bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heating system with vapour compressor heat pump and vertical U-tube ground heat exchanger
Authors: Hanuszkiewicz-Drapała Małgorzata , Składzień Jan 
Published: December 2010

Heating system with vapour compressor heat pump and vertical U-tube ground heat exchangerIn the paper a heating system with a vapour compressor heat pump and vertical U-tube ground heat exchanger for small residential house is considered. A mathematical model of the system: heated object - vapour compressor heat pump - ground heat exchanger is presented shortly. The system investigated is equipped, apart from the heat pump, with the additional conventional source of heat. The processes taking place in the analyzed system are of unsteady character. The model consists of three elements; the first containing the calculation model of the space to be heated, the second - the vertical U-tube ground heat exchanger with the adjoining area of the ground. The equations for the elements of vapour compressor heat pump form the third element of the general model. The period of one heating season is taken into consideration. The results of calculations for two variants of the ground heat exchanger are presented and compared. These results concern variable in time parameters at particular points of the system and energy consumption during the heating season. This paper presents the mutual influence of the ground heat exchanger subsystem, elements of vapour compressor heat pump and heated space.
On Noise Analysis of Oscillators Based on Statistical Mechanics
Authors: Thiessen Tina , Mathis Wolfgang 
Published: December 2010

On Noise Analysis of Oscillators Based on Statistical MechanicsIn this paper a new approach of thermal noise analysis of electronic oscillators is presented. Although nonlinear electronic oscillators are one of the most essential subcircuits in electronic systems typical design concepts for these oscillators are based on ideas of linear circuits. Because the functionality of oscillators depends on nonlinearities, advanced design methods are developed where nonlinearities are an integral part. Since low voltage oscillator concepts have to be developed in modern IC technologies there is a need to include at least thermal noise aspects into the design flow. For this reason we developed new physical descriptions of thermal noise in electronic oscillators where we use ideas from nonequilibrium statistical mechanics as well as the Langevin approach. We illustrate our concepts by some examples.
64 Channel ASIC for Neurobiology Experiments
Authors: Gryboś Paweł , Kmon Piotr , Szczygieł Robert , Żołądź Mirosław 
Published: December 2010

64 Channel ASIC for Neurobiology ExperimentsThis paper presents the design and measurements of 64 channel Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASIC) for recording signals in neurobiology experiments. The ASIC is designed in 180 nm technology and operates with ± 0.9 V supply voltage. Single readout channel is built of AC coupling circuit at the input and two amplifier stages. In order to reduce the number of output lines, the 64 analogue signals from readout channels are multiplexed to a single output by an analogue multiplexer. The gain of the single channel can be set either to 350 V/V or 700 V/V. The low and the high cut-off frequencies can be tuned in 9 ÷ 90 Hz and in the 1.6 ÷ 24 kHz range respectively. The input referred noise is 7 μV rms in the bandwidth 90 Hz - 1.6 kHz and 9 μV rms in the bandwidth 9 Hz - 24 kHz. The single channel consumes 200 μW of power and this together with other parameters make the chip suitable for recording neurobiology signals.
Fast Low Voltage Analog Four-Quadrant Multipliers Based on CMOS Inverters
Authors: Machowski Witold , Kuta Stanisław , Jasielski Jacek , Kołodziejski Wojciech 
Published: December 2010

Fast Low Voltage Analog Four-Quadrant Multipliers Based on CMOS InvertersThe paper presents quarter-square analog four-quadrant multipliers, based on proprietary architecture using four CMOS inverters. The most important upgrade on already published own circuit implementation is the use of the same inverter "core" of the circuit with completely redesigned auxiliary and steering blocks. Two variants of new driving peripherals are considered: one with differential pair, the second with CMOS inverters. The proposed circuit solutions are suitable for RF applications in communication systems due to simple architecture comprising building blocks with RF CMOS transistors having sufficiently large biasing currents. Postlayout simulation results done on the basis of 180nm CMOS UMC Foundry Design Kit are also presented.
A Study and Review of Self Managed Vehicular Networks
Authors: Agbinya Johnson , Navarrette Gina , Al-Ja'afreh Hanan 
Published: December 2010

