bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Future projections of temperature-related indices in Prince Edward Island using ensemble average of three CMIP6 models
Authors: Maqsood Junaid , Wang Xiuquan , Farooque Aitazaz A. , Nawaz Rana Ali 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPrince Edward Island (PEI) is an agricultural province heavily relying on rainfed agriculture. The island has already experienced significant impacts from climate change. Accurate projections of PEI temperature extreme indices are required to mitigate and adapt to the changing climate conditions. This study aims to develop ensemble projections using Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) global circulation models (GCMs) to analyze temperature extremes on PEI. In this study, the ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis dataset was chosen for stepwise cluster analysis (SCA) due to its high accuracy. Three CMIP6 (NorESM2-MM, MPI-ESM1.2-HR, and CanESM5) GCMs, along with their ensemble average, were utilized in the SCA model to project future changes in daily maximum temperature (Tmax) and minimum temperature (Tmin) at four meteorological stations on PEI (East Point, Charlottetown, Summerside, and North Cape) under two shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5). These GCMs were selected based on their low, medium, and high Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity. The bias-corrected results for the future period of Tmax and Tmin showed that the GCM-specific changes in the ECS also impact the regional scale. Additionally, several temperature extreme indices, including the daily temperature range (DTR), summer days (SU), growing degree days (GDD), growing season length (GSL), ice days (ID), and frost days (FD), were analyzed for two future periods: FP1(202–2050) and FP2 (2051–2075). The results indicate that DTR, SU, GDD, and GSL are expected to increase, while ID and FD are projected to decrease during FP1 and FP2 under both scenarios. The future projected mean monthly changes in Tmax, Tmin, and the selected temperature extreme indices highlight warmer future periods and an increase in agriculture-related indices such as GDD and GSL. Specifically, July, August, and September are expected to experience even higher temperatures in the future. As the climate becomes warmer, cold extreme events are projected to be shorter in duration but more intense in terms of their impact. The largest increments/decrements for Tmax, Tmin, and their relevant indices were observed during FP2 under SSP5-8.5. The outcomes of this study provide valuable insights for agricultural development, water resource management, and the formulation of effective mitigation strategies to address the impacts of climate change on PEI.
Future climate projection across Tanzania under CMIP6 with high-resolution regional climate model
Authors: Magang Dawido S. , Ojara Moses A. , Yunsheng Lou , King’uza Philemon H. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractClimate change is one of the most pressing challenges faced by developing countries due to their lower adaptive capacity, with far-reaching impacts on agriculture. The mid-century period is widely regarded as a critical moment, during which adaptation is deemed essential to mitigating the associated impacts. This study presents future climate projections across Tanzania using the latest generation of global climate models (CMIP6) combined with a high-resolution regional climate model. The findings indicate that, the trends in temperature and precipitation in Tanzania from 1991 to 2020, minimum temperatures showed the highest variability with a trend of 0.3 °C, indicating significant fluctuations in minimum temperature over the decades. Maximum temperatures also showed high variability with a trend of 0.4 °C. There is a range of variability in precipitation per decade for different regions in Tanzania, with some regions experiencing significant decreases in precipitation of up to − 90.3 mm and − 127.6 mm. However, there were also regions that experienced increases in precipitation, although these increases were generally less than 4.8 mm over the decades. The projections of minimum and maximum temperatures from 2040 to 2071 under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP) 2–4.5 and SSP 5–8.5 are projected to increase by 0.14 °C to 0.21 °C per decade, across different regions. The average projected precipitation changes per decade vary across regions. Some regions are projected to experience increases in precipitation. Other regions are projected to show decreases in precipitation within the range of − 0.6 mm to 15.5 mm and − 1.5 mm to 47.4 mm under SSP2–4.5 and SSP5–8.5 respectively. Overall, both scenarios show an increase in projected temperatures and precipitation for most regions in Tanzania, with some areas experiencing more significant increases compared to others. The changes in temperatures and precipitation are expected to have significant impacts on agriculture and water resources in Tanzania.
