bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Development of Enteric-Coated Tablets of the Probiotic Lactobacillus
fermentum LF-G89: A Possible Approach to Intestinal Colonization
Authors: Spínello Paola , do Nascimento Pamela , da Silveira Verônica Cristina , Staudt Tatiana , Omidian Hamid , Tissiani Ana Caroline , Bertol Charise Dallazem 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Probiotics must be able to withstand the demanding environment of the
gastrointestinal system to adhere to the intestinal epithelium, promoting health benefits. The use of
probiotics can prevent or attenuate the effects of dysbiosis that have a deleterious effect on health,
promoting anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant effects.

Objective:
The aim of the study was to prepare tablets containing Lactobacillus fermentum LF-G89
coated with 20% Acryl-Eze II® or Opadry® enteric polymers.

Methods:
Tablet dissolution was evaluated under acidic and basic pH conditions, and aliquots of the
dissolution medium were plated to count the Colony-forming Units (CFU). The free probiotic's tolerance
to pH levels of 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0, as well as to pepsin, pancreatin, and bile salts, was assessed.

Results:
The probiotic was released from tablets coated after they withstood the pH 1.2 acid stage
for 45 minutes. The release was higher with the Acry-Eze II® polymer in the basic stage. The
amount of CFU of free probiotics at pH 1.0 to 4.0 as well as pepsin reduced over time, indicating
cell death. Conversely, the CFU over time with pancreatin and bile salts increased, demonstrating
the resistance of L. fermentum to these conditions due to hydrolases.

Conclusion:
Both coating polymers were able to withstand the acid step, likely ensuring the release
of the probiotic in the small intestine, promoting colonization. Coating with enteric material is a
simple and effective process to increase the survival of probiotics, offering a promising alternative
to mitigate the negative effects of the dysbiosis process.
Russian-German Economic Relations in the Context of the Deepening Political Confrontation Between the Russian Federation and the European Union
Authors: Kuzmina V. M. , Parkhomchuk M. A. 
Published: April 2024

Relevance. Today, Russian-German economic relations, on the one hand, are developing in the context of Russia ‒ EU relations, and on the other hand, between the Russian Federation and Germany, but they are weighed down by the influence of political factors. The traditional areas of economic cooperation received their first cracks due to the introduction of sanctions in 2014, but the “fourth” package of sanctions in March 2022 from the EU, which was successfully joined by the Scholz government, disrupted the world economic ties between countries that had been established for decades.The purpose is to assess the economic cooperation between Russia and Germany, taking into account the complicated political relations between the EU and the Russian Federation.Objectives: identify priority areas of cooperation between Russia and Germany at the present stage; highlight the constraining factors of economic relations between countries.Methods. A discursive analysis of the official statements of the heads of government was applied to study the qualitative and quantitative indicators of cooperation between the Russian Federation and Germany. The secondary statistical data obtained on the basis of the gravity modeling approach are analyzed.Results. The study showed that one of the most effectively developing industries is the investment of German companies in enterprises of Russian regions. The sanctions of the EU countries had a negative impact on certain high-tech sectors of the Russian economy, but Russian counter-sanctions on meat, milk and dairy products, as well as fruits and vegetables "hit" the consumer in the EU countries and Germany. The forecast of trade and economic relations in connection with the upcoming "fifth" package of EU sanctions against the Russian Federation is difficult.Conclusions. Germany occupied a significant place in trade, economic and investment cooperation with Russia. At the moment, unfounded accusations of Russia that our country is a “threat” to the European Union continue to be unraveled. Germany actively supports the EU in its course towards the introduction of new sanctions measures against the Russian Federation.
Analysis of the Export Potential of the Branches of the Agro-Industrial Complex of Russia
Authors: Tserenov I. V. , Dzhancharova G. K. , Tsitsige . . 
Published: April 2024

