bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Treatment of Periodontitis in Patients With von Willebrand Disease
Authors: Nickles Katrin , Wohlfeil Martin , Alesci Sonja , Miesbach Wolfgang , Eickholz Peter 
Published: July 2010

Background: Hemophilia A and B and von Willebrand disease (VWD) belong to the most frequent congenital coagulation disorders and are a significant problem in patients who require periodontal therapy or tooth extraction. These patients need specialist management because even minor invasive procedures can precipitate a prolonged bleeding episode. However, although dental care presents major challenges in these patients, only a few studies are available.Methods: In this case series, the comprehensive periodontal treatment of four patients with hemorrhagic disorders (VWD type I and mild hemophilia B) is described. There was a close collaboration between the periodontist and the hematologist: all patients were scheduled for premedication with desmopressin and other pharmaceuticals at the hematologist's office. After one session of scaling and root planing was performed in all patients, local agents such as tranexamic acid were used. In the course of periodontal therapy, access‐flap surgery was performed in one of the four patients.Results: Before treatment, the rates of probing depths (PDs) of 4 to 6 mm (20% to 57%) or ≥7 mm (2% to 20%) were high. Three months after treatment, the rates of PDs of 4 to 6 mm (5% to 42%) or ≥7 mm (0% to 2%) decreased significantly in all patients. Attachment gains were also observed. A secondary hemorrhage did not occur in any of the patients, and wound healing proceeded without any complications.Conclusion: Effective periodontal treatment can be provided to patients with hemorrhagic disorders with the combined efforts of the periodontist and hematologist.
Initiating Insulin as Part of the Treating To Target in Type 2 Diabetes (4-T) Trial
Authors: Jenkins Nicholas , Hallowell Nina , Farmer Andrew J. , Holman Rury R. , Lawton Julia 
Published: July 2010

OBJECTIVE
To explore patients' and health professionals' experiences of initiating insulin as part of the Treating To Target in Type 2 Diabetes (4-T) randomized controlled trial.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Interviews were conducted with 45 trial participants and 21 health professionals and thematically analyzed.

RESULTS
Patients were generally psychologically insulin receptive when approached to participate in the 4-T trial. Their receptiveness arose largely from their personal experiences observing intensifying prior treatments and deteriorating blood glucose control over time, which led them to engage with and accept the idea that their diabetes was progressive. Health professionals also fostered receptiveness by drawing on their clinical experience to manage patients' anxieties about initiating insulin.

