bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topographic Stability After Hyperopic LASIK
Authors: de Ortueta Diego , Mosquera Samuel Arba 
Published: March 2010

Purpose:To analyze and compare time-dependent topographic changes after hyperopic LASIK.Methods:Sixty-six consecutive eyes of 37 patients treated for hyperopic astigmatism with the SCHWIND ESIRIS excimer laser with follow-up of ≥3 months were retrospectively evaluated. In all cases, standard examinations and 3-, 12-, and 36-month topographic analyses with a Keratron topographer (Optikon 2000 SpA) were performed. Topographic changes in Maloney index, simulated keratometry (sim K), and keratometry (K) readings at 3, 5, and 7 mm were evaluated.Results:Postoperatively, 92% of eyes were within ±0.50 diopters (D) manifest refraction after 3-month follow-up, compared with 83% after 12 months, and 72% after 36 months. No significant regression between the 3-month and 1-year follow-up as well as 1 to 3 years postoperatively was noted. Evaluation of mean regression (increasing hyperopia) between 3 and 36 months postoperatively resulted in a Maloney index of 0.016 D/month, regression of 0.013 D/month for the sim K readings, and regression of 0.010 D/month, <0.001 D/month, and 0.004 D/month for the 3-, 5-, and 7-mm zones, respectively. Refractive stability was comparable to the Maloney index and sim K index stability.Conclusions:Topography can be used as an objective method to analyze regression after treatment of hyperopia. This method allows differentiation as to whether there is regression, topographic change, or latent hyperopia, which becomes manifest after a certain time period. Following hyperopic LASIK with the SCHWIND ESIRIS laser, no topographic regression between 3- and 36-month follow-up could be observed.
Topography-Guided Transepithelial Surface Ablation in Treatment of Recurrent Epithelial Ingrowths
Authors: Chen Xiangjun , Stojanovic Aleksandar , Nitter Tore A. 
Published: March 2010

Purpose:
To describe a new, single-step, transepithelial and trans-LASIK flap topography-guided surface ablation technique in a case of recurrent epithelial ingrowth with visual disturbances caused by irregular astigmatism, scattering, and decreased corneal transparency after LASIK.

Methods:
Custom ablation through both the epithelium and the LASIK flap performed by 1-kHz flying spot excimer laser was used to transform an irregular corneal surface into a regular aspheric surface and in the same continuous process to ablate the epithelial ingrowth causing the irregularity.

Results:
Visual rehabilitation was achieved, the corneal surface was regularized, and epithelial ingrowth was removed within the ablation.

Conclusions:
The transepithelial topography-guided surface ablation technique was safe and effective in this case of visually disturbing epithelial ingrowth after LASIK, and may also be applied to treat other types of flap/interface complications.
Adaptive dynamic programming and distributionally robust optimal control of linear stochastic system using the Wasserstein metric
Authors: Liang Qingpeng , Hu Jiangping , Xiang Linying , Shi Kaibo , Wu Yanzhi 
Published: May 2024

SummaryIn this paper, we consider the optimal control of unknown stochastic dynamical system for both the finite‐horizon and infinite‐horizon cases. The objective of this paper is to find an optimal controller to minimize the expected value of a function which depends on the random disturbance. Throughout this paper, it is assumed that the mean vector and covariance matrix of the disturbance distribution is unknown. An uncertainty set in the space of mean vector and the covariance matrix is introduced. For the finite‐horizon case, we derive a closed‐form expression of the unique optimal policy and the opponents policy that generates the worst‐case distribution. For the infinite‐horizon case, we simplify the Riccati equation obtained in the finite‐hozion setting to an algebraic Riccati equation, which can guarantee the existence of the solution of the Riccati equation. It is shown that the resulting optimal policies obtained in these two cases can stabilize the expected value of the system state under the worst‐case distribution. Furthermore, the unknown system matrices can also be explicitly computed using the adaptive dynamic programming technique, which can help compute the optimal control policy by solving the algebraic Riccati equation. Finally, a simulation example is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of our theoretical results.
