bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of direct vertebral body derotation on the lumbar prominence in Lenke Type 5C curves
Authors: Hwang Steven W. , Dubaz Ornella M. , Ames Robert , Rothkrug Alex , Kimball Jeff S. , Samdani Amer F. 
Published: August 2012

Object
The thoracic rib hump, caused by axial rotation of the spine, is one of the most dissatisfying cosmetic features associated with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). However, advances in instrumentation and surgical techniques, such as direct vertebral body derotation (DVBD), have allowed improved correction in the axial plane and the rib hump. In cases of thoracolumbar/lumbar curves (Lenke Type 5), the lumbar prominence can be equally disfiguring and is often associated with waist asymmetry, another cosmetic concern. Although DVBD has been evaluated in the thoracic spine, little is known about its impact on the lumbar spine. The authors investigated the outcomes of DVBD on the lumbar prominence.

Methods
A prospectively collected multicenter database was queried for pediatric patients with AIS and Lenke Type 5 curves. All patients who underwent thoracoplasty procedures were excluded. A total of 34 patients underwent surgical correction via a posterior-only approach using pedicle screw constructs. Nineteen patients underwent concurrent DVBD, and the remaining 15 patients served as a control group and did not undergo DVBD. All patients had a minimum of 2 years of follow-up.

Results
The mean age of the entire cohort was 14.9 ± 2.3 years, and the majority of patients were female (88%). All patients had Lenke Type 5C curves with a mean major curve of 46.0° ± 8.7°, which corrected to 13.7° ± 7.2° (70% correction). A mean of 10.7 ± 3.0 levels were fused. Only thoracic kyphosis was significantly different between the groups preoperatively. Similarly, postoperative radiographic parameters were comparable between the groups, with equivalent percentages of correction. Although improvement in the thoracic rib hump was comparable between the groups, the DVBD group had 56.2% correction of the lumbar prominence, and the control group had 76% improvement (p = 0.05).

Conclusions
Although DVBD has been a valuable tool in the management of AIS, the authors' results suggest that its application for thoracolumbar curves may be limited. Further analysis with a larger cohort is required to better ascertain the impact of DVBD on thoracolumbar curves.
Microsatellite primers in Oenothera harringtonii (Onagraceae), an annual endemic to the shortgrass prairie of Colorado
Authors: Skogen Krissa A. , Hilpman Evan T. , Todd Sadie L. , Fant Jeremie B. 
Published: August 2012

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite markers were developed in the annual herb, Oenothera harringtonii, to investigate patterns of genetic diversity, gene flow, and parentage within and among populations of this Colorado endemic.• Methods and Results: Ten polymorphic loci were identified in O. harringtonii and tested in four populations sampled across the range of the species. These loci contained trinucleotide repeats with 7–29 alleles per locus. Nine of the 10 loci also amplified in O. caespitosa subsp. macroglottis, O. caespitosa subsp. marginata, and O. caespitosa subsp. navajoensis. In addition, we optimized three markers developed for O. biennis and provide reports of their effectiveness in all four taxa.• Conclusions: These results indicate the utility of these markers in O. harringtonii for future studies of genetic structure, gene flow, and parentage as well as their applicability in other members of the O. caespitosa species complex.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers for Thujopsis dolabrata var. hondai (Cupressaceae)1
Authors: Mishima Kentaro , Hirao Tomonori , Watanabe Atsushi , Takata Katsuhiko 
Published: August 2012

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite markers were developed for the endemic Japanese species Thujopsis dolabrata var. hondai for studies on forest ecology and tree breeding.• Methods and Results: We characterized 10 dinucleotide microsatellite loci by screening primers developed using a simple sequence repeat–enriched library. The number of alleles per locus ranged from eight to 44 with an average of 20.3. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.326 to 0.854 and from 0.670 to 0.976, respectively.• Conclusions: The development of these markers can be used to assess useful genetic information for ecological studies and tree breeding in T. dolabrata var. hondai.
Atopaxar
Authors: Wurster T. , May A. E. 
Published: August 2012

