bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health and nutrition beliefs and perceptions of Brisbane adolescents
Authors: Giskes Katrina , Patterson Carla , Turrell Gavin , Newman Beth 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjective:  To examine the health and nutrition beliefs and perceptions of Brisbane adolescents.Design and methods:  Adolescents completed individual, semi‐structured, face‐to‐face qualitative interviews that were transcribed verbatim and analysed by thematic analysis.Subjects:  Twenty‐nine boys and girls aged 13–15 years.Setting:  All adolescents were residents of Brisbane city; interviews were conducted in their homes.Main outcome measures:  Themes raised and the frequency of their occurrence in discussions about health and nutrition.Results:  Health was perceived as being able to carry out daily physical tasks and was also seen as being a direct consequence of undertaking various ‘healthy’ behaviours (such as eating a good diet, undertaking physical activity and obtaining adequate sleep). Adolescents saw health as being an individual's responsibility (rather than a consequence of factors external to the individual). They identified a healthy diet as eating plenty of fruits and vegetables, being low in fat and balanced. Major barriers identified to healthy eating were taste and convenience.Conclusions:  Adolescents are knowledgeable about behavioural risk factors that influence their health, consider their health as important and are well informed of the characteristics of a healthy diet. They regard health as their own responsibility. Therefore, health and nutrition promotion initiatives may be most effective if they attempt to improve adolescents’ perceptions of healthy eating in terms of taste and convenience, rather than just focusing on the provision of information.
Infant feeding practices in home countries and Australia: Perth Chinese mothers survey
Authors: Li Lin , Zhang Min , Scott Jane A. , Binns Colin W. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjective:  This study aimed to document the infant feeding practices of Chinese‐Australian mothers in their home countries and following migration to Australia. The factors that influenced infant feeding practices are also described.Design:  A cross‐sectional survey.Subjects:  A sample of 506 Mandarin‐speaking mothers with at least one child, who were born outside of Australia, resident in the Perth area and aged between 23 and 59 years.Setting:  Community‐based household telephone interviews in Perth, Western Australia.Statistical analysis:  χ2‐statistics was used to test the differences in the rates and factors influencing infant feeding practices between mothers’ home countries and Australia.Results:  There were no significant differences between any breastfeeding rates among Chinese women delivering in either their home countries where breastfeeding initiation was 86.6% or in Australia. Full breastfeeding rates at three and six months for Chinese women were lower than recent Australian rates. Chinese women delivering in Australia received more breastfeeding support and assistance from health professionals. In Australia, 78% stated that they received support form their doctors and nurses for breastfeeding compared with 37.6% in their home countries (P < 0.001). In particular, they were more likely to have put their infant to the breast immediately after birth (47.9%) compared with women delivering in their home countries (4.1%) (P < 0.001). Solid foods were introduced earlier in their home countries.Conclusion:  The Chinese‐Australian mothers’ infant feeding practices in Australia reflected both Western and Eastern influences. The Chinese mothers introduced complementary foods earlier than in other Australian studies, suggesting that culturally specific programs will be needed to encourage exclusive breastfeeding to six months.
Wellbeing and nutrition‐related side effects in children undergoing chemotherapy
Authors: IKEDA E. Beatrix , COLLINS Clare E. , ALVARO Frank , MARSHALL Glenn , GARG Manohar L. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjective:  To describe wellbeing and nutrition‐related side effects in a group of paediatric oncology patients undergoing chemotherapy, and to examine associations with nutritional status, disease and treatment‐related factors.Methods:  Cross‐sectional survey of patients attending the Sydney (n = 41) or John Hunter Children’s Hospitals (n = 13). Wellbeing was assessed using the Multi‐attribute Health Status Classification Scheme (MHSCS) and the Play Performance Scale (PPS). Disease and treatment details were obtained through patient and parent interviews and audit of medical records. Nutritional status was assessed using anthropometric and biochemical measurements.Results:  Twenty‐four per cent and 33% scored maximum points on the MHSCS and PPS, respectively. Advanced stage of solid tumour or lymphoma was associated with worse MHSCS scores, P = 0.008. Longer time on treatment correlated negatively with PPS scores (r = −0.35; P = 0.030). The most frequent side effects were nausea, decreased appetite, vomiting and changes in taste. While 67% experienced five or more side effects concurrently, the number increased with length of time on treatment (r = 0.38; P = 0.006). Of the 23 patients experiencing five or more side effects, only two had been seen by a dietitian in the previous two months.Conclusion:  Nutrition‐related side effects are common in children undergoing chemotherapy, with the number of side effects not decreasing over time. While wellbeing scores were generally satisfactory, those with advanced stage of solid tumour or lymphoma, or with longer time on treatment, reported lower scores. We recommend that all paediatric oncology patients are referred for dietetic review, even those in the later stages of treatment, in order to optimise nutritional status and wellbeing.
