bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retinal Vascular Geometry Predicts Incident Retinopathy in Young People With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Benitez-Aguirre Paul , Craig Maria E. , Sasongko Muhammad Bayu , Jenkins Alicia J. , Wong Tien Yin , Wang Jie Jin , Cheung Ning , Donaghue Kim C. 
Published: May 2011

OBJECTIVE
To examine the association between retinal vascular geometry and subsequent development of incident retinopathy in young patients with type 1 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A prospective cohort study of 736 people with type 1 diabetes aged 12 to 20 years, retinopathy-free at baseline, attending an Australian tertiary care hospital. Retinopathy was determined from seven-field retinal photographs according to the modified Airlie House Classification. Retinal vascular geometry, including length/diameter ratio (LDR) and simple tortuosity (ST), was quantified in baseline retinal photographs. Generalized estimating equations were used to determine risk of retinopathy associated with baseline LDR and ST, adjusting for other factors.

RESULTS
After a median 3.8 (interquartile range 2.4–6.1) years of follow-up, incident retinopathy developed in 287 of 736 (39%). In multivariate analysis, lower arteriolar LDR (odds ratio 1.8 [95% CI 1.2–2.6]; 1st vs. 4th quartile) and greater arteriolar ST (1.5 [1.0–2.2]; 4th vs. 1st quartile) predicted incident retinopathy after adjusting for diabetes duration, sex, A1C, blood pressure, total cholesterol, and BMI. In subgroup analysis by sex, LDR predicted incident retinopathy in male and female participants (2.1 [1.1–4.0] and 1.7 [1.1–2.7]; 1st vs. 4th quartiles, respectively) and greater arteriolar ST predicted incident retinopathy in male participants (2.4 [1.1–4.4]; 4th vs. 1st quartile) only.

CONCLUSIONS
Lower arteriolar LDR and greater ST were independently associated with incident retinopathy in young people with type 1 diabetes. These vascular geometry measures may serve as risk markers for diabetic retinopathy and provide insights into the early structural changes in diabetic microvascular complications.
Trends in Lower-Extremity Amputations in People With and Without Diabetes in Spain, 2001–2008
Authors: López-de-Andrés Ana , Martínez-Huedo María A. , Carrasco-Garrido Pilar , Hernández-Barrera Valentin , Gil-de-Miguel Ángel , Jiménez-García Rodrigo 
Published: May 2011

OBJECTIVE
To examine trends in nontraumatic lower-extremity amputations (LEAs) over an 8-year period in patients with and without diabetes in Spain.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We identified all patients who underwent an LEA using national hospital discharge data. Discharges were grouped by diabetes status: type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and no diabetes. The incidence of discharges attributed to amputations were calculated overall and stratified by diabetes status and year. We calculated length of stay and in-hospital fatality stratified by diabetes status and type of LEA.

RESULTS
From 2001 to 2008, 46,536 minor LEAs and 43,528 major LEAs were performed. In patients with type 1 diabetes, the incidence of minor and major amputations decreased significantly from 2001 to 2008 (0.88–0.43 per 100,000 inhabitants and 0.59–0.22 per 100,000 inhabitants, respectively). In patients with type 2 diabetes, the incidence of minor and major LEAs increased significantly (9.23–10.9 per 100,000 inhabitants and 7.12–7.47 per 100,000 inhabitants). Hospital stay was similar among type 1 diabetic and type 2 diabetic subjects, according to the type of LEA. Only in-hospital mortality for minor LEAs among type 1 diabetic subjects decreased significantly (4.0% in 2001 vs. 1.6% in 2008).

