bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Different Treatment Modalities for Condylar Fractures in Childhood on Mandibular Symmetry and Temporomandibular Joint Function: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Shiyan Wu , Shi Jun , Zhang Wenbin 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
In a retrospective study of the effects of different treatment modalities of condylar fractures in childhood on mandibular symmetry and temporomandibular function, the cases selected for this article were adult patients who had sustained a condylar fracture in childhood. The aim was to investigate the effects of condylar fractures in children on the development and function of the mandible and their specific manifestations after the completion of mandibular development.

Methods:
According to the different treatment modalities, the patients were divided into the conservative treatment group and the open surgical treatment group, and the effects of the 2 treatment modalities on the patients’ condylar healing, the difference in growth ability, and the symmetry of the jaws were evaluated. The effects of different treatment modalities of children’s condylar fracture on the growth, development, and function of the mandible were investigated using the Ai and Di, the grading of the imaging results, and the 3-dimensional CT fixation measurements from the aspects of both clinical examination and imaging examination.

Results:
The 2 groups had condylar malalignment and condylar morphology abnormality, and there was one case of joint ankylosis in the surgical treatment group. There was a statistical difference in the evaluation of condylar reconstruction between the 2 groups, and the condylar reconstruction in the surgical treatment group was better than that in the conservative treatment, and there was a statistical difference between the condylar length, condylar width, condylar height, and depth of TMJ fossa between the healthy side and the affected side in the closed treatment group. There was a statistical difference in the height of the mandibular ascending branch between the healthy side and the affected side, and the unilateral condylar fracture was treated conservatively; the difference in the bony chin point deviation between the 2 groups was not statistically significant.

Conclusion:
In children, after conservative treatment of condylar fracture, the growth of condylar process is poor, and the condylar shape and position are not as good as surgical repositioning, but through the proliferation of temporomandibular joint fossa, it can make up for the insufficient height of condylar process, which has no effect on the symmetry of the mandible, and the surgical treatment can achieve good anatomical repositioning, which has a greater effect on the symmetry of the mandible than the conservative treatment.
Facial Trauma Affects the Radiological Diagnosis of Nasal Bone Fractures
Authors: Kim Daehyun , Oh Joon Taek , Ahn Sang Hyeon , Kim Hyun Jin , Bae Mi Rye 
Published: May 2024

Objectives:
Timely and accurate diagnosis of nasal bone fractures (NBFs) is crucial for preserving the cosmetic and functional aspects of the nose. This study aims to identify factors influencing radiographic and computed tomography (CT) diagnosis of NBF in patients with nasal trauma.

Methods:
Two hundred six patients with acute nasal trauma underwent both conventional radiography and facial bone CT. An experienced otorhinolaryngologist independently interpreted images. Results were categorized into “Concordance” or “Discrepancy” groups, with demographic and clinical data compared.

Results:
The study classified 167 patients into “Concordance” and 39 into “Discrepancy” groups based on radiography and CT interpretations. The “discrepancy group” showed higher rates of previous nasal bone fractures (P=0.044), rhinoplasty history (P=0.044), and concomitant facial bone fractures (P=0.001). Adjusted odds ratios revealed significant associations between discrepancies and a history of nasal bone fracture (OR=5.197, 95% CI 1.165–23.171), rhinoplasty (OR=6.114, 95% CI 1.393–26.847), and concomitant facial bone fractures (OR=3.765, 95% CI 1.663–8.523).

Conclusion:
This study highlights the impact of facial trauma, including rhinoplasty, on the radiological diagnosis of NBF. Consequently, in the presence of signs of concurrent facial trauma, previous nasal trauma, or rhinoplasty history, a prompt CT scan and comprehensive evaluation are recommended for accurate diagnosis and timely treatment, ultimately improving the patient’s prognosis.
Submental Artery Perforator Flap Drained Solely With the Vena Comitans of Facial Artery
Authors: Qin Qingyan , Chu Tianshu , Fu Yongzhen , Zhao Yitong , Yang Huihui , Liu Qilin 
Published: May 2024

Background:
The submental artery perforator flap (SMAPF) is an alternative to reconstruct oral and maxillofacial defects secondary to oral cancers. However, vascular anomalies or surgical damage often lead to vascular crises or harvest failure. Our clinical findings suggest that the vena comitans of the facial artery (cFA) very commonly exist. This study aimed to investigate the reliability of the cFA as a sole venous reflux route for the SMAPF.

