bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analgesic properties of loperamide differ following systemic and local administration to rats after spinal nerve injury
Authors: Chung C. , Carteret A.F. , McKelvy A.D. , Ringkamp M. , Yang F. , Hartke T.V. , Dong X. , Raja S.N. , Guan Y. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe analgesic properties and mechanisms of loperamide hydrochloride, a peripherally acting opioid receptor agonist, in neuropathic pain warrant further investigation.MethodsWe examined the effects of systemic or local administration of loperamide on heat and mechanical hyperalgesia in rats after an L5 spinal nerve ligation (SNL).Results (1) Systemic loperamide (0.3–10 mg/kg, subcutaneous in the back) dose dependently reversed heat hyperalgesia in SNL rats, but did not produce thermal analgesia. Systemic loperamide (3 mg/kg) did not induce thermal antinociception in naïve rats; (2) systemic loperamide‐induced anti‐heat hyperalgesia was blocked by pretreatment with intraperitoneal naloxone methiodide (5 mg/kg), but not by intraperitoneal naltrindole (5 mg/kg) or intrathecal naltrexone (20 μg/10 μL); (3) local administration of loperamide (150 μg), but not vehicle, into plantar or dorsal hind paw tissue induced thermal analgesia in SNL rats and thermal antinociception in naïve rats; (4) the analgesic effect of intraplantar loperamide (150 μg/15 μL) in SNL rats at 45 min, but not 10 min, post‐injection was blocked by pretreatment with an intraplantar injection of naltrexone (75 μg/10 μL); (5) systemic (3.0 mg/kg) and local (150 μg) loperamide reduced the exaggerated duration of hind paw elevation to noxious pinprick stimuli in SNL rats. Intraplantar injection of loperamide also decreased the frequency of pinprick‐evoked response in naïve rats.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that both systemic and local administration of loperamide induce an opioid receptor‐dependent inhibition of heat and mechanical hyperalgesia in nerve‐injured rats, but that local paw administration of loperamide also induces thermal and mechanical antinociception.
Cerebral excitability is abnormal in patients with painful chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Olesen S.S. , Hansen T.M. , Graversen C. , Valeriani M. , Drewes A.M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackgroundWe investigated whether patients with painful chronic pancreatitis (CP) present abnormalities in the cerebral response to experimental pain stimuli.MethodsContact heat‐evoked potentials (CHEPS) were recorded in 15 patients with CP and in 15 healthy volunteers during repetitive stimulation of the upper abdominal region (pancreatic ‘viscerotome’) and the right forearm (heterologous area). Three sequences of painful stimuli were applied at each site. Subjective pain scores were assessed by a visual analogue scale. Habituation was calculated as the relative change in CHEPS amplitudes between the first and the third stimulation sequence.ResultsAs expected pain scores decreased in healthy volunteers during successive stimulations at both sites (i.e., habituation), while in the CP group, they remained unchanged. The cerebral response consisted of an early‐latency, low‐amplitude response (N1, contralateral temporal region) followed by a late, high‐amplitude, negative–positive complex (N2/P2, vertex). During successive stimulation of the pancreatic area, N2/P2 amplitude increased 25% in CP patients, while they decreased 20% in healthy volunteers (p = 0.006). After stimulation of the forearm, N2/P2 amplitudes increased 3% in CP patients compared to a decrease of 20% in healthy volunteers (p = 0.06).ConclusionsTaken together, CP patients had an abnormal cerebral response to repetitive thermal stimuli. This was most prominent after stimulation of the upper abdominal area. As this area share spinal innervation with the pancreatic gland, these findings likely mirror distinctive abnormalities in cerebral pain processing.
