bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of breed and genomic inbreeding on milk, fat and protein lactation yields and fertility traits in pasture-based dairy cows in Argentina
Authors: Beribe María José , Carignano Hugo Adrián , Poli Mario Andrés , Lopez-Villalobos Nicolás 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of breed and genomic inbreeding on 305-day lactation yields of milk, fat and protein; and fertility traits of pasture-based dairy cows in Argentina. The genomic inbreeding and heterozygosity of 890 first-lactation cows and 27 bulls were calculated through methods based on the genomic relationship matrix and run of homozygosity using 44 174 single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Cows were classified into four breed groups: Holstein, Holstein crossbred, Holstein–Jersey crossbred and Jersey crossbred. The effect of genomic inbreeding was not significant on production traits, but inbred cows increased 3.0 days calving to conception interval (CCI) per 1% genomic inbreeding. On average, purebred Holstein cows produced 1119 kg milk, 22 kg fat and 30 kg protein more than Jersey crossbred cows. In the case of the fertility traits, Jersey crossbred cows had 45 days shorter CCI than purebred Holstein cows. A possible reason for the non-significant effects of genomic inbreeding of production and fertility traits is that these effects were evaluated in a crossbred population in which rates of heterozygosity would operate to some extent in the opposite direction to rates of genomic inbreeding.
Characteristics of and changes in the cardiometabolic measures of Japanese workers grouped according to their vegetables and salt intake through workplace cafeteria meals
Authors: Shirai Yoshiro , Sakuma Masae , Ushida Yusuke , Imoto Takayuki , Suga Keisuke , Matsui Kunio , Nakamura Mieko 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective:
This study aimed to objectively evaluate the diet consumed in a workplace cafeteria to group Japanese workers according to vegetables and salt intake and estimate the association of these groups with changes in cardiometabolic measurements.

Design:
This longitudinal observational study estimated the food and nutrient intake of Japanese workers from data recorded in the cafeteria system of their workplace. The primary outcomes included cardiometabolic measures obtained via regular health check-ups conducted at the workplace. The participants were divided into four groups according to high or low vegetables and salt intake based on their respective medians, and the association of each group with cardiometabolic measurement changes was estimated using robust regression with MM-estimation.

Setting:
A Japanese automobile manufacturing factory.

Subjects:
The study included 1140 men and women workers with available cafeteria and health check-up data.

Results:
An inverse marginal association was observed between changes in TAG levels (mmol/L) and high vegetables and low salt intake (β: –0·11, 95 % CI: –0·23, 0·01, P: 0·065) with reference to low vegetables and high salt intake. This association was stronger in participants who used the cafeteria more frequently (>=71 d; β: –0·15, 95 % CI: –0·29, –0·02, P: 0·027).

Conclusions:
The participants in the higher vegetables and lower salt intake group were more likely to exhibit decreased TAG levels. These findings encourage using workplace cafeteria meals to promote the health of workers.
Underestimated Land Heat Uptake Alters the Global Energy Distribution in CMIP6 Climate Models
Authors: Steinert Norman Julius , Cuesta‐Valero Francisco José , García‐Pereira Félix , de Vrese Philipp , Melo Aguilar Camilo Andrés , García‐Bustamante Elena , Jungclaus Johann , González‐Rouco Jesús Fidel 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCurrent global warming results in an uptake of heat by the Earth system, which is distributed among the different components of the climate system. However, current‐generation climate models deliver heat inventory and partitioning estimates of Earth system components that differ from recent observations. Here we investigate the global heat distribution under warming by using fully‐coupled CMIP6 Earth system model experiments, including a version of the MPI‐ESM with a deep land model component, accommodating the required space for more realistic terrestrial heat storage. The results show that sufficiently deep land models exert increased subsurface land heat uptake, leading to a heat uptake partitioning among the Earth system components that is closer to observational estimates. The results are relevant for the understanding of Earth's heat partitioning and highlight the importance of the land heat sink in the Earth heat inventory.
