bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diastolic Heart Failure Versus Diastolic Dysfunction: Difference in Renal Function
Authors: Victor Brett M. , Barron John T. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackgroundDespite the common finding of diastolic dysfunction with a preserved ejection fraction on routine echocardiography in elderly patients, it is unknown why some patients with isolated diastolic dysfunction are asymptomatic whereas others develop diastolic heart failure (ie, signs and symptoms of congestive heart failure).HypothesisWe hypothesized that renal insufficiency is more common in those patients with diastolic heart failure than those with diastolic dysfunction; it is intrinsic renal insufficiency that determines whether diastolic dysfunction becomes symptomatic.MethodsWe reviewed 686 consecutive transthoracic echocardiograms (TTEs). Patient age, race, weight, and cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, and coronary artery disease) were recorded. We used the Framingham Criteria for Congestive Heart Failure to determine the presence of diastolic heart failure by symptoms, exam findings, and radiological studies. Average creatinine clearance (CrCl), calculated by both total body weight and lean body mass, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were calculated for each group.ResultsOf the 686 TTEs reviewed, 18 patients fulfilled the criteria for diastolic heart failure and 118 patients had asymptomatic diastolic dysfunction. There was no difference in age, race, or gender nor was there any difference in the echocardiographic variables of diastolic function or left ventricular hypertrophy between groups. Multiple regression analysis showed only lower CrCl (44 ± 36 mL/min vs 76 ± 42 mL/min, total body weight, P = 0.0015; and 31 ± 24 mL/min vs 51 ± 27 mL/min, lean body mass, P = 0.0012) and eGFR (44 ± 33 mL/min/M2 vs 69 ± 28 mL/min/M2, P = 0.0003) were associated with diastolic heart failure. There was no significant difference in the presence of hypertension, diabetes, and coronary artery disease between groups.ConclusionsThe results of this study support the hypothesis that patients with normal left ventricular ejection fractions but diastolic dysfunction develop congestive heart failure because of underlying renal insufficiency. A larger, prospective study is needed to confirm this hypothesis. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The authors have no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Confidential Testing of Cardiac Examination Competency in Cardiology and Noncardiology Faculty and Trainees: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Vukanovic‐Criley Jasminka M. , Hovanesyan Arsen , Criley Stuart Ross , Ryan Thomas J. , Plotnick Gary , Mankowitz Keith , Conti C. Richard , Criley John Michael 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackground:Many reported studies of medical trainees and physicians have demonstrated major deficiencies in correctly identifying heart sounds and murmurs, but cardiologists had not been tested. We previously confirmed these deficiencies using a 50‐question multimedia cardiac examination (CE) test featuring video vignettes of patients with auscultatory and visible manifestations of cardiovascular pathology (virtual cardiac patients). Previous testing of 62 internal medical faculty yielded scores no better than those of medical students and residents.Hypothesis:In this study, we tested whether cardiologists outperformed other physicians in cardiac examination skills, and whether years in practice correlated with test performance.Methods:To obviate cardiologists' reluctance to be tested, the CE test was installed at 19 US teaching centers for confidential testing. Test scores and demographic data (training level, subspecialty, and years in practice) were uploaded to a secure database.Results:The 520 tests revealed mean scores (out of 100 ± 95% confidence interval) in descending order: 10 cardiology volunteer faculty (86.3 ± 8.0), 57 full‐time cardiologists (82.0 ± 3.3), 4 private‐practice cardiologists (77.0 ± 6.8), and 19 noncardiology faculty (67.3 ± 8.8). Trainees' scores in descending order: 150 cardiology fellows (77.3 ± 2.1), 78 medical students (63.7 ± 3.5), 95 internal medicine residents (62.7 ± 3.2), and 107 family medicine residents (59.2 ± 3.2). Faculty scores were higher in those trained earlier with longer practice experience.Conclusions:Academic and volunteer cardiologists outperformed other medical faculty, as did cardiology fellows. Lower scores were observed in more recently trained faculty. Remote testing yielded scores similar to proctored tests in comparable groups previously studied. No significant improvement was seen after medical school with residency training. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.This study was supported by grants 1R43HL062841‐01A1, 2R44HL062841‐02, and 2R44HL062841‐03 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD. The funding source was not involved in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; and preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript. The authors have no other funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Apoptosis induction through proteasome inhibitory activity of cucurbitacin D in human T‐cell leukemia
