bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An evaluation of benthic community structure in and around the Sackville Spur closed area (Northwest Atlantic) in relation to the protection of vulnerable marine ecosystems
Authors: Barrio Froján Christopher R. S. , MacIsaac Kevin G. , McMillan Andrew K. , del Mar Sacau Cuadrado María , Large Philip A. , Kenny Andrew J. , Kenchington Ellen , de Cárdenas González Enrique 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Barrio Froján, C. R. S., MacIsaac, K. G., McMillan, A. K., del Mar Sacau Cuadrado, M., Large, P. A., Kenny, A. J., Kenchington, E., and de Cárdenas González, E. 2012. An evaluation of benthic community structure in and around the Sackville Spur closed area (Northwest Atlantic) in relation to the protection of vulnerable marine ecosystems. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 213–222. The benthic macrofaunal community structure is investigated within and around a closed area at Sackville Spur in the Northwest Atlantic to ascertain whether continued exclusion of bottom fishing can be justified. This and other similar closed areas have been introduced by the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (NAFO) to protect areas of likely occurrence of taxa that are indicative of vulnerable marine ecosystems (VMEs) from the damaging effects of bottom-contact fishing gear. Results reveal subtle yet significant differences in macrofaunal assemblage composition and community structure between inside and outside the closed area, between above and below the 1200-m depth contour (i.e. the historical depth limit of fishing), and between areas where dense sponge spicule mats are either present or absent. Differences were observed in many assemblage metrics; however, the most revealing was the greater abundance, biomass, diversity, and number of VME indicative taxa inside the closed area than outside. Overall community composition is also significantly different between treatments. Depth, sediment temperature, and the proportion of clay within sediments are important in shaping the faunal assemblage. The importance of the effects of fishing is discussed, although it is not possible to ascertain if fishing is the direct cause behind observed differences in the macrofaunal assemblage. A continued closure of the area is recommended, as well as options for streamlining the evaluation process of other closed areas.
Distributional patterns of 0-group Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) in the eastern Bering Sea under variable recruitment and thermal conditions
Authors: Hurst Thomas P. , Moss Jamal H. , Miller Jessica A. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Hurst, T. P., Moss, J. H., and Miller, J. A. 2012. Distributional patterns of 0-group Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) in the eastern Bering Sea under variable recruitment and thermal conditions. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 163–174. Despite the importance of Pacific cod in Bering Sea fisheries and foodwebs, little is known about the habitat use and the distribution of early life stages. We analysed 6 years of catch data for 0-group Pacific cod in fishery-independent surveys of the Bering Sea shelf. Juvenile cod were most commonly captured on the middle shelf over depths of 50–80 m and were rarely captured north of 58°N. Consistently high catches were observed east of the Pribilof Islands and north of Port Moller along the Alaska Peninsula. There was evidence of density-dependent habitat selection at the local scale as the frequency of occurrence increased with regional catch per unit effort. At the basin scale, the southerly distribution of the weak 2009 cohort suggested the possibility of a range contraction for small cohorts. There was no consistent shift in the distribution of juvenile Pacific cod in response to interannual climate variability. These results for Pacific cod contrast with those observed for walleye pollock, which appears to exhibit greater variance in distribution, but are similar to patterns observed for juvenile Atlantic cod. Future work should focus on distribution in nearshore habitats and examine the patterns of dispersal and the connectivity of the Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska populations.
Antiproliferative Effects of Local Anesthetics on Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Lucchinetti Eliana , Awad Ahmed E. , Rahman Mamoona , Feng Jianhua , Lou Phing-How , Zhang Liyan , Ionescu Lavinia , Lemieux Hélène , Thébaud Bernard , Zaugg Michael 
Published: February 2012

Background
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are self-renewing clonal progenitor cells of nonhematopoietic tissues that exhibit a marked tropism to wounds and tumors. The authors' studies aimed at exploring how local anesthetics would affect MSC biology.

