bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The synthesis and spectroscopic properties of 3‐(2′,4′‐Xylyl)‐1H,3H‐quinazoline‐2,4‐diones
Authors: Vigne Christian , Buti Marielle , Montginoul Claude , Torreilles Eliane , Giral Louis 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe synthesis of 3‐(2′,4′‐xylyl)‐1H,3H‐quinazoline‐2,4‐diones (1a, 9a‐j) has been accomplished. Their pmr and ir spectra data for all compounds are presented.
Model reactions in the pseudonucleoside series
Authors: Fissekis John D. , Lehnberg James W. , Sweet Frederick , Lipnick Robert L. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA series of pseudonucleoside analogs has been prepared from the base‐catalyzed condensation of methyl 3,3‐dimelhoxy‐2‐(telrahydrofuran‐2‐yl)propionate with urea and thiourea, followed by cyclization(s) with acid, bromine and peroxyformic acid. Some of their reactions which lead to other model pseudonucleosides are reported.
Carbon‐13 NMR investigation of the protonation and quaternization of azoloazines with a bridgehead nitrogen
Authors: Pugmire Ronald J. , Smith James C. , Grant David M. , Stanovnik Branko , Tišler Miha 
Published: April 2009

AbstractCarbon‐13 nmr techniques have been employed to study imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine, imidazo‐[ 1,2‐b]pyridazine, s‐triazolo[4,3‐b]pyridazine, and s‐triazolo[ 1,5‐b]pyridazine and their N‐1 quaternized derivatives. The data on quaternized derivatives have been analyzed to determine the tautomeric structures possible in the protonated derivatives. The data suggest that protonation at the bridgehead nitrogen does not occur in these compounds and, of the possible tautomerie forms, the N‐1 tautomer predominates.
Carbonation of 3‐pyridinols
Authors: Mutterer F. , Weis C. D. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractProcedures are described for the high pressure carbonation of substituted 3‐pyridinols, yielding the corresponding pyridine carboxylic acids. Treatment of o‐aminohydroxypyridinecarboxylic acid with cyanogen and with phosgene, respectively, gave access to oxazolo[4,5‐b]pyridine derivatives. The synthesis of 3‐amino‐6‐methyl‐2‐pyridinecarboxylic acid was accomplished by heating 3‐hydroxy‐6‐methyl‐2‐pyridinecarboxylic acid in liquid ammonia.
Transformations of some substituted methylene heterocycles with some nucleophiles
Authors: Drobnič‐Košorok M. , Jernejc‐Pfundner K. , Peternel J. , Stanovnik B. , Tišler M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractTo the ring nitrogen substituted o‐methylene derivatives of pyridine, pyridazine, quinoline and isoquinoline were transformed into the corresponding pyrazolyl derivatives when treated with hydrazine hydrate. On the other hand, the substituted methylene derivatives of quinoline or isoquinoline were transformed with aqueous sodium hydroxide or with sodium ethylate into 2‐methylquinoline or 1‐methylisoquinoline. This reaction represents a facile introduction of a methyl group in the above mentioned heterocycles.
Partial methylation of quercetin: Direct synthesis of tamarixetin, ombuin and ayanin
Authors: Rao Koppaka V. , Owoyale Jacob A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMethylalion of the penlahydroxy flavone, quercetin, was observed to proceed in distinct stages. From the reaction mixture (methyl sulfale/potassium carbonate/acetone), the isolation of three major intermediates, a mono‐, a di‐ and a trimethyl ether and their identification as the naturally occurring ethers: tamarixelin, ombuin and ayanin is described.
