bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consumer perceptions of ambiguous price promotions: scratch and save promotions versus tensile price claims
Authors: Choi Sungchul , Ge Xin , Messinger Paul R. 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine how consumers respond differently to “scratch and save (SAS)” promotions versus “tensile price claims (TPC).” SAS promotions provide a possible discount (determined probabilistically) but conceal the exact amount until purchase. Tensile price claims (e.g. “up to 25 percent off on items marked with a red tag”) make imprecise price promotional claims. In addition to making indefinite price claims, SAS promotions (e.g. scratch and save up to 25 percent off) include gambling elements; the exact discount is determined randomly for individual consumers by a scratch‐off card.Design/methodology/approachTwo experimental studies are conducted.FindingsEvidence from two experiments indicates that consumers perceive SAS promotions to be more ambiguous than tensile price claims. In addition, the results demonstrate consumer uncertainty towards SAS promotions but also consumer willingness to gamble: deep discount SAS promotions are perceived as more attractive than limited‐scope tensile price claims.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest that consumers perceive SAS offers more enticing than limited tensile price claims as the proposed discount increases. Furthermore, establishing a minimum savings offer could be used to encourage consumers to shop at retailers offering SAS promotions.Originality/valueLimited work has focused on examining how consumers respond to SAS promotions because SAS promotions are a relatively new store‐level promotional tool. Furthermore, no research effort has been extended to directly compare consumers' perceptions of SAS promotions with tensile price claims.
Enhancing entrepreneurial marketing education: the student perspective
Authors: Peltier James W. , Scovotti Carol 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThis paper aims to report the findings of a large‐scale multinational study of students in a marketing organization that investigates the need to expand entrepreneurship education in the marketing curriculum. Key questions include what is the entrepreneurial mindset of students interested in marketing, what do they think they need to know, should they some day decide to pursue entrepreneurial opportunities, and how satisfied are they with their current exposure to entrepreneurial marketing experiences?Design/methodology/approachVia e‐mail, a major international collegiate marketing association headquartered in the USA sent the online questionnaire to a random sample of 4,300 students. Content areas included entrepreneurial mindset, desired entrepreneurial marketing learning and experiential activities, and demographics. A total of 605 students participated in the study.FindingsThe findings show that there is a large segment of marketing students who desire to be an entrepreneur and feel strongly about entrepreneurial education. Exposure to entrepreneurial marketing tools, experiential learning activities, and networking opportunities were deemed to be especially important.Research limitations/implicationsThe study focused on students in marketing organizations. Additional research is needed at the course level.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest that entrepreneurial marketing education is needed in the business curriculum. Training in entrepreneurial marketing will better prepare students interested in being an entrepreneur or small business owner.Originality/valueEntrepreneurial marketing has received little attention in the business education literature. The study is the first of its kind to study entrepreneurial marketing curriculum needs from the perspective of students in a nearly 11,000 strong international marketing organization.
Entrepreneurial intentions among students: towards a re‐focused research agenda
Authors: Nabi Ghulam , Holden Rick , Walmsley Andreas 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThis paper aims to address the need for a re‐focused research agenda in relation to graduate entrepreneurship. An important theme for some years has been the effort to monitor attitudes and intentions of students towards starting up their own businesses. It is timely, however, to raise some questions about both the impact of this research and likewise the general approach it has taken in understanding the phenomenon of graduate entrepreneurship.Design/methodology/approachThe paper draws on a large data set (over 8,000 students) from one UK region. Specifically, it presents data from the 2007/2008 Entrepreneurial Intentions (EI) survey within the Yorkshire and Humberside region and reflects back over previous iterations of this research.FindingsThe paper identifies three key outcomes. First, it establishes that across all years of the survey a substantial minority of students consistently hold relatively strong start‐up intentions. Second, the paper highlights that, despite considerable efforts to increase the numbers moving to start‐up, little impact is discernible. Third, the paper suggests that, although the EI survey is useful as a stock‐taking exercise, it fails to address critical questions around the impact of higher education on entrepreneurship and the transition from entrepreneurial intent to the act of venture creation.Originality/valueThe paper provides an important positioning perspective on the relationship between higher education and graduate entrepreneurship. While highlighting the importance of the EI research, the paper establishes the need for a re‐focused research agenda; one that is conceptually robust and with a focus on the student journey from higher education to graduate entrepreneur.
