bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the aquatic toxicity of complex organic chemical mixtures: Lessons learned from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and petroleum hydrocarbon case studies
Authors: Landrum Peter F , Chapman Peter M , Neff Jerry , Page David S 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Experimental designs for evaluating complex mixture toxicity in aquatic environments can be highly variable and, if not appropriate, can produce and have produced data that are difficult or impossible to interpret accurately. We build on and synthesize recent critical reviews of mixture toxicity using lessons learned from 4 case studies, ranging from binary to more complex mixtures of primarily polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and petroleum hydrocarbons, to provide guidance for evaluating the aquatic toxicity of complex mixtures of organic chemicals. Two fundamental requirements include establishing a dose-response relationship and determining the causative agent (or agents) of any observed toxicity. Meeting these 2 requirements involves ensuring appropriate exposure conditions and measurement endpoints, considering modifying factors (e.g., test conditions, test organism life stages and feeding behavior, chemical transformations, mixture dilutions, sorbing phases), and correctly interpreting dose-response relationships. Specific recommendations are provided. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2012; 8: 217–230. © 2011 SETAC
Multicenter study identified molecular blood‐born protein signatures for Wilms Tumor
Authors: Schmitt Jana , Heisel Sabrina , Keller Andreas , Leidinger Petra , Ludwig Nicole , Habel Nunja , Furtwängler Rhoikos , Nourkami‐Tutdibi Nasenien , Wegert Jenny , Grundy Paul , Gessler Manfred , Graf Norbert , Lenhof Hans‐Peter , Meese Eckart 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWilms Tumor (WT) is the most common renal childhood tumor. Recently, we reported a cDNA microarray expression pattern that varied between WTs with different risk histology. Since the Societé Internationale d'Oncologie Pédiatrique (SIOP) in Europe initiates treatment without a histological confirmation, it is important to identify blood‐born markers that indicate WT development. In a multicenter study, we established an autoantibody signature by using an array with 1,827 recombinant E. coli clones. This array was screened with sera of patients with WT recruited by SIOP or the Children's Oncology Group (COG). We report an extended number of antigens that are reactive with autoantibodies present in sera from patients with WT. We established an autoantibody signature that separates untreated patients with WT recruited in SIOP from non‐WT controls with a specificity of 0.83 and a sensitivity of 0.82 at standard deviations of 0.02 and 0.04, respectively. Likewise, patients recruited in the COG in the United States were separated from the controls with an accuracy of 0.83 at a standard deviation of 0.02. Proteins that were most significant include zinc finger proteins (e.g., ZFP 346), ribosomal proteins and the protein fascin that has been associated with various types of cancer including renal cell carcinoma. Our study provides first evidence for autoantibody signatures for WTs and suggests that these may be most informative before chemotherapy. We present the first multicenter study of autoantibody signatures in patients with WT. We established an autoantibody signature that separates patients with WT from controls.
The effects of metformin on the survival of colorectal cancer patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Lee Jin Ha , Kim Tae Il , Jeon Soung Min , Hong Sung Pil , Cheon Jae Hee , Kim Won Ho 
Published: September 2011

AbstractMetformin use has been associated with decreased cancer risk and mortality. However, the effects of metformin on clinical outcomes of colorectal cancer (CRC) are not defined. This study aimed to evaluate the association between metformin use and mortality of CRC in diabetic patients. We identified 595 patients who were diagnosed both CRC and diabetes mellitus. Patients were compared by two groups; 258 diabetic patients taking metformin and 337 diabetic patients not taking metformin. Patient's demographics, clinical characteristics, overall mortality and CRC‐specific mortality were analyzed. After a median follow‐up of 41 months, there were 71 total deaths (27.5%) and 55 CRC‐specific deaths (21.3%) among 258 patients who used metformin, compared with 136 total deaths (40.4%) and 104 CRC‐specific deaths (30.9%) among 337 patients who did not use metformin. Metformin use was associated with decreased overall mortality (p = 0.018) and CRC‐specific mortality (p = 0.042) by univariate analysis. After adjustment for clinically relevant factors, metformin use showed lower risk of overall mortality (HR, 0.66; 95% CI 0.476–0.923; p = 0.015) and CRC‐specific mortality (HR, 0.66; 95% CI 0.45–0.975; p = 0.037) in CRC patients with diabetes. Metformin use in CRC patients with diabetes is associated with lower risk of CRC‐specific and overall mortality.
