bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Scheldt Valley Commercial Activity Zone: 350 Hectares of the Gallo-Roman Landscape
Authors: Clotuche Raphaël 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTThe research undertaken on the Scheldt Valley Commercial Activity Zone was the frst large-scale excavation in the Valenciennes region (northern France), permitting an insight into the organization of a large territory. It has yielded a great wealth of data on land use and settlement and it forms a key point of reference for any future research within the region for each of the studied periods. The article discusses the characteristics of the occupation of the territory, allowing the development of new models for the occupation, structure, and management of the land and the institution of settlements and their related material culture. It argues for a Roman-indigenous land cadaster, until now not observed for this part of Roman France. The different enclosures and their internal organization are described (buildings, wells, ponds, an artisanal zone, a road system, and a burial zone), showing the persistence of numerous protohistoric sites into Roman times, which is explained by the continuity of the agricultural system and a voluntary integration into a Roman administration. The Onnaing-Scheldt Valley demonstrates the importance of large-scale excavations for the understanding of land use.
An Unusual Romano-British Brooch from Norfolk, with a Note upon its Probable Affnities
Authors: Mackreth D.F. 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTA brooch from Marham, Norfolk, is identifed as being a hybrid Colchester Derivative and its relationship with other Colchester Derivatives is discussed. An examination of the basic distribution of the parent of the Marham brooch, the Rearhook, shows that it is of Icenian origin. Discussion of other rare hybrids along with the dating of the parent reveals that, alone of British brooches, the Rearhook has what may be described as an abrupt cut-off date which can be equated with the suppression of the Iceni. Only one hybrid has any development, and that is the one to which the Marham brooch belongs. The fantail foot found on many Rearhooks also has a later history which is examined. The discussion focuses on the dating and distribution of what may be described as ultimate Rearhook derivatives. The early post-Boudiccan history of the Iceni is alluded to and a case presented for the probable deliberate plantation of Icenians at Castleford.
Saint Germanus and the British Missions
Authors: Barrett Anthony A. 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTConstantius' biography of Saint Germanus, written c. A.D. 480, includes accounts of two missions undertaken to counter the spread of Pelagianism in Britain. Germanus' frst mission is also mentioned in the chronicle of Prosper, dated to A.D. 429. The second mission is undated, and is almost certainly a fantasy. Germanus' supposed initial victory by persuasion is implausible. Also, Prosper's account of Pope Celestine I's anti-Pelagian campaigns demonstrates that the heresy was suppressed in Britain in the frst mission. The chronology of Tibatto's rebellion precludes a second mission, and its chronological anomalies arise from the need to accommodate just such a second mission.
New Light on the Wine Trade with Julio-Claudian Britain
Authors: Sealey Paul R. 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTExports of Italian wine to Gaul were in steep decline from c. 50 B.C. A quite different picture emerges from Britain where finds of the Italian Dressel I amphora peak at the very end of the form c. 10 B.C. The discrepancy between Gaul and Britain is explained by the export of commodities from Britain to supply the Roman army on the Rhine, and is the expression of a direct interest in the island by the Roman state. Afterwards, the number of wine amphoras reaching Britain declined sharply: in the 50 years before the Roman invasion the volume of amphora-borne wine imported by Britons fell by between two-thirds and three-quarters. This decline is apparent from both rich graves and settlement sites. The fall in the number of wine amphoras cannot be accounted for by the replacement of the amphora by the barrel as the standard commercial wine-container: we are dealing with a real decline in the volume of wine traded. In Gaul there was a similar slump in wine imports from Italy, and the same pattern is repeated in Mediterranean shipwrecks. It can be explained by growing demand for wine in Italy itself: wine that had hitherto been exported was now consumed in the peninsula.
Multiplex Screening of 22 Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in 7 Toll-like Receptors: An Association Study in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: ENEVOLD CHRISTIAN , RADSTAKE TIMOTHY R.D. , COENEN MARIEKE J.H. , FRANSEN JAAP , TOONEN ERIK J.M. , BENDTZEN KLAUS , van RIEL PIET L.C.M. 
