bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Parting of Being: On Creation and Sharing in Nancy’s Political Ontology
Authors: Brogan Walter 
Published: October 2010

AbstractI expose facets of Nancy’s notion of being singular plural. Nancy’s political ontology overcomes the metaphysical dualism of theory and practice by thinking the space of the between as primary. Nancy’s treatment of the event of creation and the presence of the divine rethink meta-physical notions of origin and God in a way that emphasizes the parting of unity and the plurality of the world. Nancy thinks the everyday and the existential together by affirming the importance of curiosity and wonder in the face of what is. Nancy offers an ontology of space (being-with) that uncovers what it means to be in touch as a way of being.
The Exposure of Grace: Dimensionality in Late Heidegger
Authors: Mitchell Andrew J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractHeidegger’s reflections on grace culminate in the years 1949-54 where grace names a figure for the ineluctable exposure of existence. Heidegger rethinks the relationship between what exists and the world in which it is found as one that is always open to grace. For Heidegger, this world is what he terms the “dimension” between earth and sky. The relationship is only possible where existence is no longer construed as a self-contained presence but instead is thought as something between presence and absence. In this essay, Heidegger’s references to grace in five contexts are considered: the 1949 Bremen lectures, the 1951 essay “... Poetically Dwells Man...,” the 1953 “Dialogue on Language,” the 1951 lecture on “Language,” and the 1954 speech at his nephew’s ordination.
The Art of Truth
Authors: Schufreider Gregory 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn The Truth in Painting, Derrida insists that Heidegger’s treatment of “a famous picture by Van Gogh” marks “a moment of pathetic collapse.” While we would agree, we would insist that this example does not render Heidegger’s entire philosophy of art suspect. Instead, if his reading of Van Gogh’s painting is “derisory and symptomatic,” it is nonetheless “significant,” if only insofar as it provides an indication of Heidegger’s underestimation of the plastic arts in favor of the elevation of poetry—an underestimation that may be corrected in light of what we might regard as his true philosophy of art. Our aim, then, is to see (with some help from Derrida) what Heidegger could have seen in looking at Van Gogh’s Old Shoes were the work not reduced to an illustration in a presentation whose destination is poetry, not painting. What, in other words, would Van Gogh’s painting look like were we to view it in light of “The Origin of the Work of Art,” assuming that the latter does not require insistence on the priority of linguistic work but on the creation of a truth that belongs to the Earth, in the case in point, as the ground of painting?
The Primacy of Disruption in Levinas’ Account of Transcendence
Authors: Sealey Kris 
Published: October 2010

AbstractI present ‘disruption’ as what is most fundamental to Levinas’ account of transcendence. I argue that one should read his treatment of the Other as a modulation of transcendence, and prioritize the structures of positionality and solitude as the conditions that make transcendence possible. Hence, Being is transcended insofar as these structures have ‘always already’ articulated the rupturing of the subject, which, for Levinas, constitutes her transcending. Included in my argument is a critique of reading Levinas’ project as undermining the fundamentally solitary nature of human existence because of his focus on alterity. Such a reading reduces Levinas’ account of alterity, instead of maintaining its signification as that which is ‘never there.’ It is the solitary existent who is vulnerable before an ‘already gone by’ alterity, such that her subjectivity is radically disrupted. For Levinas, an encounter with alterity is the agony of finding no one, or having nowhere, from which I can be granted wholeness or justification. It follows that transcendence is fundamentally concretized in a positioned solitude, and not in some inter-subjective space.
The Originary Wherein: Heidegger and Nishida on “the Sacred” and “the Religious”
Authors: Krummel John W. M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn this paper, I explore a possible convergence between two great twentieth century thinkers, Nishida Kitarō of Japan and Martin Heidegger of Germany. The focus is on the quasi-religious language they employ in discussing the grounding of human existence in terms of an encompassing Wherein for our being. Heidegger speaks of “the sacred” and “the passing of the last god” that mark an empty clearing wherein all metaphysical absolutes or gods have withdrawn but are simultaneously indicative of an opening wherein beings are given. Nishida speaks of “the religious” dimension in the depths of one’s being, that he calls “place,” and that somehow envelops the world through its kenotic self-negation. In both we find reference to a kind of originary space—the open or place—associated with quasireligious themes. I also point to their distinct approaches to metaphysical language in their attempts to give voice to that abysmal thought.
