bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive proteome map of bovine cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Brenn Anja , Karger Axel , Skiba Martin , Ziegler Ute , Groschup Martin H. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is considered as the most promising body fluid target for the discovery of biomarkers for early diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease in humans and bovine spongiform encephalopathy in cattle. For the recognition of disease‐associated changes in bovine CSF protein patterns, a detailed knowledge of this proteome is a prerequisite. The absence of a high‐resolution CSF proteome map prompted us to determine all bovine CSF protein spots that can be visualised on 2‐D protein gels. Using state‐of‐the‐art 2‐DE technology for proteome mapping of bovine ante mortem CSF combined with sensitive fluorescent protein staining and MALDI‐TOF/TOF MS for protein identification, a highly detailed 2‐DE map of the bovine CSF proteome was established. Besides the proteins mapped by earlier studies, this map contains 66 different proteins, including 58 which were not annotated in bovine 2‐DE CSF maps before.
Experimental Study of the Effect of Metal Nanopowders on the Decomposition of HMX, AP and AN
Authors: Gromov Alexander , Strokova Yulia , Kabardin Alexey , Vorozhtsov Alexander , Teipel Ulrich 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe effect of metal nanopowders (Al, Fe, W, Ni, Cu, and Cu‐Ni alloys) on the decomposition of energetic materials (HMX, AP, and AN) with DTA–TGA method was studied and it was found that the catalytic action appears in the case of Cu‐Ni nanopowders with the three studied energetic materials. The temperature of decomposition of energetic materials with the addition of metal nanopowders could be lowered by 82 °C for AN, 161 °C for AP, and 96 °C for HMX. The reaction mechanism of metal nanopowders enhancing the decomposition of energetic materials is discussed.
Characterisation of ALS genes in the polyploid species Schoenoplectus mucronatus and implications for resistance management
Authors: Scarabel Laura , Locascio Antonella , Furini Antonella , Sattin Maurizio , Varotto Serena 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: The polyploid weed Schoenoplectus mucronatus (L.) Palla has evolved target‐site resistance to ALS‐inhibiting herbicides in Italian rice crops. Molecular and genetic characterisation of the resistance mechanism is relevant to the evolution and management of herbicide resistance. The authors aimed (a) to study the organisation of the target‐site loci in two field‐selected S. mucronatus populations with different cross‐resistance patterns, (b) to identify the mutations endowing resistance to ALS inhibitors and determine the role of these mutations by using transgenesis and (c) to analyse the implications for the management of the S. mucronatus populations.RESULTS: Two complete ALS genes (ALS1 and ALS2) having an intron and a third partial intronless ALS gene (ALS3) were identified. The presence of multiple ALS genes was confirmed by Southern blot analyses, and ALS loci were characterised by examining cytosine methylation. In S. mucronatus leaves, the transcripts of ALS1, ALS2 and ALS3 were detected. Two mutations endowing resistance (Pro197 to His and Trp574 to Leu) were found in both resistant populations, but at different frequencies. Tobacco plants transformed with the two resistant alleles indicated that the Pro197‐to‐His substitution conferred resistance to SU and TP herbicides, while the allele with the Trp574‐to‐Leu substitution conferred cross‐resistance to SU, TP, IMI and PTB herbicides.CONCLUSION: Schoenoplectus mucronatus has multiple ALS genes characterised by methylated sites that can influence the expression profile. The two mutated alleles proved to be responsible for ALS resistance. At population level, the resistance pattern depends on the frequency of various resistant genotypes, and this influences the efficacy of various ALS‐inhibiting herbicides. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of polymer solar cell geometry on series resistance and device efficiency
Authors: Muhsin Burhan , Renz Joachim , Drüe Karl‐Heinz , Gobsch Gerhard , Hoppe Harald 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn order to study the influence of the organic solar cell device layout on the photovoltaic parameters, we systematically varied its geometry. By knowledge of all sheet resistances in the device, we were able to correlate the series resistance with the geometry of the device using a simple model for its calculation. Deviations between experiment and calculation could be related with the solar cell geometry and understood by postulating curved transport ways of the current within the largely resistive ITO‐layer. Thus, a further refinement of the calculation is required in order to minimize the deviation between calculation and experiment. Short solar cell lengths and ITO‐bridges yield minimal series resistance and best conversion efficiency.A schematic cross‐section of a polymer solar cell displays the current flow through the device. The corresponding contributions to the series resistance are depicted as well.magnified image
Improvement of polypyrrole and carbon nanotube co‐deposition techniques for high charge‐transfer electrodes
Authors: Castagnola Elisa , Biso Maurizio , Ricci Davide 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBoth carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and polypyrrole (PPy) have been investigated as materials for manufacturing high charge‐transfer electrodes due to their outstanding performances. The combination of their complementary properties via an electrochemical co‐deposition route has been already shown to achieve interesting results. In this work, PPy and chemically‐functionalized multi walled CNTs (COOH‐MWCNT) were potentiostatically, galvanostatically and potentiodynamically electrodeposited from an aqueous solution to form a nanocomposite on the surface of a variety of metal electrodes. A study of the influence of experimental parameters such as temperature, current, and growth rate in the different electrodeposition methods was performed. The electronic and electrochemical properties of the nanocomposite films have been studied by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, while a morphological study has been performed via scanning electron microscopy. A comparison between the different techniques and guidelines for best results will be reported.
Raman spectroscopy of single wall carbon nanotubes functionalized with terpyridine–ruthenium complexes
Authors: Müller M. , Papagelis K. , Maultzsch J. , Stefopoulos A. A. , Pefkianakis E. K. , Andreopoulou A. K. , Kallitsis J. K. , Thomsen C. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA resonant Raman scattering study on single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) decorated with terpyridine–Ru(II)–terpyridine (tpy–Ru(II)–tpy) moieties is presented. We compare samples synthesized bearing either monomeric or polymeric side chain tpy–Ru(II)–tpy dicomplexes. From the resonance profiles of the radial breathing modes (RBMs) the chiral indices of the corresponding tubes are assigned. We observe significant changes in the transition energies and the widths of the resonance windows due to chemical modification of SWCNTs.SWCNT, decorated with tpy–Ru–tpy–G1 monomer, following the “grafting to” approach.
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Spin‐dependent processes in ZnPc single layer devices
Authors: Schaefer Sebastian , Saremi Somaieh , Behrends Jan , Fostiropoulos Konstantinos , Lips Klaus , Harneit Wolfgang 
Published: November 2009

