bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ACANTHOMOLA PUBESCENS, A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF HEPTAGENIIDAE (EPHEMEROPTERA) FROM WESTERN CANADA
Authors: Whiting Eric R. , Lehmkuhl D.M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAcanthomola pubescens, a new genus and species of Heptageniidae (Ephemeroptera), is described from larvae collected in Saskatchewan and Alberta. Acanthomola superficially resembles Bleptus, Epeorus, and Raptoheptagenia, but differs from these genera, and all other heptageniids, in the structure of the mandibles and maxillae. The molar area of the mandible is greatly reduced and bears only a few stout spines. The crown of the maxillary galea-lacinia is rounded and lacks setae near the apex. The apical segment of the maxillary palpus is long, slender, and bare. Generic and specific descriptions of the larva of A. pubescens, gen. nov., sp. no v., are given, along with biological notes. Acanthomola appears to be a very primitive heptageniid, related to Bleptus, Epeorus, and Ironodes. It is probably most closely related to Spinadis.
ABUNDANCE, WINTER SURVIVAL, AND SPRING EMERGENCE OF FLEA BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) IN A MANITOBA GROVE
Authors: Turnock W.J. , Lamb R.J. , Bilodeau R.J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAdult flea beetles, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze), P. striolata (F.), and Psylliodes punctulata Melsh., overwintering in the litter of a riverbank forest at Winnipeg, Manitoba, varied in density from about 1.4 million to 2.5 million beetles per hectare from 1979 to 1983. Phyllotreta cruciferae was the most abundant species (78–92%) and P. striolata next (6–22%) in litter samples collected in the late autumn, just before the ground froze. The distribution of beetles was highly aggregated (variance/mean ratio > 1.0) for P. cruciferae and P. striolata in years of high density but this ratio was 1.0 (random distribution) when densities were below 1.0 per square metre. Density was positively related to the amount of litter and increased from the edge to the center on the south side of the grove. On the north side, densities were highest at the edge of the grove. Survival in the litter during the autumn was generally lower and more variable than during the winter or spring periods. Survival in the litter during the 4 years ranged from 0.22 to 0.46 for P. cruciferae and from 0.31 to 0.83 for P. striolata. Temperature, through its effect on the time of emergence of adults in late summer and autumn, may affect their ability to survive the onset of cold weather.
A SIMULATION MODEL OF HOUSE FLY (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE) DEVELOPMENT IN POULTRY MANURE
Authors: Lysyk T.J. , Axtell R.C. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDevelopmental times were determined at constant temperatures for egg–larval (prepupal) and egg–larval–adult (preadult) house flies in poultry manure. Developmental time decreased as temperature increased but declined at temperatures above 35°C. The average time from oviposition to pupation ranged from 26.8 days at 16°C to 5.2 days at 35°C, and the average time to adult emergence ranged from 43.1 to 8.8 days. Pupae were formed at 41°C, but no adults emerged above 38°C. The relationship between developmental rate and temperature was determined and used in a rate summation model to simulate prepupal and preadult developmental times in poultry manure, with manure bed temperature as input. The model was tested on the basis of developmental times determined in a poultry house during the fly-breeding season. The observed mean time to pupation under field temperatures ranged from 6.7 to 15.6 days, and adult emergence required from 12.5 to 27.1 days. Simulations were closest to the observed times when actual manure bed temperatures were used as input; however, soil temperatures obtained from a nearby weather station also provided satisfactory simulation results after an empirical correction was used.
