bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Potassium Permanganate Treatments on New Zealand Mud Snail Behavior and Survival and Rainbow Trout Growth and Condition
Authors: Oplinger Randall W , Wagner Eric J 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
The New Zealand mud snail (NZMS) Potamopyrgus antipodarum, a nonnative species recently introduced into North America, has been shown to negatively influence ecosystem function. Methods to control or eliminate NZMS are needed. Twenty-four-hour treatments with 2 mg of potassium permanganate (KMnO4) per liter of water were evaluated against NZMS held for 24 h in artificial stream sections that contained refuge areas. The snails did not seek refuge when placed into an area that contained KMnO4 and also had neutral preference when provided the opportunity to select between artificial stream sections with and without KMnO4. In a separate series of experiments, NZMS and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss were placed into hatchery raceway sections that were treated with a 2-mg/L KMnO4 solution for 2 h/d over a period of 14 consecutive days. Mortality of NZMS and rainbow trout was not elevated in these raceways relative to nontreated control raceways. There was evidence, however, that the presence of the KMnO4 depressed fish growth (i.e., Fulton's condition factor). The KMnO4 treatment did not cause significant gill damage in rainbow trout. Our results show that KMnO4 at 2 mg/L is not effective in controlling or eliminating NZMS populations.
Golden Shiner Egg Production during a Spawning Season
Authors: Clemment Troy , Stone Nathan 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
This study determined the number of eggs produced daily by golden shiners Notemigonus crysoleucas during a 111-d spawning season and the relationship of egg production to water temperature. On March 15, 2000, four 5.9-m2, plastic-lined pools were each stocked with fifty 1-year-old golden shiners. Mean (±SD) individual weight of fish at stocking was 9.2 ± 3.7 g. During March 16 through July 4, the spawning substrate in each pool was collected daily and replaced with clean substrate. Eggs were removed from mats in a 1.5% sodium sulfite bath, and the total volume of eggs from each pool was recorded. The mean number of eggs per unit volume (based on twenty-seven 2-mL samples) was 704 ± 109 eggs/mL. Approximately 2.75 million eggs were produced by no more than 200 brooders (∼2.4-kg total mass) over 111 d. Egg production was greatest during the month of May (average = 14,339 eggs·kg−1·d−1). The number of eggs collected daily showed a significant positive correlation with water temperature (P &lt; 0.05) up to 22°C and then declined with further increases in water temperature.
Comparison of Percent Hatch and Fungal Infestation in Channel Catfish Eggs after Copper Sulfate, Diquat Bromide, Formalin, and Hydrogen Peroxide Treatment
Authors: Mitchell Andrew J , Straus David L , Farmer Bradley , Carter Ray 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Reduced survival of fish eggs is often a result of infestation with fungi Saprolegnia spp. However, timely chemical treatments often limit these infestations and increase survival. The effect of copper sulfate pentahydrate (CSP; 10 mg of CSP/L of water), diquat bromide (25 mg of diquat cation/L), formalin (433 mg/L), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2; 250 mg/L) on percent hatch and fungal infestation in eggs of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus was compared in two identical trials (five replicates for each chemical treatment per trial). The percent hatch in all chemical treatments was significantly better than percent hatch of the controls. The amount of fungal coverage on egg masses treated with CSP, formalin, and H2O2 was significantly less than that observed on the controls. Although not statistically different from the other treatments, H2O2 at 250 mg/L exhibited the highest average percent hatch (64%; control hatch = 34%), the lowest fungal coverage (1.5 cm; control coverage = 7.2 cm), and the lowest occurrence of fungi (50%; control occurrence = 100%) among the treatments.
Effect of Pond Size on Striped Bass Growth and Survival in Brackish Water
Authors: Matlock Gary C 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
The effect of pond size on survival and growth of fingerling striped bass Morone saxatilis in brackish-water (5–10‰) ponds may be important in designing striped bass production facilities. Seven-day-old fry were stocked at densities of 248,000–317,000 fish/ha into 13 ponds (0.2–1.6 ha), and surviving fish were harvested about 1 month later. Pond size did not affect striped bass survival, growth, or production. Mean (±SE) survival over the rearing period was 36.4 ± 5.6%. Mean total length (TL) was 34.2 ± 0.9 mm. Mean production was 1.40 ± 0.17 kg·ha−1·d−1. Large ponds (at least 1.6 ha) are preferable over smaller ponds for producing 34-mm-TL striped bass fingerlings in brackish-water ponds because of the lower cost of construction and maintenance and the reduced land and water use.
