bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A fast BE‐FE coupling scheme for partly immersed bodies
Authors: Brunner Dominik , Of Günther , Junge Michael , Steinbach Olaf , Gaul Lothar 
Published: July 2009

AbstractFluid–structure coupled problems are investigated to predict the vibro‐acoustic behavior of submerged bodies. The finite element method is applied for the structural part, whereas the boundary element method is used for the fluid domain. The focus of this paper is on partly immersed bodies. The fluid problem is favorably modeled by a half‐space formulation. This way, the Dirichlet boundary condition on the free fluid surface is incorporated by a half‐space fundamental solution. A fast multipole implementation is presented for the half‐space problem. In case of a high density of the fluid, the forces due to the acoustic pressure, which act on the structure, cannot be neglected. Thus, a strong coupling scheme is applied. An iterative solver is used to handle the coupled system. The efficiency of the proposed approach is discussed using a realistic model problem. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unconstrained plastering—Hexahedral mesh generation via advancing‐front geometry decomposition
Authors: Staten Matthew L. , Kerr Robert A. , Owen Steven J. , Blacker Ted D. , Stupazzini Marco , Shimada Kenji 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe generation of all‐hexahedral finite element meshes has been an area of ongoing research for the past two decades and remains an open problem. Unconstrained plastering is a new method for generating all‐hexahedral finite element meshes on arbitrary volumetric geometries. Starting from an unmeshed volume boundary, unconstrained plastering generates the interior mesh topology without the constraints of a pre‐defined boundary mesh. Using advancing fronts, unconstrained plastering forms partially defined hexahedral dual sheets by decomposing the geometry into simple shapes, each of which can be meshed with simple meshing primitives. By breaking from the tradition of previous advancing‐front algorithms, which start from pre‐meshed boundary surfaces, unconstrained plastering demonstrates that for the tested geometries, high quality, boundary aligned, orientation insensitive, all‐hexahedral meshes can be generated automatically without pre‐meshing the boundary. Examples are given for meshes from both solid mechanics and geotechnical applications. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An implicit upwinding volume element method based on meshless radial basis function techniques for modelling transport phenomena
Authors: Orsini P. , Power H. , Morvan H. , Lees M. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis work presents a control volume (CV) method for transient transport problems where the cell surface fluxes are reconstructed using local interpolation functions that besides interpolating the nodal values of the field variable, also satisfies the governing equation at some auxiliary points in the interpolation stencils. The interpolation function relies on a Hermitian radial basis function (HRBF) meshless collocation approach to find the solution of auxiliary local boundary/initial value problems, that are solved using the same time‐integration scheme adopted to update the global CV solution. By the use of interpolation functions that approximate the governing equation a form of analytical upwinding scheme is achieved, without the need of using predefined interpolation stencils according to the magnitude and direction of the local advective velocity. In this way, the interpolation formula retains the desired information about the advective velocity field allowing the use of centrally defined stencils even in the cases of advective dominant problems. This new CV approach is referred to as the CV‐HRBF method. Two time‐stepping formulations are considered: a full implicit approach and the weighted Crank–Nicholson one. The implicit upwinding scheme, intrinsic to the proposed CV‐HRBF, is tested by solving a travelling front problem at the Péclet number equal to 500, 1000 and infinity; with the latter corresponding to a shock front. Finally, the accuracy of the numerical method is validated against one‐ and three‐dimensional reactive transport problems characterized by smooth solutions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Disentangling the Harrisson archive to interpret the spatial and temporal distribution of vertebrate remains at Niah Caves, Sarawak
Authors: Piper P. J. , Rabett R. J. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractDuring the 1950s and 1960s, excavations by the Sarawak Museum at Niah Cave in northwest Borneo produced an enormous archive of records and artefacts, including in excess of 750,000 macro‐ and micro‐vertebrate remains. The excellent state of preservation of the animal bone, dating from the Late Pleistocene (c. 40 kya) to as recently as c. 500 years ago had the potential to provide unparalleled zooarchaeological information about early hunter‐gatherer resource procurement, temporal changes in subsistence patterning, and the impact of peoples on the local and regional environment in Island Southeast Asia. However, the coarse‐grained methods of excavation employed during the original investigations and the sheer scale of the archaeological record and bone assemblages dissuaded many researchers from attempting to tackle the Niah archives. This paper outlines how important information on the nature of the archaeological record at Niah has now finally been extracted from the archive using a combination of zooarchaeological analysis and reference to the extensive archaeological records from the site. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hunting in a tropical rainforest: evidence from the Terminal Pleistocene at Lobang Hangus, Niah Caves, Sarawak
