bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controlled‐synthesis of Slightly Crosslinked Poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride)s Used as Useful Polycationic Dye‐fixatives on Cotton Fabric
Authors: Yu Yikai , Zhang Yuejun 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA series of slightly crosslinked poly (dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) s (PDMs) as useful polycationic dye‐fixatives on cotton fabric were synthesized by copolymerization of triallylmethylammonium chloride (TAMAC) and dimethyldiallylammonium chloride (DM). The structures of slightly crosslinked PDMs could be controlled by varying molar ratio of TAMAC to DM during polymerization, and their molecular weights were possibly controlled by adjusting different polymerization conditions. The results showed, under the same conditions that the polymerization temperatures were kept at 65 °C for 6 h and then heated to 80 °C for 2 h, when the initial monomer concentrations (w/w) were increased from 37% to 50%, the initiator amount were gradually decreased from 9% to 5%, a series of slightly crosslinked PDMs with controlled structures of 1%‐5% TAMAC molar contents and controlled intrinsic viscosities of 0.18∼0.65 dL/g were successfully synthesized, which were as designed and could be expected as novel useful polycationic dye‐fixatives on cotton fabric.
Indirect Determination of Sulfadiazine by Cloud Point Extraction/Flow Injection‐Flame Atomic Absorption (CPE/FI‐FAAS) Spectrometry
Authors: Dadfarnia Shayessteh , Hajishabani Ali Mohammad , Rad Hamid Fazeli 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAn indirect simple and rapid cloud point extraction is proposed for separation and preconcentration of sulfadiazine and its determination by flow injection‐flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FI‐FAAS). The sulfadiazine from 35 mL of solution was readily converted to silver sulfadiazine upon addition of silver nitrate (9.7 × 10‐5 mol/L). Then, Triton X‐114 a non ionic surfactant was added and the solution was heated to 60 °C. At this stage, two separate phases was formed and silver sulfadiazine enters the surfactant rich phase of non‐ionic micelles of Triton X‐114. The surfactant‐rich phase (∼50 μL) was then separated and diluted to 300 μL with acidic methanol. The concentration of silver in the surfactant‐rich phase which is proportional to the concentration of sulfadiazine in sample solution was determined by FI‐FAAS. The parameters affecting extraction and separation were optimized. Under the optimum conditions (i.e. pH 2‐10, silver concentration (9.7 × 10 ‐5 mol/L), Triton X‐114 (0.075% v/v) and temperature 60 °C) a preconcentration factor of 117 and a relative standard deviation of 4.9% at 37 μg L‐1 of sulfadiazine was obtained. The method was successfully applied to analysis of milk, urine and tablet samples and accuracy was determined by recovery experiments.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure Determination of [H2‐cryptand 222](Br3)2: A Unique Tribromide Catalyst for the Catalytic Chemoselective N‐Boc Protection of Amines
Authors: Chehardoli Gholamabbas , Zolfigol Mohammad Ali , Khakyzadeh Vahid , Golbedaghi Reza , Hall Nikita A. , Blackman Allan G. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe organic tribromide, [H2‐cryptand 222](Br3)2 was synthesized and characterized by X‐ray crystallography, and was utilized as an active catalyst for the N‐boc protection of amines. The method is general for the preparation of N‐boc derivatives of aliphatic (acyclic and cyclic), aromatic, primary and secondary amines. We also applied our new reaction protocols for the N‐boc protection of some new amines and spectral and physical data for the obtained products are reported.
Synthesis and Reactions of 1‐Amino‐5‐morpholin‐4‐yl‐6,7,8,9‐tetrahydrothieno[2,3‐c]isoquinoline
Authors: Zaki Remon M. , Radwan Shaban M. , El‐Dean Adel M. Kamal 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe pyrazolone derivative 4 was synthesized by reaction of carbohydrazide 2 with ethyl benzoylacetate in ethanol and p‐toluene sulphonic acid followed by cyclization upon heating in acetic acid. Chloroacylation of amino ester and amino benzoyl compounds 1, 19 gave the chloro acetylamino derivatives 5 and 20 respectively which both of them react with different amines to afford compounds 6, 23a‐d. Hydrolysis and decarboxlation of compound 1 yielded the aminothienotetrahydroisoquinoline 8 which was used as versatile material for synthesizing other heterocyclic compounds 9‐18. Compound 20 react with hexamethylenetetramine and malononitrile yielded thediazepino and pyrrolo derivatives 21, 22 respectively.
