bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vestibular‐Evoked Myogenic Potentials in Migrainous Vertigo
Authors: Hong Seok Min , Kim Seung Kyun , Park Chan Hum , Lee Jun Ho 
Published: December 2010

ObjectivePatients with migraine headaches have a high prevalence of episodic vertigo, and several studies support the clinical association of migraine and vertigo. Various tests have been conducted in patients with migrainous vertigo; however, only a few studies have been reported on otolith function. The aim of the present study was to increase the understanding of migrainous vertigo pathophysiology by assessing the sacculocollic pathway in patients with migrainous vertigo using vestibular‐evoked myogenic potentials testing (VEMPs).Study DesignProspective study.SettingTertiary referral center.Subjects and MethodsVEMP testing was performed in 30 patients with migrainous vertigo and 31 healthy volunteers using 90‐ and 100‐dB tone‐pip stimuli. We compared hearing, p13 and n23 latency, VEMP asymmetry, and VEMP formation rate between the patient and control groups.ResultsNo between‐group difference was observed in p13 and n23 latency or VEMP asymmetry. The rate of normal VEMP wave formation in both ears was significantly lower in the patient group compared with that of the control group in response to the 90‐dB stimulus. Furthermore, VEMP wave formation was absent in both ears at 100 dB in significantly more patients than in control subjects.ConclusionThe results indicate that patients with migrainous vertigo show abnormal VEMP findings, suggesting that migrainous vertigo might have a lesion at the sacculocollic pathway.
Ultrasonic Shears in Free‐Tissue Transfer
Authors: Koch Cody A. , Olsen Steven M. , Martin Eliot J. , Moore Eric J. 
Published: December 2010

ObjectiveThe harvest of some microvascular free flaps for head and neck reconstruction entails tedious and time‐consuming dissection of multiple perforating vessels and/or muscular attachments. The objective of this study is to investigate the use of ultrasonic shears as a means to decrease operative time and increase surgical efficiency in the harvest of microvascular free flaps.Study DesignProspective cohort study.SettingTertiary referral center.Subjects and MethodsA prospective study of all people undergoing fibula (FFF) or anterolateral thigh (ALT) free flap reconstruction of head and neck defects was conducted from October 1, 2005, through December 30, 2009.ResultsThere were 69 FFF and 39 ALT free flaps performed by a single surgeon during the study period. Ultrasonic shears were used in 53 (76.8%) FFF and 26 (80.6%) ALT free flaps, whereas traditional dissection techniques were used in 16 (23.2%) FFF and 13 (19.4%) ALT free flaps. The use of ultrasonic shears significantly decreased the harvest time of FFF and ALT free flaps an average of 14.5 and 16.3 minutes, respectively. The average cost savings associated with the use of ultrasonic shears was $492 for FFF and $543 for ALT free flaps compared to traditional dissections techniques. Similar rates of complications were observed when ultrasonic shears were used compared to traditional techniques.ConclusionsThe use of ultrasonic shears in the harvest of microvascular free flaps decreases operative time, leading to significantly decreased costs without an increased risk of complications compared to traditional dissection techniques.
CD8α+ plasmacytoid precursor DCs induce antigen-specific regulatory T cells that enhance HSC engraftment in vivo
Authors: Huang Yiming , Bozulic Larry D. , Miller Thomas , Xu Hong , Hussain Lala-Rukh , Ildstad Suzanne T. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractCD8-positive/T-cell receptor–negative (CD8+/TCR−) graft facilitating cells (FCs) are a novel cell population in bone marrow that potently enhance engraftment of hemopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Previously, we showed that the CD11c+/B220+/CD11b− plasmacytoid-precursor dendritic cell (p-preDC) FC subpopulation plays a critical but nonredundant role in facilitation. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism of FC function. We report that FCs induce antigen-specific CD4+/CD25+/FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in vivo. The majority of chimeric Tregs were recipient derived. Chimeric Tregs harvested at ≥ 4 weeks after transplantation significantly enhanced engraftment of donor- and recipient-derived HSCs, but not third-party HSCs, in conditioned secondary recipients, demonstrating antigen specificity. Although Tregs were present 2 and 3 weeks after transplantation, they did not enhance engraftment. In contrast, week 5 and greater Tregs potently enhanced engraftment. The function of chimeric Tregs was directly correlated with the development of FoxP3 expression. Chimeric Tregs also induced significantly stronger suppression of T-cell proliferation to donor antigen in vitro. Removal of p-preDC FCs resulted in impaired engraftment of allogeneic HSCs and failure to produce chimeric Tregs, suggesting that the CD8α+ p-preDC subpopulation is critical in the mechanism of facilitation. These data suggest that FCs induce the production of antigen-specific Tregs in vivo, which potently enhance engraftment of allogeneic HSCs. FCs hold clinical potential because of their ability to remain tolerogenic in vivo.
