bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automatic glioma characterization from dynamic susceptibility contrast imaging: Brain tumor segmentation using knowledge‐based fuzzy clustering
Authors: Emblem Kyrre E. , Nedregaard Baard , Hald John K. , Nome Terje , Due‐Tonnessen Paulina , Bjornerud Atle 
Published: June 2009

AbstractPurposeTo assess whether glioma volumes from knowledge‐based fuzzy c‐means (FCM) clustering of multiple MR image classes can provide similar diagnostic efficacy values as manually defined tumor volumes when characterizing gliomas from dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) imaging.Materials and MethodsFifty patients with newly diagnosed gliomas were imaged using DSC MR imaging at 1.5 Tesla. To compare our results with manual tumor definitions, glioma volumes were also defined independently by four neuroradiologists. Using a histogram analysis method, diagnostic efficacy values for glioma grade and expected patient survival were assessed.ResultsThe areas under the receiver operator characteristics curves were similar when using manual and automated tumor volumes to grade gliomas (P = 0.576–0.970). When identifying a high‐risk patient group (expected survival <2 years) and a low‐risk patient group (expected survival >2 years), a higher log‐rank value from Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis was observed when using automatic tumor volumes (14.403; P < 0.001) compared with the manual volumes (10.650–12.761; P = 0.001–0.002).ConclusionOur results suggest that knowledge‐based FCM clustering of multiple MR image classes provides a completely automatic, user‐independent approach to selecting the target region for presurgical glioma characterization J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;30:1–10. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhomogeneous sodium accumulation in the ischemic core in rat focal cerebral ischemia by 23Na MRI
Authors: Yushmanov Victor E. , Kharlamov Alexander , Yanovski Boris , LaVerde George , Boada Fernando E. , Jones Stephen C. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractPurposeTo test the hypotheses that (i) the regional heterogeneity of brain sodium concentration ([Na+]br) provides a parameter for ischemic progression not available from apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) data, and (ii) [Na+]br increases more in ischemic cortex than in the caudate putamen (CP) with its lesser collateral circulation after middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat.Materials and Methods23Na twisted projection MRI was performed at 3 Tesla. [Na+]br was independently determined by flame photometry. The ischemic core was localized by ADC, by microtubule‐associated protein‐2 immunohistochemistry, and by changes in surface reflectivity.ResultsWithin the ischemic core, the ADC ratio relative to the contralateral tissue was homogeneous (0.63 ± 0.07), whereas the rate of [Na+]br increase (slope) was heterogeneous (P < 0.005): 22 ± 4%/h in the sites of maximum slope versus 14 ± 1%/h elsewhere (here 100% is [Na+]br in the contralateral brain). Maximum slopes in the cortex were higher than in CP (P < 0.05). In the ischemic regions, there was no slope/ADC correlation between animals and within the same brain (P > 0.1). Maximum slope was located at the periphery of ischemic core in 8/10 animals.ConclusionUnlike ADC, 23Na MRI detected within‐core ischemic lesion heterogeneity. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;30:18–24. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Computerized characterization of prostate cancer by fractal analysis in MR images
Authors: Lv Dongjiao , Guo Xuemei , Wang Xiaoying , Zhang Jue , Fang Jing 
Published: June 2009

AbstractPurposeTo explore the potential of computerized characterization of prostate MR images by extracting the fractal features of texture and intensity distributions as indices in the differential diagnosis of prostate cancer.Materials and MethodsMR T2‐weighted images (T2WI) of 55 patients with pathologic results detected by ultrasound guided biopsy were collected and then divided in two groups, 27 with prostate cancer (PCa) and 28 with no histological abnormality. Texture fractal dimension (TFD) and histogram fractal dimension (HFD) were calculated to analyze complexity features of regions of Interest (ROIs) selected from the peripheral zone. Two‐sample t‐tests were performed to evaluate group differences for both parameters. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to estimate the performance of TFD and HFD for discriminating PCa.ResultsSignificant differences were found in both TFD and HFD between the two patient groups. The areas under the ROC curves of TFD and HFD were 0.691 and 0.966, respectively, in distinguishing prostatic carcinoma from normal peripheral zone. As characterized by the fractal indices, cancerous prostatic tissue exhibited smoother texture and lower variation in intensity distribution than normal prostatic tissue.ConclusionThe study suggests that TFD and HFD depict the changes in texture and intensity distribution associated with prostate cancer on T2WI. Both TFD and HFDprovide promising quantitative indices for cancer identification. HFD performs better than TFD offering a more robust MR‐based indicator in the diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;30:161–168. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reproducibility of dGEMRIC in assessment of hip joint cartilage: A prospective study
