bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diabetes and gastric cancer incidence and mortality in the Asia Cohort Consortium: A pooled analysis of more than a half million participants
Authors: De la Torre Katherine , Song Minkyo , Abe Sarah Krull , Rahman Md. Shafiur , Islam Md. Rashedul , Saito Eiko , Min Sukhong , Huang Dan , Chen Yu , Gupta Prakash C. , Sawada Norie , Tamakoshi Akiko , Shu Xiao‐Ou , Wen Wanqing , Sakata Ritsu , Kim Jeongseon , Nagata Chisato , Ito Hidemi , Park Sue K. , Shin Myung‐Hee , Pednekar Mangesh S. , Tsugane Shoichiro , Kimura Takashi , Gao Yu‐Tang , Cai Hui , Wada Keiko , Oze Isao , Shin Aesun , Ahn Yoon‐Ok , Ahsan Habibul , Boffetta Paolo , Chia Kee Seng , Matsuo Keitaro , Qiao You‐Lin , Rothman Nathaniel , Zheng Wei , Inoue Manami , Kang Daehee 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundEvidence suggests a possible link between diabetes and gastric cancer risk, but the findings remain inconclusive, with limited studies in the Asian population. We aimed to assess the impact of diabetes and diabetes duration on the development of gastric cancer overall, by anatomical and histological subtypes.MethodsA pooled analysis was conducted using 12 prospective studies included in the Asia Cohort Consortium. Among 558 981 participants (median age 52), after a median follow‐up of 14.9 years and 10.5 years, 8556 incident primary gastric cancers and 8058 gastric cancer deaths occurred, respectively. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate study‐specific hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and pooled using random‐effects meta‐analyses.ResultsDiabetes was associated with an increased incidence of overall gastric cancer (HR 1.15, 95% CI 1.06–1.25). The risk association did not differ significantly by sex (women vs men: HR 1.31, 95% CI 1.07–1.60 vs 1.12, 1.01–1.23), anatomical subsites (noncardia vs cardia: 1.14, 1.02–1.28 vs 1.17, 0.77–1.78) and histological subtypes (intestinal vs diffuse: 1.22, 1.02–1.46 vs 1.00, 0.62–1.61). Gastric cancer risk increased significantly during the first decade following diabetes diagnosis (HR 4.70, 95% CI 3.77–5.86), and decreased with time (nonlinear p < .01). Positive associations between diabetes and gastric cancer mortality were observed (HR 1.15, 95% CI 1.03–1.28) but attenuated after a 2‐year time lag.ConclusionDiabetes was associated with an increased gastric cancer incidence regardless of sex, anatomical subsite, or subtypes of gastric cancer. The risk of gastric cancer was particularly high during the first decade following diabetes diagnosis.image
Identification of a novel QTL for lean meat percentage using imputed genotypes
Authors: Ibragimov Emil , Pedersen Anni Øyan , Sloth Niels Morten , Fredholm Merete , Karlskov‐Mortensen Peter 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLean meat percentage is a critical production trait in pig breeding systems with direct implications for the sustainability of the industry. In this study, we conducted a genome‐wide association study for lean meat percentage using a cohort of 850 Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire) crossbred pigs and we identified QTL on SSC3 and SSC18. Based on the predicted effect of imputed variants and using the PigGTEx database of molecular QTL, we prioritized candidate genes and SNPs located within the QTL regions, which may be involved in the regulation of porcine leanness. Our results indicate that a nonsense mutation in ZC3HAV1L on SSC18 has a direct effect on lean meat percentage.
