bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accumulation and distribution characteristics of platinum group elements in roadside dusts in Beijing, China
Authors: Gao Bo , Yu Yanke , Zhou Huaidong , Lu Jin 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The concentrations, distribution, and accumulation of platinum group elements (PGEs) were investigated in roadside dusts collected in four different foundational areas in Beijing during February to May 2010. The results showed that PGE levels in all samples were above the average upper crust values, with mean concentrations of 57.5 ng · g−1 Pd, 28.2 ng · g−1 Pt, and 9.8 ng · g−1 Rh, respectively. Palladium concentration has increased rapidly in recent years. The rank of PGE levels in four different functional regions for roadside dusts was: heavy density traffic area &gt; residential area &gt; educational area &gt; tourism area. Palladium, Pt, and Rh concentrations in dusts showed strong positive correlations, indicating a common traffic-related source of these metals. Meanwhile, PGEs in these samples were not correlated with other traffic-related metals except for Cr. The average PGE ratios of road dusts from Beijing were consistent with those in Gemany and Western Australia, but lower than those in the United States and Mexico, indicating that various catalyst productions were used in different countries. In addition, grain-size partitioning of PGEs in dusts indicated that concentrations of PGEs differed from one particle size to another. The coarse fraction had higher PGE concentrations than the fine fraction in roadside dusts. These results showed that autocatalyst PGE contamination estimates in the environment would be significantly underestimated if only a fine-grain size fraction (&lt;0.063 mm) is analyzed. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:1231–1238. © 2012 SETAC
Toxic concentrations in fish early life stages peak at a critical moment
Authors: Foekema E.M. , Fischer A. , Parron M. Lopez , Kwadijk C. , de Vries P. , Murk A.J. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
During the development of an embryo into a juvenile, the physiology and behavior of a fish change greatly, affecting exposure to and uptake of environmental pollutants. Based on experimental data with sole (Solea solea), an existing bioaccumulation model was adapted and validated to calculate the development of concentrations of persistent organic pollutants in the tissue of developing fish. Simulation revealed that toxic tissue concentrations of pollutants with log octanol–water partition ratio (KOW) &gt; 5 peak at the moment when the larvae become free-feeding, when the lipid reserves are depleted. This may explain the delayed effects observed in fish early-life-stage experiments with exposed eggs. In the field, eggs can be exposed through maternal transfer to adult pollutant tissue concentrations, which will increase in the larva to peak tissue concentrations, exceeding those of the adult fish. The results demonstrate the risk of underestimating the effects of lipophilic persistent organic pollutants with log KOW &gt; 5 in short-term, early-life-stage fish tests and underscore the importance of maternal transfer as an exposure route in the field situation. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:1381–1390. © 2012 SETAC
Semifield testing of a bioremediation tool for atrazine-contaminated soils: Evaluating the efficacy on soil and aquatic compartments
Authors: Chelinho Sónia , Moreira-Santos Matilde , Silva Cátia , Costa Catarina , Viana Paula , Viegas Cristina A. , Fialho Arsénio M. , Ribeiro Rui , Sousa José Paulo 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The present study evaluated the bioremediation efficacy of a cleanup tool for atrazine-contaminated soils (Pseudomonas sp. ADP plus citrate [P. ADP + CIT]) at a semifield scale, combining chemical and ecotoxicological information. Three experiments representing worst-case scenarios of atrazine contamination for soil, surface water (due to runoff), and groundwater (due to leaching) were performed in laboratory simulators (100 × 40 × 20 cm). For each experiment, three treatments were set up: bioremediated, nonbioremediated, and a control. In the first, the soil was sprayed with 10 times the recommended dose (RD) for corn of Atrazerba and with P. ADP + CIT at day 0 and a similar amount of P. ADP at day 2. The nonbioremediated treatment consisted of soil spraying with 10 times the RD of Atrazerba (day 0). After 7 d of treatment, samples of soil (and eluates), runoff, and leachate were collected for ecotoxicological tests with plants (Avena sativa and Brassica napus) and microalgae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) species. In the nonbioremediated soils, atrazine was very toxic to both plants, with more pronounced effects on plant growth than on seed emergence. The bioremediation tool annulled atrazine toxicity to A. sativa (86 and 100% efficacy, respectively, for seed emergence and plant growth). For B. napus, results point to incomplete bioremediation. For the microalgae, eluate and runoff samples from the nonbioremediated soils were extremely toxic; a slight toxicity was registered for leachates. After only 7 d, the ecotoxicological risk for the aquatic compartments seemed to be diminished with the application of P. ADP + CIT. In aqueous samples obtained from the bioremediated soils, the microalgal growth was similar to the control for runoff samples and slightly lower than control (by 11%) for eluates. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 1564–1572. © 2012 SETAC
