bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shenqi fuzheng, an injection concocted from chinese medicinal herbs, combined with platinum-based chemotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review
Authors: Dong Ju , Su Shi-Yue , Wang Min-Yan , Zhan Zhen 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

Background
Platinum-based chemotherapy has been a standard therapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but it has high toxicity. In China, Shenqi Fuzheng, a newly developed injection concocted from Chinese medicinal herbs has been reported that may increase efficacy and reduce toxicity when combined with platinum-based chemotherapy, but little is known about it outside of China. The aim of this study was to systematically review the existing clinical evidence on Shenqi Fuzheng Injection(SFI) combined with platinum-based chemotherapy for advanced NSCLC.

Methods
Pubmed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, CNKI, and CBM search were organized for all documents published, in English and Chinese, until April 2010. The randomized controlled clinical trials were selected based on specific criteria, in which a SFI plus platinum-based chemotherapy treatment group was compared with a platinum-based chemotherapy control group for patients with advanced NSCLC. The quality of studies was assessed by modified Jadad's scale, and Revman 4.2 software was used for data syntheses and analyses.

Results
Twenty nine studies were included in this review based on our selection criteria. Of them, ten studies were of high quality and the rest were of low quality, according to the modified Jadad scale. The meta-analysis showed there was a statistically significant higher tumor response (RR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.32; P = 0.001) and performance status ((RR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.45 to 1.70; P < 0.00001); but lower severe toxicity for WBC (RR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.29 to 0.47; P < 0.00001), PLT (RR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.21 to 0.52; P < 0.00001), HB (RR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.30 to 0.66; P < 0.0001) and nausea and vomiting (RR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.22 to 0.47; P < 0.00001), when the SFI plus platinum-based chemotherapy treatment group was compared with the platinum-based chemotherapy control group. Sensitivity analysis was restricted to studies with the high quality, and the result was similar when the studies with low quality were excluded. Asymmetry was observed in a funnel plot analysis, and Egger's test also indicated an evidence of publication bias (P = 0.016).

Conclusions
SFI intervention appears to be useful to increase efficacy and reduce toxicity when combined with platinum-based chemotherapy for advanced NSCLC, although this result needs to be further verified by more high-quality trials.
Electronic versus paper diaries: a pilot study of concordance and adherence in head and neck cancer patients receiving radiation therapy
Authors: Blondin Joseph M , Abu-Hasaballah Khamis S , Tennen Howard , Lalla Rajesh V 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

Background
Interactive Voice Response Systems (IVRS) and other electronic data collection methods have begun to replace conventional paper diaries as a way to capture daily patient reports. However, these methods have not been compared in head and neck (H&N) cancer patients receiving radiation therapy.

Methods
15 subjects with H&N cancer were asked to complete daily IVRS calls and daily paper diaries during radiation therapy. We compared response consistency and comparative adherence across the two methods.

Results
86.1% (1920/2231) of participants' responses were consistent between IVRS and paper diaries. 79.5% of the expected number of paper diaries were completed, compared to 66.2% of IVRS phone calls.

Conclusions
In this pilot study of H&N cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy, concordance was high between responses recorded by paper diaries and IVRS. Although adherence appeared to be higher for the paper diaries, it is possible that they may not have been completed at the proper time.
Zebrafish Tie-2 shares a redundant role with Tie-1 in heart development and regulates vessel integrity
Authors: Gjini Evisa , Hekking Liesbeth H. , Küchler Axel , Saharinen Pipsa , Wienholds Erno , Post Jan-Andries , Alitalo Kari , Schulte-Merker Stefan 
Published: November 2010

