bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Truffle volatiles: from chemical ecology to aroma biosynthesis
Authors: Splivallo Richard , Ottonello Simone , Mello Antonietta , Karlovsky Petr 
Published: November 2010

SummaryTruffles (Tuber spp.) are symbiotic fungi that develop underground in association with plant roots. Food connoisseurs describe their scent as sensual, seductive and unique. These mysterious fungi, however, do not produce their aroma for the mere pleasure of humans. Truffle volatiles act as odorant cues for mammals and insects which are thus able to locate the precious fungi underground and spread their spores. They also freely diffuse in the soil and mediate interactions with microorganisms and plant roots, potentially regulating a complex molecular dialogue among soil fauna and flora. The aim of this review is to synthesize 30 yr of research on truffle volatiles, spanning fields of study from chemical ecology to aroma biosynthesis. Specific aspects of truffle volatile ecology and biology will be discussed, including which species have been studied so far and for what purpose, what ecological role has been demonstrated or speculated to exist for specific truffle volatiles, which volatiles are common or unique to certain species and what their biosynthetic route might be. Future challenges in truffle aroma research will also be addressed, focusing on how high‐throughput post‐genomic technologies may advance our understanding of truffle aroma biosynthesis and chemical ecology.
Holographic String Encoding
Authors: Hannagan Thomas , Dupoux Emmanuel , Christophe Anne 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn this article, we apply a special case of holographic representations to letter position coding. We translate different well‐known schemes into this format, which uses distributed representations and supports constituent structure. We show that in addition to these brain‐like characteristics, performances on a standard benchmark of behavioral effects are improved in the holographic format relative to the standard localist one. This notably occurs because of emerging properties in holographic codes, like transposition and edge effects, for which we give formal demonstrations. Finally, we outline the limits of the approach as well as its possible future extensions.
Largemouth bass predators reduce growth, feeding and movement in juvenile channel catfish
Authors: Fine M. L. , Mayo M. S. , Newton S. H. , Sismour E. N. 
Published: November 2010

Fine ML, Mayo MS, Newton SH, Sismour EN. Largemouth bass predators reduce growth, feeding and movement in juvenile channel catfish. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2011: 20: 114–119. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/SAbstract – Animals utilise sensory cues to make decisions that will decrease their vulnerability to predation. With a well‐developed olfactory system and taste buds located inside the mouth and on the external body surface, catfishes are excellent subjects to investigate nonconsumptive predator effects. Juvenile channel catfishIctalurus punctatusare often eaten by largemouth bassMicropterus salmoides, and we tested the hypothesis that largemouth bass fed catfish would adversely affect foraging and growth in channel catfish. Groups of catfish were placed in tanks partitioned by a mesh screen: experimental tanks had a largemouth bass on the other half of the tank, and control tanks had an empty chamber. Experimental catfish exhibited a long‐term decrease in spontaneous motion, feeding and growth. Feeding catfish to the bass caused the experimental catfish to freeze after a multi‐second latency suggesting transport of an alarm cue. Thus, there were long‐term effects from the continuous presence of the bass and additional short‐term cues from the bass consuming a catfish.
Breast is Best? Exposing the Myths of Breastfeeding
Authors: Rumbelow Helen 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Mothers are constantly urged to breastfeed; but how strong is the evidence that it is better than formula milk? Our article, by Helen Rumbelow, examines the evidence for this piece of received wisdom. It was runner-up in the Royal Statistical Society's awards for statistical excellence in journalism for 2010.
Possible relationship between periodontitis and dementia in a North Indian old age population: a pilot study
Authors: Rai Balwant , Kaur Jasdeep , Anand S. C. 
Published: November 2010

