bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prevalence of BV in the population on the Åland Islands during a 15‐year period
Authors: ERIKSSON KATARINA , ADOLFSSON ANNSOFIE , FORSUM URBAN , LARSSON PER‐GÖRAN 
Published: September 2010

Eriksson K, Adolfsson A, Forsum U, Larsson P‐G. The prevalence of BV in the population on the Åland Islands during a 15‐year period. APMIS 2010; 118: 903–8.The aim of the study was to describe the prevalence and age distribution of bacterial vaginosis (BV) during an observation period of 15 years in a population study with cross‐sectional samples of adult women living on the Åland Islands. The Åland Islands form an archipelago in the Baltic Sea and are a province of Finland. Every fifth year, specific age groups in the adult female population are invited to participate in a screening program for early diagnosis of cervical cancer using a papanicolaou (PAP)‐stained vaginal smear. Women in the age groups of 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, and 60 years are called each year. BV diagnosis of the PAP‐stained smears uses the classification according to Nugent. The PAP‐stained smears from the screening program of cervical cancer 1993, 1998, 2003, and 2008 were used in this study. A total of 3456 slides were investigated and 271 women could be followed for the 15‐year observation period. The prevalence of BV declined from 15.6% in 1993 to 8.6% in 2008. The highest prevalence occurred among the age groups of 35 and 50 years. Among the 271 women who could be followed for the 15‐year observation period, two‐third showed normal/intermediate flora and one‐third were infected with BV at least once. As this is a cross‐sectional population study spanning 15 years, the prevalence of BV in the female adult population of the Åland Islands can be estimated. The prevalence has declined between 1993 and 2008 from 15.6% to 8.6%.
Permanent make‐up colorants may cause severe skin reactions
Authors: Wenzel Sabrina M. , Welzel Julia , Hafner Christian , Landthaler Michael , Bäumler Wolfgang 
Published: September 2010

Background: In recent years, cosmetic tattoos [permanent make‐up (PMU)] on eyelids, eyebrows and lips have become increasingly popular. However, most colorants are manufactured for non‐medical purposes, without any established history of safe use in humans. Objectives: To investigate severe adverse reactions, such as swelling, burning, and the development of papules, of the lips and the surrounding area in 4 patients who had had at least two PMU procedures on their lips. Patients, Materials and Methods: Adverse skin reactions were examined with patch and prick testing of the colorants. In addition, skin biopsies were taken in the centre of the prick test for histology. One patient declined prick testing. Results: Beauticians tended to use various PMU products, but all contained Pigment Red 181 (CI 73360). All patients tested showed a clear delayed reaction to Pigment Red 181 or the tattoo ink, or both, after prick testing. Histology indicated an allergic reaction. Each lip lesion slowly abated after several months of topical or systemic therapy with steroids in combination with tacrolimus, but none has yet completely resolved. Conclusions: In light of the severe and often therapy‐resistant skin reactions, we strongly recommend the regulation and control of the substances used in PMU colorants.
Survival probability of zirconia‐based fixed dental prostheses up to 5 yr: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Schley Jaana‐Sophia , Heussen Nicole , Reich Sven , Fischer Jan , Haselhuhn Klaus , Wolfart Stefan 
Published: September 2010

Schley J‐S, Heussen N, Reich S, Fischer J, Haselhuhn K, Wolfart S. Survival probability of zirconia‐based fixed dental prostheses up to 5 yr: a systematic review of the literature. Eur J Oral Sci 2010; 118: 443–450. © 2010 Eur J Oral Sci The purpose of this systematic review was to calculate the 5‐yr survival rates of all‐ceramic zirconia‐based fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) and to analyze technical and biological complications. An electronic literature search of MEDLINE (PubMed) was conducted independently by three reviewers to identify clinical studies from 1999 to 2009 and was completed by a manual search. Keywords and inclusion and exclusion criteria were well‐defined. The search revealed 399 titles and led to the final analysis of 18 full‐text articles. Nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Extracted data were statistically calculated into 5‐yr survival rates and 5‐yr complication‐free rates by using Poisson regression analysis. In total, 310, 3‐ to 4‐unit FDPs and 20 FDPs with more than 4 units were included. The estimated 5‐yr survival rate for all FDPs was 94.29% (95% CI: 58.98–99.32); 19 FDPs were lost as a result of catastrophic failures. The 5‐yr complication‐free rate regarding technical complications was 76.41% (95% CI: 42.42–91.60) with chipping being the most frequent complication. Regarding biological complications, the 5‐yr complication‐free rate was 91.72% (95% CI: 59.19–98.53). The survival rates of zirconia‐based short‐unit FDPs are promising. However, an important improvement of the veneering systems is required, and for FDPs with more units in function, further randomized, controlled clinical trials are necessary.
Evaluation of a Long‐term Water Exercise Program for the Elderly: Focusing on Balance
Authors: Josephson Susan , Josephson Diane , Nitz Jennifer 
Published: September 2010

