bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coyotes display minimal response to Cougar scent at experimental carcass sites
Authors: Parsons Mitchell A , Young Julie K 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Interactions among predators can have cascading impacts on communities and ecosystems. These interactions often occur around carrion, where the carrion provides a food reward, but also a risk of encountering other, potentially dominant, predators. Understanding how predators balance risk and reward at carrion, and how perceived risk changes in response to carcass origins and conditions, provides valuable insight into intraguild interactions. We investigated Coyote (Canis latrans) behavior at carrion simulated as cache sites treated with Cougar (Puma concolor) scent versus carrion used as control sites to better understand how Coyotes assess risk while feeding on carrion. Coyotes displayed similar behavior between sites treated and untreated with Cougar scent, suggesting that the presence of Cougar scent did not alter perceived risk by Coyotes in our study. Instead, Coyote behavior responded to carcass age, elevation, and whether avian scavengers had visited the carcass. Coyotes spent more time feeding, more time on camera, and touched carcasses quicker as carcass age increased. Avian scavengers appeared to compete with Coyotes, and while the presence of avian scavengers reduced time to carcass detection by Coyotes, it also decreased time spent feeding. These results suggest that carcass condition is a more important indicator of risk and reward than the presence of dominant predator scent to Coyotes. Predator scent may be an unreliable cue of immediate predator presence. Alternatively, all carcasses may be risky because dominant predators also scavenge carrion, creating similar risk regardless of previous visitation by dominant predators. These results provide insights into predator interactions and can also inform the use of scent cues in wildlife management.
Socioecological correlates of Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) hydration status at Gombe National Park, Tanzania
Authors: Nelson Rachel S , Bosha Raith , Mwacha Dismas , Terio Karen A , Murray Carson M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Maintaining water balance is imperative for organismal survival. Various socioecological conditions such as sex, reproductive state, and dominance rank can impact water intake and hydration status. Eastern Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) present an interesting biological model to investigate the socioecological correlates of hydration status, given adult sex differences in behavior. Males are more gregarious than females, which may afford them less behavioral flexibility to reduce dehydration risk. However, females invest heavily in their offspring, producing a water heavy milk for up to 5 years, and adult females experience disparities in access to water in foods dependent on dominance rank, which may cause variation in hydration status. In the present study, we investigated correlates of adult chimpanzee hydration status at Gombe National Park, Tanzania, using a measure of urine concentration—urine specific gravity (USG)—highly concentrated urine results in a higher USG, indicating dehydration. We found that both males and females had significantly higher USG in the dry season, but males had lower USG than females during the dry season. Within females, reproductive state did not significantly impact hydration status; however, females in middle lactation tended to have higher USG than nonpregnant, nonlactating females. Additionally, high-ranking females had lower USG than mid- and low-ranking females. While our study showed consistency with USG values that have been demonstrated at other Chimpanzee research sites, we found evidence that this population may be chronically dehydrated by human standards, but more research is needed across populations to determine the health and fitness effects of chronic dehydration in Chimpanzees.
YiQi GuBen formula alleviates airway inflammation and airway remodeling in OVA-induced asthma mice through TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway
Authors: Kong Yibu , Wang Zhongtian , Yu Hongjun , Dong Aiai , Song Yongfu , Guo Lei , Zhu Jinpu , Sun Liping , Guo Yinan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
We aim to investigate the effect of YiQi GuBen formula (YQGB) on airway inflammation and airway remodeling in the ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma model to further explore the potential mechanisms of YQGB in treating allergic asthma.

Methods
Mice were divided into five groups randomly (n = 10): the control group, OVA group, OVA + Dex (0.1 mg/kg) group, OVA + low-dose (1.1 g/kg) YQGB group, and OVA + high-dose (2.2 g/kg) YQGB group. Inflammatory cell count and IgE were detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Lung tissue histopathology was observed by using H&E, PAS, Masson, and immunohistochemistry staining. qRT-PCR and western blot were applied to analyze key genes and proteins associated with TLR4 and NF-κB signaling pathways.

Results
In OVA-induced asthma mice, YQGB decreased eosinophils and IgE in BALF. YQGB alleviated the OVA-induced inflammatory infiltration and declined IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, Eotaxin, ECP, GM-CSF, LTC4, and LTD4. YQGB attenuated the OVA-induced goblet cell metaplasia and mucus hypersecretion. YQGB mitigated the OVA-induced subepithelial fibrosis and lowered TGF-β1, E-Cadherin, Vimentin, and Fibronectin. YQGB ameliorated the OVA-induced airway smooth muscle thickening and lessened α-SMA and PDGF levels. YQGB reduced the expression of TLR4, MyD88, TRAF6, IκBα, and p65 mRNAs, and IκBα and p-p65 protein levels were also reduced.