High myc activity is an independent negative prognostic factor for diffuse large B cell lymphomas
Authors: Schrader Alexandra , Bentink Stefan , Spang Rainer , Lenze Dido , Hummel Michael , Kuo Michael , Arrand John R. , Murray Paul G , Trümper Lorenz , Kube Dieter , Vockerodt Martina 
Published: September 2011

AbstractGene expression profiling has recently enabled the reclassification of aggressive non‐Hodgkin lymphomas (aNHL) into distinct subgroups. In Burkitt lymphoma (BL) aberrant c‐Myc activity results from IG‐MYC translocations. However, MYC aberrations are not limited to BLs and then have a negative prognostic impact. In this study, we investigated to which extent aberrant c‐Myc activity plays a functional role in other aNHL and whether it is independent from MYC translocations. Based on a combined microarray analysis of human germinal center (GC) B cells transfected with c‐Myc and 220 aNHLs cases, we developed a “c‐Myc index.” This index measures the extent to which lymphomas express c‐Myc responsive genes. It comprises genes that are affected in a variety of tumors compared to normal tissue. This supports the view that aberrant c‐Myc expression in GC B cells triggers a tumor‐like expression pattern. As expected, the “c‐Myc index” is very high in molecular Burkitt lymphoma (mBL), but more importantly also high within other aNHL. It constitutes a negative prognostic marker independent of established risk factors and of the presence of a MYC translocation. Our data provide new insights into the role of c‐Myc activity in different lymphomas and raises the question of treatment changes for those patients under risk.
2‐Hydroxyglutarate concentration in serum from patients with gliomas does not correlate with IDH1/2 mutation status or tumor size
Authors: Capper David , Simon Matthias , Langhans Claus‐Dieter , Okun Jürgen G. , Tonn Jörg C. , Weller Michael , Deimling Andreas von , Hartmann Christian ,   for the German Glioma Network
Published: September 2011

AbstractIDH1/2 mutations occur at high frequency in diffusely infiltrating gliomas of the WHO grades II and III and were identified as a strong prognostic marker in all WHO grades of gliomas. Mutated IDH1 or IDH2 protein leads to the generation of excessive amounts of the metabolite 2‐hydroxyglutarate (2HG) in tumor cells. Here, we evaluated whether 2HG levels in preoperative serum samples from patients with gliomas correlate with the IDH1/2 mutation status and whether there is an association between 2HG levels and glioma size. In contrast to the strong accumulation of 2HG in the serum of patients with IDH1/2 mutated acute myeloid leukaemia, no accumulation was observed in this series of IDH1/2 mutated gliomas. Furthermore, we found no association between glioma size measured by magnetic resonance imaging and 2HG levels. We conclude that 2HG levels in preoperative sera from patients with diffusely infiltrating gliomas of the WHO grades II and III cannot be used as a marker to differentiate between tumors with versus without IDH1/2 mutation. Furthermore, the observation that there is no correlation between 2HG levels and tumor volume may indicate that 2HG cannot be utilized as marker to monitor tumor growth in gliomas.
Incidence and survival of malignant bone sarcomas in England 1979–2007
Authors: Whelan Jeremy , McTiernan Anne , Cooper Nicola , Wong Yuen K , Francis Matthew , Vernon Sally , Strauss Sandra J. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPrimary malignant bone sarcomas (MBS) are rare and there are few studies examining their incidence and outcome. Here, the incidence and survival of all subtypes of MBS registered in England between 1979 and 2007 were analysed from patient registry data held by the National Cancer Intelligence Network (NCIN). Over 11,002 new cases of MBS were registered, an average of 379 per year. There was no change in incidence demonstrated over the study period (p = 0.08). Although a peak incidence is observed in adolescence, approximately half of MBS are diagnosed in patients over 50 years. An improvement in outcome of MBS was observed between those patients registered from 1979 to 1983 and 1983 to 1987 (p < 0.0001), but there has been no improvement since. In the most recent period studied (patients diagnosed 1998–2002) 5‐year survival was 55% in Ewing sarcoma, 70% in chondrosarcoma, 56% in chordoma and 43% in osteosarcoma. Patients diagnosed with osteosarcoma over the age of 40 years or with a non‐extremity tumour have a significantly inferior outcome; 22% 5‐year survival >40 years compared with 53% <40 years (p < 0.0001) and 16% non‐extremity tumour compared to 48% extremity tumour (p < 0.0001). This population‐based study has allowed us to confidently define the English incidence and survival rates of both the commoner bone tumours such as osteosarcoma, and rarer entities such as chordoma as well as groups with inferior outcome. The lack of significant improvement over recent decades for these diseases is cause for concern and further research.
