bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orientation to a New Book: More Than a Picture Walk
Authors: Briggs Connie , Forbes Salli 
Published: April 2009

This article provides information to support teacher practice of providing thoughtful, individually crafted, book orientations. Supporting emergent and struggling readers to access meaning, structure, and visual information keeps reading work easy, yet provides opportunities for problem solving that allows engagement in independent and successful processing behaviors.توفّر هذه المقالة معلومات لتدعيم ممارسة المعلمين في تقديم مناهج كتابية ذات التفكير العميق والخلق المبدع الشخصي. ويجعل تدعيم القراء المنبثقين والمواجهين صعوبات في القراءة لوجود وسيلة إلى المعنى والتركيب والمعلومات البصرية عملية القراءة مسألة سهلة بل يوفّر فرصاً لإيجاد حل للمشاكل الأمر الذي يسمح بالانشغال في التصرفات المعالجة المستقلة والناجحة.本文是有关支援教师实践为学生提供富有思想性和为个别而设的阅书指导方法。支援萌发期和有困难的阅读者，帮助他们领略书中的意义、结构和视觉信息，能使他们的阅读变得容易，又能为他们提供机会解决问题，让他们投入独立和成功的信息处理学习。Cet article apporte une information pour aider la pratique des enseignants à s'orienter vers des livres pleins d'idées et illustrés personnellement. Aider les lecteurs débutants et ceux qui ont des difficultés à accéder au sens, à la structure, et à l'information visuelle facilite le travail de lecture, tout en procurant des occasions pour résoudre des problèmes qui permettent de s'engager dans des modalités de traitement autonomes et qui réussissent.Cтатья предлагает информацию, позволяющую учителям вдумчиво, исходя из индивидуальных особенностей и пристрастий детей, формировать и направлять их читательские пристрастия. Поддерживая начинающих читателей или тех, кому чтение дается нелегко, учитель уделяет внимание смыслу и структуре текста, а также визуальной информации, содержащейся в книгах. Это не только облегчает процесс чтения, но и дает юным читателям возможность самостоятельно и успешно размышлять над вопросами, поднятыми автором.La información en este artículo apoya la práctica pedagógica de dar orientaciones cuidadosas e individuales sobre los libros. Apoyar a los lectores emergentes, y los que luchan con la lectura, a encontrar el significado, la estructura, y la información visual hace que la lectura sea más fácil, y les da oportunidades a estos lectores para resolver problemas permitiéndoles así a comportarse de manera independiente y exitosa.
Laughing Through Rereadings: Using Joke Books to Build Fluency
Authors: Ness Molly 
Published: April 2009

The author explores how the use of joke books can promote fluency in young readers. One young girl's fluency improved measurably, and her engagement and motivation to read the particular kind of text involved played a significant role.يستكشف المؤلف الطريقة التي يستطيع فيها استخدام الكتب التي يوجد فيها نكات لتشجيع المرونة القرائية في القراء الصغار وعلى سبيل المثال تحسنت مرونة بنت في القراءة تحسناً ملحوظاً وبالإضافة إلى ذلك لعب انشغالها وحافزها في قراءة نوع خاص من النصوص دوراً مهماً.本文作者探讨如何利用笑话书提升年轻阅读者的阅读流畅程度。一名小女孩的阅读流畅程度得到显著的改进，而她对阅读笑话这种文本的投入与学习兴趣扮演了重要角色。L'auteur explore comment l'utilisation de livres de blagues peut favoriser la fluidité chez de jeunes lecteurs. La fluidité d'une jeune lectrice s'est développée de façon mesurable, et son investissement et sa motivation pour lire ce type particulier de texte a joué un rôle significatif.На примере работы с ученицей младшего возраста автор исследует, как использование книг с шутками и анекдотами может стимулировать учащихся начальной школы к овладению навыками беглого чтения. Девочка стала не только бегло читать, но и участвовать в уроке с большим вниманием и интересом, что в немалой степени объясняется характером предлагавшихся для чтения текстов.El autor explora cómo el uso de libros de chistes puede ayudar la fluidez de lectores jóvenes. La fluidez de una niña mejoró de forma cuantificable, y su interés y motivación por la lectura de estos textos tuvieron un papel importante en dicho mejoramiento.
Ensuring Accommodations Used in Content Assessments Are Responsive to English‐Language Learners
Authors: Willner Lynn Shafer , Rivera Charlene , Acosta Barbara D. 
Published: April 2009