Book reviews in this article:Objective: The purpose of this project was to examine how postural control and balance, which are important to the upkeep of normal physical functioning in the elderly, may be maintained or improved by long‐term water exercise classes. It was hypothesised that hydrotherapy exercise once a week would be shown to positively effect measures of balance, postural control, functional mobility and flexibility in the exercising group when compared to a non‐exercising group.Method: This study comprised two groups. The first group was made up of a convenience sample of 19 subjects all over the age of 70 years, who had been undertaking water exercise sessions run by a Physiotherapist in a heated pool for one hour each week for a minimum of twelve months. The second group was a comparable group consisting of people of the same age, gender, pathology, medication intake and living arrangements who did not undertake any form of exercise above normal activities of daily living. The mean age of the subjects was 80 years and 10 months (SD 6.81 years) and ranged from 70 to 92 years.Measurements included: functional reach tests with the right and left arms, functional step testing using the right and left leg, the timed ‘up and go’ and right and left ankle dorsiflexion range.Results: The water exercise group performed significantly better on all four tests at a significance level of ≥ 0.05. Significant results of correlations with age of all tests except timed ‘up and go’ within the non‐exercising subject group and not the water exercise group highlighted the potential of water exercise to prevent or perhaps reverse the effects of ageing on balance.Conclusions: This data strongly supports the theory that long‐term water exercise classes do positively affect a person's flexibility, mobility and ability to maintain postural control. In turn this is likely to assist their functional status and hence, improve their quality of life.
The Role of Humour as a Coping Strategy in an Older Male Sample
Authors: Alpass Fiona , Neville Stephen , Flett Ross 
Published: September 2010

Book reviews in this article:Objectives: To investigate the moderating effect of humour as a coping strategy on the stress‐depression relationship in a group of older men.Method: Data was collected by cross‐sectional survey method.Results: Hierarchical regression analyses revealed significant main and interaction effects for stress and humour (as a coping strategy) on depression.Conclusions: The use of humour may be an effective coping strategy for older males confronted with high levels of daily stress.
When Condom Use is Not Condom Use: An Event-Level Analysis of Condom Use Behaviors During Vaginal Intercourse
Authors: Hensel Devon J. , Stupiansky Nathan W. , Herbenick Debby , Dodge Brian , Reece Michael 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Little is known about event-level condom use errors during vaginal sex.

Aims
The aim of this article is to examine factors associated with complete condom use compared to forms of incomplete condom use, including delayed condom application and early condom removal, over a 30-day period.

Methods
Data were collected in 2008 from 1,875 men during a prospective daily diary study of sexual behavior and condom use. Incomplete condom use was assessed during vaginal intercourse considering situational, relational, intrapersonal, and behavioral predictors. Analyses were generalized estimating equation multinomial logistic regression.

Main Outcome Measures
Condom use during vaginal sex: complete use, delayed application, early removal, and both delayed application/early removal.

Results
Of 29,714 diary reports, 30% (8,876) included vaginal intercourse. Analyses were conducted (in 2009) on 83.2% of these intercourse events (6,325), during which condoms were used and for which participants provided complete data. Incomplete condom use included penetration before applying condoms during 12% of events (749), removing condoms before intercourse ended during 3.1% (198), and both types of incomplete use during 2% (129) of events. Erection quality (less than typical erect penile length and circumference, less rigidity, and difficulty maintaining erection) was associated with greater odds of incomplete use, as was a participant’s history of other recent incomplete use. Perceptions of condom comfort and recent previous complete use were protective factors against incomplete use.

Conclusions
Men’s incomplete condom use is associated with recent condom use patterns, as well as with their physiological characteristics and perceptions of condoms during sexual intercourse. Event-level analyses such as these help describe how incomplete condom use occurs among individuals incorporating condoms into their sexual activities.
Development of guidelines for the safe prescribing, dispensing and administration of cancer chemotherapy
Authors: CARRINGTON Christine , STONE Leanne , KOCZWARA Bogda , SEARLE Christina 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAim:  The issue of medication safety is highly significant when anti‐cancer therapy is used due to the high potential for harm from these agents and the disease context in which they are being used. This article reports on the development of multidisciplinary consensus guidelines for the safe prescribing, dispensing and administration of cancer chemotherapy undertaken by a working group of the Clinical Oncological Society of Australia (COSA).Methods:  A working group of pharmacists, nurses and medical oncologists was convened from the COSA membership. A draft set of guidelines was proposed and circulated to the COSA council and the wider membership of COSA for comment. The final version of the guidelines was then distributed to 25 key stakeholders in Australia for feedback and endorsement.Results:  An initial draft was developed based on existing standards, evidence from the literature and consensus opinion of the group. It was agreed that published case studies would be used as evidence for a particular statement where related processes had resulted in patient harm. The group defined 13 areas where a guidance statement was applicable to all professional disciplines and three individual sections based on the processes and the professionals involved in the provision of cancer therapy.Conclusion:  The guidelines development represents a multidisciplinary collaboration to standardize the complex process of providing chemotherapy for cancer and to enhance patient safety. These are consensus guidelines based on the best available evidence and expert opinion of professionals working in cancer care. They should be seen as a point of reference for practitioners providing chemotherapy services.
Estimation of clover biomass and percentage in a performance trial of white clover‐timothy binary mixtures: Use of multiple regression equations incorporating plant cover measured with the grid‐point plate
Authors: Chen Jun , Okumura Kenji , Takada Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2010

