bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of a Bioactive Coating on Resorbable, Neodymium Containing Magnesium Alloys, and Analyses of their Effects on the In Vitro Degradation Behavior in a Simulated Body Fluid
Authors: Seitz Jan‐Marten , Bormann Ulrike , Collier Kelly , Wulf Eric , Eifler Rainer , Bach Friedrich Wilhelm 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWhilst bioactive coatings are commonly used as layers for non‐resorbable implant materials, such as titanium or steel to improve cell adhesion, this study investigates the application of bioactive SiO2–CaO–P2O5 on resorbable magnesium alloys (Nd2 and LANd442). The bioactive coating was applied to the magnesium alloys by a dip‐coating process, where a parameter set of 20 immersions and a 10 s drying time between each immersion generated a reproducible layer with regard to its thickness and homogeneity. In vitro mass loss, strength loss, and pH value measurements were used to determine the coating's effects on the degradation behavior in a simulated body fluid. Here, it could be observed that bioactive layers on magnesium alloys lead to an increased degradation in comparison to specimens in the uncoated states. In addition to this, pitting corrosion was determined for bioactive coated magnesium samples during comparatively early periods of the investigation. Due to the decreased corrosion resistance and induced pitting corrosion of bioactive coated magnesium alloys, it is suggested that one carefully tests if the enhanced cell adhesion, which occurs with bioactive coatings, warrants the increased degradation of magnesium based implant materials.
Reversible Switch Memory Effect in Hydrogen‐Terminated Ultrananocrystalline Diamond
Authors: Tordjman Moshe , Bolker Asaf , Saguy Cecile , Baskin Emanuel , Bruno Paola , Gruen Dieter M. , Kalish Rafi 
Published: February 2012

AbstractInnovative memory switch devices require reliable bistable conductance properties. It would be desirable if such bistable characteristics were available in robust solid state materials, such as diamond, which benefit from outstanding physical properties. A bistable current with reversible switching effect from surface transfer doped ultrananocrystalline diamond thin films measured by electron field emission is reported. This switching is manifested by the appearance of huge jumps in the current emission, up to four orders of magnitude, that occur at specific extracting electric field values. Persistent hysteresis is exhibited whenever the field is ramped down. It is proposed that these phenomena are the result of resonant‐tunneling through a double barrier junction composed of tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta‐C)/nanodiamond/adsorbent/vacuum. This finding may pave the way for the realization of novel types of memory switch devices with unprecedented performance.
Preparation and characterization of a series of novel EuIII‐complex‐polyurethane acrylate materials based on mixed 6‐hydroxy‐1‐naphthoate and 1,10‐phenanthroline ligands
Authors: Fang Shao‐Ming , Wang Cong , Hu Min , Wang Pei‐Yuan , Zhou Li‐Ming , Gao Li‐Jun , Liu Chun‐Sen 
Published: February 2012

AbstractHydroxyl groups in the coordination complex {[Eu(L)3(phen)]·H2O}2 (L = 6‐hydroxy‐1‐naphthoate and phen = 1,10‐phenanthroline) were used to react with NCO functional groups of isophorone diisocyanate in the presence of dibutyltin dilaurate. A series of new luminescent EuIII‐complex‐polyurethane acrylate materials, poly(EuIII‐complex‐polyurethane methacrylate (PUA complex)), were prepared through in situ polymerization of polyurethane acrylate macromonomers and the resulting material was characterized by X‐ray diffraction, IR spectra, thermogravimetry analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The result indicates that both EuIII complex and PUA complex can emit characteristic fluorescence of EuIII ion. Moreover, the emission intensity was enhanced under the same experiment condition when the content of EuIII complex in the PUA complex was increased. In addition, we have not found the fluorescence quenching in this work even the content of EuIII complex was increased to 5 wt %. Such rare‐earth complex‐polyurethane acrylate hybrid materials are suitable for the photoluminescent applications. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Was heißt “lebendig”?
Authors: Penzlin Heinz 
Published: February 2012

