostypt is superior to Surgicel in suture hole bleedings of arterial bypass anastomoses.

Trial registration
NCT00837954
An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants in Wonago Woreda, SNNPR, Ethiopia
Authors: Mesfin Fisseha , Demissew Sebsebe , Teklehaymanot Tilahun 
Published: October 2009

Abstract

Background
Medicinal plants are the integral part of the variety of cultures in Ethiopia and have been used over many centuries. Hence, the aim of this study is to document the medicinal plants in the natural vegetation and home gardens in Wonago Woreda, Gedeo Zone, Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Regional State (SNNPR).

Materials and methods
Thirty healers were selected to collect data on management of medicinal plants using semi-structured interview, group discussion, and field observation. The distribution of plant species in the study areas was surveyed, and preference ranking, direct matrix ranking, priority ranking of factors and Informant consensus factor (ICF) were calculated.

Results
The informants categorized the vegetation into five community types based on plant density and associated landform: 'Raqqa', 'Hakka cadanaba', 'Mancchha', 'Bullukko', and 'Wodae gido'. 155 plant species were collected from the natural vegetation and 65 plant species from the home gardens ('Gattae Oduma'). Seventy-two plant species were documented as having medicinal value: Sixty-five (71%) from natural vegetation and 27 (29%) from home gardens. Forty-five (62%) were used for humans, 15(21%) for livestock and 13(18%) for treating both human and livestock ailments: 35 (43.2%) were Shrubs, 28(34.5%) herbs, 17 (20.9%) trees and 1(1.2%) climbers. The root (35.8%) was the most commonly used plant part. The category: malaria, fever and headache had the highest 0.82 ICF. Agricultural expansion (24.4%) in the area was found to be the main threat for medicinal plants followed by fire wood collection (18.8%). Peoples' culture and spiritual beliefs somehow helped in the conservation of medicinal plants.

Conclusion
Traditional healers still depend largely on naturally growing plant species and the important medicinal plants are under threat. The documented medicinal plants can serve as a basis for further studies on the regions medicinal plants knowledge and for future phytochemical and pharmacological studies.
Genome-wide comparative analysis of the Brassica rapa gene space reveals genome shrinkage and differential loss of duplicated genes after whole genome triplication
Authors: Mun Jeong-Hwan , Kwon Soo-Jin , Yang Tae-Jin , Seol Young-Joo , Jin Mina , Kim Jin-A , Lim Myung-Ho , Kim Jung Sun , Baek Seunghoon , Choi Beom-Soon , Yu Hee-Ju , Kim Dae-Soo , Kim Namshin , Lim Ki-Byung , Lee Soo-In , Hahn Jang-Ho , Lim Yong Pyo , Bancroft Ian , Park Beom-Seok 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Background
Brassica rapa is one of the most economically important vegetable crops worldwide. Owing to its agronomic importance and phylogenetic position, B. rapa provides a crucial reference to understand polyploidy-related crop genome evolution. The high degree of sequence identity and remarkably conserved genome structure between Arabidopsis and Brassica genomes enables comparative tiling sequencing using Arabidopsis sequences as references to select the counterpart regions in B. rapa, which is a strong challenge of structural and comparative crop genomics.

Results
We assembled 65.8 megabase-pairs of non-redundant euchromatic sequence of B. rapa and compared this sequence to the Arabidopsis genome to investigate chromosomal relationships, macrosynteny blocks, and microsynteny within blocks. The triplicated B. rapa genome contains only approximately twice the number of genes as in Arabidopsis because of genome shrinkage. Genome comparisons suggest that B. rapa has a distinct organization of ancestral genome blocks as a result of recent whole genome triplication followed by a unique diploidization process. A lack of the most recent whole genome duplication (3R) event in the B. rapa genome, atypical of other Brassica genomes, may account for the emergence of B. rapa from the Brassica progenitor around 8 million years ago.

