bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ontogenic changes in diel vertical migration patterns compared with known allometric changes in three mesopelagic squid species suggest an expanded definition of a paralarva
Authors: Shea Elizabeth K. , Vecchione Michael 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Shea, E. K., and Vecchione, M. 2010. Ontogenic changes in diel vertical migration patterns compared with known allometric changes in three mesopelagic squid species suggest an expanded definition of a paralarva. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1436–1443. Planktonic and newly hatched cephalopods are routinely called paralarvae. Currently, the onset of diel vertical migration (DVM) marks the end of the paralarval phase, although changes in ontogenic growth trajectories may also be used. Patterns of DVM are reported for the first time for three poorly understood mesopelagic squid species. Discrete-depth samples taken during the Amsterdam Mid North Atlantic Plankton Expeditions (AMNAPE) of 1980–1983 are used to examine the timing of ecological and morphological changes in Chtenopteryx sicula, Mastigoteuthis magna, and Brachioteuthis sp. 3. DVM patterns are species-specific, and ontogenic changes in DVM coincide with allometric changes in the arm, fin, and funnel characters of C. sicula at 7 mm mantle length. Mastigoteuthis magna is not concentrated in the upper 250 m of the water column during the day, and no clear DVM pattern is found in Brachioteuthis sp. 3, meaning that the endpoint of the paralarval phase cannot be defined ecologically in these species. Other ecological transformations, e.g. changes in prey-capture ability, are therefore explored as alternatives to DVM. The pad-shaped club and long neck are proposed as visual markers of the end of the paralarval phase of C. sicula and Brachioteuthis sp. 3, respectively.
Families in court—guilty or guilty?
Authors: SMITH PETER M. 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARY. The case for the introduction of family courts in England and Wales rests on the unsuitability of the present court systems to the effective and efficient resolution of family problemsLast year the Socio‐Legal Centre for Family Studies of the University of Bristol, published an important study by Mervyn Murch and colleagues, The Overlapping Family Jurisdiction of the Magistrates' Courts and County Courts (1987), which describes the views of the court‐users of their experience in court. The research discovered that families find court attendance frightening and that the present court arrangements are insensitive to the needs of families. This article brings these findings to a wider audience and comments on their significance
Prealbumin locus in chickens
Authors: Stratil A. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThree different phenotypes of a weakly staining prealbumin migrating near the borate line during starch gel electrophoresis were found in chicken sera and egg yolks. It is shown that the synthesis of these phenotypes is determined by one autosomal locus with two alleles, PaA and PaB.The paper also presents the results of partial isolation of polymorphic prealbumins from cock sera. Rivanol®– ammonium sulphate precipitation and chromatography on Sephadex G‐200® were used for this purpose.
The freezing and preservation of bovine erythrocytes in liquid nitrogen
Authors: Zink G. L. , Hines H. C. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryBovine erythrocytes can be preserved for long periods of time by freezing and storing in liquid nitrogen. Blood group determinations, titrations, and isoimmunizations indicated that there were no detectable alterations in antigenic reactivities of preserved erythrocytes when compared with fresh samples of blood from the same animal. In addition, consistent percentages of recovery within a frozen mixture could be obtained, indicating that the deterioration of erythrocytes with time was not significant. Variations in the percentage of recovery of erythrocytes with different concentrations of sucrose (the cryoprotective agent) were significant at the 0.01 level of probability. The highest average percentages of recovery of erythrocytes from whole blood and the cellular fraction of blood (blood from which plasma was removed before freezing) were obtained with 45 and 40% sucrose, respectively. Results also indicated that whole blood gave a slightly higher percentage of recovery, than the cellular fraction. The individual donor effect, storage time in liquid nitrogen, and various saline concentrations of the thawing and washing solutions had no significant effects upon percentage of recovery.
A comparison of occurrence of A, Na and Nb substances in the blood, milk and saliva of sows
Authors: Hojny J. , Glasnák V. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe soluble A‐substance has been found in the serum, milk and saliva of all A‐positive sows with the exception of one serum from a sow of Ap phenotype. A‐substance inhibition activity has been measured. High titres were found in the saliva of the Ac group and in Ap phenotypes.In addition to the previously described presence of soluble Na and Nb substances in the serum, both these substances were also found in nearly the same level in the milk of sows of appropriate phenotypes.The saliva of pigs does not contain soluble Na or Nb substances.
