bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic changes of CB1‐receptor expression in hippocampi of epileptic mice and humans
Authors: Maglóczky Zsófia , Tóth Kinga , Karlócai Rita , Nagy Sára , Erőss Loránd , Czirják Sándor , Vajda János , Rásonyi György , Kelemen Anna , Juhos Vera , Halász Péter , Mackie Ken , Freund Tamás F. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThe endocannabinoid system plays a central role in retrograde synaptic communication, and controls both glutamatergic and γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic transmission via type 1 cannabinoid (CB1) receptor. Both in sclerotic human hippocampi and in the chronic phase of pilocarpine‐induced epilepsy in mice with sclerosis, CB1‐receptor–positive interneuron somata were preserved both in the dentate gyrus and in the CA1 area, and the density of CB1‐immunostained fibers increased considerably in the dentate molecular layer. This suggests that, although CB1 receptors are known to be reduced in density on glutamatergic axons, the CB1‐receptor–expressing GABAergic axons sprout, or there is an increase of CB1‐receptor levels on these fibers. The changes of CB1 immunostaining in association with the GABAergic inhibitory system appear to correlate with the severity of pyramidal cell loss in the CA1 subfield. These results confirm the involvement of the endocannabinoid system associated with GABAergic transmission in human temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), as well as in the chronic phase of the pilocarpine model in mice. Pharmacotherapy aimed at the modulation of endocannabinoid‐mediated retrograde synaptic signaling should take into account the opposite change in CB1‐receptor expression observed on glutamatergic versus GABAergic axon terminals.
New therapeutic approaches for epilepsies, focusing on reorganization of the GABAA receptor subunits by neurosteroids
Authors: Murashima Yoshiya L. , Yoshii Mitsunobu 
Published: July 2010

SummaryNeurosteroids such as allopregnanolone (THP) act as positive allosteric modulators of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptors and have exerted anticonvulsant properties. However, their role in the regulation of epileptogenesis is unclear. It has been shown that circulating levels of THP fluctuate during development and seizure episodes. Furthermore, both chronic administration of THP and its withdrawal transiently increase expression of the alpha4 subunit of the GABAA receptor in the brain. The steroidogenic enzymes, 5‐alpha‐reductase (5aR) and 3‐alpha‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3aHSD) have been identified as well, indicating that various cell types are involved in the biosynthesis of neuroactive steroids in the brain. The purpose of the present study is to examine how GABAA receptor–modulating neurosteroids contribute to the epileptogenesis by using the epileptic mutant EL mouse.Male EL mice and control animals, DDY mice, were used. EL mice show secondary generalized seizures, which initiate primarily at the parietal cortex and generalize through the hippocampus. In the interictal period during development, changes of THP, 5aR, 3aSDH, and GABAA receptor alpha4, gamma2, and delta subunits were investigated by western blotting in the hippocampus.In EL mice, levels of the neurosteroid THP and the steroidogenic enzymes 5aR and 3aSDH significantly increased at 3 weeks of age, and rapidly decreased thereafter (5–10 weeks). The sharp withdrawal was observed before mice experienced frequent seizures. In contrast, GABAA alpha4, gamma2, and delta expressions were upregulated (3–8 weeks).In the brain of EL mice, positive neurosteroids such as THP were withdrawn before mice experienced repetitive seizures, which may likely be a trigger for ictogenesis and epileptogenesis. Furthermore, reorganization of the GABAA receptor subunits may lead to a hypersensitivity of the receptor to neurosteroids. Therefore, GABAA receptor–regulating neurosteroids may be a promising target for the development of novel antiepileptic agents.
Females, their estrogens, and seizures
Authors: Velíšková Jana , De Jesus Glendis , Kaur Ramanjot , Velíšek Libor 
Published: July 2010

SummaryEstrogens are essential for normal brain functions. The effects of estrogens on seizures are contradictory. More studies are necessary to determine under which conditions the estrogens have proconvulsant effects and when the estrogens may have beneficial action in patients with epilepsy.
Magnetoencephalographic correlates of different types of aura in temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Fukao Kenjiro , Inoue Yushi , Yagi Kazuichi 
Published: July 2010