Comparing ungulate dietary proxies using discriminant function analysis
Authors: Fraser Danielle , Theodor Jessica M. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA variety of tooth‐wear and morphological dietary proxies have been proposed for ungulates. In turn, they have been applied to fossil specimens with the purpose of reconstructing the diets of extinct taxa. Although these dietary proxies have been used in isolation and in combination, a consistent set of statistical analyses has never been applied to all of the available datasets. The purpose of this study is to determine how well the most commonly used dietary proxies classify ungulates as browsers, grazers, and mixed feeders individually and in combination. Discriminant function analysis is applied to individual dietary proxies (hypsodonty, mesowear, microwear, and several cranial dietary proxies) and to combinations thereof to compare rates of successful dietary classification. In general, the tooth‐wear dietary proxies (mesowear and microwear) perform better than morphological dietary proxies, though none are strong proxies in isolation. The success rates of the cranial dietary proxies are not increased substantially when ruminants and bovids are analyzed separately, and significance among the three dietary guilds is reduced when controlling for phylogenetic relatedness. The combination of hypsodonty, mesowear, and microwear is found to have a high rate of successful dietary classification, but a combination of all commonly used proxies increases the success rate to 100%. In most cases, mixed feeders bear the greatest resemblance to browsers suggesting that a morphology intermediate to browsers and grazers may represent a fitness valley resulting from the inability to exploit both browse and graze efficiently. These results are important for future paleoecological studies and should be used as a guide for determining which dietary proxies are appropriate to the research question. J. Morphol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevalence and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus in non‐neoplastic cervical tissue lesion: Cervical erosion
Authors: Bayram Aysen , Erkılıç Suna , Balat Özcan , Ekşi Fahriye , Uğur Mete Gürol , Öztürk Ebru , Kaya Gülsüm 
Published: September 2011

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the commonest sexually transmitted infection, which is associated with various clinical conditions, ranging from asymptomatic infection to malignant disease of the cervix. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and genotypic distribution of HPV in women with cervical erosion and to compare the results with those in women with a clinically normal cervix. A further aim was to establish the association between HPV infection and cervical cytology results in women with and without cervical erosion. Cervical samples were collected by liquid‐based method and consecutively evaluated for the presence of HPV DNA and for cervical cytology. HPV DNA was tested by a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and typed by reverse dot blot genotyping. Cytological classification was made according to Bethesda 2001 criteria. The overall HPV prevalence was 16.9%; HPV DNA was positive in 20.2% of women with cervical erosion and 12.8% in women with normal cervix (P < 0.05). Multiple infections were found in 34.1% of the HPV‐positive women. Commonest types were HPV 18 (32.9%), HPV 16 (29.5%), HPV 54 (20.5%), and HPV 6 (17%). Cervical cytology results were abnormal for 5.2% of women with cervical erosion and for 1.3% with clinically normal cervix (P < 0.05). This study detected a high prevalence of HPV infection in women with cervical erosion compared to women with a normal cervix. This data may contribute to the HPV epidemiology in the southeastern Turkey. It is recommended that women with cervical erosion should be given priority in HPV screening programs. J. Med. Virol. 83:1997–2003, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prediction of the strength parameter of cohesive zone model for simulating composite delamination by the equivalent inclusion method
Authors: Ye Qiang , Chen Puhui 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe cohesive strength is an important parameter in numerically modeling composite delamination via cohesive zone model‐based FEM. A micromechanical model is proposed to predict the cohesive strength based on Eshelby's equivalent inclusion method (EIM). In this model, it is considered that the cohesive strength depends heavily on the stress concentrations at the microscopic level. The cohesive strengths of T700/QY8911 and AS4/PEEK laminates at various cross‐angles of the bidirectional fibers are computed using EIM with constant eigenstrains. With the predicted cohesive strengths the FEM simulations on mixed‐mode bending and six‐point bending test are presented, and the results are in fair agreement with experimental observation. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Agave lechuguilla Torrey fiber as reinforcement of polyester resin
