bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversity and distribution of cyanobacterial toxins in the Italian subalpine lacustrine district
Authors: Cerasino Leonardo , Salmaso Nico 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Nine lakes (Garda, Maggiore, Como, Iseo, Lugano, Idro, Pusiano, Ledro, and Levico) located in the Italian subalpine lacustrine district were chosen for a comparative study of the diversity and distribution of cyanobacterial toxins. All nine lakes are known to host different toxic cyanobacteria, mainly Planktothrix rubescens. An analytical protocol has been used, based on LC-MS technique, for determining 20 different toxins (14 microcystins, 2 nodularins, anatoxin-a and 3 cylindrospermopsins). In the investigation, microcystins were found in all lakes on all sampling dates. Anatoxin-a could be detected in 6 lakes, but it was only present in 4 lakes on all sampling dates (lakes Garda, Iseo, Como, and Maggiore). Nodularins and cylindrospermopsins were not detected at all. The number of microcystins detected in the survey was 9, but 4 were the most abundant (dmRR, YR, dmLR, and LR); they were differently distributed among the lakes, thus providing each lake a unique toxic potential. Statistical analysis showed positive correlations between total microcystin concentrations and eutrophication indicators and also between anatoxin-a concentrations and water temperature, suggesting that anthropic and climate-related stressors can have different impacts on the presence of different cyanotoxins.
Seasonal and environmental changes of mycorrhizal associations and heterotrophy levels in mixotrophicPyrola japonica(Ericaceae) growing under different light environments
Authors: Matsuda Yosuke , Shimizu Shoko , Mori Manami , Ito Shin‐Ichiro , Selosse Marc‐André 
Published: June 2012

•Premise of the study:Mixotrophy is a strategy whereby plants acquire carbon both through photosynthesis and heterotrophic exploitation of mycorrhizal fungi. In Euro‐American Pyroleae species studied hitherto, heterotrophy levels vary according to species, sites of study, and possibly light conditions. We investigated mycorrhizal association and mixotrophy in the Asiatic forest speciesPyrola japonica, and their plasticity under different light conditions.•Methods: Pyrola japonicawas sampled bimonthly in sunny and shaded conditions from a deciduous broadleaf forest. We microscopically assessed the rate of fungal colonization and sequenced the ITS to identify the mycorrhizal fungi. We measured13C and15N isotopic abundances inP. japonicaas compared with neighboring autotrophic and mycoheterotrophic plants, to evaluateP. japonica's heterotrophy level.•Key results: Pyrola japonicaformed arbutoid mycorrhizas devoid of fungal mantles, with intracellular hyphal coils and a Hartig net. It tended to be more colonized by mycorrhizal fungi in spring and summer. Most associated fungi belonged to ectomycorrhizal taxa, and 84% of identified fungi wereRussulaspp. Rate of mycorrhizal colonization andRussulafrequency tended to be higher in shaded conditions. Both δ13C and δ15N values ofP. japonicawere significantly higher in autotrophic plants, showing that about half of the carbon on average was received from mycorrhizal fungi. Both isotopic values negatively correlated with light availability, suggesting higher heterotrophy levels in shaded conditions.•Conclusions:The mixotrophicP. japonicaundergoes changes in mycorrhizal symbionts and carbon nutrition according to light availability. Our results suggest that during Pyroleae evolution, a tendency to increased heterotrophy emerged in thePyrola/Orthiliaclade.
The meaning of surface wave dispersion curves in weakly laterally varying structures
Authors: Boiero Daniele , Socco Laura Valentina 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTThe analysis of surface wave dispersion is efficiently applied to estimate 1D subsurface velocity profiles. The same approach is even applied at sites that present weak lateral variations under the assumption that the estimated dispersion curve is representative of the average properties beneath the receiver spread. We verify this assumption by discussing the meaning of the dispersion curve in weakly laterally varying structures using the path‐average approximation (PAVA). Using PAVA we compute synthetic data for different lateral variations and we extract dispersion curves using the wavefield transform. If the phase slowness is linearly varying along the propagation path and the wavenumber resolution of the measuring array does not allow for separating the different wavenumbers of the propagating surface waves, the estimated dispersion curve provides the average slowness. On the contrary, if the phase slowness is not linearly varying or if the wavenumber resolution of the measuring array is enough to discriminate the wavenumbers, the retrieved dispersion curve does not represent any specific velocity of the subsurface. To mitigate this problem windowing can be successfully adopted to make the retrieved dispersion curve representative of the local property of a subsoil column that coincides with the window maximum.
