bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Composite particles in quantum chemistry: From two‐electron bonds to cold atoms
Authors: Zoboki Tamás , Jeszenszki Péter , Surján Péeter R. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe review the problem of forming composite particles from elementary electrons. Simple pairs are treated first, followed by linear combinations including geminal type wave functions. The antisymmetrized product of strongly orthogonal geminals (APSG) theory can also be developed in this language, and the use of APSG as a reference state is discussed. The theory forming composite particles from more than two electrons is less elaborated, although this idea is routinely used in approximate models in the current literature. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nonadditive effects on the stability of Be3: A benchmark CASSCF + averaged quadratic coupled cluster study of the equilateral and linear symmetrical configurations
Authors: Ramírez‐Solís Alejandro , Novaro Octavio 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe optimized geometries and binding energies (BEs) for the linear and triangular isomers of the beryllium trimer have been recently studied through benchmark multireference averaged quadratic coupled clusters calculations using very large complete active space self‐consistent field (SCF). The largest augmented correlation‐consistent atomic basis set for Be was used (aug‐cc‐pV5Z). The BEs are 26.1 and 16.1 kcal/mol for the equilateral and linear isomers, and these were corrected to account for the basis set superposition errors (Amaro‐Estrada et al., J. Chem. Phys. 2011, 135, 104311). In the light of the very small (2.4 kcal/mol) BE of Be2, these large interaction energies for the trimers must be due to the nonadditive collective effects, which we set out to determine here using state‐of‐the‐art quantum chemical methods. The nonadditive three‐body corrections proved to be extremely large. In fact, their relative weight when divided by total BEs is about 94% for both isomers. We found that in this case, the two‐body and the three‐body terms go in the same direction, both contributing to the stabilization of the trimers, which yields the rather large BEs for both isomers. Considering that Be3 contains one trimer and three pairs, this would mean that for solid beryllium (where the total number of dimers and trimers become virtually the same), we may confirm the original assumption of Kolos et al. (Chem. Phys. Lett. 1976, 41, 431), to wit, that nonadditive effects for solid beryllium are conspicuously large. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interoperable domain‐specific languages families for code generation
Authors: Malohlava Michal , Plasil Frantisek , Bures Tomas , Hnetynka Petr 
Published: April 2012

SUMMARYThis paper has been motivated by experience gained with specification and code generation of control elements for a software component platform and general‐purpose programming language like Java and C. The problem to be addressed is two‐fold: first, several domain‐specific languages (DSL) are to be employed to express different element concerns (architecture, deployment context, code pattern) and second, porting to another general‐purpose language should avoid modification of the specification and related code generation process as much as possible. In both respects, the classical template‐based code generation technique proved to be inflexible, requiring the code generator to be blurred with ad hoc encoded DSL facets. The paper addresses the problem by introducing the concept of interoperable DSL family. Each member of the family is built around its core language, which can be further specialized by embedding into a target programming language. Interoperability of these DSLs is achieved at the level of abstract syntax trees (ASTs) with help of queries. As a proof of the concept, we have implemented the queries via the AST transformation rules of the Stratego/XT framework. In the evaluation, we provide a comparison with the original template‐based implementation, which clearly indicates the DSL family and AST transformation benefits. We also provide examples of application areas where the concept of interoperable DSL family can be employed (and also indicate how this can be accomplished). Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of partial replacement of commercial fillers by recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) powder on the properties of natural rubber composites
Authors: Nabil Hayeemasae , Ismail Hanafi , Rashid Azura Abdul 
Published: April 2012

