bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term health conditions and UK labour market outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Webb Edward J. D. , Conaghan Philip G. , Henderson Max , Hulme Claire , Kingsbury Sarah R. , Munyombwe Theresa , West Robert , Martin Adam 
Published: May 2024

Background
Long-term health conditions can affect labour market outcomes. COVID-19 may have increased labour market inequalities, e.g. due to restricted opportunities for clinically vulnerable people. Evaluating COVID-19’s impact could help target support.

Aim
To quantify the effect of several long-term conditions on UK labour market outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic and compare them to pre-pandemic outcomes.

Methods
The Understanding Society COVID-19 survey collected responses from around 20,000 UK residents in nine waves from April 2020-September 2021. Participants employed in January/February 2020 with a variety of long-term conditions were matched with people without the condition but with similar baseline characteristics. Models estimated probability of employment, hours worked and earnings. We compared these results with results from a two-year pre-pandemic period. We also modelled probability of furlough and home-working frequency during COVID-19.

Results
Most conditions (asthma, arthritis, emotional/nervous/psychiatric problems, vascular/pulmonary/liver conditions, epilepsy) were associated with reduced employment probability and/or hours worked during COVID-19, but not pre-pandemic. Furlough was more likely for people with pulmonary conditions. People with arthritis and cancer were slower to return to in-person working. Few effects were seen for earnings.

Conclusion
COVID-19 had a disproportionate impact on people with long-term conditions’ labour market outcomes.
Psychometric testing of the caregiver contribution to self-care of coronary heart disease inventory
Authors: Bolgeo Tatiana , Di Matteo Roberta , Simonelli Niccolò , Dal Molin Alberto , Bassola Barbara , Lusignani Maura , Maconi Antonio , Rasero Laura , Iovino Paolo , Vellone Ercole 
Published: May 2024

Background
Caregivers are important contributors to the self-care of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).

Aims
The aims of this study are to describe the development and psychometric properties of the caregiver contribution to self-care of coronary heart disease inventory (CC-SC-CHDI).

Methods
The CC-SC-CHDI was developed from the patient version of the scale, the Self-care of Coronary Heart Disease Inventory (SC-CHDI) and translated into Italian using forward and backward translation. Baseline data from the HEARTS-IN-DYADS study were used. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to assess factorial validity; Cronbach’s alpha and the model-based internal consistency index were used to test internal consistency reliability, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to test convergent validity, by investigating the association between the CC-SC-CHDI and the SC-CHDI scores.

Results
We included 131 caregivers (mean age 55 years, 81.2% females, 74% married) of patients affected by CHD (mean age 66 years, 80.2% males, 74% married). The CFA confirmed two factors in the caregiver contribution to self-care maintenance scale (“consulting behaviors” and “autonomous behaviors”), one factor for the CC to self-care monitoring scale, and two factors in the CC to self-care management scale (“consulting behaviors and problem-solving behaviors”). Reliability estimates were adequate for each scale (Cronbach’s alpha and model-based internal consistency indexes ranging from 0.73 to 0.90). Significant and positive correlations were observed between CC-SC-CHDI and SC-CHDI scales.

Conclusion
The CC-SC-CHDI has satisfactory validity and reliability and can be used confidently in clinical settings and research to assess caregiver contributions to CHD self-care.
Responsiveness of the cervical joint position error test to detect changes in neck proprioception following four weeks of home-based proprioceptive training
Authors: AlDahas Ahmad , Devecchi Valter , Deane Janet A. , Falla Deborah 
Published: May 2024

Introduction
People with chronic neck pain (CNP) commonly exhibit a range of physical impairments including cervical proprioceptive deficits. Assessing proprioception using a head mounted laser to assess joint position error (JPE) is a reliable and valid measure. However, the responsiveness of this measure has not been assessed.

Objective
To assess the responsiveness of the measure of cervical JPE after a 4-week home-based neck proprioceptive training intervention in people with CNP.

Design
An observational study to assess the responsiveness of the measure of cervical JPE.