CIRCULIFER TENELLUS (BAKER), THE BEET LEAFHOPPER (HOMOPTERA: CICADELLIDAE): LABORATORY STUDIES ON FECUNDITY AND LONGEVITY
Authors: Meyerdirk D.E. , Moratorio M.S. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractCirculifer tenellus (Baker) has a mean preoviposition period of 13.1, 8.2, 6.4, and 5.0 days when held at 20, 25, 28, and 32°C, respectively. The fecundity of C. tenellus averaged 105.0, 98.9, 115.7, and 196.9 eggs per female when held under the same temperatures, respectively. The longevity of the adult C. tenellus females when held under constant conditions of 20, 25, 28, and 32°C averaged 58.1, 52.7, 41.9, and 44.8 days, respectively. Fluctuating temperatures of 19–36°C under greenhouse conditions resulted in a mean preoviposition of 10.7 days and a fecundity rate of 163.4 eggs per female with females living an average of 96.3 days with a longevity range of 142 days.
EFFICACY OF VARIOUS BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS BERLINER VAR. KURSTAKI FORMULATIONS AND DOSAGES IN THE FIELD AGAINST THE HEMLOCK LOOPER, LAMBDINA FISCELLARIA FISCELLARIA (GUEN.) (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE), IN NEWFOUNDLAND
Authors: West R.J. , Raske A.G , Retnakaran A. , Lim K.P. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAerially applied Thuricide 48LV, Thuricide 64B, Futura XLV, and water-based formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner var. kurstaki (B.t.), were tested for effectiveness to control the hemlock looper, Lambdina fiscellaria fiscellaria (Guen.), in balsam fir, Abies balsamea (L.) Mill., stands. Thuricide 64B, applied twice at a dosage of 30 Billion International Units (BIU) per hectare in 1.78 L/ha, was the most effective, reducing the larval population by 100%.
FIELD EVALUATION OF CARBOFURAN BAIT AGAINST GRASSHOPPER (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE) POPULATIONS IN SASKATCHEWAN,
Authors: Ewen Al B. , Mukerji M.K. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe dosage of carbofuran as a bait required to reduce third-instar grasshopper populations to non-economic levels (5–10 grasshoppers per square metre in short mixed grass hay pasture) was considerably lower than the recommended rate for spray application. The results from 2 years’ field trials showed that 35.0 g active ingredient per hectare as a bait would reduce grasshopper populations by about 70%, 3 days after application.
MONITORING POPULATION LEVELS OF EIGHT SPECIES OF NOCTUIDS WITH SEX-ATTRACTANT TRAPS IN SOUTHERN ALBERTA, 1978–1983: SPECIFICITY OF ATTRACTANTS AND EFFECT OF TARGET SPECIES ABUNDANCE
Authors: Byers J.R. , Struble D.L. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe abundances of eight species of cutworm and armyworm moths were monitored with sex-attractant traps at 81 locations in a 13 000-km2 area of southern Alberta from 1978 to 1983. The life history and economic status of each species is summarized and the monitoring methodology is described. The attractants for redbacked cutworm (Euxoa ochrogaster), darksided cutworm (Euxoa messoria), pale western cutworm (Agrotis orthogonia), and army cutworm (Euxoa auxiliaris) were highly specific and > 99% of the moths caught were of the target species. Specificity of the attractants for clover cutworm (Discestra trifolii) and Leucania commoides was also high, averaging 98.3 and 96.6%, respectively, over 6 years. The attractants for variegated cutworm (Peridroma soucia) and bertha armyworm (Mamestra configurata) were less specific but the proportion of target species exceeded 80% in those years when either species was relatively abundant. For those species that were monitored over a wide range of population levels, the apparent specificity of the attractant varied directly with the number of target species moths caught. The use of efficient attractants in combination with high-capacity nonsaturating traps is clearly of advantage in enhancing specificity.
