bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding physicians' attitudes toward people with Down syndrome
Authors: Pace Jill E. , Shin Mikyong , Rasmussen Sonja A. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractUnderstanding attitudes of physicians toward people with Down syndrome is important because of the influence physicians have on the future of individuals with Down syndrome. However, few previous studies have assessed these attitudes. Using data from the 2008 DocStyles© survey, an annual online survey conducted in the United States, we assessed attitudes of physicians toward people with Down syndrome using a survey that included questions about opinions toward inclusive educational settings and workplaces, previous relationships with people with Down syndrome, and comfort in providing them with medical care. Approximately 20% of participants agreed that students with Down syndrome should go to special schools, and nearly a quarter agreed that including students with Down syndrome in regular classrooms is distracting. While 76.0% of respondents felt comfortable providing medical care to people with Down syndrome, 9.8% reported feeling uncomfortable, and 14.3% reported feeling neutral. Results showed that attitudes that supported inclusion and comfort with providing medical care were more commonly reported among non‐Hispanic white physicians, those who had previous relationships with people with Down syndrome, pediatricians, and physicians working in a group or hospital setting. These data are helpful to guide the development of training materials and curricula for healthcare providers regarding Down syndrome. Published 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Das hydratisierte Elektron – eine scheinbar vertraute transiente Spezies in chemischen und biologischen Systemen
Authors: Siefermann Katrin R. , Abel Bernd 
Published: May 2011

AbstractSeit der Entdeckung des solvatisierten Elektrons in Wasser im Jahre 1962 war es Gegenstand intensiver Forschung, aber auch zahlreicher Spekulationen. Über mehrere Jahrzehnte blieben grundlegende Eigenschaften dieser vermeintlich einfachen, transienten Spezies – wie ihre Struktur, Bindungsmotive, Lebensdauern und Bindungsenergien – unzugänglich. Erst kürzlich wurde mit der Bestimmung der vertikalen Bindungsenergie (VBE) des hydratisierten Elektrons ein weiterer Grundstein gelegt, der zum besseren Verständnis dieser chemisch und biologisch relevanten Spezies essentiell ist. Darüber hinaus wurde ein langlebiges hydratisiertes Elektron an der Oberfläche von flüssigem Wasser entdeckt. In diesem Kurzaufsatz werden die Konsequenzen dieser und weiterer neuer Forschungsergebnisse hinsichtlich der Struktur und Reaktivität hydratisierter Elektronen diskutiert.
A sensitive and regenerable biosensor for organophosphate pesticide based on self‐assembled multilayer film with CdTe as fluorescence probe
Authors: Sun Xiangying , Liu Bin , Xia Kaihao 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTA fluorescence biosensor for organophosphorus pesticides was developed. A pH indicator, CdTe quantum dots, were used as an optical transducer of the inhibition of enzyme by analyte. Through the intervening agency of chitosan, the recognition elements (acetylcholinesterase and CdTe) were immobilized onto the surface of quartz by electrostatic attraction to form a self‐assembled multilayer film. In the absence of pesticide, acetylcholine was biocatalytically hydrolysed to yield acetic acid and choline. The released acid resulted in pH decrease, which was sensed by the immobilized pH indicator (CdTe). In the presence of pesticide, the action of acetylcholine was reduced; the fluorescence intensity of the film changed and was related to the concentration of pesticide. This multilayer film could be used as the biosensor for monocrotophos, with a detection limit of 3.20 × 10−8 mol/L; the sensitivity was 100 times higher than that of CdTe in aqueous solution. The sensor was easily regenerated, and had good stability and selectivity for organophosphorus pesticides. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fluorescence emission mechanism and fluorescence properties of ternary Tb(III) complex with diphenyl sulphoxide and bipyridine
