bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An approach to the diagnosis and management of systemic vasculitis
Authors: Miller A , Chan M , Wiik A , Misbah S A , Luqmani R A 
Published: January 2010

SummaryThe systemic vasculitides are a complex and often serious group of disorders which, while uncommon, require careful management in order to ensure optimal outcome. In most cases there is no known cause. Multi-system disease is likely to be fatal without judicious use of immunosuppression. A prompt diagnosis is necessary to preserve organ function. Comprehensive and repeated disease assessment is a necessary basis for planning therapy and modification of treatment protocols according to response. Therapies typically include glucocorticoids and, especially for small and medium vessel vasculitis, an effective immunosuppressive agent. Cyclophosphamide is currently the standard therapy for small vessel multi-system vasculitis, but other agents are now being evaluated in large randomized trials. Comorbidity is common in patients with vasculitis, including the cumulative effects of potentially toxic therapy. Long-term evaluation of patients is important in order to detect and manage relapses.
Tropical storm and environmental forcing on regional blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) settlement
Authors: EGGLESTON DAVID B. , REYNS NATHALIE B. , ETHERINGTON LISA L. , PLAIA GAYLE R. , XIE LIAN 
Published: January 2010

AbstractGlobal climate change is predicted to increase the frequency and magnitude of hurricanes, typhoons and other extreme cyclonic disturbance events, with little known consequences for recruitment dynamics of marine species that rely on wind‐driven larval transport to coastal settlement and nursery habitats. We conducted a large‐scale settlement study of the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) in the Croatan‐Albemarle‐Pamlico Estuarine System (CAPES) in North Carolina, the second largest estuary in the US, during a 10‐yr period that encompassed 35 tropical storms of varying magnitudes and tracks, to determine the effects of hurricane track, wind speed and direction as well as lunar‐associated explanatory variables on spatiotemporal variation in settlement. The results suggest that much of the spatiotemporal variation in blue crab settlement within the CAPES is due to a combination of: (i) stochastic, meteorological events such as the number of tropical storm days during the fall recruitment season (∼28% of the monthly variation explained), (ii) the frequency and duration of wind events blowing toward the southwest and, to a lesser degree, (iii) periodic events such as hours of dark flood tide. Tropical storms and hurricanes expand the blue crab nursery capacity of the CAPES. The benefits of hurricane‐forcing to megalopal settlement was dependent upon the storm track, with highest settlement events generally associated with ‘onshore’ storm tracks that made landfall from the ocean and moved inland along a southeasterly/northwesterly path, or ‘coastal’ storms that followed a path roughly parallel to the coastline and were located <300 km offshore of the coast.
Moveout approximation for horizontal transversely isotropic and vertical transversely isotropic layered medium. Part I: 1D ray propagation‡
Authors: Ravve Igor , Koren Zvi 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTAnisotropy in subsurface geological models is primarily caused by two factors: sedimentation in shale/sand layers and fractures. The sedimentation factor is mainly modelled by vertical transverse isotropy (VTI), whereas the fractures are modelled by a horizontal transversely isotropic medium (HTI). In this paper we study hyperbolic and non‐hyperbolic normal reflection moveout for a package of HTI/VTI layers, considering arbitrary azimuthal orientation of the symmetry axis at each HTI layer. We consider a local 1D medium, whose properties change vertically, with flat interfaces between the layers. In this case, the horizontal slowness is preserved; thus, the azimuth of the phase velocity is the same for all layers of the package. In general, however, the azimuth of the ray velocity differs from the azimuth of the phase velocity. The ray azimuth depends on the layer properties and may be different for each layer. In this case, the use of the Dix equation requires projection of the moveout velocity of each layer on the phase plane. We derive an accurate equation for hyperbolic and high‐order terms of the normal moveout, relating the traveltime to the surface offset, or alternatively, to the subsurface reflection angle. We relate the azimuth of the surface offset to its magnitude (or to the reflection angle), considering short and long offsets. We compare the derived approximations with analytical ray tracing.
The effect of dentine‐bonding agents on substance P release in human dental pulp
Authors: Caviedes‐Bucheli J. , Correa‐Ortiz J. A. , Ballestero A. C. , Jimenez M. , Munoz A. , Rivero C. , Lombana N. , Munoz H. R. 
Published: January 2010