Frequency of RPGRIP1 and MAP9 genetic modifiers of canine progressive retinal atrophy, in 132 breeds of dog
Authors: Donner Jonas , Mellersh Cathryn 
Published: May 2024

AbstractVariants in RPGRIP1 and MAP9, termed RPGRIP1ins44 and MAP9del respectively, are both associated with a form of canine progressive retinal atrophy referred to as RPGRIP1‐CRD and have both been demonstrated to modify the development and progression of this disease. In the current study both variants were genotyped in at least 50 dogs of 132 diverse breeds and the data reveal that both segregate in multiple breeds. Individually, each variant is common within largely non‐overlapping subsets of breed, and there is a negative correlation between their frequencies within breeds that segregate both variants. The frequency of both variants exceeds 0.05 in a single breed only, the Miniature Longhaired Dachshund. These data indicate that both variants are likely to be ancient and predate the development and genetic isolation of modern dog breeds. That both variants are present individually at high frequency in multiple breeds is consistent with the hypothesis that homozygosity of either variant alone is not associated with a clinically relevant phenotype, whereas the negative correlation between the two variants is consistent with the application of selective pressure, from dog breeders, against homozygosity at both loci, probably due to the more severe phenotype associated with homozygosity at both loci.
Obsidian hydration dating by infrared transmission spectroscopy
Authors: Franchetti Fernando , Neme Gustavo , Gil Adolfo , Salgan M. Laura , Rogers Alexander K. , Davenport James , Garvey Raven , Trofimova Olga , Ladefoged Thegn N. , Stevenson Christopher M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe obsidian dating method converts the quantity of diffused molecular water within a near‐surface hydration layer to elapsed time using an experimentally derived diffusion coefficient predicted from the structural water content of the glass. Infrared spectroscopic transmission measurements on transparent archaeological samples record vibrational responses of water bands in the near‐infrared region, permitting determination of structural water content (OH), and the amount of diffused ambient water (H2O). In this application, the H2O water band at 5200 cm−1 is measured directly. The accuracy of the approach is assessed by an evaluation of the precision of each contributing variable. The new protocol is evaluated using obsidian artifacts from radiocarbon‐dated deposits at Salamanca Cave in Argentina.
The efficacy of lamotrigine in bipolar disorder: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Haenen N. , Kamperman A. M. , Prodan A. , Nolen W. A. , Boks M. P. , Wesseloo R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo provide up‐to‐date clinical guidance on the efficacy of lamotrigine in bipolar disorder (BD).MethodsEligible studies were identified during a systematic literature search according to PRISMA‐guidelines. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies that quantitatively assessed lamotrigine's efficacy in BD. We divided the included studies into three groups: 1. acute treatment of depression, 2. acute treatment of mania and hypomania, and 3. maintenance treatment. Analyses were stratified by control group (placebo vs active comparator) and treatment strategy (monotherapy vs add‐on treatment).ResultsWe included 20 RCTs (n = 1166 lamotrigine users) and 20 cohort studies (n = 11,141 lamotrigine users). Twenty‐four of these studies were included in meta‐analyses. During depressive episodes, greater decreases in depressive symptomatology were associated with initiation of lamotrigine as add‐on treatment than with placebo (SMD −0.30 [95% CI = −0.51, −0.10], df = 3, p = 0.004). Decreases in depressive symptomatology did not differ significantly between lamotrigine and the active comparator (SMD −0.28 [95% CI = −1.06, 0.50], df = 3, p = 0.488).As a maintenance treatment, lamotrigine was associated with a significantly lower relapse/recurrence rate than placebo (risk ratio (RR) 0.84 [95% CI = 0.71, 0.99], df = 2, p = 0.037). Relapse/recurrence rates did not differ significantly between lamotrigine and lithium (RR 1.06 [95% CI = 0.89, 1.25], df = 2, p = 0.513). A qualitative assessment of high‐quality register‐based studies found that lamotrigine was associated with lower hospital admission rates than other commonly used treatment regimes.ConclusionsThere is substantial evidence for the efficacy of lamotrigine in BD, specifically as add‐on treatment during acute depressive episodes and as maintenance treatment for preventing relapse and recurrence.
What makes a wine region worth visiting: Place and beauty in Okanagan Valley, British Columbia
Authors: Kuus Merje 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article explores the potential of Okanagan Valley as a place of distinctive wines and the tourism experiences that match these wines. By “distinctive” I mean wines with a sense of place woven into their production and marketing—wines that are called “terroir‐driven” in the wine world. My focus is not on wine production, but on place‐making and regional planning. The article is informed by geographical and sociological work on wine, but it accentuates the empirical over the conceptual to explore the long‐term potential of the Okanagan as a wine destination. Methodologically, the paper synthesizes academic and trade sources with primary fieldwork material, including participant observation in the region and interviews with wine professionals in British Columbia. It contributes to the efforts to forge an authentic narrative for the Okanagan as a place of wine.