A study on genetic linkage in chickens comprising six loci for polymorphic proteins and three othei gene pairs
Authors: Stratil A. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryGenetic linkage of six loci for polymorphic proteins in chickens (Alb, Tf, Pa, Ov, G3 and G2) and three loci for somatic markers (W/w, P/p and I/i) was investigated. The existence of close linkage was proved between Ov and G3. No sign of linkage was detected between the other loci.
Genetic control of cholinesterase activity in horse serum
Authors: Gahne B. , Bengtsson S. , Sandberg K. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe cholinesterase activity in horse serum was shown to be controlled by four co‐dominant autosomal alleles, ChA, ChB, Chc and ChD. The respective alleles controlled an activity of approximately 40, 76, 126 and 155 units. Nine phenotypes with different enzyme levels were distinguished. Family data with 11 stallions, 108 mares and 128 offspring were consistent with the genetic theory. The gene frequencies in the North Swedish horse breed were 0.32, 0.42, 0.13 and 0.13, respectively.
Foetal and neonatal transferrins in cattle
Authors: Spooner R. L. , Land R. B. , Oliver R. A. , Stratil A. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryHomozygous transferrins of adult cattle are made up of two strong pairs and one weak pair of protein bands on starch gel electrophoresis. Foetal transferrins have only the slower band of each pair with the fastest band of the three being much stronger than in the adult type. Before term the second band of each pair begins to develop and at the same time the fastest pair becomes weaker – attaining the adult type by term or soon after. The ai protein, which is present in early foetal life and almost disappears by 250 days of embryonic development, shows individual variation. Its relationship to fetuin is discussed.
Relationship between blood or milk polymorphisms and size measures of Holstein heifers1
Authors: Brum E. W. , Hines H. C. , Ludwick T. M. , Rader E. R. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryPolymorphisms of Holstein heifers from ten state‐owned dairy herds were compared with their birth weights and four measures of body size taken at 3, 6, and 12 months of age, and three months after first calving. The eleven polymorphic systems included the A, B, FV, J, L, S and Z blood group systems, the serum transferrins, and the β‐lactoglobulin, αs1‐casein, and β‐casein milk protein systems. Possible effects of polymorphisms on body measurements were investigated by analysis of variance. The numbers of animals included in the analyses ranged from 2600 in one analysis to about 100 heifers with precalving measurements and identified polymorphism types for the systems studied. Most of the analysis involved over 1000 animals. No meaningful evidence of relationship between polymorphism type and single measurement, type of measurement or measurements taken at the same age was observed. Enumeration of the probabilities that the F values could have resulted from chance alone indicated that, as a whole and generally for various groupings, fewer F values associated with low probabilities were observed than expected.
Phosphohexose isomerase polymorphism of pigs
Authors: Kúbek A. , Dinklage H. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryUsing starch gel electrophoresis, polymorphism of phosphohexose isomerase (PHI) was found in haemolysed swine erythrocytes.Three different phenotypes A, AB and B were observed. They are determined by two autosomal codominant alleles A and B. Homozygous types have three fractions; a strong middle band flanked by two weaker ones. The heterozygous types have five fractions, three strong bands in the middle with weaker anodic and catodic bands.Segregation data in the family material support this hypothesis. The age does not influence the pattern of the PHI types.
The distribution of transferrin and hemoglobin types in families of Suffolk and Targhee sheep1
Authors: Fésüs L. , Rasmusen B. A. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryTransferrin and hemoglobin types were determined for 2133 sheep (Suffolks, Targhees, and Suffolk × Targhee crossbreds) and gene frequencies were calculated. Analysis of ratios of hemoglobin types revealed a significant excess of lambs of hemoglobin B/B type in some matings. For transferrins, there was a deficiency of homozygotes for TfB in offspring of matings of TfB heterozygotes inter se.
Serum amylase isozyme in three Austrian cattle breeds
Authors: Schleger W. 
Published: August 2010

SummarySerum amylase phenotypes were determined for 1227 animals from three Austrian cattle breeds, Tyrolean Grey, Carinthian Blondvieh and Waldviertler Blondvieh. The phenotypes were determined for 450 offspring from families where both sire and dam were typed. The distribution of the 450 progeny phenotypes in which 30 of the 36 possible mating combinations occur is compatible with the hypothesis of three autosomal co‐dominant alleles.All six possible phenotypes were found in all three breed groups. Gene frequencies of amylase alleles as well as the probability of excluding wrong parentage were estimated for all three breeds.
