bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional flow measurements induced from serpentine plasma actuators in quiescent air
Authors: Durscher R J , Roy S 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
This paper presents three-dimensional flow measurements performed on a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) actuator with the electrodes in a serpentine design. Such a configuration induces a local pinching and a local spreading of the fluid as one follows along the span of the actuator. In this work two different variations on the serpentine configuration are evaluated: one constructed from patterned circular arcs and one from patterned rectangles. The influence of applied voltage is studied for the former case. To quantify these effects stereo particle image velocimetry (PIV) is used to generate time averaged, spatially resolved measurements of the detailed flow structure. The three components of the velocity vector are measured along spanwise and streamwise cuts. These slices are then reconstructed to provide a three-dimensional view of the induced flow field. The results for the induced flow fields are also compared with stereo-PIV measurements made on a standard linear DBD actuator. A truly three-dimensional induced flow field was observed as a result of the serpentine configuration. These designs could be beneficial for rapid mixing of the local fluid.
Luminescence at 1.5 µm from Si/GeSn nanodot/Si structures
Authors: Nakamura Yoshiaki , Fujinoki Norihito , Ichikawa Masakazu 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Broad photoluminescence (PL) around 1.5 µm (∼0.8 eV) from Si/GeSn nanodot (ND)/Si structures was enhanced by high temperature post-annealing. This PL was related to radiative electronic states created in the Si-capping layer owing to the underlying GeSn NDs. A light-emitting diode was fabricated containing the Si-capped GeSn NDs as an active layer. Broad electroluminescence (EL) was observed even at room temperature (RT) near 0.8 eV which is consistent with the optical fibre communication wavelength (∼1.5 µm). The temperature dependence of the integrated EL intensity revealed two activation energies of 3 and 33 meV. The light emission with a higher activation energy of 33 meV leading to the RT luminescence was considered to have the same origin as that of broad PL. This demonstrates that the Si/GeSn ND/Si structures are promising as a group IV-based light-emitting material compatible with Si technology.
Seasonal variation in the egg morphology of the copepod Eurytemora americana and its relationship with reproductive strategy in a temperate estuary in Argentina
Authors: Berasategui Anabela A. , Hoffmeyer Mónica S. , Dutto M. Sofía , Biancalana Florencia 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Berasategui, A. A., Hoffmeyer, M. S., Dutto, M. S., and Biancalana, F. 2012. Seasonal variation in the egg morphology of the copepod Eurytemora americana and its relationship with reproductive strategy in a temperate estuary in Argentina. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 380–388. Seasonal variation in the morphology of Eurytemora americana eggs and its relationship with reproductive strategy were studied in the Bahía Blanca Estuary. Eggs from field females were analysed morphologically by optical (OM) and electron microscopy [scanning electron microscopy (SEM)–transmission electron microscopy (TEM)] during the population pulse. Additionally, egg-carrying females were incubated simulating in situ environmental conditions to evaluate the resting egg character. Subitaneous and resting eggs were indistinguishable by OM, but showed different chorion appearance under SEM and TEM. Sinuous patterned chorion eggs, mainly produced during the period of population growth, were classed as subitaneous eggs based on their high level of hatching success. Eggs with a sponge-like appearance, produced after the population peaked, were classed as diapause eggs based on their inability to hatch even under favourable conditions. There were significant differences in egg size through the population pulse and diapause eggs were significantly bigger than subitaneous eggs. The observation of both morphotypes in egg-carrying females after peak population abundance confirms the existence of a transitional reproductive stage before the exclusive production of diapause eggs at the end of the pulse. Diapause egg production enables E. americana to resist adverse conditions, ensuring its survival in temperate estuaries.
Association between plasma 25‐OH vitamin D and testosterone levels in men
Authors: Nimptsch Katharina , Platz Elizabeth A. , Willett Walter C. , Giovannucci Edward 
Published: January 2012