Phase Evolution of Multi‐Metal Dichalcogenides With Conversion‐Alloying Hybrid Mechanism for Superior Lithium Storage
Authors: Jiang Jingjing , Hu Sanlue , Zhang Xiangyong , Li Senlin , Wei Hua , Ren Baohui , Li Shizhen , Chen Guangming , Yang Jinlong , Han Cuiping , Liu Zhuoxin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTraditional lithium‐ion battery (LIB) anodes, whether intercalation‐type like graphite or alloying‐type like silicon, employing a single lithium storage mechanism, are often limited by modest capacity or substantial volume changes. Here, the kesterite multi‐metal dichalcogenide (CZTSSe) is introduced as an anode material that harnesses a conversion‐alloying hybrid lithium storage mechanism. Results unveil that during the charge–discharge processes, the CZTSSe undergoes a comprehensive phase evolution, transitioning from kesterite structure to multiple dominant phases of sulfides, selenides, metals, and alloys. The involvement of multi‐components facilitates electron transport and mitigates swelling stress; meanwhile, it results in formation of abundant defects and heterojunctions, allowing for increased lithium storage active sites and reduced lithium diffusion barrier. The CZTSSe delivers a high specific capacity of up to 2266 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A g−1; while, maintaining a stable output of 116 mA h g−1 after 10 000 cycles at 20 A g−1. It also demonstrates remarkable low‐temperature performance, retaining 987 mA h g−1 even after 600 cycles at −40 °C. When employed in full cells, a high specific energy of 562 Wh kg−1 is achieved, rivalling many state‐of‐the‐art LIBs. This research offers valuable insights into the design of LIB electrodes leveraging multiple lithium storage mechanisms.
Fusion Bonding Technique for Solvent‐Free Fabrication of All‐Solid‐State Battery with Ultrathin Sulfide Electrolyte
Authors: Hu Lei , Ren Yulang , Wang Ciwei , Li Jiedong , Wang Zehai , Sun Fu , Ju Jiangwei , Ma Jun , Han Pengxian , Dong Shanmu , Cui Guanglei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFor preparing next‐generation sulfide all‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs), the solvent‐free manufacturing process has huge potential for the advantages of economic, thick electrode, and avoidance of organic solvents. However, the dominating solvent‐free process is based on the fibrillation of polytetrafluoroethylene, suffering from poor mechanical property and electrochemical instability. Herein, a continuously solvent‐free paradigm of fusion bonding technique is developed. A percolation network of thermoplastic polyamide (TPA) binder with low viscosity in viscous state is constructed with Li6PS5Cl (LPSC) by thermocompression (≤5 MPa), facilitating the formation of ultrathin LPSC film (≤25 µm). This composite sulfide film (CSF) exhibits excellent mechanical properties, ionic conductivity (2.1 mS cm−1), and unique stress‐dissipation to promote interface stabilization. Thick LiNi0.83Co0.11Mn0.06O2 cathode can be prepared by this solvent‐free method and tightly adhered to CSF by interfacial fusion of TPA for integrated battery. This integrated ASSB shows high‐energy‐density feasibility (>2.5 mAh cm−2 after 1400 cycles of 9200 h and run for more than 10 000 h), and energy density of 390 Wh kg−1 and 1020 Wh L−1. More specially, high‐voltage bipolar cell (≥8.5 V) and bulk‐type pouch cell (326 Wh kg−1) are facilely assembled with good cycling performance. This work inspires commercialization of ASSBs by a solvent‐free method and provides beneficial guiding for stable batteries.
Brønsted Acid‐Catalyzed Markovnikov Hydroarylation of Arylcyclobutene: A Route to gem‐Diaryl‐Substituted Cyclobutanes
Authors: Wang Xiuhong , Sun Zhening , Wang Juanjuan , Zheng Zhaojing , Lu Hong , Wei Hao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA regioselective Markovnikov hydroarylation of arylcyclobutene has been developed using Brønsted acid catalysis through a protonation/Friedel‐Crafts sequence. The metal‐free catalytic reaction is operationally simple and feasible compared to previous reports that utilized elaborate arylcyclobutene and specific polyfluorinated reagents, affording a variety of gem‐diaryl‐ substituted arylcyclobutene in good yields. The possible mechanism of the reaction has been explored through step‐by‐step control experiments. This protocol involving indole in gem‐diaryl‐substituted cyclobutene scaffolds not only enriches the applications of Brønsted acid catalyzed hydroarylation, but also paves the way for a more extensive access to potential bioactive cyclobutanes structures.