Caviedes‐Bucheli J, Correa‐Ortiz JA, Ballestero AC, Jimenez M, Munoz A, Rivero C, Lombana N, Munoz HR.The effect of dentine‐bonding agents on substance P release in human dental pulp.International Endodontic Journal,43, 95–101, 2010.AbstractAim To quantify the effect of dentine‐bonding agents on Substance P (SP) release in healthy human dental pulp tissue.Methodology Forty pulp samples were obtained from healthy pre‐molars where extraction was indicated for orthodontic reasons. In thirty of these pre‐molars, a standardized Class V cavity preparation was performed, and teeth were divided equally into three groups: (i) Unetched‐cavity control group: Class V cavities only; (ii) Experimental Group I: ‘One‐step’ self‐etch bonding agent was placed in the cavity; and (iii) Experimental Group II: ‘Two‐step’ total‐etch bonding agent was placed in the cavity. The remaining ten healthy pre‐molars where extracted without treatment and served as an intact‐teeth control group. SP was measured by radioimmunoassay.Results Greater SP release was found in the ‘one‐step’ bonding agent group, followed by the ‘two‐step’ bonding agent group and the unetched‐cavity control group. The lower SP values were for the intact‐teeth control group.anovashowed statistically significant differences between groups (P = 0.0001). Tukey HSDpost hoctests showed statistically significant differences in SP release between the intact‐teeth control group and the three other groups (P < 0.01) and between the unetched‐cavity control group and the ‘one‐step’ bonding agent group (P < 0.05). No significant difference was found between the ‘two‐step’ bonding agent and the unetched‐cavity control group.Conclusion Dentine‐bonding agents placed over Class V cavity preparations increased SP release. One‐step dentine‐bonding agents increased SP release most.
Critical role of NFATc1 in periapical lesions
Authors: Zhang C. , Yang L. , Peng B. 
Published: January 2010

Zhang C, Yang L, Peng B. Critical role of NFATc1 in periapical lesions. International Endodontic Journal, 43, 109–114, 2010.AbstractAim  To observe NFATc1 expression in experimental periapical lesions in rats.Methodology  Apical periodontitis was induced in Wistar rats by occlusal pulp exposure in mandibular first molar teeth. After exposure, 30 rats were killed on days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28. The jaws that contained the first molar were removed and prepared for histological examination, immunohistochemistry and enzyme histochemistry.Results  From day 0 to day 28, the areas of periapical bone loss and the number of NFATc1‐positive cells increased, peaking on day 28. The number of TRAP‐positive cells increased substantially from day 0 to day 14 and then gradually decreased from day 14 to day 28.Conclusions  NFATc1 was detected and possibly involved in the inflammatory response and bone resorption of periapical tissues, as well as being associated with periapical lesion pathogenesis.
The efficacy of R‐Endo® rotary NiTi and stainless‐steel hand instruments to remove gutta‐percha and Resilon
Authors: Fenoul G. , Meless G. D. , Pérez F. 
Published: January 2010

