bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical predictors of driving status in Huntington's disease
Authors: Beglinger Leigh J. , Prest Luke , Mills James A. , Paulsen Jane S. , Smith Megan M. , Gonzalez‐Alegre Pedro , Rowe Kelly C. , Nopoulos Peggy , Uc Ergun Y. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe aim of this study was to identify the motor, cognitive, and behavioral determinants of driving status and risk factors for driving cessation in Huntington's disease (HD). Seventy‐four patients with HD were evaluated for cognitive, motor, psychiatric, and functional status using a standardized battery (Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale [UHDRS] and supplemental neuropsychological testing) during a research clinic visit. Chart review was used to categorize patients into two driving status categories: (1) “currently driving” included those driving and driving but with clinician recommendation to restrict, and (2) “not driving” included those with clinician recommendation to cease driving and those not currently driving because of HD. Multi‐ and univariate logistic regression was used to identify significant clinical predictors of those driving versus not driving. Global cognitive performance and UHDRS Total Functional Capacity scores provided the best predictive model of driving cessation (Nagelkerke R2 = 0.65; P < 0.0001). Measures of learning (P = 0.006) and psychomotor speed/attention (P = 0.003) accounted for the overall cognitive finding. In univariate analyses, numerous cognitive, motor, and daily functioning items were significantly associated with driving. Although driving status is associated with many aspects of the disease, results suggest that the strongest association is with cognitive performance. A detailed cognitive evaluation is an important component of multidisciplinary clinical assessment in patients with HD who are driving. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
Shell finite elements with different through‐the‐thickness kinematics for the linear analysis of cylindrical multilayered structures
Authors: Cinefra M. , Carrera E. 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYThe present paper considers the linear static analysis of composite cylindrical structures by means of a shell finite element with variable through‐the‐thickness kinematic. The refined models used are grouped in the Unified Formulation by Carrera (CUF), and they permit to accurately describe the distribution of displacements and stresses along the thickness of the multilayered shell. The shell element has nine nodes, and the mixed interpolation of tensorial components method is employed to contrast the membrane and shear locking phenomenon. Different composite cylindrical shells are analyzed, with various laminations and thickness ratios. The governing equations are derived from the principle of virtual displacement in order to apply the finite element method. The results, obtained with different theories contained in the CUF, are compared with both the elasticity solutions given in the literature and the analytical solutions obtained using Navier's method. From the analysis, one can conclude that the shell element based on the CUF is very efficient, and its use is mandatory with respect to the classical models in the study of composite structures. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adherence to transcranial Doppler screening guidelines among children with sickle cell disease
Authors: Eckrich Michael J. , Wang Winfred C. , Yang Elizabeth , Arbogast Patrick G. , Morrow Anthony , Dudley Judith A. , Ray Wayne A. , Cooper William O. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about adherence to guidelines recommending yearly screening with transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography to detect stroke risk for children with severe sickle cell disease. The objective was to determine the proportion of children with hemoglobin SS (HbSS) or sickle‐β0‐thalassemia (HbSβ0) aged 2–16 years who received recommended TCD screening from 1997 to 2008, and to identify factors associated with adherence.ProcedureA retrospective cohort study included patients enrolled in Tennessee Medicaid with HbSS or HbSβ0 who received care at the two largest sickle cell centers in Tennessee. The outcome of interest was adherence with guidelines for annual screening TCD's, identified from computer claims and validated through medical record review. The cumulative rate of children who received a TCD per year was calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to examine the association of child, family, and health care use characteristics with receiving a TCD.ResultsAmong 338 TCD eligible at‐risk children, 232 (68.6%) had at least one TCD during the study period. The yearly cumulative incidence of annual TCD's increased from 2.5% in 1997 to 68.3% in 2008. In multivariate models, calendar year, maternal education, and increased number of sickle cell related outpatient visits were associated with an increased rate of receiving a TCD.ConclusionsPublicly insured children with HbSS or HbSβ0 had increasing adherence with TCD screening guidelines between 1997 and 2008, though 31% had no TCD at all during follow‐up. Increasing number of sickle cell related outpatient visits was associated with increasing adherence to screening guidelines. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013;60:270–274. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improved care of rhabdomyosarcoma in Jordan using less intensive therapy
