bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal shape design and unilateral boundary value problems: Part II
Authors: Haslinger J. , Neittaanmäki P. , Tiihonen T. , Kaarna A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe shape optimization of an elastic body in contact with a rigid surface is considered. An existence result for optimal shapes as well as a numerical realization are stated. From several numerical results it can be seen that minimizing the total potential energy of the system leads to an even distribution of contact forces on the contact boundary, even in the cases when the contact involves friction.
Comparison of direct optimization algorithms for dynamic network flow control
Authors: Papageorgiou M. , Mayr R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSeveral direct optimization algorithms for dynamic non‐linear optimal control problems with bounded control inputs are reviewed. The algorithms are based on well‐known conjugate gradient and variable metric methods for unconstrained optimization. Scaling is shown to improve the algorithms' performance considerably. Comparison of the algorithms is provided for a real‐life example of sewer network flow control.
Optimal control of solar cooling systems
Authors: Salman M. , Kotob S. , Juraidan M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this paper a control algorithm that minimizes the auxiliary energy consumption in a typical solar cooling system while maintaining appropriate comfortable conditions in the cooled enclosure is devised. A dynamic mathematical model for a lithium bromide‐water absorption chiller is developed to be used for deriving the optimal control algorithm. Finally, the results of simulation of the optimal control algorithm indicate that a net reduction of more than 30% in auxiliary energy is possible.
Impulse response matching for z‐Domain identification with application to model order reduction
Authors: Miller D. F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper presents a deterministic time‐domain approach to z‐domain model identification. Coefficients for a discrete transfer function model of specified order are determined by matching the model's impulse response to that of an observed system. Interestingly, the specialized identification equations that result coincide with those from the conventional least‐squares theory using regression models and thus provide a link between the deterministic and stochastic theories. The technique is applied to the model reduction problem for discrete linear systems.
Optimal time joint‐trajectory planning for an industrial manipulator using linear interpolation
Authors: Jeon Hong Tae , Eslami Mansour 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe path of an industrial manipulator in a crowded workspace generally consists of a set of Cartesian straight‐line segments connecting a set of two adjacent points. To achieve the Cartesian straight‐line path (segment) is, however, a non‐trivial task, and an alternative approach is to place enough intermediate points along a desired path and linearly interpolate between these points in the joint space. A method is developed that determines the subtravelling and transition times such that the total travelling time for this path is minimized subject to the maximum joint velocity and acceleration constraints. These results are simulated on a digital computer using a six‐joint revolute manipulator to show their applications.
The solution of some difficult problems in low‐thrust interplanetary trajectory optimization
Authors: Bartholomew‐Biggs M. C. , Dixon L. C. W. , Hersom S. E. , Maany Z. A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper deals with an approach to the problem of spacecraft trajectory optimization that has been successful on a wide range of practical examples. A particular group of missions involving low‐thrust solar‐powered vehicles has presented difficulties for the method, however, and these are described and discussed. In particular the problems seem to reveal weaknesses in some current algorithms for constrained minimization, and we therefore consider some new optimization routines. We also derive a new formulation of the problem using eccentricity and momentum vectors as state variables rather than the more usual Cartesian co‐ordinates. This reformulation allows us to make some simplifying assumptions which make the problem easier to solve while still furnishing good estimates of the true optimum.
The Control of environmental pollution and optimal investment and employment decisions: A Discussion of methodological and modelling issues
Authors: Forster Bruce A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn a recent issue of this Journal, Lin1 analyses a pollution control model that is designed to include adjustment costs, investment, employment and inflation. His analysis of the control theoretic solution appears to contain a number of errors which are pointed out below. Also, the model that he constructs has some awkward features in the view of this analyst. My concerns with the model are outlined in the second section of this comment.
Optimal complex modal‐space control of rotating disc vibrations
Authors: Lee Chong‐Won , Byun Seung‐Wan 
Published: July 2010

AbstractOptimal modal‐space control of rotating disc vibrations in a complex field is presented. Adoption of the complex notation reduces the order of the system dealt with so as to eliminate the difficulties encountered in formulation and computation. A new technique of choosing a weighting matrix is also suggested for the optimal regulator design. With this technique the backward and forward travelling waves are weighted independently by employing the wave co‐ordinates. The performance of the proposed scheme is finally illustrated through an example.
Introduction of a new process with learning about installation and operation
Authors: Fuller J. David 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA model is formulated and solved to investigate the optimal introduction of a new production process when the unit cost of the old process increases with cumulative output and the new process is subject to two learning curves. Capital costs of the new process come down with cumulative experience of installation of new capacity, and operating costs are reduced as operating experience accumulates. Demand is assumed to be constant. Because of an upper limit on the rate of expansion of capacity, conversion to the new process takes place gradually over an interval. It is shown that an equivalent, constant capital cost of the new process may be calculated before solving the model; the same may be done for the operating cost in some cases. An example with oil from the Canadian tar sands as the new process is solved, and extensions to the model are discussed.
