bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Music in Mind Training: Producing a theory of change model to evaluate the implementation of an improvisation-based music-making training programme for care home staff working with people with dementia
Authors: McPherson Dougal Henry James , Dowlen Robyn , Bithell Caroline , Gagatsis Alexander , Young Alys , Hoskin Lizzie , Thomas Max , Riley Cathy , Keady John 
Published: February 2025

Background In the UK, care home staff are often involved in musical practices as part of their professional activities. However, to date there is a lack of relational evidence that underpins improvisational music-making programmes in care homes, as related to the wellbeing of care home staff and musicians who deliver such work. This process evaluation accesses Manchester Camerata’s 20-week ‘Music in Mind Training’ programme for care home staff working with people living with dementia in care homes, with a focus on care home staff. Aims (i) To produce a Theory of Change model outlining the core mechanisms of change for Music in Mind Training; (ii) To evaluate the ‘in-the-moment’ and prospective impact of Music in Mind Training on participating care home staff practice and wellbeing. Methods Conducted in two care homes, the study employed online observation of hour-long training sessions ( n = 18), semi structured interviews with participating staff and musicians ( n = 4), and oral histories interviews with stakeholders involved in programme development ( n = 18). Findings Participating care home staff reported a general increase in their motivation, wellbeing, and confidence through taking part in the training programme, while indicating a drop in confidence related to future delivery at the programme end. The study also indicated how care home staff implemented change to their day-to-day practice by incorporating their learning into interactions with residents in structured music sessions, and more broadly in daily interactions. Conclusion The presented Theory of Change model details core interpersonal mechanisms of change for this musical training programme, centred on (1) collaboration, (2) shared values, (3) respect and validation, and (4) openness and reflection, outlining pathways for impact regarding practice change and staff wellbeing. Subject to further refinement and testing, the model could be applied to other contexts to help provide a more rounded account of education and training in dementia care settings.
Radiotherapy combined with locoregional hyperthermia for oligoprogression in metastatic melanoma local control
Authors: Borkowska Aneta Maria , Chmiel Paulina , Rutkowski Piotr , Telejko Maria , Spałek Mateusz Jacek 
Published: February 2025

Background: The evidence base for the management of oligoprogression in metastatic melanoma (MM) is limited. To our knowledge, this study presents the first analysis of the local benefit (LB) of radiotherapy combined with hyperthermia during systemic treatment in this diagnosis. Methods: Patients with oligoprogressive MM who were treated with radiotherapy (RTH) combined with hyperthermia (HT) at a melanoma center between 2019 and 2023 were evaluated. Oligoprogression was defined as up to five progressive metastases. Inclusion criteria was the availability of dimensions assessment of the lesion subjected to RTH before and after treatment, patients without follow-up imaging after radiotherapy were excluded. The benefit of RTH + HT was evaluated in terms of local control (LC) rates and LB rates. LC was defined as the percentage of patients who met the Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST 1.1) criteria for stable disease (SD), partial response (PR), and complete response (CR). LB was defined as the proportion of patients who met the PR and CR criteria. In addition, overall survival (OS) rates were estimated. The association between BRAF status, age, concomitant systemic treatment, radiation total dose, and biologically effective dose and LC was estimated. Data regarding adverse effects associated with RTH + HT were compiled. Survival analyses were performed using the Kaplan–Meier estimator and log-rank tests and were used to compare between groups. Results: In total, 101 patients were included in the study, the median follow-up was 15.3 months (14–18 months). There were 56.4% BRAF(−) and 43.6% BRAF(+) patients. Most patients (71.3%) were irradiated during immunotherapy, 10.9% received concomitant BRAF and MEK inhibitors, and 3.9% had chemotherapy. LC and LB medians were not reached at the time of analysis. The 1- and 2-year LC rates were 93.5% (95% confidence interval (CI): 88.1%–99.3%) and 88.3% (95% CI: 79.9%–97.6%), respectively. The 1- and 2-year LB rates were 87.5% (95% CI: 80.5%–95.2%) and 78.1% (95% CI: 67.9%–89.9%), respectively. The mean reduction in irradiated tumor size across the entire cohort was 72%. The mOS from radiotherapy was not achieved at the time of our analysis, accordingly 1- and 2-year OS rates were 100% and 95% (95% CI: 90.4%–99.9%). None of the evaluated factors influenced LC among patients. Conclusion: Hyperthermia with radiotherapy is an effective treatment for patients with oligoprogressive melanoma. This approach has resulted in excellent LC.
Early comorbidities and diagnostic challenges in people with multiple sclerosis with possible impact on disease management
Authors: Makarov Christine , Donnachie Ewan , Hapfelmeier Alexander , Hemmer Bernhard , Gasperi Christiane 
Published: February 2025

