bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In the vanguard of biomedicine? The curious and contradictory case of anti‐ageing medicine
Authors: Fishman Jennifer R. , Settersten Jr Richard A. , Flatt Michael A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe rise of anti‐ageing medicine is emblematic of the current conditions of American biomedicine. Through in‐depth interviews with 31 anti‐ageing practitioners, we examine how practitioners strive for—and justify—a model of care that runs counter to what they see as the ‘assembly line’ insurance‐managed industry of healthcare. Their motivation, however, is not merely a reaction to conventional medicine. It is derived from what they see as a set of core beliefs about the role of the physician, the nature of the physician‐patient relationship, and the function of biomedicine. We analyse this ideology to underscore how anti‐ageing medicine is built on a ‘technology of the self’, a self in need of constant surveillance, intervention, and maintenance. The ultimate goal is to create an optimal self, not just a self free of illness. A fundamental irony is that, despite their self‐presentation and the perception of the public, anti‐ageing providers do not use practices that are especially ‘high‐tech’ or unconventional. Instead, the management of ageing bodies rests on providers’ perceived knowledge of their patients, tailored treatments, and a collaborative pact between the provider and patient.
SMALL AND MIDDLE‐SIZED ENTERPRISES' OFFSHORING PRODUCTION: A STUDY OF FIRM DECISIONS AND CONSEQUENCES
Authors: ASPELUND ARILD , BUTSKO VITALI 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTThe current massive offshoring of manufacturing represents a significant relocation of employment. Therefore it constitutes an interesting phenomenon from the perspectives of economic geography, geopolitical policy and international small business management. In this qualitative study, we investigate the offshoring decisions in 10 Norwegian small and middle‐sized enterprises (SMEs) that have established manufacturing capabilities in low cost countries. The focus lies on their initial motivation for offshoring production, selection of location, choice of entry mode, evolution of foreign production capabilities, and finally, foreign market sales initiation and development. By analysing the findings in this study from different theoretical perspectives we conclude that combining Dunning's eclectic paradigm with behavioural internationalisation models offers valuable insight in the initiation and organisation of offshore manufacturing facilities among small firms. However, to fully understand the external influence on offshore location decisions among SMEs we should incorporate business network theories and theories from economic and social geography.
Latent Class Analysis of Persistent Disturbing Behaviour Patients by Using Longitudinal Profiles
Authors: Bruckers Liesbeth , Serroyen Jan , Molenberghs Geert , Slaets Herman , Goeyvaerts Willem 
Published: February 2010

SummaryPersistent disturbing behaviour refers to a chronic condition in highly unstable, therapy resistant psychiatric patients. Because these patients are difficult to maintain in their natural living environment and even in hospital wards, purposely designed residential psychiatric facilities need to be established. Therefore, it is important to define and circumscribe the group carefully. Serroyen and co-workers, starting from the longitudinal analysis of a score based on data from the Belgian national psychiatric registry, undertook a discriminant analysis to distinguish persistent disturbing behaviour patients from a control group. They also indicated that there is scope for further subdividing the persistent disturbing behaviour patients into two subgroups, using conventional cluster analysis techniques. We employ a variety of novel longitudinal-data-based cluster analysis techniques. These are based on either conventional growth models, growth–mixture models or latent class growth models. Unlike in earlier analyses, where some evidence for two groups was found, there now is an indication of three groups, which is a finding with high practical and organizational relevance.
Application of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health in children with neurofibromatosis type 1: a review
Authors: GILBOA YAFIT , ROSENBLUM SARA , FATTAL‐VALEVSKI AVIVA , JOSMAN NAOMI 
Published: February 2010

Aim  The World Health Organization’s International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health adapted for children and young people (ICF‐CY) is a framework for describing and classifying health and health‐related states. The aim of the present study was to review literature on neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) using ICF‐CY guidelines and to highlight findings about the quality of life of children with NF1.Method  Electronic databases were searched to identify studies involving children with NF1. Eligible studies were classified according to ICF‐CY categories.Results  Children with NF1 have a variety of cognitive and other deficits. However, very little information is available on the impact of these deficits on their daily life.Interpretation  Despite the broad range of functional and structural deficits in children with NF1, the functional assessment of these children remains largely unexplored. Future studies should aim at evaluating the participation of children with NF1 in various situations, using tools with high real‐world validity.
