bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protecting oil storage tanks against floods: Natech risk assessment with imprecise probabilities
Authors: Dehghanisanij Alireza , Khakzad Nima , Salzano Ernesto , Amyotte Paul 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNatechs are technological accidents that are triggered by natural disasters. The increase in the frequency and severity of climatic natural disasters along with the growth of industrialization has accelerated the demand for development of dedicated methodologies for risk assessment and management of Natechs. Due to a lack of accurate and sufficient data, risk assessment of Natechs has largely been based on subjective assumptions and imprecise probabilities, making the assessed risks and the subsequent risk management strategies deficient in terms of cost‐effectiveness. In the present study, evidence theory, as an effective technique for dealing with imprecise probabilities, and Bayesian network, as an effective tool for reasoning under uncertainty, are combined to develop a methodology for risk analysis of Natechs based on imprecise probabilities with no attempt to increase the precision of the input data but the accuracy and cost‐effectiveness of the outcomes. Flotation of oil tanks during floods has been considered to exemplify the methodology. The methodology is demonstrated to outperform conventional approaches where average probabilities or generic probability distributions are used instead of interval probabilities for risk assessment and management.
Formation of Methanol via Fischer‐Tropsch Catalysis by Cosmic Iron Sulphide
Authors: Martinez‐Bachs Berta , Anguera‐Gonzalez Alexia , Pareras Gerard , Rimola Albert 
Published: May 2024

AbstractChemical reactions in the gas phase of the interstellar medium face significant challenges due to its extreme conditions (i. e., low gas densities and temperatures), necessitating the presence of dust grains to facilitate the synthesis of molecules inaccessible in the gas phase. While interstellar grains are known to enhance encounter rates and dissipate energy from exothermic reactions, their potential as chemical catalysts remain less explored. Here, we present mechanistic insights into the Fischer‐Tropsch‐type methanol (FTT‐CH3OH) synthesis by reactivity of CO with H2 and using cosmic FeS surfaces as heterogeneous catalysts. Periodic quantum chemical calculations were employed to characterize the potential energy surface of the reactions on the (011) and (001) FeS surfaces, considering different Fe coordination environments and S vacancies. Kinetic calculations were also conducted to assess catalytic capacity and allocate reaction processes within the astrochemical framework. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of FeS‐based astrocatalysis in the FTT‐CH3OH synthesis. The reactions and their energetics were elucidated from a mechanistic standpoint. Kinetic analysis demonstrates the temperature dependency of the simulated processes, underscoring the compulsory need of energy sources considering the astrophysical scenario. Our results provide insights into the presence of CH3OH in diverse regions where current models struggle to explain its observational quantity.
Velocity Map Imaging Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Silver Iodide Aerosol Particles
Authors: Danilović Danijela , Nahon Laurent , Garcia Gustavo A. , Milosavljević Aleksandar R. , Vukmirović Nenad , Dojčilović Radovan , Tošić Dragana , Djoković Vladimir , Božanić Dušan K. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe valence band electronic structure of isolated silver iodide nanoparticles (AgI NP) was investigated by vacuum‐ultraviolet aerosol photoelectron spectroscopy using the velocity map imaging technique (VUV VMI‐PES). The VUV VMI‐PES results were obtained for polydisperse aerosol produced by aggregation of hydrocolloid of silver iodide particles 8–15 nm in size. The ionization energy of the AgI particles was found to be 6.0±0.1 eV with respect to the vacuum level. The DFT calculations showed that the main contribution to the density of AgI electronic states in the valence region originates from I 5p orbitals. The dependence of the asymmetry parameter on the electron energy showed that the value of the characteristic energy loss of excited photoelectrons was 2.7 eV, which coincided with the band gap of the nanomaterial.
