bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sequential Binding of αvβ3 and ICAM-1 Determines Fibrin-Mediated Melanoma Capture and Stable Adhesion to CD11b/CD18 on Neutrophils
Authors: Zhang Pu , Ozdemir Tugba , Chung Chin-Ying , Robertson Gavin P. , Dong Cheng 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Fibrin (Fn) deposition defines several type 1 immune responses, including delayed-type hypersensitivity and autoimmunity in which polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) are involved. Fn monomer and fibrinogen are multivalent ligands for a variety of cell receptors during cell adhesion. These cell receptors provide critical linkage among thrombosis, inflammation, and cancer metastasis under venous flow conditions. However, the mechanisms of Fn-mediated interactions among immune cells and circulating tumor cells remain elusive. By using a cone-plate viscometer shear assay and dual-color flow cytometry, we demonstrated that soluble fibrinogen and Fn had different abilities to enhance heterotypic aggregation between PMNs and Lu1205 melanoma cells in a shear flow, regulated by thrombin levels. In addition, the involvement of integrin αvβ3, ICAM-1, and CD11b/CD18 (Mac-1) in fibrin(ogen)-mediated melanoma–PMN aggregations was explored. Kinetic studies provided evidence that ICAM-1 mediated initial capture of melanoma cells by PMNs, whereas αvβ3 played a role in sustained adhesion of the two cell types at a shear rate of 62.5 s−1. Quantitative analysis of the melanoma–PMN interactions conducted by a parallel-plate flow chamber assay further revealed that at a shear rate of 20 s−1, αvβ3 had enough contact time to form bonds with Mac-1 via Fn, which could not otherwise occur at a shear rate higher than 62.5 s−1. Our studies have captured a novel finding that leukocytes could be recruited to tumor cells via thrombin-mediated Fn formation within a tumor microenvironment, and αvβ3 and ICAM-1 may participate in multistep fibrin(ogen)-mediated melanoma cell adhesion within the circulation.
Persistent Survival of Prevalent Clonotypes within an Immunodominant HIV Gag-Specific CD8+ T Cell Response
Authors: van Bockel David J. , Price David A. , Munier Mee Ling , Venturi Vanessa , Asher Tedi E. , Ladell Kristin , Greenaway Hui Yee , Zaunders John , Douek Daniel C. , Cooper David A. , Davenport Miles P. , Kelleher Anthony D. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
CD8+ T cells play a significant role in the control of HIV replication, yet the associated qualitative and quantitative factors that determine the outcome of infection remain obscure. In this study, we examined Ag-specific CD8+ TCR repertoires longitudinally in a cohort of HLA-B*2705+ long-term nonprogressors with chronic HIV-1 infection using a combination of molecular clonotype analysis and polychromatic flow cytometry. In each case, CD8+ T cell populations specific for the immunodominant p24 Gag epitope KRWIILGLNK (KK10; residues 263–272) and naturally occurring variants thereof, restricted by HLA-B*2705, were studied at multiple time points; in addition, comparative data were collected for CD8+ T cell populations specific for the CMV pp65 epitope NLVPMVATV (NV9; residues 495–503), restricted by HLA-A*0201. Dominant KK10-specific clonotypes persisted for several years and exhibited greater stability than their contemporaneous NV9-specific counterparts. Furthermore, these dominant KK10-specific clonotypes exhibited cross-reactivity with antigenic variants and expressed significantly higher levels of CD127 (IL-7Rα) and Bcl-2. Of note, we also found evidence that promiscuous TCR α-chain pairing associated with alterations in fine specificity for KK10 variants could contribute to TCR β-chain prevalence. Taken together, these data suggest that an antiapoptotic phenotype and the ability to cross-recognize variant epitopes contribute to clonotype longevity and selection within the peripheral memory T cell pool in the presence of persistent infection with a genetically unstable virus.
H2 Control of Natural T Regulatory Cell Frequency in the Lymph Node Correlates with Susceptibility to Day 3 Thymectomy-Induced Autoimmune Disease
Authors: del Rio Roxana , Sun Yuefang , Alard Pascale , Tung Kenneth S. K. , Teuscher Cory 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Day 3 thymectomy (D3Tx) results in a loss of peripheral tolerance mediated by natural regulatory T cells (nTregs) and development of autoimmune ovarian dysgenesis (AOD) and autoimmune dacryoadenitis (ADA) in A/J and (C57BL/6J × A/J) F1 hybrids (B6A), but not in C57BL/6J (B6) mice. Previously, using quantitative trait locus (QTL) linkage analysis, we showed that D3Tx-AOD is controlled by five unlinked QTL (Aod1-Aod5) and H2. In this study, using D3Tx B6-ChrA/J/NaJ chromosome (Chr) substitution strains, we confirm that QTL on Chr16 (Aod1a/Aod1b), Chr3 (Aod2), Chr1 (Aod3), Chr2 (Aod4), Chr7 (Aod5), and Chr17 (H2) control D3Tx-AOD susceptibility. In addition, we also present data mapping QTL controlling D3Tx-ADA to Chr17 (Ada1/H2), Chr1 (Ada2), and Chr3 (Ada3). Importantly, B6-ChrXA/J mice were as resistant to D3Tx-AOD and D3Tx-ADA as B6 mice, thereby excluding Foxp3 as a susceptibility gene in these models. Moreover, we report quantitative differences in the frequency of nTregs in the lymph nodes (LNs), but not spleen or thymus, of AOD/ADA-resistant B6 and AOD/ADA-susceptible A/J, B6A, and B6-Chr17A/J mice. Similar results correlating with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and orchitis susceptibility were seen with B10.S and SJL/J mice. Using H2-congenic mice, we show that the observed difference in frequency of LN nTregs is controlled by Ada1/H2. These data support the existence of an LN-specific, H2-controlled mechanism regulating the prevalence of nTregs in autoimmune disease susceptibility.
The Nonexistence of Certain Finite Projective Planes
Authors: Bruck R. H. , Ryser H. J. 
Published: December 2010