Authors: Ding Ning , Yamashita Uki , Matsuoka Hidetada , Sugiura Tsutomu , Tsukada Junichi , Noguchi Junko , Yoshida Yasuhiro 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Human T‐cell leukemia is an aggressive malignancy of T lymphocytes. T‐cell leukemia has a very poor prognosis, even with intensive chemotherapy, indicating the need for development of new drugs to treat the disease. Triterpenoid cucurbitacins have been shown to have antitumor activity, but the mechanism of this activity is not fully understood.METHODS:The effects of cucurbitacin D on the proliferation and apoptotic induction of T‐cell leukemia cells using the Cell viability assay and Annexin V staining were evaluated. To investigate the mechanisms of apoptosis, antiapoptotic protein, NF‐κB, and the proteasome activity of leukemia cells treated with cucurbitacin D were evaluated by Western blotting both in vitro and in vivo.RESULTS:In this study, cucurbitacin D was found to inhibit proliferation and to induce apoptosis of T‐cell leukemia cells. Constitutively activated NF‐κB was inhibited by cucurbitacin D in the nucleus, which resulted in accumulation of NF‐κB in the cytoplasm, leading to down‐regulation of the expression of antiapoptotic proteins Bcl‐xL and Bcl‐2. Furthermore, cucurbitacin D induced the accumulation of inhibitor of NF‐κB (IκB)α by inhibition of proteasome activity. Low doses of cucurbitacin D synergistically potentiated the antiproliferative effects of the histone deacetylase inhibitor VPA. Finally, the proapoptotic and proteasome inhibitory activities of cucurbitacin D also were demonstrated using SCID mice in an in vivo study.CONCLUSIONS:Cucurbitacin D induced apoptosis through suppression of proteasome activity both in vitro and in vivo, making cucurbitacin D a promising candidate for clinical applications in the treatment of T‐cell leukemia. Cancer 2011;. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Prognostic significance of RUNX3 expression in human melanoma
Authors: Zhang Zhizhong , Chen Guangdi , Cheng Yabin , Martinka Magdalena , Li Gang 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:RUNX3 is a tumor suppressor that plays important roles in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis. The authors investigated the role of RUNX3 in melanoma pathogenesis and analyzed the prognostic impact of RUNX3 expression in a large series of melanoma patients.METHODS:Two sets of tissue microarrays were constructed, including 440 cases of melanomas (202 for the training set and 238 for the validation set) and 88 cases of nevi (25 normal nevi and 63 dysplastic nevi). RUNX3 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS:Positive RUNX3 expression was observed in 56%, 54%, 33%, and 24% of the biopsies in normal nevi, dysplastic nevi, primary melanoma, and melanoma metastases, respectively. Significant differences for positive nuclear RUNX3 staining were observed between dysplastic nevi and primary melanomas (P = .002, chi‐square test), between dysplastic nevi and melanoma metastases (P < .001, chi‐square test), and between primary melanoma and melanoma metastases (P = .045, chi‐square test). Loss of RUNX3 expression was correlated with a worse 5‐year survival of melanoma patients in both training and validation sets. Furthermore, loss of RUNX3 expression was also correlated with a poor 5‐year disease‐specific survival in primary melanoma (P = .001) and metastatic melanoma patients (P = .008). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that positive RUNX3 expression is an independent prognostic factor to predict melanoma patient outcome.CONCLUSIONS:Our findings indicate that RUNX3 plays an important role in melanoma pathogenesis and may serve as a promising prognostic marker for melanoma. Cancer 2011;. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Up‐regulation and clinical significance of serine protease kallikrein 6 in colon cancer
