bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A heat pulse technique for the determination of small‐scale flow directions and flow velocities in the streambed of sand‐bed streams
Authors: Lewandowski Jörg , Angermann Lisa , Nützmann Gunnar , Fleckenstein Jan H. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe hyporheic zone (HZ) has the capability to eliminate and attenuate nutrients and contaminants in riverine systems. Biogeochemical reactions and the potential elimination of contaminants are strongly controlled by the flow paths and dynamics in the HZ. Nevertheless, an easily applicable method for the field determination of flow patterns in the HZ is still lacking. Therefore, a heat pulse technique, which traces the movement of a short heat pulse in the upper part of the HZ and other sand beds, was developed. Five rods are vertically driven into the sediment of the streambed; one rod with a heater as point source located in about 10‐cm sediment depth and four rods with four temperature sensors in 3 cm distance, arranged concentrically with 7 cm diameter around the heating rod. Subsequently, a heat pulse is applied and the resulting breakthrough curves are indicative of flow velocities and flow directions in the streambed. A rough data analysis procedure is also suggested. In addition, laboratory experiments were performed to test the heat pulse technique. These experiments were validated based on coupled numerical modelling of flow and heat transport. First field tests of the method prove that the method is easily applicable under field conditions. These first field tests showed highly complex flow patterns with flow velocities from 1·8 to 4·9 cm min−1and flow directions from parallel to surface flow to opposite to surface flow. This suggests the need for a robust method to quantify hyporheic flow patternsin situ. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Daz‐ and Pumilio‐like genes are asymmetrically localized in Pelophylax (Rana) oocytes and are expressed during early spermatogenesis
Authors: Marracci Silvia , Michelotti Valentina , Casola Claudio , Giacoma Cristina , Ragghianti Matilde 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn many organisms, the specification of cell fate and the formation of embryonic axes depend on a proper distribution of maternal mRNAs during oogenesis. Asymmetrically localized determinants are required both for embryonic axes and germline determination in anuran amphibians. As a model system of these processes, we have used a species complex of the genus Pelophylax (Rana), characterized by a hybridogenetic reproduction that involves events of genome exclusion and endoreduplication during meiosis in both sexes. With the aim of characterizing the still largely unknown molecular events regulating Pelophylax gametogenesis, we have isolated in this animal model homologues of the deleted in AZoospermia‐like (DAZl) and pumilio gene families (named RlDazl and RlPum1, respectively), which encode posttranscriptional regulators. Expression pattern analysis of these genes showed that
RlDazl is exclusively expressed in gonadal tissues, whereas RlPum1 is expressed in both somatic tissues and gonads. In situ hybridization carried out on gonads revealed that the two transcripts were asymmetrically localized along the animal–vegetal (A–V) axis of oocytes. In particular, the
RlDazl transcript progressively collected to the vegetal pole during oogenesis, whereas the RlPum1 mRNA was preferentially enriched at the animal hemisphere. In adult testes, RlDazl and RlPum1 were expressed in specific phases of spermatogenetic divisions as shown by immunostaining with anti‐H3 phosphohistone antibody. Our results indicate that RlDazl and RlPum1 represent two early indicators of oocyte polarity in this hybridogenetic vertebrate model. Additionally, RlDazl share with vertebrate DAZ‐ like genes a germ cell‐specific expression pattern. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 316:330–338, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Combined effects of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and HIF‐1α on MMP‐2 production in ACL fibroblasts under mechanical stretch: An in vitro study
Authors: Wang Yequan , Tang Zhenyu , Xue Ruyue , Singh Gurinder K. , Shi Kunning , Lv Yonggang , Yang Li 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe dynamics between inflammatory factors, mechanical stress, and healing factors, in an intra‐articular joint, are very complex after injury. Injury to intra‐articular tissue [anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), synovium] results in hypoxia, accumulation of various pro‐inflammatory factors, cytokines, and metalloproteases. Although the presence of increased amounts of matrix‐metalloproteinases (MMP) in the joint fluid after knee injury is considered the key factor for ACL poor healing ability; however, the exact role of collective participants of the joint fluid on MMP‐2 activity