bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Getting old in the desired gender: a systematic review on aging diseases in transgender people
Authors: Ceolin C. , Papa M. V. , Scala A. , Sergi G. , Garolla A. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Introduction
The growing demographic presence of the transgender (TGD) population has sparked an increase in clinical investigations focusing on the impacts of gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) in adults with gender dysphoria. Despite this surge in studies, there remains a significant gap in the literature regarding the health status of older TGD individuals. This review aims to assess prevalent pathological conditions within the TGD population, specifically concentrating on aging-related diseases investigated to date.

Methods
A systematic search across Embase Ovid, Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases was conducted to identify articles reporting on the aging process in TGD individuals. Methodological quality was evaluated using Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) scores.

Results
Initial database searches yielded 12,688 studies, which were refined to 18 through elimination of duplicates and title/abstract review. Following a comprehensive appraisal, nine studies were included in the systematic review. These articles, published between 2017 and 2023, involved a total of 5403 participants. The evidence indicates a noteworthy percentage of the TGD population being at risk for cardiovascular diseases, experiencing depression or disability, and demonstrating hesitancy toward major recommended screening programs.

Conclusions
Limited studies on older TGD individuals highlight not only an organic risk of chronic diseases but also a cognitive/psychiatric risk that should not be underestimated. Further research is imperative to deepen our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the health challenges faced by older TGD individuals.
Iron Oxide Direct Reduction and Iron Nitride Formation Using Ammonia: Review and Thermodynamic Analysis
Authors: Triana Tiara , Brooks Geoffrey A. , Rhamdhani M. Akbar , Pownceby Mark I. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe steel industry is one of the main contributors to global greenhouse gas emissions, responsible for about 7 to 9% of the world’s total output. The steel sector is under pressure to move toward net-zero emissions by reducing its consumption of coke as the main method of reducing iron-rich feed materials to iron. Due to its well-developed synthesis process, high supply chain, straightforward handling technologies, and highly developed long-standing infrastructure, ammonia has the potential to become a replacement for coke as a future iron ore reductant. This work reviews previous research on ammonia direct reduction of iron oxides and the possible formation of iron nitrides. A thermodynamic assessment using FactSage 8.2 thermochemical software was carried out examining the behavior of ammonia gas as the reductant upon heating, detailed evaluations of the stable phases present under different reaction conditions and using different feed materials, and the formation and stability of iron nitride phases. The results suggest that the reduction of hematite with ammonia occurs in two steps below 570 °C and three steps above 570 °C. The ratio of Fe2O3/NH3 was predicted to affect the reduction reactions by promoting a greater reduction degree and simultaneously lowering the initial temperature needed for reduction, while the excess gas concentration can suppress FeO formation. A predominance area diagram was developed showing the main areas of stable phases as a function of the partial pressure of NH3 and temperature. The formation of iron nitrides during the process was predicted and these were not expected to cause issues for the formation of iron due to their instability under the conditions studied. This analysis can be used to inform further experimental studies regarding ammonia reduction of iron oxide.
Graphical Abstract
Discourses on religion in research that focuses on students’ perspectives
Authors: Franzén Johnson Anna , Lilja Annika , Osbeck Christina 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this article, the aim is twofold: firstly, to explore, through a systematic literature review, what discourses on religion may be identified in previous research that focuses on students’ perspectives, and secondly, to discuss this in relation to research concerning challenges and opportunities in Scandinavian religious education (RE) and classroom negotiations, which is presented as a background to and scientific landscape for the study. Seven discourses relating to students’ understanding of religion have been identified in the text sample from the systematic review, religion as: threatening, a relic, needing to be tolerated, truth claims, plastic, a source of existential curiosity, and security and comfort. The findings show how these discourses together constitute a broader repertoire of discourses on religion than can be found in the Scandinavian RE classroom research presented as a frame for the study, especially when taking into account current orders of discourse and dominance structures. As stressed by discourse theory and sociocultural perspectives on learning, having access to broad repertoires of discourses on religion provides a basis for more nuanced ways of thinking about religion. It is vital that teachers are aware of this and can challenge dominant discourses and broaden existing repertoires. An important step in such a direction is an awareness of discourses on religion, such as the seven presented here, which may potentially be present in the classroom, even in practices other than the ones these discourses emanated from.
Influence of design variables on seismic performance of unitized curtain walls: a parametric experimental study
Authors: Bianchi Simona , Lori Guido , Hayez Valerie , Overend Mauro , Manara Giampiero 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCreating safer and more resilient building facades has become a primary concern in contemporary design, particularly in earthquake-prone regions, where there is a potentially high impact on financial, social and environmental losses. Glazed curtain wall systems are widely used in modern architecture. Yet, despite decades of research efforts aimed at enhancing the understanding of their seismic behaviour, it is not clear how design choices affect the response of glazed facades. This is crucial given the wide range of glass, framing and joint variations that are at our disposal. With a focus on unitized curtain walls, this paper provides insights into the influence of design variables on façade seismic response by means of an extensive experimental campaign and an associated parametric study to test alternative designs under both quasi-static and dynamic loading conditions. The variables considered included variations in unit dimensions, glass and joint aspect ratios, joint and framing detailing, and support conditions. This research delves into a statistical analysis of the experimental results, in order to define parameters such as glass and façade unit rotations, frame elongations and distortions, utilization factors at different intensity levels. The results provide insights that guide façade design decisions for achieving desired seismic performance levels.
