bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Studies on Event-Related Potentials (ERPS) N400 and the Related Factors in Patients with Poststroke Depression (PSD)
Authors: Wenzhen He , De Cai , Lili Lin , Yushan Fang , Xuan Zheng 
Published: October 2010

Objective: To evaluate event-related potentials (ERPs), N400, and the related factors in patients with poststroke depression (PSD). Methods: Eighty-five stroke patients with depression, conforming to the diagnoses standard of Chinese Classification of Mental Diseases (3rd edition) (CCMD-3), were treated with fluoxetine hydrochloride for 3 months and another 85 stroke patients without depression were selected as the control group. The traits about N400 and blood platelet 5-HT concentrations of all patients were measured. Results: There were significant differences between the incubation periods and average amplitudes of N400 in patients with PSD and those in patients without PSD ( p < 0.01), while the blood platelet 5-HT concentrations of PSD patients were much lower than those of the patients without PSD ( p < 0.01). For PSD patients, the N400 incubation periods were significantly shortened, averaged amplitudes were significantly increased ( p < 0.01), and the blood platelet 5-HT concentrations were significantly raised after 3 months' treatment. Conclusions: For ERPs N400 in PSD patients, the incubation period is significantly prolonged and the average amplitude is reduced. Blood platelet 5-HT concentration may influence ERPs N400 in PSD patients. Significance: N400 detections are helpful to the early diagnostic of PSD, and provide objective electrophysiology indexes for follow-up visits.
Meta-Analysis of the Significance of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Diabetes
Authors: Renko Marjo , Tapanainen Päivi , Tossavainen Päivi , Pokka Tytti , Uhari Matti 
Published: October 2010

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate whether asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is more common in patients with diabetes than among control subjects. In addition, we wanted to clarify the clinical significance of ASB in patients with diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published data since 1966. Twenty-two studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria of the meta-analysis.

RESULTS
ASB was present in 439 of 3,579 (12.2%) patients with diabetes and in 121 of 2,702 (4.5%) healthy control subjects. ASB was more common both in patients with type 1 diabetes (odds ratio 3.0 [95% CI 1.1–8.0]) and type 2 diabetes (3.2 [2.0–5.2]) than in control subjects. The point prevalence of ASB was higher in both women (14.2 vs. 5.1%; 2.6 [1.6–4.1]) and men (2.3 vs. 0.8%; 3.7 [1.3–10.2]) as well as in children and adolescents (12.9 vs. 2.7%; 5.4 [2.7–11.0]) with diabetes than in healthy control subjects. Albuminuria was more common in patients with diabetes and ASB than those without ASB (2.9 [1.7–4.8]). History of urinary tract infections was associated with ASB (1.6 [1.1–2.3]).

CONCLUSIONS
We were able to show that the prevalence of ASB is higher in all patients with diabetes compared with control subjects. We also found that diabetic subjects with ASB more often had albuminuria and symptomatic urinary tract infections.
Prevalence, Metabolic Features, and Prognosis of Metabolically Healthy Obese Italian Individuals
Authors: Calori Giliola , Lattuada Guido , Piemonti Lorenzo , Garancini Maria Paola , Ragogna Francesca , Villa Marco , Mannino Salvatore , Crosignani Paolo , Bosi Emanuele , Luzi Livio , Ruotolo Giacomo , Perseghin Gianluca 
Published: October 2010

OBJECTIVE
Some obese individuals have normal insulin sensitivity. It is controversial whether this phenotype is associated with increased all-cause mortality risk.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Fifteen-year all-cause mortality data were obtained through the Regional Health Registry for 2,011 of 2,074 Caucasian middle-aged individuals of the Cremona Study, a population study on the prevalence of diabetes in Italy. Individuals were divided in four categories according to BMI (nonobese: &lt;30 kg/m2; obese: ≥30 kg/m2) and estimated insulin resistance (insulin sensitive: homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance &lt;2.5; insulin resistant ≥2.5).

