bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharyngeal swallow adaptations to bolus volume measured with high‐resolution manometry
Authors: Hoffman Matthew R. , Ciucci Michelle R. , Mielens Jason D. , Jiang Jack J. , McCulloch Timothy M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjective:To determine the effect of bolus volume on pharyngeal swallowing using high‐resolution manometry (HRM).Study Design:Repeated measures with subjects serving as own controls.Methods:Twelve subjects swallowed four bolus volumes in the neutral head position: saliva; 5 mL water; 10 mL water; and 20 mL water. Pressure measurements were taken along the length of the pharynx using a high‐resolution manometer, with emphasis placed on the velopharynx, tongue base, and upper esophageal sphincter (UES). Variables were analyzed across bolus volumes using three‐way repeated measures analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) investigating the effect of sex, bolus volume, and pharynx length. Pearson's product moment tests were performed to evaluate how pharyngeal pressure and timing events changed across bolus volume.Results:Velopharyngeal duration, maximum tongue base pressure, tongue base pressure rise rate, UES opening duration, and total swallow duration varied significantly across bolus volume. Sex did not have an effect, whereas pharynx length appeared to affect tongue base pressure duration. Maximum velopharyngeal pressure and minimum UES pressure had a direct relationship with bolus volume, whereas maximum tongue base pressure had an inverse relationship. Velopharyngeal pressure duration, UES opening duration, and total swallow duration increased as bolus volume increased.Conclusions:Differences in pharyngeal pressures and timing of key pressure events were detected across varying bolus volumes. Knowing the relationships between bolus volume and pharyngeal pressure activity can be valuable when diagnosing and treating dysphagic patients. Laryngoscope, 120:2367–2373, 2010
Nasoseptal flap takedown and reuse in revision endoscopic skull base reconstruction
Authors: Zanation Adam M. , Carrau Ricardo L. , Snyderman Carl H. , McKinney Kibwei A. , Wheless Stephen A. , Bhatki Amol M. , Gardner Paul A. , Prevedello Daniel M. , Kassam Amin B. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To provide a description of the techniques and limitations of nasoseptal flap takedown and reuse during second‐stage and revision endoscopic skull base surgery and review the institutional experience with the use of this reconstructive technique.Study Design:Case series.Methods:A retrospective analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak outcomes was performed for a consecutive series of patients who underwent the nasoseptal flap takedown technique during endoscopic skull base surgery at two tertiary care skull base centers.Results:Twenty‐eight consecutive cases with nasoseptal flap takedown procedures for endoscopic skull base reconstruction were collected and evaluated for flap viability and CSF leak outcomes. This cohort was composed of 14 revision surgeries and 14 planned second‐stage procedures. There were no cases of flap loss. Twenty cases involved the presence of intraoperative CSF leaks. Twelve of these 20 cases were second‐stage surgeries, and eight were revision or recurrent‐tumor procedures. Nineteen of 20 had successful skull base reconstruction without a postoperative CSF leak. One patient required revision endoscopic CSF leak repair and bolstering of the defect with a fat graft 3 days after the initial surgery. Endoscopic skull base reconstructive techniques and limitations of flap takedowns are discussed.Conclusions:Expansion of the limits of endoscopic skull base surgery must be accompanied by the development of new reconstructive options. This report illustrates the ability to take down and reuse the nasoseptal flap in staged and revision cases with a high success rate and minimal additional nasal morbidity. Laryngoscope, 2011
Good correlation between original and modified house Brackmann facial grading systems
