bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Atherosclerosis With Expression of the LILRB1 Receptor By Human NK and T-Cells Supports the Infectious Burden Hypothesis
Authors: Romo Neus , Fitó Montserrat , Gumá Mónica , Sala Joan , García Cosme , Ramos Rafel , Muntasell Aura , Masiá Rafel , Bruguera Jordi , Subirana Isaac , Vila Joan , de Groot Eric , Elosua Roberto , Marrugat Jaume , López-Botet Miguel 
Published: August 2011

Objective—
The contribution of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) to vascular disease may depend on features of the immune response not reflected by the detection of specific antibodies. Persistent HCMV infection in healthy blood donors has been associated with changes in the distribution of NK cell receptors (NKR). The putative relationship among HCMV infection, NKR distribution, subclinical atherosclerosis, and coronary heart disease was assessed.

Methods and Results—

NKR expression was compared in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients (
n
=70) and a population-based control sample (
n
=209). The relationship between NKR expression and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in controls (
n
=149) was also studied. HCMV infection was associated with higher proportions of NKG2C+ and LILRB1+ NK and T-cells. In contrast, only LILRB1+ NK and CD56+ T-cells were found to be increased in AMI patients, independent of age, sex, conventional vascular risk factors, and HCMV seropositivity. Remarkably, LILRB1 expression in NK and T-cells significantly correlated with CIMT in controls.

Conclusion—
The association of overt and subclinical atherosclerotic disease with LILRB1+ NK and T-cells likely reflects a relationship between the immune challenge by infections and cardiovascular disease risk, without attributing a dominant role for HCMV. Our findings may lead to the identification of novel biomarkers of vascular disease.
Loss of NB-3 Aggravates Cerebral Ischemia by Impairing Neuron Survival and Neurite Growth
Authors: Huang Xin , Sun Jia , Zhao Tong , Wu Kui-Wu , Watanabe Kazutada , Xiao Zhi-Cheng , Zhu Ling-Ling , Fan Ming 
Published: August 2011

Background and Purpose—
NB-3 is a member of the F3/contactin family of neural recognition molecules, which are crucial for cell morphogenesis and motility. NB-3 is expressed in neurons and plays an important role in axonal extension and neuronal survival. However, the role of NB-3 in cerebral ischemic injury remains unknown.

Methods—
Adult male wild-type and NB-3 knockout mice were subjected to ischemic injury by unilateral middle cerebral carotid artery occlusion for 3 hours, 6 hours, and 12 hours. Ischemic infarction volumes were then determined by 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Neurological dysfunction analysis was also performed. Primary culture of neuronal cells from wild-type and knockout animals was also used for analysis of neuronal survival and neurite outgrowth.

Results—
NB-3 expression in the ischemic hemisphere was decreased after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). NB-3-knockout mice developed a 2.6-fold larger infarct volume and exhibited increased neurological deficit scores after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion compared with control mice. Substrate with NB-3 promoted neuronal survival and neurite outgrowth in vitro, whereas neurite outgrowth and neuronal survival were significantly reduced in NB-3-deficient neurons. In addition, NB-3 deficiency renders neurons more susceptible to oxygen–glucose deprivation-induced damage and NB-3 as substrate could partially through homophilic mechanisms.

Conclusions—
These data demonstrate that NB-3 deficiency may aggravate brain damage after middle cerebral artery occlusion by impairing neuronal survival and neurite growth.
Ischemic Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack After Head and Neck Radiotherapy
Authors: Plummer Chris , Henderson Robert D. , O'Sullivan John D. , Read Stephen J. 
Published: August 2011

Background and Purpose—
Cerebrovascular disease can complicate head and neck radiotherapy and result in transient ischemic attack and ischemic stroke. Although the incidence of radiation vasculopathy is predicted to rise with improvements in median cancer survival, the pathogenesis, natural history, and management of the disease are ill defined.

