bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transparent radiative cooling cover window for flexible and foldable electronic displays
Authors: Lee Kang Won , Yi Jonghun , Kim Min Ku , Kim Dong Rip 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTransparent radiative cooling holds the promise to efficiently manage thermal conditions in various electronic devices without additional energy consumption. Radiative cooling cover windows designed for foldable and flexible displays could enhance cooling capacities in the ubiquitous deployment of flexible electronics in outdoor environments. However, previous demonstrations have not met the optical, mechanical, and moisture-impermeable criteria for such cover windows. Herein, we report transparent radiative cooling metamaterials with a thickness of 50 microns as a cover window of foldable and flexible displays by rational design and synthesis of embedding optically-modulating microstructures in clear polyimide. The resulting outcome not only includes excellent light emission in the atmospheric window under the secured optical transparency but also provides enhanced mechanical and moisture-impermeable properties to surpass the demands of target applications. Our metamaterials not only substantially mitigate the temperature rise in heat-generating devices exposed to solar irradiance but also enhance the thermal management of devices in dark conditions. The light output performance of light-emitting diodes in displays on which the metamaterials are deployed is greatly enhanced by suppressing the performance deterioration associated with thermalization.
Unravelling the spatial directionality of urban mobility
Authors: Zhao Pengjun , Wang Hao , Liu Qiyang , Yan Xiao-Yong , Li Jingzhong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAs it is central to sustainable urban development, urban mobility has primarily been scrutinised for its scaling and hierarchical properties. However, traditional analyses frequently overlook spatial directionality, a critical factor in city centre congestion and suburban development. Here, we apply vector computation to unravel the spatial directionality of urban mobility, introducing a two-dimensional anisotropy-centripetality metric. Utilising travel data from 90 million mobile users across 60 Chinese cities, we effectively quantify mobility patterns through this metric, distinguishing between strong monocentric, weak monocentric, and polycentric patterns. Our findings highlight a notable difference: residents in monocentric cities face increasing commuting distances as cities expand, in contrast to the consistent commuting patterns observed in polycentric cities. Notably, mobility anisotropy intensifies in the outskirts of monocentric cities, whereas it remains uniform in polycentric settings. Additionally, centripetality wanes as one moves from the urban core, with a steeper decline observed in polycentric cities. Finally, we reveal that employment attraction strength and commuting distance scaling are key to explaining these divergent urban mobility patterns. These insights are important for shaping effective policies aimed at alleviating congestion and guiding suburban housing development.
Deciphering bat influenza H18N11 infection dynamics in male Jamaican fruit bats on a single-cell level
Authors: Kessler Susanne , Burke Bradly , Andrieux Geoffroy , Schinköthe Jan , Hamberger Lea , Kacza Johannes , Zhan Shijun , Reasoner Clara , Dutt Taru S. , Kaukab Osman Maria , Henao-Tamayo Marcela , Staniek Julian , Villena Ossa Jose Francisco , Frank Dalit T. , Ma Wenjun , Ulrich Reiner , Cathomen Toni , Boerries Melanie , Rizzi Marta , Beer Martin , Schwemmle Martin , Reuther Peter , Schountz Tony , Ciminski Kevin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractJamaican fruit bats (Artibeus jamaicensis) naturally harbor a wide range of viruses of human relevance. These infections are typically mild in bats, suggesting unique features of their immune system. To better understand the immune response to viral infections in bats, we infected male Jamaican fruit bats with the bat-derived influenza A virus (IAV) H18N11. Using comparative single-cell RNA sequencing, we generated single-cell atlases of the Jamaican fruit bat intestine and mesentery. Gene expression profiling showed that H18N11 infection resulted in a moderate induction of interferon-stimulated genes and transcriptional activation of immune cells. H18N11 infection was predominant in various leukocytes, including macrophages, B cells, and NK/T cells. Confirming these findings, human leukocytes, particularly macrophages, were also susceptible to H18N11, highlighting the zoonotic potential of this bat-derived IAV. Our study provides insight into a natural virus-host relationship and thus serves as a fundamental resource for future in-depth characterization of bat immunology.