AbstractApplying continuous wave electrically detected magnetic resonance (EDMR) we investigate spin dependent currents in phthalocyanine thin films. Changing the electrode materials and geometries by switching from ITO/ZnPc/Al to coplanar Au/ZnPc/Au devices, we observe a change in sign and intensity of the signal. The shape and the resonance position of the signal do not change and are a fingerprint of the phthalocyanine material. We discuss two different models explaining our results and specifically the possibility of exchange coupling between the spins.
Current–phase relation in graphene and application to a superconducting quantum interference device
Authors: Girit Çağlar , Bouchiat Vincent , Naaman Ofer , Zhang Yuanbo , Crommie M. F. , Zettl A. , Siddiqi Irfan 
Published: November 2009

AbstractGraphene exhibits unique electrical properties on account of its reduced dimensionality and neutrino‐like “massless Dirac fermion” quasiparticle spectrum. When contacted with two superconducting electrodes, graphene can support Cooper pair transport, resulting in the well‐known Josephson effect. The current–phase relation in a ballistic graphene Josephson junction is unique, and could provide a signature for the detection of ballistic Dirac fermions. This relation can be measured experimentally either directly via incorporation of graphene in an RF superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) or indirectly via a dc‐SQUID. We calculate the expected flux modulation of the switching current in the case of the dc‐SQUID and compare the results to a previous experiment. Further experiments investigating the current–phase relation in graphene are promising for the observation of ballistic Dirac fermions.magnified image
Manipulation of graphene within a scanning force microscope
Authors: Eilers Stefan , Rabe Jürgen P. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe manipulated mono‐ and bi‐layers of graphene on oxidized silicon wafers with a scanning force microscope (SFM). Two principle effects were observed and analyzed: (1) Cutting graphene and thereby producing ribbons, and (2) turning graphene upside down. Both are attributed to the intrinsic properties of graphenes and their interaction with the underlying substrate.
Sorting and transmission electron microscopy analysis of single or double wall carbon nanotubes
Authors: Fleurier Romain , Lauret Jean‐Sébastien , Flahaut Emmanuel , Loiseau Annick 
Published: November 2009