Efficacy of Imatinib in Aggressive Fibromatosis: Results of a Phase II Multicenter Sarcoma Alliance for Research through Collaboration (SARC) Trial
Authors: Chugh Rashmi , Wathen J. Kyle , Patel Shreyaskumar R. , Maki Robert G. , Meyers Paul A. , Schuetze Scott M. , Priebat Dennis A. , Thomas Dafydd G. , Jacobson Jon A. , Samuels Brian L. , Benjamin Robert S. , Baker Laurence H. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Purpose: Aggressive fibromatoses (AF; desmoid tumors) are rare clonal neoplastic proliferations of connective tissues that can be locally aggressive despite wide surgical resection and/or radiation therapy. The Sarcoma Alliance for Research through Collaboration (SARC) initiated a prospective phase II trial to investigate the outcome of patients treated with imatinib, a multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in patients with AF, or 1 of 10 sarcoma subtypes. Here, we report specifically on the outcome of patients with AF as well as evaluations undertaken to examine the mechanism of imatinib.
Experimental Design: Patients ≥10 years old with desmoid tumors that were not curable by surgical management or in whom curative surgery would lead to undesirable functional impairment were eligible. Imatinib was prescribed at 300 mg twice daily [body surface area (BSA) ≥ 1.5 m2], 200 mg twice daily (BSA = 1.0-1.49 m2), or 100 mg twice daily (BSA &lt; 1.0 m2). Response outcomes at 2 and 4 months were assessed. Tissue specimens were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for expression of cKIT, platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα), PDGFRβ, AKT, PTEN, FKHR, and β-catenin. Tumor DNA was analyzed for PDGFRα exon 18 and APC mutations by allelic discrimination PCR.
Results: Fifty-one patients were enrolled. The median number of prior regimens was 1. Kaplan-Meier estimates of 2- and 4-month progression-free survival rates were 94% and 88%, respectively, and 1-year progression-free survival was 66%. Objective response rate was 6% (3 of 51). Expression and polymorphisms of target proteins were identified in tissue samples, but no significant correlation with outcome was observed using the samples available.
Conclusion: Imatinib may have a role in the management of unresectable or difficult to resect desmoid tumors. Clin Cancer Res; 16(19); 4884–91. ©2010 AACR.
Reduction in Ki-67 in Benign Breast Tissue of High-Risk Women with the Lignan Secoisolariciresinol Diglycoside
Authors: Fabian Carol J. , Kimler Bruce F. , Zalles Carola M. , Klemp Jennifer R. , Petroff Brian K. , Khan Qamar J. , Sharma Priyanka , Setchell Kenneth D.R. , Zhao Xueheng , Phillips Teresa A. , Metheny Trina , Hughes Jennifer R. , Yeh Hung-Wen , Johnson Karen A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPreclinical and correlative studies suggest reduced breast cancer with higher lignan intake or blood levels. We conducted a pilot study of modulation of risk biomarkers for breast cancer in premenopausal women after administration of the plant lignan secoisolariciresinol given as the diglycoside (SDG). Eligibility criteria included regular menstrual cycles, no oral contraceptives, a &gt;3-fold increase in 5-year risk, and baseline Ki-67 of ≥2% in areas of hyperplasia in breast tissue sampled by random periareolar fine-needle aspiration (RPFNA) during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. SDG (50 mg/d) was given for 12 months, followed by repeat RPFNA. The primary end point was change in Ki-67. Secondary end points included change in cytomorphology, mammographic breast density, serum bioavailable estradiol and testosterone insulin-like growth factor-I and IGF-binding protein-3, and plasma lignan levels. Forty-five of 49 eligible women completed the study with excellent compliance (median = 96%) and few serious side effects (4% grade 3). Median plasma enterolactone increased ∼9-fold, and total lignans increased 16-fold. Thirty-six (80%) of the 45 evaluable subjects showed a decrease in Ki-67, from a median of 4% (range, 2-16.8%) to 2% (range, 0-15.2%; P &lt; 0.001, Wilcoxon signed rank test). A decrease from baseline in the proportion of women with atypical cytology (P = 0.035) was also observed. Based on favorable risk biomarker modulation and lack of adverse events, we are initiating a randomized trial of SDG versus placebo in premenopausal women. Cancer Prev Res; 3(10); 1342–50. ©2010 AACR.
Non-permanent Inferior Vena Cava Filters for Prophylaxis and Treatment of Lower Limb Venous Thromboembolisme
Authors: Hiromatsu Shinichi , Nata Shinichi , Ohno Tomokazu , Shintani Yusuke , Kanaya Kurando , Sakashita Hideki , Fukunaga Shuji , Aoyagi Shigeaki 
Published: August 2010

