bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hematological profile of East African short-horn zebu calves from birth to 51 weeks of age
Authors: van Wyk I. Conradie , Goddard A. , de C. Bronsvoort B. M. , Coetzer J. A. W. , Booth C. , Hanotte O. , Jennings A. , Kiara H. , Mashego P. , Muller C. , Pretorius G. , Poole E. J. , Thumbi S. M. , Toye P. G. , Woolhouse M. E. J. , Penzhorn B. L. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis paper is the first attempt to accurately describe the hematological parameters for any African breed of cattle, by capturing the changes in these parameters over the first 12 months of an animal’s life using a population-based sample of calves reared under field conditions and natural disease challenge. Using a longitudinal study design, a stratified clustered random sample of newborn calves was recruited into the IDEAL study and monitored at 5-weekly intervals until 51 weeks of age. The blood cell analysis performed at each visit included: packed cell volume; red cell count; red cell distribution width; mean corpuscular volume; mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; hemoglobin concentration; white cell count; absolute lymphocyte, eosinophil, monocyte, and neutrophil counts; platelet count; mean platelet volume; and total serum protein. The most significant age-related change in the red cell parameters was a rise in red cell count and hemoglobin concentration during the neonatal period. This is in contrast to what is reported for other ruminants, including European cattle breeds where the neonatal period is marked by a fall in the red cell parameters. There is a need to establish breed-specific reference ranges for blood parameters for indigenous cattle breeds. The possible role of the postnatal rise in the red cell parameters in the adaptability to environmental constraints and innate disease resistance warrants further research into the dynamics of blood cell parameters of these breeds.
Industrial Exports and Peronist Economic Policies in Post-War Argentina
Authors: BELINI CLAUDIO 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis article studies the growth and decline of Argentine exports of manufactured goods during the 1940s and 1950s. In a context that was favourable due to the global scarcity of manufactured goods, Argentine industry managed to sell its products in several foreign markets, especially in Latin America, during the Second World War. In the post-war period, however, exports declined and returned to the levels of the 1930s. After 1950 the Peronist administration again tried to stimulate exports through the use of various incentives, but they did not revive. The article examines the reasons for this decline, the role played by the economic, commercial and industrial policies of the Peronist era, and the problems that Argentine industry faced in remaining competitive. Based on this analysis, the paper questions the interpretation that argues that exporting manufactured goods was a viable path for development for import substitution industrialisation countries in the post-war world. In this respect the paper contributes to the discussion of different paths towards economic development in Latin America.
Older Adult Mistreatment Risk Screening: Contribution to the validation of a Screening Tool in a Domestic Setting
Authors: Lindenbach Jeannette M. , Larocque Sylvie , Lavoie Anne-Marise , Garceau Marie-Luce 
Published: May 2012

RÉSUMÉLe dépistage du risque de maltraitance de la personne aînée vivant à domicile est difficile en raison de sa nature cachée. Afin de surmonter ce défi, un instrument valide évaluant systématiquement les facteurs de risque est requis. Un tel instrument, le “expanded-Indicators of Abuse” [e-IOA], fut originellement validé en hébreu dans un milieu hospitalier. Cette étude a contribué à la validation du “e-IOA” dans un nouveau contexte, celui d’un milieu communautaire anglophone en Ontario, Canada. L’étude s’est déroulée en deux phases: la validation du contenu et l’adaptation de l’instrument par des experts partout en Ontario, suivit de l’évaluation de la fidélité inter-juges par des infirmières. Cette adaptation, nommée le “Mistreatment of Older Adult Risk Factors”, est un outil de dépistage clair, compréhensif et représentatif du risque de maltraitance à domicile. Cet instrument permettra aux professionnels œuvrant auprès des aînés d’être mieux outillés pour évaluer ce risque.
