bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Racial discrimination increases the risk for nonremitting posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in traumatically injured Black individuals living in the United States
Authors: Torres Lucas , Geier Timothy J. , Tomas Carissa W. , Bird Claire M. , Timmer‐Murillo Sydney , Larson Christine L. , deRoon‐Cassini Terri A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTraumatic, life‐threatening events are experienced commonly among the general U.S. population, yet Black individuals in the United States (i.e., Black Americans) exhibit higher prevalence rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and more severe symptoms than other populations. Although empirical research has noted a range of symptom patterns that follow traumatic injury, minimal work has examined the role of racial discrimination in relation to PTSD symptom trajectories. The current study assessed racial discrimination and PTSD symptom trajectories at 6 months postinjury across two separate samples of traumatically injured Black Americans (i.e. emergency department (ED)–discharged and hospitalized). Identified PTSD symptom trajectories largely reflect those previously reported (i.e., ED: nonremitting, moderate, remitting, and resilient; hospitalized: nonremitting, delayed, and resilient), although the resilient trajectory was less represented than expected given past research (ED: 55.8%, n = 62; hospitalized: 46.9%, n = 38). Finally, higher racial discrimination was associated with nonremitting, ED: relative risk ratio (RR) = 1.32, hospitalized: RR = 1.23; moderate, ED: RR = 1.18; and delayed, hospitalized: RR = 1.26, PTSD symptom trajectories. Overall, the current findings not only emphasize the inimical effects of racial discrimination but also demonstrate the unique ways in which race‐related negative events can impact PTSD symptom levels and recovery across time.
Local Alpha1‐Antitrypsin Accelerates the Healing of Tympanic Membrane Perforation in Mice
Authors: El‐Saied Sabri , Amar Amit , Kaplan Daniel M. , Shitrit Rivka , Kaminer Benyamin M. , Keshet Aharon , Lewis Eli C. 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundMost tympanic membrane (TM) perforations heal spontaneously, but 10%–20% remain chronic and might lead to impaired hearing and recurrent middle ear infections. Alpha1‐antitrypsin (AAT) is a circulating tissue‐protective protein that is elevated under inflammatory conditions and is currently indicated for genetic AAT deficiency. Recently, AAT has been shown to promote tissue remodeling and inflammatory resolution.ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the effects of local clinical‐grade AAT treatment on tissue repair in a mouse model of acute traumatic TM perforation.MethodsWild‐type mice underwent unilateral TM perforation and were either left untreated or treated locally with human AAT (9 × 10−3 mL at 20 mg/mL on days 0, 1, and 2; n = 15/group). The perforations were evaluated macroscopically on a serial basis. Mice were sacrificed on various days post‐injury, and TMs were excised for gene analysis by RT‐PCR.ResultsThere were no adverse reactions in hAAT‐treated ears throughout the study period. Compared with untreated animals, TM closure occurred earlier in the treated group (days until full closure, median: 4 and 9, respectively). According to gene expression analysis, VEGF, TGFβ, and collagen‐5A1 were induced earlier in AAT‐treated mice (day 4–5 compared with day 9). Additionally, IL‐10 expression levels were higher and IL‐6 levels were lower in treated versus untreated mice.ConclusionA local tissue environment rich in AAT promotes early tissue repair in a perforated TM model both macroscopically and molecularly. Studies are underway to examine TM functionality and recombinant AAT formulations for micro‐dosing in the format of a single local application.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 134:3802–3806, 2024
Comparison of methods for DMSP measurements in dinoflagellate cultures
Authors: Caruana Amandine M. N. , Bucciarelli Eva , Deleporte Céline , Le Floc'h Emilie , Hervé Fabienne , Le Goff Manon 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA comparison of three analytical methods (the indirect GC‐FPD and MIMS, and direct LC‐MS/MS) for dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) measurements was conducted to assess their accuracy and reliability. The three methods showed a linear response but are distinguished by their linearity range, the largest being for MIMS. All three methods showed good precision on Alexandrium minutum samples (2–12%). The variability between the three methods when comparing analyses of A. minutum replicates was 11%, with the DMSP measurements by LC‐MS/MS being the highest. This result also confirms that indirect DMSP measurement after hydrolysis for GC or MIMS methods does not lead to an overestimation of DMSP values in A. minutum. A special focus was made on the more recent LC‐MS/MS method including further assays in sample preparation and storage from cultures of the dinoflagellate A. minutum. Dinoflagellate cells should be harvested by gentle filtration (< 5 cm Hg) or slow centrifugation (500 × g) to retrieve the largest DMSP pool. For the LC‐MS/MS method, MeOH used for cell extraction should be added prior to freezing (to prevent DMSP degradation). Samples will then be stable in frozen storage for at least 2 months. Finally, direct and indirect methods are complementary for identifying the exact DMSP fraction among dimethylsulfide‐producing compounds that compose total and particulate DMSP pools issued from newly screened organisms or environmental samples.
