bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decoding children dental health risks: a machine learning approach to identifying key influencing factors
Authors: Sadegh-Zadeh Seyed-Ali , Bagheri Mahshid , Saadat Mozafar 
Published: June 2024

Introduction and objectivesThis study investigates key factors influencing dental caries risk in children aged 7 and under using machine learning techniques. By addressing dental caries’ prevalence, it aims to enhance early identification and preventative strategies for high-risk individuals.MethodsData from clinical examinations of 356 children were analyzed using Logistic Regression, Decision Trees, and Random Forests models. These models assessed the influence of dietary habits, fluoride exposure, and socio-economic status on caries risk, emphasizing accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and AUC metrics.ResultsPoor oral hygiene, high sugary diet, and low fluoride exposure were identified as significant caries risk factors. The Random Forest model demonstrated superior performance, illustrating the potential of machine learning in complex health data analysis. Our SHAP analysis identified poor oral hygiene, high sugary diet, and low fluoride exposure as significant caries risk factors.ConclusionMachine learning effectively identifies and quantifies dental caries risk factors in children. This approach supports targeted interventions and preventive measures, improving pediatric dental health outcomes.Clinical significanceBy leveraging machine learning to pinpoint crucial caries risk factors, this research lays the groundwork for data-driven preventive strategies, potentially reducing caries prevalence and promoting better dental health in children.
Saliva stress biomarkers in ERCP trainees before and after familiarisation with ERCP on a virtual simulator
Authors: Georgiou Konstantinos , Boyanov Nikola , Thanasas Dimitrios , Sandblom Gabriel , Linardoutsos Dimitrios , Enochsson Lars 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundStress during the early ERCP learning curve may interfere with acquisition of skills during training. The purpose of this study was to compare stress biomarkers in the saliva of trainees before and after familiarisation with ERCP exercises on a virtual simulator.MethodsAltogether 26 endoscopists under training, 14 women and 12 men, completed the three phases of this study: Phase 1. Three different ERCP procedures were performed on the simulator. Saliva for α-amylase (sAA), Chromogranin A (sCgA), and Cortisol (sC) were collected before (baseline), halfway through the exercise (ex.), and 10 min after completion of the exercise (comp.); Phase 2. A three-week familiarisation period where at least 30 different cases were performed on the virtual ERCP simulator; and Phase 3. Identical to Phase 1 where saliva samples were once again collected at baseline, during, and after the exercise. Percentage differences in biomarker levels between baseline and exercise (Diffex) and between baseline and completion (Diffcomp) during Phase 1 and Phase 3 were calculated for each stress marker.ResultsMean % changes, Diffex and Diffcomp, were significantly positive (p &lt; 0.05) for all markers in both Phase 1 and Phase 3. Diffex in Phase 1 was significantly greater than Diffex in Phase 3 (p &lt; 0.05) for sAA and sCgA. Diffcomp for sAA in Phase 1 was significantly greater than Diffcomp in Phase 3 (p &lt; 0.05). No significant differences were found in sC concentration between Phases 1 and 3.ConclusionThis study shows that familiarisation with the ERCP simulator greatly reduced stress as measured by the three saliva stress biomarkers used with sAA being the best. It also suggests that familiarisation with an ERCP simulator might reduce stress in the clinical setting.
‘Shapur’s Trench’ and the Sasanian-Arab Borders in the 4th through the 7th Century
Authors: Мишин Д.Е. 
Published: June 2024

