bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 attenuates the glycaemic response to postpyloric nutrient infusion in critically ill patients with type-2 diabetes
Authors: Deane Adam M , Summers Matthew J , Zaknic Antony V , Chapman Marianne J , Fraser Robert JL , Di Bartolomeo Anna E , Wishart Judith M , Horowitz Michael 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Introduction
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) attenuates the glycaemic response to small intestinal nutrient infusion in stress-induced hyperglycaemia and reduces fasting glucose concentrations in critically ill patients with type-2 diabetes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of acute administration of GLP-1 on the glycaemic response to small intestinal nutrient infusion in critically ill patients with pre-existing type-2 diabetes.

Methods
Eleven critically ill mechanically-ventilated patients with known type-2 diabetes received intravenous infusions of GLP-1 (1.2 pmol/kg/minute) and placebo from t = 0 to 270 minutes on separate days in randomised double-blind fashion. Between t = 30 to 270 minutes a liquid nutrient was infused intraduodenally at a rate of 1 kcal/min via a naso-enteric catheter. Blood glucose, serum insulin and C-peptide, and plasma glucagon were measured. Data are mean ± SEM.

Results
GLP-1 attenuated the overall glycaemic response to nutrient (blood glucose AUC30-270 min: GLP-1 2,244 ± 184 vs. placebo 2,679 ± 233 mmol/l/minute; P = 0.02). Blood glucose was maintained at < 10 mmol/l in 6/11 patients when receiving GLP-1 and 4/11 with placebo. GLP-1 increased serum insulin at 270 minutes (GLP-1: 23.4 ± 6.7 vs. placebo: 16.4 ± 5.5 mU/l; P < 0.05), but had no effect on the change in plasma glucagon.

Conclusions
Exogenous GLP-1 in a dose of 1.2 pmol/kg/minute attenuates the glycaemic response to small intestinal nutrient in critically ill patients with type-2 diabetes. Given the modest magnitude of the reduction in glycaemia the effects of GLP-1 at higher doses and/or when administered in combination with insulin, warrant evaluation in this group.

Trial registration
ANZCTR:ACTRN12610000185066
Integrated Genomic Analysis of Nodular Tissue in Macronodular Adrenocortical Hyperplasia: Progression of Tumorigenesis in a Disorder Associated with Multiple Benign Lesions
Authors: Almeida Madson Q. , Harran Michelle , Bimpaki Eirini I. , Hsiao Hui-Pin , Horvath Anelia , Cheadle Chris , Watkins Tonya , Nesterova Maria , Stratakis Constantine A. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractContext:Massive macronodular adrenocortical disease or ACTH-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (AIMAH) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorder.Objective and Design:Whole-genome expression profiling and oligonucleotide array comparative genomic hybridization changes were analyzed in samples of different nodules from the same patients with AIMAH. Quantitative RT-PCR and staining were employed to validate the mRNA array data.Results:Chromosomal gains were more frequent in larger nodules when compared with smaller nodules from the same patients. Among the 50 most overexpressed genes, 50% had a chromosomal locus that was amplified in the comparative genomic hybridization data. Although the list of most over- and underexpressed genes was similar between the nodules of different size, the gene set enrichment analysis identified different pathways associated with AIMAH that corresponded to the size; the smaller nodules were mainly enriched for metabolic pathways, whereas p53 signaling and cancer genes were enriched in larger nodules. Confirmatory studies demonstrated that BCL2, E2F1, EGF, c-KIT, MYB, PRKCA, and CTNNB1 were overexpressed in the larger nodules at messenger and/or protein levels. Chromosomal enrichment analysis showed that chromosomes 20q13 and 14q23 might be involved in progression of AIMAH from smaller to larger tumors.Conclusion:Integrated transcriptomic and genomic data for AIMAH provides supporting evidence to the hypothesis that larger adrenal lesions, in the context of this chronic, polyclonal hyperplasia, accumulate an increased number of genomic and, subsequently, transcript abnormalities. The latter shows that the disease appears to start with mainly tissue metabolic derangements, as suggested by the study of the smaller nodules, but larger lesions showed aberrant expression of oncogenic pathways.
The Water Permeability Channels Aquaporins 1–4 Are Differentially Expressed in Granulosa and Theca Cells of the Preovulatory Follicle during Precise Stages of Human Ovulation
Authors: Thoroddsen Asgeir , Dahm-Kähler Pernilla , Lind Anna Karin , Weijdegård Birgitta , Lindenthal Bernhard , Müller Jörg , Brännström Mats 
Published: January 2011

