bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-dual Reality and Empirical Existence in Advaita Vedānta and Ghazālī’s Metaphysics of Unity
Authors: Laude Patrick 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis essay explores the ways in which two distinct spiritual traditions, Ghazālī’s Ṣūfīsm and Śaṅkarian Advaita Vedānta, articulate an exclusive metaphysical affirmation of the Ultimate Reality with an empirical recognition of relative existence. Both perspectives are shown to be radically absolutist in their discernment of the Real and in their denying metaphysical reality to other-than-the-Absolute. This raises the question of the ontological status of relativity and empirical existence. Although Islam would seem to assign a greater reality to the world of relativity and human experience, Ghazālī’s most metaphysical treatise, Mishkāt al-anwār (The Niche of Lights), utterly denies the intrinsic reality of creatures in themselves. Similarly, Śaṅkara affirms the non-existence of māyā, the principle of ignorance and duality, as a superimposition upon ātman, the Divine Self immanent to all. Ghazālī concedes, however, that relative existence is “metaphorically” existent (majāz) while Śaṅkara acknowledges the “transactional” reality (vyāvahārika) of empirical existence. Such recognitions involve a multi-stratified view of reality that must account for both metaphysical consistency and empirical access to Reality. This essay shows that although fundamental parallels between the two worlds of meaning can be highlighted, their respective metaphysical perspectives and views of relativity are also quite distinct inasmuch as they are informed by profoundly different religious and traditional contexts.
Connecting sustainability and computer science curricula through website learning projects embedding different types of student-generated content
Authors: Blanco José Miguel , Domínguez César , Jaime Arturo , Usandizaga Imanol 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTeaching and learning methods that are related to student-generated content (SGC) seem a promising strategy for including sustainable development goals (SDGs) in education (established as a fundamental cornerstone in the achievement of these goals by the United Nations). This paper describes the inclusion of SDGs through the implementation of website learning projects, whose products are SGC where materials developed by students can be made available to other students (from the same or different courses) in Project Management subjects of the Degree in Computer Science. The method has trialled at two different universities working in a coordinated way. A total of 301 students developed these projects with which they completed the content of the subject, in addition to achieving learning with respect to the SDGs, increasing their understanding of the impact of information and communication technologies on the SDGs, and their awareness of the related problems. We also found that more learning is perceived with information search and content generation activities than with those that focus on the use of materials produced by peers. Finally, it is observed that the method has similar results in different contexts and with different groups of students.
A Genuinely Hybrid, Multiscale 3D Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Modelling Framework
Authors: Katsaounis Dimitrios , Harbour Nicholas , Williams Thomas , Chaplain Mark AJ , Sfakianakis Nikolaos 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe introduce in this paper substantial enhancements to a previously proposed hybrid multiscale cancer invasion modelling framework to better reflect the biological reality and dynamics of cancer. These model updates contribute to a more accurate representation of cancer dynamics, they provide deeper insights and enhance our predictive capabilities. Key updates include the integration of porous medium-like diffusion for the evolution of Epithelial-like Cancer Cells and other essential cellular constituents of the system, more realistic modelling of Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition and Mesenchymal–Epithelial Transition models with the inclusion of Transforming Growth Factor beta within the tumour microenvironment, and the introduction of Compound Poisson Process in the Stochastic Differential Equations that describe the migration behaviour of the Mesenchymal-like Cancer Cells. Another innovative feature of the model is its extension into a multi-organ metastatic framework. This framework connects various organs through a circulatory network, enabling the study of how cancer cells spread to secondary sites.
