bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fragment‐Parallel Composite and Filter
Authors: Patney Anjul , Tzeng Stanley , Owens John D. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe present a strategy for parallelizing the composite and filter operations suitable for an order‐independent rendering pipeline implemented on a modern graphics processor. Conventionally, this task is parallelized across pixels/subpixels, but serialized along individual depth layers. However, our technique extends the domain of parallelization to individual fragments (samples), avoiding a serial dependence on the number of depth layers, which can be a constraint for scenes with high depth complexity. As a result, our technique scales with the number of fragments and can sustain a consistent and predictable throughput in scenes with both low and high depth complexity, including those with a high variability of depth complexity within a single frame. We demonstrate composite/filter performance in excess of 50M fragments/sec for scenes with more than 1500 semi‐transparent layers.
Real‐Time Concurrent Linked List Construction on the GPU
Authors: Yang Jason C. , Hensley Justin , Grün Holger , Thibieroz Nicolas 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe introduce a method to dynamically construct highly concurrent linked lists on modern graphics processors. Once constructed, these data structures can be used to implement a host of algorithms useful in creating complex rendering effects in real time. We present a straightforward way to create these linked lists using generic atomic operations available in APIs such as OpenGL 4.0 and DirectX 11. We also describe several possible applications of our algorithm. One example uses per‐pixel linked lists for order‐independent transparency; as a consequence, we are able to directly implement fully programmable blending, which frees developers from the restrictions imposed by current graphics APIs. The second uses linked lists to implement real‐time indirect shadows.
Fast Estimation and Rendering of Indirect Highlights
Authors: Laurijssen J. , Wang R. , Dutré Ph. , Brown B.J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper proposes a method for efficiently rendering indirect highlights. Indirect highlights are caused by the primary light source reflecting off two or more glossy surfaces. Accurately simulating such highlights is important to convey the realistic appearance of materials such as chrome and shiny metal. Our method models the glossy BRDF at a surface point as a directional distribution, using a spherical von Mises‐Fisher (vMF) distribution. As our main contribution, we merge multiple vMFs into a combined multimodal distribution. This effectively creates a filtered radiance response function, allowing us to efficiently estimate indirect highlights. We demonstrate our method in a near‐interactive application for rendering scenes with highly glossy objects. Our results produce realistic reflections under both local and environment lighting.
Compressive estimation for signal integration in rendering
Authors: Sen Pradeep , Darabi Soheil 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn rendering applications, we are often faced with the problem of computing the integral of an unknown function. Typical approaches used to estimate these integrals are often based on Monte Carlo methods that slowly converge to the correct answer after many point samples have been taken. In this work, we study this problem under the framework of compressed sensing and reach the conclusion that if the signal is sparse in a transform domain, we can evaluate the integral accurately using a small set of point samples without requiring the lengthy iterations of Monte Carlo approaches. We demonstrate the usefulness of our framework by proposing novel algorithms to address two problems in computer graphics: image antialiasing and motion blur. We show that we can use our framework to generate good results with fewer samples than is possible with traditional approaches.
A Layered Particle‐Based Fluid Model for Real‐Time Rendering of Water
Authors: Bagar Florian , Scherzer Daniel , Wimmer Michael 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe present a physically based real‐time water simulation and rendering method that brings volumetric foam to the real‐time domain, significantly increasing the realism of dynamic fluids. We do this by combining a particle‐based fluid model that is capable of accounting for the formation of foam with a layered rendering approach that is able to account for the volumetric properties of water and foam. Foam formation is simulated through Weber number thresholding. For rendering, we approximate the resulting water and foam volumes by storing their respective boundary surfaces in depth maps. This allows us to calculate the attenuation of light rays that pass through these volumes very efficiently. We also introduce an adaptive curvature flow filter that produces consistent fluid surfaces from particles independent of the viewing distance.
