bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The raced and gendered persistence of human‐exemptionalism
Authors: Dotson Miranda P. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper makes the case for a reconsideration of the human exemptionalist paradigm in sociological research. Reviewing recent research on the racialized and gendered dimensions of environmental use and abuse in North America, this paper argues that the persistent belief that humans dominate over all other biota is a direct result of the white supremacist, patriarchal gender system. Traditional Anglo‐European performances of and expectations for masculinity not only mandate the subjugation of women, but of all biota. Consequently, the burdens for repair and regeneration are disproportionately placed upon feminized subjects. This racialized gender system is strengthened as long as human exemptionalism persists. Ultimately, sociologists should contend with ‘human supremacy’ as a system of inequality that strengthens all other systems of inequality that plague human society. Moving forward, theories of liberation must go beyond the species boundary to account for an end to unjust domination of all life on Earth.
Early increase in HbA1c trajectory predicts development of severe microangiopathy in patients with type 1 diabetes: the VISS study
Authors: Arnqvist Hans J , Ludvigsson Johnny , Nordwall Maria 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionTo study the HbA1c trajectory from the time of diagnosis to examine if patients at the greatest risk for severe microangiopathy can be identified early allowing clinicians to intervene as soon as possible to avoid complications.Research design and methodsIn a population-based observational study, 447 patients diagnosed with type 1 diabetes before 35 years of age, 1983–1987, were followed from diagnosis until 2019. Mean HbA1c was calculated each year for each patient. Severe diabetic microangiopathy was defined as proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) or macroalbuminuria (nephropathy).ResultsAfter 32 years, 27% had developed PDR and 8% macroalbuminuria. Patients with weighted HbA1c (wHbA1c); <57 mmol/mol; <7.4% did not develop PDR or macroalbuminuria. The HbA1c trajectories for patients developing PDR and macroalbuminuria follow separate courses early on and stay separated for 32 years during the follow-up. Patients without severe complications show an initial dip, after which HbA1c slowly increases. HbA1c in patients with severe complications directly rises to a high level within a few years. Mean HbA1c calculated for the period 5–8 years after diabetes onset strongly predicts the development of severe complications. Females with childhood-onset diabetes exhibit a high peak in HbA1c during adolescence associated with higher wHbA1c and higher prevalence of PDR.ConclusionsThe HbA1c trajectory from diabetes onset shows that mean HbA1c for the period 5–8 years after diagnosis strongly predicts severe microangiopathy. Females with childhood-onset diabetes exhibit a high peak in HbA1c during adolescence associated with higher wHbA1c and a higher prevalence of PDR.
Cohort profile: the Environmental Reproductive and Glucose Outcomes (ERGO) Study (Boston, Massachusetts, USA) — a prospective pregnancy cohort study of the impacts of environmental exposures on parental cardiometabolic health
Authors: Preston Emma V , Quinn Marlee R , Williams Paige L , McElrath Thomas F , Cantonwine David E , Seely Ellen W , Wylie Blair J , Hacker Michele R , O'Brien Karen , Brown Florence M , Powe Camille E , Bellavia Andrea , Wang Zifan , Tomsho Kathryn S , Hauser Russ , James-Todd Tamarra 
Published: May 2024

PurposePregnancy and the postpartum period are increasingly recognised as sensitive windows for cardiometabolic disease risk. Growing evidence suggests environmental exposures, including endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), are associated with an increased risk of pregnancy complications that are associated with long-term cardiometabolic risk. However, the impact of perinatal EDC exposure on subsequent cardiometabolic risk post-pregnancy is less understood. The Environmental Reproductive and Glucose Outcomes (ERGO) Study was established to investigate the associations of environmental exposures during the perinatal period with post-pregnancy parental cardiometabolic health.ParticipantsPregnant