bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Examination of the Wrangel Island Sea Ice Thickness Dipole
Authors: Ross Spenser , Moore G. W. K. , Laidre Kristin L. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe Beaufort Sea High is a high‐pressure system located in the Beaufort Sea that influences ocean circulation in the western Arctic known as the Beaufort Gyre. Wrangel Island, located in the western Chukchi Sea, typically experiences easterly sea ice motion due to the Beaufort Gyre. We find that under these climatological conditions, moving ice is blocked by the island and accumulates on its eastern side, while ice on its western side continues to drift leaving an area of open water and reduced ice thickness along the western side of the island. This results in an ice thickness dipole across the island. A reversal in the atmospheric circulation across the western Arctic results in a dipole with the opposing sign. We find the dipole is present throughout the year and is strongest in January when the difference in ice thickness between the eastern and western sides of the island is approximately 1 m. During the spring, it is associated with the transient opening of a polynya to the west of the island. The dipole is the result of opposing ice divergence and convergence across the western Arctic and may impact ocean circulation and ecosystems within the Chukchi Sea.
Turbulence Over Camarinal Sill and Its Impact on Water Mixing—Strait of Gibraltar
Authors: Roustan Jean‐Baptiste , Bouruet‐Aubertot Pascale , Bordois Lucie , Cuypers Yannis , Carton Xavier , Dumas Franck , Auclair Francis 
Published: June 2024

AbstractStraits and narrows are the place of intensified turbulent mixing. Deep understanding of the turbulent dynamics at these locations is of crucial importance as it conditions the properties of the water masses flowing in the open ocean. A new extensive field experiment, PROTEVS GIB20, with high frequency measurements has been conducted in the Strait of Gibraltar. It allows us to infer dissipation rates of the turbulent kinetic energy, ϵ, from two consistent methods. The range of ϵ is depicted for the different processes which developed in the vicinity of Camarinal Sill, the main topographic feature of the Strait of Gibraltar. It evidences that the bottom boundary layer, hydraulic jumps and large overturns are the main loci of intensified turbulence reaching 10−3W.kg−1. The variability of the turbulence is mainly controlled by semi‐diurnal, diurnal and fortnightly tidal oscillations. Spatially, the western flank of Camarinal Sill is evidenced as the hotspot for turbulent mixing. We confirm a weak variation of the spatially averaged vertically integrated turbulent dissipation rate. This result needs to be qualified in view of the differentiated impact of the various processes on adjacent water masses. The dynamics of the spring tide directly mix Atlantic and Mediterranean waters, resulting in a large spreading of the T‐S diagram.
Extreme Planktic Foraminiferal Dwarfism Across the ETM2 in the Tethys Realm in Response to Warming
Authors: D’Onofrio R. , Barrett R. , Schmidt D. N. , Fornaciari E. , Giusberti L. , Frijia G. , Adatte T. , Sabatino N. , Monsuru A. , Brombin V. , Luciani V. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPronounced warming negatively impacts ecosystem resilience in modern oceans. To offer a long‐term geological perspective of the calcareous plankton response to global warming, we present an integrated record, from two Tethyan sections (northeastern Italy), of the planktic foraminiferal and calcareous nannofossil response to the Eocene Thermal Maximum 2 hyperthermal (ETM2, ∼54 Ma). Our study reveals pronounced changes in assemblage composition and a striking dwarfing of planktic foraminiferal tests of up to 40% during the event, impacting both surface and deeper dwellers. The increased abundance of small placoliths among calcareous nannofossils is interpreted as community size reduction. Literature and our foraminiferal size data from Sites 1263 and 1209 (Atlantic and Pacific Oceans) highlights that the pronounced dwarfism is restricted to the Tethyan area. The ETM2 is characterized by warm sea surface temperatures as indicated by our δ18O data, but this warming is of global extent and cannot explain the unique dwarfism. Excluding evolutionary modifications, other potential drivers of dwarfism (eutrophication, deoxygenation, metabolic adaptation) cannot explain the exceptional dwarfism by themselves. The smallest sizes are in close temporal association with peaks in volcanic derived Hg/Th‐Hg/Rb recorded just before and at the ETM2 which could not have been brought into our sections through weathering. In contrast, size reductions are absent below and above the ETM2 at Hg peaks where δ18O data do not show warm conditions. We speculate that the local input of toxic metals from submarine volcanic emissions could have acted synergistically to warming, causing the unique dwarfism.