Coevolution of Age-Structured Tolerance and Virulence
Authors: Buckingham Lydia J. , Ashby Ben 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHosts can evolve a variety of defences against parasitism, including resistance (which prevents or reduces the spread of infection) and tolerance (which protects against virulence). Some organisms have evolved different levels of tolerance at different life-stages, which is likely to be the result of coevolution with pathogens, and yet it is currently unclear how coevolution drives patterns of age-specific tolerance. Here, we use a model of tolerance-virulence coevolution to investigate how age structure influences coevolutionary dynamics. Specifically, we explore how coevolution unfolds when tolerance and virulence (disease-induced mortality) are age-specific compared to when these traits are uniform across the host lifespan. We find that coevolutionary cycling is relatively common when host tolerance is age-specific, but cycling does not occur when tolerance is the same across all ages. We also find that age-structured tolerance can lead to selection for higher virulence in shorter-lived than in longer-lived hosts, whereas non-age-structured tolerance always leads virulence to increase with host lifespan. Our findings therefore suggest that age structure can have substantial qualitative impacts on host–pathogen coevolution.
Institutionelles Erinnern und Alltagserinnern
Authors: Grauert Hanna 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag untersucht Temporalitäts- und Normativitätsschichten interaktionalen Vergangenheitsrekonstruierens am Beispiel von Kontrollpraktiken eines Ordnungsamtes: Bisher in der sozialwissenschaftlichen Gedächtnisforschung noch wenig beleuchtet, konzentriert sich dieser Beitrag auf Prozesse des Erinnerns erst kürzlich zurückliegender Ereignisse und wie diese interaktiv rekonstruiert werden. Im Organisationsalltag der Ordnungsamtsmitarbeiter:innen spielen vor allem solche Konfliktsituationen eine Rolle, bei denen das erst kürzlich zurückliegende Ereignis (z. B. Parken des Autos) konfliktiv in unterschiedlichen Zeittiefen von Amts- und Zivilpersonen erinnert wird. Dabei treffen systematische, professionell-institutionelle Verfahren des Rekonstruierens auf Alltagspraktiken sozialen Erinnerns. Anhand ethnographischer Daten wird zunächst gezeigt, wie systematische, professionell-institutionelle Verfahren des Rekonstruierens aufgebaut sind. Anschließend werden die konfliktiven Interaktionen zwischen Amts- und Zivilpersonen und die daraus entstehenden Normativitätsebenen und Legitimationsformen analysiert. Die empirischen Daten aus dem Ordnungsamt einer Großstadt in Deutschland zeigen, wie die Vergangenheit mit verschiedenen Praktiken rekonstruiert wird und auf welche Weisen Fragmente alltäglichen Geschehens zu Episoden geteilter, kollektiver Erinnerung in nuce transformiert werden.
Combining the multi-level perspective framework with participatory scenario development to explore the many facets of food system transitions in Germany
Authors: Fiala Valentin , Jacob Klaus 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTransitions to more sustainable food systems are urgently needed, but they are also very complex and hard to achieve. The integration of transdisciplinary approaches into transition research can help to understand and promote sustainable food system transitions, but remains an agenda item in this research field. To fill this gap, this article describes how the multi-level perspective (MLP) can be used as a framework for explorative, participatory scenario development. On the one hand, MLP provides scholars with a framework for understanding the dynamics of transitions. On the other hand, participatory scenario development brings together academic and non-academic actors and perspectives to explore and promote possible development pathways. Based on this framework, researchers and practitioners jointly co-created four scenarios of how the landscape of five relevant European food innovations located in established food systems or niches (alternative sources of proteins, prosumer initiatives, regional value chains, school meal programs, and dietary interventions) might change by 2040 and further explored how these food innovations might evolve under the scenarios. The results provide initial insights into the role that food innovations could play in different transition pathways and also indicate the value of a diverse portfolio of food innovations to respond to changing circumstances. Furthermore, the process allowed participants to develop a shared understanding of food system dynamics and explore potential future risks and opportunities for food innovations, showing that participatory scenarios based on the MLP framework are a useful lens for exploring sustainable food system transitions.
