bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Soybean Genotypes for Resistance to Charcoal Rot
Authors: Mengistu Alemu , Arelli P. A. , Bond J. P. , Shannon G. J. , Wrather A. J. , Rupe J. B. , Chen P. , Little C. R. , Canaday C. H. , Newman M. A. , Pantalone V. R. 
Published: October 2011

Charcoal rot, caused by Macrophomina phaseolina, significantly reduces yield in soybean more than most other diseases in the midsouthern United States. There are no commercial genotypes marketed as resistant to charcoal rot. Reactions of 27 maturity group (MG) III, 29 Early MG IV, 34 Late MG IV, and 59 MG V genotypes were evaluated for M. phaseolina between 2006 and 2008 in a non-irrigated, no-till field that had been artificially infested for three years. There was significant variation in root colonization among genotypes and years, indicating the value of screening genotypes over multiple years. Based on CFUI there was no genotype that was consistently immune to charcoal rot each year. However, there were a total of six genotypes (one genotype in MG III, one in Late MG IV, and four in MG V) that were identified as moderately resistant. Some of the commercial and public genotypes were resistant to M. phaseolina at levels equal to or greater than the standard DT97-4290, a moderately resistant cultivar. The genotypes identified as having moderate resistance across the three years could be useful as sources for developing resistant soybean genotypes. Accepted for publication 27 July 2011. Published 26 September 2011.
Diagnostic Workup of Paediatric Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Europe
Authors: de Bie Charlotte I. , Buderus Stephan , Sandhu Bhupinder K. , de Ridder Lissy , Paerregaard Anders , Veres Gabor , Dias Jorge Amil , Escher Johanna C. ,   EUROKIDS Porto IBD Working Group of ESPGHAN
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTObjective:In 2005, the Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Working Group of the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition published consensus guidelines on the diagnostic workup of paediatric IBD, the Porto criteria. According to these guidelines, children suspected of having IBD should undergo an oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD), ileocolonoscopy, and (except in cases of definitive ulcerative colitis) adequate imaging of the small bowel. To audit and evaluate the diagnostic workup of paediatric patients with IBD in Europe, the Working Group created EUROKIDS, a prospective, Web‐based registry of newly diagnosed paediatric patients with IBD.Methods:Patients with IBD (ages 0–18 years) were registered in 44 centres in 18 countries. Data on diagnostic workup were analysed according to the year of diagnosis, type of IBD, and centre size. Diagnostic yield of OGD and ileal intubation were evaluated.Results:Between 2004 and 2009, 2087 newly diagnosed patients were correctly registered. Both OGD and ileocolonoscopy had been performed in 64% of all of the patients and increased significantly from year 1 (52 %) to 5 (71%, P < 0.001). Small‐bowel follow‐through use decreased during the years (year 1 n = 213, year 5 n = 108; P < 0.001), whereas magnetic resonance imaging use increased (year 1 n = 25, year 5 n = 171; P < 0.001). Patients diagnosed as having Crohn disease (CD, 59%) and ulcerative colitis (58%) were more likely to have had a complete diagnostic workup than patients diagnosed as having IBD unclassified (45%). In CD, the diagnostic yield of OGD was 7.5% and the yield of ileal intubation was 13%.Conclusions:The quality of diagnostic workup in paediatric patients with IBD increased steadily between 2004 and 2009. Small‐bowel imaging by magnetic resonance imaging superseded the use of small‐bowel follow‐through. OGD and ileal intubation contributed to a definitive diagnosis of CD.
Midazolam‐Ketamine Combination for Moderate Sedation in Upper GI Endoscopy
Authors: Motamed Farzaneh , Aminpour Yasaman , Hashemian Hesam , Soltani Alireza E. , Najafi Mehri , Farahmand Fatemeh 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of the study was to compare the quality of sedation with 3 different sedation regimens in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGIE) in pediatric patients.Methods:One hundred fifty consecutive children who underwent UGIE were randomly assigned to 1 of the 3 medication regimens. Patients in group A (n = 49) received placebo. Forty‐five minutes after the placebo was given, repeated intravenous (IV) doses of 0.1 mg/kg midazolam were administered titrated to achieve a level of deep sedation. Patients in group B (n = 51) received oral ketamine instead of placebo, and patients in group C (n = 50) received oral fentanyl instead of placebo with the same methodology and sedation endpoint.Results:The mean dose of midazolam administered in group B patients was remarkably lower compared with that of groups A and C. Patients in group B showed less distress in IV line placement and separation from parents, higher comfort level, more endoscopist satisfaction, and higher sedation depth compared with groups A and C. The recovery time was significantly shorter in group B. All of the 3 regimens were safe. All of the complications were managed successfully.Conclusions:Our data suggest that synergistic sedation with oral ketamine and IV midazolam for UGIE in children is a suitable and safe sedation. The higher rate of vomiting in group B in contrast to previous studies must be caused mainly by the oral route of ketamine administration.
