bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐Range Correlations of the Surface Charge Density Between Electrical Media with Flat and Spherical Interfaces
Authors: Šamaj L. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractWe study the asymptotic long‐range behavior of the time‐dependent correlation function of the surface charge density induced on the interface between two media of distinct dielectric functions which are in thermal equilibrium with one another as well as with the radiated electromagnetic field. We start with a short review which summarizes the results obtained by using quantum and classical descriptions of media, in both non‐retarded and retarded regimes of particle interactions. The classical static result for the flat interface is rederived by using a combination of the microscopic linear response theory and the macroscopic method of electrostatic image charges. The method is then applied to the case of a spherically shaped interface between media (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Charge Correlations in a Harmonic Trap
Authors: Wrighton J. , Kählert H. , Ott T. , Ludwig P. , Thomsen H. , Dufty J. , Bonitz M. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA system of N classical Coulomb charges trapped in a harmonic potential displays shell structure and orientational ordering. The local density profile is well understood from theory, simulation, and experiment. Here, pair correlations are considered for this highly inhomogeneous system for both the fluid and ordered states. In the former, it is noted that there is a close relationship to pair correlations in the uniform one component plasma. For the ordered state, it is shown that the disordered “tiling” is closely related to the ground state Thomson sites for a single sphere (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Classical Representation of a Quantum System at Equilibrium
Authors: Dufty J. W. , Dutta S. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA quantum system at equilibrium is represented by a corresponding classical system, chosen to reproduce the thermodynamic and structural properties. The objective is to develop a means for exploiting strong coupling classical methods (e.g., MD, integral equations, DFT) to describe quantum systems. The classical system has an effective temperature, local chemical potential, and pair interaction that are defined by requiring equivalence of the grand potential and its functional derivatives with respect to the external and pair potentials for the classical and quantum systems. Practical inversion of this mapping for the classical properties is effected via the hypernetted chain approximation, leading to representations as functionals of the quantum pair correlation function. As an illustration, the parameters of the classical system are determined approximately such that ideal gas and weak coupling RPA limits are preserved (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Conduction of Strongly Coupled Electrons Through Narrow Channels on Liquid Helium Surface: Simulation
Authors: Totsuji H. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe conduction of electrons through narrow channels formed on the surface of liquid helium is analyzed by numerical simulations. It is shown that, when electrons are strongly coupled, we have nonlinear and even negative dependence of conductance on the width of the constriction which is controlled by the gate voltage (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Dynamic Structure Factor for a Harmonic Oscillator and the Harmonic Oscillator Chain
Authors: Wierling A. , Sawada I. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe recurrance relation method is employed to determine the dynamic structure factor for the single harmonic oscillator and a linear chain of harmonic oscillators. Approximative schemes based on this approach are proposed. Comparison is made with exactly known results (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Equation of State of Al Based on the Thomas–Fermi Model
Authors: Shemyakin O.P. , Levashov P.R. , Khishchenko K.V. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA wide‐range semiempirical equation of state for aluminum applicable both at near‐normal conditions and in dense plasma is presented. The finite‐temperature Thomas–Fermi model is used for the thermal contribution of electrons thus diminishing the number of fitting parameters and giving information about a mean ion charge. The constructed equation of state agrees with majority of available shock‐wave data (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Instabilities in Yukawa Liquids