Radiation effects on styrene–butadiene–ethylene–propylene diene monomer‐multiple walled carbon nanotube nanocomposites: vulcanization and characterization
Authors: Dubey K. A. , Bhardwaj Y. K. , Chaudhari C. V. , Goel N. K. , Sabharwal S. , Rajkumar K. , Chakraborty S. K. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractVarying compositions of styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) and ethylene–propylene diene monomer (EPDM) 50:50 blend containing multiple walled carbon nanotube (MWNT) as nanoparticulate filler (0.5–5%) were prepared and their efficacy for radiation vulcanization was analyzed by gel‐content, Charlesby‐Pinner parameter, and crosslinking density measurements. Radiation sensitivity of the nanocomposites increased with increase in the MWNT fraction and radiation dose in the dose range studied. The elastic modulus, tensile strength increased with the radiation dose, while elongation at break exhibited downward trend. The extent of reinforcement as assessed using Kraus equation suggested high reinforcement of blend on MWNT addition. The reinforcing mechanism of nanocomposites was studied by various micromechanics models which predicted higher modulus than the experimentally observed results, indicating agglomeration in the nanocomposites. The thermal stability of the composites increased with increase in MWNT loading has been attributed to the antioxidancy induced by nanotubes and higher crosslinking extent of the nanocomposites. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrical conductivity enhancement of polyaniline by refluxing
Authors: Zhang Keqing , Li Yu 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe room temperature electrical conductivity of polyaniline (PANI) was found to increase remarkably after it was heated in tetrahydrofuran (THF) with refluxing for a certain period and then doped with methanesulfonic acid (MSA). The enhanced electrical conductivity of PANI was attributed to a partially cross‐linked network generated via the formation of new chemical bonds between adjacent PANI chain segments during thermal treating, which may shorten the inter‐chain distance and facilitate inter‐chain transition of charge carriers in doped PANI. During the refluxing, the moderate dissolving power for PANI as well as a much lower boiling point of THF were considered to have a unique effect on the formation of such partially cross‐linked network in PANI. As a comparison, PANI treated in poor solvents like methanol (or ethanol) and PANI treated in dimethyl formamide (DMF), which is a better solvent than THF but has higher boiling point, did not show an obviously increased electrical conductivity. Study on X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of PANI after refluxing showed that crystallinity decreased gradually with the increase of cross‐linking degree, but the inter‐chain cross‐linking probably occurred first in crystalline region and then in the amorphous region. Electrical conductivity of PANI decreased after it was refluxed with THF for an extended period due to the decreased crystallinity and doping in PANI. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Participation in an ambulatory e‐pharmacovigilance system
Authors: Haas Jennifer S. , Iyer Aarthi , Orav E. John , Schiff Gordon D. , Bates David W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPurposeThere is growing concern about whether passive surveillance can detect adverse drug events (ADEs). Our objective was to demonstrate the reach of an interactive voice response system (IVRS) to systematically monitor symptoms experienced by ambulatory patients prescribed one of 31 medications, and to document whether there were differences in our ability to contact certain populations.MethodsPatients receiving a prescription for a target medication at one of 11 clinics were eligible for a cross‐sectional IVRS survey, “e‐pharmacovigilance,” with a follow‐up survey done 3 months later if the target medication was still listed on the patient's active medication list.Results902 patients participated, representing 43.3% of contacted and 25.7% of potentially eligible patients with a working phone. After adjustment for demographics and drug class, patients >66 years were more likely to participate than those 56–65 years (odds ratio 1.47; 95% confidence interval 1.19–1.81). Hispanics were less likely than whites (0.56; 0.42–0.76), and those in low‐income communities less likely to participate than those in high‐income communities (0.69; 0.58–0.82). Patients prescribed asthma, or seizure medications were more likely to participate than those prescribed medications for insomnia. Of patients reached by the system, those prescribed medications were erectile dysfunction and smoking cessation were less likely, and those prescribed seizure medication were more likely to participate.ConclusionsIVRS technology can be used to perform ambulatory e‐pharmacovigilance for a broad spectrum of patients, particularly older individuals who may at particular risk for ADEs. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Increased risk of hip fracture in the elderly associated with prochlorperazine: is a prescribing cascade contributing?
