bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Life history traits of the pseudometallophyte Thlaspi caerulescens in natural populations from Northern Europe
Authors: Dechamps C. , Elvinger N. , Meerts P. , Lefèbvre C. , Escarré J. , Colling G. , Noret N. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe examined recruitment, survival, life cycle and fecundity of two metallicolous (M, on metalliferous calamine soils) and two non‐metallicolous (NM, on normal soils) populations of Thlaspi caerulescens in Belgium and Luxemburg. In each population, permanent plots were monitored over two reproductive seasons. In M populations, plots were located in two contrasting environments (grass versus grove) in order to test the influence of vegetation cover on life strategy. Our results show that the monocarpic life cycle is dominant in all populations of T. caerulescens. However the length of the pre‐reproductive period varies from several months (winter annuals) to 1 year or more (perennials), and is partly related to plant origin (M versus NM). Most plants growing in metalliferous environments were annuals, whereas NM plants were mostly perennials. These differences in life cycle were related to differences in survival during summer, which was better in NM than in M populations. Within each M population, different survival conditions and life cycles were observed according to vegetation cover. Plants growing in grass areas were mostly annuals and had a low survival rate in summer whereas grove plants were mostly perennials and survived better in summer. Our results suggest the selection of stress avoiders (shortening of life cycle) in M populations of T. caerulescens but only for individuals growing in grass areas. Summer survival seems to play a key role in selection of life strategy in T. caerulescens.
The Importance of Visual Cues for Nocturnal Species: Eagle Owl Fledglings Signal with White Mouth Feathers
Authors: Penteriani Vincenzo , Delgado Maria del Mar , Alonso‐Álvarez Carlos , Pina Nuria Viqueira , Sergio Fabrizio , Bartolommei Paola , Thompson Lindy J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractComplex begging display by bird offspring has predominantly been investigated in diurnal species, which have conspicuous gape colours or plumage features. In nocturnal species, in contrast, such visual communication has received little attention because the assumption is that they exclusively rely on vocal communication. Here, we use a field experiment to investigate whether eagle owls, Bubo bubo, communicate through visual signals at night. We artificially decreased the brightness of the white feathers surrounding fledgling eagle owls’ mouths during the post‐fledging dependence period, and investigated the effect of this treatment by comparing the condition of these birds to that of birds who received a control treatment. Several physiological parameters considered in our analyses indicate that control owlets were in better condition than owlets with brightness‐reduced mouth feathers, which suggests that they received more or better food from feeding parents who discriminated between those young. Brightness‐dependent reactions of parent owls suggest that visual signalling may be more widely employed than previously thought, and studying birds at night may reveal sophisticated strategies of animal communication.
Young Bighorn (Ovis canadensis) Males: can they Successfully Woo Females?
Authors: Whiting Jericho C. , Terry Bowyer R. , Flinders Jerran T. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractMating by young males or low male‐to‐female ratios can decrease pregnancy rates and postpone birthdates in ungulates, thereby hindering population growth. Young (2.5–3.5 yr old) male bighorn (Ovis canadensis) behave differently than older males, and age, horn size, mating behavior, and social rank help determine reproductive success. We estimated birthdates in two populations of bighorn sheep in Utah, USA, to determine if mating by young males or low male‐to‐female ratios resulted in fewer young born per female, a shift in mean timing of births, or asynchronous births. When reintroduced, the Rock Canyon population consisted of four males (two each of 2.5 yr old and 1.5 yr old) and a 1 to 7.5 ratio of males (>2 yr old) to adult females (≥3.5 yr old); the Mount Nebo population consisted of four males ≤1.5 yr old and a 0 to 12 ratio of males to adult females. For both populations, the number of young born per female did not differ between the first parturition period after reintroduction (where females were impregnated by males from their source populations) and the second period of parturition (where females were impregnated by young, reintroduced males). Mean birthdates and synchrony (SD) of births did not differ for Rock Canyon (May 12, 2001 ± 4.5 d, May 14, 2002 ± 3.2 d) or Mount Nebo (May 23, 2005 ± 8.1 d, May 22, 2006 ± 10.2 d) between the first and second years following reintroduction. Mating by young males or low male‐to‐female ratios had no demonstrable effect on the number of young born per female or timing and synchrony of births in these populations.
