bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impacts of new antidiabetic drugs on the risk of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes: a comprehensive review and meta-analysis of clinical trials
Authors: Azhari Hala F. , Dawson Jesse 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionNew classes of antidiabetic drugs reportedly lower the risk of cardiovascular events. This review summarizes the evidence for the effects of these drugs on the risk of stroke in diabetic individuals.MethodsMultiple databases that report stroke outcome data were scrutinized for clinical trials (from inception to June 25, 2023), compared sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2-Is), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RAs), and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4-Is), vs. other antidiabetic drugs and placebo.ResultsAmong the 960 identified trials, 259 satisfied the eligibility criteria. Among these, 177 and 82 trials reported at least one or no stroke events, respectively. In total, 208, 19, and 32 trials had a low, unclear, and high risk of bias, respectively. SGLT2-Is use did not decrease the risk of non-fatal hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke (risk ratio (RR) 0.96; 95% CI 0.87 to 1.06; P = 0.42) vs. either active comparators or placebo. GLP1-RAs use significantly decreased stroke risk (RR: 0.84, 95% CI [0.77, 0.93], p = 0.0005) and ischemic stroke (RR: 0.85, 95% CI [0.77, 0.94], p = 0.002) vs. placebo. However, GLP1-RAs use did not decrease hemorrhagic events vs. active comparators or placebo. DPP4-Is use did not decrease the risk of non-fatal hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke (RR: 0.91; 95% CI [0.83, 1.01], p = 0.07) vs. active comparators or placebo. For all classes, fatal stroke risk did not decrease vs. active comparators or placebo, and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) Working Group scores were moderate.DiscussionThe use of GLP1-RAs, but not SGLT2-Is or DPP4-Is, may decrease non-fatal stroke risk. Considering these results, the findings may inform the treatment of diabetic people at risk of stroke and the design of new antidiabetic interventional trials.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42017067889, identifier 42017067889.
Evaluation of Ilex guayusa and Piper marginatum Extract Cytotoxicity on Human Dental Pulp Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Sequeda-Castañeda Luis G. , Suárez-Carvajal Luisa F. , Téllez-Corral Mayra A. , Gutiérrez-Prieto Sandra J. , Méndez-Pinzón Henry A. 
Published: June 2024

Background: Amelogenesis imperfecta is a hereditary disorder affecting dental enamel. Among its phenotypes, hypocalcified AI is characterized by mineral deficiency, leading to tissue wear and, consequently, dental sensitivity. Excessive fluoride intake (through drinking water, fluoride supplements, toothpaste, or by ingesting products such as pesticides or insecticides) can lead to a condition known as dental fluorosis, which manifests as stains and teeth discoloration affecting their structure. Our recent studies have shown that extracts from Colombian native plants, Ilex guayusa and Piper marginatum, deposit mineral ions such as phosphate and orthophosphate into the dental enamel structure; however, it is unknown whether these extracts produce toxic effects on the dental pulp. Objective: To assess cytotoxicity effects on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) exposed to extracts isolated from I. guayusa and P. marginatum and, hence, their safety for clinical use. Methods: Raman spectroscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and flow cytometry techniques were employed. For Raman spectroscopy, hDPSCs were seeded onto nanobiochips designed to provide surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS effect), which enhances their Raman signal by several orders of magnitude. After eight days in culture, I. guayusa and P. marginatum extracts at different concentrations (10, 50, and 100 ppm) were added. Raman measurements were performed at 0, 12, and 24 h following extract application. Fluorescence microscopy was conducted using an OLIMPUS fv1000 microscope, a live–dead assay was performed using a kit employing a BD FACS Canto TM II flow cytometer, and data analysis was determined using a FlowJo program. Results: The Raman spectroscopy results showed spectra consistent with viable cells. These findings were corroborated using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry techniques, confirming high cellular viability. Conclusions: The analyzed extracts exhibited low cytotoxicity, suggesting that they could be safely applied on enamel for remineralization purposes. The use of nanobiochips for SERS effect improved the cell viability assessment.
Novel Treatment Strategies for Hormone Receptor (HR)-Positive, HER2-Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Ferro Antonella , Campora Michela , Caldara Alessia , De Lisi Delia , Lorenzi Martina , Monteverdi Sara , Mihai Raluca , Bisio Alessandra , Dipasquale Mariachiara , Caffo Orazio , Ciribilli Yari 
Published: June 2024

Estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer (BC) is the most common BC subtype. Endocrine therapy (ET) targeting ER signaling still remains the mainstay treatment option for hormone receptor (HR)-positive BC either in the early or in advanced setting, including different strategies, such as the suppression of estrogen production or directly blocking the ER pathway through SERMs—selective estrogen receptor modulators—or SERDs—selective estrogen receptor degraders. Nevertheless, the development of de novo or acquired endocrine resistance still remains challenging for oncologists. The use of novel ET combined with targeted drugs, such as cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors, has significantly improved long-term outcome rates, thus changing the therapeutic algorithm for metastatic BC (MBC) and recently the therapeutic strategy in the adjuvant setting for early high-risk BC. Eluding the resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors combined with ET is currently an unmet medical need, and there is disagreement concerning the best course of action for patients who continue to progress after this combination approach. Genetic changes in the tumor along its growth uncovered by genomic profiling of recurrent and/or metastatic lesions through tumor and/or liquid biopsies may predict the response or resistance to specific agents, suggesting the best therapeutic strategy for each patient by targeting the altered ER-dependent pathway (novel oral SERDs and a new generation of anti-estrogen agents) or alternative ER-independent signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR or tyrosine kinase receptors (HER2 mutations or HER2 low status) or by inhibiting pathways weakened through germline BRCA1/2 mutations. These agents are being investigated as single molecules and in combination with other target therapies, offering promising weapons to overcome or avoid treatment failure and propose increasingly more personalized treatment approaches. This review presents novel insights into ET and other targeted therapies for managing metastatic HR+/HER2− BC by exploring potential strategies based on clinical evidence and genomic profiling following the failure of the CDK4/6i and ET combination.
التدخل العثماني في اليمن 945 - 962هـ (1539 - 1555م).
Authors: محمد عيسى صالحية  
Published: June 2024

ينصب إهتمام الكاتب حول الثورة الشعبية ضد الحكم العثماني وذلك من خلال عرض التطورات التي خلقت جبهة يمنية فعالة مكنت اليمنيين من دحر البرتغاليين ثم العثمانيين .
وتتناول هذه الدراسة الدوافع العثمانية لغزو اليمن وهي :
-	حاجة الدولة العثمانية إلي السيطرة علي البحر الأحمر و المحيط الهندي.
-	الاتصال اليمني – العثماني عقب غزو مصر 1517 .
-	لتهديد التواجد البرتغالي الذي هدد الدولة الإسلامية.
-	حماية الحرم المكي و المدني .
ولقد بدا أن تحقيق الأهداف السابق ذكرها من الصعوبة بمكان وذلك للأسباب التالية :
1)	قوات المماليك المتبقية والتي لم تقرر بعد قبولها أو رفضها للوجود العثماني .
2)	الحرب الأهلية اليمنية بين المناضلين اليمنيين والذين أخفقوا في توحيد موقف اليمن سواء بتأييد أو معارضة العثمانيين .
3)	سوء معاملة قيادة الجيش العثماني للرعايا في مصر والذي اتصف بجباية الأموال بأسرع وقت ممكن ونقل الهدايا إلي الآستانة .
معوقات استخدام طرق التدريس الحديثة في تدريس الرياضيات بالمرحلتين الابتدائية والمتوسطة من وجهة نظر معلمي الرياضيات في مدينة حائل
Authors: عثمان ناصر منصور  
Published: June 2024