Iso‐antibodies to red cell antigens in pigs' sera. 1. Iso‐immunisation of pregnancy in sows
Authors: Linklater K. A. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryIt has been demonstrated that iso‐immunisation of sows by foetal red cell antigens can occur. Four sows were shown to produce iso‐antibodies to the blood group factors Ea and Kb, after giving birth to Ea‐positive and Kb‐positive piglets, respectively. They did not produce the antibodies after giving birth to only Ea‐negative and Kb‐negative piglets, respectively.Two Ea‐negative gilts and a further Ea‐negative sow, all of which had no evidence of red cell iso‐antibodies in their sera were mated to an Ea‐positive boar. Anti‐Ea was detected in the sera of two of them for the first time after the subsequent parturition; the third remained negative.Complete and reliable life histories of all these animals were available. There were no previous injections of pig red cells in any form.
Electrophoretic investigation of plasma and red cell proteins and enzymes of Macquarie Island elephant seals
Authors: McDermid E. M. , Ananthakrishnan R. , Agar N. S. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryElectrophoretic investigations of the protein and enzyme groups of 8 plasma and of 11 red cell systems have been carried out on 42 samples of seals of the species Mirounga leonina (L.) from Macquarie Island.Variation was demonstrated in the following 5 systems: phosphoglucomutase, red cell acid phosphatase, phosphohexose isomerase, albumin and pre‐albumin.
Genetic variation of tetrazolium oxidase in the fat‐tailed dunnart Sminthopsis crassicaudata Gould (Marsupialia)
Authors: Hope R. M. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryElectrophoretic variation in red blood cell tetrazolium oxidase has been detected in a laboratory colony of the fat‐tailed dunnart, Sminthopsis crassicaudata. Evidence from family data suggest that this variation is determined by a pair of co‐dominant autosomal alleles, ToA and ToB, heterozygotes possessing enzymatically active hybrid protein.
The failure of induced anemia to affect changes in hemoglobin and chimerism in cattle1
Authors: Niece R. L. , Bendely Stephanie , Caulton Joan , Bacon J. , Cragle R. G. , Stone W. H. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryIn contrast to sheep and goats, chronic and acute anemia induced by bleeding does not appear to alter hemoglobin types in cattle. Three adult cattle twins of type A and two non‐twin calves of type AB sustained anemias with hemoglobin levels of 80 % and 50 % of normal without the appearance of a new type. In addition, no changes in the chimeric red cell mixtures were observed in the twins.
Purine nucleoside phosphorylase (NP) of bovine erythrocytes: genetic control of electrophoretic variants
Authors: Ansay M. , Hanset R. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryA genetic polymorphism of the purine nucleoside phosphorylase is described in red cells of cattle. Electrophoresis distinguishes two types, one associated with a high activity (H), the other with a low activity (L). Breeding tests suggest the segregation of two alleles: a dominant allele for high activity (H) and a recessive allele for low activity (L). On the basis of quantitative estimation of enzyme activity, the individuals of the H phenotype can be separated in two classes, the enzyme activity in one class being twice as high as the activity in the other class. It is suggested that the class with the highest enzymatic activity corresponds to the homozygote for the H allele, the other class to the heterozygote. In fact, an A.I. bull (H phenotype and with the highest enzymatic activity) mated with cows of the L phenotype, gave offspring of the H phenotype, only. The decline of activity, with age, is stressed. Four breeds have been typed. The Charolais breed is characterized by a high frequency of the H allele.
Preliminary studies on allotypes in cattle1
Authors: Wegrzyn J. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThis paper presents evidence of five isoimmune sera, which identified five antigens of cattle blood serum. These antigens were examined by means of staining, immuno‐electrophoresis and Sephadex G 200 column chromatography.It was established that the BA‐2, BA‐3, BA‐4 and BA‐4′ antigens were proteins, whilst the BA‐1 antigen was a lipoprotein.The BA‐3 antigen migrated in the γ‐globulin position; the remaining four antigens migrated in the α‐globulin region.The antigens under examination were already present in the blood serum during the first few days of life and appeared to be of a stable character.The results of genetic analysis suggest that these antigens were transmitted according to Mendelism.
