bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Continuous Flow Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Oxidative Heck Reactions with Arylboronic Acids
Authors: Odell Luke R. , Lindh Jonas , Gustafsson Tomas , Larhed Mats 
Published: March 2010

AbstractPalladium(II)‐catalyzed oxidative Heck reactions were investigated under continuous flow conditions. Selective, fast and convenient protocols for the coupling of arylboronic acids with electron‐rich and electron‐poor olefins were developed by using a commercially available flow reactor.
Overview and rationale for the Systematic Screening and Assessment Method
Authors: Leviton Laura C. , Gutman Marjorie A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis chapter gives the rationale and conceptual defense for the Systematic Screening and Assessment (SSA) Method, a way to identify the most promising innovations in preparation for rigorous evaluation. The SSA Method starts by identifying the innovations that real‐world practitioners have developed and then systematically assesses which innovations will offer the greatest payoff from further evaluation. Through sequential purchase of evaluative information, the SSA Method aims to avoid a variety of problems that evaluators encounter in studying innovations. Besides the identification of promising innovations for evaluation, the benefits include expert technical assistance and feedback to innovators, cross‐site syntheses of trends and common practices, and cost efficiency compared to evaluating innovations that have not been selected or screened for promise. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
Applying the Systematic Screening and Assessment Method to childhood obesity prevention
Authors: Dawkins Nicola , Wethington Holly , Khan Laura Kettel , Grunbaum Jo Anne , Robin Leah , Barnes Seraphine Pitt , Cotton David , Dunet Diane O. , Leviton Laura C. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe authors describe application of the Systematic Screening and Assessment (SSA) Method to an initiative called the Early Assessment of Programs and Policies to Prevent Childhood Obesity. Over a 2‐year period, a national network of practitioners, policy makers, and funders nominated programs and policies across five substantive areas: school district local wellness policies, school‐based comprehensive physical activity programs, day care and after‐school programs, access to healthy foods in low‐income communities, and changes in the built environment to promote physical activity. The role of an expert panel in selecting innovations for evaluability assessment on the basis of the likelihood for a positive health impact is described. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
Training and support for evaluability assessment methodology
Authors: Osuji Thearis A. , Dawkins Nicola , Rice Starr M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe authors describe training of a network of professionals to conduct evaluability assessments for the Early Assessment of Programs and Policies on Childhood Obesity Initiative (Early Assessment Initiative). We learned that (1) the professionals trained had a diverse set of skills and expertise, (2) a training refresher session solidified methods and concepts, (3) evaluability assessments were improved when training included content on qualitative interviewing and development and application of logic models, and (4) comprehensive and consistent training methods helped to ensure consistency and methodological integrity. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
Impact, insights, and implications of the Systematic Screening and Assessment Method
Authors: Khan Laura Kettel , Dawkins Nicola , Leviton Laura C. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe authors present both impressions and evidence about early impacts of the Systematic Screening and Assessment (SSA) Method as applied to childhood obesity prevention. They describe how the approach has rapidly identified policy and environmental interventions that are promising and worthy of further study, contributed to field knowledge about childhood obesity prevention, and encouraged further development of specific policies and environmental interventions. The SSA Method presents a new way of identifying promising interventions from the field. By stimulating discussion of real‐world application among prevention researchers, it has contributed to developing a research agenda for policy and environmental approaches to prevention. By identifying real‐world applications for formal evaluation, SSA facilitates a process parallel to translation of research to practice: that is, translation of practice to research. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
fMRI study of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy using amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuation analysis
Authors: Zhang Zhiqiang , Lu Guangming , Zhong Yuan , Tan Qifu , Chen Huafu , Liao Wei , Tian Lei , Li Zhihao , Shi Jixin , Liu Yijun 
Published: March 2010

