bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomised clinical trial: the efficacy and safety of pancreatin enteric‐coated minimicrospheres (Creon 40000 MMS) in patients with pancreatic exocrine insufficiency due to chronic pancreatitis ‐ a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Thorat V. , Reddy N. , Bhatia S. , Bapaye A. , Rajkumar J. S. , Kini D. D. , Kalla M. M. , Ramesh H. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryBackgroundPancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI) results in maldigestion, leading to abdominal pain, steatorrhoea, malnutrition and weight loss.AimTo assess the efficacy and safety of pancreatin (Creon 40000 MMS) in treating PEI due to chronic pancreatitis (CP).MethodsThis was a 1‐week, double‐blind, randomised, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐group, multicentre study in India. Men and women ≥18 years of age with proven CP and PEI [defined as a coefficient of fat absorption (CFA) ≤80% during run‐in phase] were randomised 1:1 to pancreatin or placebo (two capsules orally per main meal, one with snacks). The primary outcome measure was change in CFA from baseline to end of double‐blind treatment (analysis of covariance).ResultsOf 62 patients randomised (34 pancreatin, 28 placebo), 61 completed treatment; one patient in the placebo arm withdrew consent before completion. Patient characteristics were similar in both groups except for the proportion of men (pancreatin 82% vs. placebo 68%). Patients receiving pancreatin had a statistically significant greater improvement in fat absorption from baseline to the end of double‐blind treatment compared with those receiving placebo, with a least squares mean change (95% CI) in CFA of 18.5% (15.8–21.2) vs. 4.1% (1.0–7.2), respectively. This resulted in a treatment difference of 14.4% (10.3–18.5); P = 0.001. Patients receiving pancreatin also had a statistically significant greater improvement in nitrogen absorption and greater reductions in mean stool fat, stool frequency and stool weight compared with those receiving placebo. Treatment‐emergent adverse events occurred in 12 patients on pancreatin and in seven on placebo; none led to study discontinuation.ConclusionsThe results provide evidence for the efficacy of pancreatin (Creon 40000 MMS) in patients with pancreatic exocrine insufficiency due to chronic pancreatitis, and confirm that this formulation is well tolerated, with a good safety profile, at the dose administered.
Longitudinal variation in food sources and their use by aquatic fauna along a subtropical river in Taiwan
Authors: CHANG HAO‐YEN , WU SHENG‐HAI , SHAO KWANG‐TSAO , KAO WEN‐YUAN , MAA CAN‐JEN W. , JAN RONG‐QUEN , LIU LI‐LIAN , TZENG CHYNG‐SHYAN , HWANG JIANG‐SHIOU , HSIEH HWEY‐LIAN , KAO SHUH‐JI , CHEN YU‐KAI , LIN HSING‐JUH 
Published: July 2012

Summary1. River food webs rely on two major food sources: autochthonous primary production within the river and allochthonous organic matter transferred to the river. We characterised the consumer communities and assessed the food sources of dominant consumers along a subtropical mountainous river (the Lanyang River of north‐eastern Taiwan) at the catchment scale from the headwater to the estuary using natural abundances of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes.2. The downstream transport of fine particulate organic matter (FPOM) was two orders of magnitude greater than that of coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM). Transport of both materials increased from the headwater and reached a maximum in the midstream reach. CPOM composition exhibited a gradual shift from leaves and branches in the headwater, an area characterised by high canopy cover, to algae in the midstream reaches and marsh plants in the downstream reaches.3. Consumer communities can be classified into two regional categories: the upland category in the headwater and upstream and midstream reaches and the lowland category comprised of samples from the downstream reach and estuary. The upland category revealed a clear and gradual seasonal shift in community composition, but a seasonal shift was not apparent for the lowland category. Nutrient concentrations and water temperature were the main factors explaining longitudinal and seasonal variations.4. The use of sources of organic matter by dominant consumers along the Lanyang River was primarily determined by their availability. Riparian C3 plants were the major food sources in the headwater, upstream reach and estuary, but the contribution of periphyton increased in the upper midstream reach where the river flows through an agricultural area. In the lower midstream and downstream reaches, the contribution of riparian C4 plants became dominant.5. The trophic transfer of organic materials in the Lanyang River may be influenced by the fast current velocity and by sewage nutrient loading in the river, both of which have important implications for predicting how the functioning of subtropical river food webs will respond to human‐related changes in land use.
