bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary Amine‐Thioureas based on tert‐Butyl Esters of Natural Amino Acids as Organocatalysts for the Michael Reaction
Authors: Kokotos Christoforos G. , Kokotos George 
Published: May 2009

Abstractmagnified imageA new class of primary amine‐thioureas based on tert‐butyl esters of (S)‐α‐amino acids and (1S,2S)‐diphenylethylenediamine was synthesized and their activity as catalysts in Michael additions was evaluated. Derivatives based on di‐tert‐butyl aspartate and tert‐butyl O‐tert‐butyl threoninate provided the product of the reaction between trans‐β‐nitrostyrene and acetone in quantitative yield and high enantioselectivity (87–91% ee). All the thioureas based on tert‐butyl esters of amino acids catalyzed the reaction of nitroolefins with acetophenone with high enantioselectivity (92–98% ee). Thus, low‐cost, commercially available tert‐butyl esters of natural amino acids are very important chiral building blocks for the construction of novel chiral thioureas able to catalyze asymmetric Michael additions with high enantioselectivity.
Efficient Hydroformylation in Dense Carbon Dioxide using Phosphorus Ligands without Perfluoroalkyl Substituents
Authors: Koeken Ard C. J. , Benes Nieck E. , van den Broeke Leo J. P. , Keurentjes Jos T. F. 
Published: May 2009

Abstractmagnified imageRhodium catalysts modified with triphenylphosphine, triphenyl phosphite, and tris(2,4‐di‐tert‐butylphenyl) phosphite have been evaluated for their performance in the hydroformylation of 1‐octene using carbon dioxide as the solvent. It is demonstrated that these catalysts are very efficient for the hydroformylation in carbon dioxide, although they are not designed for use in this medium. In particular, the catalyst prepared in situ from dicarbonyl(2,4‐pentanedione)rhodium(I) and tris(2,4‐di‐tert‐butyl‐phenyl) phosphite gave rise to an initial turnover frequency in excess of 3×104 molaldehyde molRh h−1. Such a reaction rate is unprecedented for hydroformylation in supercritical carbon dioxide‐rich reaction mixtures.
A New Regeneration System for Oxidized Nicotinamide Cofactors
Authors: Aksu Seda , Arends Isabel W. C. E. , Hollmann Frank 
Published: May 2009

Abstractmagnified imageA novel regeneration system for oxidized nicotinamide cofactors (NAD+ and NADP+) is presented. By combining 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzthiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid (ABTS)‐catalyzed oxidation of NAD(P)H with laccase‐catalyzed utilization of molecular oxygen as terminal oxidant, a simple chemo‐enzymatic NAD(P)+ regeneration method is achieved. Thus, the advantages of both worlds, chemical oxidation of reduced nicotinamide cofactors and laccase‐catalyzed utilization of oxygen from air are combined in a simple and generally applicable new approach for biooxidation catalysis. This new application of the well‐known laccase‐mediator system (LMS) is successfully used to promote alcohol dehydrogenase‐catalyzed oxidation reactions of primary and secondary alcohols. Already under non‐optimized conditions, high turnover numbers of >300 and >16000 were obtained for the nicotinamide cofactor and ABTS, respectively. In this communication, we present the proof‐of‐principle and initial characterization of the proposed new regeneration system.
Asymmetric Hydrogenation of α,β‐Unsaturated Ester‐ Phosphonates
Authors: Huang Yange , Berthiol Florian , Stegink Bart , Pollard Michael M. , Minnaard Adriaan J. 
Published: May 2009

Abstractmagnified imageThe rhodium‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of readily available α,β‐unsaturated ester‐phosphonates affords the corresponding α‐chiral phosphonates in excellent yield and ee. The resulting products are useful multifunctional building blocks applied in the synthesis of physiologically active compounds.
Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Addition of Terminal Alkynes to β‐Imino Esters: An Efficient and Direct Method in the Synthesis of Chiral β3‐Alkynyl β2,2‐Dimethyl Amino Acid Derivatives
Authors: Wang Jun , Shao Zhihui , Yu Kai Ding Wing Yiu , Chan Albert S. C. 
Published: May 2009