and production has not been fully studied yet. To investigate the combined effects of mechanical injury, inflammation and hypoxia induced factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) on induction of MMP‐2; we mimicked the microenvironment of joint cavity after ACL injury. The results show that TNF‐α and IL‐1β elevate the activity of MMP‐2 in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. In addition, mechanical stretch further enhances the MMP‐2 protein levels with TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and their mixture. CoCl2‐induced HIF‐1α (100 and 500 µM) also increases the levels and activity of MMP‐2. Mechanical stretch has a strong additional effect on MMP‐2 production with HIF‐1α. Our results conclude that mechanical injury, HIF‐1α and inflammatory factors collectively induce increased MMP‐2 production in ACL fibroblasts, which was inhibited by NF‐κB pathway inhibitor (Bay‐11‐7082). © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29: 1008–1014, 2011
Sensitivity of the SF‐36 to PTSD symptom change in veterans
Authors: Shiner Brian , Watts Bradley V. , Pomerantz Andrew , Young‐Xu Yinong , Schnurr Paula P. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe authors examined the relationship between changes in symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and functioning as measured by the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form‐36 (SF‐36) among 167 veterans in a primary care clinic. Those who reported at least moderate baseline symptoms were categorized as better, unchanged, or worse at reassessment. The SF‐36 was used to examine concordance between change in functioning and symptoms. Veterans with reliable changes in symptoms of PTSD showed corresponding statistically significant changes in functioning across health domains. Moreover, these changes in functioning were clinically significant on several SF‐36 subscales and on one summary scale.
Assessment of soil erosion hazard in Kilie catchment, East Shoa, Ethiopia
Authors: Haile G. W. , Fetene M. 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTThis paper reports on a field study conducted in Kilie catchment, East Shoa Zone, Ethiopia to assess the rate of soil erosion by employing a soil loss prediction model (Universal Soil Loss Equation) integrated with in remote sensing and geographical information systems (RS/GIS), environment and gully measurement techniques. The final soil erosion risk map was produced after multiplication of the six factors involved in the USLE and RS/GIS. Gully measurement showed that the erosion rate is higher for the upland areas than the lowlands due to inappropriate soil and water conservation measures, free grazing by animals and conversion of hillside areas into farmlands. About 97·04 per cent of the study catchment falls within a range of 0–10 t ha−1 yr−1 sheet/rill erosion rate. We found that 2·17 per cent of the study area in the uplands has a soil erosion rate falling between 10 and 20 t ha−1 yr−1. About 0·8 per cent of the study area in the uplands is hit by severe sheet/rill erosion rate within the range of 20–60 t ha−1 yr−1. Gully erosion extent in the study area was evaluated through gully measurement and quantification methods. Gully density of 67 m ha−1 was recorded in the catchment. The gully to plot area ratio was found to be 0·14 on average. Hence, in the upland areas, sustainable land management practices are required in order to reduce the rate of soil erosion. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Binding of polynucleotides with single‐walled carbon nanotubes: Effect of temperature
Authors: Gladchenko G.O. , Lytvyn O.S. , Karachevtsev M.V. , Valeev V.A. , Leontiev V.S. , Karachevtsev V.A. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe effect of the change of the temperature (in the range from 20°C to 90°C) on the light absorption intensity of water suspensions of nanohybrids formed with single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) and single‐stranded polyriboadenylic acids, poly(rA), and polyribocytidylic acids, poly(rC), was studied. Different degrees of the polymer coating of nanotube surfaces were found by atomic force microscopy (AFM). According to UV‐vis absorption spectroscopy data, homopolymer adsorption onto the nanotube is followed with changes in optical characteristics of both, the polymer and SWNT, as a result of ππ‐stacking interaction of the polymer with the tube surface. Upon poly(rA) wrapping on the nanotubes, a significant part of its bases keeps self‐stacking while upon adsorption of the more rigid poly(rC), it is almost completely disordered. Spectroscopic data can be explained by a polymer re‐orientation on the nanotube with the heating that provides the optimal ππ‐stacking of nitrogen bases with the carbon surface. The increase of the temperature up to 90°C does not result in the polymer slipping off the nanotube and in a noticeable nanotube precipitation.
