bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Mild and Metal Free Effective Route for the Synthesis of the Benzofuro[3,2‐c]quinoline Frame Work via Pictet‐Spengler Reaction
Authors: Vanga Anusha , Subbarao Muppidi , Debbarma Chumui , Nayak Mrutunjay , Kamireddy Kamalakar Reddy , Shiva Kumar K. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe have reported an effective, metal free, one‐pot methodology for synthesising benzofuro[3,2‐c]quinolines via a Pictet‐Spengler reaction under mild conditions in open air. Our approach has a few advantages over the traditional two‐component synthesis as it is step and atom economic, environmentally benign and a convergent synthetic method. We have discussed here the good substrate scope of this novel methodology.
A Chemometric–Assisted Voltammetric Method for Simultaneous Determination of Acetaminophen and Diclofenac
Authors: Azish Neda , Pourbasheer Eslam , Imanzadeh Hamideh , Amiri Mandana 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDiclofenac (DCF) and Acetaminophen (ACT) are among the most important nonsteroidal anti–inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that sought after for their antipyretic, analgesic, and anti‐inflammatory properties. In addition, ACT and DCF show synergistic activity toward pain relief. Therefore, appropriate analytical strategies are required for the simultaneous quantification of these NSAIDs in prescription drugs. This study introduces a method for the direct and simultaneous determination of ACT and DCF using the voltammetric approach in conjunction with chemometric tools such as partial least squares (PLS) and genetic algorithm–multiple linear regressions (GA−MLR). The calibration set was established using differential pulse voltammetry for 25 distinct mixtures of ACT and DCF. The calibration curve exhibited linearity within the concentration ranges of 0.1–1000 μM for ACT and 0.1–100 and 100–1000 for DCF. The effectiveness of chemometric methods was evaluated by analyzing synthetic mixtures of ACT and DCF and applying these methods to real samples containing a commercial pharmaceutical preparation of the specified drugs. Both methods yielded favorable results.
Optimized Method for High‐Quality RNA Extraction from Formalin‐Fixed Paraffin‐Embedded Tissues
Authors: Dara Mahintaj , Dianatpour Mehdi , Omidifar Navid , Azarpira Negar , Nili‐Ahmadabadi Amir 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRNA extraction from formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissues (FFPE) presents a notable challenge. Extracting RNA from FFPE tissues has been challenging due to RNA degradation and chemical bonding between RNA and proteins during the fixation process. This results in reduced concentration and quality of the extracted RNA from FFPE tissues, impacting subsequent downstream analyses. In this study, we present an optimized approach involves replacing the tissue temperature‐digestion step with tissue crushing and homogenization. RNA extraction was performed on 100 FFPE tissue blocks obtained from the archive of Pathology Department of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. After deparafinization of the tissues, RNA was extracted using this modified method, and the results compared to those of a standard extraction procedure and commercial kits used for FFPE tissue. Then gel electrophoresis and Real time PCR were done to check the quality and integrity of the extracted RNA. The results show that the concentration of RNA obtained from this method was significantly (P value <0.0001) higher than the other methods. In conclusion, we have successfully introduced a modified method that enables the extraction of high‐quality and intact RNA from FFPE tissue. This method stands as a reliable option for molecular biology studies necessitating precise RNA extraction.
A Promising Therapeutic Scaffold Fusing Chalcone/Coumarin Targeting Colorectal Cancer: Design, Synthesis, Biological and ADME‐tox Modelling
Authors: Ramírez‐Bedoya Camilo , Cardona‐Galeano Wilson , Herrera‐Ramírez Angie , Yepes Andrés F. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEight novel compounds incorporating chalcone and coumarin features, namely chalcone‐coumarin‐ hybrid molecules, were designed, synthetized, and evaluated for their activity against human colorectal carcinoma SW480 cell line. According to the results observed, the hybrid with a 2,3‐dimetoxysubstitution pattern displayed the highest activity at the conditions evaluated, with an IC50 value of 25.18±1.12 μM, being even more active than the reference drug (5‐fluorouracil) and the parental compound (7‐methylcoumarin). In addition, this hybrid compound exhibited significant antiproliferative activity in a time‐ and concentration dependent way, suggesting rather a cytostatic or cytotoxic effect. Moreover, a theoretical drug‐like/pharmacokinetics/toxicological study suggested that the most promising hybrid would have a great chance to advance to further preclinical studies as anti‐cancer therapeutic candidate for oral oncological management. Our study evidently identified the potency of chalcone‐coumarin conjugates, particularly the 2,3‐dimetoxysubstituited molecule to be a prototype drug for further investigations toward novel therapeutics treatments of colorectal cancer.
