bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gas‐Phase Formation of Sulfurous Acid (H2SO3) in the Atmosphere
Authors: Berndt Torsten , Hoffmann Erik H. , Tilgner Andreas , Herrmann Hartmut 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSulfurous acid (H2SO3) is known to be thermodynamically instable decomposing into SO2 and H2O. All attempts to detect this elusive acid in solution failed up to now. Reported H2SO3 formation from an experiment carried out in a mass spectrometer as well as results from theoretical calculations, however, indicated a possible kinetic stability in the gas phase. Here, it is shown experimentally that H2SO3 is formed in the OH radical‐initiated gas‐phase oxidation of methanesulfinic acid (CH3S(O)OH) at 295±0.5 K and 1 bar of air with a molar yield of
%. Further main products are SO2, SO3 and methanesulfonic acid. CH3S(O)OH represents an important intermediate product of dimethyl sulfide oxidation in the atmosphere. Global modeling predicts an annual H2SO3 production of ∼8 million metric tons from the OH+CH3S(O)OH reaction. The investigated H2SO3 depletion in the presence of water vapor results in k(H2O+H2SO3) <3×10−18 cm3 molecule−1 s−1, which indicates a lifetime of at least one second for atmospheric humidity. This work provides experimental evidence that H2SO3, once formed in the gas phase, is kinetically stable enough to allow its characterization and subsequent reactions.
Anti‐fouling capacity enhancement of thin‐film composite polyamide membrane by chitosan graft polymerization methods
Authors: Duong Quan Xuan , Lai Huong Thi Mai , Ngo Thu Hong Anh 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to improve the anti‐fouling properties of a thin‐film composite polyamide membrane by modifying it with chitosan and acrylic acid using UV‐induced and Redox‐initiated graft polymerization methods. The modified membrane's separation performance was evaluated by measuring the flux and retention of sodium ions in water during filtration. The anti‐fouling capacities of the modified membranes were determined by measuring the maintained flux ratios and irreversible fouling factors during the 8‐h filtration of aqueous solutions of sodium chloride at different concentrations (1000 and 10,000 ppm). In addition, by evaluating the membrane's surface properties using various methods, including field emission scanning electron microscopy, attenuated total reflection – Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and water contact angle measurements, we have demonstrated the validity of the experimental results. Our results showed that the grafted membranes under UV irradiation or redox initiators had enhanced anti‐fouling properties while maintaining salt retention. The modified membranes fabricated by UV‐induced or Redox‐initiated technique had superior anti‐fouling capabilities, with irreversible fouling factors and maintained flux ratios of around 8% and 43%, respectively, after 8 h of filtration, compared to only 12% and 36% for the unmodified membrane. These findings suggest that the modified membranes have the potential for use in filtration systems to prevent the fouling phenomenon.
Sulfo ethyl cellulose/Nafion composite for high‐temperature proton exchange membrane
Authors: Charradi Khaled , Landolsi Zoubaida , Heinze Thomas , Brahmia Ameni , Chtourou Radhouane , Keshk Sherif M. A. S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study investigated the potential enhancement of proton conductivity in Nafion membranes through the incorporation of sulfo ethyl cellulose (SEC) at varying weight ratios (5 and 10 wt.%). Results indicated that increasing the weight ratio of SEC led to improvements in water absorption, activation energy, and proton conductivity within the composite membranes. Specifically, the composite membrane exhibited a significant increase in proton conductivity, reaching up to 170 mS cm−1, in contrast to the pristine Nafion membrane which recorded 40.08 mS cm−1, particularly at temperatures exceeding 120°C. At the sub‐molecular level, Fourier transfer inferred spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of Nafion/SEC membranes unveiled cross‐linking interactions occurring between the sulfo acid groups of Nafion chains and the hydroxyls within the SEC matrix. Moreover, X‐ray diffraction (XRD) findings of the composite membranes were instrumental in identifying crystalline phases, orientation, and structural features. The results indicated variations in atomic radius and alterations in lattice parameters at the nanoscale, induced by heightened surface forces resulting from the inclusion of SEC in the Nafion matrix. This phenomenon leads to a reduction in crystallite size, accompanied by an increase in peak broadening and surface area within the composite membranes. Such changes signify a clear interaction between SEC and Nafion, as confirmed by both scanning electron microscopy and thermal gravimetry analyses. Taken together, these findings strongly indicate that the cross‐linked composite membranes utilizing SEC‐Nafion hold significant promise as proton exchange membranes.
