bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The presence of post‐traumatic stress disorder symptoms in adolescents three months after an 8·0 magnitude earthquake in southwest China
Authors: Zhang Weiqing , Jiang Xiaolian , Ho Kit‐wan , Wu Dongmei 
Published: September 2011

Aims and objectives.  The aims of the study were to describe the post‐traumatic stress disorder symptoms in adolescent survivors three months after Wenchuan 5·12 Earthquake and to explore its contributing or preventing factors.Background.  Adolescents are more vulnerable to be affected by natural disasters because of their special growth stage. Post‐traumatic stress disorder symptoms are common responses in adolescents after disasters, and its occurrence is related to some psychosocial factors.Design.  The study used a cross‐sectional design in a large sample.Methods.  A total of 1976 subjects aged 12–20 were evaluated at three months after the earthquake by using the Post‐traumatic stress disorder Checklist‐Civilian Version. The Internality, Powerful others and Chance scale and the Coping Styles Scale were also administered to the subjects at the same time.Results.  The mean total score of Post‐traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist‐Civilian Chinese Version was 33·64 (SD 11·15; range of score 17–85). The boys with a higher level of initial exposure to the earthquake had lower symptoms scores than girls with a lower level of initial exposure. Chance locus of control and power other locus of control were the powerful risk factors of post‐traumatic stress disorder symptoms, while the protective factors included withdrawing skill, internality locus of control, junior high grade and social supports.Conclusions.  Post‐traumatic stress disorder symptoms are prevalent psychiatric reactions in adolescents after earthquakes. Locus of control and coping strategy could play an important role in its occurrence and severity besides demographic factors, exposure characteristics and social support factors.Relevance to clinical practice.  This study reveals that adolescents are the vulnerable group for suffering psychological stress responses to catastrophic events. Healthcare professionals, especially school nurses, should pay more attention to adolescents after trauma. Prompt and effective intervention should be carried out to mitigate the impact of initial exposure and reduce the occurrence of post‐traumatic stress disorder symptoms.
Establishment of Recombinant Hybrid‐IgG / IgA Immunoglobulin Specific for Shiga Toxin
Authors: Tobisawa Y. , Maruyama T. , Tanikawa T. , Nakanishi K. , Kurohane K. , Imai Y. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractShiga toxin 1 produced by enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli is an AB5 toxin that is involved in the life‐threatening haemolytic‐uraemic syndrome. The B subunits (Stx1B) are cell‐binding subunits. We previously established mouse hybridoma cell line producing IgA and IgG monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against Stx1B. Here, we cloned cDNAs encoding each of the heavy, light and joining (J) chains from the hybridoma cell lines by means of the 5′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) PCR method. Upon assignment of the variable regions of the heavy and light chains to known germline sequences, we found substantial somatic hypermutation in the complementarity‐determining regions in both the IgA and IgG mAbs. We also established a hybrid‐IgG/IgA heavy chain having variable regions of the IgG mAb by means of recombinant PCR methods. Upon transient expression of the hybrid‐IgG/IgA heavy, IgG‐associated light and J chains in COS‐1 cells, the translated dimeric hybrid‐IgG/IgA bound to immobilized Stx1B, as revealed on ELISA. The production of dimeric hybrid‐IgG/IgA was revealed on immunoblot analysis. The dimeric hybrid‐IgG/IgA inhibited the binding of digoxigenin‐conjugated Stx1B to natural ligands (CD77) displayed on Burkitt’s lymphoma cell line Ramos. These results indicate that the replacement of variable regions resulted in the production of more useful recombinant dimeric IgA against Stx1B.
Review: indications for ultrasound use in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Groen Reinou S. , Leow Jeffrey J. , Sadasivam Vijay , Kushner Adam L. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryObjective  To determine the indications for using ultrasound, in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) and to assess whether its use alters clinical management.Methods  Literature review. We conducted a Pubmed search on the clinical use of ultrasound in LMIC for articles published between January 2000 and December 2010, recording country of origin, speciality and whether ultrasound use led to a change in management.Results  Fifty‐eight articles were identified from 32 countries and represented nine specialties. Ultrasound was most commonly used for assisting with the diagnosis of obstetrical conditions, followed by intra‐abdominal conditions such as liver abscesses and intussusceptions. Clinical management was altered in >30% of cases.Conclusion  Ultrasound is a highly valuable diagnostic tool in LMICs and its use should be considered essential for all district medical facilities. The use could be applied more widely, eg., for tropical and non‐communicable diseases. Additional research is needed to further characterize the impact of task shifting on ultrasound use in LMICs.
