bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multifunctional Adaptable Injectable TiN‐Based Hydrogels for Antitumor and Antidrug‐Resistant Bacterial Therapy
Authors: Xing Jianghao , Shan Jie , Xue Haowei , Zhang Hengguo , Cheng Liang , Hao Jiqing , Wang Xianwen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe close relationship between bacteria and tumors has recently attracted increasing attention, and an increasing number of resources are being invested in the research and development of biomedical materials designed for the treatment of both. In this study, prefabricated TiN nanodots (NDs) and Fe(CO)5 nanoparticles are combined into sodium alginate (ALG) hydrogels to create a biomedical material for the topical treatment of breast cancer and subcutaneous abscesses, and a pseudocatalytic hydrogel with intrinsic photothermal and antibacterial activities is synthesized. TiN+Fe(CO)5+ALG hydrogels are used to determine the ability of Fe(CO)5 to promote CO production. Moreover, TiN NDs catalyze the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from hydrogen peroxide in tumor microenvironments and exhibit excellent photothermal conversion properties. After local injection of the TiN+Fe(CO)5+ALG hydrogel into subcutaneous tumors and subcutaneous abscesses, and two‐zone near‐infrared (NIR‐II) irradiation, tumor cells and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus are effectively removed by the hydrogel, the mouse epidermis exhibiting complete recovery within 8 d, indicating that this hydrogel exhibits better antibacterial efficacy than the small‐molecule antibiotic penicillin. This study demonstrates the potential of novel hydrogels for antitumor and antimicrobial combination therapy and aims to provide design ideas for the research and development of multifunctional antitumor and antimicrobial drug combinations.
2D Photonic Colloidal Liquid Crystals Composed of Self‐Assembled Rod‐Shaped Particles
Authors: Kato Riki , Mikami Takahiro , Kato Takashi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPhotonic crystals, characterized by their periodic structures, have been extensively studied for their ability to manipulate light. Typically, the development of 2D photonic crystals requires either sophisticated equipment or precise orientation of spherical nanoparticles. However, liquid‐crystalline (LC) materials offer a promising alternative, facilitating the formation of periodic structures without the need for complex manipulation. Despite this advantage, the development of 2D photonic periodic structures using LC materials is limited to a few colloidal nanodisk liquid crystals. Herein, 2D photonic colloidal liquid crystals composed of biomineral‐based nanorods and water is reported. The soft photonic materials with 2D structure by self‐assembled LC colloidal nanorods are unique and a new class of photonic materials different from conventional solid 2D photonic materials. These colloids exhibit bright structural colors with high reflectance (>50%) and significant angular dependency. The structural colors are adjusted by controlling the concentration and size of the LC colloidal nanorods. Furthermore, mechanochromic hydrogel thin films with 2D photonic structure are developed. The hydrogels exhibit reversible mechanochromic properties with angular dependency, which can be used for an advanced stimuli responsible sensor.
An Active Halide Catholyte Boosts the Extra Capacity for All‐Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Song Zhenyou , Dai Yiming , Wang Tengrui , Yu Qian , Ye Xiaolu , Wang Likuo , Zhang Yini , Wang Suntongxing , Luo Wei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractReplacing flammable organic liquid electrolytes with nonflammable solid electrolytes (SEs) in lithium batteries is crucial for enhancing safety across various applications, including portable electronics, electric vehicles, and scalable energy storage. Since typical cathode materials do not possess superionic conductivity, Li‐ion conduction in the cathode predominantly relies on incorporating a significant number of SEs as additives to form a composite cathode, which substantially compromises the energy density of solid‐state lithium batteries. Here, a halide SE, Li3VCl6 is demonstrated, which not only exhibits a decent Li+ conductivity, but more importantly, delivers a highly reversible capacity of approximately 80 mAh g−1 with an average voltage of 3 V versus Li+/Li. The ionic conductivity of Li3VCl6 experiences marginal fluctuations upon electrochemical lithiation/delithiation, as its prototypical solid‐solution reaction results solely in a reduction of lithium vacancy. When combined with the traditional LiFePO4 cathode, the active Li3VCl6 catholyte enables an impressive capacity of 217.1 mAh g−1LFP and about 50% increase in energy density compared with inactive catholytes. Harnessing the integrated mass of the catholyte—which can serve as an active material—presents an opportunity to boost the extra capacity, rendering it feasible in applications.