Authors: Al‐Jumaily Usama , Ayyad Omar , Masarweh Main , Ghandour Khalil , Almousa Abdelatif , Al‐Hussaini Maysa , Ferrari Andrea , Sultan Iyad 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe care of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is complex due to its multimodal nature. By following standard protocols with acceptable toxicity and building local expertise, better outcome should be achievable.ProcedureA retrospective study was conducted of records of patients (n = 45; 31 males; median age 26 months) with RMS treated at King Hussein Cancer Center in Jordan from January 2004 to December 2008. Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, risk stratification, treatment plan, and outcomes were studied. In June 2006, the cyclophosphamide dose was lowered from 2.2 g/m2 to 1.2 g/m2 per cycle because of the significant toxicity with higher dose. Survival rates, hematological toxicities, period of hospitalization due to febrile neutropenia (FN), and response rate at week 12 of treatment were compared between low‐ and high‐dose cyclophosphamide groups.ResultsFour‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 61% ± 7.5% and 72% ± 6.9%, respectively. There was a significant difference in outcome by risk group in 4‐year PFS (low‐risk, 88% ± 12%; intermediate‐risk 63% ± 9.3%; high‐risk, 14% ± 13%; P = 0.0001) and OS (low‐risk, 88% ± 12%; intermediate‐risk 79% ± 7.5%; high‐risk, 17% ± 15%; P = 0.0011). There was significant reduction in hematological toxicities, incidence of FN, and period of hospitalization for FN in patients given low‐dose cyclophosphamide but no significant difference in PFS between low‐ and high‐dose cyclophosphamide groups.ConclusionsSurvival rates of patients with RMS in some developing countries can be improved by following or modifying evidence‐based approaches successful in developed countries and establishing multidisciplinary strategies. Therapy intensity should be increased in developing countries only when evidence supports its utility. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 53–58. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The role of 18F‐FDG PET/CT in the metabolic characterization of lung nodules in pediatric patients with bone sarcoma
Authors: Cistaro Angela , Lopci Egesta , Gastaldo Luca , Fania Piercarlo , Brach del Prever Adalberto , Fagioli Franca 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe principal aim of this study was to identify the lowest nodule diameter and the SUVmax capable of characterizing lung nodules in pediatric patients with bone sarcoma.ProcedureEighteen consecutive bone sarcoma patients (M/F = 11:7; mean age 14 years) with suspicious lung lesions at CT were enrolled. Overall, 63 lung nodules with a mean diameter of 3.35 mm (range 1.2–39.8 mm) were investigated. 18F‐FDG PET was performed according to standard procedure using a hybrid PET/CT system and results were compared with histology and/or clinical/radiological follow‐up. For each lesion, we evaluated SUVmax, SUVratio to the mediastinal blood pool and maximum nodule diameter.ResultsOf the 63 nodules, 32 proved to be benign and 31 malignant. On a visual basis, 18F‐FDG PET had an accuracy of 88.9%, a sensitivity of 90.3%, a specificity of 87.5%, a PPV of 87.5%, and a NPV of 90.3%. ROC curve analysis of SUVmax for all nodules showed a value around 1 (>1.09) to be capable of differentiating metastases from benign lesions: sensitivity and specificity were 90.3% and 93.8%, respectively (accuracy 92.1%). Similar analysis revealed a cut‐off value around 1 (>0.83) for SUVratio (sensitivity and specificity were 90.3% and 90.6%, respectively) and a cut‐off value of ca. 6 mm (>5.8 mm) for nodule diameter (sensitivity and specificity of 90.3% and 81.3%, respectively).Conclusions18F‐FDG PET/CT is an accurate modality for the metabolic characterization of lung nodules in the pediatric population with bone sarcoma, and a SUVmax (or SUVratio) >1 is capable of discriminating malignant from benign lesions. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59: 1206–1210. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The RC scales predict psychotherapy outcomes: The predictive validity of the MMPI‐2's restructured clinical scales for psychotherapeutic outcomes
Authors: Scholte Wubbo , Tiemens Bea , Verheul Roel , Meerman Anke , Egger Jos , Hutschemaekers Giel 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the capacity of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory's (MMPI‐2) restructured clinical (RC) scales to predict treatment outcomes of inpatient psychotherapy concerning long‐term changes in the level of psychopathology for patients with personality disorders. The predictive capacity of the RC scales is compared with that of the clinical scales. The MMPI‐2 was administered at baseline. We followed up 179 patients for 36 months. The Brief Symptom Inventory measured the symptom changes between baseline and the end of the treatment as well as between baseline and 36 months. The RC2 (Low Positive Emotions) scale and RC8 (Aberrant Experiences) scale predicted lower levels of symptomatic improvements at 36 months. These scales did not have a significantly better performance than the original clinical scales. The RC2 and the 2(Depression) scale of the clinical scales predicted less improvement at 36 months. These findings emphasize that the RC scales should not be used alone or as a replacement for the clinical scales. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Roughness formation in (100) silicon during low‐energy Cs+ bombardment
Authors: Mansilla C. , Philipp P. , Wirtz T. 
Published: June 2012