Interaction of Ag‐free and Ag‐Doped hydroxyapatite with Ciprofloxacin solutions
Authors: Ivashchenko O. A. , Perekos A. O. , Ulianchych N. V. , Uvarova I. V. , Protsenko L. S. , Budylina O. M. , Holovkova M. Y. , Yarmola T. M. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe processes occurring during the interaction of Ag‐free and Ag‐doped hydroxyapatite with ciprofloxacin solutions have been investigated. Particular attention was paid to the formation of a gel due to the interaction of hydroxyapatite with water/ciprofloxacin solutions. The examination of the surface morphology of the gel revealed the transformation of the morphology of both samples. The investigation of the adsorptivity of the Ag‐free and Ag‐doped hydroxyapatite towards ciprofloxacin showed a significant difference. The introduction of silver ions into the hydroxyapatite structure sharply reduced its adsorptivity towards ciprofloxacin. Neither new phases nor changes in the interplane spacing were observed in the XRD patterns from Ag‐free and Ag‐doped hydroxyapatite composites with ciprofloxacin.
Expression of SNF1/AMP‐activated protein kinase and casein kinase‐1ε in different rat tissues are sensitive markers of in vivo silver nanoparticles action
Authors: Minchenko D.O. , Bozhko I.V. , Zinchenko T.O. , Yavorovsky O.P. , Minchenko O.H. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractSNF1/AMP‐activated protein kinase (SNARK) is a member of AMPK kinases which are related to serine/threonine protein kinases. It is a molecular component of the cellular stress response. Casein kinase‐1ε is important molecular components of circadian clock system and plays a fundamental role in the metabolism at both the behavioral and molecular levels and potentially has great importance for understanding metabolic health and disease, because disturbance the circadian processes lead to developing of different pathology. We have shown that silver nanoparticles change the expression of SNARK and casein kinase‐1ε in rats in time‐dependent and tissue‐specific manner. The results of this study demonstrated that silver nanoparticles have significant effect on important regulatory mechanisms which control metabolic processes in different tissues via SNARK and casein kinase‐1ε gene expression and that these genes could be a sensitive test for detection of silver nanoparticles toxic action.
Characterization of the solid components of three desensitizing toothpastes and a mouth wash
Authors: Peetsch A. , Epple M. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe solid components of three toothpastes and a mouth wash which are intended to enhance the remineralization of teeth and occlusion of dentinal tubuli were isolated and analyzed. Samples of the toothpaste BioRepair®, the mouth wash BioRepair®, the toothpaste nanosensitive® hca, and the toothpaste Theramed® S.O.S. Sensitive were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), and elemental analysis. All samples contained primary particles in the size range of 30–60 nm, that were all agglomerated in aqueous dispersion to particles in the size range of 200 to 400 nm. BioRepair® contained a zinc‐substituted hydroxyapatite and amorphous silica, nanosensitive®hca contained TiO2 (anatase) and an amorphous Na‐Ca‐Si‐P bioglass, and Theramed® S.O.S. Sensitive contained TiO2 (anatase), amorphous silica and traces of a calcium‐containing phase. The size of the mineral particles was in all cases suitable to fit into dentinal tubuli, especially after breaking up the agglomerated nanoparticles by mechanical forces, e. g. during tooth brushing.
Applied nano bio systems with microfluidics and biosensors for three‐dimensional cell culture
Authors: Schober A. , Fernekorn U. , Lübbers B. , Hampl J. , Weise F. , Schlingloff G. , Gebinoga M. , Worgull M. , Schneider Mark , Augspurger Caroline , Hildmann Christian , Kittler Mario , Donahue Mary 
Published: February 2011

AbstractApplications of nanotechnology and microtechnology lead to a field which could be called nanosystems integration. The next step is the development of nanobiotechnological systems, which could reflect the hierarchical organization of biological systems that utilise scales and laws of nature on all metric scales. As one example of such systems we present the design and construction of a new class of micro bioreactors. It has been shown that 3D culture systems reveal the in vivo situation much better than the cultivation of 2D one cell type alone. For this purpose we have to construct and arrange fluidic devices and a cell‐biological environment in such a way, that living cells can survive in a three‐dimensional, organ‐like structure, enabled by technical devices. Such organ‐like cell structures may lead to new ways in medicinal chemistry for the determination of ADME/Tox (absorption‐distribution‐metabolism‐excretion and toxicity) properties of potential drugs. One part of the construction principle is the integration of sensors, preferable novel AlGaN/GaN nanosensors. The latter nanosensors offer the possibility to estimate reactions of cells attached to the sensor surface non‐destructively and label‐free. These sensors are highly sensitive and biocompatible to cells. Furthermore, they are transparent to enable microscopic and other optical observations of the cells. In an advanced version the sensor is to be integrated to give a better insight into cellular processes of the cells that are cultivated in such micro bioreactors.
