bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of dispersal and temperature on the early life history of a temperate marine fish
Authors: TRACEY SEAN R. , HARTMANN KLAAS , HOBDAY ALISTAIR J. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanisms that influence the successful recruitment of marine species is one of the great challenges in marine science, particularly for species that undergo a protracted larval phase. Here we apply a bio‐physical individual‐based model (IBM) which couples data from a high‐resolution oceanographic model with temperature‐related survival characteristics for the early life stage of a temperate marine fish. The IBM was run retrospectively for the years 1993–2007 with spawning locations occurring around Tasmania, Australia. Meso‐scale oceanographic features led to individuals spawned on the west coast, and to a lesser extent the south coast, being washed ashore prior to achieving a competent size to actively influence their migratory paths. Individuals spawned on the east coast had significantly higher survival rates. Temperature‐induced mortality was relatively consistent across years. This indicates that the dispersal envelopes, of pre‐flexion larvae, across all years are predominately within the thermal niche of this species. To further understand the effect of temperature on survival we integrated global climate model warming scenarios into the model. The results indicated that around the year 2050 the predicted warming would have a minor positive effect on the survival of individuals but by 2100 the pejus temperature will frequently be exceeded leading to a significant decline in survival, particularly towards the northern end of the dispersal range.
Flower movement increases pollinator preference for flowers with better grip
Authors: Alcorn Katrina , Whitney Heather , Glover Beverley 
Published: May 2012

Summary1.Conical cells in the petal epidermis are common across many diverse flowering plant species, and it was recently shown that in difficult‐to‐handle flowers, pollinators prefer conical cells because they increase grip. However, this does not explain the prevalence of conical cells amongst other, simpler, flowers.2.The movement of objects is an integral part of the world and is of particular importance to bees because the relative motion of objects is essential to a bee's 3D vision. The motion of flowers can increase pollinator attraction; however, it also makes flowers more difficult for a bee to handle. This makes foraging more metabolically expensive. To explore whether conical petal cells make handling moving flowers easier, we tested bumblebee (Bombus terrestris) preference for conical‐ or flat‐celled Petunia (Petunia hybrida) flowers under different conditions of motion. We also used differently coloured Petunia flowers to test how colour and visibility interact with tactile cues to form a pollinator's preferences.3.Bees preferred to visit conical‐celled Petunia flowers except when the conical‐celled flowers were harder to detect visually. The bees then favoured flowers that were easier to detect. But when flowers were moving and more difficult to handle, bees always learned to favour conical‐celled flowers, irrespective of visual difficulty.4.By providing easier handling through better grip from conical cells, the plant can benefit from the natural visual attractant of flowers moving in the wind without losing pollinator preference for easier‐to‐handle flowers. Bee preference for conical‐celled flowers when flowers are moving shows how plants can use conical petal cells to take advantage of an attractant that would otherwise decrease pollinator preference by making handling difficult (movement). The selective pressure from pollinators choosing conical‐celled flowers when flowers are moving in the wind provides an explanation for the persistence of conical cells in so many diverse angiosperm species across evolutionary time.
The impact of sport on children with haemophilia
Authors: Khair K. , Littley A. , Will A. , von Mackensen S. 
Published: May 2012