Authors: Rosenberg M. , Kalman G. J. , Hartmann P. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA strongly coupled Yukawa liquid is a system of charged particles which interact via a screened Coulomb interaction and in which the electrostatic energy between neighboring particles is larger than their thermal energy but not large enough for crystallization. Various plasma systems including ultracold neutral plasmas and complex (dusty) plasmas can exist in this strongly coupled liquid phase.Here we investigate instabilities driven by the relative streaming of plasma components in three‐dimensional Yukawa liquids with a focus on complex plasmas. This includes a dust acoustic instability driven by weakly coupled ions streaming through the dust liquid, and a dust‐dust instability driven by the counter‐streaming of strongly coupled dust grains. Compared to the Vlasov behavior we find there can be a substantial modification of the unstable wavenumber spectrum due to strong coupling effects (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Characterization of small RNAs in Xenopus tropicalis gastrulae
Authors: Faunes Fernando , Almonacid Leonardo I. , Melo Francisco , Larrain Juan 
Published: January 2012

AbstractHere, we report and characterize deep sequencing data and bioinformatics analysis of small RNAs from Xenopus tropicalis gastrula. A total of 17,553,124 reads with perfect match to the genome derived from 2,616,053 unique sequences were identified. Seventy‐seven percent of theses sequences were not found in previous reports from X. tropicalis oocytes and somatic tissues. Bioinformatics analyses indicate that a large fraction of the small RNAs are PIWI‐interacting RNAs. Up to 23.9% of small RNAs mapped to transposable elements and 27% to genic regions. Most of abundant transposable derived small RNAs are found in oocyte and gastrula libraries, suggesting that transposon needs to be silenced also during early development. Additionally, miRNAs were identified and many of them are not present in oocytes, suggesting that miRNA expression is stage specific. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first high throughput data release and bioinformatics characterization of small RNAs during Xenopus development. genesis 50:260–270, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development of xenopus resource centers: The national xenopus resource and the european xenopus resource center
Authors: Pearl Esther J. , Grainger Robert M. , Guille Matthew , Horb Marko E. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractXenopus is an essential vertebrate model system for biomedical research that has contributed to important discoveries in many disciplines, including cell biology, molecular biology, physiology, developmental biology, and neurobiology. However, unlike other model systems no central repository/stock center for Xenopus had been established until recently. Similar to mouse, zebrafish, and fly communities, which have established stock centers, Xenopus researchers need to maintain and distribute rapidly growing numbers of inbred, mutant, and transgenic frog strains, along with DNA and protein resources, and individual laboratories struggle to accomplish this efficiently. In the last 5 years, two resource centers were founded to address this need: the European Xenopus Resource Center (EXRC) at the University of Portsmouth in England, and the National Xenopus Resource (NXR) at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, MA. These two centers work together to provide resources and support to the Xenopus research community. The EXRC and NXR serve as stock centers and acquire, produce, maintain and distribute mutant, inbred and transgenic Xenopus laevis and Xenopustropicalis lines. Independently, the EXRC is a repository for Xenopus cDNAs, fosmids, and antibodies; it also provides oocytes and wild‐typefrogs within the United Kingdom. The NXR will complement these services by providing research training and promoting intellectual interchange through hosting minicourses and workshops and offering space for researchers to perform short‐term projects at the Marine Biological Laboratory. Together the EXRC and NXR will enable researchers to improve productivity by providing resources and expertise to all levels, from graduate students to experienced PIs. These two centers will also enable investigators that use other animal systems to take advantage of Xenopus' unique experimental features to complement their studies. genesis 50:155–163, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lactide Polymerisation with Complexes of Neutral N‐Donors – New Strategies for Robust Catalysts
Authors: dos Santos Vieira Ines , Herres‐Pawlis Sonja 
Published: January 2012

AbstractRing‐opening polymerisation of cyclic esters represents a growing field of research, because the resulting polymers are biodegradable and mostly based on renewable raw materials, which ensures increasing interest in this process within the context of green chemistry. Up to now, neutral N‐donor ligands have been overlooked in their potential to stabilise catalytically active systems. This contribution summarises recent developments in this area as well as their applicability in lactide polymerisation with special regard to the reaction conditions. When a use on the industrial scale is targeted, tolerance towards moisture, air, lactide impurities and high temperatures is an important issue to be considered during catalyst design. A multitude of sodium, calcium and zinc complexes with amines, carbenes, guanidines, phosphinimines, pyridines and tris(pyrazolyl)methanes is discussed and their activity in lactide polymerisation is highlighted.