RESULTS
Obese insulin-sensitive subjects represented 11% (95% CI 8.1–14.5) of the obese population. This phenotype had similar BMI but lower waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting glucose, triglycerides, and fibrinogen and higher HDL cholesterol than obese insulin-resistant subjects. In the 15-year follow-up, 495 deaths (cardiovascular disease [CVD]: n = 221; cancer: n = 180) occurred. All-cause mortality adjusted for age and sex was higher in the obese insulin-resistant subjects (hazard ratio 1.40 [95% CI 1.08–1.81], P = 0.01) but not in the obese insulin-sensitive subjects (0.99 [0.46–2.11], P = 0.97) when compared with nonobese insulin-sensitive subjects. Also, mortality for CVD and cancer was higher in the obese insulin-resistant subjects but not in the obese insulin-sensitive subjects when compared with nonobese insulin-sensitive subjects.

CONCLUSIONS
In contrast to obese insulin-resistant subjects, metabolically healthy obese individuals are less common than previously thought and do not show increased all-cause, cancer, and CVD mortality risks in a 15-year follow-up study.
Retinal and Gingival Hemorrhaging and Chronic Hyperglycemia
Authors: Hujoel Philippe P. , Stott-Miller Marni 
Published: October 2010

OBJECTIVE
To assess the hypothesis that retinopathies are indicative of systemic microvascular injury.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The only U.S. national survey assessing microvascular hemorrhaging at two distinct anatomical sites was the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988–1994). The systemic microvascular injury hypothesis was assessed by modeling the association of retinal and gingival hemorrhaging and the factors that explain this association.

RESULTS
Individuals in whom one or more in five gingival sites was hemorrhaging had a 57% increased odds for retinal hemorrhaging (95% CI: 1.26–1.94). This association between retinal and gingival hemorrhaging was 51% explained by A1C concentrations. Retinal and gingival hemorrhaging exhibited the signature J-shaped prevalence patterns when plotted as a function of A1C concentrations.

CONCLUSIONS
Gingival hemorrhaging reflected on retinal hemorrhaging, and both shared chronic hyperglycemia as an explanatory marker. These epidemiological findings support the hypothesis that retinopathies are reflective of systemic microvascular injury.
High Levels of Education Are Associated With an Increased Risk of Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults
Authors: Olsson Lisa , Ahlbom Anders , Grill Valdemar , Midthjell Kristian , Carlsson Sofia 
Published: October 2010

OBJECTIVETo investigate whether the risk for autoimmune diabetes in adults differs between socioeconomic groups and to compare such risk with that for type 2 diabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSThe inhabitants of the Norwegian county of Nord-Trøndelag were investigated by questionnaires and clinical examinations on three occasions during 1984–2008. We used information from a subset consisting of 56,296 subjects (participating in at least two surveys), including 122 incident cases of autoimmune diabetes in adults (aged ≥35 and anti-GAD positive) and 1,555 cases of type 2 diabetes (aged ≥35 and anti-GAD negative). Hazard ratios (HRs) of diabetes associated with self-reported education and occupation were estimated by Cox proportional hazards models.RESULTSHigh levels of education (university versus primary school) were associated with an increased risk of autoimmune diabetes (HR 1.98 [95% CI 1.21–3.26]), after adjustment for BMI, lifestyle factors, and family history of diabetes. Case subjects with high levels of education had lower levels of C-peptide, tended to have higher levels of anti-GAD, and were more often treated with insulin. Conversely, these subjects had a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes (HR 0.69 [95% CI 0.57–0.82]), a risk that was partly explained by lower BMI and more physical activity (adjusted HR 0.89 [95% CI 0.74–1.06]).CONCLUSIONSHigh levels of education are associated with an increased risk of autoimmune diabetes in adults, a finding that may be mediated by effects on autoimmune activity. Because the association is not explained by traditional risk factors, other, currently unidentified, environmental factors are likely to be involved.
Plastic Surgery and the Trauma Patients
Authors: Khundkar SH , Khondoker MS , Awwal R , Hossain SI , Faruquee SMAI 
Published: October 2010