Liver transplant outcomes in HIV(+) haemophilic men
Authors: Ragni M. V. , DeVera M. E. , Roland M. E. , Wong M. , Stosor V. , Sherman K. E. , Hardy D. , Blumberg E. , Fung J. , Barin B. , Stablein D. , Stock P. G. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryHepatitis C virus infection is the major cause of end‐stage liver disease and the major indication for transplantation (OLTX), including among HIV‐HCV co‐infected individuals. The age of HCV acquisition differs between haemophilic and non‐haemophilic candidates, which may affect liver disease outcomes. The purpose of the study was to compare rates of pre‐ and post‐OLTX mortality between co‐infected haemophilic and non‐haemophilic subjects without hepatocellular cancer participating in the Solid Organ Transplantation in HIV Study (HIV‐TR). Clinical variables included age, gender, race, liver disease aetiology, BMI, antiretroviral therapy, MELD score, CD4 + cell count, HIV RNA PCR and HCV RNA PCR. Time to transplant, rejection and death were determined. Of 104 HIV‐HCV positive subjects enrolled, 34 (32.7%) underwent liver transplantation, including 7 of 15 (46.7%) haemophilic and 27 of 89 (30.3%) non‐haemophilic candidates. Although haemophilic subjects were younger, median 41 vs. 47 years, P = 0.01, they were more likely than non‐haemophilic subjects to die pre‐OLTX, 5 (33.3%) vs. 13 (14.6%), P = 0.03, and reached MELD = 25 marginally faster, 0.01 vs. 0.7 years, P = 0.06. The groups did not differ in baseline BMI, CD4, detectable HIV RNA, detectable HCV RNA, time to post‐OLTX death (P = 0.64), graft loss (P = 0.80), or treated rejection (P = 0.77). The rate of rejection was 14% vs. 36% at 1‐year and 36% vs. 43% at 3‐year, haemophilic vs. non‐haemophilic subjects, respectively, and post‐OLTX survival, 71% vs. 66% at 1‐year and 38% vs. 53% at 3‐year. Despite similar transplant outcomes, pretransplant mortality is higher among co‐infected haemophilic than non‐haemophilic candidates.
The effect of different ternary mixtures of sodium phosphates on hardness of processed cheese spreads
Authors: Buňka František , Doudová Lucie , Weiserová Eva , Kuchař Dalibor , Michálek Jaroslav , Slavíková Štěpánka , Kráčmar Stanislav 
Published: July 2012

SummaryThe aim of this study was to describe the dependence of hardness of processed cheeses on the proportion of disodium hydrogenphosphate (DSP), tetrasodium diphosphate (TSPP) and/or sodium salts of polyphosphate (POLY) in ternary mixtures of emulsifying salts. The samples were observed during a 30‐day storage period (at 6 °C). On the second day of storage, hardness of the samples with the individual DSP, TSPP or POLY were in the range of 1.65–1.83 N, 2.42–2.81 N and 5.98–6.53 N, respectively. Within zero or a very low proportion of POLY in the mixture, hardness of the processed cheeses increased rapidly (up to 14 N) at a specific ratio of DSP to TSPP in range of 1:1–3:4. Hardness of the samples containing the above‐mentioned specific ratio was decreasing with the rising content of POLY (up to 60%) in the ternary mixtures. Within the prevailing content of POLY in the ternary mixtures (more than 60%), the phenomenon of a specific ratio of DSP to TSPP was no longer observed. With the increasing storage period (up to 30 days), hardness of the processed cheeses was slightly rising (in range of 2–4 N).
