bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Getting Registered and Getting to the Polls: The Impact
of Voter Registration Strategy and Information Provision on Turnout
of College Students
Authors: Ulbig Stacy G. , Waggener Tamara 
Published: June 2011

AbstractEach election year, colleges and universities across the nation
witness a plethora of on-campus voter registration activities. The
results of these drives are most often assessed by tallying the
number of voter registration cards collected. Little has been done,
however, to more carefully investigate these results. As a first
attempt to examine postdrive results more thoroughly, we ask two
questions. First, do students who register through an on-campus
voter registration drive actually make it to the voting booth?
Second, does providing basic information about the voting process
increase turnout among students who register through an on-campus
voter registration drive? In this study, we investigate the overall
turnout rate of students registering to vote in the 2008
presidential election through on-campus registration drives by
validating votes through the office of the county voting registrar.
We then compare the turnout rate of students who registered through
the on-campus drives with the turnout rate of similar young people
nationwide. Finally, we investigate whether the provision of
information through certain avenues boosts turnout. Our findings
show that students who registered through an on-campus voter
registration drive turned out to vote at a higher rate than similar
young people nationwide. Additionally, we found small but important
effects of information provision through different formats.
The Referendum Conundrum:
Referenda or
Referendums?
Authors: Grant J. Tobin , Taoka Yasuko 
Published: June 2011

AbstractScholars often use referenda as the plural for
referendum. This choice is a hypercorrection—it
may sound like proper Latin, but it is not.
Referendums is always the correct choice.
However, we maintain that there is value in using
referendums for multiple events and
referenda for multiple propositions.
So You Want Tenure? Factors Affecting Tenure Decisions in
Political Science Departments
Authors: Marshall Bryan W. , Rothgeb John M. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis article investigates the variables that affect the award of
tenure in political science departments in the United States. We
examined two dependent variables: (1) whether a department has
denied tenure in the past five years, and (2) whether a positive
departmental tenure recommendation has been reversed by higher
college or university authorities during the same period of time.
Five clusters of independent variables were evaluated: (1)
college/university and departmental characteristics, (2) the
procedures employed to evaluate tenure cases, (3) the instruments
used to assess teaching, (4) service expectations, and (5) research
and publication standards. We found that the most important factors
affecting departmental decisions to deny tenure were whether
teaching and substantive publications were treated as equally
valuable qualifications, the number of articles a candidate
published, and the candidate's level of commitment to advising.
Interestingly, reversal decisions by higher authorities were not
strongly affected by any of the variables in the analysis.
Online Student Publishing in the Classroom: The
Experience of the Michigan Policy Network
Authors: Grossmann Matt 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn this article, I describe my work with Michigan State University
undergraduates to produce the Michigan Policy Network, a web-based
public service and research program that reports news and
information about the political process surrounding Michigan state
policy issues. The program empowers undergraduates to oversee
website sections devoted to policy issue areas, each of which
features background information, research, and current updates on
government action, as well as regular blog posts, that aim to make
the information accessible to a public audience. I explain how to
inexpensively set up such a program and reflect on the strengths and
weaknesses of the approach. I evaluate the four different methods
that I have used to integrate the policy network with traditional
teaching: (1) working with students as an extracurricular activity,
(2) organizing a summer program for government interns acting as
researchers, (3) integrating network assignments with traditional
homework in topical classes, and (4) teaching a separate class for
freshman honors students. My experience suggests that students are
motivated to complete work intended for a public audience and are
well-equipped to translate government information for public
readers. Working on the policy network improves student employment
prospects and helps build connections between state government and
the university. I recommend that similar programs be developed
elsewhere.
Budget Conflict in Banjo Crossing: Using a Classroom
Simulation to Teach the Politics of Budgeting
Authors: Taylor Charles D. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis article describes a local government budgeting simulation
developed by the author and used in an undergraduate course on the
politics and administration of local government budgets. The
exercise allowed students to participate in a simulated budget
process that provided them with firsthand experience in allocating
scarce resources, making collective decisions, and considering the
political implications of budget alternatives. The simulation
activities also provided students with opportunities to practice
their written and oral communication skills, as well as experience
in developing arguments to support particular revenue or spending
proposals.
Challenging the Constitution: Convening a Mock Constitutional Convention for American Government Students
Authors: Pautz Michelle C. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractSimulations are useful tools in the classroom for an assortment of pedagogical reasons. I have devised a mock constitutional convention for use in introductory American government courses to better engage students and spur critical thinking about the U.S. Constitution. This article details the particulars of the simulation and its outcomes.
Navigating the Academic Job Market in Treacherous
Times
Authors: Miller William J. , Gentry Bobbi 
Published: June 2011

