bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral health of a Brazilian population on renal dialysis
Authors: Cunha Fernanda L. , Tagliaferro Elaine P. S. , Pereira Antonio C. , Meneghim Marcelo C. , Hebling Eduardo 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to assess the oral health of patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) undergoing hemodialysis in Brazil. A dentist examined 160 subjects aged 40 to 85 years of age.Data was collected on dental caries, use of and need for dentures, oral mucosa, periodontal disease and temporomandibular joint status. All subjects were interviewed about their socioeconomic status, dental and medical history, and oral hygiene habits.Most subjects had hypertension (49.4%); used the public service for their medical care (69.4%); had a middle school educational level (83.1%); and did not complain of xerostomia (60.0%). The majority used private oral healthcare services and used a toothbrush only for oral hygiene. The mean DMFT was 26.0 (standard deviation 7.7). Moat individuals did not wear dentures, but needed some type of prosthesis. Lesions of the oral mucosa (3.1 %), signs (2.5%) and symptoms (3.8%) of temporomandibular dysfunction could be observed in only a few patients.The oral health of the subjects examined was poor. These persons needed their oral condition monitored by a dentist and their oral disease treated as well as receiving instruction on oral hygiene.
Special care dentistry: A new specialty in Brazil
Authors: Mugayar Leda , Hebling Eduardo , Dias Paula Vendramini 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTIn 2001, the Brazilian Dental Council established a new specialty: Special Care Dentistry (SCD). This decision was based on the increase of both the number of people with disabilities and their demand for dental treatment. The aim of this study was to present the currant status of SCD in Brazil. Data was obtained through online searches from the Brazilian Dental Council and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. There are 11 SCD training programs which have the potential to produce 132 new specialists every 18 months. There are currently 292 specialists in SCD unevenly distributed throughout the country. The ratio of specialists to the number of people with disabilities was 1:82,247. At the undergraduate level, this new specialty was not included in most dental schools in Brazil. Special Care Dentistry should be included in the undergraduate curriculum of dental schools in Brazil. Master's and PhD postgraduate degree courses should be developed to produce more teachers, consultants, and researchers in this field.
Disseminated histoplasmosis with oral manifestation
Authors: Epifanio Rodolfo N. , Brannon Robert B. , Muzyka Brian C. 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTHistoplasmosis is a fungal disease that affects humans and is caused by Histoplasma capsulatum. The presentation of the infection may be acute, chronic, or disseminated. The disseminated form has extrapulmonary manifestations which may include oral manifestation a. A patient with AIDS sought treatment and he had disseminated histoplasmosis with oral manifestations.The purpose of this case report and literature review is to emphasize the role the dental team has in the diagnosis of disseminated disease when a patient presents with oral manifestations associated with the disease.This case report is clinically relevant because it is not uncommon for oral manifestations to be one of the first signs of systemic disease.
LACK OF AWARENESS OF KIDNEY COMPLICATIONS DESPITE FAMILIARITY WITH DIABETES: A MULTI‐ETHNIC QUALITATIVE STUDY
Authors: Wilkinson Emma , Randhawa Gurch , Farrington Ken , Greenwood Roger , Feehally John , Choi Peter , Lightstone Liz 
Published: February 2011

SUMMARY Background: Comparing South Asians with White Europeans and examining the cultural context of any observed differences is a necessary step in achieving culturally competent services and in helping to reduce inequalities which exist in outcomes for South Asian patients with End Stage Renal Disease. Methods: Newly referred South Asian and White adult patients with diabetes were recruited from nephrology outpatient clinics in three UK centres—Luton, West London and Leicester. A semi‐structured qualitative interview was conducted with 48 patients and a thematic analysis of the data produced is reported. Results: Access to knowledge about renal complications of diabetes, was related to referral to renal services and recent monitoring and not to previous medical encounters. South Asian patients were aware of the high prevalence of diabetes within South Asian communities and a small number reported experience of kidney problems in other family members although any connection with diabetes was not made. Conclusion: Ongoing renal care information should be provided to people with diabetes and the cultural context of any information exchange needs to be addressed.
DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS AND DIETARY ADHERENCE IN PATIENTS WITH END‐STAGE RENAL DISEASE
Authors: Khalil Amani A. , Frazier Susan K. , Lennie Terry A. , Sawaya B. Peter 
Published: February 2011