Abstractmagnified imageThe first catalytic asymmetric addition of terminal alkynes to β‐imino esters was carried out using chiral copper(I) complexes as catalysts under mild reaction conditions, providing an efficient and direct synthetic approach to β3‐alkynyl β2,2‐dimethyl amino esters with yields of 73–97% and 48–90% ee. The rich chemistry of the alkynyl functionality makes the present method a powerful and versatile approach to a wide range of optically active β2,2‐dimethyl amino acid derivatives.
Highly Enantioselective Organocatalytic syn‐ and anti‐Aldol Reactions in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Raj Monika , Parashari Gopal S. , Singh Vinod K. 
Published: May 2009

Abstractmagnified imageWe have synthesized chiral diamines that efficiently catalyze the syn‐ and anti‐aldol reactions in aqueous medium with high diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities. The product, thus obtained, was further reduced selectively to give syn‐configured 1,2,3‐triol, an important subunit present in various monosaccharides and natural products such as (+)‐boronolide.
Iron‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Terminal Alkynes with Vinyl Iodides
Authors: Xie Xin , Xu Xiaobing , Li Hongfeng , Xu Xiaolei , Yang Jingyu , Li Yanzhong 
Published: May 2009

Abstractmagnified imageA convenient iron‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reaction of terminal alkynes with vinyl iodides is reported. The reaction was applicable to various acetylenes and vinyl iodides. The present reaction provides an efficient, environmentally friendly protocol to afford conjugated enyne derivatives in good to excellent yields under mild conditions.
Deep desulfurization of transportation fuels by characteristic reaction resided in adsorbents
Authors: Wang Sheng‐Qiang , Zhou Li , Su Wei , Sun Yan , Zhou Yaping 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA method for deep desulfurization of transportation fuels was presented. Reactive conversion of sulfur compounds and the following adsorption occurred inside adsorbents. The condensation reaction with formaldehyde catalyzed by phosphomolybdic acid was shown effective for the removal of thiophenic and benzothiophenic compounds. Thiophene or benzothiophene of model fuels was completely removed. Coupling with an oxidation reaction, the total sulfur content of commercial fuels was dropped to below 15 ppm. Appropriate desulfur condition was at 70–80°C and ambient pressure without consumption of hydrogen. Saturated adsorbent was regenerated with heating in air at 400°C, and the sulfur capacity was almost fully recovered. Fuel quality was not negatively affected by the desulfur operation. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
A new approach to describe high‐pressure adsorption isotherms in subcritical and supercritical conditions
Authors: Chilev Ch. , Weinberger B. , Passarello J. Ph. , Lamari F. Darkrim , Pentchev I. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn this article, we present a new approach to describe adsorption equilibrium of pure gases in a wide range of pressure. This approach is based on a simple statistical mechanics treatment combining the potential theory and lattice fluid models. The obtained equation for the calculation of the excess adsorption can predict the curve progression of isotherms defined by the IUPAC I classification, and for those at supercritical conditions. Notwithstanding that the basic idea of the developed equation is to adapt to the adsorption equilibrium in supercritical conditions at high pressure, the model correlates very well experimental data at low pressure in subcritical conditions. It is applicable to a wide range of pressures and fits satisfactorily the experimental data in a broad range of pressures and temperatures. In particular, the model predicts the maximum of excess adsorption and its minimum. A comparison between this approach and two others is given. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Separation of dyes using composite carbon membranes
Authors: Sachdeva Sonny , Kumar Anil 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA composite, clay supported carbon membrane has been synthesized by carbonization of a blend of polyethylene glycol and phenol formaldehyde resin and the membrane thus obtained is characterized by separation of dyes. This membrane is subjected to permeability test using pure water which is found to be considerably higher than that reported in literature. It is subsequently shown to reject Acid Orange 7 dye from water with the rejection dependent on pressure and concentration of the dye which is typical phenomenon observed for a charged membrane. The separation data has been analyzed using the Space charge model and the membrane charge is estimated by minimizing the root mean square error between the experimental results and those calculated from the model. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Drying‐induced surface roughening of polymeric coating under periodic air blowing
Authors: Yamamura Masato , Uchinomiya Tetsuro , Mawatari Yoshihide , Kage Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWe carried out numerical simulations of drying‐induced surface roughening of a moving liquid layer under periodic air blowing conditions. Using spatially non‐uniform Biot number profiles along the coating surface, the solutions of coupled diffusion/heat transfer equations reveal a periodic growth and relaxation in concentration gradients in the vicinity of the liquid–gas interface. The resultant interfacial stress variations promote particular asymmetric surface topographies that grow and level in a sequential manner. The unique surface roughness is identified by considering time scales required for the web motion, the stress‐induced surface evolution, and the pressure‐driven leveling. Predicted drying maps represent the surface roughening behavior as regions in parameter space. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Measuring hydrate/ice deposition in a flow loop from dissolved water in live liquid condensate
Authors: Nicholas Joseph W. , Koh Carolyn A. , Sloan E. Dendy , Nuebling Lee , He Helen , Horn Bob 
Published: May 2009

