bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anatomy and Phylogenetic Significance of Micropilina arntzi (Mollusca, Monoplacophora, Micropilinidae Fam. Nov.)
Authors: Haszprunar Gerhard , Schaefer Kurt 
Published: April 2010

Abstract The anatomy of the neopilinoid limpet Micropilina arntzi (Warén & Hain, 1992, The Veliger 35: 165–176) is described on the basis of graphic reconstructions of semithin serial sections. Hard parts, anatomical features and reproductive biology of the minute species differ considerably from those of all other anatomically known neopilinoid species. Therefore, Micropilinidae fam. nov. is erected for this genus.Micropilina arntzi may be considered as partly paedomorphic with respect to the seriality of ventilatory (ctenidia), excretory or genital organs, or may represent an archaic condition within the Tryblidiida. Ontogenetic and comparative anatomical data strongly suggest that the serial repetition of the various organ systems should be regarded as one of several autapomorphic features of the Neopilinoidea (Tryblidiida).
Scolex Glands Associated with the Rostella in Three Species of the Dilepididae (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea)
Authors: Stoitsova Stoyanka R. , Georgiev Boyko B. , Dacheva Raina B. , Vinarova Maria I. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe microanatomy, fine structure and cytochemistry of scolex glands of Vitta riparia, Angularella beemaand Trichocephaloidis megalocephalaare examined by light and electron microscopy. Cytochemical tests include PAS, mercury bromphenol blue and performic acid‐alcian blue for light microscopy and periodic acid‐thiocarbohydrazide‐OsO4 for electron microscopy. The scolex glands are organized in two spatially isolated syncytia, one located in the rostellum, the other in the rostellar sac. The cytoplasm of the gland syncytia is characterized by a high affinity for haematoxylin. Cytochemical tests indicate the presence of moderate amounts of glycoprotein in the glands. A specialized type of secretion—dark oval or ovoid bodies with diameter 0.3–0.5 μm are observed by EM in both the rostellum glands and the rostellar‐sac glands of V. ripariaand T. megalocephala, and in the rostellar‐sac gland of A. beema. The rostellum gland of A. beemaproduces larger dark oval bodies measuring up to 0.9 μm. Lipid droplets are also observed in the glandular cytoplasm. Some tegumental cytons containing discoid bodies are found between the glandular perikarya. The glandular products and the lipid droplets are secreted via the rostellar tegument. © 1997 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.
Sperm Ultrastructure of Tarsius bancanus(Tarsiidae, Primates): Implications for Primate Phylogeny and the Use of Sperm in Systematics
Authors: Robson Simon K. , Rouse Greg W. , Pettigrew John D. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe ultrastructure of the epididymal sperm of Tarsius bancanusis described. The sperm possess the typical eutherian pattern of a dorsoventrally flattened, ovate sperm head, comprising a nucleus capped by a symmetrical acrosome, and a distinct midpiece and principal piece containing a 9 + 9 + 2 arrangement of outer coarse fibres and microtubules. However, unique features are also present. The overall head length (9 μm) equals the greatest for any primate yet examined, and the subacrosomal space (“perforatorium” or “pseudoperforatorium”) tilted at 30° to the sagittal axis of the sperm, is described for the first time for mammals. The acrosome extends only a short distance beyond the length of the nucleus of the mature sperm, and a significant reduction in the acrosome to nuclei ratio appears to occur during the final stages of sperm maturation. In contrast to earlier predictions based on the spermatid of Tarsius syrhicta, the mature spermatozoa of Tarsiusshows greatest morphological similarity with the sperm of the Anthropoidea, which have a short symmetrical acrosome, than with the Strepsirhini, which have a relatively long acrosome that can be either symmetrical (Lemuriformes) or asymetrical (Lorisiformes). Four proposed phylogenies of the Primates are assessed using comparative sperm ultrastructure. Placing the Tarsiidae as a sister group to the Lorisidae appears the least likely. The sperm data are consistent with the Tarsiidae being a sister group to the Anthropoidea, to the Strepsirhini, or even to the extant primate groups as a whole. Use of sperm morphology to provide characters in phylogenetic systematics of the primates is discussed, and the principle of “total evidence” is preferred to the common practice of “hanging” sperm on phylogenetic hypotheses based on other evidence. © 1997 The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
Sensory Organs on the Antennae of Micropterix calthella L. (Lepidoptera, Micropterigidae)
Authors: Faucheux Michel J. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAntennal sensilla of Micropterix calthella were studied with the scanning electron microscope to determine their morphological types, relative abundance, distribution, location and possible functions. Of the 12 types occurring in both male and female moths, seven are found in most higher Lepidoptera: sensilla trichodea, multiporous s. basiconica, s. coeloconica, s. styloconica, s. chaetica, s. campaniformia and Böhm's bristles. Two types (uniporous s. basiconica and cupuliform organs) are found only in a few families. Three structures are peculiar to Micropterix: ascoïd sensilla, multiporous s. placodea and circular organs. All types of sensilla have characteristic distribution and location pattern similar in both sexes.
