bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soy Protein Adhesive Blends with Synthetic Latex on Wood Veneer
Authors: Qi Guangyan , Sun Xiuzhi Susan 
Published: August 2010

AbstractEnvironmental pollution has prompted an interest in and a need for bio‐based wood adhesives. Modified soy protein has shown adhesion properties similar to those of formaldehyde based adhesives. The objective of this research was to investigate the compatibility of a modified soy protein (MSP) with six commercial synthetic latex adhesives (SLAs). Four different blending ratios of MSP and SLAs were studied. Adhesion; structural change; and rheological, thermal, and morphological properties of the MSP/SLAs blends were characterized. Dry adhesion strength of MSP, SLAs and their blends were all similar with 100% wood cohesive failure. Water resistance of all six SLAs was improved by blending with MSP in terms of the wet adhesion strength. The wet adhesion strength of MSP/PBG (40/60) blends was 6.416 MPa, as compared to 4.66 MPa of pure PBG (press bond glue, urea formaldehyde based resin). Viscosity of MSP/SLAs blends was reduced significantly and reached the lowest value at 40–60% MSP. Infrared spectra, thermal properties, and morphological images indicated that chemical reactions occurred between soy protein and PBG molecules. The MSP provided some functional groups, such as carboxylic (–COOH), hydroxyl (–OH) and amino groups (–NH2), that cross‐linked with hydroxymethyl groups (–CH2–OH) of PBG, and also acted as an acidic catalyst for the self‐polymerization of urea formaldehyde based resin.
Klinik und Genetik des Joubert-Syndroms
Authors: Hellenbroich Y. , Frost S.-K. , Gillessen-Kaesbach G. 
Published: August 2010

Zusammenfassung
Das Joubert-Syndrom ist ein überwiegend autosomal-rezessiv und sehr selten X-chromosomal erbliches Krankheitsbild, das durch eine muskuläre Hypotonie, ein irreguläres Atmungsmuster, Augenbewegungsstörungen, eine Ataxie, eine Entwicklungsverzögerung und ein „molar tooth sign“ in der Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) als Ausdruck einer komplexen Klein- und Mittelhirnfehlbildung charakterisiert ist. Zahlreiche weitere klinische Auffälligkeiten können vorliegen, die häufigsten sind eine Nephronophthise, eine Retinopathie, Kolobome und eine Leberfibrose. Aufgrund der klinischen Variabilität und der Überlappung mit anderen Syndromen wurde der Begriff „Joubert syndrome and related disorders“ (JSRD) eingeführt. Bislang sind 10 Gene bekannt, deren Mutationen zu einem Joubert-Syndrom führen können. Die kodierten Proteine spielen alle eine funktionelle Rolle in Zilien.
Does the Pirani score predict relapse in clubfoot?
Authors: Goriainov Vitali , Judd Julia , Uglow Mike 
Published: August 2010