A Study and Review of Self Managed Vehicular NetworksAn Intelligent transportation system (ITS) focuses on application of smart vehicles. The vehicles are equipped with significant computing, communicating and sensing capabilities to provide services to travelers or the goal of providing safety massages in emergency situations. Vehicular network may also be used for Internet access, inter-passengers communications and entertainment. To understand the behavior of such networks as well as to provide good services to the travelers many issues have to be managed, some of them are: call handover between vehicles in vehicular network, speed Vs capacity, security of call, network topology, and network fragmentation. In this paper we study such vehicular networks and explain these issues and the related work. Detailed study of practical node mobility models based on mobility states and the quality of practical links based on received signal strengths are used as inputs for system capacity studies. Experiments were run in Sydney based on drive tests with mobile terminals deployed on them. Then some new ideas for managing the vehicular networks are proposed.
Hysteresis Modeling Using a Preisach Operator
Authors: Bilski Adrian , Twardy Maciej 
Published: December 2010

Hysteresis Modeling Using a Preisach OperatorThe aim of this paper is to present the analysis and modeling of the hysteresis phenomenon using a Preisach operator. The fundamentals of parameterized hysteresis modeling are introduced, by utilizing three probability density functions. Then, the Preisach operator and its characteristics are defined. Subsequently, results of simulations obtained by means of the aforementioned functions are presented and compared to the ones obtained by other authors.
Advanced Photonic and Electronic Systems WILGA 2010
Authors: Romaniuk Ryszard 
Published: December 2010

Advanced Photonic and Electronic Systems WILGA 2010
SPIE - PSP WILGA Symposium gathers two times a year in January and in May new adepts of advanced photonic and electronic systems. The event is oriented on components and applications. WILGA Symposium on Photonics and Web Engineering is well known on the web for its devotion to "young research" promotion under the eminent sponsorship of international engineering associations like SPIE and IEEE. WILGA is supported by the most important national organizations like KEiT PAN and PSP-Photonics Society of Poland. The Symposium is organized since 1998 twice a year. It has gathered over 4000 young researchers and published over 2000 papers mainly internationally, including more than 1000 in 10 published so far volumes of Proc. SPIE. This paper is a digest of WILGA Symposium Series and WILGA 2010 summary.
Food Additives
Authors: Chaudhary Narendra Kumar 
Published: December 2010

Different types of food additives have been discussed. I have discussed the role of food additives to preserve nutritional values and to maintain desired consistency of the product. The antioxidants and antimicrobials food preservatives have also been studied. Keywords: food additives; preservatives; colorants; sweetenersDOI: 10.3126/bibechana.v6i0.3935BIBECHANA Vol. 6, March 2010 pp.22-26
Exorcistes américains : la Heritage Foundation, la guerre culturelle et la sauvegarde du mariage et des valeurs familiales traditionnelles
Authors: Gagnon Frédérick , Goulet-Cloutier Catherine 
Published: December 2010

Abstract: During the Republican Party's national convention in 1992, Pat Buchanan claimed that a “culture war” was raging in the United States. While Buchanan described this “war” as a “struggle for the soul of America,” we use the culture-war concept to refer to the efforts of various conservative political and social actors trying to protect US traditional values and to “exorcise” the liberal and secular “demons” of the United States. Accordingly, this paper focuses on one of these actors: the Heritage Foundation, a conservative think tank located in Washington, DC. Performing a postructuralist discursive analysis of various “texts” produced by three scholars from the Heritage about marriage, family values, and sexuality, the paper shows how these scholars strategically rely on certain words and expressions in their research in order to reach two political goals: (1) marginalize liberal views on the issues just mentioned; and (2) discipline Americans by leading them to embrace a traditional/conservative interpretation of US national identity.
Autoimmune Kidney Disease and Impaired Engulfment of Apoptotic Cells in Mice with Macrophage Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ or Retinoid X Receptor α Deficiency
Authors: Rőszer Tamás , Menéndez-Gutiérrez María P. , Lefterova Martina I. , Alameda Daniel , Núñez Vanessa , Lazar Mitchell A. , Fischer Thierry , Ricote Mercedes 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Autoimmune glomerulonephritis is a common manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In this study, we show that mice lacking macrophage expression of the heterodimeric nuclear receptors PPARγ or RXRα develop glomerulonephritis and autoantibodies to nuclear Ags, resembling the nephritis seen in SLE. These mice show deficiencies in phagocytosis and clearance of apoptotic cells, and they are unable to acquire an anti-inflammatory phenotype upon feeding of apoptotic cells, which is critical for the maintenance of self-tolerance. These results demonstrate that stimulation of PPARγ and RXRα in macrophages facilitates apoptotic cell engulfment, and they provide a potential strategy to avoid autoimmunity against dying cells and to attenuate SLE.
Orthogonal Matrices in Four-Space
Authors: MacDuffee C. C. 
Published: December 2010