AbstractVarious functional imaging tools have been used to detect epileptic activity in the neural network underlying mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE). In the present fMRI study, a data‐driven approach was employed to map interictal epileptic activity in mTLE patients by measuring the amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuation (ALFF) of the blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) signal. Twenty‐four left mTLE patients and 26 right mTLE patients were investigated by comparing with 25 healthy subjects. In the patients, the regions showing increased ALFF were consistently distributed in the mesial temporal lobe, thalamus, and a few of other cortical and subcortical structures composing a mesial temporal epilepsy network proposed previously, while the regions showing decreased ALFF were mostly located in the areas of so‐called default‐mode network. Data of simultaneous EEG‐fMRI from a portion of the patients suggested that the increases in ALFF might be associated with the interictal epileptic activity. Individual analyses based on statistic parametric mapping revealed a moderate sensitivity and a fairly high specificity for the lateralization of unilateral mTLE. We conclude that the ALFF analysis may provide a useful tool in fMRI study of epilepsy. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Overall brain connectivity maps show cortico‐subcortical abnormalities in schizophrenia
Authors: Salvador Raymond , Sarró Salvador , Gomar Jesús J. , Ortiz‐Gil Jordi , Vila Fidel , Capdevila Antoni , Bullmore Ed , McKenna Peter J. , Pomarol‐Clotet Edith 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAbnormal interactions between areas of the brain have been pointed as possible causes for schizophrenia. However, the nature of these disturbances and the anatomical location of the regions involved are still unclear. Here, we describe a method to estimate maps of net levels of connectivity in the resting brain, and we apply it to look for differential patterns of connectivity in schizophrenia. This method uses partial coherences as a basic measure of covariability, and it minimises the effect of major physiological noise. When overall (net) connectivity maps of a sample of 40 patients with schizophrenia were compared with the maps from a matched sample of 40 controls, a single area of abnormality was found. It is an area of patient hyper‐connectivity and is located frontally, in medial and orbital structures, clearly overlapping the anterior node of the default mode network (DMN). When this area is used as a region of interest in a second‐level analysis, it shows functional hyper‐connections with several cortical and subcortical structures. Interestingly, the most significant abnormality is found with the caudate, which has a bilateral pattern of abnormality, pointing to a possible DMN–striatum deviant relation in schizophrenia. However, hyper‐connectivity observed with other regions (right hippocampus and amygdala, and other cortical structures) suggests a more pervasive alteration of brain connectivity in this disease. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Two New Indole Alkaloids from Tabernaemontana hystrixSteud. (Apocynaceae)
Authors: de Souza Jucimar J. , Mathias Leda , Braz‐Filho Raimundo , Vieira Ivo J. Curcino 
Published: March 2010

AbstractTwo new monoterpene indole alkaloids named ibogamine‐7,8‐dione (1) and 12‐methoxyvoachalotine (2), and eight known ones, coronaridine (3), coronaridine hydroxyindolenine (4), 5‐oxocoronaridine (5), 3‐oxocoronaridine hydroxyindolenine (6), 3‐oxocoronaridine (7), vobasine (8), ibogamine (9), and olivacine (10), were isolated from a CH2Cl2 extract of the root bark from Tabernaemontana hystrix. The structures of the compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data analyses, mainly 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR, including 2D experiments (1H,1H‐COSY, HMBC, and HMQC).
Five New C19‐Diterpenoid Alkaloids from Aconitum hemsleyanum
Authors: Shen Yong , Zuo Ai‐Xue , Jiang Zhi‐Yong , Zhang Xue‐Mei , Wang Hong‐Ling , Chen Ji‐Jun 
Published: March 2010

AbstractFive new C19‐diterpenoid alkaloids, named hemsleyaconitines A–E (1–5, resp.), were isolated from Aconitum hemsleyanum Pritz. By UV, IR, MS, 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR analyses, their structures were elucidated as 18‐dehydroxygeniculatine D (1), 6‐hydroxy‐14‐O‐veratroylneoline (2), 14‐O‐acetyl‐8‐ethoxysachaconitine (3), 18‐veratroylkaracoline (4) and 8‐O‐ethylaustroconitine B (5).
Three New Terpenoids from Pinus yunnanensis
Authors: Wang Bin , Ju Jing , He Xiu‐Feng , Yuan Tao , Yue Jian‐Min 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA new abietatrienoid, 15‐methoxydidehydroabietic acid (1), a new ring B‐seco abietatrienoid, 10‐hydroxy‐9,10‐secoabieta‐8,11,13‐trien‐18‐oic acid (2), and a new tetracyclic triterpenoid, pinusyunnanol (3), together with five known compounds, were obtained from the twigs and needles of Pinus yunnanensis. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by means of extensive spectroscopic analyses.
An Environmentally Benign Catalytic Method for Efficient and Selective Nucleophilic Ring Opening of Oxiranes by Zirconium Tetrakis(dodecyl Sulfate)
Authors: Jafarpour Maasoumeh , Rezaeifard Abdolreza , Aliabadi Marzieh 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAn operationally simple and environmentally benign protocol for a highly regio‐ and chemoselective preparation of β‐substituted alcohols by means of ring‐opening reactions of oxiranes with various aliphatic alcohols, H2O, NaN3, and NaCN as nucleophiles in the presence of catalytic amounts of zirconium tetrakis(dodecyl sulfate) as Lewis acid/surfactant‐combined catalysts (LASCs) was developed. The high efficiency of the catalyst was confirmed by the high product yields obtained within desired times and, in particularly by the reusability of the ZrIV complex.
