bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Irinotecan and temozolomide for Ewing sarcoma: The Memorial Sloan‐Kettering experience
Authors: Casey Denise A. , Wexler Leonard H. , Merchant Melinda S. , Chou Alexander J. , Merola Pamela R. , Price Anita P. , Meyers Paul A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe prognosis for recurrent/progressive Ewing sarcoma (ES) remains poor. Pre‐clinical, adult phase I and II trials have demonstrated the combination of irinotecan and temozolomide to have schedule‐dependent synergy and significant antitumor activity. A pediatric phase I trial has shown this regimen to be safe and active in advanced ES.ProcedureWe conducted a retrospective chart review to identify patients with recurrent/progressive ES treated with irinotecan [20 mg/m2/day × 5(×2)] and temozolomide (100 mg/m2/day × 5) in our institution. The best response achieved, time to progression (TTP), and associated toxicities were recorded.ResultsTwenty patients received a total of 154 cycles of therapy. Of 19 evaluable patients, there were 5 complete and 7 partial responses (a 63% overall objective response). Median TTP for 20 evaluable patients with recurrent/progressive ES was 8.3 months; for the subset of 14 patients with recurrent ES, it was 16.2 months. Median TTP was better for patients who sustained a 2‐year first remission than for those who relapsed <24 months from diagnosis and for patients with primary localized vs. metastatic disease. Significant toxicities included grade 3 diarrhea (7 cycles), grade 3 colitis (1 cycle), grade 3 pneumonitis in one patient receiving concurrent whole‐lung RT, grade 3–4 neutropenia (19 cycles), and grade 3‐4 thrombocytopenia (16 cycles).ConclusionsIrinotecan and temozolomide is a well‐tolerated and active regimen for recurrent/progressive ES. Prospective trials are necessary to define the role of this regimen in newly diagnosed ES. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;53:1029–1034. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adrenal function testing in pediatric cancer survivors
Authors: Patterson Briana C. , Truxillo Lauren , Wasilewski‐Masker Karen , Mertens Ann C. , Meacham Lillian R. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackgroundCentral adrenal insufficiency is observed after cranial radiation therapy for cancer. Screening at risk patients is recommended, but the best screening strategy is unknown.MethodsA retrospective review of pediatric cancer survivors who underwent hypothalamic/pituitary/adrenal axis testing was conducted. Data included: cancer diagnosis, radiotherapy dose, other endocrinopathies, and adrenal function testing. Adrenal testing included sequential low‐dose corticotropin test (LDCT) and standard‐dose corticotropin test (SDCT). 8 a.m. serum cortisol levels were compared to LDCT results. LDCT results were compared by radiotheroapy dose and according to the presence of endocrine comorbidities.ResultsSeventy‐eight subjects (56% male, mean age at diagnosis 6.5 years) underwent testing. 67.9% had been treated with radiotherapy to the hypothalamus/pituitary. Mean time to diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency was 6.8 years after cancer diagnosis. Adequate adrenal function was found in 65% of patients by LDCT and 89% by SDCT. Only 21% of patients had basal serum cortisols collected at 8 a.m. Agreement between 8 a.m. baseline cortisol and LDCT was fair. Agreement between random baseline cortisol and LDCT was poor. Prevalence of central adrenal insufficiency diagnosed by LDCT increased with radiotherapy dose (8% for 10–19.9 Gy; 83% for ≥40 Gy) and the number of endocrine comorbidities.ConclusionsIn pediatric cancer survivors, central adrenal insufficiency was common even in patients receiving <40 Gy to the hypothalamus/pituitary. We recommend use of LDCT, not 8 a.m. serum cortisol to screen patients who received >30 Gy of radiotherapy and those with other central endocrinopathies. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009; 53:1302–1307. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pulmonary toxocariasis masquerading as metastatic tumor nodules in a child with osteosarcoma
Authors: Lim Yeon‐Jung , Kim Ji‐Hye , Oh Sung Hee , Jeon Seok Chul , Koh Hyun Chul , Lee Young‐Ho 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA 14‐year‐old male, who completed chemotherapy following limb salvage surgery for osteosarcoma approximately 2 years ago, was seen for routine follow‐up. A CT scan revealed new scattered multifocal nodular lesions. An ultrasonography‐guided percutaneous needle biopsy was done to confirm pulmonary metastasis of the underlying osteosarcoma. The lung biopsy showed findings of eosinophilic pneumonia with no evidence of malignancy. Peripheral eosinophilia was also noted. When a more thorough history revealed frequent intake of raw cow liver, we diagnosed pulmonary toxocariasis by ELISA for specific serum IgG antibody. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009; 53:1343–1345. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Proteome analysis demonstrates profound alterations in human dendritic cell nature by TX527, an analogue of vitamin D