Authors: Henstrom Douglas K. , Skilbeck Christopher J. , Weinberg Julie , Knox Christopher , Cheney Mack L. , Hadlock Tessa A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Subjective scales of facial function were plagued with reporting variations until the House‐Brackmann scale was described in 1985. Despite its utility, weaknesses were identified, including noninclusion of synkinesis phenomena and insensitivity to segmental weakness. Therefore, the scale was recently revised to address these weaknesses. The objective of this investigation was to determine agreement between the original and the updated House‐Brackmann scales.Study Design:Prospective clinical trial.Methods:Fifty consecutive new facial paralysis patients underwent standardized facial videography while performing facial movements. Video clips were scored by three independent facial nerve clinicians. The time it took to produce a score for each method was tracked. Interobserver correlations were calculated, and comparisons were made between scores by using the original and modified House‐Brackmann scales.Results:Interobserver correlation was high for both House‐Brackmann scales. Overall scores were in excellent agreement (difference of 0.1 ± 0.5, no statistical difference), although the modified scale took substantially longer to calculate (120 seconds ± 20 seconds vs. 30 seconds ± 10 seconds, P < .001).Conclusions:We found substantial grading correlation between the original and the newly modified House‐Brackmann scales. Because of specific zonal and synkinesis scoring, the modified scale took longer to score. Laryngoscope, 2011
Some characteristics of organic soils irrigated with municipal wastewater
Authors: Brzezińska M. , Sokołowska Z. , Alekseeva T. , Alekseev A. , Hajnos M. , Szarlip P. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractSoil irrigation with wastewater (WW) gives the opportunity to solve the problems of its disposal, final purification or reuse. Many studies have examined mineral soils upon continued WW application. The aim of this paper was to examine the properties of organic soils 3 years after WW application was discontinued. Peat‐muck soil planted with Populus spp. or Salix spp., and mineral‐muck soil under grasses were irrigated for 4 years with municipal WW at a low (comparable with intensive NPK fertilization) and high WW rate (600 and 1200 mm yearly, respectively). Soils were analysed for organic matter (OM), pH, bulk density (BD), water holding capacity (WHC), P2O5, Fe2O3, Al2O3, MnO, Zn, Pb, Cu, Cr, magnetic susceptibility (MS) and dehydrogenase and catalase activities. The results were compared with control soils which have never received WW. The study showed that only P2O5, MnO and catalase activity (CA) were significantly affected by former WW application. On average, P2O5 increased by 30 per cent, whereas MnO decreased by 35 per cent with no differences between the two WW rates. CA decreased by 18 per cent at the high WW rate. Most of tested characteristics were determined by soil type. The peat‐muck soil showed higher OM, WHC, P2O5, MnO, Pb and CA than mineral‐muck soil and lower BD, MS, Fe2O3, Al2O3 and Cr. Soil depth influenced Fe2O3, MnO, Zn, MS and enzyme activities, while basic soil properties (OM, pH, BD, WHC and P2O5) were not changed by soil depth. Heavy metals (Zn, Cr, Cu and Pb) were below upper permissible limits. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alemtuzumab induction in non-hepatitis C positive liver transplant recipients
Authors: Levitsky Josh , Thudi Kavitha , Ison Michael G. , Wang Edward , Abecassis Michael 
Published: August 2010

Abstract

Limited data exist for the use of alemtuzumab (AL) induction in liver transplantation (LT) recipients. We compared the outcomes of hepatitis C virus-negative LT recipients who received AL induction followed by tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil without steroids to cohort who received no AL induction, tacrolimus, and a steroid taper. Fifty-five AL-induced recipients were compared to 85 non-AL-induced recipients with similar characteristics. Two-year patient survival (80% versus 88.2%, P = 0.0665) and graft survival (76.4% versus 82.4%, P = 0.1792) were not significantly different between the AL and non-AL groups, respectively. Other outcomes, including acute rejection (20% versus 30.3%), renal dysfunction (creatinine levels: 1.3 ±0.3 versus 1.4 ± 0.6 mg/dL), and immunosuppressant monotherapy (29.1% versus 44.3%), were not significantly different between the AL and non-AL groups, respectively (P > 0.05). The number of rejection episodes (12 versus 42, P = 0.02) and the number of patients with new-onset hypertension (3 versus 15, P = 0.03) were lower in the AL group, although the incidence of all posttransplant infections was higher with AL (63.6% versus 44.3%, P = 0.03), primarily because of an increase in viral infections. In conclusion, a steroid-free AL induction regimen was associated with less hypertension and rejection but with more infectious complications; thus, the overall benefit of AL induction in LT recipients is called into question. Liver Transpl 17:32-37, 2011. © 2011 AASLD.
