bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cetane Number Prediction of Biodiesel from the Composition of the Fatty Acid Methyl Esters
Authors: Tong Dongmei , Hu Changwei , Jiang Kanghua , Li Yuesong 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn the present work, the measured cetane numbers (CN) of pure fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), as well as the FAME compositions and the reported CN of 59 kinds of biodiesels collected from literature were used to develop a simple model involving as more FAME component as possible for predicting CN of biodiesel from its FAME composition. Two different regression equations correlating the CN of pure FAME with the carbon number of fatty acid chain were obtained by regression analysis, which shows that the dependence of the CN on the carbon number varies with the unsaturated degree of fatty acid chain. The 59 biodiesels were divided into two categories and used, respectively to develop and test a multiple linear regression model (MLRM) correlating the CN of biodiesel with its FAME composition. A simple and convenient regression equation with a high accuracy and a good reproducibility (average absolute error of 0.49 CN for testing set and 1.52 CN for all data) were developed, showing excellent correlation (R2: 0.9904 for testing set). The model developed in the present work can be used conveniently to give a satisfactory predicted CN of biodiesel from the FAME composition.
Preliminary evaluation of implementing the Ponseti method for correction of clubfoot in Vietnam
Authors: Evans Angela Margaret 
Published: September 2010

Purpose To evaluate the short-term results of the non-surgical Ponseti method training programs run in Ho Chinh Minh City, Vietnam. Methods A questionnaire was developed and distributed to the 57 trainees who had completed one of the 3-day training courses. Results Of the 57 questionnaires distributed, 36 (63%) were completed and returned for evaluation. Most responders were continuing to use the Ponseti method for management of clubfoot. On average, each trainee had treated 16 babies with clubfoot, most of whom were less than 12 months of age, within 2 years of the initial training course and were achieving good clinical correction. The major problems identified were the inability to perform an Achilles tenotomy, lack of availability of the foot abduction splint, and parent compliance. The course materials were being used for reference and for dissemination of the Ponseti method to other clinical peers. Conclusions Evaluation of the Ponseti method training program for management of clubfoot in Vietnam revealed continued use of the technique at 12–24 months post-training. A longer term and more objective assessment of the babies/children treated and of the associated gait function and foot comfort would be beneficial.
DETERMINANTS OF INDUCED ABORTION: AN ANALYSIS OF INDIVIDUAL, HOUSEHOLD AND CONTEXTUAL FACTORS IN RAJASTHAN, INDIA
Authors: ELUL BATYA 
Published: September 2010