Entrepreneurship education and students' internet entrepreneurship intentions
Authors: Millman Cindy , Li Zhengwei , Matlay Harry , Wong Wang‐chan 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to examine factors that motivate Chinese students' attitudes and perceptions relating to their internet entrepreneurship intentions (IEIs).Design/methodology/approachThis paper is based on the results of a survey of students studying at three universities in China. It explores gender, household incomes, study disciplines, online activities as well as other factors that might influence their internet entrepreneurship intentions.FindingsIt emerges that demographic factors such as gender, household incomes and student status are positively related to their IEIs. The disciplines that a student studies, information and communication technology (ICT) courses and online shopping experiences significantly impact on their IEIs.Practical implicationsThe results of this research study provide empirically rigorous evidence for understanding the reasons why some students in Chinese HEIs are more likely than others to become internet entrepreneurs.Originality/valueAlthough the survey focuses on respondents studying in Chinese HEIs, the results of this research study could prove useful for entrepreneurship educators in industrially developed and developing countries.
Universities and enterprise education: responding to the challenges of the new era
Authors: Rae David 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to suggest that the international financial and economic crisis in 2008 produced a new economic era with significant implications for enterprise and entrepreneurship education. It aims to explore the changing influences on entrepreneurship education and learning, what is the new era in entrepreneurship, the consequences of changing economic, social and cultural movements, and how entrepreneurship education and learning can respond to these challenges.Design/methodology/approachThe research approach is informed by practitioner‐based educational enquiry, reflective practice and research, education and participation with groups of universities, educators, students, entrepreneurs and other groups during the economic crisis.FindingsThe paper proposes that the nature of entrepreneurship is changing in response to social and cultural movements in the new economic era. Ethical and environmental concerns are creating a discourse of responsible entrepreneurship informed by social entrepreneurship. The paper conceptualises this as the shift from an “old” to a “new” entrepreneurship.Practical implicationsImplications for the future development of enterprise and entrepreneurial education are presented, referring to the factors shaping change, including the social and economic context, learners, learning and teaching, and institutional change.Originality/valueThe paper presents new thinking on the future challenges and directions for entrepreneurship and related education in the context of fundamental economic change.
Robustness of capital flows into the European commercial property markets during the global financial crisis
Authors: Newell Graeme , Adair Alastair , McGreal Stanley 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assess the robustness of capital flows into European commercial property markets during the global financial crisis (GFC) – over 2007‐2008; particularly highlighting differences between the developed and developing European markets.Design/methodology/approachUsing the Real Capital Analytics database of over 49,000 commercial property transactions valued at over $1.5 trillion in 2007‐2008, the robustness of capital flows into the European commercial property markets is assessed during the GFC. The impact of the GFC on capital flows is assessed in both a regional context and global context, as well as between the developed and developing markets in Europe.FindingsThis paper assesses the robustness of the capital flows into the commercial property markets in Europe over 2007‐2008. Clear differences emerge regarding the relative impact in Europe in a regional and global context, as well as between the developed and developing European markets. The results highlight the robustness, stature and significant relative contribution of capital flows into the European commercial property markets across a range of property investment characteristics during the GFC.Practical implicationsGiven the importance of commercial property as an asset class for institutional investors, this paper assesses the robustness of capital flows into the commercial property markets in Europe. By embedding this in a regional and global context, the robustness, stature, relative impact and significant contribution by European commercial property markets in the uncertainty and volatility of the environment of the global financial crisis is articulated for global property investors. Clear differences between the developed and developing markets in Europe are identified.Originality/valueUsing over 49,000 commercial property transactions, this paper is the first attempt to rigorously and empirically assess the robustness of capital flows into global commercial property markets, with a specific focus on the European commercial property markets during this unique international event of the GFC. Given the significance of commercial property as an institutional asset class, this empirically validated research enables a more informed and critical understanding of the impact of the GFC on capital flows into the commercial property markets in Europe, as well as identifying global property investor considerations regarding the ongoing significance for capital flows in their commercial property investment strategies in Europe and globally.
A second gradient elasto‐plastic model for fatigue of small‐scale metal components
Authors: Stamoulis K. , Giannakopoulos A.E. 