Authors: Velásquez‐Martínez Aníbal , Díaz‐Díaz Alberto , Hernández‐Escobar Claudia Alejandra , Zaragoza‐Contreras Erasto Armando 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis study was aimed to evaluate the application of lechuguilla fiber (Agave lechuguilla Torrey), with no treatment, as reinforcement of polyester resin. Mechanical assays and pull‐out tests were performed on specimens of one fiber and strands of 10 fibers and on lechuguilla fiber/polyester composites and polyester matrix alone. The results indicated that there was no important improvement in composite rigidity, as the Young's modulus in both the fiber and the polyester resin were similar; however, an important improvement in composite resistance, in respect to the matrix alone, attributed to a good interfacial adherence fiber‐matrix, was observed. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Impact of IASI assimilation at global and convective scales and challenges for the assimilation of cloudy scenes
Authors: Guidard V. , Fourrié N. , Brousseau P. , Rabier F. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractSince July 2008, Infrared Atmospheric Sounder Interferometer (IASI) radiances have been assimilated in the French global model Action de Recherche Petite Echelle Grande Echelle (ARPEGE) and since April 2010 at high density in the French convective‐scale model Applications of Research to Operations at MEsoscale (AROME).The impact of the assimilation of clear IASI data on forecast skill is found to be positive for both models. As many observed scenes are cloudy, several ways to characterize the clouds within the observed spectra are investigated. Firstly, a simple approach that enables the determination of both the cloud‐top pressure and the effective cloud amount of an equivalent single‐layer cloud is followed using a CO2‐slicing method. The first assimilation trials in overcast conditions lead to a small positive impact on forecast skill. Another approach would be to take advantage of the fact that cloud water variables are described at high resolution in the convective‐scale model AROME. Model cloud fields have to be used in conjunction with a cloudy radiative transfer model. The first simulations using this technique are performed and compared against observations. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Pseudo‐energy shaping for the stabilization of a class of second‐order systems
Authors: Chang Dong Eui 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYA Lyapunov direct method is presented for a class of second‐order systems that includes mechanical systems. This method shall be called a pseudo‐energy shaping method because it reduces to the energy shaping method when a given second‐order system is a mechanical system. The pseudo‐energy shaping method comprehends both the Lyapunov direct method for mechanical systems proposed by Aguilar‐Ibañez and the controlled Lagrangian method that has been successfully applied to stabilize mechanical systems.A class of second‐order systems including mechanical systems is defined first. For this class, matching conditions are derived for the construction of an energy‐like Lyapunov function that shall be called a pseudo‐energy function. Easily verifiable conditions are then presented for stabilizability by the pseudo‐energy shaping method for a class of second‐order linear systems and for a class of second‐order nonlinear systems with one degree of under‐actuation. These results are applied to stabilize a two‐dimensional overhead crane system and a three‐link robot arm system. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lysophosphatidic Acid Induces Erythropoiesis through Activating Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor 3
Authors: Chiang Chi-Ling , Chen Swey-Shen Alex , Lee Shyh Jye , Tsao Ku-Chi , Chu Pei-Lun , Wen Cheng-Hao , Hwang Shiaw-Min , Yao Chao-Ling , Lee Hsinyu 
Published: September 2011