Abstract“Leben” heißt “Lebendigsein” von bestimmten Wesenheiten, die wir kurz als “Lebe‐Wesen” bezeichnen. Physikalisch gesehen sind Lebewesen offene Systeme, da sie einen intensiven Stoff‐ und Energieaustausch mit ihrer Umgebung unterhalten. Sie erhalten einen quasi‐stationären Zustand fernab vom thermodynamischen Gleichgewicht aktiv, d. h. unter Energieeinsatz, und selbsttätig gegen die ständig gegenwärtigen Kräfte des Verfalls aufrecht. Dieser dynamische Zustand der Lebewesen unterscheidet sich von allem, was wir in der anorganischen Natur vorfinden, indem er eine interne funktionelle Ordnung oder “Organisation” repräsentiert. Die mit ihm verbundenen Vorgänge sind so aufeinander abgestimmt und ausgerichtet, dass sie in ihrer Gesamtheit den Zusammenbruch des lebendigen Zustandes autonom verhindern. Das erfordert nicht nur einen intensiven Energie‐ und Stoffumsatz, sondern auch einen intensiven Informationstransfer. Organismen sind durch ihren Besitz an Nukleinsäuren als Speicher und Quelle spezifischer Informationen, die ihnen erlauben, ihre interne Organisation über die Zeit selbsttätig aufrecht zu erhalten, einzigartig in der Natur. Sie und nur sie sind im wahren Sinne des Wortes “selbst‐organisierend”.
Konvergente Evolution der Beutefangmechanismen bei Meeresquallen und Schwarmfischen
Authors: Kutschera Ulrich 
Published: February 2012

AbstractEntfernt verwandte Arten, die im selben Habitat leben, können im Verlauf der Stammesentwicklung ähnliche Körpermerkmale herausbilden. So sind beispielsweise die Flügel von Insekten, Vögeln und Fledermäusen die Resultate einer derartigen konvergenten Evolution. Nun wurde auch ein Beispiel für die Konvergenz eines physiologischen Merkmals entdeckt: Quallen und Schwarmfische erbeuten Kleinstlebewesen trotz unterschiedlicher Mechanismen mit gleicher Rate und Aufwand an Stoffwechselenergie.
Lynn Margulis: Symbiogenesis‐Theorie und Anti‐Darwinismus
Authors: Kutschera Ulrich 
Published: February 2012

AbstractDie Tatsache, dass kernhaltige Zellen (Eucyten) zu Organellen reduzierte Bakterien enthalten – wie beispielsweise Mitochondrien und Chloroplasten – und somit durch Kooperation und Integration entstanden sind, wurde von der Biologin Lynn Margulis mit entdeckt. Die Symbiogenese war ein Schlüsselereignis in der organismischen Evolution. Doch nicht alle Konzepte der Evolutionsbiologin Lynn Margulis sind so unumstritten, wie es die Endosymbiontentheorie heute ist – einige ihrer Gedanken werden ausgesprochen kontrovers diskutiert.
Validation of Submodels for CFD Simulation of n‐Hexane Pool Flames including Interferometry
Authors: Schälike Stefan , Wehrstedt Klaus‐Dieter , Gawlowski Markus , Schönbucher Axel 
Published: February 2012

