bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationships between mechanical properties of oak timber (Quercus robur L.)
Authors: Muñoz Guillermo Riesco , Gete Andrés Remacha 
Published: February 2011

AbstractRing-porous hardwoods such as oak are in high demand for furniture-making, cooperage, flooring, and construction. However, evaluating the quality of such timber is difficult and time consuming, and simpler tests are required. Models for predicting as many mechanical properties as possible, based on easier-to-determine mechanical tests, may help. In this study, the hardness, modulus of elasticity, bending, compression, and impact bending strength parallel to grain were tested on defect-free laths obtained from a sample of 42 oak trees. The relationships between the variables were investigated. Three models that relate the resistance to axial compression with bending strength and stiffness (R2>0.55; P<0.01) are proposed for defect-free oak timber. Selection of models mainly depended on the bias, which was highly variable among the models tested. The prediction models proposed in the international standard EN 384:2004 for structural dimension timber are not suitable for small clear wood specimens, especially in very elastic woods. The relative independence of hardness and impact bending strength as regards the other mechanical properties is also demonstrated.
Dezentrales autonomes Energiemanagement
Authors: Lehnhoff Sebastian , Krause Olav , Rehtanz Christian 
Published: February 2011

Zusammenfassung
Bislang wird das Lastverschiebepotenzial an einzelnen Anschlüssen in den Verteilnetzen lediglich für einen Abgleich von Erzeugung und Verbrauch in Situationen besonders hohen oder besonders niedrigen Angebots erneuerbarer Energien in Betracht gezogen (z. B. Demand Side Management). Eine koordinierte Regelung über die Anschlüsse bezogener bzw. eingespeister Leistungen lässt sich aber auch für eine effizientere Auslastung bestehender Netze und zum Einhalten von Betriebsgrenzen heranziehen, da mit einer solchen Regelung direkt Einfluss auf Leitungsströme oder Spannungsniveaus ausgeübt werden kann.
Distanzschutzalgorithmen zur Detektion des Schaltlichtbogens
Authors: Meyer Jörg , Schegner Peter , Anheuser Michael 
Published: February 2011

Zusammenfassung
Distanzschutzalgorithmen konventioneller Distanzschutzgeräte berechnen mit diskret abgetasteten Strom- und Spannungswerten die konstanten Parameter Resistanz und Reaktanz (bzw. Induktivität) einer Messschleife. Ausgehend von derartigen Algorithmen wird ein Verfahren vorgestellt, mit dem auf Basis einer Impedanzmessung der Schaltlichtbogen eines Niederspannungsleistungsschalters erkannt wird. Dieses Verfahren ist Grundlage neuer selektiver Schutzkonzepte in Niederspannungsnetzen.
Production and separation of 97Ru from 7Li activated natural niobium
Authors: Maiti Moumita , Lahiri Susanta 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
The proton rich 97Ru, a potential candidate for nuclear medicine, was produced for the first time through the natNb(7Li,3n)97Ru reaction. A natural Nb foil of 20ߙmg/cm2 thickness was irradiated with 32ߙMeV 7Li beams to attain the yield of ∼1ߙMBq/μAߙh for 97Ru. The no-carrier-added 97Ru was separated from the bulk niobium by liquid–liquid extraction (LLX) and solid–liquid extraction (SLX) techniques. Liquid cation exchanger, di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (HDEHP) dissolved in cyclohexane was used in LLX and solid cation exchanger, DOWEX-50 was used for SLX in HCl. The LLX technique was found to be superior to the SLX technique with respect to radiochemical yield and purity of the radionuclide 97Ru.
Determination of In and Ga in plutonium oxide matrix by ICP-AES after chemical separation
Authors: Adya V. C. , Thulasidas S. K. , Kumar M. , Purohit P. J. , Mohapatra M. , Seshagiri T. K. , Godbole S. V. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
An analytical method was developed for the determination of indium and gallium in plutonium samples. A solvent extraction technique was employed by using 30% TBP in CCl4 for the quantitative separation of plutonium from the sample solution and subsequent determination by radial inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The quantitative recovery of In and Ga in the separated samples was confirmed from radiometric/tracer studies. Recording of spectral profile at 303.396 nm for In and 403.298 nm for Ga has clearly indicated that the determination of Ga and In at lower concentrations will be affected by the presence of significant amounts of residual Pu in the aqueous phase due to spectral interference. These elements can be determined from ppm to % HNO3 and appropriate (100 mg and 1 g) sample size. The analytical range obtained for Ga and In was 0.1–1000 μg/mL and 0.05–500 μg/mL respectively by ICP-AES. Synthetic samples of plutonium containing indium and gallium in the range of 50–20000 ppm were analyzed.
Oscillations of a Hanging Liquid Drop, Driven by Interfacial Dielectric Force
Authors: Tankovsky Nikolay , Zografov Nikolay 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Experimental technique is proposed to excite oscillations of a hanging liquid droplet by applying interfacial dielectric force directly upon the droplet surface. The force proved to be applicable for all kinds of liquids and solutions including non-conductive, isolating liquids. The oscillations are detected optically, with the help of a laser beam. The measured resonant frequency modes and resonance half-widths may be used to retrieve information about the surface properties of the droplet (surface tension and surface charge, in particular). The method is applicable to a wide variety of liquids and interfaces. Possible applications are analyzed and discussed.
The Potential Benefit of Radiotherapy with Protons in Head and Neck Cancer with Respect to Normal Tissue Sparing: A Systematic Review of Literature
Authors: Water Tara A. , Bijl Hendrik P. , Schilstra Cornelis , Pijls-Johannesma Madelon , Langendijk Johannes A. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract

Purpose.
Clinical studies concerning head and neck cancer patients treated with protons reporting on radiation-induced side effects are scarce. Therefore, we reviewed the literature regarding the potential benefits of protons compared with the currently used photons in terms of lower doses to normal tissue and the potential for fewer subsequent radiation-induced side effects, with the main focus on in silico planning comparative (ISPC) studies.

Materials and Methods.
A literature search was performed by two independent researchers on ISPC studies that included proton-based and photon-based irradiation techniques.

Results.
Initially, 877 papers were retrieved and 14 relevant and eligible ISPC studies were identified and included in this review. Four studies included paranasal sinus cancer cases, three included nasopharyngeal cancer cases, and seven included oropharyngeal, hypopharyngeal, and/or laryngeal cancer cases. Seven studies compared the most sophisticated photon and proton techniques: intensity-modulated photon therapy versus intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT). Four studies compared different proton techniques. All studies showed that protons had a lower normal tissue dose, while keeping similar or better target coverage. Two studies found that these lower doses theoretically translated into a significantly lower incidence of salivary dysfunction.

Conclusion.
The results of ISPC studies indicate that protons have the potential for a significantly lower normal tissue dose, while keeping similar or better target coverage. Scanned IMPT probably offers the most advantage and will allow for a substantially lower probability of radiation-induced side effects. The results of these ISPC studies should be confirmed in properly designed clinical trials.
Vulnerable Populations and the Association between Periodontal and Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Grubbs Vanessa , Plantinga Laura C. , Crews Deidra C. , Bibbins-Domingo Kirsten , Saran Rajiv , Heung Michael , Patel Priti R. , Burrows Nilka Ríos , Ernst Kristina L. , Powe Neil R. 
Published: February 2011

Summary

Background and objectives
Recent studies suggest an overall association between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and periodontal disease, but it is unknown whether this association is similar across various subpopulations.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
This study was a cross-sectional analysis of 2001 to 2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. CKD was defined as a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio ≥30 mg/g or estimated GFR of 15 to 59 ml/min per 1.73 m2. Adjusted odds ratios were calculated using multivariable logistic regression with U.S. population-based weighting.

Results
These analyses included 6199 dentate adult participants (aged 21 to 75 years) with periodontal exams. The estimated prevalences of moderate/severe periodontal disease and CKD were 5.3% and 10.6%, respectively. Periodontal disease was associated with >2-fold higher risk of CKD that was moderately attenuated after adjustment for age, gender, race/ethnicity, tobacco use, hypertension, diabetes, educational attainment, poverty index ratio, and dental care use. There were no statistically significant interactions between periodontal disease and race/ethnicity, educational attainment, or poverty status. Less-than-recommended dental care use was associated with periodontal disease and CKD and was increasingly prevalent among nonwhites, lower educational attainment, and lower poverty status.