Generation of 2.8 µm fiber laser using an Erbium‐doped ZBLAN double‐clad fiber in a linear‐cavity‐free space experimental setup
Authors: Cheng X.S. , Lip Z.H. , Tan S.J. , Latiff A.A. , Harun S.W. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMid‐infrared (MIR) fiber lasers are highly demand after for a variety of technological applications, including uses such as laser surgery, frequency metrology, and spectroscopy. This paper demonstrates a stable continuous‐wave laser operation in the 2.8 µm using an Er3+‐doped ZBLAN fiber operating in a free space experimental setting. A laser output power of 12.4 mW was attained in a linear cavity when this fiber was pumped at 2.9 W of 980 nm laser diode.
Sodium triple quantum MR signal extraction using a single‐pulse sequence with single quantum time efficiency
Authors: Reichert Simon , Schepkin Victor , Kleimaier Dennis , Zöllner Frank G. , Schad Lothar R. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurposeSodium triple quantum (TQ) signal has been shown to be a valuable biomarker for cell viability. Despite its clinical potential, application of Sodium TQ signal is hindered by complex pulse sequences with long scan times. This study proposes a method to approximate the TQ signal using a single excitation pulse without phase cycling.MethodsThe proposed method is based on a single excitation pulse and a comparison of the free induction decay (FID) with the integral of the FID combined with a shifting reconstruction window. The TQ signal is calculated from this FID only. As a proof of concept, the method was also combined with a multi‐echo UTE imaging sequence on a 9.4 T preclinical MRI scanner for the possibility of fast TQ MRI.ResultsThe extracted Sodium TQ signals of single‐pulse and spin echo FIDs were in close agreement with theory and TQ measurement by traditional three‐pulse sequence (TQ time proportional phase increment [TQTPPI)]. For 2%, 4%, and 6% agar samples, the absolute deviations of the maximum TQ signals between SE and theoretical (time proportional phase increment TQTPPI) TQ signals were less than 1.2% (2.4%), and relative deviations were less than 4.6% (6.8%). The impact of multi‐compartment systems and noise on the accuracy of the TQ signal was small for simulated data. The systematic error was <3.4% for a single quantum (SQ) SNR of 5 and at maximum <2.5% for a multi‐compartment system. The method also showed the potential of fast in vivo SQ and TQ imaging.ConclusionSimultaneous SQ and TQ MRI using only a single‐pulse sequence and SQ time efficiency has been demonstrated. This may leverage the full potential of the Sodium TQ signal in clinical applications.
