bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new device to seal large coronary aneurysms: a case report
Authors: Danzi Gian Battista , Pomidossi Guido Angelo , Casolo Filippo , Centola Marco , Ferraresi Roberto , Lotan Chaim 
Published: August 2010

Abstract

Introduction
Coronary artery aneurysm is an uncommon disease. It is defined as a coronary artery dilatation, exceeding the diameter of the normal adjacent segment or the diameter of the patient's largest coronary vessel by 1.5 to 2 times. Coronary artery aneurysms are typically diagnosed by coronary angiography. The prognosis of coronary artery aneurysm is not well known and the management is challenging.

Case presentation
A 68-year-old Italian-Caucasian man presented to our hospital with angina. Coronary angiography revealed a large coronary aneurysm of the right coronary artery, which was successfully treated by the percutaneous implantation of an MGuard™stent.

Conclusion
This case report provides evidence that coronary artery aneurysms, even if very large, can be safely treated by MGuard™stent implantation. We strongly emphasize the high flexibility and good deliverability of this device, which leads to the complete exclusion of the aneurysm mediated by the process of endothelization of its thin mesh sleeves.
Visualization and phenotyping of proinflammatory antigen-specific T cells during collagen-induced arthritis in a mouse with a fixed collagen type II-specific transgenic T-cell receptor β-chain
Authors: Merky Patrick , Batsalova Tsvetelina , Bockermann Robert , Dzhambazov Balik , Sehnert Bettina , Burkhardt Harald , Bäcklund Johan 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Introduction
The Vβ12-transgenic mouse was previously generated to investigate the role of antigen-specific T cells in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), an animal model for rheumatoid arthritis. This mouse expresses a transgenic collagen type II (CII)-specific T-cell receptor (TCR) β-chain and consequently displays an increased immunity to CII and increased susceptibility to CIA. However, while the transgenic Vβ12 chain recombines with endogenous α-chains, the frequency and distribution of CII-specific T cells in the Vβ12-transgenic mouse has not been determined. The aim of the present report was to establish a system enabling identification of CII-specific T cells in the Vβ12-transgenic mouse in order to determine to what extent the transgenic expression of the CII-specific β-chain would skew the response towards the immunodominant galactosylated T-cell epitope and to use this system to monitor these cells throughout development of CIA.

Methods
We have generated and thoroughly characterized a clonotypic antibody, which recognizes a TCR specific for the galactosylated CII(260-270) peptide in the Vβ12-transgenic mouse. Hereby, CII-specific T cells could be quantified and followed throughout development of CIA, and their phenotype was determined by combinatorial analysis with the early activation marker CD154 (CD40L) and production of cytokines.

Results
The Vβ12-transgenic mouse expresses several related but distinct T-cell clones specific for the galactosylated CII peptide. The clonotypic antibody could specifically recognize the majority (80%) of these. Clonotypic T cells occurred at low levels in the naïve mouse, but rapidly expanded to around 4% of the CD4+ T cells, whereupon the frequency declined with developing disease. Analysis of the cytokine profile revealed an early Th1-biased response in the draining lymph nodes that would shift to also include Th17 around the onset of arthritis. Data showed that Th1 and Th17 constitute a minority among the CII-specific population, however, indicating that additional subpopulations of antigen-specific T cells regulate the development of CIA.

Conclusions
The established system enables the detection and detailed phenotyping of T cells specific for the galactosylated CII peptide and constitutes a powerful tool for analysis of the importance of these cells and their effector functions throughout the different phases of arthritis.
Impact of the factor V Leiden mutation on the outcome of pneumococcal pneumonia: a controlled laboratory study
Authors: Schouten Marcel , van't Veer Cornelis , Roelofs Joris JTH , Levi Marcel , van der Poll Tom 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Introduction
Streptococcus (S.) pneumoniae is the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia. The factor V Leiden (FVL) mutation results in resistance of activated FV to inactivation by activated protein C and thereby in a prothrombotic phenotype. Human heterozygous FVL carriers have been reported to be relatively protected against sepsis-related mortality. We here determined the effect of the FVL mutation on coagulation, inflammation, bacterial outgrowth and outcome in murine pneumococcal pneumonia.

