bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
#2806 Role of non-HLA antibodies in pre-transplant evaluation of antibody-mediated damage risk
Authors: Solà-Porta Eulàlia , Pérez-Saéz María José , Redondo-Pachón Dolores , Eguía Jorge , Caro José Luis , Federico-Vega Judith , Gimeno Javier , Buxeda Anna , Burballa Carla , Crespo Marta 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Donor-specific HLA antibodies (HLA-DSA) contribute to antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) after kidney transplantation (KT) and worse graft-survival. Non-HLA antibodies may play a role in the development of ABMR in the presence of HLA-DSA or in the development of microvascular inflammation (MVI) in the absence of HLA-DSA. Considering both antibodies in potential recipients before or after KT could enhance the prediction of post-KT ABMR/MVI.

Method
Retrospective study of a cohort of 169 KT recipients with: a) pre- and post-KT sera; b) follow-up HLA antibody monitoring; and c) follow-up biopsies. We determined the presence of 60 non-HLA antibodies in sera with a multiplex test: the Single Non-HLA Beads kit (LIFECODES®) on a Luminex® platform. We obtained an absolute number of positive antibodies and a sample MFI ratio sum according to which we stratified results into quartiles.

Results
Pre-KT, we detected a 15.4% of KT recipients with high HLA sensitization (cPRA &gt;50%), being 8.3% HLA-DSA, and non-HLA antibodies in 85% of KT recipients, with a median of 3 (2-5) antibodies and a median MFI ratio sum of 10.1 (2.9-18.5). During a median follow-up of 60 (18.5-89) months 73 patients developed ABMR/MVI. We observed that a high burden of pre-KT non-HLA antibodies was associated with a higher risk of ABMR/MVI, regardless of HLA sensitization and pre-KT HLA-DSA. Notably, 57% of patients with ABMR/MVI had a high non-HLA burden before KT and 24.6% had a HLA cPRA &gt;50%. Altogether, 68.5% of these patients showed either a high HLA sensitization or a high non-HLA burden before KT (Figure).

Conclusion
A high non-HLA preTR non-HLA antibody burden detected with a multiplex panel allows identification of patients more likely to develop ABMR/MVI, irrespective of the presence of anti-HLA antibodies.
#1996 Identification of the biological bases associated with the mTOR-I-related podocytopathy through high-resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Candiano Giovanni , Granata Simona , Bruschi Maurizio , Zaza Gianluigi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
mTOR inhibitors (mTOR-I) often cause podocytopathy with the development of proteinuria (sometimes in the nephrotic range) in kidney transplant patients, but the biological mechanisms underlying this effect have been only partially defined.

Method
Immortalized human podocytes were treated in vitro with different everolimus (EVE) doses (10, 100, 200, 500 nM) for 24 h. Total cell lysates and supernatants were subjected to high-resolution mass spectrometry (Proteomics analysis). Innovative tests were used for bioinformatics analysis, including the Support Vector machine (SVM) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The results were validated in vitro and in human urine samples from 30 patients treated with EVE-based immunosuppressive treatment, using various molecular biology techniques (western blot, ELISA).

Results
Proteomic evaluation identified more than 7000 differentially expressed proteins. Among these, after a conservative statistical analysis, 78 showed an expression level significantly and directly correlated with EVE dosage. Functional analysis of the selected proteins showed a biological interconnection that involved several pathways, including kinases, cell cycle regulation, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and protein synthesis. Osteopontin (SPP1) and Polo Like Kinase 2 (PLK2) were two of the most significantly correlated proteins (p &lt; 0.00001, FDR&lt;0.5%). The data were then confirmed through biomolecular experiments in vitro and in vivo in urine samples from kidney transplant recipients who received immunosuppressive treatment with EVE.