This column offers an overview of the requirements for including and accommodating English‐language learners (ELLs) in content assessments and an explanation of how accommodations for ELLs work. It concludes with recommendations drawn from research and practice to ensure accommodations are assigned and implemented in ways that are likely to appropriately support ELLs during testing.ملخص البحث: يقدم هذا العمود خلاصة المتطلبات لتضمين دارسي اللغة الإنكليزية وتكييفهم في اختبارات المحتوى وشرحاً بالطريقة التي تعمل من خلالها المكيفات لدارسي اللغة الإنكليزية. وينتهي العمود باقراحات مأخوذة من الأبحاث والممارسات ليكفل تكلف المكيفات وتتنفذها في الطرق التي من الأرجح أن تدعم دارسي اللغة الإنكليزية في الامتحان بشكل فعال.本专栏概述在学科评话中包括英语英语学习者和为他们作调适的需要，并解释这些调适如何运作。本专栏以研究与实践所得的建议作为结语，以确保并解释这些调适的应用与实施的方式，如何能在测试中给予英语语言学习者恰当的支援。Cette rubrique présente une vue d'ensemble de ce qui est nécessaire pour inclure et adapter à des élèves d'anglais langue seconde des évaluations de disciplines, et une explication de l'adaptation des dispositifs destinés au travail des élèves d'anglais langue seconde. Elle conclut par des recommandations tirées de la recherche et de la pratique de façon à ce que les adaptations soient apportées et mises en ouvre de sorte à faciliter la passation des tests par des élèves d'anglais langue seconde.В этом выпуске рубрики приводится краткий обзор и обоснование требований, которые необходимо соблюдать, чтобы учащиеся, для которых английский язык не является родным (ELLs), могли участвовать в проверке знаний в различных предметных областях. Также предлагаются научно обоснованные и апробированные рекомендации, выполнение которых гарантирует оптимальную поддержку иноязычных школьников во время тестирования.Esta columna da una visión general de los requisitos para incluir y acomodar a los aprendices de inglés (ELLs) en las evaluaciones de contenido y una explicación de cómo funcionan las acomodaciones para los ELLs. Termina con recomendaciones sacadas de estudios y de la práctica para asegurar que las acomodaciones son asignadas e implementadas de tal manera que den el apoyo apropiado a los ELLs siendo examinados.
Clinical Features of Early Periodontitis
Authors: López Rodrigo , Frydenberg Morten , Baelum Vibeke 
Published: April 2009

Background: Most of the evidence on periodontitis in young individuals originates in case series or case‐control studies of poor quality. We investigated the intraoral distribution of clinical attachment level (CAL) and probing depth (PD) and the associations between the oral hygiene parameters and the signs of periodontitis (CAL and PD) in adolescents.Methods: This study consisted of 87 cases presenting with CAL ≥3 mm in at least two of the 16 teeth recorded and 73 non‐cases who did not fulfill this inclusion criterion, nested in a fully enumerated adolescent population, who were screened for signs of periodontitis. The 160 subjects were reexamined by a single trained and calibrated periodontist. The intraoral patterns of periodontal destruction were described graphically.Results: Cases had more supragingival plaque, more supragingival calculus, and more bleeding on probing than non‐cases. The intraoral patterns of periodontal destruction were similar in cases and non‐cases. The site‐specific associations between the putative determinants supragingival plaque, supragingival calculus, and bleeding on probing and the signs of periodontal destruction were highly positive.Conclusion: The results of this study lend little support to the notion that a particular intraoral pattern of breakdown is specific to young cases of severe periodontitis, nor do the results support the view that destruction is incommensurate with oral hygiene parameters.
Periodontal Therapy Reduces Plasma Levels of Interleukin‐6, C‐Reactive Protein, and Fibrinogen in Patients With Severe Periodontitis and Refractory Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Vidal Fábio , Figueredo Carlos Marcelo S. , Cordovil Ivan , Fischer Ricardo G. 
Published: April 2009