AbstractContext:Changes in vascular permeability and expansion of the fluid-filled antrum are major events in the LH-induced ovulatory process.Objectives:Our objective was to investigate the presence and expression levels of aquaporins (AQPs) in the granulosa and theca cell compartments of the follicle during defined phases of human ovulation.Design and Setting:We conducted a prospective experimental study at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at a university hospital.Participants:Twenty-eight women underwent laparoscopic sterilization and at the same time follicle retrieval at four periovulatory phases.Main Outcome Measures:mRNA levels of AQP1-4 were measured in separated granulosa and theca cells from preovulatory phase, early ovulatory (EO) phase, late ovulatory phase, and postovulatory phase. Immunohistochemistry was done for AQP1-4 in intact human follicles.Results:All four AQPs were expressed in both the theca and granulosa cells during ovulation. In granulosa cells, AQP1 levels increased in the late ovulatory and postovulatory phases. Expression of AQP2-3 followed a similar pattern with a marked increase in the EO phase, whereas AQP4 levels decreased from preovulatory to the EO phase. The presence of AQP1-4 in the human follicle was verified by immunohistochemistry.Conclusions:The results show for the first time the presence of AQP1-4 in human follicles during ovulation. The marked early rise in expression of AQP2 and AQP3 suggests a role during the process leading to follicular rupture, and the late rise of AQP1 suggests a role in corpus luteum formation.
Portfolio Dynamics for Customers of a Multiservice Provider
Authors: Schweidel David A. , Bradlow Eric T. , Fader Peter S. 
Published: January 2011

Multiservice providers, such as telecommunication and financial service companies, can benefit from understanding how customers' service portfolios evolve over the course of their relationships. This can provide guidance for managerial issues such as customer valuation and predicting customers' future behavior, whether it is acquiring additional services, selectively dropping current services, or ending the relationship entirely. In this research, we develop a dynamic hidden Markov model to identify latent states that govern customers' affinity for the available services through which customers evolve. In addition, we incorporate and demonstrate the importance of separating two other sources of dynamics: portfolio inertia and service stickiness. We then examine the relationship between state membership and managerially relevant metrics, including customers' propensities for acquiring additional services or terminating the relationship, and customer lifetime value. Through a series of illustrative vignettes, we show that customers who have discarded a particular service may have an increased risk of canceling all services in the near future (as intuition would suggest) but also may be more prone to acquire more services, a provocative finding of interest to service providers. Our findings also emphasize the need to look beyond the previous period, as in much current research, and consider how customers have evolved over their entire relationship in order to predict their future actions.This paper was accepted by Pradeep Chintagunta, marketing.
Testosterone deficiency in the aging male and its relationship with sexual dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Corona Giovanni , Rastrelli Giulia , Ricca Valdo , Maggi Mario 
Published: January 2011

Abstract

Background: The relationship between age-associated dec-line of testosterone (T), cardiovascular (CV) risk and sexual dysfunction in males is not completely clear. The aim of the present study was to report our experience in a large series of patients seeking medical care for sexual dysfunction and comparing our results with current evidence.

Materials and methods: Here, we review published data from our laboratory and reported data from a cross-sectional analysis on a consecutive series of 3149 patients seeking medical care at our Unit for sexual dysfunction (between 2000 and 2010). Among them, 1687 (studied between 2000 and 2007) patients were also longitudinally evaluated (mean follow-up 4.3±2.6 years) for forthcoming major cardiovascular events (MACEs). All major findings were discussed in comparison with data reported in the literature.

Results: T levels were associated with a wide array of biological and psychological factors, which substantially differ as a function of age. Some of these associations were more evident in the youngest patients (psychological symptoms), whereas sexual symptoms, including erectile function, sexual desire and the frequency of sexual intercourse, were associated with T levels only in the oldest patients. We did not find any association between T and MACEs, whereas we reported a close link between CV mortality and low T. Both these observations are in line with data obtained in community-dwelling men.