Conclusions
The association between periodontal disease and CKD is not significantly different among subgroups. However, because nonwhites, those with a lower educational level, and the poor less frequently report use of recommended dental care, the association between periodontal disease and kidney function over time may become stronger among these groups and warrants further investigation.
Duration of Lactation and Maternal Adipokines at 3 Years Postpartum
Authors: Stuebe Alison M. , Mantzoros Christos , Kleinman Ken , Gillman Matthew W. , Rifas-Shiman Sheryl , Gunderson Erica P. , Rich-Edwards Janet 
Published: February 2011

OBJECTIVE
Lactation has been associated with reduced maternal risk of type 2 diabetes, the metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. We examined the relationship between breastfeeding duration and maternal adipokines at 3 years postpartum.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We used linear regression to relate the duration of lactation to maternal leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin, and peptide YY (PYY) at 3 years postpartum among 570 participants with 3-year postpartum blood samples (178 fasting), prospectively collected lactation history, and no intervening pregnancy in Project Viva, a cohort study of mothers and children.

RESULTS
A total of 88% of mothers had initiated breastfeeding, 26% had breastfed ≥12 months, and 42% had exclusively breastfed for ≥3 months. In multivariate analyses, we found that duration of total breastfeeding was directly related to PYY and ghrelin, and exclusive breastfeeding duration was directly related to ghrelin (predicted mean for never exclusively breastfeeding: 790.6 pg/mL vs. ≥6 months of exclusive breastfeeding: 1,008.1 pg/mL; P &lt; 0.01) at 3 years postpartum, adjusting for pregravid BMI, gestational weight gain, family history of diabetes, parity, smoking status, and age. We found a nonlinear pattern of association between exclusive breastfeeding duration and adiponectin in multivariate-adjusted models.

CONCLUSIONS
In this prospective cohort study, we found a direct relationship between the duration of lactation and both ghrelin and PYY at 3 years postpartum.
Prevalence of Depression in Individuals With Impaired Glucose Metabolism or Undiagnosed Diabetes
Authors: Nouwen Arie , Nefs Giesje , Caramlau Isabela , Connock Martin , Winkley Kirsty , Lloyd Cathy E. , Peyrot Mark , Pouwer François ,   for the European Depression in Diabetes (EDID) Research Consortium
Published: February 2011

OBJECTIVEMeta-analyses have shown that the risk for depression is elevated in type 2 diabetes. Whether this risk in individuals with impaired glucose metabolism (IGM) or undiagnosed diabetes (UDD) is elevated relative to normal glucose metabolism (NGM) or decreased relative to previously diagnosed type 2 diabetes (PDD) has not been the subject of a systematic review/meta-analysis. This study examined the prevalence of depression in IGM and UDD subjects relative to each other and to NGM and PDD subjects by reviewing the literature and conducting a meta-analysis of studies on this topic.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSEMBASE and MEDLINE databases were searched for articles published up to May 2010. All studies that compared the prevalence of depression in subjects with IGM and UDD were included. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using fixed and random-effects models.RESULTSThe meta-analysis showed that the risk for depression was not increased in IGM versus NGM subjects (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.85–1.08). Risk for depression did not differ between individuals with UDD and individuals with either NGM (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.71–1.25) or IGM (OR 1.16, 95% CI 0.88–1.54). Finally, individuals with IGM or UDD both had a significantly lower risk of depression than individuals with PDD (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.48–0.73, and OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.45–0.74, respectively).CONCLUSIONSResults of this meta-analysis show that the risk of depression is similar for NGM, IGM, and UDD subjects. PDD subjects have an increased risk of depression relative to IGM and UDD subjects.
The activity of thyme essential oil against Acinetobacter spp.
Authors: Łysakowska Monika , Denys Andrzej , Sienkiewicz Monika 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate the antimicrobial properties of thyme essential oil against clinical multiresistant strains of Acinetobacter spp. The antibacterial activity of oil was tested against standard and clinical bacterial strains of Acinetobacter genus. The agar diffusion method was used to check the inhibition of microbial growth at various concentrations of the oil from Thymus vulgaris. Susceptibility testing to antibiotics and chemotherapeutics was prepared using the disc-diffusion method. Identification of bacterial strains was carried out with the Vitek system and confirmed by PCR for Acinetobacter baumanii gyrB gene. The results of experiments showed that the oil from T. vulgaris exhibited an extremely strong activity against all of the clinical strains of Acinetobacter. Thyme oil demonstrated a very good efficacy against multiresistant strains of tested bacteria. Essential oils seems to be an excellent alternative for synthetic preparations and that is reason for an extensive assessment of their antimicrobial activity.
Subjective Well-Being in Schizophrenia as Measured with the Subjective Well-Being Under Neuroleptic Treatment Scale: A Review
Authors: Vothknecht Sylke , Schoevers Robert A. , de Haan Lieuwe 
Published: February 2011