Preparation of fluorescently‐labeled amyloid‐beta peptide assemblies: the effect of fluorophore conjugation on structure and function
Authors: Jungbauer L. M. , Yu C. , Laxton K. J. , LaDu M. J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractRecent research has focused on soluble oligomeric assemblies of the 42 amino acid isoform of the amyloid‐beta peptide (Aβ42) as the proximal cause of neuronal injury, synaptic loss, and the eventual dementia associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). While neurotoxicity, neuroinflammation, and deficits in behavior and memory have all been attributed to oligomeric Aβ42, the specific roles for this assembly in the cellular neuropathology of AD remain poorly understood. In particular, lack of reliable and well‐characterized forms of easily detectable Aβ42 oligomers has hindered study of the cellular trafficking of exogenous Aβ42 by neurons in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, the objective of this study is to fluorescently label soluble oligomeric Aβ42 without altering the structure or function of this assembly. Previous studies have demonstrated the advantages of using tapping mode atomic force microscopy (AFM) to characterize the structural assemblies formed by synthetic Aβ42 under specific solution conditions (e.g., oligomers, protofibrils, and fibrils). Here, we extend these methods to establish a strategy for fluorescent labeling of oligomeric Aβ42 assemblies that are structurally comparable to unlabeled oligomeric Aβ42. To compare function, we demonstrate that the uptake of labeled and unlabeled oligomeric Aβ42 by neurons in vitro is similar. AFM‐characterized fluorophore‐Aβ42 oligomers are an exciting new reagent for use in a variety of studies designed to elucidate critical cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the functions of this Aβ42 assembly form in AD. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acidity, nutrient stocks, and organic‐matter content in soils of a temperate deciduous forest with different abundance of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)
Authors: Guckland Anja , Jacob Mascha , Flessa Heiner , Thomas Frank M. , Leuschner Christoph 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe production and composition of leaf litter, soil acidity, exchangeable nutrients, and the amount and distribution of soil organic matter were analyzed in a broad‐leaved mixed forest on loess over limestone in Central Germany. The study aimed at determining the current variability of surface‐soil acidification and nutrient status, and at identifying and evaluating the main factors that contributed to the variability of these soil properties along a gradient of decreasing predominance of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and increasing tree‐species diversity. Analyses were carried out in (1) mature monospecific stands with a predominance of beech (DL 1), (2) mature stands dominated by three deciduous‐tree species (DL 2: beech, ash [Fraxinus excelsior L.], lime [Tilia cordata Mill. and/or T. platyphyllos Scop.]), and (3) mature stands dominated by five deciduous‐tree species (DL 3: beech, ash, lime, hornbeam [Carpinus betulus L.], maple [Acer pseudoplatanus L. and/or A. platanoides L.]).The production of leaf litter was similar in all stands (3.2 to 3.9 Mg dry matter ha–1 y–1) but the total quantity of Ca and Mg deposited on the soil surface by leaf litter increased with increasing tree‐species diversity and decreasing abundance of beech (47 to 88 kg Ca ha–1 y–1; 3.8 to 7.9 kg Mg ha–1 y–1). The soil pH(H2O) and base saturation (BS) measured at three soil depths down to 30 cm (0–10 cm, 10–20 cm, 20–30 cm) were lower in stands dominated by beech (pH = 4.2 to 4.4, BS = 15% to 20%) than in mixed stands (pH = 5.1 to 6.5, BS = 80% to 100%). The quantities of exchangeable Al and Mn increased with decreasing pH and were highest beneath beech. Total stocks of exchangeable Ca (0–30 cm) were 12 to 15 times larger in mixed stands (6660 to 9650 kg ha–1) than in beech stands (620 kg ha–1). Similar results were found for stocks of exchangeable Mg that were 4 to 13 times larger in mixed stands (270 to 864 kg ha–1) than in beech stands (66 kg ha–1). Subsoil clay content and differences in litter composition were identified as important factors that contributed to the observed variability of soil acidification and stocks of exchangeable Ca and Mg. Organic‐C accumulation in the humus layer was highest in beech stands (0.81 kg m–2) and lowest in stands with the highest level of tree‐species diversity and the lowest abundance of beech (0.27 kg m–2).The results suggest that redistribution of nutrients via leaf litter has a high potential to increase BS in these loess‐derived surface soils that are underlain by limestone. Species‐related differences of the intensity of soil–tree cation cycling can thus influence the rate of soil acidification and the stocks and distribution of nutrients.
