bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From {Bi22O26} to Chiral Ligand‐Protected {Bi38O45}‐Based Bismuth Oxido Clusters
Authors: Mansfeld Dirk , Miersch Linda , Rüffer Tobias , Schaarschmidt Dieter , Lang Heinrich , Böhle Tony , Troff Ralf W. , Schalley Christoph A. , Müller Jens , Mehring Michael 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe reaction of [Bi22O26(OSiMe2tBu)14] (1) in THF with salicylic acid gave [Bi22O24(HSal)14] (2) first, which was converted into [Bi38O45(HSal)22(OH)2(DMSO)16.5] ⋅DMSO⋅H2O (3⋅DMSO⋅H2O) after dissolution and crystallization from DMSO. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis and ESI mass spectrometry associated with infrared multi‐photon dissociation (IRMPD) tandem MS experiments confirm the formation of the large and quite stable bismuth oxido cluster 3. The reaction of compound 2 with the butoxycarbonyl(BOC)‐protected amino acids phenylalanine and valine (BOC‐PheOH and BOC‐ValOH), respectively, resulted in the formation of chiral [Bi38O45(BOC‐AA)22(OH)2] (AA=deprotonated amino acid), as shown by a combination of different analytical techniques such as elemental analysis, dynamic light scattering, circular dichroism spectroscopy, and ESI mass spectrometry.
Spinal nerve ligation decreases γ‐aminobutyric acidB receptors on specific populations of immunohistochemically identified neurons in L5 dorsal root ganglion of the rat
Authors: Engle Mitchell P. , Merrill Michelle A. , Marquez De Prado Blanca , Hammond Donna L. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis study examined the distribution of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)B receptors on immunohistochemically identified neurons, and levels of GABAB(1) and GABAB(2) mRNA, in the L4 and L5 dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of the rat in the absence of injury and 2 weeks after L5 spinal nerve ligation. In uninjured DRG, GABAB(1) immunoreactivity colocalized exclusively with the neuronal marker (NeuN) and did not colocalize with the satellite cell marker S‐100. The GABAB(1) subunit colocalized to >97% of DRG neurons immunoreactive (IR) for neurofilament 200 (N52) or calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP), or labeled by isolectin B4 (IB4). Immunoreactivity for GABAB(2) was not detectable. L5 spinal nerve ligation did not alter the number of GABAB(1)‐IR neurons or its colocalization pattern in the L4 DRG. However, ligation reduced the number of GABAB(1)‐IR neurons in the L5 DRG by ≈38% compared with sham‐operated and naïve rats. Specifically, ligation decreased the number of CGRP‐IR neurons in the L5 DRG by 75%, but did not decrease the percent colocalization of GABAB(1) in those that remained. In the few IB4‐positive neurons that remained in the L5 DRG, colocalization of GABAB(1)‐IR decreased to 75%. Ligation also decreased levels of GABAB(1) and GABAB(2) mRNA in the L5, but not the L4 DRG compared with sham‐operated or naïve rats. These findings indicate that the GABAB receptor is positioned to presynaptically modulate afferent transmission by myelinated, unmyelinated, and peptidergic afferents in the dorsal horn. Loss of GABAB receptors on primary afferent neurons may contribute to the development of mechanical allodynia after L5 spinal nerve ligation. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:1663–1677, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sensillum‐specific, topographic projection patterns of olfactory receptor neurons in the antennal lobe of the cockroach Periplaneta americana
Authors: Watanabe Hidehiro , Haupt S. Shuichi , Nishino Hiroshi , Nishikawa Michiko , Yokohari Fumio 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn vertebrates and many invertebrates, olfactory signals detected by peripheral olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) are conveyed to a primary olfactory center with glomerular organization in which odor‐specific activity patterns are generated. In the cockroach, Periplaneta americana, ORNs in antennal olfactory sensilla project to 205 unambiguously identifiable antennal lobe (AL) glomeruli that are classified into 10 glomerular clusters (T1–T10 glomeruli) innervated by distinct sensory tracts. In this study we employed single sensillum staining techniques and investigated the topographic projection patterns of individual ORNs to elucidate the relationship between sensillum types and glomerular organization in the AL. Axons of almost all ORNs projected to individual glomeruli. Axons of ORNs in perforated basiconic sensilla selectively innervated the anterodorsal T1–T4 glomeruli, whereas those