bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OCCURRENCE OF TWO SPECIES OFPHLEBOTOMUSSANDFLIES (DIPTERA: PSYCHODIDAE) IN BURROWS OF YELLOW-BELLIED MARMOT,MARMOTA FLAVIVENTRIS NOSOPHORA, IN SOUTHERN ALBERTA
Authors: Shemanchuk J. A. , Robertson R.H. , Depner K.R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMales and females ofPhlebotomus vexator occidentisFairchild and Hertig andP.aquiloniusFairchild and Hardwood were collected from burrows of yellow-bellied marmots,Marmota flaviventris nosophoraHowell, in southern Alberta.P.v.occidentisadults were collected from burrows at collecting sites at Police Coulee (111°39′ W. long., 49°3′ N. lat.) and Lethbridge (112°52′ W. long., 49°39′ N. lat.), whereasP.aquiloniusadults were collected only at the Police Coulee site. The Lethbridge location is a new northern limit for distribution ofP.v.occidentis. The seasonal occurrence of adults ofP.v.occidentisis July to September andP.aquiloniusis August to mid-October.
CULICOIDES SPP. (DIPTERA: CERATOPOGONIDAE) ATTRACTED TO HUMANS IN NEW BRUNSWICK AND NOVA SCOTIA, CANADA
Authors: Greiner Ellis C. , Taylor David M. , Lewis David J. , Downes J. Antony 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSeven species of Culicoides were collected from aerial sweeps about man or from aspiration of biting midges from man in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. Hourly sweep netting indicated C. biguttatus was diurnal in this region and was apparently limited in its dispersion. Culicoides sanguisuga was the most widely distributed species of those collected in the region. A checklist of the 15 species of Culicoides now known from New Brunswick and Nova Scotia is included.
FOLIAGE CONSUMPTION BY THE VARIABLE OAK LEAF CATERPILLAR, HETEROCAMPA MANTEO (LEPIDOPTERA: NOTODONTIDAE), ITS USE IN DEFOLIATION PREDICTIONS
Authors: Surgeoner G. A. , Wallner W. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTotal foliage consumption per larva of Heterocampa manteo (Doubleday) was 334 ± 49.3 cm2 of leaf area. Approximately 85% of the consumption occurred during the fifth larval stadium. There was no significant difference in consumption by H. manteo when fed northern red oak, Quercus rubra L., or white oak, Quercus alba L. Foliage consumption at 27 °C, 24 °C, and 21 °C did not differ significantly; but larvae reared at 15.5 °C consumed 42.6% less foliage. Larvae parasitized by Diradops bethunei (Cresson) consumed 61.3% less foliage than non-parasitized larvae reared at the same temperature. Two methods of predicting defoliation are discussed based upon larval foliage consumption data.
SAMPLING METHODS FOR ARTHROPOD COLONIZATION STUDIES IN SOYBEAN
Authors: Mayse Mark A. , Price Peter W. , Kogan Marcos 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDirect observation (DO) of arthropods on soybean plants was compared with another absolute method, clam trap (CT), and with sweepnet (SW) sampling during a season-long investigation of the colonization by arthropods of two east central Illinois soybean fields. In terms of number of species detected, DO vs. CT showed good agreement between the two fields, while DO vs. SW showed poor between-field agreement. Proportion of similarity (PS) and quotient of similarity (QS) values were higher in a DO-CT comparison than in a DO-SW comparison. Performance similar to that of the other absolute method, consistency of results, ability to use the method throughout the entire season, relatively high numbers of species and individuals detected per unit area sampled, relatively short time required to sample a site, and the capability of yielding a precise record of important interactions among soybean arthropods indicate that direct observation is an effective method for sampling the arthropod community on a row crop such as soybean.
VARIATION IN RESPONSE TO INSECTICIDES BY DOUGLAS-FIR TUSSOCK MOTH, ORGYIA PSEUDOTSUGATA (LEPIDOPTERA: LYMANTRIIDAE), POPULATIONS
Authors: Robertson Jacqueline L. , Boelter Lucille M. , Russell Robert M. , Savin N. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSelected insecticides were topically applied to different populations of the Douglas-fir tussock moth, Orgyia pseudotsugata (McDunnough). For each insecticide, the hypothesis of equal response curves was rejected by the likelihood ratio test. Even for two successive generations of the same populations, the hypothesis of equality was not accepted for some insecticides. Chemical control programs directed at different populations of this insect may be adversely affected by such variations.
