Abstract 4793: A novel laser ablation electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LAESI-MS) platform for biomarker discovery in cancer cells
Authors: Walsh Callee M. , Reschke Brent R. , Fortney James , Piktel Debra , Razunguzwa Trust T. , Powell Matthew J. , Gibson Laura F. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Introductory Sentence: LAESI is a novel technique for the direct and rapid interrogation of cancer cells by mass spectrometry (MS) that can be used to identify potential biomarkers in live cell populations. Experimental: Presented in this work, the human leukemic cell line, REH, was cultured under 3 different conditions to represent clinically relevant scenarios. These included media alone or co-culture with human bone marrow or osteoblast cells to represent conditions in which leukemic disease originates and environments in which the therapeutic response of tumors is known to differ. In previous work, REH cells co-cultured with stromal cells have shown increased resistance to chemotherapeutic treatments prompting our interest in evaluating differences in tumor cells exposed to bone marrow microenvironment conditions compared to those deprived of these survival cues. Subsequently, these unique signatures may identify therapeutic targets of interest. To identify potential therapeutic targets, the cells were pelleted using centrifugation, washed twice, and pipetted upon slides for direct LAESI-MS analysis. The LAESI-MS analysis was performed using a Protea DP-1000 LAESI system interfaced to a Waters Synapt G2 mass spectrometer. The mid-IR laser in the DP-1000 had a maximum output energy of 1 mJ, a 200 µm spot size, and an operational frequency of 10 Hz. The MS was continually calibrated using a lockmass of m/z 445.1206 resulting in mass differences typically less than 5 ppm. After LAESI-MS analysis, the data was analyzed using MarkerLynx software and subjected to a principle component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) for identification of potential biomarkers from each treatment. Five replicates of each cell population were analyzed for statistical significance and potential biomarkers were searched against online databases based on accurate mass and confirmed using MS/MS where possible. Summary of Data: The LAESI-MS analysis of the REH cell pellets produced several notable differences in the cell populations that could aid in the identification of biomarkers responsible for the increased resistance to chemotherapeutic treatments. The LAESI-MS analysis was very rapid, requiring less than five minutes of analysis time per cell population to get an average “fingerprint” mass spectrum in addition to MS/MS spectra to aid in metabolite verification. Conclusions: LAESI-MS is a rapid analysis technique that can be used for cancer research as applied here to cell populations. A LAESI-MS analysis requires minimal sample pretreatment with simple washing and pelleting of the cells being the only requirement for the analysis. This method allows the direct analysis of live cells, which can ultimately lead to the determination of biomarkers of disease through the comparison of different cell populations.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4793. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4793