SummaryAtopaxar, also known as E 5555 is a novel reversible protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) thrombin receptor antagonist. To date, Atopaxar has been investigated in phase II trials with focus on safety and tolerability in patients with acute coronary syndromes or stable coronary artery disease on top of standard antiplatelet therapy. Atopaxar was generally well tolerated, however a rise in liver enzymes and prolongation of the QTcF interval were observed. The data suggest, that atopaxar administration may promote some minor bleeding complications, but does not seem to significantly increase the risk of major bleeding. Although not powered for efficacy, the currently available data suggest potential benefits in patients at high risk for recurrent ischemic events on top of standard antiplatelet therapy. In conclusion, more studies (e.g. phase III) are needed to evaluate efficacy and safety of atopaxar.
Initial Oxygen Concentration for the Resuscitation of Infants Born at Less Than 32 Weeks’ Gestation
Authors: Sotiropoulos James X. , Oei Ju Lee , Schmölzer Georg M. , Libesman Sol , Hunter Kylie E. , Williams Jonathan G. , Webster Angela C. , Vento Maximo , Kapadia Vishal , Rabi Yacov , Dekker Janneke , Vermeulen Marijn J. , Sundaram Venkataseshan , Kumar Praveen , Kaban Risma K. , Rohsiswatmo Rinawati , Saugstad Ola D. , Seidler Anna Lene 
Published: June 2024

