bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender differences in youths’ political engagement and participation. The role of parents and of adolescents’ social and civic participation
Authors: Cicognani Elvira , Zani Bruna , Fournier Bernard , Gavray Claire , Born Michel 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTResearch examining youths’ political development mostly focused on young people as a general group; comparatively less attention has been devoted to the examination of gender pathways toward citizenship. Two studies were conducted addressing (a) the role of parents’ participation and the moderating role of adolescent gender and age group (n = 1419) and (b) the role of adolescent social and civic participation and the moderating role of adolescent gender and type of school (n = 1871). Results confirmed the gender gap in political interest and in the use of the Internet for political participation, while no differences emerged for political activity and voting intentions. Adolescents’ political engagement and participation are influenced by parents’ participation (especially among girls) and by adolescents’ social and civic participation (especially among boys). The impact of adolescents’ social and civic participation on conventional participation (voting intentions) is partially mediated by sense of community and institutional trust.
Health Care Worker Safety in Surgery
Authors: King Cecil A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractNursing is ranked as one of the occupations with the most incidences of workplace‐related injury and illness. The six types of injury risk specific to the perioperative environment are biological, ergonomic, chemical, physical, psychosocial, and cultural in nature. Strategies to improve safety include the use of engineering controls to change the work environment, the equipment used, and how the work is done; administrative controls, such as implementing policies and procedures to develop a culture of safety; and behavioral controls that individuals can exercise to reduce the risk of injury. In addition, every perioperative RN is responsible for following safety policies and has the responsibility to identify safety hazards, take appropriate actions, and report the hazards through appropriate channels.
Developmental changes in the mammalian gonadotropin‐inhibitory hormone (GnIH) ortholog RFamide‐related peptide (RFRP) and its cognate receptor GPR147 in the rat hypothalamus
Authors: Iwasa Takeshi , Matsuzaki Toshiya , Murakami Masahiro , Kinouchi Riyo , Osugi Tomohiro , Gereltsetseg Ganbat , Yoshida Shinobu , Irahara Minoru , Tsutsui Kazuyoshi 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe mammalian gonadotropin‐inhibitory hormone (GnIH) ortholog RFamide‐related peptide (RFRP) is considered to act on gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons and on the pituitary to inhibit gonadotropin release and synthesis. To understand the functional significance of this neuropeptide, we investigated the physiological changes in RFRP at mRNA and peptide levels, as well as at the mRNA level of its cognate receptor, G protein‐coupled receptor 147 (GPR147), in the rat hypothalamus during development. We also investigated the effects of gonadal steroids on mRNA expression levels of these molecules. In male rats, mRNA expressions of both RFRP and GPR147 increased from postnatal days 12 and 16, peaking at postnatal days 35 and 42, respectively. However, their expressions fell at postnatal day 49. In female rats, mRNA expression of RFRP continued to increase throughout development; mRNA expression of GPR147 in female rats increased from postnatal day 16, peaking at postnatal day 28, but decreased from postnatal day 35. The hypothalamic contents of RFRP on postnatal days 28 and 42 were significantly higher than on postnatal day 4 in male rats, and those on postnatal day 42 were significantly higher than those on postnatal days 4 and 28 in females. Neither orchidectomy nor ovariectomy influenced mRNA expression levels of RFRP or GPR147 in the prepubertal period when endogenous sex steroid levels were low in males and females. Administration of estradiol‐17β (E2) increased mRNA expression of RFRP in prepubertal females. These results suggest that the hypothalamic RFRP system changes during development. An ovarian sex steroid, E2, may stimulate mRNA expression of RFRP in the prepubertal period when the basal E2 concentration is low.