The patterns in urine excretion and transvascular fluid exchange in human subjects during intravenous fluid infusion: A quantitative analysis
Authors: Curry FitzRoy E. , Michel C. Charles 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionInvestigations of responses of animals and humans to changes of plasma volume are usually reported as average responses of groups of individuals. This ignores considerable quantitative variation between individuals. We examined the hypothesis that individual responses follow a common temporal pattern with variations reflecting different parameters describing that pattern.MethodsWe illustrate this approach using data of Hahn, Lindahl and Drobin (Acta Anaesthesiol Scand.2011, 55:987‐94) who measured urine volume and haemoglobin dilution of 10 female subjects during intravenous Ringer infusions for 30 min and subsequent 3.5 h. The published time courses were digitised and analysed to determine if a family of mathematical functions accounted for the variation in individual responses.ResultsUrine excretion was characterised by a time delay (Td) before urine flow increased and a time course of cumulative urine excretion described by a logarithmic function. This logarithmic relation forms the theoretical basis of a family of linear relations describing urine excretion as a function of Td. Measurement of Td enables estimation of subsequent values of urine excretion and thereby the fraction of infused fluid retained in the body.ConclusionThe approach might be useful for physiologists and clinical investigators to compare the response to infusion protocols when both test and control responses can be described by linear relations between cumulative urine volume at specific times and Td. The approach may also be useful for clinicians by complementing strategies to guide fluid therapy by enabling the later responses of an individual to be predicted from their earlier response.
Towards the standardisation of adult person‐reported outcome domains in diabetes research: A Consensus Statement development panel
Authors: Barnard‐Kelly Katharine , Marrero David , de Wit Maartje , Pouwer Frans , Khunti Kamlesh , Hermans Norbert , Pierce Jessica S. , Laffel Lori , Holt Richard I. G. , Battelino Tadej , Naranjo Diana , Fosbury Jacqueline , Fisher Lawrence , Polonsky William , Weissberg‐Benchell Jill , Hood Korey K. , Schnell Oliver , Messer Laurel H. , Danne Thomas , Nimri Revital , Skovlund Soren E. , Mader Julia K. , Sherr Jennifer L. , Schatz Desmond , O'Neill Simon , Doble Emma , Town Marissa , Lange Karin , de Beaufort Carine , Gonder‐Frederick Linda , Jaser Sarah S. , Liberman Alon , Klonoff David , ElSayed Nuha A. , Bannuru Raveendhara R. , Parkin Christopher G. , Snoek Frank 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDiabetes is unique among chronic diseases because clinical outcomes are intimately tied to how the person living with diabetes reacts to and implements treatment recommendations. It is further characterised by widespread social stigma, judgement and paternalism. This physical, social and psychological burden collectively influences self‐management behaviours. It is widely recognised that the individual's perspective about the impact of trying to manage the disease and the burden that self‐management confers must be addressed to achieve optimal health outcomes. Standardised, rigorous assessment of mental and behavioural health status, in interaction with physical health outcomes is crucial to aid understanding of person‐reported outcomes (PROs). Whilst tempting to conceptualise PROs as an issue of perceived quality of life (QoL), in fact health‐related QoL is multi‐dimensional and covers indicators of physical or functional health status, psychological and social well‐being. This complexity is illuminated by the large number of person reported outcome measures (PROMs) that have been developed across multiple psychosocial domains. Often measures are used inappropriately or because they have been used in the scientific literature rather than based on methodological or outcome assessment rigour. Given the broad nature of psychosocial functioning/mental health, it is important to broadly define PROs that are evaluated in the context of therapeutic interventions, real‐life and observational studies. This report summarises the central themes and lessons derived in the assessment and use of PROMs amongst adults with diabetes. Effective assessment of PROMs routinely in clinical research is crucial to understanding the true impact of any intervention. Selecting appropriate measures, relevant to the specific factors of PROs important in the research study will provide valuable data alongside physical health data.