Testing Megathrust Rupture Models Using Tsunami Deposits
Authors: La Selle SeanPaul M. , Nelson Alan R. , Witter Robert C. , Jaffe Bruce E. , Gelfenbaum Guy , Padgett Jason S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe 26 January 1700 CE Cascadia subduction zone earthquake ruptured much of the plate boundary and generated a tsunami that deposited sand in coastal marshes from northern California to Vancouver Island. Although the depositional record of tsunami inundation is extensive in some of these marshes, few sites have been investigated in enough detail to map the inland extent of sand deposition and depict variability in tsunami deposit thickness and grain size. We collected 129 cores in marshes of the Salmon River estuary in Oregon and reanalyzed 114 core logs from a 1987–88 study that mapped the inland extent of circa 1700 CE sandy tsunami deposits. The ca. 1700 CE tsunami deposit in the Salmon River estuary is easily recognized in cores ≤1 m deep in which a buried marsh peat is overlain by a well sorted sand bed with a sharp lower contact that thins and fines inland. We use tsunami deposit data and models of sandy tsunami sediment transport (using Delft3D‐FLOW) to test 15 rupture models that could represent a ca. 1700 CE earthquake. At least 12–16 m of slip offshore of the Salmon River, which results in 0.8–1.0 m of coastal coseismic subsidence, is required to match the ca. 1700 CE sand deposit's inland extent, which is consistent with models of heterogeneous megathrust slip in ca. 1700 CE. Our methods of detailed tsunami deposit mapping, combined with sediment transport modeling, can be used to test models of megathrust ruptures and their tsunamis to potentially improve earthquake and tsunami hazard assessments.
A comparison of the effect of procedural pain on cerebral oxygen saturation between late preterm and term infants
Authors: Amornjiraporn Ittichote , Rugsapol Supranee , Thanasarnpaiboon Peerawit , Paes Bosco , Kitsommart Ratchada 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Objectives
We prospectively compared cerebral oxygen saturation (CrSO2) and pain score changes during procedures in late preterm (LPT) versus term infants.

Methods
Near-infrared spectroscopy, pulse oximetry, Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS) and Premature Infant Pain Profile-Revised (PIPP-R) scores were assessed and CrSO2 data analyzed.

Results
Thirty infants in each group were evaluated. LPT infants displayed a milder significant drop in Minimum post-procedural CrSO2 and smaller Maximum-Minimum post-procedural CrSO2 disparity. CrSO2 minute changes between the groups were non-significant. Moderate correlations were observed in both groups between NIPS and Minimum post-procedural CrSO2, and a moderate correlation was found in the Maximum-Minimum post-procedural CrSO2 difference in LPT infants. No correlation between PIPP-R and CrSO2 values was noted.

Conclusion
LPT and term infants demonstrated decreased CrSO2 in response to painful procedures. Correlations between CrSO2 and PIPP-R or NIPS scores were poor to moderate, reflecting the complex nature of these associations relative to gestational age.
Peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis: key features and differences
Authors: Heitz-Mayfield Lisa J. A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPeri-implant diseases are frequent complications that occur around osseointegrated endosseous implants and are the result of an imbalance between the bacterial challenge and host response. Peri-implant diseases may affect the peri-implant mucosa only (peri-implant mucositis) or also involve the supporting bone (peri-implantitis). Early detection of peri-implant diseases and timely treatment is important for the success of dental implant treatment. Peri-implant probing is essential to assess the peri-implant health status and should be done at each recall visit. Dental practitioners should be familiar with the clinical and radiological features of both conditions in order to make an accurate diagnosis and determine the appropriate treatment required. This article aims to provide clinicians with an understanding of the key differences between peri-implant health, peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis.
