bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data reconciliation of concentration estimates from mid‐infrared and dielectric spectral measurements for improved on‐line monitoring of bioprocesses
Authors: Dabros Michal , Amrhein Michael , Bonvin Dominique , Marison Ian W. , von Stockar Urs 
Published: March 2009

AbstractReal‐time data reconciliation of concentration estimates of process analytes and biomass in microbial fermentations is investigated. A Fourier‐transform mid‐infrared spectrometer predicting the concentrations of process metabolites is used in parallel with a dielectric spectrometer predicting the biomass concentration during a batch fermentation of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Calibration models developed off‐line for both spectrometers suffer from poor predictive capability due to instrumental and process drifts unseen during calibration. To address this problem, the predicted metabolite and biomass concentrations, along with off‐gas analysis and base addition measurements, are reconciled in real‐time based on the closure of mass and elemental balances. A statistical test is used to confirm the integrity of the balances, and a non‐negativity constraint is used to guide the data reconciliation algorithm toward positive concentrations. It is verified experimentally that the proposed approach reduces the standard error of prediction without the need for additional off‐line analysis. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009
A Rational Design of Catechol‐Based Compounds: An Experimental and Theoretical Study of Optical Properties
Authors: Aronica Christophe , Venancio‐Marques Anna , Chauvin Jérôme , Robert Vincent , Lemercier Gilles 
Published: March 2009

AbstractFinely tuned optical properties: The optical properties of substituted protected catechol derivatives can be fine‐tuned (see scheme; TBDMS=tert‐butyldimethylsilyloxy). The DFT‐calculated polarisabilities are compared with experimental data.magnified imageThe synthesis and optical properties of 4,5‐disubstituted (tert‐butyldimethylsilyloxy)‐protected catechol derivatives are reported. One or two carboncarbon triple bond functions were introduced through the Sonogashira cross‐coupling reaction. The effects on the optical properties of monosubstitution at the 4‐position or disubstitution at the 4‐ and 5‐positions of these catechol derivatives with electron‐withdrawing or ‐donating substituents have been investigated. The experimental chemical‐structure–polarisability relationship has been studied by using the Lippert–Mataga correlation and compared with the results of a theoretical study carried out with DFT calculations. These compounds are promising candidates for the fine‐tuning of internal charge transfer, but also as potential non‐linear chromophores and ligands within multifunctional coordination complexes.
Lanthanide‐Based Coordination Polymers Assembled by a Flexible Multidentate Linker: Design, Structure, Photophysical Properties, and Dynamic Solid‐State Behavior
Authors: Marchal Claire , Filinchuk Yaroslav , Chen Xiao‐Yan , Imbert Daniel , Mazzanti Marinella 
Published: March 2009

AbstractFlexible director: A flexible multidentate linker containing picolinate chromophores directs the selective formation of luminescent 1D lanthanide‐based polymers. Partial protonation significantly decreases the preorganization of the linker, thus leading to supramolecular 1D and 2D isomers (see scheme). The lanthanide‐containing 1D polymers undergo reversible structural modification in the hydration/dehydration process, which is also associated with significant differences in the luminescence emission.magnified imageFour picolinate building blocks were implemented into the multidentate linker N,N′,N′‐tetrakis[(6‐carboxypyridin‐2‐yl)methyl]butylenediamine (H4tpabn) with a linear flexible spacer to promote the assembly of lanthanide‐based 1D coordination polymers. The role of the linker in directing the geometry of the final assembly is evidenced by the different results obtained in the presence of Htpabn3− and tpabn4− ions. The tpabn4− ion leads to the desired 1D polymer {[Nd(tpabn)]H3O⋅6 H2O}∞ (12). The Htpabn3− ion leads to the assembly of TbIII and ErIII ions into 1D zigzag chains of the general formula {[M(Htpabn)]⋅x H2O}∞ (M=Tb, x=14 (1); M=Tb, x=8 (11); M=Er, x=14 (2); M=Er, x=5.5 (4)), a 2D network is formed by the EuIII ion (i.e., {[Eu(Htpabn)]⋅10 H2O}∞ (7)), and both supramolecular isomers (1D and 2D) are obtained by the TbIII ion. The high flexibility of the polymeric chains results in a dynamic behavior with a solvent‐induced reversible structural transition. The TbIII‐ and EuIII‐containing polymers display high‐luminescence quantum yields (38 and 18 %, respectively). A sizeable near‐IR luminescence emission is observed for the ErIII‐ and NdIII‐containing polymers when lattice water molecules are removed.
