bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduced Drug Use and Hospitalization Rates in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis Who Received Pharmaceutical Care: A 2‐Year, Randomized, Controlled Study
Authors: Pai Amy Barton , Boyd Alex , Depczynski Joseph , Chavez Isela Martinez , Khan Nasreen , Manley Harold 
Published: November 2009

Study Objective. To investigate the impact of a pharmaceutical care program managed by clinical pharmacists on drug use, drug costs, hospitalization rates, and drug‐related problems (DRPs) in ambulatory patients undergoing hemodialysis.Design. Prospective, randomized, controlled, longitudinal, 2‐year pilot study.Setting. Nonprofit university‐affiliated dialysis clinic.Patients. One hundred four patients older than 18 years with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) who were undergoing a stable hemodialysis regimen for at least 3 months.Intervention. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either pharmaceutical care, consisting of one‐on‐one care, with in‐depth drug therapy reviews conducted by a clinical pharmacist (57 patients), or standard of care, consisting of brief drug therapy reviews conducted by a nurse (47 patients).Measurements and Main Results. Baseline data on demographic and clinical characteristics were collected. Mean numbers of concomitant drugs, drug costs, hospitalization rates, and lengths of stay were compared between the groups. In the pharmaceutical care group, DRPs were identified and recorded. Baseline age, length of time receiving hemodialysis, and etiology of ESRD were not significantly different between the groups. Mean number of concomitant drugs at baseline was similar between the groups. At the end of the 2‐year follow‐up, pharmaceutical care was associated with a significant decrease of 14% fewer drugs compared with standard of care, as documented during each drug therapy review (p<0.05). There were significantly fewer all‐cause hospitalizations among patients assigned to pharmaceutical care compared with those receiving standard of care (mean ± SD 1.8 ± 2.4 vs 3.1 ± 3 hospitalizations, p=0.02), and the cumulative time hospitalized was shorter in the pharmaceutical care group compared with the standard of care group (9.7 ± 14.7 vs 15.5 ± 16.3 days, p=0.06). During the study period, 530 DRPs were identified and resolved.Conclusion. Identification and resolution of DRPs through pharmaceutical care resulted in decreased drug use and costs for patients undergoing hemodialysis. Hospitalization rates were significantly lower in the pharmaceutical care group, with a trend toward shorter duration. Provision of pharmaceutical care is associated with tangible benefits on outcomes in ambulatory patients undergoing hemodialysis and should be considered in health care policy decisions.
Scale Squeeze Evaluation Through Improved Sample Preservation, Inhibitor Detection, and Minimum Inhibitor Concentration Monitoring
Authors: Ramstad Kari , Rohde Hans Christian , Tydal Trine , Christensen Dorthe 
Published: November 2009

Summary
In North Sea oil and gas fields, seawater injection is used for reservoir pressure support. Formation water and seawater mixing may lead to sulphate scaling in the near-wellbore area, tubing, and process systems. Scale-inhibitor squeeze treatments are applied to protect the producers and extend the field lifetime. Reducing cost and prolonging the squeeze lifetime is essential. In some Statoil Hydro-operated fields, squeeze lifetime has been evaluated based on inhibitor-return concentration and cumulative-water treated. Field experience and laboratory studies have determined the criteria for resqueezing the wells.
One critical aspect of downhole-scale management is the laboratory determined minimum inhibitor concentration (MIC) of the squeeze inhibitor. If the MIC is lower than the concentration of inhibitor required to prevent scale at real conditions, the well may scale up. Field examples are given in which sulphate scale was observed downhole and in the tubing around the safety valve even if the inhibitor concentration was higher than the laboratory-determined MIC. MIC varies throughout the well lifetime according to variation in brine chemistry/operating conditions and should be re-evaluated frequently.
Polymer squeeze inhibitors are difficult to measure with sufficient accuracy at a low concentration. However, adequate preservation of the water samples may improve the detection. The volume of water produced before reaching MIC can be significantly increased with improved inhibitor-detection methods.
Laboratory studies have been performed addressing the sensitivity of inhibitor detection as a function of ion composition, inhibitor concentration, as well as a particles and preservation additive. Parallel samples have been taken offshore. MIC has been determined for a range of formation/seawater mixtures.