Utilizing poly(4‐hydroxybutyrate) as a reinforcing additive to produce high‐performance and biodegradable PBAT blends tailored for foaming applications
Authors: Cui Jinyun , Wang Huaping , Chen Xinyi , Kan Ze , Li Zhibo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPoly(butylene‐adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) is recognized for its advantages as a biodegradable thermoplastic polyester. However, its application is often limited due to low strength and poor processability. In contrast, poly(4‐hydroxybutyrate) (P4HB) emerges as a fully biodegradable polyester characterized by high strength, excellent toughness, and facile processing. In this study, P4HB was employed to reinforce PBAT, and glycidyl methacrylate grafted onto poly(4‐hydroxybutyrate) (P4HB‐g‐GMA) was introduced as an effective compatibilizer to address their inherent incompatibility. The study explored the influence of P4HB‐g‐GMA content on the mechanical, thermal, morphological, and rheological properties of the blends. The findings revealed that P4HB‐g‐GMA significantly enhanced the compatibility, mechanical properties, and melt strength of PBAT/P4HB blends. Furthermore, various PBAT/P4HB foams were prepared through a batch foaming process, employing supercritical CO2 as a physical foaming agent. The volume expansion ratio and cell size of PBAT/P4HB foams increased with higher levels of the compatibilizer.
High Capacity and Fast Kinetics Enabled by Metal‐Doping in Prussian Blue Analogue Cathodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yimtrakarn Trakarn , Lo Yi‐An , Kongcharoenkitkul Jakkraphat , Lee Jui‐Chin , Kaveevivitchai Watchareeya 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPrussian blue analogues (PBAs) have gained tremendous attention as promising low‐cost electrochemically‐tunable electrode materials, which can accommodate large Na+ ions with attractive specific capacity and charge‐discharge kinetics. However, poor cycling stability caused by lattice strain and volume change remains to be improved. Herein, metal‐doping strategy has been demonstrated in FeNiHCF, Na1.40Fe0.90Ni0.10[Fe(CN)6]0.85 ⋅ 1.3H2O, delivering a capacity as high as 148 mAh g−1 at 10 mA g−1. At an exceptionally high rate of 25.6 A g−1, a reversible capacity of ~55 mAh g−1 still can be obtained with a very small capacity decay rate of 0.02 % per cycle for 1000 cycles, considered one of the best among all metal‐doped PBAs. This exhibits the stabilizing effect of Ni doping which enhances structural stability and long‐term cyclability. In situ synchrotron X‐ray diffraction reveals an extremely small (~1 %) change in unit cell parameters. The Ni substitution is found to increase the electronic conductivity and redox activity, especially at the low‐spin (LS) Fe center due to inductive effect. This larger capacity contribution from LS Fe2+C6/Fe3+C6 redox couple is responsible for stable high‐rate capability of FeNiHCF. The insight gained in this work may pave the way for the design of other high‐performance electrode materials for sustainable sodium‐ion batteries.
Mechanisms of interstellar synthesis of glycine, alanine, and serine from aminonitriles, OH, and H2O
Authors: Choe Joong Chul 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA new potential energy surface for forming glycine in the gas phase, starting from association of aminoacetonitrile (NH2CH2CN) with OH followed by subsequent hydrolysis, was determined using CBS‐QB3 calculation. The overall activation energy was 90 kJ mol−1 or 0 without or with catalytic H2O, respectively. Alanine or serine was formed from 2‐aminopropionitrile (CH3CH(NH2)CN) or 2‐amino‐3‐hydrxypropionitrile (HOCH2CH(NH2)CN) instead of aminoacetonitrile with the overall activation energies of 89 or 49 kJ mol−1, respectively. When an additional H2O was involved in each reaction as a catalyst, barrierless reaction pathways were obtained. These results suggest that it is possible for investigated reactions to occur in interstellar ices along the proposed pathways, taking kinetic aspects into account.
