bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of pomegranate extracts on cartilage, bone and mesenchymal cells of mouse fetuses
Authors: Monsefi Malihezaman , Parvin Fatemeh , Talaei-Khozani Tahereh 
Published: July 2011

Pomegranate is a rich source of polyphenols, which are believed to be responsible for the oestrogenic activities of extracts of this fruit in mice. One of these potential activities is the prevention of bone loss. The objectives of the present study were to determine the effects of pomegranate extract on chondrogenesis and osteogenesis in mouse embryosin vivoand limb bud culturesin vitro. A total of fifty pregnant Balb/c mice were given vehicle, pomegranate juice extract (PJE), pomegranate husk extract (PHE) or a mixture of husk and juice extract (PME). Their embryos were stained with alizarin red S and alcian blue, and the length of the femur, tibia and their ossification zones were measured on day 19 of gestation. Bone Ca content in pregnant mice was also measured. Mice treated with PJE showed an increase in bone Ca content. Dietary supplementation with all extracts significantly increased embryo femur length and osteogenesis index. Mesenchymal cells from fetal limb buds were cultured and exposed to 10, 100, 1000 and 10 000 μg/ml of PJE, PHE or PME. The number of viable cells was greater in cultures exposed to the extracts than in control cultures. The number of cartilage nodules and their diameters were greater in extract-treated cell cultures, a finding which reflected increased cell proliferation and differentiation rates. In conclusion, the findings of the present study suggest that pomegranate is able to enhance bone formation.
History of exotic terrestrial mammals in Antarctic regions
Authors: Headland R. K. 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTA concise account of exotic terrestrial mammals known to have been introduced in Antarctica and the 19 peri-Antarctic islands is provided. This includes the entire region currently relevant to the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research. Of the 24 introduced species 10 are extant at one or more locations in 2011. Some species have had a widespread distribution and others are represented by one, or a few, individuals. The majority arrived as deliberate introductions but that of some was adventitious. Details of their dates of introduction, current status, and indications of environmental effects, are tabulated. Current eradication programmes are noted.
The terms of trade for agricultural and food products, 1951-2000
Authors: Serrano Raúl , Pinilla Vicente 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis study aims to answer whether empirical records confirm the existence of a secular decline in the terms of trade affecting primary producers (the Singer–Prebisch hypothesis). The paper analyses the evolution of the terms of trade for agricultural and food products in the second half of the 20thcentury. We obtain sixty new real price indices for internationally traded agricultural products. We conclude, from a long-term perspective, that the deterioration in the terms of trade for agricultural and food products was strong and clear in the second half of the last century. In general, less processed products suffered a very heavy fall in their real prices. However, there was no continuous and persistent deterioration in the terms of trade either as a whole or for the great majority of the agricultural and food product groups (with the exception of natural rubber, textile fibres and other raw materials). Rather, this deterioration occurred in stages.
Feedback control framework for car-like robots using the unicycle controllers
Authors: Michałek Maciej , Kozłowski Krzysztof 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYThe paper introduces a novel general feedback control framework, which allows applying the motion controllers originally dedicated for the unicycle model to the motion task realization for the car-like kinematics. The concept is formulated for two practically meaningful motorizations: with a front-wheel driven and with a rear-wheel driven. All the three possible steering angle domains for car-like robots—limited and unlimited ones—are treated. Description of the method is complemented by the formal stability analysis of the closed-loop error dynamics. The effectiveness of the method and its limitations have been illustrated by numerous simulations conducted for the three main control tasks, namely, for trajectory tracking, path following, and set-point regulation.
Collision-free navigation of an autonomous unmanned helicopter in unknown urban environments: sliding mode and MPC approaches
Authors: Hoy Michael , Matveev Alexey S. , Garratt Matt , Savkin Andrey V. 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYWhen employing autonomous helicopters, it is desirable to use navigation approaches, which firmly ensure safety. In this paper, we propose and compare two approaches to navigation through environments containing obstacles. The first uses sliding mode boundary following to maintain a prespecified distance to obstacles, and the second uses a model predictive control approach to plan short horizon trajectories around detected objects, while ensuring that the helicopter is brought to a halt within the sensor visibility radius. The navigation approaches are subjected to analysis for robustness, and simulations are carried out with a realistic helicopter model for verification. Additional real-world experiments were performed with a wheeled robot to demonstrate potential for real-time application.