Janus Cr2BN Monolayer with Ferroelectricity and Room‐Temperature Ferromagnetism
Authors: Yan Xu , Wang Junyuan , Liu Yong , Yang Guochun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractJanus monolayers, a special kind of two‐dimensional materials, offer an exciting platform for the development of novel electronic/spintronic devices because of their out‐of‐plane asymmetry. Herein, we propose a sandwich liked Janus tetragonal Cr2BN monolayer with ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism through first‐principles calculations. The predicted magnetic moment is up to ~3.0 μB/Cr originating from the distorted square crystal field induced by out‐of‐plane asymmetry. The Cr2BN monolayer possesses an intrinsic ferromagnetism with a high Curie temperature of 383 K and a sizeable magnetic anisotropy energy of 171 μeV/Cr. Its robust ferromagnetism, dominating by the multi‐anion mediated super‐exchange interactions, can even resist −5 % ~5 % biaxial strain. Its large cohesive energy and high dynamical/thermal stability provide a strong feasibility for experimental synthesis. These intriguing properties render the Cr2BN monolayer a promising material for nanoscale spintronic devices.
Inhibition of HDAC2 sensitises antitumour therapy by promoting NLRP3/GSDMD‐mediated pyroptosis in colorectal cancer
Authors: Guan Xin , Liu Ruiqi , Wang Bojun , Xiong Ruxin , Cui Luying , Liao Yuanyu , Ruan Yuli , Fang Lin , Lu Xiaolin , Yu Xuefan , Su Dan , Ma Yue , Dang Tianjiao , Chen Zhuo , Yao Yuanfei , Liu Chao , Zhang Yanqiao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundAlthough numerous studies have indicated that activated pyroptosis can enhance the efficacy of antitumour therapy in several tumours, the precise mechanism of pyroptosis in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear.MethodsPyroptosis in CRC cells treated with antitumour agents was assessed using various techniques, including Western blotting, lactate dehydrogenase release assay and microscopy analysis. To uncover the epigenetic mechanisms that regulate NLRP3, chromatin changes and NLRP3 promoter histone modifications were assessed using Assay for Transposase‐Accessible Chromatin using sequencing and RNA sequencing. Chromatin immunoprecipitation‒quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to investigate the NLRP3 transcriptional regulatory mechanism. Additionally, xenograft and patient‐derived xenograft models were constructed to validate the effects of the drug combinations.ResultsAs the core molecule of the inflammasome, NLRP3 expression was silenced in CRC, thereby limiting gasdermin D (GSDMD)‐mediated pyroptosis. Supplementation with NLRP3 can rescue pyroptosis induced by antitumour therapy. Overexpression of HDAC2 in CRC silences NLRP3 via epigenetic regulation. Mechanistically, HDAC2 suppressed chromatin accessibility by eliminating H3K27 acetylation. HDAC2 knockout promotes H3K27ac‐mediated recruitment of the BRD4‐p‐P65 complex to enhance NLRP3 transcription. Inhibiting HDAC2 by Santacruzamate A in combination with classic antitumour agents (5‐fluorouracil or regorafenib) in CRC xenograft‐bearing animals markedly activated pyroptosis and achieved a significant therapeutic effect. Clinically, HDAC2 is inversely correlated with H3K27ac/p‐P65/NLRP3 and is a prognostic factor for CRC patients.ConclusionCollectively, our data revealed a crucial role for HDAC2 in inhibiting NLRP3/GSDMD‐mediated pyroptosis in CRC cells and highlighted HDAC2 as a potential therapeutic target for antitumour therapy.Highlights
Silencing of NLRP3 limits the GSDMD‐dependent pyroptosis in colorectal cancer.
HDAC2‐mediated histone deacetylation leads to epigenetic silencing of NLRP3.
HDAC2 suppresses the NLRP3 transcription by inhibiting the formation of H3K27ac/BRD4/p‐P65 complex.
Targeting HDAC2 activates pyroptosis and enhances therapeutic effect.
