bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Immobilization of Bioactives During 3D Powder Printing of Bioceramic Drug‐Release Matrices
Authors: Vorndran Elke , Klammert Uwe , Ewald Andrea , Barralet Jake E. , Gbureck Uwe 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe combination of a degradable bioceramic scaffold and a drug‐delivery system in a single low temperature fabrication step is attractive for the reconstruction of bone defects. The production of calcium phosphate scaffolds by a multijet 3D printing system enables localized deposition of biologically active drugs and proteins with a spatial resolution of approximately 300 µm. In addition, homogeneous or localized polymer incorporation during printing with HPMC or chitosan hydrochloride allows the drug release kinetics to be retarded from first to zero order over a period of 3–4 days with release rates in the range 0.68%–0.96% h−1. The reduction in biological activity of vancomycin, heparin, and rhBMP‐2 following spraying through the ink jet nozzles is between 1% and 18%. For vancomycin, a further loss of biological activity following incorporation into a cement and subsequent in vitro release is 11%. While previously acknowledged as theoretically feasible, is its shown for the first time that bone grafts with simultaneous geometry, localized organic bioactive loading, and localized diffusion control are a physical reality. This breakthrough offers a new future for patients by providing the required material function to match patient bone health status, site of repair, and age.
Regioselective and Enantioselective Hydroformylation of Dialkylacrylamides
Authors: Noonan Gary M. , Newton David , Cobley Christopher J. , Suárez Andrés , Pizzano Antonio , Clarke Matthew L. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDimethylacrylamide can be hydroformylated with very high chemo‐ and regioselectivity. Asymmetric hydroformylation of this substrate is possible, provided steps are taken to minimise racemisation of the aldehyde products, and this work demonstrates the effect of various conditions and variables on racemisation. Using the Landis diazaphospholane ligands up to 68% ee can be realised under very mild conditions. Other dialkylacrylamides were also hydroformylated under mild conditions giving similar or better enantioselectivities, including the Weinreb amide of acrylic acid (71% ee), and the asymmetric hydroformylation of diethylacrylamide producing the chiral aldehyde with up to 82% ee.
Iron‐Catalyzed Oppenauer‐Type Oxidation of Alcohols
Authors: Coleman Michael G. , Brown Alec N. , Bolton Brett A. , Guan Hairong 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA (hydroxycyclopentadienyl)iron dicarbonyl hydride catalyzes the Oppenauer‐type oxidation of alcohols with acetone as the hydrogen acceptor. Many functional groups are tolerant to the oxidation conditions. The same complex also catalyzes the dehydrogenation of diols to lactones. A mechanism involving the formation of iron‐alcohol complexes and their rapid ligand exchange with free alcohols is proposed. The trimethylsilyl groups on the cyclopentadienyl ligand of the catalyst play a critical role in stabilizing the iron hydride and increasing the catalyst lifetime.
An assessment of consumer preference for fair trade coffee in Toronto and Vancouver
Authors: Cranfield John , Henson Spencer , Northey James , Masakure Oliver 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn this article, the authors use conjoint analysis to elicit the views of coffee consumers on the attributes of Fair Trade coffee using data from the Greater Toronto Area and Vancouver collected through face‐to‐face interviews with consumers. The impact of socioeconomic and demographic factors on respondents' acceptance of Fair Trade coffee is evaluated using cluster analysis and multinomial logit models. The results suggest that, regardless of location, consumers place a strong premium on price and labeling claims. Three consumer segments are identified in each city; in Toronto, these segments are labeled Fair Trade‐Focused, Price Conscious, and Balanced Buyers; for Vancouver these segments are labeled Organic and Fair Trade‐Focused, Price Conscious, and Balanced Buyers. Although a broad spectrum of variables influences segment membership, no single variable explains membership in the same segment in each city. Such a result is rather telling; it suggests deeper constructs underlie segment membership, and presumably consumption behavior with respect to Fair Trade coffee. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Common recurrent microduplication syndromes: Diagnosis and management in clinical practice
