bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social and Community Participation of Children and Youth With Cerebral Palsy Is Associated With Age and Gross Motor Function Classification
Authors: Palisano Robert J. , Kang Lin-Ju , Chiarello Lisa A. , Orlin Margo , Oeffinger Donna , Maggs Jill 
Published: October 2009

BackgroundThrough social and community participation, children and youth with cerebral palsy (CP) form friendships, gain knowledge, learn skills, express creativity, and determine meaning and purpose in life.ObjectiveThe purposes of this study were: (1) to determine whether social and community participation of children and youth with CP differ based on age, sex, and gross motor function, and (2) to identify the types of activities in which social and community participation are highest.Design and MethodsA prospective cross-sectional analytic design was used. The participants were a sample of convenience of 291 children (6–12 years of age) and 209 youth (13–21 years of age) with CP (55.4% males, 44.6% females) receiving services from 7 children's hospitals. Participants completed the Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment (CAPE) by structured interview. Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level was determined by the researchers.ResultsYouth did a higher percentage of activities with friends and others and outside the home than children. Children and youth in level I did a higher percentage of activities with friends and others compared with children and youth in levels II and III and in levels IV and V. Children and youth in level I and in levels IV and V did a higher percentage of activities outside the home than children and youth in levels II and III. Differences were not found between females and males. The percentage of activities done with friends and others and outside the home was highest for physical and skill-based activities.LimitationsFindings cannot be attributed only to GMFCS level.ConclusionsThe ability to walk without restrictions is desirable for social and community participation. For children and youth with CP who have limitations in mobility, physical therapists have roles as consultants for accessibility, activity accommodations, and assistive technology and as advocates for inclusive environments.
Intraoperative computed tomography angiography with computed tomography perfusion imaging in vascular neurosurgery: feasibility of a new concept
Authors: Schichor Christian , Rachinger Walter , Morhard Dominik , Zausinger Stefan , Heigl Thomas J. , Reiser Maximilian , Tonn Jörg-Christian 
Published: October 2009

Object
In vascular neurosurgery, there is a demand for intraoperative imaging of blood vessels as well as for rapid information about critical impairment of brain perfusion. This study was conducted to analyze the feasibility of intraoperative CT angiography and brain perfusion mapping using an up-to-date multislice CT scanner in a prospective pilot series.

Methods
Ten patients with unruptured aneurysms underwent intraoperative scanning with a 40-slice sliding-gantry CT scanner. Multimodal CT acquisition was obtained in 8 patients consisting of dynamic perfusion CT (PCT) scanning followed by intracranial CT angiography. Two of these patients underwent CT angiography and PCT 2 times in 1 session as a control after repositioning cerebral aneurysm clips. In another 2 patients, CT angiography was performed alone. The quality of all imaging obtained was assessed in a blinded consensus reading performed by an experienced neurosurgeon and an experienced neuroradiologist. A 6-point scoring system ranging from excellent to insufficient was used for quality evaluation of PCT and CT angiography.

Results
In 9 of 10 PCT data sets, the quality was rated excellent or good. In the remaining case, the quality was rated insufficient for diagnostic evaluation due to major streak artifacts induced by the titanium pins of the head clamp. In this particular case, the quality of the related CT angiography was rated good and sufficient for intraoperative decision making. The quality of all 12 CT angiography data sets was rated excellent or good. In 1 patient with an anterior communicating artery aneurysm, PCT scanning led to a repositioning of the clip because of an ischemic pattern of the perfusion parameter maps due to clip stenosis of an artery. The subsequent PCT scan obtained in this patient revealed an improved perfusion of the related vascular territory, and follow-up MR imaging showed only minor ischemia of the anterior cerebral artery territory.

