bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Voltage-controllable magnetic behavior in PZT/NiFe/CoFe nanocomposites
Authors: Hong Nguyen Thi Minh , Thang Pham Duc , Tiep Nguyen Huy , Cuong Le Viet , Duc Nguyen Huu 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Recently, the electric field induced manipulation of magnetic properties has become one of the most interesting research topics because of its promising applications in magnetoelectronics, such as future logic elements and electric–magnetic memories. In this paper, the NiFe/CoFe ferromagnetic nanostructured thin films were directly deposited on the ferroelectric PZT substrate, which was polarized parallel to the thickness or along the surface. In these samples, the stress originating from the piezoelectric layer is transferred into the magnetostrictive layer, which induces an elastic strain and results in a change in magnetization, thanks to the converse magnetoelectric effect. By analyzing the magnetization of the nanocomposite under a fixed magnetic field up to 5×103
Oe at different voltages applied to the ferromagnetic substrate, we can investigate the voltage-controllable magnetization in this composite. The obtained results show that the magnetization of the NiFe/CoFe film changes around 6% at the low voltage of 60 V and up to two times larger at 800 V in an external magnetic field of 50 Oe. The use of voltage also allows the reversible adjustment of the magnetization orientation in ferromagnetic layers.
Agos—a universal web tool for GW Argonaute-binding domain prediction
Authors: Zielezinski Andrzej , Karlowski Wojciech M. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Motivation: AGO(Argonaute)-binding domains, composed of repeated motifs, in which only binary combinations of tryptophan and glycine are conserved, bind AGO proteins and are essential during RNAi-mediated gene silencing. The amino acid sequence of this domain is extremely divergent and therefore very difficult to detect. Commonly used bioinformatic tools fail to identify tryptophan–glycine and/or glycine–tryptophan motifs (WG/GW) domains and currently there is no publicly available software which can detect these weakly conserved, but functional AGO-binding segments.
Results: Recently, we have developed an algorithm based on compositional analysis of the amino acid content of the domain. We have demonstrated that the algorithm can be successfully applied for the identification of the new WG/GW proteins in the Arabidopsis genome. Here we introduce Agos (Argonaute-binding domain screener), a novel universal web service for de novo identification of WG/GW domains in protein sequences. The web implementation of the algorithm contains several new features and enhancements: (i) one universal scoring matrix which allows identification of AGO-binding proteins in sequences representing all organisms; (ii) reduction of false positive predictions by improved selectivity of the algorithm; (iii) graphical interface to easily browse the prediction results; and (iv) the option to submit a DNA sequence which will be automatically translated in six frames before running the prediction algorithm.
Availability: Freely available at: http://bioinfo.amu.edu.pl/agos/.
Contact: wmk@amu.edu.pl
Supplementary Information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Evaluation of the design and efficiency of the Norwegian self-sampling purse-seine reference fleet
Authors: Pennington Michael , Helle Kristin 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Pennington, M., and Helle, K. 2011. Evaluation of the design and efficiency of the Norwegian self-sampling purse-seine reference fleet. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 1764–1768. A self-sampling reference fleet is employed by the Institute of Marine Research to estimate the characteristics of the Norwegian commercial catch for a number of species. The reference fleet is composed of commercial fishing vessels that are paid to measure a subsample of fish from selected catches and, less frequently, to take and preserve otolith, stomach, and genetic samples. In this study, the sampling design for monitoring the catches of herring, mackerel, and blue whiting used by the recently established purse-seine segment of the reference fleet is evaluated. The precision of the estimated mean lengths, and hence that of the estimated length distributions of the entire commercial catch, was bounded by the number of boats in the purse-seine reference fleet. Therefore, the only way to improve survey precision significantly is to increase the number of boats in the reference fleet. In addition, the effective sample sizes were much smaller than the total number of fish measured, from which it followed that too many fish were measured in each selected catch. Based on this analysis, the prescribed number of fish sampled from each selected catch has been reduced by more than 50%.
