bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2:4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine, A Suitable Reagent for the Colorimetric Determination of Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Pesez Maurice 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Carbonyl compounds are determined by a method based on the stable orange colour of 2:4-dinitrophenylhydrazones in acidic medium. Under such conditions the blank test is negligible. The method proved useful for the determination of aliphatic, aromatic and steroid compounds.
2-Hydroxyiminomethyl-N-Methylpyridinium Methanesulphonate (P2S), An Antidote to Organophosphorus Poisoning. Its Preparation, Estimation and Stability
Authors: Creasey N H , Green A L 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
2-Hydroxyiminomethyl-N-methylpyridinium methanesulphonate (P2S) is prepared by boiling pyridine-2-aldoxime with methyl methanesulphonate in benzene. It can be estimated both in water and in biological materials by measuring its ultra-vìolet absorption in alkaline solution. In aqueous solution it is slowly decomposed by heat or prolonged storage with some cyanide ion formation. The stability varies with pH, being optimal at pH 4–5. P2S can be satisfactorily sterilised by filtration through a “millipore” filter.
The Metabolism of Ouabain in the Rat
Authors: Cox Elizabeth , Roxburgh G , Wright S E 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The urinary and biliary excretion of ouabain by rats has been estimated by paper chromatographic, colorimetric and biological methods of assay. After a dose of 1 μg./g., ouabain was excreted to the extent of approximately 90 per cent in bile and 4 per cent in urine. No metabolites of ouabain retaining the unsaturated lactone ring could be detected at this dose, but after extremely high doses traces of such metabolites were present. The influence of the polarity of the molecule on its excretion is discussed.
Paper Chromatography of Some Tissue Amines
Authors: West G B 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
When solutions of adrenaline, noradrenaline, histamine, 5-hydroxy-tryptamine and related amines in trichloroacetic, trifluoroacetic or picric acid are chromatographed in various organic solvent systems, the active material divides into two areas. If a basic amino acid is included in the solution before chromatography, the separation becomes more complete. It is suggested that the second area consists of a loose complex between the amine and the corresponding acid. When solutions of the amines in hydrochloric, acetic or oxalic acid are chromatographed, the active material resides only in one area.
The Effect of Muscle Contraction on the Blood Flow and on the Vascular Responses to Adrenaline, Noradrenaline and Isoprenaline in Individual Skeletal Muscles of the Cat
Authors: Bowman W C 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The effect of muscle contraction on the rate of venous outflow and on the vascular responses to adrenaline, noradrenaline and isoprenaline was studied in individual muscles of the hind limbs of cats under chloralose anaesthesia. The maximum hyperaemia arising from contraction was produced when maximal twitches were elicited at frequencies which varied in different experiments from 1 to 8 per second, that is, frequencies well below those required to produce tetanus. During prolonged tetanic contractions the tension in the muscles soon fell to become constant at a lower level. This fall in tension reduced the mechanical impedance to flow and allowed vasodilatation to occur. In the tibialis anterior muscle the maximum hyperaemia was reached during the constant tension phase of the tetanus but in the soleus, the tension of which is maintained at a higher level, mechanical compression impeded the flow throughout the contraction. Both local vasodilator and vasoconstrictor actions of the sympathomimetic amines were reduced during the hyperaemia of muscle contraction. During contraction the muscle blood flow was markedly influenced by changes in mean arterial pressure. Thus isoprenaline, although a dilator substance in resting muscle, often passively reduced the blood flow through a contracting muscle, when injected intravenously, because of its hypotensive action. The reverse occurred with intravenously administered adrenaline and noradrenaline. The rise in blood pressure produced by these amines often forced more blood through the contracting muscle despite a weak local constrictor action.
