bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crosswind thresholds supporting wake‐vortex‐free corridors for departing aircraft
Authors: Dengler K. , Holzäpfel F. , Gerz T. , Wiegele A. , De Visscher I. , Winckelmans G. , Bricteux L. , Fischer H. , Konopka J. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractDuring two field measurement campaigns aircraft wake vortex trajectory and wind measurement data have been collected at Frankfurt airport. Three different approaches have been used to analyse the data in order to estimate crosswind threshold values supporting vortex‐free corridors for departing aircraft. Although several competing effects such as wake vortex transport in and out of ground effect, temporal and spatial wind variability, and the spreading of aircraft trajectories after take‐off, complicate the analyses, all three approaches lead to similar crosswind thresholds. Employing standard instrumentation at 10 m, a minimum crosswind threshold of 3.5–4.6 m s−1 has been identified to clear a safety corridor of 150 m width from wake vortices with a 95% probability within 60 s. Alternative estimations of crosswind thresholds employing different instrumentation and different height ranges are reported. Crosswind thresholds can be reduced if the wind is measured close to the air mass in which the vortices evolve. A definite crosswind threshold for operational use cannot be deduced solely from this study since critical factors such as risk and safety assessment have not yet been taken into account. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
1‐Oxo‐1,3‐dithiolanes—synthesis and stereochemistry
Authors: Pihlaja Kalevi , Sinkkonen Jari , Stájer Gezá , Koch Andreas , Kleinpeter Erich 
Published: May 2011

Abstract1‐Oxo‐1,3‐dithiolane (4) and its cis‐ and trans‐2‐methyl (5,6), ‐4‐methyl (7,8) and ‐5‐methyl (9,10) derivatives were prepared by oxidizing the corresponding 1,3‐dithiolanes (1–3) with NaIO4 in water. The oxides were purified and their isomers separated using thin layer chromatography. The structural characterization was carried out with 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and molecular modelling. The sulfoxides 4–6 and 8–10 attain two S(1) type envelopes (sometimes slightly distorted) the SOax envelope greatly dominating. Cis‐4‐methyl‐1‐oxo‐1,3‐dithiolane is a special case exhibiting both two closely related SOax (30 and 27%) as well as SOeq (21 and 22%) forms [S(1) and C(4) envelopes, respectively]. The relative energies of these conformations, the values of 1H‐1H coupling constants and 1H and 13C chemical shifts were estimated by computational methods and they support well the conclusions based on the experimental data. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure elucidation of the dye Acid Red 131: complete 1H, 13C and 15N NMR data assignment
Authors: Schievano Elisabetta , Menegazzo Ileana , Marotta Ester , Mammi Stefano 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe chemistry of dyes and pigments is relevant to the textile industry, because of the importance to establish the best conditions for the finishing process and to understand the interactions among various compounds to yield the correct hue and nuances. For this reason, the molecular structure of a monoazo acid dye, C.I. Acid Red 131, was elucidated and characterized by homo‐ and hetero‐nuclear NMR, MS, IR and UV spectroscopy techniques. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The First Evidence for Leprosy in Early Mediaeval Scotland: Two Individuals from Cemeteries in St. Andrews, Fife, Scotland, with Evidence for Normal Burial Treatment
Authors: Lunt D. A. 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTThe study of skeletal material recovered from excavations at two distinct early mediaeval cemeteries in St. Andrews, Scotland, resulted in the diagnosis of one individual from each cemetery as having had facies leprosa (leprosy). Radiocarbon dating gave a likely date in the 8th century ad for the Hallow Hill skeleton, and the Kirkhill skull was probably from the same period. Both skulls displayed the full range of classic signs of facies leprosa. The bone changes were slightly different in the two, the maxillary alveolus having been more severely affected in the Hallow Hill skull, whereas the posterior palatal area showed greater damage in the skull from Kirkhill. The skeletons were not segregated but buried in the middle of cemeteries used for the general population, thus supporting previous research in both the history of medicine and human bioarchaeology that suggests that people with leprosy were not necessarily stigmatised in the past. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Brilliant imaging
Authors: Jedamzik Ralf 
Published: May 2011

AbstractImproving the light transmittance of a glass by only a few percent can have a tremendous effect on the quality of an optical system. The optical position and chemical composition of the glass, as well as the choice of raw materials and production principles, determine the absorption rate. This article provides an overview of how the technical demands of high‐end applications influence modern glass production.
Fiber optics for laser cooling and trapping
Authors: Knothe Christian , Oechsner Ulrich 
Published: May 2011

AbstractOver the last two decades, the interest in the investigation of atoms at ultralow temperatures has increased substantially, as is reflected in the number of Nobel prizes awarded during this time. The major focus has shifted from primarily cooling down atoms as close as possible to absolute zero and towards the experimental investigation of these already cooled atoms. Fiber‐optical components designed for the accomplishment of these goals assist researchers all over the world in concentrating their experimental effort on their endeavours with ultra‐cold atoms.
