bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐throughput micro plate assays for screening flavonoid content and DPPH‐scavenging activity in sorghum bran and flour
Authors: Herald Thomas J , Gadgil Priyadarshini , Tilley Michael 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Sorghum possesses phenolic compounds that are health‐promoting constituents of the grain. There are approximately 40 000 sorghum accessions, many of which have not been evaluated for the grain's health‐promoting potential. Conventional methods for measuring total phenolic content, flavonoid content and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)‐scavenging capacity are time‐consuming and labour‐intensive, resulting in low overall throughput. The objective of this study was to develop a high‐throughput screening assay for large sorghum sample sets to determine flavonoid and phenolic content and to modify existing DPPH and total phenolic assays.RESULTS: The 96‐well assays exhibited a correlation of > 0.9 with the conventional assays. The 96‐well assays allowed for up to 64 samples to be run per day compared with 20–24 samples (depending on the test) for the conventional methods. The 96‐well assays had excellent accuracy (97.65–106.16% recovery), precision (1.06–8.28% coefficient of variation (CV)) and reproducibility (1.32–2.13% CV inter‐day and 1.36–2.09% CV intra‐day).CONCLUSION: The high‐throughput 96‐well plate method proved to be as robust and reproducible as the conventional method for determining total phenolic content, flavonoid content and DPPH‐scavenging capacity in either sorghum bran or flour. Published 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of hygiene practices and microbiological status of ready‐to‐eat vegetable salads in Spanish school canteens
Authors: Rodríguez‐Caturla Magdevis Y , Valero Antonio , Carrasco Elena , Posada Guiomar D , García‐Gimeno Rosa M , Zurera Gonzalo 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: This study was conducted in eight Spanish school canteens during the period 2008–2009. Food handlers' practices, kitchen equipment, hygiene/sanitation conditions and handling practices were evaluated using checklists. In parallel, the microbiological quality and safety of ready‐to‐eat (RTE) vegetable salads were assessed. In addition, food contact surfaces and environmental air quality of different areas were analysed. The study determined the relationship between the microbiological quality of RTE foods and food handling practices, together with the degree of contamination of working surfaces and environmental contamination of processing and distribution areas.RESULTS: Some deficiencies were found regarding the use and change of gloves, hand‐washing and cleanliness of working surfaces. The microbial levels detected in the foods examined indicated the absence of pathogens in the samples analysed. Surface counts were higher on cutting boards and faucets, showing insufficient cleanliness procedures.CONCLUSION: This study constitutes a descriptive analysis of the hygiene/sanitation conditions implemented in food service systems in eight Spanish school canteens. The results should help risk managers to better define control measures to be adopted in order to prevent foodborne infections. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Antimicrobial activity of Chinese bayberry extract for the preservation of surimi
Authors: Li Jianrong , Han Qiang , Chen Wei , Ye Libin 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Chemical preservatives such as sodium nitrite and potassium sorbate have been widely used to keep surimi products fresh. However, the potential harmfulness to human health cannot be ignored. This study was conducted to develop natural preservatives for the storage of Collichthys surimi.RESULTS: Among the eight Chinese traditional herbs and fruits, Chinese bayberry extract showed the greatest inhibitory effect against surimi spoilage bacteria Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Moreover, N‐butanol phase extract of bayberry (NB) showed the greatest activity among the different phases of bayberry extract. When Chinese bayberry extract was combined with tea polyphenol, an additive inhibitory effect was observed on growth of Hansenula anomala, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. Our results further indicated that the shelf life of surimi products stored at room temperature can be extended when supplemented with Chinese bayberry extract.CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that Chinese bayberry extract can be used as a natural preservative for the storage of Collichthys surimi. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Can we identify men who will have complications from benign prostatic obstruction (BPO)?: ICI‐RS 2011
Authors: Oelke Matthias , Kirschner‐Hermanns Ruth , Thiruchelvam Nikesh , Heesakkers John 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAimsThis ICI‐RS report aims to analyze morphological or functional complications of the lower or upper urinary tract in elderly men, clarify the association between complications and benign prostatic obstruction (BPO) and define men who will develop these complications. Research proposals to further enlighten these associations were to be defined.MethodsA think‐tank discussion was held on the annual ICI‐RS meeting in 2011. The published literature between 1966 and 2011 was reviewed and research proposals were defined with all congress participants.ResultsPost‐void residual, bladder diverticula or calculi, vesico‐ureteral reflux, hydronephrosis, renal insufficiency, and urinary retention appear with greater prevalence in patients with symptoms or signs of benign prostatic hyperplasia. BPO may directly or indirectly be responsible for