Managing idiopathic intracranial hypertension in the eye clinic
Authors: Bonelli Laura , Menon Vaishnavi , Arnold Anthony C. , Mollan Susan P. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIdiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a neuro-ophthalmological condition characterised by a raised intracranial pressure and papilloedema that causes disabling headaches. The main risk factors of female sex and living with obesity have been known for some time, however the knowledge of the underlying pathophysiology is evolving. Papilloedema can impact the visual function, and the majority of people are offered acetazolamide. Those with sight threatening disease need urgent management, though there is little high quality evidence to recommend any particular surgical intervention. Headache treatment is an unmet clinical need and simple medication overuse advice has the potential to reduce the chronification of migraine-like headaches. IIH is emerging as a systemic metabolic disease distinct from people living with obesity alone. While weight loss is the main stay of disease modifying therapy this is challenging to access and many healthcare professionals that manage the condition have no formal training or accessible pathways for weight management. The aim of this “how to do it” article is to present the latest advances in knowledge of IIH that we pragmatically included in routine clinical care for people living with the condition.
Tead4 and Tfap2c generate bipotency and a bistable switch in totipotent embryos to promote robust lineage diversification
Authors: Zhu Meng , Meglicki Maciej , Lamba Adiyant , Wang Peizhe , Royer Christophe , Turner Karen , Jauhar Muhammad Abdullah , Jones Celine , Child Tim , Coward Kevin , Na Jie , Zernicka-Goetz Magdalena 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe mouse and human embryo gradually loses totipotency before diversifying into the inner cell mass (ICM, future organism) and trophectoderm (TE, future placenta). The transcription factors TFAP2C and TEAD4 with activated RHOA accelerate embryo polarization. Here we show that these factors also accelerate the loss of totipotency. TFAP2C and TEAD4 paradoxically promote and inhibit Hippo signaling before lineage diversification: they drive expression of multiple Hippo regulators while also promoting apical domain formation, which inactivates Hippo. Each factor activates TE specifiers in bipotent cells, while TFAP2C also activates specifiers of the ICM fate. Asymmetric segregation of the apical domain reconciles the opposing regulation of Hippo signaling into Hippo OFF and the TE fate, or Hippo ON and the ICM fate. We propose that the bistable switch established by TFAP2C and TEAD4 is exploited to trigger robust lineage diversification in the developing embryo.
The clinical and economic costs associated with regional disparities in varicella vaccine coverage in Italy over 50 years (2020–2070)
Authors: Lang J. C. , Samant S. , Cook J. R. , Ranjan S. , Senese F. , Starnino S. , Giuffrida S. , Azzari C. , Baldo V. , Pawaskar M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractItaly implemented two-dose universal varicella vaccination (UVV) regionally from 2003 to 2013 and nationally from 2017 onwards. Our objective was to analyze regional disparities in varicella outcomes resulting from disparities in vaccine coverage rates (VCRs) projected over a 50-year time-horizon (2020–2070). A previously published dynamic transmission model was updated to quantify the potential public health impact of the UVV program in Italy at the national and regional levels. Four 2-dose vaccine strategies utilizing monovalent (V) and quadrivalent (MMRV) vaccines were evaluated for each region: (A) MMRV-MSD/MMRV-MSD, (B) MMRV-GSK/MMRV-GSK, (C) V-MSD/MMRV-MSD, and (D) V-GSK/MMRV-GSK. Costs were reported in 2022 Euros. Costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) were discounted 3% annually. Under strategy A, the three regions with the lowest first-dose VCR reported increased varicella cases (+ 34.3%), hospitalizations (+ 20.0%), QALYs lost (+ 5.9%), payer costs (+ 22.2%), and societal costs (+ 14.6%) over the 50-year time-horizon compared to the three regions with highest first-dose VCR. Regions with low first-dose VCR were more sensitive to changes in VCR than high first-dose VCR regions. Results with respect to second-dose VCR were qualitatively similar, although smaller in magnitude. Results were similar across all vaccine strategies.