Conclusions: T plays a crucial role in regulating different aspects of male sexual function. The effect of T on CV risk needs to be confirmed in larger epidemiological and interventional studies.
Aldosterone and the cardiovascular system: a dangerous association
Authors: Cachofeiro Victoria , López-Andrés Natalia , Miana Maria , Martín-Fernández Beatriz , de las Heras Natalia , Martínez Ernesto , Lahera Vicente , Fortuño María Antonia 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Initial studies have focussed on the actions of aldosterone in renal electrolyte handling and, as a consequence, blood pressure control. More recently, attention has primarily been focussed on its actions on the heart and vascular system, where it is locally produced. Aldosterone by binding mineralocorticoid receptors causes oxidative stress, fibrosis and triggers an inflammatory response in the cardiovascular system. All these effects could be underlying the role of aldo-sterone on cardiac and vascular remodelling associated with different pathological situations. At the vascular level, aldo-sterone affects endothelial function because administration of aldosterone to rats impaired endothelium-dependent relaxations. In addition, the administration of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists ameliorates endothelium-dependent relaxation in models of both hypertension and atherosclerosis, and in patients with heart failure. Several mechanisms can participate in this effect, including production of vasoconstrictor factors and a reduction in nitric oxide levels. This reduction can involve both a decrease in its production as well as an increase in its degradation by reactive oxygen species. Aldosterone can produce oxidative stress by the activation of transcription factors such as the NF-κB system, which can also trigger an inflammatory process through the production of different cytokines. At cardiac level, high levels of aldosterone can also adversely impact heart function by producing cardiac hypertrophy, diastolic dysfunction and electrical remodelling through changes in ionic channels. All these effects can explain the beneficial effect of mineralocorticoid blockade in the cardiovascular system.
The distribution of placental oxidoreductase isoforms provides different milieus of steroids influencing pregnancy in the maternal and fetal compartment
Authors: Hill Martin , Pařízek Antonín , Velíková Marta , Kubátová Jana , Kancheva Radmila , Dušková Michaela , Šimůnková Kateřina , Klímková Michaela , Pašková Andrea , Žižka Zdeněk , Jirásek Jan Evangelista , Jirkovská Marie , Stárka Luboslav 
Published: January 2011