Published: March 2010

Objective.Toll-like receptors (TLR) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of arthritis. We investigated the role of functional variants of TLR in the disease phenotype and severity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods.All patients from a longterm observational inception cohort (n = 319) were genotyped for 22 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in TLR2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, and 9 using multiplex assays. Clinical characteristics including sex, age at disease onset, rheumatoid factor (RF), and shared epitope positivity and disease activity score and radiological progression were taken into account. Genotypes were analyzed for association with Disease Activity Scores (DAS28) and joint damage (Rau scores) at 3 and 6 years.Results.After Bonferroni correction, there was a moderate association between RF positivity and TLR8-rs5741883. No other TLR variant was significantly associated with any RA clinical characteristics.Conclusion.Using a large inception cohort and strict statistical evaluation, we could not identify an association between functional TLR variants and RA phenotype and disease severity. This suggests the functional TLR variants do not play a major role in RA phenotype and disease severity.
Technologies and media in digital music: From music market crisis to new listening practices
Authors: Fouce-Rodríguez Héctor 
Published: March 2010

In the last decade, the music industry has become the paradigm of the transformations that has carried the development of the productive system towards Informational Capitalism. Of the hand of a quick technological innovation, not always produced by companies, new forms of production and consumption of music have been developed. This new environment has dragged the phonographic companies to a crisis of sales that has forced a radical transformation for the sake of survival. One of these business transformations has been the intensification of the management of copyright. This intensification occurs mainly in two areas: the extension of the protection deadlines and the expansion of the fields and rights management companies-driven activities. This article is intended to answer the question that lies behind the ambitions to modify the productive system: how create cultural industries capable, at the time, to maintain a common and democratic culture and also to develop initiatives to generate capital gains to musicians, songwriters, and other music professionals. We will use data from a research that have conducted three group interviews segmented by age. The aim is to cross the views and experiences of consumers with the analysis of the evolution of music industry organization. From the observation that the younger generations are installed in a culture of free music, we explore what new business opportunities appear and how are received from the conflicting positions already referred.En la última década la industria de la música se ha convertido en el paradigma de las transformaciones que ha traído consigo el desarrollo del modo productivo hacia el capitalismo informacional. De la mano de una veloz innovación tecnológica, no siempre producida en los entornos empresariales, se han desarrollado nuevas formas de producción y consumo de música que han arrastrado a las compañías productoras de fonogramas a una crisis de ventas que ha obligado a una radical transformación en estas empresas en aras de la supervivencia. Este artículo pretende dar respuesta a la interrogante que subyace en las ambiciones de modificar el tejido productivo: cómo crear unas industrias culturales que sean capaces, al tiempo, de mantener una cultura común y democrática y desarrollar iniciativas que generen plusvalías a músicos, compositores y otros profesionales de la música. Para ello, nos serviremos de los datos extraídos tras una investigación en la que se realizaron tres entrevistas de grupo segmentadas según la edad. Se trata de cruzar las opiniones y experiencias de los consumidores con el análisis de la evolución de la organización de la industria de la música. A partir de la constatación de que las generaciones más jóvenes están instaladas en una cultura de la gratuidad de la música, se trata de explorar qué nuevos espacios de negocio aparecen y cómo son recibidos desde las posiciones en conflicto ya referidas.
Are Patients' Expectations of Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Fulfilled? A Prospective Study of 130 Patients
Authors: Suda Arnold J. , Seeger Joern B. , Bitsch Rudi G. , Krueger Marlis , Clarius Michael 
Published: March 2010

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is the most successful procedure in orthopedic and trauma surgery. Patients' expectations of joint replacement surgery prior to and after the procedure are often discounted. This study investigated the expectations of patients before and 3 years after THA or total knee arthroplasty (TKA). A total of 130 patients (70 hips, 60 knees) received a modified FFbH-OA survey with 6 additional questions concerning patients' expectations before and 3 years after joint replacement surgery. The overall response rate was 78.8% (101 patients). Patients who underwent THA had a mean age of 63.7 years, and those who underwent TKA had a mean age of 67.4 years.