The Content and Meaning of the Transition from the Theory of Relations in Philosophy of Arithmetic to the Mereology of the Third Logical Investigation
Authors: Vassiliou Fotini 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn the third Logical Investigation Husserl presents an integrated theory of wholes and parts based on the notions of dependency, foundation (Fundierung), and aprioricity. Careful examination of the literature reveals misconceptions regarding the meaning and scope of the central axis of this theory, especially with respect to its proper context within the development of Husserl’s thought. The present paper will establish this context and in the process correct a number of these misconceptions. The presentation of mereology in the Logical Investigations will be shown to originate largely from Husserl’s implicit self-criticism of his prior views on the unity of a whole presented in his first work, Philosophy of Arithmetic.
Strategies for Closing the Educational Gaps among Palestinian Couples in Israel
Authors: Azaiza Faisal , Abu-Baker Khawla 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis study deals with attitudes and mechanisms among Palestinian couples who have been married a long time and have educational gaps between husband and wife. Thirty-three couples—married for at least 20 years, and at the time of their marriage the difference in their educational levels was at least six years or two academic degrees—were chosen from the three religious groups (19 Muslim couples, 10 Christian couples and 4 Druze couples). The methodology was qualitative, and in-depth interview was conducted with each participant. The study’s findings indicate that educational compatibility between husband and wife was not a determining factor for men in choosing their future wives. Men who are more educated than their wives do not invest in women’s education, while women make the upgrading of their husbands’ education their major marital project. This study shows that patriarchal values in Arab families supersede other modernizing factors such as education or occupation of women.
Epistemic Authority of Women in the Medieval Middle East
Authors: Ragab Ahmed 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe article is formed of two parts. In the first part, it addresses a methodological concern related to the usage of Muslim religious texts as sources for analyzing the history of women in the Middle East. In the second part, the article engages the epistemic authority of women in the medieval Middle East through the analysis of the way such authority was constructed in bibliographical dictionaries and necrologies. The article argues that women enjoyed circumstantial epistemic authority and that the legitimization of this authority usually involved a complicated socio-cultural process involving the presence of qualifying reasons and corroborating empirical evidence.
How do Qatari Females Make it to the Top? An Examination of the Organizational Constraints to their Advancement
Authors: Al Muftah Hend Abdalrahman 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAlthough Qatari females have increased their economic participation and reached remarkable educational attainment over the last decade, this has not been paralleled with good representation at management position. Accordingly, this study was initiated with the aim to identify the main organizational constrains encountered by Qatari females throughout their careers. The study revealed that Qatari females are still very lowly representated at senior management levels although they have made good progress at medium and lower levels of management. It is also indicated that no current discrimination is made against Qatari females in terms of selection and recruiting, working hours, training, engagement in critical projects and compensation. However, the study reported that promoting Qatari females is still at low pace. Gender-specific as females’ family commitments was reported as the main constrain to their promotion from the males’ perspective and gender-difference as uncertainty of real increased responsibilities and authorities level were the main constraint to females’ promotion from the females’ perspective. The study ends by recommending, on the absence of major organizational discrimination, that greater inclusiveness of Qatari females in decision-making positions and greater accountability of organization to advance females should be considered critically in order to ensure the ease advancement of Qatari females to the top.
Preparing for the Women of the Future: Literacy and Development in the Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Yusuf Issan Salha Abdullah 
Published: October 2010

AbstractHuman resources play a key role in socio-economic growth and development in any society. Over the past forty years, research into various educational indicators particularly adult literacy rates and population enrollment in higher education institutions, indicate significant progress made towards gender equality in Oman. Omani women have shown remarkable attainment in entrance examinations at higher educational institutions, and they have also achieved noteworthy academic performance in their respectable fields of study. Although, women have had greater success in their educational achievements, this is not reflected in their participation in the labour market.The purpose of this essay is to analyze Oman’s educational reform, its successes and challenges, relative to the overall development objectives of the country, with particular emphasis on the female population as actors in/beneficiaries of the reform.
Catholic Treason Trials in Elizabethan England. Complexities and Ambiguities in the Stage Management of a Public Show: The Case of William Parry
Authors: Danou Photini 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis article discusses complexities and ambiguities that arose during the proceedings of a Catholic treason trial. The analysis proceeds by way of a case study of the trial of William Parry who was one of Lord Burghley’s spies. Despite having confessed plotting to assassinate Queen Elizabeth, during his performance in his trial Parry decided to change his story and retract his putatively voluntary confession. Based on Parry’s trial records this essay draws attention to the contesting discourses of patriotism and treason that were produced during the court procedures, suggesting that treason trials in Elizabethan England could not always be conducted safely nor controlled so as to produce the desired propaganda for the crown. The mise en scene by the authorities of a public show trial was one thing; its actual administration, quite another. Punishers and defendants interacted in the communicative space of the trial and through that interaction there emerged a multiplicity of possibilities, of interpretations and appropriations, of meanings and understandings.
