bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of variable ordering on Bayesian network structure learning
Authors: Kitson Neville K. , Constantinou Anthony C. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCausal Bayesian Networks (CBNs) provide an important tool for reasoning under uncertainty with potential application to many complex causal systems. Structure learning algorithms that can tell us something about the causal structure of these systems are becoming increasingly important. In the literature, the validity of these algorithms is often tested for sensitivity over varying sample sizes, hyper-parameters, and occasionally objective functions, but the effect of the order in which the variables are read from data is rarely quantified. We show that many commonly-used algorithms, both established and state-of-the-art, are more sensitive to variable ordering than these other factors when learning CBNs from discrete variables. This effect is strongest in hill-climbing and its variants where we explain how it arises, but extends to hybrid, and to a lesser-extent, constraint-based algorithms. Because the variable ordering is arbitrary, any significant effect it has on learnt graph accuracy is concerning, and raises questions about the validity of both many older and more recent results produced by these algorithms in practical applications and their rankings in performance evaluations.
Management of effective factors in increasing the resilience of rural settlements against drought a case study of Ilam province
Authors: Hatami Fazileh , Akbarpour Mohammad , Akbary Mehry 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDrought is considered a potential natural disaster and threat. Despite all the scientific and technical advancements, in developing countries the management of this hazard is still complicated. Drought management is an important step toward reducing its adverse impacts. The main purpose of the research is to investigate the relationship between community capital and resilience against drought in selected villages in Ilam province, in south west of Iran. The research is applied in terms of purpose and is implemented quantitatively. The data have been collected using the library and field methods (questionnaire). Chalab (Mehran), Jihadabad (Dare-Shahr), Goluzeh (Dehlran) villages have been selected as sample rural settlement communities from the four geographical directions which had severe droughts in Ilam province. Using Cochran's formula, the sample size of the studied villages was 283 people, which reached 285 people after applying proportionality to the quorum of the questionnaire. In order to check the state of community funds before and after the measures were taken, the paired T-test was used, which showed the significance of the differences. The findings showed that the physical, human, financial and natural capitals are the most important factors in improving resilience; and social, political and cultural capitals have the least effect in the selected villages. It seems that executive programs in line with drought management in Ilam province show more tendencies toward top-down approach, the first result of which is the low rate of people's participation and less attention to the engagement of people's capacity for better management.
Zinc-alkaline phosphatase at sites of aortic calcification
Authors: Gomez Santiago , Millán José Luis 
Published: June 2024

AbstractZinc (Zn) is a normal trace element in mineralizing tissues, but it is unclear whether it is primarily bound to the mineral phase or to organic molecules involved in the mineralization process, or both. Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) is a Zn metalloenzyme with two Zn ions bound to the M1 and M2 catalytic sites that functions to control the phosphate/pyrophosphate ratio during biomineralization. Here, we studied aortas from Tagln-Cre +/−; HprtALP/Y TNAP overexpressor (TNAP-OE) mice that develop severe calcification. Zn histochemistry was performed using the sulfide-silver staining method in combination with a Zn partial extraction procedure to localize mineral-bound (mineral Zn) and TNAP-bound Zn (tenacious Zn), since soluble Zn (loose Zn) is extracted during fixation of the specimens. Two synthetic bone mineral composites with different Zn content, bone ash, and rat epiphyseal growth plate cartilage were used as controls for Zn staining. In order to correlate the distribution of mineral and tenacious Zn with the presence of mineral deposits, the aortas were examined histologically in unstained and stained thin sections using various light microscopy techniques. Our results show that 14 and 30 dpn, TNAP is concentrated in the calcifying matrix and loses Zn as Ca2+ progressively displaces Zn2+ at the M1 and M2 metal sites. Thus, in addition to its catalytic role TNAP has an additional function at calcifying sites as a Ca-binding protein.
Graphical Abstract
A-B Transition in Superfluid $$^3$$He and Cosmological Phase Transitions
Authors: Hindmarsh Mark , Sauls J. A. , Zhang Kuang , Autti S. , Haley Richard P. , Heikkinen Petri J. , Huber Stephan J. , Levitin Lev V. , Lopez-Eiguren Asier , Mayer Adam J. , Rummukainen Kari , Saunders John , Zmeev Dmitry 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFirst-order phase transitions in the very early universe are a prediction of many extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics and could provide the departure from equilibrium needed for a dynamical explanation of the baryon asymmetry of the Universe. They could also produce gravitational waves of a frequency observable by future space-based detectors such as the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna. All calculations of the gravitational wave power spectrum rely on a relativistic version of the classical nucleation theory of Cahn-Hilliard and Langer, due to Coleman and Linde. The high purity and precise control of pressure and temperature achievable in the laboratory made the first-order A to B transition of superfluid $$^3$$

