bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the influence of instagram use on materialism and situational intrinsic learning motivation: An online experimental study
Authors: Otto Thorsten , Thies Barbara 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn recent years, social media such as YouTube, TikTok, and Instagram have become an essential part of the everyday lives of children and young adults. Integrating elements of these social media into higher education may have the potential to enhance situational intrinsic learning motivation through the emotional design and proximity to students' lives, but this also poses the risk of fostering a situational materialistic focus due to the ubiquitous materialistic content on especially Instagram, undermining situational intrinsic learning motivation. In the present study, we examined if the primary use of Instagram is associated with higher materialism and how exposure to Instagram-framed pictures influences situational intrinsic learning motivation. The current study conducted an online experiment. Participants (N = 148) were randomly assigned to one of three groups after they rated items about general and problematic social media use and materialism. In the first two groups, participants were asked to rate the pleasantness of luxury or nature Instagram-framed pictures. A third group received no pictures. Afterwards, the situational intrinsic learning motivation was assessed through a mock working task. The findings prove that people who (primarily) use Instagram tend to be more materialistic than people who (primarily) use another social medium and that exposure to Instagram-framed pictures neither positively nor negatively influenced situational intrinsic learning motivation but moderated the relationship between problematic social media use and situational intrinsic learning motivation. Limitations, implications, and future directions for social media use inhigher education are discussed.
Exploring effects of climate-smart agriculture innovations on women smallholders’ livelihoods in Ethiopia
Authors: Tsige Meseret , Synnevåg Gry , Aune Jens B. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractStudies do not often provide evidence as to how innovations improve women smallholders’ livelihoods in male-headed households by analyzing women farmers in their own rights which is vital to develop and implement future gender responsive and transformative agricultural innovations. This study investigates if Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) – specifically conservation agriculture (CA) and small-scale irrigation schemes (SSIS) – improve women smallholders’ livelihoods. A concurrent mixed method was applied, and data was collected using survey, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs). Descriptive and t- statistics were used to analyze quantitative data and thematic and narrative analysis methods to analyze qualitative data. Findings demonstrate that gender norms and intersectional identities and experiences of women together with the absence of gender equity and equality based structural works limit improvement in women’s livelihoods. While the use of CA did not change both men and women farmers livelihoods, SSIS improved men users’ financial and physical capitals. Hence, future CSA innovations should first identify the root causes of contextual gender inequalities and CSA innovations should be implemented based on women smallholders needs, experiences and realities. Building women smallholders’ livelihood capitals through off-farm income-generating activities and broadening the operational scale of CSA innovations for addressing strategic gender needs are desired. Explicitly, there is a need to move to a gender transformative approach (GTA) when implementing CSA innovations as GTA challenges and transforms gender norms and intersectional problems including unequal gendered access to livelihood capitals and decision-making power, unequal gender role distributions and gendered representations and implementation processes in economic policies.
Detecting spatial and spatio-temporal clusters of rape in India, 2011–2020
Authors: Mathews Maria , V. S. Binu , Guddattu Vasudeva 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe study aims to identify the spatial and spatio-temporal patterns of rape in India from 2011 to 2020 using crime data aggregated at the district level. The study also tries to understand persistent patterns in the spatial variation of rape incidence across the country during the study period. The annual rape data from 2011 to 2020 were extracted from the National Crime Records Bureau. Retrospective spatial and temporal cluster analyses were performed using the purely spatial (Kulldorff’s and Mann–Whitney scan statistic) and space–time scan statistic (Kulldorff’s based on the discrete Poisson model). Cluster frequency analysis was performed. Results showed the spatial heterogeneity in the pattern of rape crime across the country as well as its localization among geographically contiguous regions across time and space. The detected primary spatial clusters (P < 0.05) persisted mainly in the Central, North, and North Eastern zones of the country over the ten year study period. The primary spatio-temporal cluster (LLR = 5560.09, P < 0.001) appeared between the time frame 2014 to 2016 and was concentrated mainly in the Northern zone. Thirty-seven districts of India (5.78%) contributed to spatial clusters in all years of the study period. The heterogeneous distribution of rape across India could be due to the spatio-temporal variations in the determinants of rape (such as socioeconomic status, demographics, urbanisation, and gender equality) across the country. Identification of the localized rape clusters could result in understanding the contextual factors of rape and, thereby be beneficial to national and regional rape control strategies.
Optical $$n(p,\ T_{90})$$ Measurement Suite 2: H$$_2$$O and D$$_2$$O
Authors: Egan Patrick F. , Yang Yuanchao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA suite of measurements of refractive index $$n(p,\ T_{90})$$

