bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbiological and Immunological Studies of Adult Periodontitis in Patients with Noninsulin‐Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Zambon Joseph J. , Reynolds Homer , Fisher John G. , Shlossman Marc , Dunford Robert , Genco Robert J. 
Published: March 2012

The subgingival microflora and serum antibody response was examined in Periodontitis patients with noninsulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and normal glucose tolerance (NGT). The predominant cultivable microflora was determined for subgingival plaque sampled from two deep periodontal pockets in each of eight adult Periodontitis patients with NIDDM. Indirect immunofluorescence for Bactewides intermedius, Bacteroides gingivalis, and Haemophilus actinomycetemcomitans was used to examine these same samples as well as 186 additional subgingival plaque samples from 47 patients with moderate to severe generalized Periodontitis including 25 subjects with NIDDM, six subjects with IGT, and 16 subjects with NGT. Serum antibody levels to 13 microorganisms including seven oral bacterial species and one nonoral control species were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) in 377 subjects including 84 normal subjects without periodontal disease, 112 normal subjects with Periodontitis, 19 periodontally normal subjects with IGT, 65 Periodontitis patients with IGT, 15 periodontally normal subjects with NIDDM, and 82 Periodontitis patients with NIDDM.Three hundred eighty‐two bacterial isolates were recovered from the eight patients. B. intermedius was the most frequently isolated microorganism constituting 16% of the total isolates followed by Wolinella recta and B. gingivalis, which each accounted for 13% of the total. Streptococcus sanguis was the most prevalent microorganism, which was found in 75% of the sites. Subgingival plaque samples examined by immunofluorescence demonstrate a high prevalence of black‐pigmented Bacteroides and suggest that the proportion of B. gingivalis but not B. intermedius is higher in NIDDM with Periodontitis than in other groups. Serological studies of B. gingivalis from patients with NIDDM indicate that these isolates comprise a serogroup distinct from those found in adult Periodontitis patients without diabetes. Serum IgG antibody levels were significantly elevated in nondiabetic, IGT, and NIDDM patients with Periodontitis toward both B. gingivalis strains tested. Nondiabetic Periodontitis patients had significantly elevated levels of serum IgG toward B. intermedius strain 9336 while Periodontitis patients with IGT had significantly elevated antibody levels to B. intermedius strain 25261.Microbiologic and immunologic data from the present study suggests that B. intermedius. W. recta, and B. gingivalis are important in the etiology of Periodontitis in adult patients with NIDDM.
In Situ Lymphocyte Subpopulations from Active versus Stable Periodontal Sites
Authors: Reinhardt Richard A. , Bolton Ronald W. , McDonald Thomas L. , DuBois Linda M. , Kaidahl Wayne B. 
Published: March 2012

The purpose of this study was to evaluate lymphocyte subset densities and distributions within gingival biopsies from active sites (>2 mm clinical attachment loss within three months of biopsy) versus clinically similar but stable or healthy sites. Small interproximal gingival biopsies representing at least one of each of the above categories were obtained from each of 20 periodontal maintenance patients. Serial cryostat sections displaying a cross section of the gingiva were labeled with monoclonal antibodies for (1) pan T cells, (2) T cytotoxic/suppressor cells, (3) T helper/inducer cells and (4) pan B cells and were developed using an avidin‐biotin‐peroxidase system. Lymphocyte populations were enumerated in repeatable fields from the sulcular, middle and oral one‐third of each section. Relative proportions of the same lymphocyte subsets were analyzed in peripheral blood samples from the same patients using direct immunofluorescence.Pan B cells were significantly more prevalent in infiltrates from active sites than in stable (P < 0.05) or healthy (P < 0.01) sites. The T/B cell ratio was also significantly lower in active than stable biopsies (P < 0.05), and in active biopsies versus blood (P < 0.05). The T helper/T suppressor cell ratio did not vary significantly between blood and any gingival tissue disease group or location, but a trend toward lower relative numbers of T helper cells in the sulcular infiltrates of active sites was noted. These results support the premise that active periodontal sites display elevated B cell populations and abnormal immune regulation possibly involving the T helper cell subset.
Acute Nonlymphocytic Leukemia, Monocytic Variant
Authors: Appel Billy N. , Miggantz Richard J. 
Published: March 2012