Background: Recent epidemiologic studies suggest that inflammation is the link between periodontal diseases and cardiovascular complications. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of non‐surgical periodontal treatment on plasma levels of inflammatory markers (interleukin [IL]‐6, C‐reactive protein [CRP], and fibrinogen) in patients with severe periodontitis and refractory arterial hypertension.Methods: Twenty‐two patients were examined and randomly divided into two groups. The test group was composed of 11 patients (mean age, 48.9 ± 3.9 years) who received periodontal treatment, whereas the control group had 11 patients (mean age, 49.7 ± 6.0 years) whose treatment was delayed for 3 months. Demographic and clinical periodontal data were collected, and blood tests were performed to measure the levels of IL‐6, CRP, and fibrinogen at baseline and 3 months later.Results: The clinical results showed that the mean percentages of sites with bleeding on probing, probing depth (PD) 4 to 5 mm, PD ≥6 mm, clinical attachment loss (CAL) 4 to 5 mm, and CAL ≥6 mm were significantly reduced in the test group 3 months after periodontal treatment. There were no significant differences between the data at baseline and 3 months in the control group. Periodontal treatment significantly reduced the blood levels of fibrinogen, CRP, and IL‐6 in the test group.Conclusion: Non‐surgical periodontal therapy was effective in improving periodontal clinical data and in reducing the plasma levels of IL‐6, CRP, and fibrinogen in hypertensive patients with severe periodontitis.
Expression Profile of Human Gingival Fibroblasts Induced by Interleukin‐1β Reveals Central Role of Nuclear Factor‐Kappa B in Stabilizing Human Gingival Fibroblasts During Inflammation
Authors: Vardar‐Sengul Saynur , Arora Shilpi , Baylas Haluk , Mercola Dan 
Published: April 2009

Background: Interleukin (IL)‐1β is a key cytokine in the pathogenesis of periodontitis, and it induces inflammatory mediators in periodontal diseases. We developed immortalized human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs), investigated the effects of IL‐1β on the gene expression using expression arrays containing ∼40,000 genes, and tested the role of nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) in maintaining an activated HGF population.Methods: Total RNA was isolated from IL‐1β–induced and mock‐induced control cells. Gene expression analyses were performed using expression arrays and confirmed by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Western blot analysis to show inhibitor of kappa B‐alpha (IκBα) phosphorylation and immunostaining of cells for NF‐κB nuclear translocation were performed. Apoptosis was confirmed by assay of poly ADP‐ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage.Results: A total of 382 probe sets corresponding to 254 genes were differentially expressed in IL‐1β–induced cells (P <0.001). A total of 215 genes were upregulated, and 39 genes were downregulated. Most notable NF‐κB pathway members (NFκB1, NFκB2, IκBα, IκB∊, IκBζ, REL, RELB, and TA‐NFKBH) were upregulated. IκBα was phosphorylated, and NF‐κB accumulated in the nucleus. An IL‐1β–induced set of 27 genes was downregulated by an NF‐κB inhibitor, leading to a decreased number of viable cells and suggesting an antiapoptotic role for NF‐κB.Conclusions: IL‐1β leads to a large number of significant expression changes consistent with a pathologic role in periodontitis, including enhancement of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, transcription factors, matrix metalloproteinases, adhesion molecules, and especially NF‐κB–dependent antiapoptotic genes. NF‐κB activation blocks apoptosis, thereby stabilizing the HGF population in inflammation.
Comparison of Dermal Matrix and Polytetrafluoroethylene Membrane for Socket Bone Augmentation: A Clinical and Histologic Study
Authors: Fotek Paul D. , Neiva Rodrigo F. , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: April 2009

