bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathological changes of anatomical structure and markers of limbal stem cell niche due to inflammation
Authors: CURCIO C , CALIENNO R , LANZINI M , PEDROTTI E , NUBILE M , MASTROPASQUA L 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose It’s known that severe inflammatory processes may cause limbal stem cell (SC) deficiency decreasing the number of SC niches and changing the microanatomy of these structures. Methods The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of different SC markers in normal human limbus and to study how an inflammatory conditions can modulate these antigens. To understand the pathological changes in limbal crypts structure due to severe inflammation, a case of corneal melting and perforation in advanced herpes simplex (HSV) disease, two cases of endophthalmitis and a case of fungal infection were analyzed.Samples were examined by immunohistochemistry or immunofluorescence for p63, vimentin, laminin5, integrin (Int) α6, int β1, int β4, ABCG2, desmoglein 3, connexin43, N‐cadherin and cytokeratin (K) 12 positivity. We evaluated the anatomical structure of limbal crypts in each case and the positivity for SC marker used to identify SC. Results In normal limbus, the investigated SC markers were positive. In the HSV we didn’t observe presence of crypts, whereas in both cases of endophthalmitis crypts were still present but they had an atypical structure: the basal cells in the crypts were “stretched” and endowed by inflammatory cells. In the pathological cases, we observed positivity for K12 while, among SC markers, p63, ABCG2 and connexin43 were still present; the others antigens were variably expressed. Conclusion Different pathologies involving the limbus may result in marked chenges of expression of SC markers within the crypts.
Cultivation of limbal stem cells‐derived corneal epithelium on different biologic materials for clinical transplantation
Authors: PETROVSKI G , ALBERT R , BERéNYI E , MOE MC , JOHNSEN EO , NICOLAISSEN B , MODIS LJR , BERTA A 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To develop simple, reproducible, animal‐materials free method for cultivating limbal stem‐cells and differentiating them into corneal epithelium on different human biologic materials for clinical transplantation. Methods The limbal tissues (2x2mm) were harvested from cadavers not more than 8 hours after death and proliferated in vitro on cell culture tissue plates, human amniotic membranes (HAM) or human lens capsules in medium containing human AB serum. Cell viability was tested using the MTT assay and annexin‐FITC/Propidium Iodide positivity methods. Molecular gene and immunofluorescent marker studies for stemness, proliferation and differentiation were used for the analysis. Results Over a period of one year, 50 limbal tissue explants were cultivated. Emergence of cells at one edge of the explants occurred within 24 hours from culturing and formed monolayer within 14 days. Although the speed of cell growth varied among donors and types of media for growth, inadequate growth at two weeks was never recorded. The viability of the cells at 7 and 14 days of cultivation was higher than 96% except in case of HAM use where viability was below 80%. The growing cells were characterized for their positivity for stemness (P63, ABCG2), proliferation (ki67) and epithelial cell markers CK 3, 8, 12, 14, 18 and 19. Conclusion We demonstrate a simple, animal‐materials free technique for generating corneal epithelium from cadavers or alternatively from autologous donors for viable cell growth on different biologic materials for transplantation. The growth of corneal epithelium on lens capsules proved to be superior compared to the other cultivation techiques.
First genetically characterized mouse model for age‐related cataracts is a mutation in the bA2‐crystallin encoding gene
Authors: PUK O , AHMAD N , WAGNER S , HRABé DE ANGELIS M , GRAW J 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was the morphological and genetic characterization of the novel eye‐size mutant Aca30 in the mouse. Methods The eyes of the mutants were investigated by laser interference biometry and histology. Linkage analysis was performed using single nucleotide polymorphisms and micro‐satellite markers. Results Aca30 is a new dominant eye size mutant, which was recovered in an ENU mutagenesis program at the HMGU. The pathologic phenotype is characterized by a clear, but significantly smaller lens. At the age of 11 weeks, the mean lens axis length is 2.1 mm (± 0.01 mm) for wild type mice and 1.9 mm (± 0.03 mm) for heterozygotes. The smaller size of the clear lens was more pronounced in the homozygous mutants (1.7 mm ± 0.03 mm), which were fully fertile and viable. The mutation was mapped to chromosome 1 between the markers D1Mit251 and D1Mit253. Using a positional candidate approach, the bA2‐crastallin encoding gene Cryba2 was sequenced; a T → C exchange at cDNA position 139 leads to an S47P amino acid exchange. Histologically, the eye of newborn homozygous mutants showed small vacuoles at the anterior pole of the lens. At the age of three weeks, some clefts appeared at the anterior cortical region. Later, at the age of 25 weeks, heterozygous lenses developed a subcapsular cortical cataract, while homozygous lenses were completely opaque. Conclusion Our data demonstrate the first mutation in the Cryba2 gene in any organism so far. CRYBA2 should be considered as a candidate for human age‐related cataracts. Moreover, the slightly smaller size of the lens might be understood as an early biomarker for age‐related cataracts.
