bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What is the impact of legal strategy?
Authors: Bird Robert C. , Evans Justin W. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLaw and strategy (LAS)—the study of the law's role in competitive advantage—has developed rapidly and with substantial promise for over 20 years. However, at this critical juncture in its development, the LAS literature lacks both a systematic review of its impact and an organized call for future research. To fill this scholarly gap, this article reports two citation analysis studies that identify the overall impact of the literature as well as the specific influence of seminal articles in the field. We find that LAS is widely cited, has a substantial and diverse disciplinary reach, and, crucially, that the influence of its seminal works has not faded over time. Building on these findings, we recommend pathways for future LAS research, including more cross‐disciplinary scholarship, a closer engagement with the related stream of proactive law, a deeper inquiry into ethics, more systematic theory‐building and empirical work, and a global perspective that tests the boundaries of LAS beyond fully developed markets. We conclude that LAS has a promising future with the potential for a wide range of applications that address significant challenges facing law and business.
Austerity, economic vulnerability, and populism
Authors: Baccini Leonardo , Sattler Thomas 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGovernments have repeatedly adjusted fiscal policy in recent decades. We examine the political effects of these adjustments in Europe since the 1990s using both district‐level election outcomes and individual‐level voting data. We expect austerity to increase populist votes, but only among economically vulnerable voters, who are hit the hardest by austerity. We identify economically vulnerable regions as those with a high share of low‐skilled workers, workers in manufacturing and in jobs with a high routine‐task intensity. The analysis of district‐level elections demonstrates that austerity increases support for populist parties in economically vulnerable regions, but has little effect in less vulnerable regions. The individual‐level analysis confirms these findings. Our results suggest that the success of populist parties hinges on the government's failure to protect the losers of structural economic change. The economic origins of populism are thus not purely external; the populist backlash is triggered by internal factors, notably public policies.
Resistance exercise upregulates Irisin expression and suppresses myocardial fibrosis following myocardial infarction via activating AMPK‐Sirt1 and inactivating TGFβ1‐Smad2/3
Authors: Li Hangzhuo , Qin Shuguang , Tang Jie , Wang Tao , Ren Wujing , Di Lingyun , Bo Wenyan , Ma Yixuan , Wu Fangnan , Xu Zujie , Song Wei , Cai Mengxin , Xi Yue , Tian Zhenjun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimTo reveal the contribution of Irisin in the beneficial effects of resistance exercise on myocardial fibrosis (MF) and cardiac function in the mice with myocardial infarction (MI).MethodsThe MI model was built by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery in Fndc5 knockout mice (Fndc5−/−). Resistance exercise was started one week after surgery and continued for four weeks. In addition, H2O2, AICAR, recombinant human Irisin protein (rhIRISIN), and Sirt1 shRNA lentivirus (LV‐Sirt1 shRNA) were used to intervene primary isolated cardiac fibroblasts (CFs). MF was observed through Masson staining, and apoptosis was assessed using TUNEL staining. MDA and T‐SOD contents were detected by biochemical kits. The expression of proteins and genes was detected by Western blotting and RT‐qPCR.ResultsResistance exercise increased Fndc5 mRNA level, inhibited the activation of TGFβ1‐TGFβR2‐Smad2/3 pathway, activated AMPK‐Sirt1 pathway, reduced the levels of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and MF in the infarcted heart, and promoted cardiac function. However, Fndc5 knockout attenuated the protective effects of resistance exercise on the MI heart. Results of the in vitro experiments showed that AICAR and rhIRISIN intervention activated the AMPK‐Sirt1 pathway and inactivated the TGFβ1‐Smad2/3 pathway, and promoted apoptosis in H2O2‐treated CFs. Notably, these effects of rhIRISIN intervention, except for the TGFβR2 expression, were attenuated by LV‐Sirt1 shRNA.ConclusionResistance exercise upregulates Fndc5 expression, activates AMPK‐Sirt1 pathway, inhibits the activation of TGFβ1‐Smad2/3 pathway, attenuates MF, and promotes cardiac function after MI.
