bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PERKEMBANGAN TEORI DAN PRAKTIK MENGENAI PARLEMEN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Omara Andy , Setiono Joko , Ibrahim Muhammad , Rahman Faiz 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The idea of a parliament system continues to develop from time to time. There are many thoughts of constitutional law experts which later became the theoretical basis for the implementation of the parliament system in a country, including in Indonesia. Furthermore, the existence of representative institutions such as the MPR, DPR, and DPD based on the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, also become an academic discourse concerning what kind of parliament system used in Indonesian parliament. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the existing theories on the parliament system and how it implemented, especially in Indonesia. Based on the background above, this research aims to find out and understand the theories and experts thought on parliament, as well as to find out and understand the implementation of parliament system in Indonesia, viewed from the historical-judicial approach. Conceptually, the theories concerning parliament can be traced since the time of Ancient Greece. Moreover, several theories regarding parliament developed, such as accommodation of group interests in the parliament, and theory on division of parliament chambers. Regarding the implementation of parliament system in Indonesia, historically and judicially, it has its own dynamics, especially in the context of accommodation of group interests and the practice of parliament chambers’ division. For instance, in the early independence period and after the stipulation of 1959 Presidential Decree, the system reflected was unicameral, while during the 1949 Constitution of RIS period was bicameral system. Furthermore, after the amendment of the 1945 Constitution of Indonesia, there is also a discourse concerning the form of parliament division that applied, whether it was unicameral, bicameral, or tricameral.

Intisari
Ide mengenai Parlemen, cabang pemerintahan yang berkuasa membuat dan mengubah undang-undang, telah menjadi topik perdebatan bagi para sarjana sejak zaman dulu kala. Artikel ini bermaksud untuk menceritakan secara singkat tentang perkembangan konsep lembaga legislatif dan menjelaskan dinamikaperkembangan sistem parlemen di Indonesia dalam hukum konstitusi dari sudut pandang historis. Artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa Parlemen adalah institusi yang terus berkembang, dengan sistem bikameralisme yang tampaknya lebih cocok dengan sistem demokrasi perwakilan. Meskipun telah mempraktikkan sistem parlemen yang berbeda-beda dalam sejarahnya, sejak masa reformasi Indonesia lebih cenderung menganut sistem bikameralisme lunak.
A BRAVE NEW FRONTIER IN THE DICHOTOMOUS INDONESIAN LABOUR LAW: GIG ECONOMY, PLATFORM PARADOX AND WORKERS WITHOUT EMPLOYERS
Authors: Tan David 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Historical records have admitted the labour law as a curative mechanism for the disparity of bargaining power in the labour market, with contemporary theories concentrating on essential rights protection and fixing inefficiencies. The emergence of the gig economy brings turmoil despite their beneficial nature. The methodology in this study utilises a normative juridical method. The study reveals that the gig economy is not a new phenomenon, but within the context of precarious work. Recommendations were put forward as the justified necessity for a new personalised labour regulation in Indonesia based on the two general principles of statutory efficiency.

Intisari
Catatan sejarah telah mengakui hukum ketenagakerjaan sebagai suatu mekanisme kuratif untuk mengatasi masalah disparitas daya tawar di bursa tenaga kerja dengan teori kontemporer saat ini yang berkonsentrasi pada perlindungan hak-hak esensial serta memperbaiki inefisiensi. Munculnya gig economy membawa gejolak hukum meskipun sejatinya tetap bersifat sangat benefisial. Metodologi dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif. Studi ini mengungkapkan bahwa gig economy bukanlah fenomena baru, melainkan masih tergolong ke dalam konteks pekerjaan tidak tetap. Rekomendasi juga diajukan sebagai suatu kebutuhan yang dijustifikasi untuk memperbarui peraturan ketenagakerjaan yang lebih dipersonalisasi di Indonesia berdasarkan dua prinsip umum efisiensi hukum.
Analisis Yuridis Terkini Terhadap Tugas Common Law And Fidusia Direktur di Inggris, Amerika, Kanada Dan Indonesia
Authors: Rissy Yafet Yosafet Wilben 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This article discusses the role of the Supreme Court in defending the principle of the supremacy of the constitution. This article argues that the Supreme Court has inherent judicial authority to defend the supremacy of the constitution over legislation even the Constitution itself does not confer the authority explicitly. The supremacy of the constitution is a fundamental constitutional principle that binds all public authorities of the State. As part of the public authorities, the Supreme Court has a duty to disregard unconstitutional legislation. To do this the Supreme Court has judicial discretion to set aside legislation whenever he assumes that the legislation in question is contrary to the Constitution before it can be applied in a concrete case. Unlike the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court does not have authority to invalidate unconstitutional legislation. The Supreme Court may assess the constitutionality of legislation in the sense of weak-form judicial review. Whereas the Constitutional Court’s authority to review the constitutionality of legislation is a strong-form judicial review. The two models of judicial review should work together because Indonesia adopts the supremacy of the constitution principle, instead of the supremacy of the Constitutional Court.

