bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variable disease severity associated with a paget's disease predisposition gene
Authors: Leach Robin J. , Singer Frederick R. , Cody Jannine D. , Roodman G. David 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
We have recently identified a region on the long arm of chromosome 18 that carries a predisposition gene for Paget's disease using linkage analysis. This region was explored because of earlier studies demonstrating the presence of a gene for another bone disorder, familial expansile osteolysis (FEO) within this region. FEO has many similarities to Paget's disease including osteoclast abnormalities and viral-like nuclear inclusions. Therefore, it was proposed that FEO and Paget's disease are disorders resulting from mutations at the same locus. For our linkage study, we utilized a large kindred with a high incidence of Paget's disease. The propositus in this family had polyostotic disease symptoms beginning at age 31. During the process of characterizing this family, four other family members were diagnosed with Paget's disease. One of the proband's siblings was asymptomatic but had high normal serum alkaline phosphatase levels; Paget's disease was identified only after bone scanning (at age 50). This implies that the predisposition gene does not consistently cause severe disease and raises a question concerning the mechanism of predisposition: Does the predisposition gene affect the age of onset and/or the severity of disease? To further explore this question, two individuals from this kindred, under age 30 and carrying the affected haplotype, were evaluated for early onset Paget's disease. No evidence of disease was observed after thorough evaluation. This implies that the age of onset is highly variable for this locus, indicating variable expression of disease in individuals carrying the same mutation.
Biochemical markers of bone turnover in paget's disease of bone
Authors: Delmas P.D. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Although the measurement of total alkaline phosphatase activity in serum is a valid index to assess the activity of Paget's disease of bone and to monitor treatment efficacy, this marker may lack sensitivity in some cases. Among the various markers of bone formation and resorption that have been developed, serum bone specific alkaline phosphatase and procollagen I N-terminal peptide (PINP) for formation, urinary N-telopeptide (NTX) and α-C-telopeptide (CTX) for bone resorption have emerged as the most sensitive ones, and may be useful in the management of pagetic patients. We have recently shown that the β-isomerization of type I collagen CTX is impaired in pagetic bone matrix characterized by the existence of woven bone, as compared to normal lamellar bone matrix. This abnormality results in a preferential urinary excretion of nonisomerized (α-CTX) over β-isomerized (β-CTX) that can be measured with specific immunoassays. Patients with active Paget's disease of bone are characterized by an abnormally high α/β-CTX ratio which goes down to the normal range after bisphosphonate therapy, probably reflecting the lamellar structure of newly formed bone matrix in pagetic skeletal sites after treatment.
Effect of bioactive compounds in lactobacilli‐fermented soy skim milk on femoral bone microstructure of aging mice
Authors: Chiang Shen‐Shih , Liao Jiunn‐Wang , Pan Tzu‐Ming 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Soy skim milks fermented with lactobacilli contain various phytochemicals such as isoflavones and peptides. We used lactobacilli‐fermented soy skim milk as a nutritional supplement for 6 weeks to investigate its anti‐osteoporosis effect in 13‐month‐old female BALB/c aging mice. Freeze‐dried powder of soy skim milk fermented by Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei NTU 101 (NTU 101F) and L. plantarum NTU 102 (NTU 102F) were used in this study.RESULTS: The trabecular bone volumes in mice fed NTU 101F and NTU 102F increased by a factor of 3.48 and 2.16 compared with control values, respectively. The network density and thickness of distal metaphyseal trabecular bone in mice fed with NTU 101F and NTU 102F milks were significantly denser than that of control mice; moreover, the NTU 101F group had the largest resting area ratio and smallest resorbing area compared with other groups. The beneficial effect may due to isoflavones as well as higher amounts of polysaccharide and peptide in NTU 101F milk.CONCLUSION: The results suggest that dietary supplement with fermented soy skim milk can attenuate aging‐induced bone loss in BALB/c mice and possibly lower the risk of osteopenia or osteoporosis in aging. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Multiple instrument translation for use with South Asian Indian immigrants
Authors: Daniel Manju , Miller Arlene , Wilbur JoEllen 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to describe translation of five measures (physical activity, acculturation, discrimination, self‐efficacy, and depression) from English into Hindi using the committee translation method, focus group, and think‐aloud interviews. Two South Asian Indian (SAI) immigrant bilingual translators and a moderator reached consensus on 93 of 102 items, using the committee method. Discrepancy in nine items was resolved with a focus group conducted with five bilingual SAI immigrants. Ten other bilingual SAI immigrants participated in think‐aloud interviews to assess understanding and interpretation of the questions. More than 10 additional changes were made following the think‐aloud interviews. Sequential use of multiple translation techniques improved translation with culturally acceptable language, thereby maintaining equivalence with original versions. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 34:419–432, 2011
