bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How do behavioral public policy experts see the role of complex systems perspectives? An expert interview study
Authors: Puukko Sarmite , Heino Matti T J , Kostamo Katri , Saurio Kaisa , Sniehotta Falko F , Hankonen Nelli 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Amidst the global momentum of behavioral insights (BI), there has been a shift from mostly nudge-based BI applications to systemic approaches. This is particularly pressing in public health, where interacting issues regularly produce unanticipated consequences. Regardless, little is known about adopting complex systems approaches in behavioral public policy. This study aims to capture current practices of international BI experts on the definition, application, drivers, and hindering factors in adopting complex systems approaches in public policy. Semi-structured individual expert interviews (n = 12) of international BI experts with extensive experience in educating, cooperating with, and/or advising public servants were analyzed with inductive content analysis. While the working definition of BI aligned with published definitions, experts varied in their descriptions of complex systems approaches and its significance for public policy, including socioecological aspects, systematic BI use across policy stages, recognizing intertwined behavior, and lack of ready-made solutions. They emphasized the importance of systems approaches, identifying drivers (e.g. need for a broader focus) and hindrances (e.g. pressure for quick results). Embracing complex systems in behavioral public policy provides a holistic perspective, extending beyond simple nudges, sometimes presumed as universally applicable. While complexity perspectives would align with policymakers’ worldview, applications require more work to tailor to local situations and to evaluate. Recognizing that, given their distinct expertise content, BI expertise can be quite different from complex systems expertise. The field would benefit from clear descriptions and specialized training for effective integration and advocacy for these approaches.
Why Programs Fail: Lessons for Improving Public Service Quality from a Mixed-Methods Evaluation of an Unsuccessful Teacher Training Program in Nepal
Authors: Schaffner Julie , Glewwe Paul , Sharma Uttam 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This study demonstrates rigorously that an at-scale government training program for secondary teachers in Nepal had little or no impact on student learning. It then documents five sets of weaknesses related to training uptake, training-session management, teacher subject knowledge, teacher adoption of new classroom practices, and student knowledge of earlier-grade curriculum content, each of which plausibly explains some, but not all, of the program's failure. While weaknesses in trainer and teacher motivation may have contributed to the program's disappointing performance, the study argues that time, resource, and capacity constraints of both trainers and teachers, and a mismatch between policy design and student learning needs, also limited program success. These results highlight the need to broaden common accountability-focused conceptions of how to improve public service quality.
The GWAS SNP rs80207740 modulates erythrocyte traits via allele‐specific binding of IKZF1 and targeting XPO7 gene
Authors: Hu Xinjun , Wang Jiaxin , Yang Ke , Fan Hong , Wu Jie , Ren Jiuqiang , Han Gaijing , Li Jing , Xue Zheng , Liu Xuehui , Lv Xiang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGenome‐wide association studies have identified many single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with erythrocyte traits. However, the functional variants and their working mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we reported that the SNP of rs80207740, which was associated with red blood cell (RBC) volume and hemoglobin content across populations, conferred enhancer activity to XPO7 gene via allele‐differentially binding to Ikaros family zinc finger 1 (IKZF1). We showed that the region around rs80207740 was an erythroid‐specific enhancer using reporter assays, and that the G‐allele further enhanced activity. 3D genome evidence showed that the enhancer interacted with the XPO7 promoter, and eQTL analysis suggested that the G‐allele upregulated expression of XPO7. We further showed that the rs80207740‐G allele facilitated the binding of transcription factor IKZF1 in EMSA and ChIP analyses. Knockdown of IKZF1 and GATA1 resulted in decreased expression of Xpo7 in both human and mouse erythroid cells. Finally, we constructed Xpo7 knockout mouse by CRISPR/Cas9 and observed anemic phenotype with reduced volume and hemoglobin content of RBC, consistent to the effect of rs80207740 on erythrocyte traits. Overall, our study demonstrated that rs80207740 modulated erythroid indices by regulating IKZF1 binding and Xpo7 expression.
Pericyte in retinal vascular diseases: A multifunctional regulator and potential therapeutic target
Authors: Zhang Quan , Yan Xianchun , Han Hua , Wang Yusheng , Sun Jiaxing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRetinal vascular diseases (RVDs), in particular diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occlusion, and retinopathy of prematurity, are leading contributors to blindness. The pathogenesis of RVD involves vessel dilatation, leakage, and occlusion; however, the specific underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Recent findings have indicated that pericytes (PCs), as critical members of the vascular mural cells, significantly contribute to the progression of RVDs, including detachment from microvessels, alteration of contractile and secretory properties, and excessive production of the extracellular matrix. Moreover, PCs are believed to have mesenchymal stem properties and, therefore, might contribute to regenerative therapy. Here, we review novel ideas concerning PC characteristics and functions in RVDs and discuss potential therapeutic strategies based on PCs, including the targeting of pathological signals and cell‐based regenerative treatments.