Fenoul G, Meless GD, Pérez F. The efficacy of R‐Endo® rotary NiTi and stainless‐steel hand instruments to remove gutta‐percha and Resilon. International Endodontic Journal, 43, 135–141, 2010.AbstractAim  To evaluate the efficacy of the R‐Endo® rotary nickel titanium instrumentation system and hand instrumentation to remove gutta‐percha or Resilon® from root canals.Methodology  Eighty single‐rooted teeth with straight canals were selected, the pulp chamber was opened, and the canals prepared to a size 30, 0.04 taper. The teeth were divided randomly into two groups of 40 each for root filling with gutta‐percha + MMSeal® sealer or Resilon® + RealSeal® sealer. After storage, each group was divided into two subgroups, and material was removed with Hedström files or with R‐Endo® instrumentation. Times to reach the working length and to eliminate filling material were recorded. Root canal walls were examined using scanning electron microscope to evaluate material remnants on each third. The presence of material was measured according to a score scale. The Student’s t‐test was used to determine significant differences between mean values of time and remaining material (P < 0.05).Results  No significant differences occurred between thirds, material or removal technique regarding remaining filling debris (P > 0.05). However, times to reach the working length and for removal of filling were lower with R‐Endo® than with Hedström files (P < 0.0001).Conclusions  Both instrumentation techniques left filling material inside the root canal and mainly in the apical third. There was no difference between the instrumentation techniques.
Ex vivo performance of five methods for root canal length determination in primary anterior teeth
Authors: Mello‐Moura A. C. V. , Moura‐Netto C. , Araki A. T. , Guedes‐Pinto A. C. , Mendes F. M. 
Published: January 2010

Mello‐Moura ACV, Moura‐Netto C, Araki AT, Guedes‐Pinto AC, Mendes FM.
Ex vivo performance of five methods for root canal length determination in primary anterior teeth. International Endodontic Journal, 43, 142–147, 2010.AbstractAim  To evaluate in a laboratory setting the performance of five methods for the determination of root canal length in primary anterior teeth.Methodology  Twenty extracted primary incisors, with at least two‐thirds of the root, were used. After access cavity preparation, the teeth were embedded in alginate mixed with 0.9% sodium chloride solution. One operator determined root canal length using tactile sense (T), conventional radiography (RAD), tactile sense and conventional radiography (T + RAD), digital radiography (RDIG) and Root ZX electronic apex locator (EAL) methods. Next, the actual length (AL) was visually determined using a K‐file from the coronal reference to the apical foramen or apical resorption level. The measurements obtained through each method were compared to the AL using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with the limits of agreement calculated with Bland and Altman analysis. The measurements were classified as acceptable (±1 mm from the AL) or not (>1 mm shorter or longer), and the McNemar test was employed for method comparison.Results  Differences, limits of agreement and ICCs for each method were respectively EAL = −0.29; −1.02 to 0.44; 0.990; T + RAD = 0.17; −2.18 to 2.51; 0.929; RAD = 0.50; −3.41 to 4.41; 0.818; RDIG = 0.95; −3.76 to 5.65; 0.700; and T = −0.48; −5.59 to 4.64; 0.499. The most accurate and acceptable method was the EAL, followed by the T + RAD.Conclusion  The EAL method performed best for root canal length determination in primary teeth.
Promoting the health of people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: patients’ and carers’ views
Authors: Caress Ann , Luker Karen , Chalmers Karen 
Published: January 2010

Aims and objectives.  The aim of this study was to generate in‐depth insights into patients’ and family members’ understanding of the causation, progression and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and the role of health promotion with this population. In particular, we were interested in identifying the ways patients and family members considered that they could maximise their (patients’) health, in the presence of this disease.Background.  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is highly prevalent and a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, impacting on quality of life and healthcare expenditure. Health promotion is, therefore, an important consideration. There are few examples in the literature of health promotion programmes for this population, including those directed at smoking cessation, which also focus on the family or significant others.Design.  An exploratory, descriptive design was employed.Method.  Semi‐structured, audio‐recorded interviews were conducted with 14 patients and 12 family caregivers. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed using content analysis procedures which captured the meaning of the data.Results.  The three main themes were ‘health promotion: what’s that?’, ‘community resources for health promotion’ and ‘it wasn’t just the smoking’. Many participants seemed unaware that their health might benefit from a healthier life style and provided little spontaneous information on any activities they carried out to maintain or improve their health.Conclusions.  This study highlighted a dearth of health promoting activity amongst people affected by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The reality for most patients was to manage the day‐to‐day demands that the symptoms of the disease imposed on them. Our data suggest that a more wide‐ranging approach, encompassing aspects of health promotion, might be welcomed by many patients and their family carers.Relevance to clinical practice.  The findings from this study highlight gaps in patients’ and carers’ understanding of the potential role of health promotion in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and areas for intervention by health professionals. With the increase in smoking rates of women and predicted future increases in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, it is imperative that health professionals find effective ways to provide support and health promotive care for patients and families.
The Irish nursing minimum data set for mental health – a valid and reliable tool for the collection of standardised nursing data
Authors: Morris Roisin , MacNeela Padraig , Scott Anne , Treacy Margaret P , Hyde Abbey , Matthews Anne , Morrison Todd , Drennan Jonathan , Byrne Anne 
Published: January 2010

