bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stressors and coping mechanisms in live‐related renal transplantation
Authors: Gill Paul 
Published: May 2012

Aim. To explore donor and recipient experiences of stressors and coping mechanisms associated with live‐related renal transplantation.Background. Live‐related renal transplantation is an effective and efficient treatment for end‐stage kidney disease, but is also associated with a variety of stressors.Design. Longitudinal, phenomenological study.Methods. Eleven live kidney donors and their recipients (n = 22) were recruited from a regional renal transplant centre in South‐West England. Data were collected through three recorded, semi‐structured interviews, conducted pretransplant and at three and 10 months post‐transplant. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, analysed using a process of thematic analysis and validated through a constructive process of inter‐rater reliability.Results. End‐stage kidney disease, dialysis and live transplantation produced a variety of stressors for donors and recipients. Common stressors included the live transplantation decision‐making process, the prospect of surgery and postoperative recovery, follow‐up care for donors and, in particular, concern for each other, especially amongst recipients. The main stressor, however, was fear of transplant failure. Participants used a variety of problem‐ and emotion‐focused coping mechanisms to deal with these stressors and donors and recipients actively supported each other through the transplantation process.Conclusion. Renal transplantation remains the treatment of choice for most patients with end‐stage kidney disease but is a source of considerable stress for donors and especially recipients and subsequently requires a range of coping mechanisms, including social support.Relevance to clinical practice. Patients need to be adequately informed of the risks associated with transplantation and provided with appropriate emotional care and support throughout the transplantation process. Health professionals also need to be mindful of assessing the needs and managing realistic expectations of patients and their families.
The book, the stories, the people: an ongoing dialogic narrative inquiry study combining a practice development project. Part 1: the research context
Authors: GRANT A. , BILEY F. C. , LEIGH‐PHIPPARD H. , WALKER H. 
Published: May 2012

Accessible summary
The idea for this research and practice development project emerged from the production of a recently published book of recovery narratives, written by a community of people broadly working in the mental health recovery movement.
The research component of this project, described in this paper, sits within: narrative inquiry as a moral endeavour in the human sciences; the pedagogy of suffering in the sociology of health and illness; and mental health narrative recovery.
Two inter‐related data sources will be used in the research. The first is chapters contributed by authors to the book. The second is interview data from those authors.
Integrative textual and interview transcript analysis will extend to the end of 2012.
The research component of this project represents a commitment to a mental health nursing practice allied to recovery as narrative healing as opposed to forms of psychiatric nursing which endorse and tacitly support abuses committed in the name of institutional psychiatry.
AbstractThis paper, part one of a two paper report, describes key aspects of the research context of an ongoing practice development project, conducted on two UK sites. The paper begins with a discussion of the project's origins within a community of people working in the recovery paradigm, including the contributory strand of the first author's recovery and survivor writing. The discussion then turns to three inter‐related areas within which the research component sits and which provide it with philosophical, theoretical and conceptual coherence. Each area will be unpacked and its significance explained. This will provide a platform for discussing the focus, methodology and methods of the research, and related assumptions governing both data collection and analysis. The paper concludes with a research commitment to a mental health nursing practice allied to recovery as narrative healing. Links are made to the second paper which describes the context and specifics of a Writing for Recovery project for users, survivors and carers. This shares with, and builds on, the overall project's research context and its assumptions.
Role in metal homeostasis of CtpD, a Co2+transporting P1B4‐ATPase ofMycobacterium smegmatis
Authors: Raimunda Daniel , Long Jarukit E. , Sassetti Christopher M. , Argüello José M. 
Published: May 2012

SummaryGenetic studies in the tuberculosis mouse model have suggested that mycobacterial metal efflux systems, such as the P1B4‐ATPase CtpD, are important for pathogenesis. The specificity for substrate metals largely determines the function of these ATPases; however, various substrates have been reported for bacterial and plant P1B4‐ATPases leaving their function uncertain. Here we describe the functional role of the CtpD protein ofMycobacterium smegmatis. AnM. smegmatismutant strain lacking thectpDgene was hypersensitive to Co2+and Ni2+and accumulated these metals in the cytoplasm.ctpDtranscription was induced by both Co2+and superoxide stress. Biochemical characterization of heterologously expressed, affinity‐purified CtpD showed that this ATPase is activated by Co2+, Ni2+and to a lesser extend Zn2+(20% of maximum activity). The protein was also able to bind one Co2+, Ni2+or Zn2+to its transmembrane transport site. These observations indicate that CtpD is important for Co2+and Ni2+homeostasis inM. smegmatis, and thatM. tuberculosisCtpD orthologue could be involved in metal detoxification and resisting cellular oxidative stress by modulating the intracellular concentration of these metals.
