bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immediate reconstruction of the mandible using a vascularized segment of radius
Authors: Soutar David S. , Widdowson W. Peter 
Published: August 2010

AbstractResection of a segment of mandible, particularly when associated with malignant disease, carries a high morbidity and mortality. Traditional methods of autogenous bone grafting have proved unreliable in immediate reconstruction of such mandibular defects because of the variability of the recipient bed. These unfavorable conditions for bone graft survival can be largely overcome using vascularized bone and vascularized soft tissue reconstruction. The radial forearm free flap has proved a versatile and useful method in intraoral reconstruction and can be used together with a segment of radius as a composite flap. The technique of raising a segment of vascularized radius is described and its use in immediate reconstruction of the mandible at the time of resection illustrated in a series of 14 consecutive cases. There was one microvascular failure in this series and one postoperative death. The remaining 12 cases have had a successful outcome and show clinical union in the follow‐up period varying from 11‐36 months. There is evidence indicating that the bone maintains its viability even in the presence of preoperative or early postoperative radiotherapy.
Mangiferin attenuates osteoclastogenesis, bone resorption, and RANKL‐induced activation of NF‐κB and ERK
Authors: Ang Estabelle , Liu Qian , Qi Ming , Liu Hua G. , Yang Xiaohong , Chen Honghui , Zheng Ming H. , Xu Jiake 
Published: August 2010

AbstractOsteolytic bone diseases such as osteoporosis have a common pathological feature in which osteoclastic bone resorption outstrips bone synthesis. Osteoclast formation and activation are regulated by receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL). The induction of RANKL‐signaling pathways occurs following the interaction of RANKL to its cognate receptor, RANK. This specific binding drives the activation of downstream signaling pathways; which ultimately induce the formation and activation of osteoclasts. In this study, we showed that a natural immunomodulator, mangiferin, inhibits osteoclast formation and bone resorption by attenuating RANKL‐induced signaling. Mangiferin diminished the expression of osteoclast marker genes, including cathepsin K, calcitonin receptor, DC‐STAMP, and V‐ATPase d2. Mechanistic studies revealed that mangiferin inhibits RANKL‐induced activation of NF‐κB, concomitant with the inhibition of IκB‐α degradation, and p65 nuclear translocation. In addition, mangiferin also exhibited an inhibitory effect on RANKL‐induced ERK phosphorylation. Collectively, our data demonstrates that mangiferin exhibits anti‐resorptive properties, suggesting the potential application of mangiferin for the treatment and prevention of bone diseases involving excessive osteoclastic bone resorption. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 89–97, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Youth's strategies for staying safe and coping
Authors: Teitelman Anne , McDonald Catherine C. , Wiebe Douglas J. , Thomas Nicole , Guerra Terry , Kassam‐Adams Nancy , Richmond Therese S. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractYouth living in urban environments of pervasive violence are exposed to a variety of violence‐related stressors. This qualitative descriptive study sought to ascertain how community‐dwelling youth perceived exposure to violence and how these youth identified and used available resources. The intent of this community‐based participatory research study was to help inform the design of a youth violence prevention center intervention. Semistructured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 18 youth, aged 10–16 years. Youth reported high levels of exposure to neighborhood violence. A theme of identifying and navigating safe and unsafe places emerged. Other stressors were more proximal and included interpersonal issues and conflicts. Youth used neighborhood and individual resources to cope with stressors. Youth maintained a high level of vigilance and developed clear strategies to safely navigate violent neighborhoods. Implications of the constant vigilance and exquisite sensitivity to stressors of chronic neighborhood violence for youth are discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Public relationship building in grassroots community organizing: relational intervention for individual and systems change
Authors: Christens Brian D. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBuilding relationships among participants has become a strategic lynchpin of many community organizing initiatives. Although the relational work of organizing is often mentioned in studies on community change, it has not been studied as a process or model for community intervention. This article positions the development of a specific type of relationships—public relationships—as a transactional intervention aimed at both individual and systems change. Interpersonal relationship development through semistructured, one‐to‐one conversations is highlighted as a key to effecting change at both the individual and the systems level, through broadening individuals' networks of relationships, developing new understandings of the social world, and strengthening commitments to civic involvement. This model for transactional, relational intervention provides insights into the development of grassroots infrastructure for increasing sense of community and capacity to engage in civic life. Strengths and limitations of relationship building as an approach to community intervention are discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An application of the social support deterioration deterrence model to rescue workers
