bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical Composition of Kernel Fractions of Corn Samples Varying in Amylose Content1
Authors: Zuber M. S. , Deatherage W. L. , Grogan C. O. , MacMasters M. M. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisKernel fractions of corn samples varying in amylose content show that amylose percent is negatively correlated with endosperm weight and percent starch, and positively correlated with pericarp weight, germ weight, endosperm protein, and endosperm oil. The association of other kernel components, such as starch, oil, and protein, is discussed.
Effect of Fertilization on Carrying Capacity and Beef Produced by Napiergrass Pastures1
Authors: Caro‐Costas Rubén , Vicente‐Chandler José 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisIncreasing fertilization of steep napiergrass pastures in the humid mountains of Puerto Rico from 600 to 1,800 pounds per acre yearly caused increases (pounds per acre yearly): Of gains in live weight of cattle from 570 to 1,072, of dry forage consumed by cattle from 8,890 to 13,350, and of total digestible nutrients from 4,160 to 7,190. Carrying capacity increased from .95 to 1.64 standard beef cows per acre and protein content of the forage consumed from 8.1 to 15.9%. Increasing fertilization rates to 3,000 pounds did not further increase productivity of the pastures.
Corn Growth and Composition in Relation to Soil Fertility: III. Percentages of N, P and K in Different Plant Parts in Relation to Stage of Growth1
Authors: Hanway J. J. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisNutrient deficiencies were reflected in differences in percent N, P, and K in the leaves and leaf sheaths more than in other plant parts. In early season samples, differences in percentages of NO3‐N in the plant due to differences in N availability were greater than those of total N. Within each plant part the percentage of water‐soluble P was highly correlated with the percentage of total P.
Crop Residue Placement in Soil and Its Effect Upon Growth of Corn1
Authors: Parker D. T. , Larson W. E. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisA mulch of crop residue as compared to a like amount of residue plowed into the soil significantly retarded plant growth. This retardation occurred independently of N fertility, soil moisture, and soil compaction. However, interactions between residue placement and the other variables was sometimes observed.
Hydrometer Method Improved for Making Particle Size Analyses of Soils1
Authors: Bouyoucos George John 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisThe time required for dispersing soils for the hydrometer method of making particle size analyses was reduced from 25 minutes to only 2 minutes. The procedure consists of soaking the soils in a 5% Calgon solution for 15 to 20 hours and then dispersing them with a soil mixer running at a speed of about 16,000 r.p.m., for 2 minutes.
Manganese Toxicity of Burley Tobacco1
Authors: Hiatt A. J. , Ragland J. L. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisPlants grown in solution cultures began showing typical Mn toxicity symptoms when the tissue concentration reached about 3,000 ppm Mn. Excess AI in the nutrient solution caused stunting of the plants but did not cause abnormal coloring. Much of the injury from high concentrations of Mn was overcome by increasing the concentration of Fe in the nutrient solution.
Bromegrass Response to Rate and Source of Nitrogen Applied in Fall and Spring in Alaska1
Authors: Laughlin Winston M. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisAmmonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, and calcium nitrate were equally effective as nitrogen sources but urea was seldom as effective. Anhydrous ammonia and calcium cyanamide were inferior to all other carriers. Split applications spread yields out over 2 and 3 cuttings but produced no higher yields for the entire season than did the same amount of nitrogen applied only in the spring. Spring nitrogen applications generally were superior to equal quantities applied in the fall.
Effects of Soil Moisture Regime on Yield and Evapotranspiration from Cool‐Season Perennial Forage Species1
Authors: Bennett O. L. , Doss B. D. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisAll species showed an increase in yield up to the intermediate moisture regime. Water was used by all species in proportion to the amounts available for evapotranspiration. Soil moisture was first extracted near the surface and at successively lower depths as soil moisture tension increased near the surface.
Peroxidase and Polyphenoloxidase Activities and Free Ninhydrin‐Positive Substances in Underground Buds of Ironweed and Leafy Spurge1
Authors: Monson W. G. , Haskins F. A. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisPeroxidase activity in extracts of underground buds of ironweed and leafy spurge was at the lowest level during the period of dormancy in both species, and increased when dormancy was broken. Polyphenoloxidase activity of bud extracts was high for ironweed and very low for leafy spurge, and showed no relationship with dormancy in either species. Ninhydrin‐positive substances generally and sulfur‐containing amino acids in particular increased during the dormant period.