ImportanceResuscitation with lower fractional inspired oxygen (FiO2) reduces mortality in term and near-term infants but the impact of this practice on very preterm infants is unclear.ObjectiveTo evaluate the relative effectiveness of initial FiO2 on reducing mortality, severe morbidities, and oxygen saturations (SpO2) in preterm infants born at less than 32 weeks’ gestation using network meta-analysis (NMA) of individual participant data (IPD).Data SourcesMEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, CINAHL, ClinicalTrials.gov, and WHO ICTRP from 1980 to October 10, 2023.Study SelectionEligible studies were randomized clinical trials enrolling infants born at less than 32 weeks’ gestation comparing at least 2 initial oxygen concentrations for delivery room resuscitation, defined as either low (≤0.3), intermediate (0.5-0.65), or high (≥0.90) FiO2.Data Extraction and SynthesisInvestigators from eligible studies were invited to provide IPD. Data were processed and checked for quality and integrity. One-stage contrast-based bayesian IPD-NMA was performed with noninformative priors and random effects and adjusted for key covariates.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was all-cause mortality at hospital discharge. Secondary outcomes were morbidities of prematurity and SpO2 at 5 minutes.ResultsIPD were provided for 1055 infants from 12 of the 13 eligible studies (2005-2019). Resuscitation with high (≥0.90) initial FiO2 was associated with significantly reduced mortality compared to low (≤0.3) (odds ratio [OR], 0.45; 95% credible interval [CrI], 0.23-0.86; low certainty) and intermediate (0.5-0.65) FiO2 (OR, 0.34; 95% CrI, 0.11-0.99; very low certainty). High initial FiO2 had a 97% probability of ranking first to reduce mortality. The effects on other morbidities were inconclusive.Conclusions and RelevanceHigh initial FiO2 (≥0.90) may be associated with reduced mortality in preterm infants born at less than 32 weeks’ gestation compared to low initial FiO2 (low certainty). High initial FiO2 is possibly associated with reduced mortality compared to intermediate initial FiO2 (very low certainty) but more evidence is required.
Nonmetal Substitution in Interstitial Site of O3‐NaNi0.5Mn0.5O2 Induces the Generation of a Nearly Zero Strain P2&O3 Biphasic Structure as Ultrastable Sodium‐Ion Cathode
Authors: Yu Lai , He Xiaoyue , Peng Bo , Wang Feng , Ahmad Nazir , Shen Yongkuan , Ma Xinyi , Tao Zongzhi , Liang Jiacheng , Jiang Zixuan , Diao Zhidan , He Bowen , Xie Yuhu , Qing Bing , Wang Chao , Wang Yifei , Zhang Genqiang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCo‐free O3‐type NaNi0.5Mn0.5O2 cathode material for sodium‐ion batteries has shown great promise due to its high theoretical capacity and plentiful Na reservoir. However, the rapid capacity recession caused by harmful phase transition and large volume strain severely restricts their practical application. Herein, the obstacle is well addressed by constructing a P2&O3 biphasic structure via a customized boron‐doping strategy. The light‐weight boron doping in the interstitial position reduces the energy gap of the formation energy of P2 and O3 structure, which induces the formation of P2&O3 biphase in high Na state. In addition, the biphasic structure exhibits near zero volume strain due to the lattice interlocking effect of P2&O3, as identified by in situ X‐ray diffraction measurement. As a result, it presents a remarkable cyclability with a capacity retention of 85.2% over 1000 cycles at a high rate of 5 C. More importantly, a pouch‐type full‐cell device can exhibit a long cycling life with 70.8% capacity retention over 150 cycles at 0.1 C. This work can offer a new inspiration for designing advanced high sodium electrode materials via light element doping for future energy storage devices.
Solving the Annealing of Mo Interconnects for Next‐Gen Integrated Circuits
Authors: Erofeev Ivan , Hartanto Antony Winata , Saidov Khakimjon , Aabdin Zainul , Pacco Antoine , Philipsen Harold , Tjiu Weng Weei , Hui Hui Kim , Holsteyns Frank , Mirsaidov Utkur 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRecent surge in demand for computational power combined with strict constraints on energy consumption requires persistent increase in the density of transistors and memory cells in integrated circuits. Metal interconnects in their current form struggle to follow the size downscaling due to materials limitations at the nanoscale, causing severe performance losses. Next‐generation interconnects need new materials, and molybdenum (Mo) is considered the best choice, offering low resistivity, good scalability, and barrierless integration at a low cost. However, it requires annealing at temperatures far exceeding the currently accepted limit. In this work, the challenges of high‐temperature annealing of patterned Mo nanowires are looked into, and a new approach is presented to overcome them. It is demonstrated that while a conventional annealing process improves the average grain size, it can also reduce the cross‐section area, thus increasing the resistivity. Using high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with in situ heating, the evolution of structural features in real time is directly observed. Using insights from these experiments, a cyclic pulsed annealing method is developed, and it is shown that the desired grain structure is achieved in only a few seconds, without forming the surface grooves. These findings can radically facilitate Mo integration, boosting the efficiency of future integrated circuits.
Contemporary Impedance Analyses of Archetypical PM6:Y6 Bulk‐Heterojunction Blend
Authors: Tokmoldin Nurlan , Deibel Carsten , Neher Dieter , Shoaee Safa 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAn organic bulk heterojunction based on a blend of a conjugated polymer PBDB‐T‐2F (PM6) and a non‐fullerene acceptor BTP‐4F (Y6) has come forward in recent years as an archetypical system for the study of the operating principles of organic photovoltaic devices. One of the experimental techniques that has shown immense value in the study of this blend is impedance spectroscopy (IS). In spite of its relative simplicity, this method and its derivatives offer the possibility of diverse, all‐round characterization of materials and devices of interest. This Perspective summarizes recent research demonstrating the application of IS as a powerful method to obtain multifaceted information on PM6:Y6 and presents a current understanding of the experimental results. A description of general approaches employed in the processing of experimental data, including the Nyquist plots, capacitance spectra, and energy‐resolved electrochemical IS data, is supplemented by additional analysis, notably on characterization of non‐geminate recombination of free charge carriers and their transport in this groundbreaking organic blend. Finally, this work outlines the perspectives and limitations of IS in the study of future promising materials and devices.