Methods
Wild-type mice and mice heterozygous or homozygous for the FVL mutation were infected intranasally with 2*106 colony forming units of viable S. pneumoniae. Mice were euthanized after 24 or 48 hours or observed in a survival study. In separate experiments mice were treated with ceftriaxone intraperitoneally 24 hours after infection and euthanized after 48 hours or observed in a survival study.

Results
The FVL mutation had no consistent effect on activation of coagulation in either the presence or absence of ceftriaxone therapy, as reflected by comparable lung and plasma levels of thrombin-antithrombin complexes and fibrin degradation products. Moreover, the FVL mutation had no effect on lung histopathology, neutrophil influx, cytokine and chemokine levels or bacterial outgrowth. Remarkably, homozygous FVL mice were strongly protected against death due to pneumococcal pneumonia when treated with ceftriaxone, which was associated with more pronounced FXIII depletion; this protective effect was not observed in the absence of antibiotic therapy.

Conclusions
Homozygosity for the FVL mutation protects against lethality due to pneumococcal pneumonia in mice treated with antibiotics.
Comprehensive transcriptome analysis of mouse embryonic stem cell adipogenesis unravels new processes of adipocyte development
Authors: Billon Nathalie , Kolde Raivo , Reimand Jüri , Monteiro Miguel C , Kull Meelis , Peterson Hedi , Tretyakov Konstantin , Adler Priit , Wdziekonski Brigitte , Vilo Jaak , Dani Christian 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Background
The current epidemic of obesity has caused a surge of interest in the study of adipose tissue formation. While major progress has been made in defining the molecular networks that control adipocyte terminal differentiation, the early steps of adipocyte development and the embryonic origin of this lineage remain largely unknown.

Results
Here we performed genome-wide analysis of gene expression during adipogenesis of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). We then pursued comprehensive bioinformatic analyses, including de novo functional annotation and curation of the generated data within the context of biological pathways, to uncover novel biological functions associated with the early steps of adipocyte development. By combining in-depth gene regulation studies and in silico analysis of transcription factor binding site enrichment, we also provide insights into the transcriptional networks that might govern these early steps.

Conclusions
This study supports several biological findings: firstly, adipocyte development in mouse ESCs is coupled to blood vessel morphogenesis and neural development, just as it is during mouse development. Secondly, the early steps of adipocyte formation involve major changes in signaling and transcriptional networks. A large proportion of the transcription factors that we uncovered in mouse ESCs are also expressed in the mouse embryonic mesenchyme and in adipose tissues, demonstrating the power of our approach to probe for genes associated with early developmental processes on a genome-wide scale. Finally, we reveal a plethora of novel candidate genes for adipocyte development and present a unique resource that can be further explored in functional assays.
Phase II Study of the Halichondrin B Analog Eribulin Mesylate in Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer Previously Treated With an Anthracycline, a Taxane, and Capecitabine
Authors: Cortes Javier , Vahdat Linda , Blum Joanne L. , Twelves Chris , Campone Mario , Roché Henri , Bachelot Thomas , Awada Ahmad , Paridaens Robert , Goncalves Anthony , Shuster Dale E. , Wanders Jantien , Fang Fang , Gurnani Renuka , Richmond Elaine , Cole Patricia E. , Ashworth Simon , Allison Mary Ann 
Published: August 2010

