bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteomic analysis of the maize rachis: Potential roles of constitutive and induced proteins in resistance to Aspergillus flavus infection and aflatoxin accumulation
Authors: Pechanova Olga , Pechan Tibor , Williams W. Paul , Luthe Dawn S. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractInfection of the maize (Zea mays L.) with aflatoxigenic fungus Aspergillus flavus and consequent contamination with carcinogenic aflatoxin is a persistent and serious agricultural problem causing disease and significant crop losses worldwide. The rachis (cob) is an important structure of maize ear that delivers essential nutrients to the developing kernels and A. flavus spreads through the rachis to infect kernels within the ear. Therefore, rachis plays an important role in fungal proliferation and subsequent kernel contamination. We used proteomic approaches and investigated the rachis tissue from aflatoxin accumulation resistant (Mp313E and Mp420) and susceptible (B73 and SC212m) maize inbred lines. First, we compared rachis proteins from resistant and susceptible inbred lines, which revealed that the young resistant rachis contains higher levels of abiotic stress‐related proteins and proteins from phenylpropanoid metabolism, whereas susceptible young rachis contains pathogenesis‐related proteins, which are generally inducible upon biotic stress. Second, we identified A. flavus‐responsive proteins in rachis of both resistant and susceptible genotypes after 10‐ and 35‐day infection. Differential expression of many stress/defense proteins during rachis juvenility, maturation and after A. flavus challenge demonstrates that resistant rachis relies on constitutive defenses, while susceptible rachis is more dependent on inducible defenses.
A novel strategy for the targeted analysis of protein and peptide metabolites
Authors: Williamson Nicholas A. , Reilly Charles , Tan Chor‐Teck , Ramarathinam Sri‐Harsha , Jones Alun , Hunter Christie L. , Rooney Francis R. , Purcell Anthony W. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn many biological applications such as epitope discovery or drug metabolism studies, the detection of naturally processed exogenous proteins (e.g. vaccines or peptide therapeutics) and their metabolites is frequently complicated by the presence of a complex endogenous mixture of closely related or even identical compounds. We describe a method that incorporates stable isotope labelling of the protein of interest, allowing the selective screening of the intact molecule and all metabolites using a modified precursor ion scan. This method involves monitoring the low‐molecular‐weight fragment ions produced during MS/MS that distinguish isotopically labelled peptides from related endogenous compounds. All isotopically labelled peptides can be selected using this method. The technique makes no assumptions about the processed or post‐translational state of the peptide, and hence can selectively screen out modified peptides that would otherwise be missed by single reaction monitoring approaches. This method does not replace single reaction monitoring or regular precursor scanning techniques; instead, it is a method that can be used when the assumptions required for the former two techniques cannot be predicted. The potential for this technique to be used in metabolism and pharmacokinetic experiments is discussed with specific examples looking at the metabolism of α‐synuclein in serum and the brain.
Quantum‐Dot‐Encoded Microbeads for Multiplexed Genetic Detection of Non‐amplified DNA Samples
Authors: Gao Yali , Stanford William L. , Chan Warren C. W. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBarcoding technologies have become the basis for a new generation of molecular diagnostic platforms for measuring biomarkers in a high‐throughput, rapid, and sensitive manner. Thus far, researchers have mainly focused on preparing different types of barcodes but, in order to use them optimally in genomic‐ and proteomic‐based applications, there is a need to understand the effect of barcode and assay parameters on their performance. Herein, quantum‐dot barcodes are systematically characterized for the detection of non‐amplified DNA sequences. The effect of capture probes, reporter probes, and target DNA sequence lengths are studied, as well as the effect of the amount of noncomplementary sequences on the hybridization kinetics and efficiency. From DNA denaturation to signal detection, quantum‐dot‐barcode assays require less than one hour to detect a target DNA sequence with a linear dynamic range of 0.02–100 fmol. Three optically distinct quantum‐dot barcodes are used to demonstrate the multiplexing capability of these barcodes for genomic detection. These results suggest that quantum‐dot barcodes are an excellent platform for multiplex, rapid, and sensitive genetic detection.
Evolutionary TBL template generation
Authors: Milidiú Ruy Luiz , Duarte Julio Cesar , Santos Cícero Nogueira dos 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Transformation Based Learning (TBL) is a Machine Learning technique frequently used in some Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. TBL uses rule templates to identify error-correcting patterns. A critical requirement in TBL is the availability of a problem domain expert to build these rule templates. In this work, we propose an evolutionary approach based on Genetic Algorithms to automatically implement the template generation process. Additionally, we report our findings on five experiments with useful NLP tasks. We observe that our approach provides template sets with a mean loss of performance of 0.5% when compared to human built templates
Responses of sugar beet to sulphur fertilizer in England
Authors: JAGGARD K. W. , ZHAO F.-J. 
Published: November 2010

