bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of lithium carbonate hollow spheres by spray pyrolysis
Authors: Sun Yuzhu , Song Xingfu , Wang Jin , Yu Jianguo 
Published: January 2011

AbstractLithium carbonate (Li2CO3) hollow spheres were prepared by spray pyrolysis of lithium bicarbonate (LiHCO3) in this research. The products were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), crystal size distribution (CSD) analysis and BET surface area measurement. The XRD figure of the product is nearly the same as the standard pattern, indicating the product achieved by spray pyrolysis has pure Li2CO3 crystalline phase. The SEM images show the self‐assembly hollow spheres are composed of about 200 nm primary particles. While the CSD analysis shows the macro‐volume mean crystal size ranges 4‐9 μm depending on the experimental conditions. The BET surface area of the product reaches 7.24 m2/g, which is much higher than the best value reported in the literature. The product prepared in this work has great potential application prospect in the lithium‐battery industry. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Organic‐organic heteroepitaxy: facts, concepts and perspectives
Authors: Moret M. , Borghesi A. , Campione M. , Fumagalli E. , Raimondo L. , Sassella A. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractOrganic‐organic heteroepitaxy can represent the winning technique for growing crystalline and oriented heterostructures of organic semiconductors. However, a sound physical interpretation of mechanisms that control epitaxy is still missing for these low symmetry molecular systems, generally not obeying the usual lattice matching rules for inorganic systems. We discuss here a couple of paradigmatic examples of organic‐organic heteroepitaxy suggesting a possible physical rationale for the formation of the heterostructure interfaces as it arises from experimental characterization and computer modeling with atom‐atom potential simulations. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ephrin reverse signaling controls palate fusion via a PI3 kinase‐dependent mechanism
Authors: San Miguel Symone , Serrano Maria J. , Sachar Ashneet , Henkemeyer Mark , Svoboda Kathy K. H. , Benson M. Douglas 
Published: January 2011

AbstractSecondary palate fusion requires adhesion and epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) of the epithelial layers on opposing palatal shelves. This EMT requires transforming growth factor β3 (TGFβ3), and its failure results in cleft palate. Ephrins, and their receptors, the Ephs, are responsible for migration, adhesion, and midline closure events throughout development. Ephrins can also act as signal‐transducing receptors in these processes, with the Ephs serving as ligands (termed “reverse” signaling). We found that activation of ephrin reverse signaling in chicken palates induced fusion in the absence of TGFβ3, and that PI3K inhibition abrogated this effect. Further, blockage of reverse signaling inhibited TGFβ3‐induced fusion in the chicken and natural fusion in the mouse. Thus, ephrin reverse signaling is necessary and sufficient to induce palate fusion independent of TGFβ3. These data describe both a novel role for ephrins in palate morphogenesis, and a previously unknown mechanism of ephrin signaling. Developmental Dynamics 240:357–364, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cell polarity and spindle orientation in the distal epithelium of embryonic lung
Authors: El‐Hashash Ahmed H. , Warburton David 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA proper balance between self‐renewal and differentiation of lung‐specific progenitors at the distal epithelial tips is absolutely required for normal lung morphogenesis. Cell polarity and mitotic spindle orientation play a critical role in the self‐renewal/differentiation of epithelial cells and can impact normal physiological processes, including epithelial tissue branching and differentiation. Therefore, understanding the behavior of lung distal epithelial progenitors could identify innovative solutions to restoring normal lung morphogenesis. Yet little is known about cell polarity, spindle orientation, and segregation of cell fate determinant in the embryonic lung epithelium, which contains progenitor cells. Herein, we provide the first evidence that embryonic lung distal epithelium is polarized and highly mitotic with characteristic perpendicular cell divisions. Consistent with these findings, mInsc, LGN, and NuMA polarity proteins, which control spindle orientation, are asymmetrically localized in mitotic distal epithelial progenitors of embryonic lungs. Furthermore, the cell fate determinant Numb is asymmetrically distributed at the apical side of distal epithelial progenitors and segregated to one daughter cell in most mitotic cells. These findings provide evidence for polarity in distal epithelial progenitors of embryonic lungs and provide a framework for future translationally oriented studies in this area. Developmental Dynamics 240:441–445, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular genetics of supernumerary tooth formation