Across Europe: Educational Travelling of German Noblemen in a Comparative Perspective
Authors: Leibetseder Mathis 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn recent years, cultural historians interested in the Grand Tour have written divided histories focusing on travelers from one particular nation or region. Drawing from what these researchers report on educational traveling as well as from primary sources, it is now possible to put the Grand Tour into a European perspective. As to travelers from Germany, there is a wide scope of source material at hand, comprising funeral sermons, university rolls, travelogues, travel accounts, and correspondence. As a comparative perspective clearly reveals, educational travelling was vital in shaping the identity of gentlemanly travelers. Though starting out as a transnational social practice common to most aristocrats from northern and eastern Europe and to a lesser degree also to the nobilities from Romance countries, it contributed to sharpen notions of “the own” and “the other” towards the end of the Early Modern Period.
Between Chimera and Charybdis: Byzantine and Post-Byzantine Views on the Political Organization of the Italian City-States
Authors: Syros Vasileios 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis article offers a detailed investigation of Byzantine and post-Byzantine perceptions of the political organization of the Italian city-states. Drawing on philosophical and historical writing produced by Byzantine and post-Byzantine authors between the thirteenth and seventeenth centuries, it identifies the main patterns and motifs that informed Byzantine discourse about the constitutional arrangements of such Italian cities as Genoa, Venice, Florence, and Milan. It shows how these come into play in the writings of major figures of Byzantine and post-Byzantine intellectual life such as Theodoros Metochites, John Kantakouzenos, Nikephoros Gregoras, George of Trebizond, Cardinal Bessarion, Laonikos Chalkokondyles, and John Kottunios. It also explores the ways in which the classical legacy of political thought was applied by Byzantine writers in their analysis of various constitutional forms. The findings of this survey provide new insights into cross-cultural exchanges between the Byzantine world and medieval and early modern Europe and the formation of Byzantine identity.
Regional Differences in South American Monsoon Precipitation Inferred from the Growth and Isotopic Composition of Tropical Trees*
Authors: Ballantyne A. P. , Baker P. A. , Chambers J. Q. , Villalba R. , Argollo J. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
The authors present results on the relationship between tree-ring proxies and regional precipitation for several sites in tropical South America. The responsiveness of oxygen isotopes (δ18O) and seasonal growth as precipitation proxies was first validated by high-resolution sampling of a Tachigali myrmecophila from Manaus, Brazil (3.1°S, 60.0°W). Monthly growth of Tachigali spp. was significantly correlated with monthly precipitation. Intra-annual measurements of cellulose δ18O in Tachigali spp. were also significantly correlated with monthly precipitation at a lag of approximately one month. The annual ring widths of two tropical tree taxa, Cedrela odorata growing in the Amazon (12.6°S, 69.2°W) and Polylepis tarapacana growing in the Altiplano (22.0°S, 66.0°W), were validated using bomb-derived radiocarbon 14C. Estimated dates were within two to three years of bomb-inferred 14C dates, indicating that these species exhibit annual rings but uncertainties in our chronologies remain. A multiproxy record spanning 180 years from Cedrela spp. showed a significant negative relationship between cellulose δ18O and January precipitation. A 150-yr record obtained from Polylepis spp. also showed a significant negative relationship between δ18O and March precipitation, whereas annual ring width showed a significant positive correlation with December precipitation. These proxies were combined in a multivariate framework to reconstruct past precipitation, revealing a significant increase in monsoon precipitation at the Amazon site since 1890 and a significant decrease in monsoon precipitation at the Altiplano since 1880. Proxy time series also showed spatial and temporal coherence with precipitation variability due to El Niño forcing, suggesting that oxygen isotopes and ring widths in tropical trees may be important diagnostics for identifying regional differences in the response of the tropical hydrologic cycle to anthropogenic warming.
Winter Circulation Anomalies in the Western United States Associated with Antecedent and Decadal ENSO Variability
Authors: Brown David P. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Previous research has shown that the impacts of ENSO variability on the winter climate of the western United States vary on decadal time scales. In this study, the relationship between fall season ENSO conditions and winter circulation anomalies over the western United States is shown to vary with phasing of the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO). During the PDO cold phase of 1948–76, the majority of fall season El Niño events did not precede winter troughing anomalies over the southwestern states that are typically associated with above-normal winter precipitation in this region. In contrast, during the PDO warm phase of 1977–98, fall season El Niño conditions did precede southwestern winter troughing anomalies in all but one instance. Fall season La Niña conditions during both the cold and warm phases of the PDO reliably preceded winter season high pressure ridging centered off the Pacific coast. These results highlight uncertainty on decadal time scales surrounding the use of fall ENSO conditions, particularly El Niño events, as a seasonal climate forecast tool.