AbstractLysophosphatidic acid (LPA), an extracellular lipid mediator, exerts multiple bioactivities through activating G protein-coupled receptors. LPA receptor 3 (LPA3) is a member of the endothelial differentiation gene family, which regulates differentiation and development of the circulation system. However, the relationship among the LPA receptors (LPARs) and erythropoiesis is still not clear. In this study, we found that erythroblasts expressed both LPA1 and LPA3, and erythropoietic defects were observed in zLPA3 antisense morpholino oligonucleotide-injected zebrafish embryos. In human model, our results showed that LPA enhanced the erythropoiesis in the cord blood-derived human hematopoietic stem cells (hHSCs) with erythropoietin (EPO) addition in the plasma-free culture. When hHSCs were treated with Ki16425, an antagonist of LPA1 and LPA3, erythropoietic process of hHSCs was also blocked, as detected by mRNA and protein expressions of CD71 and GlyA. In the knockdown study, we further demonstrated that specific knockdown of LPA3, not LPA1, blocked the erythropoiesis. The translocation of β-catenin into the nucleus, a downstream response of LPAR activation, was blocked by Ki16425 treatment. In addition, upregulation of erythropoiesis by LPA was also blocked by quercetin, an inhibitor of the β-catenin/T-cell factor pathway. Furthermore, the enhancement of LPA on erythropoiesis was diminished by blocking c-Jun-activated kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT activation, the downstream signaling pathways of EPO receptor, suggested that LPA might play a synergistic role with EPO to regulate erythropoietic process. In conclusion, we first reported that LPA participates in EPO-dependent erythropoiesis through activating LPA3.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Fluorescent Property of A Chiral 2D Polymer Based on Bis(2‐benzimidazoles) and Aromatic Carboxylate Ligands
Authors: Feng Guo‐Dong , Jiang Luan , Su Zhong‐Min 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe have synthesized a new complex [Zn(H2C3PIm)(BTC)H2O]n (1) [H3BTC = 1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxylic acid, H2C3PIm = 2,2′‐(1,3‐propanediyl)‐bis(1H‐benzimidazole)] and determined its structure (C26H20N4O7Zn, Mr = 565.83) using single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The complex crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P2(1) with a = 8.497(5), b = 16.316(5), c = 9.316(5) Å, β = 104.955(5), V = 1247.8(11) Å3, Z = 2, Dc = 1.506 g·cm–3, μ(Mo‐Kα) = 1.038 mm–1, F(000) = 580, S = 0.755, the final indices are R = 0.0386 and wR = 0.0456 for 3461 reflections with I > 2σ(I). In the asymmetric unit of complex 1, the distorted tetrahedral ZnII ion is bridged by the carboxylic oxygen atoms of the BTC ligand and the nitrogen atoms of the H2C3PIm ligand. The complex units are linked through BTC ligands into a chiral 2D layer and further connected into a 3D framework by π–π packing interactions between the adjacent H2C3PIm ligands. The complex exhibits high stablility in air at ambient temperature and strong photoluminescence at room temperature.
Ein dimeres Squarato‐Fluoroferrat(III)
Authors: Leo Roland , Massa Werner 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA first squarato‐fluoro complex of iron(III) could be prepared and characterised by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction as (imidH)2[Fe2sq2F4(H2O)2]·2H2O (imid = imidazole, sq = squarate(2‐) anion). Space group P$\bar{1}$, Z = 1, a = 8.2174(8), b = 8.4306(9), c = 8.7860(9) Å, α = 63.864(9)°, β = 78.020(10)°, γ = 79.905(11)°, R1 = 0.0264. The structure is built by dimeric [Fe2sq2F4(H2O)2]2– anions where the iron atoms are bridged by two fluoride ions and two squarate anions acting as bidentate ligands. Two additional fluoride ions and two aqua ligands are in trans‐ terminal positions. These anions are implemented in a hydrogen bond network including the imidazolium cations and the free water molecules.
Residential Mobility and Prosocial Development Within a Single City
Authors: O'Brien Daniel Tumminelli , Gallup Andrew C. , Wilson David Sloan 
Published: September 2011

AbstractNeighborhood social dynamics have been shown to impact behavioral development in residents, including levels of prosociality (i.e. positive social behavior). This study explores whether residential moves to neighborhoods with different social dynamics can influence further prosocial development. Prosociality, five domains of social support, and residential location were tracked between 2006 and 2009 in 397 adolescents across a small city in upstate New York. Analysis compared the role of the different forms of social support in prosocial development for movers versus non‐movers. The effects of one's neighborhood of residence at Time 2 were also compared between movers and non‐movers. Prosocial development in these two groups responded similarly to all forms of social support, including from neighbors. Movers experienced a greater increase in prosociality the more residentially stable the adolescent population of their new neighborhood of residence. Such neighborhood characteristics were not influential in the prosocial development of non‐movers.
