bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence, incidence and persistence of etanercept and adalimumab in Norway 2005–2009
Authors: Mahic Milada , Skurtveit Svetlana , Selmer Randi , Rønning Marit , Furu Kari 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTPurposeExamining the prevalence, incidence and persistence of use of etanercept and adalimumab in Norway during 2005–2009.MethodsWe retrieved data from the nationwide Norwegian Prescription Database (NorPD) for all individuals who were dispensed etanercept or adalimumab from pharmacies during 2005–2009. The NorPD covers the total Norwegian population in ambulatory care. Key measurements were one‐year prevalence, incidence rate and persistence (minimum refill).ResultsThe one‐year prevalence for etanercept and adalimumab was 1.59‰ (n = 3840) for men and 1.85‰ (n = 4483) for women in 2009, an increase from 0.76‰ (n = 1752) for men and 1.21‰ (n = 2830) for women from 2005. The prevalence increased during the entire study time in all ages, with the highest prevalence for both genders among those aged 50–69. A total of 7786 individuals started therapy with etanercept or adalimumab during 2005–2009. Annual incidence of new users increased with 23.6% from 2005 to 2009. Sixty one percent of new users redeemed etanercept as the first drug, and 39% redeemed adalimumab. Sixty seven percent of all individuals who received etanercept or adalimumab in 2005 refilled their prescription at least once each of the following 4 years.ConclusionsBoth prevalence and incidence of use of etanercept and adalimumab increased in Norway during 2005–2009. A high proportion of the individuals redeemed prescriptions regularly over 5 years. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelle für Graphen – einfach und dennoch eindrucksvoll
Authors: Quadbeck‐Seeger Hans‐Jürgen 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAm 10. Dezember erhielten Andre Geim und Konstantin Novoselov den Physik‐Nobelpreis 2010 für ihre Arbeiten zum Graphen. Lässt sich diese interessante, monomolekulare Schicht des Graphits auch mit herkömmlichen Molekülbausätzen als Modell nachbilden? Im Prinzip ja, praktisch gibt es jedoch eine triviale Grenze: die unzureichende Zahl an C‐Atomen in der sp2‐Struktur. Mit dem System Moletomics™ tritt dieses Problem erst gar nicht auf. Beliebig große Modellflächen lassen sich einfach und preiswert herstellen.
Schneemuster auf Pflastersteinen
Authors: Schlichting Hans J. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractFällt Schnee auf ein Steinpflaster, so zeichnet er die Fugen und Steine nach. Doch während er in einem Fall auf den Steinen schmilzt, bleibt er im anderen Fall auf ihnen liegen. Welcher physikalische Mechanismus sorgt für dieses unterschiedliche Verhalten?
Vom Steigen und Sinken
Authors: Vilgis Thomas 
Published: December 2010

AbstractLiebhaber von Rohmilch oder nicht homogenisierter Milch beobachten häufig das Aufrahmen: Nach einiger Zeit setzt sich eine schmackhafte Rahmschicht ab, die sich aus größeren Fettpartikeln und Milchproteinen zusammensetzt. Die Aufrahmung lässt sich zwar mit einfachen Mitteln der makroskopischen Physik verstehen, allerdings spielen bei genauerem Hinsehen stochastische Kräfte eine nicht unerhebliche Rolle.
Optische Minimagnetometer
Authors: Knappe Svenja , Preusser Jan , Trahms Lutz , Sander Tilmann 
Published: December 2010

AbstractMit einfachen, auf der Brust angebrachten Elektroden lässt sich bekanntlich ein Elektrokardiogramm (EKG) aufzeichnen. Hierbei nutzt man die Tatsache, dass die Ströme im menschlichen Herzmuskel Potentialänderungen auf der Haut verursachen. Gleichzeitig entstehen schwache Magnetfelder, die sich mit supraleitenden Magnetometern (SQUIDs, Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices) messen lassen. Diese müssen allerdings mit flüssigem Helium auf etwa – 269 °C gekühlt werden. Seit einiger Zeit können auch optische Magnetometer Magnetkardiogramme erstellen. Im Gegensatz zu SQUIDs benötigen sie keine aufwändige Kühltechnik.