Conclusions
Intraoperative CT angiography and PCT scanning were shown to be feasible with short acquisition time, little interference with the surgical workflow, and very good diagnostic imaging quality. Thus, these modalities might be very helpful in vascular neurosurgery. Having demonstrated their feasibility, the impact of these methods on patients' outcomes has now to be analyzed prospectively in a larger series.
A C-fiber–mediated neuropathic brachioradial pruritus
Authors: De Ridder Dirk , Hans Guy , Pals Philippe , Menovsky Tomas 
Published: October 2009

A 56-year-old man presented to the outpatient clinic with a 3-year history of itch within the innervation territory of C-6 of the left arm. Sudden neck movements induced intermittent paresthesias in the same dermatome. No dermatological diseases, allergies, or trauma to the affected extremity or the spine or a history of familial pruritus were reported.
Neurological physical examination and electromyography revealed normal findings. Quantitative sensory testing demonstrated selective C-fiber dysfunction at C6–8 on the left, and cervical MR imaging revealed multilevel degenerative cervical spine pathology with neuroforaminal stenoses. Brachioradial neuropathic pruritus caused by cervical neuroforaminal stenosis was the final diagnosis. Treatment consisted of 2 cervical epidural steroid applications that resulted in clinical disappearance of the itch and improvement in C-fiber function on quantitative sensory testing.
A proposed classification system that projects outcomes based on preoperative variables for adult patients with glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Chaichana Kaisorn , Parker Scott , Olivi Alessandro , Quiñones-Hinojosa Alfredo 
Published: October 2009

Object
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive type of primary brain tumor in adults. Although the average survival is ~ 12 months, individual survival is heterogeneous. The ability to predict short- and long-term survivors is limited. Therefore, the aims of this study were to ascertain preoperative risk factors associated with survival, develop a preoperative prognostic grading system, and evaluate the utility of this grading system in predicting survival for patients undergoing resection of a primary intracranial GBM.

Methods
Cases involving adult patients who underwent surgery for an intracranial primary (de novo) GBM between 1997 and 2007 at The Johns Hopkins Hospital, an academic tertiary-care institution, were retrospectively reviewed. Multivariate proportional hazards regression analysis was used to identify preoperative factors associated with survival, after controlling for extent of resection and adjuvant therapies. The identified associations with survival were then used to develop a grading system based on preoperative variables. Survival as a function of time was plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method, and survival rates were compared using Log-rank analysis. Associations with p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results
Of the 393 patients in this study, 310 (79%) had died as of most recent follow-up (median time from surgery to death 11.9 months). The preoperative factors, independent of extent of resection and adjuvant therapies (carmustine wafers, temozolomide, and radiation), found to be negatively associated with survival were: age > 60 years (p < 0.0001), Karnofsky performance status score ≤ 80 (p < 0.0001), motor deficit (p = 0.02), language deficit (p = 0.001), and periventricular tumor location (p = 0.04). Patients possessing 0–1, 2, 3, and 4–5 of these variables were assigned a preoperative grade of 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Patients with a preoperative grade of 1, 2, 3, and 4 had a median survival of 16.6, 10.2, 6.8, and 6.1 months, respectively.

Conclusions
The present study found that older age, poor performance status, motor deficit, language deficit, and periventricular tumor location independently predicted poorer survival in patients undergoing GBM resection. A grading system based on these factors was able to identify 4 distinct groups of patients with different survival rates. This grading system, based only on preoperative variables, may provide patients and physicians with prognostic information that may guide medical and surgical therapy before any intervention is pursued.
Delayed administration of erythropoietin reducing hippocampal cell loss, enhancing angiogenesis and neurogenesis, and improving functional outcome following traumatic brain injury in rats: comparison of treatment with single and triple dose
Authors: Xiong Ye , Mahmood Asim , Meng Yuling , Zhang Yanlu , Qu Changsheng , Schallert Timothy , Chopp Michael 
Published: October 2009

Object
This efficacy study was designed to investigate traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rats treated with delayed erythropoietin (EPO) administered in a single dose compared with a triple dose.

