bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceived burden and quality of life of caregivers in obsessive–compulsive disorder
Authors: Grover Sandeep , Dutt Alakananda 
Published: September 2011

Aim:  The study aimed to examine the family burden and quality of life (QOL) of caregivers of patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD).Methods:  A cross‐sectional assessment of 50 patients with OCD and their caregivers was carried out. The severity of OCD was assessed using the Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale. The caregivers were assessed using the Family Burden Interview Schedule and the World Health Organization Quality of Life BREF version (WHOQOL‐BREF).Results:  Fifty‐six percent of caregivers reported a high objective burden. Severity of illness correlated with burden and impaired QOL of caregivers. Age of patient, longer duration of illness and longer duration of treatment were predictive of poorer QOL of caregivers in the physical health domain. Greater objective burden, disruption of family leisure and interaction due to OCD led to significantly poorer QOL in all domains in caregivers. Higher financial burden, perception of poorer mental health, and higher subjective burden were predictive of poorer physical, general health and general and psychological QOL, respectively.Conclusions:  The study provides important insights into the QOL and perceived burden of caregivers of OCD patients. It highlights the need for improving the quality of care not only for patients but also for primary caregivers.
Remission in schizophrenia: A community‐based 6‐year follow‐up study in Bali
Authors: Kurihara Toshiyuki , Kato Motoichiro , Reverger Robert , Tirta I. Gusti Rai 
Published: September 2011

Aim:  The purpose of this naturalistic study was to investigate the rate and predictors of remission at medium‐term follow up of individuals with schizophrenia in a community setting in Bali.Methods:  Subjects comprised 37 individuals with schizophrenia, including 19 never‐treated cases, screened from 8546 general residents. Outcome was evaluated using the standardized symptomatic remission criteria based on Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale scores and operational functional remission criteria at 6‐year follow up.Results:  Ten individuals (27%) achieved symptomatic remission, 12 (32%) achieved functional remission, and 10 (27%) achieved complete remission (i.e. symptomatic and functional remission). Lower Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale negative symptom score at baseline and receipt of psychiatric treatment for more than half of the follow‐up period were predictors of complete remission.Conclusions:  The majority of community‐screened individuals with schizophrenia failed to achieve complete remission at the 6‐year follow up. These results suggest that strategies promoting mental health service utilization among individuals with schizophrenia are essential in Bali.
Factors related to readmission to a ward for dementia patients: Sex differences
Authors: Ono Toshiyuki , Tamai Akira , Takeuchi Daisuke , Tamai Yuzuru 
Published: September 2011

Aim:  The aim of this study was to investigate the factors related to readmission to a ward for dementia patients with special attention to sex‐related issues.Methods:  We reviewed the data of 326 patients who were hospitalized in a ward for dementia patients between 1 April 2000 and 31 March 2008, and followed up for 24 months after discharge. For univariate and multivariate analyses, patients were divided into: (i) patients who were not readmitted to our ward within 24 months (control); (ii) patients who were readmitted to our ward within 3 months (early readmission); and (iii) patients readmitted within 4 to 24 months (late readmission).Results:  Factors related to readmission differed between sexes as well as between the early and late stage. A small number of cohabitants and outcome (hospital) were factors related to early readmission in men, while outcome (hospital) and long stay in the ward were related to early readmission in women. High physical function, care distress and short stay in the ward were the factors related to late readmission in women.Conclusions:  Most patients who were transferred to another hospital were readmitted within 3 months. Some women were readmitted in the late stage. They had relatively high cognitive and physical functions and most of their caregivers had care distress. The causes of readmission were not due to a decline in cognitive function. It is important to prevent complications in dementia patients and to establish a caregiving system for dementia patients that decreases the burden on caregivers in order to reduce the rate of readmission.