A projective plane geometry π is a mathematical system composed of undefined elements called points and undefined sets of points (at least two in number) called lines, subject to the following three postulates:(P1) Two distinct points are contained in a unique line.(P2) Two distinct lines contain a unique common point.(P3) Each line contains at least three points.
Helly's Theorems on Convex Domains and Tchebycheff's Approximation Problem
Authors: Rademacher Hans , Schoenberg I. J. 
Published: December 2010

Professor Dresden called to our attention the following theorem :If S1, S2, … , Sm are m line segments parallel to the y-axis, all of equal lengths, whose projections on the x-axis are equally spaced, and if we assume that a straight line can be made to intersect every set of three among these segments, then there exists a straight line intersecting all the segments.
Three Facially-Regular Polyhedra
Authors: Apsimon Hugh 
Published: December 2010

H. S. M. Coxeter has shown the existence of three infinite regular polyhedra, and has proved that there are no infinite regular polyhedra other than these. In his paper he gives the definition of regularity of a polyhedron :A polyhedron is said to be regular if it possesses two particular symmetries: one which cyclically permutes the vertices ox any face c, and one which cyclically permutes the faces that meet at a vertex C, C being a vertex of c.
A Property of Farey Sequences, With Applications to qTH Power Residues
Authors: Porcelli Pasquale , Pall Gordon 
Published: December 2010

The Farey sequence of order h — 1 consists of the reduced rational fractions
from 0 to 1 inclusive, with denominators less than h, and arranged in order of
magnitude. Thus, if h = 6, the sequence is
(1) 0/1,1/5, 1/4,1/3, 2/5, 1/2, 3/5, 2/3, 3/4, 4/5, 1/1.
Substitution Groups of Formal Power Series
Authors: Jennings S. A. 
Published: December 2010