Conclusions
This work demonstrates the potential of using comparative tiling sequencing for genome analysis of crop species. Based on a comparative analysis of the B. rapa sequences and the Arabidopsis genome, it appears that polyploidy and chromosomal diploidization are ongoing processes that collectively stabilize the B. rapa genome and facilitate its evolution.
Preparation of Yellow Core–Blue Shell Coordination Polymer Nanoparticles Using Active Surface Coordination Sites on a Prussian-blue Analog
Authors: Ishizaki Manabu , Sajima Yoshie , Tsuruta Shoko , Gotoh Akihito , Sakamoto Masatomi , Kawamoto Tohru , Tanaka Hisashi , Kurihara Masato 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Yellow core–blue shell coordination polymer nanoparticles were prepared through the combination of Fe2+ to the surface FeIII–CN sites exposed on the yellow core nanoparticles of nickel hexacyanoferrate, K0.12Ni3.0[Fe(CN)6]2.04·14H2O. The Fe2+-attached surface shell layer, FeII–NC–FeIII, changed into the Prussian blue-like valence state, FeIII–NC–FeII, via single-electron transfer.
Effects of the Affinity between the Pore Wall and Solvent on the Intracrystalline Diffusivities of Benzene within Porous Materials in the Liquid Phase
Authors: Nakasaka Yuta , Tago Teruoki , Yano Kazuhisa , Masuda Takao 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
The intracrystalline diffusivities of benzene within porous materials in isopropanol solution were measured by the conventional constant volume method. The diffusivities within mesoporous silicas in isopropanol solution were smaller than those in cyclohexane solution. This means the effective pore diameter for the benzene diffusion in the presence of isopropanol is small, because isopropanol are preferentially adsorbed on the pore surface with silanol group due to the hydrophilic affinity.
Silicon-based Interdigitated Electrode Array for Highly Sensitive Heavy Metal Ion Sensing
Authors: Yang Bin , Kong Jinming 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Highly sensitive sensors based on capacitance changes have been developed for the detection of heavy metal ions by utilization of self-assembled monolayer films on silicon oxide surfaces between interdigitated electrodes. The attractive ability of the sensor to efficiently preconcentrate trace amounts of Cu2+ allows a simple and ultrasensitive method for copper ion detection. The wide range linear calibration curve of 1.0×10−13 to 1.0×10−9 M Cu2+ is constructed at 53 Hz. This sensor is highly sensitive and can push the detection limit of copper ion down to 1.0×10−13 M.
Commentary—The Economic and Statistical Significance of Stock Returns on Customer Satisfaction
Authors: Fornell Claes , Mithas Sunil , Morgeson Forrest V. 
Published: October 2009

According to Jacobson and Mizik [Jacobson, R., N. Mizik. 2009. The financial markets and customer satisfaction: Reexamining possible financial market mispricing of customer satisfaction. Marketing Sci. 28(5) 810–819], excess stock portfolio returns for firms with strong customer satisfaction are small and statistically insignificant, and if there is any above-market performance at all, it is due to a small set of firms in the computer and Internet industries. But their data seem to suggest the opposite. The returns are actually both exceptionally large and significant. Using monthly data, their portfolio consisting of strong American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI) firms outperformed the market by 0.0053, corresponding to 6.4% cumulative risk-adjusted above-market returns on an annual basis over a 10-year period—a performance that would beat at least 99% of all large-cap U.S. stock funds tracked by Morningstar. Using a different treatment of risk, their annualized risk-adjusted return is a whopping 8.4% better than market. After eliminating computer, Internet, and utility companies, they find that the monthly risk-adjusted abnormal returns drop to 0.0045, which corresponds to an annual above-market return of 5.4%. This too is better than 99% of all actively managed stock funds in the population. Yet Jacobson and Mizik conclude that these returns are not statistically significant and that there is no evidence that stock returns from firms with strong customer satisfaction outperform the market over the long run. The failure to reject the null hypothesis is probably due to a lack of statistical power in Jacobson and Mizik's analysis. We discuss why this is likely the case and then present new data updating the results from our original article [Fornell, C., S. Mithas, F. Morgeson III, M. S. Krishnan. 2006. Customer satisfaction and stock prices: High returns, low risk. J. Marketing 70(1) 3–14]. The above-market returns persist and are both economically and statistically significant.
Conflictual Motion and Political Inertia: On Rebellions and Revolutions in Bissau and Beyond
Authors: Vigh Henrik 
Published: October 2009