Cultural Cross-Dressing: Posing and Performance in Orientalist Portraits
Authors: MAYER TARA 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis article provides new perspectives in interpreting the sartorial codes present in Orientalist portraits of European subjects. Art historians have traditionally implicated these works in the European imperialist project of appropriating, manipulating, and gaining mastery over the Orient. More recently, as part of a wider effort to challenge conventional portrayals of colonial encounters in purely confrontational, monolithic terms, portraits of Europeans in exotic dress have been seen as visual proof that certain Europeans may have ‘crossed-over’ or ‘gone-native’. This article advances a third perspective. Analysing several portraits of Europeans with Indian connections during the seventeenth, eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, it demonstrates the importance of analysing portraiture as an act of public performance. It shows that, in many cases, the performance of both artist and sitter alike were not intended for the colonial population, but for the spectators of colonialism situated ‘back home’ in Europe. Applying this new analytical approach to such an important and extensive genre of sources has far reaching implications both within the field of art history as well as within the broader domains of colonial history and contemporary East–West cultural studies. The interpretation of Western portrayals of the Orient – both visual and literary, both historical and contemporary – as active participants in an imperialist ideology must not eclipse the other, potentially less-charged, varied, and complex motivations of their participants.
The Dialects of Velātru and Gachsar: The Upper Karaj Valley in the Caspian-Persian Transition Zone
Authors: BORJIAN HABIB 
Published: May 2012

AbstractSouth-central Alborz is a language transition zone bounded by Persian, Māzandarāni, Central Caspian and Tatic language groups. In the lofty valleys of this area, separated from Tehran by a mountain chain, rest villages with vanishing dialects that show various degrees of affinity with the neighbouring languages. The two dialects studied here, namely Velātruyi and Gachsari, belong to two different language groups, despite their geographical proximity on the upper Karaj valley. This study is founded on the texts collected by the late Ann Lambton in 1936, and conducts an areal, historical, and synchronic study of these dialects and attempts to provide an accurate translation of the texts, which are reproduced here together with glossaries.
The Kevserî Mecmûası Unveiled: Exploring an Eighteenth-Century Collection of Ottoman Music
Authors: UĞUR EKINCI MEHMET 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe Kevserî Mecmûası is an eighteenth-century Turkish manuscript, which includes, in addition to a variety of music-related contents, a fairly large collection of notations. Given the scarcity of notational sources, it offers invaluable material for understanding the performance practice and compositional style of Ottoman music before the nineteenth century. Having studied a hitherto unknown microfilm copy of this manuscript, the original of which has remained up to now in a private library and closed to our access, the author aims in this article to introduce this source and discuss its potential contribution to the knowledge of Ottoman music. The article is organised roughly in two parts. First, it will present briefly the contents of the manuscript, integrating new evidence and clues about its date, author and purpose into existing knowledge. Second, it will focus on the collection of notations in the manuscript, and by comparing it with the earlier collections will argue that, contrary to the prevailing views expressed in the literature, no large-scale transformation in the style of Ottoman music took place in the early eighteenth century.
Social health and nutrition impacts of community kitchens: a systematic review
Authors: Iacovou Marina , Pattieson Deanna C , Truby Helen , Palermo Claire 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjectiveCommunity kitchens have been implemented by communities as a public health strategy to prevent food insecurity through reducing social isolation, improving food and cooking skills and empowering participants. The aim of the present paper was to investigate whether community kitchens can improve the social and nutritional health of participants and their families.DesignA systematic review of the literature was conducted including searches of seven databases with no date limitations.SettingCommunity kitchens internationally.SubjectsParticipants of community kitchens across the world.ResultsTen studies (eight qualitative studies, one mixed-method study and one cross-sectional study) were selected for inclusion. Evidence synthesis suggested that community kitchens may be an effective strategy to improve participants’ cooking skills, social interactions and nutritional intake. Community kitchens may also play a role in improving participants’ budgeting skills and address some concerns around food insecurity. Long-term solutions are required to address income-related food insecurity.ConclusionsCommunity kitchens may improve social interactions and nutritional intake of participants and their families. More rigorous research methods, for both qualitative and quantitative studies, are required to effectively assess the impact of community kitchens on social and nutritional health in order to confidently recommend them as a strategy in evidence-based public health practice.