Conclusion
This study, for the first time, analyzed the biological impact of mTOR-I on podocytes, helping to understand not only the molecular basis of its therapeutic effect but also the biological reasons underlying their adverse events (particularly proteinuria). Validation of our data on larger cohorts of patients treated with this category of drugs will help identify new therapeutic targets to minimize adverse effects.
#2313 Perspectives in immunosuppression management following post renal graft failure: a Portuguese national survey
Authors: Venda João , Dos Santos Henriques Andreia , Leal Rita , Alves Rui 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
The best approach to immunosuppression withdrawal post renal graft failure is controversial. Maintaining immunosuppressive therapy may preserve residual diuresis and prevent allosensitization, which is beneficial for a subsequent transplant. However, prolonged maintenance is associated with an increased risk of infection, metabolic side effects and neoplasia. No standardized protocol exists and immunosuppression is center and nephrologist dependent. Our aim was to document immunosuppression practices nationally amongst Portuguese nephrologists.

Method
A national survey of 5 short questions was conducted among residents and specialists in Nephrology in Portugal through email distribution by the Portuguese Society of Nephrology.

Results
We received a total of 90 responses, with 54.4% (n = 49) of participants working at a renal transplant unit. When faced with a patient returning to dialysis after graft loss, 66.7% (n = 60) immediately discontinue the antimetabolite, maintaining the calcineurin inhibitor and prednisolone, 33.3% (n = 30) maintain only the prednisolone and no respondent maintains mycophenolate mofetil or equivalent. Among those who maintain calcineurin inhibitors and steroids, 46.6% (n = 28) wean calcineurin inhibitor within 6 months to 1 year following graft loss, 23% (n = 14) discontinue calcineurin inhibitor within 3 to 6 months, and 30% (n = 18) discontinue calcineurin inhibitors before the first three months after graft loss. Considering steroids, 36.7% (N = 32) discontinue prednisone after one year post graft loss, and 64.3% (N = 58) of the Nephrologists maintain steroids indefinitely or until graft removal or steroid associated complications. The majority (83.3%, n = 75) agreed that the risk of the toxic rejection of the graft is the main factor deciding to maintain immunosuppression, followed by the possibility of re-transplantation (56.7%, n = 51) and the risk of infection was the major concern to withdrawal (55.6%, n = 50). All the participants considered this is an important or very important issue in kidney transplantation, that needs further investigation.

Conclusion
Immunosuppression management is one of the most challenging issues in patients with a failing or failed graft. Several working groups are being developed to discuss the best approach of the patients with a failing graft but only the British Transplantation Society have published guidelines. In this survey we can observe important disparity of different approaches, mostly physician/centre dependent. The current evidence is weak, calling the need for larger studies and a standardized protocol-based approach.
Rethinking food policy framework to tackle childhood obesity in the Italian context
Authors: Loperfido Federica , Vincenti Alessandra , Basilico Sara , Conti Maria Vittoria , Orsini Francesca , Franchi Carlotta , Sossan Cristina , Magarini Andrea , Zuccotti Gianvincenzo , Calcaterra Valeria , Cena Hellas 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Pediatric obesity has been described by the World Health Organization as 1 of the most serious public health challenges of the 21st century. Projections of increasing burdens of pediatric obesity and its related diseases on society highlight the need for urgent and substantial action. Many scientific and public debates about the prevention of childhood obesity are centered around simple dichotomies presenting a single-level solution. In contrast, efficient prevention programs should overcome these overly simplistic dichotomies and proceed in the early years of life within the family environment and the whole society, throughout one's lifetime. Food policies have the potential to counteract pediatric obesity by creating healthy food environments. However, the current food policies approach lacks monitoring indicators to assess short- and long-term impact, and is not well integrated into regional, national, and cross-cutting initiatives. Therefore, redesigning and rethinking food policy strategies and goals is an important opportunity to address childhood obesity, safeguard the planet, and contribute to economic and social prosperity.
Work and Retirement Among Women: The Health and Employment After Fifty Study
Authors: Palermo G , D’Angelo S , Ntani G , Bevilacqua G , Walker-Bone K 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Women increasingly work beyond age 50+ but their occupational health is under-researched.