SummaryObjective A small randomized controlled trial suggested that vitamin D might increase the production of testosterone in men, which is supported by experimental studies in animals and a cross‐sectional study showing positive associations between plasma 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and testosterone and concordant seasonal variation of both biomarkers.Design and Measurements We investigated the cross‐sectional association of plasma 25(OH)D levels and total and free testosterone measured by immunoassay in 1362 male participants of the Health Professionals Follow‐up Study who were selected for a nested case–control study on prostate cancer using multivariate‐adjusted linear and restricted cubic spline regression models.Results 25(OH)D was positively associated with total and free testosterone levels. From the lowest to the highest 25(OH)D quintile, multivariate‐adjusted means (95% confidence interval) were 18·5 (17·7; 19·4), 19·4 (18·6; 20·2), 19·6 (18·8; 20·4), 20·1 (19·3; 20·9) and 20·0 (19·1; 20·8; P‐trend = 0·003) for total testosterone and 97·7 (93·9; 101·5), 98·2 (94·1; 102·2), 99·2 (95·2; 103·2), 100·7 (96·9; 104·5) and 101·5 (97·6; 105·4; P‐trend = 0·03) for free testosterone. The shapes of the dose–response curves indicate that the association between 25(OH)D and total and free testosterone is linear at lower levels of 25(OH)D (below approximately 75–85 nmol/l), reaching a plateau at higher levels. Unlike for 25(OH)D, we did not observe any seasonal variation of testosterone concentrations.Conclusion This study supports previously reported positive associations between vitamin D and testosterone although we did not observe parallel seasonal variation patterns. Possible causality and direction of the vitamin D–testosterone association deserve further scientific investigation.
Improved Knowledge About Conception Rates Influences the Decision to Stop Insemination in Dairy Cows
Authors: Inchaisri C , De Vries A , Jorritsma R , Hogeveen H 
Published: January 2012

ContentsThe conception rate in dairy cows is dependent on a number of cow factors such as days in milk and insemination number. Unfortunately, some of these factors were not accounted for in optimal insemination and replacement decision models. By using wrong estimates of the conception rate, the calculated optimal insemination and replacement policy might differ from the real optimal insemination and replacement policy. The objective of this study was to evaluate different sets of conception rates with an increasing level of accuracy to determine the insemination policy. An existing dynamic program for optimal insemination and replacement was used to compare three different scenarios in the estimation of conception rates, based on the reproductive performance of Dutch dairy cattle: (i) constant conception rate throughout lactation, (ii) conception rate dependent on parity and months in milk, and (iii) conception rate dependent on parity, months in milk and insemination number. The time step of the model was 30.4 days (1 month). The discounted future cash flow of culling a cow at each time step (replace a heifer immediately) was compared with keeping that cow under optimal future decisions. The difference between immediate culling and optimal decisions is defined as the retention pay‐off. The insemination value was calculated as the difference between the future cash flow between immediate insemination of a cow and waiting one time‐step. The results show that the difference in the insemination values and the optimal time to stop insemination depend on parity, lactation stage and the relative milk yield. In older cows with equal milk yields and at the same months in milk, the insemination value was lower than in younger cows. Within a parity, the insemination value was higher for cows with a higher milk yield. On individual cow level, using more accurate conception rate as input in the optimal insemination and replacement model might reduce miscalculation of the economic consequences for at least of €20–€38 per cow per year. Basing insemination decisions on less accurate input of the probabilities of conception, however, did not have an economic consequence at the herd level. In conclusion, using the appropriate conception rate as input in the optimal insemination and replacement model would increase the precise decision for the optimal time to stop insemination and hence improve the reproductive management efficacy.
Effect of deception and expected exercise duration on psychological and physiological variables during treadmill running and cycling
Authors: Eston Roger , Stansfield Ralph , Westoby Paul , Parfitt Gaynor 
Published: January 2012

