bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teacher thinking associated with science‐specific mentor preparation
Authors: Koballa Thomas R. , Kittleson Julie , Bradbury Leslie U. , Dias Michael J. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractFramed by sociocultural theory, the purpose of the study was to understand the cultural tools used by science teachers when leaning to mentor and how tool use may lead to the construction of new understandings about mentoring. The participants were 37 experienced teachers enrolled in a federally funded science‐specific mentor preparation program. Data took the form of interview transcripts, electronic bulletin board postings, and written cases. Program participants were found to use a range of tools to mediate their thinking about science teacher mentoring. Analysis of data revealed that the participants used the discourse of science teaching as well as such tools as classroom observation strategies and interpersonal mentoring approaches, to mediate their thinking about mentoring. The participants' tools also included images that mediated their responses to specific mentoring challenges and dilemmas that highlighted for them contradictions in their thinking about mentoring. The cultural tools used by the science teachers when learning to mentor provide insight into how they think about science teacher mentoring and the nature of the professional learning experiences needed to enable them to develop as mentors. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 94:1072–1091, 2010
Neutral cesium deposition prior to SIMS analysis of inorganic and organic samples
Authors: Philipp P. , Audinot J‐N. , Wirtz T. , Migeon H‐N. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe enhancement of negative secondary ions yields in SIMS by the use of electropositive primary ions is well known. In previous papers, the authors of this article have reported on the simultaneous use of primary ion bombardment coupled with neutral cesium deposition to optimize the useful yields of negative secondary ions in the steady‐state regime. For electronegative elements, total ionization was achieved while the gain for the other elements attained two orders of magnitude. In this paper, we study the enhancement of negative secondary ion yields in the pre‐equilibrium regime by depositing neutral cesium onto the sample surface prior to the SIMS analysis. The main areas of application of this technique lie in the field of secondary ion imaging of sample surfaces. Of particular interest is the analysis of organic and biological samples on the Cameca NanoSIMS50 instrument. Both inorganic and organic samples will be investigated in this paper. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impaired Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Vascular Formation in Ephrin-A5-Deficient Mice
Authors: Hara Yoshinobu , Nomura Tadashi , Yoshizaki Kaichi , Frisén Jonas , Osumi Noriko 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Neurogenesis occurs throughout the life in the mammalian brain. The hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) is one of the major regions of the adult neurogenesis, where neural stem/progenitor cells continuously generate new granule neurons, although molecular mechanisms underlying generation and maintenance of newly born neurons are still elusive. Here we show that ephrin-A5, a ligand for Eph receptor tyrosine kinases, plays multiple roles in both neurogenesis and vascular formation in the adult hippocampus. In mice lacking ephrin-A5 function, cell proliferation and survival of newborn neurons were severely reduced in the hippocampus DG. Furthermore, ephrin-A5-deficient mice exhibited altered distribution of EphA4 receptor in the vascular endothelial cells and increased narrower capillaries in the hippocampus DG. EphA/ephrin-A signaling thus plays crucial roles in the establishment and/or maintenance of the brain vascular system, as an essential constituent of the adult neurogenic niche.
A Role for Borg5 During Trophectoderm Differentiation
Authors: Vong Queenie P. , Liu Zhonghua , Yoo Jae Gyu , Chen Rong , Xie Wen , Sharov Alexei A. , Fan Chen-Ming , Liu Chengyu , Ko Minoru S.H. , Zheng Yixian 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Stem cell differentiation is accompanied by a gradual cellular morphogenesis and transcriptional changes. Identification of morphological regulators that control cell behavior during differentiation could shed light on how cell morphogenesis is coupled to transcriptional changes during development. By analyzing cellular behavior during differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), we uncover a role of Borg5 (binder of Rho guanosine 5′-triphosphatase 5) in regulating trophectoderm (TE) cell morphogenesis. We report that differentiation of ESCs toward TE is accompanied by enhanced actin protrusion and cell motility that require upregulation of Borg5. Borg5 interacts with both Cdc42 and atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) and functions downstream of Cdc42 to enhance TE cell motility. Borg5 is required for the sorting of differentiating TE to the outside of ESCs in vitro. In developing embryos, Borg5 protein localizes to cell–cell contacts and the cytoplasm after compaction. It exhibits higher levels of expression in outer cells than in inner cells in morula and blastocysts. Reduction of Borg5 disrupts aPKC localization and inhibits blastocyst formation. Since Cdx2 and Borg5 facilitate each other's expression as ESCs differentiate toward TE, we propose that cell morphogenesis is coupled with transcriptional changes to regulate TE differentiation. Our studies also demonstrate the utility of ESCs in identifying morphological regulators important for development.