هدفت الدراسة الحالية إلى الكشف عن المعوقات التي تحول دون استخدام معلمي الرياضيات طرق التدريس الحديثة في تدريس الرياضيات بالمرحلتين الابتدائية والمتوسطة، وكذلك معرفة أثر كل من سنوات الخبرة والمؤهل العلمي والمشاركة في الدورات التدريبية حول طرق التدريس الحديثة في إدراك تلك المعوقاتà تكونت عينة الدراسة من (111) معلماً من معلمي الرياضيات بالمرحلتين الابتدائية والمتوسطة في مدينة حائل تم اختيارهم بالطريقة العشوائية البسيطة خلال الفصل الدراسي الثاني للعام 2012/2013م. وتوصلت الدراسة إلى عدد من النتائج نوردها كما يلي: -	أظهرت المعوقات المرتبطة بالطالب أنها المعوقات الأكثر صعوبة أمام معلمي الرياضيات وتحول دون استخدامهم طرق التدريس الحديثة في تدريس الرياضيات وبمتوسط حسابي كبير (3.72). -	تبين أن أكثر المعوقات التي تواجه معلمي الرياضيات وتحول دون استخدامهم طرق التدريس الحديثة في تدريس الرياضيات هي (كثرة الأعباء التدريسية على المعلم، ارتفاع أعداد التلاميذ في الفصول الدراسية، طول المحتوى الدراسي) وبدرجة إعاقة كبيرة جداً. -	لا يوجد فرق ذو دلالة إحصائية في طبيعة المعوقات المرتبطة بــــ (المعلم، الطالب، المنهاج أو الكتاب المدرسي، الإدارة والنظام المدرسي)، وفي الاستبانة ككل تعزى إلى اختلاف سنوات الخبرة. -	وجود فرق ذي دلالة إحصائية في طبيعة المعوقات المرتبطة بطرق التدريس نفسها تعزى إلى اختلاف سنوات الخبرة، ولمصلحة سنوات الخبرة الأقل. -	لا يوجد فرق ذو دلالة إحصائية في طبيعة المعوقات المرتبطة بــــ (الطالب، الإدارة والنظام المدرسي) تعزى إلى اختلاف المؤهل العلمي. -	وجود فرق ذي دلالة إحصائية في طبيعة المعوقات المرتبطة بــــ (المعلم، المنهاج أو الكتاب المدرسي، طرق التدريس نفسها) وفي الاستبانة ككل تعزى إلى اختلاف المؤهل العلمي، وذلك لمصلحة المؤهل العلمي (أقل من البكالوريوس). -	لا يوجد فرق ذو دلالة إحصائية في طبيعة المعوقات المرتبطة بــــ (المعلم، الطالب، المنهاج أو الكتاب المدرسي، الإدارة والنظام المدرسي) وفي الاستبانة ككل تعزى إلى المشاركة في الدورات التدريبية. -	وجود فرق ذي دلالة إحصائية في طبيعة المعوقات المرتبطة بطرق التدريس نفسها تعزى إلى المشاركة في الدورات التدريبية ولمصلحة الذين لم يشاركوا في الدورات التدريبية حول طرق التدريس الحديثة.
TARGETED USE OF COMPREHENSIVE GERIATRIC ASSESSMENT TOOLS IN CARDIOLOGY. PART I (literature review)
Authors: Лаптева Е.С. , Арьев А.Л. 
Published: June 2024

Цель представленного обзора — демонстрация важности комплексного гериатрического обследования в кардиологии, включая гериатрические аспекты ведения данного контингента больных. До настоящего времени в РФ полностью отсутствует гериатрический подход к ведению пациентов кардиологического профиля, что предусматривает рассмотрение международного опыта по данному вопросу. Курация пациентов пожилого и старческого возраста осложняется наличием гериатрических синдромов и возраст-ассоциированных заболеваний, ведущих к ухудшению качества жизни, повторным госпитализациям, инвалидизации и риску смерти. Ведущим гериатрическим синдромом для врача-гериатра является старческая астения и множественная сопутствующая полиморбидная патология. Пациента, попадающего в стационар по неотложному состоянию, имеющего в анамнезе сердечно-сосудистую коморбидную патологию, в первую очередь рассматривают как пациента с высоким риском сердечно-сосудистых осложнений, опуская значение риска неблагоприятных исходов, включающее потерю независимости и нарушение функционального статуса. Данный обзор показывает важность определения старческой астении вне кабинета гериатра, обосновывая необходимость повышения квалификации врачей-кардиологов по гериатрии.
The purpose of this review is to demonstrate the importance of using a comprehensive geriatric examination in cardiology, including geriatric aspects of the management of this patient population. Until now, the Russian Federation has completely lacked a geriatric approach to the management of cardiological patients, which provides for consideration of international experience in this survey. The curation of elderly and elderly patients is complicated by the presence of geriatric syndromes and age-associated diseases leading to deterioration of quality of life, repeated hospitalizations, disability and risk of death. The leading geriatric syndrome in geriatric practice is senile asthenia and multiple comorbid polymorbid pathologies of the geriatric patient. A patient admitted to an acute care hospital with a history of cardiovascular comorbid pathology is primarily viewed as a patient at high risk for cardiovascular complications, omitting the risk of adverse outcomes, including loss of independence and impaired functional status. The following literature review demonstrates the importance of defining senile asthenia outside of the geriatrician’s office, justifying the need for advanced training for cardiologists in geriatrics.
PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS STSE DALAM MENINGKATKAN MINAT BELAJAR IPA DI MTS PONDOK PESANTREN NURUL HAQ BENTENG LEWO
Authors: IAIN Parepare Hardiana , Andi Meni  
Published: June 2024