n
(
p
,

T
90

)

is reported for gas phase ordinary water H$$_2$$

2

O and heavy water D$$_2$$

2

O. The methodology is optical refractive index gas metrology, operating at laser wavelength $$633\ \text {nm}$$

633

nm

and covering the range $$(293< T_{90} < 433)\ \text {K}$$

(
293
<

T
90

<
433
)

K

and $$p < 2\ \text {kPa}$$

p
<
2

kPa

. A key output of the work is the determination of molar polarizabilities $$A_{\text {R}} = 3.7466(18) \cdot [1 + 1.5(6) \times 10^{-6} (T/\text {K} - 303) ]\ \text{cm}^3 \cdot \text{mol}^{-1}$$

A
R

=
3.7466

(
18
)

·

[
1
+
1.5

(
6
)

×

10

-
6

(
T
/
K
-
303
)

]

cm
3

·

mol

-
1

for ordinary water, and $$A_{\text {R}} = 3.7135(18) \cdot [1 + 4.4(10) \times 10^{-6} (T/\text {K} - 303) ]\ \text{cm}^3 \cdot \text{mol}^{-1}$$

A
R

=
3.7135

(
18
)

·

[
1
+
4.4

(
10
)

×

10

-
6

(
T
/
K
-
303
)

]

cm
3

·

mol

-
1

for heavy water, with the numbers in parentheses expressing standard uncertainty. For heavy water, this work appears to be only the second gas phase measurement to date. For both ordinary and heavy water, this work agrees within $$0.15\ \%$$

0.15

%

with recent ab initio theoretical results for $$A_{\text {R}}$$

A
R

, but the comparison is affected by imperfect knowledge of dispersion. For ordinary water, the close agreement between the present work and theory suggests problems at the $$2\ \%$$

