bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generalization of a parameter set selection procedure based on orthogonal projections and the D‐optimality criterion
Authors: Chu Yunfei , Hahn Juergen 
Published: July 2011

AbstractMany models derived from first principles contain more parameters than can be reliably estimated from data. Selecting a subset of the parameters for estimation is one common approach to deal with this problem. One popular method sequentially selects parameters based on orthogonalization of the sensitivity vectors; however, it has the drawback that only one parameter is added at each step of the iteration and that no correlations of not yet chosen parameters can be taken into account. To address this drawback, a generalization of the parameter set selection procedure based on orthogonalization is presented in this work. The procedure can add any number of parameters at each iteration such that correlations among the parameters that will be added to the set of estimated parameters can be taken into account. It is shown that two existing parameter set selection techniques form special cases of the presented method. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Complex chromosomal rearrangement in a girl with psychomotor‐retardation and a de novo inversion: inv(2)(p15;q24.2)
Authors: Granot‐Hershkovitz Einat , Raas‐Rothschild Annick , Frumkin Ayala , Granot David , Silverstein Shira , Abeliovich Dvorah 
Published: July 2011

AbstractCytogenetic analysis of DNA from a girl with severe psychomotor retardation revealed a de novo pericentric inversion of chromosome 2: 46,XX,inv(2)(p15q24.2). In order to elucidate the possible role of the inversion in the girl's abnormal phenotype, we analyzed the inversion breakpoints. FISH analysis revealed BAC clones spanning the breakpoints at 2p and 2q of the inversion. Southern blot hybridization with DNA probes from the BAC regions was used to refine the localization of the breakpoints, followed by inverse‐PCR which enabled us to sequence the inversion breakpoints. We found a complex chromosomal rearrangement, including five breakpoints, four at 2q and one at 2p joined with minor insertions/deletions of a few bases. The breakpoint at 2p was within theNRXN1gene that has previously been associated with autism, intellectual disabilities, and psychiatric disorders. In 2q, the breakpoints disrupted two genes,TANC1andRBMS1; the phenotypic effect of these genes is not currently known. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Further expansion of the phenotypic spectrum associated with mutations in ALDH18A1, encoding Δ1‐pyrroline‐5‐carboxylate synthase (P5CS)
Authors: Skidmore David L. , Chitayat David , Morgan Tim , Hinek Alek , Fischer Bjoern , Dimopoulou Aikaterini , Somers Gino , Halliday William , Blaser Susan , Diambomba Yenge , Lemire Edmond G. , Kornak Uwe , Robertson Stephen P. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe report on the third case of cutis laxa and progeroid features caused by a homozygous mutation in ALDH18A1 that encodes Δ1‐pyrroline‐5‐carboxylate‐synthase (P5CS). This severely affected child, born to consanguineous parents of Pakistani origin, presented with lax, wrinkled and thin skin with dilated and tortuous subcutaneous blood vessels, corneal clouding, and hypotonia. The child had severe global developmental delay and feeding difficulties and died in infancy for an unknown reason. The proband was homozygous for a mutation in ALDH18A1, c.1923 + 1G > A which results in the production of two anomalous transcripts that are predicted to encode proteins lacking the catalytic site for the enzyme. The cellular phenotype is characterized by diminished production of collagen types I and III, altered elastin ultrastructure, and diminished cell proliferation of cultured dermal fibroblasts. This severe clinical and cellular phenotype overlaps with a broad group of neurocutaneous syndromes that include cutis laxa type II, wrinkly skin syndrome, de Barsy syndrome, and gerodermia osteodysplastica. The findings presented here emphasize the pleiotropic presentation of this group of conditions and suggest that multiple components of the extracellular matrix are perturbed in these disorders. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
How high are carrier frequencies of rare recessive syndromes? Contemporary estimates for Fanconi Anemia in the United States and Israel