SUMMARYSix field experiments were carried out in eastern England between 2003 and 2005 to test the effect of sulphur (S) fertilizer on the yield of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). The experiments were undertaken at sites where there had previously been a positive response to S in other crops or where no S-containing materials had been applied for more than 20 years. No individual experiment produced a significant positive response to S application, but the treatments that received no S fertilizer produced the smallest yield in five of the six experiments. Analysis across years using restricted maximum likelihood (REML) procedures showed that there was a positive and significant sugar yield response in beet of 0·56 t/ha where positive responses had previously been recorded in other crops grown on these loamy sand soils. Beet crops grown in soils of this type should receive S fertilizer that can be applied conveniently as sufficient ammonium sulphate to supply the first dressing of N.
A forgotten facial nerve tumour: granular cell tumour of the parotid and its implications for treatment
Authors: Lerut B , Vosbeck J , Linder T E 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe present a rare case of a facial nerve granular cell tumour in the right parotid gland, in a 10-year-old boy. A parotid or neurogenic tumour was suspected, based on magnetic resonance imaging. Intra-operatively, strong adhesions to surrounding structures were found, and a midfacial nerve branch had to be sacrificed for complete tumour removal. Recent reports verify that granular cell tumours arise from Schwann cells of peripheral nerve branches. The rarity of this tumour within the parotid gland, its origin from peripheral nerves, its sometimes misleading imaging characteristics, and its rare presentation with facial weakness and pain all have considerable implications on the surgical strategy and pre-operative counselling. Fine needle aspiration cytology may confirm the neurogenic origin of this lesion. When resecting the tumour, the surgeon must anticipate strong adherence to the facial nerve and be prepared to graft, or sacrifice, certain branches of this nerve.
Effect of central compartment neck dissection on hypocalcaemia incidence after total thyroidectomy for carcinoma
Authors: Mitra I , Nichani J R , Yap B , Homer J J 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIntroduction:Central compartment neck dissection is increasingly performed as part of surgical management of differentiated thyroid carcinoma. However, elective central neck dissection remains controversial due to complications and lack of evidence of survival benefit.Objective:To investigate and compare rates of transient and permanent hypocalcaemia following total thyroidectomy alone, compared with total thyroidectomy with central neck dissection, for differentiated thyroid carcinoma.Methods:Retrospective study of 127 consecutive patients referred with differentiated thyroid carcinoma, 2004–2006; 78 patients had undergone total thyroidectomy (group one) and 49 total thyroidectomy with central compartment node dissection (group two). Surgery was performed in various hospitals by both otolaryngologists and endocrine surgeons.Results:In groups one and two, the incidence of transient hypocalcaemia was 18 per cent (14/78) and 51 per cent (25/49) (p < 0.001), and the incidence of permanent hypocalcaemia 1 per cent (one of 77) and 12 per cent (six of 49) (p < 0.01), respectively. Most patients undergoing central neck dissection had evidence of pathological level six lymphadenopathy (29/49).Conclusion:Total thyroidectomy combined with central neck dissection for the treatment of differentiated thyroid carcinoma is more likely to result in transient (51 per cent) and permanent (12 per cent) hypocalcaemia. Elective neck dissection should be performed selectively, with a high expectation of post-operative hypocalcaemia.
Impact of the CNT growth process on gold metallization dedicated to RF interconnect applications
Authors: Yap Chin Chong , Tan Dunlin , Brun Christophe , Li Hong , Teo Edwin Hang Tong , Baillargeat Dominique , Tay Beng Kang 
Published: November 2010