Authors: Ferreira Gabriela Bomfim , van Etten Evelyne , Lage Kasper , Hansen Daniel Aaen , Moreau Yves , Workman Christopher T. , Waer Mark , Verstuyf Annemieke , Waelkens Etienne , Overbergh Lut , Mathieu Chantal 
Published: July 2009

AbstractStructural analogues of vitamin D have been put forward as therapeutic agents able to exploit the immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D, without its undesired calcemic side effects. We have demonstrated that TX527 affects dendritic cell (DC) maturation in vitro, resulting in the generation of a tolerogenic cell. In the present study, we aimed to explore the global protein changes induced by the analogue in immature DC (iDC) and mature human DC and to correlate them with alterations in DC morphology and function. Human CD14+ monocytes were differentiated toward iDC or mature DCs, in the presence or absence of TX527 (10−8 M) (n=4). Protein samples were separated into two different pH ranges (pH4–7 and 6–9), analyzed by 2‐D DIGE and differentially expressed spots (p<0.01) were identified by MALDI‐TOF/TOF (76.3 and 70.7% in iDC and mature DCs, respectively). Differential protein expression revealed three protein groups predominantly affected by TX527 treatment, namely proteins involved in cytoskeleton structure, in protein biosynthesis/proteolysis and in metabolism. Moreover, protein interactome‐network analysis demonstrated close interaction between these different groups (p<0.001) and morphological and functional analyses confirmed the integrated effect of TX527 on human DCs, resulting in a cell with altered morphology, cell surface marker expression, endocytic and migratory capacity.
Preservation of sliced ham through triclosan active film
Authors: Camilloto Geany Peruch , de Fátima Ferreira Soares Nilda , dos Santos Pires Ana Clarissa , de Paula Filipe Santos 
Published: July 2009

AbstractActive packaging is an alternative to preserve perishable food. In this work, polyethylene antimicrobial active films containing different levels of triclosan (0, 2000 and 4000 mg kg−1) were developed by extrusion. The films' efficacies were evaluated against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria innocua, Salmonella choleraesuis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth using agar diffusion test and by monitoring the inhibition of E. coli and S. aureus inoculated on sliced cooked ham. The mechanical characteristics of the films were also evaluated with Universal Test Machine (Instron). The incorporation of triclosan did not affect the mechanical properties of antimicrobial films compared to the control film. The average film thickness was 82.0 µm and the tensile strength and elongation to break were 30.3 N and 46.2%, respectively. Films containing triclosan showed an antimicrobial effect in vitro against E. coli and S. aureus, with formation of an inhibition halo for both. However, this result was not observed for L. innocua, S. choleraesuis and P. aeruginosa, although, a decrease in colony density occurred around the film for both incubation temperatures (7 ± 2°C and 35 ± 2°C). Sliced ham packed with the antimicrobial films showed a reduction of 1.5 logarithmic cycles in comparison to ham in contact with a control film after 12 days of storage at 7 ± 2°C, for E. coli and S. aureus. Antimicrobial films present potential for application as active packaging materials, as they showed effective against some pathogenic microorganisms that can be transmitted by foods. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrogen and oxygen isotopes of water from inclusions in minerals: design of a new crushing system and on‐line continuous‐flow isotope ratio mass spectrometric analysis
Authors: Dublyansky Yuri V. , Spötl Christoph 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAn analytical line for stable isotope analyses of water recovered from fluid inclusions in minerals was built and successfully tested. The line is based on the principle of continuous‐flow analysis of water via high‐temperature reduction on glassy carbon. It includes a custom‐designed set of high‐efficiency crushers and a cryo‐focusing cell. This paper provides details of the line design and discusses strategies for line conditioning and mitigation of memory effects. The line allows measurements of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes during a single acquisition. The precision of the analyses depends on the amount of water released from the inclusions. The best results are obtained for samples containing at least 0.1–0.2 µL (0.06–0.11 µmol) H2O. For such samples precision is better than 1.5‰ for δD and 0.5‰ for δ18O (1σ). Smaller amounts of water can be measured but at lower precision. Analyses of modern calcite formed under stable conditions in a deep cave allowed assessment of the accuracy of the analyses. The δD values measured in fluid inclusions of this working standard match the δD value of the parent water, and the oxygen isotope values agree within ca. 0.5‰. This indicates that fluid inclusions trapped in calcite at near‐ambient temperatures (e.g. speleothems and low‐temperatures phreatic calcite) faithfully preserve the original isotopic composition of the parent waters. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric characteristics of d4T H‐phosphonate and distamycin conjugates
