bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Redesigning OR Orientation
Authors: Wilson Gail 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe nursing shortage triggered by retiring nurses is expected to affect all areas of nursing but particularly specialized nursing areas, such as perioperative units. In addition, the perioperative environment is a difficult place for novice nurses to fit in. Many factors contribute to making the OR environment stressful, and novice nurses often feel the effects of not being readily accepted into the social culture of the OR. Leaders in the OR department of a busy trauma center with a large number vacancies, an inability to recruit experienced perioperative nurses, and difficulty retaining new nurses redesigned the orientation process with the intent of recruiting high quality RNs, improving the nurse retention rate after orientation, and making the perioperative area a positive learning environment. The new process is a consistent, structured program that includes AORN's Periop 101: A Core Curriculum, dedicated preceptors, daily feedback and goals for orientees, regular meetings for new staff members, and increased inclusion of existing staff members.
Using YouTube in Perioperative Nursing Education
Authors: Logan Rebecca 
Published: March 2012

AbstractEducators today need innovative teaching strategies to meet the learning needs of the multigenerational population of perioperative nurses. Emerging technologies, such as YouTube, the world's largest video‐sharing web site, can be used as a component of an active learning strategy that can appeal to a broad group of nurses along the novice‐to‐expert proficiency continuum. Using video clips can be a useful method to engage learners and promote critical thinking, decision making, and creativity. YouTube videos can be used to teach skills or as a platform for discussion. Learners also can create and upload their own videos to educate others. Increased engagement and active learning can lead the perioperative nurse to a deeper understanding of the educational material.
Effects of parity and mode of delivery on urinary incontinence among postmenopausal women in Taiwan
Authors: Hsieh Ching‐Hung , Chang Wei‐Chun , Su Tsung‐Hsien , Lin Tzu‐Yin , Lee Meng‐Chin , Chang Shao‐Tung 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the association between the prevalence of urinary incontinence and parity or mode of delivery among Taiwanese women aged 60 years or older.MethodsBetween July 1999 and December 2000, a nationwide epidemiologic study was conducted in Taiwan among 2410 women selected by a multistage random sampling method. Face‐to‐face interviews with 1517 women were conducted. The relationship between the prevalence of urinary incontinence and the number of vaginal deliveries or number of cesarean deliveries was assessed by frequency and Pearson χ2 test using a significance level of less than 0.05. Logistic regression was used to investigate the significance of dichotomous dependent variables.ResultsDecades ago, most Taiwanese women (1435 of 1511 respondents, 94.97%,) gave birth via vaginal delivery and the rate of cesarean delivery was low (20 of 1513 respondents, 1.32%). Parity (odds ratio [OR], 2.42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.87–6.71; P = 0.091), vaginal delivery (OR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.39–1.47; P = 0.408), and cesarean delivery (OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 0.59–3.70; P = 0.409) did not increase the risk of urinary incontinence.ConclusionThere was no association between urinary incontinence and parity or mode of delivery among Taiwanese postmenopausal women decades after their first delivery.
Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) expression in rat dental pulp
Authors: Mitrirattanakula Somsak , Poomsawat Sopee , Fuangtharnthip Pornpoj 
Published: March 2012

AbstractPurpose of the research: Accumulating evidence supports the role of the cannabinoid system in providing an antinociceptive effect in various painful conditions. This effect is mediated through the Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) expressed on nociceptive afferent nerve terminals. To investigate whether this receptor plays a similar role in dental pain, we studied the presence and distribution of CB1R in rat dental pulp. Pulps from 28 maxillary molars were immunohistochemically stained with an antibody against CB1R.Principal results: Of all tooth specimens, CB1R immunoreactivity (CB1R‐ir) was observed to be associated with nerve fibers in radicular pulp and was seen as a continuous network in the subodontoblastic layer.Major conclusion: CB1R was present on nerve fibers in rat dental pulp and possibly plays a role in dental pain mechanisms.
Reversal of severe methotrexate-induced intestinal damage using enteral n-3 fatty acids
Authors: Koppelmann Tal , Pollak Yulia , Mogilner Jorge , Bejar Jacob , Coran Arnold G. , Sukhotnik Igor 
Published: March 2012