Theta and alpha oscillations may underlie improved attention and working memory in musically trained children
Authors: Kausel Leonie , Zamorano F. , Billeke P. , Sutherland M. E. , Alliende M. I. , Larrain‐Valenzuela J. , Soto‐Icaza P. , Aboitiz F. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroduction: Attention and working memory are key cognitive functions that allow us to select and maintain information in our mind for a short time, being essential for our daily life and, in particular, for learning and academic performance. It has been shown that musical training can improve working memory performance, but it is still unclear if and how the neural mechanisms of working memory and particularly attention are implicated in this process. In this work, we aimed to identify the oscillatory signature of bimodal attention and working memory that contributes to improved working memory in musically trained children.Materials and methods: We recruited children with and without musical training and asked them to complete a bimodal (auditory/visual) attention and working memory task, whereas their brain activity was measured using electroencephalography. Behavioral, time–frequency, and source reconstruction analyses were made.Results: Results showed that, overall, musically trained children performed better on the task than children without musical training. When comparing musically trained children with children without musical training, we found modulations in the alpha band pre‐stimuli onset and the beginning of stimuli onset in the frontal and parietal regions. These correlated with correct responses to the attended modality. Moreover, during the end phase of stimuli presentation, we found modulations correlating with correct responses independent of attention condition in the theta and alpha bands, in the left frontal and right parietal regions.Conclusions: These results suggest that musically trained children have improved neuronal mechanisms for both attention allocation and memory encoding. Our results can be important for developing interventions for people with attention and working memory difficulties.
Impaired sequence manipulation in non‐demented patients with progressive supranuclear palsy
Authors: Zhang Guanyu , Ma Jinghong , Chan Piu , Ye Zheng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeSequential working memory is the ability to maintain and manipulate sequential information at a second time scale. Patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) or Parkinson's disease (PD) perform poorly in tests that require the flexible arrangement of thoughts or actions. This study investigated whether sequential working memory is differently impaired in patients with PSP versus PD.MethodTwenty‐nine patients with PSP Richardson's syndrome (PSP‐RS), 36 patients with PD, and 36 healthy controls (HC) completed 3 well‐established neuropsychological tests, including digit span forward (DST‐F), digit span backward (DST‐B), and adaptive digit ordering tests (DOT‐A). The DST‐F required maintaining digit sequences, and the DST‐B and DOT‐A required maintaining and manipulating digit sequences.FindingThe PSP‐RS group scored lower than the PD and HC groups in the DST‐B and DOT‐A but not in the DST‐F, indicating that the ability to manipulate sequences was impaired, but the maintenance ability was preserved in PSP‐RS patients. Moreover, in PSP‐RS, the DST‐B score negatively correlated with the severity of motor symptoms. The actual levodopa dose positively correlated with the DST‐B ordering cost (DST‐F score vs. DST‐B score). The PSP patients who took a greater dose of levodopa tended to have higher DST‐B ordering cost. There was no effect of levodopa on DST‐B or DOT‐A in PD.ConclusionThese results suggested that the ability to manipulate sequence was already reduced in patients with PSP‐RS and was worse than in patients with PD.
Multiple extreme overdose of antipsychotics with minimal side effects: A case report
Authors: Yang Min , Cao Yudong , Wu Haishan , Zhang Li 
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical MessageAntipsychotic drug treatment is a commonly used therapeutic strategy in the field of psychiatry. Rational and standardized use of antipsychotics is crucial in clinical practice, and excessive use of antipsychotics may lead to severe toxic reactions. Thus, attention should be given to the monitoring of drug concentration and examination of organ function.AbstractExcessive use of antipsychotics can cause a variety of adverse effects, including dysfunction of the liver and other organs. Liver cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes play an important role in the metabolism of antipsychotics, and metabolizer types of CYP450 enzymes may influence the therapeutic effects. In this case report, we introduced a 52‐year‐old woman with a 23‐year history of schizophrenia who took excessive doses of multiple antipsychotics and other herbal preparations for nearly 2 years, with poor response to treatment and minor side reactions to the antipsychotics. Pharmacogenomic examination showed that this patient was a CYP1A2 ultra‐rapid metabolizer. The examination and treatment of this patient may provide a reference for the management of similar cases with poor response to an alarming tolerance for antipsychotics.
