bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motion compensated generalized reconstruction for free‐breathing dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI
Authors: Filipovic M. , Vuissoz P.‐A. , Codreanu A. , Claudon M. , Felblinger J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe analysis of abdominal and thoracic dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI is often impaired by artifacts and misregistration caused by physiological motion. Breath‐hold is too short to cover long acquisitions. A novel multipurpose reconstruction technique, entitled dynamic contrast‐enhanced generalized reconstruction by inversion of coupled systems, is presented. It performs respiratory motion compensation in terms of both motion artefact correction and registration. It comprises motion modeling and contrast‐change modeling. The method feeds on physiological signals and x‐f space properties of dynamic series to invert a coupled system of linear equations. The unknowns solved for represent the parameters for a linear nonrigid motion model and the parameters for a linear contrast‐change model based on B‐splines. Performance is demonstrated on myocardial perfusion imaging, on six simulated data sets and six clinical exams. The main purpose consists in removing motion‐induced errors from time–intensity curves, thus improving curve analysis and postprocessing in general. This method alleviates postprocessing difficulties in dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI and opens new possibilities for dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI analysis. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Epidemiology and healthcare utilization of neurogenic bladder patients in a us claims database
Authors: Manack Aubrey , Motsko Stephen P. , Haag‐Molkenteller Cornelia , Dmochowski Roger R. , Goehring Earl L. , Nguyen‐Khoa Bao‐Anh , Jones Judith K. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAimsTo characterize the patient profile, medication utilization, and healthcare encounters of patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction related to incontinence.MethodsMedical and pharmacy claims were retrospectively analyzed from April 1, 2002 to March 31, 2007 to characterize neurogenic bladder patients. There were 46,271 patients in the Neurogenic bladder cohort, and 9,315 and 4,168 patients in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) subcohorts, respectively. Demographic data, concomitant diseases, use of overactive bladder (OAB) oral drug, and healthcare encounters were summarized using descriptive statistics.ResultsThe mean age of neurogenic bladder patients was 62.5 (standard deviation 19.6) years. A high frequency of lower urinary tract infections (UTIs; 29%–36%), obstructive uropathies (6%–11%), and urinary retention (9%–14%), was observed. Overall, 33,100 (71.5%) patients were taking an OAB oral drug; 10,110 (30.5%) patients discontinued and did not restart. During the one‐year follow‐up period, 39.0% (8,034) of neurogenic bladder patients had a urology visit, 31.7% (14,679) had a neurology visit, 33.3% (15,415) were hospitalized, and 14.4% (6,646) were in a nursing home (highest rates observed in SCI subcohort). UTI diagnoses comprised over 20% of all hospitalizations one‐year post‐index. Annually, neurogenic bladder patients averaged 16 office and 0.5 emergency room visits.ConclusionsThis is the largest observational study conducted to address the epidemiology of the neurogenic bladder population, including healthcare utilization. These data suggest that patients with neurogenic bladder may have suboptimal management, indicated by high incidences of urinary tract complications and hospitalizations. Neurourol. Urodynam. 30:395–401, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diffusion imaging of brain tumors
Authors: Maier Stephan E. , Sun Yanping , Mulkern Robert V. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMRI offers a tremendous armamentarium of different methods that can be employed in brain tumor characterization. MR diffusion imaging has become a widely accepted method to probe for the presence of fluid pools and molecular tissue water mobility. For most clinical applications of diffusion imaging, it is assumed that the diffusion signal vs diffusion weighting factor b decays monoexponentially. Within this framework, the measurement of a single diffusion coefficient in brain tumors permits an approximate categorization of tumor type and, for some tumors, definitive diagnosis. In most brain tumors, when compared with normal brain tissue, the diffusion coefficient is elevated. The presence of peritumoral edema, which also exhibits an elevated diffusion coefficient, often precludes the delineation of the tumor on the basis of diffusion information alone. Serially obtained diffusion data are useful to document and even predict the cellular response to drug or radiation therapy. Diffusion measurements in tissues over an extended range of b factors have clearly shown that the monoparametric description of the MR diffusion signal decay is incomplete. Very high diffusion weighting on clinical systems requires substantial compromise in spatial resolution. However, after suitable analysis, superior