Intisari
Artikel ini mendiskusikan peran Mahkamah Agung dalam mempertahankan asas supremasi konstitusi. Artikel ini berargumen bahwa Mahkamah Agung memiliki kewenangan yudisial inheren dalam mempertahankan supremasi konstitusi terhadap undang-undang meskipun Konstitusi sendiri tidak memberikan kewenangan eksplisit. Supremasi konstitusi adalah asas konstitusional fundamental yang mengikat seluruh badan pemerintah. Sebagai bagian dari badan pemerintah, Mahkamah Agung memiliki diskresi yudisial untuk mengesampingkan undang-undang manakala dia beranggapan bahwa undang-undang tersebut bertentangan dengan konstitusi sebelum menerapkannya ke dalam kasus konkret. Tidak seperti Mahkamah Konstitusi, Mahkamah Agung tidak memiliki kewenangan untuk menyatakan undang-undang tidak memiliki kekuatan mengikat. Mahkamah Agung dapat menilai konstitusionalitas undang-undang dalam pengertian weak-form judicial review. Sementara kewenangan Mahkamah Konstitusi untuk menguji konstitusionalitas undang-undang adalah strong-form judicial review. Kedua model pengujian yudisial tersebut seyogianya berjalan bersama karena Indonesia mengadopsi asas supremasi konstitusi, ketimbang supremasi Mahkamah Konstitusi.
IMPLEMENTASI HILIRISASI MINERAL DAN BATU BARA DALAM RANGKA MEWUJUDKAN KEDAULATAN ENERGI DAN DAYA SAING INDUSTRI NASIONAL
Authors: Rio Fafen Ciptaswara  , Sulistiowati  
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This research is aimed at identifying the obstacles of coal and mineral downstreaming implementation in Indonesia, as well as policy formulations that could be drawn up so that the implementation of downstreaming can realize energy sovereignty and increase the competitiveness of the national industry. The research method is sociological juridical research by analyzing the gap between the law (Das Sollen) and the implementation that being carried out in the field (Das Sein), and analyzed by using comparative descriptive with a qualitative approach, where the collected data comes from related regulations regarding mineral and coal resources management as well as the obligation to implement mineral and coal downstreaming in Indonesia, as well as regulations and policies for the management of mineral and coal resources in other countries that have characteristics related to Indonesia. The results of the study reveal that the obstacles of coal and mineral downstreaming implementation are resulted from the potential occurrence of resource curse; the existence political intervention; inconsistencies of policies to achieve energy sovereignty, and synergy challenge on national mining industry and manufacture industry. In order to formulate the downstreaming policy, it shall address and encourage the development of an Integrated Mineral and Coal Based Industry as well as the strengthening of the role of SOEs in the implementation of mineral and coal downstreaming.

