bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suicide prevention in France
Authors: Narboni Véronique , Soubrier Jean-Pierre 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
France has often been described as an ideal place to live: fine wining and dining, lovely villages and cities, where the pursuit of happiness defines the quality of life. Despite this positive image, another face of French society emerges in a country with one of the highest suicide rates in Europe.
Every year, more than 10,000 people commit suicide in France; representing 1 suicide every 50 minutes. However, recent publications from the High Level Committee on Public Health (Haut comité de Santé publique), state that these figures are underestimated by about 20 per cent. Reasons for underestimation are mainly due to the fact that most suicides are ‘hidden’ behind other more obvious causes of death, such as accidents and drug poisoning, or the simple fact that suicide is not identified as such.
After a significant increase in the 1980s, suicide rates in France have been gradually dropping since 1993. However, today, death by suicide remains high, which is double of that by car accidents. Furthermore, it has been reported that between 160,000 and 180,000 suicide attempts take place every year, representing 16–18 times the number of completed suicides.
In France, suicide is the first cause of death in the 35–44 age group, and the second cause of death in the 15–24 age group, according to the latest statistical analysis (INSERM 2005).
Suicide prevention in Romania
Authors: Cozman Doina 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Romania, located in south-eastern Europe, has 41 counties and the District of Bucharest, with a population in 2000 of 21.7 million, 45 per cent of whom reside in rural settings. Loss of financial stability during the transition to free market economy is a characteristic of contemporary Romanian society. Dramatic shifts within the 1990s have generated interest in mental health and prevention in psychiatry, which includes the legislative Mental Health Law, which was passed through Parliament in 2002 (Jane-Llopis and Anderson 2006). Reporting suicide statistics to the WHO, which was banned during the communist regime, became possible after the political changes in December 1989 (Schmidtke et al. 2004).
Suicide statistics were not reported to the international medical or political structures, a ‘strategy’, which was employed to cover up the sad reality that the totalitarian regime restricted human rights (Cozman 2004).
Suicide prevention in Russia
Authors: Krasnov Valery , Voitsekh Vladimir 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe suicide rate is considered a statistically stable phenomenon for certain countries, regions and ethnicities. However, recently suicide rates have been increasing all over the world, especially among young people. Moreover, they are the prevalent cause of death in the 15–34 age group (World Health Organization 2001). In this sense, Russia is no different from other countries. Suicide is the fifth cause of all deaths in this country, and this fact calls for preventive measures.On the basis of suicide rate, the WHO has recognized Russia as a country in an emergency situation, and the noticeable correlations between the prevalence of suicides and homicides seems to confirm this statement.
Suicide prevention in Ukraine
Authors: Rozanov Vsevolod , Mokhovikov Alexander 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAccording to the WHO official data, for the period from 1986 to 1996, there was a dramatic rise in suicide rates in the Ukraine, from 18.47 to 29.43 per 100,000. Since 1997, there has been a steady lowering of suicide rates, and the latest available data, in 2006, is 19.54. per 100,000. Nevertheless, today, the Ukraine remains the country with ‘high’ suicide rates, where suicide in males is almost five times higher than in females, and in rural areas suicide rates are almost twice as high as in the urban environment.
Suicide prevention in Canada
Authors: Turecki Gustavo , Séguin Monique 
Published: January 2012

AbstractSuicide is a major public health problem in Canada. While several different initiatives have been made since 2000 to develop and implement a national strategy, the Canadian Government still has no public suicide-prevention programme. However, a few Canadian provinces and/or jurisdictions currently have or previously had a defined and/or implemented suicide prevention programme or targeted strategy. This chapter describes the major points of these strategies and identifies areas of concern.
Suicide prevention in the United States of America
Authors: Reed Jerry , Silverman Morton M 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
In May 1993, the United Nations convened a meeting of fifteen experts from twelve countries (Australia, Canada, China, Estonia, Finland, Hungary, India, Japan, Netherlands, Nigeria, United Arab Emirates and the United States) to draft guidelines for the development of national strategies for the prevention of suicidal behaviours (Ramsay and Tanney 1996). These guidelines were subsequently published as Prevention of suicide: guidelines for the formulation and implementation of national strategies (United Nations 1996).