AbstractExperiments were conducted to investigate hydrate/ice plugging and deposition mechanisms from water dissolved in a liquid condensate system, using a single‐pass flow loop. Two different hydrate/ice plugging mechanisms were observed. Hydrate/ice deposition from a dissolved‐water phase resulted in a lengthwise uniform/dispersed deposit and a gradual pressure drop increase. The dispersed deposit acted as insulation at the flow loop wall, and the deposit began to propagate downstream. However, cooling below the liquid‐water saturation curve resulted in free water coalescence, and a localized hydrate/ice restriction in the flow loop. This localized restriction resulted in a rapid pressure drop increase. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Flexible design‐planning of supply chain networks
Authors: Laínez José Miguel , Kopanos Georgios , Espuña Antonio , Puigjaner Luis 
Published: May 2009

AbstractNowadays market competition is essentially associated to supply chain (SC) improvement. Therefore, the locus of value creation has shifted to the chain network. The strategic decision of determining the optimal SC network structure plays a vital role in the later optimization of SC operations. This work focuses on the design and retrofit of SCs. Traditional approaches available in literature addressing this problem usually utilize as departing point a rigid predefined network structure which may restrict the opportunities of adding business value. Instead, a novel flexible formulation approach which translates a recipe representation to the SC environment is proposed to solve the challenging design‐planning problem of SC networks. The resulting mixed integer linear programming model is aimed to achieve the best NPV as key performance metric. The potential of the presented approach is highlighted through illustrative examples of increasing complexity, where results of traditional rigid approaches and those offered by the flexible framework are compared. The implications of exploiting this potential flexibility to improve the SC performance are highlighted and are the subject of our further research work. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Simulation of polymer melt processing
Authors: Denn Morton M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPolymer melt processing requires an integration of fluid mechanics and heat transfer, with unique issues regarding boundary conditions, phase change, stability and sensitivity, and melt rheology. Simulation has been useful in industrial melt processing applications. This brief overview is a personal perspective on some of the issues that arise and how they have been addressed. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Occupational blood exposure among unlicensed home care workers and home care registered nurses: Are they protected?
Authors: Lipscomb J. , Sokas R. , McPhaul K. , Scharf B. , Barker P. , Trinkoff A. , Storr C. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the risk of blood exposure among personnel providing care to individual patients residing at home. The objective of this study was to document and compare blood exposure risks among unlicensed home care personal care assistants (PCAs) and home care registered nurses (RNs).MethodsPCAs self‐completed surveys regarding blood and body fluid (BBF) contact in group settings (n = 980), while RNs completed mailed surveys (n = 794).ResultsPCAs experience BBF contact in the course of providing care for home‐based clients at a rate approximately 1/3 the rate experienced by RNs providing home care (8.1 and 26.7 per 100 full time equivalent (FTE), respectively), and the majority of PCA contact episodes did not involve direct sharps handling. However, for PCAs who performed work activities such as handling sharps and changing wound dressings, activities much more frequently performed by RNs, PCAs were at increased risk of injury when compared with RNs (OR = 7.4 vs. 1.4) and (OR = 6.3 vs. 2.5), respectively.ConclusionBoth PCAs and RNs reported exposures to sharps, blood, and body fluids in the home setting at rates that warrant additional training, prevention, and protection. PCAs appear to be at increased risk of injury when performing nursing‐related activities for which they are inexperienced and/or lack training. Further efforts are needed to protect home care workers from blood exposure, namely by assuring coverage and enforcement of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Bloodborne Pathogen Standard [Occupational Safety and Health Administration. 1993. Frequently Asked Questions Concerning the Bloodborne Pathogens Standard. Available at: http://www. osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=INTERPRETATIONS &p_id=21010#Scope. Accessed May 30, 2008]. Am. J. Ind. Med. 52:563–570, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ergonomic and socioeconomic risk factors for hospital workers' compensation injury claims
