bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The science of ethics: Deception, the resilient self, and the APA code of ethics, 1966–1973
Authors: Stark Laura 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis paper has two aims. The first is to shed light on a remarkable archival source, namely survey responses from thousands of American psychologists during the 1960s in which they described their contemporary research practices and discussed whether the practices were “ethical.” The second aim is to examine the process through which the American Psychological Association (APA) used these survey responses to create principles on how psychologists should treat human subjects. The paper focuses on debates over whether “deception” research was acceptable. It documents how members of the committee that wrote the principles refereed what was, in fact, a disagreement between two contemporary research orientations. The paper argues that the ethics committee ultimately built the model of “the resilient self” into the APA's 1973 ethics code. At the broadest level, the paper explores how prevailing understandings of human nature are written into seemingly universal and timeless codes of ethics. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of novel 2‐(aryl)‐3‐[5‐(2‐oxo‐2H‐3‐chromenyl)‐1,3‐oxazol‐2‐yl]‐1,3‐thiazolan‐4‐ones
Authors: Reddy Ch. Sanjeeva , Devi M. Vani , Kumar G. Rajesh , Rao L. Sanjeeva , Nagaraj A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA series of novel 2‐(aryl)‐3‐[5‐(2‐oxo‐2H‐3‐chromenyl)‐1,3‐oxazol‐2‐yl]‐1,3‐thiazolan‐4‐ones 4a, 4b, 4c, 4e, 4f, 4g, 4h, 4i, 4j have been synthesized and assayed for their antibacterial activity against Gram‐positive bacteria viz. Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538p), Micrococcus luteus (IFC 12708), and Gram‐negative bacteria viz. Proteus vulgaris (ATCC 3851), Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC 14028), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), and also antifungal activity against Candida albicans (ATCC 10231), Aspergillus fumigatus (HIC 6094), Trichophyton rubrum (IFO 9185), and Trichophyton mentagrophytes (IFO 40996). Among the screened compounds, 4d, 4e, 4f, 4g, and 4j exhibited potent inhibitory activity compared with the standard drug at the tested concentrations. The results reveal that, the presence of difluorophenyl in 4f and pipernyl ring in 4j at 2‐position of thiazolidine‐4‐one ring show significant inhibitory activity. The other compounds also showed appreciable activity against the test bacteria and fungi and emerged as potential molecules for further development. J. Heterocyclic Chem., 2011.
Initial results from Phase 2 of the international urban energy balance model comparison
Authors: Grimmond C. S. B. , Blackett M. , Best M. J. , Baik J.‐J. , Belcher S. E. , Beringer J. , Bohnenstengel S. I. , Calmet I. , Chen F. , Coutts A. , Dandou A. , Fortuniak K. , Gouvea M. L. , Hamdi R. , Hendry M. , Kanda M. , Kawai T. , Kawamoto Y. , Kondo H. , Krayenhoff E. S. , Lee S.‐H. , Loridan T. , Martilli A. , Masson V. , Miao S. , Oleson K. , Ooka R. , Pigeon G. , Porson A. , Ryu Y.‐H. , Salamanca F. , Steeneveld G.J. , Tombrou M. , Voogt J. A. , Young D. T. , Zhang N. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractUrban land surface schemes have been developed to model the distinct features of the urban surface and the associated energy exchange processes. These models have been developed for a range of purposes and make different assumptions related to the inclusion and representation of the relevant processes. Here, the first results of Phase 2 from an international comparison project to evaluate 32 urban land surface schemes are presented. This is the first large‐scale systematic evaluation of these models. In four stages, participants were given increasingly detailed information about an urban site for which urban fluxes were directly observed. At each stage, each group returned their models' calculated surface energy balance fluxes. Wide variations are evident in the performance of the models for individual fluxes. No individual model performs best for all fluxes. Providing additional information about the surface generally results in better performance. However, there is clear evidence that poor choice of parameter values can cause a large drop in performance for models that otherwise perform well. As many models do not perform well across all fluxes, there is need for caution in their application, and users should be aware of the implications for applications and decision making. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Improved long‐term mean annual rainfall fields for Colombia
