bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Better medication management for Aboriginal people with mental health disorders: a survey of providers
Authors: Kowanko Inge , de Crespigny Charlotte , Murray Helen , Groenkjaer Mette , Emden Carolyn 
Published: August 2010

Objective: To explore the experiences and training needs of service providers in relation to medication management for Aboriginal people with mental health disorders.Design: SurveySetting: Aboriginal and mainstream health and human service organisations in metropolitan, rural and remote South Australia.Subjects: Aboriginal health workers, nurses, mental health workers, substance misuse workers, managers, liaison officers, social workers, police, pharmacists, general practitioners, community workers, counsellors, paramedics, educators, family support workers and others.Results: The major health service issues for Aboriginal people with mental health disorders and their carers are related to access to, and availability and appropriateness of services. Quality use of medications by Aboriginal clients is influenced by drug and alcohol misuse, cost, compliance, feelings about the value of medicines, sharing of medications and unwanted side‐effects. Many workers providing services to Aboriginal people with mental health disorders lack adequate training and/or resources on mental health and safe medication management; yet, are required to provide advice or assistance on these matters.Conclusions: The survey provides new, reliable evidence relevant to mental health services and medication management for South Australian Aboriginal people. It highlights the major issues impacting on quality of care and service provision, demonstrates the wide range of health and allied workers providing medication advice and assistance to Aboriginal people, and reveals workforce development needs.
New Zealand rural primary health care workforce in 2005: More than just a doctor shortage
Authors: Goodyear‐Smith Felicity , Janes Ron 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjective:  To obtain a 2005 snapshot of New Zealand (NZ) rural primary health care workforce, specifically GPs, general practice nurses and community pharmacists. Design:  Postal questionnaires, November 2005. Setting:  NZ‐wide rural general practices and community pharmacies. Participants:  Rural general practice managers, GPs, nurses, community pharmacy managers and pharmacists. Main outcome measures:  Self‐reported data: demographics, country of training, years in practice, business ownership, hours worked including on‐call, intention to leave rural practice. Results:  General practices: response rate 95% (206/217); 70% GP‐owned, practice size ranged from one GP/one nurse to 12 GPs/nine nurses. Pharmacies:  Response rate 90% (147/163). Majority had one (33%) or two (32%) pharmacists; <10% had more than three pharmacists. GPs: response rate 64% (358/559), 71% male, 73% aged >40, 61% full‐time, 79% provide on‐call, 57% overseas‐trained, 78% male and 57% female GPs aged >40; more full‐time male GPs (76%) than female (37%) . Nurses: response rate 65% (445/685), 97% female, 72% aged >40, 31% full‐time, 28% provide on‐call, 84% NZ‐trained, 45% consulted independently in ‘nurse‐clinics’ within practice setting. Pharmacists: response rate 96% (248/258), 52% male, 66% aged >40, 71% full‐time, 33% provide on‐call, 92% NZ‐trained, 55% sole/partner pharmacy owners. Many intend to leave NZ rural practice within 5 years: GPs (34%), nurses (25%) and pharmacists (47%).Conclusion:  This is the first NZ‐wide rural workforce survey to include a range of rural primary health care providers (GPs, nurses and pharmacists). Ageing rural primary health care workforce and intentions to leave herald worsening workforce shortages.
ADMINISTRATION OF EXOGENOUS ERYTHROPOIETIN β AFFECTS LIPID PEROXIDATION AND SERUM PARAOXONASE‐1 ACTIVITY AND CONCENTRATION IN PREDIALYSIS PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC RENAL DISEASE AND ANAEMIA
Authors: Marsillach Judit , Martínez‐Vea Albert , Marcas Luis , Mackness Bharti , Mackness Michael , Ferré Natàlia , Joven Jorge , Camps Jordi 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARY

Patients with advanced chronic renal disease and anaemia have decreased serum paraoxonase‐1 (PON1) activity and an increased degree of oxidative stress compared with normal subjects. The present study investigated the effects of treatment of anaemia with exogenous recombinant erythropoietin (EPO) β and iron on levels of antibodies against oxidized low‐density lipoproteins (ox‐LDL), as well as on serum PON1 activity and concentration, in predialysis patients with chronic renal disease.
Forty‐nine patients with chronic renal failure and haemoglobin (Hb) < 11 g/dL were treated over a period of 6 months with EPOβ (80–120 U/kg per week, s.c.) and variable doses of iron. Selected biochemical variables were determined before and after treatment.
Treatment with EPOβ and iron was associated with a significant increase in mean (±SD) blood Hb concentration compared with pretreatment values (12.8 ± 1.5 vs 9.9 ± 0.6 g/dL, respectively; P < 0.001). The average dose of EPOβ was 6160 ± 3000 U/week. After 6 months of treatment, compared with pretreatment values, the median levels (95% confidence intervals) of antibodies against ox‐LDL were decreased (17.5 (10.6–24.4) vs 24.8 (11.5–38.1) U/mL, respectively; P < 0.001), serum PON1 activity was slightly but significantly increased (123.6 (76.1–343.6) vs 101.0 (50.0–332.5) U/L, respectively; P = 0.016) and the concentration of PON1 was significantly decreased (37.3 (11.8–76.2) vs 46.7 (24.6–98.0) mg/L, respectively; P < 0.001). There were no significant changes in total cholesterol, triglycerides or cholesterol fraction concentrations before and after treatment.
We suggest that EPOβ and iron treatment of anaemia promotes significant changes in serum PON1 activity and concentration and has a beneficial effect on oxidative stress in predialysis patients with chronic renal disease.
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PATHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CARDIAC HYPERTROPHY: NOVEL THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES TO TREAT HEART FAILURE
Authors: McMullen Julie R , Jennings Garry L 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARY

In general, cardiac hypertrophy (an increase in heart mass) is a poor prognostic sign. Cardiac enlargement is a characteristic of most forms of heart failure. Cardiac hypertrophy that occurs in athletes (physiological hypertrophy) is a notable exception.
Physiological cardiac hypertrophy in response to exercise training differs in its structural and molecular profile to pathological hypertrophy associated with pressure or volume overload in disease. Physiological hypertrophy is characterized by normal organization of cardiac structure and normal or enhanced cardiac function, whereas pathological hypertrophy is commonly associated with upregulation of fetal genes, fibrosis, cardiac dysfunction and increased mortality.
It is now clear that several signalling molecules play unique roles in the regulation of pathological and physiological cardiac hypertrophy.
The present review discusses the possibility of targeting cardioprotective signalling pathways and genes activated in the athlete's heart to treat or prevent heart failure.
Crustal structure in and around the region of the 1995 Kobe Earthquake deduced from a wide‐angle and refraction seismic exploration
Authors: Ohmura Takeshi , Moriya Takeo , Piao Chengshi , Iwasaki Takaya , Yoshi Toshikastu , Sakai Shin'ichi , Takeda Tetsuya , Miyashita Kaoru , Yamazaki Humihito , Ito Kiyoshi , Yamazaki Akira , Shimada Yoji , Tashiro Katsuya , Miyamachi Hiroki 
Published: August 2010