What is a ‘secure base’ when death is approaching? A study applying attachment theory to adult patients' and family members' experiences of palliative home care
Authors: Milberg A. , Wåhlberg R. , Jakobsson M. , Olsson E‐C. , Olsson M. , Friedrichsen M. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectiveAttachment theory has received much interest lately in relation to how adults cope with stress and severe illness. The aim of this study was using the experiences of patients and family members to explore palliative home care as a ‘secure base’ (a central concept within the theory).MethodsTwelve patients and 14 family members were interviewed during ongoing palliative home care. The interviews were analysed with deductive qualitative content analysis.ResultsInformants expressed the relevance of sensing security during palliative home care because death and dying were threats that contributed to vulnerability. Palliative home care could foster a feeling of security and provide a secure base. This was facilitated when informants had trust in staff (e.g. due to availability and competence in providing symptom relief), felt recognised as individuals and welcomed to contact the team in times of needs. Being comfortable, informed and having an everyday life also contributed to a perception of palliative home care as a secure base. Family members stressed the importance of being relieved from responsibilities that were too heavy. The underlying meanings of experiencing palliative home care as a secure base involved gaining a sense of control and of inner peace, perceiving that despite a demanding and changed life situation, one could continue partially being oneself and having something to hope for, even if this no longer concerned cure for the ill person.ConclusionsImportant aspects of palliative home care as providing a secure base were identified and these have implications for clinical practice. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Behind closed doors II: systematic analysis of prostate cancer patients' primary treatment consultations with radiation oncologists and predictors of satisfaction with communication
Authors: Hack Thomas F. , Ruether J. Dean , Pickles Tom , Bultz Barry D. , Chateau Dan , Degner Lesley F. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this investigation was to explicate the content of primary treatment consultations in prostate oncology and examine the predictive relationships between patient, significant other, and oncologist consultation factors and patient satisfaction with communication.MethodsThe recorded consultations of 156 newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients from three Canadian cancer centers were examined using the Medical Interaction Process System (MIPS). The MIPS findings, independent observer ratings of patient, significant other, and oncologist affective behavior, and derived consultation ratios of patient centeredness, patient directedness, and psychosocial focus, were used to predict patient satisfaction with communication post‐consultation and at 12‐weeks post‐consultation.ResultsBiomedical content categories were predominant in the consultations, accounting for 86% of utterances, followed by administrative (9%) and psychosocial (5%) utterances. Post‐consultation satisfaction with communication was significantly lower for patients whose significant others were rated as more assertive during the consultation, and those rated as more anxious during the consultation. Patients who were rated as more anxious during the consultation, those with lower satisfaction with communication immediately post‐consultation and those with shorter consultations were significantly less satisfied with communication at 12‐weeks post‐consultation.ConclusionsAdjuvant treatment consultations in prostate oncology are characterized by a high degree of information‐giving by the physician, a predominance of biomedical discussion, and relatively minimal time addressing patients' psychosocial concerns. Patients may benefit from oncologists who address anxiety and emotional distress during the primary treatment consultation, allowing sufficient time to ensure that patients leave the consultation with their communication needs having been satisfied. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of the highest occupied molecular orbital energy level of the donor material on the effectiveness of the anode buffer layer in organic solar cells
Authors: Bernède J. C. , Cattin L. , Djobo S. Ouro , Morsli M. , Kanth S. R. B. , Patil S. , Leriche P. , Roncali J. , Godoy A. , Diaz F. R. , del Valle M. A. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractEfficiency of organic photovoltaic cells based on organic electron donor/organic electron acceptor junctions can be strongly improved when the transparent conductive Anode is coated with a Buffer Layer (ABL). Here, the effects of a metal (gold) or oxide (molybdenum oxide) ABL are reported, as a function of the Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO) of different electron donors. The results indicate that a good matching between the work function of the anode and the highest occupied molecular orbital of the donor material is the major factor limiting the hole transfer efficiency. Indeed, gold is efficient as ABL only when the HOMO of the organic donor is close to its work function ΦAu. Therefore we show that the MoO3 oxide has a wider field of application as ABL than gold.