Authors: Álvarez‐Villa Oscar David , Vélez Jaime Ignacio , Poveda Germán 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWith the aim of improving the long‐term mean annual surface water balance of Colombia, four new annual average precipitation fields are estimated at 4 km spatial resolution. To put in context, a concise literature review of rainfall in Colombia is presented. For estimation purposes, diverse multivariate geostatistical methods are implemented by combining information from 1180 raingauges covering the period 1950‐2005, and satellite data from the tropical rainfall measuring mission (TRMM) for the period 1999‐2005, used as a drift for the following geostatistical methods: (1) kriging with an external drift (KED), (2) standardized cokriging (SCK), (3) colocated cokriging (CCK), and (4) Markov regionalization CCK (CCKM). To ensure the reliability of the estimated precipitation fields, a detailed cross‐validation procedure is performed, including univariate and bivariate analyses of residuals, which allows us to conclude that the best estimated rainfall field is obtained with KED, and the worst with SCK. Visual analyses are also performed in the search for consistency of the resulting precipitation fields. Furthermore, local (at‐a‐pixel) uncertainty modelling analysis is performed using the indicator approach. Conditional cumulative distribution functions (CCDF) are estimated using indicator CCK with Bayes‐Markov hypothesis. Statistical descriptors for the pixel's CCDFs are estimated based on the resulting precipitation fields, including long‐term mean, conditional variance and the coefficient of variation. These improved precipitation fields along with their estimated uncertainties are available (http://cancerbero.unalmed.edu.co/∼hidrosig/index.php) for the scientific community and constitute useful basic information for diverse applications in water resources, agriculture, hydropower generation, human health, risks and disaster prevention, and many other applied sectors in Colombia. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Comparisons of temperature response to solar forcing in the pre‐ and post periods of satellite data assimilation
Authors: Powell Alfred M. , Xu Jianjun 
Published: October 2010

AbstractOn the basis of both composite and multiple linear regression analysis, three temperature datasets from two reanalyses and one set of satellite observations have been used to evaluate the different responses in the winter [December–February (DJF)] period as they relate to solar forcing between the pre‐ and post periods of satellite data assimilation. The two periods are defined as 1958–1978 when no satellite data was available to be assimilated and the 1979–2002 period when satellite data was assimilated in the operational forecast models. The solar forcing signal for the two periods can be identified as significant in the extremes of the solar cycle (maximum and minimum). The composite analysis shows that the solar response of the DJF temperatures in the three datasets shows large‐scale similarities although there are differences over the southern middle‐high latitudes and some tropical areas. The stratospheric response showed the strongest DJF temperature anomalies related to solar variability occurring over the Arctic, but its sign is negative in 1979–2002 and positive in 1958–1978 for solar maximum activity. The stratospheric temperature response can be confirmed using a multiple regression analysis. The temperature features may be partially explained by the impacts of heating via ozone absorption, and is reinforced by the solar cycle, El‐Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), stratospheric quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO), volcanic eruptions and other factors. In contrast, the tropospheric response, with a dynamic wavelike structure, occurs over the middle latitudes. The tropospheric differences between the two periods are not clearly resolved and raise questions about the efficacy of the observations and our ability to use the observations effectively. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Preparation and characterization of molecularly imprinted microspheres for dibutyl phthalate recognition in aqueous environment
Authors: He Juan , Lv Ruihe , Cheng Jie , Li Yongxiang , Xue Jianfang , Lu Kui , Wang Fengcheng 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMolecularly imprinted microspheres (MIMs) were prepared by suspension polymerization for the binding and recognition of dibutyl phthalate (DBP). DBP was used as the template molecule, methacrylic acid as the functional monomer, ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA) as the linking agent, PVA as the dispersing agent, and Span 60 as the surfactant. The MIMs were characterized with electron microscope scanning and rebinding experiments. The Scatchard plot revealed that the template‐polymer system has a two‐site binding behavior with dissociation constants of 4.05 and 0.515 mmol/L. The MIMs exhibited the highest selective rebinding to DBP at 736.85 μg/g. The recoveries of the MIM‐SPE column for DBP extraction was 94.75–101.9% with the RSD of 1.5–7.3%, indicating the feasibility of the prepared MIMs for DBP extraction. Finally, the method developed was used to analyze the trace levels of phthalate in aqueous environment samples.