An extensive photometric study of the Blazhko RR Lyrae star RZ Lyr*
Authors: Jurcsik J. , Sódor Á. , Hajdu G. , Szeidl B. , Dózsa Á. , Posztobányi K. , Smitola P. , Belucz B. , Fehér V. , Kővári Zs. , Kriskovics L. , Kun E. , Molnár L. , Nagy I. , Vida K. , Görög N. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
The analysis of recent, extended multicolour CCD and archive photoelectric, photographic and visual observations has revealed several important properties of RZ Lyr, an RRab-type variable exhibiting large-amplitude Blazhko modulation. On the time base of ∼110 yr, a strict anticorrelation between the pulsation- and modulation-period changes is established. The light curve of RZ Lyr shows a remarkable bump on the descending branch in the small-amplitude phase of the modulation, similarly to the light curves of bump Cepheids. We speculate that the stellar structure temporally suits a 4:1 resonance between the periods of the fundamental and one of the higher order radial modes in this modulation phase. The light-curve variation of RZ Lyr can be correctly fitted with a two-modulation-component solution; the 121-d period of the main modulation is nearly but not exactly four times longer than the period of the secondary modulation component. Using the inverse photometric method, the variations in the pulsation-averaged values of the physical parameters in different phases of both modulation components are determined.
Plant ERD2‐like proteins function as endoplasmic reticulum luminal protein receptors and participate in programmed cell death during innate immunity
Authors: Xu Guoyong , Li Sizhun , Xie Ke , Zhang Qiang , Wang Yan , Tang Yang , Liu Dong , Hong Yiguo , He Chenyang , Liu Yule 
Published: May 2012

SummaryThe hypersensitive response (HR), a form of programmed cell death (PCD), is a tightly regulated innate immune response in plants that is hypothesized to restrict pathogen growth and disease development. Although considerable efforts have been made to understand HR PCD, it remains unknown whether the retrograde pathway from the Golgi to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is involved. Here we provide direct genetic evidence that two Nicotiana benthamiana homologs, ERD2a and ERD2b, function as ER luminal protein receptors and participate in HR PCD. Virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) of ERD2a and/or ERD2b caused escape of ER‐resident proteins from the ER, and resulted in plants that were more sensitive to ER stress. Silencing of ERD2b delayed HR PCD induced by the non‐host pathogens Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. However, both silencing of ERD2a and co‐silencing of ERD2a and ERD2b exacerbated HR PCD. Individual and combined suppression of ERD2a and ERD2b exaggerated R gene‐mediated cell death. Nevertheless, silencing of ERD2a and/or ERD2b had no detectable effects on bacterial growth. Furthermore, VIGS of several putative ligands of ERD2a/2b, including the ER quality control (ERQC) component genes BiP, CRT3 and UGGT, had different effects on HR PCD induced by different pathogens. This indicates that immunity‐related cell death pathways are separate with respect to the genetic requirements for these ERQC components. These results suggest that ERD2a and ERD2b function as ER luminal protein receptors to ensure ERQC and alleviate ER stress, thus affecting HR PCD during the plant innate immune response.
Geographic Variation in Note Composition and Use ofchick‐a‐deeCalls of Carolina Chickadees (Poecile carolinensis)
Authors: Freeberg Todd M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine whether geographic variation exists in the composition of note types in thechick‐a‐deecall of Carolina chickadees. This determination is of interest for two reasons: earlier studies with a related species suggested minimal geographic variation in note composition, and geographic variation in social signals may represent important developmental or selection processes shaping signal use. Carolina chickadees were recorded in a naturalistic observation study in west‐central Indiana.Chick‐a‐deecalls were analyzed and compared to calls from an eastern Tennessee population that had been described in a previously published study (Auk, 125, 2008, 896). Despite much similarity in the basic rules by which notes are organized to compose calls, there were several significant differences in how calls of the two populations were structured. Furthermore, birds from Indiana used theirchick‐a‐deecalls in certain contexts in different ways compared to birds from Tennessee. These findings suggest interesting population‐level variation in this call system, and future research should be able to determine whether these differences are driven by evolutionary, ecological, or developmental factors, or some combination of these factors.
The effect of Phlebiopsis gigantea and urea stump treatment against spore infection of Heterobasidion spp. on hybrid larch (Larix × eurolepis) in southern Sweden
Authors: Wang L.Y , Pålsson H. , Ek E. , Rönnberg J. 