Dendritic pruning of retinal ganglion cells in a mouse model of dominant optic atrophy (ADOA)
Authors: VOTRUBA M , WILLIAMS P , MORGAN JE 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose The model of ADOA (B6;C3‐Opa1Q285STOP ), displays visual dysfunction and optic nerve changes after 12 months age. We explore dendritic morphology of ON‐Centre and OFF‐Centre retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in the mutant mouse. Methods Retinas of Opa1+/‐ mice (n=12) and age/sex matched Opa1+/+ (n=5), were flat‐mounted and RGCs labelled by Diolistics (DiI). Animals were assessed at <10 months of age (+/+ n=2, +/‐ n=2), 10‐15 months (+/+ n=1, +/‐ n=3) and 20> months (+/+ n=2, +/‐ n=7)). Retinas were fixed (4%PFA) and imaged (x20). Dendritic morphologies were analysed in image stacks of RGCs (ImageJ) and quantified by Sholl analyses (Matlab). Results Dendritic trees show decreased average dendritic field area at 10‐15 months (‐35.1%; p < 0.05; number of cells=12) and 20> months (‐48.3%; p < 0.0001; n=45). There is a decrease in the average total dendritic length in 10‐15 month mice (‐44.9%; p < 0.05; n=12) and 20> month mice (‐62.9%; p < 0.0001, n=45). Sholl analysis showed a marked difference in the dendritic arborisation of the 10‐15 month and the 20> month group. (SE were all non‐overlapping). There was no change in <10 month mice compared to controls (p > 0.05). There was no marked difference in dendritic density, implying pruning of secondary and tertiary dendrites, rather than primary dendrites. There was no statistical difference in average dendritic field area and average total dendritic length between Opa1+/‐ and Opa1+/+ in OFF‐centre cells in mice (at<10 months and 20> months). Conclusion The presence of dendritic pruning in the ON‐Centre RGCs of the OPA1+/‐ mouse model of ADOA offers a putative mechanism for the visual dysfunction observed. The changes precede onset of clinical visual loss, structural c
Ophthalmological findings in patients with mitochondrial diseases divided into infantile or juvenile onset
Authors: SEYEDI HONARVAR AK , DARIN N , TULINIUS M , ANDERSSON GRöNLUND M 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to describe ophthalmological findings in a large cohort of individuals diagnosed with mitochondrial disorders divided into typically infantile or juvenile onset of the disease. Methods A retrospective study was performed on 117 patients diagnosed with a mitochondrial disease during 1984 to 2003 at the Queen Silvia Children’s Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden. 113 patients (56 females) with a mean age of 8.6 years (0.1‐35.0 yrs) had undergone an ophthalmological examination including visual acuity (VA), eye motility, refraction, slit‐lamp examination, and ophthalmoscopy. Full‐field electroretinogram (ERG) and pachymetry were performed in 40 and 22 individuals, respectively. Results 87/113 (77%) of the patients showed one or more ophthalmological findings; 40/56 (71%) in the infantile group and 47/57 (82%) in the juvenile group. Ptosis (n=15/56 vs 4/52; p=0.01) and reduced eye motility (n=21/54 vs 7/47; p=0.008) were more commonly seen in patients with a juvenile onset of the disorder, and nystagmus (n=15/52 vs 5/55; p=0.01) was more frequently found in the infantile group. No significant different was found between the two group regarding strabismus, subnormal VA, refractive errors, optic atrophy, pigmentation of the fundus, or ERG‐verified retinal dystrophy. 9/22 (41%) had increased central corneal thickness (>600), equally divided among different subgroup of patients. Conclusion The results show that a vast majority of patients with mitochondrial diseases have ophthalmological abnormalities. We recommend an early contact with an ophthalmologist for an initial examination and follow‐up in all patients who have been diagnosed with a mitochondrial disorder.
