bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testosterone induces activation of porcine primordial follicles in vitro
Authors: Magamage Manjula P. S. , Zengyo Mai , Moniruzzaman Mohammad , Miyano Takashi 
Published: October 2010

AbstractPurposeThe mechanism underlying primordial follicle activation is poorly understood. In this study, in‐vitro culture and subsequent xenotransplantation were conducted to determine whether testosterone promotes the activation of porcine primordial follicles.MethodsPrepubertal porcine ovarian cortical strips containing primordial follicles were cultured in the presence of testosterone for 7 days, and subsequently transplanted to immunodeficient mice for 2 months. After culture and transplantation, development of follicles was examined histologically. The presence of androgen receptors in oocytes was assessed by use of western blot and immunohistochemical analyses.ResultsTestosterone at 10−6 M induced the primordial follicle transition to the intermediate (19 ± 4%) and primary (3 ± 1%) stages after 7‐day culture, while 56 ± 5% of primordial follicles remained in the initial pool. Higher concentrations, above 10−5 M, or lower concentrations, below 10−6 M, did not induce follicle transition to the primary stage. After 7‐day culture with 10−6 M testosterone, ovarian cortical strips were transplanted to immunodeficient mice. Some of the follicles developed to the secondary (15 ± 3%) and antral (10 ± 3%) stages, whereas 44 ± 7% of primordial follicles remained in the initial pool. In the culture experiment, estradiol‐17β (10−7–10−5 M) had no significant effect on follicle activation. The androgen receptor antagonist, cyproterone acetate, inhibited the stimulatory effect of testosterone on primordial follicle activation, suggesting an androgen receptor‐mediated action of testosterone. Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses revealed that androgen receptors were present in the oocytes of primordial follicles.ConclusionsThese results suggest that testosterone at 10−6 M promotes the activation of porcine primordial follicles in vitro through the androgen receptors in the oocytes.
Driving functions in a video simulator in chronic non‐malignant pain patients using and not using codeine
Authors: Nilsenl Halvard K. , Landrøl Nils I. , Kaasal Stein , Jenssenl Gunnar D. , Fayersl Peter , Borchgrevinkl Petter C. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackground and aims: A considerable number of Europeans suffer from chronic pain and are using opioids, particularly of the weak type. It is a clinical impression that many of these are driving or wish to drive a car. The aims of this study were to investigate if codeine influences driving ability in a simulator, and to examine if chronic pain per se might impair such functions.Methods: Twenty patients with chronic pain on long‐term codeine therapy were compared to 20 chronic pain patients not using codeine in a video driving simulator test. The chronic pain patients were then compared to 20 healthy controls. The primary outcome measures were reaction time and number of missed reactions.Results: The patients using codeine 120–270 mg (mean 180 mg) daily showed the same driving skills as patients not using codeine, and the codeine level did not affect the results. This was the case both 1 h after intake of a single dose of 60 mg codeine and five or more hours after the last codeine intake. The reaction times were significantly slower for the chronic pain patients, in both rural and urban driving conditions, compared to the healthy controls (difference 0.11 s. and 0.12 s., respectively). The chronic pain patients missed almost twice as many reactions to traffic signs. There were no difference between the groups in steering precision.Conclusion: The main finding in this simulator study was that codeine does not impair driving‐related abilities over and above what is associated with chronic pain per se.
