bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Writing the Disaster: Franklin and Frankenstein
Authors: Craciun Adriana 
Published: April 2011

Adriana Craciun, “Writing the Disaster: Franklin and Frankenstein” (pp. 433–480)
The occasion for this essay is the surprise meeting of three texts from distinct traditions—Gothic romance, evangelical theology, and Enlightenment exploration—during the course of an Arctic disaster. The essay explores the relationship of the official disaster narrative (John Franklin's Narrative of a Journey to the Shores of the Polar Sea [1823]) to these heterogeneous textual companions, particularly Mary Shelley's Frankenstein (1818). Published by the Admiralty's official bookseller, John Murray, the official Franklin Narrative emerged from a highly centralized governmental and publishing network, one that attempted a virtual monopoly on prestigious Arctic publications from 1818 to 1848. The essay uncovers the complex institutional connections of this publishing nexus, and the strong centripetal pull exerted upon them by governmental authorities, while simultaneously considering a range of fugitive writings—chief among them Frankenstein—that escaped the pull of this formidable nexus. Frankenstein's proximity to the center of polar print culture and its highly regulated discursive practices reaffirms the widespread persistence not only of collaborative authorship into the nineteenth century, but also of more radically unindividualized authorship practices carried out across institutional lines. Thus, rather than asking how novels like Frankenstein were influenced by polar exploration, this essay broadens the field of inquiry to consider authorship and publishing practices across diverse domains, including corporate, governmental, and commercial.
John Clare and the Ghosts of Natures Past
Authors: Bewell Alan 
Published: April 2011

Alan Bewell, “John Clare and the Ghosts of Natures Past” (pp. 548–578)
This essay seeks to read John Clare's poetry in terms of the poetry of exile. Clare directly confronted what it means to lose one's place in the world, to be exiled from a place not because you have left it, but because it has left you. No Romantic poet wrote more passionately than Clare about the joy of experiencing nature in all its immediacy, and no poet argued more strongly for its permanence and continuity across generations, and yet few poets have conveyed in more poignant terms what it means to lose one's nature for good. This paper considers Clare as a poet who writes about what it means to experience the end of nature and to live on long after the nature that one took to be basic to one's life was gone. Although for many people during the nineteenth century such an idea was unthinkable, for many others, especially in colonial contexts, it was a fact of life. Alongside the many new natures that were coming into being at this time, others were being destroyed or utterly changed. Clare's poetry gives us some insight into what it meant to at least one author to survive the death of one's nature.
Implications of Host Genetic Variation on the Risk and Prevalence of Infectious Diseases Transmitted Through the Environment
Authors: Doeschl-Wilson Andrea B , Davidson R , Conington J , Roughsedge T , Hutchings M R , Villanueva B 
Published: April 2011

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that host genetic heterogeneity in the response to infectious challenge can affect the emergence risk and the severity of diseases transmitted through direct contact between individuals. However, there is substantial uncertainty about the degree and direction of influence owing to different definitions of genetic variation, most of which are not in line with the current understanding of the genetic architecture of disease traits. Also, the relevance of previous results for diseases transmitted through environmental sources is unclear. In this article a compartmental genetic–epidemiological model was developed to quantify the impact of host genetic diversity on epidemiological characteristics of diseases transmitted through a contaminated environment. The model was parameterized for footrot in sheep. Genetic variation was defined through continuous distributions with varying shape and degree of dispersion for different disease traits. The model predicts a strong impact of genetic heterogeneity on the disease risk and its progression and severity, as well as on observable host phenotypes, when dispersion in key epidemiological parameters is high. The impact of host variation depends on the disease trait for which variation occurs and on environmental conditions affecting pathogen survival. In particular, compared to homogeneous populations with the same average susceptibility, disease risk and severity are substantially higher in populations containing a large proportion of highly susceptible individuals, and the differences are strongest when environmental contamination is low. The implications of our results for the recording and analysis of disease data and for predicting response to selection are discussed.
A Unified Treatment of the Probability of Fixation when Population Size and the Strength of Selection Change Over Time
Authors: Waxman D 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The fixation probability is determined when population size and selection change over time and differs from Kimura’s result, with long-term implications for a population. It is found that changes in population size are not equivalent to the corresponding changes in selection and can result in less drift than anticipated.
Evaluation About the Requirement to Use a Pack After Septoplasty with Turbinectomy
Authors: Arima Lisandra Megumi , Tiago Romualdo Suzano Louzeiro , Filho Rui Carlos Ortega , de Oliveira e Sousa Antonini , Velasco Leandro Castro 
Published: April 2011