Unexpected and novel putative viruses in the sediments of a deep-dark permanently anoxic freshwater habitat
Authors: Borrel Guillaume , Colombet Jonathan , Robin Agnès , Lehours Anne-Catherine , Prangishvili David , Sime-Ngando Télesphore 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Morphological diversity, abundance and community structure of viruses were examined in the deep and anoxic sediments of the volcanic Lake Pavin (France). The sediment core, encompassing 130 years of sedimentation, was subsampled every centimeter. High viral abundances were recorded and correlated to prokaryotic densities. Abundances of viruses and prokaryotes decreased with the depth, contrasting the pattern of virus-to-prokaryote ratio. According to fingerprint analyses, the community structure of viruses, bacteria and archaea gradually changed, and communities of the surface (0–10 cm) could be discriminated from those of the intermediate (11–27 cm) and deep (28–40 cm) sediment layers. Viral morphotypes similar to virions of ubiquitous dsDNA viruses of bacteria were observed. Exceptional morphotypes, previously never reported in freshwater systems, were also detected. Some of these resembled dsDNA viruses of hyperthermophilic and hyperhalophilic archaea. Moreover, unusual types of spherical and cubic virus-like particles (VLPs) were observed. Infected prokaryotic cells were detected in the whole sediment core, and their vertical distribution correlated with both viral and prokaryotic abundances. Pleomorphic ellipsoid VLPs were visible in filamentous cells tentatively identified as representatives of the archaeal genus Methanosaeta, a major group of methane producers on earth.
The Prescription of the Morning-After Pill in a Berlin Emergency Department Over a Four-Year Period – User Profiles and Reasons for Use
Authors: David M. , Radke A.-M. , Pietzner K. 
Published: May 2012

Questions: There are no current health care studies from Germany regarding the “morning-after pill”. This paper will use routine data to analyse details regarding the usersʼ profiles, reasons for using it and the utilisation of hospital outpatient facilities. Patient Collective and Methods: Retrospective analysis of all triage sheets in the emergency department of the Virchow Hospital Campus/Charité University Hospital, Berlin, over a four-year period from 2007 to 2010 that were coded with the ICD diagnosis Z30 (= contraception advice) and statistical processing of the associated administrative data. Results: 860 triage sheets were included in the analysis. The emergency department is used most frequently for the prescription of the “morning-after pill” at the weekend. The average age of the users was 25.1 years. The most common reason cited for needing emergency contraception was unprotected sexual intercourse, with the second-most common
being “condom failure”. Around half of the women attended the department within 12 hours of having unprotected sex. Less than 2 % (n = 14) of all women decided against a prescription of emergency contraceptive after counselling. Conclusions: The user profile and reasons for using emergency oral contraception correlate largely with the information contained in international literature. Although the “morning-after pill” is probably prescribed mainly in general practices in Germany, and despite the availability of new drugs with a permitted post-exposure interval of up to 120 hours after unprotected sex, there appears to still be a high demand for counselling and prescriptions of the “morning-after pill” in the context of the emergency department.
