bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Welfare regimes, population health and health inequalities: a research synthesis
Authors: Brennenstuhl Sarah , Quesnel-Vallée Amélie , McDonough Peggy 
Published: November 2011

BackgroundResearch on the social determinants of health is increasingly using welfare regime theory. Although a key argument is that population health will be better and health inequalities lower in social democratic regimes than in others, this research has not been subjected to a systematic review. This paper identifies and assesses empirical studies that explicitly use a welfare regime typology in comparative health research.Methods15 electronic databases and relevant bibliographies were searched to identify empirical studies published in English-language journals from January 1970 to February 2011. Thirty-three studies appearing in 14 peer-reviewed journals between 1994 and 2011 met the inclusion criteria.ResultsThree welfare regime typologies and their variants dominated existing work, which consisted of two broad study types: One compared population health and health inequalities across welfare regimes; the other considered relationships between health and the political determinants and policies of welfare regimes. Studies were further distinguished by the presence or absence of statistical significance testing of relationships of interest. Just under one half of studies comparing outcomes by regime found at least some evidence that health inequalities were lowest or population health was the best in social democratic countries. Studies analysing the relationship between health (mortality) and the political determinants or policies of welfare states were more likely to report results consistent with welfare regime theory.ConclusionsHealth differences by regime were not always consistent with welfare regime theory. Measurement of policy instruments or outcomes of welfare regimes may be more promising for public health research than the use of typologies alone.
Punctate LC3B Expression Is a Common Feature of Solid Tumors and Associated with Proliferation, Metastasis, and Poor Outcome
Authors: Lazova Rossitza , Camp Robert L. , Klump Vincent , Siddiqui Summar F. , Amaravadi Ravi K. , Pawelek John M. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPurpose: Measurement of autophagy in cancer and correlation with histopathologic grading or clinical outcomes has been limited. Accordingly, we investigated LC3B as an autophagosome marker by analyzing nearly 1,400 tumors from 20 types of cancer, focusing on correlations with clinical outcomes in melanoma and breast cancer.Experimental Design: Staining protocols were developed for automated quantitative analysis (AQUA) using antibodies versus LC3 isoform B (LC3B) and Ki-67. Clinically annotated breast and melanoma tissue microarrays (TMA) and a multitumor array were used. An AQUA program was developed to quantitate LC3B distribution in punctate and diffuse compartments of the cell.Results: LC3B staining was moderate to high in the large majority of tumors. The percentage of area occupied by punctate LC3B was elevated by 3- to 5-fold at high LC3B intensities. In breast cancer and melanoma TMAs, LC3B and Ki-67 showed strong correlations (P &lt; 0.0001), and in multitumor TMAs, mitotic figures were most often seen in tumors with the highest LC3B expression (P &lt; 0.002). In breast cancer, LC3B expression was elevated in node-positive versus node-negative primaries and associated with increased nuclear grade and shortened survival. In a melanoma TMA with no survival data, LC3B levels were highest in nodal, visceral, and cutaneous metastases.Conclusions: The results reveal a common expression of LC3B in malignancy and support emerging evidence that autophagy plays a significant role in cancer progression. High LC3B was associated proliferation, invasion and metastasis, high nuclear grade, and worse outcome. Thus, autophagy presents a key target of therapeutic vulnerability in solid tumors. Clin Cancer Res; 18(2); 370–9. ©2011 AACR.
Current Copyright Law and Fair Use: The Council of Editors of Learned Journals, Keynote Address, MLA Convention 2000
Authors: Spoo Robert , Orlans Harold , Cornett Michael 
Published: November 2011