Application of liquid chromatography in polymer non‐ionic antistatic additives analysis
Authors: González‐Rodríguez M. Victoria , Dopico‐García M. Sonia , Noguerol‐Cal Rosalía , Carballeira‐Amarelo Tania , López‐Vilariño José M. , Fernández‐Martínez Gerado 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis article investigates the applicability of HPLC‐UV, ultra performance LC‐evaporative light‐scattering detection (UPLC‐ELSD), HPLC‐ESI(+)‐MS and HPLC‐hybrid linear ion trap (LTQ) Orbitrap MS for the analysis of different non‐ionic antistatic additives, Span 20, Span 60, Span 65, Span 80, Span 85 (sorbitan fatty acid esters), Atmer 129 (glycerol fatty acid ester) and Atmer 163 (ethoxylated alkylamine). Several alkyl chain length or different degrees of esterification of polyol derivatives can be present in commercial mixtures of these polymer additives. Therefore, their identification and quantification is complicated. Qualitative composition of the studied compounds was analysed by MS. HPLC‐UV, UPLC‐ELSD and HPLC‐LTQ Orbitrap MS methods were applied to the quantitative determination of the different Spans, Atmer 129 and Atmer 163, respectively. Quality parameters of these methods were established and no derivatization was necessary.
The relationship between somatization and posttraumatic symptoms among immigrants receiving primary care services*
Authors: Aragona Massimiliano , Catino Elena , Pucci Daniela , Carrer Sara , Colosimo Francesco , Lafuente Montserrat , Mazzetti Marco , Maisano Bianca , Geraci Salvatore 
Published: October 2010

AbstractTraumatic experiences and somatization are related in studies on complex trauma, though this relation is rarely studied in immigrants. The relationship between somatization and self‐reported traumatic experiences and posttraumatic symptoms in patients attending a primary care service for immigrants was studied. The sample consisted of 101 patients attending a primary healthcare service dedicated to immigrants. Participants completed two self‐assessment questionnaires specifically designed for use in transcultural research: the Bradford Somatic Inventory and the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire. Both were translated and back‐translated into eight languages. Somatization was significantly related to traumatic events and posttraumatic symptoms. In primary care centers for immigrants, physicians should give particular attention to somatization as a possible sign of unreported posttraumatic symptoms.
Morphological Transition Induced by Nanoparticles in Dynamically Asymmetric PS/PVME Blends
Authors: Xia Tian , Huang Yajiang , Peng Xiaojuan , Li Guangxian 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe influence of hydrophilic SiO2 nanoparticles on the morphology of polystyrene (PS)/poly(vinyl methyl ether) (PVME) (10/90) blends in an unstable region has been investigated using optical microscopy and dynamic rheology techniques. For PS/PVME (10/90) blends annealed at 120 °C, the formation of a transient network structure and subsequent phase inversion indicates that a typical viscoelastic phase separation has occurred. However, for PS/PVME (10/90) blends filled with 4 wt.‐% SiO2 nanoparticles, a droplet‐like structure was formed immediately without the appearance of a network‐like structure. The rheological relaxation time of the blends suggested that the morphology transition observed in the PS/PVME/SiO2 (10/90/4) blend was related to the change in the dynamic asymmetry between the PS‐rich phase and the PVME‐rich phase, which was induced by the selective affinity of the SiO2 nanoparticles for PVME. After the incorporation of SiO2 nanoparticles, the PVME‐rich majority phase, which is originally the dynamically fast phase, became the slow phase, and led to a dynamic inversion compared with those unfilled blends.magnified image
Lipidomics era: Accomplishments and challenges
Authors: Bou Khalil Maroun , Hou Weimin , Zhou Hu , Elisma Fred , Swayne Leigh Anne , Blanchard Alexandre P. , Yao Zemin , Bennett Steffany A.L. , Figeys Daniel 
Published: October 2010

AbstractLipid mediators participate in signal transduction pathways, proliferation, apoptosis, and membrane trafficking in the cell. Lipids are highly complex and diverse owing to the various combinations of polar headgroups, fatty acyl chains, and backbone structures. This structural diversity continues to pose a challenge for lipid analysis. Here we review the current state of the art in lipidomics research and discuss the challenges facing this field. The latest technological developments in mass spectrometry, the role of bioinformatics, and the applications of lipidomics in lipid metabolism and cellular physiology and pathology are also discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 29:877–929, 2010
Subcellular phosphoproteomics
Authors: Trost Matthias , Bridon Gaëlle , Desjardins Michel , Thibault Pierre 
Published: October 2010

