bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oil composition of advanced selections from an olive breeding program
Authors: León Lorenzo , Beltrán Gabriel , Aguilera Maria P. , Rallo Luis , Barranco Diego , De la Rosa Raúl 
Published: March 2011

AbstractFifteen genotypes coming from crosses between the cultivars Arbequina, Frantoio and Picual were selected on the basis of their agronomic characteristics in a breeding program initiated in 1991. In the present work, the main components of the olive oil of these 15 advances selections have been characterized and compared to their genitors. A wide range of variation was observed for all the fatty acids, minor components and related characteristics evaluated, with significant differences between genotypes for all of them except for β‐tocopherol content. These results confirm the strong genetic influence on olive oil quality previously reported on olive oil cultivar evaluations. The values obtained in the selections have extended the range of variation of their three genitors for all the characters evaluated, except for γ‐tocopherol. Selections UC‐I 7‐8, UC‐I 5‐44 and UC‐I 2‐68 showed the highest average values for tocopherols, polyphenol and C18:1 contents, respectively. Finally, multivariate analysis allowed the classification of genotypes in four groups according to their olive oil composition.Practical applications: Olive oil composition is considered one of the most important objectives in breeding programs aiming at obtaining new olive cultivars. In the last decades olive breeding programs are being carried out in the main olive‐producing countries and several new cultivars and advanced selections have been described. The results of this work provide an initial characterization of virgin olive oils of advanced selections coming from crosses between the cultivars Arbequina, Frantoio and Picual and suggest a strong genetic influence on fatty acid composition, several minor components and related characteristics. These results, together with the agronomic characterization of these selections previously reported, will be used for the final selection of the best genotypes to be registered as new cultivars.
Developments in Chiral Binaphthyl‐Derived Brønsted/Lewis Acids and Hydrogen‐Bond‐Donor Organocatalysis
Authors: Schenker Sebastian , Zamfir Alexandru , Freund Matthias , Tsogoeva Svetlana B. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn recent years, binaphthyl compounds have found frequent applications in the design of various asymmetric organocatalysts, because binaphthyl structures are an attractive platform for organocatalyst development, particularly in light of their axial chirality characteristic. In this review, we discuss recent achievements in developing enantioselective transformations by using catalysts derived from axially chiral binaphthyls: Brønsted acids (different from BINOL‐phosphates), Lewis acids, and hydrogen‐bond donors. Results published after 2004 through 2010 are presented.
Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of β‐Amino Esters by a Heterogeneous System of a Palladium Nanocatalyst and Candida antarctica Lipase A (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 10/2011)
Authors: Engström Karin , Shakeri Mozaffar , Bäckvall Jan‐E. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe cover picture shows the dynamic kinetic resolution of β‐amino esters, where racemization catalyzed by palladium nanoparticles is combined with enantioselective resolution by Candida antarctica lipase A (CALA). β‐Amino acids and esters are essential components of many biologically active compounds. Natural products containing β‐amino acids and esters have been found to hold many interesting properties, including insecticidal, antifungal and antitumor activity. Details are discussed in the Short Communication by J.‐E. Bäckvall et al. on p. 1827 ff. Background photo by Sixten Engström.
Electrolysis‐reducing electrodes for electrokinetic devices
Authors: Erlandsson Per G. , Robinson Nathaniel D. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractDirect current electrokinetic systems generally require Faradaic reactions to occur at a pair of electrodes to maintain an electric field in an electrolyte connecting them. The vast majority of such systems, e.g. electrophoretic separations (capillary electrophoresis) or electroosmotic pumps (EOPs), employ electrolysis of the solvent in these reactions. In many cases, the electrolytic products, such as H+ and OH− in the case of water, can negatively influence the chemical or biological species being transported or separated, and gaseous products such as O2 and H2 can break the electrochemical circuit in microfluidic devices. This article presents an EOP that employs the oxidation/reduction of the conjugated polymer poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene), rather than electrolysis of a solvent, to drive flow in a capillary. Devices made with poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) electrodes are compared with devices made with Pt electrodes in terms of flow and local pH change at the electrodes. Furthermore, we demonstrate that flow is driven for applied potentials under 2 V, and the electrodes are stable for potentials of at least 100 V. Electrochemically active electrodes like those presented here minimize the disadvantage of integrated EOP in, e.g. lab‐on‐a‐chip applications, and may open new possibilities, especially for battery‐powered disposable point‐of‐care devices.