This paper describes laboratory analyses, sampling procedures, well monitoring, inhibitor-return detection, and field/well-lifetime MIC determination as methods to obtain a long but safe squeeze lifetime.
Successful Optimization of Viscoelastic Foamed Fracturing Fluids With Ultralightweight Proppants for Ultralow-Permeability Reservoirs
Authors: Cawiezel Kay E. , Gupta D.V.S.. V.S. 
Published: November 2009

Summary
Successful fracturing treatments in ultralow-permeability reservoirs require combining the most recent innovations in fracturing technologies. Viscoelastic surfactants, foams, and ultralightweight proppants (ULWPs) have specific properties that when combined offer the unique performance required in fracturing these reservoirs. Viscoelastic-surfactant foams are particularly suited for treating ultralow-permeability reservoirs because they minimize the interfacial tension and minimize the amount of water used in the fracturing fluid. This significantly reduces the permanent retention of water and the amount of water trapped in the near-wellbore region that would impair the ability of gas to flow (Gupta 2009).
Inexpensive, logistically simple, polymer-free viscoelastic surfactants provide exceptionally high viscosity under low-shear conditions required for proppant transport. They also provide excellent cleanup characteristics. Foamed viscoelastic surfactants provide increased viscosity for frac width, provide better leakoff control, and further improve fluid cleanup characteristics, particularly in low-pressure reservoirs. ULWPs provide excellent transport properties in conventional fracturing fluids with minimal viscosity, which ensures desired effective propped-fracture conductivity. Use of these ULWPs in foamed viscoelastic fluids provides fracturing treatments with optimum proppant placement and excellent cleanup. As with all successfully applied fracturing fluids, the fluid systems must be optimized. These combined systems require significant laboratory testing to characterize and optimize the fluid system successfully for the demands of ultralow-permeability reservoirs. This paper focuses on small- and large-scale laboratory testing performed to optimize these viscoelastic foamed systems in an effort to test the technical limit of this new technology for future field developments.
Association of abnormal vaginal flora and Ureaplasma species as risk factors for preterm birth: a cohort study
Authors: BREUGELMANS MARIA , VANCUTSEM ELLEN , NAESSENS ANNE , LAUBACH MONICA , FOULON WALTER 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjective. To find out whether the presence of Ureaplasma species (U. spp.) in combination with an alteration of the normal vaginal flora is an independent risk factor for preterm delivery. Design. Prospective observational study. Setting. Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital in Brussels. Population. A total of 1,988 singleton pregnancies were included. Methods. From each woman, a cervical culture for U. spp. was obtained and the vaginal flora evaluated at the first prenatal visit. The presence of known risk factors for preterm delivery was recorded. Preterm birth was defined as delivery < 37 weeks. Results. There were 97 (4.9%) preterm births. In patients delivered before 37 weeks, abnormal vaginal flora was detected in 22.7% and U. spp. in 53.6% of these. The conditions were found together in 17.5%. In patients delivered at term, an abnormal vaginal flora was detected in 14.4% and U. spp. in 41.4% of these women, while they co‐existed in 8.2%. Using a logistic regression analysis taking into account known risk factors for preterm birth and the microbiological parameters, preterm delivery was correlated with the presence of U. spp. (odds ratio (OR) 1.64; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08–2.48; p = 0.02) and abnormal vaginal flora in combination with U. spp. (OR 2.35; 95% CI 1.35–4.10; p = 0.003). No significant correlation between the presence of abnormal vaginal flora and preterm delivery (p = 0.09) was found. Conclusions. Preterm delivery was significantly correlated with the presence of U. spp. The risk for preterm delivery increased when U. spp. was associated with an abnormal vaginal flora.