Human metabolism of the semi‐synthetic cannabinoids hexahydrocannabinol, hexahydrocannabiphorol and their acetates using hepatocytes and urine samples
Authors: Lindbom Karin , Norman Caitlyn , Baginski Steven , Krebs Lucas , Stalberga Darta , Rautio Tobias , Wu Xiongyu , Kronstrand Robert , Gréen Henrik 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHexahydrocannabinol (HHC), hexahydrocannabiphorol (HHCP) and their acetates, HHC‐O and HHCP‐O, respectively, are emerging in Europe as alternatives to tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). This study aimed to elucidate the metabolic pathways of the semi‐synthetic cannabinoids HHC, HHCP, HHC‐O and HHCP‐O from incubation with human hepatocytes. The metabolites of HHC were also identified in authentic urine samples. HHC, HHCP, HHC‐O and HHCP‐O were incubated with primary human hepatocytes for 1, 3 and 5 h. Authentic urine samples from cases screened positive for cannabis in blood using ELISA but confirmed negative were analysed both non‐hydrolysed and hydrolysed for HHC metabolites. Potential metabolites were identified using ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to a quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer (QToF‐MS). HHC and HHCP were primarily metabolised through monohydroxylation (monoOH), followed by oxidation to a carboxylic acid metabolite. HHC‐O and HHCP‐O were rapidly metabolised to HHC and HHCP, respectively. In authentic urine samples, 18 different metabolites were identified, and 99.3% of hydroxylated metabolites were glucuronidated. 11‐OH‐HHC, 5′OH‐HHC and another metabolite with a monoOH on the side chain were the only metabolites present in all 16 urine samples. The metabolism of HHC and HHCP were similar, although the longer alkyl side chain of HHCP (heptyl) led to greater hydroxylation on the side chain than HHC (pentyl). The use of HHC and HHCP can be differentiated from the use of THC and other phytocannabinoids, but the use of the acetate analogues may not be differentiable from their non‐acetate analogues.
Aboveground biomass determines canopy rainfall interception loss in Semiarid Grassland Communities
Authors: Luo Yang , Yang Quan , Zhou Junjie , Jian Chunxia , Chen Zhifei , Xiong Peifeng , Palta Jairo A. , Xu Bingcheng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCanopy rainfall interception is one key hydrological process, affecting rainwater redistribution and effectiveness in semiarid regions. Canopy rainfall interception loss is jointly influenced by meteorology, vegetation and topography. The canopy water storage capacity (S), rainfall interception depth (Im) and ratio (I%) and vegetation characteristics, together with topographic factors of three grassland communities (dominated by Bothriochloa ischaemum, Lespedeza davurica and Artemisia gmelinii, respectively) were investigated on the Loess Plateau of China during the main growing season (June to September). Results showed that Im ranged from 0.55 to 0.89 mm and I% ranged from 6.14% to 12.1%, with the maximum values occurring in August for three communities, and A. gmelinii community had the largest Im (0.89 mm) and I% (12.1%). The Im and I% were positively correlated with aboveground biomass (AGB), coverage (Cov), leaf area index (LAI), community‐weighted mean height (CWMH) and altitude (Alt), but negatively correlated with slope degree and rainfall intensity (RI). Hierarchical partitioning analysis (HPA) showed that AGB had the highest contribution for Im (20.3%), while Alt had the highest contribution for I% (18.2%). The regression models based on forward selection could effectively predict the values of Im (R2 = 0.802, RMSE = 0.049) and I% (R2 = 0.546, RMSE = 1.434). Topographic factors (altitude, slope degree and aspect) indirectly influenced both Im and I% by modulating vegetation characteristics (AGB, Cov, etc.). All these indicated that aboveground biomass mainly determines grassland community rainfall interception loss in the semiarid Loess Plateau.
