bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creating Picture Legends for Group Photos
Authors: Gao Junhong , Kim Seon Joo , Brown Michael S. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractGroup photos are one of the most common types of digital images found in personal image collections and on social networks. One typical post‐processing task for group photos is to produce a key or legend to identify the people in the photo. This is most often done using simple bounding boxes. A more professional approach is to create a picture legend that uses either a full or partial silhouette to identify the individuals. This paper introduces an efficient method for producing picture legends for group photos. Our approach combines face detection with human shape priors into an interactive selection framework to allow users to quickly segment the individuals in a group photo. Our results are better than those obtained by general selection tools and can be produced in a fraction of the time.
Interactive Editing of GigaSample Terrain Fields
Authors: Treib Marc , Reichl Florian , Auer Stefan , Westermann Rüdiger 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPrevious terrain rendering approaches have addressed the aspect of data compression and fast decoding for rendering, but applications where the terrain is repeatedly modified and needs to be buffered on disk have not been considered so far. Such applications require both decoding and encoding to be faster than disk transfer. We present a novel approach for editing gigasample terrain fields at interactive rates and high quality. To achieve high decoding and encoding throughput, we employ a compression scheme for height and pixel maps based on a sparse wavelet representation. On recent GPUs it can encode and decode up to 270 and 730 MPix/s of color data, respectively, at compression rates and quality superior to JPEG, and it achieves more than twice these rates for lossless height field compression. The construction and rendering of a height field triangulation is avoided by using GPU ray‐casting directly on the regular grid underlying the compression scheme. We show the efficiency of our method for interactive editing and continuous level‐of‐detail rendering of terrain fields comprised of several hundreds of gigasamples.
Procedural texture preview
Authors: Lasram Anass , Lefebvre Sylvain , Damez Cyrille 
Published: June 2012

AbstractProcedural textures usually require spending time testing parameters to realize the diversity of appearances.This paper introduces the idea of a procedural texture preview: A single static image summarizing in a limited pixel space the appearances produced by a given procedure.Unlike grids of thumbnails our previews present a continuous image of appearances, analog to a map.The main challenge is to ensure that most appearances are visible, are allocated a similar pixel area, and are ordered in a smooth manner throughout the preview.To reach this goal, we introduce a new layout algorithm accounting simultaneously for these criteria.After computing a layout of appearances, we rely on by‐example texture synthesis to produce the final preview.We demonstrate our approach on a database of production‐level procedural textures.
3D Material Style Transfer
Authors: Nguyen Chuong H. , Ritschel Tobias , Myszkowski Karol , Eisemann Elmar , Seidel Hans‐Peter 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThis work proposes a technique to transfer the material style or mood from a guide source such as an image or video onto a target 3D scene. It formulates the problem as a combinatorial optimization of assigning discrete materials extracted from the guide source to discrete objects in the target 3D scene. The assignment is optimized to fulfill multiple goals: overall image mood based on several image statistics; spatial material organization and grouping as well as geometric similarity between objects that were assigned to similar materials. To be able to use common uncalibrated images and videos with unknown geometry and lighting as guides, a material estimation derives perceptually plausible reflectance, specularity, glossiness, and texture. Finally, results produced by our method are compared to manual material assignments in a perceptual study.
Soft Stacking
Authors: McCann J. , Pollard N. S. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIn this paper, we present a continuous approach to ordering 2D images when compositing. Previous methods for stacking image layers require them to appear in a single (though possibly different) order at every point in the image. Our soft stacking approach removes this restriction — allowing layers to stack as if they were volumes of fog, appearing partially in front of and partially in back of other layers within the same pixel, and moving smoothly through other layers across the image. Our approach involves augmenting each pixel with stacking coefficients— a necessary and sufficient representation for sub‐pixel stacking complexity. These stacking coefficients arise naturally when considering sub‐pixel stacking complexity, much as continuous (alpha) transparency arises when considering sub‐pixel coverage complexity.While the number of stacking coefficients required to represent all possible sub‐pixel stacking arrangements is factorial in the number of layers in the stack, in many practical situations only a small subset of the stacking coefficients are nonzero. We use this sparsity as the basis of a prototype that allows artists to interactively paint stacking adjustments into composites. Additionally, we demonstrate how to generate optimally‐stacked images under a generalized notion of stacking consistency.