AbstractUsing information based on the steroid metabolome in maternal and fetal body fluids, we attempted to ascertain whether there is a common mechanism, which is based on the placental distribution of various isoforms of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases and aldo-keto reductases. This system simultaneously provides a higher proportion of active progestogens in fetal circulation and a higher proportion of active estrogens and GABAergic steroids in the maternal compartment. The data obtained using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry completely support the aforementioned hypothesis. We confirmed a common trend to higher ratios of steroids with hydroxy-groups in the 3α-, 17β-, and 20α-positions to the corresponding 3-oxo-, 17-oxo-, and 20-oxo-metabolites, respectively, in the maternal blood when compared with the fetal circulation, and the same tendency was obvious in the 3α-hydroxy/3β-hydroxy steroid ratios. A decreasing trend was observed in the ratios of active estrogens and neuro-inhibitory steroids to their inactive counterparts in fetal and maternal body fluids. This was probably associated with a limited capacity of placental oxidoreductases in the converting of estrone to estradiol during the transplacental passage. Although we observed a decreasing trend in pregnancy-sustaining steroids with increasing gestational age, we recorded rising levels of estradiol and particularly of estriol, regardless of the limited capacity of placental oxidoreductases. Besides the estradiol, which is generally known as an active estrogen, estriol may be of importance for the termination of pregnancy with respect to its excessive concentrations near term which allows its binding to estrogen receptors.
Mechanisms of estrogen protection in diabetes and metabolic disease
Authors: Cignarella Andrea , Bolego Chiara 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Until menopause, women are largely protected against several metabolic disorders, implicating a role for sex hormones. Adiposity and insulin resistance are fundamental features in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Emerging data suggest that sex-steroid hormones and adipocyte-derived hormones and cytokines could be associated with type 2 diabetes risk and that some of these novel markers can exhibit a sexual dimorphism with regard to this risk. Evidence suggests that the female hormone, 17β-estradiol protects insulin production and prevents diabetes. Although 17β-estradiol acts primarily via two distinct estrogen receptors (ERs), ERα and ERβ, it appears that ERα protects β-cell survival, whereas ERβ reduces ERα function and provokes β-cell apoptosis. Accordingly, use of menopausal hormone therapy has been shown to reduce diabetes incidence and weight gain. Recent findings that benefits of menopausal hormone therapy might not outweigh the risks in some women do not negate the importance of identifying mechanisms by which 17β-estradiol attenuates the development and progression of metabolic disease. This could lay the ground to the design of pharmacological treatments for the prevention of menopause-associated metabolic disorders that are safer and more efficacious than current hormone-based regimens.
Larval Morphology of Meruidae (Coleoptera: Adephaga) and Its Phylogenetic Implications
Authors: Alarie Yves , Short Andrew E Z , Garcia Mauricio , Joly Luis 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Meruidae, or comb-clawed cascade beetles, are a recently discovered monotypic family of Adephaga endemic to Venezuela. The larvae of Meruidae are described for the first time, based on material of Meru phyllisaeSpangler & Steiner, 2005, collected together with adults in southern Venezuela. External morphological features, including chaetotaxy, are reported for the mature larva and an assessment made of the polarity of larval characters of phylogenetic utility in Adephaga. Larvae of Meruidae possess a mixture of primitive and derived character states, and they are unique within the Adephaga in that here the mandibles are asymmetrical, the respiratory system is comprised of only two pairs of spiracles (= oligopneustic), the claws are pectinate, and the abdominal sternite VIII is prolonged overlapping the abdominal sternite IX. A parsimony analysis based on 18 informative larval characteristics was conducted with the program PAUP*. The most parsimonious trees confirm Meruidae as a relatively basal lineage within the Dytiscoidea. Both Meru Spangler & Steiner and Noteridae are hypothesized to have diverged anterior to Amphizoidae, Aspidytidae, Hygrobiidae, and Dytiscidae.
Ecologically and Morphologically Remarkable New Cosmet Moth Species of the Genus Hyposmocoma (Lepidoptera: Cosmopterigidae) Endemic to the Hawaiian Islands, with Reference to the Spectacular Diversity of Larval Cases
Authors: Schmitz Patrick , Rubinoff Daniel 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Hyposmocoma is an endemic Hawaiian moth genus with &gt;330 recognized species occupying a remarkable range of ecological habits and exhibiting a high degree of variation typical of adaptive radiations. Within this diverse genus, some species have evolved intriguing and globally rare lifestyles, such as predatory or aquatic caterpillars. There are still many undescribed species in the genus, and no current work succinctly covers the range of their diversity. We describe nine new species in an attempt to demonstrate some of the remarkable ecological and phenotypic diversity displayed by species in the genus in a concise format: Hyposmocoma carnivora sp. nov. from the island of Hawaii; Hyposmocoma eliai sp. nov. Hyposmocoma nohomaalewa sp. nov., and Hyposmocoma waikamoi sp. nov. from the island of Kauai; and Hyposmocoma papaiili sp. nov., Hyposmocoma pukoa sp. nov., Hyposmocoma pupumoehewa sp. nov., Hyposmocoma opuulaau sp. nov., and Hyposmocoma waikamoi sp. nov. from the island of Maui. Although the taxa presented here do not represent a monophyletic group with respect to the rest of Hyposmocoma, they represent some of the most striking aspects of Hyposmocoma diversity as a whole.
A New North American Species of Pseudacteon (Diptera: Phoridae), Parasitic on Nylanderia arenivaga (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Brown Brian V , Schneider Scott A , LaPolla John S 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
A new species of ant-parasitizing Pseudacteon Coquillett phorid is described. Pseudacteon gracilisetus n. sp. was discovered parasitizing the ant species Nylanderia arenivaga (Wheeler). This species is the second known Pseudacteon parasite of Nylanderia ants.
Effects of Indol-3-Acetic Acid on Biological Parameters of the Larval Endoparasitoid Apanteles galleriae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
Authors: Uçkan Fevzi , Haftaci İpek , Ergin Ekrem 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The nontarget effects of the plant growth regulator indol-3-acetic acid (IAA) on parasitoid development and reproduction were examined using the endoparasitoid Apanteles galleriae Wilkinson (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). The effects of IAA were assessed by rearing A. galleriae on hosts fed different doses of the growth regulator and then measuring a range of life history traits such as immature developmental time, adult longevity, body size, fecundity, and sex ratios in F1 and F2 generations. Wasp development from egg to adult took 27–47 d. However, adult emergence of parasitoids reared on hosts exposed to IAA doses required 14–24 d longer than controls to complete development at doses &gt;200 ppm. Longevity of IAA-treated adult wasps was lower than that of controls at any dose. For example, at IAA doses &gt;200 ppm, the life span of both male and female adult wasps decreased &gt;50% compared with parasitoids that developed inside IAA-free hosts. Adult length also decreased at 500 and 1,000 ppm with respect to the control and lesser dosages. The total number of progeny decreased &gt;50% and female sex ratio increased at doses &gt;200 ppm compared with controls. Our results showed that the developmental biology of parasitoids exposed indirectly to IAA might be affected by high doses.
DNA Barcoding to Identify All Life Stages of Holocyclic Cereal Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Wheat and Other Poaceae
Authors: Shufran Kevin A , Puterka Gary J 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene of the mitochondrial DNA was sequenced in eight holocyclic monoecious aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) that occur on wheat, Triticum aestivum L.; barley, Hordeum vulgare L.; oat, Avena sativa L.; and sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench in the United States. The first 640 bp of the 5′ end were considered as a DNA barcoding technique for species identification. DNA barcoding successfully differentiated Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), Diruaphis noxia (Kurdjumov), Diruaphis tritici (Gillette), Diruaphis frequens (Walker), Diruaphis mexicana (McVicar Baker), Sipha flava (Forbes), Sipha elegans del Guercio, and Sitobion avenae (F.). In addition to the above-mentioned monoecious species, the common cereal aphids Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) and Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch) were included and successfully differentiated. DNA barcoding is a reliable alternative to traditional morphology in the identification of cereal aphids and their various life stages and morphs, including eggs. The application of DNA barcoding to aphid eggs found on grasses will be able to confirm whether D. noxia is now reproducing sexually in the United States after 20 yr of asexual reproduction.
Extent of resection and the long-term durability of vestibular schwannoma surgery
Authors: Sughrue Michael E. , Kaur Rajwant , Rutkowski Martin J. , Kane Ari J. , Kaur Gurvinder , Yang Isaac , Pitts Lawrence H. , Parsa Andrew T. 
Published: January 2011