Characteristics of Spermatozoa from Five Gall‐Midge Species (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae)
Authors: Dallai Romano , Lupetti Pietro , Frati Francesco , Mamaev Boris M. , Afzelius Björn A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe gall‐midge family Cecidomyiidae is one of the largest within the animal kingdom. Its characteristics include, among others, a chromosome elimination during spermiogenesis and a bewildering diversity in sperm ultrastructure. The sperm tail, in particular, is unusual in that it deviates from the conventional 9+2 pattern of microtubules. We describe here the spermatozoa of five gall‐midge species, all belonging to the same supertribe Cecidomyiidi. In Bremia more than 100 microtubular doublets form a tight spiral around a central mitochondrion. In an undetermined binomen many doublets form a spiral around the mitochondria in the distal end of the sperm tail, but a single row along a peripheral cistern in the main part of the tail. In Coquillettomyia caricis a peripheral row of doublets resides in the proximal part and tightly packed doublets distally. In Arthrocnodax sp. the many doublets also form a peripheral single or double row around a central mitochondrion. In Massalongia bachmaieri there are more than 500 doublets which form several rows around the nucleus and tightly packed doublets distally. The nuclear membrane forms bundles of extensive outpocketings. There is no acrosome. The nucleus consists of both condensed and dispersed material. Only outer dynein arms are present in all this species and the spermatozoa are motile. Cecidomyiidi species that have been examined for sperm structure fall into two groups: those where the mitochondria are confined to the centre of the tail and those in which the mitochondria lie in the head region and have a peripheral location. Most species belong to the first group, while Massalongia belongs to the second one.
Ultrastructure of the Tegumental Basement Membrane of Fasciola hepatica(Trematoda)
Authors: Stoitsova Stoyanka , Gorchilova Lyubomila 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe fine–structural characteristics of the basement membrane of the tegument of F. hepaticawere examined following extraction fixations and tannic acid infiltration. The basement membrane was shown to consist of three layers: lamina lucida, lamina densa, and lamina reticularis. The lamina densa appeared amorphous and homogeneous with tannic acid impregnation. The lamina reticularis appeared as a dense network of 10–12 nm fibrils. Anchoring fibrils cross this layer and form loops. Along their length they contact hemidesmosomes of muscles, thus connecting muscle to muscle and to tegument. The tegument/basement membrane contact is enhanced by extensions of the lamina densa into infoldings of the tegumental basal membrane. Where tegumental spines reach the basement membrane, the contact is reinforced by hemidesmosomes that connect to anchoring fibrils reaching toward the underlying muscles. The basement membrane thus seems to be a complex structure integrating the distal tegumental layer with underlying tissues and transducing muscle contractions to the tegument and its spines.
Form and Function of the Primary Spines of Two Bathyal Echinothuriid Sea Urchins
Authors: Emson R. H. , Young C. M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe appearance, in situ activity and structure of the primary spines of the two deep sea echinothuriid sea urchins Phormosoma placenta and Araeosoma belli are described with particular reference to the unusual, fleshy, aboral spines. Oral primary spines of both species are clearly but differently adapted for movement over soft substrata. The aboral spines of both species bear fleshy extensions which are composed of gelatinous material in both species and are not poison sacs.Field experiments showed that the fleshy parts of the aboral spines of P. placenta are palatable to shallow‐water fish. However, the aboral spines are shown to have stored within the hollow ossicle of the spine secretory material likely to be irritant in function. The structure of the tip of the spine ossicle of both species suggests that they may act like hypodermic needles. We conclude that the aboral spines of both species are probably defensive in function but remain equivocal over the exact role of the massive fleshy extensions found in P. placenta. Other possible non‐defensive functions are briefly discussed.