Uncertainty Analysis in Biofuel Systems
Authors: Malça João , Freire Fausto 
Published: February 2010

SummaryThis article evaluates the implications of uncertainty in the life cycle (LC) energy efficiency and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of rapeseed oil (RO) as an energy carrier displacing fossil diesel (FD). Uncertainties addressed include parameter uncertainty as well as scenario uncertainty concerning how RO coproduct credits are accounted for (uncertainty due to modeling choices). We have carried out an extensive data collection to build an LC inventory accounting for parameter uncertainty. Different approaches for carbon stock changes associated with converting set‐aside land to rapeseed cultivation have been considered, which result in different values: from −0.25 t C/ha.yr (carbon uptake by the soil in tonnes per hectare year) to 0.60 t C/ha.yr (carbon emission). Energy renewability efficiency and GHG emissions of RO are presented, which show the influence of parameter versus scenario uncertainty. Primary energy savings and avoided GHG emissions when RO displaces FD have also been calculated: Avoided GHG emissions show considerably higher uncertainty than energy savings, mainly due to land use (nitrous oxide emissions from soil) and land use conversion (carbon stock changes). Results demonstrate the relevance of applying uncertainty approaches; emphasize the need to reduce uncertainty in the environmental life cycle modeling, particularly GHG emissions calculation; and show the importance of integrating uncertainty into the interpretation of results.
CD163 expression in leukemia cutis
Authors: Harms Paul W. , Bandarchi Bizhan , Ma Linglei 
Published: February 2010

Background: Proper diagnosis of myeloid leukemia cutis (LC) is of great clinical importance but can be difficult because no single immunohistochemical marker is adequately sensitive or specific for definitive diagnosis. Thus, a broader panel of markers is often desirable. CD163 is highly specific for normal and neoplastic cells of the monocyte/histiocyte lineage. In this study, we examined the value of CD163 in the diagnosis of acute myeloid LC. Methods: A total of 34 cases, including 18 cases of myelomonocytic or monocytic LC, 10 cases of myeloid LC without monocytic component and 6 cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (ALL), were stained with CD163. Results: CD163 was expressed in 8 of 18 (44%) of myelomonocytic or monocytic LC and 1 of 10 (10%) of other myeloid LC, but in none of the ALL cases (0/6). CD163 was highly specific (90%) for myeloid LC with a monocytic component, but showed low sensitivity in the diagnosis of both myeloid LC in general (24%) and myeloid LC with a monocytic component (44%). Conclusions: Our results suggest that CD163 has utility as a specific marker for myeloid LC in conjunction with currently used immunohistochemical stains, but should not be used alone for diagnosis.Harms PW, Bandarchi B, Ma L. CD163 expression in leukemia cutis.
Safety of magnetic resonance imaging in preterm infants
Authors: Benavente‐Fernández I , Lubián‐López PS , Zuazo‐Ojeda MA , Jiménez‐Gómez G , Lechuga‐Sancho AM 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAim:  As we progress in our knowledge of preterm brain injury, cohort studies are focusing in neuroimaging preterm infants in the first days of life. Magnetic resonance (MR) is the most powerful neuroimaging modality and valuable in understanding perinatal brain injury. The main purpose of the study is to evaluate the safety of MR imaging in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants at our hospital settings where the scanner is located at some distance from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).Subjects and methods:  This is a prospective study of 33 VLBW infants who underwent early MR imaging (MRI), within 10 days after birth and term corrected age MRI. The study period included June to December 2008.Results:  A total of 46 MRI were performed on 33 preterm infants. The mean total time the infants stayed in the bore of the magnet was 13.04 min. No incidences occurred during transfer or during the scans, and no significant changes were found in heart rate, oxygen saturation and temperature.Conclusions:  At our hospital settings, the process of transport and MR imaging have been proven to be safe and not to disturb any of the variables measured. MRI should not be restricted to centres with neonatal MR system or MR‐compatible incubator, as long as the process is coordinated and supervised by a multidisciplinary team.
