bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconstituer la vie, André Leroi-Gourhan et la lecture des archives archéologiques
Authors: Gallay Alain 
Published: May 2009

In den Arbeiten André Leroi-Gourhans dreht sich die Deutung der im Boden erhaltenen archäologischen Archive um drei wesentliche Probleme : Vorrang der räumlichen Analyse vor der Stratigraphie, innere Analyse der Hinterlassenschaften sowie erschöpfende Analyse. Nach einer kurzen Zusammenfassung des historischen Kontextes, in dem André Leroi-Gourhan seine Philosophie der Vergangenheitsrekonstruktion entwickeln konnte, behandeln wir, anhand unserer persönlichen Erfahrung, die Entwicklung, die uns dazu geführt hat, die Verdienste aber auch die Grenzen dieser Konzeptionen zu erkennen und einen Weg zu suchen, diese zu überwinden.
Der paläoethnologische Aspekt war immer in der Vorgehensweise von Leroi-Gourhan enthalten, auch wenn dieser den ethnographischen Komparatismus ausdrücklichst zurückweist. Dieser Widerspruch scheint uns eine der wichtig- sten Fragen zu sein, die von dieser Méthode aufgeworfen werden.
Wir mussten also lernen, mit diesem geistigen, Erbe umzugehen, indem wir versuchten, die Fallen, die durch eine Grabungstechnik, die Problème stratigraphischer Art auslösen konnte, und eine oft zu aufwendige und schwer in den Griff zu bekommende Dokumentation gestellt wurden, zu vermeiden und indem wir versuchten, über die Mittel.
Une double condamnation à "Changé" Saint-Piat (Eure-et-Loir)
Authors: Jagu Dominique 
Published: May 2009

The excavation of the megalithic site at "Changé" at Saint-Piat, Eure-et-Loir, has revealed that adjacent dolmens could have complementary functions, i.e., burial and religious. Differing in architecture and contents, their history as funerary and post-funerary monuments was also quite distinct.
Globally speaking, the two main phases of evolution of the site both came to a close with a condemnation : that of the place of burial first, then that of the memorial space that succeeded it. This is the double condemnation phenomenon ; condemnation of the individuals interred, followed by that of the monument itself.
The manifest desire of the Neolithic populations to make all trace of their funereal practices « disappear » might help to explain the apparent mediocre state of conservation seen in many megaliths today.
Présence de Quaternaire ancien dans la basse vallée du Wouri (Cameroun)
Authors: Lafond Louis Robert 
Published: May 2009

L'étude stratigraphique et sédimentologique de 11 coupes de forages implantés dans les sédiments superficiels du fleuve Wouri montre qu'il existe une succession de trois niveaux quaternaires au moins, sur 50 mètres d'épaisseur; il parait en outre possible d'individualiser encore en profondeur deux niveaux plus anciens, moins bien définis que les premiers. L'ensemble du Quaternaire correspond à des alternances répétées de faciès estuariens et lagunaires ( ou marécageux).
Les formations les mieux reconnues sont constituées successivement par des argiles et graviers estuariens, transgressifs, à muscovite et kaolinite, puis par des argiles tourbeuses et pyriteuses lagunaires, correspondant à la régression préflandrienne; au-dessus reposent de nouvelles formations argilo-sableuses estuariennes à kaolinite et hydrargillite, plus riches en fer et en biotite que les formations estuariennes anciennes; les vases d'estuaire actuelles constituent la partie superficielle de cet horizon flandrien. L'étude des pH et des compressibilités des argiles permet de mettre en évidence une phase d'érosion malgré la diagenèse des formations anciennes due à l'influence des tourbes préflandriennes.
On peut paralléliser les formations anciennes définies ici avec les "Older Sands" du plateau continental de la Nigeria (Allen, 1964), la formation superficielle formant l'équivalent latéral de la "Younger Suite" du même auteur.
I. - Les caractères sédimentologiques des terrasses fluviatiles et leur couverture limoneuse en Moyenne Durance.
Authors: Dubar Michel 
Published: May 2009

Sur le flanc de la vallée, entre Les Mées et Oraison (A -H -P ), huit niveaux fluviatiles sont étagés en contrebas de la surface fini-pliocène de Valensole. Chaque cailloutis fluviatile est caractérisé par la granulométrie de sa fraction grossière (indices d'hétérométrie et d'aplatissement des galets)
Les caractères sédimentologiques des limons de couverture sont donnés par diverses analyses : granulométries globale et des sables, minéralogie de la fraction argileuse, étude des minéraux lourds, exoscopie des quartz. L'homogénéite de ces limons a faciès loessique pose les problèmes de l'origine du matériel et de sa mise en place définitive.
Données nouvelles sur le Pléistocène supérieur des Alpes françaises du Sud. Le Würm récent du Bassin de la Bléone (Alpes de Haute Provence)
Authors: Jorda Maurice , Delibrias Georgette 
Published: May 2009