Intravenous hypertonic saline reduces intraocular pressure
Authors: HARJU M , LINDBOHM N , KOIVUSALO R , PALOHEIMO M 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To study the effect of intravenous hypertonic saline (HTS) solution on intraocular pressure (IOP). Methods Nineteen patients (mean age ±SD, 66 ± 11 years) with glaucoma and IOP ≥30 mmHg were recruited. HTS solution with sodium chloride concentration of 7,5% (Natriumklorid Braun 234 mg/ml, B.Braun Medical Oy, ) was given intravenously in an antecubital vein. IOP was measured every minute for 10 minutes and less frequently for up to 2 hours after treatment. The dosage given was 0,5 mmol/kg in 11 patients (Group05) and 1,0 mmol/kg in eight patients (Group1). Results The maximum mean (±SD) IOP reduction was achieved 5 minutes after treatment at which point mean IOP had reduced from 40 ± 11 mmHg before treatment to 33 ± 12 mmHg (P < 0.001). The mean percentage IOP reduction was 20 ± 10 % (range 8% – 40%) and the absolute IOP reductions ranged 4 to 16 mmHg. Two hours after treatment, mean IOP was still reduced to 33 ± 13 mmHg (P< 0.001). There was no difference between Group05 and Group1 in the amount of IOP reduction, but there was a trend that the IOP reduction sustained longer in Group1. Four patients reported mild to severe pain in the arm after injection. Especially patients in Group1 had a feeling of warmth in the head and neck region. These symptoms lasted for 1‐2 minutes. Conclusion Intravenous HTS solution reduces IOP within minutes after injection.
The influence of central corneal thickness and corneal biomechanics in glaucoma
Authors: LAM FC , LI YIM J , MONTGOMERY D 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To look at the impact that central corneal thickness and corneal biomechanics can have on intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements and their effect on visual fields. Methods Written and informed consent from patients and guidance from the local research ethics committee was obtained. Ocular diagnoses and ocular medications were recorded. IOPs were recorded using Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT)followed by dynamic contour tonometry with the Pascal tonometer. Central corneal thickness(CCT) was measured using ultrasound. Visual fields were recorded using Humphries perimetry. Bland‐Altman plots were used to compare the 2 methods. Results 92 eyes of 46 patients were included. Median CCT 556µm(range:427µm‐634µm). Despite a good correlation of the IOP measurements usin the two different techniques(r=0.7; p< 0.01), there was a significant difference in limits of agreement(LOA) of DCT to GAT on the Bland‐Altman analysis. The LOA was 8.6mmHg to ‐4.8mmHg with a mean bias of 1.9mmHg. This persisted even after correction for CCT. Ocular hypertensives had a wider LOA than glaucoma patients. Conclusion DCT IOP measurements can be significantly different from GAT IOPs even after taking into account central corneal thickness. Compared to CCT, corneal hysteresis appears to have a greater impact on IOP measurements. This could have important prognostic implications.
The range of waveform score of Ocular Response AnalyzerTM (ORA) in healthy subjects: interim analysis
Authors: VANTOMME M , MOUSTAKA L , POURJAVAN S 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To assess the range of waveform score in IOP measurements with ocular response analyzer (ORA, Reichert) in healthy subjects. Methods Prospective study including both eyes of healthy subjects with no ocular pathology or previous refractive surgery. The IOP measurements with ORA from both eyes were performed. The inclusion criteria of the measurements were solely based on good waveforms by an experienced clinician. The waveform score of three measurements were included for statistical analysis. Other parameters including age, central corneal thickness (CCT) and axis length were also analysed to evaluate possible correlations. Spearman correlation coefficient was used to assess the correlation. Results To date, both eyes of 42 healthy subjects are included (Mean age: 46.6 ± 14.3 yrs, Axial length: 23.7 ± 1.1, CCT: 554 ± 34 µm). The mean waveform scores from the first IOP measurement were 4.2±2.3 and for the 2de and 3th respectively 4.2±1.9 and 4.2±2.1 (not significantly different). The mean waveform score of 252 signals (both eyes and 3 measurements) was 4.2±2.1 and ranged from 0.3 to 9.6. Considering the best signal value per patient, the mean of all best signal values was 5.5±2.0 and it ranged from 1.9 to 9.5. The lowest 10% of all the best signal value was<3. Conclusion The waveform score is a new parameter indicating the reliability of each measurement signal. The best signal value indicates the best measurements of each session (Not the mean of the measurements). To date, our results show that the lower 10% percentile is <3. This could suggest that all the measurements with waveform score lower than 3 should be discarded.