Purpose The activity and safety of eribulin mesylate (E7389), a nontaxane microtubule dynamics inhibitor with a novel mechanism of action, were evaluated in patients with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer previously treated with an anthracycline, taxane, and capecitabine. Patients and Methods Eligible patients in this single-arm, open-label phase II study received eribulin mesylate (1.4 mg/m2) administered as a 2- to 5-minute intravenous infusion on days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle. The primary end point was objective response rate (ORR) assessed by independent review. Results Of 299 enrolled patients who had received a median of four prior chemotherapy regimens, 291 received eribulin (for a median of four cycles). Of these, 269 patients met key inclusion criteria for the primary efficacy analysis. The primary end point of ORR by independent review was 9.3% (95% CI, 6.1% to 13.4%; all partial responses [PRs]), the stable disease (SD) rate was 46.5%, and clinical benefit rate (complete response + PR + SD ≥ 6 months) was 17.1%. The investigator-reported ORR was 14.1% (95% CI, 10.2% to 18.9%). Median duration of response was 4.1 months, and progression-free survival was 2.6 months. Median overall survival was 10.4 months. The most common treatment-related grade 3 or 4 toxicities were neutropenia (54%; febrile neutropenia, 5.5%), leukopenia (14%), and asthenia/fatigue (10%; no grade 4); grade 3 neuropathy occurred in 6.9% of patients (no grade 4). Conclusion Eribulin demonstrated antitumor activity in extensively pretreated patients who had previously received an anthracycline, taxane, and capecitabine, with a manageable tolerability profile.
Target deletion of the bifunctional type 12 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in mice results in reduction of androgen and estrogen levels in heterozygotes and embryonic lethality in homozygotes
Authors: Bellemare Véronique , Phaneuf Daniel , Luu-The Van 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17β-HSDs) are enzymes issued from convergent evolution of activity from various ancestral genes having different functions. Type 12 17β-HSD (17β-HSD12) was described as a bifunctional enzyme, involved in the biosynthesis of estradiol (E2) and the elongation of very long chain fatty acid (VLCFA). It catalyzes selectively the transformation of estrone (E1) into estradiol (E2) in human and primates, whereas in the mouse and Caenorhabditis elegans the enzyme catalyzes the 17β-reduction of both androgens and estrogens. It is also able to catalyze the reduction of 3-keto-acylCoA into 3-hydroxy-acylCoA in the elongation cycle of VLCFA biosynthesis. To further understand the physiological role of 17β-HSD12, we performed targeted disruption of the Hsd17b12 gene by substituting exons 8 and 9 that contain the active site with a neomycin cassette. The data indicate that heterozygous (HSD17B12+/–) mice are viable with reduced levels of sex steroids, whereas homozygous (HSD17B12–/–) mice show embryonic lethality. The present data are in agreement with the bifunctional activities of 17β-HSD12 suggesting that the VLCFA elongation activity, having its origin in the yeast, is most probably responsible for embryonic lethality in HSD17B12–/–, whereas the more recently acquired 17β-HSD12 activity is responsible for reduced sex steroid levels in HSD17B12+/–.
Monitoring and Blending Biofuels Using a Microfluidic Sensor
Authors: Sparks D. , Smith R. , Riley D. , Tran N. , Patel J. , Chimbayo A. , Najafi N. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Density measurements have long been used to monitor petrochemical distillation. The density of the petrochemicals decreases as one moves up the distillation column. Measuring the density or specific gravity of biodiesel has been reported to be the preferred method of blending biodiesel fuel for both accuracy and ease of use. To see widespread use, a measurement technology must not only be capable of accurately monitoring a parameter, but it must do so in an economical way. This paper explores the application of microelectromechanical systems technology to fuel monitoring, quality control, and blending. This microfluidic sensor has on-chip density/specific gravity, temperature, and viscosity measurement capabilities, as will be demonstrated in the experimental results. The ability to differentiate between gasoline, ethanol, diesel, biodiesel, butanol, Fischer–Tropsch fuel, water, and air contamination with a density measurement and in some cases a viscosity measurement will be demonstrated. Using gravimetric measurements, based on fluid density, concentrations of fuel blends like ethanol-gasoline can be measured. Contamination levels of water in