bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virus clearance reduces bone fracture in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and chronic liver disease caused by hepatitis C virus
Authors: Arase Yasuji , Suzuki Fumitaka , Suzuki Yoshiyuki , Akuta Norio , Kobayashi Masahiro , Sezaki Hitomi , Hosaka Tetsuya , Kawamura Yusuke , Yatsuji Hiromi , Hirakawa Miharu , Ikeda Kenji , Hsieh Shiun Dong , Oomoto Yuki , Amakawa Kazuhisa , Kato Hisahito , Kazawa Tamae , Tsuji Hiroshi , Kobayashi Tetsuro , Kumada Hiromitsu 
Published: January 2010

AbstractOsteoporosis is often present in postmenopausal women. The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to assess the cumulative incidence and predictive factors for bone fracture after cessation of interferon (IFN) in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and chronic liver disease caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV). A total of 420 postmenopausal women treated with IFN monotherapy were enrolled. The mean observation period was 7.2 years. The primary goal was the development of bone fracture. Evaluation was carried out by using the Kaplan–Meier method and the Cox proportional hazards analysis. Thirty‐one out of 420 patients sustained bone fracture. The cumulative development rate of bone fracture was 3.6% at 5th year, 9.2% at 10th year, and 17.4% at 15th year. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis showed that bone fracture after cessation of IFN therapy occurred when histological staging of the liver was advanced (hazard ratio (HR): 2.54; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.21–5.31; P = 0.013), serum albumin level was < 3.5g/dl (HR: 2.25; 95% CI = 1.10–4.59; P = 0.026), and virus clearance was not achieved (HR: 3.65; 95% CI = 1.11–12.05; P = 0.033). The results indicate that virus clearance causes a reduction of two‐thirds in the risk of bone fracture after cessation of IFN therapy in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and chronic liver disease caused by HCV. J. Med. Virol. 82:390–395, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Zymosan enhances the mucosal adjuvant activity of poly(I:C) in a nasal influenza vaccine
Authors: Ainai Akira , Ichinohe Takeshi , Tamura Shin‐ichi , Kurata Takeshi , Sata Tetsutaro , Tashiro Masato , Hasegawa Hideki 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe synthetic double‐stranded RNA polyriboinocinic polyribocytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] is a potent mucosal adjuvant in mice immunized intranasally with an inactivated influenza vaccine. In an attempt, to increase the effectiveness of a nasal poly(I:C)‐combined vaccine, the effect of zymosan, a cell wall extract from Saccharomyces cervisiae was investigated, on the adjuvant activity of poly(I:C) in BALB/c mice. The addition of zymosan (10 µg) as an adjuvant in mice which were immunized intranasally with a poly(I:C) (1–5 µg)‐combined vaccine (1 µg) enhanced the ability of the mice to mount an effective immune response to a lethal dose of influenza virus, and resulted in a synergistic increase in secretory IgA and serum IgG antibody levels. To define the mechanism by which zymosan enhanced the adjuvant activity of poly(I:C), bone marrow‐derived dendritic cells (BM‐DCs) were cultured in the presence of poly(I:C) and/or zymosan. There was a synergistic increase in cytokine production (TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐10, and IFN‐β) in BM‐DCs, together with an increase in the expression of co‐stimulatory molecules (CD86 and CD40) in response to co‐treatment with poly(I:C) and zymosan. This synergistic effect on cytokine production was mimicked by co‐treatment with poly(I:C) and a Toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR2) ligand, which represented one of the components of zymosan. The results of the current study suggest that one of the mechanisms by which zymosan enhances the adjuvant activity of poly(I:C) is through increased cytokine production by DCs involving the synergistic activation of poly(I:C)‐induced TLR3‐ and zymosan‐induced TLR2‐mediated signaling pathways. J. Med. Virol. 82:476–484, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Elevated Epstein–Barr virus loads and lower antibody titers in competitive athletes