Accuracy of preoperative tests in clinical stage I endometrial cancer: the importance of lymphadenectomy
Authors: CHO HANBYOUL , KIM YOUNG TAE , KIM JAE‐HOON 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjective. To evaluate the accuracy of preoperative tests for endometrial cancer in predicting the need for lymphadenectomy. Design. Retrospective study. Setting. Tertiary university hospital. Sample. One hundred and eighty‐two patients diagnosed with clinical stage I endometrial cancer. Methods. Review of medical records of the patients preoperatively diagnosed with stage I disease at Yonsei University Health System between April 2000 and December 2007. Main outcome measures. Preoperative assessment of the tumor grade, depth of myometrial invasion and lymph node metastases were compared with final pathologic results. Survival was analyzed by Cox multivariate regression analysis. Results. In 104 cases with preoperative tumor grade 1, the final pathology was upgraded in 19 cases (18.3%). MRI correctly differentiated among stage Ia, Ib and Ic disease in 58.2% (106/182) of patients. Of the 166 patients undergoing lymphadenectomy, 20 (12.0%) had retroperitoneal lymph node metastases. The sensitivity and specificity of MRI for detection of lymph node metastases was 45% and 80.8%, respectively. Myometrial invasion (hazard ratio = 17.14, p = 0.037) and lymph node metastases (hazard ratio = 8.94, p = 0.042) were independent prognostic factors for overall survival. Conclusions. Incorrect decisions might be made for a substantial number of patients based on preoperative tests. Full systematic lymphadenectomy is necessary to accurately determine the extent of the disease and to guide correct decision making about tailoring adjuvant therapy, even in patients suspected of early stage disease by preoperative tests.
Genetic variants in the noncoding region of RPS19 gene in Diamond‐Blackfan anemia: Potential implications for phenotypic heterogeneity
Authors: Crétien Aurore , Proust Alexis , Delaunay Jean , Rincé Patricia , Leblanc Thierry , Ducrocq Rolande , Simansour Maud , Marie Isabelle , Tamary Hannah , Meerpohl Jörg , Niemeyer Charlotte , Gazda Hanna , Sieff Colin , Ball Sarah , Tchernia Gil , Mohandas Narla , Da Costa Lydie 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMutations in the RPS19 gene have been identified in 25% of individuals affected by Diamond‐Blackfan anemia (DBA), a congenital erythroblastopenia characterized by an aregenerative anemia and a variety of malformations. More than 60 mutations in the five coding exons of RPS19 have been described to date. We previously reported a mutation (c.‐1 + 26G>T) and an insertion at −631 upstream of ATG (c.‐147_‐146insGCCA) in the noncoding region. Because DBA phenotype is extremely heterogeneous from silent to severe and because haploinsufficiency seems to play a role in this process, it is likely that genetic variations in the noncoding regions affecting translation of RPS19 can modulate the phenotypic expression of DBA. However, to date, very few studies have addressed this question comprehensively. In this study, we performed detailed sequence analysis of the RPS19 gene in 239 patients with DBA and 110 of their relatives. We found that 6.2% of the patients with DBA carried allelic variations upstream of ATG: 3.3% with c.‐1 + 26G>T; 2.5% with c.‐147_‐146insGCCA; and 0.4% with c.‐174G>A. Interestingly, the c.‐147_‐146insGCCA, which has been found in a black American and French Caribbean control population, was not found in 500 Caucasian control chromosomes we studied. However, it was found in association with the same haplotype distribution of four intronic polymorphisms in our patients with DBA. Although a polymorphism, the frequency of this variant in the patients with DBA and its association with the same haplotype raises the possibility that this polymorphism and the other genetic variations in the noncoding region could play a role in DBA pathogenesis. Am. J. Hematol., 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pleiotropic effects on subclasses of HDL, adiposity, and glucose metabolism in adult Alaskan Eskimos
Authors: Tejero M. Elizabeth , Voruganti V.S. , Cai Guowen , Cole Shelley A. , Laston Sandra , Wenger Charlotte R. , Mac Cluer Jean W. , Dyke Bennet , Devereux Richard , Ebbesson Sven O. , Fabsitz Richard R. , Howard B.V. , Comuzzie A.G. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe aim of this study was to analyze the heritability and the presence of pleiotropic effects on subfractions of high‐density lipoproteins (HDLs) as measured by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), parameters for adiposity, and glucose metabolism in adult Alaskan Eskimos. The present family study included 1,214 adult Alaskan Eskimos (537 male/677 female). Body weight, height, circumferences, selected skinfolds, and blood pressure were measured in all participants. Blood samples were collected under fasting conditions for the isolation of plasma. Glucose, insulin, subclasses and size of lipoproteins, triglycerides, total, and HDL cholesterol and lipoprotein (a) were measured in plasma. HbA1c was measured in total blood. Univariate and bivariate quantitative genetic analyses were conducted between HDL