bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of preharvest biofilm application regimes on cracking and fruit quality traits in ‘0900 Ziraat’ sweet cherry cultivar
Authors: Ozturk Burhan , Akkaya Husrev , Aglar Erdal , Saracoglu Onur 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundFruit cracking impacts the quality of sweet cherry, significantly affecting its marketability due to increased susceptibility to injury, aesthetic flaws, and susceptibility to pathogens. The effect of 1% biofilm (Parka™) application regimes on fruit cracking and other quality parameters in the ‘0900 Ziraat’ cherry cultivar was investigated in this study. Fruit sprayed with water were served as control (U1). Fruit treated only once with biofilm three, two and one week before the commercial harvest were considered as U2, U3 and U4, respectively. Fruit treated with biofilm three, two, and one week before harvest were considered as U5; three and two week before harvest as U6; two and one week before harvest as U7; and fruit treated three and one week before harvest as U8.ResultsIn both measurement periods, the lower cracking index was obtained in biofilm-treated sweet cherry fruit. However, the firmness of biofilm-treated fruit was higher than that of the control fruit. The lowest respiration rate was observed in U7, while the highest weight was recorded in U4 and U5 than the control. The biofilm application decreased fruit coloration. The biofilm application also increased the soluble solids content of the fruit. The U2, U3 and U4 applications at harvest showed higher titratable acidity than the control. In both measurement periods, the vitamin C content of the U2, U5, U6, U7 and U8 applications was found to be higher than that of the control. The total monomeric anthocyanin of the U3 and U8 applications was higher than that of the control. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of the U2, U3 and U5 in the DPPH, and the U7 and U8 in FRAP were measured higher thanthat of the control.ConclusionsThe application of biofilms has the potential to mitigate fruit cracking, prolong postharvest life of sweet cherries, and enhance fruit firmness.
Enhancing saline stress tolerance in soybean seedlings through optimal NH4+/NO3− ratios: a coordinated regulation of ions, hormones, and antioxidant potential
Authors: Noor Javaria , Ahmad Izhar , Ullah Abd , Iqbal Babar , Anwar Shazma , Jalal Arshad , Okla Mohammad K. , Alaraidh Ibrahim A. , Abdelgawad Hamada , Fahad Shah 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundNitrogen (N) availability is crucial in regulating plants’ abiotic stress resistance, particularly at the seedling stage. Nevertheless, plant responses to N under salinity conditions may vary depending on the soil’s NH4+to NO3−ratio.MethodsIn this study, we investigated the effects of different NH4+:NO3−ratios (100/0, 0/100, 25/75, 50/50, and 75/25) on the growth and physio-biochemical responses of soybean seedlings grown under controlled and saline stress conditions (0-, 50-, and 100-mM L− 1NaCl and Na2SO4, at a 1:1 molar ratio).ResultsWe observed that shoot length, root length, and leaf-stem-root dry weight decreased significantly with increased saline stress levels compared to control. Moreover, there was a significant accumulation of Na+, Cl−, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and malondialdehyde (MDA) but impaired ascorbate-glutathione pools (AsA-GSH). They also displayed lower photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b), K+ion, K+/Na+ratio, and weakened O2•−-H2O2-scavenging enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, glutathione reductase under both saline stress levels, while reduced ascorbate peroxidase, and dehydroascorbate reductase under 100-mM stress, demonstrating their sensitivity to a saline environment. Moreover, the concentrations of proline, glycine betaine, total phenolic, flavonoids, and abscisic acid increased under both stresses compared to the control. They also exhibited lower indole acetic acid, gibberellic acid, cytokinins, and zeatine riboside, which may account for their reduced biomass. However, NH4+:NO3−ratios caused a differential response to alleviate saline stress toxicity. Soybean seedlings supplemented with optimal ratios of NH4+:NO3−(T3 = 25:75 and T = 4 50:50) displayed lower Na+and Cl−and ABA but improved K+and K+/Na+, pigments, growth hormones, and biomass compared to higher NH4+:NO3−ratios. They also exhibited higher O2•−-H2O2-scavenging enzymes and optimized H2O2, MDA, and AsA-GSH pools status in favor of the higher biomass of seedlings.ConclusionsIn summary, the NH4+ and NO3−ratios followed the order of 50:50 > 25:75 > 0:100 > 75:25 > 100:0 for regulating the morpho-physio-biochemical responses in seedlings under SS conditions. Accordingly, we suggest that applying optimal ratios of NH4+and NO3−(25/75 and 50:50) can improve the resistance of soybean seedlings grown in saline conditions.
Use of 3D-CT-derived psoas major muscle volume in defining sarcopenia in colorectal cancer
Authors: Takahashi Makoto , Sakamoto Kazuhiro , Kogure Yosuke , Nojiri Shuko , Tsuchiya Yuki , Honjo Kumpei , Kawai Masaya , Ishiyama Shun , Sugimoto Kiichi , Nagakari Kunihiko , Tomiki Yuichi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Sarcopenia is characterized by reduced skeletal muscle volume and is a condition that is prevalent among elderly patients and associated with poor prognosis as a comorbidity in malignancies. Given the aging population over 80 years old in Japan, an understanding of malignancies, including colorectal cancer (CRC), complicated by sarcopenia is increasingly important. Therefore, the focus of this study is on a novel and practical diagnostic approach of assessment of psoas major muscle volume (PV) using 3-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) in diagnosis of sarcopenia in patients with CRC.