SummaryIntroduction: Septoplasty associated with a partial inferior turbinectomy is one of the most frequent surgeries performed in patients with nasal obstruction. The nasal pack has been used to control primary bleeding in these surgeries. Several complications have been related to the nasal pack, besides causing pain and a relevant discomfort. Some studies have investigated both the efficiency of the nasal pack to control bleeding and the complications after septoplasty and turbinectomy.Objective: To compare the degree of nasal bleeding among patients submitted to septoplasty with partial bilateral inferior turbinectomy, whether using the nasal pack or not.Method: An outlook study was performed to evaluate 60 patients diagnosed of a deviated nasal septum with an inferior concha hypertrophy. The patients were submitted to bilateral turbinectomy septoplasty under direct visualization. They were divided into 2 groups: without pack and with pack (Merocel* and protective sheath). These were evaluated after surgery, based on the evaluation of bleeding intensity.Result: It was observed that the post-surgical bleeding degree of the group submitted to partial bilateral inferior turbinectomy, who used the nasal pack, was lower than the group not using a pack.Conclusion: Patients submitted to septoplasty with partial bilateral inferior turbinectomy, not using a post-surgical nasal pack, appeared to bleed more than patients using a nasal pack.
Correlation Between the Audiologic Findings and Tinnitus Disorder
Authors: Rocha Alice Borges da , Mondelli Maria Fernanda Capoani Garcia 
Published: April 2011

Summary
Introduction: The correlation between hearing loss with tinnitus can be justified if we consider that this is a tinnitus-causing factor, since the impairments or degenerations on the inner ear and the vestibulocochlear nerve can cause the tinnitus. According to different reports, 85%-96% of patients with tinnitus show some degree of hearing loss.
Objective: To correlate the sex, age, degree and type of hearing loss with the tinnitus disorder in patients at the Electronic Devices-related Clinic of Deafness).
Method: Retrospective study of exploratory nature in 100 individuals' records duly registered at the Phonoaudiology Clinic of University of São Paulo's Dentistry School in Bauru FOB/USP, by using the THI instrument (Tinnitus Handicap Inventory).
Results and Conclusion: Sex, age and degree of hearing loss do not have an influence over the tinnitus disorder, but the hearing loss in tinnitus listeners is progressively bigger according to age and in individual with neurosensorial hearing loss.
The Microvascular Corticocancellous Femur Flap for Reconstruction of the Anterior Maxilla in Adult Cleft Lip, Palate, and Alveolus Patients
Authors: Gaggl Alexander , Bürger Heinz , Virnik Sascha , Schachner Peter , Chiari Friedrich 
Published: April 2011