CONCLUSIONS
Previous studies may have overemphasized the problem of psychological insulin resistance and overlooked factors and treatment experiences that may promote insulin receptiveness among type 2 patients.
Evaluation of orally administered robenacoxib versus ketoprofen for treatment of acute pain and inflammation associated with musculoskeletal disorders in cats
Authors: Giraudel Jerome M. , Gruet Philippe , Alexander Debbie G. , Seewald Wolfgang , King Jonathan N. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of oral administration of robenacoxib for treatment of acute pain and inflammation associated with musculoskeletal disorders in cats.
Animals—155 cats requiring relief of signs of pain and inflammation associated with acute musculoskeletal disorders.
Procedures—The study was a multicenter, prospective, randomized, masked, noninferiority field trial. Cats were allocated randomly to 1 of 3 treatment groups: group 1 (1.0 to 2.4 mg of robenacoxib/kg, q 24 h), group 2 (1.0 to 2.4 mg of robenacoxib/kg, q 12 h [daily dosage, 2.0 to 4.8 mg/kg]), and group 3 (ketoprofen [mean dosage, 1 mg/kg, q 24 h]). All cats were administered tablets PO for 5 or 6 days. The primary efficacy endpoint was the investigator global assessment score, which was the sum of scores of signs of pain, inflammation, and mobility assessed in a masked manner by veterinary investigators at baseline, day 2, and day 4 or 5. Cat owners monitored in a nonmasked manner secondary responses by observation of cats’ activity, behavior, appetite, and interactions. Safety was assessed by monitoring adverse events, clinical signs, and hematologic and plasma biochemical variables (before and after treatment).
Results—No significant differences were detected among the 3 treatment groups for any primary or secondary efficacy endpoints or for tolerability variables. Robenacoxib tablets administered once daily were significantly more palatable than ketoprofen tablets.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Robenacoxib tablets administered once daily had noninferior efficacy and tolerability, and superior palatability, compared with the active control drug, ketoprofen, for the treatment of signs of acute pain and inflammation associated with musculoskeletal disorders in cats.
Changes in the use of antimicrobials and the effects on productivity of swine farms in Denmark
Authors: Aarestrup Frank M. , Jensen Vibeke F. , Emborg Hanne-Dorthe , Jacobsen Erik , Wegener Henrik C. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate changes in antimicrobial consumption and productivity by Danish swine farms during 1992 to 2008.
Sample Population—All Danish swine farms for antimicrobial consumption data and a representative sample of Danish swine herds for productivity data.
Procedures—Antimicrobial consumption by Danish swine farms from 1992 to 2008 was determined and evaluated in light of policies to regulate antimicrobial consumption, changes in disease patterns, and productivity data. Trend analyses of productivity data were conducted before and after a ban on use of antimicrobial growth promoters (AGPs).
Results—Antimicrobial consumption peaked at 100 mg/kg of swine produced in 1992, decreased to 31 mg/kg in 1999, and increased to 49 mg/kg in 2008. Key factors for changes were regulations banning subtherapeutic use of antimicrobials and veterinary profits from the prescription and sale of antimicrobials in 1994 and termination of AGP use by January 2000. Pig production increased from 18.4 to 271 million pigs, and the mean number of pigs per sow per year raised for slaughter increased from 21 in 1992 to 25 in 2007 Average daily gain for weaning (< 35 kg) and finishing (> 35 kg) pigs was higher in 2008 than in 1992, but mortality rates for weaning and finishing pigs were similar in 1992 and 2008.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—From 1992 to 2008, antimicrobial consumption per kilogram of pig produced in Denmark decreased by > 50%. Furthermore, there was improvement in productivity, suggesting that long-term swine productivity was not negatively impacted by a ban on AGP use.
Evaluation of the role of superoxide anions in endotoxin-induced impairment of β-adrenoceptor-mediated vasodilation in equine digital veins
Authors: Mallem Mohamed Y. , Thuleau Aurélie , Noireaud Jacques , Desfontis Jean-Claude , Gogny Marc 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Objective—To investigate the role of superoxide anions in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced impairment of β-adrenoceptor-mediated equine digital vein (EDV) vasodilation.
Sample Population—EDVs isolated from forelimbs of 24 healthy adult horses.
Procedures—Endothelium-intact or endothelium-denuded EDV rings were incubated with or without LPS (10 μg/mL) of Escherichia coli (O55:B5) for 4 hours. Cumulative concentration-relaxation curves resulting from administration of isoprenaline, a nonselective β-adrenoceptor agonist, or from administration of SR 58611A, a selective β3-adrenoceptor agonist, were recorded in phenylephrine-preconstricted EDVs in the absence or the presence of superoxide dismutase (200 U/mL). Isoprenaline-induced relaxation was also evaluated with or without the cyclooxygenase inhibitors indomethacin (10μM) and NS-398 (10μM).
Results—Isoprenaline and SR 58611A induced concentration-dependent relaxation of EDV rings, which was inhibited by LPS exposure. Superoxide dismutase abolished the inhibitory effect of LPS on the isoprenaline- and SR 58611A-mediated relaxation. Pretreatment of the LPS-treated EDVs with indomethacin or NS-398 restored the isoprenaline-mediated relaxation and abolished the LPS-induced impairment to a similar extent as superoxide dismutase.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results supported a role of superoxide anions in the LPS-induced impairment of β-adrenoceptor-mediated EDV vasodilation. The LPS-induced oxidative stress in EDVs may contribute to vascular dysfunctions associated with laminitis in horses.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of dexamethasone after oral administration in apparently healthy horses
