bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial‐temporal variations in phytoplankton size and colored detrital matter absorption at global and regional scales, as derived from twelve years of SeaWiFS data (1998–2009)
Authors: Bricaud A. , Ciotti A. M. , Gentili B. 
Published: November 2011

A procedure has been proposed by Ciotti and Bricaud (2006) to retrieve spectral absorption coefficients of phytoplankton and colored detrital matter (CDM) from satellite radiance measurements. This was also the first procedure to estimate a size factor for phytoplankton, based on the shape of the retrieved algal absorption spectrum, and the spectral slope of CDM absorption. Applying this method to the global ocean color data set acquired by SeaWiFS over twelve years (1998–2009), allowed for a comparison of the spatial variations of chlorophyll concentration ([Chl]), algal size factor (Sf), CDM absorption coefficient (acdm) at 443 nm, and spectral slope of CDM absorption (Scdm). As expected, correlations between the derived parameters were characterized by a large scatter at the global scale. We compared temporal variability of the spatially averaged parameters over the twelve‐year period for three oceanic areas of biogeochemical importance: the Eastern Equatorial Pacific, the North Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea. In all areas, both Sf and acdm(443) showed large seasonal and interannual variations, generally correlated to those of algal biomass. The CDM maxima appeared in some occasions to last longer than those of [Chl]. The spectral slope of CDM absorption showed very large seasonal cycles consistent with photobleaching, challenging the assumption of a constant slope commonly used in bio‐optical models. In the Equatorial Pacific, the seasonal cycles of [Chl], Sf, acdm(443) and Scdm, as well as the relationships between these parameters, were strongly affected by the 1997–98 El Niño/La Niña event.
Usefulness of Olanzapine as an Adjunct to Opioid Treatment and for the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Torigoe Kazuhiro , Nakahara Kae , Rahmadi Mahardian , Yoshizawa Kazumi , Horiuchi Hiroshi , Hirayama Shigeto , Imai Satoshi , Kuzumaki Naoko , Itoh Toshimasa , Yamashita Akira , Shakunaga Kiyoshi , Yamasaki Mitsuaki , Nagase Hiroshi , Matoba Motohiro , Suzuki Tsutomu , Narita Minoru 
Published: November 2011

Background
The use of opioids for pain management is often associated with nausea and vomiting. Although conventional antipsychotics are often used to counter emesis, they can be associated with extrapyramidal symptoms. However, chronic pain can induce sleep disturbance. The authors investigated the effects of the atypical antipsychotic olanzapine on morphine-induced emesis and the sleep dysregulation associated with chronic pain.

Methods
A receptor binding assay was performed using mouse whole brain tissue. The emetic response in ferrets was evaluated by counting retching and vomiting behaviors. Catalepsy in mice was evaluated by placing both of their forepaws over a horizontal bar. Released dopamine was measured by an in vivo microdialysis study. Sleep disturbance in mice in a neuropathic pain-like state was assayed by electroencephalogram and electromyogram recordings.

Results
Olanzapine showed high affinity for muscarinic M1 receptor in brain tissue. Olanzapine decreased morphine-induced nausea and vomiting in a dose-dependent manner. However, olanzapine at a dose that had an antiemetic effect (0.03 mg/kg) did not induce catalepsy or hyperglycemia. In addition, olanzapine at this dose had no effect on the morphine-induced release of dopamine or inhibition of gastrointestinal transit. Finally, olanzapine inhibited thermal hyperalgesia and completely alleviated the sleep disturbance induced by sciatic nerve ligation.