Methods
Young adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into the following groups: 1) sham group (6 animals); 2) TBI/saline group (6 animals); 3) TBI/EPO×1 group (6 animals); and 4) TBI/EPO×3 group (7 animals). Traumatic brain injury was induced by controlled cortical impact over the left parietal cortex. Erythropoietin (5000 U/kg) or saline was administered intraperitoneally on Day 1 (EPO×1 group) or on Days 1, 2, and 3 (EPO×3 group) postinjury. Neurological function was assessed using a modified neurological severity score, foot-fault, and Morris water maze tests. Animals were killed 35 days after injury and brain sections were stained for immunohistochemistry.

Results
Compared with the saline treatment, EPO treatment in both the EPO×1 and EPO×3 groups significantly reduced hippocampal cell loss, enhanced angiogenesis and neurogenesis in the injured cortex and hippocampus, and significantly improved neurological functional outcome. The EPO×3 group exhibited significantly improved functional and histological outcomes compared with the EPO×1 group.

Conclusions
These data demonstrate that delayed posttraumatic administration of EPO significantly improved histological and long-term functional outcomes in rats after TBI. The triple doses of delayed EPO treatment produced better histological and functional outcomes in rats, although a single dose provided substantial benefits compared with saline treatment.
Comparison of diagnostic accuracy between USG and MRCP in biliary and pancreatic pathology
Authors: Bhatt C , Shah PS , Prajapati HJ , Modi J 
Published: October 2009

AbstractOBJECTIVE :- To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy between USG & MRCP in the patients suspected of biliary and pancreatic pathology.
MATERIAL & METHODS : Fifty patients attending the hospital of all age groups and both sexes, suspected of biliary and pancreatic pathology, were examined first by USG and followed by MRCP, and findings were correlated with ERCP and biopsy report.
RESULTS :- Out of 50 patients 38 patients had biliary pathology and 12 patients had pancreatic pathology. Out of this, MRCP was 98 % accurate in diagnosis when results were compared in all cases. USG didn′t help in case of CBD stricture, in evaluating Pancreatic duct into Chronic pancreatitis and in lower end of CBD pathology.
CONCLUSION :- USG is the cheap and easily available modality so, it is the primary investigative modality for suspected patients of biliary and pancreatic pathology, but MRCP has high diagnostic value.
Role of ultrasonography and computed tomography in the evaluation of focal splenic lesions
Authors: Shetty CM , Lakhkar BN , Pereira NM , Koshy SM 
Published: October 2009

AbstractOBJECTIVE: To study the role of ultrasonography and computed tomography in the evaluation of focal splenic lesions, to compare their diagnostic accuracies, to study the differential diagnosis of focal splenic lesions, to evaluate the imaging features of common lesions and to calculate the incidence of focal splenic involvement in lymphomas.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective study of 46 patients was undertaken in whom focal lesions in the spleen were detected on USG, CT or both. In all patients, USG was done and images were stored. Five mm thick contiguous sections were obtained from the spleen before and after injection of intravenous contrast material in the portovenous phase.
RESULTS: Of the focal splenic lesions 28 (60.8%) were benign and 18 (39.2%) were malignant. The spectrum of benign lesions included cysts (4), infarcts (10), abscesses (9) HIV+ve cases with focal hypodense splenic lesions (5) and a case of inflammatory pseudotumour. Malignant lesions included 6 cases each of Hodgkin′s and non-Hodgkin′s lymphoma and 6 cases of metastatic deposits in the spleen. Diagnostic accuracy of plain CT was 78.7%, of USG 87.2% and of CECT was 100%. Lesion detection was significantly improved by contrast enhancement. NHL, especially the high grade lymphomas presented with large nodular pattern of involvement of spleen whereas Hodgkin′s lymphoma presented in majority of cases with small nodular pattern of involvement. Imaging features of infarcts corresponded to the classic wedge shaped peripheral pattern in a majority,(80%) and were extensive with hilar sparing in 20%.
CONCLUSION: We concluded that contrast enhanced CT is the ideal modality for detection of focal splenic lesions, with USG being used mainly for follow up. The spectrum of differentials of focal splenic lesions in our study corresponded with reports in literature.
The Role of cardiac MRI in congenital heart disease
Authors: Sree Ram MN , Sreedhar CM , Alam A , Indrajit IK 
Published: October 2009