AbstractEffects of deception and expected duration on the rating of perceived exertion (RPE), affect, and heart rate (HR) were examined during treadmill (n = 12) and cycling (n = 8) exercise. Participants completed three conditions: (1) 20 MIN—exercise for 20 min, stop after 20 min; (2) 10 MIN—exercise for 10 min, in 10th min be told to exercise for 10 min more; and (3) UNKNOWN—no information about duration. Intensities were set at 70% and 65% of peak oxygen uptake for treadmill and cycling, respectively. RPE increased (treadmill) and affect decreased (treadmill and cycling) in the absence of changes in HR and oxygen uptake in the 10 MIN conditions. These changes suggest a disruption to a feed‐forward/feedback system. The lower HR in the UNKNOWN conditions suggests a subconscious attempt to conserve energy when the duration of the exercise task is unknown.
Large animal induced pluripotent stem cells as pre‐clinical models for studying human disease
Authors: Plews Jordan R. , Gu Mingxia , Longaker Michael T. , Wu Joseph C. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract

The path to induced pluripotency
Discovery of a pan‐species pluripotency network
Animal iPSCs and disease modelling
Issues with large animal iPSCs
Conclusions

The derivation of human embryonic stem cells and subsequently human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has energized regenerative medicine research and enabled seemingly limitless applications. Although small animal models, such as mouse models, have played an important role in the progression of the field, typically, they are poor representations of the human disease phenotype. As an alternative, large animal models should be explored as a potentially better approach for clinical translation of cellular therapies. However, only fragmented information regarding the derivation, characterization and clinical usefulness of pluripotent large animal cells is currently available. Here, we briefly review the latest advances regarding the derivation and use of large animal iPSCs.
An outbreak of the 2009 influenza a (H1N1) virus in a children’s hospital
Authors: Bearden Allison , Friedrich Thomas C. , Goldberg Tony L. , Byrne Barbara , Spiegel Carol , Schult Peter , Safdar Nasia 
Published: January 2012

Please cite this paper as: Bearden et al. (2012) An outbreak of the 2009 influenza a (H1N1) virus in a children’s hospital. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 6(5), 374–379.Context  Preventing nosocomial transmission of influenza is essential to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with this infection. In October 2009, an outbreak of the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) virus occurred in a hematology ward of a children’s hospital over a 21‐day period and involved two patients and four healthcare workers.Objective  To investigate nosocomial transmission of the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) virus in patients and healthcare workers.Design, setting, and participants  An outbreak investigation was initiated in response to suspected nosocomial transmission of the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) virus during the peak of the 2009 pandemic. Cases were confirmed using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test specific for the 2009 H1N1 influenza A virus. Viruses isolated from nasopharyngeal swabs were genetically characterized using Sanger sequencing of uncloned “bulk” PCR products.Main outcome measures  Virus sequencing to investigate nosocomial transmission.Results  Two immunocompromised patients and four healthcare workers were found to be part of a nosocomial outbreak of the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) virus. One immunocompromised patient had a second episode of clinical influenza infection after isolation precautions had been discontinued, resulting in additional exposures. Strain‐specific PCR showed that all cases were caused by infection of the 2009 H1N1 virus. Sequencing of viral genes encoding hemagglutinin and polymerase basic subunit 2 (PB2) revealed that all viruses isolated were genetically identical at these loci, including the two episodes occurring in the same immunocompromised patient.Conclusions  Prompt institution of isolation precautions is essential in preventing nosocomial outbreaks of the 2009 novel influenza A (H1N1) virus. Our data suggest that isolation precautions may need to be continued for a prolonged period of time in immunocompromised patients with influenza infection.
Reducing HPV-Associated Cancer Globally
Authors: Lowy Douglas R. , Schiller John T. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancers are a major worldwide public health concern. Virtually all cervical cancer is HPV related, with 70% caused by HPV16 and -18. Variable proportions of certain noncervical cancers (e.g., anal, vulvar, and oropharyngeal) are HPV related; more than 90% of the HPV-related ones are caused by HPV16, -18. The HPV-related cancers are dominated by cervical cancer in the developing world, where cervical cancer screening is limited. In this setting, widespread uptake of current HPV vaccines by adolescent girls could reduce this cancer's incidence and mortality by approximately two-thirds, with cost-effective screening programs of adult women having the potential to reduce mortality more rapidly. In the industrialized world, some noncervical HPV-related cancers, especially oropharyngeal, are rapidly increasing, and now rival the incidence of cervical cancer, whose rates continue to decline thanks to established cervical screening programs. Therefore, reducing HPV-associated noncervical cancers with HPV vaccination has greater importance in the industrialized world, especially because there are no approved screening programs for these cancers. Preventing the substantial number of noncervical HPV cancers in men will require either “herd” immunity through high-vaccination rates in females or male vaccination. Current HPV vaccination can complement cervical screening in protecting against cervical cancer and may permit the safe reduction of screening intensity in industrialized countries. Second-generation HPV vaccines (active against a broader array of cervical cancer–related HPV types) could prevent an even higher proportion of cervical precancer and cancer and might permit further reductions in screening intensity. Cancer Prev Res; 5(1); 18–23. ©2012 AACR.
Downregulation of TMEM16A Calcium-Activated Chloride Channel Contributes to Cerebrovascular Remodeling During Hypertension by Promoting Basilar Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation
Authors: Wang Mi , Yang Hui , Zheng Ling-Yun , Zhang Zheng , Tang Yong-Bo , Wang Guan-Lei , Du Yan-Hua , Lv Xiao-Fei , Liu Jie , Zhou Jia-Guo , Guan Yong-Yuan 
Published: January 2012