LRRK2 mutations and risk variants in Japanese patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Zabetian Cyrus P. , Yamamoto Mitsutoshi , Lopez Alexis N. , Ujike Hiroshi , Mata Ignacio F. , Izumi Yuishin , Kaji Ryuji , Maruyama Hirofumi , Morino Hiroyuki , Oda Masaya , Hutter Carolyn M. , Edwards Karen L. , Schellenberg Gerard D. , Tsuang Debby W. , Yearout Dora , Larson Eric B. , Kawakami Hideshi 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMutations in the leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene are the most common genetic determinant of Parkinson's disease (PD) in European‐derived populations, but far less is known about LRRK2 mutations and susceptibility alleles in Asians. To address this issue, we sequenced the LRRK2 coding region in 36 patients with familial PD, then genotyped variants of interest in an additional 595 PD cases and 1,641 controls who were all of Japanese ancestry. We also performed a meta‐analysis of studies on G2385R, a polymorphism previously reported to associate with PD. One pathogenic (G2019S) and one putative pathogenic (R1067Q) mutation were each observed in two patients with sporadic PD. The overall mutation frequency among patients was 0.6%. G2385R was highly associated with PD under a dominant model in our dataset (adjusted OR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.31–2.54; P = 3.3 × 10−4) and similar results were seen in the meta‐analysis (summary OR assuming fixed effects, 2.55; 95% CI, 2.10–3.10). G2385R represents the first consistently replicated common PD susceptibility variant in a non‐European population and its effect size is substantially greater than that reported for other well‐validated genetic risk factors for the disease. However, LRRK2 mutations appear to be rare among Japanese patients with PD. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Nah an der Lösung: MS in der Koordinationschemie
Authors: Streb Carsten , Wilson Elizabeth F. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractStrukturelle Informationen über labile Koordinationsverbindungen in Lösung sind nur schwer erhältlich. Massenspektrometrie mit sanften Ionisierungstechniken kann hier weiterhelfen: Sie liefert Informationen über Aufbau und Verhalten von labilen Komplexen in flüssiger Phase.
Identification and characterization of proteins interacting with SIRT1 and SIRT3: implications in the anti‐aging and metabolic effects of sirtuins
Authors: Law Ivy K. M. , Liu Ling , Xu Aimin , Lam Karen S. L. , Vanhoutte Paul M. , Che Chi‐Ming , Leung Priscilla T. Y. , Wang Yu 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSirtuins are a family of NAD+‐dependent protein deacetylases that regulate cellular functions through deacetylation of a wide range of protein targets. Overexpression of Sir2, the first gene discovered in this family, is able to extend the life span in various organisms. The anti‐aging effects of human homologues of sirtuins, SIRT1‐7, have also been suggested by animal and human association studies. However, the precise mechanisms whereby sirtuins exert their anti‐aging effects remain elusive. In this study, we aim to identify novel interacting partners of SIRT1 and SIRT3, two human sirtuins ubiquitously expressed in many tissue types. Our results demonstrate that SIRT1 and SIRT3 are localized within different intracellular compartments, mainly nuclei and mitochondria, respectively. Using affinity purification and MALDI‐TOF/TOF‐MS/MS analysis, their potential interacting partners have been identified from the enriched subcellular fractions and specific interactions confirmed by co‐immunoprecipitation and Western blotting experiment. Further analyses suggest that overexpression of SIRT1 or SIRT3 in HEK293 cells could induce hypoacetylation and affect the intracellular localizations and protein stabilities of their interacting partners. Taken together, the present study has identified a number of novel SIRT protein interacting partners, which might be critically involved in the anti‐aging and metabolic regulatory activities of sirtuins.
Interspecies comparison of prostate cancer gene‐expression profiles reveals genes associated with aggressive tumors
Authors: Kela Itai , Harmelin Alon , Waks Tova , Orr‐Urtreger Avi , Domany Eytan , Eshhar Zelig 
Published: April 2009

AbstractProstate cancer (PC) is a heterogeneous disease whose aggressive phenotype is the second leading cause of cancer‐related death in men. The identification of key molecules and pathways that play a pivotal role in PC progression towards an aggressive form is crucial. A major effort towards this end has been taken by global analyses of gene expression profiles. However, the large body of data did not provide a definitive idea about the genes which are associated with the aggressive growth of PC. In order to identify such genes, we performed an interspecies comparison between several human data sets and high quality microarray data that we generated from the transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP) strain. The TRAMP PC mimics the histological and pathological appearance as well as the aggressive phenotype of human PC (huPC). Analysis of the microarray data, derived from microdissected TRAMP specimens removed at different stages of the disease yielded genetic