bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of cadmium toxicity and tolerance in Populus
Authors: Induri Brahma Reddy , DiFazio Stephen , Ellis Danielle , Slavov Gancho , Yin Tong-Ming , Tuskan Gerald 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Background and Methods:
Cadmium (Cd), ranked the 7th most hazardous substance, is one of the most widespread pollutants of soil and water in industrialized nations. Its increased movement in soil-plant systems is posing a serious threat to human health. Cd, without any known functions in plants, was found to be toxic even at minute concentrations, leading to the development of symptoms such as leaf roll, chlorosis and root and shoot growth reduction. Phytoremediation is an emerging cost-effective and environment friendly technology that utilizes high biomass producing plants including Populus plants to remove, transform or stabilize contaminants in soils. The objectives of our study were to record phenotypic variation in a Populus pedigree to Cd exposure, to identify Cd tolerant and susceptible genotypes of Populus, to map QTLs (Quantitative Trait Loci - genomic regions responsible) for Cd tolerance and accumulation in Populus and to predict a mechanism for Cd toxicity and tolerance in susceptible and tolerant Populus genotypes.QTL mapping was accomplished by conducting a greenhouse hydroponic study in which 252 genotypes of a Populus pseudo-backcross progeny were grown for 40 days and treated with 25 µM Cd. Phenotypic variation in total dry weight was recorded on these genotypes and was used for identifying QTL for Cd tolerance. We identified genotypes with contrasting responses to the Cd treatment and conducted a microarray study to identify potential Cd tolerance mechanisms based on gene expression patterns.

Results/Conclusions:
Significant variation was observed among genotypes in response to Cd treatment based on changes in total dry weight. Cd tolerant and susceptible genotypes were identified based on the least square mean differences (Control-Cd treated for each genotype) among all the genotypes. Three QTLs were identified for Cd tolerance and they accounted for approximately 25% of the phenotypic variation in Cd tolerance measured as total dry weights.In the microarray study, the Cd-susceptible genotype had higher expression of Fe-transporters compared to the tolerant genotypes, and Cd and Fe levels were significantly different in foliage. Even the susceptible genotype controls had higher, though not significant, Fe levels than tolerant genotype controls. We therefore hypothesize that part of the mechanism for Cd tolerance is determined by the differences in the activity of Fe transporters in genotypes with differential Fe homeostasis.
Benchmarking triple stores with biological data
Authors: Mironov Vladimir 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe have compared the performance of five non-commercial triple stores, Virtuoso-open source, Jena SDB, Jena TDB, SWIFT-OWLIM and 4Store. We examined three performance aspects: the query execution time, scalability and run-to-run reproducibility. The queries we chose addressed different ontological or biological topics, and we obtained evidence that individual store performance was quite query specific. We identified three groups of queries displaying similar behavior across the different stores: 1) relatively short response time, 2) moderate response time and 3) relatively long response time. OWLIM proved to be a winner in the first group, 4Store in the second, and Virtuoso in the third. Our benchmarking showed Virtuoso to be a very balanced performer – its response time was better than average for all the 24 queries; it showed a very good scalability and a reasonable run-to-run reproducibility.
Populous: A Tool For Populating OWL Ontologies From Templates
Authors: Jupp Simon 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe present Populous, a tool for gathering content with which to populate an ontology. Domain experts need to add content, that is often repetitive in its form, but without having to tackle the underlying ontological representation. Populous presents users with a table based form in which columns are constrained to take values from particular ontologies; the user can select a concept from an ontology via its meaningful label to give a value for a given entity attribute.Populated tables are mapped to patterns that can then be used to automatically generate the ontology's content. Populous's contribution is in the knowledge gathering stage of ontology development. It separates knowledge gathering from the conceptualisation and also separates the user from the standard ontology authoring environments. As a result, Populous can allow knowledge to be gathered in a straight-forward manner that can then be used to do mass production of ontology content.
A twisted periscope arrangement for transporting elliptically polarized light without change in its polarization state
Authors: Arora Ashish , Ghosh Sandip 
Published: December 2010