separation of malignant brain tumors, peritumoral edema and normal brain tissue can be achieved. These findings are also discussed in the light of tissue‐specific differences in membrane structure and the restrictions exerted by membranes on diffusion. Finally, measurement of the directional dependence of diffusion permits the assessment of white matter integrity and dislocation. Such information, particularly in conjunction with advanced post‐processing, is considered to be immensely useful for therapy planning. Diffusion imaging, which permits monoexponential analysis and provides directional diffusion information, is performed routinely in brain tumor patients. More advanced methods require improvement in acquisition speed and spatial resolution to gain clinical acceptance. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Short‐term memory and auditory processing disorders: Concurrent validity and clinical diagnostic markers
Authors: Maerlender Arthur 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAuditory processing disorders (APDs) are of interest to educators and clinicians, as they impact school functioning. Little work has been completed to demonstrate how children with APDs perform on clinical tests. In a series of studies, standard clinical (psychometric) tests from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fourth Edition (WISC‐IV) were used to establish concurrent validity between tests of short‐term auditory memory and two frequently used tests of auditory processing (Dichotic Digits and Frequency Patterns). The diagnostic utility of the short‐term memory tests was also explored. In a matched sample, Digit Span forward predicted diagnosis of APD (sensitivity = .81, specificity = .78). Furthermore, within‐subjects analyses for the clinical group found that Digit Span forward scores were significantly lower than those for the other psychometric tests (p values <.001 for Digit Span backward, Letter Span nonrhyming and rhyming scores). Although APD is a low base‐rate condition, the utility of these tests as a potential screener or marker for APDs was demonstrated. The need for further studies was endorsed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preliminary investigation of an early mental health intervention for Head Start programs: Effects of Child Teacher Relationship Training on children's behavior problems
Authors: Morrison Mary O. , Bratton Sue C. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractHead Start teachers and their aides (n = 24) were assigned to either the experimental or active control treatment in this preliminary investigation on the effects of Child Teacher Relationship Training (CTRT) on 52 disadvantaged preschool children identified with behavioral problems. CTRT is based on the principles and procedures of Child Parent Relationship Therapy (CPRT), a structured, time‐limited approach that trains young children's caregivers to be active participants in an early mental health delivery system. Analysis of pre‐ to mid‐ to posttest findings revealed that, compared to the active control, CTRT demonstrated a large treatment effect on reducing children's externalized behavior problems; furthermore, the between‐group difference over time was statistically significant. The statistical, practical, and clinical significance of findings provide preliminary support for CTRT as a developmentally responsive school‐based intervention for at‐risk preschool children exhibiting clinical levels of behavioral problems. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Focus on composition and interaction potential of single‐pass transmembrane domains
Authors: Worch Remigiusz , Bökel Christian , Höfinger Sigfried , Schwille Petra , Weidemann Thomas 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTransmembrane domains (TMD) connect the inner with the outer world of a living cell. Single TMD containing (bitopic) receptors are of particular interest, because their oligomerization seems to be a common activation mechanism in cell signaling. We analyzed the composition of TMDs in bitopic proteins within the proteomes of 12 model organisms. The average number of strongly polar and charged residues decreases during evolution, while the occurrence of a dimerization motif, GxxxG, remains unchanged. This may reflect the avoidance of unspecific binding within a growing receptor interaction network. In addition, we propose a new experimental approach for studying helix–helix interactions in giant plasma membrane vesicles using scanning fluorescence cross‐correlation spectroscopy. Measuring eGFP/mRFP tagged versions of cytokine receptors confirms the homotypic interactions of the erythropoietin receptor in contrast to the Interleukin‐4 receptor chains. As a proof of principle, by swapping the TMDs, the interaction potential of erythropoietin receptor was partially transferred to Interleukin‐4 receptor α and vice versa. Non‐interacting receptors can therefore serve as host molecules for TMDs whose oligomerization capability must be assessed. Computational analysis of the free energy gain resulting from TMD dimer formation strongly corroborates the experimental findings, potentially allowing in silico pre‐screening of interacting pairs.
