bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infection of the Red Palm Weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus) by the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana: A SEM study
Authors: Güerri‐Agulló Berenice , Gómez‐Vidal Sonia , Asensio Leticia , Barranco Pablo , Lopez‐Llorca Luis V. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe Red Palm Weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus) is a devastating pest of palms in the Mediterranean, Middle East, and Eastern countries. No effective control measures are available. R. ferrugineus has been found naturally infected by the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana, but its infection process in this host is unknown. We have studied the infection of R. ferrugineus larvae and adults by B. bassiana using dry conidia and conidia suspensions using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In early stages, SEM revealed acquisition of B. bassiana conidia by cuticle ornamentation in legs, antennae, and elytra of R. ferrugineus adults. Subsequently, conidia germinated and frequent episodes of hyphal/conidial fusion were found. Appressoria, signs of adhesion and cuticle degradation led to penetration (even direct) and colonization of R. ferrugineus hosts by the fungus. B. bassiana conidiophores were found in a R. ferrugineus cuticle, which indicate the completion of the life cycle of the fungus in the insect host. SEM has proven that dry conidia of B. bassiana is an adequate inoculum for R. ferrugineus infection. SEM revealed that conidia of B. bassiana attached to the cuticle of R. ferrugineus can germinate and differentiate appressoria. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Existence of openly disjoint circuits through a vertex
Authors: Mader W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWe deal with conditions for a digraph of minimum degree r which imply the existence of a vertex x contained in r circuits which have pairwise only x in common. In particular, we give some positive answers to a question of P. Seymour, whether an r‐regular digraph has a vertex x which is contained in r circuits pairwise disjoint except for x, and show that the answer, in general, is negative. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 63: 93–105, 2010
Expression of cyclooxygenase‐2 and microsomal prostaglandin‐E synthase in amoeboid microglial cells in the developing brain and effects of cyclooxygenase‐2 neutralization on BV‐2 microglial cells
Authors: Li Ping , Kaur Charanjit , Lu Jia , Sivakumar V. , Dheen S. Thameem , Ling Eng‐Ang 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMicroglia express cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) and microsomal prostaglandin‐E synthase (mPGES‐1) but their localization in the amoeboid microglial cells (AMC), considered to be the nascent brain macrophages, in the developing brain has remained unexplored; furthermore, their interrelation and regulation have also remained to be fully elucidated. We show here that AMC in postnatal rat brain constitutively expressed COX‐2 and mPGES‐1 whose immunoexpression was upregulated in rats given lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injections. Reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis of the callosal tissue rich in AMC revealed that COX‐2 and mPGES‐1 mRNA and protein expression was augmented following LPS injections. BV‐2 cells also exhibited COX‐2 and mPGES‐1 expression which was enhanced by LPS. However, in cells treated with LPS coupled with COX‐2 neutralization, the mRNA expression levels of COX‐2, mPGES‐1, tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐1β and inducible nitric oxide synthase were significantly suppressed; production of prostaglandin E2 and reactive oxygen species also decreased. Western blot analysis confirmed the changes of protein levels of the above mediators. Remarkably, COX‐2 neutralization concomitantly suppressed the protein expression levels of nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB), phos‐NF‐κB and phos‐IκB‐α as well as translocation of NF‐κB as determined by flow cytometry. In conclusion, AMC in the developing brain expressed COX‐2 and mPGES‐1 notably when stimulated by LPS. It is suggested that this may be involved in local inflammation during development. Our results have further shown that COX‐2 neutralization may be effective in suppressing production of inflammatory mediators and hence its potential use in alleviating neuroinflammation. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
LC of sulfonamide residues in poultry muscle and eggs extracts using fluorescence pre‐column derivatization and monolithic silica column
Authors: Zotou Anastasia , Vasiliadou Christina 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA new, rapid, sensitive and selective HPLC method with fluorescence detection is described for the simultaneous determination of 12 sulfonamides, in the presence of putrescine as internal standard, after pre‐column derivatization with fluorescamine. The drugs were separated on a Chromolith Performance RP‐18 column (100×4.6 mm), using a gradient elution with a binary mobile phase of methanol/0.05 M acetate buffer (pH 3.4). Linearity of derivatization was obtained for concentrations from 3.0 to 300 μg/L in standard solutions. The whole procedure was evaluated and fully validated, according to the European Union Decision 2002/657/EC, for the determination of sulfonamides in turkey muscle and hen eggs following SPE. The LODs varied from 2 to 17 μg/kg in turkey and 2 to 15 μg/kg in egg samples. The average recoveries ranged between 96.9–108.6% in turkey muscle and 96.0–108.4% in egg samples, respectively.
