bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pernicious Solidarities
Authors: Scholz Sally J. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Relations of solidarity might sometimes become dangerous for some participants. In addition to the potential for direct harm caused by actions undertaken collectively in solidarity, there is also the potential for indirect harm of the action or the relation itself. Using the language of ‘pernicious solidarity,’ this chapter examines instances when a relation of solidarity might have an adverse impact on the social standing of some members, when it might disempower some members more than others, or when it excludes some people or issues that ought to be included. For political solidarity, the question is whether there is a way to avoid these pernicious impacts of solidarity on actors or, if the relation appears dangerous to some, to understand the weight of that danger and seek avenues to mitigate it. The virtues of trust and equity, the author argues, are at the heart of these questions.
Solidarity
Authors: Kohn Margaret 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Political solidarity is produced through shared experiences, interests, or goals. Civic solidarity is different and more puzzling. Citizens often have opposing interests and share only the limited goal of peaceful coexistence. Why should members of a polity care about the flourishing of strangers? The concept of solidarity is important because it promises to provide a way of linking obligations of justice and concrete ways of life that motivate other-regarding action. In his early work, Habermas called solidarity “the reverse-side of justice.” This chapter unpacks the complex relationship between justice and solidarity in Habermas’s thought. It also examines the main objections to civic solidarity. Critics typically treat solidarity as a form of communitarianism that threatens pluralism and freedom. The author argues that a concept of solidarity based on social property rather than ethno-nationalist identity can satisfy the main objections.
Introduction
Authors: Şahin Christine M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Introduction Abstract: The introduction outlines the main argument and scope of the book. This multi-sited ethnography covers class-stratified belly dancing sites in Cairo as they relate to larger state politics in the aftermath of the January 25, 2011 revolution. Readers are introduced to key Dance Studies and Middle Eastern Gender Studies theory and concepts as well as the definition of belly dance, known as raqs sharqi in Arabic. The author’s positionality towards her research topic is examined as well as the general outline of the book’s chapter structures. Socio-political background context of contemporary Egyptian politics as well as belly dancing are overviewed.
Five-Star Hotels
Authors: Şahin Christine M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chapter 2 mines the predicament of raqs sharqi within the unstable future of five-star hotels following the 2011 revolution and ensuing economic fallout. In post-revolutionary Cairo, few five-star hotels offer extravagant raqs sharqi venues and performances. Consequently, a popular discourse is that raqs sharqi is dying. Rather than accept appearances for surface value, this chapter theorizes the “appearances vs. actualities” of bodily labor and explores how raqs sharqi remains, but differently. It explores a fieldwork case study focused on a specific dancer performing within an established hotel site—Amina, at the Marriott hotel’s Empress nightclub. In doing so, its argument is that rather than seeing empty rooms, sites, and futures, Amina’s show may sway us toward intersectionally understood actualities sweetened with abundance within both raqs sharqi as well as larger state politics.
The Web for Free
Authors: Shackelford Scott J. , Bradner Scott O. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the story of Tim Berners-Lee, creator of the World Wide Web, and his decision not to patent his invention and its wider implications for net neutrality, social networks, and cyber sovereignty. The period from the 1980s to the early 1990s was a time of expansion for the early Internet in terms of connectivity and potential. It was important to take advantage of the growing ubiquity of the underlying technologies and to combine them in a new way to enable anyone to create and find information online. A strong case can be made that Berners-Lee and the World Wide Web can still play key roles in combining these technologies. The decision to keep the web in the public domain changed history and led to the tremendous growth it experienced in the 1990s and beyond.
Why We’re Still Living in 1995
Authors: Shackelford Scott J. , Bradner Scott O. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter describes the gradual commercialization of the Internet and how things could have turned out very differently. It explores the maturing commercialized web of the 1990s, how the policy decisions made about Internet service providers (ISPs) changed the basic philosophy of the Internet during that decade, and the resulting bitter and continuing fight over net neutrality today. It focuses on the increasing competition of the U.S. ISP market in 1995, which launched a wave of mergers and consolidation that led to the so-called ISP Wars. The chapter explores how economic considerations have impacted the content and price point available to Internet users and what role government should play to ensure a level and competitive playing field. The anticompetitive behaviors of tech firms, including ISPs, are an ongoing concern, including those in the context of net neutrality.
Disciplined Sounds
Authors: Favila Cesar D. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores disciplinary spaces and sounds implied in documents such as notarial records and, more specifically, in the music dowry-waiver process. These sources reflected institutional expectations for the brides of Christ that demanded the display of personal narratives related to their social status and family lineage. Becoming a musician nun required more than a music audition; it also included racialized discussions of origin and personality. The rhetoric of disciplined hearing was fundamental for the credibility given to notarial discussions of lineage and validation of a prospective nun’s musical competence. By scrutinizing these disciplinary spaces, this chapter also gives a sense of how musician nuns might have understood themselves and comprehended the politics of the salvation economy and its crucially sonic dimensions.
Introduction
Authors: Morse Stephen S. , Kawachi Ichiro , Duncan Dustin T. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The chapter begins with an overview of the health consequences of COVID-19, including how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted mental health consequences and sleep behaviors. This introductory chapter by the volume’s editors introduces the principal themes in the social epidemiology of COVID-19. First, the authors review the current state of knowledge about the infection dynamics of the SARS-Cov-2 virus, and how it intersects with the social world, including who is at greatest risk of exposure, and who is susceptible to severe disease and death. Two years into the pandemic, it was painstakingly obvious that the COVID-19 pandemic had exacerbated health disparities in the United States and worldwide. Globally, the pandemic has set back progress in poverty reduction, under-5 child mortality, and malnutrition. Within both poor and rich countries, the burden of COVID-19 has fallen most heavily on the most disadvantaged groups in society. The chapter provides an overview of how the pandemic intersects with nearly every social determinant of health—ranging from socioeconomic status (occupation, income, and education), race/ethnicity, gender, immigrant status, to neighborhood contexts, working conditions, social connectedness, and macroeconomic forces including income inequality. The detailed connections between each social determinant and COVID-related outcomes are elaborated in the chapters to follow.
COVID-19 across the Life Course
Authors: Kuh Diana , Blodgett Joanna M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines how a life course epidemiological perspective can improve understanding of the lifetime risks and long-term health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. It first introduces life course epidemiology and identifies the key life course questions to address in relation to the pandemic. The authors provide a brief historical overview of the role of infectious diseases in the development of chronic diseases, noting how the pandemic is helping to break down the traditional divide in epidemiology between these two types of diseases, and then discuss what can be learned from studying the long-term health and economic effects of previous pandemics. COVID-19 and the chronic health conditions of later life share many risk factors, such as poor lifetime living conditions, education and cognition, health behaviors, and prior physical and mental health. The authors identify the groups at highest risk in childhood and adulthood of chronic diseases and poor or accelerated functional aging and discuss how the COVID-19 pandemic may influence and exacerbate the impact of these risk factors on those outcomes. They discuss how the value of life course epidemiology may be enhanced by incorporating pandemics and other global challenges into traditional life course frameworks and models, benefiting from advances in exposure science in assessing lifelong exposures, and paying more attention to the lifetime determinants and consequences of infectious diseases. In particular, they emphasize the importance of focusing on how lifetime health inequalities are being exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, and the interventions needed to address these inequalities across the life course.
Social Class, Poverty, and COVID-19
Authors: Riley Alicia R. , Maria Glymour M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Socioeconomic status is widely acknowledged to be a “fundamental cause” of health, yet media narratives have overwhelmingly focused on racial disparities in COVID-19. As a recent New England Journal of Medicine editorial commented, racializing the national conversation about COVID-19 risks “biologizing” the problem, that is, the assumption that racial differences in risk are due to innate biological susceptibility differences . This chapter discusses the underlying reasons for this disconnect: (1) national reporting systems (hospital EMRs and vital statistics) commonly fail to record socioeconomic data; and consequently, (2) infectious disease models as well as epidemiological analyses fail to incorporate socioeconomic data in disease transmission dynamics. Similarly, existing policy analyses of the pandemic—for example, cost-benefit analysis of border closures and lockdowns—are often silent with regard to the distributional consequences of policy alternatives; namely, which groups in society will bear the risks of reopening the economy, versus which groups will be most affected by continuing restrictions on economic activity. This chapter provides comprehensive coverage of the socioeconomic dimensions of the pandemic (including societal efforts to the control the pandemic). In so doing, it seeks to provide a framework for evaluating ongoing policy decisions, such as who should receive priority for vaccine distribution.