MONITORING POPULATION LEVELS OF EIGHT SPECIES OF NOCTUIDS WITH SEX-ATTRACTANT TRAPS IN SOUTHERN ALBERTA, 1978–1983: CONSISTENCY OF TRAP CATCHES AND PRECISION OF POPULATION ESTIMATES
Authors: Byers J.R. , Struble D.L. , Schaalje G.B. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSex-attractant traps were used to monitor the relative abundances of eight species of cutworm and army worm moths at 81 locations in a 13 000-km2 (5000-mi2) area of southern Alberta from 1978 to 1983. Clover cutworm (Discestra trifolii (Hufn.)), variegated cutworm (Peridroma saucia (Hbn.)), bertha armyworm (Mamestra configurata Wlk.), and Leucania commoides Gn. were monitored during spring and early summer, and redbacked cutworm (Euxoa ochrogaster (Gn.)), darksided cutworm (Euxoa messoria (Harr.)), pale western cutworm (Agrotis orthogonia Morr.), and army cutworm (Euxoa auxiliaris (Grt.)) during late summer and fall.The ranking of moth catches among locations within years was highly consistent, indicating that the spatial pattern of abundance within the survey area remained stable during each flight period. The corollary is that differences in population levels among locations were being consistently detected. Most of the species also exhibited a considerable degree of consistency of pattern of abundance between consecutive years and to some extent over all years.Estimates of the variability associated with individual traps, between duplicate traps, and among locations were obtained for each species. The within-location variability was always much less than the among-location variability, indicating that a meaningful measure of the relative population level at each location was being obtained. When abundance levels approached economic thresholds the likelihood of moth catches in duplicate traps being within 20% of the mean catch for a location was usually greater than 80%. Year-to-year differences in mean trap catches were frequently significant at the 95% confidence level and the monitoring system could detect relatively small changes in population level between years. Season cumulative trap catches are a composite measure of abundance and the mate-searching activity of males. Weather conditions that restrict male activity are also likely to reduce oviposition by females. Cumulative trap catches may therefore be closely correlated with realized fecundity.
DIFFERENCES IN POST-DIAPAUSE THERMAL REQUIREMENTS FOR EGGS OF TWO RANGELAND GRASSHOPPERS
Authors: Kemp William P. , Sánchez Norma E. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA study was conducted to examine the springtime hatching characteristics of Melanoplus sanguinipes (F.) and Aulocara elliotti (Thomas) eggs on rangeland. Laboratory experiments showed that eggs of M. sanguinipes required fewer accumulated degree days (DD) to complete post-diapause development than those of A. elliotti at a constant temperature of 23.3°C. Springtime field observations revealed that A. elliotti nymphs emerged prior to or concurrent with M. sanguinipes. Additionally, results suggest that A. elliotti nymphs emerge over a shorter interval than M. sanguinipes. Much of the variation in springtime emergence could be attributed to species-specific oviposition sites, pod depth, and pod orientation that resulted in A. elliotti eggs accumulating heat more rapidly than M. sanguinipes eggs. Results help explain some of the variation found in egg hatching of these two grasshopper species on rangeland.
LEAFHOPPER FAUNA OF NEWFOUNDLAND AND CAPE BRETON ISLANDS (RHYNCHOTA: HOMOPTERA: CICADELLIDAE)
Authors: Hamilton K.G.A. , Langor D.W. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe faunas of Newfoundland and Cape Breton include 217 leafhopper species, of which 24 are introduced and 65 are native, common to both islands. Newfoundland has 116 species, of which 86 are new provincial records and 2 are new nearctic records of introduced European species. Cape Breton has 172 species, of which 109 are new records for Nova Scotia. A species previously known as far north as Virginia was found in Cape Breton, 2 New England species were found as far north as Newfoundland, 2 high boreal species were found as far south as Cape Breton, and 42 species previously known from west of Maine were found as far east as Cape Breton. One new subspecies and 14 new species are described: Cosmotettix unica, Oncopsis minor terranovae and Typhlocyba (Edwardsiana) unicorn from Newfoundland, Colladonus balius, Cribrus micmac, and Typhlocyba (Zonocyba) hollandi from Cape Breton, Oncopsis speciosa from both islands, Erythroneura maritima and M. inundatus from the Gulf of St. Lawrence region, Limotettix (Ophiolix) schedia, Latalus (Jassargus) remotus and Macrosteles galeae from eastern bogs, and Empoasca volsella, E. zanclus and Kyboasca papyriferae from Cape Breton westward across Canada. Three new synonyms are created: Amphigonalia Young, 1977 = Neokolla Melichar, 1926, Scaphytopius sarissus Beirne, 1952 = S. cinnamoneus (Osborn, 1915), and Typhlocyba frigida Hamilton, 1983 = T. tersa Edwards, 1914. Three genera are reduced to subgenera: Jassargus Zachvatkin, 1953 in Latalus DeLong & Sleesman, 1929, Lemellus Oman, 1949 in Sorhoanus Ribaut, 1946, and Scleroracus Van Duzee, 1894 in Limotettix Sahlberg, 1871. New World species formerly placed in Agallia Curtis are transferred to Agalliota Oman. Oncopsis prairiana Hamilton, 1983 and its subspecies are made subspecies of O. minor (Fitch 1851). The composition of the faunas of the two islands is compared with those of adjacent areas of the mainland, and evidence is found for an offshore glacial refugium.