Methods
The JPE test was assessed in people with CNP before and after 4 weeks of neck proprioception training. JPE was assessed as participants performed neck joint position sense tests for flexion, extension, right rotation, and left rotation in sitting and standing which were performed in a random order. Both the absolute and constant JPE were assessed. The intervention consisted of neck repositioning exercises as well as movement sense exercises. Cohen’s d effect size was used to assess the internal responsiveness of the JPE test. The Pearson’s correlation was used to assess the change of scores of the laser pointer and measures from inertial measurement units (IMUs) (external responsiveness).

Results
After 4 weeks of proprioception training, JPE assessed in sitting reduced from 2.69◦-3.57◦ to 1.88◦-1.98◦ for flexion, extension, and right rotation with large effect sizes (Cohen’s d range: 1.25–2.00). For left rotation, JPE reduced from 3.23◦ to 1.9◦, and the effect size was close to being large (Cohen’s d: 0.79). When assessed in standing, JPE reduced from 3.49◦-4.52◦ to 1.5◦-2.33◦ with large effect sizes (Cohen’s d range: 0.89–1.25) for flexion, extension, right rotation, and left rotation. Large effect sizes were not observed for the constant JPE when assessed in either sitting or standing. The assessment of the external responsiveness revealed weak correlations between the change of scores obtained from the laser pointer and the IMUs for all movements, apart from the constant JPE in sitting for left rotation, which showed a strong correlation (r = 0.7).

Conclusion
The results of this study showed that the measure of the JPE has sufficient internal responsiveness, however, the external responsiveness was inadequate. Further research is advised.
SARS-CoV-2 clade dynamics and their associations with hospitalisations during the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Päll Taavi , Abroi Aare , Avi Radko , Niglas Heiki , Shablinskaja Arina , Pauskar Merit , Jõgeda Ene-Ly , Soeorg Hiie , Kallas Eveli , Lahesaare Andrio , Truusalu Kai , Hoidmets Dagmar , Sadikova Olga , Ratnik Kaspar , Sepp Hanna , Dotsenko Liidia , Epštein Jevgenia , Suija Heleene , Kaarna Katrin , Smit Steven , Milani Lili , Metspalu Mait , Oopkaup Ott Eric , Koppel Ivar , Jaaniso Erik , Kuzmin Ivan , Inno Heleri , Raudvere Uku , Härma Mari-Anne , Naaber Paul , Reisberg Tuuli , Peterson Hedi , Talas Ulvi Gerst , Lutsar Irja , Huik Kristi 
Published: May 2024

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic was characterised by rapid waves of disease, carried by the emergence of new and more infectious SARS-CoV-2 virus variants. How the pandemic unfolded in various locations during its first two years has yet to be sufficiently covered. To this end, here we are looking at the circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants, their diversity, and hospitalisation rates in Estonia in the period from March 2000 to March 2022.

Methods
We sequenced a total of 27,550 SARS-CoV-2 samples in Estonia between March 2020 and March 2022. High-quality sequences were genotyped and assigned to Nextstrain clades and Pango lineages. We used regression analysis to determine the dynamics of lineage diversity and the probability of clade-specific hospitalisation stratified by age and sex.

Results
We successfully sequenced a total of 25,375 SARS-CoV-2 genomes (or 92%), identifying 19 Nextstrain clades and 199 Pango lineages. In 2020 the most prevalent clades were 20B and 20A. The various subsequent waves of infection were driven by 20I (Alpha), 21J (Delta) and Omicron clades 21K and 21L. Lineage diversity via the Shannon index was at its highest during the Delta wave. About 3% of sequenced SARS-CoV-2 samples came from hospitalised individuals. Hospitalisation increased markedly with age in the over-forties, and was negligible in the under-forties. Vaccination decreased the odds of hospitalisation in over-forties. The effect of vaccination on hospitalisation rates was strongly dependent upon age but was clade-independent. People who were infected with Omicron clades had a lower hospitalisation likelihood in age groups of forty and over than was the case with pre-Omicron clades regardless of vaccination status.

