bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cold spells over Greenland during the mid-Pliocene Warm Period
Authors: Sousa Isabela , Hillaire-Marcel Claude , de Vernal Anne , Montero-Serrano Jean-Carlos , Aubry Aurélie 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The fate of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS) under global warming stress is still unascertained. From this viewpoint, GIS conditions during the mid-Pliocene Warm Period (mPWP; 3.264-3.025 Ma), an interval often referred to as a close analogue of a near-future warmer globe, deserve special attention. Neodymium (Nd) and lead (Pb) isotope signatures of marine sediment cored off the southern Greenland margin record intense glacial erosion pulses on southern Greenland Precambrian terranes during this interval, accompanied by a strong reduction of deep contour currents, and following a near obliquity cycle (~ 41 ka) pacing. Despite the high atmospheric CO2 concentration (~ 400 ppmV) of the mPWP, cold spells were thus strong enough to allow for active ice growth over Greenland. The mPWP interval was marked by a reduced amplitude in the axial tilt oscillation of the Earth, thus low overall summer insolation conditions at high latitudes, a feature not anticipated in the near future. Therefore, if offering analogies with the near future of the Earth's climate, the mPWP interval cannot be seen as a genuine analogue specifically for predicting the fate of the GIS.
Assessment of blood-based tumor mutational burden on clinical outcomes in advanced breast and prostate cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Barata Pedro , Barnett Reagan , Jang Albert , Lanka Sree , Fu Pingfu , Bucheit Leslie , Babiker Hani , Bryce Alan , Meyer Haley , Choi Yujin , Moore Casey , Garje Rohan , Gao Xin , Kim Dae , Chang Richard , Gulhati Pat , Ramaker Ryne , Bansal Rani , Zhang Tian , Armstrong Andrew , Bilen Mehmet , Sartor Alton Oliver 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Breast and prostate are in general, less responsive to Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Tumor mutation burden (TMB) has emerged as a predictive biomarker of response to ICIs and new technologies for evaluating TMB, including liquid biopsy, are now available. We aimed to investigate the role of blood TMB in predicting response to ICIs and its association with genomics alterations.
Methods
The clinical cohort included metastatic breast and prostate cancer patients treated with an ICI following a bTMB ≥10 mut/Mb. Clinical, genomic, and outcomes data were collected. The Guardant Health genomic database (GHGD) was then queried for patients with breast (N = 7899) or prostate (N = 6093) cancers who had a bTMB of ≥10 and 16 mut/Mb, identified by ctDNA NGS (N = 13,992) for associations of bTMB with genomic alterations.
Results
In the clinical cohort (N = 48), ICI treatment was offered after a median of 3 (1–9) lines of treatment. The median bTMB was 16.4 (10–186) mut/Mb. The median PFS was 3.1 months (95%CI, 1.6–4.6), no difference by MSI/MMR status (p = 0.152). The best response rate (n = 36) was 16.7%; only N = 1/6 in bTMB < 16 mut/Mb. High bMSI was associated with higher bTMB (correlation test, r = 0.66, p < 0.001) in all except one. In the GHGD, patients with bTMB high had significantly more alterations than bTMB low and TP53, PIK3CA, ATM, ESR1, NF1, BRCA2, ARID1A, and APC were the most frequently altered genes.
Conclusions
Blood TMB was associated with bMSI status but did not independently predict ICI benefits in patients with advanced breast and prostate cancer and refractory to standard systemic therapies. Higher bTMB was associated with higher number of genomic alterations with potential treatment implications.
Epidemiological Study of Pediatric Neuromuscular Disorders in South West France Regions
Authors: Biotteau Maelle , Messiaen Claude , Wallach Elisabeth , Rivier François , Walther-Louvier Ulrike , Thevenet Lea , Espil Caroline , Baudou Eloise , Jannot Anne-Sophie , Cances Claude 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Aim: Very limited epidemiological data on neuromuscular disorders pediatric population exist around the world. In France, such pediatric epidemiological study is seriously lacking. We investigated the pediatric prevalence (under 18) and we described the epidemiological profile of neuromuscular disorders on Southwest regions of France, from May 1, 2001 to June 1, 2022. We screened medical and genetic hospital records in three expert centers (Toulouse, Montpellier and Bordeaux) for neuromuscular disorders.
Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study with data extracted from the French National Rare Disease Databank that gathers a minimal dataset on all patients followed-up in French rare disease expert center in France. We then estimated: (1) Prevalence by diagnosis and age group or by year with Poisson confidence interval (2) survival from birth analyses using Kaplan-Meier for muscular disorders sub-cohort analysis.
Results: Over the period, 1,621 children were included with 62% of males. We estimate the regional prevalence at 37.9 (IC95% = 35.3 - 40.7) for 100,000 inhabitants under 18 years old. For muscular disorders sub-cohort analysis, we estimate regional prevalence for Duchene, Becker, Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1 and Spinal muscular atrophy at 5 (IC95% = 4.1 - 6.1), 1.3 (IC95% = 0.9 - 1.9), 6.2 (IC95 = 5.1 - 7.3) and 3.2 (IC95% = 2.5 - 4.1) respectively.
Conclusion: Our findings seem in accordance with previous but scarce other data. Together, all may reflect a consensus among different countries supporting a global neuromuscular disorders’ pediatric prevalence about 38/100000 may, about 5 for Duchene, 1.5 for Becker, 6.2 for Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1, 3.2 for Spinal muscular atrophy. This is the first time that it’s possible to estimate with robustness French pediatric epidemiological prevalence of neuromuscular disorders, that constitute a strength starting point to be confirmed by the extend of analyze to all French expert centers.
Radiographic Estimation of Pterygoid Pillar for Implant Placement in Indian Population- a CBCT Based Analysis.
Authors: James Johnson Raja , Abdullah Rasheed Abdulsalam , V Arun K , Raja Jacob , S Hariprasat A , Dandekar Sayali 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Aim: The study was designed to improve the knowledge of the morphological characteristics of the pterygoid pillar by anatomical three-dimensional analysis to improve pterygoid implants surgical planningMaterial and method: A cross-sectional study conducted at Rajas Dental College and hospital. 40 participants (Group 1: age 20–40 years and Group 2: age 40–60 years) who had undergone Cone beam computed tomography analysis were included in the study. Radiographic measurements for the pterygomaxillary width, height, density and angulation were tabulated and statistical analysis was performed for the two groups. IBM SPSS software version 26.0 was used to for analysis. Independent t test was performed for comparison between the groups.Results: The mean age of participants in group 1 was 31.05 ± 4.51 and group 2 was 48.50 ± 5.61. No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups for both the right and left sides for the pterygoid joint width. Similarly, no significant difference was seen between group 1 and 2 for the measured height (in mm) of the joint for the female patients and on right side for the male patients. However, on the left side the difference in the joint height was found to be significant (p = 0.012).The mean densities of the pterygoid region for male and female participants were comparable for both the groups. The angulation was comparable for both the groups except for the right side of male patients which showed statistically significant difference.Conclusion: Significant variations can be encountered in the morphological characteristics. Knowledge regarding the variation in width, height, density of this region and angulation of implant placement is extremely important especially for the inexperienced hands. Radiographic assessment and pre-surgical planning should be performed to study these characteristic for achieving predictable outcomes.