Published: November 2010

PurposeAs the dimensions of structures are scaled down to the micro‐ and nano‐domains, the mechanical behavior becomes size dependent and thus, the classical elasticity solutions cannot be expected to hold. In particular, recent experimental investigations of fatigue strength of metals show pronounced strengthening due to the influences of both grain size and small geometrical dimensions. This paper aims to provide a simple, yet rigorous analytical model in order to address the aforementioned size effects.Design/methodology/approachThe present study employs a framework based on the type II, strain gradient elasticity theory by Mindlin, embedded into a thermodynamics‐based formulation which considers both mechanical behavior parameters and material lengths, as internal variables, in order to model metal fatigue.FindingsA thermodynamics‐based, second gradient elasto‐plastic formulation with an explicit material length, which captures the size effects in fatigue of small‐scale metal components, has been established. From a physical viewpoint, the evolution of the internal length in the constitutive equations with the evolution of the intrinsic wavelength (e.g. persistent slip bands spacing) can be identified signifying the splitting of the grains into sub‐regions and consequently, the softening of the material.Originality/valueThe major novelty of the proposed modeling is that the internal characteristic length considered is not a fixed parameter, but evolves with the plastic effective strain amplitude obtained from cyclic loading.
Effect of delamination on the nonlinear transient response of composite shells in hygrothermal environments
Authors: Nanda Namita , Sahu S.K. , Bandyopadhyay J.N. 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the nonlinear forced vibration response of delaminated composite shells in hygrothermal environments.Design/methodology/approachFinite element method using an eight‐noded C0 continuity, isoparametric quadrilateral element is employed. The theoretical formulations are based on the first‐order shear deformation theory and von Kármán type nonlinear kinematics. For modeling the delamination, multipoint constraint algorithm is incorporated in the finite element code.FindingsThe paper finds that the effect of presence of delaminations on the nonlinear transient response of composite shells is dependent not only on the size, but also on the location of the delaminations and the hygrothermal environments.Research limitations/implicationsThe present study is limited to cylindrical and spherical shells having rectangular planform containing single delamination. Studies on different shell forms having non‐rectangular planforms containing multiple delaminations can be taken up for future research.Originality/valueThe value in this paper lies in that nonlinear transient response of delaminated shells in hygrothermal environments is studied for the first time. It will assist researchers of nonlinear dynamic behavior of elastic systems.
Optimizing search strategies for invasive pests: learn before you leap
Authors: Baxter Peter W.J. , Possingham Hugh P. 
Published: November 2010

Summary1. Strategic searching for invasive pests presents a formidable challenge for conservation managers. Limited funding can necessitate choosing between surveying many sites cursorily, or focussing intensively on fewer sites. While existing knowledge may help to target more likely sites, e.g. with species distribution models (maps), this knowledge is not flawless and improving it also requires management investment.2. In a rare example of trading‐off action against knowledge gain, we combine search coverage and accuracy, and its future improvement, within a single optimisation framework. More specifically we examine under which circumstances managers should adopt one of two search‐and‐control strategies (cursory or focussed), and when they should divert funding to improving knowledge, making better predictive maps that benefit future searches.3. We use a family of Receiver Operating Characteristic curves to reflect the quality of maps that direct search efforts. We demonstrate our framework by linking these to a logistic model of invasive spread such as that for the red imported fire ant Solenopsis invicta in south‐east Queensland, Australia.4. Cursory widespread searching is only optimal if the pest is already widespread or knowledge is poor, otherwise focussed searching exploiting the map is preferable. For longer management timeframes, eradication is more likely if funds are initially devoted to improving knowledge, even if this results in a short‐term explosion of the pest population.5. Synthesis and applications. By combining trade‐offs between knowledge acquisition and utilization, managers can better focus – and justify – their spending to achieve optimal results in invasive control efforts. This framework can improve the efficiency of any ecological management that relies on predicting occurrence.
Dynamic properties of the Sulfolobus CRISPR/Cas and CRISPR/Cmr systems when challenged with vector‐borne viral and plasmid genes and protospacers
Authors: Gudbergsdottir Soley , Deng Ling , Chen Zhengjun , Jensen Jaide V. K. , Jensen Linda R. , She Qunxin , Garrett Roger A. 
