bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the antioxidant effects of synovial fluid from equine metacarpophalangeal joints with those of hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate
Authors: Müller Andrea J. , Letelier María E. , Galleguillos Marco A. , Molina-Berríos Alfredo E. , Adarmes Héctor H. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the antioxidant effects of synovial fluid (SF) pooled from metacarpophalangeal joints of healthy horses or horses with various pathological conditions, and to compare them with the antioxidant effects of hyaluronic acid (HA) and chondroitin sulfate (CS).
Sample Population—SF from 1 metacarpophalangeal joint was obtained from 42 horses immediately after humane slaughter. Samples were classified into 3 groups on the basis of origin: healthy joints or joints with chronically damaged cartilage or vascularly congested synovial membranes as detected via macroscopic evaluation.
Procedures—Antioxidant effects were evaluated by use of rat liver microsomal fractions treated with Fe3+-ascorbate as a free radical generator system leading to oxidative stress. Amounts of thiobarbituric-reactive substances and glutathione transferase (GSH-T) conjugation activity were measured.
Results—SF from healthy and chronically damaged joints inhibited microsomal lipid peroxidation, whereas SF from joints with congested synovial membranes had only a slight effect. Hyaluronic acid and CS did not inhibit microsomal lipid peroxidation. Moreover, GSH-T activity was detected in all SF samples, which had similar activity regardless of disease status. All SF samples as well as HA and CS protected rat microsomal GSH-T activity against oxidative damage. Only SF samples from joints with congested synovial membranes protected microsomal thiols against oxidation, an effect also evident with HA and CS.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The antioxidant mechanisms associated with the response to metacarpophalangeal joint damage in horses appeared to act on different targets, depending on whether the damage was acute or chronic.
Correlation of signal attenuation–based quantitative magnetic resonance imaging with quantitative computed tomographic measurements of subchondral bone mineral density in metacarpophalangeal joints of horses
Authors: Olive Julien , d'Anjou Marc-André , Alexander Kate , Beauchamp Guy , Theoret Christine L. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the ability of signal attenuation–based quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (QMRI) to estimate subchondral bone mineral density (BMD) as assessed via quantitative computed tomography (QCT) in osteoarthritic joints of horses.
Sample Population—20 metacarpophalangeal joints from 10 horse cadavers.
Procedures—Magnetic resonance (MR) images (dorsal and transverse T1-weighted gradient recalled echo [GRE] and dorsal T2*-weighted GRE fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition [T2*-FIESTA]) and transverse single-slice computed tomographic (CT) images of the joints were acquired. Magnetic resonance signal intensity (SI) and CT attenuation were quantified in 6 regions of interest (ROIs) in the subchondral bone of third metacarpal condyles. Separate ROIs were established in the air close to the joint and used to generate corrected ratios and SIs. Computed tomographic attenuation was corrected by use of a calibration phantom to obtain a K2HPO4-equivalent density of bone. Correlations between QMRI performed with different MR imaging sequences and QCT measurements were evaluated. The intraobserver repeatability of ROI measurements was tested for each modality.
Results—Measurement repeatability was excellent for QCT (R2 = 98.3%) and QMRI (R2 = 98.8%). Transverse (R2 = 77%) or dorsal (R2 = 77%) T1-weighted GRE and QCT BMD measurements were negatively correlated, as were dorsal T2*-FIESTA and QCT (R2 = 80%) measurements. Decreased bone SI during MR imaging linearly reflected increased BMD.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results of this ex vivo study suggested that signal attenuation–based QMRI was a reliable, clinically applicable method for indirect estimation of subchondral BMD in osteoarthritic metacarpophalangeal joints of horses.
Comparison of left ventricular contraction profiles among small, medium, and large dogs by use of two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography
Authors: Takano Hiroshi , Fujii Yoko , Ishikawa Ryokichi , Aoki Takuma , Wakao Yoshito 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Objective—To assess differences in left ventricular contractile indices among dogs of 3 body sizes via 2-D speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) and to determine body weight–independent systolic variables.
Animals—37 clinically normal adult dogs.