Learning by design: Developing an engine for transforming your company
Authors: Beer Michael , Finnström Magnus 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTraditional leadership development programs often fail to achieve the desired results because they don't focus on learning linked to the company's business strategy and the real day‐to‐day challenges facing managers. The experience of Sweden‐based industrial group Cardo, which built its executive management program from scratch, shows how organizations can unleash the leadership capabilities required to drive transformation and strengthen business results.
Antioxidative and antigenotoxic properties of vegetables and dietary phytochemicals: The value of genomics biomarkers in molecular epidemiology
Authors: de Kok Theo M. C. M. , de Waard Pim , Wilms Lonneke C. , van Breda Simone G. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThere is considerable evidence that consumption of fruits and vegetables may contribute to the prevention of cancer. It is however remarkable that evidence for such a preventive action arising from mechanistic studies is becoming stronger, whereas results of some recent prospective studies are less convincing. This apparent discrepancy may be overcome, or at least understood, by introducing molecular markers in future epidemiological studies, taking modulation of molecular processes as well as genetic variability in human populations into account. Both human and animal studies demonstrated that vegetable intake modulates gene expression in the gastrointestinal tract of many genes involved in biological pathways in favor of cancer risk prevention. Gene sets identified in this type of studies can be further evaluated, linked to the biological effects of phytochemicals and developed into biomarkers for larger human studies. Human dietary intervention studies have demonstrated that, apart from target tissues, also peripheral lymphocytes can be used for biomonitoring of chemopreventive effects. Transcriptomic responses and metabolite profiling may link phenotypic markers of preventive effects to specific molecular processes. The use of genomics techniques appears to be a promising approach to establish mechanistic pathways involved in chemoprevention by phytochemicals, particularly when genetic variability is taken into account.
Interstitial cells in the urinary bladder—localization and function
Authors: McCloskey Karen D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAimsThis review summarizes the currently available literature on the localization and proposed functions of a novel group of cells in the urinary bladder known as interstitial cells or interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC).MethodsOn‐line searches of “Pubmed” for bladder, c‐Kit, ICC, interstitial cell and myofibroblast were performed to identify relevant studies for the review.ResultsThe literature contains substantial data that several sub‐populations of ICC are present in the wall of the mammalian urinary bladder. These are located in the lamina propria and within the detrusor with distinctive cell shapes and morphological arrangements. Bladder ICC are identified with transmission electron microscopy or by immunohistochemical labeling using antibodies to the Kit receptor which is an established ICC marker. Lamina propria‐ICC form a loose network connected via Cx43 gap junctions and are associated with mucosal nerves. Detrusor ICC track the smooth muscle bundles and make frequent contacts with intramural nerves. Both groups of ICC exhibit spontaneous electrical and Ca2+‐signalling and also respond to application of neurotransmitter substances including ATP and carbachol. There is emerging evidence that the expression of ICC is upregulated in pathophysiological conditions including the overactive bladder.ConclusionsThere is now a convincing body of evidence that specialized ICC are present in the urinary bladder making important associations with other cells that make up the bladder wall and possessing physiological properties consistent with a role of bladder activity modulation. Neurourol. Urodynam. 29: 82–87, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Management of fecal incontinence in adults
Authors: Norton C. , Whitehead W.E. , Bliss D.Z. , Harari D. , Lang J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis article summarises the findings from the conservative management of faecal incontinence in adults committee of the International Consultation on Incontinence. We conducted comprehensive literature searches using the following keywords combined with the relevant intervention: “anal, anorectal, bowel, faecal, fecal, rectal, stool” and “continent$ or incontinent$,” Prevalence etimates for faecal or anal incontinence vary widely, from 2.2% to 2.5%. Expert opinion supports the use of general health education, patient teaching about bowel function and advice on lifestyle modification, but the evidence base is small. Unlike urinary incontinence, few “lifestyle” associations have been identified with FI and little is known about whether interventions designed to reduce potential risk factors might improve FI. The article summarises the evidence and recommendations from the committee for clinical practice and future research. Neurourol. Urodynam. 29: 199–206, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cross‐talk and sensitization of bladder afferent nerves
