bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning from Positive and Negative Monetary Feedback in Patients with Alcohol Dependence
Authors: Rustemeier Martina , Römling Juliane , Czybulka Christine , Reymann Gerhard , Daum Irene , Bellebaum Christian 
Published: March 2012

BackgroundChronic and excessive consumption of alcohol is associated with structural, physiological, and functional changes in multiple regions of the human brain including the prefrontal cortex, the medial temporal lobe, and the structures of the reward system. The present study aimed to assess the ability of alcohol‐dependent patients (ADP) to learn probabilistic stimulus–reward contingencies and to transfer the acquired knowledge to new contexts. During transfer, the relative preference to learn from positive or negative feedback was also assessed.MethodsTwenty‐four recently detoxified ADP and 20 healthy controls engaged in a feedback learning task with monetary rewards. The learning performance per se and transfer performance including positive versus negative learning were examined, as well as the relationship between different learning variables and variables comprising alcohol and nicotine consumption patterns, depression, and personality traits (harm avoidance and impulsivity).ResultsPatients did not show a significant general learning deficit in the acquisition of stimulus–response–outcome associations. Fifteen healthy subjects and 13 patients reached the transfer phase, in which ADP showed generally lower performance than healthy controls. There was no specific deficit with regard to learning from positive or negative feedback. The only near‐significant (negative) correlation between learning variables and drug consumption patterns, depression, and personality traits emerged for harm avoidance and positive learning in controls.ConclusionsImpaired transfer performance suggests that ADP had problems applying their acquired knowledge in a new context. Potential relations to dysfunctions of specific brain structures and implications of the finding for therapy are discussed.
Desplazamiento de trabajadores, ampliaciones de la Unión Europea y mundialización de los servicios
Authors: LALANNE Stéphane 
Published: March 2012

Resumen.Europa occidental es la región del mundo desarrollado más favorable a los desplazamientos de trabajadores, pues la liberalización de los mismos comenzó ya con la estrategia para el mercado interior de los servicios. Ahora bien, las ampliaciones de la Unión Europea hacia el este han ahondado las desigualdades salariales entre naciones y el peligro de dumpin social. Debido a la enérgica oposición manifestada por ciertos países, las autoridades comunitarias se vieron obligadas a mejorar la protección de estos trabajadores. El mercado interior europeo, laboratorio de la mundialización, demuestra que es necesario implantar salvaguardias como contrapartida de la liberalización de los desplazamientos.
Trabajo durante la primaria y aprovechamiento escolar en Chile, Colombia, Ecuador y Perú
Authors: POST David 
Published: March 2012

Resumen.En toda América Latina son muchos los estudiantes que hacen trabajo extraescolar durante sus estudios obligatorios, ya sea en su hogar o fuera de él. El autor usa modelos econométricos para averiguar la influencia del mismo en las puntuaciones de los estudiantes en matemáticas y en lectura al término de la enseñanza primaria. Incluso después de considerar el factor de que los alumnos que trabajan sean más numerosos en las escuelas peores, comprueba que el trabajo perjudica mucho el aprovechamiento escolar, sobre todo a los que lo desempeñan durante cuatro horas diarias o más.
Trabajo decente en las redes productivas mundiales. Marco del debate programático
Authors: BARRIENTOS Stephanie , MAYER Frederick , PICKLES John , POSTHUMA Anne 
Published: March 2012

Resumen.Los autores presentan esta sección monográfica de la Revista Internacional del Trabajo titulada «Trabajo decente en las redes productivas mundiales». Su objetivo es estudiar los retos que plantean estas redes que están transformando la estructura del comercio, la producción y el empleo en la economía globalizada actual. Los firmantes definen el concepto de progreso (y el de retroceso) en los ámbitos económico y social que se usan para investigar los efectos de las redes. Por último, estudian las iniciativas que han adoptado los Estados y otros agentes para subsanar el «déficit de gobernanza mundial» y el déficit consiguiente de trabajo decente que ha traído consigo la expansión de dichas redes.
La reglamentación de la jornada laboral en los Estados Unidos y Europa
Authors: Dembe Allard E. 
Published: March 2012

Resumen.El tiempo de trabajo se reglamentó por vez primera en la Inglaterra del siglo XIX debido a la situación que sufrían las mujeres y los niños empleados en las fábricas, y la normativa estadounidense surgió después como reacción al malestar social. A lo largo del siglo XX se sigue acortando la jornada laboral con el propósito de repartir mejor el empleo disponible a fin de atajar el desempleo. Durante los últimos veinte años se adopta la directiva europea al respecto y hay una presión política constante para reducir el desempleo y para que la seguridad en el trabajo abarque la ergonomía y las cuestiones de organización.
Plexiform melanocytic schwannoma: a mimic of melanoma
Authors: Yeh Iwei , Argenyi Zsolt , Vemula Swapna S. , Furmanczyk Paul S. , Bouffard Danielle , McCalmont Timothy H. 
Published: March 2012