Diurnal variation of ocular pulse amplitude in primary open angle glaucoma patients
Authors: PINTO LA , LEITãO P , FERREIRA J , DOMINGUES I , VANDEWALLE E , FERNANDES F 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose (1) to determine the diurnal behaviour of the ocular pulse amplitude (OPA) in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients. (2) To identify any variables modulating OPA. Methods In this prospective study we included 22 POAG patients under topical intraocular pressure (IOP)‐lowering treatment, who underwent contour dynamic tonometry measurements every three hours from 9am to 6pm for IOP and OPA readings. Heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) were simultaneously recorded during the ocular measurements. Only the eye with greater glaucomatous damage was selected per patient. Results Both IOP and OPA did not change during the day (OPA: 3.0±1.3, 3.2±1.4, 2.9±1.5, 3.0±1.3; IOP: 19.3±2.9, 20.0±3.0, 19.1±3.0, 19.8±2.6; multiple comparisons p=0.21, p=0.27 respectively). Systolic, diastolic and did not present significant diurnal variation (p<0.05 all measurements). OPA was significantly correlated at all time‐measurements with arterial pulse pressure, but not by IOP, median ocular pulse pressure(MOPP) nor median arterial pressure (p<0.05). Univariate analysis revealed HR to negatively correlate OPA at the 15h and 18h measurements (r= ‐0,42, p=0.049; r= ‐0,53, p=0.01; respectively). Multiple linear regression analysis identified blood pressure amplitude as an independent factor contributing to OPA (p<0.05 at all measurements). These observations were more pronounced in patients with high blood pressures. Conclusion OPA readings seem to be influenced by blood pressure amplitude in POAG patients. High blood pressure amplitude values may overcome the eye self‐regulation mechanisms, resulting in the OPA becoming dependent on the blood pressure amplitude rather than of the IOP.
Autonomic nervous system and endothelial peripheral dysfunction in normal tension glaucoma patients
Authors: WIERZBOWSKA J , WIERZBOWSKI R , ZBIEć A , WOJTAś K , STANKIEWICZ A , MANIEWSKI R , LIEBERT A , SIERDZIńSKI J 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To define parameters of autonomic nervous system activity and peripheral vascular reactive hyperemia in normal tension glaucoma patients. Methods Ambulatory 24‐hour electrocardiogram and blood pressure (BP) monitoring by using Lifecard CF and SpaceLab 90207‐30 combined with occlusion provocation test were carried out in 54 NTG patients (44 women, mean age 59.7) and 43 matched control subjects (34 women, mean age 57.0). Heart rate variability (HRV) time and frequency domain parameters [low‐frequency (LF), high‐frequency (HR) and LF/HF ratio], and blood pressure variability (BPV) were calculated and analyzed for both study groups. Postocclusive hyperemia response parameters (TM ‐ time to peak flow, TH –half‐time hyperaemia, TR –time to rest flow, BZ‐biological zero and MAX – maximum hyperemic response) were compared for patients with a nocturnal fall in mean BP (MPB) of less than 10% (non‐dippers), of 10‐20% (dippers) and of more than 20% (over‐dippers) Results NTG patients demonstrated higher LF and LF/HF values for 24‐hour period, day‐time and night time than control subjects. There was no difference in BPV between study groups (10.4 ± 1.9 vs. 10.5 ± 2.1, p=0.790). In NTG patients, TH was significantly higher (79.0 ± 80.9 s vs. 51.5 ± 35.3 s, p=0.028) and BZ was significantly lower (2.3 ± 1.0 vs. 3.1 ± 2.0, p=0.009) as compared to the control group. There was statistically significant difference between NTG non‐dippers, dippers and over–dippers in the BZ parameter (2.3 ± 0.9 vs. 2.7 ± 1.3 vs. 1.4 ± 0.4 p=0.024). Conclusion NTG patients exhibit abnormal ANS system activity and a different systemic hyperemia response as compared with healthy subjects.