SummaryIn the developing world, little is known about the risk and precipitating factors for abortion, due to a dearth of community-based surveys. Most analyses of determinants of induced abortion consider only a small set of household and individual socio-demographic factors and treat abortion as an isolated outcome, which ignores its relationship with prior reproductive health behaviours and experiences. In this paper, data from a cross-sectional survey of abortion knowledge, attitudes and practices among 2571 currently married women of reproductive age in Rajasthan, India, were used to examine contextual-, household- and individual-level determinants of abortion. Bivariate probit models, which jointly determine the probability of pregnancy and the conditional probability of abortion, were used to reflect the probability of abortion as a result of interrelated and sequential events. Increased socioeconomic status and life-cycle factors were associated with both the probability of pregnancy and with the conditional likelihood of abortion. Women who reported personal networks were also more likely to terminate pregnancies, particularly if their network members purportedly had abortion experience. Community knowledge of sex-selective abortion also exerted a significant positive effect on the propensity to terminate a pregnancy. For rural women only, community beliefs regarding spousal consent requirements pre-abortion were also significantly associated with abortion.
Heterogeneity and Volatility Puzzles in International Finance
Authors: Li Tao , Muzere Mark L. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe develop an equilibrium model in a 2-country, 2-good, pure exchange economy in which investors with logarithmic utility functions have heterogeneous beliefs about exogenously given output or endowment processes. We obtain closed-form representations of real exchange rates and of stock prices. We show that heterogeneous beliefs together with heterogeneous preferences make the volatility of real exchange rates and of stocks exhibit some properties that have been well documented in the empirical literature. These properties include the high volatility of both real exchange rates and stocks compared with that of economic fundamentals, the high correlation of stocks during periods of volatile markets. The model can also generate the clustering of the volatility of foreign exchange rates and stocks if the differences of beliefs are clustering.
Validation of self-reported hearing loss using television volume
Authors: Ranganathan B , Counter P , Johnson I 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjective:To assess the diagnostic utility of using television volume as a marker for hearing loss.Study design:Prospective study using a self-administered questionnaire.Setting:ENT and audiology out-patient departments in the north of England.Participants:One hundred and seventeen patients with a history of hearing loss, undergoing pure tone audiometry for the first time.Main outcome measures:sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic accuracy, and positive and negative predictive value of television volume as a marker of hearing loss.Results:The data indicated that if the patient (or their partner or parent) reported viewing television with an increased volume, then there was a 68 per cent chance of the patient having a hearing loss of 25 dB or more. Patients reporting increased television volume had a mean hearing loss of 35 dB. Increased television volume had a sensitivity of 81 per cent and a specificity of 52 per cent as a predictor of hearing loss. Patients who increased their television volume to watch news programmes had an average hearing loss of 41 dB; increased television volume for news programmes had a sensitivity of 75 per cent and a specificity of 71 per cent as a predictor of hearing loss.Conclusions:Television volume is a useful marker of hearing loss in situations where audiometry is unavailable, for instance in a primary care setting. However, it is not a very specific test.
Easily, At a Glance: Aristotle's Political Optics
Authors: Janssens David 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn book VII of thePolitics, Aristotle requires that the best regime beeusunoptos, “easily taken in at a glance.” Throughout the history of political thought, the attendant ideal of thepolisas a compact and surveyable society was particularly influential. However, closer scrutiny of the way in which Aristotle useseusunoptossuggests that it designates aproblemrather than a solution, to wit, the problems of defining political unity and of attuning the individual and the common good. Exploring the different contexts in whicheusunoptosoccurs in Aristotle's works, this paper argues that it has political, rhetorical, and poetical meanings that cannot be entirely distinguished from each other. As such, the notion is shown to be germane to the general design of book VII, which constructs the best regime in order to bring to light the limits of politics.
Liberty, Equality, and the Boundaries of Ownership: Thomas Paine's Theory of Property Rights
Authors: Lamb Robert 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThomas Paine is customarily regarded as a pamphleteer, rhetorician, and polemicist rather than a significant political theorist. This article takes the philosophical content of Paine's thought seriously and argues that his account of property rights constitutes a distinct contribution to theoretical debates on the subject. Drawing on Paine'sAgrarian Justiceand other writings, this article shows that his theory of property defends a libertarian concern with private ownership that contains within its logic an egalitarian commitment to the redistribution of resources. Paine's justification of property is distinct from that of various other important figures in the history of ideas (including Grotius, Pufendorf, and Locke) and represents his simultaneous commitment to foundational liberal values of individual freedom and moral equality.
Architecture optimization of 4PUS+1PS parallel manipulator
Authors: Abbasnejad G. , Daniali H. M. , Fathi A. 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYThe main goal of this paper is the design of 4PUS+1PS parallel manipulator, using an optimization problem that takes into accounts the characteristics of the workspace and dexterity. The optimization problem is formulated considering constraints on actuated and passive joint limits. A comparison between quantum particle swarm Optimization (QPSO) and PSO is developed. Two numerical examples are presented, which reveal the advantages of QPSO to PSO. Moreover, it is shown that by introducing the dexterity index as a quality measure throughout the workspace, the parallel manipulator is improved at the cost of a minor reduction in its workspace.
Natural discourse reference generation reduces cognitive load in spoken systems
Authors: CAMPANA E. , TANENHAUS M. K. , ALLEN J. F. , REMINGTON R. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe generation of referring expressions is a central topic in computational linguistics. Natural referring expressions – both definite references like ‘the baseball cap’ and pronouns like ‘it’ – are dependent on discourse context. We examine the practical implications of context-dependent referring expression generation for the design ofspoken systems. Currently, not all spoken systems have the goal of generating natural referring expressions. Many researchers believe that the context-dependency of natural referring expressions actually makes systemslessusable. Using the dual-task paradigm, we demonstrate that generating natural referring expressions that are dependent on discourse context reduces cognitive load. Somewhat surprisingly, we also demonstrate that practice does not improve cognitive load in systems that generate consistent (context-independent) referring expressions. We discuss practical implications for spoken systems as well as other areas of referring expression generation.
A Shift in Scientific Literacy: Earthquakes Generate Tsunamis
Authors: Clark Scott K. 
Published: September 2010

Scientific literacy is a fundamentally important prerequisite for decision making in this global age, particularly when it comes to decisions that affect our health, environment, technological advancement, and community development. A scientifically literate populace should be proficient at reading and interpreting science news articles [National Research Council, 1996]. For this to occur, terminology in news reports needs to be scientifically accurate.As scientists, we often resign ourselves to the reality that scientific accuracy in mainstream news reports sometimes falls short of what we would hope. However, in at least one case, the use of appropriate terminology in news reports has clearly improved. Prior to the devastating 26 December 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami, nearly one in four newspaper and wire service articles that discussed earthquakes and tsunamis exclusively used the term “tidal wave” in lieu of “tsunami.” That ratio has decreased to less than one in 35 since the 26 December 2004 event. The apparent permanence of this lexical shift is demonstrated by the nearly unanimous use of the term tsunami in media reports of the 12 January 2010 Haitian and 27 February 2010 Chilean tsunamis, and provides an example of the impact natural disasters can have on scientific discourse in the news media.
Science for Humanity: Giving Generously to Our World
Authors: Sparks R. Stephen J. 
Published: September 2010