We present a unique dermal tumor for which we propose the term plexiform melanocytic schwanomma. The proliferation consisted of lobules of epithelioid and spindled cells with S100, Melan‐A and HMB‐45 positivity but without obvious melanin pigmentation. The nuclei were moderately pleomorphic in some areas, and in a few areas the mitotic index was elevated. Schwannian differentiation was inferred from the presence of areas with nuclear palisading resembling Verocay bodies, from plexiform architecture and from the presence of a thin rim of EMA positivity around the tumor. Array‐based comparative genomic hybridization showed genomic losses that overlap with those seen in sporadic schwanomma. The differential diagnosis included melanoma, melanotic schwannoma and cutaneous melanocytoneuroma, and we compare and contrast our case with these entities.Yeh I, Argenyi Z, Vemula SS, Furmanczyk PS, Bouffard D, McCalmont TH. Plexiform melanocytic schwannoma: a mimic of melanoma.
Retracted: Rehabilitation of the Atrophic Posterior Maxilla Using Short Implants or Sinus Augmentation with Simultaneous Standard‐Length Implant Placement: A 3‐Year Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Pieri Francesco , Aldini Nicolò Nicoli , Fini Milena , Marchetti Claudio , Corinaldesi Giuseppe 
Published: March 2012

Retraction: The following article from Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research, “Rehabilitation of the Atrophic Posterior Maxilla Using Short Implants or Sinus Augmentation with Simultaneous Standard‐Length Implant Placement: A 3‐Year Randomized Clinical Trial”, by Francesco Pieri, Nicolò Nicoli Aldini, Milena Fini, Claudio Marchetti & Giuseppe Corinaldesi, published online on 15 March 2012 in Wiley Online Library (http://www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com), has been retracted by agreement between the journal Editors‐in‐Chief, William Becker and Lars Sennerby, and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. The retraction has been agreed due to the failure by the authors to respond to inquiries from the Editors‐in‐Chief regarding the provenance of the Astra implants prior to their release; approval of the study protocol; where the implants were placed; and the names and location of the patients who received the above implants.REFERENCEFrancesco Pieri, Nicolò Nicoli Aldini, Milena Fini, Claudio Marchetti, Giuseppe Corinaldesi (2012) Rehabilitation of the atrophic posterior maxilla using short implants or sinus augmentation with simultaneous standard‐length implant placement: A 3‐year randomized clinical trial. Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research, doi: 10.1111/j.1708‐8208.2012.00451.x
Efectividad de las pensiones contributivas y financiadas con cargo a los impuestos de la seguridad social en América Central y efectos de la crisis mundial
Authors: Mesa‐Lago Carmelo 
Published: March 2012

ResumenDurante los últimos treinta años, América Latina ha sido pionera en la realización de reformas estructurales de las pensiones. Este artículo se centra en una muestra regional representativa formada por siete países de América Central con diferentes niveles de desarrollo (Belice, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua y Panamá), y estudia las pensiones contributivas y financiadas con cargo a los impuestos, así como las recientes reformas de las pensiones. Evalúa de manera comparada la efectividad de los regímenes de pensión, basándose en los siguientes principios de la seguridad social: unidad, cobertura universal, adecuación de las prestaciones, igualdad de trato, solidaridad social e igualdad de género, y sostenibilidad financiera. Analiza también el efecto de la crisis mundial en los regímenes de pensiones de estos países, hace hincapié en las diferencias entre las pensiones públicas y privadas, y extrae enseñanzas y sugiere políticas para el futuro.
La eficacia del ingreso mínimo garantizado en Luxemburgo
Authors: Amétépé Fofo 
Published: March 2012

ResumenA partir de los datos de 2007 este artículo analiza la eficacia del ingreso mínimo garantizado (IMG) en Luxemburgo. En primer lugar, examinamos la eficacia comparando la proporción de hogares elegibles según se apliquen los requisitos de 2007 o de 1986. Observamos que el 5,5 por ciento de los hogares son elegibles con los requisitos de 2007 y el 3,75 por ciento con los requisitos de 1986. Esto indica que la flexibilización de los requisitos permitió llegar a más hogares pobres. El artículo analiza luego la eficacia desde otra perspectiva, el índice de abstención en 2007. Dos tercios de los hogares elegibles no recurren al IMG. Los análisis de regresión de los potenciales determinantes de la abstención confirmaron las hipótesis que suele postular la bibliografía sobre el tema, en particular el factor pecuniario —el beneficio neto obtenido del IMG— y la estigmatización, que explican en gran parte la abstención del IMG.
Trends and Characteristics of Culture-Confirmed Staphylococcus aureus Infections in a Large U.S. Integrated Health Care Organization
Authors: Ray G. Thomas , Suaya Jose A. , Baxter Roger 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT

Infections due to
Staphylococcus aureus
present a significant health problem in the United States. Between 1990 and 2005, there was a dramatic increase in community-associated methicillin-resistant
S. aureus
(MRSA), but recent reports suggest that MRSA may be declining. We retrospectively identified
S. aureus
isolates (
n
= 133,450) that were obtained from patients in a large integrated health plan between 1 January 1998 and 31 December 2009. Trends over time in MRSA were analyzed, and demographic risk factors for MRSA versus methicillin-susceptible
S. aureus
(MSSA) were identified. The percentage of
S. aureus
isolates that were MRSA increased from 9% to 20% between 1998 and 2001 and from 25% to 49% between 2002 and 2005 and decreased from 49% to 43% between 2006 and 2009. The increase in MRSA was seen in blood and in other bacteriological specimens and occurred in all age and race/ethnicity groups, though it was most pronounced in persons aged 18 to <50 years and African-Americans. Hospital onset infections were the most likely to be MRSA (odds ratio [OR], 1.58; confidence interval [CI], 1.46 to 1.70, compared to community-associated cases), but the largest increase in MRSA was in community-associated infections. Isolates from African-Americans (OR, 1.73; CI, 1.64 to 1.82) and Hispanics (OR, 1.11; CI, 1.06 to 1.16) were more likely to be MRSA than those from whites. After substantial increases between 1998 and 2005 in the proportion of
S. aureus
isolates that were MRSA, the proportion decreased between 2006 and 2009. Hospital onset
S. aureus
infections are disproportionately MRSA, as are those among African-Americans.
Comparison of Seven Tests for High-Grade Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia in Women with Abnormal Smears: the Predictors 2 Study
Authors: Szarewski Anne , Mesher David , Cadman Louise , Austin Janet , Ashdown-Barr Lesley , Ho Linda , Terry George , Liddle Stuart , Young Martin , Stoler Mark , McCarthy Julie , Wright Corrina , Bergeron Christine , Soutter W. P , Lyons Deirdre , Cuzick Jack 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT

High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA/RNA testing provides higher sensitivity but lower specificity than cytology for the identification of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Several new HPV tests are now available for this purpose, and a direct comparison of their properties is needed. Seven tests were evaluated with samples in liquid PreservCyt transport medium from 1,099 women referred for colposcopy: the Hybrid Capture 2 (Qiagen), Cobas (Roche), PreTect HPV-Proofer (NorChip), Aptima HPV (Gen-Probe), and Abbott RealTi
m
e assays, the BD HPV test, and CINtec p16
INK4a
cytology (mtm laboratories) immunocytochemistry. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value (PPV) were based on the worst histology found on either the biopsy or the treatment specimen after central review. Three hundred fifty-nine women (32.7%) had CIN grade 2+ (CIN2+), with 224 (20.4%) having CIN3+. For detection of CIN2+, Hybrid Capture 2 had 96.3% sensitivity, 19.5% specificity, and 37.4% PPV. Cobas had 95.2% sensitivity, 24.0% specificity, and 37.6% PPV. The BD HPV test had 95.0% sensitivity, 24.2% specificity, and 37.8% PPV. Abbott RealTi
m
e had 93.3% sensitivity, 27.3% specificity, and 38.2% PPV. Aptima had 95.3% sensitivity, 28.8% specificity, and 39.3% PPV. PreTect HPV-Proofer had 74.1% sensitivity, 70.8% specificity, and 55.4% PPV. CINtec p16
INK4a
cytology had 85.7% sensitivity, 54.7% specificity, and 49.1% PPV. Cytology of a specimen taken at colposcopy (mild dyskaryosis or worse) had 88.9% sensitivity, 58.1% specificity, and 50.7% PPV. Our study confirms that, in a referral setting, HPV testing by a number of different tests provides high sensitivity for high-grade disease. Further work is needed to confirm these findings in a routine screening setting.
Frequency of Microbiologically Correct Antibiotic Therapy Increased by Infectious Disease Consultations and Microbiological Results
Authors: Kerremans J. J. , Verbrugh H. A. , Vos M. C. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT

In a prospective observational study of bacteremic patients we ascertained the influence of different parts of culture results on the correctness of empirical antibiotic therapy. Ninety-three bacteremic patients requiring antibiotic treatment were included. Patients who had consultations with an infectious disease consultation service before they became bacteremic received microbiologically correct empirical antibiotic therapy more often than those who did not have such consultations (75% versus 53%;
P
= 0.03). As a direct result of Gram staining, 92% of all patients received microbiologically correct antibiotic therapy.
Simultaneous Identification of 29 Prevalent Invasive Pneumococcal Serotypes or Pairs of Serotypes by Hybridization-Ligation PCR
Authors: Ortega Doménech Montserrat , Tarragó Asensio David 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT
A hybridization-ligation PCR assay was developed for the simultaneous detection and identification of 21 pneumococcal serotypes and 8 pairs of serotypes in the same serogroup: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 6C-6D, 7F-7A, 8, 9A-9V, 9N-9L, 11A, 14, 15B-15C, 16F, 17F, 18B-18C, 19A, 19F, 20, 21, 22A-22F, 23A, 23B, 23F, 28A-28F, 35B and 38. This novel assay was validated with 185 serotyped pneumococcal invasive clinical isolates and 57 culture-negative pleural fluids previously typed by real-time PCR.
Dietary Cadmium Exposure and Risk of Postmenopausal Breast Cancer: A Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Julin Bettina , Wolk Alicja , Bergkvist Leif , Bottai Matteo , Åkesson Agneta 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The ubiquitous food contaminant cadmium has features of an estrogen mimetic that may promote the development of estrogen-dependent malignancies, such as breast cancer. However, no prospective studies of cadmium exposure and breast cancer risk have been reported. We examined the association between dietary cadmium exposure (at baseline, 1987) and the risk of overall and estrogen receptor (ER)–defined (ER+ or ER−) breast cancer within a population-based prospective cohort of 55,987 postmenopausal women. During an average of 12.2 years of follow-up, 2,112 incident cases of invasive breast cancer were ascertained (1,626 ER+ and 290 ER−). After adjusting for confounders, including consumption of whole grains and vegetables (which account for 40% of the dietary exposure, but also contain putative anticarcinogenic phytochemicals), dietary cadmium intake was positively associated with overall breast cancer tumors, comparing the highest tertile with the lowest [rate ratio (RR), 1.21; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.07–1.36; Ptrend = 0.02]. Among lean and normal weight women, statistically significant associations were observed for all tumors (RR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.07–1.50) and for ER+ tumors (RR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.03–1.52) and similar, but not statistically significant associations were found for ER− tumors (RR, 1.22; 95% CI, 0.76–1.93). The risk of breast cancer increased with increasing cadmium exposure similarly within each tertile of whole grain/vegetable consumption and decreased with increasing consumption of whole grain/vegetables within each tertile of cadmium exposure (Pinteraction = 0.73). Overall, these results suggest a role for dietary cadmium in postmenopausal breast cancer development. Cancer Res; 72(6); 1459–66. ©2012 AACR.
Harinarayana Bhatt (ed.), The Commentary of Vistubhatta on the Anargharāaghava of Murāri. Critical edition. Volume I:The Commentary of Visnubhatta. Volume II: The Anargharāghava of Murāri as Read by Visnubhatta, Notes, Appendices
Authors: Steiner  
Published: March 2012

AbstractNo Abstract
Le mazdéisme politique de Darius Ier
Authors: Pirart É.  
Published: March 2012