Authors: Bittersohl Bernd , Hosalkar Harish S. , Haamberg Tanja , Kim Young‐Jo , Werlen Stefan , Siebenrock Klaus A. , Mamisch Tallal C. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the reproducibility of dGEMRIC in the assessment of cartilage health of the adult asymptomatic hip joint.Materials and MethodsFifteen asymptomatic volunteers (mean age, 26.3 years ± 3.0) were preliminarily studied. Any volunteer that was incidentally diagnosed with damaged cartilage on MRI (n = 5) was excluded. Ten patients that had no evidence of prior cartilage damage (mean age, 26.2 years ± 3.4) were evaluated further in this study. The reproducibility of dGEMRIC was assessed with two T1Gd exams performed 4 weeks apart in these volunteers. The protocol involved an initial standard MRI to confirm healthy cartilage, which was then followed by dGEMRIC. The second scan included only the repeat dGEMRIC. Region of interest (ROI) analyses for T1Gd‐measurement was performed in seven radial reformats. Statistical analysis included the student's t‐test and intra‐class correlation (ICC) measurement to assess reproducibility.ResultsOverall 70 ROIs were studied. Mean cartilage T1Gd values at various loci ranged from 560.9 ms to 684.4 ms at the first set of readings and 551.5 ms to 662.2 ms in the second one. The mean difference per region of interest between the two T1Gd‐measurements ranged from 21.4 ms (3.7%) to 45.0 ms (6.8%), which was not found to be statistically significant (P = 0.153). There was a high reproducibility detected (ICC range, 0.667–0.915). Intra‐ and Inter‐observer analyses proved a high agreement for T1Gd assessment (0.973 and 0.932).ConclusionWe found dGEMRIC to be a reliable tool in the assessment of cartilage health status in adult hip joints. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;30:224–228. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Contrast‐enhanced MRI of carotid atherosclerosis: Dependence on contrast agent
Authors: Kerwin William S. , Zhao Xihai , Yuan Chun , Hatsukami Thomas S. , Maravilla Kenneth R. , Underhill Hunter R. , Zhao Xueqiao 
Published: June 2009

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the dependence of contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of carotid artery atherosclerotic plaque on the use of gadobenate dimeglumine versus gadodiamide.Materials and MethodsFifteen subjects with carotid atherosclerotic plaque were imaged with 0.1 mmol/kg of each agent. For arteries with interpretable images, the areas of the lumen, wall, and necrotic core and overlying fibrous cap (when present) were measured, as were the percent enhancement and contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR). A kinetic model was applied to dynamic imaging results to determine the fractional plasma volume, vp, and contrast agent transfer constant, Ktrans.ResultsFor 12 subjects with interpretable images, the agent used did not significantly impact any area measurements or the presence or absence of necrotic core (P > 0.1 for all). However, the percent enhancement was greater for the fibrous cap (72% vs. 54%; P < 0.05) necrotic core (51% vs. 42%; P = 0.12), and lumen (42% vs. 63%; P < 0.05) when using gadobenate dimeglumine, although no apparent difference in CNR was found. Additionally, Ktrans was lower when using gadobenate dimeglumine (0.0846 min−1 vs. 0.101 min−1; P < 0.01), although vp showed no difference (9.5% vs. 10.1%; P = 0.39).ConclusionPlaque morphology measurements are similar with either contrast agent, but quantitative enhancement characteristics, such as percent enhancement and Ktrans, differ. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;30:35–40. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MRI‐guided cryoablation: In vivo assessment of focal canine prostate cryolesions
Authors: Josan Sonal , Bouley Donna M. , van den Bosch Maurice , Daniel Bruce L. , Butts Pauly Kim 
Published: June 2009

AbstractPurposeTo analyze the appearance of acute and chronic canine prostate cryolesions on T1‐weighted (T1w) and T2‐weighted (T2w) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and compare them with contrast‐enhanced (CE) MRI and histology for a variety of freezing protocols.Materials and MethodsThree different freezing protocols were used in canine prostate cryoablation experiments. Six acute and seven chronic (survival times ranging between 4–53 days) experiments were performed. The change in T2w signal intensity was correlated with freezing protocol parameters. The lesion area on T2w MRI was compared to CE‐MRI. Histopathologic evaluation of the cryolesions was performed and visually compared to the appearance on MRI.ResultsThe T2w signal increased from pre‐ to postfreeze at the site of the cryolesion, and the enhancement was higher for smaller freeze area and duration. The T2w lesion area was between the CE nonperfused area and the hyperenhancing CE rim. The appearance of the lesion on T1w and T2w imaging over time correlated with outcome on pathology.ConclusionT1w and T2w MRI can potentially be used to assess cryolesions and to monitor tissue response over time following cryoablation. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;30:169–176. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Direct MR arthrography of the shoulder at 3 tesla: Optimization of gadolinium concentration