subclasses and size and the anthropometric and biochemical measures using the variance decomposition approach. Variation in all the analyzed traits exhibits a significant genetic component. Heritabilities ranged between 0.18 ± 0.11 for LDL2 (intermediate) and 0.89 ± 0.07 for small HDL. No common genetic effects were found on the HDL subclasses (small, intermediate, and large). Small HDL particles were genetically correlated with LDL particles and HbA1c. Negative genetic correlations were observed between intermediate and large HDL subfractions, HDL size and measures of adiposity, and LDL and parameters for glucose metabolism (HbA1, insulin). These observations confirm the presence of possible pleiotropic effects on HDL, adiposity, and cardiovascular risk factors and provide novel insight on the relationship between HDL subclasses, adiposity, and glucose regulation. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of high‐intensity resistance training in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lemmey Andrew B. , Marcora Samuele M. , Chester Kathryn , Wilson Sally , Casanova Francesco , Maddison Peter J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo confirm, in a randomized controlled trial (RCT), the efficacy of high‐intensity progressive resistance training (PRT) in restoring muscle mass and function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Additionally, to investigate the role of the insulin‐like growth factor (IGF) system in exercise‐induced muscle hypertrophy in the context of RA.MethodsTwenty‐eight patients with established, controlled RA were randomized to either 24 weeks of twice‐weekly PRT (n = 13) or a range of movement home exercise control group (n = 15). Dual x‐ray absorptiometry–assessed body composition (including lean body mass [LBM], appendicular lean mass [ALM], and fat mass); objective physical function; disease activity; and muscle IGFs were assessed at weeks 0 and 24.ResultsAnalyses of variance revealed that PRT increased LBM and ALM (P < 0.01); reduced trunk fat mass by 2.5 kg (not significant); and improved training‐specific strength by 119%, chair stands by 30%, knee extensor strength by 25%, arm curls by 23%, and walk time by 17% (for objective function tests, P values ranged from 0.027 to 0.001 versus controls). In contrast, body composition and physical function remained unchanged in control patients. Changes in LBM and regional lean mass were associated with changes in objective function (P values ranged from 0.126 to <0.0001). Coinciding with muscle hypertrophy, previously diminished muscle levels of IGF‐1 and IGF binding protein 3 both increased following PRT (P < 0.05).ConclusionIn an RCT, 24 weeks of PRT proved safe and effective in restoring lean mass and function in patients with RA. Muscle hypertrophy coincided with significant elevations of attenuated muscle IGF levels, revealing a possible contributory mechanism for rheumatoid cachexia. PRT should feature in disease management.
Combined role of type IX collagen and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein in cartilage matrix assembly: Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein counteracts type IX collagen–induced limitation of cartilage collagen fibril growth in mouse chondrocyte cultures
Authors: Blumbach K. , Bastiaansen‐Jenniskens Y. M. , DeGroot J. , Paulsson M. , van Osch G. J. V. M. , Zaucke F. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjectiveDefects in the assembly and composition of cartilage extracellular matrix are likely to result in impaired matrix integrity and increased susceptibility to cartilage degeneration. The aim of this study was to determine the functional interaction of the collagen fibril–associated proteins type IX collagen and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) during cartilage matrix formation.MethodsPrimary chondrocytes from mice deficient in type IX collagen and COMP (double‐deficient) were cultured in monolayer or alginate beads. Anchorage of matrix proteins, proteoglycan and collagen content, collagen crosslinks, matrix metalloproteinase activity, and mechanical properties of the matrix were measured. Electron microscopy was used to study the formation of fibrillar structures.ResultsIn cartilage lacking both type IX collagen and COMP, matrilin 3 showed decreased matrix anchorage. Less matrilin 3 was deposited in the matrix of double‐deficient chondrocytes, while larger amounts were secreted into the medium. Proteoglycans were less well retained in the matrix formed in alginate cultures, while collagen deposition was not significantly affected. Electron microscopy revealed similar cartilage collagen fibril diameters in the cultures of double‐deficient and wild‐type chondrocytes. In contrast, a larger fibril diameter was observed in the matrix of chondrocytes deficient in only type IX collagen.ConclusionOur results show that type IX collagen and COMP are involved in matrix assembly by mediating the anchorage and regulating the distribution of other matrix macromolecules such as proteoglycans and matrilins and have counteracting effects on collagen fibril growth. Loss of type IX collagen and COMP leads to matrix aberrations that may make cartilage more susceptible to degeneration.