Background: Remodeling and resorption of the alveolar crest, specifically at the buccal aspect, characterize the healing extraction socket. These result in narrowing and shortening of the alveolar ridge, which compromise esthetics and complicate restoration. Alveolar ridge augmentation has been proposed to facilitate future site restoration by minimizing ridge resorption. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare extraction socket healing and alveolar ridge alteration after socket augmentation using bone allograft covered with an acellular dermal matrix (ADM) or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane.Methods: Twenty non‐smoking healthy subjects were selected. Each subject required maxillary premolar, canine, or central incisor tooth extraction. The extraction sites were debrided and grafted with a mineralized bone allograft that was covered with an ADM or PTFE membrane. Postoperative appointments were scheduled at 2, 4, and 8 weeks. After 16 weeks of healing, final measurements were performed, and trephine core biopsies were obtained for histomorphometric analysis. Implants were placed immediately after biopsy harvesting.Results: Eighteen subjects completed the study. All sites healed without adverse events and allowed for implant placement. PTFE membranes exfoliated prematurely, with an average retention time of 16.6 days, whereas the ADM membranes appeared to be incorporated into the tissues. Buccal plate thickness loss was 0.44 and 0.3 mm, with a vertical loss of 1.1 and 0.25 mm, for ADM and PTFE, respectively. Bone quality assessment indicated D3 to be the most prevalent (61%). Histomorphometric analysis revealed 41.81% versus 47.36% bone, 58.19% versus 52.64% marrow/fibrous tissue, and 13.93% versus 14.73% particulate graft remaining for ADM and PTFE, respectively. No statistical difference was found between the two treatment groups for any of the parameters.Conclusion: All sites evaluated showed minimal ridge alterations, with no statistical difference between the two treatment modalities with respect to bone composition and horizontal and vertical bone loss, indicating that both membranes are suitable for alveolar ridge augmentation.
Periodontal Biotype Influence on the Volume Maintenance of Onlay Grafts
Authors: Verdugo Fernando , Simonian Krikor , Nowzari Hessam 
Published: April 2009

Background: Autogenous osseous transplants have advantages, including the maintenance of bone density and high concentrations of growth factors. Little is known about the potential long‐term influence of periodontal biotype on the volume maintenance of block grafts.Methods: Forty patients who received autogenous block transplants prior to implant placement were included in the study. Digital photographs and periapical radiographs were taken after restoration. Clinical parameters, including bleeding on probing, mobility, suppuration, mucosal recession, and buccal tissue transparency, were recorded at yearly intervals. A computerized tomography (CT) scan was taken at an average of 42 months (n = 20) postaugmentation.Results: The clinical examination revealed no implant transparency, mucosal recession, mobility, bleeding on probing, or suppuration (n = 40) at 48 months. CT scans showed varying thicknesses (0.5 to 4 mm) of buccal cortical bone around the implants. The increased width at the recipient site postgraft was 7.6 mm, maintaining, on average, 98% of the augmented width. The buccal osseous thickness at the implant sites averaged 2.0 ± 0.8 mm compared to 0.7 ± 0.5 mm for the adjacent teeth (95% confidence interval: 0.85 to 1.65 mm; P <0.0001). Even when adjacent teeth had a thin biotype, the transplanted sites maintained statistically significant thicker buccal cortical plate at all sites (P <0.0001).Conclusions: Grafted site phenotype did not seem to be influenced by the adjacent teeth biotype. Autogenous osseous transplants can predictably reconstruct function and esthetics and seemed to maintain stable bone volume around implants at an average of 3.5 years.
The Relationship Between Serum Lipids and Periodontitis in Elderly Non‐Smokers
Authors: Izumi Aki , Yoshihara Akihiro , Hirotomi Toshinobu , Miyazaki Hideo 
Published: April 2009

Background: There are common risk factors for periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease in elderly patients. Some studies reported that a low total cholesterol (TC) serum level is associated with a higher level of death in the elderly. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum lipids and periodontal disease in non‐smoking elderly patients.Methods: Two hundred thirty‐four non‐smokers (63 males and 171 females) participated in this study. Multiple regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between serum lipids and periodontitis and between serum lipids and inflammatory factors. The percentage of sites with probing depth (PD) ≥4 mm, clinical attachment level (CAL) ≥4 mm, and bleeding on probing (BOP) were used as dependent variables. TC, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), gender, and the number of teeth present were included in the model as independent variables in the first analysis. TC, HDL‐C, and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) were used as dependent variables. Albumin, inorganic phosphorus, calcium, and C‐reactive protein were used as independent variables in the second analysis.Results: According to the results of the multiple linear regression analysis, TC was associated with the percentage of sites with PD ≥4 mm (P <0.01; β = −0.19), CAL ≥4 mm (P <0.01; β = −0.20), and BOP (P = 0.03; β = −0.16). HDL‐C and LDL‐C have a significant association with inflammatory markers and inorganic phosphorus and calcium, respectively.Conclusion: Higher TC is associated with a lower prevalence of periodontitis in non‐smoking elderly patients.
Symphysis Revisited: Clinical and Histologic Evaluation of Newly Formed Bone and Reharvesting Potential of Previously Used Symphysial Donor Sites for Onlay Bone Grafting
Authors: Schwartz‐Arad Devorah , Levin Liran 
Published: April 2009