Concealing Organic Neuromorphic Devices with Neuronal‐Inspired Supported Lipid Bilayers
Authors: Ausilio Chiara , Lubrano Claudia , Rana Daniela , Matrone Giovanni Maria , Bruno Ugo , Santoro Francesca 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNeurohybrid systems have gained large attention for their potential as in vitro and in vivo platform to interrogate and modulate the activity of cells and tissue within nervous system. In this scenario organic neuromorphic devices have been engineered as bioelectronic platforms to resemble characteristic neuronal functions. However, aiming to a functional communication with neuronal cells, material synthesis, and surface engineering can yet be exploited for optimizing bio‐recognition processes at the neuromorphic‐neuronal hybrid interface. In this work, artificial neuronal‐inspired lipid bilayers have been assembled on an electrochemical neuromorphic organic device (ENODe) to resemble post‐synaptic structural and functional features of living synapses. Here, synaptic conditioning has been achieved by introducing two neurotransmitter‐mediated biochemical signals, to induce an irreversible change in the device conductance thus achieving Pavlovian associative learning. This new class of in vitro devices can be further exploited for assembling hybrid neuronal networks and potentially for in vivo integration within living neuronal tissues.
In‐Situ Ultrafast Construction of Zinc Tungstate Interface Layer for Highly Reversible Zinc Anodes
Authors: Cao Jin , Wu Haiyang , Zhang Dongdong , Luo Ding , Zhang Lulu , Yang Xuelin , Qin Jiaqian , He Guanjie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractConstructing artificial solid electrolyte interface on the Zn anode surface is recognized as an appealing method to inhibit zinc dendrites and side reactions, whereas the current techniques are complex and time‐consuming. Here, a robust and zincophilic zinc tungstate (ZnWO4) layer has been in situ constructed on the Zn anode surface (denoted as ZWO@Zn) by an ultrafast chemical solution reaction. Comprehensive characterizations and theoretical calculations demonstrate that the ZWO layer can effectively modulate the interfacial electric field distribution and promote the Zn2+ uniform diffusion, thus facilitating the uniform Zn2+ nucleation and suppressing zinc dendrites. Besides, ZWO layer can prevent direct contact between the Zn/water and increase the hydrogen evolution reaction overpotential to eliminate side reactions. Consequently, the in situ constructed ZWO layer facilitates remarkable reversibility in the ZWO@Zn||Ti battery, achieving an impressive Coulombic efficiency of 99.36 % under 1.0 mA cm−2, unprecedented cycling lifespan exceeding 1800 h under 1.0 mA cm−2 in ZWO@Zn||ZWO@Zn battery, and a steady and reliable operation of the overall ZWO@Zn||VS2 battery. The work provides a simple, low cost, and ultrafast pathway to crafting protective layers for driving advancements in aqueous zinc‐metal batteries.
Gasphasenbildung von Schwefliger Säure (H2SO3) in der Atmosphäre
Authors: Berndt Torsten , Hoffmann Erik H. , Tilgner Andreas , Herrmann Hartmut 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSchweflige Säure (H2SO3) ist dafür bekannt, dass sie thermodynamisch instabil ist und in SO2 und H2O zerfällt. Alle Versuche, diese schwer zugängliche Säure in Lösung nachzuweisen, sind bisher gescheitert. Berichte über die Bildung von H2SO3 ausgehend von Experimenten in einem Massenspektrometer sowie Ergebnisse aus theoretischen Berechnungen deuten jedoch auf eine mögliche kinetische Stabilität in der Gasphase hin. Hier wird experimentell gezeigt, dass H2SO3 bei der OH Radikal initiierten Gasphasenoxidation von Methansulfinsäure (CH3S(O)OH) bei 295±0,5 K und 1 bar Luft mit einer molaren Ausbeute von
% entsteht. Weitere Hauptprodukte sind SO2, SO3 und Methansulfonsäure. CH3S(O)OH ist ein wichtiges Zwischenprodukt bei der Oxidation von Dimethylsulfid in der Atmosphäre. Globale Modellierungen zeigen eine jährliche H2SO3 Produktion von ∼8 Millionen Tonnen aus der Reaktion OH+CH3S(O)OH. Der untersuchte H2SO3 Zerfall in Anwesenheit von Wasserdampf ergab k(H2O+H2SO3) <3×10−18 cm3 Molekül−1 s−1, was auf eine Lebensdauer von mindestens einer Sekunde für atmosphärische Feuchtebedingungen hinweist. Diese Arbeit liefert den experimentellen Beweis dafür, dass H2SO3 nach seiner Bildung in der Gasphase kinetisch ausreichend stabil ist, um seine Charakterisierung und nachfolgende Reaktionen zu gestatten.