individuals aged ≥18 years without pre-existing diabetes were recruited at <15 weeks of gestation from Boston, Massachusetts area hospitals. Participants completed ≤4 prenatal study visits (median: 12, 19, 26, 36 weeks of gestation) and 1 postpartum visit (median: 9 weeks), during which we collected biospecimens, health histories, demographic and behavioural data, and vitals and anthropometric measurements. Participants completed a postpartum fasting 2-hour 75 g oral glucose tolerance test. Clinical data were abstracted from electronic medical records. Ongoing (as of 2024) extended post-pregnancy follow-up visits occur annually following similar data collection protocols.Findings to dateWe enrolled 653 unique pregnancies and retained 633 through delivery. Participants had a mean age of 33 years, 10% (n=61) developed gestational diabetes and 8% (n=50) developed pre-eclampsia. Participant pregnancy and postpartum urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations and postpartum glycaemic biomarkers were quantified. To date, studies within ERGO found higher exposure to phthalates and phthalate mixtures, and separately, higher exposure to radioactive ambient particulate matter, were associated with adverse gestational glycaemic outcomes. Additionally, certain personal care products used in pregnancy, notably hair oils, were associated with higher urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations, earlier gestational age at delivery and lower birth weight.Future plansFuture work will leverage the longitudinal data collected on pregnancy and cardiometabolic outcomes, environmental exposures, questionnaires, banked biospecimens and paediatric data within the ERGO Study.
Sex and gender-based analysis and diversity metric reporting in acute care trials published in high-impact journals: a systematic review
Authors: Granton David , Rodrigues Myanca , Raparelli Valeria , Honarmand Kimia , Agarwal Arnav , Friedrich Jan O , Perna Benedetta , Spaggiari Riccardo , Fortunato Valeria , Risdonne Gianluca , Kho Michelle , VanderKaay Sandra , Chaudhuri Dipayan , Gomez-Builes Carolina , D'Aragon Frédérick , Wiseman Daniel , Lau Vincent Issac , Lin Celina , Reid Julie , Trivedi Vatsal , Prakash Varuna , Belley-Cote Emilie , Al Mandhari Maha , Thabane Lehana , Pilote Louise , Burns Karen E A 
Published: May 2024

ObjectiveTo characterise sex and gender-based analysis (SGBA) and diversity metric reporting, representation of female/women participants in acute care trials and temporal changes in reporting before and after publication of the 2016 Sex and Gender Equity in Research guideline.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesWe searched MEDLINE for trials published in five leading medical journals in 2014, 2018 and 2020.Study selectionTrials that enrolled acutely ill adults, compared two or more interventions and reported at least one clinical outcome.Data abstraction and synthesis4 reviewers screened citations and 22 reviewers abstracted data, in duplicate. We compared reporting differences between intensive care unit (ICU) and cardiology trials.ResultsWe included 88 trials (75 (85.2%) ICU and 13 (14.8%) cardiology) (n=111 428; 38 140 (34.2%) females/women). Of 23 (26.1%) trials that reported an SGBA, most used a forest plot (22 (95.7%)), were prespecified (21 (91.3%)) and reported a sex-by-intervention interaction with a significance test (19 (82.6%)). Discordant sex and gender terminology were found between headings and subheadings within baseline characteristics tables (17/32 (53.1%)) and between baseline characteristics tables and SGBA (4/23 (17.4%)). Only 25 acute care trials (28.4%) reported race or ethnicity. Participants were predominantly white (78.8%) and male/men (65.8%). No trial reported gendered-social factors. SGBA reporting and female/women representation did not improve temporally. Compared with ICU trials, cardiology trials reported significantly more SGBA (15/75 (20%) vs 8/13 (61.5%) p=0.005).ConclusionsAcute care trials in leading medical journals infrequently included SGBA, female/women and non-white trial participants, reported race or ethnicity and never reported gender-related factors. Substantial opportunity exists to improve SGBA and diversity metric reporting and recruitment of female/women participants in acute care trials.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022282565.
