bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ON THE ELECTRONIC TRANSPORT MECHANISM IN MAGNETRON-SPUTTERED POLYCRYSTALLINE ZnO THIN FILMS
Authors: RUSU I. I. , SMIRNOV M. , RUSU G. G. , RAMBU A. P. , RUSU G. I. 
Published: March 2011

Zinc oxide ( ZnO ) thin films were deposited onto glass substrates by d.c. magnetron sputtering. The structural analysis, by X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy, indicate that the studied films are polycrystalline and have a wurtzite (hexagonal) structure. The film crystallites are preferentially oriented with (002) planes parallel to the substrates. The mechanism of electronic transport is explained in terms of Seto's model elaborated for polycrystalline semiconducting films (crystallite boundary trapping theory). Some parameters of used model (impurity concentration, density and energy of the trapping states, etc.) have been calculated. The optical bandgap (Eg0 = 3.28–3.37 eV ) was determined from absorption spectra.
TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF THE RAMAN FREQUENCIES IN THE γ AND β PHASES OF SOLID NITROGEN
Authors: YURTSEVEN H. , TUNAY T. 
Published: March 2011

We study here the Raman frequencies of the lattice modes (γ and β phases) and of an internal mode (γ phase) as a function of temperature in solid nitrogen. The frequency shift derived from the anharmonic self energy, is fitted to the experimental data for the Raman frequencies of the modes considered here in the γ and β phases of solid nitrogen. From our fittings, we find that the Raman frequencies of the lattice modes decrease, whereas those of the internal mode increase with increasing temperature in solid nitrogen. The unusual behavior of the internal mode indicates that the interaction mechanism should be different in relation to the anharmonicity in the γ phase of solid nitrogen.
COMPUTING SIGNED PERMUTATIONS OF POLYGONS
Authors: ALOUPIS GREG , BOSE PROSENJIT , DEMAINE ERIK D. , LANGERMAN STEFAN , MEIJER HENK , OVERMARS MARK , TOUSSAINT GODFRIED T. 
Published: March 2011

Given a planar polygon (or chain) with a list of edges {e1, e2, e3, …, en-1, en}, we examine the effect of several operations that permute this edge list, resulting in the formation of a new polygon. The main operations that we consider are: reversals which involve inverting the order of a sublist, transpositions which involve interchanging subchains (sublists), and edge-swaps which are a special case and involve interchanging two consecutive edges. When each edge of the given polygon has also been assigned a direction we say that the polygon is signed. In this case any edge involved in a reversal changes direction. We show that a star-shaped polygon can be convexified using O(n2) edge-swaps, while maintaining simplicity, and that this is tight in the worst case. We show that determining whether a signed polygon P can be transformed to one that has rotational or mirror symmetry with P, using transpositions, takes Θ(n log n) time. We prove that the problem of deciding whether transpositions can modify a polygon to fit inside a rectangle is weakly NP-complete. Finally we give an O(n log n) time algorithm to compute the maximum endpoint distance for an oriented chain.
Mesozoic-Cenozoic tectonothermal evolution of the eastern part of the Tibetan Plateau (Songpan-Garzê, Longmen Shan area): insights from thermochronological data and simple thermal modelling
Authors: Roger Françoise , Jolivet Marc , Cattin Rodolphe , Malavieille Jacques 
Published: March 2011

Abstract

We present a synthesis of the tectonic and thermochronological evolution of the Eastern Tibet since the Triassic. The long-term cooling histories obtained on magmatic and metamorphic rocks of the South Songpan-Garzê, Kunlun and Yidun blocks are similar showing a very slow and regular cooling during Late Jurassic and Cretaceous, confirming the suspected lack of major tectonic events between
c
. 150 and 30 Ma. The exhumation linked to the Tertiary growth of the Tibetan Plateau initiated around 30 Ma and concentrates at the vicinity of the major tectonic structures. Exhumation rates increased again from about 7 Ma in the Longmen Shan.

