bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Degenerative disease of the distal interphalangeal joint and sesamoid bone in calves: 9 cases (1995–2004)
Authors: Mulon Pierre-Yves , Babkine Marie , d'Anjou Marc-André , Girard Christiane , Desrochers André 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome associated with distal interphalangeal joint (DIJ) degenerative disease in calves.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—9 calves with degenerative disease of the DIJ.
Procedures—Medical records of calves with lameness for which the cause had been localized to the distal aspect of a limb but without evidence of trauma or sepsis were included. Signalment and results of physical, lameness, radiographic, and postmortem examinations were recorded. Outcomes of medical and surgical treatments were evaluated.
Results—All 9 calves had forelimb lameness (4 bilaterally). The medial digit was affected in 12 limbs and the lateral digit was affected in 9 limbs. Radiographic examination revealed bridging osteoproliferation along the abaxial and palmar aspects of affected DIJs (18/21), subchondral cyst-like lucencies (19/21), and sclerosis (16/21). The DIJ was resected in 3 calves (7 joints), resulting in resolution of lameness within 3 months. Medical management was attempted in 4 calves (6 joints), and 2 calves (6 joints) did not receive treatment; 5 calves had a normal stance within 5 months. Results of postmortem com-puted tomographic and histologic examination were in accordance with degenerative joint disease processes.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Degenerative disease of the DIJ should be considered in calves with insidious, progressive forelimb lameness. Although the etiology of this process remains undetermined, results of radiographic, computed tomographic, and histologic examinations suggested an underlying developmental anomaly, such as osteochondrosis. Surgical treatment appeared promising on the basis of postop-erative resolution of lameness in all surgically treated calves.
An endoscopic method for identifying sex of hatchling Chinese box turtles and comparison of general versus local anesthesia for coelioscopy
Authors: Hernandez-Divers Stephen J. , Stahl Scott J. , Farrell Raymond 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Objective—To establish a safe and effective endoscopic method for visualizing the gonads and identifying the sex of hatchling Chinese box turtles and to compare the effects of general versus local anesthesia during coelioscopy.
Design—Clinical trial.
Animals—58 hatchling Chinese box turtles (Cuora flavomarginata).
Procedures—Turtles were randomly assigned to be anesthetized with a mixture of ketamine, medetomidine, and morphine (n = 29) or to receive local anesthesia with lidocaine in the prefemoral region (29). Coelioscopy was performed with a rigid 1.9- or 2.7-mm telescope following insufflation with sterile lactated Ringer's solution. Ease of endoscopic sex identification and quality of anesthesia were scored. Body weights were recorded before and 7 and 14 days after surgery.
Results—Gonads were easily visualized and sex was easily identified in all 58 turtles without complications. Endoscopy scores and pre- and postoperative weights did not differ significantly between groups. However, anesthesia scores were significantly worse for animals that received local anesthesia alone, compared with those that underwent general anesthesia. All anesthetized turtles recovered within 21 minutes after administration of the reversal agents, atipamezole and naloxone.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that coelioscopy with a rigid endoscope and lactated Ringer's solution for insufflation was a safe and effective method for identifying the sex of hatchling Chinese box turtles. General anesthesia was effective and effects were rapidly reversible; local anesthesia with lidocaine alone was considered insufficient for coelioscopy.
Extended Lie Algebraic Stability Analysis for Switched Systems with Continuous-Time and Discrete-Time Subsystems
Authors: Zhai Guisheng , Xu Xuping , Lin Hai , Liu Derong 
Published: March 2009

Extended Lie Algebraic Stability Analysis for Switched Systems with Continuous-Time and Discrete-Time SubsystemsWe analyze stability for switched systems which are composed of both continuous-time and discrete-time subsystems. By considering a Lie algebra generated by all subsystem matrices, we show that if all subsystems are Hurwitz/Schur stable and this Lie algebra is solvable, then there is a common quadratic Lyapunov function for all subsystems and thus the switched system is exponentially stable under arbitrary switching. When not all subsystems are stable and the same Lie algebra is solvable, we show that there is a common quadratic Lyapunov-like function for all subsystems and the switched system is exponentially stable under a dwell time scheme. Two numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the result.
Where the Popular Meets the Mundane: The Use of Lists in Personal Zines
Authors: Poletti Anna 
Published: March 2009

