bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flavonoids exert distinct modulatory actions on cyclooxygenase 2 and NF‐κB in an intestinal epithelial cell line (IEC18)
Authors: López‐Posadas R , Ballester I , Mascaraque C , Suárez MD , Zarzuelo A , Martínez‐Augustin O , Sánchez de Medina F 
Published: April 2010

Background and purpose: Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX‐2) is involved in inflammatory bowel disease, but the effect of flavonoids at the intestinal epithelial level is unknown. We aimed to characterize the effect and structure‐activity relationship of nine selected flavonoids on COX‐2 expression in intestinal epithelial cell (IEC)18 cells. We also investigated the signal transduction pathway(s) responsible for the effects observed.Experimental approach: Intestinal epithelial cell 18, a non‐tumour cell line with intestinal epithelial phenotype, was used. COX‐2 was measured by Western blot and the involvement of the NF‐κB pathway assessed by Western blot, pharmacological inhibition, luciferase reporter assays and nuclear translocation experiments.Key results: The effect of flavonoids on COX‐2 expression depended on the experimental conditions tested [non‐stimulated and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated]. Flavonoids caused an increase in COX‐2 expression and NF‐κB‐dependent gene transcription under basal conditions. Conversely, under LPS stimulation flavonoids increased, decreased or did not affect COX‐2 levels depending on the specific type. Variable effects were observed on extracellular signal regulated kinase/p38/c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase phosphorylation and p50/65 nuclear translocation.Conclusion and implications: The effect of flavonoids on COX‐2 expression depended on the balance of the interference with IκB‐α phosphorylation and other signalling targets, and therefore depends on the experimental conditions and on the type of flavonoids. This is expected to result in different effects in inflammatory conditions. In general, flavonoids may limit epithelial COX‐2 expression in inflammatory conditions while favouring it when inflammation is not present.
Resistance to endotoxic shock in mice lacking natriuretic peptide receptor‐A
Authors: Panayiotou Catherine M , Baliga Reshma , Stidwill Raymond , Taylor Valerie , Singer Mervyn , Hobbs Adrian J 
Published: April 2010

Background and purpose:  Excessive production of nitric oxide (NO) by inducible NO synthase (iNOS) is thought to underlie the vascular dysfunction, systemic hypotension and organ failure that characterize endotoxic shock. Plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and C‐type natriuretic peptide (CNP) are raised in animal models and humans with endotoxic shock and correlate with the associated cardiovascular dysfunction. Since both NO and natriuretic peptides play important roles in cardiovascular homeostasis via activation of guanylate cyclase‐linked receptors, we used mice lacking natriuretic peptide receptor (NPR)‐A (NPR1) to establish if natriuretic peptides contribute to the cardiovascular dysfunction present in endotoxic shock.Experimental approach:  Wild‐type (WT) and NPR‐A knockout (KO) mice were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and vascular dysfunction (in vitro and in vivo), production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, and iNOS expression and activity were evaluated.Key results:  LPS‐treated WT animals exhibited a marked fall in mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) whereas NPR‐A KO mice maintained MABP throughout. LPS administration caused a greater suppression of vascular responses to the thromboxane‐mimetic U46619, ANP, acetylcholine and the NO‐donor spermine‐NONOate in WT versus NPR‐A KO mice. This differential effect on vascular function was paralleled by reduced pro‐inflammatory cytokine production, iNOS expression and activity (plasma [NOx] and cyclic GMP).Conclusions and implications:  These observations suggest that NPR‐A activation by natriuretic peptides facilitates iNOS expression and contributes to the vascular dysfunction characteristic of endotoxic shock. Pharmacological interventions that target the natriuretic peptide system may represent a novel approach to treat this life‐threatening condition.
Seizure tests distinguish intermittent fasting from the ketogenic diet
Authors: Hartman Adam L. , Zheng Xiangrong , Bergbower Emily , Kennedy Michiko , Hardwick J. Marie 
Published: May 2010

