bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Online Particle Size Measurement in Microgel Particle Suspensions: Principles and Data Analysis
Authors: Hinrichs J. , Weidendorfer K. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIf a gelled system is subjected to shearing or the concentration of reactive components is low, microgel particles are formed. Since labile microgel particles with high water capacities can often be found in food systems, and as they are important for the textural properties, particle size measurement is relevant for fundamental research and control of industrial processes. A chord length measurement system was tested for online particle sizing.
Monitoring the Aggregation of Dansyl Chloride in Acetone through Fluorescence Measurements
Authors: Fang Yu , Yin Yi‐Qing , Hu Dao‐Dao , Gao Gai‐Ling 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe aggregation of dansyl chloride (DNS‐Cl) in acetone has been studied in detail by steady‐state fluorescence techniques. It has been demonstrated that DNS‐Cl is stable in acetone during purification and aggregation study processes. The aggregates are not solvolyzed in acetone, and do not take part in any chemical reactions either. It has been found that DNS‐Cl tends to aggregate even when its concentration is much lower than its solubility in acetone. The aggregation is reversible, and both the aggregation and the deaggregation are very slow processes. Introduction of SDS has a positive effect upon the formation and stabilization of the aggregates.
Synthesis of 4‐Aryl‐3,4‐dihydropyrimidinones Using Microwave‐assisted Solventless Biginelli Reaction
Authors: Xue Song , Shen Yan‐Cai , Li Ya‐Li , Shen Xiao‐Ming , Guo Qing‐Xiang 
Published: September 2010

Abstract4‐Aryl‐3, 4‐dihydropyrimidinones were synthesized using microwave‐assisted, solvent‐free protocol of the Biginelli reaction. The simple method provides the title compounds in 78%‐95% yields by the reaction of aromatic aldehydes with ethyl acetoacetate and urea/thiourea in the presence of a catalytic amount of conc. HCl. Lewis acids, such as ZnCl2, SnCl2, FeCl3·6H2O, and CuCl2·2H2O, were also found to be efficient catalysts for the synthesis of dihydropyrimidinones.
[Na(DB18‐C‐6) (H2O)2] [Na(DB18‐C‐6) (SCN)2]: Two‐Dimensional Network Complex Assembled by τ‐τ Stacking Interactions, Hydrogen Bonds and Electrostatic Interactions
Authors: Zhu De‐Zhong , Song Xing‐Min , Dou Jian‐Min , Liu Ying , Wang Da‐Qi 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA novel two‐dimensional network dibenzo‐18‐crown‐6 (DB18‐C6) complex: [Na (DB18‐C‐6) (H2O)2] [Na (DB18‐C‐6) (SCN)2] has been isolated and characterized by elemental, IR and X‐ray diffraction analysis. The crystal structure belongs to monoclinic, space group P21/c with cell dimensions a = 1.06178(7), b = 1.40243(8), c = 3.03496(19) nm, β = 90.4220(10)°, V = 4.5292(5) nm3, Z=4, Dcalcd =1.351 g/ cm3, F(000) = 1936, R1 = 0.0369, wR2 = 0.0821. The most interesting feature in this structure is that complex cation and complex anion form a two‐dimensional network via τ‐τ stacking interactions, hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions.
Transport of Ca2+ Ion through a Bubbling Pseudo‐emulsion Liquid Membrane with Calixarenes and Calixcrowns as Carriers
Authors: Wang Li , Zheng Qi‐Yu , Cao Yan‐Yan , Liu Yu , Jiang Zhong‐Liang , Shi Xian‐Fa 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSeveral new calixcrowns were synthesized and characterized. The transport of Ca2+ ion was investigated through a bubbling pseudo‐emulsion liquid membrane with these calixcrowns, the parent calix[n]arenes (n = 4, 6, 8) and the ester, acid derivatives of calix[4]arene as mobile carriers. The effects of the initial concentrations of Ca2+ ion in the source phase and the initial pH difference (ΔpH) between the receiving phase and the source phase were studied. The results suggest that there are two different transport mechanisms. The transports using calixarenes and their ester, acid derivatives as carriers represent a proton‐coupled co‐transport with a flow of protons in the opposite direction, while the transports using the calixcrowns as carriers exhibit the characteristics of an anion‐coupled co‐transport with a flow of anion in the same direction.
Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of a One‐Dimensional Copper (I) Halide Cluster with 1,10‐Phenanthroline
Authors: Yu Jie‐Hui , Shi Zhan , Xu Ji‐Qing , Cui Xiao‐Bing , Ding Hong , Jing Wei‐Jie , Chu De‐Qing , Hua Jia , Xu Jia‐Ning , Wang Tie‐Gang 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe title compound Cu2Cl2phen (phen = 1,10‐phenanthroline, C12H8N2) 1 was synthesized from CuCl2·2H2O, CuCl and phen by hydrothermal method and its structure was determined by single crystal X‐ray analysis. With phen, CuG forms one‐dimensional chains, which comprise two zigzag chains based on fused Cu‐X units and connected via covalent bonds. The compound contains two crystallographically unique monovalent copper ions, Cu(1) and Cu(2). The Cu(1) atom in the tetrahedral site, is coordinated to two bridging Cl− and two N atoms in phen. The Cu(2) atom with a slightly distorted triangular planar geometry, is coordinated to three Cl−. The compound 1 was crystallized in monoclinic, space group P21/n with a = 0.37338(4), b = 1.9510(2), c = 1.68008(19) nm, β = 95.605 (3)°, R = 0.0458, and was characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectrum and TGA analysis.
Electrochemical Polymerization of Brilliant Cresyl Blue and Properties of the Polymer
Authors: Yang Yi‐Fei , Mu Shao‐Lin 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe electrochemical polymerization of brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) has been carried out using cyclic voltammetry in the potential region between −0.20 V and 1.15 V (vs. Ag/AgCl with saturated KCl solution). The electrolytic solution consisted of BCB (0.1 mol/L) and Na2HPO4(0.2 mol/L) with pH 2.1. BCB can not be polymerized at pH < 1. There are an anodic peak and a cathodic peak on the cyclic voltammogram of poly (BCB) at pH ≤ 4.3. Both peak potentials shift towards more negative with increasing pH value, and their peak currents decrease with increasing pH value. Poly (BCB) depicts a good electrochemical reversibility, fast charge transfer ability and stability in aqueous solutions with pH ≤ 4.3. The visible spectrum, FTIR spectrum and Raman spectrum of poly (BCB) are different from those of BCB.
Underpotential Deposition Study and Determination of Bismuth on Gold Electrode by Using Voltammetry
Authors: Du Yong‐Ling , Wang Chun‐Ming 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe cyclic voltammetry (CV) and the semidifferential anodic stripping voltammetry (SdASV) were used for investigation of bismuth(III) underpotential deposition (UPD) on gold electrode. Based on the excellent electrochemical properties of Au/ Bi UPD system, a new method for determining bismuth (III) was established. A solution of 0.1 mol/L HNO3 was selected as the supporting electrolyte. Factors affecting the Bi(III) UPD and stripping steps were investigated and an optimized analytical procedure was developed. The calibration plots for Bi(III) concentration in the range 1.25 × 10−8‐1.0 × 10−7 mol/L were obtained. The detection limit, calculated as three times the standard deviation of the analytical signal of 8.3 × 10−8 mol/L for a 90 s electrodeposition at 0.00 V (while the solution magnetically stirred at a speed of 300 rpm), was 7.5 × 10−9 mol/ L. For 8 successive determinations of 1.25 × 10−7 mol/L Bi(III), the obtained RSD (relative standard deviation) was 0.4%. The developed method was applied to bismuth determining in medicine and urine samples. The analytical results were compared with that of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) method.
Synthesis and Molecular Structure of Binuclear Tin (IV) Complex Bridged by Terephthalate Anion
Authors: Yin Han‐Dong , Wang Chuan‐Hua , Ma Chun‐Lin , Wang Yong 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe title complex [Ph3Sn(CH3OH) (terephthalate) (CH3OH) SnPh3]·2CH3OH was synthesized by the reaction of Ph3SnCl with terephthalate in the molar ratio of 2:1 in methanol solution and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and 1H NMR spectra, and the crystal structure was determined by X‐ray single crystal diffraction study. The crystal belongs to monoclinic with space group P21/n, a = 1.5199(5) nm, b = 0.9000(3) nm, c = 1.8206(6) nm, β= 113.970(5)°, Z = 2, V = 2.2755 (13) nm3, Dc= 1.413 g/cm3, μ = 1.146 mm−1, F(000) = 980, R =0.0353, wR = 0.0606. In the crystals of complex, the tin atoms rendered five‐coordinate in a distorted trigonal bipyramidal structure.