What methodologies are required for auto/biography studies to take the popular seriously? This paper will offer a methodology for reading auto/biographical discourse and narrative in a medium of alternative media production, the personal zine. The methodology exemplified in this paper will seek to find synthesis between Gabrielle Helm's call for seriousness and Chris Atton's assertion that, in the case of much alternative media, “mundanity is all there is.”While canonized forms of auto/biography encourage the contemplation of the exceptional, an engagement with the popular inevitably involves an encounter with the banal. Offering an interpretation of the use of lists in a selection of personal zine narratives, I will examine different types of lists and their deployment as a discourse of autobiography. The list will be positioned as means of gesturing both towards the author's possession of particular (sub)cultural capital and as a narrative strategy used to acknowledge the complex dynamics which exist between the self and the popular.
Leaf Anatomical Characteristics in Relation to Grain Yield of Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) Cultivars
Authors: Adhikary SK , Alam MZ , Haider SA , Paul NK 
Published: March 2009

An experiment was carried out to study the variability of leaf anatomical characters of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars and their association with grain yields. Results indicated that in most of the cases cultivar differences were significant. In respect of 6th leaf anatomical characters, simple correlation coefficients indicated that most of the leaf anatomical traits had significant negative relation with grain yield whereas in respect of flag leaf anatomical traits, only the association between radial dimension of big xylem vessel and grain yield was significantly negative and the correlation between number of veins and grain yield was significantly positive. Key words: Leaf anatomy, wheat, yield, correlation Â doi: 10.3329/jbs.v15i0.2156 Â J. bio-sci. 15: 153-158, 2007
Rapid Multiplication of <i>Averrhoa carambola</i> through <i>in vitro</i> culture
Authors: Roy PK , Mamun ANK , Ahmed Golam 
Published: March 2009

Averrhoa carambola L. (Family - Oxalidaceae) is a tropical common evergreen woody fruit plant. It has many commercially exploitable and beneficial attributes. The plant is a native to the south East Asia and presently being grown as a garden tree in all tropical and subtropical countries (Tidbury 1976). The fleshy sweet and sour fruits are widely eaten in Bangladesh. Carambola fruits are rich in reducing sugar, minerals and vitamin C and A (Ghose and Dhua 1990). Carambola is propagated by seeds. Cutting budding and grafting are unsuccessful. Characters of seed propagated plants vary widely among individuals. Micropropagation method is specifically applicable to species in which clonal propagation is needed (Gamborg and Phillips 1995). Rapid clonal propagation of desired genotype is one of many applications of plant tissue culture. Regeneration of plants in vitro from somatic tissue of Averrhoa carambola was first attempted by Litz and Conover (1980). This report was not satisfactory in multiplication rate and establishment of regenerated plantlets in soil. The objective of this paper is to establish an efficient and reproducible method for rapid clonal propagation of Averrhora carambola from aseptically grown seedlings. doi: 10.3329/jbs.v15i0.2161 Â J. bio-sci. 15: 175-179, 2007
Paoli Schwartz, le « dernier prisonnier de guerre allemand » de la Première Guerre mondiale
Authors: Sawicki Gérald 
Published: March 2009