Skeletal Ultrastructure in Some Articulate Cyclostome Bryozoans
Authors: Weedon Michael J. , Taylor Paul D. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe ultrastructure of the calcareous skeleton is described in 11 species of articulate cyclostome bryozoans with elastic joints. Ten species have interior walls comprising semi‐nacreous and pseudofoliated fabrics without a precursory granular layer. Exterior walls consist of outer, finely granular and planar spherulitic layers, succeeded by semi‐nacreous and pseudofoliated fabrics like those of interior walls. Outer fabrics are calcified as longitudinal strips, each corresponding to a planar sphcrulitic unit. Articulation surfaces comprise ring diaphragms of very fine granular fabric with concentric laminations. The semi‐nacre of walls adjacent to ring diaphragms contains minute holes. Crisulipora occidentalis is unique in having interior walls of transverse fibres succeeded by pseudofoliated fabric, articulation surfaces festooned with deep pits but lacking well‐differentiated ring diaphragms, and pseudopores containing sieve‐like closure plates. The ultrastructure of most articulates resembles tubuliporine cyclostomes with dominantly semi‐nacreous walls, although the lack of precursory granular fabric in the interior walls and the presence of subcircular tablets of semi‐nacre (without six‐fold sectoring) may be peculiar to articulates. In contrast, Crisulipora is more similar to other tubuliporines with transverse fibres. evidence which, together with other skeletal characters, suggests that Crisulipora evolved jointing independently of the rest of the articulate cyclostomes.
Skeletal Ultrastructure of the Early Astogenetic Stages of Some Cyclostome Bryozoans
Authors: Weedon Michael J. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe calcific protoecia of cyclostome bryozoans have remarkably uniform skeletal ultrastructure in three suborders (Tubuliporina, Cancellata and Rectangulata). The basal wall or floor has a fine outer granular layer succeeded by planar spherulitic fabric, internally lined by irregular semi‐nacre. The roof of the disc comprises an outer granular layer with an inner lining of semi‐nacre continuous with that of the floor; planar spherulitic fabric is absent. Growth of the floor of the disc is initiated around the circular outer rim and continues centripetally to the centre; the inner lining has no prevailing growth direction. The gently domed roof also initiates around the outer rim, and grows in strips, which grow toward the centre, then distally toward the distal tube of the ancestrula which has a fully adult ultrastructure. Protoecia] ultrastructure is independent of adult ultrastructure. The uniformity of skeletal ultrastructure in cyclostomes corresponds with the close similarity of larvae and post‐settlement metamorphosis in the order. The fabric suite of the protoecium resembles the skeletal ultrastructure of Palaeozoic stenolaemates. The primitive fabric condition is retained by some tubuliporines and cancellates. Complex multilayered fabric suites may have evolved in the Mesozoic by addition of new fabric types.
The Oxygen Receptor of the Teleost Gill?
Authors: Sundin Lena , Holmgren Susanne , Nilsson Stefan 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe gills of the Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua, were studied using immunohistochemical techniques. Primary antibodies directed against serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine, 5‐HT) and acetylated α‐tubulin were used to visualise cells containing serotonin and nerve fibres, respectively. Three morphologically different 5‐HT immunoreactive cell types were distinguished: (I) Neuroepithelial cells (NECs), which were abundant along the distal half of the efferent filamental arteries (EFAs), and particularly formed distinct clusters at the individual filamental tips, (II) bipolar neurones running next to the EFAs and (III) multipolar neurones innervating the proximal parts of the EFA. In addition, the study revealed a well‐developed system of nerve fibres, some of which form plexuses in association with the NECs. A relatively rich innervation of the proximal part of the EFAs, in conjunction with the EFA sphincters was also observed. Delicate varicose terminals surround the bases of the efferent lamellar arterioles. The localisation of distinct clusters of NECs at the individual filamental tips and the close connection with nerve terminals suggests a function as external branchial oxygen receptors.