Neurorehabilitation: Are We Doing All That We Can?
Authors: Doucet Barbara M. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Occupational therapists have many intervention tools available for working with clients having a neurological injury; however, some of the most innovative and effective methods have not gained acceptance by many clinicians. Emerging research and new technologies provide occupational therapists with a multitude of treatment strategies and novel devices, but incorporation of those tools into clinical practice appears to be limited by the time necessary to learn about the intervention, educational requirements associated with implementation, or lack of awareness regarding the evidence supporting the use of such tools. Strategies to combat this trend include educating clinicians on evidence-based methods for neurological rehabilitation, aligning academics with practitioners to translate evidence into practical treatment strategies, and accepting that occupational therapy can use these innovations as a means toward state-of-the art, occupation-based practice.
Test–Retest Reliability of the Sensory Profile Caregiver Questionnaire
Authors: Ohl Alisha , Butler Cheryl , Carney Christina , Jarmel Erin , Palmieri Marissa , Pottheiser Drew , Smith Toniann 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. We examined the test–retest reliability and internal consistency of the Sensory Profile Caregiver Questionnaire (SP).
METHOD. Fifty-five primary caregivers of children 36–72 mo old participated in the study. Participants completed the SP on two separate occasions 7–14 days apart. Participant data were analyzed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and Cronbach’s α coefficients.
RESULTS. Test–retest reliability was good across quadrant scores (ICC[2, 1] = .80–.90) and moderate to good across factor (ICC[2, 1] = .69–.88) and section scores (ICC[2, 1] = .50–.87). Internal consistency was high across quadrant (αs = .89–.95) and factor scores (αs = .82–.93) and moderate to high across section scores (αs = .67–.93).
CONCLUSION. This study suggests the SP has acceptable test–retest reliability and internal consistency and supports the use of quadrant scores over factor and section scores to analyze children’s sensory processing patterns.
Predicting the Effects of Cerebral Palsy Severity on Self-Care, Mobility, and Social Function
Authors: Phipps Shawn , Roberts Pamela 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
In this retrospective, longitudinal cohort study, the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory was used to predict the effects of cerebral palsy (CP) on self-care, mobility, and social function for 2,768 children, adolescents, and young adults with CP. Multiple linear regression was used to predict functional performance and level of caregiver assistance and found that CP severity, as measured by the Gross Motor Function Classification System and the Manual Ability Classification System, had the strongest effect. More severe levels of gross motor and fine motor dysfunction resulted in lower levels of self-care, mobility, and social function and increased levels of caregiver assistance. This study provides critical evidence regarding the importance of CP severity as a predictor of self-care, mobility, and social function that can be tested in future research to improve therapy treatment planning, caregiver education, and clinical resource utilization.
Effect of Life Review Writing on Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Chippendale Tracy , Bear-Lehman Jane 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. We examined the effects of engaging in the occupation-based intervention of life review through writing on expressed depressive symptoms as measured with the Geriatric Depression Scale in older adults residing in senior residences.
METHOD. The study design was a randomized controlled trial that took place in four senior residences in New York City. Forty-five participants (23 treatment, 22 wait-list control) ≥65 yr old participated in the 8-wk, once-weekly autobiographical writing workshop, Share Your Life Story (Sierpina, 2002).
RESULTS. Depressive symptoms were significantly less prevalent for the treatment group than for the control group after the 8-wk life review program (repeated-measures analysis of variance p = .03).
CONCLUSION. The results suggest that the Share Your Life Story writing workshop is an effective occupation-based intervention for occupational therapists to use with older adults who reside in senior residences.