Benefit of viral load testing for confirmation of immunological failure in HIV patients treated in rural Malawi
Authors: Kanapathipillai Rupa , McGuire Megan , Mogha Robert , Szumilin Elisabeth , Heinzelmann Annette , Pujades‐Rodríguez Mar 
Published: September 2011

SummaryObjective  Viral load testing is used in the HIV programme of Chiradzulu, Malawi, to confirm the diagnosis of immunological failure to prevent unnecessary switching to second‐line therapy. Our objective was to quantify the benefit of this strategy for management of treatment failure in a large decentralized HIV programme in Africa.Methods  Retrospective analysis of monitoring data from adults treated with first‐line antiretroviral regimens for >1 year and meeting the WHO immunological failure criteria in an HIV programme in rural Malawi. The positive predictive value of using immunological failure criteria to diagnose virological failure (viral load >5000 copies/ml) was estimated.Results  Of the 227 patients with immunological failure (185 confirmed with a repeat CD4 measurement), 155 (68.2%) had confirmatory viral load testing. Forty‐four (28.4%) had viral load >5000 copies/ml and 57 (36.8%) >1000 copies/ml. Positive predictive value was 28.4% (95% CI 21.4–36.2%). Repeat CD4 count testing showed that 41% of patients initially diagnosed with immunological failure did no longer meet failure criteria.Conclusions  Our results support the need for confirming all cases of immunological failure with viral load testing before switching to second‐line ART to optimize the use of resources in developing countries.
Predicted metabolizable energy density and amino acid profile of the crop contents of free‐living scarlet macaw chicks (Ara macao)
Authors: Cornejo J. , Dierenfeld E. S. , Bailey C. A. , Brightsmith D. J. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryHand rearing of neonates is a common practice for the propagation of psittacines. However, nutritional requirements for their growth and development are not well understood, and malnutrition is common. We analysed the amino acid (AA) profile of the crop contents of 19 free‐living scarlet macaw (Ara macao) chicks, 19–59 days old. Predicted metabolizable energy (PME) density was 16.9 MJ/kg DM and true protein (total AA protein) 8.3 g/MJ PME. Crude protein (CP) was 10.0 g/MJ PME, lower than the requirements of 0‐ to 12‐week‐old leghorn chicks but not different than the requirements of growing budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) and lovebirds (Agapornis spp.). The mean concentrations of leucine, isoleucine, threonine, lysine (Lys) and methionine on a PME basis were below the minimum requirements of 0‐ to 12–week‐old leghorn‐type chicks. The calculated PME density of the samples did not vary with age. However, there was a significant negative correlation between the average age of the chicks and the Lys concentration. We conclude that the lower CP and AA densities compared with poultry could result from a combination of (i) differences in the essential AA composition of the body tissues, (ii) adaptations that allow the birds to grow on low‐protein food sources and (iii) suboptimal nutrition of these free‐ranging chicks.
Effect of Different Egg Yolk‐Based Extenders on the Quality of Ovine Cauda Epididymal Spermatozoa during Storage at 4°C
Authors: Lone FA , Islam R , Khan MZ , Sofi KA 
Published: September 2011

ContentsCauda epididymal spermatozoa were obtained from testicles collected from abattoir(s). The pooled sperm samples were divided into four aliquots. Each aliquot was washed separately with the buffer of respective extender and finally extended with the four extenders viz. egg yolk–citrate (EYC), egg yolk–citrate–fructose (EYCF), Tris–citric acid–egg yolk–fructose (TCEYF) and egg yolk–Mcillvaine glucose (EYMG) and preserved at 4°C. The per cent sperm motility for EYC, EYCF, TCEYF and EYMG at 0 h was 50.83%, 56.67%, 75.00% and 31.67%, respectively, and at 72 h was 24.17% (EYC), 30.83% (EYCF), 51.67% (TCEYF) and 7.50% (EYMG). The corresponding figures for live sperm count at 0 h was 83.17%, 86.33%, 90.42% and 81.75% and at 72 h was 64.75%, 73.92%, 76.00% and 57.67%. The corresponding figures for mean per cent intact acrosome at 0 h was 95.33%, 95.50%, 90.92% and 97.25% and at 72 h was 86.17%, 83.92%, 77.58% and 86.33%. The sperm motility was significantly (p < 0.05) higher for TCEYF at different h of preservation from 0 h through 72 h. The sperm motility, live sperm count and per cent intact acrosome declined significantly (p < 0.05) with the advancement of storage time in all the four extenders. Our study concluded that TCEYF was best out of the extenders studied for preservation of cauda epididymal spermatozoa after double centrifugation and extension at 4°C up to 72 h of preservation. However, EYCF also has better potential for the preservation of cauda epididymal spermatozoa as viability was in close proximity and acrosomal integrity was higher compared with TCEYF extender.