AbstractA new examination of the events of 522 and 521 as they are recounted in the Bisotun inscription and by the classical authors leads to identifying the ins and outs of the accession of Darius: it is clear that the religious dimension of the military and economic organization reform was significant. The Bisotun inscription, already in itself, is that of a text we have to describe as religious: the place, the form, the language and the contents vouch for it. The religious power is confiscated from the Medes, and Darius, besides the fact he is the king of kings, becomes the supreme mazdayasnian authority, the successor to Zoroaster: the royal onomastics clearly shows its effects; according to the Darius' royal ideology as it is conserved in the Ša¯h-na¯ama, ``before Darius'', in practice, amounts to saying ``before the Achaemenids'', for the family of the Teispes, Cyrus and Cambyses has been absorbed in the Darius' one (blood alliance); on the other hand, for the mede dynasty was erased from the history, before Darius, there is only the mythical model: the Kavis, who are priests-kings and not mere kings. The absorption of the Teispes family turns the Darius' lie into a truth which his victory over the rebels ratified/legalized while those latter are liers whose lie is established by their defeat. To pay the tax amounts to settling fees which are owed to the officiant: to govern is a sacrificial ceremony. Therefore, we understand better why the satrap who makes sure that the taxes are paid is named ``protector of the hold (the king has over the deity)''. In passing, propositions are made to give etymological or semantical explanation for the following words and names: Achemenes fn. 125; OP a¯-gariya- fn. 101; OP ahura- fn. 6, fn. 115; OP ahuramazda¯- § 12; OP arika- fn. 102; Artaphernes fn. 118; Artaxerxes § 7; OP arya- § 11; Aryenis § 1; OP baga- fn. 37; Bagistanon/Bisitun § 9; Cyrus fn. 24, § 15; OP anhati fn. 51; Darius § 7; De¯rousiaîoi fn. 47; OP draujana- fn. 102; OP hamiçiya- fn. 102; Oropastes and Patizeithes § 24; OP rdu-mani¯ša- fn. 125; OP magu- § 13; satrape § 19 sq.; Av. spenta- fn. 114; Xerxes fn. 27; Av. zarauštra- fn. 47; Av. zarauštro¯o.tema-§ 12; OP zurah-kara- fn. 102.
Diakonov, Igor Michailovič and Vladimir Andronovič Livshits, Parthian Economic Documents from Nisa. Texts I (Fascicle 3) edited by David Neil MacKenzie, Andrei N. Bader and Nicolas Sims-Williams [Corpus Inscriptionum Iranicarum. Part II Inscriptions of the Seleucid and Parthian Periods and of Eastern Iran and Central Asia. Volume II Parthian]
Authors: Degener  
Published: March 2012

AbstractNo Abstract
Vedisch Kapaná
Authors: Mayrhofer Manfred 
Published: March 2012

AbstractZu den vielen schönen und evidenten baltisch-indoiranischen Wortgleichungen, die H. W. Bailey in den letzten Jahren veröffentlicht hat, zählt auch die Zusammenstellung von lit. kópti “steigen, klettern”, lett. kâpt “dss.” mit iran. *kap- in mittelparth. kf-, kft, zor.-pehlevi kaft usw., das (über “ab-steigen”) die Bedeutung “fallen” entwickelt hat. Eine indische Entsprechung wird dazu nicht gegeben. Aber so, wie Bailey kürzlich in dieser Zeitschrift der verbalen Übereinstimmung von lit. šaũkti “nennen” und iran. *sauk- in khotansakisch sūch- “nennen” u.a. auf indischer Seite nur die Tierbezeichnung ved. śúk-a- “*Sprecher, Nenner” > “Papagei” angeschlossen hat, so scheint uns auch zu balt. kāp-/iran. kap- eine vereinzelte vedische Entsprechung noch in der Bezeichnung eines Tieres vorzuliegen: in RV 5,54,6 kapaná- f. “Raupe”.
THE JāNā-Passive in the Nia. Languages
Authors: Schokker G. H. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn his stimulating study of the Hindi passive (Untersuchungen zur Syntax des Hindi) P. Gaeffke states: “Neben den bisher behandelten Passiva [i.e. the old Hindi types in -iyai, -iyata] begegnen in allen Hindidialekten mit dem Verbum JāNā zusammengesetzte Formen. Sie sind in den Prakrits noch nicht vorhanden, ebenso fehlen sie im Altmarathi. Vidyāpati (Padāvali) dagegen besitzt ein solches Passiv. Das heisst, es wird nicht vor der Übergangsperiode entstanden sein, in der sich die (gesprochenen) späten Prakritdialekte zu den neuindoarischen Sprachen entwickelten.”
A Newly Discovered Urga Edition of the Tibetan Kanjur
Authors: Chandra Lokesh 
Published: March 2012

AbstractDuring his extensive travels in search of materials for the Śatapitaka, Prof. Dr. Raghu Vira undertook a journey to the Mongolian People's Republic (M.P.R.) at the invitation of the Committee of Sciences, Ulanbator. Inter alia, he discovered a hitherto unkown edition of the Tibetan Kanjur which was revised and printed in Urga during the sway of the eighth and last Jibcundampa (rje-btsun-dam-pa). Prof. Raghu Vira was told that only two copies were printed. The xylographic blocks are no longer extant. One copy is in the State Library at Ulanbator, and the other is now on the shelves of the International Academy of Indian Culture, New Delhi. It was presented to Prof. Dr. Raghu Vira in December 1955, by His Excellency Mr. U. Tsedenbal, the Prime Minister of the M.P.R.