Infanticide and Maternal Offspring Defence in European Rabbits under Natural Breeding Conditions
Authors: Rödel Heiko G. , Starkloff Anett , Bautista Amando , Friedrich Anne‐Christin , Von Holst Dietrich 
Published: August 2010

AbstractInfanticide is an important source of mortality of dependent offspring in several mammal species, whereas female conspecifics are often the perpetrators. This has led to maternal counter‐strategies, such as the defence of the nests. However, cases of infanticide are hard to detect in the field, and studies on maternal offspring defence behaviour under natural breeding conditions are scarce. We conducted such a study on the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), which is usually considered to show low maternal care. The study was carried out over 5 yr on a field enclosure population. We (1) studied infanticide rates and the impact of potential determinants: the group density and age structure of the females’ rank hierarchy within the groups; we used the latter as an estimator of social group stability. We (2) studied if mothers defend their breeding burrow against approaching, potentially infanticidal females. Overall, we recorded infanticide in 5% of all litters; infanticide was the cause in 12% of cases of litter mortality. The proportion of infanticide was 7% higher in groups where same‐age females occupied successive rank positions than in groups where the females’ rank hierarchy had a more heterogeneous and linear age structure. We hypothesize that social instability in the former groups was the reason for the increased infanticide risk. Infanticide rates were not correlated with group density and did not differ among mothers with different social ranks. Infanticide occurred exclusively during the first 10 d after parturition. During this time, mothers stayed closer to their breeding burrows than shortly before parturition or during later lactation. Moreover, mothers were more aggressive against other females in proximity to their breeding burrow than in more distant areas. We suggest that the pattern of spacing behaviour and intrasexual aggression of rabbit mothers are an adaptive response to the occurrence of female infanticidal behaviour.
Spatial Association in a Highly Inbred Ungulate Population: Evidence of Fine‐Scale Kin Recognition
Authors: Cassinello Jorge , Calabuig Gustau 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe present the first evidence of fine‐scale kin recognition, based on a continuous measure of relatedness, in ungulates. The spatial association between herdmates of a captive population of aoudad (Ammotragus lervia), where all the individuals are related, is analysed during resting time. Our goal was to estimate which factors influence individuals’ associations. The study population is highly inbred, although it does not show serious deleterious effects caused by consanguinity. It comprises a single captive herd, reproducing freely and in good conditions for more than 10 yr. It emerges that kin, measured as the coefficient of relationship between two given herdmates, is the main factor determining the spatial association (e.g. average distance) of male–male and female–female dyads, as more‐related individuals tend to rest closer to each other than less‐related ones. As for male–female dyads, individuals of a similar age tend to stay closer. To rule out any familiarity confounding effects, individuals’ cohabitation time in the herd was added as a random factor in the analyses. Concerning the type of dyad, mother–calf dyads are characterized by higher proximity than others, particularly during the suckling period, whereas males tend to stay closer to each other than females or male–female dyads, being also more kin‐related. Female social rank does not influence spatial association between herdmates. These results are related to group composition of the species in the wild, which are characterized by intense mother–calf bonds and all‐male groups that are probably kin‐related. It is seen that adult male–female associations are not related to kinship, but to age similarity, which is in accord with the assumption that main family groups in the wild are formed by matrilineal lines, whereas males are the dispersing sex.
Micro‐scale Systematic Sampling of Soil: Heterogeneity in Populations of Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, F. roseum and F. moniliforme
Authors: Rodríguez‐Molina M. C. , Tello‐Marquina J. C. , Torres‐Vila L. M. , Bielza‐Lino P. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe variability of Fusarium spp. density in soil was studied in a field located in Badajoz (south‐western Spain). The upper 40 cm of each side of a 1 m × 1 m × 1 m pit were sampled intensively, taking soil samples from points 10 cm apart. The species isolated were F. oxysporum, F. solani, F. roseum and F. moniliforme. For all four sides of the pit population densities of F. oxysporum, F. solani and F. roseum significantly decreased with increasing soil depth and for all the four layers significant differences were detected between sides of the pit. Horizontal variability also occurred on a smaller sampling scale: when a layer of a side was sampled, densities might be significantly different between points in the layer. However, no clear trend in horizontal variability was observed for any species. These findings demonstrate that Fusarium spp. populations were heterogeneously distributed in this reduced soil volume.
