bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tendinopathy in volleyball elite players: prevalence of injuries, clinical and imaging evaluation
Authors: Aido R , Massada M , Leitão N , Magalhães C , Vasconcelos J C , Lourenço J M , Puga N 
Published: April 2011

BackgroundHigh level volleyball players are at great risk of suffering rotator cuff and patellar tendinopathy. The symptoms are often serious resulting in long standing impairment of athletic performance.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of rotator cuff and patellar tendinopathy in volleyball elite players and correlate clinical examination with the changes observed with ultrasonography and power doppler (US+PD).Setting, participants and methods20 Portuguese volleyball players from the senior national team, with mean age of 24.29 years and 11.14 years of average sports volleyball, were evaluated clinically and by US+PD.Results80 evaluations were performed: 40 rotator cuff and 40 patellar tendons were assessed. Rotator cuff tendinopathy was diagnosed clinically in seven shoulders (17.50%), all in the dominant member. Eight rotator cuff tendons (20.00%) had structural changes and vascularity on US+PD. All the players with Jobe test painful had structural and vascularity changes on US+PD. Patellar tendinopathy was diagnosed clinically in 12 patellar tendons (30.00%), 6 on the dominant member. 20 tendons (50.00%) had structural changes and vascularity on US+PD. Only one player with patellar tendon palpation painful didn't have structural and vascularity changes on US+PD. According to the player position the opposites were the most affected players.ConclusionsThis research revealed that shoulder and knee are two frequent regions affected by overuses injuries in volleyball elite players. US+PD have good accuracy (with high sensibility) in confirming clinically diagnosed rotator cuff and patellar tendinopathy. The results reported in this study suggest that Jobe test and the palpation of patellar tendon are reliable tests in detecting rotator cuff and patellar tendinopathy.
Incidence of volleyball injuries in elite junior female players: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Nesic G , Ilic V , Sikimic M , Dopsaj M 
Published: April 2011

BackgroundInjuries in volleyball are quite frequent and most likely caused by increased frequency, intensity and duration of training.Objective, settingThe aim of the present study was to examine the incidence and mechanisms of injuries among top eight European junior female national teams.Design, methodsInjury occurrence for the 2009–2010 season were collected by using a questionnaire.ResultsOf the 84 volleyball players (87.50% response rate), a total of 66 (78.54%) female players sustained 75 injuries, representing an overall incidence of 0.89 injuries per player. The national team players of the Czech Republic and Turkey reported the highest number of injuries, while the Italian team had the lowest number of injuries in the past season. An ankle (33.33%) was the most commonly injured region, followed by a knee (20%), fingers (17.33%) and shoulder (16%). Ankle injuries seemed to be more serious problem in the National team players of the Czech Republic (8/13 or 61.53%), while shoulder injuries were most common in the Russian National team (7/12 or 58.33%). Almost half of the reported injuries (48%) occurred in contact with another player. Majority of injuries occurred during training (41.33%), and 48% of all injuries were localized on the left side of the body. Most injuries were associated with play along the net, that is, blocking (41.33%) and spiking (24%). 53% of the injuries were slight or minor causing absence from training session time of less than 1 week.ConclusionsAlthough all female players participated in some kind of injury prevention training during preseason or season, more than three-quarters of the players reported an injury during the season, indicating that this vulnerable population is especially sensitive and should be better adapted to training. Also, heterogeneity in localization of incurred injuries among players of different national teams could be observed thought different training techniques.