Syntheses of Some 3‐[1′ (1′ H)‐Substituent‐pyrazol‐5′‐yl] benzo [5,6]coumarins
Authors: El‐Deen Ibrahim Mohey , Al‐Wakeel El‐Sayed Ismail , El‐Mawla Ahmed Gad 
Published: September 2010

Abstract3‐[1′ (1′ H)‐Substituent‐pyrazol‐5′‐yl] benzo [5,6] coumarins and 3‐(1′,2′‐oxazol‐5′‐yl)benzo[5,6]coumarin were prepared via condensation of 3‐(2′‐formyl‐1′‐chlorovinyl) benzo [5,6] coumarin with hydrazine derivatives or hydroxylamine. Reaction of 3‐[1′(1′ H)‐pyrazol‐5′‐yl] benzo [5,6] coumarin with alkyl halides, olefinic compounds or acid chlorides are described.
Ethylene Oligomerization Catalyzed by Nickel(II) Diimine Complexes
Authors: Qian Ming‐Xing , Wang Mei , Zhang Yu‐Liang , He Ren 
Published: September 2010

AbstractEthylene oligomerization has been investigated by using catalyst systems composed of nickel(II) diimine complexes (diimine = N, N′‐o‐phenylene bis (salicylideneaminato), N, N′‐o‐phenylenebisbenzal, N, N′‐ethylenebisbenzal) and ethylaluminoxane (EAO). The main products in toluene and at 110–200 °C were olefins with low carbon numbers (C4—C10). Effects of reaction temperature, Al/Ni molar ratio and reaction period on both the catalytic activity and product distribution were explored. The activity of 1.84 × 105 g of oligomer/(molNI · h), with 87.4% of selectivity to C4—C10 olefins, was attained at 200 °C in the reaction when a catalyst composed of NiCl2 (PhCH = o‐NC6H4N = CHPh) and EAO was used.
Novel Secondary Structure of Calcitonin in Solid State as Revealed by Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy
Authors: Du Hai‐Ning , Ding Jin‐Guo , Cui Da‐Fu , Hu Hong‐Yu 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe solid‐state circular dichroic study reveals that salmon calcitonin presents a typical α‐helical structure while human calcitonin appears to form a β‐sheet in solid state, although both of them adopt random coil structures in aqueous solution.
Radial Basis Function Neural Networks Based QSPR for the Prediction of log P
Authors: Yao Xiao‐Jun , Liu Man‐Cang , Zhang Xiao‐Yun , Zhang Rui‐Sheng , Hu Zhi‐De , Fan Bo‐Tao 
Published: September 2010

AbstractQuantitative structure‐property relationship (QSPR) method is used to study the correlation models between the structures of a set of diverse organic compounds and their log P. Molecular descriptors calculated from structure alone are used to describe the molecular structures. A subset of the calculated descriptors, selected using forward stepwise regression, is used in the QSPR models development. Multiple linear regression (MLR) and radial basis function neural networks (RBFNNs) are utilized to construct the linear and non‐linear correlation model, respectively. The optimal QSPR model developed is based on a 7‐17‐1 RBFNNs architecture using seven calculated molecular descriptors. The root mean square errors in predictions for the training, predicting and overall data sets are 0.284, 0.327 and 0.291 log P units, respectively.
Chaos Synchronization in the Belousov‐Zhabotinsky Chemical Reaction by Adaptive Control Scheme
Authors: Li Yan‐Ni , Chen Lan , Cai Zun‐Sheng , Zhao Xue‐Zhuang 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe adaptive synchronization scheme proposed by John and Amritkar was employed into the Belousov‐Zhabotinsky (BZ) 4‐variable‐Montanator model system. By the parameter adjustment, chaos synchronization has been obtained. Through calculating the transient time, the optimal combination of the stiffness constant and damping constant was obtained. Furthermore, the relationships among the transient time, conditional Lyapunov exponents, the stiffness constant and damping constant were discussed. Also, the BZ system with the adaptive synchronization scheme might be used for the communication purposes.