AbstractCommercial fillers, including carbon black (N550), halloysite nanotubes (HNTs), and precipitated silica, were replaced by recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) powder (R‐PET) in natural rubber (NR) composites. Five different compositions of NR/N550/R‐PET, NR/HNTs/R‐PET, and NR/silica/R‐PET compounds, i.e., 100/20/0, 100/15/5, 100/10/10, 100/5/15, and 100/0/20 parts per hundred rubber (phr), were prepared on a two‐roll mill. The curing behavior, tensile properties, and morphological characteristics of the natural rubber composites were investigated. The results indicated that the replacement of carbon black, HNTs, and silica by R‐PET decreased the tensile strength and tensile modulus, such that NR/silica/R‐PET composites showed the lowest effect, followed by NR/HNTs/R‐PET and NR/N550/R‐PET composites. The negative effect on these properties can be explained by the decrease of crosslink density. The curing results revealed that with the replacement of carbon black by R‐PET, the scorch time and cure time decreased, but that the NR/HNTs/R‐PET and NR/silica/R‐PET composites exhibited the opposite trend. Scanning electron microscopy investigation of tensile fracture surfaces confirmed that the co‐incorporation of N550/R‐PET improved the dispersion of R‐PET and enhanced the interaction between the fillers and NR matrix more than R‐PET and silica/R‐PET hybrid fillers. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Resveratrol induces antioxidant defence via transcription factor Yap1p
Authors: Escoté Xavier , Miranda Merce , Menoyo Sandra , Rodríguez‐Porrata Boris , Carmona‐Gutiérrez Didac , Jungwirth Helmut , Madeo Frank , Cordero Ricardo R. , Mas Albert , Tinahones Francisco , Clotet Josep , Vendrell Joan 
Published: April 2012

AbstractResveratrol is a polyphenol suggested to play a protective role against ageing and age‐related diseases. We demonstrate that administering low‐doses of resveratrol causes ROS accumulation and transcriptional changes in yeast cells and human adipocytes. These changes in gene expression depend on the oxidative transcription factor Yap1p. In particular, resveratrol induces expression of Yap1p gene targets, such as TRX2, TRR1 or AHP1, in a Yap1p‐dependent mode. Under resveratrol treatment, Yap1p is phosphorylated and accumulated in the nucleus. Yap1p knockout causes resveratrol sensitivity, which totally depends on the presence of the C‐terminal region of Yap1p. Thus, resveratrol may enhance cellular lifespan by hormetic ROS accumulation, which leads to strengthening the cells' antioxidant capacity. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of Anemia on Surgical Outcomes: Innovative Interventions in Resource‐poor Settings
Authors: Lagoo Janaka , Wilkinson Jeffrey , Thacker Julie , Deshmukh Mahesh , Khorgade Sunanandha , Bang Rani 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this work was to study the impact of anemia on surgical outcomes and the impact of instituting appropriate workup and treatment of anemia on surgical outcomes.MethodsWe conducted a case–control retrospective chart review of all hernia repair, hydrocele repair, and hysterectomy cases at the SEARCH Hospital in Gadchiroli, India, from January 2008 to April 2010, and included 340 male and 112 female surgical patients. We also performed a prospective assessment of the impact of the institution of appropriate workup and treatment of anemia on the surgical outcomes for all hernia repair, hydrocele repair, and hysterectomy cases at SEARCH from May 2010 to May 2011 and included 138 male and 76 female surgical patients.ResultsThe retrospective arm of the study included 340 males and 112 females with a median age of 39 and 41 years, respectively. The mean hemoglobin values were 12.50 (range = 8.8–15.4) for men and 10.39 (range = 5.2–14.8) for women. Patients with anemia had (1) increased incidence of spinal headache after inguinal hernia repair (p = 0.0266) and (2) increased incidence of fever after total hysterectomy (p = 0.0070). There was no statistically significant correlation between anemia and other outcomes (all p > 0.05). The prospective arm of the study included 138 males and 76 females with a median age of 35 and 40, respectively. The mean hemoglobin values were 11.8 (range = 6.4–14.8) for men and 10.6 (range = 6.9–12.8) for women. There was no statistically significant correlation between anemia and any surgical outcomes (p > 0.05). The incidence of complications in both the retrospective and the prospective arm was compared according to increasing severity of anemia across genders. Overall, there was no statistically significant increase in complication rates with increasing severity of anemia (p > 0.05).ConclusionsIn the retrospective arm of this study, anemia was associated with increased incidence of spinal headache and fever. In the prospective arm of this study, there was no statistically significant correlation between anemia and any surgical outcome. The incidence of complications did not increase with the severity of anemia in either arm of the study. Further investigation is needed into the optimal management and treatment of anemia prior to surgery in resource‐poor settings.
