bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐Term 8‐Year Outcomes of Coronally Advanced Flap for Root Coverage
Authors: Pini‐Prato Giovanpaolo , Franceschi Debora , Rotundo Roberto , Cairo Francesco , Cortellini Pierpaolo , Nieri Michele 
Published: October 2011

Background: This long‐term 8‐year case series study aims at evaluating the results of the outcomes of coronally advanced flap (CAF) procedures performed for the treatment of single gingival recessions (GRs).Methods: Sixty patients with single maxillary GRs ≥2 mm, without loss of interproximal soft and hard tissue, treated with the CAF procedure and evaluated at 6 months in a previously published article, were followed for 8 years. Complete root coverage, recession reduction, and amount of keratinized tissue (KT) were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the paired t test, McNemar test, and a general linear model.Results: Three patients dropped out during the course of 8 years. Recession reduction from baseline to 8 years was 2.3 ± 1.1 mm; P <0.0001, whereas GRs increased in 53% of the sites from 6 months to 8 years (0.5 ± 0.7 mm; P <0.0001). The percentage of sites with complete root coverage decreased from 55% at 6 months to 35% at 8 years (P = 0.0047). The amount of KT tended to decrease from baseline to 8 years (0.6 ± 0.8 mm; P <0.0001). The general linear model shows that recession reduction is associated with both baseline recession depth and with the amount of initial KT. Sex, age, and smoking are not associated with recession reduction at 8 years.Conclusions: The CAF procedure is effective in the treatment of GRs However, recession relapse and reduction of KT occurred during the follow‐up period. The baseline width of KT is a predictive factor for recession reduction when using the CAF technique.
Serum Level of Endogenous Secretory Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products and Other Factors in Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Chen Gang , Cai Liangchun , Chen Bin , Liang Jixing , Lin Fenhui , Li Liantao , Lin Lixiang , Yao Jin , Wen Junping , Huang Huibin 
Published: October 2011

OBJECTIVE
Determine the serum levels of endogenous secretory receptor for advanced glycation end products (esRAGEs) in patients with type 2 diabetes and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and in control patients with type 2 diabetes but no MCI, and examine the relationship of esRAGE and MCI with other clinical factors.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A total of 101 patients with type 2 diabetes who were hospitalized in the Department of Endocrinology at Fujian Provincial Hospital between January 2010 and January 2011 were enrolled. There were 58 patients with MCI and 43 patients without MCI (control). Serum levels of esRAGE were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Other clinical parameters were also measured.

RESULTS
Type 2 diabetic patients with MCI had a longer duration of diabetes; elevated HbA1c, total cholesterol (CHOL), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), intima-media thickness, C-reactive protein (CRP), and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (ba-PWV); and lower ankle brachial index (ABI) and esRAGE relative to the control group. Among patients with MCI, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score was positively correlated with serum esRAGE but negatively correlated with CHOL. Spearman rank correlation analysis indicated that esRAGE was positively correlated with MoCA score and ABI but negatively correlated with ba-PWV, CHOL, TG, and CRP in all subjects.

CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest that esRAGE may be a potential protective factor for dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, and MCI in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Serum Uric Acid and 1-h Postload Glucose in Essential Hypertension
Authors: Perticone Francesco , Sciacqua Angela , Perticone Maria , Arturi Franco , Scarpino Paola Elisa , Quero Michele , Sesti Giorgio 
Published: October 2011

OBJECTIVE
Subjects who are normal glucose tolerant (NGT) are considered at low risk, even if a plasma glucose value ≥155 mg/dL for the 1-h postload plasma glucose during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is able to identify NGT subjects at high risk for type 2 diabetes and subclinical organ damage. Hyperuricemia is associated with several risk factors for cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, insulin resistance, and diabetes. However, it is unknown whether uric acid (UA) is able to affect 1-h postload plasma glucose in hypertensive NGT subjects.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
From a cohort of ∼1,200 uncomplicated hypertensive outpatients who underwent OGTT, we selected 955 subjects (548 men and 407 women) aged 45.6 ± 10.1 years. Laboratory evaluations were performed, and estimated glomerular filtration rate was assessed by using the new equation proposed by investigators in the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration.