Luteal Function and Follicular Growth Following Follicular Aspiration During the Peri‐Luteolysis Period in Bos indicus and Crossbred Cattle
Authors: Bisinotto RS , Ibiapina BT , Pontes EO , Bertan CM , Satrapa R , Barros CM , Binelli M 
Published: September 2011

ContentsFollicular estradiol triggers luteolysis in cattle. Therefore, the control of follicle growth and steroidogenesis is expected to modulate luteal function and might be used as an anti‐luteolytic strategy to improve embryo survival. Objectives were to evaluate follicular dynamics, plasma concentrations of estradiol and luteal lifespan in Bos indicus and crossbred cows subjected to sequential follicular aspirations. From D13 to D25 of a synchronized cycle (ovulation = D1), Nelore or crossbred, non‐pregnant and non‐lactating cows were submitted to daily ultrasound‐guided aspiration of follicles >6 mm (n = 10) or to sham aspirations (n = 8). Diameter of the largest follicle on the day of luteolysis (7.4 ± 1.0 vs 9.7 ± 1.0 mm; mean ± SEM), number of days in which follicles >6 mm were present (2.3 ± 0.4 vs 4.6 ± 0.5 days) and daily mean diameter of the largest follicle between D15 and D19 (6.4 ± 0.2 vs 8.5 ± 0.3 mm) were smaller (p < 0.01) in the aspirated group compared with the control group, respectively. Aspiration tended to reduce (p < 0.10) plasma estradiol concentrations between D18 and D20 (2.95 ± 0.54 vs 4.30 ± 0.55 pg/ml). The luteal lifespan was similar (p > 0.10) between the groups (19.6 ± 0.4 days), whereas the oestrous cycle was longer (p < 0.01) in the aspirated group (31.4 ± 1.2 vs 21.2 ± 1.3 days). Hyperechogenic structures were present at the sites of aspiration and were associated with increase in concentration of progesterone between luteolysis and oestrus. It is concluded that follicular aspiration extended the oestrous cycle and decreased the average follicular diameter on the peri‐luteolysis period but failed to delay luteolysis.
Effect of dust storm events on daily emergency admissions for respiratory diseases
Authors: TAM WILSON W.S. , WONG TZE WAI , WONG ANDROMEDA H.S. , HUI DAVID S.C. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTBackground and objective:  The harmful effect of dust storm on lung health is controversial. This study aimed to assess any associations between dust storms and emergency hospital admissions due to respiratory disease in Hong Kong.Methods:  Data on daily emergency admissions for respiratory diseases to major hospitals in Hong Kong, and indices of air pollutants and meteorological variables from January 1998 to December 2002 were obtained from several government departments. We identified five dust storm days during the study period. Independent t‐tests were used to compare the mean daily number of admissions on dust storm and non‐dust storm days. Case‐crossover analysis using the Poisson regression was used to examine the effects of PM10 to emergency hospital admissions due to respiratory diseases.Results:  Significant increases in emergency hospital admission due to COPD were found 2 days after dust storm episode. The relative risk of PM10 for lag 2 days was 1.05 (95% CI: 1.01–1.09) per 10 µg/m3.Conclusions:  Dust storms have an adverse effect on emergency hospital admission for COPD in Hong Kong. This also suggests the adverse effect of coarse particles on lung health.