Efficacy of intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine on placental parasitemia in pregnant women in midwestern Nigeria
Authors: Aziken Michael E. , Akubuo Kenneth K. , Gharoro Etedafe P. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effect of intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine (IPT‐SP) on placental parasitemia and maternal and perinatal outcome.MethodsWe compared placental malaria parasitemia during pregnancy and pregnancy outcome in 2 groups of women receiving antenatal care at University of Benin Teaching Hospital. One group was prophylactically treated with IPT‐SP and the other was not treated.ResultsThe parasitemia rates for peripheral, placental, and cord blood were 11.9%, 11.4%, and 2.7% in the IPT‐SP group (n = 370) and 19.1%, 22.6%, and 6.2% in the control group (n = 371) (P = 0.006, P = 0.002, and P = 0.02, respectively). The treatment reduced the odds of placental parasitemia by 37% (OR 0.63; 95% CI, 0.48–0.81). Peripheral (P = 0.002) and placental (P = 0.001) parasitemia were significantly reduced in the subgroup of women who took 2 or 3 doses of SP. Fewer women (16.2%) in the IPT‐SP group than the control group (23.7%) had symptomatic malaria. Anemia at delivery was significantly lower in the IPT‐SP group (10.8 vs 1.6%). The risks of abortion, preterm delivery, and low birth weight were also significantly lower in the IPT‐SP group.ConclusionIPT‐SP is effective in preventing placental parasitemia, and reduces rates of malaria, maternal anemia, abortion, preterm delivery and low birth weight among pregnant women.
Uterine artery sparing robotic radical trachelectomy (AS‐RRT) for early cancer of the cervix
Authors: Al‐Niaimi Ahmed N. , Einstein Margaret H. , Perry LaToya , Hartenbach Ellen M. , Kushner David M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the surgical technique of uterine artery sparing robotic assisted radical trachelectomy (AS‐RRT) for early stage cervical cancer.MethodsWe used our experience with AS‐RRT performed at the University of Wisconsin‐Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, USA, to present a detailed description of the surgical technique.ResultsThe report details, step‐by‐step, our innovative surgical technique, supported by photos and illustrations. We also discuss potential difficulties with the surgical technique and offer solutions.ConclusionTechnically, the surgery is feasible and could be performed by any gynecologic oncologist who is skilled in radical pelvic surgery and the robotic system. The long‐term obstetric and oncologic outcome of this technique would be expected to match the outcome of the other radical trachelectomy techniques in the published literature, but is yet to be fully elucidated.
Millennial-scale dynamics of the winter cold tongue in the southern South China Sea over the past 26 ka and the East Asian winter monsoon
Authors: Huang Enqing , Tian Jun , Steinke Stephan 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMillennial-scale variations of the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) remain elusive due to sparse and controversial reconstructions. By compiling a variety of alkenone-based sea surface temperature (SST) estimates, we find that the west–east SST gradient in the southern South China Sea (SCS) well documents the temporal dynamics of the winter “cold tongue” off the southern Vietnam and by inference, variations in the EAWM intensity over the past 26 ka. Our results reveal that the winter “cold tongue” SSTs were significantly colder during Heinrich event 1 and the Younger Dryas event, resulting in an increased west–east SST gradient in the southern SCS due to a strengthened EAWM. Within dating uncertainties, an intensified EAWM during cold stadials was coeval with the shutdown or a reduction in strength of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC), exhibiting a strong linkage between the AMOC and the EAWM system. The west–east SST gradient also indicates an enhanced EAWM during the early Holocene, which may be induced by postglacial ice-sheet dynamics and a strong seasonal contrast in solar insolation. Our findings suggest that the EAWM was probably modulated by a complex interplay between the AMOC, solar insolation and ice-sheet dynamics on sub-orbital time scales.
Hunting of jaguars and pumas in the Tapajós–Arapiuns Extractive Reserve, Brazilian Amazonia
Authors: Carvalho Elildo A.R. , Pezzuti Juarez C.B. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe surveyed the Tapajós–Arapiuns Extractive Reserve in Brazilian Amazonia to investigate hunting of jaguars Panthera onca and pumas Puma concolor. We interviewed 115 people in 45 villages in 2007–2008, and recorded numbers of jaguars and pumas killed and the circumstances associated with each killing. At least 32 jaguars and 22 pumas were killed in the Reserve, most within the last 10 years. However, these are underestimates because people probably did not mention all kills during interviews. The first-order jackknife suggests that the actual mortality for the two species is almost double that reported. Using data from 2006–2007 as a reference we estimated a minimum mortality of 12 jaguars and seven pumas per year in the Reserve. Most animals were killed during chance encounters, a large number of these elicited by domestic dogs. Hunting motivated by livestock predation or perceived risks to human life were rare. Hunters kill large carnivores on sight and thus one alternative to reduce hunting is to take measures that will decrease encounter rates, such as forbidding hunting with dogs. Education and extension programmes are needed to ensure the long-term coexistence of humans and large carnivores in this Reserve.