Dose‐finding study of 153Sm‐EDTMP in patients with poor‐prognosis osteosarcoma
Authors: Loeb David M. , Garrett‐Mayer Elizabeth , Hobbs Robert F. , Prideaux Andrew R. , Sgouros George , Shokek Ori , Wharam Moody D. , Scott Tammy , Schwartz Cindy L. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Samarium‐153 ethylenediaminetetramethylene phosphonic acid (153Sm‐EDTMP) has been used to treat patients with high‐risk osteosarcoma. The purpose of the current study was to determine the maximally tolerated dose of 153Sm‐EDTMP that permits hematopoietic recovery within 6 weeks.METHODS:Patients with recurrent or refractory osteosarcoma with bone metastases were enrolled in this study. Subjects were treated with increasing doses of 153Sm‐EDTMP, beginning with 1.0 millicuries (mCi)/kg and followed initially with 40% increment dose level escalations, using a continual reassessment method for dose escalation and de‐escalation with a target dose–limiting toxicity (DLT) rate of 30%. Complete blood counts were monitored weekly, and the primary DLT was defined as failure to achieve an absolute neutrophil count >750/mm3 and a platelet count >75,000/mm3 within 6 weeks of treatment. In addition to assessing toxicity, dosimetry measurements were made to estimate the radiation dose delivered to target lesions.RESULTS:The maximally tolerated dose of 153Sm‐EDTMP was 44.8 megabecquerel (MBq)/kg (1.21 mCi/kg). DLTs were confined to hematologic toxicities, particularly delayed platelet recovery in 2 patients treated at a dose of 51.8 MBq/kg (1.4 mCi/kg). Grade 2 and 3 pulmonary toxicity (graded according to the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria [version 3.0]) as reported in 2 patients (at administered activities of 44.8 MBq/kg and 51.8 MBq/kg) was attributable to progressive pulmonary disease. No other significant nonhematologic toxicities were observed.CONCLUSIONS:Patients with osteosarcoma who have previously been heavily treated with chemotherapy can be safely administered 153Sm‐EDTMP with rapid hematologic recovery. The data from the current study support the development of a future trial to assess the efficacy of combining targeted radiotherapy with cytotoxic chemotherapy as a treatment option for patients with high‐risk osteosarcoma. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Periostin promotes a fibroblastic lineage pathway in atrioventricular valve progenitor cells
Authors: Norris Russell A. , Potts Jay D. , Yost Michael J. , Junor Lorain , Brooks Tim , Tan Hong , Hoffman Stanley , Hart Mary M. , Kern Michael J. , Damon Brooke , Markwald Roger R. , Goodwin Richard L. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractDifferentiation of prevalvular mesenchyme into valve fibroblasts is an integral step towards the development of functionally mature cardiac valves. Although clinically relevant, little is known regarding the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which this process proceeds. Genes that are regulated in a spatio‐temporal pattern during valve remodeling are candidates for affecting this differentiation process. Based on its expression pattern, we have focused our studies on the role of the matricellular gene, periostin, in regulating the differentiation of cushion mesenchymal cells into valve fibroblasts. Herein, we demonstrate that periostin expression is coincident with and regulates type I collagen protein production, a major component of mature valve tissue. Adenoviral‐mediated knock‐down of periostin in atrioventricular mesenchyme resulted in a decrease in collagen I protein expression and aberrant induction of myocyte markers indicating an alteration in AV mesenchyme differentiation. In vitro analyses using a novel “cardiotube” assay further demonstrated that expression of periostin regulates lineage commitment of valve precursor cells. In these cells, expression of periostin and collagen I are regulated, in part, by TGFβ‐3. We further demonstrate that TGFβ‐3, through a periostin/collagen pathway, enhances the viscoelastic properties of AV cushion tissue surface tension and plays a crucial role in regulating valve remodeling. Thus, data presented here demonstrate that periostin, a TGFβ‐3 responsive gene, functions as a crucial mediator of chick AV valve maturation via promoting mesenchymal‐to‐fibroblast differentiation while blocking differentiation of alternative cell types (myocytes). Developmental Dynamics 238:1052–1063, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of WNT signalling pathway genes during chicken craniofacial development