External Quality Assurance of Fibrinogen Assays Using Normal Plasma: Results of the 2008 College of American Pathologists Proficiency Testing Program in Coagulation
Authors: Cunningham Mark T. , Olson John D. , Chandler Wayne L. , Van Cott Elizabeth M. , Eby Charles S. , Teruya Jun , Hollensead Sandra C. , Adcock Dorothy M. , Allison Paul M. , Kottke-Marchant Kandice K. , Smith Marc D. 
Published: June 2012

Context.—Proper diagnosis and therapy of fibrinogen deficiency requires high-quality fibrinogen assays.Objective.—To assess the interlaboratory bias, precision, and grading of fibrinogen assays used by laboratories participating in the United States College of American Pathologists proficiency testing program in coagulation.Design.—Two identical vials of normal plasma were sent to more than 3500 laboratories. Participants measured fibrinogen levels using local methods.Results.—Fifty different fibrinogen methods were evaluated. All-method bias was 8.3% (range of method-specific biases, 0.0%–27.0%) and all-method coefficient of variation was 7.7% (range of method-specific coefficients of variation, 0.7%–25.8%). After controlling for reagent/instrument type, mean fibrinogen levels were 11.6% higher for prothrombin time–based reagents compared to Clauss (P &lt; .001), and coefficient of variation was 46% lower for mechanical endpoint instruments compared to photo-optical. Most testing events (97.4%) could be reliably graded as pass or fail using a target range of ±20% from the method mean (total pass rate, 98.8%). Total fail rate was 3.0-fold lower for mechanical instruments compared to photo-optical (0.5% versus 1.5%, P  =  .001). Nonetheless many photo-optical methods had very high precision and very low fail rates.Conclusions.—Fibrinogen assays showed highly variable methodology and performance characteristics. Bias, precision, and grading were affected by the type of reagent or instrument used.
Differentiating Neurotized Melanocytic Nevi From Neurofibromas Using Melan-A (MART-1) Immunohistochemical Stain
Authors: Chen Yumei , Klonowski Paul W. , Lind Anne C. , Lu Dongsi 
Published: June 2012

Context.—Neurotized melanocytic nevi and neurofibromas are common, benign cutaneous neoplasms. Usually they are histologically distinct from each other; however, neurotized melanocytic nevi and neurofibromas can be clinically and histologically similar.Objective.—To determine whether Melan-A (MART-1) immunohistochemical stain is sufficient to differentiate neurotized melanocytic nevi from neurofibromas.Design.—Forty-nine consecutive specimens of melanocytic nevi with neurotization and 49 specimens of neurofibromas were selected. We used antibodies against Melan-A, S100, and neurofilament protein.Results.—All of the melanocytic nevi showed Melan-A staining within the neurotized areas, with most of the areas staining strongly positive, whereas all the neurofibromas were completely absent of Melan-A stain. All of the nevi, including the neurotized areas, stained strongly and diffusely for S100, whereas all the neurofibromas showed a distinctive, sharp, wavy pattern of S100 staining. Neurofilament protein showed scattered staining of both melanocytic nevi and neurofibromas.Conclusions.—Our data indicate that Melan-A immunohistochemical staining is helpful in differentiating neurotized melanocytic nevi from neurofibromas when distinction on histomorphology alone is difficult.
Memories of ‘The Rivalry’: Differences in How Fans of the Winning and Losing Teams Remember the Same Game
Authors: Talarico Jennifer M. , Moore Kira M. 