The UN Guidelines emphasized that the development of a national strategy required:
1 A government-initiated national policy that declares suicide prevention as a public health priority; 2 Broad involvement from different sectors and segments of society, and
3 The establishment of a coordinating body to formulate and implement the strategy (Ramsey 2001).
In 1997, following the United Nations Guidelines, advocates pressed for resolutions to be introduced in the 105th Congress of the United States to recognize suicide as a national problem, worthy of a national solution, and calling for the development of a national strategy. Both resolutions specifically urged the development of ‘an effective national strategy for the prevention of suicide’, and were critical steps in moving suicide prevention efforts in the United States forward.
Suicide prevention in South America
Authors: Alterwain Paulo , Basile Héctor , Fränkel Daniel , Greif Jaime , Hernandez Silvia , Paparamborda María del Carmen 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
South America is a major region in the world, which includes many countries on the continent of South America, Central America and Mexico. The historic origin, cultural development, and various populations, which share similar characteristics, are reasons why this major region is also known as Latin America.
Psychosocial and economical related problems are prominent in South America. Diverse trauma including loss of cultural values and traditional beliefs, poverty, hunger, discrimination, violence, natural disasters, and poor working and social conditions are influencing mental health.
Suicide, as well as suicidal behaviour, is an individualistic phenomenon. However, suicidal actions are multifaceted and cluster-based, and often determined by poor social conditions. Accumulation of negative life events can be triggering factors for suicidal conditions.
Cultural differences with regard to style and characteristics can be found in suicides that are committed in both urban and rural areas. In South America particularly, the general beliefs and penalties regarding suicides are quite similar to those of the Judeo-Christian European cultural perspectives. Europe originated legal features (mainly from The Netherlands and Italy) in the nineteenth century are maintained, and can be seen in their respective penal codes. Suicide is not penalized. Suicidal behaviours are referred to either psychiatric or psychological treatment.
Uruguayan laws date from 1889, with some adjustments in 1934. The law recognizes and protects the right to life and any stimulus, cooperation or help to any person attempting suicide is punished.
In 2006, suicide rates in South America were 6.4/100,000 (Paparamborda 2007). Suicides in different South American countries vary among age groups: adolescents, young people, and the elderly (Granados 1977; World Health Organization 2000).
Epidemiologic information on completed suicide is still scarce in South and Central America, and the magnitude of so-called uncertain cases of suicide is not known (Bertolote and Fleischmann 2002).
Suicide prevention in Brazil
Authors: Botega Neury J , D'Oliveira Carlos Felipe Almeida , Bertolote José M 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBrazil is the largest, and most populous, country in South America (population estimated in 2005 at 185 million). The low suicide rate in Brazil (around 4 per 100,000 inhabitants/year) is similar to those of most South American countries; however, in some population groups, such as farmers and male adolescents in the Rio Grande do Sul state, and for youngsters living in urban areas and indigenous groups, the rates are considerably higher. In spite of the low national suicide rate, the total number of suicides in 2005 was 8550, which places Brazil amongst the countries with the highest number of suicide deaths (Souza et al. 2002; Oliveira and Lotufo Neto 2003; Brasil—Ministerio da Saude 2006a).
Suicide prevention in Cuba
Authors: Perez Barrero Sergio A 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
In Cuba, family and forensic doctors determine the diagnosis for the cause of death as suicide, although in uncertain cases, the police and official services of forensic medicine contribute to the diagnosis. This procedure prevents problems of concealment of suicide death that are connected to religious or life insurance issues, and strengthens the reliability of the diagnosis of the cause of death as suicide in Cuba.
Suicide ranks among the top ten leading causes of death in the country (Perez Barrero 1996), and although suicide rates have decreased substantially, they continue to be high in comparison with other countries in South America (World Health Organization 1999, 2000a). The truth is that suicide rates in Cuba are often misinterpreted. Mortality statistics in Cuba are highly reliable, and this may partially explain why Cuba has higher suicide rates than other South American countries. Moreover, the high suicide mortality dates back to the nineteenth century.