Methods
The subjects were 150 patients aged ≥ 80 years with CRC who underwent primary tumor resection at Juntendo University Hospital between 2004 and 2017. 3D-CT measurement of PV and conventional CT measurement of the psoas major muscle cross-sectional area (PA) were used to identify sarcopenia (group S) and non-sarcopenia (group nS) cases. Clinicopathological characteristics, operative results, postoperative complications, and prognosis were compared between these groups.

Results
The S:nS ratios were 15:135 for the PV method and 52:98 for the PA method. There was a strong positive correlation (r = 0.66, p < 0.01) between PVI (psoas major muscle volume index) and PAI (psoas major muscle cross-sectional area index), which were calculated by dividing PV or PA by the square of height. Surgical results and postoperative complications did not differ significantly in the S and nS groups defined using each method. Overall survival was worse in group S compared to group nS identified by PV (p < 0.01), but not significantly different in groups S and nS identified by PA (p = 0.77). A Cox proportional hazards model for OS identified group S by PV as an independent predictor of a poor prognosis (p < 0.05), whereas group S by PA was not a predictor of prognosis (p = 0.60).

Conclusions
The PV method for identifying sarcopenia in elderly patients with CRC is more practical and sensitive for prediction of a poor prognosis compared to the conventional method.
Psychometric properties of the Arabic translation of the Dark Future Scale questionnaire in a non-clinical sample of Arabic-speaking young adults
Authors: Karam Joya-Maria , Malaeb Diana , Hallit Rabih , Fekih-Romdhane Feten , Obeid Sahar , Hallit Souheil 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Through the years, studying negative behaviors of the worldwide population seized the spotlight from many researchers who focused on building scales in order the measure the level of worries, fear and even depression of such stressed individuals. By definition, “Future anxiety” (FA) is fueled by negative thoughts leading to intense fear of unknown future events. The Dark Future scale (DFS) measures the level of anxiety experienced towards the future. Our aim was to examine the psychometric properties of a novel Arabic translation of the DFS.

Methods
A sample of 684 Arabic-speaking young adults (65.6% women) filled the DFS, TEMPS-M (temperaments) and DASS-8 (psychological distress).

Results
Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) supported a unidimensional model of the DFS score, with all 5 items retained. This scale had good reliability. Moreover, concurrent validity demonstrated significant associations between DFS scores and psychological distress, depressive, cyclothymic, irritable and anxious temperament. Scores achieved scalar invariance across gender, with women having greater exposure to anxiety about the future.