In vitro expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand and osteoprotegerin in cultured equine articular cells
Authors: Byron Christopher R. , Barger Anne M. , Stewart Allison A. , Pondenis Holly C. , Fan Timothy M. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Objective—To determine concentrations of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in equine chondrocytes and synoviocytes and to quantify changes in the OPG:RANKL ratio in response to exogenous factors.
Sample Population—Samples of articular cartilage and synovium with grossly normal appearance obtained from metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints of 5 adult (1- to 8-year-old) horses.
Procedures—Cell cultures of chondrocytes and synoviocytes were incubated with human recombinant interleukin-1B (hrIL-1β; 10 ng/mL), lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 10 μg/mL), or dexamethasone (100nM) for 48 hours. Negative control cultures received no treatment. Cells and spent media were assayed for RANKL and OPG concentrations by use of western blot and immunocytochemical analyses. Spent media were also assayed for OPG concentration by use of an ELISA.
Results—RANKL and OPG were expressed in equine chondrocytes and synoviocytes in vitro. Cell-associated RANKL and OPG concentrations were not impacted by exogenous factors. Soluble RANKL release into media was significantly increased by hrIL-1β in chondrocyte but not in synoviocyte cultures. Soluble OPG release into media was significantly increased by hrIL-1β and LPS in chondrocyte but not in synoviocyte cultures. The soluble OPG:RANKL ratio was significantly increased by LPS in chondrocyte cultures. Dexamethasone decreased OPG expression in synoviocytes.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—RANKL and OPG proteins were expressed in equine articular cells. Release of these proteins may affect osteoclastogenesis within adjacent subchondral bone. Thus, RANKL and OPG may have use as biomarkers and treatment targets in horses with joint disease.
Evaluation of tissue factor procoagulant activity on the surface of feline leukocytes in response to treatment with lipopolysaccharide and heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum
Authors: Stokol Tracy , Daddona Janelle L. , Choi Boran 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Objective—To use a chromogenic assay to measure tissue factor (TF) activity on the cell surface and in whole cell lysates of feline monocytes in response to treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and fetal bovine serum (FBS).
Animals—14 healthy cats.
Procedures—Peripheral blood monocytes were isolated via density gradient centrifugation followed by adhesion to plastic. Tissue factor procoagulant activity was measured by use of an assay that detects TF-activated factor X, on the basis of cleavage of a chromogenic TF-activated factor X–dependent substrate. Activity was quantified by comparison with a serially diluted human recombinant TF-activated factor × curve.
Results—The TF procoagulant activity assay was sensitive and specific for TF. Treatment with LPS stimulated TF procoagulant activity on the surface and in whole cell lysates of isolated feline leukocytes. The LPS response in intact cells was dose dependent and cell number dependent and was inhibited by FBS. Monocyte isolation was inefficient, with monocytes comprising a mean of 22% of the isolated cells.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—A TF-activated factor X–dependent chromogenic assay that uses human reagents successfully measured surface-expressed and intracellular TF activity of feline monocytes. Treatment with LPS induced TF expression on feline monocytes, but this response was inhibited by FBS. The chromogenic assay was a useful method for measuring TF procoagulant activity in feline cells in vitro and can be used as a research tool to investigate the role of cell-associated TF in thrombotic disorders in cats.
Effect of glucocorticoid administration on serum aldosterone concentration in clinically normal dogs
Authors: Corrigan Anne M. , Behrend Ellen N. , Martin Linda G. , Kemppainen Robert J. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the effects of oral administration of anti-inflammatory dosages of prednisone for 28 days on serum aldosterone, cortisol, and electrolyte concentrations in clinically normal dogs.
Animals—10 dogs.