Hardly a week goes by without some reminder that we live in an age of anxiety and a world in environmental crisis. As I write this message, unusual stratospheric wind patterns in the Northern Hemisphere seem to be implicated in tragic floods in Pakistan, landslides in China, and wildfires near Moscow. The oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico reminds us of our dependence on oil, the increasing scarcity of natural resources, and the adverse environmental impact of our appetite for these resources.The Haiti earthquake earlier this year demonstrates the vulnerability of human society to the natural world. So does the small volcanic eruption in Iceland that disrupted the travel plans of millions of people and cost the aviation industry billions of dollars. Our vulnerability seems to be increasing as the world's population continues to grow, as globalization and interdependencies advance at a giddy pace, and as human societies strive for economic growth.
PubDNA Finder: a web database linking full-text articles to sequences of nucleic acids
Authors: García-Remesal Miguel , Cuevas Alejandro , Pérez-Rey David , Martín Luis , Anguita Alberto , de la Iglesia Diana , de la Calle Guillermo , Crespo José , Maojo Víctor 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Summary: PubDNA Finder is an online repository that we have created to link PubMed Central manuscripts to the sequences of nucleic acids appearing in them. It extends the search capabilities provided by PubMed Central by enabling researchers to perform advanced searches involving sequences of nucleic acids. This includes, among other features (i) searching for papers mentioning one or more specific sequences of nucleic acids and (ii) retrieving the genetic sequences appearing in different articles. These additional query capabilities are provided by a searchable index that we created by using the full text of the 176 672 papers available at PubMed Central at the time of writing and the sequences of nucleic acids appearing in them. To automatically extract the genetic sequences occurring in each paper, we used an original method we have developed. The database is updated monthly by automatically connecting to the PubMed Central FTP site to retrieve and index new manuscripts. Users can query the database via the web interface provided.
Availability: PubDNA Finder can be freely accessed at http://servet.dia.fi.upm.es:8080/pubdnafinder
Contact: mgarcia@infomed.dia.fi.upm.es
Ambiguities in the structure determination of antimony tellurides arising from almost homometric structure models and stacking disorder
Authors: Schneider Matthias N. , Seibald Markus , Lagally Patrick , Oeckler Oliver 
Published: September 2010

Ambiguities in the interpretation of both single-crystal and powder diffraction data can lead to wrong conclusions concerning the structure analysis of layered chalcogenides with interesting physical properties and potential applications. This is illustrated for binary and Pb-doped phases of the homologous series (Sb2)k(Sb2Te3)m. Almost homometric structure models for 39R-Sb10Te3[R\bar 3m,a = 4.2874 (6),c = 64.300 (16) Å,R1 = 0.0298] have been derived from initial structure solutions and crystal chemical considerations. The variation of the electron density on certain positions may further reduce the differences between the calculated diffraction patterns of non-congruent structure models as exemplified by the new compound 33R-[Sb0.978(3)Pb0.022(3)]8Te3[R\bar 3m,a = 4.2890 (10),c = 75.51 (2) Å,R1 = 0.0615]. Both compounds are long-range ordered, and in either case both `almost homometric' models can be refined equally well on experimental data sets. The models can only be distinguished by chemical analysis, as reasonable atom assignments lead to different compositions for each model. Interestingly, all structure solution attempts led to the wrong models in both cases. In addition, it is shown that stacking disorder of characteristic layers may lead to powder diffraction patterns that can be misinterpreted in terms of three-dimensional randomly disordered almost isotropic structures with a simple α-Hg-type basic structure.
Building Telepresence Systems: Translating Science Fiction Ideas into Reality
Authors: Fuchs Henry 
Published: September 2010

Many people feel that at some time in the distant future it will be possible to see and interact with remote individuals so realistically that they will appear to be standing next to us, that it will also be possible for physicians to look inside their patients and see organs and tumors, as if they possessed Superman’s X‐ray vision.Although we are far from the realization of such dreams, we are witnessing some encouraging progress toward them. For example, we understand that two aspects common to these systems are a) the acquisition and synthesis of complex 3D information (whether from cameras at a distant scene or medical imaging devices inside a patient), and b) reconstruction and presentation of the 3D information to the observer (whether a distant collaborator or a nearby physician). Early results from several institutions are encouraging.It is now possible to walk around distant scenes, although the visual data still needs to be preprocessed, the scene still needs to be static and the reconstruction still has gaps. It is possible to look inside patients, although with crude ultrasound imaging and with very limited visualization, or not naturally from the physician’s own point of view. It is not yet possible to view any of this kind of information with high degree of immersive 3D realism without wearing cumbersome visualization aids. Truly compelling realization of these long‐held dreams will take careful analysis of the remaining problems, creative thinking about new approaches, and innovative and sustained development of the required acquisition and display technologies.
Painting‐like Image Emphasis based on Human Vision Systems
Authors: Tanaka Toshimitsu , Ohnishi Noboru 
Published: September 2010