Methods—
We examined studies on the epidemiology, imaging, pathogenesis, and management of medium- and large-artery intra- and extra-cranial disease after head and neck radiotherapy. Controlled prospective trials and larger retrospective trials from the last 30 years were prioritized.

Results—
The relative risk of transient ischemic attack or ischemic stroke is at least doubled by head and neck radiotherapy. Chronic radiation vasculopathy affecting medium and large intra- and extra-cranial arteries is characterized by increasing rates of hemodynamically significant stenosis with time from radiotherapy. Disease expression is the likely consequence of the combined radiation insult to the intima-media (accelerating atherosclerosis) and to the adventitia (injuring the vasa vasorum). Optimal medical treatment is not established. Carotid endarterectomy is confounded by the need to operate across scarred tissue planes, whereas carotid stenting procedures have resulted in high restenosis rates.

Conclusions—
Head and neck radiotherapy significantly increases the risk of transient ischemic attack and ischemic stroke. Evidence-based guidelines for the management of asymptomatic and symptomatic (medium- and large-artery) radiation vasculopathy are lacking. Long-term prospective studies remain a priority, as the incidence of the problem is anticipated to rise with improvements in postradiotherapy patient survival.
Mechanical Thrombectomy in Acute Embolic Stroke
Authors: Rohde Stefan , Haehnel Stefan , Herweh Christian , Pham Mirko , Stampfl Sibylle , Ringleb Peter A. , Bendszus Martin 
Published: August 2011

Background and Purpose—
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and technical feasibility of a new thrombectomy device (Revive; Micrus Endovascular) in the endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke.

Methods—
Ten patients with acute large vessel occlusions were treated with the Revive device between October 2010 and December 2010. Mean National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale on admission was 19.0; mean duration of symptoms was 172 minutes. Recanalization was assessed using the Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction score. Clinical outcome (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale) after thrombectomy was determined on Day 1, at discharge, and at Day 30.

Results—
Vessel recanalization (Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction 2b or 3) was successful in all patients without device-related complications. Mean National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale 24 hours after the intervention, at discharge, and at Day 30 was 14.0, 11.5, and 5.1, respectively. At Day 30, 6 patients had a clinical improvement of >8 points or an National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale of 0 to 1, 1 patient showed minor improvement, and 3 patients had died. Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage occurred in 2 patients, of which 1 was fatal.

Conclusions—
Thrombectomy with the Revive device in patients with stroke with acute large vessel occlusions demonstrated to be technically safe and highly effective. Clinical safety and efficacy have to be established in larger clinical trials.
Prestroke Glycemic Control Is Associated With the Functional Outcome in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Kamouchi Masahiro , Matsuki Takayuki , Hata Jun , Kuwashiro Takahiro , Ago Tetsuro , Sambongi Yoshiki , Fukushima Yoshihisa , Sugimori Hiroshi , Kitazono Takanari ,   for the FSR Investigators
Published: August 2011

Background and Purpose—
Diabetes mellitus is an established risk factor for stroke. However, it is uncertain whether prestroke glycemic control (PSGC) status affects clinical outcomes of acute ischemic stroke. The aim of this study was to elucidate the association between PSGC status and neurological or functional outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Methods—
From the Fukuoka Stroke Registry (FSR), a multicenter stroke registry in Japan, 3627 patients with first-ever ischemic stroke within 24 hours after onset were included in the present analysis. The patients were categorized into 4 groups based on their PSGC status: excellent (hemoglobin [Hb] A1c on admission <6.2%), good (6.2–6.8%), fair (6.9–8.3%) and poor (≥8.4%). Study outcomes were neurological improvement (≥4 points decrease in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] score during hospitalization or 0 points on NIHSS score at discharge), neurological deterioration (≥1 point increase in NIHSS score) and poor functional outcome (death or dependency at discharge, modified Rankin Scale 2–6).