Force and torque acting on particles in a transitionally rough open-channel flow
Authors: Chan-Braun Clemens , García-Villalba Manuel , Uhlmann Markus 
Published: September 2011

AbstractDirect numerical simulation of open channel flow over a geometrically rough wall has been performed at a bulk Reynolds number of ${\mathit{Re}}_{b} \approx 2900$. The wall consisted of a layer of spheres in a square arrangement. Two cases have been considered. In the first case the spheres are small (with diameter equivalent to $10. 7$ wall units) and the limit of the hydraulically smooth flow regime is approached. In the second case the spheres are more than three times larger ($49. 3$ wall units) and the flow is in the transitionally rough flow regime. Special emphasis is given to the characterisation of the force and torque acting on a particle due to the turbulent flow. It is found that in both cases the mean drag, lift and spanwise torque are to a large extent produced at the top region of the particle surface. The intensity of the particle force fluctuations is significantly larger in the large-sphere case, while the trend differs for the fluctuations of the individual components of the torque. A simplified model is used to show that the torque fluctuations might be explained by the spheres acting as a filter with respect to the size of the flow scales which can effectively generate torque fluctuations. Fluctuations of both force and torque are found to exhibit strongly non-Gaussian probability density functions with particularly long tails, an effect which is more pronounced in the small-sphere case. Some implications of the present results for sediment erosion are briefly discussed.
The Economics of Badmouthing: Libel Law and the Underworld of the Financial Press in France Before World War I
Authors: Bignon Vincent , Flandreau Marc 
Published: September 2011

This article analyzes the economics of “badmouthing” in the context of the pre-1914 French capital market. We argue that badmouthing was a means through which racketeering journals sought to secure property rights over issuers' reputation. We provide a theoretical study of the market setup that emerged to deal with such problems, and we test our predictions using new evidence from contemporary sources.“A newspaper that wishes to make its fortune should never waste its columns and weary its readers by praising anything. Eulogy is invariably dull—a fact that Mr. Alf had discovered and utilized.”A. Trollope, The Way We Live Now, 1875“And did you threaten him with the newspapers?”H. de Balzac, La maison Nucingen, 1837
Fungus ball within a mucocele of the sphenoid sinus and infratemporal fossa: case report with radiological findings
Authors: Lee D H , Kim S K , Joo Y E , Lim S C 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjective:We report an extremely rare case of a fungus ball within a mucocele of the sphenoid sinus and infratemporal fossa.Case report:A 62-year-old woman was referred for evaluation of a mass lesion in the left sphenoid sinus and infratemporal fossa. Endoscopic examination of the nasal cavity was unremarkable. Computed tomography showed a non-enhancing, expansile mass with calcifications in the sphenoid and infratemporal fossa; T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging revealed marked hypointense signals within the sphenoid sinus mass, with an intermediate signal intensity. A presumptive diagnosis of a mucocele was made. During surgery, a profuse amount of yellow fluid was drained from the mucocele. Clay-like material was noted within the mucocele, corresponding to the hypointense magnetic resonance imaging signals; this was identified as aspergillus on histopathological examination. Radiological findings for a fungus ball within a mucocele can be similar to those for allergic fungal sinusitis, which shows mixed low and high attenuation on computed tomography and low-signal intensity on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, within an expansile, cystic lesion.Conclusion:Although an association between a fungus ball and a mucocele is rare in the paranasal sinuses, this disease entity should be considered in the differential diagnosis of expansile, cystic sinus lesions.
Schizophrenia-related RGS4 gene variations specifically disrupt prefrontal control of saccadic eye movements
Authors: Kattoulas E. , Stefanis N. C. , Avramopoulos D. , Stefanis C. N. , Evdokimidis I. , Smyrnis N. 
Published: September 2011

BackgroundThe gene encoding the regulator of G-protein signaling subtype 4 (RGS4), located on chromosome 1q23-3, has been proposed as a possible susceptibility gene for schizophrenia and has been specifically linked to prefrontal cortical structural and functional integrity.MethodThe effects of four core single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the RGS4 gene on oculomotor parameters in a battery of oculomotor tasks (saccade, antisaccade, smooth eye pursuit, fixation) were investigated in a sample of 2243 young male military conscripts.ResultsThe risk allele of RGS4SNP18 was found to be associated with two variables of antisaccade performance, increased error rate and variation in the correct antisaccade latency. By contrast, the same allele and also the risk allele of RGS4SNP4 led to an improvement in smooth eye pursuit performance (increased gain). Structural equation modeling confirmed that the combined gene variation of RGS4SNP4 and RGS4SNP18 was a significant predictor of antisaccade but not smooth eye pursuit performance.ConclusionsThese results provide evidence for a specific effect of schizophrenia-related RGS4 genotype variations to prefrontal dysfunction measured by oculomotor indices of performance in normal individuals, further validating the hypothesis that RGS4 is related to prefrontal dysfunction in schizophrenia.