Authors: Rosenberg Philip S. , Tamary Hannah , Alter Blanche P. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractFor many recessive genetic syndromes, carrier frequencies have been assessed through screening studies in founder populations but remain unclear in heterogeneous populations. One such syndrome is Fanconi Anemia (FA). FA is a model disease in cancer research, yet there are no contemporary data on carrier frequency or prevalence in the general United States (US) population or elsewhere. We inferred carrier frequency from birth incidence using the Hardy–Weinberg law. We estimated prevalence using birth incidence and survival data. We defined “plausible ranges” to incorporate uncertainty about completeness of case ascertainment. We made estimates for the US and Israel using demographic data from the Fanconi Anemia Research Fund and Israeli Fanconi Anemia Registry. In the US, a plausible range for the carrier frequency is 1:156–1:209 [midpoint 1:181]; we estimate that 550–975 persons were living with FA in 2010. For Israel, a plausible range for the carrier frequency is 1:66–1:128 [midpoint 1:93] in line with founder screening studies; we estimate that 40–135 Israelis were living with FA in 2008. The estimated US FA carrier frequency of 1:181 is significantly higher than the historical estimate of 1:300; hence, the gap may be narrower than previously recognized between the US carrier frequency and higher carrier frequencies of around 1:100 in several founder groups including Ashkenazi Jews. Assessment of cancer risks in heterozygous carriers merits further study. Clinical trials in FA will require co‐ordination and innovative design because the number of living US patients is probably less than 1,000. Published 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Discovery of genetic susceptibility factors for human birth defects: An opportunity for a national agenda
Authors: Olshan Andrew F. , Hobbs Charlotte A. , Shaw Gary M. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA recent workshop highlighted the current challenges and new opportunities for studying the role of genetic factors in the etiology of human birth defects. The workshop provided a series of recommendations pertaining to the use of animal models, key elements of population‐based designs, the need for national collaborative projects, biorepositories, and consortia, investigation of new types of structural genetic variants, examination of gene–exposure interactions, and a strategy for gene variant discovery. A key reason to hold the recent workshop and contribute this concise communication to the literature is to draw attention to and initiate action toward advancing discoveries about the genetic etiologies of birth defects. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Megacystis, megacolon, and malrotation: A new syndromic association?
Authors: Pini Prato A. , Rossi V. , Fiore M. , Avanzini S. , Mattioli G. , Sanfilippo F. , Michelazzi A. , Borghini S. , Disma N. , Montobbio G. , Barabino A. , Nozza P. , Ceccherini I. , Gimelli S. , Jasonni V. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractChronic intestinal pseudo‐obstruction (CIPO) can occur as a consequence of neuropathies including diffuse Intestinal Neuronal Dysplasia (IND), a relatively rare enteric nervous system (ENS) abnormality. Although various authors reported of diffuse IND associated either with intestinal malrotation or megacystis, the co‐existence of these three entities in the same patient has never been described before. The aim of this paper is to report for the first time in literature a series of patient with such association, focusing on one who carries a de novo duplication of chromosome 12, suggesting a new syndromic association (megacolon, megacystis, malrotation). © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electrochromic properties of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) nanocomposite film containing SiO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Lee Jong Seok , Choi Yong‐June , Park Hyung‐Ho , Chul Pyun Jae 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThrough incorporation of SiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) into poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) films, the physical volume effect of nanoparticles on the electrochromic properties of PEDOT was investigated. PEDOT‐SiO2 nanocomposite thin films were prepared using SiO2 NPs, 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT), iron p‐toluenesulfonate and an imidazole mixture. During incorporation, SiO2 NPs agglomerated to form a cluster, which affected the surface roughness of PEDOT films. Photoemission spectroscopic results of C 1s and S 2p show that incorporated SiO2 NPs did not chemically interact but heavily affect the conjugation length and packing density of PEDOT due to a physical volume effect. This physical effect of SiO2 NPs resulted in enhanced electrical conductivity of PEDOT and induced a blue shift of the maximum absorption peak in ultra violet‐visible spectroscopic analysis. Also, a gradual enhancement in the electrochromic properties of PEDOT was obtained by increasing the amount of SiO2 NPs; in particular, the switching speed of PEDOT reduced from 3.34 s to 1.28 s with incorporation of 10 wt % SiO2 NPs. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Ethylene polymerization over supported titanium‐magnesium catalysts: Effect of polymerization parameters on the molecular weight distribution of polyethylene
