bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Staging of α‐synuclein in the olfactory bulb in a model of Parkinson's disease: Cell types involved
Authors: Ubeda‐Bañon Isabel , Saiz‐Sanchez Daniel , de la Rosa‐Prieto Carlos , Mohedano‐Moriano Alicia , Fradejas Noelia , Calvo Soledad , Argandoña‐Palacios Lucia , Garcia‐Muñozguren Susana , Martinez‐Marcos Alino 
Published: June 2010

AbstractImpaired olfaction is an early symptom of Parkinson's disease. The underlying neuropathology likely includes α‐synucleinopathy in the olfactory bulb at an earlier stage (Braak's stage1) than pathology in the substantia nigra, which is not observed until stage 3. In this report, we investigated the distribution and cell types affected by α‐synuclein in the olfactory bulb of transgenic mice (2–8 months of age) expressing the human A53T variant of α‐synuclein. α‐Synuclein immunostaining progressively affects interneurons and mitral cells. Double labeling studies demonstrate that dopaminergic cells are hardly involved, whereas glutamatergic‐ and calcium binding protein‐positive cells are severely affected. This temporal evolution and the cell types expressing α‐synuclein are reminiscent of idiopathic Parkinson's disease and support the usefulness of this model to address specific topics in the premotor phase of the disease. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Protein kinases CK1 and CK2 as new targets for neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Perez Daniel I. , Gil Carmen , Martinez Ana 
Published: June 2010

AbstractFollowing the discovery of the human kinome, protein kinases have become the second most important group of drug targets as they can be modulated by small ligand molecules. Moreover, orally active protein kinase inhibitors have recently reached the market and there are many more in clinical trials. The lack of treatments for neurodegenerative diseases has increased human and financial efforts in the search for new therapeutic targets that could provide new effective drug candidates. The importance of kinases in the molecular pathway of neuronal survival is under study, but different key pathways have been described. New roles for the old casein kinases 1 and 2, currently known as protein kinases CK1 and CK2, have recently been discovered in the molecular pathology of different neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The search for specific inhibitors of these enzymes has become an important challenge for the treatment of these devastating diseases. The role of these two kinases in the molecular pathology of different neurodegenerative diseases together with different chemical families that are able to more or less specifically inhibit CK1 and CK2 are discussed in this review. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev 31:924‐954, 2011
Categorical forecasts of convective events using upper air predictors
Authors: Rezacova D , Sokol Z , Pesice P 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAerological data from the European area and Czech ground data were used to derive predictor vectors that would be efficient for making categorical forecasts of convective events over the Czech Republic. A series of simulated forecasts were performed with sets of predictor vectors. The Critical Success Index (CSI) was chosen to be the measure of the forecast accuracy. The convective precipitation and thunderstorms that occurred during the periods <0000,0600>, <0600,1200> and <0000,1200> UTC were forecast with the use of the data from 0000 UTC. Likewise, the data from 1200 UTC were used to predict event occurrences during periods <1200,1800>, <1800,2400> and <1200,2400> UTC. The resultant maximum CSI values corresponding to the different predictands are discussed, and their dependence on the event frequency is described. The Heidke Score and the Equitable Score determined for the predictor vectors with maximum CSI are indicated. The diagnostic predictor vectors can be viewed as the representation of the prognostic information under the Perfect Prog assumption.
Phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: In vivo magnesium measurements in the skeletal muscle of normal subjects
Authors: Ward Kathleen M. , Rajan Sunder S. , Wysong Melissa , Radulovic David , Clauw Daniel J. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to study the skeletal muscle of 33 normal males and 32 females. Free intracellular magnesium levels and the ratios of the phosphorus metabolites were determined. Males had significantly lower free magnesium levels (499.8 μM ± 26.3 μM vs. 530.7 μM ± 36.0 μM, P = 0.001, d.f. = 63, analysis of variance). The free magnesium level (rs = −0.5431, P = 0.001) and the phosphocreatine/inorganic phosphate ratio in males (rs = −0.4102, P = 0.018), and the phosphocreatine/inorganic phosphate ratio in females (rs = −0.4759, P = 0.009) fell with the increasing Minnesota Heart Health Program Questionnaire score.