Conclusion
Overall, these findings led to the conclusion that the Arabic DFS is a psychometrically valid tool for the assessment of FA. The DFS is a brief, reliable and easy to apply scale that would help researchers in psychology and psychiatry in assessing anxiety about future.
Adaption and validation of the Rwandese version of the Young Mania Rating Scale to measure the severity of a manic or hypomanic episode
Authors: Musoni-Rwililiza E. , Arnbjerg C. J. , Rurangwa N. U. , Bendtsen M. G. , Carlsson J. , Kallestrup P. , Vindbjerg E. , Gishoma D. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Bipolar Disorder is one of the most incapacitating diseases among young persons, leading to cognitive and functional impairment and raised mortality, particularly death by suicide. Managing a manic episode and developing new and more effective treatment modalities requires sensitive and reliable instruments. This study aims to translate the English version of the YMRS questionnaire into Kinyarwanda, adapt it to the Rwandan context, and assess its validity.

Methods
The original English version of The Young Mania Rating Scale questionnaire was translated into Kinyarwanda. The translation process followed a standardized approach, including back-translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and final adjustments. A total of 130 inpatients with bipolar disorder in a manic episode from CARAES Ndera Teaching Hospital were included. The descriptive statistics and test–retest correlations were carried out, as well as the CFA for validation and Rasch-analysis.

Results
The Rwandese version of The Young mania rating scale had an adequate internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.90). Item 11 provided the lowest standardized loading in both ratings (0.51 and 0.55). The second lowest loading involved the highly correlated item pairs 5 & 9, with item 5 loading 0.51 in rating 1 and item 9 loading 0.57 in rating 2. The remaining loadings ranged from 0.59 to 0.79. This relatively narrow range indicated that a fit to a Rasch model was plausible if excluding item 11.

Conclusion
The findings demonstrate that the translated YMRS, the R-YMRS, can be used as a reliable and valid instrument for assessing mania in the Rwandese population in clinical and research settings. However, the results supported using an unweighted total score of 32 and removing items 5, 9, and 11. Studies on this revised scale with an added interview guide for less-trained clinical staff are recommended.
Factors associated with hookworm and Schistosoma mansoni infections among school-aged children in Mayuge district, Uganda
Authors: Kim Eun Seok , Adriko Moses , Oseku Kabarangira Christine , Lokure David , Webb Emily L. , Sabapathy Kalpana 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Hookworm infection and schistosomiasis are two of sub-Saharan Africa's most common neglected tropical diseases. An annual mass drug administration (MDA) program against schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths (STHs), including hookworm, has been implemented in Mayuge district, Uganda, since 2003 to date. However, hookworm and schistosomiasis remain prevalent in Mayuge district. Understanding the factors that predispose children to these infections in the context of MDA could inform interventions to reduce prevalence in Uganda and similar settings.

Method
This cross-sectional study took place in 33 randomly selected primary schools in the Mayuge district from January to February 2022. Children in primary classes 4 or 5, in the selected schools provided single stool samples and completed questionnaires. Stool specimens were examined using the Kato-Katz method to determine the prevalence of hookworm and schistosomiasis. We performed univariable and multivariable logistic regression to assess the associations of each infection with potential risk factors.

Result
A total of 1,617 students (mean age 12.1 years, 50.1% male) were enrolled. The prevalence of hookworm infection and schistosomiasis was 21.8% (95% confidence interval (CI): 19.8–23.9%) and 18.7% (95% CI: 16.8–20.7%), respectively. In multivariable analysis, longer water fetching time (over 30 min versus less than 30 min) and working daily in the soil were associated with increased odds of hookworm infection (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.49, 95% CI: 1.13–1.96 and 1.37, 95% CI: 1.03–1.82, respectively). Higher odds of schistosomiasis were linked to proximity to water bodies within a one-hour walking distance (AOR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.35–2.50), and not always washing hands before eating (AOR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.50–2.67). Swimming, bathing, or washing in water bodies twice a week, compared to never, also increased schistosomiasis odds (AOR: 2.91, 95% CI: 1.66–5.13).