‘TO MAKE OF LISBON A NEW ROME’: THE REPERTORY OF THE PATRIARCHAL CHURCH IN THE 1720S AND 1730S
Authors: D'ALVARENGA JOÃO PEDRO 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTThe elevation of the Portuguese Royal Chapel to the rank of Patriarchal Church in 1716 was part of a larger process of ‘Romanization’ – that is, of assimilation and adaptation of Roman models within Portuguese music and culture. This involved the training of numerous chaplain-singers and young Portuguese composers in Rome, as well as the importation of chant books, ministers, singers and even the maestro di cappella of the Cappella Giulia, Domenico Scarlatti. According to the anonymous ‘Breve rezume de tudo o que se canta en cantochaõ, e canto de orgaõ pellos cantores na santa igreja patriarchal’ (Brief summary of all that is sung in plainchant and polyphony by the singers at the holy Patriarchal Church) – a document written at some point between 1722 and 1724 – the repertory of the Patriarchal Church was a varied mixture of works by thirty-two identified composers, mostly Italian and Portuguese, from a period ranging from the sixteenth century to the early eighteenth century. Some of the repertory for Holy Week is also extant in three large choirbooks prepared by a copyist from the Patriarchal Church in 1735 and 1736 for use in the Ducal Chapel in Vila Viçosa. These include ‘modern’ additions to late sixteenth-century and seventeenth-century pieces and also some curious reworkings, made with the purpose of adjusting older works to newly ‘Romanized’ performance conditions and aesthetic ideals. The sources examined in this article thus show that Portuguese ‘Romanization’, far from being a simple transplantation of ideas and practices from the centre to the periphery, was a dynamic process of acculturation and adaptation rooted in emerging forms of historical consciousness.
Discrimination of wild and farmed Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) based on morphology and scale-circuli pattern
Authors: Uglem Ingebrigt , Berg Marius , Varne Rebecca , Nilsen Rune , Mork Jarle , Bjørn Pål Arne 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Uglem, I., Berg, M., Varne, R., Nilsen, R., Mork, J., and Bjørn, P. A. 2011. Discrimination of wild and farmed Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) based on morphology and scale-circuli pattern. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 1928–1936. To evaluate the spatio–temporal distribution and ecological impacts of escaped farmed Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), it is necessary that escapees can be traced in the wild. To do this, simple, reliable, and fast methods for determining the origin of cod are required. The aim of this proof-of-concept study was to evaluate whether simple analyses of scales and body morphology can distinguish between wild and farmed cod. Digital images of fish and scales from adult cod from two farms, and wild cod caught near these farms, were analysed by computer-based image analyses. By combining mean breadth of circuli and length-adjusted scale radius in a discriminant analysis, 86 and 80% of wild and farmed fish, respectively, were correctly classified. Moreover, using three simple morphometric measures representing dorsal fin size, neck curvature, and length of lower jaw, 100 and 95% of wild and farmed cod, respectively, were classified correctly. To validate these discrimination methods further, an expanded analysis of additional farmed and wild cod populations is required. The results pave the way for the development of a reliable and standardized methodology for classification of the origin of cod caught in the wild.