Authors: Wang Xiu‐Ping , Fan Jiabing 
Published: January 2011

AbstractDespite advances in the knowledge of tooth morphogenesis and differentiation, relatively little is known about the aetiology and molecular mechanisms underlying supernumerary tooth formation. A small number of supernumerary teeth may be a common developmental dental anomaly, while multiple supernumerary teeth usually have a genetic component and they are sometimes thought to represent a partial third dentition in humans. Mice, which are commonly used for studying tooth development, only exhibit one dentition, with very few mouse models exhibiting supernumerary teeth similar to those in humans. Inactivation of Apc or forced activation of Wnt/β(catenin signalling results in multiple supernumerary tooth formation in both humans and in mice, but the key genes in these pathways are not very clear. Analysis of other model systems with continuous tooth replacement or secondary tooth formation, such as fish, snake, lizard, and ferret, is providing insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying succesional tooth development, and will assist in the studies on supernumerary tooth formation in humans. This information, together with the advances in stem cell biology and tissue engineering, will pave ways for the tooth regeneration and tooth bioengineering. genesis 49:261–277, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mover design and simulation of linear synchronous motor with half‐wave‐rectified self‐excitation
Authors: Hirayama Tadashi , Higuchi Tsuyoshi , Abe Takashi , Oyama Jun 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis paper presents a design method for a linear synchronous motor with half‐wave‐rectified self‐excitation; this method enables the construction of a motor with small thrust ripple. The mover of the motor is designed to be asymmetrical in order to reduce the thrust ripple. First, we design the configuration of the asymmetrical mover and the field winding of the mover by using the finite element method and a characteristic equation. The asymmetrical mover is built, and the thrust ripple reduction is verified by experiments. Next, the linear synchronous motor is modeled using a circuit simulator in order to confirm its high‐speed performance. The operation characteristics are clarified by simulation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 175(1): 43–52, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21051
Creatine kinase brain overexpression protects colorectal cells from various metabolic and non‐metabolic stresses
Authors: Mooney Steven M. , Rajagopalan Krithika , Williams Brenten H. , Zeng Yu , Christudass Christhunesa S. , Li Youqiang , Yin Bo , Kulkarni Prakash , Getzenberg Robert H. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractCreatine kinase brain (CKB) is one of three cytosolic isoforms of creatine kinase that is predominantly expressed in the brain. The enzyme is overexpressed in a wide variety of cancers, with the exception of colon cancer, where it is downregulated. The significance of this downregulation remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that overexpression of CKB‐C283S, a dominant‐negative construct that lacks the kinase function but retains its ability to dimerize, causes remarkable changes in cell shape, adhesion, and invasion. Furthermore, it results in increased expression of stromal cell markers such as PAGE4 and SNAIL, suggesting an epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) in these cells. In cells transfected with a CKB‐expressing construct, CKB localizes not only to the cytosol but also to the nucleus, indicating a structural or kinase role unrelated to ATP storage. Furthermore, overexpression of CFP‐tagged wild‐type (WT) CKB in Caco‐2 colon cancer cells dramatically increased the number of cells in G2/M but had little effect on cell proliferation. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the downregulation of CKB may play an important role in colon cancer progression by promoting EMT. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 1066–1075, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interference with ER‐α enhances the therapeutic efficacy of the selective CDK inhibitor roscovitine towards ER‐positive breast cancer cells
