bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virtual Assessment of the Endocranial Morphology of the Early Modern European Fossil Calvaria From Cioclovina, Romania
Authors: Kranioti Elena F. , Holloway Ralph , Senck Sascha , Ciprut Tudor , Grigorescu Dan , Harvati Katerina 
Published: June 2011

AbstractEndocasts provide evidence on size and shape characteristics, blood supply trajectories, and neurological features of the brain, allowing comparative analyses of fossil hominins crucial to our understanding of human brain evolution. Here, we assess the morphological features of the virtual endocast of the Cioclovina Upper Paleolithic calvarium, one of the earliest reliably dated European modern human fossils. Our study was conducted on a computed tomography (CT) scan of the original specimen. The endocranial profile was approximated via a semiautomatic segmentation of the CT data. Virtual reconstructions of the endocast were used for assessing the morphological features of the endocranium and for the estimation of the endocranial volume. Cioclovina exhibits a clockwise torque with a small anterior extension of the left frontal lobe over the right one and a protrusion of the right occipital lobe over the left, most likely due to the superior sagittal sinus coursing over the occipital pole. There is an obvious right predominance of the posterior drainage system. Interestingly, the area of the frontal sinus is occupied by dense bony tissue with small air cells corresponding probably to a natural bony loss in the diploë and to vascular spaces. An estimated endocranial volume of 1498.53 cc was calculated. The convolutional details of the third inferior frontal gyrus (Broca's caps) are indistinguishable from those found in modern Homo sapiens, and the left occipital lobe appears wider than the right, a possible correlate of right‐handedness. Our metric analysis of endocranial measurements also aligns Cioclovina with modern humans. Anat Rec, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Design of Embedded Filters for Inner‐Loop Power Control in Wireless CDMA Communication Systems
Authors: Quevedo Daniel E. , Wigren Torbjörn 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe study inner‐loop power control for mobile wireless communication systems using code division multiple access transmission. We focus on the uplink, i.e., on communication from the mobile‐ to the base‐station, and show how to minimise the variance of the signal‐to‐interference ratio (SIR) tracking error through incorporation of recursive filters. These filters complement existing power controllers and are designed by using a linear model which takes into account quantisation of the power control signal, dynamics of channel gains, interference from other users, target SIR, and SIR estimation errors. Simulation results indicate that significant performance gains can be obtained, even in situations where the models used for design are only an approximation.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Computertomografische Untersuchung von Stahlfaserspritzbeton mit mehrdimensionalen Transferfunktionen
Authors: Pittino Gerhard , Geier Georg , Fritz Laura , Hadwiger Markus , Rosc Joerdis , Pabel Thomas 
Published: June 2011

AbstractDer Verbundwerkstoff Stahlfaserbeton bzw. Stahlfaserspritzbeton (SFRSpC) findet in der Geotechnik eine breite Anwendung. Für die Modellierung des mechanischen Verhaltens ist das Wissen über die Verteilung und Ausrichtung der Fasern im Beton von entscheidender Bedeutung. In einer Bachelorarbeit wurden die Stahlfasern in Bohrkernproben mit Hilfe der Computertomografie (CT) am Österreichischen Gießerei‐Institut (ÖGI) sichtbar gemacht und die Orientierung jeder einzelnen Faser anhand der STL‐Schnittstelle und weiterer Software berechnet, statistisch ausgewertet und grafisch, ähnlich dem Schmidt'schen Netz, dargestellt. Dieses zeitaufwändige Verfahren wurde von VRVis durch ein Postprocessing automatisiert. Die Stahlfasern können bezüglich ihrer zwei Hauptwinkel in Echtzeit exploriert, klassifiziert und dabei visuell überwacht werden. Es bieten sich verschiedene Möglichkeiten der statistischen Auswertung an. Ein Richtungs‐Kugelhistogramm, ebenfalls dem Schmidt'schen Netz ähnlich, ermöglicht dem Anwender, die Richtungsverteilung der selektierten Stahlfasern auf einen Blick zu erkennen. Die Farbkodierung der Richtungen wird auch für die 3D‐Visualisierung der Stahlfasern übernommen, um die räumliche Erfassung der Richtungsverteilung im SFRSpC selbst zu erleichtern.Computertomographic Investigation of Steel Fibre Reinforced Sprayed Concrete using Multi‐Dimensional Transfer FunctionsThe composite material steel fibre reinforced concrete or steel fibre reinforced sprayed concrete (SFRS) is widely used in geotechnics. For the modelling of the mechanical behaviour the knowledge of the distribution and orientation of the fibres in the concrete is of particular importance. For a bachelor thesis the steel fibres in drill cores were investigated by computed tomography (CT) at the Austrian Foundry Research Institute (ÖGI). The orientation of each fibre was calculated using a STL‐interface and further software tools. The results were statistically evaluated and graphically represented using Schmidt's net. This time consuming (expensive) method was automated by a post‐processing of VRVis. With that tool the steel fibres in the sample can be explored, classified and visually examined in real‐time regarding their orientation in two angles. Different possibilities of statistical evaluation can be implemented. A real‐time direction sphere histogram (DSH), comparable to Schmidt's net in 3D allows the user to recognise the distribution of orientations of the selected fibres at a glance. The colour‐coding of the different orientations is also used for the 3D‐volume‐view of the fibres, to easily identify the spatial distribution of orientations in the SFRS sample.
Umlagerungsverhalten von Plattentragwerken aus Stahlfaserbeton
Authors: Gödde Lars , Mark Peter 
Published: June 2011