Paoli Schwartz, le « dernier prisonnier de guerre allemand » de la Première Guerre mondiale Fils d’un commissaire de police français révoqué, Paoli Schwartz fut, à la veille de la Première Guerre mondiale, un des meilleurs agents secrets de la Zentralpolizeistelle (bureau central de police) de Strasbourg sous le nom de code d’agent 39. Arrêté et condamné en 1921 aux travaux forcés à perpétuité puis déporté à l’île du Diable en Guyane, il fit ensuite l’objet de campagnes de presse allemandes en sa faveur, le présentant comme « le dernier prisonnier de guerre allemand » encore détenu en France. Des négociations diplomatiques aboutirent à sa libération en 1932 et à son retour triomphal en Allemagne.
La france face au rapatriement des prisonniers de guerre allemands
Authors: d’Abzac-Epezy Claude 
Published: March 2009

La france face au rapatriement des prisonniers de guerre allemands À la fin de l’année 1946 la France détient encore près de 650 000 prisonniers de guerre de l’Axe. Leur travail forcé est considéré comme une forme de réparation en nature. En avril 1947, à la conférence de Moscou, les quatre alliés s’entendent sur un plan de rapatriement : tous les prisonniers de guerre doivent avoir rejoint leur foyer pour la fin de l’année 1948. Comment le gouvernement français réagit-il face à la nécessité de rapatrier cette main-d’œuvre considérée comme indispensable au relèvement de l’économie française ? La tentative de transformer une partie de ces prisonniers en « travailleurs libres » rencontre des obstacles administratifs, politiques, diplomatiques et culturels.
La conception : de la résolution de problèmes à la construction de représentations
Authors: Visser Willemien 
Published: March 2009

DESIGN : FROM PROBLEM SOLVING TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF REPRESENTATIONS Based on Simon (1969/1996)’s approach to design, Goel et Pirolli (1989) defended that design is a generic activity : there are both significant similarities between the design activities implemented in different situations and crucial differences between these and other cognitive activities. The text extends this position in two directions. We present the perspective on design in today’s cognitive design research, and introduce our view of design as a construction of representations. Simon’s view of design as a standard problem-solving activity has been transformed in many cognitive design studies. His discussion of design problems as ill-structured has been elaborated upon. Design involves complex problems that are rarely decomposable into independent sub-problems. Designers often tend to generate, at the very start of a project, a few simple objectives to create an initial solution kernel to which they then are going to stick. However, rather than one, « correct » solution, design problems have several, more or less satisfying solutions. Problem analysis and solution elaboration progress in parallel, rather than in separate, successive stages. Design problems and solutions lack pre-existing, objective evaluation criteria. Reuse is a fundamental strategy. The opportunistic organisation of design continues to be under discussion. According to our view, designing consists in specifying an artefact (the artefact product), given requirements that indicate one or more functions to be fulfilled, and needs and goals to be satisfied by the artefact. At a cognitive level, this specification activity consists of constructing representations of the artefact until they are so precise, concrete, and detailed that the resulting representations specify explicitly and completely the implementation of the artefact product. This construction proceeds through three types of activities : Generating, transforming, and evaluating.
Pourquoi marquer plusieurs fois la prédication « seconde » ? À propos d'une proposition relative singulière, a priori redondante
Authors: Corminboeuf Gilles 
Published: March 2009

Résumé Cette étude porte sur les constructions du type De tendres et doux qu’ils étaient , ses cris devenaient menaçants . Ces tours en { de + adjectif} comportent souvent une proposition relative subordonnée par un adjectif, comme c’est le cas dans l’exemple cité. Notre étude a pour objectif d’identifier les conditions d’apparition de cette relative , à partir d’un corpus de données authentiques. On peut en effet se demander ce qui motive la présence de cette relative, dans la mesure où l’adjectif peut apparaître seul, sans qu’une modification sémantique soit manifeste ( De tendres et doux, ses cris devenaient menaçants ). La préposition de est déjà l’auxiliaire d’une prédication « secondaire » et la relative semble également surajouter une prédication. L’analyse proposée permet de mieux comprendre pourquoi la relative est jugée pertinente et non redondante.
Lewis Acid‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Functionalized Pyrroles
Authors: Attanasi Orazio A. , Berretta Stefano , De Crescentini Lucia , Favi Gianfranco , Giorgi Gianluca , Mantellini Fabio 
Published: March 2009