Thank You to Our 2023 Reviewers
Authors: Parrish Julia , Schensul Jean , Beveridge Claire , Buchanan Paula , Gupta Shobhana , Haklay Muki , Pandya Rajul , Roop Heidi , Semmens Kate , Shukla Roopam 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe editors of the Community Science Exchange want to say a big thank you to the 29 reviewers for reviewing for Community Science in 2023. Peer‐review is essential to the process of doing and publishing scientific findings, and will be a pillar of our successful expansion of science by, with and for communities into mainstream science. Many papers start with an inquiry, allowing us to assist prospective authors in inclusion of community voice. These consultations also allow us to respect reviewers' time as we only send papers for review that meet our criteria.
Ray Tracing for Jupiter's Icy Moon Ionospheric Occultation of Jovian Auroral Radio Sources
Authors: Yasuda Rikuto , Kimura Tomoki , Misawa Hiroaki , Tsuchiya Fuminori , Cecconi Baptiste , Kasaba Yasumasa , Satoh Shinnosuke , Sakai Shotaro , Louis Corentin K. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe ionospheres of Jupiter's icy moons have been observed by in situ plasma measurements and radio science. However, their spatial structures have not yet been fully characterized. To address this, we developed a new ray tracing method for modeling the radio occultation of the ionospheres using Jovian auroral radio sources. Applying our method to Jovian auroral radio observations with the Galileo spacecraft, we derived the electron density of the ionosphere of Ganymede and Callisto. For Ganymede's ionosphere, we found that the maximum electron density on the surface was 76.5–288.5 cm−3 in the open magnetic field line regions and 5.0–20.5 cm−3 in the closed magnetic field line region during the Galileo Ganymede 01 flyby. The difference in the electron density distribution was correlated with the accessibility of Jovian magnetospheric plasma to the atmosphere and surface of the moons. These results indicated that electron‐impact ionization of the Ganymede exosphere and sputtering of the surface water ice were effective for the producing Ganymede's ionosphere. For Callisto's ionosphere, we found that the densities were approximately 350 and 12.5 cm−3 on the night side hemisphere during Callisto 09 and 30 flybys, respectively. These results combined with previous observations indicated that atmospheric production through sublimation controlled the ionospheric density of Callisto. This method is also applicable to upcoming Jovian radio observation data from the Jupiter Icy Moon Explorer, JUICE.
Development of an improved blood-stage malaria vaccine targeting the essential RH5-CyRPA-RIPR invasion complex
Authors: Williams Barnabas G. , King Lloyd D. W. , Pulido David , Quinkert Doris , Lias Amelia M. , Silk Sarah E. , Ragotte Robert J. , Davies Hannah , Barrett Jordan R. , McHugh Kirsty , Rigby Cassandra A. , Alanine Daniel G. W. , Barfod Lea , Shea Michael W. , Cowley Li An , Dabbs Rebecca A. , Pattinson David J. , Douglas Alexander D. , Lyth Oliver R. , Illingworth Joseph J. , Jin Jing , Carnrot Cecilia , Kotraiah Vinayaka , Christen Jayne M. , Noe Amy R. , MacGill Randall S. , King C. Richter , Birkett Ashley J. , Soisson Lorraine A. , Skinner Katherine , Miura Kazutoyo , Long Carole A. , Higgins Matthew K. , Draper Simon J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractReticulocyte-binding protein homologue 5 (RH5), a leading blood-stage Plasmodium falciparum malaria vaccine target, interacts with cysteine-rich protective antigen (CyRPA) and RH5-interacting protein (RIPR) to form an essential heterotrimeric “RCR-complex”. We investigate whether RCR-complex vaccination can improve upon RH5 alone. Using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) we show that parasite growth-inhibitory epitopes on each antigen are surface-exposed on the RCR-complex and that mAb pairs targeting different antigens can function additively or synergistically. However, immunisation of female rats with the RCR-complex fails to outperform RH5 alone due to immuno-dominance of RIPR coupled with inferior potency of anti-RIPR polyclonal IgG. We identify that all growth-inhibitory antibody epitopes of RIPR cluster within the C-terminal EGF-like domains and that a fusion of these domains to CyRPA, called “R78C”, combined with RH5, improves the level of in vitro parasite growth inhibition compared to RH5 alone. These preclinical data justify the advancement of the RH5.1 + R78C/Matrix-M™ vaccine candidate to Phase 1 clinical trial.
