bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Governments demand compliance, ethics demands leadership
Authors: Lager James M. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract

Governments are imposing new rules and restrictions on businesses and their leaders in the wake of the recent economic crisis, attempting to address the regulatory failure and corporate avarice frequently blamed for the global recession. The ever‐present incentive for leaders to show profitability, coupled with the inability of governments or private industry to support continuous controls or monitoring, condemns these new rules, restrictions, and enforcement mechanisms to relative ineffectiveness.
Scandal can ruin an organization and a leader's reputation, and cosmetic or even actual compliance with new rules and restrictions will not always insulate corporate harm from unethical conduct. This article suggests that a leader wishing to avoid fines or business failure should prevent abusive or improper business conduct not by adoption of codes of conduct and periodic rules‐based ethics training, but by establishing and maintaining a values‐based organizational culture supportive of ethical behaviour, largely through the principles of ethical leadership.

Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Eosinophilia and multifocal vertebral involvement with Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Küpeli Serhan , Kara Fehime , Akyüz Canan , Büyükpamukçu Münevver 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPatients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) usually present with lymphadenopathies. Osseous involvement at presentation is extremely rare. Occurrence of both eosinophilia and osseous involvement has not been reported frequently. We present an adolescent female complaining of lower back pain for 6 months, in whom, multifocal vertebral involvement and peripheral blood eosinophilia preceded the final diagnosis of HL. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:560–561. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Autologous stem cell transplantation as treatment modality in a patient with relapsed pancreatoblastoma
Authors: Hamidieh Amir Ali , Jalili Mahdi , Khojasteh Omid , Ghavamzadeh Ardeshir 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPancreatoblastoma (PB) is a rare malignant neoplasm of the pancreas, which occurs mostly during childhood. Presently, the optimal treatment strategy is neither clear nor uniform for patients in advanced stages, in particular those with metastasis, inoperable, or recurrent tumors. To our knowledge, until now, only one patient with PB has been treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) following aggressive chemotherapy and surgical resection. Here we report the second case of PB who was treated with aggressive chemotherapy combined with autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:573–576. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A phase II trial and pharmacokinetic study of oxaliplatin in children with refractory solid tumors: A Children's Oncology Group study
Authors: Beaty Orren , Berg Stacey , Blaney Susan , Malogolowkin Marcio , Krailo Mark , Knight Ronald , Schaiquevich Paula , Stewart Clinton , Chen Zhengjia , Nelson Marvin , Voss Stephan , Ivy S. Percy , Adamson Peter C. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackgroundPlatinating agents are used in the treatment of a spectrum of childhood cancers. Oxaliplatin, a third generation platinum compound, may provide less toxicity and be more effective. A phase 2 study was performed to estimate the response rate to single agent oxaliplatin in patients with refractory pediatric solid tumors, and to further describe the toxicities and pharmacokinetics of the drug in this population.Patients and MethodsSubjects, ≤21 years of age at original diagnosis, received oxaliplatin (130 mg/m2) intravenously every 21 days. Prior platinum exposure was acceptable. Histologies included: Ewing sarcoma/peripheral PNET, osteosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma, high and low grade astrocytoma, brain stem glioma, ependymoma, hepatoblastoma and selected rare tumors. A two‐stage design, enrolling 10 + 10 subjects, was used for each disease stratum. Limited sampling pharmacokinetic studies were performed.ResultsOf 124 eligible subjects (75 males), 113 were evaluable for response and 69 (62%) had received platinum previously. Only one objective response was observed, a partial response in a 6‐year‐old child with ependymoma. An additional 13 subjects with various other solid tumors had stable disease, receiving a median (range) of 13.5 (2–17) cycles. Five subjects completed 17 treatment cycles. Thrombocytopenia was the most common toxicity observed. The median (range) terminal half‐life and clearance for ultrafiltrable platinum were 293 (187–662 hr) and 14.0 (1.9–24.9 L/hr/m2), respectively (n = 49).ConclusionsAlthough reasonably well tolerated, oxaliplatin administered as a single agent has limited activity in pediatric patients with relapsed or refractory solid tumors. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:440–445. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Being a messenger of life‐threatening conditions: Experiences of pediatric oncologists
