bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BRACHYSTELES PARVICORNUS(COSTA), AN ANTHOCORIDAE NEW TO CANADA (HEMIPTERA: HETEROPTERA)
Authors: Lattin John D. 
Published: November 2009

New records for non-indigenous species of Hemiptera: Heteroptera continue to be reported from Canada. Schwartz et al. (1991) reported the microphysidLoricula bipunctata(Perris) from Saanichton, British Columbia, and Larivière (1992) reported the occurrence of the nabidHimacerus apterous(Fabricius) from the vicinity of Halifax, Nova Scotia.Asquith and Lattin (1990) recorded the European anthocoridBrachysteles parvicornis(Costa) from New York, and Noodline, New Jersey. Lattin and Asquith (1991) reported additional material of the species from Maine onPicea glauca(Moench) and from Massachusetts onPinus rigidaMill. With the latter specimens, the oribatid miteHumerobates rostrolamellatusGrandjean was beaten from the trees along with the bug. This is a cosmopolitan mite that occurs on trees and is found in Europe. Pericart (1972), citing Carayon, stated thatBrachysteles parvicornisfed upon oribatid mites found on trees. Pericart provided a detailed account of this species of anthocorid in Europe. Little is known of its habits in North America except that it appears to be found on conifers and seems to be associated with the oribatid mite mentioned above. Pericart (1972) reported other hosts in Europe so the bug may be found on non-conifer hosts as well. There is a brachypterous form but, thus far, only fully winged adults have been collected in North America.
TOXICITY OF INSECTICIDES USED IN CITRUS TO APHYTIS MELINUS DEBACH (HYMENOPTERA: APHELINIDAE) AND RHIZOBIUS LOPHANTHAE (BLAISD.) (COLEOPTERA: COCCINELLIDAE)
Authors: Bellows T.S. , Morse J.G. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe 48-h toxicities of freshly deposited residues of 28 insecticides against Aphytis melinus DeBach and Rhizobius lophanthae (Blaisd.) were evaluated at various rates. Rates as high as 4-fold the recommended field rate of several materials (formulated plant alkaloids, amitraz, formulated Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner endotoxin or exotoxin, and cryolite) revealed little mortality to either species. Concentration–mortality regressions were quantified for the remaining materials, which included five carbamates, a macrocyclic lactone, eight organophosphates, and four pyrethroids. Of these, pyrethroids in general were most toxic, followed by carbamates, and then organophosphates, to both species. Most materials tested were more toxic to A. melinus than to R. lophanthae.
EFFICACY OF ESFENVALERATE FOR CONTROL OF INSECTS HARMFUL TO SEED PRODUCTION IN DISEASE-RESISTANT WESTERN WHITE PINES
Authors: Rappaport N.G. , Haverty M.I. , Shea P.J. , Sandquist R.E. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe tested the pyrethroid insecticide esfenvalerate in single, double, and triple applications for control of insects affecting seed production of blister rust-resistant western white pine, Pinus monticola Douglas. All treatments increased the proportion of normal seed produced and reduced the proportion of seed damaged by the western conifer seed bug, Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann. Only the triple application reduced the proportion of cones killed by the pine cone beetle, Conophthorus ponderosae Hopkins. Other seed-damaging insect species [seed chalcids, Megastigmus sp.; the fir coneworm, Dioryctria abietivorella (Grote); and seedworms, Cydia sp.] were present but in numbers too low to test for insecticide efficacy.
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE PATHOGENESIS OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS BERLINER IN LARVAE OF THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA CLEM. (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: van Frankenhuyzen Kees 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe relationship between temperature and pathogenesis of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner var. kurstaki in infected larvae of the eastern spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana Clem., was investigated to determine if more rapid death of larvae with an increase in temperature could be accounted for by enhanced bacterial growth. Cumulative mortality of larvae force-fed with a lethal dose of HD-1-S-1980 peaked within 2 days at 25 °C, 3 days at 19 °C, 7 days at 16 °C, and 21 days at 13 °C. The progress of bacterial growth in the larvae was followed from spore germination to cell lysis, and was completed within 4 days at 25 °C, 6 days at 22 °C, 12 days at 19 °C, 14 days at 16 °C, and > 28 days at 13 °C. Peak abundance of vegetative cells in the larvae was observed after 1 day at 25 °C, 2 days at 22 °C, 3 days at 19 °C, 7 days at 16 °C, and 21 days at 13 °C, and thus coincided almost exactly with the time required for maximum larval mortality. This correlation suggests that the observed effect of temperature on progression of larval mortality was due to its effect on the proliferation of vegetative cells in the infected larvae, and that bacterial septicemia makes an important contribution to death.
TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT DEVELOPMENT OF THE SPECKLED GREEN FRUITWORM, ORTHOSIA HIBISCI GUENÉE (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)
Authors: Judd Gary J.R. , Cossentine Joan E. , Gardiner Mark G.T. , Thomson Donald R. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTemperature-dependent development of eggs, larvae, and pupae of the speckled green fruitworm, Orthosia hibisci Guenée, at constant temperatures of 5–30.0 °C, 7.5–27.5 °C, and 0.8–20.8 °C, respectively, was described. Development times decreased with increasing temperatures and minimum developmental times in eggs, larvae, and pupae occurred at ca. 27.5, 25, and 20.8 °C, respectively. Variation in development times of all life stages was modelled accurately (R2 values 0.98–0.99) with a Weibull distribution. Relationships between temperature and developmental rates of all life stages were described by linear degree-day (DD) and nonlinear poikilotherm models. There were significant differences (ANOVA, P < 0.05) among the slopes of regression equations describing developmental rates of different life stages and larval instars. Minimum developmental temperatures for eggs (3.4 °C), first- through fifth-instar larvae (4.7, 2.9, 3.6, 3.5, and 3.7 °C), and pupae (2.8 °C) were determined by extrapolation of linear regression equations to the x-intercept. Median development time of eggs, first- through fifth-instar larvae, and pupae required 99.0, 44.2, 51.5, 52.4, 57.1, 69.9, and 61.3 DD above the minimum developmental temperatures, respectively. Developmental rates of eggs and all larval instars averaged were described by six-parameter models exhibiting low- and high-temperature inhibition. Development of pupae was best described by a four-parameter model exhibiting low- but no high-temperature inhibition. This information should be useful for developing a phenology model to improve management actions against O. hibisci.
COMPARISON OF AGE STRUCTURE OF THREEMELANOPLUSSPP. (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE) IN WINTER WHEAT AND ADJACENT RANGELAND
Authors: Gillespie Robert L. , Kemp William P. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSignificant differences in age structure of grasshopper populations [Melanoplus sanguinipes(Fabricius),M.bivittatus(Say), andM.packardiiScudder] occurred in winter wheat and adjacent rangeland. In 1988, age structure differences were associated with density shifts in winter wheat between sample periods suggesting that older instars dispersed into the crop but younger instars remained in rangeland. In 1989 there was some partitioning of age classes between the two habitats, but no pattern emerged as in 1988. In 1990, significantly more older instars were collected in winter wheat than in rangeland. There were shifts in percentage density of the three grasshopper species in winter wheat but again no patterns emerged.
CONTROL OF ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH BY MATING DISRUPTION USING SEX PHEROMONE IN THE NIAGARA PENINSULA, ONTARIO
Authors: Pree D.J. , Trimble R.M. , Whitty K.J. , Vickers P.M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDisruption of mating for control of Oriental fruit moth [Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)] using Isomate M pheromone dispensers was tested from 1987 to 1990 in the Niagara Peninsula of Ontario. The effectiveness of pheromone was evaluated using virgin female-baited traps, synthetic pheromone-baited traps, and by inspecting samples of twigs and fruit for evidence of G. molesta damage. No males were caught in virgin female-baited traps placed in pheromone-treated plots. Synthetic pheromone-baited trap catches of male moths were reduced by 85–100%. Pheromone provided commercially acceptable control over two consecutive growing seasons at a commercial farm with a relatively low density G. molesta population. Pheromone did not provide commercially acceptable control at an experimental farm with a relatively high density G. molesta population. The incidence of capture of males in virgin female-baited traps, in synthetic pheromone-baited traps, and the incidence of damage to peach twigs by first- and second-generation G. molesta larvae could not be used to predict the incidence of damage to fruit at harvest. The results suggest that pheromone-mediated mating disruption may have potential as a method for controlling the Oriental fruit moth in orchards with relatively low density populations.
