bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between prostate‐specific antigen and obesity in prostate cancer screening: Analysis of a large cohort in Japan
Authors: Kubota Yasuaki , Seike Kensaku , Maeda Shinichi , Shinohara Yuka , Iwata Masamitsu , Sugimoto Norio 
Published: November 2010

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that lower prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) levels in obese men might decrease the sensitivity of prostate cancer screening, leading to delayed diagnosis and unfavorable prognosis. We examined whether the effect of obesity is important in prostate cancer screening of Japanese men, who have a low prevalence of obesity. We analyzed 19 294 male subjects from a large cohort of Toyota Motor Corporation (TMC) employees (aged >50 years, serum PSA level ≤4.0 ng/mL) who underwent physical examinations from August 2006 to December 2009. The relationship between PSA level and obesity‐related factors was analyzed by simple and multiple regression analysis. The relationships between six body mass index (BMI) categories, and PSA level and PSA mass (PSA concentration × plasma volume) were analyzed. PSA level decreased significantly with increasing BMI, but the coefficient of determination was very low. Mean PSA values decreased from 1.02 to 0.85 ng/mL as BMI increased from underweight (BMI <18.5) to morbidly obese (BMI >35). However, PSA mass peaked in the overweight category and was slightly reduced with increasing BMI. On multiple regression analysis, PSA level was influenced by age, diastolic blood pressure and high‐density lipoprotein as well as BMI. We found an inverse but weak relationship between PSA level and BMI. Obesity seems to have very limited influence on prostate cancer screening in this population. Nonetheless, when considering indications for prostatic biopsy in obese men, we should be aware that the hemodilution effect might reduce PSA levels.
Laparoscopic donor nephrectomy
Authors: He Bulang , Mitchell Andrew , Delriviere Luc , Shannon Tom , Pemberton Richard , Tan Andrew , Bremner Alexandra , Vivian Justin 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackground:  Kidney transplantation is a definitive treatment of end‐stage renal disease. Laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (LDN) has been widely accepted around the world since its introduction in 1995 as a minimum invasive procedure. We report our clinical experience of 141 consecutive LDNs performed in two tertiary hospitals in Western Australia.Methods:  From December 2000 (Royal Perth Hospital) and January 2005 (Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital) to January 2009, 141 LDNs were performed in two tertiary hospitals by four urologists. All donors underwent rigorous work‐up prior to surgery. Donor age ranged from 23 years to 81 years (49.85 ± 11.30 years). The male to female ratio was 1 to 1.3. Donor body mass index (BMI) was 26.77 ± 4.31, and glomerular filtration rate was 96.25 ± 12.33 mL/min/1.73 sqm. The laparoscopic technique was transperitoneal approach exclusively.Results:  All LDNs were performed successfully without hand assistance. The warm ischaemic time ranged from 3 to 11 min. The hospital stay was 4.16 ± 1.30 days. The overall complication rate was 17.0%, with three major complications (2.1%): a splenetic infarction, a chylous ascites and a pulmonary embolism occurred. Donors' demographic data (age, sex, BMI, side of surgery) did not show a statistically significant association with surgical complications.Conclusions:  Transperitoneal laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy is a safe and effective procedure. Combined use of vascular stapler and Hem‐o‐Lok is very important for management of the renal artery stump. It is our current practice to administer anticoagulants during and post‐surgery for at least 2 weeks.
Correlation of MAPT scores with clinical and radiographic assessment of patients awaiting THR/TKR
Authors: David Vikram Mohan , Bousounis George , Kapakoulakis Theo , Champion Robert , Masman Kevin , McCullough Keith 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackground:  The Multi‐attribute Arthritis Prioritisation Tool (MAPT) score is used as a tool to prioritize referrals to specialist clinics and care given to patients with hip and knee problems. Our pilot study aimed to determine the extent of any relationship between the MAPT scores and the clinician's assessment of severity of disease in terms of surgical waiting list (SWL) categories and radiological assessment.Methods:  This is a retrospective study of patients with symptomatic hip or knee osteoarthritis (OA) that were referred via the orthopaedic waiting list project between January and July 2009 to the Bendigo Health's orthopaedic outpatients clinic and were waitlisted for a total hip replacement (THR)/total knee replacement (TKR). The MAPT score was calculated and the Surgical waitlist Category was obtained from the surgical booking office. The radiographs of all these patients were reviewed and graded independently according to the Kellgren and Lawrence radiographic grading for severity of arthritis. The relationships between MAPT score, SWL category and the Kellgren and Lawrence radiographic grades were examined using graphical methods and Kendall's tau correlation coefficients.Results:  There were 62 patients in the study. The Kendall‐tau sample correlation coefficient between MAPT score and the radiographic grade is τb=−0.091 (P= 0.330) and between MAPT score and SWL category is τb= 0.007 (P= 0.951).Conclusions:  The sample data suggests that there is no significant relationship between the MAPT score and radiographic severity of OA, or between MAPT score and surgical waitlist category of patients with OA waitlisted for a THR/TKR.
Case of uterine leiomyoma showing fludeoxyglucose uptake on F‐18 fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography
Authors: Park Jee Hyun , Han Jee Young , Hyun In Young , Lee Byoung Ick , Moon Yeon Sook 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn order not to over treat uterine leiomyoma and to avoid overlooking uterine leiomyosarcoma, a highly reliable diagnostic method has been thought. Occasionally, it is difficult to discriminate uterine leiomyoma from uterine leiomyosarcoma. Recently positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has been proved useful in assessing pelvic malignancies. We experienced a case of uterine leiomyoma showing increased F‐18 fludeoxyglucose uptake on PET/CT in a postmenopausal woman. However, histological analysis demonstrated benign leiomyoma by the hysterectomy. Immunohistochemical analysis of glucose transporter‐1 showed negative in leiomyoma. Our case indicates that uterine leiomyoma in a postmenopausal woman may show false positive result of PET/CT.
The effect of marital status on pregnancy outcome in Israel: A retrospective case‐control study
Authors: Lurie Samuel , Zalmanovitch Anath , Golan Abraham , Sadan Oscar 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAims:  Previous studies have observed an association between unmarried status of the mother and adverse perinatal outcome such as increased rate of preterm deliveries, low birthweight and small‐for‐gestational‐age infants. In Israel, attendance of prenatal care is imposed by the state and is not related to socioeconomic status; therefore, unmarried women are expected to have a similar prenatal care as married women. The objective of this study is to test the hypothesis that unmarried and married pregnant women have a similar perinatal outcome.Material & Methods:  In a retrospective case‐control study, analysis of the records of women who gave birth at the delivery ward of Edith Wolfson Medical Center (a tertiary health care center) over a one‐year period (2005) with respect to marital status was performed. The cases group included 304 unmarried women who were matched with 1:1 ratio for maternal age, parity, and number of fetuses in the current pregnancy.Results:  Unmarried women (n = 304) were more likely to smoke during pregnancy (35.2% vs 15.2%, P < 0.001), had a longer second stage (44.4 ± 9.8 min vs 54.4 ± 4.4 min, P < 0.05) and a shorter first stage (484.0 ± 34.8 min vs 421.0 ± 25.3 min P < 0.05) of labor. The unmarried women had similar length of gestation, preterm delivery rate, mode of delivery, low birthweight rates, low Apgar scores or meconium passage during labor as married women.Conclusion:  In Israel, unmarried and married pregnant women may have almost similar pregnancy outcomes on length of gestation, mode of delivery and Apgar score.
Predicting creep crack initiation in austenitic and ferritic steels using the creep toughness parameter and time‐dependent failure assessment diagram
Authors: Davies C. M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractMethods for evaluating the creep toughness parameter, are reviewed and data are determined for a ferritic P22 steel from creep crack growth tests on compact tension, C(T), specimens of homogenous parent material (PM) and heterogeneous specimen weldments at 565 °C and compared to similar tests on austenitic type 316H stainless steel at 550 °C. Appropriate relations describing the time dependency of are determined accounting for data scatter. Considerable differences are observed in the form of the data and the time‐dependent failure assessment diagrams (TDFADs) for both the 316H and P22 steel. The TDFAD for P22 shows a strong time dependency, but is insensitive to time for 316H. Creep crack initiation (CCI) time predictions are obtained using the TDFAD approach and compared to experimental results from C(T) specimens and feature components. The TDFAD based on parent material properties can be used to obtain conservative predictions of CCI on weldments. Conservative predictions are almost always obtained when lower bound values are employed. Long‐term test are generally more relevant to industrial component lifetimes. The different trends between long‐ and short‐term CCI time and growth data indicate that additional long‐term test are required to further validate the procedure to predict the lifetimes of high temperature components.
Mucosectomy and stapled pouch‐anal anastomosis in familial adenomatous polyposis
Authors: Bülow S. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAim  In familial adenomatous polyposis, a restorative proctocolectomy with an ileo‐anal pouch may be performed either with a mucosectomy and a hand‐sewn anastomosis or as a stapled anastomosis without a mucosectomy. The disadvantage of the former is suboptimal bowel function and the disadvantage of the latter is a high risk of recurrent adenomas in the rectal mucosal remnant.Method  A procedure is presented that combines the advantages of mucosectomy and stapled ileo‐anal anastomosis.Results  No severe complications were seen in 14 patients. After a median follow up of 29 (range 7–144) months, 13 (93%) patients were fully continent day and night with a median frequency of defecation of 5 (range 2–8)/24 h. No adenomas were found at the annual endoscopic follow up.Conclusion  Mucosectomy with a stapled ileo‐anal pouch has few complications. Short‐term results show good function and a very low risk of recurrent adenoma development.
Renal cell carcinoma: stage, grade and histology migration over the last 15 years in a large Australian surgical series
Authors: Doeuk Norbert , Guo Ding Y. , Haddad Richard , Lau Howard , Woo Henry H. , Bariol Simon , Drummond Malcolm , Vladica Philip , Brooks Andrew , Patel Manish I. 
Published: November 2010

Study Type – Therapy (case series)  Level of Evidence 4 What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? Recent studies suggest that the incidence of RCC is increasing among early‐stage, incidentally discovered tumours, presumably detected because of the increased use of soft tissue imaging for evaluating a wide variety of abdominal and pelvic symptoms. This study did not show migration towards earlier stage and smaller RCCs.OBJECTIVE• To verify whether migration towards earlier‐stage renal cell carcinoma (RCC), which has been observed in the USA over the last decade, also applies to Australia.PATIENTS AND METHODS• Between January 1993 and December 2007, 547 nephrectomies performed in public and private hospitals in western Sydney were analysed from a retrospectively collected database.• Data were divided into three consecutive time groups.• Tumour‐node‐metastasis (TNM) stage as well as patient demographics, size, grade and histology of tumours and proportion of benign tumours were also assessed.RESULTS• In all, 499 nephrectomies were performed for RCC. The median age was 62 years, with a male:female ratio of 1.9 : 1. Similarly sized tumours were identified in each time group [group 1 (1993–1997), 54.8 mm; group 2 (1998–2002), 52.0 mm; group 3 (2003–2007), 52.2 mm, P= 0.6].• Pathological stage II disease decreased from 18.1 to 11.1%, but stage III disease showed an increase from 13.9 to 21.5% over that time period (P= 0.02).• The proportion of stage I and stage IV disease has remained relatively the same. There has been a statistically significant upward histological migration for the papillary subtype from 1.3 to 10.2% (P= 0.01).• There has also been an increasing representation of Fuhrman grade III tumours over time, from 17.6 to 30.8%, and a decreasing proportion of Fuhrman grade I tumours from 16.2 to 7.1% (P= 0.03).• There was a decrease in the incidence of benign tumours originally thought to be malignant on preoperative investigations, from 10% in group 1 to 4% in group 3 (P= 0.03).CONCLUSION• The recent US phenomenon of migration towards earlier‐stage, smaller RCCs as well as increased representation of benign tumours was not observed in the present study. The results of the present study, however, show an upward histological migration for papillary RCCs and an increasing representation of more aggressive Fuhrman grade III tumours.
Trends in the care of radical prostatectomy in the United States from 2003 to 2006
Authors: Williams Stephen B. , Prasad Sandip M. , Weinberg Aaron C. , Shelton Jeremy B. , Hevelone Nathanael D. , Lipsitz Stuart R. , Hu Jim C. 
Published: November 2010

Study Type – Therapy (outcomes research)  Level of Evidence 2b What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? There is an increasing trend of minimally invasive treatments for prostate cancer with increased utilization of robotic technology contributing largely to this trend. Our study found that increased utilization of MIRP corresponded with a decreasing trend for complications, blood transfusions, lengths of stay and need for reoperation. Additionally, MIRP was found to have fewer associated complications compared with men undergoing open procedures.OBJECTIVE• To determine differences in surgical outcomes by surgical approach during a period of rapid adoption of minimally invasive surgical approaches in radical prostatectomy.PATIENTS AND METHODS• We identified 19 542 men undergoing minimally invasive (MIRP), perineal (PRP), and retropubic (RRP) radical prostatectomy from 2003 to 2006 from the MarketScan® Medstat database, a national employer‐based administrative database.• We assessed for temporal trends in perioperative complications, use of postoperative cystography and anastomotic strictures by surgical approach.RESULTS• Between 2003 and 2006, MIRP use increased 33.6% vs 31.8% and 1.7% decreases in RRP and PRP, respectively. During the 4‐year study, median length of stay for MIRP decreased from 2.0 to 1.0 day (P= 0.004) and overall perioperative complications decreased from 13.8 to 10.7%, (P= 0.023).• These findings were driven by reductions in genitourinary complications (3.3 to 2.5%, P= 0.049), miscellaneous surgical complications (3.6 to 2.3%, P= 0.006) and intestinal injury (1.5 to 0.1%, P= 0.009).• Median length of stay for RRP decreased from 3.2 to 2.9 days, (P < 0.001), overall perioperative complications decreased from 18.1 to 14.6%, (P= 0.007), because of reductions in both wound/bleeding complications (2.0 to 1.1%, P= 0.002) and heterologous blood transfusions.• Men undergoing MIRP vs RRP were less likely to have perioperative complications (12.5 vs 17.1%, P < 0.001), blood transfusions (1.5 vs 8.9%, P < 0.001) and anastomotic strictures (6.3 vs 12.8%, P < 0.001), and they had shorter mean lengths of stay (1.8 vs 3.1 days, P < 0.001) during the study period.CONCLUSION• The increased use of MIRP corresponds with a decreasing trend for complications, blood transfusions, lengths of stay and need for reoperation. Additionally, MIRP was found to have fewer associated complications compared with men undergoing open procedures. Further study is needed to assess the impact of tumour characteristics and surgeon volume on these perioperative outcomes as well as effects on long‐term cancer control.
Renal nephrometry score is associated with urine leak after partial nephrectomy
Authors: Bruner Bryan , Breau Rodney H. , Lohse Christine M. , Leibovich Bradley C. , Blute Michael L. 
Published: November 2010

Study Type – Therapy (case series)  Level of Evidence 4 What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? There have been no studies to date that look at the relationship between kidney tumour location and the risk of developing a urine leak. This study is the first to add to the literature showing that tumour complexity does increase the risk of developing a urine leak.OBJECTIVE• To determine if the RENAL nephrometry score is associated with urine leak after partial nephrectomy for tumours ≤7 cm.PATIENTS AND METHODS• Thirty‐one patients who developed urine leak after partial nephrectomy between 1998 and 2006 were identified. Each patient was individually matched (1 : 4 by age, gender and surgery date) to 124 patients who had undergone partial nephrectomy but without urine leak.• Associations of RENAL nephrometry scores and each component of the score (Radius; Endophytic; Nearness to collecting system; and Location) with urine leak were evaluated using conditional logistic regression.RESULTS• Mean tumour size for the 31 patients who developed urine leak was 3.4 cm (median 3.5; range 1.5–5.9). Mean RENAL score was 8 (median 8; range 5–11).• Each unit increase in RENAL score was associated with a 35% increased odds of urine leak (OR 1.35; 95% CI 1.08–1.69; P= 0.009).• On multivariable analysis, tumours that were <50% exophytic (OR 16.65; 95% CI 2.75–100.71; P= 0.002), completely endophytic (OR 17.02; 95% CI 2.88–100.55; P= 0.002), or located at the renal pole (OR 4.34; 95% CI 1.30–14.53; P= 0.017) were associated with urine leak.• If the score attributed to tumour location was reversed (polar location given a higher score), each unit increase in RENAL score was associated with an 89% increased odds of urine leak (OR 1.89; 95% CI 1.40–2.55; P < 0.001).CONCLUSION• The RENAL nephrometry score is associated with risk of urine leak after partial nephrectomy. When assessing risk of urine leak, reversal of the score attributed to tumour location may improve risk prediction.
Risk group stratification to predict recurrence after transurethral resection in Japanese patients with stage Ta and T1 bladder tumours: validation study on the European Association of Urology guidelines
Authors: Sakano Shigeru , Matsuyama Hideyasu , Takai Kimio , Yoshihiro Satoru , Kamiryo Yoriaki , Shirataki Satoshi , Kaneda Yoshitaka , Hashimoto Osamu , Joko Keiji , Suga Akinobu , Yamamoto Mitsutaka , Hayashida Shigeaki , Baba Yoshikazu , Aoki Akihiko ,   The Yamaguchi Uro‐Oncology Group
Published: November 2010

Study Type – Therapy (case series)  Level of Evidence 4What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add?EAU guidelines on non‐muscle‐invasive bladder tumours have been widely used for the prediction of recurrence after TUR. However, there are substantial differences in bladder cancer incidence and mortality rates between European countries and Japan.This study provides useful factors for predicting recurrence and validation of EAU guidelines on the risk group stratification to predict recurrence in Japanese patients with stage Ta and T1 bladder tumours.OBJECTIVE
To validate the European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines on risk group stratification to predict recurrence in Japanese patients with stage Ta and T1 bladder tumours.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
A cohort of 592 Japanese patients who were treated with transurethral resection (TUR) and histopathologically diagnosed with Ta and T1 urothelial carcinoma of the bladder were enrolled in this retrospective study.
The primary endpoint of the present study was recurrence‐free survival, and the median follow‐up duration was 37 months in recurrence‐free survivors.
RESULTS
Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS), prior recurrence rate, number of tumours and T category were independent predictors of time to recurrence (P < 0.05). According to the EAU guidelines for predicting recurrence, the vast majority of Japanese patients were classified into intermediate risk.
The intermediate‐risk patients were further divided into intermediate‐low‐risk and intermediate‐high‐risk subgroups based on the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer risk table, and a significant difference in the recurrence‐free survival rates was found between these subgroups (P < 0.001).
It was also found that patients with high risk combined with intermediate‐high risk had significantly poorer recurrence‐free survival rates than those with low risk combined with intermediate‐low risk (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
This is the first report on the ECOG PS as a potentially useful predictor for bladder tumour recurrence.
The risk group stratification of the EAU guidelines for recurrence might not be applicable to Japanese patients with Ta and T1 bladder tumours, but the subgroup classification of intermediate risk could be appropriate.
Attenuation of bladder overactivity in KIT mutant rats
Authors: Okada Shinsuke , Kojima Yoshiyuki , Kubota Yasue , Mizuno Kentaro , Sasaki Shoichi , Kohri Kenjiro 
Published: November 2010

What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? Attenuation of KIT activity in ICCs of KIT gene‐deficient rat bladder may demonstrate the possibility of negatively regulating the sensory pathway of bladder hyperactivity mediated by C‐fibers, suggesting that KIT could be a candidate target of medical therapy in the future.Although recent reports have suggested that KIT is a detection marker of interstitial cells (ICC)s in the urinary bladder, there are few reports that ICCs themselves play a crucial role in the control of bladder function. We identify the role of KIT in the sensory mechanisms of urinary bladder in this paper.OBJECTIVES• To investigate morphological and physiological findings in the bladder of KIT mutant (WsRCWs/Ws) rats to clarify whether the disturbance of KIT pathways affects bladder activity.• To discuss the potential role of KIT‐positive interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC)‐like cells in the urinary bladder.MATERIALS AND METHODS• Reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction and western blotting was used to confirm the absence of c‐kit mRNA and protein in the bladders of 12‐week‐old WsRCWs/Ws rats.• Light and transmission electron microscopy was used to identify the differences in morphological and ultrastructural characteristics of the bladder between WsRCWs/Ws and wild‐type (WsRC+/+) rats.• The voiding pattern of WsRCWs/Ws rats and the effects of cyclophosphamide (CYP) and protamine sulphate on bladder function were examined using cystometry.RESULTS• In WsRC+/+ rats, c‐kit mRNA and KIT protein expression were observed in the urinary bladder, while they were not detectable in WsRCWs/Ws rats.• Deformation of ICC‐like cells with the collapse of the organelle was not observed in the bladders of WsRCWs/Ws rats.• Each cystometry variable in WsRCWs/Ws rats was similar to that in WsRC+/+ rats.• The reduction in the intercontraction intervals in WsRCWs/Ws rats with chemically (CYP and protamine sulphate) induced cystitis was significantly lower than in WsRC+/+ rats (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION• Certain voiding disturbances might be associated with impaired KIT signalling in ICC‐like cells, therefore, KIT could be a candidate target for medical therapy in the future.