Authors: Berg Jonathan S. , Potocki Lorraine , Bacino Carlos A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDetails on the phenotypic consequences of genomic microdeletions and microduplications are rapidly emerging in the wake of increased utilization of high‐resolution methods for the detection of genomic copy number variants (CNVs). Due to their recent discovery, the complete phenotypic characterization of these syndromes is still in progress. For practicing clinicians, this unprecedented molecular diagnostic capability has in many cases outpaced our ability to convey conclusive information regarding these conditions to patients and family members. In particular, genomic microduplication syndromes are frequently associated with variable phenotypes and incomplete penetrance, leading to difficulty in counseling regarding the potential future consequences of a given microduplication. In this review, we have attempted to provide an initial set of recommendations for the management of patients with recurrent microduplication syndromes. We summarize the clinical information for microduplications of 14 different genomic regions and provide a framework for clinical evaluation and anticipatory guidance in these conditions. It is our expectation that these preliminary guidelines will be revised further for each microduplication syndrome as more information becomes available. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Introductory comments on special section—Genomic microduplications: When adding may equal subtracting
Authors: Bacino Carlos A. , Cheung Sau‐Wai 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe clinical implementation of array‐based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) has allowed detection of copy number variations (CNVs) from megabases in size to those involving only a single exon. One major challenge that followed the clinical implementation of array CGH technology has been the interpretation of CNVs whose clinical significance can be elusive. The copy number gains resulting from genomic rearrangements are often more difficult to interpret than the copy number losses. Some of the CNV gains can be pathogenic, while others can be unrelated to disease since CNVs are often polymorphic in the normal population. The challenge faced by clinicians is how to differentiate between the disease causing CNVs and the nonpathogenic polymorphisms. Therefore, it is critical to systematically collect phenotypic information associated with CNVs and deposit it in searchable and publicly accessible databases. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Long‐term field studies: positive impacts and unintended consequences
Authors: Strier Karen B. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractLong‐term field studies of wild primates can have far‐reaching impacts that transcend their contributions to science. These impacts can benefit not only the study animals, study areas, and local human communities, but they can also have unintended, potentially negative consequences. Examples of some of the positive impacts from the Northern Muriqui Project of Caratinga, in Minas Gerais, Brazil, include contributions to conservation efforts on behalf of this critically endangered species, capacity building through the training of Brazilian students, and employment opportunities for local people through our collaboration with a locally administered NGO that is facilitating ecotourism, education, and reforestation programs. Some concerns about unintended consequences of the research include the effects of our trails and trail traffic on surrounding vegetation and other aspects of the environmental “footprints” that both long‐term researchers and short‐term visitors may leave. In addition, although precautions against potential health risks from routine exposure to human observers are now standard protocol, little is known about the other ways in which our long‐term research presence can affect the primates' experiences or alter their perceptions of their social and ecological environments. Risk analysis, which weighs both the positive and negative impacts can provide useful perspectives for addressing the ethical considerations that can arise during long‐term field studies. Am. J. Primatol. 72:772–778, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Residual tumor cells are unique cellular targets in glioblastoma
Authors: Glas Martin , Rath Barbara H. , Simon Matthias , Reinartz Roman , Schramme Anja , Trageser Daniel , Eisenreich Ramona , Leinhaas Anke , Keller Mihaela , Schildhaus Hans‐Ulrich , Garbe Stephan , Steinfarz Barbara , Pietsch Torsten , Steindler Dennis A. , Schramm Johannes , Herrlinger Ulrich , Brüstle Oliver , Scheffler Björn 
Published: April 2010

AbstractResidual tumor cells remain beyond the margins of every glioblastoma (GBM) resection. Their resistance to postsurgical therapy is considered a major driving force of mortality, but their biology remains largely uncharacterized. In this study, residual tumor cells were derived via experimental biopsy of the resection margin after standard neurosurgery for direct comparison with samples from the routinely resected tumor tissue. In vitro analysis of proliferation, invasion, stem cell qualities, GBM‐typical antigens, genotypes, and in vitro drug and irradiation challenge studies revealed these cells as unique entities. Our findings suggest a need for characterization of residual tumor cells to optimize diagnosis and treatment of GBM. ANN NEUROL 2010;68:264–269
