bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spherical partial differential equation with non‐constant coefficients for modeling of nonlinear unsteady heat conduction in functionally graded materials
Authors: Delouei Amin Amiri , Emamian Amin , Ghorbani Saeed , He Fuli 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe objective of this research paper is to propose an exact solution for resolving the transient conduction in a 2D sphere. The coefficients of governing equation are varied according to the material properties. The thermo‐physical properties are regarded as functions that follow a power‐law relationship concerning the radial direction. Both radial and angular thermal conductivity coefficients change with radius. Thermal boundary conditions are considered in a general state, which can cover different thermal conditions, including Dirichlet, Neumann, and Convection surface conditions. Laplace transform and Meromorphic function methods are used in the solution approach to the current unsteady problem. Two unsteady case studies with complex boundary conditions have been considered to show the credibility of the current solution. The results of both case studies have been successfully validated. The results confirm the high capability of the present solution in solving unsteady thermal problems of functionally graded materials in spherical coordinates.
A doubly history‐dependent quasivariational inequality arising in viscoelastic frictional contact problems with wear
Authors: Oultou Abderrahmane , Baiz Othmane , Benaissa Hicham 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe aim here to investigate a new mathematical model that describes the contact between a viscoelastic body, accounting for long memory and wear effects, and an obstacle referred to as the foundation. The contact model is governed by a normal compliance condition, coupled with Coulomb's law of dry friction for sliding, and wear effects. We derive the variational formulation of the model, which involves coupling of a quasi‐variational inequality with a nonlinear equation. By pursuing the abstract history‐dependent quasi‐variational inequalities and leveraging the fixed point theorem, we establish results concerning both existence and uniqueness.
Integrated analysis of electroosmotic and magnetohydrodynamic peristaltic pumping in physiological systems: Implications for biomedical applications
Authors: Choudhari Rajashekhar , Tripathi Dharmendra , Vaidya Hanumesh , Prasad Kerehalli Vinayaka , Shetty Jyoti , Mebarek‐Oudina Fateh , Khan Sami Ullah , Ramesh Katta 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe study of rheological properties in biological fluids, influenced by electroosmosis and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) peristaltic mechanisms, plays a vital role in designing micro‐scale biomimetic pumping systems for targeted drug delivery. Considering these significant applications, the current study focuses on the integrated analysis of electroosmotic and magnetohydrodynamic peristaltic pumping of Williamson fluid within physiological systems with variable viscosity and thermal conductivity. The dimensional momentum equations are linearized under the approximation of lubrication theory. The current study deals with the impact of various physical parameters on flow, heat transfer, and pumping characteristics. These parameters include the magnetic parameter, variable viscosity, variable thermal conductivity, Helmholtz‐Smoluchowski velocity, and so on. It is noted from the current analysis that, Helmholtz‐Smoluchowski velocity and velocity slip parameters have decreasing effect on skin friction and Sherwood number. The electroosmotic and magnetic parameters contribute to larger trapped bolus sizes. These findings contribute significantly to advancing the development of efficient micro‐scale biomimetic pumping systems tailored for precise target drug delivery applications.
A cosmological tachyon collider: enhancing the long-short scale coupling
Authors: McCulloch Ciaran , Pajer Enrico , Tong Xi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The squeezed limit of the primordial curvature bispectrum is an extremely sensitive probe of new physics and encodes information about additional fields active during inflation such as their masses and spins. In the conventional setup, additional fields are stable with a positive mass squared, and hence induce a decreasing signal in the squeezed limit, making a detection challenging.Here we consider a scalar field that is temporarily unstable by virtue of a transient tachyonic mass, and we construct models in which it is embedded consistently within inflation. Assuming IR-finite couplings between the tachyon and the inflaton, we find an exchange bispectrum with an enhanced long-short scale coupling that grows in the squeezed limit parametrically faster than local non-Gaussianity. Our approximately scale-invariant signal can be thought of as a cosmological tachyon collider.In a sizeable region of parameter space, the leading constraint on our signal comes from the cross correlation of μ-type spectral distortions and temperature anisotropies of the microwave background, whereas temperature and polarization bispectra are less sensitive probes. By including anisotropic spectral distortions in the analysis, future experiments such as CMB-S4 will further reduce the allowed parameter space.