Method:
The patients were from the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University. All patients were treated for oral cancer between January 2016 and September 2022. Seventeen SMAPFs were successfully raised to reconstruct the postoperative defects, of which 7 had cFA as the sole reflux route.

Results:
The size of the flaps varied from 4.0×3.0 cm to 12.0×3.0 cm. All flaps survived. Patients were followed from 1 month to 5 years. Satisfactory restoration of contour and functional outcomes were achieved at the recipient sites. The scars were well camouflaged in the submental region. No local or regional recurrence was detected during follow-up. Patients had an overall 2-year survival rate of 100% with no suspected flaps-related recurrence.

Conclusions:
The cFA as the sole venous reflux route for SMAPF is reliable for flap harvesting and is applicable for immediate defect reconstruction secondary to cancer resection.
Health service use in major trauma survivors: A population-based cohort study from Ontario, Canada
Authors: Evans Christopher C. D. , Li Wenbin 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND
Little is known about how major trauma survivors access health services in the years following their injury. Our study sought to characterize patterns of health services use in trauma survivors following discharge from a provincial trauma center and to identify sociodemographic factors associated with service utilization.

METHODS
We conducted a population-based retrospective case-control study using linked administrative data on trauma survivors' population-based controls between April 1, 2011, and March 31, 2021. For each major trauma survivor, we matched four cases based on age and sex. The primary outcome was the composite rate (sum) of health service use episodes including outpatient visits to family physicians and specialists, emergency department visits, and acute care hospital admissions during the 5-year period following discharge from the trauma center. We used multivariate regression to compute rate ratios comparing the rates of health service use in trauma survivors versus controls and to assess for associations between sociodemographic variables and health services use.

RESULTS
The study cohort consisted of a total of 273,406 individuals: 55,060 trauma survivors and 218,346 controls. Trauma survivors were predominately males (71%) with a median age of 46 years (interquartile range, 26–65 years). Health service use in trauma survivors peaked within a year of hospital discharge but remained increased throughout the follow-up period. Trauma survivorship was associated with a 56% increase in overall health services use (adjusted rate ratio, 1.56; 95% confidence interval, 1.55–1.57), including an 88% increase in hospital admissions (adjusted rate ratio, 1.88; 95% confidence interval, 1.85–1.92). Male sex and rural residence were associated with a reduced overall use of health services but greater use of emergency department services.

