bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autologous platelet concentrates as a treatment for musculoskeletal lesions in five horses
Authors: Argüelles D. , Carmona J. U. , Climent F. , Muñoz E. , Prades M. 
Published: October 2010

Two horses with acute tendinopathy of a superficial digital flexor tendon (sdft) and three horses with chronic proximal desmitis of the suspensory ligament (pdsl) were treated by injecting autologous concentrates of their platelets into the lesions. The lesions were monitored ultrasonographically and clinically. There were significant ultrasonographic and clinical improvements in the two horses with sdft, but no ultrasonographic improvements in the horses with pdsl; however, they improved clinically and became less lame. All the horses had returned to their pre‐injury level of performance by six months after the completion of the treatment, and none of them had suffered a recurrence after 20 months.
Diagnostic and prognostic indicators of omasal impaction in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)
Authors: Toor A. S. , Saini N. S. 
Published: October 2010

Twelve of 46 female buffaloes with abdominal disorders were diagnosed with omasal impaction. They had been fed finely chopped machine‐prepared straw. They were characterised by anorexia, an absence of defecation, abdominal distension, ruminal hypomotility or atony and a suspension of rumination. Omasal impaction was confirmed upon left flank laparorumenotomy on the basis of the size of the omasum and the consistency of its contents. After ruminal evacuation, a long flexible pipe was introduced through the reticulo‐omasal orifice and the omasal contents were flushed back into the rumen with water under moderate pressure. Hyponatraemia, hypochloraemia, hypokalaemia and hypophosphataemia were consistent features in most cases. However, two buffaloes that later died had lower levels of plasma chloride, no reticulo‐omasal orifice tone and were in an advanced stage of pregnancy. The level of total protein in peritoneal fluid was higher than normal, but the total white cell count was within the normal range. All the animals started passing faeces 36 to 48 hours after surgery. The presence of reticulo‐omasal orifice tone and a plasma chloride level above 75 mmol/l were indicators of a good prognosis.
Prevalence of subclinical mastitis and associated risk factors in smallholder dairy cows in Tanzania
Authors: Karimuribo E. D. , Fitzpatrick J. L. , Swai E. S. , Bell C. , Bryant M. J. , Ogden N. H. , Kambarage D. M. , French N. P. 
Published: October 2010

A cross‐sectional study was carried out on 200 randomly selected farms in each of the Iringa and Tanga regions of Tanzania to estimate the prevalence and risk factors for subclinical mastitis in dairy cows kept by smallholders. Subclinical mastitis was assessed using the California mastitis test (cmt), and by the bacteriological culture of 1500 milk samples collected from 434 clinically normal cows. The percentages of the cows (and quarters) with subclinical mastitis were 75·9 per cent (46·2 per cent) when assessed by the cmt and 43·8 per cent (24·3 per cent) when assessed by culture. Factors significantly associated with an increased risk of a cmt ‐positive quarter were Boran breed (odds radio [or]=3·51), a brought‐in cow (rather than homebred) (or =2·39), peak milk yield, and age. The stripping method of hand milking was associated with a significantly lower prevalence of cmt ‐positive quarters (or =0·51). The cmt ‐positive cows were more likely to be culture positive (or =4·51), as were brought‐in (or =2·10) and older cows.
Study of the short‐ and long‐term outcomes of 65 horses with peritonitis
Authors: Henderson I. S. F. , Mair T. S. , Keen J. A. , Shaw D. J. , McGorum B. C. 
Published: October 2010

The records of 65 horses with peritonitis examined at twoukreferral centres over a period of 12 years were reviewed. Peritonitis was defined in terms of the horse's peritoneal fluid containing more than 5 × 109nucleated cells/l. Horses that had developed peritonitis after abdominal surgery or a rupture of the gastrointestinal tract were excluded. Of the 65 horses, 56 (86 per cent) survived to be discharged. Follow‐up information was obtained from practice records and telephone calls to the owners for 38 of the horses. Of these, 32 (84 per cent) had survived for at least 12 months and were considered to be long‐term survivors; the others six were euthanased within 12 months. Thirteen (34 per cent) of the horses discharged had experienced complications that could have been sequelae to peritonitis and eight of the 13 were euthanased. The cause of the peritonitis was identified in 15 cases; survival rates were lowest in horses with peritonitis secondary to urinary tract involvement or intra‐abdominal masses. Of the other 50 cases, 47 (94 per cent) survived to discharge, but two were euthanased owing to recurrent colic.
International disease monitoring, April to June 2008
Authors: Sabirovic M. , Roberts H. , Hall S. , Elliott H. , Coulson N. 
Published: October 2010