On the Effective Dimension of Light Transport
Authors: Lessig Christian , Fiume Eugene 
Published: September 2010

AbstractLight transport is often characterized within a high‐dimensional space although practitioners have long known that it commonly behaves as a much lower‐dimensional phenomenon. We study theeffective dimensionof light transport over a neighborhood on the scene manifold and show that under plausible assumptions the dimensionality is characterized by the spectrum of the spatio‐spectral concentration problem. This allows us to improve existing estimates for the dimension in computer graphics using a more insightful derivation and for the first time we obtain optimal representations. The relevance of our results for existing rendering applications is discussed.
BendyLights: Artistic Control of Direct Illumination by Curving Light Rays
Authors: Kerr William B. , Pellacini Fabio , Denning Jonathan D. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn computer cinematography, artists routinely use non‐physical lighting models to achieve desired appearances. This paper presentsBendyLights, a non‐physical lighting model where light travels nonlinearly along splines, allowing artists to control light direction and shadow position at different points in the scene independently. Since the light deformation is smoothly defined at all world‐space positions, the resulting non‐physical lighting effects remain spatially consistent, avoiding the frequent incongruences of many non‐physical models.BendyLightsare controlled simply by reshaping splines, using familiar interfaces, and require very few parameters.BendyLightcontrol points can be keyframed to support animated lighting effects. We demonstrateBendyLightsboth in a realtime rendering system for editing and a production renderer for final rendering, where we show thatBendyLightscan also be used with global illumination.
Interactive Editing of Lighting and Materials using a Bivariate BRDF Representation
Authors: Sitthi‐Amorn Pitchaya , Romeiro Fabiano , Zickler Todd , Lawrence Jason 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe present a new Precomputed Radiance Transfer (PRT) algorithm based on a two dimensional representation of isotropic BRDFs. Our approach involves precomputing matrices that allow quickly mapping environment lighting, which is represented in the global coordinate system, and the surface BRDFs, which are represented in a bivariate domain, to the local hemisphere at a surface location where the reflection integral is evaluated. When the lighting and BRDFs are represented in a wavelet basis, these rotation matrices are sparse and can be efficiently stored and combined with pre‐computed visibility at run‐time. Compared to prior techniques that also precompute wavelet rotation matrices, our method allows full control over the lighting and materials due to the way the BRDF is represented. Furthermore, this bivariate parameterization preserves sharp specular peaks and grazing effects that are attenuated in conventional parameterizations. We demonstrate a prototype rendering system that achieves real‐time framerates while lighting and materials are edited.
A PCA Decomposition for Real‐time BRDF Editing and Relighting with Global Illumination
Authors: Nguyen Chuong H. , Kyung Min‐Ho , Lee Joo‐Haeng , Nam Seung‐Woo 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe propose a novel rendering method which supports interactive BRDF editing as well as relighting on a 3D scene. For interactive BRDF editing, we linearize an analytic BRDF model with basis BRDFs obtained from a principal component analysis. For each basis BRDF, the radiance transfer is precomputed and stored in vector form. In rendering time, illumination of a point is computed by multiplying the radiance transfer vectors of the basis BRDFs by the incoming radiance from gather samples and then linearly combining the results weighted by user‐controlled parameters. To improve the level of accuracy, a set of sub‐area samples associated with a gather sample refines the glossy reflection of the geometric details without increasing the precomputation time. We demonstrate this program with a number of examples to verify the real‐time performance of relighting and BRDF editing on 3D scenes with complex lighting and geometry.
Grammar‐based Encoding of Facades
Authors: Haegler Simon , Wonka Peter , Arisona Stefan Müller , Van Gool Luc , Müller Pascal 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn this paper we propose a real‐time rendering approach for procedural cities. Our first contribution is a new lightweight grammar representation that compactly encodes facade structures and allows fast per‐pixel access. We call this grammarF‐shade. Our second contribution is a prototype rendering system that renders an urban model from the compact representation directly on the GPU. Our suggested approach explores an interesting connection from procedural modeling to real‐time rendering. Evaluating procedural descriptions at render time uses less memory than the generation of intermediate geometry. This enables us to render large urban models directly from GPU memory.