Sixty-three percent of all respondents reported that their expectations had been fulfilled or exceeded 3 years postoperatively (THA, 65%; TKA, 61%). A high negative correlation in the THA group could be seen between patients' expectations and clinical scores: the lower the clinical score, the less the patient's expectations had been fulfilled. A statistically significant increase of change in personal relationships was found, as well as a statistically significant decrease in worries and less complications than had been expected before joint replacement.
Thirty-seven percent of all respondents felt that their expectations regarding joint replacement had not been fulfilled. Looking at the results of this study, the 37% of patients whose expectations had not been fulfilled did not exhibit a lower postoperative functioning than those who were satisfied.
Autologous Blood and Corticosteroid Injection and Extracoporeal Shock Wave Therapy in the Treatment of Lateral Epicondylitis
Authors: Ozturan Kutay E. , Yucel Istemi , Cakici Husamettin , Guven Melih , Sungur Ibrahim 
Published: March 2010

Lateral epicondylitis is a common disorder characterized by pain and tenderness over the lateral epicondyle. It occurs most frequently as a result of minor, unrecognized trauma during sports activities and occupation-related physical activities. The goal of this study was to evaluate the short-, medium-, and long-term effects of corticosteroid injection, autologous blood injection, and extracorporeal shock wave therapy in the treatment of lateral epicondylitis.
Sixty patients (32 women, 28 men) with lateral epicondylitis were randomly divided into 3 groups: group 1 received a corticosteroid injection; group 2, an autologous blood injection, and group 3, extracorporeal shock wave therapy. Thomsen provocative testing, upper extremity functional scores, and maximal grip strength were used for evaluation. Outcomes were assessed at 4, 12, 26, and 52 weeks. Corticosteroid injection gave significantly better results for all outcome measures at 4 weeks; success rates in the 3 groups were 90%, 16.6%, and 42.1%, respectively. Autologous blood injection and extracorporeal shock wave therapy gave significantly better Thomsen provocative test results and upper extremity functional scores at 52 weeks; the success rate of corticosteroid injection was 50%, which was significantly lower than the success rates for autologous blood injection (83.3%) and extracorporeal shock wave therapy (89.9%). Corticosteroid injection provided a high success rate in the short term. However, autologous blood injection and extracorporeal shock wave therapy gave better long-term results, especially considering the high recurrence rate with corticosteroid injection. We suggest that the treatment of choice for lateral epicondylitis be autologous blood injection.
Superior Gluteal Artery Injury During Iliosacral Screw Placement Due to Aberrant Anatomy
Authors: Marmor Meir , Lynch Terry , Matityahu Amir 
Published: March 2010

Percutaneous iliosacral screws are considered the standard of care for disruptions of the sacroiliac joint. This article describes a case of iatrogenic injury to the superior gluteal artery during iliosacral screw insertion and analyzes the possible reasons for this complication.
A 32-year-old man diagnosed with an unstable pelvic ring injury underwent percutaneous fixation of the right sacroiliac joint. A 2-cm skin incision was made, and a straight cannulated awl was placed with the tip directly lateral to the S1 body. A guide wire was inserted and a partially threaded 6.5-mm cannulated screw with a washer was then placed over the guide wire and was found to be in excellent position. At this time, increased bleeding from the incision was observed. The incision was enlarged and dissection was carried down through the muscle. The bleeding vessel could not be visualized. Therefore, the wound was packed with sponges, and coil embolization of the right superficial gluteal artery was successfully performed.
Analysis of the angiography reveled that our patient's superficial branch of the superior gluteal artery measured more than twice the average length reported in a previous anatomic study. We believe this is the first case of superior gluteal artery bleeding due to aberrant superior gluteal artery anatomy. When planning iliosacral screw insertion, the possibility of anatomical variance of the superior gluteal artery should be acknowledged and sought after in preoperative angiography, when available.