2

%

level in the low density limit of the reference formulation for refractivity.
Optimal fiscal policy under finite planning horizons
Authors: Jung Euiyoung , Lee Chul-In 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe propose a novel framework that revisits the seminal Chamley-Judd zero capital taxation result in light of bounded rationality stemming from a finite policy planning horizon and structural frictions in fiscal institutions. We show a mechanism that generates positive optimal capital taxation in the long run. Our numerical results indicate that the current tax system in the United States could be near-optimal in a constrained environment where policymakers exhibit limited policy planning horizons and imperfect altruism toward household welfare under subsequent governments.
Effects of School-Based Neurofeedback Training on Attention in Students with Autism and Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Gacek Michał , Smoleń Tomasz , Krzywoszański Łukasz , Bartecka-Śmietana Agnieszka , Kulasek-Filip Beata , Piotrowska Maja , Sepielak Dominika , Supernak Katarzyna 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this study we aimed to assess the influence of school-based neurofeedback training on the attention of students with autism and intellectual disabilities. We assessed 24 students of a special education center who attended neurofeedback training sessions during the schoolyear; we also assessed 25 controls from the same center. We used two computer tasks to assess sustained attention in simple and cognitively demanding test situations, and we used a pen-and-paper task to assess selective attention. Each student who took part in the study was tested at the beginning and at the end of the schoolyear. Students from the experimental group significantly improved their performance in the task related to sustained attention to simple stimuli. No performance improvement related to neurofeedback treatment was observed in either sustained attention in cognitively demanding situations or selective attention. School-based neurofeedback training may improve sustained attention to simple stimuli in students with developmental disabilities.
A Systematic Syllabi Review on Interdisciplinary Personnel Preparation Programs
Authors: Alexandre Suzanne G. , Szocik Katherine , Ghildyal Prachi , Xu Yaoying 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to develop an effective evaluation tool to review course syllabi as a method for ensuring effective outcomes for interdisciplinary personnel preparation. A well-written course syllabus reflects the quality of the academic program in which the coursework is a part. A review of the syllabi across interdisciplinary programs is an attempt to align the quality of the courses and the graduate student competencies as set forth by each program. A syllabus evaluation form was developed and used systematically by three reviewers who gave each syllabus in the program a rating based on the three project target competencies and the listed indicators. For this project, three common components of syllabi were reviewed: learning outcomes, readings, and assignments. The findings suggest that a systematic syllabi review can be used to determine individual course alignment and for overall program evaluation. Findings also suggest that a syllabi evaluation form can be an effective tool to use in systematic syllabi reviews.
Photoelectrochemical properties of doped TiO2 nanowires grown by seed-assisted thermal oxidation
Authors: Zimbone Massimo , Battiato Sergio , Calcagno Lucia , Pezzotti Escobar Gianni , Pellegrino Giovanna , Mirabella Salvo , Giuffrida Federico , Impellizzeri Giuliana 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTitanium dioxide Nanowires (NWs) are particularly interesting because of their very high surface/volume ratio and their photocatalytic activity allows them to be used in a myriad of applications. This manuscript presents a study of nanowires grown on a conductive substrate making use of a seed-assisted thermal oxidation process. To obtain doped NWs, before the oxidation, metallic titanium was doped with Fe (or Cr) by ion implantation technology. Analyses showed good quality Rutile phase and light absorption in the visible range. Transport properties of the NWs/electrolyte junction were investigated by using linear sweep voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. They allowed us to measure the photovoltage and the barrier height of the junction. We also evaluated the density of hole trap states at the interface during illumination. Electrical results indicate that the formation of deep levels, induced by doping, influences the electron concentration in the TiO2 and the transport properties.
Graphical abstract
Role of interfacial layer as PANI–silicene in Si-based photodiodes
Authors: Kocyigit Adem , Yıldız Dilber Esra , Taşaltın Nevin , Yıldırım Murat 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSilicene is a 2D monoatomic sheet of silicon and can be used for various applications such as degradation, therapy, and biosafety. Polyaniline (PANI) is a conducting polymer employed for electronic devices. In this study, we synthesized PANI–silicene composites and operated as an external interfacial layer between Al and different type substrates of p-Si and n-Si to compare Schottky-type photodiodes of PANI–silicene/n-Si and PANI–silicene/p-Si. The silicene structures were investigated using X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. Also, the light power intensity dependent of PANI–silicene/n-Si and PANI–silicene/p-Si photodiodes carried out in the range 0–100 mW/cm2 and I–t measurements utilized to determine the response time of the photodiodes. Basic parameters of devices such as ideality factors barrier, height, and series resistance were obtained by Norde and Cheung methods and thermionic emission (TE) theory from I–V graphs. While the PANI–silicene/n-Si exhibited high ideality factor values of 5.49, the PANI–silicene/p-Si photodiodes showed a low ideality factor of 1.48. The photodiode parameters such as detectivity and responsivity were calculated as 6.40 × 109 Jones and 38.9 mA/W for n-Si substrate and 78.2 mA/W and 8.81 × 109 Jones for p-Si substrate. The case of basic electrical properties for PANI–silicene composite interlayer-based photodiodes was analyzed in detail.