ON THE IDENTITY OF CLASTOPTERA ARBORINA AND A NEW RELATED SPECIES (RHYNCHOTA: HOMOPTERA: CERCOPIDAE)
Authors: Hamilton K. G. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractClastoptera arborina Ball is placed as a senior synonym of C. newporta Doering. C. doeringae n. sp. is described for the species previously reported as “arborina” by Doering (1928).
AMINO ACID COMPOSITION AND OTHER NUTRITIONAL CONSTITUENTS OF PEA APHIDS,ACYRTHOSIPHON PISUM(HEMIPTERA (HOMOPTERA): APHIDIDAE), AND THEIR HOSTS, BROAD BEANS AND ALFALFA
Authors: Harper A. M. , Kaldy M. S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPea aphids,Acyrthosiphon pisum(Harris), contained about 21% dry matter, of which 11% was fat, 7% sugar, and 56% protein. Broad bean foliage contained half the amount of dry matter, one-third as much fat, about the same amount of sugar, and four-fifths the amount of protein as the aphids. Alfalfa at prebloom and 10% bloom contained the same amount of dry matter and about half as much fat and protein as the aphids; sugar was about one-fifth at prebloom and half at 10% bloom as the aphids. Pea aphids are of considerable nutritive value. FAO protein scores, which estimate protein quality, were similar for aphids and alfalfa and slightly lower for broad bean foliage.
COMPARATIVE TOXICITY OF INSECTICIDES TO CHORISTONEURA SPECIES (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Robertson Jacqueline L. , Gillette Nancy L. , Lucas Barbara A. , Russell Robert M. , Savin N. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSelected carbamate, chlorinated hydrocarbon, organophosphorous, and pyrethroid insecticides were tested on six Choristoneura species: conflictana (Walker), fumiferana (Clemens), lambertiana ponderosana Obraztsov, occidentalis Freeman, pinus Freeman, and viridis Freeman. When probit regression lines were compared by likelihood ratio tests, the hypothesis of equality was uniformly rejected. The hypothesis of parallelism was accepted for some chemicals within each insecticide class except the chlorinated hydrocarbon. These results suggest that extrapolating the response of one species to another species should be avoided.
EVALUATION OF SEX ATTRACT ANT TRAPS FOR MONITORING SPRUCE BUDWORM POPULATIONS (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Sanders C. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFour commercial sex attractant traps were evaluated for monitoring low density spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)) populations. Factors considered were color, the number of male budworm caught, durability of traps and their ability to exclude non-target insects and debris. The Pherocon 1CP was superior to 3-M Brand Sectar 1 and XC-26; Pherocon 1C was least suitable. Interpretation of the numbers captured may be confounded by the fact that trapped males repel other males.
PARASITES OF GRASSHOPPER (ACRIDOIDEA: ORTHOPTERA) EGGS: DISTRIBUTION AND LIFE HISTORY OF SCELIO SPP. (HYMENOPTERA: SCELIONIDAE) IN PAKISTAN
Authors: Irshad Mohammad , Ahmad Maqbool , Ghani M. A. , Ali Rehmat 
Published: December 2009

AbstractScelio spp. are important parasites of grasshopper eggs in many countries of the world. However, no information regarding these species is available for Pakistan. Therefore, a study was undertaken to record incidence, distribution, and biology of important species of Pakistan during 1970–74. Some species of Scelio such as S. hieroglyphi, S. sp. ? mauritanicus, Scelio sp. B and C, S. sp. nr. popovi, and Scelio sp. A are restricted in distribution; the first four species are host specific while others can parasitize many hosts. S. aegyptiacus, S. sp. nr. serdangensis, and S. sp. ? tristis are polyphagous and found in many areas of Pakistan. Mortality ranging between 3% and 69% of grasshopper eggs due to factors other than parasitism also occurs. Large sized egg-pods are partially parasitized as grasshopper nymphs also emerge along with the parasites, whereas in pods with fewer eggs nothing except the parasites emerge and are called fully parasitized. Of the nine species of Scelio reared from 3708 egg-pods of 16 grasshopper species, biology of S. aegyptiacus, S. hieroglyphi, and Scelio sp. A was studied which is almost identical in all the species. Immature stages comprising egg, 2 larval instars, and pupa of S. aegyptiacus are developed at 31.5°C ± 3 in 2–3, 10–11, and 7–8 days respectively. The female has the capacity to lay 121–135 eggs. Prior to oviposition, mating lasting 1–2 min takes place and a hole is drilled in the froth-plug. Freshly laid egg-pods are preferred over old during parasitization.