Suicide prevention in Peru
Authors: Pettersén Rossana , Vasquez Freddy 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Peru has a multi-ethnic population and an estimated 28 million inhabitants spread across a national territory, which comprises three principal regions: the coast, the highlands, and the Amazon rainforest.
Peru has started to recover from the effects of two decades of extensive human rights violations due to civil war, which has mentally affected the entire population. There are at least about 22,000 families or 132,000 individuals in need of mental health care as a result of the violence generated by terrorist and military actions. Psychological effects such as prolonged fear, distrust of neighbours, the breakdown of families, loss of property, postponed grief and desperation (Fraser 2004) have contributed to the deterioration of the mental health of the general population, including increased rates of post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and associated health disorders. The Harvard University Gazette reported that the reduction of the social capital created higher rates of hopelessness, demoralization, diminished quality of life, and waves of forced migration, mainly from rural areas to the cities; and this has had its effect on the mental health of the Peruvian population (Harvard Gazette Archives 2006).
First Report of Tulip virus X on Tulip in Poland
Authors: Sochacki D. , Komorowska B. 
Published: January 2012

Tulip virus X (TVX) was first isolated from tulips in Scotland (3). TVX is now found in all tulip-growing areas throughout the Netherlands, and other countries including Japan and New Zealand (2). In Poland, tulips are grown for bulb production in an estimated area of 450 ha. Since tulips are very popular during the winter season, bulbs are imported for forcing from the Netherlands. In spring 2011, symptoms typical of TVX infection were observed in field-grown ‘Strong Gold’ tulips in two farms in Mazovia Province. Leaves showed chlorotic and white, elongated streaks and spots, which are typical symptoms of TVX infection. Symptomatic leaves of four tulip plants tested positive by using TVX polyclonal antiserum in a double-antibody sandwich-ELISA assay (Bulb Quality Support B.V., Lisse, The Netherlands), whereas two plants were also infected with Tulip breaking virus. Total RNA was extracted from leaves of the same four symptomatic tulips with a silica capture method (1) and the extracts were used in a reverse transcription-PCR. Primers for the detection of TVX as well as cycling conditions were as previously reported (4). Primer pairs TVX1F-TVX1R and TVX2F-TVX2R are specific for a 219-bp fragment of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene and a 189-bp fragment of the triple gene block gene-1, respectively. Amplified PCR products of the expected sizes were purified and sequenced (Genomed S.A., Warsaw, Poland). Sequence analyses showed that both fragments had 99.5 to 100% sequence identities at the nucleotide level with Genbank Accession No. AB066288. Two of the 219-bp amplicon sequences, varied by one nucleotide resulting in an amino acid substitution, were deposited in GenBank under Accession Nos. JN411683 and JN411684. To our knowledge, this is the first report of TVX in tulip in Poland. The occurrence of this virus could be important for bulb and flower production, particularly in the case of further spread because the virus can cause severe symptoms that make flowers unmarketable. References: (1) R. Boom et al. J. Clin. Microbiol. 28:495,1990. (2) P. J. M. Knippels. Acta Hortic. (ISHS) 886:147, 2011. (3) W. P. Mowat. Ann. Appl. Biol. 101:51, 1982. (4) I. E. Tzanetakis et al. Plant Pathol. 54:562, 2005.
A Diagnostic Guide for Fusarium Wilt of Watermelon
Authors: Kleczewski Nathan M. , Egel Daniel S. 
Published: January 2012

Fusarium wilt causes major losses in watermelon production areas worldwide. Here we provide a diagnostic guide that describes general methods for disease recognition, pathogen isolation, and pathogen identification. Methods for storage and pathogenicity screens are also discussed. Accepted for publication 26 October 2011. Published 29 November 2011.
Field Evaluation of Trichoderma spp. for Control of Armillaria Root Rot of Peach
Authors: Schnabel G. , Rollins A. P. , Henderson G. W. 