Evaluating restoration of man‐made slopes: a threshold approach balancing vegetation and rill erosion
Authors: Moreno‐de las Heras Mariano , Díaz‐Sierra Rubén , Nicolau José M. , Zavala Miguel A. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTThe management of reclaimed slopes derived from industrial and civil activities (e.g. surface mining and road construction) requires the development of practical stability analysis approaches that integrate the processes and mechanisms that rule the dynamics of these ubiquitous emerging ecosystems. This work describes a new modelling approach focused on stability analysis of water‐limited reclaimed slopes, where interactive relationships between rill erosion and vegetation regulate ecosystem stability. Our framework reproduces two main groups of possible trends along the temporal evolution of reclaimed slopes: successful trends, characterized by widespread vegetation development and the effective control of rill erosion processes; and gullying trends, characterized by the progressive loss of vegetation and a sharp logistic increase in erosion rates. Furthermore, this analytical approach allows the determination of threshold values for the state variables (i.e. vegetation cover and rill erosion) that drive the system's stability, facilitating the identification of critical situations that require specific human intervention (e.g. revegetation or, in very problematic cases, revegetation combined with rill network destruction) to ensure the long‐term sustainability of the restored ecosystem. The application of our threshold analysis framework in Mediterranean‐dry reclaimed slopes derived from surface coal mining (the Teruel coalfield in central‐eastern Spain) showed a good field‐based performance. Therefore, we believe that this model is a valuable contribution for the management of water‐limited reclaimed systems, including those associated with rill erosion, as it provides a tool for the evaluation of restoration success and can play an important role in decision‐making during ecosystem restoration in severely disturbed landscapes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kraft mill effluent survey: Progress toward best management practices for reducing effects on fish reproduction
Authors: Kovacs Tibor G , Martel Pierre H , O'Connor Brian I , Parrott Joanne L , McMaster Mark E , Van Der Kraak Glen J , MacLatchy Deborah L , van den Heuvel Michael R , Hewitt L. Mark 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Pulp and paper mill effluents have been linked to effects on fish reproduction for more than 25 years. To date, the causes of these effects and remedial strategies have eluded investigators. Recent work has shown that the degree of reproductive effect caused by a mill effluent is related to the overall organic content. If verified, this could lead to breakthroughs for best management practices (BMPs). For this study, the effluents from seven kraft mills were assessed for their ability to reduce egg production in fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) in the laboratory. At the same time, the effluents were analyzed for three parameters thought to be good indicators of organic losses: biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), methyl-substituted 2-cyclopentenones (cellulose degradation products), and a gas chromatographic (GC) profile index, which integrates the total area of the chromatographic peaks of solvent-extracted effluents using low-resolution mass spectrometry. The results showed that the degree to which the effluents reduced egg production increased with increased organic losses as characterized by BOD and the GC profile index. Therefore, these parameters could be used to guide BMPs at kraft mills according to specific targets: BOD &lt; 20 mg/L and GC profile index equivalent to effluent with BOD of 20 mg/L. Such targets should be achievable by good in-plant control of organic losses and optimized effluent biotreatment systems. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:1421–1429. © 2011 SETAC
Mechanisms of copper accumulation in isolated mantle cells of the marine clam Mesodesma mactroides
Authors: Lopes Thaís Martins , Barcarolli Indianara Fernanda , de Oliveira Camila Bento , de Souza Marta Marques , Bianchini Adalto 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
