bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Der zweifache Mord an Parmenion. Ein Beitrag zur Überlieferung über den Alexanderzug
Authors: Zahrnt Michael 
Published: October 2011

Zusammenfassung
Unsere Quellen zeichnen ein in sich widersprüchliches Bild von Parmenion: Zum einen schildern sie ihn als einen durchgehend loyalen General, dem der König vom Übergang über den Hellespont bis zur Übertragung eines übergeordneten Kommandos in Ekbatana vertraute und dem er immer wieder wichtige und ehrenvolle Aufgaben übertrug und zum anderen als einen Zauderer und Ignoranten, ja im Falle von Alexanders Erkrankung sogar als einen Intriganten, dessen Ratschläge im Falle ihrer Befolgung dem König hätten Schande bringen, seinen Ruhm verkleinern oder gar tödlich ausgehen können. In der Forschung werden derartige Vorwürfe häufig auf Kallisthenes zurückgeführt, doch läßt sich zeigen, daß sie erst nach Alexanders Tod erfunden wurden.
Messstand für die automatisierte Drehmomentermittlung fluidischer Soft-Rotationsantriebe
Authors: Rehr Jens , Ivlev Oleg 
Published: October 2011

Zusammenfassung
In direkter Interaktion mit Menschen zu Rehabilitations- und Assistenzzwecken bieten fluidische Soft-Aktuatoren auf Grund ihrer innewohnenden Nachgiebigkeit und ihres geringen Gewichts entscheidende Vorteile in Hinsicht auf die Sicherheit. Zur Ermittlung und Optimierung der Drehmomentcharakteristiken neuartiger Rotations-Aktuatoren wurde ein Messstand entwickelt, welcher das Drehmoment in Abhängigkeit von zugeführtem Druck und Stellwinkel automatisiert ermittelt.
Adaptive ortsaufgelöste Gaskonzentrationsmessung mit einer Mikrodrohne
Authors: Bartholmai Matthias , Neumann Patrick P. 
Published: October 2011

Zusammenfassung
Gasemissionen spielen in vielen Gefahrenszenarien eine entscheidende Rolle und können zu einer großen Gefahr für in der Nähe befindliche Personen werden. Die Untersuchung solcher Szenarien unter Ausschluss einer Personengefährdung war Zielsetzung eines Forschungsprojekts, in dem die Entwicklung und Validierung der ferngesteuerten Gaskonzentrationsmessung mit einer Mikrodrohne durchgeführt wurden.
Sizeable Increase of Kinetic Isotope Effects and Tunnelling in Coupled Electron–Proton Transfers in Presence of the Quaternary Ions. PCET Processes and Hydrogen Tunnelling as a “Probe” for Structuring and Dynamical Phenomena in Water Solution
Authors: Jakobušić Brala Cvijeta , Karković Ana , Sajenko Ivana , Pilepić Viktor , Uršić Stanko 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The presence of quaternary ammonium ions unexpectedly leads to a sizable increase of the kinetic isotope effects in the coupled electron–proton transfer (PCET) reaction of an ascorbate monoanion with the hexacyanoferrate(III) ions in water and this, in “neat” water over-the-barrier coupled electron–proton transfer interaction, entered into tunnelling regime in the presence of the quaternary ions. The kinetic isotope effect between ascorbate monoanion and its 2-OD derivative in the investigated reaction with hexacyanoferrate(III) increased from k
H/k
D=4.40(0.08) in the reaction in water (in the presence of 8 × 103 M NaCl) without the added quaternary ions, to k
H/k
D=10.08(0.07) in the presence of 1.0 M tetraethylammonium ion, to k
H/k
D=8.01(0.19) in the presence of 1.0 M of benzyltrimethyl ammonium ion and to k
H/k
D=7.25(0.02) in the presence of only 0.1 M of tetraethylammonium ion. In contrast, k
H/k
D=4.06(0.15) has been observed in presence of 0.1 M NaCl. The isotopic ratio of Arrhenius pre-factors A
H/A
D=0.16(0.01) has been obtained in the presence of only 0.1 M of tetraethylammonium ions and A
H/A
D=0.10(0.02) in the presence of 0.5 M of the ions. The corresponding observed value is A
H/A
D=0.23(0.02) in the presence of 0.5 M of benzyltrimethylammonium ions and A
H/A
D=0.35(0.06) in the presence of 0.5 M tetramethylammonium ions. The differences in the enthalpies of activation Δ Δ H‡ between D2O and H2O all are well beyond the semiclassical value of 5 .1 kJ/mol for the difference between zero-point energies E
o
D–E
o
H for dissociation of an O–H bond. The observed tunnelling phenomena point to a role of dynamics of the transition configuration of the PCET process, coupled with dynamics of hydrogen-bonded structures related to the solvent shell of the reactive configuration and its environment including the nearby quaternary ammonium ions.
Update on Meningiomas
Authors: Saraf Santosh , McCarthy Bridget J. , Villano J. Lee 
Published: October 2011