Relevance. Russian export of agricultural products by the end of 2020 showed a high potential for growth. Record harvests in some segments of the agricultural industry allowed Russia not only to increase the volume of supplies of agricultural products to the world food markets, but also to actually open new promising markets in Africa, Asia and Europe. State programs to support Russian farmers will maximize the stimulation of production and development of this industry, not only in terms of increasing production volumes, but also in terms of creating rural infrastructure.The purposeof this article is to assess the prospects for the development of individual sectors of the Russian agro-industrial complex and the possibilities of increasing the volume of export supplies to world food markets.Objectives. The article set and consistently solved the following tasks: to assess the results of the work of the Russian agro-industrial complex in the context of a pandemic economic development, to assess the volume of agricultural exports to international food markets, to analyze the state program "Export of agro-industrial products".Methodology. In the process of writing the work, methods of statistical analysis, graphical analysis of data, horizontal and vertical analysis, logical techniques, methods of analogy and generalization were used.Results. The review of the state and dynamics of the development of Russian agricultural exports made it possible to make a forecast and draw conclusions about the high potential of some branches of the agro-industrial complex for growth and expansion of supplies to the world food markets of Africa, Asia, and Europe.Conclusions. The program to stimulate the export of agricultural products until 2024 allowed Russia to advance in the ranking of world exports to 20th place at the end of 2020. Further advancement of the position in the rating will depend on the structure of export itself and the increase in the production of the processing industry in it. Forecasts for the growth of export of Russian agro-industrial complex products are quite optimistic and will depend on a number of objective factors.
The Phenomenon of Human State Existence in the Context of Philosophical and Legal Thought of Western European Civilization
Authors: Panishchev A. L. 
Published: April 2024

Relevance. This article is devoted to the study of the relationship between human nature and the state as a form of its expression. The relevance of this topic is determined by the fact that since the beginning of the XXI century there has been a tendency for the state as a form and way of being of a person to be squeezed out by transnational corporations. Meanwhile, the nature and essence of a transnational corporation differs from the nature and essence of a State, primarily in an anthropological sense.Purpose. The purpose of the presented work is to study the process of development of philosophical and legal thought in the direction of analyzing the anthropological meaning of the state and law.Objectives. The objectives of the article are to analyze the philosophical relationship between anthropological and legal thought at various stages of the development of European civilization: 1) in the era of Antiquity; 2) the Middle Ages; 3) Modern times; 4) Modern times, including modernity.Methodology. The comparative method, analysis and synthesis served as the methodological basis of this article. At the same time, the analysis of this topic took place in the historical and philosophical plane, which reflected some aspects of the evolution of philosophical and legal thought. The emphasis was placed on Western European philosophy, since a comprehensive analysis of the philosophical understanding of the relationship between man and the state in different cultural traditions is impossible in one article.Results. The author pays special attention to natural law, emphasizing its direct derivation from human nature. An anthropological crisis can lead to the degeneration of natural law, which will predispose states to disintegration. As a matter of fact, already relative to the time of the turn of the XX-XXI centuries, it is appropriate to state the gap between natural and positive law, which, although smoothed by some measures, for example, the ban on the death penalty, but in general continues to worsen.Conclusions. State policy should take into account spiritual values, which is a form of the state's concern for itself, since it is impossible to preserve national unity without a developed culture.
Assessment of Development Prospects of Non-Profit Organizations: Foreign and Domestic Practices
Authors: Polozhentseva Yu. S. 
Published: April 2024