The sedimentological, pedological and stratigraphical study of the upper Pleistocene alluvial deposits in the Bleone Valley (Alpes de Haute Provence) throws a new light on the morphoclimatic evolution of the Southern French Alps during the last thirthy thousand years
Radiocarbon dating of vegetable debris ans charcoal makes it possible to establish the chronology of this evolution with precision. Thus the main wurmian terrace of the Bleone is dated from 25 000 to 20 000 BP. An important stage of interstadial pedogenesis is shown to have taken place around 20 000 BP ("Bleone neo-wurmian interstadium"). The last wurmian glacial maximum of the Bleone Valley is immediately posterior to that period of pedogenesis.
Les gisements du Paléolithique inférieur et moyen de Lorraine
Authors: Guillaume Christine 
Published: May 2009

Only five stratified sites are characteristic of the Paleolithic period in Lorraine, because of the absence of loess and cavities :
- Vassincourt (Meuse) « Sables verts » . Temporary halt of the transition period Middle Acheulean/Upper Acheulean, established on the bank of a branch of the river Ornain at temperate interstade of the beginning of the Riss period.
- Archettes (Vosges) « Rein de Péchotte » : Temporary halt of the Riss period.
- Chavelot (Vosges) « Clair Bois » : A stone chipping area on for levels established inside a dolina dug in the alluvium at the Riss-Wurm and the beginning of the Wurm period.
- Ludres (Meurthe-et-Moselle) « Bois de Chauvemont » : Disturbed archeological level with micoquian artefacts of the early Wurm period.
- Rebeuville (Vosges) « Grottes de Jeannue » : Wurmian sequence with moustenan and magdaleman levels, very poor in artefacts.
Evolution du réseau hydrographique dans le Sud-Ouest du Bassin de Paris pendant le Pliocène et le Quaternaire.
Authors: Macaire Jean Jacques 
Published: May 2009

Mineralogical composition, paleopedological types and spatially distribution studies of Loire, Cher, Indre, Vienne and Creuse'alluvial deposits, in Touraine and bordering area, let to trace the way of primitive flows and reveal seven formations dated from Pliocene to Holocene. The present Vienne'outline was already settled during the Pliocene, while the "pré-Cher" and "pré-Indre - pré-Creuse" wandered on the surface of plateaux : these rivers were bound to the "redonian" sea. The Loire river flowed then away to the central Paris basin.
Diversion of the Loire from Orleans to western country, individualization of Creuse and Indre and increasing incision in bed-rock arose during "redonian" regression (Tiglian ?). These events, and further acceleration of valleys incision appeared later (old Quaternary) in middle Touraine than in more southern or estern locations (Pliocene or Plio-Quaternary), result from epirogenic movements. Alluvial and erosion phases are compared, and influence of the Loire on morphogenic evolution of his affluents valleys is discussed.
Nature et distribution des dépôts glaciaires et périglaciaires en Irlande occidentale : discussion sur l'extension de ta dernière grande glaciation
Authors: Coudé Armel 
Published: May 2009

Definition and distribution of the glacial and periglacial deposits in Western Ireland : discussion about the extent of the last great glaciation.
In the Upper Pleistocene, Western Ireland was invaded by the Midlandian ice-sheet, except nunataks-mountains occupied by a contemporary local glaciation. A large assemblage of pleniglacial, cataglacial and end-glacial deposits is inherited from all these mountainous and regional ices. The periglacial processes occurred only on the high slopes of nunataks and in the early deglaciated lowlands.
In the late Tardiglacial, some comes were filled by a little mountain glaciation. The periglacial events were more extended but with a few intensity. During these cold periods, the retaining of the atlantic climate influences is proved by the varied glacial mountainous and regional periglacial heritages. In other respects, the re-examination of genetic and chronological datas of numerous lowland deposits shows that the last Great Glaciation was extended on all the western country : the probability of « unglaciated areas » (with severe periglacial inherited datas) is so very weak. Generally speaking, it seems necessary to re-examine the definition and extent criteria (originally palaeobotanical) of such « unglaciated areas » in other parts of Ireland.
La spécificité granulométrique des retombées volcaniques : l'exemple de la chute de ponces P1 à 1300 ans ap. J.-C. à la Montagne Pelée (Martinique)
Authors: Miskovsky Jean Claude , Bardintzeff Jacques Marie 
Published: May 2009