Procedures—Dogs were allocated into 3 groups on the basis of body weight: small (< 7 kg), medium (7 to 20 kg), and large (> 20 kg). Right parasternal short-axis echocardiographic views were acquired to measure conventional M-mode variables (left ventricular internal diameter at end diastole, left ventricular internal diameter at end systole, and fractional shortening [FS]) and STE indices (peak systolic strain, peak systolic strain rate, synchrony time index [STI], peak systolic apical rotation, peak systolic basal rotation, peak apical twisting rate, and peak systolic torsion). Values were compared among the 3 groups.
Results—STE indices, except for peak systolic radial strain (SRad), peak systolic basal rotation, and STI, were significantly decreased in large dogs, compared with values for small and medium dogs. No significant difference was detected in stroke index, peak systolic SRad, and peak systolic basal rotation among the 3 groups. The STI in large dogs was significantly increased, compared with that of medium dogs.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results revealed that decreased systolic indices in large dogs should not be interpreted as signs of decreased systolic function. Increased STI in large dogs may contribute to decreased FS. Because peak systolic SRad was not affected by body weight, peak systolic SRad might be a better variable than FS for assessing systolic function.
Low-field magnetic resonance imaging findings of the caudal portion of the cervical region in clinically normal Doberman Pinschers and Foxhounds
Authors: De Decker Steven , Gielen Ingrid M. V. L. , Duchateau Luc , Van Soens Iris , Bavegems Valérie , Bosmans Tim , van Bree Henri J. J. , Van Ham Luc M. L. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Objective—To determine the spectrum and frequency of abnormalities for low-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations of clinically normal Doberman Pinschers and Foxhounds.
Animals—37 clinically normal dogs (20 Doberman Pinschers and 17 Foxhounds).
Procedures—For each dog, MRI of the cervical vertebrae (sagittal, dorsal, and transverse T1- and T2-weighted images) was performed. Variables assessed were intervertebral disk degeneration, disk-associated compression, compression of the dorsal portion of the spinal cord, vertebral body abnormalities, and changes in intraparenchymal signal intensity. Associations between these variables and age, breed, sex, and location of the assessed intervertebral disk spaces were evaluated.
Results—Severe MRI abnormalities were detected in 17 dogs, including complete disk degeneration (n = 4 dogs), spinal cord compression (3), or both (10). Vertebral body abnormalities were detected in 8 dogs, and hyperintense signal intensity was detected in 2 dogs. Severity of disk degeneration and disk-associated compression was significantly associated with increased age. There was a significant association between disk degeneration, disk-as-sociated compression, and compression of the dorsal aspect of the spinal cord and location of the assessed intervertebral disk space, with the intervertebral disk spaces in the caudal portion of the cervical region being more severely affected.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Abnormalities were commonly seen on MRI examinations of the caudal portion of the cervical vertebral column and spinal cord of clinically normal Doberman Pinchers and Foxhounds. Such lesions were probably part of the typical spinal cord degeneration associated with the aging process of dogs.
Evaluation of T-cell activation in the duodenum of dogs with cutaneous food hypersensitivity
Authors: Veenhof Eveline Z. , Rutten Victor P. , van Noort Ronald , Knol Edward F. , Willemse Ton 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether skin-related clinical signs in cutaneous food hypersensitivity (CFH) coincide with immune reactivity in the intestine in dogs.
Animals—11 dogs with CFH without intestinal clinical signs and 8 healthy control dogs.
Procedures—After a provocation and elimination diet, the duodenal gene expression levels of Th1-, Th2- and Treg-related cytokines and transcription factors were investigated by means of quantitative PCR assay. The presence of CD3+, CD8+, CD4+, CD1c+, γδ T-cell receptor+, and major histocompatibility complex II+ cells in duodenal epithelium and lamina propria were determined.
Results—The expression of Th1-, Th2-, and Treg-related genes in dogs with CFH and healthy control dogs was similar. Although clinical signs disappeared, there was no effect of the elimination diet on cytokines, transcription factors, or cellular phenotypes.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—No change in T-cell phenotypes or a distinct Th1, Th2, or Treg profile was detected in the duodenum of dogs with only cutaneous clinical signs of food hypersensitivity. This suggested that the intestinal mucosa is not the primary site of T-cell activation that eventually leads to cutaneous food hypersensitivity.