CONCLUSION
Major trauma survivors have long-term health services needs that persist for years after discharge from the trauma center. Future research should focus on the understanding why trauma survivors have prolonged health services requirements and ensure that care needs are aligned with service delivery.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic and Epidemiological; Level IV.
K-means clustering of hyperpolarised13C-MRI identifies intratumoural perfusion/metabolism mismatch in renal cell carcinoma as best predictor of highest grade
Authors: Horvat-Menih Ines , Khan Alixander S , McLean Mary A , Duarte Joao , Serrao Eva , Ursprung Stephan , Kaggie Joshua D , Gill Andrew B , Priest Andrew N , Crispin-Ortuzar Mireia , Warren Anne Y , Welsh Sarah J , Mitchell Thomas J , Stewart Grant D , Gallagher Ferdia A 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeConventional renal mass biopsy approaches are inaccurate, potentially leading to undergrading. This study explored using hyperpolarised [1-13C]pyruvate MRI (HP13C-MRI) to identify the most aggressive areas within the tumour of patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).Experimental designSix patients with ccRCC underwent presurgical HP13C-MRI and conventional contrast-enhanced MRI. Three k-means clusters were computed by combining thekPLas a marker of metabolic activity, and the13C-pyruvate signal-to-noise ratio (SNRPyr) as a perfusion surrogate. Combined clusters were compared to those derived from individual parameters and to those derived from percentage enhancement on nephrographic phase (%NG). The diagnostic performance of each cluster was assessed based on its ability to predict the highest histological tumour grade in postsurgical tissue samples. Tissues were further subject to MCT1 staining, RNA and whole-exome sequencing.ResultsForty-four samples were collected in total. The clustering approach combining SNRPyrandkPLdemonstrated the best performance for predicting highest tumour grade: specificity 85%; sensitivity 64%; positive predictive value 82%; and negative predictive value 68%. Epithelial MCT1 was identified as the major determinant of the HP13C-MRI signal. The perfusion/metabolism mismatch cluster showed increased expression of metabolic genes and markers of aggressiveness, which may be due to genetic divergence.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the potential of using HP13C-MRI-derived metabolic clusters to identify intratumoral variations in tumour grade with high specificity. This work supports the use of metabolic imaging to guide biopsies to the most aggressive tumour regions, which could potentially reduce sampling error.
Histone deacetylase 1 and 2 play essential roles in alveolar macrophage homeostasis
Authors: Lai Wenlong , Luo Maocai , Li Xiaoguang , He Zhimin , Wu Tao , Wu Li 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAlveolar macrophages (AMs) are the primary lung-resident macrophages that play a pivotal role in pathogen clearance and surfactant homeostasis. The precise molecular mechanisms that maintaining AM homeostasis remain incompletely understood. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) 1 and 2 are pleiotropic enzymes removing acetyl moieties from histone proteins, facilitating transcriptional repression via chromatin condensation.Hdac1andHdac2exhibit a broad tissue distribution and modulate various cellular processes across multiple tissues. In this study, we examined the role ofHdac1andHdac2in AM homeostasis. By usingCd11c-Cre andLyz2-Cre mouse strain to mediate deletion ofHdac1andHdac2in AMs, we found simultaneous loss of bothHdac1andHdac2caused profound defect of AMs. These HDACs deficient mice spontaneously developed pulmonary alveolar proteinosis syndrome and lost resistance to influenza virus. We further found up-regulation of pro-apoptotic proteins in AMs with HDACs defect, which caused apoptosis of AM. Taken together, these observations shed light on the roles ofHdac1andHdac2as key epigenetic regulators in maintaining integrity of the AMs.
Are the Next-Generation Pathogenicity Predictors Applicable to Cancer?
Authors: Ostroverkhova Daria , Sheng Yiru , Panchenko Anna 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNext-generation pathogenicity predictors are designed to identify pathogenic mutations in genetic disorders but are increasingly used to detect driver mutations in cancer. Despite this, their suitability for cancer is not fully established. Here we have assessed the effectiveness of next-generation pathogenicity predictors when applied to cancer by using a comprehensive experimental benchmark of cancer driver and neutral mutations. Our findings indicate that state-of-the-art methods AlphaMissense and VARITY demonstrate commendable performance despite generally underperforming compared to cancer-specific methods. This is notable considering that these methods do not explicitly incorporate cancer-specific information in their training and have made concerted efforts to prevent data leakage from the human-curated training and test sets. Nevertheless, it should be mentioned that a significant limitation of using pathogenicity predictors for cancer arises from their inability to detect cancer potential driver mutations specific for a particular cancer type.
Oseltamivir (Tamiflu), a Commonly Prescribed Antiviral Drug, Mitigates Hearing Loss in Mice
Authors: Sailor-Longsworth Emma , Lutze Richard D. , Ingersoll Matthew A. , Kelmann Regina G. , Ly Kristina , Currier Duane , Chen Taosheng , Zuo Jian , Teitz Tal 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHearing loss affects up to 10% of all people worldwide, but currently there is only one FDA-approved drug for its prevention in a subgroup of cisplatin-treated pediatric patients. Here, we performed an unbiased screen of 1,300 FDA-approved drugs for protection against cisplatin-induced cell death in an inner ear cell line, and identified oseltamivir phosphate (brand name Tamiflu), a common influenza antiviral drug, as a top candidate. Oseltamivir phosphate was found to be otoprotective by oral delivery in multiple established cisplatin and noise exposure mouse models. The drug conferred permanent hearing protection of 15-25 dB SPL for both female and male mice. Oseltamivir treatment reduced in mice outer hair cells death after cisplatin treatment and mitigated cochlear synaptopathy after noise exposure. A potential binding protein, ERK1/2, associated with inflammation, was shown to be activated with cisplatin treatment and reduced by oseltamivir cotreatment in cochlear explants. Importantly, the number of infiltrating immune cells to the cochleae in mice post noise exposure, were significantly reduced with oseltamivir treatment, suggesting an anti-inflammatory mechanism of action. Our results support oseltamivir, a widespread drug for influenza with low side effects, as a promising otoprotective therapeutic candidate in both cisplatin chemotherapy and traumatic noise exposure.
Network approach reveals preferential T-cell and macrophage association with α-linked β-cells in early stage of insulitis in NOD mice