Gas Diffusion Electrodes for Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Gaseous Ammonia: Stepping Over the Nitrogen Energy Canyon
Authors: Cechanaviciute Ieva A. , Kumari Bhawana , Alfes Lars M. , Andronescu Corina , Schuhmann Wolfgang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAs ammonia continues to gain more and more interest as a promising hydrogen carrier compound, so does the electrochemical ammonia oxidation reaction (AmOR). To avoid the liberation of H2 in a reverse Haber–Bosch reaction under release of the energetically more favorable N2, we propose the oxidation of ammonia to value‐added nitrite (NO2−), which is usually obtained during the Ostwald process. We investigated the anodic oxidation of gaseous ammonia directly supplied to a gas diffusion electrode (GDE) using a variety of compositionally different multi‐metal catalysts coated on Ni foam under the simultaneous formation of H2 at the cathode. This will double the amount of H2 per ammonia molecule while applying a lower overpotential than that required for water electrolysis (1.4–1.8 V vs. RHE at 50 mA ⋅ cm−2). A selectivity study demonstrated that some of the catalyst compositions were able to produce significant amounts of NO2−, and further investigations using the most promising catalyst composition Nif_AlCoCrCuFe integrated within a GDE demonstrated up to 88 % Faradaic efficiency for NO2− at the anode coupled to close to 100 % Faradaic efficiency for the cathodic H2 production.
Anodic H2O2 Generation in Carbonate‐Based Electrolytes—Mechanistic Insight from Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy
Authors: Li Lejing , Antony Rajini P. , Santos Carla Santana , Limani Ndrina , Dieckhöfer Stefan , Schuhmann Wolfgang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFor the anodic H2O2 generation, it has been shown that the electrolyte composition can steer the reaction pathway toward increased H2O2 generation. Previous efforts made on composition optimization found that the impact of the molar fraction of carbonate species varies for different anodes, and therefore, controversies remain concerning the reaction pathways as well as the species involved in H2O2 formation. Considering that water oxidation results in the liberation of protons within the anode microenvironment, the corresponding acidification would cause an equilibrium shift between carbonate species, which in turn may modulate the reaction pathway. We determined the changes in the fraction of carbonate species in the vicinity of an anode by performing local pH measurements using a Au nanoelectrode positioned in close proximity to an operating anode by shear‐force scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). It could be confirmed that the main anionic species at the interface is HCO3−, at potentials where H2O2 is preferentially formed, regardless of the pH value in the bulk. The simultaneous use of a Au−Pt double barrel microelectrode in generator‐collector SECM measurements demonstrates that the local HCO3− concentration is collectively determined by the oxidation current, buffer capacity, and bulk pH of the electrolyte.
Perovskite‐Like Liquid‐Crystalline Materials Based on Polyfluorinated Imidazolium Cations
Authors: Stergiou Anastasios , Leccioli Leonardo , Ricci Davide , Zaffalon Matteo L. , Brovelli Sergio , Bombelli Francesca Baldelli , Terraneo Giancarlo , Metrangolo Pierangelo , Cavallo Gabriella 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHybrid Organic‐Inorganic Halide Perovskites (HOIHPs) represent an emerging class of semiconducting materials, widely employed in a variety of optoelectronic applications. Despite their skyrocket growth in the last decade, a detailed understanding on their structure–property relationships is still missing. In this communication, we report two unprecedented perovskite‐like materials based on polyfluorinated imidazolium cations. The two materials show thermotropic liquid crystalline behavior resulting in the emergence of stable mesophases. The manifold intermolecular F ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ F interactions are shown to be meaningful for the stabilization of both the solid‐ and liquid‐crystalline orders of these perovskite‐like materials. Moreover, the structure of the incorporated imidazolium cation was found to tune the properties of the liquid crystalline phase. Collectively, these results may pave the way for the design of a new class of halide perovskite‐based soft materials.
The “Pull Effect” of a Hanging ZnII on Improving the Four‐Electron Oxygen Reduction Selectivity with Co Porphyrin
Authors: Han Jinxiu , Tan Huang , Guo Kai , Lv Haoyuan , Peng Xinyang , Zhang Wei , Lin Haiping , Apfel Ulf‐Peter , Cao Rui 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDue to the challenge of cleaving O−O bonds at single Co sites, mononuclear Co complexes typically show poor selectivity for the four‐electron (4e−) oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Herein, we report on selective 4e− ORR catalyzed by a Co porphyrin with a hanged ZnII ion. Inspired by Cu/Zn‐superoxide dismutase, we designed and synthesized 1‐CoZn with a hanging ZnII at the second sphere of a Co porphyrin. Complex 1‐CoZn is much more effective than its Zn‐lacking analogues to catalyze the 4e− ORR in neutral aqueous solutions, giving an electron number of 3.91 per O2 reduction. With spectroscopic studies, the hanging ZnII was demonstrated to be able to facilitate the electron transfer from CoII to O2, through an electronic “pull effect”, to give CoIII‐superoxo. Theoretical studies further suggested that this “pull effect” plays crucial roles in assisting O−O bond cleavage. This work is significant to present a new strategy of hanging a ZnII to improve O2 activation and O−O bond cleavage.
Highly efficient catalytic reduction of organic dyes, Cr (VI) and 4‐nitrophenol, and photocatalytic degradation of MB by an inorganic–organic hybrid polyoxometalate
Authors: Liu Zi‐Qing , Kong Ling‐Yan , Fei Bao‐Li 
Published: June 2024