Segmentation of void defects in X-ray images of chip solder joints based on PCB-DeepLabV3 algorithm
Authors: Kong Defeng , Hu Xinyu , Gong Ziang , Zhang Daode 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDefects within chip solder joints are usually inspected visually for defects using X-ray imaging to obtain images. The phenomenon of voids inside solder joints is one of the most likely types of defects in the soldering process, and accurate detection of voids becomes difficult due to their irregular shapes, varying sizes, and defocused edges. To address this problem, an X-ray void image segmentation algorithm based on improved PCB-DeepLabV3 is proposed. Firstly, to meet the demand for lightweight and easy deployment in industrial scenarios, mobilenetv2 is used as the feature extraction backbone network of the PCB-DeepLabV3 model; then, Attentional multi-scale two-space pyramid pooling network (AMTPNet) is designed to optimize the shallow feature edges and to improve the ability to capture detailed information; finally, image cropping and cleaning methods are designed to enhance the training dataset, and the improved PCB-DeepLabV3 is applied to the training dataset. The improved PCB-DeepLabV3 model is used to segment the void regions within the solder joints and compared with the classical semantic segmentation models such as Unet, SegNet, PSPNet, and DeeplabV3. The proposed new method enables the solder joint void inspection to get rid of the traditional way of visual inspection, realize intelligent upgrading, and effectively improve the problem of difficult segmentation of the target virtual edges, to obtain the inspection results with higher accuracy.
Choosing a camera and optimizing system parameters for speckle contrast optical spectroscopy
Authors: Cheng Tom Y. , Kim Byungchan , Zimmermann Bernhard B. , Robinson Mitchell B. , Renna Marco , Carp Stefan A. , Franceschini Maria Angela , Boas David A. , Cheng Xiaojun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSpeckle contrast optical spectroscopy (SCOS) is an emerging camera-based technique that can measure human cerebral blood flow (CBF) with high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). At low photon flux levels typically encountered in human CBF measurements, camera noise and nonidealities could significantly impact SCOS measurement SNR and accuracy. Thus, a guide for characterizing, selecting, and optimizing a camera for SCOS measurements is crucial for the development of next-generation optical devices for monitoring human CBF and brain function. Here, we provide such a guide and illustrate it by evaluating three commercially available complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor cameras, considering a variety of factors including linearity, read noise, and quantization distortion. We show that some cameras that are well-suited for general intensity imaging could be challenged in accurately quantifying spatial contrast for SCOS. We then determine the optimal operating parameters for the preferred camera among the three and demonstrate measurement of human CBF with this selected low-cost camera. This work establishes a guideline for characterizing and selecting cameras as well as for determining optimal parameters for SCOS systems.
Gut microbiota promoting propionic acid production accompanies caloric restriction-induced intentional weight loss in cats
Authors: Rowe J. C. , Winston J. A. , Parker V. J. , McCool K. E. , Suchodolski J. S. , Lopes R. , Steiner J. M. , Gilor C. , Rudinsky A. J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRodent models and human clinical studies have shown gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) play roles in obesity and insulin resistance. These roles have been minimally explored in cats, where in the USA an estimated 60% of cats are overweight or obese. Overweight/obese research cats (n = 7) were transitioned from a maintenance diet to a reduced calorie diet fed ad libitum for 7 days, then calories were restricted to achieve 1–2% weight loss per week for an additional 77 days. Cats then received their original maintenance diet again for 14 days. Significant intentional weight loss was noted after calorie restriction (adjusted p < 0.0001). 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and targeted SCFA metabolomics were performed on fecal samples. Fecal microbial community structure significantly differed between the four study phases (PERMANOVA p = 0.011). Fecal propionic acid was significantly higher during caloric restriction-induced weight loss (adjusted p < 0.05). Repeated measures correlation revealed the relative abundances of Prevotella 9 copri (correlation coefficient = 0.532, 95% CI (0.275, 0.717), p = 0.0002) significantly correlated with propionic acid composition. Like humans, obese cats experienced an altered microbial community structure and function, favoring propionic acid production, during caloric restriction-induced weight loss.