Authors: Ding Jingjing , Qian Ning , Li Chao , Qiao Renzhong , Zhao Yufen 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe study of the dissociation of the protonated molecular species [M+H]+ and selected fragment ions allowed proposals for the main fragmentation pathways of the title compounds. The main fragments are formed by expelling a molecule of thymine, thymidine (d4T) or isopropyl. The most striking feature of the tandem mass (MS/MS) spectra is the cleavage of CCO bonds between N‐methylpyrrole and carbonyl groups in the presence of the amidine. Electrospray ionization is proven to be a good method for the structural characterization and identification of these kinds of compounds. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental and theoretical investigation on binary anionic clusters of AlmBi
Authors: Sun Zhang , Zhu Qihe , Gao Zhen , Tang Zichao 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAlmBi (m = 1–12; n = 1–4) binary cluster anions are generated by laser ablation of a sample composed of Al and Bi, and studied by reflectron time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (RTOF‐MS) in the gas phase. Some clusters with magic numbers are present in the mass spectrum. The structures of AlmBi (m + n ≤7) clusters are investigated with the density functional theory (DFT) method and the most likely structures are obtained. The calculations of the binding energy (BE), energy gain (Δ) and HOMO‐LUMO gaps confirm that the Al2Bi cluster has a very stable structure, which agrees well with the experimental results. It is further established that Al2Bi can be considered as a gas‐phase Zintl analogue that follows Wade's rules and is the analogue of Ga2Bi and Sn Zintl ions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dissociation of disulfide‐intact somatostatin ions: the roles of ion type and dissociation method
Authors: Mentinova Marija , Han Hongling , McLuckey Scott A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe dissociation chemistry of somatostatin‐14 was examined using various tandem mass spectrometry techniques including low‐energy beam‐type and ion trap collision‐induced dissociation (CID) of protonated and deprotonated forms of the peptide, CID of peptide‐gold complexes, and electron transfer dissociation (ETD) of cations. Most of the sequence of somatostatin‐14 is present within a loop defined by the disulfide linkage between Cys‐3 and Cys‐14. The generation of readily interpretable sequence‐related ions from within the loop requires the cleavage of at least one of the bonds of the disulfide linkage and the cleavage of one polypeptide backbone bond. CID of the protonated forms of somatostatin did not appear to give rise to an appreciable degree of dissociation of the disulfide linkage. Sequential fragmentation via multiple alternative pathways tended to generate very complex spectra. CID of the anions proceeded through CH2S cleavages extensively but relatively few structurally diagnostic ions were generated. The incorporation of Au(I) into the molecule via ion/ion reactions followed by CID gave rise to many structurally relevant dissociation products, particularly for the [M+Au+H]2+ species. The products were generated by a combination of SS bond cleavage and amide bond cleavage. ETD of the [M+3H]3+ ion generated rich sequence information, as did CID of the electron transfer products that did not fragment directly upon electron transfer. The electron transfer results suggest that both the SS bond and an NCα bond can be cleaved following a single electron transfer reaction. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometric analysis of the stable carbon composition of tetrols