Published: January 2012

Management of Armillaria root rot (ARR) of perennial crops is challenging and requires an integrated approach. In this study, Trichoderma asperellum and T. gamsii formulated as Remedier WP were drenched onto peach trees 3 to 12 days after planting (2007), and biannually thereafter in spring and fall for a total of three years in two commercial replant sites of South Carolina. All trees were planted in spots where a tree had declined from ARR the previous season to maximize disease pressure. Tree survival and trunk diameter were determined each year in the control and Remedier WP treatments. Four years after planting (2011), about 50% of all control trees and Remedier WP-treated trees had died from ARR in both locations. There was no statistical significance in survival between the treatments in either location. However, three and four years after planting, surviving Remedier WP-treated trees had significantly larger tree trunks compared to control trees in the Campobello location. Not enough trees survived in the other location for meaningful analysis of tree trunk diameter data. Our results show that in soils with heavy ARR inoculum levels, biannual drenches of Trichoderma spp. formulated as Remedier WP starting at planting are ineffective for ARR control of peach. Accepted for publication 27 October 2011. Published 29 November 2011.
Foliar Nematodes: A Summary of Biology and Control with a Compilation of Host Range
Authors: Kohl Lisa M. 
Published: January 2012

Foliar nematodes (Aphelenchoides fragariae, A. ritzemabosi, and A. besseyi) are pathogens of ornamental crops in greenhouse and nursery production, and may infect some field crops as well. Foliar nematodes migrate over plant surfaces through films of water to enter the stomates of leaves, causing vein-delimited lesions on leaf tissue. This review covers research on the identification, biology, epidemiology, and management of foliar nematodes, and also provides a new compilation of plant hosts that includes over 700 different plant species. Accepted for publication 11 October 2011. Published 29 November 2011.
Interactive effects of approach motivational intensity and alcohol cues on the scope of perceptual attention
Authors: Hicks Joshua A. , Friedman Ronald S. , Gable Philip A. , Davis William E. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTAims  Many theoretical perspectives suggest that alcohol‐related stimuli bear on attentional processes. Building upon these ideas and recent advances regarding the attention‐constricting impact of approach motivational states, we predicted that mere exposure to alcohol‐related images would suffice to reduce the breadth of attention among individuals who possessed a strong motivation to consume alcohol.Design  Two studies exposed participants to alcohol and neutral cues prior to assessing attention structure. In both studies, measures of alcohol use, negative alcohol expectancies, trait approach motivation and alcohol‐related approach motivation were assessed.Setting and participants  Study 1 comprised 102 undergraduates and study 2 comprised 161 undergraduates. Studies were conducted at Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.Measurements  In both studies, participants were briefly exposed to pictures of various stimuli (alcohol versus neutral pictures). After each picture was displayed, participants completed a trial assessing attentional focus.Findings  After controlling for relevant covariates, both studies demonstrated that exposure to alcohol‐related pictures led to a narrowing of attentional focus among individuals who possessed a strong motivation to use alcohol. Exposure to neutral pictures, however, did not interact with alcohol‐related motivation to influence attentional focus.Conclusions  Alcohol cues narrow attentional breadth for individuals who are motivated to consume alcohol, suggesting a non‐pharmacological means in which alcohol produces a narrow mindset. Alcohol cues may contribute to cognitive and behavioral deficits, as well as drinking behaviors, in part, because they lead to the inability to process a broad range of information in the environment.
Early serum HBsAg level as a strong predictor of sustained response to peginterferon alfa‐2a in HBeAg‐negative chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Peng C.‐Y. , Lai H.‐C. , Li Y.‐F. , Su W.‐P. , Chuang P.‐H. , Kao J.‐T. 