Electroweak three-body decays in the presence of two- and three-body bound states
Authors: Briceño Raul A. , Jackura Andrew W. , Pefkou Dimitra A. , Romero-López Fernando 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Recently, formalism has been derived for studying electroweak transition amplitudes for three-body systems both in infinite and finite volumes. The formalism provides exact relations that the infinite-volume amplitudes must satisfy, as well as a relationship between physical amplitudes and finite-volume matrix elements, which can be constrained from lattice QCD calculations. This formalism poses additional challenges when compared with the analogous well-studied two-body equivalent one, including the necessary step of solving integral equations of singular functions. In this work, we provide some non-trivial analytical and numerical tests on the aforementioned formalism. In particular, we consider a case where the three-particle system can have three-body bound states as well as bound states in the two-body subsystem. For kinematics below the three-body threshold, we demonstrate that the scattering amplitudes satisfy unitarity. We also check that for these kinematics the finite-volume matrix elements are accurately described by the formalism for two-body systems up to exponentially suppressed corrections. Finally, we verify that in the case of the three-body bound state, the finite-volume matrix element is equal to the infinite-volume coupling of the bound state, up to exponentially suppressed errors.
The new physics case for beam-dump experiments with accelerated muon beams
Authors: Cesarotti Cari , Gambhir Rikab 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
As the field examines a future muon collider as a possible successor to the LHC, we must consider how to fully utilize not only the high-energy particle collisions, but also any lower-energy staging facilities necessary in the R&D process. An economical and efficient possibility is to use the accelerated muon beam from either the full experiment or from cooling and acceleration tests in beam-dump experiments. Beam-dump experiments are complementary to the main collider as they achieve sensitivity to very small couplings with minimal instrumentation. We demonstrate the utility of muon beam-dump experiments for new physics searches at energies from 10 GeV to 5 TeV. We find that, even at low energies like those accessible at staging or demonstrator facilities, it is possible to probe new regions of parameter space for a variety of generic BSM models, including muonphilic, leptophilic, Lμ − Lτ, and dark photon scenarios. Such experiments could therefore provide opportunities for discovery of new physics well before the completion of the full multi-TeV collider.
The minimal weak gravity conjecture
Authors: Cota Cesar Fierro , Mininno Alessandro , Weigand Timo , Wiesner Max 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We examine the minimal constraints imposed by the Weak Gravity Conjecture (WGC) on the particle spectrum of a quantum gravity theory. Towers of super-extremal states have previously been argued to be required for consistency of the WGC under circle reduction. At the same time, there exist classes of theories where no tower of super-extremal particle states below the black hole threshold has been established with current techniques. We resolve this tension by arguing for the existence of a minimal radius for circle reductions of generic quantum gravity theories. Below this threshold, the notion of a circle compactification breaks down, bypassing the need for a tower of super-extremal states to satisfy the WGC after circle reduction. Based on this we propose that if a theory satisfies the WGC at the particle level below the black hole threshold, these states are sufficient for consistency under dimensional reduction, even in absence of a tower of super-extremal particles. Apart from general arguments, we provide independent evidence for this main result in F-, M- and string theory compactifications. According to the Emergent String Conjecture the only exception to the appearance of a minimal radius arises in asymptotically weak-coupling limits for heterotic strings, which aligns with the appearance of a weakly coupled super-extremal tower of particle states. This observation motivates a Minimal Weak Gravity Conjecture which states that towers of super-extremal particles occur if and only if they are required by consistency of the WGC under dimensional reduction.
NNLO QCD corrections to the q2 spectrum of inclusive semileptonic B-meson decays
Authors: Fael Matteo , Herren Florian 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We calculate the next-to-next-to-leading order QCD corrections to the leptonic invariant mass (q2) spectrum of semileptonic b → c inclusive decays, taking into account the mass of the charm quark and the charged lepton in the final state. We obtain analytic results in terms of generalized polylogarithms and present numerical studies of the $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
($$ {\alpha}_s^2 $$

