bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunogold electron microscopic evidence of differential regulation of GluN1, GluN2A, and GluN2B, NMDA‐type glutamate receptor subunits in rat hippocampal CA1 synapses during benzodiazepine withdrawal
Authors: Das Paromita , Zerda Ricardo , Alvarez Francisco J. , Tietz Elizabeth I. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBenzodiazepine withdrawal‐anxiety is associated with enhanced α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methylisoxazole‐4‐propionic acid receptor (AMPAR)‐mediated glutamatergic transmission in rat hippocampal CA1 synapses due to enhanced synaptic insertion and phosphorylation of GluA1 homomers. Interestingly, attenuation of withdrawal‐anxiety is associated with a reduction in N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR)‐mediated currents and subunit expression, secondary to AMPA receptor potentiation. Therefore, in this study ultrastructural evidence for possible reductions in NMDAR GluN1, GluN2A, and GluN2B subunits was sought at CA1 stratum radiatum synapses in proximal dendrites using postembedding immunogold labeling of tissues from rats withdrawn for 2 days from 1‐week daily oral administration of the benzodiazepine, flurazepam (FZP). GluN1‐immunogold density and the percentage of immunopositive synapses were significantly decreased in tissues from FZP‐withdrawn rats. Similar decreases were observed for GluN2B subunits; however, the relative lateral distribution of GluN2B‐immunolabeling within the postsynaptic density did not change after BZ withdrawal. In contrast to the GluN2B subunit, the percentage of synapses labeled with the GluN2A subunit antibody and the density of immunogold labeling for this subunit was unchanged. The spatial localization of immunogold particles associated with each NMDAR subunit was consistent with a predominantly postsynaptic localization. The data therefore provide direct evidence for reduced synaptic GluN1/GluN2B receptors and preservation of GluN1/GluN2A receptors in the CA1 stratum radiatum region during BZ withdrawal. Based on collective findings in this benzodiazepine withdrawal‐anxiety model, we propose a functional model illustrating the changes in glutamate receptor populations at excitatory synapses during benzodiazepine withdrawal. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:4311–4328, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Subcellular distribution of α1G subunit of T‐type calcium channel in the mouse dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus
Authors: Parajuli Laxmi Kumar , Fukazawa Yugo , Watanabe Masahiko , Shigemoto Ryuichi 
Published: July 2010

AbstractT‐type calcium channels play a pivotal role in regulating neural membrane excitability in the nervous system. However, the precise subcellular distributions of T‐type channel subunits and their implication for membrane excitability are not well understood. Here we investigated the subcellular distribution of the α1G subunit of the calcium channel which is expressed highly in the mouse dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN). Light microscopic analysis demonstrated that dLGN exhibits intense immunoperoxidase reactivity for the α1G subunit. Electron microscopic observation showed that the labeling was present in both the relay cells and interneurons and was found in the somatodendritic, but not axonal, domains of these cells. Most of the immunogold particles for the α1G subunit were either associated with the plasma membrane or the intracellular membranes. Reconstruction analysis of serial electron microscopic images revealed that the intensity of the intracellular labeling exhibited a gradient such that the labeling density was higher in the proximal dendrite and progressively decreased towards the distal dendrite. In contrast, the plasma membrane‐associated particles were distributed with a uniform density over the somatodendritic surface of dLGN cells. The labeling density in the relay cell plasma membrane was about 3‐fold higher than that of the interneurons. These results provide ultrastructural evidence for cell‐type‐specific expression levels and for uniform expression density of the α1G subunit over the plasma membrane of dLGN cells. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:4362–4374, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evidence of cell‐nonautonomous changes in dendrite and dendritic spine morphology in the met‐signaling–deficient mouse forebrain
Authors: Judson Matthew C. , Eagleson Kathie L. , Wang Lily , Levitt Pat 