Authors: Wang Wu , Li Li , Li Huaijian , Zhang Dongping , Wen Shen , Jia Wanglu , Wang Bangjin , Sheng Guo ying , Fu Jiamo 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe stable carbon isotope compositions of tetrols, erythritol and threitol were determined by gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/C/IRMS). Using four tetrols with various δ13C values derivatized by methylboronic acid, the carbon isotope analysis method achieved excellent reproducibility and high accuracy. There was no carbon isotopic fractionation during the derivatization processes. The differences in the carbon isotopic compositions of methylboronates between the measured and calculated ranged from −0.20 to 0.12‰, within the specification of the GC/C/IRMS system. It was demonstrated that δ13C values of tetrols could be calculated by a simple mass balance equation between tetrols, methylboronic acid, and methylboronates. The analogous 2‐methyltetrols, marker compounds of photooxidation products of atmospheric isoprene, should have similar behavior using the same derivatization reagent. This method may provide insight on sources and sinks of atmospheric isoprene. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Targeted analysis of protein citrullination using chemical modification and tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Stensland Maria , Holm Anders , Kiehne Andrea , Fleckenstein Burkhard 
Published: July 2009

AbstractProtein citrullination originates from enzymatic deimination of polypeptide‐bound arginine and is involved in various biological processes during health and disease. However, tools required for a detailed and targeted proteomic analysis of citrullinated proteins in situ, including their citrullination sites, are limited. A widely used technique for detection of citrullinated proteins relies on antibody staining after specific derivatization of citrulline residues by 2,3‐butanedione and antipyrine. We have recently reported on the details of this reaction. Here, we show that this chemical modification can be utilized to specifically detect and identify citrullinated peptides and their citrullination sites by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) analysis. Using model compounds, we demonstrate that in collision‐induced dissociation (CID) a specific, modification‐derived fragment ion appears as the dominating signal at m/z 201.1 in the MS/MS spectra. When applying electron transfer dissociation (ETD), however, the chemical modification of citrulline remained intact and extensive sequence coverage allowed identification of peptides and their citrullination sites. Therefore, LC/MS/MS analysis with alternating CID and ETD has been performed, using CID for specific, signature ion‐based detection of derivatized citrullinated peptides and ETD for sequence determination. The usefulness of this targeted analysis was demonstrated by identifying citrullination sites in myelin basic protein deiminated in vitro. Combining antibody‐based enrichment of chemically modified citrulline‐containing peptides with specific mass spectrometric detection will increase the potential of such a targeted analysis of protein citrullination in the future. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact of designing and evaluating molecular animations on how well middle school students understand the particulate nature of matter
Authors: Chang Hsin‐Yi , Quintana Chris , Krajcik Joseph S. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn this study, we investigated whether the understanding of the particulate nature of matter by students was improved by allowing them to design and evaluate molecular animations of chemical phenomena. We developed Chemation, a learner‐centered animation tool, to allow seventh‐grade students to construct flipbook‐like simple animations to show molecular models and dynamic processes. Eight classes comprising 271 students were randomly assigned to three treatments in which students used Chemation to (1) design, interpret, and evaluate animations, (2) only design and interpret animations, or (3) only view and interpret teacher‐made animations. We employed 2‐factor analysis of covariance and calculated effect sizes to examine the impact of the three treatments on student posttest performances and on student‐generated animations and interpretations during class. We used the pretest data as a covariate to reduce a potential bias related to students' prior knowledge on their learning outcomes. The results indicate that designing animations coupled with peer evaluation is effective at improving student learning with instructional animation. On the other hand, the efficacy of allowing students to only design animations without peer evaluation is questionable compared with allowing students to view animations. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 94:73–94, 2010
Students' use of decision‐making strategies with regard to socioscientific issues: An application of the Rasch partial credit model
Authors: Eggert Sabina , Bögeholz Susanne 
Published: July 2009