In vivo copper accumulation was determined in tissues (mantle, gills, digestive gland, and hemolymph) following exposure to Cu (5 µM) for up to 96 h. Mantle was the tissue that accumulated the most Cu, followed by gill, digestive gland, and hemolymph. Therefore, in vitro Cu accumulation was evaluated in isolated mantle cells exposed to 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 µM Cu for 1 and 3 h. After both exposure times, no change in cell viability was observed. However, a significant Cu accumulation was observed in cells exposed to 2.5 and 5.0 µM Cu. Cell exposure to 2.5 µM Cu for 1 h did not affect the ionic (Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Cl−) content of isolated mantle cells, characterizing an “ideal” noneffect concentration for the study of the involvement of different ion-transporting proteins (Na+, K+, and Cl− channels; Na+/K+2Cl− and Na+/Cl− cotransporters; Na+/Ca2+, Cl−/HCO 3−, and Na+/H+ exchangers; Na+/K+-ATPase; V-ATPase; and carbonic anhydrase) in Cu accumulation. Isolated cells were pre-exposed (30 min) to specific blockers or inhibitors of the ion-transporting proteins and then exposed (1 h) to Cu (2.5 µM) in the presence of the drug. A significant increase of 29.1 and 24.3% in Cu accumulation was observed after cell incubation with acetozalamide (carbonic anhydrase inhibitor) and NPPB (Cl− channels blocker), respectively. On the other hand, a significant decrease (48.2%) in Cu accumulation was observed after incubation with furosemide (Na+/K+/2Cl− blocker). Taken together, these findings indicate the mantle as an important route of Cu entry in M. mactroides, pointing to the cotransporter Na+/K+/2Cl− as a major mechanism of Cu accumulation in mantle cells of the clam. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:1586–1592. © 2011 SETAC
Effect of copper on ion content in isolated mantle cells of the marine clam Mesodesma mactroides
Authors: Lopes Thaís Martins , Barcarolli Indianara Fernanda , de Oliveira Camila Bento , de Souza Marta Marques , Bianchini Adalto 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
The effect of copper on ion content (Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Cl−) was evaluated in isolated mantle gills of the marine clam Mesodesma mactroides. Clams were collected at the Mar Grosso Beach (São José do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul [RS], southern Brazil), cryoanesthetized, and had their mantles dissected. Mantle cells were isolated and incubated in a calcium-free phosphate solution without (control) or with Cu (CuCl2). Cells were exposed to Cu for 1 h (5 µM) or 3 h (2.5 and 5 µM). In cells incubated with 2.5 µM Cu, a significant decrease in intracellular Cl− content was observed. However, in cells incubated with 5.0 µM Cu, significant reductions in Na+, K+, and Cl− intracellular content were observed. Given the mechanisms involved in ion transport in mantle cells of the marine clam M. mactroides, the findings described here suggest that Cu exposure inhibits carbonic anhydrase and Na+/K+-ATPase activity. Also, it can be suggested that Cu is competing with Na+ for the same mechanisms of ion transport in the cell membrane, such as the Na+ channels and the Na+/K+/2Cl− cotransporter. Results from the present study also clearly indicate that processes involved in cellular anion regulation are more sensitive to Cu exposure than those associated with the cellular cation regulation. Characterization of sites for Cu accumulation and toxicity in aquatic animals is important for derivation of metal binding constants at the biotic ligand. Also, identification of the mechanism of metal toxicity is needed for modeling metal accumulation in the biotic ligand and its consequent toxicity. Therefore, the findings reported here are extremely valuable for the development of a biotic ligand model version for marine and estuarine waters. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:1582–1585. © 2011 SETAC
Teratogenic effects of injected methylmercury on avian embryos
Authors: Heinz Gary H , Hoffman David J , Klimstra Jon D , Stebbins Katherine R , Kondrad Shannon L , Erwin Carol A 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Controlled laboratory studies with game farm mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and chickens (Gallus gallus) have demonstrated that methylmercury can cause teratogenic effects in birds, but studies with wild species of birds are lacking. To address this need, doses of methylmercury chloride were injected into the eggs of 25 species of birds, and the dead embryos and hatched chicks were examined for external deformities. When data for controls were summed across all 25 species tested and across all types of deformities, 24 individuals out of a total of 1,533 (a rate of 1.57%) exhibited at least one deformity. In contrast, when data for all of the mercury treatments and all 25 species were summed, 188 deformed individuals out of a total of 2,292 (8.20%) were found. Some deformities, such as lordosis and scoliosis (twisting of the spine), misshapen heads, shortening or twisting of the neck, and deformities of the wings, were seldom observed in controls but occurred in much greater frequency in Hg-treated individuals. Only 0.59% of individual control dead embryos and hatchlings exhibited multiple deformities versus 3.18% for Hg-dosed dead embryos and hatchlings. Methylmercury seems to have a widespread teratogenic potential across many species of birds. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:1593–1598. © 2011 SETAC
