bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Army ant defensive behaviour and chimpanzee predation success: field experiments in Nigeria
Authors: Allon O. , Pascual‐Garrido A. , Sommer V. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAcross Africa, chimpanzees prey on army ants, typically using stick tools. Population differences in predation patterns reflect environmental as well as sociocultural factors. However, as for ecological constraints, we lack information about how the ants' defensive response unfolds over the course of a predatory attempt and how this influences chimpanzee reward. We studied these aspects of insectivory in the habitat of Nigerian chimpanzees through field experiments with previously used tools. The speed with which ants run up a tool decreased continuously during experimental dips into nests. This suggests that soldiers with long legs run up the tools first, before fanning out to deter the intruder. Workers attacking later on were increasingly smaller, thus running less fast. Yet, because more and more insects join the defence, harvesting yield (g dry weight) steadily increased for the first 17 min, to then drop markedly. We hypothesize that the length of dipping sessions by wild chimpanzees is limited by either diminishing return or discomfort caused by being continually bitten. Actual harvesting success cannot be reconstructed from ant remains in chimpanzee faeces without knowing what proportion of consumed insects is detectable in excreta. Through human self‐experiments, we found that only 10% of ingested ants are found in a subsequent excretion. Based on counts of ant heads in chimpanzee faeces, this translates into 12.9 g dry weight ingested per dipping session, which is far more than elsewhere. Although prey availability and harvesting technique varies across sites, our data still suggest a much greater yield for Nigeria. One reason for this may be a particular aggressiveness of Dorylus rubellus. While this is the only army ant species preyed upon in Nigeria, it is not regularly eaten elsewhere. Standardized experiments and faecal analyses across study sites will be necessary to better understand how ecological constraints influence chimpanzee myrmecophagy.
Parent‐reported participation in children with cerebral palsy: the contribution of recurrent musculoskeletal pain and child mental health problems
Authors: RAMSTAD KJERSTI , JAHNSEN REIDUN , SKJELDAL OLA H , DISETH TROND H 
Published: July 2012

Aim  The aim of the study was to explore the contribution of recurrent musculoskeletal pain and mental health to aspects of participation in children with cerebral palsy (CP).Method  A total of 105 participants (54 males, 51 females); mean age 14y (SD 3) were assessed by clinical examination, interview, and parental questionnaires. CP type distribution was as follows: spastic unilateral, 37%; spastic bilateral, 56%; and dyskinetic, 7%. Motor function assessed using the Gross Motor Function Classification System was level I, 33%; level II, 40%; level III, 15%; and level IV/V, 11%. Parents reported child participation using the Assessment of Life Habits, child mental health problems using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, their own mental health using the General Health Questionnaire, and their socioeconomic status.Results  Recurrent musculoskeletal pain was associated with reduced accomplishment of daily activities (B=−1.22, p=0.02) and social roles (B=−1.17, p=0.03), and with reduced parental satisfaction with the accomplishment of daily activities (B=−1.14, p=0.03) and social roles (B=−1.48, p<0.01). Increasing levels of child mental health problems was associated with reduced accomplishment of daily activities (B=−0.10, p=0.02) and social roles (B=−0.11, p<0.01), and with reduced parental satisfaction with the accomplishment of social roles (B=−0.21, p<0.01).Interpretation  Pain and child mental health should be considered in most participation models in CP. Regarding participation as an objective outcome measure is questionable.
Optimal Biopsy Site for Helicobacter pylori Detection during Endoscopic Mucosectomy in Patients with Extensive Gastric Atrophy
Authors: Lee Jeong Hoon , Park Young Soo , Choi Kwi‐Sook , Kim Do Hoon , Choi Kee Don , Song Ho June , Lee Gin Hyug , Jang Se Jin , Jung Hwoon‐Yong , Kim Jin‐Ho 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackground

Helicobacter pylori eradication is essential for metachronous gastric cancer prevention in patients undergoing endoscopic mucosectomy (EMR). This study was aimed to determine the optimal biopsy site for
H. pylori detection in the atrophic remnant mucosa of EMR patients.Material and MethodsData were analyzed from 91 EMR patients. Three paired biopsies for histology were taken at antrum, corpus lesser (CLC), and greater curve (CGC). Additional specimens were obtained at antrum and CGC for rapid urease test (RUT).
H. pylori infection was defined as at least two positive specimens on histology and/or RUT. Serologic atrophy was determined by pepsinogen levels.ResultsOverall
H. pylori infection rate was 72.5%. The proportions of moderate‐to‐marked atrophy/intestinal metaplasia at CGC (5.6/6.6%) were significantly lower than those at antrum (58.6/75.8%) and CLC (60.7/70.0%). Sensitivity of histology in detecting
H. pylori was significantly higher at CGC than at antrum and CLC (84.8 vs 30.3 and 47.0%, respectively; p < .001). On RUT, detection at CGC also showed higher sensitivity than at antrum (77.3 vs 33.3%, p < .001). Specificities of all three biopsy sites were more than 90%. Regardless of serologic atrophy, CGC showed consistently higher sensitivities on histology and RUT. In patients with serologic atrophy, antral sensitivities were much lower than those of nonatrophic patients, 9.5 versus 40.0% on histology (p = .012) and 14.3 versus 42.2% on RUT (p = .025).Conclusions
CGC is the optimal biopsy site for
H. pylori diagnosis in EMR patients with extensive atrophy. Antral biopsy should be avoided, especially in serologically atrophic patients.
Presurgical Nasoalveolar Molding (PNAM) for a Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate: A Clinical Report
Authors: Kamble Vaibhav D. , Parkhedkar Rambhau D. , Sarin Soumil P. , Patil Pravinkumar G. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractCleft lip and palate deformity is a congenital defect of the middle third of the face. Incidence varies from 1:500 to 1:2500 live births. Etiology depends upon hereditary and environmental factors. Restoration of these defects is important not only for functional and esthetic reasons, but also because there may be a positive psychological impact for the patient and parents. The goal of primary closure of the lip for unilateral cleft lip is to ensure a normal and symmetrical lip and nose. Presurgical infant orthopedics has been employed since the 1950s as an adjunctive neonatal therapy for the correction of cleft lip and palate. Presurgical nasoalveolar molding (PNAM) represents a paradigm shift from the traditional methods of presurgical infant orthopedics. PNAM consists of active molding of the alveolar segments as well as the surrounding soft tissues. This clinical report describes a new approach of PNAM therapy for an infant with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate showing significant reduction in cleft defect size and improved contour and topography of deformed surrounding soft tissues.
Periodontal pathogen load and increased antibody response to heat shock protein 60 in patients with cardiovascular disease
Authors: Leishman Shaneen J. , Ford Pauline J. , Do Hong Lien , Palmer Janet E. , Heng Nicholas C.K. , West Malcolm J. , Seymour Gregory J. , Cullinan Mary P. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAimTo determine the relationship between periodontal pathogen load and anti‐human heat shock protein 60 (hHSP60) antibodies in patients with established cardiovascular disease (CVD).Materials and MethodsParticipants were cardiovascular patients (n = 74) with a previous hospital admission for myocardial infarction. Concurrent periodontal pathogen load of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Tannerella forsythia and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was determined using quantitative real‐time PCR. Serum antibodies to these pathogens, GroEL and hHSP60 were determined using an ELISA.ResultsThere was a trend for increasing anti‐hHSP60 antibody as the number of bacterial species increased. The strongest positive correlations were found between anti‐hHSP60 levels and numbers of T. forsythia (r = 0.43; p < 0.001) and between anti‐hHSP60 and anti‐GroEL levels (r = 0.39; p = 0.001). Patients with extensive periodontal pocketing (≥4 mm) had higher numbers of P. gingivalis and T. forsythia (p < 0.05) and a higher subgingival pathogen load (p < 0.05) than patients with minimal pocketing (≤1 site ≥ 4 mm). They also had significantly elevated anti‐hHSP60 levels (p < 0.05). Overall, the highest anti‐hHSP60 levels were seen in patients with extensive periodontal pocketing and all four bacterial species.ConclusionsIn cardiovascular patients, a greater burden of subgingival infection with increased levels of P. gingivalis and T. forsythia is associated with modestly higher anti‐hHSP60 levels.
An Analysis of C‐Reactive Protein, Procalcitonin, and D‐Dimer in Pre‐Eclamptic Patients
Authors: Kucukgoz Gulec Umran , Tuncay Ozgunen Fatma , Baris Guzel Ahmet , Buyukkurt Selim , Seydaoglu Gulsah , Ferhat Urunsak Ibrahim , Cuneyt Evruke Ismail 
Published: July 2012