CONCLUSIONS
Our national data show a decrease in the incidence of major and minor LEAs in patients with type 1 diabetes and an increase among patients with type 2 diabetes. Further improvement is necessary in the preventive care and early treatment of patients with diabetes. The management of foot lesions, especially among type 2 diabetic patients, is particularly urgent.
Insulin Detemir Reduces Weight Gain as a Result of Reduced Food Intake in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Zachariah Sunil , Sheldon Ben , Shojaee-Moradie Fariba , Jackson Nicola C. , Backhouse Katharine , Johnsen Sigurd , Jones Richard H. , Umpleby A. Margot , Russell-Jones David L. 
Published: May 2011

OBJECTIVE
Insulin detemir lacks the usual propensity for insulin to cause weight gain. We investigated whether this effect was a result of reduced energy intake and/or increased energy expenditure.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A 32-week, randomized crossover design trial was undertaken in 23 patients with type 1 diabetes. Patients on a basal-bolus regimen (with insulin aspart as the bolus insulin) were randomly assigned to insulin detemir or NPH insulin as a basal insulin for 16 weeks, followed by the other basal insulin for 16 weeks. At the end of each 16-week period, total energy expenditure, resting energy expenditure, diet-induced thermogenesis, activity energy expenditure, energy intake, weight change, glycemic control, hypoglycemic episodes, and hormones that affect satiety and fuel partitioning were measured.

RESULTS
After 16 weeks, weight change was −0.69 ± 1.85 kg with insulin detemir and +1.7 ± 2.46 kg with NPH insulin (P &lt; 0.001). Total energy intake was significantly less with insulin detemir (2,016 ± 501 kcal/day) than with NPH insulin (2,181 ± 559 kcal/day) (P = 0.026). There was no significant difference in any measure of energy expenditure, HbA1c percentage, or number of hypoglycemic episodes. Leptin was lower and resistin was higher with insulin detemir compared with NPH insulin (P = 0.039, P = 0.047). After the meal, ghrelin and pancreatic polypeptide levels (P = 0.002, P = 0.001) were higher with insulin detemir.

CONCLUSIONS
The reduced weight gain with insulin detemir compared with NPH insulin is attributed to reduced energy intake rather than increased energy expenditure. This may be mediated by a direct or indirect effect of insulin detemir on the hormones that control satiety.
The Ipswich Touch Test
Authors: Rayman Gerry , Vas Prashanth R. , Baker Neil , Taylor, Charles G. , Gooday Catherine , Alder Amanda I. , Donohoe Mollie 
Published: May 2011

OBJECTIVE
To promote foot screening of inpatients with diabetes, we simplified sensory testing to lightly touching the tips of the first, third, and fifth toes (the Ipswich Touch Test [IpTT]).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Respective performances of the IpTT and 10-g monofilament (MF) were compared with a vibration perception threshold of ≥25 V indicating at-risk feet in 265 individuals. The IpTT and MF were also directly compared.

RESULTS
With ≥2 of 6 insensate areas signifying at-risk feet, sensitivities and specificities, respectively, were IpTT (77 and 90%), MF (81 and 91%); positive predictive values were IpTT (89%), MF (91%); and negative predictive values were IpTT (77%), MF (81%). Directly compared, agreement between the IpTT and MF was almost perfect (κ = 0.88, P &lt; 0.0001). Interrater agreement for the IpTT was substantial (κ = 0.68).

CONCLUSIONS
The IpTT performs well against a recognized standard for ulcer prediction. Simple to teach, reliable, without expense, and always at hand, it should encourage uptake of screening and detection of high-risk inpatients requiring foot protection.
Impaired Fasting Glucose Is Associated With Renal Hyperfiltration in the General Population
Authors: Melsom Toralf , Mathisen Ulla Dorte , Ingebretsen Ole C. , Jenssen Trond G. , Njølstad Inger , Solbu Marit D. , Toft Ingrid , Eriksen Bjørn O. 
Published: May 2011

OBJECTIVEIncreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR), also called hyperfiltration, is a proposed mechanism for renal injury in diabetes. The causes of hyperfiltration in individuals without diabetes are largely unknown, including the possible role of borderline hyperglycemia. We assessed whether impaired fasting glucose (IFG; 5.6–6.9 mmol/L), elevated HbA1c, or hyperinsulinemia are associated with hyperfiltration in the general middle-aged population.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSA total of 1,560 individuals, aged 50–62 years without diabetes, were included in the Renal Iohexol Clearance Survey in Tromsø 6 (RENIS-T6). GFR was measured as single-sample plasma iohexol clearance. Hyperfiltration was defined as GFR &gt;90th percentile, adjusted for sex, age, weight, height, and use of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors.RESULTSParticipants with IFG had a multivariable-adjusted odds ratio of 1.56 (95% CI 1.07–2.25) for hyperfiltration compared with individuals with normal fasting glucose. Odds ratios (95% CI) of hyperfiltration calculated for a 1-unit increase in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and HbA1c, after multivariable-adjustment, were 1.97 (1.36–2.85) and 2.23 (1.30–3.86). There was no association between fasting insulin levels and hyperfiltration. A nonlinear association between FPG and GFR was observed (df = 3, P &lt; 0.0001). GFR increased with higher glucose levels, with a steeper slope beginning at FPG ≥5.4 mmol/L.CONCLUSIONSBorderline hyperglycemia was associated with hyperfiltration, whereas hyperinsulinemia was not. Longitudinal studies are needed to investigate whether the hyperfiltration associated with IFG is a risk factor for renal injury in the general population.
The Effect of Zoledronic Acid on the Clinical Resolution of Charcot Neuroarthropathy
Authors: Pakarinen Toni-Karri , Laine Heikki-Jussi , Mäenpää Heikki , Mattila Pentti , Lahtela Jorma 
Published: May 2011

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the clinical efficacy of zoledronic acid in patients with diabetes and acute Charcot neuroarthropathy.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Thirty-nine consecutive patients were randomly assigned to placebo or three intravenous infusions of 4 mg zoledronic acid. The primary outcome was clinical resolution of acute Charcot neuroarthropathy determined by total immobilization time (casting plus orthosis).

RESULTS
At baseline, there was no significant difference between the randomly assigned groups with respect to Charcot disease activity or other baseline values. In the zoledronic acid group, the median time for total immobilization was 27 weeks (range 10–62), and in the placebo group it was 20 weeks (20–52) (P = 0.02).

CONCLUSIONS
Zoledronic acid had no beneficial effect on the clinical resolution of acute Charcot neuroarthropathy in terms of total immobilization time. It is possible that it may prolong the time to clinical resolution of Charcot neuroarthropathy.
Anatomical accuracy of abdominal lesion localization
Authors: Kiefer A. , Kuwert T. , Hahn D. , Hornegger J. , Uder M. , Ritt P. 
Published: May 2011

SummarySoftware-based image registration can improve the diagnostic value of imaging procedures and is an alternative to hybrid scanners. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anatomical accuracy of automatic rigid image registration of independently acquired datasets of positron emission tomography with 18F-deoxyglucose and abdominal magnetic resonance imaging. Patients, methods: Analyses were performed on 28 abdominal lesions from 20 patients. The PET data were obtained using a stand-alone PET camera in 14 cases and a hybrid PET/CT scanner in 9 cases. The abdominal T1- and T2-weighted MRI scans were acquired on 1.5 T MRI scanners. The mean time interval between MRI and PET was 7.3 days (0–28 days). Automatic rigid registration was carried out using a self-developed registration tool integrated into commercial available software (InSpace for Siemens Syngo). Distances between the centres of gravity of 28 manually delineated neoplastic lesions represented in PET and MRI were measured in X-, Y-, and Z-direction. The intra- (intraclass correlation 0.94) and inter- (intraclass correlation 0.86) observer repeatability were high. Results: The average distance in all MRI sequences was 5.2 ± 7.6 mm in X-direction, 4.0 ± 3.7 mm in Y-direction and 6.1 ± 5.1 mm in Z-direction. There was a significantly higher misalignment in Z-direction (p < 0.05). The misalignment was not significantly different for the registration of T1- and T2- weighted sequences (p = 0.7). Conclusion: The misalignment between FDG-PET and abdominal MRI registered using an automated rigid registration tool was comparable to data reported for software-based fusion between PET and CT. Although this imprecision may not affect diagnostic accuracy, it is not sufficient to allow for pixel-wise integration of MRI and PET information.
Metabolic tumour volume
Authors: Mertens K. , Goethals I. , Rottey S. , Duprez F. , De Neve W. , Vermeersch H. , Van de Wiele C. , Deron P. 
Published: May 2011