Diversity, equity and inclusion considerations in mental health apps for young people: protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Figueroa Caroline A , Pérez-Flores Nancy J , Guan Kathleen W , Stiles-Shields Colleen 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionAfter COVID-19, a global mental health crisis affects young people, with one in five youth experiencing mental health problems worldwide. Delivering mental health interventions via mobile devices is a promising strategy to address the treatment gap. Mental health apps are effective for adolescent and young adult samples, but face challenges such as low real-world reach and under-representation of minoritised youth. To increase digital health uptake, including among minoritised youth, there is a need for diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) considerations in the development and evaluation of mental health apps. How well DEI is integrated into youth mental health apps has not been comprehensively assessed. This scoping review aims to examine to what extent DEI considerations are integrated into the design and evaluation of youth mental health apps and report on youth, caregiver and other stakeholder involvement.Methods and analysisWe will identify studies published in English from 2009 to 29 September 2023 on apps for mental health in youth. We will use PubMed, Global Health, APA PsycINFO, SCOPUS, CINAHL PLUS and the Cochrane Database and will report according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-Scoping Review Extension guidelines. Papers eligible for inclusion must be peer-reviewed publications in English involving smartphone applications used by adolescents or young adults aged 10–25, with a focus on depression, anxiety or suicidal ideation. Two independent reviewers will review and extract articles using a template developed by the authors. We will analyse the data using narrative synthesis and descriptive statistics. This study will identify gaps in the literature and provide a roadmap for equitable and inclusive mental health apps for youth.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required. Findings will be disseminated through academic, industry, community networks and scientific publications.
Use of artificial intelligence in obstetric and gynaecological diagnostics: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chaurasia Anjalee , Curry Georgia , Zhao Yi , Dawoodbhoy Fatema , Green Jennifer , Vaninetti Matilde , Shah Nishel , Greer Orene 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionEmerging developments in applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare offer the opportunity to improve diagnostic capabilities in obstetrics and gynaecology (O&G), ensuring early detection of pathology, optimal management and improving survival. Consensus on a robust AI healthcare framework is crucial for standardising protocols that promote data privacy and transparency, minimise bias, and ensure patient safety. Here, we describe the study protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate current applications of AI in O&G diagnostics with consideration of reporting standards used and their ethical implications. This protocol is written following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 checklist.Methods and analysisThe study objective is to explore the current application of AI in O&G diagnostics and assess the reporting standards used in these studies. Electronic bibliographic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane will be searched. Study selection, data extraction and subsequent narrative synthesis and meta-analyses will be carried out following the PRISMA-P guidelines. Included papers will be English-language full-text articles from May 2015 to March 2024, which provide original data, as AI has been redefined in recent literature. Papers must use AI as the predictive method, focusing on improving O&G diagnostic outcomes.We will evaluate the reporting standards including the risk of bias, lack of transparency and consider the ethical implications and potential harm to patients. Outcome measures will involve assessing the included studies against gold-standard criteria for robustness of model development (Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis Or Diagnosis, model predictive performance, model risk of bias and applicability (Prediction model Risk Of Bias Assessment Tool and study reporting (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials-AI) guidance.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for this systematic review. Findings will be shared through peer-reviewed publications. There will be no patient or public involvement in this study.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022357024 .
