bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The severity and duration of postoperative pain and analgesia requirements in children after tonsillectomy, orchidopexy, or inguinal hernia repair
Authors: Stewart David W. , Ragg Philip G. , Sheppard Suzette , Chalkiadis George A. 
Published: October 2011

SummaryObjectives:  To provide parents of children with accurate information regarding postoperative pain, its management, and functioning following common surgical procedures.Background:  The increasing prevalence of pediatric day‐case procedures demands a more thorough understanding of the recovery profiles associated with these operations.Aim:  To document postdischarge pain profiles, analgesia requirements, and functional limitation in children following tonsillectomy, orchidopexy, or inguinal hernia repair (IHR).Methods:  Following hospital discharge, parents were asked to record their children’s pain levels, analgesia consumption, and degree of functional limitation each day until complete recovery. Pain and functional limitation were measured using the Parents’ Postoperative Pain Measurement (PPPM) scale and Functional Activity Score, respectively. Significant pain was defined as PPPM ≥ 6.Results:  One hundred and five patients (50, tonsillectomy; 24, orchidopexy; and 31, IHR) were recruited. Median PPPM was always <6 after IHR, ≥6 only on day 1 after orchidopexy and persisted through to day 8 after tonsillectomy. Mild or severe functional limitation was observed after all surgeries and persisted for 4, 5, and 4 days after median PPPM < 6 after IHR, orchidopexy, and tonsillectomy, respectively. Combination analgesia was commonly administered after orchidopexy and tonsillectomy but less so after IHR. The general practitioner consultation rate following tonsillectomy was 54%.Conclusions:  After tonsillectomy, children experience significant pain and severe functional limitation for 7 days after surgery. For many children, pain and functional limitation persists throughout the second postoperative week. In children undergoing orchidopexy, paracetamol and ibuprofen provide adequate analgesia. Pain begins to subside after the first postoperative day, and normal activity resumes after 7 days. After IHR, children experience mild pain that can be treated with paracetamol and return to normal functioning after 4 days.
Migratory flyway and geographical distance are barriers to the gene flow of influenza virus among North American birds
Authors: Lam Tommy Tsan‐Yuk , Ip Hon S. , Ghedin Elodie , Wentworth David E. , Halpin Rebecca A. , Stockwell Timothy B. , Spiro David J. , Dusek Robert J. , Bortner James B. , Hoskins Jenny , Bales Bradley D. , Yparraguirre Dan R. , Holmes Edward C. 
Published: October 2011

Ecology Letters (2011) 14: 24–33AbstractDespite the importance of migratory birds in the ecology and evolution of avian influenza virus (AIV), there is a lack of information on the patterns of AIV spread at the intra‐continental scale. We applied a variety of statistical phylogeographic techniques to a plethora of viral genome sequence data to determine the strength, pattern and determinants of gene flow in AIV sampled from wild birds in North America. These analyses revealed a clear isolation‐by‐distance of AIV among sampling localities. In addition, we show that phylogeographic models incorporating information on the avian flyway of sampling proved a better fit to the observed sequence data than those specifying homogeneous or random rates of gene flow among localities. In sum, these data strongly suggest that the intra‐continental spread of AIV by migratory birds is subject to major ecological barriers, including spatial distance and avian flyway.
A novel JKA allele, nt561C>A, associated with silencing of Kidd expression
Authors: Horn Trina , Castilho Lilian , Moulds Joann M. , Billingsley Katrina , Vege Sunitha , Johnson Nanette , Westhoff Connie M. 
Published: October 2011

BACKGROUND: The Jk(a−b−) null phenotype is not common but is more prevalent in Polynesian and Asian persons and appears to be rare in blacks. We determined the molecular basis for Jk(a−b−) in an African American family. DNA testing of samples from random African American, Caucasian, and Brazilian blacks was done to estimate the allele frequency.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Standard methods were used for red blood cell (RBC) typing. DNA was isolated from white blood cells, and polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) and amplification and sequencing of the coding regions of JK were performed by routine molecular methods. A MaeIII PCR‐RFLP assay was designed to target the nucleotide (nt) change.RESULTS: RBCs from the proband typed as Jk(a−b−) and DNA testing indicated JK*A/JK*A. JK sequencing found that the sample was homozygous for nt561C>A change, predicted to encode a premature stop in the protein (187Stop). The altered allele was present in the heterozygous state in three of six siblings. Testing of 500 African American and 100 Caucasian donors from the same region and 500 African American donors from the southern United States found no additional examples. Screening of 1174 Brazilian blacks revealed seven examples: one homozygote and six heterozygotes.CONCLUSIONS: JK*A (561C>A) is associated with a Kidd‐null phenotype in this African American family. The allele was present in approximately one in 168 Brazilian blacks, suggesting that detection of this allele is important to avoid false‐positive prediction of Jk(a) status in this population.
Construction and characterization of three knockout mutants of the fbl gene in Staphylococcus lugdunensis
Authors: MARLINGHAUS LENNART , BECKER KORDULA , KORTE MIRIAM , Neumann SANDRA , GATERMANN SÖREN G. , SZABADOS FLORIAN 
Published: October 2011

