bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agitation and mobilization of thixotropic liquids
Authors: Derksen J. J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractDirect numerical simulations of transitional and turbulent flows of purely viscous thixotropic liquids in stirred tanks have been performed. The simple thixotropy model used is based on the notion of a network in the liquid with an integrity that builds up with finite rate under quiescent conditions, and breaks down under liquid deformation. We solve a transport equation for the network integrity which is two‐way coupled to the lattice‐Boltzmann‐based flow solver. The liquid's time scale characterized by the dimensionless Deborah number shows a profound impact on the level of mobilization and the flow patterns in the mixing tanks, especially if the time scale of the liquid is of the same order as the circulation time in the tank. It is also demonstrated to what extent increasing the impeller speed improves mobilization and mixing. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Non‐myeloablative conditioning and allogeneic transplantation for multiple myeloma
Authors: Osman Keren , Elliott Brian , Mandeli John , Scigliano Eileen , Malone Adriana , Isola Luis , Grosskreutz Celia 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn multiple myeloma (MM), allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloHCT) carries a lower relapse risk than autologous transplantation but a greater transplant‐related mortality. Nonmyeloablative conditioning for allogeneic transplantation (NST) reduces transplant‐related toxicity. Results are encouraging when used during first remission in low‐risk patients, but less‐so in relapsed or refractory disease. This is a single‐center retrospective analysis of 20 previously treated MM patients who underwent NST from matched‐related or matched‐unrelated donors from 2000–2006. Median age was 52.7 years (37.2–68.0). Twenty‐five percent had advanced or high‐risk disease. Eleven still had active disease prior to NST. Conditioning was total body irradiation 200 cGy on a single fraction on day −5, followed by antithymocyte globulin (ATG) 1.5 mg/kg/day and fludarabine 30 mg/m2/day on days −4 to −2. All received immunosuppression, most commonly with oral mycofenylate mofetil and cyclosporine beginning on day −5. At day 100, 50% had achieved complete remission. Transplant‐related mortality was 25%. Median overall survival (OS) was 21.2 months (0.6–90+) and progression‐free survival (PFS) 6.6 months (0.6–90+). Both OS and PFS were 24% at 3 years. OS was significantly greater for patients with age <52 years (median 27 months vs. 7.9 months, P = 0.031), and there was a trend toward greater OS for those with β2 microglobulin <2.5 mg/l (median 27 months vs. 7.7 months, P = 0.08). Donor characteristics and Ig type had no significant effect on survival. These data suggest a benefit of NST in relapsed/refractory MM. Randomized trials must be performed to confirm and further qualify this benefit. Am. J. Hematol., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluative mediation: In search of practice competencies
Authors: Della Noce Dorothy J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAlthough there is no shortage of literature on why mediators should be allowed to give evaluations and why parties in dispute allegedly want and need evaluations, there is a relative lack of empirical literature on the subject of what exactly qualifies as competent evaluative mediation practice. The author reviews existing literature to formulate a description of the behaviors that would be considered competent in evaluative mediation practice, and to open a discussion of the implications of these findings for such contemporary fieldwide conversations as defining quality mediation, establishing performance‐based competency standards, distinguishing among approaches to practice, and exploring the relationship between underlying values and practice approaches.