Abstractmagnified imageThe synthesis of highly functionalized pyrroles is described. The sequence involves the preliminary preparation of α‐aminohydrazones by Michael addition of primary amines to 1,2‐diaza‐1,3‐butadienes. The treatment of these compounds with dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates produces α‐(N‐enamino)‐hydrazones that were converted into the corresponding pyrroles by Lewis acid‐catalyzed ring closure. A screening of several Lewis/Brønsted acid catalysts was also performed.
Chemische und strukturelle Vielfalt der Eumelanine – ein kaum erforschtes optoelektronisches Biopolymer
Authors: d'Ischia Marco , Napolitano Alessandra , Pezzella Alessandro , Meredith Paul , Sarna Tadeusz 
Published: March 2009

AbstractDurch oxidative Polymerisation von 5,6‐Dihydroxyindolen (siehe Schema) entsteht Eumelanin, ein charakteristisch schwarzes, unlösliches Biopolymer mit heterogener Struktur und einzigartigen optoelektronischen Eigenschaften. Ein Strukturmodell wird vorgestellt, und Anwendungsmöglichkeiten werden diskutiert.magnified imageDas charakteristisch schwarze, unlösliche und heterogene Biopolymer Eumelanin hat Generationen von Chemikern, Physikern und Biologen aufgrund seiner Struktur und seines einzigartigen optoelektronischen Verhaltens begeistert. Kürzlich wurden Methoden der organischen Chemie mit Spektroskopietechniken, Bildgebungsmethoden, theoretischen Studien und Methoden aus der Festkörperphysik kombiniert, um die Eigenschaften dieses Materials zu entschlüsseln. Dieser Kurzaufsatz stellt die neuesten Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Eumelaninforschung vor. Dabei geht es nicht nur um die Aufklärung der Funktion von Eumelanin, sondern auch um die Entwicklung effektiver Strategien, um dessen Eigenschaften zu nutzen und eine neue Klasse von Hightech‐Materialien mit natürlichem Vorbild zu schaffen.
Metallfreie organische Farbstoffe für farbstoffsensibilisierte Solarzellen – von Struktur‐Eigenschafts‐Beziehungen zu Designregeln
Authors: Mishra Amaresh , Fischer Markus K. R. , Bäuerle Peter 
Published: March 2009

AbstractEs geht auch ohne Ru: Farbstoffsensibilisierte Solarzellen, die metallfreie organische Farbstoffe enthalten, wurden in den vergangenen Jahren entscheidend verbessert. Mittlerweile haben sich verschiedene Strategien bei der Konstruktion der Farbstoffe etabliert. In diesem Aufsatz werden Struktur‐Eigenschafts‐Effizienz‐Beziehungen aus der Vielzahl publizierter Farbstoffe abgeleitet, die dabei helfen sollen, hocheffiziente Sensibilisatoren zu entwerfen.magnified imageFarbstoffsensibilisierte Solarzellen (dye‐sensitized solar cells, DSSCs) haben in den letzten Jahren beachtliche Aufmerksamkeit auf sich gezogen, weil sie eine Möglichkeit zur kostengünstigen Produktion von Solarenergie darstellen. In diesem Aufsatz konzentrieren wir uns auf aktuelle Fortschritte bei der Entwicklung von funktionellen metallfreien Farbstoffen und deren Anwendung in farbstoffsensibilisierten Solarzellen mit unterschiedlichen Elektrolytsystemen. Ebenso wird die Cosensibilisierung, eine Technik zur Erweiterung des Absorptionsbereichs, als eine Möglichkeit erläutert, die Leistungsfähigkeit von Solarzellen zu verbessern. Zusätzlich berichten wir über invertierte Farbstoffe, die in Photokathoden Verwendung finden und damit einen relativ neuen Ansatz für die Herstellung von Tandemzellen darstellen. Besonderer Wert wurde darauf gelegt, Beziehungen zwischen der Molekülstruktur, den daraus resultierenden physikalischen Eigenschaften und der Leistungsfähigkeit in Solarzellen herauszuarbeiten.
A Supramolecular Polymer as a Self‐Assembling Polyvalent Scaffold
Authors: Müller Marion K. , Brunsveld Luc 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBindung an Bakterien: Diskotische Moleküle aggregieren zu columnaren supramolekularen Polymeren, die über Mannoseeinheiten, die an ihrer Peripherie angebracht sind (orange; siehe Bild), eine starke polyvalente Bindung an Bakterien zeigen. Die reversible Bildung der supramolekularen Polymere ermöglicht ein einfaches Mischen unterschiedlich substituierter Monomere und die Optimierung der Bakterienaggregation.magnified image
A Dimeric Magnesium(I) Compound as a Facile Two‐Center/Two‐Electron Reductant
Authors: Bonyhady Simon J. , Green Shaun P. , Jones Cameron , Nembenna Sharanappa , Stasch Andreas 
Published: March 2009