SUMMARY
Tie-2 is a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase family and is required for vascular remodeling and maintenance of mammalian vessel integrity. A number of mutations in the human TIE2 gene have been identified in patients suffering from cutaneomucosal venous malformations and ventricular septal defects. How exactly Tie-2 signaling pathways play different roles in both vascular development and vascular stability is unknown. We have generated a zebrafish line carrying a stop mutation in the kinase domain of the Tie-2 receptor. Mutant embryos lack Tie-2 protein, but do not display any defect in heart and vessel development. Simultaneous loss of Tie-1 and Tie-2, however, leads to a cardiac phenotype. Our study shows that Tie-1 and Tie-2 are not required for early heart development, yet they have redundant roles for the maintenance of endocardial-myocardial connection in later stages. Tie-2 and its ligand Angiopoietin-1 have also been reported to play an important role in vessel stability. We used atorvastatin and simvastatin, drugs that cause bleeding in wild-type zebrafish larvae, to challenge vessel stability in tie-2 mutants. Interestingly, recent clinical studies have reported hemorrhagic stroke as a side effect of atorvastatin treatment. Exposure of embryos to statins revealed that tie-2 mutants are significantly protected from statin-induced bleeding. Furthermore, tie-2 mutants became less resistant to bleeding after VE-cadherin knockdown. Taken together, these data show that atorvastatin affects vessel stability through Tie-2, and that VE-cadherin and Tie-2 act in concert to allow vessel remodeling while playing a role in vessel stability. Our study introduces an additional vertebrate model to study in vivo the function of Tie-2 in development and disease.
Ena drives invasive macrophage migration in Drosophila embryos
Authors: Tucker Philippa K. , Evans Iwan R. , Wood Will 
Published: November 2010

SUMMARY
It is seldom the primary tumour that proves fatal in cancer, with metastasis the fundamental pathological process for disease progression. Upregulation of Mena, a member of the evolutionarily conserved Ena/VASP family of actin cytoskeletal regulators, promotes metastasis and invasive motility of breast cancer cells in vivo. To complement in vitro studies of Ena/VASP function in fibroblasts, we manipulated levels of Ena, the Drosophila homologue of Mena, in migrating embryonic macrophages (haemocytes). Consistent with data from fibroblasts in vitro, Ena localises to regions of actin dynamics within migrating haemocytes, stimulates lamellipodial dynamics and positively regulates the number and length of filopodia. However, whereas Ena overexpression in fibroblasts reduces migration speeds, overexpressing Ena in haemocytes leads to a dramatic increase in migration speeds, more closely resembling the increased motility of breast cancer cells that overexpress Mena. We provide evidence that this key difference is due to spatial constraints imposed on cells within the three-dimensional environment of the embryo; this might explain how Mena can be used to promote aggressive migratory behaviour during cancer progression.
Variation in Antiepileptic Drug Adherence Among Older Patients with New-Onset Epilepsy
Authors: Zeber John E , Copeland Laurel A , Pugh Mary Jo V 
Published: November 2010

