bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis and treatment of greenstick and torus fractures of the distal radius in children: A prospective randomised single blind study
Authors: Pountos Ippokratis , Clegg John , Siddiqui Asim 
Published: July 2010

Objective The management and the diagnostic modalities used in cases of undisplaced greenstick and torus fractures of the distal radius in children vary between different treatment centres. The aim of this study was twofold: firstly, to analyse the sensitivity of X-rays versus ultrasound to diagnose these fractures; secondly, to compare three available treatment options (plaster cast, Futuro splints, and double Tubigrip) in terms of pain, analgesia requirements, grip strength, deformity, stiffness and interference with a child's activities of daily living. Methods We prospectively included 79 patients suffering from undisplaced greenstick and torus fractures of the distal radius. Patients were randomized (single blindly) to the studied treatment groups. Results In terms of diagnosis, the ultrasound was found to be more sensitive than X-rays for diagnosing these fractures. Our results also showed that Tubigrip was superior in terms of interference with a child's ADLs, stiffness and grip strength. However, there was no difference in the levels of pain, analgesia required, and deformity. Conclusion These results support the idea that ultrasound is an effective and sensitive tool for detecting undisplaced greenstick and torus fractures of the distal radius in children. Treating these fractures with functional nonrigid devices (Tubigrip) results in improved function without increased discomfort or deformity.
Soins de longue durée dans la région de St. John's: Incidence du point d'admission unique et prévision du besoin de lits
Authors: McDonald Jacqueline , Hibbs Jennette , Reddy Madhuri , Stuckless Susan , O'Reilly Daria , Barrett Brendan J. , Parfrey Patrick S. 
Published: July 2010

En 1996 la région de St. John's comptait une population de 8 435 personnes âgées de plus de 75 ans, 996 lits dans des foyers de soins infirmiers (FSI) et 550 lits de soins sous surveillance (SSS). Un système d'admission à point unique à ces établissements a été mis en œuvre en 1995. Afin de déterminer l'incidence du système d'admission à point unique, les caractéristiques démographiques et cliniques des résidents de FSI ont été évaluées en 1997 (N = 1 044) et en 2003 (N = 963). Afin de déterminer l'efficacité du placement et le besoin de lits de soins de longue durée, deux cohortes d'incidents nécessitant un placement ont été étudiées en 1995–1996 (N = 467) et en 1999–2000 (N = 464). Le niveau de déficience a été déterminé à l'aide de la classification des Resource Utilization Groups III (RUG-III) et l'Alberta Resident Classification Score (ARCS), puis le temps écoulé entre le placement et le décès a été mesuré. Chez les résidents courants des FSI le pourcentage de clients ne souffrant d'aucune déficience aux termes de la classification RUGS-III a diminué de 18,5 % en 1997 et de 9,9 % en 2003. La proportion recommandée de ces clients dans les FSI était de 75 % en 1995–1996 et de 72 % en 1999–2000, malgré le fait que la proportion de résidents atteints d'une déficience aux termes de la classification RUGS-III était de 64 % au cours des deux périodes. À l'aide d'un arbre de décision, un placement optimal pour la cohorte de 1999–2000 a été établi à 36 % dans les établissements de SSS, à 20 % pour les résidents de SSS souffrant de facultés cognitives altérées et à 44 % dans les FSI. Le besoin prévu de lits de soins de longue durée en 2004 ne correspondait que faiblement à l'inventaire actuel de lits de FSI et de SSS et ce manque à gagner sera bien pire en 2014. Nous avons conclu que le système d'admission à point unique était associé à une utilisation améliorée des lits en FSI de façon appropriée. Cependant, il y avait un manque à combler dans le besoin de lits de soins de longue durée en établissement et l'inventaire de ces lits. Un investissement dans la reconfiguration des lits de soins de longue durée par composition de la clientèle et par géographie est nécessaire.
Planning the Restructuring of Long-Term Care: The Demand, Need and Provision of Institutional Long-Term Care Beds in Newfoundland and Labrador
Authors: Hughes Nicole , McDonald Jacqueline , Barrett Brendan , Parfrey Patrick 
Published: July 2010

The Canadian population is aging. In Newfoundland and Labrador, nursing homes and supervised care facilities provide Long-Term Care (LTC). There may be a mismatch between the provision of LTC beds and clients' needs. To compare the type and annual rate of clients seeking placement to LTC, incident annual cohorts (N = 1,496) in five provincial health regions within Newfoundland and Labrador were compared using objective measures of disability. Client need was assessed using a decision tree and the optimal distribution of LTC beds was determined. Within the four island regions, little difference was observed in degree of disability, but Labrador clients differed from the island regions in age, degree and type of disability. A decision tree suggested that optimal placement was 7% to housing, 34% to supervised care, 17% to supervised care for cognitive impairment and 42% to nursing home care. In Newfoundland and Labrador, institutional LTC is dependent on nursing homes, whereas the major need is for appropriate supervised care for those with modest disability, with or without cognitive impairment. Different approaches to restructuring of long-term care in each region are necessary because of the differences in rates of presentation for LTC and differences in availability of nursing home and appropriate supervised care beds.
Planification de la restructuration des soins de longue durée: La demande, les besoins et la prestation de soins médicaux prolongés en centre hospitalier à Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador
Authors: Hughes Nicole , McDonald Jacqueline , Barrett Brendan , Parfrey Patrick 
Published: July 2010