Aims
To investigate what jobs older contemporary women do, when they exit their jobs and what factors predict job exit.

Methods
Data came from the Health and Employment After Fifty cohort, which recruited women aged 50–64 at baseline in 2013–14 and has followed them up annually collecting: demographic, lifestyle and work information. Exits from employment were mapped longitudinally over five follow-ups. Time-to-first event Cox regression analyses were used to identify risk factors for job exit.

Results
At baseline, 4436 women participated, 64% of whom were working. The proportions of women working at 50–54, 55–60 and over 60 years were 86%, 79% and 38%, respectively. Amongst all women, after adjustment for age, managing comfortably financially and not coping with the mental demands of the job were associated with exit. Risk factors for job exit differed in the age bands: 50–54; 55–59 and &gt;60 years, reflecting socio-economic status, markers of health (musculoskeletal pain and poor self-rated health) and work factors (under-appreciation, job dissatisfaction, temporary/permanent contracts, coping with work’s physical demands).

Conclusions
Factors contributing to exit from work among older women differ by age group, after controlling for perceived financial position, age and mental demands of the job. A number of work characteristics predict job exit and suggest that employers can play an important role in supporting women to continue working until older ages. Identification and treatment of musculoskeletal pain could also enable work amongst older women.
Privacy and Confidentiality
Authors: Miller Seumas , Bossomaier Terry 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Important privacy and confidentiality issues arise from bulk data, surveillance, and encryption. Thus, analyses of the key ethical notions of privacy (and, relatedly, autonomy, confidentiality and anonymity) but also of security are required; and required in the context of bulk databases and the use of machine-learning techniques (ML), by governments and their security agencies, on the one hand, and by market-based global technology companies (e.g., Google), on the other hand. Ethical issues also arise from the use of high-level encryption. In considering privacy rights and security needs in these contexts, and in offering some ethical guidelines to inform policies in this area, a range of ethical principles are discussed, such as the principles of necessity and proportionality. For instance, in the context of current level of cybercrime in liberal democracies, is the use of end-to-end encryption necessary and, if so, in what specific security settings?
Freedom of Political Communication and Computational Propaganda
Authors: Miller Seumas , Bossomaier Terry 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Freedom of political communication on the internet now exists in the context of an explosion of disinformation, propaganda, and hate speech that has been accelerated by a largely unregulated social media in which social bots, AI, and so on, are used. While there is a presumption in favour of freedom of political communication in liberal democracies, this right brings with it a moral responsibility to comply with principles of evidence-based truth telling. How can disinformation, propaganda, and hate speech be countered without compromising the right to freedom of political communication? Ethical analysis of freedom of communication, disinformation, and ideology are provided. Various practical recommendations are offered for policymakers and regulators with an emphasis on the role to be played by epistemic institutions, such as news media organizations and universities, in the context of a more effectively regulated cyberspace.
Individual and Collective Responsibility for Cybersecurity
Authors: Miller Seumas , Bossomaier Terry 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this final chapter, it is argued that the ethical issues in cybersecurity can be framed as dual-use issues: various cybertechnologies, including social bots, automated drones and blockchains, can be used to achieve great benefits, but in the hands of malevolent state and nonstate actors, they can cause great harm. The satisfactory resolution of the resulting ethical issues involves the discharging of collective moral responsibilities. These collective responsibilities need to be institutionally embedded in webs of prevention. Cybersecurity is, in the end, a collective moral responsibility of both individual citizens and organizations, but a collective responsibility that requires new regulation and the redesign of institutional roles, as well as technical countermeasures to cyberattacks (e.g., passwords, encryption, firewalls, patching, and the like) in order to be discharged. It also involves at times, we suggest, offensive as well as defensive measures.
Replication
