bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Analysis of the Magnet Effect under Price Limits*
Authors: YAN DU DAPHNE , LIU QIANQIU , RHEE S. GHON 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTUsing the Korea Stock Exchange's transaction data and limit order book, we document the accelerating patterns of market activity before limit hits. We confirm the existence of the magnet effect from several key market microstructure variables, using a parsimonious quadratic function of the time until the price limit hit. In addition, this paper is the first to isolate the intraday momentum effect from the magnet effect during the period before stock prices hit daily price limits.
Effects of topical gluco‐oligosaccharide and collagen tripeptide F in the treatment of sensitive atopic skin
Authors: Berardesca E. , Abril E. , Serio M. , Cameli N. 
Published: June 2009

SynopsisSensitive skin is a dermatological problem of increasing incidence in western countries and is sometimes associated with atopic condition and bacterial sovrainfection. The purpose of this study is to evaluate in a double blind, randomized, placebo controlled trial the efficacy of gluco‐oligosaccharide and collagen tripeptide F in controlling the signs and symptoms of sensitive atopic skin. Forty female subjects (age, 30–59 years) affected by non‐lesional atopic sensitive skin entered the study. Skin sensitivity was determined by a dermatologist on the basis of medical history, stinging test, dermatological examination and a questionnaire. A treatment with the test products (active and placebo) was carried out for 4 weeks. Measurements and clinical evaluation were carried out at baseline and at the end of the study. The following objective parameters investigated were bacterial count, skin pH and colour, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), stratum corneum hydration, skin roughness and mechanical properties. Clinical assessment included also a scoring system for dryness, desquamation, irritation, erythema and papules. Significant differences were found in the active treated group when compared with the placebo and in particular for instrumental parameters of roughness (P < 0.02), volume (P < 0.01), TEWL (P < 0.02), erythema (P < 0.0006) and clinical parameters of dryness, desquamation and irritation (P < 0.001). Moisturization levels and skin colour improved significantly in both the active and placebo groups. In conclusion, the study shows that the modulation of bacterial proliferation and normalization of skin barrier properties and stratum corneum moisturization can improve the symptoms of sensitive skin.
Bathing and cleansing in newborns from day 1 to first year of life: recommendations from a European round table meeting
Authors: Blume‐Peytavi U , Cork MJ , Faergemann J , Szczapa J , Vanaclocha F , Gelmetti C 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBackground  Development of the skin barrier continues up to 12 months after birth; therefore, care must be taken when cleansing and bathing infants’ skin. Available guidelines for skin care in newborns are, however, limited. In 2007, the 1st European Round Table meeting on ‘Best Practice for Infant Cleansing’ was held, at which a panel of expert dermatologists and paediatricians from across Europe aimed to provide a consensus on infant bathing and cleansing.Outcomes  Based on discussions at the meeting and a comprehensive literature review, the panel developed a series of recommendations relating to several aspects of infant skin care, including initial and routine bathing, safety while bathing, and post‐bathing procedures. The panel also focused on the use of liquid cleansers in bathing, particularly relating to the benefits of liquid cleansers over water alone, and the criteria that should be used when choosing an appropriate liquid cleanser for infants. Alkaline soaps have numerous disadvantages compared with liquid cleansers, with effects on skin pH and lipid content, as well as causing skin drying and irritation. Liquid cleansers used in newborns should have documented evidence of their mildness on skin and eyes, and those containing an emollient may have further benefits. Finally, the panel discussed seasonal differences in skin care, and issues relating to infants at high risk of atopic dermatitis. The panel further discussed the need of clinical studies to investigate the impact of liquid cleansers on skin physiology parameters on newborns’ and infants’ skin.Conclusions  Bathing is generally superior to washing, provided basic safety procedures are followed, and has psychological benefits for the infant and parents. When bathing infants with a liquid cleanser, a mild one not altering the normal pH of the skin surface or causing irritation to skin or eyes should be chosen.Conflicts of interestM.J. Cork and F. Vanaclocha are advisors to Johnson and Johnson. U. Blume‐Peytavi is a member of the advisory board of the ‘Penaten Beirat’, Johnson & Johnson, Germany. J. Faergemann, C. Gelmetti, J. Szczapa declared to have no conflict of interest.
Consumer service and loyalty in Spanish grocery store retailing: an empirical study
Authors: Molina Arturo , Martín Víctor J. , Santos Jesús , Aranda Evangelina 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of consumer service on loyalty in retail establishments. Based on a theoretical discussion regarding the relationship between waiting time, product quality, store atmosphere and loyalty, an empirical research was conducted to test the proposed relationships. Multiple‐item indicators from previous studies were used to measure the constructs. Results from the study provide empirical support, suggesting that consumer service through three dimensions influences loyalty. Research results suggest that consumer service in retail establishments can be viewed as a threshold factor in order to maintain satisfied and loyal customers. Additionally, managers should consider that loyalty depends on waiting time, product quality and store atmosphere. The present study provides useful information on the relationship between consumer service and loyalty in retailing.
Increased maternal BMI is associated with an increased risk of minor complications during pregnancy with consequent cost implications
Authors: Denison FC , Norrie G , Graham B , Lynch J , Harper N , Reynolds RM 
Published: June 2009

Objective  To investigate the effect of maternal body mass index (BMI) on minor complications, associated additional medication use during pregnancy and the consequent cost implications.Design  Retrospective analysis of case notes.Setting  Labour wards, tertiary referral hospital, Royal Infirmary Edinburgh, UK.Population  Six hundred and fifty‐one women with a singleton pregnancy over four separate time periods in 2007 and 2008.Methods  Descriptive statistics, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis and cost analysis using standard techniques and inflation indices.Main outcome measures  Minor complications, use of medications during pregnancy and consequent incremental costs from the perspective of the National Health Service (NHS).Results  42.4% of women were overweight or obese (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2). Higher BMI during the first trimester (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 compared with BMI < 25 kg/m2) was associated with an increased risk of minor complications including symphysis pubis dysfunction (OR 3.97; 95% CI 2.19–7.18), heartburn (OR 2.65; 95% CI 1.42–4.94) and chest infection (OR 8.71; 95% 2.20–34.44) and with drugs used to treat these complications including Gaviscon (OR 3.52; 95% CI 1.78–6.96). The mean incremental (additional) NHS costs per woman for treating minor complications increased with maternal BMI were £15.45/woman, £17.64/woman and £48.66/woman for BMI < 25 kg/m2, BMI ≥ 25 to <30 kg/m2 and BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 respectively.Conclusions  Increased maternal BMI is associated with increased risk of developing minor complications during pregnancy; use of medications associated with treating these conditions and has significant NHS costs.
A genetic algorithm for the two‐dimensional knapsack problem with rectangular pieces
Authors: Bortfeldt Andreas , Winter Tobias 
Published: June 2009

AbstractGiven a set of rectangular pieces and a rectangular container, the two‐dimensional knapsack problem (2D‐KP) consists of orthogonally packing a subset of the pieces within the container such that the sum of the values of the packed pieces is maximized. If the value of a piece is given by its area, the objective is to maximize the covered area of the container. A genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed addressing the guillotine case of the 2D‐KP as well as the non‐guillotine case. Moreover, an orientation constraint may optionally be taken into account and the given piece set may be constrained or unconstrained. The GA is subjected to an extensive test using well‐known benchmark instances. Compared with recently published methods, the GA yields competitive results.
Two‐stage hybrid flow shop with recirculation
Authors: Boudhar Mourad , Meziani Nadjat 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we present two scheduling hybrid flow shop problems to minimize the makespan. In each problem, we have two stages. In the first problem, one machine at each stage is considered with recirculation of jobs in the second stage (machine). We prove that this first problem is polynomial and we present an algorithm for its resolution. The second problem consists of one machine in the first stage and two identical parallel machines in the second. Jobs can be recirculated a fixed number of times in the second stage. We show that the problem is NP‐hard and a polynomial subproblem is proposed. Linear program and heuristics are also presented with numerical experimentations.
Change in Oregon Maternity Care Workforce after Malpractice Premium Subsidy Implementation
Authors: Smits Ariel K. , King Valerie J. , Rdesinski Rebecca E. , Dodson Lisa G. , Saultz John W. 
Published: June 2009

Objectives. (1) To determine the proportion of maternity care providers who continue to deliver babies in Oregon; (2) to determine the important factors relating to the decision to discontinue maternity care services; and (3) to examine how the rural liability subsidy is affecting rural maternity care providers' ability to provide maternity care services.Study Design. We surveyed all obstetrical care providers in Oregon in 2002 and 2006. Survey data, supplemented with state administrative data, were analyzed for changes in provision of maternity care, reasons for stopping maternity care, and effect of the malpractice premium subsidy on practice.Principal Findings. Only 36.6% of responding clinicians qualified to deliver babies were actually providing maternity care in Oregon in 2006, significantly lower than the proportion (47.8%) found in 2002. Cost of malpractice premiums remains the most frequently cited reason for stopping maternity care, followed by lifestyle issues. Receipt of the malpractice subsidy was not associated with continuing any maternity services.Conclusions. Oregon continues to lose maternity care providers. A state program subsidizing the liability premiums of rural maternity care providers does not appear effective at keeping rural providers delivering babies. Other policies to encourage continuation of maternity care need to be considered.
Employer‐Sponsored Insurance, Health Care Cost Growth, and the Economic Performance of U.S. Industries
Authors: Sood Neeraj , Ghosh Arkadipta , Escarce José J. 
Published: June 2009

Objective. To estimate the effect of growth in health care costs that outpaces gross domestic product (GDP) growth (“excess” growth in health care costs) on employment, gross output, and value added to GDP of U.S. industries.Study Setting. We analyzed data from 38 U.S. industries for the period 1987–2005. All data are publicly available from various government agencies.Study Design. We estimated bivariate and multivariate regressions. To develop the regression models, we assumed that rapid growth in health care costs has a larger effect on economic performance for industries where large percentages of workers receive employer‐sponsored health insurance (ESI). We used the estimated regression coefficients to simulate economic outcomes under alternative scenarios of health care cost inflation.Results. Faster growth in health care costs had greater adverse effects on economic outcomes for industries with larger percentages of workers who had ESI. We found that a 10 percent increase in excess growth in health care costs would have resulted in 120,803 fewer jobs, US$28,022 million in lost gross output, and US$14,082 million in lost value added in 2005. These declines represent 0.17 to 0.18 percent of employment, gross output, and value added in 2005.Conclusion. Excess growth in health care costs is adversely affecting the economic performance of U.S. industries.
From Pubs to Scrubs: Alcohol Misuse and Health Care Use
Authors: Balsa Ana I. , French Michael T. , Maclean Johanna Catherine , Norton Edward C. 
Published: June 2009

Objective. To analyze the relationships between alcohol misuse and two types of acute health care use—hospital admissions and emergency room (ER) episodes.Data Sources/Study Setting. The first (2001/2002) and second (2004/2005) waves of the National Epidemiological Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC).Study Design. Longitudinal study using a group of adults (18–60 years in Wave 1, N=23,079). Gender‐stratified regression analysis adjusted for a range of covariates associated with health care use. First‐difference methods corrected for potential omitted variable bias.Data Collection. The target population of the NESARC was the civilian noninstitutionalized population aged 18 and older residing in the United States and the District of Columbia. The survey response rate was 81 percent in Wave 1 (N=43,093) and 65 percent in Wave 2 (N=34,653).Principal Findings. Frequent drinking to intoxication was positively associated with hospital admissions for both men and women and increased the likelihood of using ER services for women. Alcohol dependence and/or abuse was related to higher use of ER services for both genders and increased hospitalizations for men.Conclusions. These findings provide updated and nationally representative estimates of the relationships between alcohol misuse and health care use, and they underscore the potential implications of alcohol misuse on health care expenditures.
Role of nitroso radicals as drug targets in circulatory shock
Authors: Esposito Emanuela , Cuzzocrea Salvatore 
Published: June 2009

A vast amount of circumstantial evidence implicates oxygen‐derived free radicals (especially, superoxide and hydroxyl radical) and high‐energy oxidants [such as peroxynitrite (OONO‐)] as mediators of shock and ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Reactive oxygen species can initiate a wide range of toxic oxidative reactions. These include initiation of lipid peroxidation, direct inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes, inactivation of glyceraldehyde‐3phosphate dehydrogenase, inhibition of membrane sodium/potassium adenosine 5′‐triphosphate‐ase activity, inactivation of membrane sodium channels and other oxidative modifications of proteins. All these toxicities are likely to play a role in the pathophysiology of shock and ischaemia and reperfusion. Moreover, various studies have clearly shown that treatment with either OONO‐decomposition catalysts, which selectively inhibit OONO‐, or with superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetics, which selectively mimic the catalytic activity of the human SOD enzymes, have been shown to preventin vivothe delayed vascular decompensation and the cellular energetic failure associated with shock and ischaemia/reperfusion injury.British Journal of Pharmacology(2009)157,494–508; doi:10.1111/j.1476‐5381.2009.00255.xThis article is part of a themed section on Endothelium in Pharmacology. For a list of all articles in this section see the end of this paper, or visit:http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/121548564/issueyear?year=2009
Microstructural, chemical and textural records during growth of snowball garnet
Authors: ROBYR M. , CARLSON W. D. , PASSCHIER C. , VONLANTHEN P. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe growth history of two populations of snowball garnet from the Lukmanier Pass area (central Swiss Alps) was examined through a detailed analysis of three‐dimensional geometry, chemical zoning and crystallographic orientation. The first population, collected in the hinge of a chevron‐type fold, shows an apparent rotation of 360°. The first 270° are characterized by spiral‐shaped inclusion trails, gradual and concentric Mn zoning and a single crystallographic orientation, whereas in the last 90°, crenulated inclusion trails and secondary Mn maxima centred on distinct crystallographic garnet domains are observed. Microstructural, geochemical and textural data indicate a radical change in growth regime between the two growth sequences. In the first 270°, growth occurred under rotational non‐coaxial flow, whereas in the last 90°, garnet grew under a non‐rotational shortening regime. The second population, collected in the limb of the same chevron‐type fold structure, is characterized by a spiral geometry that does not exceed 270° of apparent rotation. These garnet microstructures do not record any evidence for a modification of the stress field during garnet growth. Concentric Mn zoning as well as a single crystallographic orientation are observed for the entire spiral. Electron backscatter diffraction data indicate that nearly all central domains in the snowball garnet are characterized by one [001] axis oriented (sub‐)parallel to the symmetry axis and by another [001] axis oriented (sub‐)parallel to the orientation of the internal foliation. These features suggest that the crystallographic orientation across the garnet spiral is not random and that a relation exists among the symmetry axis, the internal foliation and the crystallographic orientation.
Pilot Testing of Intervention Protocols to Prevent Pneumonia in Nursing Home Residents
Authors: Quagliarello Vincent , Juthani‐Mehta Manisha , Ginter Sandra , Towle Virginia , Allore Heather , Tinetti Mary 
Published: June 2009

OBJECTIVES: To test intervention protocols for feasibility, staff adherence, and effectiveness in reducing pneumonia risk factors (impaired oral hygiene, swallowing difficulty) in nursing home residents.DESIGN: Prospective study.SETTING: Two nursing homes.PARTICIPANTS: Fifty‐two nursing home residents.INTERVENTION: Thirty residents with impaired oral hygiene were randomly assigned to manual oral brushing plus 0.12% chlorhexidine oral rinse at different frequencies daily. Twenty‐two residents with swallowing difficulty were randomly assigned to upright feeding positioning, teaching swallowing techniques, or manual oral brushing. All protocols were administered over 3 months.MEASUREMENTS: Feasibility was assessed monthly and defined as high if the protocol took less than 10 minutes to administer. Adherence was assessed weekly and defined as high if full staff adherence was demonstrated in more than 75% of assessments. Effectiveness for improved oral hygiene (reduction in oral plaque score) and swallowing (reduction in cough during swallowing) was compared at baseline and 3 months.RESULTS: Daily manual oral brushing plus 0.12% chlorhexidine rinse demonstrated high feasibility, high staff adherence, and effectiveness in improving oral hygiene (P<.001 vs baseline); this combination administered twice per day showed the highest plaque score reduction. Daily manual oral brushing and upright feeding positioning demonstrated high feasibility, high staff adherence, and effectiveness in improving swallowing.CONCLUSION: Manual oral brushing, 0.12% chlorhexidine oral rinse, and upright feeding positioning demonstrated high feasibility, high staff adherence, and effectiveness in pneumonia risk factor reduction. A protocol combining these components warrants testing for its ability to reduce pneumonia in nursing home residents.
The Overlap Syndrome of Depression and Delirium in Older Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Givens Jane L. , Jones Richard N. , Inouye Sharon K. 
Published: June 2009

OBJECTIVES: To measure the prevalence, predictors, and posthospitalization outcomes associated with the overlap syndrome of coexisting depression and incident delirium in older hospitalized patients.DESIGN: Secondary analysis of prospective cohort data from the control group of the Delirium Prevention Trial.SETTING: General medical service of an academic medical center. Follow‐up interviews at 1 month and 1 year post‐hospital discharge.PARTICIPANTS: Four hundred fifty‐nine patients aged 70 and older who were not delirious at hospital admission.MEASUREMENTS: Depressive symptoms assessed at hospital admission using the 15‐item Geriatric Depression Scale (cutoff score of 6 used to define depression), daily assessments of incident delirium from admission to discharge using the Confusion Assessment Method, activities of daily living at admission and 1 month postdischarge, and new nursing home placement and mortality determined at 1 year.RESULTS: Of 459 participants, 23 (5.0%) had the overlap syndrome, 39 (8.5%) delirium alone, 121 (26.3%) depression alone, and 276 (60.1%) neither condition. In adjusted analysis, patients with the overlap syndrome had higher odds of new nursing home placement or death at 1 year (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=5.38, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.57–18.38) and 1‐month functional decline (AOR=3.30, 95% CI=1.14–9.56) than patients with neither condition.CONCLUSION: The overlap syndrome of depression and delirium is associated with significant risk of functional decline, institutionalization, and death. Efforts to identify, prevent, and treat this condition may reduce the risk of adverse outcomes in older hospitalized patients.
Prevalence and Characteristics of Traumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage in Elderly Fallers Presenting to the Emergency Department without Focal Findings
Authors: Gangavati Anupama S. , Kiely Dan K. , Kulchycki Lara K. , Wolfe Richard E. , Mottley J. Lawrence , Kelly Sean P. , Nathanson Larry A. , Abrams Alan P. , Lipsitz Lewis A. 
Published: June 2009

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence and associated characteristics of traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in elderly fallers presenting to the emergency department (ED) without focal findings.DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study.SETTING: University‐affiliated teaching hospital ED.PARTICIPANTS: Patients aged 65 and older presenting with a fall to the ED and undergoing a head computed tomography (CT) scan.MEASUREMENTS: Electronic medical records and CT scans of 404 consecutive patients were reviewed. Characteristics of patients with and without ICH were compared using unadjusted analyses. Patients taking warfarin, aspirin, or clopidogrel alone or in combination were compared with those not taking these medications. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine variables independently associated with ICH.RESULTS: Forty‐seven of 404 elderly fallers (11.6%) without focal findings had an ICH. Unadjusted analyses in these pilot data showed that warfarin was not significantly associated with ICH. Multivariate analyses indicated that elderly people living in at home were more likely to have ICH than those living in nursing homes or assisted living facilities (odds ratio (OR)=3.2, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.30–8.13) and that those with head trauma were more likely to have ICH than those without (OR=3.9, 95% CI=1.25–7.80). Aspirin was found to be protective (OR=0.49, 95% CI=0.24–0.98).CONCLUSION: ICH is common in elderly fallers presenting to the ED without focal findings. Anticoagulation alone did not appear to increase the risk of ICH, and aspirin was found to be protective, but prospective studies are needed to better assess this relationship.