bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transduction of Neural Precursor Cells with TAT-Heat Shock Protein 70 Chaperone: Therapeutic Potential Against Ischemic Stroke after Intrastriatal and Systemic Transplantation
Authors: Doeppner Thorsten R. , Ewert Tobias A. S. , Tönges Lars , Herz Josephine , Zechariah Anil , ElAli Ayman , Ludwig Anna-Kristin , Giebel Bernd , Nagel Florian , Dietz Gunnar P. H. , Weise Jens , Hermann Dirk M. , Bähr Mathias 
Published: April 2012

AbstractNovel therapeutic concepts against cerebral ischemia focus on cell-based therapies in order to overcome some of the side effects of thrombolytic therapy. However, cell-based therapies are hampered because of restricted understanding regarding optimal cell transplantation routes and due to low survival rates of grafted cells. We therefore transplanted adult green fluorescence protein positive neural precursor cells (NPCs) either intravenously (systemic) or intrastriatally (intracerebrally) 6 hours after stroke in mice. To enhance survival of NPCs, cells were in vitro protein-transduced with TAT-heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) before transplantation followed by a systematic analysis of brain injury and underlying mechanisms depending on cell delivery routes. Transduction of NPCs with TAT-Hsp70 resulted in increased intracerebral numbers of grafted NPCs after intracerebral but not after systemic transplantation. Whereas systemic delivery of either native or transduced NPCs yielded sustained neuroprotection and induced neurological recovery, only TAT-Hsp70-transduced NPCs prevented secondary neuronal degeneration after intracerebral delivery that was associated with enhanced functional outcome. Furthermore, intracerebral transplantation of TAT-Hsp70-transduced NPCs enhanced postischemic neurogenesis and induced sustained high levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor in vivo. Neuroprotection after intracerebral cell delivery correlated with the amount of surviving NPCs. On the contrary, systemic delivery of NPCs mediated acute neuroprotection via stabilization of the blood-brain-barrier, concomitant with reduced activation of matrix metalloprotease 9 and decreased formation of reactive oxygen species. Our findings imply two different mechanisms of action of intracerebrally and systemically transplanted NPCs, indicating that systemic NPC delivery might be more feasible for translational stroke concepts, lacking a need of in vitro manipulation of NPCs to induce long-term neuroprotection.Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Concurrent enrollment in lecture and laboratory enhances student performance and retention
Authors: Matz Rebecca L. , Rothman Edward D. , Krajcik Joseph S. , Banaszak Holl Mark M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractLaboratories have been a cornerstone in teaching and learning across multiple scientific disciplines for more than 100 years. At the collegiate level, science laboratories and their corresponding lectures are often offered as separate courses, and students may not be required to concurrently enroll in both. In this study, we provide evidence that enrolling in an introductory laboratory concurrently with the corresponding lecture course enhances learning gains and retention in comparison to students who enroll in the lecture alone. We examined the impact of concurrent versus nonconcurrent enrollment on 9,438 students' withdrawal rates from and final grades in the general chemistry lecture at the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor using multiple linear and binary logistic regression analyses, respectively, at a significance level of 0.05. We found that concurrent enrollment in the lecture and laboratory positively impacts (1) the odds of retention in the lecture by 2.2 times on average and (2) final lecture grades by up to 0.19 grade points on a 4.0 scale for the lowest‐scoring students according to university‐level mathematics and chemistry placement exam scores. These data provide important results for consideration by curriculum advisors and course planners at universities that do not require concurrent enrollment in general chemistry as well as other science courses. In the face of current budget cuts that threaten to shorten or eliminate laboratory experiences altogether at multiple educational levels, this study demonstrates the value of laboratories in promoting science learning and retention. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 49: 659–682, 2012
Should great lakes city build a new power plant? How youth navigate socioscientific issues
Authors: Levine Rose Shari , Calabrese Barton Angela 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThere is a growing consensus that simply learning enough science to decipher public debates on socioscientific issues will not make citizens better equipped to handle the complex and ill‐structured problems these controversial issues present. This study highlights the interaction and complex interplay between youth authored and appropriated frames for making sense of socioscientific issues. To do so, we analyze how two middle‐school aged youth, in an after‐school program focused on green energy technologies, made sense of and took a stance on whether their city should build a new hybrid power plant over the course of a 13‐week unit. Using critical sociocultural perspectives on learning and qualitative case study, we examined how the two youth navigated the issue and the resources, scientific and otherwise, they leveraged in defining the problem spaces involved in whether their city should build a new power plant. Our findings indicate that the scientific knowledge youth brought with them and acquired over the course of the investigation influenced how they made sense of the issue, but their knowledge was deeply connected to a range of personal and public discourses that influenced how they defined the issue and why it mattered to them. In particular, it was through how they framed their range of knowledge and experiences that they were able to recognize the multi‐dimensional nature of the problem and propose complex solutions resonant with the science they understood. Our study offers conceptual tools for teaching and learning socioscientific issues. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 49: 541–567, 2012
Verfügbarkeit von Metallrohstoffen für die Dünnschicht‐Photovoltaik
Authors: Liedtke Maren 
Published: April 2012