A randomized comparison of 4 courses of standard-dose multiagent chemotherapy versus 3 courses of high-dose cytarabine alone in postremission therapy for acute myeloid leukemia in adults: the JALSG AML201 Study
Authors: Miyawaki Shuichi , Ohtake Shigeki , Fujisawa Shin , Kiyoi Hitoshi , Shinagawa Katsuji , Usui Noriko , Sakura Toru , Miyamura Koichi , Nakaseko Chiaki , Miyazaki Yasushi , Fujieda Atsushi , Nagai Tadashi , Yamane Takahisa , Taniwaki Masafumi , Takahashi Masatomo , Yagasaki Fumiharu , Kimura Yukihiko , Asou Norio , Sakamaki Hisashi , Handa Hiroshi , Honda Sumihisa , Ohnishi Kazunori , Naoe Tomoki , Ohno Ryuzo 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
We conducted a prospective randomized study to assess the optimal postremission therapy for adult acute myeloid leukemia in patients younger than 65 years in the first complete remission. A total of 781 patients in complete remission were randomly assigned to receive consolidation chemotherapy of either 3 courses of high-dose cytarabine (HiDAC, 2 g/m2 twice daily for 5 days) alone or 4 courses of conventional standard-dose multiagent chemotherapy (CT) established in the previous JALSG AML97 study. Five-year disease-free survival was 43% for the HiDAC group and 39% for the multiagent CT group (P = .724), and 5-year overall survival was 58% and 56%, respectively (P = .954). Among the favorable cytogenetic risk group (n = 218), 5-year disease-free survival was 57% for HiDAC and 39% for multiagent CT (P = .050), and 5-year overall survival was 75% and 66%, respectively (P = .174). In the HiDAC group, the nadir of leukocyte counts was lower, and the duration of leukocyte less than 1.0 × 109/L longer, and the frequency of documented infections higher. The present study demonstrated that the multiagent CT regimen is as effective as our HiDAC regimen for consolidation. Our HiDAC regimen resulted in a beneficial effect on disease-free survival only in the favorable cytogenetic leukemia group. This trial was registered at www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/ as #C000000157.
CD137 stimulation enhances the antilymphoma activity of anti-CD20 antibodies
Authors: Kohrt Holbrook E. , Houot Roch , Goldstein Matthew J. , Weiskopf Kipp , Alizadeh Ash A. , Brody Josh , Müller Antonia , Pachynski Russell , Czerwinski Debra , Coutre Steven , Chao Mark P. , Chen Lieping , Tedder Thomas F. , Levy Ronald 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), which is largely mediated by natural killer (NK) cells, is thought to play an important role in the efficacy of rituximab, an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (mAb) used to treat patients with B-cell lymphomas. CD137 is a costimulatory molecule expressed on a variety of immune cells after activation, including NK cells. In the present study, we show that an anti-CD137 agonistic mAb enhances the antilymphoma activity of rituximab by enhancing ADCC. Human NK cells up-regulate CD137 after encountering rituximab-coated tumor B cells, and subsequent stimulation of these NK cells with anti-CD137 mAb enhances rituximab-dependent cytotoxicity against the lymphoma cells. In a syngeneic murine lymphoma model and in a xenotransplanted human lymphoma model, sequential administration of anti-CD20 mAb followed by anti-CD137 mAb had potent antilymphoma activity in vivo. These results support a novel, sequential antibody approach against B-cell malignancies by targeting first the tumor and then the host immune system.