AbstractComputational fluid dynamics simulation is used to predict transient and time‐averaged flame temperatures and species concentrations of an n‐hexane pool flame. Employing a combination of an assumed probability density function approach with laminar flamelets using detailed kinetic data and large eddy simulation with Smagorinsky submodel is shown to be a promising way in modeling pool and tank fires. The measured species concentration and flame temperature profiles from gas chromatography, thermocouple measurements and holographic interferometry are used to validate the submodels for CFD simulation of pool flames.
Reconstruction of cell lineage and spatiotemporal pattern formation of the mesoderm in the amphipod crustacean Orchestia cavimana
Authors: Hunnekuhl Vera S. , Wolff Carsten 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackground: Cell lineage studies in amphipods have revealed an early restriction of blastomere fate. The mesendodermal cell lineage is specified with the third cleavage of the egg. We took advantage of this stereotyped mode of development by fluorescently labeling the mesodermal precursors in embryos of Orchestia cavimana and followed the morphogenesis of the mesodermal cell layer through embryonic development. Results: The mesoderm of the trunk segments is formed by a very regular and stereotypic cell division pattern of the mesoteloblasts and their segmental daughters. The head mesoderm in contrast is generated by cell movements and divisions out of a mesendodermal cell mass. Our reconstructions reveal the presence of three different domains within the trunk mesoderm of the later embryo. We distinguish a cell group median to the limbs, a major central population from which the limb mesoderm arises and a dorsolateral branch of mesodermal cells. Conclusions: Our detailed description of mesodermal development relates different precursor cell groups to distinct muscle groups of the embryo. A dorsoventral subdivision of mesoderm is prepatterned within the longitudinal mesodermal columns of the germ‐band stage. This makes amphipods excellent crustacean models for studying mesodermal differentiation on a cellular and molecular level. Developmental Dynamics 241:697–717, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
FoxO1 is required in endothelial but not myocardial cell lineages during cardiovascular development
Authors: Sengupta Arunima , Chakraborty Santanu , Paik Jihye , Yutzey Katherine E. , Evans‐Anderson Heather J. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackground: The forkhead transcription factor FoxO1 is involved in cell cycle regulation during cardiovascular development. Systemic loss of FoxO1 results in lethality at embryonic day 10.5 with severe cardiovascular defects; however, the cell‐type‐specific requirements for FoxO1 in cardiovascular development are unknown. Here we examine the role of FoxO1 using a conditional loss of function approach. Results: Loss of FoxO1 in differentiated cardiac myocytes has no apparent effect on cardiovascular development. In contrast, endothelial‐specific FoxO1 deficiency in Tie2Cre;FoxO1fl/fl embryos results in lethality at E10.5, which recapitulates the FoxO1‐null phenotype. Tie2Cre;FoxO1fl/fl embryos have an intact differentiated endothelium, but display defective remodeling of vasculature. Additional effects on heart development include reduced myocardial trabeculation, which is likely secondary to the endothelial abnormalities, and hypoplasia of endocardial cushions. Conclusions: The phenotype of Tie2Cre;FoxO1fl/fl mutant embryos demonstrates that FoxO1 is required specifically in endothelial cells to regulate formation of the heart and vasculature during development. Developmental Dynamics 241:803–813, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reversal of diabetes by βTC3 cells encapsulated in alginate beads generated by emulsion and internal gelation
Authors: Hoesli Corinne A. , Kiang Roger L. J. , Mocinecová Dušana , Speck Madeleine , Mošková Daniela Jochec , Donald‐Hague Christine , Lacík Igor , Kieffer Timothy J. , Piret James M. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractEncapsulation of insulin‐producing cells in alginate beads could improve the treatment of type 1 diabetes by reducing or eliminating the need for immunosuppression. We have recently adapted an emulsion and internal gelation process to β‐cell encapsulation. This process has the advantages of being well suited for m3/h production rates and allowing the use of increased alginate concentrations. Compared with 1.5% alginate beads generated by a standard extrusion process, 5% alginate emulsion‐generated beads demonstrated greater in vitro stability and greater volumetric exclusion of antibody‐sized pullulan. When βTC3 cells were transplanted into streptozotocin‐induced allogeneic diabetic mice, a significant decrease in the blood glucose levels was seen within 2 days with the 5% emulsion‐generated beads but not until >16 days with the 1.5% extrusion‐generated beads. This was correlated with higher cell survival and lower graft‐specific plasma immunoglobulin levels. These results suggest that higher‐concentration alginate beads generated by emulsion and internal gelation have improved graft immunoprotection. The emulsion process is a promising and scalable technology for cellular therapies requiring immune isolation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.
Prescription for innovation at Holy Family Memorial: Make big progress by thinking small
Authors: Novicoff Wendy M. , McMeans Scott 
Published: February 2012

AbstractFacing the challenges of an industry undergoing reform, Holy Family Memorial, a health‐care network based in Manitowoc, Wisconsin, focused its improvement efforts on a series of small‐scale projects to address issues ranging from patient care and support to paperwork. By involving all stakeholders in decision making and shaping the organizational culture in the process, it has managed to adhere to the principles of its faith‐based mission while ensuring patient safety, enhancing customer service, facilitating organizational communications, and gaining a net marginal change exceeding $17 million over the last three years. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Finite element simulations of the behavior of piled‐raft foundations using a multiphase model
Authors: Bourgeois Emmanuel , Hassen Ghazi , de Buhan Patrick 
Published: February 2012