A Superparamagnetic Composite Hydrogel Scaffold as In Vivo Dynamic Monitorable Theranostic Platform for Osteoarthritis Regeneration
Authors: Rong Mayifei , Liu Dingge , Xu Xiaoguang , Li Ang , Bai Yihua , Yang Gang , Liu Kaiping , Zhang Zhihua , Wang Langran , Wang Kai , Lu Liying , Jiang Yong , Liu Ji , Zhang Xin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent disease, characterized by subchondral fractures in its initial stages, which has no precise and specific treatment now. Here, a novel multifunctional scaffold is synthesized by photopolymerizing glycidyl methacrylate‐modified hyaluronic acid (GMHA) as the matrix in the presence of hollow porous magnetic microspheres based on hydroxyapatite. In vivo subchondral bone repairing results demonstrate that the scaffold's meticulous design has most suitable properties for subchondral bone repair. The porous structure of inorganic particles within the scaffold facilitates efficient transport of loaded exogenous vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The Fe3O4 nanoparticles assembled in microspheres promote the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and accelerate the new bone generation. These features enable the scaffold to exhibit favorable subchondral bone repair properties and attain high cartilage repair scores. The therapy results prove that the subchondral bone support considerably influences the upper cartilage repair process. Furthermore, magnetic resonance imaging monitoring demonstrates that Fe3O4 nanoparticles, which are gradually replaced by new bone during osteochondral defect repair, allow a noninvasive and radiation‐free assessment to track the newborn bone during the OA repair process. The composite hydrogel scaffold (CHS) provides a versatile platform for biomedical applications in OA treatment.
Smart Foams: Boron Nitride‐Graphene Nanoplatelet Foams for Tunable Radiation Shielding and Strain Sensing
Authors: Orikasa Kazue , Benedetti Luiza , Park Cheol , Chu Sang‐Hyon , Jimenez Alberto , Dolmetsch Tyler , Thomas Tony , Agarwal Arvind 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAs space exploration advances, the demand for lightweight, multifunctional materials has substantially grown. Hybrid two‐dimensional (2D) material foams of different boron nitride nanoplatelets (BNNP)‐to‐graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) ratios are developed, which exhibit dual functionality: neutron radiation shields and strain sensors. The relationship between the composition, processing, microstructure, and their resultant neutron shielding and strain‐sensing properties are investigated. The hybrid foam properties can be finely tuned by adjusting BNNP:GNP compositions (1:0, 3:1, 1:1, 1:3, and 0:1). In terms of neutron radiation shielding, the mass absorption coefficient of hybrid foams increased with added BNNP, peaking at 14.9 cm2 g−1 for a pure BNNP foam. This mass absorption coefficient is 1.6 times that of pure GNP foams and almost 75 times that of aluminum. The radiation shielding properties are simulated using Geant4, a Monte Carlo‐based platform, and the simulations displayed a similar trend to the experimental results. The strain‐sensing properties of hybrid foams, measured by their gauge factor, exhibited exponential growth with rising GNP concentrations. Starting from the electrically insulating BNNP foam, the gauge factor increased to 53.4 with 25% GNP concentration and reached 201.8 for pure GNP foams. These findings highlight the versatility of the hybrid 2D material foams for space exploration.
3D‐Printed Hollow Microneedles Array with Luer Lock Connection for Facile and Painless Intradermal Injection: A Proof of Concept
Authors: Ghaznavi Amirreza , Xu Jie , Lee Christine U. , Hara Seth A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA 3D‐printed array of hollow microneedles (HMNs) is designed and fabricated using a high‐resolution stereolithography 3D printer and assembled with a 3D‐printed reservoir that incorporates a Luer lock mechanism, ensuring standard and secure connection to syringes. The proof‐of‐concept needle designs consist of half‐eccentric and concentric conical tip shapes, each arrayed with two different interspacing values. After the geometrical features of the devices are characterized, the devices are tested ex vivo in porcine skin to evaluate the impact of tip shape and interspacing on the depth of penetration and the efficacy of the devices in delivering fluids (such as tattoo ink) into the dermis. Overall, the 3D‐printed HMNs can deliver fluids into the target layer of skin. Refinement of the design is ongoing with the ultimate aim to provide alternatives for intradermal drug delivery and diagnostic imaging, such as superficial lymphography.