Chemical and sensory characteristics of meat from Nellore and Crioulo Lageano breeds
Authors: Mitterer‐Daltoé Marina L. , Petry Fabiane C. , Wille Daniele F. , Treptow Rosa O. , Martins Vera M. V. , Queiroz Maria I. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryThis study aimed to describe and differentiate Crioulo Lageano and Nellore beef using chemical and sensory characteristics. Twenty‐four cattle were divided into two groups as follows: Nellore (12) and Crioulo Lageano (12). Six types of cuts were analysed: topside, rum cap, eye round, tenderloin, sirloin and rib eye. The Crioulo cuts had a higher (P ≤ 0.05) percentage of fat compared with the Nellore cuts with the exception of the sirloin and rib eye where no significant differences were found. Moreover, breed type influenced collagen variation. The total colour difference parameter indicated a significant colour difference between meats from the different breeds. A quantitative descriptive analysis showed differences in sensory attributes between breeds and cuts. The breed type had a significant effect on the fibre residue, bitter taste, chewiness and fat residue. According to the principal component analysis, certain sensory attributes provided 48.8% of the information about the Crioulo meat.
Computer‐ and web‐based interventions to promote healthy eating among children and adolescents: a systematic review
Authors: Hamel Lauren M. , Robbins Lorraine B. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAimsTo: (1) determine the effect of computer‐ and web‐based interventions on improving eating behavior (e.g. increasing fruit and vegetable consumption; decreasing fat consumption) and/or diet‐related physical outcomes (e.g. body mass index) among children and adolescents; and (2) examine what elements enhance success.BackgroundChildren and adolescents are the heaviest they have ever been. Excess weight can carry into adulthood and result in chronic health problems. Because of the capacity to reach large audiences of children and adolescents to promote healthy eating, computer‐ and web‐based interventions hold promise for helping to curb this serious trend. However, evidence to support this approach is lacking.DesignSystematic review using guidelines from the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care Group.Data sourcesThe following databases were searched for studies from 1998–2011: CINAHL; PubMed; Cochrane; PsycINFO; ERIC; and Proquest.Review methodsFifteen randomized controlled trials or quasi‐experimental studies were analysed in a systematic review.ResultsAlthough a majority of interventions resulted in statistically significant positive changes in eating behavior and/or diet‐related physical outcomes, interventions that included post intervention follow‐up, ranging from 3–18 months, showed that changes were not maintained. Elements, such as conducting the intervention at school or using individually tailored feedback, may enhance success.ConclusionComputer‐ and web‐based interventions can improve eating behavior and diet‐related physical outcomes among children and adolescents, particularly when conducted in schools and individually tailored. These interventions can complement and support nursing efforts to give preventive care; however, maintenance efforts are recommended.
The relation of the subjective dyspnoea perception with objective dyspnoea indicators, quality of life and functional capacity in patients with COPD
Authors: Akinci Ayse Cil , Pinar Rukiye , Demir Tuncalp 
Published: July 2012

Aims and objectives.  The study was conducted to determine the relationship between the subjective dyspnoea perception and objective dyspnoea indicators, quality of life and functional capacity.Background.  Even though dyspnoea severity is generally assessed through objective parameters such as respiratory functions and arterial blood gases, studies indicate that subjectively perceived dyspnoea is not always consistent with objective dyspnoea indicators. For that reason, it is necessary to assess the changes caused by dyspnoea on quality of life and on functional capacity in addition to objective dyspnoea indicators to assess subjective dyspnoea in the most accurate way in patients with COPD.Design.  A correlational study.Methods.  The subjective dyspnoea was evaluated via the Basal Dyspnea Index and Visual Analog Scale, whereas objective dyspnoea was evaluated through respiratory function tests and arterial blood gases, which are physiological measurements. The quality of life was assessed with SF‐36 and St. George’s Respiratory Diseases Questionnaire. Functional capacity was evaluated with the six‐minute walking distance test.Results.  Basal Dyspnea Index score was associated with respiratory functions (FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC), arterial blood gases (SaO2, PaO2, pH), the quality of life and functional capacity, while Visual Analog Scale score was not associated with these measurements.Conclusions.  Subjective dyspnoea severity assessed by Basal Dyspnea Index is related to the objective dyspnoea indicators, quality of life and functional capacity. In the assessment of dyspnoea, Basal Dyspnea Index is an appropriate measure, whereas Visual Analog Scale is not. In the light of these results, we recommend that Basal Dyspnea Index should be used in the assessment of dyspnoea in patients with COPD.Relevance to clinical practice.  We conclude that dyspnoea will be evaluated in the most accurate and short way with the Basal Dyspnea Index. In addition, the effects of dyspnoea on quality of life and functional capacity will be predicted by Basal Dyspnea Index.
