bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth and characterization of ferroelectric‐ferroelastic Tb2(MoO4)3 crystals
Authors: Cai Guipeng , Wang Jiyang , Zhang Huaijin 
Published: August 2009

AbstractTransparent and nearly colorless ferroelectric‐ferroelastic β′‐Tb2(MoO4)3 (TMO) single crystals have been grown by the Czochralski (CZ) method. The single crystal structure was investigated by X‐ray powder diffraction and was shown to be a single phase with the structure similar as the β′‐Gd2(MoO4)3 crystal. The optical transparency of the TMO crystal has been measured and the crystal is almost transparent in the visible and near infrared regions. The defects of TMO crystal were evaluated by etching technique and the ferroelectric domain structures were observed by an optical microscope. A high‐resolution X‐ray diffraction analysis demonstrates that the as‐grown TMO crystal possesses relatively high optical quality. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Corporate social responsibility and developing countries
Authors: Dobers Peter , Halme Minna 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis paper draws attention to several corporate social responsibility (CSR) questions in developing countries. (1) Illustrations from, for example, South America and Africa, including African voices critical to foreign aid, show that societies are different in many respects. This implies different capacities of organizations and their managers to understand and address pressing CSR issues in different cultural contexts. (2) Weak institutional environments, such as in developing countries, often harbor illicit financial outflow from poor countries to rich ones. This strips developing nations of critical resources and contributes to failed states, a point hardly ever discussed in the CSR literature. We argue for corporate actions in areas such as enhancing capacity in detecting tax fraud, antitrust and the unveiling of corruption cases. Obviously, legislation is a task of politicians, governments and international governmental bodies. However, if business enterprises can ‘legally misuse’ the system, then the matter should be seen as a CSR issue also. There is thus an urgency for concerted efforts by the private sector, public sector and non‐governmental organizations to develop structures and institutions that contribute to social justice, environmental protection and poverty eradication. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Towards the Sustainable Production of Acrolein by Glycerol Dehydration
Authors: Katryniok Benjamin , Paul Sébastien , Capron Mickaël , Dumeignil Franck 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe massive increase in biodiesel production by transesterification of vegatable oils goes hand‐in‐hand with the availability of a large volume of glycerol, which must be valorized. Glycerol dehydration to acrolein over acid catalysts is one of the most promising ways of valorization, because this compound is an important chemical intermediate used in, for example, the DL‐methionine synthesis. In this Minireview, we give a detailed critical view of the state‐of‐the‐art of this dehydration reaction. The processes developed in both the liquid and the gas phases are detailed and the best catalytic results obtained so far are reported as a benchmark for future developments. The advances on the understanding of the reaction mechanism are also discussed and we further focus particularly on the main obstacles for an immediate industrial application of this technology, namely catalyst coking and crude glycerol direct‐use issues.
Fine needle aspiration of metastatic prostate carcinoma simulating a primary adrenal cortical neoplasm: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Subhawong Andrea P. , Subhawong Ty K. , Li Qing Kay 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAdrenal metastases usually occur in prostate cancer patients with widespread bone and visceral disease. Autopsy studies have shown that adrenal metastases may be found in up to 23% of these patients. However, the finding of an isolated adrenal metastasis without the involvement of other organs in a patient with prostate cancer is exceedingly rare. Thus, it may cause a diagnostic dilemma on FNA cytology. We report a patient with a history of prostate cancer, status post radiation, and hormonal therapy 4 years before, who presented with a new, single adrenal mass on abdominal imaging studies. The ultrasound‐guided FNA cytology of the adrenal mass revealed cytomorphological features that were suggestive of a primary adrenal cortical neoplasm, but overlapped with those of a prostate metastasis. To our knowledge, FNA findings of metastatic prostate cancer simulating an adrenal cortical neoplasm have not been previously reported in the English literature. The purpose of our study is to discuss the differential diagnosis of these entities. The accurate diagnosis is important because of different prognosis and treatment implications for the various diseases. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Micronucleus to distinguish adenocarcinoma from reactive mesothelial cell in effusion fluid
Authors: Kaur Jasleen , Dey Pranab 
Published: August 2009

AbstractTo evaluate the role of the scoring of micronucleated cell (MNC) to distinguish reactive mesothelial cells from adenocarcinoma cells in effusion fluid.A total of 20 cases of unequivocal metastatic adenocarcinoma and 15 controls with reactive mesothelial cell proliferation in ascetic fluid were selected for scoring of the MNC. The numbers of cells having micronuclei were counted per 1000 of the well‐preserved cells in May Grunwald Giemsa stained slides in each case.The mean number of MNC in metastatic adenocarcinoma and reactive mesothelial cells were 21 + 6.53 and 2.93 + 2.63, respectively, per 1000 cells. Micronuclei frequency was significantly increased in adenocarcinoma patients compared with controls (Student's t‐test, P < 0.001).The scoring of MNC can be used as an additional biomarker and to discriminate between benign reactive mesothelial cells versus metastatic adenocarcinoma in effusion fluids in difficult situation. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New Phenylglycine‐Derived Primary Amine Organocatalysts for the Preparation of Optically Active Warfarin