In this paper we are concerned with the group of formal power series of the form,the coefficients being elements of a commutative ring R and the group operation being substitution. Little seems to be known of the properties of groups of this type, except in special cases, although groups of formal power series in several variables with complex coefficients have been investigated from a different point of view by Bochner and Martin (1, chap. I) and Gotô (2).
The Maximal Prime Divisors of Linear Recurrences
Authors: Ward Morgan 
Published: December 2010

Let(W): W0, W1,…, Wn,…be a linear integral recurring sequence of order r ≥ 2; that is, a particular solution of the recurrence(1.1) ,where P1, P2,… , Pr ≠ 0 are integers, and the initial values W0, W1, … , Wr−1 are integers.
Some Relations Between Various Types of Normality of Numbers
Authors: Hanson H. A. 
Published: December 2010

In this paper certain relations will be proved between ∊-normality of integers, (k, ∊)-normality of integers, and normality of real numbers. Also a new type of normality of numbers will be introduced, namely, quasi-normality, as defined below.A simply normal number is a real number, expressed in some scale B, in which each digit of the scale B occurs with the asymptotic frequency 1/B.
Remarks On Finite Groups Defined By Generating Relations
Authors: Frucht Robert 
Published: December 2010

1. Introduction. After establishing aduplication principle(§2) which enables us to derive a group of order 2h with k + 1 involutory generators from any group of order h with k generators, we shall prove the followingcombination principle :Letandbe two groups, each havingkgenerators, such that the rth generators ofandhave relatively prime periods for each r from 1 to k.
A Class Of Permutation Groups Of Prime Degree
Authors: Fryer K. D. 
Published: December 2010

In (1), using the theory of group representations, Brauer studied groups of finite order g containing elements A of prime period p which commute only with their own powers Ai. If is a p-Sylow subgroup of , the normalizer can be generated by A and another element B such that1.1,where ϒ is a primitive root (mod p), and t and q are positive integers such
that1.2 tq = p − 1.
The Existence of a Distribution Function for an Error Term Related to the Euler Function
Authors: Erdös Paul , Shapiro H. N. 
Published: December 2010

The average order of the Euler function ϕ(n), the number of integers less than n which are relatively prime to n, raises many difficult and still unanswered questions. Thus, for1.1,and1.2,it is known that R(x) = O(x log x) and H(x) = O(log x). However, though these results are quite old, they were not improved until recently.
The Group Ring Of a Class Of Infinite Nilpotent Groups
Authors: Jennings S. A. 
Published: December 2010

Introduction. In this paper we study the (discrete) group ring Γ of a finitely generated torsion free nilpotent groupover a field of characteristic zero. We show that if Δ is the ideal of Γ spanned by all elements of the form G − 1, where G ∈, thenand the only element belonging to Δwfor all w is the zero element (cf. (4.3) below).
Subspaces Of Riemannian Spaces
Authors: Blum Richard 
Published: December 2010

In this paper, results obtained by the author for Riemannian Spaces Vn imbedded in Euclidean Spaces EN (3; 4) are extended to Vn imbedded in VN.The first section is introductory. In §2 the general result is obtained. This is the establishment of a certain dependency among the three basic sets of equations of the Vn with respect to the VN, namely the equations of Gauss, Codazzi and Kuehne.
Induced and Produced Modules
Authors: Higman D. G. 
Published: December 2010

We shall consider here two generalizations to rings of the concept of induced representation as it occurs in the representation theory of finite groups (6).If A is a ring, S a subring of A, we shall associate with each S-module M an induced pair (I(M), K) consisting of an A -modulo I(M) and an S-homomorphism K: M → I(M).
Some Results On The Asymptotic Behavior Of Linear Systems
Authors: Marcus M. 
Published: December 2010