Background Comorbidities in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) can affect disease course and quality of life. Objectives To investigate comorbidities in the five years after diagnosis, timing of comorbidity occurrence, age and sex effects, and differences between multiple sclerosis (MS) and other chronic autoimmune diseases (AIDs). Methods In this retrospective cohort study, we systematically assessed differences in diagnosis frequencies in newly diagnosed PwMS ( n = 9,880) compared to matched controls (noAID, n = 29,640) and individuals with other AIDs (psoriasis, n = 29,640; Crohn's disease, n = 9,880). Results Some comorbidities of PwMS are similarly frequent in other AIDs, while others, such as depression, are more prevalent in PwMS (odds ratio (OR) vs noAID = 2.03(1.94–2.13)). We found that personality disorders are more frequently recorded in PwMS before (OR  = 1.34(1.21–1.49)) and after MS diagnosis (OR  = 1.32(1.16–1.5)), especially in women (OR  = 1.39(1.2–1.6)). PwMS are more frequently diagnosed with Lyme disease (OR  = 1.98(1.69–2.33)), which was predominantly recorded by general practitioners after presentation with neurological symptoms. We observed lower acute tonsillitis frequencies in PwMS (OR  = 0.8(0.75–0.85)). Conclusions Our results suggest that PwMS might have a generally increased risk for specific personality disorders. More frequent Lyme disease recordings for PwMS suggest misdiagnoses of MS symptoms. Lower tonsillitis frequencies suggest a link between MS and protection from specific infections.
Study on Dry Electrical Discharge Assisted Grinding of SiCp/Al Composite
Authors: Lu Yanjun , Huang Yuming , Liu Xiaobu , Cheng Rong , Zhan Shunda 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
SiC-reinforced aluminum matrix (SiCp/Al) composite is widely utilized in the aerospace, automotive, and electronics industries due to the combination of ceramic hardness and metal toughness. However, the significant disparity in properties between SiC particles and the aluminum matrix results in severe tool wear and diminished surface quality during conventional machining. This study proposes an environmentally friendly and clean dry electrical discharge assisted grinding process as an efficient and low-damage machining method for SiCp/Al. An experimental platform was set up to study the impact of grinding and discharge process parameters on surface quality. The study compared the chip formation mechanism and surface quality between dry electrical discharge assisted grinding and conventional grinding, revealing relationships between surface roughness, grinding force, grinding temperature, and related parameters. The results indicate that the proposed grinding method leads to smaller chip sizes, lower grinding forces and temperatures, and an average reduction of 19.2% in surface roughness compared to conventional grinding. The axial, tangential, and normal grinding forces were reduced by roughly 10.5%, 37.8%, and 23.0%, respectively. The optimized process parameters were determined to be N = 2500 r/min, v
f = 30 mm/min, a = 10 µm, E = 15 V, f = 5000 Hz, d
c = 80%, resulting in a surface roughness of 0.161 μm.
Health inequality and improvement gap in the prevalence of gynecological cancers among perimenopausal women globally, 1990–2019
Authors: Yang Chenglin , Zou Jianqin , Luo Xiaochen , Ou Yangjiang , Lin Xiaoru , Wang Xinyu , Guan Qing , Zeng Fanxiang , Liang Dong , Lin Xiuquan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Perimenopausal women are a high-risk group for gynecological cancers; however, the spatiotemporal heterogeneity in prevalence and its association with socioeconomic development have not been fully explored. This study aimed to analyze the global burden of cervical, ovarian, and uterine cancers among perimenopausal women, examine health inequalities, and investigate their relationship with socioeconomic levels.