Resonant multiple diffraction of light in 3D opal‐like photonic crystals
Authors: Fedotov V. G. , Sel'kin A. V. , Ukleev T. A. , Men'shikova A. Yu. , Shevchenko N. N. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractPropagation of electromagnetic waves in spatially confined three‐dimensional (3D) photonic crystals (PhCs) of high dielectric contrast is studied for the case when the regime of the multiple Bragg diffraction (MBD) is of importance. The Bragg reflection spectra of opal‐like PhCs made up of polystyrene spheres are measured. Detailed comparison of the eigenmode energy spectrum with the measured and calculated reflectance contours is performed. The complicated structure of the Bragg reflection spectra is shown to be due to the additional eigenmodes excited resonantly by diffraction of light from the crystal planes inclined to the lateral ones.
Phase I control chart based on a kernel estimator of the quantile function
Authors: Mercado Gary R. , Conerly Michael D. , Perry Marcus B. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractTo measure the statistical performance of a control chart in Phase I applications, the in‐control average run length (ARL) is the most frequently used parameter. In typical start up situations, control limits must be computed without knowledge of the underlying distribution of the quality characteristic. Assumptions of an underlying normal distribution can increase the probability of false alarms when the underlying distribution is non‐normal, which can lead to unnecessary process adjustments. In this paper, a control chart based on a kernel estimator of the quantile function is proposed. Monte Carlo simulation was used to evaluate the in‐control ARL performance of this chart relative to that of the Shewhart individuals control chart. The results indicate that the proposed chart is more robust to deviations in the assumed underlying distribution (with respect to the in‐control ARL) and results in an alternative method of designing control charts for individual units. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structures, vibrational frequencies, topologies, and energies of hydrogen bonds in cysteine‐formaldehyde complexes
Authors: Yu Lei , Wang Yuhua , Huang Zhengguo , Wang Hongke , Dai Yumei 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe hydrogen bonding interactions between cysteine (Cys) and formaldehyde (FA) were studied with density functional theory regarding their geometries, energies, vibrational frequencies, and topological features of the electron density. The quantum theory of atoms in molecules and natural bond orbital analyses were employed to elucidate the interaction characteristics in the Cys‐FA complexes. The intramolecular hydrogen bonds (H‐bonds) formed between the hydroxyl and the N atom of cysteine moiety in some Cys‐FA complexes were strengthened because of the cooperativity. Most of intermolecular H‐bonds involve the O atom of cysteine/FA moiety as proton acceptors, while the strongest H‐bond involves the O atom of FA moiety as proton acceptor, which indicates that FA would rather accept proton than providing one. The H‐bonds formed between the CH group of FA and the S atom of cysteine in some complexes are so weak that no hydrogen bonding interactions exist among them. In most of complexes, the orbital interaction of H‐bond is predominant during the formation of complex. The electron density (ρb) and its Laplace (∇2ρb) at the bond critical point significantly correlate with the H‐bond parameter δR, while a linearly relationship between the second‐perturbation energyE(2) and ρbhas been found as well. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2012
EUROPEAN SILVER EEL MIGRATION AND FISHERIES‐INDUCED MORTALITY IN THE HAVEL RIVER SYSTEM (GERMANY)
Authors: Simon J. , Berends K. , Dörner H. , Jepsen N. , Fladung E. 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTBy using acoustic telemetry, the behaviour and fishery mortality of silver eels Anguilla anguilla (L.) were studied during the early phase of the spawning migration through the Havel River downstream to the river Elbe. A total of 99 female silver eels were implanted with acoustic transmitters and released at two locations in the Havel River system in autumn 2007. Tag recaptures by fisheries were used to assess fishery mortality. Most eels continued their downstream migration immediately after release during October–November in the year of release. However, some eels continued their downstream migration the following spring or autumn; only a few eels migrated in winter and summer. Tagged eels reached the river Elbe from 2 days to more than 1 year after tagging. Fishing efficiency was very high, and by the end of December 2008, only 8% of the tagged eels had reached the river Elbe, whereas 25% were reported caught by commercial fishers and 2% by recreational fishers. The remaining 65% of the tagged eels were unaccounted for at the end of the study period. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Charge referencing issues in XPS of insulators as evidenced in the case of Al‐Si‐N thin films