SummarySport is nowadays perceived as beneficial for children with haemophilia, as good muscle strength supports joints and may reduce bleed frequency; by contrast psychological benefits are less known. This study introduces the impact of sport on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and physical performance in children with haemophilia. A cross‐sectional, multi‐site, study of boys aged 6–17 years with haemophilia A or B of any severity, current or past inhibitor, which assessed physical performance, sporting activity and HRQoL using age appropriate questionnaires including KINDL, Haemo‐QoL and HEP‐Test‐Q. Eighty‐four haemophilic boys (23 mild, 19 moderate, 42 severe) with a mean age of 11.52 years (SD = 3.4) were enrolled from two haemophilia centres in the United Kingdom. 28.4% were overweight/obese according to their BMI/age and had a good orthopaedic status (M = 1.55, SD = 3.3). Boys watching < 1–2 h of TV/PC/day had fewer days lost (M = 3, SD = 3.2) than those with a more sedentary lifestyle (M = 9.40, SD = 7.1) (P < 0.032). 90.5% participated in regular sporting activity; 79.9% at least twice a week. HRQoL in children was generally good, with highest impairments in boys aged 8–12 years. Boys aged 8–16 years reported good physical performance (M = 80.0, SD = 16.0) with highest impairments in the dimensions ‘endurance’ and ‘mobility’. Boys doing sport had a significant better physical performance and HRQoL than boys not doing sport. Sedentary life styles had a negative impact on the subjective physical performance and number of days lost of children. Encouraging haemophilic boys to participate in sport will have a direct impact on their overall HRQoL.
Grading breast cancer on microarray samples: comparison with Nottingham grade, and use of boosting classification
Authors: Dalton Leslie , Page David L 
Published: May 2012

Dalton L & Page D L  (2012) Histopathology 61, 497–508Grading breast cancer on microarray samples: comparison with Nottingham grade, and use of boosting classificationAims:  Nottingham breast cancer grade (NG) is a subjective morphological assessment based on evaluation of the entire tumour. The value of many novel immunohistochemical and molecular markers is being assessed on tiny microarray samples of tumour and compared with NG. The aim of this study was to investigate whether tumour morphology in microarray samples would correlate with NG.Methods and results:  We examined over 40 morphological features in each of 568 breast tumour samples on a microarray obtained from the US National Cancer Institute. Evaluations were subjective, and features were recorded as being present or absent in each tumour. Subsequently, on the basis of binary results, a boosting classification algorithm was implemented to help assign a ‘microarray score’ and ‘microarray grade’ to each tumour. Microarray grade was significantly correlated with NG (P < 0.01). High‐grade versus low‐grade discrepancies were rare (five of 568 samples).Conclusions:  The strong correlation of microarray grade with NG supports pathologist reproducibility in subjective evaluations.
Analysis of the frequency and nature of hyaline ring granulomas in inflammatory odontogenic cysts
Authors: Henriques Á. C. G. , Pereira J. S. , Nonaka C. F. W. , Freitas R. A. , Pinto L. P. , Miguel M. C. C. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAimTo determine the prevalence of hyaline ring granulomas (HRGs) in a large case series of inflammatory odontogenic cysts, and to investigate the nature of these structures.MethodologyAll records from the patients diagnosed with inflammatory odontogenic cysts between January 1970 and April 2009 were reviewed. Histologic sections were evaluated by light microscopy and cases with HRGs for which sufficient biological material was available were submitted to histochemical analysis (Masson's trichrome) and immunohistochemistry (CD34, CD68 and collagen IV).ResultsTwenty‐two (3.3%) of the 661 cases of inflammatory odontogenic cysts diagnosed during the study period presented HRGs. The relative frequency of HRGs was higher amongst residual radicular cysts (6.1%), followed by paradental cysts (5.6%) and radicular cysts (3.0%). HRGs appeared as roughly circular homogeneous/fibrillar masses in 14 (63.6%) cases and as round structures enclosing amorphous material in 3 (13.6%) cases. Most (77.8%) roughly circular homogeneous/fibrillar masses were positive for collagen, whereas all (100.0%) round structures enclosing amorphous material were negative for this protein. Immunohistochemistry showed that most mononucleated cells and all multinucleated giant cells were positive for CD68, but negative for CD34, in all cases. In addition, collagen IV immunostaining was negative in amorphous structures and weakly positive in homogeneous/fibrillar masses.ConclusionsThe present results suggest a very low frequency of HRGs in inflammatory odontogenic cysts and support the hypothesis that these structures arise from the implantation of foreign material, most likely food particles of plant or vegetable origin. The diverse microscopic features of HRG possibly represent different developmental stages of this structure.
Combined oral midazolam–ketamine better than midazolam alone for sedation of young children: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: MOREIRA THIAGO ANDERSON , COSTA PAULO SUCASAS , COSTA LUCIANE REZENDE , JESUS‐FRANÇA CRISTIANA MARINHO , ANTUNES DENISE ESPÍNDOLA , GOMES HUGO SÉRGIO OLIVEIRA , NETO ONOFRE ALVES 
Published: May 2012