RESULTS
Considering different stepwise multivariate linear regression models, UA was the major predictor of 1-h postload glucose in the entire population, with NGT ≥155 subjects, impaired glucose tolerant, and type 2 diabetic patients accounting for 26.0% (P &lt; 0.0001), 25.3% (P &lt; 0.0001), 13.5% (P &lt; 0.0001), and 13.5% (P = 0.003) of its variation in the respective models.

CONCLUSIONS
We documented that in hypertensive NGT ≥155 subjects, UA is strongly associated with 1-h postload glucose, similarly to what is observed in impaired glucose tolerant and diabetic patients.
Artificial Intelligence in Knowledge Management: Overview and Trends
Authors: Birzniece Ilze 
Published: October 2011

Artificial Intelligence in Knowledge Management: Overview and TrendsArtificial intelligence techniques offer powerful tools for the development of knowledge management systems. Since the early 2000s, no survey describing the use of artificial intelligence capabilities in knowledge management tasks has been conducted. This paper gathers and organizes latest achievements of artificial intelligence in dealing with knowledge management issues. Accomplishment of previously set objectives in this field has been studied.
Towards Open Graphical Tool-Building Framework
Authors: Rencis Edgars , Barzdins Janis , Kozlovics Sergejs 
Published: October 2011

Towards Open Graphical Tool-Building Framework
Nowadays, there are many frameworks for developing domain-specific tools. However, if we want to create a really sophisticated tool with specific functionality requirements, it is not always an easy task to do. Although tool-building platforms offer some means for extending the tool functionality and accessing it from external applications, it usually requires a deep understanding of various technical implementation details. In this paper we try to go one step closer to a really open graphical tool-building framework that would allow both to change the behavior of the tool and to access the tool from the outside easily. We start by defining a specialization of metamodels which is a great and powerful facility itself. Then we go on and show how this can be applied in the field of graphical domain-specific tool building. The approach is demonstrated on an example of a subset of UML activity diagrams. The benefits of the approach are also clearly indicated. These include a natural and intuitive definition of tools, a strict logic/presentation separation and the openness for extensions as well as for external applications.
ICT Supporting Daily Physical Activity - with Special Reference to Pedometers in the Step-Shape Project
Authors: Koskivaara Eija , Laukkanen Raija , Heinonen Olli 
Published: October 2011

ICT Supporting Daily Physical Activity - with Special Reference to Pedometers in the Step-Shape ProjectPhysical inactivity (PA) is one of the leading risks for mortality worldwide. One of future main drivers for physical activity could be information and communication technology gadgets and services that support active way of living. This study focuses on investigating and understanding how individuals use pedometers to support their physical activity and what their end-user experience is. In addition to individual scope, this is also important both for information society and healthcare organizations. They urgently require new approaches and tools to reshape their customers' inactive lifestyle. Data for this study was collected with semi-structured questionnaire from subjects who used pedometers for a three month period and reported the daily step. The participants increased their PA during the project and most of them also informed on their intention to continue the more active lifestyle. The pedometer and the developed step collection table were easy to use and useful in supporting PA. ICT will inevitably play a major role in promotion of physically active lifestyle.
Evaluation of Adaptive Measures to Reduce Climate Change Impact on Soil Organic Carbon Stock In Žitný Ostrov Region
Authors: Takáč Jozef , Šiška Bernard , Píš Vladimír 
Published: October 2011