Authors: Prati Gabriele , Pietrantoni Luca 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis study examined the role of social support in promoting quality of life in the aftermath of critical incidents involvement. Participants were a sample of 586 Italian rescue workers. Structural equation modelling was used to test the social support deterioration deterrence model. Results showed that the impact of critical incident involvement on quality of life indicators, such as compassion satisfaction, burnout, and compassion fatigue, was both direct and indirect through the mediation of social support. Critical incidents involvement was related to less received social support. Received social support predicted perceived social support, which, in turn, predicted quality of life. Results supported the application of the social support deterioration deterrence model to rescue workers. However, it should be noted that the relationship between exposure to critical incidents and received social support was not positive, as in the original model, but negative, meaning that rescue workers felt less supported in times of crisis. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Glutaminolysis and glycolysis regulation by troglitazone in breast cancer cells: Relationship to mitochondrial membrane potential
Authors: Friday Ellen , Oliver Robert , Welbourne Tomas , Turturro Francesco 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe studied the roles of glycolysis and glutaminolysis following an acute reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential (Ψm) induced by the thiazolidinedione troglitazone (TRO) and compared the responses with CCCP‐induced depolarization in breast cancer derived MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 cells as well as in the MCF‐10A normal breast cell line. TRO and CCCP both acutely reduced Ψmbut after 24 h TRO‐treated cells had restored Ψmassociated with both increased glycolysis and glutaminolysis. In contrast, CCCP‐treated cells exhibited only a partial restoration of Ψmassociated with increased glycolysis but decreased glutaminolysis. TRO‐induced glutaminolysis was coupled to increased ammonium (GDH flux) and decreased alanine production (ALT flux) in all three cell lines. Both cancer cell lines exhibited a higher spontaneous GDH/ALT flux than the normal breast cell line associated with a reduced keto‐acid pool. TRO's effect on GDH/ALT fluxes and mitochondrial keto‐acid pool homeostasis was additive with glucose withdrawal suggesting limited intramitochondrial pyruvate availability. The TRO‐induced acceleration in GDH flux supplies substrate for Complex I contributing to the restoration of Ψmas well as Krebs cycle intermediates for biosynthesis. Inhibiting mitochondrial proton ATPase with oligomycin or nullifying the proton gradient with CCCP prevented both the TRO‐induced recovery of Ψmand accelerated GDH flux but restored ALT flux consonant with important roles for proton pumping in regulating GDH flux and Ψmrecovery. Blocking enhanced GDH flux reduced DNA synthesis consistent with glutaminolysis via GDH playing an important biosynthetic role in tumorigenesis. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 511–519, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High fluence low‐power laser irradiation induces apoptosis via inactivation of Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway
Authors: Huang Lei , Wu Shengnan , Xing Da 
Published: August 2010

AbstractHigh fluence low‐power laser irradiation (HF‐LPLI) is a newly discovered stimulus through generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) to trigger cell apoptosis. Activation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) is proved to be involved in intrinsic apoptotic pathways under various stimuli. However, whether the proapoptotic factor GSK3β participates in HF‐LPLI‐induced apoptosis has not been elucidated. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the involvement of GSK3β in apoptosis under HF‐LPLI treatment (120 J/cm2, 633 nm). We found that GSK3β activation could promote HF‐LPLI‐induced apoptosis, which could be prevented by lithium chloride (a selective inhibitor of GSK3β) exposure or by GSK3β‐KD (a dominant‐negative GSK3β) overexpression. We also found that the activation of GSK3β by HF‐LPLI was due to the inactivation of protein kinase B (Akt), a widely reported and important upstream negative regulator of GSK3β, indicating the existence and inactivation of Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway. Moreover, the inactivation of Akt/GSK3β pathway depended on the fluence of HF‐LPLI treatment. Furthermore, vitamin c, a ROS scavenger, completely prevented the inactivation of Akt/GSK3β pathway, indicating ROS generation was crucial for the inactivation. In addition, GSK3β promoted Bax activation by down‐regulating Mcl‐1 upon HF‐LPLI treatment. Taken together, we have identified a new and important proapoptotic signaling pathway that is consisted of Akt/GSK3β inactivation for HF‐LPLI stimulation. Our research will extend the knowledge into the biological mechanisms induced by LPLI. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 588–601, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Correction of mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA somatic and central nervous system pathology by lentiviral‐mediated gene transfer
Authors: McIntyre Chantelle , Byers Sharon , Anson Donald S. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe hallmark of lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) is microscopically demonstrable lysosomal distension. In mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA (MPS IIIA), this occurs as a result of an inherited deficiency of the lysosomal hydrolase sulphamidase. Consequently, heparan sulphate, a highly sulphated glycosaminoglycan, accumulates primarily within the cells of the reticulo‐endothelial and monocyte‐macrophage systems and, most importantly, neurones. Children affected by MPS IIIA experience a severe, progressive neuropathology that ultimately leads to death at around 15 years of age.MethodsMPS IIIA pathology was addressed in a mouse model using two separate methods of therapeutic gene delivery. A lentiviral vector expressing murine sulphamidase was delivered to 6‐week‐old MPS IIIA affected mice either by intravenous injection, or by intraventricular infusion. Therapeutic outcomes were assessed 7 months after gene transfer.ResultsAfter intravenous gene delivery, liver sulphamidase was restored to approximately 30% of wild‐type levels. The resultant widespread delivery of enzyme secreted from transduced cells to somatic tissues via the peripheral circulation corrected most somatic pathology. However, unlike an earlier study, central nervous system (CNS) pathology remained unchanged. Conversely, intraventricular gene delivery resulted in widespread sulphamidase gene delivery in (and reduced lysosomal storage throughout) the brain. Improvements in behaviour were observed in these mice, and interestingly, pathological urinary retention was prevented.ConclusionsThe CNS remains the last major barrier to effective therapy for children affected by LSDs. The blood–brain barrier (BBB) limits the uptake of lysosomal enzymes from the peripheral circulation into the CNS, making direct gene delivery to the brain a reasonable, albeit more challenging, therapeutic option. Future work will further assess the relative advantages of directly targeting the brain with somatic gene delivery with sulphamidase modified to increase the efficiency of transport across the BBB. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vascular space occupancy (VASO) cerebral blood volume‐weighted MRI identifies hemodynamic impairment in patients with carotid artery disease
Authors: Donahue Manus J. , Jan van Laar Peter , van Zijl Peter C.M. , Stevens Robert D. , Hendrikse Jeroen 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPurposeTo assess the role of vascular space occupancy (VASO) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a noninvasive cerebral blood volume (CBV)‐weighted technique, for evaluating CBV reactivity in patients with internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis.Materials and MethodsVASO reactivity, defined as a signal change in response to hypercapnic stimulus (4‐second exhale, 14‐second breath‐hold), was measured in the left and right ICA flow territories in patients (n = 10) with varying degrees of unilateral and bilateral ICA stenosis and in healthy volunteers (n = 10).ResultsPercent VASO reactivity was more negative (P < 0.01) bilaterally in patients (ipsilateral: −3.6 ± 1.5%; contralateral: −3.4 ± 1.2%) compared with age‐matched controls (left: −1.9 ± 0.6%; right: −1.9 ± 0.8%). Owing to the nature of the VASO contrast mechanism, this more negative VASO reactivity was attributed to autoregulatory CBV effects in patients. A postbreath‐hold overshoot, which was absent in healthy volunteers, was observed unilaterally in a subset of patients.ConclusionMore negative VASO reactivity was observed in patients with ICA stenosis and may be a marker of autoregulatory effects. Furthermore, the postbreath‐hold overshoot observed in patients is consistent with compensatory microvascular vasoconstriction and may be a marker of hemodynamic impairment. Based on the results of this feasibility study, VASO should be useful for identifying CBV adjustments in patients with steno‐occlusive disease of the ICA. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:718–724. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Do respiration and cardiac motion induce magnetic field fluctuations in the breast and are there implications for MR thermometry?