Attitude control system for the nano‐astrometry satellite “Nano‐JASMINE”
Authors: Inamori Takaya , Sako Nobutada , Nakasuka Shinichi 
Published: July 2011

PurposeThis paper aims to present an attitude determination and control system for a nano‐astrometry satellite which requires precise angular rate control. Focus of the research is methods to achieve the requirement.Design/methodology/approachIn order to obtain astrometry data, the satellite attitude should be controlled to an accuracy of 0.05°. Furthermore, attitude spin rate must be controlled to an accuracy of 4×10−7 rad/s during observation. In this paper the following unique ideas to achieve these requirements are introduced: magnetic disturbance compensation and rate estimation using star blurred images.FindingsThis paper presents the feasibility of a high accurate attitude control system in nano‐ and micro‐satellite missions.Practical implicationsThis paper presents a possibility of the application of nano‐satellites to remote‐sensing and astronomy mission, which requires accurate attitude control.Originality/valueOriginalities of the paper are the methods to achieve the high accurate attitude control: magnetic disturbance compensation and angular rate estimation using star images.
Effect of austempering temperature and time on corrosion behaviour of ductile iron in chloride and acidic media
Authors: Afolabi A.S. 
Published: July 2011

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to study the effect of heat treatment temperature and time on the corrosion behavior of ductile iron in 0.5 M NaCl and 0.5 M H2SO4.Design/methodology/approachDuctile iron samples of known composition were austenized at temperatures 800°C and 850°C, and austempered at 300°C and 350°C for periods of 30, 45 and 60 min to convert them to austempered ductile iron (ADI). The corrosion behavior of these ADI samples in 0.5 M NaCl and H2SO4 was measured using the conventional weight loss method. The metallographic examination of the samples was carried out to study the morphology of their corroded surfaces.FindingsDuctile iron is susceptible to corrosion in both acidic and chloride media, while attack by acid media is mainly at the grain boundaries, that from the chloride is pitting. The corrosion behavior of the material is affected by the compositional structures of the materials as well as the austempering temperature and time it was subjected to.Practical implicationsDuctile iron has the potential to replace costlier materials in many engineering and structural applications.Originality/valueThe results revealed that the corrosion of ADI in both acidic and chloride media were strongly dependent on the structure of the material, which in turn was affected by the austempering temperature and time.
Effect of carbon dioxide on corrosion of tubular steel in high hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide environments
Authors: Deng Hongda , Li Chunfu , Cao Xianlong 
Published: July 2011

PurposeThe present work primarily aims to study the corrosion characterization of tubular steel API‐P110 in high H2S containing solution with or without CO2.Design/methodology/approachCorrosion behaviors of steel in buffered solutions containing 50 percent H2S and various levels of CO2 concentration were investigated via weight‐loss method, SEM and EDS. The effects of CO2 on corrosion occurred on the metal were analyzed by electrochemical techniques.FindingsCorrosion rates of steel decreased as the CO2 content in H2S/CO2 solution increased. It was observed for the tubular steel to experience an increase in corrosion rate at concentrations 17 percent CO2 or 34 percent CO2 in 50 percent H2S while when further increasing concentration of CO2 to 50 percent the corrosion rate decreases. Increased CO2 content in H2S/CO2 led to fewer anions desorbing and fewer reactants adsorbing, e.g. H+, H2CO3. As a result, cathodic reaction rate decreased and the amount of hydrogen absorbed decreased.Originality/valueThe experimental results showed that corrosion alleviated when increasing CO2 content in high H2S and CO2 containing environment.
Effect of frying, baking and storage conditions on resistant starch content of foods
Authors: Singh Yadav Baljeet 
Published: July 2011

PurposeThe present study aims to understand the effect of baking, frying and storage conditions on resistant starch (RS) content of commonly used poor man's foods like potato, sweet potato and bread.Design/methodology/approachThe effect of frying (shallow and deep frying) on RS was studied in pressure‐cooked potato and sweet potato. The baking conditions used for white wheat bread were 200°C‐35 min, 150°C‐12 h, and 120°C‐20 h. To study the effect of baking time at a specific temperature (200°C), the bread was baked for 15, 25, 35 and 45 min. The bread baked for 25 min at 200°C was stored at ambient conditions for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. Tubers were stored at 4 and 25°C for 12 h and 24 h at each temperature.FindingsFrying resulted in a reduction of 28.0 and 32.0 percent in RS content of potato and sweet potato respectively, with deep‐frying showing a more pronounced effect. The RS content of bread baked for 24 h at 120°C was found to be higher (4.20 percent) than that of bread baked at a higher temperature of 200°C and 150°C for 35 min and 12 h respectively. Increase in baking time from 15 to 45 min at 200° C also increased the RS content of bread from 2.13 percent to 3.18 percent. Storage resulted in an increase in the RS content of bread and tubers. Refrigeration storage had a more pronounced effect on the RS content of pressure‐cooked tubers.Originality/valueThis information on poor man's foods can be exploited to process and store the foods targeted to be used by the special category of persons, as varied processing conditions for these foods can be employed producing lower or higher RS content desirable for undernourished or diabetic persons respectively.