The Arabidopsis RING E3 Ubiquitin Ligase AtAIRP2 Plays Combinatory Roles with AtAIRP1 in Abscisic Acid-Mediated Drought Stress Responses
Authors: Cho Seok Keun , Ryu Moon Young , Seo Dong Hye , Kang Bin Goo , Kim Woo Taek 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe ubiquitin (Ub)-26S proteasome pathway is implicated in various cellular processes in higher plants. AtAIRP1, a C3H2C3-type RING (for Really Interesting New Gene) E3 Ub ligase, is a positive regulator in the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent drought response. Here, the AtAIRP2 (for Arabidopsis ABA-insensitive RING protein 2) gene was identified and characterized. AtAIRP2 encodes a cytosolic C3HC4-type RING E3 Ub ligase whose expression was markedly induced by ABA and dehydration stress. Thus, AtAIRP2 belongs to a different RING subclass than AtAIRP1 with a limited sequence identity. AtAIRP2-overexpressing transgenic (35S:AtAIRP2-sGFP) and atairp2 loss-of-function mutant plants exhibited hypersensitive and hyposensitive phenotypes, respectively, to ABA in terms of seed germination, root growth, and stomatal movement. 35S:AtAIRP2-sGFP plants were highly tolerant to severe drought stress, and atairp2 alleles were more susceptible to water stress than were wild-type plants. Higher levels of drought-induced hydrogen peroxide production were detected in 35S:AtAIRP2-sGFP as compared with atairp2 plants. ABA-inducible drought-related genes were up-regulated in 35S:AtAIRP2-sGFP and down-regulated in atairp2 progeny. The positive effects of AtAIRP2 on ABA-induced stress genes were dependent on SNF1-related protein kinases, key components of the ABA signaling pathway. Therefore, AtAIRP2 is involved in positive regulation of ABA-dependent drought stress responses. To address the functional relationship between AtAIRP1 and AtAIRP2, FLAG-AtAIRP1 and AtAIRP2-sGFP genes were ectopically expressed in atairp2-2 and atairp1 plants, respectively. Constitutive expression of FLAG-AtAIRP1 and AtAIRP2-sGFP in atairp2-2 and atairp1 plants, respectively, reciprocally rescued the loss-of-function ABA-insensitive phenotypes during germination. Additionally, atairp1/35S:AtAIRP2-sGFP and atairp2-2/35S:FLAG-AtAIRP1 complementation lines were more tolerant to dehydration stress relative to atairp1 and atairp2-2 single knockout plants. Overall, these results suggest that AtAIRP2 plays combinatory roles with AtAIRP1 in Arabidopsis ABA-mediated drought stress responses.
Glucocorticosteroid‐resistant pemphigoid gestationis: Successful treatment with adjuvant immunoadsorption
Authors: WESTERMANN Lilia , HÜGEL Rainer , MEIER Markus , WEICHENTHAL Michael , ZILLIKENS Detlef , GLÄSER Regine , SCHMIDT Enno 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA 40‐year old prima para presented with multiple urticaria‐like plaques and severe pruritus 2 weeks prior to giving birth by cesarean section. Three days after birth, the disease flared up and tense blisters appeared on hands, lower arms and feet. Based on the clinical presentation, direct immunofluorescence microscopy, complement binding test and detection of high levels of circulating anti‐BP180 antibodies, the diagnosis of pemphigoid gestationis was established. Despite treatment with class IV topical corticosteroid and prednisolone p.o. up to 60 mg/day, both skin lesions and severe pruritus progressed accompanied by increasing anti‐BP180 antibody serum levels. In order to continue breast feeding, the prednisolone dose could not be further increased and 10 immunoadsorptions over 4 weeks were performed. During this period, skin lesions cleared rapidly, pruritus subsided and BP180‐specific serum autoantibodies decreased by 99.5% allowing the reduction of prednisolone to 7.5 mg/day. We conclude that immunoadsorption is an effective and safe adjuvant therapeutic option for severe pemphigoid gestationis.