Object
With limited studies available, the correlation between the extent of resection and tumor recurrence in vestibular schwannomas (VSs) has not been definitively established. In this prospective study, the authors evaluated 772 patients who underwent microsurgical resection of VSs to analyze the association between total tumor resection and the tumor recurrence rate.

Methods
The authors selected all cases from a prospectively collected database of patients who underwent microsurgical resection as their initial treatment for a histopathologically confirmed VS. Recurrence-free survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier analysis. The authors studied the impact of possible confounders such as patient age and tumor size using stepwise Cox regression to calculate the proportional hazard ratio of recurrence while controlling for other cofounding variables.

Results
The authors analyzed data obtained in 571, 89, and 112 patients in whom gross-total, near-total, and subtotal resections, respectively, were performed. A gross-total resection was achieved in 74% of the patients, and the overall recurrence rate in these patients 8.8%. There was no significant relation between the extent of resection and the rate of tumor recurrence (p = 0.58). As expected, the extent of resection was highly correlated with patient age, tumor size, and surgical approach (p < 0.0001). Using Cox regression, the authors found that the approach used did not significantly affect tumor control when the extent of resection was controlled for.

Conclusions
While complete tumor removal is ideal, the results presented here suggest that there is no significant relationship between the extent of resection and tumor recurrence.