Authors: Geetha‐Loganathan Poongodi , Nimmagadda Suresh , Antoni Laurent , Fu Katherine , Whiting Cheryl J. , Francis‐West Philippa , Richman Joy M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA comprehensive expression analysis of WNT signalling pathway genes during several stages of chicken facial development was performed. Thirty genes were surveyed including: WNT1, 2B, 3A, 4, 5A, 5B, 6, 7A, 7B, 8B, 8C, 9A, 9B, 11, 11B, 16, CTNNB1, LEF1, FRZB1, DKK1, DKK2, FZD1‐8, FZD10. The strictly canonical WNTs (2B, 7A, 9B, and 16) in addition to WNT4 WNT6 (both canonical and non‐canonical) are epithelially expressed, whereas WNT5A, 5B, 11 are limited to the mesenchyme. WNT16 is limited to the invaginating nasal pit, respiratory epithelium, and lip fusion zone. Antagonists DKK1 and FRZB1 are expressed in the fusing primary palate but then are decreased at stage 28 when fusion is beginning. This suggests that canonical WNT signalling may be active during lip fusion. Mediators of canonical signalling, CTNNB1, LEF1, and the majority of the FZD genes are expressed ubiquitously. These data show that activation of the canonical WNT pathway is feasible in all regions of the face; however, the localization of ligands and antagonists confers specificity. Developmental Dynamics 238:1150–1165, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Xenopus pancreas development
Authors: Pearl Esther J. , Bilogan Cassandra K. , Mukhi Sandeep , Brown Donald D. , Horb Marko E. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractUnderstanding how the pancreas develops is vital to finding new treatments for a range of pancreatic diseases, including diabetes and pancreatic cancer.Xenopusis a relatively new model organism for the elucidation of pancreas development, and has already made contributions to the field. Recent studies have shown benefits of usingXenopusfor understanding both early patterning and lineage specification aspects of pancreas organogenesis. This review focuses specifically onXenopuspancreas development, and covers events from the end of gastrulation, when regional specification of the endoderm is occurring, right through metamorphosis, when the mature pancreas is fully formed. We have attempted to cover pancreas development inXenopuscomprehensively enough to assist newcomers to the field and also to enable those studying pancreas development in other model organisms to better place the results fromXenopusresearch into the context of the field in general and their studies specifically. Developmental Dynamics 238:1271–1286, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis, Spectroscopic Properties and Electrochemical Oxidation of RuII‐Polypyridyl Complexes Attached to a Peptide Nucleic Acid Monomer Backbone
Authors: Nickita Nickita , Gasser Gilles , Bond Alan M. , Spiccia Leone 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMonomeric peptide nucleic acid (PNA) derivatives incorporating [Ru(bpy)2(Mebpy‐PNA‐OH)](PF6)2 (M1) and [Ru(bpy)2(Mebpy‐(CH2)4‐PNA‐OH)](PF6)2 (M2), where bpy = 2,2′‐bipyridine, Mebpy‐PNA‐OH = 2‐[N‐(2‐{[(9H‐fluoren‐9‐yl)methoxy]carbonylamino}ethyl)‐4‐methyl‐2,2′‐bipyridin‐4′‐ylcarboxamido]acetic acid and Mebpy‐(CH2)4‐PNA‐OH = 2‐[(2‐{[(9H‐fluoren‐9‐yl)methoxy]carbonylamino}ethyl){[5‐(4‐methyl‐2,2′‐bipyridin‐4′‐ylcarboxamido)pentyl]carbonyl}amino]acetic acid, have been synthesised and characterised by IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. [Ru(bpy)2(Mebpy‐(CH2)4‐COOH)](PF6)2 (4) where Mebpy‐(CH2)4‐COOH = (4‐methyl‐2,2′‐bipyridin‐4′‐yl)hexanoic acid, has been prepared as part of the multi‐step conversion of [Ru(bpy)2(Mebpy‐COOH)](PF6)2 (1) to M2, as have tert‐butyl ester precursors of M1 and M2, [Ru(bpy)2(Mebpy‐PNA‐OC(CH3)3)](PF6)2 (2) and [Ru(bpy)2(Mebpy‐(CH2)4‐PNA‐OC(CH3)3)](PF6)2 (5). 1H NMR spectroscopy showed that M1 and M2 are present as rotamers in a 3:1 and 3:2 ratio, respectively. The UV/Vis spectra of 1, 2, 4, 5, M1 and M2 display a MLCT band at 452–454 nm. The emission maximum of M1 in acetonitrile, detected on excitation at 450 nm, was slightly red‐shifted compared to the emission of M2 (622 nm), 1 (623 nm) and [Ru(bpy)3]2+ (615 nm). The RuII/RuIII redox centers in 2, 4 and 5 have E°f (reversible potentials) of +857 mV, +884 mV and +901 mV, respectively, vs. the Fc0/+ (Fc = ferrocene) couple as determined from voltammetric studies in CH3CN (0.1 M nBu4NPF6). Cleavage of the tert‐butyl groups in 2 and 5 forms M1 and M2 whose E°f values lie at +908 mV and +895 mV vs. Fc0/+ respectively, similar to those reported for 1 (+914 mV vs. Fc0/+) and [Ru(bpy)3]2+ (+888 mV vs. Fc0/+). A shift in the E°f of –57 mV was observed between 2 and M1, but little difference was detected 5 and M2, presumably due to the presence of a linker group in this latter case. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Micro‐reactor for transesterification of plant seed oils