Land-Cover and Surface Water Change Drive Large Albedo Increases in South America*
Authors: Loarie Scott R. , Lobell David B. , Asner Gregory P. , Field Christopher B. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Albedo is an important factor affecting global climate, but uncertainty in the sources and magnitudes of albedo change has led to simplistic treatments of albedo in climate models. Here, the authors examine nine years (2000–08) of historical 1-km Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) albedo estimates across South America to advance understanding of the magnitude and sources of large-scale albedo changes. The authors use the magnitude of albedo change from the arc of deforestation along the southeastern edge of the Brazilian Amazon (+2.8%) as a benchmark for comparison. Large albedo increases (&gt;+2.8%) were 2.2 times more prevalent than similar decreases throughout South America. Changes in surface water drove most large albedo changes that were not caused by vegetative cover change. Decreased surface water in the Santa Fe and Buenos Aires regions of Argentina was responsible for albedo increases exceeding that of the arc of deforestation in magnitude and extent. Although variations in the natural flooding regimes were likely the dominant mechanism driving changes in surface water, it is possible that human manipulations through dams and other agriculture infrastructure contributed. This study demonstrates the substantial role that land-cover and surface water change can play in continental-scale albedo trends and suggests ways to better incorporate these processes into global climate models.
On the Hydrologic Adjustment of Climate-Model Projections: The Potential Pitfall of Potential Evapotranspiration
Authors: Milly P. C. D. , Dunne Krista A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractHydrologic models often are applied to adjust projections of hydroclimatic change that come from climate models. Such adjustment includes climate-bias correction, spatial refinement (“downscaling”), and consideration of the roles of hydrologic processes that were neglected in the climate model. Described herein is a quantitative analysis of the effects of hydrologic adjustment on the projections of runoff change associated with projected twenty-first-century climate change. In a case study including three climate models and 10 river basins in the contiguous United States, the authors find that relative (i.e., fractional or percentage) runoff change computed with hydrologic adjustment more often than not was less positive (or, equivalently, more negative) than what was projected by the climate models. The dominant contributor to this decrease in runoff was a ubiquitous change in runoff (median −11%) caused by the hydrologic model’s apparent amplification of the climate-model-implied growth in potential evapotranspiration. Analysis suggests that the hydrologic model, on the basis of the empirical, temperature-based modified Jensen–Haise formula, calculates a change in potential evapotranspiration that is typically 3 times the change implied by the climate models, which explicitly track surface energy budgets. In comparison with the amplification of potential evapotranspiration, central tendencies of other contributions from hydrologic adjustment (spatial refinement, climate-bias adjustment, and process refinement) were relatively small. The authors’ findings highlight the need for caution when projecting changes in potential evapotranspiration for use in hydrologic models or drought indices to evaluate climate-change impacts on water.
Influence of the South Atlantic Ocean Dipole on West African Summer Precipitation
Authors: Nnamchi Hyacinth C. , Li Jianping 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
This paper demonstrates a causal link between the air–sea phenomenon referred to as the South Atlantic Ocean (SAO) dipole (SAOD) and the interannual variability of precipitation over West Africa during the boreal summer monsoon rainy season in which most of the annual rainfall is recorded using an array of observational datasets. Analyses show that positive precipitation anomalies exceeding 40 mm month−1 over most locations at the Guinea Coast are associated with the positive phase of the SAOD, which is characterized by warm sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) in the northeastern part of the SAO or the northeast pole (NEP)—that is, the Atlantic Niño sector—and cool SSTA in the southwestern part [southwest pole (SWP)] off the Argentina–Uruguay–Brazil coast. On the other hand, interannual variability in the Sahel is closely connected to the West African summer monsoon and the Atlantic Niño.
The results of this study reveal that the well-known influence of the Atlantic Niño on Guinea Coast precipitation in the literature represents only a component of the ocean–atmosphere interactions in the SAO causing the precipitation anomalies. Indeed, correlation and composite analyses using Guinea Coast precipitation indices consistently yield significant links to both the NEP and SWP centers of action. The hypothesized physical mechanism through which the SAOD-type SST gradients could induce Guinea Coast precipitation anomalies is the Lindzen–Nigam process. During the positive phase of the SAOD, the imprint of SST gradients gives rise to divergence over the SWP linked to convergence and vigorous upward motion over the NEP thereby leading to enhancement of precipitation over the Guinea Coast.