Realistic following behaviors for crowd simulation
Authors: Lemercier S. , Jelic A. , Kulpa R. , Hua J. , Fehrenbach J. , Degond P. , Appert‐Rolland C. , Donikian S. , Pettré J. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWhile walking through a crowd, a pedestrian experiences a large number of interactions with his neighbors. The nature of these interactions is varied, and it has been observed that macroscopic phenomena emerge from the combination of these local interactions. Crowd models have hitherto considered collision avoidance as the unique type of interactions between individuals, few have considered walking in groups. By contrast, our paper focuses on interactions due to the following behaviors of pedestrians. Following is frequently observed when people walk in corridors or when they queue. Typical macroscopic stop‐and‐go waves emerge under such traffic conditions. Our contributions are, first, an experimental study on following behaviors, second, a numerical model for simulating such interactions, and third, its calibration, evaluation and applications. Through an experimental approach, we elaborate and calibrate a model from microscopic analysis of real kinematics data collected during experiments. We carefully evaluate our model both at the microscopic and the macroscopic levels. We also demonstrate our approach on applications where following interactions are prominent.
Manipulation of Flexible Objects by Geodesic Control
Authors: Wang He , Komura Taku 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe propose an effective and intuitive method for controlling flexible models such as ropes and cloth. Automating manipulation of such flexible objects is not an easy task due to the high dimensionality of the objects and the low dimensionality of the control. In order to cope with this problem, we introduce a method called Geodesic Control, which greatly helps to manipulate flexible objects. The core idea is to decrease the degrees of freedom of the flexible object by moving it along the geodesic line of the object that it is interacting with. By repeatedly applying this control, users can easily synthesize animations of twisting and knotting a piece of rope or wrapping a cloth around an object. We show examples of “furoshiki wrapping”, in which an object is wrapped by a cloth by a series of maneuvers based on Geodesic Control. As our representation can abstract such maneuvers well, the procedure designed by a user can be re‐applied for different combinations of cloth and an object. The method is applicable not only for computer animation but also for 3D computer games and virtual reality systems.
Pixel Art with Refracted Light by Rearrangeable Sticks
Authors: Yue Yonghao , Iwasaki Kei , Chen Bing‐Yu , Dobashi Yoshinori , Nishita Tomoyuki 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPixel art is a kind of digital art that through per‐pixel manipulation enables production of a diverse array of artistic images. In this paper, we present a new way for people to experience and express pixel art. Our digital art consists of a set of sticks made of acrylate resin, each of which refracts light from a parallel light source, in certain directions. Artistic users are able to easily rearrange these sticks and view their digital art through the refracted light projection on any planar surface. As we demonstrate in this paper, a user can generate various artistic images using only a single set of sticks. We additionally envision that our pixel art with rearrangeable sticks would have great entertainment appeal, e.g., as an art puzzle.
Procedural Interpolation of Historical City Maps
Authors: Krecklau Lars , Manthei Christopher , Kobbelt Leif 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe propose a novel approach for the temporal interpolation of city maps. The input to our algorithm is a sparse set of historical city maps plus optional additional knowledge about construction or destruction events. The output is a fast forward animation of the city map development where roads and buildings are constructed and destroyed over time in order to match the sparse historical facts and to look plausible where no precise facts are available. A smooth transition between any real‐world data could be interesting for educational purposes, because our system conveys an intuition of the city development. The insertion of data, like when and where a certain building or road existed, is efficiently performed by an intuitive graphical user interface. Our system collects all this information into a global dependency graph of events. By propagating time intervals through the dependency graph we can automatically derive the earliest and latest possible date for each event which are guaranteeing temporal as well as geographical consistency (e.g. buildings can only appear along roads that have been constructed before). During the simulation of the city development, events are scheduled according to a score function that rates the plausibility of the development (e.g. cities grow along major roads). Finally, the events are properly distributed over time to control the dynamics of the city development. Based on the city map animation we create a procedural city model in order to render a 3D animation of the city development over decades.