Fast food and fast games
Authors: Cronin James M. , McCarthy Mary B. 
Published: July 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to understand how food is used to create identity and community for gamers during core rituals. These meanings are to be explored within the broader context of subcultural experience in an investigation of the motives and the self‐concept dynamics underlying this symbolic consumer behaviour.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses an interpretive research strategy and adopts a multi‐method ethnographic approach that includes: netnography: multiple, in‐depth, ethnographic interviews; and prolonged participant observation. Interview informants are young Irish subcultural members aged between 18 and 23. Data analysis proceeds according to a constant comparative method.FindingsThe findings suggest that the social gaming ritual, when intersected with food, is closely linked to issues of identity, community, fantasy and escape, gustatory rebellion and prolonged hedonism. Commensality during the core social gaming ritual contributes to a sense of communitas, while the “junk” nature of the shared food products helps to manufacture the hedonism of the event. The social ritual then is sovereign and bound by its own subcultural parameters, which oppose mainstream culture's norms and dietary regulations. From its role in helping to create a Utopian and rebellious experience, food is then leveraged as part of the gamers' collective identity. Practitioner implications of the results are discussed.Originality/valueThis paper investigates contemporary food consumption behaviour within a postmodern community. The main contribution pertains to providing an insight into a previously neglected group of food consumers.
Determination and comparison of the total polyphenol contents of fresh and commercial fruit juices
Authors: Mahdavi Reza , Nikniaz Zeinab , Rafraf Maryam , Jouyban Abolghasem 
Published: July 2011

PurposeThis paper aims to study the importance of polyphenols in human health and, based on recommendations on the replacement of carbonated drinks with nutritious beverages, like fruit juices, seeks to compare the polyphenol contents of natural and commercial juices.Design/methodology/approachThe total polypheol content of 39 fresh and 159 commercial (100 percent and less than 50 percent) fruit juices was analyzed by the terbium sensitized fluorescence method. The ANOVA with Tukey post hoc test, and also an independent t‐test, were used for statistical analyses.FindingsThe mean polyphenol contents of fresh juices were significantly (p<0.001) higher than those of 100 percent commercials (5.34±2.7 vs 3.28±0.86 mg/l). In fresh juices the concentration ranged from 1.06±0.08 (pineapple) to 10.14±0.07 (sour cherry) mg QE/100 ml, while in 100 percent commercial juices the range was from 2.37±0.05 (orange) to 5.34±0.4 (pomegranate) mg QE/100 ml, and in <50 percent commercial juices they ranged from 1.04±0.7 (red grape) to 2.21±0.07 (white grape) mg QE/100 ml. The polyphenol contents of dark juices, in both fresh and commercial products, were significantly higher than others (p<0.001) and most fresh fruit juices possessed higher amounts of polyphenol than commercial ones. Although various juices differed in the quantity of total polyphenol, they can be considered as a good source of functional beverage.Originality/valueThis paper provides information about the polyphenol content of fresh and commercial (100 percent and <50 percent) fruit juices. To the best of the authors' knowledge, there have been no articles which aim to compare the polyphenol content of Iranian fresh and commercial fruit juices. For analysing the polyphenol contents, the newly developed terbium sensitized fluorescence method was used, and also the applicability of this new method was compared with the commonly used Folin‐Ciocalteau method.