Abstract

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Evaluate patients with grade II and III meningiomas for possible implementation of adjuvant radiation therapy.Describe options of systemic treatment of refractory meningiomas with hydroxyurea, somatostatin analogues, or CAV multi-agent chemotherapy.
CME This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.com
Although meningiomas are the most common tumor in the central nervous system, their incidence, epidemiology, and clinical outcomes have historically been poorly defined. This has been attributed to their benign course, difficulty obtaining histologic diagnosis, and lack of uniform database registration. Their clinical behavior can range from a silent incidentaloma to a lethal tumor. Projections of an aging population should raise medical awareness of an expectant rise in the incidence of meningiomas. This disease increases with advancing age, has a female predilection, and exposure to ionizing radiation is associated with a higher risk for disease development. There have been minimal advances in treatment, except in radiation therapy. Although no U.S. Food and Drug Administration–approved systemic therapy exists, there are treatment options that include hydroxyurea and sandostatin. Currently, no molecularly targeted therapy has provided clinical benefit, although recurring molecular alterations are present and novel therapies are being investigated.
Contributions of Basal and Postprandial Hyperglycemia Over a Wide Range of A1C Levels Before and After Treatment Intensification in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Riddle Matthew , Umpierrez Guillermo , DiGenio Andres , Zhou Rong , Rosenstock Julio 
Published: October 2011

OBJECTIVE
To determine the relative contributions of basal hyperglycemia (BHG) versus postprandial hyperglycemia (PPHG) before and after treatment intensification in patients with glycated hemoglobin A1c (A1C) &gt;7.0% while on prior oral therapy.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Self-measured, plasma-referenced glucose profiles and A1C values were evaluated from participants in six studies comparing systematically titrated insulin glargine with an alternative regimen (adding basal, premixed, or prandial insulin, or increasing oral agents). Hyperglycemic exposure (&gt;100 mg/dL [5.6 mmol/L]) as a result of BHG versus PPHG was calculated.

RESULTS
On prior oral therapy, 1,699 participants (mean age 59 years, diabetes duration 9 years) had mean fasting plasma glucose (FPG) of 194 mg/dL (10.8 mmol/L), and mean A1C was 8.7%. BHG contributed an average of 76–80% to hyperglycemia over the observed range of baseline A1C levels. Adding basal insulin for 24 or 28 weeks lowered mean FPG to 117 mg/dL (6.5 mmol/L), A1C to 7.0%, and BHG contribution to 32–41%. Alternative regimens reduced FPG to 146 mg/dL (8.1 mmol/L), A1C to 7.1%, and the contribution of BHG to 64–71%. BHG contributions for patients with A1C averaging 7.6–7.7% were 76% at baseline and 34 and 68% after adding basal insulin or other therapies, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
When A1C is &gt;7.0% despite oral therapy, BHG routinely dominates exposure. Intensified therapy reduces A1C and changes this relationship, but BHG amenable to further intervention still accounts for one-third of total hyperglycemia after basal insulin treatment and two-thirds after alternative methods.
In Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction, the Impact of Hyperglycemia as a Risk Factor for Mortality Is Not Homogeneous Across Age-Groups
Authors: Nicolau José Carlos , Serrano Carlos Vicente , Giraldez Roberto Rocha , Baracioli Luciano Moreira , Moreira Humberto Graner , Lima Felipe , Franken Marcelo , Kalil Roberto , Ramires José Antonio Franchini , Giugliano Robert P. 
Published: October 2011

OBJECTIVE
To assess the impact of hyperglycemia in different age-groups of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A total of 2,027 patients with AMI were categorized into one of five age-groups: &lt;50 years (n = 301), ≥50 and &lt;60 (n = 477), ≥60 and &lt;70 (n = 545), ≥70 and &lt;80 (n = 495), and ≥80 years (n = 209). Hyperglycemia was defined as initial glucose ≥115 mg/dL.