Abstrak: Kondisi pesantren menjadi faktor keberhasilan belajar santri. Fakta di lapangan menunjukkan bahwa kurangnya metode, strategi, dan pendekatan yang digunakan dan selalu menggunakan metode ceramah sehingga kurangnya minat belajar santri khususnya belajar IPA ditambah lagi alat lab yang tidak memadai, solusi pembelajaran yang selalu dilakukan guru adalah dengan belajar diluar kelas sehingga dibutuhkan metode/strategi/pendekatan yang dapat mengubah pembelajaran menjadi seru dengan memanfaatkan lingkungan sekitar salah satunya adalah Pembelajaran Berbasis STSE, pembelajaran ini merupakan pembelajaran yang menggabungkan antara sains, lingkungan, teknologi, masyarakat. Dengan adanya pendekatan ini santri dapat menikmati proses pembelajaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan minat belajar IPA dengan menerapkan pembelajaran berbasis SETS (Science, Environment, Technology, Society). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas dengan model Kemmis and Mctaggart. Subjek penelitian adalah peserta didik kelas XI MTS PP Nurul Haq Benteng Lewo yang berjumlah 36 orang. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah model interaktif Miles and Huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai rata-rata minat belajar IPA dilihat dari tes dan karya yang dibuatnya. pada pra tindakan sebesar 44,44 % (kategori cukup), pada Siklus I sebesar 52,77 % (kategori baik), dan pada Siklus II sebesar 94,44% (kategori baik). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan pembelajaran berbasis SETS dapat meningkatkan Minat Belajar IPA Di Mts Pondok Pesantren Nurul Haq Benteng Lewo.
SCIENTIFIC APPROACHES IN INCREASING STUDENTS' LEARNING MOTIVATION IN PHYSICS SUBJECTS
Authors: Nabila Salsabila Annisa , Fajriyani, F  
Published: June 2024

Salah satu faktor terpenting yang dapat mempengaruhi suatu keberhasilan belajar di sekolah adalah motivasi belajar. Motivasi belajar yang berada pada kategori rendah menjadi masalah bagi guru. Hal ini dikarenakan sebagai pendidik, guru diharapkan untuk dapat menciptakan inovasi yang baru sebagai salah satu upaya dalam meningkatkan motivasi belajar terutama pada materi pembelajaran fisika. Oleh karena itu, tujuan dari penelitian adalah mengetahui motivasi belajar Siswa kelas X IPA dalam bidang Fisika. Penelitian yang menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian eksperimen serta desain penelitian True Experimental ini dibentuk menjadi dua kelompok yaitu kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol yang nantinya akan diperlakukan dengan cara yang berbeda. Pengujian dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan uji dua sisi dengan tingkat signifikan 5% atau 0,05 yang merupakan nilai standar yang biasa digunakan dalam penelitian. Pada hasil penelitian menunjukkan kelas kontrol dari 17 siswa 76,5% siswa berada pada kategori memiliki motivasi belajar tinggi dan 23,5% siswa berada pada kategori motivasi belajar sedang. Sedangkan hasil pada kelas ekperimen yaitu dari 16 siswa 100% siswa berkategori motivasi belajar yang tinggi. Berdasarkan uji analisis lebih lanjut, disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang positif pada pembelajaran berbasis pendekatan saintifik dengan peningkatan motivasi belajar peserta didik.
Comparative analysis of the epidemiological situation and the efficiency of the phthisiatric service in the Republic of Crimea and the Russian Federation
Authors: Makhkamova Z. R. , Golubova T. N. , Podgaynaya O. A. 
Published: June 2024

Introduction. The epidemiologic situation of tuberculosis (TB) in the Russian Federation (RF) challenges regional TB services to improve their performance.Aim. To assess the epidemiological situation of TB and the work of the phthisiatric service in the Republic of Crimea (RC) and the RF between 2018 and 2022.Materials and methods. The epidemiological situation and the work of the phthisiatric service were analyzed using data from the Crimean Republican Clinical Center of Phthisiology and Pulmonology, the FSBI "National Medical Research Center for Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, and the Russian Research Institute of Health. Statistical processing included the analysis of dynamic series.Results. In 2018-2022 among the whole population of the RC, as in the RF, there was a trend of decreasing TB incidence and prevalence with a higher level of the indicator in the region. In RC, the rate of decline in TB incidence in the general population was higher than in the 0-17 age group. The proportion of children aged 0-14 years sick with TB in the RC compared to the RF was on average higher, with a more pronounced growth trend. The coverage of preventive examinations of the population and the proportion of detected TB patients in the RC were on average lower than in the country (by 1.5 and 1.3 times, respectively). The rate of decrease of the indicator in the region exceeded the national one. The ratio of morbidity to mortality in general, both in the RF and in the RC, had a positive trend. The rate of decrease of the indicator in the region exceeded the national one. The ratio of morbidity to mortality in general, both in the RF and in the RC, had a positive trend. In general, the rate of TB recurrence was decreasing in the country and the region. On average, the level of TB relapses in the RC exceeded the national level, but the rate of decrease in the indicator in the region was 4 times higher than in the RF.Conclusion. Between 2018 and 2022, the epidemiological situation of TB in the RC, along with certain positive trends, was characterized by a number of problems, which, in our opinion, were due to the difficulties of the primary link and the anti-tuberculosis service during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Association of <i>TAS2R3</i>, <i>TAS2R4</i> and <i>TAS2R5</i> gene polymorphism with predisposition to asthma
Authors: Naumov D. E. , Gassan D. A. , Kotova O. O. , Sheludko E. G. , Afanas’eva E. Yu. , Sugaylo I. Yu. , Gorchakova Y. G. 
Published: June 2024