Die (wirkliche) Dreifachspaltung schwerer Kerne
Authors: von Oertzen Wolfram 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSchwere radioaktive Kerne zerfallen in zwei Fragmente mittlerer Masse, wie man seit den ersten Experimenten von Otto Hahn und Fritz Straßmann weiß. Dabei werden große Energiemengen frei. Vor etwa 35 Jahren führten jedoch Rechnungen zu der Voraussage, dass auch Spaltungen in drei mittelschwere Fragmente vorkommen müssten – mit noch höherer Energieausbeute, aber auch mit sehr geringer Wahrscheinlichkeit. Kürzlich gelang einer russisch‐deutschen Kollaboration am Flerov Laboratory im JINR in Dubna (Russland) unter Beteiligung des Helmholtz‐Zentrums Berlin (HZB) erstmals der Nachweis dieses seltenen Zerfalls am spontanen Zerfall von Californium‐252 und bei der neutroneninduzierten Spaltung von Uran‐235.
Quantenteilchen unter dem Mikroskop
Authors: Kuhr Stefan 
Published: December 2010

AbstractUltrakalte Atome in einem Lichtgitter können sich wie ein Supraleiter oder ein Isolator verhalten. Physikern ist es nun gelungen, diese Vorgänge mit Hilfe eines Mikroskops Atom für Atom, Gitterplatz für Gitterplatz sichtbar zu machen. Dies ist auch für zukünftige Quantencomputer von großer Bedeutung.
Steiler oder flacher? Optimale Wurfwinkel im Sport
Authors: Thaller Sigrid , Mathelitsch Leopold 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIst in einer Sportart, sei es Kugelstoßen oder Weitsprung, eine maximale Weite erwünscht, beträgt der Abwurfwinkel im Idealfall 45°. Anfangshöhe und Anfangsgeschwindigkeit, Luftwiderstand, aerodynamische Effekte und physiologische Eigenschaften des Werfers können den idealen Wurfwinkel jedoch erheblich verändern. Geht es um das Erreichen eines bestimmten Ziels, wie zum Beispiel im Basketball, Fußball oder Dart, dann beeinflusst die Treffgenauigkeit den angestrebten Abwurfwinkel. Beim Jonglieren muss auch noch die Zeitdauer eines Wurfes berücksichtigt werden.
Die Anatomie des Ribosoms. Kristallographie mit Synchrotronlicht
Authors: Schlünzen Frank , Harms Jörg M. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractRibosomen übersetzen die genetische Information der DNA im Schritt der Proteinbiosynthese in die vielfältigen Proteine, die eine Zelle benötigt. Was dabei genau geschieht und wie die molekulare Struktur dieser riesigen Molekülkomplexe im Detail aussieht, war lange ein Rätsel. Einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Strukturaufklärung leistete die kristallographische Untersuchung mit Sychrotronstrahlung am Forschungszentrum DESY in Hamburg. Von der Kristallzucht bis zur Röntgendiffraktion erforderte dies eine ausgefeilte Experimentiertechnik. Die genaue Kenntnis der molekularen Struktur ermöglicht nun auch eine zielgerichtete Entwicklung neuer Antibiotika. Viele dieser Wirkstoffe blockieren die Proteinbiosynthese im Ribosom.
Effects of scale and data source in periglacial distribution modelling in a high arctic environment, western Svalbard
Authors: Hjort Jan , Etzelmüller Bernd , Tolgensbakk Jon 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe effects of scale (modelling resolution) and sources of data were explored in relation to periglacial distribution modelling for an area on western Svalbard in the High Arctic. To assess the effects of scale on predictive performance, the distributions of sorted circles and solifluction lobes were modelled at two resolutions (20 × 20 m and 200 × 200 m) using a boosted regression tree, a novel statistical ensemble method. To analyse the effects of sources of data on periglacial distribution modelling, a generalised linear model and a variation partitioning method were used. The explanatory variables were topographic parameters computed from a digital elevation model, vegetation and soil moisture indices derived from a Landsat TM 5 scene, and field survey‐based information on surficial materials. Firstly, similar levels of success were achieved in predicting the periglacial feature distributions at the local (20 m) and landscape (200 m) scales. Secondly, results indicated the potential for modelling to replace labour‐intensive field observations. The importance of topographic parameters for predicting the distribution of periglacial features in the sparsely vegetated High Arctic environment was also evident. Methodologically, novel statistical techniques and earth observation data provided an efficient combination for analysing periglacial landforms and processes in this remote region. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Higher Tobramycin concentration and vibrating mesh technology can shorten antibiotic treatment time in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Coates Allan L. , Denk Oliver , Leung Kitty , Ribeiro Nancy , Chan Jeffrey , Green Maria , Martin Sean , Charron Martin , Edwardes Michael , Keller Manfred 
Published: December 2010