Abstract The 1995 Kobe (Hyogo‐ken Nanbu) earthquake (MJMA 7.2, Mw 6.9) occurred on Jan. 17, 1995, at a depth of 17 km, beneath the areas of southern part of Hyogo prefecture and Awaji Island. To investigate P‐wave velocity distribution and seismological characteristics in the aftershock area of this great earthquake, a wide‐angle and refraction seismic exploration was carried out by the Research Group for Explosion Seismology (RGES). The profile including 6 shot points and 205 observations was 135 km in length, extending from Keihoku, Northern Kyoto prefecture, through Kobe, to Seidan on Awaji Island. The charge of each shot was 350–700 kg. The P‐wave velocity structure model showed a complicated sedimentary layer which is shallower than 2.5 km, a 2.5 km‐thick basement layer whose velocity is 5.5 km/s, overlying the crystalline upper crust, and the boundary between the upper and lower crust.Almost all aftershock hypocenters were located in the upper crust. However, the structure model suggests that the hypocenters of the main shock and some aftershock clusters were situated deeper than the boundary between the upper and lower crust. We found that the P‐velocity in the upper crust beneath the northern part of Awaji Island is 5.64 km/s which is 3% lower than that of the surrounding area. The low‐velocity zone coincides with the region where the high stress moment release was observed.
‘Thailand was a desert' during the mid‐Cretaceous: Equatorward shift of the subtropical high‐pressure belt indicated by eolian deposits (Phu Thok Formation) in the Khorat Basin, northeastern Thailand
Authors: Hasegawa Hitoshi , Imsamut Suvapak , Charusiri Punya , Tada Ryuji , Horiuchi Yu , Hisada Ken‐Ichiro 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe Tibetan Plateau is a key factor in controlling the present‐day climate and atmospheric circulation pattern in Asia. The pattern of atmospheric circulation after the uplift of the plateau is well known, whereas direct evidence is lacking regarding the nature of the circulation pattern prior to the uplift. The distribution of desert directly reflects the position of the subtropical high‐pressure belt, and the prevailing surface‐wind pattern recorded in desert deposits reveals the position of its divergence axis. Cretaceous eolian sandstone of the Phu Thok Formation is extensively exposed in the northern Khorat Basin, northeastern Thailand. We conducted a sedimentological study on this formation to reconstruct temporal changes in the latitude of the subtropical high‐pressure belt in low‐latitude Asia during the Cretaceous. Spatio‐temporal changes in the paleo‐wind directions recorded in the Phu Thok Formation reveal that the Khorat Basin mainly belonged to the northeast trade wind belt and subtropical high‐pressure belt was situated to the north of the Khorat Basin during the initial stages of deposition, shifted southward to immediately above the basin during the main phase of deposition, and then shifted northward again to the north of the basin during the final stages of deposition. The paleomagnetic polarity sequence obtained for the Phu Thok Formation comprises three zones of normal polarity and two of reversed polarity, correlating to chrons M1n to C34n of the geomagnetic polarity time scale. This result suggests that the Phu Thok Formation is mid‐Cretaceous in age (from c. 126 Ma to c. 99–93 Ma), similar to the age of eolian sandstone in the Sichuan Basin, southern China (the Jiaguan Formation). These results, in combination with paleo‐wind direction data, suggest the development of low‐latitude desert and an equatorward shift of the subtropical high‐pressure belt (relative to the present‐day) in Asia during the mid‐Cretaceous.
Use of multidetector computed tomography for evaluating coronary artery disease in patients undergoing dialysis
Authors: PARK MOO YONG , CHOI SOO JEONG , KIM JIN KUK , HWANG SEUNG DUK , SUH JON , SEO HYE SUN , KIM DONG HUN 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTAim:  Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death in patients undergoing dialysis. The accuracy of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) for detecting coronary disease has not been determined, and little information is available regarding the performance of MDCT in patients undergoing dialysis.Methods:  Twenty‐nine patients undergoing dialysis were analyzed and MDCT and coronary angiography (CAng) were performed consecutively. The coronary arteries were divided into four segments for analysis. We compared the significant stenosis lesions (≥50% luminal narrowing) identified by MDCT with those found by CAng. The total coronary artery calcium (CAC) score was determined by summing the individual lesion scores from each of the coronary branches.Results:  One hundred and sixteen coronary artery branches in 29 patients were analyzed. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of MDCT for detecting significant coronary artery stenosis (≥50% stenosis) were 68%, 94%, 71% and 93%, respectively. The CAC scores were significantly higher in subjects with coronary artery disease (CAD) (514.0 ± 493.6 vs 254.3 ± 375.3, P = 0.05). The severe CAC score (>500) was related to the presence of significant CAD (P = 0.05) and the sensitivity and specificity for detecting significant CAD were 50% and 80%, respectively.Conclusion:  MDCT is a useful and non‐invasive approach for detecting or excluding CAD in patients undergoing dialysis.
The Narcissism and Death of Yukio Mishima –From the Object Relational Point of View–
Authors: Ushijima Sadanobu 
Published: August 2010

Abstract: The author discussed the life and work of Yukio Mishima from the object relational point of view. First, he described his brief life history, pointing out the four big identity crises in his life as his fierce struggles against the suicidal wishes were likely to enlarge within himself.Then, he suggested that Mishima had been in the state of part object relationship throughout his life. Thirdly, the important ro'e of the body or bodies in his fantastic and real life was discussed as a manifestation of not merely autoerotic activities but also disturbances of the core of identity. Finally, the fragility of the intermediate area of experience which was thought to have eventually led him to the last action, the seppuku, was examined.
A Case of Chronic Subdural Hematoma with Anxiety States and Concomitant Regression‐Like Symptoms
Authors: Sato Takeshi , Takeichi Masashi 
Published: August 2010