Optical coherence tomography as a non‐invasive imaging technique for preinvasive and invasive neoplasia of the uterine cervix
Authors: Gallwas J. , Turk L. , Friese K. , Dannecker C. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectiveOptical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non‐invasive high‐resolution imaging technique that permits characterization of microarchitectural features of tissue up to 2 mm in depth in real time. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of OCT for the identification of precancerous (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)) and cancerous lesions of the uterine cervix.MethodsWe conducted a prospective study on the use of OCT in women with suspected CIN. OCT images were obtained on colposcopy from non‐suspicious and suspicious areas, and were evaluated independently by two investigators and later compared with the corresponding histology. The sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values and accuracy of the new technique in identifying CIN or carcinoma were calculated.ResultsOf a total of 610 OCT images, 97 from suspicious areas in 60 women were compared with the corresponding histology. Sixty‐three of 67 CIN lesions and four invasive carcinomas were diagnosed correctly on evaluation of the OCT images by the first observer. There were 69 true‐positive, 11 true‐negative, 13 false‐positive and four false‐negative results, giving a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 46%.ConclusionOCT is a rapid, easy‐to‐use modality that provides real‐time, microarchitectural information of the cervical epithelium. Further refinement of this technology will lead to OCT systems with a significantly higher resolution and may result in better differentiation of cancerous and precancerous lesions. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sequence design for MPG QS‐CDMA systems based on heuristic combinatorial optimization
Authors: Kuramoto André S. R. , Ciriaco Fernando , Abrão Taufik , Jeszensky Paul Jean E. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis paper deals with a quasi‐synchronous code division multiple access (QS‐CDMA) system with a multiple processing gain (MPG) variable data rate scheme in the uplink direction and subject to multipath fading channels. An analytic expression is obtained for the signal‐to‐noise plus interference ratio (SNIR) at the Rake receiver output (finger). In order to maximize the SNIR, three combinatorial optimization methods applied to sequences selection are compared. Then, sequence selection methodology for this class of system is evaluated, comparing the local search optimization results with unitary Hamming distance (1‐opt LS), evolutionary programming with cloning (EP‐C), and simulated annealing (SA) ones. The contribution of this work consists of considering the self‐interference (SI) effect, besides the multiple access interference (MAI), in the description of the proposed objective function for sequence selection and a compared analysis of three heuristic algorithms maximizing that SNIR. Also, numeric results have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method for the QS‐CDMA sequences selection. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The digital forensics of portable electronic communication devices based on a Skype IM session of a pocket PC for NGC
Authors: Chu Hai‐Cheng , Deng Der‐Jiunn , Chao Han‐Chieh 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPortable electronic communication devices can be used for many purposes and they are capable of integrating with ubiquitous computing (UC) infrastructures to carry on mobile multimedia communications. As those devices become prevalent, they incur potential network security threatening to organizations. Nowadays, the Skype is the most popular P2P VoIP application program, which is being used by millions of global users to place IP phone calls, transfer files, or communicate via instant messaging (IM). This phenomenon already generates imminent network security issues that are indispensable to digital forensics researchers or the law enforcement agencies worldwide. Cellular phones, smart phones, and personal digital assistants (PDAs) are the representative ones of those devices and there are some open sources or commercial software toolkits that can be utilized to proceed the forensics investigation concerning the electronic crimes in next generation communications (NGCs). A case review was conducted to illustrate the hidden digital trails within the PDA from the Registry of the Windows Mobile and volatile data in the RAM to discover the possible network security leakage scenarios that resulted in the vandalism of intangible digital assets of the organization. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fuzzy set theory
Authors: Zimmermann H.‐J. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSince its inception in 1965, the theory of fuzzy sets has advanced in a variety of ways and in many disciplines. Applications of this theory can be found, for example, in artificial intelligence, computer science, medicine, control engineering, decision theory, expert systems, logic, management science, operations research, pattern recognition, and robotics. Mathematical developments have advanced to a very high standard and are still forthcoming to day. In this review, the basic mathematical framework of fuzzy set theory will be described, as well as the most important applications of this theory to other theories and techniques. Since 1992 fuzzy set theory, the theory of neural nets and the area of evolutionary programming have become known under the name of ‘computational intelligence’ or ‘soft computing’. The relationship between these areas has naturally become particularly close. In this review, however, we will focus primarily on fuzzy set theory. Applications of fuzzy set theory to real problems are abound. Some references will be given. To describe even a part of them would certainly exceed the scope of this review. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.This article is categorized under:

Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Clustering and Classification
Historical Evolution of Thyroid Surgery: From the Ancient Times to the Dawn of the 21st Century
Authors: Sakorafas George H. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThyroid diseases (mainly goiter) have been recognized for more than 3500 years. Knowledge of the nature of these diseases was, of course, limited at that time. Thyroid surgery was conceived by the ancients, but it was limited to rare attempts to remove part of an enlarged thyroid gland in cases of impending death by suffocation or, in very rare cases, of a suppurating thyroid. Like other fields of surgery, thyroid surgery was limited by many problems: the lack of anesthesia and antisepsis, the need for appropriate instruments, mainly artery forceps (many deaths after thyroid surgery were due to severe postoperative hemorrhage or infection). Much of the progress in thyroid surgery occurred in Europe during the second half of the 19th century. During the first half of the 20th century, the evolution of thyroid surgery accelerated significantly, based on the contributions of pioneering European and American surgeons. The present status of thyroid surgery was established during the last quarter of the 20th century, when modern imaging methods and technological advances (including progress in applied molecular biology) brought thyroid surgery into the new millennium.