Primary care services provided to adolescents in detention: a cross‐sectional study using ICPC‐2
Authors: Haller DM , Sebo P , Cerutti B , Bertrand D , Eytan A , Niveau G , Wolff H , Narring F 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAim:  The aim of this study was to provide a detailed description of the health problems for which primary care services are provided to adolescents in a juvenile detention facility in Europe.Methods:  We reviewed the medical files of all detainees in a juvenile detention centre in Switzerland in 2007. The health problems for which primary care services were provided were coded using the International Classification for Primary Care, version 2. Analysis was descriptive, stratified by gender.Results:  A total of 314 adolescents (18% female) aged 11–19 years were included. Most (89%) had a health assessment and 195 (62%) had consultations with a primary care physician; 80% of the latter had a physical health problem, and 60% had a mental health problem. The most commonly managed problems were skin (49.7%), respiratory (23.6%), behavioural (22.6%) and gynaecological problems (females: 23.9%); 13% females (no males) had sexually transmitted infections (STI), and 8.7% were pregnant. Substance abuse was common (tobacco: 64.6%, alcohol: 26.2%, cannabis: 31.3%).Conclusion:  In addition to health problems known to be more prevalent among young offenders, such as mental health problems and STI, these adolescent detainees required care for a range of common primary care problems. These data should inform the development of comprehensive primary care services in all juvenile detention facilities in Europe.
Prevalence and risk factors of suppurative complications in children with pneumonia
Authors: François Patrice , Desrumaux Amélie , Cans Christine , Pin Isabelle , Pavese Patricia , Labarère José 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAim:  To identify the baseline characteristics associated with suppurative complications in children with community‐acquired primary pneumonia.Methods:  A retrospective study included all children from 28 days to 15 years old, who presented with community‐acquired pneumonia at two French hospitals from 1995 to 2003. Complicated pneumonia was defined by the presence of empyema and/or lung abscess.Results:  Of 767 children with community‐acquired pneumonia, 90 had suppurative complications: 83 cases of pleural empyema and seven cases of lung abscess. The mean prevalence of complicated pneumonia was 3% during the 1995–1998 period, and then steadily increased following a linear trend to reach 23% in 2003. Children with complicated pneumonia were older and had a longer symptomatic period preceding hospitalization. They were more likely to receive antibiotics, especially aminopenicillins (p < 0.01), and nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, especially ibuprofen (p < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, ibuprofen was the only preadmission therapy that was independently associated with complicated pneumonia [adjusted OR = 2.57 (1.51–4.35)].Conclusion: This study confirms an association between the use of prehospital ibruprofen and suppurative pneumonic complications.
Highly sensitivity adhesion molecules detection in hereditary haemochromatosis patients reveals altered expression
Authors: Norris S. , White M. , Mankan A. K. , Lawless M. W. 
Published: February 2010

SummarySeveral abnormalities in the immune status of patients with hereditary haemochromatosis (HH) have been reported, suggesting an imbalance in their immune function. This may include persistent production of, or exposure to, altered immune signalling contributing to the pathogenesis of this disorder. Adhesion molecules L‐, E‐ and P‐Selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1), vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1) are some of the major regulators of the immune processes and altered levels of these proteins have been found in pathological states including cardiovascular diseases, arthritis and liver cancer. The aim of this study was to assess L‐, E‐ and P‐Selectin, ICAM‐1 and VCAM‐1 expression in patients with HH and correlate these results with HFE mutation status and iron indexes. A total of 139 subjects were diagnosed with HH (C282Y homozygotes = 87, C282Y/H63D = 26 heterozygotes, H63D homozygoyes = 26), 27 healthy control subjects with no HFE mutation (N/N), 18 normal subjects heterozygous for the H63D mutation served as age‐sex‐matched controls. We observed a significant decrease in L‐selectin (P = 0.0002) and increased E‐selectin and ICAM‐1 (P = 0.0006 and P = 0.0059) expression in HH patients compared with healthy controls. This study observes for the first time that an altered adhesion molecules profile occurs in patients with HH that is associated with specific HFE genetic component for iron overload, suggesting that differential expression of adhesion molecules may play a role in the pathogenesis of HH.