ethanol can also be measured in this manner. The density of fuel over temperature can be made with this sensing technology and applied to custody transfer. Potential microfluidic clogging issues are addressed by filtration and by adding the capability of sensing flow through the sensor. Measuring fluids under high flow rates is accommodated with a bypass design. An intrinsically safe circuit has been developed to enable use of this technology with flammable liquids. Vibration testing has been undertaken to show that these micromachined devices, with their high resonant frequencies, are immune to vehicular and aviation vibration, unlike conventional density metres made using larger resonating steel tubing.
Relative Motion of ACL Insertion Points In Vivo: A Case Study, Including Skiing Maneuvers
Authors: Freudiger Stefan , Vogt Wolfgang , Wirz Dieter 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
FASTRAK receivers were mounted on Kirschner-wires inserted in the distal femur and proximal tibia, respectively. Relative motions of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) insertion points were calculated for a hypothesised ACL while diagnostic and skiing load cases were applied to the knee. The highest strains, in descending order were: (i) Lachman test (13.5 %), (ii) 20 N•m internal rotation load (10.6 %) and (iii) latero-medial knee movement (6.4 %). The Lachman-procedure not only produces anterior tibial translation (5.5 mm) but as well internal rotation (10.0°). The medial knee movement produces valgus (2.3°) and external rotation (15.6°), but induces flexion (9.7°) as well, which therefore increases ACL load due to a non physiological instantaneous centre of rotation.
On the Low Stability of Molecular Magnets Based on Transition Metal Hexacyanochromates (III)
Authors: Reguera E. , Rodriguez-Hernandez J. , Tellez C. , Centeno M. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
In the research area of molecular magnets for Prussian blue analogues interesting and unusual effects have been observed, particularly for mixed transition metal salts of the hexacyanochromate (III) anion, TA
3-xTB
x[Cr(CN)6]2·yH2O. For single metal salts, T3[Cr(CN)6]2·yH2O, with T = Mn(2+), Fe(2+), Co(2+), three paramagnetic ions where long range magnetic order is observed, the materials show low stability. The structural change can be envisaged as a flipping of the CN ligand, from T-N≡C-Cr-C≡N-T to Cr-N≡C-T-C≡N-Cr. The material containing these metals (Mn, Fe, Co) could be partially stabilized by the incorporation of a second metal that does not form stable hexacyano complexes (Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd). In this contribution such possibility is explored. The role of the porous framework in the material low stability is also discussed. For analog compact solids, TCs[Cr(CN)6], a relatively high stability on aging was observed. The study of the mixed compositions is preceded by a structural characterization of the simple series where the effect of the crystal water removal is also considered.
Is the Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) Method a Peroxyl-radical Scavenging Assay?
Authors: Sueishi Yoshimi , Yoshioka Daisuke , Oowada Shigeru , Endoh Nobuyuki , Kohri Shunji , Fujii Hirotada , Shimmei Masashi , Kotake Yashige 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
The oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) method employs a water soluble azo-radical initiator, AAPH (2,2’-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride) as a free radical generator, by which the fluorescent probe fluorescein is damaged to result in the loss of fluorescence. Antioxidants can protect the probe from the damage and the degree of protection is quantified. Because AAPH has been used as a lipid-peroxidation reagent, “oxygen radical” in ORAC is generally accepted as peroxyl radicals; however, in the present spin trapping experiments using a newly developed spin trap, CYPMPO, there was no indication of peroxyl-radical formation in AAPH decomposition in aqueous media. These spin trapping studies demonstrated that alkoxyl (RO·) radical adduct was the sole product of AAPH decomposition. In contrast, alkyl-peroxyl (ROO·) radical was spin-trapped during the decomposition of a lipid soluble azo-radical initiator AIBN (azobis(isobutyronitrile)) in non-aqueous media. We speculate that alkyl-peroxyl radicals are short-lived in water, rapidly converted into alkoxyl radicals. Although the possibility that ORAC method monitors peroxyl-radical scavenging activity cannot be completely eliminated, spin trapping evidence strongly indicates that ORAC method is a scavenging capacity assay for alkoxyl radicals.
Theoretical Study of the HOCH2OO• + HO2