Conclusions
COVID-19 disease waves in Estonia were driven by the Alpha, Delta, and Omicron clades. Omicron clades were associated with a substantially lower hospitalisation probability than pre-Omicron clades. The protective effect of vaccination in reducing hospitalisation likelihood was independent of the involved clade.
Gendered Defenders: Marvel’s Heroines in Transmedia Spaces, Bryan J. Carr and Meta G. Carstarphein (eds) (2022)
Authors: Enlow Myers 
Published: May 2024

Review of: Gendered Defenders: Marvel’s Heroines in Transmedia Spaces, Bryan J. Carr and Meta G. Carstarphein (eds) (2022)
Columbus, OH: Ohio State University Press, 214 pp.,
ISBN 978-0-81421-527-2, h/bk, $119.95
Procedural fairness and political attitudes: unpacking the experiences of victims of intimate partner violence with the police
Authors: Rabello Kras Helen 
Published: May 2024

What is the relationship between procedural fairness in encounters with the police and intimate partner violence (IPV) survivors’ attitudes? I argue that because of the emotional damage caused by victimization, survivors are especially attuned to the interpersonal treatment they receive when seeking help from specialized services (e. g., police). If this treatment is procedurally unfair, they might conclude that IPV laws are not effective and become less likely to report intentions to intervene by calling the police if they witness intimate partner violence. Relying on public opinion data from Brazil, I find that procedural fairness matters for survivors’ opinions about laws, but I found no relationship between procedural fairness and bystander intervention attitudes. I explore possible explanations for this non-finding with several additional analyses.
El problema del mal en Baruch de Spinoza
Authors: Duperut Carelí 
Published: May 2024

En el presente artículo investigamos acerca de las reflexiones del filósofo judío Baruch de Spinoza en torno a la noción de mal (de enorme peso tanto para la religión como para el ámbito político). Nos focalizamos, por una parte, en el singular intercambio epistolar que mantiene con Guillermo de Blyenbergh, quien plantea el tema de manera específica, dando lugar a una disputa que exige a Spinoza dar cuenta de las consecuencias éticas de su ontología. Y, por otra parte, profundizamos en la sistematización de sus planteamientos sobre la cuestión a través de un análisis de la Ética. Con este texto, en primer lugar, ahondamos en la filosofía de un autor de gran influencia para la tarea filosófica actual; en segundo lugar, demostramos cómo el problema del mal y su resolución resultan un foco neurálgico que articula las tesis más importantes de la ontología absoluta; en tercer lugar, analizamos cómo la pregunta por mal patentiza el abandono, por parte del filósofo, de una lógica de la sustancia por una lógica de las relaciones modales; y, por último, explicitamos el criterio ético objetivo de la ética spinozista.
Oxidative Stress Assessment in Colorectal Cancer Patients
Authors: Qadir Vyan A. , Abdoulrahman Kamaran K. 
Published: May 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC), a global health challenge, exhibits rising incidence in low-income nations due to lifestyle changes. Oxidative stress, indicated by reactive oxygen species imbalance and Malondialdehyde (MDA), is linked to CRC. This study investigates oxidative stress markers, antioxidant enzymes, genetic markers, cellular regulation markers, and Vitamin E in CRC patients in Erbil. Ninety CRC patients and 30 healthy controls provided blood samples, processed and stored at –20°C. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits quantified oxidative stress, antioxidant markers, and Vitamin E. Oxidative stress markers showed significant differences, with elevated MDA and 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine levels in patients. Nitrotyrosine exhibited lower expression in patients. Antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase were enhanced in patients, while glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase and catalase levels were significantly lower in patients. The genetic marker KRAS showed a substantial decrease in patients (<0.0001) but both adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and CRC antigen (CCA) were higher. Serum vitamin E levels were significantly lower in patients (71.78 ± 6.368) compared to controls (142.3 ± 4.828, p < 0.0001). Elevated oxidative stress, altered enzymatic activity, significantly lower expression of KRAS, and higher expression of APC and CCA in the patient group. Furthermore, reduced Vitamin E levels were observed in the patient group, highlighting potential challenges in antioxidant defense.
The influence of undetected hemolysis on POCT potassium results in the emergency department
Authors: Tintu Andrei N. , Buño Soto Antonio , Van Hoof Viviane , Bench Suzanne , Malpass Anthony , Schilling Ulf Martin , Rooney Kevin , Oliver Sáez Paloma , Relker Lasse , Luppa Peter 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to evaluate discrepancies in potassium measurements between point-of-care testing (POCT) and central laboratory (CL) methods, focusing on the impact of hemolysis on these measurements and its impact in the clinical practice in the emergency department (ED).

Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted using data from three European university hospitals: Technische Universitat München (Germany), Hospital Universitario La Paz (Spain), and Erasmus University Medical Center (The Netherlands). The study compared POCT potassium measurements in EDs with CL measurements. Data normalization was performed in categories for potassium levels (kalemia) and hemolysis. The severity of discrepancies between POCT and CL potassium measurements was assessed using the reference change value (RCV).

Results
The study identified significant discrepancies in potassium between POCT and CL methods. In comparing POCT normo- and mild hypokalemia against CL results, differences of −4.20 % and +4.88 % were noted respectively. The largest variance in the CL was a +4.14 % difference in the mild hyperkalemia category. Additionally, the RCV was calculated to quantify the severity of discrepancies between paired potassium measurements from POCT and CL methods. The overall hemolysis characteristics, as defined by the hemolysis gradient, showed considerable variation between the testing sites, significantly affecting the reliability of potassium measurements in POCT.

Conclusions
The study highlighted the challenges in achieving consistent potassium measurement results between POCT and CL methods, particularly in the presence of hemolysis. It emphasised the need for integrated hemolysis detection systems in future blood gas analysis devices to minimise discrepancies and ensure accurate POCT results.
The Impact of Job Satisfaction on Teacher Mental Health: A Call to Action for Educational Policymakers
Authors: Singh Yogendra Kumar , Gautam Dev Nath Singh 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Job satisfaction significantly impacts teachers’ overall well-being and mental health. Research reveals a strong connection between employment status and mental health, with teaching being a particularly stressful profession. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated these challenges, with the shift to online education and limited support causing heightened stress, anxiety, and depression. This study analyses scientific literature exploring the link between job satisfaction and mental health (depression, stress, and anxiety) in teachers. By examining relevant articles in major databases like Web of Science, PSYNDEX, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Google Scholar, the research identifies numerous sociodemographic and institutional factors contributing to teachers’ mental health struggles, including workload, teaching experience, job satisfaction, gender, and the nature of online education. The findings highlight the urgent need for educational policymakers to develop policies prioritizing teacher well-being, especially during times of crisis. This involves addressing factors affecting job satisfaction and implementing strategies to promote mental health support for educators.
Incorporating GO in PI matrix to advance nanocomposite coating: An enhancing strategy to prevent corrosion
Authors: Bhutta Muhammad Shoaib , Chen Yuanhua , Ahmed Muneeb , Mahmood Atif , Albaqami Munirah D. , Mohammad Saikh , Kang Jee-Hyun , Zoubi Wail Al , Choi Dongwhi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This research endeavors to advance the anti-corrosive characteristics, mainly the physico-mechanical properties, by incorporating graphene oxide (GO) into a polyimide (PI) matrix. So, a nanocomposite coating is fabricated for an aluminum alloy substrate. Results reveal that the coating was uniformly dispersed across the surface signifying that the inclusion of GO increased the PI dispersion. The π–π stacking interactions between the aromatic rings of PI and GO contribute to their stability and improved anticorrosive properties. The incorporation of GO to PI films significantly enhances hydrophobicity, as evidenced by the increased contact angles. Assessing the corrosion resistance of the coating in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentio-dynamic polarization establishes a prominent correlation between the percentage of GO and the anticorrosion efficiency of the composite coating. Precisely, the nanocomposite coating containing 5 wt% GO exhibits an impressive impedance modulus value of 107, and the corrosion current density (I
cor) is drastically reduced by over three orders of magnitude, reaching 4.8 × 10−9 A cm−2, as indicated by the polarization curve. Also, prolonged immersion tests confirm the exceptional protective ability of the S5 coating (5 wt% GO), effectively shielding the metal for up to 100 h. After conducting diagnostic measurements, the hybrid nanocomposites of GO/PI examined in this study showcased their effectiveness as inhibitors in anticorrosive coatings. These composites played a vital role to hinder the oxidation of underlying aluminum alloy when exposed to oxidizing chemicals, water, or air, thereby extending the protective duration.
Maternal Vitamin D Supplementation and Infantile Rickets: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Trial
Authors: Lautatzis Maria-Elena , Keya Farhana K. , Al Mahmud Abdullah , Tariq Ulaina , Lam Carol , Morris Shaun K. , Stimec Jennifer , Zlotkin Stanley , Ahmed Tahmeed , Harrington Jennifer , Roth Daniel E. 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND
The role of maternal vitamin D supplementation in the prevention of infantile rickets is unknown, particularly in low- and middle-income countries without routine infant vitamin D supplementation. Through secondary analysis of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial in Bangladesh, we examined the dose-ranging effects of maternal vitamin D supplementation on the risk of biochemical rickets at 6 to 12 months of age.