Systemic Resistance to Fusarium Wilt in Tomato Induced by Phytopthora cryptogea
Authors: Attitalla I. H. , Johnson P. , Brishammar S. , Quintanilla P. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractUnder climate chamber conditions, suppression of tomato wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) was obtained by spraying a suspension of Phytophthora cryptogea (Pc) zoospores on the green parts of two tomato cultivars, Danish Export (susceptible) and Elin F1 (moderately resistant). Direct competitive or antagonistic interaction between Pc and FOL in the soil or on the root surfaces was ruled out, but not interaction within the stems of plants. After Pc application followed by FOL inoculation, the two cultivars showed no wilt disease symptoms during the 50 days following FOL inoculation, whereas the FOL‐control plants were destroyed by wilt within about 40 days. Over a period of 7 weeks, both Pc and FOL were detected inside the stems of plants, for all treatments. Pc and FOL were also found inside the petioles of plants, except for one treatment, Pc application followed by challenge inoculation with FOL. Systemic induced resistance was assumed to be responsible for the observed elimination of disease incidence. It was concluded that, under climate chamber conditions, Pc application to the green parts of tomato plants is a viable alternative for control of disease incidence caused by FOL.
β‐1,3‐Glucanase and Chitinase Activities and the Resistance Response of Wheat to Leaf Rust
Authors: Anguelova‐Merhar V. S. , VanDer Westhuizen A. J. , Pretorius Z. A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractTo investigate the role of β‐1,3‐glucanases (EC 3.2.1.39) and chitinases (EC 3.2.1.14) in the resistance response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to leaf rust (Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici), their intercellular activities were studied in resistant (Karee/Lr35) and susceptible (Karee) near‐isogenic wheat lines under conditions of infection and non‐infection. Resistance was associated with high constitutively expressed chitinase activity and induced β‐1,3‐glucanase activity. At 168 hours post‐inoculation several infection sites on Karee/Lr35 displayed necrosis, confirming a hypersensitive response, whereas similar necrotic lesions were observed only for a limited number of infection sites on Karee at that sampling stage. The possible role of chitinases and β‐1,3‐glucanases in the hypersensitive defence response of wheat to leaf rust is discussed.
Biological Control of the Grapevine Dieback Fungus Eutypa lata II: Influence of Formulation Additives and Transposon Mutagenesis on the Antagonistic Activity of Bacillus subtilis and Erwinia herbicola
Authors: Schmidt C. S. , Lorenz D. , Wolf G. A. , Jäger J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe effect of different supplements on the antagonistic activity of Bacillus subtilis and Erwinia herbicola towards Eutypa lata in vitro and on autoclaved grape wood was investigated. Inhibition zones on grape wood agar were enlarged maximally in B. subtilis by adding peptone (0.25%) and in E. herbicola by adding glucose (0.5%) or high concentrations of peptone (1‐2%) to the medium. Nitrate and phosphate salts reduced the antagonistic activity of E. herbicola on glucose‐supplemented medium. Glucose as well as manganese ions did not enlarge inhibition zones of B. subtilis. On grape wood, peptone and methylcellulose supplements increased the antagonistic performance and cell densities of B. subtilis B1α, whereas a negative effect was exerted by calcium alginate and carob (88% galactomannane). A combination of 1% peptone and 4% methylcellulose resulted in 100% inhibition of E. lata (70% inhibition without supplements). In E. herbicola JII/E2, cells applied without supplements showed no antagonistic effect. Carob was the only supplement that led to a significant antagonistic effect of suspended cells of E. herbicola (70‐100% inhibition). One spontaneous mutant and two transposon mutants of E. herbicola JII/E4 did not inhibit E. lata on tryptic soy czapek dox agar but showed unreduced antagonistic activity on grape wood extract agar amended with glucose or peptone. On grape wood, the transposon mutants inhibited growth of E. lata completely whereas the antagonistic activity of the spontaneous mutant was significantly reduced.