Results—
The age- and sex-adjusted ORs for neurological improvement were lower, and those for neurological deterioration and a poor functional outcome were higher in patients with poorer PSGC status. After adjusting for multiple confounding factors, these trends were unchanged (all probability values for trends were <0.002). These findings were comparable in patients with noncardioembolic and cardioembolic infarctions.

Conclusions—
In ischemic stroke patients, HbA1c on admission was an independent significant predictor for neurological and functional outcomes.
Patients With Severe Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis Do Not Have a Higher Risk of Stroke and Mortality After Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Authors: Mahmoudi Michael , Hill Peter C. , Xue Zhenyi , Torguson Rebecca , Ali Gholam , Boyce Steven W. , Bafi Ammar S. , Corso Paul J. , Waksman Ron 
Published: August 2011

Background and Purpose—
Stroke development is a major concern in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Whether asymptomatic severe carotid artery stenosis (CAS) contributes to the development of stroke and mortality in such patients remains uncertain.

Methods—
A retrospective analysis of 878 consecutive patients with documented carotid duplex ultrasound who underwent isolated CABG in our institution from January 2003 to December 2009 was performed. Patients with severe CAS (n=117) were compared with those without severe CAS (n=761) to assess the rates of stroke and mortality during hospitalization for CABG. The 30-day mortality rate was also assessed.

Results—

Patients with severe CAS were older and had a higher prevalence of peripheral arterial disease and heart failure. Patients with severe CAS had similar rates of in-hospital stroke (3.4% versus 3.6%;
P
=1.0) and mortality (3.4% versus 4.2%;
P
=1.0) compared with patients without severe CAS. The 30-day rate of mortality was also similar between the 2 cohorts (3.4% versus 2.9%;
P
=0.51).

Conclusions—
Severe CAS alone is not a risk factor for stroke or mortality in patients undergoing CABG. The decision to perform carotid imaging and subsequent revascularization in association with CABG must be individualized and based on clinical judgment.
Graduating US Neurology Residents' Experience With Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator for Acute Stroke
Authors: Fridman Vera , Raser Jonathan , Brizzi Kate , Cucchiara Brett 
Published: August 2011

Background and Purpose—
A survey of graduating neurology residents conducted in 2000 showed that many residents had limited experience and comfort treating with tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA). We examined changes in residents' experience during the past decade.

Methods—
A 12-item survey was sent to US neurology residents in their final year of training. Items examined residents' experience and confidence with assessment of the acute stroke patient and use of tPA for treatment. Questions were worded identically in the 2000 and 2010 surveys, and responses were compared between the two.

Results—

Of 491 residents, 286 (58%) responded. There was a significant increase from 2000 to 2010 in the percentage of residents who felt comfortable independently treating with tPA (73% versus 94%,
P
<0.001), who had observed administration of tPA (88% versus 99%,
P
<0.001), who had personally treated with tPA (80% versus 95%,
P
<0.001), and who had been involved in post-tPA care (89% versus 98%,
P
<0.001). There was a substantial increase in residents with formal training in using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (65% versus 92%,
P
<0.001) and who had dedicated stroke teams at their institution (84% versus 93%,
P
=0.001).