Authors: Kane Brian 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter introduces the concept of musical replication, the first of two key processes involved in the emergence of a standard from a network of musical performances. Replication is the process of producing an artifact that can substitute for another within a particular social context of use. By replicating particular aspects, not essential properties, musicians can fashion substitutes that allow for morphological difference while still maintaining identity. The use of chord substitutions in jazz can be understood as a form of musical replication, yet replication is not limited to chords. Throughout the chapter, the standard “Body and Soul” is used as a “case study” to demonstrate how jazz musicians produce both harmonic and melodic replications. This chapter also introduces a major claim of the book: that work-determinative properties of a jazz standard are not necessary properties but rather sufficient properties—that is, properties sufficient for grounding judgments of identity and individuation. Alongside a theory of nomination, or the “naming” of a musical work, a theory of replication helps to explain why two performances of a standard can be performances of one and the same work even though their musical properties (or their musical morphology) might be radically distinct.
Transformations
Authors: Schofield John 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chapter 8 draws together the ideas and thematic discussions covered in this book in the context of some alternative approaches and frameworks for archaeological and heritage research. In terms of approaches, a missions approach is one example while creative practice is another. In terms of the frameworks within which such approaches might be adopted, the notion of Doughnut Economics and the Rainbow Model are examples borrowed from other disciplines. Both relate directly to policymaking, and to influence this area of practice the notion of policy entrepreneurs is discussed again. This is a vital role that some future archaeologists and heritage practitioners may be well suited to fulfilling. Concluding comments are specifically about the future, addressing both leadership within this field of practice, and also pedagogy and the world of archaeology that students should be prepared for. The futures of archaeology and of wicked problems should be closely entangled.
Could a Good God Permit So Much Suffering?
Authors: Sterba James , Swinburne Richard 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
James Sterba argues that the evils of the world are so horrendous that their occurrence conclusively shows the non-existence of the all-good, all-powerful God of traditional theism. Specifically, Sterba argues that his three necessary moral evil prevention requirements (MEPR I–III) that are exceptionless minimal components of the Pauline Principle never to do evil that good may come of, it as well as the basic normative principles that Swinburne employs in his own argument, are logically incompatible with the God of traditional theism’s permitting all the horrendous evil consequences that occur in our world. In response, Richard Swinburne argues that our major benefactors, our parents and the State, have rights to permit us to suffer if doing so is necessary to secure some good for ourselves or others. Hence, Swinburne claims, since God, if he exists, is so much greater a benefactor than are parents and the State, that he has a far greater right to allow us to suffer a lot if allowing such suffering is the only logically possible way for him to secure some very great goods for ourselves or others. Swinburne then argues that the goods made possible by allowing humans to cause or cope with great evils, such as that we can make great differences to ourselves and others, and thereby make ourselves very saintly people, are very great goods.
Rewriting Geoffrey of Monmouth
Authors: Henley Georgia 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter considers the Epitome historiae Britanniae, an abbreviation of Geoffrey of Monmouth’s Historia regum Britanniae written from a South Welsh perspective in the late fourteenth century. The chapter contrasts the way the history was read in Wales (as an explanation for Welsh loss with a promise of future regeneration in the era of rapid political change leading up to the rebellion of Owain Glyndŵr) with how it was read in the March of Wales (as an outline of the historical past and royal lineage that the marchers had now inherited). The Epitome historiae Brianniae’s explanation of the classical origins of the Britons, the loss of Welsh independence, and the foundation of the church in South Wales was adapted to fit the political geography of the early fifteenth century, when control over South Wales was reasserted after the Glyndŵr rebellion’s failure. The transmission of this text from South Wales to the March of Wales is a primary example of how marcher interest in the Welsh past drew Welsh historical texts out of Wales.
Royal Aspirations
