bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CATCHING‐UP AND TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS OF THE ASEAN ECONOMIES
Authors: LEE YOUNG HOON , CHENG MING YU 
Published: May 2011

AbstractTotal factor productivity growth of the five ASEAN founding members is estimated by decomposing total factor productivity growth into technical efficiency and technological progress. By using the stochastic frontier model with individual‐specific temporal pattern of technical efficiency for the period of 1981–2003, the present paper identifies the unique temporal pattern of productivity changes in each country, to analyze the relationship between country characteristics and the inherent efficiency and productivity changes. The empirical results indicate that over the study period, growth in Singapore and Malaysia was largely driven by both technological progress and input accumulation, whereas growth in Thailand was induced by an improvement in technical efficiency and through input accumulation.
ILLEGAL DISPOSAL AND WASTE COLLECTION FREQUENCY
Authors: FERRARA IDA 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA model of household refuse production is presented in which the implications of the presence of dumping incentives for the public choice of garbage collection frequency under a user fee system are analysed. Insofar as governments wishing to balance their waste collection service budgets can set the marginal benefit of collecting garbage equal to its marginal cost, no externality arises through pick‐up frequency. However, when the expected punishment for dumping is zero or independent of its extent, the public provision of refuse collection frequency turns out to be negatively affected by the amount of garbage that individuals dump and, therefore, intervention in the management of household waste is required. The optimal policy is found to consist of taxes on consumption goods and subsidies for curbside (or legal) disposal and recycling that are directly linked to collection costs.
The effect of instrument alignment on peripheral refraction measurements by automated optometer
Authors: Ehsaei Asieh , Chisholm Catharine M , Mallen Edward A H , Pacey Ian E 
Published: May 2011

