bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of a Quality‐of‐Life Measure for Deaf or Hard of Hearing Youth
Authors: Patrick Donald L. , Edwards Todd C. , Skalicky Anne M. , Schick Brenda , Topolski Tari D. , Kushalnagar Poorna , Leng Mei , O’Neill‐Kemp Aprille M. , Sie Kathleen 
Published: March 2011

ObjectiveQuality‐of‐life (QOL) measures targeting youth with hearing loss are useful in population needs assessment, educational placement, and program design and evaluation. This study assesses the cross‐sectional validity of the Youth Quality of Life Instrument–Deaf and Hard of Hearing Module (YQOL‐DHH).Study DesignInstrument development and cross‐sectional survey.SettingRecruitment through schools, professional organizations, clinics, and programs for youth who are deaf or hard of hearing.Subjects and MethodsThirty‐five candidate items were administered to 230 adolescents aged 11 to 18 years: 49% female, 61% white, 11% mild hearing loss, 20% moderate/moderate‐severe, 41% severe/profound, and 28% with cochlear implants. Participants completed individual or group‐administered questionnaires by paper and pencil (58%), Web‐based English (29%), American Sign Language (ASL) or Pidgin Signed English (PSE) (9%) on DVD, or interviewer‐supervised ASL or PSE DVD (4%). The Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI‐S) was also completed. Factor structure, reliability, construct validity, and respondent burden were assessed.ResultsThirty‐two items were retained in the final instrument covering 3 domains: self‐acceptance/advocacy (14 items, Cronbach α = 0.84), perceived stigma (8 items, Cronbach α = 0.85), and participation (10 items, Cronbach α = 0.86). QOL was not significantly associated with hearing level. One‐week test‐retest coefficients were acceptable: self‐acceptance/ advocacy (0.70), perceived stigma (0.78), and participation (0.92). As predicted, the total CDI‐S score was associated in the appropriate direction (P <. 0001) with all YQOL‐DHH domains. Time to complete the paper‐and‐pencil version was 12 minutes.ConclusionThe YQOL‐DHH shows good reliability and validity for assessing hearing‐specific QOL in adolescents.
Long-term Evaluation of Posterior Lateral Meniscus Root Tears Left In Situ at the Time of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Shelbourne K. Donald , Roberson Troy A. , Gray Tinker 
Published: March 2011

Background: The long-term radiographic and subjective results of patients with posterior lateral meniscus root tears left in situ at the time of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction has not been reported. Hypothesis: The authors hypothesized that patients who had posterior lateral meniscus root tears left in situ would have statistically significantly lower subjective scores and greater joint-space narrowing as compared with a control group. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Thirty-three patients who had isolated posterior lateral meniscus root tear and >5 years objective and subjective follow-up were evaluated and compared with a matched control group without meniscal tears based on sex, chronicity of tear, age, and follow-up time. Patients were evaluated subjectively and objectively using the International Knee Documentation Committee criteria. Results: The mean objective follow-up time was 10.6 ± 4.5 years. The mean subjective total score was 84.6 ± 14 in the study group versus 90.5 ± 13 in the control group ( P = .09). Radiographs showed lateral joint-space narrowing rated as normal in 19, mild in 10, moderate in 3, and severe in 1 versus the control group, which was normal in 28 and mild in 5 patients. The measured amount of lateral joint-space narrowing compared with the other knee was 1.0 ± 1.6 mm in the study group versus 0 ± 1.1 mm in the controls on 45° flexed posteroanterior radiographs ( P < .006). Conclusion: At a mean of 10 years’ follow-up of posterior lateral meniscus root tears left in situ, mild lateral joint-space narrowing was measured without significant differences in subjective or objective scores compared with controls. This study provides a baseline that can be used to compare the results of procedures used to treat these tears in other manners.
Cardiovascular risk assessment in hypertensive patients with tests recommended by the European Guidelines on Hypertension
Authors: Gómez-Marcos Manuel A , González-Elena Luis J , Recio-Rodríguez José I , Rodríguez-Sánchez Emiliano , Magallón-Botaya Rosa , Muñoz-Moreno Maria Fe , Patino-Alonso Maria C , García-Ortiz Luis 
Published: March 2011

Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of the diagnostic tests recommended by the European Society of Hypertension/Cardiology Guidelines (ESH-ESC 2007) in hypertensive patients classified as being at low or moderate risk, analyzing the change to high risk classification and the characteristics associated with such change. Methods: A cross-sectional study was made in 391 patients aged between 30 and 80 years recently diagnosed with arterial hypertension in the Primary Care setting. The criteria of the 2007 ESH-ESC Guidelines were followed for the evaluation of risk factors, subclinical organ damage, cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular risk. In addition to the routine tests, echocardiography, carotid ultrasound, albumin/creatinine ratio, estimated glomerular filtration rate, ankle-brachial index, pulse wave velocity and retinography were used. We established four levels of testing performed for risk classification. Results: Using the routine tests to evaluate risk (level 1), 218 (55.8%) patients were classified as being at high risk. Of the 173 patients classified as presenting low or moderate risk, the ankle-brachial index, albumin/creatinine ratio and glomerular filtration rate were determined (level 2), and 18 patients (10.4%) were classified as being at high risk. With echocardiography and carotid ultrasound (level 3), another 16 patients (10%) were raised to high risk. Finally, with pulse wave velocity and retinography (level 4), 10 additional patients (5%) were classified as presenting high risk. Patients with increased blood pressure, advanced age and women showed a 4.28-fold (95%CI: 2.01–9.16), 3.54-fold (95%CI: 1.61–7.77) and 1.36-fold (95%CI: 0.62–3.00) higher probability of being reclassified to high cardiovascular risk, respectively. Conclusions: With the non-routine tests, 25.4% of the low or moderate risk patients were reclassified as presenting high risk.
Cleavage of the CD11b extracellular domain by the leukocyte serprocidins is critical for neutrophil detachment during chemotaxis
Authors: Zen Ke , Guo Ya-Lan , Li Li-Min , Bian Zhen , Zhang Chen-Yu , Liu Yuan 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe β2-integrin CD11b/CD18 mediates the firm adhesion of neutrophils (PMNs) to epithelial monolayers, a key step in PMN transepithelial migration. To complete the transmigration process, adherent PMNs must detach from epithelial monolayer surfaces to move forward. The mechanism that governs the detachment of adherent PMNs, however, is not clear. Here, we present evidence that cleavage of the CD11b extracellular domain containing the ligand-binding I-domain by 3 structural and functional related serine proteases (elastase, proteinase-3 and cathepsin G) serves as a novel mechanism for PMN detachment after the initial cell adhesion. Kinetic studies showed that the cleavage of CD11b is positively correlated with PMN detachment and subsequent transmigration. Moreover, the results demonstrated that elastase, proteinase-3 and cathepsin G all cleaved the purified, functionally active form of CD11b in a pattern similar to the CD11b shedding that occurs during PMN transmigration. Their cleavage sites on purified CD11b were located at 761Thr-Ala762 (elastase/proteinase-3) and 760Phe-Thr761 (cathepsin G), respectively. CD11b cleavage and PMN detachment and chemotaxis, were impaired in elastase/cathepsin G–deficient Beige mice; this defect could be restored by the addition of extracellular elastase. By illustrating CD11b shedding by elastase, proteinase-3 and cathepsin G as a novel mechanism for PMN detachment, our study provides novel therapeutic targets for controlling inflammation.
Epithelial adhesion molecules can inhibit HIV-1–specific CD8+ T-cell functions
Authors: Streeck Hendrik , Kwon Douglas S. , Pyo Augustine , Flanders Michael , Chevalier Mathieu F. , Law Kenneth , Jülg Boris , Trocha Kasper , Jolin Jonathan S. , Anahtar Melis N. , Lian Jeff , Toth Ildiko , Brumme Zabrina , Chang J. Judy , Caron Tyler , Rodig Scott J. , Milner Danny A. , Piechoka-Trocha Alicja , Kaufmann Daniel E. , Walker Bruce D. , Altfeld Marcus 
Published: March 2011