Uranium isotope compositions of the basaltic angrite meteorites and the chronological implications for the early Solar System
Authors: Brennecka Gregory A. , Wadhwa Meenakshi 
Published: May 2012

Events occurring within the first 10 million years of the Solar System’s approximately 4.5 billion-year history, such as formation of the first solids, accretion, and differentiation of protoplanetary bodies, have determined the evolutionary course of our Solar System and the planetary bodies within it. The application of high-resolution chronometers based on short-lived radionuclides is critical to our understanding of the temporal sequence of these critical events. However, to map the relative ages from such chronometers onto the absolute time scale, they must be “anchored” to absolute ages of appropriate meteoritic materials using the high-precision lead–lead (Pb–Pb) chronometer. Previously reported Pb–Pb dates of the basaltic angrite meteorites, some of which have been used extensively as time anchors, assumed a constant238U/235U ratio (= 137.88). In this work, we report measurements of238U/235U ratios in several angrites that are distinct from the previously assumed value, resulting in corrections to the Pb–Pb ages of ≥1 million years. There is no resolvable variation in the238U/235U ratio among the angrite bulk samples or mineral separates, suggesting homogeneity in the U isotopic composition of the angrite parent body. Based on these measurements, we recalculated the Pb–Pb age for the commonly used anchor, the D’Orbigny angrite, to be 4563.37 ± 0.25 Ma. An adjustment to the Pb–Pb age of a time anchor (such as D’Orbigny) requires a corresponding correction to the “model ages” of all materials dated using that anchor and a short-lived chronometer. This, in turn, has consequences for accurately defining the absolute timeline of early Solar System events.
The breathing effect of the LF/HF ratio in the heart rate variability measurements of athletes
Authors: Saboul Damien , Pialoux Vincent , Hautier Christophe 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to measure the influence of breathing frequency (BF) on heart rate variability (HRV) and specifically on the Low Frequency/High Frequency (LF/HF) ratio in athletes. Fifteen male athletes were subjected to HRV measurements under six randomised breathing conditions: spontaneous breathing frequency (SBF) and five others at controlled breathing frequencies (CBF) (0.20; 0.175; 0.15; 0.125 and 0.10 Hz). The subjects were divided in two groups: the first group included athletes with SBF <0.15 Hz (infSBF) and the second athletes with SBF higher than 0.15 Hz (supSBF). Fatigue and training load were evaluated using a validated questionnaire. There was no difference between the two groups for the fatigue questionnaire and training load. However, the LF/HF ratio during SBF was higher in infSBF than in supSBF (6.82±4.55 vs. 0.72±0.52; p<0.001). The SBF and LF/HF ratio were significantly correlated (R=−0.69; p=0.004). For the five CBF, no differences were found between groups; however, LF/HF ratios were very significantly different between sessions at 0.20; 0.175; 0.15 Hz and 0.125; 0.10 Hz. In this study, BF was the main modulator of the LF/HF ratio in both controlled breathing and spontaneous breathing. Although, none of the subjects of the infSBF group were overtrained, during SBF they all presented LF/HF ratios higher than four commonly interpreted as an overtraining syndrome. During each CBF, all athletes presented spectral energy mainly concentrated around their BF. Consequently, spectral energy was located either in LF or in HF band. These results demonstrate that the LF/HF ratio is unreliable for studying athletes presenting SBF close to 0.15 Hz leading to misclassification in fatigue.
Global Banking
Authors: Smith Roy C. , Walter Ingo , DeLong Gayle 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Few sectors of the global economy have experienced the dynamic and structural change that has occurred over the past several decades in banking and financial services, or as much turbulence and damage to the economy and to individuals. Regulatory and technological changes have been among the main catalysts of transformation in the financial industry worldwide, making entrenched competitive structures obsolete and mandating the development of new products, new processes, new strategies, and new public policies toward the industry. This book attempts to reassess the continuing transformation process of global banking and finance—its causes, its course, and its consequences. It begins with an overview of the most recent developments. Next, the major dimensions of international commercial and investment banking are examined, including money and foreign exchange markets, debt capital markets, international bank lending, derivatives, asset-based and project financing, and equity capital markets. Next, the various advisory businesses—mergers and acquisitions, privatizations, institutional asset management, and private banking—are analyzed. In each case, the factors that distinguish the winners from the losers are identified. This is brought together in the final section of the book, which deals with problems of strategic positioning and execution, as well as with critical risk issues and regulations.