Injuries in a Russian male professional volleyball team during the 2009–2010 season
Authors: Demin Y M , Shipulin G Y 
Published: April 2011

BackgroundThere are few studies of injury rates in Russia's Volleyball Championship.ObjectiveTo investigate incidence and characteristics of injuries in one male volleyball team.DesignProspective cohort pilot study, 2009–2010 (preseason and the competitive season).SettingProfessional athletes of elite male division of Russia's Championship (Super League).Participants16 players had been taking part in preparation and competitions from 23 June 2009 to 15 May 2010 as The ‘Lokomotiv-Belogorie’ volleyball team.InterventionsVolleyball exposure during training and matches was recorded by the coach. The team physician recorded all injuries which had occurred. The incidence of injury was expressed as number of injuries per 1000 player hours.Results105 injuries were recorded, 22 (20.95%) resulted in one or more days of missed practice or competition. The overall incidence of time-loss injuries was estimated as 2.37 per 1000 player hours. The game incidence was 10.7 and the practice incidence was 1.84. Majority of injuries (86.36%) had slight or minor severity. The most common location of time-loss injuries was the ankle/foot (32.82%), followed by the spine/back (27.27%) and shoulder (13.63%). The most common types were sprain (22.73%) and overuse injuries (63.64%). Many slight and overuse injuries did not cause player to stop playing (only 32.6% of the acute and 11.86% of the overuse were time-loss injuries). Among all registered injuries the prevalence locations were spine/back (22 cases or 21.95%), shoulder (21 cases or 20%) and knee (18 cases or 17.14%) and 71.43% were overuse and 28.57% traumatic.ConclusionsThe study revealed a high injury incidence rate in games compared to practice. The majority of injuries were overuse injuries. Slight and minor injuries often occurred and most of them were not time-loss. Future investigations are required.
A guidebook for volleyball-related health problems using Manga and educational activities for injury prevention: Volleyball 911
Authors: Hayashi M , Hamu Y , Hashimoto Y 
Published: April 2011

BackgroundMany Volleyball related health problems occur when players are junior and high school students, but there is a lack of knowledge of sports health issues among players and instructors.ObjectiveTo educate players and instructors and therefore prevent health problems, by creating a guidebook.SettingMedical checkups for volleyball players at all levels often reveal sports related issues including lower back pain, knee pain such as jumper's knee, shoulder pain caused by volleyball spikes, ankle joint sprain, digital deformities and anemia. When the history is examined it is often found that many of these problems began at junior or high school level.Result10 years ago, a guidebook for prevention of Volleyball-related injuries and health problems was prepared using easy-to-understand ‘Manga’ (comic-book illustrations) for both junior players and instructors.Approximately 10 000 copies of the guidebook were distributed for free. Currently, the guidebook is available on the website of the Japan Volleyball Association and educational activities for volleyball related health issues are being conducted.ConclusionsAn English version of the guidebook was prepared for this FIVB Volleyball Medicine Congress. It is our wish that the guidebook be translated into many languages in order to protect valuable junior volleyball players around the world from sports-related injuries.With the help of the participants in the Congress, we ask that the guidebook be translated into their own languages. The goal is to promote educational activities through the website of the FIVB.
Oxidative stress status in elite female volleyball athletes with depleted iron stores
Authors: Martinovic J , Dopsaj V , Kotur-Stevuljević J , Dopsaj M , Nesic G 
Published: April 2011

BackgroundOxidative stress has been defined as a disturbance in the equilibrium status of pro-oxidant and antioxidant systems in favour of pro-oxidation. The elevated metabolic rate associated with exercise leads to increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption in tissues, free radical generation, metabolite oxidation and antioxidant depletion.ObjectiveThe aim of the present work was to examine the association of iron depletion and acute phase response with oxidative stress in female athletes.Setting and participantsBased on serum ferritin values (cut-off 22 μg/L), 54 elite female volleyball athletes were divided into two groups: with iron depletion and with normal iron stores. Samples were taken from athletes who were members of the top two senior women volleyball teams in Serbia during the 2007/2008 competition season.InterventionsThe following parameters were measured: ferritin, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, oxidative stress parameters (reactive oxygen metabolites – ROMs and lipid hydroperoxides – LOOH) and antioxidative defence parameters (biological antioxidative potential – BAP and superoxide-dismutase).ResultsA general linear model indicated significant differences between athletes (Wilks's λ=0.698, F=5.092, p=0.002) in reactive oxygen metabolites (278±57 vs 333±56; p=0.001) which were significantly higher in athletes with iron depletion and biological antioxidative potential (2547±257 vs 2366±297; p=0.026) which was significantly lower in this group. Besides iron depletion, multivariate analysis of covariance revealed C-reactive protein (p<0.047) to be significant covariate with 18.2% proportion of variability for superoxide-dismutase activity. Iron depletion accounted for the largest proportion of variability for all oxidative stress parameters (30.2%).ConclusionsOxidative stress that occurs during exercise is related to acute phase response and iron depletion plays a significant role in processes that lead to free radical generation in professional athletes. Athletes with ferritin values below 22 μg/L had a decreased antioxidatve defence and were more susceptible to oxidative stress compared to those with adequate iron status.