Authors: Kaewkool Phattaraporn , Kittiratanapiboon Kanisa , Aryusuk Kornkanok , Krisnangkura Kanit 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe fatty acid compositions of vegetable or other plant seed oils are generally determined by gas chromatography (GC). Methyl esters (the most volatile derivatives) are the preferred derivatives for GC analysis. Esters of higher alcohols are good for the separation of volatile and positional isomers. All the esters of the C1–C8 alcohols of vegetable oils were silmilarly prepared by passing the reaction mixture containing the desired alcohol, oil and tetrahydrofuran through the micro‐reactor (a 3‐mL dispossible syringe packed with 0.5 g of NaOH powder). The reaction products were acidified with acetic acid and the mixture was analyzed by high‐performance size exclusion chromatography and GC. Transesterification was quantitative for primary alcohols, but an appreciable amount of free fatty acids was formed for secondary alcohols. Coriander seed oil was quantitatively esterified with 2‐ethyl 1‐hexanol with the micro‐reactor in less than 1 min. Oleic and petroselinic acid 2‐ethyl 1‐hexyl esters are baseline separated on an Rtx‐2330 capillary column (30 m×0.25 mm, 0.25 µm film thickness).
Processed animal products with emphasis on polyunsaturated fatty acid content
Authors: Sampels Sabine , Strandvik Birgitta , Pickova Jana 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe fat composition of processed fish and meat varies due to the source of the animal diet and to the fats used during processing. The aim of this study was to analyse the fatty acid profiles in some commonly available fish and meat fast foods. Variation between similar products from different brands indicated the use of different fat sources during processing. Especially in fish products, a high variation was found in the n‐6/n‐3 ratio, being up to more than 400‐fold higher than in plain fish, which might be of special concern in the evaluation of diet‐related health claims. Many products showed considerable differences compared to those included in the official database used for calculation of dietary intake. This leads to the conclusion that the fat sources used during processing of fast food should be reported and available to the consumers. Interdisciplinary dialogue between all sectors involved in food production, processing and health care is proposed to evaluate optimal development of fast foods with nutritionally favourable fat composition.
Effects of conjugated linolenic acid and conjugated linoleic acid on lipid metabolism in mice
Authors: Yuan Gaofeng , Sun Haiyan , Sinclair Andrew J. , Li Duo 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe effects of two isomers of conjugated linolenic acid (CLnA), α‐eleostearic acid (α‐ESA) and punicic acid (PA), on body fat and lipid metabolism were investigated, compared with a conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) mixture (primarily cis9,trans11‐ and trans10,cis12‐18:2) and α‐linolenic acid (ALA), a non‐conjugated octadecatrienoic acid, in the present study. ICR mice were fed either a control diet or one of four experimental diets supplemented with 1% α‐ESA, 1% PA, 1% CLA mixture and 1% ALA in the form of triacylglycerols (TAG) for 6 weeks. The weights of perirenal and epididymal adipose tissues were significantly decreased while the liver weight was significantly increased in mice fed CLA, compared with the control. In contrast to CLA, the tissue weights in α—ESA‐, PA‐ and ALA‐fed mice were not affected. No significant differences were observed in TAG, total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels among the five groups. The liver TAG level was significantly decreased in mice fed α‐ESA and PA while it was significantly increased in mice fed the CLA mixture. These results indicate that CLnA and CLA have differential effects on body fat mass and liver TAG levels in mice.
