bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maiaspora: the hallmark of gleichenioid ferns (Gleicheniales) from the early Carboniferous
Authors: Mamontov Dmitriy A. , McLean Duncan , Gavrilova Olga A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe Palaeozoic origin of gleichenioid ferns (Gleicheniales) has aroused curiosity for almost a century. The oldest definite sign of this ancient clade is the spore wall ultrastructure of Radiitheca dobranyana from the Moscovian of central Europe. However, familial assignment of this fern fossil is uncertain. A comparison of its in situ spores with those of the dispersed genus Maiaspora, from the Visean, suggests that they may represent the same group of leptosporangiates. Although these spores have a common metareticuloid sculpture, the ultra‐thin structure of the dispersed counterparts remained unknown. Study of the ultrastructure of Maiaspora concava and M. panopta from central Russia and Northumberland (UK) using transmission electron microscopy shows that the wall of Maiaspora has a middle exospore layer composed of foliated lamellae. These spread from the base of the aperture slit to the subequatorial margins of kyrtome areas. The lamellae do not overlap the aperture slit and terminate at between two‐thirds and three‐quarters of the slit height. The miospores have a three‐layered exospore in the interradial areas, while non‐apertural parts of the exospore consist of two layers. Such an ultrastructure is shared by extant Gleicheniales and fossil R. dobranyana. The combined evidence from the morphology, ultrastructure and spatiotemporal distribution of Maiaspora, as well as radioisotope dating and additional plant macrofossils, suggests that the origin of the Gleicheniales stem was related to closure of the Rheic Ocean. Apparently, the first Maiaspora‐producing gleichenioids emerged as neoendemic terrestrial ferns on the peri‐Gondwanan volcanic arcs.
Phylogenetic relationships of Malarossia Berezovsky (Eocene, Ukraine) and trends in the size evolution of the carditids (Bivalvia, Carditidae)
Authors: Pérez Damián E. , Berezovsky Anatoly A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPhylogenetic studies of fossil bivalves are crucial for understanding evolution in both extinct and extant species, and the family Carditidae has received limited research attention in this regard. The endemic genus Malarossia comes from the Eocene deposits of Ukraine and the diversity of carditids during this time have been broadly described from North America and Western Europe, although little is known beyond these regions. The aim of this study is to explore the phylogenetic position of the genus Malarossia and discuss trends in shell size among carditids. To accomplish this, a phylogenetic analysis was conducted using 51 species and 153 morphological characters. Our findings indicate that Malarossia represents an early diverging genus within the subfamily Scalaricarditinae, supported by morphological characters related to development and number of radial ribs, placement of pallial line, and umbones, among others. A wide range in shell size can be seen among carditids, with average values ranging from 3 to 100 mm. Notably, the larger sizes were predominantly observed during the Paleocene–Eocene, in the Venericorini. The Miodomeridinae and Scalaricarditinae had the smallest shell sizes, spanning from the Eocene to the present. Paedomorphic heterochronic processes are suggested for the origin of the small size observed in the Scalaricarditinae subfamily.
Application of systems thinking and system dynamics in managing risks and stakeholders in construction projects: A systematic literature review
Authors: Ghamarimajd Zahra , Ghanbaripour Amir , Tumpa Roksana Jahan , Watanabe Tsunemi , Mbachu Jasper , Skitmore Martin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper conducts a systematic literature review on systems thinking (ST) and system dynamics (SD) applications in construction project risk and stakeholder management over the past decade. It evaluates current practices' alignment with SD, addressing project complexity and uncertainty. Seventy‐three articles are analysed following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, using descriptive, thematic and bibliometric analyses. Findings show fluctuating trends in ST and SD applications due to COVID‐19 in 2019, with notable contributions from China, Australia and the UK. Building projects are the most studied, employing mixed methodologies. Thematic analysis highlights SD's significant role in system representation and risk management, with 80% of studies utilizing SD models for various risk factors. While less common in stakeholder management, SD enhances communication and understanding of stakeholder dynamics. The study advocates for integrating SD modelling in construction management for improved decision‐making, risk mitigation and stakeholder engagement for project management practitioners, urging collaboration between academia, industry and policymakers for effective construction policies. Academics and researchers should focus on standardizing SD modelling tools, exploring hybrid methodologies like agent‐based modelling, and integrating emerging technologies like artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) to enhance real‐time decision‐making capabilities. Collaboration between academia, industry practitioners and policymakers is crucial to ensure SD research translates into effective policies and best practices, particularly in safety and environmental impact assessments.
Site Selection Story, 2002–2006: Shortlist