Once‐daily oral small‐molecule glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist lotiglipron (PF‐07081532) for type 2 diabetes and obesity: Two randomized, placebo‐controlled, multiple‐ascending‐dose Phase 1 studies
Authors: Buckeridge Clare , Tsamandouras Nikolaos , Carvajal‐Gonzalez Santos , Brown Lisa S. , Hernandez‐Illas Martha , Saxena Aditi R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimTo investigate the effects of lotiglipron (PF‐07081532), a once‐daily, oral small‐molecule glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist, in participants with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and/or obesity.Materials and MethodsTwo Phase 1 randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, multiple‐ascending‐dose studies were conducted to investigate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of lotiglipron.ResultsAcross the studies, 74 participants with T2D were treated for 28 or 42 days, and 26 participants with obesity without diabetes were treated for 42 days, following randomization to placebo or lotiglipron (target doses 10–180 mg/day, with dose titration to higher target doses). Most adverse events were mild (89.6%), with nausea the most frequently reported in both studies. There were no clinically meaningful adverse trends noted in safety laboratory tests, vital signs, or electrocardiogram parameters. In participants with T2D, lotiglipron resulted in dose‐dependent reductions in mean daily glucose. The 180‐mg dose was associated with least squares mean decreases from baseline in glycated haemoglobin (−1.61% [90% confidence interval {CI} –2.08, −1.14] vs. −0.61% [−1.56, 0.34] for placebo) and body weight (−5.10 kg [90% CI –6.62, −3.58] vs. −2.06 kg [90% CI –4.47, 0.36] for placebo) after 42 days; a similar magnitude of weight loss was seen in participants with obesity. The observed pharmacokinetic profile supported once‐daily dosing.ConclusionsThe profile of once‐daily lotiglipron with doses up to 180 mg, as observed in these two Phase 1 studies, indicated a safety and tolerability profile consistent with the mechanism of action, with dose‐dependent reductions in glycaemic indices (T2D) and body weight (both populations) after multiple doses. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT04305587, NCT05158244.
Clinical photography and documentation after traumatic dental injuries
Authors: Tzimpoulas Nestor , Sotiropoulou Sofia , Tewari Nitesh 
Published: May 2024

AbstractClinical photographic documentation is recommended as part of the standardized clinical evaluation of traumatized patients according to the most current International Association of Dental Traumatology guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs), published in 2020. The use of current technology such as mobile smartphones and the emergence of teledentistry for direct communication between dentists and with patients have increased the need to improve the knowledge and skills for contemporary clinical photographic documentation procedures at the dental office as well as at the accident site. The purpose of this review is to include findings from the available literature and discuss modern techniques, contemporary equipment, accessories and developments that can be used by both patients and dental professionals for proper clinical documentation after TDIs. Emphasis is given on the positioning and patient management based on the type and severity of the injury, and the selection of the appropriate technique. Moreover, the number and type of clinical photographs for each dental trauma scenario, the suggested timeline for optimal photographic documentation as well as legal considerations involved are also discussed.
The arousal level of consciousness required for working memory performance: An anaesthesia study
Authors: Osaka Mariko , Minamoto Takehiro , Ikeda Takashi , Nakae Aya , Hagihira Satoshi , Ito Hiroshi , Fujino Yuji , Mashimo Takashi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRegarding the stage of arousal level required for working memory to function properly, limited studies have been conducted on changes in working memory performance when the arousal level of consciousness decreases. This study aimed to experimentally clarify the stages of consciousness necessary for optimal working memory function. In this experiment, the sedation levels were changed step‐by‐step using anaesthesia, and the performance accuracy during the execution of working memory was assessed using a dual‐task paradigm. Participants were required to categorize and remember words in a specific target category. Categorization performance was measured across four different sedative phases: before anaesthesia (baseline), and deep, moderate and light stages of sedation. Short‐delay recognition tasks were performed under these four sedative stages, followed by long‐delay recognition tasks after participants recovered from sedation. The results of the short‐delay recognition task showed that the performance was lowest at the deep stage. The performance of the moderate stage was lower than the baseline. In the long‐delay recognition task, the performance under moderate sedation was lower than that under baseline and light sedation. In addition, the performance under light sedation was lower than that under baseline. These results suggest that task performance becomes difficult under half sedation and that transferring information to long‐term memory is difficult even under one‐quarter sedation.