Effects of Moisture and Fertilizer on Yields of Spring Wheat and Barley1
Authors: Bauer A. , Young R. A. , Ozbun J. L. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisGrowing season precipitation and available stored soil moisture at seeding affected spring wheat and barley yield responses to N fertilizer on nonfallowed soils. Magnitude of response to N fertilizer as well as the rate required for maximum yield increased as either precipitation or stored moisture increased. As the amount of stored moisture increased, less precipitation was required to produce responses to N. Growing season precipitation plus stored moisture accounted for 40.3% of the yield response.
Effect of Nitrogen Rate and Irrigation on Yield and Residual Nitrogen Recovery by Warm‐Season Grasses1
Authors: Ashley D. A. , Bennett O. L. , Doss B. D. , Scarsbrook C. E. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisCoastal bermudagrass produced the largest forage yields with Pensacola bahiagrass and dallisgrass following in that order. Yield and N content of bermudagrass were increased through the highest N rate, 900 pounds per acre. Nitrogen content of bahiagrass and dallisgrass was increased through the highest rate, with yield increases through the 600‐pounds‐per‐acre N rate. Irrigation increased yields and N recovery during periods of low rainfall. The percent of applied N recovered decreased as N rate increased and was highest on Coastal bermudagrass.
Response of Orchardgrass to Fail‐and Spring‐Applied Nitrogen1
Authors: Kresge C. B. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisUrea and (NH4)2SO4, applied in late November or mid‐December produced orchardgrass forage yields comparable to those from a March application. However, N recovery was highest from the spring application,. Nitrate from NH4NO3 apparently leached over winter, making this N source inferior for late fall fertilization, Ureaformaldehyde showed promise only on a long term basis.
Influence of Male‐Sterility on Nitrogen Utilization in Corn, Zea mays L.1
Authors: Sanford J. O. , Grogan C. O. , Jordan H. V. , Sarvella P. A. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisConsiderably more N accumulated in fertile tassels than in sterile tassels. Subsequent to the shedding of pollen, there was no difference in the N content of fertile and sterile tassels. Sterile plants accumulated more N in ears and husks than did fertile plants due to the greater yield and number of ears produced by sterile plants. There were only slight differences between fertile and sterile plants in N content of leaves and stalks. The data suggest that the comparatively fewer ears per plant produced by the fertile versions were due to competition for N between the ear primordia and the pollen.
Intra‐Cultivaral Variation in Hard Red Winter Wheat1
Authors: Heyne E. G. , Siddig Mohamed Ahmed 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisSelections were made from 31 wheat breeding lines and cultivars that were phenotypically similar to the original. One to 15 lines were compared with the original and with the bulk of all the selected lines. On the average, the original and bulks gave more consistent performances than the individual selections, suggesting that a cultivar in hard red winter wheat need not consist of a single genotype but of several phenotypically similar lines. Fifteen to 85 lines adequately represented the original.
Relative Efficiency of Broadcast Versus Banded Phosphorus for Corn1
Authors: Welch L. F. , Mulvaney D. L. , Boone L. V. , McKibben G. E. , Pendleton J. W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractExperiments were conducted on Zanesville, Elliott, and Muscatine soils to determine the relative efficiency, with respect to corn yields, of broadcast P as compared to banded P. The 16 fertilizer treatments consisted of 4 rates of banded P and 4 rates of broadcast P in factorial combinations.Yields from each of the 3 soils were used to calculate a multiple regression equation for each soil. The equation is of a quadratic form, and it expresses the relation between yield and rates of banded and broadcast P. The regression equations account for 77 to 88% of the variation in yield.The largest yield increases from added P were 1287, 1474, and 873 pounds of corn per acre for the Zanesville, Elliott, and Muscatine soils, respectively. With all the P either banded or broadcast, the relative efficiency of broadcast P ranged from 0.49 to 1.23 for the 3 soils For a given soil, the relative efficiency of broadcast P varied with rate. At 35.2 pounds of P added per acre, higher yields were obtained on Zanesville and Elliott soils if a combination of banded and broadcast application were used than if all the P was added either banded or broadcast. Banding all the P gave higher yields than the other application methods if 17.6 and 8.8 pounds of P per acre were added. Yields from the Muscatine soil were not dependent on whether all the P was drilled, broadcast, or applied by a combination of both methods.