3

He ideal for test of classical nucleation theory. As Leggett and others have noted, the theory fails dramatically. The lifetime of the metastable A phase is measurable, typically of order minutes to hours, far faster than classical nucleation theory predicts. If the nucleation of B phase from the supercooled A phase is due to a new, rapid intrinsic mechanism that would have implications for first-order cosmological phase transitions as well as predictions for gravitational wave production in the early universe. Here we discuss studies of the A-B phase transition dynamics in $$^3$$

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He, both experimental and theoretical, and show how the computational technology for cosmological phase transition can be used to simulate the dynamics of the A-B transition, support the experimental investigations of the A-B transition in the QUEST-DMC collaboration with the goal of identifying and quantifying the mechanism(s) responsible for nucleation of stable phases in ultra-pure metastable quantum phases.
A Mixed-Methods Process Evaluation of the Maastricht Work-Related Support Intervention for Healthcare Professionals in Clinical Care
Authors: Butink Maarten , Boonen Annelies , Boymans Tim , Baadjou Vera , Hazelzet Emmelie , de Rijk Angelique 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To perform the process evaluation of an intervention that aims to facilitate clinical healthcare professionals (HCP) to provide Maastricht Work-Related Support (WRS) to working patients with a chronic disease.

Methods
A mixed-methods approach was applied to address reach, efficacy, adoption, implementation, and maintenance (RE-AIM framework) as well as context of the Maastricht WRS intervention. Qualitative data included interviews with HCPs (N = 10), patients at two time points (N = 10 and N = 9), and field notes. Quantitative data included screening logbooks of HCPs, patient screening forms, and a questionnaire for patients. Content analysis or computation of frequencies was applied where applicable.

Results
Twenty-eight HCPs participated in the intervention (reach). They had a low attitude toward providing Maastricht WRS themselves (adoption). During clinical consultations, they addressed work for 770 of 1,624 (47%) persons of working age. Only 57% (437/770) had paid work, of which 10% (44/437) acknowledged a current need for support. Discussing work during clinical consultations by HCPs was hindered by other medical priorities and patients not disclosing problems (implementation). Over time, Maastricht WRS was less consistently provided (maintenance). Patients reported a positive impact of the intervention, such as fitness for work (efficacy). Context (e.g., lack of urgency, priority, time, and management support) played a pivotal role in the implementation.