Background: Medication adherence among patients with epilepsy remains a significant challenge, even for patients prescribed newer antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), leading to increased risks of seizures, hospitalizations, and higher treatment costs. Despite substantial research identifying numerous risk factors, the role of specific medications has been neglected. Objective: To analyze adherence to 9 different AEDs in a national clinical sample of elderly patients with new-onset epilepsy. Methods: Patients over age 66 receiving care in the Veterans Health Administration were eligible if they met criteria for new-onset epilepsy with AED monotherapy of at least 3 months. A cross-sectional study design was used to assess adherence as defined by the medication possession ratio (MPR) and a 90-day or longer medication gap. Multivariable logistic regression modeled each dichotomous adherence outcome as a function of clinical and demographic measures. Results: The sample (N = 6373) was primarily male (98%), white (79%), and exempt from medication copayments due to disability status; nearly 40% had a prior psychiatric or dementia diagnosis. Nearly half of the patients were poorly adherent, with rates ranging from 42% to 63% across AEDs. In multivariable models, patients on phenobarbital, valproate, and gabapentin were significantly less likely to be adherent on both outcomes, while lamotrigine and levetiracetam were positively associated with adherence per the MPR. Conclusions: Adherence difficulty in this elderly cohort is attributable to several factors, yet specific AEDs substantially increased this risk. Drugs that produce adverse effects such as cognitive difficulty or weight gain may prove detrimental to maintaining appropriate adherence early in the treatment course. Given comparable efficacy among AEDs, providers should be aware that certain medications impart differential risks of poor adherence in older patients with epilepsy.
Use of GPS activity sensors to measure active and inactive behaviours of European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)
Authors: Gottardi Elisa , Tua Frédérique , Cargnelutti Bruno , Maublanc Marie-Line , Angibault Jean-Marc , Said Sonia , Verheyden Hélène 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of GPS 3300 to predict active (feeding, moving) and inactive (bedded, standing) behaviours in European roe deer. Observed activity of three tame roe deer was correlated with the three variables provided by the activity sensors of their collars (normalised for each individual) using discriminant analyses. The best model discriminated correctly 84% of the “active” time intervals (defined as roe deer spending at least 30% of the time active) and 97% of inactive ones. We tested for consistency with movements using 11 wild roe deer, six living in a forest and five in an open habitat. As expected, wild deer identified as inactive (sensors) were mostly immobile (GPS locations, 831 records of 1096), whereas deer known to be moving were mostly classified as active (493 of 758 records). The records classified as inactive but moving (24% of inactive records or 35% of moving records) can indicate short distance displacement, erroneous detection of movement, or moving without neck movements. The records classified as active but immobile (46% of active ones, 33% of immobile ones) can represent feeding on a small patch without detectable movements.
Determination of Florfenicol Dose Rate in Feed for Control of Mortality in Nile Tilapia Infected with Streptococcus iniae
Authors: Gaunt Patricia S. , Endris Richard , McGinnis Anissa , Baumgartner Wes , Camus Alvin , Steadman James , Sweeney Diane , Sun Fangshi 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
A dose titration study was conducted to determine the dosage of florfenicol (FFC) in feed to control Streptococcus iniae-associated mortality in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Six tanks were assigned to each of five treatments: (1) not challenged with S. iniae and fed unmedicated feed; (2) challenged with S. iniae by injection and fed unmedicated feed; (3) challenged with S. iniae and given FFC at 5 mg/kg of body weight (bw) in medicated feed; (4) challenged with S. iniae and given 10 mg FFC/kg bw; and (5) challenged with S. iniae and given 15 mg FFC/kg bw. Treatment was initiated the day after inoculation, and feed was administered for 10 d. Cumulative mortality was 0% in the unchallenged, untreated group; 35.8 ± 4.4% (mean ± SE) in the challenged, unmedicated group; 19.2 ± 2.7% in the 5-mg/kg treated group, 12.5 ± 3.8% in the 10-mg/kg group, and 2.5 ± 1.1% in the 15-mg/kg group. The cumulative mortality was significantly less in each challenged, FFC-treated group than in the challenged, unmedicated controls (5 mg/kg: P = 0.0156; 10 mg/kg: P = 0.0007; 15 mg/kg: P &lt; 0.0001). The efficacy of the 10- and 15-mg/kg FFC dosages was studied in a separate dose confirmation study. Fish in all tanks were injected with S. iniae. At 4 h postinoculation, 10 tanks were assigned to each of three feed treatments: (1) unmedicated feed; (2) 10 mg FFC/kg bw; and (3) 15 mg FFC/kg bw. Cumulative mortality was 20.5 ± 2.0% in the challenged, unmedicated group; 11.0 ± 2.1% in the 10-mg/kg group; and 5.5 ± 2.4% in the 15-mg/kg group. Mortality was significantly less in the medicated groups than in the challenged, unmedicated control group (10 mg/kg: P = 0.0270; 15 mg/kg: P = 0.0007). Fish in both studies were necropsied, cultured for bacteria, and examined for gross lesions. The minimum inhibitory concentration of FFC against S. iniae in both studies ranged from 0.5 to 1.0 μg/mL. Florfenicol was palatable, safe, and efficacious for control of Nile tilapia mortality due to S. iniae infection.
Serum Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Status in Freshwater Juvenile Persian Sturgeon Acipenser persicus
Authors: Asadi Farzad , Hallajian Ali , Shahriari Ali , Asadian Peyman , Pourkabir Malihe 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Status of serum electrolyte and nonelectrolyte variables can be used for managing sturgeon species cultured in freshwater or living in seawater. The aim of the present study was to evaluate serum biochemical variables in clinically healthy juvenile Persian sturgeon Acipenser persicus cultured in freshwater. Serum samples from 11 females and 10 males were analyzed, and levels (mean ± SD) of the following variables were compared between sexes: glucose (Glc; 5.58 ± 1.25 mmol/L for females and 8.56 ± 1.80 mmol/L for males), total cholesterol (TC; 2.50 ± 0.45 and 2.40 ± 0.65 mmol/L), triglyceride (TG; 7.13 ± 2.68 and 5.14 ± 1.27 mmol/L), blood urea nitrogen (BUN; 1.28 ± 0.2 and 1.01 ± 0.2 mmol/L), total protein (TOP; 55.84 ± 8.77 and 41.44 ± 8.62 g/L), inorganic phosphate (Pi; 6.19 ± 1.02 and 5.23 ± 0.49 mmol/L), calcium (Ca; 2.80 ± 0.43 and 2.63 ± 0.32 mmol/L), magnesium (Mg; 0.9 ± 0.23 and 0.99 ± 0.22 mmol/L), sodium (Na; 152.80 ± 13.81 and 156.38 ± 12.67 mmol/L), potassium (K; 2.64 ± 0.58 and 2.27 ± 0.39 mmol/L), and chloride (Cl; 143 ± 13.85 and 151.67 ± 21.08 mmol/L). There were no differences in TC, Ca, Mg, Na, K, or Cl between sexes. The Glc value was lower in female Persian sturgeon than in males, whereas the values of TG, BUN, TOP, and Pi were higher in females than in males. Freshwater adaptation may affect serum ion concentrations in juvenile Persian sturgeon.
Parasites of the Pleasure Oyster Crassostrea corteziensis Cultured in Nayarit, Mexico
Authors: Cáceres-Martínez Jorge , Vásquez-Yeomans Rebeca , Padilla-Lardizábal Gloria 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
The pleasure oyster Crassostrea corteziensis is collected and cultured in Nayarit on the Pacific coast of Mexico, and the improvement and promotion of its culture are seen as a possible source for the economic development of coastal populations. However, information about the parasite fauna of the pleasure oyster is almost completely lacking. A histopathological survey carried out in two estuaries, Boca del Camichín and Pozo Chino, revealed the presence of hypertrophied gametes, rickettsiales-like prokaryotes (RLPs), the protozoan Perkinsus marinus, a protozoan Nematopsis sp., Ancistrocoma-like ciliates (ALCs), Sphenophrya-like ciliates, a turbellarian Urastoma sp., and encysted crustaceans. In general, prevalence and intensity of parasites were similar in both localities except that ALCs and encysted crustaceans were more prevalent in Pozo Chino than in Boca del Camichín. Perkinsus marinus and RLPs seem to represent a more significant risk for the health of pleasure oysters than do the other parasites, and surveillance and control of these parasites are needed for the development of pleasure oyster culture.
Mobilization of lead-zinc rich particles from mine tailings in northern Tunisia by aeolian and run-off processes
Authors: Boussen Salma , Sebei Abdelaziz , Soubrand-Colin Marilyne , Bril Hubert , Chaabani Fredj , Abdeljaouad Saadi 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Dispersion of metal rich particles from mine tailings is an important hazard for the environment. Specially, in Mediterranean context, this is potentially more risky because of the violence of climatic events. Northern Tunisia includes about 50 mining districts with an ore mineralogy consisting mainly of galena, iron sulphides and subordinate sphalerite embedded in a calcitic and baritic gangue. A century of mining exploitation left waste rich in potentially toxic elements (PTE) with values up to 46900 mg/kg for Pb and 49501 mg/kg for Zn, stored in uncontrolled and untreated deposits. The PTE contents observed in the surrounding soils generally devoted to agricultural activities are as high as 12488 mg/kg for Pb, 3485 mg/kg for Zn and 15 mg/kg for Cd. The contents in sediments downstream are also high, in the range of 47800 mg/kg for Pb, 5767 mg/kg for Zn and 36 mg/kg for Cd. PTE-bearing phases are mainly sulphides, carbonates and iron oxyhydroxydes. Because of the lack of vegetation and the presence of fine particles in the mining wastes, PTE were dispersed to nearby areas, resulting in the contamination of agricultural soils and river sediments.
Under the Mediterranean climate which includes a long dry summer with windy episodes and heavy rainfall in the winter, mine tailings are exposed to two types of erosion: hydraulic erosion with transport during heavy rainfall events and aeolian erosion inducing fine particle dispersion. Dispersion of the PTE from mine tailings in northern Tunisia presents a risk of environmental contamination and of toxicity by inhalation for the habitants near the former mining districts. Furthermore these PTE can be transferred from agricultural soils surrounding the tailings to the cultivated plants (mainly cereals).
The Spaces of Early Canada
Authors: Harris Cole 
Published: November 2010