Published: May 2012

SummaryThe efficacy of stump treatment with 40% urea solution and spore suspension of Phlebiopsis gigantea against primary infection by Heterobasidion spp. on hybrid larch (Larix × eurolepis) was tested in two field studies in southern Sweden. In the first study, stumps treated with urea or P. gigantea were sampled by cutting a cross‐section disc after 3 months following exposure to natural conditions, and in the second study, stumps treated with only P. gigantea were sampled after 2 months. Spore traps made from hybrid larch, Norway spruce (Picea abies) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) were used to estimate the abundance of ambient spores of Heterobasidion spp. in the second study. Urea significantly reduced infection frequency of Heterobasidion spp. compared to the control. Phlebiopsis gigantea was less effective at reducing infection frequency in the first study than in the second study. Infections were caused by both H. parviporum and H. annosum sensu stricto. The amount of H. annosum infection in proportion to Heterobasidion spp. was significantly lower on the stumps treated with P. gigantea compared to the control; however, the proportion of H. parviporum on the treated stumps was not higher than the control in the first study. Spore traps made of Scots pine had a significantly higher frequency of infection than Norway spruce and hybrid larch. Only the spore traps made of hybrid larch showed significant correlation with the control stumps in terms of relative infected area. Conclusively, it seems prudent to protect hybrid larch stumps from primary infection by Heterobasidion spp., and both urea and P. gigantea can be recommended as stump treatment agents on hybrid larch, even if urea seemed to present more stable results.
Variability in step training enhances locomotor recovery after a spinal cord injury
Authors: Shah Prithvi K. , Gerasimenko Yury , Shyu Andrew , Lavrov Igor , Zhong Hui , Roy Roland R. , Edgerton Victor R. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPerformance of a motor task is improved by practicing a specific task with added ‘challenges’ to a training regimen. We tested the hypothesis that, in the absence of brain control, the performance of a motor task is enhanced by training using specific variations of that task. We utilized modifications of step performance training to improve the ability of spinal rats to forward step. After a complete thoracic spinal cord transection, 20 adult rats were divided randomly to bipedally step on a treadmill in the forward, sideward, or backward direction for 28 sessions (20 min, 5 days/week) and subsequently tested for their ability to step in the forward direction. Although the animals from all trained groups showed improvement, the rats in the sideward‐trained and backward‐trained groups had greater step consistency and coordination along with higher peak amplitudes and total integrated activity of the rectified electromyographic signals from selected hindlimb muscles per step during forward stepping than the rats in the forward‐trained group. Our results demonstrate that, by retaining the fundamental features of a motor task (bipedal stepping), the ability to perform that motor task can be enhanced by the addition of specific contextual variations to the task (direction of stepping). Our data suggest that the forward stepping neuronal locomotor networks are partially complemented by synchronous activation of interneuronal/motoneuronal populations that are also a part of the sideward or backward stepping locomotor networks. Accordingly, the overlap and interaction of neuronal elements may play a critical role in positive task transference.
Breaking camouflage: responses of neurons in the middle temporal area to stimuli defined by coherent motion
Authors: Lui Leo L. , Dobiecki Anouska E. , Bourne James A. , Rosa Marcello G. P. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractCamouflaged animals remain inconspicuous only insofar as they remain static. This demonstrates that motion is a powerful cue for figure–ground segregation, allowing detection of moving objects even when their luminance and texture characteristics are matched to the background. We investigated the neural processes underlying this phenomenon by testing the responses of neurons in the middle temporal area (MT) to ‘camouflaged’ bars, which were rendered visible by motion. These responses were compared with those elicited by ‘solid’ bars, which also differed from background in terms of their mean luminance. Most MT neurons responded strongly to camouflaged bars, and signaled their direction of motion with precision, with direction‐tuning curves being only slightly wider than those measured with solid bars. However, the tuning of most MT cells to stimulus length and speed depended on the type of stimulus – in comparison with solid bars, responses to camouflaged bars typically showed more extensive length summation, weak end‐inhibition, and stronger attenuation at high speeds. Moreover, the emergence of direction selectivity was delayed in trials involving camouflaged bars, relative to solid bars. Comparison with results obtained in the first (V1) and second (V2) visual areas, using similar stimuli, indicates that neural computations performed in MT result in significantly stronger and more accurate signals about camouflaged objects, particularly in situations in which these are relatively large and slow moving. These computations are likely to represent an important step in enabling cue‐invariant perception of moving objects, particularly in biologically relevant situations.
The response of marine picoplankton to ocean acidification
Authors: Newbold Lindsay K. , Oliver Anna E. , Booth Tim , Tiwari Bela , DeSantis Todd , Maguire Michael , Andersen Gary , van der Gast Christopher J. , Whiteley Andrew S. 