THE POTENTIAL OF HETERORHABDITID NEMATODES AS CONTROL AGENTS OF ROOT WEEVILS
Authors: Rutherford T.A. , Trotter D. , Webster J.M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractGreenhouse and field trials were done to determine the potential ofHeterorhabditis heliothidis(Khan, Brooks and Hirschmann) Poinar (NC19 strain), an undescribedHeterorhabditissp. (NC447 strain), andSteinernema feltiaeFilipjev (A32−6 strain) to control British Columbia populations of black vine weevil (Otiorhyncus sulcatusFab.) and strawberry root weevil (O.ovatusL.). An outdoor application ofH.heliothidisapplied at rates of 500 and 5000 nematodes per litre of soil gave significantly better control of black vine weevil larvae on potted, lodgepole pine trees (Pinus contortaDougl.) than did a diazinon drench. Under greenhouse conditionsHeterorhabditissp. NC447 was the most effective nematode of the three tested againstO.ovatuson potted, Douglas-fir seedlings (Pseudotsuga menziesii(Mirb.) Franco) andS.feltiaethe least effective, at all dose rates tested. A field trial usingH.heliothidisagainstO.ovatusin a forest nursery did not provide a significant degree of weevil control. This lack of control is attributed to the average outdoor temperature (11 °C) during the treatment period, which was below the nematode’s optimum temperature range, and the higher-than-average rainfall.
A TRAP/SAMPLING UNIT FOR EAR-FEEDING BLACK FLIES
Authors: Schmidtmann E.T. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe construction of a simulated-ear-insect-trap (SEIT) for ear-feeding black flies is described. The SEIT, which consists of a styrofoam container with dry ice and a mock sticky ear mounted on a tripod, was developed to capture Simulium jenningsi Malloch and S. vittatum Zett., both widespread pests of livestock. SEIT units set on horse farms within 5 km north of the Potomac River in south-central Maryland, USA (n = 36 samples of 30 min each), consistently captured S. jenningsi and S. vittatum ( and 7.1 per sample, respectively), whereas units set simultaneously on farms > 5 km north of the river (n = 99 samples of 30 min each) captured progressively fewer individuals of both species.
CAUSES AND ECOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS OF EGG RETENTION IN THE GYPSY MOTH, LYMANTRIA DISPAR (L.) (LEPIDOPTERA: LYMANTRIIDAE).
Authors: Barbosa Pedro , Martinat Peter 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe role of starvation, the occurrence of mating, and delays and the onset of mating on the retention of eggs by the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), were evaluated. The mating status of female gypsy moths did influence egg retention.Mating delays did not affect egg retention. Differences in the number of females retaining some eggs were found among females whose larvae had been reared on different host plants. The amount of food consumed had a significant effect on egg retention. Partial starvation had an impact on egg retention and on larval and pupal development, pupal size, and total egg production. The greater the starvation the greater the egg retention. The ecological implications of these results are discussed.