AbstractUnder persistent antigenic stimulation, virus-specific CD8+ T cells become increasingly dysfunctional and up-regulate several inhibitory molecules such as killer lectin-like receptor G1 (KLRG1). Here, we demonstrate that HIV-1 antigen-specific T cells from subjects with chronic-progressive HIV-1 infection have significantly elevated KLRG1 expression (P < .001); show abnormal distribution of E-cadherin, the natural ligand of KLRG1, in the intestinal mucosa; and have elevated levels of systemic soluble E-cadherin (sE-cadherin) that significantly correlate with HIV-1 viral load (R = 0.7, P = .004). We furthermore demonstrate that in the presence of sE-cadherin, KLRG1hi HIV-1–specific CD8+ T cells are impaired in their ability to respond by cytokine secretion on antigenic stimulation (P = .002) and to inhibit viral replication (P = .03) in vitro. Thus, these data suggest a critical mechanism by which the disruption of the intestinal epithelium associated with HIV-1 leads to increased systemic levels of sE-cadherin, which inhibits the effector functions of KLRG1hi-expressing HIV-1–specific CD8+ T cells systemically.
Microarrays and RNA-Seq identify molecular mechanisms driving the end of nephron production
Authors: Brunskill Eric W , Lai Hsiao L , Jamison D Curtis , Potter S Steven , Patterson Larry T 
Published: March 2011

Abstract

Background
The production of nephrons suddenly ends in mice shortly after birth when the remaining cells of the multi-potent progenitor mesenchyme begin to differentiate into nephrons. We exploited this terminal wave of nephron production using both microarrays and RNA-Seq to serially evaluate gene transcript levels in the progenitors. This strategy allowed us to define the changing gene expression states following induction and the onset of differentiation after birth.

Results
Microarray and RNA-Seq studies of the progenitors detected a change in the expression profiles of several classes of genes early after birth. One functional class, a class of genes associated with cellular proliferation, was activated. Analysis of proliferation with a nucleotide analog demonstrated in vivo that entry into the S-phase of the cell cycle preceded increases in transcript levels of genetic markers of differentiation. Microarrays and RNA-Seq also detected the onset of expression of markers of differentiation within the population of progenitors prior to detectable Six2 repression. Validation by in situ hybridization demonstrated that the markers were expressed in a subset of Six2 expressing progenitors. Finally, the studies identified a third set of genes that provide indirect evidence of an altered cellular microenvironment of the multi-potential progenitors after birth.

Conclusions
These results demonstrate that Six2 expression is not sufficient to suppress activation of genes associated with growth and differentiation of nephrons. They also better define the sequence of events after induction and suggest mechanisms contributing to the rapid end of nephron production after birth in mice.
Sensing and adhesion are adaptive functions in the plant pathogenic xanthomonads
Authors: Mhedbi-Hajri Nadia , Darrasse Armelle , Pigné Sandrine , Durand Karine , Fouteau Stéphanie , Barbe Valérie , Manceau Charles , Lemaire Christophe , Jacques Marie-Agnès 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackgroundBacterial plant pathogens belonging to theXanthomonasgenus are tightly adapted to their host plants and are not known to colonise other environments. The host range of each strain is usually restricted to a few host plant species. Bacterial strains responsible for the same type of symptoms on the same host range cluster in a pathovar. The phyllosphere is a highly stressful environment, but it provides a selective habitat and a source of substrates for these bacteria. Xanthomonads colonise host phylloplane before entering leaf tissues and engaging in an invasive pathogenic phase. Hence, these bacteria are likely to have evolved strategies to adapt to life in this environment. We hypothesised that determinants responsible for bacterial host adaptation are expressed starting from the establishment of chemotactic attraction and adhesion on host tissue.ResultsWe established the distribution of 70 genes coding sensors and adhesins in a large collection of xanthomonad strains. These 173 strains belong to different pathovars ofXanthomonasspp and display different host ranges. Candidate genes are involved in chemotactic attraction (25 genes), chemical environment sensing (35 genes), and adhesion (10 genes). Our study revealed that candidate gene repertoires comprised core and variable gene suites that likely have distinct roles in host adaptation. Most pathovars were characterized by unique repertoires of candidate genes, highlighting a correspondence between pathovar clustering and repertoires of sensors and adhesins. To further challenge our hypothesis, we tested for molecular signatures of selection on candidate genes extracted from sequenced genomes of strains belonging to different pathovars. We found strong evidence of adaptive divergence acting on most candidate genes.ConclusionsThese data provide insight into the potential role played by sensors and adhesins in the adaptation of xanthomonads to their host plants. The correspondence between repertoires of sensor and adhesin genes and pathovars and the rapid evolution of sensors and adhesins shows that, for plant pathogenic xanthomonads, events leading to host specificity may occur as early as chemotactic attraction by host and adhesion to tissues.
Spin-orbit interaction induced anisotropic property in interacting quantum wires
Authors: Cheng Fang , Zhou Guanghui , Chang Kai 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe investigate theoretically the ground state and transport property of electrons in interacting quantum wires (QWs) oriented along different crystallographic directions in (001) and (110) planes in the presence of the Rashba spin-orbit interaction (RSOI) and Dresselhaus SOI (DSOI). The electron ground state can cross over different phases, e.g., spin density wave, charge density wave, singlet superconductivity, and metamagnetism, by changing the strengths of the SOIs and the crystallographic orientation of the QW. The interplay between the SOIs and Coulomb interaction leads to the anisotropic dc transport property of QW which provides us a possible way to detect the strengths of the RSOI and DSOI.PACS numbers: 73.63.Nm, 71.10.Pm, 73.23.-b, 71.70.Ej
Graphene on ferromagnetic surfaces and its functionalization with water and ammonia
Authors: Böttcher Stefan , Weser Martin , Dedkov Yuriy S , Horn Karsten , Voloshina Elena N , Paulus Beate 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn this article, an angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and density-functional theory (DFT) investigations of water and ammonia adsorption on graphene/Ni(111) are presented. The results of adsorption on graphene/Ni(111) obtained in this study reveal the existence of interface states, originating from the strong hybridization of the graphene π and spin-polarized Ni 3d valence band states. ARPES and XAS data of the H2O (NH3)/graphene/Ni(111) system give an information regarding the kind of interaction between the adsorbed molecules and the graphene on Ni(111). The presented experimental data are compared with the results obtained in the framework of the DFT approach.
Effects of a selectively bred novelty-seeking phenotype on the motivation to take cocaine in male and female rats
Authors: Cummings Jennifer A , Gowl Brooke A , Westenbroek Christel , Clinton Sarah M , Akil Huda , Becker Jill B 
Published: March 2011

