bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Study of Amplicor Human Papillomavirus DNA Detection in the Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance–Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion Triage Study
Authors: Wentzensen Nicolas , Gravitt Patti E. , Solomon Diane , Wheeler Cosette M. , Castle Philip E. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
We analyzed the performance of Amplicor for detecting carcinogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and cervical precancer in women with an atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) Pap and compared the results with Hybrid Capture 2 (hc2) in the ASCUS and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) triage study (ALTS). Baseline specimens collected from women referred into ALTS based on an ASCUS Pap result were prospectively tested by hc2 and retrospectively tested by Amplicor (n = 3,277). Following receiver-operator-characteristics curve analysis, Amplicor performance was analyzed at three cutoffs (0.2, 1.0, and 1.5). Paired Amplicor and hc2 results were compared for the detection of 2-year cumulative cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 3 and more severe disease outcomes (CIN3+) and for the detection of 13 targeted carcinogenic HPV types. Amplicor at the 0.2 cutoff had a higher sensitivity for the detection of CIN3+ (95.8% versus 92.6%, P = 0.01) but a much lower specificity (38.9% versus 50.6%, P &lt; 0.001) than hc2. Amplicor at the 1.5 cutoff had an identical sensitivity for the detection of CIN3+ (92.6%) and a slightly lower specificity (47.5%; P &lt; 0.001). The positive predictive value of hc2 was higher at all Amplicor cutoffs, whereas referral rates were significantly lower (53.2% for hc2 versus 64.1% at the 0.2 cutoff and 56.0% at the 1.5 cutoff, P &lt; 0.001). Amplicor was more analytically specific for detecting targeted carcinogenic HPV types than hc2. Amplicor at the 1.5 cutoff had comparable performance with hc2. Whereas Amplicor missed more disease related to nontargeted types, hc2 was more likely to miss disease related to targeted types. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(5):1341–9)
Physical Activity as a Determinant of Fecal Bile Acid Levels
Authors: Wertheim Betsy C. , Martínez María Elena , Ashbeck Erin L. , Roe Denise J. , Jacobs Elizabeth T. , Alberts David S. , Thompson Patricia A. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Physical activity is protective against colon cancer, whereas colonic bile acid exposure is a suspected risk factor. Although likely related, the association between physical activity and bile acid levels has not been well-studied. Furthermore, the effect of triglycerides, which are known to modify bile acid levels, on this relationship has not been investigated. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of baseline fecal bile acid levels for 735 colorectal adenoma formers obtained from participants in a phase III ursodeoxycholic acid chemoprevention trial. Compared with the lowest quartile of recreational physical activity duration, the highest quartile was associated with a 17% lower fecal bile acid concentration, adjusted for age, sex, dietary fiber intake, and body mass index (P = 0.042). Furthermore, consistent with a previously established relationship between serum triglyceride levels and bile acid metabolism, we stratified by triglyceride level and observed a 34% lower fecal bile acid concentration (highest versus lowest quartiles of physical activity) in individuals with low triglycerides (&lt;136 mg/dL; P = 0.002). In contrast, no association between physical activity and fecal bile acid concentration was observed for subjects with high triglycerides (≥136 mg/dL). Our results suggest that the biological mechanism responsible for the protective effect of physical activity on the incidence of colon cancer may be partially mediated by decreasing colonic bile acid exposure. However, this effect may be limited to individuals with lower triglyceride levels. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(5):1591–8)
One-Carbon Metabolism and Prostate Cancer Risk: Prospective Investigation of Seven Circulating B Vitamins and Metabolites
Authors: Johansson Mattias , Van Guelpen Bethany , Vollset Stein Emil , Hultdin Johan , Bergh Anders , Key Tim , Midttun Øivind , Hallmans Göran , Ueland Per M. , Stattin Pär 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Purpose: Components of one-carbon metabolism are believed to influence cancer development with suggested mechanisms, including DNA methylation and DNA repair mechanisms. However, few prospective studies have investigated one-carbon metabolism in relation to prostate cancer risk, and the results have been conflicting. The aim of this study was to do a comprehensive investigation of the components of one-carbon metabolism in relation to prostate cancer risk. A panel of seven circulating B vitamins and related metabolites was selected, most of which have not been studied before.
Materials and Methods: We analyzed plasma concentrations of betaine, choline, cysteine, methionine, methylmalonic acid (MMA), vitamin B2, and vitamin B6 in 561 cases and 1,034 controls matched for age and recruitment date, nested within the population-based Northern Sweden Health and Disease Cohort. Relative risks of prostate cancer were estimated by conditional logistic regression.