Circadian Control of Kisspeptin and a Gated GnRH Response Mediate the Preovulatory Luteinizing Hormone Surge
Authors: Williams Wilbur P. , Jarjisian Stephan G. , Mikkelsen Jens D. , Kriegsfeld Lance J. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
In spontaneously ovulating rodents, the preovulatory LH surge is initiated on the day of proestrus by a timed, stimulatory signal originating from the circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). The present studies explored whether kisspeptin is part of the essential neural circuit linking the SCN to the GnRH system to stimulate ovulation in Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). Kisspeptin neurons exhibit an estrogen-dependent, daily pattern of cellular activity consistent with a role in the circadian control of the LH surge. The SCN targets kisspeptin neurons via vasopressinergic (AVP), but not vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-ergic, projections. Because AVP administration can only stimulate the LH surge during a restricted time of day, we examined the possibility that the response to AVP is gated at the level of kisspeptin and/or GnRH neurons. Kisspeptin and GnRH activation were assessed after the administration of AVP during the morning (when AVP is incapable of initiating the LH surge) and the afternoon (when AVP injections stimulate the LH surge). Kisspeptin, but not GnRH, cellular activity was up-regulated after morning injections of AVP, suggesting that time-dependent sensitivity to SCN signaling is gated within GnRH but not kisspeptin neurons. In support of this possibility, we found that the GnRH system exhibits pronounced daily changes in sensitivity to kisspeptin stimulation, with maximal sensitivity in the afternoon. Together these studies reveal a novel mechanism of ovulatory control with interactions among the circadian system, kisspeptin signaling, and a GnRH gating mechanism of control.
Dental Tooth Surface Loss and Quality of Life in University Students
Authors: Daly Blanaid , Newton J Timothy , Fares Joumana , Chiu Katherine , Ahmad Norasmatul , Shirodaria Soha , Bartlett David 
Published: December 2010

Aim To determine the relationship between toothwear into dentine and oral health-related quality of life impacts in a sample of university students not attending for dental treatment. Methods A cross-sectional survey of 1010 university students was undertaken. Clinical examination, including the Smith & Knight (1984) index of tooth erosion, was performed and completion of the Oral Health Impact Profile-49 (OHIP-49) measure of oral health-related quality of life was arranged. Results Seventy-seven per cent of the students had at least one tooth with tooth surface loss into dentine. Overall OHIP scores were similar for individuals with different levels of severity of tooth surface loss. Individuals with severe tooth surface loss were more likely to report that their appearance had been affected by, and that they had felt self-conscious because of, the condition of their mouth and teeth. Conclusions Tooth surface loss into dentine was prevalent among the young adults who were examined in this study. They reported that it had little impact on oral health-related quality of life at the non-clinical levels seen in this study.
Factors that Dentists use to Decide Whether or Not to Render a Patient Edentulous
Authors: Pearce Mark , Gedling Catherine , Whittle Gary , Tickle Martin , Mallinson Sara 
Published: December 2010

Aims To identify the factors that dentists use to decide whether to render a patient edentulous, prior to developing a questionnaire to investigate the factors that dentists use when making this decision. Method This was a qualitative study involving two groups of seven dentists practising in primary care in East Lancashire who were given scenarios involving patients of different types to facilitate discussion and identify all factors. Audio recordings were used during the focus groups and were subsequently fully transcribed. Two members of the research team independently coded the transcripts and then used thematic analysis to identify key themes. Results Analysis of the results identified 12 factors that the dentists considered when making a patient edentulous. These were caries, periodontal disease, position of the teeth, aesthetics, bone support, the transition from partial dentures, patient motivation, medicolegal issues, age of the patient, patient choice, cost of treatment, and the dentist's attitude and skills. Conclusion The dentists identified a large number of factors that they might consider before making a patient edentulous. There was a consensus that the change should be made gradually, if possible.