KIF23 promotes cervical cancer progression via inhibiting NLRP3‐mediated pyroptosis
Authors: Liu Xiaoyan , Xie Xiaoqing , Li Qiulian , Xie Xiaohong , Xiong Min , Han Wenling , Xie Wei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundCervical cancer (CC), closely linked to persistent human papillomavirus infection, represents a major health problem for women worldwide. The objective of this study is to elucidate KIF23's role in the development of CC and its regulatory mechanism.MethodsThe bioinformatics methods were utilized to extract pyroptosis‐associated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and pivot genes from the GSE9750 and GSE63678 datasets, followed by immune infiltration analysis and quantification of these genes' expression. The effects of kinesin family member 23 (KIF23) were verified through functional experiments in vitro and a mouse xenograft model. The NLPR3 activator, nigericin, was applied for further analyzing the potential regulatory mechanism of KIF23 in CC.ResultsA total of 8 pyroptosis‐related DEGs were screened out, among which 4 candidate core genes were identified as candidate hub genes and confirmed upregulation in CC tissues and cells. These genes respectively showed a positive correlation with the infiltration of distinct immune cells or tumor purity. Downregulation of KIF23 could suppress the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities in CC cells and tumorigenesis through enhancing pyroptosis. Conversely, KIF23 overexpression accelerated the malignant phenotypes of CC cells and inhibited pyroptosis activation, which was blocked by nigericin treatment.ConclusionsKIF23 may play an oncogenic role in CC progression via inhibition of the NLRP3‐mediated pyroptosis pathway.
Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 upregulation in urinary extracellular vesicles from proximal tubules of type 2 diabetic rats
Authors: Sei Haruka , Hirade Naoya , Kamiya Kohei , Nakashima Fumie , Yoshitake Jun , Kano Keiko , Mishiro‐Sato Emi , Kikuchi Ryosuke , Uchida Koji , Shibata Takahiro 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDiabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major cause of chronic kidney disease. Microalbuminuria is currently the most common non‐invasive biomarker for the early diagnosis of DN. However, renal structural damage may have advanced when albuminuria is detected. In this study, we sought biomarkers for early DN diagnosis through proteomic analysis of urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) from type 2 diabetic model rats and normal controls. Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) was significantly increased in uEVs from diabetic model rats at the early stage despite minimal differences in albuminuria between the groups. Calorie restriction significantly suppressed the increase in IDH1 in uEVs and 24‐hour urinary albumin excretion, suggesting that the increase in IDH1 in uEVs was associated with the progression of DN. Additionally, we investigated the origin of IDH1‐containing uEVs based on their surface sugar chains. Lectin affinity enrichment and immunohistochemical staining showed that IDH1‐containing uEVs were derived from proximal tubules. These findings suggest that the increase in IDH1 in uEVs reflects pathophysiological alterations in the proximal tubules and that IDH1 in uEVs may serve as a potential biomarker of DN in the proximal tubules.
Melatonin suppresses atherosclerosis by ferroptosis inhibition via activating NRF2 pathway
Authors: Tao Yangyang , Zhao Qinglong , Lu Chengbo , Yong Weilin , Xu Mingyuan , Wang Zhuo , Leng Xiaoping 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMelatonin (MLT), a conserved small indole compound, exhibits anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties, contributing to its cardioprotective effects. Lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A2 (Lp‐PLA2) is associated with atherosclerosis disease risk, and is known as an atherosclerosis risk biomarker. This study aimed to investigate the impact of MLT on Lp‐PLA2 expression in the atherosclerotic process and explore the underlying mechanisms involved. In vivo, ApoE−/− mice were fed a high‐fat diet, with or without MLT administration, after which the plaque area and collagen content were assessed. Macrophages were pretreated with MLT combined with ox‐LDL, and the levels of ferroptosis‐related proteins, NRF2 activation, mitochondrial function, and oxidative stress were measured. MLT administration significantly attenuated atherosclerotic plaque progression, as evidenced by decreased plaque area and increased collagen. Compared with those in the high‐fat diet (HD) group, the levels of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and SLC7A11 (xCT, a cystine/glutamate transporter) in atherosclerotic root macrophages were significantly increased in the MLT group. In vitro, MLT activated the nuclear factor‐E2‐related Factor 2 (NRF2)/SLC7A11/GPX4 signaling pathway, enhancing antioxidant capacity while reducing lipid peroxidation and suppressing Lp‐PLA2 expression in macrophages. Moreover, MLT reversed ox‐LDL‐induced ferroptosis, through the use of ferrostatin‐1 (a ferroptosis inhibitor) and/or erastin (a ferroptosis activator). Furthermore, the protective effects of MLT on Lp‐PLA2 expression, antioxidant capacity, lipid peroxidation, and ferroptosis were decreased in ML385 (a specific NRF2 inhibitor)‐treated macrophages and in AAV‐sh‐NRF2 treated ApoE−/− mice. MLT suppresses Lp‐PLA2 expression and atherosclerosis processes by inhibiting macrophage ferroptosis and partially activating the NRF2 pathway.
Effect of Training Backgrounds on Plastic Surgery Leadership: A Logistic Regression Analysis
Authors: Reddy Narainsai K. , Gutowski Kristof S. , Yau Alice , Lentskevich Marina A. , Aronson Sofia , Bajaj Anitesh , Weissman Joshua P. , Crawford Scott , Gosain Arun K. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Although career choices are often shaped by training and mentors, it is not clear how training backgrounds have influenced whether plastic surgeons pursue leadership positions. Analysis of these training pathways can serve as a key component of career planning for future leaders.