these complications but conclusive evidence for BPO as the primary cause does not exist. Many of the complications have a multifactorial etiology and BPO is only partially responsible. It is currently impossible to define men who will develop complications.ConclusionsIn contrast to the widespread belief of urologist, there is only rudimentary data available showing no convincing association between urinary tract complications and BPO. The ICI‐RS proposes that prospective trials are conducted to demonstrate the association between complications and BPO by using cystometry, pressure‐flow (P/F) studies, and other commonly used BPO parameters in men with complications and comparing those with a cohort of age‐matched men without complications. Non‐invasive proxy parameters of BPO, for example, ultrasonic measurement of detrusor wall thickness, can be used instead of P/F studies especially in longitudinal trials. Neurourol. Urodynam. 31:322–326, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tridiagonal Toeplitz matrices: properties and novel applications
Authors: Noschese Silvia , Pasquini Lionello , Reichel Lothar 
Published: March 2012

SUMMARYThe eigenvalues and eigenvectors of tridiagonal Toeplitz matrices are known in closed form. This property is in the first part of the paper used to investigate the sensitivity of the spectrum. Explicit expressions for the structured distance to the closest normal matrix, the departure from normality, and theϵ‐pseudospectrum are derived. The second part of the paper discusses applications of the theory to inverse eigenvalue problems, the construction of Chebyshev polynomial‐based Krylov subspace bases, and Tikhonov regularization. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Αge‐associated Variation and Sexual Dimorphism in Adult Cranial Morphology: Implications in Anthropological Studies
Authors: Nikita Efthymia 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTThe current paper explores the impact of age and sex on adult cranial shape and size variation in the documented collections from St Bride's and Spitalfields. The scope is to assess the extent to which it is valid to pool age and sex groups in inter‐population comparisons that use cranial data. For this purpose, age and sex differences in cranial shape and size were explored using multivariate analysis of variance, Discriminant analysis and Mann–Whitney tests. The results suggest a clear change in cranial shape with increasing age; however, this change is not statistically significant. Therefore, it is justifiable to pool different age groups in bioarchaeological analyses. Increasing age also has a minimal impact on cranial size among females, whereas among males, its impact is small but statistically significant. Finally, cranial shape and size are significantly different between males and females, irrespective of their age. This dimorphism can be used for the assessment of sex, although attention should be given to over‐classification problems when using discriminant analysis. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of the measurement of the middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity before and after placental laser coagulation in twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome
Authors: Trieu Ngoc‐Tu , Weingertner A. S. , Guerra F. , Dautun D. , Kohler M. , Vayssière C. , Nisand I. , Favre R. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe aim of this study is to evaluate the incidence of elevated middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity (MCA‐PSV) in twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) before and after laser and its predictive value for intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) occurring within 2 to 7 days following laser.MethodThis is a 5‐year retrospective single‐center study on 86 consecutive laser procedures for TTTS. MCA‐PSV was measured prior to and 48 h following laser. We correlated perioperative MCA‐PSV and fetal survival within 7 days following laser.ResultsThe incidence of elevated MCA‐PSV prior to and following laser (NS) was 8.2% to 9.7% (non significant (NS)). There was no correlation between the incidence of an elevated MCA‐PSV prior to laser and fetal survival up to 7 days after laser (NS, χ 2: 3.49). In contrast, the presence of an MCA‐PSV above 1.5 MoM 48 h following laser in the former donor puts the former donor at a higher risk for IUFD within a week after surgery [odds ratio (OR): 3.42 (interval of confidence (IC) 95%: 1.9–30.6), χ 2: 8.68, p < 0.003].ConclusionThe occurrence of an elevated MCA‐PSV following laser is related to postoperative donor death within 2 to 7 days after laser. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prenatal diagnosis of ‘isolated’ Dandy–Walker malformation: imaging findings and prenatal counselling
Authors: Guibaud Laurent , Larroque Anne , Ville Dorothée , Sanlaville Damien , Till Marianne , Gaucherand Pascal , Pracros Jean‐Pierre , des Portes Vincent 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe purpose of this article is to improve prenatal imaging diagnosis and counselling for cases of ‘isolated’ Dandy–Walker malformation (DWM) in the light of recent literature, which has demonstrated a potential good clinical and intellectual outcome of fetuses presenting with DWM characterised by partial vermian agenesis (identification of two fissures and three lobes) and absence of associated anatomical anomalies.MethodsThis is a retrospective observational study of six consecutive prenatal cystic posterior fossa malformations, diagnosed as DWM, encountered in a national reference centre for posterior fossa malformations over a 2‐year period.ResultsIn all cases, DWM was diagnosed as isolated (without any associated central nervous