bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Making university libraries in Kenya the destination for the user population
Authors: Ondieki Makori Elisha 
Published: August 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the concept of marketing of information products and services in university libraries in Kenya.Design/methodology/approachThe paper utilises literature surveys of currently published articles and the researcher's professional experience.FindingsMarketing is a basic and essential management process for promoting information products and services in university libraries in Kenya, but it is not given the attention it deserves and/or is poorly coordinated. Marketing avails university libraries the unique opportunity to provide quality, and demand‐based and user‐oriented information products and services.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper used mainly literature surveys of currently published articles and the researcher's professional experience.Practical implicationsThe paper offers reasons, strategies or initiatives and recommendations on how to make university libraries the destination for the user population. In this respect, university libraries should be proactively involved in marketing of information products and services to the user population.Social implicationsUniversity libraries in Kenya should involve themselves actively in marketing and promotion of information products and services to the information audience. This helps to create awareness among the user population leading to increased use of information products and services in the libraries.Originality/valueThe paper highlights various marketing initiatives of making university libraries in Kenya the destination for the user population. Also, the paper explores recent innovative strategies for marketing information products and services. Marketing helps university libraries to: market and promote information products and services, provide innovative products and services, understand the needs and demands of the information audience or user population, plan service provision, and provide efficient and effective information products and services.
The antecedents of response strategies in strategic alliances
Authors: Tjemkes Brian , Furrer Olivier 
Published: August 2010

PurposeStrategic alliances involve uncertainty, interdependence, and vulnerability, which often create adverse situations. This paper seeks to understand how alliance managers respond to these adverse situations by examining the influence of four exchange variables on response strategies.Design/methodology/approachA scenario‐based experiment provides empirical support for a typology consisting of seven conceptually and empirically distinct response strategies: exit, opportunism, aggressive voice, creative voice, considerate voice, patience, and neglect.FindingsThe results indicate that economic satisfaction, social satisfaction, alliance‐specific investments, and the availability of attractive alternatives differentially and interactively affect response strategies.Research limitations/implicationsThe study offers two main contributions to alliance literature. First, the seven response strategies accurately represent reactions that alliance managers use to deal with adverse situations. Second, the study findings validate and extend previous alliance research by highlighting that a comprehensive response strategy typology is necessary to disentangle the effects of the four exchange conditions on response strategy use, which fosters theory development and managers' ability to manage their alliances effectively.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the process perspective on strategic alliances by highlighting the various response strategies that alliance managers use to deal with adverse situations and their antecedents.
Analysis of internet access and use by academic staff in the University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
Authors: Ani Okon E. , Edem Margaret B. , Ottong Eno J. 
Published: August 2010

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the extent/level of internet access, and use by academic staff in the University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria, as a teaching/research tool.Dsign/methodology/approachA structured questionnaire was used as an instrument for data collection, with academic staff in the University of Calabar as respondents.FindingsThe findings of the survey show extensive internet use by the respondents, although with a low level of access to the internet (26.92 per cent), as most of the respondents have access to the internet through a commercial internet cybercafé off campus, while only 3.08 and 1.54 per cent could access the internet in their offices and university library, respectively. The basic reasons for internet access, and use by the respondents, are for communication through e‐mail (16.87 per cent), teaching (15.66 per cent), and research related activities (14.58 per cent). The findings also indicated that although there exists a high level of skills in internet access, and use by the respondents, there is a need to organize regular formal user training by the university library (university management), for all academic staff in the University of Calabar, as well as each Nigerian university.Originality/valueThe paper recommends the provision of equitable internet access not only in the University of Calabar, but all Nigerian universities. Most significantly the paper advocates a national policy of providing internet access for all academic staff in their offices in Nigerian universities, and effective electronic collection development to supplement traditional print resources in the university libraries towards enhanced electronic access, and use by academic staff.
