bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergency airway management: Training and experience of chief residents in otolaryngology and anesthesiology
Authors: Andrews James D. , Nocon Cheryl C. , Small Stephen M. , Pinto Jayant M. , Blair Elizabeth A. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackgroundResident training in emergency airway management is not well described. We quantified training and exposure to airway emergencies among graduating Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery and Anesthesiology residents.MethodsThe methods used for this study were a national web‐based survey of chief residents.ResultsThe response rate was 52% (otolaryngology) and 60% (anesthesiology). More otolaryngology residents rotated on anesthesiology than anesthesia residents on otolaryngology (33% vs 8%). More anesthesiology chiefs never performed an emergency surgical airway than otolaryngology (92% vs 18%). The most common self‐rating of competency was “9,” with 82% overall self‐rating “8” or higher (10 = “totally competent”).ConclusionOtolaryngology and anesthesiology emergency airway management experience/training is heterogeneous and nonstandardized. Many chief residents graduate with little exposure to airway emergencies, especially surgical airways. Resident confidence levels are high despite minimal experience. This high confidence‐low experience dichotomy may reflect novice overconfidence and suggests the need for improved training methods. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
inducTION of mage‐A3 and HPV‐16 immunity by Trojan vaccines in patients with head and neck carcinoma
Authors: Voskens Caroline J. , Sewell Duane , Hertzano Ronna , DeSanto Jennifer , Rollins Sandra , Lee Myounghee , Taylor Rodney , Wolf Jeffrey , Suntharalingam Mohan , Gastman Brian , Papadimitriou John C. , Lu Changwan , Tan Ming , Morales Robert , Cullen Kevin , Celis Esteban , Mann Dean , Strome Scott E. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackgroundWe performed a pilot study using Trojan vaccines in patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). These vaccines are composed of HLA‐I and HLA‐II restricted melanoma antigen E (MAGE)‐A3 or human papillomavirus (HPV)‐16 derived peptides, joined by furin‐cleavable linkers, and linked to a “penetrin” peptide sequence derived from HIV‐TAT. Thirty‐one patients with SCCHN were screened for the trial and 5 were enrolled.MethodsEnrolled patients were treated with 300 μg of Trojan peptide supplemented with Montanide and granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) at 4‐week intervals for up to 4 injections.ResultsFollowing vaccination, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 4 of 5 patients recognized both the full Trojan constructs and constituent HLA‐II peptides, whereas responses to HLA‐I restricted peptides were less pronounced.ConclusionThis treatment regimen seems to have acceptable toxicity and elicits measurable systemic immune responses against HLA‐II restricted epitopes in a subset of patients with advanced SCCHN. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Hydrology and geomorphology of the Upper White Nile lakes and their relevance for water resources management in the Nile basin
Authors: Bastawesy Mohammed El , Gabr Safwat , White Kevin 
Published: January 2012

AbstractRemote sensing data and digital elevation models were utilized to extract the catchment hydrological parameters and to delineate storage areas for the Ugandan Equatorial Lakes region. Available rainfall/discharge data are integrated with these morphometric data to construct a hydrological model that simulates the water balance of the different interconnected basins and enables the impact of potential management options to be examined. The total annual discharges of the basins are generally very low (less than 7% of the total annual rainfall). The basin of the shallow (5 m deep) Lake Kioga makes only a minor hydrological contribution compared with other Equatorial Lakes, because most of the overflow from Lake Victoria basin into Lake Kioga is lost by evaporation and evapotranspiration. The discharge from Lake Kioga could be significantly increased by draining the swamps through dredging and deepening certain channel reaches. Development of hydropower dams on the Equatorial Lakes will have an adverse impact on the annual water discharge downstream, including the occasional reduction of flow required for filling up to designed storage capacities and permanently increasing the surface areas of water that is exposed to evaporation. On the basis of modelling studies, alternative sites are proposed for hydropower development and water storage schemes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial and temporal variations of overland flow during rainfall events and in relation to catchment conditions