Conclusions—
Neurology residents' experience and comfort treating acute ischemic stroke with tPA increased significantly between 2000 and 2010, as did resident exposure to stroke teams and formal training in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale.
The Ties that Bound: The Conception of Anglo-America, 1617-67
Authors:   Roper
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis article sketches the development of the Anglo-American world in both colonial and imperial fashions between the establishment of tobacco cultivation in Virginia and the end of the Second Anglo-Dutch War. It argues that an imperial consciousness developed in the English-speaking world during the seventeenth century, especially in the American colonies, while, at the same time, enterprising colonists set up societies modeled closely on the metropolitan standard.
The Link between Rossby Wave Breakings and Weather Regime Transitions
Authors: Michel Clio , Rivière Gwendal 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
The link between Rossby wave breaking (RWB) and the four wintertime weather regimes over the North Atlantic domain is studied in this paper. Using the 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40) data, frequencies of occurrence of anticyclonic and cyclonic wave-breaking (AWB and CWB, respectively) events are computed. Each weather regime has its own characteristic pattern of RWB frequencies. CWB events are found to be most frequent for the Greenland anticyclone weather regime whereas AWB events occur more for the Atlantic ridge and the zonal regimes. Time-lagged composites show that the RWB events characterizing each weather regime occur more often during the formation of the regime rather than during its decay. This suggests a reinforcement of the weather regime by RWB. An exception is the blocking weather regime, which is destroyed by an increase of CWB events south of Greenland.
Weather regime transitions are then studied using the low-frequency streamfunction tendency budget. Two types of precursors for the transitions have been identified. One is related to linear propagation of low-frequency transient eddies and the other to nonlinear interactions among the low- and high-frequency transient eddies. The latter has been related to the anomalous frequencies of occurrence of RWB. Two transitions are more precisely analyzed. The transition from blocking to Greenland anticyclone is triggered by a decrease of AWB events over Europe as well as a strong CWB event south of Greenland. The zonal to blocking transition presents evidence of two distinct precursors: one is a low-frequency wave train coming from the subtropical western Atlantic and the other, which occurs later, is characterized by a decrease of AWB and CWB events over western Europe that cannot continue to maintain the westerlies in that region.
A Comparison of Methods for Estimating Reynolds Stress from ADCP Measurements in Wavy Environments
Authors: Kirincich Anthony R. , Rosman Johanna H. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Turbulent Reynolds stresses are now routinely estimated from acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) measurements in estuaries and tidal channels using the variance method, yet biases due to surface gravity waves limit its use in the coastal ocean. Recent modifications to this method, including spatially filtering velocities to isolate the turbulence from wave velocities and fitting a cospectral model to the below-wave band cospectra, have been used to remove this bias. Individually, each modification performed well for the published test datasets, but a comparative analysis over the range of conditions in the coastal ocean has not yet been performed. This work uses ADCP velocity measurements from five previously published coastal ocean and estuarine datasets, which span a range of wave and current conditions as well as instrument configurations, to directly compare methods for estimating stresses in the presence of waves. The computed stresses from each were compared to bottom stress estimates from a quadratic drag law and, where available, estimates of wind stress. These comparisons, along with an analysis of the cospectra, indicated that spectral fitting performs well when the wave climate is wide-banded and/or multidirectional as well as when instrument noise is high. In contrast, spatial filtering performs better when waves are narrow-banded, low frequency, and when wave orbital velocities are strong relative to currents. However, as spatial filtering uses vertically separated velocity bins to remove the wave bias, spectral fitting is able to resolve stresses over a larger fraction of the water column.
U.S. Landfalling and North Atlantic Hurricanes: Statistical Modeling of Their Frequencies and Ratios
Authors: Villarini Gabriele , Vecchi Gabriel A. , Smith James A. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Time series of U.S. landfalling and North Atlantic hurricane counts and their ratios over the period 1878–2008 are modeled using tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST), tropical mean SST, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and the Southern Oscillation index (SOI). Two SST input datasets are employed to examine the uncertainties in the reconstructed SST data on the modeling results. Because of the likely undercount of recorded hurricanes in the earliest part of the record, both the uncorrected hurricane dataset (HURDAT) and a time series with a recently proposed undercount correction are considered.
Modeling of the count data is performed using a conditional Poisson regression model, in which the rate of occurrence can depend linearly or nonlinearly on the climate indexes. Model selection is performed following a stepwise approach and using two penalty criteria. These results do not allow one to identify a single “best” model because of the different model configurations (different SST data, corrected versus uncorrected datasets, and penalty criteria). Despite the lack of an objectively identified unique final model, the authors recommend a set of models in which the parameter of the Poisson distribution depends linearly on tropical Atlantic and tropical mean SSTs.
Modeling of the fractions of North Atlantic hurricanes making U.S. landfall is performed using a binomial regression model. Similar to the count data, it is not possible to identify a single best model, but different model configurations are obtained depending on the SST data, undercount correction, and penalty criteria These results suggest that these fractions are controlled by local (related to the NAO) and remote (SOI and tropical mean SST) effects.
The impact of a migraine attack and its after-effects on perceptual organization, attention, and working memory
Authors: Koppen Hille , Palm-Meinders Inge , Kruit Mark , Lim Vera , Nugroho Aryo , Westhof Iris , Terwindt Gisela , van Buchem Mark , Ferrari Michel , Hommel Bernhard 
Published: August 2011