Authors: Balasenthilkumaran Nirmala V. , Whitesell Jennifer C. , Pyle Laura , Friedman Rachel , Kravets Vira 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOne of the challenges in studying islet inflammation – insulitis – is that it is a transient phenomenon. Traditional reporting of the insulitis progression is based on cumulative, donor-averaged values of leucocyte density in the vicinity of pancreatic islets, that hinders intra- and inter-islet heterogeneity of disease progression. Here, we aimed to understand why insulitis is non-uniform, often with peri-insulitis lesions formed on one side of an islet. To achieve this, we demonstrated applicability of network theory in detangling intra-islet multi-cellular interactions during insulitis. Specifically, we asked the question “what is unique about regions of the islet which interact with immune cells first”. This study utilized the non-obese diabetic mouse model of type one diabetes and examined the interplay among α-, β-, T-cells, myeloid cells, and macrophages in pancreatic islets during the progression of insulitis. Disease evolution was tracked based on T/β cell ratio in individual islets. In the early stage, we found that immune cells are preferentially interacting with α-cell-rich regions of an islet. At the islet periphery α-linked β-cells were found to be targeted significantly more compared to those without α-cell neighbors. Additionally, network analysis revealed increased T-myeloid, and T-macrophage interactions with all β-cells.
On the completeness of existing RNA fragment structures
Authors: Hong Xu , Zhan Jian , Zhou Yaoqi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSuccess in protein structure prediction by the deep learning method AlphaFold 2 naturally gives arise the question if we can do the same for RNA structure prediction. One reason for the success in protein structure prediction is that the structural space of proteins at the fragment level has been nearly complete for many years. Here, we examined the completeness of RNA fragment structural space at dimeric, trimeric, tetrameric, and pentameric levels. We showed that the RNA structural space is not even complete at the di-nucleotide level, whereas the exponential increase of new structural fragments is observed at tetrameric and pentameric levels. Moreover, the number of backbone fragments found in RNA (2510) is far smaller than the number of backbone fragments found in proteins (6652). This further suggests that a structural space currently observed in RNA is far from complete, considering that the RNA backbone (6 torsion angles) has more degrees of freedom than the protein backbone (3 torsion angles with one nearly fixed). In addition, we found that the three-atom representation (one backbone atom C4’ and two sidechain atoms C1’ and N1) has the lowest number of structural fragments, suggesting it as the most “stable” structural frame for building up the entire RNA structure.
Collagen I is a critical organizer of scarring and CNS regeneration failure
Authors: Bi Yihui , Duan Wenxiu , Silver Jerry 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAlthough axotomized neurons retain the ability to initiate the formation of growth cones and attempt to regenerate after spinal cord injury, the scar area formed as a result of the lesion in most adult mammals contains a variety of reactive cells that elaborate multiple extracellular matrix and enzyme components that are not suitable for regrowth1,2. Newly migrating axons in the vicinity of the scar utilize upregulated LAR family receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases, such as PTPσ, to associate with extracellular chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans (CSPGs), which have been discovered to tightly entrap the regrowing axon tip and transform it into a dystrophic non-growing endball. The scar is comprised of two compartments, one in the lesion penumbra, the glial scar, composed of reactive microglia, astrocytes and OPCs; and the other in the lesion epicenter, the fibrotic scar, which is made up of fibroblasts, pericytes, endothelial cells and inflammatory cells. While the fibrotic scar is known to be strongly inhibitory, even more so than the glial scar, the molecular determinants that curtail axon elongation through the injury core are largely uncharacterized. Here, we show that one sole member of the entire family of collagens, collagen I, creates an especially potent inducer of endball formation and regeneration failure. The inhibitory signaling is mediated by mechanosensitive ion channels and RhoA activation. Staggered systemic administration of two blood-brain barrier permeable-FDA approved drugs, aspirin and pirfenidone, reduced fibroblast incursion into the complete lesion and dramatically decreased collagen I, as well as CSPG deposition which were accompanied by axonal growth and considerable functional recovery. The anatomical substrate for robust axonal regeneration was provided by laminin producing GFAP+and NG2+bridging cells that spanned the wound. Our results reveal a collagen I-mechanotransduction axis that regulates axonal regrowth in spinal cord injury and raise a promising strategy for rapid clinical application.
Age-dependent variation of aedeagal morphology inAgabus uliginosusand the status ofA. lotti(Coleoptera, Dytiscidae)
Authors: Dettner Konrad , Kovács Zsolt , Rewicz Tomasz , Csabai Zoltan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe taxonomic status ofAgabus lottiwithin theAgabus uliginosusspecies group has been a subject of debate due to morphological similarities and lack of molecular data. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive morphological and molecular analysis of specimens from Central Europe, focusing on the Hungarian population. Morphological comparisons of genital structures revealed age-dependent variations, suggesting a gradual transition fromA. lottitoA. uliginosus. Molecular analysis of COI sequences further supported this hypothesis, showing minimal genetic differences among most specimens, with only one individual exhibiting distinctiveness. Therefore,A. lottishould be regarded as a junior synonym ofA. uliginosus. Our findings also highlight the need for additional multi-marker studies covering a broader geographic range and including both molecular and morphological approaches to elucidate the taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships within this species group. The inclusion of Hungarian samples notably enriched the diversity of haplotypes, emphasizing the importance of expanding sampling efforts in future research.
HIV BG505 SOSIP.664 trimer with 3M-052-AF/alum induces human autologous tier-2 neutralizing antibodies
Authors: Hahn William O , Parks K. Rachael , Shen Mingchao , Ozorowski Gabriel , Janes Holly , Ballweber-Fleming Lamar , Woodward Davis Amanda S , Duplessis Chris , Tomai Mark , Dey Antu K , Sagawa Zachary K. , De Rosa Stephen C , Seese Aaron , Siddaramaiah Latha Kallur , Stamatatos Leonidas , Lee Wen-Hsin , Sewall Leigh M , Karlinsey Dalton , Turner Hannah L , Rubin Vanessa , Furth Sarah , MacPhee Kellie , Duff Michael , Corey Lawrence , Keefer Michael C , Edupuganti Srilatha , Frank Ian , Maenza Janine , Baden Lindsey R , Hyrien Ollivier , Sanders Rogier W. , Moore John P. , Ward Andrew B , Tomaras Georgia D , Montefiori David C , Rouphael Nadine , McElrath M Juliana 
Published: May 2024