ACTH‐induced cortisol release is related to the copy number of the C4B gene encoding the fourth component of complement in patients with non‐functional adrenal incidentaloma
Authors: Bánlaki Zsófia , Raizer György , Ács Bence , Majnik Judit , Doleschall Márton , Szilágyi Ágnes , Rácz Karoly , Füst George , Patócs Attila 
Published: October 2011

SummaryObjective  According to our previous findings, carriers of the C4B*Q0 genotype, which means zero or one copy of the C4B gene, which is located in the RCCX copy number variation region on chromosome 6, have a significantly shorter life‐expectancy and higher risk of cardiovascular disease than non‐carriers. We have postulated that the C4B*Q0 genotype is linked to variant(s) of the neighboring CYP21A2 gene encoding a steroid 21‐hydroxylase with altered function.Design  Single‐center, observational, retrospective study.Patients  Seventy‐six patients with non‐functional, benign adrenal incidentaloma.Measurements  Serum cortisol, aldosterone, 17‐hydroxyprogesterone, corticosterone and ACTH levels basally and after ACTH‐stimulation, metyrapone or dexamethasone tests were determined. C4B gene copy number was quantified.Results  The ratio of ACTH‐stimulated and baseline cortisol concentrations was significantly higher (P = 0·001) in the group of patients carrying the C4B*Q0 genotype compared to the rest of the patients. This difference remained significant (P = 0·004) after adjustment for sex and age, as well as for tumor size. A significant (P = 0·018), adjusted difference between carriers and non‐carriers was found also for ACTH‐induced/basal aldosterone ratio. In C4B*Q0 carriers, metyrapone hardly reduced the serum cortisol level, while in non‐carriers it induced a highly significant (P = 0·002) decrease.Conclusions  The C4B*Q0 genotype may be associated with hyperreactivity of the HPA axis (manifested as an increased responsiveness to ACTH‐stimulation), probably through enhanced function of steroid 21‐hydroxylase. Since hyperreactivity of the HPA axis is known to be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, our present findings may explain the increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality of C4B*Q0 carriers.
The impact of low serum sodium level on mortality depends on glycemic control
Authors: Sahin Osman Z. , Asci Gulay , Kircelli Fatih , Yilmaz Mumtaz , Duman Soner , Ozkahya Mehmet , Dogan Cengiz , Odabas Ali R. , Cirit Mustafa , Ok Ercan 
Published: October 2011

Eur J Clin Invest 2012; 42 (5): 534–540AbstractBackground  Low serum sodium levels have been associated with mortality both in patients with and without chronic kidney disease. In this study, we investigated this association in relation to glycemic control in hemodialysis (HD) patients.Materials and methods  Between March and September 2005, 697 prevalent HD patients were enrolled in this prospective observational study and followed up for all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality. The associations of serum sodium concentration with both overall and cardiovascular survival rates were studied.Results  At baseline, mean predialysis serum sodium concentration was 138·4 ± 2·3 mEq/L (range: 130–145 mEq/L). Mild hyponatremia (< 135 mEq/L) was present in only 41 subjects (5·9%), and no patient had serum sodium level < 130 mEq/L. During 20·2 ± 6·2 months of follow‐up, 119 patients (15·9%) died, 68 from CV causes. In adjusted Cox regression analysis, lowest sodium quartile was associated with 2·13‐fold increased risk of overall mortality (95% confidence interval (CI) 1·14–3·98, P = 0·01, model chi‐square 114·6, P < 0·001). As a continuous variable, each 1 mEq/L increase in predialysis sodium concentration was associated with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0·87 for overall mortality (95% CI 0·81–0·95, P = 0·002) and 0·86 for cardiovascular mortality (95% CI 0·78–0·96, P = 0·007). The predictivity of low serum sodium was prominent in diabetic subjects but not in nondiabetics. However, relationship between serum sodium and patient survival in diabetics was lost after adjustment for the HbA1c level: HR 0·91 (95% CI 0·78–1·05, P = 0·20).Conclusions  Low serum sodium concentration is associated with mortality only in those with diabetes. Furthermore, the impact of serum sodium on survival in these patients seems to be derived from poor glucose control.