SUMMARYDepressive symptoms may be associated with fluid and dietary non adherence which could lead to poorer outcomes. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between depressive symptoms and fluid and dietary adherence in 100 patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) receiving haemodialysis. A descriptive, cross‐sectional design with a convenience sample of 100 patients with ESRD receiving maintenance haemodialysis completed instruments that measured self‐reported depressive symptoms and perceived fluid and dietary adherence. Demographic and clinical data and objective indicators of fluid and diet adherence were extracted from medical records. As many as two‐third of these subjects exhibited depressive symptoms and half were non adherent to fluid and diet prescriptions. After controlling for known covariates, patients determined to have moderate to severe depressive symptoms were more likely to report non adherence to fluid and diet restrictions. Depressive symptoms in patients with ESRD are common and may contribute to dietary and fluid non adherence. Early identification and appropriate interventions may potentially lead to improvement in adherence of these patients.
DIETARY EGG WHITES FOR PHOSPHORUS CONTROL IN MAINTENANCE HAEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS: A PILOT STUDY
Authors: Taylor Lynn M. , Kalantar‐Zadeh Kamyar , Markewich Theodore , Colman Sara , Benner Debbie , Sim John J. , Kovesdy Csaba P. 
Published: February 2011

SUMMARY Background: High dietary protein intake is associated with greater survival in maintenance haemodialysis (MHD) patients. High‐protein foods may increase dietary phosphorus burden, which is associated with increased mortality in these patients. Hypothesis is: an egg white based diet with low phosphorus to protein ratio (<1.4 mg/g) will lower serum phosphorus without deteriorating the nutritional status in MHD patients. Objective: We assessed serum phosphorus and albumin levels in MHD patients who agreed to ingest one meal per day with pasteurised liquid egg whites without phosphorus additives, as principal protein source. Methods: Thirteen otherwise stable MHD patients with serum phosphorus >4.0 mg/dl agreed to consume eight ounces (225 g) of pasteurised liquid egg whites one meal per day for six weeks. Recipes were suggested to improve diet variety. Results: Thirteen participating patients included seven women, three African Americans and five diabetics. Twelve patients exhibited drop in serum phosphorus. Mean population fall in serum phosphorus was 0.94 mg/dl, i.e. from 5.58 ± 1.34 (mean ± SD) to 4.63 ± 1.18 (p = 0.003). Serum albumin showed an increase by 0.19 g/dl, i.e. from 4.02 ± 0.29 to 4.21 ± 0.36 g/dl (p = 0.014). Changes in phosphorus pill count were not statistically significant (p = 0.88). The egg white diet was well tolerated, and recipe variety appreciated. Conclusion: Pasteurised liquid egg whites may be an effective diet component lowering serum phosphorus without risking malnutrition. Controlled trials are indicated to examine egg white based dietary interventions in MHD patients at home or during haemodialysis treatment.
A Leptospira borgpetersenii Serovar Hardjo Vaccine Induces a Th1 Response, Activates NK Cells, and Reduces Renal Colonization
Authors: Zuerner Richard L. , Alt David P. , Palmer Mitchell V. , Thacker Tyler C. , Olsen Steven C. 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTChronic infection of cattle withLeptospira borgpeterseniiserovar Hardjo reduces animal production through reproductive failure and presents a persistent health threat to workers in the animal industry. Cattle are maintenance hosts for serovar Hardjo, and development of vaccines that establish long-term protective immunity has been problematic; induction of high titers of anti-serovar Hardjo antibody does not appear to be protective. Rather, development of an antigen-specific Th1 response appears to be critical for limiting renal colonization and urinary shedding of bacteria. In this study we compared two monovalent killed bacterial cell vaccines to assess long-term (12 months) protection against live serovar Hardjo challenge. Although neither vaccine prevented infection, renal colonization and urinary shedding of bacteria were reduced compared to those of control animals. Increased proliferation of CD4+, CD8+, and γδ T cells from vaccinated, but not control, animals was detected. In addition, NK cells from vaccinated animals and from all animals following infection, when exposed to antigenex vivo, demonstrated a gamma interferon (IFN-γ) recall response. We propose that programming NK cells to respond quickly toL. borgpeterseniiserovar Hardjo infection may be an important step toward developing protective immunity.