Aims and objectives.  To test the validity and reliability of the newly developed Irish Nursing Minimum Data Set for mental health (I‐NMDS (MH)) to ensure its clinical usability.Background.  Internationally, difficulties exist in defining the contribution mental health nursing makes to patient care. Structured information systems, like the Nursing Minimum Data Set, have been developed internationally to gather standardised information to increase the visibility of nursing in the health care system.Design.  This study employed a quantitative, longitudinal research design.Method.  A convenience sample of mental health nurses (n = 184) collected data on the nursing care of patients (n = 367) from care settings attached to 11 hospitals across Ireland. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), ridit analysis and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient were used to establish the construct and discriminative validity and scale score reliability of the I‐NMDS (MH).Results.  Goodness of Fit scores indicated that the I‐NMDS (MH) possesses good construct validity. Alpha coefficients for each factor were above the recommended 0·7 level. Ridit analysis inferred that the I‐NMDS (MH) discriminated between elements of nursing care across acute inpatient and community based care settings.Conclusions.  The I‐NMDS (MH) possesses a sound theoretical base, has scale score reliability and possesses good discriminative validity. The valid and reliable I‐NMDS (MH) is the first NMDS to be developed specifically for mental health.Relevance to clinical practice.  Data collected using the I‐NMDS (MH) will increase the visibility of the contribution mental health nurses make to healthcare delivery. In addition, it will support evidence based practice in mental health to improve further the effectiveness of nursing care in the future.
A systematic review and meta‐ethnography of the qualitative literature: experiences of the menarche
Authors: Chang Yu‐Ting , Hayter Mark , Wu Shu‐Chen 
Published: January 2010

Aim.  This article is a report of a systematic review and meta‐ethnography of women’s experience of menarche.Background.  Adolescents may experience menarche at different ages, but menarche remains an important milestone in the female maturation process, representing the transition from childhood to womanhood.Design.  Systematic review and meta‐ethnography.Methods.  Electronic databases were systematically searched and supplemented with reference lists searching. Qualitative studies of women’s experience of menarche were purposely selected and questions proposed by the critical appraisal skills programme was adapted and used to assess papers prior to synthesis. Key themes and concepts were extracted and synthesised using meta‐ethnography.Results.  Fourteen studies on menarche experience were identified. The majority of studies were descriptive. Five key concepts were identified from all 14 papers as being descriptive of women’s experience of menarche. These included: menarche preparation, significant others’ response to menarche, physical experience of menarche, psychological experience of menarche and social‐cultural perspective of menarche.Conclusions.  Menarche experience had a major impact on women. Women went through physical, psychological and social‐culture changes when their first menstrual flow came. Menarche preparation has been shown to have a beneficial impact on the menarcheal woman. School nurses have accurate knowledge about sexual health; they can and should provide appropriate menstrual education.Relevance to clinical practice.  The findings can be used by school nurses working with adolescents as the basis for a framework of intervention strategies directed towards helping adolescents to better accept their menarche and transition into womanhood.
The functions of hospital‐based home care for people with severe mental illness in Taiwan
Authors: Huang Xuan‐Yi , Lin Mei‐Jue , Yang Tuz‐Ching , Hsu Yuan‐Shan 
Published: January 2010

