bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Appropriate use of blood cultures in the emergency department through machine learning (ABC): study protocol for a randomised controlled non-inferiority trial
Authors: van der Zaag Anuschka Y , Bhagirath Sheena C , Boerman Anneroos W , Schinkel Michiel , Paranjape Ketan , Azijli Kaoutar , Ridderikhof Milan L , Lie Mei , Lissenberg-Witte Birgit , Schade Rogier , Wiersinga Joost , de Jonge Robert , Nanayakkara Prabath W B 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionThe liberal use of blood cultures in emergency departments (EDs) leads to low yields and high numbers of false-positive results. False-positive, contaminated cultures are associated with prolonged hospital stays, increased antibiotic usage and even higher hospital mortality rates. This trial aims to investigate whether a recently developed and validated machine learning model for predicting blood culture outcomes can safely and effectively guide clinicians in withholding unnecessary blood culture analysis.Methods and analysisA randomised controlled, non-inferiority trial comparing current practice with a machine learning-guided approach. The primary objective is to determine whether the machine learning based approach is non-inferior to standard practice based on 30-day mortality. Secondary outcomes include hospital length-of stay and hospital admission rates. Other outcomes include model performance and antibiotic usage. Participants will be recruited in the EDs of multiple hospitals in the Netherlands. A total of 7584 participants will be included.Ethics and disseminationPossible participants will receive verbal information and a paper information brochure regarding the trial. They will be given at least 1 hour consideration time before providing informed consent. Research results will be published in peer-reviewed journals. This study has been approved by the Amsterdam University Medical Centers’ local medical ethics review committee (No 22.0567). The study will be conducted in concordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and in accordance with the Medical Research Involving Human Subjects Act, General Data Privacy Regulation and Medical Device Regulation.Trial registration numberNCT06163781.
Mass and width of an unstable particle
Authors: Willenbrock Scott 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe show that the mass and width of an unstable particle are precisely defined by the pole in the complex energy plane, $$\mu = m - (i/2)\Gamma$$

μ
=
m
-
(
i
/
2
)
Γ

, by identifying the width, $$\Gamma$$
Γ
, with the particle’s decay rate and the mass, m, with the oscillatory frequency. We find that the physical Z boson mass lies 26 MeV below its quoted value, while the physical W boson mass lies 20 MeV below. We also clarify the various Breit–Wigner formulae that are used to describe a resonance.
A note on the dynamics of a COVID-19 epidemic model with saturated incidence rate
Authors: Gümüş Mehmet , Türk Kemal 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper aims to study a discrete-time COVID-19 epidemic model with a saturated incidence rate. The basic reproductive number is calculated and the endemic steady state is obtained for the model. The stability of the COVID-19-free steady state (CFSS) of the model is investigated when the basic reproduction number is less than one and the step size h satisfies the exact condition. The theoretical result is also supported with numerical simulations.
Synthesis Techniques for Fault-tolerant Quantum Circuit Implementation using Clifford+

Z
N

-group
Authors: Biswal Laxmidhar , Bhattacharjee Debjyoti , Chakrabarti Amlan , Chattopadhyay Anupam 
Published: June 2024

Decoherence jeopardizes the entanglement of fragile quantum states, and is among the foremost challenges towards engineering scalable quantum computers. Realizing quantum circuit implementation with small qubit count and shallow circuit depth is necessary due to the linear scaling of decoherence rate with qubit count and circuit depth. Conversely, reasonable correction of small unitary errors can be achieved by using surface codes along with a transversal gate set to protect quantum information from decoherence. In this paper, we analyze and report the upper bound of non-Clifford phase-depth for different mapping schemes and synthesis approaches. We introduce a synthesis methodology based on lookup-table (LUT) networks, wherein the Boolean logic translates into fault-tolerant quantum logic using Clifford+

Z
N

group with zero ancillary cost. We also present fault-tolerant synthesis techniques for
k
-LUT network using additional ancillary lines with exponential phase-count and unit phase-depth.
Nautilus: A Framework for Cross-Layer Cartography of Submarine Cables and IP Links
Authors: Ramanathan Alagappan , Abdu Jyothi Sangeetha 
Published: June 2024