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare our recent clinical experience with temporary inferior vena cava (IVC) filters (TF) and retrievable IVC filters (RF). Materials and methods: Patients who received TF or RF implantation between October 2002 and May 2009 were studied. The early clinical outcomes between the 2 groups were compared. Results: Nonpermanent IVC filters were placed in 119 patients (34 in TF and 85 in RF). Retrieval of RF and removal of TF were successful in 98.7% and 100%, respectively. The incidence of filter-related complications for TF was significantly higher than for RF (26.5% vs 3.5%; P = .0004). However, no symptomatic pulmonary embolism (PE) was observed during filter placement. Conclusion: TF and RF provided similar protection from PE. We prefer RF because they can be left in permanently if it is impossible to remove or retrieve the filter for some reason.
Monocyte-bound PF4 in the pathogenesis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
Authors: Rauova Lubica , Hirsch Jessica D. , Greene Teshell K. , Zhai Li , Hayes Vincent M. , Kowalska M. Anna , Cines Douglas B. , Poncz Mortimer 
Published: August 2010

AbstractHeparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a life- and limb-threatening thrombotic disorder that develops after exposure to heparin, often in the setting of inflammation. We have shown previously that HIT is associated with antibodies to complexes that form between platelet factor 4 and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) side chains on the surface of platelets. However, thrombosis can occur in the absence of thrombocytopenia. We now show that platelet factor 4 binds to monocytes and forms antigenic complexes with their surface GAG side chains more efficiently than on platelets likely due to differences in GAG composition. Binding to monocytes is enhanced when the cells are activated by endotoxin. Monocyte accumulation within developing arteriolar thrombi was visualized by situ microscopy. Monocyte depletion or inactivation in vivo attenuates thrombus formation induced by photochemical injury of the carotid artery in a modified murine model of HIT while paradoxically exacerbating thrombocytopenia. These studies demonstrate a previously unappreciated role for monocytes in the pathogenesis of arterial thrombosis in HIT and suggest that therapies targeting these cells might provide an alternative approach to help limit thrombosis in this and possibly other thrombotic disorders that occur in the setting of inflammation.
Bone morphogenetic protein receptor II regulates pulmonary artery endothelial cell barrier function
Authors: Burton Victoria J. , Ciuclan Loredana I. , Holmes Alan M. , Rodman David M. , Walker Christoph , Budd David C. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractMutations in bone morphogenetic protein receptor II (BMPR-II) underlie most heritable cases of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, less than half the individuals who harbor mutations develop the disease. Interestingly, heterozygous null BMPR-II mice fail to develop PAH unless an additional inflammatory insult is applied, suggesting that BMPR-II plays a fundamental role in dampening inflammatory signals in the pulmonary vasculature. Using static- and flow-based in vitro systems, we demonstrate that BMPR-II maintains the barrier function of the pulmonary artery endothelial monolayer suppressing leukocyte transmigration. Similar findings were also observed in vivo using a murine model with loss of endothelial BMPR-II expression. In vitro, the enhanced transmigration of leukocytes after tumor necrosis factor α or transforming growth factor β1 stimulation was CXCR2 dependent. Our data define how loss of BMPR-II in the endothelial layer of the pulmonary vasculature could lead to a heightened susceptibility to inflammation by promoting the extravasation of leukocytes into the pulmonary artery wall. We speculate that this may be a key mechanism involved in the initiation of the disease in heritable PAH that results from defects in BMPR-II expression.
Gene Expression Browser: large-scale and cross-experiment microarray data integration, management, search & visualization
Authors: Zhang Ming , Zhang Yudong , Liu Li , Yu Lijuan , Tsang Shirley , Tan Jing , Yao Wenhua , Kang Manjit S , An Yongqiang , Fan Xingming 
Published: August 2010

