bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating the Maximum Attainable Efficiency in Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Snaith Henry J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractFor an ideal solar cell, a maximum solar‐to‐electrical power conversion efficiency of just over 30% is achievable by harvesting UV to near IR photons up to 1.1 eV. Dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSCs) are, however, not ideal. Here, the electrical and optical losses in the dye‐sensitized system are reviewed, and the main losses in potential from the conversion of an absorbed photon at the optical bandgap of the sensitizer to the open‐circuit voltage generated by the solar cell are specifically highlighted. In the first instance, the maximum power conversion efficiency attainable as a function of optical bandgap of the sensitizer and the “loss‐in‐potential” from the optical bandgap to the open‐circuit voltage is estimated. For the best performing DSCs with current technology, the loss‐in‐potential is ∼0.75 eV, which leads to a maximum power‐conversion efficiency of 13.4% with an optical bandgap of 1.48 eV (840 nm absorption onset). Means by which the loss‐in‐potential could be reduced to 0.4 eV are discussed; a maximum efficiency of 20.25% with an optical bandgap of 1.31 eV (940 nm) is possible if this is achieved.
Leukocytosis is a risk factor for recurrent arterial thrombosis in young patients with polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia
Authors: De Stefano Valerio , Za Tommaso , Rossi Elena , Vannucchi Alessandro M. , Ruggeri Marco , Elli Elena , Micò Caterina , Tieghi Alessia , Cacciola Rossella R. , Santoro Cristina , Gerli Giancarla , Guglielmelli Paola , Pieri Lisa , Scognamiglio Francesca , Rodeghiero Francesco , Pogliani Enrico M. , Finazzi Guido , Gugliotta Luigi , Leone Giuseppe , Barbui Tiziano 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThere is evidence that leukocytosis is associated with an increased risk of first thrombosis in patients with polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET). Whether it is a risk factor for recurrent thrombosis too is currently unknown. In the frame of a multicenter retrospective cohort study, we recruited 253 patients with PV (n = 133) or ET (n = 120), who were selected on the basis of a first arterial (70%) or venous major thrombosis (27.6%) or both (2.4%), and who were not receiving cytoreduction at the time of thrombosis. The probability of recurrent thrombosis associated with the leukocyte count recorded at the time of the first thrombosis was estimated by a receiver operating characteristic analysis and a multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model. Thrombosis recurred in 78 patients (30.7%); multivariable analysis showed an independent risk of arterial recurrence (hazard ratio [HR] 2.16, 95% CI 1.12–4.18) in patients with a leukocyte count that was >12.4 × 109/L at the time of the first thrombotic episode. The prognostic role for leukocytosis was age‐related, as it was only significant in patients that were aged <60 years (HR for arterial recurrence 3.35, 95% CI 1.22–9.19). Am. J. Hematol., 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regional, ontogenetic, and sex‐related variations in elastic properties of cortical bone in baboon mandibles
Authors: Wang Qian , Ashley Dennis W. , Dechow Paul C. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanical features of cortical bone and their changes with growth and adaptation to function plays an important role in our ability to interpret the morphology and evolution of craniofacial skeletons. We assessed the elastic properties of cortical bone of juvenile and adult baboon mandibles using ultrasonic techniques. Results showed that, overall, cortical bone from baboon mandibles could be modeled as an orthotropic elastic solid. There were significant differences in the directions of maximum stiffness, thickness, density, and elastic stiffness among different functional areas, indicating regional adaptations. After maturity, the cortical bone becomes thicker, denser, and stiffer, but less anisotropic. There were differences in elastic properties of the corpus and ramus between male and female mandibles which are not observed in human mandibles. There were correlations between cortical thicknesses and densities, between bone elastic properties and microstructural configuration, and between the directions of maximum stiffness and bone anatomical axes in some areas. The relationships between bone extrinsic and intrinsic properties bring us insights into the integration of form and function in craniofacial skeletons and suggest that we need to consider both macroscopic form, microstructural variation, and the material properties of bone matrix when studying the functional properties and adaptive nature of the craniofacial skeleton in primates. The differences between baboon and human mandibles is at variance to the pattern of differences in crania, suggesting differences in bone adaption to varying skeletal geometries and loading regimes at both phylogenetic and ontogenetic levels. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Male preferences for female waist‐to‐hip ratio and body mass index in the highlands of Papua New Guinea