Parvalbumin-expressing basal forebrain neurons mediate learning from negative experience
Authors: Hegedüs Panna , Király Bálint , Schlingloff Dániel , Lyakhova Victoria , Velencei Anna , Szabó Írisz , Mayer Márton I. , Zelenak Zsofia , Nyiri Gábor , Hangya Balázs 
Published: June 2024

AbstractParvalbumin (PV)-expressing GABAergic neurons of the basal forebrain (BFPVNs) were proposed to serve as a rapid and transient arousal system, yet their exact role in awake behaviors remains unclear. We performed bulk calcium measurements and electrophysiology with optogenetic tagging from the horizontal limb of the diagonal band of Broca (HDB) while male mice were performing an associative learning task. BFPVNs responded with a distinctive, phasic activation to punishment, but showed slower and delayed responses to reward and outcome-predicting stimuli. Optogenetic inhibition during punishment impaired the formation of cue-outcome associations, suggesting a causal role of BFPVNs in associative learning. BFPVNs received strong inputs from the hypothalamus, the septal complex and the median raphe region, while they synapsed on diverse cell types in key limbic structures, where they broadcasted information about aversive stimuli. We propose that the arousing effect of BFPVNs is recruited by aversive stimuli to serve crucial associative learning functions.
Kriging-based surrogate data-enriching artificial neural network prediction of strength and permeability of permeable cement-stabilized base
Authors: Wang Xiaoming , Xiao Yuanjie , Li Wenqi , Wang Meng , Zhou Yanbin , Chen Yuliang , Li Zhiyong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLimited test data hinder the accurate prediction of mechanical strength and permeability of permeable cement-stabilized base materials (PCBM). Here we show a kriging-based surrogate model assisted artificial neural network (KS-ANN) framework that integrates laboratory testing, mathematical modeling, and machine learning. A statistical distribution model was established from limited test data to enrich the dataset through the combination of markov chain monte carlo simulation and kriging-based surrogate modeling. Subsequently, an artificial neural network (ANN) model was trained using the enriched dataset. The results demonstrate that the well-trained KS-ANN model effectively captures the actual data distribution characteristics. The accurate prediction of the mechanical strength and permeability of PCBM under the constraint of limited data validates the effectiveness of the proposed framework. As compared to traditional ANN models, the KS-ANN model improves the prediction accuracy of PCBM’s mechanical strength by 21%. Based on the accurate prediction of PCBM’s mechanical strength and permeability by the KS-ANN model, an optimization function was developed to determine the optimal cement content and compaction force range of PCBM, enabling it to concurrently satisfy the requirements of mechanical strength and permeability. This study provides a cost-effective and rapid solution for evaluating the performance and optimizing the design of PCBM and similar materials.
Nondiffracting supertoroidal pulses and optical “Kármán vortex streets”
Authors: Shen Yijie , Papasimakis Nikitas , Zheludev Nikolay I. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSupertoroidal light pulses, as space-time nonseparable electromagnetic waves, exhibit unique topological properties including skyrmionic configurations, fractal-like singularities, and energy backflow in free space, which however do not survive upon propagation. Here, we introduce the non-diffracting supertoroidal pulses (NDSTPs) with propagation-robust skyrmionic and vortex field configurations that persists over arbitrary propagation distances. Intriguingly, the field structure of NDSTPs has a similarity with the von Kármán vortex street, a pattern of swirling vortices in fluid and gas dynamics with staggered singularities that can stably propagate forward. NDSTPs will be of interest as directed channels for information and energy transfer applications.