International Bank Lending
Authors: Smith Roy C. , Walter Ingo , Delong Gayle 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
International bank lending is an active part of the business of major banks. However, competition from nonbanks and the development of securities markets have changed the nature of the business. Traditional loan syndications continue to occur, but these have been supplemented by an increasing involvement in leveraged finance. Commercial banks still dominate the syndicated loan business and are able to use their placing power and willingness to extend credit to muscle into the riskier, but seemingly more profitable leveraged loan and other underwriting and advisory businesses traditionally dominated by investment banks.
Assessing and Managing Risk in Global Banking
Authors: Smith Roy C. , Walter Ingo , Delong Gayle 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Future cash flows can be impaired by economic or political events. This chapter discusses the two components of country or cross-border risk, namely economic and political risk. Evaluating country risk is difficult, but building country assessments into the design of international exposure portfolios that are in some sense “efficient” is even more complicated. Neither the risks nor the returns are clearly definable, and even exposure measurement is a difficult task. Portfolio ideas can contribute importantly in clarifying the overall risks. The development of informational and assessment capabilities as part of the country evaluation process can itself lead to improved international exposure decisions that implicitly embody portfolio concepts. The application of these concepts also helps pin down the link between risks and pricing of international loans and bonds.
Systemic Risk in Global Banking
Authors: Smith Roy C. , Walter Ingo , Delong Gayle 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
This chapter discusses essential regulatory principles for controlling systemic risk: Systemic financial intermediaries like large and complex financial institutions (LCFIs), which are thought to be too big to fail, must be charged insurance premiums commensurate with the explicit or implicit government insurance they enjoy on a continuous basis. There should be an additional risk premium tied specifically to the systemic risk of the institutions, for example, if it exceeds a normative level, the institution pays for the additional risk taken on. Some sort of after-the-fact discipline such as “contingent capital” may be necessary; for example, debt that automatically converts into equity when losses seriously deplete equity capital. A form of functional separation or carve-outs needs to be enforced, whether by regulatory fiat or through appropriate capital charges.
Dealing with Regulatory and Compliance Issues
Authors: Smith Roy C. , Walter Ingo , Delong Gayle 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
This chapter considers the key regulatory overlays of the global financial services industry, emphasizing that balancing efficiency against stability and fairness is never easy. Linkages are drawn between structural change in financial intermediation and supervisory and regulatory functions. The regulatory environment is central to the evolution of the financial services industry. Overregulation leads to opportunity costs in the form of inefficient allocation of capital to the detriment of end users of the financial system and overall economic performance. Underregulation can can engender market inequities or promote financial collapse and all of the costs associated with systemic crises. Even a finely balanced degree of regulation carries with it the risks associated with moral hazard and adverse selection. The global regulatory environment must ultimately allow various players to compete in one another’s markets geographically, cross-client, and cross-product. The regulatory outcome must therefore provide a reasonably level playing field for all kinds of financial institutions to compete for business across the entire financial intermediation spectrum.
Consonants
Authors: Labrune Laurence 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis chapter examines in turn each consonant of the Japanese system, presenting its main allophones and phonotactic characteristics. Special attention is dedicated to the phonology of the consonant /h/ which has developed out of*/p/, and to the issue of the velar nasal, through an enlightening comparison of two competing approaches of the problem, that of Kindaichi Haruhiko (1942) and that of Junko Itô and Armin Mester (1997). This chapter also offers new insights on the phonology of the Japanese /r/ and on newly introduced consonants.
The phonology of consonant voicing
Authors: Labrune Laurence 
Published: May 2012

AbstractChapter 4 first presents a comprehensive overview of the issue of consonant voicing in Japanese, which is characterised by a number of specific and rather outstanding properties, including low frequency, phonotactic restrictions, historical instability and transparency, failure to undergo gemination and so on. It also considers their historical development and status in the writing system and offers an original analysis of the internal structure of the Japanese voiced obstruents within the framework of autosegmental phonology and feature geometry. This chapter also provides a detailed presentation of rendaku, one of the most studied and debated issue in Japanese morpho-phonology, and a section on post-nasal voicing, before concluding that voicing could be regarded as a supra-segmental feature rather than as a segmental one in Japanese.