Authors: Ustinova Elena E. , Fraser Matthew O. , Pezzone Michael A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe coordination of pelvic physiologic function requires complex integrative sensory pathways that may converge both peripherally and/or centrally. Following a focal, acute irritative or infectious pelvic insult, these same afferent pathways may produce generalized pelvic sensitization or cross‐sensitization as we show bi‐directionally for the bladder and bowel in an animal model. Single unit bladder afferent recordings following intracolonic irritation reveal direct sensitization to both chemical and mechanical stimuli that's dependent upon both intact bladder sensory (C‐fiber) innervation and neuropeptide content. Concurrent mastocytosis (preponderantly neurogenic) likely plays a role in long‐term pelvic organ sensitization via the release of nociceptive and afferent‐modulating molecules. Prolonged pelvic sensitization as mediated by these convergent and antidromic reflexive pathway may likewise lead to chronic pelvic pain and thus the overlap of chronic pelvic pain disorders. Neurourol. Urodynam. 29: 77–81, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neural control of the lower urinary and gastrointestinal tracts: Supraspinal CNS mechanisms
Authors: Drake M.J. , Fowler C.J. , Griffiths D. , Mayer E. , Paton J.F.R. , Birder L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractNormal urinary function is contingent upon a complex hierarchy of CNS regulation. Lower urinary tract afferents synapse in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and ascend to the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG), with a separate nociception path to the thalamus. A spino‐thalamo‐cortical sensory pathway is present in some primates, including humans. In the brainstem, the pontine micturition center (PMC) is a convergence point of multiple influences, representing a co‐ordinating center for voiding. Many PMC neurones have characteristics necessary to categorize the center as a pre‐motor micturition nucleus. In the lateral pontine brainstem, a separate region has some characteristics to suggest a “continence center.” Cerebral control determines that voiding is permitted if necessary, socially acceptable and in a safe setting. The frontal cortex is crucial for decision making in an emotional and social context. The anterior cingulate gyrus and insula co‐ordinate processes of autonomic arousal and visceral sensation. The influence of these centers on the PMC is primarily mediated via the PAG, which also integrates bladder sensory information, thereby moderating voiding and storage of urine, and the transition between the two phases. The parabrachial nucleus in the pons is also important in behavioral motivation of waste evacuation. Lower urinary tract afferents can be modulated at multiple levels by corticolimbic centers, determining the interoception of physiological condition and the consequent emotional motor responses. Alterations in cognitive modulation, descending modulation, and hypervigilance are important in functional (symptom‐based) clinical disorders. Neurourol. Urodynam. 29: 119–127, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neurologic fecal incontinence
Authors: Wyndaele J.J. , Kovindha A. , Igawa Y. , Madersbacher H. , Radziszewski P. , Ruffion A. , Schurch B. , Castro D. , Sakakibara R. , Wein A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIntroductionThis manuscript summarizes the work of Committee 10 on neurologic bladder and bowel of the International Consultation on Incontinence in 2008–2009. As the data are very large the outcome is presented in different manuscripts. This manuscript deals with neurologic fecal incontinence (FI).MethodsThrough in debt literature review all aspects of neurologic urinary and FI were studied for levels of evidence. Recommendations for diagnosis and treatment, and for future research were made.ResultsPathophysiology was summarized for different levels of lesions. For epidemiology, specific diagnostics, conservative treatment, and surgical treatment of neurologic FI levels of evidence and grades of recommendation were made.ConclusionsThough data are available that advice and guide in the management of FI in neurologic patients, not many data are with a high level of evidence or high grade of recommendation. More and well‐structured research is needed. Neurourol. Urodynam. 29: 207–212, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pelvic organ prolapse and overactive bladder
Authors: de Boer T.A. , Salvatore S. , Cardozo L. , Chapple C. , Kelleher C. , van Kerrebroeck P. , Kirby M.G. , Koelbl H. , Espuna‐Pons M. , Milsom I. , Tubaro A. , Wagg A. , Vierhout M.E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAimsIn this review we try to shed light on the following questions:

How frequently are symptoms of overactive bladder (OAB) and is detrusor overactivity (DO) present in patients with pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and is there a difference from women without POP?
Does the presence of OAB symptoms depend on the prolapsed compartment and/or stage of the prolapse?
What is the possible pathophysiology of OAB in POP?
Do OAB symptoms and DO change after conservative or surgical treatment of POP?
