bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinicodynamical Characteristics of Panic Disorders in Alcohol-dependent Patients
Authors: Tsygankov D. , Terekhova D. , Agasaryan E. 
Published: March 2009

The aim of this study was to examine clinicodynamical characteristics of clinical course of alcohol addiction and panic disorders. Patients (n = 214) with comorbidity of alcoholism and panic disorder were included in this study.Defined and described were 4 clinical variants of associated course of these diseases that differ in formation order, cause-effect relations between alcohol abuse and panic disorder, clinical features and course of alcoholism and panic attacks, further development of double pathology.The first group included patients with full abstinence from alcohol for no less than one year by reason of panic attacks during alcohol withdrawal syndrome. The second group consisted of patients whose panic attacks were followed by ingesting considerable doses of alcohol in order to release anxiety, which resulted in the bout of heavy drinking. Episodic paroxysmal alcohol ingestion was typical in patients from the third group. Ingestion of considerable doses of alcohol leaded to panic attacks, the following abstinence from alcohol (6 months in average) was based on fear of reiteration of panic disorder. The forth group included patients with panic attacks during clinical remission of alcohol addiction who used alcohol to ease the panic symptoms. This resulted in the heavy alcoholism recurrence.The results of the study can serve as a basis for working out programs of differential therapy for above-mentioned patients.The study is supported by the President's Grant Mκ-2670.2008.7.
Depressive Disorders in Alcohol use
Authors: Radut C. , Tiugan A. 
Published: March 2009

Background:The relationship between alcohol usage, depressive psychopathological board represent a reality in psychiatric practice. The neurobiochemical layers of the two psychic pathologies are inter-correlated.The dopaminergic deficice, especially on the compensation path, for regulating the GABA-ergic and GLUTAMATE-ergic pathways, the serotoninergic and noradrenergic dysfunctions being present in both disorders.The amygdalae's anatomical circuit with the compensation paths (ventral segment and accumbens nuclei) represents the neurobiological substratum of comorbidity.Objective and methods:A retrospective, observational, open study was carried out in the period 2005 - 2007 on a lot of 200 male patients aged between 19 and 65 years, admitted in the clinic with the diagnosis “addiction disorder”, established according to the DSM IV-R criteria.Results:An depressive board associated with addiction disorder was observed in 140 patients from the studied lot.Conclusions:The alcohol use is induced by an depressive pathology, as the patients use alcohol as an anxiolytic and sedative.The depressive disorder overlapped on the symptomatology induced by alcohol use is frequently characterized by psychomotor restlessness and suicidal ideation.The depressive pathology is developed from the beginning of the addiction disorder or at a very short time after establishing a diagnosis, especially in the young patients.
Association of ADH2 and ALDH2 Gene Polymorphisms with Alcohol Dependence: A Pilot Study from India
Authors: Prasad P. , Vaswani M. 
Published: March 2009

Background:Functional polymorphism in ADH2 and ALDH2 genes are considered most important among several genetic determinants of alcohol dependence (AD), a complex disorder.Aims:There is no report on the widely studied Arg47His and Glu487Lys polymorphisms from Indian alcohol dependent population. We, for the first time, report allelic and genotypic frequencies of Arg47His and Glu487Lys SNPs in North Indian alcohol dependent subjects.Methods:A total of n=174 alcohol dependent males, recruited using DSM IV criteria, were genotyped using PCR-RFLP method.Results:Data obtained from genetic analysis was correlated with clinical parameters using T test or Mann Whitney's U test. ADH2 gene polymorphism was found to be largely monomorphic with minor allele frequency (ADH2*2) < 0.001. For the ALDH2 Glu487Lys SNP, genotypic frequencies were 0.73 (2*1/*1), 0.16 (2*1/*2) and 0.11 (2*2/*2), with minor allele frequency (ALDH2*2) = 0.19. Various clinical parameters were found to be significantly associated with ALDH2 polymorphism.Conclusions:The highlight of the study is a clear association of ALDH2 gene polymorphism with delayed onset and shorter duration of alcohol consumption among ALDH2*2/*2 individuals. Our finding bolsters the protection conferring property of the ALDH2*2 allele of Glu487Lys SNP of ALDH2 gene.
Effect of in Vivo Treatment with Delta9-THC on Mice Adrenal Gland
Authors: Moura E. , Esteves-Pinto C. , Serrão M.P. , Azevedo I. , Vieira-Coelho M. 
Published: March 2009