Authors: Stenmarker Margaretha , Hallberg Ulrika , Palmérus Kerstin , Márky Ildikó 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackgroundA nationwide population‐based study with questionnaires involving 90 pediatric oncologists was performed in Sweden in 2006/2007. On the basis of this quantitative study, a qualitative study was performed. The aim of this qualitative study was to focus on the main concern of these physicians facing malignant disorders, psychosocial issues, and existential provocation. Furthermore, the strategies for handling these challenges were also studied.MethodInterviews were conducted in 2007 with ten physicians of both genders, with more than 10 years' experience, who were active and previously active in pediatric oncology, and were working at academic and non‐academic medical centers. The interviews were analyzed according to the inductive general research method of classical grounded theory. Every oncologist was selected from the nationwide study.ResultsA core category, that is, their main concern, labeled being a messenger of life‐threatening conditions, was identified. To manage this difficult task of acting like a messenger breaking bad news, five handling categories were used: obtaining knowledge and information, saving one's strength and resources, building a close relationship, avoiding identification, and dealing with one's attitude to central life issues. All the categories and strategies used are described in the text.ConclusionsThe challenge of making difficult decisions and delivering difficult news is an inevitable part of the patient–physician relationship in pediatric oncology. This qualitative study highlights the psychological aspects of being a pediatric oncologist. The study presents some practical implications in the daily work and physician‐related recommendations on how to overcome the demanding role of messenger. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:478–484. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Initial lymphocyte count and the development of persistent/chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Ahmed Ibrahim , Rajpurkar Madhvi , Thomas Ronald , Chitlur Meera 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackgroundAcute immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is a common, benign, self‐limiting disease in children. Chronic ITP is diagnosed when thorombocytopenia persists beyond 12 months. Older age is associated with increased risk for development of chronic ITP. The main objective of the current study was to examine whether total leukocyte (TLC) and absolute lymphocyte counts (ALC) at diagnosis correlate with the persistence of ITP beyond 6 months.ProcedureTwo hundred and twenty four consecutive medical records for patients diagnosed with immune thrombocytopenia, between April 1993 and July 2007, were reviewed and 188 patients were eligible for analysis. Case records were examined to ascertain the following information: age, gender, ethnicity, date of presentation, presenting CBC with differential count, treatment given and the outcome.ResultsThe male to female ratio was almost 1:1; 24% (45/188) of patients had persistent ITP beyond 6 months. We determined that age >8.5 year, TLC < 6,250/µl and ALC < 3,050/µl was associated with a significant risk for development of persistent ITP beyond 6 months.ConclusionsTLC and ALC at diagnosis are predictive variables for the development of persistent/chronic ITP. Further studies are recommended to confirm the current finding and to assess the underlying pathophysiology with the course of the ITP. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:508–511. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
SBDS protein expression patterns in the bone marrow
Authors: Wong Trisha E. , Calicchio Monica L. , Fleming Mark D. , Shimamura Akiko , Harris Marian H. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractShwachman–Diamond syndrome (SDS) is an inherited bone marrow failure syndrome caused by biallelic SBDS gene mutations. Here we examined SBDS protein levels in human bone marrow. SBDS protein expression was high in neutrophil progenitors, megakaryocytes, plasma cells, and osteoblasts. In contrast, SBDS protein levels were low in all hematopoietic cell lineages from patients harboring the common SBDS mutations. We conclude that SBDS protein levels vary widely between specific marrow lineages. Uniformly low SBDS protein expression levels distinguish the majority of SDS patients from controls or other marrow failure syndromes. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:546–549. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Outcome for children treated for relapsed or refractory acute myelogenous leukemia (rAML): A therapeutic advances in childhood leukemia (TACL) consortium study