SummaryPurpose: Evaluate the predictive and prognostic value of semi-quantitative FDG-PET variables derived from pretreatment FDG-PET images in patients suffering from locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN), treated by means of concomitant radiochemotherapy. Patients, methods: 40 patients with newly diagnosed SCCHN that were treated with concomitant radiochemotherapy underwent FDG-PET/CT for treatment planning; 18 patients had neck dissection prior to their baseline scan and to receiving radiochemotherapy. FDG-PET images were used to calculate metabolic tumour volumes using region growing and a threshold of 50% (MTV50) of primary lesions and involved lymph nodes as well as the mean and maximum standard uptake value (SUVmean and SUVmax) of the primary tumours. Results: Neither SUVmean nor SUVmax values of the primary tumour were significantly different between responders and non-responders whereas MTV50 values of the primary tumour proved significantly higher in non-responders. SUVmean, SUVmax and MTV50 of the primary tumour were not predictive for overall or disease free survival. Contrariwise, dichotomized summed MTV50 values (cut-off ≥ 31 cm3) of the primary tumour and involved lymph nodes in patients that didn’t have neck dissection prior to radiochemotherapy were predictive for disease free and overall survival in both univariate and multivariate analysis (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: Summed MTV50 values of both the primary tumour and involved lymph nodes provided independent prognostic information on disease free and overall survival.
Réflexions sur les configurations révolutionnaires tunisienne et égyptienne
Authors: Bozarslan Hamit 
Published: May 2011

Résumé Pourquoi est-ce en Tunisie puis en Égypte que la contestation des régimes autoritaires dans le monde arabe est allée jusqu’à son terme ? Si le processus révolutionnaire est désormais amorcé dans de nombreux pays, rien ne garantit, dans un avenir proche, qu’il aboutisse à d’autres changements de régime. Il y a en tout cas une spécificité des contextes socio-politiques de la Tunisie et de l’Égypte qu’il convient de bien identifier si nous voulons mieux appréhender les effets possibles du « réveil des peuples » auquel on assiste au Sud et à l’Est de la Méditerranée.
Les comités de quartier en Tunisie : une illusion démocratique
Authors: Berry-Chikhaoui Isabelle 
Published: May 2011

Résumé La participation locale à la pérennité du système : telle est en résumé la fonction principale de cette instance de contrôle que sont les comités de quartier mis en place à partir de 1991. Verrouillant l’expression du politique, ils constituent aussi un lieu de marquage du pouvoir territorial, de conscientisation à l’ordre moral « nouveau », le tout dans une rhétorique constante autour du « citoyen » tunisien. La description de ce lieu de contrôle montre comment prend racine l’expression du pouvoir selon le successeur de Bourguiba. Elle ouvre aussi sur une compréhension des mécanismes du « faire avec » longtemps perçu comme incontournable y compris par des opposants -discrets- au régime. Ce faisant, ces comités de quartier apparaissent aussi comme les lieux inattendus de l’apprentissage de la démocratie, malgré ses promoteurs.
Révolution civile et politique en Égypte. La démocratie et son correctif
Authors: Ben Néfissa Sarah 
Published: May 2011

