bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-objective optimisation of a 2D backward-sfacing step channel with porous baffles
Authors: Costa Sérgio Cavaleiro , Janeiro Fernando M. , Malico Isabel 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPorous baffles can be used to enhance heat transfer in various engineering applications, including electronic cooling, gas turbine blades, and chemical reactors. Also, the backward-facing step is a widely used configuration in fluid dynamics studies due to its simplicity and relevance to real-world geometries. This study examines heat transfer and flow characteristics in a backward-facing step channel featuring a heated bottom wall and two porous baffles. A computational fluid dynamics model, validated against prior research, is used to investigate flow and temperature fields. The innovation of this work lies in the application of multi-objective optimisation to search for a set of solutions that establish a trade-off between the average Nusselt number and the pressure drop. The optimisation specifically considers various parameters of the porous baffles, including height, width, distance from the step, and Darcy number, to identify optimal design configurations. Results show that porous baffles significantly improve heat transfer compared to a backward-facing step channel without them, despite an increase in pressure drop due to their presence. This work offers valuable insights into the trade-off between heat transfer performance and pressure drop, crucial for designing efficient heat transfer systems. By exploring the Pareto-Frontier, which represents various optimal design solutions, the study provides practical guidance when seeking to optimise heat transfer in backward-facing step channels with porous baffles. The findings contribute to advancing the understanding of heat transfer enhancement, highlighting the potential of porous baffles as a viable solution for improving thermal management in engineering systems.
Ultrasound and pulsed electric field treatment effect on the thermal properties, oxidative stability and fatty acid profile of oils extracted from berry seeds
Authors: Piasecka Iga , Ostrowska-Ligęza Ewa , Wiktor Artur , Górska Agata 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe seeds of berry fruits which are considered as a by-product may be valorized by recovering the oil they content. Nevertheless, the conventional extraction methods are time, energy and organic solvents consuming. In order to make extraction more environmental-friendly, alternative methods, like ultrasound-assisted and pulsed electric field-assisted processes, are being developed. The procedure of extraction may however influence the quality of obtained oil. The following study aims to define the effects of ultrasound and pulsed electric field application in the extraction process on the thermal properties, i.e., oxidative stability, melting and cyclic heating/cooling profiles, thermal decomposition characteristics. Additionally, fatty acid profile assessment was included in the study. Seeds of blackberries, blackcurrants, chokeberries, raspberries and redcurrants were used to extract oil. Based on the results, it can be summarized that extraction method influenced the resistance of oils to oxidation. Ultrasound-assisted process resulted in oils with the highest oxidation induction times. Melting profile was slightly influenced by extraction method, with peak temperatures indicating the presence of low-melting and middle-melting triacylglycerol fractions. Differential scanning calorimetry with heat/cool/heat procedure let determine crystallization peak temperatures around − 60 °C, which could be associated with the specific triacylglycerol profile of berry seed oils. The courses of thermogravimetric analysis curves were comparable for all the tested samples. The fatty acid profile study revealed that all the studied thermal properties were affected by the unique fatty acid percentage share, with a great predominance of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Obtained results allowed to conclude that extraction method influenced oxidative stability, thermal properties and fatty acid profile only to some extent. The most promising extraction method among analyzed seems to be ultrasound-assisted extraction as it provided oil with high oxidative stability, typical thermal properties and unchanged fatty acid profile, without being harmful to natural environment due to possible reduction in solvent and time consumption.
Gemini surfactants with short linkers: thermodynamics of Micelle formation
Authors: Sutorius Tom , McKim Mikeal , Aquilar Derek , Nembaware Hellen , Bachofer Steven , Sheardy Richard D. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe have been investigating the physical properties of simple Gemini surfactant with short linker chains using conductivity, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). The surfactants used here have the general formula (CH3(CH2)11)(CH3)2-N+-(CH2)n-N+(CH3(CH2)11)(CH3)2·Br2, where n = 2, 3 or 4 and, as such, are designated as 12-2-12, 12-3-12 and 12-4-12. The ultimate goal of this work was to determine the enthalpy of demicellization using ITC. To determine the proper experimental conditions, it was necessary to first determine the critical micelle concentration (cmc) using conductivity and the size of the formed micelles using DLS for each surfactant. The results indicate a number of linear relationships between the number of carbons in the linker and certain physical properties such as cmc and ΔGmic as determined by conductivity studies. As expected, demicellization is enthalpically unfavorable but entropically driven. Linear relationships are also observed between the number of linker carbons and some thermodynamic properties as determined by ITC.
Graphical abstract
Using Pattern Counts to Quantify the Difference Between a Pair of Three-Dimensional Realizations
Authors: Lilleborge Marie , Hauge Ragnar , Fjellvoll Bjørn , Abrahamsen Petter 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWhen comparing different ways of modeling discrete three-dimensional realizations such as facies, it is useful to have a measure of difference (or similarity) in the geometry of these realizations. We propose a method for evaluating such difference by comparing pattern counts for a small template. Tests on synthetic datasets demonstrate that the proposed difference effectively differentiates between realizations of a Boolean model and those generated using multiple-point statistics with the Boolean realizations as training images. We also observed that multiple-point statistics realizations based on similar training images yield smaller differences to one another compared to those based on training images from dissimilar concepts. This suggests that the proposed difference is a useful tool for comparing discrete three-dimensional realizations.
Linear Convergence of the Derivative-Free Proximal Bundle Method on Convex Nonsmooth Functions, with Application to the Derivative-Free $\mathcal{VU}$-Algorithm
Authors: Planiden C. , Rajapaksha T. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractProximal bundle methods are a class of optimisation algorithms that leverage the proximal operator to address nonsmoothness in the objective function efficiently. This study focuses on a derivative-free (DFO) proximal bundle method and one of its applications called the DFO $\mathcal{VU}$
VU
-algorithm. These algorithms incorporate approximate proximal points as subprocedures in order to optimise convex nonsmooth functions based on approximated subdifferential information. Interestingly, the classical $\mathcal{VU}$
VU
-algorithm, which operates on true subgradient values, achieves superlinear convergence. At each iteration, the algorithm divides the whole space into two: the smooth $\mathcal{U}$
U
-space and the nonsmooth $\mathcal{V}$
V
-space. It takes a Newton-like step on the $\mathcal{U}$
U
-space and a proximal-point step on the $\mathcal{V}$
V
-space, enabling it to handle both smooth and nonsmooth parts effectively and converge faster. In this work, we reveal the worst possible convergence rate for the DFO $\mathcal{VU}$
VU
-method by showing the linear convergence of the DFO proximal bundle method. This will be done by presenting a suitable framework and using the subdifferential-based error bound on the distance to critical points.
Approach to the sense of belonging: construct for the marketing of entrepreneurships in higher education
Authors: Matarranz Jose Luis , García-Madariaga Jesús , Carvajal Marisol 
Published: May 2024