SummaryPurpose: Calorie restriction can be anticonvulsant in animal models. The ketogenic diet was designed to mimic calorie restriction and has been assumed to work by the same mechanisms. We challenged this assumption by profiling the effects of these dietary regimens in mice subjected to a battery of acute seizure tests.Methods: Juvenile male NIH Swiss mice received ketogenic diet or a normal diet fed in restricted quantities (continuously or intermittently) for ∼12 days, starting at 3–4 weeks of age. Seizures were induced by the 6 Hz test, kainic acid, maximal electroshock, or pentylenetetrazol.Results: The ketogenic and calorie‐restricted diets often had opposite effects depending on the seizure test. The ketogenic diet protected from 6 Hz–induced seizures, whereas calorie restriction (daily and intermittent) increased seizure activity. Conversely, calorie restriction protected juvenile mice against seizures induced by kainic acid, whereas the ketogenic diet failed to protect. Intermittent caloric restriction worsened seizures induced by maximal electroshock but had no effect on those induced by pentylenetetrazol.Discussion: In contrast to a longstanding hypothesis, calorie restriction and the ketogenic diet differ in their acute seizure test profiles, suggesting that they have different underlying anticonvulsant mechanisms. These findings highlight the importance of the 6 Hz test and its ability to reflect the benefits of ketosis and fat consumption.
MEG correlates of epileptic high gamma oscillations in invasive EEG
Authors: Rampp Stefan , Kaltenhäuser Martin , Weigel Daniel , Buchfelder Michael , Blümcke Ingmar , Dörfler Arndt , Stefan Hermann 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIn patients with pharmacoresistant focal epilepsy, we demonstrate that magnetoencephalography (MEG) detects spike‐locked and spike‐independent epileptic high gamma oscillations (HGOs) using combined MEG and invasive electroencephalography (iEEG) from subdural macroelectrodes. Six patients, who underwent presurgical workup for epilepsy surgery with preoperative simultaneous MEG and subdural iEEG recordings, were investigated. HGOs in iEEG were detected automatically and served as triggers for averaging and localization of simultaneous MEG data. iEEG‐HGOs were detected in all patients and MEG‐HGOs in five patients. HGOs were highly associated with epileptic networks and correctly identified seizure‐onset zones in five (MEG) and six patients (iEEG). Minimum‐norm source analysis of MEG data yielded concordant localizations. Noninvasive analysis of HGOs may allow investigation of epileptic networks independent of spikes and seizures. Determination of sensitivity and specificity, as well as development of MEG‐HGO analysis without the need of iEEG should be addressed in a larger study.
Patient‐reported outcome of pediatric epilepsy surgery: Social inclusion or exclusion as young adults?
Authors: Lach Lucyna M. , Elliott Irene , Giecko Tiffany , Olds Janet , Snyder Thomas , McCleary Lynn , Whiting Sharon , Lowe Alan , Nimigon Jodie , Smith Mary Lou 
Published: May 2010

SummaryPurpose:  The purpose of this study was to examine the social relationships and participation in educational, vocational, and community life in young adults who had undergone epilepsy surgery during childhood or adolescence.Methods:  This was a retrospective, cross‐sectional, case‐controlled, and multisite design study. Findings were compared between young adults who had undergone epilepsy surgery and were seizure‐free in the previous 12 months (n = 38), those who had undergone epilepsy surgery and were not seizure‐free (n = 33), and a group of individuals with epilepsy who had not undergone surgery (n = 31).Results:  The surgical seizure‐free group had significantly better general social well‐being than the other two groups. Specifically, these participants were employed for more months over the past year, were less likely to report that epilepsy had affected their employment, and were more likely to belong to at least one community organization. However, these participants were not any more likely to be involved in a relationship than those in the other two groups. In addition, there were no group differences in the reported number of friends or the frequency of visits with friends, or in what participants described as their principal activity (i.e., student, employed or unemployed).Discussion:  There are a number of benefits to social functioning associated with having had epilepsy surgery and being seizure‐free in the past year. Further research is recommended to increase our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the social and personal challenges that these individuals face.
A Six‐Month Assessment of Oral Health‐Related Quality of Life of Complete Denture Wearers Using Denture Adhesive: A Pilot Study
Authors: Nicolas Emmanuel , Veyrune Jean‐luc , Lassauzay Claire 
Published: April 2010