Predictors of somatic symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic: a national longitudinal survey in Japan
Authors: Sugawara Norio , Tabuchi Takahiro , Tokumitsu Keita , Yasui-Furukori Norio 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesThe COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the long-term consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection, termed long COVID. However, in the absence of comparative groups, the differentiation of disease progression remains difficult, as COVID-19 symptoms become indistinguishable from symptoms originating from alternative etiologies. This study aimed to longitudinally investigate the association between COVID-19 exposure and the somatic symptoms in the Japanese general population.DesignThis was a longitudinal cohort study with 1-year follow-up.Setting and participantsLongitudinal data from 19 545 individuals who participated in the Japan Society and New Tobacco Internet Survey (JASTIS) 2022 and 2023 were included. In this study, we used data from the 2022 JASTIS as baseline data and the 2023 JASTIS as follow-up data. Based on questionnaire responses, respondents were classified into three categories of exposure to COVID-19.Outcome measuresThe somatic symptoms were assessed by the Somatic Symptom Scale-8 (SSS-8). Using generalised linear models adjusted for baseline covariates, we calculated the ORs of having very high somatic symptoms assessed by SSS-8, attributable to COVID-19 exposure (no COVID-19 cases as the reference group).ResultsFollow-up completers were divided into three groups according to COVID-19 exposure (no COVID-19, n=16 012; COVID-19 without O2 therapy, n=3201; COVID-19 with O2therapy, n=332). After adjusting for all covariates, COVID-19 cases with O2therapy had a significant positive association (OR 7.60, 95% CI 5.47 to 10.58) with a very high somatic symptoms burden while other COVID-19 exposure groups did not. Pre-existing physical and psychological conditions were also associated with increased risk of somatic symptoms.ConclusionThe findings of our study suggest that the severity of COVID-19 symptoms requiring O2therapy in the acute phase led to high somatic symptoms. Pre-existing conditions were also associated with a subsequent risk of somatic symptoms.
Facilitators, barriers and impacts to implementing dementia care training for staff in long-term care settings by using fully immersive virtual reality: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Hung Lillian , Zhao Yong , Lam Michelle , Ren Haopu , Wong Karen Lok Yi 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionThe rapid growth of the ageing population underscores the critical need for dementia care training among care providers. Innovative virtual reality (VR) technology has created opportunities to improve dementia care training. This scoping review will specifically focus on the barriers, facilitators and impacts of implementing fully immersive VR training for dementia care among staff in long-term care (LTC) settings.Methods and analysisWe will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute’s scoping review methodology to ensure scientific rigour. We will collect literature of all languages with abstracts in English from CINAHL, Medline, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science and ProQuest database until 31 December 2023. Grey literature from Google Scholar and AgeWell websites will be included. Inclusion criteria encompass papers involving paid staff (Population), fully immersive VR training on dementia care (Concept) and LTC settings (Context). Literature referring only to non-paid caregivers, non-fully immersive VR or other chronic diseases will be excluded. Literature screening, data extraction and analysis will be conducted by two reviewers separately. We will present a narrative summary with a charting table on the main findings.Ethics and disseminationThis work does not require ethics approval, given the public data availability for this scoping review. Through a comprehensive overview of the current evidence regarding impacts, barriers and facilitators on this topic, potential insights and practical recommendations will be generated to support the implementation of VR training to enhance staff competence in LTC settings. The findings will be presented in a journal article and shared with practitioners on the frontline.
Determining the psychometric properties of a written test to assess safe dental practice
Authors: Zaidi Syed Akbar Abbas , Ilyas Farnaz , Hakeem Saman , Feroze Asher , Sarfaraz Shaur , Ali Syeda Kausar 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionSafe practice in medicine and dentistry has been a global priority area in which large knowledge gaps are present.Patient safety strategies aim at preventing unintended damage to patients that can be caused by healthcare practitioners. One of the components of patient safety is safe clinical practice. Patient safety efforts will help in ensuring safe dental practice for early detection and limiting non-preventable errors.A valid and reliable instrument is required to assess the knowledge of dental students regarding patient safety.ObjectiveTo determine the psychometric properties of a written test to assess safe dental practice in undergraduate dental students.Material and methodsA test comprising 42 multiple-choice questions of one-best type was administered to final year students (52) of a private dental college. Items were developed according to National Board of Medical Examiners item writing guidelines. The content of the test was determined in consultation with dental experts (either professor or associate professor). These experts had to assess each item on the test for language clarity as A: clear, B: ambiguous and relevance as 1: essential, 2: useful, not necessary, 3: not essential. Ethical approval was taken from the concerned dental college. Statistical analysis was done in SPSS V.25 in which descriptive analysis, item analysis and Cronbach’s alpha were measured.ResultThe test scores had a reliability (calculated by Cronbach’s alpha) of 0.722 before and 0.855 after removing 15 items.ConclusionA reliable and valid test was developed which will help to assess the knowledge of dental students regarding safe dental practice. This can guide medical educationist to develop or improve patient safety curriculum to ensure safe dental practice.
