bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MobilityDL: a review of deep learning from trajectory data
Authors: Graser Anita , Jalali Anahid , Lampert Jasmin , Weißenfeld Axel , Janowicz Krzysztof 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Trajectory data combines the complexities of time series, spatial data, and (sometimes irrational) movement behavior. As data availability and computing power have increased, so has the popularity of deep learning from trajectory data. This review paper provides the first comprehensive overview of deep learning approaches for trajectory data. We have identified eight specific mobility use cases which we analyze with regards to the deep learning models and the training data used. Besides a comprehensive quantitative review of the literature since 2018, the main contribution of our work is the data-centric analysis of recent work in this field, placing it along the mobility data continuum which ranges from detailed dense trajectories of individual movers (quasi-continuous tracking data), to sparse trajectories (such as check-in data), and aggregated trajectories (crowd information).
To Add or to Multiply? Gender, Sexual Minority Status, and Sexual Harassment in the Norwegian Police Service
Authors: Bye Hege H. , Bjørkelo Brita 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Does being a sexual minority member heighten the risk of sexual harassment to the same extent for women and men? We compare two perspectives on the interaction between gender and sexual minority status in predicting exposure to sexual harassment: gender and sexual minority status as independent risk factors (additive effects) versus sexual minority status as a stronger risk factor for men (interactive effects). In a representative survey among N = 4386 employees from the Norwegian Police Service, we found support for the additive perspective. Women, OR = 2.46, 95% CI [2.12, 2.89], and sexual minorities, OR = 2.51, 95% CI [1.81, 3.48], had higher odds of being targeted by sexual harassment. We do not find that sexual minority status is a stronger risk factor for men than for women but that sexual minority status increases the odds of being targeted with sexual harassment for both women and men. The effect of the interaction between gender and sexual minority status (OR = 0.80, 95% CI [0.39, 1.63]) was too small to be significant in our sample. We discuss methodological challenges in studying low-frequency events such as sexual harassment from an intersectional perspective. The group most at risk for being sexually harassed at work in the NPS is sexual minority women. Norway is characterized by gender equality and legal protection of sexual minorities. This does not seem to cancel out the effects that violations of gender ideals have on the likelihood of being harassed.
Consciously stochastic in preference reversals
Authors: Shi Liu , Qiu Jianying , Li Jiangyan , Bohn Frank 
Published: May 2024

AbstractStochastic choice, the act of choosing differently in repeated decisions, can be a conscious decision made by individuals who are aware of their inability to make a definitive choice. To examine the prevalence and implications of conscious stochastic choice, we developed a novel method and implemented it in a preference reversal experiment: In each valuation choice between the bet and a varying reference option, subjects could either pay a small cost to select a specific option or opt for a free randomization choice where a computer randomly selects an option. Our findings revealed that the majority of subjects exhibited conscious stochastic choice, and further that their choices were significantly affected by the elicitation procedures.
Evaluating the glymphatic system via magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging along the perivascular spaces in brain tumor patients
Authors: Villacis Gabriela , Schmidt Aileen , Rudolf Justus C. , Schwenke Hannes , Küchler Jan , Schramm Peter , Ulloa Patricia 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate glymphatic system function in patients with brain tumors, including both primary and secondary tumors, using diffusion tensor imaging along perivascular spaces (DTI-ALPS).

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed the MR DTI of 24 patients with unilateral brain tumors and compared them with age and sex-matched controls. We compared the DTI-ALPS index of the ipsi- and contralateral brain hemispheres. The region of interest was placed in the periventricular vessels adjacent to the lateral ventricles. Differences between sex, age, and kind of tumor (primary or brain metastasis) were evaluated. Correlations between DTI-ALPS index and age and the tumor's apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were also investigated.

Results
The DTI-ALPS index was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the tumor-affected hemisphere (mean = 1.26 ± 0.24) than contralateral (mean = 1.43 ± 0.28). A comparison with healthy controls revealed no significant difference on the matched ipsilateral side. However, the DTI-ALPS index of the contralateral side of the patients was larger than the HC. Additionally, no statistically significant differences were found when analyzing the DTI-ALPS index vs. age, sex, and tumor entity. Additionally, we did not find a correlation between the DTI-ALPS index and patient age or tumor ADC.

Conclusion
The decreased DTI-ALPS index in the tumor-affected hemisphere may be related to impaired glymphatic system function. However, cancer is often a systemic disease; thus, the DTI-ALPS index from the contralateral brain hemisphere may not generally be considered as a normal control. Nonetheless, the DTI-ALPS index does not only reflect diffusion in the perivascular spaces but it can also be influenced by factors such as axonal degeneration. Therefore, it does not directly reflect brain waste clearance and changes in the index should be interpreted carefully.