Human amniotic membrane as a chondrocyte carrier vehicle/substrate: In vitro study
Authors: Krishnamurithy G. , Shilpa P. N. , Ahmad R. E. , Sulaiman Sofiah , Ng C. L. L. , Kamarul T. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractHuman amniotic membrane (HAM) is an established biomaterial used in many clinical applications. However, its use for tissue engineering purposes has not been fully realized. A study was therefore conducted to evaluate the feasibility of using HAM as a chondrocyte substrate/carrier. HAMs were obtained from fresh human placenta and were process to produced air dried HAM (AdHAM) and freeze dried HAM (FdHAM). Rabbit chondrocytes were isolated and expanded in vitro and seeded onto these preparations. Cell proliferation, GAG expression and GAG/cell expression were measured at days 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 21, and 28. These were compared to chondrocytes seeded onto plastic surfaces. Histological analysis and scanning electron microscopy was performed to observe cell attachment. There was significantly higher cell proliferation rates observed between AdHAM (13‐51%, P=0.001) or FdHAM (18‐48%, p = 0.001) to chondrocytes in monolayer. Similarly, GAG and GAG/cell expressed in AdHAM (33‐82%, p = 0.001; 22–60%, p = 0.001) or FdHAM (41–81%, p = 0.001: 28–60%, p = 0.001) were significantly higher than monolayer cultures. However, no significant differences were observed in the proliferation rates (p = 0.576), GAG expression (p = 0.476) and GAG/cell expression (p = 0.135) between AdHAM and FdHAM. The histology and scanning electron microscopy assessments demonstrates good chondrocyte attachments on both HAMs. In conclusion, both AdHAM and FdHAM provide superior chondrocyte proliferation, GAG expression, and attachment than monolayer cultures making it a potential substrate/carrier for cell based cartilage therapy and transplantation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 99A:500–500, 2011.
Cutaneous apocrine adenocarcinoma: Defining epidemiology, outcomes, and optimal therapy for a rare neoplasm
Authors: Hollowell Kerry L. , Agle Steven C. , Zervos Emmanuel E. , Fitzgerald Timothy L. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesApocrine adenocarcinoma is a rare neoplasm. There is a paucity of data on demographics and survival with no clear consensus on management of at risk lymph nodes, therefore, we analyzed a large cohort of patients identified via a national tumor registry.MethodsPatients ages 17–91 from 1973 to 2006 were identified in the SEER registry and excluded breast and non‐cutaneous neoplasms. Data analyzed included basic demographics, survival, surgical therapy, and stage.ResultsA total of 186 patients with apocrine adenocarcinoma were identified. The median age was 67 years, 76% were white and there was an equal distribution of males and females. The most common site was trunk (53%) followed by head and neck (35%). Surgery was performed on most patients (96%), either excision (50%) or wide excision (30%). Lymph node metastases were present in 69% patients undergoing node surgery. Median overall survival was 51.5 months. Positive lymph node status (P = 0.006) and metastatic disease (P < 0.001) were associated with diminished overall survival.ConclusionsCutaneous apocrine adenocarcinoma is a rare neoplasm. Excision is standard treatment. The most important predictor of survival in localized disease is lymph node status; therefore, sentinel lymph node biopsy could be considered in management of this disease. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012;105:415–419. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Axillary reverse mapping using a fluorescence imaging system in breast cancer