Internal water circulation mediated synergistic co-hydrolysis of PET/cotton textile blends in gamma-valerolactone
Authors: Zhang Shun , Xu Wenhao , Du Rongcheng , Yan Lei , Liu Xuehui , Xu Shimei , Wang Yu-Zhong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRecycling strategies for mixed plastics and textile blends currently aim for recycling only one of the components. Here, we demonstrate a water coupling strategy to co-hydrolyze polyester/cotton textile blends into polymer monomers and platform chemicals in gamma-valerolactone. The blends display a proclivity for achieving an augmented 5-hydroxymethylfurfural yield relative to the degradation of cotton alone. Controlled experiments and preliminary mechanistic studies underscore that the primary driver behind this heightened conversion rate lies in the internal water circulation. The swelling and dissolving effect of gamma-valerolactone on polyester enables a fast hydrolysis of polyester at much lower concentration of acid than the one in the traditional hydrolysis methods, effectively mitigating the excessive degradation of cotton-derived product and undesirable product formation. In addition, the system is also applicable to different kinds of blends and PET mixed plastics. This strategy develops an attractive path for managing end-of-life textiles in a sustainable and efficient way.
Exploring brain plasticity in developmental dyslexia through implicit sequence learning
Authors: Olivo Gaia , Persson Jonas , Hedenius Martina 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDevelopmental dyslexia (DD) is defined as difficulties in learning to read even with normal intelligence and adequate educational guidance. Deficits in implicit sequence learning (ISL) abilities have been reported in children with DD. We investigated brain plasticity in a group of 17 children with DD, compared with 18 typically developing (TD) children, after two sessions of training on a serial reaction time (SRT) task with a 24-h interval. Our outcome measures for the task were: a sequence-specific implicit learning measure (ISL), entailing implicit recognition and learning of sequential associations; and a general visuomotor skill learning measure (GSL). Gray matter volume (GMV) increased, and white matter volume (WMV) decreased from day 1 to day 2 in cerebellar areas regardless of group. A moderating effect of group was found on the correlation between WMV underlying the left precentral gyrus at day 2 and the change in ISL performance, suggesting the use of different underlying learning mechanisms in DD and TD children during the ISL task. Moreover, DD had larger WMV in the posterior thalamic radiation compared with TD, supporting previous reports of atypical development of this structure in DD. Further studies with larger sample sizes are warranted to validate these results.
Enhancing mass spectrometry imaging accessibility using convolutional autoencoders for deriving hypoxia-associated peptides from tumors
Authors: Bitto Verena , Hönscheid Pia , Besso María José , Sperling Christian , Kurth Ina , Baumann Michael , Brors Benedikt 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMass spectrometry imaging (MSI) allows to study cancer’s intratumoral heterogeneity through spatially-resolved peptides, metabolites and lipids. Yet, in biomedical research MSI is rarely used for biomarker discovery. Besides its high dimensionality and multicollinearity, mass spectrometry (MS) technologies typically output mass-to-charge ratio values but not the biochemical compounds of interest. Our framework makes particularly low-abundant signals in MSI more accessible. We utilized convolutional autoencoders to aggregate features associated with tumor hypoxia, a parameter with significant spatial heterogeneity, in cancer xenograft models. We highlight that MSI captures these low-abundant signals and that autoencoders can preserve them in their latent space. The relevance of individual hyperparameters is demonstrated through ablation experiments, and the contribution from original features to latent features is unraveled. Complementing MSI with tandem MS from the same tumor model, multiple hypoxia-associated peptide candidates were derived. Compared to random forests alone, our autoencoder approach yielded more biologically relevant insights for biomarker discovery.
Virus-like structures for combination antigen protein mRNA vaccination
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Li Yanmei , Zeng Fengyuan , Mu Changyong , Liu Change , Wang Lichun , Peng Xiaowu , He Liping , Su Yanrui , Li Hongbing , Wang An , Feng Lin , Gao Dongxiu , Zhang Zhixiao , Xu Gang , Wang Yixuan , Yue Rong , Si Junbo , Zheng Lichun , Zhang Xiong , He Fuyun , Yi Hongkun , Tang Zhongshu , Li Gaocan , Ma Kaili , Li Qihan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractImproved vaccination requires better delivery of antigens and activation of the natural immune response. Here we report a lipid nanoparticle system with the capacity to carry antigens, including mRNA and proteins, which is formed into a virus-like structure by surface decoration with spike proteins, demonstrating application against SARS-CoV-2 variants. The strategy uses S1 protein from Omicron BA.1 on the surface to deliver mRNA of S1 protein from XBB.1. The virus-like particle enables specific augmentation of mRNAs expressed in human respiratory epithelial cells and macrophages via the interaction the surface S1 protein with ACE2 or DC-SIGN receptors. Activation of macrophages and dendritic cells is demonstrated by the same receptor binding. The combination of protein and mRNA increases the antibody response in BALB/c mice compared with mRNA and protein vaccines alone. Our exploration of the mechanism of this robust immunity suggests it might involve cross-presentation to diverse subsets of dendritic cells ranging from activated innate immune signals to adaptive immune signals.