The status of the Endangered Persian leopardPanthera pardus saxicolorin Bamu National Park, Iran
Authors: Ghoddousi Arash , Kh. Hamidi Amirhossein , Ghadirian Taher , Ashayeri Delaram , Khorozyan Igor 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe describe the use of camera-trapping with capture-recapture, occupancy and visitation rate modelling to study the size, demographic structure and distribution of the Persian leopardPanthera pardus saxicolorin Bamu National Park, southern Iran. A total sampling effort of 1,012 trap-nights yielded photo-captures of four adults, two subadult individuals and a cub over 21 sampling occasions. The leopard population size estimated by the M(h) model and jackknife estimator was 6.00 ± SE 0.24 individuals. This gives a density of 1.87 ± SE 0.07 leopards per 100 km2. Detection probability was constant and low and, as a result, estimated occupancy rate was significantly higher than that predicted from photographic capture sites alone. Occupancy was 56% of the protected area and visitation rates were 0.01–0.05 visits per day. The most imminent threats to leopards in Bamu are poaching and habitat fragmentation.
A conservation assessment of Douepea arabica (Brassicaceae): a Critically Endangered plant species from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Hall Matthew , Miller A.G. , Llewellyn Othman , Abbasi Tarik M. , Al-Harbi Rabah J. , Al-Wetaid Abdullah H. , Al-Shammari Khalaf F. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDouepea arabica (Hedge & Kit Tan) O. Appel & Al-Shehbaz is a rare and threatened endemic plant species of Saudi Arabia. We present the first field studies of D. arabica in over 2 decades and update the sparse historical data on this important plant species. Surveys of the type locality Wadi Qaraqir and surrounding areas indicate that numbers of D. arabica are low. Although regeneration is occurring in the type locality and a newly recorded locality in the neighbouring Wadi Ghamrah, the extent of occurrence and area of occupancy of D. arabica are restricted. This species appears to be strongly associated with available water sources and the dominant Nerium shrubland in the wadi channels. These are both threatened by increasing agricultural activities and road building in the area. We propose that D. arabica should be categorized as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List. We recommend conservation measures for this species, as well as the further research required to implement a conservation action plan.
A simple method for assessing preliminary conservation status of plants at a national level: a case study using the ferns of El Salvador
Authors: Knapp Sandra , Salomón Jorge Monterrosa 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAssessments of conservation status are usually carried out on a global scale but national priorities often necessitate a more focused approach. Using a typology of rarity first articulated in the early 1980s by Deborah Rabinowitz, coupled with presence/absence from protected areas, preliminary conservation status at the national level was assessed for 397 species of ferns and fern allies from El Salvador in Central America. Of these, 43 lacked sufficient data, 175 were considered not of conservation concern, 106 were considered to be at risk and 73 to be threatened. The majority of the threatened species were from cloud or montane forest habitats but aquatics and species restricted to pine–oak forests are also rare and occur outside protected areas. The utility of this simple methodology is discussed and the importance of field studies by local experts with local knowledge emphasized.
Combining radio-telemetry and random observations to model the habitat of Near Threatened Caucasian grouseTetrao mlokosiewiczi
Authors: Gavashelishvili Alexander , Javakhishvili Zura 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe distribution of the Near Threatened Caucasian grouseTetrao mlokosiewiczi,endemic to the Caucasus, was examined to model the species’ nesting habitat, and thus facilitate its conservation and the identification of Key Biodiversity Areas in the Caucasus. The species’ occurrence was defined by field surveys and radio-telemetry. Data were managed and analysed using a geographical information system and various modelling techniques. Grouse locations were divided into training and testing datasets. Habitat variables measured at training locations were used to develop models, and testing locations were used to validate the models. The final best-fit model suggested that Caucasian grouse prefer open habitat, and the most important independent variables accounting for the species' distribution were annual mean temperature, mean temperature of warmest quarter, precipitation seasonality and proximity to deciduous broad-leaf forest. The incorporation of human disturbance and ruggedness into the final model significantly increased its predictive power. This model provides a tool to improve search effectiveness for Caucasian grouse in the Caucasus and for the conservation and management of the species. The model can predict the probable distribution of Caucasian grouse and the corridors between known populations. Threatened and endemic species are often used as species for setting site-based conservation priorities, and this habitat model could help to identify new Key Biodiversity Areas for protection in the Caucasus. The Ministry of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources of Georgia is going to use the results of this study to reshape existing protected areas and identify new ones.