Phosphohexose isomerase polymorphism in horse erythrocytes
Authors: Sandberg Kaj 
Published: August 2010

SummaryFour individual patterns of phosphohexose isomerase (PHI) from horse red cells were found by starch gel electrophoresis. Population and family data of two Swedish horse breeds were consistent with the theory that the PHI types were controlled by three codominant, autosomal alleles designated PHIF, PHIIand PHIS(F,IandS).
The reactivity of canine red cells with heterophile agglutinins having anti‐A activity*
Authors: Bowdler A. J. , Uhlenbruck G. , Dries C. , Bull R. W. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryHeterophile A‐reactive agglutinins, obtained from the seeds of Dolichos biflorus and from the snails Helix aspersa, Helix pomatia and Cepaea nemoralis, were tested for reactivity with the saliva and red cells of a random series of dogs. Saliva from dogs with the A‐like Tr red cell antigen inhibited the agglutination of human A red cells by each of the reagents. However, none of the heterophile agglutinins distinguished Tr+ from Tr— red cells: the Dolichos agglutinin was non‐reactive, while all of the snail reagents agglutinated both Tr+ and Tr— cells. It is concluded that the canine red cell bears a series of heterophile receptors which mask reactivity with the canine homologue of the red cell A‐antigen, and that the restricted size of the binding sites of the agglutinins limits the informational significance of cross‐reactivity obtained with these reagents.
The evidence of erythrocyte acid phosphatase by starch gel electrophoresis in the pig
Authors: Meyer J. N. , Verhorst D. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryUp to now no polymorphism of acid phosphatase in pigs has been reported. According to the method of Radam & Strauch (1971) 3 phenotypes of acid phosphatase, A, AB and B, were identified in haemolysates from 284 German Landrace boars. The corresponding gene frequencies1 were found: 0.74 for PA and 0.26 for PB.
Electrophoretic variation of adductor muscle protein and tetrazolium oxidase in the smooth Washington clam, Saxidomus giganteus (Deshayes 1839)
Authors: Johnson Allyn G. , Utter Fred M. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryTwo electrophoretic polymorphisms (muscle protein 2 alleles and tetrazolium oxidase 3 alleles) were found in Saxidomus giganteus. The muscle protein system showed significant differences between collections from different locations, while the tetrazolium oxidase system showed variation in allele frequency suggestive of a north‐south cline.
Studies on serum antigens in carp1
Authors: Stota Ewa 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThree antigens of carp blood serum are described. It is suggested that the antigen Lpf‐1 which had been previously detected by the use of heteroimmune serum seems to depend somehow upon the sexual maturity of carp.The other antigen, Af‐1, is of low frequency and belongs to the albumins.The frequency and inheritance of the previously detected antigen Pf‐1 is also reported.
Genetic control of urea resistant esterase of liver extracts in chicken
Authors: Ueda Junji , Hachinohe Yoshio 
Published: August 2010

SummaryStarch gel electrophoresis according to Okada & Sasaki (1970) revealed six regions of esterase activity designated I to VI. Further genetic variation was found in esterase region III in this study. Two phenotypes, A and O, were observed by means of urea denaturation of chicken liver extracts. These were genetically controlled by an autosomal locus, designated as Es‐9, with a completely dominant (Es‐9A) and a completely recessive (Es‐9°) alleles. Es‐9
A was the most frequent allele in White Plymouth Rock, New Hampshire and Australorp strains and rare in White Leghorn strains.
Bovine plasma alkaline phosphatase activity in relation to age, J substance and β‐lactoglobulin phenotypes
Authors: Agergaard N. , Larsen B. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryIn Jersey cattle the plasma alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity was found to be markedly age‐dependent. Among animals grouped with regard to age a marked decrease in the average plasma AP activity was shown to take place until an age of 21/2 to 3 years. For the J substance and β‐lactoglobulin phenotypes a dependency of age was not observed in the material studied.Excluding animals less than 3 years old and thus eliminating variation in AP activity due to age, a significant association (P<0.01) between AP activity and J phenotypes was observed among 91 animals. The Jcs phenotype was associated with low AP activity and the ja phenotype with high AP activity. On the average the J substance phenotypes, Jcs, Js and ja, exhibit an increasing plasma AP activity of 3.6, 4.2 and 6.8 King Armstrong Units, respectively, and a corresponding decrease in J substance.In a similar comparison of the β‐lactoglobulin phenotypes and plasma AP activity involving 82 lactating cows, an excess of the β‐lactoglobulin BB phenotypes with high AP activity just at P = 0.05 was observed.