Medication prescription among elderly patients admitted through an acute assessment unit
Authors: Yong Tuck Yean , Lau Su Yin , Li Jordan Yuanzhi , Hakendorf Paul , Thompson Campbell Henry 
Published: September 2011

Aim:  This study assessed medication use patterns and polypharmacy in patients who were admitted through an acute assessment unit (AAU) and stratified results according to patient age. This study also examined risk factors associated with polypharmacy and consequences of polypharmacy, namely prescription writing errors, drug–drug interaction and geriatric syndrome.Methods:  The medication charts and admission notes of 200 consecutive patients admitted through the AAU over a period of 1 month were retrospectively reviewed. Data were collected on patients' demographics, comorbidities, types and number of medications, hospital length of stay and reason(s) for presentation. Potentially harmful prescription errors or errors necessitating intervention were also recorded, as were any potential adverse drug–drug interactions.Results:  Medications for the treatment of disorders of the cardiovascular (46% of total patients) and nervous systems (30%) predominated. Of the 200 patients reviewed, 158 were aged ≥65 years and their mean serum creatinine was higher than those aged <65 years (100.9 ± 54.0 vs. 79.9 ± 45.9 µmol/L, P = 0.01), 81% were taking five or more concurrent regular medications at the time of admission. Of all 200 patients, 28% suffered renal impairment, defined as creatinine >100 µmol/L for women and >120 µmol/L for men. The presence of more than two comorbidities (odds ratio (OR) 6.80; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.89–16.00; P < 0.001) and age (OR 2.91; 95% CI 1.24–6.80; P = 0.01), were factors associated with polypharmacy. Excessive polypharmacy was associated with an increased risk of prescription errors that could cause temporary harm or required intervention (OR 5.23; 95% CI 1.39, 19.69; P = 0.009) but was not associated with a prolonged length of stay.Conclusions:  This study showed that polypharmacy and renal impairment are prevalent amongst elderly patients admitted through an AAU. Polypharmacy in the elderly is attributable to greater comorbidities and is associated with an increased risk of adverse consequences. To avoid inappropriate medication use and improve the quality of prescription among those with polypharmacy, careful review of elderly patients' drugs is needed while they are in the AAU. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2012; 12: 93–101.
The role of peripheral nerves in urodele limb regeneration
Authors: Stocum David L. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractNerve axons and the apical epidermal cap (AEC) are both essential for the formation of an accumulation blastema by amputated limbs of urodele salamanders. The AEC forms in the absence of axons, but is not maintained, and blastema formation fails. Growth stages of the blastema become nerve‐independent for morphogenesis, but remain dependent on the nerve for blastema growth. Denervated growth stage blastemas form smaller than normal skeletal parts, owing to diminished mitosis, but form the full proximodistal array of skeletal elements. This difference in nerve dependency of morphogenesis and proliferation is hypothesized to be the result of a dependence of the AEC on nerves for blastema cell proliferation but not for blastema morphogenesis. Regenerating axons induce the synthesis and secretion of the anterior gradient protein (AGP) by distal Schwann cells during dedifferentiation and by the gland cells of the AEC during blastema growth stages. AGP promotes the regeneration of a denervated limb to digit stages when electroporated into the limb during dedifferentiation. Once a critical mass of blastema cells has been attained, the blastema can undergo morphogenesis in the absence of the nerve, but the regenerate will be a miniature, because the nerve is no longer inducing the AEC to carry out its AGP‐mediated proliferative function. AGP expression by both Schwann cells and the AEC is induced by axons, but the nature of the inductive agent is unclear.
Adult neurogenesis and neuronal regeneration in the central nervous system of teleost fish
Authors: Zupanc Günther K. H. , Sîrbulescu Ruxandra F. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractTeleost fish are distinguished by their ability to constitutively generate new neurons in the adult central nervous system (‘adult neurogenesis’), and to regenerate whole neurons after injury (‘neuronal regeneration’). In the brain, new neurons are produced in large numbers in several dozens of proliferation zones. In the spinal cord, proliferating cells are present in the ependymal layer and throughout the parenchyma. In the retina, new cells arise from the ciliary marginal zone and from Müller glia. Experimental evidence has suggested that both radial glia and non‐glial cells can function as adult stem cells. The proliferative activity of these cells can be regulated by molecular factors, such as fibroblast growth factor and Notch, as well as by social and behavioral experience. The young cells may either reside near the respective proliferation zone, or migrate to specific target areas. Approximately half of the newly generated cells persist for the rest of the fish’s life, and many of them differentiate into neurons. After injury, a massive surge of apoptotic cell death occurs at the lesion site within a few hours. Apoptosis is followed by a marked increase in cell proliferation and neurogenesis, leading to repair of the tissue. The structural regeneration is paralleled by partial or complete recovery of function. Recent investigations have led to the identification of several dozens of molecular factors that are potentially involved in the process of regeneration.
Attitudes of European farmers towards GM crop adoption
Authors: Areal Francisco J. , Riesgo Laura , Rodríguez‐Cerezo Emilio 
Published: September 2011

SummaryThis article analyses European Union (EU) farmers’ attitudes towards adoption of genetically modified crops by identifying and classifying groups of farmers. Cluster analysis provided two groups of farmers allowing us to classify farmers into potential adopters or rejecters of genetically modified herbicide‐tolerant (GMHT) crops. Results showed that economic issues such as the guarantee of a higher income and the reduction of weed control costs are the most encouraging reasons for potential adopters and rejecters of GMHT crops. This article also examines how putting in place measures to ensure coexistence between GM and non‐GM crops may influence farmers’ attitudes towards GMHT crop adoption. Results show that the implementation of a coexistence policy would have a negative impact on farmers’ attitudes on adoption and consequently may hamper GMHT adoption in the EU.