Synthesis of liquid‐filled nanocapsules via the miniemulsion technique
Authors: van den Dungen Eric T. A. , Klumperman Bert 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis study describes the synthesis of well‐defined nanocapsules via the miniemulsion technique. Pentaerythritol tetrakis(3‐mercaptopropionate) (TetraThiol) or 1,6‐hexanediol di(endo, exo‐norborn‐2‐ene‐5‐carboxylate) (DiNorbornene) is used as the oil phase. TetraThiol is encapsulated via the miniemulsion technique without polymerization, as this monomer would simultaneously act as a chain‐transfer agent, and DiNorbornene is encapsulated via miniemulsion polymerization of styrene. Various styrene‐maleic anhydride (PSMA) copolymers and poly(styrene‐maleic anhydride)‐block‐polystyrene (PSMA‐b‐PS) block copolymers were used as surfactant for the synthesis of well‐defined nanocapsules with TetraThiol as the core material. The nanocapsules had a diameter of 150–350 nm and the particle size distribution was narrow. The use of PSMA‐b‐PS block copolymers as surfactant in combination with post‐addition of formaldehyde provided improved stability to the nanocapsules. DiNorbornene was encapsulated via miniemulsion polymerization of styrene, and a stable latex with a bimodal particle size distribution was obtained. The distribution of small particles had a size of 60 nm and the distribution of large particles had a size of 150 nm. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010
Principles in Quality Assurance part 3: making an impact
Authors: Jones Anthony B. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis article builds on concepts described in two earlier articles on principles in Quality Assurance (QA) 1, 2. The first of these papers described a simple approach to rationalizing QA activities based on simplicity, efficiency and effectiveness 1. The second article described how the GLP regulations could be ‘deconstructed’ and incorporated into an organization's quality systems to help a company ‘live GLP’ rather than just ‘comply with GLP’ 2. This third part puts the first two papers in a wider perspective by setting out a model for effective QA, to help in the design and implementation of a QA program as well as the organization, management and leadership of the QA Unit. QA personnel should not be viewed as just data‐checkers or ‘rubber stampers’; we must strive to make a positive impact on our company and the wider consumer community through partnership in the assurance of safe and effective products. This paper describes a simple scheme to help us make this impact. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A phase transition for the heights of a fragmentation tree
Authors: Joseph Adrien 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe provide information about the asymptotic regimes for a homogeneous fragmentation of a finite set. We establish a phase transition for the asymptotic behavior of the shattering times, defined as the first instants when all the blocks of the partition process have cardinality less than a fixed integer. Our results may be applied to the study of certain random split trees. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 39, 247‐274, 2011
Nonrepetitive list colourings of paths
Authors: Grytczuk Jarosław , Przybyło Jakub , Zhu Xuding 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA vertex colouring c of a graph G is called nonrepetitive if for every integer r ≥ 1 and every path P = (v1,v2,…,v2r) in G, the first half of P is coloured differently from the second half of P, that is, c(vj)≠c(vr+j) for some j = 1,2,…,r. This notion was inspired by a striking result of Thue asserting that the path Pn on n vertices has a nonrepetitive three‐colouring, no matter how large n is. A k‐list assignment of a graph G is a mapping L which assigns a set L(v) of k permissible colours to each vertex v of G. The Thue choice number of G, denoted by πch(G), is the least integer k such that for every k‐list assignment L there is a nonrepetitive colouring c of G satisfying c(v) ∈ L(v) for every vertex v of G. Using the Lefthanded Local Lemma we prove that πch(Pn) ≤ 4 for every n. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2011
Targeting of XIAP Combined with Systemic Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Mediated Delivery of sTRAIL Ligand Inhibits Metastatic Growth of Pancreatic Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Mohr Andrea , Albarenque Stella Maris , Deedigan Laura , Yu Rui , Reidy Mairead , Fulda Simone , Zwacka Ralf Michael 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Disseminating tumors are one of the gravest medical problems. Here, we combine the tumor-specific apoptosis-inducing activity of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) with the ability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to infiltrate both tumor and lymphatic tissues to target primary tumors as well as disseminated cancer cells in a human pancreatic cancer mouse model. Furthermore, we targeted X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) by RNA interference (RNAi) inside the cancer cells to make use of the apoptosis sensitization as well the antimetastatic effect that is afforded by XIAP silencing. We generated MSCs, termed MSC.sTRAIL, that express and secrete a trimeric form of soluble TRAIL (sTRAIL). MSC.sTRAIL triggered limited apoptosis in human pancreatic carcinoma cells that were resistant to soluble recombinant TRAIL, which is most likely due to the enhanced effect of the direct, cell-mediated delivery of trimeric TRAIL. MSC.sTRAIL-mediated cell death was markedly increased by concomitant knockdown of XIAP by RNAi in the cancer cells. These findings were confirmed in xenograft models, in which tumors from the parental pancreatic carcinoma cells showed only growth retardation on treatment with MSC.sTRAIL, whereas tumors with silenced XIAP that were treated with MSC.sTRAIL went into remission. Moreover, animals with XIAP-negative xenografts treated with MSC.sTRAIL were almost free of lung metastasis, whereas animals treated with control MSCs showed substantial metastatic growth in the lungs. In summary, this is the first demonstration that a combined approach using systemic MSC-mediated delivery of sTRAIL together with XIAP inhibition suppresses metastatic growth of pancreatic carcinoma.