Статья представляет собой попытку топологической реконструкции границы Сасанидской державы на западе и юго-западе. Эта граница защищала сасанидские владения от нападений со стороны арабов, вниз по Евфрату и из Аравии. Она опиралась на важнейший естественный барьер – реку, называемую в источниках ал-Атик; в качестве гипотезы её можно отождествить с нынешним западным рукавом Евфрата, Шатт ал-Хиндиййа. С западной стороны от ал-Атика ответвлялись один или несколько каналов; они составляли то, что средневековые авторы считали «Шапуровым рвом», т.е. рвом, который сасанидский царь Шапур II (307/8–379/80) прокопал между своими владениями и землями арабов. Узловыми пунктами защиты границы были Пероз-Шапур, Хира, Убулла и, возможно, Амгишийа. Их прикрывали крепости и сторожевые заставы, расположенные на важнейших путях коммуникаций; таковыми были крепости Евфрата для Пероз-Шапура, ал-Узайб и ал-Кадисиййа для Хиры, Вахиштабад Ардашир и ал-Манджашаниййа для Убуллы, Уллайс для Амгишайи. В некоторых местах строились и протяжённые укрепления (защитные стены), прикрывавшие открытые участки границы.
This article is an attempt to present a geographical re-construction of the Sasanid empire’s western and south-western borders. Those borders protected Sasanid possessions against Arabs’ attacks down Euphrates’ stream as well as from Arabia, and largely leant against an important natural barrier, the river named in the sources al-ˁAtīḳ, which hypothetically may in general be identified with Shaṭṭ al-Ḥilla, the present-day western branch of Euphrates. To the west from al-ˁAtīḳ, one or more channels branched off it; they were, in the extant sources, considered to be Shapur’s trench, or the trench which Sasanid king Shapur II (307/8–379/80) reportedly dug between his possessions and the Arabs’ lands. The key points of the border were Pērōz-Shāpūr, al-Ḥīra, Ubulla, and, possibly, Amghishiyā. They were protected by fortresses and castles which stood on major routes, such as fortresses on the Euphrates (for Pērōz-Shāpūr), al-ˁUdhayb and al-Ḳādisiyya for al-Ḥīra, Wahisht-ābād Ardashīr and al-Mandjāshāniyya (for Ubulla), and Ullays (for Amghishayā). In some places there were defensive walls which protected open sections of the border.
Arabs, Pre-Islamic Arabia, Sasanids, Shapur’s Trench
Between Mecca and Cairo: «Old» and «New» Sacred geography in the «Book of the Ravel» and Poetry of Nasir-i Khusraw (1004–1088)
Authors: Рейснер М.Л. 
Published: June 2024

Статья посвящена соотнесению экзотерического и эзотерического аспектов в описании Мекки и ритуалов хаджа в «Книге путешествия» (Сафар-нама) и поэтических произведениях выдающегося проповедника исмаилизма, религиозного философа и поэта Насир-и Хусрава Кубадийани. В исследовании также поднимается вопрос о стратегии Насир-и Хусрава по включению Каира как центра Фатимидского исмаилитского государства (909-1171) в сакральную географию ислама путем его апологетического описания в «Сафар-нама» и аллегорической репрезентации в качестве города истинного знания в проповеднических и аллегорических стихотворных произведениях. Исследование показывает, что разные способы описания одного и того же объекта (экзотерический – в прозе, эзотерический – в поэзии), призванные включить их в сферу сакральной географии ислама, моделируются в зависимости от ориентации сочинения на определенную аудиторию. Однако, расширение сакральной географии ислама путем включения в нее Каира в обоих отмеченных случаях – и в панегирических описаниях «Сафар-нама», и аллегорических касыдах – базируется на элементах устойчивого иранского концепта «города вечной весны», то есть города Золотого века.
The article is devoted to the correlation of exoteric and esoteric aspects in the description of Mecca and Hajj rituals in the «Book of Travel» (Safar-nama) and the poetic works of the outstanding preacher of Ismailism, religious philosopher and poet Nasir-i Khusraw Qubadiani. The study also raises the question of the strategy of Nasir-i Khusraw's inclusion of Cairo as the center of the Fatimid Ismaili state (909-1171) in the sacred geography of Islam by its apologetic description in the «Safar-nama» and allegorical representation in preaching and allegorical poetry as the city of true knowledge. The study shows that different ways of describing (exoteric – in prose, esoteric – in poetry) the same objects, including those included in the area of the sacred geography of Islam, are modeled by the purpose of the work and its focus on a specific audience. The expansion of the sacred geography of Islam by including Cairo in it is fixed in both ways, however, in the panegyric description in «Safar-nama» and in the allegorical qasida there are elements of the stable Iranian concept of the «City of Eternal Spring», that is, the city of the Golden Age.
Factors Associated with Antidiabetic Medications and Dietary Recommendation Adherence Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Dorvlo Godwin Gideon Kwaku , Kumah Augustine , Ofosu Samuel Kwabena , Afakorzi Stephen Henry , Avorgbedor Yvette Eyram , Obot Emmanuel , Nwogu Chinwe Nnenna , Rahman Malik Abdul , Ugorji Henry Okorie , Aidoo Lawrencia Antoinette , Dogbedo Anthony Bless , Issah Abdul - Razak , Fuseini Abigail Abiba , Kanamitie Deborah Terkperkie , Boni Gustav 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Diabetes mellitus is a global noncommunicable disease epidemic of public concern. Adherence poses a challenge to patients due to the long-term management of type 2 diabetes. This study assessed the factors associated with antidiabetic medications and dietary recommendation adherence among patients with type 2 diabetes in Ghana.