Tuned fiducial markers to identify body locations with minimal perturbation of tissue magnetization
Authors: Burl Michael , Coutts Glyn A. , Young Ian R. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA fiducial marker is described in which a small cell containing a short T1 solution is surrounded by single‐ or quadrature‐tuned windings. It is shown how these can be used to enhance small externally applied RF pulses, which do not significantly perturb the magnetization of the tissue, to excite the fiducial sample, and get substantial signals from it. The fiducials can be used to mark locations on the body unambiguously for, for example, frameless stereotaxy, and to identify coils, catheters, or other inserted devices.
1H MRS of intramyocellular lipids in soleus muscle at 7 T: Spectral simplification by using long echo times without water suppression
Authors: Ren Jimin , Sherry A. Dean , Malloy Craig R. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe popular short echo time 1H MR spectroscopy acquisition method for detection of intramyocellular lipids suffers from spectral overlap due to the large, broad, and asymmetric extramyocellular lipid signals, the time‐consuming practice of selecting “lean” voxels for spectroscopy, and the overlap of the extramyocellular lipid signal with the creatine methyl 1H signal at ∼3 parts per million (ppm), commonly used as an internal standard. Using an alternative acquisition strategy, spectra with well‐resolved intramyocellular lipids resonances were acquired from large volumes (10 to 15 mL) of human soleus muscle in less than 5 min by single‐voxel 7‐T 1H MR spectroscopy, using an echo time of 280 ms. From the high‐resolution spectra, an average intramyocellular lipid concentration of 7.7 ± 3.5 mmol/kg muscle was found for 25 healthy subjects (male/female 17/8; age 29.4 ± 6.6 years). Since water suppression was not required, the 1H signals from unsaturated intracellular triglycerides at about 5.3 ppm were easily detected, which, in combination with the well‐determined (CH2)n/CH3 intensity ratio at long echo time, enabled assessment of the composition of triglycerides in the intramyocellular lipids compartment. Long‐echo single‐voxel spectroscopy at 7 T offers rapid and convenient acquisition of high‐resolution spectra from human soleus muscle. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multiphase pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling (MP‐PCASL) for robust quantification of cerebral blood flow
Authors: Jung Youngkyoo , Wong Eric C. , Liu Thomas T. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling (PCASL) has been demonstrated to provide the sensitivity of the continuous arterial spin labeling method while overcoming many of the limitations of that method. Because the specification of the phases in the radiofrequency pulse train in PCASL defines the tag and control conditions of the flowing arterial blood, its tagging efficiency is sensitive to factors, such as off‐resonance fields, that induce phase mismatches between the radiofrequency pulses and the flowing spins. As a result, the quantitative estimation of cerebral blood flow with PCASL can exhibit a significant amount of error when these factors are not taken into account. In this paper, the sources of the tagging efficiency loss are characterized and a novel PCASL method that utilizes multiple phase offsets is proposed to reduce the tagging efficiency loss in PCASL. Simulations are performed to evaluate the feasibility and the performance of the proposed method. Quantitative estimates of cerebral blood flow obtained with multiple phase offset PCASL are compared to estimates obtained with conventional PCASL and pulsed arterial spin labeling. Our results show that multiple phase offset PCASL provides robust cerebral blood flow quantification while retaining much of the sensitivity advantage of PCASL. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Magnetic resonance elastography as a method for the assessment of effective myocardial stiffness throughout the cardiac cycle
Authors: Kolipaka Arunark , Araoz Philip A. , McGee Kiaran P. , Manduca Armando , Ehman Richard L. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractMR elastography (MRE) is a noninvasive technique in which images of externally generated waves propagating in tissue are used to measure stiffness. The first aim is to determine, from a range of driver configurations, the optimal driver for the purpose of generating waves within the heart in vivo. The second aim is to quantify the shear stiffness of normal myocardium throughout the cardiac cycle using MRE and to compare MRE stiffness to left ventricular chamber pressure in an in vivo pig model. MRE was performed in six pigs with six different driver setups, including no motion, three noninvasive drivers, and two invasive drivers. MRE wave displacement amplitudes were calculated for each driver. During the same MRI examination, left ventricular pressure and MRI‐measured left ventricular volume were obtained, and MRE myocardial stiffness was calculated for 20 phases of the cardiac cycle. No discernible waves were imaged when no external motion was applied, and a single pneumatic drum driver produced higher amplitude waves than the other noninvasive drivers (P < 0.05). Pressure–volume loops overlaid onto stiffness–volume loops showed good visual agreement. Pressure and MRE‐measured effective stiffness showed good correlation (R2 = 0.84). MRE shows potential as a noninvasive method for estimating effective myocardial stiffness throughout the cardiac cycle. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Management of red cell alloimmunisation in pregnancy: the non‐invasive monitoring of the disease
Authors: Illanes Sebastian , Soothill Peter 
Published: June 2010

AbstractHaemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) due to red cell alloimmunization was a significant cause of fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality until the introduction of anti‐D immunoglobulin, which has dramatically changed the incidence of the disease. However, it is still a major problem in affected pregnancies. The emphasis of current clinical management has shifted from an invasive approach to non‐invasive monitoring of the disease. The key elements of the modern management are determining which fetuses are at risk of HDFN with the use of cell‐free fetal DNA in maternal plasma (fetalRHDgenotype) and the follow‐up of antigen positive fetuses by Doppler ultrasonography to detect anaemia severe enough to need treatment. When anaemia is suspected, an invasive approach is still required in a timely manner for confirmation of the degree of anaemia and to administer blood transfusions. This non‐invasive approach prevents unnecessary administration of human‐derived blood products, with the consequent ethical and cost implications and most importantly avoids iatrogenic conversion of mild to severe disease by avoiding need for techniques such as amniocentesis. The potential problem of the non‐invasive approach is the reduction in the total number of invasive procedures, with the subsequent difficulty of maintaining the skills required to perform them. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis at 20 years
Authors: Simpson Joe Leigh 
Published: June 2010

AbstractFirst reported in 1990, PGD has evolved into a complementary form of prenatal diagnosis offering novel indications. DNA for PGD can be recovered with equal safety and facility from polar bodies I and II, blastomere (8 cell embryo) and trophectoderm (5–6 day blastocyst). Diagnostic accuracy is very high (>99%) for both chromosomal abnormalities and single gene disorders. Traditional application of FISH with chromosome specific probes for detecting aneuploidy and translocations may be replaced or complemented by array comparative genome hybridization (array CGH); biopsied embryos can now be cryopreserved (vitrification) while analysis proceeds in orderly fashion. PGD has been accomplished for over 200 different single gene disorders. Novel indications for PGD not readily applicable by traditional prenatal genetic diagnosis include avoiding clinical pregnancy termination, performing preconceptional diagnosis (polar body I), obtaining prenatal diagnosis without disclosure of prenatal genotype (nondisclosure), diagnosing adult‐onset disorders particularly cancer, and identifying HLA compatible embryos suitable for recovering umbilical cord blood stem cells. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The making of fetal surgery
Authors: Deprest Jan A. , Flake Alan W. , Gratacos Eduard , Ville Yves , Hecher Kurt , Nicolaides Kypros , Johnson Mark P. , Luks François I. , Adzick N. Scott , Harrison Michael R. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractFetal diagnosis prompts the question for fetal therapy in highly selected cases. Some conditions are suitable for in utero surgical intervention. This paper reviews historically important steps in the development of fetal surgery. The first invasive fetal intervention in 1963 was an intra‐uterine blood transfusion. It took another 20 years to understand the pathophysiology of other candidate fetal conditions and to develop safe anaesthetic and surgical techniques before the team at the University of California at San Francisco performed its first urinary diversion through hysterotomy. This procedure would be abandoned as renal and pulmonary function could be just as effectively salvaged by ultrasound‐guided insertion of a bladder shunt. Fetoscopy is another method for direct access to the feto‐placental unit. It was historically used for fetal visualisation to guide biopsies or for vascular access but was also abandoned following the introduction of high‐resolution ultrasound. Miniaturisation revived fetoscopy in the 1990s, since when it has