Aldehyde-stress resulting from Aldh2 mutation promotes osteoporosis due to impaired osteoblastogenesis
Authors: Hoshi Hiroko , Hao Wu , Fujita Yoshinari , Funayama Atsushi , Miyauchi Yoshiteru , Hashimoto Kazuaki , Miyamoto Kana , Iwasaki Ryotaro , Sato Yuiko , Kobayashi Tami , Miyamoto Hiroya , Yoshida Shigeyuki , Mori Tomoaki , Kanagawa Hiroya , Katsuyama Eri , Fujie Atsuhiro , Kitagawa Kyoko , Nakayama Keiichi I. , Kawamoto Toshihiro , Sano Motoaki , Fukuda Keiichi , Ohsawa Ikuroh , Ohta Shigeo , Morioka Hideo , Matsumoto Morio , Chiba Kazuhiro , Toyama Yoshiaki , Miyamoto Takeshi 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Osteoporosis is a complex disease with various causes, such as estrogen loss, genetics, and aging. Here we show that a dominant-negative form of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) protein, ALDH2*2, which is produced by a single nucleotide polymorphism (rs671), promotes osteoporosis due to impaired osteoblastogenesis. Aldh2 plays a role in alcohol-detoxification by acetaldehyde-detoxification; however, transgenic mice expressing Aldh2*2 (Aldh2*2 Tg) exhibited severe osteoporosis with increased levels of blood acetaldehyde without alcohol consumption, indicating that Aldh2 regulates physiological bone homeostasis. Wild-type osteoblast differentiation was severely inhibited by exogenous acetaldehyde, and osteoblastic markers such as osteocalcin, runx2, and osterix expression, or phosphorylation of Smad1,5,8 induced by bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) was strongly altered by acetaldehyde. Acetaldehyde treatment also inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in osteoblasts. The Aldh2*2 transgene or acetaldehyde treatment induced accumulation of the lipid-oxidant 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4HNE) and expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), a transcription factor that promotes adipogenesis and inhibits osteoblastogenesis. Antioxidant treatment inhibited acetaldehyde-induced proliferation-loss, apoptosis, and PPARγ expression and restored osteoblastogenesis inhibited by acetaldehyde. Treatment with a PPARγ inhibitor also restored acetaldehyde-mediated osteoblastogenesis inhibition. These results provide new insight into regulation of osteoporosis in a subset of individuals with ALDH2*2 and in alcoholic patients and suggest a novel strategy to promote bone formation in such osteopenic diseases. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
An Acvr1 R206H knock-in mouse has fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva
Authors: Chakkalakal Salin A , Zhang Deyu , Culbert Andria L , Convente Michael R , Caron Robert J , Wright Alexander C , Maidment Andrew DA , Kaplan Frederick S , Shore Eileen M 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP; MIM #135100) is a debilitating genetic disorder of dysregulated cellular differentiation characterized by malformation of the great toes during embryonic skeletal development and by progressive heterotopic endochondral ossification postnatally. Patients with these classic clinical features of FOP have the identical heterozygous single nucleotide substitution (c.617G &gt; A; R206H) in the gene encoding ACVR1/ALK2, a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type I receptor. Gene targeting was used to develop an Acvr1 knock-in model for FOP (Acvr1R206H/+). Radiographic analysis of Acvr1R206H/+ chimeric mice revealed that this mutation induced malformed first digits in the hind limbs and postnatal extraskeletal bone formation, recapitulating the human disease. Histological analysis of murine lesions showed inflammatory infiltration and apoptosis of skeletal muscle followed by robust formation of heterotopic bone through an endochondral pathway, identical to that seen in patients. Progenitor cells of a Tie2+ lineage participated in each stage of endochondral osteogenesis. We further determined that both wild-type (WT) and mutant cells are present within the ectopic bone tissue, an unexpected finding that indicates that although the mutation is necessary to induce the bone formation process, the mutation is not required for progenitor cell contribution to bone and cartilage. This unique knock-in mouse model provides novel insight into the genetic regulation of heterotopic ossification and establishes the first direct in vivo evidence that the R206H mutation in ACVR1 causes FOP. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Changes in bone biomarker concentrations and musculoskeletal symptoms among breast cancer patients initiating aromatase inhibitor therapy and women without a history of cancer