Authors: Grady Jason A. , Davis Elizabeth G. , KuKanich Butch , Sherck Amanda B. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Objective—To assess pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of dexamethasone administered PO as a solution or powder, compared with properties of dexamethasone solution administered IV, in apparently healthy horses.
Animals—6 adult horses.
Procedures—Serum cortisol concentration for each horse was determined before each treatment (baseline values). Dexamethasone (0.05 mg/kg) was administered PO (in solution or powdered form) or IV (solution) to horses from which feed had or had not been withheld (unfed and fed horses, respectively). Each horse received all 6 treatments in random order at 2-week intervals; PO and IV administrations of dexamethasone were accompanied by IV or PO sham treatments, respectively. Plasma dexamethasone and serum cortisol concentrations were assessed at predetermined intervals.
Results—Maximum plasma dexamethasone concentration after PO administration of powdered dexamethasone in unfed horses was significantly higher than the maximum plasma concentration after PO administration of dexamethasone solution in unfed or fed horses. Mean bioavailability of dexamethasone ranged from 28% to 66% but was not significantly different among horses receiving either formulation PO in the unfed or fed state. After dexamethasone treatment PO or IV, serum cortisol concentrations were significantly less than baseline at 1 to 72 hours in unfed horses and at 2 to 48 hours in fed horses.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—PO or IV administration of dexamethasone resulted in suppression of cortisol secretion in unfed and fed adult horses; the magnitude of suppression did not differ among treatment groups, and serum cortisol concentrations returned to baseline after 48 to 72 hours.
Use of a modified Vinsot technique for partial phallectomy in 11 standing horses
Authors: Arnold Carolyn E. , Brinsko Steven P. , Love Charles C. , Varner Dickson D. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Case Description—6 geldings and 5 stallions were evaluated from January 2007 through April 2009 for the following conditions requiring phallectomy: chronic paraphimosis (n = 7), squamous cell carcinoma of the penis (3), and priapism (1).
Clinical Findings—None of the 7 horses with paraphimosis was able to retract the penis. Chronicity of the paraphimosis in 6 horses ranged from 2 weeks to 2 months and was unknown in the seventh horse. Horses with paraphimosis had been medically treated without success. The horse with priapism had developed the condition secondary to acepromazine administration 2 days prior to referral and was unsuccessfully treated once by intracavernosal administration of phenylephrine and irrigation of the cavernosal tissues prior to surgery. The 3 horses with squamous cell carcinoma of the penis had had the condition for 2 years and had been treated by repeated application of a cryogen or chemotherapeutic agent to the lesions.
Treatment and Outcome—All 11 horses underwent a partial phallectomy by means of a modified Vinsot technique. Modifications to the original technique included creation of a linear urethrostomy, alteration of the location and shape of the urethrostomy, application of a latex tourniquet, concurrent castration of stallions, and use of the procedure in standing horses. The procedure was technically easy to perform, well tolerated by the horses, and cosmetically acceptable to the owners, and had minimal postoperative complications. Long-term follow-up information was obtained from owners of 10 horses a median of 454 days after surgery; 2 owners reported mild urine scalding as the only adverse effect.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The modified Vinsot technique of partial phallectomy was effective and may be useful for horses that are unsuitable candidates for general anesthesia because of medical or owner financial constraints.
Efficacy of intrauterine lignocaine plus vaginal misoprostol for pain relief in premenopausal women undergoing endometrial aspiration and ambulatory hysteroscopy
Authors: GUPTA NUPUR , GUPTA BINDIYA , DADHWAL VATSLA , MITTAL SUNEETA 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjective. To compare the effectiveness of a combination of intrauterine lignocaine and vaginal misoprostol in reducing pain at hysteroscopy and endometrial aspiration (EA). Design. Prospective randomized trial (Canadian Task Force Classification I). Setting. Tertiary care referral hospital. Population. Forty‐nine premenopausal women undergoing hysteroscopy plus EA. Methods. Patients were randomized into misoprostol plus intrauterine lignocaine group (Group I) and only misoprostol group (Group II). Main outcome measures. Pain scores at hysteroscope insertion (T (time) 1), during and after hysteroscopy (T2, T3), during EA (T4), 15 minutes after the procedure (T5) and at discharge (T6). Satisfaction and procedure acceptability was assessed by a questionnaire. Results. The mean age of patients in Group I and Group II was 35.4 ± 8.6 years and 38.9 ± 13.2 years, respectively. The mean pain scores in Group I were 23.6% lower at T2 and 27% lower at T4 when compared with Group II; the difference of latter being significant. Conclusion. A combination of intrauterine lignocaine plus vaginal misoprostol reduced the pain score in premenopausal women undergoing hysteroscopy and EA.
Pathophysiology of adult tethered cord syndrome: review of the literature
Authors: Stetler William R. , Park Paul , Sullivan Stephen 
Published: July 2010