Authors: Kristensen Tor E. , Vestli Kristian , Hansen Finn K. , Hansen Tore 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn this work we present new, fully synthetic phenylglycine‐derived primary amine organocatalysts useful for the one‐step preparation of optically active warfarin, an important anticoagulant. Both enantiomeric forms of the catalysts are equally available and can be prepared by robust procedures without recourse to chromatographic purification. Together with a co‐catalyst, particularly acetic acid or 2,4‐dinitrophenol, they can furnish warfarin in approximately 80 % ee and represent inexpensive alternatives to other primary amine organocatalysts such as the chiral diamines and Cinchona‐derived primary amines.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Body posture effects on self‐evaluation: A self‐validation approach
Authors: Briñol Pablo , Petty Richard E. , Wagner Benjamin 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBuilding on the notion of embodied attitudes, we examined how body postures can influence self‐evaluations by affecting thought confidence, a meta‐cognitive process. Specifically, participants were asked to think about and write down their best or worse qualities while they were sitting down with their back erect and pushing their chest out (confident posture) or slouched forward with their back curved (doubtful posture). Then, participants completed a number of measures and reported their self‐evaluations. In line with the self‐validation hypothesis, we predicted and found that the effect of the direction of thoughts (positive/negative) on self‐related attitudes was significantly greater when participants wrote their thoughts in the confident than in the doubtful posture. These postures did not influence the number or quality of thoughts listed, but did have an impact on the confidence with which people held their thoughts. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Suffering from the possibility of status loss: Physiological responses to social identity threat in high status groups
Authors: Scheepers Daan , Ellemers Naomi , Sintemaartensdijk Nieska 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn this research, we examine the emergence of social identity threat among members of high status groups, by assessing physiological responses to threat in addition to more traditional (self‐report) measures. We argue that physiological measures are better suited than explicit responses to indicate the emergence of social identity threat when high status groups face the possibility of future group status loss. In Experiment 1, members of an experimentally created high status group displayed higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) and pulse pressure (PP) when inter‐group status differences were unstable than when they were stable, even though participants in both conditions reported identical levels of collective self‐esteem. In Experiment 2, only male participants (i.e., high status group members) displayed increased SBP and PP when discussing changing gender–status relations in society, particularly when this happened in an inter‐group context (i.e., when discussing with females). The increased threat that emerged under these conditions could not be inferred from self‐reported inter‐group perceptions (endorsement of sexism). We conclude that whereas self‐report measures can help assess how high status group members perceive the current inter‐group situation, physiological measures are needed to reveal the social identity threat they experience when they anticipate the possibility for future change in inter‐group relations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The symbolic identity implications of inter and intra‐group transgressions
Authors: Okimoto Tyler G. , Wenzel Michael 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe current investigation proposes that symbolic identity concerns underlie retributive desires following a transgression, but that the type of identity concern that primarily drives that retribution varies between intra and intergroup contexts. More specifically, a respondent's social identity may be threatened by calling into question his or her ingroup's status and power in the larger superordinate society, a concern that is particularly relevant in intergroup contexts. Identity may also be threatened by questioning a group's identity‐defining values, a concern that is particularly relevant in intragroup contexts. In support of these assertions, the current study shows that desires for retribution following an intergroup terrorist attack were stronger when the attack was framed as attempting to undermine the victimized nation's status/power, but were stronger following an intragroup terrorist attack when framed as attempting to undermine national values. Moreover, these differences only occurred for respondents high in national identification, underscoring that the effects are based on identity processes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gibbs point process models with mixed effects