Assignment of Absolute Configuration of Bis‐γ‐pyrone Polypropionates from Marine Pulmonate Molluscs
Authors: Wang Jian‐Rong , Carbone Marianna , Gavagnin Margherita , Mándi Attila , Antus Sándor , Yao Li‐Gong , Cimino Guido , Kurtán Tibor , Guo Yue‐Wei 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe absolute configurations of onchidione (1), previously reported from the marine pulmonate Onchidium sp., and the related alcohols onchidiol (2) and 4‐epi‐onchidiol (3), first described as methanolysis products of 1, were assigned by X‐ray diffraction analysis and solid‐state time‐dependent density functional theory electronic circular dichroism. Alcohol 3 was incorrectly reported as the C‐16 epimer of 2.
Practical Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Diarylacetylenes from Propiolic Acid and Two Different Aryl Bromides
Authors: Tartaggia Stefano , De Lucchi Ottorino , Gooßen Lukas J. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA palladium catalyst that mediates the one‐pot sequential Sonogashira and decarboxylative coupling of propiolic acid with two different aryl bromides has been developed. Selective coupling of the first aryl bromide was achieved in the presence of a copper‐free, monometallic catalyst generated in situ from allylpalladium chloride dimer and SPhos with tetra‐n‐butylammonium fluoride as the base in an N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone/water solvent mixture. Upon addition of another aryl bromide and raising the temperature from 50 to 80 °C, the intermediate arylpropiolic acid underwent decarboxylative coupling to give the corresponding diarylacetylene. Thus, the new system permits a one‐pot three‐component synthesis of unsymmetrical diarylacetylenes from widely available aryl bromides, rather than expensive aryl iodides, and propiolic acid, rather than (trimethylsilyl)acetylene, as an inexpensive and easy‐to‐handle acetylene synthon. The process is highly selective, modular, and gives access to a wide range of unsymmetrical diarylacetylenes in good yields.
Role of cell cycle‐associated proteins in microglial proliferation in the axotomized rat facial nucleus
Authors: Yamamoto Shinichi , Kohsaka Shinichi , Nakajima Kazuyuki 
Published: January 2012

AbstractWe analyzed cell cycle‐associated proteins, including cyclins, cyclin‐dependent protein kinases (Cdks), and Cdk inhibitors (CdkIs) in the axotomized rat facial nucleus. Immunoblotting revealed that cyclin A and cyclin D are induced 3–5 days after transection. The induced cyclin A was immunohistochemically recognized in microglia. Cdk2 and Cdk4 were also detected in the facial nucleus. The CdkI p21 was elevated 5 days after axotomy. Inhibition experiments in vitro using a cFms (receptor for macrophage‐colony stimulating factor, M‐CSF) inhibitor indicated that M‐CSF‐cFms signaling leads to upregulation of the levels of cyclin A, cyclin D, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and cFms in microglia. The role of cyclin A/Cdk2 activity in M‐CSF‐dependent microglial proliferation was ascertained using the specific inhibitor purvalanol A. Experiments using specific mitogen‐activated protein kinase inhibitors suggested that c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) is associated with M‐CSF‐dependent induction of cyclins and PCNA, whereas p38 is associated with cFms induction. Both JNK and p38 were proved to be phosphorylated by stimulation with M‐CSF. Our results indicated that cyclin A, cyclin D, Cdk2, Cdk4, and p21 are involved in microglial proliferation in the transected facial nucleus, and that the M‐CSF‐dependent upregulations of cyclins/PCNA and cFms in microglia are differentially regulated by JNK and p38. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Double‐blind controlled trial of venlafaxine for treatment of adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Amiri Shahrokh , Farhang Sara , Ghoreishizadeh Mohammad Ali , Malek Ayyoub , Mohammadzadeh Soleiman 
Published: January 2012