AbstractOn the basis of the recent progress on the sorting of carbon nanotubes' structure with respect to their diameter or number of walls, we investigate by transmission electron microscopy the sorting efficiency, with a comparison with optical absorption spectroscopy measurements. We study density gradient ultracentrifugation sorted single walled or double walled carbon nanotubes, showing obviously the ability to separate carbon nanotubes of different diameters or/and number of walls. This microscopic approach affords accurate information about the sorted samples such as the real mean diameter, the relative concentration of double walled carbon nanotubes over single walled carbon nanotubes, standard deviation, and the real diameter distribution of carbon nanotubes, even beyond any possible accurate analysis from optical absorption spectroscopy. Therefore, we demonstrate that the diameter analysis of the sorted samples by TEM can indeed afford some information about the relevant optical properties of carbon nanotubes.
Assessing learning progression of energy concepts across middle school grades: The knowledge integration perspective
Authors: Lee Hee‐Sun , Liu Ou Lydia 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe use a construct‐based assessment approach to measure learning progression of energy concepts across physical, life, and earth science contexts in middle school grades. We model the knowledge integration construct in six levels in terms of the numbers of ideas and links used in student‐generated explanations. For this study, we selected 10 items addressing energy source, transformation, and conservation from published standardized tests and administered them to a status quo sample of 2688 middle school students taught by 29 teachers in 12 schools across 5 states. Results based on a Rasch partial credit model analysis indicate that conservation items are associated with the highest knowledge integration levels, followed by transformation and source items. Comparisons across three middle school grades and across physical, life, and earth science contexts reveal that the mean knowledge integration level of eighth‐grade students is significantly higher than that of sixth‐ or seventh‐grade students, and that the mean knowledge integration level of students who took a physical science course is significantly higher than that of students who took a life or earth science course. We discuss implications for research on learning progressions. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 94:665–688, 2010
Ein aktueller Schadensfall durch Terrassenbruch und seine Lehren
Authors: Graße Wolfgang , Lieberwirth Peter , Geißler Karsten 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBei der Montage eines schweren stählernen Fachwerkträgers von 78 m Länge auf einer festen Rüstung wurden im Bereich zahlreicher Knotenpunkte Terrassenbrüche von bis zu 600 mm Länge bemerkt. Diese bereits beim Schweißen in der Werkstatt aufgetretenen Brüche führten zum Verlust der Tragfähigkeit des Trägers. Im Beitrag wird auf die Ursachen der Terrassenbrüche und auf die Sanierung eingegangen. Insbesondere erscheinen Schlussfolgerungen für die Normung unumgänglich, um eine Wiederholung derartiger Schäden zu vermeiden.A current case of damage by lamellar tearing and its teachings.During the assembling process of a heavy steel truss girder of 78 m length on a scaffold, at numerous nodal points lamellar fractures up to 600 mm extension were detected. These fractures, appeared due to welding in the workshop, lead to the loss of load bearing capacity. The paper deals with the reasons of lamellar fractures and with the rehabilitation of the girder. In particular, conclusions regarding the standardization appear unavoidable to prevent the recurrence of such damages.
Characterization of Gastrulation-Stage Progenitor Cells and Their Inhibitory Crosstalk in Human Embryoid Bodies