SummaryThis article investigates the potential of belonging as a marketing argument, focusing on customer behaviors driven by this sense of connection with brands. This variable is explored using six robust indicators to define the sense of belonging and its relationship with customer behavior. The research was carried out in the context of Higher Education, highlighting the transformation of this area to offer continuous training and innovative skills. The article highlights the importance of incorporating belonging into marketing strategies, especially for educational institutions seeking to optimize student engagement, especially in those institutions that are the result of ventures and that have given rise to new institutions. This study reveals the sense of belonging of graduates to their institutions and highlights its importance in various sectors. Companies must strive to cultivate a sense of belonging among their customers, using marketing strategies and policies to build lasting relationships and consolidate their ventures. This latent variable has the potential to influence customer behavior and therefore deserves further study.
Erosion of the Capital City Advantage in Child Survival and Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health Intervention Coverage in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Amouzou Agbessi , Melesse Dessalegn Y. , Wehrmeister Fernando C. , Ferreira Leonardo Z. , Jiwani Safia S. , Kassegne Sethson , Maïga Abdoulaye , Faye Cheikh M. , Ca Tome , Boerma Ties ,   For The Countdown to 2030 Regional Collaboration in Sub-Saharan Africa
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe place of residence is a major determinant of RMNCH outcomes, with rural areas often lagging in sub-Saharan Africa. This long-held pattern may be changing given differential progress across areas and increasing urbanization. We assessed inequalities in child mortality and RMNCH coverage across capital cities and other urban and rural areas. We analyzed mortality data from 163 DHS and MICS in 39 countries with the most recent survey conducted between 1990 and 2020 and RMNCH coverage data from 39 countries. We assessed inequality trends in neonatal and under-five mortality and in RMNCH coverage using multilevel linear regression models. Under-five mortality rates and RMNCH service coverage inequalities by place of residence have reduced substantially in sub-Saharan Africa, with rural areas experiencing faster progress than other areas. The absolute gap in child mortality between rural areas and capital cities and that between rural and other urban areas reduced respectively from 41 and 26 deaths per 1000 live births in 2000 to 23 and 15 by 2015. Capital cities are losing their primacy in child survival and RMNCH coverage over other urban areas and rural areas, especially in Eastern Africa where under-five mortality gap between capital cities and rural areas closed almost completely by 2015. While child mortality and RMNCH coverage inequalities are closing rapidly by place of residence, slower trends in capital cities and urban areas suggest gradual erosion of capital city and urban health advantage. Monitoring child mortality and RMNCH coverage trends in urban areas, especially among the urban poor, and addressing factors of within urban inequalities are urgently needed.
“I am a survivor!”: Violently Injured Black Men’s Perceptions of Labeling After a Violent Firearm Injury
Authors: Baker Nazsa S. , VanHook Cortney , Ziminski Devon , Costa Jordan , Mitchell Michael , Lovelady Nakita 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSelf-appraisal after a life-altering event is a critical process for individuals, often comprised by assigned labels that may not align with an individuals’ perceptions of themselves or of their situation. Existing research within this victim-survivor dichotomy largely rests in the interpersonal violence space, with a victim assuming legal recourse and wrongdoing, and a survivor associating with positive personal characteristics like grit and resilience. Much existing literature on self-appraisal after interpersonal injury is heavily concentrated within the sexual violence literature, and this study applies these concepts to a sample of Black men injured by firearms. Ten Black men enrolled in a hospital-based violence intervention program (HVIP) were interviewed to understand how they label their experience of firearm injury, and if their perceptions aligned with common labels seen among other populations and/or in other areas of study (e.g., cancer, domestic violence). Each participant assigned themselves their own label, with three labels emerging: survivor, victim and survivor, and neither victim nor survivor. The results illustrate the nuance of experiences beyond the victim-survivor dichotomy, and how labels and personal identities may shift following injury into new terms and considerations of resilience and trauma processing. More research is warranted to understand the factors that shape self-labeling within this population, including influences of masculine norms, racialized stereotypes, community context, and availability of services. Findings support public awareness campaigns to reframe surviving violence as a strength, and for community partners and practitioners to increase access to culturally competent and trauma-informed mental healthcare.
Advance Care Planning (ACP) in Medicare Beneficiaries with Heart Failure
Authors: Bose Brill Seuli , Riley Sean R. , Prater Laura , Schnell Patrick M. , Schuster Anne L. R. , Smith Sakima A. , Foreman Beth , Xu Wendy Yi , Gustin Jillian , Li Yiting , Zhao Chen , Barrett Todd , Hyer J. Madison 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Heart failure is a leading cause of death in the USA, contributing to high expenditures near the end of life. Evidence remains lacking on whether billed advance care planning changes patterns of end-of-life healthcare utilization among patients with heart failure. Large-scale claims evaluation assessing billed advance care planning and end-of-life hospitalizations among patients with heart failure can fill evidence gaps to inform health policy and clinical practice.