A Sloping Screen Method for the Bioassay of Insulin in Mice
Authors: Stephenson N R 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A quantal response method for the bioassay of insulin is described employing a sloping screen for the detection of hypoglycaemic symptoms in insulin-treated mice. This procedure tends to eliminate the personal bias which may occur in assays using convulsive seizures or a state of collapse as the criterion of the response to insulin. In a comparison of this method with that described for insulin in the British Pharmacopoeia1, it was found that although the slopes of the log dose-response lines did not differ significantly, the procedure using the sloping screen for detecting the response required a larger dose of insulin. Mice primed with 5 mU. of insulin before their routine use in assays were more uniform in their response than unprimed mice. The presence of a retarding agent such as gelatin or protamine added to insulin did not influence the slope of the log dose-response line, but may under special conditions delay the absorption of insulin from the injection site. Evidence has been obtained which suggests that the amount of daylight to which the mice are exposed may have a significant effect on the precision of the assay.
Further Observations on the Biological Properties of Dequalinium (Dequadin) and Hedaquinium (Teoquel)
Authors: Collier H O J , Cox W A , Huskinson Patricia L , Robinson F A 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The activity of dequalinium and hedaquinium against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans is strongly antagonised by the sodium salts of fatty acids, but not by a number of detergents and a commercial liquid soap. Sufficient antagonism was shown by agar to render invalid the results obtained in assays of these antimicrobial agents by the agar plate method. Human saliva had only a slight antagonistic action on both substances. Twenty-one strains of Candida albicans showed some variation in sensitivity towards hedaquinium and dequalinium but none was particularly resistant. Both antimicrobial agents inhibited the growth of Pityrosporum ovale and Trichomonas vaginalis. Both compounds were adsorbed by human or bovine hair on which some remained after repeated washing with water. In cats dequalinium and hedaquinium blocked neuromuscular and ganglionic transmission when injected intravenously in amounts many times greater than the effective dose of suxamethonium chloride. When administered intravenously to mice, hedaquinium in relatively high doses exerted a brief paralysing action.
The Water-Soluble Carbohydrates of Papaver Somniferum L
Authors: Ottestad Eli , Brochmann-Hanssen Einar , Ösieth Dagrun , Nordal Arnold 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
From an aqueous extract of opium poppy capsules of Yugoslavian origin, the following carbohydrates were isolated: glucose, fructose, sucrose, sedoheptulose, mannoheptulose, plus a complex polysaccharide. The polysaccharide was isolated in two different ways, by means of an ion exchange resin and by precipitation with ethanol. The first-mentioned procedure appeared to give the most genuine product, as the substance thus obtained formed a gel when sulphuric acid was added to an aqueous solution. Enzymatic hydrolysis with a pectase preparation liberated arabinose. The product isolated by ethanol precipitation gave no arabinose upon treatment with the enzyme preparation. By hydrolysis with acid, both products yielded the same monosaccharides, arabinose, xylose, rhamnose, glucose, galactose, uronic acid, and an unidentified component.
The Antagonism of the Antibacterial Action of Mercury Compounds: Part II. Factors Affecting the Action of Mercuric Chloride
Authors: Cook A M , Steel K J 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Increase in the peptone concentration of the medium causes an increase in the amount of mercuric chloride necessary for bacteriostasis whilst an increase in the sodium chloride content decreases it. The age of the organisms is a factor likely to produce variability in the results and the use of a stored suspension of organisms is suitable for reducing this. Suspensions prepared from plate cultures are less satisfactory than those from slope cultures. The number of viable cells in inocula affects the bacteriostatic concentration of mercuric chloride, an increased concentration of bacteriostat being required with an increased number of organisms. The addition of heat-killed cells appears to make no appreciable difference to the bacteriostatic activity of mercuric chloride.
Studies on a New Cellulase Preparation From Penicillium
Authors: Lindvall Sven , Fredrik A , Eriksson V 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The properties of a new cellulase preparation from Penicillium were studied. In particular, its action upon some vegetable substrates was investigated under varying experimental conditions, and the possibility of its containing at least two enzymes is discussed. Comparative studies were made with an enzyme preparation from Aspergillus oryzae.