Efficacy of an herbal formula Guixiong Yimu San in preventing retained placenta and improving reproductive performance in cows
Authors: Cui Dongan , Wang Lei , Wang Ling , He Jiongjie , Li Yuqiong , Zhang Zhounian , Wang Shengyi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRetained placenta is a common health issue, and appropriate prevention strategies are effective in postpartum health management. This study aimed to evaluate whether early intervention using GYS can prevent retained placenta and puerperal metritis, as well as enhance reproductive outcomes in cows. Each bovine in the GYS group (n = 591) received a single prophylactic dose of GYS (0.5 g/kg body weight) orally within 2 h after parturition, while those in the control group (n = 598) received no intervention. GYS treatment was associated with a decreased incidence of retained placenta (4.6% vs. 12.0%, P < 0.01, OR = 0.335), a lower puerperal metritis risk (8.8% vs. 20.1%, P < 0.01, OR = 0.369), and a reduced need for additional therapeutic antibiotics (11.2% vs. 26.1%, P < 0.01, OR = 0.342). We observed increases in the first service conception rate (59.7% vs. 49.1%, P < 0.01) and conception rate within 305 days postpartum (93.2% vs. 85.5%, P < 0.01) in the GYS group than in the control group. A significant decrease was observed in the number of services per conception (1.8 ± 1.1 vs. 2.1 ± 1.4, P < 0.01) and the calving-to-conception interval (83.6 ± 39.6 vs. 96.6 ± 52.5 days, P < 0.01) between the two groups. Additionally, GYS treatment increased milk yield on days 7, 14, and 28 postpartum without affecting milk fat, milk protein, somatic cell count (SCC), or milk urea nitrogen (MUN) on days 7 and 28 postpartum. Accordingly, the GYS was effective and safe in preventing retained placenta and to improve reproductive performance in cows. Therefore, it could be a prophylactic intervention for superior postpartum fertility in cows.
Remimazolam-flumazenil provides fast recovery from general anesthesia compared to propofol during radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Lee Seohee , Lee Jaemoon , Hwang So Yeong , Ju Jae-Woo , Nam Karam , Ahn Hyo-Jeong , Lee So-Ryoung , Choi Eue-Keun , Jeon Yunseok , Cho Youn Joung 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe optimal anesthetic agent for radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) of atrial fibrillation (AF) and its impact on the recovery profiles remain uncertain. We compared the recovery and hemodynamic parameters between the remimazolam-flumazenil and propofol groups during RFCA. Patients were randomized into the remimazolam-flumazenil and propofol groups. The primary outcome measure was the time to eye opening following the discontinuation of anesthetic agents. Secondary outcomes included time to extubation, time to discharge from the operating room, intraprocedural hemodynamic variables and postoperative quality outcomes. Fifty-three patients were included in the final analysis (n = 26 in the remimazolam-flumazenil and n = 27 in the propofol group). The time to eye opening was significantly shorter in the remimazolam-flumazenil group compared to the propofol group (median [interquartile range]: 174 [157–216] vs. 353 [230–483] s, P < 0.001). The mean blood pressure and bispectral index were significantly higher in the remimazolam-flumazenil group compared to the propofol group (mean difference [95% CI], 7.2 [1.7–12.7] mmHg and 6 [3–8]; P = 0.011 and < 0.001, respectively), which were within target ranges in both groups. Other secondary outcomes were comparable between the groups. Consequently, remimazolam emerges as a promising anesthetic agent, characterized by rapid recovery and stable hemodynamics, during RFCA of AF.Trial registration: NCT05397886.
Association between statin therapy and long-term clinical outcomes in patients with stable coronary disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Wu Han-Ping , Yang Feng-Ching , Lin Hau-De , Cai Chuan-Zhong , Chuang Ming-Jen , Chiang Kuo Feng , Lin Mao-Jen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis longitudinal cohort study examined the long-term effect of statin therapy on clinical outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). A total of 1760 patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) were divided by receipt of statin therapy or not after index PCI. Baseline clinical characteristics, risk factors, angiographic findings, and medications after interventional procedure were assessed to compare long-term clinical outcomes between groups. Predictors for all-cause death and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), including myocardial infarction (MI), cardiovascular death, and repeated PCI procedures, were also analyzed. The statin therapy group had higher average serum cholesterol and more elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) than the non-statin therapy group (189.0 ± 47.9 vs 169.3 ± 37.00 mg/dl, 117.2 ± 42.6 vs 98.7 ± 31.8 mg/dl, respectively, both P < 0.001). The non-statin group had higher rates of all-cause death and cardiovascular death compared to statin group (both P < 0.001). After adjustment for age, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease, Cox proportion hazard analysis revealed statin use significantly reduced all-cause death and repeated PCI procedure (hazard ratio: 0.53 and 0.69, respectively). Statin use seemed not reduce the hazard of cardiovascular death or MI in patients with stable CAD after PCI; however, statin therapy still was associated with reduced rates of all-cause death and repeat PCI procedure.