To interpret this very slow cooling rate between Late Jurassic and Early Cenozoic from granites of this area, we use a simple 1D thermal model that takes into account the thermal properties of both sediments and crust. The results suggest that: (1) high temperature (500 °C) can be kept over a long period of time; (2) during Cretaceous, cooling is mostly controlled by the thermal properties of sediments of continental origin; and (3) the initial Late Triassic rapid cooling rate was caused by the large thermal contrast between the granite body and the sedimentary rocks rather than by a high exhumation rate.
Early Cretaceous Gangdese retroarc foreland basin evolution in the Selin Co basin, central Tibet: evidence from sedimentology and detrital zircon geochronology
Authors: Zhang Qing-Hai , Ding Lin , Cai Fu-Long , Xu Xiao-Xia , Zhang Li-Yun , Xu Qiang , Willems Helmut 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
The Selin Co basin in the northern Lhasa terrane includes more than 3000 m of upward coarsening Lower Cretaceous strata, and the sedimentary sequence from the flysch to the molasse indicates the evolution of a foreland basin. Petrographic analysis shows that sandstones are rich in volcanic and sedimentary lithics and most of them fall into recycled orogen and magmatic arc.

Uranium–lead (U–Pb) ages were determined for 435 detrital zircons from the Lower Cretaceous strata in the Selin Co basin. Relative probability of detrital zircon ages shows the Eshaerbu Formation was rich in zircon grains with the age of 125–140 and 160–180 Ma, and the Duoni Formation was dominated by one main age cluster of 125–150 Ma. Analysis of the potential provenances suggests the Early Cretaceous zircon grains were primarily derived from the Gangdese magmatic arc to the south. The youngest zircon ages in the lowermost exposure of the Eshaerbru Formation are
c
. 130 Ma, providing a maximum depositional age of sediments in the Selin Co basin.

Collectively, our studies, together with previously documented Cretaceous thrusting in the Lhasa terrane, suggest the Lower Cretaceous Selin Co basin was deposited in a retroarc foreland basin. From 145–90 Ma, a retroarc foreland basin was presumed to develop in the Lhasa terrane, migrating from the south to the north. Crustal thickening, likely associated with the evolution of the retroarc foreland basin, was speculated to start in the Early Cretaceous in the Lhasa terrane.
Indication for clockwise rotation in the Siang window south of the eastern Himalayan syntaxis and new geochronological constraints for the area
Authors: Liebke Ursina , Antolin B. , Appel E. , Basavaiah N. , Mikes T. , Dunkl I. , Wemmer K. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract

Palaeomagnetic, rock magnetic and geochronological investigations were carried out on the Abor volcanics of Arunachal Pradesh, NE India. A Late Palaeozoic formation age for part of the Abor volcanics cannot be excluded based on K–Ar whole rock dating. Low-temperature thermochronometers – zircon (U–Th)/He and fission track analyses – yield a maximum burial temperature of
c
. 150–170 °C during Late Miocene. ZFT thermochronology of the Yinkiong and Miri Fms. indicates a post-Paleocene and post-Jurassic deposition age, respectively. This infers that the volcanic rocks intercalating or intruding them are not part of the Late Palaeozoic sequence but represent one or more, latest Cretaceous to Tertiary event(s). Therefore the Abor volcanics are connected to at least two separate events of volcanism. From palaeomagnetic sites, two characteristic magnetic remanence components were separated: a low-coercivity-component demagnetized below 20 mT and a high-coercivity-component demagnetized between 15 and 100 mT. Fold tests support a secondary origin of both components. Thermochronological and rock magnetic analyses indicate a low-grade overprint event between India–Asia collision and Miocene, which probably represents the time of remanence acquisition. The high-coercivity-component shows a trend of clockwise declinations, which is likely related to vertical-axis rotations of the eastern Himalayas due to eastward extrusion of the Tibetan Plateau.
Tectonic geomorphology along the eastern margin of Tibet: insights into the pattern and processes of active deformation adjacent to the Sichuan Basin
Authors: Kirby Eric , Ouimet William 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
We present a review and synthesis of the tectonic geomorphology along the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau adjacent to and north of the Sichuan Basin. Re-evaluation of spatial variations in the form of fluvial longitudinal profiles provides a refined image of the distribution of anomalously steep channels. Three new analyses demonstrate that these variations in channel steepness reflect variations in the locus and rate of differential rock uplift. First, measurements of channel width along trunk streams reveal systematic co-variations in channel hydraulic geometry and slope that suggests channels are dynamically adjusted to spatial variations in erosion rate. Second, recent determinations of the functional relationship between channel steepness indices and erosion rate allow a quantitative estimation of erosion rate from channel profile form. Third, comparison of rock uplift patterns to variations in the distribution of slip associated with the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake confirms that channel gradients reflect differential rock uplift. Our analysis suggests that reactivated fault systems adjacent to the Sichuan Basin are primarily responsible for accommodating differential rock uplift, but that rock uplift northward along the margin is not associated with active faults and is likely sustained by flow and thickening in the deep crust.
Deletion of the Proline-Rich Region of the Murine Metastasis Susceptibility Gene Brd4 Promotes Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition- and Stem Cell-Like Conversion
Authors: Alsarraj Jude , Walker Renard C. , Webster Joshua D. , Geiger Thomas R. , Crawford Nigel P.S. , Simpson R. Mark , Ozato Keiko , Hunter Kent W. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
The bromodomain-containing chromatin-modifying factor BRD4 is an inherited susceptibility gene for breast cancer progression and metastasis, but its functionality in these settings has yet to be explored. Here we show that deletion of either of the BRD4 bromodomains had modest effects on the metastatic suppression ability of BRD4. In contrast, expression of the natural short isoform of BRD4 that truncates the protein after the SEED domain restored progression and metastatic capacity. Unexpectedly, deletion of the proline-rich region induced mesenchymal-like conversion and acquisition of cancer stem cell-like properties, which are mediated by the carboxy-terminal P-TEFb binding domain. Deletion of this proline-rich region also induced a gene expression signature that predicted poor outcome in human breast cancer data sets and that overlapped G3 grade human breast tumors. Thus our findings suggest that BRD4 may be altering the predisposition of tumors to undergo conversion to a more de-differentiated or primitive state during metastatic progression. Cancer Res; 71(8); 3121–31. ©2011 AACR.
MK-1775, a Potent Wee1 Inhibitor, Synergizes with Gemcitabine to Achieve Tumor Regressions, Selectively in p53-Deficient Pancreatic Cancer Xenografts
Authors: Rajeshkumar N.V. , De Oliveira Elizabeth , Ottenhof Niki , Watters James , Brooks David , Demuth Tim , Shumway Stuart D. , Mizuarai Shinji , Hirai Hiroshi , Maitra Anirban , Hidalgo Manuel 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Purpose: Investigate the efficacy and pharmacodynamic effects of MK-1775, a potent Wee1 inhibitor, in both monotherapy and in combination with gemcitabine (GEM) using a panel of p53-deficient and p53 wild-type human pancreatic cancer xenografts.
Experimental Design: Nine individual patient-derived pancreatic cancer xenografts (6 with p53-deficient and 3 with p53 wild-type status) from the PancXenoBank collection at Johns Hopkins were treated with MK-1775, GEM, or GEM followed 24 hour later by MK-1775, for 4 weeks. Tumor growth rate/regressions were calculated on day 28. Target modulation was assessed by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry.