Authors: Węsierska‐Gądek Józefa , Gritsch David , Zulehner Nora , Komina Oxana , Maurer Margarita 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn recent years many risk factors for the development of breast cancer that are linked to estrogens have been identified, and roscovitine (ROSC), a selective cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor, has been shown to be an efficient inhibitor of the proliferation of human breast cancer cells. Therefore, we have examined the possibility that interference with estrogen signaling pathways, using tamoxifen (TAM), a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), could modulate the efficacy of treatment with ROSC. In conjunction with TAM, ROSC exhibited enhanced anti‐proliferative activity and CDK inhibition, particularly in estrogen‐dependent MCF‐7 cells. The interaction between both drugs was synergistic. However, in ER‐α‐negative cells the interaction was antagonistic. Exposure of MCF‐7 cells to ROSC abolished the activating phosphorylation of CDK2 and CDK7 at Ser164/170. This in turn prevented the phosphorylation of the carboxyl‐terminal repeat domain of RNA Polymerase II and ER‐α at Ser118, resulting in the down‐regulation of the latter. Concomitantly, wt p53 was strongly activated by phosphorylation at Ser46. Our results demonstrate that ROSC negatively affects the functional status of ER‐α, making it potentially useful in the treatment of estrogen‐dependent breast cancer cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 1103–1117, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparative morphology of the gonadal structure related to reproductive strategies in six species of neotropical catfishes (Teleostei: Siluriformes)
Authors: Melo Rafael Magno Costa , Arantes Fábio Pereira , Sato Yoshimi , dos Santos José Enemir , Rizzo Elizete , Bazzoli Nilo 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe studied the relationship between the morphology of the reproductive system and the reproductive strategies of six neotropical catfishes using macroscopic and microscopic analyses. The reproductive system of the examined Siluriformes showed diversified characteristics, but permitted their being grouped according to three reproductive strategies: pelagic spawning, demersal spawning, and internally fertilizing. The pelagic spawners Pseudoplatystoma corruscans and Conorhynchos conirostris have testes that are characterized by filiform lobes, absence of testicular secretion, full‐grown oocytes of small diameter, thin zona radiata, and cuboidal follicular cells. Pimelodus maculatus is morphologically distinct from the other two pelagic spawners catfishes due to the presence of testicular secretion. The demersal spawners Lophiosilurus alexandri and Rhinelepis aspera possess homogeneous testicular secretion, large mature oocytes, and columnar follicular cells. The most specialized reproductive system was observed in the internally fertilizing Trachelyopterus galeatus, which possesses a seminal vesicle accessory to the testes, spermatozoa with elongated nuclei that form spermatozeugmata, and a secretory ovarian lamellar epithelium that is associated with sperm storage. The reproductive system observed in Neotropical catfishes showed a relationship associated with the type of fertilization and the reproductive strategies of the six species studied. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Age, sex, body anthropometry, and ACL size predict the structural properties of the human anterior cruciate ligament
Authors: Hashemi Javad , Mansouri Hossein , Chandrashekar Naveen , Slauterbeck James R. , Hardy Daniel M. , Beynnon Bruce D. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAnterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury continues to be at the forefront of sports injury concerns because of its impact on quality of life and joint health prognosis. One strategy is to reduce the occurrence of this injury by identifying at‐risk subjects based on key putative risk factors. The purpose of our study was to develop models that predict the structural properties of a subject's ACL based on the combination of known risk factors. We hypothesized that the structural properties of the ACL can be predicted using a multi‐linear regression model based on significant covariates that are associated with increased risk of injury, including age, sex, body size, and ACL size. We also hypothesized that ACL size is a significant contributor to the model. The developed models had predictive capabilities for the structural properties of the ACL: load at failure (R2 = 0.914), elongation at failure (R2 = 0.872), energy at failure (R2 = 0.913), and linear stiffness (R2 = 0.756). Furthermore, sex, age, body mass, BMI, and height were contributors (p < 0.05) to all predicted structural properties. ACL minimal area was a contributor to elongation, energy at failure, and linear stiffness (p < 0.05), but not to load at failure. ACL volume was also a contributor to elongation and energy at failure (p < 0.05), but not to linear stiffness and load at failure models. ACL length was not a significant contributor to any structural property. The clinical significance of this research is its potential, after continued development and refinement of the model, for application to prognostic studies that are designed to identify individuals at increased risk for injury to the ligament. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29: 993–1001, 2011