THE FALLACY OF NEUTRALITY: THE INTERRUPTION OF PREGNANCY OF ANENCEPHALIC FETUS IN BRAZIL
Authors: FONSECA ANA CAROLINA DA COSTA E 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTThose who favor and those who oppose the interruption of pregnancy with anencephalic fetuses answer the question ‘what is the right to life?’ differently. Those in favor argue that life exists only when it is ‘viable’; that is to say, when cerebral activities occur or may occur. Those who oppose it argue that it is not possible to describe ‘life’ as residing in a particular quality, since life ‘exists from conception’. In fact, in both cases, the noun ‘life’ is being defined by a particular quality, either as ‘viable’ or as ‘existing from the time of conception’. Also, simply saying that ‘there is life’ cannot count as a neutral answer since those who utter such a sentence employ an unspecified criterion to establish if there is life or not. There are two possible ways to investigate this controversial matter: either we look for a definition of ‘life’ which is neutral and objective and does not reside in a particular quality or we try to establish whether or not the search for a neutral point of view can lead to a satisfactory answer. In this article we explore the argument against the interruption of pregnancy – as defined above – in order to show 1) the impossibility of establishing a neutral point of view regarding knowledge; 2) the existence of a psychological motivation which justifies the longing for an absolute criterion for the evaluation of human actions. This psychological motivation is analyzed from a Nietzschean perspective.
PRECONCEPTION CARE: A PARENTING PROTOCOL. A MORAL INQUIRY INTO THE RESPONSIBILITIES OF FUTURE PARENTS TOWARDS THEIR FUTURE CHILDREN
Authors: VAN DER ZEE BOUKJE , DE BEAUFORT INEZ 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTIn the Netherlands fertility doctors increasingly formulate protocols, which oblige patients to quit their unhealthy lifestyle before they are admitted to IVF procedures. We argue that moral arguments could justify parenting protocols that concern all future parents. In the first part we argue that want‐to‐be parents have moral responsibilities towards their future children to prevent them from harm by diminishing or eliminating risk factors before as well as during the pregnancy. This is because of the future children's potential to become of a certain type, more specifically: a person that will be the want‐to‐be parents' child. Want‐to‐be parents intend to become pregnant and therefore have an additional moral reason to diminish the risks. Also, people who become pregnant unintentionally have the responsibility to prevent their children from harm, unless they become pregnant due to contraception failure. All people not wanting to become pregnant should use contraception methods carefully.In the second part of this paper we translate the want‐to‐be parents' responsibilities into practice. We distinguish four determinants of risk factors: modifiability, chance, severity and effort. We examine some evidence‐based risk factors based on these variables and deduce levels of responsibility.In conclusion, formulating informal requirements for want‐to‐be parents is morally required and therefore also for want‐to‐be parents in need of medical assistance. The protocols developed by fertility doctors in the Netherlands could be seen as the precursor for a general, informal Parenting Protocol that could be developed on the basis of an extended and thoroughly debated risk‐responsibility analysis.
Effects of pair collaboration and word‐frequency in recognition memory: A study with the remember‐know procedure
Authors: ROSSI‐ARNAUD CLELIA , PIERONI LAURA , SPATARO PIETRO , CESTARI VINCENZO 
Published: September 2011

Rossi‐Arnaud, C., Pieroni, L., Spataro, P. & Cestari, V. (2011). Effects of pair collaboration and word‐frequency in recognition memory: A study with the remember‐know procedure. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 52, 516–523.The present study investigated the effects of pair collaboration and word‐frequency on recognition memory, using the “remember‐know” procedure. The aim was to test the predictions of the information‐exchange hypothesis (Clark, Hori, Putnam & Martin, 2000), which states that collaborative facilitation occurs when participants are able to share their recollective memories with other members of the group. Results showed that recognition performance was significantly better in the collaborative than in the individual condition, and better for low‐frequency than for high‐frequency words. The advantage of collaborating dyads was produced by an increase of correct hits, coupled with a significant reduction of false alarms. Furthermore, the analysis of the “remember” (R) and “know” (K) responses indicated that the effects of both pair collaboration and word‐frequency were larger on recollection than on familiarity processes. It is concluded that, in a collaborative condition, arguments based on the retrieval of the contextual details associated with the target words are more effective than those based on familiarity in increasing the proportions of correct hits. In addition, it is proposed that collaboration may lead to a reduction of the probability to accept new items on the basis of familiarity (K) responses.