The authors describe a dual-mirror 90 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$^\circ$\end{document}∘ twisted periscope arrangement for transporting polarized light in air, wherein a general elliptic polarization state of the light is preserved at all wavelengths. It is experimentally demonstrated that in the wavelength range 400–1000 nm, this arrangement preserves the polarization state fairly well when using either metallic or dielectric mirrors.
Early chemotherapy intensification with BEACOPP in advanced‐stage Hodgkin lymphoma patients with a interim‐PET positive after two ABVD courses
Authors: Gallamini Andrea , Patti Caterina , Viviani Simonetta , Rossi Andrea , Fiore Francesca , Di Raimondo Francesco , Cantonetti Maria , Stelitano Caterina , Feldman Tatyana , Gavarotti Paolo , Sorasio Roberto , Mulè Antonino , Leone Monica , Rambaldi Alessandro , Biggi Alberto , Barrington Sally , Fallanca Federico , Ficola Umberto , Chauvie Stéphane , Gianni Alessandro Massimo ,   for the Gruppo Italiano Terapie Innovative nei Linfomi (GITIL)
Published: December 2010

SummaryInterim 2‐[18F]Fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose Positron Emission Tomography performed after two chemotherapy cycles (PET‐2) is the most reliable predictor of treatment outcome in ABVD‐treated Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) patients. We retrospectively analysed the treatment outcome of a therapeutic strategy based on PET‐2 results: positive patients switched to BEACOPP, while negative patients continued with ABVD. Between January 2006 and December 2007, 219 newly diagnosed HL patients admitted to nine centres were enrolled; 54 patients, unfit to receive this treatment were excluded from the analysis. PET‐2 scans were reviewed by a central panel of nuclear medicine experts, according to the Deauville score (Meignan, 2009). After a median follow up of 34 months (12–52) the 2‐year failure free survival (FFS) and overall survival for the entire cohort of 165 patients were 88% and 98%; the FFS was 65% for PET‐2 positive and 92% for PET‐2 negative patients. For 154 patients in which treatment was correctly given according to PET‐2 review, the 2‐year FFS was 91%: 62% for PET‐2 positive and 95% for PET‐2 negative patients. Conclusions: this strategy, with BEACOPP intensification only in PET‐2 positive patients, showed better results than ABVD‐treated historic controls, sparing BEACOPP toxicity to the majority of patients (Clinical Trials.gov Identifier NCT00877747).
Stress, cortisol and well‐being of caregivers and children in home‐based child care: a case for differential susceptibility
Authors: Groeneveld M. G. , Vermeer H. J. , van IJzendoorn M. H. , Linting M. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackground  We examined whether children cared for by stressed caregivers show lower socio‐emotional well‐being and more stress, compared with children cared for by less stressed caregivers.Methods  Perceived stress and cortisol levels of professional caregivers (n= 44), and associations with children's (n= 44) well‐being and cortisol levels in home‐based child care were examined.Results  Caregiver perceived stress and cortisol levels were related to children's well‐being but not to children's cortisol levels. Children's social fearfulness acted as a moderator between caregivers' mean ratio of diurnal change in cortisol and children's well‐being. When caregiver cortisol levels decreased, more fearful children were reported higher on well‐being than less fearful peers. In contrast, when caregiver cortisol levels increased, more fearful children were reported lower on well‐being.Conclusions  The findings point to differential susceptibility. Child care organizations and parents need to notice that a non‐stressful child care environment is in particular important for children with a difficult temperament.
Test–retest reliability of the Xhosa version of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children
Authors: Flisher A. J. , Sorsdahl K. R. , Lund C. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackground  The Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (DISC‐IV) is a widely used structured psychiatric diagnostic instrument for children that is designed to be administered by non‐clinicians. Although reliability data on several versions of the DISC are available, none have assessed the Xhosa version for use in the South African context. The objective of this study was to examine the test–retest reliability of the Xhosa version of the DISC‐IV.Methods  Test–retest reliabilities were documented for a sample of 105 parent/care giver and youth pairs. The research assistants worked in pairs, one interviewed the parent and the other interviewed the youth. The same researchers returned after approximately 2 weeks to conduct the second interviews.Results  The DISC‐IV was reliable across informants for many psychiatric disorders. Kappa coefficients ranged from 0.448 (any anxiety disorder) to 0.662 (major depressive disorder) for parent reports and from 0.145 (anxiety) to 0.661 (major depressive disorder) for child reports.Conclusion  The results of this study suggest that the test–retest reliability of the Xhosa version of the DISC‐IV is similar to the reliability reported in other translated versions of the instrument. The satisfactory reliability and straightforward application make this instrument suitable for use in South Africa.
Recovery of opercular anomalies in gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata L.: morphological and morphometric analysis
Authors: Beraldo P , Canavese B 
Published: December 2010