Every proper orthogonal matrix A can be writtenwhere Q is a skew matrix [6], and conversely every such matrix A is orthogonal. It is also known that every proper orthogonal transformation in real Euclidean four-space may be characterized in term of quaternions [1, 3] by the equationdetermines with the origin a vector having the coordinates (XQ, XI, x2, x3). The relationship between these two representations was clearly shown by Murnaghan [5].
Generalized Vector Spaces. I.
Authors: Menger Karl 
Published: December 2010

During the last fifty years, the concept of the Euclidean space (an ndimensional coordinate space with a Pythagorean distance) has undergone various profound generalizations.Hilbert introduced the infinitely-dimensional Euclidean space whose points are infinite sequences of coordinates having from the origin, and thus from each other, finite Pythagorean distances.
On The Motion of Particles in General Relativity Theory
Authors: Einstein A. , Infeld L. 
Published: December 2010

The gravitational field manifests itself in the motion of bodies. Therefore the problem of determining the motion of such bodies from the field equations alone is of fundamental importance. This problem was solved for the first time some ten years ago and the equations of motion for two particles were then deduced [1]. A more general and simplified version of this problem was given shortly thereafter [2].Mr. Lewison pointed out to us, that from our approximation procedure, it does not follow that the field equations can be solved up to an arbitrarily high approximation. This is indeed true.
Old and New Results on Knots
Authors: Seifert Herbert , Threlfall William 
Published: December 2010

The theory of knots undertakes the task of giving a complete survey of all
existing knots. A solid mathematical foundation was not laid to this theory
until our century. A mathematician of the rank of Felix Klein thought it to
be nearly hopeless to treat knot problems with the same exactness as we are accustomed to from classical mathematics. We want to give here a short summary of the modern topological methods enabling us to approach the knot problem in a mathematical way.In order to exclude pathological knots, as for instance knots being entangled an infinite number of times, we will define a knot as a polygon lying in the space. In other words: a knot is a closed sequence of segments without double points. In Figure 1 some examples of knots are given in plane projection.
Enveloping Algebras of Semi-Simple Lie Algebras
Authors: Jacobson N. 
Published: December 2010

In a recent paper we studied systems of equations of the form(1)(2)where as usual [a,b] =ab—baandϕ(λ) is a polynomial. Equations of this type have arisen in quantum mechanics. In our paper we gave a method of determining the matrix solutions of such equations. The starting point of our discussion was the observation that if the elementsxisatisfy (1) then the elementsxi, [xj,xk] satisfy the multiplication table of a certain basis of the Lie algebraof skew symmetric (n+ 1) ⨯ (n+ 1) matrices. We proved that if (2) is imposed as an added condition, then the algebra generated by thehas a finite basis, and we obtained the structure of the most general associative algebra that is generated in this way.
Unified Field Theory
Authors: Wyman Max 
Published: December 2010

Introduction. In a recent unified theory originated by Einstein and Straus [l], the gravitational and electromagnetic fields are represented by a single nonsymmetric tensor gy which is a function of four coordinates xr(r = 1, 2, 3, 4). In addition a non-symmetric linear connection Γjki is assumed for the space and a Hamiltonian function is defined in terms of gij and Γjki. By means of a variational principle in which the gij and Γjki are allowed to vary independently the field equations are obtained and can be written(0.1)(0.2)(0.3)(0.4)
Axiomatique Des Lattices Distributives
Authors: Croisot R. 
Published: December 2010

Cette note a pour principal objet de répondre à deux questions posées par G.
Birkhoff.
Théorème 1. Les lattices distributives avec O et I sont exactement les
systèmes algébriques avec une opération ternaire (a, b, c) et des éléments O et I
tels que:
(1.1) (O, a, I) =
a,
(1.2) (a, b, a) =
a,
(1.3) (d, (a, b, c),
e) = (b, (c,
d, e), (a, d, e)).
Extension of Coverings, of Pseudometrics, and of
Linear-Space-Valued Mappings
Authors: Arens Richard 
Published: December 2010

Let A be a closed subset of a topological space. We show that the following
three conditions are equivalent.1.1 Any countable neighbourhood-finite open covering of A
(the topological terms referring to the relative topology of A) has
a refinement which can be extended to be a countable neighbourhood-finite
open covering of X.
A Theorem on Rings
Authors: Herstein I. N. 
Published: December 2010

