bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virtual gonio-spectrophotometer for validation of BRDF designs
Authors: Mihálik Andrej , Ďurikovič Roman 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Measurement of the appearance of an object consists of a group of measurements to characterize the color and surface finish of the object. This group of measurements involves the spectral energy distribution of propagated light measured in terms of reflectance and transmittance, and the spatial energy distribution of that light measured in terms of the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF). In this article we present the virtual gonio-spectrophotometer, a device that measures flux (power) as a function of illumination and observation. Virtual gonio-spectrophotometer measurements allow the determination of the scattering profile of specimens that can be used to verify the physical characteristics of the computer model used to simulate the scattering profile. Among the characteristics that we verify is the energy conservation of the computer model. A virtual gonio-spectrophotometer is utilized to find the correspondence between industrial measurements obtained from gloss meters and the parameters of a computer reflectance model.
A simple model for calculating the compressibility of the transition-metal carbides and nitrides alloys ZrxNb1−xC and ZrxNb1−xN
Authors: Katsika-Tsigourakou Vassiliki 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
The 4d-transition-metals carbides (ZrC, NbC) and nitrides (ZrN, NbN) in the rocksalt structure, as well as their ternary alloys, have been recently studied by means of a first-principles full potential linearized augmented plane waves method within the local density approximation. These materials are important because of their interesting mechanical and physical properties, which make them suitable for many technological applications. Here, by using a simple theoretical model, we estimate the bulk moduli of their ternary alloys ZrxNb1−xC and ZrxNb1−xN in terms of the bulk moduli of the end members alone. The results are comparable to those deduced from the first-principles calculations.
Inmates’ physical activity as part of the health ecology
Authors: Vaiciulis Vidmantas , Kavaliauskas Saulius , Radisauskas Ricardas 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
To evaluate the possibilities of physical activity in developing inmates’ healthy lifestyle and social skills. The research, which was conducted in 2009 in Pravieniskes First and Second Correction Houses, was local and cross-sectional using a written questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of four groups of questions/statements: I — demographic questions; II — questions/statements about inmates’ physical (sports) activities (was created for this study) and III — assessment of inmates’ social skills. And IV — assessment of inmates’ self esteem. Sufficiently physically active inmates (n=185) comprised 57.8 percent of the total number of respondents. Inmates’ physical activity statistically significantly (p<0.05) correlates with their younger age. Secondary education is prevailing in the group of physically active inmates, while primary — lower secondary education predominates in the group of physically inactive inmates (n=135). Only less than 6 percent of inmates have higher education. The average age of physically active inmates is statistically significantly lower than that of physically inactive inmates, 26 and 31.6 years respectively (p=0.01). The analysis of inmates’ contentment with their psychological state and satisfaction with health care services, food quality, and conditions for sports activities showed that physically active inmates are more critical about these factors than physically inactive inmates. Only the contentment with psychological state in physically active inmates is statistically significantly higher than in inactive inmates. Out of eleven social skills assessed in the study, only two skills (ability to initiate conversation with a stranger and sense of responsibility) are statistically significant (p<0.05). The probability that the convicts who have a strong sense of responsibility tend to be more physically active than the inmates who do not consider themselves responsible is 7.4 times higher. The study results showed that self-esteem in physically active inmates is statistically significantly higher that in physically inactive inmates (p=0.033). Low self-esteem was not determined in any inmates.
Combined hormone contraceptive choice experience in Czech Republic
Authors: Fait Tomas 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
The aim of the prospective, multicenter project was to evaluate the effect of standardized information on the decision of woman when selecting application routes for combined hormonal contraceptives (CC). Selection the route of CC’s administration before and after consultation with the physician was evaluated on the group of 1326 women in 125 centres in the Czech Republic using a questionnaire. Analysis of the difference between the intended (4,1%) and selected (33,9%, CI 95% 31%–38%, 451 women) contraception shows that the vaginal ring preference increased by 29,8% (CI 97,5% 26,9%–32,8%, p < 0,0001). The difference for the weekly patch after (5,7%) and prior (4,2%) to the counseling of 1,4% was borderline statistically significant (CI 97,5%–0,002%–3,0%, p = 0,05). Preference of COC remained practically unchanged at 53,5%. Vaginal ring was selected by 45,2% of undecided women and 28,0% of women, who considered other than combined hormonal contraception. Easibility of application, efficacy and cycle control are the most important predictors for contraception choice. Following expert advice, including information on all forms of combined oral contraceptives, more than 33% of women chose the latest application form of combined hormonal contraceptives - vaginal ring.