Polymeric Micelles with Tunable Channels
Authors: Ma Rujiang , Shi Linqi 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis article describes a novel type of polymeric micelles with tunable channels (PMTC), which are usually composed of a common core and a mixed shell of two different kinds of polymer chains with at least one of them being stimuli‐responsive. Phase separation of the mixed shell upon stimuli results in channels between the micelle core and the outer milieu for controlling mass exchange. Channel‐modulated drug release and catalysis based on PMTC are discussed. The PMTC have peculiar merits including facile manipulation of drug release rate and catalytic velocity, remarkable restraint of burst drug release, and efficient prevention of degradation of the micelle core due to their unique structure. Finally, prospects and challenges of PMTC are reviewed.magnified image
Face‐to‐Face Alignment of Porphyrin/Fullerene Nanowires Linked by Axial Metal Coordination
Authors: Xu Hua , Zheng Jianyu 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA general approach to construct one‐dimensional face‐to‐face alignment of porphyrin/fullerene nanowires has been developed. This system uses extended trans‐dihydroxotin(IV) porphyrin and trans‐dicarboxylate‐substituted [60]fullerenoacetic diacid compounds. The nanowires are arranged in regular one‐dimensional linear arrays with lengths in the range 50–300 nm. In the nanowires, each fullerene unit is axially coordinated to the central metal ion of a Sn(IV) porphyrin unit via Sn‐carboxylate coordination and forms a face‐to‐face aligned structure. The synthesis and the hierarchical structure of nanowires have been investigated. They could have potential applications for photoelectronic devices, organic solar cells and so on.magnified image
π‐Conjugated Polymers Consisting of Isothianaphthene and Dialkoxy‐p‐phenylene Units: Synthesis, Self‐Assembly, and Chemical and Physical Properties
Authors: Yamamoto Takakazu , Usui Motoaki , Ootsuka Haruki , Iijima Takayuki , Fukumoto Hiroki , Sakai Yoshimasa , Aramaki Shinji , Yamamoto Hiroshi M. , Yagi Takehiko , Tajima Hiroyuki , Okada Taku , Fukuda Takashi , Emoto Akira , Ushijima Hirobumi , Hasegawa Miki , Ohtsu Hideki 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA series of π‐conjugated alternating copolymers consisting of Th‐ITN‐Th and p‐C6H2(OR)2 units were synthesized. XRD indicated that the copolymers assume an interdigitation packing mode, and UV‐Vis spectra revealed a strong tendency for self‐assembly. Upon molecular assembly of the copolymer, the UV‐Vis absorption shifted by about 100 nm to a longer wavelength from that of the single molecule. The copolymers underwent electrochemical oxidation (or p‐doping) and reduction (or n‐doping) at 0.2 and −2.0 V versus Ag+/Ag, respectively. A p‐doped copolymer film showed an electrical conductivity of 182 S · cm−1, and the temperature dependence of electrical conductivity was measured. The copolymer showed piezochromism and served as a p‐channel material for a field‐effect transistor.magnified image
Fibrils Formed by Dendron‐b‐oligoaniline‐b‐dendron Block Co‐oligomer
Authors: Xiong Wei , Wang Hanfu , Han Yanchun 
Published: August 2010

AbstractNovel dendritic triblock co‐oligomer (14G2A3) consisting of ester dendrons and aniline oligomer was synthesized and found to self‐assemble into fibrils in THF. Studies reveal that the formation of the fibrils originates from both of the amphiphilic interactions between the ester dendrons and oligoaniline, as well as the intermolecular π‐π stacking among oligoanilines. The shape effect of dendrons on molecular packing was comparatively analyzed with packing parameter against its linear analogous compound. At the same time, the driving forces that dominate the final aggregating state of the block oligomer were separately investigated using the bulky‐group protecting method, which allows release of the intermolecular π‐π stacking of oligoaniline in a controlled manner. Results show that both the introduction of dendrons and the intermolecular π‐π stacking will increase the packing parameter of the block oligomer and, consequently, cause the self‐assembly morphology to evolve step by step from micelles to vesicles and finally to fibrils. The fibrils can form complexes with SWNTs to increase solubility in THF. The effective fluorescence quenching accompanied also opens a gate for the block co‐oligomer to have potential applications in organic electronic devices.magnified image
Fast human brain magnetic resonance responses associated with epileptiform spikes