1. Introduction. We consider first in §2 the asymptotic behavior as t → ∞ of the solutions of the vector-matrix differential equation(1.1) ,where A is a constant n-square complex matrix, B{t) a continuous complex
valued n-square matrix defined on [0, ∞ ), and x a complex n-vector.
Countable Paracompactness and Souslin's Problem
Authors: Ellen Rudin Mary 
Published: December 2010

1. Introduction. A linearly ordered space S in which neighborhoods are
segments is called a Souslin space if(i) S is not separable, but(ii) every collection of disjoint segments of S is countable.Whether a Souslin space exists is not known; this is the problem referred to in the title and was proposed by Souslin in (2).
A Theorem On Zariski Rings
Authors: Yoshida Michio 
Published: December 2010

Given a Noetherian ring A with unit element and an ideal m of A such that,we may topologize A by adopting {mn; n = 1, 2, …} as a fundamental system
of neighborhoods of 0. This topologized ring is usually referred to as an m-adic ring, and is called a Zariski ring if its ideals are all closed.
Entire Solutions Of The Functional Equationf(f(z)) = g(z)
Authors: Thron W. J. 
Published: December 2010

In this note it is proved that:the functional equation(1)f(f(z)) = g(z),where g{z) is an entire function of finite order, which is not a polynomial, and which takes on a certain value p only a finite number of times, does not have a solution f(z) which is an entire function.
On Disconjugate Differential Systems
Authors: Hartman Philip , Wintner Aurel 
Published: December 2010

1. Introduction. Let F, G (and all capital letters to be used below) denote n by n matrices the elements of which are real-valued continuous functions on an interval a ≤t ≤ b. Correspondingly, by a solution x = x(t) of a differential system1,with det G(t) ≠ 0, or of a differential system2,will be meant a (vector) solution all n components of which are real-valued.
An Extension Problem For Functions With Monotonic Derivatives
Authors: Jurkat W. B. 
Published: December 2010

Introduction. This paper deals with questions of the following type. Problem (A) : Let F(x) be the nth integral of a positive non-decreasing function for all large positive x, the problem is to find a function f(x), being the nth integral of a non-decreasing function for all x (— ∞ < x < ∞), with the propertyA.
Modified Boundary Value Problems For a Quasi-Linear Elliptic Equation
Authors: Duff G. F. D. 
Published: December 2010

1. Introduction. The quasi-linear elliptic partial differential equation to be studied here has the form(1.1) Δu = − F(P,u).Here Δ is the Laplacian while F(P,u) is a continuous function of a point P
and the dependent variable u. We shall study the Dirichlet problem for (1.1) and will find that the usual formulation must be modified by the inclusion of a parameter in the data or the differential equation, together with a further numerical condition on the solution.
Asymptotic Expansions
Authors: Moser Leo , Wyman Max 
Published: December 2010

1. Introduction. Let a1 a2, …, am be a set of real non-negative numbers and let1.1 P(x) = a1x + a2x2 + … + amxm (am ≠ 0).Many combinatorial problems can be reduced to the study of numbers Bn generated by1.2.Some problems of this type were treated by Touchard (7), Jacobsthal (3), Chowla, Herstein, Moore and Scott (1; 2), and the present authors (4).
Nombres Exponentiels Et Nombres De Bernoulli
Authors: Touchard Jacques 
Published: December 2010

Introduction. Les nombres entiers positifs a0, a1, … , an, … définis par la fonction génératriceet que l'on appelle nombres exponentiels jouent, pour la sommation de certaines séries, un rôle qui rappelle le rôle sommatoire des nombres de Bernoulli. Nous avons rassemblé ici les principales propriétés des nombres an dont plusieurs sont, croyons nous, nouvelles.
Note On a Stieltjes Type Of Inversion
Authors: Porcelli Pasquale 
Published: December 2010