Discursive Resilience
Authors: Bilandzic Helena , Kalch Anja , Kinnebrock Susanne , Buchner Benedikt , Kollar Ingo , Schuller Björn W. 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungIn contemporary digitalized media environments, the interaction between technologies and user practices
can lead to polarization, fragmentation, and radicalization of the media discourse. We argue that these
issues require efforts to strengthen ‘discursive resilience’, which we define as the capacity
of the discourse on digital platforms or (social) media and its participants to cope with polarization,
fragmentation, and radicalization, and to adapt and transform its capacities, procedures, and structures
in anticipation of these issues. In this contribution, we propose three strategies to counter such threats
and build discursive resilience: diagnosis of risks and vulnerabilities, user literacy in digital media
environments, and platform regulation and self-management.
Effects of acid deposition control in China: a review based on responses of subtropical forests
Authors: Xie Danni , Ge Xiaodong , Duan Lei , Mulder Jan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFor many decades, acid deposition used to pose a significant regional air pollution challenge in China. After substantial emission control of anthropogenically derived sulfur and nitrogen containing gasses, both sulfur and nitrogen deposition, as well as the acid rain-affected area, have significantly decreased compared to their peak levels. Forests, particularly in the humid subtropics, are sensitive to acid deposition, as evidenced by soil acidification, sulfate and nitrate leaching in stream water, and elevated soil nitrous oxide emission. Reduction in the total deposition of sulfur and nitrogen, caused a significant decline in sulfate and nitrate leaching from subtropical forest and subsequently in sulfate and nitrate concentrations in stream water, although there was about a 5-year delay. This delay may be attributed to the desorption of accumulated sulfate and continued elevated mineralization of accumulated nitrogen pools. Emissions of nitrous oxide, a potent greenhouse gas, also declined in nitrogen-saturated subtropical forest soils, as soil water nitrate concentration decreased. Therefore, subtropical forests in China suffering from elevated acid deposition have begun to recover. Yet, the current levels of sulfur and nitrogen deposition continue to exceed the critical loads, i.e., the assigned threshold levels in accordance with emission control policies, in more than 10% of the country’s land area, respectively, indicating remaining risks of acidification and eutrophication. Thus, further emission reductions are urgently needed, also because they will help achieving goals related to air quality and nitrous oxide emissions.
VEXAS syndrome
Authors: Nakajima Hideaki , Kunimoto Hiroyoshi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractVEXAS syndrome is a recently identified, adult-onset autoinflammatory disease caused by somatic mutations in UBA1. UBA1 is an X-linked gene encoding E1 ubiquitin activating enzyme and its mutation in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells leads to their clonal expansion and myeloid-skewed differentiation. UBA1 mutations in VEXAS are clustered at the second methionine (p.Met41), eliminating UBA1b isoform translated from p.Met41. Loss of UBA1b impairs ubiquitination and activates innate immune pathways, leading to systemic autoinflammation manifested as recurrent fever, chondritis, pulmonary involvement, vasculitis, or neutrophilic dermatitis. VEXAS syndrome is frequently associated with hematological disorders such as myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), plasma cell dyscrasia and venous thromboembolism. Macrocytic anemia/macrocytosis and vacuoles in myeloid/erythroid precursors are prominent features of VEXAS syndrome, and their presence in patients with autoinflammatory symptoms prompts physicians to screen for UBA1 variant. Treatment of VEXAS syndrome is challenging and no consistently effective therapies have been established. Anti-inflammation therapies including glucocorticoids and anti-interleukin-6 have shown limited efficacy, while azacytidine and JAK inhibitors such as ruxolitinib were found to induce favorable, mid-term responses. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the only curative option for VEXAS and should be considered for younger, fit patients with poor prognostic factors or recalcitrant symptoms.
Evaluating Explainable Machine Learning Models for Clinicians
Authors: Scarpato Noemi , Nourbakhsh Aria , Ferroni Patrizia , Riondino Silvia , Roselli Mario , Fallucchi Francesca , Barbanti Piero , Guadagni Fiorella , Zanzotto Fabio Massimo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGaining clinicians’ trust will unleash the full potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine, and explaining AI decisions is seen as the way to build trustworthy systems. However, explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) methods in medicine often lack a proper evaluation. In this paper, we present our evaluation methodology for XAI methods using forward simulatability. We define the Forward Simulatability Score (FSS) and analyze its limitations in the context of clinical predictors. Then, we applied FSS to our XAI approach defined over an ML-RO, a machine learning clinical predictor based on random optimization over a multiple kernel support vector machine (SVM) algorithm. To Compare FSS values before and after the explanation phase, we test our evaluation methodology for XAI methods on three clinical datasets, namely breast cancer, VTE, and migraine. The ML-RO system is a good model on which to test our XAI evaluation strategy based on the FSS. Indeed, ML-RO outperforms two other base models—a decision tree (DT) and a plain SVM—in the three datasets and gives the possibility of defining different XAI models: TOPK, MIGF, and F4G. The FSS evaluation score suggests that the explanation method F4G for the ML-RO is the most effective in two datasets out of the three tested, and it shows the limits of the learned model for one dataset. Our study aims to introduce a standard practice for evaluating XAI methods in medicine. By establishing a rigorous evaluation framework, we seek to provide healthcare professionals with reliable tools for assessing the performance of XAI methods to enhance the adoption of AI systems in clinical practice.
