bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pattern reconfigurable antenna with specified main lobe deflection and stable bandwidth by using bistable composite laminates
Authors: Zhang Mingyue , Tong Wei , Xu Guangyu , Wang Qi , Gao Renjing 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Pattern reconfiguration of antennas has become a very important measure to improve the signal gain and working bandwidth by manipulating beam direction. Developing rational methods to find the reconfigurable structure is a key problem. In this paper, a collaborative optimization method is proposed to comprehensively consider both the geometric parameters of the bistable substrate and the size of the radiation patch. This method enables the design of a pattern reconfigurable antenna with specified main lobe deflection and stable bandwidth. Specifically, by using a two-step process, the log-periodic dipole antenna (LPDA) is conformally mapped from the planar substrate to the bistable substrate. Further investigation reveals that the main lobe deflection angle and bandwidth stability are influenced by the geometric parameters of the bistable substrate and the size of radiation dipoles, respectively. Thus, these parameters are selected as design variables for solving the proposed collaborative optimization model. The transformation between two stable configurations enables the proposed LPDA to deflect the main lobe of the H-plane pattern by 30° while maintaining consistency in the E-plane patterns. Importantly, the resonant frequencies remain unaffected and the bandwidth does not decrease during the pattern reconfiguration. Notably, the pattern reconfigurable mechanism is rooted in that the transformation between the two stable configurations alters the number and position of the dipoles in the radiation region and their current path, thereby changing the radiation direction of electromagnetic waves. The proposed collaborative optimization method has a potential application for other types of antennas and offers opportunities for various applications in the field of wireless communication.
Quantum mechanical modeling of the multi-stage Stern–Gerlach experiment conducted by Frisch and Segrè
Authors: Kahraman S Süleyman , Titimbo Kelvin , He Zhe , Shen Jung-Tsung , Wang Lihong V 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The multi-stage Stern–Gerlach experiment conducted by Frisch and Segrè includes two cascaded quantum measurements with a nonadiabatic flipper in between. The Frisch and Segrè experiment has been modeled analytically by Majorana without the nuclear effect and subsequently revised by Rabi with the hyperfine interaction. However, the theoretical predictions do not match the experimental observation accurately. Here, we numerically solve the standard quantum mechanical model, via the von Neumann equation, including the hyperfine interaction for the time evolution of the spin. Thus far, the coefficients of determination from the standard quantum mechanical model without using free parameters are still low, indicating a mismatch between the theory and the experiment. Non-standard variants that improve the match are explored for discussion.
Effect of quantum information scrambling on bound entangled states
Authors: Sinha Suprabhat 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Spreading information in physical systems is a common phenomenon. However, when the information is quantum in nature, tracking, describing, and quantifying the information is a challenging task. Quantum information scrambling defines the quantum information propagating chaotically over the physical system. This article describes the effect of quantum information scrambling on bound entangled states. A bound entangled state is a particular type of entangled state that carries noisy entanglement. The distillation of this type of entangled state is very difficult. In recent times, the usefulness of these states has been depicted in different applications. The outcome of this study exhibits that quantum information scrambling develops entanglement in the separable portion of the bound entangled states. Although quantum information scrambling reduces entanglement, the study pointed out that quantum information scrambling plays a significant role in activating the bound entangled states by introducing a certain amount of approximately stable entanglement.
Improved harmonic balance method for analyzing asymmetric restoring force functions in nonlinear vibration of mechanical systems
Authors: Mohammadian Mostafa , Ismail Gamal M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The non-linear differential equation governing some mechanical systems, such as the non-linear vibrations of FG beams resting on a nonlinear foundation, behaves similarly to the oscillations of a non-linear oscillator with an asymmetric restoring force function that includes both odd and non-odd non-linear terms. The objective of this research is to obtain higher-order approximate analytical solutions for such problems by introducing an enhanced harmonic balance method. By building upon the original problem, two new symmetric systems with odd non-linear terms are introduced, and their higher-order approximate analytical solutions are derived using a novel approach. In proposed method, the restoring force function is represented by its Fourier series expansion. Unlike previous papers, linearizing the equation or taking the first derivative of the Fourier series in the subsequent iteration is unnecessary. However, to enhance the solution’s accuracy, the remaining error from each iteration is utilized in the next one. Finally, by combining the results from the two introduced systems, the analytical period and corresponding periodic solution of the original problem can be obtained. This method is applied to the governing differential equation of FG beams resting on non-linear foundations, a physical non-natural oscillator, and conservative Toda oscillator. The key advantages of this approach are its simplicity and its ability to provide highly precise solutions for both small and large amplitudes in a single iteration.