A degenerate singularity generating geometric Lorenz attractors
Authors: Dumortier Freddy , Kokubu Hiroshi , Oka Hiroe 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA degenerate vector field singularity in R3can generate a geometric Lorenz attractor in an arbitrarily small unfolding of it. This enables us to detect Lorenz-like chaos in some families of vector fields, merely by performing normal form calculations of order 3.
Zero-dimensional covers of finite dimensional dynamical systems
Authors: Kulesza John 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIf (X, f) is a compact metric, finite-dimensional dynamical system with a zero-dimensional set of periodic points, then there is a zero-dimensional compact metric dynamical system (C, g) and a finite-to-one (in fact, at most (n + l)n-to-one) surjection h: C → X such that h o g = f o h. An example shows that the requirement on the set of periodic points is necessary.
C*-dynamical systems for which the tensor product formula for entropy fails
Authors: Narnhofer Heide , Thirring Walter , Størmer Erling 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIt is shown that for a class of simple AF-algebras generated by a sequence of self-adjoint unitaries (sn) the entropy of the shift α(sn) = sn+1 with respect to the unique invariant trace υ satisfies hϕøϕ (α⊗α) = log2, while hφ(α) = 0.
Limit theorems in averaging for dynamical systems
Authors: Kifer Yuri 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis paper yields diffusion and moderate deviation type asymptotics for solutions of differential equations of the form dZε(t)/dt = εB(Zε(t), fty) where ft is a suspension flow (in particular, a hyperbolic flow) over a sufficiently fast mixing transformation. Such problems emerge in the study of perturbed Hamiltonian systems. These exhibit a new class of limit theorems for dynamical systems and extend a number of previously known results.
Diffeomorphisms of thek-torus with wandering domains
Authors: McSwiggen Patrick D. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIt is shown that diffeomorphisms analogous to a classical example on the circle due to Denjoy can be constructed on the generalk-torus. Such a diffeomorphism has the property that it is semiconjugate to an ergodic translation but has a wandering domain with dense orbit. The construction on thek-torus can be madeCr, and by aCrsmall perturbation of a translation, for anyr<k+ 1.
Epimorphic subgroups and invariant measures
Authors: Mozes Shahar 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIt is shown that a probability measure on a homogeneous space Γ\G which is invariant under a subgroup H < G which is epimorphic in a subgroup L < G is invariant under L. When L = G we obtain a subgroup H such that for any lattice Γ < G its action on Γ\G is uniquely ergodic.
Invariant circles in the Bogdanov-Takens bifurcation for diffeomorphisms
Authors: Broer Henk , Roussarie Robert , Simó Carles 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe study a generic, real analytic unfolding of a planar diffeomorphism having a fixed point with unipotent linear part. In the analogue for vector fields an open parameter domain is known to exist, with a unique limit cycle. This domain is bounded by curves corresponding to a Hopf bifurcation and to a homoclinic connection. In the present case of analytic diffeomorphisms, a similar domain is shown to exist, with a normally hyperbolic invariant circle. It follows that all the ‘interesting’ dynamics, concerning the destruction of the invariant circle and the transition to trivial dynamics by the creation and death of homoclinic points, takes place in an exponentially small part of the parameter-plane. Partial results were stated in [5]. Related numerical results appeared in [16].