Conservation of Soil Nitrogen in a Wheat Summer Fallow Farming Practice1
Authors: Oveson M. M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractComparisons were made on the effect wheat straw had on the soil nitrogen and on the yield of wheat, in a wheat summer fallow system of cropping from 1931 to 1964.When the wheat straw was burned, either in the fall following the crop or in the spring before plowing, the soil nitrogen level showed a continuous downward trend over the 34‐year cropping period.When the wheat straw was returned to the soil without added nitrogen in some form, no additional benefit was gained over burning the straw, either in retaining the soil nitrogen or increasing wheat yields.When some form of nitrogenous fertilizer, either as legume straw, strawy manure, or commercial fertilizer was added to the wheat straw before plowing, the results were improved nitrogen retention and increased wheat yields.The yields of wheat over the period studied showed a definite relationship to the total nitrogen level found in the surface foot of soil.
Timing of N Fertilization of Rice. I. Effect of Applications Near Midseason on Varietal Performance1
Authors: Sims J. L. , Hall V. L. , Johnston T. H. 
Published: July 2010

abstractField studies were conducted on Crowley silt loam soil in 1963, 1964, and 1965 to determine the optimum time near the middle of the growing season to apply N fertilizer to rice (Oryza sativa L.) and also to study interactions of time, N rates, and years. Forty pounds per acre of N was applied to all plots about 15 days after seedling emergence and just before flooding. The optimum time for the second application of N was that which resulted in near‐minimum plant height and lodging, with near‐maximum grain yield. Topdress N was applied at 3 levels to drained soil at each of 5 times near midseason, and plots were immediately reflooded. The source was ammonium sulfate.Varieties (cultivars) used were 'Vegold,' 'Nato,' and 'Bluebonnet 50,' which are classed, respectively, as very‐short‐season, short‐season, and midseason in maturity.Yields of grain were inversely related to plant height and lodging, and generally increased with time of N application up to 50, 67, and 79 days from emergence for Vegold, Nato, and Bluebonnet 50, respectively. N applied earlier than 45, 55, and 65 days to Vegold, Nato, and Bluebonnet 50, respectively, stimulated vegetative growth and resulted in taller plants, greater lodging, and lowered grain yields. Grain yield differences as great as 1,000 pounds, as an average of all N rates, could be attributed to time of N application.Significant rate × time and year × time interactions occurred. Rates of N generally had little or no effect on grain yield and plant height at treatment dates which gave maximum grain yield. However, high rates at early dates of application tended to depress grain yields and increase plant height and lodging. Maximum grain yield and significant reductions in plant height and lodging resulted from earlier treatments in 1964 (a year in which plants grew faster) than in 1963 or 1965.
Soil Texture Influence on Applied Nitrogen Recovery1
Authors: Nash Ralph G. , Johnson Donal D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe influence of soil texture on N (nitrogen) recovery from fertilizer NH4+‐N or NO3−‐N by several grass species was determined in the absence of nitrification. Grasses were grown in Terry silty clay soil in which the texture was varied by dilution with sand. The soils were treated with 0, 100, and 200 ppm N and 8 or 24 ppm 2‐chloro‐6 (trichloromethyl)pyridine, a nitrification inhibitor.Soil texture had no influence on added N recovery from NO3−‐N, but increased N amounts were recovered from the finer‐textured soils when NH4+‐N was the fertilizer source. Nitrogen recovered from the NO3−‐N (78%) source was greater than from NH4+‐N (48%). Lower NH4+‐N recoveries were attributed to NH3 volatilization from these calcareous soils. The nitrification inhibitor probably enhanced the loss of N when applied under the conditions used here.Nitrate N was accounted for in most cases when the increases in soil N were added to that found in the plants. Only 50% of the 100 ppm rate, and 70% of 200 ppm rate of NH4+‐N, were accounted for by this method. Recovery efficiency of native soil N was less than that of the fertilizer N.