Published: June 2012

SummaryBerntsen's social identity model of flashbulb memory was applied to recall of the 2008 Lafayette–Lehigh (‘The Rivalry’) football game, which Lehigh won. Consistent with Berntsen's theory, Lehigh fans found the game to be more emotional and therefore rehearsed the event more frequently. They also remembered the factual details of the game more accurately than did Lafayette fans, particularly those facts that enhanced positive social group identity. Although students from both schools recalled the event equally vividly initially, the Lehigh fans maintained that vividness over time, whereas Lafayette fans' memories decreased in vividness. Surprisingly, both teams' fans were equally consistent in describing their personal circumstances during the event, were equally confident in the accuracy of those recollections, and felt an equally high degree of reliving the event while remembering it. The significant influence of emotional affect on vividness, reliving, and confidence was partially mediated by rehearsal, consistent with Berntsen's model. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Struktur und Funktion nicht‐kanonischer Nukleobasen
Authors: Carell Thomas , Brandmayr Caterina , Hienzsch Antje , Müller Markus , Pearson David , Reiter Veronika , Thoma Ines , Thumbs Peter , Wagner Mirko 
Published: June 2012

AbstractDNA und RNA enthalten neben den vier kanonischen Nukleobasen eine Vielzahl modifizierter Nukleoside, die ihren chemischen Informationsgehalt vergrößern. RNA ist dabei besonders reich an Modifikationen, was offensichtlich das Resultat der Anpassung an ihre komplexen und vielfältigen Aufgaben ist. Die modifizierten Nukleoside und deren chemische Struktur etablieren hierbei eine zweite Informationsebene, welche für die Funktion der RNA‐Verbindungen von zentraler Bedeutung ist. Auch die chemische Diversität der DNA ist größer als zunächst erwartet. Neben den vier kanonischen Basen enthält die DNA höherer Organismen insgesamt vier epigenetische Basen: m5dC, hm5dC, f5dC und ca5dC. Alle Zellen eines Organismus enthalten das gleiche genetische Material. Daher erfordert die Erfüllung der zahlreichen unterschiedlichen Aufgaben und Funktionen innerhalb dieses Organismus die kontrollierte Aktivierung und Inaktivierung Zelltyp‐spezifischer Gene. Die Regulation der zugrundeliegenden Unterdrückungs‐ und Aktivierungsprozesse erfordert eine zweite, epigenetische Informationsebene, die augenscheinlich direkt mit erhöhter chemischer Diversität verbunden ist. Diese Diversität wird von den modifizierten, nicht‐kanonischen Nukleosiden sowohl in DNA als auch in RNA bereitgestellt.
New sulfonated aramide nanoparticles and their copper complexes with anomalous dielectric behavior
Authors: Hassan Hammed H. A. M. , Elhusseiny Amel F. , Sweyllam Amr M. , Linhardt Robert J. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe report the preparation of thermally stable spherical sulfonated aramides nanoparticles and their copper(II) complexes. Metal chelation with copper ions furnished polymeric complexes in a 1 : 2 ratio with square planar geometries as judged by their IR, UV, electron spin resonance, and elemental analysis data. The direct‐current electrical conductivities demonstrated the semiconducting nature of the polymeric particles and their copper complexes. Dielectric loss analysis studies showed spectral peaks appearing at characteristic frequencies, which suggested the presence of relaxing dipoles in all of the polymers. All loss peaks were shown on a linear frequency scale and appeared in the range of 1 decade, and no overlap was observed in any of the samples, whereas in the normal polymer's dielectric loss behavior, each peak covered more than 1 decade. Moreover, the peak positions did not change with increasing temperature; this indicated a nonactivated process. The reported dielectric results revealed anomalous behavior, which has not been reported before for such polymeric analogues, as the polarization in these cases was limited by nonthermal forces, and a steady‐state constant polarization was produced by an applied field. A simple method for the formation of a microporous semiconducting thin film of a polymer derived from isophthalic acid and diaminodiphenylsulfone is described. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Surface modification of polyamide and poly(vinylidene fluoride) membranes
Authors: Boulares‐Pender Alya , Thomas Isabell , Prager Andrea , Schulze Agnes 
Published: June 2012

AbstractExperimental results from the gas‐plasma treatment and electron‐beam irradiation of polyamide (PA) and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membranes to improve their wettability and to evaluate protein adsorption at their surface are presented. The wettability of the membrane surface was determined by contact angle measurements; the analysis of the surface composition was performed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). We observed that a reduction in the water contact angle was not always indicative of a reduction in the protein adsorption and, furthermore, that a charge at the surface of the modified membrane seemed to be a major factor in the protein adsorption process. Furthermore, the XPS results shed some light on the modification mechanism of PVDF and PA by electron‐beam irradiation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Effect of block composition, size and functionality of poly(styrene‐isobutylene‐styrene) copolymers