An In‐Situ‐Tag‐Generation Proximity Labeling Technology for Recording Cellular Interactions
Authors: Yao Yunyan , Jia Ru , Liu Chuanming , Wang Haiqi , Li Ting , Zheng Xiaocui , Zhong Tong , Feng Nan , Sun Jiahui , Li Ke , Xie Ran , Ding Lijun , Yan Chao , Ding Lin , Ju Huangxian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObtaining information about cellular interactions is fundamental to the elucidation of physiological and pathological processes. Proximity labeling technologies have been widely used to report cellular interactions in situ; however, the reliance on addition of tag molecules typically restricts their application to regions where tags can readily diffuse, while the application in, for example, solid tissues, is susceptible. Here, we propose an “in‐situ‐tag‐generation mechanism” and develop the GalTag technology based on galactose oxidase (GAO) for recording cellular interactions within three‐dimensional biological solid regions. GAO mounted on bait cells can in situ generate bio‐orthogonal aldehyde tags as interaction reporters on prey cells. Using GalTag, we monitored the dynamics of cellular interactions and assessed the targeting ability of engineered cells. In particular, we recorded, for the first time, the footprints of Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin (BCG) invasion into the bladder tissue of living mice, providing a valuable perspective to elucidate the anti‐tumor mechanism of BCG.
Bottom‐up Growth of Convex Sphere with Adjustable Cu(0)/Cu(I) Interfaces for Effective C2 Production from CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Liu Huan , Yang Chenghan , Bian Tong , Yu Huijun , Zhou Yuming , Zhang Yiwei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOne challenge confronting the Cu2O catalysts in the electrocatalysis of carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) is the reduction of active Cu(I) species, resulting in low selectivity and quick deactivation. In this study, we for the first time introduce a bottom‐up growth of convex sphere with adjustable Cu(0)/Cu(I) interfaces (Cux@Cu2O convex spheres). Interestingly, the interfaces are dynamically modulated by varying hydrothermal time, thus regulating the conversion of C1 and C2 products. In particular, the 4 h hydrothermal treatment applied to Cu0.25@Cu2O convex sphere with the favorable Cu(0)/Cu(I) interface results in the highest selectivity for C2 products (90.5 %). In situ Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy measurements and density functional theory calculations reveal that the Cu(0)/Cu(I) interface lowers the energy barrier for the production of ethylene and ethanol while increasing the coverage of localized *CO adsorbate for increased dimerization. This work establishes a novel approach for transforming the state of valence‐sensitive electrocatalysts into high‐value energy‐related engineering products.
Photon Upconversion Cooperates with Downshifting in Chiral Systems: Modulation, Amplification, and Applications of Circularly Polarized Luminescence
Authors: Zhao Tonghan , Duan Pengfei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCircularly polarized luminescence (CPL)‐active materials are increasingly recognized for their potential applications such as 3D imaging, data storage, and optoelectronic devices. Typically, CPL materials have required high‐energy (HE) photons for excitation to emit low‐energy (LE) circularly polarized light, a process known as downshifting CPL (DSCPL). However, the emergence of upconverted CPL (UCCPL), where the absorption of multi LE photons results in the emission of a single HE photon with circular polarization, has recently attracted considerable attention. This minireview highlights the intricate relationship between upconversion and CPL phenomena. During upconversion, the dissymmetry factor (glum) value can be improved in certain systems. Additionally, the integration of both LE and HE photons in upconversion‐downshifting‐synergistic systems offers avenues for dual‐excitation or dual‐emission CPL functionalities. More in detail, the emerging UCCPL based on various photon upconversion mechanisms and their synergy with DSCPL are introduced. Additionally, several examples that demonstrate the applications of UCCPL are presented to highlight the future opportunities.