Introduction:The efficacy of antidepressants has been linked in part to their ability to reduce activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis; however, the mechanism by which antidepressants regulate the HPA axis is largely unknown. Recent research has demonstrated that endocannabinoids can regulate the HPA axis and exhibit antidepressant potential.Aim:The purpose of this study was therefore to evaluate the effect of chronic administration of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta9-THC) on the adrenal gland of mice.Methods:Delta9-THC (10 mg/kg, 1 THC:1 chremophor:18 saline) or vehicle (CT, 1 chremophor:18 saline) was administered i.p. for 10 days to C57Bl6 mice aged 15 weeks. At the end of the study rats were placed in metabolic cages. Noradrenaline (NA) and adrenaline (AD) levels in samples and tissues were evaluated by HPLC-ED. Statistical analysis was done by ANOVA followed by Student's t test. Results are presented as mean±SEM.Results:Treatment with delta9-THC did not produce changes in mice weight (CT: 25±1; delta9-THC: 24±1 g, n=5-6) but produced a significant reduction in adrenal gland weight (CT: 1.4±0.2; delta9-THC: 0.6±0.1* mg, n=5-6, *P˂0.01). However, treatment with delta9-THC did not produce significant changes in NA and AD adrenal content (NA: 7.5±2.1, 5.3±0.6; AD: 14.1±1.1, 11.1±2.1 nmol, CT and delta9-THC respectively, n=5-6) or in NA and AD urine levels (NA: 0.88±0.06, 1.18±0.17; AD: 0.64±0.07, 0.81±0.09 nmol/24h, CT and delta9-THC respectively, n=5-6).Conclusion:Chronic treatment with delta9-THC reduces adrenal gland weight in mice. These results suggest that endocannabinoids may act directly at the adrenal gland to regulate the HPA axis.
Association Between Orexin Plasma Concentration and Psychopathology in Alcohol Dependent Patients During Acute Detoxification
Authors: von der Goltz C. , Grosshans M. , Koopmann A. , Fink T. , Wiedemann K. , Kiefer F. 
Published: March 2009

Aims:The orexins (hypocretins) are neuropeptides recently identified as neurotransmitters in lateral hypothalamus neurons. Although the majority of studies associated the function of orexin neurons with arousal and sleep, these neurons also project to reward-associated brain regions, including the nucleus accumbens and ventral tegmental area. This indicates a possible role for orexins in reward function and motivation and thus in addictive diseases. Additionally, there is growing evidence from preclinical studies for an involvement of orexins in the regulation of stress, affectivity and drug seeking behavior.Method:We investigated orexin plasma concentrations and psychological symptoms in a sample of 34 alcohol dependent subjects on day 1 and day 14 of detoxification. For this purpose we used the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) as well as the Obsessive-Compulsive Drinking Scale to identify self-reported clinically relevant psychological symptoms including alcohol craving.Results:As a main result a significant positive correlation between orexin plasma concentration and depression as well as global distress indicies of the BSI was detected during early withdrawal (day 1), which is not shown after detoxification on day 14. No association with subjective craving for alcohol was found.Conclusion:Our data indicate that orexins may be directly involved in affective dysregulation in alcohol dependent patients; moreover the effects of orexins on reinstatement of drug seeking behaviors might be mediated by impaired brain stress systems.
Cannabis and MDMA abuse Continues to Incline Among Adoelescents
Authors: Vucetic-Arsic S. , Alcaz S. , Stankovic M. , Daragan-Saveljic J. 
Published: March 2009