Abstrak
Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengidenfikasi hambatan yang timbul dalam pelaksanaan hilirisasi atas mineral dan batu bara di Indonesia, serta formulasi kebijakan yang dapat disusun agar pelaksanaan hilirisasi dapat mewujudkan kedaulatan energi dan peningkatan daya saing industri nasional. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian yuridis sosiologis dengan melihat kesenjangan antara hukum yang dikehendaki (das sollen) dengan implementasi yang terlaksana di lapangan (das sein), serta dilakukan analisa secara deskriptif komparatif dengan pendekatan kualitatif, dimana data yang dikumpulkan bersumber dari peraturan-peraturan terkait dengan pengelolaan sumber daya mineral dan batu bara serta kewajiban pelaksanaan hilirisasi mineral dan batu bara di Indonesia, serta peraturan dan kebijakan pengelolaan sumber daya mineral dan batu bara di negara lain yang memiliki karakteristik yang terkait dengan Indonesia. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa hambatan pelaksanaan hilirisasi mineral dan batu bara di Indonesia diantaranya berasal dari adanya potensi timbulnya resource curse; adanya political intervention; serta inkonsistensi kebijakan dalam pencapaian kedaulatan energi dan tidak sinerginya industri pertambangan dengan industri manufaktur nasional. Dalam menyusun formulasi kebijakan yang disusun, haruslah mendorong adanya pembangunan Integrated Mineral and Coal Based Industry serta adanya penguatan peran BUMN dalam pelaksanaan hilirasi mineral dan batu bara.
BELEIDSREGEL SEBAGAI INSTRUMEN PERLINDUNGAN WARGA NEGARA DALAM UPAYA PELESTARIAN SATWA
Authors: Susila Wibawa Kadek Cahya , Shania Prilla Davanti  , F.C. Susila Adiyanta  
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Consequences of the stipulation of Permenlhk No. 20 of 2018 is the shift in the classification of some animals that were not protected before to become protected. Beleidsregel is a logical consequence of the usage of discretion in the government administration in a welfare state. The realization of public welfare as the main goal of a welfare state can be accomplished by recognizing discretion. Beleidsregel is needed if there is any urgent problem that requires immediate solution, including the efforts of animals conservation that intersect the interest of citizens who exploit protected animals that are unprotected before. Beleidsregel issued by agencies within the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, namely the Circular Letter of the General Director of Natural Resources and Ecosystem Conservation and the Announcements of the Central Java Natural Resources Conservation Agency, has provided legal certainty regarding the transition required in the classification change of unprotected animals into protected animals. The Circular Letter has instructed the Natural Resources Conservation Agencies to collect data and tag the protected animals, while the Announcements has provided informations regarding provisions of protected animals data collection during the COVID-19 pandemic to reduce the transmission of COVID-19.

Abstrak
Konsekuensi penetapan Permenlhk No. 20/2018 adalah beralihnya penggolongan beberapa satwa yang semula tidak dilindungi menjadi dilindungi. Beleidsregel adalah konsekuensi logis penggunaan asas diskresi dalam penyelenggaraan pemerintahan di negara kesejahteraan. Perwujudan kesejahteraan umum yang menjadi tujuan utama negara kesejahteraan dapat terakomodir dengan adanya pengakuan asas diskresi. Beleidsregel dibutuhkan apabila terjadi persoalan yang mendesak di masyarakat dan membutuhkan penyelesaian yang segera, termasuk dalam upaya pelestarian satwa yang bersinggungan dengan kepentingan warga negara pemanfaat satwa yang semula tidak dilindungi menjadi dilindungi. Beleidsregel yang dikeluarkan oleh instansi yang berada di lingkup Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan, yaitu SE Dirjen Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam dan Ekosistemnya serta Pengumuman Balai Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam Jawa Tengah, telah memberikan kepastian hukum dengan perihal peralihan yang dibutuhkan dalam perubahan penggolongan satwa menjadi satwa yang dilindungi. SE telah menginstruksikan kepada Balai/Balai Besar Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam untuk melakukan pendataan dan penandaan satwa, sedangkan Pengumuman telah memberikan informasi perihal ketentuan pendataan satwa di masa pandemi COVID-19 untuk mengurangi penyebaran COVID-19.
Validation of Patient-Reported Outcome Measure in Pediatric CKD (PRO-Kid)
Authors: Matsuda-Abedini Mina , Zappitelli Michael , Widger Kimberley , Rapoport Adam , Dionne Janis M , Chanchlani Rahul , Samuel Susan , Davison Sara N. , Bei Ke Fan , Wai Lai Veronica Ka , Dufault Brenden , Dart Allison B. 
Published: June 2024

Key Points

PRO-Kid is a patient-reported outcome measure of the frequency and burden of symptoms.Higher PRO-Kid scores are associated with lower Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory scores.

Background
Measuring the burden of symptoms that matter most to children and adolescents with CKD is essential for optimizing patient-centered care. We developed a novel CKD-specific patient-reported outcome measure (PRO-Kid) to assess both frequency and impact of symptoms in children. In this study, we further assessed the validity and internal consistency of PRO-Kid.

Methods
In this multicenter study, children age 8–18 years with stages 3–5 CKD, including those on dialysis, were recruited from five pediatric centers. Children completed the 14-item PRO-Kid questionnaire and the validated Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL 4.0). We explored the dimensionality of the PRO-kid scale using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, to either establish that it is a unidimensional construct or identify evidence of subfactors. We then assessed internal consistency (Cronbach alpha) and construct validity (Pearson correlations).