Authors: Noguchi Miki , Noguchi Masakuni , Nakano Yasuharu , Ohno Yukako , Kosaka Takeo 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe axillary reverse mapping (ARM) procedure is based on the hypothesis that the lymphatic drainage from the upper arm is different from that of the breast. However, the oncologic safety of the procedure has not yet been determined.MethodsThe ARM nodes were identified using a fluorescence imaging system. Axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) was performed in patients with clinically involved nodes, and the ARM nodes were removed separately during ALND. Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy was performed in patients with clinically uninvolved nodes. If the SLN was positive, ALND was performed with removal of ARM nodes. Otherwise, the identified ARM nodes were preserved unless they were the same as the SLN.ResultsARM nodes were identified in 29 (85%) of 34 patients who underwent ALND, and 11 had tumor involvement. The ARM node was identified in 42 (43%) of 97 patients who underwent SLN biopsy, and it was the same as the SLN in 27 patients. However, in 15 patients with a positive SLN who subsequently underwent ALND, ARM nodes were tumor‐free when they were not the same as the positive SLN.ConclusionsIt may be feasible to spare ARM nodes during ALND in patients with positive SLN. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 105:229–234. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Variation in practices and attitudes of clinicians assessing PTSD‐related disability among veterans
Authors: Jackson James C. , Sinnott Patricia L. , Marx Brian P. , Murdoch Maureen , Sayer Nina A. , Alvarez JoAnn M. , Greevy Robert A. , Schnurr Paula P. , Friedman Matthew J. , Shane Andrea C. , Owen Richard R. , Keane Terence M. , Speroff Theodore 
Published: September 2011

AbstractOne hundred thirty‐eight Veterans Affairs mental health professionals completed a 128‐item Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Practice Inventory that asked about their practices and attitudes related to disability assessment of PTSD. Results indicate strikingly wide variation in the attitudes and practices of clinicians conducting disability assessments for PTSD. In a high percentage of cases, these attitudes and practices conflict with best‐practice guidelines. Specifically, 59% of clinicians reported rarely or never using testing, and only 17% indicated routinely using standardized clinical interviews. Less than 1% of respondents reported using functional assessment scales.
Uniform exponential decay of the free energy for Voronoi finite volume discretized reaction‐diffusion systems
Authors: Glitzky Annegret 
Published: September 2011

AbstractOur focus are energy estimates for discretized reaction‐diffusion systems for a finite number of species. We introduce a discretization scheme (Voronoi finite volume in space and fully implicit in time) which has the special property that it preserves the main features of the continuous systems, namely positivity, dissipativity and flux conservation.For a class of Voronoi finite volume meshes we investigate thermodynamic equilibria and prove for solutions to the evolution system the monotone and exponential decay of the discrete free energy to its equilibrium value with a unified rate of decay for this class of discretizations. The fundamental idea is an estimate of the free energy by the dissipation rate which is proved indirectly by taking into account sequences of Voronoi finite volume meshes. Essential ingredient in that proof is a discrete Sobolev‐Poincaré inequality.
Thin film equations with soluble surfactant and gravity: Modeling and stability of steady states
Authors: Escher Joachim , Hillairet Matthieu , Laurençot Philippe , Walker Christoph 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA thin film on a horizontal solid substrate and coated with a soluble surfactant is considered. The governing degenerate parabolic equations for the film height and the surfactant concentrations on the surface and in the bulk are derived using a lubrication approximation when gravity is taken into account. It is shown that the steady states are asymptotically stable.