Abstract

Background
In the last decade, a large amount of microarray gene expression data has been accumulated in public repositories. Integrating and analyzing high-throughput gene expression data have become key activities for exploring gene functions, gene networks and biological pathways. Effectively utilizing these invaluable microarray data remains challenging due to a lack of powerful tools to integrate large-scale gene-expression information across diverse experiments and to search and visualize a large number of gene-expression data points.

Results
Gene Expression Browser is a microarray data integration, management and processing system with web-based search and visualization functions. An innovative method has been developed to define a treatment over a control for every microarray experiment to standardize and make microarray data from different experiments homogeneous. In the browser, data are pre-processed offline and the resulting data points are visualized online with a 2-layer dynamic web display. Users can view all treatments over control that affect the expression of a selected gene via Gene View, and view all genes that change in a selected treatment over control via treatment over control View. Users can also check the changes of expression profiles of a set of either the treatments over control or genes via Slide View. In addition, the relationships between genes and treatments over control are computed according to gene expression ratio and are shown as co-responsive genes and co-regulation treatments over control.

Conclusion

Gene Expression Browser is composed of a set of software tools, including a data extraction tool, a microarray data-management system, a data-annotation tool, a microarray data-processing pipeline, and a data search & visualization tool. The browser is deployed as a free public web service (http://www.ExpressionBrowser.com) that integrates 301 ATH1 gene microarray experiments from public data repositories (viz. the Gene Expression Omnibus repository at the National Center for Biotechnology Information and Nottingham Arabidopsis Stock Center). The set of Gene Expression Browser software tools can be easily applied to the large-scale expression data generated by other platforms and in other species.
Retinoic acid accelerates downregulation of the Xist repressor, Oct4, and increases the likelihood of Xist activation when Tsix is deficient
Authors: Ahn Janice Y , Lee Jeannie T 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Background
Imbalances in X-linked gene dosage between the sexes are resolved by transcriptionally silencing one of two X-chromosomes in female cells of the early mammalian embryo. X-inactivation is triggered by expression of the non-coding Xist gene. In turn, Xist is dually regulated by the antisense Tsix RNA and by the Oct4 pluripotency factor. Although there is general agreement that Tsix is an inhibitor of Xist, some laboratories have observed ectopic Xist induction in differentiating male ES cells when Tsix is mutated, whereas we have not observed significant changes in Xist. These observational differences have led to fundamentally diverse models of X-chromosome counting. Here, we investigate if different methods of cell differentiation and use of all -trans retinoic acid (RA) could be causative factors and how they might impact Xist expression.

Results
We compared suspension and cell-adhesion cultures in the presence or absence of RA and find that RA significantly impacts Xist expression in Tsix-mutant male cells. Whereas the standard embryoid body method infrequently leads to ectopic Xist expression, adding RA generates a significant number of Xist-positive male cells. However, while normal Xist clouds in wild-type female cells are robust and well-circumscribed, those found in the RA-treated mutant males are loosely dispersed. Furthermore, ectopic Xist expression does not generally lead to complete gene silencing. We attribute the effect of RA on Xist to RA's repressive influence on Oct4, a pluripotency factor recently shown to regulate Tsix and Xist. RA-treated ES cells exhibit accelerated decreases in Oct4 RNA levels and also display accelerated loss of binding to Xist intron 1. When Tsix is deficient, the faster kinetics of Oct4 loss tip the equilibrium towards Xist expression. However, the aberrant Xist clusters are unlikely to explain elevated cell death, as X-linked silencing does not necessarily correlate with the qualitatively aberrant Xist clusters.