Abstract: The authors described an epileptic suffering from head trauma in whom anxiety states and concomitant regression‐like symptoms masked the diagnosis of chronic subdural hematoma. Along with the occurrence of chronic subdural hematoma, psychic symptoms were manifested including the anxiety and regression of personality. However, after the chronic subdural hematoma was neurosurgically evacuated, these psychic symptoms gradually disappeared.In the study of organic and symptomatic psychosis, Mackenzie and Popkin (1983) have proposed the concept of an organic anxiety syndrome on the ground that DSM‐III provides no organic equivalent for anxiety disorders. Therefore, we presented a case of chronic subdural hematoma in which the direct effect on CNS of this pathological condition was considered to bring about the above‐mentioned anxiety disorders with regression‐like symptoms.
Noradrenergic Function and the Dexamethasone Suppression Test in Depression
Authors: Morinobu Shigeru , Satoh Hiroshi , Endoh Masao , Totsuka Shirou 
Published: August 2010

Abstract: We measured the plasma free 3‐methoxy‐4‐hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) levels and the serum Cortisol levels before and after the oral administration of dexamethasone.There was a significant positive correlation between the plasma MHPG levels and postdexamethasone Cortisol levels in patients with major depression. This indicates that there exists a certain relation between abnormalities of the central noradrenergic systems and hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis in patients with major depression.
Wilson's Disease with Extensive Degeneration of Cerebral White Matter and Cortex
Authors: Shimoji Akitomo , Miyakawa Taihei , Watanabe Kenjiro , Yamashita Kensyo , Katsuragi Shoichi , Kabashima Keikichi 
Published: August 2010

Abstract: This is a report of an autopsy case of Wilson's disease with widespread degeneration of the cerebral cortex and white matter, the basal ganglia and thalamus and, to a lesser degree, the cerebellum and brain stem. The patient was a 28‐year‐old man at the time of death with the clinical course of a 20‐year duration.The lesions consisted of spongy degeneration leading to a cavity formation with insufficient glia fiber proliferation. We noted the characteristic findings of Alzheimer glia (Types I and II) and Opalski cells and the new formation in capillaries.The distribution of the changes in the hemispheres showed the typical pattern with a tendency of preferential superior and anterior localization and a relative preservation of the hippocampal formation, carcarine areas, amygdaloid nuclei and the hypothalamus.Similar cases in the literature were reviewed.
Lp(a) Lipoprotein in Cerebrovascular Disease and Dementia
Authors: Urakami Katsuya , Mura Tetsuo , Takahashi Kazuro 
Published: August 2010

Abstract: Lp(a) lipoprotein has been considered an independent risk factor in the development of coronary heart disease (CHD). We examined the role of Lp(a) in patients with cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and those with dementia.The Lp(a) concentration in patients with CHD, those with cerebral infarction due to a large artery occlusion and those with vascular dementia (VD) was significantly higher than that of age‐matched control subjects. However, the Lp(a) concentration was not high in cerebral infarction due to a small artery occlusion, intracerebral hemorrhage and dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT).The present results suggest that Lp(a) should cause VD as well as CVD, and that Lp(a) should be one of the indicators that distinguish VD from DAT.
Development of 2‐hour suicide intervention program among medical residents: First pilot trial
Authors: Kato Takahiro A. , Suzuki Yuriko , Sato Ryoko , Fujisawa Daisuke , Uehara Kumi , Hashimoto Naoki , Sawayama Yasunori , Hayashi Jun , Kanba Shigenobu , Otsuka Kotaro 
Published: August 2010