Relative quantification of white blood cell mitochondrial DNA and assessment of mitochondria by use of transmission electron microscopy in English Springer Spaniels with and without retinal dysplasia
Authors: Bauer Bianca S. , Forsyth George W. , Sandmeyer Lynne S. , Grahn Bruce H. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Objective—To compare relative amounts of WBC mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA; assessed via real-time PCR assay) and morphology of lymphocyte mitochondria (assessed via transmission electron microscopy [TEM]) in blood samples collected from English Springer Spaniels with and without retinal dysplasia.
Animals—7 and 5 client-owned English Springer Spaniels (1 to 11 years old) with and without retinal dysplasia, respectively.
Procedures—Blood samples were obtained from affected and unaffected dogs via venipuncture. Genomic DNA was extracted from WBCs of the 7 affected and 5 unaffected dogs, and relative quantification of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (COX1) was determined via analysis of real-time PCR results. White blood cells from 3 affected and 4 unaffected dogs were embedded in epoxide resin for TEM; cross sections were examined for lymphocytes, which were measured. The mitochondria within lymphocytes were quantified, and the mitochondrial surface area per lymphocyte cross section was calculated. A masked technique was used to compare mitochondrial morphology between the 2 groups.
Results—Compared with the smallest measured quantity of mtDNA among unaffected dogs, mtDNA amounts varied among unaffected (1.08- to 4.76-fold differences) and affected dogs (1- to 2.68-fold differences). Analysis of lymphocyte measurements and mitochondrial surface area, morphology, and quantity revealed no significant differences between affected and unaffected dogs.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—No significant differences were detected in relative amounts of WBC mtDNA or the size, number, or morphology of lymphocyte mitochondria in English Springer Spaniels affected with retinal dysplasia, compared with results for unaffected control dogs.
Surfactant alterations in horses with recurrent airway obstruction at various clinical stages
Authors: Christmann Undine , Hite R. Duncan , Tan Rachel H. H. , Thatcher Craig D. , Witonsky Sharon G. , Werre Stephen R. , Buechner-Maxwell Virginia A. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the phospholipid composition and function of surfactant in horses with recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) at various clinical stages and compare these properties with findings in horses without RAO.
Animals—7 horses with confirmed RAO and 7 without RAO (non-RAO horses).
Procedures—Pairs of RAO-affected and non-RAO horses were evaluated before, during, and after exposure to hay. Evaluations included clinical scoring, lung function testing, airway endoscopy, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) absolute and differential cell counts. Cell-free BALF was separated into crude surfactant pellet and supernatant by ultracentrifugation, and phospholipid and protein concentrations were determined. Phospholipid composition of crude surfactant pellets and surface tension were evaluated with high-performance liquid chromatography and a pulsating bubble surfactometer, respectively. Findings were compared statistically via mixed-effects, repeated-measures ANOVA.
Results—Total phospholipid concentration in BALF was lower in RAO-affected versus non-RAO horses at all sample collection times. In the RAO-affected group, total phospholipid concentration was lower during exposure to hay than before or after exposure. There were no significant differences in BALF protein concentration, percentages of phospholipid classes, or surface tension between or within groups of horses.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—All clinical stages of RAO-affected horses were characterized by low surfactant concentration in BALF. Exacerbation of RAO led to an additional decrease in surfactant concentration. Causes for low surfactant concentration in RAO-affected horses remain to be determined. Low phospholipid concentration may render RAO-affected horses more susceptible than unaffected horses to surfactant alterations and contribute to clinical disease status and progression.
In vitro evaluation of allogeneic bone screws for use in internal fixation of transverse fractures created in proximal sesamoid bones obtained from equine cadavers
Authors: Sasaki Naoki , Takakuwa Jun , Yamada Haruo , Mori Ryuji 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate effectiveness of allogeneic bone screws and pins for internal fixation of midbody transverse fractures of equine proximal sesamoid bones (PSBs) in vitro.