Visible‐Light‐Induced Diastereoselective Cascade Cyclization to Construct Polycyclic Spiroindolines
Authors: Ranga Rao Vadithya , Shiva Prasad Vadla , Ravi Dharavath , Anil Kumar Chelukalapally , Kumar Nechipadappu Sunil , ReddyAdiyala Praveen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe herein reported, a visible‐light‐induced K2S2O8 mediated cascade reaction of 3‐(2‐isocyanoethyl)indoles with α‐oxocarboxylic acids leading to diastereoselective synthesis of polycyclic spiroindolines bearing an N‐formyl unit derivative utilising the alkali metal salt K2S2O8 as a mediator under mild reaction conditions. This study offers an illustration of α‐oxocarboxylic acids and 3‐(2‐isocyanoethyl)indoles‐based reactions as it shows the involvement of glyoxolate ions without decarboxylation to access polycyclic spiroindolines bearing an N‐formyl unit analogue. The batch process can be extended to a continuous flow system using a glass tube loaded with K2S2O8 placed between the PFA capillary reactor, which can greatly advance the reaction efficiency and can even be promoted to gram‐scale synthesis.
Enhancing the Glucose Sensing Properties of Silicene Through Transition Metal Doping: a DFT Investigation
Authors: Pethurajan Kalpana Devi , Singh Krishna Kumar 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe attractive physiochemical properties of two dimensional materials demonstrate them to be an emerging class of potential candidates for use in sensing devices. Studies have shown that silicene can act as an excellent chemical sensor; however, no work has been studied about silicene as a glucose sensor. In this paper, using density functional theory, the interaction of pristine silicene and transition metal‐doped (Ag, Au, Cu, Ni, and Pt) silicene is studied with glucose molecules. The calculated adsorption energy, energy gap, and charge transfer value confirmed that the nickel‐doped silicene sheet can be a good glucose sensor with high sensitivity, moderate recovery time, and high conductivity. Further, the electron localization function and the reduced density gradient confirm the physisorption between the glucose molecule and the metal‐doped silicene sheets.
Photo‐Assisted Rechargeable Metal Batteries: Principles, Progress, and Perspectives
Authors: Zhang Pengpeng , Cai Meng , Wei Yixin , Zhang Jingbo , Li Kaizhen , Silva Sembukuttiarachilage Ravi Pradip , Shao Guosheng , Zhang Peng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe utilization of diverse energy storage devices is imperative in the contemporary society. Taking advantage of solar power, a significant environmentally friendly and sustainable energy resource, holds great appeal for future storage of energy because it can solve the dilemma of fossil energy depletion and the resulting environmental problems once and for all. Recently, photo‐assisted energy storage devices, especially photo‐assisted rechargeable metal batteries, are rapidly developed owing to the ability to efficiently convert and store solar energy and the simple configuration, as well as the fact that conventional Li/Zn‐ion batteries are widely commercialized. Considering many puzzles arising from the rapid development of photo‐assisted rechargeable metal batteries, this review commences by introducing the fundamental concepts of batteries and photo‐electrochemistry, followed by an exploration of the current advancements in photo‐assisted rechargeable metal batteries. Specifically, it delves into the elucidation of device components, operating principles, types, and practical applications. Furthermore, this paper categorizes, specifies, and summarizes several detailed examples of photo‐assisted energy storage devices. Lastly, it addresses the challenges and bottlenecks faced by these energy storage systems while providing future perspectives to facilitate their transition from laboratory research to industrial implementation.