AbstractClover biomass and its percentage are both important measurements for performance trials of clover cultivars in binary mixtures with grass species. In the present study we developed multiple regression equations for estimating clover biomass and its percentage composition in binary mixtures of white clover (Trifolium repens L., three cultivars and one breeding line) and timothy (Phleum pratense L.). Plant height, cover, cover × plant height and dry matter ratio of white clover and cutting time were considered as potential explanatory variables for the regression equation. White clover cover was measured using a grid‐point plate overlaid on a digital image of vegetation photographed from the top. The technique is considered to be useful for estimating herbage biomass and its percentage of white clover in a mixture with the grass because of high accuracy and precision in estimation and reduced time and labor requirements.
Chemical composition and in situ degradability of two varieties of sugarcane at different growth stages in subtropical Japan
Authors: Suzuki Tomoyuki , Sakaigaichi Takeo , Terajima Yoshifumi , Matsuoka Makoto , Kamiya Yuko , Hattori Ikuo , Tanaka Masahito 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSugarcane is an important crop and also a potential feed resource in the Southwestern Islands of Japan. We investigated chemical composition and in situ degradability of two Japanese sugarcane varieties, a common variety, NiF 8 and a new variety developed for cattle feed, KRFo 93‐1. We also evaluated these sugarcanes as alternatives to sugarcane top and imported oaten hay, i.e. commonly used roughages in the Southwestern Islands. The crude protein (CP) contents of both sugarcane varieties were usually lower than those of sugarcane top and oaten hay, showing a decrease with advancing maturity after ratooning. On the other hand, the non‐fiber carbohydrate contents of both varieties and the effective degradability of dry matter in NiF 8 increased with advancing maturity, possibly due to sucrose accumulation. The effective degradability of neutral detergent fiber for KRFo 93‐1 decreased with advancing maturity, being lower than that for sugarcane top and close to that of oaten hay. Overall, highest nutritional benefits would be obtained at a later stage harvest for NiF 8 and at an earlier stage harvest for KRFo 93‐1. CP and/or energy supplements are needed when either of the sugarcane varieties is used as an alternative to sugarcane top or imported oaten hay.
Effect of application form of nitrogen on oxalate accumulation and mineral uptake by napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum)
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Mijanur , Ishii Yasuyuki , Niimi Mitsuhiro , Kawamura Osamu 
Published: September 2010