Résumé Pour certains ce fut une surprise : la révolution égyptienne n’a pas emprunté son discours et ses pratiques à ceux du mouvement islamiste. Dès l’année 2005, un processus d’autonomisation de la société civile vis-à-vis de l’État était apparu avec la montée des protestations politiques et sociales, adossée à un processus de démonopolisation du champ médiatique. La révolution initiée par la jeunesse égyptienne participe de cet essor de la société civile. Celle-ci peut faire contrepoids aux limites des formes classiques de représentation politique. C’est sa révolution.
Non, les révolutions tunisienne et égyptienne ne sont pas des « révolutions 2.0 »
Authors: Béchir Ayari Michaël 
Published: May 2011

Résumé Les discours qui réduisent les révolutions tunisienne et égyptienne à des « révolutions Facebook » demeurent à bien des égards mus par les fantasmes technophiles et néo-libéraux de la « démocratie 2.0 1 ». Il ne s’agit pas d’amoindrir le rôle des « nouveaux médias sociaux » dans ces soulèvements ni de faire l’impasse sur la manière dont ils ont permis de diffuser l’information, d’organiser des rassemblements et de créer des réactions émotionnelles encourageant la prise de risque. Il convient plutôt de s’interroger sur les soubassements de ces éléments de langage, mieux, sur le dispositif dont ils sont l’expression.
Tunisie : « Révolution de jasmin » ou Intifada ?
Authors: Allal Amin , Geisser Vincent 
Published: May 2011

Résumé Le cliché de la « révolution de jasmin », si répandu en France, n’est-il pas le signe d’une incapacité à saisir la nature des mouvements sociopolitiques qui ont touché la Tunisie bien avant la révolution Facebook ? Se pencher sur ces mouvements de fond à l’origine des événements qui ont conduit à la chute du régime de Ben Ali est d’autant plus nécessaire qu’ils nous aident aussi à comprendre ce qui se joue aujourd’hui dans cette période de transition démocratique.
Le rôle des mobilisations des travailleurs et du mouvement syndical dans la chute de Moubarak
Authors: Clément Françoise , Duboc Marie , El Shafei Omar 
Published: May 2011

Résumé Quel a été l’impact du mouvement syndical sur la révolution égyptienne ? Un nouveau chemin a été tracé depuis le milieu des années 2000, qui, entre répression, allégeance et aspirations au respect des droits des travailleurs, amène à penser la convergence des luttes de février 2011. Souvent négligés dans les analyses, la naissance de syndicats indépendants et leur appel à la grève générale ont été des pivots des mouvements sociaux, à la source des mobilisations massives et inédites récentes.
Le droit au logement, école de la contestation
Authors: Deboulet Agnès 
Published: May 2011

Résumé C’est parce que Mouvements ne croit pas à l’idée d’une « révolution venue de nulle part » que nous publions cet entretien réalisé en décembre 2010 avec Manal Al Tibi, responsable du Centre égyptien pour les droits à l’habitat. La question du droit au logement permet en effet d’appréhender le cadre dans lequel les revendications sociales ont pu s’exprimer au sein de la société égyptienne d’avant la révolution. Retracer le parcours de cette fervente militante des droits humains, montrer comment celle-ci a progressivement pris conscience du caractère crucial de cette question du logement donne à voir la nature des relations de pouvoir dans l’Égypte de Moubarak. Son propos montre aussi les nouvelles formes de la contestation qui se sont développées dans les interstices de cet État autoritaire.
Contestation et autoritarisme libéral en Jordanie
Authors: Larzillière Pénélope 
Published: May 2011