Objective: The Subjective Well-being under Neuroleptic Treatment scale (SWN) is the most widely used self-rating scale in recent research of subjective well-being in schizophrenia. We reviewed all available publications on relevant research of subjective well-being using the SWN, in order to evaluate measurement of subjective well-being with a single instrument. Method: A MEDLINE and Embase search was performed for studies published between January 1994 and August 2010, analysing controlled and open clinical trials using the SWN. Results: A total of 52 publications were identified covering 44 studies. Strong evidence exists for improvement of subjective well-being during treatment. Atypical antipsychotics are associated with a higher level of well-being. However, dosage is more important than the kind of medication. Striatal dopamine D2 receptor occupancy is correlated with subjective well-being. Early positive response of subjective well-being is predictive of a better outcome. Research on determinants of subjective well-being is rapidly expanding, focusing mostly on the effects of medication. Conclusions: Subjective well-being of schizophrenia patients is a valuable outcome measure. It can be improved by optimizing antipsychotic treatment. More research on psychological and genetic predictors of subjective well-being is needed.
Relational Memory in First Episode Psychosis: Implications for Progressive Hippocampal Dysfunction After Illness Onset
Authors: Bartholomeusz Cali F. , Proffitt Tina M. , Savage Greg , Simpson Leonie , Markulev Connie , Kerr Melissa , McConchie Mirabel , McGorry Patrick D. , Pantelis Christos , Berger Gregor E. , Wood Stephen J. 
Published: February 2011

Objective: Verbal episodic memory deficits are prominent in schizophrenia and have also been found in first episode psychosis (FEP) and individuals at clinical risk of the disorder. The central role of the hippocampus in verbal memory processing and the consistent findings of hippocampal volume reductions in chronic patients have prompted the suggestion that impaired verbal memory performance may be a biomarker of schizophrenia. However, it is currently unclear as to when, during the early phase of psychosis, verbal memory performance becomes significantly impaired. The current study investigated verbal relational memory in FEP using a novel verbal paired associate task, and tested whether performance was dependent on phase of illness within FEP, where patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia were considered to be in a more advanced stage than those with schizophreniform disorder. Method: Forty-seven currently psychotic FEP patients and 36 healthy non-psychiatric controls, aged 15–25 years old, completed a test comprising four trials of learning and cued recall of word pairs (denoted AB pairs), an interference phase comprising two trials with new second words (AC pairs), and finally cued recall for the original AB pairings. Results: FEP patients performed similarly to controls on the relational memory task. There was no difference in performance between FEP patients who had a diagnosis of schizophrenia and those with a diagnosis of schizophreniform disorder. Conclusions: Verbal relational memory appears to be intact in FEP. This finding, along with chronic patient literature, suggests that decline in hippocampal and medial temporal lobe functioning occurs during later illness stages. Further research is needed to aid in the development of intervention strategies that may prevent decline in such cognitive domains at this crucial early stage of the illness.
Strategies Aimed at Preventing Chronic Post-surgical Pain: Comprehensive Perioperative Pain Management after Total Joint Replacement Surgery
Authors: Clarke Hance , Woodhouse Linda J. , Kennedy Deborah , Stratford Paul , Katz Joel 
Published: February 2011