Conclusion
This evaluation showed that HCPs had a positive attitude toward WRS in general, but their attitude toward provide Maastricht WRS themselves in daily clinical care was low. Recommendations include improving HCPs’ attitude, addressing WRS as a key policy point, and facilitating time.
Improving 6th Grade Students’ Creative Problem Solving Skills Through Plugged and Unplugged Computational Thinking Approaches
Authors: AYTEKİN Aydan , TOPÇU Mustafa Sami 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn the digital age in which we live, one of the primary goals of education is to nurture individuals who are capable of thinking creatively, solving problems, and being innovative and productive. Computational thinking is an analytical process that requires defining problems and at the same time solving these problems by proceeding in creative ways. Based on this possible pattern of relationship between computational thinking and creativity, the aim of this study was to determine how two different versions of the computational thinking approach (plugged and unplugged) affect 6th-grade students' creative problem-solving skills (CPSS). Thus, two different teaching modules were designed on the circulatory system with a focus on plugged and unplugged computational thinking. A quasi-experimental design was used. Experiment group 1 utilized the plugged teaching module, experiment group 2 worked with the unplugged teaching module, and the control group in the Turkish middle school science curriculum's inquiry-based science activities. All three groups participated in 16 h of lessons over a 4-week period. We utilized the Creative Problem Solving Skills Inventory (CPSSI) for data collection. The results demonstrated that both the plugged and unplugged teaching modules were more successful at enhancing the CPSS than the inquiry-based science activities. Furthermore the unplugged teaching module was significantly more successful in developing CPSS compared to inquiry-based science activities. Hence, this empirical study demonstrated that both plugged and unplugged computational thinking approaches can enhance CPSS, but also reveals the greater effectiveness of unplugged approaches in fostering middle school students' CPSS.
Exact Lipschitz Regularization of Convex Optimization Problems
Authors: Beck Amir , Teboulle Marc 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe consider the class of convex composite minimization problems which consists of minimizing the sum of two nonsmooth extended valued convex functions, with one which is composed with a linear map. Convergence rate guarantees for first order methods on this class of problems often require the additional assumption of Lipschitz continuity of the nonsmooth objective function composed with the linear map. We introduce a theoretical framework where the restrictive Lipschitz continuity of this function is not required. Building on a novel dual representation of the so-called Pasch-Hausdorff envelope, we derive an exact Lipshitz regularization for this class of problems. We then show how the aforementioned result can be utilized in establishing function values-based rates of convergence in terms of the original data. Throughout, we provide examples and applications which illustrate the potential benefits of our approach.
Role of gender match between students and teachers and students’ ethnicity in teacher–student relationships
Authors: Glock Sabine , Shevchuk Anna , Fuhrmann Christoph , Rahn Sylvia 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn the educational context, male and ethnic minority students are at a higher risk of school failure than female and ethnic majority students. The mainly female and ethnic majority teaching workforce has been discussed as reasons for the lower success of these different student groups. The classroom climate and how teachers create the learning environment through their interactional behavior can also have an impact on students’ motivation and achievement. In this study, we investigated the combined effects of students’ ethnicity and a gender match between students and teachers on students’ perceptions of teacher interpersonal behavior assessed with the Questionnaire on Teacher Interaction (QTI). For a sample of 3125 vocational students, we found relatively positive teacher–student relationships. Hierarchical linear modeling showed that ethnic minority students reported worse teacher–student relationships with male teachers and that female teachers were perceived as having more positive teacher–student relationships. Older students perceived more dominance and less oppositional behavior regardless of their ethnicity and gender. No evidence for positive effects of a gender match was found.
An “ethics of strangers”? On knowing the patient in clinical ethics
Authors: Björk Joar , Hirsch Anna 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe shape and function of ethical imperatives may vary if the context is an interaction between strangers, or those who are well acquainted. This idea, taken up from Stephen Toulmin’s distinction between an “ethics of strangers” and an “ethics of intimacy”, can be applied to encounters in healthcare. There are situations where healthcare personnel (HCP) know their patients (corresponding to an “ethics of intimacy”) and situations where HCP do not know their patients (corresponding to “an ethics of strangers”). Does it make a difference for normative imperatives that follow from central concepts and principles in medical ethics whether HCP know their patients or not? In our view, this question has not yet been answered satisfactorily. Once we have clarified what is meant by “knowing the patient”, we will show that the distinction is particularly relevant with regard to some thorny questions of autonomy in healthcare (e.g., regarding advance directives or paternalism in the name of autonomy), whereas the differences with regard to imperatives following from the principles of justice and beneficence seem to be smaller. We provide a detailed argument for why knowing the patient is ethically valuable in encounters in healthcare. Consequently, healthcare systems should provide fertile ground for HCP to get to know their patients, and structures that foster therapeutic continuity. For this to succeed, a number of questions still need to be clarified, which is an important task for medical ethics.
Patient autonomy in the era of the sustainability crisis
Authors: Kovács Szilárd Dávid 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn the realm of medical ethics, the foundational principle of respecting patient autonomy holds significant importance, often emerging as a central concern in numerous ethically complex cases, as authorizing medical assistance in dying or healthy limb amputation on patient request. Even though advocates for either alternative regularly utilize prima facie principles to resolve ethical dilemmas, the interplay between these principles is often the core of the theoretical frameworks. As the ramifications of the sustainability crisis become increasingly evident, there is a growing need to integrate awareness for sustainability into medical decision-making, thus reintroducing potential conflict with patient autonomy. The contention of this study is that the ethical standards established in the 20th century may not adequately address the challenges that have arisen in the 21st century. The author suggests an advanced perception of patient autonomy that prioritizes fostering patients’ knowledge, self-awareness, and sense of responsibility, going beyond a sole focus on their intrinsic values. Empowering patients could serve as a tool to align patient autonomy, beneficence, and the aim to reduce resource consumption.