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are a unique group of materials with high aspect ratio, mechanical and electrical properties, which are of great interests in the field of interconnects, and radio frequency applications. In order to incorporate CNTs into any of these applications successfully, one important issue that has to be resolved is the critical parameters (temperature and reactant gases) associated with the growth of the CNTs. As such, the effect of these growth requirements on the adjacent components should be studied. In this work, we examined specifically the effect of carbon nanotubes growth on the underlying metallization, in particular gold, dedicated for radio-frequency-based applications. The gold coplanar lines were annealed at 800°C in a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) system to simulate the worst-case condition. The reflection and transmission parameters were analyzed using a probe station connected to a vector network analyzer. Carbon nanotubes grown on different barrier layers were also characterized using a scanning electron microscope and Raman spectroscopy to identify a suitable barrier layer for gold. Our results showed that it is promising to integrate carbon nanotubes grown using PECVD onto Au coplanar waveguide without degrading the S-parameters measurements up to 20 GHz.
Dosimetry of an in vitro exposure system for fluorescence measurements during 2.45 GHz microwave exposure
Authors: Kenaan Mohamad , Moisescu Mihaela G. , Savopol Tudor , Martin Diana , Arnaud-Cormos Delia , Leveque Philippe 
Published: November 2010

An in vitro system for 2.45 GHz microwave (MW) exposure with real-time fluorescence measurements is proposed. This system is specifically designed for the measurement of those biophysical parameters of living cells or membrane models which can be quantified by spectrofluorometric methods (e.g. membrane generalized polarization (GP), membrane fluidity, membrane potential, etc.). The novelty of the system consists in the possibility to perform fluorescence measurements on the biological samples simultaneously with their exposure to MW. The MW applicator is an open ended coaxial antenna which is dipped into a cuvette. The distribution of electromagnetic field and specific absorption rate (SAR) in the cuvette are provided from a rigorous electromagnetic numerical analysis performed with a finite difference-time domain (FDTD) based tool. With this system, fluorescence measurements were used to calculate the membrane GP values of giant unilamellar vesicle suspensions that were acquired during exposure to a 1.2 W incident power. For this power, the SAR distribution and mean SAR value for the whole volume were calculated based on temperature measurements made at different positions inside the cuvette.
„Oseltadelir“
Authors: Kruker Anna Tina , Krause Martin 
Published: November 2010

Wir berichten die Geschichte eines 62-jährigen Religionslehrers, der im Dezember 2009 während der H1N1-Epidemie hospitalisiert war. Er stellte sich mit 38.3 °C Fieber und Dyspnoe notfallmäßig vor. Mit klinischen Rasselgeräuschen über beiden Lungen, erhöhtem CRP und radiologischen Lungenveränderungen wurde bei hoher Vortestwahrscheinlichkeit die Verdachtsdiagnose einer H1N1-Influenza-Pneumonie gestellt. Es bestanden mehrere Komorbiditäten wie eine koronare und hypertensive Herzkrankheit, ein insulinpflichtiger Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 und eine chronische Niereninsuffizienz. Wir entschieden uns zur antiviralen Behandlung mit Oseltamivir (Tamiflu®) in Standarddosierung 2 × 75 mg. Diese wurde weitergeführt, obwohl im Nasopharynxsekret mittels PCR keine H1N1-Influenzaviren nachgewiesen werden konnten. Der klinische Verlauf war erfreulich, die Atmung besserte. Jedoch erlebte der Patient eine äußerst beängstigende Psychose mit seltsamen Halluzinationen und wahnhaften Inhalten, welche nahezu einen fatalen Ausgang hatten. Ob der Grund für das delirante Bild durch die Akutkrankheit oder medikamentös bedingt war, kann letztlich nicht mit Sicherheit gesagt werden. Die Datensuche zeigte jedoch, dass neuropsychiatrische Nebenwirkungen von Oseltamivir anekdotisch beschrieben, aber nicht prospektiv-randomisiert untersucht worden sind.
Chronic Stimulation–Induced Changes in the Rodent Thyroarytenoid Muscle
Authors: McMullen Colleen A. , Butterfield Timothy A. , Dietrich Maria , Andreatta Richard D. , Andrade Francisco H. , Fry Lisa , Stemple Joseph C. 
Published: November 2010

Purpose
Therapies for certain voice disorders purport principles of skeletal muscle rehabilitation to increase muscle mass, strength, and endurance. However, applicability of limb muscle rehabilitation to the laryngeal muscles has not been tested. In this study, the authors examined the feasibility of the rat thyroarytenoid muscle to remodel as a consequence of increased activity instantiated through chronic electrical stimulation.