The impact of management on medical professionalism: a review
Authors: Numerato Dino , Salvatore Domenico , Fattore Giovanni 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn the last three decades, medical doctors have increasingly been exposed to management control measures. This phenomenon has been reflected in a number of studies in various disciplines, including sociology, organisation studies, management, and health service research. This article seeks to provide a comprehensive overview of the studies dealing with the impact of management on professional control. In particular, it seeks to bridge the diversity of assumptions, theoretical perspectives and conceptual underpinnings at play, by exploring synergies between them and opening up new horizons for research. The review shows how the relationship between clinicians and management has been analysed at an organisational level using two interconnected analytical frameworks focusing on the sociocultural and task‐related dimensions of professionalism. In the final discussion, we argue that comparative, longitudinal and cross‐sectional research is necessary, and there is a need to overcome the hegemony/resistance framework in current analyses of the impact of management on professionalism. Such an approach would contribute to the revision of macro theories of professionalism and stimulate emerging research by examining different perspectives towards management in medical specialisations. This approach might also stimulate a discussion of medical professionals’ relationships with members of other professional groups, including nurses and healthcare managers.
A theory‐based model of translation practices in public health participatory research
Authors: Clavier Carole , Sénéchal Yan , Vibert Stéphane , Potvin Louise 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis article explores the innovative practices of actors specifically mandated to support interactions between academic researchers and their partners from the community during public health participatory research. Drawing on the concept of translation as developed in actor‐network theory and found in the literature on knowledge transfer and the sociology of intermediate actors, we build a theory‐based model of the translation practices developed by these actors at the interface between community and university. We refine this model by using it to analyse material from two focus groups comprising participants purposively selected because they work at the nexus between research and practice. Our model of translation practices includes cognitive (dealing with the contents of the research), strategic (geared to facilitating the research process and balancing power relationships among the partners) and logistic practices (the hands‐on tasks of coordination). Combined, these three types of translation practices demonstrate that actors working at the interface in participatory research contribute to multidirectional exchanges and the co‐construction of knowledge among research partners. Beyond the case of participatory research, theorising translation practices helps understand how knowledge is produced at the interface between academic and experiential (or lay) knowledge.
Translating Holiness: Forms of Word, Writ and Righteousness
Authors: VANHOOZER KEVIN J. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis article reflects theologically on the 400th anniversary of the King James Version of the English Bible under the rubric ‘translating holiness’. A first section examines the notion of theology as translation as well as the general challenge of translation: saying the same thing in other words. The second section examines the KJV as an essentially literal, nation‐building translation. The final section asks whether translation can be considered a fourth form of the Word of God and suggests that its proper dogmatic location is the triune economy of translation in which the Spirit communicates righteousness, forming Christ through the ministry of the Word.
Kings, Professors, and Ploughboys: On the Accessibility of Scripture
Authors: HOLMES STEPHEN R. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractUnder the heading of ‘the accessibility of Scripture’ I investigate accounts of the conditions – skills, knowledge or status – necessary to extracting meaning from the text adequately. I suggest that modern theological scholarship has a visibly different account from classical Reformation and post‐Reformation dogmatics, insisting on the need for historical and linguistic expertise, which used to be denied, and refusing any account of the need for the aid of the Holy Spirit, which used to be insisted upon. I suggest that, because of the constructed nature of the ‘Bible’, theological accounts of Bible reading must be responsible to lived practices of engagement with the text to be academically coherent, and on this basis argue for the superiority of the older tradition.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the lip. A retrospective study of 146 patients
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Pascual M. , Vicente‐Martín F.J. , Fernández‐Álvarez J.G. , Martín‐López R. , Pinedo‐Moraleda F. , López‐Estebaranz J.L. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackground  Squamous cell carcinoma of the lip (SCCL) accounts for 90% of all tumours of the oral cavity. We present a series of 146 patients with SCCL studied in our hospital.Objective  To evaluate and identify the primary tumour parameters related to local and lymph node recurrence.Methods  We retrospectively analysed the clinical characteristics, surgical procedures and tumour recurrences of the 146 patients diagnosed with SCCL in Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón (Spain).Results  A total of 122 of the 146 patients (91.7%) showed tumour stage ≤T1N0M0 at diagnosis, and 11 (8.3%) showed stage >T1N0M0. Local recurrences were observed in 11 of the 146 patients (7.5%), and five patients (3.4%) developed lymph node metastases during follow‐up. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed an increased tumour size to imply a greater risk of local recurrence (P = 0.025). The probability of local recurrence over the 24 months of follow‐up was 1% for tumour stages ≤T1N0M0 and 20% for stages ≥T1N0M0. There appears to be a greater tendency towards local relapse in male patients, in smokers, patients living in rural areas, in lower lip tumours and in those patients showing infiltration at physical exploration. Eleven patients (8%) died during follow‐up, although in only two of them (18%), SCCL was the cause of death.Conclusion  The low tumour stage of our patients may explain the few local and lymph node disease recurrences seen in our study. We have shown tumour size to be directly related to the probability of local recurrence.