Objective
Assess the association between billed advance care planning delivered and Medicare beneficiaries with heart failure upon the type and quantity of healthcare utilization in the last 30 days of life.

Design
This retrospective cross-sectional cohort study used Medicare fee-for-service claims from 2016 to 2020.

Participants
A total of 48,466 deceased patients diagnosed with heart failure on Medicare.

Main Measures
Billed advance care planning services between the last 12 months and last 30 days of life will serve as the exposure. The outcomes are end-of-life healthcare utilization and total expenditure in inpatient, outpatient, hospice, skilled nursing facility, and home healthcare services.

Key Results
In the final cohort of 48,466 patients (median [IQR] age, 83 [76–89] years; 24,838 [51.2%] women; median [IQR] Charlson Comorbidity Index score, 4 [2–5]), 4406 patients had an advance care planning encounter. Total end-of-life expenditure among patients with billed advance care planning encounters was 19% lower (95% CI, 0.77–0.84) compared to patients without. Patients with billed advance care planning encounters had 2.65 times higher odds (95% CI, 2.47–2.83) of end-of-life outpatient utilization with a 33% higher expected total outpatient expenditure (95% CI, 1.24–1.42) compared with patients without a billed advance care planning encounter.

Conclusions
Billed advance care planning delivery to individuals with heart failure occurs infrequently. Prioritizing billed advance care planning delivery to these individuals may reduce total end-of-life expenditures and end-of-life inpatient expenditures through promoting use of outpatient end-of-life services, including home healthcare and hospice.
Development of a High Ductility DP Steel Using a Segregation Neutralization Approach: Benchmarked Against a Commercial Dual Phase Steel
Authors: Dastur Pedram , Slater Carl , Bandi Bharath , Davis Claire 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCommercial dual-phase steels are typically synonymous with a banded distribution of martensite in their microstructures, which can degrade ductility and increase the anisotropy of mechanical properties. The concept of neutralizing the effect of Mn segregation is employed to change the distribution of martensite to a non-banded distribution. To this end, the ratio of austenite and ferrite stabilizer elements has been changed in the composition of dual-phase steel. Microstructural analysis has been carried out on both hot-rolled (ferrite + pearlite) and heat-treated (ferrite + martensite) microstructures by optical microscope and EBSD, respectively. The microstructural examinations have confirmed the non-banded distribution of second phase and more equiaxed ferrite grains in the segregated neutralized grade microstructures compared to a commercially benchmarked dual-phase steel. Tensile properties of two grades have also been assessed in hot-rolled and heat-treated conditions in RD, TD, and 45 deg tensile directions. In the case of heat-treated condition, total elongation in RD direction has been improved from 20.9 pct in benchmark dual-phase steel to 25.4 pct in segregated neutralized dual-phase steel. Tensile anisotropy results showed a significant difference in tensile strength by tensile direction in benchmark dual-phase steel in both hot-rolled (~ 85 MPa) and heat-treated conditions (~ 48 MPa), while the corresponding differences for the segregated neutralized grades were 14 and 15 MPa, respectively.
Fine-Pitch Copper Nanowire Interconnects for 2.5/3D System Integration
Authors: Bickel Steffen , Quednau Sebastian , Birlem Olav , Graff Andreas , Altmann Frank , Junghähnel Manuela , Panchenko Juliana 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHeterogeneous integration is a key driver within the field of advanced electronic packaging. The realization of tomorrow’s highly integrated electronic systems depends on the combination and compatibility of various integration technologies at the same hierarchy level. The adoption of novel bonding technologies for a cost-effective realization of multi-chiplet systems is a key aspect. Cu nanowire (NW) interconnects exhibit distinct advantages in terms of their scalability down to a few micrometers, the resulting joint properties and moderate demands with respect to