On the Fluorimetric Determination of Adrenaline and Noradrenaline
Authors: Canbäck T , Harthon J G L 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A modification of the fluorimetric method for the determination of adrenaline and noradrenaline in pharmaceutical solutions is described. In this method sulphite present is destroyed with iodine, the added excess of which is reduced with arsenous acid, a manipulation which does not affect the fluorescence obtainable.
The Anti-Anaphylactic Activity of Ethanolamine and Choline
Authors: Smith W G 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Ethanolamine, N-methylethanolamine, N-dimethylethanolamine and choline have anti-anaphylactic activity in actively sensitised guinea-pigs. Administered alone their activity is slight, but they considerably potentiate the limited protection afforded by mepyramine. Ethanolamine has been shown to inhibit the release of the slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis in guinea-pig lung subjected to anaphylaxis in vitro.
Antituberculosis Agents: Part VII. 4,4′-Dipyridyl Sulphone and Related Compounds
Authors: Comrie A M , Stenlake J B 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Pyridine-4-sulphinic acid, 4,4′-dipyridyl sulphone and other related 4-pyridyl sulphides and 4-pyridyl sulphones have been prepared.
The Activity of Polymethylene-Bis-4-Aminoquinaldinium Salts Against Pityrosporum Ovale and Candida Albicans
Authors: Cox W A , D'Arcy P F 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A homologous series of polymethylene-bis-4-aminoquinaldinium salts has been shown to possess marked fungistatic activity against the potential pathogens Candida albicans and Pityrosporum ovale. The peak of antifungal activity against C. albicans occurs at a chain length (CH2)12, whilst against P. ovale the most active member of the series has a chain length (CH2)6. The decamethylene member (dequalinium), shows a potent and rapid fungicidal activity against both yeasts; quantitative data, from experiments involving short periods of drug-yeast contact, indicates that this activity of dequalinium is a function of the concentration of the quaternary compound and of the time of exposure.
The Action of Procaine At the Neuromuscular Junction
Authors: Straughan D W 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The mode of action of procaine at the neuromuscular junction has been studied in the rat isolated phrenic nerve diaphragm preparation. Procaine had no effect on the response to indirect stimulation in concentrations below 8 × 10−5. But 2 × 10−5 procaine reduced the neostigmine potentiated twitch to its normal size, and caused a significant reduction in the amount of acetylcholine released by a period of tetanus. This is thought to be due to a selective local anaesthetic action on the fine motor nerve terminals.
Anatomical Studies in the Genus Rubvs: Part IV. Anatomical Variations in the Leaves of Cultivated Varieties ofR. idaeus L. andR. loganobaccus L. H. Bailey, and of certain Species of Bramble
Authors: Fell K R , Rowson J M 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Differential anatomical characters of the leaves of cultivated varieties of R. idaeus L. and R. loganobaccus L. H. Bailey, and of certain species of bramble, are described and illustrated. The comparative anatomical characters of raspberry, blackberry and loganberry leaves, including these varieties and species, is discussed.
Curare-Like Drugs and Cardiovagal Synapses: Comparativf Study in vitro on Isolated Guinea-Pig Vagus-Heart Preparation
Authors: Bella D Della , Rognoni F , Gopal K 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Isolated vagus-heart preparations from guinea-pigs have been used for a comparative study of the ability of curare-like drugs to block the effects of preganglionic stimulation of the vagi on the heart, in vitro. The following drugs all had this property and have been arranged in order of decreasing potency in this respect: hexafluorenium, gallamine, laudexium, decamethonium, tubocurarine, suxamethonium and succinyldisulphocholine.
Analgesic and Antipyretic Properties of Some Aspirin Derivatives
Authors: Weaver L C , Richards Alice B , Martin H E 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Several derivatives of acetylsalicylic acid have been tested for analgesic and antipyretic properties in mice and rats. o-Diphenylacetoxy benzoic acid (O-(diphenylacetyl)salicylic acid; DPA) is a superior analgesic but an inferior antipyretic to aspirin, DPA has a low toxicity: it failed to show significant anti-inflammatory or tranquillising properties. In dogs it produced only slight and transient falls in blood pressure and there was no appreciable effect on the direct or reflex muscle preparation.