Stem Cells and Cartilage Development: Complexities of a Simple Tissue
Authors: Hollander Anthony P. , Dickinson Sally C. , Kafienah Wael 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Cartilage is considered to be a simple tissue that should be easy to engineer because it is avascular and contains just one cell type, the chondrocyte. Despite this apparent simplicity, regenerating cartilage in a form that can function effectively after implantation in the joint has proven difficult. This may be because we have not fully appreciated the importance of different structural regions of articular cartilage or of understanding the origins of chondrocytes and how this cell population is maintained in the normal tissue. This review considers what is known about different regions of cartilage and the types of stem cells in articulating joints and emphasizes the potential importance of regeneration of the lamina splendens at the joint surface and calcified cartilage at the junction with bone for long-term survival of regenerated tissue in vivo.
The effects of ammonium perchlorate on thyroid homeostasis and thyroid‐specific gene expression in rat
Authors: Wu Fenghong , Zhou Xuan , Zhang Rao , Pan Meizhu , Peng Kai‐Liang 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPerchlorate, a kind of inorganic chemical, is mainly used in defense industry and widely used in other civilian areas. It was well known that perchlorate exerts its thyrotoxicant effect on thyroid homeostasis via competitive inhibition of iodide uptake. However, some details of mechanism by which perchlorate disturb thyroid homeostasis are unknown and remain to be elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate if iodide insufficiency in the thyroid is the main mechanism by which perchlorate exerts its effect on the thyroid gland. We highlighted and measured the gene expression of NIS, Tg, and TPO which involved in thyroid hormone biosynthesis. Thyroid effects of perchlorate were identified by assessing different responses of these genes at the treatments of perchlorate and iodine deficiency. The results indicated that high dose perchlorate (520 mg kg−1 b.wt.) can induce a significant decrease in body weight and cause hypertrophy of thyroid gland, with a decreased level of FT3, FT4 and a remarkable increased level of TSH. In addition, the significant decreased gene expression of Thyroglobulin (Tg) and thyroperoxidase (TPO) were both observed at the treatment of high dose perchlorate. These results suggested that perchlorate can suppress gene expression of Tg and TPO which directly involved in biosynthesis of thyroid hormones, and may therefore aggravate the perturbation of thyroid homeostasis in addition to competitive inhibition of iodide uptake. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2012.
The effect of sodium metabisulphite on active avoidance performance in hypercholesterolemic rats
Authors: Ozsoy Ozlem , Hacioglu Gulay , Savcioglu Feyza , Kucukatay Vural , Yargicoglu Piraye , Agar Aysel 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of hypercholesterolemia and sulphite on active avoidance learning. Male Wistar rats were divided into eight groups as follows: Control (C), Sulphite (S), Vitamin E (E), Sulphite + Vitamin E (SE), Hypercholesterolemia (H), Hypercholesterolemia + Sulphite (HS), Hypercholesterolemia + Vitamin E (HE), and Hypercholesterolemia + Sulphite + Vitamin E (HSE). At the end of the experimental period, the serum cholesterol level (mean ± SD) was significantly higher in H group (111.5 ± 11.11 mg dL−1) as compared to C group (63.5 ± 4.9 mg dL−1). Levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were increased in HS group as compared to C, H, and S groups. Vitamin E reduced TBARS levels in HSE group compared with HS group. Active avoidance results indicated that hypercholesterolemia was associated with learning impairment. Our data clearly revealed that the combination of hypercholesterolemia and sulphite results in exaggerated impairment of active avoidance. Vitamin E improved active avoidance in HSE group compared with HS group. Therefore, the synergistic effect of hypercholesterolemia and sulphite may be associated with a considerable health risk. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2012.