Inhibitor of DNA binding/differentiation 2 induced by hypoxia promotes synovial fibroblast–dependent osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Kurowska‐Stolarska Mariola , Distler Jörg H. W. , Jüngel Astrid , Rudnicka Weronika , Neumann Elena , Pap Thomas , Wenger Roland H. , Michel Beat A. , Müller‐Ladner Ulf , Gay Renate E. , Maslinski Wlodzimierz , Gay Steffen , Distler Oliver 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo map hypoxic areas in arthritic synovium and to establish the relevance of low oxygen levels to the phenotype of synovial fibroblasts, with special focus on bone degradation.MethodsTo analyze the distribution of hypoxia in arthritic joints, the hypoxia marker EF5 was administered to mice with collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA). To evaluate the effect of hypoxia on rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RASFs), reverse suppression subtractive hybridization and complementary DNA array were used. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate the expression of inhibitor of DNA binding/differentiation 2 (ID‐2). To investigate the function of ID‐2 in RASFs, cells were transfected either with ID‐2 vector or with ID‐2–specific small interfering RNA.ResultsEF5 staining showed the presence of hypoxia in arthritic joints, particularly at sites of synovial invasion into bone. Differential expression analysis revealed that ID‐2 was strongly induced by hypoxia in RASFs. Immunohistochemical analysis of CIA mouse synovium and human RA synovium showed a strong expression of ID‐2 by RASFs at sites of synovial invasion into bone. Overexpression of ID‐2 in RASFs significantly induced the expression of several factors promoting osteoclastogenesis. The biologic relevance of the potent osteoclastogenesis‐promoting effects was shown by coculture assays of ID‐2–overexpressing RASFs with bone marrow cells, leading to an increased differentiation of osteoclasts from bone marrow precursors.ConclusionThe data show that hypoxic conditions are present at sites of inflammation and synovial invasion into bone in arthritic synovium. Hypoxia‐induced ID‐2 may contribute to joint destruction in RA patients by promoting synovial fibroblast–dependent osteoclastogenesis.
Liquid‐Solid Mass Transfer Behavior of a Vertical Array of Closely Spaced Horizontal Tubes in Relation to Catalytic and Electrochemical Reactor Design
Authors: Zewail T. M. , Zatout A. A. , El‐Taweel Y. A. , Sedahmed G. H. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe rates of mass transfer at a vertical array of closely spaced horizontal tubes were measured by the limiting‐current technique under single‐phase flow, gas sparging and two‐phase flow. The single‐phase flow data were correlated by the equation: Sh = 0.75 Sc0.33 Re0.59. The gas sparging data with no net solution flow were correlated by the equation: J = 0.31(Reg.Fr)–0.22. For two‐phase flow, the gas flow was found to enhance the rate of array mass transfer by a factor ranging from 1.25 to 5.25, depending on Reg and Re. The enhancement ratio increases with decreasing Re and increasing Reg. For Re ≥ 2500, the rate of mass transfer approaches the value of single‐phase flow, regardless of the value of Reg, which ranged from 7 to 41. The importance of the present geometry in building electrochemical and catalytic reactors, where exothermic liquid‐solid diffusion‐controlled reactions take place, is highlighted. The present geometry offers the advantage that the outer surface acts as a turbulence promoter while the inner surface acts as a heat exchanger.
Ring‐Closing Metathesis and Photo‐Fries Reaction for the Construction of the Ansamycin Antibiotic Kendomycin: Development of a Protecting Group Free Oxidative Endgame
Authors: Magauer Thomas , Martin Harry J. , Mulzer Johann 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTwo convergent total syntheses of the ansa‐polyketide (−)‐kendomycin (1) are described. The syntheses benefit from the use of readily available and cheap starting materials. Highly complex diastereoselective Claisen–Ireland rearrangements were used to introduce the (E)‐double bond and the C16‐Me group. The ring closure of the strained ansa macrocycle was achieved by ring‐closing metathesis and a highly efficient combination of macrolactonization and photo‐Fries reaction. A protecting group free endgame via an unstable o‐quinone is presented. Additionally some unsuccessful synthetic efforts towards the total synthesis of 1 are described.