AbstractStabilized trimers preserving the native-like HIV envelope structure may be key components of a preventive HIV vaccine regimen to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). We evaluated trimeric BG505 SOSIP.664 gp140, formulated with a novel TLR7/8 signaling adjuvant, 3M-052-AF/Alum, for safety, adjuvant dose-finding and immunogenicity in a first-in-healthy adult (n=17), randomized, placebo-controlled trial (HVTN 137A). The vaccine regimen appeared safe. Robust, trimer-specific antibody, B-cell and CD4+ T-cell responses emerged post-vaccination. Five vaccinees developed serum autologous tier-2 nAbs (ID50 titer, 1:28-1:8647) after 2-3 doses targeting C3/V5 and/or V1/V2/V3 Env regions by electron microscopy and mutated pseudovirus-based neutralization analyses. Trimer-specific, B-cell-derived monoclonal antibody activities confirmed these results and showed weak heterologous neutralization in the strongest responder. Our findings demonstrate the clinical utility of the 3M-052-AF/alum adjuvant and support further improvements of trimer-based Env immunogens to focus responses on multiple broad nAb epitopes.KEY TAKEAWAY/TAKE-HOME MESSAGESHIV BG505 SOSIP.664 trimer with novel 3M-052-AF/alum adjuvant in humans appears safe and induces serum neutralizing antibodies to matched clade A, tier 2 virus, that map to diverse Env epitopes with relatively high titers. The novel adjuvant may be an important mediator of vaccine response.