bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Threat as a feature in visual semantic object memory
Authors: Calley Clifford S. , Motes Michael A. , Chiang H‐Sheng , Buhl Virginia , Spence Jeffrey S. , Abdi Hervé , Anand Raksha , Maguire Mandy , Estevez Leonardo , Briggs Richard , Freeman Thomas , Kraut Michael A. , Hart John 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThreatening stimuli have been found to modulate visual processes related to perception and attention. The present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study investigated whether threat modulates visual object recognition of man‐made and naturally occurring categories of stimuli. Compared with nonthreatening pictures, threatening pictures of real items elicited larger fMRI BOLD signal changes in medial visual cortices extending inferiorly into the temporo‐occipital (TO) “what” pathways. This region elicited greater signal changes for threatening items compared to nonthreatening from both the natural‐occurring and man‐made stimulus supraordinate categories, demonstrating a featural component to these visual processing areas. Two additional loci of signal changes within more lateral inferior TO areas (bilateral BA18 and 19 as well as the right ventral temporal lobe) were detected for a category–feature interaction, with stronger responses to man‐made (category) threatening (feature) stimuli than to natural threats. The findings are discussed in terms of visual recognition of processing efficiently or rapidly groups of items that confer an advantage for survival. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Differences in cortico‐striatal‐cerebellar activation during working memory in syndromal and nonsyndromal children with prenatal alcohol exposure
Authors: Diwadkar Vaibhav A. , Meintjes Ernesta M. , Goradia Dhruman , Dodge Neil C. , Warton Christopher , Molteno Christopher D. , Jacobson Sandra W. , Jacobson Joseph L. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAlthough children with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure may exhibit the distinctive facial dysmorphology seen in full or partial fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS/PFAS), many lack that dysmorphology. This study examined the functional organization of working memory in the brain in three groups of children—those meeting diagnostic criteria for FAS or PFAS, heavily exposed (HE) nonsyndromal children, and healthy controls. A verbal n‐back task (1‐back and 0‐back) was administered to 47 children (17 with FAS/PFAS, 13 HE, and 17 controls) during fMRI. Intra‐group one‐sample t‐tests were used to identify activity regions of interest central to verbal working memory including the dorsal prefrontal cortex (dPFC), inferior frontal gyrus, caudate/putamen, parietal cortex, and cerebellar Crus I/lobule VI and lobule VIIB‐IX. Whereas groups did not differ in task sensitivity, fMRI analyses suggested different patterns of sub‐network recruitment across groups. Controls primarily recruited left inferior frontal gyrus (Broca's area). By contrast, HE primarily recruited an extensive set of fronto‐striatal regions, including left dPFC and left caudate, and the FAS/PFAS group relied primarily on two cerebellar subregions and parietal cortex. This study is, to our knowledge, the first to demonstrate differential recruitment of critical brain regions that subserve basic function in children with different fetal alcohol spectrum disorders compared to controls. The distinct activation patterns seen in the two exposed groups may be related to substantial differences in alcohol dose/occasion to which these groups were exposed in utero. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intensification of sequencing batch reactors by cometabolism and bioaugmentation with Pseudomonas putida for the biodegradation of 4‐chlorophenol
Authors: Monsalvo Victor M. , Tobajas Montserrat , Mohedano Angel F. , Rodriguez Juan J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: This study is focused on the application of intensified biological systems for the degradation of halogenated organic compounds. The single and combined effects of cometabolism and bioaugmentation with Pseudomonas putida on the aerobic degradation of 4‐chlorophenol (4‐CP) in sequencing batch reactors was studied. Phenol was added as growth substrate to enhance 4‐CP biodegradation through cometabolic transformation.RESULTS: Adaptation of activated sludge by increasing 4‐CP loads aimed at a progressive acclimation to that compound, which could be successfully degraded at loading rates below 55 mg g−1 VSS d−1. Using phenol as cosusbtrate allowed almost a threefold decrease of the time required for the exhaustion of 4‐CP. The addition of phenol also reduced the toxic effect of 4‐CP over P. putida. The bioaugmentation of the SBR with P. putida enhanced the 4‐CP removal rate, allowing the SBR to deal with 4‐CP loads up to 120 mg g−1 VSS d−1.CONCLUSION: Bioaugmentation of SBR with P. putida improves the capacity of this system to withstand high toxic shocks. Cometabolic degradation of 4‐CP with phenol improves the removal rates achieved by the SBR at similar 4‐CP loads. Both strategies are more convenient intensification techniques than acclimation for the biological treatment of 4‐CP. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluation of associative effects of total mixed ration for dairy cattle using in vitro gas production and different rumen inocula
Authors: Metzler‐Zebeli Barbara U , Scherr Christina , Sallaku Enkelejda , Drochner Winfried , Zebeli Qendrim 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Current feed evaluation systems for dairy cattle assume that nutritive values of feed components can be added, but do not take into account possible interactions among feed components. The main objective of this study was to investigate associative effects on in vitro gas production from total mixed ration (TMR), based on grass silage and cereal concentrate, and separate TMR components. TMR was incubated with inocula of free rumen liquid (FRL) and particle‐associated rumen liquid (PAL) for 48 h and donor cows were fed TMRs with three different particle sizes to evaluate their influence on associative effects.RESULTS: Associative effects on gas production largely occurred at 2 and 4 h of incubation and dissipated with time of incubation. Incubation of TMR with PAL increased (P < 0.01) gas production compared to FRL at all incubation times; however, associative effects were not different between rumen inocula. Dietary particle size affected associative effects on gas production when TMR was incubated with FRL (P < 0.05) compared to PAL, particularly at early hours of incubation.CONCLUSIONS: Associative effects at early incubation hours emphasise that summing the nutritive values of feedstuffs may underestimate fermentation intensity of TMR which may have implications for prediction of ruminal fermentation yield. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Genotypic differences in zinc efficiency of Chinese maize evaluated in a pot experiment
Authors: Karim Md. Rezaul , Zhang Yue‐Qiang , Tian Di , Chen Fan‐Jun , Zhang Fu‐Suo , Zou Chun‐Qin 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Zinc (Zn) deficiency, a major problem limiting crop production worldwide, is common on calcareous soils of China. Using such a Zn‐deficient soil supplied adequately with plant mineral nutrients, with or without Zn, 30 Chinese maize genotypes were grown for 30 days in a greenhouse pot experiment and assessed for Zn efficiency (ZE), measured as relative biomass under Zn‐limiting compared with non‐limiting conditions.RESULTS: Substantial variation in tolerance to low Zn nutritional status was observed within the maize genotypes. Tolerant genotypes did not show Zn deficiency symptoms at the studied early seedling growth, and there was a well‐defined relationship between shoot dry matter and the ZE trait. ZE values ranged on average from 45 to 100% for shoot dry weight. Under low available soil Zn conditions, shoot and root dry weights, shoot Zn concentration and content, leaf superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, leaf area and plant height were all correlated with ZE. Shoot Zn and phosphorus (P) concentrations were negatively correlated.CONCLUSION: Three genotypes (L55 × 178, L114 × 178 and Zhongnong 99) were identified as highly Zn‐efficient and three (L53 × 178, L105 × 178 and L99 × 178) as very low in ZE. This selection allows further work to evaluate ZE based on grain yield and grain Zn concentration, including field experiments likely to benefit farmers producing maize on Chinese soils low in available Zn. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
The neuropathology of genetic Parkinson's disease