Structures and Stability of HNS2 Isomers
Authors: Chi Yu‐Juan , Yu Hai‐Tao , Fu Hong‐Gang , Huang Xu‐Ri , Li Ze‐Sheng , Sun Jia‐Zhong 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPotential energy surface of HNS2 is investigated by means of second‐order Moller‐Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) and QCISD(T) (single‐point) methods. At final QCISD (T)/6‐311++G(3df, 2p)//MP2/6‐311++G(d, p) level with zero‐point vibrational energies included, cis‐HNSS is found to be global minimum on the potential energy surface, followed by low‐lying trans‐HNSS, HN(S)S(C2v), cis‐HSNS, cis‐HSSN, trans‐HSNS, trans‐HSSN, and HN(S)S(C3) by 13.46, 66.92, 78.25, 80.38, 81.22, 81.38 and 86.40 kJ/mol, respectively. A new high‐lying HS(N)S isomer with Cs symmetry is located on the potential energy surface. The kinetic stabilities of all isomers are predicted. Comparisons are made for HNS2 with its analogues, HNO2, HPS2 and HPO2. The causes that lead to the differences between HNS2 and its analogues are hypervalent capacity of phosphorus and distinct electronegativities of hydrogen, nitrogen and phosphorus.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a One‐Dimensional Coordination Polymer Containing Unusual Na2Cu2 Tetrametallacyclic Units
Authors: Gao En‐Qirjg , Sun Hai‐Ying , Liao Dai‐Zheng , Jiang Zong‐Hui , Shi‐Ping Yan 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA unique coordination polymer, {[CuLNa(ClO4)]·H2O}n (1), was isolated from the solution containing sodium perchlorate and the neutral macrocyclic oxamidocopper(II) complex [CuL] (H2L = 2,3‐dioxo‐5,6:13, 14‐dibenzo‐7, 12‐bis(ethoxycarbonyl)‐1, 4, 8, 11‐tetraazacyclotetradeca‐7, 11‐diene). The complex is composed of [Na2Cu2] tetrametallacycles bridged by perchlorate ions to form infinite one‐dimensional chains which are stacked via τ‐τ interactions and weak coordination bonds to result in a two‐dimensional supramolecular network. The perclorate ions were found to coordinate to sodium atoms in the unusual bridging chelating tridentate mode of μ2‐(O:O′,O″).
Fragmentation Mechanism of Trans‐α‐Aryl‐β‐enamino Esters
Authors: Jiang Nan , Wang Jian‐Bo , He Md‐Yu 
Published: September 2010

AbstractElectron impact‐induced fragmentation mechanisms of trans‐α‐aryl‐β‐enamino esters were investigated using mass‐analyzed ion kinetic energy (MIKE) spectrometry and high resolution accurate mass data. It was found that the main characteristic fragmentations of compounds studied were: an odd electron ion M+ ‐ EtOH was formed by losing a neutral molecule of ethanol; and the skeletal rearrangements took place; and the ring opening reaction happened after losing a carbon monoxide; and the typical McLafferty rearrangement underwent in ester group. The cyclization reaction caused by losing neutral molecule of TsNH2 due to the ortho‐effects of substituted group of aromatic ring was also observed.
Hydrothermal Syntheses, Supramolecular Structures and the Third‐order Non‐linear Optical Properties of Three Copper (I) Halide Amine Complexes Connected via Secondary Bonding Interactions
Authors: Yu Jie‐Hui , Xu Ji‐Qing , Han Li , Wang Tie‐Gang , Shi Zhan , Jing Wei‐Jie , Ding Hong , Xu Jia‐Ning , Jia Hong‐Bin , Hua Jia 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe hydrothermal reactions of Cul, KI and bidentate amines [1, 10‐phenanthroline (phen) or ethylenediamine (en)] gave the three copper (I) halide compounds, Cu3I3 (phen)2 (1), CuI (phen)2 (2) and [Cu (en)2] [CuI2]2 (3), which were structurally characterized via single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies. Hydrogen bonds and τ‐τ interactions are the most remarkable structural features of the title compounds. All can be described as higher‐dimensional supramolecular compounds connected via these secondary bondings. Moreover, the title compounds were characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectra and TGA analyses. The third‐order non‐linear optical properties of the title compounds were also investigated and all exhibit nicer non‐linear absorption and self‐focusing performance.