Abstract:Taking its point of departure in the distinction between rebellions and revolutions, this article sheds light on civil war in Guinea-Bissau and West Africa. It builds on prolonged fieldwork among the Aguentas, a militia of urban youth in Bissau, and interrogates their experiences of warfare to further our understanding of some of the dynamics of conflict in the region. It argues that a defining feature of the conflict we have seen in many parts of West Africa is political inertia. Key conflicts, rather than leading to actual sociopolitical change, seem to represent the tremors of chronically unstable political systems: incessant rebellions rather than decisive revolution.
“We Work Hard”: Customary Imperatives of the Diola Work Regime in the Context of Environmental and Economic Change
Authors: Davidson Joanna 
Published: October 2009

Abstract:Hard work is a core value among Diola rice cultivators in Guinea-Bissau. This essay explores Diola attitudes toward work in the context of recent changes in their natural and social environment. It asks why Diola maintain a particular work regime even when they admit that it is not actually workingforthem. The intrinsic characteristics of wet rice cultivation, the tightly woven web of social relations involved in Diola agricultural practices, and the religious ideals with which these practices are linked reinforce one another and serve as powerful drivers of continuity. But given the decreasing viability of wet rice cultivation in this region, Diola work is increasingly detached from the products it is meant to generate. Because Diola farmers remain committed to these work practices in the face of their acknowledged inability to meet subsistence needs, Diola work has become a “paradox of custom.”
Death and the Left Hand: Islam, Gender, and “Proper” Mandinga Funerary Custom in Guinea-Bissau and Portugal
Authors: Johnson Michelle C. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract:This article explores Islam, gender, and “proper” Mandinga funerary “custom” in Guinea-Bissau and Portugal, specifically the contradictions and debates between men and women about Mandinga custom and Islam as they play out in the ritual of shaking with the left hand, wailing at funerals, and visiting healers to investigate the nature of particular deaths. It suggests that far from constituting a “crisis of modernity,” these contradictions and debates have long been central to how Mandinga imagine themselves in a changing world. They have become intensified, however, in the transnational era, in which continuity among identity, place, and death has been ruptured.
“Culture Stops Development!”: Bijagó Youth and the Appropriation of Developmentalist Discourse in Guinea-Bissau
Authors: Bordonaro Lorenzo I. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract:Since the 1960s scholars have criticized the notion of development, arguing that the rhetoric and practice of international development serve imperialistic interests, destroying local orders and colonizing consciousnesses. Through the analysis of the “will to be modern” of a group of young boys living in Bubaque in the Bijagó Islands (Guinea-Bissau), this article shows how the very notion of development can be reworked and employed in an African context, becoming a means for exerting social demands against traditional authorities, and an idiom to express aspirations, needs, and rights.
From the Margins of the State to the Presidential Palace: The Balanta Case in Guinea-Bissau
Authors: Temudo Marina Padrão 
Published: October 2009

Abstract:Balanta farmers of Guinea-Bissau are often regarded by neighboring communities as “backward” and as a people who have refused modern life-worlds. Despite the fact that these farmers played a very important role in the making of Guinea-Bissau, they were progressively removed from power after independence. However, they also developed original forms of contesting marginality. This article portrays the Balanta as complex historical subjects with strategic agendas. It examines the tensions between centrality and marginality in today's Guinea-Bissau and in the Balanta's own ways of imagining their place in the nation.
Introduction: Guinea-Bissau Today—The Irrelevance of the State and the Permanence of Change
Authors: Bordonaro Lorenzo I. 
Published: October 2009

As I was writing this introduction, Guinea-Bissau was rocked by yet another “political crisis.” On the night of March 1 and 2, 2009, the army chief of staff, General Batista Tagme Na Waie, and the president of Guinea-Bissau, João Bernardino “Nino” Vieira, were killed in the space of a few hours. As was to be expected, articles mushroomed in the international press in the following days, sporting headlines that we have long since become accustomed to, such as “Guinea-Bissau Collapse Deepens after Leader Killed” (Pitman 2009) or “Guinea-Bissau Threatens Return to Bad Old Days in Africa” (George 2009). An article by theEconomistIntelligence Unit was entitled—with a literary touch reminiscent of Conrad'sHeart of Darkness—“Edge of the Abyss.” These days Guinea-Bissau, particularly since the 1998–99 civil war, seems to be the poster child for all the negativity generally attributed to African countries, an overlapping of political, economic, and humanitarian crises, in blatant confirmation of the picture of “shadowy Africa” that James Ferguson pinpoints as one of the features of international discourse on Africa today (2006:15,190).Despite these clichéd articles (identical in tone to those that have appeared during the various crises that have characterized the last decade of Guinea-Bissau's history) and pessimistic forecasts from international experts, these violent events have not triggered any real political or civil turmoil. The following morning the capital city, Bissau, was calm. The army leaders declared that they had no intention of intervening in the upcoming elections.
Anticolonial Nationalism in French West Africa: What Made Guinea Unique?
Authors: Schmidt Elizabeth 
Published: October 2009