Seasonal exposure of fish to neurotoxic pesticides in an intensive agricultural catchment, Uma-oya, Sri Lanka: Linking contamination and acetylcholinesterase inhibition
Authors: Sumith Jayakody A. , Hansani P.L. Chamila , Weeraratne Thilini C. , Munkittrick Kelly R. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The annual cultivation pattern in the Uma-oya catchment in Sri Lanka is characterized by Yala and Maha rainfall periods and associated cropping. Two cultivation seasons were compared for pesticide residues: base flow, field drainage, and the runoff and supplementary sediment data for three sites in the catchment. Organophosphate and N-methyl carbamate pesticide analysis confirmed a higher concentration in the Yala season with low-flow conditions. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was measured by standard spectrometry in the brain, muscle, and eye tissues of three freshwater cyprinid fishes, Garra ceylonensis, Devario malabaricus, and Rasbora daniconius from three study sites during months overlapping two seasons in 2010 (December) and 2011 (July). Baseline AChE data were measured from fish samples from a forested reserve in the Knuckles. A 73% inhibition in muscle AChE activity in G. ceylonensis was associated with intense pesticide exposure months in the Yala season. The AChE inhibition more than 70% in G. ceylonensis eyes in both Yala (76%) and Maha (72.5%) seasons indicates particular sensitivity of eye tissue to inhibitors. The less dramatic AChE inhibition in the eye tissues in D. malabaricus and R. daniconius in both seasons indicates exemplary protective capacity of muscle AChE in fish. The highest inhibition of AChE (up to 60% in brain and up to 56% in muscle AChE activity in R. daniconius and up to 47.8% in brain and up to 64.6% in muscle AChE activity in D. malabaricus) occurred during the Yala season. Tissue AChE activity and physiological activity in fish were correlated. The results collectively indicate that AChE is a consistent biomarker for diffused contaminant exposure in agricultural catchments. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 1501–1510. © 2012 SETAC
Public awareness and opinion on CCS in the province of Québec, Canada
Authors: Moutenet Jean‐Philibert , Bédard Karine , Malo Michel 
Published: April 2012

AbstractCO2 capture and geological storage (CCS) is a major topic of interest in Canada, where many CCS projects are either underway or in the planning stage. In order to get information about public acceptance for a potential CCS pilot project in the province of Québec, two identical Internet‐based public awareness and opinion surveys were conducted: one in 2010 and one in 2011. Results of the two surveys show that respondents are not really aware of what climate change is and that they know almost nothing about CCS. In 2010, respondents did not generally reject CCS technology or a potential pilot project in their region. In fact, they were slightly favorable toward such a project. In 2011, the picture changed slightly as an intense debate on shale gas exploration had taken place in the province at the end of 2010. It appears that respondents were less likely to be favorable toward the use of CCS. It is not possible to specifically link the increase of respondents against CCS or a potential pilot project and the increase of security concerns to the debate regarding shale gas exploration. However, the social context in a region where controversial shale gas activities are underway may not be the best for a potential CCS pilot project to become accepted by the local community. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Four‐dimensional imaging of murine subpleural alveoli using high‐speed optical coherence tomography
Authors: Kirsten Lars , Gaertner Maria , Schnabel Christian , Meissner Sven , Koch Edmund 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe investigation of lung dynamics on alveolar scale is crucial for the understanding and treatment of lung diseases, such as acute lung injury and ventilator induced lung injury, and to promote the development of protective ventilation strategies. One approach to this is the establishment of numerical simulations of lung tissue mechanics where detailed knowledge about three‐dimensional alveolar structure changes during the ventilation cycle is required. We suggest four‐dimensional optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging as a promising modality for visualizing the structural dynamics of single alveoli in subpleural lung tissue with high temporal resolution using a mouse model. A high‐speed OCT setup based on Fourier domain mode locked laser technology facilitated the acquisition of alveolar structures without noticeable motion artifacts at a rate of 17 three‐dimensional stacks per ventilation cycle. The four‐dimensional information, acquired in one single ventilation cycle, allowed calculating the volume‐pressure curve and the alveolar compliance for single alveoli. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
New Results on D‐Optimal Matrices
Authors: Đoković Dragomir Ž. , Kotsireas Ilias S. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe construct a number of new supplementary difference sets (SDS) with v odd and . In particular, these give rise to D‐optimal matrices of the four new orders 206, 242, 262, 482, constructed here for the first time.