The topology of attractors
Authors: Kennedy Judy A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe prove for a large class of compact metric spaces, including those manifolds of dimension at least two, Hilbert cube manifolds, and homogeneous Menger manifolds, that ‘most’ self-homeomorphisms (in the sense of residual set of homeomorphisms) have certain properties. Specifically, if F: X → X is one of these homeomorphisms, then F admits• a dense, open wandering set;• a nowhere dense chain recurrent set;• an infinite collection of attractors (and repellers), each of which has nonempty interior and cannot be reduced to a ‘smallest’ attractor (or ‘largest’ repeller); and an uncountable collection of pairwise disjoint quasi-attractors.We also discuss the topology of the boundaries of attractors.
A non-additive thermodynamic formalism and applications to dimension theory of hyperbolic dynamical systems
Authors: Barreira Luis M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA non-additive version of the thermodynamic formalism is developed. This allows us to obtain lower and upper bounds for the dimension of a broad class of Cantor-like sets. These are constructed with a decreasing sequence of closed sets that may satisfy no asymptotic behavior. Moreover, they can be coded by arbitrary symbolic dynamics, and the geometry of the construction may depend on all the symbolic past. Applications include estimates of dimension for hyperbolic sets of maps that need not be differentiable.
Pseudocircles, diffeomorphisms and perturbable dynamical systems
Authors: Kennedy Judy A. , Yorke James A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe construct an example of a C∞ diffeomorphism on a 7-manifold which has an invariant set with an uncountable number of pseudocircle components. Furthermore, any diffeomorphism which is sufficiently close (in the C1 metric) to the constructed map has a similar invariant set. We also discuss the topological nature of the invariant set.
Strange attractor in the unfolding of an inclination-flip homoclinic orbit
Authors: Naudot Vincent 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe study the unfolding of a smooth vector-fieldXon ℝ3having a homoclinic orbit to a hyperbolic equilibrium point with three real eigenvalues satisfying − λss< λs< 0 < λuWe say that Γ is an inclination-flip homoclinic orbit if the extended unstable manifold at the equilibrium point is, along Γ, non-transverse to the stable manifold and that Γ is of weak type if the unstable manifold has a non-trivial intersection with a specialC2weak stable manifold of dimension one. In this paper, we show the existence of a strange attractor in the unfolding of an inclination-flip homoclinic orbit (of weak type) in the case where the divergence at the equilibrium point is negative. The crucial idea is to compare the Poincaré return map with the Hénon family:being close to 0.
Mixing for stationary processes with finite-order multiple Wiener-Itô integral representation
Authors: Slud Eric , Chambers Daniel 
Published: October 2010

abstractNecessary and sufficient analytical conditions are given for homogeneous multiple Wiener-Itô integral processes (MWIs) to be mixing, and sufficient conditions are given for mixing of general square-integrable Gaussian-subordinated processes. It is shown that every finite or infinite sum Y of MWIs (i.e. every real square-integrable stationary polynomial form in the variables of an underlying weakly mixing Gaussian process) is mixing if the process defined separately by each homogeneous-order term is mixing, and that this condition is necessary for a large class of Gaussian-subordinated processes. Moreover, for homogeneous MWIs Y1, for sums of MWIs of order ≤ 3, and for a large class of square-integrable infinite sums Y1, of MWIs, mixing holds if and only if Y2 has correlation-function decaying to zero for large lags. Several examples of the criteria for mixing are given, including a second-order homogeneous MWI, i.e. a degree two polynomial form, orthogonal to all linear forms, which has auto-correlations tending to zero for large lags but is not mixing.
Relativistic and ponderomotive effects on evolution of dark hollow Gaussian electromagnetic beams in a plasma
Authors: Gill T.S. , Mahajan R. , Kaur R. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractNonlinear parabolic partial differential equation governing the evolution of complex envelope in slowly varying envelope approximation is solved using variational approach. The basic nonlinear phenomena of relativistic and ponderomotive self-focusing in a plasma are taken into account. Self-focusing, self-phase modulation as well as self-trapping of dark hollow Gaussian beam is studied for higher orders of hollow Gaussian beam (n).