Do trait-assessed valenced emotion motives predict valenced affective states in the daily lives of university students?
Authors: Jose Paul E. , Gamba Cathy , Bloore Becky , Roseman Ira J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAlthough emotion motives have been proposed to predict momentary valenced affect experienced in everyday life, little research has been conducted on this issue. The present study examined whether trait-level hedonic and contra-hedonic emotion motives would significantly predict daily hedonic and contra-hedonic emotion goals and subsequent daily affective states. A sample of 268 university students self-reported levels of trait emotion motives in a single-occasion survey, followed by a 14-day daily diary study which assessed momentary emotion goals and affective mood states. Linear mixed model analyses showed that trait hedonic emotion motives (trying to experience positive emotions) significantly predicted corresponding daily hedonic emotion goals and subsequent higher levels of daily positive affect, while trait contra-hedonic motives (trying to experience negative emotions) evidenced an analogous pattern resulting in higher levels of daily negative affect. These findings support a bivariate rather than a bipolar relationship between hedonic and contra-hedonic motives.
Not all reconstruction effects are syntactic
Authors: Poole Ethan , Keine Stefan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper argues that not all reconstruction effects can be reduced to a syntactic mechanism that selectively interprets copies at LF. The argument is based on the novel observation that some but not all reconstruction effects induce Condition C connectivity in Hindi-Urdu. We contend that Hindi-Urdu requires the hybrid approach to reconstruction developed on independent grounds by Lechner (1998, 2013, 2019), where both copy neglect (a syntactic mechanism) and higher-type traces (a semantic mechanism) are available as independent interpretive mechanisms. We show that the interaction of these two modes of reconstruction derives the intricate reconstruction facts in Hindi-Urdu.
Investigating the dynamics of water–sand mixing inrush in viscous sand layers: insights from laboratory experiments
Authors: Yuan Kekuo , Yu Benhui , Zhang Min , Yang Yiran , Yu Hongdan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe geological hazard of water–sand inrush is a matter of concern for infrastructure construction and resource exploration activities in China, due to the complex interplay between groundwater dynamics and the stability properties of sand particles. This phenomenon is characterized by its intensity, hazardous nature, and unpredictable behavior. Following comprehensive analysis, this study identifies the critical factors influencing water–sand inrush processes as fissure width, water stress (waterhead height), in-situ sand ground stress within the sand stratum, and clay content. To investigate these factors experimentally, a custom-designed hydraulically coupled water–sand inrush test apparatus was used. The apparatus was equipped with a cylinder to apply ground stress, a pneumatic diaphragm pump to regulate water stress, and a bottom opening in the sand layer. Tests were conducted to investigate the dynamic response of water–sand inrush events under various combinations of factor levels. The findings revealed that the critical value for inrush is only present in the fissure width, which was observed to be 3 mm for the tested sand material. Unlike fissure width, the other factors do not have definitive critical values but instead modulate the intensity of the inrush process without determining its occurrence. The ‘inrush rate’ serves as a measure of the severity of water–sand inrush disasters and shows a linear increase with both increasing groundwater stress and fissure width, a negative exponential function relationship between the inrush rate and the clay content. Notably, ground stress does not exert a significant influence on the intensity of the inrush process itself. Under constant conditions, the inrush rate remains relatively constant across different levels of sand ground stress, for instance, in the experiments, the inrush rate was measured at 1.606 kg/s when the water stress was 0.1 MPa and the fissure width was 5 mm. Grey relation analysis was used to examine the sensitivity of each factor’s influence on the inrush rate. The results showed that water stress has the greatest impact on the intensity of water–sand inrush, followed by ground or soil stress, clay content, and the width of the fissures in the sand layer.
Integrated Transport Model for Controlled Delivery of Short-Lived Reactive Species via Plasma-Activated Liquid with Practical Applications in Plant Disease Control
Authors: Kaneko Toshiro , Takashima Keisuke , Sasaki Shota 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGas–liquid interfacial plasmas (GLIPs), specifically atmospheric-pressure plasmas (APPs) interacting with liquids, have garnered global interest for potential applications across various fields where reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) in both the gas and liquid phases could play a key role. However, APP-induced gas- and liquid-phase chemical reactions display spatially nonuniform features and involve a number of species; thus, they are extremely complicated and have not been fully understood and controlled. Herein, our primary focus is centered on elucidating RONS transport processes in GLIPs without direct plasma-liquid contact to reduce the complexity of this mechanism. Firstly, this review delineates the simplified transport models commonly found in general GLIP systems, including: (1) the transport of remotely generated gas-phase RONS to the liquid phase; (2) liquid-phase diffusion governing dissolution into the liquid phase and volatilization loss to the gas phase; and (3) chemical reactions in the liquid phase governing the generation and loss of short-lived RONS. Second, we delve into RONS transport using our laboratory-built plasma devices, aimed at sterilizing plant pathogens, interpreting results in line with the relevant transport models to aid the comprehension of the heterogeneous transport of RONS. Third, we discussed the innovative control of the plasma reaction process in the gas phase required to selectively synthesize N2O5, which is highly reactive at the gas–liquid interface. Finally, future prospects for the efficient utilization of unique reactions at the plasma/gas–liquid interface are discussed.
Can Public Procurements Contribute to Fighting Trading in Persons?
Authors: Gellén Márton 
Published: June 2024

AbstractVarious forms of human exploitation, including human trafficking and forced labor are on the rise globally. The article proposes that governments have the means to act as end buyers, regulators, and law enforcers at the same time to contain and eliminate human trafficking from all supply chains they may reach. The article revisits three legislative models and examines the question whether the policies they represent can be rendered sufficient. The article finds that all regimes have their unique shortcomings. Furthermore, legislators tend to avoid rigor by applying back-door exceptions.