The meaning of the lived experiences of adults with intellectual disabilities in a Swedish institutional care setting: a reflective lifeworld approach
Authors: Hallrup Leena Berlin 
Published: July 2012

Aims and objectives. This study describes the meaning of the lived experiences of adults with intellectual disabilities in a Swedish institutional care setting.Background. Despite the general intention of the Swedish law to give care and support for adults with intellectual disabilities in small settings in the community, large institutional care settings exist in Sweden. It is also known that adults with intellectual disabilities have more influence over their care and support when living in small settings than in large institutions. There is a dearth research in regard to studies that focus on how adults with intellectual disabilities experiences their everyday life in such settings.Design. A qualitative design was used to gain a deeper understanding of the lived experiences of adults with intellectual disabilities in an institutional care setting in Sweden.Methods. Fieldwork from September 2006 to June 2009 in an institutional care setting including participant observation and in‐depth interviews with 12 residents was used. Verbatim‐transcribed text was analysed using a phenomenological reflective lifeworld approach.Results. The essential picture of the phenomenon was experienced ‘as a meaningful and meaningless existence’ and was reflected in residents’ descriptions of their everyday life in the setting. It was characterised by the constituents: ambiguous dependency, social interactions and everyday life in a restricted area.Conclusion. The results reveal the importance of paying close attention to what adults with intellectual disabilities have to say about their everyday life when living in an institutional care setting. For caring practices of people with intellectual disabilities, it is scarcely satisfactory that residents experience an ambivalent dependency and of having to live in a restricted area.Relevance to clinical practice. The results of this study contribute to better insight and deeper knowledge of the lived experiences of adults with intellectual disabilities, enabling the staff and management to further enhance the well‐being for residents. In addition, the findings provide feedback to staff, managers and researchers working in the intellectual disabilities field.
Testing the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research on health care innovations from South Yorkshire
Authors: Ilott Irene , Gerrish Kate , Booth Andrew , Field Becky 
Published: July 2012

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesThere is an international imperative to implement research into clinical practice to improve health care. Understanding the dynamics of change requires knowledge from theoretical and empirical studies. This paper presents a novel approach to testing a new meta theoretical framework: the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.MethodThe utility of the Framework was evaluated using a post hoc, deductive analysis of 11 narrative accounts of innovation in health care services and practice from England, collected in 2010. A matrix, comprising the five domains and 39 constructs of the Framework was developed to examine the coherence of the terminology, to compare results across contexts and to identify new theoretical developments.ResultsThe Framework captured the complexity of implementation across 11 diverse examples, offering theoretically informed, comprehensive coverage. The Framework drew attention to relevant points in individual cases together with patterns across cases; for example, all were internally developed innovations that brought direct or indirect patient advantage. In 10 cases, the change was led by clinicians. Most initiatives had been maintained for several years and there was evidence of spread in six examples. Areas for further development within the Framework include sustainability and patient/public engagement in implementation.ConclusionOur analysis suggests that this conceptual framework has the potential to offer useful insights, whether as part of a situational analysis or by developing context‐specific propositions for hypothesis testing. Such studies are vital now that innovation is being promoted as core business for health care.
Meeting the needs of families and carers on acute psychiatric wards: a nurse‐led service
Authors: RADCLIFFE J. J. L. , ADESHOKAN E. O. , THOMPSON P. C. , BAKOWSKI A. J. 
Published: July 2012

Accessible summary
Families and carers of inpatients often have little contact with ward staff.
A nurse‐led service was set up to address this issue.
Families were highly satisfied with the service they received.
AbstractThe needs of families and carers are often not met by the busy staff on inpatient units. A nurse‐led family and carers service was set up on three adult acute psychiatric wards. A four‐session protocol was developed for structuring sessions with families and carers. Methods of engaging reluctant carers were developed. Satisfaction rates are high. Families and carers value the emotional support, improved communication, help and advice. About one quarter are referred on for further input after discharge. A nurse‐run service for the families and carers can make a significant difference to those who use it, providing support, creating a working alliance and improving the two‐way exchange of information.