Background: This article reports on the reharvesting potential of newly formed bone in previously used symphysial donor sites.Methods: This study included five patients who were scheduled for sequential onlay bone augmentations prior to dental implant placement using the symphysis area as a donor site. At 5 months after bone augmentation, computed tomography scans of donor sites revealed healing from the first surgery. Because additional bone augmentation was required, the same sites were revisited for bone harvesting. Reharvesting was performed 5 months after the first harvesting. A small portion of the harvested bone from two patients was evaluated histologically.Results: Five months postharvesting, clinical observation of the donor sites resembled newly formed bone as a conglomerate of bovine bone particles. In the five patients, bone continuity was observed between new bone at the donor defect sites and surrounding bone. Additional blocks were reharvested from the same sites and successfully grafted to recipient sites. Dental implants were inserted 5 months after the second augmentation, which healed uneventfully. Histologically, bovine bone particles were surrounded by woven bone, with areas of mature bone with well‐organized osteons.Conclusions: Remodeling of a symphysial donor area enabled reuse of the site for additional harvesting. Intraoral bone sources could serve as a long‐lasting renewable source of high‐quality bone.
Removal of an Amalgam Tattoo Using a Subepithelial Connective Tissue Graft and Laser Deepithelialization
Authors: Campbell Casey M. , Deas David E. 
Published: April 2009

Background: A 56‐year‐old female presented for periodontal treatment with a large amalgam tattoo located in alveolar mucosa on the facial aspect of her maxillary central incisors. The lesion had been present for 42 years since having endodontic surgery at teeth #8 and #9 after a traumatic childhood incident.Methods: A two‐stage surgical approach was used to eliminate the lesion, beginning with a subepithelial connective tissue graft to increase tissue thickness subjacent to the amalgam tattoo. After 6 weeks of healing, the overlying pigmented tissue was removed using laser surgery to expose the underlying grafted connective tissue.Results: After 2 months of healing following laser surgery, the amalgam pigmentation was completely removed, with good color match and an increased width of keratinized tissue at the surgical site.Conclusion: A relatively large amalgam tattoo in the esthetic zone can be adequately removed by a two‐stage procedure using grafted palatal connective tissue and laser deepithelialization.
Optimum contracted-for water supply for hotels in arid coastal regions
Authors: Lamei A. , von Münch E. , van der Zaag P. , Imam E. 
Published: April 2009

Hotels in arid coastal areas use mainly desalinated water for their domestic water demands, and treated wastewater for irrigating green areas. Private water companies supply these hotels with their domestic water needs. There is normally a contractual agreement stating a minimum requirement that has to be supplied by the water company and that the hotel management has to pay for regardless of its actual consumption (“contracted-for water supply”). This paper describes a model to determine what value a hotel should choose for its contracted-for water supply in order to minimize its total annual water costs. An example from an arid coastal tourism-dominated city is presented: Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt.
The managers of hotels with expected high occupancy rates (74% and above) can contract for more than 80%. On the other hand, hotels with expected lower occupancy rates (60% and less) can contract for less than 70% of the peak daily domestic water demand. With a green area ratio of 40 m2/room or less, an on-site wastewater treatment plant can satisfy the required irrigation demand for an occupancy rate as low as 42%. Increasing the ratio of green irrigated area to 100 m2/room does not affect the contracted-for water supply at occupancy rates above 72%; at lower occupancy rates, however, on-site treated wastewater is insufficient for irrigating the green areas. Increasing the green irrigated area to 120 m2/room increases the need for additional water, either from externally sourced treated wastewater or potable water. The cost of the former is much lower than the latter (0.58 versus 1.52 to 2.14 US$/m3 in the case study area).