La population canadienne est vieillissante. À Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador, les maisons de soins infirmiers et les centres de santé supervisés offrent des soins de longue durée (SLD). Il peut y avoir une disparité entre l'offre de lits pour soins de longue durée et les besoins des clients. Afin de comparer le genre et le taux annuel de clients à la recherche d'un placement en SLD, les cohortes annuelles (N = 1 496) de cinq régions des services de santé provinciaux de Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador ont été comparées en utilisant des mesures objectives d'invalidité. Les besoins des clients ont été évalués à l'aide d'un arbre de décision et la répartition optimale des lits de SLD a été déterminée. Dans les quatre régions, une petite différence a été observée en ce qui concerne le niveau d'invalidité. Toutefois, les clients du Labrador différaient de ceux des régions insulaires en âge, en intensité et en genre d'invalidité. Un arbre de décision a suggéré que le placement optimal était de 7% pour l'hébergement, de 34% pour les soins supervisés, de 17% pour les soins supervisés pour les déficiences cognitives et de 42% pour les soins infirmiers à domicile. À Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador, les SLD en centre hospitalier reposent sur les maisons de soins infirmiers, alors que le principal besoin se situe sur le plan des soins supervisés destinés aux personnes souffrant d'une légère invalidité, avec ou sans déficience cognitive. Afin de restructurer les soins de longue durée, diverses approches sont nécessaires en raison de l'incidence de SLD et des disparités en ce qui a trait à la disponibilité des maisons de soins infirmiers et de lits de soins supervisés appropriés.
Sink strength in relation to growth of superior and inferior grains within a wheat spike
Authors: YAN S. , LI W. , YIN Y. , WANG Z. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYStarch is a major component of wheat grain and, to a great extent, determines the grain weight. Starch accumulation in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is closely associated with sink strength. Four winter wheat cultivars, Lumai 21 and Jimai 20 (compact-spike cultivars) and Shannong 1391 and Shannong 12 (loose-spike cultivars) were grown to evaluate the amylose and amylopectin accumulation in both superior and inferior grains (higher and lower individual grain weight, respectively) and the relationship between starch accumulation and sink strength. In general, superior grains showed a higher starch accumulation rate, endosperm cell number and activity of enzymes including sucrose synthase (SS), uridine diphosphorate glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGPP), adenosine diphosphorate glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPP), soluble starch synthase (SSS) and granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS), and subsequently produced higher starch accumulation and grain weight than inferior grains. Greater differences in starch accumulation and grain weight were found between the two classes of grains for compact-spike cultivars than between those for loose-spike cultivars. These results suggest that the grain sink strength, determined by endosperm cell number and the activity of synthesis-related enzymes, is closely associated with starch accumulation in superior and inferior grains on a wheat spike.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms, putatively neutral DNA markers and population genetic parameters in IndianPlasmodium vivaxisolates
Authors: GUPTA BHAVNA , DASH ADITYA P. , SHRIVASTAVA NALINI , DAS APARUP 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYWith a view to developing putatively neutral markers based on Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the human malaria parasite,Plasmodium vivax, we utilized the published whole genome sequence information ofP. falciparumandP. vivaxto find a ~200 kb conserved syntenic region between these two species. We have selected 27 non-coding DNA fragments (in introns and intergenic regions) of variable length (300–750 bp) inP. vivaxin this syntenic region. PCR ofP. vivaxisolates of a population sample from India could successfully amplify 17 fragments. Subsequently, DNA sequencing and sequence analysis confirmed the polymorphic status of only 11 fragments. Altogether, 18 SNPs were detected and 2 different measures of nucleotide diversity showed variable patterns across different fragments; in general, introns were less variable than the intergenic regions. All 11 polymorphic fragments were found to be evolving according to a neutral equilibrium model and thus could be utilized as putatively neutral markers for population genetic studies inP. vivax. Different molecular population genetics parameters were also estimated, providing initial insight into the population genetics of IndianP. vivax.
Life events and borderline personality features: the influence of gene–environment interaction and gene–environment correlation
Authors: Distel M. A. , Middeldorp C. M. , Trull T. J. , Derom C. A. , Willemsen G. , Boomsma D. I. 
Published: July 2010