PRRX1 upregulates PD-L1 in human mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Osawa Taro , Yamada Daisuke , Takao Tomoko , Ming Lu , Takarada Takeshi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been demonstrated to be efficacious in clinical applications for the amelioration of immune disorders, including graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) and Crohn's disease. The immunosuppressive role of Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in MSCs is pivotal, yet the regulatory mechanisms governing its expression remain to be fully elucidated. In this study, we explored the influence of paired-related homeobox (PRRX1), a determinant of multipotency and self-renewal in MSCs, on the expression of various surface antigens, notably PD-L1. Multiple isoforms of PRRX1 were found to augment the mRNA levels of MSC markers, such as CD26 and CD317, with all isoforms elevating PD-L1 expression at both mRNA and protein levels. This study reveals that PRRX1 may act as a potential immunomodulatory factor in MSCs by regulating the PD-L1 pathway.
Preparation of Binary and Ternary Laves and µ-Phases in the Ta–Fe(–Al) System for Property Analysis at the Microscale
Authors: Gasper C. , Gao I. Y. , Busch F. A. , Ziemons A. , Beckers D. , Springer H. , Korte-Kerzel S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTopologically close-packed (TCP) intermetallic phases are attractive candidates for adapting the property profile of both structural and functional materials, but their mechanical behavior, in particular below their brittle-to-ductile transition, is generally still poorly understood. The systematic analysis of the underlying deformation mechanisms requires the fabrication of homogeneous samples with sufficiently high purity and large enough grain size. Here, we describe identified pathways on the example of Laves and µ-phases from the binary Ta–Fe and ternary Ta–Fe–Al systems with regard to input materials, liquid metallurgy synthesis, heat treatment, and metallographic preparation methods. Preparation routes for structural analysis by electron backscatter diffraction and mechanical analysis by nanomechanical testing, as well as the transferability of our approach to other alloy systems containing TCP phases, are outlined and discussed.
Comparison of Microwave Versus Conventional Furnace Heat Treatments of Carbide Composite Thermal Spray Coatings
Authors: Matthews Steven , Yang Fei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThermal spraying has become an industrial standard in the production of wear-resistant WC-Co and Cr3C2-NiCr composite coatings. However, generating optimum wear-resistant nano-reinforced carbide microstructures within the coatings remains challenging. The alternative two-step approach in this work involves coating formation under high energy conditions to generate maximum carbide dissolution, followed by heat treatment to precipitate nanocarbides. Microwave heating of particulate materials has been reported to offer several benefits over conventional furnace heating, including faster heating rates, internal rather than external heating, and acceleration of reactions/phase transformations at lower temperatures. This novel work explored the use of microwaves for heat treatment (as distinct from melting) of WC-Co and Cr3C2-NiCr thermal spray coatings and contrasted the rate of phase development with that from conventional furnace treatment. Coatings were successfully microwave heat-treated to generate the same phase composition as furnace treatment. Both treatments generated comparable results in the Cr3C2-NiCr system. The WC-Co system achieved a much more crystalline structure in a dramatically shorter time relative to the conventional furnace-treated sample. The results are contrasted as a function of material and microstructure interaction with microwaves and the critical phase transition temperatures to account for the observed responses.
Echinococcus granulosus Sensu Stricto and Echinococcus multilocularis in a Gray Wolf (Canis lupus) in Turkey: Further Evidence for Increased Risk of Alveolar Echinococcosis in Urban Areas
Authors: Akyuz Muzaffer , Kirman Ridvan , Guven Esin , Balkaya Ibrahim , Avcioglu Hamza 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Objective
The aim of this study was to identify Echinococcus species by morphological and molecular means.

Methods
A dead gray wolf (Canis lupus) was found near Erzurum province and brought to the parasitology laboratory. Sedimentation and counting technique (SCT) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis were conducted.

Results
The SCT implications indicated that the wolf had a substantial worm burden (62,720 and 49,280 parasites) due to a co-infection of E. granulosus s.l. and E. multilocularis. Genus/species-specific PCR was used to analyze DNA extracted from adult worms and confirmed as E. granulosus s.s. and E. multilocularis, utilizing COI and 12S rRNA gene sequence analysis, respectively.