Method

Twenty adult Sprague-Dawley rats (
Rattus norvegicus),
assigned to a 1-week or 2-week stimulation group, were implanted with a nerve cuff electrode placed around the right recurrent laryngeal nerve and were fitted with a head connector. All animals were placed under anesthesia twice a day for 1 hr each time. Following the training, rats were killed, and thyroarytenoid muscles were isolated for histology and immunohistochemistry.

Results
Mean muscle fiber area decreased, neuromuscular junction density increased, mitochondrial content increased qualitatively, and glycogen-positive fibers increased, demonstrating exercise-induced changes similar to those seen in limb muscles after endurance training.

Conclusion
Rat thyroarytenoid muscles are capable of remodeling in response to chronic electrical stimulation.
Heat and moisture exchangers and breathing system filters: their use in anaesthesia and intensive care. Part 1 – history, principles and efficiency
Authors: Wilkes A. R. 
Published: November 2010

SummaryHeat and moisture exchangers and breathing system filters are intended to replace the normal warming, humidifying and filtering functions of the upper airways when these structures are bypassed during anaesthesia and intensive care. Guidance on their use continues to evolve. The aim of this part of the review is to describe the principles of their action and efficiency and to summarise the findings from clinical and laboratory studies. Based on previous studies, an appropriate minimum target for moisture output is 30 and 20 g.m−3 for long‐duration use in intensive care and short‐duration use in anaesthesia, respectively. The practice of reusing a breathing system in anaesthesia, provided it is protected by a filter, assumes that the filter is effective. However, there is wide variation in the gas‐borne filtration performance, and contaminated condensate can potentially pass through some filters under typical pressures encountered during mechanical ventilation.
Immunizing pigs with Ascaris suum haemoglobin increases the inflammatory response in the liver but fails to induce a protective immunity
Authors: VLAMINCK J. , MARTINEZ‐VALLADARES M. , DEWILDE S. , MOENS L. , TILLEMAN K. , DEFORCE D. , URBAN J. , CLAEREBOUT E. , VERCRUYSSE J. , GELDHOF P. 
Published: November 2010

SummaryTo determine whether purified Ascaris suum haemoglobin (AsHb) is a suitable vaccine candidate for the control of Ascaris infections, pigs were vaccinated with AsHb in combination with QuilA adjuvant and challenged with A. suum eggs. The number of liver lesions and worms in the intestine was assessed on day 14, 28 and 56 post‐infection (p.i.). No significant differences were found in the number of worms recovered between vaccinated and control pigs on any of these days. However, significantly more white spots were counted on the livers of vaccinated pigs on day 14 (+86%) and day 28 (+118%) p.i. compared with nonvaccinated controls. To investigate whether the increased immunoreactivity against the liver stage L3s in vaccinated pigs was triggered by and directed against AsHb, the transcription and expression of AsHb in this larval life stage was analysed by RT‐PCR and immunoblotting. The results showed that neither the AsHb transcript nor protein was detectable in freshly hatched L3. However, the immunoblot analysis showed that vaccination with AsHb resulted in the production of antibodies binding to several other antigens of the L3, suggesting that these might be involved in the increased white spot development.
A Case of Unilateral Pelvic Limb Adactyly in a Puppy Dog
Authors: Macrì F. , Marino F. , Rapisarda G. , Lanteri G. , Mazzullo G. 
Published: November 2010

With 2 figuresSummaryA case of unilateral hindlimb adactyly is described in a 3‐month‐old female Pointer dog. Clinical and radiographic findings are described. Adactyly or transverse hemimelia is a rare condition in most animal species. In dogs, this condition has been reported only three times as a deformity of the forelimb. To the authors’ knowledge, the congenital pelvic limb deformity described here is the first case documented in a dog.
Development of a potato seedling assay to screen for resistance to Verticillium dahliae
Authors: Bae J. J. , Neu K. , Halterman D. , Jansky S. 
Published: November 2010