Published: May 2012

SummarySince industrialization global CO2 emissions have increased, and as a consequence oceanic pH is predicted to drop by 0.3–0.4 units before the end of the century – a process coined ‘ocean acidification’. Consequently, there is significant interest in how pH changes will affect the ocean's biota and integral processes. We investigated marine picoplankton (0.2–2 µm diameter) community response to predicted end of century CO2 concentrations, via a ‘high‐CO2’ (∼ 750 ppm) large‐volume (11 000 l) contained seawater mesocosm approach. We found little evidence of changes occurring in bacterial abundance or community composition due to elevated CO2 under both phytoplankton pre‐bloom/bloom and post‐bloom conditions. In contrast, significant differences were observed between treatments for a number of key picoeukaryote community members. These data suggested a key outcome of ocean acidification is a more rapid exploitation of elevated CO2 levels by photosynthetic picoeukaryotes. Thus, our study indicates the need for a more thorough understanding of picoeukaryote‐mediated carbon flow within ocean acidification experiments, both in relation to picoplankton carbon sources, sinks and transfer to higher trophic levels.
Secondary diabetes associated with 5‐fluorouracil‐based chemotherapy regimens in non‐diabetic patients with colorectal cancer: results from a single‐centre cohort study
Authors: Feng J.‐P. , Yuan X.‐L. , Li M. , Fang J. , Xie T. , Zhou Y. , Zhu Y.‐M. , Luo M. , Lin M. , Ye D.‐W. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAim  The aim of the study was to analyse the prevalence and characteristics of secondary diabetes induced by 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) based chemotherapy in non‐diabetic patients with colorectal cancer (CRC).Method  A total of 422 consecutive CRC patients who received 5‐FU‐based chemotherapy were retrospectively analysed. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels were determined before each cycle of chemotherapy during active treatment and regular follow‐up. The prevalence and characteristics of secondary hyperglycaemia were investigated, with special focus on the clinical outcome.Results  Among the 422 CRC patients, 60 had pre‐existing hyperglycaemia. In the remaining 362 with normal FPG levels before chemotherapy, 42 (11.6%) and 41 (11.3%) patients developed diabetes and impaired fasting glucose during the study period. Among the 42 secondary diabetic patients, 22 (52.4%) received anti‐diabetes drug therapy, in 7 (16.7%) cases the FPG level returned to normal without any active intervention, and 13 (30.9%) cases received diet control and physiotherapy. Thirty‐one (8.6%) patients developed diabetes. Based on the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, an adverse event over Grade 3 occurred in seven cases during follow‐up. Diabetes‐related adverse events had a serious negative impact on chemotherapy in six cases. Diabetes‐related death occurred in three patients.Conclusions  Secondary diabetes associated with 5‐FU‐based chemotherapy occurs in around 10% of CRC patients, with a significant negative impact on treatment and clinical outcome. 5‐FU‐related diabetes should be regarded as a common side effect of 5‐FU treatment.
Insulin degludec: four times lower pharmacodynamic variability than insulin glargine under steady‐state conditions in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Heise T. , Hermanski L. , Nosek L. , Feldman A. , Rasmussen S. , Haahr H. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAimsInsulin degludec (IDeg) is a new‐generation basal insulin with an ultra‐long duration of action. We compared the pharmacodynamic (PD) variability of IDeg and insulin glargine (IGlar) under steady‐state conditions.MethodsDay‐to‐day variability in glucose‐lowering effect was investigated in 54 subjects with type 1 diabetes who underwent a 24‐h euglycaemic glucose clamp on the 6th, 9th and 12th day of treatment with 0.4 U/kg of IDeg or IGlar once daily. Within‐subject variability was estimated using a linear mixed model on log‐transformed PD endpoints derived from the glucose infusion rate (GIR) profiles during the clamps.ResultsFor IDeg the day‐to‐day variability in glucose‐lowering effect was four‐times lower than for IGlar for total metabolic effect (AUCGIR,0‐24h,SS, CV 20% vs. 82%) and for the last 22 h [AUCGIR,2‐24h,SS (not influenced by intravenous insulin during the clamp), CV 22% vs. 92%]. Furthermore, lower variability in the maximum effect was observed for IDeg vs. IGlar (GIRmax,SS, CV 18% vs. 60%). The lower within‐subject variability of IDeg was consistent over time (CVs of 33% for AUCGIR,0‐2h,SS, 32% for AUCGIR,10‐12h,SS and 33% for AUCGIR,22‐24h,SS), whereas the variability of IGlar was higher and increased substantially 8 h post‐dosing (CVs of 60% for AUCGIR,0‐2h,SS, 135% for AUCGIR,10‐12h,SS and 115% for AUCGIR,22‐24h,SS).ConclusionsThese results show that IDeg has a significantly more predictable glucose‐lowering effect from day to day than IGlar.