bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The paradox of 20q11.21 amplification in a subset of cases of myeloid malignancy with chromosome 20 deletion
Authors: MacKinnon Ruth N. , Selan Carly , Wall Meaghan , Baker Elizabeth , Nandurkar Harshal , Campbell Lynda J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDeletion of the long arm of one chromosome 20 (del(20q)) is a well‐recognized abnormality in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and is presumed to cause loss of a tumor suppressor gene at 20q12. In a previously published series of MDS and AML cases, which had lost this region via unbalanced translocation, around 40% of cases were shown to have additional copies of the chromosome 20 abnormalities, with resulting gain or amplification of the retained parts of chromosome 20, most often 20q11.2. We have used FISH and array comparative genomic hybridization, to define further the retained and amplified regions. We now report targeted amplification of 20q11.21 in four of the 22 cases selected for further study and in one new case. The shortest amplified region of 250 kb in a series of five patients with three to ten copies of the 20q11.21 region contained the complete HCK, TM9SF4, PLAGL2, and POFUT1 genes. By RT‐PCR we have shown that there is correlation between amplification and increased expression of these four genes in most cases. Localized and high level amplification of the common 250 kb region is evidence for activation of an oncogene in this region in these MDS and AML cases. Cases with 20q11.21 amplification tended to have a high proportion of erythroblasts in the marrow, with two cases diagnosed as erythroleukemia (AML‐M6). Chromosome sub‐band 20q11.21 amplification may therefore prove to be a marker of a specific subset of AML/MDS with a significant erythroid component. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Contribution of P2X7 receptors to adenosine uptake by cultured mouse astrocytes
Authors: Okuda Hiroto , Higashi Youichirou , Nishida Kentaro , Fujimoto Sadaki , Nagasawa Kazuki 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNucleotides and nucleosides play important roles by maintaining brain homeostasis, and their extracellular concentrations are mainly regulated by ectonucleotidases and nucleoside transporters expressed by astrocytes. Extracellularly applied NAD+ prevents astrocyte death caused by excessive activation of poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase‐1, of which the molecular mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Recently, exogenous NAD+ was reported to enter astrocytes via the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R)‐associated channel/pore. In this study, we examined whether the intact form of NAD+ is incorporated into astrocytes. A large portion of extracellularly added NAD+ was degraded into metabolites such as AMP and adenosine in the extracellular space. The uptake of adenine ring‐labeled [14C]NAD+, but not nicotinamide moiety‐labeled [3H]NAD+, showed time‐ and temperature‐dependency, and was significantly enhanced on addition of apyrase, and was reduced by 8‐Br‐cADPR and ARL67156, inhibitors of CD38 and ectoapyrase, respectively, and P2X7R knockdown, suggesting that the detected uptake of [14C]NAD+ resulted from [14C]adenosine acting as a metabolite of [14C]NAD+. Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of P2X7R with brilliant blue G, KN‐62, oxATP, and siRNA transfection resulted in a decrease of [3H]adenosine uptake, and the uptake was also reduced by low concentration of carbenoxolone and pannexin1 selective peptide blocker 10panx. Taken together, these results indicate that exogenous NAD+ is degraded by ectonucleotidases and that adenosine, as its metabolite, is taken up into astrocytes via the P2X7R‐associated channel/pore. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Measurement of variation in the human cerebral GABA level by in vivo MEGA‐editing proton MR spectroscopy using a clinical 3 T instrument and its dependence on brain region and the female menstrual cycle
Authors: Harada Masafumi , Kubo Hitoshi , Nose Ayumi , Nishitani Hiromu , Matsuda Tsuyoshi 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to examine the reproducibility of the MEGA‐editing J‐difference technique and to determine the normal variation in the γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) level depending on the cerebral region and its fluctuation according to the menstrual cycle as baseline data for clinical application. The participants consisted of 15 normal adult volunteers (eight men and seven women), and all measurements were repeated twice in all participants. The MEGA‐editing pulses were incorporated into point‐resolved spectroscopy on a 3 T instrument to obtain the J‐difference editing spectra from a voxel located in the lentiform nuclei (LN), left frontal lobe (FL), and anterior cingulate cortex (AC). The GABA levels in the gray matter (GM) were compensated by the fraction ratios of the gray and white matters and cerebrospinal fluid in the measurement volume. The extent of the variation in GABA was almost the same as that observed in the major metabolites, and its reproducibility was also maintained (intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.7). GABA level was highest in LN and lowest in AC. A difference in the GABA level between the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle was found in both LN and FL, but not in AC. This technique showed the differences in the GABA levels in the GM and the region‐specific decrease in the GABA levels during the women's luteal phase. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sublingual gland tumors: Clinical, pathologic, and therapeutic analysis of 13 patients treated in a single institution
Authors: Zdanowski Rafael , Dias Fernando Luiz , Barbosa Mauro Marques , Lima Roberto Araújo , Faria Paulo Antônio , Loyola Adriano Mota , Nascimento Souza Kellen Christine 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground.Sublingual gland tumors are rare, although frequently malignant. This study describes the clinicopathologic features and treatment results and reviews the literature.Methods.Thirteen cases treated between 1996 and 2007 were reviewed with interest on clinical, pathologic, and therapeutic information. Survival data were calculated by the Kaplan–Meier method.Results.Malignancies represented 92.3% of cases. Adenoid cystic carcinoma was the most common malignant type (66.7%). Most patients (83.3%) presented in advanced pathologic TNM stages (III or IV). All cases underwent surgical treatment. Neck dissection was performed in 69.2% with no metastases detected. Ten patients (83.3%) had adjuvant radiotherapy. Distant metastases occurred in 3 patients (25%). The 5‐year overall and disease‐free survival rates were 78.7% and 87.5%, respectively.Conclusions.Tumors of the sublingual gland are rare and are usually malignant. Radical surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy seems to offer adequate local and regional control. Unlike distant failure, local recurrence and regional metastases are not common. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Evaluating the effect of using artificial pore water on the quality of laboratory hydraulic conductivity measurements of peat
Authors: Kettridge Nicholas , Binley Andrew 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPore dilation, the compaction of humic acids on peat fibres due to the process of flocculation, causes the hydraulic conductivity of peat to increase with increasing pore water electrical conductivity. This is a reversible process and a reduction in the pore water conductivity produces a decrease in the hydraulic conductivity due to the constriction of pores. We verify how this dilation and constriction of pores, resulting from the application of artificial pore water (primarily deionized water), affects laboratory measurements of the hydraulic conductivity of peat. Repeat measurements of the hydraulic conductivity were performed on samples of Sphagnum peat. It is shown that the application of deionized water during constant head permeameter tests causes a significant decrease in the hydraulic conductivity. Between tests, the hydraulic conductivity of the peat continues to decline without an associate decrease in the pore water electrical conductivity because of a lagged pore constriction effect. We suggest that the use of artificially high or low pore water electrical conductivities, during laboratory hydraulic conductivity measurements, is likely to lead to significant errors. Experimental protocols must, therefore, be revised to take better account of the pore water chemistry. The ionic concentrations of the natural pore fluid should be replicated during hydraulic conductivity tests, either by using pore fluid extracted from the study site or by artificially replicating the major ionic composition of the natural pore fluid. In addition, prior to the hydraulic conductivity measurements, peat samples should be flushed with this solution until the hydraulic conductivity stabilizes and the samples subsequently allowed to equilibrate. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact of weather forecast improvements on large scale hydrology: analysing a decade of forecasts of the European Flood Alert System