Tibial Hemimelia and Femoral Bifurcation
Authors: Ugras Ali Akin , Sungur Ibrahim , Akyildiz Mustafa Fehmi , Ercin Ersin 
Published: March 2010

Femoral bifurcation and tibial agenesis are rare anomalies and have been described in both the Gollop-Wolfgang complex and tibial agenesis-ectrodactyly syndrome. This article presents a case of Gollop-Wolfgang complex without hand ectrodactyly. Tibial agenesis-ectrodactyly syndrome and Gollop-Wolfgang complex are variants of tibial field defect, which includes distal femoral duplication, tibial aplasia, oligo-ectrodactylous toe defects, and preaxial polydactyly, occasionally associated with hand ectrodactyly.
This article describes the case of a patient with bilateral tibial hemimelia and left femoral bifurcation. The proximal tibial anlage had not been identified in the patient's left leg. After failed fibular transfer procedure, the knee was disarticulated. The other leg was treated with tibiofibular synostosis and centralization of fibula to os calcis. At 7-year follow-up, the patient ambulates with an above-knee prosthesis and uses an orthopedic boot for ankle stability.
In patients with a congenital absence of the tibia, accurate diagnosis is of the utmost importance in planning future treatment. In the absence of proximal tibial anlage, especially in patients with femoral bifurcation, the knee should be disarticulated. Tibiofibular synostosis is a good choice in the presence of a proximal tibial anlage and good quadriceps function.
National Survey of Cardiologists’ Standard of Practice for Continuous ST-Segment Monitoring
Authors: Sandau Kristin E. , Sendelbach Sue , Frederickson Joel , Doran Karen 
Published: March 2010

Background Continuous ST-segment monitoring can be used to detect early and transient cardiac ischemia. The American Heart Association and American Association of Critical-Care Nurses recommend its use among specific patients, but such monitoring is routine practice in only about half of US hospitals.
Objective To determine cardiologists’ awareness and practice standards regarding continuous ST-segment monitoring and the physicians’ perceptions of appropriate patient selection, benefits and barriers, and usefulness of this technology.
Methods An electronic survey was sent to a random sample of 915 US cardiologists from a pool of 4985 certified cardiologists.
Results Of 200 responding cardiologists, 55% were unaware of the consensus guidelines. Of hospitals where respondents admitted patients, 49% had a standard of practice for using continuous ST-segment monitoring for cardiac patients. Most cardiologists agreed or strongly agreed that patients in the cardiovascular laboratory (87.5%) and intensive care unit (80.5%) should have such monitoring. Cardiologists routinely ordered ST monitoring for patients with acute coronary syndrome (67%) and after percutaneous coronary intervention (60%). The primary factor associated with higher perceptions for benefits, clinical usefulness, and past use of continuous ST-segment monitoring was whether or not hospitals in which cardiologists practiced had a standard of practice for using this monitoring. A secondary factor was awareness of published consensus guidelines for such monitoring.
Conclusion Respondents (55%) were unaware of published monitoring guidelines. Hospital leaders could raise awareness by multidisciplinary review of evidence and possibly incorporating continuous ST-segment monitoring into hospitals’ standards of practice.
Demand for Nursing Care for Patients in Intensive Care Units in Southeast Poland
Authors: Wysokinski Mariusz , Ksykiewicz-Dorota Anna , Fidecki Wieslaw 
Published: March 2010

Background The Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System is widely used in both Western Europe and the United States to assess the level of patients’ need for nursing care. Poland currently has 3 types of intensive care according to a territorial division of the country and the scope of medical treatment offered: poviat, voivodeship, and clinical.
Objective To determine the need for nursing care for patients in the 3 types of intensive care units in southeastern Poland.
Methods The investigation was conducted at 6 intensive care units in southeastern Poland in 2005 and 2006. Two units were randomly selected from each type of intensive care unit. A total of 155 patients from the units were categorized according to scores on the Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System 28.