The dusty, albeit ultraviolet bright, infancy of galaxies
Authors: Devriendt J. , Rimes C. , Pichon C. , Teyssier R. , Le Borgne D. , Aubert D. , Audit E. , Colombi S. , Courty S. , Dubois Y. , Prunet S. , Rasera Y. , Slyz A. , Tweed D. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
The largest galaxies acquire their mass early on, when the Universe is still youthful. Cold streams violently feed these young galaxies a vast amount of fresh gas, resulting in very efficient star formation. Using a well resolved hydrodynamical simulation of galaxy formation, we demonstrate that these mammoth galaxies are already in place a couple of billion years after the big bang. Contrary to local star-forming galaxies, where dust re-emits a large part of the stellar ultraviolet (UV) light at infrared and sub-millimetre wavelengths, our self-consistent modelling of dust extinction predicts that a substantial fraction of UV photons should escape from primordial galaxies. Such a model allows us to compute reliably the number of high-redshift objects as a function of luminosity, and yields galaxies whose UV luminosities closely match those measured in the deepest observational surveys available. This agreement is remarkably good considering our admittedly still simple modelling of the interstellar medium physics. The luminosity functions of virtual UV luminous galaxies coincide with the existing data over the whole redshift range from 4 to 7, provided cosmological parameters are set to their currently favoured values. Despite their considerable emission at short wavelengths, we anticipate that the counterparts of the brightest UV galaxies will be detected by future sub-millimetre facilities like ALMA.
Multiplex assay to identify Korean vectors of malaria
Authors: JOSHI D. , PARK M. H. , SAEUNG A. , CHOOCHOTE W. , MIN G. S. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractFollowing the recent emergence of malaria in South Korea, vector control has been an important task. For this, vector identification is very important. Earlier, two PCR‐based assays have been described. But, poor species resolution and their ability to include only 4–5 species limit their use. Thus, it has now become important to revise the assay identifying these members. In this study, a new assay based on internal transcribed spacer 2 and 28S of ribosomal DNA has been described. The assay successfully identified all the Korean malaria vector mosquitoes. Therefore, it is an indispensable tool to study ecology, abundance and biology of these species.
Skin exposure to micro- and nano-particles can cause haemostasis in zebrafish larvae
Authors: McLeish Jennifer , Chico Timothy , Taylor Harriet , Tucker Carl , Donaldson Ken , Brown Simon 
Published: February 2010

SummaryLow mass ambient exposure to airborne particles is associated with atherothrombotic events that may be a consequence of the combustion-derived nanoparticle content. There is concern also over the potential cardiovascular impact of manufactured nanoparticles. To better understand the mechanism by which toxic airborne particles can affect cardiovascular function we utilised zebrafish as a genetically tractable model. Using light and confocal fluorescence video-microscopy, we measured heart-rate and blood flow in the dorsal aorta and caudal artery of zebrafish larvae that had been exposed to a number of toxic and non-toxic microparticles and nanoparticles. Diesel exhaust particles (DEP), carboxy-charged LatexTM beads (carboxy-beads) and toxic alumina (Taimicron TM300), but not non-toxic alumina (Baikalox A125), were found to promote both skin and gut cell damage, increased leukocyte invasion into the epidermis, tail muscle ischaemia and hae-mostasis within the caudal artery of free swimming zebrafish larvae. The presence of sodium sulfite, a reducing agent, or warfarin, an anticoagulant, within the system water abrogated the effects of both toxic alumina and carboxy-beads but not DEP. Genetic manipulation of skin barrier function augmented skin damage and haemostasis, even for the non-toxic alumina. The toxic effects of carboxy-beads were still apparent after leukocyte numbers were depleted with anti-Pu.1 morpholino. We conclude that particle uptake across skin epithelium and gut mucosal barriers, or the presence of leukocytes, is not required for particle-induced haemostasis while a compromised skin barrier function accentuated tissue injury and haemostasis.