Authors: Peters Nicky H.G.M. , Bartels Lambertus W. , Sprinkhuizen Sara M. , Vincken Koen L. , Bakker Chris J.G. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPurposeTo assess the distribution of respiration and cardiac motion‐induced field fluctuations in the breast and to evaluate the implications of such fluctuations for proton resonance frequency shift (PRFS) MR thermometry in the breast.Materials and MethodsGradient echo MR field maps were made to study the effect of regular respiration, maximum capacity respiration, and cardiac motion on the stability of the local magnetic field in four healthy female volunteers. Field fluctuations (in parts‐per‐million [ppm]) were averaged over a region of interest covering both breasts.ResultsThe average field fluctuation due to regular respiration was 0.13 ppm, due to maximum capacity respiration 0.16 ppm and <0.03 ppm due to cardiac motion. These fluctuations can be misinterpreted as temperature changes of 13, 16, and 3°C when PRFS‐based MR thermometry is used during thermal treatment of breast cancer.ConclusionRespiration causes significant field fluctuations in the breast. If MR thermometry were to be safely used in clinical practice, these fluctuations should be taken into account and should probably be corrected for. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:731–735. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantitative analysis of T2‐correction in single‐voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy of hepatic lipid fraction
Authors: Sharma Puneet , Martin Diego R. , Pineda Nashiely , Xu Qin , Vos Miriam , Anania Frank , Hu Xiaoping 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the accuracy and reproducibility of hepatic lipid measurements using 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) with T2 relaxation correction, compared to measurements without correction.Materials and MethodsExperiments were conducted in phantoms of varying lipid and iron‐induced susceptibility to simulate fatty liver with variable T2. Single‐voxel 1H MRS was conducted with multiple TE values, and percent lipid content (lipid%) was determined at each TE to assess accuracy and TE dependency. Concurrently, T2 and equilibrium values of water and lipid were determined separately, and T2 effects on the lipid% were corrected. A similar procedure was conducted in 12 human subjects to determine susceptibility effects on water and lipid MRS signals and lipid%. Multiple measurements were used to test reproducibility.ResultsThe use of T2‐correction was found to be more accurate than uncorrected lipid% in phantom samples (<10% error). Uncorrected lipid% error increased with increasing TE (>20% when TE > 24 msec) and with increasing susceptibility effect. In humans, while measurement repeatability was high for both corrected and uncorrected MRS, uncorrected lipid% was sensitive to acquisition TE, with 83.6% of all measurements significantly different than T2‐corrected measures (P < 0.05).ConclusionSeparate T2‐correction of water and lipid 1H MRS signals provides more accurate and consistent measurements of lipid%, in comparison to uncorrected estimations. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:629–635. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Changes of functional status and volume of triceps brachii measured by magnetic resonance imaging after maximal resistance training
Authors: Popadic Gacesa Jelena Z. , Kozic Dusko B. , Dragnic Natasa R. , Jakovljevic Djordje G. , Brodie David A. , Grujic Nikola G. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the effect of 6‐week self‐perceived maximal resistance training on muscle volume utilizing magnetic resonance imaging and maximal, average, and endurance strength of the elbow extensors and to assess the relationship between muscle strength and volume before and after the training.Materials and MethodsThis was a prospective blinded study. A total of 15 healthy untrained men, aged 22.5 ± 3.7 years (mean ± SD), were engaged in elbow extensor training using isoacceleration dynamometry for 6 weeks with a frequency of five sessions per week (five sets of 10 maximal voluntary contractions, 1‐minute rest period between each set). Prior to and after the training, cross‐sectional magnetic resonance images of the upper arm were obtained and muscle volumes were calculated using the truncated cone formula.ResultsAverage, maximal, and endurance strength of the upper arm extensors increased significantly by 43%, 15%, and 56%, respectively. The volume of triceps brachii increased in both arms (P < 0.05): right from 456.9 ± 113.8 cm3 to 475.8 ± 100.9 cm3 and left from 444.3 ± 121.9 cm3 to 468.4 ± 110.4 cm3, or 5%. Maximal and average strength correlated significantly with muscle volume before and after the training.ConclusionA specific 6‐week resistance training protocol resulted in muscle strength improvement, together with increase in triceps brachii muscle volume, as demonstrated by volumetric imaging. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:671–676. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Agreement between methods of measurement of mean aortic wall thickness by MRI