This report documents a case of a patient presenting unusual oral features of one of the rarer variants of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, a malignancy whose oral manifestations may be the first indication of the presence of an underlying blood dyscrasia. The findings at the initial appointment and the patient's progress for the following 13 months until his death are presented.Initial suspicion of the clinical symptoms and an immediate, subsequent hospital hematology report established the diagnosis. The histologic features of a gingival biopsy taken during the oral examination were strongly suggestive of leukemia. Since the leukemias may imitate other oral conditions, especially various diseases of the periodontium, it is of paramount importance that the dental clinician recognize their clinical manifestations. As future treatment modalities improve, the dental clinician is seeing more leukemic patients in remission as well as more cases that have relapsed.
Detection and Distribution of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in the Primary Dentition
Authors: Alaluusua Satu , Asikainen Sirkka 
Published: March 2012

The occurrence of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (A.a.) in plaque samples from the primary dentition was studied in 55 healthy Finnish children from four to seven years of age.A.a. was isolated in seven (13%) children, four boys and three girls. A further examination of the distribution and infection level of A.a. in the oral cavity of five of the A a.‐positive children revealed that A.a. was found in 26 of 45 plaque samples (7–10 samples from each child) and in all samples obtained from the dorsum of the tongue. The individual detection rates of A.a. were 3/7, 5/10, 6/10, 6/10 and 6/8 of the dental sites examined. A.a. occurred in 9/10 of the second primary molars, 8/10 of the first primary molars, 5/10 of the cuspids, 4/8 of the upper incisors and in none of the lower incisors examined. The proportions of A.a. within the dentition had a wide range. In 58% of the A.a‐positive samples, the proportions were less than 1%, and none exceeded 10% of the flora. Gingival bleeding after sampling with floss occurred more than twice as frequently in the A.a.‐positive as in the A.a.‐negative sites (16%/42%).The results indicate that A.a. was a rather frequent member of the oral flora in the children with primary teeth. The primary molars and the dorsum of the tongue seemed to be preferred sites for A.a. More than one site should be sampled to determine the infection level of A.a. within the dentition.
The Effect of Cyclosporin A (CsA) Treatment on Gingival Tissue of Patients with Behçet's Disease
Authors: Pisanty S. , Shoshan S. , Chajek T. , Maftsir G. , Sacks B. , BenEzra D. 
Published: March 2012

Gingival biopsies were obtained at various intervals for a period of two years from 12 patients suffering from Behçet's disease who were under a clinical trial of cyclosporin A (CsA) treatment. The levels of nondialyzable hydroxyproline (Hypro) were determined in the medium of the cultured tissues. Histologic examinations were also performed every three months. Correlations between the CsA blood levels and the levels of nondialyzable Hypro indicated a reciprocal relationship, especially at blood levels of CsA higher than 600 ng/ml.Histologic examination of gingival sections from CsA‐treated patients showed swelling of the epithelial cells, formation of perinuclear clear zones, widening of intercellular gaps and formation of several basal cell layers. In addition, foci of PAS‐positive material were found in both the epithelium and stroma.It is assumed that the gingival enlargement observed in the CsA‐treated patients was not due to an increase in tissue collagen but rather to an increase in epithelium combined with an accumulation of noncollagenous extracellular matrix material.
Correlations Among Gingival Indices:
Authors: Lobene Ralph R. , Mankodi Suru M. , Ciancio Sebastian G. , Lamm Richard A. , Charles Christine H. , Ross Norton M. 
Published: March 2012

Using an experimental gingivitis model, 99 subjects completed a 3‐week study to determine the correlations between a visual index of gingivitis, the Modified Gingival Index (MGI), and the Gingival Index (GI), the Interdental Bleeding Index (IBI), and the Papillary Bleeding Index (PBI).Following a baseline examination consisting of the MGI and either the GI, IBI, or PBI, each subject received a full mouth scaling and rubber cup polishing to render the teeth plaque and calculus free. Subjects then rinsed twice daily for 30 seconds with 20 ml of either an active antimicrobial or control mouthrinse for 3 weeks while abstaining from all other oral hygiene.The MGI correlated significantly with the GI, IBI, and PBI, both at baseline and at 3 weeks for all subjects.
Relationship Between the Radiographic Periodontal Defect Angle and Healing After Treatment
Authors: Steffensen Bjorn , Weber Hans‐Peter 
Published: March 2012