Regional image emphasis is often evident in paintings and illustrations. This technique increases local contrast while reducing global contrast by amplifying image intensity on shadowed surfaces, reducing intensity on illuminated surfaces, and then expanding contrast at intensity edges. The effects are assumed to result from the visual processing needed to interpolate the real world onto canvas. Therefore, we propose an intensity emphasis method based on human vision. This method simulates the adaptation of photoreceptor cells and the lateral inhibition of receptive fields. These attributes of a vision system are realized by computation of relative intensity and differential intensity in small areas.The proposed method can successfully generate painting‐like artifacts, which greatly improves the perception of visual elements displayed in an image. Since the method efficiently reduces the dynamic range of images, it can be used for displaying highlighted images on standard graphic monitors. Experiments on a computer‐generated image and a photograph confirm the advantages of our method.
A Million Polygons, a Million Pixels: Which is Heavier?
Authors: Sillion François X. 
Published: September 2010

The impressive progress of rendering software and hardware over the last two decades often leads to the – too rapid – conclusion that high‐quality 3D imagery can now be incorporated in all sorts of applications. Interestingly, these advances allow more and more complex applications to be envisioned: however, an increase in processing power is not necessarily used to treat the same problem faster, but also creates a desire to attack larger problems. In many ways the models for visual simulation or engineering applications grow faster than the graphics systems! recent work on image‐based rendering and modeling shows a growing awareness that traditional 3D methods may not scale well for the current and coming complexity levels.This talk will examine some of the challenges lying ahead for the development of future graphics applications. Specifically, when is it better to use pixels than polygons? when is a 3D model required? how can we mix and match competing approaches? can image‐based approaches help for different applications such as lighting simulations? some issues related to network applications will also be discussed.
Convergence and parallelism: is a new life ahead of old concepts?
Authors: Desutter‐Grandcolas Laure , Legendre Frédéric , Grandcolas Philippe , Robillard Tony , Murienne Jérôme 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn comparative biology, character observations initially separate similar and dissimilar characters. Only similar characters are considered for phylogeny reconstruction; their homology is attested in a two‐step process, firstly a priori of phylogeny reconstruction by accurate similarity statements, and secondly a posteriori of phylogeny analysis by congruence with other characters. Any pattern of non‐homology is then a homoplasy, commonly, but vaguely, associated with “convergence”. In this logical scheme, there is no way to analyze characters which look similar, but cannot meet usual criteria for homology statements, i.e., false similarity detected a priori of phylogenetic analysis, even though such characters may represent evolutionarily significant patterns of character transformations. Because phylogenies are not only patterns of taxa relationships but also references for evolutionary studies, we propose to redefine the traditional concepts of parallelism and convergence to associate patterns of non‐homology with explicit theoretical contexts: homoplasy is restricted to non‐similarity detected a posteriori of phylogeny analysis and related to parallelism; non‐similarity detected a priori of phylogenetic analysis and necessarily described by different characters would then correspond to a convergence event s. str. We propose to characterize these characters as heterologous (heterology). Heterology and homoplasy correspond to different non‐similarity patterns and processes; they are also associated with different patterns of taxa relationships: homoplasy can occur only in non‐sister group taxa; no such limit exists for heterology. The usefulness of these terms and concepts is illustrated with patterns of acoustic evolution in ensiferan insects.© The Willi Hennig Society 2005.
Can taxon‐sampling effects be minimized by using branch supports?
Authors: Hovenkamp P. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract Rydin and Källersjö (2002) found that taxon‐sampling effects were a strongly disturbing factor in a high‐level phylogenetic analysis. I have reanalyzed some of their data to assess whether bootstrap frequencies can be used to predict the stability of clades to taxon sampling, and to compare it with the performance of a stability measure based on taxon resampling (“taxon jackknifing”). High bootstrap frequencies correctly identify a small number of stable clades, but miss many other equally stable clades. When the total error rate is considered, no cut‐off level based on bootstrap frequencies performs better than using all clades in the strict consensus, whereas a slight improvement was observed when cut‐off levels based on taxon jackknifing frequencies are used.© The Willi Hennig Society 2006.