International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2013; 23: 207–215
Background.  There is a lack of clinical trials on paediatric dental sedation.Aim.  We investigated whether young children’s behaviour improves during dental treatment with oral ketamine/midazolam compared with midazolam alone or no sedation.Design.  Healthy children under 36 months of age, presenting early childhood caries were randomly assigned to receive protective stabilization plus: combined oral midazolam (0.5 mg/kg) and ketamine (3 mg/kg) (MK), or oral midazolam (1.0 mg/kg) (MS), or no sedative (PS). One observer scored children’s behaviour using the Ohio State University Behavior Rating Scale (OSUBRS) at determined points in a dental exam (no sedative) and treatment session. Data were analysed using nonparametric bivariate tests.Results.  Forty‐one children were included. In the dental exam session, the sum of OSUBRS scores was similar for the three groups (P = 0.81). In the treatment session, the MK produced more cooperative behaviour than MS and PS (P = 0.01), longer sessions (P = 0.04), and a pattern of homogeneous OSUBRS scores from the reception area (before sedative administration) to the end of the session (P = 0.06). No immediate and post‐discharge side effects were observed in groups MK and MS.Conclusions.  The combination of oral midazolam and ketamine is efficacious for guiding the behaviour of children under 3 years old.
The relationship between value incongruence and individual and organizational well‐being outcomes: an exploratory study among Catalan nurses
Authors: Bao Yuanjie , Vedina Rebekka , Moodie Scott , Dolan Simon 
Published: May 2012

Bao Y, Vedina R, Moodie S & Dolan S (2013) The relationship between value incongruence and individual and organizational well‐being outcomes: An exploratory study among Catalan nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing 69(3), 631–641. doi: 10.1111/j.1365‐2648.2012.06045.AbstractAims.  To report a correlational study of the relations of value incongruence to the individual and organizational well‐being variables of self‐rated health, turnover intention, and accident propensity, as mediated by burnout.Background.  Previous literature found that value incongruence may lessen individual and organizational well‐being through the psychological mechanism of burnout. Empirical investigation is needed to validate these claims.Design.  A cross‐sectional between‐cases correlational design was used.Methods.  A survey was conducted in one of the largest university hospitals in a large metropolitan city in Spain in the spring of 2009, using a cross‐sectional design. A total of 234 nurses participated in the study. Stepwise regression was used to test the direct and mediation relationships.Results.  Hypotheses were confirmed for certain axes of values and outcome variables. In particular, Economical and Ethical value incongruence were found to be correlated with burnout. Economical, Ethical, and Emotional value incongruence were found to be correlated with turnover intention. Ethical and Emotional value incongruence were found to be correlated with accident propensity. Burnout partially mediated the relationship between Economical and Ethical value incongruence and turnover intention and fully mediated the relationship between Ethical value incongruence and accident propensity.Conclusion.  The purported mediation of burnout on the relationship between value incongruence and individual and organizational well‐being outcomes is valid on certain axes of values and outcome variables. This calls for caution when discussing value incongruence in organizations. Instead of advocating broad organizational culture congruence, we should target specific axes of values.
Conceptual framework of acute care nurse practitioner role enactment, boundary work, and perceptions of team effectiveness
Authors: Kilpatrick Kelley , Lavoie‐Tremblay Mélanie , Lamothe Lise , Ritchie Judith A. , Doran Diane 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAim.  This article describes a new conceptual framework for acute care nurse practitioner role enactment, boundary work and perceptions of team effectiveness.Background.  Acute care nurse practitioners contribute positively to patient care by enacting an expanded scope of practise. Researchers have found both positive and negative reactions to the introduction of acute care nurse practitioners in healthcare teams. The process of role enactment, shifting role boundaries, and perceptions of team effectiveness has been studied disparately. A framework linking team structures and processes to desirable outcomes is needed.Data sources.  Literature was obtained by searching CINAHL, PsycInfo, MedLine, PubMed, British Nursing Index, Cochrane Library, JSTOR Archive, Web of Science, and Google Scholar from 1985–2010. A descriptive multiple‐case study was completed from March 2009–May 2009.Discussion.  A new conceptual framework describing how role enactment and boundary work affect perceptions of team effectiveness was developed by combining theoretical and empirical sources. The framework proposes proximal indicators used by team members to assess their team’s performance.Implications for nursing.  The framework identifies the inter‐related dimensions and concepts that different stakeholders need to consider when introducing nurse practitioners in healthcare teams. Further study is needed to identify team‐level outcomes that reflect the contributions of all providers to quality patient care, and explore the patients’ and families’ perceptions of team effectiveness following the introduction of acute care nurse practitioners.Conclusion.  The new framework can guide decision‐making and research related to the structures, processes, and outcomes of nurse practitioner roles in healthcare teams.
Identification and management of ocular lipid deposition in association with hyperlipidaemia in captive moray eels , Gymnothorax funebris Ranzani, Gymnothorax moringa (Cuvier) and Muraena retifera Goode and Bean
Authors: Clode A B , Harms C , Fatzinger M H , Young F , Colitz C , Wert D 
Published: May 2012

