bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI PROTECT THE SOIL FROM WIND EROSION: A WIND TUNNEL STUDY
Authors: Burri K. , Gromke C. , Graf F. 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTMycorrhizal fungi form symbiotic associations with the roots of most vascular plant species and can improve both plant growth and soil structure. Therefore, they are expected to play an important role in reducing soil erosion by wind. However, direct evidence for this is lacking, because it is hardly possible to separate the mycorrhizal effect from all other factors that influence wind erosion in natural environments. Here, we present laboratory wind tunnel experiments, which indicate that mycorrhizal fungi have the potential to substantially increase the protective effect of newly seeded plants against wind erosion. For root balls of two plant species (Lolium perenne and Anthyllis vulneraria ssp. alpestris), we found that the wind‐induced soil loss decreased significantly with increasing percentage of root colonisation by mycorrhizal fungi. The mean soil loss of non‐mycorrhizal control samples was more than twice as high as the one of mycorrhizal samples for A. vulneraria, whereas no significant difference was observed for L. perenne. These results are all the more remarkable because there was no mycorrhiza‐induced plant growth enhancement. On the contrary, mycorrhizal plants had significantly smaller root systems than non‐mycorrhizal plants in both species. Above‐ground biomass was significantly smaller in mycorrhizal plants than in non‐mycorrhizal plants for L. perenne but only slightly smaller for A. vulneraria. This study demonstrates that mycorrhizal fungi are able to help newly seeded plants to decrease the wind erodibility of soil, even in cases when they do not increase plant growth. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does attractiveness sell? Women's attitude toward a product as a function of model attractiveness, gender priming, and social comparison orientation
Authors: Buunk Abraham P. , Dijkstra Pieternel 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn the present experiment, 85 female undergraduate students were presented with an advertisement for chewing gum, featuring an attractive or a moderately attractive same‐sex model. Participants were either primed on their gender or not. Results showed that gender‐primed women were willing to pay more for the product when it was promoted by an attractive model, and, with increasing levels of social comparison orientation, women showed a more positive attitude toward the product when it was promoted by an attractive as opposed to a moderately attractive model. In contrast, when they were primed on being a female, women were willing to pay less when the product was promoted by an attractive model, and, with increasing levels of social comparison orientation, they had a less positive attitude when the product was promoted by an attractive as opposed to a moderately attractive model. Implications for advertising are discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Target‐Driven Subspace Mapping Methods and Their Applicability Domain Estimation
Authors: Soto Axel J. , Vazquez Gustavo E. , Strickert Marc , Ponzoni Ignacio 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis work describes a methodology for assisting virtual screening of drugs during the early stages of the drug development process. This methodology is proposed to improve the reliability of in silico property prediction and it is structured in two steps. Firstly, a transformation is sought for mapping a high‐dimensional space defined by potentially redundant or irrelevant molecular descriptors into a low‐dimensional application‐related space. For this task we evaluate three different target‐driven subspace mapping methods, out of which we highlight the recent Correlative Matrix Mapping (CMM) as the most stable. Secondly, we apply an applicability domain model on the low‐dimensional space for assessing confidentiality of compound classification. By a probabilistic framework the applicability domain approach identifies poorly represented compounds in the training set (extrapolation problems) and regions in the space where the uncertainty about the correct class is higher than normal (interpolation problems). This two‐step approach represents an important contribution to the development of confident prediction tools in the chemoinformatics area, where the field is in need of both interpretable models and methods that estimate the confidence of predictions.