Authors: Henley Georgia 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the reimagining of British historical memory by the Mortimers of Wigmore in the late fourteenth century. At this time, Roger Mortimer, 4th earl of March, became the presumptive heir to Richard II, prompting chroniclers at Wigmore Abbey to draw together a compilation of historical texts and genealogies, several of which are edited by the author for the first time. These genealogies emphasized his right to rule in an elaborate presentation of hybrid English and Welsh ancestry. Using Welsh textual sources, genealogists traced his Welsh and English ancestry back to the legendary founders of Britain, doubling his claim to the throne. This creative refashioning of the past on the part of family chroniclers illustrates the leverage of Welsh familial connections by marcher baronial families. Their efforts positioned Roger Mortimer as uniquely qualified to unite the kingdoms of Britain and offered an important model for Edward IV’s and Henry Tudor’s later uses of Welsh ancestry to support their own royal claims.
General Aspects of the Anti-Torture Normative Framework
Authors: O’Rourke Maeve 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides a basic outline of the doctrinal framework constituting the rule against torture and ill-treatment as it is understood by a range of United Nations and regional human rights treaty bodies. It explains the two key interpretive tasks of human rights actors seeking to apply the norm, namely to establish if torture or ill-treatment crossing the minimum level of severity threshold has occurred and, if so, to identify the state’s obligations in relation to such behaviour. The chapter outlines the positive obligations espoused to date under the anti-torture norm, both in the Convention Against Torture and in treaty bodies’ jurisprudence. It further summarizes key principles according to which the human rights treaty bodies tend to evaluate whether ill-treatment has reached the minimum level of severity of suffering required for a finding of a substantive violation of the anti-torture norm.
Inadequate Continence Care
Authors: O’Rourke Maeve 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter applies the book’s conception of a dignity violation to the problem of inadequate continence care. The issue is an exemplar of the care-related suffering experienced by many older people at home, in hospital, in institutional long-term care settings, and in other care environments. The chapter argues that inadequate continence care should be recognized as capable in principle of breaching the anti-torture norm, and that states’ positive obligations under the norm should be interpreted to require the substantive empowerment of older people in relation to their care needs and in professional care settings. To make these arguments the chapter explores the impact on the personality of powerlessness to respond to continence care needs; it further identifies numerous sources of older people’s situational powerlessness regarding their care to which states’ positive obligations could respond.
Library rhyme times and mothers’ mental health
Authors: Boulton Charlotte , Lee Ben , Mears Sarah 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chapter 13 reports on a reflective practice project with Essex Libraries in the United Kingdom to explore whether library-based rhyme times could support the mental health of mothers of pre-school-aged children. The chapter reports on the design, implementation, and review of a series of evidence-based modifications to existing rhyme time sessions at eight libraries aimed to benefit the wellbeing of mothers. An evaluation framework indicated that mothers linked their attendance at the modified rhyme times with a positive effect on their mood and mental wellbeing, both immediately and over a longer period. There was wide reach in attendance from mothers, including first-time mothers and mothers from across the socioeconomic spectrum, and the chapter concludes that rhyme times can be modified, delivered consistently, and evaluated in terms of impact, reach, and delivery.
Introduction
Authors: Taylor Helena 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The Introduction establishes the aims and contributions of this study. It argues that the struggle to define the female intellectual in seventeenth-century France shaped and reflected debates over the nature and value of literature. Drawing on a wide-ranging corpus and privileging women’s representations of the female intellectual, the chapter shows how such representations were entwined with authors’ receptions of Western antiquity—whose authority was being contested in the century-long Quarrel of the Ancients and Moderns—and with their authorial ethos and career strategies. The Introduction highlights an instance of that definitional struggle in the contested figure of the ‘(femme) savante’ which is shown, using word history, to rise to prominence as a pejorative term thanks to Madeleine de Scudéry’s early work. The Introduction delineates the book’s methodology and approaches, in terms of ‘quarrels’, corpus selection, socio-literary conceptions of the literary market, and gender as a category of analysis. It closes with summaries of the chapters.