Reversing expansion of Calamagrostis epigejos in Carpathian mountain grasslands by mowing and application of hemiparasitic Rhinanthus alectorolophus
Authors: Galvánek Dobromil , Uhliarová Eva , Ujházy Karol , Ujházyová Mariana , Janišová Monika , Těšitel Jakub 
Published: May 2024

AbstractQuestionsThe expansion of Calamagrostis epigejos poses a significant threat to the biodiversity of mountain grasslands. We asked whether grasslands dominated by C. epigejos can be restored through mowing and the application of hemiparasitic Rhinanthus alectorolophus.LocationCarpathian Violion caninae alliance mountain grassland close to Vrchslatina, Veporské vrchy Mts, Slovakia.MethodsWe conducted a before–after control–impact experiment in a grassland entirely dominated by C. epigejos: six blocks, each with four treatment combinations: (i) mowing once in summer, (ii) mowing in summer and autumn, (iii) mowing in summer and seed sowing of R. alectorolophus, (iv) mowing in summer and autumn along with seed sowing of R. alectorolophus. We monitored the above‐ground biomass of C. epigejos, R. alectorolophus, the combined above‐ground biomass of other species, and the vegetation composition annually from 2014 to 2017. Linear mixed‐effect models and redundancy analysis (RDA) were employed to analyze the effects of the treatments on C. epigejos and community parameters.ResultsSowing established R. alectorolophus at the plots mown twice in the first year, but its density strongly declined in subsequent years. R. alectorolophus and mowing twice significantly reduced C. epigejos biomass and herb layer cover. They also increased community evenness and the ratio between other species and C. epigejos biomass with a more pronounced effect on the plots where R. alectorolophus was applied. Mowing twice led to increased species richness, evenness, the number of target grassland species and their proportion in the community. R. alectorolophus had an additional positive impact on community evenness and the proportion of target species. RDA identified R. alectorolophus as the main driver of the directional community change triggered by the experimental treatments.ConclusionMowing twice per season proves to be an efficient restoration management strategy for mountain grasslands dominated by C. epigejos. Sowing R. alectorolophus, however, may be employed as an additional measure to accelerate the decline of C. epigejos at the outset of the restoration process and enhance community structure and composition.
Characteristic morphology and immunohistochemical patterns of clear cell papillary renal cell tumours may be observed in renal cell carcinomas, a critical pitfall in renal biopsy cytopathology
Authors: Lin Xiaoqi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundClear cell papillary renal cell tumour (CCPRCT) was renamed from previous clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma (CCPRCC) in the latest WHO Classification of Tumours. It is essential to differentiate RCC from CCPRCT in renal mass biopsies (RMB).DesignRMB cases with subsequent resections were reviewed. The pathology reports and pertinent clinical information were recorded.ResultsFifteen cases displaying either CCPRCT morphology (20% diffuse, 67% focal) or immunohistochemical patterns (cup‐like CA9: 20% diffuse, 47% focal; CK7: 33% diffuse, 40% focal) were identified. One case was positive for TFE3. TSC mutation was identified in one case. Both cases exhibited both CCPRCT morphology and immunohistochemical patterns for CA9 and CK7, with focal high‐grade nuclei. RMB diagnoses were as follows: 6 (40%) as CCRCC, 2 (13%) as CCPRCT, 2 (13%) as CCRCC versus CCPRCT, 2 (13%) as CCRCC versus PRCC, 1 (7%) as RCC with TSC mutation versus CCPRCT, 1 (7%) as TFE3‐rearranged RCC versus PRCC, and 1 (7%) as cyst with low‐grade atypia. 71% of patients underwent nephrectomy, 21% received systemic treatment for stage 4 RCCs, and 7% with ablation for small renal mass (1.6 cm) with low‐grade CCRCC.ConclusionsOur study highlights that morphologic and immunochemical features of CCPRCT may be present in RCCs, including RCC‐TFE3 expression and TSC‐associated RCC, a critical pitfall to misdiagnose aggressive RCC as indolent CCPRCT and result in undertreatment. Careful examination of morphology and immunostains for CA9, CK7, and TFE3, as well as molecular tests, is crucial for distinguishing aggressive RCC from indolent CCPRCT.