Results: MK-1775 treatment led to the inhibition of Wee1 kinase and reduced inhibitory phosphorylation of its substrate Cdc2. MK-1775, when dosed with GEM, abrogated the checkpoint arrest to promote mitotic entry and facilitated tumor cell death as compared to control and GEM-treated tumors. MK-1775 monotherapy did not induce tumor regressions. However, the combination of GEM with MK-1775 produced robust antitumor activity and remarkably enhanced tumor regression response (4.01-fold) compared to GEM treatment in p53-deficient tumors. Tumor regrowth curves plotted after the drug treatment period suggest that the effect of the combination therapy is longer-lasting than that of GEM. None of the agents produced tumor regressions in p53 wild-type xenografts.
Conclusions: These results indicate that MK-1775 selectively synergizes with GEM to achieve tumor regressions, selectively in p53-deficient pancreatic cancer xenografts. Clin Cancer Res; 17(9); 2799–806. ©2011 AACR.
A High-Throughput Proteomic Approach Provides Distinct Signatures for Thyroid Cancer Behavior
Authors: Cheng Sonia , Serra Stefano , Mercado Moises , Ezzat Shereen , Asa Sylvia L. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Purpose: Well-differentiated thyroid cancer (WDTC) is the most frequent form of endocrine neoplasia. One of the main challenges in the management of this disease is distinguishing low-risk patients who can be treated by surgical resection of the lesion from those with a high likelihood of recurrence who need a more extensive approach, including total thyroidectomy and radioiodine ablation.
Experimental Design: A tissue microarray (TMA) comprising 410 cases of WDTC was constructed with risk estimates for the following features: extrathyroidal extension, lymph node metastases, and vascular invasion. The variables examined were morphologic classification, candidate genetic, and proteomic biomarkers.
Results: BRAF (Raf kinase type B) mutant carriers showed increased risk of developing invasion compared with wild-type (WT) cases. However, when classified morphologically, classic papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC) showed much higher risk estimates for invasive features compared with follicular variant PTCs (FVPTC); within these morphologic subgroups, BRAF mutational status did not provide independent risk estimates. Staining intensities for membranous galectin-3 (Gal3), HBME-1, and CK19 and nuclear Gal3 were statistically validated as markers of aggressive behavior. Estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) was overexpressed in lesions with invasive behavior. The utility of these biomarkers remained statistically significant in the FVPTC. In contrast, a different set of biomarkers proved effective in classic PTC where upregulation of cyclin D1, loss of p27, and overexpression of ERβ were associated with invasive behavior.
Conclusion: Different proteomic signatures validate the distinction of classic and FVPTC and provide a practical clinical mechanism to predict the thyroid cancer behavior and stratify patients for clinical management. Clin Cancer Res; 17(8); 2385–94. ©2011 AACR.
An Antibody Targeted to VEGFR-2 Ig Domains 4-7 Inhibits VEGFR-2 Activation and VEGFR-2–Dependent Angiogenesis without Affecting Ligand Binding
Authors: Kendrew Jane , Eberlein Cath , Hedberg Brad , McDaid Karen , Smith Neil R. , Weir Hazel M. , Wedge Stephen R. , Blakey David C. , Foltz Ian , Zhou Joe , Kang Jaspal S. , Barry Simon T. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractInhibition of VEGFR-2 signaling reduces angiogenesis and retards tumor growth. Current biotherapeutics that inhibit VEGFR-2 signaling by either sequestering VEGF ligand or inhibiting VEGF binding to VEGFR-2 may be compromised by high VEGF concentrations. Here we describe a biotherapeutic that targets VEGFR-2 signaling by binding to Ig domains 4-7 of VEGFR-2 and therefore has the potential to work independently of ligand concentration. 33C3, a fully human VEGFR-2 antibody, was generated using XenoMouse technology. To elucidate the mechanism of action of 33C3, we have used a number of competition and binding assays. We show that 33C3 binds VEGFR-2 Ig domains 4-7, has no impact on VEGF-A binding to VEGFR-2, and does not compete with an antibody that interacts at the ligand binding site. 33C3 has a high affinity for VEGFR-2 (KD &lt; 1 nmol/L) and inhibits VEGF-A induced phosphorylation of VEGFR-2 with an IC50 of 99 ± 3 ng/mL. In vitro, in a 2D angiogenesis assay, 33C3 potently inhibits both tube length and number of branch points, and endothelial tubule formation in a 3D assay. In vivo, 33C3 is a very effective inhibitor of angiogenesis in both a human endothelial angiogenesis assay and in a human skin chimera model. These data show targeting VEGFR-2 outside of the ligand binding domain results in potent inhibition of VEGFR-2 signaling and inhibition of angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Mol Cancer Ther; 10(5); 770–83. ©2011 AACR.
Phrase Length Matters: The Interplay between Implicit Prosody and Syntax in Korean “Garden Path” Sentences