Microscopic deformation mechanism and characteristics of carbonaceous slate during the creep process
Authors: Yang Hucheng , Li Peng , Su Shengrui , Chen Jianxun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCarbonaceous slate exhibits a significant creep deformation that seriously affects the construction and operation of underground projects. To investigate the microstructural changes characteristics and reveal the microscopic deformation mechanism of the carbonaceous slate during the creep process, multiple methods were performed, including the triaxial creep test, SEM and MIP. The following conclusions were drawn: The rock samples underwent three stages during the creep test: microporosity closure at a low-stress level, material densification at an intermediate stress level, and microcracks emerging and expanding to failure at the high stress. The creep deformation was particularly significant in the first and third processes. The lamellar particles are compressed or bent under stress in parallel and vertical directions, showing the anisotropic properties of deformation. The deformation of the rock sample is related to the angle between the bedding and the orientation of major principal stress, and the effect of the anisotropy decreases with the increased stress level. The sprouting and expansion of microfractures occur at high-stress levels, showing pressure dissolution of mineral particles, migration of very fine particles, and cement damage between lamellar particles. Finally, the horizontal samples formed a combined rupture surface composed of the laminar surface and the fracture surface intersecting it, showing brittle damage, while the vertical samples formed a fracture surface parallel to the laminar surface, showing a ductile damage pattern. Those results could provide the basis for a further understanding of the mechanical properties of carbonaceous slate and the improvement of its creep model and parameters. It was significant for the stability analysis and deformation prediction of engineering structures using numerical simulation.
Optimization of Wet-Spun PEDOT:PSS Fibers for Thermoelectric Applications Through Innovative Triple Post-treatments
Authors: Deng Yu-Yu , Shi Xiao-Lei , Wu Ting , Yue Yicheng , Liu Wei-Di , Li Meng , Yue Fang , Huang Pei , Liu Qingfeng , Chen Zhi-Gang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOwing to the high flexibility, low thermal conductivity, and tunable electrical transport property, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) exhibits promising potential for designing flexible thermoelectric devices in the form of films or fibers. However, the low Seebeck coefficient and power factor of PEDOT:PSS have restricted its practical applications. Here, we sequentially employ triple post-treatments with concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4), sodium borohydride (NaBH4), and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dichloroacetate (EMIM:DCA) to enhance the thermoelectric performance of flexible PEDOT:PSS fibers with a high power factor of (55.4 ± 1.8) μW m−1 K−2 at 25 °C. Comprehensive characterizations confirm that excess insulating PSS can be selectively removed after H2SO4 and EMIM:DCA treatments, which induces conformational changes to increase charge carrier mobility, leading to enhanced electrical conductivity. Simultaneously, NaBH4 treatment is employed to adjust the oxidation level, further optimizing the Seebeck coefficient. Additionally, the assembled flexible fiber thermoelectric devices show an output power density of (60.18 ± 2.79) nW cm−2 at a temperature difference of 10 K, proving the superior performance and usability of the optimized fibers. This work provides insights into developing high-performance organic thermoelectric materials by modulating polymer chains.
Graphical Abstract
Luteolin for neurodegenerative diseases: a review
Authors: Jayawickreme Dunuvilla Kavindi , Ekwosi Cletus , Anand Apurva , Andres-Mach Marta , Wlaź Piotr , Socała Katarzyna 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNeurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and multiple sclerosis affect millions of people around the world. In addition to age, which is a key factor contributing to the development of all neurodegenerative diseases, genetic and environmental components are also important risk factors. Current methods of treating neurodegenerative diseases are mostly symptomatic and do not eliminate the cause of the disease. Many studies focus on searching for natural substances with neuroprotective properties that could be used as an adjuvant therapy in the inhibition of the neurodegeneration process. These compounds include flavonoids, such as luteolin, showing significant anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective activity. Increasing evidence suggests that luteolin may confer protection against neurodegeneration. In this review, we summarize the scientific reports from preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies regarding the beneficial effects of luteolin in neurodegenerative diseases. Luteolin was studied most extensively in various models of Alzheimer’s disease but there are also several reports showing its neuroprotective effects in models of Parkinson’s disease. Though very limited, studies on possible protective effects of luteolin against Huntington’s disease and multiple sclerosis are also discussed here. Overall, although preclinical studies show the potential benefits of luteolin in neurodegenerative disorders, clinical evidence on its therapeutic efficacy is still deficient.
Graphical abstract
Patient and Public Perceptions in Canada About Decentralized and Hybrid Clinical Trials: “It’s About Time we Bring Trials to People”
Authors: Richards Dawn P. , Queenan John , Aasen-Johnston Linnea , Douglas Heather , Hawrysh Terry , Lapenna Michael , Lillie Donna , McIntosh Emily I. , Shea Jenna , Smith Maureen , Marlin Susan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Little is known about patient and the public perspectives on decentralized and hybrid clinical trials in Canada.