If F(z) is an analytic function for z ∉ [− ∞, −l],g(t) of bounded variation and real valued for 0 ≤ t ≤ 1 andthen the Stieltjes type of inversion between F(z) and g(t) (cf. 1, p. 339, Theorem 7a) iswhere 0 ≤ v < u ≤ 1, ImF(z) is the imaginary part of F(z) and z = − t−l+iy.
On The Zeros Of Solutions Of Second-Order Linear Differential Equations
Authors: Beesack P. R. , Schwarz Binyamin 
Published: December 2010

Introduction. In §1 of this paper we consider the complex differential equation1, |z| < 1,where q(z) is a regular function in the open unit circle. We shall give a lower bound for the non-Euclidean distance of any pair of zeros of any non-trivial (i.e., not identically zero) solution u(z) of (1).
A Minimum-Maximum Problem for Differential
Expressions
Authors: Carter D. S. 
Published: December 2010

In the study of approximate methods for solving ordinary differential
equations, an interesting question arises. To state it roughly for a single
first order expression, let y0(t) be the solution of the equation(1.1)which satisfies the initial condition y(a)
= na. Let nb be an approximation to the value of
y0 at a later time, t = b.
A Simple Algorithm for Finding Maximal Network Flows and an
Application to the Hitchcock Problem
Authors: Ford L. R. , Fulkerson D. R. 
Published: December 2010

The network-flow problem, originally posed by T. Harris of
the Rand Corporation, has been discussed from various viewpoints in
(1; 2; 7; 16). The problem arises naturally in the study of
transportation networks; it may be stated in the following way. One is given
a network of directed arcs and nodes with two distinguished nodes, called
source and sink, respectively. All other nodes are called
intermediate. Each directed arc in the network has
associated with it a nonnegative integer, its flow capacity. Source arcs may
be assumed to be directed away from the source, sink arcs into the sink.
Subject to the conditions that the flow in an arc is in the direction of the
arc and does not exceed its capacity, and that the total flow into any
intermediate node is equal to the flow out of it, it is desired to find a
maximal flow from source to sink in the network, i.e., a flow which
maximizes the sum of the flows in source (or sink) arcs.Thus, if we let P1 be the source, Pn the sink, we are required to find xij (i,j =1, . . . ,
w) which maximize
On the Maximum Principle of Ky Fan
Authors: Marcus M. , Moyls B. N. 
Published: December 2010

In 1951 Fan (1) proved the following interesting extreme value result:
Let A1, … , Am be completely continuous
operators on a Hilbert space . For
be the
characteristic roots of Aσ* Aσ. Then, for any positive integer
k,(1),(2),where both maxima are taken over all unitary operators
U1, … , Um and all sets of k orthonormal (o.n.)
vectors.
Dimension of Ideals in Polynomial Rings
Authors: Auslander Maurice , Rosenberg Alex 
Published: December 2010

A well-known theorem asserts that if K is a field,
a prime ideal in
the polynomial ring S =
K[X1, …
Xn] and d the transcendence degree of
S / over K
n = rank +
d.
In the first half of this paper we extend this result to the case of
arbitrary commutative noetherian K, as well as giving a
purely homological proof of the classical theorem. In the second half we use our
first result to compute the analogue of the dimension of the product and
intersection of two affine varieties when K is a
Dedekind ring.
Analytic Equivalence of Algebroid Curves
Authors: Wallace Andrew H. 
Published: December 2010

Let k be an algebraically closed field and let x1, x2, . . . , xn be indeterminates. Denote by Rn the ring k[[x1, x2, … , xn]] of power series in the xi With coefficients in the field k. Let and be two ideals in this ring. Then and will be said to be analytically equivalent if there is an automorphism T of Rn such that T() = . and will be called analytically equivalent under T.The above situation can be described geometrically as follows. The ideals and can be regarded as defining algebroid varieties V and V' in (x1, x2, … , xn)-space, and these varieties will be said to be analytically equivalent under T.The automorphism T can be expressed by means of equations of the form :where the determinant is not zero and the fi are power series of order not less than two (that is to say, containing terms of degree two or more only).
Graph Theory and Probability
Authors: Erdös P. 
Published: December 2010