On sphaleron heating in the presence of fermions
Authors: Drewes Marco , Zell Sebastian 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Axion-like particles with a coupling to non-Abelian gauge fields at finite temperature can
experience dissipation due to sphaleron heating. This could play an important role for warm
inflation or dynamical dark energy. We investigate to what degree the efficiency of this
non-perturbative mechanism depends on the details of the underlying particle physics model. For a
wide range of scenarios and energy scales, we find that a previously discussed suppression of
sphaleron heating by light fermions can be alleviated. As an outlook, we point out that fermionic
effects may provide a new mechanism for ending warm inflation.
Decellularized porcine peripheral nerve based injectable hydrogels as a Schwann cell carrier for injured spinal cord regeneration
Authors: Agarwal Gopal , Shumard Samantha , McCrary Michaela W , Osborne Olivia , Santiago Jorge Mojica , Ausec Breanna , Schmidt Christine E 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective. To develop a clinically relevant injectable hydrogel derived from decellularized porcine peripheral nerves and with mechanical properties comparable to native central nervous system (CNS) tissue to be used as a delivery vehicle for Schwann cell transplantation to treat spinal cord injury (SCI). Approach. Porcine peripheral nerves (sciatic and peroneal) were decellularized by chemical decellularization using a sodium deoxycholate and DNase (SDD) method previously developed by our group. The decellularized nerves were delipidated using dichloromethane and ethanol solvent and then digested using pepsin enzyme to form injectable hydrogel formulations. Genipin was used as a crosslinker to enhance mechanical properties. The injectability, mechanical properties, and gelation kinetics of the hydrogels were further analyzed using rheology. Schwann cells encapsulated within the injectable hydrogel formulations were passed through a 25-gauge needle and cell viability was assessed using live/dead staining. The ability of the hydrogel to maintain Schwann cell viability against an inflammatory milieu was assessed in vitro using inflamed astrocytes co-cultured with Schwann cells. Main
results. The SDD method effectively removes cells and retains extracellular matrix in decellularized tissues. Using rheological studies, we found that delipidation of decellularized porcine peripheral nerves using dichloromethane and ethanol solvent improves gelation kinetics and mechanical strength of hydrogels. The delipidated and decellularized hydrogels crosslinked using genipin mimicked the mechanical strength of CNS tissue. The hydrogels were found to have shear thinning properties desirable for injectable formulations and they also maintained higher Schwann cell viability during injection compared to saline controls. Using in vitro co-culture experiments, we found that the genipin-crosslinked hydrogels also protected Schwann cells from astrocyte-mediated inflammation. Significance. Injectable hydrogels developed using delipidated and decellularized porcine peripheral nerves are a potential clinically relevant solution to deliver Schwann cells, and possibly other therapeutic cells, at the SCI site by maintaining higher cellular viability and increasing therapeutic efficacy for SCI treatment.
Speech decoding from stereo-electroencephalography (sEEG) signals using advanced deep learning methods
Authors: Wu Xiaolong , Wellington Scott , Fu Zhichun , Zhang Dingguo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective. Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) are technologies that bypass damaged or disrupted neural pathways and directly decode brain signals to perform intended actions. BCIs for speech have the potential to restore communication by decoding the intended speech directly. Many studies have demonstrated promising results using invasive micro-electrode arrays and electrocorticography. However, the use of stereo-electroencephalography (sEEG) for speech decoding has not been fully recognized. Approach. In this research, recently released sEEG data were used to decode Dutch words spoken by epileptic participants. We decoded speech waveforms from sEEG data using advanced deep-learning methods. Three methods were implemented: a linear regression method, an recurrent neural network (RNN)-based sequence-to-sequence model (RNN), and a transformer model. Main results. Our RNN and transformer models outperformed the linear regression significantly, while no significant difference was found between the two deep-learning methods. Further investigation on individual electrodes showed that the same decoding result can be obtained using only a few of the electrodes. Significance. This study demonstrated that decoding speech from sEEG signals is possible, and the location of the electrodes is critical to the decoding performance.