RESULTS
The adjusted odds ratios for hyperglycemia predicting hospital mortality in groups 1–5 were, respectively, 7.57 (P = 0.004), 3.21 (P = 0.046), 3.50 (P = 0.003), 3.20 (P &lt; 0.001), and 2.16 (P = 0.021). The adjusted P values for correlation between glucose level (as a continuous variable) and mortality were 0.007, &lt;0.001, 0.043, &lt;0.001, and 0.064. The areas under the ROC curves (AUCs) were 0.785, 0.709, 0.657, 0.648, and 0.613. The AUC in group 1 was significantly higher than those in groups 3–5.

CONCLUSIONS
The impact of hyperglycemia as a risk factor for hospital mortality in AMI is more pronounced in younger patients.
Interrater and Intrarater Reliability of the Active Hip Abduction Test
Authors: Davis Alice M. , Bridge Patrick , Miller Jason , Nelson-Wong Erika 
Published: October 2011

Study Design Clinical measurement. Objectives To determine the interrater and intrarater reliability of the active hip abduction (AHAbd) test. Background The AHAbd test is used to assess lumbopelvic movement during a dynamic lower limb activity. The test has previously been shown to predict low back pain development during a prolonged standing exposure in previously asymptomatic individuals. As an observation-based assessment for which rater reliability has not been established, similar scoring on the test between clinicians is essential. Methods One hundred twenty-eight video clips of participants performing the AHAbd test were recorded. Sixteen practicing physical therapists scored test performance by viewing 20 preselected videos to establish interrater reliability. Fourteen of the 16 raters rescored the videos after a 3-week period to establish intrarater reliability. Demographic data were collected for all raters. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated for reliability statistics. Correlations were performed between demographic data and ICCs. Results Interrater reliability (ICC2,1) for the test using the 4-point scale was 0.70 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.56, 0.84) and 0.59 (95% CI: 0.43, 0.76) when the scale was dichotomized into positive/negative scores. Intrarater reliability (ICC3,1) was 0.74 on average. Demographic characteristics were not significantly associated with reliability scores. Conclusion Interrater and intrarater reliability for scoring of the AHAbd test by practicing clinicians was similar, regardless of experience level or practice setting. The AHAbd test can be considered to be a reliable observational tool. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011;41(12):953–960, Epub 25 October 2011. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.3684
Dynamic In Vivo Glenohumeral Kinematics During Scapular Plane Abduction in Healthy Shoulders
Authors: Matsuki Keisuke , Matsuki Kei O. , Yamaguchi Satoshi , Ochiai Nobuyasu , Sasho Takahisa , Sugaya Hiroyuki , Toyone Tomoaki , Wada Yuichi , Takahashi Kazuhisa , Banks Scott A. 
Published: October 2011

Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Objectives To measure superior/inferior translation and external rotation of the humerus relative to the scapula during scapular plane abduction using 3-D/2-D model image registration techniques. Background Kinematic changes in the glenohumeral joint, including excessive superior translation of the humeral head and inadequate external rotation of the humerus, are believed to be a possible cause of shoulder impingement. Although many researchers have analyzed glenohumeral kinematics with various methods, few articles have assessed dynamic in vivo glenohumeral motion. Methods Twelve healthy males with a mean age of 32 years (range, 27–36 years) were enrolled in this study. Fluoroscopic images of the dominant shoulder during scapular plane elevation were taken, and computed tomography-derived 3-D bone models were matched with the silhouette of the bones in the fluoroscopic images using 3-D/2-D model image registration techniques. The kinematics of the humerus relative to the scapula were determined using Euler angles. Results On average, there was 2.1 mm of initial humeral translation in the superior direction from the starting position to 105° of humeral elevation. Subsequently, an average of 0.9 mm of translation in the inferior direction occurred between 105° and maximum arm elevation. The average amount of external rotation of the humerus was 14° from the starting position to 60° of humeral elevation. The humerus then rotated internally an average 9° by the time the shoulder reached maximum elevation. These changes in superior/inferior translation and external/internal rotation were statistically significant (P<.001 and P = .001, respectively), based on 1-way repeated-measures analysis of variance. Conclusion The observed glenohumeral translations and rotations characterize healthy shoulder function and serve as a preliminary foundation for quantifying pathomechanics in the presence of glenohumeral joint disorders. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012;42(2):96–104, Epub 25 October 2011. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.3584
Learning Lumbar Spine Mobilization: The Effects of Frequency and Self-Control of Feedback
Authors: Sheaves Emma G. , Snodgrass Suzanne J. , Rivett Darren A. 
Published: October 2011