Monitoring and assessment of land degradation and desertification: Towards new conceptual and integrated approaches
Authors: Vogt J. V. , Safriel U. , Von Maltitz G. , Sokona Y. , Zougmore R. , Bastin G. , Hill J. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe implementation of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) needs agreed, scientifically sound and practical methodologies for monitoring and assessing the state and trend of land degradation as well as for monitoring the performance of management programmes. The lack of sufficient and integrated monitoring and assessment (M&A) has in the past been identified as a major constraint for combating desertification. Implementing efficient M&A programmes, however, requires careful analysis of the information needs of the different stakeholders, a clear scientific concept of the processes and drivers of land degradation and an analysis of the theoretical and practical possibilities for adequate M&A. This paper briefly analyses the information needs of diverse stakeholders, reviews existing M&A systems, and highlights key aspects for a scientifically sound approach to monitoring and assessment. Analysis of existing approaches shows that in spite of their relevance, standardised procedures for their implementation at operational scales are lacking. This is partly attributable to the lack of agreed and clear definitions, related difficulties in defining and hence in measuring the attributes chosen to represent land degradation and desertification and the varying degrees of paucity of field data. There is also the urgent need to better integrate bio‐physical and socio‐economic aspects of desertification through a suitably robust scientific framework that links the drivers, processes and symptoms of desertification. Such a framework will allow for the identification of key variables to be monitored and will provide a basis for an improved forecasting and assessment of vulnerability, thereby providing highly important information for policy‐ and decision‐making. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The in vitro PDT efficacy of a novel metallophthalocyanine (MPc) derivative and established 5‐ALA photosensitizing dyes against human metastatic melanoma cells
Authors: Robertson C.A. , Abrahamse H. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveNumerous worldwide clinical trials have shown that photodynamic therapy (PDT) represents an effective and safe modality for various skin disorders, but little research has been done in terms of its effect on malignant melanomas (MM). Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the effect of both established porphyrin photosensitizer 5‐aminolevulinic acid (5‐ALA) and novel metallophthalocyanine (MPc) photosensitizer on human metastatic skin cells which produce a MM.Materials and MethodsThe cellular responses following PDT were assessed using changes in cell morphology, cell viability, cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and proliferation.ResultsFindings reported that in vitro human MM cell line A375 (EACC no: 88113005) are highly sensitive to growth inhibition and apoptosis induction by the cytotoxic side‐effects induced by MPc and 5‐ALA photosensitizing treatments post‐laser irradiation at 680 and 636 nm, respectively. The decrease of cell viability accompanied by an increased cytotoxicity and apoptotic and necrotic levels, with a time‐dependant decrease in cellular proliferation was found to be far more significant for MPc‐treated cells than 5‐ALA‐treated cells, since MPc was applied in far lower concentrations and exhibited far less photoxicity to control cells.ConclusionHence, novel MPc proved to be the better photosensitizing dye for metastatic melanoma tumor destruction in combination with laser irradiation and is a particularly attractive photosensitizer since it exhibits so many ideal properties of a photosensitizing agent, thus further research of this possible anticancer agent could contribute to its potential application in PDT cancer treatment of MMs. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:926–936, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structure elucidation and complete NMR spectral assignment of an unusual aromatic monacolin analog from Monascus purpureus‐fermented rice
Authors: Liu Ming‐Tao , Li Jin‐Jie , Shang Xiao‐Ya , Li Shuai , Li Ling‐Ling , Luan Na , Jin Zong‐Lian 
Published: January 2011

AbstractOne unusual aromatic monacolin analog, monacophenyl, was isolated from the ethanolic extract of Monascus purpureus‐fermented rice. Its structure was completely and unambiguously assigned by one‐ and two‐dimensional NMR techniques (1H NMR, 13C NMR, HSQC, HMBC and NOESY) and high‐resolution ESI‐MS spectrometry. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anodic oxidation of selenadiazoloquinolones in alkaline media