Authors: Pappenberger Florian , Thielen Jutta , Del Medico Mauro 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe European Flood Alert System (EFAS) provides early flood alerts on a pre‐operational basis to National hydrological services. EFAS river discharge forecasts are based on probabilistic techniques, using ensemble system and deterministic numerical weather prediction data. The performance of EFAS is regularly analysed with regard to individual flood events and case studies. Although this analysis provides important insight into the strengths and weaknesses of the forecast system, it lacks statistical and independent measures of its long‐term performance. In this paper, an assessment of EFAS results based on European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) weather forecasts over a period of 10 years is presented. EFAS river discharge forecasts have been rerun every week for a period of 10 years using the weather forecast available at the time. These are evaluated for a total of 1025 river gauging stations distributed across Europe. The selected stations are sufficiently separated in space to avoid autocorrelation of station time series. Also, analysis is performed with a gap of 3 days between each forecast which reduces the temporal correlation of the time series of the same station. The data are analysed with regard to skill, bias and quality of river discharge forecast. The 10‐year simulations clearly show that the skill of the river discharge forecasts has undergone an evolution linked to the quality of the operational meteorological forecast. Overall, over a period of 10 years, the skill of the EFAS forecasts has steadily increased. Important hydrological extreme events cannot be clearly identified with the skill score analysis, highlighting the necessity for event‐based analysis in addition to statistical long‐term assessments for a better understanding of the EFAS system and large scale river discharge predictions in general. The predictability is shown to depend on catchment size and geographical location. It can be shown that performance tends to increase with catchment size and is influenced by the underlying topography in Europe. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimation of soil hydraulic properties and their uncertainty: comparison between laboratory and field experiment
Authors: Kumar S. , Sekhar M. , Reddy D. V. , Mohan Kumar M. S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractOften the soil hydraulic parameters are obtained by the inversion of measured data (e.g. soil moisture, pressure head, and cumulative infiltration, etc.). However, the inverse problem in unsaturated zone is ill‐posed due to various reasons, and hence the parameters become non‐unique. The presence of multiple soil layers brings the additional complexities in the inverse modelling. The generalized likelihood uncertainty estimate (GLUE) is a useful approach to estimate the parameters and their uncertainty when dealing with soil moisture dynamics which is a highly non‐linear problem. Because the estimated parameters depend on the modelling scale, inverse modelling carried out on laboratory data and field data may provide independent estimates. The objective of this paper is to compare the parameters and their uncertainty estimated through experiments in the laboratory and in the field and to assess which of the soil hydraulic parameters are independent of the experiment. The first two layers in the field site are characterized by Loamy sand and Loamy. The mean soil moisture and pressure head at three depths are measured with an interval of half hour for a period of 1 week using the evaporation method for the laboratory experiment, whereas soil moisture at three different depths (60, 110, and 200 cm) is measured with an interval of 1 h for 2 years for the field experiment. A one‐dimensional soil moisture model on the basis of the finite difference method was used. The calibration and validation are approximately for 1 year each. The model performance was found to be good with root mean square error (RMSE) varying from 2 to 4 cm3 cm−3. It is found from the two experiments that mean and uncertainty in the saturated soil moisture (θs) and shape parameter (n) of van Genuchten equations are similar for both the soil types. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Apure River: geochemistry of major and selected trace elements in an Orinoco River tributary coming from the Andes, Venezuela
Authors: Mora Abrahan , Baquero Juan Carlos , Alfonso Juan A. , Pisapia Daniel , Balza Laura 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe analysis of physicochemical variables and selected dissolved elements was performed on the Apure River waters for 15 months. The variables pH, alkalinity, dissolved O2, conductivity and Na, Ca, Mg and Cd concentrations showed maximum values during low water, whereas K, Si, Fe, Al, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cr and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) showed maximum concentrations during rising and high water. Five important factors were found to control the amount and temporal variability of the dissolved elements: lithology, hydrology, vegetation–floodplain processes, redox conditions and organic complexation. Weathering of silicates, carbonates and evaporites in the Andes provides most of the proportion of Na, Ca, Mg and HCO3− to waters. The temporal variability