signatures delineating the TRAMP PC development and progression. Comparison of the TRAMP data with a set of genes representing the core expression signature of huPC yielded a limited set genes. Some of these genes are known predictors of poor prognosis in huPC. Interestingly, the modulation of genes responsible for the invasive phenotype of huPC occurs in TRAMP already during the transition to prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and onwards to localized tumors. We therefore suggest that critical oncogenic events leading to an aggressive phenotype of huPC can be studied in the PIN stage of TRAMP. Prostate 69:1034–1044, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of the gastrin‐releasing peptide receptor, the prostate stem cell antigen and the prostate‐specific membrane antigen in lymph node and bone metastases of prostate cancer
Authors: Ananias Hildo J.K. , van den Heuvel Marius C. , Helfrich Wijnand , de Jong Igle J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractOBJECTIVECell membrane antigens like the gastrin‐releasing peptide receptor (GRPR), the prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA), and the prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA), expressed in prostate cancer, are attractive targets for new therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Therefore, we investigated in this study whether these antigens are expressed in metastasized prostate cancer.METHODSFormalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded specimens of 15 patients with uni‐ or bilateral lymph node metastases of prostate cancer (totaling 21 cases) and 17 patient‐cases of bone metastases were processed for immunohistochemistry with anti‐GRPR, anti‐PSCA, and anti‐PSMA antibodies. A pathologist blinded to clinical and pathological data scored the immunoreactivity for these antibodies on a four‐point scale (0 = no staining; 1+ = weak staining; 2+ = moderate staining; 3+ = strong staining) and documented the distribution pattern.RESULTSGRPR staining in lymph node metastases was seen in 85.7% of cases (18 of 21 cases), PSCA in 95.2% (20/21), and PSMA in 100% (21/21). GRPR in bone metastases was seen in 52.9% of cases (9/17), PSCA in 94.1% (16/17), and PSMA in 100% (17/17).CONCLUSIONWe have shown for the first time that GRPR is expressed in the vast majority of lymph node metastases and in 52.9% of bone metastases of prostate cancer. PSCA and PSMA are both highly expressed in lymph node and bone metastases. Although PSCA and PSMA are mostly expressed in prostate cancer metastases, GRPR offers an interesting alternative target as it can be targeted relatively easy with peptide‐based (radio)pharmaceuticals. Prostate 69:1101–1108, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Heliumpartialdrucksensor statt Massenspektrometer im Helium‐Leckdetektor
Authors: Wetzig D. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractDie Dichtheitsprüfung mit Helium als Prüfgas ist in der industriellen Fertigung zur Qualitätssicherung etabliert. Insbesondere bei Applikationen mit hohen Anforderungen zu Genauigkeit und Nachweisgrenze steht kein alternatives Verfahren zur Verfügung.In den Prüfanlagen erfolgt der Nachweis des Heliums bisher mit massenspektroskopischen Methoden. Hierzu sind Hochvakuumbedingungen notwendig. Die Sicherstellung dieser Bedingung in der Industrieumgebung ist zeitaufwendig und kostenintensiv.Der neuartige Wise TechnoloyTM Sensor weist Helium unabhängig vom Umgebungsdruck bis hin zum atmosphärischen Druck nach. Die Anforderungen an das Pumpsystem in den Prüfanlagen sind also drastisch geringer, bzw. das Pumpsystem kann komplett entfallen.Im Sensor wird zum Heliumnachweis mit einer sehr dünnen, beheizten Quarzmembran das Helium von anderen Luftbestandteilen getrennt. In einem gekapselten, evakuierten Volumen hinter der separierenden Membran wird mit hoher Präzision der Totaldruck gemessen. Die gute Selektivität der Quarzmembran für Helium ermöglicht die Gleichsetzung des gemessenen Totaldrucks mit dem Heliumpartialdruck.Im Artikel wird das Prinzip und die Eigenschaft des neuartigen Sensors beschrieben. Die Stärken dieses Nachweises werden anhand von Applikationsbeispielen aufgezeigt.
Fabry disease in a patient with Turner syndrome
Authors: Brouns R. , Eyskens F. , De Boeck K. , Ceuterick‐de Groote C. , Van den Broeck M. , Van Broeckhoven C. , De Deyn P. P. 
Published: April 2009

SummaryWe report a unique case with co‐occurrence of Turner syndrome and Fabry disease (OMIM #301500). The latter is a rare X‐linked lysosomal storage disease that is characterized by partial or complete deficiency of α‐galactosidase A (GLA; EC 3.2.1.22) following mutations in the gene (GLA) localized at Xq22.1. Accumulation of metabolic intermediates can occur in many tissues and leads to severe morbidity, especially due to renal failure, cardiac involvement and stroke. It is well established that hemizygous male mutation carriers with Fabry disease are generally more severely affected than heterozygous female mutation carriers, but disabling clinical features and disease progression often occur in female Fabry patients as well. The majority of this patient's cells are of the 45,X type, making her a hemizygous GLA mutation carrier displaying a very severe Fabry disease phenotype.