Evaluation of Adaptive Measures to Reduce Climate Change Impact on Soil Organic Carbon Stock In Žitný Ostrov RegionClimate change impacts on soil organic carbon sequestration rate were simulated by agroecological model DAISY. Daily meteorological data for the Danubian Lowland up to 2100 were generated according to emission scenarios SRES A2 and B1 using general circulation model CGCM3.1. Effect of gradual increase of CO2concentration in the atmosphere was taken into account. Various crop rotations as well as various management practices including irrigation and crop residuals incorporation were considered in three variants: i/ rainfed, residuals not incorporated, ii/ irrigated, residuals not incorporated, iii/ summer crops irrigated and residuals incorporated. Modelling outputs confirm that conventional rainfed agro-technical practices without incorporation of crop residues resulted to significant loss of soil organic carbon in soil profile towards more distanced time slices. The irrigation and the incorporation of crop residuals including stems and leaves can reduce soil organic carbon losses. If it is combined with proper crop rotation the soil organic carbon stock in soil profile can even increase.
Contamination of Wheat Grains with Species of Genera Fusarium in Different Localities of Slovakia in 2006-2008
Authors: Šudyová Valéria , Šliková Svetlana 
Published: October 2011

Contamination of Wheat Grains with Species of GeneraFusariumin Different Localities of Slovakia in 2006-2008The frequency and relative density of occurrence ofFusariumspp. was evaluated on 112 wheat grain samples from different agro-ecological localities in Slovakia. The samples were collected in 2006, 2007 and 2008 from the same farmers and from the same localities every year immediately after harvest. In 2006, contamination was 95.2%, in 2007 it was 64.3%, and 71.4% in 2008. The highest average frequency of occurrence was found inFusarium graminearumin 2006 - 65%. The prevalence ofFusarium poaewas ascertained in 2007 and 2008. The highest frequency ofFusariumspp. occurrence was revealed in locality Turčiansky Ďur in 2008 - 53.9%. The highest identified amount ofFusariumspecies (12) was from the area of Turčiansky Ďur in 2007.Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium sporotrichioides, Fusarium poaeandFusarium oxysporumwere the most frequent in 2006, whileFusarium poae, Fusarium sporotrichioides, Fusarium graminearumandFusarium semitectumdominated in 2007.Fusarium poaedominated in 2008, then followedFusarium sporotrichioides, Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium oxysporumandFusarium avenaceum. Other identified species, such asFusarium equiseti, Fusarium tricinctumandMicrodochium nivale, were in population structure in a relatively low density. Grains contaminated withFusariumspp. are unsuitable for both human and animal consumption because of the adverse health effects of fusariotoxins.
Experimental study of phase equilibria in the “SnO2” – CaO – SiO2 system in air
Authors: Xu X. , Hayes P. C. , Jak E. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Experimental studies have been conducted to determine the primary phases and liquidus temperatures in the “SnO2” – CaO – SiO2 system in air between 1693 and 1898 K, using high temperature equilibration and quenching followed by electron probe X-ray microanalysis. The following primary phase fields were identified: CaSiSnO5 (malayaite), Ca3Si2SnO9 (tricalcium tin silicate), CaSiO3 (pseudo-wollastonite), Ca2SiO4 (dicalcium silicate), SiO2 (tridymite and cristobalite), SnO2 (cassiterite) and CaSnO3 (calcium stannate).
Thermodynamic modeling of the Cr – S system
Authors: Waldner Peter , Sitte Werner 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
All known phases of the chromium – sulfur binary system have been taken into consideration within a thorough thermodynamic analysis of phase equilibria and thermodynamic data at 1 bar total pressure over the entire composition range between 25 °C and temperatures above the liquidus. Gibbs energy modeling for ten phases has been performed. A limited set of model quantities were optimized by which the experimental data can be reproduced simultaneously within experimental limits of error. New interpretations of complex phase relations are obtained. The extended modified quasichemical model is applied for the liquid chromium – sulfur phase. The Gibbs energy of high-temperature chromium pyrrhotite solution is described by a two-sublattice model within the framework of the compound energy formalism. The sulfur solubility of solid chromium is modeled using a substitutional approach. The Gibbs energies of six stoichiometric compounds are also modeled. The first internally consistent description of all thermodynamically stable phases known in the literature for the chromium – sulfur system is presented.
Microsatellite primers in luohanguo (Siraitia grosvenorii, Cucurbitaceae), an economically important plant species
Authors: Wang Yaofang , Zhang Qiwei , Lin Yanfang , Li Boling , Tang Shaoqing 
Published: October 2011