AbstractDoctoral programs take great care in assuring that students are
prepared to enter the job market and become effective teachers and
researchers. However, once faced with the daunting task of landing
their first position, students are oftentimes left on their own.
Given the current state of the job market—more applicants for fewer
jobs—it is essential that students understand the process and what
they should expect as they work to receive their first academic
position. In this article, we walk students through the hiring
process from deciding which jobs to apply for to handling contract
negotiations.
Cheating Death-by-PowerPoint: Effective Use of Visual
Aids at Professional Conferences
Authors: Salmond Rob , Smith David T 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe critique the typical use of visual aids at political science
conferences and make suggestions about more effective ways to
incorporate them into presentations. Our main suggestions are that
political scientists should use fewer and simpler slides, and that
those slides should contain visually rich
information that illustrates a speaker's point without distracting
the audience from his or her words.
Verbal Sticks and Rhetorical Stones: Improving Conference
Presentations in Political Science
Authors: Smith David T , Salmond Rob 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe provide advice to presenters at political science conferences. Our
advice is based on the idea that the goal of a professional
presentation is to provide an audience with information it can
understand, discuss, and remember. We argue that current
presentational norms in our discipline are counterproductive, and we
encourage presenters to make their presentations more constrained,
less technical, and more connected to the political world outside of
political science.
A simply designed cell for thermal conductivity measurements of low vapor-pressure liquids
Authors: Bonetti M. , Nakamae S. , Roger M. 
Published: June 2011

We have built a simply designed cell for the measurement of the thermal conductivity of liquids under steady state conditions from room temperature to about 60 °C. Thermal conductivities measured in the range between 0.2 and 0.7 Wm−1 K−1 show deviations of a few percent from reference thermal-conductivity data. The cell is made of two concentric parallel plates separated by a 0.44 mm thick sample. It is easily assembled and loaded with the sample for a quick and routine use.
Highly selective synthesis of conjugated dienoic and trienoic esters via alkyne elementometalation–Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling
Authors: Wang Guangwei , Mohan Swathi , Negishi Ei-ichi 
Published: June 2011

All four stereoisomers (
7
–
10
) of ethyl undeca-2,4-dienoate were prepared in ≥98% isomeric purity by Pd-catalyzed alkenylation (Negishi coupling) using ethyl (
E
)- and (
Z
)-
β
-bromoacrylates. Although the stereoisomeric purity of the 2
Z
,4
E
-isomer (
8
) prepared by Suzuki coupling using conventional alkoxide and carbonate bases was ≤ 95%, as reported earlier, the use of CsF or

n

Bu
4
NF as a promoter base has now been found to give all of
7
–
10
in ≥98% selectivity. Other widely known methods reveal considerable limitations. Heck alkenylation was satisfactory for the syntheses of the 2
E
,4
E
and 2
E
,4
Z
isomers of ≥98% purity, but the purity of the 2
Z
,4
E
isomer was ≤ 95%. Mutually complementary Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons and Still–Gennari (SG) olefinations are also of considerably limited scopes. Neither 2
E
,4
Z
nor 2
Z
,4
Z
isomer is readily prepared in ≥90% selectivity. In addition to (2
Z
,4
E
)-dienoic esters, some (2
Z
,4
E
,6
E
)- and (2
Z
,4
E
,6
Z
)-trienoic esters have been prepared in ≥98% selectivity by a newly devised Pd-catalyzed alkenylation–SG olefination tandem process. As models for conjugated higher oligoenoic esters, all eight stereoisomers for ethyl trideca-2,4,6-trienoate (
23
–
30
) have been prepared in ≥98% overall selectivity.
Intertextualité et publicité: publier selon Jean de Tournes (1542–1564)
Authors: Jourde Michel 
Published: June 2011