Authors: Poulopoulos Markos , Levy Oren A. , Alcalay Roy N. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractPathological data from autopsies genotyped for Parkinson's disease (PD)‐related mutations in alpha‐synuclein, Parkin, PINK1, DJ1, LRRK2, and glucocerebrosidase have accumulated in recent years. The aim of this review is to systematically review all pathological reports of mutation carriers and to identify pathological patterns and gaps in the currently available data. A systematic review of the English literature was done using the terms “Parkinson's disease,” “brain pathology,” “autopsy,” the specific gene nomenclature, and any combination of the above. Most studies included reports of convenience samples: either cases that were preidentified as mutation carriers before autopsy or screens of Lewy body brain banks. Nineteen autopsies of alpha‐synuclein mutation carriers, 49 of LRRK2 mutation carriers, nine of Parkin mutation carriers, one of a PINK1 mutation carrier, and 86 of glucocerebrosidase mutation carriers were identified. Most autopsies of alpha‐synuclein, LRRK2 G2019S, and glucocerebrosidase mutation carriers demonstrated Lewy body pathology, as opposed to Parkin and LRRK2 non‐G2019S mutation carriers. However, there was a marked variability in pathological findings, even among carriers of identical mutations. Pathological data from DJ1 mutation carriers, nonmanifesting mutation carriers (e.g., of LRRK2 mutations), and carriers of a single Parkin mutation were lacking. In gathering together all studies of PD autopsies with an identified genetic risk, this review highlights the wealth of information generated as well as shortcomings in the available data. In particular, there is a need for larger, unbiased pathological studies. Differential association of Lewy pathology with specific mutations may reflect heterogeneity in pathogenic mechanisms among the different PD‐related genes. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
Methacrylate hydrogels reinforced with bacterial cellulose
Authors: Hobzova Radka , Duskova‐Smrckova Miroslava , Michalek Jiri , Karpushkin Evgeny , Gatenholm Paul 
Published: March 2012

AbstractComposite hydrogels consisting of nanofibrous bacterial cellulose (BC) embedded in a biocompatible polymeric matrix of various methacrylates were synthesized by UV polymerization using the ‘ever‐wet’ technique. The effect of monomer(s) type and ratio, system dilution at polymerization, monomer(s) hydrophilicity, crosslink density and cellulose/hydrogel ratio was investigated. The effect of BC reinforcement on equilibrium swelling depends on whether the neat gel swells more when brought into contact with water. The major improvement achieved by introduction of 1%–2% BC concerns mechanical properties. Compared with neat gels, the storage shear modulus G′ increased by a factor 10‐20, and the loss part G″ also rose significantly. The compression modulus ranged from 2 to 5.5 MPa for composites swollen to equilibrium (20‐70 wt% water). The BC‐hydrogel composites are considered for application in the tissue engineering area. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Molecular and nanoscale factors governing pressure‐sensitive adhesion strength of viscoelastic polymers
Authors: Feldstein Mikhail M. , Siegel Ronald A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractPressure‐sensitive adhesives (PSAs) are finding increasing applications in various areas of industry and medicine. PSAs are a special class of viscoelastic polymers that form strong adhesive joints with substrates of varying chemical nature under application of light external bonding pressures (1–10 Pa) over short periods of time (1–5 s). To be a PSA, a polymer should possess both high fluidity under applied bonding pressure, to form good adhesive contact, and high cohesive strength and elasticity, which are necessary for resistance to debonding stresses and for dissipation of mechanical energy at the stage of adhesive bond failure under detaching force. For rational design of novel PSAs, molecular insight into mechanisms of their adhesive behavior is necessary. As shown in this review, strength of PSA adhesive joints is controlled by a combination of diffusion, viscoelastic, and relaxation mechanisms. At the molecular level, strong adhesion is the result of a narrow balance between two generally conflicting properties: high cohesive strength and large free volume. These conflicting properties are difficult to combine in a single polymer material. Individually, high cohesive interaction energy and large free volume are necessary but insufficient prerequisites for PSA strength. Evident correlations are observed between the adhesive bond strengths of different PSAs, and their relaxation behaviors are described by longer relaxation times. Innovative PSAs with tailored properties can be produced by physical mixing of nonadhesive long‐ and short‐chain linear parent polymers, with groups at the two ends of the short chains complementary to the functional groups in the recurring units of the long chains. Although chemical composition and molecular structure of such innovative adhesives are unrelated to those of conventional PSAs, their mechanical properties and adhesive behaviors obey the same general laws, such as the Dahlquist's criterion of tack. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2012