Authors: Li Wen‐Xian , Zheng Yu‐Shan , Chai Wen‐Juan , Ren Tie , Liu Yu , Li Ying‐Jie , Sun Xiao‐Jun , Xing Gao‐Wa 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTA novel ternary complex, TbL5L′(ClO4)3·3H2O, two binary complexes, TbL7(ClO4)3·3H2O and TbL′3.5(ClO4)3·4H2O has been synthesized (using diphenyl sulphoxide as the first ligand L, bipyridine as the second ligand L′). Their composition was analysed by element analysis, coordination titration, IR spectra and 1H‐NMR, and the fluorescence emission mechanism, fluorescence intensities and phosphorescence spectra were also investigated by comparison. It was shown that the ternary rare‐earth complex showed stronger fluorescence intensities than the binary rare‐earth complexes in such material. The strongest characteristic fluorescence emission intensity of the ternary system was 8.23 times, 3.58 times as strong as that of the binary systems TbL7(ClO4)3·3H2O and TbL′3.5 (ClO4)3·4H2O, respectively. By fluorescence analysis it was found that both diphenyl sulphoxide and bipyridine could sensitize the fluorescence intensities of rare‐earth ions. In particular, in the ternary rare‐earth complex, introduction of bipyridine was of benefit to the fluorescence properties of Tb(III). Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa amidase: Aggregation in recombinant Escherichia coli
Authors: Borges Patrícia , Pacheco Rita , Karmali Amin 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe effect of cultivation parameters such as temperature incubation, IPTG induction and ethanol shock on the production of Pseudomonas aeruginosa amidase (E.C.3.5.1.4) in a recombinant Escherichia coli strain in LB ampicillin culture medium was investigated. The highest yield of soluble amidase, relatively to other proteins, was obtained in the condition at 37°C using 0.40 mM IPTG to induce growth, with ethanol. Our results demonstrate the formation of insoluble aggregates containing amidase, which was biologically active, in all the tested growth conditions. Addition of ethanol at 25°C in the culture medium improved amidase yield, which quantitatively aggregated in a biological active form and exhibited in all conditions an increased specific activity relatively to the soluble form of the enzyme. Non‐denaturing solubilization of the aggregated amidase was successfully achieved using L‐arginine. The aggregates obtained from conditions at 37°C by FTIR analysis demonstrated a lower content of intermolecular interactions which facilitated the solubilization step applying non‐denaturing conditions. The higher interactions exhibited in aggregates obtained at suboptimal conditions compromised the solubilization yield. This work provides an approach for the characterization and solubilization of novel reported biologically active aggregates of this amidase.
The imprint of codons on protein structure
Authors: Deane Charlotte M. , Saunders Rhodri 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe “central dogma” of biology outlines the unidirectional flow of interpretable data from genetic sequence to protein sequence. This has led to the idea that a protein's structure is dependent only on its amino acid sequence and not its genetic sequence. Recently, however, a more than transient link between the coding genetic sequence and the protein structure has become apparent. The two interact at the ribosome via the process of co‐translational protein folding. Evidence for co‐translational folding is growing rapidly, but the influence of codons on the protein structure attained is still highly contentious. It is theorised that the speed of codon translation modulates the time available for protein folding and hence the protein structure. Here, past and present research regarding synonymous codons and codon translation speed are reviewed within the context of protein structure attainment.
Coupling between codon usage, translation and protein export in Escherichia coli
Authors: Zalucki Yaramah M. , Beacham Ifor R. , Jennings Michael P. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractProteins destined for export via the Sec‐dependent pathway are synthesized with a short N‐terminal signal peptide. A requirement for export is that the proteins are in a translocationally competent state. This is a loosely folded state that allows the protein to pass through the SecYEG apparatus and pass into the periplasm. In order to maintain pre‐secretory proteins in an export‐competent state, there are many factors that slow the folding of the pre‐secretory protein in the cytoplasm. These include cytoplasmic chaperones, such as SecB, and the signal recognition particle, which bind the pre‐secretory protein and direct it to the cytoplasmic membrane for export. Recently, evidence has been published that non‐optimal codons in the signal sequence are important for a time‐critical early event to allow the correct folding of pre‐secretory proteins. This review details the recent developments in folding of the signal peptide and the pre‐secretory protein.