Purpose: Chronic post-surgical pain (CPSP) is a frequent outcome of musculoskeletal surgery. Physiotherapists often treat patients with pain before and after musculoskeletal surgery. The purposes of this paper are (1) to raise awareness of the nature, mechanisms, and significance of CPSP; and (2) to highlight the necessity for an inter-professional team to understand and address its complexity. Using total joint replacement surgeries as a model, we provide a review of pain mechanisms and pain management strategies.Summary of Key Points: By understanding the mechanisms by which pain alters the body's normal physiological responses to surgery, clinicians selectively target pain in post-surgical patients through the use of multi-modal management strategies. Clinicians should not assume that patients receiving multiple medications have a problem with pain. Rather, the modern-day approach is to manage pain using preventive strategies, with the aims of reducing the intensity of acute postoperative pain and minimizing the development of CPSP.Conclusions: The roles of biological, surgical, psychosocial, and patient-related risk factors in the transition to pain chronicity require further investigation if we are to better understand their relationships with pain. Measuring pain intensity and analgesic use is not sufficient. Proper evaluation and management of risk factors for CPSP require inter-professional teams to characterize a patient's experience of postoperative pain and to examine pain arising during functional activities.
Study of the cervical plexus innervation of the trapezius muscle
Authors: Tubbs R. Shane , Shoja Mohammadali M. , Loukas Marios , Lancaster Jeffrey , Mortazavi Martin M. , Hattab Eyas M. , Cohen-Gadol Aaron A. 
Published: February 2011

Object
There is conflicting and often anecdotal evidence regarding the potential motor innervation of the trapezius muscle by cervical nerves, with most authors attributing such fibers to proprioception. As knowledge of such potential motor innervations may prove useful to the neurosurgeon, the present study aimed to elucidate this anatomy further.

Methods
Fifteen adult cadavers (30 sides) underwent dissection of the posterior triangle of the neck and harvesting of cervical nerve fibers found to enter the trapezius muscle. Random fibers were evaluated histologically to determine fiber type (that is, motor vs sensory axons).

Results
In addition to an innervation from the spinal accessory nerve, the authors also identified cervical nerve innervations of all trapezius muscles. For these innervations, 3 sides were found to have fibers derived from C-2 to C-4, 2 sides had fibers derived from C-2 to C-3, and 25 sides had fibers derived from C-3 to C-4. Fibers derived from C-2 to C-4 were classified as a Type I innervation, those from C-2 to C-3 were classified as a Type II innervation, and those from C-3 to C-4 were classified as a Type III innervation. Immunohistochemical analysis of fibers from each of these types confirmed the presence of motor axons.

Conclusions
Based on the authors' study, cervical nerves innervate the trapezius muscle with motor fibers. These findings support surgical and clinical experiences in which partial or complete trapezius function is maintained after injury to the spinal accessory nerve. The degree to which these nerves innervate this muscle, however, necessitates further study. Such information may be useful following nerve transfer procedures, denervation techniques for cervical dystonia, or sacrifice of the spinal accessory nerve due to pathological entities.
Résister à la société de la norme et de l'évaluation
Authors: Del Volgo Marie-José , Gori Roland 
Published: February 2011

Resisting a society of norms and assessment Dans un contexte de rationalisation économique et comptable, on assiste aujourd’hui à une véritable crise des valeurs des professionnels. Face à de telles mutations anthropologiques quelles sont les possibilités aujourd’hui d’exercer nos métiers, comme ceux de l’éducation, du soin, de la recherche, du travail social, de la culture, de la justice ? Un discours de compétition et d’excellence est tenu plus que jamais dans les lieux décisionnaires et se trouve adossé à des pratiques de l’évaluation constituant de nouveaux dispositifs de servitude volontaire. La souffrance au travail est le nom des effets de ces pratiques. La résistance à cette casse des pratiques professionnelles consiste en premier lieu à analyser et à déconstruire le fonctionnement de ces dispositifs de normalisation et à nous engager dans une culture des métiers, de leur éthique et de leur finalité spécifique tout en créant de nouvelles solidarités.