Precise dating of large flank collapses by single-grain 40Ar/39Ar on pyroclastic deposits from the example of Flores Island (Azores)
Authors: Hildenbrand A. , Marques F. O. , Pereira A. , Nomade S. , Hevia-Cruz F. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLarge-scale flank collapses are one of the main hazards associated with the evolution of volcanic islands. Precisely dating such events is critical to evaluate the frequency of destabilization episodes and further assess the triggering mechanism(s) associated with internal and/or external factors, such as volcano dynamics, regional tectonics, and global paleoclimatic changes. Here, we constrain the age of a pumice-rich pyroclastic deposit exposed on the eastern flank of Flores Island (Azores), which we interpret as a co-blast deposit generated by a major flank collapse that destroyed the whole western flank of the former volcanic edifice. Twelve single-grain 40Ar/39Ar analyses, performed on 250–500 µm anorthoclase feldspars (mean K/Ca close to 5) with our high-sensitivity multi-collector NGX mass spectrometer, provide a robust weighted mean age of 1.32 ± 0.01 Ma for this eruption. This new age is consistent with previous K/Ar data bracketing the flank collapse between 1.30 ± 0.04 and 1.18 ± 0.09 Ma, and indicates that this event occurred at the end of the main construction phase of the volcano. The explosion produced pumice-rich layers preceded by a lahar as attested by a polygenetic mudflow deposit underlying the dated deposit. From the geochemistry of lavas erupted just before and after the collapse, we speculate upon the possible role of magmatic processes on flank destabilization. We propose a first hypothesis where differentiation in a shallow magma reservoir could have favored edifice inflation, ground shaking, and flank failure, triggering a decompression-induced violent eruption. Overall, our study shows that high-sensitivity mass spectrometers have now reached analytical performances allowing to measure precisely and accurately ages on relatively small and moderately K-rich single feldspars, which is of the utmost importance for dating heterogeneous blasts and tephra deposits that may have been induced by large-scale flank collapses during the late Quaternary.
Axial compression performance of partially encased concrete columns with web opening
Authors: Liang Jiongfeng , Wang Yunchen , Zou Wanjie , Wang Caisen , Li Wei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe objective of this study is to comprehensively assess the behavior of partially encased concrete (PEC) columns with web openings under axial compression. The primary objectives of this study are to analyze damage patterns and investigate the influence of key parameters, such as concrete strength, opening rate, and opening shape, on the ductility index and ultimate load-carrying capacity. The study employs experimental testing to examine the response of the PEC columns, with a particular focus on the mechanisms of concrete fracture and flange flexing. Notably, the study reveals a significant impact of the opening rate on the bearing capacity, while the effect of opening shape is comparatively minor. Furthermore, computational analyses are conducted to deepen the understanding of structural behavior. The study builds upon existing research to propose a novel method for calculating the bearing capacity of PEC columns with web openings. This method introduces two discount factors to enhance predictive accuracy.
Long-term exposure to PM2.5 leads to mitochondrial damage and differential expression of associated circRNA in rat hepatocytes
Authors: Liu Ying , Li Jing , Xiong Yican , Tan Chaochao , Li Cunyan , Cao Youde , Xie Wanying , Deng Zhonghua 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFine particulate matter (PM2.5) is one of the four major causes of mortality globally. The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanism underlying liver injury following exposure to PM2.5and the involvement of circRNA in its regulation. A PM2.5respiratory tract exposure model was established in SPF SD male rats with a dose of 20 mg/kg, and liver tissue of rats in control group and PM2.5-exposed groups rats were detected. The results of ICP-MS showed that Mn, Cu and Ni were enriched in the liver. HE staining showed significant pathological changes in liver tissues of PM2.5-exposed group, transmission electron microscopy showed significant changes in mitochondrial structure of liver cells, and further mitochondrial function detection showed that the PM2.5exposure resulted in an increase in cell reactive oxygen species content and a decrease in mitochondrial transmembrane potential, while the expression of SOD1 and HO-1 antioxidant oxidase genes was upregulated. Through high-throughput sequencing of circRNAs, we observed a significant down-regulation of 10 and an up-regulation of 17 circRNAs in the PM2.5-exposed groups. The functional enrichment and pathway analyses indicated that the differentially expressed circRNAs by PM2.5exposure were primarily associated with processes related to protein ubiquitination, zinc ion binding, peroxisome function, and mitochondrial regulation. These findings suggest that the mechanism underlying liver injury induced by PM2.5-exposure may be associated with mitochondrial impairment resulting from the presence of heavy metal constituents. Therefore, this study provides a novel theoretical foundation for investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying liver injury induced by PM2.5exposure.