Purpose Presented here is a retrospective clinical audit of clubfoot patients to determine the value of the Pirani clubfoot scoring system at initial presentation in the estimation of subsequent relapse. Methods All clubfoot patients treated by the same surgeon from 2002 to 2006 were included. The treatment adhered to the standard protocol, involving weekly stretching and casting until the foot was corrected, followed by Achilles tenotomy and plasters for 3 weeks. Thereafter, the child was placed in a foot abduction splint. The severity of clubfoot was assessed using the Pirani scoring system, consisting of two sub-scores—the midfoot contracture score ( MFCS) and the hindfoot contracture score ( HFCS). The MFCS and HFCS can each be 0.0–3.0, giving rise to a total Pirani score ( TPS) of 0.0–6.0. Any recurrent deformity was classed as a relapse. Results Sixty-one clubfoot patients were treated. Five patients were lost to follow-up and six patients were excluded due to the presence of identified syndromes or having had primary treatment elsewhere. A total of 80 clubfeet were included. There were 17 relapses. The average interval between the initiation of foot abduction splint and relapse was 23 months. The median TPS was 3.5 in the no relapse group and 5.0 in the relapse group. The median MFCS was 1.5 in the no relapse group and 2.0 in the relapse group. The median HFCS was 2.0 in the no relapse group and 3.0 in the relapse group. Higher TPS and HFCS were statistically significant when the relapse group was analysed against the no relapse group ( P = 0.05 × 10−4 and 0.02 × 10−4, respectively). Conclusions Higher Pirani scores were associated with the late relapse group. The TPS and HFCS were shown to be statistically significant predictors of potential relapse. Closer follow-up is advised for patients at risk of relapse.
New insights into hominin lithic activities at FLK North Bed I, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania
Authors: Diez-Martin F. , Sanchez Yustos P. , Domínguez-Rodrigo M. , Mabulla A.Z.P. , Bunn H.T. , Ashley G.M. , Barba R. , Baquedano E. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractRecent work at FLK North (FLK N) has unearthed a new archaeological assemblage recovered with precise control of its stratigraphic position. In the present work, the technological study of the new lithic sample is described. The results show the co-occurrence in the same site of different technological behaviors. At FLK N, hominins were involved in both percussion/battering activities and through freehand and bipolar knapping, in core reduction. However, the reconstruction of the operational sequences shows that core reduction was probably a marginal behavior, while percussion/battering activities occurred more regularly throughout the sequence. If hominins were not involved in regular carcass processing, as recent taphonomic studies suggest, then hominins' sporadic and low-impact visits to the site over a long period of time must have been driven by other activities probably linked to the exploitation of alternative resources. Plant processing could have been a plausible explanation for hominin presence at FLK N.
Microfluidic System for Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Ring Elisabeth A. , de Jonge Niels 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe present a microfluidic system that maintains liquid flow in a specimen chamber for scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) imaging. The specimen chamber consists of two ultrathin silicon nitride windows supported by silicon microchips. They are placed in a specimen holder that seals the sample from the vacuum in the electron microscope and incorporates tubing to and from the sample connected to a syringe pump outside the microscope. Using results obtained from fluorescence microscopy of microspheres flowing through the system, an equation to characterize the liquid flow through the system was calibrated. Gold nanoparticles of diameters of 30 and 100 nm moving in liquid were imaged with a 200 kV STEM. It was concluded that despite strong influences from Brownian motion, and sensitivity to small changes in the depth of the bypass channel, the electron microscopy flow data matched the calculated flow speed within an order of magnitude. The system allows for rapid (within a minute) liquid exchange, which can potentially be used, for example, to investigate the response of specimens, e.g., eukaryotic or bacterial cells, to certain stimuli.
The multiannual management plan for cod in the Baltic Sea: reactions and sentiments in two German fishing communities
Authors: Strehlow Harry V. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Strehlow, H. V. 2010. The multiannual management plan for cod in the Baltic Sea: reactions and sentiments in two German fishing communities. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1963–1971. Just before and one and a half years after the implementation of the Multiannual Management Plan for the Cod Stocks in the Baltic Sea, the same two fishing communities on the German Baltic coast were visited to try to understand the impacts of the plan. Such information is a prerequisite for policy-makers to mitigate possible negative consequences on specific fleet sectors. During semi-structured interviews, observations, and group discussions, information on the reactions and the sentiments about the plan prevailing in the communities was collected. In general, the plan found widespread approval, because it improved planning reliability for fishers and cooperatives considerably. Conversely, the reduction in fishing effort stipulated in the plan has had strong adverse effects on small-scale fishers. The survey furthermore revealed that this fishery segment using passive fishing gear is among the most vulnerable, because it is the interest group with the lowest income, little resilience to cope with further restrictions, and no lobby to improve their position.
A Two-handed Jaw-thrust Technique Is Superior to the One-handed “EC-clamp” Technique for Mask Ventilation in the Apneic Unconscious Person
Authors: Joffe Aaron M. , Hetzel Scott , Liew Elaine C. 
Published: August 2010

Background
Mask ventilation is considered a "basic" skill for airway management. A one-handed "EC-clamp" technique is most often used after induction of anesthesia with a two-handed jaw-thrust technique reserved for difficult cases. Our aim was to directly compare both techniques with the primary outcome of air exchange in the lungs.