Authors: Nikolaeva Marina I. , Mikenas Tatiana B. , Matsko Mikhail A. , Echevskaya Ludmila G. , Zakharov Vladimir A. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe data on the effects of polymerization duration, cocatalyst, and monomer concentrations upon ethylene polymerization in the absence of hydrogen, and the effect of an additional chain transfer agent (hydrogen) on the molecular weight (MW), molecular weight distribution (MWD), and content of vinyl terminal groups for polyethylene (PE) produced over the supported titanium‐magnesium catalyst (TMC) are obtained. The effects of these parameters on nonuniformity of active sites for different chain transfer reactions are analyzed by deconvolution of the experimental MWD curves into Flory components. It has been shown that the polymer MW grows, the MWD becomes narrower and the content of vinyl terminal groups in PE increases with increasing polymerization duration. It is assumed to occur due to the reduction of the rate of chain transfer with AlEt3 with increasing polymerization duration. The polydispersity of PE is found to rise with increasing AlEt3 concentration and decreasing monomer concentration due to the emergence of additional low molecular weight Flory components. The ratios of the individual rate constants of chain transfer with AlEt3, monomer and hydrogen to the propagation rate constant have been calculated. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Cultural bias in Wikipedia content on famous persons
Authors: Callahan Ewa S. , Herring Susan C. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWikipedia advocates a strict “neutral point of view” (NPOV) policy. However, although originally a U.S‐based, English‐language phenomenon, the online, user‐created encyclopedia now has versions in many languages. This study examines the extent to which content and perspectives vary across cultures by comparing articles about famous persons in the Polish and English editions of Wikipedia. The results of quantitative and qualitative content analyses reveal systematic differences related to the different cultures, histories, and values of Poland and the United States; at the same time, a U.S./English‐language advantage is evident throughout. In conclusion, the implications of these findings for the quality and objectivity of Wikipedia as a global repository of knowledge are discussed, and recommendations are advanced for Wikipedia end users and content developers.
Solubilization of Polycyclic Aromatics in Water by γ‐Cyclodextrin Derivatives
Authors: Wang Hai Ming , Wenz Gerhard 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA series of hydrophilic per‐6‐thio‐6‐deoxy‐γ‐cyclodextrins (CDs) were synthesized from per‐6‐iodo‐6‐deoxy‐γ‐CD. These new hosts are able to solubilize polycyclic aromatic guests in aqueous solution to much higher extents than native CDs. Phase‐solubility diagrams were mostly linear in accordance with both 1:1 and 1:2 CD–guest complexes in aqueous solution. The stoichiometry of the inclusion complexes was further investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy, which revealed very pronounced Stokes shifts typical for 1:2 complexes. This finding was further consolidated by quantum mechanical calculations of dimer formation of the guests and space‐filling considerations by using the cross‐sectional areas of the CDs and guests. The calculated dimerization energies correlated well with the binding free energies measured for the 1:2 complexes, and provided the main contribution to the driving force of complexation in the γ‐CD cavity.
Measurement of Enzymatic Activity and Specificity of Human and Avian Influenza Neuraminidases from Whole Virus by Glycoarray and MALDI‐TOF Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Pourceau Gwladys , Chevolot Yann , Goudot Alice , Giroux Fabienne , Meyer Albert , Moulés Vincent , Lina Bruno , Cecioni Samy , Vidal Sébastien , Yu Hai , Chen Xi , Ferraris Olivier , Praly Jean‐Pierre , Souteyrand Eliane , Vasseur Jean‐Jacques , Morvan François 
Published: July 2011

AbstractInfluenza neuraminidases hydrolyze the ketosidic linkage between N‐acetylneuraminic acid and its adjacent galactose residue in sialosides. This enzyme is a tetrameric protein that plays a critical role in the release of progeny virions. Several methods have been described for the determination of neuraminidase activity, usually based on colorimetric, fluorescent, or chemiluminescent detection. However, only a few of these tests allow discrimination of the sialyl‐linkage specificity (i.e., α2–3‐ versus α2–6‐linked sialyllactosides) of the neuraminidase. Herein we report a glycoarray‐based assay and a MALDI‐TOF study for assessing the activity and specificity of two influenza neuraminidases on whole viruses. The human A(H3N2) and avian A(H5N2) neuraminidase activities were investigated. The results from both approaches demonstrated that α2–3 sialyllactoside was a better substrate than α2–6 sialyllactoside for both viruses and that H5N2 virus had a lower hydrolytic activity than H3N2.