Higher 25‐hydroxyvitamin D is associated with lower relapse risk in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Simpson Steve , Taylor Bruce , Blizzard Leigh , Ponsonby Anne‐Louise , Pittas Fotini , Tremlett Helen , Dwyer Terence , Gies Peter , van der Mei Ingrid 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectiveA protective association between higher vitamin D levels and the onset of multiple sclerosis (MS) has been demonstrated; however, its role in modulating MS clinical course has been little studied. We investigated whether higher levels of serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25‐OH‐D) were associated with a lower risk of relapses in people with MS.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study of 145 participants with relapsing‐remitting MS from 2002 to 2005. Serum 25‐OH‐D levels were measured biannually, and the hazard of relapse was assessed using survival analysis.ResultsThere was an inverse linear relationship between 25‐OH‐D levels and the hazard of relapse over the subsequent 6 months, with hazard ratio (HR) 0.91 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.85–0.97) per 10nmol/l increase in 25‐OH‐D level (p= 0.006). When variation due to timing of blood collection was removed by estimating 25‐OH‐D at the start of each season, this association persisted, with HR 0.90 (95% CI, 0.83–0.98) per 10nmol/l increase (p= 0.016). Taking into account the biological half‐life of 25‐OH‐D, we estimated 25‐OH‐D at monthly intervals, resulting in a slightly enhanced association, with HR 0.88 (95% CI, 0.82–0.95) per 10nmol/l increase (p= 0.001). Adjusting for potential confounders did not alter these findings.InterpretationIn this prospective population‐based cohort study, in a cohort largely on immunomodulatory therapy, higher 25‐OH‐D levels were associated with a reduced hazard of relapse. This occurred in a dose‐dependent linear fashion, with each 10nmol/l increase in 25‐OH‐D resulting in up to a 12% reduction in risk of relapse. Clinically, raising 25‐OH‐D levels by 50nmol/l could halve the hazard of a relapse. ANN NEUROL 2010;68:193–203
Strong signature of the active Sun in 100 years of terrestrial insolation data
Authors: Weber W. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractTerrestrial solar irradiance data of the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory from 1905 to 1954 and of Mauna Loa Observatory from 1958 to 2008 are analyzed. The analysis shows that, with changing solar activity, the atmosphere modifies the solar irradiance on the percentage level, in all likelihood via cosmic ray intensity variations produced by the active sun. The analysis strongly suggests that cosmic rays cause a large part of the atmospheric aerosols. These aerosols show specific absorption and scattering properties due to an inner structure of hydrated ionic centers, most probably of O2‐ and O2+ produced by the cosmic rays.
Zeolithe mit sehr großen Poren als Bindeglied zwischen mikro‐ und mesoporösen Strukturen
Authors: Jiang Jiuxing , Yu Jihong , Corma Avelino 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn diesem Aufsatz wird untersucht, welche Bedingungen für die Synthese von Zeolithen mit niedriger Gerüstdichte und sehr großen Poren erforderlich sind. Korrelationen zwischen der Gerüststabilität und geometrischen und topologischen Deskriptoren werden vorgestellt, wobei vor allem der Einfluss des Synthesemechanismus, des strukturdirigierenden Reagens, der Gerüstatome und der Gelkonzentration betrachtet wird. Ebenfalls diskutiert werden die katalytischen und Adsorptionseigenschaften von Zeolithen mit sehr großen Poren, z. B. dem erst kürzlich entdeckten chiralen mesoporösen ITQ‐37. Schließlich werden Strategien für die gezielte Synthese von Zeolithen mit Porengrößen und ‐formen vorgeschlagen, die diesen bestimmte katalytische und Adsorptionseigenschaften verleihen sollen.
Extra‐Large‐Pore Zeolites: Bridging the Gap between Micro and Mesoporous Structures
Authors: Jiang Jiuxing , Yu Jihong , Corma Avelino 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe conditions required to produce zeolites with low framework density and extra‐large pores are discussed. Correlations between framework stability and geometrical and topological descriptors are presented. An attempt has been made to rationalize the synthesis of extra‐large‐pore zeolites in terms of the synthesis mechanism, the directing effect of the organic structure directing agent (OSDA), the framework atoms, and the gel concentration. Extra‐large‐pore zeolites, including the recently discovered chiral mesoporous ITQ‐37, are described and their catalytic and adsorption properties discussed. Finally, strategies are presented for the preparation of extra‐large‐pore zeolites with different pore topologies that can fulfill pre‐established catalytic and adsorption targets.