Object
Tethering of the spinal cord has been a recognized cause of neurological symptoms in pediatric patients and is increasingly being recognized as a cause of symptoms in adults as well. The pathophysiology surrounding spinal cord tethering has begun to be understood in the pediatric population but is still unclear in adult patients.

Methods
Using a PubMed database literature search, the authors reviewed the pathology and pathophysiology surrounding the tethered spinal cord, focusing particularly on the pathophysiology of adult tethered cord syndrome (TCS).

Results
Experimental data obtained in pediatric patients at surgery and in animal models indicate that spinal cord tethering causes a reduction in spinal cord blood flow and dysfunction of neuronal mitochondrial terminal oxidase. Retrospective analyses of patients undergoing surgery for adult TCS show that many adults developed symptoms following an event that could stretch the spinal cord, while others did not. Many patients also were found to have structural lesions in addition to a tethered spinal cord at diagnosis.

Conclusions
Both adult and pediatric TCSs are likely the result of a relative lack of blood flow to the spinal cord, causing dysfunction in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. The likely reason the syndrome present later and differently in adults is that a secondary threshold of tension or a cumulative effect of repetitive, transient tension is placed on the cord before symptoms are recognized.
Biomechanics of the toddler head during low-height falls: an anthropomorphic dummy analysis
Authors: Ibrahim Nicole G. , Margulies Susan S. 
Published: July 2010

Object
Falls are the most common environmental setting for closed head injuries in children between 2 and 4 years of age. The authors previously found that toddlers had fewer skull fractures and scalp/facial soft-tissue injuries, and more frequent altered mental status than infants for the same low-height falls (≤3 ft).

Methods
To identify potential age-dependent mechanical load factors that may be responsible for these clinical findings, the authors created an instrumented dummy representing an 18-month-old child using published toddler anthropometry and mechanical properties of the skull and neck, and they measured peak angular acceleration during low-height falls (1, 2, and 3 ft) onto carpet pad and concrete. They compared these results from occiput-first impacts to previously obtained values measured in a 6-week-old infant dummy.

Results
Peak angular acceleration of the toddler dummy head was largest in the sagittal and horizontal directions and increased significantly (around 2-fold) with fall height between 1 and 2 ft. Impacts onto concrete produced larger peak angular accelerations and smaller impact durations than those onto carpet pad. When compared with previously measured infant drops, toddler head accelerations were more than double those of the infant from the same height onto the same surface, likely contributing to the higher incidence of loss of consciousness reported in toddlers. Furthermore, the toddler impact forces were larger than those in the infant, but because of the thicker toddler skull, the risk of skull fracture from low-height falls is likely lower in toddlers compared with infants.

Conclusions
If similar fracture limits and brain tissue injury thresholds between infants and toddlers are assumed, it is expected that for impact events, the toddler is likely less vulnerable to skull fracture but more vulnerable to neurological impairment compared with the infant.
Quality of life after endoscopic third ventriculostomy and cerebrospinal fluid shunting: an adjusted multivariable analysis in a large cohort
Authors: Kulkarni Abhaya V. , Shams Iffat , Cochrane D. Douglas , McNeely P. Daniel 
Published: July 2010

Object
Quality of life (QOL) studies comparing treatment with endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) and CSF shunting are very limited. The authors compared QOL outcomes following these 2 treatments in a large cohort of children with hydrocephalus by using multivariable statistical techniques to adjust for possible confounder variables.