Results: Positive associations with prostate cancer risk were observed for choline and vitamin B2, and an inverse association was observed for MMA. The relative risks for a doubling in concentrations were 1.46 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.04-2.05; Ptrend = 0.03] for choline, 1.11 (95% CI, 1.00-1.23; Ptrend = 0.04) for vitamin B2, and 0.78 (95% CI, 0.63-0.97; Ptrend = 0.03) for MMA. Concentrations of betaine, cysteine, methionine, and vitamin B6 were not associated with prostate cancer risk.
Conclusion: The results of this large prospective study suggest that elevated plasma concentrations of choline and vitamin B2 may be associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer. These novel findings support a role of one-carbon metabolism in prostate cancer etiology and warrant further investigation. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(5):1538–43)
Colorectal Cancer in Relation to Postmenopausal Estrogen and Estrogen Plus Progestin in the Women's Health Initiative Clinical Trial and Observational Study
Authors: Prentice Ross L. , Pettinger Mary , Beresford Shirley A.A. , Wactawski-Wende Jean , Hubbell F. Allan , Stefanick Marcia L. , Chlebowski Rowan T. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer incidence was reduced among women assigned to active treatment in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) estrogen plus progestin-randomized trial, but the interpretation was obscured by an associated later stage of diagnosis. In contrast, the estrogen-alone trial showed no incidence reduction or differential stage at diagnosis. Here, data from the WHI observational study are considered, in conjunction with colorectal cancer mortality data from the hormone therapy trials, in an attempt to clarify postmenopausal hormone therapy effects.
Participants and Methods: Postmenopausal women ages 50 to 79 years at WHI enrollment. Estrogen-alone analyses include 21,552 and 10,739 women who were posthysterectomy from the observational study and clinical trial, respectively. Estrogen plus progestin analyses include 32,084 and 16,608 observational study and clinical trial women with uterus. Colorectal cancers were verified by central medical and pathology report review.
Results: Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) from the WHI observational study were 0.80 (0.53-1.20) for estrogen and 1.15 (0.74-1.79) for estrogen plus progestin, with, respectively, 168 and 175 women diagnosed with colorectal cancer. Delayed diagnosis with estrogen plus progestin is not evident in the observational study. No protective effect on colorectal cancer mortality in the estrogen plus progestin trial is seen over an 8-year intervention and follow-up period.
Conclusion: Hazard ratio patterns in the WHI clinical trial and observational study do not provide strong evidence of a clinically important colorectal cancer benefit with either estrogen-alone or estrogen plus progestin over 7 to 8 years of treatment and follow-up. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(5):1531–7)
Genetic Polymorphisms in Nitric Oxide Synthase Genes Modify the Relationship between Vegetable and Fruit Intake and Risk of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Han Xuesong , Zheng Tongzhang , Lan Qing , Zhang Yaqun , Kilfoy Briseis A. , Qin Qin , Rothman Nathaniel , Zahm Shelia H. , Holford Theodore R. , Leaderer Brian , Zhang Yawei 
Published: May 2009

AbstractOxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species and other free radicals is involved in carcinogenesis. It has been suggested that high vegetable and fruit intake may reduce the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) as vegetables and fruit are rich in antioxidants. The aim of this study is to evaluate the interaction of vegetable and fruit intake with genetic polymorphisms in oxidative stress pathway genes and NHL risk. This hypothesis was investigated in a population-based case-control study of NHL and NHL histologic subtypes in women from Connecticut, including 513 histologically confirmed incident cases and 591 randomly selected controls. Gene-vegetable/fruit joint effects were estimated using unconditional logistic regression model. The false discovery rate method was applied to adjust for multiple comparisons. Significant interactions with vegetable and fruit intake were mainly found for genetic polymorphisms on nitric oxide synthase (NOS) genes among those with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms in the NOS1 gene were found to significantly modify the association between total vegetable and fruit intake and risk of NHL overall, as well as the risk of follicular lymphoma. When vegetables, bean vegetables, cruciferous vegetables, green leafy vegetables, red vegetables, yellow/orange vegetables, fruit, and citrus fruits were examined separately, strong interaction effects were narrowed to vegetable intake among patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Our results suggest that genetic polymorphisms in oxidative stress pathway genes, especially in the NOS genes, modify the association between vegetable and fruit intake and risk of NHL. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(5):1429–38)
Obesity, Weight Gain, and Risk of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Strom Sara S. , Yamamura Yuko , Kantarijian Hagop M. , Cortes-Franco Jorge E. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractTo date, little is known about the risk factors for the development of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Obesity, measured as body mass index, has been identified as a possible risk factor for several solid tumors as well as some adult hematopoietic malignancies. This case-control study (N = 253 cases and 270 controls), conducted at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, investigated the role of obesity and adulthood weight gain in CML risk. Cases and controls were similar with respect to smoking, alcohol consumption, and occupational solvent and ionizing radiation exposure. Cases were significantly more likely to have a history of occupational exposure to agricultural chemicals (11% cases versus 3% controls, P = 0.001). Cases were more likely to be obese during adulthood compared with controls at age 25 [odds ratios (OR) = 4.29; 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), 1.63-11.3], at age 40 (OR = 5.12; 95% CI, 1.92-13.6), and at diagnosis (OR = 3.09; 95% CI, 1.56-6.13). Obesity at all ages was found to be an independent risk factor, with a significant dose-response effect. Among participants ≥45 years, cases gained significantly more weight each year between ages 25 and 40 compared with controls (0.78 versus 0.44 kg/y, P &lt; 0.001) with the association strongest among those who gained &gt;1 kg/y between 25 and 40 years of age (OR, 3.63; 95% CI, 1.46-9.04). Our results suggest that obesity and adulthood weight gain play important roles in CML risk. Several plausible biological mechanisms have been proposed and warrant further investigation. In the future, cancer prevention interventions aimed at reducing the incidence of CML could be developed. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(5):1501–6)
Associations of Herbal and Specialty Supplements with Lung and Colorectal Cancer Risk in the VITamins And Lifestyle Study
Authors: Satia Jessie A. , Littman Alyson , Slatore Christopher G. , Galanko Joseph A. , White Emily 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Millions of Americans use dietary supplements with little knowledge about their benefits or risks. We examined associations of various herbal/specialty supplements with lung and colorectal cancer risk. Men and women, 50 to 76 years, in the VITamins And Lifestyle cohort completed a 24-page baseline questionnaire that captured duration (years) and frequency (days per week) of use of commonly used herbal/specialty supplements. Dose was not assessed due to the lack of accurate potency information. Supplement exposure was categorized as “no use” or “any use” over the previous 10 years. Hazard ratios (HR) were estimated by multivariate Cox regression models. Incident lung (n = 665) and colorectal cancers (n = 428) were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer registry. Any use of glucosamine and chondroitin, which have anti-inflammatory properties, over the previous 10 years, was associated with significantly lower lung cancer risk: HR 0.74 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.58-0.94] and HR 0.72 (95% CI, 0.54-0.96) and colorectal cancer risk: HR 0.73 (95% CI, 0.54-0.98) and HR 0.65 (95% CI, 0.45-0.93), respectively. There were also statistically significantly inverse associations of fish oil: HR 0.65 (95% CI, 0.42-0.99), methylsulfonylmethane: HR 0.46 (95% CI, 0.23-0.93), and St. John's wort: HR 0.35 (95% CI, 0.14-0.85) with colorectal cancer risk. In contrast, garlic pills were associated with a statistically significant 35% elevated colorectal cancer risk. These results suggest that some herbal/specialty supplements may be associated with lung and colorectal cancer risk; however, these products should be used with caution. Additional studies examining the effects of herbal/specialty supplements on risk for cancer and other diseases are needed. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(5):1419–28)
BRCA1 Breast Cancer Risk Is Modified by CYP19 Polymorphisms in Ashkenazi Jews
Authors: Raskin Leon , Lejbkowicz Flavio , Barnett-Griness Ofra , Dishon Sara , Almog Ronit , Rennert Gad 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Exposure to sex hormones is a major risk factor for breast cancer and current treatments include hormone modifying drugs, among them aromatase inhibitors. We studied the association of CYP19 (Val80 and [TTTA]n) polymorphisms, the gene translated to aromatase, and the risk of breast cancer in BRCA carriers and noncarriers. The study consisted of 958 cancer cases and 931 healthy controls, including 474 carriers and 1,415 noncarriers. Cases and controls came from a population-based study of breast cancer in Israel, enriched with BRCA carriers from a clinical familial cancer service. Val80 G/G genotype was associated with significantly increased risk of breast cancer compared with the Val80 A/A genotype in BRCA1 carriers ages &lt;50 years (odds ratio, 2.81; 95% confidence interval, 1.09-7.22; P = 0.032) but not in BRCA2 carriers or noncarriers of any age. A similar magnitude suggestive association, although nonstatistically significant, was found between Val80 polymorphism and estrogen receptor-negative status of the breast tumors. A common haplotype composed of the Val80 G allele and three haplotype-tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs727479, rs10046, and rs4646) in the CYP19 coding region showed a trend to association with breast cancer risk in BRCA1 carriers ages &lt;50 years. Published expression data show higher estrogen levels with higher repeats in [TTTA]n found in linkage disequilibrium with Val80. The present study suggests that the CYP19 Val80 polymorphism and a haplotype that includes this polymorphism are associated with increased breast cancer risk in young women with BRCA1 mutations. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(5):1617–23)
Familiarity or Conceptual Priming? Good Question! Comment on Stenberg, Hellman, Johansson, and Rosén (2009)
Authors: Lucas Heather D. , Voss Joel L. , Paller Ken A. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Stenberg et al. argued that FN400 brain potentials index familiarity rather than conceptual priming. Their data from a test of name recognition showed that both familiarity and FN400s were influenced by frequency but not fame, whereas separate behavioral measures of priming were influenced by fame but not frequency. However, this apparent dissociation was gravely weakened by confounds in task demands and inadequate behavioral measures of priming. Although Stenberg et al. failed to provide evidence suitable for disentangling neural correlates of familiarity from those of conceptual priming, an analysis of their report can be used to highlight difficulties that remain to be surmounted to understand recognition and the neural events that signal distinct memory functions engaged during recognition.