Comparison of efficacy of antiplatelet treatments for patients with claudication
Authors: Basili Stefania , Raparelli Valeria , Vestri Annarita , Tanna Gian Luca Di , Violi Francesco 
Published: February 2010

SummaryIt was the aim of the present study to investigate if antiplatelet treatment reduced cardiovascular events in patients with claudication and/ or an ankle/brachial index (ABI) ≤0.99 and to analyse if specific antiplatelet treatment had a different impact on clinical outcome. We performed a meta-analysis of 29 clinical randomized trials on antiplatelet therapy for prevention of vascular death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in 10,735 peripheral artery disease patients. The primary end-point utilizing in the meta-analysis construction was Cardiovascular Adverse Event. We found 1,900 (17.70%) patients in trials with aspirin, 5,326 (49.61%) in those with thienopyridines, 2,324 (21.65%) in those with picotamide and 1,185 (11.04 %) in those with others antiplatelet drugs. A statistically significant effect of antiplatelet treatment [odds ratio (OR) 0.839; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.729–0.965; p=0.014] was observed. There was a statistically significant reduction of clinical outcome [OR 0.779; 95% CI 0.639–0.950; p=0.014] in the thienopyridine-treated group vs. control. Patients treated with picotamide [OR 0.785; 95% CI 0.495–1.243; p=0.302] or aspirin [OR 0.847; 95%CI 0.653–1.097; p=0.084] showed reduced cardiovascular outcomes, that, however, did not reach significance. The study confirms that anti-platelet treatment reduces vascular outcome in claudicants. Significant reduction was observed with thienopyridines while data regarding aspirin and picotamide were inconclusive.
Impact of gender on the clinical presentation and diagnosis of deep-vein thrombosis
Authors: Riess Hanno , Hach-Wunderle Viola , Gerlach Horst , Carnarius Heike , Eberle Sonja , Rabe Eberhard , Schellong Sebastian , Bauersachs Rupert 
Published: February 2010

SummaryIt is uncertain whether gender influences the clinical presentation of deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) and the discriminative value of the Wells diagnostic pretest probability score. The aim of the study was to determine whether gender impacts the clinical presentation and diagnosis of DVT. The study analysed a cohort of 4,976 outpatients with clinically suspected DVT of the leg prospectively recruited by 326 vascular medicine physicians in the German ambulatory care sector between October and December 2005. The diagnosis of DVT was based on compression ultrasonography in 96% of patients. Among 4,777 patients who had a diagnostic work-up for DVT there were more women (n=2,998) than men (n=1,779). However, the prevalence of confirmed DVT was 37.0% (658/1779) in men vs. 24.3% (730/2,998) in women (p<0.001). Among patients with confirmed DVT, proximal DVT was more common in men (59.6% vs. 44.5% in women, p<0.001). Swelling of the leg, pitting oedema and dilated superficial veins were more frequently reported by men (p<0.001). The percentage of patients with a high probability Wells clinical pretest score was higher in men than in women (67.0% vs. 57.0%, p<0.001). However, overall, the score equally discriminated risk groups for DVT in both sexes. In conclusion, women were more frequently referred for a diagnostic work-up for DVT than men, but the prevalence of DVT was higher in men and their thrombotic events were more severe. Nevertheless, the Wells clinical pretest probability score correctly identified low- and high-risk groups in both genders.