Submarine cables constitute the backbone of the Internet. However, these critical infrastructure components are vulnerable to several natural and man-made threats, and during failures, are difficult to repair in remote oceans. In spite of their crucial role, we have a limited understanding of the impact of submarine cable failures on global connectivity, particularly on the higher layers of the Internet.
In this paper, we present Nautilus, a framework for cross-layer cartography of submarine cables and IP links. Using a corpus of public datasets and Internet cartographic techniques, Nautilus identifies IP links that are likely traversing submarine cables and maps them to one or more potential cables. Nautilus also gives each IP to cable assignment a prediction score that reflects the confidence in the mapping. Nautilus generates a mapping for 3.05 million and 1.43 million IPv4 and IPv6 links, respectively, spanning 91% of all active cables. In the absence of ground truth data, we validate Nautilus mapping using three techniques: analyzing past cable failures, using targeted traceroute measurements, and comparing with public network maps of two operators.
TAO: Re-Thinking DL-based Microarchitecture Simulation
Authors: Pandey Santosh , Yazdanbakhsh Amir , Liu Hang 
Published: June 2024

Microarchitecture simulators are indispensable tools for microarchitecture designers to validate, estimate, and optimize new hardware that meets specific design requirements. While the quest for a fast, accurate and detailed microarchitecture simulation has been ongoing for decades, existing simulators excel and fall short at different aspects: (i) Although execution-driven simulation is accurate and detailed, it is extremely slow and requires expert-level experience to design. (ii) Trace-driven simulation reuses the execution traces in pursuit of fast simulation but faces accuracy concerns and fails to achieve significant speedup. (iii) Emerging deep learning (DL)-based simulations are remarkably fast and have acceptable accuracy, but introduce substantial overheads from trace regeneration and model re-training when simulating a new microarchitecture.
Re-thinking the advantages and limitations of the aforementioned three mainstream simulation paradigms, this paper introduces TAO that redesigns the DL-based simulation with three primary contributions: First, we propose a new training dataset design such that the subsequent simulation (i.e., inference) only needs functional trace as inputs, which can be rapidly generated and reused across microarchitectures. Second, to increase the detail of the simulation, we redesign the input features and the DL model using self-attention to support predicting various performance metrics of interest. Third, we propose techniques to train a microarchitecture agnostic embedding layer that enables fast transfer learning between different microarchitectural configurations and effectively reduces the re-training overhead of conventional DL-based simulators. TAO can predict various performance metrics of interest, significantly reduce the simulation time, and maintain similar simulation accuracy as state-of-the-art DL-based endeavors.
Thorough Characterization and Analysis of Large Transformer Model Training At-Scale
Authors: Cheng Scott , Lin Jun-Liang , Emani Murali , Raskar Siddhisanket , Foreman Sam , Xie Zhen , Vishwanath Venkatram , Kandemir Mahmut T. 
Published: June 2024

Large transformer models have recently achieved great success across various domains. With a growing number of model parameters, a large transformer model training today typically involves model sharding, data parallelism, and model parallelism. Thus, the throughput of large-scale model training depends heavily on the network bandwidth since a combination of model sharding and multiple parallelism strategies incurs various costs. However, prior characterizations of transformer models on high-bandwidth DGX machines that use TFLOPS as a metric may not reflect the performance of a system with lower bandwidth. Furthermore, data and model parallelism reveal significantly distinct training profiles on different system bandwidths at scale and, thus, need a thorough study.
In this paper, we provide a bottom-up breakdown of training throughput into compute and communication time, and quantitatively analyze their respective influences on overall end-to-end training scaling. Our evaluation involves an in-depth exploration of data parallelism, scaling up to 512 GPUs with limited bandwidth, and examines three model sharding strategies among six model sizes. We also evaluate three combinations of model parallelism on both high and low bandwidth supercomputing systems. Overall, our work provides a broader perspective on large-scale transformer model training, and our analysis and evaluation yield practical insights for predicting training scaling, shaping the future development of supercomputing system design.
English for specific purposes curriculum evaluation from the social semiotic perspective
Authors: Sari Latifa Ika , Rukmini Dwi , Faridi Abdurrachman , Mujiyanto Januarius 
Published: June 2024