Respiratory management strategies for Duchenne muscular dystrophy: practice variation amongst canadian sub‐specialists
Authors: Katz Sherri L. , McKim Douglas , Hoey Lynda , Barrowman Nicholas , Kherani Tamizan , Kovesi Thomas , MacLusky Ian , Mah Jean K. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractPurposeRespiratory management of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is not well studied and may vary across centers and practitioners. Our objective was to describe and compare the respiratory management practices of Canadian Pediatric Respirologists and Neuromuscular specialists for children with DMD.MethodsA web‐based survey was sent to all 56 practicing Canadian Pediatric Respirologists and to all 24 members of the Canadian Pediatric Neuromuscular Group (CPNG) who follow children with neuromuscular diseases. The survey included 28 questions about timing and indications for respiratory consultation, sleep disordered breathing (SDB) assessments, and treatments.ResultsThirty eight (68%) pediatric respirologists and 17 (71%) CPNG members responded. Respirologists provide initial consultation after a patient's first admission to hospital with respiratory complications (14/38, 37%) and when symptoms of SDB are present (14/38, 37%). Half of the CPNG members request initial Respirology consultation at the time of DMD diagnosis. Both groups request routine pulmonary function tests. Ninety‐six percent of respirologists use maximal inspiratory (MIP) and expiratory pressures (MEP) to assess respiratory muscle strength, whereas 82% of CPNG members additionally use peak cough flow. Assessment for SDB is requested by both groups when pulmonary function is abnormal or patients are symptomatic. Respirologists favor polysomnography, whereas CPNG members use overnight pulse oximetry. Nocturnal non‐invasive ventilation and lung volume recruitment (LVR) are used in a minority of patients.ConclusionsRespirologists and CPNG members provide similar respiratory management of DMD patients, but differ in timing of consultation and choice of tests for pulmonary function and SDB. Canadian practices differ from the American Thoracic Society and Centre for Disease Control guidelines. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013; 48:59–66. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lung abscess due to non‐tuberculous, non‐Mycobacterium fortuitum in a neonate
Authors: Glatstein Miguel , Scolnik Dennis , Bensira Liat , Domany Keren Armoni , Shah Mansi , Vala Snehal 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAlthough Mycobacterium fortuitum (MF) is a non‐tuberculous mycobacterium that rarely causes disease, there are reported cases of pneumonia, lung abscess, and empyema in subjects with predisposing lung disease. We report a neonate, without predisposing disease or risk factors, who manifested pneumonia and lung abscess. The patient was initially treated with amoxicillin‐clavulanic acid and gentamycin, and subsequently with piperazilin, tazobactam, and vancomycin when there was no improvement. Pleural nodules were detected on computed tomography, and microbiology revealed MF in the absence of other pathogens and a week later the organism was identified in culture as MF, confirmed on four separate samples. The MF was sensitive to amikacin and clarithromycin and the patient was continued on oral clarithromycin for two more weeks until full recovery. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of MF abscess in a neonate. MF should be sought in similar patients, especially when microbiology fails to detect the usual pathogens, and when the clinical picture is unclear. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012. 47:1034–1037. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor gene polymorphisms and plasma levels in children with obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Khalyfa Abdelnaby , Kheirandish‐Gozal Leila , Capdevila Oscar Sans , Bhattacharjee Rakesh , Gozal David 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIntroductionObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular and metabolic dysfunction in both adults and children. In adults with OSA, serum levels of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) are elevated. Therefore, we assessed plasma MIF levels and MIF allelic variant frequencies in children with and without OSA (NOSA).MethodsA total of 614 consecutive children ages 5–8 years were recruited. Children were divided into those with OSA and NOSA based on the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI). In addition to lipid profile, hsCRP, and fasting insulin and glucose levels, plasma MIF levels were assayed using ELISA, and 28 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) covering the region were genotyped. Linkage disequilibrium and haplotype blocks were analyzed using Haploview version 4.2 software.ResultsMorning plasma MIF levels were increased in children with OSA. Of the 28 SNPs tested, the frequency of rs10433310 minor allele was significantly decreased in OSA. This SNP was also associated with reduced fasting insulin and hsCRP levels in OSA. The minor allele frequency of all other 27 SNPs was similar in OSA and NOSA groups.ConclusionsChildhood OSA is associated with higher plasma MIF, hsCRP, and fasting insulin levels that promote cardiometabolic risk, and the MIF gene SNP rs10433310 may account for some of the variance in such risk. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012. 47:1001–1011. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Polarization Calibration of the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)
Authors: Schou J. , Borrero J. M. , Norton A. A. , Tomczyk S. , Elmore D. , Card G. L. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAs part of the overall ground-based calibration of the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) instrument an extensive set of polarimetric calibrations were performed. This paper describes the polarimetric design of the instrument, the test setup, the polarimetric model, the tests performed, and some results. It is demonstrated that HMI achieves an accuracy of 1% or better on the crosstalks between Q, U, and V and that our model can reproduce the intensities in our calibration sequences to about 0.4%. The amount of depolarization is negligible when the instrument is operated as intended which, combined with the flexibility of the polarimeter design, means that the polarimetric efficiency is excellent.
The Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) Education and Outreach (E/PO) Program: Changing Perceptions One Program at a Time
Authors: Drobnes E. , Littleton A. , Pesnell W. D. , Beck K. , Buhr S. , Durscher R. , Hill S. , McCaffrey M. , McKenzie D. E. , Myers D. , Scherrer D. , Wawro M. , Wolt A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe outline the context and overall philosophy for the combined Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) Education and Public Outreach (E/PO) program, present a brief overview of all SDO E/PO programs along with more detailed highlights of a few key programs, followed by a review of our results to date, conclude a summary of the successes, failures, and lessons learned, which future missions can use as a guide, while incorporating their own content to enhance the public’s knowledge and appreciation of science and technology as well as its benefit to society.
Initial Calibration of the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)
Authors: Boerner Paul , Edwards Christopher , Lemen James , Rausch Adam , Schrijver Carolus , Shine Richard , Shing Lawrence , Stern Robert , Tarbell Theodore , Title Alan , Wolfson C. Jacob , Soufli Regina , Spiller Eberhard , Gullikson Eric , McKenzie David , Windt David , Golub Leon , Podgorski William , Testa Paola , Weber Mark 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) instrument onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) is an array of four normal-incidence reflecting telescopes that image the Sun in ten EUV and UV wavelength channels. We present the initial photometric calibration of AIA, based on preflight measurements of the response of the telescope components. The estimated accuracy is of order 25%, which is consistent with the results of comparisons with full-disk irradiance measurements and spectral models. We also describe the characterization of the instrument performance, including image resolution, alignment, camera-system gain, flat-fielding, and data compression.
Heliophysics Event Knowledgebase for the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) and Beyond
Authors: Hurlburt N. , Cheung M. , Schrijver C. , Chang L. , Freeland S. , Green S. , Heck C. , Jaffey A. , Kobashi A. , Schiff D. , Serafin J. , Seguin R. , Slater G. , Somani A. , Timmons R. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe immense volume of data generated by the suite of instruments on the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) requires new tools for efficient identifying and accessing data that is most relevant for research. We have developed the Heliophysics Events Knowledgebase (HEK) to fill this need. The HEK system combines automated data mining using feature-detection methods and high-performance visualization systems for data markup. In addition, web services and clients are provided for searching the resulting metadata, reviewing results, and efficiently accessing the data. We review these components and present examples of their use with SDO data.