Relevance. The socially oriented economy of foreign countries and Russia has led to an increase in the role of the non-profit sector in ensuring the effectiveness of supporting the population, primarily in the social sphere. However, the level of development of non-profit organizations (NPOs) largely depends on the existing mechanisms of state support, which they can use in the course of their activities to obtain additional benefits. There is a tendency for NCOs to accumulate in economically developed regions and to reduce their presence in remote or small regions.Purpose. The purpose of the study is to study the features of the development of NGOs in Russia and abroad, as well as the mechanisms for their support.Objectives: analyze the key aspects of the development of NGOs in the Russian Federation and in foreign countries; to consider the measures of assistance to NGOs used by foreign partners of the Russian Federation, to identify shortcomings in the existing mechanism for providing support to NGOs in our country, to formulate proposals for changing the tools for providing assistance to the non-profit sector.Methodology. The study is based on a general scientific approach, including methods of analysis and synthesis, a systematic analysis of domestic and foreign experience in the field of NPOs, and the identification of key aspects of the functioning of NPOs.Results. The study analyzes the dynamics of growth in the number of NGOs in the Russian Federation and in foreign countries. The impact of NPOs on the development of the Russian economy, in terms of the share of NPOs in the country's GDP, is analyzed. Based on a generalization of the current situation in the field of development of the non-profit sector in the Russian Federation, the key directions for the formation of the “Strategy for the Development of Non-Commercial Organizations in the Russian Federation” are identified.Conclusions. As part of the study, the degree of development of NGOs in Russia and abroad is considered in detail, the main directions for supporting this sector at various levels are identified, and the importance of the functioning of NGOs in order to develop civil society and the social sphere is emphasized.
Effects of a Planned Web-Based Educational Intervention Based on the Health Belief Model for Patients With Ischemic Stroke in Promoting Secondary Prevention During the COVID-19 Lockdown in China: Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Liu Zhuo , Sun Xin , Guo Zhen-Ni , Sun Ye , Yang Yi , Yan Xiuli 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Some common modified vascular risk factors remain poorly controlled among stroke survivors, and educational programs may help improve these conditions.

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a planned web-based educational intervention based on the health belief model (HBM) in promoting secondary prevention among patients with ischemic stroke.

Methods
An evaluation-blinded quasi-experimental trial with a historical control group was conducted. Patients admitted from March to June 2020 were assigned to the historical control group, and patients admitted from July to October 2020 were assigned to the intervention group. The control group received routine health management. The intervention group received 6 additional sessions based on the HBM via Tencent Meeting, an audio and video conferencing application, within 3 months after discharge. Sessions were held every 2 weeks, with each session lasting approximately 40 minutes. These sessions were conducted in small groups, with about 8 to 10 people in each group. The primary outcomes were changes in blood pressure (BP), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and the proportion of patients achieving the treatment target. The secondary outcomes were medication adherence, assessed with the Morisky Medicine Adherence Scale (MMAS), and disability, assessed with the modified Rankin scale.

Results
In total, 315 patients experiencing their first-ever stroke were analyzed. More patients in the intervention group had controlled BP (41.9% vs 28.4%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.93; P=.01), LDL-C (83.1% vs 67.7%; aOR 2.66; P=.001), and HbA1c (91.9% vs 83.9%; aOR: 3.37; P=.04) levels as well as a significant postintervention decrease in the systolic BP (adjusted β −3.94; P=.02), LDL-C (adjusted β −0.21; P=.008), and HbA1c (adjusted β −0.27; P<.001), compared with control groups. Significant between-group differences were observed in medication adherence (79.4% vs 63.2%; aOR 2.31; P=.002) but not in favorable functional outcomes.

Conclusions
A web-based education program based on the HBM may be more effective than current methods used to educate patients having strokes on optimal vascular risk factors and medication adherence.
Assessing Electronic Health Literacy in Individuals With the Post–COVID-19 Condition Using the German Revised eHealth Literacy Scale: Validation Study
Authors: Marsall Matthias , Dinse Hannah , Schröder Julia , Skoda Eva-Maria , Teufel Martin , Bäuerle Alexander 
Published: April 2024

Background
The eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS) is a widely used instrument for measuring eHealth literacy (eHL). However, little is known so far about whether the instrument is valid for the assessment of eHL in persons who are affected by the post–COVID-19 condition. This is particularly important as people with the post–COVID-19 condition are frequently affected by false information from the internet.