Study Design Controlled laboratory study, longitudinal. Objectives To investigate the effects of frequency and self-control of feedback on physiotherapy students learning lumbar spinal mobilization. Background Posterior-to-anterior mobilization is included in most physiotherapy curricula. However, force application varies between therapists and the optimal feedback for learning is unknown. Methods Sixty-two physiotherapy students were randomized to 3 feedback groups: constant (100% of practice trials), intermittent (33%), and self-controlled (varied according to student choice) feedback. Students performed 12 practice trials of grade II posterior-to-anterior mobilization to the third lumbar vertebra while receiving real-time feedback. The differences between students' force parameters (mean peak force [N], force amplitude [N], and oscillation frequency [Hz]) and those of a physiotherapist expert were compared between groups posttest and at a follow-up of 5 to 7 days using analysis of covariance. Students completed a survey regarding their perceptions of feedback. Results Students in the self-controlled group applied mean peak force (mean difference between student and expert, 6.7 N; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.4, 9.0) and force amplitude (6.3 N; 95% CI: 4.2, 8.4) that more closely matched the expert's than those applied by the constant group (13.7 N; 95% CI: 8.7, 18.6; P = .021, and 13.1 N; 95% CI: 8.9, 17.4; P = .028) at posttest, with similar results at follow-up for force amplitude only (self-controlled, 9.5 N; 95% CI: 5.8, 18.1; constant, 21.0 N; 95% CI: 13.3, 28.7; P = .018). There were no other significant differences. All students reported a better understanding of manual force application, but feedback preferences varied. Conclusion Self-controlled feedback appears to be more beneficial than constant feedback for students learning to apply forces during lumbar mobilization. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012;42(2):114–124, Epub 25 October 2011. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.3691
The Patient-Specific Functional Scale: Psychometrics, Clinimetrics, and Application as a Clinical Outcome Measure
Authors: Horn Katyana Kowalchuk , Jennings Sophie , Richardson Gillian , van Vliet Ditte , Hefford Cheryl , Abbott J. Haxby 
Published: October 2011

Study Design Systematic review of the literature. Objective To summarize peer-reviewed literature on the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the Patient-Specific Functional Scale (PSFS), and to identify its use as an outcome measure. Methods Searches were performed of several electronic databases from 1995 to May 2010. Studies included were published articles containing (1) primary research investigating the psychometric and clinimetrics of the PSFS or (2) the implementation of the PSFS as an outcome measure. We assessed the methodological quality of studies included in the first category. Results Two hundred forty-two articles published from 1994 to May 2010 were identified. Of these, 66 met the inclusion criteria for this review, with 13 reporting the measurement properties of the PSFS, 55 implementing the PSFS as an outcome measure, and 2 doing both of the above. The PSFS was reported to be valid, reliable, and responsive in populations with knee dysfunction, cervical radiculopathy, acute low back pain, mechanical low back pain, and neck dysfunction. The PSFS was found to be reliable and responsive in populations with chronic low back pain. The PSFS was also reported to be valid, reliable, or responsive in individuals with a limited number of acute, subacute, and chronic conditions. This review found that the PSFS is also being used as an outcome measure in many other conditions, despite a lack of published evidence supporting its validity in these conditions. Conclusion Although the use of the PSFS as an outcome measure is increasing in physiotherapy practice, there are gaps in the research literature regarding its validity, reliability, and responsiveness in many health conditions. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012;42(1):30–42, Epub 25 October 2011. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.3727
The dog as a preclinical model to evaluate interface morphology and micro-motion in cemented total knee replacement
Authors: Miller M. A. , Khorasani M. , Townsend K. L. , Allen M. J. , Mann K. A. 
Published: October 2011

SummaryObjectives: This study investigated cemented fixation of the tibial component from a canine total knee replacement preclinical model. The objective was to determine the local morphology at the material interfaces (implant, cement, bone) and the local relative micro-motion due to functional loading following in vivo service.Methods: Five skeletally mature research dogs underwent unilateral total knee replacement using a cemented implant system with a polyethylene (PE) monobloc tibial component. Use of the implanted limb was assessed by pressure-sensitive walkway analysis. At 60 weeks post-surgery, the animals were euthanatized and the tibia sectioned en bloc in the sagittal plane to create medial and lateral specimens. High resolution imaging was used to quantify the morphology under the tray and along the keel. Specimens were loaded to 50% body weight and micro-motions at the PE-cement and cement-bone interfaces were quantified.Results: There was significantly (p = 0.002) more cement-bone apposition and interdigitation along the central keel compared to the regions under the tray. Cavitary defects were associated with the perimeters of the implant (60 ± 25%). Interdigitation fraction was negatively correlated with cavitary defect fraction, cement crack fraction, and total micro-motion.Clinical significance: Achieving good inter-digitation of cement into subchondral bone beneath the tibial tray is associated with improved interface morphology and reduced micro-motion; features that could result in a reduced incidence of aseptic loosening. Multiple drill holes distributed over the cut tibial surface and adequate pressurization of the cement into the subchondral bone should improve fixation and reduce interface micro-motion and cavitary defects.
In vitro mechanical evaluation of a limited contact dynamic compression plate and hybrid carpal arthrodesis plate for canine pancarpal arthrodesis
Authors: Guillou R. P. , Demianiuk R. M. , Sinnott M. T. , Curcio K. , DeCamp C. E. , Haut R. C. , Déjardin L. M. 
Published: October 2011