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite markers were developed in an economically important plant, Siraitia grosvenorii, to evaluate its genetic diversity.• Methods and Results: Using the combined biotin capture method, 15 microsatellite primer sets were isolated and characterized. All of these markers showed polymorphism, and the number of alleles per locus ranged from two to 12 across 98 individuals from cultivars and a wild population. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.000 to 0.905 and from 0.000 to 0.845, respectively.• Conclusions: These markers will facilitate the breeding and further study of the genetic diversity of S. grosvenorii.
Microsatellite primers for the Pacific Northwest endemic coniferChamaecyparis lawsoniana(Cupressaceae)
Authors: Jennings Tara N. , Knaus Brian J. , Kolpak Scott , Cronn Richard 
Published: October 2011

•Premise of the study:Microsatellite primers were developed for the Pacific Northwest conifer,Chamaecyparis lawsoniana(Cupressaceae), to enhance efficiencies in disease‐resistance breeding and germplasm screening for gene conservation of this rare species.•Methods and Results:Using multiplexed massively parallel Illumina sequencing, we identified over 300000 microsatellite‐containing sequences from 2 million paired‐end microreads. After stringent filtering and primer evaluation, we selected 11 primer pairs and used these to screen variation in four populations ofC. lawsoniana. Loci show between three and 10 repeats per locus, with an average of eight. Screening of these markers in the North American relativeCallitropsis nootkatensisdemonstrated limited marker transferability, but these markers could have utility in Asian species ofChamaecyparis.•Conclusions:These microsatellite primers show high polymorphism and should provide a high level of individual discrimination for paternity analysis in defined pedigrees, and routine screening of wild variation inChamaecyparis lawsoniana.
Indirect Stimulation of Human Vγ2Vδ2 T Cells through Alterations in Isoprenoid Metabolism
Authors: Wang Hong , Sarikonda Ghanashyam , Puan Kia-Joo , Tanaka Yoshimasa , Feng Ju , Giner José-Luis , Cao Rong , Mönkkönen Jukka , Oldfield Eric , Morita Craig T. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Human Vγ2Vδ2 T cells monitor isoprenoid metabolism by recognizing (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate (HMBPP), an intermediate in the 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol-4-phosphate pathway used by microbes, and isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP), an intermediate in the mevalonate pathway used by humans. Aminobisphosphonates and alkylamines indirectly stimulate Vγ2Vδ2 cells by inhibiting farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FDPS) in the mevalonate pathway, thereby increasing IPP/triphosphoric acid 1-adenosin-5′-yl ester 3-(3-methylbut-3-enyl) ester that directly stimulate. In this study, we further characterize stimulation by these compounds and define pathways used by new classes of compounds. Consistent with FDPS inhibition, stimulation of Vγ2Vδ2 cells by aminobisphosphonates and alkylamines was much more sensitive to statin inhibition than stimulation by prenyl pyrophosphates; however, the continuous presence of aminobisphosphonates was toxic for T cells and blocked their proliferation. Aminobisphosphonate stimulation was rapid and prolonged, independent of known Ag-presenting molecules, and resistant to fixation. New classes of stimulatory compounds—mevalonate, the alcohol of HMBPP, and alkenyl phosphonates—likely stimulate differently. Mevalonate, a rate-limiting metabolite, appears to enter cells to increase IPP levels, whereas the alcohol of HMBPP and alkenyl phosphonates are directly recognized. The critical chemical feature of bisphosphonates is the amino moiety, because its loss switched aminobisphosphonates to direct Ags. Transfection of APCs with small interfering RNA downregulating FDPS rendered them stimulatory for Vγ2Vδ2 cells and increased cellular IPP. Small interfering RNAs for isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase functioned similarly. Our results show that a variety of manipulations affecting isoprenoid metabolism lead to stimulation of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells and that pulsing aminobisphosphonates would be more effective for the ex vivo expansion of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells for adoptive cancer immunotherapy.
The Antiviral Immune Response in Mice Devoid of Immunoproteasome Activity