Abstract Purpose: Edentulism and conventional complete denture treatment have been shown to have a negative impact on oral health quality of life (OHQoL). The use of an adhesive agent can provide an alternative to implant‐supported prostheses. The objective of this study was to show that new complete dentures using a denture adhesive (DA) improve oral health‐related quality of life. Materials and Methods: The oral health QoL of 143 patients was assessed after 3 months of wearing new complete dentures. Fourteen participants presented a low geriatric oral health assessment index (GOHAI) score and were included in this study and asked to use a DA. Oral health QoL and masticatory parameters were assessed at the beginning of the study, then at 3 and 6 months. Results: Significant improvements were observed in the scores obtained for each field of GOHAI (function, pain, discomfort, psychosocial); however, even after use of the DA, no statistically significant change in masticatory parameters was found. Conclusions: These results show that using a DA may improve subjects’ ability to manage conventional dentures and enhance their oral quality of life. A larger, prospective, multicenter study is subsequently needed to confirm these results.
Effect of Transection of the Caudal Menisco‐Tibial Ligament on Medial Femorotibial Contact Mechanics
Authors: Pozzi Antonio , Kim Stanley E. , Lewis Daniel D. 
Published: April 2010

Objective:To evaluate the effect of transection of the medial caudal menisco‐tibial ligament on contact mechanics in a canine cadaveric model of cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture and tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO).Study Design:Ex vivo biomechanical study.Sample Population:Unpaired pelvic limbs (n=8) from 28–35 kg dogs.Methods:Cadaveric pelvic limbs with CCL‐deficient stifles stabilized with TPLO were axially loaded using a material testing machine with 30% body weight and a stifle angle of 135°. Medial compartment femorotibial contact force and area, peak and mean contact pressure, and peak pressure location were measured with pressure sensors. A paired t‐test was used for comparison;P<.05 was considered significant.Results:Transection of the caudal menisco‐tibial ligament resulted in a significant decrease in contact area, from 145 ± 24 to 71 ± 25 mm2(P<.001) and a significant increase in peak pressure magnitude from 2.9 ± 0.4 to 4.1 ± 0.5 MPa (P<.001). Transection of the caudal menisco‐tibial ligament caused a significant increase in load in the caudal portion of the medial compartment (P<.001).Conclusions:Our results suggest that transecting the caudal menisco‐tibial ligament eliminates the load bearing function of the medial meniscus and results in significant changes in medial femorotibial contact mechanics.Clinical Relevance:The abnormal cartilage contact stresses after transection of the caudal menisco‐tibial ligament may have a negative impact on the cartilage homeostasis and predispose to further degeneration of the medial compartment after TPLO.
Tibial Plateau Leveling and Medial Opening Crescentic Osteotomy for Treatment of Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture in Dogs with Tibia Vara
Authors: Fitzpatrick Noel , Johnson Jacqueline , Hayashi Kei , Girling Sarah , Yeadon Russell 
Published: April 2010

Objective:To report clinical application of a tibial plateau leveling and medial opening crescentic osteotomy (TPLMOCO) by a single blade cut to ameliorate lameness in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture (CCLR) and concurrent tibia vara.Study Design:Case series.Animals:Bullmastiff‐type dogs (n=4; 5 stifles).Methods:Dogs were evaluated clinically and radiographically and records retrospectively reviewed. Pins were driven through both cortices of the proximal and distal tibia and a multidirectional jig attached medially. Tibial plateau leveling osteotomy was performed with torsional realignment of the calcaneo‐patellar axis. A rigid connecting bar applied to the pins laterally before distraction of the medial jig allowed medial opening of the osteotomy while maintaining contact on the lateral aspect of the osteotomy. A 3.5 mm plate was applied.Results:Meniscal and articular cartilage pathology was identified in the medial joint compartment in 4 stifles, and in both medial and lateral compartments in 1 stifle. Postoperatively, subjectively assessed lameness resolved in 4/5 limbs and improved in 1 limb. All osteotomies healed uneventfully, with superficial wound infection being the only complication in 1 dog.Conclusions:TPLMOCO is a potential treatment methodology for dogs with CCLR and tibia vara with or without tibial torsion. Clinical lameness was successfully ameliorated. Intraoperative assessment and correction of sagittal and rotational malalignment was sufficient to achieve satisfactory clinical outcome in these 4 dogs.Clinical Relevance:TPLMOCO offers a potential treatment option and warrants further investigation for use in selected cases.
Thermal Imaging of Normal and Cranial Cruciate Ligament‐Deficient Stifles in Dogs
Authors: Infernuso Tomas , Loughin Catherine A. , Marino Dominic J. , Umbaugh Scott E. , Solt Patrick S. 
Published: April 2010