Identifying critical features of iron phosphate particle for lithium preference
Authors: Yan Gangbin , Wei Jialiang , Apodaca Emory , Choi Suin , Eng Peter J. , Stubbs Joanne E. , Han Yu , Zou Siqi , Bera Mrinal K. , Wu Ronghui , Karapetrova Evguenia , Zhou Hua , Chen Wei , Liu Chong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOne-dimensional (1D) olivine iron phosphate (FePO4) is widely proposed for electrochemical lithium (Li) extraction from dilute water sources, however, significant variations in Li selectivity were observed for particles with different physical attributes. Understanding how particle features influence Li and sodium (Na) co-intercalation is crucial for system design and enhancing Li selectivity. Here, we investigate a series of FePO4 particles with various features and revealed the importance of harnessing kinetic and chemo-mechanical barrier difference between lithiation and sodiation to promote selectivity. The thermodynamic preference of FePO4 provides baseline of selectivity while the particle features are critical to induce different kinetic pathways and barriers, resulting in different Li to Na selectivity from 6.2 × 102 to 2.3 × 104. Importantly, we categorize the FePO4 particles into two groups based on their distinctly paired phase evolutions upon lithiation and sodiation, and generate quantitative correlation maps among Li preference, morphological features, and electrochemical properties. By selecting FePO4 particles with specific features, we demonstrate fast (636 mA/g) Li extraction from a high Li source (1: 100 Li to Na) with (96.6 ± 0.2)% purity, and high selectivity (2.3 × 104) from a low Li source (1: 1000 Li to Na) with (95.8 ± 0.3)% purity in a single step.
Easy-to-actuate multi-compatible truss structures with prescribed reconfiguration
Authors: Ai Lin , Yin Shukun , He Weixia , Zhang Peidong , Li Yang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMulti-stable structures attract great interest because they possess special energy landscapes with domains of attraction around the stable states. Consequently, multi-stable structures have the potential to achieve prescribed reconfiguration with only a few lightweight actuators (such as shape-memory alloy springs), and do not need constant actuation to be locked at a stable state. However, most existing multi-stability designs are based on assembling bi-stable unit cells, which contain multitudes of distractive stable states, diminishing the feasibility of reconfiguration actuation. Another type is by introducing prestress together with kinematic symmetry or nonlinearity to achieve multi-stability, but the resultant structure often suffers the lack of stiffness. To help address these challenges, we firstly introduce the constraints that a truss structure is simultaneously compatible at multiple (more than two) prescribed states. Then, we solve for the design of multi-stable truss structures, named multi-compatible structures in this paper, where redundant stable states are limited. Secondly, we explore minimum energy paths connecting the designed stable states, and compute for a simple and inaccurate pulling actuation guiding the structure to transform along the computed paths. Finally, we fabricated four prototypes to demonstrate that prescribed reconfigurations with easy-actuation have been achieved and applied a quadra-stable structure to the design of a variable stiffness gripper. Altogether, our full-cycle design approach contains multi-stability design, stiffness design, minimum-energy-path finding, and pulling actuation design, which highlights the potential for designing morphing structures with lightweight actuation for practical applications.
A YAP-centered mechanotransduction loop drives collective breast cancer cell invasion
Authors: Khalil Antoine A. , Smits Daan , Haughton Peter D. , Koorman Thijs , Jansen Karin A. , Verhagen Mathijs P. , van der Net Mirjam , van Zwieten Kitty , Enserink Lotte , Jansen Lisa , El-Gammal Abdelrahman G. , Visser Daan , Pasolli Milena , Tak Max , Westland Denise , van Diest Paul J. , Moelans Cathy B. , Roukens M. Guy , Tavares Sandra , Fortier Anne-Marie , Park Morag , Fodde Riccardo , Gloerich Martijn , Zwartkruis Fried. J. T. , Derksen Patrick WB. , de Rooij Johan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDense and aligned Collagen I fibers are associated with collective cancer invasion led by protrusive tumor cells, leader cells. In some breast tumors, a population of cancer cells (basal-like cells) maintain several epithelial characteristics and express the myoepithelial/basal cell marker Keratin 14 (K14). Emergence of leader cells and K14 expression are regarded as interconnected events triggered by Collagen I, however the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Using breast carcinoma organoids, we show that Collagen I drives a force-dependent loop, specifically in basal-like cancer cells. The feed-forward loop is centered around the mechanotransducer Yap and independent of K14 expression. Yap promotes a transcriptional program that enhances Collagen I alignment and tension, which further activates Yap. Active Yap is detected in invading breast cancer cells in patients and required for collective invasion in 3D Collagen I and in the mammary fat pad of mice. Our work uncovers an essential function for Yap in leader cell selection during collective cancer invasion.