TOPSIS-based factor analytic model for the assessment of agricultural development in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Singh Vishwajeet , Dube Madhulika , Nagasampige Manojkumar , Trivedi Ritanshi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study delves into the nuanced evaluation of disparities in agricultural development in the leading agriculture-producing state, Uttar Pradesh in India. Unfortunately, owing to a multitude of reasons, the pace of development in all the districts of the state is different. Therefore, using the data on twenty-six agricultural indicators for the years 2019 and 2020, a unique and novel application that combines Factor Analytic Model, based on the theory of TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution), has been used to develop a composite index system for ranking the agricultural development in various districts in the state. The districts are then categorized into homogeneous groups of Highly Developed, Developed, Developing, and Less Developed in terms of their agricultural development status using Hierarchical and K-Mean Cluster Analysis. Key findings reveal significant prosperity in the Western region of Uttar Pradesh, while the semi-arid Bundelkhand region faces considerable challenges, emerging as the most underdeveloped zone. In order to help the policy makers and planners to achieve a uniform pace of agricultural development in the entire state, the work in the article is also devoted to determine model districts for the identified less developed districts.
Residual serialized cross grouping transformer for small scale sketch face recognition
Authors: Du Kangning , Wang Yinkai , Yin Jianqiang , Cao Lin , Guo Yanan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSketch face recognition has recently gained significant attention in the field of computer vision due to its ability to quickly identify matched pairs of optical and sketch images. This technology has the potential to greatly improve the efficiency of law enforcement agencies in criminal investigations. However, there are still challenges that need to be addressed in sketch face recognition algorithms, such as modal differences and limited sample sizes. To overcome these issues, this study proposes a Residual Serialized Cross Grouping Transformer (RSCGT), which contains a residual serialized module to reduce the computation complexity, a two-layer Cross Grouping Transformer module that is capable of extracting modality-invariant context features, a domain adaptive module to mitigate the impact of modal differences. Additionally, we introduce a meta-learning training strategy to augment the generalization ability of this model. Experimental results demonstrate that the RSCGT achieves high accuracy in sketch face recognition tasks, even with small-scale datasets.
A Whole-Person Approach to Harm Reduction for Women
Authors: Brown Somer 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWomen are the fastest-growing population of people who use drugs in the US. As a group, they are more likely than men to experience stigma, poverty, and negative mental health outcomes. This article discusses the unique needs of women drug users in the US and provides suggestions on how to leverage national attention — and federal funding — to make harm reduction services in the US more gender sensitive, and, as a result, more effective in reducing harm for women who use drugs in this country.
Integrating Public Health Ethics into Public Health Policymaking: Being in the Room Where It Happens
Authors: Arias Jalayne J. , Goldberg Daniel S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis commentary takes up a challenge posed by Franklin Miller in a 2022 essay in Bioethics Forum. Dr. Miller queried whether bioethicists could be useful in public health policy contexts and while he refrained from issuing an ultimate opinion, did identify several challenges to such utility. The current piece responds to the challenges Dr. Miller identifies and argues that with appropriate training, public health ethicists can be of service in virtually any context in which public health policies are deliberated and decided.
A Federally Qualified Health Center-led Ethics & Equity Framework & Workflow Checklist: An Invited Commentary in Response to a Relational Public Health Framing of FQHCs During COVID-19
Authors: Torres Cristina Huebner , Kassis Sylvia Baedorf , Sayeed Sadath , Bierer Barbara E. , Emmons Karen M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWith disparate rates of morbidity and mortality among minoritized communities, COVID-19 illuminated the need for equity-informed practices in public health. Pacia et al posit FQHCs as entities that addressed inequity when others failed. This commentary further situates how FQHCs address the public health crisis of institutional racism and related health inequities every day and presents a FQHC-led Ethics and Equity Framework and Workflow Checklist to guide ethical and equitable engagement with FQHCs.