Making goals count: A theory‐informed approach to on‐shift learning goals
Authors: Griffith Max , Zvonar Ivan , Garrett Alexander , Bayaa Naeem 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSupervisors often ask emergency medicine trainees for their learning goals at the start of a clinical shift, though they may do so without considering the reasons for this practice. Recognizing the underlying rationale for voicing on‐shift learning goals and proactively considering solutions for some of the associated challenges can help learners and supervisors employ this practice to its full potential. Goal articulation is rooted in educational principles such as self‐regulated learning, targeted performance feedback, and collaborative relationships between learner and supervisor. Despite the potential for on‐shift learning goals to augment learning, there are numerous barriers that make it challenging for learners and supervisors alike to create or follow up on meaningful goals. Learner‐related challenges include uncertainty about how to develop goals within an unpredictable clinical environment and creating goals too narrow or broad in scope. Supervisor‐related challenges include difficulties integrating direct observation into the clinical workflow and a desire to avoid negative feedback. The learning environment also presents inherent challenges, such as lack of longitudinal supervisor–learner relationships, time constraints, space limitations, and incentives for learners to conceal their knowledge gaps. The authors discuss these challenges to effective on‐shift learning goals and propose solutions that target the learner's approach, the supervisor's approach, and the learning environment itself.
A hypothesis: MiRNA‐124 mediated regulation of sirtuin 1 and vitamin D receptor gene expression accelerates aging
Authors: Dhar Poulami , Moodithaya Shailaja , Patil Prakash , Adithi Kellarai 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectivesSpecific miRNAs are evident to be overexpressed with age, lifestyle, and environmental changes. Previous studies reported miR‐124 overexpression in different scenarios in aged skin, age‐related cognitive impairment, ischemic heart disease, muscle atrophy, and fractures. Thus miR‐124 was considered to be a reliable miRNA target to establish a hypothesis on aging epigenome. Parallelly the hypothesis focuses on the expression of SIRT1 and VDR genes as a target for this specific miRNA expression as these genes were believed to be related to aging. This study aims to derive facts and evidence from past studies on aging. The objective was to establish a hypothetical linkage between miR‐124 with age‐related genes like SIRT1 and VDR.MethodsAn in silico search was performed in the TargetScan and miRbase databases to analyze the aging‐associated miRNAs and their gene targets, the Python seaborn library was used, and the results were represented in terms of a bar plot.ResultsBased on an in silico analysis and studies available in the literature, we identified that miR‐124‐3p.1 and miR‐124‐3p.2 targets 3′ UTR of VDR and SIRT1 genes, and hence thereby indicates that the miR‐124 can regulate the expression of these genes. Further, few in vitro research studies have observed that miR‐124 overexpression leads to the downregulation of VDR and SIRT1 gene expression. These results indicate that the suppression of these target genes accelerates early aging and age‐related disorders.ConclusionsOverall, this study hypothesizes that the overexpression of miR‐124 diminishes the expression of VDR and SIRT1 genes, and thereby advances the process of aging, resulting in the development of age‐associated complications.
Direct air capture with amino acid solvent: Operational optimization using a crossflow air‐liquid contactor
Authors: An Keju , Li Kai , Yang Cheng‐Min , Brechtl Jamieson , Stamberga Diana , Zhang Mingkan , Nawaz Kashif 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDirect air capture (DAC) is a negative emission technology for removing CO2 from the atmosphere to maintain the CO2 level within a reasonable range so as to address greenhouse effects. In this study, the operational optimization of lab‐scale DAC has been investigated using a crossflow air‐liquid contactor loaded with a three dimensionally printed Gyroid packing structure and a potassium sarcosinate solvent. The effects of various parameters, including feed air flow rate, liquid solvent flow rate, contactor geometry, and ambient temperature, are examined. The results demonstrate that the Gyroid packing design achieves comparable CO2 capture performance to conventional packed beds but with a significantly lower pressure drop of up to 77.8%, suggesting its potential as an efficient and cost‐effective solution for gas–liquid contactors in DAC. Additionally, the study explores the climate impact on CO2 capture performance and finds that as the air temperature increases from 35 to 95°F at a fixed relative humidity of 80%, the CO2 capture rate increased from 23.2% to 46.8% with better stability. The research highlights the importance of optimizing contactor design and operational conditions to improve the CO2 capture rate and feasibility of DAC systems as a negative emission technology for addressing greenhouse effects.