Interview with Peter White
Authors: by Juliet Norton Interview 
Published: August 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide an interview with Peter White, P&G's Director for Global Sustainability, and chair of P&G's Global Sustainability Leadership Council which develops and co‐ordinates the company's sustainability strategy and goals.Design/methodology/approachThis briefing is prepared by an independent interviewer.FindingsIt is absolutely essential for businesses to have a sustainability strategy in place. Organizations need a strategy to make sure that you are acting responsibly. That involves looking into all aspects of the businesses operations, including supply chains, to ensure both social and environmental responsibility.Practical implicationsThe paper provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world's leading organizations.Social implicationsThe paper provides strategic insights and practical thinking that can have a broader social impact.Originality/valueThere are five planks to P&G's sustainability strategy which cover all of the important parts of P&G's operations: products; operations; social responsibility programs; employee engagement and stakeholders. This interview provides valuable insight and guidance for businesses that are trying to make sustainability a part of their business strategy.
Practical wisdom, an attempt for a Protestant re‐formulation
Authors: Weber‐Berg Christoph 
Published: August 2010

PurposeThis paper seeks to explore the role of virtues in the context of management from a religious perspective. Its objective is to shed some light on the significance of Martin Luther's anthropology and theology of justification for a modern understanding of practical wisdom.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reviews some passages of source literature by Martin Luther and – with side glances to Georg Simmel – reflects on basic structures of personal failure, as implied by Luther's metaphor of the self‐inclined man (homo incurvatus in se ipsum). By developing two theses, the paper proceeds to the question whether a protestant re‐formulation of practical wisdom could be useful to overcome self‐reference, not only on a personal, but also on an organisational level.FindingsFaith and love, reformulated as virtues of practical wisdom for modern management from a protestant perspective can be understood as a receptive attitude and the ability to establish non‐instrumentalised and respectful relationships to humans. Lived by managers, they could help preventing companies and economy at large, to get caught in self‐referential, and inherently instable feedback cycles.Originality/valueThe change of perspective, inspired by Luther's theology of justification, enriches the notion of practical wisdom with new connotations and makes them accessible to the discourse over virtues in management.
Spiritual capital and practical wisdom
Authors: Roosevelt Malloch Theodore 
Published: August 2010

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to show the connection between spiritual capital and practical wisdom with moral virtue as the link of both concepts.Design/methodology/approachThe concept of spiritual capital will be explained using the well known concept of social capital and practical examples for virtues.FindingsSpiritual capital has an impact on business like other forms of capital.Originality/valueThe paper discusses the development of the concept of spiritual capital.
Marketing's “Oscars”: a citation analysis of award‐winning articles
Authors: Hubbard Raymond , Norman Andrew T. , Parsa Rahul A. 
Published: August 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to see whether it is possible to reliably detect, prospectively, superior intellectual contributions to marketing's literature.Design/methodology/approachCitation data accessed on the Institute of Scientific Information Web of Science were used to examine the impact of award‐winning marketing articles with those of lead articles and non‐lead articles in the same journal issues.FindingsAward‐winners gathered more citations than those for the two comparison groups. It is shown, however, that this finding should not be taken for granted. The peer review system frequently fails to identify high quality, innovative research.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper only considers US marketing journals.Originality/valueThis is the only in‐depth study of the impact of award‐winning research in the marketing community.
The cybernetics of organising: management and leadership
Authors: Rowe James 
Published: August 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to argue that in a strategic context organising is a cybernetic process that corresponds leadership and management. The paper reflects on the obverse condition where the lack of correspondence may facilitate failure.Design/methodology/approachThe paper applies Stafford Beer's viable systems model to consider management and leadership's relationship in the organisational context and draws on the practice of leadership and management to support the theoretical assertions.FindingsThat management and leadership are key processes in organising that need to be in mutual correspondence in order to sustain the viability of the organisation.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper explores management and leadership from a systems perspective and so further practical work could be initiated to consider both successful organising and failure.Practical implicationsThe paper is attempting to demonstrate that organisations may need to develop leadership and management contiguously as control and viability drivers; and that the duopoly of management and leadership is at the heart of the cybernetics of organising.Originality/valueThe paper attempts to consider the seminal cybernetic process of organising.