A fundus image dataset for intelligent retinopathy of prematurity system
Authors: Zhao Xinyu , Chen Shaobin , Zhang Sifan , Liu Yaling , Hu Yarou , Yuan Duo , Xie Liqiong , Luo Xiayuan , Zheng Mianying , Tian Ruyin , Chen Yi , Tan Tao , Yu Zhen , Sun Yue , Wu Zhenquan , Zhang Guoming 
Published: May 2024

AbstractImage-based artificial intelligence (AI) systems stand as the major modality for evaluating ophthalmic conditions. However, most of the currently available AI systems are designed for experimental research using single-central datasets. Most of them fell short of application in real-world clinical settings. In this study, we collected a dataset of 1,099 fundus images in both normal and pathologic eyes from 483 premature infants for intelligent retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) system development and validation. Dataset diversity was visualized with a spatial scatter plot. Image classification was conducted by three annotators. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the largest fundus datasets on ROP, and we believe it is conducive to the real-world application of AI systems.
Development of a novel Colorimetric Assay for the rapid diagnosis of Coronavirus disease 2019 from nasopharyngeal samples
Authors: Sepahi Neda , Samsami Sahar , Mansoori Yaser , Chenari Maryam , Namavari Negin , Yazdanpanah Ava , Ghasemian Abdolmajid , Montaseri Zahra , Sharifzadeh Mahboobeh , Ranjbar Razie , Namavari Sahar , Ghanbariasad Ali 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEmergence of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed a huge threat to public health. Rapid and reliable test to diagnose infected subjects is crucial for disease spread control. We developed a colorimetric test for COVID-19 detection using a Colorimetric Assay based on thiol-linked RNA modified gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and oligonucleotide probes. This method was conducted on RNA from 200 pharyngeal swab samples initially tested by Real-Time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) as gold standard. A specific oligonucleotide probe designed based on ORF1ab of COVID-19 was functionalized with AuNPs-probe conjugate. The exposure of AuNP-probe to isolated RNA samples was tested using hybridization. In this comparative study, the colorimetric functionalized AuNPs assay exhibited a detection limit of 25 copies/µL. It was higher in comparison to the RT-PCR method, which could only detect 15 copies/µL. The results demonstrated 100% specificity and 96% sensitivity for the developed method. Herein, we developed an incredibly rapid, simple and cost-effective Colorimetric Assay lasting approximately 30 min which could process considerably higher number of COVID-19 samples compared to the RT-PCR. This AuNP-probe conjugate colorimetric method could be considered the optimum alternatives for conventional diagnostic tools especially in over-populated and/or low-income countries.
Network pharmacology, molecular docking, and dynamics analyses to predict the antiviral activity of ginger constituents against coronavirus infection
Authors: Samy Asmaa , Hassan Afnan , Hegazi Nesrine M. , Farid Mai , Elshafei Moustafa 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCOVID-19 is a global pandemic that caused a dramatic loss of human life worldwide, leading to accelerated research for antiviral drug discovery. Herbal medicine is one of the most commonly used alternative medicine for the prevention and treatment of many conditions including respiratory system diseases. In this study, a computational pipeline was employed, including network pharmacology, molecular docking simulations, and molecular dynamics simulations, to analyze the common phytochemicals of ginger rhizomes and identify candidate constituents as viral inhibitors. Furthermore, experimental assays were performed to analyze the volatile and non-volatile compounds of ginger and to assess the antiviral activity of ginger oil and hydroalcoholic extract. Network pharmacology analysis showed that ginger compounds target human genes that are involved in related cellular processes to the viral infection. Docking analysis highlighted five pungent compounds and zingiberenol as potential inhibitors for the main protease (Mpro), spike receptor-binding domain (RBD), and human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Then, (6)-gingerdiacetate was selected for molecular dynamics (MD) simulations as it exhibited the best binding interactions and free energies over the three target proteins. Trajectories analysis of the three complexes showed that RBD and ACE2 complexes with the ligand preserved similar patterns of root mean square deviation (RMSD) and radius of gyration (Rg) values to their respective native structures. Finally, experimental validation of the ginger hydroalcoholic extract confirmed the existence of (6)-gingerdiacetate and revealed the strong antiviral activity of the hydroalcoholic extract with IC$$_{50}$$

50

of 2.727 $$\upmu \hbox {g}/\hbox {ml}$$

μ
g
/
ml

. Our study provides insights into the potential antiviral activity of (6)-gingerdiacetate that may enhance the host immune response and block RBD binding to ACE2, thereby, inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Voronoi cell finite element method for heat conduction analysis of composite materials
Authors: Chen Siqi , Hu Changhao , Tian Jingjie , Tan Dawen , Gong Yuqiang , Xia Fan , Ning Shaoqing , Zhang Rui 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this paper, Voronoi cell finite element method (VCFEM) based on assumed flux hybrid formulation has been presented for heat conduction problem of particle reinforced composites material. The heat fluxes satisfying a priori internal thermal balance are directly approximated independently in the matrix and the inclusion respectively. The temperatures on element boundary and matrix-inclusion interface are interpolated by nodal temperature. The thermal balance on the interelement boundary and matrix-inclusion interface is relaxed and introduced into the functional by taking the temperature as Lagrange multiplier. In this way, a functional containing two variables of heat flux and temperature is proposed. Full field heat flux and effective thermal conductivity are obtained. Feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach are verified through several numerical examples.
Glucose uptake in trophoblasts of GDM mice is regulated by the AMPK-CLUT3 signaling pathway
Authors: Xiao Zhenghua , Liu Xue , Luan Xiaojin , Duan Ran , Peng Wei , Tong Chao , Qiao Juan , Qi Hongbo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGDM, as a metabolic disease during pregnancy, regulates GLUT3 translocation by AMPK, thereby affecting glucose uptake in trophoblasts. It provides a new research idea and therapeutic target for alleviating intrauterine hyperglycemia in GDM. STZ was used to construct GDM mice, inject AICAR into pregnant mice, and observe fetal and placental weight; flow cytometry was employed for the detection of glucose uptake by primary trophoblast cells; immunofluorescence was applied to detect the localization of GLUT3 and AMPK in placental tissue; Cocofal microscope was used to detect the localization of GLUT3 in trophoblast cells;qRT-PCR and Western blot experiments were carried out to detect the expression levels of GLUT3 and AMPK in placental tissue; CO-IP was utilized to detect the interaction of GLUT3 and AMPK. Compared with the normal pregnancy group, the weight of the fetus and placenta of GDM mice increased (P < 0.001), and the ability of trophoblasts to take up glucose decreased (P < 0.001). In addition, AMPK activity in trophoblasts and membrane localization of GLUT3 in GDM mice were down-regulated compared with normal pregnant mice (P < 0.05). There is an interaction between GLUT3 and AMPK. Activating AMPK in trophoblasts can up-regulate the expression of GLUT3 membrane protein in trophoblasts of mice (P < 0.05) and increase the glucose uptake of trophoblasts (P < 0.05). We speculate that inhibition of AMPK activity in GDM mice results in aberrant localization of GLUT3, which in turn attenuates glucose uptake by placental trophoblast cells. AICAR activates AMPK to increase the membrane localization of GLUT3 and improve the glucose uptake capacity of trophoblasts.
AI-based model for automatic identification of multiple sclerosis based on enhanced sea-horse optimizer and MRI scans
Authors: Khattap Mohamed G. , Abd Elaziz Mohamed , Hassan Hend Galal Eldeen Mohamed Ali , Elgarayhi Ahmed , Sallah Mohammed 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study aims to develop an AI-enhanced methodology for the expedited and accurate diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis (MS), a chronic disease affecting the central nervous system leading to progressive impairment. Traditional diagnostic methods are slow and require substantial expertise, underscoring the need for innovative solutions. Our approach involves two phases: initially, extracting features from brain MRI images using first-order histograms, the gray level co-occurrence matrix, and local binary patterns. A unique feature selection technique combining the Sine Cosine Algorithm with the Sea-horse Optimizer is then employed to identify the most significant features. Utilizing the eHealth lab dataset, which includes images from 38 MS patients (mean age 34.1 ± 10.5 years; 17 males, 21 females) and matched healthy controls, our model achieved a remarkable 97.97% detection accuracy using the k-nearest neighbors classifier. Further validation on a larger dataset containing 262 MS cases (199 females, 63 males; mean age 31.26 ± 10.34 years) and 163 healthy individuals (109 females, 54 males; mean age 32.35 ± 10.30 years) demonstrated a 92.94% accuracy for FLAIR images and 91.25% for T2-weighted images with the Random Forest classifier, outperforming existing MS detection methods. These results highlight the potential of the proposed technique as a clinical decision-making tool for the early identification and management of MS.
Age-related changes of intraocular pressure in Dutch belted rabbits
Authors: Shin Young In , Kim Young Kook , Jeoung Jin Wook , Park Ki Ho 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study investigated intraocular pressure (IOP) in Dutch belted rabbits using two different tonometers, rebound tonometry (TonoVet Plus; TVP) and a Tonopen (Tono-Pen AVIA Vet; TPA). Post-pubescent male Dutch belted rabbits aged 36 weeks (n = 10 animals) were used in the study. IOP measurements were conducted every 2 weeks for 22 weeks using TVP and TPA on both eyes of each rabbit. The average IOP measurements were compared by the paired Student’s t-test. Pairwise Pearson’s correlation coefficients and Bland–Altman statistics were used. The overall mean IOP measured with TPA was significantly higher than that with TVP (23.5 ± 4.9 vs. 21.8 ± 2.4 mmHg for the right eyes; P = 0.045, and 23.0 ± 4.7 vs. 21.5 ± 2.4 mmHg for the left eyes; P = 0.047). Both tonometers tended to show increased IOP readings with age, and positive correlations between IOP and age were observed with both TPA (r = 0.95, P < 0.001 for right eyes; r = 0.95, P < 0.001 for left eyes) and TVP (r = 0.91, P < 0.001 for right eyes; r = 0.64, P = 0.024 for left eyes). The average bias calculated by subtracting TPA from TVP was − 1.60 (95% confidence intervals − 1.927, − 1.281) mmHg. IOP in post-pubescent Dutch belted rabbits tended to increase with age throughout the 22 week study.
Contrasting mineralized and barren porphyries in the Zhongdian Arc, insights from biotite and apatite compositions and halogen fugacity
Authors: Pan Yanning , Dong Guochen , Tsunogae Toshiaki , Wang Peng , Li Xuefeng , Dong Pengsheng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCopper mineralization in the Pulang (PL) porphyry deposit, Langdu (LD) porphyry-skarn deposit and Songnuo (SN) porphyry prospect in northwestern Yunnan, China, is closely related to the emplacement of quartz monzonite porphyries. The chemical compositions of biotite and apatite from those porphyries were analyzed to calculate the halogen fugacity and to constrain mineralized and barren porphyries. Our data show that biotites from the PL deposit have higher MgO, SiO2, TiO2 and F contents than those from the LD deposit or SN prospect. Compared to those in the LD deposit and SN prospect, the Mg (atoms per formula unit (apfu)) and AlVI (apfu) value in biotite is greater, and the F content is greater and the SO3 and Ce2O3/Y2O3 ratio in apatite are lower in the PL deposit. Ti-biotite thermometry and apatite-biotite geothermometry show that the crystallization temperature of biotite from the PL deposit is higher than that from the SN prospect or LD deposit. The results suggest that oxygen fugacity, magmatic sulfur, and H2O contents cannot be used to efficiently distinguish the PL deposit from the LD deposit and SN prospect. However, the halogen chemistry of biotite from the PL deposit is distinctly different from that of the LD deposit or SN prospect according to the lower IV (F), indicating that mineralized quartz monzonite porphyries in the PL deposit formed during the late magmatic stage, which is in contrast to those in the LD deposit and SN prospect. The mineralized porphyries display a remarkable negative linear relationship (r = − 0.96) with the log (f HF/f HCl) and log (f H2O/f HF) ratio, which can be used to distinguish the mineralized and barren porphyries. Compared with other typical porphyry Cu systems, there is a remarkable positive linear relationship between IV (Cl) and log (f H2O/f HCl). In addition, the linear slope and intercept for log (f H2O/f HCl) ratios and the IV (Cl) of biotite from the potassic and phyllic alteration zones are significantly greater than those from other porphyries.