Authors: Schilizzi Richard T. , Ekers Ronald D. , Dewdney Peter E. , Crosby Philip 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe SKA telescope site selection process was long and complex. It went through five distinct stages: (1) separate national initiatives in China and Australia to identify potential sites (1994–2002), (2) centrally coordinated activity to identify and characterise these and two other potential sites in Southern Africa and Argentina-Brazil (2000–2005), (3) the short-listing process and decision (2004–2006), (4) further characterisation of the two short-listed sites, and politicisation of the site competition (2007–2011), and (5) the final site selection process and decision (2009–2012).This chapter describes and analyses the first three stages of site selection from the early national initiatives to the creation of a shortlist of two potential hosts, Australia and Southern Africa. Initially the International SKA Steering Committee (ISSC) aimed to select the SKA site in 2006 but after advice from the funding agencies interested in the project, the goal of outright selection changed in mid-2005 to a shortlist of acceptable sites.Chapter 8 continues the story to its culmination in 2012 when the SKA governing body decided to locate the mid-frequency dish array in Southern Africa and the low-frequency array in Australia.
Implementing Luck Egalitarianism in a Relational Way: Selecting Social Contracts Under Resource Constraints, Resolving Practical Challenges, and Ensuring Dignity
Authors: Hiromitsu Toshiaki 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThere is a disparity between luck egalitarianism and social reality, as illustrated by widening inequality. This paper argues for the implementation of luck egalitarianism to resolve this disparity, showing that its implementation should incorporate critiques from relational egalitarianism. First, by examining luck egalitarianism under resource constraints, the promising nature of the equality of resources (an equality of goods and leisure) is demonstrated. Equality of resources is a promising choice for those who want to live in a free and equal society in which the relational aspects between people are considered with full regard for human dignity. The idea of a hypothetical insurance market, separate from luck egalitarianism, should be abandoned. Furthermore, three practical challenges in social implementation—the distinction between option and brute luck, the harshness objection, and tensions with the private sphere—are discussed. To resolve these challenges, luck egalitarianism should be implemented relationally, guided by the idea of dignity and embodied in reasonable standards within social institutions.
Learning from Historical Injustice?
Authors: Pollmann Arnd 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe history of human rights and human dignity is to be told as a legal history of the collective “processing” of experiences of historical injustice. The supposed “triumph” of these two ideas has been bought at the price of monstrous violence, countless victims of war and barbaric dehumanizing. However, a methodological difficulty arises if philosophical legal theory wants to claim such a “learning process”: the original historical experiences of war, violence and degradation are hardly accessible to analysis from today's perspective. Instead, academic discourse is always dependent on historical documentation, eyewitness accounts and, above all, literary-autobiographical memories in which these forms of injustice have already been interpreted. This is exemplified by recourse to the famous memoirs of Jean Améry, which reveal a philosophically revealing experiential connection between human rights on the one hand and human dignity on the other.
A modified cosmic brane proposal for holographic Renyi entropy
Authors: Dong Xi , Kudler-Flam Jonah , Rath Pratik 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We propose a new formula for computing holographic Renyi entropies in the presence of multiple extremal surfaces. Our proposal is based on computing the wave function in the basis of fixed-area states and assuming a diagonal approximation for the Renyi entropy. For Renyi index n ≥ 1, our proposal agrees with the existing cosmic brane proposal for holographic Renyi entropy. For n < 1, however, our proposal predicts a new phase with leading order (in Newton’s constant G) corrections to the cosmic brane proposal, even far from entanglement phase transitions and when bulk quantum corrections are unimportant. Recast in terms of optimization over fixed-area states, the difference between the two proposals can be understood to come from the order of optimization: for n < 1, the cosmic brane proposal is a minimax prescription whereas our proposal is a maximin prescription. We demonstrate the presence of such leading order corrections using illustrative examples. In particular, our proposal reproduces existing results in the literature for the PSSY model and high-energy eigenstates, providing a universal explanation for previously found leading order corrections to the n < 1 Renyi entropies.
Extending EP matrices by means of recent generalized inverses
Authors: Ferreyra D. E. , Levis F. E. , Priori A. N. , Thome N. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIt is well known that a square complex matrix is called EP if it commutes with its Moore–Penrose inverse. In this paper, new classes of matrices which extend this concept are characterized. For that, we consider commutative equalities given by matrices of arbitrary index and generalized inverses recently investigated in the literature. More specifically, these classes are characterized by expressions of type $$A^mX=XA^m$$