Procedures—On days 1 through 28, 5 dogs received prednisone (0.55 mg/kg, PO, q 12 h) and 5 dogs received similar treatments with a placebo (empty capsules). Serum cortisol and aldosterone concentrations before and after ACTH stimulation testing and serum electrolyte concentrations were measured before (day 0 [baseline]), during (days 7, 14, 21, and 28), and after (days 35 and 42) treatment.
Results—At baseline, variables did not differ between the 2 groups. Serum cortisol concentrations before and after ACTH stimulation testing did not change from baseline values in placebo-treated dogs. In prednisone-treated dogs, serum chloride and corrected chloride concentrations were significantly lower on days 7, 14, 21, and 28 and serum bicarbonate concentrations were significantly higher on days 14, 21, and 28, compared with baseline values. Serum cortisol concentrations before and after ACTH stimulation testing were significantly lower than baseline values during prednisone treatment. Serum aldosterone concentration after ACTH stimulation testing was significantly lower than baseline on day 35 (ie, 1 week after discontinuation of prednisone treatment) but returned to baseline by day 42 in prednisone-treated dogs.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Administration of anti-inflammatory dosages of prednisone caused significant changes in serum chloride, bicarbonate, and cortisol concentrations in clinically normal dogs. Although ACTH-stimulated serum aldosterone concentrations were unchanged from baseline during glucocorticoid administration, values decreased after treatment cessation but quickly returned to baseline values.
Evaluation of the ratio of collagen type III to collagen type I in periurethral tissues of sexually intact and neutered female dogs
Authors: Byron Julie K. , Graves Thomas K. , Becker Michael D. , Cosman Joseph F. , Long Erin M. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Objective—To determine the ratio of collagen type III to collagen type I in the periurethral tissues of sexually intact and neutered female dogs.
Animals—8 neutered and 34 sexually intact female dogs.
Procedures—Tissues were obtained from female dogs euthanized for non–urinary tract–related reasons. Indirect immunofluorescent antibody detection of type I and collagen type III was performed by use of confocal microscopy on 2 periurethral samples from each dog, and the ratios of collagen type III to type I area fraction and total area were determined.
Results—No significant differences were detected in the collagen ratios of periurethral tissues between sexually intact and neutered female dogs.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In contrast to differences in periurethral collagen content found between pre- and postmenopausal women, such differences may not occur in dogs. This implies that changes in pelvic organ support structures may not play an important role in urinary incontinence in neutered female dogs. Further evaluation is needed to determine the role of age on collagen and pelvic organ support structures in the pathogenesis of canine urinary incontinence.
Serum 17α-hydroxyprogesterone concentrations during the reproductive cycle in healthy dogs and dogs with hyperadrenocorticism
Authors: Brömel Catharina , Feldman Edward C. , Davidson Autumn P. , Nelson Richard W. , Kass Philip H. , Esteller Vico Alejandro , Labelle Philippe , Munro Coralie J. , Conley Alan J. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Objective—To determine concentrations of 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) in serum of healthy bitches during various stages of the reproductive cycle and in bitches with hyperadrenocorticism and to compare the dynamics of 17OHP with those of progesterone.
Design—Prospective evaluation study.
Animals—15 healthy sexually intact bitches and 28 spayed bitches with hyperadrenocorticism.
Procedures—11 healthy bitches were evaluated during estrus, nonpregnant diestrus, and anestrus (group 1); 4 other healthy bitches were evaluated during pregnancy and after ovariohysterectomy (group 2). Cycle stages were determined via physical examination, vaginal cytologic evaluation, and serum progesterone concentration. Bitches with hyperadrenocorticism were evaluated once at the time of diagnosis (group 3). Serum hormone concentrations were determined with immunoassays.