Authors: Gorman Matthew F. , Ji Lingyun , Ko Richard H. , Barnette Phillip , Bostrom Bruce , Hutchinson Raymond , Raetz Elizabeth , Seibel Nita L. , Twist Clare J. , Eckroth Elena , Sposto Richard , Gaynon Paul S. , Loh Mignon L. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackgroundCurrent event‐free survival (EFS) rates for children with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) approach 50–60%. We hypothesize that further improvements in survival are unlikely to be achieved with traditional approaches such as dose intensive chemotherapy or hematopoietic stem cell transplants, since these therapies have been rigorously explored in clinical trials. This report highlights efforts to assess the response rates and survival outcomes after first or greater relapse in children with AML.ProcedureWe performed a retrospective cohort review of pediatric patients with relapsed and refractory AML (rAML) previously treated at TACL institutions between the years of 1995 and 2004. Data regarding disease characteristics at diagnosis and relapse, treatment response, and survival was collected on 99 patients and 164 medullary relapses or treatment failures.ResultsThe complete response (CR) rate following the second therapeutic attempt was 56 ± 5%. CR rates following a third treatment attempt was 25 ± 8% while 17 ± 7% achieved CR following the fourth through sixth treatments. The 5‐year disease‐free survival in patients achieving CR following a second therapeutic attempt was 43 ± 7%. The 5‐year EFS and overall survival (OS) rates for all patients receiving a second treatment attempt was 24 ± 5% and 29 ± 5%, respectively.ConclusionsThis CR rate following a second therapeutic attempt and OS rate in patients with rAML is consistent with the literature. There are limited published data of CR rates for subsequent relapses. Our data can serve as a historical benchmark to compare outcomes of future therapeutic trials in rAML against traditional chemotherapy regimens. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:421–429. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spontaneous resolution of Epstein–Barr virus‐associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Belyea Brian , Hinson Ashley , Moran Cassandra , Hwang Eugene , Heath Jessica , Barfield Raymond 
Published: May 2010

AbstractSecondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH) is a reactive, proliferative disorder of the immune system resulting in lymphohistiocytic proliferation, hemophagocytosis, and cytokine dysregulation. The most common infectious trigger in sHLH is Epstein–Barr virus (EBV‐HLH). Current treatment protocols for EBV‐HLH have a cure rate of approximately 75%; however, there are significant toxicities associated with these therapies. We present two patients with EBV‐HLH who experienced spontaneous resolution of their disease prior to the initiation of therapy, suggesting there may be a subgroup of patients with EBV‐HLH who do well with conservative management and can avoid potentially toxic therapies. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:754–756. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of deformation on knitted glass preform in‐plane permeability
Authors: Dusserre Gilles , Jourdain Eric , Bernhart Gérard 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe excellent processing properties of knitted preforms for composite applications, as formability and permeability, are not sufficient to compensate the poor mechanical characteristics of the resulting material. Initial preform deformation is a way to improve these properties, but it modifies the permeability and changes the optimal infiltration conditions. This article presents an experimental setup and discusses the reliability of the permeability measurements. Experimental results show that the course‐wise permeability is significantly modified by the deformation of the fabric, whereas the wale‐wise permeability is quite insensitive to the deformation. In an equivalent isotropic system, the deformation essentially influences the anisotropy ratio. POLYM. COMPOS., 32:18–28, 2011. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Resistive viscoelasticity of silicone rubber/carbon black composite
Authors: Wang Shouli , Wang Peng , Ding Tianhuai 
Published: May 2010