AbstractOpercular anomalies are very frequent in reared gilthead sea bream and these can negatively influence the product value. Field observations have suggested that opercular malformations can recover over time. In order to verify this hypothesis, 140‐day‐old gilthead sea bream with monolateral opercular anomalies were divided into three groups, according to the type and increasing seriousness of the opercular malformations, and another group was composed of fish with bilateral opercular anomalies. All groups were monitored for 16 months. In the group with monolateral anomalies, the opercular recovery process was documented by morphological (stereomicroscope) and morphometric analysis. For the latter analysis, two relevant areas, A and T, were identified in the cephalic region. The ratio (T – A)/T, tending to 1, represents the recovery index (RI) of anatomical integrity and quantifies the recovery level of opercular complex anomalies. Results suggested that the recovery process was considerable over the 16 months of investigation but should not be considered complete. At the end of the study, 61% of the gilthead sea bream population with monolateral opercular defects recovered external integrity, whereas the population with bilateral defects showed a poorer recovery capability.
Atypical Aeromonas salmonicida infection in the black rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli Hilgendorf, in Korea
Authors: Han H‐J , Kim D‐Y , Kim W‐S , Kim C‐S , Jung S‐J , Oh M‐J , Kim D‐H 
Published: December 2010

AbstractCultured black rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli, suffered mass mortalities during winter 2008 and spring 2009 in Korea, showing clinical signs of ulcer lesions and haemorrhages over their body surface. The aetiological agent was identified as Aeromonas salmonicida (strains RFAS‐1, ‐2 and ‐3), which is a non‐pigmented, slow‐growing bacterium. Phenotypes of RFAS strains showed variation, while 16S rRNA, gyrB, rpoD, dnaJ and recA gene sequences of all the strains were affiliated to A. salmonicida. In particular, vapA gene sequences of the strains were most closely related to one of the five subspecies of A. salmonicida subsp. masoucida (=KCCM 40239T). LD50 values of RFAS‐1 for intraperitoneal and intramuscular injection were 1.5 × 105.25 and 1.5 × 106.4 cfu/rockfish, respectively. However, A. salmonicida strains KCCM 40239T and SAS‐1, which originate from masou and chum salmon, respectively, were not pathogenic to black rockfish. RFAS strains, possessing A‐layer protein on their surface, exhibited β‐haemolytic activity against rockfish erythrocytes and capability to survive in rockfish serum, which seem to be associated with virulence.
Perinatal demography of gastroschisis in North Queensland
Authors: Whitehall John S , Kandasamy Yogavijayan , Stalewski Harry , Gill Arpinder 
Published: December 2010

