bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid recovery of Echinococcus granulosus following ‘successful’ albendazole therapy in a gerbil model
Authors: Taylor D. H. , Richards K. S. , Morris D. L. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTPeritoneal Echinococcus granulosus in gerbils was treated with albendazole. Both early and late infections were studied; response to albendazole therapy and the ability of the parasite to recover after treatment was found to depend on dose and length of therapy. Even after treatment at 50 mg/kg for 2 months late infections retained the ability to recover over 3 months.
Pulmonary superoxide dismutase activity in the mouse infected withAncylostoma caninumlarvae
Authors: Kulkarni A. B. , Bhopale M. K. , Sharma K. D. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTAlbino mice were infectedper oswith 1000 infective larvae ofAncylostoma caninumand pulmonary superoxide dismutase activity was studied after completion of lung migration. The total superoxide dismutase activity per mg of lung protein was elevated by 15% in infected mice. Of the two forms of superoxide dismutases studied, that containing Cu-Zn was elevated by 44%. this suggests thatA. caninumin mice may result in histopathological changes leading to transient pulmonary oxygen toxicity.
Absence of shock-like reactions to ivermectin in dogs infected with Dirofilaria immitis
Authors: Boreham P. F. L. , Atwell R. B. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTSix dogs infected with Dirofilaria immitis and known to develop shock-like reactions after administration of diethylcarbamazine (DEC) were given ivermectin 50μg/kg orally. None of the dogs showed any adverse reaction and subsequently all reacted to DEC 20mg/kg orally.
Helminth parasites of Jamaican anoles (Reptilia: Iguanidae): a comparison of the helminth fauna of 6Anolisspecies
Authors: Bundy Donald A. P. , Vogel Peter , Harris Eileen A. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTPrevalence and intensity of helminth parasites are described for a sample of 102 Jamaican anole lizards representing 6 species (Anolis lineatopus lineatopus, A. I. neckeri, A. grahami, A. valencienni, A.opalinus, A. sagrei, A. garmani). Fifty nine per cent of lizards were infected with 5 species of nematodes, 16% with one acanthocephalan, 7% with two digeneans, and 4% with a single cestode species. Infection intensity was generally low (intensity range 1–5) although two species of nematode occurred in very large numbers (intensity range 1–436). Helminth prevalence patterns and species composition reflected differences in anole habitats rather than ecomorphs, and were uncorrelated with the genetic relatedness of indigenous versus introduced anole species.
Inhibition phenomena mechanisms in experimental obeliscoidosis in rabbits. II. Local and systemic antibody responses
Authors: Helal I. B. , Wedrychowicz H. , Sinski E. , Bezubik B. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTA series of experiments was carried out using adult outbred Polish race rabbits of both sexes infected, during spring or autumn. with 10 000 larvae of Obeliscoides cuniculi, either fresh or stored at 4°C. Extracts of mucosal proteins and bile were collected at postmortem 6 or 12 weeks after infection. Antibody levels were determined in antisera. bile and stomach mucosa by haemagglutination and precipitation tests. Local antibody respones were demonstrated in the stomach and bile, and reactions were obtained with the tissue fluids by haemagglutination and precipitation tests with worm antigens and ES products. Additionally, some specific immunological response was observed in the circulation during the primary infection. These results suggest a clear-cut relationship between increased levels of these antibodies and either larval inhibition or worm expulsion during O. cuniculi infections.