Authors: Kim Jong‐Tae , Song Eun Young , Chung Kyung‐Sook , Kang Min Ah , Kim Jae Wha , Kim Sang Jick , Yeom Young Il , Kim Joo Heon , Kim Kyo Hyun , Lee Hee Gu 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Kallikrein‐related peptidase 6 (KLK6) encodes a trypsin‐like serine protease that is up‐regulated in several cancers, although the putative functions of KLK6 in cancer have not been elucidated. In the current study, overexpression of KLK6 was identified in colon cancer, and the possibility that KLK6 may be a suitable candidate as a tumor marker was examined.METHODS:Messenger RNA (mRNA) transcript levels and protein up‐regulation of KLK6 in colon cancer tissues was examined using reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and clinicopathologic analyses. Cell proliferation, invasiveness, and antiapoptotic activity were determined in colon cancer cells that were transfected with small‐interfering RNA (siRNA) of KLK6.RESULTS:KLK6 mRNA was up‐regulated significantly in tumor tissues compared with nontumor regions. KLK6 protein was strongly expressed in adenocarcinomas but was not expressed in normal mucosa or in premalignant dysplastic lesions. Sera from patients with colon cancer revealed an increase in KLK6 secretion (0.25 μg/mL; P = .031) compared with noncancer cells (0.19 μg/mL). Clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical studies of 143 patients with colon cancer revealed a significant correlation between KLK6 expression and Dukes disease stage (P = .005). High KLK6 expression was associated significantly with shorter overall (P = .001) and recurrence‐free survival (P = .001). The rates of proliferation and invasiveness were decreased by 50% in cells that were transfected with KLK6 siRNA. The overexpression of KLK6 led to decreased activity of the E‐cadherin promoter.CONCLUSIONS:KLK6 was up‐regulated significantly in tissues and sera from patients with colon cancer and was associated closely with a poor prognosis, suggesting that KLK6 may be used as a potential biomarker and a therapeutic target for colon cancer. Cancer 2011;. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Spatiotemporal fate map of neurogenin1 (Neurog1) lineages in the mouse central nervous system
Authors: Kim Euiseok J. , Hori Kei , Wyckoff Alex , Dickel Lauren K. , Koundakjian Edmund J. , Goodrich Lisa V. , Johnson Jane E. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractNeurog1 (Ngn1, Neurod3, neurogenin1) is a basic helix‐loop‐helix (bHLH) transcription factor essential for neuronal differentiation and subtype specification during embryogenesis. Due to the transient expression of Neurog1 and extensive migration of neuronal precursors, it has been challenging to understand the full complement of Neurog1 lineage cells throughout the central nervous system (CNS). Here we labeled and followed Neurog1 lineages using inducible Cre‐flox recombination systems with Neurog1‐Cre and Neurog1‐CreERT2 BAC (bacterial artificial chromosome) transgenic mice. Neurog1 lineage cells are restricted to neuronal fates and contribute to diverse but discrete populations in each brain region. In the forebrain, Neurog1 lineages include mitral cells and glutamatergic interneurons in the olfactory bulb, pyramidal and granule neurons in the hippocampus, and pyramidal cells in the cortex. In addition, most of the thalamus, but not the hypothalamus, arises from Neurog1 progenitors. Although Neurog1 lineages are largely restricted to glutamatergic neurons, there are multiple exceptions including Purkinje cells and other GABAergic neurons in the cerebellum. This study provides the first overview of the spatiotemporal fate map of Neurog1 lineages in the CNS. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:1355–1370, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multiple telencephalic and extratelencephalic embryonic domains contribute neurons to the medial extended amygdala
Authors: Bupesh Munisamy , Legaz Isabel , Abellán Antonio , Medina Loreta 
Published: December 2010

AbstractDysfunctions in emotional control and social behavior are behind human neuropsychiatric disorders, some of which are associated with an alteration of amygdalar development. The medial extended amygdala is a key telencephalic center for control of social behavior, but very little is known about its development. We used in vitro migration assays for analyzing the origin of the neurons of the medial extended amygdala in mouse embryos (E13.5–E16.5). We compared the migration assays with immunofluorescence/immunohistochemistry for calbindin and radial glial fibers and with mRNA expression of several genetic markers of distinct forebrain subdivisions. We provide experimental evidence for multiple embryonic origins of the principal neurons of the medial extended amygdala. In particular, we provide novel evidence indicating that a major part of the neurons derives from a caudoventral pallidal subdivision (previously called or included as part of the anterior peduncular area), forming a cell corridor with similar molecular features (expression of Lhx6 and calbindin), connectivity, and function, which relates to reproductive behavior. We also provide novel experimental evidence indicating that the ventral pallium produces some neurons for the medial amygdala, which correlates with data from Lhx9 expression. Our results also confirm that some neurons of the medial extended amygdala originate in the preoptic area (our results indicate that these cells specifically originate in its commissural subdivision) and the supraoptoparaventricular domain of the hypothalamus. Our study helps to set up the foundations for a better understanding of medial amygdalar control of behavior in normal and abnormal conditions. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:1505–1525, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enhancement in Dibenzothiophene Reactive Adsorption from Liquid Fuel via Incorporation of Sulfur Heteroatoms into the Nanoporous Carbon Matrix
Authors: Seredych Mykola , Khine Monmon , Bandosz Teresa J. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAdsorption of dibenzothiophene (DBT) and 4,6‐dimethyldibenzothiophene (DMDBT) from simulated diesel fuel was investigated with polymer‐derived carbon matrices. Sulfur was incorporated to the carbon surface via a high‐temperature hydrogen sulfide reduction of oxygen‐containing groups. The resultant carbons were characterized by nitrogen adsorption, thermal analysis, potentiometric titration, and elemental analysis. The selectivities for DBT and DMDBT adsorption were calculated with reference to naphthalene. The carbon matrices studied had comparable structures, hence, the effects of the sulfur functionalities were evident in an increase in dibenzothiophenes selectivity and the breakthrough capacity; this was especially visible at a breakthrough point where small pores are expected to be active in the adsorption process. Incorporation of sulfur atoms into the aromatic rings of the carbon matrix increases the ability of the surface to attract dibenzothiophenes via dispersive interactions (sulfur–sulfur bridges). Sulfur and sulfur–oxygen groups present in larger pores enhance the amount of adsorbed dibenzothiophenes via specific acid–base and polar interactions. They also contribute to the reactive adsorption of DBT and DMDBT (oxidized) and their chemisorption on the carbon surface.
Reevaluation of quantitative flow cytometric analysis for TLR2 on monocytes using F(ab′)2 fragments of monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Oba Ryutaro , Orihara Koji , Kumagai Tomoaki , Hirai Hiroyuki , Nagata Kinya , Hamasaki Shuichi , Tei Chuwa , Masataka Nakamura 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn patients with refractory infections, reliable markers that monitor the severity and healing process are needed. The expression level of toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR2) on monocytes is such candidate. In the conventional assay system, the whole IgG (wIgG) form of anti‐TLR2 mAb has been used with control IgG, which blocks nonantigen‐specific bindings. However, the competitive reactions against Fcγ receptors (FcγRs) between labeled anti‐TLR2 mAbs and control IgG should be considered. Our goal was to precisely quantify TLR2 expression level on monocytes by flow cytometry (FCM). In this study, we prepared anti‐TLR2 mAbs, D45 (IgG2a), and D29 (IgG1), as well as their fragment antigen‐binding [F(ab′)2] fragments to avoid nonantigen‐specific binding to FcγRs. And then, we determined TLR2 expression levels on monocytes by using these mAbs/fragments and our calibration system using recombinant TLR2 beads. The binding of PE‐labeled D45 wIgG to monocytes was completely blocked with unlabeled D45 wIgG, but not with unlabeled D45 F(ab′)2 fragment. Although the nonantigen‐specific binding of D29 wIgG to nonstimulated monocytes was negligible, it was enhanced in interleukin‐10‐stimulated monocytes. It proved difficult to completely block nonantigen‐specific binding of D45 and D29 wIgGs by treatment with control IgG. It was demonstrated that the use of fluorescent‐labeled antigen‐binding region lacking the fragment crystallizable portion of anti‐TLR2 mAb [such as the PE‐labeled F(ab′)2 fragment] is indispensible for quantification of TLR2 levels on monocytes in flow cytometry. © 2010 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Rapid cell population identification in flow cytometry data
Authors: Aghaeepour Nima , Nikolic Radina , Hoos Holger H. , Brinkman Ryan R. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe have developed flowMeans, a time‐efficient and accurate method for automated identification of cell populations in flow cytometry (FCM) data based on K‐means clustering. Unlike traditional K‐means, flowMeans can identify concave cell populations by modelling a single population with multiple clusters. flowMeans uses a change point detection algorithm to determine the number of sub‐populations, enabling the method to be used in high throughput FCM data analysis pipelines. Our approach compares favorably to manual analysis by human experts and current state‐of‐the‐art automated gating algorithms. flowMeans is freely available as an open source R package through Bioconductor. © 2010 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Phenotypic abnormalities strongly reflect genotype in patients with unexplained cytopenias