A prospective observational study was carried out in the Department of Plastic Surgery, Dhaka Medical College Hospital. 261 patients were included as study population that were referred from Casualty Surgery, Dhaka Medical College Hospital . This population represents 15.94% of the total trauma patients admitted in Casualty Department as emergency patient during the year 2009. Among them male patients were predominant (65.52%). On an average nearly 22 patients treated in a month as emergency patients. Most of the patients were between 30+-40 years and 20+-0 years age group. Aetiology of trauma according to history revealed road traffic accident as the cause in highest number of cases about 42.91% followed by machinery injury 34.86%. 41.76% of the injury managed in hand region which was highest. 34.87% of the patients were managed by flap cover and 49.42% patients required skin graft. Other various plastic surgical procedures were done in rest (15.71%) of the patients. Average hospital stay was 19.34±5.24 days among the admitted patients. Follow up of the patients showed that majority of the patients had full recovery (about 55.55%.) . DOI: 10.3329/jdmc.v18i2.6276 J Dhaka Med Coll. 2009; 18(2) : 144-149
Les sociologies de la musique de Max Weber et Georg Simmel : une théorie relationnelle des pratiques musiciennes
Authors: Pedler Emmanuel 
Published: October 2010

Résumé Il a fallu attendre plus de trente ans pour que les rsgm (Die rationalen und soziologischen Grundlagen der Musik) commencent une carrière internationale. Trois décennies après la publication aux usa de la première traduction de ce texte énigmatique, le rythme de circulation du texte s’est accéléré pour dépasser, au tournant du xxi e siècle, un seuil significatif, celui des relectures constructives, dépassant les simples restaurations contextualisées. On se propose dans ce texte – qui constitue le premier volet d’une recherche en cours – d’entreprendre un réexamen de ces théories en s’attardant sur les travaux de Weber et Simmel (sa première sociologie de la musique de 1882) qui développent plusieurs consonances théoriques et se complètent de manière remarquable. Alors que les sociologies de la culture du xx e siècle peinent à renouveler leur pouvoir explicatif et à lever de nouveaux terrains empiriques, les premières sociologies de la musique semblent avoir été pensées pour résister à l’épreuve du temps. Leur relecture nous engage à ouvrir de nouveaux chantiers.
Y a-t-il une sociologie possible de l'œuvre musicale ? Adorno et au-delà
Authors: Menger Pierre-Michel 
Published: October 2010

Résumé Quelle contribution la sociologie peut-elle offrir à l’analyse des œuvres musicales ? J’examine d’abord le projet d’Adorno de déchiffrer la substance sociale des œuvres. Dans son programme systématique, sa sociologie est déterministe, normative et anti-empirique, et apparaît impraticable. Ses apports originaux viennent de ses monographies, et notamment de l’essai sur Mahler. La sociologie de l’œuvre proposée ici est celle de la variabilité de l’organisation du travail créateur. Et l’œuvre n’acquiert les caractères d’un bien durable qu’en étant conçue comme un bien intermédiaire indéfiniment transformé.
Sociologie analytique, mécanismes et causalité : histoire d'une relation complexe
Authors: Berger Nicolas 
Published: October 2010

Résumé La littérature contemporaine sur les mécanismes, en particulier la sociologie analytique, soutient l’idée selon laquelle le concept de mécanisme repose sur celui de cause. L’article se propose d’étudier l’origine de cette association en analysant les textes de quatre auteurs classiques de la sociologie mathématique des années 1950 et 1960 – Coleman, Fararo, Karlsson et Simon. La première partie montre que la littérature contemporaine sur les mécanismes adopte la conception « générative » de la causalité développée par certains philosophes des sciences réalistes dans les années 1960. La deuxième partie défend l’idée selon laquelle l’usage du concept de mécanisme suppose l’idée de causalité en sociologie mathématique ainsi que l’adhésion au principe de l’individualisme méthodologique. En guise de conclusion, l’article insiste sur la proximité entre le programme de recherche de la sociologie mathématique d’antan et celui la sociologie analytique contemporaine.
Facteurs d'insatisfaction incitant au départ et intention de quitter le travail : analyse comparative des groupes d'âges
Authors: Bertrand Françoise , Peters Stéphanie , Pérée Francis , Hansez Isabelle 
Published: October 2010