Objective
The objective of our study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the German Revised eHealth Literacy Scale (GR-eHEALS) in individuals with the post–COVID-19 condition.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to May 2022. The self-assessment survey consisted of the GR-eHEALS, health status– and internet use–related variables, sociodemographic data, and (post)–COVID-19–related medical data. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), correlational analyses, and tests of measurement invariance were deployed.

Results
In total, 330 participants were included in the statistical analyses. CFA revealed that the 2-factor model reached an excellent model fit (comparative fit index=1.00, Tucker–Lewis index=0.99, root mean square error of approximation=0.036, standardized root mean square residual=0.038). Convergent validity was confirmed by significant positive correlations between eHL and knowledge of internet-based health promotion programs, experience in using these programs, and the duration of private internet use. In addition, a significantly negative relationship of eHL with internet anxiety supported convergent validity. Further, significant relationships of eHL with mental health status and internal health locus of control confirmed the criterion validity of the instrument. However, relationships of eHL with physical health status and quality of life could not be confirmed. The 2-factor model was fully measurement invariant regarding gender. Regarding age and educational level, partial measurement invariance was confirmed. The subscales as well as the overall GR-eHEALS reached good-to-excellent reliability (Cronbach α≥.86).

Conclusions
The GR-eHEALS is a reliable and largely valid instrument for assessing eHL in individuals with the post–COVID-19 condition. Measurement invariance regarding gender was fully confirmed and allows the interpretation of group differences. Regarding age and educational level, group differences should be interpreted with caution. Given the high likelihood that individuals with the post–COVID-19 condition will be confronted with misinformation on the Internet, eHL is a core competency that is highly relevant in this context, in both research and clinical practice. Therefore, future research should also explore alternative instruments to capture eHL to overcome shortcomings in the validity of the GR-eHEALS.
Photos Shared on Facebook in the Context of Safe Sleep Recommendations: Content Analysis of Images
Authors: Pretorius Kelly , Kang Sookja , Choi Eunju 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Sudden unexpected infant death (SUID) remains a leading cause of infant mortality; therefore, understanding parental practices of infant sleep at home is essential. Since social media analyses yield invaluable patient perspectives, understanding sleep practices in the context of safe sleep recommendations via a Facebook mothers’ group is instrumental for policy makers, health care providers, and researchers.

Objective
This study aimed to identify photos shared by mothers discussing SUID and safe sleep online and assess their consistency with infant sleep guidelines per the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). We hypothesized the photos would not be consistent with guidelines based on prior research and increasing rates of accidental suffocation and strangulation in bed.

Methods
Data were extracted from a Facebook mothers’ group in May 2019. After trialing various search terms, searching for the term “SIDS” on the selected Facebook group resulted in the most relevant discussions on SUID and safe sleep. The resulting data, including 20 posts and 912 comments among 512 mothers, were extracted and underwent qualitative descriptive content analysis. In completing the extraction and subsequent analysis, 24 shared personal photos were identified among the discussions. Of the photos, 14 pertained to the infant sleep environment. Photos of the infant sleep environment were then assessed for consistency with safe sleep guidelines per the AAP standards by 2 separate reviewers.

Results
Of the shared photos relating to the infant sleep environment, 86% (12/14) were not consistent with AAP safe sleep guidelines. Specific inconsistencies included prone sleeping, foreign objects in the sleeping environment, and use of infant sleeping devices. Use of infant monitoring devices was also identified.

Conclusions
This study is unique because the photos originated from the home setting, were in the context of SUID and safe sleep, and were obtained without researcher interference. Despite study limitations, the commonality of prone sleeping, foreign objects, and the use of both infant sleep and monitoring devices (ie, overall inconsistency regarding AAP safe sleep guidelines) sets the stage for future investigation regarding parental barriers to practicing safe infant sleep and has implications for policy makers, clinicians, and researchers.
IMPLEMENTASI SEA RANCHING TERIPANG BERBASIS KEARIFAN LOKAL SISTIM SASI DI DESA WARBAL, MALUKU TENGGARA
Authors: Tomatala Pitjont 
Published: April 2024