Background—

The Ca
2+
-activated chloride channel (CaCC) plays an important role in a variety of physiological functions. In vascular smooth muscle cells, CaCC is involved in the regulation of agonist-stimulated contraction and myogenic tone. The physiological functions of CaCC in blood vessels are not fully revealed because of the lack of specific channel blockers and the uncertainty concerning its molecular identity.

Methods and Results—

Whole-cell patch-clamp studies showed that knockdown of TMEM16A but not bestrophin-3 attenuated CaCC currents in rat basilar smooth muscle cells. The activity of CaCC in basilar smooth muscle cells isolated from 2-kidney, 2-clip renohypertensive rats was decreased, and CaCC activity was negatively correlated with blood pressure (n=25;
P
<0.0001) and medial cross-sectional area (n=24;
P
<0.0001) in basilar artery during hypertension. Both upregulation of CaMKII activity and downregulation of TMEM16A expression contributed to the reduction of CaCC in the hypertensive basilar artery. Western blot results demonstrated that angiotensin II repressed TMEM16A expression in basilar smooth muscle cells (n=6;
P
<0.01). Knockdown of TMEM16A facilitated and overexpression of TMEM16A inhibited angiotensin II–induced cell cycle transition and cell proliferation determined by flow cytometry and BrdU incorporation (n=6 in each group;
P
<0.05). TMEM16A affected cell cycle progression mainly through regulating the expression of cyclin D1 and cyclin E.

Conclusions—
TMEM16A CaCC is a negative regulator of cell proliferation. Downregulation of CaCC may play an important role in hypertension-induced cerebrovascular remodeling, suggesting that modification of the activity of CaCC may be a novel therapeutic strategy for hypertension-associated cardiovascular diseases such as stroke.
Dermal Tissue Allograft for the Repair of Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears
Authors: Gupta Anil K. , Hug Kevin , Berkoff David J. , Boggess Blake R. , Gavigan Molly , Malley Paul C. , Toth Alison P. 
Published: January 2012

