bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and patterns of renal involvement in imaging of malignant lymphoproliferative diseases
Authors: Bach Andreas Gunter , Behrmann Curd , Holzhausen Hans Jürgen , Katzer Michaela , Arnold Dirk , Spielmann Rolf Peter , Surov Alexey 
Published: January 2012

Background Renal involvement in patients with lymphoproliferative disease is an uncommon radiological finding. Purpose To determine its prevalence and radiological appearances in a patient population. Material and Methods All forms of lymphoproliferative disease (ICD: C81–C96) were considered. From January 2005 to January 2010, 668 consecutive patients with lymphoproliferative disease were identified with the help of the radiological database and patient records. Inclusion criteria were complete staging including appropriate CT scan and/or MRI. All stored images (initial staging and follow-up examinations) were reviewed. Results Review of all stored images revealed renal infiltration in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (11 of 364 = 3.0%; median age = 65 years, m:f = 6:5) but also multiple myeloma (2 of 162 = 1.2%; median age = 72 years; m:f = 1:1) and leukemia (5 of 101 = 4.9%; median age = 12 years; m:f = 2:3). There were no cases of renal infiltration in 41 patients with Hodgkin's disease. In total there were six patients with solitary lesions, five patients with diffuse renal enlargement, four patients with perirenal lesions, and two patients with direct invasion of the kidney. Conclusion In leukemia the most common imaging pattern is diffuse enlargement. In the other subtypes of lymphoproliferative disease no specific correlation between typical CT patterns and subtype of lymphoproliferative disease can be found. The prevalence of renal involvement is in line with earlier studies. Contrary to earlier reports, multiple lesions were not found to be a common pattern.
Patients with Non-diagnostic Hyperamylasaemia Must be Investigated and Managed as per Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Jones Huw G , Jardine Nicky , Williamson Jeremy , Puntis Malcolm CA , Morris-Stiff Gareth J 
Published: January 2012

Objectives The identification of hyperamylasaemia insufficient to confidently diagnose acute pancreatitis in patients with epigastric pain poses a clinical dilemma. The aim of this study was to identify a cohort of such patients and review their presentation, investigation and outcome. Design Patients admitted through the emergency surgical intake during a 12-month period with serum amylase levels of 100–400 IU/L were identified and case notes reviewed to confirm those presenting with upper abdominal pain. Subsequent radiological and biochemical investigations were recorded. Participants A total of 25 patients with non-diagnostic hyperamylasaemia. Setting Ward patients in a University Hospital. Main outcome measures Amylase level, eventual diagnosis, drug history. Results Twenty-five patients were identified with a mean age of 46.7 years. The median serum amylase level was 230 IU/L (range 102–358 IU/L). Twenty-two patients underwent transabdominal ultrasound at presentation, with gallstones identified in nine cases. The remaining three had documented gallstones and were awaiting elective cholecystectomy. Of the 13 patients with no evidence of cholelithiasis, six were taking medications known to cause pancreatitis, seven patients underwent computed tomography (CT) scans that identified chronic pancreatitis in three, and were non-diagnostic in four cases. These four patients underwent endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) evaluation of the biliary tree identifying microlithiasis in one but no pathology in the remaining three cases. Conclusions Patients with hyperamylasaemia not diagnostic of pancreatitis should be carefully investigated, as gallstones will be identified in at least 50%. An accurate drug history is also invaluable.
A Small, Lightweight Borehole Receiver for Crosshole and Downhole Seismic Testing
Authors: Kalinski M. E. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Crosshole and downhole seismic testing have traditionally employed the use of a downhole receiver consisting of geophones in a sealed container along with a separate inflatable bladder for seating the geophones against the inside of the boring. This configuration has been used with success, but these receivers can be relatively large and heavy. As an alternative, a smaller, lighter borehole receiver design has been developed. The prototype tool is approximately 19 cm (7.5 in.) long and 6.4 cm (2.5 in.) in diameter, and it weighs less than 0.68 kg (1.5 lb). The new design is a single pressuremeter-like unit in which small accelerometers are glued to the inside of an inflatable membrane. When inflated, the accelerometers are pressed against the borehole wall or casing, and excellent coupling is achieved. Typical results from field testing indicate that the new tool produces reliable results.
Noise Overexposure Alters Long-Term Somatosensory-Auditory Processing in the Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus—Possible Basis for Tinnitus-Related Hyperactivity?
Authors: Dehmel Susanne , Pradhan Shashwati , Koehler Seth , Bledsoe Sanford , Shore Susan 
Published: February 2012

The dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) is the first neural site of bimodal auditory-somatosensory integration. Previous studies have shown that stimulation of somatosensory pathways results in immediate suppression or enhancement of subsequent acoustically evoked discharges. In the unimpaired auditory system suppression predominates. However, damage to the auditory input pathway leads to enhancement of excitatory somatosensory inputs to the cochlear nucleus, changing their effects on DCN neurons (Shore et al., 2008; Zeng et al., 2009).Given the well described connection between the somatosensory system and tinnitus in patients we sought to determine whether plastic changes in long-lasting bimodal somatosensory-auditory processing accompany tinnitus. Here we demonstrate for the first timein vivolong-term effects of somatosensory inputs on acoustically evoked discharges of DCN neurons in guinea pigs. The effects of trigeminal nucleus stimulation are compared between normal-hearing animals and animals overexposed with narrow band noise and behaviorally tested for tinnitus. The noise exposure resulted in a temporary threshold shift in auditory brainstem responses but a persistent increase in spontaneous and sound-evoked DCN unit firing rates and increased steepness of rate-level functions. Rate increases were especially prominent in buildup units. The long-term somatosensory enhancement of sound-evoked responses was strengthened while suppressive effects diminished in noise-exposed animals, especially those that developed tinnitus.Damage to the auditory nerve is postulated to trigger compensatory long-term synaptic plasticity of somatosensory inputs that might be an important underlying mechanism for tinnitus generation.
Flowering Time in Maize: Linkage and Epistasis at a Major Effect Locus
Authors: Durand Eléonore , Bouchet Sophie , Bertin Pascal , Ressayre Adrienne , Jamin Philippe , Charcosset Alain , Dillmann Christine , Tenaillon Maud I 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
In a previous study, we identified a candidate fragment length polymorphism associated with flowering time variation after seven generations of selection for flowering time, starting from the maize inbred line F252. Here, we characterized the candidate region and identified underlying polymorphisms. Then, we combined QTL mapping, association mapping, and developmental characterization to dissect the genetic mechanisms responsible for the phenotypic variation. The candidate region contained the Eukaryotic Initiation Factor (eIF-4A) and revealed a high level of sequence and structural variation beyond the 3′-UTR of eIF-4A, including several insertions of truncated transposable elements. Using a biallelic single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (C/T) in the candidate region, we confirmed its association with flowering time variation in a panel of 317 maize inbred lines. However, while the T allele was correlated with late flowering time within the F252 genetic background, it was correlated with early flowering time in the association panel with pervasive interactions between allelic variation and the genetic background, pointing to underlying epistasis. We also detected pleiotropic effects of the candidate polymorphism on various traits including flowering time, plant height, and leaf number. Finally, we were able to break down the correlation between flowering time and leaf number in the progeny of a heterozygote (C/T) within the F252 background consistent with causal loci in linkage disequilibrium. We therefore propose that both a cluster of tightly linked genes and epistasis contribute to the phenotypic variation for flowering time.
Genetic Analysis of Complex Interactions Among Components of the Mitochondrial Import Motor and Translocon in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Schilke Brenda A , Hayashi Masaya , Craig Elizabeth A 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
A highly conserved, Hsp70-based, import motor, which is associated with the translocase on the matrix side of the inner mitochondrial membrane, is critical for protein translocation into the matrix. Hsp70 is tethered to the translocon via interaction with Tim44. Pam18, the J-protein co-chaperone, and Pam16, a structurally related protein with which Pam18 forms a heterodimer, are also critical components of the motor. Their N termini are important for the heterodimer’s translocon association, with Pam18’s and Pam16’s N termini interacting in the intermembrane space and the matrix, respectively. Here, using the model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we report the identification of an N-terminal segment of Tim44, important for association of Pam16 with the translocon. We also report that higher amounts of Pam17, a nonessential motor component, are found associated with the translocon in both PAM16 and TIM44 mutants that affect their interaction with one another. These TIM44 and PAM16 mutations are also synthetically lethal with a deletion of PAM17. In contrast, a deletion of PAM17 has little, or no genetic interaction with a PAM18 mutation that affects translocon association of the Pam16:Pam18 heterodimer, suggesting a second role for the Pam16:Tim44 interaction. A similar pattern of genetic interactions and enhanced Pam17 translocon association was observed in the absence of the C terminus of Tim17, a core component of the translocon. We suggest the Pam16:Tim44 interaction may play two roles: (1) tethering the Pam16:Pam18 heterodimer to the translocon and (2) positioning the import motor for efficient engagement with the translocating polypeptide along with Tim17 and Pam17.
Comments by the Auditing Standards Committee of the Auditing Section of the American Accounting Association on PCAOB Rulemaking Docket Matter No. 37: PCAOB Release No. 2011-006, Concept Release on Auditor Independence and Audit Firm Rotation
Authors: Jones Keith L. , Aier Jagadison K. , Brandon Duane M. , Carpenter Tina D. , Gaynor Lisa M. , Knechel W. Robert , Pevzner Mikhail B. , Reed Brad J. , Walker Paul L. 
Published: February 2012