More potential in statistical analyses of event‐related potentials: a mixed regression approach
Authors: Vossen Helen , Van Breukelen Gerard , Hermens Hermie , Van Os Jim , Lousberg Richel 
Published: August 2011

AbstractDespite many developments in the methods of event‐related potentials (ERPs), little attention has gone out to the statistical handling of ERP data. Trials are often averaged, and univariate or repeated measures of analysis of variance (ANOVA) are used to test hypotheses. The aim of this study was to introduce mixed regression to ERP research and to demonstrate advantages associated with this method. Eighty‐five healthy subjects received electrical pain stimuli with simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG) registration. Analyses first showed that results obtained with mixed regression analyses are highly comparable to those using repeated measures of ANOVA. Second, important advantages of the mixed regression technique were demonstrated by allowing the inclusion of persons with missing data, single trial analysis, non‐linear time effects, time × person effects (random slope effects) and a within‐subject covariate. Among others, the results showed a strong trial (habituation) effect, which contraindicates the common procedure of averaging of trials. Furthermore, the regression coefficients for intensity and trial varied significantly between persons, indicating individual differences in the effect of intensity and trial on the ERP amplitude. In conclusion, using mixed regression analysis as a statistical technique in ERP research will advance the science of unravelling mechanisms underlying ERP data. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Properties of linear poly(lactic acid)/polyethylene glycol blends
Authors: Sungsanit K. , Kao N. , Bhattacharya S.N. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractPoly(lactic acid) (PLA) has great potentials to be processed into films for packaging applications. However, film production is difficult to carry out due to the brittleness and low melt strength of PLA. In this investigation, linear PLA (L‐PLA) was plasticized with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) having MW of 1000 g mol−1 in various PEG concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt%). In relation to plasticizer content, the impact resistance and crystallinity of L‐PLA was increased, whereas a decrease in glass transition temperature and lower stiffness was observed. Nevertheless, the phase separation has been found in samples which contained PEG greater than 10 wt%. The dynamic and shear rheological studies showed that the plasticized PLA possessed lower viscosity and more pronounced elastic properties than that of pure PLA. Both storage and loss moduli decreased with PEG loading at all frequencies while storage modulus exhibited weak frequency dependence with increasing PEG content. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Morphology and mechanical properties of polypropylene/polystyrene blends compatibilized with styrene–butadiene block copolymers
Authors: Fortelný I. , Minkova L.I. , Kotek J. , Lapčíková M. , Michálková D. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe effect of molecular structure of styrene–butadiene block (SB) copolymers on the morphology, tensile properties, impact strength, and microhardness of polypropylene/polystyrene (PP/PS) (80/20) blends was studied. The addition of SB copolymers substantially reduces the size of dispersed PS particles formed at mixing. The distribution of SB copolymers between the interface and bulk phases is controlled by the length of styrene blocks in SB, but a decrease in the size of PS particles at mixing correlates with total molecular weight of SB copolymers. For a substantial part of compatibilized blends, PS particles aggregate rapidly during compression molding and form honeycomb‐like particles split by SB partitions, which persist at further annealing. Aggregation of PS particles continues slowly at further annealing. Blends containing PS particles with well‐developed honeycomb structure show lower yield stress, higher plasticity, and lower tensile impact strength than the blends having PS particles with simple or undeveloped honeycomb structure. Microhardness of PP/PS blends is additive and of PP/PS/SB blends is lower than the additive due to the effect of SB copolymers on crystalline structure of PP matrix. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Formulation of new synthetic binders: Thermomechanical properties of resin/recycled polymer blends
Authors: Fuentes‐Audén Cristina , Martínez‐Boza Francisco J. , Navarro Francisco J. , Partal Pedro , Gallegos Críspulo 
Published: August 2011