Methods
We conducted an online survey (English and French) promoted on social media to understand perspectives of people in Canada about decentralized and hybrid clinical trials. The survey had two sections. We co-produced this project entirely with patient, caregiver, and family partners.

Results
The survey had 284 (14 French) individuals who started or completed Section 1, and 180 (16 French) individuals who started or completed Section 2. People prefer to have options to participate in clinical trials where aspects are decentralized or hybridized. 79% of respondents preferred to have options related to study visits. There were concerns about handling adverse events or potential complications in decentralized trials, however, communication options such as a dedicated contact person for participants was deemed helpful. Most respondents were amenable to informed consent being done at a satellite site closer to home or via technology and were split on privacy concerns about this. Most preferred travel to a site within an hour, depending on what the trial was for or its impact on quality of life. Due to the response rate, we were unable to explore associations with gender, age, health status, geography, ethnicity, and prior clinical trial participation.

Conclusion
Our findings indicate an openness in Canada to participating in trials that decentralize or hybridize some aspects. These trials are perceived to provide benefits to participants and ways to increase equity and accessibility for participants.
Epidemiological aspects of individuals with mental disorders in the referral system: the experience of a Community Mental Health Center in the northeast of Iran
Authors: Talebi Mahdi , Niroumand Shabnam , Gholami Mobin , Samarghandi Azadeh , Shaygani Fatemeh , Radfar Mahdi , Nemati Ahmad 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Community Mental Health Centers (CMHCs) offer affordable mental health services in a less stigmatized environment, in a domiciliary setting. This study aimed to shed light on the epidemiological factors of patients attending CMHCs of Mashhad, their referral status, and treatment.

Methods
This study was conducted over the medical records of patients seen by psychiatrists between January 2014 and December 2021 in Mashhad's CMHC, the northeast of Iran. A detailed questionnaire was used to extract data from medical records about the epidemiological characteristics, diagnosed mental illnesses, referral status, and how often they visited the psychiatrist. The association between epidemiological findings and patient referral (referral system or self-referral) as well as the association between epidemiological findings and the number of psychiatric revisits were examined using the Chi-square test.

Results
Out of 662 patients, 472 (71%) were female and 190 (29%) were male, with an average age of 29 years. Among the 475 adult patients, 367 (77.3%) were married, with the majority being homemakers (56.4%). Major Depression Disorder (MDD) (32%) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) (18.3%) were the most prevalent mental health conditions among patients. The majority of patients (74.9%) were referred to the CMHC of Mashhad from Primary Healthcare centers (PHCs) and psychiatric hospitals. Furthermore, female gender and patients with lower level of education were associated with more referral through from referral system. Of note, 431 patients (65.1%) did not return for a second visit, the ratio of treatment dropout was higher for patients with lower education levels.