Authors: Sundaram Padmavathi , Wells William M. , Mulkern Robert V. , Bubrick Ellen J. , Bromfield Edward B. , Münch Mirjam , Orbach Darren B. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractNeuronal currents produce local electromagnetic fields that can potentially modulate the phase of the magnetic resonance signal and thus provide a contrast mechanism tightly linked to neuronal activity. Previous work has demonstrated the feasibility of direct MRI of neuronal activity in phantoms and cell culture, but in vivo efforts have yielded inconclusive, conflicting results. The likelihood of detecting and validating such signals can be increased with (i) fast gradient‐echo echo‐planar imaging, with acquisition rates sufficient to resolve neuronal activity, (ii) subjects with epilepsy, who frequently experience stereotypical electromagnetic discharges between seizures, expressed as brief, localized, high‐amplitude spikes (interictal discharges), and (iii) concurrent electroencephalography. This work demonstrates that both MR magnitude and phase show large‐amplitude changes concurrent with electroencephalography spikes. We found a temporal derivative relationship between MR phase and scalp electroencephalography, suggesting that the MR phase changes may be tightly linked to local cerebral activity. We refer to this manner of MR acquisition, designed explicitly to track the electroencephalography, as encephalographic MRI (eMRI). Potential extension of this technique into a general purpose functional neuroimaging tool requires further study of the MR signal changes accompanying lower amplitude neuronal activity than those discussed here. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Robust 2D phase correction for echo planar imaging under a tight field‐of‐view
Authors: Xu Dan , King Kevin F. , Zur Yuval , Hinks R. Scott 
Published: August 2010

AbstractNyquist ghost artifacts are a serious issue in echo planar imaging. These artifacts primarily originate from phase difference between even and odd echo images and can be removed or reduced using phase correction methods. The commonly used 1D phase correction can only correct phase difference along readout axis. 2D correction is, therefore, necessary when phase difference presents along both readout and phase encoding axes. However, existing 2D methods have several unaddressed issues that affect their practicality. These issues include uncharacterized noise behavior, image artifact due to unoptimized phase estimation, Gibbs ringing artifact when directly applying to partial ky data, and most seriously a new image artifact under tight field‐of‐view (i.e., field‐of‐view slightly smaller than object size). All these issues are addressed in this article. Specifically, theoretical analysis of noise amplification and effect of phase estimation error is provided, and tradeoff between noise and ghost is studied. A new 2D phase correction method with improved polynomial fitting, joint homodyne processing and phase correction, compatibility with tight field‐of‐view is then proposed. Various results show that the proposed method can robustly generate images free of Nyquist ghosts and other image artifacts even in oblique scans or when cross‐term eddy current terms are significant. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A key management scheme for secure group communication using binomial key trees
Authors: Aparna R. , Amberker B. B. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractNumerous emerging applications, such as teleconferencing, board meetings, pay‐per‐view and scientific discussions, rely on a secure group communication model. Scalable group rekeying is an important issue in the secure group communication model as the nature of the group is dynamic. The number of encryptions performed and rekey messages constructed should be minimized to carry out updating of the group key, and secure delivery of the group key should be carried out in an efficient manner. In this paper, we propose a new scheme to manage the secure group using the binomial key tree approach. In this scheme, the number of encryptions performed and rekey messages constructed during membership change are fewer compared to the scheme proposed by Wong and others. Further, it is not required to balance the tree after each membership change. We show that, for a large group, the average encryption cost and rekey message cost are independent of the size of the group for join operation and logarithmic in size of the group for leave operation. Hence our scheme is scalable. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative study of two CPU router time management algorithms in cellular IP networks
Authors: Vidyarthi Deo Prakash , Anbar Mohammad 
Published: August 2010

AbstractProviding good quality of service (QoS) in cellular IP networks is an important requirement for performance improvement of the cellular IP network. Resource reservation is one of the methods used in achieving this goal and is proven to be effective. The main resources to be reserved in a cellular IP network are bandwidth, buffer and central processing unit (CPU) cycles. Router CPU cycle is the time taken by the router to process the packet of the flow before forwarding it to the next router (hop). This paper proposes a model for CPU cycle optimization of routers for real‐time flows in a cellular IP network. The model applies both genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) as soft computing tools to optimize the CPU cycles and reduces the flow processing time at each router in the route taken by a flow. Simulation experiments illustrate a comparative study of the model.