ProblemThe aim of this study was to evaluate serum procalcitonin (PCT), C‐reactive protein (CRP), and plasma D‐Dimer levels in mild and severe pre‐eclampsia.Method of studySerum PCT, CRP, and D‐Dimer levels were analyzed in 64 cases with pre‐eclampsia as the study group and 33 healthy pregnant women in the third trimester as the control group. Pre‐eclamptic group consisted of mild (n = 31) and severe pre‐eclamptic subgroup (n = 33). Laboratory results were compared between the groups and diagnostic usefulness of these parameters were evaluated.ResultsPCT, CRP, and D‐Dimer levels were significantly higher in study group than the control group (P = 0.001). PCT, CRP, and D‐Dimer were significantly higher in the patients with severe pre‐eclampsia than mild pre‐eclampsia. There were significant positive correlations between these markers and mean arterial pressure (MAP). Logistic regression analysis using the control and pre‐eclampsia group showed that higher PCT (OR, 15.68; 95%‐CI, 3.15–78.10), CRP (OR, 14.29; 95%‐CI, 3.08–66.34), and D‐Dimer levels (OR, 4.97; 95%‐CI, 1.22–20.29) were found to be risk factors significantly associated with pre‐eclampsia.ConclusionsThis study results confirm that evidence of a possible exaggerated systemic inflammatory response in pre‐eclampsia especially in severe pre‐eclampsia.
IFN‐γ Inhibits Osteopontin Expression in Human Decidual Stromal Cells and can be Attenuated by 1α,25‐Dihydroxyvitamin D3
Authors: Hu Bin , Zhou Hao , Gao Hui , Liu Yan , Yan Ting , Zou Li , Chen Lijuan 
Published: July 2012

ProblemThe effect of IFN‐γ on the expression of osteopontin (OPN), in the presence or absence of 1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), in decidual stromal cells (DSC).Method of studyDecidual stromal cells were isolated from women undergoing elective termination of pregnancy (gestational age, 6–9 weeks). After characterization, they were treated with IFN‐γ in the presence or absence of 1,25(OH)2D3. The uterus of pregnancy IFN‐γ knockout mice were collected on gestation day (gd) 7.5, and the expression of OPN were examined.ResultsIFN‐γ drastically decreased the expression of OPN in DSC, which was reverted by the addition of 1,25(OH)2D3 to the IFN‐γ‐treated decidual cells. Moreover, the OPN expression in uterus of IFN‐γ knockout mice was higher than that of wild‐type counterparts.ConclusionsWe demonstrated OPN was expressed in DSC in human first‐trimester decidua and in the uterus in mice at 7.5 gd. The OPN expression was closely correlated with regulation of IFN‐γ and 1,25(OH)2D3 in human early pregnancy. OPN expression in DSC was significantly decreased with the treatment of IFN‐γ. 1,25(OH)2D3 played an opposite role in IFN‐γ‐mediated inhibition of OPN expression in human DSC.
On the origin of a highly dispersed coherent radio burst
Authors: Keane E. F. , Stappers B. W. , Kramer M. , Lyne A. G. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
We discuss the possible source of a highly dispersed radio transient discovered in the Parkes Multibeam Pulsar Survey (PMPS). The pulse has a dispersion measure of 746 cm−3 pc, a peak flux density of 400 mJy for the observed pulse width of 7.8 ms and a flat spectrum across a 288-MHz band centred on 1374 MHz. The flat spectrum suggests that the pulse did not originate from a pulsar, but is consistent with radio-emitting magnetar spectra. The non-detection of subsequent bursts constrains any possible pulsar period to ≳1 s, and the pulse energy distribution to being much flatter than typical giant pulse emitting pulsars. The burst is also consistent with the radio signal theorized from an annihilating mini black hole. Extrapolating the PMPS detection rate provides a limit of ΩBH ≲ 5 × 10−14 on the density of these objects. We investigate the consistency of these two scenarios, plus several other possible solutions, as potential explanations to the origin of the pulse, as well as for another transient with similar properties: the Lorimer burst.
Erythema multiforme and epitheliotropic T‐cell lymphoma in the oral cavity of dogs: 1989 to 2009
Authors: Nemec A. , Zavodovskaya R. , Affolter V. K. , Verstraete F. J. M. 
Published: July 2012