Beschichtung von dreidimensionalen Substraten mit einem magnetfeldunterstützten Mikrowellen‐Plasma bei Raumtemperatur
Authors: Weichart Jürgen , Meyer Bernd , Müller Jörg 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMikrowellenplasmen weisen im Vergleich zu Entladungen bei Gleichspannung oder Hochfrequenz (13,56 MHz) hohe Elektronendichten und energien auf. Durch Magnetfeldunterstützung wird Elektronzyklotron‐Resonanz erreicht, die ein stabiles Plasma bei niedrigem Druck (∼ 1 Pa) und niedriger Leistung ermöglicht. Die Magnetfelder werden zusammen mit der Gasführung zur Lenkung des Plasmas eingesetzt. Zur Ankopplung der Mikrowellen‐Leistung dient eine Helix‐Wanderfeld‐Antenne. Es wird gezeigt, daß eine effektive Innenbeschichtung von Polyethylen‐Flaschen möglich ist. Als Sperrschicht gegenüber Hexan zeigen a‐Si:H‐Schichten aus der Abscheidung von vierprozentigem Silan in Argon eine Sperrwirkung von 93%.
Photoelektronenspektroskopie — eine Methode zur Lösung anwendungsorientierter Probleme der Katalyse, der Elektronik/Elektrotechnik sowie der Werkstoffentwicklung
Authors: Than Eberhard , Leikam Werner , Leonhardt Gunter 
Published: September 2010

AbstractEs wird an Hand von Beispielen versucht, die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten der Photoelektronenspektroskopie für die Optimierung und Entwicklung neuer Werkstoffe und technologischer Prozesse darzustellen. In diesem Zusammenhang wird auch auf die Vor‐ und Nachteile dieser Methode verwiesen und Möglichkeiten einer methodischen Weiterentwicklung aufgezeigt. Die angeführten Beispele machen auch deutlich, daß vielfach die Anwendung einer Methode der Oberflächenanalytik zur Lösung bestimmter Fragestellungen nicht ausreicht. Dies unterstreicht die Zweckmäßigkeit des Einsatzes von Kombinationsgeräten insbesondere dann, wenn die Geräte für applikative Anwendungen vorgesehen sind. Für die Untersuchung von Gas/Festkörper‐Wechselwirkungen bieten sich neben der Kombination von XPS, AES und SIMS vor allem die Thermode‐sorption und Möglichkeiten zur Bestimmung der geometrischen Anordnung der Oberflächenatome an (z.B. LEED). Zur Untersuchung von Festkörper/Festkörper‐Wechselwirkung wird vielfach die Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie (TEM) mit herangezogen. Der Einsatz von Kombinationsgeräten ermöglicht außerdem Aussagen von der gleichen Probenstelle, ohne befürchten zu müssen, daß die erhaltenen Ergebnisse durch Kontaminationen verfälscht sind. Neben der Verfälschung der analytischen Ergebnisse durch atmosphärische Kontamination muß stets einer sorgfältigen Präparation Rechnung getragen werden, da sonst durch Artefakte völlig falsche Aussagen erhalten werden können.
Vergleichende Betrachtungen von Vakuumpumpenölen in Turbomolekularpumpen
Authors: Reichardt H.‐U. , Grosch D. , Siebers R. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDie Zusammenhänge zwischen Funktionskriterien und Schmierstoffanforderungen für Turbomolekularpumpen werden diskutiert.Ein qualitativer Vergleich unterschiedlicher Basisflüssigkeiten wird gegeben und anhand bestimmter wichtiger vakuumtechnischer Eigenschaften auch deren Einsatzspektrum erläutert.