bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ICAM-1–activated Src and eNOS signaling increase endothelial cell surface PECAM-1 adhesivity and neutrophil transmigration
Authors: Liu Guoquan , Place Aaron T. , Chen Zhenlong , Brovkovych Viktor M. , Vogel Stephen M. , Muller William A. , Skidgel Randal A. , Malik Asrar B. , Minshall Richard D. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPolymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) extravasation requires selectin-mediated tethering, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)–dependent firm adhesion, and platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM-1)–mediated transendothelial migration. An important unanswered question is whether ICAM-1–activated signaling contributes to PMN transmigration mediated by PECAM-1. We tested this concept and the roles of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and Src activated by PMN ligation of ICAM-1 in mediating PECAM-1–dependent PMN transmigration. We observed that lung PMN infiltration in vivo induced in carrageenan-injected WT mice was significantly reduced in ICAM-1−/− and eNOS−/− mice. Crosslinking WT mouse ICAM-1 expressed in human endothelial cells (ECs), but not the phospho-defective Tyr518Phe ICAM-1 mutant, induced SHP-2–dependent Src Tyr530 dephosphorylation that resulted in Src activation. ICAM-1 activation also stimulated phosphorylation of Akt (p-Ser473) and eNOS (p-Ser1177), thereby increasing NO production. PMN migration across EC monolayers was abolished in cells expressing the Tyr518Phe ICAM-1 mutant or by pretreatment with either the Src inhibitor PP2 or eNOS inhibitor L-NAME. Importantly, phospho–ICAM-1 induction of Src signaling induced PECAM-1 Tyr686 phosphorylation and increased EC surface anti–PECAM-1 mAb-binding activity. These results collectively show that ICAM-1–activated Src and eNOS signaling sequentially induce PECAM-1–mediated PMN transendothelial migration. Both Src and eNOS inhibition may be important therapeutic targets to prevent or limit vascular inflammation.
Syncytial giant cell hepatitis associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a case report
Authors: Gupta Eva , Yacoub Michael , Higgins Martha , Al-Katib Ayad M 
Published: July 2012

Abstract

Background
Syncytial giant cell hepatitis (GCH) is an uncommon and an underreported disease entity. In two previously reported cases of GCH in patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) liver failure ensued. Autoimmune and infective causes have been implicated but its etiology remains unclear.

Case Presentation
A 60-year-old female with CLL presented with acute hepatitis with negative viral and auto-immune serologies and without any prior toxic exposure. Liver biopsy showed typical histological features of GCH. The patient was successfully treated with corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). Her liver enzymes returned to baseline and have remained normal as of the last follow up almost 4 years later.