Conclusion
This report presents the first co-detection of E. granulosus s.s. and E. multilocularis in a gray wolf found in an urban area in a highly endemic area for human echinococcosis in northeastern Turkey. The results emphasize that AE is not only a problem of rural areas, but also occurs in urban areas, which may pose a threat to public health. Therefore, surveillance in urban areas is crucial. The need to develop new control strategies for domestic and wildlife in the study area is also highlighted.
Safety and complications of continuation of aspirin therapy in patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic simple prostatectomy
Authors: Saini Sumit , Thakker Parth U. , Ritts Rory , O’Rourke Timothy K. , Hemal Ashok K. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTo evaluate the safety and feasibility of continued perioperative aspirin at the time of robotic assisted simple prostatectomy (RASP). We performed a retrospective review of our IRB approved institutional database of patients who underwent RASP between 2013 and 2022. Comparative groups included patients taking aspirin in the perioperative period and those not taking aspirin pre-operatively. The primary outcome was any post-operative bleeding related complication using the modified Clavien–Dindo classification. Secondary outcomes included the identification of risk factors for increased blood loss in the entire study population, operative time, and blood transfusion requirement. 143 patients underwent RASP of which 55 (38.5%) patients continued perioperative aspirin therapy and 88 (61.5%) patients did not. Baseline demographics were similar between groups. Patients taking perioperative aspirin had a higher rate of hypertension (74.5% vs 58.0%, p = 0.04) and other cardiovascular disease (30.9% vs 11.4%, p = 0.007). Postoperative complications were similar between the groups (Clavien-Dindo ≥ 3; p = 0.43). Median blood loss (150 cc vs 150 cc, p = 0.38), percentage drop in hemoglobin (13.4 vs 13.2, p = 0.94) and blood transfusion rate (3.6 vs 1.1, p = 0.56) were also similar between groups. The median blood loss was 150 ml for the whole study population. On regression analysis, neither aspirin nor any other variable was associated with increased blood loss (> 150 ml). Aspirin can be safely continued perioperatively in patients undergoing RASP without any risk of bleeding related complications, blood loss, or increased transfusion rate.
Multidimensional versus unidimensional pain scales for the assessment of analgesic requirement in the emergency department: a systematic review
Authors: Crisman Elena , Appenzeller-Herzog Christian , Tabakovic Senad , Nickel Christian Hans , Minotti Bruno 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPain is a multidimensional experience, potentially rendering unidimensional pain scales inappropriate for assessment. Prior research highlighted their inadequacy as reliable indicators of analgesic requirement. This systematic review aimed to compare multidimensional with unidimensional pain scales in assessing analgesic requirements in the emergency department (ED). Embase, Medline, CINAHL, and PubMed Central were searched to identify ED studies utilizing both unidimensional and multidimensional pain scales. Primary outcome was desire for analgesia. Secondary outcomes were amount of administered analgesia and patient satisfaction. Two independent reviewers screened, assessed quality, and extracted data of eligible studies. We assessed risk of bias with the ROBINS-I tool and provide a descriptive summary. Out of 845 publications, none met primary outcome criteria. Three studies analyzed secondary outcomes. One study compared the multidimensional Defense and Veterans Pain Rating Scale (DVPRS) to the unidimensional Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) for opioid administration. DVPRS identified more patients with moderate instead of severe pain compared to the NRS. Therefore, the DVPRS might lead to a potential reduction in opioid administration for individuals who do not require it. Two studies assessing patient satisfaction favored the short forms (SF) of the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) and McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) over the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the NRS. Limited heterogenous literature suggests that in the ED, a multidimensional pain scale (DVPRS), may better discriminate moderate and severe pain compared to a unidimensional pain scale (NRS). This potentially impacts analgesia, particularly when analgesic interventions rely on pain scores. Patients might prefer multidimensional pain scales (BPI-SF, MPQ-SF) over NRS or VAS for assessing their pain experience.