Objective Free nonvascularized alveolar bone grafting in severe defects of the cleft region often results in poor implant bed conditions. Here an alternative augmentation technique using a new technique of vascularized bone transfer is described. Design In five patients with clefts of the lip, palate, and alveolus (four unilateral, one bilateral) there was a severe defect of the anterior maxillary alveolar ridge after tooth loss. The patients previously had augmentative surgery one to three times without success. The defect was covered using a microvascular corticocancellous transplant from the medial distal femur. The defects to be corrected measured 2.5 to 4.0 cm long, 1.0 to 1.5 cm wide, and 1 to 1.5 cm high. The microvascular pedicle of the femur bone flap was 3 to 7 cm long. The descending genicular artery was anastomosed to the facial or labial superior artery and the accompanying veins accordingly. In every case, the anastomoses were performed via an intraoral transmucosal approach. Results There were no serious complications and no flap loss. In all patients the defect was covered by a flap of the correct size and design. All patients were treated with dental implants (13 total) 6 months after successful reconstruction of the ridge. The implants were loaded 4 to 6 months after placement with fixed superstructures. There were good peri-implant conditions and no implant loss. Conclusion The microvascular osteoperiosteal femur flap can be used successfully in individual reconstruction of segmental defects of the alveolar ridge in adult cleft patients.
Serum Fetuin-A Levels Are Associated with Vascular Calcifications and Predict Cardiovascular Events in Renal Transplant Recipients
Authors: Maréchal Céline , Schlieper Georg , Nguyen Pauline , Krüger Thilo , Coche Emmanuel , Robert Annie , Floege Jorgen , Goffin Eric , Jadoul Michel , Devuyst Olivier 
Published: April 2011

Summary

Background and objectives
Vascular calcifications predict cardiovascular disease, the major cause of death in renal transplant recipients (RTRs). We studied the determinants of fetuin-A, a potent circulating calcification inhibitor encoded by the AHSG gene, and tested its association with vascular calcifications and long-term survival and cardiovascular events (CVEs) in RTRs.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Two hundred seventy-seven prevalent RTRs from a single center were included. CVEs and deaths were prospectively recorded during a 5-year follow-up.

Results
Independent determinants of lower serum fetuin-A levels were lower plasma cholesterol, the AHSG rs4918 G allele, and history of smoking. Low serum fetuin-A level was a determinant of aortic calcifications (assessed using spiral CT). Low fetuin-A levels (≤0.47 g/L, first quintile) were independently associated with CVEs and deaths (hazard ratio = 1.83; 95% confidence interval, 1.07 to 3.04). The association was confirmed for all-cause mortality, and the major adverse cardiovascular endpoints were analyzed separately. Patients with low fetuin-A and high high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (>4.36 mg/L, fourth quintile) levels had a 3.5-fold increased risk of all-cause mortality and CVEs. In the presence of inflammation, CVE-free survival was influenced by common variants in the AHSG gene.

Conclusions
These data show that low fetuin-A levels are independently associated with aortic calcifications and a higher risk of CVEs and mortality. They support fetuin-A as a circulating biomarker able to identify RTRs at risk for vascular calcifications and CVEs.
Quality-of-Life and Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Feroze Usama , Noori Nazanin , Kovesdy Csaba P , Molnar Miklos Z. , Martin David J. , Reina-Patton Astrid , Benner Debbie , Bross Rachelle , Norris Keith C. , Kopple Joel D. , Kalantar-Zadeh Kamyar 
Published: April 2011

Summary

Background and objectives
Maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients often have protein-energy wasting, poor health-related quality of life (QoL), and high premature death rates, whereas African-American MHD patients have greater survival than non-African-American patients. We hypothesized that poor QoL scores and their nutritional correlates have a bearing on racial survival disparities of MHD patients.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
We examined associations between baseline self-administered SF36 questionnaire–derived QoL scores with nutritional markers by multivariate linear regression and with survival by Cox models and cubic splines in the 6-year cohort of 705 MHD patients, including 223 African Americans.

Results
Worse SF36 mental and physical health scores were associated with lower serum albumin and creatinine levels but higher total body fat percentage. Spline analyses confirmed mortality predictability of worse QoL, with an almost strictly linear association for mental health score in African Americans, although the race–QoL interaction was not statistically significant. In fully adjusted analyses, the mental health score showed a more robust and linear association with mortality than the physical health score in all MHD patients and both races: death hazard ratios for (95% confidence interval) each 10 unit lower mental health score were 1.12 (1.05–1.19) and 1.10 (1.03–1.18) for all and African American patients, respectively.