PR Protein Accumulation in Seminal Roots of Barley and Wheat in Response to Fungal Infection ‐ the Importance of Cortex Senescence
Authors: Liljeroth E. , Santén K. , Bryngelsson T. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe accumulation of PR proteins in the roots of barley and wheat was investigated in response to root infection with the necrotrophic pathogen Bipolaris sorokiniana. Analyses of protein extracts using both biochemical methods and immunohistological localization on tissue sections were performed. Several PR proteins, particularly PR‐1 and PR‐5, accumulated in response to infection. The pattern was similar to that observed in earlier reports after infection with, for example, Blumeria graminis and Drechslera teres. Leaf tissue from root‐inoculated plants were also analysed and it was found that isoforms of PR‐3 and PR‐5 proteins were differently expressed in leaves and roots, indicating tissue‐specific expression. Tissue differences were observed within the roots as PR‐3 proteins was constitutively expressed in the root cortex but not in the stele. PR protein accumulation in the leaves after root inoculation indicate systemic induction. Evidence was also found for systemic induction within the roots as PR proteins accumulated in root tissues that were distant from the infection point. Infection of roots close to the root tip caused a stronger accumulation of PR proteins compared with infection of older segments of seminal roots. This was particularly evident in wheat where almost no effect of inoculation of older root segments could be detected. The patterns of PR protein accumulation in seminal roots are discussed in relation to root cortical cell death, a phenomenon that has earlier been found to occur at a progressively increasing rate from the root tip and upwards.
Protein Pattern and Fe‐Superoxide Dismutase Activity of Bean Plants under Sulphur Dioxide Stress
Authors: Bernardi R. , Nali C. , Gargiulo R. , Pugliesi C. , Lorenzini G. , Durante M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractProtein synthesis and superoxide dismutase (SODs) activities were analysed in bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L., cv. Groffy) exposed to sulphur dioxide (SO2) (30, 60 or 90 nl/l SO2). After long‐term treatments (2, 4 or 7 days), sodium dodecyl sulphate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) of water‐soluble leaf proteins revealed the appearance of new polypeptides corresponding to 34.5 and 31 kDa. Quantitative differences between control and treated plants were observed for subunits of 50, 47, 42, 32, 30 and 28 kDa. In SO2‐fumigated plants, the activity patterns of four SOD‐isoforms, with a relative mobility (Rf) of 0.45 (MnSOD), 0.59 (Cu/ZnSOD), 0.80 (Cu/ZnSOD) and 0.85 (not identified), showed only small quantitative variations in comparison with unexposed plants. In control leaves the FeSOD isoenzyme was not detected, whereas its activity pattern (Rf=0.50) increased to a detectable level always after 2 days of fumigation with 30 nl/l SO2. It is proposed that the rise of FeSOD activity represents the initial activation of the enzymatic antioxidant system to counteract the superoxide anion generated during the radical‐initiated oxidation of SO2 in illuminated chloroplasts.
The Influence of o‐hydroxyethylorutin on Botrytis cinerea Oxidant–Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Małolepsza U. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of o‐hydroxyethylorutin on Botrytis cinerea mycelium growth and metabolism. Hydrogen peroxide concentration, superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase activities were compared in the pathogens’ mycelium grown on control and o‐hydroxyethylorutin containing medium. Transfer of B. cinerea mycelium to medium supplemented with 5 mmo‐hydroxyethylorutin resulted in a large decrease in catalase activity. No changes in mycelium growth, hydrogen peroxide concentration and superoxide dismutase activity were observed. Guaiacol and ascorbate peroxidases were not detected in mycelia. The data are consistent with previous findings that o‐hydroxyethylorutin treatment of tomato plants restricts the development of B. cinerea infection due to the induction of higher active oxygen species (AOS) generation in plants by this compound. Being poor in catalase, the pathogen may not be able to cope with increasing AOS formation. The results indicate that catalase is an infective agent of B. cinerea.