Impacts of nitrogen fertilization on volatile organic compound emissions from decomposing plant litter
Authors: Gray Christopher M. , Fierer Noah 
Published: October 2011

AbstractNonmethane volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are reactive, low molecular weight gases that can have significant effects on soil and atmospheric processes. Research into biogenic VOC sources has primarily focused on plant emissions, with few studies on VOC emissions from decomposing plant litter, another potentially important source. Likewise, although there have been numerous studies examining how anthropogenic increases in nitrogen (N) availability can influence litter decomposition rates, we do not know how VOC emissions may be affected. In this study, we measured the relative contribution of VOCs to the total carbon (C) emitted from decomposing litter and how N amendments affected VOC emissions. We incubated decomposing litter from 12 plant species over 125 days, measuring both CO2 and VOC emissions throughout the incubation. We found that VOCs represented a large portion of C emissions from a number of the litter types with C emissions as VOCs ranging from 0% to 88% of C emissions as CO2. Methanol was the dominant VOC emitted, accounting for 28–99% of total VOC emissions over the incubation period. N additions increased CO2 production in 7 of the 12 litter types by 5–180%. In contrast, N additions decreased VOC emissions in 8 of the 12 litter types, reducing net VOC emissions to near zero. The decrease in VOC emissions was occasionally large enough to account for the increased CO2 emissions on a per unit C basis, suggesting that N additions may not necessarily accelerate C loss from decomposing litter but rather just switch the form of C emitted. Together these results suggest that, for certain litter types, failure to account for VOC emissions may lead to an underestimation of C losses from litter decomposition and an overestimation of the effects of N additions on rates of litter decomposition.
Mechanical properties of asphalt binders evaluated by atomic force microscopy
Authors: DOURADO E.R. , SIMAO R.A. , LEITE L.F.M. 
Published: October 2011

SummaryAtomic Force Microscopy was employed in order to relate the features observed on the surface of a 50/70 asphalt binder according to its local stiffness and elastic recovery. Indentations were performed in different points of the surface and a significant variation of elasticity was observed between the points on the so‐called bee structure and the matrix. Also, indentations varying the maximum force were performed on similar white spots in the bee structure and the recovery was followed up to 1 h after indentation. It was observed that the elastic recovery is very much dependent on the colloidal structure of the bee. The final surface state of the binder, close to the bee for usual bees is not the same as the initial one indicating severe plastic deformation. Also, permanent phase change could be observed for bright spots presented in not well‐structured bee arrangements. A surface hardening was observed in the bee region.
Factors influencing adherence to antiretroviral treatment in Asian developing countries: a systematic review
Authors: Wasti Sharada P. , van Teijlingen Edwin , Simkhada Padam , Randall Julian , Baxter Susan , Kirkpatrick Pamela , GC Vijay S. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjective  To systematically review the literature of factors affecting adherence to Antiretroviral treatment (ART) in Asian developing countries.Methods  Database searches in Medline/Ovid, Cochrane library, CINAHL, Scopus and PsychINFO for studies published between 1996 and December 2010. The reference lists of included papers were also checked, with citation searching on key papers.Results  A total of 437 studies were identified, and 18 articles met the inclusion criteria and were extracted and critically appraised, representing in 12 quantitative, four qualitative and two mixed‐method studies. Twenty‐two individual themes, including financial difficulties, side effects, access, stigma and discrimination, simply forgetting and being too busy, impeded adherence to ART, and 11 themes, including family support, self‐efficacy and desire to live longer, facilitated adherence.Conclusion  Adherence to ART varies between individuals and over time. We need to redress impeding factors while promoting factors that reinforce adherence through financial support, better accessible points for medicine refills, consulting doctors for help with side effects, social support and trusting relationships with care providers.
Enzymatic activity of Microsporum canis and Trichophyton mentagrophytes from breeding rabbits with and without skin lesions
Authors: Cafarchia Claudia , Figueredo Luciana A. , Coccioli Carmela , Camarda Antonio , Otranto Domenico 
Published: October 2011

SummaryMicrosporum canis and Trichophyton mentagrophytes are zoophilic dermatophytes which can cause skin infections in animals and humans. The clinical expression of this infection strongly varies depending on host, fungal species as well as enzyme production. No comparative studies are available on the enzymatic activities of M. canis and T. mentagrophytes isolated from breeding rabbits. Thus, the aim of this work was to assess the capability of M. canis and T. mentagrophytes isolated from rabbits both with and without lesions in producing different enzymes. The relationship of dermatophyte enzymatic activities and presence/absence of skin lesions has also been investigated. A total of 260 isolates of T. mentagrophytes and 25 isolates of M. canis sampled both from healthy and lesioned skin of rabbits, as well as from air samples of positive farms were examined. The results showed that T. mentagrophytes and M. canis from rabbits produce different enzymes. However, only elastase and gelatinase were linked to the appearance of lesions in T. mentagrophytes infections, whereas lipase in those by M. canis.