This study radio‐graphically evaluated the correlation between the changes in alveolar bone level occurring in bony defects after periodontal therapy and the corresponding pretreatment defect angles. The defect angle was defined by the bony defect surface and the root surface. The changes were determined from identically exposed and processed radiographs obtained just prior to surgery and 15 to 18 months later.The defect angle was clearly correlated to the radiographie changes in alveolar bone level. Most defects with an angle less than 45° showed a gain of bone while defects with the largest defect angles showed a loss. In addition, defects on root surfaces without furcations showed better healing than defects associated with furcations.
Development of an in vivo experimental model for percutaneous vertebroplasty in sheep
Authors: Benneker L. M. , Gisep A. , Krebs J. , Heini P. F. , Boner V. , Boger A. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryIntroduction: Several studies have described ‘open’ approach techniques for cementation of sheep and goat vertebrae; however, no percutaneous technique has been developed so far for use in non-primates. The aim of this study was to develop an animal model for percutaneous vertebroplasty under clinical conditions.Methods: In a pilot study with dissected cadaveric ovine vertebrae, the technique and instruments as well as the optimal needle position were determined. In an in vivo animal study using 33 lumbar vertebrae of 11 sheep, a percutaneous vertebroplasty was performed under general anaesthesia. Needle position and cement volume were evaluated from high resolution, quantitative computed tomography imaging.Results: The percutaneous technique for vertebroplasty was applicable to the vertebral bodies (L1 to L5) of the ovine lumbar spine without any related adverse effects for the animals. The procedure showed a steep learning curve represented by the reduction of the distance between the actual and planned needle positioning (7.2 mm to 3.7 mm; median value) and shorter surgery times (21.3 min to 15.0 min, average) with progression of the study.Conclusion: The described technique is feasible and repeatable under clinical conditions. This is the first percutaneous vertebroplasty technique for non-primates and we conclude that the sheep is a valid animal model to investigate the effects of cement augmentation in vivo.
Increased sensitivity of multiwalled carbon nanotube network by PMMA functionalization to vapors with affine polarity
Authors: Olejnik R. , Slobodian P. , Riha P. , Machovsky M. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractMultiwalled carbon nanotube network (MWCNT‐N)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) composite is prepared by solution radical polymerization. The entangled multiwall carbon nanotube network (MWCNT‐N) is obtained by vacuum filtration and functionalized by allyl isocyanate to form polymerizable vinyl groups on a nanotube surface. The solution polymerization binds PMMA covalently to these groups and yields MWCNT‐N/PMMA composite manifesting electrical conduction and selective chemical vapor sensing. The latter property is evaluated in terms of affinity of organic solvent vapor and PMMA polarities. It is found that the affinity of acetone polarity with polarity of PMMA improves significantly the sensitivity of the composite to this solvent while the sensitivity to methanol is the same and to iso‐pentane even decreased in comparison with the corresponding property of MWCNT‐N. The composite selective response is favorable for a possible composite use as a sensing element and/or vapor switch. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
The cytopathology of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor
Authors: Wakely Paul E. , Ali Syed Z. , Bishop Justin A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Among sarcomas, a diagnosis of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is often one of exclusion due to the absence of unequivocally characteristic histopathology, a conclusive immunohistochemical profile, or even a unique chromosomal anomaly. Because of this, the fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) cytopathology of MPNST is extremely challenging. In the current study, the authors review their FNA experience with this neoplasm.METHODS:The authors searched their combined departmental cytology files for all lesions signed out as MPNST or suspicious for MPNST, as well as their own surgical pathology files for any cases of MPNST that had corresponding cytology. FNA was performed using standard techniques.RESULTS:A total of 55 cases of MPNST, all with tissue confirmation, and 1 misdiagnosed example of melanoma were retrieved from 52 patients (M:F ratio of 1.5:1; average age, 46 years), 26 of whom had a history of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF‐1). Aspirates were from primary (27 cases), locally recurrent (14 cases), or metastatic (10 cases) MPNST; 4 primary tumor aspirates were of ex vivo specimens. Sites included the extremities (22 cases), trunk/pelvis (22 cases), head and neck (6 cases), and deep‐seated masses (6 cases). FNA diagnoses were MPNST (24 patients); consistent with MPNST (5 patients); sarcoma, not otherwise specified (10 patients); atypical (3 patients); spindle cell neoplasm (6 patients); malignant neoplasm (1 patient); and nondiagnostic (3 patients). A definitive diagnosis of either MPNST or consistent with MPNST was issued in 30%, 93%, and 70%, respectively, of primary, locally recurrent, and metastatic lesions.CONCLUSIONS:FNA cytopathology is limited as a diagnostic instrument for the initial diagnosis of MPNST, but is exceedingly accurate and valuable in the recognition of metastatic and locally recurrent MPNST. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Polygon scaled boundary finite elements for crack propagation modelling
Authors: Ooi Ean Tat , Song Chongmin , Tin‐Loi Francis , Yang Zhenjun 
Published: March 2012