Multi‐directional search to optimize neural network error function
Authors: Ahmed Shamsuddin 
Published: August 2010

PurposeThe proposed algorithm successfully optimizes complex error functions, which are difficult to differentiate, ill conditioned or discontinuous. It is a benchmark to identify initial solutions in artificial neural network (ANN) training.Design/methodology/approachA multi‐directional ANN training algorithm that needs no derivative information is introduced as constrained one‐dimensional problem. A directional search vector examines the ANN error function in weight parameter space. The search vector moves in all possible directions to find minimum function value. The network weights are increased or decreased depending on the shape of the error function hyper surface such that the search vector finds descent directions. The minimum function value is thus determined. To accelerate the convergence of the algorithm a momentum search is designed. It avoids overshooting the local minimum.FindingsThe training algorithm is insensitive to the initial starting weights in comparison with the gradient‐based methods. Therefore, it can locate a relative local minimum from anywhere of the error surface. It is an important property of this training method. The algorithm is suitable for error functions that are discontinuous, ill conditioned or the derivative of the error function is not readily available. It improves over the standard back propagation method in convergence and avoids premature termination near pseudo local minimum.Research limitations/implicationsClassifications problems are efficiently classified when using this method but the complex time series in some instances slows convergence due to complexity of the error surface. Different ANN network structure can further be investigated to find the performance of the algorithm.Practical implicationsThe search scheme moves along the valleys and ridges of the error function to trace minimum neighborhood. The algorithm only evaluates the error function. As soon as the algorithm detects flat surface of the error function, care is taken to avoid slow convergence.Originality/valueThe algorithm is efficient due to incorporation of three important methodologies. The first mechanism is the momentum search. The second methodology is the implementation of directional search vector in coordinate directions. The third procedure is the one‐dimensional search in constrained region to identify the self‐adaptive learning rates, to improve convergence.
Unfettered capitalism: why it is neither efficient nor just
Authors: Hosseini Hamid 
Published: August 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to argue that free market capitalism is neither efficient nor just. This is in spite of the claims made by its proponents who, utilizing Adam Smith's doctrine of invisible hand or the fundamental theorem of welfare economics, assume that it is efficient, just, smooth functioning, and self‐regulating.Design/methodology/approachThe paper utilizes conceptual/theoretical research and arguments that have emerged in the literatures of public economics and welfare economics.FindingsIn addition to proving the above, the paper also finds that Adam Smith is actually a moral egalitarian, thus he could not have agreed with Nozick and Friedman regarding the nature of capitalism. To the extent that Smith supported free market capitalism, it was because he thought, in contrast to mercantilist policies, that free markets would lead to equity and justice.Originality/valueThe paper is an original/valuable contribution since it rescues Adam Smith from the extreme proponents of laissez‐faire capitalism who claim him.
Paradigms and pragmatic constructivism: a reply
Authors: Nørreklit Hanne , Nørreklit Lennart , Mitchell Falconer 
Published: August 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a response to a comment written by Richard Laughlin on a previous paper by the authors, which appeared in Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, Volume 23 Number 6.Design/methodology/approachThe paper addresses three issues central to the analysis of the comment on their past paper.FindingsIn addressing each of the issues in turn the authors clarify their analysis.Originality/valueThe paper provides an argument for the development of a paradigm for accounting practice derived from the use of pragmatic constructivism.
Porter's generic strategies as applied toward e‐tailers post‐Leegin
Authors: Collins Marianne K. , Winrow Brian 
Published: August 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the applicability of Porter's model of generic strategies as applied toward online retailers following the United States Supreme Court's decision in Leegin, which appears to signal greater tolerance for minimum vertical price maintenance agreements.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on a review of the literature and examines cases relating to minimum resale price maintenance agreements. Relying heavily on Porter's framework, it explores the strategic implications of the recent decision in Leegin for on‐line retailers, many of whom rely on a cost leadership competitive advantage.FindingsSince the increased likelihood that vertical minimum price maintenance agreements will be permitted, thereby lowering the barriers to entry, online retailers may be deterred from utilizing low costs to under‐price traditional retailers. As a result, the Leegin holding has devalued the feasibility of pursuing a cost leadership strategy, and e‐tailers may need to adopt alternative or integrative strategies for securing a competitive advantage.Originality/valueThe paper incorporates literature pertaining to Porter's model of generic strategies, online pricing strategies, as well as recent court cases.