Authors: Hoffmann Dieter , Wolfarth Bernd , Hörterer Hubert G. , Halle Martin , Reichhuber Christine , Nadas Korinna , Tora Catrin , Erfle Volker , Protzer Ulrike , Schätzl Hermann M. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractEpstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a persisting herpesvirus which is controlled by the adaptive immune response after primary infection and maintained in a latent state. However, reactivation or persistent replication is observed in situations where the immune response is compromised. Since intensive physical training has been reported to diminish immune function, increased EBV load may be a cause of reduced performance and decreased ability to sustain high training loads in competitive athletes. Samples drawn from 209 athletes during their regular follow‐up appointments were tested. One hundred sixty‐five individuals of similar age not active in competitive sports served as case–controls. EBV load was quantified in peripheral blood leucocytes (PBLs) by real‐time PCR, and EBV antibodies were detected in plasma by ELISA and immunoblot analysis. EBV DNA was detectable in 25 of 209 athletes and in 26 of 165 controls. Of note, the EBV load per 105 PBLs was 6.44 ± 1.75 in the case and 1.67 ± 0.44 copies in the controls, yielding a high significant difference (P < 0.0001). However, EBV‐specific IgG titers were significantly lower in athletes (150.4 ± 10.73 U ml−1 vs. 241.6 ± 18.59 U ml−1). As monitored by immunoblotting, primary infections were detected with low prevalence, three in the case group and one in the control group. These findings demonstrate that EBV is present at higher levels in athletes, but the antibody response is lower in athletes than in the controls. J. Med. Virol. 82:446–451, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Difference in susceptibility to MxA protein between a coxsackievirus B1 isolate and prototype, impact of serial cell culture passage
Authors: Chehadeh Wassim , Abdulkareem Hayfaa A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractHuman enteroviruses (EVs) cause a broad spectrum of acute and chronic diseases including meningitis and myocarditis. The type I interferon‐induced MxA protein has been shown to inhibit the replication of an EV, coxsackievirus B4 (CVB4), but not cardioviruses such as encephalomyocarditis virus and mengo virus, members of the Picornaviridae family. EVs consist of more than 60 distinct serotypes against which the antiviral activity of MxA was not investigated yet. The main aim of this study was to explore the antiviral activity of MxA protein against a clinical CVB1 isolate and other EV prototypes. Vero cells expressing constituvely MxA protein were infected with EVs, and the percentage of inhibiton of expression of enteroviral RNA and capsid VP1 protein was determined. Following infection of MxA‐transfected Vero cells with EVs, the expression of enteroviral RNA was inhibited by up to 99%, and that of VP1 protein by up to 85%. However, there was a difference in the percentage of MxA inhibition of EV replication between the different EV prototypes. This difference in MxA sensitivity was not due to a difference in the viral replication rates. The MxA protein was inactive against the clinical CVB1 isolate, and the replication rate of CVB1 isolate in MxA‐transfected Vero cells was higher than that in mock‐transfected Vero cells. A serial passage of the clinical CVB1 isolate and other EV prototypes resulted in an increase in their susceptibility to MxA protein. These results suggest the presence of MxA‐resistant EV variants that may escape innate immunity and cause disease. J. Med. Virol. 82:424–432, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impact of changes in antigen level on CD38/PD‐1 co‐expression on HIV‐specific CD8 T cells in chronic, untreated HIV‐1 infection
Authors: Vollbrecht Thomas , Brackmann Heike , Henrich Nadja , Roeling Joerg , Seybold Ulrich , Bogner Johannes R. , Goebel Frank D. , Draenert Rika 
Published: January 2010

AbstractExcessive immune activation is a hallmark of chronic uncontrolled HIV infection. During the past years, growing evidence suggests that immune inhibitory signals also play an important role in progressive disease. However, the relationship between positive and negative immune signals on HIV‐specific CD8 T cells has not been studied in detail so far in chronic HIV‐1 infection. In this study, the expression of markers of positive (CD38) and negative (PD‐1) immune signals on virus‐specific CD8 T cells in chronic, untreated HIV‐1 infection was evaluated using intracellular cytokine staining. Viral escape mutations were assessed by autologous virus sequence analysis and subsequent peptide titration assays. Single‐epitope CD8 T‐cell responses toward Gag, Pol, and Nef were compared in 12 HIV‐1 controllers (viral load <5,000 cp/ml) and 12 HIV‐1 progressors (viral load >50,000 cp/ml) and a highly significant increase of CD38/PD‐1 co‐expression on virus‐specific CD8 T