“Runoff Farming” in the Desert. I. Experimental Layout1
Authors: Evenari M. , Shanan L. , Tadmor N. H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAn experiment was established to grow fruit trees, field crops and pasture plants in a 100 mm winter rainfall desert region by harvesting surface runoff from small desert watersheds. Experimental conditions and layout are described in the first of a series of papers dealing with the results of the experiment.
Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilization for Production of Crested Wheatgrass and Native Grass in Northeastern Montana1
Authors: Black A. L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNitrogen and N‐P fertilization consistently increased forage yields of native grass and crested wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum [Fisch.] Schult., ‘Standard’). Plant responses were greatest the year of fertilization, but residual effects were significant 1 to 2 years later. Aplications of N at rates of 45 kg/ha or greater, regardless of P treatment, increased water‐use efficiencies of both grasses 1.5‐ to 2.5‐fold for 2 to 3 years. Increased wateruse efficiency was at least partly due to more efficient extraction of subsoil water. Plant P content was increased substantially by applied P the year of application and 3 years later, regardless of N treatment. Plant recovery of N applied alone at rates of 45 or 90 kg/ha for the 4‐year period averaged 65.8% for crested wheatgrass and 60.0% for native grass. Recovery of N applied in combination with P averaged 73.1% for crested wheatgrass but only 38.2% for native grass. Phosphorus fertilizer stimulated uptake of soil N by both grasses about 20%. Nitrogen increased the 4‐year production of crude protein 1.5‐ to 2.6‐fold for both grasses. High N fertilizer rates were more economical than low N rates, regardless of P treatment.
Plant Absorption of Dieldrin, DDT, and Endrin from Soils
Authors: Nash Ralph G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWheat seedlings grown in Lakeland sandy loam soils treated with dieldrin‐14C and DDT‐14C absorbed and translocated 14C residues to the shoots. Based upon 14C, dieldrin residues in wheat increased in direct proportion to soil application rate. 14C concentration in wheat was approximately 18% of the soil dieldrin‐14C content, whereas the range of 14C from DDT‐14C was from 3 to 10% of the treated soils.Soybeans, grown to maturity in endrin‐14C treated Lakeland and Hagerstown soils, absorbed and translocated endrin‐14C to the hay and seeds. Absorption from the Lakeland soil was twice that from the Hagerstowns oil. However, seed residues were essentially the same. 14C equivalent of endrin in the seed was 0.12 ppm. Endrin residues in soybean shoots increased linearly with time. Radioactivity from extracted soybean hay was identical to that of authentic endrin‐l4C, when measured qualitatively by thin‐layer chromatography.
Influence of Night Temperature on Growth and Development of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). I. Fruiting and Boll Development1
Authors: Gipson J. R. , Joham H. E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDifferent night temperature regimes were maintained throughout the boll development period on cotton growing in the field during the 1963, 1964, and 1965 seasons. Both fruiting and boll development were found to be closely associated with night temperature. Decreased night temperature resulted in the formation of more flowers and, in some cases, increased fruit set. Relative fruitfulness increased as night temperature decreased between the interval of 21 and 8.8 C and 21 and 14.4 C with ‘Paymaster’ and ‘Acala’ varieties respectively. Temperatures above 19.4 and below 13.3 C reduced fruiting index. Rate of boll development was inversely related to temperature, with a decrease of either day or night temperature resulting in slower boll dvelopment, thus, increasing boll periods. However, in this work night temperature was the dominant environmental factor associated with boll periods. In general, the Paymaster variety appeared to be better adapted to low night temperatures than the Acala variety.
Significance of Fluctuations in Sky Radiant Emittance for Infrared Thermometry1
Authors: Idso Sherwood B. , Jackson Ray D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA theoretical analysis of clear sky radiant emittance in the 600 to 1300 cm−1 waveband showed that this energy flux should be fairly constant over a diurnal period, contrary to some recently reported measurements. New experiments revealed this to be true and indicated that the source of error in the earlier work was due to equipment malfunction. The errors in radiometrically determined surface temperatures caused by neglecting the small variations which do occur were determined to be less than the limits of accuracy of present‐day infrared thermometers in many applications of infrared thermometry to soil and plant research. A nomogram predicted the temperature error to be expected from neglect of clear sky radiant emittance variations for surfaces with temperatures between 0 and 60 C and infrared emittances between 1.00 and 0.90.