Intravenous injection of indocyanine green to enhance laser‐assisted coagulation of blood vessels in skin – an animal study
Authors: Bäumler W. , Paasch U. , Klein A. , Landthaler M. , Friedman R. , Shafirstein G. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackground  Laser therapy of vascular lesions, such as port wine stains (PWS) or leg veins are still imperfect due to different diameters and depth of vessels in tissue. We propose to improve blood vessel coagulation by intravenous introduction of an exogenous chromophore (indocyanine green, ICG) that effectively converts near‐infrared (NIR) laser light into heat.Objective  The purpose of this study was to determine the plasma clearance rate, systemic toxicity and histological effects of ICG‐assisted laser therapy in an animal model.Methods  Piglets received intravenous injection of ICG. Blood samples were collected at different times. Systemic toxicity was assessed by measuring liver enzyme levels and other indicators of liver function. The plasma clearance rate of ICG was determined by light absorption measurement in blood samples. The skin was irradiated with a diode laser (810 nm) using radiant exposures from 31 to 80 J/cm². Skin reaction at the treatment site was graded, and punch biopsies were taken for histological examination at 24 and 72 h after treatment.Results  No hepatic toxicity was observed. The clinical examination revealed no adverse skin reactions at 24 or 72 h after laser irradiation. This was confirmed by histological evaluation that showed efficient vessel coagulation without damage of the epidermis or dermis.Conclusions  In light of these in vivo results, we suggest that ICG‐assisted laser therapy could substantially improve clinical outcomes of PWS or leg veins treatment with minimal risk of adverse reactions.
The evolution of prenatal screening and diagnosis and its impact on an unselected population over an 18‐year period
Authors: Boyd PA , Rounding C , Chamberlain P , Wellesley D , Kurinczuk JJ 
Published: June 2012

Please cite this paper as: Boyd P, Rounding C, Chamberlain P, Wellesley D, Kurinczuk J. The evolution of prenatal screening and diagnosis and its impact on an unselected population over an 18‐year period. BJOG 2012;119:1131–1140.Objective  To review changes in and impact of prenatal screening and diagnosisDesign  Population‐based congenital anomaly register study.Setting  Oxfordshire.Population  Congenital anomalies confirmed and those suspected prenatally, delivered 1991–2008.Methods  Analysis of proportions of congenital anomalies confirmed and those suspected prenatally.Main outcome measures  Birth prevalence, prenatal detection rates, pregnancy outcomes.Results  A total of 2651 (2.3%) infants/fetuses had a congenital anomaly diagnosed. There were 3839 suspected or confirmed cases, 2847 due to a prenatal suspicion, of which 1659 had an anomaly confirmed at delivery, and 1188 false‐positive diagnoses, 91% due to reporting ultrasound normal variants. The percentage of prenatal notifications rose from 48% in 1991–93 to 83–88% from 1996 to 2003 and dropped to 61% in 2006–08, partly reflecting changes in the reporting of normal variants. Reporting these increased the prenatal diagnosis rate from 53 to 63% with an increase in false‐positive rate from 0.09 to 1.04%. A total of 722 (44% of prenatally detected affected fetuses) resulted in termination; 48% of these had chromosome anomalies, 34% had isolated structural anomalies, 7% had multiple anomalies, 10% had familial disorders; 42% had lethal anomalies and 58% would probably have survived the neonatal period giving an estimated 20% reduction in birth prevalence of congenital anomalies compatible with survival because of terminations.Conclusion  There has been an improvement in prenatal detection of congenital anomalies over the two decades studied. The recognition that reporting normal variants, although increasing prenatal detection rates, leads to an increase in false‐positive diagnoses has had an impact on practice that has redressed the balance between these two effects.