Authors: Staško Andrej , Zalibera Michal , Barbieriková Zuzana , Rimarčík Ján , Lukeš Vladimír , Bella Maroš , Milata Viktor , Brezová Vlasta 
Published: January 2011

AbstractNewly synthesized derivatives of 6‐oxo‐6,9‐dihydro[1,2,5]selenadiazolo[3,4‐h]quinoline variously substituted at position 7 (R = H, COOH, COCH3, CN, COOC2H5 and COOCH3) are established in strongly alkaline aqueous solutions (0.1 M NaOH; pH ∼ 13) as N(9)‐deprotonated structures, but in less alkaline solutions (0.001 M NaOH; pH ∼ 11) the N(9)‐protonated oxo tautomeric forms dominate. Upon their anodic oxidation in alkaline solutions, the selenadiazole ring is replaced, forming instead the paramagnetic species analogous to the ortho semiquinone radical anions as monitored by in situ EPR spectroscopy. The quantum chemical calculations for two representative selenadiazoloquinolones (R = H and COOH) and their anodic oxidation products presented are in agreement with experiments. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low‐power composite CPMG HSQMBC experiment for accurate measurement of long‐range heteronuclear coupling constants
Authors: Boros Sándor , Kövér Katalin E. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA modified version of CPMG‐HSQMBC pulse scheme is presented for the measurement of long‐range heteronuclear coupling constants. The method implements adiabatic inversion and refocusing pulses on the heteronucleus. Low‐power composite 180° XY‐16 CPMG pulse train is applied on both proton and X nuclei during the evolution of long‐range couplings to eliminate phase distortions due to co‐evolution of homonuclear proton–proton couplings. The pulse sequence yields pure absorption antiphase multiplets allowing precise and direct measurement of the nJXH coupling constants regardless from the size of the proton‐proton couplings. The applicability of the method is demonstrated using strychnine as a model compound. The selective 1D version of the method is also presented. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The medicine use and corresponding subjective health complaints among adolescents, a cross‐national survey
Authors: Gobina Inese , Välimaa Raili , Tynjälä Jorma , Villberg Jari , Villerusa Anita , Iannotti Ronald J. , Godeau Emmanuelle , Gabhainn Saoirse Nic , Andersen Anette , Holstein Bjørn E. ,   the HBSC Medicine Use Writing Group
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackgroundMedicine use among children and young people is under‐researched. Studies that investigated cross‐national patterns in adolescents' medicine use practice are rare. This study aims to investigate adolescents' medicine use for corresponding health complaints in Europe and USA.MethodsNationally representative samples of adolescents from 19 countries and regions in Europe and USA completed an anonymous, standardised questionnaire as part of the Health Behaviour in School‐aged Children 2005/2006 survey. The prevalence of health complaints and medicine use were determined. The influence of the frequency of medicine use, age, gender and country of residence, on the likelihood of medicine use was assessed using multilevel multivariate logistic regression, with separate analyses for boys and girls.ResultsBoth health complaints and medicine use were common among adolescents. Medicine use was strongly associated with the frequency of health complaints. The prevalence of both medicine use and health complaints was higher among girls than boys. Boys and girls with weekly health complaints were both similarly likely to report elevated rates of medicine use.ConclusionsThe findings indicated that adolescents who report more frequent recurrent health complaints are also more likely to report more frequent medicine use for their health complaints. Adolescent boys with weekly health complaints have the same risk of medicine use as girls with weekly health complaints. The importance of educating school‐aged children to interpret their bodily feelings and complaints and to use medicines appropriately is of high priority. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Retracted:Effects of nanoparticles to the dynamical behavior of polymer chains in semidilute polymer solution: A dynamic light scattering study
Authors: Mondal Mojammel H. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe following article from the Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics: “Effects of nanoparticles to the dynamical behavior of polymer chains in semidilute polymer solution: A dynamic light scattering study,” by Mojammel H. Mondal, published online on 18 January 2011 in Wiley Online Library (onlinelibrary.wiley.com), has been retracted by agreement between the author, the journal Managing Editor, Dr. Victoria Cleave, and Wiley‐Blackwell. The retraction has been made as the research article was submitted without the author's PhD supervisor and principal investigator's knowledge or consent. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2011