Synthesis and Characterization of Oxime Derivatives and their Some Transition Metal Complexes with Thiadiazole Groups: Biological Activities, and Molecular Docking Studies of the Ligands
Authors: Otaiwi Ahmed Saleem , Mirghani Ahmed Hamdi , Bostancı Hayrani Eren , Coskun Ahmet , Tahtaci Hakan , Uysal Saban 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study involved the synthesis and investigation of the anticancer and antioxidant capabilities of six newly developed ligands generated from 1,3,4‐thiadiazole and diphenyl ether keto oxime which has never been synthesized before, together with their transition metal complexes. The obtained ligands were characterized using elemental analysis, FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectroscopy. Polymeric complexes of the obtained ligands were synthesized by reacting all ligands with MCl2.nH2O (M: Mn2+/Co2+)/Ni2+/Cu2+)) salts. The polymeric complexes′ structures were determined using elemental analysis, ICP‐AES, FTIR spectroscopy, UV‐vis spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. Subsequently, the ligands were examined for their anticancer properties. To achieve this objective, the HT‐22 cell line, which consists of healthy mouse hippocampus neuronal cells, is utilized as the control group. Additionally, the MCF7 (breast cancer), MDA‐MB‐231 (breast cancer), C6 (rat glioma), HT‐29 (colon cancer), and A549 (lung carcinoma) cell lines are employed in cell culture research as representatives of cancerous cell lines. Based on the cell culture investigations, some of the synthesized ligands showed moderate to good anti‐cancer activity, especially for both colon cancer and brain tumors. Finally, a molecular docking analysis was conducted utilizing MOE software to ascertain the binding affinity between the synthesized ligands and the specific proteins of interest.
Spatially Confined π‐Complexation within Pore‐Space‐Partitioned Metal–Organic Frameworks for Enhanced Light Hydrocarbon Separation and Purification
Authors: Xue Ying‐Ying , Lei Jiao , Lv Hong‐Juan , Liang Pan , Li Lianqing , Zhai Quan‐Guo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractUltramicroporous metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are demonstrated to be advantageous for the separation and purification of light hydrocarbons such as C2H2, C2H4, and CH4. The introduction of transition metal sites with strong π‐complexation affinity into MOFs is more effective than other adsorption sites for the selective adsorption of π‐electron‐rich unsaturated hydrocarbon gases from their mixtures. However, lower coordination numbers make it challenging to produce robust MOFs directly utilizing metal ions with π‐coordination activity, such as Cu+, Ag+, and Pd2+. Herein, a series of novel π‐complexing MOFs (SNNU‐33s) with a pore size of 4.6 Å are precisely constructed by cleverly introducing symmetrically matched C3‐type [Cu(pyz)3] (pyz = pyrazine) coordinated fragments into 1D hexagonal channels of MIL‐88 prototype frameworks. Benifit from the spatial confinement combined with π‐complex‐active Cu+ of [Cu(pyz)3], pore‐space‐partitioned SNNU‐33 MOFs all present excellent C2H2/CH4, C2H4/CH4, and CO2/CH4 separation ability. Notably, the optimized SNNU‐33b adsorbent demonstrates top‐level IAST selectivity values for C2H2/CH4 (597.4) and C2H4/CH4 (69.8), as well as excellent breakthrough performance. Theoretical calculations further reveal that such benchmark light hydrocarbon separation and purification ability is mainly ascribed to the extra‐strong binding affinity between Cu+ and π‐electron donor molecules via a spatially confined π‐complexation process.