Objective:The substance cannabis and 3,4-methylendioxiymethamphetamine MDMA (Ecstasy) is a popular recreational stimulant commonly referred to as “club drugs”. They produce maladaptive behavioral or psychological changes. Last evidence from World Health Organization indicates increasing route for MDMA abuse in new generation.The aim of this study is to evaluate the specific groups of patients and to make the distinction between generations and model of substance abuse.Methods:The retrospective study includes patients treated in Special Hospital on Addictions in Belgrade diagnosed by any set of criteria during the period of last 15 years. Authors investigated early onset and frequency of MDMA and cannabis abuse patients regard to different age.Results:Total of 400 patients was separated to four different groups- main ages 40, 30, 20 and 18 years old.Significant positive correlation was found between youngest patients and there first contact (14, 5 year old) with club drugs. Frequency and duration period of addiction were 1,6 year. In a contrarily, in older group (40 and 30) we found later consummation of cannabis 19,2 and 23,5 year old for MDMA. Also we notice irregular pattern of club drugs abuse and short period of intensive consumption 2,7 month.Conclusion:Our data suggests that distribution of cannabis and ecstasy abuse between adolescents spreads. These results indicate that chronic and frequent drug use may lead to distinct patterns of cognitive impairment in youngest patients and may be getaway drugs for latter heroin abuse.
Evolution of Drug use After Enforcing a Protocol in a Medium Stay Unit. Results Four Years Later
Authors: Torreblanca M. , Zallo E. , Pinilla E. , Euba O. , Merino R. , Barreiro A. , Arroita A. , Sánchez N. 
Published: March 2009

Aims:Comorbidity between drug misuse and mental disorders affects negatively in the prognosis of psychistric illness, so it’s important to guarantee drug abstinence at least during hospitalization. This is even more significant in a medium stay unit because patients are more serious and resistant to treatment.In February 2003, a multidisciplinary group was formed to evaluate the situation of drug use in a psychiatric hospital and a drug screening protocol was then created.We evaluate if with the protocol, drug use decreases during hospitalization in a medium stay unit in a psychiatric hospital.Methods:We first compared drug use (positive results in urine samples) from 2000 to 2002 (before protocol: urine samples collected when there’s drug misuse suspicion) with the period after the protocol was enforced (from 2003 to 2006). Afterwards, we analyzed if drug use during hospitalization continues decreasing in 2007.In the protocol urine samples are collected when there’s a past misuse history, consumption suspicion, randomly and every time they leave for home.Results:It is proved that drug use decreases during hospitalization since the new protocol came into force. Drug use continues reducing since the enforcement of the drug screening protocol.Conclusion:The introduction and exhaustive completion of a protocol designed to decrease drug misuse in a psychiatric hospitalization unit, provokes a high reduction of drug use, and each year, the reduction of drug misuse is higher. So we think it’s convenient to generalize this kind of measures.
Does Serotonin Augmentation Have Any Effect on Cognition and Activities of Daily Living in Alzheimer’s Dementia?: A Double-blind Clinical Trial
Authors: Mowla A. 
Published: March 2009

Objective:Recent studies suggest that cholinergic dysfunction does not provide a complete account of age-related cognitive deficits and other neuronal systems like monoaminergic hypofunction are involved. In several studies selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors demonstrated promotion in neurogenesis in the hippocampus and enhanced memory and cognition. The aim of this study is to survey the effect of serotonin augmentation on cognition and activities of daily living in patients with Alzheimer's disease.Method:The trial was designed as a 12-week randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. One hundred and twenty two patients aged 55-85 years, suffering from mild to moderate alzheimer's dementia were randomly allocated in one of the three treatment group: fluoxetine plus rivastigmine, rivastigmine alone or placebo group. Efficacy measures comprised assessments of cognition, activities of daily living and global functioning. Hamilton Depression Scale also was used to assess changes in mood throughout study.Result:Fluoxetine plus rivastigmine and rivastigmine groups demonstrated improvement on measures of cognitive and memory without any significant difference; however, the former group did better in their activities of daily living and global functioning. Patients taking placebo had significant deterioration in all the efficacy measures. Patients taking rivastigmine or rivastigmine plus fluoxetine had improvements in Hamilton Depression Scale without significant differences.Conclusion:Concomitant use of selective serotonin enhancing agents and acetyl cholinesterase inhibitors can provide greater benefit in activities of daily living and global functioning in patients with cognitive impairment. Although our study is preliminary and larger double blind studies are needed to confirm the results.
Are Noradrenergic Antidepressants a Valuable Choice in the Treatment of Panic Disorder? A Review and Meta Analysis
Authors: Chiesa A. , Serretti A. , Calati R. , Perna G. , Bellodi L. , De Ronchi D. 
Published: March 2009