of these ions is controlled by a dilution process. Although Si can be taken up by the biomass, Si and K can be leached from the floodplain by weathering of clays. Microbial decay of the submerged plants in the floodplain during the inundation periods provides DOC and K to river waters and changes the redox conditions in water. The changing redox conditions control the solubility of Mn, Zn and Fe. Dissolved Mn is a function of pH‐dependent redox process, whereas Zn solubility is controlled by scavenging of Zn during the oxidation of Mn2+ to MnO2. Positive relationships between Al, Fe, Cu, Cr and DOC suggest that these elements are complexed by organic colloids generated in the floodplain. Moreover, the binding capacity of Fe with DOC increases under reducing conditions. Although Cd seems to be provided by weathering in the Andes, several processes can affect the mobility of Cd during transport. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shape and size effects in π–π interactions: Face‐to‐face dimers
Authors: Zhang Chaoyang 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe shape and size effects in π–π interactions of face‐to‐face dimers are discussed, by taking three typical groups of π‐systems with different shapes (wave‐linear, WL; ladder‐shaped, LS; and regular‐hexagonal, RH) and sizes (2 to 216 π‐electrons) as samples, and carrying out a series of static scanning forcefield calculations. These effects are: (1) for differently shaped π‐systems with a same quantity of π‐electrons, the denser π‐electrons lead to the stronger π–π interactions; (2) the interaction orientation, such as the interplanar distance, is controlled by not only van der Waals (vdW) but also electrostatic potential, even though the former is much stronger and has more contributions to total interaction energy than the latter. Furthermore, these interplanar distances are in a range determined by only monomer shapes, i.e., 3.6–4.1 Å for WL, 3.5–3.7 Å for LS, and 3.4–3.7 Å for RH; (3) a centroid‐centroid distance corresponding to the global lowest vdW potential point of a dimer with two identical monomers is only determined by the monomer shape, i.e., 3.6, 3.5, and 3.4 Å, for WL, LS, and RH, respectively; (4) rotation will change the interaction energy when both two monomers with big sizes and low symmetries, and vice versa. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2010
Trends in indices for extremes in daily temperature and precipitation over Utah, USA
Authors: dos Santos Carlos A. C. , Neale Christopher M. U. , Rao Tantravahi V. R. , da Silva Bernardo B. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe main objective of this study was to analyse the trends in 20 annual extreme indices of temperature and precipitation for Utah, USA. The analyses were conducted for 28 meteorological stations, during the period from 1930 to 2006, characterized by a long‐term and high‐quality dataset. The software used to process the data was the RClimdex 1.0. The analyses of extreme temperature indices have identified an increase in air temperature in Utah during the last century. Meanwhile, the analyses of precipitation indices showed a large variation throughout the studied area and time period, and, in general, with few statistically significant trends. Thus, it was not possible to conclude that significant changes in precipitation have occurred in this region over the last century. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Pluronic F‐127 as the buffer additive in capillary entangled polymer electrophoresis: Some fundamental aspects
Authors: Křížek Tomáš , Coufal Pavel , Tesařová Eva , Sobotníková Jana , Bosáková Zuzana 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPolymeric macromolecules of well‐designed structures and specific properties open promising directions in the capillary entangled polymer electrophoresis. Pluronic F‐127, as a thermoassociating polymer, possesses some unique properties that can be utilized in capillary entangled polymer electrophoresis of amino acids, peptides and proteins. In this study, we studied properties of Pluronic F‐127 polymer as an additive to BGE for the separation of peptides and proteins. The influence of the thermoassociation on separation selectivity was studied. The addition of Pluronic caused severe instabilities of the electrical current and the signal of the UV detector. This study reveals remarkable positive effect of a low pressure applied to the inlet buffer vial during the analysis, which apparently stabilizes the electrical current and the detector signal. The effect of hydrodynamic flow induced by the pressure applied on the separation efficiency was studied and the significance of this effect was discussed. Pluronic F‐127, as a representative of synthetic macromolecules, was compared with dextran, as a representative of natural polymers, in terms of separation power, selectivity and repeatability of migration times.