This paper presents an evaluation of an English for specific purposes (ESP) curriculum using the social semiotic perspective. This perspective highlights the importance of authenticity, multimodality, and communicative competence in ESP teaching and learning. Five main components of the ESP curriculum at the Port and Shipping Management Department of a Maritime Polytechnic in Indonesia were evaluated, including the syllabus, lesson plans, resources, teaching activities, and assessment. In conducting the evaluation, the authors developed an evaluation framework based on three existing frameworks, namely Stufflebeam’s context input process product (CIPP) model for evaluation, Kaewpet’s ESP program evaluation, and Tsou and Chen’s ESP program evaluation. Multiple data collection methods were used and multiple perspectives of research participants were invited. The findings of the study revealed that there were several problems in the ESP curriculum of the Port and Shipping Management Department. The main problem was the poorly designed syllabus that has caused drawbacks on the other components, such as irrelevant and unauthentic teaching materials and activities, low variety of teaching media, lack of multimodal resources used in the classroom, and low validity and reliability of assessments. Pedagogical implications regarding the results of the evaluation are also discussed.<p> </p>
Ubiquitin Ligase RBX2/SAG Regulates Mitochondrial Ubiquitination and Mitophagy
Authors: Wang Wenjuan , Li Ermin , Zou Jianqiu , Qu Chen , Ayala Juan , Wen Yuan , Islam Md Sadikul , Weintraub Neal L. , Fulton David J.R. , Liang Qiangrong , Zhou Jiliang , Liu Jinbao , Li Jie , Sun Yi , Su Huabo 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND:
Clearance of damaged mitochondria via mitophagy is crucial for cellular homeostasis. Apart from Parkin, little is known about additional Ub (ubiquitin) ligases that mediate mitochondrial ubiquitination and turnover, particularly in highly metabolically active organs such as the heart.

METHODS:
In this study, we have combined in silico analysis and biochemical assay to identify CRL (cullin-RING ligase) 5 as a mitochondrial Ub ligase. We generated cardiomyocytes and mice lacking RBX2 (RING-box protein 2; also known as SAG [sensitive to apoptosis gene]), a catalytic subunit of CRL5, to understand the effects of RBX2 depletion on mitochondrial ubiquitination, mitophagy, and cardiac function. We also performed proteomics analysis and RNA-sequencing analysis to define the impact of loss of RBX2 on the proteome and transcriptome.

RESULTS:

RBX2 and CUL (cullin) 5, 2 core components of CRL5, localize to mitochondria. Depletion of RBX2 inhibited mitochondrial ubiquitination and turnover, impaired mitochondrial membrane potential and respiration, increased cardiomyocyte cell death, and has a global impact on the mitochondrial proteome. In vivo, deletion of the
Rbx2
gene in adult mouse hearts suppressed mitophagic activity, provoked accumulation of damaged mitochondria in the myocardium, and disrupted myocardial metabolism, leading to the rapid development of dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Similarly, ablation of RBX2 in the developing heart resulted in dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure. The action of RBX2 in mitochondria is not dependent on Parkin, and Parkin gene deletion had no impact on the onset and progression of cardiomyopathy in RBX2-deficient hearts. Furthermore, RBX2 controls the stability of PINK1 (PTEN-induced kinase 1) in mitochondria.

CONCLUSIONS:
These findings identify RBX2-CRL5 as a mitochondrial Ub ligase that regulates mitophagy and cardiac homeostasis in a Parkin-independent, PINK1-dependent manner.
Data‐Driven Analysis Reveals Cortical Infarction Patterns Correlated With Inflammation and Prognosis: A Retrospective, Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Wang Wen‐Jie , Ding Lingling , Zhang Qiang , Jing Jing , Jiang Yong , Meng Xia , Gu Hongqiu , Yang Kaixuan , Wang Yilong , Li Hao , Wang Yongjun , Zhao Xingquan , Li Zixiao 
Published: June 2024

Background
We aim to identify the distinct lesion patterns and regions associated with functional outcome and inflammation in patients with acute ischemic stroke, and investigate whether the association between lesion patterns and functional outcome was mediated by inflammation.