It is urgent to remove various pollutants from the water environment. Therefore, an inorganic–organic hybrid polyoxometalate (POM) [PMoVI6MoV2VIV8O44{Co(2,2′‐bipy)2(H2O)}4]‐[PMoVI4MoV4VIV8O44{Co(2,2′‐bipy)2(H2O)}2]·4H2O (PMoVCo) was fully characterized by XRD, XPS, FTIR, SEM, BET and zeta potential techniques, and applied for the catalytic reduction of hazardous methylene blue (MB), methyl orange (MO), rhodamine B (RhB), Cr (VI) and 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP) in aqueous media over NaBH4 under mild condition. The removal ratios were 99.6% (MB, 2.5 min), 97.0% (MO, 3.0 min), 92.5% (RhB, 2.0 min), 89.2% (Cr (VI), 2.0 min) and 89.6% (4‐NP, 2.5 min), respectively. The pseudo‐first‐order rate constants of the reactions were 1.992 min−1 (MB), 0.810 min−1 (MO), 1.768 min−1 (RhB), 1.186 min−1 (Cr (VI)) and 0.934 min−1 (4‐NP), respectively. Additionally, PMoVCo exhibited satisfactory catalytic activity for the photo‐Fenton‐like degradation of MB at neutral pH under visible light irradiation with a degradation rate up to 99.9% in 480 min. The results of the recycling experiment prove that PMoVCo has high catalytic reusability. Moreover, the possible mechanisms of the catalytic reduction and degradation processes were proposed. The catalytic activities of PMoVCo are better than other inorganic–organic hybrid POMs. All the results of this study indicate that PMoVCo has the potential to be a satisfactory catalyst for wastewater remediation via reduction or photocatalytic degradation.
Enzymatic conversion of camellia seed oil into glycerol esters: Synthesis and characterization
Authors: Wu Jingzhi , Xiao Jingjing , Nie Suli , Chao Yan , Li Peiwang , Li Changzhu , Xiao Zhihong , Wu Hongmei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe conversion of triacylglycerols in edible oils into diacylglycerols (DAGs) is of great significance for obtaining products with health benefits. Camellia seed oil (C‐oil), which is rich in oleic acid and linoleic acid, is an excellent raw material for the production of DAGs. In this study, single factor optimization experiments were carried out for hydrolysis and esterification respectively. Using Lipozyme® RM IM as catalyst, the maximum percent of C‐oil hydrolysis reached 87.14% at the reaction temperature of 60°C, reaction time of 24 h, water content of 30% and enzyme addition amount of 4%. The maximum content of camellia seed oil diacylglycerol (C‐DAG) reached 62.49% under the conditions of Lipozyme® RM IM as catalyst, vacuum system, 3% enzyme addition, 2% water addition, reaction temperature of 50°C and substrate molar ratio of free fatty acid to glycerol of 1:1. The high content of DAG was obtained by a coupled method, which eliminated the purification steps and reduced production costs. C‐oil and C‐DAG have been characterized by GC, TG, DSC, and GC‐IMS. Our results showed that the enzymatic coupling method did not affect the structural of the substances, but did affect the crystallization and melting properties of the oils. Moreover, the taste of C‐DAG was more delicate than C‐oil. Finally, the reaction mechanism was analyzed using FTIR spectroscopy, revealing that C‐oil was primarily hydrolyzed into free fatty acids. C‐DAG exhibited ester C‐O stretching vibrations in the range 1280–1030 cm−1, indicating successful esterification reaction between camellia seed oil free fatty acids (C‐FFAs) and glycerol catalyzed by lipases.
Small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises' carbon footprint reduction initiatives as a catalyst for green jobs: A systematic review and comprehensive business strategy agenda
Authors: Olekanma Obafemi , Rodrigo Liyanage S. , Adu Douglas A. , Gahir Bruce 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMotivated by the growing attention on climate change, this study provides an up‐to‐date and comprehensive systematic literature review (SLR) on small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) carbon footprint reduction initiatives and green jobs. Based on datasets from databases that include Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest and Google Scholar, we conducted a SLR of 70 published articles spanning 2012 to 2022. Using VOSviewer and InfraNodus, bibliographic cluster analysis revealed the existence of three clusters namely; the role of green job initiatives and green human resource management in SMEs (cluster 1); green innovation, green Initiatives, green strategy and circular economy in SMEs (cluster 2); carbon footprint reduction initiatives, carbon performance, carbon management and carbon emission in SMEs (cluster 3). We found that SMEs adopt green supply chain, employing energy‐saving strategies, eco‐friendly waste reductions and recycling, circular economy, and green office practices. The study results indicate that these carbon footprint initiatives can lead to green job creation since green competences are required to implement green initiatives. However, value propositions relating to carbon reduction initiatives within SMEs need to be integrated with employee engagement. Additionally, the SLR identifies future research areas that include exploring the association among SMEs carbon footprint, green innovation and green jobs, and strategies to enhance climate change initiatives. Consequently, we call for future research to focus on the design of green jobs tracking and carbon footprint reduction reporting framework to support SMEs' green initiatives. The findings have key policy implications for SME owners, policymakers, practitioners and future researchers.