Drug activity against Onchocerca gutturosa males in vitro: a model for chemotherapeutic research on onchocerciasis
Authors: Townson Simon , Connelly C. , Dobinson A. , Muller R. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTAn in vitro system for chemotherapeutic research using adult male Onchocerca gutturosa has been developed as a model for O. volvulus. Using a culture system consisting of medium MEM+10% heat inactivated foetal calf serum (IFCS)+LLCMK2 (monkey kidney) feeder cells in an atmosphere of 5% CO2 in air, we examined the effects of a range of antiparasitic drugs on worm motility. Ivermectin, levamisole, furapyrimidone, Mel W, chloroquine, metrifonate, flubendazole, amoscanate and the Ciba-Geigy compounds CGP 6140, CGP 20′376 and CGI 17658 either immobilized or significantly reduced motility levels at a concentration of 5x10−5M or less within a 7-day period. Worms were affected at very low concentrations by ivermectin (effective conc. to reduce motility levels to 50% of controls, 3.14x10−8M), levamisole (7.95x10−8M), CGP 6140 (8.87x10−9M) and CGP 20′376 (2.78x10−8M). Difficulties were experienced in accurately repeating the immotile endpoint for levamisole due to an inconsistent partial recovery of motility. Over a 7-day period diethylcarbamazine had little effect on motility levels, while suramin caused a slight increase in activity compared to controls at some timepoints. Subsequent experiments demonstrated some differences in drug efficacy depending on the presence or absence of serum and feeder cells in the culture system probably because of drug avidly binding to serum proteins. However, serum and cells were found to be essential ingredients of the culture system to maintain worms in good condition, indicating that new drugs should be evaluated both in the presence and absence of serum and cells. Comparisons were made between the responses of O. gutturosa and Brugia pahangi to certain drugs and these species were found to significantly differ in their sensitivities to ivermectin and a novel compound (Wellcome), indicating that Onchocerca parasites should be used wherever possible for compound identification and development intended for the treatment of onchocerciasis. The in vitro system described here, using male O. gutturosa, provides a basis for further research and a practical alternative to O. volvulus.
Infectivity of Hymenolepis nana eggs from faecal pellets in the rectum of mice
Authors: Maki Jun , Yanagisawa Toshio 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTThe infectivity of Hymenolepis nana eggs from faecal pellets in the rectum of mice was compared with that of the eggs in gravid proglottids of adult H. nana and with that of the eggs in excreted faecal pellets to find out a simple method for collecting H. nana eggs of high infectivity to mice. Eggs from faecal pellets in the rectum showed higher infectivity than those from gravid proglottids and as high infectivity as those from gravid proglottids selected by a watch-glass rotation technique. Eggs in faecal pellets in the rectum did not lose infectivity until 4 h after they were excreted and exposed to the air at room temperature (27–28°C) with relative humidity of 35–40%. However, the eggs lost infectivity significantly 17 h after excretion onwards.
Chromosome study of Isoparorchis hypselobagri Billet, 1898 (Digenea: Hemiuridae)
Authors: Chattopadhyay I. , Manna Buddhadeb 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTChromosomal complements of an oocyte and a fertilized ovum from the ootype of Isoparorchis hypselobagri Billet, 1898 have been studied. Twenty diploid and 10 haploid chromosomes have been observed. In the karyotype the presence of five submetacentric, four acentric and a pair of sex chromosomes provide a significant cytotaxonomic information.
The route of infection of Paragonimus westermani (diploid type) cercariae in the freshwater crab, Geothelphusa dehaani
Authors: Shibahara Toshiyuki 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTThe different routes of infection of Paragonimus westermani (diploid type) in the freshwater crab, Geothelphusa dehaani, were experimentally confirmed by various methods. In all the experiments, P. westermani metacercariae were recovered from the muscles, gills and liver of the infected crabs with the cercariae, although they were smaller than those of naturally infected ones. This is the first experimental evidence that G. dehaani is infected by both oral feeding and percutaneous contact with P. westermani (diploid type) cercariae.
Secretion and excretion of endogenously synthesized lipids by adultHaemonchus contortus in vitro
Authors: Kapur Jyotika , Sood M. L. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTResults of the incorporation of carbon from14C-glycerol into total, polar and nonpolar lipids inHaemonchus contortus(Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae) reveal that the radioactivity lost into the medium as lipids decreased during the first 3 h of incubation. This was followed by a drastic increase during the 4th h. Again, there was a decline by 75% during the 5th h. However, there was a slight increase in the nonpolar lipids during the 5th h.
