bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fundamental and intensive care of acute pancreatitis
Authors: Hirota Morihisa , Takada Tadahiro , Kitamura Nobuya , Ito Tetsuhide , Hirata Koichi , Yoshida Masahiro , Mayumi Toshihiko , Kataoka Keisho , Takeda Kazunori , Sekimoto Miho , Hirota Masahiko , Kimura Yasutoshi , Wada Keita , Amano Hodaka , Gabata Toshifumi , Arata Shinju , Yokoe Masamichi , Kiriyama Seiki 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPatients who have been diagnosed as having acute pancreatitis should be, on principle, hospitalized. Crucial fundamental management is required soon after a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis has been made and includes monitoring of the conscious state, the respiratory and cardiovascular system, the urinary output, adequate fluid replacement and pain control. Along with such management, etiologic diagnosis and severity assessment should be conducted. Patients with a diagnosis of severe acute pancreatitis should be transferred to a medical facility where intensive respiratory and cardiovascular management as well as interventional treatment, blood purification therapy and nutritional support are available. The disease condition in acute pancreatitis changes every moment and even symptoms that are mild at the time of diagnosis may become severe later. Therefore, severity assessment should be conducted repeatedly at least within 48 h following diagnosis. An adequate dose of fluid replacement is essential to stabilize cardiovascular dynamics and the dose should be adjusted while assessing circulatory dynamics constantly. A large dose of fluid replacement is usually required in patients with severe acute pancreatitis. Prophylactic antibiotic administration is recommended to prevent infectious complications in patients with severe acute pancreatitis. Although the efficacy of intravenous administration of protease inhibitors is still a matter of controversy, there is a consensus in Japan that a large dose of a synthetic protease inhibitor should be given to patients with severe acute pancreatitis in order to prevent organ failure and other complications. Enteral feeding is superior to parenteral nutrition when it comes to the nutritional support of patients with severe acute pancreatitis. The JPN Guidelines recommend, as optional continuous regional arterial infusion and blood purification therapy.
Diverse population trajectories among coexisting species of subarctic forest moths
Authors: Kozlov Mikhail V. , Hunter Mark D. , Koponen Seppo , Kouki Jari , Niemelä Pekka , Price Peter W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractRecords of 232 moth species spanning 26 years (total catch of ca. 230,000 specimens), obtained by continuous light‐trapping in Kevo, northernmost subarctic Finland, were used to examine the hypothesis that life‐history traits and taxonomic position contribute to both relative abundance and temporal variability of Lepidoptera. Species with detritophagous or moss‐feeding larvae, species hibernating in the larval stage, and species pupating during the first half of the growing season were over‐represented among 42 species classified as abundant during the entire sampling period. The coefficients of variation in annual catches of species hibernating as eggs averaged 1.7 times higher than those of species hibernating as larvae or pupae. Time‐series analysis demonstrated that periodicity in fluctuations of annual catches is generally independent of life‐history traits and taxonomic affinities of the species. Moreover, closely related species with similar life‐history traits often show different population dynamics, undermining the phylogenetic constraints hypothesis. Species with the shortest (1 year) time lag in the action of negative feedback processes on population growth exhibit the largest magnitude of fluctuations. Our analyses revealed that only a few consistent patterns in the population dynamics of herbivorous moths can be deduced from life‐history characteristics of the species. Moreover, the diversity of population behaviour in one moth assemblage challenges any conventional wisdom suggesting predictable patterns. Our results raise several questions about perceptions and paradigms in insect population dynamics and stress the need for research on detritivorous insect population dynamics, as well as the need for more assemblage‐wide studies using common trapping methods to provide comparative data on related and unrelated species with different life‐history traits.
Effect of Sonication on the Thermotropic Behavior of DODAB Vesicles Studied by Fluorescence Probe Solubilization
Authors: Feitosa Eloi , Benatti Carlos Roberto , Tiera Marcio José 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe effect of sonication on fluorescence probe solubilization in cationic vesicles of dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide (DODAB) was investigated by steady‐state fluorescence of pyrene (Py), trans‐diphenylpolyenes—diphenylbutadiene (DPB), diphenylhexatriene (DPH), and their corresponding 4,4′‐dialkyl derivatives 4B4A and 4H4A fluorescence probes. The data indicate that sonication affects the bilayer polarity, the melting temperature (Tm), and the cooperativity of the melting process due to changes in vesicle morphology. The effect of temperature on the fluorescence intensity and yielding Φf and anisotropy <r> shows that the ionizable probes 4B4A and 4H4A are solubilized close to the vesicle interfaces, whereas the non‐ionizable DPH and DPB are deeper in the bilayers. Py solubilization indicates that sonicated vesicles exhibit less densely packed bilayers.