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2010.00441.xPossible relationship between periodontitis and dementia in a North Indian old age population: a pilot studyBackground:  Periodontitis and cognitive impairment or dementia is relatively common among older adults. Few cross‐sectional studies and some longitudinal studies have attempted to link oral health with dementia diagnosis or disease pathology but none has investigated the role of inflammation as a potential mediator.Objectives:  This study was planned to establish a relation of inflammatory mediators between periodontitis and dementia.Materials and methods:  Fifty‐five patients with severe periodontitis (range 60–69 years), 20 with dementia (10:10 M:F; range 59–69) and 32 healthy controls (range 58–69 years) were selected. The socio‐demographic characteristics, physical health, oral health, education status, and medical status were measured. Serum C‐reactive protein (CRP), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐8, MMP‐9, total IGF‐I, free IGF‐I and TNF‐alpha and GCF MMP‐8 &MMP‐9 were calculated.Results:  There was no significant difference between the three groups in the level of education, age, occupation, BMI, CAD, CHF and diabetes except dentate status. After adjusting for age, significant differences were found between patients and controls with respect to gingival inflammation, dental plaque, bleeding on probing and probing pocket depth. Total counts of WBCs, neutrophils, thrombocytic counts and serum CRP, MMP‐8, MMP‐9, TNF‐alpha levels were significantly higher in dementia and periodontitis patients in contrast to healthy controls, while, RBC counts, total IGF‐I and Hb levels were lowered in dementia and periodontitis patients in comparison to healthy controls, although higher in dementia as compared to periodontitis patients.Conclusions:  This study data suggest a relationship of inflammatory mediators between periodontitis and dementia. Further exploration of this is warranted.
Institutional challenges for integrated river basin management in Langat River Basin, Malaysia
Authors: Mokhtar Mazlin Bin , Toriman Mohd Ekhwan Hj. , Hossain Md. Abdullah Abraham , Tan Kok Weng 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis paper reports on a study of the institutional challenges and factors affecting policy processes and outcomes of integrated river basin management (IRBM) in the Langat River Basin (LRB), Malaysia. A case study approach using institutional analysis and development (IAD) framework was used, and field observations and interviews with local stakeholders of LRB were carried out. The study revealed that polycentric institutional arrangements under the Federal administration are likely capable of coordinating and integrating river basin management by extending the scope of an iterative learning through participation of individual stakeholder at the lowest appropriate level. There should also be an iterative learning mechanism within the interorganizational network for IRBM in LRB. This learning approach is conceptualized as social learning and accordingly a framework is recommended for LRB. The findings of this study would be useful to those who are concerned with successful IRBM implementation in LRB and elsewhere.
Taxonomy of the genusAmblyjoppaCameron (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ichneumoninae) from Korea
Authors: JEONG Jong‐Chul , CHA Jin‐Yeol , CHOI Jin‐Kyung , LEE Jong‐Wook 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA taxonomy of the genusAmblyjoppaCameron in Korea is presented. We have discoveredA. basalis(Uchida, 1925) andA. oiwakensis(Matsumura, 1912) for the first time in Korea. A key, redescriptions and photographs of diagnostic characters and habitus of known KoreanAmblyjoppaspecies are provided.
Animated Beings: Enlightenment Entomology for Girls
Authors: GEORGE SAM 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis short exploration of Enlightenment entomology for girls draws on the epistolary and dialogic form that was so crucial to young women's engagement with natural science in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Through these two genres a number of topics that are central to the dissemination of entomology for girls are surveyed: ambivalence towards female book‐learning; epistolarity and sociability; empiricist methods of microscopy and classification in entomological texts; the gendered aesthetics of entomology; religious and ethical issues over conduct, utility and cruelty to animals; and further aesthetic concerns over didacticism and imagination raised by the Romantics.
Effects of administration of iron isomaltoside 1000 in patients with chronic heart failure. A pilot study
Authors: HILDEBRANDT PER R. , BRUUN NIELS E. , NIELSEN OLAV W. , PANTEV EMIL , SHIVA FARZAD , VIDEBÆK LARS , WIKSTRÖM GERHARD , THOMSEN LARS L. 
Published: November 2010