A
m

X
=
X

A
m

, where X is an outer inverse of a given complex square matrix A and m is an arbitrary positive integer. The relationships between the different classes of matrices are also analyzed. Finally, a picture presents an overview of the overall studied classes.
Cultural assimilation and segregation in heterogeneous societies
Authors: Russo Francesco Flaviano 
Published: June 2024

AbstractI propose a model of cultural assimilation with endogenous social networks and idiosyncratic assimilation patterns that is consistent with the empirical evidence for Europe. The model implies that assimilation is weaker in pluralistic or more culturally heterogeneous societies, and stronger in socially denser societies, but it is not influenced by the minority share. Social segregation for the minority increases with social density, with the minority share, and with the initial average cultural distance between the majority and the minority.
Multi-material and thickness optimization of a wind turbine blade root section
Authors: Hermansen Sebastian M. , Lund Erik 
Published: June 2024

AbstractStructural optimization has been shown to be an invaluable tool for solving large-scale challenging design problems, and this work concerns such optimization of a state-of-the-art laminated composite wind turbine blade root section. For laminated composites structures, the key design parameters are material choice, fiber orientation, stacking sequence, and layer thickness, however a framework for treating these simultaneously in optimization, on the current wind turbine blade scale, has not been demonstrated. Thus, the motivation and novelty of the present work is providing and demonstrating a general gradient-based approach applicable to wind turbine blades, where the key design parameters and structural criteria, i.e., buckling, static strength, and fatigue damage, are considered for multiple design load cases. The optimization framework is based on a variation of the Discrete Material and Thickness Optimization approach, where the thickness is directly parametrized, allowing for appropriately treating the sandwich parts of the blade. It is demonstrated how optimization leads to a design consisting of complex variable-thickness laminates, a good overall distribution of the structural criteria in the model, and a significant reduction in mass compared to the initial design.
Gender segregation: analysis across sectoral dominance in the UK labour market
Authors: Leoncini Riccardo , Macaluso Mariele , Polselli Annalivia 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper aims to evaluate how changing patterns of sectoral gender segregation play a role in accounting for women’s employment contracts and wages in the UK between 2005 and 2020. We then study wage differentials in gender-specific dominated sectors. We found that the propensity of women to be distributed differently across sectors is a major factor contributing to explaining the differences in wages and contract opportunities. Hence, the disproportion of women in female-dominated sectors implies contractual features and lower wages typical of that sector, on average, for all workers. This difference is primarily explained by “persistent discriminatory constraints”, while human capital-related characteristics play a minor role. However, wage differentials would shrink if workers had the same potential and residual wages as men in male-dominated sectors. Moreover, this does not happen at the top of the wage distribution, where wage differentials among women working in female-dominated sectors are always more pronounced than those among men.
Local Langlands correspondences in $$\ell $$-adic coefficients
Authors: Imai Naoki 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLet $$\ell $$
ℓ
be a prime number different from the residue characteristic of a non-archimedean local field F. We give formulations of $$\ell $$
ℓ
-adic local Langlands correspondences for connected reductive algebraic groups over F, which we conjecture to be independent of a choice of an isomorphism between the $$\ell $$
ℓ
-adic coefficient field and the complex number field.
Are brood sex ratios adaptive? – The effect of experimentally altered brood sex ratios on parental feeding behaviour
Authors: Gyarmathy Helga , Kopena Renáta , Sarkadi Fanni , Szöllősi Eszter , Szász Eszter , Török János , Rosivall Balázs 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Correlations between brood sex ratios (BSRs) and parental or environmental quality have been found in many species. This phenomenon is called sex ratio adjustment, and is expected to evolve if certain factors affect the fitness return from the offspring in a sex-dependent way. However, it is seldom studied whether biased sex ratios are indeed adaptive. We manipulated BSRs in a cross-fostering experiment, and investigated parental costs in terms of feeding rate and survival in the collared flycatcher (Ficedula albicollis). In our population, male nestlings can grow faster under good conditions, but are more sensitive to adverse conditions. Assuming that the sensitivity of the males results from their larger energy requirement, we predicted increased costs in broods with male-biased experimental BSR. Assuming that BSR adjustment is adaptive and related to parental care giving capacity, we expected higher feeding and survival rate by parents that originally had more sons, and predicted that low quality parents are less able to adjust their feeding rates to the needs of their foster broods or pay higher survival cost. However, we found that the manipulated BSR and its interaction with original BSR affected neither the feeding rate nor the survival of the parents. Only male feeding rate was correlated with original BSR, however, contrary to our prediction: males with female-biased original BSR fed their foster chicks more frequently. Our results, with those of a previous report about the effects of the experiment on nestlings, do not support that the observed BSRs are adaptive in our population.

Significance statement
Many hypotheses propose that higher vertebrates adaptively adjust the primary sex ratio of their offspring to individual or environmental quality. While the potential adaptive value of the observed patterns is regularly discussed, studies that specifically test the adaptivity of sex ratio adjustment are very scarce and correlative. Using a special cross-fostering experiment, we investigated whether original brood sex ratios are related to the rearing capacity of the parents, and experimental sex ratios are related to the rearing costs in terms of feeding effort or survival. We found no effect of experimentally altered brood sex ratios on either parental feeding effort or survival. Furthermore, contrary to the adaptive scenario, males that had female-biased broods originally had higher feeding rates. So far, we have found no evidence that the sex ratio adjustment is adaptive in the collared flycatcher.
Longitudinal investigation of undergraduates’ radiation anxiety, interest, and career intention in interventional radiology
Authors: Cao Yanyan , Yu Li , Xiong Fu , Wang Jing , Kan Xuefeng , Zheng Chuansheng 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the effect of the school curriculum and on-site observation of interventional radiology (IR) operations in clinics on undergraduates’ radiation anxiety, interest, and career intention.