Conclusions
MHD patients with higher percentage body fat or lower serum albumin or creatinine concentration perceive a poorer QoL. Poor mental health in all and poor physical health in non-African American patients correlate with mortality. Improving QoL by interventions that can improve the nutritional status without increasing body fat warrants clinical trials.
C4d Staining In Renal Allograft Biopsies with Early Acute Rejection and Subsequent Clinical Outcome
Authors: Botermans Johanna M , de Kort Hanneke , Eikmans Michael , Koop Klaas , Baelde Hans J. , Mallat Marko J.K. , Zuidwijk Kim , van Kooten Cees , de Heer Emile , Goemaere Natascha N.T. , Claas Frans H.J. , Bruijn Jan A. , de Fijter Johan W , Bajema Ingeborg M. , van Groningen Marian C. 
Published: April 2011

Summary

Background and objectives
Diffuse C4d staining in peritubular capillaries (PTCs) during an acute rejection episode (ARE) is the footprint of antibody-mediated rejection. In current clinical practice, diffuse C4d+ staining during acute rejection is regarded as an inferior prognostic sign. This case-control study investigated the prognostic role of mere C4d staining for graft outcome during an ARE in a well defined cohort of similarly ARE-treated patients.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
All kidney transplant recipients in the authors' center from January 1, 1995 to December 31, 2005 were reviewed. From these patients, 151 had a clinical ARE. Paraffin and/or frozen material was available for 128 patients showing a histologically proven ARE within the first 6 months after transplantation. All ARE patients were treated similarly with high-dose pulse steroids and in the case of steroid unresponsiveness with anti-thymocyte globulin. Biopsies were scored according to Banff criteria. Frozen and paraffin sections were stained by immunofluorescence (IF) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for C4d, respectively, and scored for PTC positivity.

Results
Diffuse C4d+ staining in PTCs was found in 12.5% and 4.2% sections stained by IF or by IHC, respectively. Four patients showed diffuse positive staining with both methods but showed no different risk profile from other patients. No relation between C4d staining and clinical parameters at baseline was found. C4d staining was not associated with steroid responsiveness, graft, or patient survival.

Conclusions
This study shows that C4d staining is not related to clinical outcome in this cohort of histologically proven early AREs.
Flexibility: components, proprioceptive mechanisms and methods
Authors: Dantas Estélio , Daoud Rejane , Trott Alexis , Nodari Rudy , Conceição Mario 
Published: April 2011