Use of Cefoperazone/sulbactam in neonates
Authors: Ovali Fahri , Gursoy Tugba , Sari Ilkay , Divrikli Demet , Aktas Alev 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackground:  Neonates are at high risk for nosocomial infections due to multidrug‐resistant pathogens. The use of β‐lactamase inhibitors in combination with β‐lactam antibiotics broadens the antimicrobial spectrum. Cefoperazone/sulbactam is used in children but there are limited data on its usage in neonates. The purpose of the present study was therefore to evaluate the use of cefoperazone/sulbactam in the treatment of neonatal infections caused by multidrug‐resistant pathogens.Methods:  The records of neonates who were hospitalized and who received cefoperazone/sulbactam were reviewed.Results:  There were 90 infants who received cefoperazone/sulbactam. A pathogen could be isolated in 41 (45.6%) of the infants. In total, 17.1% of isolated pathogens were resistant to cefoperazone/sulbactam. Side‐effects were seen in four of the infants. Two infants had cholestasis, one infant had neutropenia and one had superinfection with candida.Conclusion:  Cefoperazone/sulbactam can be used in the treatment of nosocomial infections caused by multidrug‐resistant pathogens in neonates.
Arabinoxylans and inulin differentially modulate the mucosal and luminal gut microbiota and mucin‐degradation in humanized rats
Authors: Van den Abbeele Pieter , Gérard Philippe , Rabot Sylvie , Bruneau Aurélia , El Aidy Sahar , Derrien Muriel , Kleerebezem Michiel , Zoetendal Erwin G. , Smidt Hauke , Verstraete Willy , Van de Wiele Tom , Possemiers Sam 
Published: September 2011

SummaryThe endogenous gut microbiota affects the host in many ways. Prebiotics should favour beneficial intestinal microbes and thus improve host health. In this study, we investigated how a novel class of potential prebiotic long‐chain arabinoxylans (LC‐AX) and the well‐established prebiotic inulin (IN) modulate the gut microbiota of humanized rats. Six weeks after axenic rats were inoculated with a human faecal microbiota, their colonic microbiota was similar to this inoculum (∼ 70%), whereas their caecal microbiota was enriched with Verrucomicrobia and Firmicutes concomitant with lower abundance of Bacteroidetes. Moreover, different Bifidobacterium species colonized the lumen (B. adolescentis) and mucus (B. longum and B. bifidum). Both LC‐AX and IN increased SCFA levels and induced a shift from acetate towards health‐promoting propionate and butyrate respectively. By applying a high‐resolution phylogenetic micro‐array (HITChip) at the site of fermentation (caecum), IN and LC‐AX were shown to stimulate bacterial groups with known butyrate‐producers (Roseburia intestinalis, Eubacterium rectale, Anaerostipes caccae) and bifidobacteria (B. longum) respectively. Prebiotic administration also resulted in lower caecal abundances of the mucin‐degrading Akkermansia muciniphila and potentially more mucin production by the host. Both factors might explain the increased caecal mucin levels for LC‐AX (threefold) and IN (sixfold). These mucins were degraded along the colon, resulting in high faecal abundances of Akkermansia muciniphila for LC‐AX and especially IN‐treated rats. Finally, the microbial changes caused an adaptation period for the host with less weight gain, after which the host fine‐tuned the interaction with this altered microbiota. Our results demonstrate that next to IN, LC‐AX are promising prebiotic compounds by stimulating production of health‐promoting metabolites by specific microbes in the proximal regions. Further, prebiotic supplementation shifted mucin degradation to distal regions, where mucin‐degraders may produce beneficial metabolites (e.g. propionate by Akkermansia muciniphila), so that prebiotics may potentially improve gut health along the entire length of the intestine.
Factors predicting deviation from an enhanced recovery programme and delayed discharge after laparoscopic colorectal surgery
Authors: Boulind C. E. , Yeo M. , Burkill C. , Witt A. , James E. , Ewings P. , Kennedy R. H. , Francis N. K. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAim  The study aimed to identify factors that predict postoperative deviation from an enhanced recovery programme (ERP) and/or delayed discharge following colorectal surgery.Method  Data were prospectively collected from all patients undergoing elective laparoscopic colorectal resection between January 2006 and December 2009. They included Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the enUmeration of Mortality and morbidity (POSSUM) variables, body mass index (BMI), sex, preoperative serum albumin, pathology, conversion from a laparoscopic to an open approach and postoperative length of hospital stay.Results  There were 176 patients (90 women) of mean age 68 years. Fifteen (9%) operations were converted from laparoscopic to open. The remainder were completed laparoscopically. Fifty‐five (31%) deviated from the ERP, with most failing multiple elements. The most common reason was failure to mobilize, which often occurred in conjunction with paralytic ileus or analgesic failure. Factors independently predicting ERP deviation on multivariate analysis were pathology and intra‐operative complications. The median length of stay was 5 days. Sixty‐four (36%) patients had a prolonged length of stay that was predicted by age, number of procedures and ERP deviation.Conclusion  Pathology and intra‐operative complications are independent predictors of ERP deviation. Prolonged length of stay can be predicted by age, multiple procedures and ERP deviation. Failure to mobilize should be considered as a red flag sign prompting further investigation following colorectal resection.