Methods
Proliferation, colony formation, in vitro wound healing, and bone differentiation assays of culture-expanded bone-marrow-derived murine MSC were performed in the presence of increasing concentrations of lidocaine, ropivacaine, and bupivacaine. Cytotoxicity was monitored by measuring lactate dehydrogenase activity and phosphatidylserine exposure/propidium iodide staining (early apoptotic cells/necrotic cells). Measurements of mitochondrial function in intact and permeabilized cells, transcriptional changes, and changes in nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells signaling in MSC treated with ropivacaine were used to further characterize the biologic effects of local anesthetics on MSC.

Results
All local anesthetics reduced MSC proliferation at 100 μM, consistent with cell cycle delay or arrest at the G0/1-S phase transition. They increased lactate dehydrogenase release and the number of annexin V-positive MSC but not necrotic MSC. Colony formation was decreased, differentiation into osteoblasts impaired, and in vitro wound healing delayed. Mitochondrial respiration and adenosine 5'-triphosphate concentrations were reduced. Microarray analysis revealed significant expression changes in lysosomal genes and genes controlling sterol metabolism, indicating an impaired phospholipid metabolism in the lysosome. Multiple transcriptional programs related to cell differentiation, tumorigenesis, and metastasis were negatively affected by ropivacaine.

Conclusions
The authors' studies demonstrate that local anesthetics significantly affect important aspects of MSC biology. These experiments provide novel rationales for the perioperative use of local anesthetics in patients with cancer but also highlight the potentially detrimental effects of local anesthetics on wound healing.
Identification of behaviour change techniques to reduce excessive alcohol consumption
Authors: Michie Susan , Whittington Craig , Hamoudi Zainab , Zarnani Feri , Tober Gillian , West Robert 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTBackground  Interventions to reduce excessive alcohol consumption have a small but important effect, but a better understanding is needed of their ‘active ingredients’.Aims  This study aimed to (i) develop a reliable taxonomy of behaviour change techniques (BCTs) used in interventions to reduce excessive alcohol consumption (not to treat alcohol dependence) and (ii) to assess whether use of specific BCTs in brief interventions might be associated with improved effectiveness.Methods  A selection of guidance documents and treatment manuals, identified via expert consultation, were analysed into BCTs by two coders. The resulting taxonomy of BCTs was applied to the Cochrane Review of brief alcohol interventions, and the associations between the BCTs and effectiveness were investigated using meta‐regression.Findings  Forty‐two BCTs were identified, 34 from guidance documents and an additional eight from treatment manuals, with average inter‐rater agreement of 80%. Analyses revealed that brief interventions that included the BCT ‘prompt self‐recording’ (P = 0.002) were associated with larger effect sizes.Conclusions  It is possible to identify specific behaviour change techniques reliably in manuals and guidelines for interventions to reduce excessive alcohol consumption. In brief interventions, promoting self‐monitoring is associated with improved outcomes. More research is needed to identify other behaviour change techniques or groupings of behaviour change techniques that can produce optimal results in brief interventions and to extend the method to more intensive interventions and treatment of alcohol dependence.
Rapid evolution of an adaptive cyanogenesis cline in introduced North American white clover (Trifolium repens L.)
Authors: KOOYERS NICHOLAS J. , OLSEN KENNETH M. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWhite clover is polymorphic for cyanogenesis (HCN production after tissue damage), and this herbivore defence polymorphism has served as a classic model for studying adaptive variation. The cyanogenic phenotype requires two interacting biochemical components; the presence/absence of each component is controlled by a simple Mendelian gene (Ac/ac and Li/li). Climate‐associated cyanogenesis clines occur in both native (Eurasian) and introduced populations worldwide, with cyanogenic plants predominating in warmer locations. Moreover, previous studies have suggested that epistatic selection may act within populations to maintain cyanogenic (AcLi) plants and acyanogenic plants that lack both components (acli plants) at the expense of plants possessing a single component (Acli and acLi plants). Here, we examine the roles of selection, gene flow and demography in the evolution of a latitudinal cyanogenesis cline in introduced North American populations. Using 1145 plants sampled across a 1650 km transect, we determine the distribution of cyanogenesis variation across the central United States and investigate whether clinal variation is adaptive or an artefact of population introduction history. We also test for the evidence of epistatic selection. We detect a clear latitudinal cline, with cyanogenesis frequencies increasing from 11% to 86% across the transect. Population structure analysis using nine microsatellite loci indicates that the cline is adaptive and not a by‐product of demographic history. However, we find no evidence for epistatic selection within populations. Our results provide strong evidence for rapid adaptive evolution in these introduced populations, and they further suggest that the mechanisms maintaining adaptive variation may vary among populations of a species.