Safety of withholding anticoagulation in patients with mechanical prosthetic valves and intracranial haemorrhage
Authors: Krittalak K. , Sawanyawisuth K. , Tiamkao S. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPatients with prosthetic heart valves require lifelong anticoagulation to prevent thromboembolism. When they have intracranial haemorrhage, anticoagulation has to be withheld. This study was aimed to identify safety duration and complications of anticoagulation withholding in patients with prosthetic heart valves and intracranial haemorrhage. This was a retrospective descriptive study in 26 prosthetic heart valve patients hospitalised in Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University because of intracranial haemorrhage from 2003 to 2008. Range of anticoagulation withholding was 1 to 26 days with mean 8.5 ± 7.7 days. Most patients (84.6%) were withheld anticoagulation for less than 14 days. There were five in‐hospital deaths mostly within 3 days of admission from severe intracranial haemorrhage. No data of reintroduction of anticoagulation was found in three patients because they were lost to follow up. One patient had right basal ganglia infarction after 7 days of anticoagulation withholding. Prosthetic heart valve dysfunction was suspected in one patient who withheld anticoagulant for 76 days. Discontinuation of anticoagulation in patients with prosthetic heart valves and intracranial haemorrhage for less than 7 days was associated with low thromboembolic risk and there was no clinical evidence of prosthetic heart valve dysfunction when anticoagulation was withheld for less than 14 days.
Visualizing Strain Anisotropy in Mantle Flow Fields
Authors: Obermaier H. , Billen M. I. , Hagen H. , Hering‐Bertram M. , Hamann B. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe evolution of strain and development of material anisotropy in models of the Earth’s mantle flow convey important information about how to interpret the geometric relationship between observation of seismic anisotropy and the actual mantle flow field. By combining feature extraction techniques such as path line integration and tensor accumulation, we compute time‐varying strain vector fields that build the foundation for a number of feature extraction and visualization techniques. The proposed field segmentation, clustering, histograms and multi‐volume visualization techniques facilitate an intuitive understanding of three‐dimensional strain in such flow fields, overcoming limitations of previous methods such as 2‐D line plots and slicing. We present applications of our approach to an artificial time varying flow data set and a real world example of stationary flow in a subduction zone and discuss the challenges of processing these geophysical data sets as well as the insights gained.
Explaining Cross-Country Differences in Survey Contact Rates: Application of Decomposition Methods
Authors: Blom Annelies G. 
Published: October 2011

SummarySurvey contact rates differ across countries. However, to date the reasons for these cross-country differences have not been identified. Differences can be due to differences in survey characteristics, differences in population characteristics and differences in processes, i.e. in the association between the first and second reasons and contact propensity. The paper investigates correlates of contact by decomposing cross-country differences in predicted mean contact propensities into these three components. The findings explain which fieldwork strategies and population characteristics are related to cross-country differences in contact rates. The analyses distinguish factors explaining within-country contact propensity from factors explaining cross-country differences. We demonstrate the suitability of decomposition methods for analysing group differences in survey outcomes.
CONNECTING THE NEW POLITICAL HISTORY WITH RECENT THEORIES OF TEMPORAL ACCELERATION: SPEED, POLITICS, AND THE CULTURAL IMAGINATION OF FIN DE SIÈCLE BRITAIN
Authors: VIEIRA RYAN ANTHONY 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTThe political impact of “social acceleration” has recently attracted much attention in sociology and political theory. The concept, however, has remained entirely unexplored in the discipline of history. Although numerous British historians have noted the prominent position of acceleration in the late‐Victorian and Edwardian imagination, these observations have never expanded beyond the realm of rhetorical flourish. The present paper attempts to build a two‐way interdisciplinary bridge between British political history and the theories of social acceleration that have been posited in the social sciences, arguing that both British political historians and acceleration theorists have much to gain from further dialogue.