Role of carbon substitutional and vacancy in tailoring the H2 adsorption energy over a hexagonal boron nitride monolayer: an ab initio study
Authors: Ghosh Sulagna , Nath Palash , Moshat Sudipta , Sanyal Dirtha 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe effect of the substitutional and vacancy type defects on the H2 adsorption energy over a monolayer hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) substrate has been studied by using the van der Waals density functional theory calculations. Carbon doping at the boron site or formation of boron vacancy can be an effective way to increase the adsorption energy value of a pristine h-BN substrate. The repulsive lateral interaction present in between the two H2 molecules plays a vital role in case of multiple H2 molecule adsorption over the substrate. Also, the carbon cluster formation during doping can have a favorable effect in the overall storage capacity of the h-BN substrate.
Highly Selective Ratiometric Sensors for Pb2+ Based on Luminescent Zn(II)-Coordination Polymers with Thiophenedicarboxylate. Crystal Structures and Spectroscopic Studies
Authors: Otero-Fuentes Georgina M. , Sánchez-Mendieta Victor , Sánchez-Ruiz Alejandro , Morales-Luckie Raúl A. , Martínez-Otero Diego , Jaramillo-García Jonathan , León-Gómez Juan Pablo , Dorazco-González Alejandro 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe development of luminescent coordination polymers for the selective sensing of Pb2+ in water constitutes an active area of research that impacts analytical, environmental, and inorganic chemistry. Herein, two novel water-stable 2D Zn-coordination polymers {[Zn2(H2O)2(tdc)2(bpy)]·(H2O)}n1 and [Zn(tdc)(tmb)]n2 (tdc = thiophenedicarboxylate; bpy = 4,4’-bipyridine and tmb = 4,4'-trimethylenebipyridine) were synthesized, structurally determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction, and studied in-depth as luminescent sensors for a series of cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+ Cd2+, Hg2+ and Pb2+) in 20% aqueous ethanol. These Zn-polymers possess photostability in 20% aqueous ethanol with a strong emission at 410 upon excitation at 330 nm and quantum yields of around Φ = 0.09. Under these conditions, Pb+2 can be efficiently sensed with polymer 2 through a fluorescent ratiometric response with selectivity over common interfering metal ions such as Cu2+, Cd2+ and Hg2+ in the micromolar concentration range (detection limit = 1.78 ± 10 μM). Such selectivity/affinity of Pb2+ over Hg2+ for luminescent chemosensors is still rare. On the basis of spectroscopic tools (1H NMR, far ATR-IR, PXRD), the X-ray crystal structure of 2, and Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopic analysis, the ratiometric fluorescent response is proposed via an efficient metal-ion exchange driven through interactions between thiophenedicarboxylate rings and Pb2+ ions. The use of flexible luminescent Zn-coordination polymers as sensors for selective and direct detection of Pb2+ in aqueous media has been unexplored until now.
Graphical Abstract
The Functions of Human Touch: An Integrative Review
Authors: Saluja Supreet , Croy Ilona , Stevenson Richard J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThere appears to be no attempt to categorize the specific classes of behavior that the tactile system underpins. Awareness of how an organism uses touch in their environment informs understanding of its versatility in non-verbal communication and tactile perception. This review categorizes the behavioral functions underpinned by the tactile sense, by using three sources of data: (1) Animal data, to assess if an identified function is conserved across species; (2) Human capacity data, indicating whether the tactile sense can support a proposed function; and (3) Human impaired data, documenting the impacts of impaired tactile functioning (e.g., reduced tactile sensitivity) for humans. From these data, three main functions pertinent to the tactile sense were identified: Ingestive Behavior; Environmental Hazard Detection and Management; and Social Communication. These functions are reviewed in detail and future directions are discussed with focus on social psychology, non-verbal behavior and multisensory perception.
Improving Programming in Juvenile Detention: The Impact of Project Safe Neighborhoods Youth Outreach Forums
Authors: Davis Jonathan M V. , Meares Tracey , Arnesen Emily 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Objectives
A growing body of evidence suggests focused deterrence strategies successfully reduce criminal behavior. Very little of this evidence comes from randomized experiments. This paper takes a step toward filling this gap in the literature. We present the results of a randomized experiment evaluating a series of youth outreach forums that leverage several focused deterrence strategies.