Citation information: Ehsaei A, Chisholm CM, Mallen EAH & Pacey IE. The effect of instrument alignment on peripheral refraction measurements by automated optometer. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2011, 31, 413–420. doi: 10.1111/j.1475‐1313.2011.00838.xAbstractPurpose:  Interest in peripheral refraction measurement has grown in recent years in response to the insight it may provide into myopia development. In light of the likely increase in the clinical use of open‐field autorefractors for peripheral refraction measurements, the question of instrument alignment and its impact on the accuracy of refraction measurements is raised. The aim of this study was to investigate the accuracy and precision when an open‐field device was moved away from alignment with the corneal reflex towards the pupil margins, and to determine the optimum alignment position for peripheral refraction measurements.Methods:  Autorefractions were performed on the right eyes of 10 healthy participants using the Shin‐Nippon NVision‐K 5001 autorefractor. At least five measurements were taken with the subject fixating a distance target in the primary position of gaze, and then four peripheral fixation targets located along the horizontal meridian (10° and 20° eccentricities in the nasal and temporal retina). Measurements were taken at seven alignment positions across the pupil for each fixation angle. Refraction was recorded as the spherical and cylindrical power.Results:  The central objective refraction achieved under cycloplegia based on the autorefraction result for the whole sample, ranged between −5.62 D and +1.85 D for the value of sphere, with a maximum astigmatism of −1.00 D. Acceptable alignment position range varied with fixation angle but was −1.0 to +1.0 mm in width across the pupil. Peripheral refraction measurements centred on the entrance pupil were as reliable as those centred on the corneal reflex.Conclusions:  Our data suggest that for peripheral refraction measurements, there is a range of acceptable positions and operators can be confident of the validity of results obtained if aligned half way between the pupil centre and corneal reflex. The alignment becomes more critical at greater eccentricities.
A novel noncontact method to assess the biomechanical properties of wound tissue
Authors: Chao Clare Y. L. , Zheng Yong‐Ping , Cheing Gladys L. Y. 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTA novel noncontact optical coherence tomography based air‐jet indentation system was developed for characterizing the biomechanical properties of soft tissue in a noncontact way. This study aimed to measure the stiffness of diabetic foot ulcer tissues by using this air‐jet indentation system, and examining the test/retest reliability. Eight subjects with diabetes (seven males, one female), with a total of 10 foot ulcers between them, participated in the study. A total of 20 measuring sites located at the central wound bed (n=10) or peri‐ulcer areas (n=10), respectively, were evaluated with the air‐jet indentation system. Four cycles of loading and unloading, each with a duration of approximately 36 seconds at an indentation rate of 0.08 mm/s, were carried out for each indentation trial. The test/retest reliability was examined at all measuring points. The average stiffness coefficient of the peri‐ulcer area (mean±SD: 0.47±0.15 N/mm) was significantly larger than that of the central wound bed area (mean±SD: 0.35±0.23 N/mm; p=0.042). A high value for test/retest reliability was shown (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.986; Pearson's correlation: r=0.972, p<0.001). Our preliminary findings showed that the peri‐ulcer area had greater stiffness than the central wound bed. This greater magnitude of hardness and inelasticity at the peri‐ulcer region may scatter part of the contractile forces for wound contraction during the healing process. We found the novel air‐jet system to be a reliable tool for characterizing the stiffness of soft tissues around the wound in a noncontact way.
A Durability Study of a Paracorporeal Pulsatile Electro‐Mechanical Pneumatic Biventricular Assist Device
Authors: Choi Hyuk , Lee Heung‐Man , Nam Kyoung Won , Choi Jaesoon , Lee Jung‐Joo , Kim Ho Chul , Song Seung Joon , Ahn Chi Bum , Son Ho Sung , Lim Choon Hak , Son Kuk Hui , Park Yong Doo , Jeong Gi Seok , Sun Kyung 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn 2002, the paracorporeal pulsatile electro‐mechanical pneumatic ventricular assist device (VAD) began to be developed by the Korea Artificial Organ Center at Korea University under a Health & Medical Technology Research and Development program which finished in 2008. In vitro durability testing was conducted on the paracorporeal pulsatile pneumatic VAD to determine device durability and to evaluate device failures. The 1‐ and 2‐year reliability of the paracorporeal pulsatile pneumatic VAD was shown to be 91.2% and 54.9%, respectively, with an 80% confidence level. Failure modes were analyzed using fault tree analysis, with customized software continuously acquiring data during the test period. After this period, 21 in vivo animal tests were done, with 14 cases of left atrium to left ventricle (LV) inflow cannulation (36Fr)/outflow grafting to descending aorta, and seven cases of apex cannulation of LV to descending aorta (12 mm). The longest postoperative day (182 days) in Korea was recently recorded in in vivo animal testing (bovine, 90 kg, male, 3.5–4.0 L/min flow rate, and 55 bpm).
Comparison of Retention and Strain Energies of Stud Attachments for Implant Overdentures
Authors: Petropoulos Vicki C. , Mante Francis K. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract Purpose: The retentive forces and the strain energies absorbed during dislodging of implant overdenture stud attachments are useful parameters to consider in the selection of attachments. The purpose of this study was to compare the retentive forces and strain energies of the Nobel Biocare standard ball, Nobel Biocare newer generation ball (Yorba Linda, CA), Zest Anchor, Zest Anchor Advanced Generation (Escondido, CA), Sterngold‐Implamed ERA white, and Sterngold‐Implamed orange attachments (Attleboro, MA) on an implant‐retained in vitro overdenture model. Materials and Methods: The attachments were tested using two permanently placed Brånemark system implants on a test model attached to an Instron machine. Each attachment had one part embedded in a denture‐like housing, and the other part screwed into the implants. Dislodging tensile forces were applied to the housings in two directions simulating function: vertical and oblique. Eight tests were done in two directions with six specimens of each attachment. Retentive forces generated and strain energies absorbed during displacement were determined. A 1‐way ANOVA followed by the Tukey studentized range test was used to determine groups that were significantly different at the p < 0.05 level. Results: The Zest Anchor Advanced Generation attachment had significantly the highest retentive vertical and oblique forces [37.2 (5.5) N and 25.9 (3.2) N, respectively]. The Zest Anchor had the lowest vertical force [10.8 (4.2) N], and Nobel Biocare Standard had the lowest oblique retentive force [10.6 (3.0) N]. The Nobel Biocare Standard Ball attachment had the highest strain energies [29.7 × 10−3 (11.9 × 10−3) J, 30.3 × 10−3(14.3 × 10−3) J, respectively, in the vertical and oblique directions]. The Sterngold‐Implamed ERA White and Zest Anchor had the lowest strain energies [5.3 × 10−3 (3.2 × 10−3) J and 4.5 × 10−3 (1.1 × 10−3) J, respectively, in the vertical and oblique directions]. Conclusion: The retentive forces and strain energies of implant overdenture stud attachments are different and should be considered during prosthesis selection.
Pulmonary Gas Exchange and Plasma Lactate in Horses with Gastrointestinal Disease Undergoing Emergency Exploratory Laparotomy: A Comparison with an Elective Surgery Horse Population
Authors: McCoy Annette M. , Hackett Eileen S. , Wagner Ann E. , Mama Khursheed R. , Hendrickson Dean A. 
Published: May 2011