MYCOBATES(ACARI: ORIBATIDA: MYCOBATIDAE) OF AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO
Authors: Behan-Pelletier Valerie M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMorphology, distribution, and habitat data are presented for the known species of the oribatid mite genusMycobatesof America, north of Mexico. A revised generic diagnosis is given, and 11 new species are proposed and described on the basis of adults:M.altus,M.azaleos,M.beringianus,M.brevilamellatus,M.dryas,M.exigualis,M.hammerae,M.hylaeus,M.occidentalis,M.perates, andM.yukonensis. Three species proposed by Marie Hammer are redescribed,M.conitus,M.incurvatus, andM.punctatus, and a lectotype is designated forM.punctatus.Mycobates consimilisHammer is considered a junior subjective synonym ofM.sarekensisTrägårdh. Distribution maps are presented for these species and a diagnostic key is given to adults of species ofMycobatesrecorded from America, north of Mexico.Mycobatesis species rich in dry arctic, subarctic, and alpine microhabitats of the Nearctic, Palearctic, and Neotropical regions. At temperate latitudes species often are arboreal, associated with moss and lichens on tree trunks.
WARREN ROOTCOLLAR WEEVIL,HYLOBIUS WARRENIWOOD (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE), IN CANADA: ECOLOGY, BEHAVIOR, DAMAGE RELATIONSHIPS, AND MANAGEMENT
Authors: Cerezke H.F. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWarren rootcollar weevil,Hylobius warreniWood, is a pest of several conifer species and is distributed widely throughout the boreal forest in Canada. Literature on this weevil is reviewed and interpreted to provide comprehensive coverage of its ecology, behavior, and impacts, and the implications for its management. New information is provided to fill gaps in our knowledge ofH.warreni. These include distribution and hosts, immature stages, sex ratios, and daily and seasonal activity patterns of adults. Sex ratios, abundance, longevity, and pedestrian dispersal behavior of adults within the forest and on trees are described from mark, release, and recapture studies conducted over several years using a newly designed interception trap. Daily trap captures are correlated with previous night temperatures and this relationship is a tool for predicting adult captures. Fecundity and oviposition behavior on the host tree are described from laboratory- and field-reared adults.Population levels ofH.warreniare compared across a variety of lodgepole pine stands in Alberta. Weevil numbers within forests are described in relation to tree size and age, depth of duff material around tree bases, and stand density. Analysis of weevil feeding scars distributed at the root collar base of mature pine stems were used to describe the likely temporal pattern of population abundance and change during stand development. Information supportive of this pattern is presented from surveys in young and mature stands.A new method of assessing stands of lodgepole pine for suitability of habitat forH.warrenitakes into account the cumulative nature of this weevil’s injury and reflects its temporal pattern of success in relation to stand conditions. The effects of a pre-commercial thinning treatment onH.warrenipopulations and its girdling injury were investigated in a 25-year-old lodgepole pine stand over an 8-year period. Compared with control plots, thinning treatment caused a 5-fold increase in weevil numbers per tree and increased the tree attack incidence by 2-fold, but resulted in an average 6% reduction in partial stem girdling of attacked trees. Information about the effects of various forest management practices onH.warreniabundance and survival is reviewed and areas requiring research are identified.
INVITATION PAPER (C.P. ALEXANDER FUND): THE POTENTIAL OF BIOLOGICAL CONTROL FOR MANAGEMENT OF GRASSHOPPERS (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE) IN CANADA
Authors: Mason Peter G. , Erlandson Martin A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn Canada biological control of grasshoppers has been studied since the 1930s. Previous attempts at "classical" introductions have not been successful. Native parasitoids, especially sarcophagid flies, have a significant impact on grasshopper populations during certain times but the required conditions and regulatory potential are not understood. Sarcophagids, especiallyKellymyia kellyi(Aldrich), and the mermithid nematodesAgamermis decaudateCobb, Steiner, and Christie andMermis subnigricansCobb have some potential as inundative agents. Invertebrate predators appear to impact on egg and early-instar nymphal grasshoppers, and vertebrates, especially birds, help to regulate later instars and adults. The role of microbial pathogens in the population dynamics of grasshoppers in western Canada has long been recognized, particularly with regard to entomophthoran fungi. The possibility of utilizing the microsporidanNosema locustaeCanning for suppression of grasshopper populations has been postulated since the 1970s and field evaluations of its potential have been conducted in Saskatchewan and Alberta. More recently, considerable work, both basic and applied, has demonstrated the potential of various fungus isolates pathogenic to grasshoppers as both "classical" and inundative control agents. Entomopoxvirus isolates from grasshoppers also show potential as biological control agents of grasshoppers but this potential has yet to be investigated in field situations. It is clear, however, that no single microbial pathogen will be the panacea of grasshopper control. It is suggested that future biological control research focus on acquiring a better understanding of the requirements and quantitative effects of parasitoids and predators on grasshopper populations. Emphasis should also be placed on developing integrated pest management programs that utilize local natural enemies (nematodes and microorganisms) for inundative control during outbreaks.