Synthesis, Characterization and Crystal Structure of Chlorodibenzyltin (IV) Complex with Dithiomorpholinocarbamate Ligand
Authors: Yin Han‐Dong , Wang Chuan‐Hua , Ma Chun‐Lin , Wang Yong 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChlorodibenzyltin (IV) complex with dithiomorpholinocarbamate ligand was synthesized by the reaction of dibenzyltin dichloride with dithiomorpholinocarbamate in 1:1 stoichiometry. The complex was characterized by elementary analysis, UV, BR and 1H NMR spectra. The crystal structure was determined by X‐ray single crystal diffraction study. The crystallographic data are as follows: triclinic, space group P1, a = 0.8723 (2) ran, b = 1.099 (2) nm, c = 1.1036 (3) nm, α = 86.498 (4)°, β = 89.697 (5)°, γ = 82.807 (5)°, Z = 2, V = 1.0479 (4) nm3, Dc= 1.580 g/cm−3, μ = 1.553 mm−1, F (000) = 500, R1 = 0.0442, wR2 = 0.0974. The crystal consists of discrete molecules containing five‐coordinate tin atoms in a distorted tigonal bipyramidal configuration. The molecules are packed in the unit cell in one‐dimensional chain structure through a weak interaction between the chlorine atom and sulfur atom, the sulfur atom and one of the sulfurs of an adjacent molecule.
Samarium‐promoted Chemoselective Reduction of Aromatic Nitro Compounds in Ionic Liquid
Authors: Zheng Xing‐Liaiig , Zhang Yong‐Min 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe differently substituted aromatic nitro compounds were chemoselectively reduced by Sm/HOAc system in an ionic liquid medium to afford aromatic amines. Under these conditions the other substituents, such as ‐X, ‐CHO, ‐COOH, ‐CN, ‐NHTos and ‐alkyl, remained intact. The notable advantages of this reaction are its mild conditions, simple operation, short reaction time, high yields and easy recycling of ionic liquid.
Synthesis of (p‐Substituted phenyl)azo Calix[4]arenes
Authors: Jin Chuan‐Ming , Lu Guo‐Yuan , Liu Yun , You Xiao‐Zeng , Wang Zhong‐Hua , Wu Hou‐Ming 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA novel method for the preparation of chromogenic calixarenes with azo groups was reported. p‐Substituted (‐ NO2, ‐ CH3, ‐ Cl) anilines were diazotized with isoamyl nitrite in EtONa/EtOH under refluxing condition. Fifteen mono‐, bis‐, tris‐ and tetrakis(p‐substituted phenyl)azo calix[4]arenes (including proximal and distal isomers) were obtained respectively by diazo‐coupling in different molar ratio to calix[4]arenes (1) under pH = 7.5–9.0 in non‐aqueous solution at 0‐5 °C. 1H NMR anduC NMR spectra of (α‐substituted phenyl)azo calix[4]‐arenes Indicated that they existed in cone conformation in solution.
Monitoring the Hydrolysis of p‐Nitrophenyl Acetate Catalyzed by Seryl‐histidine with Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Chen Jing , Zhang Yun , Cao Xiao‐Yu , Wang Jin , Chen Yi , Zhao Yu‐Fen 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe hydrolysis of p‐nitrophenyl acetate (p‐NPA) catalyzed by seryl‐histidine or histidine has been monitored by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in the presence of the internal calibration, 8‐anilino‐1‐naphthalenesulfonic acid ammonium salt (ANS). The half‐life of p‐NPA in the presence of 10 mmol·L−1 seryl‐histidine or histidine at 25 °C was 370 min and 70 min respectively. With the occurrence of acetyl seryl‐histidine and acetyl histidine in the reaction, and the fact that p‐NPA was stable in the presence of 10 mmol·L−1 serine, an imidazolysis mechanism has been proposed, which is in accordance with the reported work.
Synthesis of 2‐ and 5‐(1, 1‐Dimethyl‐1,2,5,6‐tetrahydropyridinium‐3‐yl) oxadiazoline Iodides
Authors: Hu Guo‐Qiang , Huang Wen‐Long , Zhang Hui‐Bin , Huang Sheng‐Tang , Wang Hai 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA series of 2‐ and 5‐(1,1‐dimethyl‐1, 2, 5, 6‐tetrahydropyridinium‐3‐yl) oxadiazoline iodides, which might be used as M, muscarinic receptor agonists, was synthesized from nicotinaldehyde and nicotinhydrazine, respectively. Their structures were characterized by 1H NMR, ER, MS spectra and elemental analysis.
Facile and Effective Synthesis of Glucopyranosyl Oligosacchardes with Alternative (1 →3)‐α‐ and ‐β‐Linkages in the Presence of C‐2 Ester Capable of Neighboring Group Participation
Authors: Zeng Ytag , Mng Jun , Kong Fan‐Zuo 
Published: September 2010

AbstractCoupling of acetylated α‐(1 → 3)‐linked glucobiosyl trichloroacetimidate with acetylated α‐(1→3)‐linked glucobioside acceptor gave a β‐linked tetrasaccharide, while coupling of acetylated β‐(1→3)‐linked glucobiosyl trichloroacetimidate with acetylated β‐(1→3)‐linked glucobioside acceptor gave an α‐linked tetrasaccharide in spite of the C‐2 neighboring group participation. Two hexasaccharides with alternative (1→3)‐α‐and ‐β‐linkges were synthesized by these reactions via remote control exerted by the glycosylation bond in either donor or acceptor.