First BRET‐based screening assay performed in budding yeast leads to the discovery of CDK5/p25 interaction inhibitors
Authors: Corbel Caroline , Wang Qian , Bousserouel Hadjira , Hamdi Amel , Zhang Bing , Lozach Olivier , Ferandin Yoan , Tan Vincent B. C. , Guéritte Françoise , Colas Pierre , Couturier Cyril , Bach Stéphane 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe protein kinase CDK5 (cyclin‐dependent kinase 5) is activated through its association with a cyclin‐like protein p35 or p39. In pathological conditions (such as Alzheimer's disease and various other neuropathies), truncation of p35 leads to the appearance of the p25 protein. The interaction of p25 with CDK5 up‐regulates the kinase activity and modifies the substrate specificity. ATP‐mimetic inhibitors of CDK5 have already been developed. However, the lack of selectivity of such inhibitors is often a matter of concern. An alternative approach can be used to identify highly specific inhibitors that disrupt protein interactions involving protein kinases. We have developed a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET)‐based screening assay in yeast to discover protein–protein interaction inhibitors (P2I2). Here, we present the first use of BRET in yeast for the screening of small molecule libraries. This screening campaign led to the discovery of one molecule that prevents the interaction between CDK5 and p25, thus inhibiting the protein kinase activity. This molecule may give rise to high‐specificity drug candidates.Accompanying article Zhang et al.
Archaeal‐Bacterial Chimeric RNase P RNAs: Towards Understanding RNA's Architecture, Function and Evolution
Authors: Li Dan , Gößringer Markus , Hartmann Roland K. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe higher protein content of archaeal RNase P (1 RNA+4 proteins) compared to the bacterial homologue (1 RNA+1 protein) correlates with a large loss of RNA‐alone activity (i.e., in the absence of protein cofactors). Here we show, for the first time, that a catalytic (C) domain of an archaeal RNase P RNA (P RNA) can functionally replace the Escherichia coli C domain in a chimeric P RNA, to provide the essential RNase P function in E. coli cells. This adaptation was achieved by 1) three minor alterations in the archaeal C domain, 2) restoration of the L9–P1 interdomain contact that is found in bacterial and archaeal type A RNAs, and 3) installation of another interdomain contact (L18–P8) that is present in bacterial but absent in archaeal P RNAs. We conclude 1) that the C domains of bacterial and archaeal P RNAs of type A have been largely conserved since the evolutionary separation of bacteria and archaea, and 2) that the L18–P8 RNA–RNA contact has been replaced with protein–protein contacts in archaeal RNase P. Function of the chimeric P RNA in E. coli required overexpression of the E. coli RNase P protein to increase the RNA's reduced cellular levels; this was attributed to enhanced degradation of the chimeric P RNA.
Prognostic value of cardiac troponin‐I or troponin‐T elevation following nonemergent percutaneous coronary intervention: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Feldman Dmitriy N. , Kim Luke , Rene A. Garvey , Minutello Robert M. , Bergman Geoffrey , Wong S. Chiu 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectives:The aim of this meta‐analysis was to assess the prevalence and prognostic value regarding mortality of cTnT or cTnI elevations after nonemergent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in a large number of cohort/registry studies.Background:Routine cardiac troponin measurement after elective PCI has been controversial among interventionalists. Recent studies have provided conflicting data in regard to predictive value of cardiac troponin‐T (cTnT) and troponin‐I (cTnI) elevation after non‐emergent PCI.Methods:Electronic and manual searches were conducted of all published studies reporting on the prognostic impact of cTnT or cTnI elevation after elective PCI. A meta‐analysis was performed with all‐cause mortality at follow‐up as the primary endpoint.Results:We identified 22 studies, involving 22,353 patients, published between 1998 and 2009. Postprocedural cTnT and cTnI were elevated in 25.9% and 34.3% of patients, respectively. Follow‐up period ranged from 3 to 67 months (mean: 17.7 ± 14.9 months). The results showed no heterogeneity among the trials (Q‐test: 25.39; I2: 17%; P = 0.23). No publication bias was detected (Egger's test: P = 0.16). The long‐term all‐cause mortality in patients with cTnI or cTnT elevation after PCI (5.8%) was significantly higher when compared to patients without cTnI or cTnT elevation (4.4%); OR 1.45 (95% CI: 1.22–1.72), P < 0.01. In addition, the postprocedural composite adverse clinical events of all‐cause mortality or myocardial infarction (MI) in patients with cTnI or cTnT elevation after PCI (9.2%) was significantly higher when compared to patients without cTnI or cTnT elevation (5.3%); OR 1.77 (95% CI: 1.48–2.11), P < 0.01.Conclusions:The current meta‐analysis indicates that cTnI or cTnT elevation after nonemergent PCI is indicative of an increase in long‐term all‐cause mortality as well as the composite adverse events of all‐cause mortality and MI. Efforts to routinely monitor periprocedural cTn levels along with more intensive outpatient monitoring/treatment of patients with cTn elevations may help to improve the long‐term adverse outcomes in these patients following non‐emergent PCI. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nano beam diffraction and precession in an energy filtered CS corrected transmission electron microscope