Three New Dimeric Orcinol Glucosides from Curculigo orchioides
Authors: Zuo Ai‐Xue , Shen Yong , Jiang Zhi‐Yong , Zhang Xue‐Mei , Zhou Jun , Lü Jun , Chen Ji‐Jun 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThree new phenolic glucosides named orcinosides A, B, and C (1, 2, and 3, resp.) were isolated in low yields (4.0×10−6, 11.5×10−6, 4.5×10−6%, resp.) from the rhizomes of Curculigo orchioides. Their structures were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses including FAB‐MS, HR‐ESI‐MS, IR, and 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR (HSQC, HMBC) data. Compounds 1–3 contained two orcinol‐glucoside moieties linked through a CH2 group.
Synthesis of Racemic Δ3‐2‐Hydroxybakuchiol and Its Analogues
Authors: Shi Lei , Lei Xinsheng , Zhang Jiange , Lin Guoqiang 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe first synthetic approach to (±)‐Δ3‐2‐hydroxybakuchiol (=4‐[(1E,5E)‐3‐ethenyl‐7‐hydroxy‐3,7‐dimethylocta‐1,5‐dien‐1‐yl]phenol; 14) and its analogues 13a–13f was developed by 12 steps (Schemes 2 and 3). The key features of the approach are the construction of the quaternary C‐center bearing the ethenyl group by a Johnson–Claisen rearrangement (→6); and of an (E)‐alkenyl iodide via a Takai–Utimoto reaction (→11); and an arylation via a Negishi cross‐coupling reaction (→12e–12f).
Specific Deuteration in Patuletin and Related Flavonoids via Keto–Enol Tautomerism: Solvent‐ and Temperature‐Dependent 1H‐NMR Studies
Authors: Faizi Shaheen , Siddiqi Humaira , Naz Aneela , Bano Samina , Lubna  
Published: March 2010

AbstractAn H/D exchange process in patuletin (1) and its derivatives in D‐donor solvents (e.g., CF3COOD), which occurs regioselectively at C(8) was observed for the first time during NMR studies. The effect of substituents and temperature on the deuteration of various flavonoids (see Fig. 1) which include apigenin, chrysin, galangin, kaempferol, luteolin, morin, myricetin, patuletin, patulitrin, and quercetin, as well as derivatives of patuletin was examined extensively under NMR conditions. The rate constant of deuteration at C(8) of patuletin (1) and two flavones, luteolin (3) and apigenin (12), was also determined in CF3COOD. The D‐atom was introduced into the flavonoids via a keto–enol tautomerism (Scheme 1). During these studies, monodeuterated patuletin was also obtained as a new compound. The examined flavonoids have been reported to possess significant pharmacological activities, and their deuterated derivatives would be of importance for the identification and quantification of these compounds in biological matrices.
Medicinal Flowers. Part 29. Acylated Oleanane‐Type Triterpene Bisdesmosides: Perennisaponins G, H, I, J, K, L, and M with Pancreatic Lipase Inhibitory Activity from the Flowers of Bellis perennis
Authors: Morikawa Toshio , Li Xuezheng , Nishida Eriko , Nakamura Seikou , Ninomiya Kiyofumi , Matsuda Hisashi , Oda Yoshimi , Muraoka Osamu , Yoshikawa Masayuki 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe MeOH extract from the flowers of Bellis perennis was found to show pancreatic‐lipase inhibitory activity (IC50 455 μg/ml). From the extract, seven new triterpene saponins named perennisaponins G (1; IC50 163 μM), H (2; 137 μM), I (3; 147 μM), J (4; 148 μM), K (5; 223 μM), L (6; 81.4 μM), and M (7; 195 μM) were isolated as pancreatic lipase inhibitors. The stereostructures of 1–7 were elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence.
Structural Characterization of an Artefact and Simultaneous Quantification of Two Monoterpenes and Their Artefacts of Isolation in White‐Peony Root
Authors: Cheng Yushan , Peng Cheng , Zhang Hao , Liu Xianbo 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSodium benzoylpaeoniflorinsulfonate (3), a new artefact, was isolated from sulfur‐fumigated white‐peony root and characterized by mass and NMR spectroscopy. A HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous determination of sodium paeoniflorinsulfonate (1), paeoniflorin (2), sodium benzoylpaeoniflorinsulfonate (3), and benzoylpaeoniflorin (4). The method developed was successfully applied to quantify the four compounds in 14 white‐peony‐root samples. The quantity of four constituents in sulfur‐fumigated white‐peony root may be regarded as an index for the quality assessment of this Chinese medicine.