Environment or kin: whence do bees obtain acidophilic bacteria?
Authors: McFREDERICK QUINN S. , WCISLO WILLIAM T. , TAYLOR DOUGLAS R. , ISHAK HEATHER D. , DOWD SCOT E. , MUELLER ULRICH G. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAs honey bee populations decline, interest in pathogenic and mutualistic relationships between bees and microorganisms has increased. Honey bees and bumble bees appear to have a simple intestinal bacterial fauna that includes acidophilic bacteria. Here, we explore the hypothesis that sweat bees can acquire acidophilic bacteria from the environment. To quantify bacterial communities associated with two species of North American and one species of Neotropical sweat bees, we conducted 16S rDNA amplicon 454 pyrosequencing of bacteria associated with the bees, their brood cells and their nests. Lactobacillus spp. were the most abundant bacteria in many, but not all, of the samples. To determine whether bee‐associated lactobacilli can also be found in the environment, we reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships of the genus Lactobacillus. Previously described groups that associate with Bombus and Apis appeared relatively specific to these genera. Close relatives of several bacteria that have been isolated from flowers, however, were isolated from bees. Additionally, all three sweat bee species associated with lactobacilli related to flower‐associated lactobacilli. These data suggest that there may be at least two different means by which bees acquire putative probiotics. Some lactobacilli appear specific to corbiculate apids, possibly because they are largely maternally inherited (vertically transmitted). Other lactobacilli, however, may be regularly acquired from environmental sources such as flowers. Sweat bee–associated lactobacilli were found to be abundant in the pollen and frass inside the nests of halictids, suggesting that they could play a role in suppressing the growth of moulds and other spoilage organisms.
Elevated BAFF Levels in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Neuro‐Behçet’s Disease: BAFF is Correlated with Progressive Dementia and Psychosis
Authors: Sumita Y. , Murakawa Y. , Sugiura T. , Wada Y. , Nagai A. , Yamaguchi S. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractNeuro‐Behçet’s disease (NBD) is a serious complication of Behçet’s disease. Generally, NBD patients with a chronic course are refractory to immunosuppressive treatment, resulting in the deterioration of personality. In this study, levels of B cell‐activating factor belonging to the TNF family (BAFF) were measured in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 18 patients with NBD, 27 patients with epidemic aseptic meningitis (AM), 24 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and 34 healthy controls. BAFF levels in patients with NBD were significantly elevated compared with healthy controls, but showed no statistically significant elevation compared with either of the disease controls. In contrast, CSF IL‐6 levels were slightly elevated in patients with NBD and significantly elevated in patients with AM and MS compared with healthy controls. Patients with NBD were subdivided into two groups according to their clinical course (eight patients with a slowly progressive course presenting with psychosis and dementia and 10 patients with an acute course including aseptic meningitis, brainstem involvement and myelopathy). BAFF levels were significantly increased in those with a slowly progressive course compared with those with an acute course. CSF BAFF levels did not correlate with serum BAFF levels, CSF cell counts or CSF IL‐6 levels in patients with NBD. These data suggested that BAFF was produced within the central nervous system and may be associated with the development of NBD, particularly with a progressive course.