A method for screening salt stress tolerance in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) (L.) Czern & Coss at seedling stage
Authors: Aggarwal Garima , Edhigalla Premnath , Walia Puneet , Jindal Suruchi , Sandal Sanjeet Singh 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFifty-nine diverse Brassica juncea (Indian mustard) genotypes were used to find an effective screening method to identify salt tolerance at the germination and seedling stages. Salinity stress limits crop productivity and is difficult to simulate on farms, hindering parental selection for hybridization programmes and the development of tolerant cultivars. To estimate an optimum salt concentration for screening, seeds of 15 genotypes were selected randomly and grown in vitro at 0 mM/L, 75 mM/L, 150 mM/L, 225 mM/L, and 300 mM/L concentrations of NaCl in 2 replications in a complete randomized design. Various morphological parameters, viz., length of seedling, root and shoot length, fresh weight, and dry weight, were observed to determine a single concentration using the Salt Injury Index. Then, this optimum concentration (225 mM/L) was used to assess the salt tolerance of all the 59 genotypes in 4 replications while observing the same morphological parameters. With the help of Mean Membership Function Value evaluation criteria, the genotypes were categorized into 5 grades: 4 highly salt-tolerant (HST), 6 salt-tolerant (ST), 19 moderately salt-tolerant (MST), 21 salt-sensitive (SS), and 9 highly salt-sensitive (HSS). Seedling fresh weight (SFW) at 225 mM/L was found to be an ideal trait, which demonstrates the extent to which B. juncea genotypes respond to saline conditions. This is the first report that establishes a highly efficient and reliable method for evaluating the salinity tolerance of Indian mustard at the seedling stage and will facilitate breeders in the development of salt-tolerant cultivars.
Research progress on synthesis mechanism and performance evaluation of ball milling biochar-iron based materials
Authors: Li Hangyu , Ni Zhen , Kang Zhenyu , Sheng Hongtao , Wang Yuqing , Chen Mengfang , Qian Linbo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBiochar-iron based material has been recognized as an important soil and underground water remediation material, which successfully achieves by adsorption, reduction, and mediating advanced oxidation. In recent years, the use of ball milling to synthesize biochar-iron based materials has become an emerging and promising method due to its low cost, environmental friendliness, and potential for large-scale production. This article presents an overview of the fundamental principles underlying ball milling technology, encompassing aspects such as ball milling pre-treatment, biochar pyrolysis temperature, ball milling speed, milling time, ball-to-material ratio, milling atmosphere, and other parameters that exert a substantial influence on material properties. Additionally, it summarized the potential governing rules associated with these parameters. The performance variances resulting from ball milling pre-treatment and biochar pyrolysis temperatures were highlighted. The specific performance of ball milling in improving the physical/chemical properties of biochar-iron based materials was summarized respectively. Explaining the respective roles and functions of biochar and iron-based materials in eliminating various pollutants during the physical/chemical adsorption, chemical reduction, and catalytic oxidation. It is pointed out in the outlook that although ball milling has been frequently reported in research, its underlying effect mechanism remains a subject of challenge. While previous studies have demonstrated the versatility of ball milling, there is still a need to actively explore their application in meeting diverse environmental restoration requirements. Ultimately, both ball milling technology and biochar-iron based materials hold a promising prospects and warrant further investigation in future endeavors.