African swine fever virus circulating between wild boar and domestic pigs in the Caucasus region
Bluetongue remains a threat to uk farming, while circulation of both btv‐1 and btv‐8 has been reported in France
Classical swine fever in wild boar populations in eastern Europe
Foot‐and‐mouth disease outbreaks across Africa, South America and the Middle East
Outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza across Asia, and occasionally in Europe, in wild birds and domestic poultry
Sporadic reports of cases of rabies in illegally imported domestic dogs in western Europe
Rift Valley fever continues to be reported in ruminants in Africa
— These are among matters discussed in the international disease monitoring report for April to June 2008, prepared by defra 's Food and Farming Group, International Animal Health
Outbreak of bovine tuberculosis featuring anergy to the skin test, udder lesions and milkborne disease in young calves
Authors: Houlihan M. G. , Dixon F. W. , Page N. A. 
Published: October 2010

A severe outbreak of bovine tuberculosis in a 1300‐head, multisite dairy herd in Great Britain had several unusual features, including anergy to the tuberculin skin test, milkborne disease in calves and a farm cat, and a risk of human infection. The outbreak was controlled by culling 221 cattle over 15 months, by using the γ‐interferon (γ‐ifn) test and by the examination of milk samples. The γ‐ifn test detected infected animals that were not detected by the skin test.
Sarcina‐like bacteria associated with bloat in young lambs and calves
Authors: Edwards G. T. , Woodger N. G. A. , Barlow A. M. , Bell S. J. , Harwood D. G. , Otter A. , Wight A. R. 
Published: October 2010

Sarcinaspecies are fastidious Gram‐positive anaerobic bacteria that occur in cubical packets of eight or more cells. In 2006 to 2007, they were associated with cases of acute abomasal bloat in young lambs and calves. Two incidents were in lambs aged three to six weeks that were found dead, with one or two cases in each of a group of 15 and 100 lambs. Three incidents were recorded in small groups of calves up to 10 days of age, two cases in each incident, with the calves found dead or dying after a short illness characterised by bloat. Their gross lesions included emphysema and oedema of the abomasal wall, mucosal hyperaemia and haemorrhage, and rupture of the abomasum. Histological lesions included abomasitis with congestion, haemorrhage, emphysema and oedema. Bacteria characteristic ofSarcinaspecies were observed in sections associated with the superficial mucosa of these cases, but the bacteria were not detected in cultures.
Determination of renal vascular resistance in dogs with diabetes mellitus and hyperadrenocorticism
Authors: Novellas R. , Ruiz de Gopegui R. , Espada Y. 
Published: October 2010

In dogs, diabetes mellitus and hyperadrenocorticism are causes of hypertension associated with increases in vascular peripheral resistance. In human patients, the renal resistive index (ri) and pulsatility index (pi) are related to hypertension and diabetes and are used as indicators of disease severity. In this study the renal vascular resistance was measured in 12 dogs with hyperadrenocorticism, three with diabetes mellitus and four with both conditions, and the possible relationships between the two indices, blood pressure and biochemical parameters were investigated. Hypertension, defined as a systolic blood pressure more than 150 mmHg, was recorded in two of the dogs with hyperadrenocorticism and three of the dogs with hyperadrenocorticism and diabetes. The overall mean values for RI, PI and systolic blood pressure were higher in the diseased group of dogs than in 27 healthy dogs, and both indices were correlated with blood glucose concentration.
Maintenance of anaesthesia in sheep with isoflurane, desflurane or sevoflurane
Authors: Mohamadnia A. R. , Hughes G. , Clarke K. W. 
Published: October 2010