Conservation Action Tracker: A tool to identify and monitor conservation actions for tree species
Authors: Quintana Itxaso , Rivers Malin , Davies Katharine 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPremiseThe GlobalTree Portal, hosted by Botanic Gardens Conservation International, provides access to information on the approximately 58,000 tree species worldwide. Included in the GlobalTree Portal is the Conservation Action Tracker, a dynamic and collaborative database to identify and monitor conservation actions for tree species globally.MethodsThe Conservation Action Tracker collates conservation action information at the species level, including species recovery/action plans, ex situ collections, propagation protocols, in situ management, species protection policy, and education/awareness campaigns.ResultsTo date, the Conservation Action Tracker contains conservation action information for 4126 tree species, including 2161 threatened species, of which 659 are classified as Vulnerable, 783 as Endangered, and 719 as Critically Endangered. It covers conservation action information for at least one tree species in every country; however, more information is needed for 89% of Vulnerable, 87% of Endangered, and 77% of Critically Endangered tree species.DiscussionMonitoring species conservation actions can support the prioritization and scaling up of conservation practices by sharing knowledge, increasing collaboration, enabling the identification of conservation gaps, and making the information available to be used by decision‐makers. Tracking conservation actions at the species level is, therefore, essential to guide future conservation efforts. Increasing the amount of data in the Conservation Action Tracker will improve the tool's ability to guide future conservation efforts and avoid the extinction of tree species.
Development and assessment of a virtual escape‐room game for teaching industrial bioprocesses
Authors: Cotoras Davor , Valenzuela‐Ibaceta Felipe , Salas Diego , Cárdenas Franco 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article presents a study on the implementation of a virtual escape‐room game as a novel teaching methodology in biochemistry education. The game aimed to engage students in producing monoclonal antibodies against SARS‐CoV‐2 while reinforcing theoretical concepts and fostering teamwork. Three versions of the game were tested, incorporating modifications to address student feedback on and improve the overall experience. The study employed a satisfaction survey to gather insights from students regarding their perception of the game. Results showed that the implementation of answer flexibility using RegEx had a significant positive impact on student satisfaction and motivation. The introduction of RegEx allowed for a more realistic and immersive gaming experience, as students could provide varied answers while still being evaluated correctly. Overall, the findings highlight the effectiveness of the game's design, the suitability of the Google Forms platform for distance learning, and the importance of incorporating answer flexibility through RegEx. These results provide valuable guidance for educators seeking to enhance student engagement and satisfaction through the use of escape‐room games in biochemistry education.
The effect of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele and olfactory function on odor identification networks
Authors: Frank Conner , Albertazzi Abigail , Murphy Claire 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe combination of apolipoprotein E ε4 (ApoE ε4) status, odor identification, and odor familiarity predicts conversion to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD).MethodsTo further understand olfactory disturbances and AD risk, ApoE ε4 carrier (mean age 76.38 ± 5.21) and ε4 non‐carrier (mean age 76.8 ± 3.35) adults were given odor familiarity and identification tests and performed an odor identification task during fMRI scanning. Five task‐related functional networks were detected using independent components analysis. Main and interaction effects of mean odor familiarity ratings, odor identification scores, and ε4 status on network activation and task‐modulation of network functional connectivity (FC) during correct and incorrect odor identification (hits and misses), controlling for age and sex, were explored using multiple linear regression.ResultsFindings suggested that sensory‐olfactory network activation was positively associated with odor identification scores in ε4 carriers with intact odor familiarity. The FC of sensory‐olfactory, multisensory‐semantic integration, and occipitoparietal networks was altered in ε4 carriers with poorer odor familiarity and identification. In ε4 carriers with poorer familiarity, connectivity between superior frontal areas and the sensory‐olfactory network was negatively associated with odor identification scores.ConclusionsThe results contribute to the clarification of the neurocognitive structure of odor identification processing and suggest that poorer odor familiarity and identification in ε4 carriers may signal multi‐network dysfunction. Odor familiarity and identification assessment in ε4 carriers may contribute to the predictive value of risk for MCI and AD due to the breakdown of sensory‐cognitive network integration. Additional research on olfactory processing in those at risk for AD is warranted.