Authors: Boyer Jon , Galizzi Monica , Cifuentes Manuel , d'Errico Angelo , Gore Rebecca , Punnett Laura , Slatin Craig 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackgroundHospital workers are a diverse population with high rates of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). The risk of MSD leading to workers' compensation (WC) claims is likely to show a gradient by socioeconomic status (SES) that may be partly explained by working conditions.MethodsA single community hospital provided workforce demographics and WC claim records for 2003–2005. An ergonomic job exposure matrix (JEM) was developed for these healthcare jobs from direct observation of physical workload and extraction of physical and psychosocial job requirements from the O*NET online database. Occupational exposures and SES categories were assigned to workers through their O*NET job titles. Univariate and multivariate Poisson regression analyses were performed to estimate the propensity to file an injury claim in relation to individual factors, occupational exposures, and SES.ResultsThe jobs with the highest injury rates were nurses, semi‐professionals, and semi‐skilled. Increased physical work and psychological demands along with low job tenure were associated with an increase in risk, while risk decreased with psychosocial rewards and supervisor support. Both occupational and individual factors mediated the relationship between SES and rate of injury claims.ConclusionsPhysical and organizational features of these hospital jobs along with low job tenure predicted WC injury claim risk and explained a substantial proportion of the effects of SES. Further studies that include lifestyle risk factors and control for prior injuries and co‐morbidities are warranted to strengthen the current study findings. Am. J. Ind. Med. 52:551–562, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Invisible work, unseen hazards: The health of women immigrant household service workers in Spain
Authors: Ahonen Emily Q. , López‐Jacob María José , Vázquez María Luisa , Porthé Victoria , Gil‐González Diana , García Ana María , Ruiz‐Frutos Carlos , Benach Joan , Benavides Fernando G. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackgroundHousehold service work has been largely absent from occupational health studies. We examine the occupational hazards and health effects identified by immigrant women household service workers.MethodsExploratory, descriptive study of 46 documented and undocumented immigrant women in household services in Spain, using a phenomenological approach. Data were collected between September 2006 and May 2007 through focus groups and semi‐structured individual interviews. Data were separated for analysis by documentation status and sorted using a mixed‐generation process. In a second phase of analysis, data on psychosocial hazards were organized using the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire as a guide.ResultsInformants reported a number of environmental, ergonomic and psychosocial hazards and corresponding health effects. Psychosocial hazards were especially strongly present in data. Data on reported hazards were similar by documentation status and varied by several emerging categories: whether participants were primarily cleaners or carers and whether they lived in or outside of the homes of their employers. Documentation status was relevant in terms of empowerment and bargaining, but did not appear to influence work tasks or exposure to hazards directly.ConclusionsFemale immigrant household service workers are exposed to a variety of health hazards that could be acted upon by improved legislation, enforcement, and preventive workplace measures, which are discussed. Am. J. Ind. Med. 53:405–416, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Asbestos‐related disease among sheet metal workers 1986–2004: Radiographic changes over time
Authors: Welch Laura S. , Haile Elizabeth 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackgroundIn 1985, the Sheet Metal Workers International Association and the Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning National Association formed The Sheet Metal Occupational Health Institute Trust (SMOHIT) to examine the health hazards of the sheet metal industry. Between 1986 and 2004 18,211 individuals were examined. At the time of the first examination 9.6% of all participants (1,745) had findings consistent with parenchymal disease (ILO > 1/0), and 21% (3,827) had pleural scarring.Methods2181‐Two thousand hundred eighty‐one who had no radiographic evidence of pneumoconiosis on baseline examination underwent a second examination.ResultsBy the second examination, 5.3% had developed parenchymal disease on chest radiograph; an additional 12.4% had developed pleural scarring without parenchymal disease. Factors that predicted new cases of pneumoconiosis on radiograph were the calendar year the worker entered the sheet metal trade, smoking, and shipyard work. Forty‐seven percent of those smoking at the time of initial exam reported having quit smoking by the second examination.ConclusionsAsbestosis is still occurring 50 years after first exposure. Exposed workers benefit from medical screening programs that incorporate smoking cessation. Am. J. Ind. Med. 52:519–525, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic analysis of Parkin in early onset Parkinson's disease (PD): Novel intron 9 g > a single nucleotide polymorphism and risk of Taiwanese PD
Authors: Wu Yih‐Ru , Wu Chun‐Hsien , Chao Chih‐Ying , Kuan Chun‐Chieh , Zhang Wan‐Ling , Wang Cheng‐Kuang , Chang Chun‐Yuh , Chang Yi‐Chun , Lee‐Chen Guey‐Jen , Chen Chung‐Mei 
Published: May 2009