The influence of sediment particle size and organic carbon on toxicity of copper to benthic invertebrates in oxic/suboxic surface sediments
Authors: Strom David , Simpson Stuart L , Batley Graeme E , Jolley Dianne F 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
The use of sediment quality guidelines to predict the toxicity of metals in sediments is limited by an inadequate understanding of exposure pathways and by poor causal links between exposure and effects. For a 10-d exposure to Cu-spiked sediments, toxicity to the amphipod Melita plumulosa was demonstrated to occur through a combination of dissolved and dietary Cu exposure pathways, but for the bivalves Spisula trigonella and Tellina deltoidalis, toxicity occurred primarily by exposure to dissolved Cu. For relatively oxidized sediments that had moderate amounts of organic carbon (2.6–8.3% OC), silt (20–100% &lt;63-µm particles) but low acid-volatile sulfide (AVS), acute toxicity thresholds for the three species were derived based on the OC-normalized Cu concentration of the less than 63-µm sediment fraction. For all three species, no effects were observed at concentrations below 10 µg/L dissolved Cu (in pore water and overlying water) or below 12 mg Cu/g OC (for &lt;63 µm sediment). For sediments with silt/OC properties of 20/0.5, 50/1, or 70/4%, the particulate Cu-based threshold equated to 60, 120, or 480 mg Cu/kg, respectively. For oxic/suboxic sediments in which AVS is not limiting metal availability, sediment quality guidelines of this form will provide adequate protection against toxicity and improve the prediction of effects for sediments with varying properties. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:1599–1610. © 2011 SETAC
An initial probabilistic hazard assessment of oil dispersants approved by the united states national contingency plan
Authors: Berninger Jason P , Williams E. Spencer , Brooks Bryan W 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Dispersants are commonly applied during oil spill mitigation efforts; however, these industrial chemicals may present risks to aquatic organisms individually and when mixed with oil. Fourteen dispersants are listed on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan (NCP). Availability of environmental effects information for such agents is limited, and individual components of dispersants are largely proprietary. Probabilistic hazard assessment approaches including Chemical Toxicity Distributions (CTDs) may be useful as an initial step toward prioritizing environmental hazards from the use of dispersants. In the present study, we applied the CTD approach to two acute toxicity datasets: NCP (the contingency plan dataset) and DHOS (a subset of NCP listed dispersants reevaluated subsequent to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill). These datasets contained median lethal concentration (LC50) values for dispersants alone and dispersant:oil mixtures, in two standard marine test species, Menidia beryllina and Mysidopsis bahia. These CTDs suggest that dispersants alone are generally less toxic than oil. In contrast, most dispersant:oil mixtures are more toxic than oil alone. For the two datasets (treated separately because of differing methodologies), CTDs would predict 95% of dispersant:oil mixtures to have acute toxicity values above 0.32 and 0.76 mg/L for Mysidopsis and 0.33 mg/L and 1.06 mg/L for Menidia (for DHOS and NCP, respectively). These findings demonstrate the utility of CTDs as a means to evaluate the comparative ecotoxicity of dispersants alone and in mixture with different oil types. The approaches presented here also provide valuable tools for prioritizing prospective and retrospective environmental assessments of oil dispersants. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:1704–1708. © 2011 SETAC
Common and distinct neural regions for the guidance of selection by visuoverbal information held in memory: Converging evidence from fMRI and rTMS