THE EFFECTS OF PHOTOPERIOD AND EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURES ON THE SEASONAL PHENOLOGY OF THE CODLING MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Riedl Helmut , Croft B. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe photoperiodic reaction in North American codling moth populations displayed clinal-type variation similar to populations in Europe. A latitudinal shift of 10° to the north corresponded to an increase of 1.25 h in the critical photoperiod. Intrapopulation variance in diapause response appeared to be similar in populations of different origin. The critical photoperiod was not constant for a geographic population but varied between years probably due to the modifying effect of prediapause temperatures. In Michigan and other areas in the northeastern United States with similar climate the codling moth is essentially bivoltine with considerable yearly variability in second generation emergence. A graphic model is presented which gives an estimate of voltinism and the proportion of diapausing first-generation larvae based on the seasonal heat unit total at the time of diapause initiation. From an analysis of original data and historical phenological records an algorithm was developed which describes the relationship between effective temperatures and the variance of second generation emergence and which can predict population curves for climatically different years. Use of this predictive method in conjunction with monitoring information provided by a pheromone trap is discussed.
A SEX ATTRACTANT FOR THE COTTONWOOD CROWN BORER, AEGERIA TIBIALIS (LEPIDOPTERA: SESIIDAE)
Authors: Underhill E. W. , Steck W. , Chisholm M. D. , Worden H. A. , Howe J. A. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMale moths of Aegeria tibialis Harris, a lepidopterous pest of poplar cutting beds in nurseries, were strongly attracted to virgin females and to mixtures of Z3, Z13-octadecadien-1-ol and its acetate. Extracts of female abdominal tips yielded two fractions stimulatory to male antennae. These fractions corresponded to a C18 alcohol and a C18 acetate. Electroantennogram measurements using synthetic chemicals demonstrated that appreciable male antennal stimulation occurred only with C18 compounds having Z-unsaturation at positions 3 or 13, indicating that the synthetic sex attractant may be the natural pheromone of this species.
OVARY STRUCTURE AND REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGIES OF LARVAL PARASITOIDS OF THE ALFALFA WEEVIL (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE)
Authors: Dowell Robert 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTwo manners in which parasitic Hymenoptera gather reproductive proteins are described. Hydropic species gather all protein necessary for reproduction as larvae. Only 5–10% of the material necessary to form a viable first instar larva is put into each egg; the remainder is gathered by the egg within the host. Egg storage is in the lateral oviducts, handling times are short and egg production is independent of host density. Three Bathyplectes spp. are examples of hydropic parasitoids. Anhydropic species gather some or all protein as adults, often by host feeding. All the material necessary for the formation of a viable first instar larva is stored within the egg. The eggs are held in the ovary until laid. Handling times are longer and continued egg production is dependent upon host density. Tetrastichus incertus (Ratzeburg) is an anhydropic parasitoid.Hydropic parasitoids appear best suited for biological control efforts in ephemeral situations (i.e. cotton or alfalfa). Anhydropic parasitoids appear best suited for biological control efforts in stable situations (i.e. citrus or walnuts).
THE SELECTIVE ADVANTAGE OF FOUNDRESS ASSOCIATIONS IN POLISTES FUSCATUS (HYMENOPTERA: VESPIDAE): A FIELD STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF PREDATION ON PRODUCTIVITY
Authors: Gibo David L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractColonies of P. fuscatus that were initiated by various numbers of foundresses were studied to gather basic life table information. This information was used to estimate the selective advantage of foundress association according to a kin selection model, a parental manipulation model, two individual selection models, and a combined kin and individual selection model. Life table data were obtained for colonies located in exposed nest sites and for colonies located in nest sites provided with protection from vertebrate predators. Relative productivity of colonies produced by different size foundress associations and under different levels of predation pressure were determined. Multiple foundress colonies were found to be more productive and have an increased ability to re-establish after an episode of predation when compared with single foundress colonies. When predation levels on the colonies were high, multiple foundress colonies were more productive per colony and per foundress. When predation levels on the colonies were low, multiple foundress colonies were more productive per colony but less productive per foundress. At high levels of predation, when the queens and joiners were all assumed to have equivalent potential productivities, the kin selection model, the parental manipulation model, and the combined kin and individual selection model all predicted a selective advantage for joiners in foundress associations. At low levels of predation, when the wasps are assumed to have equivalent productivities, only the parental manipulation model predicted a selective advantage for joiners in foundress associations. When the assumption of equivalent potential is relaxed and when the wasps are assumed to be capable of detecting and acting upon individual differences in productivity, then all of the models could account for the existence of foundress associations. However, under this last set of assumptions the individual selection models require that the joiners have very low potential productivities.