Invisible Seams
Authors: Ray Nicolas , Nivoliers Vincent , Lefebvre Sylvain , Lévy Bruno 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSurface materials are commonly described by attributes stored in textures (for instance, color, normal, or displacement). Interpolation during texture lookup provides a continuous value field everywhere on the surface, except at the chart boundaries where visible discontinuities appear. We propose a solution to make these seams invisible, while still outputting a standard texture atlas. Our method relies on recent advances in quad remeshing using global parameterization to produce a set of texture coordinates aligning texel grids across chart boundaries. This property makes it possible to ensure that the interpolated value fields on both sides of a chart boundary precisely match, making all seams invisible. However, this requirement on the uv coordinates needs to be complemented by a set of constraints on the colors stored in the texels. We propose an algorithm solving for all the necessary constraints between texel values, including through different magnification modes (nearest, bilinear, biquadratic and bicubic), and across facets using different texture resolutions. In the typical case of bilinear magnification and uniform resolution, none of the texels appearing on the surface are constrained. Our approach also ensures perfect continuity across several MIP‐mapping levels.
A Dynamic Noise Primitive for Coherent Stylization
Authors: Bénard P. , Lagae A. , Vangorp P. , Lefebvre S. , Drettakis G. , Thollot J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe present a new solution for temporal coherence in non‐photorealistic rendering (NPR) of animations. Given the conflicting goals of preserving the 2D aspect of the style and the 3D scene motion, any such solution is a tradeoff. We observe that primitive‐based methods in NPR can be seen as texture‐based methods when using large numbers of primitives, leading to our key insight, namely that this process is similar to sparse convolution noise in procedural texturing. Consequently, we present a new primitive for NPR based on Gabor noise, that preserves the 2D aspect of noise, conveys the 3D motion of the scene, and is temporally continuous. We can thus use standard techniques from procedural texturing to create various styles, which we show for interactive NPR applications. We also present a user study to evaluate this and existing solutions, and to provide more insight in the trade‐off implied by temporal coherence. The results of the study indicate that maintaining coherent motion is important, but also that our new solution provides a good compromise between the 2D aspect of the style and 3D motion.
Male Honor and the Ruralization of HIV/AIDS in Michoacán. A Case of Indigenous Return Migration in Mexico
Authors: Rosete Daniel Hernández 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this text is to analyse the motives of seasonal migrant workers for attempting to get their wives pregnant when they return to Mexico. The meanings attributed to paternity, pregnancy and rearing are analysed from the perspective of the migrant worker and his wife. Ethnographic research was conducted in several Purépecha communities in Michoacán, supported by interviews with indigenous, who travelled to the United States for periods of up to three years, and with their wives, who stayed in Mexico. The migrant workers interviewed consider pregnancy and the paternity derived from it as an important means of male legitimization and sexual control of their wives, particularly valid in their rural communities of origin, where they know they are absentee males. When they return to Mexico they seek sexual relations for reproductive purposes, since they fear their wives will have extramarital relations in their absence. From these findings, it was considered necessary to implement sexual and reproductive health policies with pluri‐ethnic and gender approaches that take into account male beliefs and practices regarding paternity and pregnancy in a rural context. The development of sensitizing policies aimed at migrant males during their stays in Mexico is recommended.
The Seasonal Modification of the Interstitial Tissue of the Testis in the Fruit Bat (Pteropus)
Authors: Groome J. K. 
Published: September 2010

Summary.The interstitial cells of the testis of Pteropus geddiei were found to be most numerous and their volume to be greatest when copulation occurs and for the three months preceding this. It is therefore supposed that the greatest quantity of male hormone is elaborated at this time, October‐February, when the bat is social and sexual.From March to June there is moderate glandular activity, the behaviour of the bat being social and asexual.In July and August interstitial activity is at its minimum, and the bat is solitary and asexual.There is a significant seasonal variation in the interstitial tissue of these bats, living in a remarkably constant tropical climate; although the variation is less pronounced than that found in British Wood Mice.It is suggested that the male hormone may to some extent control the purely social behaviour of Pteropus.