cells in progressors was found (P < 0.0001). The level of CD38/PD‐1 co‐expression was independent of epitope specificity. Longitudinal follow‐up revealed a clear drop in CD38/PD‐1 co‐expression on virus‐specific CD8 T cells after the suppression of antigen following either viral escape mutation or the initiation of HAART (P = 0.004). Antigen persistence with a fluctuating viral load revealed stable levels of CD38/PD‐1 co‐expression whereas significant rises in viral load were accompanied or even preceded by substantial increases in CD38/PD‐1 co‐expression. The CD38/PD‐1 phenotype clearly distinguishes HIV‐specific CD8 T‐cell responses between controllers and progressors. Whether it plays a causative role in disease progression remains debatable. J. Med. Virol. 82:358–370, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ex vivo monitoring of human cytomegalovirus‐specific CD8+ T‐Cell responses using the QuantiFERON®‐CMV assay in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients attending an Irish hospital
Authors: Fleming T. , Dunne J. , Crowley B. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractReconstitution of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) T‐cell immunity is crucial in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. The QuantiFERON®‐CMV assay for cellular HCMV‐specific immunity was evaluated in allogeneic HSCT recipients (n = 43) and patients with hematological malignancies (n = 29) attending a tertiary‐care Irish hospital. An intracellular cytokine (ICC) assay correlated with the QuantiFERON®‐CMV assay. Although there was agreement between HCMV seropositivity and QuantiFERON®‐CMV assay, six HCMV seropositive immunosuppressed patients with hematological malignancy had negative QuantiFERON®‐CMV results. The 43 HSCT recipients were classified as high risk (D−/R+) (n = 18), intermediate risk (D+/R+ and D+/R−) (n = 17), and low risk (D−/R−) (n = 8). During episodes of HCMV DNAemia no evidence of HCMV‐specific immunity was found using the QuantiFERON®‐CMV assay. Furthermore, the recovery of HCMV‐specific CD8+ T‐cell responses in high‐risk seropositive recipients of matched unrelated donors was severely delayed, a mean of 200 (SD = 117) days compared to 58 (SD = 23) days for sibling donors (P ≤ 0.028). In addition, three patients with late HCMV infection (infection >100 days post‐transplant) had delayed reconstitution of HCMV‐specific CD8+ T cells. Interestingly, two recipients (R+/D−) developed rapid immune reconstitution by days 15 and 36 post‐HSCT, suggesting HCMV‐specific T‐cell lymphopoiesis of recipient origin. Levels of CD8+ T‐cell immunity in HCMV seropositive HSCT recipients were lowest following HSCT. A high number (33%) of indeterminate results was observed immediately after transplantation. Patients with indeterminate QuantiFERON®‐CMV results had low levels of HCMV‐specific CD8+ T cells. J. Med. Virol. 82:433–440, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enantioselective analysis of mirtazapine, demethylmirtazapine and 8‐hydroxy mirtazapine in human urine after solid‐phase microextraction
Authors: de Santana Fernando José Malagueño , Jabor Valquíria Aparecida Polisel , Cesarino Evandro José , Lanchote Vera Lúcia , Bonato Pierina Sueli 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA selective and reproducible off‐line solid‐phase microextraction procedure was developed for the simultaneous enantioselective determination of mirtazapine (MRT), demethylmirtazapine and 8‐hydroxymirtazapine in human urine. CE was used for optimization of the extraction procedure whereas LC‐MS was used for method validation and application. The influence of important factors in the solid‐phase microextraction efficiency is discussed, such as the fiber coatings, extraction time, pH, ionic strength, temperature and desorption time. Before extraction, human urine samples were submitted to enzymatic hydrolysis at 37°C for 16 h. Then, the enzyme was precipitated with trichloroacetic acid and the pH was adjusted to 8 with 1 mol/L pH 11 phosphate buffer solution. In the extraction, the analytes were transferred from the aqueous solution to the polydimethylsiloxane‐divinylbenzene fiber coating and then desorbed in methanol. The mean recoveries were 5.4, 1.7 and 1.0% for MRT, demethylmirtazapine and 8‐hydroxymirtazapine enantiomers, respectively. The method was linear over the concentration range of 62–1250 ng/mL. The within‐day and between‐day assay precision and accuracy were lower than 15%. The method was successfully employed in a preliminary cumulative urinary excretion study after administration of racemic MRT to a healthy volunteer.