Conclusions
We conclude that RA treatment leads to premature downregulation of Oct4 and partial derepression of Xist irrespective of X-chromosome counting. RA-induced Xist clusters in male cells do not result in global or stable silencing, and excess cell death is not observed. These data and RA's known pleiotropic effects on ES transcription networks suggest that RA differentation bypasses normal X-inactivation controls and should be used judiciously. We propose that the likelihood of Xist expression is determined by a balance of multiple Xist activators and repressors, and that levels of Oct4 and Tsix are crucial toward achieving this balance.
Surveillance of pyrazinamide susceptibility among multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Siriraj Hospital, Thailand
Authors: Jonmalung Jirarut , Prammananan Therdsak , Leechawengwongs Manoon , Chaiprasert Angkana 
Published: August 2010

Abstract

Background
Susceptibility testing of pyrazinamide (PZA) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis is difficult to perform because the acidity of culture medium that is required for drug activity also inhibits the growth of bacteria. In Thailand, very limited information has been generated on PZA resistance, particularly among multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) isolated from Thailand. Only two studies on PZA susceptibility among Thai M. tuberculosis strains have been reported; one used a pyrazinamidase assay, and the other used the BACTEC 460 TB for PZA susceptibility testing. In this study, we determined the percentage of strains possessing pyrazinamide resistance among pan-susceptible M. tuberculosis and MDR-TB isolates by using the pyrazinamidase assay, BACTEC MGIT 960 PZA method and pncA sequencing, and assessed the correlation in the data generated using these methods. The type and frequency of mutations in pncA were also determined.

Results
Overall, 150 M. tuberculosis isolates, consisting of 50 susceptible and 100 MDR-TB isolates, were tested for PZA susceptibility by BACTEC MGIT 960 PZA, the pyrazinamidase assay and pncA sequencing. The study indicated PZA resistance in 6% and 49% of susceptible and MDR-TB isolates, respectively. In comparison to the BACTEC MGIT 960 PZA, the PZase assay showed 65.4% sensitivity and 100% specificity, whereas pncA sequencing showed 75% sensitivity and 89.8% specificity. Twenty-four mutation types were found in this study, with the most frequent mutation (16%) being His71Asp. Of these mutations, eight have not been previously described. The Ile31Ser and Ile31Thr mutations were found both in PZA susceptible and resistant isolates, suggesting that mutation of this codon might not play a role on PZA resistance.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that phenotypic susceptibility testing is still essential for the detection of PZA resistance, especially for MDR-TB isolates. Some mutations were not associated with resistance and could lead to misinterpretation of the genotypic methods. This information could be helpful for clinicians in managing tuberculosis patients and frequencies, and the types of pncA mutations should offer baseline information on PZA resistance.
Effects of cellular iron deficiency on the formation of vascular endothelial growth factor and angiogenesis.
Authors: Eckard Jonathan , Dai Jisen , Wu Jing , Jian Jinlong , Yang Qing , Chen Haobin , Costa Max , Frenkel Krystyna , Huang Xi 
Published: August 2010

Abstract

Background
Young women diagnosed with breast cancer are known to have a higher mortality rate from the disease than older patients. Specific risk factors leading to this poorer outcome have not been identified. In the present study, we hypothesized that iron deficiency, a common ailment in young women, contributes to the poor outcome by promoting the hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) formation. This hypothesis was tested in an in vitro cell culture model system.

Results
Human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells were transfected with transferrin receptor-1 (TfR1) shRNA to constitutively impair iron uptake. Cellular iron status was determined by a set of iron proteins and angiogenesis was evaluated by levels of VEGF in cells as well as by a mouse xenograft model. Significant decreases in ferritin with concomitant increases in VEGF were observed in TfR1 knockdown MDA-MB-231 cells when compared to the parental cells. TfR1 shRNA transfectants also evoked a stronger angiogenic response after the cells were injected subcutaneously into nude mice. The molecular mechanism appears that cellular iron deficiency elevates VEGF formation by stabilizing HIF-1α. This mechanism is also true in human breast cancer MCF-7 and liver cancer HepG2 cells.

Conclusions
Cellular iron deficiency increased HIF-1α, VEGF, and angiogenesis, suggesting that systemic iron deficiency might play an important part in the tumor angiogenesis and recurrence in this young age group of breast cancer patients.