AbstractProtein phosphorylation represents one of the most extensively studied post‐translational modifications, primarily due to the emergence of sensitive methods enabling the detection of this modification bothin vitroandin vivo. The availability of enrichment methods combined with sensitive mass spectrometry instrumentation has played a crucial role in uncovering the dynamic changes and the large expanding repertoire of this reversible modification. The structural changes imparted by the phosphorylation of specific residues afford exquisite mechanisms for the regulation of protein functions by modulating new binding sites on scaffold proteins or by abrogating protein–protein interactions. However, the dynamic interplay of protein phosphorylation is not occurring randomly within the cell but is rather finely orchestrated by specific kinases and phosphatases that are unevenly distributed across subcellular compartments. This spatial separation not only regulates protein phosphorylation but can also control the activity of other enzymes and the transfer of other post‐translational modifications. While numerous large‐scale phosphoproteomics studies highlighted the extent and diversity of phosphoproteins present in total cell lysates, the further understanding of their regulation and biological activities require a spatio‐temporal resolution only achievable through subcellular fractionation. This review presents a first account of the emerging field of subcellular phosphoproteomics where cell fractionation approaches are combined with sensitive mass spectrometry methods to facilitate the identification of low abundance proteins and to unravel the intricate regulation of protein phosphorylation. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 29:962–990, 2010
Scales to assess sleep impairment in Parkinson's disease: Critique and recommendations
Authors: Högl Birgit , Arnulf Isabelle , Comella Cynthia , Ferreira Joaquim , Iranzo Alex , Tilley Barbara , Trenkwalder Claudia , Poewe Werner , Rascol Olivier , Sampaio Cristina , Stebbins Glenn T. , Schrag Anette , Goetz Christopher G. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThere is a broad spectrum of sleep disturbances observed in Parkinson's disease (PD). A variety of scales have been applied to the evaluation of PD sleep and wakefulness, but only a small number have been assessed specifically for clinimetric properties in the PD population. The movement disorder society has commissioned this task force to examine these scales and to assess their use in PD. A systematic literature review was conducted to explore the use of sleep scales in PD and to determine which scales qualified for a detailed critique. The task force members, all of whom have extensive experience in assessing sleep in PD reviewed each of the scales using a structured proforma. Scales were categorized into recommended, suggested and listed according to predefined criteria. A total of 48 potential scales were identified from the search and reviewed. Twenty‐nine were excluded because they did not meet review criteria or were variations of scales already included, leaving 19 scales that were critiqued and rated by the task force based on the rating criteria. Only six were found to meet criteria for recommendation or suggestion by the task force: the PD sleep scale (PDSS) and the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) are recommended for rating overall sleep problems to screen and to measure severity, the SCOPA‐sleep (SCOPA) is recommended for rating overall sleep problems both to screen and to measure severity, and for rating daytime sleepiness; the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) is recommended for rating daytime sleepiness to screen and to measure severity; the inappropriate sleep composite score (ISCS) is suggested for rating severe daytime sleepiness or sleep attacks to screen and to measure severity; and the Stanford sleepiness scale (SSS) is suggested for rating sleepiness and to measure severity at a specific moment. The task force does not recommend the development of new scales, but emphasizes the need for educational efforts to train physicians in sleep interview techniques and polysomnography. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Motor complications in Parkinson's disease: Ten year follow‐up study
Authors: López Iria Cabo , Ruiz Pedro J. García , del Pozo Silvia Vázquez Fernández , Bernardos Vicenta Sánchez 
Published: October 2010

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) can be symptomatically controlled with standard treatments; however, after a few years, this response typically declines and most patients develop motor complications. We carried out a prospective practice‐based study to evaluate the evolution appearance and evolution of motor complications in 64 de novo PD patients over 5 years and in 38 PD patients over 10 years. We studied untreated patients from initial assessment at basal conditions and evaluated every 6 months thereafter with treatment (levodopa versus other drugs). The follow‐up assessments were performed with the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). At each assessment, patients were monitored regarding the development of dyskinesias, motor fluctuations, freezing, loss of postural reflexes, and cognitive impairment. We observed a significant improvement in UPDRS scores during the first year, then a progressive decline, more evident after the third year. Motor complications increased after the third year, and at the end of the survey (tenth year); drug‐induced dyskinesias and motor fluctuations were experienced (71.1 and 94.7%, respectively). After the first decade, many complications arose from the non‐levodopa–responsive features of the disease (cognitive impairment was present in 52.6% and gait freezing in 71.1%). Initial medication may influence medium‐term complications but not long‐term problems. Most long‐term disabling problems of PD were related to non‐levodopa‐responsive features. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society.