BackgroundAttention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common mental disorders beginning in childhood that may continue to adulthood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possible therapeutic effect of venlafaxine in adults with ADHD.MethodsIn a double‐blind setting, drug‐naïve adults with a diagnosis of ADHD based on DSM‐IV‐TR criteria were randomly selected to receive either venlafaxine (up to 225 mg/day) or a placebo for 6 weeks. The Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scale self‐report screening version was administered before and during the treatment at 2‐week intervals to measure the therapeutic effects.ResultsThe mean age (SD) of patients was 30.5 (8.1) years. Eleven out of 20 patients receiving venlafaxine and 13 out of 21 patients receiving the placebo were male. The two groups were not significantly different in terms of age, educational level, weight, or blood pressure.Significant decrease was observed in both subscales (inattentive, hyperactive/impulsive), total ADHD symptoms score, and ADHD index in both the venlafaxine and the placebo groups. Seventy‐five percent of treatment group versus 20% of placebo group met treatment response criteria when defined as a 25% drop in total ADHD score (p = 0.001).No serious adverse effects were reported during the trial.ConclusionsIn this double‐blind trial, the symptoms of adult ADHD decreased after a 6‐week trial of either venlafaxine or a placebo with no significant difference. However, a significant treatment response defined as a 25% drop in ADHD index (measured by a self‐report scale) was achieved by venlafaxine. The interpretation of these results is limited by the short duration of follow‐up in this study. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Glycopeptidolipids: Immuno‐modulators in greasy mycobacterial cell envelope
Authors: Mukherjee Raju , Chatterji Dipankar 
Published: January 2012

AbstractSpecies of opportunistic mycobacteria are the major causative agent for disseminating pulmonary infections in immuno‐compromised individuals. These naturally resistant strains recruit a unique type of glycolipid known as glycopeptidolipids (GPLs), noncovalently attached to the outer surface of their thick lipid rich cell envelope. Species specific GPLs constitute the chemical determinants of most nontuberculous mycobacterial serotypes, and their absence from the cell surface confers altered colony morphology, hydrophobicity, and inability to grow as biofilms. The objective of this review is to present a comprehensive account and highlight the renewed interest on this much neglected group of pleiotropic molecules with respect to their structural diversity and biosynthesis. In addition, the role of GPLs in mycobacterial survival, both intracellular and in the environment is also discussed. It also explores the possibility of identifying new targets for intervening Mycobacterium avium complex‐related infections. These antigenic molecules have been considered to play a pivotal role in immune suppression and can also induce various cytokine mediated innate immune responses, the molecular mechanism of which remains obscure. © 2012 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 2012
The recombinant kringle domain of urokinase plasminogen activator inhibits VEGF165‐induced angiogenesis of HUVECs by suppressing VEGFR2 dimerization and subsequent signal transduction
Authors: Kim Byeong Mo , Lee Dong‐Heon , Choi Hyun Jin , Lee Kee‐Ho , Kang Su Jin , Joe Young Ae , Hong Yong‐Kil , Hong Sung Hee 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe recombinant kringle domain (UK1) of urokinase plasminogen activator was previously reported to exert antiangiogenic activity against Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)‐induced angiogenesis in both in vitro and in vivo models. In this study, we explored the molecular signaling mechanisms involved in the antiangiogenic activity of UK1 by examining VEGF signaling proteins. VEGF165 stimulates the phosphorylation of VEGF signaling molecules, and pretreatment with UK1 blocked VEGF‐induced signal transduction associated with proliferation, survival, and migration. UK1 also suppressed VEGF165‐induced activation of MMP‐2. Moreover, UK1 suppressed the phosphorylation and activation of VEGFR2 in VEGF‐stimulated human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by blocking the dimerization of VEGFR2. Overall, our findings suggest that UK1 inhibits VEGF‐induced proliferation, migration, and matrix metalloproteinase activity of HUVECs by suppressing VEGFR2 dimerization and subsequent angiogenic signals. © 2012 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 2012
Osteoblast-specific overexpression of human interleukin-7 rescues the bone mass phenotype of interleukin-7–deficient female mice
