bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antiglioma Immunological Memory in Response to Conditional Cytotoxic/Immune-Stimulatory Gene Therapy: Humoral and Cellular Immunity Lead to Tumor Regression
Authors: Ghulam Muhammad A.K.M. , Candolfi Marianela , King Gwendalyn D. , Yagiz Kader , Foulad David , Mineharu Yohei , Kroeger Kurt M. , Treuer Katherine A. , Nichols W. Stephen , Sanderson Nicholas S. , Yang Jieping , Khayznikov Maksim , Van Rooijen Nico , Lowenstein Pedro R. , Castro Maria G. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Purpose: Glioblastoma multiforme is a deadly primary brain cancer. Because the tumor kills due to recurrences, we tested the hypothesis that a new treatment would lead to immunological memory in a rat model of recurrent glioblastoma multiforme.
Experimental Design: We developed a combined treatment using an adenovirus (Ad) expressing fms-like tyrosine kinase-3 ligand (Flt3L), which induces the infiltration of immune cells into the tumor microenvironment, and an Ad expressing herpes simplex virus-1–thymidine kinase (TK), which kills proliferating tumor cells in the presence of ganciclovir.
Results: This treatment induced immunological memory that led to rejection of a second glioblastoma multiforme implanted in the contralateral hemisphere and of an extracranial glioblastoma multiforme implanted intradermally. Rechallenged long-term survivors exhibited anti-glioblastoma multiforme–specific T cells and displayed specific delayed-type hypersensitivity. Using depleting antibodies, we showed that rejection of the second tumor was dependent on CD8+ T cells. Circulating anti-glioma antibodies were observed when glioblastoma multiforme cells were implanted intradermally in naïve rats or in long-term survivors. However, rats bearing intracranial glioblastoma multiforme only exhibited circulating antitumoral antibodies upon treatment with Ad-Flt3L + Ad-TK. This combined treatment induced tumor regression and release of the chromatin-binding protein high mobility group box 1 in two further intracranial glioblastoma multiforme models, that is, Fisher rats bearing intracranial 9L and F98 glioblastoma multiforme cells.
Conclusions: Treatment with Ad-Flt3L + Ad-TK triggered systemic anti–glioblastoma multiforme cellular and humoral immune responses, and anti–glioblastoma multiforme immunological memory. Release of the chromatin-binding protein high mobility group box 1 could be used as a noninvasive biomarker of therapeutic efficacy for glioblastoma multiforme. The robust treatment efficacy lends further support to its implementation in a phase I clinical trial. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(19):6113–27)
Nuclear NF-κB p65 Phosphorylation at Serine 276 by Protein Kinase A Contributes to the Malignant Phenotype of Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Arun Pattatheyil , Brown Matthew S. , Ehsanian Reza , Chen Zhong , Van Waes Carter 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Purpose: Aberrant nuclear activation and phosphorylation of the canonical NF-κB subunit RELA/p65 at Serine-536 by inhibitor κB kinase is prevalent in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), but the role of other kinases in NF-κB activation has not been well defined. Here, we investigated the prevalence and function of p65-Ser276 phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA) in the malignant phenotype and gene transactivation, and studied p65-Ser276 as a potential target for therapy.
Experimental Design: Phospho and total p65 protein expression and localization were determined in HNSCC tissue array and in cell lines. The effects of the PKA inhibitor H-89 on NF-κB activation, downstream gene expression, cell proliferation and cell cycle were examined. Knockdown of PKA by specific siRNA confirmed the specificity.
Results: NF-κB p65 phosphorylated at Ser276 was prevalent in HNSCC and adjacent dysplastic mucosa, but localized to the cytoplasm in normal mucosa. In HNSCC lines, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) significantly increased, whereas H-89 inhibited constitutive and TNF-α–induced nuclear p65 (Ser276) phosphorylation, and significantly suppressed NF-κB and target gene IL-8 reporter activity. Knockdown of PKA by small interfering RNA inhibited NF-κB, IL-8, and BCL-XL reporter gene activities. H-89 suppressed cell proliferation, induced cell death, and blocked the cell cycle in G1-S phase. Consistent with its biological effects, H-89 down-modulated expression of NF-κB–related genes Cyclin D1, BCL2, BCL-XL, COX2, IL-8, and VEGF, as well as induced cell cycle inhibitor p21CIP1/WAF1, while suppressing proliferative marker Ki67.