Methods and Results
We performed nonnegative matrix factorization to derived low‐dimensional lesion patterns (atoms), and Bayesian linear regression models were applied to explore the associations of lesion patterns with inflammatory factors including high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein and interleukin‐6, as well as functional outcome (defined as modified Rankin Scale score at 3 months). The difference distribution mean and 95% highest probability density interval (HPDI) were calculated. Mediation analysis was used to examine the mediating effects of inflammation on the relationships between lesion patterns and functional outcome. Seven lesion patterns were derived from 5914 patients with acute ischemic stroke. Lesion patterns distributed in the cortical regions were associated with inflammatory response, including atom 1 (interleukin‐6: mean, 0.113 [95% HPDI, 0.073–0.162]; high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein: mean, 0.082 [95% HPDI, 0.038–0.123]) and atom 4 (interleukin‐6: mean, 0.113 [95% HPDI, 0.071–0.167]; high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein: mean, 0.108 [95% HPDI, 0.058–0.165]). These lesion patterns were also significantly associated with functional outcome (atom 1: mean, 1.958 [95% HPDI, 1.538–2.383]; atom 4: mean, 2.245 [95% HPDI, 1.773–2.741]). Mediation analysis suggested that interleukin‐6 explained 15.34% and 7.47% in the association of atom 1 and atom 4 with functional outcome, respectively.

Conclusions
Certain lesion patterns that are associated with both inflammation and functional outcome of acute ischemic stroke, especially cortical infarction, may play a role in functional outcome through modulating inflammatory reactions.
Skrjabinomermis pirnaimi sp. n. (Nematoda: Mermithidae) from Iran: A morphological and molecular phylogenetic study
Authors: Abootalebi Faegheh , Niknam Gholamreza , Vazifeh Nasir , Camino Nora B. , Shaaf Gorashi Saideh 
Published: June 2024