In secondary ion mass spectrometry, high depth resolution for the characterization of ultra‐shallow junctions can only be obtained when making use of low‐energy primary ion bombardment. However, such analysis conditions often lead to roughness formation at the crater bottoms.In this paper, roughness formation has been studied on silicon for Cs+ bombardment on the Cameca (Gennevilliers, France)SC‐Ultra instrument. Impact energies have been changed from 250 eV up to 5 keV working in positive secondary ion polarity.The surface morphology has been characterized by atomic force microscopy. Surface roughening appeared at low primary ion fluence and continued growing at higher fluences. Ripples formed perpendicular to the plane containing the beam and the normal to the surface. Their wavelength and correlation length have been studied as a function of the experimental conditions. Both parameters increase with increasing ion fluence, and higher values of ion energy promoted more ordered rippled structures and lower values of roughness. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Are cultures endangered by climate change? Yes, but…
Authors: Strauss Sarah 
Published: June 2012

AbstractCulture, from an anthropological perspective, encompasses all learned and shared aspects of life in human societies. Included is not only ‘high culture’—the arts and literature—but also science, technology, and more practical, everyday activities and beliefs: how to plant a potato or pray for rain, to seek good luck in battle or on exams at school. Cultures are not static; they change in response to wars, plagues, new inventions—as well as to environmental and climate variability. Here we look at some of the ‘rules’ of culture, in order to explore the extent to which climate change seriously threatens cultural diversity. The most popular examples of climate change impacts on human societies focus on remote communities in the Arctic or on tropical islands, but we need to keep in mind that the fossil fuel dependent lifeways of those of us residing in the industrialized temperate zones are perhaps even more endangered, and certainly less sustainable. WIREs Clim Change 2012 doi: 10.1002/wcc.181This article is categorized under:

Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change > Values‐Based Approach to Vulnerability and Adaptation
Probabilistic may/must testing: retaining probabilities by restricted schedulers
Authors: Georgievska Sonja , Andova Suzana 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
This paper considers the probabilistic may/must testing theory for processes having external, internal, and probabilistic choices. We observe that the underlying testing equivalence is too strong and distinguishes between processes that are observationally equivalent. The problem arises from the observation that the classical compose-and-schedule approach yields unrealistic overestimation of the probabilities, a phenomenon that has been recently well studied from the point of view of compositionality, in the context of randomized protocols and in probabilistic model checking. To that end, we propose a new testing theory, aiming at preserving the probability information in a parallel context. The resulting testing equivalence is insensitive to the exact moment the internal and the probabilistic choices occur. We also give an alternative characterization of the testing preorder as a probabilistic ready-trace preorder.
Filter-embedding semiring fusion for programming with MapReduce
Authors: Emoto Kento , Fischer Sebastian , Hu Zhenjiang 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
We show that MapReduce, the de facto standard for large scale data-intensive parallel programming, can be equipped with a programming theory in calculational form. By integrating the generate-and-test programming paradigm and semirings for aggregation of results, we propose a novel parallel programming framework for MapReduce. The framework consists of two important calculation theorems: the shortcut fusion theorem of semiring homomorphisms bridges the gap between specifications and efficient implementations, and the filter-embedding theorem helps to develop parallel programs in a systematic and incremental way.
Using schedulers to test probabilistic distributed systems
Authors: Hierons Robert M. , Núñez Manuel 
Published: June 2012