Results
In total, 100 children were included. The median eGFR was 27.4 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (7.43–63.4), and 26 children (26%) were on dialysis. Both the PRO-Kid frequency and the impact scales were unidimensional. Cronbach alpha was high for both the PRO-Kid frequency and impact scales, 0.83 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.78 to 0.88) and 0.84 (95% CI, 0.80 to 0.89), respectively, showing strong internal consistency. Pearson correlations between PRO-Kid and PedsQL scores were also strong: −0.78 (95% CI, −0.85 to −0.70) for the frequency score and −0.69 (95% CI, −0.78 to −0.56) for the impact score, reflecting the association between poorer quality of life and higher symptom burden.

Conclusions
PRO-Kid is a novel patient-reported symptom burden tool for children age 8–18 years with CKD that correlates strongly in the expected direction with PedsQL, supporting its validity. Future work will evaluate changes in PRO-Kid score with progression of CKD and implementation of the tool into clinical care.
Stakeholder management and organizational form of arable farms: a comparison of paddy farm corporations in Japan
Authors: Yagi Hironori , Tanaka Katsuya , Fujii Yoshitaka , Inoue Norikazu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
As agricultural operations are increasingly industrialized, the role of stakeholders (SHs) becomes critical to the sustainability of the farming business. Arable farms are particularly expanding their geographical scales and socioeconomic impacts on the surrounding community, which gives particular importance to stakeholder management in relation to internal and external parties. Although the majority of arable farming comprises family farms, they have been on the decline because of succession problems, while non-family farms have been increasing. Success or failure of SHM is closely related to organizational forms because the form represents primal SHs. However, little research has examined the impact of SHM on performance in arable farming. This paper empirically investigates how SHM in various organizational forms is associated with the corporate performance of Japanese paddy farms. A questionnaire survey of Japanese paddy farm corporations was conducted in 2014, and 217 questionnaires from 63 family, 64 joint-stock, and 90 community farms were used in our estimates. Our estimation examines the following hypotheses: (i) SHM is associated with the corporate performance of paddy farms, and (ii) effective SHM varies depending on the organizational forms. The results suggest that, first, effective SHM is linked to organizational forms. In other words, the choice of form can offset the impact of SHs. Second, excessive emphasis on listening to opinions from the surrounding community may harm their performance, particularly at joint-stock farms, which expand in scale. Third, at family farms, attracting younger employees is crucial for running the business. Last, harmonious relations with the community are most important at community farms compared with other types of farms.
MALAY OF KUALUH WORD ORDER IN LABUHANBATU UTARA: A STUDY OF SYNTACTIC TYPOLOGY
Authors: Pasaribu Gumarpi Rahis , Mulyadi Mulyadi 
Published: June 2024

The word order in the Kualuh Malay language spoken in North Labuhanbatu is the subject of this research, which aims to investigate it. Study In this research, the qualitative research method was utilized. Data for this study came primarily from interviews and participants' own experiences. The clauses or sentences that were discovered in the folklore served as the research's primary source of data. The studies of Miles and Huberman were utilized in order to make sense of the data. The process of assessing the research involved several stages, including data reduction, data display, and extracting conclusions from the data and verifying them. It is possible to draw the conclusion based on the findings of the research that the structure of the sentence patterns used in the Kualuh Malay language spoken in North Labuhanbatu contains VSO, SVO, OSV, VOS, OVS SV, VO, and OV. The word order pattern that should be followed in the declarative clause of a declarative sentence is SC, SVO, OVS. The word order pattern of the clause in this section is V-O and O-V, and it is vital that this pattern be followed. In an interrogative sentence, SV, SVO, VOS, and OSV can be used with nasal-affixed verbs or without them.
PELATIHAN BERBASIS WIRAUSAHA PADA MURID SMK KEPERAWATAN MELALUI PEMBUATAN PRODUK INHALASI ANTITUBERKULOSIS SEBAGAI UPAYA PENCEGAHAN TUBERKULOSIS
Authors: Kusuma Sri Agung Fitri , Fadhlillah Muhammad , Rostinawati Tina , Rahayu Driyanti 
Published: June 2024