Authors: Basler Michael , Beck Ulrike , Kirk Christopher J. , Groettrup Marcus 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The replacement of the catalytically active proteasome subunits β1, β2, and β5 by the immunoproteasome subunits low molecular mass polypeptide (LMP) 2 (β1i), multicatalytic endopeptidase complex-like–1 (MECL-1) (β2i), and LMP7 (β5i) is required for the production of numerous class I ligands. Hitherto, investigation of the immunoproteasome was confined to the analysis of mice deficient for one or two immunosubunits. In this study, we characterized LMP2−/−/MECL-1−/− double-deficient mice and used the well-defined LMP7-selective inhibitor ONX 0914 in these mice to generate mice lacking the activity of all immunoproteasome subunits. LMP2−/−/MECL-1−/− double-deficient mice had strongly reduced numbers of CD8+ T cells in the spleen. Nevertheless, infection with the lymphocytic choriomeningits virus induced a normal cytotoxic T cell response in these mice, although the T cell response to several class I epitopes was altered. Treatment of LMP2−/−/MECL-1−/− double-deficient mice with the LMP7-selective inhibitor ONX 0914 elicited a strong CTL response in lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-infected mice. Thereby, the TCD8+ response to nucleoprotein 205–212, which is barely detectable in LMP2−/−/MECL-1−/− double-deficient mice, could be reverted to normal levels by LMP7 inhibition. Additional experiments could demonstrate that the increased CTL response to the nucleoprotein 205–212 in mice lacking functional immunoproteasome is due to an altered class I presentation of this epitope. Taken together, to our knowledge, this is the first study investigating viral infection in mice lacking activity of all three immunoproteasome subunits.
Activation of Wnt Signaling Arrests Effector Differentiation in Human Peripheral and Cord Blood-Derived T Lymphocytes
Authors: Muralidharan Sujatha , Hanley Patrick J. , Liu Enli , Chakraborty Rikhia , Bollard Catherine , Shpall Elizabeth , Rooney Cliona , Savoldo Barbara , Rodgers John , Dotti Gianpietro 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays an important role in thymocyte development and T cell migration, but little is known about its role in naive-to-effector differentiation in human peripheral T cells. We show that activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling arrests human peripheral blood and cord blood T lymphocytes in the naive stage and blocks their transition into functional T effector cells. Wnt signaling was induced in polyclonally activated human T cells by treatment either with the glycogen synthase kinase 3β inhibitor TWS119 or the physiological Wnt agonist Wnt-3a, and these T cells preserved a naive CD45RA+CD62L+ phenotype compared with control-activated T cells that progressed to a CD45RO+CD62L− effector phenotype, and this occurred in a TWS119 dose-dependent manner. TWS119-induced Wnt signaling reduced T cell expansion, as a result of a block in cell division, and impaired acquisition of T cell effector function, measured by degranulation and IFN-γ production in response to T cell activation. The block in T cell division may be attributed to the reduced IL-2Rα expression in TWS119-treated T cells that lowers their capacity to use autocrine IL-2 for expansion. Collectively, our data suggest that Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a negative regulator of naive-to-effector T cell differentiation in human T lymphocytes. The arrest in T cell differentiation induced by Wnt signaling might have relevant clinical applications such as to preserve the naive T cell compartment in Ag-specific T cells generated ex vivo for adoptive T cell immunotherapy.
Programming Application Logic for RESTful Services Using XML Technologies
Authors: Davis Cornelia 
Published: October 2011

XRX, XForms on the client, RESTful services and XQuery on the server, introduced a development paradigm that could avoid the use to procedural code in the implementation of RESTful services. With the standardization of XProc, the XML pipelining language, and the availability of several XProc engines, we have an even more powerful mechanism for RESTful services construction. In this paper we briefly introduce an XML REST Framework that allows a developer to define resources and provide an XML-centric implementation. Then the main focus of the paper is on how XQuery, XSLT and XProc together form a powerful set of tools with which RESTful services can be developed, effectively redifining XRX to stand for XForms, RESTful services and XProc on the server. We illustrate the benefits each technology brings to this service construction by incrementally building up a RESTful service for a patient medical records registry.