AbstractSynthetic binders are special paving materials manufactured by mixing polymers, resins, and oils. These materials may have improved mechanical properties as compared with the traditional modified bitumen. This work is part of a comprehensive study on the design of synthetic binders with selected mechanical properties. In this sense, upgraded mechanical properties of the final synthetic binder can be attained by understanding and correlating the mechanical properties of its individual constituents as a function of composition and temperature. With this aim, this work deals with the thermomechanical properties of recycled polymer/resin blends, over a wide range of temperature and composition. Recycled polymer/resin blends are thermorheologically complex materials, due to the development of multiphase domains depending on polymer concentration. Thus, these blends show a predominantly gel‐like behavior at high polymer concentrations and a predominantly viscous behavior, with high thermal susceptibility, for low polymer concentrations. The dynamic viscosities of the blends, as a function of polymer concentration and temperature, can be predicted using a logarithmic mixing rule. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Preparation and properties of addition curable silicone resins with excellent dielectric properties and thermal resistance
Authors: Zhang Beijing , Zhuo Dongxian , Gu Aijuan , Liang Guozheng , Hu Jiang‐Tao , Yuan Li 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA new addition curable silicone resin (ASiR) system with excellent dielectric and thermal properties was developed, which consists of only two components: poly(methylphenylvinylsiloxane) (PMPVSi) and an end‐capped hydrogen‐functionalized hyperbranched polysiloxane (EHFHPSi). PMPVSi is synthesized by a green and controllable process; EHFHPSi is first synthesized via A2 + B3 approach, and then end‐capped by hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDS). Three formulations were designed to investigate the optimum stoichiometry. Results show that cured ASiR resins have greatly different dielectric and thermal properties because of the different chemical structure of cured networks resulting from the different stoichiometries. The resin with a suitable stoichiometry has not only excellent dielectric properties including extremely low dielectric constant (2.96 at 1 Hz) and loss (0.0003 at 1 Hz) as well as good stability on frequency, but also outstanding thermal resistance, exhibiting great potential to be used as a new kind of high‐performance resins for many cutting‐edge industries, especially the microelectronic and insulation fields. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Synthesis, characterization, and thermal degradation of novel poly(2‐(5‐bromo benzofuran‐2‐yl)‐2‐oxoethyl methacrylate)
Authors: Koca Murat , Kurt Adnan , Kirilmis Cumhur , Aydogdu Yildirim 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA novel methacrylate monomer containing benzofuran side group, 2‐(5‐bromo benzofuran‐2‐yl)‐2‐oxoethyl methacrylate (BOEMA), was synthesized from esterification reaction of 2‐bromo‐1‐(5‐bromo benzofuran‐2‐yl) ethanone with sodium methacrylate at 85°C in the presence of 1,4‐dioxane solvent. After characterization with Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer, nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR and 13C‐NMR), its homopolymerization was carried out by free radical polymerization at 60°C in the presence of benzoyl peroxide initiator and 1,4‐dioxane solvent. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the synthesized novel polymer, poly(2‐(5‐bromo benzofuran‐2‐yl)‐2‐oxoethyl methacrylate) [poly(BOEMA)], was determined to be 137°C with differential scanning calorimetry technique. Thermal degradation kinetics of poly(BOEMA) was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis method at different heating rates with 5°C/min intervals between measurements. From dynamic measurements, the analysis of each process mechanism of Coats–Redfern and Van Krevelen methods showed that the most probable model for the decomposition process of poly(BOEMA) homopolymer agrees with the random nucleation, F1 mechanism. The apparent decomposition activation energies of poly(BOEMA) by Kissinger's and Flynn–Wall–Ozawa methods in the studied conversion range were 188.47 and 180.13 kJ/mol, respectively. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Exhaustive glycosylation, pegylation, and glutathionylation of a [G4]‐ene48 dendrimer via photoinduced thiol‐ene coupling