Factors influencing the egg production of Ascaris lumbricoides: relationship to weight, length and diameter of worms
Authors: Sinniah B. , Subramaniam K. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTFifty children aged 6 to 13 years and infected with Ascaris lumbricoides were selected for the study. The number of eggs laid daily by a female Ascaris increased with increase in its length, weight and diameter. Female worms became mature and started laying eggs when they reached a length of 118 mm. Adult female worms measuring 3·7 mm or more in diameter were found to be mature. The minimum weight of a worm producing eggs was 1·1 g. On average the number of eggs produced by the female decreased with increase in the worm load.
Effect of water temperature on the ability of Diplostomum spathaceum miracidia to establish in lymnaeid snails
Authors: Waadu G. D. B. , Chappell L. H. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTThe effects of water temperature on the ability of Diplostomum spathaceum miracida to infect and establish patent infections in Lymnaea peregra and L. stagnalis were investigated. Snails were infected over a range of temperatures (6–20°C) and kept thereafter at 20°C or were infected at 20°C and kept at either 14, 20, or 25°C. Infection success was determined after 8 weeks by either observing cercarial shedding or examining snail viscera for sporocysts. The establishment of miracidia declined at lower water temperatures despite maintenance for 8 weeks at 20°C while exposure of snails to miracidia at 20°C and maintenance at different temperatures had little apparent effect. Infection success under these conditions was related more to the numbers of miracidia to which the snails were exposed. However, under this latter experimental regime, the time taken for the infection to become patent clearly depended upon maintenance temperature.
First record of the larval parasitic nematode Rhabditis orbitalis from Japanese wood mice (Apodemus spp.)
Authors: Sudhaus W. , Asakawa M. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTParasitic larvae of Rhabditis orbitalis (formerly confused with Pelodera strongyloides) were found in the conjunctival sacs of the eyes of Apodemus argenteus and A. speciosus from Japanese islands.
The effects of crowding on adults of Echinostoma caproni in experimentally infected golden hamsters
Authors: Yao G. , Huffman J. E. , Fried B. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTFifty-nine of 60 (98%), 6-month-old male golden hamsters, Mesocricetus auratus, fed 15 (group A). 50 (group B), or 200 (group C) metacercarial cysts of Echinostoma caproni (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) were infected 7–34 days postexposure. The mean number of worms recovered in groups A, B and C were 9, 10, and 50, respectively. The percentage recovery was significantly different between group A (63%) and groups B (21%) and C (23%). The intestine was divided into three equal regions (I, II, III). Worms from group A were located in segments II and III of the small intestine whereas worms from groups B and C were distributed in all three segments. The body area, ovarian and testicular areas of worms from group A were greatest, followed in decreasing order by body and gonadal areas of worms from groups B and C. Echinostoma caproni eggs were found in the faeces of all the hamsters examined from groups A, B and C by days 9, 10 and 11, respectively. Physical damage occurred at the site of attachment of the echinostome. Pathological observations indicated the presence of enlarged lymphatic nodules with lymphocytes being the primary cellular infiltrate at the site of parasite attachment.
Factors influencing the metacercarial intensity in ants and the size of Dicrocoelium dendriticum metacercarial cysts
Authors: Schuster R. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTDuring the 1990 grazing season, ants found attached to plants were collected from sheep pastures at monthly intervals and examined for Dicrocoelium metacercariae. The species Formica pratensis and F. rufibarbis showed average metacercarial intensities of 76 and 38 respectively. In addition to the ant species, the intensity of infection was found to be dependent on the length of the ant. The volume of metacercarial cysts was influenced by the intensity per ant relative to ant length but not by the ant species or the time of ant collection.
Experimental infection routes of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in mice
Authors: Wang Lian-Chen , Chao David , Chen Eng-Rin 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTStomach intubation is the most common method used in the experimental infection of animals with Angiostrongylus cantonensis. In order to compare the effectiveness of other possible transmission methods, groups of BALB/c mice were given infective third-stage larvae of A. cantonensis by different routes including intraperitoneal or subcutaneous injections, and penetration of anal mucosa, vaginal mucosa, conjunctival mucosa, lacerated skin, unabraded skin, foot pad and tail skin, while stomach intubation was used as control. Recovery of fifth-stage larvae was higher in mice inoculated with third-stage larvae subcutaneously. Successful infections were established through all experimental transmission routes except tail skin penetration. This study suggests that oral infection may not be the only route for the transmission of human angiostrongyliasis, and subcutaneous infection may be a better method for experimental infection.