AbstractPoor adherence to recommended therapy in cystic fibrosis (CF) is often because of the time demands of therapy. Tobramycin (TOBI®, 300 mg at 60 mg/ml) inhaled from the PARI LC PLUS® nebulizer requires about 20 min. This study determined if equivalent levels of pulmonary deposition could be achieved in shorter time using 1.5 ml of 100 mg/ml tobramycin solution delivered by an investigational eFlow® nebulizer. Sixteen males with stable CF, 8 children and 8 adults, and an FEV1 > 45% predicted inhaled both preparations on two occasions with 99mTc‐DTPA added to the tobramycin. Blood samples were taken for quantification of tobramycin in the serum. The PARI LC PLUS® delivered 45.4 (39.3–51.6), mean and 95% CI, mg to the lungs in 17.0 ± 2.5 min (mean ± SD) with serum levels of 1,089 ± 388 µg/L. The investigational eFlow® delivered 46.3(40.3–51.7) mg in 4.0 ± 1.0 min with blood levels of 909 ± 458 µg/L. Only the time of delivery was significantly different with P < 0.0001 (paired t‐test). Tolerability of the treatment was comparable for both inhalation regimes, but the shorter treatment was preferred by all patients. These results demonstrate the possibility of delivering equivalent levels of tobramycin much faster into the lungs of CF patients when using eFlow®, a very efficient electronic nebulizer. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2011; 46:401–408. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Efficacy of metered‐dose inhalers for children with acute asthma exacerbations
Authors: Goh Anne Eng Neo , Tang Jenny Poh Lin , Ling Ho , Hoe Teoh Oon , Chong Ng Kee , Moh Chay Oh , Huak Chan Yiong 
Published: December 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the effectiveness of the administration of inhaled beta‐agonists delivered via a metered‐dose inhaler (MDI) with spacers—as part of an evidence‐based asthma pathway developed to manage acute asthma exacerbations in children at the emergency room level and in inpatient management—against administration via nebulization.DesignCase with historical control.SettingKK Women's and Children's Hospital (Singapore).ParticipantsA total of 19,951 children (infants to older children) aged 18 years and younger who attended the emergency room for asthma exacerbations.Main Outcome MeasuresAverage length of stay, proportion admitted to high dependency or intensive care, proportion readmitted for unresolved symptoms within 72 hr, cost per patient and overall.ResultsThere was no increase in the mean proportion of emergency room attendances admitted to inpatient care with use of an MDI (mean difference 0.97%, 95% CI: −1.6–3.5%, P = 0.447), nor of children admitted to intensive care (0.21 vs. 0.20 pre‐ and post‐pathway, P = 0.827) or to high dependency units (2.21 vs. 1.37 pre‐ and post‐pathway, P = 0.200) but a significant reduction in the within 72 hr re‐attendance rate (mean difference 1.4%, 95% CI: 0.78–2.0%, P < 0.001) with use of an MDI. The average length and cost per patient for an inpatient stay for acute asthma exacerbations was reduced with use of an MDI.ConclusionsThe use of an MDI with spacer as part of an evidence‐based asthma pathway was effective in the management of acute asthma exacerbations in the emergency room setting and for inpatient management. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2011; 46:421–427. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relation between partial and raised volume forced expiratory flows in sick infants
Authors: Bar‐Yishay Ephraim , Springer Chaim , Hevroni Avigdor , Godfrey Simon 
Published: December 2010

AbstractRationaleThe maximal expiratory flow–volume (MEFV) and the partial expiratory flow–volume (PEFV) maneuvers are interchangeably performed when testing infant lung function. In recent years, the MEFV has gained popularity over the PEFV as it offers the investigator various forced expiratory flow and volume variables in addition to the sole, maximal flow at functional residual capacity (${\dot {\rm {V}}}{\max} {\rm FRC}$) available from the PEFV maneuver. Both types of measure are considered to provide information on airway function.ObjectivesTo compare ${\dot {\rm {V}}}{\max} {\rm FRC}$ values by PEFV to flows at low lung volumes by MEFV in infants suffering from a variety of illnesses.MethodsRetrospective analysis of records of 175 infants attending a tertiary out‐patient clinic (age range 2–234 weeks). Comparisons between parameters derived from the PEFV and MEFV curves were made by linear regression and by Bland–Altman plots.Measurements and Main Results${\dot {\rm {V}}}{\max} {\rm FRC}$ highly correlated with forced expiratory flows at 85% of forced vital capacity (FEF85; r = 0.87, P < 0.0001) with a mean bias of 20 ml/sec, and at 75% (FEF75; r = 0.83, P < 0.0001) with a greater mean bias of −72 ml/sec, but less with forced expired volume in 0.5 sec (FEV0.5; r = 0.66, P < 0.0001) showing a much wider scatter especially in infants with more severe obstruction. Same agreement between ${\dot {\rm {V}}}{\max} {\rm FRC}$ and FEF85 or FEF75 was seen when presented as z‐scores (r = 0.77 and 0.76; respectively).ConclusionsRegardless of the maneuver performed, PEFV or MEFV, ${\dot {\rm {V}}}{\max} {\rm FRC}$ and FEF85, and FEF75 show high agreement in sick infants. As they both describe small airways function, both maneuvers may be interchangeable. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2011; 46:458–463. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modifiable lifestyle factors impact airway health in non‐asthmatic prepubescent boys but not girls