Abstract: This article considers the relationship between the increasingly humanized spaces of early Canada and the patches of settlement that, at Confederation, were assembled into a country. It suggests that Harold Innis correctly identified some of the essential spaces of early Canada as, in his American way, did Frederick Jackson Turner. Both, however, offer limited perspectives: Innis because his analysis ill fit the areas of agricultural settlement where most people lived, Turner because of the imprecisions of his analysis and also because, in early Canada, the bounded nature of agricultural settlement severely constricted the westward expansion on which his analysis turned. But Innis was right about staple trades in non-agricultural areas, and Turner was right that areas of recent agricultural settlement were loci of particularly rapid cultural change. Both analyses can be filled in, and that, particularly with regard to Turner, this article attempts to do. In so doing, it considers the extent to which the early rural societies in Canada, the loci of most lives, can be considered to have been ideologically liberal. It also considers the particular patterns of secondary migration in and beyond bounded settlements, and their relationship to the construction and maintenance of social and cultural difference. Overall, the article suggests that the receptacles within which countries develop are important, that the Canadian and American receptacles were strikingly different, and that the spaces of early Canadian life have their continuing legacies in an ongoing engagement with sparsely settled land and with very different ways of being.
THREE ISSUES IN LEGAL ETHICS
Authors: Markovits Daniel 
Published: November 2010