Conclusion
Consistent with the mechanisms of acquisition, hookworm infection increased with exposure to soil, and schistosomiasis increased with exposure to unclean water. Our findings highlight the importance of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene programs and strategies aimed at reducing exposure within the framework of Neglected Tropical Disease elimination programs.
An international perspective on young stroke incidence and risk factors: a scoping review
Authors: Amoah Dinah , Schmidt Matthew , Mather Carey , Prior Sarah , Herath Manoja P. , Bird Marie-Louise 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Stroke among younger age groups is increasing globally. While there is a focus on research conducted on people under 65 years who have had a stroke, there is a paucity of data on the incidence and risk factors of stroke among younger people (≤ 30 years). This scoping review examines evidence on incidence and risk factors for perinatal, paediatric and young adult stroke globally.

Methods
The review was guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute’s scoping review methodology. A systematic search was conducted on 23rd March 2022 across Medline Ovid, Embase, PsycINFO and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL). The eligibility criteria included all study designs providing information on the incidence and risk factors of stroke among young people (≤ 30 years) in the last ten years.

Results
A total of 5750 articles were identified. After screening, 471 articles (224 cohort studies (47.6%), 164 case studies/case series (34.8%), 35 reviews (7.4%), 30 case-control (6.4%) and 18 combinations of designs (3.8%) were included. There was data from 50 different countries, 199 studies were from high-income countries, upper and middle income (n = 38), lower middle-income (n = 39), low-income (n = 3) countries, international study (n = 7) and a further 185 articles did not state the country of research. Most of the studies (63%) focused on risk factors while incidence constituted 37%. Incidence data were reported heterogeneously across studies, leading to an inability to synthesise data. The three most frequently reported risk factors for perinatal stroke were infections, cardiac conditions, and intrapartum factors. Vasculopathies, infection and cardiac conditions accounted for most reported risk factors for paediatric stroke, while chronic conditions such as diabetes mellitus, vasculopathies and cardiac conditions accounted for the most reported risk factors among young adults.

Conclusion
This review has highlighted different stroke risk factors for each age cohort of people under 30 years. The low number of epidemiological studies suggests that further research of this type is needed to fully understand the incidence and risk factors in young stroke. A standardised reporting of age groupings of incidence data is imperative to enable the comparison of data from different geographical locations.
Sex differences in the use of mechanical ventilation in a neurointensive care population: a retrospective study
Authors: Stretti Federica , Utebay Didar , Bögli Stefan Yu , Brandi Giovanna 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
In the general intensive care unit (ICU) women receive invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) less frequently than men. We investigated whether sex differences in the use of IMV also exist in the neurocritical care unit (NCCU), where patients are intubated not only due to respiratory failure but also due to neurological impairment.

Methods
This retrospective single-centre study included adults admitted to the NCCU of the University Hospital Zurich between January 2018 and August 2021 with neurological or neurosurgical main diagnosis. We collected data on demographics, intubation, re-intubation, tracheotomy, and duration of IMV or other forms of respiratory support from the Swiss ICU registry or the medical records. A descriptive statistics was performed. Baseline and outcome characteristics were compared by sex in the whole population and in subgroup analysis.

Results
Overall, 963 patients were included. No differences between sexes in the use and duration of IMV, frequency of emergency or planned intubations, tracheostomy were found. The duration of oxygen support was longer in women (men 2 [2, 4] vs. women 3 [1, 6] days, p = 0.018), who were more often admitted due to subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). No difference could be found after correction for age, diagnosis of admission and severity of disease.