Published: July 2010

AbstractHuman genetic findings and murine neuroanatomical expression mapping have intersected to implicate Met receptor tyrosine kinase signaling in the development of forebrain circuits controlling social and emotional behaviors that are atypical in autism‐spectrum disorders (ASD). To clarify roles for Met signaling during forebrain circuit development in vivo, we generated mutant mice (Emx1Cre/Metfx/fx) with an Emx1‐Cre‐driven deletion of signaling‐competent Met in dorsal pallially derived forebrain neurons. Morphometric analyses of Lucifer yellow‐injected pyramidal neurons in postnatal day 40 anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) revealed no statistically significant changes in total dendritic length but a selective reduction in apical arbor length distal to the soma in Emx1Cre/Metfx/fxneurons relative to wild type, consistent with a decrease in the total tissue volume sampled by individual arbors in the cortex. The effects on dendritic structure appear to be circuit‐selective, insofar as basal arbor length was increased in Emx1Cre/Metfx/fxlayer 2/3 neurons. Spine number was not altered on the Emx1Cre/Metfx/fxpyramidal cell populations studied, but spine head volume was significantly increased (∼20%). Cell‐nonautonomous, circuit‐level influences of Met signaling on dendritic development were confirmed by studies of medium spiny neurons (MSN), which do not express Met but receive Met‐expressing corticostriatal afferents during development. Emx1Cre/Metfx/fxMSN exhibited robust increases in total arbor length (∼20%). As in the neocortex, average spine head volume was also increased (∼12%). These data demonstrate that a developmental loss of presynaptic Met receptor signaling can affect postsynaptic morphogenesis and suggest a mechanism whereby attenuated Met signaling could disrupt both local and long‐range connectivity within circuits relevant to ASD. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:4463–4478, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition of 99.95% 28Si in form of nano‐ and polycrystals using silicon tetrafluoride precursor
Authors: Sennikov P. , Pryakhin D. , Andreev B. , Gavrilenko L. , Drozdov Yu. , Drozdov M. , Pohl H.‐J. , Shashkin V. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe process of plasma chemical deposition of silicon was investigated from its tetrafluoride containing 99.99% of 28Si isotope in the form of thin layer of nano‐crystalline silicon on silicon substrate and of thick layer of polycrystalline silicon on the inner surface of quartz reactor. The layers are characterized by the methods of X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Using the SIMS method the mechanism of isotopic dilution was investigated in the PECVD process (the content of 28Si isotope in layers was 99.95‐99.98%). A necessity is indicated in thorough special preparation of the reactor for minimization of isotopic dilution in case of fabrication of silicon containing ≥99.9% of 28Si. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
PECVD growth of crystalline silicon from its tetrafluoride
Authors: Sennikov P. , Pryakhin D. , Abrosimov N. , Andreev B. , Drozdov Yu. , Drozdov M. , Kuznetsov A. , Murel A. , Pohl H.‐J. , Riemann H. , Shashkin V. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe process of plasma chemical deposition of silicon from inductively coupled plasma of the mixture of high‐purity SiF4 and H2 sustained by RF discharge at 13.56 MHz in amount sufficient for subsequent growth of crystal by Czochralski method was investigated. The structure and impurity content of the produced layers as well as of the grown crystal have been studied (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Flow cytometric analysis of the uptake of low‐density lipoprotein by endothelial cells in microfluidic channels
Authors: van der Meer A. D. , Vermeul K. , Poot A. A. , Feijen J. , Vermes I. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAcceptance of microfluidic technology in everyday laboratory practice by biologists is still low. One of the reasons for this is that the technology combines poorly with standard cell biological and biochemical analysis tools. Flow cytometry is an example of a conventional analytical tool that is considered to be incompatible with microfluidic technology and its inherent small sample sizes. In this study, it is shown that properly designed microfluidic devices contain cell populations that are large enough to be analyzed by flow cytometry. To illustrate this, the uptake of fluorescent human low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) by human endothelial cells that were cultured in a microfluidic channel was analyzed. It was found that the uptake of LDL by the cells increased linearly over time. Moreover, the uptake decreased when cells were pretreated with fluid shear stress inside the microfluidic devices. This study shows that microfluidic technology can be combined with conventional flow cytometry, while retaining the advantages of working with microfluidics such as low reagent use and dynamic cell culture conditions. This approach of combining microfluidic technology with conventional laboratory tools may contribute to greater acceptance of microfluidic devices in biological research. © 2010 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Standardized single‐platform assay for human monocyte subpopulations: Lower CD14+CD16++ monocytes in females
Authors: Heimbeck Irene , Hofer Thomas P. J. , Eder Christiane , Wright Adam K. , Frankenberger Marion , Marei Ayman , Boghdadi Ghada , Scherberich Jürgen , Ziegler‐Heitbrock Loems 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe present a novel single‐platform assay for determination of the absolute number of human blood monocyte subpopulations, i.e., the CD14++CD16− and the CD14+CD16++ monocytes. A four‐color combination of antibodies to CD14, CD16, CD45, and HLA‐DR reduces the spill‐over of natural killer cells and of granulocytes into the CD14+CD16++ monocyte gate. For these CD14+CD16++ monocytes, the intra‐assay coefficient of variation (CV) was 4.1% and the inter‐assay CV was 8.5%. Looking at a cohort of 40 donors aged 18–60 years, we found no age dependence. There was however an effect of gender in that females had lower CD14+CD16++ monocytes (45.4 ± 13.5 cells/μl) compared with males (59.1 ± 20.3 cells/μl) (P < 0.02). Using this novel approach, we can confirm that exercise will lead to more than three‐fold increase of the CD14+CD16++ monocytes. Also, we show that therapy with low doses of glucocorticoids will deplete these cells. This robust single‐platform assay may be a useful tool for monitoring the absolute number of monocyte subpopulations in health and disease. © 2010 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Robust gridding of TMAs after whole‐slide imaging using template matching
Authors: Lahrmann Bernd , Halama Niels , Westphal Kathi , Ernst Claudia , Elsawaf Zeinab , Sinn Peter , Bosch Franz X. , Dickhaus Hartmut , Jäger Dirk , Schirmacher Peter , Grabe Niels 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTissue microarrays (TMAs) represent an important approach for the high‐throughput cellular analysis of large numbers of tissue samples on one single slide in research related to diagnostics and oncology. Whole‐slide imaging now enables full scanning and subsequent image analysis of such TMAs. In contrast to automatically spotted RNA microarrays, TMAs are fabricated manually and mechanically by arranging hundreds of tissue cores in a single paraffin block. This procedure frequently results in quality problems severely hampering the later automatic image analysis of TMAs after whole‐slide imaging. We therefore set out to (a) determine the extent of these quality issues in exemplary TMAs and (b) to develop a robust gridding method to identify the logical position coordinates of each TMA core on a virtual TMA slide. We present the first robust method identifying these coordinates by shifting a template grid over all cores of the TMA (template matching) and thereby measuring in how far the grid matches a predefined list of cores on the virtual TMA Slide. Analysis of 20 TMAs from Breast Cancer as well as 40 Head‐and‐Neck Cancer showed that frequent TMA layout issues comprise low staining, debris, core displacement, nonuniform background, missing cores, and rotated subarrays. On this highly demanding test comprising chromogen as well as fluorescence stained TMAs, our template matching method achieved an excellent position analysis. Of 8900 cores, 8864 (99.59%) were assigned properly. In all 60 slides of the test set, no localization error occurred. The automatic grid analysis of TMAs after whole‐slide imaging is highly demanding and requires dedicated algorithms. We demonstrate such a method and evaluate its performance. © 2010 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Proinflammatory activation pattern of human umbilical vein endothelial cells induced by IL‐1β, TNF‐α, and LPS