Methods:
The American Board of Plastic Surgery’s annual Newsletter to Diplomates was used to collate surgeons receiving board certification between 2002 and 2013. Online public profiles were used to collect training background data about each surgeon, including fellowship training, board certification year, MBA degree, otolaryngology or maxillofacial surgery training before commencing plastic surgery training, and leadership positions in surgery. A logistic multinomial regression was used to test the effect of training backgrounds on different types of leadership positions.

Results:
In total, 2190 plastic surgeons were included in the analysis. Factors increasing the probability of holding any type of position included fellowships in microsurgery, craniofacial, and hand; an international fellowship; multiple fellowships; a fellowship not otherwise specified; and MBA degree. Training background factors affected probabilities differently for each of the studied positions including chair/chief, vice chair/vice chief, program director, plastic surgery medical director, other institutional positions, and national society positions.

Conclusions:
Training backgrounds of plastic surgeons in leadership positions are multifaceted, involving a mix of intrinsic and extrinsic factors such as additional educational pursuits, subspecialty training, duration of practice, and practice setting. This analysis can help direct current trainees who aspire to future leadership in plastic surgery.
36-year Follow-up on Scalp Reconstruction Using Free Latissimus Dorsi Muscle Flap, Skin Grafting, and Scalp Expansion
Authors: Ghorbani Nourollah B. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Immediate coverage of a large area of exposed skull is the first step in reconstructing a major scalp loss. In the 1970s, the free omental flap was used for scalp reconstruction, replacing removal of the external table and skin grafting only. Introduction of flaps and expanders has revolutionized reconstruction of major scalp losses. A free muscle flap is used to cover the exposed skull. Skin graft covers the muscle flap, and next, the expanded scalp is used to restore the scalp to its original shape. In certain cases, a hair transplant could help create a more natural hairline.

Methods:
In this case, in 1987, a free latissimus dorsi muscle flap and skin grafting were used in a 27-year-old man with major scalp loss. The left latissimus dorsi muscle was harvested with its vascular pedicle intact. Left superficial temporal vessels were used as recipients. After complete healing of the free flap, scalp and forehead skin were expanded and used to restore the scalp to its preinjury shape.

Results:
Coverage of the exposed parietal skull with free latissimus dorsi muscle flap and skin graft was successful. Then, scalp tissue surrounding the defect and forehead skin were expanded and used to restore the scalp to its original shape.