Shared genetic architecture highlights the bidirectional association between major depressive disorder and fracture risk
Authors: Zhao Pianpian , Ying Zhimin , Yuan Chengda , Zhang Haisheng , Dong Ao , Tao Jianguo , Yi Xiangjiao , Yang Mengyuan , Jin Wen , Tian Weiliang , Karasik David , Tian Geng , Zheng Houfeng 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundThere is limited evidence suggesting that osteoporosis might exacerbate depressive symptoms, while more studies demonstrate that depression negatively affects bone density and increases fracture risk.AimsTo explore the relationship between major depressive disorder (MDD) and fracture risk.MethodsWe conducted a nested case-control analysis (32 670 patients with fracture and 397 017 individuals without fracture) and a matched cohort analysis (16 496 patients with MDD and 435 492 individuals without MDD) in the same prospective UK Biobank data set. Further, we investigated the shared genetic architecture between MDD and fracture with linkage disequilibrium score regression and the MiXeR statistical tools. We used the conditional/conjunctional false discovery rate approach to identify the specific shared loci. We calculated the weighted genetic risk score for individuals in the UK Biobank and logistic regression was used to confirm the association observed in the prospective study.ResultsWe found that MDD was associated with a 14% increase in fracture risk (hazard ratio (HR) 1.14, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.15, p<0.001) in the nested case-control analysis, while fracture was associated with a 72% increase in MDD risk (HR 1.72, 95% CI 1.64 to 1.79, p<0.001) in the matched cohort analysis, suggesting a longitudinal and bidirectional relationship. Further, genetic summary data suggested a genetic overlap between MDD and fracture. Specifically, we identified four shared genomic loci, with the top signal (rs7554101) nearSGIP1. The protein encoded bySGIP1is involved in cannabinoid receptor type 1 signalling. We found that genetically predicted MDD was associated with a higher risk of fracture andvice versa. In addition, we found that the higher expression level ofSGIP1in the spinal cord and muscle was associated with an increased risk of fracture and MDD.ConclusionsThe genetic pleiotropy between MDD and fracture highlights the bidirectional association observed in the epidemiological analysis. The shared genetic components (such asSGIP1) between the diseases suggest that modulating the endocannabinoid system could be a potential therapeutic strategy for both MDD and bone loss.
Online advertisement in a pink-colored market
Authors: Mehrjoo Amir , Cuevas Rubén , Cuevas Ángel 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIt is surprising that women are often charged more for products and services marketed explicitly to them. This phenomenon, known as the pink tax, is a major issue that questions women’s buying power. Nevertheless, it is not just limited to physical products – even online advertising can be subject to this type of gender-price discrimination. That is where our research comes in. We have developed a new methodology to measure what we call the digital marketing pink tax – the additional expense of delivering advertisements to female audiences. Analyzing data from Facebook advertising platforms across 187 countries and 40 territories shows this issue is systematic. Particularly, the digital marketing pink tax is prevalent in 79% of audiences across the world and 98% of audiences in highly developed countries. Therefore, advertisers incur a median cost of 30% more to display advertisements to women than men. In contrast, advertisers have to pay less digital marketing pink tax in less-developed countries (5%). Our research indicates that countries in the Middle East and Africa with a low Human Development Index (HDI) do not experience this phenomenon. Our comprehensive investigation of 24 industries reveals that advertisers must pay up to 64% of the digital marketing pink tax to target women in some industries. Our findings also suggest a connection between the digital marketing pink tax and the consumer pink tax – the extra charge placed on products marketed to women. Overall, our research sheds light on an important issue affecting women worldwide. Raising awareness of the digital marketing pink tax and advocating for better regulation.