bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Playing Legislative Catch-up in 2010 with a Growing, High-Tech Phenomenon: Evolving Statutory Approaches for Addressing Teen Sexting
Authors: Calvert Clay , Murrhee Kara Carnley , Steve Jackie Marie 
Published: April 2012

This article analyzes and critiques legislation adopted by states in 2010 to address the burgeoning phenomenon of teen sexting. Sixteen different states in 2010, stretching from California to New York, considered bills or resolutions designed to address, in one manner or another, teen sexting. By early November 2010, sexting bills had been signed into law by the governors of Arizona, Connecticut, Illinois and Louisiana. To illustrate the differences, as well as the strengths and weaknesses among the new sexting laws, the article applies each of them to the facts of realistic sexting scenario. Significantly, this analysis of the laws through the lens of hypothetical fact pattern reveals that the low-tech, downstream transmission of hard copies of sexual images of minors – images that were initially transmitted by cell phones by minors – appears to escape the reach of all of the 2010 sexting laws. The article argues that this gap or loophole in the new laws should be addressed by amending them. Ultimately, the article demonstrates a distinct lack of uniformity across the sexting statutes adopted in 2010. For instance, even when it comes to what would appear to be the most objective element of the offense of sexting – the maximum age of the possible perpetrator – there is disagreement. Such disparity creates an uneven patchwork of legislation that fails to give minors proper notice of what sexting activities are permissible.
Surgical Hip Dislocation for Anatomic Reorientation of Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis: Preliminary Results
Authors: Massè Alessandro , Aprato Alessandro , Grappiolo Guido , Turchetto Luigino , Campacci Antonio , Ganz Reinhold 
Published: April 2012

Controversies exist regarding the best treatment for slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE). Subcapital anatomical reorientation of the epiphysis by surgical dislocation and a retinacular soft tissue flap has been described recently as an effective approach. We evaluated the clinical and radiographic efficacy of this technique and compared these to published results. A series of 20 SCFE (18 stable, 2 unstable) treated by subcapital re-orientation through surgical hip dislocation and an extended retinacular soft tissue flap was reviewed retrospectively. Preoperatively and at most recent follow-up, patients were clinically examined with regard to pain and function according to the Harris hip score and to the Western Ontario and McMaster universities (WOMAC) score. Radiological examination included measurement of preoperative and postoperative anteroposterior (AP) and lateral (L) Southwick angles; and at follow-up the alpha angle was measured. The average follow-up time was 24 months. The mean WOMAC score was 2.80 post-operatively. The mean pre-operative slip angle was 40.2 degrees on the AP view and 50.65 degrees on the lateral view. Post-operatively, the mean values were 7,20 degrees on the AP view and 9,45 degrees on the lateral view. The mean post-operative average alpha angle was 43,11 degrees. No cases of avascular necrosis were seen. Our short term clinical and radiographic results are similar to outcomes published in the recent literature. The small number of technical complications appears favourable considering the surgical complexity of the procedure, and our technique offers clear advantages in treating these complex deformities.
Accuracy of endorectal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Dynamic Contrast Enhanced-MRI (DCE-MRI) in the preoperative local staging of prostate cancer
Authors: Baccos Alessandro , Schiavina Riccardo , Zukerman Ziv , Busato Fiorenza , Gaudianol Caterina , Salizzoni Eugenio , Fiorentino Michelangelo , Golfieri Rita , Martorana Giuseppe 
Published: April 2012

Background The proper management of newly diagnosed prostate cancer (PCa) requires the choice of the appropriate treatment plan. A crucial factor is the accurate evaluation of the tumor local extension. The Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) plays an important role in the local staging of prostate cancer, although its use in clinical practice is widely debated. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of T2-weighted MR imaging in association with DCE-MRI, performed using an endorectal coil, in preoperative local staging of patients with prostate cancer, by using the histopathologic findings as the reference standard. Materials and Methods From April 2010 to May 2011, 65 patients (mean age, 65 years; range, 51–77 years) with clinical localized PCa, underwent radical prostatectomy at our institution, performed by 2 experienced surgeons. All patients were prospectively evaluated with eMRI in association with DCE-MRI prior to radical prostatectomy. In all patients MRI was performed at least 6 weeks after biopsy and within 2 weeks before Radical Prostatectomy (RP). Histologic analysis was our diagnostic “gold standard”. To ensure that the histopathological findings matched with MR images, the assessment of radiological images and the RP specimens were performed dividing the prostate in 14 regions. Results First, we performed a “per-patient” analysis, considering the entire prostate as a single region. Then, we performed a “per-emigland” analysis, finally a “per-region” analysis. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and AUC in predicting ECE in the analysis “per-emigland” were respectively 66.7, 95.7, 66.7, 95.7, 0.824. The evaluation of SVI reported similar results: 62.5, 97.5, 62.5, 97.5, 0.797. DCE-MRI did not improve the diagnostic accuracy of T1-T2-weighted MR images in the evaluation of ECE or SVI. Conclusions T1-, T2-weighted MRI adds important information regarding the preoperative local staging of PCa. DCE-MRI does not improve the diagnostic accuracy of MRI in the local staging of PCa.