Modulation of Platelet Aggregation, Haematological and Histological Parameters by Structured Lipids on Hypercholesterolaemic Rats
Authors: Sengupta Avery , Ghosh Mahua 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe effect of the consumption of medium‐chain fatty acid (MCFA)‐rich and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)‐rich mustard oil on platelet aggregation, haematological parameters and the liver was studied in male albino rats. The rats were fed on standard stock diet with control (mustard oil) and experimental oils for 28 days. Haematological examinations in the normal condition showed that there was no significant variation in the platelet count, total white blood cell (WBC) and red blood cell (RBC) counts, haematocrit value and mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) percentage in the rats fed with control and experimental oils. Haematological examinations in the hypercholesterolaemic condition revealed that there was a significant increase in the platelet count by 39.38% in hypercholesterolaemia, which was decreased by 27.29 and 42.71% by the administration of the experimental oils, respectively. The haemoglobin level was decreased by 5.3%, whereas the haematocrit value was increased by 12.52% in hypercholesterolaemia, which were normalised by treatment with the experimental oils. The platelet aggregation study indicated that the adenosine diphosphate (ADP)‐induced platelet aggregation increased by 71.67% in hypercholesterolaemia, but the experimental oils beneficially reduced platelet aggregation by 26.33 and 68.33%, respectively. There was increased total cholesterol, non‐high‐density lipoprotein (non‐HDL) cholesterol and triglyceride levels in liver in hypercholesterolaemia, which was also recovered by the administration of experimental oils. Organopathological examination showed that there was deposition of cholesterol in the liver in the hypercholesterolaemic condition, which was also reduced by treatment with the two experimental oils.
COCONUT HUSK ASH AS A FERTILIZER FOR COCONUT PALMS ON PEAT
Authors: BONNEAU X. , HARYANTO IRFAN , KARSIWAN TRIYONO 
Published: April 2010

SUMMARYWe demonstrated experimentally that coconut husk ash is an excellent mineral fertilizer for immature coconut hybrids on developed peat, providing potassium (K) in particular. Coconut husk ash performed as well as potassium chloride (KCl) in a proportion of 2–2.5 to 1. At four years, 99% of coconut palms fertilized with husk ash, 92% of coconut palms fertilized with KCl and 26% of control palms were sexually differentiated. The cumulative yield in the first two harvesting years more than trebled between control palms (26 nuts per tree) and the palms fertilized with KCl (93 nuts per tree) or husk ash (105 nuts per tree). This is an important result, given the intensity of K deficiency and the increasing cost of imported fertilizers. Although coconut husk ash will never totally replace K fertilizer, it can recycle a substantial proportion of nutrients in a coconut plantation. It now remains to optimize its use on an estate level, by examining the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of its mass production and determining conditions for maximum efficiency.
Single-species Weibel instability of radiationless plasma
Authors: BORODACHEV L. V. , KOLOMIETS D. O. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA particle-in-cell numerical simulation of the electron Weibel instability is applied in a frame of Darwin (radiationless) approximation of the self-consistent fields of sparse plasma. As a result, we were able to supplement the classical picture of the instability and, in particular, to obtain the dependency of the basic characteristics (the time of development and the maximum field energy) of the thermal anisotropy parameter, to trace the dynamic restructuring of current filaments accompanying the non-linear stage of the instability and to trace in detail the evolution of the initial anisotropy of the electron component of plasma.
From Sure Start to Children's Centres: An Analysis of Policy Change in English Early Years Programmes
Authors: LEWIS JANE 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSure Start was set up in 1998 as a flagship policy of the first New Labour government, with the promise of ten years funding. However, in 2003 it was superseded by plans for the establishment of Children's Centres, a universal programme rather than one for disadvantaged areas as in the case of Sure Start local programmes. The government claimed that the shift to Children's Centres represented continuity, but, using historical methods and key informant interviews, this paper shows that there was considerable change, particularly in the programme content and governance of the new centres. The paper explores the reasons for the policy shift in terms of factors arising from changes in government's goals for Sure Start and for children's services more broadly on the one hand, and from evidence of programme failure on the other. It concludes by reflecting on why the shift to Children's Centres was claimed as continuity rather than change, and what this tells us about the nature of policy change.