AbstractDas Tragverhalten von Platten aus Stahlfaserbeton ist von starker Nichtlinearität durch Rissbildung und großen traglaststeigernden Umlagerungen geprägt. Für ihre Berechnung und Bemessung wird ein nichtlineares Verfahren vorgestellt. Es basiert auf einer elasto‐plastischen Schädigungsbeschreibung des Faserbetons mit eingebetteter Betonstahlbewehrung und einer Finite Elemente Diskretisierung des Stabstahls und der Platte mit regularisierter Verschmierung der Rissbildung im Elementnetz. Das Verfahren wird an einer punktgestützen Stahlfaserbetonplatte eines Großversuchs angewendet und verglichen mit anderen gängigen Methoden, nämlich einer linear‐elastischen Schnittgrößenermittlung bzw. der Bruchlinientheorie. Zur Bemessung erweist es sich als sehr geeignet, allerdings – ähnlich den beiden anderen Verfahren – abhängig von der angenommen Rissbildung, der Nachrisszugfestigkeit und geometrischen Größen.Redistribution Effects of Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete Slabs Numerical Computation and DesignThe bearing behaviour of steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC) slabs is mainly affected by nonlinearity due to cracking and redistribution effects leading to an increased bearing capacity. A nonlinear approach for structural analysis and design of such structures is presented. It is based on an elasto‐plastic damage theory to model material behaviour of SFRC and allows for additional embedded rebars. By adopting a finite element discretisation of the slab structure a regulated smeared modelling of cracking is achieved. Further the nonlinear model is applied to a full scale test of a SFRC flat slab structure and results are compared to alternative already well established methods, namely a linear elastic analysis and the yield line theory. The proposed method is proven to be very suitable for design but – alike the alternatives – depends on assumed crack patterns, residual tensile strength of the SFRC and geometrical parameters.
Clinical and technical outcomes from a randomized clinical trial of endovenous laser ablation compared with conventional surgery for great saphenous varicose veins
Authors: Carradice D , Mekako A I , Mazari F A K , Samuel N , Hatfield J , Chetter I C 
Published: June 2011

Abstract

Background
This report describes the clinical effectiveness and recurrence rates from a randomized trial of endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) and surgery for varicose veins.

Methods
Some 280 patients were randomized equally using sealed opaque envelopes to two parallel groups: surgery and EVLA. Inclusion criteria included symptomatic disease secondary to primary, unilateral, isolated saphenofemoral junction incompetence, leading to reflux into the great saphenous vein (GSV). Outcomes were: technical success, recurrent varicose veins on clinical examination, patterns of reflux on duplex ultrasound examination, and the effect of recurrence on quality of life, assessed by the Aberdeen Varicose Vein Questionnaire (AVVQ). Assessments were at 1, 6, 12 and 52 weeks after the procedure.