Résumé

L'article envisage la question de la ‘politique éditoriale’ au seizième siècle à partir du lexique utilisé par un imprimeur-libraire dans ses pièces liminaires. L'ensemble de ces pièces, signées du nom de l'imprimeur (‘Jean de Tournes’) ou de sa fonction (‘l'imprimeur’), vise à affirmer l'unité d'un catalogue, d'une production. Mais cette affirmation, qui concerne à la fois la relation entre les textes publiés (
intertextualité
) et la valorisation d'une identité commerciale (
publicité
), laisse apparaître des nuances importantes entre différentes formes de cohésion ou de cohérence (la ‘correction’, le ‘recueil’, l’‘analogie’, l’‘effet’) qui ne sont pas toutes assimilables à un principe de collection ou à l'affirmation d'une conception éditoriale unitaire.
Les Compilations raisonnées des Remarques et Observations sur la langue française
Authors: Ayres-Bennett Wendy , Seijido Magali 
Published: June 2011

Résumé

Dans cet article nous essaierons de montrer que les compilations raisonnées des Remarques et Observations sur la langue française ont profondément modifié et influencé notre perception moderne des textes originaux. Les remarques de Vaugelas et de ses principaux successeurs ont une dimension normative bien connue mais également une dimension sociolinguistique importante: elles comportent de nombreux témoignages sur l’évolution de l'usage, la variation sociale, la variation régionale ou encore des observations sur les registres et les genres. À partir de trois études de cas — la compilation des
Remarques
de Vaugelas avec des commentaires de La Mothe Le Vayer, de Scipion Dupleix et d'un auteur anonyme, publiée par Jean Macé en 1651;
L'Art de bien parler françois
(1696) de La Touche; et les
Principes généraux et particuliers de la langue françoise
(2
e
éd. 1763) de Wailly — nous proposons de montrer que les compilations, en intégrant les remarques dans un autre format, ont effacé leur dimension sociolinguistique. Les remarques ne représentent alors plus les observations de ‘simples témoins’, mais plutôt des jugements prescriptifs et autoritaires où la notion même d'auteur se trouve gommée et où le ton est résolument plus dogmatique.
Amadis de Gaule
en français: continuation romanesque, collection, compilation
Authors: de Buzon Christine 
Published: June 2011