Kinetics guided engineering of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase with enhanced intermolecular transglycosylation activity
Authors: Chen Hanchi , Ju Lingjun , Dong Yangyang , Lu Shijie , Bao Yingling , Zhu Linjiang , Chen Xiaolong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) catalyzes intermolecular transglycosylation through either disproportionation or cyclization‐coupling pathway. Kinetics analysis reveals that the hesperidin glycosylation process catalyzed by a CGTase variant (M1) is primarily accomplished through the disproportionation pathway. The cyclization‐coupling pathway exhibits a lower reaction rate and competitively consumes glycosyl donor and yield byproducts that impair disproportionation. Under the guidance of reaction kinetics, mutagenesis was targeted at residues in the −3, +1, and +2 subsites, known to control the selectivity between disproportionation and cyclization. A quadruple variant was identified with 2.9 times hesperidin glycosylation activity compared to M1, and 20.3 times compared to the wild‐type. Kinetic analysis reveals a fourfold improvement of kcat/KmA for disproportionation and an 85.5% reduction in kcat/Km for cyclization after mutagenesis. Binding free energy analysis further confirms that the mutagenesis favors the binding of hesperidin, and destabilizes the binding of cyclodextrin.
A comparative anatomical network analysis of the human and chimpanzee brains
Authors: Schuurman Tim , Bruner Emiliano 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSpatial interactions among anatomical elements help to identify topological factors behind morphological variation and can be investigated through network analysis. Here, a whole‐brain network model of the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes, Blumenbach 1776) is presented, based on macroanatomical divisions, and compared with a previous equivalent model of the human brain. The goal was to contrast which regions are essential in the geometric balance of the brains of the two species, to compare underlying phenotypic patterns of spatial variation, and to understand how these patterns might have influenced the evolution of human brain morphology. The human and chimpanzee brains share morphologically complex inferior‐medial regions and a topological organization that matches the spatial constraints exerted by the surrounding braincase. These shared topological features are interesting because they can be traced back to the Chimpanzee‐Human Last Common Ancestor, 7–10 million years ago. Nevertheless, some key differences are found in the human and chimpanzee brains. In humans, the temporal lobe, particularly its deep and medial limbic aspect (the parahippocampal gyrus), is a crucial node for topological complexity. Meanwhile, in chimpanzees, the cerebellum is, in this sense, more embedded in an intricate spatial position. This information helps to interpret brain macroanatomical change in fossil hominids.
In vivo effect of LATE‐NC on integrity of white matter connections to the hippocampus
Authors: Heywood Ashley , Stocks Jane , Schneider Julie A. , Arfanakis Konstantinos , Bennett David A. , Beg Mirza Faisal , Wang Lei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONTAR DNA‐binding protein 43 (TDP‐43) is a highly prevalent proteinopathy that is involved in neurodegenerative processes, including axonal damage. To date, no ante mortem biomarkers exist for TDP‐43, and few studies have directly assessed its impact on neuroimaging measures utilizing pathologic quantification.METHODSAnte mortem diffusion‐weighted images were obtained from community‐dwelling older adults. Regression models calculated the relationship between post mortem TDP‐43 burden and ante mortem fractional anisotropy (FA) within each voxel in connection with the hippocampus, controlling for coexisting Alzheimer's disease and demographics.RESULTSResults revealed a significant negative relationship (false discovery rate [FDR] corrected p < .05) between post mortem TDP‐43 and ante mortem FA in one cluster within the left medial temporal lobe connecting to the parahippocampal cortex, entorhinal cortex, and cingulate, aligning with the ventral subdivision of the cingulum. FA within this cluster was associated with cognition.DISCUSSIONGreater TDP‐43 burden is associated with lower FA within the limbic system, which may contribute to impairment in learning and memory.Highlights
Post mortem TDP‐43 pathological burden is associated with reduced ante mortem fractional anisotropy.
Reduced FA located in the parahippocampal portion of the cingulum.
FA in this area was associated with reduced episodic and semantic memory.
FA in this area was associated with increased inward hippocampal surface deformation.