A new thermally immobilized fluorinated stationary phase for RP‐HPLC
Authors: Maldaner Liane , Jardim Isabel C. S. F. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA new fluorinated stationary phase was prepared through thermal immobilization of poly(methyl‐3,3,3‐trifluoropropylsiloxane) onto 5 μm Kromasil silica particles. The best conditions of immobilization time and temperature were determined through a central composite design and response surface methodologies. Physical–chemical characterization using solid‐state 29Si NMR measurements, infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis showed that the immobilization process was effective to promote a coating of the support that corresponds to a monolayer of polymer. The stationary phase presents selectivity for positional isomers and good peak shape for basic compounds.
Knowledge discovery in metabolomics: An overview of MS data handling
Authors: Boccard Julien , Veuthey Jean‐Luc , Rudaz Serge 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWhile metabolomics attempts to comprehensively analyse the small molecules characterising a biological system, MS has been promoted as the gold standard to study the wide chemical diversity and range of concentrations of the metabolome. On the other hand, extracting the relevant information from the overwhelming amount of data generated by modern analytical platforms has become an important issue for knowledge discovery in this research field. The appropriate treatment of such data is therefore of crucial importance in order, for the data, to provide valuable information. The aim of this review is to provide a broad overview of the methodologies developed to handle and process MS metabolomic data, compare the samples and highlight the relevant metabolites, starting from the raw data to the biomarker discovery. As data handling can be further separated into data processing, data pre‐treatment and data analysis, recent advances in each of these steps are detailed separately.
Residue analysis of multi‐class pesticides in watermelon by LC‐MS/MS
Authors: Park Semin , Lee Sung Joong , Kim Hae Gyeong , Jeong Won Young , Shim Jae‐Han , Abd El‐Aty A. M. , Jeong Sung Woo , Lee Won Sup , Kim Soo Taek , Shin Sung Chul 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAs watermelon is farmed primarily by protected and successive cultivation techniques, a number of pesticides are required for the control of pests and diseases. To evaluate the harmful effects of pesticides in watermelon and to guarantee consumers' safety, a rapid screening process for pesticides is required. A LC‐MS/MS method was applied for the direct quantitation of 44 pesticide residues in watermelon. A Zorbax XDB‐C18 column was selected for analysis, with a mobile phase consisting of a gradient system of water and 5 mM methanolic ammonium formate. MS/MS experiments were performed in ESI positive ion and multiple reaction monitoring modes. The LOQs were in the range of 1–26 μg/kg, thereby indicating good sensitivity. Most of the recoveries ranged between 70–131% with RSDs≤20%. We suggested that the amount of pesticide residues such as pyroquilon (pyn), boscalid (bd), and dimethomorph (di) in amides (AM) and cinosulfuron (ci) in ureas (UR) may have been overestimated for the pesticides owing to increased α‐error risk, whereas the amounts of pesticide residues, such as imibenconazole (ie) in the triazoles (TR) and fenpyroximate (fee) in the imidazoles (IM), may have been underestimated as the result of increased β‐error risk. The current method allowed for the rapid quantitation and identification of low pesticide levels in the watermelon samples. No pesticide residues were detected in any of the surveyed watermelons obtained from eight local markets in the Republic of Korea. Statistical analysis of the recoveries classified the 44 pesticides into nine groups and three overall categories.
Dual hydrophilic interaction‐RP retention mechanism on polar columns: Structural correlations and implementation for 2‐D separations on a single column
Authors: Jandera Pavel , Hájek Tomáš , Škeříková Veronika , Soukup Jan 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe investigated the retention of phenolic acid and flavone antioxidants on five polar columns in buffered aqueous ACN mobile phases. All columns show mixed retention mechanism: RP in highly aqueous mobile phases and normal phase (hydrophilic interaction LC, HILIC) in mobile phases with high concentration of ACN. The Silica Hydride and the ZIC HILIC sulfobetaine zwitterionic columns show rather limited retention in the RP mode. The Luna HILIC column shows higher retention in both the HILIC and the RP modes in comparison to the PEG and DIOL columns. We characterized the selectivity of various HILIC systems using linear solvation energy relationship model with molecular structure descriptors characterizing selective molecular size, dipole–dipole and proton–donor/proton–acceptor interactions and we investigated the effects of the mobile phase composition on the linear solvation energy relationship characteristics of the separation phase systems to select suitable conditions for orthogonal HILIC separations in combination with RP systems. Dual retention mechanism offers possibilities for using complementary selectivity in the HILIC and the RP modes for sequential 2‐D separations of natural antioxidants on a single Luna HILIC column. Column equilibration time of 15 min between alternating RP and HILIC gradient runs is sufficient for reproducible results.
Photon transport in a time‐dependent interstellar cloud
Authors: Belleni‐Morante Aldo , Monaco Roberto , Pieraccini Sandra 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPhoton transport is studied in an interstellar cloud occupying a time‐dependent region V(t)⊂ℝ3. First, under the assumption that the surface ∂V(t) is a known function of t∈[0, tmax], a direct problem is set and proof of well‐posedness is sketched. Then, an inverse problem is examined, under the assumptions that the time behaviour of ∂V(t) is unknown and the photon distribution function is measured at a location far from the cloud. Some numerical experiments are then provided. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The demographic, socio‐economic and temporal contextualisation of the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona collection of identified human skeletons (UAB collection)
Authors: Rissech C. , Steadman D. W. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIdentified human skeletal collections are those in which basic demographic data (sex, age and biological origin) are known and are crucial for developing and testing osteological methodologies. It is important that the identified collection be contextualised, and in this way the collection will be considered a reference collection. To contextualise a collection requires documentation of the basic demographic data of the individuals (sex, age, year of birth, geographical area) as well as information concerning the socio‐economic and temporal context in which the individuals lived. The contextualisation of an identified collection is very important so the researchers can understand the ‘point of reference’ when applying a method to it or developing a new method. The purpose of this study is to contextualise the identified skeletal collection of the Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB) which currently contains 35 adult skeletons of both sexes. To carry out the objectives of the present study, the information about the individuals was collected from cemetery registers and compared with the information of the demographic and statistic public institutions of Spain. The results indicate that the UAB collection is formed only by Spanish nationals who mainly lived during the 20th century in Granollers (Barcelona, Spain). Both sexes are equally represented and all of the individuals are adults. They reflect the most current adult population structure of Catalonia and be treated as a Catalan reference sample of adults living in the 20th century. This collection offers special opportunities for demographic analysis, including validation studies of skeletal ageing and sexing methods that target adult individuals. The collection can also be used in conjunction with other reference samples to investigate secular and populational change in cranial form, sexual dimorphism and stature. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The prognostic role of immunohistochemical chromogranin a expression in prostate cancer patients is significantly modified by androgen‐deprivation therapy
Authors: Berruti Alfredo , Bollito Enrico , Cracco Cecilia M. , Volante Marco , Ciccone Giovannino , Porpiglia Francesco , Papotti Mauro , Scarpa Roberto Mario , Dogliotti Luigi 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDSeveral data suggest that neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation in prostate cancer is implicated in the development of resistance to androgen‐deprivation therapy (ADT). This study was undertaken to assess the prognostic role of tissue chromogranin A (CgA) expression in patients addressed to ADT as opposed to those who did not.METHODSFour hundred fourteen newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients, consecutively recruited in a single institution, entered the study. Two hundred fourteen patients received ADT early after diagnosis, 200 did not. Median follow‐up was 85 months. CgA expression was evaluated immunohistochemically in prostate cancer needle biopsies.RESULTSIn multivariate analysis after adjusting for Gleason score, serum PSA, disease stage and local treatments, tissue CgA expression in overall cases was significantly associated with a shorter survival (P = 0.009) but failed to be associated with PSA progression (P = 0.10). Dividing patients according to whether they received immediate ADT or not, tissue CgA was associated with a shorter time to PSA progression in ADT‐treated patients (hazard ratios (HR) 1.96, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.37–2.81, P = 0.0001), but failed to be associated in those who did not (HR 0.87, 95% CI: 0.58–1.30, P = 0.49), interaction test P = 0.007. Conversely the survival effect of tissue CgA was not modified by ADT (interaction test, P = 0.41).CONCLUSIONSTissue CgA expression, evaluated in prostate cancer needle biopsies at diagnosis, is an independent prognostic factor of survival in prostate cancer patients. The negative influence of NE differentiation on time to progression confined in ADT‐treated patients suggests a role of NE differentiation in predicting endocrine resistance that deserves validation. Prostate 70: 718–726, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.