Methods
A hospital-based, cross-sectional study design was used to assess self-reported factors associated with antidiabetic medications and dietary recommendation adherence among 165 recruited type 2 diabetes patients who visited diabetic clinics of two selected municipal hospitals in the Volta region of Ghana. A structured questionnaire consisting of closed-ended questions was used. Phone calls were used to collect responses from participants using the structured questionnaire, which included the United Kingdom Diabetes Diet Questionnaire and Morisky Adherence Scale. Data collected were entered into a Microsoft Excel sheet and exported to STATA software (version 15) to analyze variables. Binary logistic regression was run to determine the association between the level of adherence (outcome variable) and the independent variables. A CI of 95% with a p-value of &lt; 0.05 was statistically significant.

Results
Self-reported factors were as follows: forgetfulness (p = 0.0001), taking medication (p = 0.006), difficulty remembering to take medication (p = 0.001), worry about long-term intake of drugs (p = 0.0001), choice of high-fiber diet (p = 0.037), intake of processed or refined carbohydrate (p = 0.049) alcohol intake (p = 0.033), age (p = 0.015), occupation (p = 0.009), and patient waiting time (p = 0.020) were found to have contributed to medication/dietary nonadherence among the participants.

Conclusion
Patient adherence was low. Health authorities in the two selected hospitals should develop strategies to reduce the problem of poor adherence.
A Critical Discourse Analysis of Active and Passive Voice in Three News Texts
Authors: Salem Ali Albawendi Asma 
Published: June 2024

This paper applies CDA (critical discourse analysis) to display the hidden relationship between language and power in the discourse of the media; it focuses on the issues which are related to the use of passive or active voice, and tries to investigate which forms of voice are used (passive or active). Data have been collected from three different news texts on the subject of Iraq War Logs. The data have been analysed by using the framework model of Fowler et al. [6] and the findings have been discussed within the framework which is provided by Fairclough, N. [4].
The results show that there is a hidden relationship between language and power in the discourse of the media. Access to the media discourse is limited to specific people only, while other people lack this access. Moreover, the types of voice (passive or active) that are used in different texts determine which sentences are more powerful.
شعر التهاني عند ابن زيدون
Authors: ارحومة جمعة الجالي مرعي 
Published: June 2024

يسعى هذا البحث إلى دراسة شعر التَّهاني من خلال مدائح ابن زيدون في بني جهور وبني عباد، التي تنوعت حسب المناسبة التي قيلت فيها، فمنها التهاني الدينية والسياسية والاجتماعية ، متبعًا المنهج التاريخي لهذه القصائد. وقد اشتمل البحث على مقدمة ومبحثين. تناولت المقدمة نبذة موجزة عن تاريخ التهاني، وتوظيف ابن زيدون للفظة التهنئة في شعره، كما تناولت أهمية البحث، والدراسات السابقة .
فالمبحث الأول تناول شعر التهاني في بني جهور.( أبي الحزم ، وابنه الوليد ).
واشتمل المبحث الثاني على شعر التهاني في بني عباد ( المعتضد، وابنه المعتمد ).
وأتبع البحث بخاتمة تضمنت أهم النتائج، منها: التهاني التي قيلت في بني جهور ارتبطت بالمناسبات الدينية، بينما ارتبطت التهاني في بني عباد بالانتصارات على خصومهم.
Assessment of Knowledge and Attitude Towards Oral Health and Periodontal Disease in Diabetic Patients among Libyan Physicians
Authors: Elbarasi Amelsaad , Mahfoud Salma , Elzaidy Nazeha 
Published: June 2024

