bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid and efficient glycoprotein identification through microwave‐assisted enzymatic digestion
Authors: Segu Zaneer M. , Hammad Loubna A. , Mechref Yehia 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIdentification of protein glycosylation sites is analytically challenging due to the diverse glycan structures associated with a glycoprotein. Mass spectrometry (MS)‐based identification and characterization of glycoproteins has been achieved predominantly with the bottom‐up approach, which typically involves the enzymatic cleavage of proteins to peptides prior to LC/MS or LC/MS/MS analysis. However, the process can be challenging due to the structural variations and steric hindrance imposed by the attached glycans. Alternatives to conventional heating protocols, that increase the rate of enzymatic cleavage of glycoproteins, may aid in addressing these challenges. An enzymatic digestion of a glycoprotein can be accelerated and made more efficient through microwave‐assisted digestion. In this paper, a systematic study was conducted to explore the efficiency of microwave‐assisted enzymatic (trypsin) digestion (MAED) of glycoproteins as compared with the conventional method. In addition, the optimum experimental parameters for the digestion such as temperature, reaction time, and microwave radiation power were investigated. It was determined that efficient tryptic digestion of glycoproteins was attained in 15 min, allowing comparable if not better sequence coverage through LC/MS/MS analysis. Optimum tryptic cleavage was achieved at 45°C irrespective of the size and complexity of the glycoprotein. Moreover, MAED allowed the detection and identification of more peptides and subsequently higher sequence coverage for all model glycoprotein. MAED also did not appear to prompt a loss or partial cleavage of the glycan moieties attached to the peptide backbones. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Folded emitters for nanoelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Kirby Andrea E. , Jebrail Mais J. , Yang Hao , Wheeler Aaron R. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractElectrospray ionization (ESI) has revolutionized mass spectrometry (MS), providing a facile method for the ionization of macromolecules for analysis by mass. The development of nanoESI‐MS has further extended the utility of ESI‐MS, permitting the analysis of small‐volume samples with enhanced sensitivity over conventional ESI‐MS. Traditional nanoESI‐MS experiments use pulled‐glass capillary emitters, which are expensive to purchase and require specialized instruments and training to fabricate in‐house. Furthermore, these emitters suffer from problems including clogging, sample contamination, and irreproducible spray stability. Here, we report a new emitter for nanoESI‐MS, made by folding small pieces of polyimide tape. In comparison with conventional pulled‐glass capillary emitters, the new emitters are inexpensive and simple to make. Their low cost makes them disposable after a single use, such that sample contamination or clogging is never a problem. Emitter performance has been evaluated for diverse analytes encompassing a large mass range, including small molecules, peptides, proteins, and synthetic polymers. In all cases, the performance is similar to that of pulled‐glass capillary emitters, with the advantages of low cost, ease of use, and disposability. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Equivalence of a random intersection graph andG(n,p)
Authors: Rybarczyk Katarzyna 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe solve the conjecture of Fill, Scheinerman and Singer‐Cohen (Random Struct Algorithms 16 (2000), 156–176) and show equivalence of sharp threshold functions of a random intersection graph${\cal g}$(n,m,p) withm≥n3and a graphG(n,p̂) with independent edges. Moreover we prove sharper equivalence results under some additional assumptions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2011
Serotonergic neurotransmission in the living human brain: A positron emission tomography study using [11C]dasb and [11C]WAY100635 in young healthy men