Ethylene Receptor ETHYLENE RECEPTOR1 Domain Requirements for Ethylene Responses in Arabidopsis Seedlings
Authors: Kim Heejung , Helmbrecht Elizabeth E. , Stalans M. Blaine , Schmitt Christina , Patel Nesha , Wen Chi-Kuang , Wang Wuyi , Binder Brad M. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Ethylene influences many processes in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) through the action of five receptor isoforms. We used high-resolution, time-lapse imaging of dark-grown Arabidopsis seedlings to better understand the roles of each isoform in the regulation of growth in air, ethylene-stimulated nutations, and growth recovery after ethylene removal. We found that ETHYLENE RECEPTOR1 (ETR1) is both necessary and sufficient for nutations. Transgene constructs in which the ETR1 promoter was used to drive expression of cDNAs for each of the five receptor isoforms were transferred into etr1-6;etr2-3;ein4-4 triple loss-of-function mutants that have constitutive growth inhibition in air, fail to nutate in ethylene, and take longer to recover a normal growth rate when ethylene is removed. The patterns of rescue show that ETR1, ETR2, and ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE4 (EIN4) have the prominent roles in rapid growth recovery after removal of ethylene whereas ETR1 was the sole isoform that rescued nutations. ETR1 histidine kinase activity and phosphotransfer through the receiver domain are not required to rescue nutations. However, REVERSION TO SENSITIVITY1 modulates ethylene-stimulated nutations but does not modulate the rate of growth recovery after ethylene removal. Several chimeric receptor transgene constructs where domains of EIN4 were swapped into ETR1 were also introduced into the triple mutant. The pattern of phenotype rescue by the chimeric receptors used in this study supports a model where a receptor with a receiver domain is required for normal growth recovery and that nutations specifically require the full-length ETR1 receptor.
Overexpression of ArabidopsisECERIFERUM1Promotes Wax Very-Long-Chain Alkane Biosynthesis and Influences Plant Response to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses
Authors: Bourdenx Brice , Bernard Amélie , Domergue Frédéric , Pascal Stéphanie , Léger Amandine , Roby Dominique , Pervent Marjorie , Vile Denis , Haslam Richard P. , Napier Johnathan A. , Lessire René , Joubès Jérôme 
Published: March 2011

AbstractLand plant aerial organs are covered by a hydrophobic layer called the cuticle that serves as a waterproof barrier protecting plants against desiccation, ultraviolet radiation, and pathogens. Cuticle consists of a cutin matrix as well as cuticular waxes in which very-long-chain (VLC) alkanes are the major components, representing up to 70% of the total wax content in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaves. However, despite its major involvement in cuticle formation, the alkane-forming pathway is still largely unknown. To address this deficiency, we report here the characterization of the Arabidopsis ECERIFERUM1 (CER1) gene predicted to encode an enzyme involved in alkane biosynthesis. Analysis of CER1 expression showed that CER1 is specifically expressed in the epidermis of aerial organs and coexpressed with other genes of the alkane-forming pathway. Modification of CER1 expression in transgenic plants specifically affects VLC alkane biosynthesis: waxes of TDNA insertional mutant alleles are devoid of VLC alkanes and derivatives, whereas CER1 overexpression dramatically increases the production of the odd-carbon-numbered alkanes together with a substantial accumulation of iso-branched alkanes. We also showed that CER1 expression is induced by osmotic stresses and regulated by abscisic acid. Furthermore, CER1-overexpressing plants showed reduced cuticle permeability together with reduced soil water deficit susceptibility. However, CER1 overexpression increased susceptibility to bacterial and fungal pathogens. Taken together, these results demonstrate that CER1 controls alkane biosynthesis and is highly linked to responses to biotic and abiotic stresses.