• Reaction: Detailed Molecular Mechanisms of the Three Reaction Channels
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Lam , Vereecken Luc , Peeters Jozef 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
The HO2
• + HOCH2OO• reaction was theoretically investigated, using various high-level, single-reference Complete Basis Set methods including CBS-QB3, CBS-QCI/APNO and CBS-Q(MPW1B95) and a new multi-reference CI-PT2 approach. Three major product channels under atmospheric conditions were identified and their molecular mechanisms elucidated in great detail by Intrinsic Reaction Coordinate Analyses (IRC) at the B3LYP/6–311G(d,p) level: (i) Direct head-to-tail H-atom abstraction from the hydroperoxy radical by the alkylperoxy, occurring on the triplet Potential Energy Surface (PES) leading to HOCH2OOH + O2; (ii) A two-step rearrangement of the initial singlet HOCH2OOOOH tetroxide complex to form HC(O)OH + •OH + HO2
•; (iii) A multi-step rearrangement of the initial HOCH2OOOOH tetroxide to yield HC(O)OH + O2(1Δ) + H2O, about twice as fast as the former channel on the singlet-surface. The findings provide an explanation for the observed hydroxyl radical formation in this reaction (Jenkin et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 9 (2007) 3149) and rationalize the high overall rate and its pronounced negative temperature dependence (Veyret et al., J. Phys. Chem.
93 (1989) 2368).
Time Resolved Infrared Spectroscopy of Formation and Processing of Secondary Organic Aerosol
Authors: Ofner J. , Krüger H.-U. , Zetzsch C. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
An aerosol flow reactor was coupled to an infrared absorption cell to study aerosol formation processes with high temporal resolution. The recorded infrared spectra were referenced using aerosol smog chamber experiments. Evaluation was done by studying the formation of secondary organic aerosol from α-pinene and catechol as precursors and ozone as oxidant. Three main infrared absorptions: ν(O-H), ν(C-H) and ν(C=O) were considered, and humic like properties of the secondary organic aerosol are mainly interpreted according to the formation and variations of carbonyl bands in the region between 1850 and 1600 cm−1, especially the ν(C=O) of aryl carbonyls from catechol oxidation products below 1700 cm−1. The relative intensities of two major ν(C=O) stretching vibrations at 1690 cm−1 and 1755 cm−1 were observed to depend strongly on the available ozone concentration. At high precursor/ozone ratios (2:1 or 1:1) the vibration at 1690 cm−1 predominates, indicating aryl carbonyl vibrations. With increasing ozone concentrations this vibration is replaced by the higher carbonyl vibration at 1755 cm−1 indicating unsaturated carbonyl-containing compounds. This is a strong hint at ring opening processes leading to unsaturated aliphatic compounds in the resulting particle. Aryl carbonyls and aromatic or olefinic ν(C=C) at 1620 cm−1 in aged particles remain visible, as aerosol smog chamber studies exhibit – thus a strong hint at humic like properties of the SOA from the spectroscopic point of view.
Uptake of Organic Acids on Ice Surfaces: Evidence for Surface Modification and Hydrate Formation
Authors: Symington Angela , Cox R. Anthony , Fernandez Miguel A. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
The uptake of gaseous HC(O)OH, CH3 C(O)OH and CF3C(O)OH on ice films at temperatures corresponding to the upper troposphere (UT) has been investigated using a coated-wall flow tube with mass spectrometric measurement of gas concentration. Uptake was largely reversible and followed Langmuir-type kinetic behavior, i.e. surface coverage increased with trace gas concentration approaching a maximum surface coverage at N
max ~2 to 3×1014 molecules cm−3, corresponding to ~25% monolayer (ML). The partition constants, KLinC
, were obtained from the experimental data by analysis using the simple Langmuir model and also using a simple one-dimensional numerical model to simulate individual uptake profiles and retrieve partition constants for specific conditions of temperature and concentration, over the temperature range 208–238 K. The analysis showed that Langmuir constants decreased at high surface coverages, possibly due to adsorbate-adsorbate interaction or modification of the ice surface. At low coverage, the following expressions described the temperature dependence of the partition coefficients (KLinC) for HC(O)OH (KLinC
= (1.5±3.5
1.0)×10−8exp((5143±268)/T) cm), for CH3 C(O)OH (KLinC
= (0.55±5.4
0.5)×10−8exp((5703±536)/T) cm), and CF3C(O)OH (KLinC
= (512±1903
404)×10−8exp((309±331)/T) cm). For CF3C(O)OH there was an irreversible component of uptake, which was attributed to hydrate formation on the surface.