Conclusions:
This 36-year follow-up in a patient who had major scalp reconstruction using free latissimus dorsi muscle and skin grafting followed by scalp and forehead expansion shows that this method provides an excellent and reliable long-term coverage for such an injury.
Effects of intestine-specific deletion of FGF15 on the development of fatty liver disease with vertical sleeve gastrectomy
Authors: Chow Monica D. , Otersen Katherine , Wassef Andrew , Kong Bo , Yamarthy Sowmya , Rizzolo Daniel , Yang Ill , Buckley Brian , Lu Alexander , Crook Naomi , Lee Matthew , Gao Judy , Naganand Sareena , Stofan Mary F. , Armstrong Laura , Schumacher Justin , Taylor Rulaiha , Henry Zakiyah , Basaly Veronia , Yang Zhenning , Zhang Min , Huang Mingxing , Kagan Leonid , Brunetti Luigi , Sadek Ragui , Lee Yi-Horng , Guo Grace L. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Vertical sleeve gastrectomy (SGx) is a type of bariatric surgery to treat morbid obesity and metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). The molecular mechanisms of SGx to improve MASLD are unclear, but increased bile acids (BAs) and FGF19 (mouse FGF15) were observed. FGF15/19 is expressed in the ileum in response to BAs and is critical in not only suppressing BA synthesis in the liver but also promoting energy expenditure. We hypothesized the reduction of obesity and resolution of MASLD by SGx may be mediated by FGF15/19.

Methods:
First, we conducted hepatic gene expression analysis in obese patients undergoing SGx, with the results showing increased expression of FGF19 in obese patients’ livers. Next, we used wild-type and intestine-specific Fgf15 knockout mice (Fgf15
ile−/−) to determine the effects of FGF15 deficiency on improving the metabolic effects.

Results:
SGx improved metabolic endpoints in both genotypes, evidenced by decreased obesity, improved glucose tolerance, and reduced MASLD progression. However, Fgf15
ile−/− mice showed better improvement compared to wild-type mice after SGx, suggesting that other mediators than FGF15 are also responsible for the beneficial effects of FGF15 deficiency. Further gene expression analysis in brown adipose tissue suggests increased thermogenesis.

Conclusions:
FGF15 deficiency, the larger BA pool and higher levels of secondary BAs may increase energy expenditure in extrahepatic tissues, which may be responsible for improved metabolic functions following SGx.
Ethanol disrupts hepatocellular lipophagy by altering Rab5-centric LD-lysosome trafficking
Authors: Schott Micah B. , Rozeveld Cody N. , Bhatt Saumya , Crossman Bridget , Krueger Eugene W. , Weller Shaun G. , Rasineni Karuna , Casey Carol A. , McNiven Mark A. 
Published: May 2024

Background:Previous reports suggest that lipid droplets (LDs) in the hepatocyte can be catabolized by a direct engulfment from nearby endolysosomes (microlipophagy). Further, it is likely that this process is compromised by chronic ethanol (EtOH) exposure leading to hepatic steatosis. This study investigates the hepatocellular machinery supporting microlipophagy and EtOH-induced alterations in this process with a focus on the small, endosome-associated, GTPase Rab5.Methods and Results:Here we report that this small Ras-related GTPase is a resident component of LDs, and its activity is important for hepatocellular LD-lysosome proximity and physical interactions. We find that Rab5 siRNA knockdown causes an accumulation of LDs in hepatocytes by inhibiting lysosome dependent LD catabolism. Importantly, Rab5 appears to support this process by mediating the recruitment of early endosomal and or multivesicular body compartments to the LD surface before lysosome fusion. Interestingly, while wild-type or a constituently active GTPase form (Q79L) of Rab5 supports LD-lysosome transport, this process is markedly reduced in cells expressing a GTPase dead (S34N) Rab5 protein or in hepatocytes exposed to chronic EtOH.Conclusions:These findings support the novel premise of an early endosomal/multivesicular body intermediate compartment on the LD surface that provides a “docking” site for lysosomal trafficking, not unlike the process that occurs during the hepatocellular degradation of endocytosed ligands that is also known to be compromised by EtOH exposure.
Evaluation of In-Brace Coronal and Sagittal Plane Measurements Between CAD/Chêneau-Style and Traditionally Fabricated Wilmington Braces in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Asma Ali , Ulusaloglu Armagan Can , Bowen J. Richard , Yorgova Petya , Michalowski Heather , Lawall Harry J. , Mackenzie W.G. Stuart , Gabos Peter G. , Shah Suken A. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Traditional thoracolumbosacral orthosis fabrication involves truncal casting (traditionally fabricated [TF] Wilmington brace [WB]), whereas the newer Chêneau-style brace (computer-aided design [CAD]) involves three-dimensional truncal scanning technology. We sought to evaluate how these two brace styles affect the position of the spine in the coronal and sagittal plane.