The Determination of Oestradiol Dipropionate in Oils
Authors: Snair D W , Schwinghamer L A 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A method of assay of oestradiol dipropionate in pharmaceutical preparations is described in which interfering substances are removed from the solvent oils by partition chromatography. Oestradiol dipropionate is determined as oestradiol after acid hydrolysis of the oil solution using the iron phenol reagent.
Absorption and Elimination of Griseofulvin from the Alimentary Tract of the Rat
Authors: Davis B , Child K J , Tomich E G 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A new method is described for determining griseofulvin in the alimentary canal of rats dosed orally with the antibiotic: slightly modified, the method was used for measuring faecal griseofulvin. Attempts have been made to correlate the appearance of griseofulvin in the blood stream with its disappearance from the alimentary canal and to assess how much of a single oral dose is absorbed. Lack of griseofulvin at its main absorption sites in the alimentary tract was not responsible for the decline in blood level 4 hr. after oral dosing, because substantial amounts of unabsorbed antibiotic were then still present. Faecal elimination of griseofulvin, as determined by the new assay, is much greater than reported earlier.
The Mechanism of the Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Salicylate
Authors: Marks V , Smith M J H , Cunliffe A C 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Salicylate reduced the leakage of circulating dye in the reversed passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction in the guinea pig. 2,4-Dinitrophenol, although a more powerful uncoupling reagent than salicylate, had no effect compared to corresponding control animals. In this test in the guinea-pig, salicylate inhibits the increased capillary permeability due to cutaneous anaphylaxis and to histamine, but not to Miles-Wilhelm permeability factor. It is concluded that the effect of salicylate in reducing the increased capillary permeability produced in these reactions does not result from an uncoupling action on oxidative phosphorylation processes. The results suggest that salicylates act by preventing antigen-antibody combinations from exerting their effects on the capillary wall.
A Note on Irradiated Heparin: Some Biological and Chemical Properties
Authors: Adams S S , Heathcote B V , MaCey P E 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The effect of gamma radiation and high energy electrons on the anticoagulant and antilipaemic properties of heparin has been investigated. There was a fall in both activities, but the anticoagulant was reduced more readily than the antilipaemic. After electron bombardment the anticoagulant activities of two different batches of heparin were reduced almost identically, an unexpected finding since such a high degree of reproducibility is not possible with chemical degradation.
Amino-Acid Decarboxylase Activities in Rat Hepatoma
Authors: MacKay D , Riley J F , Shepherd D M 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The effects of pH, substrate concentration and addition of benzene on the rate of histamine production by extracts of rat hepatoma and guinea-pig kidney have been determined, and manometric studies of the DOPA and 5-HTP decarboxylase activities of these extracts have also been made. The histidine decarboxylases of the two tissues have quite different properties, and the histidine decarboxylase of the rat hepatoma is not associated with 5-HTP and DOPA decarboxylase activities. Whereas the urinary histamine output of hepatoma-bearing female August rats is greatly raised, the 5-HIAA output lies within the normal range.
Some Observations on the Curarising Activity of Gonioma Kamassi, E. May
Authors: Lock J A 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The total bases from Gonioma kamassi have been divided into tertiary and quaternary fractions and electrophoretic patterns of these are shown. The LD50 values for mice of the various fractions have been determined. The curariform action has been located in the quaternary fractions, and potencies estimated in comparison with tubocurarine. The curariform action has been shown to be truly neuromuscular, and strong evidence presented that the action is depolarising. Effects on respiration and duration of blocking action, compared with tubocurarine have been shown, and the presence of a prolonged parasympathetic ganglion blocking activity in the quaternary fraction is also demonstrated.