Differentiation among various kinds of cheese by identification of casein using HPLC‐chip/MS/MS
Authors: Franc Martin , Křížek Tomáš , Coufal Pavel , Štulík Karel 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn proteomics, proteins can be identified by enzymatic cleavage of the target protein using an enzyme of the known specificity (primarily trypsin), sequencing the obtained specific peptides by MS and comparing the amino acid sequence of the peptides with a protein database. The sophisticated approach described above was used in this study to determine and verify the original species of cheeses. Proteins were extracted from three different cheese samples which were produced from cow, sheep and goat milks. The isolated proteins were cleaved with trypsin and the peptides obtained were sequenced and identified by a HPLC‐chip/MS/MS microfluidic system. Two different extraction methods and two various chromatographic sorbents packed in plastic chips were studied. β‐Lactoglobuline and four kinds of casein were found in the cheese samples. The species of κ‐casein were identified unambiguously in all the three cheese samples and, thus, κ‐casein can be used to determine the origin of milk of the cheese. The other proteins found in the samples show very similar primary structures and cannot be recommended for identification of the cheese milk origin.
Fast CE analysis of adrenergic amines in different parts of Citrus aurantium fruit and dietary supplements
Authors: Mercolini Laura , Mandrioli Roberto , Trerè Teria , Bugamelli Francesca , Ferranti Anna , Raggi Maria Augusta 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA CE method has been developed for the simultaneous analysis of the adrenergic amines synephrine, octopamine and tyramine in Citrus aurantium (bitter orange) fruit extracts and in dietary supplements. The analytes were separated on a fused silica capillary (50 μm id, 40.0 cm effective length, 48.5 cm total length) using a BGE composed of phosphate buffer (pH 2.5, 50 mM) and applying a 30 kV potential. The samples were injected hydrodynamically at 50 mbar for 25 s. The use of photodiode array detection (λ=195 nm) allowed the quantification of the analytes and the control of peak purity. The method has been fully validated, obtaining satisfactory values of precision and extraction yield. The analytes are extracted with water from the dried whole fruits or fruit parts (endocarp, mesocarp and exocarp) or from the commercial formulations and directly injected into the CE apparatus. The results obtained were satisfactory in terms of precision (RSD < 5.7%) and accuracy (recovery > 89%). Thus, the method has demonstrated to be suitable for the qualitative and quantitative determination of synephrine, octopamine and tyramine in C. aurantium extracts, for dietary supplement quality control and for food adulteration identification.
Methacrylate ester‐based monolithic columns for nano‐LC separation of tocopherols in vegetable oils
Authors: Lerma‐García María Jesús , Cerretani Lorenzo , Herrero‐Martínez José Manuel , Bendini Alessandra , Simó‐Alfonso Ernesto Francisco 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe separation and determination of tocopherols (Ts) in vegetable oils by nano‐LC chromatography with UV–vis detection using lauryl methacrylate ester‐based monolithic columns has been developed. The separation of Ts was optimized in terms of mobile phase composition on the basis of the best compromise among efficiency, resolution and analysis time. Using a mobile phase composed of ACN/methanol/water, an excellent resolution between Ts was achieved within 18 min. The LODs were lower than 0.26 μg/mL, being repeatability values of retention time and peak area below 0.15 and 3.1%, respectively. The method was applied to the quantification of Ts and tocotrienols present in several vegetable oils from different botanical origins.
Correlation between Morphology and Mechanical Properties in Zn‐Neutralized Sulfonated Polystyrene Ionomer/Poly(ethylene glycol) Blends: Contribution of EFTEM
Authors: Dalmas Florent , Vonet Jean‐François , Randriamahefa Solo , Gaillet Christine 
Published: July 2010

AbstractRelationships between microstructure and mechanical properties in SPS‐Zn/PEG blends are investigated. Ion/dipole interactions induce the miscibility of both blend components for PEG content up to 10 wt.‐% as evidenced by DSC and TEM observations. Elemental mapping by EFTEM was used to investigate the ionic cluster microstructure and the phase structure in the blends. PEG chains do not hinder the formation of ionic multiplets but modify the microstructure of the clusters. Moreover, a PEG‐rich layer is observed in the vicinity of the aggregates surface. As a consequence, no cluster glass transition is observed in DMA experiments for these blend systems and besides, the absence of ionic plateau is assigned to the decrease in the ionic clusters' stability.magnified image