Novel partitioned time integration methods for DAE systems based on L‐stable linearly implicit algorithms
Authors: Jia C. , Bursi O. S. , Bonelli A. , Wang Z. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractReal‐time applications based on the principle of Dynamic Substructuring require integration methods that can deal with constraints without exceeding an a priori fixed number of steps. For these applications, first we introduce novel partitioned algorithms able to solve DAEs arising from transient structural dynamics. In particular, the spatial domain is partitioned into a set of disconnected subdomains and continuity conditions of acceleration at the interface are modeled using a dual Schur formulation. Interface equations along with subdomain equations lead to a system of DAEs for which both staggered and parallel procedures are developed. Moreover under the framework of projection methods, also a parallel partitioned method is conceived. The proposed partitioned algorithms enable a Rosenbrock‐based linearly implicit LSRT2 method, to be strongly coupled with different time steps in each subdomain. Thus, user‐defined algorithmic damping and subcycling strategies are allowed. Secondly, the paper presents the convergence analysis of the novel schemes for linear single‐Degree‐of‐Freedom (DoF) systems. The algorithms are generally A‐stable and preserve the accuracy order as the original monolithic method. Successively, these results are validated via simulations on single‐ and three‐DoFs systems. Finally, the insight gained from previous analyses is confirmed by means of numerical experiments on a coupled spring–pendulum system. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A large deformation frictional contact formulation using NURBS‐based isogeometric analysis
Authors: De Lorenzis L. , Temizer İ. , Wriggers P. , Zavarise G. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis paper focuses on the application of NURBS‐based isogeometric analysis to Coulomb frictional contact problems between deformable bodies, in the context of large deformations. A mortar‐based approach is presented to treat the contact constraints, whereby the discretization of the continuum is performed with arbitrary order NURBS, as well as C0‐continuous Lagrange polynomial elements for comparison purposes. The numerical examples show that the proposed contact formulation in conjunction with the NURBS discretization delivers accurate and robust predictions. Results of lower quality are obtained from the Lagrange discretization, as well as from a different contact formulation based on the enforcement of the contact constraints at every integration point on the contact surface. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Messen, was draußen los ist
Authors: Heerlein Jörg 
Published: February 2011

AbstractImmer mehr Autos scannen ihre Umgebung ab, um kritische Situationen früh zu erkennen und den Fahrer entsprechend zu unterstützen. Die Unfallforscher der deutschen Versicherer schätzen, dass alleine durch automatische Notbremsassistenten zwölf Prozent aller schweren Pkw‐Unfälle verhindert werden könnten. Radar‐ oder laserbasierte Abstandsmesser sind wichtige Technologien für solche Anwendungen. Optische Systeme setzen hierbei überwiegend auf leistungsstarke, infrarote Pulslaserdioden mit sehr kurzen Schaltzeiten.
Die Krux mit dem Anschluss
Authors: Hentschel Konrad , Walter Annette 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBildverarbeitungssysteme finden in vielen Bereichen Anwendung, von der Automatisierungstechnik über die Medizintechnik bis hin zur Sicherheitstechnik. Diese Systeme bestehen meist aus einer Beleuchtungseinheit, einem abbildenden System, einer Bilderfassungseinheit und der Auswertesoftware. Zu Beginn wird die Anwendung definiert: Welches Objekt soll mit welcher Auflösung in welcher Umgebung abgebildet und analysiert werden. Daraufhin fällt die Entscheidung, welche Kamera Verwendung findet. Erst dann wird die passende Optik gesucht, wobei häufig Probleme auftreten.