Onchocerca raillieti: adult location and skin distribution of the microfilaria in Sudanese donkeys
Authors: El Sammani Saad E. , Hussein Hussein S. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractOnchocerca raillietiis the onlyOnchocercaspecies infecting Sudanese donkeys; it occurs only in the ligamentum nuchae, especially in the lamellar part of the ligament. The morphological features of both uterine and skin microfilariae were determined. Skin microrilariae are shorter than uterine ones and tend to accumulate in the regions ofLinea albaand withers of infected donkeys. The possible identity of the vector of this worm in the Sudan is discussed.
A simple method for the oral transfer ofMoniliformis moniliformis(Acanthocephala) between rats
Authors: Stoddart R. C. , Crompton D. W. T. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTA technique is described whereby young adultMoniliformis moniliformis, aged up to 7 days, can be transferred via the oral route from one rat to another. The method is dependent on giving the recipient rats a dose of Cimetidine (0·25 ml/250 g body weight of a solution containing 950 mg/ml) 1 h before transfer. Cimetidine functions as an H2-receptor antagonist and gastric acid secretion in the rat is inhibited temporarily. The technique does not appear to interfere with the reproductive biology of the parasite.
Long-term infection withSchistosoma mansoni(Gezira strain—Sudan) in the Nile rat (Arvicanthis niloticus)
Authors: El Hussein Durria M. , Sulaiman Suad M. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTThe long-term infection withSchistosoma mansoni(Gezira strain—Sudan) was studied in the Nile rat (Arvicanthis niloticus) to investigate the ‘self cure’ phenomenon. The results indicated that while a considerable number of worms and eggs were still recovered by week 28 post-infection, elimination of some of the worms occurred by week 20.
Ascorbic acid levels in the proglottides of four species of cestode parasites of mammals and birds in relation to their sexual maturity
Authors: Tandon R. S. , Gupta Sushma 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTAscorbic acid levels were found to be closely related to different stages of growth and maturity of Avitellina centripunctata, Moniezia expansa, and Stilesia globipunctata from goats and sheep and of Raillietina echinobothrida from fowl. The ascorbic acid level in avian parasites was higher than that in mammalian. The level was highest in immature proglottides and lowest in gravid proglottides.
Molecular analysis of the gene encoding an antigenic polypeptide ofTrichinella spiralisinfective larvae
Authors: Sugane Kazuo , Matsuura Tadashi 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTThe gene encoding an antigenic polypeptide ofTrichinella spiralisinfective larvae was studied using recombinant DNA techniques. cDNA synthesized from poly(A)-rich mRNA fromT. spiralisinfective larvae was ligated into phage vector λgt11 DNA and packagedin vitro. The phages were propagated onEscherichia coliand a λgt11 expression library was constructed. A cDNA clone encoding a 46 kDa antigenic polypeptide was selected by immunoscreening of the library and identified by the epitope selection method. A clone containing nearly full-length cDNA for a 46 kDa protein was isolated. The gene encoding this 46 kDa antigenic polypeptide was characterized by DNA and RNA blot analysis using the cDNA as a probe. The gene was transcribed to mRNA with approximately 1400 nucleotides and translated to 46 kDa polypeptide. The antigenic polypeptide was excreted/secreted as a 46 kDa native antigen. The antigenic β-galactosidase fusion protein synthesized by bacteria had no cross-reactivity with other parasite-infected sera.
The presence of pinworms (Enterobiussp.) in the mesenteric lymph nodes, liver and lungs of a chimpanzee,Pan troglodytes
Authors: Zhang Guang-Wen , Ji Xiang-Rui , McManus Donald P. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTThis report describes a case of fatal enterobiasis caused byEnterobiussp. in the mesenteric lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels of mesentery, blood vessels of the liver and lungs of a chimpanzee from Qingdao Zoo, China. Based on pathological findings, it is likely that the pinworms obtained access to these organs via the lymphatic or haematogenous pathway. As far as we are aware, this is the first reported case ofEnterobiussp. in the mesenteric lymph nodes and blood vessels of the lungs and veins of the hepatic triad in a chimpanzee.
Tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes of a pseudophyllid cestode Penetrocephalus ganapatii
Authors: Dhandayuthapani S. , Nellaiappan K. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTStudies on the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) enzymes of Penetrocephalus ganapatii reveal that the TCA cycle is only partially operative, as some of the enzymes at the start of the cycle viz. citrate synthase, aconitase and isocitrate dehydrogenase are found to be low in their activities. The high activities of malate dehydrogenase and fumarase, showing affinity towards a reverse direction, indicate that the TCA cycle operates in the reverse direction resulting in the formation of fumarate. The low succinate dehydrogenase/fumarate reductase ratio suggests that ATP generation may occur at site I of the respiratory chain during the reduction of fumarate into succinate.
Single and multiple worm infections of Echinostoma caproni (Trematoda) in the golden hamster
Authors: Fried Bernard , Huffman Jane E. , Weiss Patricia M. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTSix of 10 hamsters fed a single metacercarial cyst of Echinostoma caproni (single-worm infections) and 13 of 19 hamsters fed either 2 or 5 cysts (multiple-worm infections) were infected with adult echinostomes at necropsy 22 days post-infection. Considerable histopathological changes to the small intestine occurred in hamsters carrying single-worm infections. There were no differences in either mean length, width or wet weight of echinostomes in single- versus multiple-worm infections. The mean number of eggs/worm from single-worm infections (525) was significantly greater than that from multiple-worm infections (288). The average percentage of fully developed miracidia/worm from single worms (94%) was similar to that from worms in multiple infections (92–95%). Single worms of E. caproni were capable of self-fertilization and production of viable eggs. Miracidia derived from single worms were as capable of infecting laboratory-reared Biomphalaria glabrata and producing patent rediae as were those from multiple infections.
The epidemiology of the metacercariae of Diplostomum baeri and D. spathaceum in perch (Perca fluviatilis) from the warm water effluent of a nuclear power station
Authors: Höglund Johan , Thulin Jan 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTThermal effects on the dynamics of infection with metacercariae of Diplostomum baeri and D. spathaceum were monitored between May and September, in a year-class of perch Perca fluviatilis, in an artificial lake receiving warm water discharges from a nuclear power station and in an unheated reference site, for a two year period. In the heated area the prevalence of infection of the retinal form, D. baeri, was always 100%, whereas in the unheated site there was an increase from 93% in May to 100% in June 1986. The relative density of D. baeri was found to increase gradually during the first summer in both areas, although the accumulation rate of metacercariae was significantly increased in the heated area. In August of the first year the relative density of D. baeri peaked in the heated area, whereas it continued to increase in the unheated control. However, in September of the following year, the relative densities were at the same level in both thermal regimes. A concomitant decline in the degree of overdispersion of metacercariae within the host population was observed in the heated area as the population density of metacercariae decreased, whereas the index of dispersion remained at the same level throughout the study in the unheated area. However, it was not possible to sample perch in the unheated area between October 1986 and May 1987 and changes in the parasite population could have occurred during this period. The prevalence and relative density of D. spathaceum, the lens form, was on the contrary low, especially in the unheated site where it was recorded only occasionally. The infection of D. baeri exhibited a convex pattern in both thermal regimes, although the peak infection was noticed earlier in the heated area. Regulation of the parasite infrapopulation may have been achieved by the combined effects of a decreased transmission rate of cercariae with increasing age of the host, the mortality of metacercariae as a natural termination of the life span and to selective predation of heavily infected hosts. However, regardless of an increased accumulation rate of metacercariae in the heated area, the relative densities of D. baeri became equal in both thermal regimes at the end of the study. The mortality rate of metacercariae in the heated area was therefore presumably increased as compared with the unheated reference site.