Barium aspiration showing crazy‐paving appearance on high‐resolution computed tomography
Authors: Akata S , Park J , Shindo H , Yoshimura M , Kakizaki D , Abe K 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYWe encountered a case showing a crazy‐paving appearance on high‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT), which mimicked various pulmonary diseases, e.g. pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, or non‐specific interstitial pneumonia, but which we ultimately determined to be due to barium aspiration. The initial radiological findings were considered to be most likely due to pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis, because the crazy‐paving appearance had high density, resembling calcification. However, distribution was limited to the area of dependent drainage of the right lung. Since a barium swallowing study had been performed 2 weeks before the CT examination, and since the follow‐up HRCT showed improvement we reached a diagnosis of barium aspiration. Although barium aspiration may yield findings similar to other diseases with crazy‐paving appearance, it is possible to identify it because of the limited distribution and high density.
Combined treatment of ablative therapy with percutaneous radiofrequency and cementoplasty of a symptomatic metastatic lesion of the acetabulum
Authors: Carrafiello G , Laganà D , Recaldini C , Mangini M , Giorgianni A , Cuffari S , Dionigi G , D’Angelo F , Fugazzola C 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYWe report the case of a symptomatic metastatic lesion of the acetabulum from colon adenocarcinoma in an 82‐year‐old woman patient treated by a combined approach of thermal ablation with percutaneous radiofrequency and cementoplasty. We obtained an immediate technical success with a good control of pain without any complications at a 6‐month clinical follow‐up.
Management of iatrogenic porto‐biliary fistula following biliary stent
Authors: Chaitowitz IM , Heng R , Bell KW 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYWe describe a case of cystic pancreatic disease causing biliary obstruction requiring percutaneous biliary stenting. The patient subsequently re‐presented with severe melaena shown to be due to a rare complication of biliary stenting with development of a porto‐biliary fistula from stent erosion, successfully managed with a ‘stent‐within‐stent’.
Herniation of caecum through the foramen of Winslow
Authors: Da Costa G , Ng B , Kociumbas I , Wong S 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYThe radiological features on plain abdominal imaging and CT in a case of caecal herniation through the foramen of Winslow is presented. This rare condition is associated with a high morbidity and mortality, which emphasizes the importance of accurate preoperative diagnosis.
A child with respiratory distress having unilateral obstructive emphysema and contralateral opaque hemithorax on chest radiograph: Role of multi‐detector computerized tomography with multi‐planar reconstruction and virtual bronchoscopy
Authors: Debnath J , Jain NK , Adhikari KM , Shelley SK , Vaidya A , George RA 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYWe describe a case of mucus plug in the right main bronchus with ipsilateral obstructive emphysema and contralateral opaque hemithorax in an 18‐month‐old girl who presented with respiratory distress. The role of multi‐detector CT scan with multi‐planar reconstructions and virtual bronchoscopy is highlighted.
Primary serous papillary carcinoma of the retroperitoneum: magnetic resonance imaging findings with pathologic correlation
Authors: Demir MK , Unlu E , Genchellac H , Temizoz O , Ozdemir H 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYThe incidence of a primary serous papillary carcinoma of the retroperitoneum is extremely rare. We present a case of the tumour in an adult simulating an adrenal mass with MRI findings and histopathological correlation.
Percutaneous intracorporeal lithotripsy of biliary calculi
Authors: Hoang JK , Little AF , Clarke A 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYThe standard management for patients presenting with bile duct calculi is endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and sphincterotomy with stone retrieval. In failed cases and for intrahepatic duct stones, there are a number of non‐operative alternative extraction methods. We describe two cases of percutaneous intracorporeal lithotripsy for biliary calculi and review the literature regarding the indications, complications and success rate.
Cemento‐ossifying fibroma of mandible
Authors: Hombal AG , Hegde KK , Narvekar VN 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYCemento‐ossifying fibromas are relatively rare benign, non‐odontogenic tumours of the jaw, a subdivision of fibro‐osseous lesions. These tumours occur in the third and fourth decades of life, with predilection for women. Majority of the lesions are found in the posterior region of the mandible. We present a rare case of cemento‐ossifying fibroma involving the mentum of the mandible in a 50‐year‐old lady and discuss the plain radiographic and computed tomographic features of the condition.