o‐Amine‐Assisted Cannizzaro Reaction of Glyoxal with New 2,6‐Diaminoanilines
Authors: Irie Yuhki , Koga Yuji , Matsumoto Taisuke , Matsubara Kouki 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe preparation of several new o‐amine‐substituted anilines was achieved according to a new bifunctional molecular design, and their reactions with glyoxal were conducted. Cannizzaro reactions of glyoxal proceeded using specifically designed anilines, such as 2,6‐dipyrrolidinyl‐, 2,6‐dipiperidinyl‐, 2,6‐dimorpholinyl‐, and 2‐pyrrolidinyl‐aniline, which are new and can easily be synthesized by substitution of halogen‐substituted nitrobenzene with amines and subsequent reduction with hydrogen, to form α‐hydroxy acetamide and α‐amino acetamide derivatives, as a result of the Cannizzaro reaction. In comparison with the reaction of glyoxal with p‐pyrrolidinylaniline to form a common diimine product, the reaction with o‐pyrrolidinylaniline leads only to α‐hydroxy amides, strongly suggesting that the abnormal Cannizzaro reactions are attributed to the existence of basic nitrogen atoms at the o‐positions, which suppress diimine formation and assist the generation of acetamides.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Supramolecular Organization Based on van der Waals Forces: Syntheses and Solid State Structures of Isomeric [6.6]Cyclophanes with 2,5‐Diselenahex‐3‐yne Bridges
Authors: Lari Alberth , Gleiter Rolf , Rominger Frank 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe ortho, meta, and para isomers 4–6 of [6.6]cyclophanes with 2,5‐diselenahex‐3‐yne bridges were synthesized by reacting the bis(selenocyanatomethyl)benzene derivatives 8a–8c with the lithium salt of trimethylsilylethyne to yield 9a–9c, deprotection of which afforded the bis(ethynylselenylmethyl)benzenes 10a–10c. The condensation of the bis‐lithium salts of 10a–10c with 8a–8c yielded the target compounds 4–6. X‐ray investigations on single crystals of 4–6 revealed intermolecular Se···Se interactions which contribute significantly to the solid‐state structures of these species. In the case of the orthocyclophane 4, we found short distances between one Se–C≡C–Se unit of each molecule leading to a linear chain of orthocyclophane rings. In the metacyclophane, 5, the rings adopt a chair conformation and are piled on top of each other. The resulting molecular channels are connected with each other by intermolecular Se···Se interactions. For 6 also a chair conformation of the [6.6]paracyclophane unit was encountered. In the solid state the rings of 6 are connected by intermolecular Se···Se bridges.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Streambank dewatering for increased stability
Authors: Shields F. Douglas , Simon Andrew , Dabney Seth M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractStreambank erosion is often the dominant source of sediment leaving modified watersheds. Mass failure of high, steep banks is one of the most serious forms of streambank erosion. The risk of a given bank experiencing mass failure is a function of bank height, angle, and soil strength, which is governed by soil moisture. Two methods for bank dewatering were tested in adjacent sections of streambank bordering a deeply incised channel in northern Mississippi: a low‐cost pump system and subsurface horizontal drains. Pore water pressures (both positive and negative pressures, or matric suction) were continuously monitored for 2 years at the pumped site, at an adjacent untreated control section, and for 1 year at the site stabilized with horizontal drains. Resulting data were used to calculate a time series of the factor of safety using a computer model. Over the course of two wet seasons, average bank retreats for the control and pumped plots were 0·43 and 0·21 m, respectively. More limited monitoring revealed that the site with passive drains retreated about 0·23 m. At the pumped site pore water pressure was 3–4 kPa lower than at the control site during the most critical periods. Accordingly, computed factors of safety were above the failure threshold at the pumped site, but fell below unity at the control site on 11 occasions over the period of observation. Similarly, the drained site displayed generally lower pore water pressure and higher safety factors except for two events when drains were evidently overwhelmed with the volume of local surface and subsurface flows. These results suggest, but do not prove, that bank dewatering promoted lower rates of bank retreat and higher levels of stability since the three sites had slight differences in soils, geometry and boundary conditions. Initial cost of the dewatering treatments were significantly less than orthodox bank stabilization measures, but operation and maintenance requirements may be greater. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the existence of (3,λ)‐semiframes of type 3u
Authors: Cao H. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA (k,λ)‐semiframe of type gu is a (k,λ)‐group‐divisible design of type gu (𝒳, 𝒢, ℬ︁), in which the collection of blocks ℬ︁ can be written as a disjoint union ℬ︁=𝒫∪ℒ︁ where ℒ︁ is partitioned into parallel classes of 𝒳 and 𝒫 is partitioned into holey parallel classes, each holey parallel class being a partition of 𝒳\Gj for some Gj∈𝒢. In this paper, we shall prove that the necessary conditions for (3,λ)‐semiframes of type 3u are also sufficient with one exception. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 17: 253–265, 2009