Aims and objectives. The purposes of this study were to understand the functions of hospital‐based home care for people with severe mental illness in Taiwan, and the factors that affect functions of professionals who provide hospital‐based home care.Background. Hospital‐based home care is a service which provides those people with serious mental illnesses who are in crisis and who are candidates for admission to hospital. Home care has been shown to have several advantages over inpatient treatment. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the functions of hospital‐based home care for people with severe mental illness in Taiwan.Design. This qualitative study was based on the grounded theory method of Strauss and Corbin.Methods. The study was conducted in six different hospital areas in central Taiwan in 2007–2008. Data were collected using semi‐structured face‐to‐face interviews. Constant comparative analysis continued during the open, axial and selective coding processes until data saturation occurred. Participants were selected by theoretical sampling. When theoretical saturation was achieved, 21 clients with mental illness, 19 carers and 25 professionals were interviewed.Results. Several functions were found when these professionals provided hospital‐based home care services for people with severe mental illness in Taiwan, including stabilising the clients illness, supplying emergency care services, improving life‐coping abilities, employment and welfare assistance, emotional support for both clients and carers, assistance with future and long‐term arrangements and assistance with communication between carers and clients.Conclusion. Hospital‐based home care provides several important services for helping clients and their families to live in the community.Relevance to clinical practice. The recommendations based on the findings of this study can be used as a guide to improve the delivery of hospital‐based home care services to community‐dwelling clients with severe mental illness and their carers.
Nurses’ management of adolescent sleep disturbance: a qualitative study
Authors: Vallido Tamara , Jackson Debra , O’Brien Louise 
Published: January 2010

Aims and objectives.  To evaluate nurses’ knowledge of adolescent sleep and sleep disturbance and the strategies they employ to facilitate sleep in adolescent patients.Background.  Sleep disturbance in adolescents is common and associated with potentially devastating outcomes and co‐morbidities. Despite this, little literature exists that reports nursing interventions related to facilitating sleep, and no literature could be located that explored what Australian nurses know about adolescent sleep and sleep disturbance.Design.  Qualitative.Method. Eight nurses routinely involved in the care of adolescent patients were interviewed via email and instant messaging over a five month period. Explored was the formation and extent of knowledge held by these nurses about adolescent sleep and sleep disturbance and the strategies they used to facilitate sleep in adolescent patients. Data were analysed thematically.Results.  Three main themes were identified: ‘A patchwork of experiences’, ‘Traditional remedies, personal beliefs and commonsense’ and ‘Drugs, doctors and disempowerment’.Conclusions.  Despite a lack of formal education about adolescent sleep and sleep disturbance, through life and professional experience the nurses in this study had formulated effective strategies to assist the sleep of adolescent patients.Relevance to clinical practice.  There is a need for nursing education regarding adolescent sleep issues. Providing rationales for nursing strategies would afford nurses greater confidence to strongly advocate for a more non‐pharmacological approach to managing certain types of sleep disturbance. Initiating routine assessment of adolescent sleep in both hospital and community settings could be beneficial to detecting a range of difficulties adolescent patients may be experiencing.
Digital tools and challenges to institutional traditions of learning: technologies, social memory and the performative nature of learning
Authors: Säljö R. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to offer some reflections on the relationships between digital technologies and learning. It is argued that activities of learning, as they have been practised within institutionalized schooling, are coming under increasing pressure from the developments of digital technologies and the capacities to store, access and manipulate information that such resources offer. Thus, the technologies do not merely support learning; they transform how we learn and how we come to interpret learning. The metaphors of learning currently emerging as relevant in the new media ecology emphasize the transformational and performative nature of such activities, and of knowing in general. These developments make the hybrid nature of human knowing and learning obvious; what we know and master is, to an increasing extent, a function of the mediating tools we are familiar with. At a theoretical and practical level, this implies that the interdependences between human agency, minds, bodies and technologies have to serve as foundations when attempting to understand and improve learning. Attempts to account for what people know without integrating their mastery of increasingly sophisticated technologies into the picture will lack ecological validity.