Authors: Illian Janine B. , Hendrichsen Ditte K. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe consider spatial point patterns that have been observed repeatedly in the same area at several points in time. We take a maximum pseudolikelihood approach (besag :1976) to parameter estimation in the context of Gibbs processes (Stoyan et al., 1995, Illian et al., 2008). More specifically, we discuss pair‐wise interaction processes where the conditional intensity has a log‐linear form and extend existing models by expressing the intensity and the interaction terms in the pseudolikelihood as a sum of fixed and random effects, where the latter accounts for variation over time. We initially derive a Strauss process model with mixed effects. As this model is too simplistic in the given context, we further consider a more general model that allows for inter‐group differences in intensity and interaction strength and has a more flexible interaction function. We apply the approximate Berman–Turner device (Baddeley and Turner, 2000) to a generalised linear mixed model with log link and Poisson outcome rather than a simple generalised linear model. Estimates are obtained using existing software for generalised linear mixed models based on penalised quasi‐likelihood methods (Bresow and Clayton, 1993).The approach is applied to a data set detailing the spatial locations of different types of muskoxen herds in a fixed area in Greenland at different points in time within several years (Meltofte and Berg, 2004). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combining numerical model output and particulate data using Bayesian space–time modeling
Authors: McMillan Nancy J. , Holland David M. , Morara Michele , Feng Jingyu 
Published: August 2009

AbstractOver the past few years, Bayesian models for combining output from numerical models and air monitoring data have been applied to environmental data sets to improve spatial prediction. This paper develops a new hierarchical Bayesian model (HBM) for fine particulate matter (PM2.5) that combines U. S. EPA Federal Reference Method (FRM) PM2.5 monitoring data and Community Multi‐scale Air Quality (CMAQ) numerical model output. The model is specified in a Bayesian framework and fitted using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) techniques. We find that the statistical model combining monitoring data and CMAQ output provides reliable information about the true underlying PM2.5 process over time and space. We base these conclusions on results of a validation exercise in which independent monitoring data were compared with predicted values from the HBM and predictions from a standard kriging model based solely on the monitoring data. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of different commercial lipases on the volatile profile of lipolysed milk fat
Authors: Wang Bei , Xu Shiying 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe effect of four different commercial lipases on the flavour profiles (sensory and analytical data) of lipolysed milk fat was examined in this study. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and gas chromatography–olfactometry (GC–O) were used to determine the most potent volatiles resulting from lipolysis. Forty‐six volatile compounds were determined and semi‐quantified by GC–MS. Nineteen volatile compounds were considered to be major contributors to the characteristic flavour of the lipolysed samples. Based on sensory and analytical data, Palatase 20 000 L was selected as the preferred lipase to produce a lipolysed milk fat to be used in the production of dairy flavourings. The key aroma compounds (hydrolytic products) resulting from the use of this lipase are butanoic acid, hexanoic acid, δ‐dodecalactone, 2‐nonanone, 2‐undecanone and hexanal. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of neck dissection on long‐term feeding tube dependence in patients with head and neck cancer treated with primary radiation or chemoradiation
Authors: Lango Miriam N. , Egleston Brian , Ende Kevin , Feigenberg Steven , D'Ambrosio David J. , Cohen Roger B. , Ahmad Sidrah , Nicolaou Nicos , Ridge John A. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackground.The impact of posttreatment neck dissection on prolonged feeding tube dependence in patients with head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) treated with primary radiation or chemoradiation remains unknown.Methods.We conducted a retrospective cohort study using propensity score adjustment to investigate the effect of neck dissection on prolonged feeding tube dependence.Results.A review of 67 patients with node‐positive HNSCC (T1‐4N1‐3), treated with primary radiation or chemoradiation, with no evidence of tumor recurrence and follow‐up of at least 24 months, was performed. Following adjustment for covariates, the relative risk (RR) of feeding tube dependence at 18 months was significantly increased in patients treated with posttreatment neck dissection (RR 4.74, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.07‐10.89). At 24 months, the relative risk of feeding tube dependence in the patients having undergone neck dissection increased further (RR 7.66, 95% CI 2.07‐10.89). Of patients with feeding tubes 2 years after completing treatment, 75% remained feeding tube dependent.ConclusionNeck dissection may contribute to chronic oropharyngeal dysphagia in HNSCC patients treated with primary radiation or chemoradiation. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Visualization of anterior skull base defects with intraoperative cone‐beam CT
Authors: Bachar Gideon , Barker Emma , Chan Harley , Daly Michael J. , Nithiananthan Sajendra , Vescan Al , Irish Jonathan C. , Siewerdsen Jeffrey H. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe role of cone‐beam CT (CBCT) in demonstrating anterior skull base defects (ASBDs), differing in size and location, was investigated. The study was designed to describe the potential advantage of CBCT in the setting of an intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak.MethodsIn all, 120 ASBD were evaluated in 5 cadaver heads. Orthogonal and oblique slices were reconstructed. Observer studies assessed the visibility of ASBD in each location as a function of defect size.ResultsFor 1‐, 2‐, and 4‐mm defects, the percentage that were undetectable ranged from 20% to 33%, 0% to 14%, and 0% to 5%, respectively. Confident breach detection increased with defect size and was most challenging in the lateral lamella and cribriform. CBCT permitted confident detection of ASBD as small as about 2 mm in the fovea ethmoidalis and planum. Oblique views were found to be superior to orthogonal planes.ConclusionsThe ability to identify ASBD depended on the size and location of defect. Oblique viewing planes were optimal for ASBD visualization. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Real‐time and computerized sonographic scoring system for predicting malignant cervical lymphadenopathy
