bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MAP0004, Orally Inhaled DHE: A Randomized, Controlled Study in the Acute Treatment of Migraine
Authors: Aurora Sheena K. , Silberstein Stephen D. , Kori Shashidhar H. , Tepper Stewart J. , Borland Scott W. , Wang Min , Dodick David W. 
Published: April 2011

(Headache 2011;51:507‐517)Objective.— To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of MAP0004 compared with placebo for a single migraine in adult migraineurs: The FREEDOM‐301 Study.Background.— Acute treatment of migraine remains a clinical challenge despite the availability of triptans and other agents. Injectable dihydroergotamine, although effective, is considered invasive and inconvenient, and intranasal dihydroergotamine is associated with inconsistent systemic dosage delivery. MAP0004 is an orally inhaled formulation of dihydroergotamine delivered to the systemic circulation. In a phase 2 study, MAP0004 provided significant early onset of pain relief (10 minutes, P < .05) and sustained pain relief for up to 48 hours with a favorable adverse event profile.Methods.— A phase 3, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐group, single‐attack, outpatient study of MAP0004, an inhaled dihydroergotamine was conducted at 102 sites in 903 adults with a history of episodic migraine. Patients were randomized (1:1) to receive MAP0004 (0.63 mg emitted dose; 1.0 mg nominal dose) or placebo, administered after onset of a migraine headache with moderate to severe pain. The co‐primary endpoints were patient‐assessed pain relief and absence of photophobia, phonophobia, and nausea at 2 hours after treatment.Results.— A total of 903 patients (450 active, 453 placebo) were randomized, and 792 (395 active, 397 placebo) experienced a qualifying migraine. MAP0004 was superior to placebo in all 4 co‐primary endpoints: pain relief (58.7% vs 34.5%, P < .0001), phonophobia free (52.9% vs 33.8%, P < .0001), photophobia free (46.6% vs 27.2%, P < .0001), and nausea free (67.1% vs 58.7%, P = .0210). Additionally, significantly more patients were pain‐free at 2 hours following treatment with MAP0004 than with placebo (28.4% vs 10.1%, P < .0001). MAP0004 was well tolerated; no drug‐related serious adverse events occurred.Conclusions.— In this study, MAP0004 was effective and well tolerated for the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura, providing statistically significant pain relief and freedom from photophobia, phonophobia, and nausea in adults with migraine compared with placebo.
Genetics‐Genomics Competencies and Nursing Regulation
Authors: Kirk Maggie , Calzone Kathleen , Arimori Naoko , Tonkin Emma 
Published: April 2011

Abstract Purpose: The aim of this article is to explore the interaction between the integration of genetics‐genomics competencies into nursing curricula and regulatory standards. By taking a global perspective of activity in this field, we aim to develop a framework that can inform strategic planning in relation to international genetics‐genomics and nursing education. Methods: We focus our exploration around a small‐scale international survey on the progress, achievements, and critical success factors of 10 countries in relation to the integration of genetics‐genomics into nursing education, with exemplars from three of those countries. Findings: Analysis of the data generated 10 themes, each with several subthemes that play a critical role in the development of genetics‐genomics in nursing education and practice. The themes were organized into three overarching themes: nursing in genetics, genetics in nursing, and recognition and support. Genetics‐genomics competence is not fully integrated into nursing education at an appropriate level in any country, nor was it reflected robustly in current standards for registration and licensure. Conclusion: Strong leadership from the specialist genetics community plays a critical role in defining genetics‐genomics competence but the engagement of nursing professionals at senior levels in both government and regulatory institutions is essential if nurses are to be active participants in the innovations offered by genomic healthcare. Clinical Relevance: Safe and effective nursing practice must incorporate the needs of those with, at risk for, or susceptible to genetic‐genomic conditions, as well as those who might benefit from the application of genomic technologies in the diagnosis and management of common conditions such as cancer and heart disease. The scope of such practice can be articulated though competence statements. Professional regulation defines the standard of competence that practicing nurses should demonstrate at initial registration and licensure.
Workplace Violence Against Nursing Students and Nurses: An Italian Experience
Authors: Magnavita Nicola , Heponiemi Tarja 
Published: April 2011

Abstract Background: Nurses and nursing students are exposed to workplace violence. Objectives: To compare the characteristics and effects of violence in nursing students and nurses in order to assess the phenomenon and take preventive action. Methods: A retrospective survey was conducted in three Italian university schools of nursing. At the end of a lecture, 346 of 349 students agreed to fill out a questionnaire that included domains on violence, mental health, job stress, and organizational justice. This group was compared with 275 nurses from a general hospital (94.2% participation rate). Results: The prevalence of subjects reporting at least one upsetting episode of physical or verbal violence during their lifetime activity in clinical settings was 43% in nurses and 34% in nursing students. Nurses reported more physical assaults (odds ratio [OR] 2.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.35–6.18), threats (OR 2.84, 95% CI 1.39–5.79), and sexual harassment (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.15–5.54) during the previous 12 months than students. Nurses were mostly assaulted or harassed by patients or their relatives and friends (“external” violence), whereas students often reported verbal and also physical violence on the part of colleagues, staff, and others, including teachers, doctors, and supervisors (“internal” violence). Verbal violence was associated with high levels of psychological problems, as measured by the 12‐item version of the General Health Questionnaire, in both students and nurses. Verbal violence was also associated with high job strain, low social support, and low organizational justice, but only among nursing students. Conclusions: Preventive action is urgently needed to control patient‐to‐worker and worker‐to‐worker violence in clinical settings. Clinical Relevance: Not only nurses, but also nursing students, would benefit from multilevel programs of violence prevention.
Keratinocyte morphology of human skin evaluated by in vivo multiphoton laser tomography
Authors: Koehler M. J. , Zimmermann S. , Springer S. , Elsner P. , König K. , Kaatz M. 
Published: April 2011

Background: Multiphoton tomography (MPT) is a novel non‐invasive imaging method in dermatology allowing the depiction of the epidermis with sub‐cellular resolution. Here, we present a descriptive characterization of unaffected human epidermis, morphometric data on human keratinocytes and some epidermal parameters in vivo and a morphological characterization of keratinocyte changes in actinic keratoses.Methods: In a clinical setting, 57 volunteers of different age groups were examined using MPT.Results: The morphological appearance of keratinocytes showed polygonal cells in the horny layer, a granular cytoplasm in the stratum granulosum, smaller prickle cells in the stratum spinosum and hyperpigmented small round basal cells. Actinic keratoses presented remarkable differences including widened inter‐cellular spaces, heterogeneity in cellular fluorescence and shape as well as an increased ratio of nuclear to cellular size. Finally, the thickness of the epidermis was significantly increased in actinic keratoses compared with the control.Conclusion: In vivo MPT provides high‐resolution images allowing the identification and quantification of cellular morphometric parameters. First observations of morphology and morphometry of actinic keratoses are reported.
The right ventricular systolic to diastolic duration ratio: a simple prognostic marker in congenital diaphragmatic hernia?
Authors: Aggarwal Sanjeev , Stockman Paul T , Klein Michael D , Natarajan Girija 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAims:  (i) To compare the ratio of right ventricular systolic to diastolic duration (SD/DD) in infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and normal controls and (ii) to examine its association, if any, with outcomes in CDH.Methods:  Retrospective chart and echocardiographic review of consecutive neonates (<1 month old) with CDH and term controls without structural heart defects. Right ventricular SD/DD was calculated by a single reader.Results:  Infants with CDH (n = 29) were comparable to controls (n = 27) in their mean (SD) age [2.2 (3.3) vs. 2 (4.0) days], birthweight [3 (0.67) vs. 3 (0.69) kg] and proportion of males (48.2% vs. 72.4%). The DD and SD/DD were significantly abnormal in the CDH group, compared to controls. Among infants with CDH, those who died (n = 15) and those who died or required ECMO (n = 17) had significantly shorter DD and higher SD/DD ratio. At a cut‐off of 1.3, SD/DD ratio had a sensitivity of 92.8 (95% CI 64–99%) and specificity of 61.5 (32–85%) for prediction of mortality. Significant independent associations with mortality were observed with antenatal diagnosis (p = 0.003) and higher SD/DD ratio (p = 0.04).Conclusion:  The right ventricular SD/DD ratio is a sensitive objective prognostic marker in infants with CDH. Further studies incorporating SD/DD ratio as a guide to intervention are warranted.
Influence of artificial accelerated ageing on the colour stability of paints used for ocular prosthesis iris painting
Authors: Mundim Fabrício M. , Antunes Pedro L. , Sousa Ana Beatriz S. , Garcia Lucas F. R. , Pires‐de‐Souza Fernanda C. P. 
Published: April 2011

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2010.00473.x

Influence of artificial accelerated ageing on the colour stability of paints used for ocular prosthesis iris paintingObjectives:  To evaluate the colour stability of paints used for ocular prosthesis iris painting submitted for accelerated artificial ageing (AAA).Materials and methods:  Forty specimens of acrylic resin for sclera (16 × 2 mm) were made and separated into eight groups (n = 10) according to the type of paint (gouache, GP; oil, OP; acrylic AP; and composite resin for characterisation, CR) and the colours used (blue/brown). After drying (72 h), a new layer of colourless acrylic resin was applied and the initial colour readout was performed (Spectrophotometer PCB 6807). New colour readouts were performed after AAA, and ΔE was calculated.Results:  Statistical analysis (two‐way anova–Bonferroni, p < 0.05) demonstrated that the brown colour showed lower ΔE means in comparison with the blue colour, with statistically significant difference for AP only. Blue colour showed no statistically significant difference with regard to the type of paint used. Brown AP showed lower ΔE than the other groups, with significant difference for OP and GP. GP showed greater alteration in ΔE for the brown colour, being statistically similar only to OP.Conclusions:  Only the AP group for brown pigment shows clinically acceptable values for colour stability after AAA.
Challenges and barriers to quality oral care as perceived by caregivers in long‐stay institutions in Brazil
Authors: Unfer Beatriz , Braun Katia O. , de Oliveira Ferreira Ana C. , Ruat Gabrielle R. , Batista Aline K. 
Published: April 2011

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2011.00475.x

Challenges and barriers to quality oral care as perceived by caregivers in long‐stay institutions in BrazilObjective:  To describe how caregivers perceive the oral health status in the elderly they care for; the routines for oral hygiene in nursing homes; caregivers perceived barriers for quality oral care; and the caregivers competence and need for training in this area.Background:  The phenomena surrounding ageing has been the subject of worldwide interest, particularly concerning issues related to institutionalised elderly, where several studies have shown the precarious oral health status of such individuals.Materials and methods:  A qualitative interview study was held in a city in southern Brazil. Study participants were 26 caregivers of elderly people, belonging to seven institutions. Statements were collected through interviews, whose results were interpreted by phenomenological analysis.Results:  Caregivers of institutionalised elderly reveal contradictions in knowledge and practices of oral health. Although it could be expected that the perception and attitudes of caregivers of their own oral health could influence the care they offer to the elderly, barriers to the implementation of such activities appear to refer to situations outside of their responsibility, especially in the absence of time and staff.Conclusions:  The oral care of older people in geriatric institutions requires multidisciplinary and interinstitutional actions capable of reversing the continuing framework of neglect, requiring interventions for health promotion and disease prevention that can and should be implemented in institutions.
Crystal structure of basic 7S globulin, a xyloglucan‐specific endo‐β‐1,4‐glucanase inhibitor protein‐like protein from soybean lacking inhibitory activity against endo‐β‐glucanase
Authors: Yoshizawa Takuya , Shimizu Toshiyuki , Yamabe Mayuki , Taichi Misako , Nishiuchi Yuji , Shichijo Naoki , Unzai Satoru , Hirano Hisashi , Sato Mamoru , Hashimoto Hiroshi 
Published: April 2011

β‐Linked glucans such as cellulose and xyloglucan are important components of the cell walls of most dicotyledonous plants. These β‐linked glucans are constantly exposed to degradation by various endo‐β‐glucanases from pathogenic bacteria and fungi. To protect the cell wall from degradation by such enzymes, plants secrete proteinaceous endo‐β‐glucanases inhibitors, such as xyloglucan‐specific endo‐β‐1,4‐glucanase inhibitor protein (XEGIP) in tomato. XEGIPs typically inhibit xyloglucanase, a member of the glycoside hydrolase (GH)12 family. XEGIPs are also found in legumes, including soybean and lupin. To date, tomato XEGIP has been well studied, whereas XEGIPs from legumes are less well understood. Here, we determined the crystal structure of basic 7S globulin (Bg7S), a XEGIP from soybean, which represents the first three‐dimensional structure of XEGIP. Bg7S formed a tetramer with pseudo‐222 symmetry. Analytical centrifugation and size exclusion chromatography experiments revealed that the assembly of Bg7S in solution depended on pH. The structure of Bg7S was similar to that of a xylanase inhibitor protein from wheat (Tritinum aestivum xylanase inhibitor) that inhibits GH11 xylanase. Surprisingly, Bg7S lacked inhibitory activity against not only GH11 but also GH12 enzymes. In addition, we found that XEGIPs from azukibean, yardlongbean and mungbean also had no impact on the activity of either GH12 or GH11 enzymes, indicating that legume XEGIPs generally do not inhibit these enzymes. We reveal the structural basis of why legume XEGIPs lack this inhibitory activity. This study will provide significant clues for understanding the physiological role of Bg7S.Database
Coordinates and structure factors have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank Japan (PDBj) (http://www.pdbj.org/) under the accession number 3AUP.Structured digital abstract
Bg7S
binds to Bg7S by x‐ray crystallography (View interaction)
Bg7S
binds to Bg7S by cosedimentation in solution (View Interaction 1, 2)
Bg7S
binds to Bg7S by molecular sieving (View Interaction 1, 2)
Erectile Dysfunction, Depression, and Ischemic Heart Disease: Does the Existence of One Component of This Triad Necessitate Inquiring the Other Two? (CME)
Authors: El-Sakka Ahmed I 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Erectile dysfunction (ED) depression and ischemic heart disease (IHD) had long been classified as independent medical conditions managed by unrelated medical services. Recent studies have revealed the intimate associations among the three conditions. However, when a patient presents with one component of this triad, whether the physicians should also screen for the other two components is still an important question to be answered.

Aim
The purpose of this Continuing Medical Education article is to review contemporary knowledge regarding the reinforcing associations between the three conditions and to highlight the importance of screening for the other two components when a patient presents with one component of this triad, thus enabling best-practice management.

Methods
An English-language MEDLINE review was performed from 1990 to present-day for the association between ED, depression and IHD.

Main Outcome Measure
Current state of information regarding associations among the three conditions.

Results
Recent studies have established a new paradigm for the intimate associations among the three conditions. Furthermore, various risk factors and medical co-morbidities such as age, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, smoking, heart disease, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and related medications have been demonstrated to be highly associated with psychological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and sexual dysfunctions.

Conclusions
The integrative view and holistic approach with full consideration of the property of each condition is the appropriate way for the diagnosis and management of patients with these conditions.
Review of cetacean biopsy techniques: Factors contributing to successful sample collection and physiological and behavioral impacts
Authors: Noren Dawn P. , Mocklin Julie A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBiopsy techniques have been developed to collect skin and blubber samples through non‐lethal methods. One sample can provide data on genetics, prey preferences, foraging ecology, contaminant loads, and physiological processes. The limited data available suggest that biopsy wounds heal quickly and that there are usually no discernable adverse health effects. Published accounts on factors contributing to the success of collecting biopsy samples and the behavioral impacts to cetaceans following biopsy sampling were standardized to permit statistical analysis. Several factors contribute to the success of acquiring samples; however, sampling rates do not differ significantly between delivery devices. Behavioral responses to biopsy sampling vary by species and other factors. The most predominant response for odontocetes is low, while low and moderate responses are equally prevalent for mysticetes. The use of retrieval lines may increase the occurrence of moderate and strong responses by mysticetes. These findings suggest that biopsy sampling is relatively benign, causing only minor and short‐lived responses. However, most researchers do not report sufficient data to assess short‐ and long‐term physiological and behavioral impacts. Finally, limited data suggest that biopsy sampling does not impact cetacean habitat use or distribution patterns. Yet these impacts are rarely investigated, so additional data are needed.
Factors Associated with Adverse Outcomes during parenteral Nutrition Administration in Dogs and Cats
Authors: Queau Y. , Larsen J.A. , Kass P.H. , Glucksman G.S. , Fascetti A.J. 
Published: April 2011

Background: Parenteral nutrition (PN) is increasingly used to support hospitalized dogs and cats. Published assessments of outcome are limited.Objective: Evaluate type and prevalence of complications and risk factors for death and complications in dogs and cats receiving PN.Animals: Three hundred and nineteen dogs and 112 cats that received PN at a teaching hospital between 2000 and 2008.Methods: Retrospective case review. Diagnosis, duration of PN administration, concurrent enteral feeding, death, and mechanical, septic, and metabolic complications were abstracted from medical records. Association of each parameter with complications and death was analyzed by binary logistic regression.Results: Pancreatitis was the most common diagnosis (109/319 dogs, 34/112 cats), and 137/319 dogs and 51/112 cats died. Dogs and cats received 113 ± 40% and 103 ± 32% of resting energy requirement, respectively. Mechanical (81/319 dogs, 16/112 cats) and septic (20/319 dogs, 6/112 cats) complications were not associated with death (P > .05). Hyperglycemia was the most common metabolic complication (96/158 dogs, 31/37 cats). Hypercreatininemia in dogs (8/79) was the only complication associated with death (P < .01). Chronic kidney disease in dogs, hepatic lipidosis in cats, and longer duration of inadequate caloric intake before PN in both species were negatively associated with survival (P < .05). Factors positively associated with survival included longer duration of PN administration in both species, enteral feeding in cats with any disease, and enteral feeding in dogs with respiratory disease (P < .05).Conclusions and Clinical Importance: PN can be effectively used to provide the energy requirements of most critically ill dogs and cats. Most complications accompanying PN administration do not affect survival.
Characterization of antigen‐presenting cells induced by intragastric immunization with recombinant chimeric immunogens constructed from Streptococcus mutans AgI/II and type I or type II heat‐labile enterotoxins
Authors: Zhao W. , Zhao Z. , Russell M.W. 
Published: April 2011

SummaryIntragastric (i.g.) immunization with recombinant chimeric proteins constructed from the saliva‐binding region (SBR) of Streptococcus mutans surface antigen AgI/II and the A2/B subunits of enterobacterial heat‐labile enterotoxins has been successfully used to induce salivary and circulating antibodies against S. mutans that have protective potential against dental caries. To investigate the mode of action of these vaccine constructs, mice were immunized i.g. with chimeric proteins constructed from SBR and cholera toxin (CT) or the type II enterotoxins of Escherichia coli, LT‐IIa and LT‐IIb. Antigen‐presenting cells (APC) in Peyer’s patches (PP) and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) were characterized by flow cytometry. Compared with immunization with SBR alone, chimeric proteins SBR‐LTIIaA2/B and SBR‐LTIIbA2/B increased the number of B cells and macrophages in PP and diminished B cell numbers in MLN, whereas SBR‐CTA2/B diminished the numbers of B cells and macrophages in PP and MLN. Immunization with all three chimeric proteins led to upregulation of MHC class II molecules and co‐stimulatory receptors CD40, CD80, and CD86 especially on dendritic cells in PP and also on APC in MLN. The results provide a molecular basis for the enhanced immune responses induced by chimeric proteins compared with uncoupled antigen, and for differential responses to chimeric proteins based on CT or type II enterotoxins.
Social‐cognitive difficulties in former users of methamphetamine
Authors: Henry Julie D. , Mazur Magdalena , Rendell Peter G. 
Published: April 2011

Objectives. Methamphetamine (MA) abuse is associated with neurocognitive impairment. We investigated whether important aspects of social‐cognitive function are similarly disrupted.Method. A total of 12 adults with a history of MA dependence (average duration of use, 3.9 years), currently engaged in rehabilitation and abstinent for an average period of 6 months, and 12 MA naive participants completed measures of facial affect recognition, theory of mind, executive function and memory.Results. MA users were impaired on the measures of facial affect recognition and theory of mind (ds=1.75 and 2.32, respectively), with the magnitude of these deficits comparable or larger to those observed on the cognitive measures.Conclusions. Social‐cognitive difficulties are associated with MA use and have potentially important implications for rehabilitative practice.