SUMMARYFinite element simulations of the behavior of a piled raft foundation have been carried out using a multiphase model conceived as an improved homogenization approach. According to this model, the ground reinforced by a group of piles is treated as a homogeneous continuous medium. In this approach, no specific interface elements are necessary to account for the mechanical interaction between the piles and the ground: this interaction is described by means of two scalar parameters, one stiffness parameter and one which can easily be derived from the maximum ground‐pile friction. The implementation of the model into a finite element code provides an efficient tool for the analysis of the influence of the pile number or length on the settlement and bearing capacity of a square piled raft foundation and of the way the total applied load is shared between the raft and the piles. Results are compared with a standard 3D finite element analysis. The comparison highlights the fact that the proposed approach remains to be improved to account for tip resistance. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Styrene–vinyl pyridine diblock copolymers: Synthesis by RAFT polymerization and self‐assembly in solution and in the bulk
Authors: Zamfir Mirela , Patrickios Costas S. , Montagne Franck , Abetz Clarissa , Abetz Volker , Oss‐Ronen Liat , Talmon Yeshayahu 
Published: February 2012

AbstractReversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization along with benzyl dithiobenzoate chain transfer agent was employed for the controlled preparation of four diblock copolymers of styrene (St, less polar monomer) and 2‐ or 4‐vinyl pyridine (2VP or 4VP, more polar monomers): St161‐b‐2VP48, St161‐b‐2VP121, St161‐b‐4VP76, and St161‐b‐4VP107, where the subscripts indicate the experimentally determined degrees of polymerization for each block. These diblock copolymers and their common St homopolymer precursor were characterized in terms of their molecular weights and compositions using gel permeation chromatography and 1H NMR spectroscopy, respectively. All four diblock copolymers self‐assembled in dilute toluene solutions to form reverse spherical micelles, which were characterized using atomic force microscopy and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. Both microscopy techniques revealed that the 4VP‐bearing diblock copolymers formed larger micelles than the 2VP‐bearing ones, a result of the greater 4VP‐toluene incompatibility as compared to the 2VP‐toluene one. Finally, films cast from chloroform solutions of the diblocks were investigated in terms of their bulk morphologies using transmission electron microscopy. While the 2VP‐containing block copolymer self‐assembled into a spherical morphology, the 4VP‐containing one with comparable composition and molecular weight formed a cylindrical structure, manifesting the greater 4VP‐St incompatibility as compared to that of the 2VP‐St pair. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Nasal versus oronasal raised volume forced expirations in infants—A real physiologic challenge
Authors: Morris Mohy G. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractRaised volume rapid thoracoabdominal compression (RTC) generates forced expiration (FE) in infants typically from an airway opening pressure of 30 cm H2O (V30). We hypothesized that the higher nasal than pulmonary airway resistance limits forced expiratory flows (FEF%) during (nasal) FEn, which an opened mouth, (oronasal) FEo, would resolve. Measurements were performed during a brief post‐hyperventilation apnea on 12 healthy infants aged 6.9–104 weeks. In two infants, forced expiratory (FEFV) flow volume (FV) curves were generated using a facemask that covered the nose and a closed mouth, then again with a larger mask with the mouth opened. In other infants (n = 10), the mouth closed spontaneously during FE. Oronasal passive expiration from V30 generated either the inspiratory capacity (IC) or by activating RTC before end‐expiration, the slow vital capacity (jSVC). Peak flow (PF), FEF25, FEF50, FEF25‐75, FEV0.4, and FEV0.5 were lower via FEn than FEo (P < 0.05), but the ratio of expired volume at PF and forced vital capacity (FVC) as percent was higher (P < 0.05). FEF75, FEF85, FEF90, FVC as well as the applied jacket pressures were not different (P > 0.05). FEFV curves generated via FEo exhibited higher PF than FV curves of IC (P < 0.05); PF of those produced via FEn were not different from FV curves of IC (P > 0.05) but lower than those of jSVC (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the higher nasal than pulmonary airways resistance unequivocally affects the FEFV curves by consistently reducing PF and decreases mid‐expiratory flows. A monitored slightly opened mouth and a gentle anterior jaw thrust are physiologically integral for raised volume RTC in order to maximize the oral and minimize nasal airways contribution to FE so that flow limitation would be in the pulmonary not nasal airways. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012. 47:780–794. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intrathoracic airway obstruction and gastroesophageal reflux: A canine model