Methods
We assessed the disease burden of gynecological cancers in perimenopausal women using the 2019 Global Burden of Disease study (GBD2019) data, utilizing prevalence and Years of Life Lost (YLL) rates. Health inequality and frontier analyses were performed based on age-standardized prevalence rates for cervical, ovarian, and uterine cancers, coupled with associated socio-demographic index (SDI) data.

Results
Over the past thirty years, global prevalence rates of cervical, ovarian, and uterine cancers among perimenopausal women have risen, while the number of YLLs has declined. Correlation analysis with the SDI showed that ovarian and uterine cancer prevalence rates positively correlated with SDI, whereas cervical cancer prevalence was inversely related to it. Moreover, the burden of these cancers demonstrated marked inequalities in relation to SDI, with cervical cancer disparities intensifying—the absolute value of the inequality slope index rose from 100.98 in 1990 to 170.17 in 2019. Ovarian cancer experienced a slight decrease in inequalities, while uterine cancer saw a significant increase, with its inequality slope index jumping from 176.51 in 1990 to 226.01 in 2019. Additionally, there existed regional health disparities in the disease burden of ovarian cancer among perimenopausal women; notably, in regions where YLLs rates for ovarian cancer were increasing, economically developed areas actually exhibited a decline.

Conclusion
Globally, the prevalence of gynecological cancers in perimenopausal women showed an increasing trend. The health inequality gap for cervical and uterine cancer has widened, while disparities in ovarian cancer are particularly pronounced across regions. There remains scope for improvement in managing the prevalence of gynecological cancers among perimenopausal women across countries with varying SDI levels.
Maintained gait in persons with arthrogryposis from childhood to adulthood
Authors: Bartonek Åsa , Reimeringer Mikael , Eriksson Marie 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Individuals with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) exhibit a range of modes of ambulation, from walking independently to requiring a wheelchair. Presence of joint contractures and muscle strength plays a crucial role, and, in some patients, orthoses are necessary to facilitate or enable walking.

Methods
Gait was assessed with a three-dimensional (3D) gait analysis, calculated as a gait deviation index (GDI) of nine kinematic variables, and compared between childhood and adulthood.

Results
A total of 12 persons, 8 with community and 4 with household ambulation, who had undergone a 3D gait analysis in childhood (CH) and as an adult (follow-up, FU) at the same gait laboratory were enrolled in the study. At the FU, three, five, and four participants respectively were categorized based on need of joint stabilization while walking as AMC1 using knee-ankle-orthoses (KAFOs) with locked knee joints, AMC2 using KAFOs with free-articulating knee joint or ankle–foot-orthoses (AFOs) and AMC3 using insoles or shoes. Two participants in AMC2 had changed from AFOs to insoles or shoes between CH and FU. There were no differences in joint contractures between the AMC groups at CH or FU. Two participants had orthopaedic surgery between CH and FU. The GDI of the leg with the lowest GDI score at CH vs FU was median [min, max] 55.67 [41.79, 65.14] vs 48.4 [42.67, 56.30] (p = 1.000) in AMC1, 81.25 [59.42, 84.12] vs 68.96 [47.68, 70.33] (p = 0.043) in AMC2, and 73.15 [43.94, 91.72] vs 73.46 [50.82, 75.24] (p = 1.000) in AMC3. Time and distance parameters of cadence, walking speed, step length, and step width did not differ between the CH and FU, nor were there differences in satisfaction with the device or the service at the FU.