Les ponces émises lors de l'éruption plinienne P1 (1 300 ans ap. J.- C.) à la Montagne Pelée (Martinique) ont recouvert l'ensemble du volcan. Ce niveau, constituant un bon repère tephrochronologique a été étudié en détail.
- L'épaisseur des retombées (isopaques), de plusieurs mètres au niveau du cratère est encore de 50 cm à 10 km de celui-ci.
- Les médianes sont pour la plupart comprises entre 4,8 et 13,9 mm (—2,25 et — 3,8⌀), les classements entre 1,33 et 2,75 ⌀
- Les variations locales des paramètres granulométriques traduisent l'influence du tri par le vent ou par glissement « à sec ».
- Les paramètres granulométriques obtenus sont typiques des retombées pliniennes, bien différents de ceux des dépôts de la nuée ponceuse associée, très mal classée, avec une médiane faible.
L'enregistrement sédimentaire des fluctuations climatiques plurimillénaires. Examen d'un cas et perspectives d'avenir
Authors: Ferry Serge , De Beaulieu Jacques Louis 
Published: May 2009

La comparaison de carottes océaniques et continentales, parmi les meilleures existant à l'heure actuelle, montre une correspondance quasi-parfaite entre les niveaux de boues calcaires et de tourbe (ou gyttja) qui signalent, dans l'Atlantique Nord et d'anciens lacs d'Europe, tous les réchauffements, même mineurs, des 130 derniers milliers d'années (fig 1). En d'autres termes, malgré des différences radicales d'échelles et de milieux, l'océan et les lacs pénglaciaires, chacun à sa manière, réagissaient de façon similaire aux sollicitations climatiques : chute générale des apports terngènes pendant les périodes chaudes, compensée par une élévation de la production organique, carbonatée planctonique en mer, végétale à terre.
L'avènement du carottier hydraulique a multiplié par dix la profondeur d'investigation des sédiments océaniques sans perturbation des structures sédimentaires. Les cycles atlantiques plus anciens devenant accessibles, notre comparaison montre qu'il importe de trouver à terre des remplissages lacustres plus complets, afin d'y rechercher ces mêmes correspondances lithologiques fines pour les 7 ou 8 autres grandes glaciations antérieures reconnues C'est le préliminaire obligatoire à toute révision sérieuse des échelles stratigraphiques comparées du Quaternaire.
Mais l'intérêt de ces correspondances ne se limite pas au Quaternaire. Il existe des analogies troublantes entre les cycles calcaire-marne des sédiments pélagiques récents et ceux de certaines époques du Tertiaire et du Secondaire. Elles pourraient suggérer tout d'abord que la fluctuation climatique quaternaire n'est que l'exagération d'un bruit de fond permanent dont d'ailleurs les périodicités, tout autant que l'intensité, ont pu varier au cours du temps (théorie astronomique des climats, analyse spectrale des cycles sédimentaires anciens). Ensuite, à l'instar de ce que nous montrons dans le Quaternaire, l'espoir de corrélations lithostratigraphiques à grande distance, d'une finesse extrême, n'est plus tout à fait saugrenu pour des périodes aussi anciennes que le Crétacé.
Il reste cependant, pour la période récente, à tester la fiabilité de ces correspondances dans des bassins plus éloignés, en se souvenant que tourbe et gyttja ne sont pas les marqueurs obligatoires des réchauffements dans les lacs, ce peut être le calcaire ou tout autre faciès qu'il importe de mettre en équivalence Dans cette recherche, le contrôle par le pollen sera un élément déterminant car de multiples facteurs parasites peuvent perturber l'accord parfait entre climat et sédimentation dont nous venons de montrer un cas.
Caractères de la végétation post-eemienne anté-pléniglaciaire weichselien en Bretagne (France)
Authors: Morzadec-Kerfourn Marie Thérèse 
Published: May 2009