AbstractOcular lipid deposition and its surgical management and possible association with systemic hyperlipidaemia in captive moray eels are described. Ophthalmologic examinations, haematology and plasma biochemistry analyses were performed on an initial population of captive moray eels (n = 10): green moray, Gymnothorax funebris Ranzani; spotted moray, Gymnothorax morninga (Cuvier) and reticulated moray, Muraena retifera Goode and Bean. Recently captured green moray eels comprised the control group (n = 9). Clinical signs compatible with ocular lipid deposition were identified in six of ten captive eels (60%) vs. none of the controls. Green moray eels in the initial captive population (n = 5) had significantly higher total protein, triglyceride, cholesterol and aspartate amino transferase values than the control eels. Dietary management was attempted in all captive eels, and surgical intervention was performed in three eels, including two from a separate population, with improved ocular clarity within 1 month post‐operatively. Histopathological evaluation of surgical specimens and two eyes from an additional affected eel that died suggested ocular lipid deposition. Eels in captivity have an apparent predisposition for hyperlipidaemia and ocular lipid deposition. Although limited in this study and complicated by exhibit restraints, dietary management was minimally effective, while surgery improved ocular clarity.
Fitness‐compensatory mutations in rifampicin‐resistant RNA polymerase
Authors: Brandis Gerrit , Wrande Marie , Liljas Lars , Hughes Diarmaid 
Published: May 2012

SummaryMutations in rpoB (RNA polymerase β‐subunit) can cause high‐level resistance to rifampicin, an important first‐line drug against tuberculosis. Most rifampicin‐resistant (RifR) mutants selected in vitro have reduced fitness, and resistant clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis frequently carry multiple mutations in RNA polymerase genes. This supports a role for compensatory evolution in global epidemics of drug‐resistant tuberculosis but the significance of secondary mutations outside rpoB has not been demonstrated or quantified. Using Salmonella as a model organism, and a previously characterized RifR mutation (rpoB R529C) as a starting point, independent lineages were evolved with selection for improved growth in the presence and absence of rifampicin. Compensatory mutations were identified in every lineage and were distributed between rpoA, rpoB and rpoC. Resistance was maintained in all strains showing that increased fitness by compensatory mutation was more likely than reversion. Genetic reconstructions demonstrated that the secondary mutations were responsible for increasing growth rate. Many of the compensatory mutations in rpoA and rpoC individually caused small but significant reductions in susceptibility to rifampicin, and some compensatory mutations in rpoB individually caused high‐level resistance. These findings show that mutations in different components of RNA polymerase are responsible for fitness compensation of a RifR mutant.
Role of DNA base excision repair in the mutability and virulence of Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Gonzalez Kaisha , Faustoferri Roberta C. , Quivey Jr Robert G. 
Published: May 2012