A court – which is the name given the institution charged with resolving legal disputes at retail – is comprised of three elements: an umpire (judge or jury), disputants, and advocates. The court's structural purpose is legitimate (which is not the same thing as just) dispute resolution. No part of the court can stand in for the whole; each is only a part. In order for the court to achieve legitimacy, each of its components must pursue partial aims: the umpire must seek truth and justice, the parties must be free to seek advantage, and lawyers must pursue partisan loyalty. Lawyerly partisanship thus stands against truth and justice – the court's legitimacy requires this. Although rules of legal ethics might constrain hyper-zeal, the legitimacy of the court requires that lawyers' ethics avoid imposing general duties to truth and justice as this would conflate advocate and umpire. This requirement of legitimation is a direct consequence of the familiar fact of moral pluralism. There simply exist no regulative principles – including principles of justice – on which all sides of moral and political disputes can agree. Legitimacy depends on affective engagement with a process; it cannot be sustained by argument. Adjudication is part of this process; and adjudication requires partisan lawyers. Partisanship is thus ineliminable from the lawyer's life. Legal ethics must take such partisanship into account. To do so, it must take up problems associated with the lawyer's integrity. Such questions are not mere navel-gazing but are instead entirely appropriate for a profession whose place in the political division of labour renders conflicts between professional obligations and ordinary moral ambitions particularly clear and stark. Legal ethics thus cannot – for reasons that apply to ethics quite generally – ever be reduced to generic moral or political theory. And in this sense, taking the lawyer's point of view in legal ethics is not a sop to local interest but an inevitable part of any serious engagement with the legal facts and moral circumstances of the lawyer's life.
Quand le dominant vient d'ailleurs et l'étranger d'ici : l'accès aux soins en Guyane au prisme de la double altérité
Authors: Carde Estelle 
Published: November 2010

Cet article analyse l’identité que des professionnels de l’accès aux soins attribuent à certains de leurs usagers. Il explore la façon dont cette définition identitaire interfère sur les pratiques de ces professionnels, notamment en les conduisant à ne pas respecter la réglementation qu’ils sont censés appliquer. L’enquête se déroule en Guyane, où ce processus de définition identitaire prend une figure singulière : face à des usagers que la réglementation voudrait exclure de la protection sociale parce qu’ils ne satisfont pas à la condition de résidence en France, exercent des professionnels qui, eux-mêmes, en tant que Métropolitains, ont conscience de leur propre extériorité vis-à-vis de cette société d’outre-mer. C’est à l’aune de cette double altérité – la leur (qu’ils perçoivent) et celles de leurs usagers (qualifiée par la loi) – que ces professionnels interprètent la réglementation, afin de finalement décider d’intégrer ou non ces individus dans le système de soins.
Quand « le cheveu fait l'homme »
Authors: de Suremain Charles-Édouard 
Published: November 2010

Rite de passage s’il en est, la cérémonie de la première coupe de cheveux chez les paysans quechuaphones d’Amazonie bolivienne accomplit l’achèvement d’acquisitions motrices et sociales fondamentales dans les représentations locales du développement du « petit enfant » et marque les débuts de son intégration à l’« enfance ». La construction sociale du sexe, l’élargissement de l’entourage de l’enfant et des parents – à travers le choix d’un parrain ou d’une marraine « de cheveux » – et l’insertion de l’enfant dans les flux monétaires avec l’argent qui s’opèrent à cette occasion témoignent de l’évolution de son statut social et de l’affirmation de son identité (sociale, sexuelle, spirituelle). Plus largement, le traitement des cheveux est l’un des « marqueurs d’état » de la personne qui jalonnent le cycle de vie depuis la naissance jusqu’à la mort.