Professional development of advanced sonography skills in the performance of arterio‐venous fistula studies: The role of the learning landscape, feedback and emotion
Authors: Oomens Donna , Thomas Samantha , Clarke Jillian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionSonographers are expected to perform an increasingly broad range of imaging studies; however, how sonographers learn these new skills is not well documented. The learning landscape in which teaching occurs impacts on the way a skill may be acquired and the future attitude towards performance of the study. This study explored how the skill of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) scanning was acquired and the environment in which this learning occurred in Australian practices. The role of feedback and its reception was also explored, as feedback influences self‐reflection and the development of critical thinking skills.MethodsSemi structured interviews were conducted to explore the learning environments of qualified sonographers, with varying skill levels, who performed or who were learning to undertake AVF ultrasound examinations and had expressed an interest in participating (n = 16). After transcription, thematic analysis was employed and themes generated.ResultsThree themes arose: (1) how sonographers learnt to perform AVF studies, (2) their attitudes to feedback, and (3) competency and confidence.ConclusionsIn acquiring AVF scanning skills, the landscape in which sonographers learn helps shape their future attitudes to performing the ultrasound, as well as their response to seeking and receiving feedback. Feedback can contribute to future development of competence through prompting self‐reflection and critical thinking which ultimately helps limit overconfidence.Therefore, supervising sonographers are encouraged to consider the emotional state in which learning occurs, as it may impact the overall acquisition of, and practice of skills, resulting in improved professional outcomes.
Reflections: Lessons Learned, Limitations, and the Way Forward for Urban Agriculture in Public Space
Authors: Sirowy Beata , Ruggeri Deni 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis chapter offers a closing reflection on the book. The editors situate urban agriculture practices in the context of contemporary societal challenges and emphasizes the unique role of public space in actualizing the plethora of benefits of urban cultivation to individual and communal well-being of city dwellers. They conclude with a short reflection on the future trajectories for urban agriculture practices in the compact city.
Capabilities and Beyond: Towards an Operationalization of Eudaimonic Well-Being in a Public Space Context
Authors: Sirowy Beata 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this chapter I discuss and attempt to operationalize the concept of human well-being in cities based on the Aristotelian view of human flourishing (eudaimonia) and elements of Martha Nussbaum’s capability approach, in the context of public space – viewed through the lenses of the theory of affordances. This operationalization may be used to evaluate the potential of public spaces (both actual and planned) to sustain human flourishing – an alternative to valuation models driven by instrumental rationality, such as cost-benefit analysis.I use the ten human capabilities identified by Martha Nussbaum to map the central dimensions of eudaimonic well-being and ask: What kind of spatial/functional and social affordances need to be granted by a given urban agriculture project to sustain the well-being dimensions indicated by each of the capabilities? Further, I extend the operationalization with the consideration of virtues (moral and intellectual excellences) – which is largely absent in capability scholarship. I ask: What kind of virtues can be linked to each of the ten central capabilities, and what kind of spatial/functional and social affordances would support the cultivation of these virtues?By problematizing eudaimonic well-being in cities, this chapter contributes to a growing discussion on the relationship between the qualities of the built environment and human well-being. This research typically focuses on the range of pathways through which the built environment may affect human well-being, not on its operationalization, and adopts a hedonic view of human well-being in an implicit way. I argue that the distinction between eudaimonic and hedonic well-being needs to be pronounced more clearly in urban research and more attention needs to be paid to the eudaimonic well-being construct which is much more concerned with the achievement of full human potential than the hedonic models.