SummaryThe oral pathogen, Streptococcus mutans, possesses inducible DNA repair defences for protection against pH fluctuations and production of reactive oxygen metabolites such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which are present in the oral cavity. DNA base excision repair (BER) has a critical role in genome maintenance by preventing the accumulation of mutations associated with environmental factors and normal products of cellular metabolism. In this study, we examined the consequences of compromising the DNA glycosylases (Fpg and MutY) and endonucleases (Smx and Smn) of the BER pathway and their relative role in adaptation and virulence. Enzymatic characterization of the BER system showed that it protects the organism against the effects of the highly mutagenic lesion, 7,8‐dihydro‐8‐oxo‐2′‐deoxyguanine (8‐oxo‐dG). S. mutans strains lacking a functional Fpg, MutY or Smn showed elevated spontaneous mutation frequencies; and, these mutator phenotypes correlated with the ability of the strains to survive killing by acid and oxidative agents. In addition, in the Galleria mellonella virulence model, strains of S. mutans deficient in Fpg, MutY and Smn showed increased virulence as compared with the parent strain. Our results suggest that, for S. mutans, mutator phenotypes, due to loss of BER enzymes, may confer an advantage to virulence of the organism.
Identification of a metabolic bottleneck for cold acclimation in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Nägele Thomas , Stutz Simon , Hörmiller Imke I. , Heyer Arnd G. 
Published: May 2012

SummaryCentral carbohydrate metabolism of Arabidopsis thaliana is known to play a crucial role during cold acclimation and the acquisition of freezing tolerance. During cold exposure, many carbohydrates accumulate and a new metabolic homeostasis evolves. In the present study, we analyse the diurnal dynamics of carbohydrate homeostasis before and after cold exposure in three natural accessions showing distinct cold acclimation capacity. Diurnal dynamics of soluble carbohydrates were found to be significantly different in cold‐sensitive and cold‐tolerant accessions. Although experimentally determined maximum turnover rates for sucrose phosphate synthase in cold‐acclimated leaves were higher for cold‐tolerant accessions, model simulations of diurnal carbohydrate dynamics revealed similar fluxes. This implied a significantly higher capacity for sucrose synthesis in cold‐tolerant than cold‐sensitive accessions. Based on this implication resulting from mathematical model simulation, a critical temperature for sucrose synthesis was calculated using the Arrhenius equation and experimentally validated in the cold‐sensitive accession C24. At the critical temperature suggested by model simulation, an imbalance in photosynthetic carbon fixation ultimately resulting in oxidative stress was observed. It is therefore concluded that metabolic capacities at least in part determine the ability of accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana to cope with changes in environmental conditions.
The evidence for the use of recombinant factor VIIa in massive bleeding: revision of the transfusion policy framework
Authors: Lin Y. , Moltzan C. J. , Anderson D. R. ,   on behalf of the National Advisory Committee on Blood and Blood Products
Published: May 2012

SUMMARYIn 2006, the Canadian National Advisory Committee on Blood and Blood Products (NAC) developed a transfusion policy framework for the use of off‐label recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) in massive bleeding. Because the number of randomised controlled trials has doubled, the NAC undertook a review of the policy framework in 2011. On the basis of the review of 29 randomised controlled trials, there remains little evidence to support the routine use of rFVIIa in massive bleeding. Mortality benefits have not been demonstrated. Contrarily, an increase in arterial thromboembolic events has been observed with the use of off‐label rFVIIa. Given the absence of evidence of benefit and with evidence of the risk of harm, the NAC recommends that recombinant VIIa no longer be used for the off‐label indications of prevention and treatment of bleeding in patients without haemophilia.