Conclusions
Referral system should be more practical in Iran to enhance health services in CMHCs. It is recommended that PHCs undergo certain modifications to enhance the referral process for patients with mental health conditions, focusing on common mental disorders and individuals with low socioeconomic level.
Defining urban network resilience: a review
Authors: Jie Ren , Wentao Yan , Yuting Huang , Zihao Li 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAs concerns over the security of intercity connections intensify, the concept of urban network resilience has increasingly captured the attention of researchers in related fields. This study aimed to clarify the varying interpretations of urban network resilience among scholars and to identify the advancements and potential gaps in existing literature. The results indicated that differences in perceptions of urban networks have led scholars to define urban network resilience from two distinct perspectives. This divergence influenced the focal points of research, as well as the methodologies, structural measurement indicators, and optimization strategies employed in these studies. We argued for the need to further explore the concept of urban network resilience by considering the nuances of different urban networks, refining methodologies for the identification, description, and measurement of resilience, and recognizing the interconnections among various types and scales of urban networks. This review can provide scholars and policymakers with comprehensive insights into urban resilience, thereby assisting them in making more informed and effective decisions.
Anthropogenically Driven Changes in the Carbon to Phosphorus Ratio of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter
Authors: Sreeush Mohanan Geethalekshmi , Kwon Eun Young , Lee Sun‐Seon , Nellikkattil Arjun Babu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMarine dissolved organic matter (DOM) cycles play a pivotal role in sustaining marine ecosystems and regulating the ocean's carbon sequestration from the atmosphere. However, the response of DOM cycles, including dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP), to future climate change remains highly uncertain. Using the Community Earth System Model version 2 large ensemble simulations, we find that the C:P ratios in DOM are projected to increase by up to two‐fold in oligotrophic gyres by 2100. Increased upper ocean stratification reduces surface phosphate availability, thereby elevating phytoplankton C:P ratios and enhancing phytoplankton utilization of DOP, both acting to deprive DOM of P. Moreover, ocean stratification has a direct effect on exporting less DOC to the subsurface while accumulating more DOC at the sea surface. As a result of the strong sensitivity to ocean surface warming, the anthropogenically driven trends in upper ocean DOM concentration and its C:P ratios are estimated to emerge earlier from the simulated natural variability than upper ocean phosphate concentrations and net primary production—two key biogeochemical variables that are frequently monitored. This study suggests that changes in the C:P ratios of DOM could serve as a sensitive fingerprint of anthropogenic ocean warming, potentially exerting broad impacts on marine microbes. Our estimated 4% reduction in the globally integrated DOC export below 100 m is comparable to a 2% reduction in particulate organic carbon (POC) export by 2100, implying that global warming is likely to weaken the biological carbon pump through both DOC and POC.
Alaskan Glacial Dust Is an Important Iron Source to Surface Waters of the Gulf of Alaska
Authors: Crusius John , Lao Carsten A. , Holmes Thomas M. , Murray James W. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis work evaluates glacial dust as a source of sediment, and associated iron (Fe), to the Fe‐limited Gulf of Alaska (GoA). A reanalysis of GoA sediment data, using rare earth elements and thorium as provenance tracers, suggests a flux to the ocean surface of Copper River (AK) glacial dust, and associated Fe, that is comparable to the flux of dust from Asia, at least 1,000 km from the narrow mountain valley glacial dust source area. This work suggests dust from Asia may not be the largest source of Fe to the GoA. Dust models fail to accurately simulate this glacial dust transport because their coarse resolution underestimates wind speeds, and the dust flux. This work suggests that glacial dust fluxes may have been important in the geologic past (e.g., the last glacial maximum) from locations where there was more extensive coverage by glaciers than at present.
A Study of Ionospheric Heavy Ions in the Terrestrial Magnetotail Using ARTEMIS
Authors: Barani Mohammad , Poppe Andrew R. , Fillingim Matt O. , McFadden J. P. , Halekas J. S. , Sibeck David G. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIonospheric heavy ions in the distant tail of the Earth's magnetosphere at lunar distances are observed using the ARTEMIS mission. These heavy ions are originally produced in the terrestrial ionosphere. Using the ElectroStatic Analyzers (ESA) onboard the two probes orbiting the Moon, these heavy ions are observed as cold populations with distinct energies higher than the baseline energy of protons, with the energy‐per‐charge values for the heavy populations highly correlated with the proton energies. We conducted a full solar cycle survey of these heavy ion observations, including the flux, location, and drift energy, as well as the correlations with the solar wind and geomagnetic indices. The likelihood of finding these heavy ions in the preferred regions of observation called “loaded” quadrants of the terrestrial magnetotail is ∼90%, regardless of the z orientation of the IMF. We characterize the ratio of the heavy ion energy to the proton energy, as well as the velocity ratio of these two populations, for events from 2010 to mid‐2023. This study shows that the “common velocity” assumption for the proton and heavy ion particles, as suggested in previous work through the velocity filter effect, is not necessarily valid in this case. Challenges in the identification of the mass of the heavy ions due to the ESA's lack of ion composition discrimination are addressed. It is proposed that at the lunar distances the heavy ion population mainly consists of atomic oxygen ions (O+) with velocities ∼25% more than the velocity of the co‐located proton population.