Molecular markers of adrenocortical tumors
Authors: Jain Meenu , Rechache Nesrin , Kebebew Electron 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAdrenocortical tumors are common and incidentally discovered in up to 14% of axial imaging studies performed for other indications. Most of these tumors are nonfunctioning but may require removal because of the risk of adrenocortical carcinoma. Unfortunately, most clinical and imaging features are still not accurate enough to allow definitive diagnosis and an increasing number of patients undergo adrenalectomy to exclude a cancer diagnosis. Adrenocortical carcinoma is an aggressive malignancy with no effective therapy for patients with locally advanced and metastatic disease. Studies using new genomic approaches including mRNA, miRNA, methylation, and CGH profiling have identified dysregulated genes and pathways that may have clinical implications in improved molecular diagnosis and prognostication of adrenocortical cancer (ACC). In this review, we highlight recent advances in the molecular diagnosis of adrenocortical tumors. Published 2012. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 106:549–556. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Synthesis of a New Cationic Polythiophene Derivative and Its Application for Colorimetric and Fluorometric Detection of Iodide Ion and Anionic Surfactants in Water
Authors: Li Enyong , Lin Li , Wang Lin , Pei Meishan , Xu Jingkun , Zhang Guangyou 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA new cationic polythiophene derivative poly[3‐(1,1′‐dimethyl‐4‐piperidinemethylene)thiophene‐2,5‐diyl chloride] (PDPMT‐Cl) is synthesized and applied as a colorimetric and fluorometric probe for the detection of iodide ion and anionic surfactants with high selectivity and sensitivity. Upon adding iodide ion or anionic surfactant into the aqueous solution of PDPMT‐Cl, the maximum absorption of the polymer is blue‐shifted with a naked‐eye color change from red‐violet to yellow, signifying that iodide ion or anionic surfactants can cause the dissociation of PDPMT‐Cl aggregates. More sensitive results are obtained in the fluorometric detection to iodide ion or anionic surfactant, thereinto, the detection limit to surfactants can be extended to the order of 10−9 M.
Shelah's strong covering property and CH inV[r]
Authors: Eslami Esfandiar , Golshani Mohammad 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn this paper we review Shelah's strong covering property and its applications. We also extend some of the results of Shelah and Woodin on the failure of\documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathsf {CH}$\end{document}by adding a real.
Application of compressed sensing to multidimensional spectroscopic imaging in human prostate
Authors: Furuyama Jon K. , Wilson Neil E. , Burns Brian L. , Nagarajan Rajakumar , Margolis Daniel J. , Thomas M. Albert 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe application of compressed sensing is demonstrated in a recently implemented four‐dimensional echo‐planar based J‐resolved spectroscopic imaging sequence combining two spatial and two spectral dimensions. The echo‐planar readout simultaneously acquires one spectral and one spatial dimension. Therefore, the compressed sensing undersampling is performed along the indirectly acquired spatial and spectral dimensions, and the reconstruction is performed using the split Bregman algorithm, an efficient TV‐minimization solver. The four‐dimensional echo‐planar‐based J‐resolved spectroscopic imaging data acquired in a prostate phantom containing metabolites at physiological concentrations are accurately reconstructed with as little as 20% of the original data. Experimental data acquired in six healthy prostates using the external body matrix “receive” coil on a 3T magnetic resonance imaging scanner are reconstructed with acquisitions using only 25% of the Nyquist–Shannon required amount of data, indicating the potential for a 4‐fold acceleration factor in vivo, bringing the required scan time for multidimensional magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging within clinical feasibility. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A meshfree method for fully coupled analysis of flow and deformation in unsaturated porous media
Authors: Khoshghalb A. , Khalili N. 