Trans-Scrotal Penile Degloving, a New Procedure for Corporoplasties
Authors: Austoni Edoardo , Altieri Vincenzo Maria , Tenaglia Raffaele 
Published: April 2012

Introduction The subcoronal approach is the most widely used skin degloving procedure for corporoplasty. Although it is relatively easy and it fully exposes the corpora cavernosa, it is not free from several complications (subcoronal lymphedema, decrease of glans sensitivity, paraphimosis, distal skin necrosis), which sometimes require a postoperative circumcision, or a preoperative prophylactic circumcision. Aim To describe our own degloving approach, the “Trans-scrotal Penile Degloving (TPD)”, that is suitable for most corporoplasties, and to present the outcomes. Methods This is a retrospective analysis conducted on 89 patients (pts) presenting with different penile diseases, and submitted to the TPD during Corporoplasty, from February 2008 to July 2010: Congenital curvature (26 pts); Peyronie's Disease (PD) with penile curvature (18 pts); PD with erectile dysfunction and curvature (25 pts); Redo surgery with complex tunica albuginea remodeling and prosthesis implant (20 pts). The TPD approach calls for a 5 cm incision to be placed ventrally on the scrotal raphe at the penile base: penile degloving is then easily carried out up to the coronal line. Subsequently, the dorsal neurovascular bundle is normally isolated and all types of different corporoplasties can be carried out. Results Any complication occurring during or after surgery has been registered. Patient follow-up controls were performed on day 7, month 1 and month 3 post-surgery: – No pre- or post-operative circumcision procedures were required; – There was no evidence of post-operative preputial edema or penile skin necrosis or loss of glans sensitivity; – In 6 patients, we noted a mild scrotal sub-dartos hematoma, which reabsorbed spontaneously. Conclusions TPD, which represents an evolution of our previous combined subcoronal-trans-scrotal approach, may be advantageously performed in most corporoplasties with optimal aesthetic and functional outcomes, and may replace in many cases the subcoronal approach without its associated complications.
Education Majors Enrolled in Music, Art, and Physical Education Methods Classes: A Predictor Model for Final Course Grades
Authors: Hedden Debra Gordon 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This study investigated the predictability of final course grades for college education majors (N = 68) who were enrolled in a methods course in art (n = 16), music (n = 20), or physical education (n = 32) to fulfill a requirement for degree completion and teacher licensure and who could elect to fulfill the requirement with one course. A survey was developed to gather information on college students’ experiences in art, music, and physical education courses in high school as well as in their college curriculum. The study was conducted to determine if an omnibus predictor variable comprised of high school grade-point average (GPA), college GPA, and a combination of high school experiences noted as an "experience score" enabled accurate prediction of final grades in college methods courses. Regression analysis demonstrated the predictor model was significant, but accounted for only a moderate amount of variability; no single factor, however, was predictive. The findings of this study generated ideas for further research related to prediction of course grade outcomes.
The Musical Self-Efficacy Beliefs of Middle School Band Students: An Investigation of Sources, Meanings, and Relationships with Attributions for Success and Failure
Authors: Martin Lisa 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This study investigated the musical self-efficacy of middle school band students. A volunteer sample of 45 students from 14 suburban schools completed a 60-item questionnaire measuring students’ self-efficacy beliefs, as well as their attributions for success and failure in music. Background information, including practice habits and family participation in music, was also collected. Measures included the Schmidt Self-Efficacy Scale (2007), a researcher-adaptation of Hendricks’s Self-Efficacy Scale (2009), and the Asmus Motivating Factors (AMF) scale. Students reported generally high musical self-efficacy levels and cited ability as the strongest attributional factor in music success. Many significant relationships were detected among the self-efficacy measures and the AMF subscales (p &lt; .01). A maximum variation subsample was selected for interviews designed to investigate experiences contributing to feelings of self-efficacy. Interview questions reflected Bandura’s (1994) four primary sources of influence upon perceived self-efficacy: mastery or failure experiences, social models, social persuasion, and somatic experience. Responses were transcribed and coded according to a researcher-developed coding scheme. Results revealed that mastery and failure experiences were cited nearly 1 1/2 times more by students with low musical self-efficacy than students with high musical self-efficacy. Somatic experiences were cited nearly equally among students regardless of self-efficacy beliefs.