Sample Population—14 forelimbs from cadavers of 3-year-old Thoroughbreds.
Procedures—Allogeneic cortical bone fragments were collected from the limbs of a male Thoroughbred, and cortical bone screws were prepared from the tissue by use of a precision desktop microlathe programmed with the dimensions of a metal cortical bone screw. A midbody transverse osteotomy of each PSB was performed by use of a bone-shaping oscillating saw and repaired via 1 of 3 internal fixation techniques: 1 allogeneic bone screw with 1 allogeneic bone pin (type I; n = 6 PSBs), 2 allogeneic bone screws (type II; 8), or 1 stainless steel cortical bone screw (control repair; 6). Mechanical tension measurements were obtained by use of a commercially available materials testing system.
Results—Mean ± SD tensile strength (TS) was 668.3 ± 216.6 N for type I repairs, 854.4 ± 253.2 N for type II repairs, and 1,150.0 ± 451.7 N for control repairs.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Internal fixation of PSB fractures by the use of allogeneic bone screws and bone pins was successful. Although mean TS of control repairs with stainless steel cortical bone screws was greater than the mean TS of type I and type II repairs, the difference between type II and control repairs was not significant. Allogeneic screws may advance healing and result in fewer complications in a clinical setting.
Influence of 7,8-methylenedioxylycoctonine–type alkaloids on the toxic effects associated with ingestion of tall larkspur (Delphinium spp) in cattle
Authors: Welch Kevin D. , Green Benedict T. , Gardner Dale R. , Cook Daniel , Pfister James A. , Stegelmeier Bryan L. , Panter Kip E. , Davis T. Zane 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Objective—To determine the contribution of 7,8-methylenedioxylycoctonine (MDL)–type alkaloids to the toxic effects of tall larkspur (Delphinium spp) consumption in cattle.
Animals—Sixteen 2-year-old Angus steers.
Procedures—Plant material from 3 populations of tall larkspur that contained different concentration ratios of MDL-type-to-N-(methylsuccinimido) anthranoyllycoctonine (MSAL)–type alkaloids was collected, dried, and finely ground. For each plant population, a dose of ground plant material that would elicit similar clinical signs of toxicosis in cattle after oral administration was determined on the basis of the plants' MSAL-type alkaloid concentration. Cattle were treated via oral gavage with single doses of ground plant material from each of the 3 populations of tall larkspur; each animal underwent 1 to 3 single-dose treatments (≥ 21-day interval between treatments). Heart rate was recorded immediately before (baseline) and 24 hours after each larkspur treatment.
Results—Tall larkspur populations with a lower MDL-type-to-MSAL-type alkaloid concentration ratio required a greater amount of MSAL-type alkaloids to cause the expected clinical signs of toxicosis (including increased heart rate) in cattle.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that the typically less toxic MDL-type alkaloids contributed in a significant manner to the toxic effects of tall larkspur in steers. Consequently, both the concentration of MSAL-type alkaloids and the total concentration of MSAL- and MDL-type alkaloids should be determined when assessing the relative toxicity of tall larkspur populations. These results provide valuable information to determine the risk of toxicosis in cattle grazing on tall larkspur–infested rangelands.
Clinical evaluation of perioperative administration of gabapentin as an adjunct for postoperative analgesia in dogs undergoing amputation of a forelimb
Authors: Wagner Ann E. , Mich Patrice M. , Uhrig Samantha R. , Hellyer Peter W. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate perioperative administration of gabapentin as an adjunct for analgesia in dogs undergoing amputation of a forelimb.
Design—Randomized, controlled trial.
Animals—30 client-owned dogs.
Procedures—On the day before surgery, a baseline pain evaluation was performed in each dog by use of multiple pain assessment methods. Dogs then received gabapentin (10 mg/kg [4.5 mg/lb], PO, once, followed by 5 mg/kg [2.3 mg/lb], PO, q 12 h for 3 additional days) or a placebo. On the day of surgery, dogs were anesthetized and forelimb amputation was performed. Fentanyl was infused after surgery for 18 to 24 hours; use of other analgesics was allowed. In-hospital pain evaluations were repeated at intervals for 18 hours after surgery, and owners were asked to evaluate daily their dog's activity, appetite, and wound soreness for the first 3 days after discharge from the hospital. Results were analyzed by use of a repeated-measures ANOVA.