Methods
Forty-two elective surgical patients were mask-ventilated after induction of anesthesia by using a one-handed "EC-clamp" technique and a two-handed jaw-thrust technique during pressure-control ventilation in randomized, crossover fashion. When unresponsive to a jaw thrust, expired tidal volumes were recorded from the expiratory limb of the anesthesia machine each for five consecutive breaths. Inadequate mask ventilation and dead-space ventilation were defined as an average tidal volume less than 4 ml/kg predicted body weight or less than 150 ml/breath, respectively. Differences in minute ventilation and tidal volume between techniques were assessed with the use of a mixed-effects model.

Results
Patients were (mean ± SD) 56 ± 18 yr old with a body mass index of 30 ± 7.1 kg/m. Minute ventilation was 6.32 ± 3.24 l/min with one hand and 7.95 ± 2.70 l/min with two hands. The tidal volume was 6.80 ± 3.10 ml/kg predicted body weight with one hand and 8.60 ± 2.31 ml/kg predicted body weight with two hands. Improvement with two hands was independent of the order used. Inadequate or dead-space ventilation occurred more frequently during use of the one-handed compared with the two-handed technique (14 vs. 5%; P = 0.013).

Conclusion
A two-handed jaw-thrust mask technique improves upper airway patency as measured by greater tidal volumes during pressure-controlled ventilation than a one-handed "EC-clamp" technique in the unconscious apneic person.
Remifentanil Versus Fentanyl for Esophagogastroduodenoscopy in Children
Authors: Hirsh Irina , Lerner Aaron , Shnaider Ilia , Reuveni Amit , Pacht Avi , Segol Ori , Pizov Reuven 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTObjectives:We compared sedation by propofol combined with either fentanyl or remifentanil in pediatric outpatients undergoing diagnostic esophagogastroduodenoscopy.Patients and Methods:Forty‐two children scheduled for esophagogastroduodenoscopy in our institution were randomly assigned to receive 2 mg/kg propofol plus either 1 μg/kg bolus of fentanyl (group F; n = 20) or 0.5 μg/kg bolus of remifentanil (group R; n = 22). Cardiorespiratory parameters, sedation level, adverse effects related to the drugs and/or to the procedure, ease of performance for the endoscopist, and time to awakening were analyzed.Results:There were no clinically significant changes in hemodynamics. Apnea periods >20 seconds and decreases in SaO2 <90% occurred more frequently in group R (31.8% vs 0%, P < 0.01, and 27.3% vs 5.0%, P > 0.05, respectively). Children in group R had significantly shorter average time to awakening: 9.5 ± 5.6 vs 16.5 ± 10.5 minutes (P = 0.01), and received a significantly lower total dose of propofol (P = 0.034). Adverse effects within the first 24 hours postprocedure occurred less frequently in group R (P = 0.03).Conclusions:Remifentanil in combination with propofol provides good analgesic and sedative effects, which were shorter lasting compared with fentanyl‐based sedation, and caused fewer delayed adverse effects. The use of remifentanil was associated with respiratory depression, emphasizing the need for experienced anesthesiologists.
Arabidopsis Basic Leucine-Zipper Transcription Factors TGA9 and TGA10 Interact with Floral Glutaredoxins ROXY1 and ROXY2 and Are Redundantly Required for Anther Development
Authors: Murmu Jhadeswar , Bush Michael J. , DeLong Catherine , Li Shutian , Xu Mingli , Khan Madiha , Malcolmson Caroline , Fobert Pierre R. , Zachgo Sabine , Hepworth Shelley R. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractROXY1 and ROXY2 are CC-type floral glutaredoxins with redundant functions in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) anther development. We show here that plants lacking the basic leucine-zipper transcription factors TGA9 and TGA10 have defects in male gametogenesis that are strikingly similar to those in roxy1 roxy2 mutants. In tga9 tga10 mutants, adaxial and abaxial anther lobe development is differentially affected, with early steps in anther development blocked in adaxial lobes and later steps affected in abaxial lobes. Distinct from roxy1 roxy2, microspore development in abaxial anther lobes proceeds to a later stage with the production of inviable pollen grains contained within nondehiscent anthers. Histological analysis shows multiple defects in the anther dehiscence program, including abnormal stability and lignification of the middle layer and defects in septum and stomium function. Compatible with these defects, TGA9 and TGA10 are expressed throughout early anther primordia but resolve to the middle and tapetum layers during meiosis of pollen mother cells. Several lines of evidence suggest that ROXY promotion of anther development is mediated in part by TGA9 and TGA10. First, TGA9 and TGA10 expression overlaps with ROXY1/2 during anther development. Second, TGA9/10 and ROXY1/2 operate downstream of SPOROCYTELESS/NOZZLE, where they positively regulate a common set of genes that contribute to tapetal development. Third, TGA9 and TGA10 directly interact with ROXY proteins in yeast and in plant cell nuclei. These findings suggest that activation of TGA9/10 transcription factors by ROXY-mediated modification of cysteine residues promotes anther development, thus broadening our understanding of how redox-regulated TGA factors function in plants.
HE@Work: three year longitudinal employee learning attitudes survey of large private businesses, 2008‐2010
Authors: Roodhouse Simon , Mumford John 
Published: August 2010