Authors: Dixson Barnaby J. , Sagata Katayo , Linklater Wayne L. , Dixson Alan F. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractOne hundred men, living in three villages in a remote region of the Eastern Highlands of Papua New Guinea were asked to judge the attractiveness of photographs of women who had undergone micrograft surgery to reduce their waist‐to‐hip ratios (WHRs). Micrograft surgery involves harvesting adipose tissue from the waist and reshaping the buttocks to produce a low WHR and an “hourglass” female figure. Men consistently chose postoperative photographs as being more attractive than preoperative photographs of the same women. Some women gained, and some lost weight, postoperatively, with resultant changes in body mass index (BMI). However, changes in BMI were not related to men's judgments of attractiveness. These results show that the hourglass female figure is rated as attractive by men living in a remote, indigenous community, and that when controlling for BMI, WHR plays a crucial role in their attractiveness judgments. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Apparent density of the primate calcaneo‐cuboid joint and its association with locomotor mode, foot posture, and the “midtarsal break”
Authors: Nowak Matthew G. , Carlson Kristian J. , Patel Biren A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPrimates use a range of locomotor modes during which they incorporate various foot postures. Humans are unique compared with other primates in that humans lack a mobile fore‐ and midfoot. Rigidity in the human foot is often attributed to increased propulsive and stability requirements during bipedalism. Conversely, fore‐ and midfoot mobility in nonhuman primates facilitates locomotion in arboreal settings. Here, we evaluated apparent density (AD) in the subchondral bone of human, ape, and monkey calcanei exhibiting different types of foot loading. We used computed tomography osteoabsorptiometry and maximum intensity projection (MIP) maps to visualize AD in subchondral bone at the cuboid articular surface of calcanei. MIPs represent 3D volumes (of subchondral bone) condensed into 2D images by extracting AD maxima from columns of voxels comprising the volumes. False‐color maps are assigned to MIPs by binning pixels in the 2D images according to brightness values. We compared quantities and distributions of AD pixels in the highest bin to test predictions relating AD patterns to habitual locomotor modes and foot posture categories of humans and several nonhuman primates. Nonhuman primates exhibit dorsally positioned high AD concentrations, where maximum compressive loading between the calcaneus and cuboid likely occurs during “midtarsal break” of support. Humans exhibit less widespread areas of high AD, which could reflect reduced fore‐ and midfoot mobility. Analysis of the internal morphology of the tarsus, such as subchondral bone AD, potentially offers new insights for evaluating primate foot function during locomotion. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Body proportions of circumpolar peoples as evidenced from skeletal data: Ipiutak and Tigara (Point Hope) versus Kodiak Island Inuit
Authors: Holliday Trenton W. , Hilton Charles E. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractGiven the well‐documented fact that human body proportions covary with climate (presumably due to the action of selection), one would expect that the Ipiutak and Tigara Inuit samples from Point Hope, Alaska, would be characterized by an extremely cold‐adapted body shape. Comparison of the Point Hope Inuit samples to a large (n > 900) sample of European and European‐derived, African and African‐derived, and Native American skeletons (including Koniag Inuit from Kodiak Island, Alaska) confirms that the Point Hope Inuit evince a cold‐adapted body form, but analyses also reveal some unexpected results. For example, one might suspect that the Point Hope samples would show a more cold‐adapted body form than the Koniag, given their more extreme environment, but this is not the case. Additionally, univariate analyses seldom show the Inuit samples to be more cold‐adapted in body shape than Europeans, and multivariate cluster analyses that include a myriad of body shape variables such as femoral head diameter, bi‐iliac breadth, and limb segment lengths fail to effectively separate the Inuit samples from Europeans. In fact, in terms of body shape, the European and the Inuit samples tend to be cold‐adapted and tend to be separated in multivariate space from the more tropically adapted Africans, especially those groups from south of the Sahara. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fungicide Activity of 5‐(4‐Chlorobenzylidene)‐(Z)‐2‐dimethylamino‐1,3‐thiazol‐4‐one against Cryptococcus Neoformans
Authors: Insuasty Braulio , Gutiérrez Alexander , Quiroga Jairo , Abonia Rodrigo , Nogueras Manuel , Cobo Justo , Svetaz Laura , Raimondi Marcela , Zacchino Susana 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe present work describes the synthesis and antifungal evaluation of new 5‐arylidene‐(Z)‐2‐dimethylamino‐1,3‐thiazol‐4‐ones 4a–f, obtained by the reaction of aromatic aldehydes 1 and rhodanine 2 followed by treatment with DMF. All compounds were tested against a panel of yeasts, hialohyphomycetes, and dermatophytes using the microbroth dilution method. Compounds 4a and 4c showed antifungal activity, with compound 4a being the most active one. Compound 4a demonstrated to be fungicidal rather than fungistatic and selective activity against Cryptococcus neoformans and dermatophytes. MIC100, MIC80, and MIC50 of 4a were determined against a panel of clinical isolates of C. neoformans showing ranges of MICs between 2 and 16 μg/mL.
Synthesis and Antistaphylococcal Activity of N‐Substituted‐1H‐benzimidazole‐sulphonamides
Authors: Püsküllü M. Orhan , Yıldız Sulhiye , Göker Hakan 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA series of N‐substituted‐1H‐benzimidazole‐5(6)‐sulfonamides and 3‐(5,6‐dichloro‐1H‐benzimidazol‐2‐yl)‐N‐substituted benzensulfonamides were synthesized and evaluated for antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Certain compounds inhibit bacterial growth with low MIC (μg/mL) values. The most active compounds 30, 31, and 32 have the lowest MIC values with 0.39 to 0.19 μg/mL. Among the compounds having sulfonamido moities, 16, 23, and 24 exhibited the strongest antibacterial activity with 1.56 μg/mL MIC values.
Meta‐evaluation in clinical anatomy: A practical application of item response theory in multiple choice examinations
Authors: Severo Milton , Tavares Maria A. Ferreira 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe nature of anatomy education has changed substantially in recent decades, though the traditional multiple‐choice written examination remains the cornerstone of assessing students' knowledge. This study sought to measure the quality of a clinical anatomy multiple‐choice final examination using item response theory (IRT) models. One hundred seventy‐six students took a multiple‐choice clinical anatomy examination. One‐ and two‐parameter IRT models (difficulty and discrimination parameters) were used to assess item quality. The two‐parameter IRT model demonstrated a wide range in item difficulty, with a median of −1.0 and range from −2.0 to 0.0 (25th to 75th percentile). Similar results were seen for discrimination (median 0.6; range 0.4–0.8). The test information curve achieved maximum discrimination for an ability level one standard deviation below the average. There were 15 items with standardized loading less than 0.3, which was due to several factors: two items had two correct responses, one was not well constructed, two were too easy, and the others revealed a lack of detailed knowledge by students. The test used in this study was more effective in discriminating students of lower ability than those of higher ability. Overall, the quality of the examination in clinical anatomy was confirmed by the IRT models. Anat Sci Educ 3:17–24, 2010. © 2009 American Association of Anatomists.
Transcription‐blocking DNA damage in aging: a mechanism for hormesis
Authors: Schumacher Björn 
Published: November 2009

AbstractRecent evidence from studies on DNA repair systems that are implicated in accelerated aging syndromes, have revealed a mechanism through which low levels of persistent damage might exert beneficial effects for both cancer prevention and longevity assurance. Beneficial effects of adaptive responses to low doses of insults that in higher concentrations show adverse effects are generally referred to as hormesis. There are numerous examples of hormetic effects ranging from mild stresses of irradiation to heat stress, hypergravity, pro‐oxidants, or food restriction. Although the notion of hormesis is supported by many observations in various organisms, at least two major caveats have thus far prevented the application of hormesis for disease prevention in humans. First, the very nature of hormesis using toxins as a treatment regimen harbors the inherent danger of detrimental consequences. Second, the molecular mechanisms through which insults might exert beneficial effects have thus far remained elusive. Here, I discuss a mechanistic basis for hormesis and its implications for cancer prevention and healthy aging.
Conformations within soluble oligomers and insoluble aggregates revealed by resonance energy transfer
Authors: Digambaranath Jyothi L. , Dang Loan , Dembinska Monika , Vasyluk Andrew , Finke John M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA fluorescently labeled 20‐residue polyglutamic acid (polyE) peptide 20 amino acid length polyglutamic acid (E20) was used to study structural changes which occur in E20 as it co‐aggregates with other unlabeled polyE peptides. Resonance energy transfer (RET) was performed using an o‐aminobenzamide donor at the N‐terminus and 3‐nitrotyrosine acceptor at the C‐terminus of E20. PolyE aggregates were not defined as amyloid, as they were nonfibrillar and did not bind congo red. Circular dichroism measurements indicate that polyE aggregation involves a transition from α‐helical monomers to aggregated β‐sheets. Soluble oligomers are also produced along with aggregates in the reaction, as determined through size exclusion chromatography. Time‐resolved and steady‐state RET measurements reveal four dominant E20 conformations: (1) a partially collapsed conformation (24 Å donor–acceptor distance) in monomers, (2) an extended conformation in soluble oligomers (>29 Å donor–acceptor distance), (3) a minor partially collapsed conformation (22 Å donor‐acceptor distance) in aggregates, and (4) a major highly collapsed conformation (13 Å donor–acceptor distance) in aggregates. These findings demonstrate the use of RET as a means of determining angstrom‐level structural details of soluble oligomer and aggregated states of proteins. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 93: 299–317, 2010.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
ChemInform Abstract: Electronic Structure of the A8Tr11 (A: K, Rb, Cs; Tr: Ga, In, Tl) Zintl Phases: Possible Chemical Reasons Behind Their Activated versus Non‐Activated Conductivity
Authors: Cobian Manuel , Alemany Pere , Garcia Alberto , Canadell Enric 
Published: November 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermoelectric Properties and Electronic Structure Calculations of Low Thermal Conductivity Zintl Phase Series M16X11 (M: Ca and Yb; X: Sb and Bi).
Authors: Ponnambalam V. , Gao X. , Lindsey S. , Alboni P. , Su Zhe , Zhang B. , Drymiotis F. , Daw M. S. , Tritt Terry M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of NaBH4 Based on a Solid‐State Reaction under Ar Atmosphere.
Authors: Zhang Hanping , Zheng Shiyou , Fang Fang , Chen Guorong , Sang Ge , Sun Dalin 
Published: November 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of BaCe0.8Sm0.1Gd0.1O3‐δ Electrolyte by a Sol‐Combustion Method.
Authors: Cheng Jihai , Bao Weitao , Zhu Dechun , Tian Changan , Yin Qiyi , Ding Ming 
Published: November 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal, Electronic Structures, Optical and Magnetic Properties of Tb4Al2O9.
Authors: Li Y. Q. , Hirosaki N. , Xie R. J. , Takeda T. , Lofland S. E. , Ramanujachary K. V. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Simplified Ketimine Preparation.
Authors: Thienthong Neeranat , Bergman Ylva E. , Perlmutter Patrick 
Published: November 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Trifluoromethyl‐Substituted Arenes, Cyclohexenones and Pyran‐4‐ones by Cyclocondensation of 1,3‐Bis(silyloxy)‐1,3‐butadienes with 4,4‐Dimethoxy‐1,1,1‐trifluorobut‐3‐en‐2‐one: Influence of the Lewis Acid on the Product Distribution.
Authors: Bunescu Alina , Reimann Sebastian , Lubbe Mathias , Spannenberg Anke , Langer Peter 
Published: November 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐Enhanced Diastereo‐ and Regioselectivity in the Pd(II)‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Six‐ and Eight‐Membered Heterocycles via cis‐Aminopalladation.
Authors: Balazs Arpad , Hetenyi Anasztazia , Szakonyi Zsolt , Sillanpaeae Reijo , Fueloep Ferenc 
Published: November 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Oxidation of Alcohols and Polyarenes with Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromochromate.
Authors: Mohammadi Mohammad Kazem , Ghammamy Shahriare , Imanieh Hossein 
Published: November 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Microwave‐Assisted Selective Azido Reduction/Tandem Cyclization in Condensed and Solid Phase with Nickel Boride.
Authors: Shankaraiah Nagula , Markandeya Nagula , Espinoza‐Moraga Marlene , Arancibia Claudia , Kamal Ahmed , Santos Leonardo Silva 
Published: November 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Synthesis of α‐Trifluoromethyl‐β‐aryl Enamines or Vinylogous Guanidinium Salts by Treatment of β‐Halo‐β‐trifluoromethylstyrenes with Secondary Amines under Different Conditions.
Authors: Muzalevskiy Vasiliy M. , Nenajdenko Valentine G. , Rulev Alexander Yu. , Ushakov Igor A. , Romanenko Galina V. , Shastin Aleksey V. , Balenkova Elizabeth S. , Haufe Guenter 
Published: November 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium(0)‐Catalyzed, Copper(I)‐Mediated Coupling of Cyclic Thioamides with Alkenylboronic Acids, Organostannanes, and Siloxanes.
Authors: Arshad Nuzhat , Hashim Jamshed , Kappe C. Oliver 
Published: November 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Triselenium Dicyanide (TSD): A New Catalyst for the Facile Synthesis of Heteroins Including Pteroin and Quinoxaloin under Microwave Heating.
Authors: Goswami Shyamaprosad , Maity Annada C. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.