system or extra‐central nervous system malformations and normal standard karyotype). Despite good‐quality imaging, including fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), prenatal analysis of the vermis was impossible because of limited identification of fissuration and lobulation. In three cases, a cytogenetic anomaly was found, including 6p subtelomeric deletion (n = 2) and partial 4qter deletion associated with partial 7p trisomy (n = 1). One fetus with 6p deletion was terminated. In four of the five postnatal cases, MRI confirmed the diagnosis of DWM but provided only limited information for vermian analysis. In one case, postnatal MRI showed a large Blake's pouch cyst with rotated but complete vermis associated with a marked mass effect on the distal part of the tentorium. Of the four babies born with postnatal diagnosis of DWM, all required ventriculoperitoneal shunting because of early postnatal hydrocephalus.ConclusionWhen fetal MRI is necessary to exclude additional cerebral lesions in the diagnosis of DWM, we highlight the inaccuracy of magnetic resonance for anatomical analysis of the vermis. We also emphasise the potential high incidence of subtelomeric anomalies in isolated DWM, especially 6p deletion. In the postnatal period, paediatricians should look for postnatal hydrocephalus even if the ventricular size is normal or slightly dilated on prenatal imaging. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electron microscopic imaging of an ion beam mixed SiO2/Si interface correlated with photo‐ and cathodoluminescence
Authors: Fitting H.‐J. , Fitting Kourkoutis L. , Schmidt B. , Liedke B. , Ivanova E. V. , Zamoryanskaya M. V. , Pustovarov V. A. , Zatsepin A. F. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractEnergy filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) imaging, and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) of a thin 28 nm SiO2 layer on Si substrate implanted by Si+ ions with an energy of 12 keV are reported. The maximum concentration of implanted Si+ ions is located near the SiO2–Si interface region leading there to an ion beam mixed gradual SiOX (2 ≥ x > 0) buffer region, which is even extended into the Si substrate by atomic collisions (knocking‐off and knocking‐on processes) during ion implantation. Thus, the width of this SiOX buffer layer amounts to about 30 nm extended from 10 to 40 nm depth.The SiOX profile is demonstrated by the above given electron microscopic and spectroscopic methods. Thermal annealing leads to partial phase separation from SiOX1 to SiOX2 with x2 > x1 and silicon precipitates (partially nc‐Si) changing the photo‐ (PL) and cathodoluminescence (CL) spectra especially in the near IR‐region, probably, due to the formation of Si nanoclusters and associated quantum confinement effects.
Stability criteria for continuous and discrete elastic composites and the influence of geometry on the stability of a negative‐stiffness phase
Authors: Kochmann Dennis M. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractRecent experimental findings and theoretical analyses have confirmed the bound‐exceeding performance of composite materials with one constituent of so‐called negative stiffness (i.e., with non‐positive‐definite elastic moduli): the overall elastic properties greatly exceed those of the composite constituents, when the negative‐stiffness phase's properties are appropriately tuned. However, the stability of such composite materials has remained a key open question. It has been shown,e.g., that a spherical particle of a negative‐stiffness material can be stabilized when embedded in a sufficiently stiff and thick coating to impose a geometrical constraint on the negative‐stiffness phase. For general composite geometries (as those arising from actual manufacturing processes), no such investigation has been reported. We review the classical stability conditions for homogeneous linear elastic solids and outline methods to determine the sufficient stability conditions for elastic composites. In addition, a numerical technique to obtain the stability restrictions on the elastic moduli of a composite with, in principle, arbitrary geometry is presented. Based on this method, we investigate the stability of simple elastic two‐phase composites consisting of an inclusion (having non‐positive‐definite elastic moduli) embedded in a different coating material. In particular, the influence of the geometry of the encapsulated particles and the surrounding matrix is shown to considerably affect the overall stability. Our results compare the stability limits for two‐ (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) composite arrangements and provide design guidelines for optimal stability.
Beyond the quantum spin liquid concept in frustrated two dimensional organic superconductors
Authors: Clay R. T. , Dayal S. , Li H. , Mazumdar S. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe occurrence of antiferromagnetism (AFM) in κ‐(ET)2X can be understood within an effective 1/2‐filled band with dimers of ET molecules containing one hole each. We argue that while this effective model can describe the presence of AFM, a complete description for these materials requires the correct carrier density of one‐half per molecule. For dimerized and strongly frustrated 1/4‐filled lattices we show that a singlet‐paired statecoexisting with charge ordering occurs that we have termed the paired electron crystal (PEC). Here we investigate the 1/4‐filled model on a dimerized lattice, showing regions where AFM, PEC, and the Wigner‐crystal occur. We point out the need to go beyond quantum spin liquid concepts for highly frustrated materials such as κ‐(ET)2Cu2(CN)3 and β′‐EtMe3Sb[Pd(dmit)2]2 which we believe are PECs at low temperatures.