Three New Kaempferol Glycosides from Cardamine leucantha
Authors: Yang Fan , Su Yan‐Fang , Bi Yan‐Ping , Xu Jing , Zhu Zhi‐Qiang , Tu Guang‐Zhong , Gao Xiu‐Mei 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThree new kaempferol glycosides, kaempferol 3‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→6)‐β‐D‐galactopyranosyl‐7‐O‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranoside (1), kaempferol 3‐O‐β‐D‐galactopyranosyl‐7‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→3)‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranoside (2), and kaempferol 3‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→6)‐β‐D‐galactopyranosyl‐7‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→3)‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranoside (3), were isolated from the whole herbs of Cardamine leucantha, along with three known kaempferol glycosides, kaempferol 7‐O‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranoside, kaempferitrin, and kaempferol 3‐O‐β‐D‐galactopyranosyl‐7‐O‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranoside. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods.
11‐ and 4′‐Epimers of Chaetomugilin A, Novel Cytostatic Metabolites from Marine Fish‐Derived Fungus Chaetomium globosum
Authors: Muroga Yasuhide , Yamada Takeshi , Numata Atsushi , Tanaka Reiko 
Published: March 2010

Abstract11‐ and 4′‐epichaetomugilin A were isolated from a strain of Chaetomium globosum that was originally isolated from the marine fish Mugil cephalus. 11‐Epichaetomugilin A is the first compound to have an opposite absolute configuration at C(11) to that of other azaphilones isolated to date. Their absolute configurations were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses, including 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR techniques, and some chemical transformations. 11‐Epichaetomugilin A weakly inhibited the growth of cultured P388 cells and HL‐60 cells (IC50 88.9 and 66.7 μM, resp.).
Correction of a Reported Xanthone Synthesis: The Preparation of a Benzo[c]coumarin
Authors: Benn Michael H. , Parvez Masood , Perry Nigel B. , Rauk Arvi , van Klink John W. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractReinvestigation of a reported synthesis of 5,8‐dihydroxy‐1,3‐dimethoxyxanthone from the reaction of 3,5‐dimethoxyphenol with 2‐(methoxycarbonyl)‐1,4‐benzoquinone resulted in the identification of the product as the isomer of benzo[c]coumarin, i.e., 7,10‐dihydroxy‐1,3‐dimethoxy‐6H‐dibenzo[b,d]pyran‐6‐one, established by X‐ray crystallography. This requires the revision of the structures of the derivatives that were reported.
Synthesis of 1,3‐Selenazol‐2(3H)‐imines
Authors: Atanassov Plamen K. , Linden Anthony , Heimgartner Heinz 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe reaction of N,N′‐diarylselenoureas 16 with phenacyl bromide in EtOH under reflux, followed by treatment with NH3, gave N,3‐diaryl‐4‐phenyl‐1,3‐selenazol‐2(3H)‐imines 13 in high yields (Scheme 2). A reaction mechanism via formation of the corresponding Se‐(benzoylmethyl)isoselenoureas 18 and subsequent cyclocondensation is proposed (Scheme 3). The N,N′‐diarylselenoureas 16 were conveniently prepared by the reaction of aryl isoselenocyanates 15 with 4‐substituted anilines. The structures of 13a and 13c were established by X‐ray crystallography.