Computer-aided Detection in Computed Tomography Colonography with Full Fecal Tagging: Comparison of Standalone Performance of 3 Automated Polyp Detection Systems
Authors: Hein Patrick A. , Krug Lasse D. , Romano Valentina C. , Kandel Sonja , Hamm Bernd , Rogalla Patrik 
Published: December 2009

Purpose We sought to compare the performance of 3 computer-aided detection (CAD) polyp algorithms in computed tomography colonography (CTC) with fecal tagging. Methods CTC data sets of 33 patients were retrospectively analysed by 3 different CAD systems: system 1, MedicSight; system 2, Colon CAD; and system 3, Polyp Enhanced View. The polyp database comprised 53 lesions, including 6 cases of colorectal cancer, and was established by consensus reading and comparison with colonoscopy. Lesions ranged from 6-40 mm, with 25 lesions larger than 10 mm in size. Detection and false-positive (FP) rates were calculated. Results CAD systems 1 and 2 could be set to have varying sensitivities with higher FP rates for higher sensitivity levels. Sensitivities for system 1 ranged from 73%–94% for all lesions (78%–100% for lesions ≥10 mm) and, for system 2, from 64%–94% (78%–100% for lesions ≥10 mm). System 3 reached an overall sensitivity of 76% (100% for lesions ≥10 mm). The mean FP rate per patient ranged from 8–32 for system 1, from 1–8 for system 2, and was 5 for system 3. At the highest sensitivity level for all polyps (94%), system 2 showed a statistically significant lower FP rate compared with system 1 ( P = .001). When analysing lesions ≥10 mm, system 3 had significantly fewer FPs than systems 1 and 2 ( P < .012). Conclusions Standalone CTC-CAD analysis in the selected patient collective showed the 3 systems tested to have a variable but overall promising performance with respect to sensitivity and the FP rate.
Movement analyses of wood cricket (Nemobius sylvestris) (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)
Authors: Brouwers N.C. , Newton A.C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractInformation on the dispersal ability of invertebrate species associated with woodland habitats is severely lacking. Therefore, a study was conducted examining the movement patterns of wood cricket (Nemobius sylvestris) (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) on the Isle of Wight, UK. Juvenile (i.e. nymphs) and adult wood crickets were released and observed over time within different ground surface substrates. Their movement paths were recorded and subsequently analysed using random walk models. Nymphs were found to move more slowly than adults did; and, when given a choice, both nymphs and adults showed a preference for moving through or over leaf litter compared to bare soil or grass. A correlated random walk (CRW) model accurately described the movement pattern of adult wood crickets through leaf litter, indicating a level of directional persistence in their movements. The estimated population spread through leaf litter for adults was 17.9 cm min−1. Movements of nymphs through leaf litter could not accurately be described by a random walk model, showing a change in their movement pattern over time from directed to more random movements. The estimated population spread through leaf litter for nymphs was 10.1 cm min−1. The results indicate that wood cricket adults can be considered as more powerful dispersers than nymphs; however, further analysis of how the insects move through natural heterogeneous environments at a range of spatio-temporal scales needs to be performed to provide a complete understanding of the dispersal ability of the species.
Genetic variation among Helicoverpa armigera populations as assessed by microsatellites: a cautionary tale about accurate allele scoring
Authors: Weeks A.R. , Endersby N.M. , Lange C.L. , Lowe A. , Zalucki M.P. , Hoffmann A.A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe existence of genetic differences among Australian populations of the pest moth Helicoverpa armigera based on microsatellite markers is contentious. To resolve this issue, we analyzed microsatellite variation in moth samples from multiple locations simultaneously in two laboratories that have previously reported contrasting patterns. Alleles and allele numbers detected in the laboratories differed, as did the genetic differences found between the samples. The automated scoring system used in one of the laboratories combined with non-denaturing polyacrylamide gels led to inaccurate identification of alleles and high FST values between the populations. However, H. armigera in Australia is probably not structured geographically, with high gene flow between populations. This influences management of H. armigera and the development of area-wide control options, as populations need to be considered as one panmictic unit. The results also highlight potential problems of automated scoring systems when these are not checked carefully.
Immature development and adult eclosion ofUfens principalisOwen (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), an egg parasitoid ofHomalodiscaspp. (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in southern California
Authors: Al-Wahaibi A.K. , Morse J.G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe biology of the immature stages and adult eclosion ofUfens principalisOwen, an important parasitoid ofHomalodiscaeggs in southern California, were studied. The duration of the egg, larval and pupal stages at 26.7°C were 0–1, 7 and 9 days, respectively. Sacciform larvae, which developed gregariously within host eggs, were motile until about five days of age, and then became sessile. Parasitized host eggs changed from whitish and soft when freshly-laid to yellow-orange and hard at five days and older. This change was accompanied by formation of septal walls separating the mature larvae and pupae. The rate of immature development had a strong positive linear relationship (R2=0.853,n=98) with temperatures in the range of 20.0–30.3°C. The theoretical minimum threshold for immature development was 13.5°C, and the required heat units were 241.0 degree-days. Adult eclosion from host eggs occurred mostly (85%) on the first two days of emergence. Although most females emerged during the morning hours (0600–1200 h), males tended to emerge earlier than females with equal emergence during the morning and late night hours (2400–0600 h). The rate of successful adult emergence was high (88%). The ratio of eclosed adults to the number of exit holes was 1.18, indicating that most adults tended to independently cut their exit holes. The number of exit holes had a strong negative relationship (R2=0.711,n=125) with exit hole size, suggesting that larger numbers of developing immatures per host egg result in an overall decrease in adult size.
Topical 5-fluorouracil for granular myringitis: a double-blinded study
Authors: Atef A M , Hamouda M M , Mohamed A H A , Fattah A F A 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackground:Granular myringitis is a poorly understood disease which causes considerable discomfort and concern to affected individuals. Some cases may progress to inflammatory obliteration of the deep ear canal. Treatment options are diverse, and no single accepted treatment modality exists. Local application of 5-fluorouracil has recently been trialled in the treatment of chronic otitis media, with promising results.Aim:To investigate the efficacy and safety of topical 5-fluorouracil in cases of granular myringitis.Methods:Sixty patients with granular myringitis were enrolled in this controlled, double-blinded study. Patients were divided randomly into two equal groups. Patients in the study group (n = 30) received three successive applications of topical 5-fluorouracil 5 per cent cream, with two-week intervals between treatments. Patients in the control group (n = 30) received only local petroleum jelly cream packing at the same intervals. Follow-up appointments were scheduled every two weeks for the first three months; patients were then seen again after two years for evaluation of any persistent disease. Outcome measures were: (1) after three months, symptomatic response to treatment (i.e. quantity of aural discharge as reported by patient) and change in the amount of granulation tissue (as assessed by the physician via endoscopic examination); and (2) persistent disease after two years.Results:There was a highly statistically significant difference in the studied outcomes, comparing the study and control groups.Conclusion:Local application of 5-fluorouracil is a new treatment method for granular myringitis. In this study, it proved safe and efficacious, with no serious local reactions or complications.
Functional status after total laryngectomy: cross-sectional survey of 79 laryngectomees using the Performance Status Scale for Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Oozeer N B , Owen S , Perez B Z , Jones G , Welch A R , Paleri V 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIntroduction:Total laryngectomy affects patients' post-operative speech and swallowing functions. We aimed to assess these outcomes.Materials and methods:Patients' normalcy of diet, ability to eat in public and speech comprehensibility were assessed using the Performance Status Scale for Head and Neck Cancer, in a cross-sectional survey of disease-free laryngectomees.Results and analysis:Seventy-nine laryngectomees (72 men and seven women), with a mean age of 64 years (range 37 to 96), were included. Mean scores were 81.6 (standard deviation 29.2) for normalcy of diet, 77.8 (standard deviation 30.2) for eating in public and 65.2 (standard deviation 23.5) for speech. Normalcy of diet achieved higher scores within six months of laryngectomy and remained stable. There was a statistically significant difference between scores for the speech and public eating domains, comparing patients less and more than six months post-laryngectomy. This trend was maintained beyond 12 months.Conclusions:In post-laryngectomy patients, Performance Status Scale for Head and Neck Cancer scores improved over time, especially those for the speech and public eating domains, reflecting increasing confidence in social interactions and familiarity with surgical voice restoration.
A non-traumatic, blue-purple auricle: case report
Authors: Sewnaik A , Kamarashev J , Peters N S , van Rijswijk J B 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObjective:We report a typical case of earlobe lymphocytoma.Method:A case report and literature review are presented.Results:A 10-year-old girl presented with a blue-coloured earlobe. A diagnosis of Lyme disease was confirmed by serological tests. Lyme borreliosis is the most common tick-borne disease in the northern hemisphere. It is caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. The patient was successfully treated with antibiotics.Conclusion:The diagnostic process and ENT symptomatology of Lyme disease and borrelial lymphocytoma are summarised and discussed.
Common carotid artery pseudoaneurysm formation following foreign body ingestion
Authors: Mathur N N , Joshi R R , Nepal A , Rauniyar R K 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObjective:To report an unusual case of pseudoaneurysm formation following ingestion of a thin wire.Method:Case report, including management, and review of the world literature concerning pseudoaneurysm and its management.Results:A 15-year-old boy presented as an emergency with a two-week history of painful swallowing, and a one-week history of a progressively enlarging, right-sided swelling of the lower neck. A foreign body had been ingested two weeks previously. Radiological investigation showed a pseudoaneurysm of the right common carotid artery. The neck was explored, the foreign body removed and the common carotid artery repaired. The patient was discharged on the 10th post-operative day without neurovascular complication.Conclusion:This is an unusual presentation of pseudoaneurysm of the common carotid artery following accidental ingestion of a foreign body, reported for its rarity and management.
Oncogenic osteomalacia in a patient with an ethmoid sinus tumour
Authors: Kurien R , Manipadam M T , Rupa V 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObjective:To highlight the clinical presentation and management of a rare case of oncogenic osteomalacia due to an ethmoid sinus tumour.Materials and methods:We examined the case records of a 55-year-old man who presented with progressive fatigue, weakness and bone pain, and noted the clinical presentation, laboratory investigations, computed tomography findings, operative notes and follow-up details.Conclusion:Oncogenic osteomalacia secondary to a paranasal sinus neoplasm is a rare entity. The causative tumour is often occult and may be missed by routine clinical examination. This case report illustrates the appropriate pattern of evaluation and management to ensure a successful outcome.
Radiofrequency coblation for treatment of advanced laryngotracheal recurrent respiratory papillomatosis
Authors: Carney A S , Evans A S , Mirza S , Psaltis A 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackground:A variety of treatment modalities are currently used to treat recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. We aimed to study the efficacy of radiofrequency cold ablation (coblation) for the treatment of laryngotracheal recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, by comparing treatment intervals for coblation and CO2 laser vaporisation.Method:Retrospective case series of adult patients with advanced laryngotracheal recurrent respiratory papillomatosis.Results:Six patients were treated for at least two years by CO2 laser vaporisation with or without intralesional cidofovir. All six subsequently underwent treatment with radiofrequency coblation with or without intralesional cidofovir. Coblation resulted in longer periods between interventions, compared with CO2 laser (p = 0.03).Conclusion:Radiofrequency coblation appears to be an attractive alternative technique to CO2 laser for the surgical treatment of advanced laryngotracheal papillomata.
Lorenz-like flows: exponential decay of correlations for the Poincaré map, logarithm law, quantitative recurrence
Authors: GALATOLO S. , PACIFICO MARIA JOSÉ 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn this paper we prove that the Poincaré map associated to a Lorenz-like flow has exponential decay of correlations with respect to Lipschitz observables. This implies that the hitting time associated to the flow satisfies a logarithm law. The hitting time τr(x,x0) is the time needed for the orbit of a point x to enter a ball Br(x0) centered at x0, with small radius r, for the first time. As the radius of the ball decreases to 0 its asymptotic behavior is a power law whose exponent is related to the local dimension of the physical measure at x0: for each x0 such that the local dimension dμ (x0) exists, holds for μ almost each x. In a similar way, it is possible to consider a quantitative recurrence indicator quantifying the speed of an orbit to come back to its starting point. Similar results hold for this recurrence indicator.
Task-priority motion planning of underactuated systems: an endogenous configuration space approach
Authors: Ratajczak Adam , Karpińska Joanna , Tchoń Krzysztof 
Published: December 2009

SUMMARYThis paper presents a task-priority motion planning algorithm for underactuated robotic systems. The motion planning algorithm combines two features: the idea of the task-priority control of redundant manipulators and the endogenous configuration space approach. This combination results in the algorithm which solves the primary motion planning task simultaneously with one or more secondary tasks ordered in accordance with decreasing priorities. The performance of the task-priority motion planning algorithm has been illustrated with computer simulations of the motion planning problem for a container ship.
Object movement in preschool children's word learning
Authors: SCOFIELD JASON , MILLER ANDREA , HARTIN TRAVIS 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTTwo studies examined whether preschool children preferred to select a moving object over stationary objects when determining the referent of a novel word. In both studies three- and four-year-olds observed three novel objects, one moving object and two stationary objects. In Study 1, children (n=44) were asked to select the object that best matched a novel word. In Study 2, children (n=45) were asked to select the object that best matched a novel fact. Results across the two studies indicated that three- and four-year-olds showed a preference for selecting the moving object and that this preference was similar for both words and facts. These results suggest that preschool children are able to use movement to determine the referent of a novel word, especially when other cues are unavailable or unhelpful, but that movement may not be uniquely helpful for word learning.