Differentially expressed miRNAs in cytogenetic and molecular subtypes of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Danen‐van Oorschot Astrid A. , Kuipers Jenny E. , Arentsen‐Peters Susan , Schotte Diana , de Haas Valerie , Trka Jan , Baruchel André , Reinhardt Dirk , Pieters Rob , Michel Zwaan C. , van den Heuvel‐Eibrink Marry M. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackgroundmiRNAs regulate gene expression, and thus play an important role in critical cellular processes. Aberrant miRNA expression patterns have been found in various types of cancer. So far, information about the expression of miRNAs in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia is limited.ProcedureWe studied expression of miR‐29a, ‐155, ‐196a, and ‐196b by stem‐loop based RT‐qPCR in 82 pediatric acute myeloid leukemia patients selected to represent relevant cytogenetic and molecular subgroups.ResultsHigh miR‐196a and ‐b expression was observed in patients carrying MLL gene rearrangements (P < 0.001), NPM1 mutations (P < 0.001), or FLT3‐ITD in a cytogenetically normal background (P ≤ 0.02), compared to all other patients. In contrast, CEBPA mutated cases had a low expression of miR‐196a and ‐b (P ≤ 0.001). Expression of miR‐196a and ‐b was correlated with expression of neighboring HOXA and HOXB genes (Spearman's r = 0.46–0.82, P < 0.01). Expression of miR‐155 was not related to cytogenetic features but high expression of miR‐155 was observed in FLT3‐ITD (P = 0.001) and NPM1‐mutated cases (P = 0.04). Lower miR‐29a expression was mainly observed in MLL‐rearranged pediatric acute myeloid leukemia, specifically in cases carrying t(10;11) (P < 0.001).ConclusionsWe show aberrant expression of specific miRNAs in clinically relevant cytogenetic and molecular subgroups of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia, suggesting a role for these miRNAs in the underlying biology in these specific subgroups. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58: 715–721. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Seismic analysis of the hung curtain wall structure in Shanghai Center Tower
Authors: Yang Yanzhi , Wang Puyong , Wang Jian , Jin Xianlong 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYShanghai Center Tower, which is 632 m in height with 126 stories, will be the tallest building in China at the end of 2014. The extreme height of the building combined with the exterior shrink‐constructed and torsion‐constructed curtain wall imposes a great challenge on the seismic design of the curtain wall. This paper establishes a finite element (FE) model of the real‐scale building by considering the combination of the curtain wall and the main structure. The lower order modes of the building's vibration have been predicted, and good agreement has been observed between the numerical and experimental data, which validates the FE model of the building. Seismic response of the curtain wall was then investigated under three earthquake levels, including frequent, moderate and severe earthquakes. The acceleration magnification factors, the inter‐story drift ratios and the interior forces of the curtain wall met the requirements of the Chinese Design Code, which indicates that the structure is a good solution to withstand earthquakes. The present study provides an important database for the seismic design of curtain wall structure in Shanghai Center Tower, and it can be used as a seismic design reference for similar projects. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Validity evidence for the security scale as a measure of perceived attachment security in adolescence
Authors: Van Ryzin Mark J. , Leve Leslie D. 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTIn this study, the validity of a self‐report measure of children's perceived attachment security (the Kerns Security Scale) was tested using adolescents. With regards to predictive validity, the Security Scale was significantly associated with (1) observed mother‐adolescent interactions during conflict and (2) parent‐ and teacher‐rated social competence. With regards to convergent validity, the Security Scale was significantly associated with all subscales of the Adult Attachment Scale (i.e., Depend, Anxiety, and Close) as measured 3 years later. Further, these links were found even after controlling for mother‐child relationship quality as assessed by the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA), and chi‐square difference tests indicated that the Security Scale was generally a stronger predictor as compared to the IPPA. These results suggest that the Security Scale can be used to assess perceived attachment security across both childhood and adolescence, and thus could contribute significantly to developmental research during this period.
Geological perspectives on the Monte Verde archeological site in Chile and pre-Clovis coastal migration in the Americas
Authors: Dickinson William R. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractDiscovery of the Monte Verde archeological site in Chile overturned the previous consensus that the first Americans into the New World from Asia were the makers of Clovis projectile points, and rejuvenated the hypothesis that migration through the Americas occurred largely on portions of the Pacific continental shelf exposed by Pleistocene drawdown in eustatic sea level. The postulate of travel along a paleoshoreline now hidden underwater is an attractive means to posit pre-Clovis human movement southward from Beringia to Chile without leaving traces of migration onshore. Geologic analyses of the Pleistocene paleoenvironment at Monte Verde and of the morphology of the potential migration route along the continental shelf raise questions that have not been fully addressed. The periglacial setting of Monte Verde may call its antiquity into question and the narrowness of the Pacific continental shelf of the Americas makes it unlikely that people could travel the length of the Americas without impacting ground still onshore and no farther inland than Monte Verde itself. Geological perspectives on Monte Verde and coastal migration jointly suggest that the Clovis-first hypothesis for peopling the New World may have been abandoned prematurely.