Authors: Shang Yao , Zheng Zhuo‐zhao , Li Xuan 
Published: June 2009

AbstractPurposeTo determine the optimal concentration of gadopentetate dimeglumine for direct shoulder MR arthrography at 3T in vivo.Materials and MethodsSixty‐eight consecutive shoulder MR arthrograms were obtained with 1 mmolGd/L (n = 12), 2 mmolGd/L (n = 12), 4 mmolGd/L (n = 12), 6 mmolGd/L (n = 12), 9 mmolGd/L (n = 10) and 12 mmolGd/L (n = 10). All postinjection fat‐suppressed T1‐weighted and T2‐weighted images were analyzed retrospectively. For qualitative evaluation, image contrast was graded on a subjective three‐level scale (excellent, moderate, and poor). For quantitative analysis, the contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) of intra‐articular fluid to muscle was measured.ResultsAll postinjection T1‐weighted images and T2‐weighted images with 1 mmolGd/L, 2 mmolGd/L, 4 mmolGd/L, and 6 mmolGd/L were qualitatively evaluated as excellent or moderate. Two of the ten 9‐mmolGd/L images and seven of the ten 12‐mmolGd/L images were rated as poor with regard to the T2 image contrast. On the T1‐weighted images, no significant difference existed between the CNRs of the six concentrations, but a peak CNR was seen at the concentration of 6 mmolGd/L. On the T2‐weighted images, CNRs at concentrations of 1 mmolGd/L, 2 mmolGd/L, 4 mmolGd/L, 6 mmolGd/L, and 9 mmolGd/L showed no statistical difference, but were all significantly higher than that with 12 mmolGd/L.ConclusionThe acceptable concentration of gadopentetate dimeglumine for shoulder MR arthrography at 3T was found to be in the range of 1 mmolGd/L to 6 mmolGd/L. 6 mmolGd/L may be the optimal concentration. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;30:229–235. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
UV‐B cloud optical properties for Canada
Authors: Binyamin Jacqueline , Davies John , McArthur Bruce 
Published: June 2009

AbstractCloud optical properties play a highly significant role in the amount of UV‐B irradiance reaching the ground. Broadband values of UV‐B cloud optical properties are calculated for nine Canadian stations from 26 years of data. Cloud single scattering albedo ωc and asymmetry factor gc are computed from Mie theory for two values of equivalent droplet radius; 7 µm for arctic stations and 10 µm for midlatitude and subarctic stations. Overcast cloud optical depths τc are estimated iteratively for a model cloud layer located between 2 and 3 km above the surface from hourly integrated spectral Brewer spectrophotometer measurements for snow‐free cases using either the discrete ordinate radiative transfer (DISORT) or the delta‐Eddington algorithms. Median τc values calculated by both algorithms compare to within 3%. Median values are smaller for arctic stations (9–18) and between 26 and 38 for the rest. Both mean and median values are negatively correlated with latitude. Aerosol effect on τc varies between 9 and 18% on average. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Novel quinolone CHM‐1 induces apoptosis and inhibits metastasis in a human osterogenic sarcoma cell line
Authors: Hsu Shu‐Chun , Yang Jai‐Sing , Kuo Chao‐Lin , Lo Chyi , Lin Jing‐Pin , Hsia Te‐Chun , Lin Jen‐Jyh , Lai Kuang‐Chi , Kuo Hsiu‐Maan , Huang Li‐Jiau , Kuo Sheng‐Chu , Wood W. Gibson , Chung Jing‐Gung 
Published: June 2009

AbstractNovel 2‐phenyl‐4‐quinolone compounds have potent cytotoxic effects on different human cancer cell lines. In this study, we examined anticancer activity and mechanisms of 20‐fluoro‐6,7‐methylenedioxy‐2‐phenyl‐4‐quinolone (CHM‐1) in human osterogenic sarcoma U‐2 OS cells. CHM‐1‐induced apoptosis was determined by flow cytometric analysis, DAPI staining, Comet assay, and caspase inhibitors. CHM‐1‐inhibited cell migration and invasion was assessed by a wound healing assay, gelatin zymography, and a Transwell assay. The mechanisms of CHM‐1 effects on apoptosis and metastasis signaling pathways were studied using Western blotting and gene expression. CHM‐1 induced G2/M arrest and apoptosis at an IC50 (3 µM) in U‐2 OS cells and caspase‐3, ‐8, and ‐9 were activated. Caspase inhibitors increased cell viability after exposure to CHM‐1. CHM‐1‐induced apoptosis was associated with enhanced ROS generation, DNA damage, decreased ΔΨm levels, and promotion of mitochondrial cytochrome c release. CHM‐1 stimulated mRNA expression of caspase‐3, ‐8, and ‐9, AIF, and Endo G. In addition, CHM‐1 inhibited cell metastasis at a low concentration (<3 µM). CHM‐1 inhibited the cell metastasis through the inhibition of MMP‐2, ‐7, and ‐9. CHM‐1 also decreased the levels of MAPK signaling pathways before leading to the inhibition of MMPs. In summary, CHM‐1 is a potent inducer of apoptosis, which plays a role in the anticancer activity of CHM‐1. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27:1637–1644, 2009
Antioxidant activity of hydrolysates derived from porcine plasma