Neuron-type specific aging-rate reveals age decelerating interventions preventing neurodegeneration
Authors: Schumacher Björn , Gallrein Christian , Meyer David 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Different types of neurons show distinct susceptibility to age-dependent functional decline and degeneration and are linked to different types of neurodegenerative disorders. The underlying reasons for different aging trajectories of distinct neuron types are poorly understood. Here, we employ aging clocks to assess whether distinct neurons differ in their biological age trajectory in C. elegans where the identity of each single neuron is known. We find that specifically ciliated sensory neurons with high neuropeptide expression show the most rapidly progressing biological age. The more rapidly aging neurons show a reduction of mitochondrial respiration and elevated protein translation gene expression. Reducing protein translation with cycloheximide effectively protected fast aging neurons. We show that the C. elegans neuronal aging pattern are highly correlated with human brain aging and contrasted by geroprotective interventions. We performed an in silico drug screen and identified known and novel neuroprotective small molecule compounds. We show that the natural occurring plant metabolite syringic acid and the piperazine derivative vanoxerine delay neuronal degeneration and propose that they could serve as neuroprotective interventions. We also identify neurotoxins that accelerate neurodegeneration indicating that this approach could reveal interventions as well as risk factors for neuronal aging.
Seasonality in the severity of atopic dermatitis and birth season
Authors: Zhang Yu-ting , Li Hong-min , Tan Cheng , Xie Bo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Some patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) get worse in the summer and others in the winter. Birth season was suggested to be associated with the prevalence of AD in previous studies. This study aimed to explore the relationship between birth season and alterations in the severity of AD.
Methods
This is a pilot prospective study of 50 patients from the outpatient unit of the department of dermatology at the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine in China with one year follow-up. The scoring atopic dermatitis (SCORAD) was employed to evaluate the severity of AD. The SCORAD score and itch score were recorded at each visit. Seasonal fluctuations in AD severity were analyzed classified by birth season, as well as other potential risk factors.
Results
Summer was the most severe season for AD patients with summer births (with a SCORAD of 63.54 ± 9.13), compared to spring, autumn, or winter (SCORAD was 51.30 ± 17.19, 43.72 ± 13.44 and 47.04 ± 16.44, respectively) (P < 0.01). Among individuals with summer birth, the itching score was highest in the summer (P = 0.01), too. Besides, in newly onset AD, the severity of SCORAD worsened in the spring (P = 0.04).
Conclusions
Patients with summer birth experienced the most severe AD in summer. Interventions on exacerbations at the earliest time of onset should be implemented in this population.
Using wire electrical discharge machining to investigate process indicators of Polysilicon removal mechanism
Authors: Hongfei Gao , Gong Yadong , Zhu Rongdi , Jin Liya 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

This paper examines the effect of processing parameters of wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) on the processing indicators of polysilicon. The WEDM, based on COMSOL Multiphysics software, established a thermal-fluid-solid coupling model of polysilicon single pulse discharge. The simulation results show that thermal stress spalling is polysilicon’s primary material removal mechanism during EDM. And through the EDM experiment to verify the accuracy of the simulation model. Based on single-factor experiments, this paper examined the influences of processing parameters on polysilicon processing indicators. The experimental results indicated that open voltage, pulse width, feed velocity, surface roughness (Sa), and material removal rate (MRR) showed a generally increasing trend. In contrast, the influence of pulse interval ratio and feed velocity on the Sa and MRR evinced a nonlinear relationship. These findings could be references for future research on wire EDM’s process optimization and machining.
Designing a new magnetic g-C 3 N 4 nanocatalyst based on Ag nanoparticles supported by β-cyclodextrin for effective reduction of nitroaromatic compounds
Authors: Rostami Saeed , Yahyazadeh Asieh , Adibi Hadi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Nanocomposites that incorporate metallic nanoparticles into their matrix represent a significant category of heterogeneous catalysts known for their remarkable catalytic activity. To enhance the stability of metallic nanoparticles, functionalized magnetic g-C3N4 materials have emerged as cost-effective and highly supportive catalyst supports. In this study, we present the synthesis of a silver nanocomposite by utilizing a β-cyclodextrin (βCD) polymer anchored onto the surface of magnetic g-C3N4 (referred to as g-C3N4-Fe3O4/βCD-Ag). The structure and composition of the g-C3N4-Fe3O4/βCD-Ag nanocomposite were thoroughly characterized using various techniques, including FT-IR, FE-SEM-EDS, TEM, TGA, XRD, ICP, and VSM. This catalytic system exhibited excellent selectivity in reducing nitro groups, even in the presence of other reactive functional groups, resulting in high yields ranging from 85–98%. Moreover, the organometallic nanocatalyst could be easily recovered from the solution using an external magnet and demonstrated consistent catalytic activity over six consecutive runs with a slight decrease.