For its keynote address at the 2000 MLA Convention, the Council of Editors of Learned Journals asked two experts in the area of publishing and copyright law to update editors and publishers about issues of copyright and fair use facing us in the digital age. Robert Spoo, a former academic journal editor and now a lawyer specializing in intellectual property law, warns that editors must be more mindful than ever, in light of new forms of digital publishing and republishing of scholarly work, to take care of their professional interests. He examines some problems we can expect to confront as the analogue world is further ‘consumed’ by the digital world. The doctrine of fair use must be intelligently applied to support scholarly interests. Harold Orlans, a long-time observer of the publishing world as editor of The Independent Scholar and a columnist for Change, the bimonthly magazine of the American Association for Higher Education, responds to Spoo's presentation and suggests how those in the scholarly publishing field might effectively stand behind fair use by providing sound directives for both upholding fair use and reducing the growing chaos surrounding copyright permissions. Both Spoo and Orlans would like to see scholarly editors and publishers avoid timidity before the law and instead lead in the area of copyright and fair use.
Handlers' hygiene practices in small restaurants of Vadodara
Authors: Sheth Mini , Gupta Ashima , Ambegaonkar Tejal 
Published: November 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to report the hygiene and sanitation practices of restaurant food handlers of urban Vadodara, Gujarat, India.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 55 food handlers were purposively selected, to study their personal hygiene and unit hygiene practices using semi‐structured questionnaire and observation schedules, from 40 small and medium‐sized restaurants of urban Vadodara. Microbial analysis of five samples, namely, hand rinse sample, table mop cloth, towel, knife and plate swabs was carried out to determine the total plate count and presence of Staphylococcus aureus, Coliform counts, Salmonella, Shigella, E. coli 0157:H7.FindingsMost food handlers exhibited poor personal hygiene and poor personal habits. E. coli 0157:H7 was detected in two out of three knife samples and table mop cloth samples; Salmonella was detected in one of the table mops cloths and two hand towel samples, respectively. Two of the table mop cloth samples also indicated presence of Shigella.Research limitations/implicationsThe survey of food handlers implies gross violation of codex guidelines laid down for safe cooking and services practices for small and medium‐sized restaurants.Practical implicationsConsumption of foods at small and medium‐sized restaurants of urban Vadodara poses a high risk for the consumers.Originality/valueThis is an original study which should act as an eye opener for the food safety officers who need to enforce the food safety laws more stringently, so as to reduce the risk of outbreaks of food borne illnesses in the city of Vadodara.
Sustainable national income: information for attaining sustainability
Authors: Hueting Roefie 
Published: November 2011

PurposeThis paper aims to provide information about which conditions green supply chains have to fulfil in order to attain an environmentally sustainable situation.Design/methodology/approachThe paper describes a macro economic analysis in which, first, the non‐human – made physical surroundings is described as a collection of possible uses, or environmental functions, on which human life is entirely dependent. Second, the possibilities and impossibilities of evaluating environmental functions are described. Third, it is stated that competing functions are by definition economic goods. Fourth, the concepts of national income (NI) ex asymmetric entries and the environmentally sustainable national income (eSNI) are formulated. Fifth it is shown why the estimate of eSNI has to be realised with the aid of an economic model. Sixth, it is argued why there is no conflict between environmental conservation and employment. Finally, the relation of this analysis and supply chains is given.FindingsThe results of an environmentally sustainable production level (the eSNI) is given, both for The Netherlands and for the world. It is found that a series NIs ex asymmetric entries and a series of eSNIs alongside the standard NI would greatly ameliorate the information about the inevitable choices between the growth of production and safeguarding vital environmental functions for future generations.Originality/valueBoth the concepts presented and the results of the estimates are original.
Study of acrylic emulsion for ultraviolet curable pressure sensitive adhesives and its properties
Authors: Bhore Nishant , Mahanwar Prakash 
Published: November 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to synthesise UV curable emulsion latex and to study characteristics and various performance properties such as tackiness, peel adhesion and cohesive strength for pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) application after UV curing.Design/methodology/approachThe two component water‐based ultraviolet (UV) curable acrylate PSAs were synthesised by emulsion copolymerization. The synthesised emulsion samples were characterised and various performance properties such as tackiness, peel adhesion and cohesive strength for PSAs were tested after UV curing.FindingsThe thermal analysis showed the effect of methyl methacrylate (MMA) content on the glass transition temperature of emulsions, which had significant effect on tack. Effects of varying concentration of multifunctional monomer trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) and UV exposure time on properties of UV curable PSA were also studied.Research limitations/implicationsThe results associated with the UV curable water based PSA has certain advantages, such as low VOC and fast curing rate and with the scope for further research by using the radiations with different intensities or other radiation systems such as electron beam curing.Practical implicationsPractically the UV water based PSAs are already in industrial use for glass lamination, silicon semiconductor dicing, and in medical use for band aids and drug delivery systems and for dental applications for cavity filling.Originality/valueThe water based UV curable PSA synthesised by emulsion polymerization had very good tackiness properties with lower MMA content. It was observed that the lower the concentration of TMPTA, the better the performance properties, such as tack and peel strength. It was also observed that with increasing TMPTA concentration the cohesive strength increased.
Health data standards and adoption process
Authors: Alkraiji Abdullah , Jackson Thomas , Murray Ian 
Published: November 2011