Conclusions: NF-κB p65 (Ser276) phosphorylation by PKA promotes the malignant phenotype and holds potential as a therapeutic target in HNSCC. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(19):5974–84)
MicroRNA Expression in Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagus: Associations with Survival
Authors: Mathé Ewy A. , Nguyen Giang Huong , Bowman Elise D. , Zhao Yiqiang , Budhu Anuradha , Schetter Aaron J. , Braun Rosemary , Reimers Mark , Kumamoto Kensuke , Hughes Duncan , Altorki Nasser K. , Casson Alan G. , Liu Chang-Gong , Wang Xin Wei , Yanaihara Nozomu , Hagiwara Nobutoshi , Dannenberg Andrew J. , Miyashita Masao , Croce Carlo M. , Harris Curtis C. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Purpose: The dismal outcome of esophageal cancer patients highlights the need for novel prognostic biomarkers, such as microRNAs (miRNA). Although recent studies have established the role of miRNAs in esophageal carcinoma, a comprehensive multicenter study investigating different histologic types, including squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma with or without Barrett's, is still lacking.
Experimental Design: miRNA expression was measured in cancerous and adjacent noncancerous tissue pairs collected from 100 adenocarcinoma and 70 SCC patients enrolled at four clinical centers from the United States, Canada, and Japan. Microarray-based expression was measured in a subset of samples in two cohorts and was validated in all available samples.
Results: In adenocarcinoma patients, miR-21, miR-223, miR-192, and miR-194 expression was elevated, whereas miR-203 expression was reduced in cancerous compared with noncancerous tissue. In SCC patients, we found elevated miR-21 and reduced miR-375 expression levels in cancerous compared with noncancerous tissue. When comparing cancerous tissue expression between adenocarcinoma and SCC patients, miR-194 and miR-375 were elevated in adenocarcinoma patients. Significantly, elevated miR-21 expression in noncancerous tissue of SCC patients and reduced levels of miR-375 in cancerous tissue of adenocarcinoma patients with Barrett's were strongly associated with worse prognosis. Associations with prognosis were independent of tumor stage or nodal status, cohort type, and chemoradiation therapy.
Conclusions: Our multicenter-based results highlight miRNAs involved in major histologic types of esophageal carcinoma and uncover significant associations with prognosis. Elucidating miRNAs relevant to esophageal carcinogenesis is potentially clinically useful for developing prognostic biomarkers and identifying novel drug targets and therapies. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(19):6192–200)
Inhibiting the Hypoxia Response for Cancer Therapy: The New Kid on the Block
Authors: Koh Mei Yee , Spivak-Kroizman Taly R. , Powis Garth 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF)-1α inhibitor KC7F2 described in this issue of Clinical Cancer Research is the newest addition to an emerging class of antitumor agents targeting the hypoxia response. Here, we discuss the proposed mechanism of action of KC7F2 and its potential strengths and limitations in comparison with other promising HIF-1α inhibitors. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(19):5945–6)
A Pooled Analysis of Continued Prophylactic Efficacy of Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus (Types 6/11/16/18) Vaccine against High-grade Cervical and External Genital Lesions
Authors: Kjaer Susanne K. , Sigurdsson Kristján , Iversen Ole-Erik , Hernandez-Avila Mauricio , Wheeler Cosette M. , Perez Gonzalo , Brown Darron R. , Koutsky Laura A. , Tay Eng Hseon , García Patricia , Ault Kevin A. , Garland Suzanne M. , Leodolter Sepp , Olsson Sven-Eric , Tang Grace W.K. , Ferris Daron G. , Paavonen Jorma , Lehtinen Matti , Steben Marc , Bosch F. Xavier , Dillner Joakim , Joura Elmar A. , Majewski Slawomir , Muñoz Nubia , Myers Evan R. , Villa Luisa L. , Taddeo Frank J. , Roberts Christine , Tadesse Amha , Bryan Janine , Maansson Roger , Lu Shuang , Vuocolo Scott , Hesley Teresa M. , Saah Alfred , Barr Eliav , Haupt Richard M. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractQuadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has been shown to provide protection from HPV 6/11/16/18–related cervical, vaginal, and vulvar disease through 3 years. We provide an update on the efficacy of the quadrivalent HPV vaccine against high-grade cervical, vaginal, and vulvar lesions based on end-of-study data from three clinical trials. Additionally, we stratify vaccine efficacy by several baseline characteristics, including age, smoking status, and Papanicolaou (Pap) test results. A total of 18,174 females ages 16 to 26 years were randomized and allocated into one of three clinical trials (protocols 007, 013, and 015). Vaccine or placebo was given at baseline, month 2, and month 6. Pap testing was conducted at regular intervals. Cervical and anogenital swabs were collected for HPV DNA testing. Examination for the presence of vulvar and vaginal lesions was also done. Endpoints included high-grade cervical, vulvar, or vaginal lesions (CIN 2/3, VIN 2/3, or VaIN 2/3). Mean follow-up time was 42 months post dose 1. Vaccine efficacy against HPV 6/11/16/18–related high-grade cervical lesions in the per-protocol and intention-to-treat populations was 98.2% [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 93.3-99.8] and 51.5% (95% CI, 40.6-60.6), respectively. Vaccine efficacy against HPV 6/11/16/18–related high-grade vulvar and vaginal lesions in the per-protocol and intention-to-treat populations was 100.0% (95% CI, 82.6-100.0) and 79.0% (95% CI, 56.4-91.0), respectively. Efficacy in the intention-to-treat population tended to be lower in older women, women with more partners, and women with abnormal Pap test results. The efficacy of quadrivalent HPV vaccine against high-grade cervical and external anogenital neoplasia remains high through 42 months post vaccination.
Detection of MGMT Promoter Methylation in Normal Individuals Is Strongly Associated with the T Allele of the rs16906252 MGMT Promoter Single Nucleotide Polymorphism
Authors: Candiloro Ida L.M. , Dobrovic Alexander 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Methylation of the CpG island in the MGMT promoter region is a frequent event in several cancer types including colorectal cancer, lung cancer, lymphoma, and glioblastoma. A correlation between methylation and the T allele of the rs16906252 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in colorectal carcinomas has previously been reported. As aberrant MGMT methylation can be an early event in tumor development, we tested the hypothesis that normal individuals possessing the T allele may be predisposed to somatic methylation at the MGMT promoter. Peripheral blood monononuclear cell DNA from 89 normal, healthy individuals was genotyped at rs1690625 and assessed for the methylation status of the MGMT promoter region using independent quantitative methodologies capable of detecting low-level methylation: MethyLight and Sensitive Melting Analysis after Real-time Methylation-Specific PCR (SMART-MSP). There was a strong association between presence of the T allele and detectable methylation (P = 0.00005) in the peripheral blood DNA. Furthermore, when a MSP assay flanking the SNP was used to amplify methylated sequences in heterozygotes, only the T allele was methylated. Thus, detectable somatic methylation of the MGMT promoter in normal individuals is strongly associated with the T allele of the rs16906252 MGMT promoter SNP.
Why Does R. Akiba Acclaim Bar Kokhba as Messiah?
Authors: Novenson Matthew 
Published: September 2009

AbstractPeter Schäfer has argued that the name of R. Akiba is secondary to y. Ta'an. 4:8/27, in which R. Akiba is said to have acclaimed Bar Kokhba as messiah. Some interpreters have countered, however, that rabbinic haggadah would not attribute such an embarrassing position to R. Akiba if he had not held it. In response to both these arguments, I propose that the R. Akiba-Bar Kokhba tradition fits a pattern of talmudic stories about the Second Revolt in which the rabbis are anachronistically cast in a position of influence. This tradition is an example of a late antique literary topos attested in Jewish, Christian, and pagan sources in which a founder of a minority movement is remembered as having conversed with a contemporary world leader. In short, both Schäfer and his critics are right: R. Akiba was not originally part of the tradition preserved in y. Ta'an. 4:8/27, but there is a compelling tradition-historical rationale for inserting him there.