In a recent paper, Kaplansky [2] proved the following theorem: Let R be a
ring with centre Z, and such that xn(x) ∈ Z for every x∈ R. If R,
in addition, is semi-simple then it is also commutativeThe existence of non-commutative rings in which every element is nilpotent
rules out the possibility of extending this result to all rings. One might
hope, however, that if R is such that xn(x) ∈ Z for all x ∈ R and
the nilpotent elements of R are reasonably “well-behaved,” then Kaplansky's
theorem should be true without the restriction of semi-simplicity.
Points and Spaces
Authors: Brouwer L. E. J. 
Published: December 2010

The gradual disengagement of mathematics from logic. Beginning with a historical review of the development of mathematical thought, we have to consider successively (cf. 10, pp. 139-140):(1) The observational period. For some familiar regularities of (outer or inner) experience of time and space, which, to any attainable degree of approximation, seemed invariable, absolute and sure invariability was postulated. These regularities were called axioms and were put into language. Thereupon extensive systems of properties were developed from the linguistic substratum of the axioms by means of reasoning, guided by experience but linguistically following and using the principles of classical logic. This logic was considered autonomous, and mathematics was considered more or less dependent on logic.
Parallel Curves
Authors: Henderson G. P. 
Published: December 2010

In the Euclidean plane a curve C has a one-parameter family of parallel involutes and a unique evolute C* which coincides with the locus of the centres of the osculating circles of C. If is parallel to C, C* is also the evolute of . We will study parallel curves in n-dimensional Euclidean space and obtain generalizations of the properties given above.We will study parallel curves in n-dimensional Euclidean space and obtain generalizations of the properties given above.
Complexes in Abelian Groups
Authors: Scherk Peter , Kemperman J. H. B. 
Published: December 2010

Let G be an abelian group of order [G] ≤ ∞. Let A = {a}, B = {b}, … denote non-empty finite complexes in G. Let [A] be the number of elements of A. Finally putA + B = {a + b}.
On Sums of Sets of Integers
Authors: Kemperman J. H. B. , Scherk Peter 
Published: December 2010

Small italics denote integers. Let A, B, … be sets of non-negative integers. Let A (h) be the number of positive integers in A that are not greater than h. Finally let A + B denote the set of all integers of the form a + b where a ⊂ A, b ⊂ B. The following result is implicitly contained in Mann's Proposition 11 (4):Theorem 1. Let n > 0 and(1.1) 0⊂4, 0⊂B, n⊄C = A + B.
On Cyclotomic Numbers of Order Sixteen
Authors: Lehmer Emma 
Published: December 2010

It has been shown by Dickson (1) that if (i, j)8 is the number of solutions of (mod p),then 64(i,j)8 is expressible for each i,j, as a linear combination with integer
coefficients of p, x, y, a, and b where,anda ≡ b ≡ 1 (mod 4),while the sign of y and b depends on the choice of the primitive root g. There are actually four sets of such formulas depending on whether p is of the form 16n + 1 or 16n + 9 and whether 2 is a quartic residue or not.
An Expansion Theorem for a Pair of Singular First Order Equations
Authors: Conte S. D. , Sangren W. C. 
Published: December 2010

Titchmarsh (4) has shown how the classical method of
complex variables can be used to obtain expansion theorems for the singular
cases of the second order equation(1) .The purpose of this paper is to indicate how these results can be generalized
to the singular cases of the pair of first order equations,
On Regions Omitted By Univalent Functions II
Authors: Goodman A. W. , Reich E. 
Published: December 2010

1. Introduction. Let S denote the family of functions f(z) regular and univalent in ∣z∣ < 1, with the expansion f(z) = z + a2z2 + … about z = 0, and let Af denote the area of the intersection of the open circle ∣ω∣ < 1 with Df, the image of ∣z∣ < 1 under f(z). A few years ago one of the authors (1) proved that if1then2.
Generalized Matrix Algebras
Authors: Brown W. P. 
Published: December 2010

The algebras considered here arose in the investigation of an algebra connected with the orthogonal group. We consider an algebra of dimension mn over a field K of characteristic zero, and possessing a basis {eij} (1 ≤ i ≤ m; 1 ≤ j ≤ n) with the multiplication property1,The field elements ϕij form a matrix Φ = (ϕij) of order n × m. It will be called the multiplication matrix of the algebra relative to the basis {ϕij}.
The Propagation Of a Plane Shock Into a Quiet Atmosphere II
Authors: Martin M. H. 
Published: December 2010