Authors: Rosero Eric B. , Peshock Ronald M. , Khera Amit , Clagett G. Patrick , Lo Hao , Timaran Carlos 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPurposeTo assess the agreement between three methods of calculation of mean aortic wall thickness (MAWT) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Materials and MethodsHigh‐resolution MRI of the infrarenal abdominal aorta was performed on 70 subjects with a history of coronary artery disease who were part of a multi‐ethnic population‐based sample. MAWT was calculated as the mean distance between the adventitial and luminal aortic boundaries using three different methods: average distance at four standard positions (AWT‐4P), average distance at 100 automated positions (AWT‐100P), and using a mathematical computation derived from the total vessel and luminal areas (AWT‐VA). Bland‐Altman plots and Passing‐Bablok regression analyses were used to assess agreement between methods.ResultsBland‐Altman analyses demonstrated a positive bias of 3.02 ± 7.31% between the AWT‐VA and the AWT‐4P methods, and of 1.76 ± 6.82% between the AWT‐100P and the AWT‐4P methods. Passing‐Bablok regression analyses demonstrated constant bias between the AWT‐4P method and the other two methods. Proportional bias was, however, not evident among the three methods.ConclusionMRI methods of measurement of MAWT using a limited number of positions of the aortic wall systematically underestimate the MAWT value compared with the method that calculates MAWT from the vessel areas. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:576–582. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Accurate segmentation of subcutaneous and intermuscular adipose tissue from MR images of the thigh
Authors: Positano Vincenzo , Christiansen Tore , Santarelli Maria Filomena , Ringgaard Steffen , Landini Luigi , Gastaldelli Amalia 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPurposeTo describe and evaluate a computer‐assisted method for assessing the quantity and distribution of adipose tissue in thigh by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Materials and MethodsTwenty obese subjects were imaged on a Philips Achieva 1.5T scanner by a fast spin‐echo (FSE) sequence. A total of 636 images were acquired and analyzed by custom‐made software. Thigh subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and bone were identified by fuzzy clustering segmentation and an active contour algorithm. Muscle and intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) were assessed by identifying the two peaks of the signal histogram with an expectation maximization algorithm. The whole analysis was performed in an unsupervised manner without the need of any user interaction.ResultsThe coefficient of variation (CV) was evaluated between the unsupervised algorithm and manual analysis performed by an expert operator. The CV was low for all measurements (SAT <2%, muscle <1%, IMAT <5%). Limited manual correction of unsupervised segmentation results (less than 10% of contours modified) allowed us to further reduce the CV (SAT <0.5%, muscle <0.5%, IMAT <2%).ConclusionThe proposed approach allowed effective computer‐assisted analysis of thigh MR images, dramatically reducing the user work compared to manual analysis. It allowed routine assessment of IMAT, a fat‐depot linked with metabolic abnormalities, important in monitoring the effect of nutrition and exercise. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:677–684. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pollen percentages, tree abundances and the Fagerlind effect
Authors: Prentice I. C. , Webb T. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPollen diagrams traditionally are read as if pollen percentages were linearly related to relative tree abundances, although the slopes and intercepts of these relationships are accepted to differ among taxa. Corresponding map patterns of modern pollen and tree percentages support this assumption of linearity, which also underlies the use of linear regression on percentage data for pollen‐tree calibration. Fagerlind, however, showed that the theoretical relationship need not be linear and may be confounded by interdependencies among taxa. Regressions and scatter plots of modern pollen and tree percentages are here compared with results of extended R‐value (ERV) models, which correct for the ‘Fagerlind effect’. Three data sets from Wisconsin and Michigan, USA illustrate that regression coefficients provide a first approximation to their ERV equivalents, but scatter plots derived from the ERV analyses show reduced scatter about linearised relationships.