Epoxy Resins With Controllable “Thermally Conductive‐Self‐Healing” Synergies: a New Material to Meet the Needs of Flexible Electronic Devices
Authors: Chen Jifeng , Xu Hui , Mao Zhu , Nie Kaixuan , Ning Yi , Li Zhongyu , Tian Bo , Sun Zhibo , Zhu Pengli , Sun Rong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWith the popularization of 5G technology and artificial intelligence, thermally conductive epoxies with self‐healing ability will be widely used in flexible electronic materials. Although many compounds containing both performances have been synthesized, there is little systematic theory to explain the coordination mechanism. In this paper, alkyl chains of different lengths were introduced to epoxies to discuss the thermally conductive, the self‐healing performance, and the synergistic effect. A series of electronic‐grade biphenyl epoxies (4,4′‐bis(oxiran‐2‐ylmethoxy)‐1,1′‐biphenyl (1), 4,4′‐bis(2‐(oxiran‐2‐yl)ethoxy)‐1,1′‐biphenyl (2), 4,4′‐bis(3‐(oxiran‐2‐yl)propoxy)‐1,1′‐biphenyl (3), and 4,4′‐bis(4‐(oxiran‐2‐yl)butoxy)‐1,1′‐biphenyl (4) were synthesized and characterized. Furthermore, they were cured with decanedioic acid to produce polymers. Results showed that alkyl chains can both affect the two properties, and the epoxies suitable for specific application scenarios can be prepared by adjusting the length of alkyl chains. In terms of thermal conductivity, compound 1 was a most promising material. However, compound 4 was expected to be utilized in flexible electronic devices because of its acceptable thermal conductivity, self‐healing ability, transparency, and flexibility.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Novel Water‐Soluble Cationic Platinum(II) Organometallic Complexes with Phenanthroline and Imidazolic Ligands
Authors: Ali Asjad , Stefàno Erika , De Castro Federica , Ciccarella Giuseppe , Rovito Gianluca , Marsigliante Santo , Muscella Antonella , Benedetti Michele , Fanizzi Francesco Paolo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPlatinum‐based chemotherapeutic agents are widely used in the treatment of cancer. However, their effectiveness is limited by severe adverse reactions, drug resistance, and poor water solubility. This study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of new water‐soluble cationic monofunctional platinum(II) complexes starting from the [PtCl(η1‐C2H4OEt)(phen)] (1, phen=1,10‐phenanthroline) precursor, specifically [Pt(NH3)(η1‐C2H4OEt)(phen)]Cl (2), [Pt(1‐hexyl‐1H‐imidazole)(η1‐C2H4OEt)(phen)]Cl (3), and [Pt(1‐hexyl‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazole)(η1‐C2H4OEt)(phen)]Cl (4), which deviate from traditional requirements for antitumor activity. These complexes were evaluated for their cytotoxic effects in comparison to cisplatin, using immortalized cervical adenocarcinoma cells (HeLa), human renal carcinoma cells (Caki‐1), and normal human renal cells (HK‐2). While complex 2 showed minimal effects on the cell lines, complexes 3 and 4 demonstrated higher cytotoxicity than cisplatin. Notably, complex 4 displayed the highest cytotoxicity in both cancer and normal cell lines. However, complex 3 exhibited the highest selectivity for renal tumor cells (Caki‐1) among the tested complexes, compared to healthy cells (HK‐2). This resulted in a significantly higher selectivity than that of cisplatin and complex 4. Therefore, complex 3 shows potential as a leading candidate for the development of a new generation of platinum‐based anticancer drugs, utilizing biocompatible imidazole ligands while demonstrating promising anticancer properties.
Sauerstoffempfindlichkeit der RAFT‐Polymerisation – Eine Modellierungsstudie
Authors: Pashayev Emil , Kandelhard Felix , Georgopanos Prokopios 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungDie reversible Additions‐Fragmentierungs‐Kettenübertragungspolymerisation, kurz RAFT (reversible addition‐fragmentation chain‐transfer polymerization) genannt, ist eine Methode zur kontrollierten Synthese von Blockcopolymeren und stellt eine Alternative zu lebenden ionischen Polymerisationen dar. Obwohl sie im Vergleich zu diesen weniger anfällig für Verunreinigungen ist, führt Sauerstoff zur Inhibierung der Polymerisation. In einer vorhergehenden Studie wurde ein Modell zur Beschreibung der Inhibierungskinetik der RAFT‐Polymerisation von Styrol entwickelt. Basierend auf diesem Modell wird eine ausführliche Sensitivitätsanalyse bezüglich der kinetischen Koeffizienten durchgeführt. Während die Bildung der Polyperoxide durch Sauerstoffaddition hohe Reaktionsgeschwindigkeiten aufweist, konnten deren weiteren Reaktionen (Wachstum und Terminierung) als geschwindigkeitsbestimmende Schritte identifiziert werden. Außerdem zeigte sich eine proportionale Abhängigkeit der Dauer der Inhibierung mit der Sauerstoffkonzentration. Auf Basis der gewonnen Erkenntnisse wurde einer neue Initiierungsstrategie unter Verwendung verschiedener thermischer Initiatoren zur Optimierung der Polymerisation anhand von Simulationen erfolgreich getestet.