Serological techniques for the detection of antibodies to porcine thrombocytes. 1. The agglutination, fluorescent antibody and immunodiffusion techniques
Authors: Linklater K. A. , Imlah P. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryAttempts were made to detect porcine thrombocyte antibodies by three techniques. No antibodies were detected by immunodiffusion; hetero‐antibodies were detected by both the fluorescent antibody and thrombo‐agglutination techniques; but iso‐antibodies were only detected by thrombo‐agglutination. With the latter, however, there were ill‐defined end‐points which made the interpretation of negative results difficult. It was therefore suitable only for positive reactions of strong avidity.
Deficiency of a carbonic anhydrase (CAI) isoenzyme in the chinchilla
Authors: Carter N. D. 
Published: August 2010

Summary1. A marked deficiency of the low activity carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme (CAI) has been found in chinchillas, resulting in a 90% reduction in CAI.2. The trace of CAI found in deficient animals exhibits a similar immunological reaction and electrophoretic migration to the usual CAI (+).
Removal of blood group determinants from bovine erythrocyte membranes. 1. Action of proteolytic enzymes on ghosts1
Authors: Zink G. L. , Hines H. C. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThirty‐nine blood group antigens were detected by hemolytic inhibition tests on erythrocyte ghosts prior to enzyme digestion. The ghosts, produced from erythrocytes collected from six different cattle, were digested with the proteolytic enzymes papain, protease, ficin, chymotrypsin and trypsin. Of the 39 antigens, 30 were removed from the membranes and detected in the soluble fraction resulting from the digestions. Some antigens were consistently removed by all enzymes digesting all ghosts possessing them, while the degree to which many other antigenic determinants were removed varied according to the ghosts being digested and the enzymes employed. Of the 9 remaining determinants never removed from the ghosts, some were detected in the insoluble fraction while others were not detected at all. These latter antigens were presumably destroyed by the enzyme digestion.
The relationship between the S system of blood groups and potassium levels in red blood cells of cattle
Authors: Rasmusen B. A. , Tucker Elizabeth M. , Ellory J. C. , Spooner R. L. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryRed cell potassium concentrations were determined in 5 breeds of cattle. Most cattle had red cells with less than 50 mmol K/litre and although a few Hereford and Friesian cows had levels approaching 70 mmol K/litre, it was only in the Jersey breed that values above this were found. Attempts were made to correlate potassium levels with serological specificity using cattle S system and sheep M system blood typing reagents. Red cells negative for cattle factors S, H‘, and S were never positive for sheep L; cells positive for H’ were usually positive for M, and those positive for S were always positive for L. No obvious relationship was found between potassium levels and serological type, although some consistent trends were noted in Friesians and Herefords. Limited family data indicated that a major difference in potassium levels of red cells in cattle may be controlled by two codomi‐nant alleles.
Further studies on the genetic control of the blood group system C of cattle1
Authors: Bouw J. , Buys C. , Schreuder Ieke 
Published: August 2010

SummaryIn a comparative study of blood group genotypes of 16 000 cattle with those of both parents, 43 cases of irregular inheritance of blood groups of the system C were observed.These cases are used for the establishment of a linear model for the genes controlling the separate parts of the blood groups.
Polymorphism of adenosine deaminase in the pig: allelic variation in erythrocytes
Authors: Widar J. , Ansay M. , Hanset R. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryWithin the frame of our investigations on genetic variation of pig red cell enzymes, by means of enzymo‐electrophoresis and spectrophotometric measurements, four kinds of adenosine deaminase phenotypic patterns were identified in haemolysates from 542 Belgian Landrace and 502 Pietrain pigs. Segregation data are consistent with the hypothesis that these phenotypes are determined by two codominant alleles ADAA and ADAB and a recessive silent allele ADAO, at an autosomal locus. Differences in gene frequencies between the two breeds are highly significant.