Structural changes of corn stover lignin during acid pretreatment
Authors: Moxley Geoffrey , Gaspar Armindo Ribeiro , Higgins Don , Xu Hui 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
In this study, raw corn stover was subjected to dilute acid pretreatments over a range of severities under conditions similar to those identified by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) in their techno-economic analysis of biochemical conversion of corn stover to ethanol. The pretreated corn stover then underwent enzymatic hydrolysis with yields above 70 % at moderate enzyme loading conditions. The enzyme exhausted lignin residues were characterized by 31P NMR spectroscopy and functional moieties quantified and correlated to enzymatic hydrolysis yields. Results from this study indicated that both xylan solubilization and lignin degradation are important for improving the enzyme accessibility and digestibility of dilute acid pretreated corn stover. At lower pretreatment temperatures, there is a good correlation between xylan solubilization and cellulose accessibility. At higher pretreatment temperatures, lignin degradation correlated better with cellulose accessibility, represented by the increase in phenolic groups. During acid pretreatment, the ratio of syringyl/guaiacyl functional groups also gradually changed from less than 1 to greater than 1 with the increase in pretreatment temperature. This implies that more syringyl units are released from lignin depolymerization of aryl ether linkages than guaiacyl units. The condensed phenolic units are also correlated with the increase in pretreatment temperature up to 180 °C, beyond which point condensation reactions may overtake the hydrolysis of aryl ether linkages as the dominant reactions of lignin, thus leading to decreased cellulose accessibility.
Genetic Counseling for Personal Genomic Testing: Optimizing Client Uptake of Post‐Test Telephonic Counseling Services
Authors: Levin Elissa , Riordan Sara , Klein Jana , Kieran Shannon 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe field of genetic counseling faces a broad challenge: many potential clients may not be aware of the value and benefit of genetic counseling services, and therefore may not utilize those services. Navigenics is a personal genomic testing company that provides telephonic genetic counseling services for multifactorial diseases and pharmacogenetics. When first offered in 2008, utilization of the Navigenics genetic counseling service was less than expected. To explore the basis for under‐utilization and potential mechanisms for increasing uptake, Navigenics initiated a quality improvement study, in which three different methods of engaging clients in the uptake of genetic counseling services were assessed over the course of 1 year. Outcomes showed significant differences in uptake rates between methodologies (7.5%, 24.6%, and 60.1%), yielding an 8‐fold increase in service utilization when post‐test telephonic outreach to all clients was performed. Further, utilization spanned all risk levels based on client results, evidence that not only clients with high‐risk results were motivated to engage in the genetic counseling service. This research indicates that implementing strategies to educate clients about genetic counseling can positively impact client engagement and utilization of available services.