Schistosoma mansoni infection among prenatal attendees at a secondary‐care hospital in central Sudan
Authors: Khalid Abelrahman , Abdelgadir Mohamed A. , Ashmaig Abellatif , Ibrahim Abelrahman M. , Ahmed Abdel‐Aziz M. , Adam Ishag 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the epidemiology of Schistosoma mansoni infection among pregnant women in a secondary‐care hospital in Geizera state, Sudan.MethodBetween August and September 2010, a cross‐sectional study was conducted and questionnaires were administered to obtain basic sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics of pregnant women attending prenatal care at Araba Waeshreen Hospital. Stool samples were investigated for helminth infection via formol–ether concentration and Kato–Katz techniques.ResultsOf 292 pregnant women, 38 (13.0%) had S. mansoni infections. Hymenolepis nana and hookworm infections were present in 5 (1.7%) and 1 (0.3%) women, respectively. The intensity of the S. mansoni infection was light, moderate, and high in 13 (34.2%), 21 (55.3%), and 4 (10.5%) women, respectively. In multivariate analyses, parity, gestational age, and occupation were not associated with S. mansoni infection, unlike maternal age less than 20 years (odds ratio [OR] 9.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5–16.3; P = 0.01) and no education (OR 6.2; 95% CI, 2.8–12.9; P < 0.001).ConclusionThere was a high level of S. mansoni infection among pregnant women in the present setting, especially among younger women and those with no education. Control and preventive measures should be used in the area.
Concussion in the Pediatric and Adolescent Population: “Different Population, Different Concerns”
Authors: Karlin Aaron M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractsSports‐related concussions are common among pediatric and adolescent athletes, yet a scarcity of age‐specific research often has meant that practitioners use guidelines developed for collegiate or adult populations. This situation is changing, as more studies are being published about this population that bears special attention because of the immaturity of the developing brain. This article describes existing knowledge about the epidemiology and etiology of concussions in youth athletes; discusses issues related to assessment, clinical management, and return to activity; examines special concerns related to the effects of concussion on the developing brain; and discusses prevention and education initiatives related to concussion in youth athletes.
Headache Management in Concussion and Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Lucas Sylvia 
Published: October 2011

AbstractHeadache is one of the most common symptoms after traumatic brain injury (TBI), and posttraumatic headache (PTH) may be part of a constellation of symptoms that is seen in the postconcussive syndrome. PTH has no defining clinical features; currently it is classified as a secondary headache based on its close temporal relationship to the injury. A growing number of studies are characterizing PTH by using primary headache classifications. Moderate to severe PTH that is often disabling may be classified as migraine or probable migraine and is found in substantial numbers of individuals. Recent data from civilian adult, pediatric, and military populations all find that PTH may be more of a chronic problem than previously thought, with a prevalence of close to half of the injured population. In addition, if PTH definitions are strictly adhered to, then many cases of PTH may be missed, thus underestimating the scope of the problem. New headaches may be reported well after the 7 days required for diagnosis of PTH by the guidelines of the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd edition. A history of headache before a head injury occurs and female gender are possible risk factors for headache after TBI. Treatment of PTH may be acute or preventive, and recommendations are made for the use of migraine‐specific acute therapy when indicated. Preventive therapy may be considered when PTH is frequent, disabling, or refractory to acute therapies. Comorbid conditions should be considered when choosing an appropriate preventive therapy. The symptom of headache as a “return to play” or “return to duty” barrier must be viewed in the context of other symptoms of mild TBI.
Neuropsychological Testing as It Relates to Recovery From Sports‐related Concussion
Authors: Putukian Margot 
Published: October 2011

AbstractConcussion is a challenging injury for the sports medicine team, and neuropsychological testing has been used as an adjunct to other clinical measures for assessment and management, and to guide return‐to‐play decisions. Understanding the limitations as well as the role of neuropsychological testing in the evaluation and management of sports‐related concussion is important for the sports medicine team. This article will review the evidence regarding the utility of neuropsychological testing as it relates to concussion in sports.