PurposeThis paper aims to bring together three years of surveying large business employer attitudes to higher‐level training and development.Design/methodology/researchA survey instrument used was a self‐completed web based questionnaire with a common core of questions to all three surveys.FindingsSuccessive UK governments continue to invest heavily in the formal education system to give individuals the chance to realize their potential, for the social and economic good. In the UK, while 42 percent of 18‐30 year olds participate in higher education, there is little interest for others, particularly those in work. The rationale takes these observations further by pointing out that the established further and higher education system has been highly successful in developing and delivering entry to work programs for many years; that is, qualifying people for work at higher levels. Similarly, business continues to provide targeted training for its employees as it has always done. The rationale argues that it is equally important to recognize that universities have a stake in workforce development, the labor market, and, employer demand engaging in work‐based learning. However, there is no common language as yet between universities and employers; and there are national structural faults in the system for example splitting further and higher education and allowing different structural arrangements for training and higher education. Consequently it is no surprise that work‐based learning as “the new kid on the curriculum and qualification block” in higher education is less well developed than perhaps it should be.Practical implicationsThe implications for higher education and government drawn from three years of large business surveys is employees continue to see employers and professional bodies as much more credible delivers of work‐based learning than higher or further education institutions and the gap is progressively widening even with employer engagement policies being pursued by government through its higher education funding agency in England. The overarching implication from the surveys is that a renewed focus on work‐based learning in the workplace is likely to pay dividends.Originality/valueHE@Work conducted the same surveys in 2008, 2009 and 2010 of large private sector businesses employing over 2000 people who provided a snapshot insight into employee attitudes in large organizations in the UK and an indication of the views of employees about work‐based learning and its value to them. For the first time these results provide a longitudinal analysis of attitudes in large businesses including the effects of the UK economic recession.
Patents under the microscope
Authors: MacMillan Don , Thuna Mindy 
Published: August 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to broaden the inclusion of patent searching in information literacy instruction by extending it from chemistry and engineering into the life sciences.Design/methodology/approachTwo case studies, one undergraduate and one graduate, from two Canadian universities described the addition of patent searching to information literacy instruction in genetics and biotechnology.FindingsResults indicate that the integration of patents into information literacy sessions at the undergraduate and graduate levels not only enhance students' information literacy skills, but also help students learn more about the disciplines of genetics and biotechnology.Practical implicationsThe results of this paper have practical and pedagogical implications for librarians teaching students how to use patents as a primary source of scientific information in the life sciences and may provide useful information for any librarians who wish to introduce students to patents.Originality/valueWhile most of the literature about the integration of patent searching in information literacy instruction focuses on chemistry and engineering, this paper shows how integral patent information is to the life sciences, and how familiarity with patent searching can enhance student understanding of the scientific information environment.
Designing a writing intensive course with information literacy and critical thinking learning outcomes
Authors: Armstrong Jeanne 
Published: August 2010