Phosphorylation of the Nicotiana benthamiana WRKY8 Transcription Factor by MAPK Functions in the Defense Response
Authors: Ishihama Nobuaki , Yamada Reiko , Yoshioka Miki , Katou Shinpei , Yoshioka Hirofumi 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades have pivotal roles in plant innate immunity. However, downstream signaling of plant defense-related MAPKs is not well understood. Here, we provide evidence that the Nicotiana benthamiana WRKY8 transcription factor is a physiological substrate of SIPK, NTF4, and WIPK. Clustered Pro-directed Ser residues (SP cluster), which are conserved in group I WRKY proteins, in the N-terminal region of WRKY8 were phosphorylated by these MAPKs in vitro. Antiphosphopeptide antibodies indicated that Ser residues in the SP cluster of WRKY8 are phosphorylated by SIPK, NTF4, and WIPK in vivo. The interaction of WRKY8 with MAPKs depended on its D domain, which is a MAPK-interacting motif, and this interaction was required for effective phosphorylation of WRKY8 in plants. Phosphorylation of WRKY8 increased its DNA binding activity to the cognate W-box sequence. The phospho-mimicking mutant of WRKY8 showed higher transactivation activity, and its ectopic expression induced defense-related genes, such as 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase 2 and NADP-malic enzyme. By contrast, silencing of WRKY8 decreased the expression of defense-related genes and increased disease susceptibility to the pathogens Phytophthora infestans and Colletotrichum orbiculare. Thus, MAPK-mediated phosphorylation of WRKY8 has an important role in the defense response through activation of downstream genes.
Review of the relevance of aberrant antigen expression by flow cytometry in myeloid neoplasms
Authors: Ossenkoppele Gert J. , van de Loosdrecht Arjan A. , Schuurhuis Gerrit Jan 
Published: March 2011

SummaryThis article reviews the use of aberrant antigen expression detected by flow cytometry in the diagnosis and clinical handling of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and the myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Such aberrancies offer a valuable tool for the proper classification of these myeloid malignancies according the World Health Organization 2008 classification. Aberrant antigen expression by flow cytometry is also important for prognostification. This review supports the view, that minimal residual disease detection methods that make use of such aberrancies should be part of the routine management of AML patients to guide therapy, but also suggests the introduction of flow cytometry in MDS for diagnosis and treatment decisions in the near future.
Feasibility of DNA diagnosis of haemoglobinopathies on coelocentesis
Authors: Giambona Antonino , Makrydimas George , Leto Filippo , Damiani Gianfranca , Jakil Maria Cristina , Picciotto Francesco , Renda Disma , Fiorino Rosanna , Renda Maria Concetta , Schillaci Giovanna , Gueli‐Alletti Desiderio , Nicolaides Kypros H. , Maggio Aurelio 
Published: March 2011

SummaryAt 5–12 weeks of gestation the amniotic sac is surrounded by celomic fluid, which contains cells of fetal origin. This fluid can be sampled by celocentesis, which involves the ultrasound‐guided insertion of a needle through the vagina. The aim of this study was to examine the feasibility of prenatal diagnosis of haemoglobinopathies from the celomic fluid using a specific protocol. Celocentesis was performed at 7–9 weeks gestation in 26 singleton pregnancies at risk for haemoglobinopathies. In 25 cases more than 30 fetal cells were recovered from the celomic fluid and in all these cases molecular analysis for haemoglobinopathies was possible and the results were confirmed by subsequent chorionic villus sampling or amniocentesis. The results of this study suggest that reliable diagnosis of thalassemia syndromes can be performed from 7 weeks gestation by celocentesis. Further work is necessary to demonstrate the safety of celocentesis before widespread use.
Physicochemical aspects of hydrocolloid extract from the seeds of Lepidium sativum
Authors: Karazhiyan Hojjat , Razavi Seyed M. A. , Phillips Glyn O. , Fang Yapeng , Al‐Assaf Saphwan , Nishinari Katsuyoshi 
Published: March 2011

SummaryAcid equivalent weight, intrinsic viscosity and FT‐IR measurements have demonstrated a polyelectrolyte nature to Lepidium sativum seed extract. The polyelectrolyte nature relates to the carboxyl groups carried by galacturonic acid and glucuronic acid unit. The seed extract exhibited pronounced shear thinning in steady shear rheology and a weak gel type behaviour in dynamic rheology when the concentration is high i.e. > 1%. Such behaviour suggests the ability of L. sativum seed extract to structure a liquid, thus showing the possibility of applying it as a novel thickener and stabiliser in aqueous systems. The characteristic could be due to a strong tendency of molecular association of L. sativum seed extract as found for high M/G ratio galactomannans, and possibly also the enhanced macromolecular entanglement due to relatively rigid chain conformation. Temperature dependence study showed that the rheological properties of L. sativum structured solution is stable against temperature variation.