Materials and Methods
Inclusion criteria included adolescent idiopathic scoliosis treated with WB or CAD Chêneau-style brace, major curve Cobb angle 20°–45°, age 10–15 years, Risser 0–3, and radiographs (prebrace and in-brace posteroanterior and lateral). Analysis included 28 CAD Chêneau-style braces and 56 WB patients.

Results
There was no difference between groups regarding age, sex, body mass index, major curve location, major curve degree, sagittal plane curvature, and pelvic parameters. In-brace analysis demonstrated decreased sagittal plane curvatures and increased T1 pelvic angle in both groups; both had significantly reduced major curve correction. Coronal plane major curve correction ratio of the two groups was similar (P = 0.236). In the CAD Chêneau-style brace group, the thoracolumbar junction became more kyphotic (P = 0.03). In the WB group, both coronal balance and thoracic trunk shift were leftward (P = 0.001). Both groups had a significant increase in T1 pelvic angle, but this increase was higher in the CAD Chêneau-style brace group (P = 0.045).

Conclusions
Both braces exert a flattening effect on the spine and positive global sagittal balance. Coronal plane major curve correction was similar for both groups. Coronal plane trunk shift and C7 coronal balance were significantly changed leftward after WB application. Kyphotic thoracolumbar transition and forward tilt of the spine (T1 pelvic angle) were significantly greater in CAD Chêneau-style brace than WB.

Clinical Relevance
A Chêneau-style brace fabricated with CAD/computer-aided manufacturing technology can produce a brace comparable to one fabricated by traditional methods using cast molding.
Prepectoral Breast Reconstruction Prompts Revisiting the Anatomical Boundaries of the Breast: A Radiographic and Cadaveric Study
Authors: Dassoulas Kasandra R. , Ndem Idorenyin , Holland Michael , Chou Jesse , Schroen Anneke T. , Campbell Chris A. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
This study aimed to determine the location of superficial fascial system condensations in relation to classic anatomical breast boundaries. Cadaveric studies have provided some understanding, but knowledge about the precise location of these condensations remains limited.

Methods:
Preoperative breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was conducted to assess the fascial condensations defining the breast footprint relative to landmarks such as the latissimus, clavicle, sternal border, and inframammary fold. Concurrently, cadaveric mastectomies were performed to measure the breast borders in relation to these landmarks for comparison.

Results:
A total of 290 breasts underwent preoperative MRI. Eight cadaveric breast dissections were completed. Radiographically, the lateral breast fascial condensation was 3.9 cm medial to the latissimus dorsi, whereas cadaveric measurements were 4.5 cm. The medial condensation was 2.1 cm lateral to the sternal border radiographically and 4.8 cm to the midline in cadavers. The superior fascial condensation was 2.3 cm inferior to the clavicle radiographically and 5.5 cm by dissection. The inferior condensation was above the inframammary fold in 82.7% of breasts by MRI and 100% of cadaveric breasts. MRI and cadaveric investigation showed similar patterns of breast tissue fascial condensations relative to standard breast boundaries. Breast skin flap thickness was greater peripherally (MRI, 11.5 mm; cadaver, 11.1 mm) than centrally (MRI, 6.6 mm; cadaver, 5.5 mm).

Conclusions:
MRI and cadaveric analysis demonstrated a close correlation between the superficial fascial system and standard breast boundaries, although variations existed between subjects. Collaborating with breast oncologists and using preoperative imaging to identify individual fascial condensations may enhance the camouflage of prepectoral implants after mastectomy.
Dead Space - The Final Frontier in Rhinoplasty: Review and 10 Key Recommendations
Authors: Rohrich Rod J. , Payton Jesse , Rohrich Rachel , Fisher Sean M. , Borab Zachary M. 
Published: May 2024

Summary:
Mitigating dead space has been recognized as an essential step towards ensuring a more predictable and aesthetically pleasing outcome in rhinoplasty. The current body of literature leaves a discernible gap in offering a unified, systematic approach to dead space management in rhinoplasty. The aim of our article is to bridge this gap by presenting an integrative approach to surgical and post-surgical techniques.