Investigating gene expression profile of non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Vooder Tõnu , Metspalu Andres 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Lung cancer is mainly a lifestyle-associated disease with poor prognosis and the lowest five year survival rate of all types of cancer. Lung cancers are divided into two main groups: small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Surgical treatment is generally indicated in cases of early stage NSCLC, and those patients treated with radical and aggressive surgery have a somewhat better survival rate. The main problems with lung cancer treatment are due to late diagnosis, rapidly developing drug resistance and side effects of the treatment that are experienced by almost all patients. The next step for distinguishing histologically complicated lung cancers and determining optimal treatment strategies is gene expression analysis. Supported by gene expression data, it is possible to prognosticate the course of the disease.
Activities of brain antioxidant enzymes, lipid and protein peroxidation
Authors: Łukaszewicz-Hussain Anna 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Organophosphate pesticides are known to induce oxidative stress and cause oxidative tissue damage, as has been reported in studies concerning acute and chronic intoxication with these compounds.
Our objective was to investigate the activities of brain antioxidant enzymes and malonyldialdehyde, as well as the level of carbonyl groups, in rats sub-chronically intoxicated with chlorpyrifos at doses of 0.2, 2 and 5 mg per kg of body weight per day. It was found that chlorpyrifos induces change in brain antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidise, but to a different degree in comparison to proper control values; however, the elevated antioxidant enzymes activities failed to check lipid and protein peroxidation in the brains of rats. Thus, in sub-chronic intoxication with chlorpyrifos, as evidenced by increased level of malonyldialdehyde and carbonyl groups, oxidative stress is induced.
Measurements of protein carbonyl groups appeared to give more consistent responses in the rats’ brains when compared to the malonyldialdehyde level after sub-chronic chlorpyrifos treatment.
Inadvertent epidural infusion of paracetamol in an elderly patient
Authors: Dehne Marius 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
A 76 year old patient underwent a laparoscopic rectal resection performed under thoracic epidural anaesthesia and general anaesthesia. He was inadvertently given 1 g of paracetamol epidural and reported a position-independent holocephalic headache one day later. A severe nausea and vomiting lead to a gastrointestinal bleeding. The last neurological examination after 3 months revealed no nausea, no headaches and no sensory disturbances.
Diaforodiagnostic dilemma of a breast tumor in a patient with known history of chest sarcoidosis: a diagnostic approach
Authors: Stavrogianni Thomai , Psoma Elisavet , Nikolaidou Olga , Xinou Ekaterini , Xirou Persefoni , Koumpanaki Melanie , Karoglou Eleni , Panagiotopoulou Dimitra 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Breast sarcoidosis is extremely rare, substantially less frequent than other extrapulmonary manifestations of sarcoidosis. It can mimic a benign or malignant tumor of the breast. We describe the case of a patient with a history of pulmonary sarcoidosis referred to our hospital for a screening mammography. Mammographic findings raised the suspicion for a breast mass. An additional breast ultrasound and fine -needle aspiration biopsy were performed. Finally, patient underwent a excisional biopsy of the left breast and the histopathological report revealed sarcoidosis.