A Mechanism for Premature Parenchyma Breakdown in Corn (Zea Mays L.)1
Authors: Liebhardt W. C. , Stangel P. J. , Murdock T. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractResearch was initiated to find possible mechanisms causing premature breakdown of parenchyma in the lower third of K‐deficient corn stalks. Three possible mechanisms were postulated. These were: cell wall deterioration, excessive translocation of carbohydrate from storage tissue due to the polarizing effect of the ear, and inhibition of protein synthesis. As a result of fractionation of carbohydrate and nitrogenous components and other experiments with K‐deficient and ‐sufficient corn, it is proposed that the major phenomenon causing parenchyma breakdown is probably the translocation of compounds from the stalk to the ear. This breakdown does not occur unless an ear is present on the plant, therefore, it is proposed that translocation of materials from the stalk to the ear is necessary for the breakdown to take place.
Moisture Use by Selected Forage Crops1
Authors: Cohen O. P. , Strickling E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSoil moisture measurements were made under alfalfa, tall fescue, and bermudagrass, receiving two levels of nitrogen fertilization, and bare fallow. The measurements were analyzed in order to determine the moisture use patterns of the various plants.All species in this study used approximately the same amount of water during the growing season. Soil moisture loss continued at a nearly uniform rate until approximately 63.5 mm of moisture was used; subsequently, the rate of moisture loss decreased. The growth of the plants was curtailed even though water, in the available range, was present at a depth of 15.2 cm and below. In this experiment, bermudagrass receiving 450 kg of N per hectare produced more dry matter than bermudagrass receiving 112 kg of N per hectare with no significant difference in water consumption. After a rain which did not completely wet the soil profile, moisture was used throughout the whole root zone and not exclusively from the depth wetted by the rain.The advantages ascribed to deep‐rooted perennial crops with regard to moisture use were not apparent in this study.
Sprinkler and Surface Irrigation of Vegetable and Field Crops in an Arid Environment1
Authors: Robinson F. E. , McCoy O. D. , Worker G. F. , Lehman W. F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSolid set sprinkler irrigation with 3 mm/hour application rate was compared to flood irrigation in a clay soil and to furrow irrigation in a sandy clay loam. Equivalent volumes of water removed greater quantities of salt from the soil profile under sprinklers in the clay soil. Surface salt accumulation was greater under furrow irrigation in the sandy clay loam. Emergence and early growth rates of five field crops were equal or better under sprinkling in the clay soil. Early growth rates of 10 vegetable crops were equal or greater under sprinklers on the sandy clay loam. Final yields indicate the sprinkler irrigation will require more frequent applications than the surface systems. Sprinkler irrigation was shown to have a higher water use efficiency than the surface systems. A change in bed conformity made possible by sprinkling greatly increased the yield potential of vegetable crops.
Comparison of the Effects of Crownvetch (Coronilla varia L.) and Alfalfa Hays on the Liveweight Gain of Sheep1
Authors: Reynolds Paul J. , Jackson Charlie , Henson Paul R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractEarly cut crownvetch (Coronilla varia L.) and alfalfa hays of similar chemical composition were compared in a 70‐day feeding experiment, using 6‐month‐old crossbred wethers. The two forages in either pelleted or ground form were fed ad libitum as the sole diet. Liveweight gain was greater on alfalfa than on crownvetch and greater on pelleted forage than ground forage. Forage consumption was generally high. Consumption of pelleted forage was considerably greater than that of ground forage. Digestibility of crownvetch was generally less than that of alfalfa. Overall, the lesser liveweight gains on crownvetch were attributable to its lesser digestibility and, in the case of ground forage, to its lesser consumption as well. The differences in digestibility of the structural components of the two forages did not appear to be related to the degree of lignification of lignocellulose.