Authors: Gallicchio Lisa , MacDonald Ryan , Wood Bethany , Rushovich Errol , Fedarko Neal S , Helzlsouer Kathy J 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The objectives of this study were to examine: (1) changes in bone formation (osteocalcin) and bone resorption (cross-linked N-telopeptides of bone type I collagen [NTXs]) markers, as well as calcium, phosphorus, and intact parathyroid hormone, over the first 6 months of aromatase inhibitor (AI) therapy among a cohort of breast cancer patients compared with a group of unexposed women without a history of cancer; and (2) whether bone marker changes were associated with musculoskeletal pain. Eligible breast cancer patients (n = 49) and postmenopausal women without a history of cancer (n = 117) were recruited and followed for 6 months. At baseline, 3 months, and 6 months, a questionnaire was administered to assess pain and medication use, and a blood sample was drawn. Results showed that, among the breast cancer patients, calcium concentrations decreased significantly (−7.8% change; p = 0.013) and concentrations of NTXs increased significantly from baseline to 6 months (9.6% change; p = 0.012). Changes were not observed for women in the comparison group. Statistically significant differences in percent change between the breast cancer patients and the women in the comparison group were observed for calcium at 6 months (−7.8% versus 0.0%; p = 0.025), phosphorus at 6 months (−5.1% versus 16.7%; p = 0.003), NTXs at 6 months (9.6% versus −0.7%; p = 0.017), and osteocalcin at 6 months (11.5% versus −3.6%; p = 0.016). No statistically significant associations were observed between bone turnover marker changes and musculoskeletal pain among the breast cancer patients, although baseline NTXs were higher among women with onset or increase in pain compared with those reporting no pain (p = 0.08). Findings from this study suggest that AIs cause changes in bone turnover during the first 6 months of treatment; however, these changes are not associated with musculoskeletal pain. Breast cancer patients initiating AI therapy should be assessed and monitored for fracture risk using known clinical risk factors, including bone density, and managed appropriately. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Application of MCM‐41‐SO3H as an Advanced Nanocatalyst for the Solvent Free Synthesis of Pyrano[3,2‐c]pyridine Derivatives
Authors: Rostamizadeh Shahnaz , Shadjou Nasrin , Hasanzadeh Mohammad 
Published: April 2012

AbstractMCM‐41‐SO3H, an ordered mesoporous silica material in which MCM‐41 with covalently anchored sulfonic acid groups was used as an acidic catalyst for the rapid and ‘green’ synthesis of pyrano[3,2‐c]pyridine derivatives under solvent‐free conditions. Reusability of the catalyst, high yields, short reaction times, simplicity and easy workup are advantages of this novel synthetic procedure compared to the conventional methods reported in the literature.
Reaction Dynamics with Molecular Beams and Oriented Molecular Beams: A Tool for Looking Closer to Chemical Reactions and Photodissociations
Authors: Kasai Toshio , Che Dock‐Chil , Tsai Po‐Yu , Lin King‐Chuen 
Published: April 2012

AbstractExperimental studies on reaction dynamics by use of molecular beams and oriented molecular beams are reviewed in order for looking closer to chemical reactions as well as photodissociations at the molecular level. We discuss about versatility and usefulness of the electrostatic hexapole sate‐selector as a non‐destructive selector for molecular structure analysis. Some experimental evidences on novel reaction dynamics in photodissociation and stereodynamics are presented followed by concluding remarks and future perspectives for controlling chemical reactions from the point of view of green chemistry, by manipulating molecular orientation without any catalyst nor by applying any external forces like intense electromagnetic field.