Prescriptions from general practitioners and in hospital physicians requiring pharmacists' interventions
Authors: Haavik Svein , Soeviknes Silje , Erdal Hilde , Kjonniksen Inge , Guttormsen Anne Berit , Granas Anne Gerd 
Published: October 2010

AbstractPurposeTo study prescribing errors requiring pharmacists' interventions and to evaluate the potential clinical significance of the errors and omissions detected.MethodsThe pharmacists at ten community pharmacies and two out‐patient hospital pharmacies recorded prescribing errors and corresponding interventions using a modified version of a previously developed registration scheme. Prescription errors with potential clinical significance were scored according to a modified version of Safety Assessment Code (SAC)‐scoreResultsDuring the study period 85 475 prescriptions were dispensed. A total of 2385 prescribing errors were detected on 2226 (2.6%) prescriptions. The proportion of prescriptions with errors and omissions was more than four times higher on prescriptions from hospital physicians (7.1%) than on prescriptions from general practitioners (1.5%). The information on the majority (62.2%) of the prescriptions with inaccuracies had to be clarified before the drug could be dispensed. About 1/4 of the errors and omissions were of potential importance for the drug therapy. An expert panel of physicians and pharmacists judged 85% of these errors and omissions to be clinically significant. Individual physicians and pharmacists judged the clinical importance of the detected prescribing errors somewhat differently.ConclusionsPharmacists intervened on 2.6% of prescriptions, and the majority of the potentially clinically significant prescribing errors were judged as significant to the patient's drug therapy and safety. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of drug interactions, dosage, and duration of therapy on the risk of hip fracture associated with benzodiazepine use in older adults
Authors: Zint Kristina , Haefeli Walter E. , Glynn Robert J , Mogun Helen , Avorn Jerry , Stürmer Til 
Published: October 2010

AbstractPurposeTo determine how concomitant use of potentially interacting drugs, drug dosage, and duration of therapy modify the risk of hip fracture associated with use of benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine‐related drugs (BDZ) in older adults.MethodsA nested case–control study was conducted in Medicare patients 65 years or older, enrolled in the Pennsylvania drug assistance program (PACE) between 1994 and 2005. We included 17 198 patients with a hip fracture leading to hospitalization and 85 990 controls matched on hospitalization (index date). BDZ and interacting drug use within 2 weeks preceding the index date was determined using information on date of drug dispensing, days supplied, quantity dispensed, and strength. Date of the first BDZ prescription within the year preceding the index date was used as surrogate for duration of therapy.ResultsWhile the adjusted relative risk (RR) for overall BDZ use and hip fracture was 1.2 (95% confidence interval 1.1, 1.2), the RRs for concomitant use of alprazolam, lorazepam, and zolpidem and their interacting drugs were 1.5 (1.3, 1.7), 1.9 (1.7, 2.2), and 1.7 (1.4, 2.0), and 2.1 (1.5, 2.8) for BDZ use initiated within 14 days preceding the index date. RR increased with increasing BDZ dose and was highest for defined daily BDZ doses >1 [RR: 1.3 (1.2, 1.5)].ConclusionsBDZ associated hip fracture risk increases with concomitant use of interacting drugs, higher doses, and is highest at initiation. Clinicians should avoid concomitant use of BDZ and interacting drugs, because their impact on hip fracture risk is at least additive. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.