1. Introduction. In a previous paper (3) the study of one-dimensional, unsteady flows, isentropic or anisentropic, was reduced to the integration of a Monge-Ampère partial differential equation(1)For a polytropic gas, the specific volume(2) ,takes the form,once the entropy distribution function S = S(Ψ) is specified.
An Inhomogeneous Minimum For Non-Convex Star-Regions With Hexagonal Symmetry
Authors: Bambah R. P. , Rogers K. 
Published: December 2010

1. Introduction. Several authors have proved theorems of the following
type:Let x0, y0 be any real numbers. Then for certain functions f(x, y), there exist numbers x, y such that1.1 x ≡ x0, y ≡ y0 (mod 1),and1.2 .The first result of this type, but with replaced by min , was given by Barnes (3) for the case when the function is an indefinite binary quadratic form. A generalisation of this was proved by elementary
geometry by K. Rogers (6).
The Normalizer Of Certain Modular Subgroups
Authors: Newman Morris 
Published: December 2010

Introduction. Let G denote the multiplicative group of matriceswhere a, b, c, d are integers and ad — bc = 1. G is one of the well-known modular groups. Let G0(n) denote the subgroup of G characterized by c ≡ 0 (mod n), where n is a positive integer. In this note we determine the normalizer
of G0(n) in G, denoted by .
A Condition For Existence Of Moments Of Infinitely Divisible Distributions
Authors: Shapiro J. M. 
Published: December 2010

Let F(x) be an infinitely divisible distribution and let ϕ(t) be its characteristic function. As is well known according to the formula of Lévy and Khintchine, ϕ(t) has the following representation:1where γ is a real constant and G(u) is a bounded nondecreasing function.
Some Algebraic Properties Of Asymptotic Power Series
Authors: Hull T. E. 
Published: December 2010

1. Introduction. Let us consider all power series of the formIt was shown first by Borel (1) that to each such series there corresponds a non-empty class of functions such that each function in the class has the given series as its asymptotic expansion about z = 0, the expansion being valid in a sector of the right half z-plane with vertex at the origin.
Orthogonal Isomorphic Representations Of Free Groups
Authors: De Groot J. 
Published: December 2010

1. Introduction. We consider the group of proper orthogonal transformations
(rotations) in three-dimensional Euclidean space, represented by real orthogonal matrices (aik) (i, k = 1,2,3) with determinant + 1 . It is known that this rotation group contains free (non-abelian) subgroups; in fact Hausdorff (5) showed how to find two rotations P and Q generating a group with only two non-trivial relationsP2 = Q3 = I.
On Some Polynomials Of Touchard
Authors: Wyman Max , Moser Leo 
Published: December 2010

In the preceding paper Touchard considers a set of polynomials Qn(x) defined by1.Touchard uses (1) to compute Qn(x) for 0 ≤ n ≤ 9 and also finds Qn(-½).He remarks however “l'expression générale des polynômes Qn(x) nous echappe.”The object of this note is to derive an explicit expression for Qn(x).
Standard and Accessible Rings
Authors: Kleinfeld Erwin 
Published: December 2010

1. Introduction. A ring is defined to be standard (1) in case the following
two identities hold :(1) (wx, y, z) + (xz, y, w) + (wz, y, x) = 0,(2) (x, y, z) + (z, x, y) − (x, z, y) = 0,where the associator (x, y, z) is defined by (x, y, z) = (xy)z − x(yz). Albert has determined the structure of finite-dimensional, standard algebras (1).The simple ones turn out to be either Jordan algebras or associative ones.
Resolvents Of Certain Linear Groups In a Finite Field
Authors: Carlitz L. 
Published: December 2010

Let Fq = GF(q) denote the finite field of order
q = pn, where p is a prime. Consider the group Γ of linear transformations(1.1) x' = (ax + b)//(cx + d)with coefficients a, b, c, d ∊ Fq and of determinant 1. The order of Γ is
½q(q2 − 1) or q(q2 − 1) according as q is odd or even, i.e., according as p > 2 or p = 2.
Some Global Theorems on Hypersurfaces
Authors: Hsiung Chuan-Chih 
Published: December 2010

The purpose of this paper is to establish the following theorems, which were
obtained by Hopf and Voss in their joint paper (2) for the case where
n = 2.THEOREM 1. Let Vn, V*n be two closed
orientable hyper surfaces twice differ entiably imbedded in a Euclidean
space En+l of dimension n + 1 ≥ 3.