Anion–Cation Cooperative Catalysis by Ionic Liquids
Authors: Zhang Lifeng , Fu Xianlei , Gao Guohua 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe cooperative effects of cation–anion are elucidated in ionic liquid‐catalyzed reactions of aniline with ethylene carbonate and the reaction of phenylacetonitrile with dimethyl carbonate. Cations of ionic liquids activate electrophiles by the proton in the 2‐position of the imidazolium ring through the hydrogen‐bond interaction with the carbonyl group. The catalytic activity follows the order of 1‐butyl‐3‐methyl‐imidazolium ([Bmim])>1,2‐dimethyl‐3‐butyl imidazolium ([Bmmim])>1‐butyl‐pyridinium ([Bpy]), which is consistent with the order of the hydrogen bond donor ability. Simultaneously, anions of ionic liquids activate nucleophiles by accepting the hydrogen bond. The catalytic activity of imidazolium‐based ionic liquids follows the order Cl>Br>BF4>PF6>C(CN)2COOEt≈NTf2>BPh4, which is consistent with the order of the hydrogen bond acceptor ability. The dual activation of nucleophiles and electrophiles by the cations and anions of ionic liquids is crucial to promote the reaction in high yields.
A New Coordination Polymer Exhibiting Unique 2D Hydrogen‐Bonded (H2O)16 Ring Formation and Water‐Dependent Luminescence Properties
Authors: Wang Chih‐Chieh , Yang Ching‐Chun , Chung Wen‐Chun , Lee Gene‐Hsiang , Ho Mei‐Lin , Yu Ya‐Chien , Chung Min‐Wen , Sheu Hwo‐Shuenn , Shih Chien‐Hung , Cheng Kum‐Yi , Chang Pei‐Jen , Chou Pi‐Tai 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA new coordination polymer, [Zn(dpe)(bdc)]⋅4H2O (ZndB; dpe=1,2‐bis(4‐pyridyl)ethane, bdc2−=dianion of benzenedicarboxylic acid), which possesses a 3D metal–organic framework (MOF) has been synthesized and structurally characterized. This 3D MOF is constructed by the assembly of helical channels filled with guest water molecules in both inner and outer regions of the channel. The resulting network also creates a 2D water layer containing hydrogen‐bonded (H2O)16 rings as the basic building units. Thermogravimetric and powder X‐ray diffraction measurements of ZndB revealed a two‐step weight loss of water molecules with a reversible water adsorption/desorption process in the inner channel for the first stage, and irreversible water desorption in the outer channel for the second stage. This spongelike property is manifested by the excimer emission originating from interaction between dpe (π*) and the other dpe (π) of the proximal helical channel, which is highly sensitive to the environmental perturbation. Powder X‐ray analyses reveal that the dehydration process induces the readjustment of dpe π–π stacking distance/orientation, which results in dramatic luminescence changes from dim pale blue (λem≈470 nm) upon hydration to bright white‐light generation (broad, λem≈500–550 nm) upon water depletion, accompanied by a ≈100‐fold increase in the emission intensity.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid Double Metal Cyanide Catalysts for Hydroamination of Phenylacetylene.
Authors: Peeters Annelies , Valvekens Pieterjan , Vermoortele Frederik , Ameloot Rob , Kirschhock Christine , De Vos Dirk 
Published: July 2011

AbstractVarious double metal cyanides are shown to be highly active and recyclable heterogeneous catalysts for the title transformation.
Dry Desagglomeration of Nanoparticle Agglomerates in an Air Classifier Mill
Authors: Füchsel Sascha , Husemann Klaus , Peuker Urs 
Published: July 2011

AbstractDurch das Dispergieren von Partikeln in Gasen können Aerosole künstlich erzeugt werden und treten so in vielen technischen Prozessen (z. B. Coating) auf. Bei Nanopartikelflocken (flockige Agglomerate) stellt der beim trockenen Dispergieren ablaufende Prozessschritt der Desagglomeration eine besondere Herausforderung dar. Es wird auf Erfahrungen und Ergebnisse bei der trockenen Desagglomeration mit einer Sichtermühle eingegangen. Zum einen werden der Einfluss wesentlicher Prozessparameter und die Unterschiede zwischen granulometrisch differierenden Substanzen aus der Produktklasse Nanopartikelflocken diskutiert. Zum anderen wird gezeigt, welchen Einfluss die Transportlänge auf die Dispersität der erzeugten, sehr feinen und technisch interessanten Produktaerosole hat.