PurposeThis paper seeks to carry out a critical study of health data standards and adoption process with a focus on Saudi Arabia.Design/methodology/approachMany developed nations have initiated programs to develop, promote, adopt and customise international health data standards to the local needs. The current status of, and future plans for, health data and related standards in developing countries are still questionable due to the absence of government actions, plans and related studies. However, the development of interoperable standards not only technically defines a method of interoperation between the different systems in a network but most importantly represents a proposal for the future of complex socio‐technical systems that is the shape of a national health information network and therefore a complex balance between different types of requirements including organisational, social and managerial aspects must be managed. This reaffirms the need for a more in‐depth study to evaluate the adoption of health information technology‐related standards at the decision‐making stage in developing countries. Based on diffusion of innovation theory and the theories surrounding the economics of standards, a case study method was applied in Saudi Arabia to study the adoption process of health data standards.FindingsThe preliminary analysis findings revealed that there are 18 factors influencing the decision‐making adoption process of acquiring certain standards.Research limitations/implicationsQualitative study methods have been employed in the present study that have shed light on the many issues that need to be addressed in this field. Studies involving other countries including advanced nations should be done for which the present results have economic, social and educational implications.Practical implicationsThe present study and findings should help inform policy and decision makers in developing health systems with the potential creation of information and structure that can sustain future and improved systems.Originality/valueThis paper makes a novel contribution at both academic and practical levels since both the academics and practitioners, who are devoted to the ongoing use of health data standards, still lack a significant body of evidence with regard to the factors that influence their adoption.
Constructing stress tests
Authors: Abbink John B. 
Published: November 2011

PurposeThere is limited discussion in the literature of the problems associated with constructing stress tests. The Credit Crunch has revealed that attention simply to haircuts to asset values and resulting margin calls is insufficient. The purpose of this paper is to explore additional avenues for stress testing.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is largely discursive.FindingsStress tests must look into the debt position of the firm, as well as its position and credit exposures. Not only the volume of debt but its maturity structure, callability and the indentures attached to it are extremely important.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper is geared more toward management and practitioners than to academic researchers. Implications for the analysis of corporate strategy are significant.Social implicationsStress testing is essential to the confident continuance of firms.Originality/valueSo much of the work in this area is proprietary and so little has been published on it.
New challenges for leadership and accountability in local public services in England
Authors: Crowe Jessica 
Published: November 2011

PurposeIncreasing diversity in public service provision brings potential benefits around choice and innovation, but could also blur lines of accountability and create weak governance. The purpose of this paper is to provide a new approach to accountability, to help leaders develop effective network governance.Design/methodology/approachThis paper provides a summative review of previous thinking about good governance and presents the new concept of a “web of accountability”. It examines four potential typologies of public service delivery and considers potential governance models and the accountability issues for leaders that arise in each one. The theory and challenge of securing democratic anchorage is used as a framework against which to test each model.FindingsThe paper finds that all the potential typologies considered raise different questions for local leaders about accountability and good governance. None perfectly secures democratic anchorage when considered against the four criteria which help to anchor network governance in a democratic society, but they all have different strengths in terms of accountability, transparency, involvement and scrutiny.Practical implicationsThe paper offers a new practical tool, the Accountability Works for You framework, as one way of assessing governance arrangements and developing a locally‐owned approach to accountability.Originality/valueThe paper uses original research and the unique concept of the “web of accountability” developed by the author's organisation, the Centre for Public Scrutiny. Accountability Works for You is a new framework available for public sector leaders. It emphasises culture and behaviours (“software”) over process and structure (“hardware”) in thinking about governance.
Unmet needs and antisocial personality disorder among Black African and Caribbean service users with severe mental illness
Authors: Gwaspari Mischa , Hochhauser Sanita , Bruce Matt 
Published: November 2011

PurposeThe main objective of the study is to investigate unmet needs of Black African and Caribbean Heritage (BAH) patients with and without a concurrent diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD).Design/methodology/approachA total of 79 participants were recruited from ten psychiatric inpatient wards across two hospital sites in South London. Personality disorder was assessed using the SCID‐II for DSM‐IV, the prevalence of unmet needs was assessed by The Camberwell Assessment of Need Short Assessment Schedule and substance misuse problems measured using well validated drug and alcohol use disorder identification tools.FindingsThe presence of a concurrent ASPD was independently associated with a greater number of unmet needs. ASPD was associated with lower qualifications and a greater risk of homelessness and substance misuse. Unmet need was associated with lower qualifications and substance misuse. In a stepwise linear regression model alcohol dependence and drug misuse were the most significant predictors of unmet need.Research limitations/implicationsFurther research is required to identify the reasons why these needs are not being met and establish reasons for these patients' high‐dropout rates from treatment.Practical implicationsThe present findings suggest BAH psychiatric inpatients with ASPD are at greater risk of alcohol dependence and drug misuse and report a greater number of unmet needs thus requiring a greater volume of services; however, current services are not meeting these needs. Mental health teams should ensure thorough needs assessment procedures are incorporated into general psychiatric service practice ensuring effective treatment packages are tailored to these patients needs.Originality/valueThe research identifies a previously under‐researched sub‐group of psychiatric inpatients with a high proportion of unmet health and social needs and suggests further research to develop service improvements supporting their management.
International comparisons of bank regulation, liberalization, and banking crises
Authors: Amri Puspa , Angkinand Apanard P. , Wihlborg Clas 
Published: November 2011