Authors: Hwang Hyekyung , Steinhauer Karsten 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn spoken language comprehension, syntactic parsing decisions interact with prosodic phrasing, which is directly affected by phrase length. Here we used ERPs to examine whether a similar effect holds for the on-line processing of written sentences during silent reading, as suggested by theories of “implicit prosody.” Ambiguous Korean sentence beginnings with two distinct interpretations were manipulated by increasing the length of sentence-initial subject noun phrases (NPs). As expected, only long NPs triggered an additional prosodic boundary reflected by a closure positive shift (CPS) in ERPs. When sentence materials further downstream disambiguated the initially dispreferred interpretation, the resulting P600 component reflecting processing difficulties (“garden path” effects) was smaller in amplitude for sentences with long NPs. Interestingly, additional prosodic revisions required only for the short subject disambiguated condition—the delayed insertion of an implicit prosodic boundary after the subject NP—were reflected by a frontal P600-like positivity, which may be interpreted in terms of a delayed CPS brain response. These data suggest that the subvocally generated prosodic boundary after the long subject NP facilitated the recovery from a garden path, thus primarily supporting one of two competing theoretical frameworks on implicit prosody. Our results underline the prosodic nature of the cognitive processes underlying phrase length effects and contribute cross-linguistic evidence regarding the on-line use of implicit prosody for parsing decisions in silent reading.
Object-based Neglect Varies with Egocentric Position
Authors: Karnath Hans-Otto , Mandler André , Clavagnier Simon 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Different reference frames have been identified to influence neglect behavior. In particular, neglect has been demonstrated to be related to the contralesional side of the subject's body (egocentric reference frames) as well as to the contralesional side of individual objects irrespective of their position to the patient (object-based reference frame). There has been discussion whether this distinction separates neglect into body- and object-based forms. The present experiment aimed to prove possible interactions between object-based and egocentric aspects in spatial neglect. Neglect patients' eye and head movements were recorded while they explored objects at five egocentric positions along the horizontal dimension of space. The patients showed both egocentric as well as object-based behavior. Most interestingly, data analysis revealed that object-based neglect varied with egocentric position. Although the neglect of the objects' left side was strong at contralesional egocentric positions, it ameliorated at more ipsilesional egocentric positions of the objects. The patients showed steep, ramp-shaped patterns of exploration for objects located on the far contralesional side and a broadening of these patterns as the locations of the objects shifted more to the ipsilesional side. The data fitted well with the saliency curves predicted by a model of space representation, which suggests that visual input is represented in two modes simultaneously: in veridical egocentric coordinates and in within-object coordinates.
Perception and Conception: Temporal Lobe Activity during Complex Discriminations of Familiar and Novel Faces and Objects
Authors: Barense Morgan D. , Henson Richard N. A. , Graham Kim S. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractRecent studies indicate that medial-temporal lobe (MTL) damage, either from focal lesions or neurodegenerative disease (e.g., semantic dementia), impairs perception as well as long-term declarative memory. Notably, however, these two patient groups show different performance for meaningful versus unfamiliar stimuli. In amnesics with nonprogressive MTL lesions, the use of meaningful stimuli, compared with unfamiliar items, boosted discrimination performance. In semantic dementia, a condition characterized by progressive deterioration of conceptual knowledge in the context of anterolateral temporal lobe damage, performance for meaningful stimuli was equivalent to that for unfamiliar items. To further investigate these findings, we scanned healthy volunteers while they performed odd-one-out discriminations involving familiar (i.e., meaningful/famous) and unfamiliar (i.e., novel) objects and faces and a baseline task of size oddity. Outside the scanner, volunteers' recognition memory was assessed. We found above baseline activity in the perirhinal cortex and hippocampus for all object and face discriminations and above baseline activity in the temporal pole for all face discriminations. The comparison of meaningful, relative to novel, faces and objects, revealed increased activity in the perirhinal cortex and hippocampus. In the temporal pole, we also found activity related to meaningfulness for faces but not for objects. Importantly, these meaningfulness effects were evident even for discriminations that were not subsequently well remembered, suggesting that the difference between meaningful and novel stimuli reflects perceptual or conceptual processes rather than solely incidental encoding into long-term memory. The results provide further evidence that the MTL is recruited during complex perceptual discrimination and additionally suggest that these structures are recruited in semantic processing of objects and faces.