Authors: Soto David , Rotshtein Pia , Hodsoll John , Mevorach Carmel , Humphreys Glyn W. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractRecent research indicates that working memory (WM) and attention interact, with attention automatically biased to stimuli that match the contents of WM. Though there is behavioral evidence for verbal guidance (written words) as well as guidance by more visual cues in WM, we have limited understanding of how these two representational formats influence the guidance of visual selection at a neural level. Here, we present converging evidence from functional MRI and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), which indicates that both common and distinct neural regions mediate the influence of visuoverbal representations on WM. Colored shapes, but not words, in WM activated the superior frontal gyrus (SFG) and recognition memory areas in the temporal lobe when the contents of WM matched a stimulus in a subsequent search display. rTMS to the SFG disrupted WM effects from colored shapes. The lateral occipital cortex, however, tended to be more activated with written word cues, and rTMS to the lateral occipital complex tended to disrupt effects from written words more than from colored shapes in WM. There was also evidence for cue validity effects from colored shapes and written stimuli operating through different subthalamic nuclei. We discuss the evidence for understanding the neural systems mediating attention effects from WM. Hum Brain Mapp, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Activation in parietal operculum parallels motor recovery in stroke
Authors: Forss Nina , Mustanoja Satu , Roiha Kristina , Kirveskari Erika , Mäkelä Jyrki P. , Salonen Oili , Tatlisumak Turgut , Kaste Markku 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMotor recovery after stroke requires continuous interaction of motor and somatosensory systems. Integration of somatosensory feedback with motor programs is needed for the automatic adjustment of the speed, range, and strength of the movement. We recorded somatosensory evoked fields (SEFs) to tactile finger stimulation with whole‐scalp magnetoencephalography in 23 acute stroke patients at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after stroke to investigate how deficits in the somatosensory cortical network affect motor recovery. SEFs were generated in the contralateral primary somatosensory cortex (SI) and in the bilateral parietal opercula (PO) in controls and patients. In the patients, SI amplitude or latency did not correlate with any of the functional outcome measures used. In contrast, the contralateral PO (cPO) amplitude to the affected hand stimuli correlated significantly with hand function in the acute phase and during recovery; the weaker the PO activation, the clumsier the hand was. At 1 and 3 months, enhancement of the cPO activation paralleled the improvement of the hand function. Whole‐scalp magnetoencephalography measurements revealed that dysfunction of somatosensory cortical areas distant from the ischemic lesion may affect the motor recovery. Activation strength of the PO paralleled motor recovery after stroke, suggesting that the PO area is an important hub in mediating modulatory afferent input to motor cortex. Hum Brain Mapp, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neural processing of social rejection: The role of schizotypal personality traits
Authors: Premkumar Preethi , Ettinger Ulrich , Inchley‐Mort Sophie , Sumich Alexander , Williams Steven C.R. , Kuipers Elizabeth , Kumari Veena 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA fear of being rejected can cause perceptions of more insecurity and stress in close relationships. Healthy individuals activate the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) when experiencing social rejection, while those who are vulnerable to depression deactivate the dACC presumably to downregulate salience of rejection cues and minimize distress. Schizotypal individuals, characterized by unusual perceptual experiences and/or odd beliefs, are more rejection sensitive than normal. We tested the hypothesis, for the first time, that individuals with high schizotypy also have an altered dACC response to rejection stimuli. Twenty‐six healthy individuals, 14 with low schizotypy (LS) and 12 with high schizotypy (HS), viewed depictions of rejection and acceptance and neutral scenes while undergoing functional MRI. Activation maps in LS and HS groups during each image type were compared using SPM5, and their relation to participant mood and subjective ratings of the images was examined. During rejection relative to neutral scenes, LS activated and HS deactivated the bilateral dACC, right superior frontal gyrus, and left ventral prefrontal cortex. Across both groups, a temporo‐occipito‐parieto‐cerebellar network was active during rejection, and a left fronto‐parietal network during acceptance, relative to neutral scenes, and the bilateral lingual gyrus during rejection relative to acceptance scenes. Our finding of dACC‐dorso‐ventral PFC activation in LS, but deactivation in HS individuals when perceiving social rejection scenes suggests that HS individuals attach less salience to and distance themselves from such stimuli. This may enable them to cope with their higher‐than‐normal sensitivity to rejection. Hum Brain Mapp, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.