Rapid recovery from anaesthesia is advantageous in small ruminants, to reduce the risk of regurgitation. Theoretically, the least soluble inhalation agents should result in the fastest recoveries, but using additional injectable agents may negate this advantage. This study compared three inhalation agents for the maintenance of anaesthesia in sheep. Eighteen ewes that were to undergo orthopaedic surgery were allocated to one of three groups. Each group was premedicated with xylazine (0·1 mg/kg intramuscularly), anaesthesia was induced using ketamine (2 mg/kg) and midazolam (0·03 mg/kg) intravenously and analgesia provided by buprenorphine (0·008 mg/kg intramuscularly). Anaesthesia was then maintained with either isoflurane, sevoflurane or desflurane. Cardiopulmonary parameters were monitored throughout. All three inhalation agents provided adequate stable anaesthesia and there was no significant difference between the groups in their cardiopulmonary parameters or their recovery times. The mead (sd) postanaesthetic times to first swallow, first chewing attempts and ability to maintain their head lifted for five minutes were, respectively, 3·95 (2·53), 6·37 (3·68) and 32·8 (18·1) minutes for isoflurane, 3·62 (0·98), 7·66 (0·78) and 38·8 (16·6) minutes for sevoflurane, and 4·37 (1·65), 6·95 (1·52) and 29·8 (11·5) minutes for desflurane. Two sheep had poor quality recoveries after the use of sevoflurane, but all the other sheep recovered uneventfully. All three inhalation agents were suitable for the maintenance of anaesthesia in sheep but, as used in this study, there were no differences between them in speed of recovery.
Ultrasonographic evaluation of reticular motility in 144 cattle with vagal indigestion
Authors: Braun U. , Rauch S. , Hässig M. 
Published: October 2010

The reticular motility in 144 cattle with vagal indigestion was evaluated by ultrasonography; 97 had proximal functional stenosis (reticulo‐omasal stenosis) and 47 had distal functional stenosis (pyloric stenosis). A 3·5 MHz linear transducer was used to measure the frequency, amplitude, duration and speed of the reticular contractions per three minutes while the animals were standing and unsedated. The mean (sd) number of contractions per three minutes was 4·3 (2·09) with a range from 0 to 12; nine of the cattle had one or two contractions, 17 had three contractions, 59 had four or five contractions, 37 had more than five contractions and 12 had reticular atony. The cattle with proximal functional stenosis had 4·6 (2·01) contractions per three minutes, significantly more (P<0·05) than those with distal functional stenosis (3·6 [2·16]). The position, contour and size of the reticulum, the amplitude and speed of the contractions and the area surrounding the reticulum did not differ significantly between the two groups.
Serum phosphorus concentrations in dogs with leishmaniosis at different stages of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Cortadellas O. , Fernández‐del Palacio M. J. , Talavera J. , Bayón A. 
Published: October 2010

Serum phosphorus concentrations were measured in 155 dogs with leishmaniosis at different stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and in 54 healthy dogs. CKD was classified into six stages, as follows: stage 0 (dogs with no evidence of CKD), serum creatinine (SCr) less than 125 μmol/l and urine protein:creatinine ratio (UPC) less than 0.2; stage 1A, SCr less than 125 μmol/l and UPC 0.2 to 0.5; stage 1B, SCr less than 125 μmol/l and UPC over 0.5; stage 2, SCr 125 μmol/l to 180 μmol/l; stage 3, SCr 181 μmol/l to 440 μmol/l; stage 4, SCr over 440 μmol/l. The dogs' serum phosphorus concentrations correlated significantly with the severity of CKD (P<0.001), and hyperphosphataemia (>1.8 mmol/l) affected 12 per cent, 11.8 per cent, 50 per cent, 76.9 per cent and 100 per cent of the dogs at stages 1A, 1B, 2, 3 and 4, respectively.
Efficacy of moxidectin against cyathostomins after long‐term use in a large herd of draught horses with a high stocking density
Authors: Schumacher J. , Livesey L. , DeGraves F. , Blagburn B. , Ziska S. , Caldwell M. , Brock K. 
Published: October 2010

This study was undertaken to determine whether resistance to moxidectin had developed in a large herd of draught horses, maintained on a small acreage, which had been routinely treated with moxidectin for five years. Faeces were collected for egg counts immediately before moxidectin gel was administered orally, and seven, 30, 60 and 90 days later. The faecal egg counts were significantly reduced at seven and 30 days after treatment, but were not significantly different from pretreatment counts at 60 and 90 days after treatment. There was no evidence of resistance having developed.
Molecular characterisation of Mycobacterium bovis isolates from cattle carcases at a city slaughterhouse in Uganda
Authors: Asiimwe B. B. , Asiimwe J. , Kallenius G. , Ashaba F. K. , Ghebremichael S. , Joloba M. , Koivula T. 
Published: October 2010