LIFE HISTORY OF THE APHID HYPERPARASITOID ASAPHES VULGARIS WALKER (PTEROMALIDAE): POSSIBLE CONSEQUENCES ON THE EFFICACY OF THE PRIMARY PARASITOID APHIDIUS NIGRIPES ASHMEAD (APHIDIIDAE)
Authors: Brodeur Jacques , McNeil Jeremy N. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAspects of the life history of the aphid hyperparasitoid Asaphes vulgaris Walker, when reared on Aphidius nigripes Ashmead, were investigated under laboratory conditions. Longevity was significantly related to temperature and to the sex of adults. Female life span was about 4 months at 15 °C compared with 46 days at 25 °C; under the same conditions male longevity was 66 and 19 days, respectively. Females started to oviposit in aphid mummies upon eclosion and lifetime fecundity was high, reaching 1433 offspring. The sex ratio (proportion of males) was low early in reproductive life but rose sharply after several weeks. The implications of these results on the efficacy of A. nigripes in the potato agrosystem are discussed. It is suggested that high hyperparasitoid fecundity and longevity might play a role in reducing the impact of the primary parasitoid.
HOST SHIFT OF THE LEAF GALLERDIPLOLEPIS POLITA(HYMENOPTERA: CYNIPIDAE) TO THE DOMESTIC SHRUB ROSEROSA RUGOSA
Authors: Shorthouse J.D. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe leaf gallerDiplolepis polita(Ashmead), known only fromRosa acicularisLindl. west of the Rocky Mountains, is recorded for the first time on the introduced, urban shrub roseRosa rugosaThunb. Inquilines and parasitoids commonly kill over 90% of the inducers in populations of galls found in natural habitats, whereas 55% of the galls from the urban roses contained an inducer. Differences in component communities associated with galls on domestic and wild roses are likely indicative of a recently established population in an atypical habitat. Occurrence ofD.politaon this new host also provides insight into the host specificity and vagility of cynipid wasps.
EVIDENCE FOR SUCCESSFUL OVERWINTERING OF DIAMONDBACK MOTH, PLUTELLA XYLOSTELLA (L.) (LEPIDOPTERA: PLUTELLIDAE), IN ALBERTA
Authors: Dosdall Lloyd M. 
Published: November 2009

Diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), commonly occurs at relatively low population densities in areas of canola (oilseed rapes, Brassica rapa L. and Brassica napus L.) production in western Canada, but occasionally can reach outbreak densities (Madder and Stemeroff 1988). The most severe outbreak of P. xylostella in recent years occurred in Alberta and Saskatchewan in 1985 when approximately 467 860 ha were treated with insecticide, at a cost of approximately $11.9 million (Madder and Stemeroff 1988).Damage to canola is the result of larval feeding. Leaves are the preferred feeding sites, and plants can withstand substantial damage before yield is affected (Philip and Mengersen 1989). However, late in the season when the leaves become senescent, larvae feed on pods and this can result in significant yield reductions. Plutella xylostella is multivoltine, capable of completing at least three generations per year in Alberta (Philip and Mengersen 1989), and four to five in Ontario (Harcourt 1986).
THE FIRST ALBERTA RECORD FOR CHEIRA CANTHIUM INCLUSUM (HENTZ) (ARANEIDA: CLUBIONIDAE), WITH OBSERVATIONS ON A HUMAN BITE REACTION
Authors: Leech Robin , Brown Thomas Maxwell 
Published: November 2009

On 27 May 1993, a normal, healthy woman in her early 30s put packages of groceries just purchased on the car seat beside her. As she sat in the driver's seat, she “…felt something painful sticking into her behind her knee.” She looked and saw something there, brushed it, but when it did not come off, she grabbed it into a soft tissue paper, and folded the paper over so the animal could not escape. She went immediately for medical assistance.The second author, a physician, examined the animal and thought it to be a dead spider, as he could not prod it into moving (many clubionids “play dead”). However, when he put it into alcohol, it writhed violently for a few moments before dying. He sent it to the Department of Entomology, University of Alberta. The spider was determined to be a female of Cheiracanthium inclusum (Hentz, 1847), a first record for Alberta, and only the second record for Canada.
SYSTEMATICS OF SOME SPECIES OFMICROPSECTRA(DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE) LIVING IN LOW-ORDER STREAMS IN SOUTHERN ONTARIO, CANADA
Authors: Oliver D.R. , Dillon M.E. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe larvae, pupae, and adult males and females ofMicropsectra dives(Johannsen),Micropsectra nigripila(Johannsen),Micropsectra polita(Malloch), and a new speciesMicropsectra geminataare described.