BackgroundTraumatic life events are generally more common in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) than in non-patients or patients with other personality disorders. This study investigates whether exposure to life events moderates the genetic architecture of BPD features. As the presence of genotype–environment correlation (rGE) can lead to spurious findings of genotype–environment interaction (G×E), we also test whether BPD features increase the likelihood of exposure to life events.MethodThe extent to which an individual is at risk to develop BPD was assessed with the Personality Assessment Inventory – Borderline features scale (PAI-BOR). Life events under study were a divorce/break-up, traffic accident, violent assault, sexual assault, robbery and job loss. Data were available for 5083 twins and 1285 non-twin siblings. Gene–environment interaction and correlation were assessed by using structural equation modelling (SEM) and the co-twin control design.ResultsThere was evidence for both gene–environment interaction and correlation. Additive genetic influences on BPD features interacted with the exposure to sexual assault, with genetic variance being lower in exposed individuals. In individuals who had experienced a divorce/break-up, violent assault, sexual assault or job loss, environmental variance for BPD features was higher, leading to a lower heritability of BPD features in exposed individuals. Gene–environment correlation was present for some life events. The genes that influence BPD features thus also increased the likelihood of being exposed to certain life events.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this study is the first to test the joint effect of genetic and environmental influences and the exposure to life events on BPD features in the general population. Our results indicate the importance of both genetic vulnerability and life events.
Analogous analogies? Thomas Aquinas and Karl Barth
Authors: Furry Timothy J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis article attempts to show that Karl Barth and Thomas Aquinas are not as divergent as often thought. Taking Eugene Rogers's argument as a working hypothesis, I argue for two points of convergence between Barth and Aquinas, specifically on their understandings of analogy. First, both root analogy in christology. Using Christ as the great magister, Aquinas shows how Christ teaches us to see him, despite its difficulty, in his trinitarian divinity. Barth, using the imagery of the prodigal son, discusses how the incarnation places humanity in an ontological relationship within God's own dialogue within the Trinity. Second, both understand analogy as a theological practice, not a metaphysical mechanism or abstract doctrine, though metaphysics and doctrine are at play in their work. Both Aquinas and Barth attempt to train their readers in the judgement necessary to speak truthfully about God. This analogical relationship between Barth and Aquinas I call the analogia Christi.
Précis ofThe creative mind: Myths and mechanisms
Authors: Boden Margaret A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWhat is creativity? One new idea may be creative, whereas another is merely new: What's the difference? And how is creativity possible? These questions about human creativity can be answered, at least in outline, using computational concepts. There are two broad types of creativity, improbabilist and impossibilist. Improbabilist creativity involves (positively valued) novel combinations of familiar ideas. A deeper type involves METCS: the mapping, exploration, and transformation of conceptual spaces. It is impossibilist, in that ideas may be generated which – with respect to the particular conceptual space concerned – could not have been generated before. (They are made possible by some transformation of the space.) The more clearly conceptual spaces can be defined, the better we can identify creative ideas. Defining conceptual spaces is done by musicologists, literary critics, and historians of art and science. Humanist studies, rich in intuitive subtleties, can be complemented by the comparative rigour of a computational approach. Computational modelling can help to define a space, and to show how it may be mapped, explored, and transformed. Impossibilist creativity can be thought of in “classical” Al terms, whereas connectionism illuminates improbabilist creativity. Most Al models of creativity can only explore spaces, not transform them, because they have no self-reflexive maps enabling them to change their own rules. A few, however, can do so. A scientific understanding of creativity does not destroy our wonder at it, nor does it make creative ideas predictable. Demystification does not imply dehumanization.
The effect of chromatic and luminance information on reaction times
Authors: O’DONELL BEATRIZ M. , BARRAZA JOSE F. , COLOMBO ELISA M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe present a series of experiments exploring the effect of chromaticity on reaction time (RT) for a variety of stimulus conditions, including chromatic and luminance contrast, luminance, and size. The chromaticity of these stimuli was varied along a series of vectors in color space that included the two chromatic-opponent-cone axes, a red–green (L–M) axis and a blue–yellow [S − (L + M)] axis, and intermediate noncardinal orientations, as well as the luminance axis (L + M). For Weber luminance contrasts above 10–20%, RTs tend to the same asymptote, irrespective of chromatic direction. At lower luminance contrast, the addition of chromatic information shortens the RT. RTs are strongly influenced by stimulus size when the chromatic stimulus is modulated along the [S − (L + M)] pathway and by stimulus size and adaptation luminance for the (L–M) pathway. RTs are independent of stimulus size for stimuli larger than 0.5 deg. Data are modeled with a modified version of Pieron’s formula with an exponent close to 2, in which the stimulus intensity term is replaced by a factor that considers the relative effects of chromatic and achromatic information, as indexed by the RMS (square-root of the cone contrast) value at isoluminance and the Weber luminance contrast, respectively. The parameters of the model reveal how RT is linked to stimulus size, chromatic channels, and adaptation luminance and how they can be interpreted in terms of two chromatic mechanisms. This equation predicts that, for isoluminance, RTs for a stimulus lying on the S-cone pathway are higher than those for a stimulus lying on the L–M-cone pathway, for a given RMS cone contrast. The equation also predicts an asymptotic trend to the RT for an achromatic stimulus when the luminance contrast is sufficiently large.
Dual frequency coaxial rotary joint with multi-stepped transition
Authors: Chakrabarty Soumyabrata , Singh Vijay Kumar , Sharma Shashi Bhusan 
Published: July 2010