Differential Toll-Like Receptor Recognition and Induction of Cytokine Profile by Bifidobacterium breve and Lactobacillus Strains of Probiotics
Authors: Plantinga Theo S. , van Maren Wendy W. C. , van Bergenhenegouwen Jeroen , Hameetman Marjolijn , Nierkens Stefan , Jacobs Cor , de Jong Dirk J. , Joosten Leo A. B. , van't Land Belinda , Garssen Johan , Adema Gosse J. , Netea Mihai G. 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTThe use of probiotics as a food supplement has gained tremendous interest in the last few years as beneficial effects were reported in gut homeostasis and nutrient absorption but also in immunocompromised patients, supporting protection from colonization or infection with pathogenic bacteria or fungi. As a treatment approach for inflammatory bowel diseases, a suitable probiotic strain would ideally be one with a low immunogenic potential. Insight into the immunogenicities and types of T-cell responses induced by potentially probiotic strains allows a more rational selection of a particular strain. In the present study, the bacterial strainsBifidobacterium breve(NumRes 204),Lactobacillus rhamnosus(NumRes1), andLactobacillus casei(DN-114 001) were compared concerning their capacity to induce inflammatory responses in terms of cytokine production by human and mouse primary immune cells. It was demonstrated that theB. brevestrain induced lower levels of the proinflammatory cytokine gamma interferon (IFN-γ) than the testedL. rhamnosusandL. caseistrains. BothB. breveand lactobacilli induced cytokines in a Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9)-dependent manner, while the lower inflammatory profile ofB. brevewas due to inhibitory effects of TLR2. No role for TLR4, NOD2, and C-type lectin receptors was apparent. In conclusion, TLR signaling is involved in the differentiation of inflammatory responses between probiotic strains used as food supplements.
Characterization of a Mutant Escherichia coli Heat-Labile Toxin, LT(R192G/L211A), as a Safe and Effective Oral Adjuvant
Authors: Norton Elizabeth B. , Lawson Louise B. , Freytag Lucy C. , Clements John D. 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTDespite the fact that the adjuvant properties of the heat-labile enterotoxins ofEscherichia coli(LT) andVibrio cholerae(CT) have been known for more than 20 years, there are no available oral vaccines containing these molecules as adjuvants, primarily because they are both very potent enterotoxins. A number of attempts with various degrees of success have been made to reduce or eliminate the enterotoxicity of LT and CT so they can safely be used as oral adjuvants or immunogens. In this report we characterize the structural, enzymatic, enterotoxic, and adjuvant properties of a novel mutant of LT, designated LT(R192G/L211A), or dmLT. dmLT was not sensitive to trypsin activation, had reduced enzymatic activity for induction of cyclic AMP in Caco-2 cells, and exhibited no enterotoxicity in the patent mouse assay. Importantly, dmLT retained the ability to function as an oral adjuvant for a coadministered antigen (tetanus toxoid) and to elicit anti-LT antibodies.In vitroandin vivodata suggest that the reduced enterotoxicity of this molecule compared to native LT or the single mutant, LT(R192G), is a consequence of increased sensitivity to proteolysis and rapid intracellular degradation in mammalian cells. In conclusion, dmLT is a safe and powerful detoxified enterotoxin with the potential to function as a mucosal adjuvant for coadministered antigens and to elicit anti-LT antibodies without undesirable side effects.
Detection of the
glmM
Gene in Helicobacter pylori Isolates with a Novel Primer by PCR
Authors: Córdova Espinoza Maria Guadalupe , González Vazquez Rosa , Morales Mendez Iyari , Ruelas Vargas Consuelo , Giono Cerezo Silvia 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACT

A novel reverse primer (GLM MR1) was designed for detection of the
glmM
gene in
Helicobacter pylori
by PCR. The percentage of amplification in clinical isolates using GLM MR1 was 100% for detection of the
glmM
gene and 86.36% for the
ureA
gene. The primer designed is useful for the identification of
H. pylori
.
First Report of Atopobium vaginae Bacteremia with Fetal Loss after Chorionic Villus Sampling
Authors: Knoester Marjolein , Lashley Lisa E. E. L. O. , Wessels Els , Oepkes Dick , Kuijper Ed J. 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACT

Infectious complications after chorionic villus sampling (CVS) are rare (<0.1%) but can lead to maternal sepsis and spontaneous abortion. We report the first bacteremia with
Atopobium vaginae
and suggest
A. vaginae
to be a pathogenic microorganism that can lead to intrauterine infection and fetal death following CVS.
Evaluation of Twelve Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase PCR Primer-Probe Sets for Detection of Pandemic Influenza A/H1N1 2009 Virus
Authors: Yang Yaowu , Huang Fang , Gonzalez Richard , Wang Wei , Lu Guilan , Li Yongjun , Vernet Guy , Jin Qi , Wang Jianwei 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACT

Real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (rRT-PCR) assays have greatly contributed to the detection, control, and prevention of the pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009 virus. To improve the rRT-PCR assays for detection of pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009 virus, we evaluated the sensitivity, specificity, and performance of 12 rRT-PCR primer-probe sets [SW (a) to SW (l)] using a panel of virus strains and clinical specimens. These primer-probe sets were derived from published work and designed for detecting the hemagglutinin (HA) or the neuraminidase (NA) gene of the pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009 virus. A primer-probe set, SW (CDC), developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S. CDC) to target the HA gene of pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009 virus, was used as a referee method. Our results demonstrated that although all primer-probe sets in this study had as high as 98.4 to 100%
in silico
coverage, some of the primer-probe sets had better specificity, sensitivity, and amplification efficiency than others. Two primer-probe sets, SW (h) and SW (l), which target the NA gene of pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009 virus, were highly sensitive (10
4
copies/reaction), had high detection rates (56/60,
P
= 0.134, and 59/60,
P
= 1.000), and showed ideal specificity compared with SW (CDC). In addition, a cocktail of primer-probe sets targeted to the HA and NA genes displayed higher detection sensitivity than primer-probe sets targeting HA or NA alone, indicating that for practical applications, a combination of primer-probes targeting HA and NA genes is the best option for the detection of pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009 virus.
Rapid Identification of Gram-Negative Bacteria with and without CTX-M Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase from Positive Blood Culture Bottles by PCR Followed by Microchip Gel Electrophoresis
Authors: Fujita Shin-ichi , Yosizaki Kentaro , Ogushi Thikako , Uechi Kouhei , Takemori Yukiko , Senda Yasuko 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACT

We evaluated the usefulness of PCR analysis of the 16S-23S rRNA gene internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the CTX-M extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) followed by microchip gel electrophoresis (MGE) for direct identification and CTX-M detection of Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) from positive blood culture bottles. Of 251 GNB isolated from blood cultures containing a single bacterium, 225 (90%) were correctly identified at the species level directly from positive blood culture bottles by comparing the ITS-PCR patterns of the sample strain with those of the control strains. There were no cases of incorrect identification. Limitations encountered included the inability to detect mixed cultures (four bottles) as well as some species (
Enterobacter
species and
Klebsiella oxytoca
) demonstrating identical ITS-PCR patterns. A total of 109 ESBL-producing isolates from various clinical materials obtained between January 2005 and December 2008 were examined for
bla
CTX-M
,
bla
SHV
, and
bla
TEM
genes by PCR and sequences of PCR products. CTX-M ESBL was detected in 105 isolates, and SHV ESBL was detected in two isolates. The remaining two isolates (
K. oxytoca
) were shown to harbor
bla
OXY.
Twenty (19%) of 104
Escherichia coli
isolates from blood cultures were suspected to produce ESBL by the combination disk method, and these isolates were shown to harbor CTX-M ESBL by PCR-MGE. The results were obtained within 1.5 h at a calculated cost of $6.50 per specimen. In conclusion, simultaneous detection of ITS length polymorphisms and
bla
CTX
-
M
by single PCR followed by MGE is useful for rapid, cost-effective, and reliable species-level identification of CTX-M ESBL-producing GNB responsible for bloodstream infections.
Evaluation of the Cepheid Xpert MTB/RIF Assay for Direct Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex in Respiratory Specimens
Authors: Marlowe Elizabeth M. , Novak-Weekley Susan M. , Cumpio Joven , Sharp Susan E. , Momeny Michelle A. , Babst Anna , Carlson Jonathan S. , Kawamura Masae , Pandori Mark 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACT

A total of 217 specimens submitted for routine smear and culture from three different sites within the western United States were used to evaluate the GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay (for research use only) (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA). Overall agreement compared to culture was 89% (98% for smear positives and 72% for smear negatives) for detection of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
.
Detection of Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria in Routine Cultures of Samples from Patients with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Esther Charles R. , Hoberman Steven , Fine Jason , Allen Sonia , Culbreath Karissa , Rodino Kyle , Kerr Alan , Gilligan Peter 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACT

Rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) are respiratory pathogens in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), but detection generally requires specialized cultures for acid-fast bacilli (AFB; AFB cultures). We determined that RGM could be recovered from routine cultures of samples from patients with CF by extending incubation of the
Burkholderia cepacia
selective agar (BCSA) from 5 to 14 days. To explore the impact of this modification, we compared results from routine and AFB cultures of samples from CF patients for 2 years before (4,212 samples by routine culture, 1,810 samples by AFB culture, 670 patients) and 2 years after (4,720 samples by routine culture, 2,179 samples by AFB culture, 695 patients) the change. Clinical relevance was assessed with samples from a subgroup of 340 patients followed regularly throughout both periods. Extending incubation of BCSA enhanced RGM recovery from routine cultures (0.7% before, 2.8% after;
P
< 0.001); recovery from AFB cultures was unchanged (5.5% before, 5.7% after). Estimates of RGM detection sensitivity by culture or patient-based methods ranged from ∼65 to 75% for routine cultures (nonsignificantly lower than the ∼80 to 85% for AFB cultures) and were adversely affected by coculture with mold or nonpseudomonal, nonfermenting Gram-negative rods. In the after period, 16 CF patients met the criteria for RGM infection by routine culture, including 4 who did not meet the criteria for RGM infection by AFB culture. We conclude that a simple methodological change enhanced recovery of RGM from routine cultures. The modified culture method could be utilized to improve screening for RGM in CF patients or as a simpler method to follow patients with known RGM infection. However, this method should be used cautiously in patients with certain coinfections.
Cultivable Anaerobic Microbiota of Severe Early Childhood Caries
Authors: Tanner A. C. R. , Mathney J. M. J. , Kent R. L. , Chalmers N. I. , Hughes C. V. , Loo C. Y. , Pradhan N. , Kanasi E. , Hwang J. , Dahlan M. A. , Papadopolou E. , Dewhirst F. E. 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACT

Severe early childhood caries (ECC), while strongly associated with
Streptococcus mutans
using selective detection (culture, PCR), has also been associated with a widely diverse microbiota using molecular cloning approaches. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbiota of severe ECC using anaerobic culture. The microbial composition of dental plaque from 42 severe ECC children was compared with that of 40 caries-free children. Bacterial samples were cultured anaerobically on blood and acid (pH 5) agars. Isolates were purified, and partial sequences for the 16S rRNA gene were obtained from 5,608 isolates. Sequence-based analysis of the 16S rRNA isolate libraries from blood and acid agars of severe ECC and caries-free children had >90% population coverage, with greater diversity occurring in the blood isolate library. Isolate sequences were compared with taxon sequences in the Human Oral Microbiome Database (HOMD), and 198 HOMD taxa were identified, including 45 previously uncultivated taxa, 29 extended HOMD taxa, and 45 potential novel groups. The major species associated with severe ECC included
Streptococcus mutans
,
Scardovia wiggsiae
,
Veillonella parvula
,
Streptococcus cristatus
, and
Actinomyces gerensceriae. S. wiggsiae
was significantly associated with severe ECC children in the presence and absence of
S. mutans
detection. We conclude that anaerobic culture detected as wide a diversity of species in ECC as that observed using cloning approaches. Culture coupled with 16S rRNA identification identified over 74 isolates for human oral taxa without previously cultivated representatives. The major caries-associated species were
S. mutans
and
S. wiggsiae
, the latter of which is a candidate as a newly recognized caries pathogen.