Authors: Makó Veronika , Czúcz Judit , Weiszhár Zsóka , Herczenik Eszter , Matkó János , Prohászka Zoltán , Cervenak László 
Published: July 2010

AbstractEndothelial cells play a critical role in inflammation by responding to several endogenous and exogenous proinflammatory stimuli. The three most studied factors that provide inflammatory signals to endothelial cells are lipopolysaccharide (LPS), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, and interleukin (IL)‐1β; however, their effects on endothelial cells were thoroughly compared at the level of gene expression only. Therefore, our aim was to assess the differences in the signaling pathways, adhesion molecules, and cytokines induced by proinflammatory factors in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). In this study, we demonstrated that signaling of LPS was less effective than that of IL‐1β, and was significantly slower than that ofTNF‐α and IL‐1β, which can be partially explained by the special localization of Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4). We showed that TLR4 is mainly localized in Golgi apparatus in HUVEC. The proinflammatory capacity of TNF‐α was similar to that of IL‐1β in inducing NF‐κB nuclear translocation, while IL‐1β was the strongest activator of MAPK pathways. Moreover, expression of E‐selectin, IL‐6, and IL‐8 was induced most efficiently by IL‐1β, while LPS and TNF‐α had less effect, whereas we did not find such a difference in ICAM‐1 and MCP‐1 expression. Due to the higher induction of E‐selectin and IL‐8, IL‐1β might have more important role in neutrophil recruitment than LPS and TNF‐α. By above‐mentioned parameters we identified a signaling and expression pattern for the three proinflammatory molecules. This pattern illustrates how complex a proinflammatory process can be, and may enable us to predict and compare the pathomechanism of various inflammatory diseases. © 2010 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Isomerization in Photochromic Ruthenium Sulfoxide Complexes
Authors: McClure Beth Anne , Rack Jeffrey J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe spectroscopic properties of photochromic ruthenium sulfoxide complexes are reviewed. The mode of action is associated with an excited state S→O isomerization triggered by light. These complexes feature large, positive Ru3+/2+ reduction potentials indicative of stabilization of the Ru dπ orbital set. In addition, these compounds feature large quantum yields of isomerization. In aggregate, the data argue against a promoting role for the LF states and suggest that isomerization occurs from the CT potential energy surface. Picosecond transient absorption experiments indicate a change in the isomerization mechanism between mondentate sulfoxide complexes and chelating sulfoxide complexes. These results as well as potential energy diagrams for certain complexes are discussed.
Preparation and characterization of a molecularly imprinted monolithic column for pressure‐assisted CEC separation of nitroimidazole drugs
Authors: Liao Sulan , Wang Xiaochun , Lin Xucong , Xie Zenghong 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA polymethacrylate‐based molecularly imprinted monolithic column bearing mixed functional monomers, using non‐covalent imprinting approach, was designed for the rapid separation of nitroimidazole compounds. The new monolithic column has been prepared via simple in situ polymerization of 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate and ethylene dimethacrylate, using (S)‐ornidazole ((S)‐ONZ) as template in a binary porogenic mixture consisting of toluene and dodecanol. The composition of the polymerization mixture was systematically altered and optimized by altering the amount of monomers as well as the composition of the porogenic solvent. The column performance was evaluated in pressure‐assisted CEC mode. Separation conditions such as pH, voltage, amount of organic modifier and salt concentration were studied. The optimized monolithic column resulted in excellent separation of a group of structurally related nitroimidazole drugs within 10 min in isocratic elution condition. Column efficiencies of 99 000, 80 000, 103 000, 60 000 and 99 000 plates/m were obtained for metronidazole, secnidazole, ronidazole, tinidazole and dimetridazole, respectively. Parallel experiments were carried out using molecularly imprinted and non‐imprinted capillary columns. The separation might be the result of combined effects including hydrophobic, hydrogen bonding and the imprinting cavities on the (S)‐ONZ‐imprinted monolithic column.