Authors: Bhatia R. , Pagala M. , Vaynblat M. , Marcus M. , Kazachkov M. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIntroductionGastroesophageal reflux (GER) is common in children with airway disorders. Previous studies have shown an association between upper airway obstruction and GER in experimental animal models. However, the cause and effect relationship between intrathoracic airway obstruction (IAO) and GER is obscure. The goal of this study is to investigate the association between IAO and GER using the canine model.MethodsIn sedated dogs, a telemetric implant was placed subcutaneously (with one pressure sensor tip each in intrapleural space and abdomen) to monitor intrapleural pressure (IPP) and intrabdominal pressure (IAP). The IPP and the IAP were monitored intraoperatively and in conscious dogs on the 7th to 10th postoperative days. GER was assessed by determining the reflux index (RI), based on the intraesophageal pH recording performed continuously for a 24 hr period using a pH probe. After 2–3 weeks following placement of the telemetric implant, IAO was surgically created in the dog. After maintaining IAO for 2 weeks, the IPP, IAP, and pH measurements were monitored again following the same protocol as before IAO.ResultsAfter the creation of IAO, there was no significant change observed in the mean RI either in the distal (P = 0.716) or proximal (P = 0.962) esophageal lumens. The IPP became significantly more negative (P = 0.006) and the IAP turned significantly negative (P < 0.001) from being positive compared to the respective values before IAO. However, transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) did not change significantly (P = 0.08).ConclusionWe conclude that moderate IAO does not cause GER in our animal model. It can be explained by the absence of significant change in Pdi after creation of IAO. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012. 47:1097–1102. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Continuous integrated distal capnography in infants ventilated with high frequency ventilation
Authors: Kugelman Amir , Riskin Arieh , Shoris Irit , Ronen Michal , Stein Iris Shalev , Bader David 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo assess within a feasibility study the correlation, agreement, and trending of continuous integrated distal capnography (dCap) with PaCO2 in infants on HFV.Study designSixteen premature infants [median (range) gestational age: 26.5 (24.7–34.7) weeks], ventilated with HFV (mean ± SD airway pressure: 8.1 ± 2.1 cmH2O, FiO2: 0.39 ± 0.21) for RDS, intubated with a double‐lumen endotracheal‐tube and whose data were recorded on a bedside computer participated in the study. Side‐stream dCap was measured via the extra‐port of a double‐lumen endotracheal‐tube by a Microstream capnograph, with a specially designed software for HFV and compared with simultaneous PaCO2. Integrated time‐window analysis of the data was performed retrospectively on data collected prospectively.ResultsAnalysis included 195 measurements. The correlation of dCap with PaCO2 (r = 0.68, P < 0.0001) and the agreement (bias ± precision: −2.0 ± 10.7 mmHg) were adequate. Area under the ROC curves for dCap to detect high (>60 mmHg) or low (<35 mmHg) PaCO2 was 0.79 (CI: 0.70–0.89) and 0.87 (CI: 0.73–1.00), respectively; P < 0.0001. Changes in dCap and in PaCO2 for consecutive measurements within each patient were adequately correlated (r = 0.65, P < 0.0001).ConclusionsContinuous integrated dCap is feasible in premature infants ventilated with HFV and can be helpful for trends and alarm for unsafe levels of PaCO2. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012. 47:876–883. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Strain relaxation in thick ($1{\bar {1}}01$) InGaN grown on GaN/Si substrate
Authors: Tanikawa Tomoyuki , Honda Yoshio , Yamaguchi Masahito , Amano Hiroshi , Sawaki Nobuhiko 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWe demonstrated the growth of thick InGaN on ($1{\bar {1}}01$) GaN/Si. The InGaN layer showed a marked inclination along the 〈0001〉 projection direction. The InGaN with a higher indium composition showed a larger inclination. Owing to the lattice mismatch between InGaN and GaN, misfit dislocations and/or stacking faults are generated from the heterointerface, which resulted in a larger inclination. As the indium content increased, inclining was observed in the early stage of InGaN growth. After InGaN was substantially relaxed, the crystallinity was saturated or improved. The surface morphology also became roughened because of the strain relaxation to form triangular grains, and then recovered following the coalescence.