Abstract

Background
Gender and enhanced novelty reactivity can predispose certain individuals to drug abuse. Previous research in male and female rats selectively bred for high or low locomotor reactivity to novelty found that bred High Responders (bHRs) acquire cocaine self-administration more rapidly than bred Low Responders (bLRs) and that bHR females in particular self-administered more cocaine than the other groups. The experiments presented here aimed to determine whether an individual's sex and behavioral phenotype interact to affect motivation to take cocaine.

Methods
We examined motivation for taking cocaine in two experiments using a range of doses on a progressive ratio (PR) schedule of responding in bHR or bLR males and females. Additionally, we included a measure of continuing to respond in the absence of reinforcement, a feature of addiction that has been recently incorporated into tests of animal models on the basis of the criteria for substance use disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition. Statistical analyses were performed using PASW Statistics 18.0 software. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance followed by a Bonferroni correction post hoc test when applicable.

Results
We found sex differences as well as effects of novelty reactivity on the motivation to self-administer cocaine. Specifically, females demonstrated higher breaking points on the PR schedule compared with males, regardless of phenotype, and bHR males and females exhibited higher motivation than bLR animals at a number of the doses studied.

Conclusions
An individual's sex continues to be a predisposing factor with respect to drug abuse liability and can be compounded by additional individual differences such as reactivity to novelty.
Cost Implications of the Rapid Adoption of Newer Technologies for Treating Prostate Cancer
Authors: Nguyen Paul L. , Gu Xiangmei , Lipsitz Stuart R. , Choueiri Toni K. , Choi Wesley W. , Lei Yin , Hoffman Karen E. , Hu Jim C. 
Published: March 2011