Economic evaluation of enhanced staff contact for the promotion of breastfeeding for low birth weight infants
Authors: Rice Stephen J. C. , Craig Dawn , McCormick Felicia , Renfrew Mary J. , Williams Anthony F. 
Published: April 2010

Objectives: There is evidence that breastmilk feeding reduces mortality and short and long-term morbidity among infants born too soon or too small. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of enhanced staff contact for mothers with infants in a neonatal unit with a birth weight of 500–2,500 g from the perspective of the UK National Health Service.Methods: A decision-tree model linked clinical outcomes with long-term health outcomes. The study population was divided into three weight bands: 500–999 g, 1000–1,749 g, and 1,750–2,500 g. Clinical and resource use data were obtained from literature reviews. The measure of benefit was quality-adjusted life-years. Uncertainty was evaluated using cost-effectiveness acceptability curves and sensitivity analyses.Results: The intervention was less costly and more effective than the comparator in the base–case analysis for each birth weight group. The results were quite robust to the sensitivity analyses performed.Conclusions: This is the first economic evaluation in this complex field and offers a model to be developed in future research. The results provide preliminary indications that enhanced staff contact may be cost-effective. However, the limited evidence available, and the limited UK data in particular, suggest that further research is required to provide results with confidence.
Outbreak of Legionnaires' disease associated with a supermarket mist machine
Authors: BARRABEIG I. , ROVIRA A. , GARCIA M. , OLIVA J. M. , VILAMALA A. , FERRER M. D. , SABRIÀ M. , DOMÍNGUEZ A. 
Published: April 2010

SUMMARYAn outbreak of Legionnaires' disease affected 12 customers of a supermarket in a town in Catalonia, Spain, between August and November 2006. An epidemiological and environmental investigation was undertaken. Preliminary investigation showed that all patients had visited the same supermarket in this town where a mist machine was found in the fish section. Water samples were collected from the machine and from the supermarket's water distribution system when high-risk samples were excluded. Environmental samples from the mist machine and clinical samples from two patients tested positive for L. pneumophila serogroup 1 and had the same molecular pattern. The PFGE pattern detected in the clinical and mist-machine isolates had never previously been identified in Catalonia prior to the outbreak and has not been identified since. Four days after turning off the machine, new cases ceased appearing. Molecular study supports the hypothesis that the mist machine from the fish section of the supermarket was the source of infection. We believe it is essential to include exposure to mist machines in any legionellosis epidemiological survey.
Harmonic Grammar with linear programming: from linear systems to linguistic typology
Authors: Potts Christopher , Pater Joe , Jesney Karen , Bhatt Rajesh , Becker Michael 
Published: April 2010

AbstractHarmonic Grammar is a model of linguistic constraint interaction in which well-formedness is calculated in terms of the sum of weighted constraint violations. We show how linear programming algorithms can be used to determine whether there is a weighting for a set of constraints that fits a set of linguistic data. The associated software package OT-Help provides a practical tool for studying large and complex linguistic systems in the Harmonic Grammar framework and comparing the results with those of OT. We first describe the translation from harmonic grammars to systems solvable by linear programming algorithms. We then develop a Harmonic Grammar analysis of ATR harmony in Lango that is, we argue, superior to the existing OT and rule-based treatments. We further highlight the usefulness of OT-Help, and the analytic power of Harmonic Grammar, with a set of studies of the predictions Harmonic Grammar makes for phonological typology.
A test case for the phonetics–phonology interface: gemination restrictions in Hungarian
Authors: Pycha Anne 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDespite differences in parsimony and philosophical orientation, physical and abstract theories of phonology often make similar empirical predictions. This study examines a case where they do not: gemination restrictions in Hungarian. While both types of theory correctly prohibit the lengthening of a consonant when flanked by another consonant, they make different predictions regarding both the relative duration changes within a target consonant and the applicability of restrictions to lengthening processes besides gemination. In two speech-production experiments, these predictions are evaluated by measuring stop and frication durations within affricates. Results show that relative duration changes occur, and that the restriction holds only for gemination, supporting an abstract theory. Yet results also indicate that gemination exhibits sensitivity to inherent durational differences between affricates, providing some support for a physical theory. Thus I argue that an adequate theory of phonology must include abstract constituents, alongside a limited, principled set of physical landmarks.