In vivo diffusion MRI of the human heart using a 300 mT/m gradient system
Authors: Afzali Maryam , Mueller Lars , Coveney Sam , Fasano Fabrizio , Evans Christopher John , Engel Maria , Szczepankiewicz Filip , Teh Irvin , Dall'Armellina Erica , Jones Derek K. , Schneider Jürgen E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurposeThis work reports for the first time on the implementation and application of cardiac diffusion‐weighted MRI on a Connectom MR scanner with a maximum gradient strength of 300 mT/m. It evaluates the benefits of the increased gradient performance for the investigation of the myocardial microstructure.MethodsCardiac diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) experiments were performed on 10 healthy volunteers using a spin‐echo sequence with up to second‐ and third‐order motion compensation ( and ) and , and 1000 (twice the commonly used on clinical scanners). Mean diffusivity (MD), fractional anisotropy (FA), helix angle (HA), and secondary eigenvector angle (E2A) were calculated for b = [100, 450] and b = [100, 1000] for both and .ResultsThe MD values with are slightly higher than with with for and for . A reduction in MD is observed by increasing the from 450 to 1000 ( for and for ). The difference between FA, E2A, and HA was not significant in different schemes ().ConclusionThis work demonstrates cardiac DWI in vivo with higher b‐value and higher order of motion compensated diffusion gradient waveforms than is commonly used. Increasing the motion compensation order from to and the maximum b‐value from 450 to 1000 affected the MD values but FA and the angular metrics (HA and E2A) remained unchanged. Our work paves the way for cardiac DWI on the next‐generation MR scanners with high‐performance gradient systems.
Nonlinear response modelling of material systems using constrained Gaussian processes
Authors: Herath Sumudu , Chakraborty Souvik 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis article investigates the suitability of constrained Gaussian process regression in predicting nonlinear mechanical responses of material systems with notably reduced uncertainties. This study reinforces the conventional Gaussian processes with mechanics‐informed prior knowledge observed in various kinematic responses. Stiffening and softening responses of material systems mostly demonstrate at least one of the boundedness, monotonicity and convexity conditions with respect to some kinematic variables. These relationships or impositions in turn are encoded into a constrained Gaussian process for prediction, uncertainty quantification and extrapolation. Using numerous examples and comparative studies, this article evidently proves that the use of constrained Gaussian processes is data‐efficient, highly accurate, yields low uncertainties, recovers model overfitting and extrapolates very well compared to unconstrained or conventional Gaussian processes. Moreover, the usability of the proposed numerical method across various engineering modelling domains such as multiscale homogenisation, experimentation, structural optimisation, material constitutive modelling and structural idealisation is demonstrated.
Overweight/obesity, gestational weight gain, postpartum weight retention, and maternal/neonatal complications in the military
Authors: Krukowski Rebecca A. , Solomon Erin , Lang Juan , Stone Emily , You Wen , Burns Rosemary Estevez , Copeland Carol , Bursac Zoran , Hare Marion E. , Waters Teresa M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of overweight/obesity and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) among military beneficiaries and to assess associations of these risk factors with maternal/neonatal complications and substantial postpartum weight retention (PPWR).MethodsWe obtained data for 48,391 TRICARE beneficiaries who gave birth in 2018 or 2019 in the United States. We used logistic regression and ANOVA to examine relationships among overweight/obesity, GWG, maternal/neonatal complications, and substantial PPWR.ResultsMost TRICARE beneficiaries (75%) had excessive GWG, and 42% had substantial PPWR. Dependents were less likely than active‐duty women to have excessive GWG (odds ratio [OR] = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.60–0.88). Women with excessive GWG were three times more likely to have substantial PPWR (OR = 3.57, 95% CI: 3.14–4.06). Those with excessive GWG were more likely to have maternal/neonatal complications (e.g., pregnancy‐induced hypertension, cesarean delivery).ConclusionsExcessive GWG is frequent among TRICARE beneficiaries, particularly active‐duty personnel, and is strongly associated with costly maternal/neonatal complications. Substantial PPWR is also common in this population, with excessive GWG as a key risk factor.