Conclusion
A difference in the GDI was found in one of the AMC groups between childhood and adulthood that could not be explained by factors such as contractures or muscle strength. This study reflects that gait is maintained in ambulating persons with AMC who were offered an orthosis program that has been available from childhood into adulthood.
The influence of the hidden curriculum on the risk of burnout in junior doctors in a palliative medicine rotation – a qualitative exploratory study
Authors: Ong Eng Koon , Govindasamy Ranitha , Sim Wen Shan , Krishna Lalit Kumar Radha 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Palliative Care (PC) provides person-centred care for patients with life-limiting diseases and their families. Studies have shown that healthcare professionals delivering PC are predisposed to moral distress and burnout due to constant exposure to death and dying and aspects of the hidden curriculum (HC) through which culture and values are transmitted implicitly. However, there are limited studies focusing on the latter through the lens of junior doctors. Using the Ring Theory of Personhood (RToP) and the Krishna-Pisupati Model (KPM), which categorize and map conflicts between personal and professional values, beliefs, and principles within the four domains of personhood, this study investigates the impact of palliative care experiences on the risk of burnout in junior doctors.

Methods
This qualitative exploratory study was conducted at the Division of Supportive and Palliative Care in the National Cancer Centre Singapore, involving medical residents who had completed at least one month with the division between 2020 and 2022. 13 participants were recruited for individual semi-structured interviews carried out by an independent research assistant. Acknowledging HC and burnout as sociocultural constructs, we adopted a constructivist ontological position and a relativist epistemological lens to guide thematic analysis of the data.

Results
The themes identified were: (1) The Nature of PC (2), Moral Distress, and (3) Impact of Environment on Wellbeing. Junior doctors saw the value of the philosophy of care in PC and felt compelled to adopt values espoused by the discipline. However, compounded by consistent exposure to death and dying and limitations to manpower and time, elements of the HC, such as staff support measures, proved to be significant stressors—contributing to burnout and moral distress.

Conclusion
This is the first study on the effects of the HC on burnout for junior doctors in a PC rotation. It provides unique insights into the impact of complex clinical, personal, social, ethical and organizational factors on burnout and suggests that all factors need to be addressed in tandem for any attempts at staff support to be successful. This study can guide current and future research and programs that support wellbeing for junior doctors.
Haematology dimension reduction, a large scale application to regular care haematology data
Authors: Joosse Huibert-Jan , Chumsaeng-Reijers Chontira , Huisman Albert , Hoefer Imo E. , van Solinge Wouter W. , Haitjema Saskia , van Es Bram 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
The routine diagnostic process increasingly entails the processing of high-volume and high-dimensional data that cannot be directly visualised. This processing may provide scaling issues that limit the implementation of these types of data into research as well as integrated diagnostics in routine care. Here, we investigate whether we can use existing dimension reduction techniques to provide visualisations and analyses for a complete bloodcount (CBC) while maintaining representativeness of the original data. We considered over 3 million CBC measurements encompassing over 70 parameters of cell frequency, size and complexity from the UMC Utrecht UPOD database. We evaluated PCA as an example of a linear dimension reduction techniques and UMAP, TriMap and PaCMAP as non-linear dimension reduction techniques. We assessed their technical performance using quality metrics for dimension reduction as well as biological representation by evaluating preservation of diurnal, age and sex patterns, cluster preservation and the identification of leukemia patients.

Results
We found that, for clinical hematology data, PCA performs systematically better than UMAP, TriMap and PaCMAP in representing the underlying data. Biological relevance was retained for periodicity in the data. However, we also observed a decrease in predictive performance of the reduced data for both age and sex, as well as an overestimation of clusters within the reduced data. Finally, we were able to identify the diverging patterns for leukemia patients after use of dimensionality reduction methods.

Conclusions
We conclude that for hematology data, the use of unsupervised dimension reduction techniques should be limited to data visualization applications, as implementing them in diagnostic pipelines may lead to decreased quality of integrated diagnostics in routine care.
How is autonomy supported for people with dementia living in a nursing home, to what extent and under what circumstances? A realist evaluation
Authors: van der Weide Henny , Lovink Marleen H. , Luijkx Katrien G. , Gerritsen Debby L. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Being autonomous is important for people with dementia living in nursing homes. Our recent realist review indicated that supporting their autonomy depends on various aspects.