Summary
A new species of the genus Skrjabinomermis, collected from two locations in north and northwest of Iran, is described and illustrated, including morphological data and D2-D3 rRNA LSU sequences. Skrjabinomermis pirnaimi sp. n. is characterised by its six cephalic papillae, two hypodermal pegs in the area of the cephalic papillae, adult’s cuticle with very fine cross fibres, head rounded, mouth central, amphids cup-shaped, six hypodermal cords, vulva a transverse slit, located post-equatorially, cuticular protruding and vulval lips well developed, vagina pear- or barrel-shaped, with slightly bent lumen, tail similar in both sexes, bluntly rounded, spicules paired, medium sized, slightly curved, fused posteriorly for about 68-73% of their length, with pointed tip, male genital papillae arranged in three rows: the median ventral row having two pre- and two post-anal papillae, and the lateroventral rows with five papillae each. Molecular analyses using the D2-D3 expansion regions of the 28S rRNA gene sequences placed the genus Skrjabinomermis as a sister genus to Romanomermis with 93% Bayesian posterior probability based upon currently available data.
The Cultural Lens of Childhood
Authors: Quarshie John 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This study explores how parents’ understanding of childhood shapes their awareness and support for children’s participation in family decision-making in Akropong Akuapem, Ghana. Adopting the interpretivist paradigm, a qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews with 43 parents conveniently sampled revealed three key themes: dependency; identity formation; and empowerment. Understanding childhood as a period of dependence, parents acknowledge their role as duty-bearers towards their children who are right-holders. Childhood’s role in shaping identity highlights the strong bond between children, families and the community, notably through naming ceremonies and puberty rites. Additionally, considering childhood as an empowering system emphasises children’s active contributions to their development. The study advocates for nurturing childhood as a period of empowerment, facilitating active children’s participation in family decisions concerning them whilst upholding rich cultural values. These insights have practical implications for Ghanaian culture and human rights.
Criminalisation of Juvenile Justice
Authors: Ramaswamy Sheila , Ashok Saurabh Shashi , Seshadri Shekhar , Mander Harsh , Bunders-Aelen Joske , Madan Lokur Justice 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The development of juvenile transfer laws, against the backdrop of significant public outrage against a perceived increase in juvenile crime, has generated multiple debates, mostly centred on issues of child-inclusive justice versus crime mitigation and public safety agendas. The resulting legal developments have sought to instrumentalise punitive justice approaches, that facilitate the criminalisation of a sub-group of children (based on age and severity of crime), by articulating a limited and exclusionary conception of vulnerability. To bridge this gap, this article comprehensively evaluates the core assumptions of the juvenile transfer laws in India, through transdisciplinary considerations that integrate legal, rights-based and mental health perspectives, thereby making the analysis relevant to other legal jurisdictions with provisions for juvenile transfer. Alternative approaches to transfer, that adopt a rehabilitative and capacity-based justice orientation to culpability are discussed, to suggest crime prevention approaches cognizant of adolescent psychosocial vulnerabilities, and the need for mitigation of criminality.
Reimagining Youth Subjectivity
Authors: Rampersaud Marsha , Parada Henry , Olivo Veronica Escobar , Ouellette Chloe 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This research achieves two aims: it seeks to understand how the norms and standards outlined in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (crc) are implemented in Canada, focusing on legislative compliance at the provincial/territorial level: specifically, the Child, Youth and Family Services Act (2017). Second, it evaluates whether the crc has material value by exploring how youth subjectivity is constituted through this legislation. To achieve these aims, we engaged with the text of the legislation using Foucauldian critical discourse analysis (cda). Findings indicate a shift in Ontario’s political discourse through this Act’s repositioning of young people as autonomous rights-holders. However, a disconnect is revealed between progressive legislation and the real-life impacts on young people. Consequently, the legislation represents an essential first step, but more is needed to realise the crc’s goal of establishing rights for all young people.
What Shapes Ambivalence towards ‘Feminism’ amongst the Clergy?
Authors: Fry Alex D.J. , Jagger Sharon 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In 1994 the Church of England ordained its first women priests and since 2014 women clergy have been appointed as bishops, a senior role in the Church’s ordained hierarchy. However, their acceptance into these roles has been highly ambivalent. How ambivalence manifests and the role of deeper beliefs about gender in the Church is under-researched, especially in understanding the positions of male clergy who oppose women’s ordination. This article draws on data sets from two separate projects conducting semi-structured interviews with both men and women in ordained ministry and compares the ambivalence towards feminism held by female clergy and theologically conservative male clergy. The argument unpacks how institutional and cultural factors intersect with tradition-specific beliefs to generate highly ambivalent views about feminism as a movement. The conclusion suggests ways feminism is mythologised and used to reframe conservative male clergy as vulnerable and as potential victims of misandry.
Tidal Conversion into Vertical Normal Modes by Near-Critical Topography
Authors: Geoffroy Gaspard , Pollmann Friederike , Nycander Jonas 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The solution from linear theory for the barotropic-to-baroclinic tidal energy conversion into vertical modes is validated with numerical simulations and analytical results. The main result is the translation of the traditional critical slope condition into a modewise condition on the topographic height only. Our findings are then used for estimates of the global M2 tidal conversion into the first 10 vertical modes in the open ocean (excluding the continental shelves and slopes). We observe a rapid increase with mode number of the fraction of the World Ocean where linear theory is invalid. In terms of conversion, which is highly variable in space, this corresponds to an even more rapid increase with mode number of the fraction of the converted energy that is strongly affected by nonlinear effects. Out of the 373.6 GW of the globally integrated conversion into modes 1–10, only 241.7 GW occur in locations where linear theory is valid. While it represents 95% for mode 1, this fraction rapidly drops with mode number to reach 27% for mode 10. Moreover, for the conversion into a single mode, we show that capping the linear solution at supercritical topography is inappropriate. Hence, linear theory appears unfit to directly quantify the role played by high-mode internal tides in the internal wave energy budget.