Amphiphile polydimethylsiloxane‐based networks reinforced with in situ generated silica
Authors: Alexandru Mihaela , Cazacu Maria , Racles Carmen , Grigoras Cristian 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPolydimethylsiloxanes, side functionalized in different degrees with chloromethyl groups, were reacted with 4,4′‐bipyridyl and crosslinking occurred by the formation of ionic (bipyridinium) groups. The reactions were carried out in a silica sol–gel system, and thus, two networks were generated simultaneously: amphiphile siloxane‐organic and silica networks. The samples, processed as films, were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to verify the occurrence of the crosslinking reactions. Different techniques were also used to evaluate the properties: differential scanning calorimetry for emphasizing the transitions, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy for the evaluation of the morphology and surface topography. The modification of the film surface topography, which depends on the solvent polarity, was also emphasized. The sorption capacities of the water vapors and of liquid solvents (water and chloroform) were investigated, and the obtained values proved to be a function of the polar group's content. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Physical properties of epoxy resin/titanium dioxide nanocomposites
Authors: Polizos Georgios , Tuncer Enis , Sauers Isidor , More Karren L. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA polymeric nanocomposite system (nanodielectric) was fabricated, and its mechanical properties were determined. The fabricated nanocomposite was composed of low concentrations of monodispersed titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles and an epoxy resin specially designed for cryogenic applications. The monodispersed TiO2nanoparticles were synthesized in an aqueous solution of titanium chloride and polyethylene glycol and subsequently dispersed in a commercial‐grade epoxy resin (Araldite® 5808). Nanocomposite thin sheets were prepared at several weight fractions of TiO2. The morphology of the composites, determined by transmission electron microscopy, showed that the nanoparticles aggregated to form particle clusters. The influence of thermal processing and the effect of filler dispersion on the structure–property relationships were identified by differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis at a broad range of temperatures. The effect of the aggregates on the electrical insulation properties was determined by dielectric breakdown measurements. The optical properties of the nanocomposites and their potential use as filters in the ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) range were determined by UV–vis spectroscopy. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Interdiffusion analysis based on novel ultrasonic welding method with inserting interposed sheet
Authors: Zhang Guohong , Qiu Jianhui 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe molecular movement process has been developed according to previous study on the novel ultrasonic welding method of inserting interposed sheet and its apparatus. Based on the classical reptation theory, a hauling theory of interdiffusion has been proposed which can accelerate molecular movement and interpenetration surprisingly. Hauling effect can promote the interdiffusion but has no effect on the interpenetration length. We involve a coefficient ku to modify the relationship between the reptation time before and diffusion time, which can be related to the relative displacement and friction coefficient among the molecular in terms of the equations. The surface roughness, welding time, and welding force have been experimented and resulted uniformly in which the diffusion has been accelerated from our experiments. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Degree of dispersion of polymeric compounds determined with terahertz time‐domain spectroscopy
Authors: Krumbholz N. , Hochrein T. , Vieweg N. , Radovanovic I. , Pupeza I. , Schubert M. , Kretschmer K. , Koch M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractTerahertz spectroscopy has been presented as a new technique for analyzing the degree of dispersion of polymeric compounds. It is a contact‐free and nondestructive technique that can also be used to monitor the filler content of compounds inline during the extrusion process as has already been presented elsewhere. The utilized terahertz frequency range bridges the infrared and the microwave region in the electromagnetic spectrum. Here, we present offline terahertz measurements and mechanical tests on injection molded specimens consisting of wood plastic composites with varying filler contents and different dispersion qualities. A clear linear relation between results of the terahertz measurements and mechanical tests has been found showing that terahertz spectroscopy is a powerful tool for analyzing polymeric compounding processes. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers