bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insights of Inflammatory Heart Involvement in Cardiac Sarcoidosis – A Systemic Review
Authors: Treiber Julia , Hamm Christian W. , Sossalla Samuel T. , Rolf Andreas 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose of the Review
The purpose of this paper is to review the current knowledge regarding imaging inflammation in cardiac sarcoidosis (CS).

Recent Findings
Noninvasive imaging methods like cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and 18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18FDG) positron-emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) scans have emerged as the most important modalities in diagnosing and monitor therapy efficacy in CS. The differentiation between an active and a chronic, silent clinical state is crucial for decision making. T1- and T2-mapping by CMR provide a unique opportunity to discriminate normal and diseased myocardium by detecting myocardial edema and fibrosis. While T1-mapping is sensitive to fibrosis and edema, T2 is primarily influenced by tissue water content. Increased 18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18FDG) uptake in positron-emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) scan is a hallmark feature of CS and defines active inflammation. Therefore, the hybrid application of both CMR and 18FDG-PET-CT scans has evolved as the standard procedure to detect CS and monitor the therapeutic response.

Summary
Imaging inflammation in CS is basically performed by CMR T2-mapping and 18FDG uptake in PET-CT scan. Both are reliable methods in identifying active CS and follow up therapy and can be used synergistically. Additionally CMR provides further prognostic insights by late gadolinium enhancement that increases the risk for malignant arrhythmia and for relapse after therapy weaning.
Increased farmer willingness to pay for quality cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) planting materials: evidence from experimental auctions in Cambodia and Lao PDR
Authors: Delaquis Erik , Slavchevska Vanya , Almekinders Conny J. M. , Newby Jonathan C. , Sareth Chea , Tanthapone Chanphasouk , Struik Paul C. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractVarietal turnover is a major mechanism for farmer adaptation to rapidly changing environmental and market conditions. Understanding factors related to varietal turnover is critical for safeguarding food security in the face of increasingly rapid changes to production contexts. Preference elicitation methods like experimental auctions reveal farmers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for seeds with different characteristics. We engaged farmers growing cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) across a wide geographic scope in Cambodia (n = 321, 4 provinces) and Lao PDR (n = 391, 5 provinces) in modified second-price experimental auctions to determine WTP for three cassava seed classes: farmer-produced planting stems of an undescribed variety, farmer-produced planting stems of an elite variety with lower susceptibility to Cassava Mosaic Disease (CMD), and virus-free tested planting stems of the same elite variety. In Lao PDR, mean auction bids for a bundle of 20 planting stems were 0.54, 0.92, and 1.40 USD for farmer, elite, and elite tested stems, while in Cambodia the analogous mean bids were 0.58, 0.77, and 1.16 USD, respectively. A significantly higher WTP associated with elite variety and tested stems in both countries was influenced by both geographic location (province) and individual socioeconomic farmer characteristics. In Lao PDR this included lower WTP of women, higher WTP of ethnic minorities, and, for improved stems, lower WTP of farmers with increased cassava growing experience. In Cambodia fewer socioeconomic variables affected WTP. Our results indicate significant increases in WTP for clean planting materials and new varieties, supporting market-based clean seed approaches as a component of regional control strategies for the CMD epidemic currently threatening a global agri-food value chain.
New Vaccine Therapy for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Harris Paul E. , Rubsamen Reid 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose of the review
The objective of this review is to provide an analysis of early-phase clinical trials investigating vaccine therapies for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Specifically, the focus is on ongoing trials that are actively recruiting or in progress, while excluding vaccines that target neoantigens or those that have already completed trials.

Recent findings
Over the past decade, notable transformations have occurred in the strategy of breast cancer vaccine design. Traditional approaches to identifying tumor antigens, such as SEREX, have been replaced with modern techniques, such as RNA sequencing, HLA typing, and immunoinformatics. These new methods enable the identification and characterization of tumor antigens. Notably, current clinical investigations into tumor targets extend beyond mutated self-proteins or proteins that are overexpressed following neoplastic transformation. Clinical researchers are currently examining protein targets associated with cancer stem cells or non-malignant immune regulatory cell types within the tumor microenvironment. However, the application of up-to-date antigen delivery methods for certain types of breast cancer vaccine therapies still lags behind. Another significant transformation in comparison to previous breast cancer vaccine therapies is the emphasis on stimulating robust T-cell responses against breast cancer cells, independent of any B-cell response directed at the tumor.

Summary
In conclusion, we critically assessed the tumor antigens targeted by vaccine immunotherapies in these new clinical trials, the delivery methods used for these antigens, and conclude by discussing potential future directions for the development of new TNBC vaccine therapies.
miRNA-200c-3p deficiency promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition in triple-negative breast cancer by activating CRKL expression
Authors: Nie Fangfang , Zhang Qinfang , Ma WeiNa , Yan Jun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEpithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in malignant progression of Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Many studies have confirmed that miRNA-200c-3p is related to EMT. And we found that it is involved in the regulation of EMT, but the exact mechanism is unclear. CRKL is highly expressed in a variety of tumors and plays a role in EMT. In this study, the potential targets of miRNA-200c-3p were searched in miRPathDB, Targetscan and PicTar. And there are 68 potential targets at the intersection of the three databases. Then, bioinformatics and text mining performed by Coremine Medica, and found that among 68 potential targets, CRKL has the strongest correlation with EMT in TNBC. Therefore, we speculated that miRNA-200c-3p involvement in EMT might be related to CRKL. To verify miRNA-200c-3p inhibits the malignant phenotype of TNBC by regulating CRKL, RT‒PCR, western blotting, Clonal formation assays,CCK-8 proliferation assays, transwell invasion assays, Luciferase reporter assay and nude mouse transplantation tumor assay were performed. In this study, we found that miRNA-200c-3p is under-expressed and EMT-related genes are up-regulated in TNBC, and miRNA-200c-3p can inhibit cancer cell proliferation, invasion and the expression of EMT-related genes and proteins in TNBC. Further research confirmed that miRNA-200c-3p could inhibit EMT by inhibiting the expression of CRKL that directly combining CRKL gene.
Human endogenous retrovirus W in multiple sclerosis: transcriptional activity is associated with decline in oligodendrocyte proportions in the white matter of the brain
Authors: Nevalainen Tapio , Autio-Kimura Arttu , Hurme Mikko 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease. One of the basic mechanisms in this disease is the autoimmune response against the myelin sheet leading to axonal damage. There is strong evidence showing that this response is regulated by both genetic and environmental factors. In addition, the role of viruses has been extensively studied, especially in the case of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs). However, although several associations with MS susceptibility, especially in the case of HERV-W family have been observed, the pathogenic mechanisms have remained enigmatic. To clarify these HERV-mediated mechanisms as well as the responsible HERV-W loci, we utilized RNA sequencing data obtained from the white matter of the brain of individuals with and without MS. CIBERSORTx tool was applied to estimate the proportions of neuronal, glial, and endothelial cells in the brain. In addition, the transcriptional activity of 215 HERV-W loci were analyzed. The results indicated that 65 HERV-W loci had detectable expression, of which 14 were differentially expressed between MS and control samples. Of these, 12 HERV-W loci were upregulated in MS. Expression levels of the 8 upregulated HERV-W loci had significant negative correlation with estimated oligodendrocyte proportions, suggesting that they are associated with the dynamics of oligodendrocyte generation and/or maintenance. Furthermore, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) results indicated that expression levels of three upregulated HERV-W loci: 2p16.2, 2q13, and Xq13.3, are associated with suppression of oligodendrocyte development and myelination. Taken together, these data suggest new HERV-W loci candidates that might take part in MS pathogenesis.
Dynamical and numerical analysis of classical multiple roots finding methods applied for different multiplicities
Authors: Campos Beatriz , Villalba Eva G. , Vindel Pura 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe aim of this paper is the study of the robustness of classical methods defined for finding multiple roots with single multiplicity m when they are used for approximating different roots of a function having different multiplicities. To do so, we first study the dynamical behaviour of such methods when they are applied for approximating multiple roots with different multiplicities of a polynomial. Secondly, based on the obtained dynamical results, we analyse numerically their behaviour and convergence when we carry out the approximation in the case of functions that combine polynomial, exponential and logarithmic functions.
Robot-assisted partial nephrectomy in patients aged 75 years or older – comparing the risk of complications with their younger counterparts
Authors: Petersson Rasmus D. , Fode Mikkel , Niebuhr Malene H. , Rashu Badal S. , Thomsen Frederik F. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background & aim
More elderly patients are diagnosed with kidney tumors where partial nephrectomy is technically possible. We investigated whether patients ≥ 75 years old had an increased risk of complications following robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) compared to younger patients.

Methods
Retrospective, consecutive study including patients who underwent RAPN between May 2016 – April 2023. Preoperative data, operative data and complications within 90 days were recorded by patient record review. Complications were classified according to Clavien-Dindo (CD).

Results
451 patients underwent RAPN and a postoperative complication was recorded in 131 (29%) patients of which 28 (6%) were CD ≥ III. Any postoperative complication was recorded in 24/113 patients (21%) < 55 years, 40/127 patients (31%) 55–64 years, 45/151 patients (42%) 65–74 years, and 22/60 patients (37%) ≥ 75 years. Comparable numbers for a CD ≥ III postoperative complication were 2/113 (2%) < 55 years, 6/127 (7%) 55–64 years, 12/151 (8%) 65–74 years, and 5/60 (8%) ≥ 75 years. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, patients ≥ 75 years had a non-significant increased risk of complications when controlling for preoperative variables (OR 1.82 [95% CI 0.80–4.13]) or perioperative variables (OR 1.98 [95% CI 0.86–4.58]) compared to patients < 55 years. Two patients died postoperatively. Both were ≥ 75 years (2/60, 3%).

Discussion and conclusions
Selected patients ≥ 75 years can undergo RAPN without a significantly increased risk of postoperative complications. However, a mortality rate of 3% in this age group indicates that these patients are frail when postoperative complications occur.
Preserving the Rule of Law Through Transnational Soft Law: The Cooperation and Verification Mechanism
Authors: Ștefan Oana 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis contribution reflects on the role of soft law instruments to address the rule of law crisis, a topic of high relevance in the context of this special issue. Indeed, the EU-15 enlargement towards the ‘periphery’ proceeded also through soft law instruments, perceived to allow greater flexibility in monitoring. Soft law – or rules of conduct that have no legally binding force but may have legal and practical effects (Snyder 1993, 64) have been considered inappropriate by the literature in dealing with the regulation of values in EU law. However, a closer look at the career of soft law issued for Romania under the Cooperation and Verification Mechanism appears to suggest a more nuanced picture. Whilst time is not yet ripe for a full assessment of the effectiveness of the tools, there are signs that show that the reports issued by the Commission within the Cooperation and Verification Mechanism process have had an influence in fostering change. They did so by catalysing litigation and, as a result, informing and fuelling an institutional dialogue on the rule of law at the transnational level.
Nachhaltige Arbeit durch Beteiligung an arbeitsökologischen Innovationen – Erfolgsvoraussetzungen und Hindernisse
Authors: Becke Guido 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag untersucht Gelingensbedingungen und Hemmnisse direkter Beschäftigtenbeteiligung in arbeitsökologischen Innovationsprozessen, d. h. bei der Integration arbeitsbezogener und ökologischer Innovationaspekte, anhand einer kontrastiven Betriebsfallstudie. Als zentrale Gelingensbedingungen können aufseiten der Beschäftigten die Anerkennung ihrer ökologischer Sinnansprüche an die Arbeit sowie ihrer Ansprüche an gute Arbeitsbedingungen identifiziert werden. Als Erfolgsfaktor erweist sich zudem eine Reziprozitätsbalance zwischen dem Arbeits- und Innovationsengagement der Beschäftigten und dafür erhaltenen betrieblichen Gegenleistungen, wie materielle und symbolische Anerkennung.Praktische Relevanz Der Beitrag bietet praxisorientierte Ansatzpunkte für die Entwicklung nachhaltiger Arbeitssysteme auf betrieblicher Ebene. Hierzu werden empirisch gestützte Handlungsempfehlungen für gelingende, partizipativ orientierte arbeitsökologische Innovationsprozesse entwickelt. Hierbei wird für eine Integration von arbeitsbezogenen und ökologischen Zielen sowie für reflexive Gestaltungsprozesse plädiert, damit arbeitsökologische Innovationen eine breite Verankerung in Belegschaften erhalten und ungeplante Nebenfolgen konstruktiv bearbeitet werden können.
Metabolic relationships between marine red algae and algae-associated bacteria
Authors: Kim Kyung Hyun , Kim Jeong Min , Baek Ju Hye , Jeong Sang Eun , Kim Hocheol , Yoon Hwan Su , Jeon Che Ok 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMutualistic interactions between marine phototrophs and associated bacteria are an important strategy for their successful survival in the ocean, but little is known about their metabolic relationships. Here, bacterial communities in the algal sphere (AS) and bulk solution (BS) of nine marine red algal cultures were analyzed, and Roseibium and Phycisphaera were identified significantly more abundantly in AS than in BS. The metabolic features of Roseibium RMAR6-6 (isolated and genome-sequenced), Phycisphaera MAG 12 (obtained by metagenomic sequencing), and a marine red alga, Porphyridium purpureum CCMP1328 (from GenBank), were analyzed bioinformatically. RMAR6-6 has the genetic capability to fix nitrogen and produce B vitamins (B1, B2, B5, B6, B9, and B12), bacterioferritin, dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), and phenylacetate that may enhance algal growth, whereas MAG 12 may have a limited metabolic capability, not producing vitamins B9 and B12, DMSP, phenylacetate, and siderophores, but with the ability to produce bacitracin, possibly modulating algal microbiome. P. purpureum CCMP1328 lacks the genetic capability to fix nitrogen and produce vitamin B12, DMSP, phenylacetate, and siderophore. It was shown that the nitrogen-fixing ability of RMAR6-6 promoted the growth of P. purpureum, and DMSP reduced the oxidative stress of P. purpureum. The metabolic interactions between strain RMAR6-6 and P. purpureum CCMP1328 were also investigated by the transcriptomic analyses of their monoculture and co-culture. Taken together, potential metabolic relationships between Roseibium and P. purpureum were proposed. This study provides a better understanding of the metabolic relationships between marine algae and algae-associated bacteria for successful growth.
Context-dependent antioxidant defense system (ADS)-based stress memory in response to recurrent environmental challenges in congeneric invasive species
Authors: Li Hanxi , Huang Xuena , Zhan Aibin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMarine ecosystems are facing escalating environmental fluctuations owing to climate change and human activities, imposing pressures on marine species. To withstand recurring environmental challenges, marine organisms, especially benthic species lacking behavioral choices to select optimal habitats, have to utilize well-established strategies such as the antioxidant defense system (ADS) to ensure their survival. Therefore, understanding of the mechanisms governing the ADS-based response is essential for gaining insights into adaptive strategies for managing environmental challenges. Here we conducted a comparative analysis of the physiological and transcriptional responses based on the ADS during two rounds of 'hypersalinity-recovery' challenges in two model congeneric invasive ascidians, Ciona robusta and C. savignyi. Our results demonstrated that C. savignyi exhibited higher tolerance and resistance to salinity stresses at the physiological level, while C. robusta demonstrated heightened responses at the transcriptional level. We observed distinct transcriptional responses, particularly in the utilization of two superoxide dismutase (SOD) isoforms. Both Ciona species developed physiological stress memory with elevated total SOD (T-SOD) and glutathione (GSH) responses, while only C. robusta demonstrated transcriptional stress memory. The regulatory distinctions within the Nrf2-Keap1 signalling pathway likely explain the formation disparity of transcriptional stress memory between both Ciona species. These findings support the 'context-dependent stress memory hypothesis', emphasizing the emergence of species-specific stress memory at diverse regulatory levels in response to recurrent environmental challenges. Our results enhance our understanding of the mechanisms of environmental challenge management in marine species, particularly those related to the ADS.
How do implants overlying the spine influence “The Law of Diminishing Returns” in early-onset scoliosis patients?
Authors: Mitchell Stuart L. , Heyer Jessica H. , Anari Jason B. , Baldwin Keith D. , Kodali Pranav , Ramo Brandon S. , Flynn Jack M. , Fitzgerald Ryan , Truong Walter , Li Ying , Andras Lindsay , Brooks Jaysson , Cahill Patrick J. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The “law of diminishing returns” (LODR) in early-onset scoliosis (EOS) is well-known. We hypothesized that previously observed variations between constructs may be related to the lateral distance that each construct lies from the spine. We therefore sought to determine whether the curve magnitude improvement and spinal length gains for distraction-based constructs in EOS are positively correlated with the collinearity of the spine and the convex-sided implant on posteroanterior radiographs.

Methods
A prospectively-collected, multicenter EOS registry was queried for all patients who underwent non-fusion, distraction-based instrumentation surgery. Post-index radiographs were graded from 1 to 5 based on amount of overlap between the convex-sided rod and the apical vertebra. Grade 1: convex rod is lateral to convex-sided pedicle; Grade 2: overlaps the convex-sided pedicle; Grade 3: lies between pedicles; Grade 4: overlaps concave-sided pedicle; Grade 5: medial to concave-sided pedicle. ANOVA assessed the correlations between post-index overlap grade and change in (a) curve magnitude and (b) T1–T12 height. Multivariable regression modeling further assessed these associations.

Results
284 patients met all selection criteria and were included. On ANOVA, post-index grade was associated with curve magnitude (p <0.001) and T1-12 height (p = 0.028) change. Better curve correction and height change were associated with higher grade. On regression modeling, curve correction (R = 0.574) and T1–T12 height change (R = 0.339) remained significantly associated with grade when controlling for time, anchor locations, age, underlying diagnosis, and pre-index curve magnitude.

Conclusion
More apical overlap by the convex rod was associated with better spinal deformity control and improved height gain.

Level of Evidence III
Therapeutic.
PERCORE: A Deep Learning-Based Framework for Persian Spelling Correction with Phonetic Analysis
Authors: Dashti Seyed Mohammad Sadegh , Khatibi Bardsiri Amid , Jafari Shahbazzadeh Mehdi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis research introduces a state-of-the-art Persian spelling correction system that seamlessly integrates deep learning techniques with phonetic analysis, significantly enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of natural language processing (NLP) for Persian. Utilizing a fine-tuned language representation model, our methodology effectively combines deep contextual analysis with phonetic insights, adeptly correcting both non-word and real-word spelling errors. This strategy proves particularly effective in tackling the unique complexities of Persian spelling, including its elaborate morphology and the challenge of homophony. A thorough evaluation on a wide-ranging dataset confirms our system’s superior performance compared to existing methods, with impressive F1-Scores of 0.890 for detecting real-word errors and 0.905 for correcting them. Additionally, the system demonstrates a strong capability in non-word error correction, achieving an F1-Score of 0.891. These results illustrate the significant benefits of incorporating phonetic insights into deep learning models for spelling correction. Our contributions not only advance Persian language processing by providing a versatile solution for a variety of NLP applications but also pave the way for future research in the field, emphasizing the critical role of phonetic analysis in developing effective spelling correction system.
Neutrosophic Topp-Leone Distribution for Interval-Valued Data Analysis
Authors: Ahsan-ul-Haq Muhammad , Zafar Javeria , Aslam Muhammad , Tariq Saadia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMany issues in real life are riddled with confusion, vagueness, and ambiguity. The Topp-Leone distribution is a significant one-parameter probability distribution in the context of classical probability theory. There is a gap in the literature when it comes to dealing with circumstances involving interval-valued data with a classical Topp-Leone distribution. So, in this connection, neutrosophic Topp-Leone distribution is presented in this paper as an extension of the traditional Topp-Leone distribution. The new neutrosophic distribution takes into account the indeterminacy and crisp form of interval-valued distributions. The suggested distribution's mathematical features were derived, including moments and related measures, quantile function, survival, hazard, inverted hazard functions, and mills ratio. Maximum likelihood is used to estimate model parameters. Finally, a complex dataset is utilized to show the usefulness of the proposed distributions.