Authors: Xu Xueming , Cao Ruyan , He Liu , Yang Na 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: In China alone, more than 400 million pigs are slaughtered each year to provide meat. Porcine blood is rich in proteins but is usually discarded, which can cause environmental contamination. Recovering porcine blood and converting it to high‐value products is therefore economically and environmentally desirable. However, very little information on antioxidant peptides from porcine blood by‐products is currently available. In this study the antioxidant properties of porcine plasma hydrolysates PPE and PPA prepared with pepsin and papain respectively were investigated.RESULTS: Both PPE and PPA showed excellent antioxidant activity in a linoleic acid system (AL) compared with α‐tocopherol (VE) at the same concentration (P < 0.01). Their activities were respectively 3.33 and 1.83 times stronger than that of VE at a concentration of 10 µg mL−1 and 5.4 and 5.6 times stronger at 100 µg mL−1. The 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical‐scavenging activity (DRSA) reached 48.4 and 43.1% for PPE and PPA respectively at 500 µg mL−1. The ferrous ion‐chelating power (FICP) of PPE at 100 µg mL−1 was about 1.5 times stronger than that of 10 µmol L−1 ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) in a 50 µmol L−1 Fe2+ system, whereas the FICP of PPA at 100 µg mL−1 was 61% that of 10 µmol L−1 EDTA. Furthermore, PPE was separated on Resource 15RPC and Superdex peptide 10/300GL columns, and the antioxidant activity of the peptides and its relationship to their polarity and molecular weight (MW) were analysed. The hydrolysate was divided into four groups (R1–R4) with hydrophobicities ranging from weak to strong by Resource 15RPC, while it was divided into three groups (S1, MW 7–12 kDa; S2, MW 3–7 kDa; S3, MW 1–3 kDa) by Superdex peptide 10/300GL.CONCLUSION: The results showed that AL was significantly and positively correlated with the relative amounts of R1, S2 and S3 and that DRSA was dependent on R3 and S1. The fractions of PPE were not responsible for FICP. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Cold storage, reconditioning potential and chip processing quality of spring potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Hermes) tubers in response to differential nitrogen fertilisation
Authors: Kyriacou Marios C , Siomos Anastasios S , Ioannides Ioannnis M , Gerasopoulos Dimitrios 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Crop management has been implicated in tuber sugar accumulation and potato processing quality. However, reports on potato postharvest behaviour, tuber composition and processing quality in response to crop nitrogen (N) fertilisation have been sparse and inconclusive. In this study, chipping potato cv. Hermes was treated with four preplanting N rates (0, 100, 200 and 300 kg ha−1) to evaluate the effect of N fertilisation on sugar accumulation profiles and processing quality at harvest, after cold storage at 4.5 °C for up to 200 days and after reconditioning at 16 °C for 10–30 days.RESULTS: Preharvest leaf petiole analysis and tuber nitrate analysis at harvest confirmed crop response to N rates. At harvest, tuber specific gravity decreased marginally beyond 200 kg N ha−1. Chip colour as well as tuber sucrose and reducing sugar (RS) content was unaffected by N fertilisation rate. During cold storage and reconditioning, tuber fresh weight loss and sprout growth were unaffected by N rate, while its effect on tuber sugar levels was either statistically or practically insignificant. Tuber sucrose and RS contents correlated highly with chip colour (r = − 0.729, P <0.001 and r = −0.791, P <0.001 respectively). Importantly, postharvest chip colour was also unaffected by N rate, though it declined markedly with the onset of cold storage and improved significantly throughout reconditioning. Differences in chip colour between years were limited but potentially critical in meeting the commercial standard.CONCLUSION: Completion of physiological crop senescence of the spring potato crop under Mediterranean climatic conditions seems to mitigate the potential interference of preplanting N fertilisation with tuber maturation and subsequently cold storage performance, reconditioning potential and processing quality. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Preparative separation and purification of liensinine, isoliensinine and neferine from seed embryo of Nelumbo nucifera GAERTN using high‐speed counter‐current chromatography
Authors: Liu Shao , Wang Bin , Li Xin‐Zhong , Qi Long‐feng , Liang Yi‐Zeng 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA preparative high‐speed counter‐current chromatography method for separation and purification of liensinine, isoliensinine and neferine from seed embryo of Nelumbo nucifera GAERTN was successfully established by using n‐hexane‐ethyl acetate‐methanol‐water (5:8:4:5, v/v, containing 0.5% NH4OH) as the two‐phase solvent system. From 200 mg of crude extract, 18.4 mg of liensinine, 19.6 mg of isoliensinine and 58.4 mg of neferine were obtained with the purity of 96.8, 95.9, and 98.6%, respectively. The identification of the three alkaloids was performed with 1H NMR and 13C NMR.