SUMMARYIntravenous iron preparations have shown benefit in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and iron deficiency. Iron isomaltoside 1000 (Monofer) is a novel intravenous iron compound with low immunological activity of the isomaltoside and low free‐iron‐related toxicity. The primary objective of this open‐label, non‐comparative, multicenter pilot study was to test the safety of iron isomaltoside 1000 in patients with CHF and anemia. In addition, its effect on markers of iron deficiency, anemia and on quality of life was assessed. Twenty patients with CHF and iron deficiency anemia attended six visits during the 8‐week study period. Iron isomaltoside 1000 was infused at baseline (mean dose 868 mg, range 650–1000 mg). No treatment‐related adverse reactions, no acute anaphylactic or delayed allergic reactions and no clinically significant changes in routine clinical laboratory safety tests or vital signs were observed. Markers of iron deficiency, anemia and quality of life improved from baseline with increase in mean value of 49% at 4 weeks in overall quality of life. Iron isomaltoside 1000 administered as a fast single infusion without a test dose to patients with CHF improved quality‐of‐life assessments and was well tolerated in this pilot safety study.
Environmental Sampling for Salmonella spp. in Colorado Animal Shelters
Authors: Steneroden K. K. , Hill A. E. , Salman M. D. 
Published: November 2010

Summary Salmonella enterica is an important zoonotic agent and nosocomial infections and epidemics have occurred in animal facilities. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of Salmonella in the environment in animal shelters. From 12 to 25 samples were taken from each shelter to represent environmental contamination. Samples were collected from surfaces in areas used by animals and in public access areas including animal receiving rooms, kennels, paediatric wards, treatment, visitation rooms, isolation, euthanasia, outdoor runs and play areas, reception rooms, animal transport vehicles, offices, break rooms and restrooms. Samples were tested for Salmonella and compared within shelters to identify high‐ and low‐risk areas; and between shelters to identify differences in environmental contamination by geographical location, infection control policies, and shelter size characteristics. Twenty‐eight per cent of sampled Colorado shelters had environmental Salmonella contamination. Two regions in the eastern 1/3 of the state had prevalences of 30% and 100%. Within‐shelter sample prevalence ranged from 0 to 100%. Results of this study indicate that animal shelters can be frequently contaminated with Salmonella spp., a variety of Salmonella species may be present, contamination can be widespread within a facility and recovered isolates may harbour antibiotic resistance The findings from this study may influence and help focus educational policy on issues of infection control and zoonotic disease awareness in animal shelters.
Analysis of instrumental observations of the Jesenice meteorite fall on April 9, 2009
Authors: SPURNÝ Pavel , BOROVIČKA Jiří , KAC Javor , KALENDA Pavel , ATANACKOV Jure , KLADNIK Gregor , HEINLEIN Dieter , GRAU Thomas 
Published: November 2010

Abstract– We report an analysis of instrumental observations of a very bright fireball which terminated with a meteorite fall near the town of Jesenice in Slovenia on April 9, 2009, at 0h59m46s UT. The fireball designated EN090409 was recorded photographically and photoelectrically by two southern stations of the Czech part of the European Fireball Network (EN). Simultaneously, a part of the luminous trajectory was also captured by two all‐sky CCD systems and one video camera of the Slovenian meteor network. In addition to these optical recordings, the sonic booms produced by the Jesenice fireball were detected at 16 seismic stations located within 150 km of the trajectory. From all these records, we reconstructed the fireball’s atmospheric trajectory, basic geophysical data, the possible impact area, and the original heliocentric orbit of the meteoroid. Using a detailed fireball light curve, we modeled the atmospheric fragmentation of the meteoroid. Both the atmospheric behavior and the heliocentric orbit proved to be quite normal in comparison with other observed meteorite falls. The Jesenice orbit is markedly different from the Příbram and Neuschwanstein orbital meteorite pair, which fell on similar dates (April 7, 1959, and April 6, 2002, respectively). Three meteorites with a total weight of 3.6 kg (until April 2010) were found in a high mountain area near the town of Jesenice. They are classified as L6 ordinary chondrites (Bischoff et al. 2010).
African 2, a Clonal Complex of
Mycobacterium bovis
Epidemiologically Important in East Africa
Authors: Berg Stefan , Garcia-Pelayo M. Carmen , Müller Borna , Hailu Elena , Asiimwe Benon , Kremer Kristin , Dale James , Boniotti M. Beatrice , Rodriguez Sabrina , Hilty Markus , Rigouts Leen , Firdessa Rebuma , Machado Adelina , Mucavele Custodia , Ngandolo Bongo Nare Richard , Bruchfeld Judith , Boschiroli Laura , Müller Annélle , Sahraoui Naima , Pacciarini Maria , Cadmus Simeon , Joloba Moses , van Soolingen Dick , Michel Anita L. , Djønne Berit , Aranaz Alicia , Zinsstag Jakob , van Helden Paul , Portaels Françoise , Kazwala Rudovick , Källenius Gunilla , Hewinson R. Glyn , Aseffa Abraham , Gordon Stephen V. , Smith Noel H. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT

We have identified a clonal complex of
Mycobacterium bovis
isolated at high frequency from cattle in Uganda, Burundi, Tanzania, and Ethiopia. We have named this related group of
M. bovis
strains the African 2 (Af2) clonal complex of
M. bovis.
Af2 strains are defined by a specific chromosomal deletion (RDAf2) and can be identified by the absence of spacers 3 to 7 in their spoligotype patterns. Deletion analysis of
M. bovis
isolates from Algeria, Mali, Chad, Nigeria, Cameroon, South Africa, and Mozambique did not identify any strains of the Af2 clonal complex, suggesting that this clonal complex of
M. bovis
is localized in East Africa. The specific spoligotype pattern of the Af2 clonal complex was rarely identified among isolates from outside Africa, and the few isolates that were found and tested were intact at the RDAf2 locus. We conclude that the Af2 clonal complex is localized to cattle in East Africa. We found that strains of the Af2 clonal complex of
M. bovis
have, in general, four or more copies of the insertion sequence IS
6110
, in contrast to the majority of
M. bovis
strains isolated from cattle, which are thought to carry only one or a few copies.
In Vitro
Selection of Clinically Relevant Bevirimat Resistance Mutations Revealed by “Deep” Sequencing of Serially Passaged, Quasispecies-Containing Recombinant HIV-1
Authors: Knapp David J. H. F. , Harrigan P. Richard , Poon Art F. Y. , Brumme Zabrina L. , Brockman Mark , Cheung Peter K. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT

Initial
in vitro
studies of bevirimat resistance failed to observe mutations in the clinically significant QVT motif in SP1 of HIV-1
gag
. This study presents a novel screening method involving mixed, clinically derived
gag-protease
recombinant HIV-1 samples to more accurately mimic the selection of resistance seen
in vivo
. Bevirimat resistance was investigated via population-based sequencing performed with a large, initially antiretroviral-naïve cohort before (
n
= 805) and after (
n
= 355) standard HIV therapy (without bevirimat). The prevalence of any polymorphism in the motif comprising Q, V, and T was ∼6%, 29%, and 12%, respectively, and did not change appreciably over the course of therapy. From these samples, three groups of 10 samples whose bulk sequences were wild type at the QVT motif were used to generate
gag-protease
recombinant viruses that captured the existing diversity. Groups were mixed and passaged with various bevirimat concentrations for 9 weeks.
gag
variations were assessed by amplicon-based “deep” sequencing using a GS FLX sequencer (Roche). Unscreened mutations were present in all groups, and a V370A minority not originally detected by bulk sequencing was present in one group. V370A, occurring together with another preexisting, unscreened resistance mutation, was selected in all groups in the presence of a bevirimat concentration above 0.1 μM. For the two groups with V370A levels below consistent detectability by deep sequencing, the initial selection of V370A required 3 to 4 weeks of exposure to a narrow range of bevirimat concentrations, whereas for the group with the V370A minority, selection occurred immediately. This approach provides quasispecies diversity that facilitates the selection of mutations observed in clinical trials and, coupled with deep sequencing, could represent an efficient
in vitro
screening method for detecting resistance mutations.
Role of the Vacuolar-ATPase in Sindbis Virus Infection
Authors: Hunt Sabrina R. , Hernandez Raquel , Brown Dennis T. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT

Bafilomycin A
1
is a specific inhibitor of the vacuolar-ATPase (V-ATPase), which is responsible for pH homeostasis of the cell and for the acidification of endosomes. Bafilomycin A
1
has been commonly used as a method of inhibition of infection by viruses known or suspected to follow the path of receptor-mediated endocytosis and low-pH-mediated membrane fusion. The exact method of entry for Sindbis virus, the prototype alphavirus, remains undetermined. To further investigate the role of the V-ATPase in Sindbis virus infection, the effects of bafilomycin A
1
on the infection of BHK and insect cells by Sindbis virus were studied. Bafilomycin A
1
was found to block the expression of a virus-encoded reporter gene in both infection and transfection of BHK cells. The inhibitory effects of bafilomycin A
1
were found to be reversible. The results suggest that in BHK cells in the presence of bafilomycin A
1
, virus RNA enters the cell and is translated, but replication and proper folding of the product proteins requires the function of the V-ATPase. Bafilomycin A
1
had no significant effect on the outcome of infection in insect cells.
Effect of FKBP65, a putative elastin chaperone, on the coacervation of tropoelastin in vitro
Authors: Cheung Kevin L.Y. , Bates Matthew , Ananthanarayanan Vettai S. 
Published: November 2010

FKBP65 is a protein of the endoplasmic reticulum that is relatively abundant in elastin-producing cells and is associated with tropoelastin in the secretory pathway. To test an earlier suggestion by Davis and co-workers that FKBP65 could act as an intracellular chaperone for elastin, we obtained recombinant FKBP65 (rFKBP65) by expressing it in E. coli and examined its effect on the coacervation characteristics of chicken aorta tropoelastin (TE) using an in vitro turbidimetric assay. Our results reveal that rFKBP65 markedly promotes the initiation of coacervation of TE without significantly affecting the temperature of onset of coacervation. This effect shows saturation at a 1:2 molar ratio of TE to rFKBP65. By contrast, FKBP12, a peptidyl prolyl isomerase, has a negligible effect on TE coacervation. Moreover, the effect of rFKBP65 on TE coacervation is unaffected by the addition of rapamycin, an inhibitor of peptidyl prolyl isomerase (PPIase) activity. These observations rule out the involvement of the PPIase activity of rFKBP65 in modulating the coacervation of TE. Additional experiments using a polypeptide model of TE showed that rFKBP65, while promoting coacervation, may retard the maturation of this model polypeptide into larger aggregates. Based on these results, we suggest that FKBP65 may act as an elastin chaperone in vivo by controlling both the coacervation and the maturation stages of its self-assembly into fibrils.
The Cretaceous post-rift basin configuration of the northern North Sea
Authors: Gabrielsen Roy H. , Kyrkjebø Rune , Faleide Jan Inge , Fjeldskaar Willy , Kjennerud Tomas 
Published: November 2010

The present analysis suggests that three stages can be identified in the post-rift Cretaceous development of the northern North Sea, namely the incipient (Ryazanian–latest Albian), the middle (Cenomanian–late Turonian) and the mature (early Coniacian–early Palaeocene). The transition from syn-to post-rift configuration was strongly diachronous, suggesting that the thermal state of the system was not homogeneous at the onset of the post-rift stage. This is supported by observed differences between the early post-rift subsidence histories of the southern Viking Graben, the Stord Basin and the Sogn Graben.
The incipient post-rift stage was characterized by diverse subsidence. The major structural features inherited from the syn-rift basin (e.g. crests of rotated fault blocks, relay ramps and sub-platforms) had a strong influence on the basin configuration and, therefore, the sediment distribution. In the middle stage the internal basin relief became gradually drowned by sediments. This is typical for basins where sediment supply outpaces or balances subsidence, as was the case in the northern North Sea. Thus, the influence of the syn-rift basin topography become subordinate to the subsidence pattern which was determined by the crustal thinning profile which, in turn, relies on thermal contraction and isostatic/elastic response to sediment loading. The mature post-rift stage was characterized by the evolution into a wide, saucer-shaped basin where the syn-rift features finally became erased. Since thermal equilibrium was reached at this stage, subsidence ceased, and the pattern of basin filling became, to a larger degree, dependent on extra-basinal processes. This simple pattern was influenced by the structural inhomogeneity of the basin. This inhomogeneity may have included the graben units, in turn related to contrasting geometries of the lithospheric structure.
The incipient stage of post-rift development was halted by relative uplift/deceleration of subsidence, locally corresponding to 200 m. This is ascribed to a hitherto undescribed thermo-tectonic event. The mechanism of this event is not yet known.