bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Simple Screening Score for Diabetes for the Korean Population
Authors: Lee Yong-ho , Bang Heejung , Kim Hyeon Chang , Kim Hee Man , Park Seok Won , Kim Dae Jung 
Published: June 2012

OBJECTIVE
We developed and validated a self-assessment score for diabetes risk in Korean adults and compared it with other established screening models.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2001 and 2005 data were used to develop a diabetes screening score. After excluding patients with known diabetes, 9,602 participants aged ≥20 years were selected. Undiagnosed diabetes was defined as a fasting plasma glucose ≥126 mg/dL and/or nonfasting plasma glucose ≥200 mg/dL. The SAS Survey Logistic Regression analysis was used to determine predictors of undiagnosed diabetes (n = 341). We validated our model and compared it with other existing methods using the KNHANES 2007–2008 data (n = 8,391).

RESULTS
Age, family history of diabetes, hypertension, waist circumference, smoking, and alcohol intake were independently associated with undiagnosed diabetes. We calculated a diabetes screening score (range 0–11), and a cut point of ≥5 defined 47% of adults as being at high risk for diabetes and yielded a sensitivity of 81%, specificity of 54%, positive predictive value of 6%, and positive likelihood ratio of 1.8 (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.73). Comparable results were obtained in validation datasets (sensitivity 80%, specificity 53%, and AUC = 0.73), showing better performance than other non-Asian models from the U.S. or European population.

CONCLUSIONS
This self-assessment score may be useful for identifying Korean adults at high risk for diabetes. Additional studies are needed to evaluate the utility and feasibility of this score in various settings.
Infectivity Assays and Sequence Analyses for Unassigned Pseudomonas Species as Putative Cause of Dieback Disease of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. in Bangladesh
Authors: Tantau Hanny , Renk Steffi , Schultz Dorothee , Meyer Heidrun , Schulze Jana , Palm Denise , Stubbe Annika , Stubbe Annika , Aguirre Nayuf Valdez , Sarker Rakha Hari x , Alam Sk. Shamimul , Saha Mihir Lal , Khan M. Salim , Hoque M. Imdadul , Mühlbach Hans-Peter 
Published: June 2012

identified unequivocally. Putative microbial pathogens (fungi and bacteria) were studied in dieback affected sissoo trees collected from Bangladesh, using plant pathological techniques combined with molecular tools. DNA based characteri-zation showed the presence of heterogeneous patterns of various fungi (mostly saprophytic). It did not support the hypothesis of Fusarium solani being the cause of sissoo dieback. In contrast, isolation and molecular characterisation of bacteria from dieback affected sissoo revealed the presence of Pseudomonas in 83% of the samples. Sequencing the gene of 16S ribosomal RNA, the rpoD-gene, the gacA-gene and the rnpB-gene strongly suggested that these isolates belong most probably to a still unassigned Pseudomonas species. Hypersensitivity response assays and infection studies using sissoo seedlings demonstrated their pathogenic potential. Key words: Sissoo, dieback, Pseudomonas, fungal pathogens D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v21i2.10214 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 21(2): 101-113, 2011 (December)
Enhancement of L-DOPA Production in Micropropagated Plants of two Different Varieties of Mucuna pruriens L., Available in India
Authors: Lahiri Kotisree , Mukhopadhyay Madhumita J. , Mukhopadhyay Sandip 
Published: June 2012