The present paper presents the design and development of a dual-channel microwave rotary joint using coaxial waveguide as primary waveguide and rectangular waveguide as the secondary waveguide. Design is presented at 5.85–7.02 GHz with 20% bandwidth and at 14–14.5 GHz bands with 3.6% bandwidth using dual channel mode transducers exciting transverse electromagnetic (TEM) mode in the coaxial waveguide. Rectangular to coaxial waveguide transitions employing multi-stepped doorknob transitions are used to excite the TEM mode from the rectangular waveguide. The measured results for electrical parameters such as return loss, insertion loss of the dual-channel rotary joint are presented with 360° rotation of the rotary part with respect to the stator part.
A Historical Perspective of Voice Management: 1940-1970
Authors: Boone Daniel R. 
Published: July 2010

Purpose: To provide the current speech-language pathologist with a historical perspective of voice management of children and adults in the time period 1940-1970, employing both literature citation and personal anecdotal experience.
Method: Each decade of the time period 1940-1970 has been reviewed specific to available literature, descriptions of existing clinical voice services available, and the personal academic and clinical training of the author and his subsequent professional experiences. Equipment availability for use in measurement and treatment of respiratory and resonance problems was well established in the 1940s and early 1950s. Equipment for measuring voice pitch and voice quality arrived much later. For much of this time period, the treatment of vocal hyperfunction was primarily provided by psychologists and psychiatrists.
Results: As we review the practice of clinical voice 40-60 years ago, we appreciate this past influence on what we do today in voice management.
Conclusions: Without the benefit of computer assist and related instrumentation that we have today, voice management in past time periods appears to have been remarkably successful.
Rethinking the firm's mission and purpose
Authors: Jordi Canals L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe dominant notion of the firm in Management theory is mostly borrowed from Economics and assumes that firms maximize profits or market value. This notion may be at the roots of today's basic problems in corporations. The current financial crisis has laid them bare. That notion is coherent neither with a broader view of human nature, nor with a wider perspective on the purpose of the firm. Moreover, this hypothesis may have negative effects on firms' leadership and governance, making the role of senior executives in society unattractive, and may erode corporate reputation. In this paper, we review those arguments and present a more comprehensive view of the firm.
Fast transforms: Banded matrices with banded inverses
Authors: Strang Gilbert 
Published: July 2010

It is unusual for both
A
and
A
-1
to be banded—but this can be a valuable property in applications. Block-diagonal matrices
F
are the simplest examples; wavelet transforms are more subtle. We show that every example can be factored into
A
=
F
1
…
F

N

where
N
is controlled by the bandwidths of
A
and
A
-1
(but not by their size, so this extends to infinite matrices and leads to new matrix groups).
CIVIL SOCIETY IN THE OLD AND NEW MEMBER STATES
Authors: Lane David 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT
The paper examines the significance of ‘civil society’ promotion as a component of the new modes of governance proposed within the EU and its member states. The concept of civil society has had different meanings and roles in the evolution of the old and post-communist new EU members. ‘Civil society’ is analysed as a form of political coordination under capitalism; as a reform ideology in the process of opposition under communism; as a policy legitimising democratisation; and as an ideological component of neo-liberalism in the enlargement of the European Union. The paper proposes a model distinguishing the different roles played by ‘civil society’ discourse in the transformation of state socialism. In the post-state socialist societies a process of democracy promotion has included the sponsorship of civil society. Analysed empirically, significant differences are shown between the nature of civil society organisations in the old EU member states, new members and post socialist non-members. These data indicate the important changes which have taken place in the new member states. However, in the context of the post-socialist states, in which traditional forms of government have been weakened, there are significant structural weaknesses in civil society organisations. It is shown that there is a serious deficiency with respect to the efficacy of civil society associations as agents in the democratising process, as well as for the articulation and defence of community interests. It is argued that furthering ‘civil society’ forms of participation and management are a part of a neo-liberal economic and political agenda. It is concluded that strengthening democratic state forms of administration and coordination should be major policy concerns.