Authors: Benner G. , Niebel H. , Pavia G. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractNano beam diffraction is a prerequisite to collecting structural information from particles as small as 1 nm in diameter. We describe here a novel ray path, where the limiting illumination aperture is arranged higher up in the illumination system of a transmission electron microscope (TEM) so that it can be demagnified further. This results in a high flexibility concerning the illuminating field and electron beam convergence angle without any need for readjustments of pivot points and refocusing of the diffraction lens. We show that artifact‐free diffraction patterns can be obtained with diffraction fields down to 20 nm in diameter under genuine parallel illumination conditions. The limitations of the nano beam diffraction mode by physical diffraction effects are discussed. Either the illumination field or the diffraction spots or both may show diffraction fringes as a result of these effects. Zero energy loss filtering of (precession) electron diffraction spot patterns increases their contrast and makes weak diffraction spots visible. A method to acquire (energy filtered precession) electron diffraction spot pattern in a spherical aberration (CS) corrected TEM has been developed and first results are presented. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ag and Au nanoparticles for SERS substrates produced by pulsed laser ablation
Authors: Agarwal N. R. , Fazio E. , Neri F. , Trusso S. , Castiglioni C. , Lucotti A. , Santo N. , Ossi P. M. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA method for the growth of films consisting of Nanoparticles (NP) of Ag and Au is presented. Nanostructured films were obtained by means of nanosecond pulsed laser ablation of a metallic target in presence of a controlled Ar atmosphere. The morphology of these films from island structures to isolated nanoparticles, measured by SEM, depends on the varying gas pressure (10‐100 Pa) and on the number of laser pulses (500‐30000), keeping other deposition parameters such as the target to substrate distance, incidence angle, laser wavelength, laser fluence constant. Fast imaging of the plasma, performed using a intensified and gateable CCD camera at different time delays with respect to the arrival of the laser pulse, allows revelation of the propagation regime of the ablation plume and inference of plasma initial velocity. This data along with the measured average ablated mass per pulse were taken as inputs to a model to estimate the average size of NPs grown in the expanding plume. The theoretical NP sizes were compared with sizes measured from TEM images. These images indicate narrow gradients of NP sizes. Hence strict control of growth parameters aids fine tuning of NP size that is essential for many applications, including Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) active substrates. UV‐Visible Spectroscopy helped in determination of appropriate laser wavelength for resonant excitation of the localized surface plasmon. SERS Spectra obtained with increasingly lower concentrations of reference dye Rhodamin 6G (Rh6G) and medical drug Apomorphine, are discussed as a perspective of application to biomedical sensors. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Morphology of gypsum: a case study
Authors: Rubbo M. , Massaro F. R. , Aquilano D. , Vanzetti W. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn this paper we present an approach to the determination of the equilibrium and growth morphologies of the gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O). This is based on the generation of crystal surface using different methods in such a way to span a great number of initially unrelaxed surface configurations. The resulting equilibrium and growth morphologies are compared with the morphology of minerals from Naica, whose genetic conditions are fairly well known. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Spectroscopic study of β‐SiC prepared via PLD at 1064 nm
Authors: Monaco G. , Garoli D. , Natali M. , Romanato F. , Nicolosi P. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe physical properties of the wide band‐gap β‐SiC make it a promising material for future applications in high‐power, high‐temperature and high‐frequency devices. Up to now, SiC has been successfully employed in field effect transistors, bipolar storage capacitors and ultraviolet detectors. In this work, we present new attempts to prepare crystalline β‐SiC at 650 °C by means of Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD). X‐Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) have been used to determine the crystalline and morphological properties of the deposited β‐SiC thin films grown on different substrates: sapphire and silicon. The optical constants in the visible range and the band gap energy have been determined by Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (SE) which is a powerful non‐destructive technique for high accuracy measurements. SiC thin films deposited on sapphire give rise to hetero‐epitaxial growth resulting in an organized structure while the sample deposited on silicon grows polycrystalline. The correlation between the band‐gap energy and the crystalline phases and growth conditions will be discussed. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Influence of precursor concentration on structural, morphological and electrical properties of spray deposited ZnO thin films