SUMMARY
In August 2011, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB or Board) issued a concept release to solicit public comment on the potential direction of a proposed standard-setting project on means to enhance auditor independence, objectivity, and professional skepticism. The Concept Release sought comments on and explores in detail the possibility of mandatory audit firm rotation. The PCAOB provided for a 121-day exposure period (from August 16 to December 14, 2011) for interested parties to examine and provide comments on the concept release. The Auditing Standards Committee of the Auditing Section of the American Accounting Association provided the comments in the letter below (dated December 13, 2011) to the PCAOB on PCAOB Rulemaking Docket Matter No. 37: PCAOB Release No. 2011-006, Concept Release on Auditor Independence and Audit Firm Rotation.
Data Availability: Information about and access to the release are available at: http://pcaobus.org/Rules/Rulemaking/Docket037/Release_2011-006.pdf
Rotatory subluxation: experience from the Hospital for Sick Children
Authors: Beier Alexandra D. , Vachhrajani Shobhan , Bayerl Simon H. , Diaz Aguilar Claudia Y. , Lamberti-Pasculli Maria , Drake James M. 
Published: February 2012

Object
Diagnosis and management of atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation (AARS) is challenging because of its variability in clinical presentation. Although several treatment modalities have been employed, there remains no consensus on the most appropriate therapy. The authors explore this issue in their 9-year series on AARS.

Methods
Records of patients diagnosed radiologically and clinically with AARS between May 2001 and March 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. Of 40 patients identified, 24 were male and were on average 8.5 years of age (range 15 months–16 years). Causes of AARS included trauma, congenital abnormalities, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, infection, postsurgical event, and cryptogenic disease. Four patients had dual etiologies. Symptom duration varied: 29 patients had symptoms for less than 4 weeks, 5 patients had symptoms between 1 and 3 months, and 6 patients had symptoms for 3 months or more.

Results
Treatment with a cervical collar was sufficient in 21 patients. In 1 patient collar management failed and halter traction was used to reduce the subluxation. Seven patients underwent initial halter traction, but in 4 the subluxation progressed and the patients required halo traction. A halo vest was placed in 2 patients on presentation because the rotatory subluxation was severe; both patients required subsequent operative fusion. One patient required decompression and fusion due to severe canal compromise and myelopathy. All patients requiring fusion presented with subacute symptoms.