The Fatty Acid 8,11‐Diol Synthase of Aspergillus fumigatus is Inhibited by Imidazole Derivatives and Unrelated to PpoB
Authors: Jernerén Fredrik , Oliw Ernst H. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract(8R)‐Hydroperoxy‐(9Z,12Z)‐octadecadienoic acid (8‐HPODE) is formed by aspergilli as an intermediate in biosynthesis of oxylipins with effects on sporulation. 8‐HPODE is transformed by separate diol synthases to (5S,8R)‐dihydroxy‐ and (8R,11S)‐dihydroxy‐(9Z,12Z)‐octadecadienoic acids (5,8‐ and 8,11‐DiHODE). The former is formed by the cytochrome P450 (P450) domain of 5,8‐linoleate diol synthase (5,8‐LDS or PpoA). Our aim was to characterize the 8,11‐diol synthase of Aspergillus fumigatus, which is prominent in many strains. The 8,11‐diol synthase was soluble and had a larger molecular size (>100 kDa) than most P450. Miconazole, ketoconazole, and 1‐benzylimidazole, classical inhibitors of P450, reduced the biosynthesis of 8,11‐DiHODE from 8‐HPODE (apparent IC50 values ~0.8, ~5, and ~0.6 μM, respectively), but did not inhibit the biosynthesis of 5,8‐DiHODE. Analysis of hydroperoxides of regioisomeric C18 and C20 fatty acids showed that the 8,11‐diol synthase was specific for certain hydroperoxides with R configuration. The suprafacial hydrogen abstraction and oxygen insertion at C‐11 of 8‐HPODE was associated with a small deuterium kinetic isotope effect (Hkcat/Dkcat ~1.5), consistent with P450‐catalyzed oxidation. The genome of A. fumigatus contains over 70 P450 sequences. The reaction mechanism, size, and solubility of 8,11‐diol synthase pointed to PpoB, a homologue of 5,8‐LDS, as a possible candidate of this activity. Gene deletion of ppoB of A. fumigatus strains AF:∆ku80 and J272 did not inhibit biosynthesis of 8,11‐DiHODE and recombinant PpoB appeared to lack diol synthase activity. We conclude that 8,11‐DiHODE is formed from 8‐HPODE by a soluble and substrate‐specific 8,11‐diol synthase with catalytic characteristics of class III P450.
The Long-Term Effects of Military Conscription on Mortality: Estimates From the Vietnam-Era Draft Lottery
Authors: Conley Dalton , Heerwig Jennifer 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Research on the effects of Vietnam military service suggests that Vietnam veterans experienced significantly higher mortality than the civilian population at large. These results, however, may be biased by nonrandom selection into the military if unobserved background differences between veterans and nonveterans affect mortality directly. To generate unbiased estimates of exposure to conscription on mortality, the present study compares the observed proportion of draft-eligible male decedents born 1950–1952 to the (1) expected proportion of draft-eligible male decedents given Vietnam draft-eligibility cutoffs; and (2) observed proportion of draft-eligible decedent women. The results demonstrate no effect of draft exposure on mortality, including for cause-specific death rates. When we examine population subgroups—including splits by race, educational attainment, nativity, and marital status—we find weak evidence for an interaction between education and draft eligibility. This interaction works in the opposite direction of putative education-enhancing, mortality-reducing effects of conscription that have, in the past, led to concern about a potential exclusion restriction violation in instrumental variable (IV) regression models. We suggest that previous research, which has shown that Vietnam-era veterans experienced significantly higher mortality than nonveterans, might be biased by nonrandom selection into the military and should be further investigated.
Effectiveness of an educational video as an instrument to refresh and reinforce the learning of a nursing technique: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Salina Loris , Ruffinengo Carlo , Garrino Lorenza , Massariello Patrizia , Charrier Lorena , Martin Barbara , Favale Maria Santina , Dimonte Valerio 
Published: April 2012

The Undergraduate Nursing Course has been using videos for the past year or so. Videos are used for many different purposes such as during lessons, nurse refresher courses, reinforcement, and sharing and comparison of knowledge with the professional and scientific community. The purpose of this study was to estimate the efficacy of the video (moving an uncooperative patient from the supine to the lateral position) as an instrument to refresh and reinforce nursing techniques. A two-arm randomized controlled trial (RCT) design was chosen: both groups attended lessons in the classroom as well as in the laboratory; a month later while one group received written information as a refresher, the other group watched the video. Both groups were evaluated in a blinded fashion. A total of 223 students agreed to take part in the study. The difference observed between those who had seen the video and those who had read up on the technique turned out to be an average of 6.19 points in favour of the first (P < 0.05). The results of the RCT demonstrated that students who had seen the video were better able to apply the technique, resulting in a better performance. The video, therefore, represents an important tool to refresh and reinforce previous learning.