Aim:  To review the demography of gastroschisis in North Queensland.Methods:  A retrospective chart review of live born cases of gastroschisis originating in North Queensland from 1988 to 2007.Results:  Fifty‐nine cases were identified, giving an overall rate of 3.2 per 10 000 live births. In mothers <20 years old compared with 20–24 and 25–29 it was 12.1, 6.3 and 1.7. Overall, the rate was higher in Indigenous mothers (6.6 vs. 2.6, OR 2.5; 95% CI 1.4–4.5, P= 0.0018). Overall, the rate increased significantly from 0.7 per 10 000 live births in the first 5 years of the study to 4.8 in the last (trend test P= 0.0015), but it increased particularly in mothers <20 years old, from 2.40 in the first 5 years to 19.3 in the last (trend test P= 0.0177). It also rose from 0 to 3.6 in those aged 25–29 (P= 0.0337) but remained stable in other age groups. There was no difference in the outcomes of babies born to Indigenous or non‐Indigenous mothers, or in outcomes of babies delivered vaginally or by Caesarean section, or in outcomes of babies from any particular location in North Queensland. There was no significant difference in the average age of Indigenous and non‐Indigenous mothers.Conclusion:  Gastroschisis is increasing in North Queensland, especially in mothers <20. Overall, the rate in Indigenous mothers is two to three times higher.
High diversity of ants in Australian vineyards
Authors: Chong Chee‐Seng , Thomson Linda J , Hoffmann Ary A 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAnt diversity in Australia is exceptionally high compared to other regions of the world, with semiarid regions being the most species‐rich. Ants perform numerous ecological functions and have been used in various biomonitoring programs. The role of ants in vineyards is unclear although other studies have focussed on controlling the invasive Argentine ant, Linepithema humile (Mayr), which significantly promotes mealybug and scale insect densities. While ants have been surveyed in a range of habitats throughout the continent, little is known about the diversity of ants in Australian vineyards. In this study, 147 native ant species were identified with pitfall trapping from 50 vineyards distributed in five regions in Victoria and South Australia. Species richness, compositional similarities and assemblage structure varied within and across regions although the ant fauna in semiarid vineyards was the most diverse. Linepithema humile was only detected in seven vineyards in one region. High ant diversity in vineyards could potentially contribute to ecosystem services, including biological control, and provide insurance to ecosystem functioning. Vineyards and other perennial agroecosystems could be important in maintaining invertebrate biodiversity particularly in a structurally diverse agricultural landscape.
The distribution, abundance and life cycle of the pest mites Balaustium medicagoense (Prostigmata: Erythraeidae) and Bryobia spp. (Prostigmata: Tetranychidae) in Australia
Authors: Arthur Aston L , Weeks Andrew R , Hill Matthew P , Hoffmann Ary A 
Published: December 2010

Abstract Balaustium medicagoense and Bryobia spp. have recently been identified by the Australian grains industry as emerging pests of winter grain crops and pastures. While reports of damage by these mites appear to have increased in the last decade, limited research has been conducted on their biology and ecology. Here the distribution and seasonal abundance patterns of Bryobia spp. and Ba. medicagoense in southern Australia are investigated. Bryobia spp. had a more widespread distribution than Ba. medicagoense. An Ecological Niche Model for the distribution of Ba. medicagoense constructed using MAXENT predicted the distribution of this species well, and identified associated climatic factors including summer and winter temperature variables and winter precipitation. Monthly sampling suggested that Ba. medicagoense had two generations per year and was active from March until December, with a likely diapause period in summer. The seasonal abundance and life cycle of two species of Bryobia (Bryobia sp. IX and Bryobia sp. I) differed. Bryobia sp. IX had two generations per year, was active from March until December, and was likely to be in diapause over summer. Bryobia sp. I did not appear to have a diapause stage, and had approximately four generations per year. Activity periods of these mites overlapped with those of the pest mite species Halotydeus destructor and Penthaleus major. A survey of pest outbreaks and chemical control failures suggested that while H. destructor and the Penthaleus species remained important pests, outbreaks of Ba. medicagoense and Bryobia spp. had increased. The findings highlight the need to develop effective and sustainable management strategies for these mites.
Impact of groundcover manipulations within windbreaks on mite pests and their natural enemies
Authors: Tsitsilas Angelos , Hoffmann Ary A , Weeks Andrew R , Umina Paul A 
Published: December 2010