Charge ordering in low dimensional organic conductors: Structural aspects
Authors: Pouget Jean‐Paul , Foury‐Leylekian Pascale , Alemany Pere , Canadell Enric 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe paper points out the importance of the coupling between anions and donors in order to achieve the 4kF charge localization observed in (TMTTF)2PF6, δ‐(EDT‐TTF‐CONMe2)2Br and (o‐DMTTF)2Cl/Br salts, the 2kF charge density wave (CDW) ground state of α‐(BEDT‐TTF)2KHg(SCN)4 and the metal to insulator transition of α‐(BEDT‐TTF)2I3. This coupling leads to a cooperative displacement wave of the anions accompanied by a modulation of the density of π holes on the donors. We distinguish two principal anion–donor coupling mechanisms: a direct mechanism via the Hartree anion potential on donor sites and an indirect mechanism via the polarization of σ bonds activated by the modification of the H bonds network. Both kinds of interaction are tuned by the relative displacement of the anions with respect to the donors.
Treatment of a Mouse Model of Spinal Cord Injury by Transplantation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Long-Term Self-Renewing Neuroepithelial-Like Stem Cells
Authors: Fujimoto Yusuke , Abematsu Masahiko , Falk Anna , Tsujimura Keita , Sanosaka Tsukasa , Juliandi Berry , Semi Katsunori , Namihira Masakazu , Komiya Setsuro , Smith Austin , Nakashima Kinichi 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Because of their ability to self-renew, to differentiate into multiple lineages, and to migrate toward a damaged site, neural stem cells (NSCs), which can be derived from various sources such as fetal tissues and embryonic stem cells, are currently considered to be promising components of cell replacement strategies aimed at treating injuries of the central nervous system, including the spinal cord. Despite their efficiency in promoting functional recovery, these NSCs are not homogeneous and possess variable characteristics depending on their derivation protocols. The advent of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells has provided new prospects for regenerative medicine. We used a recently developed robust and stable protocol for the generation of long-term, self-renewing, neuroepithelial-like stem cells from human iPS cells (hiPS-lt-NES cells), which can provide a homogeneous and well-defined population of NSCs for standardized analysis. Here, we show that transplanted hiPS-lt-NES cells differentiate into neural lineages in the mouse model of spinal cord injury (SCI) and promote functional recovery of hind limb motor function. Furthermore, using two different neuronal tracers and ablation of the transplanted cells, we revealed that transplanted hiPS-lt-NES cell-derived neurons, together with the surviving endogenous neurons, contributed to restored motor function. Both types of neurons reconstructed the corticospinal tract by forming synaptic connections and integrating neuronal circuits. Our findings indicate that hiPS-lt-NES transplantation represents a promising avenue for effective cell-based treatment of SCI.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Precision and shortcomings of yaw error estimation using spinner‐based light detection and ranging
Authors: Kragh Knud A. , Hansen Morten H. , Mikkelsen Torben 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTWhen extracting energy from the wind using horizontal axis wind turbines, the ability to align the rotor axis with the mean wind direction is crucial. In previous work, a method for estimating the yaw error based on measurements from a spinner mounted light detection and ranging (LIDAR) device was developed and tested. In this study, the simulation parameter space is extended to include higher levels of turbulence intensity. Furthermore, the method is applied to experimental data and compared with met‐mast data corrected for a calibration error that was not discovered during previous work. Finally, the shortcomings of using a spinner mounted LIDAR for yaw error estimation are discussed. The extended simulation study shows that with the applied method, the yaw error can be estimated with a precision of a few degrees, even in highly turbulent flows. Applying the method to experimental data reveals an average yaw error of approximately 9° during a period of 2 h, and good correlation is seen between LIDAR‐based estimates and met‐mast data. The final discussion suggests a number of challenges of the method when applied to measurements in complex flow. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Estimate of the Number of Lives that Could be Saved through Improvements in Trauma Care Globally
Authors: Mock Charles , Joshipura Manjul , Arreola‐Risa Carlos , Quansah Robert 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundReducing the global burden of injury requires both injury prevention and improved trauma care. We sought to provide an estimate of the number of lives that could be saved by improvements in trauma care, especially in low income and middle income countries.MethodsPrior data showed differences in case fatality rates for seriously injured persons (Injury Severity Score ≥9) in three separate locations: Seattle, WA (high income; case fatality 35%); Monterrey, Mexico (middle income; case fatality 55%); and Kumasi, Ghana (low income; case fatality 63%). For the present study, total numbers of injury deaths in all countries in different economic strata were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease study. The number of lives that could potentially be saved from improvements in trauma care globally was calculated as the difference in current number of deaths from trauma in low income and middle income countries minus the number of deaths that would have occurred if case fatality rates in these locations were decreased to the case fatality rate in high income countries.ResultsBetween 1,730,000 and 1,965,000 lives could be saved in low income and middle income countries if case fatality rates among seriously injured persons could be reduced to those in high income countries. This amounts to 34–38% of all injury deaths.ConclusionsA significant number of lives could be saved by improvements in trauma care globally. This is another piece of evidence in support of investment in and greater attention to strengthening trauma care services globally.