The Short and Long-Term Career Plans of Secondary Music Educators: Characteristics of Stayers, Movers, and Leavers
Authors: Russell Joshua A. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The purposes of this study were to examine career paths and factors that may influence secondary music teacher career plans and identify the characteristics of "Stayers," "Movers," and "Leavers." The researcher sent a questionnaire to 1,000 secondary music educators teaching in the southwest National Association for Music Education division of whom 321 participated (N = 321). Short-term Stayers reported greater satisfaction with their professional environment, students, and psychological issues. Movers reported the greatest dissatisfaction with these issues. Movers taught more minority students as well as more special needs students. Leavers were less likely to have had a mentor and earned a lower college GPA. Long-term Stayers reported positive perceptions of their professional environment, greater satisfaction with students, and psychological issues. Movers reported lower satisfaction with community relationships. Long-term Leavers were older, did not participate in a mentor program, and came from a lower socioeconomic background. Implications are discussed.
Editorial: The Biotechnology Entrepreneurship Boot Camp: From Lectern to Printing Press
Authors: Sammut Stephen M , Boni Arthur A 
Published: April 2012

This issue of the Journal of Commercial Biotechnology focuses on the proceedings of the Seventh Annual Biotechnology Entrepreneurship Boot Camp held in conjunction with the Biotechnology Industry Organization (BIO) annual conference in Washington, DC in June, 2011.The Biotechnology Entrepreneurship Boot Camp was launched for the 2005 BIO Industry Organizationâ€™s Annual Meeting in Philadelphia. The Boot Camp was originally designed as a program for CSOs but is now expanded in scope and design to address a broad range of issues for entrepreneurs more generally. The Boot Camp was created in response to the growing need in the managerial, scientific and academic community to learn about the necessary elements and skills to transform technology and invention into a viable company. The insight and energy required for entrepreneurial success can be developed by anyone motivated to do the following: think strategically, select projects and plan for expeditious and cost-effective management, understand the requirements of all the involved stakeholders, and oversee the essential components of the commercialization process. The Boot Camp travels from year to year to each of the BIO Annual Meeting venues â€“ a veritable â€œmoveable feast.â€ Previously, the Boot Camp was offered at BIOâ€™s annual meetings in Chicago in 2006 and 2010, Boston in 2007, San Diego in 2008, and Atlanta in 2009. The creation of the syllabus, the recruitment of faculty, and the facultyâ€™s extensive preparation suggested that wherever possible there should be core faculty, i.e., a portion of the faculty from the Philadelphia Boot Camp who would volunteer from year to year. This approach has the added benefit of improving the presentations and the material from year to year as the faculty themselves identify what works, as well as how to teach together. Each year, additional faculty members are recruited from the host region. Over the seven years of the boot camp, over 500 entrepreneurs have attended and taken away a broad spectrum of insights from the faculty. The Boot Camp was founded and co-chaired by Professors Arthur Boni of the Tepper School of Carnegie Mellon University, Stephen Sammut of the Wharton School and Burrill & Company, and Jeffrey Libson, Partner, Pepper Hamilton LLPÂ and Lecturer atÂ Wharton School Health Care Management Program. The law firm, PepperHamilton has also served as the Boot Campâ€™s sponsor since its inception.