Schärfer sehen mit adaptiver Optik
Authors: Lang Marion , Christensen Lars , Kaenders Wilhelm 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAktiv‐kontrollierte Optiken in Reflexion oder Durchlicht: Was als militärische Vision in Zeiten des Kalten Krieges begann, findet heute Anwendungen an vielen Stellen, an denen Brechung die Lichtwege verzerrt, die Atmosphäre die Abbildung verschmiert, aber auch dort, wo eine aktive Fokuskontrolle gewünscht wird. Adaptive Optik wird daher nicht nur in der Astronomie zur Kompensation der Deformation stellarer Wellenfronten durch die turbulenten Luftschichten der Atmosphäre eingesetzt. Sie spielt auch eine zunehmend größere Rolle beim Laserschneiden, zur Diagnose von Augenerkrankungen oder in der Mikroskopie.
Treatment of advanced neuroblastoma in children over 1 year of age: The critical role of 131I‐metaiodobenzylguanidine combined with chemotherapy in a rapid induction regimen
Authors: Mastrangelo Stefano , Rufini Vittoria , Ruggiero Antonio , Di Giannatale Angela , Riccardi Riccardo 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe prognosis of patients with advanced neuroblastoma (NB) remains poor. Major and early responses have an important bearing on treatment outcome. Iodine‐131‐metaiodobenzylguanidine (131I‐MIBG) has the potential to deliver large doses of radiation specifically to NB cells. We evaluated the toxicity of, and response to, a novel induction regimen that included 131I‐MIBG combined with cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, etoposide, vincristine, and doxorubicin.ProcedureThirteen children over 1 year of age with advanced NB at diagnosis were investigated extensively. 131I‐MIBG was administered on day 10; this was preceded by chemotherapy in the five patients in group 1 (described in our previous study), and both preceded and followed by chemotherapy in the eight patients in group 2. The final induction regimen (used for group 2) lasted 1 month. Evaluation was performed 40 days after the start of treatment.ResultsIn both groups 1 and 2, the extent of hematologic toxicity, which was the only side effect, was similar to that seen with chemotherapy alone. Doses of 131I‐MIBG as high as 16.6 mCi/kg showed no evidence of toxicity, even in patients with extensive bone marrow infiltration. Overall, we recorded two patients with a complete response (CR), six very good partial responses (VGPR), four partial responses (PR), and one mixed response (MR). In group 2, CR/VGPR were observed in patients treated with higher doses of 131I‐MIBG.ConclusionsThe results of this pilot study show that 131I‐MIBG, in combination with chemotherapy, appears to play an important role in a new and effective induction regimen for advanced NB. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;56:1032–1040. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Endemic Burkitt lymphoma of maxillofacial region: results of induction treatment with cyclophosphamide plus methotrexate in West Africa
Authors: Béogo Rasmané , Nacro Boubacar , Ouédraogo Dieudonné , Ouoba Kampadilemba 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackgroundBurkitt lymphoma is frequent a cancer in the developing countries where its treatment is based on non‐intensive chemotherapy protocols. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness and the toxicity of a non–intensive chemotherapy protocol combining cyclophosphamide and methotrexate in children with Burkitt lymphoma of the maxillofacial region.ProcedureA retrospective descriptive study was carried out in patients with Burkitt lymphoma of maxillofacial region who received at least one weekly treatment with intravenous cyclophosphamide and methotrexate between 1999 and 2006 in a university teaching hospital in Burkina Faso. The demographic characteristics of the patients, the effectiveness and the toxicity of the treatment were recorded.ResultsA total of 58 patients were included. The mean age was 7.2 years. According to Murphy's staging, 28 patients (48%) were at stage I, 18 (31%) at stage II, 11 (19%) at stage III and 1 (2%) at stage IV. Among 28 patients who received all the cycles of the protocol, 21 (75%) achieved complete remission, 6 (21%) had partial remission and 1 (4%) had progressive disease. The major complications during the treatment were febrile leucopenia and anemia. The mortality rate was 19% (11/58).ConclusionNon‐intensive chemotherapy protocol with cyclophosphamide and methotrexate could be an alternative to intensive chemotherapy protocols for the management of the stage I–III endemic Burkitt lymphoma in developing countries. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;56:1068–1070. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.