Toward a phenomenology of politics: Vulnerability, autonomy, and the making of “hard” corporeal selves in Chile's migrant campamentos
Authors: Seward Delaporte Pablo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHow do people experience vulnerability, and what can this experience tell us about how states help those living in precarious conditions? According to the Chilean state, people who live in vulnerable encampments do so strictly out of necessity, not choice, and vulnerability is best addressed by demolishing encampments, resettling their communities, and giving the poor opportunities to recover their economic and moral autonomy. Based on 15 months of ethnographic research in predominantly migrant informal settlements in Chile's northern border city of Antofagasta, this article shows how the state's project to demolish vulnerable encampments is in tension with migrant women community leaders’ own personal and collective projects of autonomy. Examining one migrant woman community leader's use of the moral concept of “hardness” to express her ethics of autonomy, I attend to ordinary instances where women helping the state resettle their communities instead subtly undermined the state's resettlement plan. This case advances feminist theories of politics and vulnerability that examine how the domain of the political is reconfigured through women's “domestic” work in the everyday. Psychological anthropology, with its recent turn to critical phenomenology, has much to add to this phenomenology of the critical, of politics.
Computed tomographic‐planned repair of short incomplete sagittal fractures of the proximal phalanx
Authors: Smith Matthew R. W. , Barker William H. J. , Williamson Stuart M. 
Published: May 2024

SummaryBackgroundShort incomplete sagittal fractures of the proximal phalanx are common in racehorses. Configurations vary; surgical planning has been performed using radiography which has limited ability to differentiate between common configurations. Computed tomographic (CT) imaging accurately maps fracture configuration and may be contributory to case management.Objectives(i) Describe a surgical technique for CT‐planned repair of short incomplete sagittal fractures of the proximal phalanx and (ii) report case outcomes.Study designRetrospective case series (2019–2023).MethodsCT‐planned surgical repair of short incomplete sagittal fractures of the proximal phalanx was performed under radiographic control. Following repair, screw position was assessed with CT. Case records, radiographic and CT images were reviewed. Follow‐up information was obtained from referring veterinarians, race records and owner/trainers.ResultsTen fractures were confined to the dorsal cortex and subchondral bone. One fracture extended the full dorsoplantar depth of the bone. One fracture was confined to the subchondral bone centrally. Screw repair was planned using CT, to cross the fracture, or to position as close as possible while avoiding penetration of the articular surface. Surgery was performed under radiographic control, and subsequent CT examination confirmed screw placement as planned. Fractures healed radiographically in all 10 imaged cases. All horses were sound at follow‐up examination. One horse was retired to stud after surgery. Eleven horses returned to full training and 10 raced.Main limitationsThe case outcomes reported are only relevant to similar populations of Thoroughbred racehorses. The lack of a cohort of control horses limits conclusions that can be drawn relating to the contribution of this surgery to case management.ConclusionsCT planned repair of short incomplete sagittal fractures of the proximal phalanx, with screws positioned according to fracture location, can be reliably performed and is associated with good outcomes.
Biogeographic isolation and climate shape the evolutionary heritage of Neotropical inselbergs
Authors: Pinto‐Junior Herval Vieira , Heringer Gustavo , Diniz Écio Souza , Müller Larissa Areal de Carvalho , Villa Pedro Manuel , Meira‐Neto João Augusto Alves , Neri Andreza Viana 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimQuaternary climatic shifts can explain the current distribution of ancient ecosystems as well as the current distributions of gradients that hold species richness and diversity of several lineages in old, climatically buffered, infertile landscapes (OCBILs) as inselbergs. Thus, the combination of phylogenetic approaches and temporal landscape connectivity allows disentangling the mechanisms involved in the origin of the disjunct distribution of plant species and the evolutionary heritage of Neotropical inselbergs.LocationBrazilian Atlantic Forest and Caatinga.Time PeriodPliocene until the current period.Major TaxaAngiosperms.MethodsWe used a compiled data set of 42 inselbergs across the Atlantic Forest and Caatinga biomes in eastern Brazil to describe their structure and phylogenetic diversity and map the landscape resistance distances and the effects of resistance on their phylogenetic beta diversity. We also aimed to identify the effectiveness of protected areas and gaps in the conservation of plant species in Brazilian inselbergs.ResultsWe found evidence of dispersal limitation in the inselberg species pool and a latitudinal gradient in plant species richness and phylogenetic diversity across the Neotropical inselberg landscape, with greater isolation between the northeastern and southeastern core areas. Our findings indicate that inselbergs can lead to a high turnover of phylogenetic diversity, thus imposing distinctiveness on the evolutionary lineages of the inselberg flora.Main ConclusionsOur results suggest that the current distribution of inselberg's flora in isolated ecosystems may result from a more connected distribution of this flora in the past, as postulated by the Pleistocene habitat fluctuations. However, the patterns of diversity have probably been influenced by events much older than Quaternary climate shifts, due to inselbergs climate stability areas (refugia) since ancient periods. Conservation of mountain vegetation is a crucial strategy for maintaining biodiversity and distinct phylogenetic lineages in the current rapid global climate and land use change scenario.