ASXLs binding to the PHD2/3 fingers of MLL4 provides a mechanism for the recruitment of BAP1 to active enhancers
Authors: Zhang Yi , Xie Guojia , Lee Ji-Eun , Zandian Mohamad , Sudarshan Deepthi , Estavoyer Benjamin , Benz Caroline , Viita Tiina , Asgaritarghi Golareh , Lachance Catherine , Messmer Clémence , Simonetti Leandro , Sinha Vikrant Kumar , Lambert Jean-Philippe , Chen Yu-Wen , Wang Shu-Ping , Ivarsson Ylva , Affar El Bachir , Côté Jacques , Ge Kai , Kutateladze Tatiana G. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe human methyltransferase and transcriptional coactivator MLL4 and its paralog MLL3 are frequently mutated in cancer. MLL4 and MLL3 monomethylate histone H3K4 and contain a set of uncharacterized PHD fingers. Here, we report a novel function of the PHD2 and PHD3 (PHD2/3) fingers of MLL4 and MLL3 that bind to ASXL2, a component of the Polycomb repressive H2AK119 deubiquitinase (PR-DUB) complex. The structure of MLL4 PHD2/3 in complex with the MLL-binding helix (MBH) of ASXL2 and mutational analyses reveal the molecular mechanism which is conserved in homologous ASXL1 and ASXL3. The native interaction of the Trithorax MLL3/4 complexes with the PR-DUB complex in vivo depends solely on MBH of ASXL1/2, coupling the two histone modifying activities. ChIP-seq analysis in embryonic stem cells demonstrates that MBH of ASXL1/2 is required for the deubiquitinase BAP1 recruitment to MLL4-bound active enhancers. Our findings suggest an ASXL1/2-dependent functional link between the MLL3/4 and PR-DUB complexes.
Realization of 2D multiferroic with strong magnetoelectric coupling by intercalation: a first-principles high-throughput prediction
Authors: Zhao Ying , Wang Yanxia , Yang Yue , Zhao Jijun , Jiang Xue 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe discovery of novel two-dimensional (2D) multiferroic materials is attractive due to their potential for the realization of information storage and logic devices. Although many approaches have been explored to simultaneously introduce ferromagnetic (FM) and ferroelectric (FE) orders into a 2D material, the resulting systems are often plagued by weak magnetoelectric (ME) coupling or limited room-temperature stability. Here, we present a superlattice strategy to construct non-centrosymmetric AM2X4 multiferroic monolayers, i.e., intercalating transition metal ions (A) into the tetragonal-like vacancies of transition metal dichalcogenide bilayers (MX2). Starting from 960 intercalated AM2X4 compounds, our high-throughput calculations have identified 21 multiferroics with robust magnetic order, large FE polarization, low transition barrier, high FE/FM transition temperature, and strong ME coupling. According to the origin of magnetism, we have classified them into twelve type-a, seven type-b, and two type-c multiferroics, which exhibit different ME coupling behavior. During the switching of polarization, the reversal of skyrmions chirality, the transition of the magnetic ground state from FM to antiferromagnetic, and the changes in spin-polarized electron distribution were observed in type-a, type-b, and type-c 2D multiferroic materials, respectively. These results substantially expand the family of 2D ferroic materials and pave an avenue for designing and implementing nonvolatile logic and memory devices.