With 2 figures and 4 tables AbstractA seedling assay was developed for Verticillium wilt (VW) resistance in potato to provide efficient and rapid screening to identify resistant clones in segregating populations. The method provides uniform inoculum, which may reduce false negatives and the confounding effect of late maturity in field‐grown plants. Seedlings of two cultivated varieties, five wild potato families and five families of complex hybrids were tested for VW symptoms after exposure to fungal suspensions and exudate from liquid cultures. The seedlings of the resistant cultivar and two resistant wild species exhibited fewer symptoms in response to fungal suspensions than the susceptible controls, indicating that seedlings can be scored for VW resistance or tolerance. Furthermore, exposure of seedlings to filter‐sterilized exudates lacking the fungus elicited symptoms very similar to treatment with cultures containing VW condia. This result suggests that Vd (Verticillium dahliae Kleb.) liquid culture exudates may contain phytotoxins that can cause visible effects on the growth of certain genotypes. Overall, our results indicate that a greenhouse‐based seedling assay can be used effectively to identify resistant or tolerant clones.
Correlations among insomnia symptoms, sleep medication use and depressive symptoms
Authors: Komada Yoko , Nomura Takashi , Kusumi Masayoshi , Nakashima Kenji , Okajima Isa , Sasai Taeko , Inoue Yuichi 
Published: November 2010

Aim:  To elucidate the factors associated with insomnia symptoms and the use of sleep medication, and the correlations among insomnia symptoms, sleep medication use and depressive symptoms in the general population.Methods:  This survey was conducted in a rural community of Japan. Questionnaires consisted of basic information, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and a 12‐item version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale, and were administered to all community members aged 20 years or over. A total of 2822 respondents with valid answers were subjected to analysis.Results:  Occurrence of insomnia symptoms appeared to be associated with advancing age and existence of depressive symptoms. The extent of sleep medication use in the entire sample was 9%, and the value in the subjects with insomnia symptoms was 26%. Sleep medication use in insomniacs was associated with female sex and advancing age as well as higher scores in subcomponents of both poor subjective sleep quality and prolonged delay of sleep onset. Depressive symptoms were worst in the group with insomnia symptoms using sleep medication, and were significantly lower in the group without insomnia symptoms using sleep medication.Conclusions:  Our study revealed that female sex, advancing age, depressive symptoms, poor sleep quality, and prolonged delay of sleep onset appeared as risk factors for sleep medication use. Insomnia symptoms were suspected to act as an exacerbating factor for depressive symptoms. However, our findings suggested that appropriate use of sleep medication could reduce depressive symptoms in the subjects with insomnia symptoms.
Reserve design for uncertain responses of coral reefs to climate change
Authors: Mumby Peter J. , Elliott Ian A. , Eakin C. Mark , Skirving William , Paris Claire B. , Edwards Helen J. , Enríquez Susana , Iglesias‐Prieto Roberto , Cherubin Laurent M. , Stevens Jamie R. 
Published: November 2010

Ecology Letters(2011) 14: 132–140AbstractRising sea temperatures cause mass coral bleaching and threaten reefs worldwide. We show how maps of variations in thermal stress can be used to help manage reefs for climate change. We map proxies of chronic and acute thermal stress and develop evidence‐based hypotheses for the future response of corals to each stress regime. We then incorporate spatially realistic predictions of larval connectivity among reefs of the Bahamas and apply novel reserve design algorithms to create reserve networks for a changing climate. We show that scales of larval dispersal are large enough to connect reefs from desirable thermal stress regimes into a reserve network. Critically, we find that reserve designs differ according to the anticipated scope for phenotypic and genetic adaptation in corals, which remains uncertain. Attempts to provide a complete reserve design that hedged against different evolutionary outcomes achieved limited success, which emphasises the importance of considering the scope for adaptation explicitly. Nonetheless, 15% of reserve locations were selected under all evolutionary scenarios, making them a high priority for early designation. Our approach allows new insights into coral holobiont adaptation to be integrated directly into an adaptive approach to management.