AbstractElectrical conductive polymer composites are shown as prospective flexible pressure and stretch sensors for detecting the dangerous deformations and for sensing the pressure with minimal intrusion. To better understand the piezoresistive mechanism and improve the performance of this type of sensor, a series of experiments were conducted to investigate the resistive viscoelasticity of silicone rubber/carbon black composite film. First, the flexible conductive composite film was composed with liquid silicone rubber as the matrix and conductive carbon black as the filler. The filler loading was fixed at 5 phr in mass ratio. Then, the resistive viscoelasticity of the composite film was studied as a function of frequency in the range from DC to 1 MHz, including resistive creep, resistive relaxation, and resistive recovery, although in a standard experiment, one‐step stress or one‐step strain was loaded in transient time and the resistance responses were measured. Result from the experiment shows that the creep of resistance is composed of two distinct segments. One is coincident with the strain creep of a typical viscoelastic material, while the other is quite different. Both the relaxation and the recovery of resistance exhibit strong frequency dependence. The relaxation speed becomes slower with the increase of exciting frequency except DC, and the relaxation speed is marginal when excited by DC electrical field. The recovery time becomes shorter with the increase of the exciting frequency. POLYM. COMPOS., 32:29–35, 2011. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Rheological properties of poly(acrylonitrile‐co‐methyl acrylate)/clay nanocomposites prepared via emulsion polymerization
Authors: Zengeni Eddson , Hartmann Patrice C. , Sanderson Ronald D. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPoly(acrylonitrile‐co‐methyl acrylate)/clay nanocomposites were prepared by free radical polymerization in emulsion using 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanesulphonic acid (AMPS) as a compatibilizer. The resultant nanocomposites were of partially exfoliated morphology despite the variations in clay content among the nanocomposites, as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and small‐angle X‐ray scattering analysis. Rheological studies of these materials were carried out using parallel plate geometry. The storage modulus increased monotonically with increasing clay content throughout the frequency range studied. However, the neat copolymer, poly(acrylonitrile‐co‐methyl acrylate) and its nanocomposites, exhibited long relaxation behavior as the storage modulus (G′) was greater than the loss modulus (G″) throughout the angular frequency range studied. The complex viscosity of the nanocomposites increased with increasing clay content and they exhibited shear‐thinning behavior. Despite the enhanced rheological properties observed, the copolymer and its nanocomposites underwent structural changes during oscillatory measurements due to cyclization reactions. POLYM. COMPOS., 32:59–66, 2011. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Selective intrauterine growth restriction in monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancies
Authors: Valsky Dan V. , Eixarch Elisenda , Martinez Josep Maria , Gratacós Eduard 
Published: May 2010

AbstractSelective intrauterine growth restriction (sIUGR) occurs in 10 to 15% of monochorionic (MC) twins, and it is associated with a substantial increase in perinatal mortality and morbidity. Clinical evolution is largely influenced by the existence of intertwin placental anastomoses: pregnancies with similar degrees of fetal weight discordance are associated with remarkable differences in clinical behavior and outcome. We have proposed a classification of sIUGR into three types according to umbilical artery (UA) Doppler findings (I‐normal, II‐absent/reverse end‐diastolic flow, III‐intermittent absent/reverse end‐diastolic flow), which correlates with distinct clinical behavior, placental features and may assist in counseling and management. In terms of prognosis, sIUGR can roughly be divided in two groups: type I cases, with a fairly good outcome, and types II and III, with a substantial risk for a poor outcome. Management of types II and III may consist in expectant management until deterioration of the IUGR fetus is observed, with the option of cord occlusion if this occurs before viability. Alternatively, active management can be considered electively, including cord occlusion or laser coagulation. Both therapies seem to increase the chances of intact survival of the larger fetus, while they entail, or increase the chances of, intrauterine demise of the IUGR fetus. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantification and application of the placental epigenetic signature of the RASSF1A gene in maternal plasma
Authors: Zhao Fuxi , Wang Jian , Liu Runhua , Yang Jing , Cui Ke , Wu Yongming , Guo Juncheng , Mu Yaqin , Wang Xiying 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjectivesThe aims of the detection of hypermethylated RASSF1A gene in maternal plasma from all three trimesters of pregnancy were to show its feature of cell‐free fetal DNA and to make up deficients of genetic markers. This study also aimed at investigating of its application value in pre‐eclampsia compared with third trimester.MethodsEighty pregnant women (7–41 gestational weeks) including normal pregnant women (60 cases) and pre‐eclamptic pregnant women (20 cases) were selected as study groups and 20 normal non‐pregnant women were selected as control group. Free DNA of plasma samples was extracted, and RASSF1A levels before and after double‐methylation‐sensitive restriction enzyme digestion of HinP1I and HhaI were determined to measure total and fetal cell‐free DNA, respectively. β‐Actin gene was detected as a control to confirm complete enzyme digestion.ResultsThe median concentrations of hypermethylated RASSF1A gene were 46 copies/mL in first trimester, 96 copies/mL in second trimester, 527 copies/mL in third trimester and 1947 copies/mL in pre‐eclampsia. There was positive correlation between fetal‐derived hypermethylated RASSF1A levels and the severity of pre‐eclampsia.ConclusionHypermethylated RASSF1A gene may be considered as an epigenetic marker to detect the fetal DNA in maternal plasma and expands the clinical application of non‐invasive prenatal diagnosis. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prescribing of anti‐osteoporotic therapies following the use of proton pump inhibitors in general practice
Authors: McGowan B. , Bennett K. , Barry M. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPurposeTo determine the association, if any, between the prescribing of proton pump inhibitors and drugs for the management of osteoporosis.MethodsThe study employed a retrospective cohort design using the Irish Health Services Executive (HSE) Primary Care Reimbursement Services (PCRS) pharmacy database, which contains prescription information for 1.2 million people (30% of the population). Those aged 55 years and over were included. Individuals were classified as new PPI users if they initiated PPI therapy after 2003, and those not receiving PPI therapy after 2003 as the comparison group. Subsequent prescribing of anti‐osteoporotic therapy was considered from 2004 to 2007 in both groups. Adjusted odds ratios (OR and 95%CIs) were determined by logistic regression, adjusting for age, gender and medications, which potentially affect bone mineral density.Results442 341 patients were identified, 209 175 were PPI users and the 233 166 were used as the comparison group. The odds ratio (95%CI) for the prescribing of anti‐osteoporotic therapies following the prescribing of PPIs was OR = 1.69 (95%CI 1.66 1.72) compared to not receiving any PPI therapy, when adjusted for age and sex. When adjustments were made for other confounders, the OR decreased to OR = 1.26 (95%CI 1.23–1.28). The strength of the association increased with increasing duration of PPI therapy 6–12 months OR = 1.19 (95%CI 1.15–1.23) and for >24 months, OR= 2.09 (95%CI 2.04, 2.13) compared to < 3 months. The OR also increased with increase in dose of therapy.ConclusionThe results of the study indicate the association between the prescribing of bisphosphonates following the use of proton pump inhibitors may be clinically relevant. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photopolymerization of biocompatible phosphorus‐containing vinyl esters and vinyl carbamates
Authors: Dworak Claudia , Koch Thomas , Varga Franz , Liska Robert 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPhosphorus‐containing vinyl esters and vinyl carbamates were synthesized as new biocompatible and degradable photopolymers. Reactivity of the monomers with one, two, and three polymerizable double bonds was evaluated by photo‐differential scanning calorimetry. With respect to their potential application in the biomedical field, studies on cytotoxicity, mechanical stability, and hydrolytic erosion behavior of the poly(vinyl alcohol)‐based derivatives were performed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 2916–2924, 2010
Small strain behavior of polyethylene: In situ SAXS measurements
Authors: Humbert Séverine , Lame Olivier , Chenal Jean‐Marc , Rochas Cyrille , Vigier Gérard 
Published: May 2010

AbstractStack lamella deformation depends on their orientation with respect to the loading axis, the intrinsic properties of the lamellae, and the mechanical coupling between crystalline and amorphous phases. The aim of this work is to investigate the influence of the stress transmitter (ST) density and the crystallinity Xc on the local deformation. A wide experimental campaign has been undertaken on several polyethylenes with controlled molecular parameters and subjected to different thermal treatments. The ST density has been evaluated by the natural draw ratio and calculated by the Brown's model. The local deformation was measured by SAXS along a tensile test by using the long period stretching of the equatorial lamella stacks. The ratio εlocal/εmacro was found to be a constant close to 0.5. This surprising low value has highlighted that the equatorial regions could be either the stiffest zone of the spherulite or submitted to a lower stress. It is proposed that the stability of the ratio εlocal/εmacro is the result of two opposite phenomena: On one hand, the increase of Xc leads to unload the equatorial regions due to partial percolation of the crystalline phase and so decreases the stresses. On the other hand, when increasing Xc, the ST density decreases which causes the decrease in the local equatorial modulus. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 1535–1542, 2010