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in the Occupational Setting
Authors: Chang Victor H. , Lombard Lisa A. , Greher Michael R. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe evaluation and management of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in the occupational setting may pose significant challenges for even the most‐seasoned practitioner. Providers must simultaneously address the clinical management of mTBI and be familiar with the systematic and administrative requirements related to the management of injured workers with mTBI who are covered by workers' compensation insurance, including causation, return to work, and the potential of permanent impairment. Given the primarily subjective nature of many mTBI symptoms, an injured worker with a delayed recovery may raise the question, if not suspicion, of symptom magnification and secondary gain. This review discusses the evaluation and treatment of the injured worker with mTBI, and focuses on the medicolegal issues that are present in the workers' compensation system, especially the role of neuropsychological evaluations. Although significant differences exist regarding classification schema, for the purposes of this discussion, mTBI is used to encompass the terms concussion, postconcussive syndrome, and persistent postconcussive syndrome.
Postconcussive Impairment Differences Across a Multifaceted Concussion Assessment Protocol
Authors: Guskiewicz Kevin M. , Register‐Mihalik Johna K. 
Published: October 2011

ObjectiveTo examine the proportion of athletes with concussion and with impairment disagreements across various clinical concussion assessment measures.DesignQuasi‐experimental repeated measures design.SettingClinical research laboratory.ParticipantsA sample of 100 collegiate‐aged athletes participated in the study (mean [SD] age, 18.5 ± 1.1 years; mean [SD] height, 180.6 ± 9.9 cm; mean [SD] weight, 84.1 ± 20.6 kg).Methods or InterventionsParticipants completed preseason baseline and postconcussive injury assessments on a clinical assessment battery, including a 17‐item graded symptom checklist, a computerized neurocognitive assessment, and a balance performance assessment.Main Outcome MeasurementsSymptom severity total score, 8 cognitive domain scores from the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics, and the composite balance score obtained from the Sensory Organization Test served as outcome measures for the study. McNemar tests of paired proportions were then used to analyze impairment disagreements (where one measure identified impairments not identified by the other) between the study outcome measures. The α level was set to .05 a priori.ResultsWe observed significant disagreements between symptom severity total scores, and all other measures used in the study in which symptom severity total scores identified more impairments than all other measures. In addition, we observed significant disagreements for half of the clinical measures used in the study, with disagreement proportions that ranged from 22%‐52%.ConclusionsOur study underscores the importance of using a multifaceted approach for management of concussion that includes assessment of symptom severity, cognitive function, and balance. Use of this multifaceted approach also can aid clinicians in understanding other comorbidities that may complicate the management of concussion.
CO2 migration in saline aquifers. Part 2. Capillary and solubility trapping
Authors: MacMinn C. W. , Szulczewski M. L. , Juanes R. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe large-scale injection of carbon dioxide (CO2) into saline aquifers is a promising tool for reducing atmospheric CO2 emissions to mitigate climate change. An accurate assessment of the post-injection migration and trapping of the buoyant plume of CO2 is essential for estimates of storage capacity and security, but these physical processes are not fully understood. In Part 1 of this series, we presented a complete solution to a theoretical model for the migration and capillary trapping of a plume of CO2 in a confined, sloping aquifer with a natural groundwater through-flow. Here, we incorporate solubility trapping, where CO2 from the buoyant plume dissolves into the ambient brine via convective mixing. We develop semi-analytical solutions to the model in two limiting cases: when the water beneath the plume saturates with dissolved CO2 very slowly or very quickly (‘instantaneously’) relative to plume motion. We show that solubility trapping can greatly slow the speed at which the plume advances, and we derive an explicit analytical expression for the position of the nose of the plume as a function of time. We then study the competition between capillary and solubility trapping, and the impact of solubility trapping on the storage efficiency, a macroscopic measure of plume migration. We show that solubility trapping can increase the storage efficiency by several-fold, even when the fraction of CO2 trapped by solubility trapping is small.