AbstractEarly onset Parkinson's disease (PD) has been associated with mutations in Parkin. We screened Parkin mutations in a cohort of Taiwanese early onset PD using direct cDNA sequencing. Two deletions (Ex2‐3del and Ex5del), one point mutation (R334C), one 86‐bp IVS9 insertion (c.1084intron+), and two polymorphisms (S167N and V380L) were identified. The mutations identified are heterozygous and none of the mutation carriers possess two Parkin mutations. The c.1084intron+ was due to a novel IVS9 g > a change. To assess the association of IVS9 g > a, S167N and V380L with the risk of PD, we conducted a case–control study in a cohort of PD and ethnically matched controls. Although the difference is not significant, the V380L C allele frequency was notably lower in PD patients than the controls and a trend toward decrease in risk of developing PD was evident (odds ratio: 0.71, 95% confidence interval: 0.53–0.97, P = 0.029). Contrarily the IVS9 g > a a allele frequency was notably higher in PD patients than the controls and a trend toward increase in risk of developing PD was also evident (odds ratio: 1.65, 95% confidence interval: 1.06–2.59, P = 0.028). Quantitative real‐time PCR showed that the relative Parkin c.1084intron+ mRNA expression was increased in PD patients with IVS9 ga genotype as compared to gg genotype. Pairwise genotype analysis revealed that IVS9 gg genotype strengthens the negative association of the V380L GC genotype with PD (odds ratio: 0.67, 95% confidence interval: 0.48–0.94, P = 0.021). The results of Parkin mutation/polymorphism screening may contribute to our understanding of PD. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evidence for epistasis between SLC6A4 and a chromosome 4 gene as risk factors in major depression
Authors: Neff Chris D. , Abkevich Victor , Potter Jennifer , Riley Robin , Shattuck Donna , Katz David A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractLinkage analysis on Utah pedigrees with strong family histories of major depression including only cases with the SLC6A4 HTTLPR short allele revealed a linkage peak on chromosome 4 (maximum HLOD = 3.5). This evidence suggests epistasis between SLC6A4 and an unknown gene as risk factors for major depression. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A candidate gene study of tardive dyskinesia in the CATIE schizophrenia trial
Authors: Tsai Huei‐Ting , Caroff Stanley N. , Miller Del D. , McEvoy Joseph , Lieberman Jeffrey A. , North Kari E. , Stroup T. Scott , Sullivan Patrick F. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractTardive dyskinesia (TD) is a movement disorder characterized by involuntary oro‐facial, limb, and truncal movements. As a genetic basis for inter‐individual variation is assumed, there have been a sizeable number of candidate gene studies. All subjects met diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia and were randomized to receive antipsychotic medications as participants in the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness project (CATIE). TD was assessed via the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale at regular intervals. Probable TD was defined as meeting Schooler–Kane criteria at any scheduled CATIE visit (207/710 subjects, 29.2%). A total of 128 candidate genes were studied in 710 subjects—2,580 SNPs in 118 candidate genes selected from the literature (e.g., dopamine, serotonin, glutamate, and GABA pathways) and composite genotypes for 10 drug‐metabolizing enzymes. No single marker or haplotype association reached statistical significance after adjustment for multiple comparisons. Thus, we found no support for either novel or prior associations from the literature. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.