Tagging by Lobster Fishermen to Estimate Abundance of the Discarded Portions of Their Catch
Authors: Miller Robert J. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
The cost of tagging studies can be greatly reduced if fishermen tag, release, and recapture during fishing operations. Some population components captured during fishing can not be legally retained. If these components are returned to the sea unharmed, their abundance can be estimated. Lobster tag, release, and recapture data were obtained by fishermen during their fishing activities over a 9-week season. Tags were inexpensive and easy to apply to cable ties. Abundance of ovigerous females and window females (non-ovigerous females, 114–124 mm carapace length) were estimated for seven and three fishing grounds respectively. When lobster fecundity was included in the calculations, annual egg production was also estimated. Fishery management applications include measuring the benefits of a regulation, and setting reference points to the numerical abundance of a life history stage. Experimental and area-specific management are more affordable if fishermen can collect data for stock assessment during their fishing operations. Data quality depends on carefully communicating the purpose and procedures to fishermen, and on designing a data sheet to reduce recording errors.
Resumen
el costo de los estudios de marcado puede reducirse sustancialmente si los pescadores mismos marcan, liberan y recapturan a los animales durante las operaciones de pesca. Algunos componentes poblacionales que son capturados durante las faenas no pueden ser retenidos legalmente. Si estos componentes se regresan intactos al mar, entonces es posible estimar su abundancia. Los datos de marcado, liberación y recaptura de langosta fueron tomados por los pescadores durante las actividades de pesca a lo largo de una temporada de nueve semanas. Las marcas fueron poco costosas y fáciles de aplicar. Se estimó la abundancia de hembras ovígeras y no ovígeras (éstas últimas con longitudes de carapacho de 114 mm a 124 mm) para siete y tres zonas de pesca, respectivamente. Cuando la fecundidad de las langostas fue incluida en los cálculos, también se estimó la producción anual de huevos. Las aplicaciones para el manejo pesquero incluyeron la medición de los beneficios de una regulación y el establecimiento de puntos de referencia para la abundancia numérica de los estadios de vida. El manejo experimental y por áreas es más costeable si los pescadores, durante las operaciones de pesca, pueden colectar datos útiles para la evaluación de los stocks. La calidad de los datos depende de que a los pescadores se les comunique cuidadosamente el propósito y procedimiento que implica el estudio así como del diseñ una hoja de captura que reduzca el error en los registros.
Cardiovascular risk factors affect hippocampal microvasculature in early AD
Authors: Schwartz Elizabeth , Wicinski Bridget , Schmeidler James , Haroutunian Vahram , Hof Patrick 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
There is growing clinical and neuropathologic evidence suggesting that cognitive decline in early Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is aggravated by a synergistic relationship between AD and cerebrovascular disease associated with cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes and hypertension. Here we used the stereologic “Space Balls” method to investigate the relationships between AD pathology and cardiovascular risk factors in postmortem human brains of patients with hypertension and diabetes in two groups — one consisting of cases with AD diagnosis and one of cases without. Hippocampal CA1 and CA3 microvasculature length density estimates were generated to characterize quantitatively the contribution of cardiovascular risk factors to the severity of neuropathologic changes. Our main finding is that the mean and variance of length density values in the AD group were significantly increased from the non-AD group, regardless of the absence or presence of a cardiovascular risk factor. An additional finding is that in the AD group without a risk factor, dementia severity correlated with amount of length density change in the CA1 field—this correlation did not exist in the AD groups with risk factors. Our findings suggest a role for cardiovascular risk factors in quantifiable change of hippocampal CA1 field microvasculature, as well as suggest a possible role of cardiovascular risk factors in altering microvasculature pathology in the presence of AD.
A note on the sea-horse in the human brain
Authors: Judaš Miloš , Pletikos Mihovil 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
It is commonly believed that the term hippocampus represents a shining example of inappropriate and fanciful anatomical naming, because this brain structure supposedly does not display any resemblance, striking or remote, to the little sea-horse fish known as hippocampus. The aim of this short historical notice is to demonstrate that, in fact, the hippocampus looks very much like the little sea-horse fish, as demonstrated by Gustav Retzius more than a century ago. However, to note this striking resemblance, one has to apply a proper method of anatomical dissection.