Disability and Ableism in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Bhatt Krish J. , Swenor Bonnielin K. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has uniquely impacted people with disabilities. This chapter discusses disability and ableism in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. The authors take an intersectional perspective, as disabled people are more likely to be people of color, to belong to sexual and gender minority groups, to experience socioeconomic disparities, and to be without regular and affordable healthcare. People with disabilities are also more likely to live in congregate care settings and to have been disproportionately affected by previous population-level disasters. The authors examine the pandemic’s impact on people with disabilities through the domains of medical rationing and healthcare ethics, public health response, disruptions to routine care, access to COVID-19 prevention and treatment, risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes, and magnified inequities. They also illuminate gaps in research on COVID-19 outcomes among people with disabilities and emphasize the need for disability leadership and inclusion in the pandemic response.
The Play of Postmodernity
Authors: Hirst Aggie 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores play in the era of poststructuralism and offers a new theory of play, “deconstructive play,” grounded in the thought of Jacques Derrida. It begins by tracing the role of play—understood not as directed play but rather as free play—in Derrida’s thought and his conceptualization of deconstruction. Having done so, it sets out deconstructive play as a third type that differs from both the Apollonian and Dionysian modes. This reconceptualization embraces the Dionysian tradition’s principles of festival, unreason, and groundlessness but challenges its tendency to reify and romanticize a warrior-hero play subject. The chapter finally shows how deconstructive play can help expose the politics of gaming by disentangling play from game, cultivating a deconstructive player-subject, and operationalizing deconstructive play in gameworlds.
Conclusion
Authors: Hirst Aggie 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The conclusion recapitulates the argument developed in the book and sets the agenda for future research. It begins by restating the book’s status as the first in IR exploring the topic of military wargaming. From there, it makes the case for an academic field of wargaming, setting out important areas for scholarly analysis including refining its methodological assumption, detailed empirical studies, the importance of reflexivist engagements moving forward, and issues of ethics and diversity. Finally, it turns the deconstructive lens advocated in the book onto the argument itself, addressing questions of the cooptation of play, sites of resistance, the operation of deconstructive play, and the agents of such play.
Partiality in the World and in Theory
Authors: Jeske Diane 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chapter 1 provides an overview of the structure of the book, explaining its division into two parts: the first four chapters address the theoretical issues concerning the nature and grounds of our reasons to care for our intimates, while the final four chapters address the nature of intimacy, intimacy with nonhuman animals, intimacy in public policy, and partiality in an imperfect world. The second half of the chapter presents the meta-ethical framework that provides the background for the discussion, explaining different conceptions of value and reasons. Important distinctions between categories of reasons are made: subjective vs. objective, agent-neutral vs. agent-relative, and moral vs. nonmoral.
Our Projects and Our Friends
Authors: Jeske Diane 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The Projects View of our reasons to care for our intimates is considered and rejected as a complete account of those reasons. The Projects View points out that our relationships with friends, family, and other intimates are among the most significant personal projects that most of us develop. Thus, the advocates of the view conclude, our reasons to care for our intimates are the same sorts of reasons a person might have to be a philosopher, promote a cherished cause, or travel the world. This view, however, cannot offer objective as opposed to subjective reasons of intimacy, and it is argued that this presents an obstacle to understanding our reasons of intimacy to be no more than project-based reasons.
A New Beginning: Founding Magnesia
Authors: Balot Ryan K. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLed by a “god,” i.e. the Athenian himself, the new colonial foundation of Magnesia is designed to transcend traditional militarism. Although the world remains inhospitable, the true legislator now holds out the hope of making decent human lives possible. Knowing what to pray for, the true legislator wishes for a “young tyrant,” whom he can rule with nous. The Athenian hints that the true legislator, ruling via the young tyrant, is the city’s best possible ruler. Though it always “stalks” and challenges the regime of law, however, the rule of nous proves on reflection to be difficult to realize in practice, because men like Kleinias will not accept it. Its mention here serves primarily to inspire Kleinias’ unconditional support for the rule of law as the best political antidote to oppressive tyranny. Instead of direct rule by nous, Magnesia will be governed by laws supported by a powerful religious ideology.
Anti-Muslim Racism and the Rise of Ethnonationalist Populism in the United States
Authors: Selod Saher 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The United States has seen a rise in populism over the last few decades. The election of Donald Trump as the 45th president of the United States raised questions about the roots of this rising ethnonationalist populism. This chapter explores how racism targeting Muslims has been growing since 9/11 played a role in a rising ethnonationalist populism in the United States. An examination of how Muslims have been portrayed in the Tea Party movement, the Ground Zero mosque protests, the birther conspiracy theory, and in the mobilization around anti-sharia bills all reveal how groups have coalesced around perpetuating anti-Muslim racism, contributing to a growing anti-immigrant and anti-Muslim populism across the country.
Muslim Life in Belgium
Authors: Farmer John , Majlesi Ava 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter considers Belgium, its growing Muslim populations, and their estrangement from the broader community amid rising right-wing populism. Street-level approaches to building communities of trust are evaluated. Although the challenge to discover a vie ensemble (life together) is a general one that exists internationally, any attempts at potential solutions to create a more inclusive and welcoming environment for minority communities in Belgium will need to address the structural barriers inherent in Belgian government, anti-immigration and anti-Muslim rhetoric propagated from the far- and center-right parties, and discriminatory policies and ideas that prevent existing and future generations of Belgian Muslims from enjoying all that full Belgian citizenship can offer.
(Un)Made in China
Authors: Beydoun Khaled A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The War on Terror has emboldened the subjugation of Uyghur Muslims in China. By adopting the rhetoric of counterterrorism and Islamophobic narratives peddled by the United States, the Communist regime profiled the Uyghur people as putative terrorists. This indictment has enabled new and nefarious fronts of policing and persecution. Such fronts include the quartering of Communist loyalists in Uyghur homes as well as restrictions on Islamic expression. Most ominously, it also includes the network of concentration camps in Xinjiang. This system of persecution, which rises to the level of ethnic cleansing, seeks to unmake the Uyghur people during a moment of rising Chinese global hegemony.
The Coloniality of Gender and the Other Others
Authors: Belle Kathryn Sophia 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chapter 8, “The Coloniality of Gender: ‘The category of Other is as original as consciousness itself,’ ” examines Beauvoir’s analysis of the situation and oppression of “woman” including the limits of biology, psychoanalysis, and historical materialism; her preference for an existential analysis; as well as history, facts, and myths that have contributed to woman’s situation as Other. Attention is given to Beauvoir’s grand historical narratives about the oppression of the white Western woman juxtaposed with her problematic claims about Indians, Asians, Arabs, and Muslims. It is argued that when Beauvoir explicitly takes up non-white, non-Western women in the text, this uptake is often presented through a colonial gaze and imaginary that tends to lock these other Others into a perpetual primitive past, even in her present moment. The chapter turns to insightful analyses of Beauvoir presented by Sally Markowitz (who critiques her orientalism) and Alia Al-Saji (who critiques her colonial tourist gaze and colonial dissonance). It also explores Kyoo Lee’s more generous readings as well as Stephanie Rivera Berruz’s critiques. Finally, the chapter also takes seriously the counter-narratives offered by María Lugones’ insightful account of the coloniality of gender and the importance of decolonial feminisms, as well as Oyèrónké Oyewùmí’s critical analysis of colonialism and gender impositions from the West.
Clean and Healthy Bodies
Authors: Hourigan Shannon E. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Teaching children to take care of all of the parts of their bodies is an important part of being a parent, but for many families, getting kids to brush their teeth or wash their hands regularly can be a source of conflict and aggravation. This chapter provides strategies to enhance children’s understanding about their bodies, increase internal motivation to engage in the self-care tasks that align with family values and culture, and guidance around conversations about puberty and bodily changes.
Health Behaviors
Authors: Isaksen Imari-Ashley P. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter covers ways to help parents maintain their child’s health through following appropriate hygiene routines and medical adherence. Teaching your child basic hygiene routines early can prevent many problems. Medical adherence can prove difficult to keep up. Following recommendations from your child’s healthcare providers and staying mindful of national guidelines provide a pathway to promote health and well-being. Maintaining health often includes taking medication and getting shots (e.g., for current illnesses and preventive vaccinations), and children may have some difficulty with following through. One size does not fit all when thinking about what makes the most sense for your child and family with respect to health maintenance. Parents can adapt the considerations and strategies covered here to fit their child’s needs.
Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer and/or Questioning, Intersex, and Asexual (LGBTQIA+) Families
Authors: Pariseau Emily M. , Kazak Anne E. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
More LGBTQ+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer) individuals are raising children than ever before. Children raised by LGBTQ+ parents are as well-adjusted as children raised by heterosexual parents; however, LGBTQ+ families often encounter personal and institutional forms of discrimination. This chapter reviews recommendations for LGBTQ+ and ally families. Experts recommend talking to children early on about diverse family structures, sharing truthful information, and revisiting these conversations in an ongoing way as children get older. Families should remain informed about the laws and policies that impact parental rights, educate children about discrimination, provide children with reassurance, and establish strong support networks.