Association analysis of TNFRSF1B polymorphisms with type 2 diabetes and its related traits in North India
Authors: Tabassum Rubina , Chavali Sreenivas , Mahajan Anubha , Ghosh Saurabh , Madhu S. V. , Tandon Nikhil , Bharadwaj Dwaipayan 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Inflammation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and various lines of evidences suggest an important contribution of type 2 receptor for TNFα (TNFR2), a mediator of inflammatory responses. Though genetic association of TNFRSF1B (encoding TNFR2) polymorphisms have been investigated in various studies, their involvement is not clear because of inconsistent findings. Because of high susceptibility of Indian population to type 2 diabetes and its complications, we evaluated the association of TNFRSF1B polymorphisms-rs1061622 (M196R; exon6) and rs3397 (3′UTR) and (CA)
n
repeat (intron 4) in 1,852 subjects including 1,040 cases and 812 controls with type 2 diabetes and its associated peripheral neuropathy and hypertension in North Indians of Indo-European ethnicity. The allelic and genotypic distributions of these polymorphisms were comparable among healthy control vs. type 2 diabetes, peripheral neuropathy vs. non-neuropathy and hypertensive vs. normotensive groups. (CA)
n
polymorphism has been shown to be associated with diabetic neuropathy in Caucasians, however, this could not be replicated in our study (P = 0.27). None of the polymorphisms were found to influence the 14 anthropometric and biochemical traits related to type 2 diabetes studied here. Thus, we conclude that TNFRSF1B is not a major contributing factor to the genetic risk of type 2 diabetes, its associated peripheral neuropathy and hypertension and related metabolic traits in North Indians.
Availability of free fruits and vegetables at canteen lunch improves lunch and daily nutritional profiles: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Lachat Carl K. , Verstraeten Roosmarijn , De Meulenaer Bruno , Menten Joris , Huybregts Lieven F. , Van Camp John , Roberfroid Dominique , Kolsteren Patrick W. 
Published: April 2009

Canteens are known to be promising settings for activities to promote intake of fruits and vegetables, but it remains unclear to what extent distributing free fruits and vegetables can influence dietary patterns of customers. The present study evaluated the effect of providing fruits and vegetables for free in a university canteen on the daily diet of university canteen customers. Canteen customers (n 209) were randomly allocated to a fruit and vegetable group (FVG) and a control group (CG). FVG participants were given two portions of fruits and one portion of vegetables for free at lunchtime. Food and beverage intake was measured using a dietary record for 3 d and dietary quality was appraised using a comprehensive scoring system. The FVG participants ate 80 g more fruits (P < 0·01) and 108 g more vegetables (P < 0·001) on a daily basis compared with the CG participants. No differences were found for energy density, total energy, Na and energy from fat between the groups per day. A higher intake of fruits and vegetables was observed at lunch and of vegetables during the dinner and evening snacks. The FVG participants were more likely to comply with dietary recommendations for fruits and vegetables and had a better dietary profile on the study days and for the lunch consumed on those days. The results of the present study demonstrate how modifications of a canteen lunch can be instrumental to enhance the nutritional quality of lunch as well as the overall quality of the diet of the customers.
What is the Order Among the Varieties of Goodness? A Question Posed by von Wright; and a Conjecture Made by Aristotle
Authors: Wiggins David 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe great variousness and plurality of goodness has given comfort to general scepticism about values and a multitude of metaethical attitudes or predilections. But is this variousness and plurality really the hotch-potch it has appeared? The paper recapitulates and expands von Wright's typology of the varieties of goodness and looks to explain the order or system that underlies the phenomena by developing and extending a conjecture of Aristotle's, the so-called ‘focal hypothesis’, and combining therewith a suggestion of von Wright's, to the effect that the central case of something good is the faring well of a being. By means of focal hypothesis, one may account fairly well for medical, technical, instrumental, beneficial and utilitarian goodness. Other varieties such as hedonic and ethical goodness complicate the picture, as also do all cases where it seems that an antecedent kind of goodness impinges upon a being. These complications mirror in part the finding that the human scale of values is not a scale exclusively of human values.