Le cortège pollinique des argiles de Dingé (Ille-et-Vilaine) montre l'existence d'une forêt à caractère boréal : Pinus et Betula dominants, lors des phases de réchauffement du début du Weichsélien en Bretagne. Les arbres thermophiles : Quercus, Corylus, Alnus, atteignent 38 % du total des pollens d'arbre, Carpinus 20 %.
Les plantes herbacées : Graminées, Cypéracées, Composées, Ericacées, ont fourni l'essentiel du contenu pollinique des argiles de Plouézec (Côtes-du-Nord) et de Guilers (Finistère). Les arbres disparaissent progressivement à l'exception de Pinus et Salix, indiquant l'installation de conditions steppiques pléniglaciaires.
Altération et paléoaltération des minéraux lourds des alluvions pliocenes et pleistocenes du bassin de l'Allier (Massif central, France)
Authors: Pastre Jean François 
Published: May 2009

Scanning electron microscopy of the heavy minerals of alluvial deposits of the Allier basin, shows the high frequency of etching figures liable to in-situ weathering. A study of these figures and of their evolution is propounded.
Weathering stage is inclined to grow together with the age of the deposits. While the most sensible minerals disappeared, etching figures increase progressively on the others.
The different effects, observed in the various formations, show the stratigraphical implications of these type of weathering. This example insists on the role of the weathering for the modification of initial associations.
Quelques faciès d'altération de fragments carbonates en grottes et abris sous roche préhistoriques
Authors: Courty Marie Agnès 
Published: May 2009

Weathering features of limestone fragments from prehistoric sediments of late Pleistocene and Holocene caves and shelters are characterized with microscopic techniques (polarizing microscope and scanning electron microscope). A comparison with the weathering features developed on the walls of the same sites but under the present-day conditions is presented.
The transformation of limestone fragments and of the surrounding sediment result from the intensity of the weathering and the nature of processes. Several sequences of alteration can thus be distinguished.
Interpretations are proposed, supported on data reporting the present-day weathering processes of limestones (in soils and construction stones). The active role of the biological agents on the development of the weathering paleofeatures observed can be appraised.
Finally, the paleoenvironmental implications of the weathering features described is considered.
Désagrégation des parois rocheuses et climat : approche thermique et thermodynamique
Authors: Le Ber Marc , Oter Duthoit Liliane 
Published: May 2009

The result of daily range of temperature, and frost more than anything else, is weathering of walls, which culminate in fragmentai deposition. The screes set like that originated the slope-deposits which are climatically interprétable therefore.
Microchmatic conditions near the wall determine the temperatures within the rock. So, exact solutions for relations between temperature and fragmentation are first of all a thermal problem For resolving Fourier's equations, thermophysical parameters of the studied rock can be measured varying as temperature and moistness with the help of Signal Theory methods.
In a wall, most of part of potential energy gives off cryaergical pressures is dissipated, by feedback Joule's effect, for heat flows. These flux, gradual loss of energy, can only produce an internal increment of entropy By physical nature of entropy, its internal increment describes quantitatively the irreversible evolution of molecular decoherences at every depth (fatigue) which culminate in fissuration.
The brutal increment of entropy during congelation is verified by experiment and corresponds to a perfect thermal shock. This decisive phase occurs, for the studied rock waterlogged, at — 3 °C, what quations cryosclastic screes layers attribution to climatic periods much like penglacial.
Modalités et chronologie de la déglaciation würmienne dans l'arc alpin occidental et les massifs français : synthèse et réflexions
Authors: Montjuvent Guy , Nicoud Gérard 
Published: May 2009

Synthesis of the results given in the papers presented during the colloquium "Conditions and Chronology of the wurmian déglaciation in the Western Alps and the French mountains" (AFEQ - Chambéry 1988) shows a certain number of convergences in the paleogeography and chronology of the wurmian glaciation, despite some local divergences :
— a first and maximal advance of the glaciers before 38 400 BP;
— a first "mesowurmian" interstage overlapping the 38 400-31 350 BP interval;
— a second, complexe advance (Recurrence), within a "neowiirmian" interstage overlapping the 35 700-27 400 BP interval;
— a second "neowurmian" interstage overlapping the 27 400-19 350 interval;
— a final advance, during the Recurrence, and later than 22 300 BP with no precise upper limit.
The déglaciation, actually begun with the first interstage, exhibits complex features and is of large duration.
Besides these results, the problems of the datas and of their interpretation, of the nearly non-existant correlations, of the plentiful, ill-defined terminology, and of the outstanding part played by the observation conditions, are emphasized.
Further prospects are not only completion of both local and regional syntheses, but even more important increasing the number of drillings; the increase being governed by avalaible means.
Dynamique et chronostratigraphie du détritisme quaternaire en Corse, domaine méditerranéen montagnard et littoral
Authors: Conchon Odette 
Published: May 2009