Marlinghaus L, Becker K, Korte M, Neumann S, Gatermann SG, Szabados F. Construction and characterization of three knockout mutants of the fbl gene in Staphylococcus lugdunensis. APMIS 2011
Staphylococcus lugdunensis is an important human pathogen that causes infectious diseases similar to those caused by Staphylococcus aureus. In contrast to S. aureus, only a very few pathogenicity factors of S. lugdunensis have been characterized. Notably, a genetic manipulation of S. lugdunensis has not yet been described. Ours is the first report where transformation of three different plasmids (pBT2, pRB473, and pT181) into S. lugdunensis and a directed genetic manipulation of S. lugdunensis are described. We constructed fbl knockout mutants from three different strains of S. lugdunensis to show that at least in these strains, the fibrinogen binding is exclusively mediated by Fbl.
CYR61 Modulates the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C Expression of Decidual NK Cells Via PI3K/AKT Pathway
Authors: Zhang Xindong , Ding Lijun , Diao Zhenyu , Yan Guijun , Sun Haixiang , Hu Yali 
Published: October 2011

Citation Zhang X, Ding L, Diao Z, Yan G, Sun H, Hu Y. CYR61 modulates the vascular endothelial growth factor C expression of decidual NK cells via PI3K/AKT pathway. Am J Reprod Immunol 2012; 67: 216–223Problem  Either vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGFC) or CYR61 plays an important role in placental development and may be involved in pre‐eclampsia. Decidual natural killer (dNK) cells are the main source of VEGFC in the maternal–fetal interface. However, it is unclear about CYR61 on the regulation of VEGFC secretion in dNK cells.Method of study  Decidual natural killer cells were isolated from decidual tissues of first trimester of pregnancy with anti‐human CD56–conjugated microbeads. Integrin αvβ3 was detected using immunofluorescent staining. dNK cells were cultured in the presence of CYR61, anti‐human αvβ3 integrin antibody (LM609), PI3K inhibitor (LY294002), or MEK inhibitor (U0126). VEGFC mRNA and protein were evaluated by real‐time PCR and ELISA, respectively.Results  Exogenous CYR61 induced the expression of VEGFC in dNK cells in both mRNA and protein levels. Integrin αvβ3 was strongly expressed on dNK cell surface. Anti‐αvβ3 integrin antibody inhibited the effect of CYR61 on VEGFC expression. LY294002, but not U0126, significantly reduced this promotion effect of CYR61 on dNK cells.Conclusions  The upregulation of VEGFC secretion mainly depends on CYR61 binding with integrin αvβ3 on the surface of dNK cells. PI3K/AKT, rather than the ERK/MAPK signal, is involved in the regulation.
Sustainability of a pharmacist-driven pathway for osteoporosis-related fractures on an orthopaedic unit after a 5-year period
Authors: Lai Beryl , Gibb Catherine , Pink Jennifer , Thomas Lesley 
Published: October 2011

Abstract

Objectives
Diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in hospitals are poor. Effective medications for reducing fracture risk are often underutilised in hospital settings. Studies have shown that improvements in secondary prevention of osteoporosis can occur with the implementation of clinical pathways and are effective in improving the prescription for osteoporosis medications. We aimed to assess the long-term sustainability of the benefit of the osteoporosis pathway implemented at The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, Australia, in 2003.

Methods
An audit was performed to review the rate of prescription for osteoporosis therapy 5 years after the implementation of a pharmacist-driven osteoporosis pathway in patients presented with a minimal trauma fracture and admitted to the Department of Orthopaedics at The Queen Elizabeth Hospital.

Key findings
Our review of a 5-year period shows that the rate of prescription for osteoporosis therapy in this patient group is 95%.