Teripang merupakan komuditi laut yang bernilai ekonomis laut namun populasinya semakin berkurang di alam. Tahun 2009, desa Warbal membangun tempat agama dari hasil penerapan kearifan lokal sistem SASI teripang selama 5 tahun. Tahun 2017, desa Warbal menerapkan kearifan lokal sistem SASI teripang selama 2 tahun namun hasilnya tidak sebanyak tahun 2009. Masyarkat berkerinduan menerapkan kearifan lokal sistem SASI teripang dengan waktu 2 – 3 tahun namun berharap hasilnya melimpah. Keterbatasan pengetahuan mengenai Sea Ranching teripang merupakan permasalahan yang dihadapi masyarakat desa Warbal. Kegiatan ini bertujuan mengimplementasi Sea Ranching berbasis kearifan lokal sistem SASI untuk membantu masyarakat desa Warbal menyelesaikan permasalahan yang dihadapi. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini yaitu Sosalisasi, penetapan aturan kearifan lokal sistem SASI, pelatihan dan pembutan wadah budidaya, penerapan kearifan lokal sistem SASI dan penebaran benih serta monitoring evaluasi. Dari hasil kegiatan diketahui bahwa masyarakat desa Warbal telah menginplementasi Sea Ranching berbasis kearifan lokal sistem SASI dan menyakini bahwa melalui Sea Ranching dapat mempercepat waktu pelaksanaan kearifan lokal sistem SASI dan hasil panen teripang yang melimpah. Selain itu, pengetahuan mengenai pembuatan wadah pembesaran dan biologi reproduksi teripang telah diketahui masyarakat desa Warbal dengan baik. Sea cucumbers are a marine commodity that has marine economic value but their population is decreasing in nature. In 2009, Warbal village built a religious place from the results of implementing local wisdom SASI system of the sea cucumber during five years. In 2017, Warbal village implemented the local wisdom SASI system of the sea cucumbers during two years but the results were not as good as in 2009. The community hopes to implement local wisdom SASI system of the sea cucumbers within two to three years but hopes that the results will be abundant. Limited knowledge about Sea Ranching of sea cucumbers is a problem faced by the Warbal village community. This activity aims to implement Sea Ranching based on the local wisdom of the SASI system to help the Warbal village community solve the problems they face. The methods used in this activity are socialization, establishing local wisdom SASI system rules, training and making Pen-culture, implementing local wisdom SASI system, spreading seeds, as well as monitoring evaluation. From the results of the activity, it is known that the Warbal village community has implemented Sea Ranching based on the local wisdom SASI system and believes that Sea Ranching can speed up the closing time for local wisdom SASI system and produce abundant sea cucumber harvests. Besides that, knowledge about making Pen-culture and the reproductive biology of sea cucumbers is well known to the people of Warbal village.
Twitter Sentiment Analysis of the Low-Cost Airline Services After COVID-19 Outbreak: The Case of AirAsia
Authors: Saad Nor Hasliza Md , San Chin Wei , Yaacob Zulnaidi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Public opinion about experience and expectation on services that appear on Twitter platforms provides valuable insights into satisfaction and experience.

Objectives
This research investigates consumer perception and opinion toward AirAsia’s services after the COVID-19 outbreak.

Methods/Approach
A framework is proposed by integrating the customer satisfaction model with the digital service quality dimension: product quality, price, situational factors, personal factors, service quality, and digital service quality. Nvivo is used to extract and analyse Twitter data for sentiment analysis, thematic analysis, and word frequency calculations.

Results
Findings demonstrated that AirAsia had received more negative sentiments than positive sentiments, indicating a lower level of satisfaction across all dimensions of customer satisfaction.

Conclusions
This research provides the airline industry, especially AirAsia, with an opportunity to better understand the sentiments and preferences of its customers. AirAsia can use the findings of this research to evaluate the quality of their services, especially in terms of service quality, to improve customer satisfaction, gain customer loyalty, and enhance customer experience.