α
s
2

) corrections to the q2 spectrum of b → $$ c\ell {\overline{\nu}}_{\ell } $$
c
ℓ

ν
¯

ℓ

decays, for ℓ = e, μ and τ, in the kinetic scheme. Our computation can be used to incorporate the recent measurements of q2 moments by Belle and Belle II into global fits of inclusive semileptonic B-decays.
Quantisation across bubble walls and friction
Authors: Azatov Aleksandr , Barni Giulio , Petrossian-Byrne Rudin , Vanvlasselaer Miguel 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We quantise from first principles field theories living on the background of a bubble wall in the planar limit with particular focus on the case of spontaneous breaking of gauge symmetry. Using these tools, we compute the average momentum transfer from transition radiation: the soft emission of radiation by an energetic particle passing across the wall, with a particular focus on the longitudinal polarisation of vectors. We find these to be comparable to transverse polarisations in symmetry-breaking transitions with mild super-cooling, and dominant in broken to broken transitions with thin wall. Our results have phenomenological applications for the expansion of bubbles during first order phase transitions. Our general framework allows for the robust calculation of any particle processes of interest in such translation breaking backgrounds.
EFHD1 promotes osteosarcoma proliferation and drug resistance by inhibiting the opening of the mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore (mPTP) by binding to ANT3
Authors: Shen Xin , Ma Mengjun , Mi Rujia , Zhuang Jiahao , Song Yihui , Yang Wen , Li Hongyu , Lu Yixuan , Yang Biao , Liu Yinliang , Wu Yanfeng , Shen Huiyong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractChemoresistance is the main obstacle in the clinical treatment of osteosarcoma (OS). In this study, we investigated the role of EF-hand domain-containing protein 1 (EFHD1) in OS chemotherapy resistance. We found that the expression of EFHD1 was highly correlated with the clinical outcome after chemotherapy. We overexpressed EFHD1 in 143B cells and found that it increased their resistance to cell death after drug treatment. Conversely, knockdown of EFHD1 in 143BR cells (a cisplatin-less-sensitive OS cell line derived from 143B cells) increased their sensitivity to treatment. Mechanistically, EFHD1 bound to adenine nucleotide translocase-3 (ANT3) and inhibited its conformational change, thereby inhibiting the opening of the mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore (mPTP). This effect could maintain mitochondrial function, thereby favoring OS cell survival. The ANT3 conformational inhibitor carboxyatractyloside (CATR), which can promote mPTP opening, enhanced the chemosensitivity of EFHD1-overexpressing cells when combined with cisplatin. The ANT3 conformational inhibitor bongkrekic acid (BKA), which can inhibit mPTP opening, restored the resistance of EFHD1 knockdown cells. In conclusion, our results suggest that EFHD1-ANT3-mPTP might be a promising target for OS therapy in the future.
Proteomic dissection of vanishing white matter pathogenesis
Authors: Man Jodie H. K. , Zarekiani Parand , Mosen Peter , de Kok Mike , Debets Donna O. , Breur Marjolein , Altelaar Maarten , van der Knaap Marjo S. , Bugiani Marianna 
Published: May 2024