Conclusions
Association of GCH with CLL may be under recognized. Clinical suspicion of GCH in CLL patients with serology-negative hepatitis, early liver biopsy and therapeutic intervention may influence outcome. This is the first case report of successful treatment of GCH in CLL patients. Moreover, our case also demonstrates the ability to resume effective CLL therapy post-GCH diagnosis without detriment to the liver.
Triangle pore arrays fabricated on Si (111) substrate by sphere lithography combined with metal-assisted chemical etching and anisotropic chemical etching
Authors: Asoh Hidetaka , Fujihara Kosuke , Ono Sachiko 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
The morphological change of silicon macropore arrays formed by metal-assisted chemical etching using shape-controlled Au thin film arrays was investigated during anisotropic chemical etching in tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) aqueous solution. After the deposition of Au as the etching catalyst on (111) silicon through a honeycomb mask prepared by sphere lithography, the specimens were etched in a mixed solution of HF and H2O2 at room temperature, resulting in the formation of ordered macropores in silicon along the [111] direction, which is not achievable by conventional chemical etching without a catalyst. In the anisotropic etching in TMAH, the macropores changed from being circular to being hexagonal and finally to being triangular, owing to the difference in etching rate between the crystal planes.
A systematic review on status of lead pollution and toxicity in Iran; Guidance for preventive measures
Authors: Karrari Parissa , Mehrpour Omid , Abdollahi Mohammad 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Lead is an old environmental metal which is presented everywhere and lead poisoning is an important health issue in many countries in the world including Iran. It is known as a silent environmental disease which can have life-long adverse health effects. In children, the most vulnerable population, mental development of children health effects is of the greatest influence. Low level lead exposure can significantly induce motor dysfunctions and cognitive impairment in children. The sources of lead exposure vary among countries. Occupational lead exposure is an important health issue in Iran and mine workers, employees of paint factories, workers of copying centers, drivers, and tile making factories are in higher risk of lead toxicity. Moreover lead processing industry has always been a major of concern which affects surface water, drinking waters, and ground waters, even water of Caspian Sea, Persian Gulf and rivers due to increasing the number of industries in vicinity of rivers that release their waste discharges into river or sea. In addition, lead contamination of soil and air especially in vicinity of polluted and industrialized cities is another health problem in Iran. Even foods such as rice and fishes, raw milk, and vegetables which are the most common food of Iranian population are polluted to lead in some area of Iran. Adding lead to the opium is a recently health hazard in Iran that has been observed among opium addicts. There are few studies evaluated current status of lead exposure and toxicity in the Iranian children and pregnant women which should be taken into account of authorities. We recommend to identify sources, eliminate or control sources, and monitor environmental exposures and hazards to prevent lead poisoning.
The effectiveness of neuromuscular warm-up strategies, that require no additional equipment, for preventing lower limb injuries during sports participation: a systematic review
Authors: Herman Katherine , Barton Christian , Malliaras Peter , Morrissey Dylan 
Published: July 2012

Abstract

Background
Lower limb injuries in sport are increasingly prevalent and responsible for large economic as well as personal burdens. In this review we seek to determine which easily implemented functional neuromuscular warm-up strategies are effective in preventing lower limb injuries during sports participation and in which sporting groups they are effective.

Methods
Seven electronic databases were searched from inception to January 2012 for studies investigating neuromuscular warm-up strategies and injury prevention. The quality of each included study was evaluated using a modified version of the van Tulder scale. Data were extracted from each study and used to calculate the risk of injury following application of each evaluated strategy.

Results
Nine studies were identified including six randomized controlled trials (RCT) and three controlled clinical trials (CCT). Heterogeneity in study design and warm-up strategies prevented pooling of results. Two studies investigated male and female participants, while the remaining seven investigated women only. Risk Ratio (RR) statistics indicated 'The 11+' prevention strategy significantly reduces overall (RR 0.67, confidence interval (CI) 0.54 to 0.84) and overuse (RR 0.45, CI 0.28 to 0.71) lower limb injuries as well as knee (RR 0.48, CI 0.32 to 0.72) injuries among young amateur female footballers. The 'Knee Injury Prevention Program' (KIPP) significantly reduced the risk of noncontact lower limb (RR 0.5, CI 0.33 to 0.76) and overuse (RR 0.44, CI 0.22 to 0.86) injuries in young amateur female football and basketball players. The 'Prevent Injury and Enhance Performance' (PEP) strategy reduces the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries (RR 0.18, CI 0.08 to 0.42). The 'HarmoKnee' programme reduces the risk of knee injuries (RR 0.22, CI 0.06 to 0.76) in teenage female footballers. The 'Anterior Knee Pain Prevention Training Programme' (AKP PTP) significantly reduces the incidence of anterior knee pain (RR 0.27, CI 0.14 to 0.54) in military recruits.

Conclusions
Effective implementation of practical neuromuscular warm-up strategies can reduce lower extremity injury incidence in young, amateur, female athletes and male and female military recruits. This is typically a warm-up strategy that includes stretching, strengthening, balance exercises, sports-specific agility drills and landing techniques applied consistently for longer than three consecutive months. In order to optimize these strategies, the mechanisms for their effectiveness require further evaluation.
Unwitnessed magnet ingestion in a 5 year-old boy leading to bowel perforation after magnetic resonance imaging: case report of a rare but potentially detrimental complication
Authors: Bailey James R , Eisner Eric A , Edmonds Eric W 
Published: July 2012

Abstract

Background
The ingestion of non-food items in children is a relatively common event, often unwitnessed, unknown, and unreported. For those children brought in for medical evaluation, less than 10% require intervention, and only 1% require surgery. This, however, is not the case for magnet ingestion. Magnets, in plurality, can become attracted to one another through intestinal walls, causing a variety of surgical emergencies.

Case presentation
We present a case of unwitnessed multiple magnet ingestion in a 5 year-old boy who presented to the emergency department with the atypical chief complaint of neck pain. The diagnostic work-up including a neck magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) potentially led to bowel perforations managed definitely by a subsequent exploratory laparotomy. The child had an uneventful postoperative recovery and was discharged to home upon surgical recovery.

Conclusions
Institutions should make all possible efforts to attempt to prevent such potential life-threatening circumstances. We propose a screening tool that can further enhance the care of children who cannot or do not report unwitnessed magnetic ingestion prior to MRI evaluation.
Monitoring diabetes in patients with and without rheumatoid arthritis: a Medicare study
Authors: Bartels Christie M , Saucier Jessica M , Thorpe Carolyn T , Kind Amy JH , Pandhi Nancy , Hansen Karen E , Smith Maureen A 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Introduction
Diabetes mellitus is a key predictor of mortality in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Both RA and diabetes increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), yet understanding of how comorbid RA impacts the receipt of guideline-based diabetes care is limited. The purpose of this study was to examine how the presence of RA affected hemoglobin A1C (A1c) and lipid measurement in older adults with diabetes.

Methods
Using a retrospective cohort approach, we identified beneficiaries ≥65 years old with diabetes from a 5% random national sample of 2004 to 2005 Medicare patients (N = 256,331), then examined whether these patients had comorbid RA and whether they received guideline recommended A1c and lipid testing in 2006. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the effect of RA on receiving guideline recommended testing, adjusting for baseline sociodemographics, comorbidities and health care utilization.

Results
Two percent of diabetes patients had comorbid RA (N = 5,572). Diabetes patients with comorbid RA were more likely than those without RA to have baseline cardiovascular disease (such as 17% more congestive heart failure), diabetes-related complications including kidney disease (19% higher), lower extremity ulcers (77% higher) and peripheral vascular disease (32% higher). In adjusted models, diabetes patients with RA were less likely to receive recommended A1c testing (odds ratio (OR) 0.84, CI 0.80 to 0.89) than those without RA, but were slightly more likely to receive lipid testing (OR 1.08, CI 1.01 to 1.16).

Conclusions
In older adults with diabetes, the presence of comorbid RA predicted lower rates of A1c testing but slightly improved lipid testing. Future research should examine strategies to improve A1c testing in patients with diabetes and RA, in light of increased CVD and microvascular risks in patients with both conditions.
Inorganic nutrient availability affects organic matter fluxes and metabolic activity in the soft coral genus Xenia
Authors: Bednarz Vanessa N. , Naumann Malik S. , Niggl Wolfgang , Wild Christian 
Published: July 2012