Authors: Liao Li‐Jen , Wang Chi‐Te , Young Yi‐Ho , Cheng Po‐Wen 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackground.To identify malignant cervical lymphadenopathy, we established a real‐time, computerized scoring system based on sonographic findings and demographic data.Methods.One hundred eight patients with neck lymphadenopathy, receiving ultrasonography and ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (US‐FNA), were used to construct a predictive model. This model was validated by another independent patient cohort.Results.A predictive scoring scale was proposed by multivariate logistic regression analysis: 0.06 × (age) + 4.76 × (S/L ratio) + 2.15 × (internal echo) + 1.80 × (vascular pattern). Cervical lymphadenopathy was regarded as malignant with a score ≥7. The formula was programmed into a synchronized, computerized sonographic reporting system. Prospective validation of this predictive tool showed excellent sensitivity (100%), specificity (88.0%), and overall accuracy (90.1%).Conclusion.A real‐time and practical sonographic scoring system was built and validated to provide the physician prompt and reliable probability guidance for performing US‐FNA cytology in managing cervical lymphadenopathy. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
99mTc‐sestamibi scanning in thyroid nodules with nondiagnostic cytology
Authors: Giovanella Luca , Suriano Sergio , Maffioli Marco , Ceriani Luca , Spriano Giuseppe 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackgroundOur aim in this study was to assess the relevance of 99mTc‐sestaMIBI (MIBI) scan in the diagnostic evaluation of thyroid nodules with nondiagnostic cytology.MethodsIn all, 74 patients with a single nodule and repeatedly nondiagnostic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration cytology (US‐FNAC) were enrolled. In all cases thyroid nodules were cold in 99mTc‐pertechnetate (Tc) scans. Thyroid scans were also acquired 30 and 120 minutes after intravenous administration of MIBI. Nodules that concentrate MIBI were considered as positive (ie, suspicious for malignancy). Histologic findings were obtained after surgery in all patients.ResultsNo differences occurred in early and late MIBI images. None of 63 patients with a negative MIBI scan had a final histologic diagnosis of malignancy (ie, no false‐negative results). Two patients with a final histologic diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and 1 with follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) had a positive MIBI scan. Eight patients with a final histologic diagnosis of benign lesions (3 with follicular adenomas) also had MIBI‐positive scans. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were, respectively, 100%, 88%, 89%, 27%, and 100%.ConclusionsA negative MIBI scan in a cold nodule accurately excludes malignancy when US‐FNAC is reported as nondiagnostic. This avoids the need for more invasive diagnostic procedures (ie, surgery) and positively influences the cost‐effectiveness profile. A MIBI scan may be performed by acquiring images 30 minutes after tracer administration alone. Histology is still necessary to distinguish benign from malignant disease in a MIBI‐positive nodule but unnecessary surgery could have been reduced from 71 to 8 cases in our series. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Task difficulty in the Morris water task influences the survival of new neurons in the dentate gyrus
Authors: Epp Jonathan R. , Haack Andrew K. , Galea Liisa A.M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAdult neurogenesis continues throughout life in the mammalian hippocampus. The precise function of the adult generated neurons remains uncertain although there is growing evidence that they are involved in hippocampus‐dependent learning and memory. Training rats on a hidden platform version of the Morris water task has been shown to increase or decrease the survival of newly produced cells in the dentate gyrus (DG) compared to training on a visible platform version. Here we investigated whether the difficulty of the task is related to the degree or direction of the change in neurogenesis. We trained rats on either a visible platform version of the Morris water task or one of three different hidden platform paradigms: four training trials per session version, two training trials per session, and reduced‐cue (a version in which the majority of the distal cues were removed from the room). BrdU was administered 6 days prior to training and rats were perfused 24 h after the last training session. As expected, training on the four trial hidden platform version increased cell survival compared to training on the visible platform version. However, training on the more difficult reduced‐cue hidden platform version resulted in a decrease in cell survival. Rats that received fewer trials per session did not differ in terms of cell survival in comparison to rats trained on the visible platform version. These findings demonstrate that altering the difficulty of the spatial task has an impact on the corresponding change in cell survival. The lack of obvious distal cues likely changed the strategy used by the rats to determine the location of the platform and resulted in a decrease, instead of an increase in cell survival in the hippocampus. In conclusion, different types of hippocampus‐dependent learning can differentially impact cell survival. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.