Results Among the 3 types of units, patients varied significantly with respect to age, length of hospitalization, and scores on the Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System 28. Nevertheless, demand for nursing care during night and day shifts was similar in all 3 types. On the basis of the patients’ scores, all 3 types of units provided appropriate staffing levels necessary to meet the demands for nursing care. Most patients required category III level of care.
Conclusion Need or demand for nursing care in intensive care units in Poland varies according to the type of intensive care unit and can be determined on the basis of scores on the Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System 28.
TLR4 Signaling in Stromal Cells Is Critical for the Initiation of Allergic Th2 Responses to Inhaled Antigen
Authors: Tan Anna M. , Chen Hui-Chen , Pochard Pierre , Eisenbarth Stephanie C. , Herrick Christina A. , Bottomly H. Kim 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Allergic asthma is an inflammatory lung disease driven by Th2. We have shown that both Th1 and Th2 sensitization to inhaled OVA depend on the presence and concentration of LPS, where high concentrations (LPShi) induce Th1 and low concentrations (LPSlo), Th2. Stromal cells (SCs), such as airway SCs, exacerbate established airway disease; however, little is known about their role early during sensitization. In this study, using bone marrow chimeric mice to restrict TLR4 signaling to either the SC compartment (SC+HPC−) or the hematopoietic cell (HPC) compartment (SC−HPC+), we report that HPC TLR4 is necessary and sufficient for Th1 sensitization to OVA-LPShi, whereas TLR4 in both compartments is required for Th2 sensitization to OVA-LPSlo. Surprisingly, although SC+HPC− mice were unable to generate a Th1 response to OVA-LPShi, they instead mounted a robust Th2 response, indicating that in the presence of higher concentrations of LPS, SC TLR4 is sufficient for Th2 sensitization. We show that the SC TLR4 response to LPS leads to induction of Th2-inducing dendritic cells that upregulate Notch ligand Jagged-1 but not Delta-4. Furthermore, airway SCs upregulate thymic stromal lymphopoietin in response to exposure to both OVA-LPSlo and OVA-LPShi. These studies demonstrate that SC TLR4 signaling is critically involved in Th2 but not Th1 sensitization to inhaled Ag.
Triptolide Inhibits IL-12/IL-23 Expression in APCs via CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Protein α
Authors: Zhang Yan , Ma Xiaojing 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Triptolide is a biologically active component purified from Chinese herbal plant Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. It is widely used in East Asia for treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, nephritis, Bechect’s disease, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and asthma. However, its immunological mechanisms are poorly understood. IL-12 and IL-23 are closely related heterodimeric cytokines that share the common subunit p40. They are produced by APCs and are key factors in the generation and effector functions of Th1 and Th17 cells, respectively. They have been strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune disorders. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism whereby triptolide inhibits the expression of the p40 gene in APCs. We demonstrate that triptolide does so at the transcriptional level in part through targeting CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBPα), which directly interacts with the p40 promoter and inhibits its transcription in inflammatory macrophages. Triptolide can activate the transcription of C/EBPα, and phosphorylation of Ser21 and Thr222/226 critical for C/EBPα inhibition of p40. Further, activation of C/EBPα by triptolide is dependent on upstream kinases ERK1/2 and Akt-GSK3β. This study provides mechanistic insights into the immunomodulatory capacity of triptolide and has strong implications for its therapeutic applications in autoimmune diseases.
When's your birthday? The self‐reference effect in retrieval of dates
Authors: Rathbone Clare J. , Moulin Chris J. A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractMaterial encoded with reference to the self is better remembered. One interpretation of this effect is that the self operates to organise retrieval of memories. We were motivated to find out whether this organisational principle extended to everyday information and for material not explicitly related to the self. Participants generated friends' birthdays from memory and then gave their own birthday. We found that participants were particularly likely to recall birthdays from on or around the date of their own birthday. Thus, memory for birthdays clusters around self‐relevant information, even when there is no specific attempt to recall self‐related material. Birthdays clustered somewhat around the time of testing, important dates in the calendar, and for a close other, but not to the extent of the participants' birthdays. We suggest this is a demonstration of the organisational structure of the self in memory. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.