PurposeThe paper aims to describe the process of redesigning the American Cultural Studies 499 course in order to integrate information literacy (IL) and critical thinking outcomes into specific assignments. Since this research and writing proficiency course at Western Washington University have traditionally been taught by a librarian with background in the discipline, the paper also considers the challenges in communication between librarians and discipline instructors about the concepts of IL and critical thinking.Design/methodology/approachReviews of the literature on IL across the curriculum and on partnerships between librarians and discipline instructors will be combined with an analysis of the structure of the 499 course and the relevance of various sets of learning outcomes to the course.FindingsWith more pressure on higher education to demonstrate the relevance and benefits of educational programs, this paper has the potential of enhancing communication among librarians and discipline instructors by considering the continuum between IL and critical thinking and the advantages of embedding IL or library research training into writing intensive courses.Originality/valueSeveral proponents of IL across the curriculum have considered the challenges in communicating the importance of IL to discipline course instructors who usually emphasize “critical thinking” rather than IL. Since this 499 course has always been taught by a librarian, this paper can view this issue from the perspective of a librarian who is also the discipline instructor for this writing proficiency course.
Reference questions as an authentic assessment of information literacy
Authors: Cordell Rosanne M. , Fisher Linda F. 
Published: August 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a study which was designed to use questions asked at an Information Commons Desk as an authentic assessment to determine if an information literacy course actually changes research behavior outside of information literacy course assignments.Design/methodology/approachFor four years, the initial reference question asked at the Information Commons Desk was recorded, along with demographic information and whether the user had taken the required introduction to information literacy course. A taxonomy of research questions was developed, based on Bloom's Taxonomy of Educational Objectives Handbook I: Cognitive Domain, and each question was assigned a sophistication level, according to the authors' taxonomy.FindingsOver a four‐year period, means of the taxonomy levels of questions showed a clear trend upward each spring semester over the previous spring semester.Research limitations/implicationsStatistically significant differences were not found in the data comparing categories of students. The nature of the study left it open to influence by such unexpected factors as a sharp rise in enrollment and transfers to campus, possibly diluting the overall effect of the course on the student population.Practical implicationsThe information literacy course has undergone regular pre‐ and post‐test assessments, which show a highly significant difference between the scores. Feedback from campus faculty indicates greater satisfaction in the research abilities of undergraduate students who have taken this course. This study further supports the value of a required information literacy course as part of the general education program for all undergraduate students.Originality/valueThe taxonomy of research questions used in this study was designed by the authors and is unique in the depth in which it differentiates levels of research knowledge. Other researchers are encouraged to modify, expand, or use this taxonomy in their own research to further the profession's understanding of the cognitive levels of research behaviors.
Outsourcing of employers' responsibilities in the false name of flexibility
Authors: Sheikh Abdullah Z. 
Published: August 2010

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to report on an in‐depth study of “pay‐rolling” agencies. Pay‐rolling agencies are a particular form of employment intermediaries through which employers attempt to bypass statutory obligations concerning workers' benefit entitlements and trade union rights, simply by paying workers through an agency. The paper was prompted by the growing amount of anecdotal evidence suggesting proliferation of pay‐rolling agency systems in Pakistan.Design/methodology/approachThe paper involved a total of 97 interviews were undertaken in six case studies across three industrial sectors with employees, employers, agency and union officials and industry specialists.FindingsFindings revealed sufficient evidence on the use of pay‐rolling agencies. The results confirmed the anecdotal evidence that some employment agencies are not truly genuine. The evidence suggested that there is a growing trend for agencies to be simply a sham arrangement, refuting the notion that temporary agency work has only been a natural and inevitable response to changes in the economy.Originality/valueThe paper furthers the understanding of the motives and characteristics of agency employment beyond the conventional model of genuine agency work.