AbstractNon‐crop vegetation adjacent to broad‐acre pastures and crops can influence the abundance of invertebrate pests by promoting populations of beneficial natural enemies. However, characteristics of adjoining vegetation that consistently promote natural enemies are often unknown. Here we manipulate the height of grasses and herbaceous plants within windbreaks at five geographically separated sites in south‐eastern Australia to examine the effects of on‐ground vegetation structure on the abundance of pest mites and natural enemy complexes. Reducing the height and cover of vegetation across 2 years led to decreased numbers of predatory mites, predatory beetles and spiders within windbreaks and at sites 5 m from the windbreak edge within adjacent pastures. There was also an associated increase in numbers of pest earth mites, the redlegged earth mite (Halotydeus destructor) and blue oat mites (Penthaleus spp.). Similar findings were found in manipulative experiments under semifield conditions using microcosms. These results suggest that an increase in height and perhaps complexity of groundcover act to promote populations of beneficial natural enemies with potential suppression of pest mite species. These findings point to a simple way for increasing populations of beneficial invertebrate species at the farm scale that could contribute to integrated pest management programs.
Effects of humidity on the response of the bark beetle Ips grandicollis (Eichhoff) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) to synthetic aggregation pheromone
Authors: Bassett Michelle A , Baumgartner John B , Hallett Monique L , Hassan Yasmin , Symonds Matthew R E 
Published: December 2010

AbstractEnvironmental factors may affect chemical communication between individuals by limiting their ability to detect and respond to these signals. One such factor, high humidity, has been shown to interfere with the normal response of some invertebrate species to their attractant pheromones. The effect of humidity on the response of the five‐spined bark beetle, Ips grandicollis, to a synthetic form of the aggregation pheromone component ipsenol, was tested in an experimental chamber in the laboratory. The response was measured as both the number of beetles to reach the pheromone source and the time taken, and was tested under high (>80% relative humidity) and low (30–40% relative humidity) conditions of humidity. There was no significant difference in response of beetles between the two treatments although there was a reduction in response in the high‐humidity treatment when relative humidity levels were in excess of 90%. These findings suggest that atmospheric humidity does not influence bark beetles response to synthetic pheromone, except perhaps in unlikely conditions of excessive humidity.
Impact of two formulations of the acaricide bifenazate on the spider mite predator Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias‐Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae)
Authors: Steiner Marilyn Y , Spohr Lorraine J , Goodwin Stephen 
Published: December 2010

AbstractTwo formulations of the novel miticide bifenazate, Floramite SC (240 g/L bifenazate) and Acramite SC (480 g/L bifenazate) were separately evaluated at a rate of 310 mg a.i./L (1.3 mL/L Floramite or 0.65 mL/L Acramite) for side effects on the phytoseiid predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis. Tests included a combination of contact and residual treatment by overhead spray, direct contact by immersion, residual contact with treated leaf discs and repellency of a treated surface. Spray application of Acramite to protonymphs and to adult females on leaf discs did not cause increased mortality over 5 days to either stage. Oviposition by treated adults was not affected over 5 days. Egg‐laying by adult females sprayed as protonymphs was reduced, but fewer males and inadequate food supply may have been partly responsible. For adult females treated as nymphs by micro‐immersion in Floramite or Acramite, there were no significant differences between treated and untreated P. persimilis in mortality or oviposition. For both formulations, there was a significant reduction in oviposition rate of the first generation reared from eggs deposited on treated foliage, but the reduction was <20%. Foliar applications of both formulations to leaf discs were repellent to adult females, resulting in reduced oviposition. The repellency from a treated surface and low direct and indirect toxicity suggests that application of both Acramite and Floramite against two‐spotted mite, Tetranychus urticae, at the currently recommended rate of 310 mg a.i./L would be compatible with use of P. persimilis, particularly as a spot treatment.