Authors: Pélisson‐Schecker A. , Hug H. J. , Patscheider J. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAccurate charge referencing in XPS of insulating specimens is a delicate issue. This difficulty is illustrated in the case of Al‐Si‐N composite thin films deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering with variable composition from pure aluminum nitride to pure silicon nitride. The samples were mounted with Au‐coated metallic clamps. Argon sputter cleaning was required to remove a surface native oxide before analysis. For charge referencing implanted argon atoms from the sputter gas and a small amount of gold re‐deposited from the metallic clamps onto the specimen surface during sputter cleaning were evaluated. For the argon atoms, a surprisingly large chemical shift (∼1 eV) and a significant peak broadening (0.6 eV) of the Ar 2p3/2 photoelectron line were found with varying the Si content of the films. This could be related to chemical and structural changes of the Al‐Si‐N films. Hence implanted argon could not be used for charge referencing of Al‐Si‐N samples. In contrast to the implanted argon, the Au 4f7/2 line width of the gold re‐deposited onto the sample surface did not depend on the Si content of Al‐Si‐N films. A constant energy shift (∼1.2 eV) of the Au 4f7/2 line as compared with bulk gold was, however, found, which was related to the size of gold particles formed on the insulating films. Therefore gold could be reliably used to study chemical shifts of sample‐relevant species in Al‐Si‐N films, but the absolute binding energies of Al 2p, Si 2p and N 1s photoelectrons could not be determined. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrical and structural properties of Pd/V/n‐type InP (111) Schottky structure as a function of annealing temperature
Authors: Naik S. Sankar , Rajagopal Reddy V. , Choi Chel‐Jong , Bae Jong‐Seong 
Published: May 2011

AbstractPalladium/Vanadium (Pd/V) Schottky structures are fabricated on n‐type InP (100) and the electrical, structural and surface morphological characteristics have been studied at different annealing temperatures. The extracted barrier height of as‐deposited Pd/V/n‐InP Schottky diode is 0.59 eV (I–V) and 0.79 eV (C–V), respectively. However, the Schottky barrier height of the Pd/V Schottky contact slightly increases to 0.61 eV (I–V) and 0.84 eV (C–V) when the contact is annealed at 200 °C for 1 min. It is observed that the Schottky barrier height of the contact slightly decreases after annealing at 300, 400 and 500 °C for 1 min in N2 atmosphere. From the above observations, it is clear that the electrical characteristics of Pd/V Schottky contacts improve after annealing at 200 °C. This indicates that the optimum annealing temperature for the Pd/V Schottky contact is 200 °C. Basing on the auger electron spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction results, the formation of Pd‐In intermetallic compound at the interface may be the reason for the increase of barrier height upon annealing at 200 °C. The formation of phosphide phases at the Pd/V/n‐InP interface could be the reason for the degradation in the barrier heights after annealing at 300, 400 and 500 °C. From the AFM results, it is evident that the overall surface morphology of the Pd/V Schottky contacts is fairly smooth. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of gel‐instillation sonography on Doppler ultrasound findings in endometrial polyps
Authors: Van Den Bosch T. , Van Schoubroeck D. , Luts J. , Bignardi T. , Condous G. , Epstein E. , Leone F. P. , Testa A. C. , Valentin L. , Van Huffel S. , Bourne T. , Timmerman D. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectiveSaline infusion sonohysterography has been reported to suppress the color signal within the endometrium at color or power Doppler evaluation. The aim of this study was to evaluate if gel‐instillation sonography (GIS) affects the power Doppler signal in patients with endometrial polyps.MethodsUltrasound volumes of the uterus, obtained by three‐dimensional ultrasound imaging of 25 women with histologically confirmed endometrial polyps, were assessed offline by six gynecologists with a special interest in gynecological ultrasound. Each woman contributed four volumes: one gray‐scale volume and one power Doppler volume before GIS, and one gray‐scale volume and one power Doppler volume at GIS. Power Doppler features before and after gel infusion were compared.ResultsAt unenhanced ultrasound a pedicle artery was seen in 27–46% of cases, whereas, after gel infusion the examiners reported a pedicle artery in 30–46% of cases (Exact McNemar's test P‐values ranged from 0.50 to 1.00). The level of agreement between unenhanced ultrasound and GIS ranged from 59 to 91% (Cohen's kappa values ranged from 0.17 to 0.79). There was no tendency for a pedicle artery to be identified less often at GIS than before gel instillation.ConclusionGel infusion does not affect the power Doppler signal in patients with endometrial polyps. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rethinking visual scene perception
Authors: Intraub Helene 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA classic puzzle in understanding visual scene perception is how to reconcile the physiological constraints of vision with the phenomenology of seeing. Vision captures information via discrete eye fixations, interrupted by saccadic suppression, and limited by retinal inhomogeneity. Yet scenes are effortlessly perceived as coherent, continuous, and meaningful. Two conceptualizations of scene representation will be contrasted. The traditional visual‐cognitive model casts visual scene representation as an imperfect reflection of the visual sensory input alone. By contrast, a new multisource model casts visual scene representation in terms of an egocentric spatial framework that is ‘filled‐in’ by visual sensory input, but also by amodal perception, and by expectations and by constraints derived from rapid‐scene classification and object‐to‐context associations. Together, these nonvisual sources serve to ‘simulate’ a likely surrounding scene that the visual input only partially reveals. Pros and cons of these alternative views will be discussed.WIREs Cogn Sci2012, 3:117–127. doi: 10.1002/wcs.149This article is categorized under:Psychology > Perception and Psychophysics