AbstractVanishing white matter (VWM) is a leukodystrophy caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B. To date, it remains unclear which factors contribute to VWM pathogenesis. Here, we investigated the basis of VWM pathogenesis using the 2b5ho mouse model. We first mapped the temporal proteome in the cerebellum, corpus callosum, cortex, and brainstem of 2b5ho and wild-type (WT) mice. Protein changes observed in 2b5ho mice were then cross-referenced with published proteomic datasets from VWM patient brain tissue to define alterations relevant to the human disease. By comparing 2b5ho mice with their region- and age-matched WT counterparts, we showed that the proteome in the cerebellum and cortex of 2b5ho mice was already dysregulated prior to pathology development, whereas proteome changes in the corpus callosum only occurred after pathology onset. Remarkably, protein changes in the brainstem were transient, indicating that a compensatory mechanism might occur in this region. Importantly, 2b5ho mouse brain proteome changes reflect features well-known in VWM. Comparison of the 2b5ho mouse and VWM patient brain proteomes revealed shared changes. These could represent changes that contribute to the disease or even drive its progression in patients. Taken together, we show that the 2b5ho mouse brain proteome is affected in a region- and time-dependent manner. We found that the 2b5ho mouse model partly replicates the human disease at the protein level, providing a resource to study aspects of VWM pathogenesis by highlighting alterations from early to late disease stages, and those that possibly drive disease progression.
NEK2 promotes the development of ovarian endometriosis and impairs decidualization by phosphorylating FOXO1
Authors: Wang Mengxue , Sun Fangyuan , Zhang Shucai , Zhang Xiaohui , Sun Yujun , Yu Ting , Li Yuanyuan , Jiang Aifang , Qiao Pengyun , Ren Chune , Yang Tingting 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOvarian endometriosis is a common gynecological disease, and one of its most significant symptoms is infertility. In patients with endometriosis, defects in endometrial decidualization lead to impaired endometrial receptivity and embryo implantation, thus affecting early pregnancy and women’s desire to have children. However, the mechanisms underlying the development of endometriosis and its associated defective decidualization are unclear. We find that NEK2 expression is increased in the ectopic and eutopic endometrium of patients with endometriosis. Meanwhile, NEK2 interacts with FOXO1 and phosphorylates FOXO1 at Ser184, inhibiting the stability of the FOXO1 protein. Importantly, NEK2-mediated phosphorylation of FOXO1 at Ser184 promotes cell proliferation, migration, invasion and impairs decidualization. Furthermore, INH1, an inhibitor of NEK2, inhibits the growth of ectopic lesions in mouse models of endometriosis and promotes endometrial decidualization in mouse models of artificially induced decidualization. Taken together, these findings indicate that NEK2 regulates the development of endometriosis and associated disorders of decidualization through the phosphorylation of FOXO1, providing a new therapeutic target for its treatment.
Targeting NG2 relieves the resistance of BRAF-mutant thyroid cancer cells to BRAF inhibitors
Authors: Sui Fang , Wang Guanjie , Liu Juan , Yuan Mengmeng , Chen Pu , Yao Yao , Zhang Shaoqiang , Ji Meiju , Hou Peng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBRAFV600E represents a constitutively active onco-kinase and stands as the most prevalent genetic alteration in thyroid cancer. However, the clinical efficacy of small-molecule inhibitors targeting BRAFV600E is often limited by acquired resistance. Here, we find that nerve/glial antigen 2 (NG2), also known as chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4), is up-regulated in thyroid cancers, and its expression is increased with tumor progression in a BRAFV600E-driven thyroid cancer mouse model. Functional studies show that NG2 knockout almost does not affect tumor growth, but significantly improves the response of BRAF-mutant thyroid cancer cells to BRAF inhibitor PLX4720. Mechanistically, the blockade of ERK-dependent feedback by BRAF inhibitor can activate receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling, causing the resistance to this inhibitor. NG2 knockout attenuates the PLX4720-mediated feedback activation of several RTKs, improving the sensitivity of BRAF-mutant thyroid cancer cells to this inhibitor. Based on this finding, we propose and demonstrate an alternative strategy for targeting NG2 to effectively treat BRAF-mutant thyroid cancers by combining multiple kinase inhibitor (MKI) Sorafenib or Lenvatinib with PLX4720. Thus, this study uncovers a new mechanism in which NG2 contributes to the resistance of BRAF-mutant thyroid cancer cells to BRAF inhibitor, and provides a promising therapeutic option for BRAF-mutant thyroid cancers.
Schrödinger Operators with Multiple Aharonov–Bohm Fluxes
Authors: Correggi Michele , Fermi Davide 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We study the Schrödinger operator describing a two-dimensional quantum particle moving in the presence of