EFFECTS OF PUPA LIGATIONS ON DEVELOPMENT OF THE ADULT FEMALE SAWFLY, NEODIPRION SERTIFER (HYMENOPTERA: DIPRIONIDAE)
Authors: Fogal W. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLigation experiments were conducted on freshly-ecdysed pupae of Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.) to help identify sources of hormones which might control development of cuticle, rate of heartbeat, egg production, and uric acid depletion in adult females. Ligatures behind the head or thorax have little or no effect on apolysis of abdominal cuticle. Cuticle tanning and initiation of yolk formation are inhibited exclusively by ligatures behind the thorax. Increase in heartbeat rate and ovary weights is inhibited slightly by ligatures behind the head and almost completely by those behind the thorax. Uric acid depletion is inhibited equally by both ligations. The results are discussed in relation to current knowledge of the anatomy of endocrine organs in sawflies and insect endocrine functions in general.
CAMISIA LABRADORICA (ACARI: ORIBATEI: CAMISIIDAE): A NEW SOIL MITE SPECIES FROM THE CANADIAN SUBARCTIC
Authors: Behan Valerie M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAdults of Camisia labradorica, n. sp., from Labrador are described. They are closely similar to those of C. lapponica (Trägårdh, 1910), but are distinguished by the shape of notogastral setae and number of genital setae.
EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON DEVELOPMENTAL RATE OF THE IMMATURE STAGES OF CRIOCERIS ASPARAGI (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)
Authors: Taylor R.G. , Harcourt D. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWhen the immature stages of Crioceris asparagi (L.) were reared at 10 constant temperatures, differential rates of survival and development were observed. The duration of all stages decreased with increase in temperature up to 32°C. The eggs tolerated a wider range of temperatures (8°–34°C) than larvae and pupae (10°–34°C). Developmental rates plotted against temperature did not deviate significantly from fitted curves of the form 1/y = K/1 + ea−bx. During three generations, accumulated degree-days above a base of 10° during development of C. asparagi in the field did not differ significantly from stage thermal requirements as calculated.
BIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF BUD MINING SAWFLIES, PLERONEURA SPP. (HYMENOPTERA: XYELIDAE), ON WHITE FIR IN THE CENTRAL SIERRA NEVADA OF CALIFORNIA: II. LARVAL DISTRIBUTION WITHIN TREE CROWNS
Authors: Ohmart C. P. , Dahlsten D. L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe within crown distribution of three species of Pleroneura and their food source (active buds) was determined on white fir trees 5–30 ft tall. Over 90% of all active buds and 94% of all infested buds occur in the outer half of the crown. Over 50% of the total active and infested buds occur in the middle third of the crown. Percentage infestation within the crown increases from bottom to top. Percentage infestation per tree decreases as tree size increases.
ICHNEUMONOID PARASITES (HYMENOPTERA) ACCIDENTALLY INTRODUCED INTO CANADA
Authors: Mason W. R. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractParasitic Hymenoptera are among the many insects that have been transported about the world by human agency. Unlike phytophagous pests and the parasites deliberately introduced to control them, the unknowingly introduced parasites have received little attention. Twenty Ichneumonoidea now found in Canada are listed with evidence that, with various degrees of certainty, shows them to have been unknowingly introduced from Europe.
INDUCTION AND TERMINATION OF DIAPAUSE IN THE FACE FLY, MUSCA AUTUMNALIS (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE), IN THE LABORATORY
Authors: Caldwell E. T. N. , Wright R. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDiapause induction studies showed that face flies, Musca autumnalis De Geer, from a recently established colony, entered diapause more readily than those that had been colonized for many years. Photoperiods of less than 16 h of light induced diapause at 16° and 27 °C but more flies entered diapause at 16°C. Maximum numbers of flies entered diapause under total darkness at 16°C, but the critical photoperiod corresponding to natural periods of daylight in late summer was 15 h of light at 16°C. Diapause termination studies indicated that 4 months’ exposure to 5 °C under total darkness was required for the termination of diapause.
EFFECT OF CONSTANT TEMPERATURES ON THE NUMBER OF LARVAL INSTARS OF THE ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH, GRAPHOLITHA MOLESTA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Roberts W. P. , Proctor Jean R. , Phillips J. H. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLaboratory tests, at constant temperatures, were conducted to evaluate quantitatively the influence of temperature on development of the Oriental fruit moth, Grapholitha molesta (Busck). The results showed that at the highest temperature (30°C) some larvae had four instars and some had five, indicating a mixed population. Fifth instar larvae developed only at the highest temperature (30°C) where larval development was also most rapid. It can, therefore, be assumed that the Oriental fruit moth has four distinct larval instars when reared in the laboratory at 15°–24 °C.