Background: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the destruction of the supporting structures of the teeth. Emerging research suggests a bidirectional link between diabetes mellitus (DM) and periodontal disease (PD). This indicates that DM elevates the risk of developing PD, while periodontal inflammation may contribute to increased blood sugar levels and worsen glycemic control.
Aim: To determine the knowledge and attitude of internal medicine physicians towards oral health and periodontal disease in public and private diabetic clinics within the city of Benghazi, Libya.
Methods: A cross-sectional study among practicing physicians who treat diabetic patients in various clinics within the city limits of Benghazi, Libya. A structured questionnaire consisting of 30 questions was utilized to assess the physicians’ demographics, their understanding of periodontal disease, and their attitudes towards the oral health of diabetic patients.
Results: The study findings indicated that a positive attitude was more prevalent among female physicians (75%) than their male counterparts (25%). Conversely, a negative attitude was predominantly observed in senior house officers (93.8%), whereas consultants and physicians with over 10 years of experience demonstrated a positive attitude, accounting for 22.4% and 55.3% respectively. The data also revealed a statistically significant association between the attitude and knowledge level and the basic demographic characteristics of the participants, with a p-value < 0.05.
Conclusion: Although most physicians are aware of the impact that PD and DM have on overall patient health, a knowledge deficiency is evident among senior house officers. In contrast, consultants possess the most comprehensive knowledge. The physicians also expressed a willingness to enhance their understanding of PD to improve health outcomes for their diabetic patients.
On the Initial Spin Period Distribution of Neutron Stars
Authors: Du Shen-Shi , Liu Xiao-Jin , Chen Zu-Cheng , You Zhi-Qiang , Zhu Xing-Jiang , Zhu Zong-Hong 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We derive the initial spin period distribution of neutron stars by studying the population of young pulsars associated with supernova remnants. Our hierarchical Bayesian approach accounts for the measurement uncertainties of individual observations and selection effects. Without correcting for selection effects, as done in previous studies, we find that pulsar initial spin periods follow a Weibull distribution, peaking at 40 ms, which is favored against a lognormal distribution with a Bayes factor of 200. The known selection effects in radio pulsar surveys, including pulse broadening and period-dependent beaming fraction, have been quantitatively investigated. We show that, based on measurements of pulsar luminosity and spin period from the ATNF Pulsar Catalogue, the impact of pulse broadening on the inference of the pulsar period distribution is likely to be insignificant. Correcting for the beaming selection effect, the Weibull distribution remains the preferred model, while its peak slightly shifts to longer periods at 50 ms. Our method will prove useful in constraining the birth properties of neutron stars in the Square Kilometre Array era.
La tranchée supérieure de l’aqueduc du Gier à Saint-Joseph (Loire) : nouvelles données et synthèse
Authors: Blanc Kilian , Maza Guillaume 
Published: June 2024

En 2007, un diagnostic archéologique mené en amont de la construction d’un lotissement à Saint-Joseph (Loire), au lieu-dit Grange Blanche, a pour la première fois mis au jour un tronçon enterré de la tranchée supérieure de l’aqueduc du Gier, qu’elle double depuis Saint-Chamond (Loire) entre 10 et 15 m au-dessus de son radier et qui n’avait été jusque-là repérée que hors sol. La fouille qui a suivi a permis la reconnaissance de son tracé sur 89 m de long et un examen approfondi de son profil et de son comblement. Ces nouvelles données et la mise en place d’un projet d’étude pour les années à venir sur le siphon de la Durèze, la boucle qui permet son contournement et la tranchée supérieure ont été l’occasion de reprendre les études anciennes et d’en proposer une synthèse. S’il n’a pas été possible de préciser sa datation, les observations concernant son profil ont permis de proposer de nouvelles hypothèses quant à sa nature, soulignant l’importance de son intégration aux problématiques de tracé de l’aqueduc et d’adaptation de son parcours.
Des vestiges liés à la phase de construction de l’aqueduc de la Brévenne à Limonest (Métropole de Lyon) ?
Authors: Ardouin Stéphane , André-Chaze Cécile 
Published: June 2024

En mai 2014, la fouille d’un tronçon de l’aqueduc de la Brévenne à Limonest a permis de mettre au jour deux longs fossés à fond plat et parois verticales, s’élargissant au contact du canal. Perpendiculaires au conduit, ils ont été découverts comblés par des sédiments riches en matériaux de construction. La présence de creusements similaires sur d’autres tronçons à Limonest, Dardilly ou Lentilly suggère une fonction davantage liée à la construction qu’à la réparation de l’ouvrage.
Découverte d’une canalisation antique sur la colline de Fourvière à Lyon
Authors: Dessaint Philippe 
Published: June 2024