Authors: Rosenkranz Sara K. , Swain Katherine E. , Rosenkranz Richard R. , Beckman Bethany , Harms Craig A. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIntroductionThe prevalence of both childhood obesity and childhood asthma has increased dramatically over the past few decades. Little is known concerning the role of body composition and lifestyle influences on airway health in children.PurposeTo determine whether body composition, fruit and vegetable intake (FV) and physical activity (PA) impact airway health in healthy prepubescent children.MethodsPulmonary function tests (forced expiratory flow in 1‐sec, forced vital capacity, forced expiratory flow at 25–75% of vital capacity) and exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) were measured pre‐ and post‐exercise in 40 healthy (20 boys, 20 girls), non‐asthmatic prepubescent children (age 9.7 ± 0.8 years). PA and FV intake were assessed via questionnaire. Each participant completed an incremental cycle‐ergometer exercise test to exhaustion (V02max). Body composition was measured via Dual Energy X‐ray Absorptiometry. Participants were stratified by sex for analyses, and follow‐up analyses were performed using a clinically significant drop in FEV1 of ≥10% to divide participants into groups.ResultsIn the overall group, the change in FEV1 (pre‐ and post‐exercise) was inversely related (r = −0.47, P < 0.05) to % body fat; participants with the highest body fat demonstrated the greatest decrease in FEV1 (i.e., airway narrowing). When participants were divided by sex, this association held true only for boys (r = −0.61, P < 0.01). Percent body fat was the only significant contributor to the overall prediction of ▵FEV1 in boys. Boys engaged in significantly more PA than girls (3.45 ± 2.39; 2.00 ± 1.30 activities/day). Boys also had significantly higher V02max adjusted for lean body mass than girls (48.06 ± 5.09; 42.30 ± 6.06). Body fat percent was not different by sex (P > 0.05). The participants in the ≥10% FEV1 group had a significantly greater body fat (28.1 ± 9.6%) compared to the <10% drop group (18.8 ± 9.8%).ConclusionThese results suggest that PA, FV consumption, and body fat collectively impact airway health in prepubescent boys but not girls. Body fat, however, is the only independent predictor of post‐exercise airway narrowing. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2011; 46:464–472. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Age of Pseudomonas aeruginosa acquisition and subsequent severity of cystic fibrosis lung disease
Authors: Pittman Jessica E. , Calloway Elizabeth H. , Kiser Michelle , Yeatts John , Davis Stephanie D. , Drumm Mitchell L. , Schechter Michael S. , Leigh Margaret W. , Emond Mary , Van Rie Annelies , Knowles Michael R. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractRationalePseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) is associated with poor pulmonary outcomes in cystic fibrosis (CF), but the association between age of Pa infection and severity of subsequent lung disease has not been thoroughly investigated.ObjectiveOur goal was to determine the association between age of Pa acquisition and subsequent severity of CF lung disease.MethodsCase–control study using CF Foundation Registry data of 629 ΔF508 homozygotes with severe and mild lung disease (FEV1 in the lowest and highest quartile of birth cohort, respectively). Multivariate logistic regression was performed to determine the association between age of Pa acquisition and lung disease severity.ResultsEarlier age of Pa infection was strongly associated with increased odds of severe lung disease. For first and persistent Pa, adjusted odds ratios for severe lung disease were 6.5 (95% CI 3.1, 13.7; P < 0.0001) and 11.2 (5.4, 23.1; P < 0.0001), respectively, for subjects with infection before age 5 versus at ≥10 years; the association was stronger in females than males.ConclusionsEarlier Pa infection, particularly before 5 years of age, is strongly associated with severe CF lung disease later in life. This study is not designed to determine causality; Pa infection may be causing lung injury, or may be a marker of ongoing inflammation and lung damage in young children with CF. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2011; 46:497–504. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Low birth weight and respiratory hospitalizations in adolescence