Reports on increment in L-DOPA content in micropropagated plants, regenerated through a simple technique following shoot bud multiplication in four strains of two different varieties of Mucuna pruriens are made. Nodal segments from in vitro grown seedlings were cultured on modified MS with various concentrations and combinations of BAP, 2iP, Kn either alone or with NAA. Highest shoot regeneration from the callus was achieved in modified MS fortified with BAP at 1.33 µM level. The regenerated shoots were rooted in vitro in half-strength of liquid MS supplemented with various levels of NAA (0.54 - 10.7 mM) or IBA (0.49 - 9.85 mM). However, roots of superior quality were obtained at 5.4 mM NAA level after two weeks in culture. The regenerants were acclimatized for 2 - 3 weeks and about 85% survival rate was observed after transferring to the field. Both chromosome number stability as well as stability in nuclear DNA contents of the regenerants of all these strains was recorded with complete absence of aneuploidy. The different strains have revealed two to three-folds increase in L-DOPA contents in the cultured plants. The L-DOPA concentration in leaves of the regenerated plants varied from11.85 - 15.42 mg/g dry weight in all these accessions. However, the highest amount was observed in the wild strain of M. pruriens. This is the first report on enhancement of L-DOPA content in differentiated tissue of cultured plants of both the varieties of M. pruriens. Key words: L-DOPA, Micropropagation, Mucuna pruriens, Nuclear DNA D. O. I. 10.3329/ptcb.v21i2.10224 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 21(2): 115-125, 2011 (December)
Vers une norme pluricentrique ou une pluralité de normes en francophonie du nord ?
Authors: Pooley Tim 
Published: June 2012

Étant donné qu’une norme de prononciation différente de celle de France est largement reconnue au Canada, et que la population québécoise montre de plus en plus d’assurance quant à la qualité de son français, je me propose dans cette étude d’examiner la question de la norme de prestige en matière de prononciation en Belgique et en Suisse romande. Après avor passé en revue les principales études des représentations du français pratiqué dans ces deux territoires, je présente ensuite l’analyse de la prononciation d’un petit nombre de présentateurs et de journalistes d’une chaîne de télévision publique dans chacun des deux pays (RTBF pour la Belgique ; TSR pour la Suisse). Les premiers résultats semblent indiquer que les locuteurs belges manifestent davantage d’écarts par rapport aux normes françaises en situation comparable, mais que si l’on tient compte du facteur âge, la convergence semble se poursuivre.
Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Intra-articular Calcaneal Fractures in Children
Authors: Yu Guang-rong , Zhao Hong-mou , Yang Yun-feng , Zhou Jia-qian , Li Hai-feng 
Published: June 2012

Calcaneal fractures are rare injuries in children and adolescents, and fractures with displaced intra-articular fracture patterns are even more rare. The purpose of this study was to report 9 intra-articular calcaneal fractures in 8 children (mean age, 12.6 years; range,10–15 years) treated with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) and to examine cases reported in the literature to better define the classification characteristics and operational outcomes of this uncommon fracture. Preoperative radiographs and computed tomography scans were used to evaluate and classify the fractures. Clinical and radiographic examinations were performed at postoperative follow-up, and functional outcome was assessed with the modified American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle-Hindfoot score. Mean follow-up was 47 months (range, 21–72 months). Mean time to union was 9.2 weeks (range, 8–12 weeks). Mean modified AOFAS score was 65.2 points (range, 53–68 points). One foot experienced a minor complication.
After a systematic review of the literature, 4 studies with a total of 35 patients (37 fractures) were included. All fractures were caused by high-energy injuries. Based on the Essex-Lopresti classification, 40.5% (15/37) were tongue-type fractures and 59.5% (22/37) were joint depression–type fractures. Based on the Sanders classification, 62.2% (23/37) of fractures were 2 parts, 32.4% (12/37) were 3 parts, and 5.4% (2/37) showed comminution. No significant difference was found in classification information between children and adults. The authors concluded that the characteristics of intra-articular calcaneal fractures in children are similar to those in adults, and operative treatment of these fractures yields good results with few complications.
Role of Hematologic Laboratory Studies in the Postoperative Management of Patients Undergoing Anterior Cervical Diskectomy and Fusion
Authors: Tan Eric W. , Jain Amit , Hassanzadeh Hamid , Bernard Johnathan A. , Lemma Mesfin A. 
Published: June 2012

Anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion is a common spinal procedure. Over time, complications and hospital stay have decreased. However, to the authors’ knowledge, no study has examined the necessity of routine postoperative hematologic laboratory studies for patients undergoing this procedure.
From January 2005 through July 2010, four hundred thirty-four consecutive patients with cervical radioculopathy or myelopathy underwent anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion at 1 institution. Patients who had a concomitant second spinal procedure, revision anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion, history of anemia or a hematologic condition, or intraoperative complications were excluded, leaving 372 patients for the study group. Data were collected on postoperative hematologic laboratory studies ordered (complete blood count, coagulation studies, type, screen), postoperative blood transfusions, and readmissions within 1 month for anemia or transfusion. Patients were divided into those with and those without postoperative hematologic studies: 290 patients (119 one-level, 133 two-level, 38 three-level anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion) and 82 patients (41 one-level and 41 two-level anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion), respectively. No patient in either group required postoperative blood transfusion or readmission within 1 month for hematologic issues or surgery-related complications.
For patients undergoing 1-, 2-, or 3-level anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion with no history of hematologic issues, routine postoperative hematologic laboratory studies may be deferred without affecting the incidence of postoperative blood transfusions or hematologic-related readmissions. The elimination of unnecessary routine studies may result in substantial health care cost savings.
Distance and Near Visual Acuity Improvement After Implantation of Multifocal Intraocular Lenses in Cataract Patients With Presbyopia: A Systematic Review
Authors: Agresta Blaise , Knorz Michael C. , Kohnen Thomas , Donatti Christina , Jackson Daniel 
Published: June 2012

PURPOSE:To evaluate uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) as well as uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA) as outcomes in treating presbyopic cataract patients to assist clinicians and ophthalmologists in their decision-making process regarding available interventions.METHODS:Medline, Embase, and Evidence Based Medicine Reviews were systematically reviewed to identify studies reporting changes in UDVA and UNVA after cataract surgery in presbyopic patients. Strict inclusion/exclusion criteria were used to exclude any studies not reporting uncorrected visual acuity in a presbyopic population with cataracts implanted with multifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs). Relevant outcomes (UDVA and UNVA) were identified from the studies retrieved through the systematic review process.RESULTS:Twenty-nine studies were identified that reported uncorrected visual acuities, including one study that reported uncorrected intermediate visual acuity. Nine brands of multifocal IOLs were identified in the search. All studies identified in the literature search reported improvements in UDVA and UNVA following multifocal IOL implantation. The largest improvements in visual acuity were reported using the Rayner M-Flex lens (Rayner Intraocular Lenses Ltd) (UDVA, binocular: 1.05 logMAR, monocular: 0.92 logMAR; UNVA, binocular and monocular: 0.83 logMAR) and the smallest improvements were reported using the Acri.LISA lens (Carl Zeiss Meditec) (UDVA, 0.21 decimal; UNVA, 0.51 decimal).CONCLUSIONS:The results of this systematic review show the aggregate of studies reporting a beneficial increase in UDVA and UNVA with the use of multifocal IOLs in cataract patients with presbyopia, hence providing evidence to support the hypothesis that multifocal IOLs increase UDVA and UNVA in cataract patients.
Effects of Variation in Depth and Side Cut Angulations in LASIK and Thin-flap LASIK Using a Femtosecond Laser: A Biomechanical Study
Authors: Knox Cartwright Nathaniel E. , Tyrer John R. , Jaycock Philip D. , Marshall John 
Published: June 2012

PURPOSE:
To study the corneal biomechanical effects of varying LASIK flap depth and side cut angulations and evaluate the relative contribution of the lamellar and side cuts using a femtosecond laser and radial shearing speckle pattern interferometry (RSSPI).

METHODS:
Forty-two organ-cultured human corneas were divided into a control group and three investigative groups, each undergoing different incision types at both 90- and 160-μm depth using a femtosecond laser. In the first group, typical LASIK flaps were created; in the second group, only the bed was cut (delamination); and in the third group, side cuts alone were affected. Corneal strain was measured using RSSPI before and after treatment following an increase in hydrostatic pressure from 15.0 to 15.5 mmHg and again after 1 week of incubation in culture medium.