Results—Pain evaluation scores did not differ significantly between gabapentin and placebo groups in the hospital or at home after discharge.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—As an adjunct to other analgesics and anesthetics, gabapentin, at the dose and frequency used in this study, did not provide a significant benefit for the management of acute perioperative pain in dogs undergoing forelimb amputation. The small sample size and number of other confounding factors, such as aggressive use of other analgesics, limited the likelihood of detecting a benefit of gabapentin. Other gabapentin doses or dosing regimens warrant further study.
Repeated rhinoscopic and serologic assessment of the effectiveness of intranasally administered clotrimazole for the treatment of nasal aspergillosis in dogs
Authors: Pomrantz Jill S. , Johnson Lynelle R. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Objective—To determine the role of rhinoscopic evaluation and repeated serologic testing in assessing the success rate of intranasally administered clotrimazole for treatment of dogs with nasal aspergillosis.
Design—Prospective case series.
Animals—23 dogs with nasal aspergillosis.
Procedures—Dogs with nasal aspergillosis were treated with an intranasal infusion of 1% clotrimazole solution. Response to treatment was assessed with repeated rhinoscopic evaluation, with histologic examination and fungal culture when available. Results of repeated serologic testing for aspergillosis were monitored throughout the treatment course.
Results—11 of the 23 (48%) dogs had no rhinoscopic evidence of disease after the first treatment. Three of 7 dogs were free of disease after the second treatment, and 1 of 3 dogs was free after the third treatment. Presence or absence of nasal discharge and results of repeated serologic testing were not consistent with disease status. Overall, the efficacy of intranasally administered clotrimazole for treatment of nasal aspergillosis could be confirmed in 15 of 17 dogs. Delayed recurrence or reinfection was confirmed in 3 of 15 dogs. When recurrences were taken into account, the success rate was 67% (12/15 dogs).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Clinical signs were not predictive of disease state, and follow-up rhinoscopy is recommended to assess response to treatment. The success rate of intranasally administered clotrimazole was similar to rates in previous reports; however, the number of dogs with recurrent disease was relatively high. Monitoring of the results of serologic testing is not recommended for use in determining response to treatment.
Frequency of incomplete urolith removal, complications, and diagnostic imaging following cystotomy for removal of uroliths from the lower urinary tract in dogs: 128 cases (1994–2006)
Authors: Grant David C. , Harper Tisha A. M. , Werre Stephen R. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Objective—To determine the effectiveness of cystotomy for complete removal of urocystoliths and urethroliths in dogs, the types and frequency of diagnostic imaging performed to verify complete urolith removal, the complications that develop as a result of cystotomy, and predictors of each of these variables.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—128 dogs that underwent a cystotomy for removal of urocystoliths, urethroliths, or both from 1994 through 2006.
Procedures—The following data were obtained from medical records: sex, body weight, number and locations of lower urinary tract uroliths identified in preoperative and postoperative imaging reports, types of imaging used for urolith detection, number of uroliths recovered during cystotomy, quantitative urolith composition, and major complications attributable to cystotomy. Objective criteria were applied to determine whether a cystotomy failed or succeeded and whether appropriate imaging was performed. Associations between potential prognostic factors and outcomes were statistically assessed.
Results—Effectiveness of cystotomy could be determined in 44 (34%) dogs, of which 9 (20%) had incomplete removal of uroliths. Appropriate postoperative imaging was performed for only 19 (15%) dogs, of which 8 had incomplete removal. Dogs with both urethroliths and urocystoliths were more likely to have a failed cystotomy than dogs with only urethroliths or urocystoliths. Complications developed in 5 (4%) dogs.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Cystotomy was a safe and effective surgical procedure for removal of lower urinary tract uroliths in most dogs. Failure to remove all uroliths occurred in a substantial percentage of patients.