A Study of Psychiatric Consequences following Road Traffic Accidents
Authors: Rawal N , Thapa P , Bista Y 
Published: July 2011

Objectives: Psychiatric consequences are very common following RTA. The study is sought to identify the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity (e.g. depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and symptoms related to PTSD(Post Traumatic Stress Disorder) following injury sustained after road traffic accidents and to evaluate the relationshop between severity of injuries of victims and psychiatric symptoms. Methods: The 102 (male=83,female=19) patients were interviewed using a questionnaire to collect the socio- demographic data, the Self Rating Questionnaire (SRQ) -Beck Depression Inventory(BDI),Beck Anxiety Inventory(BAI) and the Impact of Event Scale -Revised (IES-R). Patients were prospectively followed up for 1 month. Patients were aged between 20-69 years. The impact of injury was assessed by ISS (Injury Severity Scale) and ABI (Abbreviated injury Scale). Results:The mean age was 33.93 years (range 20-69). Overall, the prevalence rate o of Anxiety symptoms-19.6%, depressive symptoms-21.6% and PTSD symptoms-35.3%. Females had a higher rate of PTSD symptoms 52.6% (n = 10), compared to the males 31.3% (n=26). The majority of those with PTSD (47.2%) were young, 20 - 29 years. The samples showed maximum symptoms of PTSD in first week 93.1% followed by depressive symptoms 51% and then anxiety symptoms30.4%. The symptoms gradually reduced in the fourth week to PTSD - 35.3%, depression- 21.6% and anxiety-19.6%. The study also showed higher scales of psychiatric symptoms in major injuries in comparison to minor injuries showing direct correlation of psychiatric morbidity with severity of injury. Conclusion: Psychiatric symptoms are frequent and severe after major injuries and less severe after minor RTA. Psychopathology following injury is a frequent and persistent occurrence. Early information and advice might reduce psychological distress and symptoms. Early information and advice might reduce psychological distress and symptoms. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v9i2.5017 Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital Vol.9(2) 2010: 1-7
Blocs architecturaux de tradition hellénistique de l'oppidum des Caisses de Jean-Jean (Mouriès, Bouches-du-Rhône)
Authors: Marcadal Yves , Paillet Jean-Louis 
Published: July 2011

Résumé Le site archéologique des Caisses de Jean-Jean se trouve sur la bordure méridionale des Alpilles. L’oppidum et la zone archéologique qui l’accompagne en contrebas ont connu plusieurs périodes d’occupation successives durant leur longue histoire (du vii e s. av. J.-C. à la fin du iii e s. apr. J.-C.). Les fouilles de Fernand Benoit durant les années 1930 et celles en cours depuis 1980 ont notamment livré quantité de fragments d’éléments architecturaux de tradition hellénistique (seuil à feuillure étroite et mortaises latérales, dalles sciées de toiture d’ opus pavonaceum , larmiers, chapiteau de pilier toscan, etc.). Taillés dans un calcaire tendre étranger au site, ces éléments d’architecture sont remployés dans des murs dont les blocs de calcaire dur, grossièrement appareillés et liés par de la terre argileuse, appartenaient à plusieurs constructions de la seconde moitié du i er s. av. J.-C. L’étude de ces blocs permet de conclure à l’existence sur le site, à la fin du ii e ou au début du i er s. av. J.-C., d’un petit centre monumental construit avec des techniques identiques à celles mises en œuvre dans le site voisin de Glanum sur le versant nord des Alpilles.
Chronique d'architecture grecque (2009-2010)
Authors: Hellmann Marie-Christine 
Published: July 2011

Résumé Sur les quatre monographies analysées ici, deux sont une nouvelle étude des ruines d’un temple prestigieux, déjà publié avant la Seconde Guerre mondiale : le temple d’Apollon à Delphes, dans sa phase du iv e s. av. J.-C., et le diptère d’Héra à Samos, dans sa deuxième phase commencée au vi e s. Ces deux publications se présentent d’une manière différente, mais ont pour point commun une extrême attention portée aux détails techniques, servie par une belle et riche illustration. Elles sont destinées à des spécialistes, alors que le troisième ouvrage, également très bien illustré, veut expliquer les techniques constructives des Grecs et des Romains à un public élargi. La quatrième monographie vise à nouveau un lectorat averti : elle traite de la technologie de la construction dans une perspective comparatiste, celle de toute l’architecture antique du bassin méditerranéen, à toutes les époques, mais avec une illustration de qualité inférieure.