Disclaiming onerous property in insolvency: A comparative study
Authors: Omar Paul J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractInsolvency practitioners in charge of certain insolvency procedures have a facility open to them to disclaim property deemed to be onerous and whose retention as part of the debtor's estate may affect the mass of creditors. This article takes a comparative survey of a number of jurisdictions in the common‐law and civil‐law worlds. Its purpose is to assess whether work carried out at international level seeking to benchmark insolvency procedures generally should be revised to take into account enviornmental concerns in relation to such disclaimed property. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Binding of anti‐Parkinson's disease drugs to human serum albumin is allosterically modulated
Authors: Fanali Gabriella , Rampoldi Viviana , Masi Alessandra di , Bolli Alessandro , Lopiano Leonardo , Ascenzi Paolo , Fasano Mauro 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBinding of drugs to plasma proteins is an important determinant for their efficacy because it modulates drug availability to the intended target. Co‐administered drugs may bind to the same protein site or to different functionally linked clefts following competitive and allosteric mechanisms. Here, we report a thermodynamic and computational characterization of the binding mode of apomorphine and benserazide, two therapeutic agents co‐administered in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, to human serum albumin (HSA). Apomorphine binds to HSA with a simple equilibrium (Kd= 3.1 × 10−6M). Conversely, benserazide binds to HSA with two independent equilibria (Kd1≤ 10−6M andKd2= 5.0 × 10−5M). Values ofKdandKd2increase to 1.5 × 10−5M and 5.0 × 10−4M, respectively, in the presence of heme. Accordingly, theKdvalue for heme binding to HSA increases from 5.0 × 10−7M to 4.8 × 10−6M and 9.2 × 10−7M, in the presence of saturating amounts of apomorphine and benserazide, respectively. TheKd1value for benserazide binding to HSA is not affected by heme binding, whereas apomorphine and benserazide inhibit warfarin binding to HSA, and vice versa. Therefore, apomorphine and the second benserazide molecule bind to the warfarin site, allosterically linked to the heme site. Simulated docking of apomorphine and benserazide into the warfarin site provides favorable values of intermolecular energy (−23.0 kJ mol−1and −15.2 kJ mol−1, respectively). Considering the apomorphine, benserazide, and HSA‐heme plasma levels and the possible co‐administration of warfarin, these results appear relevant in the management of patients affected by Parkinson's disease. © 2010 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 62(5): 371–376, 2010
Dichloroacetate‐ and trichloroacetate‐induced oxidative stress in the hepatic tissues of mice after long‐term exposure
Authors: Hassoun Ezdihar A. , Cearfoss Jacquelyn , Spildener Jessica 
Published: March 2010

AbstractDichoroacetate (DCA) and trichloroacetate (TCA) were found to be hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic in rodents. To investigate the role of oxidative stress in the long‐term hepatotoxicity of the compounds, groups of mice were administered 7.7, 77, 154 and 410 mg kg−1 per day, of either DCA or TCA, by gavage, for 4 weeks (4‐W) and 13 weeks (13‐W), and superoxide anion (SA), lipid peroxidation (LP) and DNA‐single strand breaks (SSBs) were determined in the hepatic tissues. Significant increases in all of the biomarkers were observed in response to the tested doses of both compounds in the two test periods, with significantly greater increases observed in the 13‐W, as compared with the 4‐W, period. Hepatomegaly was only observed with a DCA dose of 410 mg kg−1 per day in the 13‐W treatment period, and that was associated with significant declines in the biomarkers, when compared with the immediately lower dose. With the exception of LP production in the 13‐W treatment period that was similarly induced by the two compounds, the DCA‐induced increases in all of the biomarkers were significantly greater than those of TCA. Since those biomarkers were significantly induced by the compounds' doses that were shown to be carcinogenic but at earlier periods than those demonstrating hepatotoxicity/haptocarcinogencity, they can be considered as initial events that may lead to later production of those long‐term effects. The results also suggest LP to be a more significant contributing mechanism than SA and DNA damage to the long‐term hepatotoxicity of TCA. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Doxorubicin conjugated to D‐α‐tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate and folic acid as a prodrug for targeted chemotherapy
Authors: Anbharasi Vanangamudi , Cao Na , Feng Si‐Shen 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis research developed a prodrug strategy to conjugate doxorubicin (DOX) to D‐α‐tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) and folic acid (FOL) for targeted chemotherapy to enhance the therapeutic effects and reduce the side effects of the drug. We synthesized two conjugates, TPGS–DOX and TPGS–DOX–FOL, to quantitatively evaluate the advantages of TPGS conjugation and FOL conjugation through passive and active targeting effects. The successful conjugation was confirmed by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The in vitro drug release was found pH dependent, which is in favor of cancer treatment. The in vitro cellular uptake and cytotoxicity were evaluated with MCF‐7 breast cancer cells. It was found that the cellular uptake of DOX increased 15.2% by TPGS conjugation and further 6.3% by FOL conjugation after 0.5‐h cell culture. The IC50 after 24‐h cell culture with MCF‐7 cancer cells showed that TPGS–DOX conjugate could be 1.19‐fold effective versus DOX and that TPGS–DOX–FOL could be 38.6‐fold effective than TPGS–DOX and thus 45.0‐fold more effective versus DOX. In vivo experiment showed that the half‐life of TPGS–DOX and TPGS–DOX–FOL were increased 3.79‐ and 3.9‐fold than the free DOX, and the area under the curve were increased 19.2‐ and 14.5‐fold than the DOX, respectively. The biodistribution data showed that TPGS–DOX and TPGS–DOX–FOL significantly lowered drug accumulation in the heart, thereby reducing the cardiotoxicity, which is the main side effect of the DOX. Furthermore, TPGS–DOX can limit, and TPGS–DOX–FOL can further deduce, the gastrointestinal side effect of the drug. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010