Authors: Caughey Gillian E. , Roughead Elizabeth E. , Pratt Nicole , Shakib Sepehr , Vitry Agnes I. , Gilbert Andrew L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPurposeTo examine the prescribing of prochlorperazine secondary to the prescribing of a medicine which could lead to symptoms for which prochlorperazine is indicated and commonly used. Given the range of potential hypotensive, sedative, dystonic and other extra‐pyramidal side effects associated with prochlorperazine, its association with hip fracture was also examined.MethodsPrescription/event sequence symmetry analyses were undertaken from 1st January 2003 to 31st December 2006, using administrative claims data from the Department of Veterans' Affairs, Australia. This method assesses asymmetry in the distribution of an incident event (either prescription of another medicine or hospitalization) before and after the initiation of prochlorperazine. Crude and adjusted sequence ratios (ASR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.ResultsA total of 34 235 persons with incident use of prochlorperazine were identified during the study period. Statistically significant positive associations were found for a number of commonly used medicines, including cardiovascular medicines, NSAIDs, opioids and sedatives and the subsequent initiation of prochlorperazine that ranged from 1.07 (95%CI 1.01–1.14) for diuretics to 1.50 (95%CI 1.40–1.61) for statins. Prescription event analysis showed a 49% (95%CI 1.19–1.86) increased risk of hospitalisation for hip fracture following dispensing of prochlorperazine.ConclusionsPrescribers should consider the possible contributing role of newly initiated medicines with the potential to cause of dizziness, and where possible address this through dose reduction or cessation of the medicine, rather than prescribing prochlorperazine. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimation of the morphology development of immiscible liquid–liquid systems during single screw extrusion
Authors: Domingues N. , Gaspar‐Cunha A. , Covas J.A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA mathematical model to predict the evolution of the morphology of immiscible liquid–liquid systems in single screw extruders has been developed. The model computes the dimensions of the dispersed phase in the polymeric matrix, taking into account the stretching, break‐up, and coalescence phenomena. The corresponding routine was inserted in a process modeling software, describing the flow in a single screw extruder from hopper do die. The drop dimensions were computed along the melting and melt conveying zones. This enabled the study of the morphological evolution of a two‐phase liquid system in a single screw extruder, taking into consideration the effects of the material properties, operating conditions, and screw geometry. The limited experimental data obtained was generally in line with the theoretical predictions. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Mapping interactions of gastric inhibitory polypeptide with GIPR N‐terminus using NMR and molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Tikhele Sonali H. , Pissurlenkar Raghuvir R. S. , Srivastava Sudha , Saran Anil , Coutinho Evans C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractGlucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (gastric inhibitory polypeptide, or GIP), a 42‐amino acid incretin hormone, modulates insulin secretion in a glucose‐concentration‐dependent manner. Its insulinotropic action is highly dependent on glucose concentration that surmounts the hypoglycemia side effects associated with current therapy. In order to develop a GIP‐based anti‐diabetic therapy, it is essential to establish the 3D structure of the peptide and study its interaction with the GIP receptor (GIPR) in detail. This will give an insight into the GIP‐mediated insulin release process. In this article, we report the solution structure of GIP(1–42, human)NH2 deduced by NMR and the interaction of the peptide with the N‐terminus of GIPR using molecular modelling methods. The structure of GIP(1–42, human)NH2 in H2O has been investigated using 2D‐NMR (DQF‐COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, 1H‐13C HSQC) experiments, and its conformation was built by constrained MD simulations with the NMR data as constraints. The peptide in H2O exhibits an α‐helical structure between residues Ser8 and Asn39 with some discontinuity at residues Gln29 to Asp35; the helix is bent at Gln29. This bent gives the peptide an ‘L’ shape that becomes more pronounced upon binding to the receptor. The interaction of GIP with the N‐terminus of GIPR was modelled by allowing GIP to interact with the N‐terminus of GIPR under a series of decreasing constraints in a molecular dynamics simulation, culminating with energy minimization without application of any constraints on the system. The canonical ensemble obtained from the simulation was subjected to a detailed energy analysis to identify the peptide–protein interaction patterns at the individual residue level. These interaction energies shed some light on the binding of GIP with the GIPR N‐terminus in a quantitative manner. Copyright © 2010 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface exciton in thiophene oligomer single crystals
Authors: Shibukawa Kenta , Katano Yoshitaka , Kimura Yuki , Yoshinari Takehisa , Nagasaka Shin‐ichiro , Itoh Hiroki , Kuriyama Yasunao 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA new type of surface exciton has been observed on large grown single‐crystal surfaces of the bc plane in bithiophene, quarterthiophene, and quinquethiophene and of the ab plane in terthiophene, by reflection measurements. These surfaces are well‐grown flat surfaces. The surface exciton absorption intensities decrease with time and are faster in the order of bithiophene, terthiophene, quarterthiophene, and quinquethiophene. This is the same order as their sublimation rates. The present new type of surface exciton is not confined in a surface layer potential like other ones reported before. The energy is lowered by twisting the molecular form between cis and trans forms. The surface exciton absorption band was not observed on the other side walls of the thick crystals, which are the ab and the ac planes in bithiophene, quarterthiophene, and quinquethiophene single crystals (SCs) and the bc and ac planes in a terthiophene SC. Vibronic exciton absorption bands were observed directly by the reflection measurements on these side walls.