been successfully used to operate on the placenta and umbilical cord. Today, it is also used in fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), in whom lung growth is triggered by percutaneous tracheal occlusion. It can also be used to diagnose and treat urinary obstruction. Many fetal interventions remain investigational but for a number of conditions randomised trials have established the role of in utero surgery, making fetal surgery a clinical reality in a number of fetal therapy programmes. The safety of fetal surgery is such that even non‐lethal conditions, such as myelomeningocoele repair, are at this moment considered a potential indication. This, as well as fetal intervention for CDH, is currently being investigated in randomised trials. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular prenatal diagnosis: the impact of modern technologies
Authors: Lucy Raymond F. , Whittaker Joanne , Jenkins Lucy , Lench Nick , Chitty Lyn S. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractOriginally prenatal diagnosis was confined to the diagnosis of metabolic disorders and depended on assaying enzyme levels in amniotic fluid. With the development of recombinant DNA technology, molecular diagnosis became possible for some genetic conditions late in the 1970s. Here we briefly review the history of molecular prenatal diagnostic testing, using Duchenne muscular dystrophy as an example, and describe how over the last 30 years we have moved from offering testing to a few affected individuals using techniques, such as Southern blotting to identify deletions, to more rapid and accurate PCR‐based testing which identifies the precise change in dystrophin for a greater number of families. We discuss the potential for safer, earlier prenatal genetic diagnosis using cell free fetal DNA in maternal blood before concluding by speculating on how more recent techniques, such as next generation sequencing, might further impact on the potential for molecular prenatal testing. Progress is not without its challenges, and as cytogenetics and molecular genetics begin to unite into one, we foresee the main challenge will not be in identifying the genetic change, but rather in interpreting its significance, particularly in the prenatal setting where we frequently have no phenotype on which to base interpretation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Current status of oriental medicine in treating Korean allergy patients
Authors: Shin Yoo Seob , Park Jung‐Won , Lee Yong‐Won , Kim Cheol‐Woo , Dhong Hun‐Jong , Park Hae‐Sim , Cho Young‐Joo , Cho Sang‐Heon , Pyun Bok Yang , Lee Kwang Hoon. , Lee Hae Ran , Hong Chein‐Soo 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the prevalence, compliance, pattern of use, and economic cost of OM in Korean allergy patients.MethodsA total of 647 allergy patients were enrolled from 10 general hospitals, and were surveyed by the questionnaire. It consisted of 12 items and regarded the prescription rates, reasons for referring, their opinions for the efficacy of OM, and economic costs.ResultsA total of 259 (40.5%) patients had used OM, and 35.5% of these patients experienced two or more kinds of these practices. A patients' income or education level did not affect the prescription rates of OM. Of the patients that used OM, 34.6% of them were satisfied with the effect of OM treatment, and 40.9% of them were inclined to continue with their OM treatments. The most frequent reasons for choosing OM were the patient's belief that OM can predispose ‘allergic constitution to normal’ (30.2%), worries about the possible adverse reactions of the long‐term administration of the proven drugs (20.2%), and the safety of OM (15.6%). However, 18.9% of these patients experienced perceived adverse events to their OM treatment such as skin rashes, gastrointestinal discomfort, and hepatitis. The patients that have used OM spent on average $915 US dollars annually for OM treatment.ConclusionsMany Korean allergy patients are cliental to OM. Some patients experienced a satisfactory treatment effect from OM, however, others had no treatment effect, even adverse event. Therefore, it is important to educate people to use OM appropriately to make harmony with modern medicine. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Statin use and depressive symptoms in a prospective study of community‐living older persons