Forecasting macroeconomic variables in a small open economy: a comparison between small‐ and large‐scale models
Authors: Gupta Rangan , Kabundi Alain 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis paper compares the forecasting ability of five alternative types of models in predicting four key macroeconomic variables, namely, per capita growth rate, the CPI inflation, the money market rate, and the growth rate of the nominal effective exchange rate for the South African economy. Unlike the theoretical small open economy new Keynesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium, the unrestricted VAR, and the small‐scale Bayesian vector autoregressive models, which are estimated based on four variables, dynamic factor models and the large‐scale BVAR models use information from a data‐rich environment containing 266 macroeconomic time series observed over the period 1983:01 to 2002:04. The results, based on root mean square errors, for one‐ to eight‐quarter‐ahead out‐of‐sample forecasts over the horizon of 2003:01 to 2006:04, show that, except for the growth rate of the of nominal effective exchange rate, large‐scale BVARs outperform the other four types of models consistently and, generally, significantly. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using spaced retrieval and Montessori‐based activities in improving eating ability for residents with dementia
Authors: Lin Li‐Chan , Huang Ya‐Ju , Su Su‐Gen , Watson Roger , Tsai Belina W‐J. , Wu Shiao‐Chi 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectivesTo construct a training protocol for spaced retrieval (SR) and to investigate the effectiveness of SR and Montessori‐based activities in decreasing eating difficulty in older residents with dementia.MethodsA single evaluator, blind, and randomized control trial was used. Eighty‐five residents with dementia were chosen from three special care units for residents with dementia in long‐term care facilities in Taiwan. To avoid any confounding of subjects, the three institutions were randomized into three groups: spaced retrieval, Montessori‐based activities, and a control group. The invention consisted of three 30–40 min sessions per week, for 8 weeks.ResultsAfter receiving the intervention, the Edinburgh Feeding Evaluation in Dementia (EdFED) scores and assisted feeding scores for the SR and Montessori‐based activity groups were significantly lower than that of the control group. However, the frequencies of physical assistance and verbal assistance for the Montessori‐based activity group after intervention were significantly higher than that of the control group, which suggests that residents who received Montessori‐based activity need more physical and verbal assistance during mealtimes. In terms of the effects of nutritional status after intervention, Mini‐Nutritional Assessment (MNA) in the SR group was significantly higher than that of the control group.ConclusionThis study confirms the efficacy of SR and Montessori‐based activities for eating difficulty and eating ability. A longitudinal study to follow the long‐term effects of SR and Montessori‐based activities on eating ability and nutritional status is recommended. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of pretreatment 18FDG‐PET/CT in surgical decision‐making for head and neck cancers
Authors: Iyer N. Gopalakrishna , Clark Jonathan R. , Singham Shahlini , Zhu Jacqui 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackgroundDespite widespread use, the utility of pretreatment positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) remains undefined. In this study, we aim to determine its accuracy in nodal disease.MethodsIn all, 111 patients managed between 2003 and 2007 were analyzed.ResultsFor squamous cell cancers (SCCs) with any increased nodal uptake (mild to high), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values (PPVs), and negative predictive values (NPVs) were 75%, 95%, 85%, and 90%. However, if PET was deemed positive for only moderate to high uptake, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were 71%, 95%, 85%, and 89%. In patients undergoing elective neck dissection, the accuracy was lower: for any increased uptake, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were 66%, 96%, 83%, and 92%, whereas for moderate to high uptake, these were 52%, 97%, 79%, and 89%.ConclusionsDespite advances in PET/CT technology, these statistics suggest that PET/CT is not sufficiently accurate to direct superselective neck dissections, or to guide therapeutic decisions in the N0 neck. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Predictors of functional decline in locally advanced head and neck cancer patients from South Brazil