The Syntax of Violence. Between Hegel and Marx
Authors: Morfino Vittorio 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis article aims to show that the theory of violence in Marx and Engels is driven by a conceptual syntax which can be found in two important chapters of Hegel's Science of Logic ('Actuality' and 'Teleology'). These categories are the timeless schemata of the appearance of historical violence in Hegel's Outlines of the Philosophy of Right. However it is possible to find in Marx's writing on violence a sort of counter-movement that cannot be inscribed in the process of the becoming-subject of substance.
Urbane Revolutionary: C.L.R. James and the Struggle for a New Society Rethinking Race, Politics, and Poetics: C.L.R. James' Critique of Modernity
Authors: Høgsbjerg Christian 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis review-essay examines two recent works of scholarship on the life and work of the late Trinidadian intellectual and activist C.L.R. James (1901–89). While recognising the respective merits of Frank Rosengarten's Urbane Revolutionary; C.L.R. James and the Struggle for a New Society (2008) and Brett St Louis's Rethinking Race, Politics, and Poetics: C.L.R. James' Critique of Modernity (2007) the essay argues that a critical weakness of both works is their problematic discussion of James's Marxism. This review will aim not simply to defend the central importance of Marxism for James, but will also suggest that, as much as anything, it is precisely this that gives so much of his work a rare urgency and critical relevance in the twenty-first century.
Editorial Introduction to Paul Levi, Our Path and What Is the Crime?
Authors: Fernbach David 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThese two key texts of German Communism appear in English for the first time. Paul Levi's Our Path and What Is the Crime? were the response of the KPD leader to the disastrous 'March Action' of 1921. Over two years, Levi had succeeded in building a mass revolutionary party that drew on the traditions of both Luxemburg and Lenin; this was now over-ridden by a stereotyped Bolshevism enforced by the Comintern's emissaries. In the first text, subtitled 'Against Putschism' and written within days of the attempted coup, Levi criticised the attempt to seize power without the majority-backing of the working class, which had decimated the Party's membership. Its publication led to Levi's exclusion from the Party for breach of discipline, even though his critique of the March Action was shared by Lenin. The second text was delivered verbally to the Central Committee, as an unsuccessful appeal against his expulsion, and the transcript gives a unique flavour of the atmosphere in the KPD leadership at this crucial moment.
The Architectural Metamorphosis of the Israeli-Arab Kitchen: Social Structures, Cultural Patterns, and Gender Identities in a Spatial Perspective
Authors: Peled Kobi 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis essay focuses on the relationship between form and culture. It demonstrates how architectural evidence can be used in the historical reconstruction of social and cultural processes. In this research, the architectural metamorphosis of the kitchen in the Palestinian Arab society in Israel is outlined from the end of the Ottoman rule to the late twentieth century. Beginning in late nineteenth-century rural Palestine, when preparation of food was an integral part of the agricultural way of life, this essay traces the kitchen's departure from the interior space during the period of the British Mandate in Palestine and the early years of the State of Israel; its return to the house in the sixties; and the subsequent changes in the design of the kitchen during the last quarter of the previous century. This socio-architectural analysis seeks to examine forms of life in a broad historical context of social, economic, and political transformations, and to carefully draw significant insights about the status of women in the domestic sphere from the architectural history of the kitchen.
The Use of Eschatological Lists within the Targumim of the Megilloth
Authors: Brady Christian 
Published: September 2009

AbstractSeveral of the Targumim of the Megilloth contain lists (songs, famines, kings, etc.) that culminate in the future Messianic age. For example, Tg. Song opens with the list of Ten Songs and Tg. Ruth opens with the list of Ten Famines. Such lists are well known from other midrashic texts and this article will consider how and why these lists are used in the Targumim of the Megilloth and will propose that these additions are not merely the result of an opportunity presented by the Hebrew text but are being used specifically to further the overarching exegetical agenda of the Targum in question.