Authors: Conte Mauro Lo , Robb Maxwell J. , Hed Yvonne , Marra Alberto , Malkoch Michael , Hawker Craig J. , Dondoni Alessandro 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe use of free‐radical thiol‐ene coupling (TEC) for the introduction of carbohydrate, poly(ethylene glycol), and peptide fragments at the periphery of an alkene functional dendrimer has been reported in this article. Four different sugar thiols including glucose, mannose, lactose, and sialic acid, two PEGylated thiols, and the natural tripeptide glutathione were reacted with a fourth generation alkene functional dendrimer [G4]‐ene48 on irradiation at λmax 365 nm. In all cases, the 1H NMR spectra of the crude reaction mixture revealed the complete disappearance of alkene proton signals indicating the quantitative conversion of all 48 alkene groups of the dendrimer. With one exception only, all dendrimer conjugates were isolated in high yields (70–94%), validating the high efficiency of multiple TEC reactions on a single substrate. All isolated and purified compounds were analyzed by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization‐time of flight (MALDI‐TOF) spectrometry and gave spectra consistent with the assigned structure. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Differences in water sorption and proton conductivity between Nafion and SPEEK
Authors: Wu Xuemei , Wang Xiaowen , He Gaohong , Benziger Jay 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWater sorption, volumetric expansion, and proton conductivity of 1100 EW Nafion and 555 EW sulfonated polyetheretherketone (SPEEK) were compared as functions of water activity at 60 and 80 °C. Water sorption in Nafion occurs with a small positive volume of mixing, ∼0.005 cm3/cm3. In contrast, water sorption in SPEEK has a large negative volume of mixing ∼−0.05 cm3/cm3. The percolation thresholds for proton conduction occur at hydrophilic volume fractions of 0.10 in Nafion and 0.30 in SPEEK. Proton conductivity increases quadratically with hydrophilic volume fraction above the percolation threshold. The different percolation thresholds suggest the hydrophilic domains in Nafion grow from lamella, whereas the hydrophilic domains in SPEEK grow from spheres. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 49: 1437–1445, 2011
Editorial Introduction: Re‐Making Migration Theory
Authors: Smith Darren P. , King Russell 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTIn this editorial introduction to the special issue, we first make a series of key points about the importance of migration in today's globalised world and about the intersectionality of migration processes, which should never be studied in isolation from the various social, economic, and political phenomena within which they are embedded. The paper also draws attention to the increasing diversity of migration, which poses a challenge to ongoing attempts at new theorisation. Within geography, we note that the traditional concerns of population geographers to map and model migration have been broadened by ‘turns’ towards cultural and post‐modern frameworks for understanding the nature of migration. In the final part of the paper, we summarise the six papers that follow, highlighting the unique contribution that each makes to our overall agenda of ‘remaking migration theory’ from a geographic perspective. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of MBE grown wurtzite GaN/Ge3N4/Ge heterojunctions band offset by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Authors: Kumar Mahesh , Rajpalke Mohana K. , Roul Basanta , Bhat Thirumaleshwara N. , Kalghatgi A. T. , Krupanidhi S. B. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractHexagonal Ge3N4 layer was prepared on Ge surface by in situ direct atomic source nitridation and it is promising buffer layer to grow GaN on Ge (111). The valence band offset (VBO) of GaN/Ge3N4/Ge heterojunctions is determined by X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy. The valence band (VB) of Ge3N4 is found to be 0.38 ± 0.04 eV above the GaN valance band and 1.14 ± 0.04 eV below the Ge. The GaN/Ge3N4 and Ge3N4/Ge are found type‐II and type‐I heterojunctions, respectively. The exact measurements of the VBO and conduction band offset (CBO) are important for use of GaN/Ge3N4/Ge (111) heterosystems.
Kinetics and isotherm studies on electrosorption of NaCl by activated carbon fiber, carbon nanotube and carbon nanotube‐carbon nanofiber composite film
Authors: Zhan Yankun , Nie Chunyang , Li Haibo , Pan Likun , Sun Zhuo 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis paper presents a comparative study on electrosorptive behavior of activated carbon fiber (ACF), carbon nanotube (CNT) and carbon nanotube‐carbon nanofiber (CNT‐CNF) composite in NaCl solution. The result shows that CNT‐CNF exhibits a higher NaCl removal ratio with a faster electrosorption rate than ACF and CNT due to its more hydrophilic surface, higher specific capacitance and more suitable mesoporous structure (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Property study of aluminium oxide thin films by thermal annealing