SUMMARYAn automatic crack propagation modelling technique using polygon elements is presented. A simple algorithm to generate a polygon mesh from a Delaunay triangulated mesh is implemented. The polygon element formulation is constructed from the scaled boundary finite element method (SBFEM), treating each polygon as a SBFEM subdomain and is very efficient in modelling singular stress fields in the vicinity of cracks. Stress intensity factors are computed directly from their definitions without any nodal enrichment functions. An automatic remeshing algorithm capable of handling any n‐sided polygon is developed to accommodate crack propagation. The algorithm is simple yet flexible because remeshing involves minimal changes to the global mesh and is limited to only polygons on the crack paths. The efficiency of the polygon SBFEM in computing accurate stress intensity factors is first demonstrated for a problem with a stationary crack. Four crack propagation benchmarks are then modelled to validate the developed technique and demonstrate its salient features. The predicted crack paths show good agreement with experimental observations and numerical simulations reported in the literature. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The hyperpolarization‐activated current regulates synchronization of gap–junction‐coupled dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain—a combined approach between computational modeling and electrophysiological recording
Authors: Tateno Takashi 
Published: March 2012

AbstractTo examine the functional role of hyperpolarization‐activated and cyclic nucleotide‐gated (HCN) current observed in mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons, we constructed a conductance‐based model that can mimic the electrical properties obtained in electrophysiological recordings of rat brain slices. In the model, blocking the HCN current resulted in a reduction of spontaneous firing rate and a change in the properties of autonomous pacemaking. In addition, reduced one‐dimensional phase equations and their coupled oscillators were analyzed. The analysis indicated that HCN channels can regulate the extent of synchronization of coupled dopaminergic neurons through gap–junction connections. Thus, the HCN current can effectively shape the autonomous and cooperative firing of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain. © 2012 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Formation of gold–silver sulfides and native gold in Fe–Ag–Au–S system
Authors: Pal’yanova G.A. , Kokh K.A. , Seryotkin Yu.V. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
We carried out experiments on crystallization of Fe-containing melts FeS2Ag0.1–0.1xAu0.1x (x = 0.05, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8) with Ag/Au weight ratios from 10 to 0.1. Mixtures prepared from elements in corresponding proportions were heated in evacuated quartz ampoules to 1050 ºC and kept at this temperature for 12 h; then they were cooled to 150 ºC, annealed for 30 days, and cooled to room temperature. The solid-phase products were studied by optical and electron microscopy and X-ray spectroscopy. The crystallization products were mainly from iron sulfides: monoclinic pyrrhotite (Fe0.47S0.53 or Fe7S8) and pyrite (Fe0.99S2.01). Gold–silver sulfides (low-temperature modifications) are present in all synthesized samples. Depending on Ag/Au, the following sulfides are produced: acanthite (Ag/Au = 10), solid solutions Ag2–xAuxS (Ag/Au = 10, 2), uytenbogaardtite (Ag/Au = 2, 0.75), and petrovskaite (Ag/Au = 0.75, 0.12). They contain iron impurities (up to 3.3 wt.%). Xenomorphic micro- (&lt;1–5 μm) and macrograins (5–50 μm) of Au–Ag sulfides are localized in pyrite or between the grains of pyrite and pyrrhotite. High-fineness gold was detected in the samples with initial ratio Ag/Au ≤ 2. It is present as fine and large rounded microinclusions or as intergrowths with Au–Ag sulfides in pyrite or, more seldom, at the boundary of pyrite and pyrrhotite grains. This gold contains up to 5.7 wt.% Fe. Based on the sample textures and phase relations, a sequence of their crystallization was determined. At ~1050 ºC, there are probably iron sulfide melt L1 (Fe,S ≫ Ag,Au), gold–silver sulfide melt L2 (Au,Ag,S ≫ Fe), and liquid sulfur LS. On cooling, melt L1 produces pyrrhotite; further cooling leads to the crystallization of high-fineness gold (macrograins from L1 and micrograins from L2) and Au–Ag sulfides (micrograins from L1 and macrograins from L2). Pyrite crystallizes after gold–silver sulfides by the peritectic reaction FeS + LS = FeS2 at ~743 ºC. Elemental sulfur is the last to crystallize. Gold–silver sulfides are stable and dominate over native gold and silver, especially in pyrite-containing ores with high Ag/Au ratios.
Improvement of active chitosan film properties with rosemary essential oil for food packaging
Authors: Abdollahi Mehdi , Rezaei Masoud , Farzi Gholamali 
Published: March 2012