AbstractVielseitig reduzierend: Ein dimerer Magnesium(I)‐Komplex wirkt als ein selektives Zweizentren‐Zweielektronen‐Reduktionsmittel gegenüber einer Serie von ungesättigten Substraten (siehe Schema; Ar=2,6‐iPr2C6H3, Ad=1‐Adamantyl). Die neuartigen reduzierten oder reduktiv gekuppelten Produkte stellen eine weite Verbreitung von Magnesium(I)‐Verbindungen in organischen und metallorganischen Synthesen in Aussicht.magnified image
Sand im Getriebe – Inhibition der RNA‐Polymerase
Authors: Haebich Dieter , von Nussbaum Franz 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSchlüsselfunktion: Der Naturstoff Myxopyronin A ist der Schlüssel zum Verständnis der Inhibition der bakteriellen RNA‐Polymerase und eine hervorragende Basis für die Konzeption neuer Antibiotika gegen Tuberkulose und andere Infektionskrankheiten.magnified image
PELDOR Spectroscopy Distance Fingerprinting of the Octameric Outer‐Membrane Protein Wza from Escherichia coli.
Authors: Hagelueken Gregor , Ingledew W. John , Huang Hexian , Petrovic‐Stojanovska Biljana , Whitfield Chris , ElMkami Hassane , Schiemann Olav , Naismith James H. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractDistance fingerprinting: Pulsed electron–electron double resonance spectroscopy (PELDOR) is applied to the octameric membrane protein complex Wza of E. coli. The data yielded a detailed distance fingerprint of its periplasmic region that compares favorably to the crystal structure. These results provide the foundation to study conformation changes from interaction with partner proteins.magnified image
Synthesis of Orthorhombic Mo‐V‐Sb Oxide Species by Assembly of Pentagonal Mo6O21 Polyoxometalate Building Blocks
Authors: Sadakane Masahiro , Yamagata Keiko , Kodato Katsunori , Endo Keisuke , Toriumi Koshiro , Ozawa Yoshiki , Ozeki Tomoji , Nagai Takuro , Matsui Yoshio , Sakaguchi Norihito , Pyrz William D. , Buttrey Douglas J. , Blom Douglas A. , Vogt Thomas , Ueda Wataru 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMix and match: The pentagonal [Mo6O21]n− polyoxomolybdate building block assembles with other sources of Mo, V, and Sb ions to form an orthorhombic Mo‐V‐Sb oxide. The first single‐crystal X‐ray analysis of an orthorhombic Mo–V‐based oxide, a promising catalyst for light alkane selective oxidation known as the “M1 phase”, revealed the structure of the compound.magnified image
Bidirectional Chemo‐Switching of Spin State in a Microporous Framework
Authors: Ohba Masaaki , Yoneda Ko , Agustí Gloria , Muñoz M. Carmen , Gaspar Ana B. , Real José A. , Yamasaki Mikio , Ando Hideo , Nakao Yoshihide , Sakaki Shigeyoshi , Kitagawa Susumu 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe ins and outs of spin: Using the microporous coordination polymer {Fe(pz)[Pt(CN)4]} (1, pz=pyrazine), incorporating spin‐crossover subunits, two‐directional magnetic chemo‐switching is achieved at room temperature. In situ magnetic measurements following guest vapor injection show that most guest molecules transform 1 from the low‐spin (LS) state to the high‐spin (HS) state, whereas CS2 uniquely causes the reverse HS‐to‐LS transition.magnified image
A Dimeric Magnesium(I) Compound as a Facile Two‐Center/Two‐Electron Reductant
Authors: Bonyhady Simon J. , Green Shaun P. , Jones Cameron , Nembenna Sharanappa , Stasch Andreas 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe odd couple: A dimeric magnesium(I) complex acts as a facile and selective two‐center/two‐electron reductant towards a series of unsaturated substrates (see scheme; Ar=2,6‐iPr2C6H3, Ad=1‐adamantyl). The novel reduced or reductively coupled products obtained from these reductions suggest that magnesium(I) compounds may find wide use in organic and organometallic syntheses.magnified image
Syntheses, Photophysics, and Application of Iridium(III) Phosphorescent Emitters for Highly Efficient, Long‐Life Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Lee Tsang‐Chi , Chang Chiung‐Fang , Chiu Yuan‐Chieh , Chi Yun , Chan Tzu‐Ying , Cheng Yi‐Ming , Lai Chin‐Hung , Chou Pi‐Tai , Lee Gene‐Hsiang , Chien Chen‐Han , Shu Ching‐Fong , Leonhardt Jens 
Published: March 2009