Abstract

Formal methods are one of the most important approaches to increasing the confidence in the correctness of software systems. A formal specification can be used as an
oracle
in testing since one can determine whether an observed behaviour is allowed by the specification. This is an important feature of formal testing: behaviours of the system observed in testing are compared with the specification and ideally this comparison is automated. In this paper we study a formal testing framework to deal with systems that interact with their environment at physically distributed interfaces, called ports, and where choices between different possibilities are probabilistically quantified. Building on previous work, we introduce two families of schedulers to resolve nondeterministic choices among different actions of the system. The first type of schedulers, which we call
global schedulers
, resolves nondeterministic choices by representing the environment as a single global scheduler. The second type, which we call
localised schedulers
, models the environment as a set of schedulers with there being one scheduler for each port. We formally define the application of schedulers to systems and provide and study different implementation relations in this setting.
Checking noninterference in Timed CSP
Authors: Roscoe A. W. , Huang Jian 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
A well-established specification of noninterference in CSP is that, when high-level events are appropriately abstracted, the remaining low-level view is deterministic. This is not a workable definition in Timed CSP, where many processes cannot be refined to deterministic ones. We argue that in fact “deterministic” should be replaced by “maximally refined” in the definition above. We show how to automate the resulting timed noninterference check within the context of the recent extension of FDR to analyse a discrete version of Timed CSP, and how an extended theory of digitisation has the potential both to create more accurate specifications and to infer when processes are noninterfering in the more usual continuous-time semantics.
Stepwise refinement of heap-manipulating code in Chalice
Authors: Leino K. Rustan M. , Yessenov Kuat 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Stepwise refinement is a well-studied technique for developing a program from an abstract description to a concrete implementation. This paper describes a system with automated tool support for refinement, powered by a state-of-the-art verification engine that uses an SMT solver. Unlike previous refinement systems, users of the presented system interact only via declarations in the programming language. Another aspect of the system is that it accounts for dynamically allocated objects in the heap, so that data representations in an abstract program can be refined into ones that use more objects. Finally, the system uses a language with familiar imperative features, including sequential composition, loops, and recursive calls, offers a syntax with skeletons for describing program changes between refinements, and provides a mechanism for supplying witnesses when refining non-deterministic programs.
Security invariants in discrete transition systems
Authors: Hoang Thai Son 
Published: June 2012

Abstract

The Shadow semantics is a qualitative model for noninterference security for sequential programs. In this paper, we first extend the Shadow semantics to Event-B, to reason about discrete transition systems with noninterference security properties. In particular, we investigate how these security properties can be specified and proved as machine invariants. Next we highlight the role of security invariants during refinement and identify some common patterns in specifying them. Finally, we propose a practical extension to the supporting
Rodin platform
of Event-B, with the possibility of having some properties to be
invariants-by-construction
.
Worldwide Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Authors: Carrillo Maria C. , Bain Lisa J. , Frisoni Giovanni B. , Weiner Michael W. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) was launched in 2003 to speed drug development by validating imaging and blood/cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease clinical treatment trials. ADNI is a naturalistic (nontreatment) multisite longitudinal study. A true public–private partnership, the first phase of ADNI (ADNI 1) set a new standard for data sharing without embargo. In addition, it has been extended to 2017 by additional funding (North American‐ADNI Grand Opportunities and ADNI 2) as well as multiple projects around the world, collectively known as Worldwide ADNI (WW‐ADNI). The goal of WW‐ADNI is to harmonize projects and results across different geographical sites and to encourage and harmonize data management and availability to investigators around the world. WW‐ADNI projects are currently underway in North America, Europe, Japan, Australia, Korea, Taiwan, and Argentina, with a nascent program in China and a possible future program in Brazil.
Dual Inhibition of Phosphodiesterase-4 and p38 MAP Kinase: A Strategy for Treatment of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases
Authors: ALBRECHT WOLFGANG , LAUFER STEFAN 
Published: June 2012