Local food: understanding consumer motivations in innovative retail formats
Authors: Pearson David , Henryks Joanna , Trott Alex , Jones Philip , Parker Gavin , Dumaresq David , Dyball Rob 
Published: July 2011

PurposeThis paper sets out to profile the activities and consumers of a unique and successful local food retail outlet in the UK that is based on weekly community markets.Design/methodology/approachThe seminal literature on local food in the UK is reviewed prior to providing a case study on a local food outlet, the True Food Co‐op. This is followed by the results from a detailed survey of its customers.FindingsThe increase in availability of and interest in local food over the last decade has been matched by new research findings. Although there is a consensus on the reasons why people buy local food, there are significant gaps in other areas of one's understanding, such as the lack of a clear definition of what local food is. This is frustrating further developments in the sector.Research limitations/implicationsBusiness development strategies that rely on niche markets, such as local food, in fast‐moving consumer goods categories are enjoying rapid growth. However, there are many difficulties with research in this area that emerge from the multitude of purchases made by numerous people, of various products, and in different places.Practical implicationsInnovative community‐based food retail outlets, such as the True Food Co‐op, provide an example of a business model that links consumers and producers in local food networks. As such they contribute to food security by filling a vital role in a diversified, resilient and environmentally friendly food system.Originality/valueThe paper publicises recent research findings in the local food sector that have practical implications for policy. In addition, these findings are important for individual businesses in the local food sector which are aiming to develop and secure their position in the marketplace.
Shopping for tomorrow: promoting sustainable consumption within food stores
Authors: Jones Peter , Hillier David , Comfort Daphne 
Published: July 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to offer an exploratory case study of how the UK's top ten food retailers are communicating sustainable consumption agendas to their customers within stores.Design/methodology/approachThe paper begins with a discussion of the growing awareness of the role that retailers, and more particularly food retailers, can play in promoting sustainable consumption. This is followed by a short literature review of current thinking on sustainable consumption. Information obtained from two simple “walk through/visual observation and information collection” surveys conducted within the largest store operated by each of the top ten food retailers within the towns of Cheltenham and Gloucester, UK, provided the empirical material for the case study. The paper concludes with some reflections on how sustainable consumption fits into the large food retailers' business models.FindingsThe survey revealed that, while the UK's top ten food retailers were providing customers with some information on sustainable consumption, the dominant thrust of marketing communication within stores was designed to encourage consumption. More generally, the paper concludes that, at best, the UK's leading food retailers are pursuing a weak model of sustainable consumption and that their definitions of, and engagement with, sustainable consumption is driven as much by commercial imperatives as by commitments to sustainability.Originality/valueThis paper provides an accessible review of the extent to which the UK's leading food retailers are communicating sustainable consumption agendas to their customers within stores and as such it will be of value to academics, practitioners, consumer organisations and policy makers interested in the role retailers can play in promoting sustainable consumption.
Seeking common ground: an alternative diversity training paradigm
Authors: de Mello‐e‐Souza Wildermuth Cristina , Wildermuth Mel O. 
Published: July 2011

PurposeDuring a typical diversity program, participants are encouraged to recognize, evaluate, and appreciate differences. The purpose of this paper is to explore the rationale for “Conversity®”: an alternative approach to diversity training that is based on connections.Design/methodology approachThe paper is based on a review of the literature on “traditional” diversity training paradigms, the impact of diversity on the brain, and basic social psychology concepts such as categorization and social affiliation. The authors relate literature review findings to their experiences conducting “connections‐based” (“Conversity”) diversity training.FindingsThe human brain is already wired to perceive differences. Further, human beings tend to prefer others who share their group affiliations. Possible consequences of “typical” diversity training programs may include a “backlash” against diversity, an increase in participants' fears, and a reinforcement of inter‐group divisions.Practical implicationsThis paper offers practitioners an alternative paradigm for diversity training design including alternative categorization (i.e. emphasis on non‐traditional diversity categories such as personality or team color) and an intentional search for connections between participants.Originality/valueHistorically, diversity training programs have focused on the value of differences rather than on the power of common ground.