AbstractLong live the OLED! Rational design and synthesis of IrIII complexes bearing two cyclometalated ligands (C N) and one 2‐(diphenylphosphino)phenolate chelate (P O) as well as the corresponding IrIII derivatives with only one (C N) ligand and two P O chelates are reported. According to the observed photophysical data, a P O ligand is found to be able to fine‐tune the light‐emitting electronic transition of these complexes.magnified imageRational design and synthesis of IrIII complexes (1–3) bearing two cyclometalated ligands (C^N) and one 2‐(diphenylphosphino)phenolate chelate (P^O) as well as the corresponding IrIII derivatives (4–6) with only one (C^N) ligand and two P^O chelates are reported, where (C^NH)=phenylpyridine (ppyH), 1‐phenylisoquinoline (piqH), and 4‐phenylquinazoline (nazoH). Single crystal X‐ray diffraction studies of 3 reveal a distorted octahedral coordination geometry, in which two nazo ligands adopt an eclipsed configuration, with the third P^O ligand located trans to the phenyl group of both nazo ligands, confirming the general skeletal pattern for 1–3. In sharp contrast, complex 4 reveals a trans‐disposition for the PPh2 groups, along with the phenolate groups residing opposite the unique cyclometalated ppy ligand, which is the representative structure for 4–6. These IrIII complexes exhibit green‐to‐red photoluminescence with moderate to high quantum efficiencies in the degassed fluid state and bright emission in the solid state. For 1–6, the resolved emission spectroscopy and relaxation dynamics are well rationalized by the computational approach. OLEDs fabricated using 12 wt. % of 3 doped in CBP and with BCP as hole blocking material, give bright electroluminescence with λmax=628 nm and CIExy coordinates (0.65, 0.34). The turn‐on voltage is 3.2 V, while the current efficiency and the power efficiency reach 11.2 cd A−1 and 4.5 lm W−1 at 20 mA cm−2. The maximum efficiency reaches 14.7 cd A−1and 6.8 lm W−1 upon switching to TPBI as hole blocking material. For evaluating device lifespan, the tested device incorporating CuPc as a passivation layer, 3 doped in CTP as an emitting layer, and BAlq as hole blocking material, shows a remarkably long lifetime up to 36 000 h at an initial luminance of 500 cd m−2.