RESULTS:
The flap group demonstrated a weakening of strength related to the depth of cut, with strain increasing by 9% and 32% at 90 and 160 μm, respectively. Similar changes, 9% and 33%, were observed following execution of side cuts to the same depths. By contrast, strain increase following delamination showed no relationship with depth, increasing by 5% in both instances. When the side cut angle was made more acute, strain decreased with a 2% strain increase being measured after a 90-μm, 150° side cut was created. No significant changes occurred during the period of organ culture.

CONCLUSIONS:
Vertical side cuts through corneal lamellae rather than horizontal delamination incisions contribute to the loss of structural integrity during LASIK flap creation. Angulating side cuts such that the stromal diameter of the flap exceeds its epithelial diameter can decrease this effect.
Distinct Macrophage Subpopulations Characterize Acute Infection and Chronic Inflammatory Lung Disease
Authors: Duan Mubing , Li Waichu C. , Vlahos Ross , Maxwell Mhairi J. , Anderson Gary P. , Hibbs Margaret L. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Although great progress has been made in delineating lung dendritic cell and lymphocyte subpopulations, similar advances in lung macrophages (MΦs) have been hampered by their intrinsic autofluorescence, cell plasticity, and the complexities of monocyte–MΦ compartmentalization. Using spectral scanning, we define alveolar MΦ autofluorescence characteristics, which has allowed us to develop an alternative flow cytometry method. Using this methodology, we show that mouse lung MΦs form distinct subpopulations during acute inflammation after challenge with LPS or influenza virus, and in chronic inflammatory lung disease consequent to SHIP-1 deletion. These subpopulations are distinguished by differential Mac-1 and CD11c integrin expression rather than classical M1 or M2 markers, and display differential gene signatures ex vivo. Whereas the resolution of acute inflammation is characterized by restoration to a homogenous population of CD11chighMac-1neg/low MΦs reflective of lung homeostasis, chronic inflammatory lung disease associated with SHIP-1 deficiency is accompanied by an additional subpopulation of CD11chighMac-1pos MΦs that tracks with lung disease in susceptible genetic background SHIP-1−/− animals and disease induction in chimeric mice. These findings may help better understand the roles of MΦ subpopulations in lung homeostasis and disease.
Editor's Note
Authors: Cohn Ellen R. , Cason Jana 
Published: June 2012

The current issue of the International Journal of Telerehabilitation (IJT) contains original research evaluating the efficacy of telerehabilitation; an evaluation of a telerehabilitation system for community based research; and work that examines users’ perceptions of the privacy and security of the three top used consumer-based, free Voice and video over the Internet Protocol (VoIP) software systems (e.g., Skype and others) used by health care providers to deliver therapeutic services via telerehabilitation. Two Brief Communications authored by speech-language pathologists present the possibilities for significant telehealth related cost-savings when telepractice is implemented in clinical practice. Finally, this issue presents a report generated by a working group within the American Telemedicine Association’s Telerehabilitation Special Interest Group, and announcements from the American Telemedicine Association and the International Society for Augmentative and Alternative Communication (ISAAC).
Making the Case for Uniformity in Professional State Licensure Requirements
Authors: Brannon Janice A. , Cohn Ellen R. , Cason Jana 
Published: June 2012