Background: Massive irreparable rotator cuff tears in patients without advanced glenohumeral arthritis can pose a challenge to surgeons. Numerous management strategies have been utilized, and studies have shown varied results with regard to shoulder pain, range of motion, strength, and overall function. Hypothesis: Patients undergoing repair of massive irreparable rotator cuff tears through a mini-open approach with the use of human dermal tissue matrix allograft would demonstrate an improvement in pain, range of motion, strength, and subjective functional outcomes. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: We performed a prospective observational study of 24 patients who underwent interposition repair of massive rotator cuff tears using human dermal allograft. All patients were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively by the treating surgeon. Data were collected preoperatively and postoperatively for an average 3-year follow-up period (range, 29-40 months). Active range of motion as well as supraspinatus and infraspinatus strength was assessed. Subjective outcome measures included pain level (visual analog scale of 0-10, with 10 = severe pain), American Shoulder and Elbow Score (ASES), and Short-Form 12 (SF-12) score. Imaging evaluation to assess for repair integrity was performed using static and dynamic ultrasonography at final follow-up. Results: Mean pain level decreased from 5.4 to 0.9 ( P = .0002). Mean active forward flexion and external rotation motion improved from 111.7° to 157.3° ( P = .0002) and from 46.2° to 65.1° ( P = .001), respectively. Mean shoulder abduction improved from 105.0° to 151.7° ( P = .0001). Supraspinatus and infraspinatus strength improved from 7.2 to 9.4 ( P = .0003) and from 7.8 to 9.3 ( P = .002), respectively. Mean ASES improved from 66.6 to 88.7 ( P = .0003). Mean SF-12 scores improved from 48.8 to 56.8 ( P = .03). One partial graft retear occurred because of patient noncompliance during postoperative rehabilitation. However, this patient still demonstrated improvement in pain, motion, and subjective outcomes at final follow-up. Ultrasonography demonstrated “fully intact” repairs in 76% of patients. All remaining patients had “partially intact” repairs. There were no complete tears. Conclusion: In our series of carefully selected candidates, all patients demonstrated a significant improvement in pain, range of motion, and strength. Subjective outcome measures, including mean ASES and SF-12 scores, also demonstrated significant improvement at an average 3-year follow-up.
Advanced Stage, Increased Lactate Dehydrogenase, and Primary Site, but Not Adolescent Age (≥ 15 Years), Are Associated With an Increased Risk of Treatment Failure in Children and Adolescents With Mature B-Cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma: Results of the FAB LMB 96 Study
Authors: Cairo Mitchell S. , Sposto Richard , Gerrard Mary , Auperin Anne , Goldman Stanton C. , Harrison Lauren , Pinkerton Ross , Raphael Martine , McCarthy Keith , Perkins Sherrie L. , Patte Catherine 
Published: January 2012

Purpose Adolescents (age 15 to 21 years) compared with younger children with mature B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) have been historically considered to have an inferior prognosis. We therefore analyzed the impact of age and other diagnostic factors on the risk of treatment failure in children and adolescents treated on the French-American-British Mature B-Cell Lymphoma 96 (FAB LMB 96) trial. Patients and Methods Patients were divided by risk: group A (limited), group B (intermediate), and group C (advanced), as previously described. Prognostic factors analyzed for event-free survival (EFS) included age (< 15 v ≥ 15 years), stage (I/II v III/IV), primary site, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), bone marrow/CNS (BM/CNS) involvement, and histology (diffuse large B-cell lymphoma v mediastinal B-cell lymphoma v Burkitt lymphoma or Burkitt-like lymphoma). Results The 3-year EFS for the whole cohort was 88% ± 1%. Age was not associated as a risk factor for increased treatment failure in either univariate analysis (P = .15) or multivariate analysis (P = .58). Increased LDH (≥ 2 × upper limit of normal [ULN] v < 2 × ULN), primary site, and BM-positive/CNS-positive disease were all independent risk factors associated with a significant increase in treatment failure rate (relative risk, 2.0; P < .001, P < .012, and P < .001, respectively). Conclusion LDH level at diagnosis, mediastinal disease, and combined BM-positive/CNS-positive involvement are independent risk factors in children with mature B-cell NHL. Future studies should be developed to identify specific therapeutic strategies (immunotherapy) to overcome these risk factors and to identify the biologic basis associated with these prognostic factors in children with mature B-cell NHL.