Methods
This paper presents the results of a randomized controlled trial of a youth outreach forums program run in the Cook County Juvenile Detention Center (JTDC) by the Northern Illinois Project Safe Neighborhoods Task Force.

Results
We find the program caused a 20 percent reduction in the number of new spells at the JTDC in the eight months after random assignment and reduced total arrests by 18 percent in the first year after random assignment. While both of these impacts are somewhat imprecisely estimated, the reduction in total arrests is driven by statistically significant 43 and 40 percent reductions in arrests for violent and drug crime, respectively, and a large but less precisely estimated 30 percent reduction in arrests for property crime. These correspond to very valuable and proportionally large reductions in the social costs of crime. Our estimates also suggest the forums increase attachment to school.

Conclusion
The results of our study suggest juvenile detention centers may better reduce the future criminal behavior of residents by implementing similar programs to the youth outreach forums program.
Time-lag effects of habitat loss, but not fragmentation, on deadwood-dwelling lichens
Authors: Hämäläinen Aino , Fahrig Lenore 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Context
Landscape habitat amount is known to increase biodiversity, while the effects of habitat fragmentation are still debated. It has been suggested that negative fragmentation effects may occur with a time lag, which could explain inconsistent results. However, there is so far no empirical support for this idea.

Objectives
We evaluated whether habitat amount and fragmentation at the landscape scale affect the species density of deadwood-dwelling lichens, and whether these effects occur with a time lag.

Methods
We surveyed deadwood-dwelling lichens in woodland key habitats in two regions in northern Sweden, and modelled their species density as a function of past (1960s) and present (2010s) habitat amount (old forest area) and fragmentation (edge density) in the surrounding landscapes.

Results
Present habitat amount generally had weak positive effects on lichen species density. Positive effects of the past habitat amount were stronger, indicating a time lag in habitat amount effects. Habitat fragmentation effects were generally weak and similar whether fragmentation was measured in the past or the present landscapes, indicating no time lag in fragmentation effects.

Conclusions
We found a time lag effect of habitat amount, but not fragmentation. This result is not consistent with suggestions that time lags explain the mixed observations of fragmentation effects. Time-lag effects of habitat amount suggest that the studied lichen communities face an extinction debt. Conservation should therefore prioritize increasing the amount of old forest, for example by creating forest reserves, to maintain the current lichen diversity. More generally, our results imply that studies examining only the present habitat amount risk under-estimating its importance.
Dual-Channel Autoencoder with Key Region Feature Enhancement for Video Anomalous Event Detection
Authors: Ye Qing , Song Zihan , Zhao Yuqi , Zhang Yongmei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractVideo anomaly event detection is crucial for analyzing surveillance videos. Existing methods have limitations: frame-level detection fails to remove background interference, and object-level methods overlook object-environment interaction. To address these issues, this paper proposes a novel video anomaly event detection algorithm based on a dual-channel autoencoder with key region feature enhancement. The goal is to preserve valuable information in the global context while focusing on regions with a high anomaly occurrence. Firstly, a key region extraction network is proposed to perform foreground segmentation on video frames, eliminating background redundancy. Secondly, a dual-channel autoencoder is designed to enhance the features of key regions, enabling the model to extract more representative features. Finally, channel attention modules are inserted between each deconvolution layer of the decoder to enhance the model’s perception and discrimination of valuable information. Compared to existing methods, our approach accurately locates and focuses on regions with a high anomaly occurrence, improving the accuracy of anomaly event detection. Extensive experiments are conducted on the UCSD ped2, CUHK Avenue, and SHTech Campus datasets, and the results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.