Published: January 2012

SummaryBackgroundThe roles remain unclear of early on‐treatment quantitative serum HBsAg and hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels in the prediction of a sustained response (SR) to peginterferon alfa‐2a therapy in HBeAg‐negative chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients infected with genotype B or C.AimsTo determine their roles in HBeAg‐negative CHB patients infected with genotype B or C.MethodsSixty‐one patients were treated with peginterferon alfa‐2a for 48 weeks. Serum HBsAg levels were quantified using the Abbott Architect HBsAg QT assay throughout treatment. Multiple regression analyses were performed to identify independent predictors of SR.ResultsNineteen patients (31%) achieved SR with serum HBV DNA levels <312 copies/mL at 24 weeks post‐treatment. Serum HBsAg levels at 12 (OR 31.9; 95% CI 4.8–209.6; P = 0.0003) and 24 weeks of therapy (OR 8.8; 95% CI 2.0–38.0; P = 0.0035), and HBV DNA levels at baseline (OR 7.0; 95% CI 1.3–36.2; P = 0.0203), 12 (OR 7.9; 95% CI 1.2–48.4; P = 0.0249) and 24 weeks of therapy (OR 22.3; 95% CI 2.2–224.0; P = 0.0083) were early independent predictors of SR. A serum HBsAg cut‐off of 150 IU/mL at week 12 had an AUC, sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values of 0.75, 63%, 95%, 86% and 85% with respect to predicting SR respectively.ConclusionsA quantitative serum HBsAg level at 12 weeks of therapy can be used for the early prediction of SR to peginterferon therapy in HBeAg‐negative CHB patients infected with genotype B or C.
Early relapse and refractory disease remain risk factors in the anthracycline and autologous transplant era for patients with relapsed/refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma: a single centre intention‐to‐treat analysis
Authors: Greaves Paul , Wilson Andrew , Matthews Janet , Brown Daniel L. P. , Auer Rebecca , Montoto Silvia , Lister T. Andrew , Gribben John G 
Published: January 2012

SummaryAn intention‐to‐treat (ITT) analysis was performed in 103 unselected patients with relapsed/refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL) comparing early relapse (<12 months) or failure of first‐line therapy (ER/FTF) with late relapses (LR). Seventy one percentage proceeded to high‐dose therapy/autologous stem cell rescue (HDT/ASCR) following salvage treatment. By ITT, 5‐year overall survival (OS) was 50% for ER/FTF compared to 73% for LR patients (P = 0·012). However OS was equivalent for both groups if salvage treatment response was adequate to proceed to HDT/ASCR. ER/FTF patients remain a high‐risk group largely due to a failure of salvage therapy: a point at which novel interventions could impact survival.
Acute splenic sequestration crisis in sickle cell disease: cohort study of 190 paediatric patients
Authors: Brousse Valentine , Elie Caroline , Benkerrou Malika , Odièvre Marie‐Hélène , Lesprit Emmanuelle , Bernaudin Francoise , Grimaud Marion , Guitton Corinne , Quinet Béatrice , Dangiolo Silvana , de Montalembert Mariane 
Published: January 2012

SummaryAcute splenic sequestration crisis (ASSC) is an unpredictable life‐threatening complication of sickle cell disease (SCD) in infants. Here, our objective was to update available clinical information on ASSC. We retrospectively studied the 190 patients who were diagnosed at birth with SS or Sbeta0 in the Paris conurbation between 2000 and 2009 and who experienced ASSC. They had 437 ASSC episodes (0·06/patient‐year). Median age at the first episode was 1·4 years (0·1–7) and 67% of patients had more than one episode. Age was the only factor predicting recurrence: the risk was lower when the first episode occurred after 2 years versus before 1 year of age (hazard ratio, 0·60; 95% confidence interval, 0·41–0·88; P = 0·025). A concomitant clinical event was found in 57% of episodes. The mortality rate was 0·53%. The treatment consisted in watchful waiting without prophylactic blood transfusions or splenectomy in 103 (54%) patients and in a blood transfusion programme in 55 (29%) patients. Overall, splenectomy was performed in 71 (37%) patients, at a median age of 4·5 years (range, 1·9–9·4). In conclusion, aggressive treatment may be warranted in patients experiencing ASSC before 2 years of age. Randomized controlled trials are needed to define the best treatment modalities.