ObjectivesTo describe the clinical signs, major laboratory findings, diagnostic procedures and outcome in dogs with erythema multiforme or epitheliotropic T‐cell lymphoma of the oral cavity.MethodsRetrospective analysis identified 14 client‐owned dogs with erythema multiforme or epitheliotropic T‐cell lymphoma of the oral cavity. Histological changes were combined with immunohistochemistry and clonality testing data in selected cases, and a clinical follow‐up was acquired.ResultsUlcerative stomatitis with no significant or only minor abnormalities on haematology and serum biochemistry panels was common. Histological features were diagnostic in seven cases. The use of immunohistochemistry distinguished the two diseases in an additional three cases. In four cases, the diagnosis remained questionable, and clonality testing for T‐cell receptor gamma gene rearrangement helped confirm erythema multiforme in one case. Clinical follow‐up revealed erythema multiforme in two and epitheliotropic T‐cell lymphoma in one of the remaining questionable cases.Clinical SignificanceErythema multiforme and epitheliotropic T‐cell lymphoma may affect, but are rarely limited to the oral cavity of dogs, and they usually present as stomatitis. Histological features alone are not always diagnostic. Immunohistochemistry and clonality testing may assist in the differentiation between the two, but in ambiguous cases, repeated biopsy and clinical follow‐up are essential.
Total hip replacement for the treatment of atraumatic slipped femoral capital epiphysis in dogs
Authors: Gemmill T. J. , Pink J. , Clarke S. P. , McKee W. M. 
Published: July 2012

ObjectivesTo evaluate dogs diagnosed with slipped femoral capital epiphysis which were treated by total hip replacement.MethodsClinical and radiographic records of consecutive cases of slipped femoral capital epiphysis treated by total hip replacement were reviewed. Longer‐term follow‐up was by owner questionnaire.ResultsFifteen cases were identified; 14 were affected unilaterally, 1 bilaterally. Median age at presentation was 13 months (range 6 to 30); median weight was 35 kg (range 10 to 66). Radiographically, proximal femoral sclerosis was evident in 13 of 16 hips. Thirteen hybrid and three cemented total hip replacements were performed. One dog had a stem complication five months postoperatively necessitating explantation. All other total hip replacements remained functional. At four weeks postoperatively lameness and pain scores were improved in all cases. Fourteen total hip replacements were examined after three months. Lameness was mild in 2 limbs and absent in 12; pain on manipulation was not apparent in any case. Significant radiographic complications were not encountered. Telephone questionnaires were performed for 14 cases (15 total hip replacements) at a median of 22 months postoperatively (range 8 to 45). Lameness was reportedly absent for 12 limbs and intermittent in 3. All owners felt that their dogs’ quality of life was good.Clinical SignificanceTotal hip replacement can be a successful technique to treat slipped femoral capital epiphysis.
Factors influencing diagnosis of colorectal cancer: A hospital‐based survey in China
Authors: Deng Shang Xin , An Wei , Gao Jie , Yin Jie , Cai Quan Cai , Yang Ming , Hong Shang You , Fu Xin Xin , Yu En Da , Xu Xiao Dong , Zhu Wei , Li Zhao Shen 
Published: July 2012