Quality study of animal‐derived traditional Chinese medicinal materials based on spectral technology: Calculus bovis as a case
Authors: Tian Mengyin , Han Ying , Ma Xiaobo , Liang Wenyan , Meng Zhaoqing , Cao Guiyun , Luo Yi , Zang Hengchang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionCalculus bovis (C. bovis) is a typical traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) derived from animals, which has a remarkable curative effect and high price.ObjectivesRapid identification of C. bovis from different types was realized based on spectral technology, and a rapid quantitative analysis method for the main quality control indicator bilirubin was established.MethodsWe conducted a supervised and unsupervised pattern recognition study on 44 batches of different types of C. bovis by five spectral pretreatment methods. Three variable selection methods were used to extract the essential information, and the partial least squares regression (PLSR) quantitative model of bilirubin by near‐infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was constructed.ResultsThe partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) model could achieve 100% accuracy in identifying different types of C. bovis. The R2 of the NIR quantitative model was 0.979, which is close to 1, and the root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) was 2.3515, indicating the good prediction ability of the model.ConclusionThe study was carried out to further improve the basic data of quality control of C. bovis and help the high‐quality development of TCM derived from animals.
Utilization of cross‐correlation function for assessment of replication quality in ultrasonic embossing of microchannels on polymethyl methacrylate
Authors: Yildirim Ender , Ulku Mert Kerem , Arikan M. A. Sahir 
Published: April 2024

AbstractUltrasonic embossing—a process where a horn vibrating at 20–30 kHz compresses on a thermoplastic substrate sitting on a mold to replicate the features on the mold to the substrate—is a promising method for fabricating microchannels on thermoplastics due to reduced cycle time and relatively low equipment cost. Replication quality in ultrasonic embossing has been investigated in the literature by primarily referring to the replication depth. However, this approach does not fully reflect the fidelity between the mold and the replicated feature, especially at the side walls, which are typically designed to be vertical in microchannels. We propose using cross‐correlation—a method that quantifies the similarity between two signals by measuring the overlap of their patterns—between the derivative of the mold profile and the embossed profile as a figure of merit that accurately reflects the fidelity of the side wall. For testing purposes, we embossed straight microchannels on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) using micron‐scaled protrusions on a brass mold fabricated by CNC milling. The mold comprised 100, 300, and 1000‐μm‐wide protrusions of same designed height of 300 μm, resulting in aspect ratios (AR) of 3, 1, and 1/3, respectively. Cross‐correlations between the derivatives of the profiles ranged between 0.50 and 1.00, while cross‐correlations between the profiles were greater than 0.97 in all cases, showing the sensitivity imposed by utilizing the derivatives. Setting average of all cross‐correlation values (0.8) as the quality threshold, we observed that high AR (3) features were replicated at low quality, while low AR (1/3) features were replicated at high quality, regardless of the process parameters. In replicating unit AR features, the process parameters were observed to affect the quality, where the combination of vibration time and pressure was the most significant compared to individual effects of the parameters.Highlights
Parameters' effect on replication of varied aspect ratio features was assessed.
Assessment was carried out by cross‐correlating mold and channel profiles.
Cross‐correlating derivatives of profiles provide a more sensitive means.
General rules for replication quality in ultrasonic embossing were driven.
Borderline content and platformised speech governance: Mapping TikTok's moderation controversies in South and Southeast Asia
Authors: Liu Diyi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractContent moderation comes with trade‐offs and moral dilemmas, particularly for transnational platforms governing borderline content where the boundaries of acceptability are subject to debate. While extensive research has explored the legality and legitimacy of platformised speech governance in established democracies, few address the complexities of less‐than‐democratic developing nations. Through sociolegal analysis and controversy mapping of TikTok's localised moderation in South and Southeast Asia, the study examines how major actors negotiate the shifting boundaries of online speech. The analysis reveals that neither the platform nor regional states are well‐positioned to achieve sound governance of borderline content. Primarily, TikTok localises its moderation based on pragmatic necessity rather than moral obligations, deliberately sidestepping contentious political controversies. Governments demonstrate determined efforts to control online discourse, leveraging legal uncertainty to further political agendas. Thus, local content governance often relies on vague rationales around securitisation and morality. The contradictory motives of (de)politicising borderline moderation seemingly counterbalance each other, yet in practice lead to an accountability vacuum where legitimate interests are sidelined. Given the lack of normative common ground, ensuring procedural justice and encouraging civic participation are essential to counteract rhetoric that rationalises imposition of certain speech norms hinging on imbalanced political power.