Two year training induced changes in anthropometric and strength characteristics of national team male volleyball players
Authors: Sheppard J M , Nolan E , Newton R U 
Published: April 2011

BackgroundSeveral examinations have demonstrated differences in anthropometry, jump performance, and strength variables between developmental and elite level volleyball players. However, within the elite level of play, the magnitude of change that can occur with training is unclear.ObjectiveTo examine the anthropometric, vertical jump, and strength quality changes over 2 years in a group of national team volleyball players.DesignLongitudinal analysis with pre and post measurements spanning a 2 year time period.SettingA male national volleyball team, involving professional players free of injury.Participants15 national team volleyball players (22.0±3.1 years, 1.98±0.09 m, 90.8±9.9 kg) began and completed this study. Participants had all played international matches prior to the examination time period, and continued to do so during the international season, while also playing for their professional club, through the 2 year duration of the study.InterventionsDuring professional seasons, match play volume varied depending on club, with training time typically involving four to seven court and two strength sessions per week. During international seasons, participants typically engaged in seven to nine court and two to four strength sessions per week, with match involvement ranging from 15 to 40 per season. Anthropometry (stature, mass, and Σ7 skin-folds, vertical jump measures (counter-movement vertical jump; depth-jump from 0.35 m DJ; spike-jump SPJ), speed-strength (body-weight jump squat, JSBW) and ballistic-strength (jump squat+50% body-weight, JS50) measures were tested prior to and at the conclusion of the investigation period.ResultsSignificant (p<0.05) improvements were observed in Σ7 skin-folds, DJ, SPJ, and JS50 performance, with large magnitude changes (Cohen's d>0.70) in the Σ7 skin-folds reduction, and increased jump height for the JS50.ConclusionsLarge improvements in DJ, SPJ, and ballistic strength performance, as well as reductions in fat-mass, can be achieved in senior male national team volleyball players.
Clinicopathological significance of Y416Src and Y527Src expression in breast cancer
Authors: Kanomata Naoki , Kurebayashi Junichi , Kozuka Yuji , Sonoo Hiroshi , Moriya Takuya 
Published: April 2011

AimsTo elucidate the clinicopathological significance of Y416Src and Y527Src expression in breast cancer, and to evaluate their usefulness as potential predictive markers for Src inhibitors.Backgroundc-Src is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase; the active form of c-Src can catalyse tyrosine phosphorylation. The expression and activity of c-Src correlates with cell adhesion, survival, angiogenesis, migration, invasion and osteoclast function. There are limited clinicopathological data on Src expression and breast cancer characteristics.MethodsAn immunohistochemical study was performed to determine the expression of c-Src, Y416Src, and Y527Src in 215 consecutive breast cancer cases. The correlation of their expression with various clinicopathological factors was analysed statistically.Resultsc-Src was expressed in all 215 cases (100%). Y416Src was expressed in 174 cases (80.9%) and was highly expressed in 30 cases (14.0%). Y527Src was expressed in 138 cases (64.2%) and was highly expressed in 11 cases (5.1%). High expression of Y416Src was significantly associated with metastatic disease (p=0.0327), whereas high expression of Y527Src was significantly associated with metastatic disease (p=0.0004), clinical stage (p=0.0062), as well as HER2 status (p=0.0149). High expression of either Y416Src or Y527Src was significantly correlated with poor overall survival (p=0.0049 and p<0.0001, respectively). In the 192 curatively operated cases, Y416Src expression was significantly associated with poor disease-free survival (p=0.0088).ConclusionAlthough further studies to assess Src activity are necessary, investigation of Src inhibitors for breast cancer including in-vivo models should be encouraged more.