Conclusions
The pharmacist-driven osteoporosis pathway at The Queen Elizabeth Hospital has sustained the rate of prescription for osteoporosis therapy over a prolonged period of time.
Efficacy, Safety, and Pharmacokinetics of Intravenous Peramivir in Children with 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Influenza A Virus Infection
Authors: Sugaya Norio , Kohno Shigeru , Ishibashi Toru , Wajima Toshihiro , Takahashi Takao 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACT
Peramivir is a new neuraminidase inhibitor for intravenous administration that was first introduced in clinical practice in Japan. We conducted a multicenter, open-label, uncontrolled study in children with influenza virus infection ranging in age from ≥28 days to <16 years during the 2009 pandemic A (H1N1) influenza epidemic to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of peramivir in children after intravenous infusion of 10 mg/kg (600 mg maximum) once daily. Among the 106 children (125 days to 15 years old) confirmed to have been infected with the pH1N1 virus by the PCR who were treated with peramivir, the median time to alleviation of symptoms was 29.1 h (95% confidence interval = 22.1 to 32.4), and the proportion of the 106 children who were virus positive was 78.2% on day 2 after the start of treatment and had decreased to 7.1% on day 6. The results of the safety evaluation among 117 patients enrolled in this study showed that adverse events and adverse drug reactions were reported in 62.4 and 29.1%, respectively, of the patients. All of the adverse events and adverse drug reactions resolved or improved rapidly. A population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed on the basis of 297 observed plasma concentration data obtained from 115 children with influenza virus infection. Peramivir exposure in children was within the range of levels within which the efficacy and safety was confirmed in adults, and it is considered that peramivir is clinically and virologically effective and safe in children with pH1N1 virus infection.
Antifungal Susceptibilities of Aspergillus fumigatus Clinical Isolates Obtained in Nagasaki, Japan
Authors: Tashiro Masato , Izumikawa Koichi , Minematsu Asuka , Hirano Katsuji , Iwanaga Naoki , Ide Shotaro , Mihara Tomo , Hosogaya Naoki , Takazono Takahiro , Morinaga Yoshitomo , Nakamura Shigeki , Kurihara Shintaro , Imamura Yoshifumi , Miyazaki Taiga , Nishino Tomoya , Tsukamoto Misuzu , Kakeya Hiroshi , Yamamoto Yoshihiro , Yanagihara Katsunori , Yasuoka Akira , Tashiro Takayoshi , Kohno Shigeru 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACT

We investigated the triazole, amphotericin B, and micafungin susceptibilities of 196
A. fumigatus
clinical isolates in Nagasaki, Japan. The percentages of non-wild-type (non-WT) isolates for which MICs of itraconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole were above the ECV were 7.1%, 2.6%, and 4.1%, respectively. A G54 mutation in
cyp51A
was detected in 64.2% (9/14 isolates) and 100% (5/5 isolates) of non-WT isolates for itraconazole and posaconazole, respectively. Amphotericin B MICs of ≥2 μg/ml and micafungin minimum effective concentrations (MECs) of ≥16 μg/ml were recorded for two and one isolates, respectively.
Novel Protein-Based Pneumococcal Vaccines Administered with the Th1-Promoting Adjuvant IC31 Induce Protective Immunity against Pneumococcal Disease in Neonatal Mice
Authors: Olafsdottir Thorunn Asta , Lingnau Karen , Nagy Eszter , Jonsdottir Ingileif 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACT

Streptococcus pneumoniae
is responsible for many vaccine-preventable deaths, annually causing around 1 million deaths in children younger than 5 years of age. A new generation of pneumococcal vaccines based on conserved proteins is being developed. We evaluated the immunogenicities and protective efficacies of four pneumococcal protein vaccine candidates, PcsB, StkP, PsaA, and PspA, in a neonatal mouse model. Mice were immunized three times and challenged intranasally with virulent pneumococci. All four proteins were immunogenic in neonatal mice, and antibody (Ab) responses were significantly enhanced by the novel adjuvant IC31, which consists of an antibacterial peptide (

KLKL
5
KLK

) and a synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide, ODN1a, that signals through Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9). Two single proteins, StkP and PspA, combined with IC31 significantly reduced pneumococcal bacteremia but had no effects on lung infection. Three proteins, PcsB, StkP, and PsaA, were evaluated with alum or IC31. IC31 enhanced Ab responses and avidity to all three proteins, whereas alum enhanced Ab responses and avidity to StkP and PsaA only. Mice receiving the trivalent protein formulation with IC31 had significantly reduced bacteremia and lung infection compared to unvaccinated mice, but the level of protection was dependent on the dose of IC31. When PspA was added to the trivalent protein formulation, the dose of IC31 needed to obtain protective immunity could be reduced. These results demonstrate that a novel pneumococcal protein-based vaccine is immunogenic at an early age of mice and emphasize the benefits of using a combination of conserved proteins and an effective adjuvant to elicit potent protective immunity against invasive pneumococcal disease.
Conserved Regions as Markers of Different Patterns of Expression and Distribution of the Mucin-Associated Surface Proteins of Trypanosoma cruzi
Authors: De Pablos Luis M. , Osuna Antonio 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACT

The MASP gene family is the second most widely represented gene family in the genome of
Trypanosoma cruzi
. One of its main characteristics is that its 5′ and 3′ regions are highly conserved. We assessed the expression of these conserved regions as a marker for
T. cruzi
and also analyzed the expression of the
masp
genes and MASP proteins. In parasite strains CL-Brener (DTUVI lineage) and PAN4 (DTUI lineage),
masp
genes were expressed at different levels both with regard to the two strains and between stages in the parasite's life cycle. We also studied the expression of the family during the intracellular cycle of
T. cruzi
, using antibodies against the conserved MASP signal peptide (SP). Fluorescence intensity showed an increase in expression from 24 h onwards, with a peak in intensity at 72 h postinfection. After 24 and 48 h, the MASP proteins were expressed in 33.33% and 57.14% of the amastigotes, respectively. Our data show that not only the extracellular forms of
T. cruzi
but also the intracellular phases express this type of protein, though to different extents in the various forms of the parasite.
Differential Role of the Interleukin-17 Axis and Neutrophils in Resolution of Inhalational Anthrax
Authors: Garraud Kévin , Cleret Aurélie , Mathieu Jacques , Fiole Daniel , Gauthier Yves , Quesnel-Hellmann Anne , Tournier Jean-Nicolas 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACT

The roles of interleukin-17 (IL-17) and neutrophils in the lung have been described as those of two intricate but independent players. Here we identify neutrophils as the primary IL-17-secreting subset of cells in a model of inhalation anthrax using A/J and C57BL/6 mice. With IL-17 receptor A knockout (IL-17RA
−/−
) mice, we confirmed that IL-17A/F signaling is instrumental in the self-recruitment of this population. We also show that the IL-17A/F axis is critical for surviving pulmonary infection, as IL-17RA
−/−
mice become susceptible to intranasal infection by
Bacillus anthracis
Sterne spores. Strikingly, infection with a fully virulent strain did not affect IL-17RA
−/−
mouse survival. Eventually, by depleting neutrophils in wild-type and IL-17RA
−/−
mice, we demonstrated the crucial role of IL-17-secreting neutrophils in mouse survival of infection by fully virulent
B. anthracis
. This work demonstrates the important roles of both IL-17 signaling and neutrophils in clearing this pathogen and surviving pulmonary
B. anthracis
infection.
Selectin Ligand Sialyl-Lewis x Antigen Drives Metastasis of Hormone-Dependent Breast Cancers
Authors: Julien Sylvain , Ivetic Aleksandar , Grigoriadis Anita , QiZe Ding , Burford Brian , Sproviero Daisy , Picco Gianfranco , Gillett Cheryl , Papp Suzanne L. , Schaffer Lana , Tutt Andrew , Taylor-Papadimitriou Joyce , Pinder Sarah E. , Burchell Joy M. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The glycome acts as an essential interface between cells and the surrounding microenvironment. However, changes in glycosylation occur in nearly all breast cancers, which can alter this interaction. Here, we report that profiles of glycosylation vary between ER-positive and ER-negative breast cancers. We found that genes involved in the synthesis of sialyl-Lewis x (sLex; FUT3, FUT4, and ST3GAL6) are significantly increased in estrogen receptor alpha-negative (ER-negative) tumors compared with ER-positive ones. SLex expression had no influence on the survival of patients whether they had ER-negative or ER-positive tumors. However, high expression of sLex in ER-positive tumors was correlated with metastasis to the bone where sLex receptor E-selectin is constitutively expressed. The ER-positive ZR-75-1 and the ER-negative BT20 cell lines both express sLex but only ZR-75-1 cells could adhere to activated endothelial cells under dynamic flow conditions in a sLex and E-selectin–dependent manner. Moreover, L/P-selectins bound strongly to ER-negative MDA-MB-231 and BT-20 cell lines in a heparan sulfate (HS)–dependent manner that was independent of sLex expression. Expression of glycosylation genes involved in heparan biosynthesis (EXT1 and HS3ST1) was increased in ER-negative tumors. Taken together, our results suggest that the context of sLex expression is important in determining its functional significance and that selectins may promote metastasis in breast cancer through protein-associated sLex and HS glycosaminoglycans. Cancer Res; 71(24); 7683–93. ©2011 AACR.
PGE2-Induced CXCL12 Production and CXCR4 Expression Controls the Accumulation of Human MDSCs in Ovarian Cancer Environment
Authors: Obermajer Nataša , Muthuswamy Ravikumar , Odunsi Kunle , Edwards Robert P. , Kalinski Pawel 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Signals mediated by CXCL12 (SDF1) and its receptor CXCR4 are centrally involved in cancer progression, both directly by activating cancer cells and indirectly by inducing angiogenesis plus recruiting T regulatory and plasmacytoid dendritic immune cells. Here, we show that in ascites isolated from ovarian cancer patients, both CXCL12 and CXCR4 are controlled by the tumor-associated inflammatory mediator prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which attracts myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) into the ascites microenvironment. In this setting, PGE2 was essential both for expression of functional CXCR4 in cancer-associated MDSCs and for production of its ligand CXCL12. Frequencies of CD11b+CD14+CD33+CXCR4+ MDSCs closely correlated with CXCL12 and PGE2 levels in patient ascites. MDSCs migrated toward ovarian cancer ascites in a CXCR4-dependent manner that required COX2 activity and autocrine PGE2 production. Inhibition of COX2 or the PGE2 receptors EP2/EP4 in MDSCs suppressed expression of CXCR4 and MDSC responsiveness to CXCL12 or ovarian cancer ascites. Similarly, COX2 inhibition also blocked CXCL12 production in the ovarian cancer environment and its ability to attract MDSCs. Together, our findings elucidate a central role for PGE2 in MDSC accumulation triggered by the CXCL12-CXCR4 pathway, providing a powerful rationale to target PGE2 signaling in ovarian cancer therapy. Cancer Res; 71(24); 7463–70. ©2011 AACR.
Protective role of caffeic acid on lambda cyhalothrin-induced changes in sperm characteristics and testicular oxidative damage in rats
Authors: Abdallah Fatma Ben , Fetoui Hamadi , Zribi Nassira , Fakhfakh Feiza , Keskes Leila 
Published: October 2011