THE NUMBER OF INSTARS IN JACK PINE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA PINUS PINUS FREE. (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), AND THE EFFECT OF PARASITISM ON HEAD CAPSULE WIDTH AND DEVELOPMENT TIME
Authors: Nealis Vincent 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe larvae of jack pine budworm, Choristoneura pinus pinus Free., were reared individually on diet in the laboratory. Observation of ecdysis and measurement of the corresponding head capsules identified seven distinct instars. Parasitism by the common larval parasitoid Apanteles fumiferanae Vier. resulted in smaller head capsule size and retarded development during the fourth, fifth, and sixth instars of the jack pine bud worm.
PATTERNS IN MAYFLY (EPHEMEROPTERA) WING LENGTH: ADAPTATION TO DISPERSAL?
Authors: Corkum Lynda D. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractUsing regression analysis on data compiled from the literature, I compared relationships (forewing versus body length) of mayfly imagoes, as a measure of dispersal, between suborders (Schistonota and Pannota) and among habitat type (lotic, lentic, and mixed). There were no significant differences in slopes or intercepts of the regression lines between sexes. Forewing length changed less markedly with body size for species within the ancestral Schistonota than the Pannota. Regression lines for lake and river forms intersect at 7.85 mm (wing length) and 7.30 mm (body length). Small (body length < 7.3 mm) lentic mayflies have proportionately longer wings than small riverine forms. Large (body length > 7.3 mm) riverine mayflies have proportionately longer wings than lentic forms. Based on these relationships, small lake-dwelling mayflies and large riverine mayflies are best able to disperse. Mayfly species occurring in mixed (both rivers and lakes) habitats exhibited allometric relationships similar to mayflies restricted to rivers.
PARASITIC WATER MITE LARVAE (HYDRACHNIDA: HYGROBATOIDEA) ASSOCIATED WITH CADDISFLY LARVAE (TRICHOPTERA: LEPTOCERIDAE, LIMNEPHILIDAE)
Authors: Fairchild Wayne L. , Lewis David J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn the course of benthic sampling during 1981 and 1982 in Lake St. Louis, Que., 28 water mite larvae (Hygrobatidae: Hygrobates) were found parasitizing caddisfly larvae (Leptoceridae: Nectopsyche, Oecetis, Ceraclea). Two other water mite larvae (Unionicolidae: Unionicola) also were found: one on Nectopsyche from Lake St. Louis, and the other on Limnephilus (Limnephilidae) from the Magundy Stream, N.B. Prevalence of parasitism ranged from 8 to 42%. Mite distribution among available hosts suggests host selection by the mites or the absence of mites from certain microhabitats. Parasitism of fully submerged insect larvae by mite larvae represents a further derivation from ancestral behavior patterns. This paper describes five of the seven documented cases of such parasitism on Trichoptera larvae.
DESCRIPTION OF THE LARVA OFHELLUOMORPHOIDES PRAEUSTUS BICOLORHARRIS WITH COMMENTS ON THE RELATIONSHIPS OF THE HELLUONINI (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE)
Authors: Bousquet Yves 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe larva ofHelluomorphoides praeustus bicolorHarris is described and illustrated from two specimens. This is the first larva ofHelluomorphoidesBall, a New World genus belonging to the tribe Helluonini, described although parts of an undetermined species of the genus were figured by Thompson (1979). Analysis of larval characters of the tribes Helluonini and Anthiini supports the hypothesis that these two groups are closely related. At least three autapomorphic character states are identified for members of Helluonini and Anthiini: the antacoria between the antennomeres II and III is represented by a suture or is absent; the stipes has a medial excrescence which may or may not be fused with the first galeomere; and the urogomphi are stout, fixed dorsally to the ninth tergite, and possess numerous long setae in the first instar. The sister group of the Helluonini–Anthiini lineage could not be identified but a number of the synapomorphies of this complex also occur in the Galeritini and Pseudomorphini.