Sleep and sleepiness in children with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder and controls
Authors: WIEBE SABRINA , CARRIER JULIE , FRENETTE SONIA , GRUBER REUT 
Published: July 2012

SummaryThe present study assessed the association between habitual sleep patterns and one night of PSG measured sleep with daytime sleepiness in children with ADHD and typically developing children. Eighty‐two children (26 ADHD, 56 typically developing children), between 7 and 11 years, had nighttime sleep recorded using actigraphy over five nights (habitual sleep patterns) and polysomnography during one night (immediate sleep patterns), both within their home environments. Daytime sleepiness was examined using the multiple sleep latency test within a controlled laboratory setting the following day. Using Spearman correlations, the relationships between mean sleep latencies on the multiple sleep latency test and scores on a modified Epworth Sleepiness Scale with polysomnographic measures of sleep quality and architecture and with actigraphic sleep quality measures were examined. Longer sleep latency, measured using polysomnography and actigraphy, was related to longer mean sleep latencies on the multiple sleep latency test in typically developing participants, whereas actigraphic measures of sleep restlessness (time awake and activity during the night), as well as time in slow‐wave sleep, were positively related to mean sleep latency on the multiple sleep latency test in children with ADHD. These results show a differential relationship for children with ADHD and typically developing children between habitual and immediate sleep patterns with daytime sleepiness and suggest that problems initiating and maintaining sleep may be present both in nighttime and daytime sleep.
Cyclical vomiting syndrome in children: a prospective study
Authors: Drumm B. R. , Bourke B. , Drummond J. , Mcnicholas F. , Quinn S. , Broderick A. , Taaffe S. , Twomey J. , Rowland M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackground  Cyclical vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a disorder that affects all ages and is characterized by episodes of severe nausea and vomiting with symptom‐free intervals between episodes. The incidence in children is 3.15/100 000 children per year. Our objective was to evaluate the natural history of CVS and examine factors that predict symptom resolution.Methods  Thirty newly diagnosed children (mean 9.15 years, SD 3.31 range 3.5–15.7) were enrolled. All children had a follow‐up interview at 3 months, 27/30 at 6 months, and 22/30 at 9 months.Key Results  Following diagnosis of CVS, only 5/22(22.7%) children had no further episodes of vomiting at 9 months, whereas 17/22 (77.3%) continued to vomit. In the year prior to diagnosis, 15/30 (50%) children were admitted to hospital. Of the 22 children with follow‐up for 9 months, only one child required hospital admission. Children who continued to vomit had higher internalizing scores on CBCL compared with those who stopped vomiting (P = NS). The Pediatric Quality‐of‐Life Score suggested those who continued to vomit had a poorer quality of life at diagnosis compared with those who stopped vomiting (P < 0.05).Conclusions & Inferences  Making a positive diagnosis of CVS and providing families with information is very important in the management of CVS. Although 75% of children reported regular episodes of vomiting 9 months after diagnosis, there was a significant reduction in the frequency and severity of symptoms in addition to a marked reduction in the use of medical services.
A zinc finger protein gene ZFP5 integrates phytohormone signaling to control root hair development in Arabidopsis
Authors: An Lijun , Zhou Zhongjing , Sun Lili , Yan An , Xi Wanyan , Yu Nan , Cai Wenjuan , Chen Xiaoya , Yu Hao , Schiefelbein John , Gan Yinbo 
Published: July 2012

SummaryAlthough root hair development in Arabidopsis thaliana has been extensively studied, it remains unknown whether the zinc finger proteins, the largest family of transcription factors in plants, are involved in this process. Here we report that the C2H2 zinc finger protein ZINC FINGER PROTEIN 5 (ZFP5) is a key regulator of root hair initiation and morphogenesis in Arabidopsis. ZFP5 is mainly expressed in root and preferentially in root hair cells. Using both zfp5 mutants and ZFP5 RNAi lines, we show that reduction in ZFP5 function leads to fewer and much shorter root hairs compared to wild‐type. Genetic and molecular experiments demonstrate that ZFP5 exerts its effect on root hair development by directly promoting expression of the CAPRICE (CPC) gene. Furthermore, we show that ZFP5 expression is induced by cytokinin, and that ZFP5 mediates cytokinin and ethylene effects on the formation and growth of root hairs. These results suggest that ZFP5 integrates various plant hormone cues to control root epidermal cell development in Arabidopsis.