Published: April 2012

SUMMARYA meshfree algorithm is proposed for the fully coupled analysis of flow and deformation in unsaturated poro‐elastic media. A brief description of the governing differential equations is presented followed by the spatial discretization of the governing equations using the Galerkin approach and the radial point interpolation method. Temporal discretization is achieved using a three‐point approximation technique with second order accuracy. Particular attention is given to the determination of constitutive coefficients and effective stress parameters of the medium taking into account hydraulic hysteresis. Application of the model to several experimental data is demonstrated. Good agreement is obtained between the numerical and experimental results in all cases highlighting the ability of the proposed model in capturing the volume change and suction dependency of the model parameters as well as the coupled behaviour of unsaturated porous media subject to hydraulic hysteresis. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lower‐dimensional interface elements with local enrichment: application to coupled hydro‐mechanical problems in discretely fractured porous media
Authors: Watanabe N. , Wang W. , Taron J. , Görke U. J. , Kolditz O. 
Published: April 2012

SUMMARYIn this study, we develop lower‐dimensional interface elements to represent preexisting fractures in rock material, focusing on finite element analysis of coupled hydro‐mechanical problems in discrete fractures–porous media systems. The method adopts local enrichment approximations for a discontinuous displacement and a fracture relative displacement function. Multiple and intersected fractures can be treated with the new scheme. Moreover, the method requires less mesh dependencies for accurate finiteelement approximations compared with the conventional interface element method. In particular, for coupled problems, the method allows for the use of a single mesh for both mechanical and other related processes such as flow and transport. For verification purposes, several numerical examples are examined in detail. Application to a coupled hydro‐mechanical problem is demonstrated with fluid injection into a single fracture. The numerical examples prove that the proposed method produces results in strong agreement with reference solutions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Outcomes of congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a 12‐year experience
Authors: Samangaya Rebekah A. , Choudhri Safiyya , Murphy Fiona , Zaidi Taqui , Gillham Joanna C. , Morabito Antonino 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo determine outcomes for babies with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) diagnosed prenatally and postnatally presenting to a tertiary unit.MethodFetal medicine database and neonatal surgical unit admission books were reviewed to identify cases of CDH over a 12‐year period (Jan 1998– Dec 2009).ResultsA total of 132 cases of CDH were diagnosed prenatally and 39 cases diagnosed postnatally. Mean gestation at diagnosis was 22 weeks (range 13–37 weeks). Karyotyping was abnormal in 15.9%; abnormal karyotype in 3.6% of fetuses without other structural anomalies compared with 38.9% when other anomalies were identified. In 45 cases (34.1%) pregnancy was terminated. Two stillbirths occurred (2.3% of ongoing pregnancies). One hundred twenty‐four babies were live born, of whom 98 babies underwent surgery. Survival to discharge of all live born babies was 72.6%; survival following surgery was 91.8%. Birthweight had a significant effect on survival (odds ratio 0.22, 95% confidence intervals 0.08–0.66). Survival for live born babies prenatally diagnosed was significantly lower (65.9%) than those diagnosed postnatally (92.3%).ConclusionAbnormal karyotype was more common when CDH was associated with other anomalies. In multivariate analysis, lower birthweight and prenatal diagnosis had a significant impact on survival. Only prenatally diagnosed CDH survival figures should be utilised in prenatal counselling. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A computational study of the thermolysis of β‐hydroxy ketones in gas phase and in m‐xylene solution
Authors: Henao Diana , Murillo Juliana , Ruiz Pablo , Quijano Jairo , Mejía Bárbara , Castañeda Lina , Notario Rafael 
Published: April 2012