Growing evidence suggests that n-3 PUFA and their specific lipid mediators can reduce the activity of inflammatory processes. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of oral n-3 PUFA supplementation on intestinal structural changes, enterocyte proliferation and apoptosis during methotrexate (MTX)-induced intestinal damage in the rat. A total of thirty-two male rats were divided into four experimental groups: control (CONTR) rats; CONTR-n-3 PUFA rats treated with oral administration of n-3 PUFA at a dose of 300 μg/kg once per d 72 h before and 72 h following vehicle injection; MTX rats treated with a single dose of MTX; MTX-n-3 PUFA rats treated with oral n-3 PUFA following the injection of MTX. Intestinal mucosal damage, mucosal structural changes, enterocyte proliferation and enterocyte apoptosis determined 72 h following MTX injection. Real-time PCR was used to determine B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2)-associated X protein (Bax) and Bcl2 mRNA expression. Western blotting was used to determine phosphorylated extracellular signal-related kinase, β-catenin, Bax and Bcl2 protein levels. MTX-n-3 PUFA rats demonstrated a greater jejunal and ileal bowel weight, greater ileal mucosal weight, greater ileal mucosal DNA and protein levels, greater villus height in the jejunum and ileum and crypt depth in the ileum, compared with MTX animals. A significant decrease in enterocyte apoptosis in the ileum of MTX-n-3 PUFA rats (v. MTX) was accompanied by decreased Bax mRNA and protein expression and increased Bcl2 mRNA levels. Thus, the treatment with oral n-3 PUFA prevented mucosal injury and improved intestinal recovery following MTX-injury in rats.
The effect of raw vegetable and fruit intake on thyroid cancer risk among women: a case–control study in South Korea
Authors: Jung Su Kyoung , Kim Kirang , Tae Kyung , Kong Gu , Kim Mi Kyung 
Published: March 2012

Thyroid cancer is the most common cancer among Korean women. However, there are few data on dietary factors related to thyroid cancer risk. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the association between raw vegetables and fruits intake and thyroid cancer in a case–control study. We included 111 histologically confirmed malignant thyroid cancer cases and 115 benign cases. Controls who did not have nodules in thyroid ultrasonography were matched to cases by age ( ± 2 years). Food and nutrient intakes were estimated using a quantitative FFQ with 121 items. Conditional logistic regression analysis was used to obtain OR and corresponding 95 % CI. The intake of total vegetables was not associated with malignant thyroid cancer, but inversely associated with benign cases. High raw vegetable intake was inversely associated with thyroid cancer risk both in malignant and benign cases (Pfor trend = 0·01 in both malignant and benign cases). Among fruits, persimmon intake had an inverse association with thyroid cancer risk in both malignant and benign cases (Pfor trend = 0·06 in malignant cases;Pfor trend = 0·01 in benign cases) and tangerine intake had an inverse association in malignant cases (Pfor trend = 0·03). The frequency of consumption of raw vegetables and persimmon also had a consistent inverse association in both malignant and benign cases. These results suggest that high consumption of raw vegetables, persimmons and tangerines may decrease thyroid cancer risk and help prevent early-stage thyroid cancer.
A View from Afar: How Colombia Sees China
Authors: Armony Ariel C. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe fast-paced landing of China in Latin America raises the question of how such a complex relationship is being built from little previous contact. Focusing on Colombia's printed media, the article examines the construction of China's public image. A Janus-faced view of China is initially revealed: a growing power perceived as an auspicious trade partner on the one hand; a troubling new actor in the international context on the other. Further analysis shows shades of grey that reveal a multifaceted, continuously evolving image of China that tells us much about both countries. The depiction of China's rising power, whose direction and purpose suggest a paradigm of “modernity without enlightment,” brings light to Colombia's unsettled accounts with democracy and development. The article sets a launching pad for further research on such mutually constitutive relationships.
The “Socialist Other”: Cuba in Chinese Ideological Debates since the 1990s
Authors: Cheng Yinghong 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis article offers an analytical introduction to some important Cuba-related discussions in China in the last two-and-a-half decades. No Latin American nation has been treated like Castros' (Fidel and Raul) Cuba in China's ideological development. Cuba's revolutionary experience in the past and the regime's defiance of major global trends – from retreat of socialism to advancement of neo-liberalism – correspond to a wide range of opinions in China and are exploited by them to address their own concerns. To borrow Orientalist analysis, just like the “Other” helps define “Self,” as a “socialist Other,” Cuba in Chinese perception often reflects China's own confusions and contradictions.
Usual folic acid intakes: a modelling exercise assessing changes in the amount of folic acid in foods and supplements, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2003–2008
Authors: Tinker Sarah C , Cogswell Mary E , Hamner Heather C , Berry Robert J 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectiveThe USA currently fortifies enriched cereal grain products (ECGP) with folic acid at 140 μg/100 g. In addition, folic acid can be voluntarily added to ready-to-eat cereals (RTEC) up to 400 μg/serving and it is found in many dietary supplements, most often at a dose of 400 μg. We sought to model folic acid intake under various fortification and supplementation scenarios.DesignThe National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey is a population-based cross-sectional survey representative of the non-institutionalized, civilian US population. Information on folic acid intake is collected in two 24 h dietary recalls and survey questions on dietary supplement use, which allows estimation of usual total folic acid intake. We modelled five different levels of folic acid fortification in ECGP, while varying the amounts in RTEC and dietary supplements.SettingUnited States.SubjectsUS adults (n 14 353) aged ≥19 years; non-pregnant women of childbearing age (n 4272).ResultsThe percentage of adults with usual daily folic acid intake above the tolerable upper intake level of 1000 μg was influenced more by the typical amount in supplements, while the median intake was influenced more by the ECGP fortification level. By manipulating the amount in at least two sources, it was possible to shift the distribution such that more women of childbearing age consumed the recommended intake of 400 μg of folic acid without increasing the percentage of adults with intake above the tolerable upper intake level. The results varied among population subgroups.ConclusionsOur results suggest that combined strategies are required to meet population recommendations for folic acid intake.
Numerical study on the impact of the 18.6‐year period nodal tidal cycle on water masses in the subarctic North Pacific
Authors: Osafune S. , Yasuda I. 
Published: March 2012