SummaryPurpose:  To estimate magnetoencephalography (MEG) correlates of different types of aura in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).Methods:  MEG study was performed on 57 patients (26 male and 31 female) with TLE, whose ages ranged from 14–46 years (mean 27 years). Interictal magnetoencephalograms showing discharges were analyzed, and spike‐dipole clusters were categorized into left and right inferotemporal‐horizontal (IH) and superotemporal‐vertical (SV) types. Auras were classified into autonomic, auditory, and psychic seizures. The correlation between the four types of interictal spike‐dipole and three types of aura was analyzed using Fisher’s exact probability test.Results:  IH type correlated with autonomic seizures (p = 0.0004), whereas SV type correlated with both auditory (p = 0.0002) and psychic seizures (p = 0.042). When subdivided into left and right, left IH type correlated with autonomic seizures (p = 0.046), but right IH type did not. Right SV type correlated with both auditory (p = 0.014) and psychic seizures (p = 0.002), but left SV did not correlate with either. Both types did not correlate with “no aura.”Conclusions:  Using our proposed classification of spike‐dipoles, MEG distinguishes auras of mesial temporal origin from those of lateral temporal region. Furthermore, by adopting our classification, laterality of spike‐dipoles is clearly demonstrated in auditory and psychic seizures.
Validity and Reliability of the Arabic Adapted Version of the DN4 Questionnaire (Douleur Neuropathique 4 Questions) for Differential Diagnosis of Pain Syndromes with a Neuropathic or Somatic Component
Authors: Harifi Ghita , Ouilki Imane , El Bouchti Imane , Ait Ouazar Mariam , Belkhou Ahlam , Younsi Rachid , Amine Mohamed , Tazi Imane , Abouqal Redouane , Niamane Redouane , El Hassani Selma 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground:  Verbal descriptors of pain can provide a basis for distinguishing neuropathic pain (NP) from pain of non‐neuropathic origin. Much research has been undertaken to develop screening tools for this purpose. The DN4 questionnaire (NP in four questions), is one of theses tools, which was developed and validated in French in 2005. The purpose of this work is to provide an Arabic, culturally appropriate, reliable, and valid version of the DN4 interview questionnaire for the diagnosis of NP.Methods:  A study was conducted consisting of two phases. In the first phase, translation and cultural adaptation of the questionnaire into dialectal Arabic according to international guidelines was accomplished. The final version was reviewed by an expert panel, then tested on a group of 30 patients. The second phase was the validation of the translated version. The analysis of psychometric properties included reliability (internal consistency, inter‐rater agreement) and validity (receiver operating characteristics curve analysis and determination of sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values).Results:  A sample of 170 subjects (129 women, 75%; age: 49.5 ± 12.4 years), 94 (55.3%) with NP and 76 with non‐neuropathic pain was enrolled. The questionnaire was reliable (Cronbach's alpha coefficient: 0.63, inter‐rater agreement coefficient: 0.96 [0.94–0.97]) and valid for a cut‐off value ≥ 3 points, which was the best value to discriminate between NP and NNP subjects.Discussion:  This study represents the second validation DN4 in a language different from the original after the Spanish adaptation. These results support the high discriminatory value of the DN4 questionnaire for identification of NP.
RHCE*ceCF encodes partial c and partial e but not CELO, an antigen antithetical to Crawford
Authors: Hipsky Christine Halter , Lomas‐Francis Christine , Fuchisawa Akiko , Reid Marion E. , Moulds Marilyn , Christensen JoAnn , Nickle Pam , Vege Sunitha , Westhoff Connie 
Published: July 2010