Volatile composition and key flavour compounds of spirits from unifloral honeys
Authors: Pino Jorge A. , Fajardo Mario 
Published: March 2011

SummaryThe volatile components of industrially produced spirits from three unifloral honeys of campanilla morada (Ipomoea crassicaulis [Benth.] B.L. Robinson), citrus (Citrus spp. L.) and romerillo de costa (Viguiera dentata [Cav.] Spreng.) were studied by combined sensory and instrumental techniques. GC and GC‐MS analyses of the isolated extracts led to the detection of 205 volatile compounds, 150 of them were positively identified. In general, the most abundant classes were saturated alcohols, ethyl esters of saturated fatty acids and terpenes in all samples. Relative aroma intensity of individual volatile components was evaluated by aroma extract dilution analysis of solvent extracts, by gas chromatography‐olfactometry and by odour activity values. Results indicated that 11 compounds: ethanol, ethyl esters of isopentanoic, hexanoic, octanoic and decanoic acids, 2‐phenylethyl acetate, (E)‐β‐damascenone, hotrienol, decanal, methyl anthranilate and ethyl (E)‐cinnamate were the most potent odorants in the honey spirits.
Anxiety and uncertainty in Korean mothers of children with febrile convulsion: cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Ju Hyeon Ok , McElmurry Beverly J , Park Chang Gi , McCreary Linda , Kim Minju , Kim Eun Joo 
Published: March 2011

Aims and objectives.  The purpose of this study was to assess the level of anxiety and uncertainty in Korean mothers of children with febrile convulsion and to indentify factors associated with maternal anxiety.Background.  In general, febrile convulsions are harmless to the child, but parents perceive the convulsion as frightening. Previous authors of a few studies suggested that providing information was helpful for parents’ knowledge, attitude and fear about a febrile convulsion.Design.  This was a descriptive, cross‐sectional survey.Methods.  The sample comprised 102 mothers whose children had been diagnosed with a febrile convulsion and admitted to paediatric wards in five general hospitals in South Korea. The researchers gave the questionnaires to nursing departments for distribution and collection by paediatric nurses. To test differences in anxiety and uncertainty by participants’ characteristics, t‐tests and anova were conducted. Linear regression was used to identify factors associated with maternal state anxiety. Statistical significance level was set at 0·05.Results.  A multiple linear regression of maternal anxiety showed that four statistically significant predictors explained 56% of the total variations of maternal anxiety. The significant predictors were uncertainty, frequency of febrile convulsion, income and information about febrile convulsion. Among the significant variables, uncertainty was the dominant contributing factor (p < 0·001).Conclusions.  Anxiety in mothers of children with febrile convulsion was especially related to uncertainty, so health care providers can reduce anxiety through decreasing uncertainty.Relevance to clinical practice.  For interventions to decrease maternal anxiety, provision of information and psychosocial support are needed for parents of hospitalised children with febrile convulsions.
Secondary prevention and learning needs post percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI): perspectives of both patients and nurses
Authors: Kilonzo Brid , O’Connell Rhona 
Published: March 2011

Aims and objectives.  To evaluate the learning needs of patients post percutaneous coronary intervention from the perspective of both patients’ and cardiac nurses’.Background.  Increasing numbers of patients with cardiovascular disease are managed using postpercutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. This paper presents findings of a study which explored the cardiac learning needs of these patients.Design.  Descriptive survey from one cardiac unit where approximately 30 post percutaneous coronary intervention were performed per month.Methods.  Self‐report data were provided by patients using an adaptation of the Nursing Information and Support scale for health‐related quality of life informational needs. This scale includes physical, psychosocial, emotional and disease‐specific dimensions. The questionnaire was also provided to cardiac nurses. Statistical tests applied were Spearman’s Correlation and the Mann–Whitney U test.Results.  Patients (n = 33) and nurses (n = 13) completed the questionnaire. Disease‐specific items, physical action, psychosocial and emotional information were the categories that patients found most important. Cardiac nurses perceived physical action as least important and focused more on psychosocial and emotional issues. Individual items revealed the patients particularly valued their interaction with the nurses.Conclusions.  Patients appear to be more concerned with their immediate state and disease rather than their psychosocial or emotional state. Mean rankings within scales demonstrate the value patients place on the nurse–patient relationship and the time needed for this.Relevance to clinical practice.  Findings may be helpful to nurses who wish to addresses secondary prevention issues with patients’ post percutaneous coronary intervention who experience short hospital stays.