Abstract:In a 1958 constitutional referendum, Guinea was the only French territory to reject continued colonial subordination in favor of immediate independence. Why did Guinea alone reject the constitution that laid the foundations for France's Fifth Republic? What factors stimulated political parties in other territories to accept the prolongation of French tutelage, even as activists elsewhere on the continent were agitating for independence? Focusing on the eight territories of French West Africa, this article argues that the Guinean branch of the Rassemblement Démocratique Africain, which led the campaign for the “no” vote, differed from other dominant parties in French West Africa in several important ways. These differences, along with the relative power of the colonial chieftaincy, contributed to Guinea's unique stance in the 1958 referendum.
Trabecular volumetric bone mineral density is associated with previous fracture during childhood and adolescence in males: The GOOD study
Authors: Darelid Anna , Ohlsson Claes , Rudäng Robert , Kindblom Jenny M , Mellström Dan , Lorentzon Mattias 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Areal bone mineral density (aBMD) measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) has been associated with fracture risk in children and adolescents, but it remains unclear whether this association is due to volumetric BMD (vBMD) of the cortical and/or trabecular bone compartments or bone size. The aim of this study was to determine whether vBMD or bone size was associated with X-ray-verified fractures in men during growth. In total, 1068 men (aged 18.9 ± 0.6 years) were included in the population-based Gothenburg Osteoporosis and Obesity Determinants (GOOD) Study. Areal BMD was measured by DXA, whereas cortical and trabecular vBMD and bone size were measured by peripheral quantitative computerized tomography (pQCT). X-ray records were searched for fractures. Self-reported fractures in 77 men could not be confirmed in these records. These men were excluded, resulting in 991 included men, of which 304 men had an X-ray-verified fracture and 687 were nonfracture subjects. Growth charts were used to establish the age of peak height velocity (PHV, n = 600). Men with prevalent fractures had lower aBMD (lumbar spine 2.3%, p = .005; total femur 2.6%, p = .004, radius 2.1%, p &lt; .001) at all measured sites than men without fracture. Using pQCT measurements, we found that men with a prevalent fracture had markedly lower trabecular vBMD (radius 6.6%, p = 7.5 × 10−8; tibia 4.5%, p = 1.7 × 10−7) as well as a slightly lower cortical vBMD (radius 0.4%, p = .0012; tibia 0.3%, p = .015) but not reduced cortical cross-sectional area than men without fracture. Every SD decrease in trabecular vBMD of the radius and tibia was associated with 1.46 [radius 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.26–1.69; tibia 95% CI 1.26–1.68] times increased fracture prevalence. The peak fracture incidence coincided with the timing of PHV (±1 year). In conclusion, trabecular vBMD but not aBMD was independently associated with prevalent X-ray-verified fractures in young men. Further studies are needed to determine if assessment of trabecular vBMD could enhance prediction of fractures during growth in males. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Optimalitätstheoretische Modellierung von Groß- und Kleinschreibung: eine Beispielanalyse englischer Texte um 1730
Authors: Grüter Majana 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Based on the view that orthography is a means of reader orientation, this article examines the role of capitalization in a sample of English early modern texts. The format of optimality theory provides the instrument for an in-depth analysis of the use of capital letters, as well as an adequate method of describing the variation within the texts. The default criteria for capitals are of syntactic character, whereas semantic constraints prohibit majuscules. Several aspects of grammar and meaning play a part in the evaluation of different spellings, distinguishing between automated processes (lower ranked constraints) and claims of semantics and the lexicon (higher ranked constraints). This article exemplifies the analysis with a short excerpt from an 18th century novel and illustrates the three parts of my approach: first, the division of the text into its constituents; second, an evaluation of the capitalization on the basis of syntactic and semantic criteria, and eventually the representation in an optimality theory tableau. Together, these steps help to establish a profile of the text which pinpoints the specific hierarchy of the different constraints.