Telehealth, the use of communication and information technologies to deliver health services, was initially envisioned as a way for persons in rural or remote settings to receive otherwise unavailable healthcare services. Now, in addition to overcoming personnel shortages for underserved populations, telehealth shows promise in meeting the needs of a constantly mobile U.S. society and workforce. Fortunately, telerehabilitation can meet the needs of a mobile society and workforce by enabling continuity of care for individuals who are out-of-town, on vacation, in temporary residence as a university student, or on business travel. Unfortunately, outdated legislative and regulatory policies and inhospitable infrastructures currently stand in the way of a seamless continuum of care.In 2010, the American Telemedicine Association’s Telerehabilitation Special Interest Group (TR SIG) convened a License Portability Sub-Committee to explore ways to diminish barriers for state licensure portability with a particular focus on physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, and audiology. In 2011, the Subcommittee published a factsheet that detailed the challenges and potential solutions that surround the difficult issue of licensure portability. Concurrently, the American Telemedicine Association is advocating for national reform of professional licensure.At the heart of all licensure requirements is the ability to determine who should be granted the authority to practice in a particular profession. This is done by focusing on educational, examination and behavioral requirements that are deemed the minimum necessary to protect the public from harm. States, however, with whom authority for licensure of health professionals rests, have independently determined those minimum requirements. This approach has led to a myriad of requirements that vary from state to state. Licensure portability will best succeed when variability between licensure requirements is minimized and an efficient licensure process exists. In this paper, these two critical factors for licensure portability are referred to as “licensure requirements” and “the credentialing process.” Currently the variability between both of these factors is different between professions as well as between jurisdictions. To find the best solution to licensure portability, it is critical to determine which of these two elements create significant barriers for licensure mobility. This document outlines a method for the professions to begin collecting data to pinpoint the areas where agreement and variations exist in licensure requirements and processes between states. Such information will inform efforts towards uniformity.
Use of Hybrid Vascular Grafts in Failing Access for Hemodialysis: Report of Two Cases
Authors: Afaneh Cheguevara , Aronova Anna , Ross John R. , Leeser David B. 
Published: June 2012

Purpose Vascular access morbidity represents one of the most common indications for readmission in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). We report the use of hybrid grafts in two patients for revision of failed vascular access for hemodialysis (HD). Case Presentations The first patient was a 45-year-old woman with ESRD who presented with an arteriovenous graft (AVG) that had required multiple interventions for maintenance in whom much of the graft was lined with covered stents. The patient presented with erosion of a stent in the AVG through the skin to the emergency department. The second patient was a 41-year-old man with ESRD who also had an AVG that had required multiple interventions for maintenance. He presented to clinic with chronic bleeding from the AVG after HD sessions. Both patients were taken to the operating room for salvage of part of the AVG through the use of hybrid vascular access grafts. The patients have passed six and three months from the procedure, respectively, without needing additional interventions. Conclusions This technique demonstrates successful use of hybrid vascular access grafts, specifically inside existing grafts in locations that contain stents utilizing the existing venous resources in that arm to carry out the surgical repair, thereby preserving venous capital.
Natural Cellulosic Polymers as Potential Reinforcement in Composites: Physicochemical and Mechanical Studies
Authors: Thakur V. K. , Singha A. S. , Thakur M. K. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractRenewable cellulosic biofibers appear to be a promising substitute to synthetic fibers as reinforcement in different kinds of polymers. The prime objective of this work was to determine water absorption, chemical resistance, and mechanical properties of the green composites reinforced with ecofriendly natural cellulosic Saccharum cilliare fibers. The mechanical and physicochemical properties of the green composites have been investigated as a function of fiber loading for assessing their applicability in different potential applications in everyday life. The green composites thus prepared have been found to show a universal trend of an increase in properties with fiber loading up to 30%, and beyond this the properties decrease. A fiber/matrix interaction between the polymer and reinforcement has been analyzed based on the mechanical and morphological studies. Overall results suggest that the natural cellulosic S. cilliare fibers were capable of serving as a feasible reinforcement for green polymer composites. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 32: E427–E435, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.21290
Synthesis of amino acid‐based polymers having metronidazole moiety and study of their controlled release in vitro
Authors: El‐Newehy Mohamed H. , Elsherbiny Abeer S. , Mori Hideharu 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA new polymeric drug carrier system using amino acid‐based polymers was developed. Amino acid‐based polymers with controlled molar mass and narrow molecular weight distribution have been synthesized by reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization of four amino acid‐carrying monomers having different chirality and hydrophilicity. Metronidazole (MTZ) was immobilized onto the amino acid‐based polymers, and the release profiles of the polymer‐MTZ adducts were investigated in phosphate buffer solutions (pH = 2.0, 7.4, and 8.5). The model drug was released by the hydrolysis of the ester group, and the release rate and behavior of the polymeric prodrugs strongly depended on the configuration of the amino acid‐based polymers‐MTZ adducts and the pH of the release media. The release kinetics was determined using the Higuchi and Korsmeyer equations, which revealed the release mechanism of the polymeric prodrugs. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013