Objective
This study aimed to uncover how people with dementia, their family members and care and treatment professionals experience the support of autonomy in daily care practice: what works, to what extent and under what circumstances.

Design
A realist evaluation was performed using qualitative methods.

Methods
We applied a realist approach through interviews with family members and care and treatment professionals, as well as on-site observations: due to their cognitive condition we could not exchange mutual views with residents directly. We performed these interviews and observations on site to find out how, to what extent and under what circumstances, supporting autonomy interventions work in daily practice situations. Causal assumptions were derived from the empirical data, leading to Context (C) –Mechanism (M) – Outcome (O) configurations.

Results
Data extraction from 24 interviews and 8 observations resulted in 19 CMO configurations on four themes: A. Autonomy and boundaries: providing maximum autonomy influenced by safety and health restrictions. B. Organization of daily care processes: the influence of attempting to increase efficiency by working routines. C. Team competences and collaboration: the possibilities of care professionals to acquire the relevant competences and an appropriate level of team collaboration. D. Interaction and relationships: the accomplishment of a working relationship between residents, their family and care and treatment professionals.

Conclusion
The results showed that supporting autonomy was valued highly by all stakeholders. In streamlining care processes, working routines were influential to supporting autonomy. Weighing risky choices for people with dementia in their decision making was another factor. Our study indicated that realizing autonomy is facilitated by a capable and collaborative team of professionals and by a working relationship between persons living with dementia, family members and professionals.
Evaluating the impact of avian paramyxovirus type 1 infection in poultry at live bird markets in Nigeria: defining hurdles to sustainable agriculture
Authors: Ekiri Abel B. , Wakawa Aliyu , Reid Scott M. , James Joe , Ross Craig , Byrne Alexander M. P. , Lewis Thomas , Lynton-Jenkins Joshua , Adebowale Kehinde , Mijten Erik , Varga Gabriel , Brown Ian H. , Banyard Ashley C. , Cook Alasdair J. C. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Infectious diseases including Newcastle disease (ND) impair poultry productivity and represent a significant burden to sustainable agriculture in Nigeria. This study aimed to investigate the active circulation and seroprevalence of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) caused by virulent forms of avian paramyxovirus type-1 (APMV-1) in poultry at live bird markets (LBMs) across Nigeria.

Methods
A cross-sectional study of 18 LBMs was conducted within three states in Nigeria (Kano, Oyo, and Abuja). Paired swab and tissue samples (n = 413) were collected from birds on FTA cards and tested for APMV-1 using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). A subset of rRT-PCR-positive samples were selected for whole genome sequencing based on the originating species (chicken, duck, geese), date, and market location to provide a broad range of isolates for characterisation. Blood samples (n = 405) were also collected from birds and the seroprevalence of APMV-1 antibodies was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results
APMV-1 RNA was detected in 21.5% (89/413) of samples from LBMs by rRT-PCR. At least one APMV-1 positive sample was detected in 55.6% (10/18) of LBMs. The largest proportion of APMV-1-positive markets was in Kano (83.3%, 5/6), whereas the lowest was in Oyo (16.7%, 1/6). Assessment of genetic data demonstrated that genotype XIV.2 APMV-1 was circulating within Nigeria with the viruses detected clustering closely with other Nigerian isolates described previously. The seroprevalence of APMV-1 in birds was 45.9% (186/405) and 94.4% (17/18) of LBMs had at least one APMV-1 seropositive sample (i.e., with at least one APMV-1-antibody-positive bird). The LBMs in Kano had the lowest seroprevalence (88.3%, 5/6).

Conclusions
This study demonstrated that APMV-1 continues to circulate in LBMs in Nigeria. LBM traders, poultry producers, and related industry and policy stakeholders should be aware of the occurrence of APMV-1 and how ND may negatively impact upon poultry production and the livelihoods of poultry farmers and LBM traders. Training initiatives aimed at improving the knowledge of APMV-1 infection and improvements in biosecurity practises and the role of disease mitigation through vaccination are required to reduce the impact of this threat to food security.