Authors: Sivalingam D. , Gopalakrishnan J. B. , Balaguru Rayappan J. B. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractNanostructured ZnO thin films were coated on glass substrate by spray pyrolysis using Zinc acetate dihydrate as precursor. Effect of precursor concentration on structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties of the films was investigated. The crystal structure and orientation of the ZnO thin films prepared with four different precursor solution concentrations were studied and it was observed that, the prepared films are polycrystalline in nature with hexagonal wurzite structure. The peaks are indexed to (100), (002), (101), (102) and (110) planes. Grain size and texture coefficient (TC) were calculated and the grain size found to increase with an increase in precursor concentration. Presence of Zn and O elements was confirmed with EDAX spectra. Optical absorption measurements were carried out in the wavelength region of 380 to 800 nm and the band gap decreases as precursor concentration increases. The current‐voltage characteristics were observed at room temperature and in dark. It was found that for the films deposited at four different precursor concentrations, the conductivity improves as precursor concentration increases. As trimethyl amine TMA is a good marker for food quality discrimination, sensing behavior of the films at an optimized operating temperature of 373 K, towards various concentrations of (TMA) was observed and reported. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis of vertically‐aligned GaAs nanowires on GaAs/(111)Si hetero‐substrates by metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy
Authors: Miccoli I. , Prete P. , Marzo F. , Cannoletta D. , Lovergine N. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe report on the Au‐catalysed synthesis of GaAs nanowires on hetero‐structured GaAs/(111)Si substrates by metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy. It is demonstrated that the deposition of a 40‐50 nm thin GaAs epilayer onto Si guarantees a high percentage of straight and vertically‐aligned GaAs nanowires. GaAs epilayers were grown at 400 °C and subsequently annealed at 700 °C. Growth experiments performed on 4°‐miscut and exactly‐oriented (111)Si substrates show that a higher yield (close to 90%) of vertical nanowires is obtained using miscut substrates, an effect ascribed to the smoother surface morphology of GaAs epilayers on these substrates. Comparison between the cross‐sectional shape of nanowires grown on GaAs/(111)Si hetero‐substrates and those on (111)A‐GaAs and (111)B‐GaAs substrates demonstrates that both GaAs epilayers and over‐grown nanowires are (111)B‐oriented. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The effect of ZnO buffer layer on structural and optical properties of ZnO nanorods
Authors: Lang Jihui , Li Xue , Yang Jinghai , Han Qiang , Yan Yongsheng , Gao Ming , Wang Dan , Yang Lili , Liu Xiaoyan , Wang Rui , Yang Suyang 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA low‐temperature synthetic route was used to prepare oriented arrays of ZnO nanorods on ITO conducting glass substrate coated with buffer layer of ZnO seeds in an aqueous solution. The corresponding growth behavior and optical properties of ZnO nanorod arrays were studied. It was found that the nature of the buffer layer had effect on the microstructures and optical properties of the resultant ZnO nanorod arrays. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) results showed the nanorods were preferentially grown along (002) direction, but the diameter of the nanorods prepared with the buffer layer was much smaller than the without one, which can be clearly seen from the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results. And it also found that the buffer layer was not only enhanced the density of overall coverage but also beneficial to grown the oriented arrays. Photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) results indicated that the all the samples had the better optical behaviors. By computation, the relative PL intensity ratio of ultraviolet emission (IUV) to deep level emission (IDLE) of ZnO nanorods grown with the pure substrate was much higher than that of the sample with the buffer layer. The defects on the surface increased with the size reduction of nanorods caused by the buffer layer may be the main reason for it. And the small shift in the UV emission was caused by the rapid reduction in crystal size and compressive stress from Raman spectra results. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)