Conclusion
YQGB exhibits the anti-asthma effect by reducing airway inflammation and airway remodeling through suppressing TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, and is worth promoting clinically.
A gain-of-function mutation in BnaIAA13 disrupts vascular tissue and lateral root development in Brassica napus
Authors: Gao Jinxiang , Qin Pei , Tang Shan , Guo Liang , Dai Cheng , Wen Jing , Yi Bin , Ma Chaozhi , Shen Jinxiong , Fu Tingdong , Zou Jun , Tu Jinxing 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Rapeseed (Brassica napus) is an important oilseed crop worldwide. Plant vascular tissues are responsible for long-distance transport of water and nutrients and for providing mechanical support. The lateral roots absorb water and nutrients. The genetic basis of vascular tissue and lateral root development in rapeseed remains unknown. This study characterized an ethyl methanesulfonate-mutagenized rapeseed mutant, T16, which showed dwarf stature, reduced lateral roots, and leaf wilting. SEM observations showed that the internode cells were shortened. Observations of tissue sections revealed defects in vascular bundle development in the stems and petioles. Genetic analysis revealed that the phenotypes of T16 were controlled by a single semi-dominant nuclear gene. Map-based cloning and genetic complementarity identified BnaA03.IAA13 as the functional gene; a G-to-A mutation in the second exon changed glycine at position 79 to glutamic acid, disrupting the conserved degron motif VGWPP. Transcriptome analysis in roots and stems showed that auxin and cytokinin signaling pathways were disordered in T16. Evolutionary analysis showed that AUXIN/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID is conserved during plant evolution. The heterozygote of T16 showed significantly reduced plant height while maintaining other agronomic traits. Our findings provide novel insights into the regulatory mechanisms of vascular tissue and lateral root development, and offer a new germplasm resource for rapeseed breeding.
Lost in the plot: missing visual elements in Kaplan-Meier plots of phase III oncology trials
Authors: Sherry Alexander D , Msaouel Pavlos , Kouzy Ramez , Abi Jaoude Joseph , Lin Timothy A , Taniguchi Cullen M , Fuller Clifton David , Minsky Bruce , Ludmir Ethan B 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Missing visual elements (MVE) in Kaplan-Meier (KM) curves can misrepresent data, preclude curve reconstruction, and hamper transparency. This study evaluated KM plots of phase III oncology trials. MVE were defined as an incomplete y-axis range or missing number at risk table in a KM curve. Surrogate endpoint KM curves were additionally evaluated for complete interpretability, defined by (1) reporting the number of censored patients and (2) correspondence of the disease assessment interval with the number at risk interval. Among 641 trials enrolling 518 235 patients, 116 trials (18%) had MVE in KM curves. Industry sponsorship, larger trials, and more recently published trials were correlated with lower odds of MVE. Only 3% of trials (15 of 574) published surrogate endpoint KM plots with complete interpretability. Improvements in the quality of KM curves of phase III oncology trials, particularly for surrogate endpoints, are needed for greater interpretability, reproducibility, and transparency in oncology research.
Electrospun radially oriented berberine-PHBV nanofiber dressing patches for accelerating diabetic wound healing
Authors: Wang Qiuyu , Zhang Sai , Jiang Jiayi , Chen Shaojuan , Ramakrishna Seeram , Zhao Wenwen , Yang Fan , Wu Shaohua 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A dressing patch made of radially oriented poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) nanofibers was successfully manufactured with a modified electrospinning strategy. The as-electrospun PHBV radially oriented nanofiber dressing patch exhibited uniform and bead-free nanofibrous morphology and innovative radially oriented arrangement, which was demonstrated to possess obviously improved mechanical property, increased surface hydrophilicity and enhanced biological properties compared to the PHBV nanofiber dressing patch control with traditionally randomly oriented pattern. Interestingly, it was found that the radially oriented pattern could induce the cell migration from the periphery to the center along the radially oriented nanofibers in a rapid manner. To further improve the biofunction of PHBV radially oriented nanofiber dressing patch, berberine (Beri, an isoquinoline alkaloid) with two different concentrations were encapsulated into PHBV nanofibers during electrospinning, which were found to present a sustained drug release behavior for nearly one month. Importantly, the addition of Beri could impart the dressing patch with excellent anti-inflammatory property by significantly inhibiting the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors of M1 macrophages, and also showed an additive influence on promoting the proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs), as well as inhibiting the growth of E. coli, S. aureus and C. albicans, compared with the Beri-free dressing patch. In the animal studies, the electrospun PHBV radially oriented nanofiber dressing patch loading with high Beri content was found to obviously accelerate the healing process of diabetic mouse full-thickness skin wound with shortened healing time (100% wound closure rate after 18 days’ treatment) and improved healing quality (improved collagen deposition, enhanced re-epithelialization and neovascularization and increased hair follicles). In all, this study reported an innovative therapeutic strategy integrating the excellent physical cues of electrospun PHBV radially oriented nanofiber dressing patch with the multiple biological cues of Beri for the effective treatment of hard-to-heal diabetic wounds.
The Association Between Chronic Tobacco Smoking and Brain Alterations in Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies
Authors: Koster Merel , Mannsdörfer Lilli , van der Pluijm Marieke , de Haan Lieuwe , Ziermans Tim , van Wingen Guido , Vermeulen Jentien 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
The high co-occurrence of tobacco smoking in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) poses a serious health concern, linked to increased mortality and worse clinical outcomes. The mechanisms underlying this co-occurrence are not fully understood.