Carbon Neutrality Policies Can Protect Potentially Suitable Habitats For Climate-Sensitive Species —— A Case Study Of Leopard Populations In Northern Shaanxi, China
Authors: Zhu Mengyan , Zhao Yue , Li Weiqiang , Han Xinghua , Wang Zhen , Yang Xiaomei , Dang Cuiying , Liu Yaoguo , Xu Shicai 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

In the context of rapid global climate change, carbon neutrality policies are formulated to reverse the adverse effects of climate change. However, the response of this policy to China's endemic leopard subspecies, the North China leopard, to future climate change is unclear. Therefore, this study predicted the suitable habitat of the North China leopard. The suitable habitat distribution of leopards in northern Shaanxi under four scenarios of shared socio-economic path in 2040 and 2060 was analyzed. We found that northern Shaanxi is an important habitat for North China leopards. In the future SSPs126 scenario, the suitable habitat area and the number of suitable habitat patches of North China leopards will continue to increase. The three climatic factors of annual average temperature, precipitation seasonality, and precipitation in the warmest quarter are important factors affecting the distribution of the leopard population in north China. The North China leopard is a sensitive species to climate change. The increase in carbon emissions will lead to the reduction, migration, and fragmentation of the suitable habitat distribution of the North China leopard. Carbon neutrality policies can protect suitable wild habitats. In the future, research on habitat connectivity should be strengthened to address the impact of climate change on wildlife.
Wheat variety classification based on McaxseNet lightweight model
Authors: Xue Hao , Liu Chengzhong , Han Junying , Lu Qinglin , Hou Jiahui , Zhou Weiguang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

In the context of traditional wheat cultivation, issues such as a lack of seedlings and the prolonged monopoly of seedlings are frequently encountered. These phenomena have a considerable impact on both grain yield and the income of farmers. The traditional methods of identifying wheat seedling varieties rely on manual observation and measurement. However, these methods are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and susceptible to subjective influences, resulting in poor timeliness and robustness. The detection accuracy and speed of wheat seedling variety identification and classification can be improved by using deep learning models. However, there is still relatively little research on this subject. In this study, a McaxseNet lightweight model wheat variety identification classification method is proposed. The method is based on the MobileVit-XS network model, which efficiently identifies global feature information. The introduction of the CBAM attention mechanism in the MV2 module enables the MV2 module to be more focused and accurate when processing features. It is proposed that the XSE module incorporate the SE attention mechanism in the improved Xception module, followed by residual linking, to address the gradient vanishing problem and enhance the feature extraction capability of the model, while simultaneously improving its robustness. The McaxseNet lightweight model was trained on 30 datasets in a wheat test field, comprising a total of 29,673 images of wheat seedlings from 30 wheat varieties. The average accuracy of the dataset is 98.27%, which represents a 5.94% improvement over that of the MobileViT model. Furthermore, the model's number of parameters is only 10.51MB, and the execution time for processing a single wheat seedling image is 24.1ms. In comparison to other convolutional neural network models, McaxseNet exhibits a higher degree of accuracy while maintaining a relatively low number of parameters. In comparison to other convolutional neural network models, McaxseNet exhibits a higher degree of accuracy while maintaining a relatively low number of parameters.