METHODS
Pregnant women (n = 1300) were randomized into 5 groups: placebo, or vitamin D 4200 IU/week, 16 800 IU/week, or 28 000 IU/week from second trimester to delivery and placebo until 6 months postpartum; or 28 000 IU/week prenatally and until 6 months postpartum. Infants underwent biochemical rickets screening from 6 to 12 months of age (n = 790). Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of biochemical rickets were estimated for each group versus placebo.

RESULTS
Overall, 39/790 (4.9%) infants had biochemical rickets. Prevalence was highest in the placebo group (7.8%), and the risk was significantly lower among infants whose mothers received combined prenatal and postpartum vitamin D at 28 000 IU/week (1.3%; RR, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.03–0.72). Risks among infants whose mothers received only prenatal supplementation (4200 IU, 16 800 IU, 28 000 IU weekly) were not significantly different from placebo: 3.8% (RR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.19–1.22), 5.8% (RR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.33–1.69), and 5.7% (RR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.32–1.65), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
Maternal vitamin D supplementation (28 000 IU/week) during the third trimester of pregnancy until 6 months postpartum reduced the risk of infantile biochemical rickets. Further research is needed to define optimal postpartum supplementation dosing during lactation.
Critical Analysis of the Development of the Design of Lattice Tube Concrete Bridges with a Ride on Top
Authors: Spivak D. S. , Kliuchnyk S. V. 
Published: May 2024

Purpose. The paper aims to highlight and substantiate the need to find rational design schemes for lattice tube concrete bridges with a ride on top based on the analysis of recent research and regulatory documents. Methodology. The current scientific research is analyzed to determine the current state of development of pipe concrete lattice structures. Methods for improving structures are presented. Combinations of filling the grating elements with concrete, variants of cross-sections of the grating elements, their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. The state of building codes of Ukraine and other countries is considered in order to determine possible options for the design of pipe concrete bridge structures. Due to the lack of detailed research on this issue, the feasibility of implementing optimization studies for these structures and the steps necessary for this are determined. Findings. The optimization of pipe-concrete bridge structures is a relevant area of research, but it requires a multicomponent approach and the use of modern computer facilities. The method of linear optimization is proposed and its general steps for finding economic models are determined. It was found that the base of Ukrainian SCSs in the field of pipe and concrete structures is limited, but can be expanded by using European standards and other international regulations. Originality. The necessity of global development and improvement of pipe concrete gratings of bridge spans is highlighted. Attention is focused on the advantages of this area, which contributes to decision-making at the stage of selecting the type of bridge and detailed design of pipe-concrete lattice bridges. A methodology for finding the optimal grids is proposed, which can integrate existing methods of structural improvement and the requirements of regulatory documents. Practical value. The results of the study can be used to improve the design of pipe concrete bridges at the design stage. Optimization of gratings can help to increase the efficiency of construction and reliability of this type of bridge structure.