Authors: Silver Heidi J. , de Campos Graf Guimaraes Christine , Pedruzzi Paola , Badia Maraisa , Spuldaro de Carvalho Adriana , Oliveira Benedito V. , Ramos Gyl H. A. , Dietrich Mary S. , Pietrobon Ricardo 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackgroundFunctional decline in Brazilian patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is associated with impaired recovery, quality of life, and health care costs.MethodsSixty patients enrolled at the regional oncology center in Curitiba, Brazil, were assessed over 6 months for toxicities, nutritional status, anthropometry, fatigue, stress, and functionality.ResultsSevere mid‐arm and mid‐calf circumference depletion accompanied weight loss. Total fatigue score increased 64% (p < .001), as did perceived stress and serum cortisol (p = .01). Instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) dependence doubled, and activities of daily living (ADL) dependence quadrupled (p < .001). Difficulty chewing or swallowing, weight loss, fatigue, perceived stress, and IADL dependence accounted for 48.2% of ADL dependence.ConclusionsThe physical and psychological impact of HNSCC and its treatment are universally experienced; yet, screening and intervention for symptoms such as fatigue and stress are not typical clinical practice. Moreover, assessment of functional status is usually limited to chewing and swallowing. This study identified symptoms that require systematic intervention and randomized trials with functional independence as the outcome. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Immunotherapy using allogeneic squamous cell tumor–dendritic cell fusion hybrids
Authors: Lee Walter T. , Tan Chunrui , Koski Gary , Shu Suyu , Cohen Peter 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackgroundTumor‐associated antigens (TAAs) are known to be immunotherapy targets; thus tumor‐sharing TAA may be used as a fusion hybrid partner to confer protection against subsequent tumor challenge.MethodsThe squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), SCCVII and B4B8, were used in C3H/HEN mice: SCCVII (H‐2k) is syngeneic, B4B8 (H‐2d) is allogeneic. Experiments using tumor alone included hyperimmunization schedule, subdermal and intranodal routes. Mice were challenged 2 weeks later. Fusion hybrids were created from both SCC tumor cell lines and syngeneic dendritic cells (DCs). These were delivered intranodally for immunization, and mice were challenged with tumor 2 weeks later.ResultsOnly syngeneic tumor given subdermally was able to protect after tumor challenge 2 weeks later. Hyperimmunization schedule did not alter these findings. However, fusion hybrid immunization from both allogeneic and syngeneic SCCs conferred protection after tumor challenge.ConclusionsAllogeneic tumor–DC fusion hybrids targeting TAA can protect against subsequent tumor challenge. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Progranulin (granulin/epithelin precursor) and its constituent granulin repeats repress transcription from cellular promoters
Authors: Hoque Mainul , Mathews Michael B. , Pe'ery Tsafi 
Published: January 2010

AbstractProgranulin (also known as granulin/epithelin precursor, GEP) is composed of seven granulin/epithelin repeats (granulins) and functions both as a full‐length protein and as individual granulins. It is a secretory protein but a substantial amount of GEP is found inside cells, some in complexes with positive transcription elongation factor b (P‐TEFb). GEP and certain granulins interact with the cyclin T1 subunit of P‐TEFb, and with its HIV‐1 Tat co‐factor, leading to repression of transcription from the HIV promoter. We show that GEP lacking the signal peptide (GEPspm) remains inside cells and, like wild‐type GEP, interacts with cyclin T1 and Tat. GEPspm represses transcription from the HIV‐1 promoter at the RNA level. Granulins that bind cyclin T1 are phosphorylated by P‐TEFb in vivo and in vitro on serine residues. GEPspm and those granulins that interact with cyclin T1 also inhibit transcription from cellular cad and c‐myc promoters, which are highly dependent on P‐TEFb, but not from the PCNA promoter. In addition, GEPspm and granulins repress transcriptional activation by VP16 or c‐Myc, proteins that bind and recruit P‐TEFb to responsive promoters. These data suggest that intracellular GEP is a promoter‐specific transcriptional repressor that modulates the function of cellular and viral transcription factors. J. Cell. Physiol. 223: 224–233, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Optimal job splitting on a multi‐slot machine with applications in the printing industry
Authors: Ekici Ali , Ergun Özlem , Keskinocak Pınar , Lagoudakis Michail G. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn this article, we define a scheduling/packing problem called the Job Splitting Problem, motivated by the practices in the printing industry. There are n types of items to be produced on an m‐slot machine. A particular assignment of the types to the slots is called a “run” configuration and requires a setup cost. Once a run begins, the production continues according to that configuration and the “length” of the run represents the quantity produced in each slot during that run. For each unit of production in excess of demand, there is a waste cost. Our goal is to construct a production plan, i.e., a set of runs, such that the total setup and waste cost is minimized. We show that the problem is strongly NP‐hard and propose two integer programming formulations, several preprocessing steps, and two heuristics. We also provide a worst‐case bound for one of the heuristics. Extensive tests on real‐world and randomly generated instances show that the heuristics are both fast and effective, finding near‐optimal solutions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2010
Poly(urethane‐co‐benzoxazine)s via reaction of phenol terminated urethane prepolymers and benzoxazine monomer and investigation of their properties
Authors: Jamshidi Sadegh , Yeganeh Hamid , Mehdipour‐Ataei Shahram 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn the present work, a new method was developed for the combination of polyurethanes (PUs) and polybenzoxazine (PBz) to obtain novel thermoset poly(urethane‐co‐benzoxazine)s with good thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties as well as low temperature curing profile. Knowing the catalytic effect of compounds possessing free phenolic groups on ring opening polymerization of benzoxazine monomers, preparation of phenol terminated urethane oligomers (PTPU) as the macroinitiator for a benzoxazine monomer (Ba) was considered. Firstly, NCO‐terminated urethane prepolymers were prepared from the reaction of poly(tetramethyleneether glycol), and 2,4‐tolylene diisocyanate, and then end functionalized with bisphenol‐A under proper condition. DSC, DMTA, and gel content measurements were applied to find optimum ring opening polymerization condition (170°C for 1 hr and 200°C for 15 min). Various kinds of thermoset polymers were prepared by the reaction of PTPU at different molecular weights with variable contents of Ba. All of monomeric and polymeric materials were characterized by conventional spectroscopic methods and their thermal, mechanical, viscoelastic, and electrical properties were measured and properties were correlated to their structure. Due to the interesting properties of these new materials, the possibility of using them as electrical insulators with higher service temperature in comparison to common PUs were examined and their potential applicability was confirmed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chinese science: the traditional Chinese view
Authors: Yoke Ho Peng 
Published: January 2010

In the study of Chinese science it is important to take into account the fact that there are many Chinese terms which do not convey exactly the same meanings to traditional and modern scholars. It is essential to try to put ourselves in theshoes of the former in order to have a better understanding of classical Chinese texts. Take for example the simple term shuxue, which we all take to mean ‘mathematics’. Indeed we are quite correct to call it ‘ mathematics’ when it appears in a modern text, or after the time of Li Shanlan (1811–1982) who first used itwhen he translated Western mathematical works into Chinese. However, when the term shuxue appears in any text written before the time of Li Shanlan it can often be dangerous to use the modern meaning of the term without circumspection. I quote a passage on the Biography of Zhang Zhong from the Ming waish. contained in the Imperial Compendium Gujin tushu jicheng which reads:(Zhang) Zhong was studying at his youth and presented himself at the jinshi level of civil examinations. However, he failed, and whereupon he gave rein to roaming among the mountains and streams. On one occasion he came across an extraordinarily gifted person and learned shuxue from him. (Henceforth) he talked about future destiny, and was often uncanny in accuracy.
Note on the new excavations at the Shore Temple, Mahabalipuram
Authors: Marr John R. 
Published: January 2010

On a recent (December 1990) visit to India, I had the opportunity of visiting the new excavations at Mahabalipuram (Māmallapuram) 50 km. south of Madras, carried out in 1990 by the Archaeological Department of Tamilnadu, and still in progress.The work is in the area immediately to the north of the ‘Shore’ temple. So far uncovered is an apsidal-shaped tank, its curved end aligned south towards the middle portion of the shore temple. This middle portion consists of a mandapa enclosing a rock-cut image of reclining Visnu, Anantaśayana. From the eroded nature of this piece, and the fact that the Pallava structure over it was clearly an addition, I have long felt this Anantaśayana to antedate the shore temple. The erection of the latter would thus have ‘converted’ this area to Śaiva use, since, as extant, the shore temple consists of two cellae with liiigas, one to the East of the Visnu-figure, the other to the West.
Court ceremonial and marriage in the Sumerian epic ‘Gilgamesh and Huwawa’
Authors: Alster Bendt 
Published: January 2010

Four versions of an episode in the Sumerian composition ‘Gilgamesh and Huwawa’ are discussed here. The encounter of Gilgamesh and Huwawa is interpreted in terms of Gilgamesh playing the role of a visitor received in audience at a foreign court. His gifts aim at inviting Huwawa to reciprocate, and thereby give up his protection. Gilgamesh especially exploits Huwawa's social isolation and lack of noble ancestry by offering him his two sisters, one in marriage and one as a concubine. he version in which the two sisters are the only offer makes most coherent sense. In another version the inner logic was distorted when the list was expanded to at least six offers.TIM IX 47 (IM 62827) was first published by J. van Dijk, inŠumer, 15,1959, PI. 2, and edited in the same volume, pp. 8–10.1 had a chance to collate the text in the spring of 1990 when I visited the Iraq Museum, Baghdad.1 Since this led to some improved readings, which may clarify a difficult episode in the Sumerian composition ‘Gilgamesh and Huwawa’, a complete edition of the tablet is presented here.2 With a few exceptions my readings are in agreement with van Dijk's copy.
The rise of metafiction in China
Authors: Zhao Y. H. 
Published: January 2010

Though it would be almost impossible to trace who first applied the term ‘Avant-Garde fiction’ (Xianfeng Xiaoshuo ) to a recent trend in Chinese fiction since 1985, it is an appropriate name in many respects. All the previous schools of fiction in modern China—Wound fiction (Shangheng Xiaoshuo ), Reform fiction (Gaige Xiaoshuo ), Re-thinking fiction (Fansi Xiaowen ), or Roots-Seeking fiction (Xungen Xiaoshuo )—received their names after their respective subject matters. The naming of Avant-Garde fiction itself seems to indicate that Chinese fiction has grown out of its thematic age to enter a new phase of life beyond themes.The earliest authors of Chinese Avant-Garde fiction—Can Xue , Ma Yuan , Hong Feng , Zhaxi Dawa , Mo Yan and others—are all based in remote areas far from the centres of modern Chinese civilization. This led some critics to the conclusion that literary modernity was at odds with modern urbanized culture. Hardly had such an argument been put forward when, towards the end of 1987, there appeared a new group of Avant-Garde writers—Su Tong with The escape of 1934 (Yijiu sansi nian de taowang— :), Sun Ganlu with The letter from the postman (Xinshi zhi han Ge Fei with The lost boat (Mizhou) and Yu Hua with One kind of reality (Xianshi yizhong)— all of them based in the Yangtze Delta, the most prosperous area of modern China. This would suggest, at least, that Chinese avant-gardism is not entirely dependent on economic-geographical conditions.
The theoretical basis of the Tibetan epic, with reference to a ‘chronological order’ of the various episodes in the Gesar epic
Authors: Karmay Samten G. 
Published: January 2010

In the 1950s when Professor Stein was engaged in his research on the Gesar epic, he wrote: ‘If there ever existed a complete recension of all Chapters, they remain unknown to us. Neither written texts nor oral versions contain the totality of the epic story. And the ones that we know of at present, present themselves in the form of a literature that is still alive and mobile.’Since then, the situation has totally changed with the publication of many previously unknown chapters, not only those that have come down to us from the past but also the new products of a literature that is still expanding, as Professor Stein so accurately observed. What I am concerned with here, however, is the theoretical basis which underlies the ordering of the episodes relating to the hero and his life, and the notion of a correct ‘chronological order’ which the tradition presents, however fictitious the events may be. It is the materials which existed before our time which are most pertinent here and which permit us to identify the theoretical basis of which I speak. That basis provides a perspective on the question as a whole, and a guide through the tangled structure of the Tibetan epic. We are now, as I said, in a better position than in the 1950s to make an assessment of the whole body of Tibetan epic literature.
The Azāriqa in Islamic heresiography
Authors: Lewinstein Keith 
Published: January 2010

Since the publication in the West last century of a major Sunnī work on the Islamic sects, those interested in the earlyfiraqhave found themselves dependent on the heresiographical tradition. Islamicists have had little choice in the matter; most writing and thinking produced in circles later deemed heterodox has not been preserved, and to a large extent is available only through the mediation of the heresiographers. While material of other sorts has not gone unstudied, it has for the most part been the heresiographers who have shaped the way we look at early Islamic sectarianism.This marriage of modern scholarship and medieval heresiography is, however, a distinctly uncomfortable one. As indispensable as thefiraqmaterial may be, questions about its reliability persist. The difficulties which characterize this literature are well known, and hardly need to be rehearsed here: it is late, highly schematic, and frequently hostile to the doctrines and groups which it describes. To these might be added one other problem noted less frequently: most of the books in general academic circulation have passed through Ash'arite and/or Mu‘tazilite hands. If, as we shall see, the tradition is not entirely synoptic, there are at least powerful forces at work which militate against a diversity of perspectives.