Authors: Kopper Oded , Giladi Odil , Golan-Lev Tamar , Benvenisty Nissim 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Human embryoid bodies (HEBs) are cell aggregates that are produced during the course of embryonic stem cell differentiation in suspension. Mature HEBs have been shown to contain derivatives of the three embryonic germ layers. In this study, using a combination of laser capture microscopy followed by DNA microarray analysis and cell sorting, we demonstrate that early HEBs are composed of three major cell populations. These cell populations can be defined by the expression of specific cell markers, namely: (i) OCT4+, REX1−; (ii) NCAD+, OCT4−; and (iii) EPOR+, OCT4−. By analyzing gene expression in embryonic tissues, these cell populations could respectively be assigned to the embryonic ectoderm, mesendoderm, and extraembryonic endoderm lineages. We show that the extraembryonic endoderm, which selectively expresses platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGF-B), negatively affects the mesendoderm lineage, which selectively expresses the receptor PDGFRA. Our analysis suggests that early HEBs are spatially patterned and that cell differentiation is governed by interactions between the different cell types.
Non‐relativistic limit of two‐fluid Euler‐Maxwell equations arising from plasma physics
Authors: Yang J. , Wang S. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn this paper, the convergence of two‐fluid time‐dependent Euler‐Maxwell equations to two‐fluid compressible Euler‐Poisson equations in a torus via the non‐relativistic limit is studied. The local existence of smooth solutions to both systems is proved by using energy estimates for first order symmetrizable hyperbolic systems. For well prepared initial data, the method of asymptotic expansion and energy methods are used to rigorously justify the convergence of the limit.
Hierarchy of mathematical models for production processes of technical textiles
Authors: Klar A. , Marheineke N. , Wegener R. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn this work we present a hierarchy of mathematical models for the numerical simulation of the production process of technical textiles. The models range from highly complex three‐dimensional fluid‐solid interactions to one‐dimensional fiber dynamics with stochastic aerodynamic drag and further to efficiently manageable stochastic surrogate models for fiber lay‐down. They are theoretically and numerically analyzed and coupled via asymptotic analysis, similarity estimates, and parameter identification. The model hierarchy is applicable to a wide range of industrially relevant production processes and enables the optimization, control, and design of technical textiles.
Odontoid metastasis: a potential lethal complication
Authors: Rayan Faizal , Mukundan Cibu , Shukla D. D. , Barrington R. L. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractNearly one third of cervical spine metastasis has a primary breast malignancy. Patients with cervical metastasis have higher mortality due to advanced stage of the malignancy. Treatment is palliative to relieve pain, prevent pathological fracture, improve mobility and function, and prolong survival. We describe a 40-year-old woman with a history of breast cancer who presented with neck and shoulder pain of 1 week duration with no neurological deficit. Following clinical examination, radiographs taken of the cervical spine was normal. Radiographs repeated 3 weeks later revealed a large lytic lesion of the odontoid occupying 70–80% of the peg. Further investigation including magnetic resonance imaging and bone scan showed no further spinal lesions. She underwent cyclical radiotherapy with complete resolution of the odontoid peg lesion and clinically was asymptomatic at 2 years. Metastatic lesions of the odontoid are atypical, and this case reinforces the necessity of early detection to evade disastrous consequences.
Stem modularity alone is not effective in reducing dislocation rate in hip revision surgery
Authors: Regis Dario , Sandri Andrea , Bartolozzi Pietro 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Background
Dislocation is a serious complication following total hip arthroplasty (THA). Femoral revision using monoblock components has been associated with high incidence of subsidence and dislocation. Advantages of modular stems in THA have long been debated. The aim of this retrospective study is to assess the capability of an uncemented modular stem in decreasing the incidence of early dislocation subsequent to revision THA.