Regenerated cellulose membrane prepared with ionic liquid 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride as solvent using wheat straw
Authors: Chen Hong‐Zhang , Wang Ning , Liu Li‐Ying 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Currently, cellulose membranes are prepared by cellulose acetate hydrolysis or chemical derivatization dissolution and regeneration using cotton pulp or wood pulp. In this study, the concept ‘lignocelluloses biorefinery’ was used, and good quality long fiber was fractionated from wheat straw using clean technologies. The objective of this study is to develop wheat straw cellulose to prepare regenerated cellulose membrane with ionic liquid 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl) as solvent.RESULTS: Wheat straw cellulose (WSC) fractionated from wheat straw contained 93.6% α‐cellulose and the degree of polymerization (DP) was 580. WSC was dissolved directly without derivatization in [BMIM]Cl. With increase in dissolving temperature, the DP of the regenerated cellulose dropped, which resulted in a decrease in the intensity of regenerated cellulose membrane. After regeneration in [BMIM]Cl, the WSC transformed from cellulose I to cellulose II, and the crystallinity of the regenerated cellulose was lower than the original cellulose. The regenerated WSC membrane had good mechanical performance and permeability, the tensile strength and breaking elongation were 170 MPa and 6.4%, respectively, the pure water flux was 238.9 L m−2 h−1 at 0.3 MPa pressure, and the rejection of BSA was stabilized at about 97%.CONCLUSION: Wheat straw cellulose fractionated from wheat straw satisfied the requirement to prepare regenerated cellulose membrane using ionic liquid [BMIM]Cl as solvent. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Optimization of the enzymatic hydrolysis conditions of steam‐exploded wheat straw for maximum glucose and xylose recovery
Authors: Marcos Mónica , García‐Cubero María Teresa , González‐Benito Gerardo , Coca Mónica , Bolado Silvia , Lucas Susana 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: The enzymatic hydrolysis of steam‐exploded wheat straw using commercial enzyme complexes has been studied. A cellulase enzyme complex (Accellerase 1500), along with specific xylanase complements (Accellerase‐XC and Accellerase‐XY) provided by Genencor, have been used to enhance glucose and xylose recovery.A systematic study with response surface methodology (RSM) was used to check the effect of the operating conditions: pH (4–5), temperature (50–60 °C) and enzyme/substrate ratio (0.1–0.5 mL gcellulose−1) on the enzymatic hydrolysis with Acellerase 1500 to maximize the sugar yield. Xylanases were used as complements to increase the release of xylose.RESULT: Statistical results from ANOVA analysis demonstrated that the enzymatic hydrolysis was clearly improved by temperature and enzyme/substrate ratio. The optimum conditions for higher glucose and xylose releases were obtained with the higher enzyme dosage ratio (0.5 mL g−1cellulose), 50 °C and pH 4.CONCLUSION: Model validation at optimum operating conditions showed good agreement between the experimental results and the predicted responses for a confidence level of 95%.The use of the xylanase complements, Accellerase‐XY (accessory xylanase enzyme complex) and Accellerase‐XC (accessory xylanase/cellulase enzyme complex), increases the conversion of hemicellulose. Accellerase‐XC supplementation was more effective, obtaining an increase in yields of glucose and xylose of 11.8% and 23.6%, respectively, using a dosage of 0.125 mL g−1cellulose. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Immunohistochemical localization of cathepsin D and a possible role of melanocytes during tail resorption in tadpoles of a tropical toad
Authors: Mahapatra Cuckoo , Mahapatra Pravati Kumari 
Published: April 2012

AbstractProgrammed cell death during anuran tail resorption is primarily brought about by apoptosis. Cathepsin D, a lysosomal aspartyl protease, is involved in the death of tail tissues. Thus, anuran tail resorption presents an ideal model to study cathepsin‐mediated cell death during vertebrate development. Present study describes the trend of specific activity of cathepsin D in the tail of different developmental stages and immunohistochemical localization of cathepsin D in the tail tissues of the common Asian toad, Duttaphrynus melanostictus. Cathepsin D was involved in programmed cell death in epidermis, muscle, spinal cord, and blood cells in the resorbing tail. Interestingly, it was also involved in the pre‐resorbing tail before visible tail resorption which indicates initiation of cell death even before actually the tail resorbs. Melanocytes were found to be one of the causative agents in degrading tail tissues and were associated with the degradation of muscle, epidermis and spinal cord of the resorbing tail. J. Morphol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An improved truly meshless method based on a new shape function and nodal integration
Authors: Razmjoo Hooman , Movahhedi Masoud , Hakimi Ahmad 
Published: April 2012

SUMMARYAn improved truly meshless method is presented for three‐dimensional (3D) electromagnetic problems. In the proposed method, the computational time for the construction of the introduced shape function is lower than the other meshless methods considerably. An efficient and stable nodal integration technique based on the Taylor series extension is also used in the proposed meshless method. Weak‐form formulations adopted for creating discretized system equations of electrostatic and electromagnetic 3D problems are also presented. In the proposed fast truly meshless method, unlike in traditional meshless schemes where background mesh is utilized to compute integrals, nodal integration is used to avoid meshing. The numerical solutions for electrostatic and electromagnetic problems show that the presented method is a robust meshfree method and possesses better computational properties compared with traditional meshless methods. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Main moisture sources affecting lower Yangtze River Basin in boreal summers during 2004–2009