The rationale for selecting p38α MAPK as a target for pharmacological intervention was based on the elucidation of its key role in the regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, the observations that p38α MAPK is highly activated in inflamed tissue from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and on the demonstrated anti-inflammatory efficacy of many p38 MAPK inhibitors in experimental disease models, which was associated with cytokine suppression. Unfortunately, the efficacy of all p38α MAPK inhibitors, which were advanced to clinical trials, was not superior to that of placebo. Although the exact molecular mechanism behind this unexpected outcome has not yet been elucidated, p38 MAPK is generally no longer considered as a valid target for treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases.
Inhibitors of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) are also potent anti-inflammatory drugs and many candidates were advanced to clinical development. However, in vivo, the drug-mediated PDE4-inhibition is associated with nausea and emesis as major side-effects and so far, for most PDE4-inhibitors, the therapeutic window was not big enough to achieve a significant clinical benefit at tolerated doses.
p38 MAPK inhibitors of the chemical class of pyridinylimidazoles have been intensely investigated and, since the discovery of SB203580, many derivatives with substantially improved kinase selectivity and reduced liver toxicity potential have been described. As a matter of serendipity, rather than as a result of rational design, a subset of the class of 2-methanesulfinyl imidazoles, which are less potent p38α/β MAPK inhibitors, also showed affinity to PDE4 and inhibit this target at sub-µM concentrations. Results of first experimental in-vivo models of acute and chronic inflammation suggest that a moderate inhibition of p38α MAPK contributes the anti-inflammatory effect of PDE4-inhibitors, which could translate into clinical efficacy at sub-ematogenic doses.
Does the low hole transport mass in 〈110〉 and 〈111〉 Si nanowires lead to mobility enhancements at high field and stress: A self-consistent tight-binding study
Authors: Kotlyar R. , Linton T. D. , Rios R. , Giles M. D. , Cea S. M. , Kuhn K. J. , Povolotskyi Michael , Kubis Tillmann , Klimeck Gerhard 
Published: June 2012

The hole surface roughness and phonon limited mobility in the silicon 〈100〉, 〈110〉, and 〈111〉 square nanowires under the technologically important conditions of applied gate bias and stress are studied with the self-consistent Poisson-sp3d5s*-SO tight-binding bandstructure method. Under an applied gate field, the hole carriers in a wire undergo a volume to surface inversion transition diminishing the positive effects of the high 〈110〉 and 〈111〉 valence band nonparabolicities, which are known to lead to the large gains of the phonon limited mobility at a zero field in narrow wires. Nonetheless, the hole mobility in the unstressed wires down to the 5 nm size remains competitive or shows an enhancement at high gate field over the large wire limit. Down to the studied 3 nm sizes, the hole mobility is degraded by strong surface roughness scattering in 〈100〉 and 〈110〉 wires. The 〈111〉 channels are shown to experience less surface scattering degradation. The physics of the surface roughness scattering dependence on wafer and channel orientations in a wire is discussed. The calculated uniaxial compressive channel stress gains of the hole mobility are found to reduce in the narrow wires and at the high field. This exacerbates the stressed mobility degradation with size. Nonetheless, stress gains of a factor of 2 are obtained for 〈110〉 wires down to 3 nm size at a 5×1012 cm–2 hole inversion density per gate area.