Authors: Orchard C. M. , Lorentz S. A. , Jewitt G. P. W. , Chaplot V. A. M. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractImproved knowledge on overland flow (OF) generation and its dynamics (i.e. spatial and temporal variations) is essential to understand catchment hydrology, a prerequisite for better water resources and soil management. In this study, our main objective was to quantify the dynamics of OF during rainfall events and to assess its main factors of control. The research study was undertaken in an agricultural 23‐ha catchment of a communal pasture in KwaZulu‐Natal (South Africa) experiencing Mediterranean climate and with variations of soil, topography and vegetation conditions. The dynamics of OF was evaluated during three rainfall seasons (2007 to 2010) by using 1 × 1‐m² microplots (n = 15) located at five landscape positions. At each location, a microplot was equipped with an automatic tipping bucket linked to a logger to estimate the delay between the start of the rain and the start of OF [i.e. the time to runoff initiation (TRI)]. Multivariate analysis was applied to the total OF and TRI data and the information on selected environmental factors (rainfall characteristics; soil type; soil clay content, Clay; proportion of the soil surface covered by vegetation, Cov; proportion of the soil surface covered by crusting, Crust; mean slope gradient, S; soil bulk density, ρb; soil water tension at different depths, SWT). The average OF rate over the 3‐year study period varied 2.3‐fold across the catchment (from 15% footslope to 35% backslope), whereas the average TRI varied by a 10.6‐fold factor (between 0.6 min at bottomland and 6.4 min at footslope). TRI temporal variations correlated the most with event duration (r = 0.8) and cumulative amount of rainfall since the onset of the rainy season (r = −0.47), whereas TRI spatial variations were controlled the most by Crust (−0.97 < r < −0.77). Ultimately, TRI spatial variations were modelled and mapped in an attempt to model OF dynamics over the entire microcatchment. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
NEU4L sialidase overexpression promotes β‐catenin signaling in neuroblastoma cells, enhancing stem‐like malignant cell growth
Authors: Tringali Cristina , Cirillo Federica , Lamorte Giuseppe , Papini Nadia , Anastasia Luigi , Lupo Barbara , Silvestri Ilaria , Tettamanti Guido , Venerando Bruno 
Published: January 2012

AbstractNeuroblastoma (NB) is a frequently lethal tumor that occurs in childhood and originates from embryonic neural crest cells. The malignant and aggressive phenotype of NB is strictly related to the deregulation of pivotal pathways governing the proliferation/differentiation status of neural crest precursor cells, such as MYCN, Delta/Notch and Wnt/β‐catenin (CTNNB1) signaling. In this article, we demonstrate that sialidase NEU4 long (NEU4L) influences the differentiation/proliferation behavior of NB SK‐N‐BE cells by determining hyperactivation of the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway. NEU4L overexpression in SK‐N‐BE cells induced significant increases in active, nonphosphorylated β‐catenin content, β‐catenin/TCF transcriptional activity and β‐catenin gene target expression including MYCN, MYC, CCND2 (cyclin D2) and CDC25A. In turn, these molecular features strongly modified the behavior of NEU4L SK‐N‐BE overexpressing cells, promoting the following: (1) an enhanced proliferation rate, mainly due to a faster transition from G1 to S phase in the cell cycle; (2) a more undifferentiated cell phenotype, which was similar to stem‐like NB cells and possibly mediated by an increase of the expression of the pluripotency genes, MYC, NANOG, OCT‐4, CD133 and NES (nestin); (3) the failure of NB cell differentiation after serum withdrawal. The molecular link between NEU4L and Wnt/β‐catenin signaling appeared to rely most likely on the capability of the enzyme to modify the sialylation level of cell glycoproteins. These findings could provide a new candidate for therapeutic treatment.
Optical imaging of MMP expression and cancer progression in an inflammation‐induced colon cancer model
Authors: Lee Chang‐Moon , Jang DooRye , Cheong Su‐Jin , Jeong Min‐Hee , Kim Eun‐Mi , Kim Dong Wook , Lim Seok Tae , Sohn Myung‐Hee , Jeong Hwan‐Jeong 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to use a near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescent cyclic His‐Try‐Gly‐Phe peptide to characterize and image the expressions of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which are correlated with cancer promotion, in an inflammation‐induced colorectal cancer (ICRC) model. We explored the relationship between the development of colon cancer and the expression of MMPs at the same colonic sites in ICRC models. To develop ICRC models, mice were administered a single intraperitoneal dose (10 mg/kg) of azoxymethane (AOM) and exposed orally to 2% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) for one week. MMP‐2 expression and β‐catenin activation in colonic lesions were characterized by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. After being treated with inducers for some time, cancerous lesions were found to express high β‐catenin and MMP‐2. The profiles of MMP expression were correlated with β‐catenin activation in the colonic lesions. c(KAHWGFTLD)NH2 (C6) peptide was prepared by standard Fmoc peptide synthesis to target MMPs. Molecular weight of Cy5.5‐C6 was 1,954.78 g/mol (calculated MW = 1955.23 g/mol). The in vitro characterization of Cy5.5‐C6 showed MMP binding specificity in a cell experiment. In vivo NIRF imaging showed high accumulation of Cy5.5‐C6 in tumors with associated expression of MMP‐2 in colonic lesions after intravenous injection. The MMP‐2 specificity of Cy5.5‐C6 was confirmed by successful inhibition of probe uptake in the tumor due to the presence of excess C6 peptide. The use of Cy5.5‐C6 to target MMP‐2 has the potential to be developed into an effective molecular imaging agent to monitor ICRC progress.
Colorectal serrated adenocarcinoma shows a different profile of oncogene mutations, MSI status and DNA repair protein expression compared to conventional and sporadic MSI‐H carcinomas
Authors: García‐Solano J. , Conesa‐Zamora P. , Carbonell P. , Trujillo‐Santos J. , Torres‐Moreno D D. , Pagán‐Gómez I. , Rodríguez‐Braun E. , Pérez‐Guillermo M. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractMolecular characterization has been extensively studied in serrated polyps but very little is known in serrated adenocarcinomas (SACs). We analyzed the incidence of KRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA mutations, microsatellite instability (MSI) status and loss of the DNA repair proteins MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and MGMT in a series of 89 SAC, 81 matched conventional carcinomas (CC) and 13 sporadic colorectal cancer showing histological and molecular features of high‐level MSI (sMSI‐H). Our results demonstrate that KRAS are more prevalent than BRAF mutations in SAC (42.7% vs. 25.8%; p = 0.011) being the KRAS‐mutated cases even more abundant in SAC displaying adjacent serrated adenomas (51%). G12D and E545K are the most common KRAS and PIK3CA mutations found in SAC, respectively. SAC show higher frequency of MGMT loss compared to CC (50.6% vs. 25.3%; p = 0.001) especially in distal colon/rectum (60.0% vs. 21.6%; p = 0.0009). SAC differ from sMSI‐H in terms of KRAS and BRAF mutation prevalence, MSI status and MLH1 expression (p = 0.0003, p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, p < 0.001, respectively). SACs are more often KRAS‐mutated and microsatellite stable and display different molecular and immunohistochemical characteristics compared to CC and sMSI‐H.
Targeting the enhancer of zeste homologue 2 in medulloblastoma
Authors: Alimova Irina , Venkataraman Sujatha , Harris Peter , Marquez Victor E. , Northcott Paul A. , Dubuc Adrian , Taylor Michael D. , Foreman Nicholas K. , Vibhakar Rajeev 
Published: January 2012

AbstractEnhancer of zeste homologue 2 (EZH2) is the catalytic subunit of Polycomb repressive complex 2 that catalyzes the trimethylation of histone H3 on Lys 27, and represses gene transcription. EZH2 enhances cancer‐cell proliferation and regulates stem cell maintenance and differentiation. Here, we demonstrate that EZH2 is highly expressed in medulloblastoma, a highly malignant brain tumor of childhood, and this altered expression is correlated with genomic gain of chromosome 7 in a subset of medulloblastoma. Inhibition of EZH2 by RNAi suppresses medulloblastoma tumor cell growth. We show that 3‐deazaneplanocin A, a chemical inhibitor of EZH2, can suppress medulloblastoma cell growth partially by inducing apoptosis. Suppression of EZH2 expression diminishes the ability of tumor cells to form spheres in culture and strongly represses the ability of known oncogenes to transform neural stem cells. These findings establish a role of EZH2 in medulloblastoma and identify EZH2 as a potential therapeutic target especially in high‐risk tumors.
Psychological factors unrelated to activity level in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain
Authors: Helmus M. , Schiphorst Preuper H.R. , Hof A.L. , Geertzen J.H.B. , Reneman M.F. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackgroundEnhancement of physical activities is an important goal in rehabilitation programmes for patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP). A relationship between activity level and psychological factors is suggested but studied scarcely.AimTo explore the relationship between the activity level and psychological factors in patients withCMP.MethodsStudy design is cross‐sectional, explorative. Participants are patients withCMP, included for outpatient multidisciplinary pain rehabilitation.MeasuresActivity level was measured by theRT3 accelerometer during 1 week; pain intensity was measured with a 100‐mm visual analogue scale; depression, somatization and distress were measured withSymptomChecklist‐90‐Revised (SCL‐90‐R), coping strategy with theUtrechtCopingList (UCL, scales active coping, passive coping, avoiding), fear of movement measured withTampaScale ofKinesiophobia (TSK), scale activity avoidance. Depending on data distribution, correlations between the mean number of activity counts and psychological factors were tested withPearson orSpearman correlation coefficients.ResultsFifty three patients were included: age mean 39.9 years [standard deviation (SD) 11.3]; activity counts per day mean 198,243 (SD78,000); pain intensity mean 58 (SD27.7);SCL‐90‐Rmean 149.4 (SD42.5);UCLactive coping mean 17.9 (SD3.7);UCLpassive coping mean 12.3 (SD3.7);UCLavoiding mean 15.3 (SD3.0);TSKtotal mean 35.4 (SD7.4);TSKactivity avoidance mean 16.9SD(4.7). Correlations between psychological factors and the mean number of activity counts per day ranged from r = –0.27 to r = 0.01 and were all non‐significant (p ≥ 0.05).ConclusionPsychological factors and activity level were unrelated in patients withCMP.
In vivo evaluation of defined polished titanium surfaces to prevent soft tissue adhesion
Authors: Hayes Jessica S. , Welton Joanne L. , Wieling Ronald , Richards R. Geoff 
Published: January 2012

AbstractSoft tissue‐implant adhesion is often required for implant integration into the body; however, in some situations, the tissue is required to glide freely over an implant. In the case of distal radius fracture treatment, current literature describes how titanium and its alloys tend to lead to more intra‐tendon inflammatory reactions compared with stainless steel. This leads to tendon‐implant adhesion and damage possibly causing limited palmar flexion and even tendon rupture. The goal of this study was to analyze the effect of different surface polishings of titanium and titanium molybdenum implants on soft tissue reactions in vivo, with the aim to prevent direct soft tissue adhesion. Using a nonfracture model, to allow for study of the soft‐tissue‐implant surface interactions only, six surface variants of the same plate design were implanted onto the tibia of 24 New Zealand white rabbits and left in situ for 12 weeks. Results indicate that paste polished commercially pure titanium and titanium molybdenum alloy had the least soft tissue adhesion, with the concomitant development of a soft tissue capsule. Surface topography did not appear influence the thickness of the connective tissue surrounding the plate. Therefore, suitable surface polishing could be applied to plates for clinical use, where free gliding of tissues is required. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.
Inflammatory markers and the risk of hip fracture: The women's health initiative
Authors: Barbour Kamil E , Boudreau Robert , Danielson Michelle E , Youk Ada O , Wactawski-Wende Jean , Greep Nancy C , LaCroix Andrea Z , Jackson Rebecca D , Wallace Robert B , Bauer Douglas C , Allison Matthew A , Cauley Jane A 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Cytokines play a major role in bone remodeling in vitro and in animal models, with evidence supporting the involvement of inflammatory markers in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. However, less is known about the longitudinal association of inflammatory markers with hip fracture. We tested whether high receptor levels of proinflammatory cytokines are associated with an increased risk of hip fracture in older women. We used a nested case-control study design from the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study (WHI-OS) and selected 400 cases with physician-adjudicated incident hip fractures and 400 controls matched on age, race, and date of blood draw. Participants were chosen from 39,795 postmenopausal women without previous hip fractures, not using estrogens or other bone-active therapies. Incident hip fractures (median follow-up 7.1 years) were verified by review of radiographs and confirmed by blinded central adjudicators. Hip fractures with a pathological cause were excluded. In multivariable models, the risk of hip fracture for subjects with the highest levels of inflammatory markers (quartile 4) compared with those with lower levels (quartiles 1, 2, and 3) was 1.43 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.98–2.07) for interleukin-6 (IL-6) soluble receptor (SR), 1.40 (95% CI, 0.97–2.03) for tumor necrosis factor (TNF) SR1, and 1.56 (95% CI, 1.09–2.22) for TNF SR2. In subjects with all three markers in the highest quartile, the risk ratio of fracture was 2.76 (95% CI, 1.22–6.25) in comparison with subjects with 0 or 1 elevated marker(s) (p trend = 0.018). Elevated levels of inflammatory markers for all three cytokine-soluble receptors were associated with an increased risk of hip fractures in older women. Future clinical trials should test whether interventions to decrease inflammatory marker levels reduces hip fractures. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Novel extraneural role of neurite outgrowth inhibitor A: Modulation of osteoclastogenesis via positive feedback regulation of nuclear factor of activated T cell cytoplasmic 1
Authors: Lee Youngkyun , Kim Hyung Joon , Park Cheol Kyu , Kim Woo-Shin , Lee Zang Hee , Kim Hong-Hee 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Osteoclasts are bone-resorbing cells differentiated from macrophage/monocyte lineage precursors upon receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) stimulation. In a proteomic approach to identify proteins involved in osteoclastogenesis, we observed a dramatic increase in the expression of neurite outgrowth inhibitor A (Nogo-A) upon RANKL stimulation of mouse bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) in a nuclear factor of activated T cell cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1)-dependent manner. The knockdown of Nogo-A in BMMs significantly reduced RANKL-dependent osteoclast differentiation accompanied by diminished NFATc1 induction, suggesting that a positive feedback mechanism is involved. Conversely, Nogo-A overexpression in BMMs as well as in RAW264.7 macrophages greatly augmented osteoclastogenesis, with concomitant increase in the NFATc1 induction. Both the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and calcium oscillation, which are central to RANKL-dependent NFATc1 activation and induction, were enhanced by Nogo-A. Finally, Nogo-A knockdown in mouse calvariae prevented interleukin 1 (IL-1)-induced bone loss. These findings not only reveal an unprecedented extraneural role of Nogo-A in osteoclastogenesis but also suggest a novel drug target against bone-lytic diseases. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
The protective effect of aminoguanidine on doxorubicin‐induced nephropathy in rats
Authors: Abo‐Salem Osama M. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractReactive oxygen species and cytokines have been implicated in the nephrotoxicity induced by doxorubicin. The goal of the present study was to determine protective effect of aminoguanidine on doxorubicin‐induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Different groups of male Wistar rats received doxorubicin (67.75 mg/kg/i.p./2 days), aminoguanidine alone and aminoguanidine (200 and 400 mg/kg/i.p./30 days) prior to doxorubicin, respectively. Doxorubicin significantly increased serum creatinine (505%), blood urea nitrogen (333%), nitric oxide (406%), and plasma tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (706%) as well as urinary albumin (452%) and N‐acetyl‐β‐d‐glucosaminidase (415%) compared to control. Moreover, renal glutathione (334%), superoxide dismutase (283%), and catalase (513%) were significantly reduced accompanied with elevation in renal malondialdehyde compared to control. Pretreatment with aminoguanidine mitigated such changes in all mentioned parameters. Histopathological changes showed that doxorubicin‐caused significant structural damages to kidneys that were reduced with aminoguanidine. Results indicate that reactive oxygen species and cytokines are involved in doxorubicin‐induced nephrotoxicity, which can be reduced by aminoguanidine. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 26:1–9 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.20422