ObjectiveTo investigate the diagnostic status of colorectal cancer (CRC) and the influence of early diagnosis and cancer stage in a tertiary care hospital in China.MethodsFace‐to‐face interviews were conducted in 364 consecutive CRC patients who had never participated in CRC screening. Initial symptoms, diagnosis and treatment delay were determined using a questionnaire. Factors influencing diagnostic status were analyzed using univariate analysis and logistic regression model.ResultsA total of 307 patients were enrolled, in which 128 were with colon cancer and 179 with rectal cancer. The duration of diagnosis delay was significant longer than that of treatment delay. Unlike rectal cancer, colon cancer was likely to be treated at an advanced stage with a short interval between symptom onset and treatment. Colon cancer patients with a history of biliary tract or gallbladder stones, aged ≥ 50 years and with abdominal mass or intestinal obstruction as the initial symptom were diagnosed and treated much earlier. In rectal cancer, women and non‐smokers were diagnosed and treated quickly. Factors correlated with early cancer stage were found in colon cancer, including bloody stool as the initial symptom (OR = 2.63, 95% CI 1.08–6.25, P = 0.034) and a history of appendectomy (OR = 4.00, 95% CI 1.15–14.29, P = 0.029).ConclusionsThe factors contributing to early cancer detection were identified but their clinical value is limited. Diagnosis by symptoms suggesting CRC needs to be improved and CRC screening should be vigorously promoted.
Autologous point‐of‐care cellular therapies variably induce equine mesenchymal stem cell migration, proliferation and cytokine expression
Authors: KOL A. , WALKER N. J. , GALUPPO L. D. , CLARK K. C. , BUERCHLER S. , BERNANKE A. , BORJESSON D. L. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryReasons for performing study: Autologous cellular therapy products including adipose‐derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF), bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNs), cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMNs) and platelet rich plasma are options for treatment of acute orthopaedic lesions while mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are culture expanded. These products may contribute to healing by secreting matrix proteins or growth factors, but they may also act on endogenous MSCs to facilitate healing.Objectives: To determine the effects of cell therapy products on MSCs function in vitro. The hypothesis was that cell therapy products promote MSCs functions including proliferation, migration and mediator release.Methods: Fat, bone marrow (BM), cord blood and platelets were obtained from 6 Quarter Horses. The BM‐MSCs and their autologous cell therapy products were co‐incubated in transwells. Mesenchymal stem cells proliferation, migration, gene expression and cytokine concentrations were determined.Results: All cell therapy products increased MSCs proliferation, but SVF induced significantly more proliferation than any other product. Also SVF elicited more MSCs chemotaxis and, along with BMMNs, significantly more MSCs chemoinvasion. Cord blood mononuclear cells stimulated MSCs to produce high concentrations of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Stromal vascular fraction and platelet lysate did not stimulate MSCs but SVF and platelet lysate themselves contained high concentrations of PGE2 and IL‐6 (SVF) and TGF‐β1 (platelet lysate).Conclusions: Autologous cell products variably stimulate MSCs functions with 2 primary patterns apparent. Products either contained preformed mediators that may have intrinsic healing function, or products stimulated MSCs to secrete mediators.Potential relevance: The specific clinical indications for these products may differ to include administration as a sole treatment modality prior to MSCs injection for intrinsic cell and cytokine activity (i.e. SVF) or administration concurrently with MSCs to activate MSCs for treatment of chronic lesions (i.e. CBMNs).
Generic Torelli theorem for Prym varieties of ramified coverings
Authors: Marcucci Valeria Ornella , Pirola Gian Pietro 
Published: July 2012

AbstractWe consider the Prym map from the space of double coverings of a curve of genus gwithrbranch points to the moduli space of abelian varieties. We prove that 𝒫:ℛg,r→𝒜δg−1+r/2is generically injective ifWe also show that a very general Prym variety of dimension at least 4 is not isogenous to a Jacobian.
A multidisciplinary intervention to facilitate return to work in cancer patients: intervention protocol and design of a feasibility study
Authors: Groeneveld Iris F , de Boer Angela G E M , Frings-Dresen Monique H W 
Published: July 2012

IntroductionReturning to work can be problematic for cancer survivors due to suboptimal workplace support, a heavy workload, decreased physical functioning and fatigue. The timely and permanent return to work (RtW) of cancer patients favourably influences quality of life and economic independence. Multidisciplinary interventions aimed at timely and enduring RtW are lacking. The objectives of this article are (1) to describe the protocol of an intervention aimed at RtW of cancer patients, comprising of counselling by an oncological occupational physician and supervised physical exercise in a clinical setting during treatment and (2) to present the design of the study aimed at evaluating the feasibility of this intervention.Methods and analysisThe intervention comprises three counselling sessions with an oncological occupational physician and a 12-week moderate-to-high intensity physical exercise programme, starting at the onset of chemotherapy. The intervention is aimed at cancer patients treated with curative intent, aged 18–60 years, employed and on sick leave. It will take place in two large medical centres in the Netherlands. The feasibility of the intervention will be evaluated as follows: the number of sessions, topics discussed and exercises executed will be registered by care providers; patients' and care providers' opinions will be assessed by questionnaires and interviews, respectively; and the proportion of invited patients that participated will be calculated.Ethics and disseminationThe study results will be used for optimising the intervention content and may serve as a foundation for future implementation. The Medical Ethics Committees of the Academic Medical Center and the participating medical centres approved the study protocol.