Basophils are not the key antigen‐presenting cells in allergic patients
Authors: Eckl‐Dorna J. , Ellinger A. , Blatt K. , Ghanim V. , Steiner I. , Pavelka M. , Valent P. , Valenta R. , Niederberger V. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundRecent data obtained in mouse models have initiated a controversy whether basophils are the key antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) in allergy. Here, we investigate whether basophils are of importance for the presentation of allergen and the induction of T cell proliferation in allergic patients.MethodsT cells, basophils, and APCs depleted of basophils were purified from allergic patients. Co‐culture systems based on purified major allergens were established to study allergen‐specific T cell responses using proliferation assays.ResultsOnly co‐cultures of T cells with APCs depleted of basophils but not with basophils proliferated in response to allergen. Even addition of IL‐3 to T cell–basophil co‐cultures failed to induce allergen‐specific T cell proliferation.ConclusionsOur data demonstrate by classical in vitro proliferation assays that basophils are not key antigen‐presenting cells that promote T cell proliferation in secondary immune responses to allergen in allergic patients.
Innervation of the Circumvallate Papilla of the Cat Tongue
Authors: Marettová E. , Maretta M. 
Published: February 2012

SummaryImmunohistochemically, the distribution of S‐100 protein and acetylated tubulin‐positive nerve fibres was studied in the circumvallate papilla and its taste buds (TB) in the adult cat. The immunostaining for acetylated tubulin demonstrated an extensive innervation of the circumvallate papilla. Vegetative ganglionic cells were found in the central area of papilla, whereas fine nerve fibres were concentrated under epithelium. Individual positive axons were seen in relation to TB. Nerve fibres enter the TB and branch out among the supporting and sensory cells. Some nerve fibres reach the apical surface of the TB, including the taste pore. Nerve fibres positive for S‐100 protein were observed as dense nerve plexus located in the core of the papilla. Satellite cells localized inside the papilla were seen to surround the ganglionic cells. Bands of fine nerve fibres were present under lining epithelium, mainly at the base of the TB. A weak reaction was displayed by taste bud cells and surrounding epithelial cells as well as by the epithelial cells of the papillary side of the moat. A dense network of the nerve fibres was present among the glandular acini and surrounding the ducts of the serous Ebner's glands.
Screening Saccharum Barberi and Sinense Accessions for Flood Tolerance and Biomass Production
Authors: Reed S. , Ayala‐Silva T. , Brown S. , Glaz B. , Comstock J. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThis study evaluated the biomass production potential of Saccharum barberi (Jeswiet) and Saccharum sinense (Roxb. Amend. Jeswiet) accessions under short‐term flooded conditions. Plots were arranged in a completely randomized design with 20 S. sinense and 29 S. barberi accessions, two flood durations with non‐flooded controls and three replications of each treatment. There were no significant flood effects. However, in two individual accessions, ‘China’ and ‘Lu Cane’, sucrose production increased with additional flooding. The plant cane produced larger plants with a greater percentage of fibre and sucrose. Higher Brix values were obtained with the ratoon crop. Brix and fibre were negatively correlated with stem diameter. Stem length in S. barberi was the only physical characteristic that was correlated with sugar factors Brix and optical rotation. S. barberi accessions had high loadings for variables associated with sugar production and stem length, and fibre had moderate loadings for factor 1. Factor 1 explained 35 % of variance in the data. The second principal factor revealed high loadings for variables associated with plant size. Factor 2 explained 30 % of the proportional and together with Factor 1 explained 65 % of the cumulative variance in the data. Several accessions with low sucrose, high plot weight and low fibre were identified. These accessions make attractive selections in breeding for biomass production.
Development of cutaneous sarcoidosis during treatment with tumour necrosis alpha factor antagonists
Authors: Lamrock Edwina , Brown Pam 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTThe use of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) antagonists is increasing in the field of dermatology. These agents have been used for multiple inflammatory and immune skin conditions, but most notably, psoriasis. Adverse effects of anti‐TNF‐α agents have been reported, including the paradoxical development of sarcoidosis. We present an unusual case of limited cutaneous sarcoidosis developing while the patient was on etanercept therapy, and a review of the current literature.