MethodsWe searched on Medline and Embase for relevant studies. We only included studies in which actual data about OAB symptoms were available. All data for prolapse surgery were without the results of concomitant stress urinary incontinence (SUI) surgery.ResultsCommunity‐ and hospital‐based studies showed that the prevalence of OAB symptoms was greater in patients with POP than without POP. No evidence was found for a relationship between the compartment or stage of the prolapse and the presence of OAB symptoms. All treatments for POP (surgery, pessaries) resulted in an improvement in OAB symptoms. It is unclear what predicts whether OAB symptoms disappear or not. When there is concomitant DO and POP, following POP surgery DO disappear in a proportion of the patients. Bladder outlet obstruction is likely to be the most important mechanism by which POP induces OAB symptoms and DO signs. However, several other mechanisms might also play a role.ConclusionsThere are strong indications that there is a causal relationship between OAB and POP. Neurourol. Urodynam. 29: 30–39, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A branch‐and‐cut‐and‐price algorithm for vertex‐biconnectivity augmentation
Authors: Ljubić Ivana 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn this article, the first approach for solving the vertex‐biconnectivity augmentation problem (V2AUG) to optimality is proposed. Given a spanning subgraph of an edge‐weighted graph, we search for the cheapest subset of edges to augment this subgraph to make it vertex‐biconnected. The problem is reduced to augmentation of the corresponding block‐cut tree [Khuller and Thummella, J Algorithms 14 (1993), 214–225], and its connectivity properties are exploited to develop two minimum‐cut‐based ILP formulations: a directed and an undirected one. In contrast to the recently obtained result for the more general vertex‐biconnected Steiner network problem [Chimani et al., Proceedings of 2nd Annual International Conference on Combinatorial Optimization and Applications, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 5165, Springer, 2008, pp. 190–200.], our theoretical comparison shows that orienting the undirected graph does not help in improving the quality of lower bounds. Hence, starting from the undirected cut formulation, we develop a branch‐and‐cut‐and‐price (BCP) algorithm which represents the first exact approach to V2AUG. Our computational experiments show the practical feasibility of BCP: complete graphs with more than 400 vertices can be solved to provable optimality. Furthermore, BCP is even faster than state‐of‐the‐art metaheuristics and approximation algorithms, for graphs up to 200 vertices. For large graphs with more than 2000 vertices, optimality gaps that are strictly below 2% are reported. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2010
The degree‐preserving spanning tree problem in strongly chordal and directed path graphs
Authors: Lin Ching‐Chi , Chang Gerard J. , Chen Gen‐Huey 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSuppose G is a connected graph and T a spanning tree of G. A vertex v ε V(G) is said to be a degree‐preserving vertex if its degree in T is the same as its degree in G. The degree‐preserving spanning tree problem is to find a spanning tree T of a connected graph G such that the number of degree‐preserving vertices is maximized. The purpose of this article is to provide an O(m.α(m,n))‐time algorithm for the degree‐preserving spanning tree problem in strongly chordal graphs, where α is the inverse of Ackermann's function. Furthermore, we present an O(m + n)‐time algorithm in directed path graphs. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2010
Distinguished vertices in probabilistic rooted graphs
Authors: Gordon Gary , Jager Ekaterina 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe expected number of vertices that remain joined to the root vertex s of a rooted graph Gs when edges are prone to fail is a polynomial EV(Gs; p) in the edge probability p that depends on the location of s. We show that optimal locations for the root can vary arbitrarily as p varies from 0 to 1 by constructing a graph in which every permutation of k‐specified vertices is the “optimal” ordering for some p, 0 < p < 1. We also investigate zeroes of EV(Gs; p), proving that the number of vertices of G is bounded by the size of the largest rational zero. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2010
Application of semi definite relaxation and variable neighborhood search for multiuser detection in synchronous CDMA
Authors: Lisser Abdel , Lopez Rafael 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn this article, a detection strategy based on variable neighborhood search (VNS) and semidefinite relaxation of the multiuser model maximum likelihood (ML) is investigated. The VNS method provides a good method for solving the ML problem while keeping the integer constraints. A SDP relaxation is used as an efficient way to generate an initial solution in a limited amount of time, in particular using early termination. The SDP resolution tool used is the spectral bundle method developed by Helmberg. We show that using VNS can result in a better error rate, but at a cost of calculation time. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2010
Solving a resource allocation problem in wireless mesh networks: A comparison between a CP‐based and a classical column generation
Authors: Capone Antonio , Carello Giuliana , Filippini Ilario , Gualandi Stefano , Malucelli Federico 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis article presents a column generation approach to a resource allocation problem arising in managing Wireless Mesh Networks. The problem consists in routing the given demands over the network and to allocate time resource to pairs of nodes. Half‐duplex constraints are taken into account together with the aggregate interference due to simultaneous transmissions, which affects the signal quality. Different problems are considered, according to the assumptions on the transmission power and rate. The resource allocation problem can be formulated as a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) problem and dealt with a column generation‐based approach. The pricing problem, due to signal quality constraints, turns out to be computationally demanding. To tackle these difficulties, besides a classical mathematical programming approach, we have applied a hybrid column generation approach where the pricing subproblem is solved using Constraint Programming. Numerical results show that the two methods are comparable. The results of the column generation are then used to solve heuristically the problem. The obtained results provide very small gaps (between lower bounds and Heuristic solutions) for two of the three considered problems and reasonable gaps for the third problem. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2010