THE POTENTIAL FOR ESTABLISHMENT OF THE EGG PARASITE OOENCYRTUS KUWANAI IN ONTARIO POPULATIONS OF THE GYPSY MOTH
Authors: Griffiths K.J. , Sullivan C.R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe overwintering adult of Ooencyrtus kuwanai (How.) is susceptible to freezing. Male adults from New Jersey have a mean supercooling point of −9.6 ± 0.37°C, significantly higher than those from Maine (−12.3 ± 1.08°). Neither group had its cold hardiness increased by exposure to sublethal temperatures. Female adults from New Jersey had a mean supercooling point of −10.8 ± 0.69° when tested after rearing at 22°C, again significantly higher than that of similarly treated female adults from Maine (−15.4 ± 0.90°). Exposure of New Jersey females to sublethal temperatures decreased their supercooling point significantly, to −14.5 ± 1.59°. Maine female adults were not tested after that treatment. No adults survived continuous exposure to 0°C for 30 days. Hence this parasite is apparently incapable of surviving in the current range of the gypsy moth in Canada.
A MORPHOMETRIC STUDY OF THE TAXONOMIC STATUS OF BOMBUS SANDERSONI (HYMENOPTERA: APIDAE)
Authors: Plowright R. C. , Pallett M. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA re-investigation of the taxonomic status of Bombus sandersoni Fkln. is described. Using multivariate analysis of wing venation data taken from previously identified museum specimens, a non-overlapping separation between sandersoni, B. frigidus F. Sm., and B. vagans F. Sm. was obtained. The Cresson lectotype of B. couperi appears in some respects intermediate between frigidus and sandersoni. Therefore the authors advocate retention of sandersoni as the valid name for the species, while admitting the possibility that this taxon may turn out to be a clinal variant of frigidus.
A SYNOPSIS OF THE NEARCTIC BRACONINI, WITH REVISIONS OF NEARCTIC SPECIES OF COELOIDES AND MYOSOMA (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE)
Authors: Mason W. R. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe 11 genera of Nearctic Braconini are keyed: two of them, Myosoma Brullé with a wide pantropical range and Alienoclypeus Shenefelt, new genus, are found chiefly in the Chihuahuan desert and shrub fauna of northern Mexico and the southwestern U.S.A. and are recorded as Nearctic for the first time. Four new species are described in Myosoma: eumystax, impexum, longius, and durango. R. D. Shenefelt describes a new genus and species, Alienoclypeus insolitus. The genus Atanycolimorpha Viereck, 1913 is synonymized with Ipobracon Thomson, 1892. The genus Coeloides is revised for the Nearctic Region; 12 species are described and illustrated. Five of these are new: mexicanus, durangensis, sympitys, tsugatorus, and sonora. One species, C. rossicus (Kokujev), is Holarctic, a new subspecies, betulae, is described from Canada. The following are new synonyms: C. rufovariegatus (Provancher) = (dendroctoni Cushman), C. vancouverensis (Dalla Torre) = (brunneri Viereck), C. crocator (Kirby) = (promontorii Dalla Torre).
A SEX ATTRACTANT FOR ADULT MALES OF THE PALE WESTERN CUTWORM, AGROTIS ORTHOGONIA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)
Authors: Struble D. L. , Swailes G. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractField testing of a large number of synthetic compounds and many combinations of them revealed that male moths of the pale western cutworm, Agrotis orthogonia Morrison, were attracted to combinations of Z-5-dodecen-1-yl acetate and Z-7-dodecen-1-yl acetate. The most satisfactory attractants were combinations of these two compounds in ratios of 1:2 to 1:5 at 10 to 25 μg/septum dispenser. The effect of the attractant was strongly inhibited by the addition of 21% Z-7-dodecen-1-ol.
A SEX ATTRACTANT FOR MALES OF THE CUTWORM EUXOA PLEURITICA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)
Authors: Steck Warren , Bailey B. K. , Chisholm M. D. , Underhill E. W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMale moths of Euxoa pleuritica (Grote) were strongly attracted to mixtures of Z7-dodecenyl acetate, Z7-dodecenyl alcohol, and Z5-dodecenyl acetate, the optimum ratios being in the range 5:1:1–5:5:1. The attractant worked best at very low dose levels and was entirely species-specific.