Purpose Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and laparoscopic or robotic minimally invasive radical prostatectomy (MIRP) are costlier alternatives to three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) and open radical prostatectomy for treating prostate cancer. We assessed temporal trends in their utilization and their impact on national health care spending. Methods Using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results–Medicare linked data, we determined treatment patterns for 45,636 men age ≥ 65 years who received definitive surgery or radiation for localized prostate cancer diagnosed from 2002 to 2005. Costs attributable to prostate cancer care were the difference in Medicare payments in the year after versus the year before diagnosis. Results Patients received surgery (26%), external RT (38%), or brachytherapy with or without RT (36%). Among surgical patients, MIRP utilization increased substantially (1.5% among 2002 diagnoses v 28.7% among 2005 diagnoses, P < .001). For RT, IMRT utilization increased substantially (28.7% v 81.7%; P < .001) and for men receiving brachytherapy, supplemental IMRT increased significantly (8.5% v 31.1%; P < .001). The mean incremental cost of IMRT versus 3D-CRT was $10,986 (in 2008 dollars); of brachytherapy plus IMRT versus brachytherapy plus 3D-CRT was $10,789; of MIRP versus open RP was $293. Extrapolating these figures to the total US population results in excess spending of $282 million for IMRT, $59 million for brachytherapy plus IMRT, and $4 million for MIRP, compared to less costly alternatives for men diagnosed in 2005. Conclusion Costlier prostate cancer therapies were rapidly and widely adopted, resulting in additional national spending of more than $350 million among men diagnosed in 2005 and suggesting the need for comparative effectiveness research to weigh their costs against their benefits.
Trends in the Aggressiveness of End-of-Life Cancer Care in the Universal Health Care System of Ontario, Canada
Authors: Ho Thi H. , Barbera Lisa , Saskin Refik , Lu Hong , Neville Bridget A. , Earle Craig C. 
Published: March 2011

Purpose To describe trends in the aggressiveness of end-of-life (EOL) cancer care in a universal health care system in Ontario, Canada, between 1993 and 2004, and to compare with findings reported in the United States. Methods A population-based, retrospective, cohort study that used administrative data linked to registry data. Aggressiveness of EOL care was defined as the occurrence of at least one of the following indicators: last dose of chemotherapy received within 14 days of death; more than one emergency department (ED) visit within 30 days of death; more than one hospitalization within 30 days of death; or at least one intensive care unit (ICU) admission within 30 days of death. Results Among 227,161 patients, 22.4% experienced at least one incident of potentially aggressive EOL cancer care. Multivariable analyses showed that with each successive year, patients were significantly more likely to encounter some aggressive intervention (odds ratio, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.02). Multiple emergency department (ED) visits, ICU admissions, and chemotherapy use increased significantly over time, whereas multiple hospital admissions declined (P < .05). Patients were more likely to receive aggressive EOL care if they were men, were younger, lived in rural regions, had a higher level of comorbidity, or had breast, lung, or hematologic malignancies. Chemotherapy and ICU utilization were lower in Ontario than in the United States. Conclusion Aggressiveness of cancer care near the EOL is increasing over time in Ontario, Canada, although overall rates were lower than in the United States. Health system characteristics and patient or physician cultural factors may play a role in the observed differences.
Declining Incidence of Contralateral Breast Cancer in the United States From 1975 to 2006
Authors: Nichols Hazel B. , de González Amy Berrington , Lacey James V. , Rosenberg Philip S. , Anderson William F. 
Published: March 2011

Purpose Contralateral breast cancer (CBC) is the most frequent new malignancy among women diagnosed with a first breast cancer. Although temporal trends for first breast cancers have been well studied, trends for CBC are not so well established. Patients and Methods We examined temporal trends in CBC incidence using US Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (1975 to 2006). Data were stratified by estrogen receptor (ER) status of the first breast cancer for the available time period (1990+). We estimated the annual percent change (EAPC) in CBC rates using Poisson regression models adjusted for the age at and time since first breast cancer diagnosis. Results Before 1985, CBC incidence rates were stable (EAPC, 0.27% per year; 95% CI, −0.4 to 0.9), after which they declined with an EAPC of −3.07% per year (95% CI, −3.5 to −2.7). From 1990 forward, the declines were restricted to CBC after an ER-positive cancer (EAPC, −3.18%; 95% CI, −4.2 to −2.2) with no clear decreases after an ER-negative cancer. Estimated current age-specific CBC rates (per 100/year) after an ER-positive first cancer were: 0.45 for first cancers diagnosed before age 30 years and 0.25 to 0.37 for age 30 years or older. Rates after an ER-negative cancer were higher: 1.26 before age 30 years, 0.85 for age 30 to 35 years, and 0.45 to 0.65 for age 40 or older. Conclusion Results show a favorable decrease of 3% per year for CBC incidence in the United States since 1985. This overall trend was driven by declining CBC rates after an ER-positive cancer, possibly because of the widespread usage of adjuvant hormone therapies, after the results of the Nolvadex Adjuvant Trial Organisation were published in 1983, and/or other adjuvant treatments.