A well-known theorem of Ramsay (8; 9) states that to every n there exists a smallest integer g(n) so that every graph of g(n) vertices contains either a set of n independent points or a complete graph of order n, but there exists a graph of g(n) — 1 vertices which does not contain a complete subgraph of n vertices and also does not contain a set of n independent points. (A graph is called complete if every two of its vertices are connected by an edge; a set of points is called independent if no two of its points are connected by an edge.) The determination of g(n) seems a very difficult problem; the best inequalities for g(n) are (3)It is not even known that g(n)1/n tends to a limit. The lower bound in (1) has been obtained by combinatorial and probabilistic arguments without an explicit construction.
A Further Extension of Cayley's Parameterization
Authors: Pearl Martin 
Published: December 2010

In a recent paper (3)* the following theorem was proved for real matrices.Theorem 1. If A is a symmetric matrix and Q is a skew-symmetric matrix such that A + Q is non-singular, then1is a cogredient automorph (c.a.) of A whose determinant is + 1 and having theproperty that A and I + P span the same row space.Conversely, if P is a c.a. of A whose determinant is + 1 and if P has theproperty that I + P and A span the same row space, then there exists a skew symmetricmatrix Q such that P is given by equation (1).Theorem 1 reduces to the well-known Cayley parameterization in the case where A is non-singular. A similar and somewhat simpler result (Theorem 4) was given for the case when the underlying field is the complex field. It was also shown that the second part of the theorem (in either form) is false when the characteristic of the underlying field is 2. The purpose of this paper is to simplify the proof of Theorem 1 and at the same time, to extend these results to matrices over an arbitrary field of characteristic ≠ 2.
A Remark on the Orthogonality Relations in the Representation Theory of Finite Groups
Authors: Nagao Hirosi 
Published: December 2010

Let G be a finite group of order g, andbe an absolutely irreducible representation of degree fμ over a field of characteristic zero. As is well known, by using Schur's lemma (1), we can prove the following orthogonality relations for the coefficients :1It is easy to conclude from (1) the following orthogonality relations for characters:whereand is 1 or 0 according as t and s are conjugate in G or not, and n(t) is the order of the normalize of t.
On A Class of Operators Occurring in the Theory of Chains of Infinite Order
Authors: Ionescu Tulcea C. 
Published: December 2010

Let T, E be two sets and I ⊂ β(T),l, ⊂ β (E) two tribes. For every n ∈ N* denote by En the product E{1....,n} and by the tribe. For every x ∈ E let ux be a mapping of T into T. For x = (x1,… , xn) ∈ ∈En define ux = uxo … oxl and suppose that {(t, xi1, …, xn) ∣u(x1.....,xn)(t) ∈ A} .Let m be the Banach space of functions defined on T, real-valued, bounded and I measurable with norm
Typically-Real Functions
Authors: Brown Richard K. 
Published: December 2010

A functionan real, is called typically-real of order one in the closed region ∣z∣ ≦ R if it satisfies the following conditions (6).(1) f(z) is regular in ∣z∣ ≦ R(2) ∮{f(z)} > 0 if and only if ∮{z} >0.The same function is called typically-real of order p, p a positive integer greater than one, if it satisfies condition (1) above and in addition the followingcondition (4; 5):(2’) there exists a constant ρ, 0 < p < R, such that on every circle ∣z∣ = r, ρ, 0 < p < R, ∮{f(z)} changes sign exactly 2p times.
Generating Functions for Hermite Functions
Authors: Weisner Louis 
Published: December 2010

Hermite's function Hn(x) is denned for all complex values of x and n bywhere F (α; γ; x) is Kummer's function with the customary indices omitted. It satisfies the differential equation1.1of whichis a second solution. Every solution of (1.1) is an entire function.