Conclusions
Management of AARS varies due to the spectrum of clinical presentations. Patients presenting acutely without neurological deficits can likely undergo collar therapy; those in whom the subluxation cannot be reduced or who present with a neurological deficit may require traction and/or surgical fixation. Patients presenting subacutely may be more prone to requiring operative intervention.
Flow characteristics of cerebrospinal fluid shunt tubing
Authors: Cheatle Joseph T. , Bowder Alexis N. , Agrawal Sandeep K. , Sather Michael D. , Hellbusch Leslie C. 
Published: February 2012

Object
Cerebrospinal fluid shunt systems malfunction for a multitude of reasons, including malpostitioning, obstruction of the ventricular or distal catheter, obstruction of the shunt valve, and catheter disruptions or disconnections. The goal of this study was to examine the hydrodynamic resistance and flow in new and explanted catheters and also in catheters with 1 or 2 straight connectors.

Methods
Explanted catheters of multiple lengths, 2-piece catheters, 3-piece catheters, and new catheters were attached to a proximal and distal manometer. A flask with artificial CSF attached to the proximal end provided flow. The flow was allowed to stabilize over 1 hour; then the change in pressure between the proximal and distal end of the catheter was measured.

Results
The resistance to flow was calculated for new, never-implanted catheters and compared with the resistance of explanted distal shunt catheters. The resistance of the new catheters was examined after the addition of 1 and 2 straight connectors. Explanted catheters exhibited a slight increase in the resistance to flow of artificial CSF compared with new catheters. Two-piece and 3-piece catheters had a significant increase in resistance to flow compared with new catheters. For all catheters, resistance to flow increased as length increased (new, p = 0.01; explanted, p = 0.009; 1 connector, p = 0.01; 2 connectors, p = 0.03). In this paper, effective diameter is defined as the available cross-sectional area of catheter contacted by the artificial CSF. For new and explanted catheters, a decrease in the effective diameter of the catheter was associated with an increase in the resistance to flow of artificial CSF (new, p = 0.1083; explanted, p = 0.0091). However, after the addition of 1 or 2 connectors, an inverse trend was observed: resistance to flow increased with effective diameter.

Conclusions
There appears to be some increase in resistance of CSF shunt catheters as they age, altering flow dynamics. In addition, the use of straight connectors within a CSF shunt system increases the resistance to flow of artificial CSF within the shunt system. The increase in resistance appears to be related to the duration of implantation and the length of the catheter and inversely related to the diameter of the catheter. This increase in resistance may be related to sterile shunt malfunction. The addition of straight connectors is associated with a significant increase in resistance in comparison with catheters without connectors (p = 0.005).
Risk factors of sudden death in young adult patients with myelomeningocele
Authors: Jernigan Sarah C. , Berry Jay G. , Graham Dionne A. , Bauer Stuart B. , Karlin Lawrence I. , Hobbs Nedda M. , Scott R. Michael , Warf Benjamin C. 
Published: February 2012

Object
Although survival for patients with myelomeningocele has dramatically improved in recent decades, the occasional occurrence of sudden, unexplained death in young adult patients with myelomeningocele has been noted by the authors. This study was undertaken to determine risk factors for sudden death in this population.

Methods
The authors performed a retrospective chart review of patients born between 1978 and 1990 who received care at Children's Hospital Boston. The relationship between sudden death and patient demographics, presence of CSF shunt and history of shunt revisions, midbrain length as a marker for severity of hindbrain malformation, seizures, pulmonary and ventilatory dysfunction, body mass index, scoliosis, renal dysfunction, and cardiac disease was evaluated using the t-test, Fisher exact test, and logistic regression analysis.

Results
The age range for 106 patients in the study cohort was 19–30 years, with 58 (54.7%) women and 48 (45.3%) men. Six patients, all of whom were young women, experienced sudden death. In multivariate analysis, female sex, sleep apnea, and midbrain elongation ≥ 15 mm on MR imaging remained significantly associated with a higher risk of sudden death. These risk factors were cumulative, and female patients with sleep apnea and midbrain length ≥ 15 mm had the greatest risk (adjusted risk ratio 24.0, 95% CI 7.3–79.0; p < 0.05). No other comorbidities were found to significantly increase the risk of sudden death.