BACKGROUND: RH43 (Crawford) is encoded by RHCE*ce with nucleotide changes 48G>C, 697C>G, and 733C>G (RHCE*ceCF). We investigated the Rh antigen expression and antibody specificities in four patients with this allele.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Hemagglutination tests, DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐restriction fragment length polymorphism, allele‐specific PCR, reticulocyte RNA isolation, reverse transcription‐PCR cDNA analyses, cloning, and sequencing were performed by standard procedures.RESULTS: Red blood cells (RBCs) from two patients typed D+C−E−c+e+/−, hrS−/+W, hrB− and their serum was reactive (3+) with all RBC samples of common Rh phenotype tested, but nonreactive with Rhnull or D−– RBCs (apparent alloanti‐Rh17). At the RHCE locus, Patient 1 was homozygous for RHCE*ceCF, and Patient 2 inherited RHCE*ceCF in trans to a silenced RHCE*cE. Cross‐testing of serum and RBCs from these two samples showed mutual compatibility, indicating that both antibodies define the same novel high‐prevalence antigen on Rhce. Two additional patients, one whose serum contained alloanti‐c but the RBCs typed C+c+ and one whose serum contained anti‐e but the RBCs typed E+e+, also had RHCE*ceCF. RHCE*Ce was present in trans in the former and RHCE*cE in the latter patient.CONCLUSION: We report that amino acid changes on RhceCF (Trp16Cys, Gln233Glu, and Leu245Val) alter the protein to the extent that c and e antigens are partial, and a high‐prevalence antigen, we have named CELO (provisional ISBT Number 004058; RH58) is not expressed. CELO is antithetical to RH43 (Crawford).
Patterns of aggregation behaviour in six species of cockroach: comparing two experimental approaches
Authors: Varadínová Zuzana , Stejskal Václav , Frynta Daniel 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCockroaches (Blattaria) are considered universally gregarious insects. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that even related species and/or males and females of the same species may exhibit different aggregation patterns. We compared aggregation behaviour in six cockroach species belonging to three groups: Eublaberus, Blaberus, and Gromphadorhina‐Princisia (all Blaberidae). For comparison, binary choice and free aggregation arena tests were used. The results revealed that blaberid clades clearly differed in their aggregation patterns. Females of Eublaberus species aggregated, whereas only a low aggregation tendency was recorded in conspecific males. Both sexes of Blaberus species aggregated, especially when tested in the arena. The Madagascar hissing cockroaches of the Gromphadorhina‐Princisia clade are not gregarious – the aggregation tendency was entirely absent in males of the two species studied and in females of Princisia vanwaerebeki van Herrewege, and was only weakly demonstrated in females of Gromphadorhina portentosa (Schaum). The observed patterns of aggregation are compared with previous reports concerning social behaviour of blaberid species.
Transformative Women, Problem‐Solving Men? Not Quite: Gender and Mediators' Perceptions of Mediation
Authors: Nelson Noa , Zarankin Adi , Ben‐Ari Rachel 
Published: July 2010

A large field study examined female and male mediators' perceptions of their jobs, looking in particular at their attitudes toward mediation styles lying on the continuum between instrumental and transformative. Based on scholarship on gender and negotiation literature that has portrayed women as more interpersonal and somewhat less task oriented than men, we expected female mediators to be more transformative and less instrumental in their practice than their male peers.Our study was both qualitative and quantitative: we formulated the content of twenty in‐depth interviews into an extensive questionnaire, answered by a representative sample of 189 Israeli mediators. Compared with their male counterparts, we found female mediators to be more transformative, but no less instrumental, in their view of mediation's goals and orientation. They were also somewhat more facilitative in preferred style, while male mediators were somewhat more directive. We also found additional intriguing gender differences, including that women mediators reported higher job satisfaction than did male mediators, but they also displayed a greater readiness to perceive failure in mediation.
Microparticles – messengers of biological information
Authors: Hoyer Friedrich Felix , Nickenig Georg , Werner Nikos 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Introduction
Microparticles
Methodological aspects
Understanding microparticles – from biomarker to messenger
Understanding microparticles – intercellular communication pathways
Conclusions and perspectives
Conflict of interest

Endothelial cell apoptosis is a pivotal step in the development of atherosclerotic disease. Regeneration of the damaged endothelium is an attractive therapy option in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic disease. Apoptosis is associated with the release of microparticles (MP). Besides their role as marker of cell damage, recent reports have underlined their role as signalling elements in cell–cell communication. In this review, we focus on the emerging role of circulating MP as transmitters of biological information in cardiovascular disease.
Use of Cervista HPV HR assay for detection of human papillomavirus in samples with hybrid capture borderline negative results
Authors: Galan‐Sanchez Fatima , Rodriguez‐Iglesias Manuel A. 
Published: July 2010