ANARTA CORDIGERA (THUNBERG) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE: HADENINAE), A SPECIES COMPLEX
Authors: Lafontaine J.D. , Mikkola K. , Kononenko V.S. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe status of Anarta cordigera (Thunberg, 1788), formerly treated as a circumboreal holarctic species, is reassessed in the light of characters of the male vesica and female bursa copulatrix. Populations are arranged in four species: A. cordigera in Europe; A. carbonaria Christoph, 1893 in Siberia and the Far East; A. luteola Grote and Robinson, 1865 in North America; and A. macrostigma Lafontaine and Mikkola, new species, in western North America. Adults and genitalia are illustrated for the four species.
EVALUATION OF THE NEMATODE, STEINERNEMA FELTIAE FILIPJEV, FOR THE CONTROL OF THE CRUCIFER FLEA BEETLE, PHYLLOTRETA CRUCIFERAE (GOEZE) (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)
Authors: Morris O.N. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWater suspensions of the entomogenous nematode, Steinernema feltiae Filipjev (“All” strain), were applied to the soil of caged microplot stands of canola, Brassica napus L. cv. Tower, colonized by overwintering adults of the crucifer flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze), at the rate of about 1 × 106 infective juveniles per 0.8 m2 soil surface. Single treatments, which were applied before and after the colonization, did not affect the flea beetle adults or their progeny as evidenced by the number of new generation adults that subsequently emerged from the soil. Bioassays with wax moth larvae, Galleria melonella (Linn.), showed that the infectivity of nematodes in the soil declined sharply within 6 days of treatment. High concentrations of the herbicide Treflan®, with which the soil was treated, did not affect the infectivity of the nematodes. Under the conditions of the test, S. feltiae appeared to have no potential as a biological control agent for the crucifer flea beetle.
THE EUROPEAN YELLOW UNDERWING, NOCTUA PRONUBA L. (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE), IN THE ATLANTIC PROVINCES (CANADA) AND THE STATE OF MAINE (USA)
Authors: Wright Barry 
Published: November 2009

AbstractNoctua pronuba L. is now abundant in central Nova Scotia and has become established throughout the province, on Sable Island, Prince Edward Island, and in Newfoundland. Sporadic records indicate that this species has become established in New Brunswick and is spreading into Maine. Light-trap records illustrate the rapid population increase in Nova Scotia and the spread throughout the Atlantic Provinces.
HYLURGOPINUS RUFIPES (EICHHOFF) (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE): ATTRACTION TO BROODWOOD, HOST COLONIZATION BEHAVIOR, AND SEASONAL ACTIVITY IN CENTRAL MINNESOTA
Authors: Swedenborg Paul D. , Jones Richard L. , Ascerno Mark E. , Landwehr Val R. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractField tests, using bolts of American elm trees either uninfested or infested with laboratory-reared or feral Hylurgopinus rufipes (Eichhoff), the native elm bark beetle, were conducted to evaluate colonization behavior of the beetle. The data confirm that (1) colonization of elm by H. rufipes can be accounted for by host attractants alone; (2) overwintered adult H. rufipes are attracted to broodwood (moribund or recently cut elm) in the spring, but summer-emergent adults are attracted to healthy elm; and (3) H. rufipes attacks broodwood primarily during evening beetle flights, and females initiate the gallery. A beetle-produced sex pheromone may be involved in the male–female pairing on broodwood.
STP® AS AN ADHESIVE ON TRAPS USED TO MONITOR FOR ALATE GREEN PEACH APHIDS, MYZUS PERSICAE (SULZER) (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)
Authors: Frazer B.D. , Vernon R.S. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA cardboard trap, painted yellow and coated with STP® oil treatment, was more efficient in trapping Myzus persicae (Sulzer) than water traps using Stickem®. STP-coated traps were more selective than Stickem-coated traps for small insects and caught more aphids per unit area than did water traps. Aphids were identified in situ on STP traps more quickly than from water traps or traps coated with Stickem.