Hormone therapy for prostate cancer and the risk of stroke: a 5‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Chung Shiu‐Dong , Chen Yi‐Kuang , Wu Fang‐Jen , Lin Herng‐Ching 
Published: September 2011

Study Type – Therapy (outcomes)Level of Evidence 2cWhat's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Numerous studies have consistently reported that long‐term use of ADT for PC may increase the risk of fractures, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases.There was no significant difference in risk of stroke between ethnic Chinese PC patients who did and did not receive ADT.OBJECTIVE
To examine the 5‐year risk of stroke among patients with prostate cancer (PC) receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in Taiwan, using a population‐based dataset.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
This prospective case–control study used data sourced from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database.
The study included 365 patients with PC; 64 (17.6%) received ADT for more than 1 month.
Cox proportional hazards regression was used to evaluate the association between ADT and the risk of stroke during the subsequent 5‐year follow‐up period, after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation and hyperlipidaemia.
RESULTS
In the total sample of 365 patients with PC, 68 (18.6%) patients had strokes during the 5‐year follow‐up period. These included 11 patients with PC who received ADT (17.2% of all patients who received ADT) and 57 patients who did not receive ADT (18.9% of patients who did not receive ADT).
After adjusting for potential confounders, no significant difference in the hazard of stroke was found between patients with PC who did and did not receive ADT (hazard ratio, 1.09; 95% confidence interval, 0.80–1.50).
CONCLUSION
There was no significant difference in the risk of stroke between ethnic Chinese patients with PC who did and did not receive ADT, after adjusting for potential confounders.
Re‐examining a measure of diabetes‐related burden in parents of young people with Type 1 diabetes: the Problem Areas in Diabetes Survey – Parent Revised version (PAID‐PR)
Authors: Markowitz J. T. , Volkening L. K. , Butler D. A. , Antisdel‐Lomaglio J. , Anderson B. J. , Laffel L. M. B. 
Published: September 2011

Diabet. Med. 29, 526–530 (2012)AbstractAims  In a pediatric patients, the burden of diabetes lies within the family. In the current era of intensive insulin therapy, perceived parental burden may affect the family’s efforts at effective diabetes management. The aims of this study were to re‐examine and revise a measure of perceived parental burden associated with caring for a child with diabetes in the current era.Methods  A geographically diverse population of young people (N = 376) with Type 1 diabetes and their parents included participants in the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation continuous glucose monitoring study and patients from the Joslin Diabetes Center. Participants provided data on demographics, diabetes management, diabetes‐specific family conflict, and quality of life at baseline and after 6 months of follow‐up.Results  Young people were 12.9 ± 2.7 years old with diabetes duration of 6.3 ± 3.5 years. Mean HbA1C was 8.0 ± 1.2%(64 mmol/mol), 58% received insulin pump therapy, and young people monitored blood glucose 5.2 ± 2.3 times/day. Factor analysis yielded two factors, ‘Immediate Burden’ and ‘Theoretical Burden’. The Problem Areas in Diabetes Survey – Parent Revised version (PAID‐PR) demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.87; factor 1 α = 0.78; factor 2 α = 0.83). Greater parental burden was associated with more frequent blood glucose monitoring, higher HbA1C levels, greater diabetes‐specific family conflict, and lower quality of life. Test–retest analysis was acceptable (r = 0.62).Conclusions  The PAID‐PR demonstrated excellent internal consistency, good test‐retest reliability, and associations with diabetes‐specific family conflict and quality of life. This brief measure may have both clinical and research utility in the management of young people with Type 1 diabetes.