Summary
The release of organic matter (OM) by scleractinian corals represents a key physiological process that importantly contributes to coral reef ecosystem functioning, and that is affected by inorganic nutrient availability. While OM fluxes have been studied for several dominant reef taxa, no information is available for soft corals, one of the major benthic groups in tropical reef environments. Thus, this study investigates OM fluxes along with other key physiological parameters (i.e. photosynthesis, respiration and chlorophyll a tissue content) in the common soft coral genus Xenia after a 4-week exposure period to elevated ammonium (N, 20.0 µM), phosphate (P, 2.0 µM) and combined inorganic nutrient enrichment treatment (NP). Corals maintained without nutrient enrichment served as non-treated controls and revealed constant uptake rates for particulate organic carbon (POC) (-0.32 ± 0.16 mg POC m-2 coral surface area h-1), particulate nitrogen (PN) (-0.05 ± 0.02 mg PN m-2 h-1) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) (-4.8 ± 2.1 mg DOC m-2 h-1). While DOC uptake significantly increased in the N treatment, POC flux was not affected. The P treatment significantly enhanced PN release as well as photosynthesis and respiration rates suggesting an influence by autotrophic carbon acquisition of zooxanthellae endosymbionts on OM fluxes by the coral host. Our physiological findings confirm the significant effect of inorganic nutrient availability on OM fluxes and key metabolic processes for the soft coral Xenia, and provide first clues on OM cycles initiated by soft corals in reef environments exposed to ambient and elevated inorganic nutrient concentrations.
Solubility of nitrogen in marine mammal blubber depends on its lipid composition
Authors: Koopman Heather N. , Westgate Andrew J. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryUnderstanding the solubility of nitrogen gas in tissues is a critical aspect of diving physiology, especially for air-breathing tetrapods. Adipose tissue is of particular interest due to the high solubility of nitrogen in lipids. Surprisingly, nothing is known about nitrogen solubility in the blubber of any marine mammal. We tested the hypothesis that N2 solubility is dependent on blubber's lipid composition; most blubber is composed of triacylglycerols, but some toothed whales deposit large amounts of waxes in blubber instead. The solubility of N2 in the blubber of 13 toothed whale species ranged from 0.062-0.107 mL N2/mL oil. Blubber with high wax ester content had higher N2 solubility, observed in the beaked (Ziphiidae) and small sperm (Kogiidae) whales, animals that routinely make long, deep dives. We also measured nitrogen solubility in the specialized cranial acoustic fat bodies associated with echolocation in a Risso's dolphin; values (0.087) were 16% higher than its blubber (0.074). As the acoustic fats of all Odontocetes contain waxes, even if the blubber does not, these tissues may experience greater interaction with N2. These data have implications for our understanding and future modeling of, diving physiology in Odontocetes, as our empirically derived values for nitrogen solubility in toothed whale adipose were up to 40% higher than the numbers traditionally assumed in marine mammal diving models.
Acropolis of Athens: Recording, Modeling and Visualising a Major Archaeological Site
Authors: Tsingas V. 
Published: July 2012

This paper presents the project “Development of Geographic Information Systems at the Acropolis of Athens”, financed by the European Union and the Government of Greece. The Acropolis of Athens is one of the major archaeological sites world-wide included in the UNESCO World Heritage list. The project started in June 2007 and finished in May 2009. The paper presents the project's aims and gives a description of the deliverables and the specifications, as well as the project difficulties. It was a complex project including a wide range of works, from classical geodetic and photogrammetric works to 3D modeling and GIS development. The main tasks of the project were the establishment of a polygonometric network, the production of DSM and orthophotomosaics of the top view of the hill and of the walls' facades, the terrestrial laser scanning and 3D modeling of the Acropolis rock, the walls and the Erehtheion, the development of a geospatial database and finally the development of GIS applications to access and manage the data.
Antikommunismus als politischer Leitfaden des Vatikans?
Authors: Schulze Thies 
Published: July 2012

Vorspann
Im Frühjahr 1933 überraschte Papst Pius XI. die Welt. Er lobte Hitler als den einzigen Staatsmann, der etwas gegen den Kommunismus unternehme, und gab damit der Hoffnung Ausdruck, in der neuen deutschen Regierung einen Bündnispartner gegen die „rote Gefahr“ finden zu können. Thies Schulze, Historiker an der Universität Münster, analysiert die Ursachen dieser überraschenden Wende und untersucht die Folgen der merklichen Annäherung, zu denen nicht zuletzt die Aufnahme der Verhandlungen für das Reichskonkordat zählte. Sein Beitrag wirft somit auch ein neues Licht auf die Scholder/Repgen-Debatte, die in der letzten Ausgabe der VfZ historisiert wurde.
A note on the difficulties of measuring the thermal conductivity of concrete
Authors: Thompson N. E. 
Published: July 2012