During a period of eight months, the carcases of 16,800 slaughter cattle were inspected at a city abattoir in Uganda. Eighty‐seven of them had tuberculosis‐like lesions and tissue samples were cultured. Only 17 cultures yielded acid‐fast bacilli; 11 of them were confirmed as Mycobacterium bovis and six as non‐tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). GenoType Mycobacterium assays on the six NTM identified two as Mycobacterium fortuitum and one as Mycobacterium intracellulare, but three were unidentified. Characterisation of the M bovis isolates by spoligotyping and IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) revealed that five of the six spoligotype patterns observed in the 11 strains had not been previously reported, and seven of the nine isolates typed by RFLP had multicopy number IS6110 patterns. Six of the 11 infected carcases had multiple sites of infection, but none was condemned as unfit for human consumption.
Efficacy of dog‐appeasing pheromone in reducing behaviours associated with fear of unfamiliar people and new surroundings in newly adopted puppies
Authors: Gaultier E. , Bonnafous L. , Vienet‐Lagué D. , Falewee C. , Bougrat L. , Lafont‐Lecuelle C. , Pageat P. 
Published: October 2010

This study was designed to determine the potential value of dog‐appeasing pheromone (DAP) in reducing behaviours associated with fear of unfamiliar people and new surroundings in puppies newly adopted from a pet shop. The study was triple‐blinded, randomised and placebo‐controlled. It used 66 puppies (32 fitted with a DAP collar and 34 control) and the adoptive owners were contacted by phone three days and 15 days after they had adopted the puppy to question them about its reactions to specific situations eliciting fear. Fifteen days after the treatments significantly fewer of the puppies with the DAP collars showed signs of fear when facing unfamiliar people at home and/ or during outings. This difference was irrespective of breed size.
Farm costs associated with premovement testing for bovine tuberculosis
Authors: Bennett R. M. 
Published: October 2010

Sixty cattle farmers in England were questioned about the costs associated with premovement testing for bovine tuberculosis (TB). On average, the farmers had premovement tested 2·45 times in the previous 12 months, but the majority had tested only once. An average of 28·6 animals were tested on each occasion, but there were wide variations. The average farm labour costs were £4.00 per animal tested, veterinary costs were £4.33 and other costs were £0.51, giving a total cost of £8.84, but there were wide variations between farms, and many incurred costs of more than £20 per animal. A majority of the farmers also cited disruption to the farm business or missed market opportunities as costs, but few could estimate their financial cost. Most of the farmers thought that premovement testing was a cost burden on their business, and over half thought it was not an effective policy to control bovine TB.
Identification of Mycoplasma bovigenitalium and Mycoplasma canadense from outbreaks of granulopapular vulvovaginitis in dairy cattle in Israel
Authors: Lysnyansky I. , Brenner J. , Bernstein M. , Elad D. , Blum S. , Friedgut O. , Rotenberg D. , Alpert N. , Benjamin A. 
Published: October 2010

A syndrome in which white foci and granulopustular lesions appeared on the vaginal mucous membranes of Holstein cows in several dairy herds in Israel is described. During clinical and diagnostic investigations, Mycoplasma bovigenitalium was isolated from 11 of 20 clinical cases. Vaginal swabs taken from the same cows yielded three isolates of Mycoplasma canadense, which were all associated with the M bovigenitalium infection. Two isolates of small, round, non‐enveloped viral particles were approximately 25 nm in diameter and characteristic of enteroviruses on negative‐staining electron microscopy.
Incidence and treatment of serratospiculosis in falcons from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al‐Timimi F. , Nolosco P. , Al‐Timimi B. 
Published: October 2010

Serratospiculum species were diagnosed in 1360 of 7200 falcons examined over a period from September 2003 to September 2008. The incidence of serratospiculosis was higher in saker falcons (Falco cherrug) and peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus). Serratospiculosis was diagnosed singly in 467 falcons, and in combination with other internal parasites in 893 falcons. Of the falcons diagnosed with only serratospiculosis, 286 showed no clinical signs and 181 showed mild to moderate clinical signs, including dyspnoea. In 126 of the symptomatic falcons, other signs were reported that were difficult to detect on clinical examination. These included inappetence, unsatisfactory weight gain and rapid exhaustion. Fenbendazole at 30 mg/kg bodyweight orally for five to eight days was effective in eliminating eggs and larvae in faeces. No side effects were noticed during or after fenbendazole treatment.
Prevalence of pharyngeal, laryngeal and tracheal disorders in thoroughbred racehorses, and effect on performance
Authors: Saulez M. N. , Gummow B. 
Published: October 2010