Results
Initial technical success was greater following EVLA: 99·3 versus 92·4 per cent (P = 0·005). Surgical failures related mainly to an inability to strip the above-knee GSV. The clinical recurrence rate at 1 year was lower after EVLA: 4·0 versus 20·4 per cent (P &lt; 0·001). The number of patients needed to treat with EVLA rather than surgery to avoid one recurrence at 1 year was 6·3 (95 per cent confidence interval 4·0 to 12·5). Twelve of 23 surgical recurrences were related to an incompetent below-knee GSV and ten to neovascularization. Of five recurrences after EVLA, two were related to neoreflux in the groin tributaries and one to recanalization. Clinical recurrence was associated with worse AVVQ scores (P &lt; 0·001).

Conclusion
EVLA treatment had lower rates of clinical recurrence than conventional surgery in the short term. Registration number: NCT00759434 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Highly sensitive LC‐MS/MS‐ESI method for simultaneous quantitation of albendazole and ricobendazole in rat plasma and its application to a rat pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Sharma Kuldeep , Kandaswamy Murugesh , Mithra Chandan , Meena Ashok Kumar , Giri Sanjeev , Rajagopal Sriram , Mullangi Ramesh 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTA highly sensitive and specific LC‐MS/MS‐ESI method was developed for simultaneous quantification of albenadazole (ABZ) and ricobendazole (RBZ) in rat plasma (50 μL) using phenacetin as an internal standard (IS). Simple protein precipitation was used to extract ABZ and RBZ from rat plasma. The chromatographic resolution of ABZ, RBZ and IS was achieved with a mobile phase consisting of 5 m m ammonium acetate (pH 6) and acetonitrile (20:80, v/v) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min on a Chromolith RP‐18e column. The total chromatographic run time was 3.5 min and the elution of ABZ, RBZ and IS occurred at 1.66, 1.50 and 1.59 min, respectively. A linear response function was established for the ranges of concentrations 2.01–2007 and 6.02–6020 ng/mL for ABZ and RBZ, respectively. The intra‐ and inter‐day precision values for ABZ and RBZ met the acceptance as per FDA guidelines. ABZ and RBZ were stable in battery of stability studies, viz. bench‐top, auto‐sampler and freeze–thaw cycles. The developed assay was applied to a pharmacokinetic study in rats. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ciliary diffusion barrier: The gatekeeper for the primary cilium compartment
Authors: Hu Qicong , Nelson W. James 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe primary cilium is a cellular antenna that detects and transmits chemical and mechanical cues in the environment through receptors and downstream signal proteins enriched along the ciliary membrane. While it is known that ciliary membrane proteins enter the cilium by way of vesicular and intraflagellar transport, less is known about how ciliary membrane proteins are retained in, and how apical membrane proteins are excluded from the cilium. Here, we review evidence for a membrane diffusion barrier at the base of the primary cilium, and highlight the recent finding of a septin cytoskeleton diffusion barrier. We also discuss candidate ciliopathy genes that may be involved in formation of the barrier, and the role of a diffusion barrier as a common mechanism for compartmentalizing membranes and lipid domains. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Simulating Taverna workflows using stochastic process algebras
Authors: Curcin Vasa , Missier Paolo , De Roure David 
Published: June 2011

AbstractScientific workflows provide powerful middleware for scientific computing in that they represent a central abstraction in the research task by simultaneously acting as an editable action plan, collaboration tool, and executable entity. Taverna workflows, in particular, have been widely accepted in the bioinformatics community, due to their flexible integration with web service analytical tools that are the essential tools of any bioinformatician. However, the semantics of Taverna have so far only been qualified in terms of the functional composition and data processing. While correct, and useful for reasoning about functional and trace equivalences, this aspect does not help with modelling the throughput and utilization of individual services in the workflow. In this paper we present a stochastic process model for Taverna, and use it to perform execution simulations in Microsoft's SPIM tool. The model also opens up the possibilities for further static analyses that are explored. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Growth and Optical Properties of Nonpolar ($10{\bar {1}}0$) Zn1‐xCoxO Epitaxial Film on a γ‐LiAlO2 Substrate
Authors: Wu Jih‐Jen , Lin Sian‐Jhang , Lin Wan‐Hsien , Chou Mitch M.C. , Chang Liuwen , Hwang Ten‐Hsing , Chuang Chia‐Hao , Chen Chun‐Wei 
Published: June 2011