Authors: Takano Harumasa , Ito Hiroshi , Takahashi Hidehiko , Arakawa Ryosuke , Okumura Masaki , Kodaka Fumitoshi , Otsuka Tatsui , Kato Motoichiro , Suhara Tetsuya 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe central serotonergic (5‐HT) system is closely involved in regulating various mental functions such as mood and emotion. In this system, the serotonin transporter (5‐HTT) and the 5‐HT1Areceptor play important roles in the pathophysiology and treatment of mood and anxiety disorders. However, only a few integrated databases have considered the intraindividual relationship between pre‐ and postsynaptic serotonergic transmission. In the present study, we constructed a database of 5‐HTT and 5‐HT1Areceptors using positron emission tomography (PET) with [11C]DASB and [11C]WAY100635, respectively. Seventeen healthy young men participated in this study. After anatomic standardization of original images, BPNDwas calculated on a voxel‐by‐voxel basis using reference tissue methods. The highest binding to 5‐HTT was observed in the dorsal raphe nucleus, striatum, and thalamus; moderate binding, in the insula and cingulate cortex; and very low binding, in the cerebral neocortex. In contrast, the highest binding to 5‐HT1Areceptors was seen in the hippocampal regions, insula, neocortical regions, and dorsal raphe nucleus, and very low binding was found in the thalamus and basal ganglia. These distribution patterns were in agreement with those reported in human postmortem studies and previous PET investigations. In addition, exploratory analysis indicated significant negative correlations between the BPNDvalues with both radiotracers in certain regions of the brain, such as the cingulate, insula, and frontal, temporal and parietal cortices (Pearson's correlation,P< 0.05). These databases facilitate the understanding of the regional distribution of serotonergic neurotransmission function in the living human brain and the pathophysiology of various neuropsychiatric disorders. Synapse, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Endoplasmic reticulum dynamics in hippocampal dendritic spines induced by agonists of type I metabotropic glutamate but not by muscarinic acetylcholine receptors
Authors: Ng Ai Na , Toresson Håkan 
Published: November 2010

AbstractNeurons in the hippocampus exhibit subpopulations of dendritic spines that contain endoplasmic reticulum (ER). ER in spines is important for synaptic activity and its associated Ca2+ signaling. The dynamic distribution of ER to spines is regulated by diacylglycerol and partly mediated by protein kinase C, metalloproteinases and γ‐secretase. In this study, we explored whether pharmacological activation of type I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) known to activate phospholipase C would have any effect on spine ER content. We found that DHPG (100 μM) but not carbachol (10 μM) caused a reduction in the number of spines with ER. We further found that ER Ca2+ depletion triggered by thapsigargin (200 nM) had no effect on ER localization in spines. Synapse, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ex vivo evaluation of the serotonin 1A receptor partial agonist [3H]CUMI‐101 in awake rats
Authors: Palner Mikael , Underwood Mark D. , Kumar Dileep J.S. , Arango Victoria , Knudsen Gitte M. , John Mann J. , Parsey Ramin V. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract[3H]CUMI‐101 is a 5‐HT1A partial agonist, which has been evaluated for use as a positron emission tracer in baboon and humans. We sought to evaluate the properties of [3H]CUMI‐101 ex vivo in awake rats and determine if [3H]CUMI‐101 can measure changes in synaptic levels of serotonin after different challenge paradigms. [3H]CUMI‐101 shows good uptake and good specific binding ratio (SBR) in frontal cortex 5.18 and in hippocampus 3.18. Binding was inhibited in a one‐binding‐site fashion by WAY100635 and unlabeled CUMI‐101. The ex vivo Bmax of [3H]CUMI‐101 in frontal cortex (98.7 fmol/mg) and hippocampus (131 fmol/kg) agree with the ex vivo Bmax of [3H]MPPF in frontal cortex (147.1 fmol/mg) and hippocampus (72.1 fmol/mg) and with in vitro values reported with 8‐OH‐DPAT. Challenges with citalopram, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, fenfluramine, a serotonin releaser, and 4‐chloro‐DL‐phenylalanine, a serotonin synthesis inhibitor, did not show any effect on the standardized uptake values (SUVs) in any region. Citalopram did alter SBR, but this was due to changes in cerebellar SUVs. Our results indicate that [3H]CUMI‐101 is a good radioligand for imaging 5‐HT1A high‐density regions in rats; however, the results from pharmacological challenges remain inconclusive. Synapse 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Shear behaviour of reinforced concrete structural walls with eccentric openings under cyclic loading: experimental study
Authors: Wang Jiyang , Sakashita Masanobu , Kono Susumu , Tanaka Hitoshi 
Published: November 2010