Evaluating the competing risks of HIV acquisition and maternal mortality in Africa: a decision analysis
Authors: Rodriguez MI , Reeves MF , Caughey AB 
Published: June 2012

Please cite this paper as: Rodriguez M, Reeves M, Caughey A. Evaluating the competing risks of HIV acquisition and maternal mortality in Africa: a decision analysis. BJOG 2012;119:1067–1073.Objective  To model the risk of HIV acquisition and maternal mortality for women in four African countries in the light of previous data on risk of HIV acquisition and hormonal contraceptive use.Design  Decision analysis.Setting  Chad, Kenya, South Africa and Uganda.Population  Women of reproductive age, at risk of HIV, who do not desire pregnancy.Methods  A decision analysis model was built to compare the consequences of removing progestin injectables from use, assuming an increased risk of HIV acquisition. Three scenarios were considered in four African countries: replacement of progestin injectables with no method, with combined oral contraceptives (COC) or with an intrauterine device (IUD). Health outcomes measured include: life‐years, maternal mortality, HIV acquisition and unsafe abortion. Sensitivity analysis, including Monte Carlo simulation, was performed around all variables.Main outcome measures  HIV acquisition, maternal mortality and life‐years.Results  If progestin injectables are removed from use, without a minimum of 70–100% of women switching to an IUD or COCs, up to nine additional maternal deaths will occur for every case of HIV averted. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that this finding persisted across a broad range of variables.Conclusions  Contraception is critical to preserving life for women in Africa. In the absence of clear evidence regarding hormonal contraception and HIV acquisition, policy decisions must not overlook the very real risk of maternal mortality.
Factors influencing compliance to hygiene routines in community care ‐ the viewpoint of medically responsible nurses in Sweden
Authors: Lindh Marianne , Kihlgren Annica , Perseius Kent‐Inge 
Published: June 2012

Scand J Caring Sci; 2013; 27; 224–230

Factors influencing compliance to hygiene routines in community care ‐ the viewpoint of medically responsible nurses in Sweden
Aims and objectives:  The aim of the study was to describe factors influencing compliance to hygiene routines in community care in Swedish municipalities from the perspective of medically responsible nurses (MRN).Method:  A web‐based questionnaire was sent to all MRNs in Swedish municipalities, N = 268. Beside demographical background data, the questionnaire contained two core open‐ended questions generating free text data. Data were analysed with descriptive statistics and qualitative content analysis.Result:  Four categories of factors were found: resources, management, staff and external factors. All four categories contained subcategories.Conclusion:  To some extent, the challenges to uphold adequate compliance to hygiene routines seem different in community care than in hospitals. Resources regarding equipment and supplies seem as an uncertain asset and uneven distributed among municipalities. Home likeness was seen as a major obstacle for upholding adequate hygiene routines. To uphold sufficient hygiene routines in a person’s home or in a home‐like environment might be one of the major challenges for community health care in the future. The MRN’s narratives suggest that Registered Nurses have a key role in upholding sufficient hygiene in community care. This report might contribute in providing them with more knowledge to take on this urgent task.