The Importance of Social Programming in Urban Agriculture: A Practitioner’s Experiences from Norway
Authors: Gallis Helene , Weger Kimberly , Curtis Adam 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis contribution presents Norwegian experiences of the urban agriculture pioneer Nabolagshager and its founder Helene Gallis. The chapter takes the form of a selected memoir of the development of urban agriculture projects in Oslo and presents the case for a more systematic application of placemaking principles in urban agriculture in order to enhance the social well-being aspects of these projects. Gallis argues that her experience in combining placemaking with urban agriculture can enable community members, residents, and fragile and undesirable groups to participate in the co-creation of urban agriculture in public spaces, where they could be empowered to their full human capabilities. The project stories particularly highlight the transformative impact of using the placemaking principle of triangulation in urban agriculture projects and can be of inspiration for innovative new forms reappropriation and co-production for more accessible, inclusive, and democratic cultivated public spaces in the compact city.
Boundaries Between Research, Surveillance and Monitored Emergency Use
Authors: Voo Teck Chuan , Mastroleo Ignacio 
Published: April 2024

AbstractResponses to outbreaks, epidemics and pandemics involves a heterogeneous set of activities that aim to address threats to public health. In addition to research, non-research activities, such as prevention and control interventions, and surveillance, are conducted. The boundaries between research and non-research responses can rapidly blur during a public health emergency such as the COVID-19 pandemic. There may be common elements between these types of activities, and they may draw on the same resources and infrastructure. Non-research activities, such as surveillance and emergency non-research use of unproven interventions, and research activities must all be undertaken in an ethical manner as components of emergency response. However, care is needed to distinguish between non-research public health activities and research, because research often has considerations and requirements for its ethical conduct which are distinct from non-research public health activities. Research aims to produce generalizable knowledge, and mechanisms such as participant consent and independent ethics review aim to ensure that the rights and interests of research participants are respected. Ensuring that research and non-research activities are appropriately distinguished can additionally promote proper coordination of such activities, and increase trust and social accountability in pandemic responses. Consequently, it is important to distinguish between these different activities on the basis of their primary aim, and to consider whether their implementation is justifiable, based on their aims and the relevant ethical framework for each type of activity, and how they are coordinated as part of the larger collective activity of emergency response and management. Complex questions arise about how the different stakeholders involved in decision-making should make valid and justifiable decisions about whether the response activity is research or non-research. The cases in this chapter invite consideration about how such decisions should be made, and their implications, in the context of applications to conduct retrospective research into the outcomes of emergency uses of unproven interventions outside clinical trials, and of characterising antibody-testing initiatives and systematic data collection activities as surveillance or research.
Comparison of Flow Reduction Efficacy of Nominal and Oversized Flow Diverters Using a Novel Measurement-assisted in Silico Method
Authors: Csippa Benjamin , Sándor Levente , Závodszky Gábor , Szikora István , Paál György 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The high efficacy of flow diverters (FD) in the case of wide-neck aneurysms is well demonstrated, yet new challenges have arisen because of reported posttreatment failures and the growing number of new generation of devices. Our aim is to present a measurement-supported in silico workflow that automates the virtual deployment and subsequent hemodynamic analysis of FDs. In this work, the objective is to analyze the effects of FD deployment variability of two manufacturers on posttreatment flow reduction.

Methods
The virtual deployment procedure is based on detailed mechanical calibration of the flow diverters, while the flow representation is based on hydrodynamic resistance (HR) measurements. Computational fluid dynamic simulations resulted in 5 untreated and 80 virtually treated scenarios, including 2 FD designs in nominal and oversized deployment states. The simulated aneurysmal velocity reduction (AMVR) is correlated with the HR values and deployment scenarios.

Results
The linear HR coefficient and AMVR revealed a power-law relationship considering all 80 deployments. In nominal deployment scenarios, a significantly larger average AMVR was obtained (60.3%) for the 64-wire FDs than for 48-wire FDs (51.9%). In oversized deployments, the average AMVR was almost the same for 64-wire and 48-wire device types, 27.5% and 25.7%, respectively.