Conclusion
These findings suggest that olanzapine may be useful for the treatment of morphine-induced emesis and as an adjunct for the treatment of neuropathic pain associated with sleep disturbance.
Cellulose Synthase-Like D1 Is Integral to Normal Cell Division, Expansion, and Leaf Development in Maize
Authors: Hunter Charles T. , Kirienko Daniel Hill , Sylvester Anne W. , Peter Gary F. , McCarty Donald R. , Koch Karen E. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The Cellulose Synthase-Like D (CslD) genes have important, although still poorly defined, roles in cell wall formation. Here, we show an unexpected involvement of CslD1 from maize (Zea mays) in cell division. Both division and expansion were altered in the narrow-organ and warty phenotypes of the csld1 mutants. Leaf width was reduced by 35%, due mainly to a 47% drop in the number of cell files across the blade. Width of other organs was also proportionally reduced. In leaf epidermis, the deficiency in lateral divisions was only partially compensated by a modest, uniform increase in cell width. Localized clusters of misdivided epidermal cells also led to the formation of warty lesions, with cell clusters bulging from the epidermal layer, and some cells expanding to volumes 75-fold greater than normal. The decreased cell divisions and localized epidermal expansions were not associated with detectable changes in the cell wall composition of csld1 leaf blades or epidermal peels, yet a greater abundance of thin, dense walls was indicated by high-resolution x-ray tomography of stems. Cell-level defects leading to wart formation were traced to sites of active cell division and expansion at the bases of leaf blades, where cytokinesis and cross-wall formation were disrupted. Flow cytometry confirmed a greater frequency of polyploid cells in basal zones of leaf blades, consistent with the disruption of cytokinesis and/or the cell cycle in csld1 mutants. Collectively, these data indicate a previously unrecognized role for CSLD activity in plant cell division, especially during early phases of cross-wall formation.
Acceptability of coupling Intermittent Preventive Treatment in infants with the Expanded Programme on Immunization in three francophone countries in Africa
Authors: de Sousa Alexandra , Rabarijaona Leon P. , Ndiaye Jean L. , Sow Doudou , Ndyiae Mouhamed , Hassan Jacques , Lambo Nilda , Adovohekpe Paul , Guidetti Flavia , Recht Judith , Affo Alphonse 
Published: November 2011

AbstractObjective  Intermittent preventive treatment in infants (IPTi) is a malaria control strategy currently recommended by WHO for implementation at scale in Africa, consisting of administration of sulphadoxine‐pyrimethamine (SP) coupled with routine immunizations offered to children under 1 year. In this study, we analysed IPTi acceptability by communities and health staff.Methods  Direct observation, in‐depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted in Benin, Madagascar and Senegal during IPTi pilot implementation. Villages were stratified by immunization coverage. Data were transcribed and analysed using NVivo7 software.Results  Communities’ knowledge of malaria aetiology and diagnosis was good, although generally villagers did not seek treatment at health centres as their first choice. Perceptions and attitudes towards IPTi were very positive among communities and health workers. A misconception that SP was an antipyretic that prevents post‐vaccinal fever contributed to IPTi’s acceptability. No refusals or negative rumours related to IPTi coupling with immunizations were identified, and IPTi did not negatively influence attitudes towards other malaria control strategies. Healthcare decisions about children, normatively made by the father, are starting to shift to educated and financially independent mothers.Discussion  Intermittent preventive treatment in infants is well accepted by providers and communities, showing a synergic acceptability when coupled with routine immunizations. However, a misconception that SP alleviates fever should be addressed when scaling up implementation.
An integrative morphological and molecular diagnostics for Typhlodromus pyri (Acari: Phytoseiidae)
Authors: Marie‐Stephane Tixier , Mireille Okassa , Serge Kreiter 
Published: November 2011