Conclusions
Young adult women with myelomeningocele are at significantly increased risk of sudden death in the setting of midbrain elongation and sleep apnea. Further investigation is needed to determine the benefit of routine screening to identify at-risk patients for closer cardiopulmonary monitoring and treatment.
Preoperative third ventricular bowing as a predictor of endoscopic third ventriculostomy success
Authors: Dlouhy Brian J. , Capuano Ana W. , Madhavan Karthik , Torner James C. , Greenlee Jeremy D. W. 
Published: February 2012

Object
Patients with hydrocephalus often present with both intraventricular obstructive and communicating components, and determination of the predominant component is difficult. Other investigators have observed that third ventricular floor deformation, or “bowing” of the third ventricular floor, is a good indicator of intraventricular obstructive hydrocephalus, resulting in higher success rates with endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV). However, additional third ventricular bowing assessment and statistical evidence demonstrating a difference in ETV outcome with third ventricular bowing is needed. The authors hypothesized that patients with preoperative bowing of the third ventricle would exhibit greater long-term success rates after ETV and that lack of bowing would result in increased failure rates after ETV.

Methods
The authors determined success and failure for 59 ETVs performed in 56 patients, and recorded patient age, time to failure, and preoperative third ventricular anatomy, as well as history of infection, intraventricular hemorrhage, and previous shunt. Third ventricular anatomy was assessed on MR imaging for bowing, which was classified as any of the following: depression of the third ventricular floor, enlargement of the supraoptic recess, anterior curvature of the lamina terminalis, dilation of the proximal aqueduct to a greater extent than the distal aqueduct, and blunting or posterior bowing of the suprapineal recess. Univariate and multivariate analyses of ETV failure and the time to failure were performed using logistic regression and the Cox proportional hazards model, respectively.

Results
After adjusting for patient age and history of infection, there was a significant association between lack of anterior third ventricular preoperative bowing (either lamina terminalis, supraoptic recess, or third ventricular floor) and ETV failure (adjusted HR 2.79, 95% CI 1.08–7.20). Of the patients with bowing, 70.5% experienced success with ETV, as did 33.3% of the patients without bowing. Among the individual structures, absence of bowing in the anterior aspect of the third ventricular floor was significantly associated with censored time to ETV failure (multivariate HR 2.59, 95% CI 1.01–6.66; final model including age and history of infection).

Conclusions
The presence of preoperative third ventricular bowing is predictive of ETV success, with nearly a 3-fold likelihood of success compared with patients treated with ETV in the absence of such bowing. Although bowing is predictive, 33% of patients without bowing were also treated successfully with ETV.
Introduction : qualité, évaluation, européanisation et gouvernance de l'éducation
Authors: Grek Sotiria , Lawn Martin , Ozga Jenny 
Published: February 2012

Résumé Ce dossier porte sur la production incessante de données pour suivre la qualité et la performance de l’éducation en Europe et sur leur interprétation en termes de gouvernance. Les contributeurs examinent dans quelle mesure ces données et le souci de l’assurance qualité et de l’évaluation qu’elles traduisent peuvent être lus comme une forme de fabrication, voire de gouvernance de l’éducation européenne. Ils s’appuient sur une recherche collaborative (2006-2009, Angleterre, Danemark, Finlande, Écosse et Suède) analysant la façon dont les données de performance ont changé la gouvernance et le contrôle de l’éducation. Au-delà des données sur l’assurance-qualité et ses effets, la création d’un espace politique européen de l’éducation est au cœur du dossier. Le débat porte sur la façon dont les stratégies nationales encouragent ou non un processus d’européanisation et fabriquent ainsi un espace politique européen de l’éducation gouverné par les données, ce terme de fabrication incluant l’idée de tromperie face aux preuves... L’ambition ici est double : analyser l’européanisation de l’éducation, souvent négligée ; adopter une perspective critique sur la manière dont les données fabriquent un système et un espace partagé d’éducation européens susceptibles de présenter une image simplifiée, voire déformée, du monde ; ce qui souligne l’importance de donner du sens à la traduction des imaginaires en opérations/pratiques et en institutions.