Ancrages et usages sociaux des schèmes d'appréhension d'un problème public
Authors: Comby Jean-Baptiste 
Published: July 2011

Résumé Les entretiens collectifs incitent à conjuguer des analyses comparatives avec des approches interactionnelles. Ce faisant, ils donnent à voir de quelles façons les schèmes, qui sont aussi des dispositions sociales d’ordre cognitif et interprétatif, s’actualisent en fonction des sociabilités. Les données indiquent que si le type de schèmes mobilisés est avant tout tributaire des trajectoires sociales et varie donc peu quand le contexte change, les modes de mobilisation des schèmes présentent en revanche une plus forte sensibilité au « cadre de participation » (Goffman, 1973).
IDO Induces Expression of a Novel Tryptophan Transporter in Mouse and Human Tumor Cells
Authors: Silk Jonathan D. , Lakhal Samira , Laynes Robert , Vallius Laura , Karydis Ioannis , Marcea Cornelius , Boyd C. A. Richard , Cerundolo Vincenzo 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
IDO is the rate-limiting enzyme in the kynurenine pathway, catabolizing tryptophan to kynurenine. Tryptophan depletion by IDO-expressing tumors is a common mechanism of immune evasion inducing regulatory T cells and inhibiting effector T cells. Because mammalian cells cannot synthesize tryptophan, it remains unclear how IDO+ tumor cells overcome the detrimental effects of local tryptophan depletion. We demonstrate that IDO+ tumor cells express a novel amino acid transporter, which accounts for ∼50% of the tryptophan uptake. The induced transporter is biochemically distinguished from the constitutively expressed tryptophan transporter System L by increased resistance to inhibitors of System L, resistance to inhibition by high concentrations of most amino acids tested, and high substrate specificity for tryptophan. Under conditions of low extracellular tryptophan, expression of this novel transporter significantly increases tryptophan entry into IDO+ tumors relative to tryptophan uptake through the low-affinity System L alone, and further decreases tryptophan levels in the microenvironment. Targeting this additional tryptophan transporter could be a way of pharmacological inhibition of IDO-mediated tumor escape. These findings highlight the ability of IDO-expressing tumor cells to thrive in a tryptophan-depleted microenvironment by expressing a novel, highly tryptophan-specific transporter, which is resistant to inhibition by most other amino acids. The additional transporter allows tumor cells to strike the ideal balance between supply of tryptophan essential for their own proliferation and survival, and depleting the extracellular milieu of tryptophan to inhibit T cell proliferation.
Processing of Human Protryptase in Mast Cells Involves Cathepsins L, B, and C
Authors: Le Quang T. , Gomez Gregorio , Zhao Wei , Hu Jiang , Xia Han-Zhang , Fukuoka Yoshihiro , Katunuma Nobuhiko , Schwartz Lawrence B. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Human β-tryptase is stored in secretory granules of human mast cells as a heparin-stabilized tetramer. β-Protryptase in solution can be directly processed to the mature enzyme by cathepsin (CTS) L and CTSB, and sequentially processed by autocatalysis at R−3, followed by CTSC proteolysis. However, it is uncertain which CTS is involved in protryptase processing inside human mast cells, because murine bone marrow-derived mast cells from CTSC-deficient mice convert protryptase (pro–mouse mast cell protease-6) to mature mouse mast cell protease-6. This finding suggests that other proteases are important for processing human β-protryptase. In the current study, reduction of either CTSB or CTSL activity inside HMC-1 cells by short hairpin RNA silencing or CTS-specific pharmacologic inhibitors substantially reduced mature β-tryptase formation. Similar reductions of tryptase levels in primary skin-derived mast cells were observed with these pharmacologic inhibitors. In contrast, protryptase processing was minimally reduced by short hairpin RNA silencing of CTSC. A putative pharmacologic inhibitor of CTSC markedly reduced tryptase levels, suggesting an off-target effect. Skin mast cells contain substantially greater amounts of CTSL and CTSB than do HMC-1 cells, the opposite being found for CTSC. Both CTSL and CTSB colocalize to the secretory granule compartment of skin mast cells. Thus, CTSL and CTSB are central to the processing of protryptase(s) in human mast cells and are potential targets for attenuating production of mature tryptase in vivo.