AbstractGallium, Tellur und Indium sind wichtige Rohstoffe für die Dünnschichttechnologien, für die ein steigender Bedarf prognostiziert wird. Sie kommen nur in geringer Konzentration in der Erdkruste vor und werden nur in geringen Mengen gewonnen bzw. technologisch eingesetzt. Die Gewinnung erfolgt als Beiprodukt im Zuge der Herstellung von Industriemetallen wie Aluminium, Kupfer oder Zink. Abbau und Aufbereitung der Hauptmetalle begrenzen daher die maximale Produktionskapazität dieser Spurenmetalle. Die weltweiten Gewinnungskapazitäten für Beiprodukte sind begrenzt, und das Potenzial ihrer Gewinnung wird aus wirtschaftlichen Gründen meist nicht ausgeschöpft. Die Primärproduktion von Beiprodukten kann durch eine erhöhte Gewinnung der Hauptprodukte und durch den Ausbau von Gewinnungskapazitäten innerhalb eines bestehenden Produktionsprozesses gesteigert werden. Eine weitere Möglichkeit bietet die Gewinnung aus bisher kaum genutzten Erzen sowie aus bergbaulichen und metallurgischen Reststoffen.
PECVDTM Coatings in Industrial Applications
Authors: Seaman Walter , Madocks John , Jochum Toni 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe adoption of GPI's Linear PECVDTM process has accelerated over the last year. Several R&D and production reactor modules were installed at major companies and a turnkey in‐line system was completed. Through these installations, customers are confirming the superior deposition rate, uniformity and stability of Linear PECVDTM compared to reactive sputtering. Today Linear PECVDTM is being used to deposit oxide and nitride films on a variety of substrates. The films include SiO2, TiO2, Al22O3, SiN, ZnO, and SnO and the applications include multi‐layer AR coatings, single layer oxides and nitrides in combination with sputtered films, thin‐film solar coatings, barrier films, anti‐smudge coatings and TCO's. This progress demonstrates that GPI's Linear PECVDTM technology may soon displace reactive sputtering of oxides and nitrides for large area substrates in architectural glass, flat panel display and flexible web applications.
Optimization of protein models
Authors: Gront Dominik , Kmiecik Sebastian , Blaszczyk Maciej , Ekonomiuk Dariusz , Koliński Andrzej 
Published: April 2012

AbstractProtein structure predictions, and experimentally derived protein structures, very often require certain structure improvement (refinement), which means bringing it closer to real, usually in vivo working conformations. In respect to the variety of protein models to be refined, computational optimization procedures could be divided into localized (applied to a small part of a structure) and global (whole structure). Generally speaking, the first problem is usually tractable, and the latter remains to be extremely challenging for systems larger then peptides or small proteins: optimization complexity and difficulty dramatically increase with the size of structures to be optimized. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This article is categorized under:

Molecular and Statistical Mechanics > Molecular Dynamics and Monte-Carlo Methods
New advances in metadynamics
Authors: Sutto Ludovico , Marsili Simone , Gervasio Francesco Luigi 
Published: April 2012

AbstractMetadynamics is an algorithm for accelerating rare events and reconstructing the associated free energy surface. It works by biasing the evolution of the system by a history‐dependent potential that is adaptively constructed in the space of a suitably chosen set of collective variables. Since its first appearance, the method has been successfully applied in several domains of science. Its widespread adoption is not only due to its efficiency, flexibility, and availability but also to its continuous evolution and its combination with complementary enhanced sampling algorithms. Here, we focus on the progress made in the development of more general and powerful collective variables and on the very recent and exciting evolutions of the method. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This article is categorized under:

Molecular and Statistical Mechanics > Molecular Dynamics and Monte-Carlo Methods
Socioeconomic status and cognitive functioning: moving from correlation to causation
Authors: Duncan Greg J. , Magnuson Katherine 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA growing body of cognitive research uses sophisticated behavioral and neuroimaging measurements to demonstrate associations between family socioeconomic status (SES) and specific cognitive functions. We argue for the value in these kinds of studies of increased sophistication in the measurement and modeling of SES. With regard to measurement, SES combines several components, each of which represents distinct resources that might benefit children's cognitive development in different ways. Policy implications of studies using omnibus SES composites are problematic because there are no ‘treatments’ for enhancing overall SES, although policies abound for enhancing specific components of SES such as family income. Past literature offers guidance regarding how best to measure each of the SES components. With regard to modeling, we point out that the manipulability of economic, educational, and occupational components of SES varies, which provides opportunities for generating experimental or quasi‐experimental variation in some components but not others. Evidence on the causal connections between SES components and child outcomes is summarized. Both experimental and quasi‐experimental studies involving manipulation of family income have demonstrated consistent associations with a number of cognitive measures. Quasi‐experimental increases in maternal education have also shown associations with child achievement. We end with a discussion of useful directions in SES‐related cognitive research. WIREs Cogn Sci 2012, 3:377–386. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1176This article is categorized under:

Neuroscience > Cognition
The evolution and development of mammalian flight
Authors: Cooper Lisa Noelle , Cretekos Chris J. , Sears Karen E. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractMammals have evolved a stunning diversity of limb morphologies (e.g., wings, flippers, hands, and paws) that allowed access to a wide range of habitats. Over 50 million years ago, bats (Order Chiroptera) evolved a wing (composed of a thin membrane encasing long digits) and thereby achieved powered flight. Unfortunately, the fossil record currently lacks any transitional fossils between a rodent‐like ancestor and a winged bat. To reconstruct how this important evolutionary transition occurred, researchers have begun to employ an evolutionary developmental approach. This approach has revealed some of the embryological and molecular changes that have contributed to the evolution of the bat wing. For example, bat and mouse forelimb morphologies are similar during earliest limb development. Despite this, some key signaling centers for limb development are already divergent in bat and mouse at these early stages. Bat and mouse limb development continues to diverge, such that at later stages many differences are apparent. For example, at these later stages bats redeploy expression of toolkit genes (i.e., Fgf, Shh, Bmp, Grem) in a novel expression domain to inhibit apoptosis of the interdigital tissues. When results are taken together, a broad picture of the developmental changes that drove the transition from a hand to a wing over 50 million years ago is beginning to take shape. Moreover, studies seem to suggest that small changes in gene regulation during organogenesis can generate large evolutionary changes in phenotype. WIREs Dev Biol 2012 doi: 10.1002/wdev.50For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Successful aging: how does physical activity influence engagement with life?
Authors: Liffiton Jacqueline A. , Horton Sean , Baker Joseph , Weir Patricia L. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
With the increasing number of individuals over the age of 65 years worldwide, it is critical for society to recognize the importance of helping seniors maintain their health, physical, and cognitive functioning as well as their engagement with life. These three dimensions provide the foundation for successful aging (SA). The positive role of engagement with life has been understated to date in the literature. This review highlights the components of SA with particular emphasis on engagement and how physical activity positively impacts engagement which in turn positively influences health and physical function.
Dual-console robotic surgery: a new teaching paradigm
Authors: Smith Ashlee L. , Scott Eirwen M. , Krivak Thomas C. , Olawaiye Alexander B. , Chu Tianjiao , Richard Scott D. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Robotic surgery has emerged as an alternative option in minimally invasive gynecologic surgery. The development of the dual-console da Vinci Si Surgical System® has enabled modification of the training atmosphere. We sought to investigate operative times and surgical outcomes while operating with the dual-console model in a training environment for our first fifty cases. We identified the first fifty patients who underwent robot-assisted total hysterectomy (TRH), with or without bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO), with or without pelvic and para-aortic lymph node dissection (PPALND), by use of the dual-console robotic system. Records were reviewed for patient demographics and surgical details. All surgery was conducted using the dual-console system and performed by staff physicians and fellows. Operative time was calculated from robotic docking until completion of the procedure. Cases were identified from November 2009 through July 2010. Mean age was 56.2 years (SD 13.35, 95 % CI 52.46–59.86). Mean BMI was 29.5 (SD 7.67, 95 % CI 27.35–31.61). Seventy-eight percent of these patients were considered overweight, including 12 defined as obese (BMI 30–34.9) and 10 patients classified as morbidly obese (BMI ≥ 35). Surgery completed included PPALND alone (n = 1); radical hysterectomy (n = 1); TRH only (n = 3); TRH/BSO (n = 25); and TRH/BSO/PPALND (n = 20). Mean total operating room time was 188.8 min (SD 55.31, 95 % CI 173.45–204.11). Mean total surgical time for all cases was 118.1 min (SD 44.28, 95 % CI 105.87–130.41). Two vascular injuries were encountered, with one requiring conversion to laparotomy. These results compare favorably with historically reported outcomes from single-console systems. Utilizing the dual-console enables use of an integrated teaching and supervising environment without compromising operative times or patient outcomes.
Students’ educational needs for clinical reasoning in first clerkships
Authors: Wingelaar Thijs T. , Wagter Judith M. , Arnold Alf E. R. 
Published: April 2012

Developing clinical reasoning skills early in medical education is important.
However, research to uncover students’ educational needs for learning clinical reasoning
during clerkships is limited. The aim of our study was to investigate these needs. Focus
group discussions with an independent moderator were conducted. Students were included
directly after 10 weeks of clerkships. The (verbatim) transcripts were coded manually
and discussed by the authors until consensus was reached. Saturation was reached after
three focus groups, including 18 students in total. Statistical analysis indicated our
sample matched the approached group of 61 students. After a consistency and redundancy
check in ATLAS.ti, 79 codes could be identified. These could be grouped into seven key
themes: (1) transition to the clinical phase, (2) teaching methods, (3) learning
climate, (4) students’ motivation, (5) teacher, (6) patient and (7) strategies in
clinical reasoning. Students can adequately describe their needs; of the seven key
themes relevant to clinical reasoning five are in line with literature. The remaining
two (patient factors and the need for strategy for clinical reasoning) have not been
identified before.
Alkylresorcinol metabolites in urine correlate with the intake of whole grains and cereal fibre in free-living Swedish adults
Authors: Marklund Matti , Landberg Rikard , Andersson Agneta , Åman Per , Kamal-Eldin Afaf 
Published: April 2012