Authors: Suleiman David , Carreras Gretselle , Soto Yahaira 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThis investigation studied the resulting nanostructure and transport properties of ionic membranes composed of sulfonated copolymers with thermoplastic and elastomeric blocks. Poly(styrene‐isobutylene‐styrene) (SIBS) of different number average molecular weight (Mn) and polystyrene weight fraction were sulfonated to various levels of ion exchange capacity. The solvent‐casted membranes were characterized using several techniques including elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy‐, thermogravimetric analysis, and small‐angle X‐ray scattering. These techniques were used to evaluate the thermal and physical properties of the membranes, which in turn, allowed for the comparison of resulting morphologies and selectivities. In addition, counter‐ion substitution (Mg+2, Ca+2, Ba+2) was used to crosslink the sulfonated polymers to further influence their selectivity. Vapor permeabilities were measured at 308 K using dimethyl methyl‐phosphonate, a chemical compound similar to Sarin Gas, and water, to evaluate the selectivity of the membranes and their potential application for chemical and biological protective clothing. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Doping control analysis of desmopressin in human urine by LC‐ESI‐MS/MS after urine delipidation
Authors: Esposito Simone , Deventer Koen , T'Sjoen Guy , Vantilborgh Anna , Van Eenoo Peter 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTThe World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) has recently added desmopressin, a synthetic analogue of the endogenous peptide hormone arginine vasopressin, to the Prohibited List, owing to the potential masking effects of this drug on hematic parameters useful to detect blood doping. A qualitative method for detection of desmopressin in human urine by high‐performance liquid chromatography–electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐ESI‐MS/MS) has been developed and validated. Desmopressin purification from urine was achieved by means of delipidation with a 60:40 di‐isopropyl ether/n‐butanol and solid‐phase extraction with WCX cartridges. The lower limit of detection was 25 pg/mL. Extraction recovery was determined as 59.3% (SD 29.4), and signal reduction owing to ion suppression was estimated to be 42.7% (SD 12.9). The applicability of the method was proven by the analysis of real urine samples obtained after intravenous, oral and intranasal administration of desmopressin, achieving unambiguous detection of the peptide in all the cases. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A reappraisal of adult abdominal surface anatomy
Authors: Ali Mirjalili S. , McFadden Sara L. , Buckenham Tim , Stringer Mark D. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractDescriptions of clinically important surface landmarks often vary between and within contemporary anatomical texts. The aim of this study was to investigate the surface anatomy of major abdominal vessels, kidneys, spleen, gastroesophageal junction, and duodenojejunal flexure in living adults using computed tomography (CT). After excluding patients with distorting space‐occupying lesions, scoliosis, abnormal lordosis, and obvious visceromegaly, 108 abdominal CT scans of supine adults (mean age 60 years, range 18–97 years; 64 female) at end tidal inspiration were available for analysis by dual consensus reporting. Intra‐observer agreement was assessed by repeat blind assessment of a random sample of scans. The vertebral level of the aortic bifurcation and almost all of its major branches, and the origin of the inferior vena cava were consistent with current descriptions. Important differences from contemporary descriptions of surface anatomy were as follows: the renal arteries were most commonly at the L1 vertebral level (left 55%, right 43%); the midpoint of the renal hila was most frequently at L2 (left 68%, right 40%); the 11th rib was a posterior relation of the left kidney in only 28% of scans; and the spleen was most frequently located between the 10th and 12th ribs (48%) with its long axis in line with the 11th rib (55%). Although the majority of vascular surface landmarks are consistent with standard descriptions, the surface anatomy of the kidneys, renal arteries, and spleen needs to be revised in accordance with observations using modern imaging techniques in vivo. Clin. Anat. 25:844–850, 2012.© 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.