Study Design
Addressing the need for a comprehensive overview of the impact of tobacco use on SSD neurobiology, we conducted a systematic review of neuroimaging studies (including structural, functional, and neurochemical magnetic resonance imaging studies) that investigate the association between chronic tobacco smoking and brain alterations in patients with SSD.

Study Results
Eight structural and fourteen functional studies were included. Structural studies show widespread independent and additive reductions in gray matter in relation to smoking and SSD. The majority of functional studies suggest that smoking might be associated with improvements in connectivity deficits linked to SSD. However, the limited number of and high amount of cross-sectional studies, and high between-studies sample overlap prevent a conclusive determination of the nature and extent of the impact of smoking on brain functioning in patients with SSD. Overall, functional results imply a distinct neurobiological mechanism for tobacco addiction in patients with SSD, possibly attributed to differences at the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor level.

Conclusions
Our findings highlight the need for more longitudinal and exposure-dependent studies to differentiate between inherent neurobiological differences and the (long-term) effects of smoking in SSD, and to unravel the complex interaction between smoking and schizophrenia at various disease stages. This could inform more effective strategies addressing smoking susceptibility in SSD, potentially improving clinical outcomes.
Hallucination Proneness Alters Sensory Feedback Processing in Self-voice Production
Authors: Duggirala Suvarnalata Xanthate , Schwartze Michael , Goller Lisa K , Linden David E J , Pinheiro Ana P , Kotz Sonja A 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Sensory suppression occurs when hearing one’s self-generated voice, as opposed to passively listening to one’s own voice. Quality changes in sensory feedback to the self-generated voice can increase attentional control. These changes affect the self-other voice distinction and might lead to hearing voices in the absence of an external source (ie, auditory verbal hallucinations). However, it is unclear how changes in sensory feedback processing and attention allocation interact and how this interaction might relate to hallucination proneness (HP).

Study Design
Participants varying in HP self-generated (via a button-press) and passively listened to their voice that varied in emotional quality and certainty of recognition—100% neutral, 60%–40% neutral-angry, 50%–50% neutral-angry, 40%–60% neutral-angry, 100% angry, during electroencephalography (EEG) recordings.

Study Results
The N1 auditory evoked potential was more suppressed for self-generated than externally generated voices. Increased HP was associated with (1) an increased N1 response to the self- compared with externally generated voices, (2) a reduced N1 response for angry compared with neutral voices, and (3) a reduced N2 response to unexpected voice quality in sensory feedback (60%–40% neutral-angry) compared with neutral voices.

Conclusions
The current study highlights an association between increased HP and systematic changes in the emotional quality and certainty in sensory feedback processing (N1) and attentional control (N2) in self-voice production in a nonclinical population. Considering that voice hearers also display these changes, these findings support the continuum hypothesis.
Is erectile dysfunction associated with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis? Insights from a population-based study
Authors: Yan Yuxin , Zhou Liyu , La Rui , Xu Wu , Li Lisong , Jiang Dinghua , Huang Lixin , Wu Qian 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
The correlation between osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), both significant components of arthritis, and erectile dysfunction (ED) has yet to be thoroughly investigated.

Aim
In this study we aimed to assess the association of OA and RA with ED.

Methods
In this observational study we used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, which was conducted between 2001 and 2004. Various statistical analyses were employed to investigate the associations of OA and RA with ED, including multivariable logistic regression analysis and subgroup analysis.

Outcomes
The primary outcome for this investigation was arthritis as assessed through self-reporting.

Results
In this comprehensive nationally representative survey spanning 4 years, our findings revealed a notably elevated incidence of ED within both OA and RA populations in comparison to the general population. Additional research is imperative to provide a deeper understanding of these correlations and their potential implications for both pathogenesis and treatment strategies.

Clinical Implications
The research outcomes reported here may serve as a valuable guide for clinicians to assist OA and RA patientsin staying vigilant in addressing their sexual health concerns.