Materials and methods
We evaluated the dislocation rate during the first 2 years following revision surgery in two groups of patients who were treated by implantation of a cementless tapered femoral prosthesis; a standard-modularity stem (Wagner SL) and an increased-modularity stem (Profemur R) were used, respectively, in 66 hips (group I, 64 patients) and 102 hips (group II, 97 patients). Group I consisted of 47 females and 17 males with average age of 66 years (range 29–84 years). Group II included 60 females and 37 males with average age of 70 years (range 48–89 years).

Results
Dislocation occurred in six hips (9.1%) of group I and in seven hips (6.8%) of group II (P = 0.401). Dislocations were observed early in both groups, except one hip in group II that dislocated 434 days postoperatively and required surgical reduction. All other dislocations were treated by closed reduction. No recurrence was observed.

Conclusions
The use of an increased-modularity revision stem alone did not prove to be effective in reducing the risk of postoperative dislocation.
Incarcerated obturator hernia: pitfalls in the application of ultrasound
Authors: Ogata Masaaki 
Published: November 2009

Abstract

Objective
To describe ultrasonographic appearance and diagnoses of incarcerated obturator hernia.

Methods
Three consecutive cases of incarcerated obturator hernia examined preoperatively with ultrasound were presented to show the pitfalls in the application of ultrasound for the recognition of the entity. Retrospectively reviewed, ultrasound directly demonstrated an incarcerated obturator hernia in all the cases.

Results
The herniated segment was delineated posterior to the pectineus muscle in the femoral triangle. However, the sonographer mistakenly interpreted it showed a femoral hernia in the first case. In the third case, the sonographer did not scan the femoral regions in the initial examination although he confirmed the evidence of small bowel obstruction. The evidence of an incarcerated obturator hernia was detected in the re-examination with ultrasound after it had been revealed by CT scan. Consequently, ultrasound was evaluated as applicable and useful for the recognition of incarcerated obturator hernia.

Conclusion
Ultrasound is an useful tool for detecting obturator hernia. However, adequate education and training for examiners are required to prevent false interpretation or overlooking of the entity.
Gendering Ottoman Labor History: The Cibali Régie Factory in the Early Twentieth Century
Authors: Balsoy Gülhan 
Published: November 2009

SummaryThis article examines the “mutual distancing” between Ottoman labor history and women’s and gender history. For this purpose, I first summarize the scholarship produced by each field and scrutinize the ways in which both fields have remained unresponsive toward one another. I then offer a specific way to make women visible to labor history in the particular setting of the Cibali Régie Factory in the early decades of the twentieth century. Using photographic images of the factory and an approach which applies gender as a conceptual tool of historical analysis, I discuss the social conditions of work, the sexual division of labor, and the channels through which power structures were established in the Cibali factory. This study does not claim to present a comprehensive history of labor in the Ottoman Empire; my goal is rather to make women visible to labor history, to remind one that women were present on the shop floor, and to discuss how the available sources can be interpreted in gendered ways. In that sense, this article challenges the mainstream of Ottoman labor history, and seeks to answer the question as to why the female workers who appear in the photographs, in archival documents, and in other sources have so far remained largely invisible in the historiography.
Compulsory Mine Work: The Single-Party Regime and the Zonguldak Coalfield as a Site of Contention, 1940–1947
Authors: Gürboğa NurŞen 
Published: November 2009

SummaryThis study examines the forms of state domination over mine labour and the struggles of coalminers at the Zonguldak coalfield during World War II. It is focused on the everyday experiences of compulsory workers as reflected in petitions by those workers and the surveillance materials of the single-party regime at the time. Its aim is to reveal how, under an authoritarian regime, compulsory workers created a political agency. The compulsory labour system was one of the most coercive devices with which the state controlled mine labour between 1940 and 1947, but the compulsory workers negotiated with the political elite for their living and working conditions, and did so within a political sphere which had been devised by the ruling elite as a governmental strategy for managing and shaping the population. By subverting the political discourse of the ruling elite, the miners contributed not just to the development of workers’ rights, but also helped reveal the merits of a democratic society.