Spatiotemporally distinct responses to mechanical forces shape the developing seed of Arabidopsis
Authors: Bauer Amélie , Ali Olivier , Bied Camille , Bœuf Sophie , Bovio Simone , Delattre Adrien , Ingram Gwyneth , Golz John F , Landrein Benoit 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOrgan morphogenesis depends on mechanical interactions between cells and tissues. These interactions generate forces that can be sensed by cells and affect key cellular processes. However, how mechanical forces, together with biochemical signals, contribute to the shaping of complex organs is still largely unclear. We address this question using the seed of Arabidopsis as a model system. We show that seeds first experience a phase of rapid anisotropic growth that is dependent on the response of cortical microtubule (CMT) to forces, which guide cellulose deposition according to shape-driven stresses in the outermost layer of the seed coat. However, at later stages of development, we show that seed growth is isotropic and depends on the properties of an inner layer of the seed coat that stiffens its walls in response to tension but has isotropic material properties. Finally, we show that the transition from anisotropic to isotropic growth is due to the dampening of cortical microtubule responses to shape-driven stresses. Altogether, our work supports a model in which spatiotemporally distinct mechanical responses control the shape of developing seeds in Arabidopsis.
A new dimension in the variability of AGB stars: Convection patterns size changes with pulsation
Authors: Rosales-Guzmán A. , Sanchez-Bermudez J. , Paladini C. , Freytag B. , Wittkowski M. , Alberdi A. , Baron F. , Berger J.-P. , Chiavassa A. , Höfner S. , Jorissen A. , Kervella P. , Le Bouquin J.-B. , Marigo P. , Montargès M. , Trabucchi M. , Tsvetkova S. , Schödel R. , Van Eck S. 
Published: June 2024

Context.Stellar convection plays an important role in atmospheric dynamics, wind formation, and the mass-loss processes in asymptotic giant branch stars. However, a direct characterization of convective surface structures in terms of size, contrast, and lifespan is quite challenging, as spatially resolving these features requires the highest angular resolution.Aims.We aim to characterize the size of convective structures on the surface of the O-rich AGB starR Carto test different theoretical predictions based on mixing-length theory from solar models.Methods.We used infrared low-spectral resolution (R ∼ 35) interferometric data in theH-band (∼1.76 μm) obtained by the instrument PIONIER at the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI) to image the star’s surface at two epochs separated by approximately six years. Using a power spectrum analysis, we estimated the horizontal size of the structures on the surface of R Car. The sizes of the stellar disk at different phases of a pulsation cycle were obtained using parametric model fitting in the Fourier domain.Results.Our analysis supports that the sizes of the structures in R Car are correlated with variations in the pressure scale height in the atmosphere of the target, as predicted by theoretical models based on solar convective processes. We observed that these structures grow in size when the star expands within a pulsation cycle. While the information is still scarce, this observational finding highlights the role of convection in the dynamics of those objects. New interferometric imaging campaigns with the renewed capabilities of the VLTI are envisioned to expand our analysis to a larger sample of objects.
Constraining the helium-to-metal enrichment ratio ΔY/ΔZ from main-sequence binary stars
Authors: Valle G. , Dell’Omodarme M. , Prada Moroni P. G. , Degl’Innocenti S. 
Published: June 2024

Aims. We aim to investigate the theoretical possibility of accurately determining the helium-to-metal enrichment ratio ΔY/ΔZ from precise observations of double-lined eclipsing binary systems.
Methods. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we drew synthetic binary systems with masses between 0.85 and 1.00 M⊙ from a grid of stellar models. Both stars were sampled from a grid with ΔY/ΔZ = 2.0, with a primary star at 80% of its main-sequence evolution. Subsequently, a broader grid with ΔY/ΔZ from 1.0 to 3.0 was used in the fitting process. To account for observational uncertainties, two scenarios were explored: S1, with realistic uncertainties of 100 K in temperature and 0.1 dex in [Fe/H]; and S2, with halved uncertainties. We repeated the simulation at two baseline metallicities: [Fe/H] = 0.0 and −0.3.
Results. The posterior distributions of ΔY/ΔZ revealed significant biases. The distributions were severely biased towards the edge of the allowable range in the S1 error scenario. The situation only marginally improved when considering the S2 scenario. The effect is due to the impact of changing ΔY/ΔZ in the stellar effective temperature and its interplay with [Fe/H] observational error, and it is therefore not restricted to the specific fitting method. Despite the presence of these systematic discrepancies, the age of the systems were recovered unbiased with 10% precision.