AbstractNonpolar ($10{\bar {1}}0$) Zn1‐xCoxO films are grown on γ‐LiAlO2(100) substrates by CVD. X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results reveal that Co atoms become incorporated into the ZnO film via a substitution for Zn, when x ≤ 0.15. The epitaxial relationships between the nonpolar Zn1‐xCoxO film and γ‐LiAlO2 substrate are [0001]ZnCoO||[010]LAO and [$10{\bar {1}}0$]ZnCoO||[100]LAO, as determined by TEM. A decrease in the optical band‐gap of the nonpolar Zn1‐xCoxO film with increasing Co content is observed in absorption measurements.
A flow cytometric method to assess nanoparticle uptake in bacteria
Authors: Kumar Ashutosh , Pandey Alok K. , Singh Shashi S. , Shanker Rishi , Dhawan Alok 
Published: June 2011

AbstractToxicity of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), such as metal oxides, has been of concern among environmental and health scientists. For ecotoxicity studies of ENMs, it is important to assess nanoparticle uptake and correlate it with the cellular response. However, due to nonavailability of adequate methods for assessing cellular uptake of ENMs, there is a lack of information in this important area. In the present study, a method has been developed using flow cytometry, which allows for rapid detection of ENM internalization in live bacteria under different experimental conditions for several generations. Our data demonstrate significant internalization of Zinc oxide (ZnO) and Titanium (IV) oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) in Escherichia coli in a dose‐dependent manner. ZnO NPs treatment exhibited a significant increase in the intensity of side scatter (SSC) with liver‐S9 fraction (76, 94, and 181% increase) rather than without S9 (10.5, 24.5, and 125.9% increase) at 10, 40, and 80 μg/ml concentrations, respectively. This was due to the protein coating of NPs by the S9 fraction. A similar response was also observed on exposure to TiO2 NPs (139 and 203% with S9 and 128 and 198% without S9). In a multigeneration study, this new method was able to detect the presence of ENMs in E. coli up to four generations. Our data demonstrate that this method can be used for assessing the uptake of ENMs in bacteria and provides a handle to toxicologists for ecotoxicity studies of economically important ENMs to ensure safer products in the market. © 2011 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
An imaging flow cytometric method for measuring cell division history and molecular symmetry during mitosis
Authors: Filby Andrew , Perucha Esperanza , Summers Huw , Rees Paul , Chana Prabhjoat , Heck Susanne , Lord Graham M. , Davies Derek 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAsymmetric cell division is an important mechanism for generating cellular diversity, however, techniques for measuring the distribution of fate‐regulating molecules during mitosis have been hampered by a lack of objectivity, quantitation, and statistical robustness. Here we describe a novel imaging flow cytometric approach that is able to report a cells proliferative history and cell cycle position using dye dilution, pH3, and PI staining to then measure the spatial distribution of fluorescent signals during mitosis using CCD‐derived imagery. Using Jurkat cells, resolution of the fluorescently labeled populations was comparable to traditional PMT based cytometers thus eliminating the need to sort cells with specific division histories for microscopy. Subdividing mitotic stages by morphology allowed us to determine the time spent in each cell cycle phase using mathematical modeling approaches. Furthermore high sample throughput allowed us to collect statistically relevant numbers of cells without the need to use blocking agents that artificially enrich for mitotic events. The fluorescent imagery was used to measure PKCζ protein and EEA‐1+ endosome distribution during different mitotic phases in Jurkat cells. While telophase cells represented the favorable population for measuring asymmetry, asynchronously dividing cells spent approximately 43 seconds in this stage, explaining why they were present at such low frequencies. This necessitated the acquisition of large cell numbers. Interestingly we found that PKCζ was inherited asymmetrically in 2.5% of all telophasic events whereas endosome inheritance was significantly more symmetrical. Furthermore, molecular polarity at early mitotic phases was a poor indicator of asymmetry during telophase highlighting that, though rare, telophasic events represented the best candidates for asymmetry studies. In summary, this technique combines the spatial information afforded by fluorescence microscopy with the statistical wealth and objectivity of traditional flow cytometry, overcoming the key limitations of existing approaches for studying asymmetry during mitosis. © 2011 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Using Peer Mentors to screen for CKD at dialysis units: Targeting high‐risk family members
Authors: Swartz June E. , Perry Erica , Joy Sally , Swartz Richard D. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractOBJECTIVEThe incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing and affects one in nine individuals in the United States. Genetics and lifestyle factors contribute to the incidence of CKD and serve as screening targets. We screened for predisposition to CKD at dialysis units in southeast Michigan, where obesity and hypertension are common. Families of dialysis patients, as well as non‐relatives and staff, were evaluated. Peer Mentors with CKD participated in the screening.METHODS“Prevention Fairs” utilized inexpensive screening to determine a predisposition to CKD: urine dipstick for protein, glucose, or blood; BP > 140/90; and body mass index (BMI) > 30. Peer Mentor participation, honoring long‐standing patients, and invitations to state legislators were included.RESULTS“Fairs” at 16 Michigan centers screened 497 individuals: 61% (305) had one finding, 18% (88) had two, and 6% (29) had three. Obesity was most common (220), and then hypertension (169), proteinuria (41), glycosuria (15), and hematuria (13). Although we had hypothesized that the highest risk would be found among genetic family members, positive screening was not statistically different between genetic relatives and other individuals. In addition, findings were distributed equally across varied demographic settings and races, underscoring the importance of social determinants of health.DISCUSSIONGenetic factors are hypothesized to be predictors for CKD, but these results suggest that CKD risk may also be related to social determinants such as diet, exercise, health consciousness, socioeconomics, or cultural acceptance of obesity. Screening at dialysis centers, enhanced by participation of peers and social activities, contributes to referral for further treatment.
Bericht über die 71. Sitzung des Ständigen Ausschusses für das Bauwesen
Authors: Springborn Matthias 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAm 17. und 18. Februar 2011 fand die 71. Sitzung des Ständigen Ausschusses für das Bauwesen (StAB) in Brüssel statt. Den Vorsitz hatte der Leiter des Referats “Baugewerbe” bei den Kommissionsdiensten. Im Folgenden werden die wesentlichen Beratungsinhalte kurz wiedergegeben.
Toward molecular genetic dissection of neural circuits for emotional and motivational behaviors
Authors: Guo Su , Wagle Mahendra , Mathur Priya 
Published: June 2011