Authors: Bin Chen , Xiang‐De Xu , Tianliang Zhao 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis study presented a quantitative climatology of atmospheric moisture affecting the Yangtze River Basin (YRB) region in boreal summer season, as well as the spatial evolution of atmospheric moisture passage towards the target regions. A three‐dimensional Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART was driven by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Final Operational Global Analysis data combined with a backtracking scheme, and the transport contributions to the moisture budget over the YRB region was identified through the continuous calculation of changes in specific humidity along the FLEXPART back trajectories of all air masses residing over this region for a period of six summers of year 2004–2009. The back trajectory analysis revealed four major moisture sources contributed to the YRB summer water vapour with different transport timescales: the East China Sea (17.5%), South China Sea (26.6%), Indian peninsula and the Bay of Bengal (20.5%) and Arabian Sea (13.6%). The properties of moisture sources and its transport processes are dominated by the Asian Summer Monsoon regimes. The Tibetan Plateau also acts as an effective barrier for the meridional moisture transport, leading to distinct moisture sinks at the southern slope. In contrast to the previous results, the tropical western Pacific only plays a minor role in the water vapour contributors. The importance of the four source areas varies over the summer: East and South China Sea sources persist throughout the summer, whereas the Indian peninsula, the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea sources reach the strongest moisture supply to the YRB region only in high summer (July), showing a close association with the March of Asian monsoon. The further evaluation shows that the inter‐annual variability of precipitation over YRB is strongly related to the moisture sources in the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Lower‐limb joint mechanics after total hip arthroplasty during sitting and standing tasks
Authors: Lamontagne Mario , Beaulieu Mélanie L. , Varin Daniel , Beaulé Paul E. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWhile the effect of total hip arthroplasty on the operated limb mechanics is well documented, little is known on its effect on the contralateral limb. The purpose of this study was to measure the joint mechanics of both lower limbs during the tasks of sit‐to‐stand and stand‐to‐sit. Twenty total hip arthroplasty patients and 20 control participants performed three trials of each task from which 3D lower‐limb joint kinematics and kinetics were obtained. Total hip arthroplasty patients exhibited lower operated‐hip joint flexion, extension moments, and power, occurring most frequently near seat‐on and seat‐off. Despite these reduced kinetic variables in the operated hip, the joints of the non‐operated limb generated similar joint kinetics as the matched control participants. These results indicated the patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty could adopt a strategy that allowed them to reduce moments and power generated at the operated lower‐limb joints without overcompensating with the non‐operated leg. Although such a strategy may be desirable given that higher loads can increase friction and accelerate wear of the prosthesis, reduced loading may be an indication of inadequate muscle strength that needs to be addressed. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:1611–1617, 2012
Strongly enhanced levels of sclerostin during human fracture healing
Authors: Sarahrudi Kambiz , Thomas Anita , Albrecht Christian , Aharinejad Seyedhossin 
Published: April 2012

AbstractSclerostin (SOST), an antagonist of Wnt signaling, is an important negative regulator of bone formation. However, no data on the role of SOST in the human fracture healing have been published so far. This study addressed this issue. Seventy‐five patients with long bone fractures were included into the study and divided in two groups. The first group contained 69 patients with normal fracture healing. Six patients with impaired fracture healing formed the second group. Thirty‐four volunteers donated blood samples as control. Serum samples were collected over a period of 1 year following a standardized time schedule. In addition, SOST levels were measured in fracture hematoma and serum of 16 patients with bone fractures. Fracture hematoma contained significantly higher SOST concentrations compared to patient's serum. SOST levels in fracture hematoma and in patient's serum were both significantly higher than in the serum of controls. Highly elevated SOST serum concentrations were found in patients with physiological fracture healing. SOST levels were decreased in patients with impaired fracture healing. However, this difference was not statistically significant. This is the first study to provide evidence of strongly enhanced SOST levels in patients with bone fracture. The results indicate local and systemic involvement of SOST in humans during fracture healing. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:1549–1555, 2012