Body composition from birth to 6 months in term small-for-gestational-age Indian infants: effect of catch-up growth
Authors: Kumar Brijesh , Anand Pratima , Chellani Harish , Agarwal Ramesh , Jain Vandana 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe objective of this prospective observational study was to assess the growth and body composition of term small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants from birth to 6 months and evaluate the effect of catch-up growth (CUG) on body composition. Term SGA newborns were recruited at birth. Anthropometry and body composition were evaluated at 3 days, 6, 10 and 14 weeks, and 6 months. Fat and fat-free mass (FM and FFM) were compared between infants with and without CUG (increase in weight Z-score by > 0·67) by air displacement plethysmography. Factors that could affect body composition and CUG, including parents’ BMI and stature, infants’ birth weight, sex and feeding, were evaluated. A total of 143 SGA newborns (sixty-six boys) with birth weight of 2336 (sd 214) g were enrolled; 109 were followed up till 6 months. Median weight Z-score increased from −2·3 at birth to −1·3 at 6 months, with 51·9 % of infants showing CUG. Infants with CUG had higher FM (1796 (sd 491) g v. 1196 (sd 474) g, P < 0·001) but similar FFM (4969 (sd 508) g v. 4870 (sd 622) g, P = 0·380), and consequently higher FM percentage (FM%) (26·5 (sd 5·8) v. 19·7 (sd 6·9), P < 0·001), compared with those without CUG. Lower birth weight, exclusive breast-feeding and higher parental stature were positively associated with CUG. In conclusion, CUG in term SGA infants in the first 6 months of life was almost entirely attributable to greater gain in FM. Follow-up of this cohort will provide insight into the long-term effect of disproportionate gain in FM in early infancy in SGA babies.
Evaluating mineral biomarkers as mediators and moderators of behavioural improvements in a randomised controlled trial of multinutrients for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Robinette Lisa M. , Johnstone Jeanette M. , Srikanth Priya , Bruton Alisha M. , Ralle Martina , Ast Hayleigh K. , Bradley Ryan D. , Leung Brenda , Arnold L. Eugene , Hatsu Irene E. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEssential minerals are cofactors for synthesis of neurotransmitters supporting cognition and mood. An 8-week fully-blind randomised controlled trial of multinutrients for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) demonstrated three times as many children (age 6–12) had significantly improved behaviour (‘treatment responders’) on multinutrients (54 %) compared with placebo (18 %). The aim of this secondary study was to evaluate changes in fasted plasma and urinary mineral concentrations following the intervention and their role as mediators and moderators of treatment response. Fourteen essential or trace minerals were measured in plasma and/or urine at baseline and week eight from eighty-six participants (forty-nine multinutrients, thirty-seven placebos). Two-sample t tests/Mann–Whitney U tests compared 8-week change between treatment and placebo groups, which were also evaluated as potential mediators. Baseline levels were evaluated as potential moderators, using logistic regression models with clinical treatment response as the outcome. After 8 weeks, plasma boron, Cr (in females only), Li, Mo, Se and vanadium and urinary iodine, Li and Se increased more with multinutrients than placebo, while plasma phosphorus decreased. These changes did not mediate treatment response. However, baseline urinary Li trended towards moderation: participants with lower baseline urinary Li were more likely to respond to multinutrients (P = 0·058). Additionally, participants with higher baseline Fe were more likely to be treatment responders regardless of the treatment group (P = 0·036.) These results show that multinutrient treatment response among children with ADHD is independent of their baseline plasma mineral levels, while baseline urinary Li levels show potential as a non-invasive biomarker of treatment response requiring further study.
On the inside looking out: gendered space and virtuous femininity in the Pompeian house
Authors: Milnor Kristina 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper considers the question of how to find “women's space” in the Roman house by looking at a painting of the myth of Pero and Mycon in a small cubiculum off the atrium of Pompeii's House of Marcus Lucretius Fronto. It argues that the combination of the image with an ecphrastic poem functions to draw viewers into the enclosed room, so that they experience the painting from a position of interiority. This echoes the interiority which is thematized in the myth and presented as an important aspect of the virtuous femininity it celebrates. By communicating gendered meaning through both images of place and the viewer's physical experience, the painting offers a way of understanding women's space as simultaneously material and representational.
The record of coal exploration in the Ordovician-Silurian in the Southern Uplands of Scotland and the north of Ireland
Authors: PARNELL John , ARMSTRONG Joseph G. T. , LINGS Alastair 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
The Southern Uplands-Down-Longford Terrane (SUDLT) saw exploration for coal in Ordovician-Silurian marine rocks for several centuries, including well after it was understood that land plant coals would not occur in such rocks. Some lithologies were so carbonaceous that a fuel of sorts was mined. The record of this exploration and mining activity is mostly forgotten, but there are diverse sources to show that it was widespread. Exploration was mostly inspired by outcrops of Moffat Shale, in which deformation and hydrocarbon generation left coal-like products. The hydrocarbon origin conferred high calorific value to the fuel, so it did burn and encouraged exploration. The deposits show that an accretionary prism can be a reservoir of locally abundant carbon.