Suture Cost Savings in the OR
Authors: Walsh Susanna S. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractMaterials management personnel at a health care facility in Baltimore, Maryland, were stocking too much suture. They stocked suture requested by surgeons or recommended by suture company representatives, and, because the facility is a teaching institution, they stocked suture requested by residents. No master suture database was available to determine what was needed and what was not. As a result, some suture was rarely used, which cost the facility money and took up inventory space. In response, I created a list of the existing inventory and coordinated with the specialty surgical service coordinators to determine which suture was typically used and in what quantities. I used this information to create a master list, with the goal of eliminating the purchase of suture that was not on this list. I gave the staff members and surgeons two months to assess the list and determine whether the suggested suture was sufficient for their needs. I then asked the materials management personnel to order and maintain suture stock based on the master list. This process took approximately four months and shows how health care providers can take a high‐volume item, such as suture, and create cost‐saving processes that will serve surgeons' and patients' needs while reducing costs and streamlining stock.
RELIGION, RELIGIOSITY AND PREMARITAL SEXUAL ATTITUDES OF YOUNG PEOPLE IN THE INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS OF NAIROBI, KENYA
Authors: GYIMAH STEPHEN OBENG , KODZI IVY , EMINA JACQUES , COFIE NICHOLAS , EZEH ALEX 
Published: April 2012

SummaryAlthough attitudes to premarital sex may be influenced by several factors, the importance of religion to that discourse cannot be underestimated. By providing standards to judge and guide behaviour, religion provides a social control function such that religious persons are expected to act in ways that conform to certain norms. This study investigated the interconnectedness of several dimensions of religion and premarital sexual attitudes among young people in the informal settlements of Nairobi, Kenya. Using reference group as the theoretical base, it was found that those affiliated with Pentecostal/Evangelical faiths had more conservative attitudes towards premarital sex than those of other Christian faiths. Additionally, while a high level of religiosity was found to associate with more conservative views on premarital sex, the effect was more pronounced among Pentecostal groups. The findings are discussed in relation to programmes on adolescent sexuality.
Looking for the language of Athenian imperialism
Authors: Low Polly 
Published: April 2012

AbstractConventional portrayals of Athenian imperialism, heavily influenced by Thucydides, tend to assume that the Athenians thought of, and described, their imperialistic actions in frank, even brutal, terms. This article seeks to challenge that assumption by exploring two sets of fifth-century Athenian epigraphical material: documents which contain the phrase ‘the cities which the Athenians rule’, and inscriptions imposing regulations on allied states which are erected at the ally's expense. In both cases, it is argued that if these apparently overtly aggressive documents are considered in an epigraphic rather than a Thucydidean context, they reveal the existence of a more subtle, nuanced and diplomatic approach to imperial politics.
The lexicon of love: Longus and Philetasgrammatikos
Authors: Whitmarsh Tim 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis article offers a fresh approach to the well-known questions surrounding the identification of Longus' character Philetas with the Hellenistic poet Philetas or Philitas. Noting that the poet was famed in antiquity also for his critical writing, particularly his lexicographical work theataktoi glôssai, it argues that the fictional characters Daphnis and Chloe consult Philetas for, among other things, a lexical definition oferôs.
Divine justice and cosmic order in early Greek Epic
Authors: Allan William 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis article examines the ethical and theological universe of the Homeric epics, and shows that the patterns of human and divine justice which they deploy are also to be found throughout the wider corpus of early Greek hexameter poetry. Although most scholars continue to stress the differences between theIliadandOdysseywith regard to divine justice, these come not (as is often alleged) from any change in the gods themselves but from theOdyssey'speculiar narrative structure, with its focus on one hero and his main divine patron and foe. Indeed, the action of theIliadembodies a system of norms and punishments that is no different from that of theOdyssey. Values such as justice are shown to be socially constituted in each epic on both the divine and human planes, and each level, it is argued, displays not only a hierarchy of power (and the resulting tensions), but also a structure of authority. In addition, the presentation of the gods in the wider hexameter corpus of Hesiod, the Epic Cycle and the Homeric Hymns is analysed, revealing a remarkably coherent tradition in which the possibility of divine conflict is combined with an underlying cosmic order. Finally, consideration of Near Eastern myths relating cosmic order to justice brings out the distinctiveness of the Greek system as a whole and, in particular, of the way it uses the divine society under Zeus's authority as a comprehensive explanatory model of the world.