Cellular resolution contributions to ictal population signals
Authors: Lau Lauren A. , Zhao Zhuoyang , Gomperts Stephen N. , Staley Kevin J. , Lillis Kyle P. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe increased amplitude of ictal activity is a common feature of epileptic seizures, but the determinants of this amplitude have not been identified. Clinically, ictal amplitudes are measured electrographically (using, e.g., electroencephalography, electrocorticography, and depth electrodes), but these methods do not enable the assessment of the activity of individual neurons. Population signal may increase from three potential sources: (1) increased synchrony (i.e., more coactive neurons); (2) altered active state, from bursts of action potentials and/or paroxysmal depolarizing shifts in membrane potential; and (3) altered subthreshold state, which includes all lower levels of activity. Here, we quantify the fraction of ictal signal from each source.MethodsTo identify the cellular determinants of the ictal signal, we measured single cell and population electrical activity and neuronal calcium levels via optical imaging of the genetically encoded calcium indicator (GECI) GCaMP. Spontaneous seizure activity was assessed with microendoscopy in an APP/PS1 mouse with focal cortical injury and via widefield imaging in the organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHSCs) model of posttraumatic epilepsy. Single cell calcium signals were linked to a range of electrical activities by performing simultaneous GECI‐based calcium imaging and whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings in spontaneously seizing OHSCs. Neuronal resolution calcium imaging of spontaneous seizures was then used to quantify the cellular contributions to population‐level ictal signal.ResultsThe seizure onset signal was primarily driven by increased subthreshold activity, consistent with either barrages of excitatory postsynaptic potentials or sustained membrane depolarization. Unsurprisingly, more neurons entered the active state as seizure activity progressed. However, the increasing fraction of active cells was primarily driven by synchronous reactivation and not from continued recruitment of new populations of neurons into the seizure.SignificanceThis work provides a critical link between single neuron activity and population measures of seizure activity.
Dexmedetomidine preconditioning reduces ischaemia–reperfusion injury in equine model of large colon volvulus
Authors: Watkins Amanda , Engiles Julie , Long Alicia , Brandly Jerrianne , Hopster Klaus 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundLarge colon volvulus is a cause of colic in horses with high morbidity and mortality when not promptly treated. More treatment options are needed to improve the outcome of these cases by protecting against the damage caused by ischaemia and reperfusion injury.ObjectivesTo determine the effect of preconditioning with dexmedetomidine prior to induction of ischaemia–reperfusion (IR) injury in a large colon volvulus model in the horse.Study designRandomised blinded in vivo experiments.MethodsHorses received either a dexmedetomidine (DEX) or saline (CON) constant rate infusion (CRI) immediately following induction of anaesthesia. Venous, arterial, and transmural occlusion of a section of the large colon was performed for 3 h, after which the ligatures and clamps were removed to allow for reperfusion for 3 h. Biopsies of the large colon were taken at baseline, 1 and 3 h of ischaemia, and at 1 and 3 h of reperfusion.ResultsThe severity of crypt epithelial loss (DEX = 2.1 [0.8–2.8], CON = 3.1 [2.5–4], p = 0.03) and mucosal haemorrhage was decreased (DEX = 2.1 [1.3–3], CON = 3.5 [2.5–4], p = 0.03) in group DEX compared to group CON when graded on a scale of 0–4. Crypt length remained longer (DEX = 369.5 ± 91.7 μm, CON = 238.5 ± 72.6 μm, p = 0.02) and interstitium to crypt (I:C) ratio remained lower (DEX = 1.4 (1–1.7), CON = 2.6 [1.8–5.9], p = 0.03) in group DEX compared to group CON during reperfusion.Main limitationsClinical applicability of pharmacologic preconditioning is limited.ConclusionPreconditioning with a dexmedetomidine CRI prior to IR injury demonstrated a protective effect histologically on the large colon in the horse. Further investigation into postconditioning with dexmedetomidine is warranted as a possible intervention in colic cases suspected of being large colon volvulus.