Synergistic effects of global exclusion and mutation on replicator dynamics of public cooperation
Authors: Jia Dengyu , Wang Xiaofeng 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Global exclusion represents an effective mechanism for the evolution of cooperation, even within an infinitely well-mixed population. However, it remains unknown how global exclusion performs when faced with the evolutionary challenges posed by both defection and neutral mutation in the public goods game. Here, we report that global exclusion is able to resist or even have a positive interplay with unbiased mutations in the replicator dynamics of public cooperation. In the limit of an infinite population size, we find that the replicator-mutation dynamics can result in either a global stable coexistence or two local stable coexistences, whose attraction basins are separated by an unstable fixed point, between global exclusion and defection, as well as several types of bifurcations. Interestingly, there is an optimal mutation rate that leads to the largest enhancement of the emergent level for cooperation by global exclusion when the exclusion cost is reasonably low. Our results thus indicate that random exploration of strategies by mutation can enhance the beneficial effects of global exclusion on the evolution of public cooperation.
Long-term memory on popularity dynamics: insights from the Billboard Hot 100 chart
Authors: Soh Hyungjoon , Hyung Hong Joo , Jeong Jaeseung , Jeong Hawoong 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This study delves into the dynamics of popularity as a crucial aspect of population dynamics, drawing from ecology and social science literature. The focus is on constructing an accurate model for understanding the spread of novelty, memes, and influences within human society, particularly through online platforms such as YouTube, Twitter, and Amazon. Traditional models, based on logistic and similar nonlinear differential equations, have shown limitations in long-term prediction accuracy, partially due to unexplained deviations. Recent research suggests the significance of long-term memory effects on popularity, characterized by a power-law response function, a phenomenon particularly evident in the realm of online mass media. Our research analyzes the Billboard Hot 100 chart, a comprehensive dataset of music popularity spanning several decades, to examine these dynamics. By integrating logistic growth with a power-law decaying long-term memory model, we demonstrate that the trajectory of popularity rankings is predominantly influenced by initial popularity levels and the strength of memory effects. Our findings reveal the pivotal role of long-term memory and the extent of initial popularity in shaping popularity dynamics over time. The study underscores the impact of mass media evolution and the differential effects of spreading mechanisms and accumulated popularity on these dynamics, particularly when long-term memory is a factor. This work contributes to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms driving popularity and its long-term trends in the digital age.
Introduction
Authors: Darby Derrick , Martinez Eduardo J 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This Introduction explains the topic of the book with an appeal to Bayard Rustin’s experiences as a political organizer working in the context of diverse coalitions. It describes Rustin’s dilemma: over the course of his career, Rustin repeatedly faced the challenge of coordinating the collective pursuit of projects in a way that is accountable to intra- and intergroup heterogeneity, which is a dilemma that is faced by many citizens in democracies today. It also describes the plan for the book, which is structured around answering three key questions: How does one become boxed in by tightly scripted identities? What does one need to break free? How does one break free? The Introduction also clarifies the scope of the book and the kind of guidance it does, and does not, offer.
Boxed In
Authors: Darby Derrick , Martinez Eduardo J 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter describes and analyzes the phenomenon of being boxed in by tightly scripted identities. It answers three key questions: What does it mean for collective identities to be tightly scripted? How do tightly scripted identities box people in? How does boxing in get in the way of their projects? In addition to describing the phenomenon of being boxed in via numerous case studies, the chapter also establishes a taxonomy of the different ways that one can be boxed in by tight scripts: how one thinks and feels, how one acts, and with whom one associates. The answers to the chapter’s key questions and the phenomenon of being boxed in are illustrated using examples including Charlie Parker, Jay-Z, and Oprah, soccer chants, trans members of the US military, Ralph Ellison, Christian conservatives interested in criminal justice, and MENA Americans’ perspectives on the US Census.
Spirits
Authors: McGovern Nathan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter deconstructs the concept of “local spirit religion” and argues that this category lacks specificity. Even though it might seem that Buddhism acts on a “local religion,” comparative linguistics shows that many aspects of “Tai religion” actually derive from Chinese culture. There is no “local Tai religion” insofar as everything is local and nothing is local. This leads to an examination of phī (Tai spirits) in the historical record. The phī were originally beings of ambiguous moral status and various ranks, but Buddhism’s implicit theology relegated them to the lowly status of ghosts. The chapter ends by arguing that the modern discourse of religion, based on a post-Reformation, post-Enlightenment rationalized paradigm of Christianity, constructs “local religion” to explain the aspects of Buddhism that do not fit that paradigm.