in trichoid and grooved basiconic sensilla innervated the posteroventral T5–T9 glomeruli. About 90% of stained ORNs in trichoid sensilla sent axons to the T5 glomeruli and more than 90% of ORNs in grooved basiconic sensilla innervated the T6, T8, and T9 glomeruli. The T5 and T9 glomeruli exclusively receive sensory inputs from the trichoid and grooved basiconic sensilla, respectively. All investigated glomeruli received convergent input from a single type of sensillum except F11 glomerulus in the T6 glomeruli, which was innervated from both trichoid and grooved basiconic sensilla. These results suggest that ORNs in distinct sensillum types project to glomeruli in distinct glomerular clusters. Since ORNs in distinct sensillum types are each tuned to distinct subsets of odorant molecules, the AL is functionally compartmentalized into groups of glomeruli. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:1687–1701, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Organization of the auditory brainstem in a lizard, Gekko gecko. I. Auditory nerve, cochlear nuclei, and superior olivary nuclei
Authors: Tang Yezhong , Christensen‐Dalsgaard Jakob , Carr Catherine E. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe used tract tracing to reveal the connections of the auditory brainstem in the Tokay gecko (Gekko gecko). The auditory nerve has two divisions, a rostroventrally directed projection of mid‐ to high best‐frequency fibers to the nucleus angularis (NA) and a more dorsal and caudal projection of low to middle best‐frequency fibers that bifurcate to project to both the NA and the nucleus magnocellularis (NM). The projection to NM formed large somatic terminals and bouton terminals. NM projected bilaterally to the second‐order nucleus laminaris (NL), such that the ipsilateral projection innervated the dorsal NL neuropil, whereas the contralateral projection crossed the midline and innervated the ventral dendrites of NL neurons. Neurons in NL were generally bitufted, with dorsoventrally oriented dendrites. NL projected to the contralateral torus semicircularis and to the contralateral ventral superior olive (SOv). NA projected to ipsilateral dorsal superior olive (SOd), sent a major projection to the contralateral SOv, and projected to torus semicircularis. The SOd projected to the contralateral SOv, which projected back to the ipsilateral NM, NL, and NA. These results suggest homologous patterns of auditory connections in lizards and archosaurs but also different processing of low‐ and high‐frequency information in the brainstem. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:1784–1799, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Bilateral and ipsilateral ascending tectopulvinar pathways in mammals: A study in the squirrel (spermophilus beecheyi)
Authors: Fredes Felipe , Vega‐Zuniga Tomas , Karten Harvey , Mpodozis Jorge 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe mammalian pulvinar complex is a collection of dorsal thalamic nuclei related to several visual and integrative processes. Previous studies have shown that the superficial layers of the superior colliculus project to multiple divisions of the pulvinar complex. Although most of these works agree about the existence of an ipsilateral tectopulvinar projection arising from the stratum griseum superficialis, some others report a bilateral projection originating from this same tectal layer. We investigated the organization of the tectopulvinar projections in the Californian ground squirrel using cholera toxin B (CTb). We confirmed previous studies showing that the caudal pulvinar of the squirrel receives a massive bilateral projection originating from a specific cell population located in the superficial collicular layers (SGS3, also called the “lower SGS” or “SGSL”). We found that this projection shares striking structural similarities with the tectorotundal pathway of birds and reptiles. Morphology of the collicular cells originating this projection closely corresponds to that of the bottlebrush tectal cells described previously for chickens and squirrels. In addition, we found that the rostral pulvinar receives an exclusively ipsilateral projection from a spatially separate population of collicular cells located at the base of the stratum opticum, deeper than the cells projecting to the caudal pulvinar. These results strongly support, at a structural level, the homology of the pathway originating in the SGS3 collicular cells upon the caudal pulvinar with the tectorotundal pathway of nonmammalian amniotes and contribute to clarifying the general organization of the tectopulvinar pathways in mammals. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:1800–1818, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Theoretical Studies on the Photoinduced Rearrangement Mechanism of α‐Santonin