Tixier, M‐S., Okassa, M. & Kreiter, S. (2011). An integrative morphological and molecular diagnostics for Typhlodromus pyri (Acari: Phytoseiidae). —Zoologica Scripta, 41, 68–78.Phytoseiidae species are predators used in biological control programmes to limit mite pests out‐breaks in the world. Specific diagnostic is thus very important to ensure the success of pest management. This study aims to determine the species status of populations within the main species in vineyards and orchards: Typhlodromus (Typhlodromus) pyri, considering four molecular markers (COI, Cytb mtDNAs, 12SrRNA, ITSS) and 34 morphometrical characters. With the three mitochondrial DNA fragments considered, unexpected high genetic distances were observed between two groups, whereas both nuclear DNA and morphological analyses did not show such distinction. Furthermore, the GYMC and the 4 × rule tests emphasised the existence of a single species. Similarly, cross‐breeding experiments between specimens of the two groups showed no reproductive incompatibility. Therefore, despite the great intraspecific variation emphasised by the three mtDNA markers, we conclude that all the specimens considered belong to the same species. The present study clearly underlines the difficulty to conclude on species status using only mt markers and genetic distances, and stresses the necessity to apply multiple approaches for species definition. It also shows the confidence of the morphology for delineating this species.
Primed for the Spirit: Creation, Redemption and the MissioSpiritus
Authors: Yong Amos 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe focus of this article is the pneumatological foundations of Christian mission. My thesis is that the work of the Holy Spirit in creation, redemption, and eschatological salvation is central to Christian mission theology. Theology of mission is thus approached both in terms of the missio Dei more generally and the missio Spiritus more specifically. This argument for a pneumatological missiology is attentive to recent trends and developments in both theological and missiological literature. In conclusion, practical implications of such a pneumatologically oriented theology of mission are explored.
Factors controlling joint spacing in interbedded sedimentary rocks: integrating numerical models with field observations from the Monterey Formation, USA
Authors: Gross Michael R. , Fischer Mark P. , Engelder Terry , Greenfield Roy J. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Local tensile stress normal to a joint is reduced in the vicinity of the joint because such stresses are not transmitted across free surfaces. This stress reduction prevents the formation of new joints in the vicinity of existing joints, and thus influences joint spacing. Lateral extent of this stress reduction shadow increases with joint height, which corresponds to bed thickness for many sedimentary rocks. The linear correlation between joint spacing and bed thickness commonly observed in outcrop is a direct result of this relationship. However, other factors in addition to bed thickness influence joint spacing. We evaluate these factors through both a review of the Hobbs model for joint spacing and a 2D finite element simulation of a crack confined to a lithology-controlled mechanical unit. The stress reduction shadow increases in length with incresaing Young’s modulus of the jointing bed, though fracture stress, flaw size, flaw distribution and extensional strain all interact with bed thickness and elastic properties ultimately to control joint spacing. One explanation for the observed decrease in joint spacing with increasing Young’s modulus in outcrops of the Monterey Formation is that beds with higher Young’s moduli fail at lower magnitudes of extensional strain.
The power of money in dual-earner couples: A comparative study
Authors: Ludwig-Mayerhofer Wolfgang , Allmendinger Jutta , Hirseland Andreas , Schneider Werner 
Published: November 2011

Building on the notion of the ‘social nature’ of money, this article investigates how dual-earner couples in Germany, Spain, Sweden and the US handle money in their everyday lives. We analysed in-depth, open-ended interviews conducted with 45 couples in these four countries to determine whether they define money as ‘joint’ or ‘separate’ and to investigate the consequences such definitions have for couple relationships. The concept of the convertibility of money helped us to spell out these consequences in detail. In addition, we explore whether the meaning of ‘joint’ or ‘separate’ money might relate to institutionalized cultural frameworks embodied in welfare policies that vary between countries. Couples in Spain and in Sweden seem to practise a low degree of convertibility of money into other resources, but they do so for different reasons: in Spain, money tends to be considered ‘joint money’ from the outset, whereas in Sweden it is often kept ‘separate’ and outside the relationship. In contrast, in the US and Germany, money, while often classified as ‘joint’ by the couples, is more likely to be seen as each partner’s individual contribution to the relationship. Thus it can be, and often is, converted into resources such as domestic work or recognition.
Prognostic significance of hemoglobin A1c level in patients hospitalized with coronary artery disease. A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Yao , Yang Yan-min , Zhu Jun , Tan Hui-qiong , Liang Yan , Li Jian-dong 
Published: November 2011

Abstract

Background
The prognostic value of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in coronary artery disease (CAD) remains controversial. Herein, we conducted a systematic review to quantify the association between elevated HbA1c levels and all-cause mortality among patients hospitalized with CAD.

Methods
A systematic search of electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, OVID, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library) for studies published from 1970 to May 2011 was performed. Cohort, case-control studies, and randomized controlled trials that examined the effect of HbA1c on all-cause mortality were included.