Résumé Les révoltes dans le monde arabe ont produit un mouvement de soutien en Jordanie. On y retrouve les principaux vecteurs de l’opposition : les syndicats professionnels, le mouvement islamiste des Frères musulmans, la gauche aussi malgré son impact plus faible. Mais la mobilisation est également portée par de nouveaux acteurs comme les jeunes. Face au régime jordanien, libéral économiquement et autoritaire politiquement, la contestation prend de l’ampleur. Le répertoire d’action du sit-in est conservé, mais, en plus de mesures économiques et sociales, la mise en place d’une véritable monarchie constitutionnelle est maintenant revendiquée. Dans cette mobilisation, les processus d’identification à des mouvements régionaux remettent en cause les limites structurelles de l’opposition en Jordanie.
Les révolutions sont-elles exportables ? « L’effet domino » à la lumière du cas yéménite
Authors: Bonnefoy Laurent 
Published: May 2011

Résumé L’effet de contexte contre l’effet « domino ». Au Yémen, la montée en force des mouvements protestataires et des contestations internes s’agrègent au morcellement des formes de pouvoir pour expliquer la nouveauté relative que constitue le mouvement du début 2011. Des formes revendicatives émanant de populations jeunes, qui par bien des aspects rappellent les mouvements sociaux égyptiens et tunisiens, sont rattrapées par la fragmentation des sources d’expression plus ancienne du séparatisme ou de la contestation religieuse. Pour autant, dans une situation encore très instable, le chemin d’une conciliation pourrait être trouvé, sans doute dans un dépassement des formes claniques d’allégeance et des idéologies.
Israël, les États-Unis et le printemps arabe
Authors: Shlaim Avi 
Published: May 2011

Résumé N’est-ce pas un paradoxe qu’Israël, « la seule démocratie du Moyen-Orient », ait fait preuve d’autant de méfiance à l’égard du printemps arabe qui balaye un à un les dictateurs de la région ? Le saut dans l’inconnu que représente le processus de démocratisation dans le monde arabe ne questionne pas uniquement les intérêts stratégiques d’Israël et de son allié et protecteur américain, mais aussi les impératifs de stabilité qui guident ses relations de voisinage ; plus largement, il met en cause le regard que les dirigeants israéliens comme l’opinion publique israélienne portent sur les peuples arabes et l’environnement culturel et politique dans lequel, à leur corps défendant, ils s’inscrivent géographiquement.
L’autogouvernement zapatiste à la recherche d’une réunification des temps de la transformation sociale : reconstruire pour mieux détruire
Authors: Dubigeon Yohan 
Published: May 2011

Résumé Au lendemain de la chute de l’Union soviétique, symbole de la prétendue défaite du marxisme, en pleine vague de « fin de l’histoire », le zapatisme avait suscité un vaste élan de sympathie. Mais qu’a-t-il réactivé, exactement ? Quelque chose d’entièrement nouveau ? Yohan Dubigeon montre ici ce que le zapatisme a de commun avec des mouvements d’émancipation plus anciens, mais aussi ce qu’il a d’original. Marx n’est toujours pas enterré.
Engineering Multiphysics Research
Authors: Milanovic Ivana , Eppes Tom , Russell Ingrid 
Published: May 2011

This paper describes an engineering undergraduate course that covers the methods and techniques of multiphysics modeling. Students become active participants in analysis and discovery by being challenged to solve a sequence of problems related to high priority technology areas. Projects range from power systems and thermal control of habitats to autonomous flight systems and harsh environment electronics. Working in a cooperative learning environment, teams encounter a series of assignments that build on existing skills while gradually expanding their knowledge and expertise in disciplines outside of their own. This project-based approach employs a scaffolding structure with assignments organized in progressively challenging modules supported by mentoring.
Each project begins with a problem definition which requires consideration of factors and influences beyond a single discipline. Solution development then moves to setting material properties, boundary constraints and including the necessary physics engines. For many students, this is the first in depth exposure to problems with specialized terminologies, driving equations and limiting conditions. Lastly, solving and post processing are addressed exploring steady state, time-variant, frequency response, optimization and sensitivity methods. The paper discusses the teaching and learning strategies, course structure, outcome assessment and project examples.