Spillover Distance of Activated Oxygen Atoms during Catalytic Soot Oxidation in Structured Layers of Nanoparticles
Authors: Zeng Lintao , Turek Thomas , Weber Alfred P. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractDie katalytische Oxidation von Kohlenstoffpartikeln ist u. a. bei der Regenerierung von Dieselruß‐Partikelfiltern von Bedeutung. Besteht zwischen Katalysator und Kohlenstoffpartikeln kein direkter Kontakt, so ist ein Transportschritt der aktivierten Sauerstoffatome notwendig (Oxygen‐Spillover). Die Reichweite der aktivierten Sauerstoffatome an Nanopartikel‐Schichtsystemen wurde untersucht. Die Partikelschichten bestanden aus einer ca. 20 μm dicken Platin‐Katalysatorschicht und einer ca. 300 μm dicken Kohlenstoffschicht, die durch eine inerte SiO2‐Partikelschicht mit variabler Dicke getrennt waren. Bei moderaten Umsätzen (&&num;60; 40 %), die noch ohne substantielle Änderungen der Struktur der C‐Partikelschicht ablaufen, wurde eine Reichweite von ca. 160 μm gefunden. Die Reichweite der oxidierenden Spezies kann einen Ausgangspunkt bei der geometrischen Gestaltung von effizienteren katalytisch imprägnierten Rußpartikelfiltern bilden.
Methanation of Synthetic Gas – Fundamentals and Process Development
Authors: Rönsch Stefan , Ortwein Andreas 
Published: July 2011

AbstractErdgas trägt heutzutage bedeutend zur weltweiten Energieversorgung bei. Um langfristig einerseits der Importabhängigkeit und damit starken Preisschwankungen begegnen zu können und andererseits die bestehende Erdgasinfrastruktur ausnutzen zu können, kann Erdgas teilweise durch synthetisches Erdgas (SNG) substituiert werden. SNG kann dabei sowohl auf der Basis von Kohle als auch – mit dem Ziel einen Beitrag zur Minderung klimarelevanter Gase leisten zu können – auf der Basis von Biomasse bereitgestellt werden. In Bezug auf die Bereitstellungskette vom Brennstoff zum SNG nimmt der Prozessschritt der Methanisierung aufgrund seines Einflusses auf die Prozesseffizienz und auf vor‐ sowie nachgelagerte Prozessschritte eine besondere Bedeutung ein. Wesentliche technische Grundlagen und Verfahrensentwicklungen der Methanisierung werden daher in diesem Beitrag vorgestellt.
Ionic Liquids for Electrochemical Deposition: Prospects and Challenges
Authors: Endres Frank 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIm vorliegenden Artikel werden die Chancen und Herausforderungen Ionischer Flüssigkeiten für elektrochemische Abscheideprozesse diskutiert. Trotz weiter elektrochemischer Fenster ist ihr elektrochemisches Verhalten erstaunlich kompliziert. Die Ionische Flüssigkeit kann die Abscheidung beeinflussen, und auf Festkörperoberflächen bilden sich Solvatschichten aus, deren Adsorption so stark ist, dass sie mit Rasterkraftmikroskopie bestimmt werden können. Ionische Flüssigkeiten beeinflussen elektrochemische Reaktionen, woraus sich Chancen für die anwendungsorientierte Galvanik ergeben könnten.
Spontaneous cyclic embryonic movements in humans and guinea pigs
Authors: Felt Renée H.M. , Mulder Eduard J.H. , Lüchinger Annemarie B. , van Kan Colette M. , Taverne Marcel A.M. , de Vries Johanna I.P. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractMotility assessment before birth can be used to evaluate the integrity of the nervous system. Sideways bending (SB) of head and/or rump, the earliest embryonic motility in both humans and guinea pigs, can be visualized sonographically. We know from other species that early embryonic motility is cyclic. This study explores the distribution of SB‐to‐SB intervals in human and guinea pig embryos before the appearance of more complex movements such as general movements. We hypothesized that the activity in both species is cyclic. We made 15‐min sonographic recordings of SBs between 5 weeks and 0 days (5wk0d) and 7wk0d conceptional age (CA) in 18 human embryos of uncomplicated IVF pregnancies (term 38 weeks) and in 20 guinea pig embryos between 3wk4d and 4wk0d CA (term 9 weeks). SB‐to‐SB interval durations were categorized as long (≥10 s) or short (<10 s) intervals. For human embryos, the median values for long and short intervals were 61 s (range, 10–165 s) and 3 s (range, 1–9 s) respectively; for guinea pigs 38 s (range, 10–288 s) and 5 s (range, 1–9 s), respectively. During development, the duration of long intervals decreased while the number of short intervals increased for both species. The earliest embryonic motility in the human and guinea pig is performed cyclically with distinct developmental milestones. The resemblance of their interval development offers promising possibilities to use the guinea pig as a noninvasive animal model of external influences on motor and neural development. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2012