The GAIF‐Positive Population of Neurons in the Evolution of the Temnocephalida
Authors: Joffe Boris. I. , Cannon Lester R. G. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe nervous system of three species of the Temnocephalida has been studied using the GAIF method (which in small flatworms mostly reveals sensory catecholaminergic neurons). These species represent the evolution from the primitive “turbellarian‐like” temnocephalids to the most specialised ones with tentacles and a sucker. The numbers and positions of GAIF‐positive neurons are invariant within each species and do not change from hatching to full maturity. A characteristic unpaired neuron contributing to the innervation of the anterior margin of the body is present in all species: such a cell has previously been found only in marine Thalassovortex tyrrhenicus (Dalyellidae) which confirms close relationships between these taxa. Our series of species shows (i) a reduction in number of GAIF‐positive perikarya associated with the lateral cords and reduction of GAIF‐positive innervation on the ventral side of the body, which is probably related to the loss of ciliary locomotion (the shift to passive hunting and looping locomotion) and (ii) reinforcement of the GAIF‐positive innervation of the anterior end of the body which begins to play an important role in capturing the prey. The retention of the medial unpaired neuron and nearly identical sets of GAIF‐positive neurons in Diceratocephala boschmai and Craspedella pedum (rather different in morphology) give the first indication (in the Plathelminthes) of persistence of homologous neurons through significant evolutionary transformations of the organs they innervate.
Ultrastructural Analysis of the Sensilla of Austroperipatus aequabilis Reid, 1996 (Onychophora, Peripatopsidae)
Authors: Bittner Kerstin , Ruhberg Hilke , Storch Volker 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe head of Austroperipatus aequabilis bears five types of sensilla. which were examined by electron microscopy. They differ from each other in position, shape of outer sensory elements and cuticular socket structures. Thus, we distinguish sensilla with sensory hairs, sensilla with sensory bulbs, cone‐shaped sensilla. sensilla with sensory bristles, and sensilla of the lips. They are composed of up to 15 cells, which can he separated into four cell types. The most frequent cell type is the bipolar receptor cell that occurs in all sensilla. The apical surface of this primary receptor cell is characterized by one or two partly branched cilia with a basal 9 × 2 + 0 pattern of microtubules. A modified bipolar receptor cell was found in all sensilla bearing a sensory peg except for the sensilla equipped with sensory bristles. The apical dendrite extends to a long pale process which exclusively contains mitochondria and single microtubules. In all sensilla examined in this study at least one supporting cell occurs which is characterized by parallel microvilli. An additional function of this cell type as a part of the stimulus‐conducting system is possible. In the sensillum with a sensory bulb two kinds of supporting cells occur. A unique cell type with an upside down position has regularly been found in all sensilla bearing a sensory peg. Apart from the sensilla they also occur within the labial epidermis. Since most sensilla contain several different receptor cells, they can be considered as complex sense organs. © 1998 The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved
Immunohistochemical Study of the Origin of the Subepicardial Mesenchyme in the Dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula)
Authors: Macías D. , Pérez‐Pomares J. M. , García‐Garrido L. , Muñoz‐Chápuli R. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA mesenchyme appears at the subepicardium of the vertebrate embryo closely following the epicardial ensheathing of the heart. We have suggested earlier that a localized epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (= transdifferentialion) of the epicardial mesothelium might explain the origin of the subepicardial mesenchymal cells (SEMC) in a primitive vertebrate, the dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula. We have tested our hypothesis through the immunolocalization, in the embryonic dogfish heart, of three proteins involved in the epithelial—mesenchymal transitions. Fibronectin immunoreactivity (FN‐IR) was present between epicardium and myocardium from the earliest stages of the epicardial development. However, in embryos ranging between 20 and 35 mm TL, FN‐IR disappeared from the basal surface of the epicardial cells at the atrioventricular and conoventricular grooves and increased in association with the SEMC. Proliferating‐cell nuclear antigen immunoreactivity was intense in most epicardial cells and SEMC in these areas and developmental stages, but it declined in later embryos. The JB3 antigen, a fibrillin‐related protein, was delected in the cytoplasm and basal surface of the epicardial cells, as well as on the SEMC surface. These immunohistochemical patterns were remarkably similar at the subepicardium and at the endocardial cushions, which are populated by mesenchymal cells derived from the transdifferentiation of the endocardium. © 1998 The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved
Care management in practice: on the use of talk and text in gerontological social work
Authors: Cedersund Elisabet , Olaison Anna 
Published: April 2010

Cedersund E, Olaison A. Care management in practice: on the use of talk and text in gerontological social workInt J Soc Welfare 2010: 19: 339–347 © 2010 The Author(s), Journal compilation © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and International Journal of Social Welfare.This is a study of encounters between social workers and citizens in one type of welfare organisation, the municipal elder care system. The article sheds light on how older people's claims are dealt with in the processing of home care applications. Twenty encounters between social workers and older people were studied using discourse analysis. The findings reveal that discursive practices are part of the routine when the applications are processed. The application handling follows an agenda‐bound pattern that is visible in the encounters. In these standardised procedures, oral discourse is embedded in routines that also include the use of texts. However, within this institutional order, there is also an important element of negotiation between the parties. It is therefore claimed that the encounters include a negotiated order that does not exist on its own, but is achieved in the ongoing interaction.
Compromised vascular endothelial cell SKCa activity: a fundamental aspect of hypertension?
Authors: Garland Christopher J 
Published: April 2010

Smooth muscle hyperpolarization originating in the endothelium and commonly referred to as the EDHF (endothelium‐derived hyperpolarizing factor) response provides a very significant drive to vasodilatation particularly in small resistance arteries. Together with other endothelium‐dependent dilator pathways ‘EDHF’ hyperpolarization is compromised by cardiovascular disease, including hypertension. However, although attenuated vascular hyperpolarization has been described in animal models of hypertension, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In the current issue of the British Journal of Pharmacology, Weston et al. combine classic pharmacological approaches with electrophysiological and molecular techniques to suggest that attenuated endothelium‐dependent hyperpolarization (and as a consequence vasodilatation) reflects major disruption of pathways associated with the activation of endothelial small conductance Ca2+‐activated K‐channels (SKCa) in mesenteric arteries from spontaneously hypertensive rats. In addition to reductions in SKCa and KIR proteins, changes in caveolin‐1 isomers were also detected, possibly indicating channel realignment within plasmalemmal structures.This article is a commentary on Weston et al., pp. 836–843 of this issue. To view this paper visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1476‐5381.2010.00657.x
Video versus traditional informed consent for neonatal circumcision
Authors: Chantry Caroline J , Byrd Robert S , Sage Allyson C , Calvert Emma E 
Published: April 2010

Abstract Aim:  To determine if videotapes about newborn circumcision would be superior to traditional physician ‘informed consent’ discussion for maternal knowledge, satisfaction and perception of provider bias.Design/methods:  A convenience sample of mothers interested in or undecided about circumcision was randomized to watch a video on: (i) circumcision risks/benefits (‘Video‐Plus’ n = 168); or (ii) unrelated material followed by traditional physician risk/benefit discussion (‘Standard‐MD’ n = 136). Questionnaires were administered during hospitalization and subsequent telephone interviews. Statistical differences were analysed by chi‐square and Wilcoxon signed rank test.Results:  Most mothers (82%) decided about circumcision prenatally. Fewer mothers perceived bias from the video vs. physicians [1.1% vs. 6.8%, p = 0.04]. Composite knowledge (correct of 10 answers) [ (SD) 6.5 (2.1) vs. 6.4 (2.1), p = 0.78] or satisfaction [5‐point Likert scale, 3.98 (1.50) vs. 3.75 (1.58), p = 0.16] did not differ by group, although more highly educated mothers preferred the video [satisfaction 4.08 (1.01) vs. 2.63 (0.99), p = 0.04]. Significant knowledge gaps existed in both groups.Conclusion:  In this setting, no difference in maternal knowledge was found between ‘Video‐Plus’ and traditional informed consent although more highly educated mothers preferred the video. Better ways to achieve understanding of risks and benefits for this elective procedure should be sought.