The synthetic pyrethroids are expected to cause deleterious effects on most of the organs and especially on the male reproductive system. The current study was performed to assess the adverse effect of lambda cyhalothrin (LC) on reproductive organs and fertility in male rats and to evaluate the protective role of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) in alleviating the detrimental effect of LC on male fertility. A total of 48 male rats were divided into 4 groups (12 rats each): control group received distilled water ad libitum and 1 ml of vehicle solution given intraperitoneally (i.p.); CAPE-treated group received a single i.p. dose of CAPE (10 μmol kg−1 day−1); LC-treated group received 668 ppm of LC through drinking water; and CAPE + LC-treated group received an i.p. injection of CAPE (10 μmol kg−1 day−1) 12 h before the LC administration. The experiment was conducted for 10 consecutive weeks. LC caused a significant increase in testicular malondialdehyde, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione- S-transferase activities, and sperm abnormalities and a significant reduction in testicular glutathione concentration, sperm count, sperm motility, and a live sperm percentage. Conversely, treatment with CAPE improved the reduction in the sperm characteristics, LC-induced oxidative damage of testes and the testicular histopathological alterations. Results indicate that LC exerts significant harmful effects on the male reproductive system and that CAPE reduced the deleterious effects of LC on male fertility.
Genotoxicity of heavy metals to the larvae of Chironomuskiiensis Tokunaga after short-term exposure
Authors: Al-Shami Salman A , Rawi Che Salmah Md , Ahmad Abu Hassan , Nor Siti Azizah Mohd 
Published: October 2011

The genotoxic effects of increasing concentrations (below lethal concentration [LC50]) of cadmium ([Cd] 0.1, 1 and 10 mg/L), copper ([Cu] 0.2, 2 and 20 mg/L) and zinc ([Zn] 0.5, 5 and 50 mg/L) on Chironomus kiiensis were evaluated using alkaline comet assay after exposure for 24 h. Both the tail moment and the olive tail moment showed significant differences between the control and different concentrations of Cd, Cu and Zn (Kruskal–Wallis, p < 0.05). The highest concentration of Cd was associated with higher DNA damage to C. kiiensis larvae compared with Cu and Zn. The potential genotoxicity of these metals to C. kiiensis was Cd > Cu > Zn.