Ring‐opening metathesis polymerization for synthesizing molecular bottlebrushes via the grafting‐through strategy
Authors: Hou Wangmeng , Yin Xiuzhe , Zhou Yingqing , Shi Yi , Chen Yongming 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMolecular bottlebrush (MBB) has been considered as an important type of unimolecular nanomaterial for widespread applications ranging from energy to biomedicine, due to its typical one‐dimensional molecular conformation with tunable aspect ratio and chemical composition. In the recently decades, the ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) combined with the grafting‐through strategy has emerged as a powerful tool for synthesizing MBBs with various architecture, including (multi)block MBBs, core‐shell MBBs, random MBBs and Janus MBBs et al. In this review, the recent advances on the synthesis of MBBs including the rational preparation of NB terminated macromonomers (MMs) and the grafting‐through ROMP are briefly summarized. Moreover, the emerging progress on the grafting‐through ROMP performed in the aqueous media is also highlighted.
Proton exchange membranes based on sulfonated polybutylene fumarate: Preparation and characterization
Authors: Shamsabadi Amirsaeed , Tohidian Mahdi , Hemmasi Ehsan , Makki Hesam 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBased on a novel unsaturated polyester, polybutylene fumarate (PBF), a series of sulfonated proton exchange membranes were prepared and characterized for direct methanol fuel cell application. In this work, PBF underwent sulfonation at different degrees, and the optimum degree of sulfonation (DS) was identified by assessing the hydrolytic stability. In the second step, an effective strategy to enhance the membranes' proton conductivity was adopted by the addition of the 2‐(1H‐Imidazol‐2‐yl) acetic acid (Im‐COOH) compound as a proton‐conducting agent to the sulfonated PBF (SPBF) matrix with the optimum DS. The results unveiled significant alterations in the physicochemical properties of PBF due to sulfonation, including an elevation in water uptake and the glass transition temperature (Tg), accompanied by the disappearance of the crystallinity within SPBF. In terms of electrochemical characteristics, the SPBF‐17.5 PEM demonstrated a proton conductivity of 3.36 × 10−3 S cm−1 and a methanol permeability of 1.068 × 10−7 cm2 s−1, yielding a selectivity of approximately 31,460 S s cm−3. Furthermore, the attractive interactions between SO3H and NH groups further elevated proton conductivity to 4.12 × 10−3 S cm−1, accompanied by a decrease in methanol permeability to 0.942 × 10−7 cm2 s−1, enhancing the selectivity parameter to 43,736 S s cm−3.
Early identification of SOX17 deficiency in infants to guide management of heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension using PDA stent to create reverse Potts shunt physiology
Authors: Ostler Heidi , Fall Carolyn , El‐Said Howaida , Justino Henri , Haldeman Shylah , Carroll Jeanne , Rao Rohit 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHeritable pulmonary arterial hypertension (HPAH) is a rare progressive condition that includes patients with an identified genetic cause of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). HPAH and idiopathic PAH (IPAH) have an estimated combined incidence of 0.5–0.9 cases per million children‐years. Several pathogenic variants have been associated with HPAH in children and adults, including genes BMPR2, TBX4, and ACVRL1, and more rarely with variants in genes such as SOX17. HPAH is often difficult to manage and has poor prognosis despite advances in medical therapy with many patients progressing to lung transplantation, right heart failure and death. Surgical and transcatheter Potts shunt creation can reduce systolic burden and has shown reduction in morbidity and mortality in children. Early genetic testing can provide both diagnostic and prognostic value in managing and counseling children with severe PAH and it can guide transcatheter or surgical management in refractory cases despite maximal medical therapies. We describe a patient with HPAH (SOX17 mutation) who underwent percutaneous patent ductus arteriosus stent for right ventricle decompression at 2 months of age with clinical management guidance by genetic testing results.