The Chemical Assay of Digitalis
Authors: Bhatt J G , Brindle H , MacDonald A D 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A method suggested by Williams (1958) for the separation of “digitoxin” and “primary glycosides” from digitalis leaf extract, using a column of cellulose powder, has been re-investigated. Two digitalis leaf samples were assayed chemically for their content of total glycosides, “digitoxin” and “primary glycosides”, using a solution of 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid as the reagent. The total activity and the activity of the two fractions, namely “digitoxin” and “primary glycosides”, were also determined biologically using rabbit isolated auricles and pigeons (U.S.P. XV method). From the results of the chemical assays it was concluded that in some assays some substance, less biologically active than digitoxin must react with the reagent used, and in others the full biological activity was not indicated chemically. Biological estimations indicated that the two fractions were almost equal in potency, and that they accounted for the total activity. Comparisons of the activities of “pure” digitoxin and desacetyldigilanid A by biological methods confirmed that the primary glycoside was almost three times as active as digitoxin.
Pharmacognosy of Indian Substitutes of Male Fern: I. Dryopteris Ramosa (Hope) C. Chr. andD. Chrysocoma (Christ) C. Chr
Authors: Mehra P N , Mittal T C 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A taxonomic description, and the macroscopy and microscopy of the rhizome and leaf bases of Dryopteris ramosa (Hope) C. Chr. and D. chrysocoma (Christ) C. Chr. are given. Both the species compare very favourably in oleoresinous content and “crude filicin” with the official male fern. Because of their abundance in nature they could be commercially exploited. Like the official male fern, both the species possess schizogenous cavities in the ground tissue with internal glands. D. ramosa is devoid of sclerotic nests while a few of these are present in the other species both in the rhizome as well as in the leaf bases.
16α,17α-Isopropylidenedioxy-6α-Methylpregna-1,4-Diene-3,20-Dione (B.D.H. 3144). A New Anti-Inflammatory Agent
Authors: Bianchi C , David A , Ellis B , Petrow V , Waddington-Feather S , Woodward (Miss) E J 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The preparation and anti-inflammatory properties of the title compound and of some related structures are reported. B.D.H. 3144 (16α,17α-Isopropylidenedioxy-6α-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione) is found to be a potent anti-inflammatory agent which approaches prednisolone in activity
A Furfural Reagent of High Specificity for the Detection of Carbamates on Paper Chromatograms
Authors: Moss M S , Jackson J V 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A spot reaction with high specificity for the detection of carbamates, and its application to paper chromatograms, is described. Chromatographic separation methods are given, together with results obtained on a number of currently used carbamate drugs. The incorporation of the reagent in a normal screening procedure for acidic and neutral drugs is suggested
The Effect of Trichloroacetic Acid on the Paper Chromatography of Tissue Amines
Authors: Robinson B , Shepherd D M 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The nature of the artifacts formed in the paper chromatography of solutions of catechol amines, histamine, and various tryptamine derivatives in trichloroacetic acid (TCA) has been considered. With TCA solutions of histamine the artifact is not the corresponding N-acyl derivative. It is suggested the production of these artifacts is assisted by the formation of molecular complexes between the above compounds, acting as electron donors, and the TCA acting as electron acceptor. A solvent is described which eliminates multiple spot formation when TCA solutions of the above type are subjected to paper chromatography
Pharmacological and Biochemical Effects of 5-Hydroxytryptamine in Adrenalectomised Rats
Authors: Garattini S , Lamesta L , Mortari A , Palma V , Valzelli L 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
In adrenalectomised rats 5-hydroxytryptamine induces a fall of temperature and blood pressure which is more marked than in intact animals. This hypersensitivity is not related to changes in tissue monoamine oxidase or serum ceruloplasmin. Administration of 5-HT raises the levels of tissue 5-HT in adrenalectomised rats to the same extent as in control rats
The Effect of Pipetting on the Concentration of Homogeneous Spore Suspensions
Authors: Gerrard H N , Parker M S , Porter G S 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A concentrating effect produced by the pipetting of suspensions of spores of B. subtilis has been followed by using a spectrophotometer to determine optical densities of suspensions of spores and volumetric dilutions of such suspensions made by pipetting. The behaviour of suspensions of spores in capillary tubes has been investigated and used to explain in part the concentrating phenomenon