Aim:  Suicide is associated not only with primary psychiatric disorders but also with physical disorders. Physicians' education on suicide prevention contributes to reducing suicide. Therefore, medical residents, who contact patients daily and who eventually become primary physicians in each specialty, might be the most appropriate candidates for intervention. In this article, we introduce our newly developed suicide intervention program among medical residents.Methods:  We developed a 2‐hour suicide intervention program among medical residents, based on the Mental Health First Aid (MHFA), which had originally been developed for the public. The program contains a 1‐hour lecture and a 1‐hour role‐play session. As the first pilot trial, we conducted the program among 44 first‐year medical residents at a university hospital and evaluated its effectiveness. Changes in confidence, attitudes and behavior toward suicidal people were evaluated using self‐reported questionnaires before, immediately after, and 6 months after the program.Results:  Participants' confidence and attitudes significantly improved after the program. The total mean score (standard deviation) of the Suicide Intervention Response Inventory improved from 18.4 (2.0) before the intervention to 19.4 (2.0) immediately after the intervention. However, the effectiveness was limited after 6 months. In the course of 6 months, the participants learned to apply the MHFA principles in their daily clinical practice.Conclusion:  Our newly developed brief suicide intervention program demonstrating its effectiveness among medical residents should be modified in order to be more effective in the long term. The next trial with a control group ought to be conducted to evaluate our developed program.
Psychiatric comorbidity among patients with gender identity disorder
Authors: Hoshiai Masahiko , Matsumoto Yosuke , Sato Toshiki , Ohnishi Masaru , Okabe Nobuyuki , Kishimoto Yuki , Terada Seishi , Kuroda Shigetoshi 
Published: August 2010

Aims:  Psychiatric comorbidity and mental instability seem to be important unfavorable prognostic factors for long‐term psychosocial adjustment in gender identity disorder (GID). However, psychiatric comorbidity in patients with GID has rarely been assessed. In this study, we investigated the psychiatric comorbidity and life events of patients with GID in Japan.Methods:  A total of 603 consecutive patients were evaluated independently by at least two senior psychiatrists at the GID clinic using clinical information and results of examinations.Results:  Using DSM‐IV criteria, 579 patients (96.0%) were diagnosed with GID. Among the GID patients, 349 (60.3%) were the female‐to‐male (FTM) type, and 230 (39.7%) were the male‐to‐female (MTF) type. Current psychiatric comorbidity was 19.1% (44/230) among MTF patients and 12.0% (42/349) among FTM patients. The lifetime positive history of suicidal ideation and self mutilation was 76.1% and 31.7% among MTF patients, and 71.9% and 32.7% among FTM patients. Among current psychiatric diagnoses, adjustment disorder (6.7%, 38/579) and anxiety disorder (3.6%, 21/579) were relatively frequent. Mood disorder was the third most frequent (1.4%, 8/579).Conclusions:  Comparison with previous reports on the psychiatric comorbidity among GID patients revealed that the majority of GID patients had no psychiatric comorbidity. GID is a diagnostic entity in its own right, not necessarily associated with severe comorbid psychological findings.
Regional cerebral blood flow in patients with orally localized somatoform pain disorder: a single photon emission computed tomography study
Authors: Karibe Hiroyuki , Arakawa Ryosuke , Tateno Amane , Mizumura Sunao , Okada Tomoo , Ishii Takashi , Oshima Katsuo , Ohtsu Mitsuhiro , Hasegawa Isao , Okubo Yoshiro 
Published: August 2010

Aim:  Somatoform pain disorder is characterized by persistent and chronic pain at one or more sites without an associated general medical condition and in which psychological factors are thought to play a role. This study aimed to investigate the pathological features of somatoform pain disorder localized to the oral region by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).Methods:  Ten patients (nine females and one male; average age 55.0 ± 14.4 years) having somatoform pain disorder with oral symptoms participated. SPECT was performed using N‐isopropyl‐4‐[123I] iodoamphetamine intravenous injections, and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was assessed by three‐dimensional stereotactic surface projections. We also selected 12 healthy individuals (seven females and five males; average age 61.8 ± 13.2 years) to act as controls.Results:  Both the patient and control groups showed no atrophy or infarction on CT or magnetic resonance imaging. The patient group showed higher rCBF in the subcortical area, especially in the thalamus and cingulate gyri, than the control group. In contrast, the patient group showed lower rCBF in the bilateral frontal and occipital lobes as well as in the left temporal lobe.Conclusions:  These results suggest that the biological process involved in somatoform pain disorder of the oral region is characterized by changes in limbic and cortical functions. The finding that somatoform pain disorder with oral symptoms is associated with brain functional changes will help to develop treatment regimes for this disorder and clarify the underlying pathology.