Electrospun ultrafine composite fibers from organic‐soluble chitosan and poly(ethylene oxide)
Authors: Chang Wenkai , Ma Guiping , Yang Dongzhi , Su Dandan , Song Guoqiang , Nie Jun 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe ultrafine composite fibers had been successfully achieved by electrospinning of chloroform solutions of octadecyl chitosan (O‐CS) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). The ultrafine composite fibers membranes were subjected to detailed analysis by Fourier‐transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and water contact angle (WCA). The FTIR results confirmed that ultrafine composite fibers contained the two polymers. The SEM images showed that the morphology and diameter of the composite fibers were mainly affected by the weight ratio of O‐CS/PEO, the electric field strength, and the collection distance. The WCA data demonstrated that the composite fibers membranes performed a quite hydrophobic character. The special morphology of neck and porous structure was observed experimentally during electrospinning. The neck structure was due to the fibers elongated in the direction of stretching through the electric field, and the porous structure was decided by the competition between the phase separation and the fast evaporation rate of chloroform. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Synthesis, spectral, thermal, and chelation potentials of polymeric hydrazone based on 2,4‐dihydroxy benzophenone
Authors: Sankar R. , Vijayalakshmi S. , Rajagopan S. , Kaliyappan T. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA chelating polymer, poly(2,4‐dihydroxy benzophenone hydrazone–formaldehyde) [poly(DHBPH–F)], was synthesized by the polycondensation of 2,4‐dihydroxy benzophenone hydrazone with formaldehyde in the presence of oxalic acid as a catalyst. Poly(DHBPH–F) was characterized by Fourier transform infrared and 1H‐NMR spectral data. The molecular weight of the polymer was determined by gel permeation chromatography. Polychelates were obtained when the dimethylformamide solution of the polymer containing a few drops of ammonia was treated with an aqueous solution of metal ions. Elemental analysis of the polychelates indicated that the metal–ligand ratio was 1 : 2. The IR spectra of the polymer–metal complexes suggested that the metals were coordinated through the oxygen of the phenolicOH group and the nitrogen of the azomethine group. The electron paramagnetic resonance and magnetic moment data indicated a square planar configuration for Cu(II) chelate and an octahedral structure for Ni(II) chelate. The thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and X‐ray diffraction data indicated that the incorporation of the metal ions significantly enhanced the degree of crystallinity. The polymerization initiation, electrical conductivity, and catalytic activity of the polychelates are discussed. Heavy‐metal ions [viz., Cu(II) and Ni(II)] were removed with this formaldehyde resin, and the metal‐ion uptake efficiency at different pH's, the nature and concentration of the electrolyte, and the reusability of the resin were also studied. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Synthesis, characterizations, and mechanical properties of structurally modified poly(vinyl alcohol)
Authors: Anbarasan R. , Pandiarajaguru R. , Prabhu R. , Dhanalakshmi V. , Jayalakshmi A. , Dhanalakshmi B. , Nisha S. Ulfath , Gandhi S. , Jayalakshmi T. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPoly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) was structurally modified with two different types of chemicals under nitrogen atmosphere in the presence of Sb2O3 as a catalyst at 80°C in an aqueous medium. An FTIR and NMR spectrum confirmed the structural modification of PVA. DSC and TGA counseled the thermal properties of structurally modified PVA. Urea modified PVA exhibited higher mechanical strength than the pristine PVA. The FTIR‐relative intensities of olefin formation and ketone formation were increased with the increase of weight of water. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Fabrication of electrospun eggshell membrane nanofibers by treatment with catechin
Authors: Kang Jian , Kotaki Masaya , Okubayashi Satoko , Sukigara Sachiko 
Published: April 2010

AbstractOptimum processing conditions for the electrospinning of water‐soluble eggshell membrane (S‐ESM) were investigated. Two biocompatible polymers, poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), were used to improve the processability of S‐ESM for electrospinning in aqueous media. Uniform nanofibers with average diameters of 240 and 335 nm were successfully electrospun for blend ratios at S‐ESM/PEO = 95 : 5 and S‐ESM/PVA = 60 : 40 with a solutes concentration of 20 and 18 wt %, respectively. Insoluble S‐ESM/PEO and S‐ESM/PVA fibers were achieved after treatment with catechin and required no toxic or synthetic additives. FTIR spectra indicated that the hydrogen bond formed between S‐ESM and catechin was the main interaction that improved the insolubility of S‐ESM/PEO and S‐ESM/PVA nanofibers in water. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Dynamic processes of the photoinduced birefringence of two novel azobenzene‐functionalized polymers