Authors: Cutler Jevon A. , Wells Denise A. , van de Loosdrecht Arjan A. , de Baca Monica E. , Kalnoski Michael H. , Zehentner Barbara K. , Eidenschink Lisa , Ghirardelli Keely M. , Biggerstaff Julie Sanford , Loken Michael R. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackground:In patients with unexplained cytopenias, abnormal karyotyping studies can be found with inconclusive light microscopic findings. Multidimensional flow cytometry (FCM) can identify myelomonocytic cells with aberrant phenotypes often not seen by standard morphology.Methods:In 431 patients presenting with unexplained cytopenia(s) FCM results were compared to abnormal karyotyping and FISH results recognized as associated with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) in the 2008 WHO classification, to assess the degree of and types of phenotypic abnormalities observed using a previously reported flow cytometric scoring system (FCSS). Fluorescence activated cell sorting was also used to identify subpopulations of abnormal maturing myelomonocytic cells that carry the genotypic abnormality.Results:For marrows with complex (three or more karyotypic abnormalities), two abnormalities, isolated chromosome seven anomalies, del(5q) or del(13q), 100% of cases were positive when using a FCSS cutoff of ≥2. Trisomy 8, del(20q), and minus Y had flow scores ≥2 in 72, 60, and 18%, respectively, but in some cases the flow score was high, indicating myeloid dysplasia. Most patients (16/22) with high myeloid progenitor cells (MyPC) (>20%) also exhibited maturing myeloid cell abnormalities by FCM. Morphology was negative in the maturing myeloid cells in many cases with phenotypically abnormal myeloid cells.Conclusions:The high correlation between genotypic and phenotypic abnormalities suggests a possible increased utility of flow cytometry in the diagnosis of patients with unexplained cytopenias and may be useful in future clinical studies and in the classification by the WHO, using the FCSS rather than simple counting of flow cytometric abnormalities. © 2010 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Chronic cough: a natural (and parental) disaster
Authors: Moja Lorenzo 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe second in this series of Dr Cochrane clinical vignettes is based upon an overview of Cochrane Reviews that was published in the previous issue of Evidence‐Based Child Health: Russell K, Chang AB, Foisy M, Thomson D and Williams K: The Cochrane Library and the Treatment of Chronic Cough in Children: An Overview of Reviews: Evid.‐Based Child Health 2010, 5: 1196–1205.Dr Cochrane is a unique self‐learning experience—the integration of Cochrane evidence with a quirky fictional story and multiple‐choice questions provides readers with the opportunity to explore and understand the applicability of a Cochrane Review or Overview in a new way.In this series of fictional clinical vignettes, Dr Cochrane travels across time from the past century to the present day, to solve clinical problems using evidence from Cochrane Reviews. Read the associated article and/or listen to the Evidence‐Based Child‐Health podcast available online at www.cochrane.org/podcasts/ and then test your knowledge with six multiple choice questions. You can find the answers to the questions in this issue on page 2007.In the next issue of Evidence‐based Child Health, Dr Cochrane explores the evidence for croup, based upon the Cochrane Overview available in this issue (Bjornson C, Russell K, Foisy M and Johnson DW: The Cochrane Library and the Treatment of Croup in Children: An Overview of Reviews. Evid.‐Based Child Health 2010, 5, 1555–1565). Copyright © 2010 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Summary of ‘Iron supplementation for breath‐holding attacks in children’
Authors: Office Evidence‐Based Child Health Canadian Editorial 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis is a summary of a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Zehetner AA, Orr N, Buckmaster A, Williams K, Wheeler DM. Iron supplementation for breath‐holding attacks in children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2010, Issue 5. Art. No.: CD008132. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD008132.pub2. Copyright © 2010 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration