bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beteiligung des zentralen Nervensystems bei akuten Leukämien und Lymphomen – Indikation und Hinweise zur Durchführung der Diagnostik/Central nervous system involvement in acute leukemia and lymphoma: indications for CNS assessment and advice for diagnostic strategy
Authors: Ringhoffer Mark , Bommer Martin 
Published: March 2012

ZusammenfassungEine Beteiligung des zentralen Nervensystems (ZNS) bei Leukämien und Lymphomen beeinflusst das therapeutische Konzept. Insbesondere ein Rezidiv in diesem Kompartiment ist mit einer schlechten Prognose vergesellschaftet. Daher sollte der Nachweis einer ZNS-Beteiligung möglichst frühzeitig im Krankheitsverlauf erfolgen. Das Risiko für eine Beteiligung des ZNS variiert erheblich. Bei Erkrankungen mit belegt hohem Risiko für eine ZNS-Beteiligung – wie der akuten lymphoblastischen Leukämie oder dem Burkitt-Lymphom – werden prophylaktische Therapiestrategien angewandt. Obwohl nicht bei allen Entitäten Therapiestandards bei Nachweis von Tumorzellen im Liquor existieren, wird bei positivem Befund meist eine Veränderung der Therapiestrategie mit Einsatz ZNS-gerichteter Maßnahmen (Bestrahlung oder Chemotherapie) resultieren. Dies gilt sowohl für die präemptive Therapiesituation bei asymptomatischen, als auch für die therapeutische Situation bei symptomatischen Patienten. Während parenychmatöse Läsionen mittels Magnetresonanztomographie nachgewiesen werden, wird die Meningeosis neoplastica durch die Untersuchung des Liquors gesichert. Die Liquorzytologie ist in der Hand des erfahrenen Untersuchers bei Leukämien von ausreichender Spezifität, aber begrenzter Sensitivität. Bei Lymphomen ist die alleinige Zytologie von relativ geringer Spezifität, weil eine Abgrenzung zu entzündlichen Pleozytosen gelegentlich sehr schwierig oder gar unmöglich ist. Durch die Kombination von Zytologie und Durchflusszytometrie kann hier sowohl die Sensitivität als auch die Spezifität gesteigert werden. Wichtig ist eine sachgerechte Probengewinnung. Stets sollte die letzte Liquorfraktion der zytologischen und durchflusszytometrischen Evaluierung unterzogen werden, um eine Kontamination aus peripherem Blut zu vermeiden. Eine gute Informationsweitergabe des Klinikers an den Labormediziner ist die Voraussetzung, um ein geeignetes Antikörperpanel für die Diagnostik auswählen zu können. Dies schont die Ressourcen und beschleunigt die Untersuchung. Wegen der häufig geringen zur Verfügung stehenden Zellmenge sollte mit einem Basispanel begonnen werden, das für spezielle Fragestellungen ergänzt wird.
Validation of quantitative analytical procedures in laboratory medicine/Validierung von quantitativen Analysenverfahren in der Laboratoriumsmedizin
Authors: Haeckel Rainer , Sonntag Oswald 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The validation of analytical procedures in laboratory medicine has been discussed by many authors and several recommendations have been elaborated by working groups and standardization bodies. However, some problems have not sufficiently been solved, for example, permissible limits for the comparability between methods (permissible equivalence), what is the best statistical procedure for estimating the function of the fitting line in scatter plots, and permissible limits for the spread around the fitting line. The present article attempts to summarize the present state-of-the-art and to provide answers to some of the open problems.
Crystal and molecular structure of diorganoammonium oxalatotrimethylstannate, [R2NH2][Me3Sn(C2O4)] (R=i-Bu, cyclohexyl)
Authors: Sow Yaya , Diop Libasse , Molloy Kieran C. , Kociok-Köhn Gabrielle 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The title compounds [R2NH2][C2O4SnMe3](R=i-Bu, Cy), in which tin atoms adopt a distorted trigonal bipyramidal configuration, have been prepared and submitted to an X-ray diffraction study. These compounds have been obtained from the reaction of (Cy2NH2)2C2O4·H2O or (i-Bu2NH2)2C2O4 with SnMe3Cl. In both [R2NH2][C2O4SnMe3] compounds, the trans complex has an almost regular trigonal bipyramidal geometry around the tin atom. The SnMe3 residues are connected as a chain with bridging oxalate anions in a trans-SnC3O2 framework, the oxygen atoms being in axial positions. The cations connect linear adjacent chains through NH…O hydrogen bonds giving layered structures.
Multidimensional fluorescence microscopy in live cell imaging – A mini review
Authors: Schneckenburger Herbert , Weber Petra , Wagner Michael , Bruns Thomas , Richter Verena , Schickinger Sarah , Wittig Rainer 
Published: March 2012

AbstractFluorescence microscopy methods are described with high spatial, spectral, and temporal resolution. In addition to three-dimensional (3D) microscopy, based on confocal, structured, or single-plane illumination, spectral imaging and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy are used to probe the conformation of fluorescent molecules as well as their interaction with the microenvironment. In addition to single cells or cell monolayers, 3D cell cultures are used increasingly, as they are more representative for tissue morphology and function. All methods are discussed in the context of controlled light exposure, which is regarded as a key parameter to maintain cell viability. The applications presented in this mini review include autofluorescence measurements of glioblastoma cells as well as various fluorescent markers or fluorescent proteins.
Effect of silica nanoparticle loading and surface modification on the kinetics of RAFT polymerization
Authors: Salami-Kalajahi Mehdi , Haddadi-Asl Vahid , Behboodi-Sadabad Farid , Rahimi-Razin Saeid , Roghani-Mamaqani Hossein 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
S-(thiobenzoyl)thioglycolic acid was used to synthesize poly(methyl methacrylate) via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. To study the polymerization kinetics, in situ polymerization reactions were performed with different loading of nanoparticles. To investigate the effect of surface modification on the poly­merization kinetics, similar reactions were performed with 3-methacryloxypropyldimethylchlorosilane-modified nanoparticles. Conversion, reaction rate, molecular weight and polydispersity index (PDI) were monitored during poly­merization. According to results, pseudo-first order kinetics is achieved, but the rate constant of chain transfer reaction to the RAFT agent (Ctr) has a very small value. Adding nanoparticles causes no considerable change in the kinetic curves, while there is an optimum value for nanoparticles loading in which the polymerization rate reaches its maximum level. A similar trend is observed for molecular weight; however, increasing silica content results in an increase in PDI values. In comparison with pristine silica nanoparticles, the polymerization rate increases slowly in the case of modified particles. Also, molecular weight and PDI for free and graft chains are studied separately. The molecular weight of free chains increases with increasing nanoparticles loading up to 7 wt% and then decreases, while PDI values increase continually by adding nanoparticles. However, for graft chains, molecular weight and PDI values increase with increasing nanoparticle content.
Luminance degradation and recovery studies in Alq3 based Organic light emitting diodes
Authors: Rao K. Sudheendra , Samal Girija S. , Mohapatra Y. N. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThough organic light emitting diodes are being commercialized in many applications, issues relating to lifetime and degradation remain as fundamental concerns limiting performance. A coherent understanding of degradation mechanisms is yet to emerge. We focus on intrinsic degradation of high quality Alq3 based diodes due to electrical stressing. We monitor progressive luminance degradation and recovery by introducing well defined relaxation time windows in the current stress cycles. The method helps to clearly distinguish between recoverable and permanent degradation systematically. The voltage shift due to degradation and recovery is also monitored as a function of time. Further, we introduce a method of reconstructing the transients of the recoverable part using progressive isolated current pulses as a probe. The recovery of degradation is related to the charging and discharging of the traps in the device and our method provides a technique of measuring significant parameters of trapping through luminance transients. The origin and distinguishing features of the two types of degradation are discussed.
Impact of Metal Contamination of 7.0nm Gate Oxides on Various Substrate Materials
Authors: Saito S. , Hamada K. , Eaglesham D. J. , Shiramizu Y. , Benton J. L. , Kitajima H. , Jacobson S. D. C. , Poate J. M. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTMetal contamination level will be decreased in order to maintain a device reliability according to device size reduction. Metal contamination from various processes are surveyed. The influence of metal contamination for 7–15nm thick gate oxides is discussed in order to clarify the critical concentration to gate oxides. NIG(Non Intrinsic Gettering) substrates are used in a worst case for gettering. Fe contamination with 4×1010 cm-2 strongly affects the TDDM characteristics, although there is no serious influence in the breakdown voltage even at the concentration of 5×1011 cm-2. The same tendency is observed for Cu contaminant and the critical concentration for TDDB characteristics is around 3×1011 cm-2. High energy B implantation is carried out to form gettering sites near device region. Breakdown voltage and TDDB characteristics are almost the same as epitaxial substrates at Fe concentration up to 1×1012 cm-2. Detailed examination such as SIMS, C-t and DLTS measurements is also supported the effectiveness in high energy gettering.
Speech and Language Therapy Interventions for Children with Cleft Palate: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bessell Alyson , Sell Debbie , Whiting Penny , Roulstone Sue , Albery Liz , Persson Martin , Verhoeven Andrea , Burke Margaret , Ness Andy R. 
Published: March 2012

Objective (1) To examine the evidence for the effectiveness of differences in timing and type of speech and language therapy for children with cleft palate with or without a cleft lip and (2) to identify types of interventions assessed. Design Nine databases, including MEDLINE and EMBASE, were searched between inception and March 2011 to identify published articles relating to speech and language therapy for children with cleft palate with or without cleft lip. Studies that included at least 10 participants and reported outcome measures for speech and/or language measures were included. Studies where the experimental group had less than 90% of children with cleft palate with or without cleft lip were excluded. Two reviewers independently completed inclusion assessment, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment for all studies identified. Results A total of 17 papers were evaluated: six randomized control trials and 11 observational studies. Studies varied widely on risk of bias, intervention used, and outcome measures reported. None of the studies had a low risk of bias. In terms of intervention approaches, seven studies evaluated linguistic approaches and 10 evaluated motor approaches. Outcomes measures did not support either approach over the other, and based on data reported it was difficult to ascertain which approach is more effective for children with cleft palate with or without cleft lip. Conclusions The review found little evidence to support any specific intervention. Key uncertainties need to be identified and adequately powered, methodologically rigorous studies conducted to provide a secure evidence base for speech-language therapy practice in children with cleft palate with or without cleft lip.
R&D infrastructures supported by the Operational Programme Research and Development for Innovation - human resources sustainability
Authors: Marek David , Žížalová Pavla , Valenta Ondřej 
Published: March 2012

Infrastruktury pro výzkum a vývoj podpořené z Operačního programu Výzkum a vývoj pro inovace - udržitelnost z hlediska lidských zdrojů
Kvalita výzkumné infrastruktury v Česku byla zatím hodnocena v porovnání s vyspělými "západními" ekonomikami jako spíše podprůměrná. Zároveň je ale zřejmé, že dostupnost špičkové výzkumné infrastruktury je významným faktorem nejen pro kvalitní výzkum, ale i pro mezinárodní spolupráci či spolupráci s aplikačním sektorem. Dosavadní deficit ve sféře výzkumné infrastruktury by měly pomoci řešit současné operační programy a jejich prostřednictvím budovaná nová výzkumná centra. Jaký však bude efekt těchto nových výzkumných infrastruktur, závisí především na schopnostech či možnostech přivést do těchto center kvalitní výzkumné týmy a pracovníky. Příspěvek proto hodnotí z několika hledisek vývoj lidských zdrojů ve výzkumu a vývoji a dílčí trendy dává do souvislosti s indikovanými požadavky vznikajících center. Analýza ukazuje, že v dílčích oborech se může objevit potřeba počtu nových pracovníků, která překračuje nárůst zaměstnanosti odpovídající současným trendům, a tím ohrozit stávající či nová výzkumná centra, potažmo očekávané dopady spojené s jejich výstavbou.
The Multicriteria Assessment Methodology of the Decision Support System Implementation Effectiveness
Authors: Ważna Lilianna , Krupa Tadeusz 
Published: March 2012

The Multicriteria Assessment Methodology of the Decision Support System Implementation EffectivenessThe multi-criteria assessment methodology of implementation effectiveness of information systems illustrated by an example of decision support system (DSS) realized in w information technologies is presented in the article. The assessment of DSS under consideration takes place using the knowledge recorded in the form of fuzzy neural network, collected in an enterprise, on the basis of earlier realized implementations of other information systems. A model of retrieved DSS is expressed by means of a set of functionalities serving business processes of the enterprise under consideration. A model of implementation undertaking determined by means of a set of preparatory actions for the implementation and a set of directly implementation and exploitation actions is built for the retrieved DSS as well. Furthermore, a vector determining a current and planned implementation state of a set of DSS functionalities in the enterprise at time moments, before and after the commencement of planned implementation of the retrieved DSS is built. A concept of trapezoidal fuzzy numbers is used in building DSS models. An adjustment of fuzzy parameters of DSS models takes place by means of geometrical method of maximum absolute error points. A presented methodology enables to execute a multi-criteria effectiveness assessment of planned undertaking in relation to subjective criteria established by the enterprise (preferred time, cost and values of priority indexes). Additionally, the knowledge collected on the basis of earlier realized implementations of information systems and applied imprecise description of parameters taking into account errors made in their estimation in the past is used.
Genetic Algorithms for Solving Scheduling Problems in Manufacturing Systems
Authors: Ławrynowicz Anna 
Published: March 2012

Genetic Algorithms for Solving Scheduling Problems in Manufacturing SystemsScheduling manufacturing operations is a complicated decision making process. From the computational point of view, the scheduling problem is one of the most notoriously intractable NP-hard optimization problems. When the manufacturing system is not too large, the traditional methods for solving scheduling problem proposed in the literature are able to obtain the optimal solution within reasonable time. But its implementation would not be easy with conventional information systems. Therefore, many researchers have proposed methods with genetic algorithms to support scheduling in the manufacturing system. The genetic algorithm belongs to the category of artificial intelligence. It is a very effective algorithm to search for optimal or near-optimal solutions for an optimization problem. This paper contains a survey of recent developments in building genetic algorithms for the advanced scheduling. In addition, the author proposes a new approach to the distributed scheduling in industrial clusters which uses a modified genetic algorithm.
Principals of Financial Modelling
Authors: Janiszewski Sławomir 
Published: March 2012

Principals of Financial ModellingThe financial statements submitted by each company annually reflect their financial performance in the past but are also utilized to forecast the future results in quantitative and realistic frames. The aim of the following elaboration is to thoroughly research all the issues related to financial modelling. The author step by step introduces the reader with theoretical and practical assumptions related to forecasting of respectively, the profit & loss account, balance sheet account and cash flow statement. All of the issues are illustrated with excel spreadsheets that were prepared exclusively for this article purposes.
Application of image texture analysis for varietal classification of barley
Authors: Zapotoczny P. 
Published: March 2012

Application of image texture analysis for varietal classification of barleyThis paper presents the results of a study into the use of the texture parameters of barley kernel images in varietal classification. A total of more than 270 textures have been calculated from the surface of single kernels and bulk grain. The measurements were performed in four channels from a 24 bit image. The results were processed statistically by variable reduction and general discriminant analysis. Classification accuracy was more than 99%.
Oxidative Damage to Proteins
Authors: Davies Michael J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractProteins are a major target for biological oxidants as a result of their abundance and high rate constants for reaction with many species. Protein damage is therefore a major consequence of oxidant formation both external to and within cells. Reaction can occur with both the side chains and backbone, with the extent of attack at particular sites dependent on multiple factors. In some cases, damage is limited to specific residues, whereas with other species (e.g., hydroxyl radicals), damage is widespread and nonspecific. These pathways, and the resulting products, are reviewed here. The latter include reactive hydroperoxides, which can induce further oxidation and chain reactions (both within proteins and to other molecules) and stable products that can be employed as biomarkers for protein oxidationin vitroandin vivo. The product profile can yield data on the oxidants involved. As most protein damage is nonrepairable, oxidation can have deleterious effects, including loss (or sometimes gain) of function (e.g., enzymatic, structural, or signaling), fragmentation, aggregation, unfolding, altered interactions with other proteins, and modified turnover. The major fate of oxidized proteins is catabolism by proteasomal and lysosomal pathways, but in some cases, these altered materials are poorly degraded and accumulate within cells; this may contribute to multiple human pathologies.
Growth of Metal–Metal Oxide Nanostructures on Freestanding Graphene Paper for Flexible Biosensors
Authors: Xiao Fei , Li Yuanqing , Zan Xiaoli , Liao Kin , Xu Rong , Duan Hongwei 
Published: March 2012

AbstractFlexible biosensors are of considerable current interest for the development of portable point‐of‐care medical products, minimally invasive implantable devices, and compact diagnostic platforms. A new type of flexible electrochemical sensor fabricated by depositing high‐density Pt nanoparticles on freestanding reduced graphene oxide paper (rGOP) carrying MnO2 nanowire networks is reported. The triple‐component design offers new possibilities to integrate the mechanical and electrical properties of rGOP, the large surface area of MnO2 networks, and the catalytic activity of well‐dispersed and small‐sized Pt nanoparticles prepared via ultrasonic‐electrodeposition. The sensitivity and selectivity that the flexible electrode demonstrates for nonenzymatic detection of H2O2 enables its use for monitoring H2O2 secretion by live cells. The strategy of structurally integrating metal, metal oxide, and graphene paper will provide new insight into the design of flexible electrodes for a wide range of applications in biosensing, bioelectronics, and lab‐on‐a‐chip devices.
Regulation of the hydrolysis reactivity of immobilized Candida rugosa lipase with the aid of a hydrophobic porous carrier
Authors: Naya Masakazu , Imai Masanao 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTLipid hydrolysis reaction by immobilized lipase (Candida rugosa) was achieved with the aid of a hydrophobic porous carrier (Accurel MP100) made of polypropylene. Lipase adsorption on the carrier surface was examined in acetate buffer aqueous solution (pH 6.5). The amount of adsorbed lipase per unit mass of Accurel increased with decreased particle diameter because of increase in surface area of Accurel particles. Adsorbed lipase was successfully immobilized by cross‐linking with the aid of glutaraldehyde (GA). The immobilized lipase yield based on the adsorbed amount exceeded 98% for every particle size. The reaction substrate (triolein) was dissolved in a W/O microemulsion phase prepared with sugar ester (DK‐ester‐F‐110) used as an amphiphilic component. The reactivity of immobilized lipase evaluated from the production rate of oleic acid strongly depended on the Accurel particle size. In particular, 500 to 840 µm diameter particles achieved an outstanding high reaction rate. © 2012 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Satisfaction in the context of customer co‐production: A behavioral involvement perspective
Authors: Hunt David M. , Geiger‐Oneto Stephanie , Varca Philip E. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTConsumers increasingly subscribe to community‐supported agriculture (CSA) programs as an alternative retail channel for fresh produce. Compared with supermarket retailers, CSAs are built around an ethos of community rather than efficiency and economies of scale; and CSA programs demand far greater customer co‐production than supermarket retailers. For instance, CSA members (customers) assume responsibilities for physical distribution, market timing, and financial risk taking—activities that, for customers of traditional supermarkets, are assumed by the retailer or other market intermediaries. Service‐dominant logic suggests that such co‐production activities provide value for consumers. And the expanding demand for CSA programs anecdotally supports the notion that consumers find value in co‐producing fresh produce. However, whether or not co‐production leads to greater satisfaction with a product category remains largely untested. We draw on community theory to test if engagement in co‐production activities leads to satisfaction with a product category. By examining product satisfaction, we test an outcome of co‐production that is consumer‐centric. Results from an exploratory field study suggest that two types of value co‐creation—commitment to co‐production and behavioral involvement in product‐related activities—are positively correlated with product satisfaction. Our results support the notion that value co‐creation provides value for consumers. Interestingly, these findings are antithetical to studies that suggest service convenience constitutes non‐monetary value for consumers. Our study suggests that the community theory is a viable theoretical frame for consumer research on co‐production. Further, our findings suggest that consumer research into the co‐creation of value should incorporate measures of product satisfaction and draw on behavioral as opposed to exclusively attitudinal assessments of co‐production activities. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.