Authors: Pei Songhao , Chen Xingbo , Jiang Zhenhua , Peng Weixian 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe growth and decay processes of optically induced birefringence in two novel azobenzene compounds [one was a hyperbranched poly(aryl ether) containing azobenzene groups, and the other was a hydrogen‐bonded complex] were studied. The temperature dependence of the birefringence signal was investigated. The curves for the buildup and decay of birefringence fit well to biexponential functions. The dependence of the fitting parameters on the temperature is also discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Intrinsic brain connectivity in fibromyalgia is associated with chronic pain intensity
Authors: Napadow Vitaly , LaCount Lauren , Park Kyungmo , As‐Sanie Sawsan , Clauw Daniel J. , Harris Richard E. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectiveFibromyalgia (FM) is considered to be the prototypical central chronic pain syndrome and is associated with widespread pain that fluctuates spontaneously. Multiple studies have demonstrated altered brain activity in these patients. The objective of this study was to investigate the degree of connectivity between multiple brain networks in patients with FM, as well as how activity in these networks correlates with the level of spontaneous pain.MethodsResting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) data from 18 patients with FM and 18 age‐matched healthy control subjects were analyzed using dual‐regression independent components analysis, which is a data‐driven approach for the identification of independent brain networks. Intrinsic, or resting‐state, connectivity was evaluated in multiple brain networks: the default mode network (DMN), the executive attention network (EAN), and the medial visual network (MVN), with the MVN serving as a negative control. Spontaneous pain levels were also analyzed for covariance with intrinsic connectivity.ResultsPatients with FM had greater connectivity within the DMN and right EAN (corrected P [Pcorr] < 0.05 versus controls), and greater connectivity between the DMN and the insular cortex, which is a brain region known to process evoked pain. Furthermore, greater intensity of spontaneous pain at the time of the FMRI scan correlated with greater intrinsic connectivity between the insula and both the DMN and right EAN (Pcorr < 0.05).ConclusionThese findings indicate that resting brain activity within multiple networks is associated with spontaneous clinical pain in patients with FM. These findings may also have broader implications for how subjective experiences such as pain arise from a complex interplay among multiple brain networks.
Colored timed Petri nets for modeling and analysis of cluser tools
Authors: Wu NaiQi , Zhou MengChu 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn this paper, a colored timed resource‐oriented Petri net (CTROPN) is developed to model the cluster tools in semiconductor fabrication. It is structurally simple and concise, since each module in a cluster tool corresponds to a unique place in CTROPN. It is also powerful in modeling the qualitative and temporal behavior of the cluster tools with a single‐blade or dual‐blade robot. The initial transient behavior, steady‐state behavior and the final transient behavior can all be investigated through a single model. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Krämerbrücke in Erfurt — Bauwerksgeschichte und Instandsetzung der Gewölbetragkonstruktion in den Jahren 1985/86
Authors: Vockrodt Hans‐Jörg 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBrücken zu bauen und instandzuhalten war zu allen Zeiten eine Herausforderung für Baumeister, Ingenieure und Architekten. Der vorliegende Beitrag soll nach einem kurzen Blick auf die Geschichte des Brückenbaus im Allgemeinen und die der Krämerbrücke im Speziellen, die grundhafte Instandsetzung der Gewölbetragkonstruktion in den Jahren 1985/86 in Erinnerung bringen, ohne die die Krämerbrücke aus dem heutigen Stadtbild sicherlich bereits verschwunden wäre.Krämer Bridge in Erfurt — History of the structure and restoration of the arch supports in 1985/86. Building and repairing bridges has always been a challenge for builders, engineers and architects. This report is designed to provide a glimpse of the history of bridge building in general and that of the Krämer Bridge in particular and recall the fundamental repair work on the arch supports that took place in 1985/86. Without this work, the Krämer Bridge would certainly have disappeared from the current cityscape.