Detrital phenomena occupied a predominant place in the evolution of Quaternary landscapes on Corsica island, due to various systems.
On the slopes, mudflows are among the most efficient modern processes both at low altitude and in mountains, while gélifraction is active specially above 2 000 m. During the Pleistocene, gélifraction was efficient also at low altitudes and contribute, together wfth weathering, to the formation of slope deposits in granitic and schist regions.
In valleys, modern river floods can move boulders of several m3. Solid flow is estimated to be in the order of several thousand tons for a decennial river flood in eastern Corsica. Quaternary fluvial sediments were deposited after Mediterranean rains and floods as today, and also mainly during ice melting. Tills and glacio-fluvial sediments cover slopes and upper valleys, where they are attributed to the penultimate glaciation and to three stages of the last glaciation. According to their presence or absence, and to their extension, glacial and colluvial deposits have registered variations of rainfalls during the cold stages of the Wiirmian.
On the shoreline, fluvial, eolian and slope deposits were reworked by interglacial seas, under high, middle or low hydrodynamic conditions, sometimes different from modern conditions in the same places.
Cold stage type sections. Some thoughts on a difficult problem
Authors: Gibbard Philip , Turner Charles 
Published: May 2009

It is important to apply formal chronostratigraphical and lithostratigraphical procedures to the subdivision of Pleistocene sediment sequences and especially to define both regional and local stratotypes. There are particular problems related to the definition of cold stage stratotypes in areas that have been subjected to glaciation. However, many of the widely-used terms applied to Pleistocene cold stages in Europe, notably Weichselian, Saalian, Elsterian, Riss, Mindel and Gunz, still possess no formally defined stratotypes.
Problems regarding nomenclature and correlation of Pleistocene sequences, largely arising from non-definition or unsatisfactory definition of stratotypes, are illustrated with reference to the Saalian of northern Continental Europe and the Wolstonian of Britain. Recommendations are presented to encourage and improve the selection and definition of cold stage stratotypes.
A boundary stratotype for the British Wolstonian Stage is defined in an appendix.
The fauna of bats from the Upper Pleistocene locality of Santenay (Côte-d'Or, France).
Authors: Sevilla Paloma 
Published: May 2009

The bat fauna from the locality of Santenay (Burgundy, France) is described. This locality constitutes one of the richest in bat remains from the French upper Pleistocene. Eight species are represented in the material, five of which belong to the genus Myotis, M. bechsteini, M. nattereri, M. emarginatus, M. brandti and M. daubent oni. M. bechsteini is the dominating species. The two European Plecotus species are represented in Santenay by a high number of remains, whereas Barbastella barbastellus and Rhinolophus hipposideros have a low representation.
The association of bat species in Santenay is not common in the French Quaternary. The absence of termophilous species, together with the high percentage of mainly tree-dwelling species, indicates a relatively cold climate. The high diversity seems to indicate a change in the climate, most probably from a milder to a colder climate.
Paléoécologie holocène des Marais du Rocher en Maillezais (Vendée), dans le Marais Poitevin (Littoral Atlantique - France)
Authors: Visset Lionel , Voeltzel Didier , Maisonneuve Eliane , Nikodic Jean , Margerel Jean Pierre , Borne Viviane 
Published: May 2009

This study allows the succession of palaeoenvironments in this marshland to be followed from approximately 7000 BP. The process of progressive emersion is particularly clearly documented. The succession of palaeoenvironments is as follows :
— a coastal, sea-edge environment, with the shoreline following the limestone relief (first half of the armorican atlantic period),
— a marine marshland, at first relatively landlocked, but later in closer contact with the sea (second half of the armorican atlantic period),
— a lagoon environment, extending over more of the limestone as a result of the infilling of the marshland basin (5 700 to 3600 BP),
— continued infilling, linked perhaps with a general marine regression, leading to a marshland environment of inland type. In situ peat deposits allow the level reached by the highest seas at this period to be determined (2 630 to 370 BP),
— finally, an environment once more of coastal type, but disturbed by human intervention (building of dams) (after 370 BP).
The deposits encountered here correspond to those described in the notice of the 1 : 50,000 geological map for Marans : marine alluvium attributed to the Flandrian (MFya : clay with Scrobicularia, green or blue, labelled "bri ancien"), resting on a Jurassic bedrock (J3c2 : clayey limestone of upper Callovian age), and covered by marshland sediments (FTz : peaty alluvium). This sequence is valid throughout the Maillezais area for land under 3 m above sea level.