2024 update in heart failure
Authors: Beghini Alberto , Sammartino Antonio Maria , Papp Zoltán , von Haehling Stephan , Biegus Jan , Ponikowski Piotr , Adamo Marianna , Falco Luigi , Lombardi Carlo Mario , Pagnesi Matteo , Savarese Gianluigi , Metra Marco , Tomasoni Daniela 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the last years, major progress has occurred in heart failure (HF) management. The 2023 ESC focused update of the 2021 HF guidelines introduced new key recommendations based on the results of the last years of science. First, two drugs, sodium–glucose co‐transporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and finerenone, a novel nonsteroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA), are recommended for the prevention of HF in patients with diabetic chronic kidney disease (CKD). Second, SGLT2 inhibitors are now recommended for the treatment of HF across the entire left ventricular ejection fraction spectrum. The benefits of quadruple therapy in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) are well established. Its rapid and early up‐titration along with a close follow‐up with frequent clinical and laboratory re‐assessment after an episode of acute HF (the so‐called ‘high‐intensity care’ strategy) was associated with better outcomes in the STRONG‐HF trial. Patients experiencing an episode of worsening HF might require a fifth drug, vericiguat. In the STEP‐HFpEF‐DM and STEP‐HFpEF trials, semaglutide 2.4 mg once weekly administered for 1 year decreased body weight and significantly improved quality of life and the 6 min walk distance in obese patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) with or without a history of diabetes. Further data on safety and efficacy, including also hard endpoints, are needed to support the addition of acetazolamide or hydrochlorothiazide to a standard diuretic regimen in patients hospitalized due to acute HF. In the meantime, PUSH‐AHF supported the use of natriuresis‐guided diuretic therapy. Further options and most recent evidence for the treatment of HF, including specific drugs for cardiomyopathies (i.e., mavacamten in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and tafamidis in transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis), device therapies, cardiac contractility modulation and percutaneous treatment of valvulopathies, with the recent finding from the TRILUMINATE Pivotal trial, are also reviewed in this article.
Pro‐ and antitumorigenic functions of γδ T cells
Authors: Fiala Gina J. , Lücke Jöran , Huber Samuel 
Published: May 2024

Abstractγδ T cells are a subset of T cells that are characterized by the expression of a TCR‐γδ instead of a TCR‐αβ. Despite being outnumbered by their αβ T cell counterpart in many tissues, studies from the last 20 years underline their important and non‐redundant roles in tumor and metastasis development. However, whether a γδ T cell exerts pro‐ or antitumorigenic effects seems to depend on a variety of factors, many of them still incompletely understood today. In this review, we summarize mechanisms by which γδ T cells exert these seemingly contradictory effector functions in mice and humans. Furthermore, we discuss the current view on inducing and inhibiting factors of γδ T cells during cancer development.
Socio‐demographic and infrastructural variables influencing maternal risk concentration among ever‐married women of reproductive age in rural West Bengal, India
Authors: Ghosh Alokananda , Mistri Biswaranjan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe risk of a woman dying as a result of pregnancy or childbirth during her lifetime is about one in six in the poorest parts of the world.ObjectivesThe present study aims to determine prevalence of maternal risk and the influencing variables among ever‐married women belonging to the reproductive age group (15–49) of Birbhum district, West Bengal.MethodsA cohort‐based retrospective cross‐sectional study was carried out among the sample of 229 respondents through a purposive stratified random sampling method and a pre‐designed semi‐structured questionnaire. The ordinal logistic regression (OLR) model was taken as a tool of assessment. Before developing the proportional OLR model, we have checked the multicollinearity effect among the predictors and the first‐order effect modifier was evaluated as well. We performed data analysis using SPSS version 26.ResultsThe result shows that illiterate women (Odds ratios [OR] = 2.81, 95% CI, 0.277–1.791), from lower standard of living (OR = 1.14, 95% CI, −0.845–1.116), married before the age of 15 years (OR = 21.96, 95% CI, −0.55–6.73) and between the age of 15–18 years (OR = 24.51. 95% CI, −0.45–6.85) are more likely to be affected by the higher concentration of maternal risk. Other important predictor is the time of pregnancy registration. Considering the transport and related en‐route causalities, the result portraying a clear picture where the distance and travel time becoming significant factors in determining the concentration of maternal risk.ConclusionIncidences of child marriages should be restricted. Eradicating factors influencing an individual's decision to seek care would be an essential contribution in excluding the dominant maternal risk factors.