Galan‐Sanchez F, Rodriguez‐Iglesias MA. Use of Cervista HPV HR assay for detection of human papillomavirus in samples with hybrid capture borderline negative results. APMIS 2010; 118: 681–4.We have evaluated Cervista HPV HR for papillomavirus detection in 65 samples previously borderline negative by the hybrid capture method (Digene), using InnoLipa and sequencing as confirmatory techniques. Nine samples were found to be positive by Cervista HPV HR, of which five (7.6%) were confirmed by InnoLipa. Four samples (6.1%) were false positive, of which three samples were reactive for A9 probes. The Cervista HPV HR assay can detect HPV‐positive samples from those with hybrid capture borderline results but can produce false‐positive results when tested for reactivity with A9 probes.
C‐reactive protein in gingival crevicular fluid may be indicative of systemic inflammation
Authors: Megson Emma , Fitzsimmons Tracy , Dharmapatni Kencana , Mark Bartold P. 
Published: July 2010

Megson E, Fitzsimmons T, Dharmapatni K, Bartold PM. C‐reactive protein in gingival crevicular fluid may be indicative of systemic inflammation. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37: 797–804. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐051X.2010.01603.x. AbstractBackground and Aim: Periodontitis is associated with elevated C‐reactive protein (CRP) in both serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). Although the liver is the primary source of CRP, extra‐hepatic production of CRP has been reported. This study aimed to determine whether CRP in GCF is produced locally in the gingivae.Materials and Methods: Gingivae and GCF were collected from non‐periodontitis and periodontitis sites. Presence of CRP in gingivae was assessed by immunohistochemistry. CRP in GCF was measured using ELISA. Gene expression for CRP in gingivae was determined using real‐time polymerase chain reaction.Results: CRP was found in both the gingivae and GCF. No gingivae had detectable amounts of CRP mRNA. Not all patients with periodontitis had detectable levels of CRP in the GCF. Some non‐periodontitis patients had detectable levels of CRP in the GCF.Conclusion: CRP in the GCF appears to be of systemic origin, and therefore may be indicative of systemic inflammation from either a periodontal infection or inflammatory disease elsewhere. The correlation between levels of CRP in GCF and serum requires validation in future studies.
Primate‐specific regulation of natural killer cells
Authors: Parham Peter , Abi‐Rached Laurent , Matevosyan Lilit , Moesta Achim K. , Norman Paul J. , Older Aguilar Anastazia M. , Guethlein Lisbeth A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNatural killer (NK) cells are circulating lymphocytes that function in innate immunity and placental reproduction. Regulating both development and function of NK cells is an array of variable and conserved receptors that interact with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. Families of lectin‐like and immunoglobulin‐like receptors are determined by genes in the natural killer complex (NKC) and leukocyte receptor complex (LRC), respectively. As a consequence of the strong, varying pressures on the immune and reproductive systems, NK cell receptors and their MHC class I ligands evolve rapidly, are highly diverse and exhibit dramatic species‐specific differences. The variable, polymorphic family of killer cell immunoglobulin‐like receptors (KIR) that regulate human NK cell development and function arose recently, from a single‐copy gene during the evolution of simian primates. Our studies of KIR and MHC class I genes in representative species show how these two unlinked but functionally intertwined genetic complexes have co‐evolved. In humans, combinations of KIR and HLA class I factors are associated with infectious diseases, including HIV/AIDS, autoimmunity, reproductive success and the outcome of therapeutic transplantation. The extraordinary, and unanticipated, divergence of human NK cell receptors and MHC class I ligands from their mouse counterparts can in part explain the difficulties experienced in finding informative mouse models for human diseases. Non‐human primate models have far greater potential, but to realize their promise will first require more complete definition of the genetics and function of KIR and MHC variation in non‐human primate species, at a level comparable to that achieved for the human species.
Generation of a dual RT Env SHIV that is infectious in rhesus macaques
Authors: Smith James M. , Dauner Allison , Li Bin , Srinivasan Priya , Mitchell James , Hendry Michael , Ellenberger Dennis , Butera Sal , Otten Ron A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground  The best current animal model for HIV infection and evaluation of antiviral compounds is the Simian–human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV)/macaque system. There are multiple recombinant SHIVs available, but these viruses have limitations in evaluating combination drug strategies for prevention. Drug combinations that target reverse transcriptase (RT, either nRTI or nnRTI) and envelope (entry or fusion inhibitors) have to be tested separately, which does not permit the assessment of additive, synergistic, or antagonistic effects of ARV combinations. We describe construction of a dual SHIV containing both HIV RT and a CCR5‐specific HIV envelope gene in a simian immunodeficiency virus backbone.Methods  The RT Env SHIV molecular clone was constructed using RT SHIV and SHIV162p3 sequences as templates to generate RT Env SHIV. RT Env SHIV was expanded in vitro in CD8‐depleted macaque peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Recombinant virus was used to infect a rhesus macaque (4.3 × 104 tissue culture infectious dose [TCID50], intravenously [IV]). A second passage in a macaque by IV transfer of 10 ml of blood obtained from the first infection was also done. The in vivo adapted virus stock from these macaques was used to produce high titer stocks in vitro and used to rectally infect an additional macaque.Results  Peak viral load reached 6 × 105 vRNA copies/ml in plasma in both IV‐exposed macaques and remained detectable in the one animal for 16 weeks after infection. A viral stock (1.68 × 104 TCID50) derived from the second macaque passage has been produced in CD8‐depleted rhesus PBMC and was successfully used to demonstrate mucosal transmission. The resulting RT Env SHIV retained the sensitivity to HIV RT and entry inhibitors of its parental viruses.Conclusions  The objective of this study was to develop and characterize a SHIV recombinant virus for evaluating the efficacy of ART and microbicide products that target both HIV RT and/or Env‐mediated entry. RT Env SHIV can productively infect macaques by both the IV and mucosal route, making it a valuable tool for transmission studies.
Effect of TGF-β1 polymorphism on the susceptibility to schizophrenia and treatment response to atypical antipsychotic agent
Authors: Lee Hwa-Young , Kim Yong-Ku 
Published: July 2010