AbstractCardiac MRI is a valuable and an accurate modality used in the evaluation of structure and function of the heart. It is increasingly considered as a useful non invasive examination in management of cardiovascular conditions, a situation resulting from significant advances in MR technologies. Evaluation of congenital heart disease is an important application of Cardiac MRI since the morphological details of chambers, septum, defects and anomalous connections are depicted accurately. Additionally, flow information across valves, chambers, outflow tracts and shunts are also provided. Its utility is further increased especially during follow up of patients after corrective surgery. This article reviews current state-of-the-art MRI application in common congenital heart diseases.
Incidence and implications of a left inferior vena cava on IVC filter placement
Authors: Kalyanpur A , Pollak JS 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Objective: To assess the prevalence and ability to detect a left inferior vena cava (IVC) during venography prior to filter placement and its implications for device implantation.
Materials and Methods : Over 58 months, patients referred for an IVC filter were prospectively evaluated for a left IVC by performing cavography injecting into the left iliac vein, left renal venography, or CT scan correlation. Additionally, cavograms of patients receiving filters over the four previous years were reviewed to assess the adequacy of detecting these anomalies based on the degree of opacification of the left iliac vein in relation to the position of the catheter tip.
Results: Prospective evaluation for a left IVC was adequate in 477 of 503 patients. Retrospective evaluation using CT scans was possible in another 14. Left IVCs were detected in 5 patients (1%). Three patients with duplications were managed with either 2 filters, a suprarenal filter, or a bird′s nest filter straddling both cavas. Two patients with isolated left IVCs received a single filter. Of 62 retrospectively reviewed cavograms, the left iliac vein was inadequately opacified in 69% when the catheter was in the low IVC (53 patients) and 71% when it was in the right iliac vein (7 patients).
Conclusions: Low caval or right iliac vein injections infrequently provide sufficient reflux into the left iliac vein to assess for a left IVC. Left iliac vein catheterization is easy and will readily provide this information. Modifications in filter placement technique may be necessary when caval anomalies are present.
Structural brain lesions in schizophrenia -magnetic resonance imaging on a mid field magnet
Authors: Parkar S R , Seethalakshmi R , Shah H 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjectives : The brain damage associated with schizophrenia has been established beyond doubt; however, what remains unexplored is the biological nature of transcultural variations. An important reason for this was the lack of mid and high field scanners in developing countries like India.
Material and Methods : We undertook a pilot study using a 0.5 Tesla MRI scanner (General Electric Signa Contour) to explore identifiable structural brain lesions in ten randomly selected individuals with schizophrenia.
Results: Nine of the ten participants in the series had structural brain changes. The most common findings were ventricular dilatation and prominent cerebral cortical sulci and cerebellar folia. Additionally non-focal white matter lesions were observed in three patients and small right hippocampus was noted in one participant.
Conclusions : The study discusses that establishing structural brain lesions with mid field scanners is indeed feasible. The small study sample and heterogeneity of schizophrenia however made it difficult to establish any definite associations
Ellis-Van creveld′s syndrome (a case rreport)
Authors: Sharma O P , Saraf R , Gupta B 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
A 13 years old male patient had stunted growth, bilateral polydactyly, fusion of capitate and hamate on right side, incomplete duplication of 1st metacarpal at its proximal end, poorly ossified epiphyses of lower end of radius & ulna, valgus deformity of right knee, conical shape of tibial epiphyses, nonossified fibular epiphyses & a small bony exostoses from medial end of right tibia, abnormal teeth and nail of hand. Also there was evidence of left to right shunt in the heart. Oral frenulae, pseudocleft of upper lip were also noticed.