Objective:To investigate the capability of thermography for differentiation between normal stifles and those with cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture in dogs, initially with a full hair coat and 1 hour after clipping the hair coat.Study Design:Prospective study.Animals:Labrador Retrievers (n=6) with normal stifle joints (controls) and adult dogs (n=10) with CCL rupture.Methods:Thermography was performed before, and 60 minutes after, clipping the hair coat from the pelvic limb. Stifle images were classified as normal or abnormal, then subclassified as clipped and unclipped hair coat. CCL deficiency was confirmed at surgery and thermographic images subsequently classified as abnormal before analysis with image processing software.Results:Using image recognition analysis, differentiation between normal and CCL‐deficient stifles in both clipped and unclipped dogs was 85% successful on cranial images, medial, caudal, and lateral images were between 75% and 85% successful. Although there were significant increases in skin temperature after clipping in both groups (P<.0002–.0001), there were no significant temperature differences between normal and CCL‐deficient stifles when the entire stifle was examined.Conclusion:Thermography was successful in differentiating naturally occurring CCL‐deficient stifles in dogs, with a success rate of 75–85%. Clipping is not necessary for successful thermographic evaluation of the canine stifle.Clinical Relevance:Thermography may be a useful imaging modality for diagnosis of CCL deficiency in dogs when CCL rupture is suspected but stifle laxity is not evident.
Human immunodeficiency virus test‐seeking blood donors in a large blood bank in São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Goncalez Thelma , Sabino Ester , Sales Nanci , Chen Yea‐Hung , Chamone Dalton , Busch Michael , Murphy Edward , Custer Brian , McFarland Willi 
Published: May 2010

BACKGROUND: Persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk behaviors are excluded from donation to reduce the risk of transfusion‐transmitted infection. Persons donating to be tested for HIV may therefore deny risk behaviors.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A random sample of donors completed a survey on motivations, knowledge, and attitudes on the screening process. Donors were considered test seekers if they agreed with two statements “I think that blood donation is a good, fast, and anonymous way to get my blood tested” and “I donate to get my test results.” This study was conducted from June to November 2006 at the largest blood bank in São Paulo, Brazil.RESULTS: Of 3061 participants, 208 (7%) were test seekers. They tended to be male and had a lower educational level. They were more likely to have incorrect knowledge about blood safety (e.g., not knowing that a unit can test antibody negative and still transmit infection, 50% vs. 42%, p = 0.02), express dissatisfaction with screening questions (e.g., feeling that important questions were not asked, 14% vs. 5%, p < 0.01), and concur that donors do not answer questions truthfully (e.g., donors have more sexual partners than they admit, 29% vs. 18%, p < 0.01). Test seekers were more likely to believe that it is acceptable to donate blood to get tested for HIV (41% vs. 10%, p < 0.01).CONCLUSIONS: Test‐seeking motivation, coupled with low knowledge of window period risk, is counter to improving blood safety and to donor prevention needs. Donor education needs to be improved along with availability of appropriate HIV counseling and testing.
Impact of the May 12, 2008, earthquake on blood donations across five Chinese blood centers
Authors: Liu Jing , Huang Yi , Wang Jingxing , Bi Xinhong , Li Julin , Lu Yunlai , Wen Xiuqiong , Yao Fuzhu , Dong Xiangdong , He Weilan , Huang Mei , Ma Hongli , Mei Heili , King Melissa , Wright David J. , Ness Paul M. , Shan Hua ,   for the REDS II International China Study
Published: May 2010