Authors: Zhao Zhiwei , Tay Beng Kang 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAluminium oxide thin films had been prepared by off‐plane filtered cathodic vacuum arc (FCVA) under the oxygen partial pressure of 5 × 10‐4 Torr at room temperature. Annealing effects on the properties of the films between 200 °C and 900 °C were investigated. Experiments results showed that the surfaces of aluminium oxide thin films remained smooth up to 600 °C. Crystallization is induced for the film annealed at 900 °C. It was also found that refractive index of the films increased with increasing the annealing temperature. Strong frequency dispersion of refractive index was found and fitted to a single oscillator model. The dispersion parameters, such as single oscillator energy, dispersion energy, average oscillator strength and its related wavelength, were estimated. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effects of ultraviolet irradiation and soak time on the leakage current of Bi3.25La0.75Ti3O12 thin films
Authors: Wu Xiumei , Zhai Ya , Xu Mingxiang , Kan Yi 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBi3.25La0.75Ti3O12 thin films with the thickness of about 365 nm were prepared on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates using the conventional metal organic decomposition method. The leakage current behaviour influenced by the soak time and the ultraviolet irradiation were studied. It was found that, on the one hand, when the testing voltage is below 2 V, the soak time has no significant effect on the leakage current. When the testing voltage increases to 5 V, the leakage current increases with the soak time increasing. On the other hand, the ultraviolet irradiation can change the leakage current of the thin films. When the testing voltage is above 4 V, with the illumination time increasing, the leakage current increases. The charge carriers participating in electric conduction were used to explain these experimental results (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Heat‐induced magnetic properties changes of Mn3[Fe(CN)6]2·xH2O
Authors: Liu Min , Xu Mingxiang 
Published: August 2011

AbstractPolycrystalline sample of Mn3[Fe(CN)6]2·xH2O was prepared by coprecipitation method. The coprecipitated powder was annealed in vacuum at different temperatures of 80, 100, 130, and 150 °C respectively. Changes of magnetic properties with different annealed temperatures were studied by Fourier‐transform infrared, X‐ray diffraction and magnetization measurements. The positive θ value of the Curie–Weiss temperature indicates the existence of a predominant ferromagnetic interaction over the anti‐ferromagnetic one in the compounds annealed at 80, 100, and 150 °C. The negative value of θ in Mn3[Fe(CN)6]2·xH2O annealed at 130 °C appears to be the coexistence of a strong anti‐ferromagnetic and a ferromagnetic interactions in the material. This is due to the existence of a relatively strong anti‐ferromagnetic contribution between the neighbouring Mn atoms bridged by the oxygen atom of the water molecule (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Haemodynamics and cardiac function during robotic‐assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy in steep Trendelenburg position
Authors: Haas Sebastian , Haese Alexander , Goetz Alwin E. , Kubitz Jens C. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackgroundRobotic‐assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) is usually performed in steep Trendelenburg position, which can be associated with cardiac impairment due to positioning and capnoperitoneum. This study investigated haemodynamic consequences and cardiac function in this type of surgery and evaluated the hypothesis that steep Trendelenburg position and capnoperitoneum results in haemodynamic and ventricular impairment.Methods10 patients (ASA I‐III) scheduled for RALP in steep Trendelenburg position with capnoperitoneum were prospectively studied. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and central venous pressure (CVP) were recorded. Stroke volume variation (SVV) and cardiac output (CO) were measured using pulse‐contour analysis. Further, cardiac function was assessed using trans‐oesophageal echocardiography before positioning (T1) and 10 min (T2) and 60 min (T3) after implementation of steep Trendelenburg position and capnoperitoneum.ResultsHR did not change statistically. MAP (T1, 69.7 ± 1.55; T2, 82.9 ± 3.05; T3, 79.4 ± 2.18 mmHg), CVP (T1, 7.7 ± 1.3; T2, 17.3 ± 2.01; T3, 16.9 ± 1.66 mmHg) and CO (T1, 4.0 ± 0.15; T2, 4.9 ± 0.26; T3, 4.9 ± 0.36 l/min) increased significantly at T2 and T3. Echocardiography showed no deterioration of left or right ventricular function. In one patient with pre‐existing mitral valve insufficiency (I°) an aggravation of the insufficiency (III°) was observed. No other valve dysfunctions were observed.ConclusionsThe steep Trendelenburg position may improve haemodynamic function and does not deteriorate left or right ventricular function during RALP. However, mitral valve insufficiency may be aggravated by positioning and capnoperitoneum. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.