The impact of digital literacy on personal health: Evidence from the China family panel study
Authors: Li Hao , Yang Zihan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn the digital era, digital literacy is a fundamental indicator of a nation's quality and plays a crucial role in public health. Exploring the theoretical mechanisms and effects of digital literacy on individuals' health is of great practical importance, advancing the initiatives of ‘Digital China’ and ‘Healthy China’.MethodsThe study utilised three‐period survey panel data from the China Family Panel Study spanning 2016, 2018, and 2020 to measure and evaluate levels of digital literacy, physical health, mental health, healthy lifestyle, and integrated health among the participants. Subsequently, a series of empirical analyses were conducted to examine the general impact, heterogeneous effects and transmission pathways of digital literacy on various types of health levels.ResultsDigital literacy significantly enhances all aspects of respondents' health, and this conclusion remains valid even after conducting robustness tests and addressing endogeneity through variable substitution and selecting instrumental variables using the 2SLS method. Furthermore, examining heterogeneity by considering individual traits and the makeup of digital literacy reveals that the impact of digital literacy on individuals' health varies according to age, cultural background, personal income, and the components of digital literacy. Pathway analyses also demonstrate that medical accessibility, information access, social network, and planned behaviour are key routes through which digital literacy enhances the health of the population.ConclusionsIt is imperative for the government to actively promote the advancement of the digital healthcare industry, while individuals should strive to enhance their digital literacy. By collectively focussing on these efforts, national health can be significantly improved.
Assessing the survival time of hospitalized patients in Eastern Ethiopia during 2019–2020 using the Bayesian approach: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Gashu Chalachew , Kassa Yoseph , Geremew Habtamu , Mulugeta Mengestie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsSevere acute malnutrition remains a significant health challenge, particularly in low‐ and middle‐income countries. The aim of this study was to determine the survival time of under‐five children with severe acute malnutrition.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted at a hospital, focusing on under‐five children with severe acute malnutrition. The study included 322 inpatients admitted to the Chiro hospital in Chiro, Ethiopia, between September 2019 and August 2020, whose data was obtained from medical records. Survival functions were analysed using Kaplan‒Meier plots and log‐rank tests. The survival time of severe acute malnutrition was further analysed using the Cox proportional hazards model and Bayesian parametric survival models, employing integrated nested Laplace approximation methods.ResultsAmong the 322 patients, 118 (36.6%) died as a result of severe acute malnutrition. The estimated median survival time for inpatients was found to be 2 weeks. Model selection criteria favored the Bayesian Weibull accelerated failure time model, which demonstrated that age, body temperature, pulse rate, nasogastric (NG) tube usage, hypoglycemia, anemia, diarrhea, dehydration, malaria, and pneumonia significantly influenced the survival time of severe acute malnutrition.ConclusionsThis study revealed that children below 24 months, those with altered body temperature and pulse rate, NG tube usage, hypoglycemia, and comorbidities such as anemia, diarrhea, dehydration, malaria, and pneumonia had a shorter survival time when affected by severe acute malnutrition under the age of five. To reduce the death rate of children under 5 years of age, it is necessary to design community management for acute malnutrition to ensure early detection and improve access to and coverage for children who are malnourished.
3E analyses of different blend fuels in an internal combustion engine
Authors: Leal Elisângela Martins , Silva Wiliam Nascimento 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn response to the escalating emphasis on sustainability across diverse sectors, this study addresses the imperative to combat environmental degradation through conscientious development. The primary focus is on assessing the feasibility of replacing fossil fuels with renewable alternatives in internal combustion engines (ICEs) equipped with direct fuel injection. The research employs energy and exergy analyses, coupled with economic analysis, to comprehensively evaluate the performance of fuels and blends. Applying the Lotus Engine software, computational analyses are conducted, taking into account the specific geometry of the engine. Simulations explore different λ‐factors to identify optimal performance configurations for each fuel or blend. Noteworthy outcomes reveal that blends featuring green hydrogen yield remarkable improvements, showing high torque (max. +11.5%), power (max. +14.35%), thermal efficiency (max. +3%), and exergy efficiency (max. +21.56%). These blends also demonstrate reduced operating costs (max. −10%), although with higher exergy losses, indicating areas for potential enhancement. Conversely, fuels containing ethanol show intermediate values between the blends and pure fuels. Consequently, this study effectively establishes the significance of these fuels in ICEs, supported by comprehensive energy, exergy, and economic analyses. The findings underscore the promising potential of renewable fuels as viable alternatives to fossil fuels, marking a substantial stride towards sustainable energy solutions and environmental preservation.