Success treatment of post‐irradiation morphoea with acitretin and narrowband UVB
Authors: Newland Kate , Marshman Gillian 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTPost‐irradiation morphoea is a rare but under‐recognised complication of radiotherapy treatment for breast cancer. Management of this condition is difficult, and many cases are recalcitrant to therapy. A 43‐year‐old woman with breast cancer received radiotherapy following a mastectomy and partial axillary lymph node dissection, shortly after which she developed a hot, tender, erythematous and indurated plaque at the mastectomy site. Subsequently the skin became retracted, depressed and hyperpigmented. The clinical features, along with histological findings, were consistent with post‐irradiation morphoea. Treatment with narrowband ultraviolet B and acitretin 10 mg daily was commenced 5 years following radiotherapy. After 2 months of therapy the patient reported significant improvement in tenderness and range of left arm movement. Objectively the plaque was less indurated and softer to palpation. We propose that this treatment regimen is an option in the management of post‐irradiation morphoea.
Pregnant woman with an extremely small uterus due to pelvic irradiation in childhood
Authors: Watanabe Takashi , Matsubara Shigeki , Saito Yutaka , Usui Rie , Mugishima Hideo , Suzuki Mitsuaki 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA female cancer survivor, having suffered malignant lymphoma during childhood and received radio‐ and chemotherapy, became pregnant. Her uterus was extremely small and in the 22nd week of gestation, acute uterine contractions occurred, leading to preterm delivery and resulting in the death of the infant. Pelvic irradiation in childhood was considered to have caused a small uterus and thus brought on preterm delivery. The younger the patient, the more vulnerable the uterus is to irradiation. The exposure dose to the uterus in pediatric cancer patients should therefore be reduced, especially in younger patients. The cooperation of pediatric cancer specialists and obstetricians is necessary to preserve the future fertility of female cancer survivors.
Abdominal wall endometriosis in the cesarean section surgical scar: A potential diagnostic pitfall
Authors: Ozel Leyla , Sagiroglu Julide , Unal Aysun , Unal Ethem , Gunes Pembegul , Baskent Erdem , Aka Nurettin , Titiz M. Izzet , Tufekci E. Can 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAim:  The abdominal wall is an uncommon site of extrapelvic endometriosis. It usually develops in a previous surgical scar and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any abdominal swelling. Classical symptoms of endometriosis may resemble abdominal wall lesions such as an incisional hernia, hematoma, granuloma, abscess or various soft tissue tumors; therefore, a definitive preoperative diagnosis is not always easy to determine in every case. The aim of this article is to review the clinical findings, imaging results and histopathology of those of our patients who have had cesarean scar endometriosis.Methods:  Patients diagnosed with abdominal wall endometriosis in their surgical scars from February 2008 to March 2010 were documented. The age, parity, symptoms, previous surgeries, initial diagnosis, diagnostic modalities, definitive operation, postoperative complications, histopathological evaluations and recurrences were recorded and analyzed.Results:  There were 18 patients with a mean age of 34.5 ± 9.6 years. All (100%) had a gradually growing nodular abdominal mass in or adjacent to their cesarean incision scars. This was often associated with pain (83.3%), either noncyclical (26.6%) or cyclical (73.3%) in nature. Ultrasonography (100%), computerized tomography with intravenous contrast (22.2%) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (66.6%) were performed on the patients. All patients underwent surgery and their masses were completely excised. The mean diameter of the removed masses was 3.9 ± 1.4 cm. The final pathological diagnosis for each case was abdominal wall endometriosis. Biannual follow‐up examinations for two years revealed that each patient had a complete and uneventful recovery without recurrence.Conclusion:  Abdominal wall endometriosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of masses located at cesarean section incision scars, which should be excised for definitive diagnosis and treatment.