Authors: Feng Liang , Yap Keng Bee , Kua Ee Heok , Ng Tze Pin 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPURPOSEThe association between statin use and depression is complex, and research findings have been mixed. The present study aimed to investigate the association of statin use with depressive symptoms among community‐living older persons, and its effect modifications by gender and medical co‐morbidity.METHODProspective observational study of 1803 participants aged 55 and above in the Singapore Longitudinal Ageing Studies cohort, with data of statin use and other risk factors for depression at baseline, and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) symptom scores at follow‐up (1.5 years).RESULTSControlling for baseline demographics, cholesterol level and medical co‐morbidities, statin use was not associated with depressive symptom scores in the whole sample overall (regression coefficient = −0.12 (SE 0.10), F[1,1782] = 1.44, p = 0.23). Post hoc analyses suggested that statin use may be associated with fewer depressive symptoms in women (p = 0.02), and more depressive symptoms in men, particularly those with more medical co‐morbidities (p = 0.04) and multiple drug use (p = 0.02).CONCLUSIONThis study provided no strong evidence that support an overall association of statin use and depressive symptoms. The post hoc findings in this study are suggestive but may also be spurious and should be replicated in other studies. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Uncoupling of bait‐protein expression from the prey protein environment adds versatility for cell and tissue interaction proteomics and reveals a complex of CARP‐1 and the PKA Cβ1 subunit
Authors: Erlbruch Andrea , Hung Chien‐Wen , Seidler Joerg , Borrmann Katrin , Gesellchen Frank , König Norbert , Kübler Dieter , Herberg Friedrich W. , Lehmann Wolf D. , Bossemeyer Dirk 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAn expression‐uncoupled tandem affinity purification assay is introduced which differs from the standard TAP assay by uncoupling the expression of the TAP‐bait protein from the target cells. Here, the TAP‐tagged bait protein is expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. The two concatenated purification steps of the classical TAP are performed after addition of the purified bait to brain tissue homogenates, cell and nuclear extracts. Without prior genetic manipulation of the target, upscaling, free choice of cell compartments and avoidance of expression triggered heat shock responses could be achieved in one go. By the strategy of separating bait expression from the prey protein environment numerous established, mostly tissue‐specific binding partners of the protein kinase A catalytic subunit Cβ1 were identified, including interactions in binary, ternary and quaternary complexes. In addition, the previously unknown small molecule inhibitor‐dependent interaction of Cβ1 with the cell cycle and apoptosis regulatory protein‐1 was verified. The uncoupled tandem affinity purification procedure presented here expands the application range of the in vivo TAP assay and may serve as a simple strategy for identifying cell‐ and tissue‐specific protein complexes.
Tunnelling corrections in hydrogen abstractions by excited‐state ketones
Authors: Barroso Monica , Arnaut Luis G. , Formosinho Sebastião J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractHydrogen abstraction from 1‐phenylethanol by triplet acetophenone occurs from both CH and OH bonds. The reaction path of the Interacting‐State Model (ISM) is used with the Transition‐State Theory (TST) and the semiclassical correction for tunnelling (ISM/scTST) to help rationalizing the experimental kinetic results and elucidate the mechanisms of these reactions. The weak exothermicity of the abstraction from the strong OH bond is compensated by electronic effects, hydrogen bonding and tunnelling, and is competitive with the more exothermic abstraction from the α‐CH bond of 1‐phenylethanol. The alkoxy radical formed upon abstraction from OH reacts within the solvent cage and the primary product of this reaction is 1‐phenylethenol. The corresponding kinetic isotope effect is ca. 3 and is entirely consistent with a tunnelling correction ca. 9 for H abstraction. We therefore demonstrate that the tunnelling correction is the major contributor to the kinetic isotope effect. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Theoretical aspects of tunneling proton transfer reactions in a polar environment
Authors: Kiefer Philip M. , Hynes James T. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis paper reviews some nontraditional theoretical views developed in this group on acid–base proton transfer (PT) reactions in hydrogen (H‐) bonded systems, focusing on the tunneling regime. Key ingredients in this picture are a completely quantum character for the proton motion (even when tunneling does not occur), the identification of a solvent coordinate as the reaction coordinate, and attention to the H‐bond vibrational ‘promoting’ mode in the acid–base complex. Attention is also given to the electronic structure rearrangements associated with PT in the electronically adiabatic regime. A general overview is presented for the tunneling rate constants including the activation free energy and the associated primary kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) for proton tunneling reactions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.