The impact of corporate social irresponsibility on prosocial consumer behavior
Authors: Kim Sumin , He Hongwei , Gustafsson Anders 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCorporate social irresponsibility (CSI) refers to violations of the social contract between corporations and society. Existing literature documents its tendency to evoke negative consumer responses toward the firm involved, including unethical consumer behaviors. However, limited research attention deals with its potential impacts on prosocial consumer behavior. With six studies, the current research reveals that when consumers perceive harm due to CSI, they engage in more prosocial behavior due to the arousal of their anger. This effect is weaker among consumers who find the focal CSI issue more personally relevant but stronger among consumers with strong self-efficacy for promoting justice. Perceptions of CSI harm increase with the degree of control that the focal firm has over the CSI. This research thus establishes an effect of CSI harm on prosocial consumer behaviors, through the emotional mechanism of anger; it further shows that consumers seek to restore justice by engaging in prosocial behaviors.
Breaking the Barrier: The Role of Gut Epithelial Permeability in the Pathogenesis of Hypertension
Authors: Snelson Matthew , Vanuytsel Tim , Marques Francine Z. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose of the Review
To review what intestinal permeability is and how it is measured, and to summarise the current evidence linking altered intestinal permeability with the development of hypertension.

Recent Findings
Increased gastrointestinal permeability, directly measured in vivo, has been demonstrated in experimental and genetic animal models of hypertension. This is consistent with the passage of microbial substances to the systemic circulation and the activation of inflammatory pathways. Evidence for increased gut permeability in human hypertension has been reliant of a handful of blood biomarkers, with no studies directly measuring gut permeability in hypertensive cohorts. There is emerging literature that some of these putative biomarkers may not accurately reflect permeability of the gastrointestinal tract.

Summary
Data from animal models of hypertension support they have increased gut permeability; however, there is a dearth of conclusive evidence in humans. Future studies are needed that directly measure intestinal permeability in people with hypertension.
Development of Anti-idiotypic Monoclonal Antibody Mimicking SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Binding Domain
Authors: Kılıç Gamze , Demirkan Elif , Yücel Fatıma 
Published: April 2024

AbstractUsing the hybridoma technique, we developed a panel of anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibodies (aId-mAb) that mimic The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Receptor-Binding Domain (RBD) molecule against Fragment antigen-binding (Fab) of anti-SARS-CoV-2 (S1, RBD) antibodies. Investigated the in vivo and in vitro effects of these aId-mAbs we developed and examined their antigenic mimicry abilities. Among these 12 antibodies, 6 aId-mAbs (designated FY1B4, FY2A6, H9F3, E6G7, FY7E11, and FY8H3) were selected for further characterization in a series of experiments. First, competitive receptor binding assay results confirmed that six aId-mAbs could specifically bind to the ACE2 receptor in target cells and block the interaction between the RBD molecule and the ACE receptor. Moreover, we examined the immunological activities of these aId-mAbs in female BALB/c and showed that E6G7, H7E11, and H8H3 aId-mAbs induce an antibody response by mimicking RBD and stimulating the immune system. It is considered that these three aId-mAbs will be evaluated as SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate molecules in future studies.
The contribution of genetics and epigenetics to MAFLD susceptibility
Authors: Moretti Vittoria , Romeo Stefano , Valenti Luca 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMetabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is the most common liver disease worldwide. The risk of developing MAFLD varies among individuals, due to a combination of environmental inherited and acquired genetic factors. Genome-wide association and next-generation sequencing studies are leading to the discovery of the common and rare genetic determinants of MAFLD. Thanks to the great advances in genomic technologies and bioinformatics analysis, genetic and epigenetic factors involved in the disease can be used to develop genetic risk scores specific for liver-related complications, which can improve risk stratification. Genetic and epigenetic factors lead to the identification of specific sub-phenotypes of MAFLD, and predict the individual response to a pharmacological therapy. Moreover, the variant transcripts and protein themselves represent new therapeutic targets. This review will discuss the current status of research into genetic as well as epigenetic modifiers of MAFLD development and progression.