Flexibility: components, proprioceptive mechanisms and methods
A literature review on physical flexibility was presented and discussed. This included definitions and components that influence the performance of movements requiring large joint motion ranges and muscle elasticity. Flexibility was discussed with reference to specific age groups, e.g. children and the elderly. Proprioceptive mechanisms and components directly related to flexibility were overviewed, as well as suitable approaches towards flexibilisation, i.e. maintaining and/or enhancing flexibility.
A Tailored Finite Point Method for Solving Steady MHD Duct Flow Problems with Boundary Layers
Authors: Hsieh Po-Wen , Shih Yintzer , Yang Suh-Yuh 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn this paper we propose a development of the finite difference method, called the tailored finite point method, for solving steady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) duct flow problems with a high Hartmann number. When the Hartmann number is large, the MHD duct flow is convection-dominated and thus its solution may exhibit localized phenomena such as the boundary layer. Most conventional numerical methods can not efficiently solve the layer problem because they are lacking in either stability or accuracy. However, the proposed tailored finite point method is capable of resolving high gradients near the layer regions without refining the mesh. Firstly, we devise the tailored finite point method for the scalar inhomogeneous convection-diffusion problem, and then extend it to the MHD duct flow which consists of a coupled system of convection-diffusion equations. For each interior grid point of a given rectangular mesh, we construct a finite-point difference operator at that point with some nearby grid points, where the coefficients of the difference operator are tailored to some particular properties of the problem. Numerical examples are provided to show the high performance of the proposed method.
Numerical Study of Surfactant-Laden Drop-Drop Interactions
Authors: Xu Jian-Jun , Li Zhilin , Lowengrub John , Zhao Hongkai 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn this paper, we numerically investigate the effects of surfactant on drop-drop interactions in a 2D shear flow using a coupled level-set and immersed interface approach proposed in (Xu et al., J. Comput. Phys., 212 (2006), 590-616). We find that surfactant plays a critical and nontrivial role in drop-drop interactions. In particular, we find that the minimum distance between the drops is a non-monotone function of the surfactant coverage and Capillary number. This non-monotonic behavior, which does not occur for clean drops, is found to be due to the presence of Marangoni forces along the drop interfaces. This suggests that there are non-monotonic conditions for coalescence of surfactant-laden drops, as observed in recent experiments of Leal and co-workers. Although our study is two-dimensional, we believe that drop-drop interactions in three-dimensional flows should be qualitatively similar as the Maragoni forces in the near contact region in 3D should have a similar effect.
All Speed Scheme for the Low Mach Number Limit of the Isentropic Euler Equations
Authors: Degond Pierre , Tang Min 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAn all speed scheme for the Isentropic Euler equations is presented in this paper. When the Mach number tends to zero, the compressible Euler equations converge to their incompressible counterpart, in which the density becomes a constant. Increasing approximation errors and severe stability constraints are the main difficulty in the low Mach regime. The key idea of our all speed scheme is the special semi-implicit time discretization, in which the low Mach number stiff term is divided into two parts, one being treated explicitly and the other one implicitly. Moreover, the flux of the density equation is also treated implicitly and an elliptic type equation is derived to obtain the density. In this way, the correct limit can be captured without requesting the mesh size and time step to be smaller than the Mach number. Compared with previous semi-implicit methods, firstly, nonphysical oscillations can be suppressed by choosing proper parameter, besides, only a linear elliptic equation needs to be solved implicitly which reduces much computational cost. We develop this semi-implicit time discretization in the framework of a first order Local Lax-Friedrichs (or Rusanov) scheme and numerical tests are displayed to demonstrate its performances.
An Efficient Multigrid Method for Molecular Mechanics Modeling in Atomic Solids
Authors: Chen Jingrun , Ming Pingbing 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe propose a multigrid method to solve the molecular mechanics model (molecular dynamics at zero temperature). The Cauchy-Born elasticity model is employed as the coarse grid operator and the elastically deformed state as the initial guess of the molecular mechanics model. The efficiency of the algorithm is demonstrated by three examples with homogeneous deformation, namely, one dimensional chain under tensile deformation and aluminum under tension and shear deformations. The method exhibits linear-scaling computational complexity, and is insensitive to parameters arising from iterative solvers. In addition, we study two examples with inhomogeneous deformation: vacancy and nanoindentation of aluminum. The results are still satisfactory while the linear-scaling property is lost for the latter example.
Flow-Induced Acoustics in Corrugated Pipes
Authors: Popescu Mihaela , Johansen Stein Tore , Shyy Wei 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWhen gas flows through corrugated pipes, pressure waves interacting with vortex shedding can produce distinct tonal noise and structural vibration. Based on established observations, a model is proposed which couples an acoustic pipe and self-excited oscillations with vortex shedding over the corrugation cavities. In the model, the acoustic response of the corrugated pipe is simulated by connecting the lossless medium moving with a constant velocity with a source based on a discrete distribution of van der Pol oscillators arranged along the pipe. Our time accurate solutions exhibit dynamic behavior consistent with that experimentally observed, including the lock-in frequency of vortex shedding, standing waves and the onset fluid velocity capable of generating the lock-in.