Genetic Interaction in a Hybrid Pheasant.
Authors: Huxley J. S. 
Published: September 2010

Summary.(1) A brief description is given of a male hybrid between Chrysolophus amherstias and Lophophorus impeyanus, two markedly different genera of the Phasianinas.(2) The chief point of interest is the almost complete disappearance of the striking colours and patterns of the two parents, the hybrid being almost entirely black with no or very limited iridescence.(3) The crest‐shape of the Amherst is dominant, while the facial skin of the hybrid resembles that of the Impeyan parent.(4) The cape of the Amherst, which is wholly unrepresented in the Impeyan, is present in the hybrid but is reduced in length and feather‐breadth, and is not developed on the anterior margin of its normal area; it has not been seen to be spread in display.(5) The tail is roughly intermediate in length and shape.(6) The body‐build inclines somewhat towards the Amherst parent, though the size is intermediate. The Impeyan habit of digging with the beak is dominant over the Amherst habit of scratching with the feet.
Pre‐natal and Infant Mortality in a Laboratory Population of Voles {Microtus agrestis).
Authors: Ranson R. M. 
Published: September 2010

Summary.A technique for estimating the pre‐natal mortality in the vole, Microtus agrestis, by palpating the embryos, is described. The results obtained from a laboratory stock of voles show a mortality of at least 21‐07 per cent.14–20 per cent, of the young born alive die during the 14 days between birth and weaning, giving an accumulated loss of at least 32‐28 per cent, for the first 35 days of existence.The sex ratio at weaning was 50–89 2‐22 males per cent.
The Effect of Temperature on the Respiratory Movements and Viability of a Cold‐Water Prawn, Pandalus borealis.
Authors: Abercrombie M. 
Published: September 2010

Summary.1. The viability of Pandalus borealis at temperatures from ll‐5o‐20‐3o C. has been studied. Thermal death occurs at 11‐5o C.2. When the mean lethal exposure to various temperatures is plotted against temperature two curves are obtained, meeting at a critical temperature of about 16‐5o. The temperature coefficients Q10, ft and m have different values above and below this critical temperature. This indicates that the causes of death are different above and below 16‐5o C.3. When animals are transferred suddenly from 5–6o C. to a high temperature (19‐2o and 20‐3o) they die after a shorter exposure to that temperature than when the change is made gradually over a period of one hour.4. The rate of scaphognathite beat varies not only with the activity of the animal but also with its previous history; the disturbance due to catching increases the rate enormously, and the effect of this lasts 2–3 days.5. The rate of scaphognathite beat increases not only with rising temperature, but also with the length of time the animal is exposed to a high temperature; it is suggested that this unusual behaviour may be due to a decline of inhibition of the scaphognathite.
LIVING WITH CHRONIC ILLNESS: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF PATIENTS SHUNTED FOR HYDROCEPHALUS AND THEIR FAMILIES
Authors: Query Joy M. , Rßichelt Carolyn , Christoferson Lee A. 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYThirty‐six patients who had had shunts for hydrocephalus between 14 and 36 years ago, and their parents and siblings were interviewed about the effects of chronic illness on their lives. Despite reports of severe financial, physical and emotional stress, most judged the quality of their family relationships and lives to be good. General outcome was poorest for those with unfavourable medical outcomes and/or questionable prospects for future independence. Almost all respondents were satisfied with the level and duration of treatment they had received.RÉSUMÉLa vie avec une affection chronique: étude rétrospective de patients valves pour hydrocéphalic et de leurs familiesTrente‐six patients, valvés pour hydrocéphalic de 14 à 36 ans auparavant, leurs parents et fratries ont été interrogés sur les effets d'une affection chronique dans leur vie. En dépit de difficultés graves, financières physiques et affectives, la majorité jugeaient bonne la qualité de leurs relations familiales et de leur vie. Le devenir général était moins bon en cas de devenir médical défavorable et/ou des inquiétudes pour l'indépendance future. Presque tous les interrogés étaient satisfaits du niveau et de la durée du traitement dont ils avaient bénéficié.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGMit chronischer Krankheit leben: eine retrospektive Studie über Hydrocephaluspatienten mit Ventil und ihre Familien36 Patienten, die vor 14 bis 36 Jahren wegen Hydrcephalus ein Ventil hatten, und ihre Eltern und Geschwister wurden über die Auswirkung der chronischen Krankheit auf ihr Leben befragt. Trotz einiger Berichte über schwere finanzielle, physische und emotionale Belastungen, beurteilten die meisten die Qualität ihrer familiären Beziehungen und ihres Lebens als gut. Der allgemeine Outcome war für die am schlechtesten, die eine ungünstige medizinische Prognose und/oder eine fragliche Aussicht auf eine mögliche Selbstständigkeit hatten. Fast alle Befragten waren mit der Qualität und der Dauer der Behandlung, die sie erhalten hatten, zufrieden.RESUMENViviendo con una enfermedad crónica: estudio retrospective de pacientes con derivación por hidrocefalia y de sus familiasTreinta y seis pacientes con derivación por hidrocefalia practicada de 14 a 36 años antes, asi como sus padres y hermanos fueron entrevistados acerca de los efectos sobre sus vidas de la enfermedad crónica padecida. A pesar de haber referido problemas financieros, físicos y emocionales, la mayoria juzgaba que la calidad de las relaciones familiares y sus vidas eran buenas. El curso general era más pobre en los que tenian un curso médico desfavorable y/o una perspectiva dudosa para su independencia futura. Casi todas las respuestas se mostraban satisfechas con el nivel y la duración del tratamiento que habían recibido.
The Syndromes Described by Kanner and Rett‐Hagberg: Overlap in an Extended Family
Authors: Gillberg Christopher , Ehlers Stephan , Wahlström Jan 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYAn extended family is reported in which Rett‐Hagberg syndrome, autism with mild ataxia and autism with profound mental retardation occurred separately in three female second‐cousins. The authors suggest alternative explanations for the possible association between autism and Rett‐Hagberg syndrome: that they may be closely related genetic disorders, or that they may constitute relatively homogeneous phenotypes with several possible aetiologies.RÉSUMÉLes syndromes décrits par Kanner et Rett‐Hagberg: chevauchement dans une même famille étendue L'article rapporte le cas d'une famile étendue dans laquelle un syndrome de Rett‐Hagberg, un autisme avec ataxie modérée et un autisme avec arriération mentale sévère s'observaient séparément chez trois filles cousines au deuxième degré. Les auteurs suggèrent des explications alternatives pour l'association possible entre un autisme et un syndrome de Rett‐Hagberg: qu'ils soient reliés étroitement à un défaut génétique ou qu'ils constituent des phénotypes relativement homogènes avec plusieurs étiologies possibles.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie von Kanner und Rett‐Hagberg beschriebenen Syndrome: Ùberlappung bei einer Großfamilie Es wird uber eine Großfamilie berichtet, in der bei drei weiblichen Cousinen zweiten Grades unabhàngig das Rett‐Hagberg Syndrom, Autismus mit leichter Ataxie und Autismus mit hochgradiger geistiger Retardierung vorkamen. Die Autoren geben alternative Erklärungen für die mögliche Beziehung zwischen Autismus und Rett‐Hagberg Syndrom: entweder sind es eng miteinander verbundene genetische Erkrankungen oder es sind relativ homogene Phänotypen mit unterschiedlichen Ätiologien.RESUMENLos síndromes descritos por Kanner y Rett‐Hagberg, se superponen en una familia extensaSe aporta una familia extensa en la que el síndrome de Rett‐Hagberg, el autismo con ataxia moderada y el autismo con retraso mental profundo existen separadamente en tres hembras, primas en segundo grado. Los autores sugieren explicaciones alternativas para una posible asociación entre el autismo y el síndrome de Rett‐Hagberg: que se trate de alteraciones genéticas muy cercanas o que constituyan fenotipos relativamente homogéneos con diversas etiologías posibles.