Results
Twenty studies met final inclusion criteria (total n = 13, 224). From the pooled analyses, elevated HbA1c level was significantly associated with increased short-term (OR 2.32, 95% CI, 1.61 to 3.35) and long-term (OR 1.54, 95% CI, 1.23 to 1.94) mortality risk. Subgroup analyses suggested elevated HbA1c level predicted higher mortality risk in patients without diabetes (OR 1.84, 95% CI, 1.51 to 2.24). In contrast, in patients with diabetes, elevated HbA1c level was not associated with increased risk of mortality (OR 0.95, 95% CI, 0.70 to 1.28). In a risk-adjusted sensitivity analyses, elevated HbA1c was also associated with a significantly high risk of adjusted mortality in patients without diabetes (adjusted OR 1.49, 95% CI, 1.24 to 1.79), but had a borderline effect in patients with diabetes (adjusted OR 1.05, 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.11).

Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate that elevated HbA1c level is an independent risk factor for mortality in CAD patients without diabetes, but not in patients with established diabetes. Prospective studies should further investigate whether glycemic control might improve outcomes in CAD patients without previously diagnosed diabetes.
A general solution to the continuous-time estimation problem under widely linear processing
Authors: Martínez-Rodríguez Ana María , Navarro-Moreno Jesús , Fernández-Alcalá Rosa María , Ruiz-Molina Juan Carlos 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA general problem of continuous-time linear mean-square estimation of a signal under widely linear processing is studied. The main characteristic of the estimator provided is the generality of its formulation which is applicable to a broad variety of situations, including finite or infinite intervals, different types of noises (additive and/or multiplicative, white or colored, noiseless observation data, etc.), capable of solving three estimation problems (smoothing, filtering or prediction), and estimating functionals of the signal of interest (derivatives, integrals, etc.). Its feasibility from a practical standpoint and a better performance with respect to the conventional estimator obtained from strictly linear processing is also illustrated.
An Intermediate in the evolution of superfast sonic muscles
Authors: Mok Hin-Kiu , Parmentier Eric , Chiu Kuo-Hsun , Tsai Kai-En , Chiu Pai-Ho , Fine Michael L 
Published: November 2011

Abstract

Background
Intermediate forms in the evolution of new adaptations such as transitions from water to land and the evolution of flight are often poorly understood. Similarly, the evolution of superfast sonic muscles in fishes, often considered the fastest muscles in vertebrates, has been a mystery because slow bladder movement does not generate sound. Slow muscles that stretch the swimbladder and then produce sound during recoil have recently been discovered in ophidiiform fishes. Here we describe the disturbance call (produced when fish are held) and sonic mechanism in an unrelated perciform pearl perch (Glaucosomatidae) that represents an intermediate condition in the evolution of super-fast sonic muscles.

Results
The pearl perch disturbance call is a two-part sound produced by a fast sonic muscle that rapidly stretches the bladder and an antagonistic tendon-smooth muscle combination (part 1) causing the tendon and bladder to snap back (part 2) generating a higher-frequency and greater-amplitude pulse. The smooth muscle is confirmed by electron microscopy and protein analysis. To our knowledge smooth muscle attachment to a tendon is unknown in animals.