Objective:The aim of the present review and meta analysis is to evaluate the efficacy of new noradrenergic antidepressants (NAD) in the treatment of panic disorder (PD).Methods:A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE, ISI web of knowledge and references of selected articles. Data from fourteen papers focusing on venlafaxine, mirtazapine and reboxetine were entered in RevMan 4.2.10 Our primary outcome measures were the rate of response, remission and side effects of NAD compared to placebo. Further analysis included the end-point mean number of panic attacks, the Panic and Anticipatory Anxiety Scale and the Hamilton Scale for Anxiety’ values.Results:We found a significant higher rate of response (OR = 3.2, 95% CI=2.61 to 3.92), remission (OR = 2.14, 95% CI=1.72 to 2.66) and side effects (OR = 1.41, 95% CI=1.11 to 1.78) for NAD compared to placebo, even though the studies were very heterogeneous. Analysis performed on the three drugs individually showed higher rate of response for patients treated with venlafaxine and mirtazapine whereas no statistical difference was found between reboxetine and placebo. The number of panic attacks and the values of all scales measuring the intensity of panic disorder at the end of trial were significantly lower for patients treated with a NAD.Conclusion:Although the small sample size of some studies and limiting statistical assumptions could reduce the significativity of our findings, both venlafaxine and mirtazapine showed a significant efficacy for the treatment of PD which was comparable to selective serotonine reuptake inhibitors. Further studies on reboxetine are needed.
The use of Sertraline in Psychiatric Practice
Authors: Zivlak - Radulovic N. , Miskovic M. , Zoric D. , Maglov T. , Ilic D. 
Published: March 2009

Sertraline is an antidepressant of the third generation of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class. It is simple to use and has a wide application in treating various psychiatric disorders, but with much less pronounced side effects.The aim of this study is to establish the frequency and adverse effects in users of sertraline during clinical treatment.The method of work was a prospective study which comprised 30 participants who came for a medical examination for the first time and who had a valid indication for drug suitability. The patients were observed during the following two control check-ups. The findings thus gathered were statistically analysed and shown on the graphs.Conclusion:The examination has shown that the possible side effects of sertraline are rare and mainly of temporary nature, and confirm the effectiveness and safety of sertraline in routine clinical practice.
Mirtazapine Induced Tardive Akathisia: A Case Report
Authors: Ozyildirim I. , Kosecioglu S. 
Published: March 2009

Aims:Akathisia is a side effect generally associated with antipsychotic drugs. However, akathisia is also reported as a side effect of antidepressants, especially of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor group. Mirtazapine is an antidepressant that has a special role in relation with akathisia. There have been randomized controlled studies reporting that mirtazapine is effective in treatment of antipsychotic-induced akathisia. However, there have also been few cases in which acute akathisia are induced by mirtazapine. We would like to report a case of mirtazapine induced tardive akathisia.Case report:Mrs. A is a 43-year old woman who applied to psychiatrist four years ago for complaints such as depressive mood, anhedonia, reduced sleep and poor appetite. She was diagnosed as having a major depressive disorder and prescribed 15 mg mirtazapine at night. Mrs. A benefited from the treatment within 1-2 months, complied with medication but did not attend follow-up examinations. About a year later, she started to have severe restlessness, shaking and need to move about one hour after mirtazapine intake. Therefore, patient started use mirtazapine once every three days for the following three years. Akathisia starting after mirtazapine intake disappeared about 8-10 hours later and patient did not have akathisia during two days that she did not have mirtazapine intake.Conclusion:Mirtazapine might be effective both in treatment and precipitation of akathisia. These effects might be determined by multiple interactions among factors such as duration of mirtazapine treatment, presence of concomitant treatment, neurological basis of the disorder.
Treatment of Depressive Patients with Duloxetine in a Hospital Consulting Department
Authors: Calvin J.L. Rodriguez 
Published: March 2009