Onset and resolution of ovarian toxicity with nirogacestat treatment in females with desmoid tumors: Updated safety analyses from the DeFi phase 3 study
Authors: Loggers Elizabeth T. , Chugh Rashmi , Federman Noah , Hartner Lee , Riedel Richard F. , Cho Sunny , Hyslop David , Lim Allison , Oton Ana B. , Oktay Kutluk H. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionNirogacestat is a targeted gamma secretase inhibitor approved in the United States for adults with progressing desmoid tumors. In the phase 3 DeFi study (NCT03785964) of nirogacestat, ovarian toxicity (OT) was identified as a safety signal among females of reproductive potential (FORP). This analysis further describes the incidence, presentation, and resolution of OT.MethodsPatients were randomized to twice‐daily oral nirogacestat (150 mg) or placebo, taken in continuous 28‐day cycles. Investigator‐identified OT in FORP was based on abnormal reproductive hormone values or perimenopausal symptoms (or both). Adverse event follow‐up was conducted to assess OT resolution. Post hoc analyses included return of menstruation and return of follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) to within normal limits (WNL) (≤20.4 mIU/mL).ResultsOf 92 randomized females, 73 in the safety population were FORP (n = 36 nirogacestat, n = 37 placebo). OT was identified in 75% (27 of 36) receiving nirogacestat and 0% (0 of 37) receiving placebo. As of October 24, 2022, investigators reported OT resolution in 78% (21 of 27) of patients, with median OT duration of 19.1 weeks. Off‐treatment resolution was reported in all 11 patients (100%) who stopped nirogacestat treatment; of these, all nine with available menstruation information experienced return of menstruation and eight had FSH WNL at last reported assessment. Resolution was reported in 10 of 14 (71%) while on nirogacestat; of these, all 10 experienced return of menstruation and seven had FSH WNL. Two patients were lost to follow‐up.ConclusionMost FORP treated with nirogacestat experienced OT, with the majority resolving, including all who stopped treatment, suggesting that OT is transient.
The safety of trastuzumab deruxtecan (DS‐8201) with a focus on interstitial lung disease and/or pneumonitis: A systematic review and single‐arm meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Ruijuan , Hua Manqi , Li Jiulong , Chen Weihong , Xu Ling , Meng Huan , Zhang Zhuo , Liu Qianxin , Cui Yimin , Xiang Qian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies involving risk–benefit analysis of trastuzumab deruxtecan (DS‐8201) have indicated the benefit of this treatment, although it may increase the risk of interstitial lung disease (ILD) and/or pneumonitis in certain patients. This study aimed to assess the safety of DS‐8201.MethodsA search was done for relevant articles in four electronic databases: PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov. All reports published up until November 2, 2022, were included, and study types were restricted to clinical trials; the last search was then updated to January 10, 2023. We also assessed the quality of the literature with the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and the Methodological Index for Non‐Randomized Studies tool, and then performed a meta‐analysis with R version 4.2.1.ResultsA total of 1428 patients reported in 13 articles were included in this study. The analysis revealed that the most common all‐grade treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were nausea and fatigue. The most common TEAE of grade 3 or above (grade ≥3) was neutropenia. The incidences of ILD and/or pneumonitis for all‐grade and grade ≥3 TEAEs were 12.5% and 2.2%, respectively.ConclusionsThis comprehensive summary of the incidence of TEAEs associated with DS‐8201 in clinical trials provides an important guide for clinicians. The most common TEAEs were gastrointestinal reactions and fatigue; meanwhile, the most common grade ≥3 TEAE was hematological toxicity. ILD and/or pneumonitis were specific adverse drug reactions associated with DS‐8201, of which physicians should be particularly aware for their higher morbidity and rates of grade ≥3 TEAEs.