AbstractDecision making about socioscientific issues is an important aspect of modern science education worldwide. Among the many topics that represent socioscientific issues, issues relating to the sustainable development of our environment are one crucial topic. However, difficulties exist with respect to the assessment of teaching outcomes related to these issues. This paper presents results from two quantitative studies that were conducted to develop a test instrument that measures students' use of decision‐making strategies in situations relating to sustainable development. Data were analyzed using the Rasch partial credit model. Analyses concerning reliability and validity showed that the developed instrument provides an adequate measure of students' use of decision‐making strategies. Analyses indicated that the test instrument can be used among different age groups and that decision‐making competence increases with respect to years of education. Most elaborate strategies were characterized by the use of trade‐offs, the ability to weigh decision criteria, and the ability to reflect on the structure of decision‐making processes. In contrast, baselevel strategies were characterized by the use of cutoffs and an absence of elaborate metareflection. The results provide a valuable starting point for analyzing and fostering students' decision‐making competence in the science classroom. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 94:230–258, 2010
Altered expression and alpha‐1 adrenergic receptor mediated activity of protein kinase C in the prefrontal cortex of rats with neonatal ventral hippocampus lesions
Authors: Al‐Khairi Irina , Baharnoori Moogeh , Kamath Aarthi , Bhardwaj Sanjeev K. , Srivastava Lalit K. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe neonatal ventral hippocampus (nVH) lesion in rats captures many features of schizophrenia at the levels of behavior and neurobiological markers. We have previously reported enhanced expression of α‐1 adrenergic receptors (AR) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of postpubertal nVH‐lesioned rats and proposed that enhanced α‐1 AR signaling might participate in some of the behavioral abnormalities observed in the nVH‐lesioned rats. To assess the components of α‐1 adrenergic signaling in nVH‐lesiond rats, we examined prefrontal cortical expression of protein kinase C (PKC) subtypes by Western blotting and α‐1 AR‐stimulated PKC activity by in vitro enzyme assay in postpubertal animals. Neonatal VH‐lesioned animals showed significantly increased expression of membrane‐bound PKC‐α and the phosphorylated form of PKC. Cytosolic PKC‐βII and PKC‐γ expression were found to be decreased in the PFC of lesioned animals with no change in the expression of PKC‐βI either in the cytosol or membrane. PKC activity assays showed an increase in basal PKC activity in the PFC slices of nVH‐lesioned animals. Stimulation of α‐1 adrenergic receptor with different concentrations of the agonist phenylephrine (PE), while increasing PKC activity in the sham‐lesioned animals surprisingly decreased the activity in nVH‐lesioned animals. Increased basal levels as well as activity of prefrontal PKC and its anomalous regulation by α‐1 adrenergic receptors may participate in the cognitive and stress‐induced behavioral alterations in nVH‐lesioned animals. Synapse 63:1051–1059, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Second‐by‐second analysis of alpha 7 nicotine receptor regulation of glutamate release in the prefrontal cortex of awake rats
Authors: Konradsson‐Geuken Åsa , Gash Clelland R. , Alexander Kathleen , Pomerleau Francois , Huettl Peter , Gerhardt Greg A. , Bruno John P. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThese experiments utilized an enzyme‐based microelectrode selective for the second‐by‐second detection of extracellular glutamate to reveal the α7‐based nicotinic modulation of glutamate release in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of freely moving rats. Rats received intracortical infusions of the nonselective nicotinic agonist nicotine (12.0 mM, 1.0 μg/0.4 μl) or the selective α7 agonist choline (2.0 mM/0.4 μl). The selectivity of drug‐induced glutamate release was assessed in subgroups of animals pretreated with the α7 antagonist, α‐bungarotoxin (α‐BGT, 10 μM), or kynurenine (10 μM) the precursor of the astrocyte‐derived, negative allosteric α7 modulator kynurenic acid. Local administration of nicotine increased glutamate signals (maximum amplitude = 4.3 ± 0.6 μM) that were cleared to baseline levels in 493 ± 80 seconds. Pretreatment with α‐BGT or kynurenine attenuated nicotine‐induced glutamate by 61% and 60%, respectively. Local administration of choline also increased glutamate signals (maximum amplitude = 6.3 ± 0.9 μM). In contrast to nicotine‐evoked glutamate release, choline‐evoked signals were cleared more quickly (28 ± 6 seconds) and pretreatment with α‐BGT or kynurenine completely blocked the stimulated glutamate release. Using a method that reveals the temporal dynamics of in vivo glutamate release and clearance, these data indicate a nicotinic modulation of cortical glutamate release that is both α7‐ and non‐α7‐mediated. Furthermore, these data may also provide a mechanism underlying the recent focus on α7 full and partial agonists as therapeutic agents in the treatment of cortically mediated cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Synapse 63:1069–1082, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.