A series of numerical experiments is performed to test the hypothesis that temporal variations in localized strong tidal mixing related to the 18.6‐year period nodal tidal cycle induce water mass variations. It is suggested that enhanced mixing around the Bering Sea, as that around the Okhotsk Sea, have an impact on water masses broadly in the North Pacific including the Bering Sea and the Okhotsk Sea. Oscillatory tidal mixing with a 18.6‐year period reproduces water mass variations in salinity and isopycnal potential temperature around the subarctic North Pacific that are qualitatively consistent with observed variations. When the amplitude of oscillatory vertical diffusivity is 15% of the long‐term mean (and even when the amplitude is as small as 3 cm2/s, as obtained for a long‐term mean of 20 cm2/s), the amplitude of the salinity variation near regions of strong mixing is smaller than but on the same order of magnitude as that observed. The induced salinity anomaly spreads broadly, over a distance of several hundreds of kilometers, by mean currents with a short lag time of less than 3 years, and is suggested to influence the model winter mixed layer over broad regions. These results support the hypothesis stated above and suggest that it is necessary to clarify spatial and temporal variations in tidal mixing to reproduce both the mean states of and temporal variations in water masses of the subarctic North Pacific.
Global CO2 distributions over land from the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT)
Authors: Hammerling Dorit M. , Michalak Anna M. , O'Dell Christopher , Kawa S. Randolph 
Published: March 2012