Authors: Walter Eric C. , Koepsell Thomas D. , Chien Jason W. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractObjectiveSome low birth weight survivors are at increased risk of respiratory disease. We studied whether low birth weight was associated with hospitalization for respiratory illness in adolescence and to what degree bronchopulmonary dysplasia, cerebral palsy, and other comorbidities accounted for this association.MethodsWe performed a population‐based retrospective cohort study using Washington State birth certificates from 1987 to 1994 to identify exposed (low birth weight) and unexposed (normal birth weight) subjects. Normal birth weight subjects were randomly selected from birth certificates, frequency matched to low birth weight subjects by birth year. Deaths prior to age 12 were excluded. The primary exposure was low birth weight: subcategorized as moderately‐low‐birth weight (1,500–2,499 g) and very‐low‐birth weight (<1,500 g). The primary outcome was the first respiratory related hospitalization between the ages of 12–20. Respiratory hospitalizations were defined by ICD‐9 discharge diagnosis codes.ResultsAfter adjustment, the hazard ratio for hospitalization was 1.39 for moderately‐low‐birth weight (95% CI 1.17–1.65, P < 0.001) and 2.52 for very‐low‐birth weight (1.80–3.53, P < 0.001). Controlling for bronchopulmonary dysplasia attenuated the risk for very‐low‐birth weight to 1.76 (1.17–2.64; P = 0.006). A similar attenuation was seen after controlling for cerebral palsy [HR 1.49 (1.02–2.18), P = 0.04], suggesting that some of the risk is mediated through these diagnoses. Among moderately‐low‐birth weight survivors, controlling for these diagnoses had less of an effect.ConclusionsLow birth weight was associated with an increased risk of respiratory hospitalizations in adolescence. Comorbidities explained some of this risk. However, low birth weight remained independently associated with an increased risk of hospitalization. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2011; 46:473–482. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Life‐threatening anaphylactic reaction after the administration of airway topical lidocaine
Authors: Soong Wen‐Jue , Lee Yu‐Sheng , Soong Yen‐Hui , Tsao Pei‐Chen , Yang Chia‐Feng , Jeng Mei‐Ji , Peng Yu‐Yun 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA 9‐year‐old boy who developed a life‐threatening anaphylaxis reaction of the airway and subsequent dyspnea and circulation collapse because of instilled the topical lidocaine into the airway within 2 min before performing flexible bronchoscopy (FB). FB revealed swollen airway mucosa and extensive foamy secretion that severely compromised the ventilation lumen. Rapid detection with FB and immediate resuscitation, including prompt administration of epinephrine, volume expander, and positive pressure ventilation with pure oxygen via an endotracheal tube, were successfully save the patient's life. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2011; 46:505–508. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation is no more effective than usual care for the treatment of primary dysphagia in children
Authors: Christiaanse Mary E. , Mabe Betty , Russell Greg , Simeone Tanya Long , Fortunato John , Rubin Bruce 
Published: December 2010

AbstractObjectiveDysphagia can lead to chronic aspiration and pulmonary disease. The objective of this study was to compare change in swallowing function in pediatric patients with dysphagia who received neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) to a control group who received usual oral motor training and dietary manipulations without NMES.Study designRetrospective analysis of change in Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) level derived from videofluoscopic swallowing studies performed before and after NMES (treatment group: N = 46) compared to control group (control group: N = 47). Children were classified into two groups based on the etiology of their dysphagia (primary vs. acquired). NMES took place in a tertiary medical center for an average of 22 treatment sessions over 10 weeks. An independent t‐test was used to test for differences in the change in FOIS level between groups. An analysis of covariance was run within groups to assess the relationship between diagnosis and change in FOIS level.ResultsBoth groups improved in their FOIS level (P < 0.01) but the amount of change was not different (P = 0.11). Only the treatment group who had acquired dysphagia improved more than the similar subgroup of control children (P = 0.007).ConclusionNMES treatment of anterior neck muscles in a heterogeneous group of pediatric patients with dysphagia did not improve the swallow function more than that seen in patients who did not receive NMES treatment. However, there may be subgroups of children that will improve with NMES treatment. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2011; 46:559–565. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.