AbstractOxalate occurs naturally in forage species, but excess levels of soluble oxalate adversely affect their nutritional quality as animal feed. Although induction of oxalate in plants has been associated with nitrate application, relatively little is known about oxalate in forage grasses. In the present study, we investigated oxalate accumulation and mineral uptake by napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum, cv. dwarf‐late) cultured in complete nutrient solution containing either solely nitrate or mainly ammonium as the main form of nitrogen. Total (shoot and root) yield of plants did not differ significantly between the nitrate and ammonium treatments. By contrast, the nitrogen form significantly affected oxalate accumulation and mineral uptake by plants. Nitrate application resulted in higher concentrations of soluble and insoluble oxalates in the shoot and soluble oxalate in the root than ammonium application. Nitrate application also resulted in higher concentrations of sodium and calcium in the shoot, and higher concentrations of sodium, calcium and magnesium in the root than ammonium application. The results suggest that the application of nitrate fertilizer as the sole source of nitrogen should be avoided in the cultivation of oxalate‐rich forages, though further studies are needed under field conditions.
Lepto-hadronic origin of γ-rays from the G54.1+0.3 pulsar wind nebula
Authors: Li Hui , Chen Yang , Zhang Li 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
G54.1+0.3 is a Crab-like pulsar wind nebula (PWN) with the highest γ-ray to X-ray luminosity ratio among all the nebulae driven by young rotation-powered pulsars. We model the spectral evolution of the PWN and find it difficult to match the observed multiband data with leptons alone using reasonable model parameters. In a lepton–hadron hybrid model, however, TeV photons come mainly from π0 decay in proton–proton interaction and the observed photon spectrum can be well reproduced. The newly discovered infrared loop and molecular cloud that lie in or closely around the PWN can work as the target for the bombardment of the PWN protons.
THE EFFECT OF GARLIC OR ONION MARINADE ON THE LIPID OXIDATION AND MEAT QUALITY OF PORK DURING COLD STORAGE
Authors: KIM Y.J. , JIN S.K. , PARK W.Y. , KIM B.W. , JOO S.T. , YANG H.S. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT Fresh semimembranosus pork was marinated with garlic or onion juice to determine their effect on lipid oxidation and meat quality during cold storage. Five marinade treatments, which include control (C) and two levels (3 and 6%) of garlic juice (GJ) or onion juice (OJ), were prepared and stored for 7 days at 4C. pH, color, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values, peroxide value (POV) and sensory evaluations of meat were determined at 1, 3 and 7 days of storage. The pH value of GJ and OJ were higher than control during 7 days of storage at 4C, and control had the lowest pH value. The marinated samples had significantly lower Hunter lightness and yellowness values than control (P < 0.05). The TBARS values of all pork samples increased during cold storage and this increase is greater if it is not any garlic and onion treatment (control). The pork marinated with 6% GJ showed the lowest TBARS value (P < 0.05), and pork marinated with 6% garlic or onion juice had significantly lower TBARS values than those with 3%. Also, 6% OJ sample reached lesser increase of TBARS than any treatment in 7 days of storage. All treatment samples increased POV values in 7 days storage (P < 0.05). The panelists also recorded higher sensory scores to the samples with marinated garlic and onion juice (P < 0.05). Sensory evaluations indicated that all marinated pork sample with garlic and onion juice had significantly higher tenderness and flavor attributes than control (P < 0.05).PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSOur results show that garlic and onion juice is recommended to improve sensory evaluation and antioxidant effect in marinated pork. Therefore, it is suggested that garlic and onion juice could be used to extend the shelf life of meat products, providing the consumer with meat containing natural additives, which might be seen as more healthful.
REVIEW: Diagnostic accuracy for coronary artery disease of multislice CT scanners in comparison to conventional coronary angiography: An integrative literature review
Authors: Delgado Karsen , Williams Mary 
Published: September 2010

Abstract Purpose: To examine the quality of cardiac imaging done by multislice computed tomography (MSCT) and its ability to correctly identify significantly occluded segments of coronary arteries compared with quantitative coronary angiography. Data sources: Databases searched were CINAHL, MEDLINE, EBSCO, Academic Search Premier, and Web of Science and Health Source: Nursing/Academic edition. Keywords used were “Computed Tomography,”“Coronar* Angiogra*,” and “Coronary Artery Disease.” Studies from peer‐reviewed journals published from 2002 to 2008 that compared quantitative coronary angiography to MSCT were evaluated. Additional sources were identified from review of reference lists from articles found in the electronic search. Conclusions: MSCT was best employed to screen for the absence of disease in patients who were in sinus rhythm, who had no previous bypass grafts or stents placed, had a low risk of calcifications, and who were not obese. Both 40‐ and 64‐slice technology demonstrated the highest accuracy in screening for the absence of disease on a vessel‐based analysis. Implications for Practice: Those who have multiple risk factors and are asymptomatic should still be screened via catheterization. More studies are needed to determine the effectiveness of newer 64‐slice technology as a tool to positively identify CAD.
CE ARTICLE: Recognizing and treating upper extremity lymphedema in postmastectomy/lumpectomy patients: A guide for primary care providers
Authors: Quirion Eva 
Published: September 2010

Abstract Purpose: To provide an overview of the lymphatics, physiology of lymphedema (LE), incidence, risks, and costs as well as a guide for the primary care provider on how to recognize the symptoms of LE, a review of current published treatment recommendations, and advice about making a referral to appropriate LE specialists. Data sources: Selected studies on diagnosing and treating LE in breast cancer patients following mastectomy/lumpectomy and evidence‐based treatment guidelines. Conclusions: LE is the most common complication related to breast cancer treatment with an occurrence estimated between 10% and 60% depending on the parameters used for measurement. Most commonly, LE occurs within the first 3 years after breast cancer treatment, but the remaining cases happen beyond this period of time and can occur after many years. This means that significant numbers of patients with LE can present to primary care clinicians. Implications for practice: A patient who is treated for breast cancer will be followed for a time by the oncology team, but eventually, that patient will be discharged from the oncology practice and will be seen in primary care. Risk factors for developing LE include treatment‐related (number of nodes removed and radiation to axilla), disease‐related (stage and location of tumor), and patient‐related (younger age, obesity, and comorbid conditions) factors. A systematic evaluation of any patient presenting with LE will assure accurate diagnosis and prompt treatment.