Objective:To characterize pulmonary gas exchange and arterial lactate in horses with gastrointestinal disease undergoing anesthesia, compared with elective surgical horses, and to correlate these variables with postoperative complications and mortality.Study Design:Prospective clinical study.Animals:Horses undergoing emergency laparotomy for acute intestinal disease (n=50) and healthy horses undergoing elective surgery in dorsal recumbency (n=20).Methods:Arterial blood gas analysis was performed at predetermined intervals on horses undergoing a standardized anesthetic protocol. Alveolar–arterial oxygen gradient was calculated. Predictive factors for postoperative complications and death in colic horses were determined.Results:Arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) varied widely among horses in both groups. PaO2significantly increased in the colic group after exteriorization of the ascending colon. PaO2and alveolar–arterial oxygen gradient were not significantly different between groups, and neither were correlated with horse outcome. Arterial lactate in recovery ≥5 mmol/L was associated with a 2.25 times greater relative risk of complications and lactate ≥7 mmol/L was associated with a 10.5 times higher relative risk of death.Conclusion:Colic horses in this population were not more likely to be hypoxemic than elective horses, nor was gas exchange impaired to a greater degree in colic horses relative to controls. Arterial lactate sampled immediately after anesthetic recovery was predictive for postoperative complications and death.
The risk to normal and photosensitive individuals from exposure to light from compact fluorescent lamps
Authors: Moseley Harry , Ferguson James 
Published: May 2011

Background/purpose: The incandescent electric light bulb has been in widespread use since the early part of the 20th century. There is now a strong move underway to improve lighting efficiency to cut carbon dioxide emissions. As a result, many countries have introduced legislation to phase out the use of incandescent bulbs, and these are largely being replaced with compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs). The rate at which CFLs are replacing the traditional bulbs has caused alarm among patients with light‐sensitive skin disorders as there has been very little informed discussion regarding the safety of these new lamps for this group of patients. The purpose of the present paper is to review the available literature to assess the likely impact of CFLs on the skin of normal and photosensitive individuals.Methods: All data sources were identified through searches of MEDLINE and a manual literature search.Results: The spectrum of light emitted by CFLs is different from incandescent light. In particular, some CFLs emit short wavelength UV radiation at 253.7 nm. Most published reports show that the short wavelengths can be eliminated by the use of a double envelope. There are very little data examining directly the risk to photosensitive individuals. In one study, a patient with chronic actinic dermatitis had a severe erythematous reaction from an exposure of only 2.5 min' duration.Conclusion: CFLs present a low level of risk to individuals of normal sensitivity but they are potentially harmful to photosensitive patients. We recommend the use of double envelope lamps, and consideration given to the adoption of a ‘UV‐safe’ classification scheme.
Diallyl sulfide protects against ultraviolet B‐induced skin cancers in SKH‐1 hairless mouse: analysis of early molecular events in carcinogenesis
Authors: Cherng Jaw‐Ming , Tsai Kuen‐Daw , Perng Daw‐Shyong , Wang Jeng‐Shing , Wei Cheng‐Chung , Lin Jung‐Chung 
Published: May 2011