Alkylresorcinols (AR) have been established as short/medium-term biomarkers for whole grain (WG) wheat and rye intake; and AR metabolites, 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid and 3-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-propanoic acid, have been suggested as complementary biomarkers to AR. The present study examined the medium-term reproducibility and relative validity of urinary AR metabolites as biomarkers for WG and cereal fibre intake. A total of sixty-six free-living Swedes completed 3 d weighed food records and provided single 24 h urine collections and morning urine spot samples on two occasions, 2–3 months apart. The medium-term reproducibility of urinary AR metabolites was moderate when assessed in 24 h collections and lower in creatinine (CR)-adjusted morning urine. Mean AR metabolite 24 h excretions correlated well with total WG (rs 0·31–0·52, P < 0·05) and cereal fibre (rs 0·46–0·58, P < 0·001) intake on both occasions. As expected, correlations with WG (rs 0·28–0·38, P < 0·05) and cereal fibre (rs 0·35–0·42, P < 0·01) were weaker for mean CR-adjusted AR metabolite concentrations in spot samples of morning urine, although the adjusted concentrations correlated well with 24 h urinary excretion (rs 0·69–0·73, P < 0·001). Adjustment for intra-individual variations substantially improved the correlations between intake and excretion. These findings suggest that urinary AR metabolites can successfully reflect the medium-term intake of WG and cereal fibre when adjusted for intra-individual variation in this population, where rye was the major contributor to high WG intake. The performance of urinary AR metabolites as medium-term biomarkers appears to be comparable to that of fasting plasma AR concentration in this population.
Assessment and prediction of thoracic gas volume in pregnant women: an evaluation in relation to body composition assessment using air displacement plethysmography
Authors: Henriksson Pontus , Löf Marie , Forsum Elisabet 
Published: April 2012

Assessment of body fat (BF) in pregnant women is important when investigating the relationship between maternal nutrition and offspring health. Convenient and accurate body composition methods applicable during pregnancy are therefore needed. Air displacement plethysmography, as applied in Bod Pod, represents such a method since it can assess body volume (BV) which, in combination with body weight, can be used to calculate body density and body composition. However, BV must be corrected for the thoracic gas volume (TGV) of the subject. In non-pregnant women, TGV may be predicted using equations, based on height and age. It is unknown, however, whether these equations are valid during pregnancy. Thus, we measured the TGV of women in gestational week 32 (n 27) by means of plethysmography and predicted their TGV using equations established for non-pregnant women. Body weight and BV of the women was measured using Bod Pod. Predicted TGV was significantly (P = 0·033) higher than measured TGV by 6 % on average. Calculations in hypothetical women showed that this overestimation tended to be more pronounced in women with small TGV than in women with large TGV. The overestimation of TGV resulted in a small but significant (P = 0·043) overestimation of BF, equivalent to only 0·5 % BF, on average. A Bland–Altman analysis showed that the limits of agreement were narrow (from − 1·9 to 2·9 % BF). Thus, although predicted TGV was biased and too high, the effect on BF was marginal and probably unimportant in many situations.
Visual information processing dysfunction across the developmental course of early psychosis
Authors: Perez V. B. , Shafer K. M. , Cadenhead K. S. 
Published: April 2012

BackgroundPatients with schizophrenia consistently demonstrate information processing abnormalities assessed with visual masking (VM) tasks, and these deficits have been linked to clinical and functional severity. It has been suggested that VM impairments may be a vulnerability marker in individuals at risk for developing psychosis.MethodForward and backward VM performance was assessed in 72 first-episode (FE) psychosis patients, 98 subjects at risk (AR) for psychosis and 98 healthy controls (HC) using two identification tasks (with either a high- or low-energy mask) and a location task. VM was examined for stability in a subgroup (FE,n=15; AR,n=35; HC,n=21) and assessed relative to clinical and functional measures.ResultsIn the identification tasks, backward VM deficits were observed in both FE and AR relative to HC whereas forward VM deficits were only present in FE patients compared to HC. In the location task, AR subjects demonstrated superior performance in forward VM relative to HC. VM performance was stable over time, and VM deficits were associated with baseline functional measures and predicted future negative symptom severity in AR subjects.ConclusionsVisual information processing deficits, as indexed by backward VM, are present before and after the onset of frank psychosis, and probably represent a stable vulnerability marker that is associated with negative symptoms and functional decline. Additionally, the paradoxically better performance of AR subjects in select forward tasks suggests that early compensatory changes may characterize an emerging psychotic state.