Methods
Between the academic years 2021 and 2023, all of the fourth-year undergraduates were surveyed by questionnaires, which covered their pre-curriculum, post-curriculum in-school, and post-on-site view of IR surgeries in clinic. The survey included categories of gender, fear of X-ray and IR operation, interest in IR surgery, and career-pursuing intention.

Results
A total of 333 (91.0%) respondents (111 students for three times) were included in analyses. The fear of X-ray and radiation exposure during IR procedures was reduced after taking school courses (p < 0.001), and it was further decreased after on-site viewing (p < 0.001). The association values among the three groups were 33.8% and 41.9%, respectively. The interest in IR was improved both after applying for the curriculum and after clinical exposure to IR surgery (p < 0.001). In addition, 4 (3.6%) and 12 (10.8%) students showed a sense of achievement after taking courses and on-site viewing, respectively. The association value was 49.4%. Regarding career intention, it was both significantly increased after taking courses and on-site observation (p < 0.001). Besides, 8 (7.2%), 17 (15.3%), and 36 (32.4%) students in the three groups considered IR as the preferred career choice, respectively.

Conclusions
Applying for IR curriculum could reduce undergraduates’ radiation anxiety, and activate their professional interest and career pursuing intention. Clinical exposure to IR surgeries further boosted this effect.

Clinical relevance statement
Educational interventions of curriculum and on-site view of IR surgery improve the undergraduates’ interest in IR and stimulate their career intention, which is crucial for the advancement of IR.

Key Points

Increasing interest in interventional radiology (IR) as a career is urgent, given rising demand of services.

Education and on-site viewing of IR surgery reduced radiation anxiety and increased interest in IR.

Early exposure to IR is effective at encouraging undergraduates to consider IR as their career.
Perspectives on vulnerability from the narratives of older migrants
Authors: Kainradl Anna-Christina 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Older migrants are considered a vulnerable population group in many ways. Marginalization and social exclusion lead to unequal opportunities for social participation.

Aim
In order to break down barriers for older migrants, the perspectives of people with migration biographies should be given greater consideration.

Material and methods
To this end, the results of an explorative intersectional ethical analysis of care narratives of older migrants are discussed in the light of aging studies research. The focus is on the ethical analysis of five guided interviews with older migrants between 65 and 80 years old, who have migrated from different countries in southeastern Europe.

Results and discussion
In contrast to the prevalent expert perspective, the narratives of the older migrants interviewed revealed not only resistance to vulnerabilization but also multiple negotiations of autonomy and dependency. By making ambivalent narrative and action strategies visible and linking them to narratives of intergenerational care relationships, the significance of care-ethical interpretations of vulnerability and characterization of vulnerability as “a universal, inevitable, and anthropological feature of humanity resulting from the embodied, finite, and socially contingent structure of human existence” [4] can be demonstrated.
Potential of cannabidiol as acne and acne scar treatment: novel insights into molecular pathways of pathophysiological factors
Authors: Lee Jun Hyo , Yoon Ji Young , Kim Dong Hyo , Kwon Yoon Gyung , Kim Geun-Hyeong , Park Byoung Jun , Suh Dae Hun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCannabidiol (CBD), which is derived from hemp, is gaining recognition because of its anti-inflammatory and lipid-modulating properties that could be utilized to treat acne. We conducted experiments to quantitatively assess the effects of CBD on acne-related cellular pathways. SEB-1 sebocytes and HaCaT keratinocytes were exposed to various CBD concentrations. CBD exhibited a concentration-dependent impact on cell viability and notably reduced SEB-1 viability; furthermore, it induced apoptosis and a significant increase in the apoptotic area at higher concentrations. Additionally, CBD remarkably reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines, including CXCL8, IL-1α, and IL-1β. Additionally, it inhibited lipid synthesis by modulating the AMPK-SREBP-1 pathway and effectively reduced hyperkeratinization-related protein keratin 16. Simultaneously, CBD stimulated the synthesis of elastin, collagen 1, and collagen 3. These findings emphasize the potential of CBD for the management of acne because of its anti-inflammatory, apoptotic, and lipid-inhibitory effects. Notably, the modulation of the Akt/AMPK-SREBP-1 pathway revealed a novel and promising mechanism that could address the pathogenesis of acne.