the surface preparation, and the cleanliness of the bonding environment. No solder or flux is required for the bonding process, but the NW bumps still can compensate low height differences. The bonding process can be carried out near room temperature under ambient conditions. We demonstrate the technological possibility to integrate the Cu-NWs for a bump processing scheme including the Cu seed etching on 300 mm wafer for the first time. This paper focuses on the microstructure evaluation and the shear test of the formed Cu-NW interconnects fabricated under ambient conditions within a few seconds. The microstructure analysis shows the intact bonded interconnects and reveals high-resolution details of Cu-NWs. The shear strength of the formed interconnects varies between 4.6 MPa and 90.5 MPa depending on the bonding and annealing conditions. Overall, the results of this study highlight the potential of Cu-NW interconnects for future 3D heterogeneous system integration.
Myocardial Recovery and Relapse in Heart Failure With Improved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Kodur Nandan , Tang W. H. Wilson 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose of review
The purpose of this review is to discuss myocardial recovery in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and to summarize the contemporary insights regarding heart failure with improved ejection fraction (HFimpEF).

Recent findings
Improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF ≥ 40%) with improved prognosis can be achieved in one out of three (10–40%) patients with HFrEF treated with guideline-directed medical therapy. Clinical predictors include non-ischemic etiology of HFrEF, less abnormal blood or imaging biomarkers, and lack of specific pathogenic genetic variants. However, a subset of patients may ultimately relapse, suggesting that many patients are merely in remission rather than having fully recovered.

Summary
Patients with HFimpEF have improved prognosis but nonetheless remain at risk of relapse and long-term adverse events. Future studies will hopefully chart the natural history of HFimpEF and identify clinical predictors such as blood or novel imaging biomarkers that distinguish subgroups of patients based on differential trajectory and prognosis.
Where Top-Down Meets Bottom-Up: Cell-Type Specific Connectivity Map of the Whisker System
Authors: Rault Nicolas , Bergmans Tido , Delfstra Natasja , Kleijnen Bisley J. , Zeldenrust Fleur , Celikel Tansu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSensorimotor computation integrates bottom-up world state information with top-down knowledge and task goals to form action plans. In the rodent whisker system, a prime model of active sensing, evidence shows neuromodulatory neurotransmitters shape whisker control, affecting whisking frequency and amplitude. Since neuromodulatory neurotransmitters are mostly released from subcortical nuclei and have long-range projections that reach the rest of the central nervous system, mapping the circuits of top-down neuromodulatory control of sensorimotor nuclei will help to systematically address the mechanisms of active sensing. Therefore, we developed a neuroinformatic target discovery pipeline to mine the Allen Institute’s Mouse Brain Connectivity Atlas. Using network connectivity analysis, we identified new putative connections along the whisker system and anatomically confirmed the existence of 42 previously unknown monosynaptic connections. Using this data, we updated the sensorimotor connectivity map of the mouse whisker system and developed the first cell-type-specific map of the network. The map includes 157 projections across 18 principal nuclei of the whisker system and neuromodulatory neurotransmitter-releasing. Performing a graph network analysis of this connectome, we identified cell-type specific hubs, sources, and sinks, provided anatomical evidence for monosynaptic inhibitory projections into all stages of the ascending pathway, and showed that neuromodulatory projections improve network-wide connectivity. These results argue that beyond the modulatory chemical contributions to information processing and transfer in the whisker system, the circuit connectivity features of the neuromodulatory networks position them as nodes of sensory and motor integration.