$$ N \geqslant 1$$

N
⩾
1

Aharonov–Bohm magnetic fluxes. We classify all the self-adjont realizations of such an operator, providing an explicit characterization of their domains and actions. Moreover, we examine their spectral and scattering properties, proving in particular the existence and completeness of wave operators in relation with the free dynamics.
Scalar conservation law in a bounded domain with strong source at boundary
Authors: Xu Lu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe consider a scalar conservation law with source in a bounded open interval $$\Omega \subseteq \mathbb R$$

Ω
⊆
R

. The equation arises from the macroscopic evolution of an interacting particle system. The source term models an external effort driving the solution to a given function $$\varrho $$
ϱ
with an intensity function $$V:\Omega \rightarrow \mathbb R_+$$

V
:
Ω
→

R
+

that grows to infinity at $$\partial \Omega $$

∂
Ω

. We define the entropy solution $$u \in L^\infty $$

u
∈

L
∞

and prove the uniqueness. When V is integrable, u satisfies the boundary conditions introduced by F. Otto (C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 322(1):729–734, 1996), which allows the solution to attain values at $$\partial \Omega $$

∂
Ω

different from the given boundary data. When the integral of V blows up, u satisfies an energy estimate and presents essential continuity at $$\partial \Omega $$

∂
Ω

in a weak sense.
Geochemical implications of uranium-bearing thucholite aggregates in the Upper Permian Kupferschiefer shale, Lubin district, Poland
Authors: Syczewski Marcin D. , Panajew Paweł , Marynowski Leszek , Waliczek Marta , Borkowski Andrzej , Rohovec Jan , Matoušková Šárka , Sekudewicz Ilona , Liszewska Malwina , Jankiewicz Bartłomiej , Mukhamed’yarova Aliya N. , Słowakiewicz Mirosław 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNew inorganic and organic geochemical data from thucholite in the Upper Permian (Wuchiapingian) Kupferschiefer (T1) shale collected at the Polkowice-Sieroszowice Cu-Ag mine in Poland are presented. Thucholite, which forms spherical or granular clusters, appears scattered in the T1 dolomitic shale at the oxic-anoxic boundary occurring within the same shale member. The composition of thucholite concretions and the T1 shale differs by a higher content of U- and REE-enriched mineral phases within the thucholite concretions compared to the T1 shale, suggesting a different mineralising history. The differences also comprise higher Ntot, Ctot, Htot, Stot contents and higher C/N, C/S ratios in thucholite than in the T1 shale. The hydrocarbon composition of the thucholite and the surrounding T1 shale also varies. Both are dominated by polycyclic aromatic compounds and their phenyl derivatives. However, higher abundances of unsubstituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the thucholite are indicative of its pyrogenic origin. Pyrolytic compounds such as benz[a]anthracene or benzo[a]pyrene are more typical of the thucholite than the T1 shale. Microscopic observations of the thucholite and its molecular composition suggest that it represents well-rounded small charcoal fragments. These charcoals were formed during low-temperature combustion, as confirmed by semifusinite reflectance values, indicating surface fire temperatures of about 400 °C, and the absence of the high-temperature pyrogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Charred detrital particles, likely the main source of insoluble organic matter in the thucholite, migrated to the sedimentary basin in the form of spherical carbonaceous particulates, which adsorbed uranium and REE in particular, which would further explain their different contents and sorption properties in the depositional environment. Finally, the difference in mineral content between thucholite and the T1 shale could also have been caused by microbes, which might have formed biofilms on mineral particles, and caused a change in the original mineral composition.