Results—In group 1, the serum 17OHP concentration was significantly higher in diestrus (median, 1.8 ng/mL) than in estrus (median, 1.1 ng/mL) and anestrus (median, 0.2 ng/mL) and higher in estrus than in anestrus. Changes in serum progesterone concentrations accounted for 22% (estrus) or 23% (diestrus) of the variation in serum 17OHP concentrations. In group 2, 17OHP and progesterone concentrations were significantly higher during pregnancy than after ovariohysterectomy. The serum 17OHP concentration in group 3 was significantly lower (median, 0.2 ng/mL) than in group 1 in estrus and diestrus and in group 2 during pregnancy (median, 0.7 ng/mL) but was not different from 17OHP concentrations in anestrus or after ovariohysterectomy (median, 0.2 ng/mL).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Serum 17OHP concentrations in healthy bitches increased during estrus, diestrus, and pregnancy and at those times were higher than in spayed bitches with hyperadrenocorticism.
Comparison of survival after surgical or medical treatment in dogs with a congenital portosystemic shunt
Authors: Greenhalgh Stephen N. , Dunning Mark D. , McKinley Trevelyan J. , Goodfellow Mark R. , Kelman Khama R. , Freitag Thurid , O'Neill Emma J. , Hall Ed J. , Watson Penny J. , Jeffery Nick D. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Objective—To compare survival of dogs with a congenital portosystemic shunt (CPSS) that received medical or surgical treatment.
Design—Prospective cohort study.
Animals—126 client-owned dogs with a single CPSS.
Procedures—Dogs were examined at 1 of 3 referral clinics, and a single CPSS was diagnosed in each. Dogs received medical or surgical treatment without regard to signalment, clinical signs, or results of hematologic or biochemical analysis. Survival data were analyzed via a Cox regression model.
Results—During a median follow-up period of 579 days, 18 of 126 dogs died as a result of CPSS. Dogs treated via surgical intervention survived significantly longer than did those treated medically. Hazard ratio for medical versus surgical treatment of CPSS (for the treatment-only model) was 2.9 (95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 7.2). Age at CPSS diagnosis did not affect survival.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Both medical and surgical treatment can be used to achieve long-term survival of dogs with CPSS, although results of statistical analysis supported the widely held belief that surgery is preferable to medical treatment. However, the study population consisted of dogs at referral clinics, which suggested that efficacy of medical treatment may have been underestimated. Although surgical intervention was associated with a better chance of long-term survival, medical management provided an acceptable first-line option. Age at examination did not affect survival, which implied that early surgical intervention was not essential. Dogs with CPSS that do not achieve acceptable resolution with medical treatment can subsequently be treated surgically.
Screen-printed electrodes modified with HRP-zirconium alcoxide film for the development of a biosensor for acetaminophen detection
Authors: Sima Veronica , Cristea Cecilia , Bodoki Ede , Duţu Gabriela , Sāndulescu Robert 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
The development of a biosensor based on the immobilization of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) within a zirconium alkoxide-polyetilenimine film onto screen-printed electrodes (SPE) for acetaminophen detection and acetaminophen quantification in pharmaceutical products is described. The biosensor operation mode is based on monitoring the amperometric signal produced by the electrochemical reduction of the enzymatically generated electroactive oxidized species of acetaminophen in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The enzyme immobilization is performed by retention in a polyethylenimine-zirconium alcoxide porous gel film, a technique that offers good entrapping and a protective environment for the biocomponent due to the hydration properties of the immobilization layer. SPEs have the advantage of being easily mass-produced at low costs with superior characteristics in comparison with classical electrode materials. In this configuration, zirconium alkoxide demonstrates its electrocatalytic activity. The biosensor allows the quantification of acetaminophen with a limit of detection of 6.21×10−8 M and a linear range between 4.35×10−7 M and 4.98×10−6 M. Finally, the biosensor is applied to the quantitative analysis of acetaminophen in Perdolan® tablets.
Nickel and palladium complexes of enolatefunctionalised N-heterocyclic carbenes
Authors: Shanmuganathan Saravanakumar , Kühl Olaf , Jones Peter , Heinicke Joachim 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
The reaction of chloroethyltrimethylsilylether with 1-methylimidazole furnishes an ionic liquid that undergoes methanolysis to crystalline 2-hydroxyethylimidazolium chloride (crystal structure presented). Conversion to defined hydroxyethylimidazol-2-ylidene nickel complexes failed, but was accomplished with 1-methyl-3-acetophenyl-imidazolium bromide. The bis(NHC⋂O−) nickel(II) chelate is formed, rather than a methallylnickel monochelate, but with nickelocene a monochelate NiCp complex was detected. The bulky 1-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-3-(2’-phenyl-enolato)-imidazol-2-ylidene allylpalladium chloride was obtained in pure form. Attempts to generate catalysts for ethylene oligomerization by in situ techniques have failed so far whereas P⋂O− ligands, comparable by the P-C diagonal relationship, provide active catalysts.