SummaryObjective: To compare the mechanical properties of pancarpal arthrodesis (PCA) constructs stabilized at 20° of extension using either a 3.5 mm limited contact dynamic compression plate (LC-DCP) or a 3.5/2.7 mm hybrid plate (HP).Methods: Seven forelimb pairs were used from dogs of similar size. All soft tissues were removed except for supporting structures of the carpus and proximal metacarpal region. All plates were accurately bent to 20°, and then instrumented with two, 350Ω strain gauges applied at the level of the bend. Constructs were embedded in epoxy moulds then mounted onto a servo-hydraulic testing machine. Specimens were loaded for 10 cycles at 100N, 200N and 300N. Tenth cycle construct compliance (CC), maximum angular deformation (MAD), and peak plate strain (PPS) were compared using two-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student-Newman- Keuls post-hoc tests (p <0.05).Results: Regardless of load, CC was 29% to 33% smaller in the HP than the LC-DCP group (p <0.03). In each group, the CC significantly increased with increasing loads (p <0.02). Mean MAD was 19% to 22% less in HP than LC-DCP constructs, with significant differences seen at 200N and 300N loads. In both groups, MAD was significantly greater with increasing loads (p <0.02). In addition, PPS was 37% to 43% smaller for HP than LC-DCP.Clinical significance: The mechanical advantages of the HP over the LC-DCP make it a viable alternative for PCA. Smaller CC, MAD and PSS of the HP may reduce the risk of implant failure and postoperative morbidity following PCA.
Le traitement de la « dangerosité » en Belgique : internement et mise à la disposition du gouvernement
Authors: Mary Philippe , Kaminski Dan , Maes Eric , Vanhamme Françoise 
Published: October 2011

Depuis 1930, la Belgique dispose de deux mécanismes permettant soit l’allongement de certaines peines, soit l’indétermination de leur durée. Il s’agit, d’une part, de l’internement des délinquants anormaux et, d’autre part, de la mise à la disposition du gouvernement des récidivistes et délinquants d’habitude. En complément des autres présentations nationales du séminaire du GERN « Longues peines et peines indéfinies. Punir la dangerosité », l’objet de cette contribution est double : présenter le cadre normatif de ces mécanismes en en soulignant les grands enjeux tels qu’ils apparurent notamment dans les débats entre juristes et médecins ; juger de l’effectivité de ces mécanismes en examinant, tant que faire se peut, l’usage qui en a été fait.
Combined XPS and contact angle studies of flat and rough ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer films
Authors: Doganci M. D. , Cansoy C. E. , Ucar I. O. , Erbil H. Y. , Mielczarski E. , Mielczarski J.A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractFlat and rough thin films were prepared by dip coating using LDPE, PVAc, and EVA polymers containing 12–40% VA contents. Surface free energy of flat films was determined by measuring contact angles. Surface atomic composition was investigated by XPS at 0° and 60° take‐off angles. XPS results show that hydrophobic PE component was found to enrich at the near‐surface region for all EVA samples for a depth of ∼ 5 nm for both flat and rough surfaces, whereas hydrophilic VA component was enriched on the surface when VA < 18% for only at 10 nm depth. The difference between the XPS results of the flat and rough surfaces was not significant for EVA samples except EVA‐33 surface where the atomic oxygen content decreased 15–20% for rough surfaces. Contact angle hysteresis values for the rough samples were much larger than that of the flat samples for LDPE and EVA‐12 surfaces due to the presence of partial trapping of air pockets on these rough surfaces. A good agreement was obtained between surface concentration of atomic oxygen in the 5 nm outermost layer and γ surface free energy component especially for the samples having high VA contents. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012