Conclusion
In this NCCU population and differently from the general ICU population, we found no difference by sex in the frequency and duration of IMV, intubation, reintubation, tracheotomy and non-invasive ventilation support. These results suggest that the differences in provision of care by sex reported in the general ICU population may be diagnosis-dependent. The difference in duration of oxygen supplementation observed in our population can be explained by the higher prevalence of SAH in women, where we aim for higher oxygenation targets due to the specific risk of vasospasm.
Patient safety in orthodontic care: a scoping literature review with proposal for terminology and future research agenda
Authors: Ferlias Nikolaos , Michelotti Ambrosina , Stoustrup Peter 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundKnowledge about patient safety in orthodontics is scarce. Lack of standardisation and a common terminology hinders research and limits our understanding of the discipline. This study aims to 1) summarise current knowledge about patient safety incidents (PSI) in orthodontic care by conducting a systematic literature search, 2) propose a new standardisation of PSI terminology and 3) propose a future research agenda on patient safety in the field of orthodontics.MethodsA systematic literature search was performed in the main online sources of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and OpenGrey from their inception to 1 July 2023. Inclusion criteria were based on the World Health Organization´s (WHO) research cycle on patient safety. Studies providing information about the cycle’s steps related to orthodontics were included. Study selection and data extraction were performed by two of the authors.ResultsA total of 3,923 articles were retrieved. After review of titles and abstracts, 41 articles were selected for full-text review and 25 articles were eligible for inclusion. Seven provided information on the WHO’s research cycle step 1 (“measuring harm”), twenty-one on “understanding causes” (step 2) and twelve on “identifying solutions” (step 3). No study provided information on Steps 4 and 5 (“evaluating impact” or “translating evidence into safer care”).ConclusionCurrent evidence on patient safety in orthodontics is scarce due to a lack of standardised reporting and probably also under-reporting of PSIs. Current literature on orthodontic patient safety deals primarily with “measuring harms” and “understanding causes of patient safety”, whereas less attention has been devoted to initiatives “identifying solutions”, “evaluating impact” and “translating evidence into safer care”. The present project holds a proposal for a new categorisation, terminology and future research agenda that may serve as a framework to support future research and clinical initiatives to improve patient safety in orthodontic care.RegistrationPROSPERO (CRD42022371982).
Efficacy and underlying mechanisms of three-circle post standing qigong on insomnia in college students: a four-arm, double-blind, randomized controlled trial protocol
Authors: Xu Ming-min , Li Nan , Hu Tian-nuo , Zhou Zheng-kun , Chen Yue , Huang Xue , Wei Yulong , Guo Yu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Insomnia is common in college students, but its impact on health and wellbeing is often neglected. Enhancing sleep quality through targeted interventions could improve overall health and reduce the risk of consequent co-morbidities and mental health problems. Qigong exercises have been shown to significantly improve sleep quality and relieve insomnia. Three-circle Post Standing (TCPS) can help integrate body, breath, and mind, a fundamental principle of Qigong that promotes holistic wellbeing. In this clinical trial, we aim to (1) evaluate the feasibility, safety, and therapeutic efficacy of administering TCPS to improve sleep quality and quality of life in college students with insomnia; (2) explore the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the mind adjustments mediated by TCPS in insomnia; (3) investigate body and breath pathophysiology mediated by TCPS in insomnia; and (4) assess the long-term efficacy of TCPS in terms of sleep quality and quality of life.

Methods
This will be a prospective, parallel, four-arm, double-blind randomized controlled trial to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of TCPS on college students with insomnia. One hundred college students meeting diagnostic criteria for insomnia will be randomly assigned to receive either 14 weeks of standardized TCPS training (two weeks of centralized training followed by 12 weeks of supervised training) or sham-control Post Standing training. Efficacy outcomes including sleep quality, quality of life, neurophysiological assessments, plantar pressure, biomechanical balance, and physical measures will be collected at baseline, eight weeks (mid-point of supervised training), and 14 weeks (end of supervised training). Sleep quality and quality of life will also be evaluated during the four- and eight-week follow-up.

Discussion
This trial will be an important milestone in the development of new therapeutic approaches for insomnia and should be easily implementable by college students with insomnia. The neuro- and pathophysiological assessments will provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying TCPS.

Clinical trial registration
This trial has been registered in the China Clinical Trials Registry (registration number: ChiCTR2400080763).