Estimation and filtering of physiological tremor for real‐time compensation in surgical robotics applications
Authors: Veluvolu K. C. , Ang W. T. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackgroundPhysiological tremor is the main cause of imprecision in microsurgical procedures/robotics applications. Existing methods, such as weighted‐frequency Fourier linear combiner (WFLC), rely on estimating the tremor under the assumption that it has a single dominant frequency. This paper focuses on developing a new algorithm for accurate tremor filtering in real time.MethodsA study conducted on several novice subjects and microsurgeons showed the tremor to contain several dominant frequencies in a band, rather than a single dominant frequency. Based on the tremor characteristics, a new algorithm band‐limited multiple Fourier linear combiner (BMFLC) has been developed to estimate a band of signals with multiple dominant frequencies. A separation procedure to separate the intended motion/drift from the tremor portion is also discussed.ResultsA simulation study was first conducted to validate the theoretical development on recorded tremor data. The experimental set‐up was designed to study the real‐time performance of the proposed algorithm. Tremor sensing using accelerometers is also discussed, with the proposed algorithm. Our experiments showed that the developed BMFLC algorithm had an average tremor compensation of 64% compared to 43% for the WFLC algorithm in real‐time for one degree of freedom (1‐DOF) cancellation of tremor.ConclusionsThe BMFLC algorithm can be applied for the three axes separately and 3‐DOF cancellation of tremor can be achieved. Further research is required to deal with complex gestures involved during microsurgery. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stochastic kronecker graphs
Authors: Mahdian Mohammad , Xu Ying 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA random graph model based on Kronecker products of probability matrices has been recently proposed as a generative model for large‐scale real‐world networks such as the web. This model simultaneously captures several well‐known properties of real‐world networks; in particular, it gives rise to a heavy‐tailed degree distribution, has a low diameter, and obeys the densification power law. Most properties of Kronecker products of graphs (such as connectivity and diameter) are only rigorously analyzed in the deterministic case. In this article, we study the basic properties of stochastic Kronecker products based on an initiator matrix of size two (which is the case that is shown to provide the best fit to many real‐world networks). We will show a phase transition for the emergence of the giant component and another phase transition for connectivity, and prove that such graphs have constant diameters beyond the connectivity threshold, but are not searchable using a decentralized algorithm. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 38, 453–466, 2011
Exploring relationships between universal design and social sustainable development: some methodological aspects to the debate on the sciences of sustainability
Authors: Vavik Tom , Keitsch Martina Maria 
Published: July 2010

AbstractUniversal design (UD) is a rising global trend and can be related to social sustainable development (SSD), which has gained increasing recognition in the political arena and in the corporate world. UD targets needs, social participation and access to goods and services by the widest possible range of users. For this reason, it is vital to consider the inclusion and advancement of persons who have been excluded from interacting in society for different reasons. Design is often associated with making good looking, expensive products. However, as the Rio Declaration stated in 2005, designers can also contribute to better life‐quality in society and UD can work as a catalyst for this advancement. The goal of this paper is to show how UD can be related to SSD and discuss how far it presents a fruitful methodological approach for SSD. Knowledge generation in these areas means here not analyzing new approaches in one of the fields but exploring the so far uncharted cooperation possibilities of both. For that reason, the paper discusses common goals of UD and SSD by considering relevant theories in both fields. Further, methods in the UD process are examined directed at these goals. Finally, some examples and conclusions are presented as to how designers contribute with inclusive and socially sustainable solutions and how insights from UD can be used for interplay with SSD in research and practice. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Borderline traits and symptoms of post‐traumatic stress in a sample of female victims of intimate partner violence
Authors: Kuijpers Karlijn F. , van der Knaap Leontien M. , Winkel Frans Willem , Pemberton Antony , Baldry Anna C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractResearch has shown that symptoms of a post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are prevalent among victims of intimate partner violence (IPV). Furthermore, positive correlations have been reported between IPV victimization and borderline traits, and borderline traits and PTSD symptomatology. Although there is some evidence that individuals with a borderline disorder are vulnerable to developing PTSD after experiencing trauma, to our knowledge, this has never been studied empirically among a sample of victims of IPV in specific. However, the presence of borderline traits might place these victims at higher risk for developing PTSD symptoms as well. In the current study, associations between PTSD symptoms and borderline traits were examined in a Dutch sample of female help‐seeking victims of IPV (n = 120). As hypothesized, it was found that borderline traits significantly add to the vulnerability for development of PTSD in IPV victims, above and beyond the severity of IPV. Results are discussed in the light of practical implications like an early screening for borderline traits in treatment of victims of IPV. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.