Theoretical Study of a Thermophysical Property of Molten Semiconductors
Authors: Aqra Fathi , Ayyad Ahmed 
Published: April 2011

This paper deals with theoretical approach to surface tension of molten silicon and germanium, and contributes to this field, which is very important. A theoretical calculation for determining the surface tension of high-temperature semiconductor melts, such as molten silicon and germanium, in the temperature range 1687–1825 K and 1211–1400 K, respectively, is described. The calculated temperature-dependence surface tension data for both Si and Ge are expressed as	and (mJ m−2), respectively. These values are in consistence with the reported experimental data (720–875 for Si and 560–632 mJ m−2 for Ge). The calculated surface tension for both elements decreases linearly with temperature.
Intrinsic Anticancer Drug Resistance of Malignant Melanoma Cells Is Abrogated by IFN-β and Valproic Acid
Authors: Roos Wynand P. , Jöst Eva , Belohlavek Christina , Nagel Georg , Fritz Gerhard , Kaina Bernd 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Malignant melanoma, once metastasized, has a dismal prognosis because of intrinsic resistance to anticancer drugs. First-line therapy includes the methylating agents dacarbazine and temozolomide. Although DNA mismatch repair and O6-methylguanine (O6MeG)-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) are key determinants of cellular resistance to these drugs, there is no correlation between these markers and the therapeutic response in melanoma, indicating as yet unknown mechanisms of drug resistance. We show that in malignant melanoma cells with wild-type p53, the temozolomide-induced DNA damage O6MeG triggers upregulation of the Fas/CD95/Apo-1 receptor without activating the apoptosis cascade. This is due to silencing of procaspase-8. A single treatment with IFN-β reactivated procaspase-8 and sensitized melanoma cells to temozolomide. The key role of procaspase-8 in melanoma cell sensitization was verified by experiments in which the death receptor pathway was blocked by expression of dominant-negative FADD, siRNA knockdown of procaspase-8, or stimulation with Fas/CD95/Apo-1 activating antibody. The expression of procaspase-8 could further be enhanced by additional pretreatment with the histone deacetylase inhibitor valproic acid (VPA), which together with IFN-β caused significant sensitization of melanoma cells in vitro. Sensitization of melanoma cells to temozolomide by IFN-β and VPA was also shown in a xenograft mouse model. The data provide a plausible explanation why therapy of malignant melanomas with alkylating anticancer drugs failed even in trials where the repair of the critical toxic lesion O6MeG was blocked by MGMT inhibitors and suggest approaches to abrogate intrinsic drug resistance by IFN and VPA-mediated reactivation of the death receptor pathway. Cancer Res; 71(12); 4150–60. ©2011 AACR.
The Sensitivity of [11C]Choline PET/CT to Localize Prostate Cancer Depends on the Tumor Configuration
Authors: Souvatzoglou Michael , Weirich Gregor , Schwarzenboeck Sarah , Maurer Tobias , Schuster Tibor , Bundschuh Ralph Alexander , Eiber Matthias , Herrmann Ken , Kuebler Hubert , Wester Hans Juergen , Hoefler Heinz , Gschwend Juergen , Schwaiger Markus , Treiber Uwe , Krause Bernd Joachim 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the dependency of the sensitivity of [11C]choline positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for detecting and localizing primary prostate cancer (PCa) on tumor configuration in the histologic specimen.
Experimental Design: Forty-three patients with biopsy-proven PCa were included. They underwent radical prostatectomy within 31 days after [11C]choline PET/CT. The transaxial image slices and the histologic specimens were analyzed by comparing the respective slices. Maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) were calculated in each segment and correlated with histopathology. The tumor configuration in the histologic specimen was grouped as: I, unifocal; II, multifocal; III, rind-like shaped; IV, size &lt;5 mm. Data analysis included the investigation of detection of PCa by SUVmax, the assessment of the influence of potential contributing factors on tumor prediction, and the evaluation of whether SUV could discriminate cancer tissue from benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), prostatitis, HGPIN (high-grade prostate intraepithelial neoplasm), or normal prostate tissue. General estimation equation models were used for statistical analysis.