BACKGROUND: On May 12, 2008, a severe earthquake struck China's Sichuan Province. The nationwide outpouring of charity resulted in a surge of subsequent blood donations. The quantity and quality of these donations were examined in comparison with routine donations.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Whole blood and apheresis donations from five geographically different blood centers collected within 1 week postearthquake were compared with those collected during the rest of the year. Regional differences, demographic characteristics, first‐time and repeat donor status, and infectious disease screening markers associated with these donations were compared by earthquake status using chi‐square statistics. Poisson regression analysis examined the number of daily donations by earthquake status after adjusting for center, day of week, and seasonal variations.RESULTS: The number of daily donations across five blood centers increased from 685 on a typical day to 1151 in the postearthquake week. The surge was observed in both sexes and across different education levels, age, and ethnicity groups and three blood centers and was significant after adjusting for confounding covariates. The influx of first‐time donors (89.5%) was higher than that of repeat donors (34%). There was a significant change in the overall screening reactive marker rates excluding alanine aminotransferase (2.06% vs. 1.72%% vs. 4.96%). However, when the individual screening test was analyzed separately, no significant differences were found.CONCLUSION: Timely donations in response to a disaster are crucial to ensure emergency blood transfusion. The dramatically increased postearthquake donations suggest that Chinese blood centers are capable of handling emergency blood needs. Measures to maintain blood safety should be taken in times of emergency.
Noninvasive pH measurement to monitor changes during suboptimal storage of platelet concentrates
Authors: Krause Michael , Doescher Andrea , Zimmermann Beate , Müller Thomas H. 
Published: May 2010

BACKGROUND: Noninvasive pH measurement of platelet concentrates (PCs) was evaluated as a tool for the quality control of PC storage by simulating worst‐case conditions.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: PCs from pooling four buffy coats in 70% PAS‐3M were both stored in bags wrapped to impair gas permeability and agitated or not until Day 9 of storage. pH values measured both in samples (electrode, blood gas analyzer) and noninvasively by fluorimetry (BCSI pH1000, Blood Cell Storage, Inc.) were compared groupwise and to changes in platelet (PLT) size and biochemical variables.RESULTS: The noninvasive pH measurements agreed well with the results from each of the two reference methods (R2 > 0.9) in a wide range of pH values between 6.4 and 7.5. Changes of the pH of PCs (n = 64) by all interventions (agitation or resting plus occlusion by 0, 25, 50, or 100%; n = 8/group) were subtle but already significant after 20 to 24 hours of treatment in comparison to the controls. A steady state after Day 6 and reductions up to a mean pH of approximately 6.5 were observed. The extent of manipulation determined both the absolute pH differences to the controls and the interindividual variation of pH changes. Termination of the agitation significantly enhanced pH reduction by surface blockade. Significant changes were also observed for the mean PLT volume, β‐thromboglobulin, and soluble P‐selectin.CONCLUSION: Noninvasive pH measurement in PCs using this technique reliably detects pH changes of 0.1 or more. Storage of PLTs in buffered additive solution requires profound impairment of gas exchange to trigger a substantial decline in pH.
The immunohistochemical expression of BNIP3 protein in non‐small‐cell lung cancer: a tissue microarray study
Authors: ÜBERALL IVO , KOLEK VÍTĚZSLAV , KLEIN JIR̆Í , KREJČÍ Veronika , ŠŤASTNÁ JITKA , RADOVÁ LENKA , ŠKarda Josef , FRIDMAN EDDIE 
Published: May 2010

Überall I, Kolek V, Klein J, Krejčí V, Šťastná J, Radová L, Škarda J, Fridman E. The immunohistochemical expression of BNIP3 protein in non‐small‐cell lung cancer: a tissue microarray study. APMIS 2010; 118: 565–70.Drug resistance is one of the reasons for chemotherapy failure in non‐small‐cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). One of the major mechanisms of drug resistance is the inhibition of chemotherapy‐induced apoptosis. Therefore, the study of novel cell death pathways could possibly enable us to overcome resistance to apoptosis in NSCLC. One of the non‐caspase types of cell death is autophagy. BNIP3 protein, a Bcl‐2 family member, highly expressed in some tumours, plays a key role in the induction of autophagy. In the present study, we investigated the immunohistochemical expression and subcellular localization of BNIP3 in a series of early‐ and late‐stage non‐small‐cell lung carcinomas and normal bronchial tissues, and correlated this expression with the occurrence of metastasis and survival. BNIP3 was strongly expressed in the nucleus of cancer cells in 16/79 (20.3%) cases. This BNIP3 positivity did not correlate with histological grade, stage, histology type, metastatic potential, or expression of BNIP3 according to median values. No significant correlation was observed between the expression of BNIP3 and the overall survival of NSCLC patients (p = 0.55). Nor did we find any significant correlation between BNIP3 expression and the occurrence of site‐specific metastasis (p = 0.85).