Prevalence and molecular epidemiology of carbapenemase‐producing Enterobacterales isolated from dog and cat faeces submitted to veterinary laboratories in the USA
Authors: Dietrich Jaclyn , LeCuyer Tessa E. , Hendrix G. Kenitra , Burbick Claire R. , Jacob Megan E. , Byrne Barbara A. , Olsen Karen , Mitchell Maria , Ceric Olgica , Lin Rachel , Joneson Jessica , Lintner Megan , Fox Alexandra , McClendon Diamond , Alexander Trevor , Joyce Kayla , Byrd Melissa , Clinton Jason , Snipes Keith , Peak Laura , Cole Stephen D. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimsTo estimate the prevalence of carbapenemase‐producing Enterobacterales (CPE) carriage among pets using faecal specimens submitted to veterinary diagnostic laboratories throughout the US. A secondary aim was to employ whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) to characterize isolates of CPE from companion animals and compare them to publicly available CPE genomes.Methods and ResultsTo estimate the prevalence of CPE in companion animals in the USA, a multicenter surveillance study including 8 different veterinary diagnostic laboratories from across the USA was conducted. Briefly, remnant faecal specimens from dogs and cats were screened using two selective agar plates (CHROMID Carba and MacConkey with 1 mg/L cefotaxime and 0.125 mg/L meropenem) and presumptive CPE isolates screened by the modified carbapenemase inactivation method for carbapenemase production. A total of 2393 specimens were screened and yielded 196 isolates for carbapenemase screening. A total of 5 isolates from 4 dogs and 1 cat at 3 different veterinary diagnostic laboratories were confirmed to produce a carbapenemase (0.21%). Whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) revealed two E. coli (ST167) isolates that both produced an NDM‐5 carbapenemase, two Enterobacter hormaechei (ST171) isolates that produced an NDM‐5 carbapenemase and a KPC‐4 carbapenemase respectively and one Klebsiella oxytoca (ST199) that produced an Oxa‐48‐type carbapenemase. Both E. coli isolates were found to be within at least 22 SNPs of previously characterized canine and human CPE isolates.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that the prevalence of CPE among companion animals is relatively low (0.21%) but that given the genetic relatedness of animal isolates to human isolates, additional surveillance is needed.
Biologically significant interaction of human herpesvirus 8 viral interferon regulatory factor 4 with ubiquitin-specific protease 7
Authors: Yang Zunlin , Nicholas John 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), associated with Kaposi sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), and multicentric Castleman disease, encodes four interferon regulatory factor homologs, vIRFs 1–4, that interact with and inhibit various mediators of host-cell defense against virus infection. A cellular protein targeted by all the vIRFs is ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7); while replication-modulatory and latently infected PEL-cell pro-viability phenotypes of USP7 targeting have been identified for vIRFs 1–3, the significance of the interaction of vIRF-4 with USP7 has remained undetermined. Here we show, through genetic ablation of the vIRF-4-USP7 interaction in infected cells, that vIRF-4 association with USP7 is necessary for optimal expression of vIRF-4 and normal HHV-8 replication. Findings from experiments on transfected and infected cells identified ubiquitination of vIRF-4 via K48-linkage and USP7-binding-associated suppression of vIRF-4 ubiquitination and, in infected cells, increased vIRF-4 expression. Analysis of IFN-I induction and associated signaling as a function of vIRF-4 and its interaction with USP7 identified a role of each in innate-immune suppression. Finally, activation via K63-polyubiquitination of the innate-immune signaling mediator TRAF3 was found to be suppressed by vIRF-4 in a USP7-binding-associated manner in infected cells, but not in transfected cells, likely via binding-regulated expression of vIRF-4. Together, our data identify the first examples of vIRF ubiquitination and a vIRF substrate of USP7, enhanced expression of vIRF-4 via its interaction with USP7, and TRAF3-inhibitory activity of vIRF-4. The findings address, for the first time, the biological significance of the interaction of vIRF-4 with USP7 and reveal a mechanism of vIRF-4-mediated innate-immune evasion and pro-replication activity via TRAF3 regulation.