Beneficial effects of catechin-rich green tea and inulin on the body composition of overweight adults
Authors: Yang Hsin-Yi , Yang Suh-Ching , Chao Jane C.-J. , Chen Jiun-Rong 
Published: October 2011

Green tea catechin has been proposed to have an anti-obesity effect. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the effect of catechin-rich green tea in combination with inulin affects body weight and fat mass in obese and overweight adults. A total of thirty subjects were divided into a control group and an experimental group who received 650 ml tea or catechin-rich green tea plus inulin. A reduction of body weight ( − 1·29 (sem 0·35) kg) and fat mass (0·82 (sem 0·27) kg) in the experimental group was found after 6 weeks, and no adverse effects were observed. After refraining from consumption for 2 weeks, sustained effects on body weight and fat mass were observed. We conclude that continuous intake of catechin-rich green tea in combination with inulin for at least 3 weeks may be beneficial for weight management.
Three-dimensional computed tomography analysis of neoglottis after supracricoid laryngectomy with cricohyoidoepiglottopexy
Authors: Seino Y , Nakayama M , Okamoto M , Hayashi S 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIntroduction:Supracricoid laryngectomy with cricohyoidoepiglottopexy is an organ-preserving procedure used to treat laryngeal cancer. However, the post-operative neoglottis tends to be variable in form and difficult to predict.Methods:We retrospectively analysed three-dimensional images reconstructed from multidetector-row computed tomography data for 21 patients, assessing arytenoid motion and minimum neoglottic gap cross-sectional area.Results:While mean transverse and coronal motion was similar for bilateral and unilateral arytenoids, movement along the sagittal axis was greater for unilateral than bilateral arytenoids. The neoglottic gap during respiration was wider in patients with bilateral arytenoids, but both groups had a similar neoglottic gap during phonation.Conclusion:Anterior shifting of the unilateral arytenoid plays an important role in compensating for the inability to achieve neoglottic closure. These two results demonstrate that the unilateral arytenoid alone is capable of achieving sufficient neoglottic narrowing to compensate for the resected arytenoid. Three-dimensional analysis was useful to evaluate the physiological status of the neoglottis after supracricoid laryngectomy with cricohyoidoepiglottopexy.
Taste disturbance after mastoid surgery: immediate and long-term effects of chorda tympani nerve sacrifice
Authors: Kiverniti E , Watters G 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjective:To determine the immediate and long-term taste effects of chorda tympani nerve sacrifice in patients undergoing open cavity mastoidectomy.Design, setting and participants:A retrospective, questionnaire survey of patients receiving follow up and aural toilet following open cavity mastoidectomy, over a four-month period. The questionnaire assessed taste disturbance, both immediately post-operative and current. Available surgical records were reviewed for chorda tympani references.Results:Of 57 patients, six had undergone surgery to both ears. Of those who could recall (37/57), 24.3 per cent were aware of taste disturbance immediately after surgery, while 8.7 per cent reported current disturbance (median post-operative interval, 28.5 years; range, one month to 67 years). No bilateral surgery patients were aware of taste disturbance.Conclusion:Mastoidectomy consent procedure emphasises the risk of hearing loss and facial nerve injury, yet in open cavity surgery chorda tympani division is almost inevitable. Reassuringly, most post-operative taste disturbance resolves, and most patients are not aware of long-term disturbance. However, a small percentage suffer ongoing taste disturbance; this could be significant for professional chefs and wine-tasters. The risk of taste disturbance should be addressed in the consent procedure.
Functional results of temporalis fascia versus cartilage tympanoplasty in patients with bilateral chronic otitis media
Authors: Onal K , Arslanoglu S , Songu M , Demiray U , Demirpehlivan I A 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjectives:To compare the functional results of type I tympanoplasty performed with either temporalis fascia or a perichondrium and cartilage island flap, in patients with bilateral chronic otitis media.Method:The study included primary tympanoplasty cases with a subtotal perforation, an intact ossicular chain, a dry ear for at least one month and normal middle-ear mucosa, together with contralateral tympanic membrane perforation. Temporalis fascia tympanoplasty was undertaken in 41 patients, and cartilage tympanoplasty in 39 patients.Results:The graft success rate was 65.9 per cent for the fascia group and 92.3 per cent for the cartilage group. Post-operatively, the mean ± standard deviation air conduction threshold was 28.54 ± 14.20 dB for the fascia group and 22.97 ± 8.37 dB for the cartilage group, while the mean ± standard deviation bone conduction threshold was 11.71 ± 8.50 dB for the fascia group and 7.15 ± 5.56 dB for the cartilage group.Conclusion:In patients with bilateral chronic otitis media, cartilage tympanoplasty seems to provide better hearing results and graft success rates.