Completely nonmeasurable unions
Authors: Rałowski Robert , Żeberski Szymon 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAssume that no cardinal κ < 2ω is quasi-measurable (κ is quasi-measurable if there exists a κ-additive ideal of subsets of κ such that the Boolean algebra P(κ)/ satisfies c.c.c.). We show that for a metrizable separable space X and a proper c.c.c. σ-ideal II of subsets of X that has a Borel base, each point-finite cover ⊆ $$ \mathbb{I} $$ of X contains uncountably many pairwise disjoint subfamilies , with $$ \mathbb{I} $$-Bernstein unions ∪ (a subset A ⊆ X is $$ \mathbb{I} $$-Bernstein if A and X \ A meet each Borel $$ \mathbb{I} $$-positive subset B ⊆ X). This result is a generalization of the Four Poles Theorem (see [1]) and results from [2] and [4].
The surface topography of Eudiplozoon nipponicum (Monogenea) developmental stages parasitizing carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)
Authors: Hodová Iveta , Matejusova Iveta , Gelnar Milan 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the external morphology of all developmental stages (egg, oncomiracidium, diporpa, just fused juvenile and adult) of the parasite, Eudiplozoon nipponicum (Monogenea, Diplozoidae), from the gills of carp was studied. During the ontogeny, the tegument, tegumentary and sensory structures are subsequently developed. The tegument of free swimming oncomiracidium occurs in two types — the ciliated and non-ciliated with numerous uniciliated sensory structures. An attachment apparatus starts to form during the oncomiracidium stage. Further developmental stages are adapted to the environment of the gills. Tegumentary folds become more apparent later in development and assist to the parasite’s attachment. In connection with its reproductive strategy, the two morphological structures of diporpa (ventral sucker and dorsal papilla) appear to play important role. On the gills, two individuals need to meet and these structures mediate the fusion between two diporpae. The hindbody of adult parasite is highly modified for attachment. The haptor, folds and lobular extensions are most developed. The forebody is flexible and able to interact with host gill tissue via the mouth and associated mouth structures. The process of food intake of the parasite was discussed.
High pressure macromolecular crystallography for structural biology: a review
Authors: Kurpiewska Katarzyna , Lewiński Krzysztof 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
In recent years, significant progress in high pressure macromolecular crystallography has been observed. It can be attributed both to the developments in experimental techniques, as well as to recognition of importance of high pressure protein studies in biochemistry and biophysics. The number of protein structures determined at pressure up to 1 GPa is growing. The unique advantages of this method can greatly improve the investigation of higher energy conformers of functional significance and our understanding of functionally important conformers, protein folding processes and the structural base of conformational diseases.
Non-specific immunity in rabbits infected with 10 strains of the rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus with different biological properties
Authors: Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej Paulina , Deptuła Wiesław 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
To determine the parameters of non-specific immunity in rabbits infected with 10 biologically different strains of the rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) virus (BS89, Hagenow, Rainham, Frankfurt, Asturias, Vt97, Triptis, Hartmannsdorf, Pv97, 9905 RHDVa) the following indices were assessed: polimorphonuclear cell (PMN) adherence capacity, absorption index, percentage of absorbing cells, spontaneous, stimulated as well as spectrophotometric test for reduction of the nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT), metabolic activity coefficient of neutrophilic granulocytes, stimulation index, myeloperoxidase activity, lysozyme concentration and activity index. The symptoms and the percentage of mortality in animals infected were recorded. On the basis of the estimated parameters, the present study confirmed the existence of immunotypes among the strains of the RHD virus. However, the results did not indicate a connection between biological property of the RHD virus (haemagglutination capacity and generation of antigenic variants) and the immunological profile of the strains.