Inhibition of MicroRNA let-7i Depresses Maturation and Functional State of Dendritic Cells in Response to Lipopolysaccharide Stimulation via Targeting Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1
Authors: Zhang Maomao , Liu Fang , Jia Haibo , Zhang Qi , Yin Li , Liu Wei , Li Hulun , Yu Bo , Wu Jian 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) can initiate immune responses or confer immune tolerance depending on functional status. LPS-induced DC maturation is defined by enhanced surface expression of CD80 and CD86. MicroRNAs are critical for the regulation of DC function and immunity, and the microRNA let-7i was upregulated during LPS-induced DC maturation. Downregulation of let-7i significantly impeded DC maturation as evidenced by reduced CD80 and CD86 expression. DCs stimulated by LPS promoted T cell proliferation in coculture, whereas LPS-stimulated DCs with downregulated let-7i were not effective at stimulating T cell proliferation but promoted expansion of the regulatory T cell (Treg) population. There were two subpopulations of LPS-stimulated DCs with downregulated let-7i, CD86− and CD86+, and it was the CD86− DCs that were more effective in inducing T cell hyporesponsiveness and enhancing Treg numbers, indicating that this DC population had tolerogenic properties. Furthermore, Tregs with upregulated IL-10 underscored the tolerogenic effect of CD86− DCs. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1), a crucial mediator of DC maturation, was confirmed as a let-7i target gene by luciferase construct assay. Suppression or overexpression of let-7i caused reciprocal alterations in SOCS1 protein expression, but had no significant effects on SOCS1 mRNA levels, indicating that let-7i regulated SOCS1 expression by translational suppression. The modulation of SOCS1 protein by let-7i was mainly restricted to CD86− DCs. Our study demonstrates that let-7i regulation of SOCS1 is critical for LPS-induced DC maturation and immune function. Dynamic regulation of let-7i may fine-tune immune responses by inducing Ag-specific immune tolerance.
Reactive Carbonyls Are a Major Th2-Inducing Damage-Associated Molecular Pattern Generated by Oxidative Stress
Authors: Moghaddam Amin E. , Gartlan Kate H. , Kong Leopold , Sattentau Quentin J. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Oxidative stress is widespread and entwined with pathological processes, yet its linkage to adaptive immunity remains elusive. Reactive carbonyl (RC) adduction, a common feature of oxidative stress, has been shown to target proteins to the adaptive immune system. Because aldehydes are important mediators of carbonylation, we explored the immunomodulatory properties of model Ags modified by common bioactive aldehyde by-products of oxidative stress: 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, malondialdehyde, and glycolaldehyde. Ag modification with all three aldehydes resulted in Ag-specific IgG1-dominated responses in adjuvant-free murine immunizations in an RC-dependent manner. The central role of RCs was confirmed, as their reduction into nonreactive groups abrogated all adaptive responses, despite the presence of other well-known aldehyde-driven adducts such as Nε-carboxymethyllysine and glycolaldehyde–pyridine. Moreover, Ag-specific Ab responses robustly correlated with the extent of RC adduction, regardless of the means of their generation. T cell responses mirrored the Th2-biased Ab isotypes by Ag-specific splenocyte production of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, but not IFN-γ. The RC-induced Th2 response was in sharp contrast to that induced by Th1/Th2 balanced or Th1-biasing adjuvants and was maintained in a range of mouse strains. In vitro studies revealed that RC adduction enhanced Ag presentation with Th2 polarization in the absence of conventional dendritic cell activation. Taken together, these data implicate commonly occurring RC as an important oxidation-derived Th2 immunomodulatory damage-associated molecular pattern with potentially important roles in health and disease.