Résumé

Le corpus français de l’
Amadis de Gaule
(1540–1615) procède de la traduction, de la sélection et de la collection d'une matière amadisienne qui n'est pas seulement espagnole. Caractérisé par un mouvement d'expansion, ce corpus est augmenté par la création d'un paratexte important et d'une série d'illustrations qui tendent à faire oublier son origine étrangère. Toutefois, après 1559, le succès contesté, mais aussi l'ampleur de la matière, conduisent à la restreindre. Le florilège intitulé
Thresor d'Amadis
rassemble des passages sélectionnés dans une compilation elle-même régulièrement augmentée. L'article examine ces doubles mouvements complexes d'augmentation et de resserrement et quelques-uns de leurs effets, ainsi que, d'une part, les notions de collection, de cycle et de série pour la partie romanesque, et, d'autre part, la notion de compilation pour le
Thresor d'Amadis
. La collection des illustrations et la compilation du
Thresor
sont envisagées comme deux interprétants français des romans, le
Thresor
venant à leur secours dans un contexte défavorable à ce type de fiction. Le succès de soixante-quinze ans que connurent les
Amadis
est enfin attesté par une dernière opération de sélection-compilation, celle des dictionnaires anciens.
Cell‐based therapy for patients with vascular dementia
Authors: TAGUCHI Akihiko 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe homeostasis of neuronal cells is maintained by the cerebral circulation and blood–brain barrier. Circulating bone marrow‐derived immature cells, including CD34‐positive (CD34+) cells, have been implicated in homeostasis of the cerebral microvasculature. Decreased levels of circulating CD34+ cells, associated with ageing and/or cardiovascular risk factors, correlate with poor clinical outcomes in patients with cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases. Clinical trials with local transplantation of bone marrow‐derived immature cells for patients with limb ischaemia, including Buerger's disease and arteriosclerosis obliterans, have been shown to improve impaired microcirculation. In the present review, current findings about the correlation between circulating immature cells and microcirculation are reviewed, and the possibility of novel cell‐based therapy in patients with vascular dementia is discussed.
Low‐dose aripiprazole resolved complex hallucinations in the left visual field after right occipital infarction (Charles Bonnet syndrome)
Authors: CHEN Cheng‐Che , LIU Hsing‐Cheng 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe reported a patient who suffered from complex visual hallucinations with left homonymous hemianopsia. Brain imaging showed an acute haemorrhage infarct at the right occipital lobe. Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS) was suspected and aripiprazole was prescribed at 5 mg daily. After 3 weeks, the symptoms of hallucinations and anxiety were relieved. Although some CBS patients might be self‐limited without discomfort, low‐dose aripiprazole can be considered as a safe medication for significantly anxious patients with CBS.
Transfection of Human Platelets with Short Interfering RNA
Authors: Hong Wei , Kondkar Altaf A. , Nagalla Srikanth , Bergmeier Wolfgang , Jin Ying , Herman Jay H. , Bray Paul F. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractPlatelets contain mRNAs and are capable of translating mRNA into protein, and it has been previously demonstrated that platelets increase their levels of integrin β3 overtime while in blood bank storage conditions. We are unaware of prior attempts to introduce nucleic acids into platelets. Considering the potential clinical and research utility of manipulating platelet gene expression, we tested whether small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) could be transfected into normal human platelets. Multiple conditions were tested, including lipofectamine versus electroporation, different amounts of siRNA, the effect of different buffers and the presence of plasma during transfection, and the time for optimal siRNA incorporation after transfection. Using flow cytometry to assess transfection efficiency, we found that optimal transfection was obtained using lipofectamine, washed platelets, and 400 pmoles siRNA. Cell sorting of transfected platelets suggested that the incorporated siRNA was able to knockdown the level of a targeted mRNA. This is the first ever demonstration that nucleic acids can be introduced directly into platelets, and offers proof of concept for manipulating gene expression in platelets by nonviral methods. Future technical improvements may permit improving the quality and/or lifespan of stored human platelets. Clin Trans Sci 2011; Volume 4: 180–182
Pharmacologic Correction of Dominant‐Negative GH1 Deficiency Causing Mutations
Authors: Poling Justin S. , Phillips III John A. , Cogan Joy D. , Hamid Rizwan 
Published: June 2011

Abstract Purpose: Dominant‐negative growth hormone gene (GH1) mutations cause familial isolated growth hormone deficiency type II (IGHD II), which is characterized by GH deficiency, occasional multiple anterior pituitary hormone deficiencies, and anterior pituitary hypoplasia. We have previously shown that 17.5‐/22‐kDa GH1 transcript ratios correlate with the severity of the IGHD II phenotype. We hypothesized that different pharmaceutical agents could affect the GH1 transcript ratio by modulating alternative splicing. Methods: We exposed peripheral blood mononuclear cells from IGHD II patients and unaffected family members to different pharmacologic agents and then determined the 17.5‐/22‐kDa transcript ratios by real‐time PCR. Results: Dexamethasone and digoxin significantly increased the 17.5‐/22‐kDa transcript ratio, while sodium butyrate and 5‐iodotubericidin significantly decreased the ratio. Conclusion: Since we have previously shown that the ratio of the 17.5‐/22‐kDa GH1 transcripts correlates with severity of the IGHD II phenotype, our findings here suggest that selected previously unconsidered agents could possibly reduce the severity of IGHD II, while other agents could possibly exacerbate the disease phenotype. Clin Trans Sci 2011; Volume 4: 175–179
State Incapacity by Design: Understanding the Bihar Story
Authors: Mathew Santhosh , Moore Mick 
Published: June 2011