January 2009 saw the successful launch of the first space‐based mission specifically designed for measuring greenhouse gases, the Japanese Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT). We present global land maps (Level 3 data) of column‐averaged CO2 concentrations (XCO2) derived using observations from the GOSAT ACOS retrieval algorithm, for July through December 2009. The applied geostatistical mapping approach makes it possible to generate maps at high spatial and temporal resolutions that include uncertainty measures and that are derived directly from the Level 2 observations, without invoking an atmospheric transport model or estimates of CO2uptake and emissions. As such, they are particularly well suited for comparison studies. Results show that the Level 3 maps for July to December 2009 on a 1° × 1.25° grid, at six‐day resolution capture much of the synoptic scale and regional variability of XCO2, in addition to its overall seasonality. The uncertainty estimates, which reflect local data coverage, XCO2variability, and retrieval errors, indicate that the Southern latitudes are relatively well‐constrained, while the Sahara Desert and the high Northern latitudes are weakly‐constrained. A probabilistic comparison to the PCTM/GEOS‐5/CASA‐GFED model reveals that the most statistically significant discrepancies occur in South America in July and August, and central Asia in September to December. While still preliminary, these results illustrate the usefulness of a high spatiotemporal resolution, data‐driven Level 3 data product for direct interpretation and comparison of satellite observations of highly dynamic parameters such as atmospheric CO2.
A 1‐year longδ18O record of water vapor in Niamey (Niger) reveals insightful atmospheric processes at different timescales
Authors: Tremoy Guillaume , Vimeux Françoise , Mayaki Salla , Souley Ide , Cattani Olivier , Risi Camille , Favreau Guillaume , Oi Monique 
Published: March 2012

We present a 1‐year long representativeδ18O record of water vapor (δ18Ov) in Niamey (Niger) using the Wavelength Scanned‐Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy (WS‐CRDS). We explore how local and regional atmospheric processes influenceδ18Ov variability from seasonal to diurnal scale. At seasonal scale, δ18Ovexhibits a W‐shape, associated with the increase of regional convective activity during the monsoon and the intensification of large scale subsidence North of Niamey during the dry season. During the monsoon season,δ18Ovrecords a broad range of intra‐seasonal modes in the 25–40‐day and 15–25‐day bands that could be related to the well‐known modes of the West African Monsoon (WAM). Strongδ18Ovmodulations are also seen at the synoptic scale (5–9 days) during winter, driven by tropical‐extra‐tropical teleconnections through the propagation of a baroclinic wave train‐like structure and intrusion of air originating from higher altitude and latitude.δ18Ovalso reveals a significant diurnal cycle, which reflects mixing process between the boundary layer and the free atmosphere during the dry season, and records the propagation of density currents associated with meso‐scale convective systems during the monsoon season.
Along‐dip seismic radiation segmentation during the 2007 Mw 8.0 Pisco, Peru earthquake
Authors: Sufri Oner , Koper Keith D. , Lay Thorne 
Published: March 2012

The short‐period (0.5–2 s) seismic radiation properties of the August 15 (23:40:57 UTC) 2007 Mw8.0 Pisco, Peru earthquake are imaged by back‐projecting P waves recorded at 374 elements of USArray deployed in western North America at distances of 54°–74° from the source region. The coherent short‐period seismic energy release has two main intervals similar to moment‐rate functions determined by inversion of longer‐period teleseismic body waves; however, the spatial locations of the coherent bursts of short‐period energy release are located north and down‐dip of the region of major slip. The contrast between short‐ and long‐period seismic radiation properties of the Pisco earthquake is more subtle than for the 2011 Mw9.0 Tohoku earthquake, but provides further support for the idea of depth‐dependent changes in sliding behavior during megathrust ruptures.
Small repeating earthquake activity, interplate quasi‐static slip, and interplate coupling in the Hyuga‐nada, southwestern Japan subduction zone
Authors: Yamashita Yusuke , Shimizu Hiroshi , Goto Kazuhiko 
Published: March 2012