Gods
Authors: McGovern Nathan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter takes as its starting point the insight from Chapter 4 that the continuities between the older Sanskrit Cosmopolis and current Pali Cosmopolis give a space for Hindu discourses to exercise agency within Siamese Buddhism. It begins with a survey of the place of saiyasāt in Sukhōthai and Ayutthayā and interest in Hinduism in early Bangkok. It then turns to a pivotal event: the construction of the Ērāwan Shrine, a shrine to the god Brahmā, in the 1950s, which sparked a wave of Hindu enthusiasm that has played an important role in the construction of the modern category of “holy things.”
Buddha Images
Authors: McGovern Nathan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter returns to the problematic introduced at the beginning of the book, namely, that posed by Luang Phǭ Sōthǭn and other famous Buddha images that are propitiated for mundane boons like any other “holy thing.” There is evidence for the premodern propitiation of Buddha images for boons, but it takes a different form than modern kānbonbānsānklāo. It is informal and based on the very old Buddhist concept (found in the Pali Canon) that Buddhist relics can perform miracles through the “resolution” by arhats, devas, or ordinary worshipers to dedicate merit to a specific purpose. This capacity for miracles was then merged with the practice of asking supernatural beings for boons when saksit was used to translate the concept of “holy” in the nineteenth century, bringing gods, spirits, Buddha images, and more under the same category.
Conclusion
Authors: McGovern Nathan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The conclusion revisits the thesis and main themes of the book. It reviews in particular the findings of Part II of the book with respect to gods, spirits, and Buddha images in light of the genealogical study of the category sing saksit performed in Part I. This leads back to the central thesis of the book, which is that syncretism is the solution to a pseudo-problem posed by misunderstanding the nature of Buddhist inclusivism. It also provides an explanation for why syncretism is such an appealing theory in spite of how problematic it is.
Introduction
Authors: van den Brink Martijn 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This introductory chapter examines the reasons for the indifference among legal scholars to the European Union (EU) legislative process. It illustrates, through a comparison of the EU Court of Justice and the European Court of Human Rights, why it is important to place the legislature and the choices it makes central to our legal debates. And it explains what methodological approach to take in order to place it there. It explains, more specifically, that the proper allocation of EU legislative and judicial authority cannot be identified using doctrinal legal. Instead, it requires lawyers to exercise political judgement. Finally, the chapter outlines the book’s structure.
Variations in emergency hemorrhage panel turnaround times in 2 major medical centers using the same laboratory methods
Authors: Hogan Matthew E , Liu Zhinan , Stansbury Lynn G , Vavilala Monica S , Hess John R , Tsang Hamilton C 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Demand for rapid coagulation testing for massive transfusion events led to development of an emergency hemorrhage panel (EHP; hemoglobin, platelet count, prothrombin time/international normalized ratio, and fibrinogen), with laboratory turnaround time (TAT) of less than 20 minutes. Ten years on, we asked if current laboratory practices were meeting that TAT goal and differences were evident in TAT between the 2 major institutions in our system.

Methods
We identified EHPs ordered at our 2 largest hospitals, February 2, 2021, to July 17, 2022, comparing order to specimen draw time, specimen draw to specimen received time, laboratory analytic time, and total TAT results from emergency department and operating room. Site 1 houses a level I trauma center; site 2 includes tertiary care, transplant, and obstetrics services.

Results
In total, 1137 EHPs were recorded in our study period. Laboratory TAT was significantly faster at site 1 (~14 vs ~27 minutes, P &lt; .01). Average laboratory TAT was under 20 minutes at site 1 but only for 50% of specimens at site 2. Outlier specimens were collection delays at site 1 and specimen processing delays at site 2.

Conclusions
The EHP can be performed as rapidly as described. However, compromises in laboratory location, available personnel, and processing differences can degrade performance.
The pandemic preterm paradox: a test of competing explanations
Authors: Catalano Ralph A , Bruckner Tim A , Gemmill Alison , Margerison Claire E 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Epidemiologists have long argued that side effects of the stress response include preterm birth. Research reports that fear of lethal infection stressed pregnant persons at the outset of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and that “shutdowns” and “social distancing” impeded access to social support and prenatal care. The decline in preterm births in high-income countries, including the United States, during the early months of the pandemic therefore poses a paradox for science. Explanations of this “pandemic preterm paradox” remain untested. We applied time-series modeling to data describing 80 monthly conception cohorts begun in the United States from July 2013 through February 2020 to determine which of 3 explanations most parsimoniously explained the paradox. We infer that “prior loss,” or the argument that an increase in spontaneous abortions and stillbirths depleted the population of fetuses at risk of preterm birth, best explains data currently available. We describe the implications of these results for public health practice.