Introduction. It is known that bitter taste receptors (TAS2R) are expressed on many cells of the respiratory system and their activation is accompanied by a wide range of potentially beneficial effects for the treatment of asthma.Aim. To evaluate the influence of TAS2R3, TAS2R4 and TAS2R5 polymorphisms on the development of asthma, parameters of lung function and control of the disease.Materials and methods. The study enrolled 240 patients with asthma of varying severity (mean age 43.9±1.03 years, 44.5% males) and 90 healthy volunteers (control group, mean age 38.0±1.09 years, 50% males). Lung function was assessed using standard spirometry, the disease control was determined by ACT questionnaire. Preliminary screening by minor allele frequency, prediction of functional significance and assessment of linkage disequilibrium allowed us to select TAS2R4 rs33920115 as a representative variant for the group of TAS2R3, TAS2R4 and TAS2R5 polymorphisms. Genotyping was performed by PCR with high-resolution melting analysis.Results. rs33920115 polymorphism was significantly associated with asthma in codominant (p=0.01), dominant (p=0.006), recessive (p=0.03), log-additive (p=0.003) and multiplicative (p=0.003) genetic models. Carriage of the AA genotype was more often observed among patients with asthma (29.2% vs. 17.8%) while the GG homozygotes were prevalent in the control group (33.3% vs. 19.2%). The effect remained significant after adjustment for sex and age (OR 1.8; 95%CI (1.26-2.61), p=0.001 for log-additive model). We found no effect of rs33920115 on lung function and asthma control.Conclusion. TAS2R4 rs33920115 polymorphism and associated variations in TAS2R3 and TAS2R5 genes may influence the predisposition to asthma development, probably due to changes in the expression of the corresponding receptors.
Herlyn-Werner Wünderlich Ohvira Syndrome (Obstructed Hemi-Vagina And Ipsilateral Renal Anomaly), Different Forms of Clinical Presentation and How to Integrate 2d and 3d Ultrasound for Proper Management. Case Series
Authors: Quintero Juan Carlos , Rojas John Jairo , Quintero Natalia 
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal anomaly (OHVIRA) syndrome, is a rare Mullerian duct anomaly with uterus didelphys, unilateral obstructed hemivagina, and ipsilateral renal agenesis. In most cases, Patients who rarely present this structural anomaly, start to experience sympotms such as chronic pelvic pain and mass sensation that usually swap that star wirh menarche and variate with the menstrual cycle. Objective: this is an original article which aims to describe the wide range of symptoms presented by patients with (OHVIRA) syndrome, how their quality of life is affected due to underdiagnosis, and how 2D and 3D ultrasound is an important tool for the diagnosis of an adequate surgical technique. Matherials and methods: narrative describes the case of 2 adolescent patients who were incidentally diagnosed with the syndrome in the city of Cali Colombia at the imbanaco Clinic. information was obtained from their respective clinical histories, and ultrasound images and the respective surgical techniques used for the management of the symptoms were also extracted. the informed consent of both patients was obtained. Results: The diagnosis is usually late or incidental because the clinical presentation only becomes evident once menarche occurs. As the clinical and structural presentation of the pathology comprises a wide spectrum, therefore the diagnosis today is made by means of 2D and 3D ultrasonography, diagnostic imaging such as computed axial tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. the management will depend on the structural anomaly and the intensity of the symptoms. Today surgical method are usually the treatment of choice. Conclusion: OHVIRA syndrome is a rare congenital anomaly that represents a diagnostic challenge because of the regular menstruation and nonspecific clinical presentation . Health care providers should be aware of the different extending symptoms in order to employ different diagnose images such as 2D and 3D ultrasonography operated by highly trained staff (sensibility >90 % y specificity 100% to facilitate early and accurate management and improve patients quality life.