Conclusions. Our findings indicate that the observational uncertainty in effective temperature and metallicity significantly hinders the accurate determination of the ΔY/ΔZ parameter from main-sequence binary systems.
The 33 M⊙ black hole Gaia BH3 is part of the disrupted ED-2 star cluster
Authors: Balbinot E. , Dodd E. , Matsuno T. , Lardo C. , Helmi A. , Panuzzo P. , Mazeh T. , Holl B. , Caffau E. , Jorissen A. , Babusiaux C. , Gavras P. , Wyrzykowski Ł. , Eyer L. , Leclerc N. , Bombrun A. , Mowlavi N. , Seabroke G. M. , Cabrera-Ziri I. , Callingham T. M. , Ruiz-Lara T. , Starkenburg E. 
Published: June 2024

Context. The Gaia Collaboration has recently reported the detection of a 33 M⊙ black hole in a wide binary system located in the solar neighbourhood.
Aims. Here we explore the relationship between this black hole, known as Gaia BH3, and the nearby ED-2 halo stellar stream.
Methods. We studied the orbital characteristics of the Gaia BH3 binary and present measurements of the chemical abundances of ED-2 member stars derived from high-resolution spectra obtained with the VLT.
Results. We find that the Galactic orbit of the Gaia BH3 system and its metallicity are entirely consistent with being part of the ED-2 stream. The characteristics of the stream, particularly its negligible spread in metallicity and in other chemical elements, as well as its single stellar population, suggest that it originated from a disrupted star cluster of low mass. Its age is comparable to that of the globular cluster M92 that has been estimated to be as old as the Universe.
Conclusions. This is the first black hole unambiguously associated with a disrupted star cluster. We infer the plausible mass range for the cluster to be relatively narrow, between 2 × 103 M⊙ and 5.2 × 104 M⊙. This implies that the black hole could have formed directly from the collapse of a massive very metal-poor star, but that the alternative scenario of binary interactions inside the cluster environment also deserves to be explored.
An Update on the Genetic Drivers of Corticotroph
Tumorigenesis
Authors: Hernández-Ramírez Laura C. , Perez-Rivas Luis Gustavo , Theodoropoulou Marily , Korbonits Márta 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe genetic landscape of corticotroph tumours of the pituitary gland has
dramatically changed over the last 10 years. Somatic changes in the USP8
gene account for the most common genetic defect in corticotrophinomas,
especially in females, while variants in TP53 or ATRX are
associated with a subset of aggressive tumours. Germline defects have also been
identified in patients with Cushing’s disease: some are well-established
(MEN1, CDKN1B, DICER1), while others are rare and could represent
coincidences. In this review, we summarise the current knowledge on the genetic
drivers of corticotroph tumorigenesis, their molecular consequences, and their
impact on the clinical presentation and prognosis.
Coordinative Europeanization as a response to crisis: what lessons from the RRF for future EU cohesion policy?
Authors: Polverari Laura 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA considerable amount of literature has been devoted to analysing the genesis, rationale andmodus operandiof the NGEU and RRF. However, not much attention has been paid to the practical implications of the RRF, and potential lesson-drawing, for established EU policies. EU cohesion policy is particularly salient in this respect, given the RRF’s general objective of contributing to economic, social and territorial cohesion and the current discussions about the RRF serving as a model for future cohesion policy, to improve the policy’s effectiveness, rationalise spending in view of future enlargements and better tie EU funding with reforms. Starting with a comparison between the delivery arrangements of EU cohesion policy and of the RRF, the study identifies and tests four expectations about their timing and absorption, possible displacement effects, administrative burden, and the impacts to be achieved, and tackles the following research questions: is it realistic to expect the RRF and cohesion policy to work synergistically, given the diversity in their delivery arrangements? Is the RRF proving sufficiently effective and simple, to represent a good model for future EU cohesion policy? Could the coordinative Europeanization that is typical of the RRF be a viable decision-making and implementation mode beyond emergency?