Results: Tumor configuration in histology was classified as I in 21 patients, as II in 9, as III in 5, and as IV in 8. The prostate segment involved by cancer is identified in 79% of the patients. SUVmax was located in the same side of the prostate in 95% of patients. Tumor configuration was the only factor significantly negatively influencing tumor prediction (P &lt; 0.001). PCa-SUVmax (median SUVmax = 4.9) was not significantly different from BPH-SUV (median SUVmax = 4.5) and prostatitis-SUV (median SUVmax = 3.9), P = 0.102 and P = 0.054, respectively.
Conclusions: The detection and localization of PCa in the prostate with [11C]choline PET/CT is impaired by tumor configuration. Additionally, in our patient population, PCa tissue could not be distinguished from benign pathologies in the prostate. Clin Cancer Res; 17(11); 3751–9. ©2011 AACR.
A Simplified Synthesis of Novel Dictyostatin Analogues with In Vitro Activity against Epothilone B–Resistant Cells and Antiangiogenic Activity in Zebrafish Embryos
Authors: Vollmer Laura L. , Jiménez Maria , Camarco Daniel P. , Zhu Wei , Daghestani Hikmat N. , Balachandran Raghavan , Reese Celeste E. , Lazo John S. , Hukriede Neil A. , Curran Dennis P. , Day Billy W. , Vogt Andreas 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The natural product (−)-dictyostatin is a microtubule-stabilizing agent that potently inhibits the growth of human cancer cells, including paclitaxel-resistant clones. Extensive structure–activity relationship studies have revealed several regions of the molecule that can be altered without loss of activity. The most potent synthetic dictyostatin analogue described to date, 6-epi-dictyostatin, has superior in vivo antitumor activity against human breast cancer xenografts compared with paclitaxel. In spite of their encouraging activities in preclinical studies, the complex chemical structure of the dictyostatins presents a major obstacle for their development into novel antineoplastic therapies. We recently reported a streamlined synthesis of 16-desmethyl-25,26-dihydrodictyostatins and found several agents that, when compared with 6-epi-dictyostatin, retained nanomolar activity in cellular microtubule-bundling assays but had lost activity against paclitaxel-resistant cells with mutations in β-tubulin. Extending these studies, we applied the new, highly convergent synthesis to generate 25,26-dihydrodictyostatin and 6-epi-25,26-dihydrodictyostatin. Both compounds were potent microtubule-perturbing agents that induced mitotic arrest and microtubule assembly in vitro and in intact cells. In vitro radioligand binding studies showed that 25,26-dihydrodictyostatin and its C6-epimer were capable of displacing [3H]paclitaxel and [14C]epothilone B from microtubules with potencies comparable to (−)-dictyostatin and discodermolide. Both compounds inhibited the growth of paclitaxel- and epothilone B–resistant cell lines at low nanomolar concentrations, synergized with paclitaxel in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells, and had antiangiogenic activity in transgenic zebrafish larvae. These data identify 25,26-dihydrodictyostatin and 6-epi-25,26-dihydrodictyostatin as candidates for scale-up synthesis and further preclinical development. Mol Cancer Ther; 10(6); 994–1006. ©2011 AACR.
A New Target for Therapy in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung
Authors: Ohashi Kadoaki , Pao William 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Investigators report the identification of novel somatic mutations in the DDR2 kinase gene in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. Cellular, biochemical, and human data suggest that tumor cells harboring DDR2 mutations have increased sensitivity to existing tyrosine kinase inhibitors, providing rationale for clinical trials of agents that inhibit DDR2 kinase in the disease. Cancer Discovery; 1(1); 23–4. ©2011 AACR.