Conclusion
The applicability of our numerical workflow was demonstrated, also in large-scale hemodynamic investigations. The study revealed a robust power-law relationship between a HR coefficient and AMVR. Furthermore, the 64 wire configurations in nominal sizing produced a significantly higher posttreatment flow reduction, replicating the results of other in vitro studies.
Characterization of randomly oriented strand boards manufactured from juvenile wood of underutilized wood species
Authors: Pipíška Tomáš , Nociar Marek , Král Pavel , Ráheľ Jozef , Bekhta Pavlo , Réh Roman , Krišťák Ľuboš , Jopek Miroslav , Pijáková Barbora , Wimmer Rupert , Šernek Milan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe wood-based panel industry in Europe, which is dominated by the use of Norway spruce, will face new challenges due to environmental changes and the bark-beetle calamity, which started a new era of forestry. To explore the possibility of replacing spruce with other wood species, juvenile wood of nine underutilized wood species (Scots pine, European larch, poplar, willow, alder, birch, European beech, English oak and hornbeam) were used to make randomly oriented strand boards (OSBs). Single-layer OSBs were produced with 3% pMDI resin and 0.5% wax. Standard physical and mechanical properties were measured. The bending strength (MOR) values showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the values for, on the one hand, spruce (34.6 MPa) and, on the other, larch (25.9 MPa), poplar (25.2 MPa), willow (27.8 MPa), alder (34.3 MPa) or birch (27.1 MPa). A similar trend was found for the boards modulus of elasticity (MOE). The highest MOE values of 5,185 MPa and 4,472 MPa were found for spruce and alder, respectively. There was no significant difference between spruce and other wood species in internal bond strength. Boards made from high-density wood species showed better physical performance, whereas those made from low-density wood species (except pine) gave better mechanical properties. Strand-generalized characteristics, such as the slenderness ratio and specific surface, were analyzed for all investigated physical and mechanical properties. European larch, poplar, willow, and alder are potential wood species for manufacturing OSBs in future without mixing species, as they can replace spruce in the wood-based panel industry.
The thrombin receptor PAR4 supports visceral adipose tissue inflammation
Authors: Kleeschulte Sonja , Fischinger Vivien , Öhlke Lisa , Bode Johannes , Kamler Markus , Dobrev Dobromir , Grandoch Maria , Fender Anke C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThrombin inhibition suppresses adiposity, WAT inflammation and metabolic dysfunction in mice. Protease-activated receptor (PAR)1 does not account for thrombin-driven obesity, so we explored the culprit role of PAR4 in this context. Male WT and PAR-4-/- mice received a high fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks, WT controls received standard chow. Body fat was quantified by NMR. Epididymal WAT was assessed by histology, immunohistochemistry, qPCR and lipase activity assay. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were differentiated ± thrombin, acutely stimulated ± PAR4 activating peptide (AP) and assessed by immunoblot, qPCR and U937 monocyte adhesion. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) from obese and lean patients was assessed by immunoblot. PAR4 was upregulated in mouse WAT under HFD. PAR4-/- mice developed less visceral adiposity and glucose intolerance under HFD, featuring smaller adipocytes, fewer macrophages and lower expression of adipogenic (leptin, PPARγ) and pro-inflammatory genes (CCL2, IL-1β) in WAT. HFD-modified activity and expression of lipases or perilipin were unaffected by PAR4 deletion. 3T3-L1 adipocytes differentiated with thrombin retained Ki67 expression, further upregulated IL-1β and CCL2 and were more adhesive for monocytes. In mature adipocytes, PAR4-AP increased phosphorylated ERK1/2 and AKT, upregulated Ki67, CCl2, IL-β and hyaluronan synthase 1 but not TNF-α mRNA, and augmented hyaluronidase-sensitive monocyte adhesion. Obese human EAT expressed more PAR4, CD68 and CD54 than lean EAT. PAR4 upregulated in obesity supports adipocyte hypertrophy, WAT expansion and thrombo-inflammation. The emerging PAR4 antagonists provide a therapeutic perspective in this context beyond their canonical antiplatelet action.