PurposeThe recurrence of banking crises throughout the 1980s and 1990s, and in the more recent 2008‐09 global financial crisis, has led to an expanding empirical literature on crisis explanation and prediction. The purpose of this paper is to provide an analytical review of proxies for and important determinants of banking crises‐credit growth, financial liberalization, bank regulation and supervision.Design/methodology/approachThe study surveys the banking crisis literature by comparing proxies for and measures of banking crises and policy‐related variables in the literature. Advantages and disadvantages of different proxies are discussed.FindingsDisagreements about determinants of banking crises are in part explained by the difference in the chosen proxies used in empirical models. The usefulness of different proxies depends partly on constraints in terms of time and country coverage but also on what particular policy question is asked.Originality/valueThe study offers a comprehensive analysis of measurements of banking crises, credit growth, financial liberalization and banking regulations and concludes with an assessment of existing proxies and databases. Since, the review points to the choice of proxies that best fit specific research objectives, it should serve as a reference point for empirical researchers in the banking crisis area.
Overlapping Photoprotective Function of Vitamin E and Carotenoids inChlamydomonas
Authors: Li Zhirong , Keasling Jay D. , Niyogi Krishna K. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractTocopherols (vitamin E) and carotenoids are the two most abundant groups of lipid-soluble antioxidants in the chloroplast. Carotenoids are well known for their roles in protecting against photooxidative stress, whereas the photoprotective functions of tocopherols have only recently been examined experimentally. In addition, little is known about the functional overlap of carotenoids and tocopherols in vivo. To investigate this possible overlap, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii strains were engineered to overproduce tocopherols by chloroplast transformation with non-codon-optimized and codon-optimized versions of the homogentisate phytyltransferase vitamin E2 (VTE2) from Synechocystis and by nuclear transformation with VTE2 from C. reinhardtii, which resulted in 1.6-fold, 5-fold to 10-fold, and more than 10-fold increases in total tocopherol content, respectively. To test if tocopherol overproduction can compensate for carotenoid deficiency in terms of antioxidant function, the nuclear VTE2 gene from C. reinhardtii was overexpressed in the npq1 lor1 double mutant, which lacks zeaxanthin and lutein. Following transfer to high light, the npq1 lor1 strains that overaccumulated tocopherols showed increased resistance for up to 2 d and higher efficiency of photosystem II, and they were also much more resistant to other oxidative stresses. These results suggest an overlapping functions of tocopherols and carotenoids in protection against photooxidative stress.
The role of micronutrients in healthy ageing
Authors: Ruxton Carrie 
Published: November 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the potential role of micronutrients and omega‐3 fatty acids in promoting healthier ageing.Design/methodology/approachA literature review was conducted using Medline and key words relevant to ageing, nutritional status, nutrient intake and disease risk. Data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) were used to determine micronutrient adequacy.FindingsThe NDNS showed that intakes of vitamin A, B2, B6, folic acid, iron, calcium, magnesium, zinc and iodine fell below recommended levels for groups of older people. Vitamins and mineral supplements may improve nutritional status, lower the risk of deficiency, and impact favourably on disease markers.Practical implicationsThe evidence suggests that dietary interventions and supplementation may become increasingly important in maintaining health and quality of life in older people.Originality/valueThis paper highlights the positive role of nutrition in healthy ageing.
Point of no return? Fair use on trial
Authors: Medeiros Norm 
Published: November 2011

PurposeThis article seeks to discuss the implications of the Cambridge University Press et al. lawsuit filed against Georgia State University.Design/methodology/approachThe article concerns itself with the root causes of the lawsuit, and the bizarre nature of producers suing a member of their primary clientele.FindingsThe article does not offer an opinion on which party should or will prevail, but instead focuses on the growing divide between publishers and academia, which seems headed for a showdown.Originality/valueThe article offers another perspective on the pending lawsuit, which has the potential to define fair use in a quantifiable way.