Spatio-temporal variations and age effect on Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in seals from the Canadian Arctic
Authors: SIMON A. , CHAMBELLANT M. , WARD B. J. , SIMARD M. , PROULX J. F. , LEVESQUE B. , BIGRAS-POULIN M. , ROUSSEAU A. N. , OGDEN N. H. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYToxoplasmosis is a significant public health threat for Inuit in the Canadian Arctic. This study aimed to investigate arctic seals as a possible food-borne source of infection. Blood samples collected from 828 seals in 7 Canadian Arctic communities from 1999 to 2006 were tested for Toxoplasma gondii antibodies using a direct agglutination test. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect T. gondii DNA in tissues of a subsample of seals. Associations between seal age, sex, species, diet, community and year of capture, and serological test results were investigated by logistic regression. Overall seroprevalence was 10·4% (86/828). All tissues tested were negative by PCR. In ringed seals, seroprevalence was significantly higher in juveniles than in adults (odds ratio=2·44). Overall, seroprevalence varied amongst communities (P=0·0119) and by capture year (P=0·0001). Our study supports the hypothesis that consumption of raw seal meat is a significant source of infection for Inuit. This work raises many questions about the mechanism of transfer of this terrestrial parasite to the marine environment, the preponderance of infection in younger animals and the natural course of infection in seals. Further studies to address these questions are essential to fully understand the health risks for Inuit communities.
Dispersion of denatured carbon nanotubes by using a dimethylformamide solution
Authors: Nguyen Thi Thuy , Nguyen Sy Uan , Phuong Dinh Tam , Nguyen Duc Chien , Mai Anh Tuan 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
The dispersion of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in liquid plays an important role in fundamental research and applied science. The most common technique applied to disperse CNTs is ultrasonication. The surfactants used for CNT dispersion are ethanol, sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate (SDBS), dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DATB), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (NaDDBS). This paper presents the dispersion of denatured CNTs by using a dimethylformamide (DMF) solution. The DMF is adsorbed on the surface of the nanotubes by a hydrophobic or π–π interaction. Ultrasonication helps DMF debundle the nanotubes by Coulombic or hydrophilic interaction, allowing the Van der Waals forces among the individual nanotubes to be overcome. UV–Vis spectra of dispersed CNTs in solution showed a maximum at 260 nm and decreased from UV to near IR. The vibration properties of the carbon samples were characterized with Raman spectroscopy, which illustrated the D and G bands of denatured CNTs at 1354 and 1581 cm−1, respectively, different from the values of 1352 cm−1 and 1580 cm−1, respectively, for undenatured CNTs. Finally, the interaction between surfactants and nanotubes was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).
GlobalMIT: learning globally optimal dynamic bayesian network with the mutual information test criterion
Authors: Vinh Nguyen Xuan , Chetty Madhu , Coppel Ross , Wangikar Pramod P. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractMotivation: Dynamic Bayesian networks (DBN) are widely applied in modeling various biological networks including the gene regulatory network (GRN). Due to the NP-hard nature of learning static Bayesian network structure, most methods for learning DBN also employ either local search such as hill climbing, or a meta stochastic global optimization framework such as genetic algorithm or simulated annealing.Results: This article presents GlobalMIT, a toolbox for learning the globally optimal DBN structure from gene expression data. We propose using a recently introduced information theoretic-based scoring metric named mutual information test (MIT). With MIT, the task of learning the globally optimal DBN is efficiently achieved in polynomial time.Availability: The toolbox, implemented in Matlab and C++, is available at http://code.google.com/p/globalmit.Contact: vinh.nguyen@monash.edu; madhu.chetty@monash.eduSupplementary information: Supplementary data is available at Bioinformatics online.
Egg hormones in a highly fecund vertebrate: do they influence offspring social structure in competitive conditions?
Authors: Burton Tim , Hoogenboom M. O. , Armstrong J. D. , Groothuis T. G. G. , Metcalfe N. B. 