Authors: Piper P. J. , Rabett R. J. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe Terminal Pleistocene zooarchaeological evidence from Lobang Hangus, an east‐facing entrance to the Niah Cave complex, provides unique insights into the hunting habits of the human inhabitants of this cave. The composition and structure of the vertebrate accumulation indicates that a variety of locally available terrestrial, arboreal and aquatic taxa were being exploited. The age structure of the principal predated species, the presence of bone points and evidence from modern rainforest hunting combine to suggest that some form of projectile weaponry as well as trapping technologies were probably being employed by the hunters at Niah before the end of the Pleistocene. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raptor and owl bone from Niah Caves, Sarawak: identifications and morphological variation in the humerus and tarsometatarsus of selected raptors
Authors: Stimpson C. M. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis paper reports on the findings of a preliminary investigation of raptor (Accipitriformes) and owl (Strigiformes) bones recovered during the original archaeological investigations of the Niah Caves during the 1950s and 1960s. Observations of morphological characteristics that were utilised to distinguish humeri and tarsometatarsi of selected species are included. A total of 48 archaeological specimens were identified, representing five genera of Accipitridae (Order Accipitriformes) and two genera of Strigidae (Order Strigiformes). Forty‐four specimens were further identified to species (Accipitriformes, four species; Strigiformes, three species) including a Late Pleistocene record of the bathawk (Machieramphus alcinus) dated to 36 470 ± 250 (uncal.) bp. Modern representatives of all identified species have been recorded recently in Sarawak. The relevance of raptors and owls in the palaeoecological reconstruction of this site is discussed, and the potential role of these birds as taphonomic agents is considered. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perimortem trauma in the Atacama Desert and social violence during the late Formative period (2500–1700 years BP)
Authors: Standen V. G. , Arriaza B. T. , Santoro C. M. , Romero Á. , Rothhammer F. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis paper describes a case of a mass grave containing three naturally mummified adults with multiple traumas to the skeletal and soft tissues, buried in an isolated and informal grave in one of the valleys that traverses the Atacama Desert, north of Chile. These traumas do not appear to be indicative of post‐depositional alterations. Instead, we hypothesise that the observed marks correspond to lethal perimortem trauma, the result of acts of extreme violence brought to bear on the three individuals. Three radiocarbon dates from the site identify that the burial occurred circa 2000 BP in the Azapa Valley, which corresponds to an epoch of important cultural changes linked to the development of farming communities that broke away from an ancient marine hunter–gatherer cultural tradition. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Control problems with surfaces triggering jumps in the state variables
Authors: Seierstad Atle , Stabrun Sigve D. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBy means of some simple examples from economics, we elucidate certain solution tools for the solution of optimal control problems where the system under study undergoes major changes when certain boundaries are crossed. The ‘major changes’ may be that the state jumps when crossing a boundary, or that the right‐hand side of the differential equation changes. Some theoretical results are also presented. In Appendix more or less sketchy proofs of these results are given. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vaccination guidelines for children with cancer and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation living in resource‐poor countries
Authors: Naqvi Ahmed , Fadoo Zehra , Alvi Saima 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThere is no consensus on the immunization guidelines for immunocompromised children. Some recommendations are, however, available for children living in developed countries. The spectrum of infectious diseases is different in resource‐poor countries. Vaccinations against some of these infections are not a part of the immunization schedule for children living in developed countries. We have tried to include vaccinations against diseases, which are still prevalent and a major cause of morbidity and mortality in resource‐poor countries. In these guidelines, the focus has been on the vaccine‐preventable diseases prevalent in Pakistan but the same can be applied to other resource‐poor countries. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010; 54:3–7. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Humoral immunity to diphtheria, tetanus, measles, and hemophilus influenzae type b in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and response to re‐vaccination
Authors: Zengin Emine , Sarper Nazan 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjectiveLoss of immunity to previous vaccination and timing of re‐vaccination in children receiving chemotherapy remains controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunity to vaccine preventable diseases in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).ProcedureSixty‐one patients with ALL and 13 healthy siblings were enrolled. Three study groups included newly diagnosed patients (group 1), patients on maintenance chemotherapy (group 2), and patients that completed chemotherapy (group 3). Blood samples for baseline antibody titers were obtained from all the patients and controls. Patients in group 2 were vaccinated with diphtheria, tetanus, and hemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). Patients in group 3 and controls received the measles vaccine in addition to all the above vaccines. In groups 2 and 3, post‐vaccination antibody titers were also obtained.ResultsPatients and controls had no Hib vaccine during primary vaccination. After chemotherapy median antibody levels against diphtheria, tetanus, measles, and Hib were decreased but tetanus antibodies were still at the protective levels. Proportions of the patients with protective levels were 11.1%, 83.3%, 16.7%, and 16.7% for diphtheria, tetanus, Hib, and measles, respectively. Vaccination achieved protective antibody levels in 81%, 100%, 89.5%, and 70% of the patients for diphtheria, tetanus, Hib, and measles, respectively. Vaccine responses during maintenance were also satisfying.ConclusionWe recommend re‐vaccination after 3 months of cessation of chemotherapy. Administration of Hib vaccine may be beneficial after the first 3 months of maintenance chemotherapy especially in children with no primary vaccination followed by a second booster dose after cessation of therapy to increase immunity. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;53:967–972. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Varied opinions on thrombolysis for venous thromboembolism in infants and children: Findings from a survey of pediatric hematology–oncology specialists
Authors: Yee Donald L. , Chan Anthony K.C. , Williams Suzan , Goldenberg Neil A. , Massicotte M. Patricia , Raffini Leslie J. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackgroundRecent guidelines discourage routine use of thrombolytic agents for treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in pediatric patients, but actual practice patterns are unknown.ProcedureAn electronic survey was emailed to all active and trainee members of the American Society of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology in April 2008. Respondents were asked a series of multiple‐choice questions based on hypothetical case scenarios describing pediatric VTE, pertinent to the implementation of thrombolytic therapy and other professional demographic information.ResultsTwo hundred eighty‐five evaluable responses were obtained (22% response rate) which varied greatly with respect to all spheres of questioning. Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) was the thrombolytic agent chosen by most respondents, but no clear consensus emerged as to appropriate indications (although preference for thrombolytic therapy increased with severity of the posed clinical scenario), mode of tPA delivery (systemic vs. catheter‐directed), dose (high‐dose vs. low‐dose regimen) or a suitable maximum duration of therapy (range: 1–168 hr; varied according to specific dosing regimen chosen). Expertise in pediatric thrombosis, years out from fellowship training and volume of experience with cases of pediatric thrombosis were not largely associated with respondent choices; however, institutional experience with pharmacologic thrombolysis exhibited the most notable association of the professional demographic factors analyzed.ConclusionsThe survey results support that clinical practice pertaining to use of thrombolytic agents in pediatric VTE varies widely but also provide useful benchmarks to aid clinical decision‐making and future clinical trial design. Such varied practices stem from the lack of strong evidence supporting one therapeutic approach versus another. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;53:960–966. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
NMR and UPLC‐qTOF‐MS/MS characterisation of novel phenylethanol derivatives of phenylpropanoid glucosides from the leaves of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa cv. Jonsok)
Authors: Hanhineva Kati , Soininen Pasi , Anttonen Mikko J. , Kokko Harri , Rogachev Ilana , Aharoni Asaph , Laatikainen Reino , Kärenlampi Sirpa 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIntroductionStrawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) is rich in polyphenols, particularly anthocyanins, flavonols, condensed tannins and ellagic tannins. In addition to the fruits, the leaves of strawberry also contain a wide range of phenolic compound classes, but have not been investigated to the same extent as the fruit.ObjectiveTo characterise a metabolite group present in the leaves of strawberry, that was not amenable for identification based on earlier information available in the literature.MethodologyMethanolic extracts of strawberry leaves were analysed by UPLC‐qTOF‐MS/MS and iterative quantum mechanical NMR spectral analysis.ResultsThe structures of phenylethanol derivatives of phenylpropanoid glucosides Eutigoside A (
F4) and its two isomeric forms 2‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)ethyl‐[6‐O‐(Z)‐coumaroyl]‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside (
F6) and 4‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)phenyl‐[6‐O‐(e)‐coumaroyl]‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside (
F1) were resolved by NMR and UPLC‐qTOF‐MS/MS. In addition, two other derivatives of phenylpropanoid glucosides similar to Eutigoside A but possessing different phenolic acid moieties, namely Grayanoside A (
F5) and 2‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)ethyl‐[6‐O‐(e)‐caffeoyl]‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside (
F14), were similarly identified. Also, accurate characteristic coupling constants for the subunits are reported and their usefulness in structural analysis is highlighted.ConclusionChemical analysis of the leaves of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa cv. Jonsok) resulted in the identification of a compound class, phenylethanol derivatives of phenylpropanoid glycosides, not previously found in strawberry. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Treatment options for type 2 diabetes:introducing the incretin‐based therapies
Authors: Barnett AH 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), glycaemic control is often difficult to maintain and current treatments can produce adverse effects. The incretin‐based therapies—dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) agonists—improve glycaemic control when added to conventional therapies and are well tolerated, with a low incidence of hypoglycaemia. In addition, the GLP‐1 agonists reduce body weight and systolic blood pressure and improve surrogates of β‐cell function. Incretin‐based therapies may be appropriate for selected patients with T2DM when first‐line therapy does not maintain glycaemic control, particularly where weight gain or hypoglycaemia are a concern. Copyright ©2009 John Wiley & Sons.
ABCD position statement on incretin mimetics and DPP‐4 inhibitors ‐2009
Authors: Edwards CMB , Winocour PH 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe Association of British Clinical Diabetologists (ABCD) currently recommends a limited place for exenatide and the gliptins in obese type 2 diabetes. Exenatide requires careful patient selection and continued specialist support, particularly to avoid initiation in individuals at risk of pancreatitis or for those who are already on insulin therapy. Hypoglycaemic and weight reduction efficacy may vary depending on baseline levels of HbA1c and body mass index. Continuation of therapy beyond six months should be determined by changes in weight and/or HbA1c. Gliptins should be reserved for less obese, less hyperglycaemic cases than those considered for exenatide, assuming normal hepatorenal function, and where sulphonylureas and glitazones are inappropriate. Gliptin therapy should only continue beyond six months if HbA1c levels fall by at least 0.5%. Copyright ©2009 John Wiley & Sons.
Quality of diabetes care in India, China, Brazil, Mexico and Russia
Authors: Strock ES , Mazze RS 
Published: July 2009

AbstractEmploying US national standards, baseline data for type 2 diabetes were collected in India, China, Brazil, Mexico and Russia prior to Staged Diabetes Management implementation.In all, 5507 patients (India 2778, China 489, Brazil 1106, Mexico 925, and Russia 209) were evaluated. No site sample met the US standard for HbA1c or blood pressure. China, India and Mexico achieved criteria for LDL ≥ 130 mg/dL. Post‐programme data from Russian sites showed significant improvement in HbA1c (p < 0.00001). In Brazil a trend toward improvement in blood pressure and blood glucose was also noted.Assessing current diabetes care employing US national criteria can serve as a benchmark for interventions to improve diabetes care. Collecting follow‐up data measures programme impact and identifies areas requiring further intervention. Copyright ©2009 John Wiley & Sons.
Free‐energy function based on an all‐atom model for proteins
Authors: Yoshidome Takashi , Oda Koji , Harano Yuichi , Roth Roland , Sugita Yuji , Ikeguchi Mitsunori , Kinoshita Masahiro 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe have developed a free‐energy function based on an all‐atom model for proteins. It comprises two components, the hydration entropy (HE) and the total dehydration penalty (TDP). Upon a transition to a more compact structure, the number of accessible configurations arising from the translational displacement of water molecules in the system increases, leading to a water‐entropy gain. To fully account for this effect, the HE is calculated using a statistical‐mechanical theory applied to a molecular model for water. The TDP corresponds to the sum of the hydration energy and the protein intramolecular energy when a fully extended structure, which possesses the maximum number of hydrogen bonds with water molecules and no intramolecular hydrogen bonds, is chosen as the standard one. When a donor and an acceptor (e.g., N and O, respectively) are buried in the interior after the break of hydrogen bonds with water molecules, if they form an intramolecular hydrogen bond, no penalty is imposed. When a donor or an acceptor is buried with no intramolecular hydrogen bond formed, an energetic penalty is imposed. We examine all the donors and acceptors for backbone‐backbone, backbone‐side chain, and side chain‐side chain intramolecular hydrogen bonds and calculate the TDP. Our free‐energy function has been tested for three different decoy sets. It is better than any other physics‐based or knowledge‐based potential function in terms of the accuracy in discriminating the native fold from misfolded decoys and the achievement of high Z‐scores. Proteins 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chemical and antioxidant evaluation of Indian gooseberry (emblica officinalis gaertn., syn. phyllanthus emblica L.) supplements
Authors: Poltanov Eugeny A. , Shikov Alexander N. , Dorman H. J. Damien , Pozharitskaya Olga N. , Makarov Valery G. , Tikhonov Vladimir P. , Hiltunen Raimo 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIndian gooseberry (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) (Euphorbiaceae) has a distinguished history in Ayurveda medicine and is ascribed a number of medicinal properties and as a dietary supplement, its use is increasing in Western countries. It is thought that its beneficial properties are a function of its antioxidant potency. The study investigated the chemistry and antioxidant properties of four commercial E. officinalis fruit extracts in order to determine if there are any qualitative–quantitative differences. All extracts produced positive responses in the total phenol, total flavonoid and total tannin assays. The presence of predominantly (poly)phenolic analytes, e.g. ellagic and gallic acids and corilagin, was confirmed by RP‐HPLC coupled with photodiode array detection. Despite ascorbic acid being a major constituent of E. officinalis fruits, the furanolactone could not be identified in one of the samples. The extracts demonstrated varying degrees of antioxidative efficacy. The extract designated IG‐3 was consistently amongst the most effective extracts in the iron(III) reduction and 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl and superoxide anion radical scavenging assays while the extract designated IG‐1 demonstrated the best hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. All extracts appeared to be incapable of chelating iron(II) at realistic concentrations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.