Soft skill dan ketrampilan yang dimiliki oleh siswa SMK keperawatan Baabul Kamil yang kompeten dapat menjadi peluang besar untuk membuka wirausaha baru yang berkontribusi di bidang kesehatan. Pada kegiatan pengabdian ini, siswa SMK dibekali dengan pelatihan pembuatan produk inhalasi antituberkulosis berbahan aktif minyak sereh dengan metode sederhana. Produk yang dihasilkan ini dapat menginduksi para siswa untuk mampu melakukan komunikasi interpersonal dalam melaksanakan tindakan keperawatan dalam memasarkan produk aromaterapi inhalasi antituberkulosis ini. Tujuan program pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah untuk membentuk kemandirian ekonomi dan kualitas lulusan para siswa didik SMK Baabul Kamil melalui peningkatan keterampilan dengan diperolehnya produk inhalasi antituberkulosis serta meningkatnya kemampuan komunikasi siswa didik SMK Baabul Kamil jurusan keperawatan dalam memberikan edukasi kesehatan kepada masyarakat sebagai perpanjangan tangan dari Puskesmas dalam memutus rantai penularan tuberkulosis. Metode program ini meliputi pre-test, dilanjutkan dengan kegiatan penyuluhan, post test, pembuatan produk parfum padat antituberkulosis dan penyuluhan manajemen kewirausahaan. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah didapatkan data tingkat pengetahuan siswa SMK tentang penyakit tuberkulosis dan pemantauan pengobatannya yaitu 55,56% berpengetahuan baik dan 44,44% berpengetahuan cukup. Data ini menunjukkan bahwa keberhasilan sistem pengajaran di SMK Baabul Kamil dalam pengajaran pengetahuan dasar kesehatan secara umum. Setelah diadakan penyuluhan khusus tentang tuberkulosis, tingkat pengetahuan siswa meningkat menjadi menjadi 83,33% berpengetahuan baik dan 16,67% berpengetahuan cukup. Antusiasme siswa SMK Baabul Kamil dalam pelatihan pembuatan produk parfum padat juga sangat tinggi. Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa bekal ketrampilan dan pengetahuan yang dimiliki oleh siswa SMK ini meningkat dan mampu menginduksi peminatan siswa untuk membuatnya secara mandiri untuk meniti kewirausahaan secara dini.
New Study on the Effect of Scopoletin and Silver Nanoparticles of Fenugreek Extract as Pancreatic Cancer Inhibition Agents
Authors: Hasan Nihad , Nijoud Faisal Yousif AL-Saarag  
Published: June 2024

Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive and lethal form of cancer with limited treatment options. Therefore, exploring novel therapeutic strategies is crucial to improve patient outcomes. Researchers are currently investigating the potential therapeutic effects of scopoletin and silver nanoparticles on various diseases, including pancreatic cancer. Specifically, they have synthesized and characterized silver nanoparticles using fenugreek extract and tested different concentrations of these nanoparticles and scopoletin to determine their anti-cancer and anti-angiogenic properties. The aim is to identify the most effective dose that can reduce the levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), which are markers associated with cancer progression. The study was performed in a laboratory setting, dividing the samples into three separate groups. The first group, known as the control group, consisted of 30 samples from healthy individuals of both genders, aged between 23 and 45 years. The second group included 30 male and female patients aged between 45 and 65 years, with stage II pancreatic cancer. Lastly, the third group comprised 30 male and female patients with stage III pancreatic cancer, aged between 52 and 79 years. This study found that, compared to the control group, patients with stage IΙ and stage IΙΙ pancreatic cancer experienced the greatest decrease in enzyme concentration at the concentration of the nanoparticle solution 2 ppm where the Cyclooxygenas-2 enzyme concentrations values were 2.43±0.22ng/ml, 3.04±0.31ng/ml and 1.59±0.06ng/ml, respectively. As for the concentration of the enzyme Lactate dehydrogenase, it was 1.20±0.02ng/ml, 1.14±0.02ng/ml and 0.85±0.18ng/ml respectively. Also, as compared to the control 1.97±0.17ng/ml, 1.72±0.10ng/ml, and 1.22±0.07ng/ml, the concentration of the scopoletin compound solution 8ppm results in the best reduction in COX-2 enzyme concentration As for the concentration of the enzyme LDH, it was 0.93±0.07 ng/ml, 0.97±0.11 ng/ml and 0.71±0.10 ng/ml In individuals with stage IΙ and stage IIΙ PC. The results of this research demonstrate that scopoletin compounds and Ag-NPs derived from Fenugreek extract function as anti-cancer and anti-angiogenesis agents by reducing the levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzymes in the blood serum of individuals with stage II and stage III pancreatic carcinoma in Iraq.