Le promontoire de Fourvière est traditionnellement considéré comme l’emplacement du forum dans la ville antique de Lugdunum. Toutefois, si le caractère monumental de l’occupation n’est pas contesté, d’autres hypothèses, comme la présence d’un sanctuaire, sont avancées. De récentes opérations ont été menées durant ces cinq dernières années. À cette occasion, deux tronçons d’une même conduite antique ont été mis au jour au nord et au sud de la basilique Notre-Dame, adossés à de puissantes maçonneries et formant retour à la perpendiculaire. Ce réseau hydraulique s’insère ainsi à l’intérieur d’un espace dont la longueur restituée est supérieure à 100 m. Si ses caractéristiques techniques évoquent celles d’un aqueduc, l’hypothèse d’un collecteur d’eau de ruissellement en lien avec une vaste place publique bordée de bâtiments peut également être avancée.
Markers of Bone Mineral Metabolism in Thyroid Disorders
Authors: Singh Ranvijay , Garg Sandeep , Aggarwal Sunita , Mahajan Bhawna , Pandit Sanjay , Mastebhakti Bhavana , Vijayakumar Sricharan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background and Aim:
Thyroid hormones are essential for normal skeletal development and bone metabolism. Despite various studies, the effect of thyroid hormone on bone metabolism has not been clearly understood. We studied the bone formation markers (procollagen type 1 N-propeptide [P1NP] and osteocalcin [OC]) and bone resorption markers (C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type 1 collagen [CTX] and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase [TRAP]) in patients with thyroid disorders and the effect of treatment on them. Furthermore, a study correlating these markers with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels was done.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study recruited 60 cases (40 – hypothyroid and 20 – hyperthyroid) and 20 controls based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. To evaluate the effect of treatment, cases were further subdivided based on the duration of treatment received into 0-month (newly diagnosed), 1–6-month, and >6-month treatment subgroups. Both the cases and control underwent a thorough history, clinical examination, and detailed investigation based on a predesigned proforma.

Results:
In hyperthyroidism with 0-month treatment subgroup, both formation (OC, P1NP) and resorption (CTX) markers were significantly increased compared to control (P < 0.05), which became insignificant on treatment (1–6 months) with antithyroid medication despite low TSH value. Contrarily, in hypothyroidism, a statistically significant (P < 0.05) lower mean value of markers (OC, P1NP, and CTX) was observed only in the subgroup with levothyroxine supplementation. In hyperthyroidism, both the formation (OC and P1NP) and resorption markers (CTX and TRAP) showed a strong negative (P < 0.001) correlation with TSH, the strength of correlation decreased, and became insignificant on treatment. In hypothyroidism, only P1NP and CTX showed an overall significant positive (P < 0.05) correlation with TSH.

Conclusion:
Hyperthyroidism has high bone turnover markers, which showed early reversibility of markers on treatment with antithyroid medication despite low TSH, whereas in hypothyroidism, significantly lower mean value of markers is seen only in the subgroup with levothyroxine supplementation, probably owing to the suppressive effect of TSH. P1NP and CTX showed high sensitivity in both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. The pattern of correlation between TSH and bone metabolism markers in hyperthyroidism suggests a direct negative effect of TSH on bone turnover, whereas in hypothyroidism, it either suggests TSH showing a positive correlation at a very high level which becomes negative as the TSH value decreases or TSH is not a dominant hormone regulating bone metabolism in hypothyroidism.
Lupus Enteritis: A Rare Presentation of Lupus Flare
Authors: Nagpal Swapan , Miglani Harleen Kaur 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Among the various manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus, lupus enteritis is an uncommon entity. A 14-year-old female, suffering from lupus, presented with abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss. A large hard palate ulcer, high erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and low complement levels led us to suspect lupus enteritis, which was subsequently confirmed by imaging and treated promptly. Accurate history, astute clinical examination, and contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan of the abdomen contribute invaluably to the diagnosis of this rare condition and distinction from its various mimics.