Comparison of the Postoperative Analgesic Effects of Bupivacaine and Ropivacaine in Infraorbital Nerve Block Anesthesia for Cheiloplasty in Infants
Authors: Zhou Wenjie , Lin Nan , Cai Zhiyu , Mao Chuanqing , Lai Yongzhen , Lu Meng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Obejectives: This study aimed to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of ropivacaine and bupivacaine for infraorbital nerve block post cheiloplasty. Additionally, the safety and feasibility of these agents in infants and young children were explored. Materials and Methods: Participants were divided into three groups: Control group (physiological saline), Group L (ropivacaine), and Group B (bupivacaine). Bilateral infraorbital nerve block anesthesia was performed at the beginning of surgery, and surgical treatment was performed under general anesthesia. Then, the FLACC scale method was used to score the pain of the children after surgery. Results: The heart rate of Group B was lower than that of the other two groups after surgery, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The FLACC pain scores in Group L and Group B at 30 minutes, 1 hour, and 4 hours after surgery were lower than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Side effects such as edema or hematoma at the puncture site, nausea, vomiting, cyanosis, and convulsions were noted. There were no adverse reactions in the control group. One case of lip cyanosis and convulsions occurred in Group L, and one case of nausea and vomiting occurred in Group B. There were no statistically significant differences in age, weight, and surgical time among the three groups(P > 0.05). Conclusions: Compared with bupivacaine, ropivacaine demonstrated similar analgesic effects and higher safety for postoperative pain relief of cleft lip repair in infants and young children. Its convenience of use suggests its merit for clinical promotion. Clinacal relevance: Ropivacaine could be considered an effective and reliable postoperative analgesic for cheiloplasty in infants.
Trueness of intraoral scanners: Its impact on the trueness and marginal and internal discrepancies of fabricated crowns (A comparative in vitro study)
Authors: Ali Safa , Majeed Manhal A 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Digital dentistry is constantly growing, and the availability of IOSs has significantly increased in recent years. Numerous studies have investigated the accuracy of different intraoral scanners; however, limited evidence is available concerning the effects of the accuracy of IOSs on the fit of zirconia crowns. This study aimed to assess and compare the accuracy of four intraoral scanners in terms of trueness and to analyse its impact on the trueness, as well as the internal and marginal adaptations of zirconia crowns fabricated from these scanners.
Methods
Ten sound maxillary left first premolar teeth prepared to receive zirconia crowns were used in this research. First, the teeth were scanned with a lab scanner (inEos X5, Dentsply Sirona) as a reference. Each tooth was scanned serially with the following IOSs: PrimerScan, Medit i700 wireless, TRIOS5, and Helios 600. Five monolithic zirconia crowns were fabricated for each tooth, one crown per scanner. The trueness of the tested scanners was determined by the superposition of each IOS's scanned data with the reference scanner's scanned data by metrology software (Geomagic Control X) and presented as a colour-coded map. The accuracy of the fabricated zirconia restoration was assessed by superimposing the scanned data of the intaglio of the crown fabricated from each intraoral scanner with the intaglio of the crown fabricated from the lab scanner (reference crown). The internal and marginal gaps of the crowns were then measured via the silicone replica technique, followed by a 3D evaluation of the replica by the software. The data were analysed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD multiple comparisons test. Pearson's correlation test assessed the relationships between the trueness of the IOSs and the trueness, internal fit, and marginal fit of the fabricated crowns.
Results
The tested IOSs revealed significant differences in trueness (p < 0.05). Primescan, Medit i700, and their corresponding crowns showed the highest trueness among the groups, with no significant differences between them (p > 0.05), while Helios 600 and its corresponding crowns showed the lowest trueness. The lowest internal and marginal gaps were observed in the crowns fabricated from Primescan and Medit i700, whereas the highest marginal and internal gaps were observed in the crowns fabricated from Helios 600. A moderately positive correlation was found between the tested IOSs' trueness and the fabricated restorations’ marginal and internal adaptations.
Conclusions
There were significant differences in trueness between the IOSs, which substantially impacted the trueness and fitness of the produced crowns.
Trial registration:
The permission for this study was given by the research ethics committee of the College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad. Ref.number: 811/2023.