Theoretical calculations at the M05‐2X/6‐31+G(d) level of theory have been carried out in order to explore the nature of the mechanism of the thermal decomposition reactions of the β‐hydroxy ketones, 4‐hydroxy‐2‐butanone, 4‐hydroxy‐2‐pentanone, and 4‐hydroxy‐2‐methyl‐2‐pentanone in gas phase and in m‐xylene solution. The mechanism proposed is a one‐step process proceeding through a six‐membered cyclic transition state.A reasonable agreement between experimental and calculated activation parameters and rate constants has been obtained, the tertiary : secondary : primary alcohol rate constant ratio being calculated, at T = 503.15 K, as 5.9:4.7:1.0 in m‐xylene solution and 44.1:5.0:1.0 in the gas phase, compared with the experimental values, 3.7:1.3:1.0 and 13.5:3.2:1.0, respectively.The progress of the thermal decomposition reactions of β‐hydroxy ketones has been followed by means of the Wiberg bond indices. The lengthening of the O1–C2 bond with the initial migration of the H6 atom from O5 to O1 can be seen as the driving force for the studied reactions. Calculated synchronicity values indicate that the mechanisms correspond to concerted and highly synchronous processes. The transition states are “advanced”, nearer to the products than to the reactants. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of Membrane‐Electrode Assembly for Fuel Cells by Means of (Sub)‐Atmospheric Plasma Processes
Authors: Merche Delphine , Dufour Thierry , Hubert Julie , Poleunis Claude , Yunus Sami , Delcorte Arnaud , Bertrand Patrick , Reniers François 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAn easy procedure to build up membrane‐electrode assemblies for applications dedicated to miniaturized PEMFC using H2 or CH3OH by a two‐steps atmospheric plasma process is reported. Firstly, catalyst nanoparticles are grafted on carbon substrates by spraying a Pt colloidal solution in the post‐discharge of an RF atmospheric plasma torch. In the second step, the resulting decorated electrodes are covered by plasma synthesized polymeric membranes in the discharge of a DBD. The sulfonated polystyrene membranes are synthesized by injecting simultaneously styrene and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid monomers, in the presence of a carrier gas (Ar or He). The membranes are chemically characterized by XPS, ToF‐SIMS, and FTIR (IRRAS) and their deposition rate is investigated by SEM.magnified image
Crystal structure of DeSI‐1, a novel deSUMOylase belonging to a putative isopeptidase superfamily
Authors: Suh Hye‐Young , Kim Ji‐Hoon , Woo Jae‐Sung , Ku Bonsu , Shin Eun Ju , Yun Yungdae , Oh Byung‐Ha 
Published: April 2012

AbstractPost‐translational modification by small ubiquitin‐like modifier (SUMO) can be reversed by sentrin/SUMO‐specific proteases (SENPs), the first known class of deSUMOylase. Recently, we identified a new deSUMOylating enzyme DeSI‐1, which is distinct from SENPs and belongs to the putative deubiquitinating isopeptidase PPPDE superfamily. Herein, we report the crystal structure of DeSI‐1, revealing that this enzyme forms a homodimer and that the groove between the two subunits is the active site harboring two absolutely conserved cysteine and histidine residues that form a catalytic dyad. We also show that DeSI‐1 exhibits an extremely low endopeptidase activity toward precursor forms of SUMO‐1 and SUMO‐2, unlike SENPs. Proteins 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Photon dynamics of amplified and damped cavity fields
Authors: Häyrynen Teppo , Oksanen Jani , Tulkki Jukka 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe have derived a quantum trajectory model for describing the dynamics of cavity fields of optoelectronic devices. We apply the model to describe the photon statistics of semiconductor devices. The model is based on three parameters: the injected current, the electron‐photon coupling in semiconductor active material, and the cavity loss rate.The model can be applied to solve the steady state photon statistics of various device configurations and also describe the transient phenomena. We show that depending on the parameters the device can operate e.g. as a light emitting diode or as a laser. We also investigate the photon correlation properties and discuss the photon bunching and anti‐bunching phenomena. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Non‐linear emission properties of ZnO microcavities
Authors: Guillet T. , Brimont C. , Valvin P. , Gil B. , Bretagnon T. , Médard F. , Mihailovic M. , Zúñiga‐Pérez J. , Leroux M. , Semond F. , Bouchoule S. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractLasing in a ZnO planar microcavity is reported under optical excitation up to room temperature. The cavity presents a quality factor of 450 and the simultaneous presence of two cavity modes with different interference orders. The transition from the strong coupling to the weak coupling regime is observed at lasing threshold. The gain mechanism below T = 240 K is attributed to excitons, according to the observation of a specific gain transition within the strong coupling regime. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)