Strengths and Limitations
We explored the association of OA and RA with ED. However, this is only a cross-sectional study.

Conclusion
In this comprehensive nationally representative survey spanning 4 years, our findings revealed a notably elevated incidence of ED within both OA and RA patient populations in comparison to the general population. Ongoing research is imperative to provide a deeper understanding of these correlations.
Parental union dissolution and the gender revolution
Authors: Eriksson Helen , Kolk Martin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This study investigates two concurrent trends across Europe and North America: the increasing instability of parental unions and men’s rising contributions to household work. Because children have almost universally resided with their mothers and it is difficult for non-residential fathers to maintain any levels of care work, union dissolutions have potentially slowed societal increases in gender equality. A new family form—50/50 living arrangements—has begun to challenge our understanding of the consequences of union dissolution. Since 50/50 residence requires fathers to take full care responsibility for the child half of the time—something few partnered fathers do—it may even push parents into a more egalitarian division of care work. We have studied care work using Swedish administrative data on parents’ leave from work to care for a sick child. We have created a panel of leave-sharing for children aged 2–11, and use an event-study design to estimate the causal effect of dissolution on the sharing of sick-child leave. The results show that in parental unions dissolving today, the dissolution leads to an increase in fathers’ share of sick-child leave. Whereas union dissolutions have for decades been slowing the gender revolution in Sweden, they are now accelerating it.
Sexual well-being among partnered adults and couples over 60: a scoping review
Authors: Bigras Noémie , Popova Nevena , Pedneault Lydia , Brassard Audrey , Bergeron Sophie 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Although society still holds age-related stereotypes dismissing the sexuality of aging individuals, older adults remain sexually active and find sexuality to be an important part of their quality of life. Primarily oriented toward a biomedical and dysfunctional lens, prior research neglected the subjective well-being of elderly individuals, especially partnered adults and couples aged 60 years or more. Shedding a more positive light on this area of life could promote older individuals’ and couples’ sexual well-being.

Objectives
This scoping review aimed to synthetize the studies including community samples of partnered adults or couples over 60 who reported on various indicators of subjective sexual well-being including sexual satisfaction, distress, and function using validated measures.

Methods
Adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMAScR), the electronic literature search was conducted using PubMed, PsycINFO, Medline, and CINAHL for peer-reviewed journal articles published before July 2023.

Results
Results showed how relational variables such as relationship satisfaction and intimacy emerge as important correlates of older adults’ sexual well-being.

Conclusion
Avenues for future research arising from gaps in the studies identified thorough this scoping review, including the underrepresentation of sexual/gender diverse individuals and the use of single and/or non-validated items to assess sexual well-being, are discussed.
Influence of differing levels of concentrate on circulating cytokine concentrations in beef heifers
Authors: Stockland Erin L , Smith Molly S , Pickett Autumn T , Cooke Reinaldo F , Poole Rebecca K 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Components of the immune system (e.g., cytokines and chemokines) can influence reproductive efficiency. Characterizing the influence nutrition has on shifts in circulating cytokine concentrations will allow for a better understanding of reproductive efficiency in beef cattle. This study aimed to determine the effect of diet composition on circulating cytokine concentrations of beef heifers. Using a 3 × 3 Latin square design, pubertal Bos taurus-influenced rumen-cannulated heifers (n = 15) were fed a diet based on different concentrate percentages. The treatment period consisted of 28-d feeding periods with a washout interval of 21 d. Treatment groups were fed 100% grass hay (high forage; HF), 60% grass hay with 40% corn-based concentrate (intermediate; INT), and 25% grass hay with 75% corn-based concentrate (high grain; HG). Heifers were offered 2% of their body weight in feed daily. Blood was collected on days 0 and 28 of the treatment period for cytokine analysis. Plasma cytokine concentrations were quantified using RayBiotech Quantibody Bovine Cytokine Array Q1 kit according to manufacturer instructions. Concentrations of interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP10) linearly decreased with an increased concentrate diet (P = 0.037). Concentrations of IP10 differed for heifers consuming HF diet vs. HG diet (3,069.52 vs. 1,001.84 ± 669.01 pg/mL, respectively) and heifers consuming INT diet vs. HG diet (2,886.77 vs. 1,001.84 ± 669.01 pg/mL, respectively); however, there were no significant differences in IP10 concentrations between HF and INT heifers. There was a tendency for interleukin-1 family member 5 (IL1F5) concentrations to be lower for heifers consuming the HG diet compared to INT diet (P = 0.08). Results suggest that heifers consuming a high-concentrate diet have lower concentrations of IP10 and IL1F5. Additional research is necessary to better understand the dietary influence on the immune system in developing heifers.