IMPORTANCE
HHV-8 homologs of cellular interferon regulatory factors (IRFs), involved in host-cell defense against virus infection, interact in an inhibitory fashion with IRFs and other mediators of antiviral innate immunity. These interactions are of demonstrated or hypothesized importance for successful primary, productive (lytic), and latent (persistent) infection by HHV-8. While HHV-8 vIRF-4 is known to interact physically with USP7 deubiquitinase, a key regulator of various cellular proteins, the functional and biological significance of the interaction has not been addressed. The present study identifies the interaction as important for HHV-8 productive replication and, indeed, for vIRF-4 expression and reveals a new function of vIRF-4 via inhibition of the activity of TRAF3, a pivotal mediator of host-cell antiviral activity through activation of cellular IRFs and induction of type-I interferons. These findings identify potential targets for the development of novel anti-HHV-8 agents, such as those able to disrupt vIRF-4–USP7 interaction or vIRF-4-stabilizing USP7 activity.
Defective
pgsA
contributes to increased membrane fluidity and cell wall thickening in
Staphylococcus aureus
with high-level daptomycin resistance
Authors: Freeman Christian D. , Hansen Tayte , Urbauer Ramona , Wilkinson Brian J. , Singh Vineet K. , Hines Kelly M. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Daptomycin is a membrane-targeting last-resort antimicrobial therapeutic for the treatment of infections caused by methicillin- and/or vancomycin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
. In the rare event of failed daptomycin therapy, the source of resistance is often attributable to mutations directly within the membrane phospholipid biosynthetic pathway of
S. aureus
or in the regulatory systems that control cell envelope response and membrane homeostasis. Here we describe the structural changes to the cell envelope in a daptomycin-resistant isolate of
S. aureus
strain N315 that has acquired mutations in the genes most commonly reported associated with daptomycin resistance:
mprF
,
yycG
, and
pgsA
. In addition to the decreased phosphatidylglycerol (PG) levels that are the hallmark of daptomycin resistance, the mutant with high-level daptomycin resistance had increased branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) in its membrane lipids, increased membrane fluidity, and increased cell wall thickness. However, the successful utilization of isotope-labeled straight-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in lipid synthesis suggested that the aberrant BCFA:SCFA ratio arose from upstream alteration in fatty acid synthesis rather than a structural preference in PgsA. Transcriptomics studies revealed that expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase (
pdhB
) was suppressed in the daptomycin-resistant isolate, which is known to increase BCFA levels. While complementation with an additional copy of
pdhB
had no effect, complementation of the
pgsA
mutation resulted in increased PG formation, reduction in cell wall thickness, restoration of normal BCFA levels, and increased daptomycin susceptibility. Collectively, these results demonstrate that
pgsA
contributes to daptomycin resistance through its influence on membrane fluidity and cell wall thickness, in addition to phosphatidylglycerol levels.

IMPORTANCE

The cationic lipopeptide antimicrobial daptomycin has become an essential tool for combating infections with
Staphylococcus aureus
that display reduced susceptibility to β-lactams or vancomycin. Since daptomycin's activity is based on interaction with the negatively charged membrane of
S. aureus
, routes to daptomycin-resistance occur through mutations in the lipid biosynthetic pathway surrounding phosphatidylglycerols and the regulatory systems that control cell envelope homeostasis. Therefore, there are many avenues to achieve daptomycin resistance and several different, and sometimes contradictory, phenotypes of daptomycin-resistant
S. aureus
, including both increased and decreased cell wall thickness and membrane fluidity. This study is significant because it demonstrates the unexpected influence of a lipid biosynthesis gene,
pgsA
, on membrane fluidity and cell wall thickness in
S. aureus
with high-level daptomycin resistance.
1-Aryl-3-nitro- and 3-Bromo-3-nitroprop-2-en-1-ones: Synthesis and Structural Features
Authors: Adyukov I. S. , Pelipko V. V. , Baichurin R. I. , Litvinov I. A. , Makarenko S. V. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A method for producing a number of (E)-1-aryl-3-nitroprop-2-en-1-ones based on a synthetic condensation–dehydration strategy has been optimized. New (Z)-1-aryl-3-bromo-3-nitroprop-2-en-1-ones have been synthesised from (E)-1-aryl-3-nitroprop-2-en-1-ones using halogenation-dehydrohalogenation strategy to (E)-1-aryl-3-nitroprop-2-en-1-ones. The fine structure of nitro- and bromonitroenketones and it’s features were determined by 1H–1H NOESY NMR and X-ray diffraction analysis.