Conclusion
The pearl perch, an advanced perciform teleost unrelated to ophidiiform fishes, uses a slow type mechanism to produce the major portion of the sound pulse during recoil, but the swimbladder is stretched by a fast muscle. Similarities between the two unrelated lineages, suggest independent and convergent evolution of sonic muscles and indicate intermediate forms in the evolution of superfast muscles.
Comparison of results from tests of association in unrelated individuals with uncollapsed and collapsed sequence variants using tiled regression
Authors: Sung Heejong , Kim Yoonhee , Cai Juanliang , Cropp Cheryl D , Simpson Claire L , Li Qing , Perry Brian C , Sorant Alexa JM , Bailey-Wilson Joan E , Wilson Alexander F 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Tiled regression is an approach designed to determine the set of independent genetic variants that contribute to the variation of a quantitative trait in the presence of many highly correlated variants. In this study, we evaluate the statistical properties of the tiled regression method using the Genetic Analysis Workshop 17 data in unrelated individuals for traits Q1, Q2, and Q4. To increase the power to detect rare variants, we use two methods to collapse rare variants and compare the results with those from the uncollapsed data. In addition, we compare the tiled regression method to traditional tests of association with and without collapsed rare variants. The results show that collapsing rare variants generally improves the power to detect associations regardless of method, although only variants with the largest allelic effects could be detected. However, for traditional simple linear regression, the average estimated type I error is dependent on the trait and varies by about three orders of magnitude. The estimated type I error rate is stable for tiled regression across traits.
An aggregating U-Test for a genetic association study of quantitative traits
Authors: Li Ming , Fu Wenjiang , Lu Qing 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
We propose a novel aggregating U-test for gene-based association analysis. The method considers both rare and common variants. It adaptively searches for potential disease-susceptibility rare variants and collapses them into a single “supervariant.” A forward U-test is then used to assess the joint association of the supervariant and other common variants with quantitative traits. Using 200 simulated replicates from the Genetic Analysis Workshop 17 mini-exome data, we compare the performance of the proposed method with that of a commonly used approach, QuTie. We find that our method has an equivalent or greater power than QuTie to detect nine genes that influence the quantitative trait Q1. This new approach provides a powerful tool for detecting both common and rare variants associated with quantitative traits.
A novel method to detect rare variants using both family and unrelated case-control data
Authors: Feng Tao , Elston Robert C , Zhu Xiaofeng 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
To detect rare variants associated with a phenotype, we develop a novel statistical method that can use both family and unrelated case-control data. Unlike the currently existing methods, we first use family data to calculate weights to be given to rare variants, differentiating between concordantly affected and discordant sib pairs. These weights are then used in an association test applied to the unrelated case-control data. We applied the proposed method to the simulated sequencing data in Genetic Analysis Workshop 17 and identified two genes associated with the disease.
Stirred, not shaken: genetic structure of the intermediate snail host Oncomelania hupensis robertsoni in an historically endemic schistosomiasis area
Authors: Hauswald Anne-Kathrin , Remais Justin V , Xiao Ning , Davis George M , Lu Ding , Bale Margaret J , Wilke Thomas 
Published: November 2011

Abstract

Background

Oncomelania hupensis robertsoni is the sole intermediate host for Schistosoma japonicum in western China. Given the close co-evolutionary relationships between snail host and parasite, there is interest in understanding the distribution of distinct snail phylogroups as well as regional population structures. Therefore, this study focuses on these aspects in a re-emergent schistosomiasis area known to harbour representatives of two phylogroups - the Deyang-Mianyang area in Sichuan Province, China. Based on a combination of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, the following questions were addressed: 1) the phylogeography of the two O. h. robertsoni phylogroups, 2) regional and local population structure in space and time, and 3) patterns of local dispersal under different isolation-by-distance scenarios.

Results
The phylogenetic analyses confirmed the existence of two distinct phylogroups within O. h. robertsoni. In the study area, phylogroups appear to be separated by a mountain range. Local specimens belonging to the respective phylogroups form monophyletic clades, indicating a high degree of lineage endemicity. Molecular clock estimations reveal that local lineages are at least 0.69-1.58 million years (My) old and phylogeographical analyses demonstrate that local, watershed and regional effects contribute to population structure. For example, Analyses of Molecular Variances (AMOVAs) show that medium-scale watersheds are well reflected in population structures and Mantel tests indicate isolation-by-distance effects along waterways.

Conclusions
The analyses revealed a deep, complex and hierarchical structure in O. h. robertsoni, likely reflecting a long and diverse evolutionary history. The findings have implications for understanding disease transmission. From a co-evolutionary standpoint, the divergence of the two phylogroups raises species level questions in O. h. robertsoni and also argues for future studies relative to the distinctness of the respective parasites. The endemicity of snail lineages at the regional level supports the concept of endemic schistosomiasis areas and calls for future geospatial analyses for a better understanding of respective boundaries. Finally, local snail dispersal mainly occurs along waterways and can be best described by using cost distance, thus potentially enabling a more precise modelling of snail, and therefore, parasite dispersal.