Methods
The families of children between 5 and 18 years of age with previously treated hydrocephalus at 3 Canadian pediatric neurosurgery centers completed measures of QOL: the Hydrocephalus Outcome Questionnaire (HOQ) and the Health Utilities Index Mark 3 (HUI3). Medical records and recent brain imaging studies were reviewed. A linear regression analysis was performed with the QOL measures as the dependent variable. In multivariable analyses, the authors assessed the independent effect of initial hydrocephalus treatment (ETV vs shunting) while adjusting for the treatment center, current patient age, age at initial treatment, etiology of hydrocephalus, total number of days spent in the hospital for initial treatment, total number of days spent in the hospital for subsequent hydrocephalus complications, functioning ETV at follow-up assessment, frequency of seizures, and current ventricle size.

Results
Data from 603 patients were available for analysis. Fifty-eight patients had undergone ETV as their primary treatment and 545 had undergone CSF shunting. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy patients were slightly younger at the follow-up assessment, were older at the first surgery, and spent fewer days in the hospital for hydrocephalus complications. Without adjustment for any confounders, treatment with ETV was associated with significantly higher HOQ physical scores and HUI3 scores. After multivariable adjustment, however, there was no significant difference in any outcome measure. A functioning ETV at the time of the follow-up assessment was not significant in any model.

Conclusions
Treatment with either ETV or CSF shunting does not appear to be associated with any substantial difference in QOL outcome after adjusting for prognostic factors. Further study is needed to definitively determine the relative QOL benefit of either procedure, if any.
Establishment of a human glioblastoma stemlike brainstem rodent tumor model
Authors: Siu I-Mei , Tyler Betty M. , Chen James X. , Eberhart Charles G. , Thomale Ulrich-Wilhelm , Olivi Alessandro , Jallo George I. , Riggins Gregory J. , Gallia Gary L. 
Published: July 2010

Object
Diffuse brainstem tumors are the most difficult type of pediatric CNS malignancy to treat. These inoperable lesions are treated with radiation alone or in combination with chemotherapy, and the survival rate is less than 10%. It is therefore essential to develop a reliable animal model to screen new therapeutic agents for the treatment of this type of tumor.

Methods
A multipotent human glioblastoma stemlike neurosphere line, 060919, was established from a surgically resected glioblastoma specimen; when cells were implanted intracranially into athymic nude mice, they formed invasive, vascular tumors that exhibited the features of glioblastoma. Ten female Fischer 344 rats received an injection of 75,000 F98 rat glioma cells and 10 female athymic nude rats received an injection of 75,000 060919 human glioblastoma stemlike cells in the pontine tegmentum of the brainstem. A control group of 5 female Fischer rats received an injection of saline in the same location as the animals in the tumor groups. Kaplan-Meier curves were generated for survival, and brains were processed postmortem for histopathological investigation.

Results
Both F98 cells and 060919 cells grew in 100% of the animals injected. Median survival of animals injected with F98 was 15 days, consistent with the authors' previous reports on the establishment of the brainstem tumor model using the F98 rat glioma line. Median survival of animals injected with 060919 was 31 days. Histopathological analysis of the tumors confirmed the presence of brainstem lesions in animals that received brainstem injections of F98 and in animals that received brainstem injections of 060919. The 060919 brainstem tumors histologically resembled glioblastoma.

Conclusions
Tumor take and median survival were consistent for animals injected in the brainstem with either the established F98 rat glioma cell line or the 060919 human glioblastoma stemlike neurosphere line. Histopathological features of the 060919 brainstem tumors resembled glioblastoma. Establishment of this human glioblastoma stemlike brainstem animal model will improve the evaluation and identification of more efficacious agents for the treatment of high-grade brainstem tumors.