Asthma and Rhinitis During Pregnancy
Authors: Namazy Jennifer A. , Schatz Michael 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPregnancy may be complicated by new‐onset or preexisting rhinitis, or asthma. This article reviews the recognition and management of rhinitis and asthma during pregnancy, as well as general principles of medication use during pregnancy. Asthma is one of the most common potentially serious medical problems to complicate pregnancy, and chronic rhinitis is even more common in pregnant women. Both conditions may substantially affect maternal quality of life and directly or indirectly affect the pregnancy. Optimal management of asthma and rhinitis during pregnancy is thus important for both mother and baby. This article reviews the assessment and management of rhinitis and asthma in pregnant women. Mt Sinai J Med 78:661–670, 2011. © 2011 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Food Allergy
Authors: Sicherer Scott H. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract1 Food allergy appears to be increasing in prevalence and is estimated to affect >2% and possibly up to 10% of the population. Food allergies are defined by an immune response triggered by food proteins. Emerging data suggest that carbohydrate moieties on food proteins, specifically mammalian meats, may also elicit allergic responses. Food is the most common trigger of anaphylaxis in the community, which can be fatal. The underlying mechanisms of food allergy usually involve food‐specific immunoglobulin E antibodies, but cell‐mediated disorders account for a variety of chronic or subacute skin and gastrointestinal reactions. Eosinophilic esophagitis is an emerging food‐related chronic disorder. The diagnosis of food allergy is complicated by the observation that detection of food‐specific immunoglobulin E (sensitization) does not necessarily indicate clinical allergy. Diagnosis requires a careful medical history, laboratory studies, and, in many cases, oral food challenges to confirm a diagnosis. Novel diagnostic methods, many of which rely upon evaluating immune responses to specific food proteins or epitopes, may improve diagnosis and prognosis in the future. Current management relies upon allergen avoidance and preparation to promptly treat severe reactions with epinephrine. Studies suggest that some children with milk or egg allergy might tolerate extensively heated forms, for example milk or egg baked into muffins, without symptoms and possibly with some immunotherapeutic benefits. Novel therapeutic strategies are under study, including oral and sublingual immunotherapy, Chinese herbal medicine, anti–immunoglobulin E antibodies, and modified vaccines. Mt Sinai J Med 78:683–696, 2011. © 2011 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Rituximab as potential therapy for paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration in pediatric Hodgkin disease
Authors: Yeo Kee Kiat , Walter Andrew W. , Miller Robin E , Dalmau Josep 
Published: September 2011

AbstractParaneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) is a rare neurological syndrome associated with lung cancer, breast adenocarcinoma, ovarian adenocarcinoma, and Hodgkin disease. It is rarely seen in pediatrics. We report a case of a 10‐year‐old boy with a 2‐year prodrome that led to a diagnosis of PCD in association with stage IV Hodgkin disease. He received radiation and chemotherapy for his Hodgkin disease with resolution of his lymphoma. Based on promising data in adults on the efficacy of rituximab over other immunosuppressive agents in paraneoplastic disorders, he was treated with rituximab with marked improvement of the cerebellar syndrome. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58: 986–987. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enhancement of POM thermooxidation resistance through POSS nanoparticles
Authors: Vilà Ramirez Narciso , Sanchez‐Soto Miguel , Illescas Silvia 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThermooxidative degradation at and beyond processing temperatures has been carried out on polyoxymethylene (POM) enhanced with four different types of POSS, being Glycidyl, GlycidylIsobutyl, Aminopropylisobutyl, and Poly(ethylene glycol). The quantification of such degradation was carried out through FTIR spectrography, color spectrophotometry, and thermogravimetric analysis methods. The results showed that the presence of POSS in the blend improves dramatically the thermal stability of the POM matrix. The best performance was found with Aminopropylisobutyl, whereby the onset of degradation temperature increased by more than 50°C. Said improvement is referred to the conditions where the nanocomposite developed only 2% of carbonyl yield and 8% of yellowing of the 100% deterioration suffered by the standard POM copolymer. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Thiazolothiazole‐containing polythiophenes with low HOMO level and high hole mobility for polymer solar cells
Authors: Shi Qinqin , Fan Haijun , Liu Yao , Chen Jianming , Shuai Zhigang , Hu Wenping , Li Yongfang , Zhan Xiaowei 
Published: September 2011

AbstractTwo regiochemically defined polythiophenes containing thiazolothiazole acceptor unit were synthesized by palladium(0)‐catalyzed Stille coupling reaction. The thermal, electrochemical, optical, charge transport, and photovoltaic properties of these copolymers were examined. Compared to P1 with head‐to‐head coupling of two middle thiophenes, P2 with head‐to‐tail coupling of two middle thiophenes exhibits 40 nm red shift of absorption spectrum in film and 0.3 eV higher HOMO level. Both polymers exhibit field‐effect hole mobility as high as 0.02 cm2 V−1 s−1. Polymer solar cells (PSCs) were fabricated based on the blend of the polymers and methanofullerene[6,6]‐phenyl C71‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM). The PSC based on P1:PC71BM (1:2, w/w) exhibits a power conversion efficiency of 2.7% under AM 1.5, 100 mW cm−2, two times of that based on P2:PC71BM. The higher efficiency is attributed to lower HOMO (−5.6 eV) and smaller phase separation scale in P1:PC71BM blend. Tiny change in thiophene connection of P1 and P2 lead to great difference in HOMO, phase separation scale, and efficiency of their photovoltaic devices. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011