SummaryThe Indian state of Bihar has long been a byword for bad governance. It was however governed particularly badly between 1990 and 2005, and has since experienced something of a ‘governance miracle’. How can we account for the 1990–2005 deterioration? The answer lies in the interaction of three factors. The first was the type of leadership exercised by Lalu Prasad Yadav, who was Chief Minister throughout most of this period – even when his wife formally occupied the post. The second lies in electoral politics: the need to maintain the enthusiasm and morale of an electoral coalition that Yadav had constructed from a number of poorer and historically oppressed groups. Such was the scale of poverty among this core electoral coalition that Yadav had limited prospects of maintaining its cohesion and allegiance through the normal processes of promising ‘development’ and using networks of political patronage to distribute material resources to supporters. More important, that strategy would have involved a high level of dependence on the government apparatus, that was dominated by people from a number of historically‐dominant upper castes. That is our third factor. Yadav preferred to mobilise his supporters on the basis of continual confrontation with this historically oppressive elite. He kept public sector jobs vacant rather than appoint qualified people – who were mainly from the upper cases. He tried to micro‐manage the state apparatus from the Chief Minister's office. He denuded the public service of staff. He was then unable to use it to deliver ‘development’. We show that, among other things, the Bihar state government sacrificed large potential fiscal transfers from the Government of India designed for anti‐poverty programmes because it was unable to complete the relevant bureaucratic procedures. Yadav knowingly undermined the capacity of the state apparatus. There are parallels in many other parts of the world. Low state capacity is often a political choice.
Toupin-Type Decay and Saint-Venant’s Principle
Authors: Zhao Jian-Zhong 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Toupin’s Theorem plays the most influential role in the history of development concerning Saint-Venant’s Principle. We now review the history and the previous works, distinguishing Saint-Venant type decay from Toupin-type decay and arguing that Toupin’s Theorem is not a formulation of Saint-Venant’s Principle; Saint-Venant’s Principle stated by Love can be disproved mathematically from Toupin’s Theorem, so Toupin’s Theorem is mathematically inconsistent with Saint-Venant’s Principle; Modified Saint-Venant’s Principle can be proved or formulated, though Saint-Venant’s Principle in its general form stated by Boussinesq and Love is not true.
Reference air kerma and kerma‐area product as estimators of peak skin dose for fluoroscopically guided interventions
Authors: Kwon Deukwoo , Little Mark P. , Miller Donald L. 
Published: June 2011

Purpose:To determine more accurate regression formulas for estimating peak skin dose (PSD) from reference air kerma (RAK) or kerma‐area product (KAP).Methods:After grouping of the data from 21 procedures into 13 clinically similar groups, assessments were made of optimal clustering using the Bayesian information criterion to obtain the optimal linear regressions of (log‐transformed) PSD vs RAK, PSD vs KAP, and PSD vs RAK and KAP.Results:Three clusters of clinical groups were optimal in regression of PSD vs RAK, seven clusters of clinical groups were optimal in regression of PSD vs KAP, and six clusters of clinical groups were optimal in regression of PSD vs RAK and KAP. Prediction of PSD using both RAK and KAP is significantly better than prediction of PSD with either RAK or KAP alone. The regression of PSD vs RAK provided better predictions of PSD than the regression of PSD vs KAP. The partial‐pooling (clustered) method yields smaller mean squared errors compared with the complete‐pooling method.Conclusion:PSD distributions for interventional radiology procedures are log‐normal. Estimates of PSD derived from RAK and KAP jointly are most accurate, followed closely by estimates derived from RAK alone. Estimates of PSD derived from KAP alone are the least accurate. Using a stochastic search approach, it is possible to cluster together certain dissimilar types of procedures to minimize the total error sum of squares.
Postantibiotic Effect of Fidaxomicin and Its Major Metabolite, OP-1118, against Clostridium difficile
Authors: Babakhani Farah , Gomez Abraham , Robert Nikki , Sears Pamela 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT

Fidaxomicin (FDX), a narrow-spectrum antibiotic recently shown to be superior to vancomycin in providing sustained clinical response to
Clostridium difficile
infection, was investigated along with its major metabolite, OP-1118, with regard to their postantibiotic effects (PAE). FDX was found to have a prolonged PAE (10 h versus ATCC strains and 5.5 h versus a clinical isolate), and OP-1118's PAE was longer than that of the standard comparator, vancomycin (3 versus 0 to 1.5 h, respectively).