Social impairments in Rett syndrome: characteristics and relationship with clinical severity
Authors: Kaufmann W. E. , Tierney E. , Rohde C. A. , Suarez‐Pedraza M. C. , Clarke M. A. , Salorio C. F. , Bibat G. , Bukelis I. , Naram D. , Lanham D. C. , Naidu S. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackground  While behavioural abnormalities are fundamental features of Rett syndrome (RTT), few studies have examined the RTT behavioural phenotype. Most of these reports have focused on autistic features, linked to the early regressive phase of the disorder, and few studies have applied standardised behavioural measures. We used a battery of standardised measures of behaviour and functioning to test the following hypotheses: (1) autistic behaviour is prominent throughout childhood in RTT; (2) autistic features are more salient in individuals with milder presentation; (3) severity of autistic behaviour is associated with a wider range of behavioural problems; and (4) specific MECP2 mutations are linked to more severe autistic behaviour.Methods  Eighty MECP2 mutation‐positive girls with RTT (aged 1.6–14.9 years) were administered: (1) the Screen for Social Interaction (SSI), a measure of autistic behaviour suited for individuals with severe communication and motor impairment; (2) the Rett Syndrome Behaviour Questionnaire (RSBQ), covering a wide range of abnormal behaviours in RTT; (3) the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS); and (4) a modified version of the Rett Syndrome Severity Scale (RSSS). Regression analyses examined the predictive value of age and RSSS on autistic behaviour and other behavioural abnormalities. T‐tests further characterised the behavioural phenotype of individual MECP2 mutations.Results  While age had no significant effect on SSI or RSBQ total scores in RTT, VABS Socialization and Composite scores decreased over time. Clinical severity (i.e. RSSS) also increased with age. Surprisingly, SSI performance was not related to either RSSS or VABS Composite scores. Autistic behaviour was weakly linked with the RSBQ Hand behaviour factor scores, but not with the RSBQ Fear/Anxiety factor. Clinical (neurological) severity did not predict RSBQ scores, as evidenced by the analysis of individual MECP2 mutations (e.g. p.R106W, p.R270X and p.R294X).Conclusions  Our data suggest that in RTT, autistic behaviour persists after the period of regression. It also demonstrated that neurological and behavioural impairments, including autistic features, are relatively independent of one another. Consistent with previous reports of the RTT phenotype, individual MECP2 mutations demonstrate complex associations with autistic features. Evidence of persistent autistic behaviour throughout childhood, and of a link between hand function and social skills, has important implications not only for research on the RTT behavioural phenotype, but also for the clinical management of the disorder.
In vivo activity of CRISPR‐mediated virus defence in a hyperthermophilic archaeon
Authors: Manica Andrea , Zebec Ziga , Teichmann Daniela , Schleper Christa 
Published: March 2011

SummaryClustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas systems are found widespread in bacterial and archaeal genomes and exhibit considerable diversity. However, closer insights into the action of most of the CRISPR modules have remained elusive in particular in Archaea as a result of the lack of suitable in vivo test systems. Here we demonstrate CRISPR/Cas‐based immune defence in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus. Recombinant variants of the SSV1 virus containing a gene of the conjugative plasmid pNOB8 that represents a target for a corresponding CRISPR spacer in the chromosome were tested in transfection experiments. Almost 100% immunity against the recombinant virus was observed when the chromosomal CRISPR spacer matched perfectly to the protospacer. Different from bacterial systems immunity was still detected, albeit at decreased levels, when mutations distinguished target and spacer. CRISPR/Cas targeting was independent of the transcription of the target gene. Furthermore, a mini‐CRISPR locus introduced on the viral DNA with spacers targeting the (non‐essential) chromosomal beta‐galactosidase gene was unstable in host cells and triggered recombination with the indigenous CRISPR locus. Our experiments demonstrate in vivo activity of CRISPR/Cas in archaea for the first time and suggest that – unlike the recently demonstrated in vitro cleavage of RNA in Pyrococcus– DNA is targeted in this archaeon.