The Integration of Mental and Behavioral Health Into Disaster Preparedness, Response, and Recovery
Authors: Pfefferbaum Betty , Flynn Brian W. , Schonfeld David , Brown Lisa M. , Jacobs Gerard A. , Dodgen Daniel , Donato Darrin , Kaul Rachel E. , Stone Brook , Norwood Ann E. , Reissman Dori B. , Herrmann Jack , Hobfoll Stevan E. , Jones Russell T. , Ruzek Josef I. , Ursano Robert J. , Taylor Robert J. , Lindley David 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTThe close interplay between mental health and physical health makes it critical to integrate mental and behavioral health considerations into all aspects of public health and medical disaster management. Therefore, the National Biodefense Science Board (NBSB) convened the Disaster Mental Health Subcommittee to assess the progress of the US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) in integrating mental and behavioral health into disaster and emergency preparedness and response activities. One vital opportunity to improve integration is the development of clear and directive national policy to firmly establish the role of mental and behavioral health as part of a unified public health and medical response to disasters. Integration of mental and behavioral health into disaster preparedness, response, and recovery requires it to be incorporated in assessments and services, addressed in education and training, and founded on and advanced through research. Integration must be supported in underlying policies and administration with clear lines of responsibility for formulating and implementing policy and practice.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2012;6:60–66)
The H1N1 Crisis: A Case Study of the Integration of Mental and Behavioral Health in Public Health Crises
Authors: Pfefferbaum Betty , Schonfeld David , Flynn Brian W. , Norwood Ann E. , Dodgen Daniel , Kaul Rachel E. , Donato Darrin , Stone Brook , Brown Lisa M. , Reissman Dori B. , Jacobs Gerard A. , Hobfoll Stevan E. , Jones Russell T. , Herrmann Jack , Ursano Robert J. , Ruzek Josef I. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTIn substantial numbers of affected populations, disasters adversely affect well-being and influence the development of emotional problems and dysfunctional behaviors. Nowhere is the integration of mental and behavioral health into broader public health and medical preparedness and response activities more crucial than in disasters such as the 2009-2010 H1N1 influenza pandemic. The National Biodefense Science Board, recognizing that the mental and behavioral health responses to H1N1 were vital to preserving safety and health for the country, requested that the Disaster Mental Health Subcommittee recommend actions for public health officials to prevent and mitigate adverse behavioral health outcomes during the H1N1 pandemic. The subcommittee's recommendations emphasized vulnerable populations and concentrated on interventions, education and training, and communication and messaging. The subcommittee's H1N1 activities and recommendations provide an approach and template for identifying and addressing future efforts related to newly emerging public health and medical emergencies. The many emotional and behavioral health implications of the crisis and the importance of psychological factors in determining the behavior of members of the public argue for a programmatic integration of behavioral health and science expertise in a comprehensive public health response.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2012;6:67–71)
Core Competencies for Disaster Medicine and Public Health
Authors: Walsh Lauren , Subbarao Italo , Gebbie Kristine , Schor Kenneth W. , Lyznicki Jim , Strauss-Riggs Kandra , Cooper Arthur , B. Hsu Edbert , King Richard V. , Mitas John A. , Hick John , Zukowski Rebecca , A. Altman Brian , Steinbrecher Ruth Anne , James James J. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTEffective preparedness, response, and recovery from disasters require a well-planned, integrated effort with experienced professionals who can apply specialized knowledge and skills in critical situations. While some professionals are trained for this, others may lack the critical knowledge and experience needed to effectively perform under stressful disaster conditions. A set of clear, concise, and precise training standards that may be used to ensure workforce competency in such situations has been developed. The competency set has been defined by a broad and diverse set of leaders in the field and like-minded professionals through a series of Web-based surveys and expert working group meetings. The results may provide a useful starting point for delineating expected competency levels of health professionals in disaster medicine and public health.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2012;6:44–52)
Aroma Chemicals
Authors: Zviely Michael 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Aroma chemicals are an important group of molecules used as ingredients in flavor and fragrance compositions. Aroma chemicals consist of natural, nature‐identical, and artificial molecules. Natural products are obtained directly from the plant or animal sources by physical procedures. Nature‐identical compounds are produced synthetically, but are chemically identical to their natural counterparts. Artificial flavor substances are compounds that have not yet been identified in plant or animal products for human consumption. There are about 3000 different molecules that find use in the production of flavor and fragrances compositions. Synthetic ingredients play a major part as components due to their convenient availability and the relatively lower costs compared to natural molecules from isolation of relatively limited natural sources. The odors of single compounds are very difficult to describe. Complex mixtures are often impossible to describe unless one component has a very characteristic odor or flavor. Terms to describe odors are given. General production routes to these aroma chemicals are described.
These production routes are usually by isolation from natural sources, from petrochemicals, raw materials or by synthesis using cyclic and aromatic precursors. Economic data and analytical methods are included.
Regulatory Agencies, Pharmaceuticals, Food, and Cosmetics
Authors: Yingling Gary L. , Onel Suzan 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration is the primary federal scientific and regulatory U.S. government agency that monitors drug products, biologic, medical devices, food, veterinary and cosmetic products and products that emit radiation. The FDA's role has traditionally been consumer protection, but the mission has been changing because of advances in analytical chemistry and toxicology. It now plays a role in counter‐terrorism capability. The FDA consists of six product centers, one research center, and two offices. For drug products, the FDA has authority to regulate new drugs from early research and clinical testing up to market approval. New drugs must go to a detailed process and this process is discussed. Regulating quality of drugs already on the market involves quality, purity, and safety issues. The FDA also regulates biological products, medical devices that range from tongue depressors to laser surgery equipment, food processors, dietary supplement manufacturers, and warehouses, veterinary drugs, food additives in food and feed, and pet food. Cosmetics are the least regulated and most of the FDA authority involves misbranding and adulteration. The rise in consumer demand for natural cosmetics may eventually lead to FDA guidance.