Cochlear implant failures: lessons learned from a UK centre
Authors: Masterson L , Kumar S , Kong J H K , Briggs J , Donnelly N , Axon P R , Gray R F 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjectives:To review our experience of cochlear implant failure and subsequent revision surgery, and to illustrate the experience we have gained by presenting a series of lessons learned.Methods:A combined retrospective and prospective study of revision surgery in a UK regional cochlear implant centre.Results:Of the 746 cochlear implantations undertaken, 33 (4.7 per cent of adults and 4.1 per cent of children) had a registered failure requiring re-implantation. The mean time to device failure was 60 months in adults and 35 months in children. Causes of cochlear implant failure were medical (n = 11), electrode displacement (n = 2), ‘hard device failure’ (n = 15) and ‘soft device failure’ (n = 5). Chronic suppurative otitis media and post-auricular mastoid abscess were the commonest causes of medical failure. There was one case of electrode array displacement as a direct result of skin flap revision surgery. In 80 per cent of cases, audiological performances were stable or improved following re-implantation.Conclusion:As the number of cochlear implants increase and patients outlive the lifespan of their devices, we will face a growing number of revision procedures. Audiologists and otologists should be competent in diagnosing and managing device failure and medical complications requiring cochlear re-implantation.
Congenital salivary fistula of an accessory parotid gland in Goldenhar syndrome
Authors: Sun Z , Sun L , Zhang Z , Ma X 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjectives:We report two cases of congenital salivary fistula of an accessory parotid gland, and we discuss its occurrence in Goldenhar syndrome.Methods:Two teenagers complained of a congenital cheek fistula with constant salivary discharge. Computed tomography fistulography and sialography were performed. The diagnosis of Goldenhar syndrome was established based on clinical and imaging findings. Previously reported cases are reviewed and the clinical and radiological features summarised.Results:In these two patients, a salivary fistula of an accessory parotid gland was demonstrated on computed tomography fistulography, and did not communicate with Stensen's duct. Deformity of Stensen's duct and hypoplasia of the ipsilateral mandibular ramus were present. Tragal appendices have frequently been reported in such cases.Conclusion:A congenital cheek salivary fistula of an accessory parotid gland should be considered indicative of Goldenhar syndrome.
Successful treatment of a rare metastatic malignant carotid body tumour in a young adult, with conservative surgery and local radiotherapy
Authors: Williamson J , Leopold G , Prabhu V , Ingrams D 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjective:We report a patient with a malignant carotid body paraganglioma treated with surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy. We discuss her treatment and outcome in the light of the published literature.Case report:A 26-year-old woman presented with a 12-month history of a painless, left-sided neck lump. Ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a carotid body tumour, which at surgical excision was found to be adherent to the vagus and hypoglossal cranial nerves (X and XII). The tumour was resected from the surrounding structures. Two local lymph nodes were removed to allow access. The internal carotid artery was also involved and had to be repaired with a synthetic graft. Histology and immunohistochemistry confirmed malignant carotid body paraganglioma. There were positive resection margins, and cervical lymph node metastasis was reported in one of the two nodes. Post-operatively, she had left Horner's syndrome, left vocal fold palsy and right upper limb weakness, all of which resolved spontaneously. She underwent adjuvant radiotherapy and remained recurrence free after 30 months.Conclusion:Malignant carotid body paraganglioma can affect young adults, with an insidious onset of symptoms. In this patient, local excision (without neck dissection) and adjuvant radiotherapy were well tolerated and resulted in satisfactory local disease control.