Résumé L’étude, qui aborde les facteurs d’insatisfaction incitant au départ et les facteurs d’insatisfaction vécus par les travailleurs ainsi que leur intention de quitter, comprend 1 772 travailleurs issus de 11 entreprises belges. Les résultats montrent que les changements organisationnels vécus par une large majorité de travailleurs représentent un facteur d’insatisfaction incitant au départ important, plus particulièrement pour les travailleurs âgés. Ensuite, le manque de développement personnel, même si davantage vécu par les travailleurs les plus âgés, représente une cause majeure de départ pour tous les groupes d’âge. Les facteurs personnels sont également un facteur d’insatisfaction important pour les jeunes travailleurs et les plus âgés. Par ailleurs, la pression au travail est un phénomène vécu par tous les travailleurs, particulièrement les plus jeunes, mais n’est pas citée comme un facteur de départ. Les résultats montrent aussi que l’insécurité au travail est un facteur vécu par les travailleurs les plus jeunes. Enfin, les différences entre les jeunes et les plus âgés ne sont pas très marquées, supportant l’idée de la gestion des âges.
La construction des échantillons dans la conception ergonomique de produits logiciels pour le grand public. Quel quantitatif pour les études qualitatives ?
Authors: Valentin Annette , Lancry Alain , Lemarchand C. 
Published: October 2010