RECOVER evidence and knowledge gap analysis on veterinary CPR. Part 3: Basic life support
Authors: Hopper Kate , Epstein Steven E. , Fletcher Daniel J. , Boller Manuel ,   the RECOVER Basic Life Support Domain Worksheet Authors
Published: June 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo systematically examine the evidence on basic life support (BLS) in veterinary CPR and to determine knowledge gaps.DesignStandardized, systematic evaluation of the literature, categorization of relevant articles according to level of evidence and quality, and development of consensus on conclusions for application of the concepts to clinical practice. Relevant questions were answered on a worksheet template and reviewed by the Reassessment Campaign on Veterinary Resuscitation (RECOVER) BLS domain members, by the RECOVER committee and opened for comments by veterinary professionals for 30 days.SettingAcademia, referral practice, and general practice.ResultsSixteen worksheets were prepared to evaluate techniques for chest compression and ventilation strategies as well as identification of cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA). Major recommendations arising from this evidence review include performing chest compressions at a rate of at least 100/min at a compression depth of one‐third to half the width of the chest with minimal pauses, and early instigation of ventilation at a rate of 8–10 breaths/min in intubated patients, or using a 30:2 compression/ventilation ratio in nonintubated patients.ConclusionsAlthough veterinary clinical trials are lacking, much of the experimental literature on BLS utilized canine models. The major conclusions from this analysis of the literature are the importance of early identification of CPA, and immediate initiation of BLS in these patients. Many knowledge gaps exist, most importantly in our understanding of the optimal hand placement and technique for chest compressions, warranting coordinated future studies targeted at questions of relevance to differences between veterinary species and humans.
Detection of dengue virus in sera of Brazilian blood donors
Authors: Dias Leny Lobo , Amarilla Alberto Anastacio , Poloni Telma Regina , Covas Dimas Tadeu , Aquino Victor Hugo , Figueiredo Luiz Tadeu Moraes 
Published: June 2012

BACKGROUND: Dengue is the most important arboviral disease in the world. Dengue viruses (DENVs) have produced huge outbreaks in Brazil in the past 25 years with more than 5 million reported cases. During these epidemics, asymptomatic individuals infected with DENV could donate blood and serve as a source of virus dissemination in the community. Here, we studied the circulation of DENV in healthy individuals during an epidemic outbreak.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The study included 500 serum samples from healthy blood donors collected at the Hemotherapy Center of Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, during a dengue outbreak. The presence of DENV RNA in the serum samples was screened by real‐time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The virus serotype was determined by a heminested PCR procedure. A partial fragment of the NS5 gene sequence was used for phylogenetic analysis.RESULTS: DENV RNA was detected in the serum sample of 2 of 500 (0.4%) individuals. Both of them were infected with DENV‐3 Genotype III, a virus that has been circulating in Brazil in the past decade.CONCLUSION: Individuals with asymptomatic DENV infection can be blood donors and serve as a source of virus dissemination in the community. Further studies are needed to determine the risk of recipient infection by DENV as a result of transfusion in Brazil, especially during epidemic periods.
Skin integrity testing and monitoring of in vitro tape stripping by capacitance‐based sensor imaging
Authors: Klang Victoria , Schwarz Julia C. , Haberfeld Silvia , Xiao Perry , Wirth Michael , Valenta Claudia 
Published: June 2012

BackgroundDespite the frequent use of porcine ear skin for tape‐stripping experiments, the peculiarities of this skin type have not been characterised in detail yet. Thus, different techniques were employed to investigate the skin surface structure of porcine ear skin and the changes in barrier function during in vitro tape stripping. To this end, the potential of capacitance‐based skin hydration imaging as a means of skin quality control was investigated for the first time.MethodsThe porcine ear model was characterised before and during tape stripping using transepidermal water loss (TEWL) measurements, capacitance‐based sensor imaging, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR) and optical light microscopy.ResultsThe capacitance‐based sensor was found to deliver precise information about the quality of the employed skin sites before and during tape stripping. The removal of stratum corneum proteins was highly reproducible even for different porcine ear types. The mean greyscale values showed an excellent linear correlation to the corresponding TEWL values and the respective penetration depth. Optical light microscopy confirmed the presence of canyons on the surface of porcine ear skin.ConclusionThe results suggest that the capacitance‐based sensor is a suitable tool for skin integrity testing of porcine ear skin in vitro and for monitoring changes in skin barrier function.