Glaucoma‐like optic neuropathy in patients with intracranial tumors
Authors: JONAS JB , WANG Y , XU L , WANG J , QU Y 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To examine frequency and associated factors of a glaucoma‐like appearance of the optic nerve head in patients with intrasellar, suprasellar or parasellar tumors. Methods The study included patients who were consectutively treated for intrasellar tumors (n=143), suprasellar tumors (n=321), parasellar tumors (n=36), or retrosellar tumor (n=1), and all of whom had undergone fundus photography and full‐threshold visual field examination. An age‐matched control group was formed from the population‐based Beijing Eye Study. Glaucoma was defined by neuroretinal rim shape plus glaucoma‐like visual field defects. Results Five‐hundred and one patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Disc‐Glaucoma and Field Glaucoma were detected significantly more frequently in the study population (34 (6.8±1.1%) patients and 31 (6.3±1.1%) patients, respectively) than in the population‐based control group of the same ethnicity (1.3% ± 0.5% (0.3%‐2.3%); P<0.001). In multivariate analysis, presence of Disc‐Glaucoma and Field‐Glaucoma was significantly associated with tumor location (suprasellar > parasellar > intrasellar (OR=2.64; P=0.016; and OR=3.01; P=0.027, resp.)) and tumor width (OR=1.08; P=0.002; and OR=1.08; P=0.003, resp.). Conclusion Large perisellar tumors were associated with a glaucoma‐like appearance of the optic nerve head in eyes. It may diagnostically and pathogenetically be of importance and may give insight into the pathogenesis of normal‐pressure glaucoma.
Application of 3D biomechanical eye model for concomitant strabismus diagnostics and treatment
Authors: BUSHUYEVA N , ROMANENKO D 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose Due to inaccuracy of diagnostic tests, prevalence of orthotropy after the first strabismus surgery varies in the range of 40 to 90%, and frequency of repeated surgeries comprises 10–50%. The purpose of the study was to investigate the efficacy of using of 3D biomechanical eye model (TBEM) in diagnostics and treatment of patients with concomitant strabismus (CS). Methods 30 CS patients were examined and underwent standard strabometric tests (Hirschberg test, Krymskiy test, Maddox scale, synoptophore with fusion reserves). Hyperfunction and hypofunction of one muscle or another was measured by coordimetry according to Hess‐Lancaster; modeling of eye positions was performed using SEE‐KID 3D biomechanical model (RISC Software GmbH, Hagenberg, Austria). Standard surgeries were performed on the basis of their pre‐surgical modeling in SEE‐KID TBEM. Exclusion criteria: patients with high and moderate amblyopia were excluded from the study. Follow‐up period comprised 1 – 3 months. Results Virtual pathological models created using SEE‐KID TBEM for all examined patients conformed to their actual strabismologic status. Surgeries conducted on the basis of preliminary TBEM modeling have resulted in achievement of orthotropy in 20 patients (66.7%) and its preservation at last visit in follow‐up period. Residual strabismus angle (5‐8°) was detected in 10 patients, including hypocorrection (9 patients), and hypercorrection (1 patient). Conclusion The use of existing strabometric methods in complex with TBEM is a promising diagnostic algorithm for assessment of the state of concomitant strabismus patients, which requires further studies.
Dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON): diagnosis and associated features
Authors: KLYSIK AB , BIENKIEWICZ M , GUMINSKA M 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To determine the frequency of occurence and severity of dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON), in relation to the degree of inflammatory signs, exophthalmos, asymetrical disease and diplopia, among patients with newly diagnosed inflammatory thyroid related ophthalmopathy (TAO) or suffering from the recurrence of the inflammatory phase of previously inactive/fibrotic stage of the disease. Methods 400 subjects with TAO, 76% women and 24% men aged 29.0 to 88.0 (mean 55.5 +/‐ 9.8) years with Clinical activity scores between 2 and 9 ( mean 4.6 +/‐ 2.3) were included into the study. 30 healthy age and sex matched patients served as control. Diagnosis of DON was based on the presence of at least two features related to the optic nerve involvement, different than reduction of visual acuity. Results Two or more clinical features of DON werefound in 27 patients with inflammatory TAO. 20 of whom displayed asymmetrical involvement ( > 2mm difference in exophthalmos and > 2 in CAS scale). There was slight statistical association between neuropathy and diplopia with neuropathy patients being more likely to suffer from constant double vision. There was no correlation between CAS and DON. Visual acuity was reduced from 2 to 7 Snellen lines in patients with DON and from 2 to 6 lines in TAO and not DON. Conclusion Clinical features of DON occour in 6.75% of patients with inflammatory TAO. There is no correlation between the degree of inflammatory involvement and DON, therefore it must be carefully excluded in all patients even with apparently mild ophthalmopathy. Thera numerous other, than DON,causes of visual loss related to TAO. Majority of patients present with mild and moderate visual loss only, which is reversible on immunomodulatory treatment.