Lee H-Y, Kim Y-K. Effect of TGF-β1 polymorphism on the susceptibility to schizophrenia and treatment response to atypical antipsychotic agent.Objective:Several studies have suggested that cytokine alterations could be related to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) is believed to be an important factor in regulation of inflammatory responses and to have anti-inflammatory effects. TGF-β1 also has trophic effects on dopaminergic neurons. We tested the hypothesis TGF-β1 is associated with the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.Methods:The polymorphisms at codon 10 (T869C) and codon 25 (G915C) of TGF-β1 were analysed in 99 schizophrenia patients and 130 normal controls. At baseline and after 8 weeks of treatment, clinical symptoms were evaluated on Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS).Results:None of the subjects were polymorphic at codon 25. However, the C allele at codon 10 was more frequent in schizophrenia (p = 0.05). Although schizophrenia group showed a higher tendency of allele frequency in the subjects with C allele (p = 0.05), the allelic difference did not reach statistical significance after correction for multiple comparisons (p = 0.1).PANSS scores showed no significant correlation with genotypes. The genotype distribution was not significantly different between responders and non-responders. However, the C allele was more frequent among responders (p = 0.03).Conclusion:These results suggest that the TGF-β1 polymorphism is associated with therapeutic response to antipsychotics. However, further studies with larger numbers of subjects are needed to confirm the effect of TGF-β1 in schizophrenia.
Deprivation, ethnicity and prematurity in infant respiratory failure in PICU in the UK
Authors: O’Donnell DR , Parslow RC , Draper ES 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAim:  To describe the epidemiology of infants admitted to Paediatric Intensive Care (PIC) with acute respiratory failure including bronchiolitis.Methods:  Data from all consecutive admissions from 2004 to 2007 in all 29 designated Paediatric Intensive Care Units (PICUs) in England and Wales were collected. Admission rates, risk‐adjusted mortality, length of stay, ventilation status, preterm birth, deprivation and ethnicity were studied.Results:  A total of 4641 infants under 1 year of age had an unplanned admission to PIC with acute respiratory failure (ARF), an admission rate of 1.80 per 1000 infants per year. There was a reduced rate of admission with bronchiolitis in South Asian children admitted to PICU, which is not explained by case‐mix. Children born preterm had a higher rate of admission and longer stay, but a similar low mortality. Risk‐adjusted mortality was higher in South Asian infants and the highest in those with ARF (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.20–2.57) compared with the rest of the PICU population.Conclusion:  Acute respiratory failure in infants causes most of the seasonal variation in unplanned admission to intensive care. Socioeconomic deprivation and prematurity are additional risk factors for admission. Fewer South Asian infants are admitted to PICU with a diagnosis of bronchiolitis, but risk‐adjusted mortality is higher in South Asian infants overall.