Published: August 2011

Summary1. Social status can vary considerably among individuals and has significant implications for performance. In addition to a genetic component, social status may be influenced by environmental factors including maternal effects such as prenatal hormone exposure. Maternal effects on traits determining social status have previously been examined in species where mothers provide parental care for relatively few offspring and therefore directly influence postnatal development. However, the generality of conclusions arising from these investigations is unclear because species that employ different reproductive strategies have not been studied.2. We investigated the hypothesis that egg steroid hormone levels influence the social status of juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta). We manipulated intra‐clutch levels of cortisol and testosterone in eggs from 15 mothers using dilute hormone baths at the time of fertilization and examined their effects on traits that correlate with social status in juveniles [including standard body size, aggression, competitive ability and standard metabolic rate (SMR)].3. Hormone treatment did not affect whole‐animal or mass‐corrected SMR at the critical developmental stage when juveniles switch from reliance on a maternally provisioned yolk sac to independent feeding. However, juveniles from cortisol‐treated eggs were smaller at this developmental stage. They were also less aggressive than, and subordinate to, fish from untreated eggs in socially competitive conditions, even after correcting for the observed effect of cortisol on body size. Egg testosterone treatment resulted in a likely pharmacological or toxicological dose with subsequent effects on both body size and behaviour in independently feeding juveniles.4. Results from this study demonstrate that variation in the amount of cortisol deposited in eggs by spawning females influences juvenile social status and performance. The effects of elevated egg cortisol in fish are similar to the actions of embryonic glucocorticoids reported in other vertebrate taxa with very different reproductive strategies, suggesting a widespread mechanism for the effects of maternal stress on offspring. Possible adaptive aspects of this relationship are discussed.
The presence of sheep leads to increases in plant diversity and reductions in the impact of deer on heather
Authors: DeGabriel Jane L. , Albon Steve D. , Fielding Deborah A. , Riach David J. , Westaway Sally , Irvine R. Justin 
Published: August 2011

Summary1. Grazing has been implicated in the decline of heather‐dominated moorlands in Britain, but there has been little consideration of the effects of different species of herbivores on plant diversity. Sheep stocks have recently decreased in Scotland, and quantification of how this affects biodiversity is essential for understanding how different grazing regimes modify upland habitats.2. We investigated the effects of grazing on plant biodiversity in heather/grass mosaics at 16 upland sites in Scotland. Red deer Cervus elaphus L. were present at all sites, but sheep Ovis aries L. had been removed from half of the sites. Our experimental design incorporated replication at three spatial scales, from a landscape level down to 10 × 10 m plots.3. We quantified the relative effects of different herbivore species, vegetation structure and rainfall on heather utilisation, species richness and evenness (alpha diversity; Shannon–Wiener index) and beta diversity.4. At all spatial scales, deer dung counts were higher and heather was shorter when sheep were absent. Furthermore, utilisation of heather was positively correlated with the amount of deer dung, the amount of grass present and smooth grass height.5. Alpha diversity was consistently positively correlated with the relative amount of grass, but was also positively related to the amount of sheep dung at the largest spatial scale. At the finest scale, alpha diversity was negatively correlated with the amount of deer dung. Beta diversity was higher when sheep were present at all scales.6. Synthesis and applications. Mixed grazing by sheep and deer appears to be beneficial for increasing both alpha and beta diversity and minimizing damage to heather in the uplands. The absence of sheep is likely to result in expanding deer populations and greater impact on heather. Management of grazing herbivores is an important tool for maintaining biodiversity in many ecosystems. Our results indicate that reducing livestock may alter the impacts of wild grazers on their habitats and drive changes in diversity, whereas mixed grazing can enhance habitat quality and maintain plant diversity. Therefore, this effect should be considered when devising policy recommendations.
Brain region‐specific gene expression changes after chronic intermittent ethanol exposure and early withdrawal in C57BL/6J mice
Authors: Melendez Roberto I. , McGinty Jacqueline F. , Kalivas Peter W. , Becker Howard C. 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTNeuroadaptations that participate in the ontogeny of alcohol dependence are likely a result of altered gene expression in various brain regions. The present study investigated brain region‐specific changes in the pattern and magnitude of gene expression immediately following chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) exposure and 8 hours following final ethanol exposure [i.e. early withdrawal (EWD)]. High‐density oligonucleotide microarrays (Affymetrix 430A 2.0, Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA, USA) and bioinformatics analysis were used to characterize gene expression and function in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus (HPC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) of C57BL/6J mice (Jackson Laboratories, Bar Harbor, ME, USA). Gene expression levels were determined using gene chip robust multi‐array average followed by statistical analysis of microarrays and validated by quantitative real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. Results indicated that immediately following CIE exposure, changes in gene expression were strikingly greater in the PFC (284 genes) compared with the HPC (16 genes) and NAc (32 genes). Bioinformatics analysis revealed that most of the transcriptionally responsive genes in the PFC were involved in Ras/MAPK signaling, notch signaling or ubiquitination. In contrast, during EWD, changes in gene expression were greatest in the HPC (139 genes) compared with the PFC (four genes) and NAc (eight genes). The most transcriptionally responsive genes in the HPC were involved in mRNA processing or actin dynamics. Of the few genes detected in the NAc, the most representatives were involved in circadian rhythms. Overall, these findings indicate that brain region‐specific and time‐dependent neuroadaptive alterations in gene expression play an integral role in the development of alcohol dependence and withdrawal.