Small repeating earthquake (RE) analysis is a useful method for estimating interplate quasi‐static slip, which is a good indicator of interplate coupling. We detected 170 continual‐type interplate RE groups and then estimated the spatial variation in quasi‐static slip in the Hyuga‐nada over the past 17 years. The RE activity in this region has different characteristics compared with that in the northeast Japan subduction zone, presumably reflecting differences in the subduction properties. Our results revealed that interplate coupling spatially changes along the trench‐axis and dip‐direction—a phenomenon that cannot be resolved by land‐based Global Positioning System (GPS) analysis. By comparing seismicity, the low‐slip‐rate areas correspond with the location of hypocenters and asperities for large‐ and moderate‐sized interplate earthquakes, suggesting strong interplate coupling at these sites. These results indicate that the slip rate distribution estimated from RE activity is reliable and useful for assessing the potential of future large earthquakes.
Cocaine self-administration in the mouse: A low-cost, chronic catheter preparation
Authors: Pomrenze Matthew , Baratta Michael , Cadle Brian , Cooper Donald 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIntravenous drug self-administration is the most valid animal model of human addiction because it allows volitional titration of the drug in the blood based on an individual’s motivational state together with the pharmacokinetic properties of the drug. Here we describe a reliable low-cost mouse self-administration catheter assembly and protocol that that can be used to assess a variety of drugs of abuse with a variety of protocols. We describe a method for intravenous catheter fabrication that allows for efficient and long-lasting intravenous drug delivery. The intravenous catheters remained intact and patent for several weeks allowing us to establish stable maintenance of cocaine acquisition. This was followed by a dose response study in the same mice. For collaborators interested in premade catheters for research please make a request at www.neuro-cloud.net/nature-precedings/pomerenze.
The Effect of Formulation and Process Variables on Droplet Size Reduction using a High-throughput Processing Platform
Authors: Riding Vicky , Harvey Daniel , Martin Peter J. , Kowalski Adam J. 
Published: March 2012

The performance, shelf-life & consumer appeal of formulated chemical products is partly a consequence of the formulation and partly due to the internal micro structure created during manufacture. Increasing competition, shorter product life-cycle times as well as opportunities for new & sustainable technologies demand an increased innovation rate and greater time, energy & materials efficiencies to create products that address the unmet needs of consumers whilst controlling cost & environmental impact.
In this area of science where Chemistry meets Chemical Engineering; a novel, laboratory-scale, commercial, high throughput processing platform the Chemspeed Formax, was used to investigate the effect of formulation and process variables on droplet size reduction.
A design of experiment (DOE) method utilised: a range of silicone oils, water & surfactant (SLES) of various proportions, a range of stirring speeds & durations and two different stirrer geometries (rotor stator & saw-tooth impeller). The relationship between droplet size and power input for each were compared.
This assessment of the potential for emulsion creation is useful for formulators involved in product development and improved stability preparations. Comparison of results from this small scale mixing equipment with larger mixers is useful for manufacturers with respect to product scale-up.
Oestrogen causes ATBF1 protein degradation through the oestrogen-responsive E3 ubiquitin ligase EFP
Authors: Dong Xue-Yuan , Fu Xiaoying , Fan Songqing , Guo Peng , Su Dan , Dong Jin-Tang 
Published: March 2012

We reported previously that the tumour suppressor ATBF1 (AT motif-binding factor 1) formed an autoregulatory feedback loop with oestrogen–ERα (oestrogen receptor α) signalling to regulate oestrogen-dependent cell proliferation in breast cancer cells. In this loop ATBF1 inhibits the function of oestrogen–ERα signalling, whereas ATBF1 protein levels are fine-tuned by oestrogen-induced transcriptional up-regulation as well as UPP (ubiquitin–proteasome pathway)-mediated protein degradation. In the present study we show that EFP (oestrogen-responsive finger protein) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase mediating oestrogen-induced ATBF1 protein degradation. Knockdown of EFP increases ATBF1 protein levels, whereas overexpression of EFP decreases ATBF1 protein levels. EFP interacts with and ubiquitinates ATBF1 protein. Furthermore, we show that EFP is an important factor in oestrogen-induced ATBF1 protein degradation in which some other factors are also involved. In human primary breast tumours the levels of ATBF1 protein are positively correlated with the levels of EFP protein, as both are directly up-regulated ERα target gene products. However, the ratio of ATBF1 protein to EFP protein is negatively correlated with EFP protein levels. Functionally, ATBF1 antagonizes EFP-mediated cell proliferation. These findings not only establish EFP as the E3 ubiquitin ligase for oestrogen-induced ATBF1 protein degradation, but further support the autoregulatory feedback loop between ATBF1 and oestrogen–ERα signalling and thus implicate ATBF1 in oestrogen-dependent breast development and carcinogenesis.