Endoscopic examinations were performed on 1005 thoroughbred racehorses in South Africa a mean (sd) 24 (12·3) minutes after racing, to determine the prevalence of pharyngeal, laryngeal and tracheal disorders, and to determine the relationship of these disorders with performance (number of wins and placed finishes). Overall, there was a low prevalence of grade 2 and 3 laryngeal function (LF) (2·2 per cent), grade 4 LF (0·6 per cent), epiglottic entrapment (1·3 per cent), subepiglottic cyst (0·2 per cent) and epiglottic deformity (0·6 per cent), while a higher prevalence of grade 2 to 4 pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia (PLH) (63 per cent), laryngeal debris (43·5 per cent), tracheal debris (21·9 per cent), tracheal mucus (99·5 per cent) and tracheal cartilaginous nodules (TCNs) (6·8 per cent) was observed. Performance was not affected by the presence of epiglottic deformity, grade 2 and 3 LF, grade 4 LF, debris within the trachea or larynx, or epiglottic entrapment. Grade 3 PLH occurred in younger racehorses; performance was impaired in horses with grade 2 and 3 PLH. Furthermore, TCNs were more prevalent in male racehorses and were associated with better performance.
Prevalence of MRSA types in slaughter pigs in different German abattoirs
Authors: Tenhagen B‐A. , Fetsch A. , Stührenberg B. , Schleuter G. , Guerra B. , Hammerl J. A. , Hertwig S. , Kowall J. , Kämpe U. , Schroeter A. , Bräunig J. , Käsbohrer A. , Appel PhD B. 
Published: October 2010

To investigate the prevalence of types of meticillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in slaughter pigs in German abattoirs, nasal swabs were collected from a total of 1026 pigs in five abattoirs after stunning in the course of two studies, and examined for MRSA. Study 1 included four abattoirs; study 2 was carried out in one large abattoir. Isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility and characterised using spa ‐typing, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and typing of the staphylococcal cassette chromosome, SCCmec. Overall, MRSA was isolated from 70·8 per cent of 520 samples in study 1 and from 49·0 per cent of 506 samples in study 2. The proportion of positive samples varied substantially between the abattoirs in study 1. Most isolates belonged to spa ‐types t011 and t034 and SCCmec types III and V. MLST of selected isolates revealed that they were all MLST ST398. Besides β‐lactams, 100 per cent of the isolates were resistant to tetracycline, 80·5 per cent were resistant to erythromycin and 80·7 per cent were resistant to clindamycin. Less than 5 per cent of the isolates were resistant to other antimicrobials.
Suspected adverse reactions, 2008
Authors: Dyer F. , Brown E. , Cooles S. , Tait A. 
Published: October 2010

Reports to the UK Suspected Adverse Reaction Surveillance Scheme (SARSS) in 2008 increase by around 11 per cent compared with 2007
Low incidence of suspected adverse reactions following bluetongue virus vaccination
Increase in reports of suspected lack of efficacy to canine parvovirus vaccination
Rabbit deaths reported after off‐label use of dexmedetomidine
These are some of the results from the SARSS in 2008, as discussed by Fabia Dyer and colleagues from the Veterinary Medicines Directorate
Initial incursion of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza A virus into European pigs
Authors: Welsh M. D. , Baird P. M. , Guelbenzu‐Gonzalo M. P. , Hanna A. , Reid S. M. , Essen S. , Russell C. , Thomas S. , Barrass L. , McNeilly F. , McKillen J. , Todd D. , Harkin V. , McDowell S. , Choudhury B. , Irvine R. M. , Borobia J. , Grant J. , Brown I. H. 
Published: October 2010

The initial incursion of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza A virus (pH1N1) into a European pig population is reported. Diagnosis of swine influenza caused by pandemic virus was made during September 2009 following routine submission of samples for differential diagnosis of causative agents of respiratory disease, including influenza A virus. All four pigs (aged six weeks) submitted for investigation from a pig herd of approximately 5000 animals in Northern Ireland, experiencing acute‐onset respiratory signs in finishing and growing pigs, were positive by immunofluorescence for influenza A. Follow‐up analysis of lung tissue homogenates by real‐time RT‐PCR confirmed the presence of pH1N1. The virus was subsequently detected on two other premises in Northern Ireland; on one premises, detection followed the pre‐export health certification testing of samples from pigs presumed to be subclinically infected as no clinical signs were apparent. None of the premises was linked to another epidemiologically. Sequencing of the haemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes revealed high nucleotide identity (>99.4 per cent) with other pH1N1s isolated from human beings. Genotypic analyses revealed all gene segments to be most closely related to those of contemporary pH1N1 viruses in human beings. It is concluded that all three outbreaks occurred independently, potentially as a result of transmission of the virus from human beings to pigs.