EVALUATION OF THE REPELLENT EFFECTS OF A NEEM INSECTICIDE ON FORAGING HONEY BEES AND OTHER POLLINATORS
Authors: Naumann Ken , Currie Rob W. , Isman Murray B. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA standardized, oil-free neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) seed extract (NSE) was tested for repellency to honey bees using a feeding-dish choice bioassay, and to honey bees and other pollinators in field applications on blooming canola. Foraging honey bee workers were able to discriminate between untainted sugar syrup and syrup containing formulated NSE at concentrations as low as 0.1 ppm azadirachtin, the principal active ingredient of NSE. However there were no significant differences in the numbers of foraging bees collected in neem-treated, solvent-treated, or untreated canola plots. Other pollinator. species present were similarly unaffected. Our results suggest that honey bees may be successfully utilized in blooming crops that have been treated with doses of NSE sufficient to control phytophagous insect pests. The results of this study also suggest that using feeding-dish bioassays to screen potential repellent compounds, although demonstrating the ability of honey bees to detect compounds, may not yield similar results in the field.
SEMIOCHEMICAL-BASED COMMUNICATION IN INTERSPECIFIC INTERACTIONS BETWEEN IPS PINI (SAY) AND PITYOGENES KNECHTELI (SWAINE) (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) IN LODGEPOLE PINE
Authors: Poland Therese M. , Borden John H. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe pine engraver, Ips pini Say, and Pityogenes knechteli Swaine often co-exist in lodgepole pine, Pinus contoita var. latifolia Engelmann. We tested the hypotheses that P. knechteli produces an attractive pheromone and that the attraction of P. knechteli and I. pint to conspecifics is inhibited by the presence of the other species. Pityogenes knechteli males and females were attracted to bolts infested with conspecific males and to bolts infested with I. pini males; however, there was no significant cross-attraction of I. pini males or females to bolts infested with P. knechteli males. Attraction of P. knechteli and I. pint males and females to bolts infested with conspecific males was not inhibited in the presence of bolts infested with males of the other bark beetle species. Pityogenes knechteli has no potential for competitive displacement of I. pini but may enhance the adverse effect of I. pini on the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins.
LE GENREMYZOCALLISPASSERINI, 1860: CLASSIFICATION MONDIALE DES SOUS-GENRES ET NOUVELLES ESPÈCES PALÉARCTIQUES (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)
Authors: Quednau F.W. , Remaudière G. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn the scope of a worldwide revision of the genusMyzocallis, a key of the following subgenera is presented:AgrioaphisWalker (type:Aphis myricaeKaltenbach),Californicallissubg.nov. (type:Myzocallis agrifolicolaRichards),CastaneomyzocallisQuednau and Remaudière (type:Aphis castaneaeFitch),GlobulicaudaphisHille Ris Lambers (type:G.pakistanicaH.R.L.),LineomyzocallisRichards (type:Aphis bellaWalsh),Myzocalliss.str. (type:Aphis coryliGoeze),Neodryomyzussubg.nov. (type:Myzocallis polychaetusDavid),NeomyzocallisRichards (type:Callipterus punctatusMonell),Paramyzocallissubg.nov. (type:Myzocallis tenochcaRemaudière and Quednau), andPasekiaAizenberg (type:Hoplocallis komarekiPasek). Four new species ofMyzocallisliving on various species ofQuercusin southern Europe, Turkey, Iran, and Pakistan are described:M. (Neodryomyzus)naumannisp.nov.,M. (Pasekia)mediterraneussp.nov.,M. (P.)persicussp.nov., andM. (P.)tauricussp.nov., and a new subspecies,M. (Agrioaphis)castanicola leclantissp.nov., host-specific toCastaneain southern Europe. Keys are given for the species belonging to the palaearctic subgenera ofMyzocallis.
HUMAN VALUES AND BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY: ARE WE WASTING OUR TIME?
Authors: McFadden Max W. , Parker J. Kathy 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe issue of biodiversity is examined from the viewpoint of human values and three questions are posed: What kinds of human values affect biological diversity? Why do humans think about the loss and conservation of biological diversity? Does it really matter? The conclusion is that human values are contributing to the loss of biological diversity and could lead to massive extinctions in the future just as major natural events did in the past. However, as it did in the past, evolution will continue, so will speciation, and so will biological diversity.