Background: Diallyl sulfide (DAS) has been shown to have a preventive effect against various cancers.Aims and objectives: We evaluated the protective effects of DAS in regression of ultraviolet B (UVB)‐induced skin tumor formation in SKH‐1 hairless mice and its underlying early molecular biomarkers.Methods: We examined the efficacy of DAS in UVB light‐induced skin lesion in SKH‐1 hairless mice and the associated molecular events.Results: Mice irradiated with UVB at 180 mJ/cm2 twice per week elicited 100% tumor incidence at 20 weeks. The topical application of DAS before UVB irradiation caused a delay in tumor appearance, multiplicity, and size. The topical application of DAS before and immediately after a single UVB irradiation (180 mJ/cm2) resulted in a significant decrease in UVB‐induced thymine dimer‐positive cells, expression of proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick end labeling, and apoptotic sunburn cells, together with an increase in p53 and p21/Cip1‐positive cell population in the epidermis. Simultaneously, DAS also significantly inhibited nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB), cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and nitric oxide (NO) levels.Conclusions: The protective effect of DAS against photocarcinogenesis is accompanied by the down‐regulation of cell‐proliferative controls, involving thymine dimer, PCNA, apoptosis, transcription factors NF‐κB, and of inflammatory responses involving COX‐2, PGE2, and NO, and up‐regulation of p53, p21/Cip1 to prevent DNA damage and facilitate DNA repair.
The effect of 308 nm excimer laser on segmental vitiligo: a retrospective study of 80 patients with segmental vitiligo
Authors: Do Jeong Eun , Shin Jae Yong , Kim Do‐Young , Hann Seung‐Kyung , Oh Sang Ho 
Published: May 2011

Background: Segmental vitiligo (SV), which frequently accompanies poliosis, indicating a poor prognosis that is likely resistant to treatments.Objectives: In this study, we performed a retrospective analysis to evaluate the treatment response to 308 nm excimer laser in SV patients.Methods: A retrospective chart and photographic review was performed on 80 SV patients who had been treated with 308 nm excimer laser for >3 months.Results: Eighty patients with SV (mean age: 24.0 years ± 15.3, males: 50%) were included in this study. The mean grade of repigmentation was 2.3 after 20.6 months of mean treatment duration; 23.8% of 80 patients showed grade 4, 20% showed grade 3, and 56.2% showed grade 1–2 repigmentation. However, none of them achieved complete repigmentation with excimer laser. The degree of repigmentation was positively correlated with treatment duration (r=0.315, P=0.004) and cumulative ultraviolet (UV) dosage (r=0.366, P=0.001), whereas it was negatively correlated with disease duration (r=−0.265, P=0.017).Conclusion: This study suggests that SV has a better repigmentation response when excimer laser is used at earlier stages of the disease and long‐term use and high cumulative UV energy of the excimer laser elicit better responses. Additional treatments like surgical procedures in addition to excimer laser should be considered for complete repigmentation.
Effect of sealer coating on mechanical and physical properties of permanent soft lining materials
Authors: Dayrell Andreza , Takahashi Jessica , Valverde Guilherme , Consani Rafael , Ambrosano Glaucia , Mesquita Marcelo 
Published: May 2011

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2011.00487.x

Effect of sealer coating on mechanical and physical properties of permanent soft lining materialsObjective:  To evaluate the long‐term effects of sealer coating on tensile bond strength and surface roughness of soft liners.Background:  Failure of the bond between resilient liners and denture base significantly compromise the dentures’ longevity. In addition, surface roughness contributes to bacterial adherence on prosthetic materials, increasing the risk of oral infections.Methods:  Specimens were manufactured from four reliners [Mucopren Soft (MS), Dentuflex (DF); Soft Comfort Denso (SC) and Ufi Gel SC (USC)], distributed into 10 groups (n = 10), according to material and coating treatment. Tensile bond strength was performed after one year of ageing, while surface roughness was evaluated at 0, 1, 3, 6 and 12 ageing months. Bond strength data were submitted to two‐way anova and Tukey‐HSD tests, while roughness data were submitted to mixed model analysis for repeated measurements (p ≤ 0.05).Results:  MS and DF without sealer coating presented the highest tensile bond strength. After coating, DF and SC presented increased tensile bond strength. No surface roughness difference was observed in the non‐coated groups over time, acrylic‐based reliners presented higher roughness. Among coated groups, only SC presented increased surface roughness. Acrylic‐based materials presented reduced roughness at three months.Conclusion:  Surface coating was effective for acrylic reliners in maintaining their initial properties. However, sealer coating should be re‐applied every 3 months.
Salicylic Acid and its Function in Plant ImmunityF
Authors: An Chuanfu , Mou Zhonglin 
Published: May 2011