Authors: Aguila Hector L , Mun Se Hwan , Kalinowski Judith , Adams Douglas J , Lorenzo Joseph A , Lee Sun-Kyeong 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Interleukin-7 is a critical cytokine for lymphoid development and a direct inhibitor of in vitro osteoclastogenesis in murine bone marrow cultures. To explore the role of IL-7 in bone, we generated transgenic mouse lines bearing the 2.3-kb rat collagen 1α1 promoter driving the expression of human IL-7 specifically in osteoblasts. In addition, we crossed these mice with IL-7–deficient mice to determine if the alterations in lymphopoiesis, bone mass, and osteoclast formation observed in the IL-7 knockout (KO) mice could be rescued by osteoblast-specific overexpression of IL-7. Here, we show that mice overexpressing human IL-7 in the osteoblast lineage showed increased trabecular bone volume in vivo by µCT and decreased osteoclast formation in vitro. Furthermore, targeted overexpression of IL-7 in osteoblasts rescued the osteopenic bone phenotype and B-cell development of IL-7 KO mice but did not have an effect on T lymphopoiesis, which occurs in the periphery. The bone phenotypes in IL-7 KO mice and targeted IL-7–overexpressing mouse models were observed only in females. These results likely reflect both direct inhibitory effects of IL-7 on osteoclastogenesis in vivo and sex-specific differences in responses to IL-7. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Fracture risk in women with breast cancer: A population-based study
Authors: Melton L Joseph , Hartmann Lynn C , Achenbach Sara J , Atkinson Elizabeth J , Therneau Terry M , Khosla Sundeep 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
A positive association has been reported between greater bone density and higher breast cancer risk, suggesting that these women could be at reduced risk of fracture. To estimate fracture risk among unselected community women with breast cancer and to systematically assess associations with various risk factors including breast cancer treatments, we conducted a population-based historical cohort study of 608 Olmsted County, MN, USA, women with invasive breast cancer first diagnosed in 1990 to 1999 (mean age 61.6 ± 14.8 years), who were followed for 5776 person-years. Altogether, 568 fractures were observed in 270 women (98 per 1000 person-years). Overall fracture risk was elevated 1.8-fold, but the absolute increase in risk was only 9%, and 56% of the women did not experience a fracture during follow-up. Excluding pathologic fractures (15%) and those found incidentally (24%), to allow for ascertainment bias, the standardized incidence ratio was 1.2 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.99 to 1.3) for total fracture risk and 0.9 (95% CI 0.7 to 1.2) for osteoporotic fracture risk alone. Various breast cancer treatments were associated with an increased risk of fracture, but those associations were strongest for pathologic fractures, which were relatively more common among the women who were premenopausal when their breast cancer was diagnosed. Moreover, underlying clinical characteristics prompting different treatments may have been partially responsible for the associated fracture outcomes (indication bias). These data thus demonstrate that breast cancer patients in general are not at greatly increased risk of fracture but neither are they protected from fractures despite any determinants that breast cancer and high bone density may have in common. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Chemically modified fullerene derivatives as photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy: A first‐principles study
Authors: Zhou Cai‐Hua , Zhao Xiang 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe first‐principles density functional theory (DFT) and its time‐dependent approach (TD‐DFT) are used to characterize the electronic structures and optical spectra properties of five chemically modified fullerenes. It is revealed that the metal fullerene derivatives possess not only stronger absorption bands in visible light regions than organically modified fullerene but also the large energy gaps (ΔES–T > 0.98 eV) between the singlet ground state and the triplet state, which imply their significant aspect of potential candidates as a photosensitizer. We have found that a new metal‐containing bisfullerene complexes (Pt(C60)2), with the extended conjugated π‐electrons, much degenerate orbitals and a uniform electrostatic potential surface, behave more pre‐eminent photosensitizing properties than other examined fullerene derivatives. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sonographic findings in a fatal case of transient myeloproliferative disorder
Authors: Goswami Shima , Phatak Tej 
Published: January 2012

AbstractTransient myeloproliferative disorder is a unique disease in infants with Down syndrome that typically resolves spontaneously. In this report, we present a fatal case of transient myeloproliferative disorder with unusual sonographic findings including adrenal gland enlargement and thickening of the corpus callosum. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2012;