“Do You See Yonder Cloud?”—On Priming Concepts, A New Test, and a Familiar Outcome. Reply to Lucas et al.: “Familiarity or Conceptual Priming? Good Question! Comment on Stenberg, Hellman, Johansson, and Rosén (2009)”
Authors: Stenberg Georg , Johansson Mikael , Hellman Johan , Rosén Ingmar 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Lucas, Voss, and Paller sympathize with our intentions but disagree with our findings. They argue that a relation between frequency and conceptual priming may have been obscured by methodological details in our second experiment, therefore failing to complete a bridge between conceptual priming and FN400 with name frequency as the mediator. However, renewed inspections of our experiment and a new additional experiment, designed to meet the objections, fail to find any role for name frequency in conceptual priming and therefore re-establish the dissociation of priming and the FN400. On closer inspection, our differing views seem to derive from different interpretations of the term “concept.”
Sea-Breeze Convergence Zones from AVHRR over the Iberian Mediterranean Area and the Isle of Mallorca, Spain
Authors: Azorin-Molina Cesar , Connell Bernadette H. , Baena-Calatrava Rafael 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify clear air boundaries and to obtain spatial distribution of convective areas associated with the sea breeze over the Iberian Mediterranean zone and the isle of Mallorca, both in Spain. Daytime Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) polar-orbiting satellites were collected for May–October 2004. A cloud detection algorithm was used to identify clouds to derive daytime sea-breeze cloud frequency composites over land. The high-resolution composites aided in identifying the location of five preferential sea-breeze convergence zones (SBCZ) in relation to the shape of coastline and orographic effects. Additionally, eight regimes were designated using mean boundary layer wind speed and direction to provide statistics about the effect of prevailing large-scale flows on sea-breeze convection over the five SBCZ. The offshore SW to W and the NW to N regimes were characterized by high cloud frequencies parallel to the coast. Small differences in mean cloud frequency values from morning to afternoon composites were detected with these regimes because sea-breeze fronts tended to form early and persist into the afternoon. Just the opposite occurred under the onshore NE to E and SE to S regimes. It was found that light to moderate (≤5.1 m s−1) winds aloft result in more clouds at the leading edge of sea breezes. In contrast, strong synoptic-scale (&gt;5.1 m s−1) flows weaken boundary layer convergence. The results from this satellite meteorology study could have practical applications for many people including those that forecast the weather and those that use the forecast for making decisions related to energy use, fishing, recreation, or agriculture activities, as well as for estimating pollution or issuing warnings for heavy rain or flash flooding.
Investigation of Upstream Boundary Layer Influence on Mountain Wave Breaking and Lee Wave Rotors Using a Large-Eddy Simulation
Authors: Smith Craig M. , Skyllingstad Eric D. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Interactions between a turbulent boundary layer and nonlinear mountain waves are explored using a large-eddy simulation model. Simulations of a self-induced critical layer, which develop a stagnation layer and a strong leeside surface jet, are considered. Over time, wave breaking in the stagnation region forces strong turbulence that influences the formation and structure of downstream leeside rotors. Shear production is an important source of turbulence in the stagnation zone and along the interface between the stagnation zone and surface jet, as well as along the rotor edges. Buoyancy perturbations act as a source of turbulence in the stagnation zone but are shown to inhibit turbulence generation on the edges of the stagnation zone.
Surface heating is shown to have a strong influence on the strength of downslope winds and the formation of leeside rotors. In cases with no heating, a series of rotor circulations develops, capped by a region of increased winds. Weak heating disrupts this system and limits rotor formation at the base of the downslope jet. Strong heating has a much larger impact through a deepening of the upstream boundary layer and an overall decrease in the downslope winds. Rotors in this case are nonexistent. In contrast to the cases with surface warming, negative surface fluxes generate stronger downslope winds and intensified rotors due to turbulent interactions with an elevated stratified jet capping the rotors. Overall, the results suggest that for nonlinear wave systems over mountains higher than the boundary layer, strong downslope winds and rotors are favored in late afternoon and evening when surface cooling enhances the stability of the low-level air.