New mathematic model for predicting chiral separation using molecular docking: Mechanism of chiral recognition of triadimenol analogues
Authors: Zhang Guoqing , Sun Qingyan , Hou Ying , Hong Zhanying , Zhang Jun , Zhao Liang , Zhang Hai , Chai Yifeng 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this paper was to study the enantioseparation mechanism of triadimenol compounds by carboxymethylated (CM)‐β‐CD mediated CE. All the enantiomers were separated under the same experimental conditions to study the chiral recognition mechanism using a 30 mM sodium dihydrogen phosphate buffer at pH 2.2 adjusted by phosphoric acid. The inclusion courses between CM‐β‐CD and enantiomers were investigated by the means of molecular docking technique. It was found that there were at least three points (one hydrophobic bond and two hydrogen bonds) involved in the interaction of each enantiomer with the chiral selectors. A new mathematic model has been built up based on the results of molecular mechanics calculations, which could analyze the relationship between the resolution of enantioseparation and the interaction energy in the docking area. Comparing the results of the separation by CE, the established mathematic model demonstrated good capability to predict chiral separation of triadimenol enantiomers using CM‐β‐CD mediated CE.
Preparative isolation and purification of antioxidative stilbene oligomers from Vitis chunganeniss using high‐speed counter‐current chromatography in stepwise elution mode
Authors: He Shan , Lu Yanbin , Jiang Liyan , Wu Bin , Zhang Feiying , Pan Yuanjiang 
Published: June 2009

AbstractPreparative high‐speed counter‐current chromatography (HSCCC) was successfully applied to the isolation and purification of three stilbene oligomers from Vitis chunganeniss using stepwise elution with a pair of two‐phase solvent systems composed of n‐hexane–ethyl acetate–methanol–water at (2:5:2:5, v/v) and (1:2:1:2, v/v). The preparative HSCCC separation was performed on 800 mg of crude sample yielding hopeaphenol (21.1 mg), amurensin G (37.2 mg) and vitisin A (95.6 mg) in a one‐step separation, with purities over 95% as determined by HPLC. The structures of these three compounds were identified by MS, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. In addition, their antioxidant activities were screened by DPPH assay, where vitisin A showed strong antioxidant activity. Further EPR experiments with spin‐trapping technique demonstrated that vitisin A is a potent and selective singlet oxygen quencher, which may be used in singlet oxygen‐mediated diseases as a pharmacological agent.
The lipophilicity of parabens estimated on reverse phases chemically bonded and oil‐impregnated plates and calculated using different computation methods
Authors: Casoni Dorina , Sârbu Costel 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe chromatographic behaviour of the parabens has been investigated on RP‐18F254S, RP‐18WF254S, CNF254S, Diol F254s and silica gel 60F254 plates impregnated with different oils (paraffin, olive, sunflower and corn) using methanol–water mixtures in different volume proportions as mobile phases, the regression determination coefficients being excellent (higher than 0.98 for the majority of compounds). Moreover, highly significant correlations were obtained between different experimental indices of lipophilicity (RM0, b and scores corresponding to the first principal component (PC1)) and computed log P values. All types of stationary phases investigated appear to be highly suited for estimating the lipophilicity of the parabens.