SUMMARYReinforced concrete (RC) structural walls usually have some eccentric large openings according to the intention of the architectural design. However, the behaviour of such structures that are shear critical under cyclic loading has not been well studied. In this study, three single‐span, three‐storied, 40% scale specimens of RC structural walls with various eccentric opening ratios were constructed and tested in a lateral reverse cyclic manner until severe shear damage occurred in the walls. The main purposes of these tests were to evaluate the shear behaviour and to recognize the influence of various opening ratios on cracking and shear strength of structural walls under cyclic loading. The shear strength of specimen was calculated combining the shear strength of a structural wall without openings and the reduction factor due to openings. The comparison between the experimental results and the analytical results shows that the shear strength is different depending on the loading direction due to the eccentric opening location, the span length of short span beams may affect the cracking process and the failure mode, the approximate calculation method using Ono's reduction factor could be well applied to RC structural walls with various opening ratios less than 0.46. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A combinatorial genetic library approach to target heterologous glycosylation enzymes to the endoplasmic reticulum or the Golgi apparatus of Pichia pastoris
Authors: Nett Juergen H. , Stadheim Terrance A. , Li Huijuan , Bobrowicz Piotr , Hamilton Stephen R. , Davidson Robert C. , Choi Byung‐Kwon , Mitchell Teresa , Bobrowicz Beata , Rittenhour Alissa , Wildt Stefan , Gerngross Tillman U. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractTo humanize the glycosylation pathway in the yeast Pichia pastoris, we developed several combinatorial genetic libraries and used them to properly localize active eukaryotic mannosidases and sugar transferases. Here we report the details of the fusion of up to 66 N‐terminal targeting sequences of fungal type II membrane proteins to 33 catalytic domains of heterologous glycosylation enzymes. We show that while it is difficult to predict which leader/catalytic domain will result in the desired activity, analysis of the fusion protein libraries allows for the selection of the leader/catalytic domain combinations that function properly. This combinatorial approach, together with a high‐throughput screening protocol, has allowed us to humanize the yeast glycosylation pathway to secrete human glycoprotein with complex N‐glycosylation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Female nile hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius) space use in a naturalistic exhibit
Authors: Blowers Tracy E. , Waterman Jane M. , Kuhar Christopher W. , Bettinger Tammie L. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractZoological institutions provide naturalistic exhibits for their animals in order to offer a more appealing look for visitors and give the animal the opportunity to engage in more natural behaviors. Examining space use of the animals in the naturalistic exhibit may aid in the management of these animals and inform future naturalistic exhibit design. The hippopotamus is an amphibious ungulate that spends much of its days in the wild in the water but may be found along the banks of the rivers basking in the sun. Our objective was to determine how captive female hippos utilize their exhibit by examining whether hippos selected for certain areas of a naturalistic exhibit. Scan sample data were collected on a group of nine captive female hippos housed at Disney's Animal Kingdom®. Using ArcView, the data were analyzed to determine distribution of hippos in the exhibit and their utilization of depth categories while in the water. Hippos were found to aggregate in preferred areas of the exhibit, mostly water, and selected most for water depths of 0.6–1.0 m. These results will aid in the understanding of hippopotamus space use and may aid zoological institutions in the design of naturalistic exhibits for hippos. Zoo Biol 31: 129–136, 2012. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Learning and relearning effects with innovative service designs: An empirical analysis of top golf courses
Authors: Heim Gregory R. , Ketzenberg Michael E. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis paper examines learning and relearning effects for initial service designs and later service redesigns. We analyze an experience‐based service where external design firms typically perform service design and implementation tasks, while local service personnel manage daily operations. We examine whether the quality of service during routine operation periods exhibits learning effect patterns. We also examine window of opportunity effects after major redesigns. Examining yearly data on top Texas golf courses, we observe learning across the lifespan of golf courses and relearning after golf course redesigns. The findings contribute to the literature on learning and experience‐based services. The study provides managerial insight by demonstrating the extent of learning, illustrating how redesigns can affect service outcomes negatively, showing how relearning occurs, and discussing tactics for success when redesigning services.
Correlation of pepsin‐measured laryngopharyngeal reflux disease with symptoms and signs
Authors: Wang Lu , Liu Xiong , Liu You‐li , Zeng Fang‐fang , Wu Ting , Yang Chun‐li , Shen Hai‐yan , Li Xiang‐ping 
Published: November 2010

OBJECTIVEPepsin detection in throat sputum has been posited as a reliable biological marker of laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD). This study was designed to further correlate pepsin concentration with symptoms and signs of LPRD.STUDY DESIGNCross‐sectional study.SETTINGNanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University.SUBJECTS AND METHODSFifty‐six laryngitis patients were divided into a reflux laryngitis group and a chronic laryngitis group based on the reflux symptom index (RSI), reflux finding score (RFS), and proton pump inhibitor treatment for two weeks. Oral and hypopharyngeal secretions from the study patients and from 15 healthy subjects were collected. Thirty‐six obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients were divided into a mild‐moderate group and a severe group by the apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI). Bedtime and first‐morning oral secretions were collected. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the pepsin concentration.RESULTSIn laryngitis patients, the total score of RSI and RFS (P < 0.05), and the symptoms, including clearing throat often, coughing, and sensing a lump in the throat (P < 0.006), were more severe in the pepsin‐positive group. No significant differences were found between the oral and hypopharyngeal secretions. In OSA, pepsin levels in the first‐morning oral secretions were correlated with AHI, mean SaO2, and mini SaO2 (P < 0.01). However, RSIs were not significantly correlated with these indicators.CONCLUSIONHigher levels of pepsin in sputum were associated with higher RSI and RFS in cases of laryngitis. There was no relationship between pepsin levels and RSI in cases of OSA. There were no differences of pepsin concentration in sputum collection methods or in collection timing.
How does reflux affect laryngeal tissue quality? An experimental and histopathologic animal study
Authors: Habesoglu Mehmet , Habesoglu Tulay Erden , Gunes Pembegul , Kinis Vefa , Toros Sema Zer , Eriman Murat , Egeli Erol 
Published: November 2010

OBJECTIVETo investigate the histopathologic changes in intact laryngeal epithelium and mucosa exposed to endogenous gastric acid and pepsin in an experimental model of reflux.STUDY DESIGNRandomized trial.SETTINGThe study was conducted at the animal care facility of Haydarpasa Numune Education and Research Hospital.SUBJECTS AND METHODSEighteen healthy 200‐ to 220‐g, 20‐week‐old Sprague‐Dawley rats were used. The animals were divided into three groups according to exposure time (1‐, 4‐, and 12‐week exposures), and four rats were examined as controls who underwent sham operation. An experimental model of gastroesophageal reflux was induced. After exposure, the animals were euthanized, and their larynges were removed. The histopathologic changes in the larynx were observed under a light microscope.RESULTSThe mean scores for inflammation in the control, one‐, four‐, and 12‐week groups were 0.75 ± 0.50, 1.75 ± 0.50, 2.20 ± 0.45, and 1.94 ± 0.87, respectively. However, mean scores for vascular engorgement in the control, one‐, and four‐week groups were 0, and in the 12‐week group was 2.0 ± 0.70. The mean scores for subepithelial edema in the control, one‐, four‐, and 12‐week groups were 1.00 ± 0, 1.75 ± 0.95, 1.80 ± 0.45, and 2.20 ± 0.84, respectively. However, mean scores for keratinization for the control, one‐, and four‐week groups were 0, and for the 12‐week group was 1.60 ± 0.55. When we compared inflammation, vascular engorgement, subepithelial edema, and keratinization mean scores between the control and study groups, there were statistically significant increases (P = 0.005, P = 0.001, P = 0.043, P = 0.002, respectively).CONCLUSIONOur findings suggest that reflux induces significant histopathologic changes in larynx mucosa.
Correlation of biomarkers in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Tse Gary M. , King Ann D. , Yu Alex M. C. , Lam Christopher C. F. , Chan Anthony W. H. , Chen George G. , Yeung David K. , Yu Kwok‐Hung , Bhatia Kunwar S. , Chan Amy B. W. 
Published: November 2010

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the relationship of functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters, including choline/creatine ratio (Cho/Cr) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) with protein expression of 10 common tumor and prognostic markers in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.STUDY DESIGNCross‐sectional study.SETTINGUniversity hospital.SUBJECTS AND METHODSThe Cho/Cr and ADC obtained from 74 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma were correlated with the expression level of the 10 protein markers as determined by immunohistochemistry.RESULTSCho/Cr showed significant positive correlations with cyclooxygenase 2 in primary tumors (r = 0.714), and epidermal growth factor receptor in metastatic cervical lymph nodes (r = 0.522). ADC showed significant (r = −0.591) negative correlation with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 in metastatic cervical lymph nodes.CONCLUSIONThere are relationships between protein and functional MRI markers. Future research in this direction may improve our understanding of the cancer micro‐environment.
Associations of dietary dark-green and deep-yellow vegetables and fruits with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: modification by smoking
Authors: Tomita Luciana Y. , Roteli-Martins Cecília M. , Villa Luisa L. , Franco Eduardo L. , Cardoso Marly A. 
Published: November 2010

Smoking has been positively and fruit and vegetable intake has been negatively associated with cervical cancer, the second most common cancer among women worldwide. However, a lower consumption of fruits and reduced serum carotenoids have been observed among smokers. It is not known whether the smoking effect on the risk of cervical neoplasia is modified by a low intake of fruits and vegetables. The present study examined the combined effects of tobacco smoking and diet using a validated FFQ and serum carotenoid and tocopherol levels on cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN3) risk in a hospital-based case–control study conducted in São Paulo, Brazil, between 2003 and 2005. The sample comprised 231 incident, histologically confirmed cases of CIN3 and 453 controls. A low intake ( ≤ 39 g) of dark-green and deep-yellow vegetables and fruits without tobacco smoking had a lesser effect on CIN3 (OR 1·14; 95 % CI 0·49, 2·65) than among smokers with higher intake ( ≥ 40 g; OR 1·83; 95 % CI 0·73, 4·62) after adjusting for confounders. The OR for the joint exposure of tobacco smoking and low intake of vegetables and fruits was greater (3·86; 95 % CI 1·74, 8·57; P for trend < 0·001) compared with non-smokers with higher intake after adjusting for confounding variables and human papillomavirus status. Similar results were observed for total fruit, serum total carotene (including β-, α- and γ-carotene) and tocopherols. These findings suggest that the effect of nutritional factors on CIN3 is modified by smoking.
Development of specific ITS markers for plant DNA identification within herbivorous insects
Authors: Pumariño L. , Alomar O. , Agustí N. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractDNA-based techniques have proved to be very useful methods to study trophic relationships between pests and their natural enemies. However, most predators are best defined as omnivores, and the identification of plant-specific DNA should also allow the identification of the plant species the predators have been feeding on. In this study, a PCR approach based on the development of specific primers was developed as a self-marking technique to detect plant DNA within the gut of one heteropteran omnivorous predator (Macrolophus pygmaeus) and two lepidopteran pest species (Helicoverpa armigera and Tuta absoluta). Specific tomato primers were designed from the ITS 1–2 region, which allowed the amplification of a tomato DNA fragment of 332 bp within the three insect species tested in all cases (100% of detection at t=0) and did not detect DNA of other plants nor of the starved insects. Plant DNA half-lives at 25°C ranged from 5.8 h, to 27.7 h and 28.7 h within M. pygmaeus, H. armigera and T. absoluta, respectively. Tomato DNA detection within field-collected M. pygmaeus suggests dietary mixing in this omnivorous predator and showed a higher detection of tomato DNA in females and nymphs than males. This study provides a useful tool to detect and to identify plant food sources of arthropods and to evaluate crop colonization from surrounding vegetation in conservation biological control programs.