Subtrochanteric periosteal chondroma: A case report and tumor overview
Authors: Dhammi IK , Maheshwari AV , Jain AK , Gulati D 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
We report a rare case of subtrochanteric periosteal chondroma in a 16 years boy. The purpose of this presentation is to stress the importance of a proper clinico-radiological and histopathological diagnosis of this lesion. Awareness of the features of this lesion helps to prevent overtreatment of this benign condition, since its differentiation with malignant lesions may be extremely difficult, even at histology; and since conservative surgery with complete excision of the lesion leads to permanent cure.
Prenatal sonologic features of simple meconium peritonitis
Authors: Kharat A T , Prathima R , Singh A , Jacob D 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
A 25 yrs old female patient came to our department for routine antenatal ultrasound. Sonography revealed presence of a 24 week live intrauterine pregnancy. During routine screening for congenital anomalies, multiple highly echogenic foci were seen on the visceral peritoneal surface of liver and the parietal peritoneum. However no evidence of dilated bowel/ fetal ascites was detected. No other anomaly was detected.
Usefulness of dynamic maneuvers in MR evaluation of oral malignancies
Authors: Oberoi R , Jena A 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of dynamic maneuvers like "distended cheek" and "tongue deviation" in MR evaluation of oral malignancies. Methods: Ninety nine patients of oral malignancies who reported to this institute for treatment were enrolled in this study. All the patients evaluated with conventional MR imaging and supplemented by additional MR imaging with dynamic maneuvers using T1Weighted and STIR sequences with reduced scan time. Distended cheek imaging was performed in 73 cases of carcinoma cheek, gingiva & RMA (retromolar area) and tongue deviation in 24 cases of carcinoma tongue & floor of mouth. Two cases of carcinoma of lower gingiva performed both maneuvers. In selected cases MR imaging with dynamic maneuvers was also performed following contrast administration. Results: Lesions appearing inseparable from two mucosal surfaces (buccal mucosa and gingiva) on routine MR images were well separated in the distended cheek images in all cases except for two cases who could not perform the maneuvers. Distended cheek images demonstrated involvement of buccogingival sulci in 30 patients of carcinoma of cheek, involvement of cheek in 8 cases of carcinoma gingiva & involvement of gingiva in 6 cases of carcinoma cheek which were not appreciated on routine MR images. Similarly MR imaging with tongue deviation helped in better delineation of tongue lesions in 12 cases and showed involvement of glossogingival sulcus in 5 cases that were not appreciable on routine MR imaging. Conclusion: MR imaging with dynamic maneuvers provide additional information of clinical significance regarding origin and extent of disease in oral malignancies & should supplement the conventional MR imaging in selected cases.
Arrhyyhmogenic right ventricular dysplasia; radiologic findings of the left ventricle: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Arda K , Ciledag N , Kacmaz F , Tufekcioglu O , Sereflisan Y 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD) is characterized by progressive fibro fatty replacement of the right ventricular myocardium which constitutes a substrate for electrical instability and a focus of ventricular arrhythmias. Most of the patients have some degree of left ventricular involvement which also affects the right ventricle by the same disease process. From thirty percent to 50% of patients with ARVD have a family history of the disease. The most common pattern of inheritance is autosomal dominant. Clinically, ARVD usually presents with ventricular arrhythmias, and there is approving evidence that this is the underlying disease in a substantial number of sudden deaths among young, especially healthy individuals. The diagnosis of ARVD relies on the presence of structural and functional abnormalities of the right ventricle, electrophysiological abnormalities, and family history. The imaging modalities are conventional angiography, echocardiography (ECO), radionuclide angiography, ultra fast computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. (MRI). We are presenting a case of ARVD with ECO, computed tomography (CT), and MRI findings.