Abstract Zhonglin Mou (Corresponding author) The small phenolic compound salicylic acid (SA) plays an important regulatory role in multiple physiological processes including plant immune response. Significant progress has been made during the past two decades in understanding the SA‐mediated defense signaling network. Characterization of a number of genes functioning in SA biosynthesis, conjugation, accumulation, signaling, and crosstalk with other hormones such as jasmonic acid, ethylene, abscisic acid, auxin, gibberellic acid, cytokinin, brassinosteroid, and peptide hormones has sketched the finely tuned immune response network. Full understanding of the mechanism of plant immunity will need to take advantage of fast developing genomics tools and bioinformatics techniques. However, elucidating genetic components involved in these pathways by conventional genetics, biochemistry, and molecular biology approaches will continue to be a major task of the community. High‐throughput method for SA quantification holds the potential for isolating additional mutants related to SA‐mediated defense signaling.
PECTIN‐BASED EDIBLE COATING FOR SHELF‐LIFE EXTENSION OF ATAULFO MANGO
Authors: MOALEMIYAN MITRA , RAMASWAMY HOSAHALLI S. , MAFTOONAZAD NEDA 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTMango is a commercial but highly perishable fruit, and therefore, a longer shelf life is necessary for its successful marketing and consumer satisfaction. This study aims at evaluating the effects of edible coating, based on pectin, on the quality and shelf‐life extension of mangoes. The coating formulations included different combinations of pectin, beeswax, sorbitol and monoglyceride. The fruits were coated and stored at room temperature along with uncoated controls. Samples tested were evaluated periodically for quality parameters, which included visual observation, weight loss, respiration rate, color, firmness, pH, soluble solids (SS), titrable acidity and extent of decay. The coated‐fruits reduced the rate of color development, texture softening, weight loss, CO2 evolution and acid production (only pH and SS increased) compared with the control. The shelf life of control sample was less than a week, whereas the coated fruits remained good for over 2 weeks, thereby offering a significant advantage.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe study evaluates the use of pectin‐based edible coating for extending the shelf life of mango. The formulation is a blend of hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups to provide controlled respiration and water vapor permeability. The properties of pectin films have been highlighted in a previous paper, and several applications based on the coating have been demonstrated. The present study demonstrates that modifications to the formulation were necessary in order to successfully apply it to mango. Mango is a popular commercial product with high heritability. Simple edible coatings that can help to improve the shelf life and marketability of the product will be of significant interest in the marketing of mango products.
Black‐spot poison ivy: A rare phenomenon
Authors: Paniagua Carmen T. , Bean Ashley S. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract Purpose: To provide an overview of the clinical presentation, diagnosis, management, and treatment with advanced practice nursing implications of black‐spot poison ivy phenomenon. Data sources: Case presentation and comprehensive literature review on black‐spot poison ivy. Conclusions: Black‐spot poison ivy is a rare phenomenon and usually poses a diagnostic challenge. It usually presents after exposure to a higher concentration of uroshiol on Toxicodendron plants. Patients present with black‐spot deposits on the epidermis with underlying poison ivy dermatitis. The black deposits cannot be washed off the skin and are followed by itchy blisters. They eventually peel off and the skin heals without scarring. Implications for practice: An understanding of the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, treatment, and management of this rare phenomenon is important for the nurse practitioner (NP) to be able to make an accurate diagnosis and initiate appropriate treatment without delay. The NP's recognition and differentiation of it from other skin disorders including melanoma is paramount.
Statistical Machine Translation: A Guide for Linguists and Translators
Authors: Hearne Mary , Way Andy 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis paper presents an overview of Statistical Machine Translation (SMT), which is currently the dominant approach in Machine Translation (MT) research. In Way and Hearne (2011), we describe how central linguists and translators are to the MT process, so that SMT developers and researchers may better understand how to include these groups in continuing to advance the state‐of‐the‐art. If these constituencies are to make an impact in the field of MT, they need to know how their input is used by SMT systems. Accordingly, our objective in this paper is to present the basic principles underpinning SMT in a way that linguists and translators will find accessible and useful.