Some empirical evidence on the demand for money in the Pacific Island countries
Authors: Singh Rup , Kumar Saten 
Published: August 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze narrow money demand functions for the Pacific Island countries (PICs) and evaluate their stability. The selected PICs are Fiji, Vanuatu, Samoa (SAM), Solomons and the Papua New Guinea. The stability of the demand for money is vital for the formulation of the monetary policy.Design/methodology/approachThe augmented Dicky‐Fuller method is employed to test the time series properties of the variables. Alternative time series techniques such as general to specific (GETS) and Johansen maximum likelihood (JML) are used with annual data from 1974 to 2004 (except for SAM with data from 1980 to 2004) to estimate the narrow money demand equations. To draw inferences relative to the stability of the parameters, the study applies the cumulative recursive sum of recursive residuals (CUSUM) and the cumulative sum of squares of recursive residuals (CUSUMSQ).FindingsThe results from the time series approaches of GETS and JML suggest that real income, nominal rate of interest and real narrow money are cointegrated. The CUSUM and CUSUMSQ stability test results indicate that the demand for money functions for these countries are stable and, therefore, the respective monetary authorities may consider targeting money supply in their conduct of monetary policy. It is argued that the financial sector reforms and liberalization is yet to have any significant effects on the money demand in the PICs.Research limitations/implicationsThe methods of estimation does not allow for structural breaks in the cointegrating relationship. It is hoped that future research may focus on using the structural break techniques and also investigate the stability of the demand for broad money in the PICs. Further due to limitations in the data, the authors were only able to select five PICs.Originality/valueThis is the first paper in the literature that provides long‐run estimates and stability results of the narrow money demand using the newest time series techniques for a group of PICs over the period 1974‐2004.
A contractor's analysis of the likelihood of payment of claims
Authors: Carmichael David G. , Balatbat Maria C.A. 
Published: August 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present an original model, and one of practical use, for a contractor's internal analysis of the likelihood of late and incomplete payments, in an uncertain payment environment. Payments typically dominate the thinking of a contractor and the way a contractor operates. The model applies equally to subcontractors, suppliers and consultants.Design/methodology/approachThe model is based on Markov chains, specially adapted to the problem, where the states are defined as the period of time by which the payment is overdue. In addition, there are special states corresponding to claims that have been paid, and those that need resolution. Transitions between states reflect the payment characteristics on the project (which itself depends on the type of project and the owner‐contractor relationship).FindingsReal project data confirm the validity of the model. Output from the model can be shown to agree with actual contractor payment data. The output is in terms of probability of payment by a certain date, and mean time to payment for amounts owing. Such information assists the contractor in its financial management practices.Practical implicationsThe paper gives a summary approach for contractors. A strength and paradox of the model is its simplicity in usage, yet it overlies hidden more extensive mathematics, which might generally not be known or is necessary to be known to contractors. The model analysis feeds into the contractor's cash flow calculations, overall project risk analysis and accounting procedures.Originality/valueThe paper represents an original contribution to the modelling and analysis of contractor payments.
Starving terrorists of their financial oxygen – at all costs?
Authors: Yankson Sidney 
Published: August 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to argue that the leadin‘g international actor responsible for the maintenance of peace and security, the United Nations Security Council (UNSC), must ensure that they strictly abide by accepted fundamental human rights norms when promulgating and enforcing resolutions for freezing assets of suspected terrorists.Design/methodology/approachThe paper presents an overview of some fundamental human rights affected by the UN resolutions. It then compares leading case law from both the international (European Court of Justice) and domestic (the UK and the USA) perspectives. Finally, the paper discusses the leading academic critiques before exploring whether the UNSC is right to infringe or derogate from human rights norms in its counter‐terrorism policy. If so, in what circumstances and under what conditions may they be right to do so?FindingsThere are several fundamental human rights norms which are not respected by the UNSC in the area of terrorist financing.Research limitations/implicationsResearch could be expanded to other courts. Further research should consider additional human rights that were outside the scope of this paper.Practical implicationsThe UNSC should allow special advocates on all matters both before the ombudsman and themselves. This should provide greater transparency.Social implicationsThe paper should draw attention to the seemingly incongruous position of the UNSC, tasked with protecting us and our human rights, when in fact they themselves may be breaching them.Originality/valueThe paper will be valuable to governments and regulators that seek to regulate the financial markets. It will also be useful to human rights activists.