Published: November 2010

SummaryThe adaptive immune CRISPR/Cas and CRISPR/Cmr systems of the crenarchaeal thermoacidophile Sulfolobus were challenged by a variety of viral and plasmid genes, and protospacers preceded by different dinucleotide motifs. The genes and protospacers were constructed to carry sequences matching individual spacers of CRISPR loci, and a range of mismatches were introduced. Constructs were cloned into vectors carrying pyrE/pyrF genes and transformed into uracil auxotrophic hosts derived from Sulfolobus solfataricus P2 or Sulfolobus islandicus REY15A. Most constructs, including those carrying different protospacer mismatches, yielded few viable transformants. These were shown to carry either partial deletions of CRISPR loci, covering a broad spectrum of sizes and including the matching spacer, or deletions of whole CRISPR/Cas modules. The deletions occurred independently of whether genes or protospacers were transcribed. For family I CRISPR loci, the presence of the protospacer CC motif was shown to be important for the occurrence of deletions. The results are consistent with a low level of random dynamic recombination occurring spontaneously, either inter‐genomically or intra‐genomically, at the repeat regions of Sulfolobus CRISPR loci. Moreover, the relatively high incidence of single‐spacer deletions observed for S. islandicus suggests that an additional more directed mechanism operates in this organism.
Hfq binding at RhlB‐recognition region of RNase E is crucial for the rapid degradation of target mRNAs mediated by sRNAs in Escherichia coli
Authors: Ikeda Yoshiki , Yagi Mieko , Morita Teppei , Aiba Hiroji 
Published: November 2010

SummaryAn RNA chaperon Hfq along with Hfq‐binding sRNAs stably binds to RNase E in Escherichia coli. The role of the Hfq–RNase E interaction is to recruit RNase E to target mRNAs of sRNAs resulting in the rapid degradation of the mRNA–sRNA hybrid. The C‐terminal scaffold region of RNase E is responsible for the interaction with Hfq. Here, we demonstrate that the scaffold region can be deleted up to residue 750 without losing the ability to cause the rapid degradation of target mRNAs mediated by Hfq/sRNAs. The truncated RNase E750 can still bind to Hfq although the truncation significantly reduces the Hfq‐binding ability. We conclude that the subregion between 711 and 750 is sufficient for the functional interaction with Hfq to support the rapid degradation of ptsG mRNA although additional subregions within the scaffold are also involved in Hfq binding. Deletion of the 702–750 region greatly impairs the ability of RNase E to cause the degradation of ptsG mRNA. In addition, a polypeptide corresponding to the scaffold region binds to Hfq without the help of RNA. Finally, we demonstrate that overexpression of RhlB partially inhibits the Hfq binding to RNase E and the rapid degradation of ptsG mRNA.
Controls on late Quaternary incised‐valley dimension along passive margins evaluated using empirical data
Authors: MATTHEUS CHRISTOPHER R. , RODRIGUEZ ANTONIO B. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIncised valleys are canyon‐like features that initially form near the highstand shoreline and evolve over geological time as rivers erode into coastal plains and continental shelves to maintain equilibrium‐gradient profiles in response to sea‐level fall. Most of these valleys flood during sea‐level rise to form estuaries. Incised‐valley morphology strongly controls the rate of creation of sediment accommodation, valley‐fill facies architecture and the preservation potential of coastal lithosomes on continental shelves, and affects coastal physical processes. Nonetheless, little is known about what dictates incised‐valley size and shape and whether these metrics can be used to explain principal formation processes. The main control on alluvial channel morphology over human time scales is discharge; this is based on numerous empirical studies and is well‐constrained because all variables are easily measured at this short time scale. Knowledge of long‐term river evolution over a complete glacio‐eustatic cycle, on the contrary, remains largely conceptual, experimental and based on individual systems because variables that are thought to drive morphological change are not easily quantified. In spite of this difficulty, existing models of incised‐valley formation at the coast suggest that valley evolution is driven largely by downstream forcing mechanisms, highlighting sea‐level and shelf gradient/morphology as the dominant controls on valley incision. Although valleys are cut by rivers, whose channels are a direct reflection of discharge, little empirical data exist in coastal areas to address the degree to which valley evolution is governed by upstream controls. The late Quaternary is the best time period to examine because it provides the most complete sedimentary record and many variables, including sea‐level, tectonics, substrate lithology and drainage network characteristics, are accurately constrained. Here, 38 late Quaternary valleys along the coast of two different passive continental margins are compared, which suggests that valley shape and size are governed primarily by upstream, intrinsic controls such as discharge. Valley width, depth and cross‐sectional area are found to be predictable at the highstand shoreline and are scaled with the size of their drainage basin, which has important implications for estimating sediment discharge to continental shelves and deep water environments during periods of low sea‐level.