Incremental patterns in the amount of informal and formal care among non‐demented and demented elderly persons results from a 3‐year follow‐up population‐based study
Authors: Wimo A , Sjölund BM , Sköldunger A , Johansson L , Nordberg G , von Strauss E 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjectiveElderly care includes complex interactions between formal services, informal care, morbidity and disabilities. Studies of the incremental effects of formal and informal care are rare and thus the objective was to describe the longitudinal patterns in formal and informal care given to non‐demented and demented persons living in a rural area in Sweden.MethodsTransitions in the Kungsholmen–Nordanstig Project (n = 919) was followed up 3 years later (n = 579), presented as different combinations of informal and formal care, institutionalization and mortality. Number of hours spent on care was examined by the Resource Utilization in Dementia instrument (RUD). Bootstrapped descriptive statistics and regression models were applied.ResultsThe overall mortality during follow‐up was 34%, and 15% had been institutionalized. Of those who lived at home, those receiving only formal care had been institutionalized to the greatest extent (29%; p < 0.05). In terms of hours, informal care decreased amongst demented. The ratio between demented and non‐demented was greater at baseline, both regarding informal care (10:1 and 3:1, respectively) and formal care (5:1 and 4:1, respectively). People with mild cognitive decline and no home support at baseline had a great risk of being receiver of care (formal or informal) or dead at follow‐up.ConclusionsThe amount of informal care was lower for demented persons still living at home at follow‐up than at baseline, probably due to selection effects (institutionalization and mortality). Mild cognitive decline of non‐users of care at baseline was strongly associated with receiving care or being dead at follow‐up. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel analytical solution of heat transfer of a micropolar fluid through a porous medium with radiation by DTM‐Padé
Authors: Rashidi M.M. , Mohimanian Pour S.A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this paper, the differential transform method (DTM) was applied to heat transfer of a micropolar fluid through a porous medium with radiation. The governing equations can be written as a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The approximate solutions of these equations were obtained in the form of series with easily computable terms. Then, Padé approximant was applied to increase the convergence rate of the series. The results obtained in this study were compared with the numerical results (fourth‐order Runge–Kutta method). © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 39(8), 575–589, 2010; Published online 26 July 2010 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20317
Estimating bisphosphonate use and fracture reduction among US women aged 45 years and older, 2001–2008
Authors: Siris Ethel S , Pasquale Margaret K , Wang Yiting , Watts Nelson B 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Oral bisphosphonates are first-line therapy for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Although bisphosphonate treatment has been shown to reduce fractures in randomized, controlled trials, the number of women treated and fractures prevented over the years have not been determined. This study estimated the numbers of women treated and fractures reduced with oral bisphosphonates in the United States from 2001 through 2008. Two medical claims databases for 2001–2008 were combined to determine numbers of women aged 45 years and older filling prescriptions for bisphosphonates by time-dependent medication possession ratios (MPRs): &lt;50%, 50% to 79%, and ≥80%. Fracture incidence was compared for each cohort by MPR category relative to the referent cohort with &lt;50% MPR. Fracture rates were extrapolated to the US female population treated with oral bisphosphonates by MPR category over this 8-year period. From 2001 through 2008, 460,584 women in the databases initiated treatment with oral bisphosphonates, with an average follow-up time of 2.4 years. Overall fracture rates declined with improved MPR from 1.52% for the lowest MPR category to 1.18% for the highest MPR category for ages 45 to 64 years and from 5.12% to 3.75% for those aged 65 years or older. Extrapolating to the US population of female bisphosphonate users, we estimate over 27.9 million person-years of bisphosphonate treatment with MPR 50% or greater and 144,670 fractures prevented. Treatment with oral bisphosphonates has prevented a substantial number of fractures. Even more fractures would have been prevented if recognition, treatment, and compliance were improved. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
A method to calculate the one‐electron reduction potentials for nitroaromatic compounds based on gas‐phase quantum mechanics
Authors: Phillips Kathy L. , Sandler Stanley I. , Chiu Pei C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNitroaromatic compounds (NACs) are widespread environmental contaminants, and the one‐electron reduction potential (E) is an important parameter used in modeling their environmental fate. We have identified a method that is both accurate and efficient to predict E values for NACs, using gas‐phase quantum mechanics (QM) calculations combined with empirical correlations. First, the adiabatic electron affinity (EA) at 0 K is calculated using the B98/MG3S method, and the predictions are scaled by a factor of 0.802 to account for systematic errors in the density functional calculations. Second, the E values are predicted from a linear correlation between E and EA. Using this method, E values were predicted with a mean absolute deviation from measured values of 0.021 V for the 14 NACs used to obtain the correlation and 0.029 V for six additional NACs. This represents a substantial improvement in accuracy over predictions by other QM methods, which are affected by large errors in solvation or aqueous‐phase calculations for some compounds. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2010.