Objective:Depressive symptoms present quite frequently in in-patients in general hospitals with a variety of organic conditions. The main aim of treatment is to manage the symptoms and prevent them from recurring.The primary endpoint for this study was to assess the effectiveness of treatment with duloxetine in a group of in-patients with depressive symptoms in the general hospital.Methods:This was an observational study with duloxetine, in which a total of 40 patients were included who presented depressive symptoms while in-patients in a general hospital and who had the established inclusion criteria.The clinical effectiveness of the treatment was assessed with the Hamilton scale and the Clinical Global Impression scales for severity and change.Results:A total of 40 patients were treated with duloxetine, 6 of whom (15%) dropped out of the study. The average maintenance dose administered at the baseline visit was 60 mg/day and at discharge was 75 mg/day. At the end of follow-up, there was a reduction with respect to the baseline values of 13.6 points on the Hamilton scale and 2.4 points on the CGI of severity scale. 63.4% of the patients felt “much better” at the final visit, according to the CGI of change scale.Conclusions:According to the results, it seems that DULOXETINE may be a good treatment option for patients admitted to general hospital for different conditions of organic origin who present depressive symptoms while in hospital, both for its therapeutic effectiveness and for its good tolerability profile.
Impact of Anxiety on the Pain Intensity in Patients with Temporomandibular Joint Disorder During Splint Treatment
Authors: Badel T. , Keros J. , Lovko S. Kocijan , Kern J. , Marotti M. 
Published: March 2009

Objectives:Level of anxiety and pain intensity before and after splint treatment of patients with temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJD) was compared.Methods:TMJD in 60 patients (mean age 37.9 years, 80% women) was diagnosed using patient's history and clinical examination, and was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging of the TMJs. Pain intensity was rated on a visual-analogue scale. The anxiety was confirmed by Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI).Results:A higher level of anxiety was determined due to the fact that the mean score in STAI 1 was 39.80 and STAI 2 was 41.10. Before visiting a dentist, the patients suffered pain for 8.7 months on average. There is a statistically significant difference between patients depending on how long they previously suffered pain and anxiety values for all patients in STAI 1 and 2 (p< 0.0001). Including only patients with determined anxiety depending on age and gender there was no statistical difference in previous pain duration (p>0.05). There is a correlation between anxiety values on STAI 1 scale and post-treatment pain intensity (p< 0.026), and on STAI 2 scale pain intensity proved to be statistically significant before (p< 0.002) and after (p< 0.049) treatment. There was a statistically significant difference in scores of STAI 2 tests of patients with bruxism behaviour (p< 0.042).Conclusions:There is a possibility of negative interaction of psychological and psychosocial factors within all forms of musculoskeletal disorders’ treatment, including TMDs. This study confirmed the connection between anxiety and various categories of pain intensity in patients during splint treatment.
Depression, Anxiety, Self Contempt, Correlated with Demographic Factors in Semnan Cardiovascular Clinic Referrals
Authors: Beheshti A. , Irajian G. , Darabian M. , Moghadas A. Jazayeri , Irajian N. 
Published: March 2009

Introduction:Depression, anxiety and self contempt increase in recent years. A number of these patients, who have chest pain, come or refer to cardiovascular clinic without any cardiovascular or other organic disease. Such patients will be deviated from correct therapeutic way. It seems that demographic factors can affect on psychological disorder of these patients and the cause of their refer to cardiovascular clinic.The aim of this study was to determine the correlation of depression, anxiety and self contempt with demographic factors in cardiovascular clinic referrals in Semnan, IRAN.Materials and methods:In this analytical-descriptive study, data were collected in questionnaire from 400 patients who referred to cardiovascular clinic with chest pain and do not have any cardiovascular or other organic disease and analyzed by t-test, chi-square and men-vitni tests.Results:Of the 400 patients, 55.8% of women, 57.1% of divorced and 60% persons with less than one million RLS income showed light depression. Also, 73% of persons with less than one million RLS income, showed light anxiety, 36.1% of women showed light self contempt and 30.8% of divorced showed moderate self contempt.Discussion:In this study, depression was correlated with sex, divorce and low income, anxiety was correlated only with low income, self contempt was correlated with sex and divorce. Results of this study showed similarity with some studies and differ from other studies. It seems that this difference arises from patient's cultural diversity.