Bis(4,4′‐dimethyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine) ruthenium (II) Complexes Containing 2‐Arylimidazo‐ [4,5‐f] [1,10] phenanthroline: Syntheses, Characterization and Third‐order Nonlinear Optical Properties
Authors: Chao Hui , Li Run‐Hua , Huang Qi‐Wen , Ji Liang‐Nian 
Published: September 2010

AbstractFour novel mononuclear ruthenium(II) complexes [Ru(dmb)2L]2+ [dmb = 4,4′‐dimethyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine, L = imidazo‐[4,5‐f][1,10]phenanthroline (IP), 2‐phenylimidazo‐[4,5‐f][1,10]phenanthroline (PIP), 2‐(4′‐hydroxyphenyl)imidazo‐[4,5‐f] [1,10] phenanthroline (HOP), 2‐(4′‐dimethylaminophenyl) imidazo‐[4, 5‐f] [1,10] phenanthroline (DMNP)] were synthesized and characterized by ES‐MS, 1H NMR, UV‐vis and electrochemistry. The nonlinear optical properties of the ruthenium(II) complexes were investigated by Z‐scan techniques with 12 ns laser pulse at 540 nm, and all of them exhibit both nonlinear optical (NLO) absorption and self‐defocusing effect. The corresponding effective NLO susceptibility |x3| of the complexes is in the range of 2.68 × 10−12‐4.57 × 10−12 esu.
A Formal Synthesis of (+)‐Cassiol Exploiting Meyers' Bicyclic Lactam Methodology
Authors: Shen Xin , Wu Yi‐Kang , Zhang Fan 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA formal synthesis of (+)‐cassiol using (lS,2S)‐2‐amino‐1‐(4‐nitrophenyl)‐l,3‐propanediol as chiral auxiliary is reported. The quaternary chiral center in the molecule was constructed by sequential alkylation of a bicyclic lactam (prepared from the aforementioned auxiliary and 5‐oxo‐heptanoic acid) with methyl iodide and benzyloxymethyl chloride.
Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction of p ‐Dinitrobenzene by a Carbanion: Evidence for Electron Transfer Mechanism
Authors: Liu You‐Cheng , Zhang Kai‐Dong , Liu Jian‐Ming , Wu Long‐Min , Liu Zhong‐Li 
Published: September 2010

AbstractOn the basis of investigation of cyclic voltammetry, EPR spectroscopy and competition experiments, the nucleophilic substitution reaction of p‐ dinitrobenzene with the sodium salt of ethyl α‐cyanoacetate carbanion in dimethyl sulfoxide giving ethyl α‐cyano‐α‐ (p‐nitrophenyl) acetate is shown to take place via the intermediacy of p‐dinitrobenzene radical anion. The reaction rate goes faster than that between p‐nitrohalobenzenes and the same sodium salt of ethyl α‐cyanoacetate carbanion. There is an evidence for a single electron transfer mechanism.
Kinetics and Mechanism of the Exothermic First‐stage Decomposition Reaction for 1,5‐Dimethyl‐2,6‐bis (2,2,2‐trinitroethyl) ‐glycoluril
Authors: Li Hnan‐Yong , Hu Rong‐Zu , Yang De‐Suo , Zhao Hong‐An , Gao Sheng‐Li , Shi Qi‐Zhen 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe thermal behavior, mechanism and kinetic parameters of the exothermic first‐stage decomposition reaction of the title compound in a temperature‐programmed mode have been investigated by means of DSC, TG‐DTG and IR. The reaction mechanism was proposed. The empirical kinetic model functions in differential form, apparent activation energy (Ea) and pre‐exponential factor (A) of this reaction are (1 ‐ α) −1.119, 211.3 kj/mol and 1020.2 s−1, respectively. The critical temperature of thermal explosion of the compound is 202.2 °C. The values of ΔS≠, ΔH≠ and CΔG≠ of this reaction are 143.8 J.mol−1.K−1, 208.7 kj/mol and 141.7 kj/mol, respectively.