Authors: Chen Xing , Rinkevicius Zilvinas , Luo Yi , Ågren Hans , Cao Zexing 
Published: November 2011

Abstractα‐Santonin is the first organic compound observed to feature a photoinduced rearrangement and is now known to undergo a series of photochemical processes under UV irradiation. On the basis of the considerable interest of this system as a prototype, and of the yet limited insights reached for the basic photo mechanisms, we calculate the high‐level electronic structures and explore the potential energy surfaces (PES) of α‐santonin in the ground and lowest‐lying excited states, their couplings, and the possible photoinduced isomerization pathways. The calculations identify the low‐lying singlet excited state 1(nπ*) accessible under light irradiation, which decays to the low‐energy 3(ππ*) state through an intersystem crossing in the Franck–Condon region to initiate the photoinduced rearrangement. The initial reaction from the C3C5 bond coupling, which takes place on the 3(ππ*) state potential energy surface, leads to a three‐membered alkyl‐ring compound intermediate state INT. The following photochemical reactions have the possibility to arise from two distinct CC bond cleavages, C4C5 and C3C4, denoted as path A and path B. Path A is favored both dynamically on the excited‐state PES and thermodynamically on the ground‐state PES in vacuo. Experiments show that it also becomes the dominant photoinduced rearrangement process in the crystal, which can be explained by considering the requirement for less space and the stacking effect under the confined environment. Path B is dynamical advantaged both on the ground‐ and excited‐state PESs in a weak polar solvent, such as dioxane. Once the biradical intermediate B‐INT is accessible on the ground‐state PES, the formation of the product B‐P is almost barrier free.
Free‐Standing Aluminium Nanowire Architectures Made in an Ionic Liquid
Authors: Zein El Abedin Sherif , Endres Frank 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe report on the electrochemical synthesis of free‐standing aluminium nanowire architectures through a template‐assisted electrodeposition technique. For this purpose, nuclear track‐etched polycarbonate membranes were employed as templates. One side of the template was sputtered with a thin gold film to serve as a working electrode. Subsequently the nanowires were made in the ionic liquid 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride ([EMIm]Cl)/AlCl3 (40/60 mol %) under potentiostatic conditions. Two different electrodeposition procedures were employed to fabricate strongly adherent Al nanowire structures on an electrodeposited Al layer. In the first procedure, electrodeposition simultaneously occurs along the pores of the template and on the Au‐sputtered side of the template. In the second procedure, electrodeposition takes place in two different steps: first a thick supporting film of Al is deposited on the sputtered side of the membrane and second Al nanowires are grown within the pores. After chemical dissolution of the membrane in dichloromethane, an aluminium foil of a controlled thickness with a three‐dimensional nanowire structure on one side was obtained. Different nanowire architectures, such as free‐standing nanowires, vertically aligned tree‐shaped arrays, and bunched nanowire films, were obtained. Such nanowire architectures are of particular interest for applications in Li‐ion micro‐batteries.
Organosilicon Polymers Deposition by PECVD and RPECVD on Micropatterned Substrates
Authors: Supiot Philippe , Vivien Céline , Blary Karine , Rouessac Vincent 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThin films of organosilicon materials produced by plasma‐assisted deposition are frequently used because of their multifunctional character, but few comparative studies into their growth on structured surfaces are available. Two types of CVD processes, plasma‐enhanced (PE)CVD and remote plasma‐enhanced (RPE)CVD are taken as typical operating conditions. Polymer films of thicknesses ranging from 0.25 to 1.2 µm are obtained by both processes from the tetramethylsiloxane (TMDSO) precursor, on silicon substrates microstructured with a set of patterns (trenches, holes, and columns) with various spacings, and with vertical dimensions of 1.3 or 1.45 µm. Analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the samples is carried out after sample cleavage. The effects of pattern size and shape, defined by the aspect ratio parameter, on the local growth rate are studied more specifically for trenches for both PECVD and RPECVD processes
Highly‐efficient, fluorescent, locus directed cre and FlpO deleter mice on a pure C57BL/6N genetic background
Authors: Birling Marie‐Christine , Dierich Andrée , Jacquot Sylvie , Hérault Yann , Pavlovic Guillaume 
Published: November 2011

AbstractTo facilitate the use of the new mutant resource developed in the mouse, we have generated Cre and FlpO deleter mice on a pure inbred C57BL/6N background. The new transgenic constructs were designed to drive either the Cre or FlpO recombinase, fused to a specific fluorescent marker, respectively the eGFP or the eYFP, and were inserted by homologous recombination in the neutral Rosa26 locus. They allow a rapid, cost‐effective, and efficient identification of the carrier individuals through the coexpression of the fluorescent marker. The recombination efficiency of the two deleter lines, Gt(ROSA)26Sor<tm1(ACTB‐cre,‐EGFP)Ics> and Gt(ROSA)26Sor<tm2(CAG‐flpo, EYFP)Ics>, was carefully evaluated using five loxP‐flanked or four FRT‐flanked alleles located at different positions in the mouse genome. For each tested locus, we observed a 100% excision rate. The transgenic mice are easily distinguishable from wild type animals by their bright fluorescence that remains easily detectable until 10 days after birth. In the adult, fluorescence can still be detected inthe unpigmented paws. Furthermore, they both display accumulation of the specific recombinase during oogenesis. These fluorescent ‘Cre‐ and Flp‐ deleter’ transgenic lines are valuable tools for the scientific community by their high and stable recombination efficiency, the simplicity of genotype identification and the maintenance of a pure genetic background when used to remove specific selection cassette or to induce complete loss‐of‐function allele. genesis 50:482–489, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Understanding the role of ecohydrological feedbacks in ecosystem state change in drylands
Authors: Turnbull L. , Wilcox B. P. , Belnap J. , Ravi S. , D'Odorico P. , Childers D. , Gwenzi W. , Okin G. , Wainwright J. , Caylor K. K. , Sankey T. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTEcohydrological feedbacks are likely to be critical for understanding the mechanisms by which changes in exogenous forces result in ecosystem state change. We propose that in drylands, the dynamics of ecosystem state change are determined by changes in the type (stabilizing vs amplifying) and strength of ecohydrological feedbacks following a change in exogenous forces. Using a selection of five case studies from drylands, we explore the characteristics of ecohydrological feedbacks and resulting dynamics of ecosystem state change. We surmise that stabilizing feedbacks are critical for the provision of plant‐essential resources in drylands. Exogenous forces that break these stabilizing feedbacks can alter the state of the system, although such changes are potentially reversible if strong amplifying ecohydrological feedbacks do not develop. The case studies indicate that if amplifying ecohydrological feedbacks do develop, they are typically associated with abiotic processes such as runoff, erosion (by wind and water), and fire. These amplifying ecohydrological feedbacks progressively modify the system in ways that are long‐lasting and possibly irreversible on human timescales. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Voltammetric Determination of Trace Antiepileptic Gabapentin with a Silver‐Nanoparticle Modified Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Paste Electrode
Authors: Yari Abdollah , Papi Fatemeh , Farhadi Said 
Published: November 2011

AbstractFor the first time, a novel carbon nanotube bed electrode impregnated with silver–nanoparticles (AgNPs) for the determination of trace amounts of gabapentin (GBP) is described. We synthesized the AgNPs via a new procedure. The voltammetric behavior of the electrode was investigated by cyclic voltammetry. There were linear relationships in the ranges from 3.1×10−9 to 2.9×10−2 M and from 1.0×10−8 to 1.0×10−2 GBP with square wave and differential pulse voltammetric peak currents, respectively. The detection limits were 5.6×10−10 and 9.7×10−9 M, respectively. The electrode showed excellent response over a period of 2 months and was successfully applied in human plasma and pharmaceutical capsular products.
Analysis of Citrus essential oils: state of the art and future perspectives. A review.
Authors: Tranchida Peter Quinto , Bonaccorsi Ivana , Dugo Paola , Mondello Luigi , Dugo Giovanni 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTThe present paper provides descriptions and critical views of the most significant chromatography‐based methods, employed in the field of Citrus essential oils, mainly over the past decade. Both single‐column and multidimensional chromatography approaches are reported, with advantages and shortcomings of each method reported. The contribution reports compositions only marginally. For detailed information on the latter issue, the reader is directed to two books, namely Citrus and Citrus oils, referenced in the paper. A great deal of space is devoted to the use of the mass spectrometer, in relation to its potential for separation and identification. The employment of the most powerful chromatography techniques available today, namely comprehensive two‐dimensional ones, is also described. Finally, possible future scenarios in the field of Citrus essential oil analysis are anticipated. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Periodically reactivated context memory retains its precision and dependence on the hippocampus
Authors: de Oliveira Alvares Lucas , Einarsson Einar Örn , Santana Fabiana , Crestani Ana Paula , Haubrich Josué , Cassini Lindsey Freitas , Nader Karim , Quillfeldt Jorge Alberto 
Published: November 2011

AbstractHippocampus is hypothesized to play a temporary role in the retrieval of context memories. Similarly, previous studies have reported that the expression of context memories becomes more generalized as memory ages. We report, first, that contextual fear memory expression changes from being sensitive to dorsal hippocampus inactivation by muscimol at 2 days post‐conditioning, to insensitive at 28 days, and second, that over the same period rats lose their ability to discriminate between a novel and conditioned context. Furthermore, we show thatrepeated brief memory reactivation sessions prevent memory from becoming both hippocampus‐independent and generalized. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Statistically downscaled probabilistic multi‐model ensemble projections of precipitation change in a watershed
Authors: Hashmi Muhammad Z. , Shamseldin Asaad Y. , Melville Bruce W. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis paper presents the development of a probabilistic multi‐model ensemble of statistically downscaled future projections of precipitation of a watershed in New Zealand. Climate change research based on the point estimates of a single model is considered less reliable for decision making, and multiple realizations of a single model or outputs from multiple models are often preferred for such purposes. Similarly, a probabilistic approach is preferable over deterministic point estimates. In the area of statistical downscaling, no single technique is considered a universal solution. This is due to the fact that each of these techniques has some weaknesses, owing to its basic working principles. Moreover, watershed scale precipitation downscaling is quite challenging and is more prone to uncertainty issues than downscaling of other climatological variables. So, multi‐model statistical downscaling studies based on a probabilistic approach are required. In the current paper, results from the three well‐reputed statistical downscaling methods are used to develop a Bayesian weighted multi‐model ensemble. The three members of the downscaling ensemble of this study belong to the following three broad categories of statistical downscaling methods: (1) multiple linear regression, (2) multiple non‐linear regression, and (3) stochastic weather generator. The results obtained in this study show that the new strategy adopted here is promising because of many advantages it offers, e.g. it combines the outputs of multiple statistical downscaling methods, provides probabilistic downscaled climate change projections and enables the quantification of uncertainty in these projections. This will encourage any future attempts for combining the results of multiple statistical downscaling methods. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
pH‐ and temperature‐sensitive self‐assembly microcapsules/microparticles: Synthesis, characterization, in vitro cytotoxicity, and drug release properties
Authors: Ma Liwei , Liu Mingzhu , Shi Xiang 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA simple method was developed to prepare the microcapsules and microparticles as drug carriers. The drug‐loaded microcapsules and microparticles were prepared by self‐assembly of carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCTS) and carboxymethyl chitosan‐graft‐poly(N,N‐diethylacrylamide) (CMCTS‐g‐PDEA) in aqueous media under mild conditions. The preparation method did not involve any organic solvent and surfactant, and it could offer good control over the morphology and the size of self‐assemblies. Through adjusting the grafting percentage, nanosized drug‐delivery systems with different shapes, that is, microcapsules and microparticles, could be obtained. The grafting reaction was confirmed by comparing the FTIR spectra of CMCTS and the grafted copolymer, and the morphologies of the drug‐delivery systems were observed by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron micrograph. Preliminary characterization of the biocompatibility of these microgels was done by the cytotoxicity assays using the L02 human hepatic natural cell as probes. The in vitro bovine serum albumin (BSA) release behavior indicated that drug release rate and encapsulation efficiency depended upon pH value and nanoparticle structure. The release of BSA could be effectively sustained from both drug‐loaded microgels, which passed the qualitative cytotoxicity test and have no apparent cytotoxicity for the CMCTS‐g‐PDEA microgel self‐assembly. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 100B: 305–313, 2012.