Aramaic Tombstones from Zoar and Jewish Conceptions of the Afterlife
Authors: Wilfand Yael 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis study utilizes thirty epitaphs, found near the Dead Sea shore, to explore afterlife concepts within the Jewish community of Zoar. The interpretation of these late antiquity epitaphs reveals a comprehensive view regarding the afterlife. This view contains an expectation for the resurrection of the dead that will occur when the “announcer of peace,” i.e., the anointed king, arrives. At that time, the Temple will be rebuilt and priests will return to their work. In the meantime, it was hoped that the deceased would have a peaceful rest. The tombstones articulate these expectations also through the use of the word “shalom” which conveys two meanings: (1) it is the symbol of the deliverance, and (2) it is also the symbol of the condition of the dead while waiting for the resurrection.
Effective Use of Paired Testing in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Parkin Christopher G. , Hinnen Deborah , Campbell R. Keith , Geil Patricia , Tetrick David L. , Polonsky William H. 
Published: September 2009

Purpose The purpose of this article is to discuss practical approaches to the use of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in clinical practice using paired glucose testing. A rationale for SMBG use and innovative tools for data collection and analysis are presented. Method Health care professionals from various medical specialties collaborated to review current evidence regarding the value and utility of SMBG and to formulate professional opinions regarding use of SMBG. The literature review included key SMBG studies from 2002 through 2009. Established guidelines, position papers, and other evidence were also reviewed for this report. Reference Manager Software was used to search ISI Web of Science, PubMed, and Z39.50 site databases. Results Although the utility of SMBG in non—insulin-treated type 2 diabetes remains controversial, a recent report from the International Diabetes Federation recommends SMBG use in this population if it is used to educate/ motivate individuals and/or monitor and adjust therapy. Health care providers must develop strategies to use SMBG in ways that address these criteria. Conclusions Paired SMBG (testing before/after specific events) promotes diabetes knowledge and self-management skills and facilitates assessment of the impact of behavioral changes, medical nutrition therapy, and pharmacologic interventions on glycemic levels. New tools have been developed to assist in using paired testing in clinical practice.
Incidence, Risk, and Protective Factors of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in a Cohort of Australian Nonprofessional Male Rugby Players
Authors: Hollis Stephanie J. , Stevenson Mark R. , McIntosh Andrew S. , Shores E. Arthur , Collins Michael W. , Taylor Colman B. 
Published: September 2009

Background Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is an emerging public health issue in high-contact sports. Understanding the incidence along with the risk and protective factors of mTBI in high-contact sports such as rugby is paramount if appropriate preventive strategies are to be developed. Purpose To estimate the incidence and identify the risk and protective factors of mTBI in Australian nonprofessional rugby players. Study Design Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods A cohort of 3207 male nonprofessional rugby players from Sydney, Australia, was recruited and followed over 1 or more playing seasons. Demographic information, history of recent concussion, and information on risk and protective factors were collected. The incidence of mTBI was estimated and the putative risk and protective factors were modeled in relation to mTBI. Results The incidence of mTBI was 7.97 per 1000 player game hours, with 313 players (9.8%) sustaining 1 or more mTBIs during the study. Players who reported always wearing protective headgear during games were at a reduced risk (incident rate ratio [IRR], 0.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.40–0.82) of sustaining an mTBI. In contrast, the likelihood of mTBI was almost 2 times higher among players who reported having sustained either 1 (IRR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.11–2.76) or more mTBIs (IRR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.11–2.45) within the 12 months before recruitment. Conclusion Nonprofessional rugby has a high incidence of mTBI, with the absence of headgear and a recent history of mTBI associated with an increased risk of subsequent mTBI. These findings highlight that both use of headgear and the management of prior concussion would likely be beneficial in reducing the likelihood of mTBI among nonprofessional rugby players, who compose more than 99% of rugby union players in Australia.