Epigenetic Reduction in Invariant NKT Cells following In Utero Vitamin D Deficiency in Mice
Authors: Yu Sanhong , Cantorna Margherita T. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractVitamin D status changes with season, but the effect of these changes on immune function is not clear. In this study, we show that in utero vitamin D deficiency in mice results in a significant reduction in invariant NKT (iNKT) cell numbers that could not be corrected by later intervention with vitamin D or 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 (active form of the vitamin). Furthermore, this was intrinsic to hematopoietic cells, as vitamin D-deficient bone marrow is specifically defective in generating iNKT cells in wild-type recipients. This vitamin D deficiency-induced reduction in iNKT cells is due to increased apoptosis of early iNKT cell precursors in the thymus. Whereas both the vitamin D receptor and vitamin D regulate iNKT cells, the vitamin D receptor is required for both iNKT cell function and number, and vitamin D (the ligand) only controls the number of iNKT cells. Given the importance of proper iNKT cell function in health and disease, this prenatal requirement for vitamin D suggests that in humans, the amount of vitamin D available in the environment during prenatal development may dictate the number of iNKT cells and potential risk of autoimmunity.
Identification of Endothelial Cell Junctional Proteins and Lymphocyte Receptors Involved in Transendothelial Migration of Human Effector Memory CD4+ T Cells
Authors: Manes Thomas D. , Pober Jordan S. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Human effector memory (EM) CD4+ T cells can rapidly transmigrate across an endothelial cell (EC) monolayer in response either to chemokine or to TCR-activating signals displayed by human dermal microvascular EC under conditions of venular shear stress. We previously reported that the TCR-stimulated transendothelial migration (TEM) depends on fractalkine (CX3CL1), PECAM-1 (CD31), and ICAM-1 (CD54) expression by the EC, whereas chemokine-stimulated TEM does not. In this study, we further analyze these responses using blocking mAb and small interfering RNA knockdown to show that TCR-stimulated TEM depends on CD99 on EC as well as on PECAM-1 and depends on nectin-2 (CD112) and poliovirus receptor (CD155) as well as EC ICAM-1. ICAM-1 is engaged by EM CD4+ T cell LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18) but not Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18); nectin-2 and poliovirus receptor are engaged by both DNAX accessory molecule-1 (CD226) and Tactile (CD96). EC junctional adhesion molecule-1 (JAM-1), an alternative ligand for LFA-1, contributes exclusively to chemokine-stimulated TEM and ICAM-2 appears to be uninvolved in either pathway. These data further define and further highlight the differences in the two pathways of EM CD4+ T cell recruitment into sites of peripheral inflammation.
Promising Practices for the Prevention and Control of Obesity in the Worksite
Authors: Archer W. Roodly , Batan Marilyn C. , Buchanan Leigh Ramsey , Soler Robin E. , Ramsey David C. , Kirchhofer Ardine , Reyes Michele 
Published: December 2010

Purpose. To identify worksite practices that show promise for promoting employee weight loss. Data Source. The following electronic databases were searched from January 1, 1966, through December 31, 2005: CARL Uncover (via Ingenta), CDP, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Library, CRISP, Dissertation Abstracts, EMBASE, ERIC, Health Canada, INFORM (part of ABI/INFORM Proquest), LocatorPlus, New York Academy of Medicine, Ovid MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, PapersFirst, PsycINFO, PubMed, and TRIP. Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria. Included studies were published in English, conducted at a worksite, designed for adults (aged ≥18 years), and reported weight-related outcomes. Data Extraction. Data were extracted using an online abstraction form. Data Synthesis. Studies were evaluated on the basis of study design suitability quality of execution, sample size, and effect size. Changes in weight-related outcomes were used to assess effectiveness. Results. The following six promising practices were identified: enhanced access to opportunities for physical activity combined with health education, exercise prescriptions alone, multicomponent educational practices, weight loss competitions and incentives, behavioral practices with incentives, and behavioral practices without incentives. Conclusions. These practices will help employers and employees select programs that show promise for controlling and preventing obesity. (Am J Health Promot 2011;25[3]:e12–e26.)