SummaryRosemary essential oil (REO) was used to develop an active film from chitosan. The effects of REO concentration (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% v/v) on film properties were studied by measuring the physical, mechanical and optical properties of the REO‐loaded films. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to study microstructure and the interaction of the chitosan‐based films. The solubility and water gain of the chitosan film decreased about 25% and 85%, respectively, by REO incorporation, up to 1.5% v/v, because of the interaction between hydrophilic groups of chitosan and REO as confirmed by FTIR. It was determined that REO improved the transparency of the films from 4.97 in neat chitosan up to 7.61; moreover, it reduced the films’ light transmission in UV light more than 25%. Films containing REO showed more antibacterial activity and total phenol content. The films containing REO showed potential to be used as active film in food preservation.
Effect of malting and fermentation on antinutrients, and total and extractable minerals of high and low phytate corn genotypes
Authors: Sokrab Awad M. , Mohamed Ahmed Isam A. , Babiker Elfadil E. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryTwo corn genotypes, Var‐113 (high phytate) and TL‐98B‐6225‐9 × TL617 (low phytate), were germinated for 6 days. The germinated grains were dried and milled. A mixture of 5% malt and 95% corn flour was fermented for 14 days. Phytic acid and polyphenol contents and hydrochloric acid (HCl) extractability of minerals from the fermented flours were determined at the intervals of 2 days during fermentation. Phytic acid and polyphenol contents decreased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) with an increase in fermentation time, with a concomitant increase in HCl‐extractable minerals. For both genotypes, the major mineral content was increased, while that of trace minerals was increased but at slow rate with fermentation time. When the grains were fermented for 14 days, TL‐98B‐6225‐9 × TL617 genotype had higher extractable calcium and Var‐113 had higher extractable phosphorus, whereas iron and manganese recorded high extractability levels in Var‐113. There was good correlation between phytate and polyphenol level reduction and the increment in extractable minerals with fermentation time.
Enzyme‐assisted aqueous extraction of safflower oil: optimisation by response surface methodology
Authors: Gibbins Ruchan Deniz , Aksoy Havva Ayse , Ustun Guldem 
Published: March 2012

SummaryAqueous enzymatic oil extraction of safflower seeds was assisted by Alcalase 2.5L and Celluclast 1.5L. Enzyme type and amount, pH, time, temperature, churning rate, dilution ratios and particle size were varied to determine their influence on the oil amount. The amount of oil recovered was higher using seeds ground to a particle size of <0.6 mm. Response surface methodology was employed for the optimisation of aqueous enzymatic oil extraction conducted with Celluclast 1.5L. When the extraction was assisted by Celluclast 1.5L, the maximum oil amount and yield were 33.3 (% w/w) and 79.7 (% w/w), respectively. The optimum conditions were 48.3 °C; 0.25 mL enzyme g−1 substance; pH, 4.84; resulting oil amount and yield were 28.2 (% w/w) 65 (% w/w), respectively. The predicted critical values were experimentally verified, and an oil amount of 27.1 (% w/w) was achieved. The enzyme treatment did not have any determining effect on the physicochemical properties of extracted oil.