Introduction: Many migraine patients report cognitive complaints during the first hours or days following a migraine attack. The aim of this study was to assess whether and which cognitive (perceptual, attentional, or memory) processes are impaired during the first 48 hours after a migraine attack. Methods: Three different cognitive tasks (global-local task, the attentional network task, and N-back task) were administered to 16 migraine patients (13 migraine without aura; mean age 58 years, 15 female) and 18 controls (59 years, 15 female), matched on age, gender, and educational level. Tasks were administered at three time points; during the first headache free day following a migraine attack (first session), 24 hours later (second session), and 12 days after the attack (third session). Results: The attentional network and N-back tasks showed no significant differences between migraineurs and controls. In the global-local task, controls showed faster reaction times to global than to local stimuli, which is the standard global-precedence effect. This effect was absent in the migraineurs in all three sessions, especially if they used prophylaxis. Conclusion: Migraineurs had no impaired attentional or working-memory functioning in the 2 days after an attack. They did show impairments in the processing of global visual features compared with controls, both between and immediately after an attack.
A Prospective, Comparative, Radiological, and Clinical Study of the Influence of the “Remplissage” Procedure on Shoulder Range of Motion After Stabilization by Arthroscopic Bankart Repair
Authors: Nourissat Geoffroy , Kilinc Alexandre Sahin , Werther Jean Roger , Doursounian Levon 
Published: August 2011

Background: Certain failures of arthroscopic Bankart repairs seem to be related to the presence of a Hill-Sachs defect. It has been suggested that Hill-Sachs lesions can be treated by “remplissage” (filling in) of the defect. The effect of this procedure on the mobility of the shoulder is not known. Purpose: To determine if filling in the Hill-Sachs defect with rotator cuff tendon would modify the range of motion of the operated shoulder. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: A prospective study of 2 patient populations (arthroscopic Bankart repair alone vs Bankart and remplissage) was undertaken after selecting patients using the Instability Severity Index Score (ISIS). Patients with a Hill-Sachs lesion seen on anteroposterior radiographs had a remplissage procedure if this procedure allowed them to obtain an ISIS lower than 4. The main clinical outcome was the range of motion (external rotation at the side [ER1], external rotation in abduction [ER2], internal rotation [IR], and forward elevation), assessed by the difference between each shoulder at 1 and 2 years’ follow-up. Complications, recurrence, and the Walch-Duplay scores were noted at the same time. Minimum follow-up was 2 years. Results: No significant statistical difference was noted in the range of motion between each group: ER1, difference of 4° ( P = .22); ER2, difference of 3° ( P = .49); anterior elevation, difference of 5° ( P = .35); and internal rotation, 2 vertebrae ( P = .22). The rate of recurrence was identical in both groups (6.25%). For patients without redislocation, the Walch-Duplay score was excellent (14/17) or good (3/17) in the first group and excellent (12/15) or good (3/15) in the second group. Posterosuperior pain during forceful movements or when tired was noted in one third of patients having undergone remplissage. Conclusion: The remplissage technique did not alter the range of motion of the shoulder compared with Bankart procedure alone; however, one third of patients did experience posterosuperior pain.