Résumé L’objectif de ce texte est de favoriser l’intégration des utilisateurs directs dans les différentes étapes du cycle de conception : recueil des besoins, spécifications, évaluations (maquette, prototype, livraison finale). Cette intégration suppose en particulier de pouvoir limiter les tailles d’échantillons et de représenter la diversité des situations dans un petit nombre de tests. Or d’après Nielsen, 80 % des recueils d’une évaluation peuvent être fournis par 6 personnes si le test concerne un profil, et 3-4 personnes par groupe si le test concerne plusieurs groupes. Ces résultats sont discutés et précisés sur la base d’un exemple : la conception de logiciels d’aide pour les voyageurs des transports publics. L’étude souligne que l’analyse ne se limite pas aux problèmes et aux incidents ; elle concerne aussi le déroulement des stratégies et les remarques positives. D’autre part, le nombre de personnes nécessaires n’est pas lié uniquement aux critères descriptifs de la population. Il dépend également du type de produit testé, du nombre de fonctions et des conditions de recueils : les situations dynamiques et proches du réel, permettent de mieux situer l’action et apportent plus d’informations que les présentations statiques ou les situations de simulation. La notion d’échantillon doit donc être élargie de la population aux différentes dimensions des situations (contextes, tâches, outils…). Les scénarios de test doivent couvrir les combinaisons correspondantes. Par exemple, si N personnes testent T tâches dans C contextes, il y a N × T × C situations de tests. Un nombre limité de personnes permet alors de tester un nombre important de situations et d’obtenir des recueils représentatifs, variés et pertinents.
The Regulation of Th1 Responses by the p38 MAPK
Authors: Yang Ziyan , Zhang Xia , Darrah Patricia A. , Mosser David M. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
IL-12 is a dimeric cytokine that is produced primarily by APCs. In this study we examined the role that the p38 MAPKs (MAPK/p38) play in regulating IL-12 production. We show that inhibition of p38 dramatically increased IL-12 production upon stimulation, while decreasing TNF-α. This reciprocal effect on these two cytokines following MAPK/p38 inhibition occurred in many different APCs, following a variety of different stimuli. IL-12 production was also increased in macrophages treated with small interfering RNA to limit p38α expression, and in macrophages deficient in MKK3, a kinase upstream of p38. The increase in IL-12 production following MAPK/p38 inhibition appears to be due to enhanced IL-12 (p40) mRNA stability. We show that MAPK/p38 inhibition can promote Th1 immune responses and thereby enhance vaccine efficacy against leishmaniasis. In a mouse model of Leishmania major infection, vaccination with heat-killed L. major plus CpG and SB203580 elicited complete protection against infection compared with heat-killed L. major plus CpG without SB203580. Thus, this work suggests that MAPK/p38 inhibitors may be applied as adjuvants to bias immune responses and improve vaccinations against intracellular pathogens.
A New Mouse Model Reveals a Critical Role for Host Innate Immunity in Resistance to Rift Valley Fever
Authors: do Valle Tânia Zaverucha , Billecocq Agnès , Guillemot Laurent , Alberts Rudi , Gommet Céline , Geffers Robert , Calabrese Kátia , Schughart Klaus , Bouloy Michèle , Montagutelli Xavier , Panthier Jean-Jacques 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is an arthropod-borne viral disease repeatedly reported in many African countries and, more recently, in Saudi Arabia and Yemen. RVF virus (RVFV) primarily infects domesticated ruminants, resulting in miscarriage in pregnant females and death for newborns and young animals. It also has the ability to infect humans, causing a feverish syndrome, meningoencephalitis, or hemorrhagic fever. The various outcomes of RVFV infection in animals and humans argue for the existence of host genetic determinants controlling the disease. We investigated the susceptibility of inbred mouse strains to infection with the virulent RVFV ZH548 strain. Compared with classical BALB/cByJ mice, wild-derived Mus m. musculus MBT/Pas mice exhibited earlier and greater viremia and died sooner, a result in sharp contrast with their resistance to infection with West Nile virus and influenza A. Infection of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) from MBT/Pas mice with RVFV also resulted in higher viral production. Microarray and quantitative RT-PCR experiments showed that BALB/cByJ MEFs displayed a significant activation of the type I IFN pathway. In contrast, MBT/Pas MEFs elicited a delayed and partial type I IFN response to RVFV infection. RNA interference-mediated inhibition of genes that were not induced by RVFV in MBT/Pas MEFs increased viral production in BALB/cByJ MEFs, thus demonstrating their functional importance in limiting viral replication. We conclude that the failure of MBT/Pas murine strain to induce, in due course, a complete innate immune response is instrumental in the selective susceptibility to RVF.
CCR10 Is Important for the Development of Skin-Specific γδT Cells by Regulating Their Migration and Location
Authors: Jin Yan , Xia Mingcan , Sun Allen , Saylor Christina M. , Xiong Na 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Unlike conventional αβ T cells, which preferentially reside in secondary lymphoid organs for adaptive immune responses, various subsets of unconventional T cells, such as the γδ T cells with innate properties, preferentially reside in epithelial tissues as the first line of defense. However, mechanisms underlying their tissue-specific development are not well understood. We report in this paper that among different thymic T cell subsets fetal thymic precursors of the prototypic skin intraepithelial Vγ3+ T lymphocytes (sIELs) were selected to display a unique pattern of homing molecules, including a high level of CCR10 expression that was important for their development into sIELs. In fetal CCR10-knockout mice, the Vγ3+ sIEL precursors developed normally in the thymus but were defective in migrating into the skin. Although the earlier defect in skin-seeding by sIEL precursors was partially compensated for by their normal expansion in the skin of adult CCR10-knockout mice, the Vγ3+ sIELs displayed abnormal morphology and increasingly accumulated in the dermal region of the skin. These findings provide definite evidence that CCR10 is important in sIEL development by regulating the migration of sIEL precursors and their maintenance in proper regions of the skin and support the notion that unique homing properties of different thymic T cell subsets play an important role in their peripheral location.
Memory T Cells Are Enriched in Lymph Nodes of Selectin-Ligand–Deficient Mice
Authors: Harp John R. , Gilchrist Michael A. , Onami Thandi M. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Fucosyltransferase-IV and -VII double knockout (FtDKO) mice reveal profound impairment in T cell trafficking to lymph nodes (LNs) due to an inability to synthesize selectin ligands. We observed an increase in the proportion of memory/effector (CD44high) T cells in LNs of FtDKO mice. We infected FtDKO mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus to generate and track Ag-specific CD44highCD8 T cells in secondary lymphoid organs. Although frequencies were similar, total Ag-specific effector CD44highCD8 T cells were significantly reduced in LNs, but not blood, of FtDKO mice at day 8. In contrast, frequencies of Ag-specific memory CD44highCD8 T cells were up to 8-fold higher in LNs of FtDKO mice at day 60. Because wild-type mice treated with anti-CD62L treatment also showed increased frequencies of CD44high T cells in LNs, we hypothesized that memory T cells were preferentially retained in, or preferentially migrated to, FtDKO LNs. We analyzed T cell entry and egress in LNs using adoptive transfer of bone fide naive or memory T cells. Memory T cells were not retained longer in LNs compared with naive T cells; however, T cell exit slowed significantly as T cell numbers declined. Memory T cells were profoundly impaired in entering LNs of FtDKO mice; however, memory T cells exhibited greater homeostatic proliferation in FtDKO mice. These results suggest that memory T cells are enriched in LNs with T cell deficits by several mechanisms, including longer T cell retention and increased homeostatic proliferation.