Summary It has been observed that partially saturated concrete takes several hours to reach a steady state when the hot-plate method is used to measure thermal conductivity; theoretically, the time should be far less than one hour. This indicates that moisture movement always takes place. Consideration of the thermal gradients and the measurement times for the hot-wire transient method indicates that moisture movement should affect the measurements. This has been observed experimentally. Other methods are considered, and it is shown that little improvement can be expected from increasing the size of conductivity probes. The intrinsic difficulties of all methods are discussed.
The development and use of a force-moment transducer
Authors: Gupta B. K. , Edwards A. D. , Loveday R. W. 
Published: July 2012

Summary A force-moment transducer which can measure all six components of the reaction at a support of a general skeletal structure subject to general loading has been developed in the Concrete Structures and Technology Section of the Civil Engineering Department of Imperial College. The details of the transducer and some of the difficulties encountered in its production are described.
Anchorage zone stresses in axially post-tensioned members of uniform rectangular section
Authors: Yettram A. L. , Robbins K. 
Published: July 2012

Synopsis Anchorage zone stresses in axially loaded post-tensioned members of uniform rectangular cross-section are determined by using a finite element procedure for the elastic analysis of three-dimensional solids. Particular attention is paid to the distributions of bursting stresses for a wide range of concentration ratios between the dimensions of the anchor plate and the cross-section of the member. The results are compared with those predicted by conventional methods.
Factors influencing the strength of reinforced concrete beams under combined bending and torsion
Authors: Sundara Raja Iyengar K. T. , Vijaya Rangan B. 
Published: July 2012

Synopsis Observations obtained from tests on seventy-five reinforced concrete beams under combined bending and torsion are discussed in detail. The test results are studied in the light of a theory developed by the authors and good agreement is observed between theoretical and test results. The test results are useful for an understanding of the exact interaction between moments, and they bring out the influence of various factors upon the capacity of beams. Further, both tesl and theoretical results suggest that the interaction diagram varies with all the properties of beams.
The mechanism of stabilization of highmagnesia Portland cements by reactive silica under autoclave conditions
Authors: Majumdar A. J. , Rehsi S. S. 
Published: July 2012

Synopsis Factors which play important roles in the mechanism of stabilization of high-magnesia Portland cements by active silicate materials under autoclave conditions have been considered. Among these, reduction in the rate of hydration of uncombined MgO, formation of a magnesium silicate hydrate similar to the natural mineral deweylite and development of substantial strength in autoclaved products are thought to be the principal factors which control the volume expansion of these cements. It is proposed that strength development in these materials is consequent upon the formation of large amounts of the well crystallized 11 Å tobermorite phase. The extra strength generated in autoclaved mixtures of cement when they incorporate active silica may be sufficient to contain the expansive forces generated by the hydration of perielase into brucite. Much Mg(OH)2, very little Ca(OH)2 and some unhydrated MgO are present in the final products in addition to tobermorite. Some information on the microstructure of the stabilized cement as seen with a scanning electron microscope is given.
The significance of concrete cube tests
Authors: Halstead P. E. 
Published: July 2012

Synopsis An analysis of routine concrete cube tests performed under research laboratory conditions has indicated that the over-all coefficient of variation of the processes of cube making and testing is about 3 % and that the coefficient of variation of concrete cube results in repeated tests of a single cement, performed in accordance with the requirements of Appendix D of British Standard 12:1928, is about 6·5,6,4·5 and 4 % at 3, 7,28 and 56 days respectively, in this particular laboratory. The implications of these levels of variability of test results for tests on cement conducted in accordance with BS 12, and for the design of experiments in which concrete strength is one of the parameters to be measured, are discussed.