AbstractHow does the brain process the emotional meaning of sensory stimuli and in turn drive behavior? Studies in the mammalian systems have identified various brain regions and neurotransmitter systems that are critical for emotional and motivational behaviors and have implicated their involvement in neuropsychiatric disorders including anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, and addiction. Despite these significant advancements, the precise neural circuitry underlying emotional and motivational behaviors remains to be understood at molecular and cellular levels. In this review, we discuss how the vertebrate model organism zebrafish can help us gain insights into the underlying circuitry. We first describe studies of several simple and relevant preference behaviors in this model organism, and then discuss approaches and technologies that can be used to uncover the development and function of neural circuits underlying these behaviors. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 72: 358–365, 2012
The Xenopus retinal ganglion cell as a model neuron to study the establishment of neuronal connectivity
Authors: McFarlane Sarah , Lom Barbara 
Published: June 2011

AbstractNeurons receive inputs through their multiple branched dendrites and pass this information on to the next neuron via long axons, which branch within the target. The shape the neuron acquires is thus the key to its proper functioning in the neural circuit in which it participates. Both axons and dendrites grow in a directed fashion to their target partner neurons by responding to a large number of molecular cues in the milieu through which they extend. They then go through the process of synaptogenesis, first choosing a neuron on which to synapse, and then the appropriate subcellular location. How a neuron acquires its unique shape, establishes and modifies appropriate synaptic connectivity, and the molecular signals involved, are key questions in developmental neurobiology. Such questions of nervous system wiring are being pursued actively with a variety of different animal models and neuron types, each with its own unique advantages. Among these, the developing retinal ganglion cell (RGC) of the South African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis, has proven particularly fruitful for revealing the secrets of how axons and dendrites acquire their final morphology and connectivity. In this review, we describe how this system can be used to understand the multiple molecular events that instruct the incorporation of RGCs into the neural circuit that controls vision. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 72: 520–536, 2012