bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population mobility and the changing epidemics of HIV‐2 in Portugal
Authors: Carvalho AC , Valadas E , França L , Carvalho C , Aleixo MJ , Mendez J , Marques R , Sarmento A , Doroana M , Antunes F , Branco T , Águas M , Sarmento e Castro R , Lazarus JV , Barros H 
Published: December 2011

IntroductionPortugal is the European country with the highest frequency of HIV‐2 infection, which is mainly concentrated in West Africa. The cumulative number of notified HIV‐2 infections in Portugal was 1813 by the end of December 2008. To better characterize the dynamics of HIV‐2 infection in the country and to obtain data that may be of use in the prevention of the spread of HIV‐2, we evaluated a large pooled sample of patients.Patients and methodsFive Portuguese hospitals provided data on HIV‐2‐infected patients from 1984 to the end of 2007. Data concerning demographic characteristics and clinical variables were extracted. Patients were stratified according to date of diagnosis in approximately 5‐year categories.ResultsThe sample included 442 patients, accounting for 37% of all HIV‐2 infections notified in Portugal during that period. HIV‐2‐infected patients showed clearly different characteristics according to the period of diagnosis. Until 2000, the majority of HIV‐2‐infected patients were Portuguese‐born males living in the north of the country. From 2000 to 2007, most of the patients diagnosed with HIV‐2 infection had a West African origin, were predominantly female and were living in the capital, Lisbon. The average age at diagnosis and loss to follow‐up significantly increased over time.ConclusionHIV‐2 infection has been documented in Portugal since the early 1980s and its epidemiology appears to reflect changes in population movement. These include the movements of soldiers and repatriates from African territories during the independence wars and, later, migration and mobility from high‐endemicity areas. The findings of this study stress the importance of promoting migrant‐sensitive health care.
Dietary patterns and risk of Parkinson’s disease: a case–control study in Japan
Authors: Okubo H. , Miyake Y. , Sasaki S. , Murakami K. , Tanaka K. , Fukushima W. , Kiyohara C. , Tsuboi Y. , Yamada T. , Oeda T. , Shimada H. , Kawamura N. , Sakae N. , Fukuyama H. , Hirota Y. , Nagai M. ,   the Fukuoka Kinki Parkinson’s Disease Study Group
Published: December 2011

Background:  Nearly all epidemiologic studies examining the association between the risk of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and diet have focused on single foods and specific nutrients. However, epidemiologic evidence for the association of dietary pattern with PD, namely the measurement of overall diet by considering the cumulative effects of nutrients is extremely limited. We conducted a hospital‐based case–control study in Japan to examine the relationship between dietary patterns and the risk of PD.Methods:  Patients with PD diagnosed using the UK PD Society Brain Bank criteria (n = 249) and controls without neurodegenerative diseases (n = 368) were recruited. At the time of recruitment, dietary intake during the preceding 1 month was assessed using a validated, self‐administered diet history questionnaire. Dietary patterns from 33 predefined food groups (energy‐adjusted food g/day) were extracted by factor analysis.Results:  Three dietary patterns were identified: ‘Healthy’, ‘Western’ and ‘Light meal’ patterns. After adjustment for potential non‐dietary confounding factors, the Healthy pattern, characterized by a high intake of vegetables, seaweed, pulses, mushrooms, fruits and fish, was inversely associated with the risk of PD with a border‐line significance (P for trend = 0.06). Multivariate Odds ratio (95% confidence intervals) for PD in the highest quartile of the Healthy pattern was 0.54 (0.32–0.92) compared with the lowest quartile. No associations with PD were detected for the other two dietary patterns.Conclusion:  In this case–control study in Japan, a dietary pattern consisting of high intakes of vegetables, fruits and fish may be associated with a decreased risk of PD.
Parental immigrant status and adolescent mental health in the United States: do racial/ethnic differences exist?
Authors: Degboe Arnold , BeLue Rhonda , Hillemeier Marianne 
Published: December 2011

Aims:  To examine the relationship between mental health problems and parental immigrant status in a representative sample of US adolescents aged 12–17.Method:  We analyzed the US 2007 National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH) restricted to 32,849 adolescents aged 12–17. Parents or guardians in random‐digit‐dial sampled households were interviewed by telephone from April 2007 through July 2008 about one of their children, selected at random. Five mental health measures were used: prior medical diagnoses of (a) depression, (b) anxiety, and (c) behavioral problems; parental reports of the adolescent (d) feeling inferior/worthless, and (e) episodes of being withdrawal from others. Logistic regression models were employed to examine the relationship between mental health problems and parental immigrant status.Results:  Overall, 19.4% of adolescents had at least one immigrant parent. After adjusting for sociodemographic factors, all adolescents with immigrant parents have decreased odds of behavioral problems (OR 0.43, p < .000), but no significant differences in the odds of depression, anxiety, worthlessness, and withdrawal compared to adolescents with US‐born parents. Similarly, White, Black, and Hispanic adolescents with immigrant parents had decreased odds of behavioral problems (OR 0.35, p < .000; OR 0.31, p < .01; and OR 0.24, p < .05, respectively) compared to their counterparts with US‐born parents.Conclusion:  Evaluation of psychological and mental health problems among adolescents in the United States should take parental immigrant status and other sociodemographic factors into account.
Modulation of T cell immune functions by the prostaglandin E2 – cAMP pathway in chronic inflammatory states
Authors: Brudvik Kristoffer Watten , Taskén Kjetil 
Published: December 2011

Cyclic AMP is the intracellular second messenger for a variety of immunoregulatory inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandin E2, adenosine and histamine that signal to effector T cells from monocytes, macrophages and regulatory T cells. Protein kinase A (PKA) type I localizes to lipid rafts in effector T cells during T cell activation and directly modulates proximal signal events including phosphorylation of C‐terminal Src kinase (Csk), which initiates a negative signal pathway that fine‐tunes the T cell activation process. The PKA‐Csk immunoregulatory pathway is scaffolded by the A kinase anchoring protein ezrin, the Csk binding protein phosphoprotein associated with glycosphingolipid‐enriched membrane microdomains and the linker protein ezrin/radixin/moesin binding protein of 50 kDa. This pathway is hyperactivated in chronic infections with an inflammatory component such as HIV, other immunodeficiencies and around solid tumours as a consequence of local inflammation leading to inhibition of anti‐tumour immunity.LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Novel cAMP Signalling Paradigms. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2012.166.issue‐2
Correlations of CTLA‐4 gene polymorphisms and hepatitis C chronic infection
Authors: Danilovic Debora L. S. , Mendes‐Correa Maria C. , Lima Érika U. , Zambrini Heverton , K. Barros Raffaelle , Marui Suemi 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackgroundCytotoxic T lymphocyte‐associated factor 4 (CTLA‐4) functions as a negative regulator of T cell‐mediated immune response. Molecular changes associated to CTLA‐4 gene polymorphisms could reduce its ability to suppress and control lymphocyte proliferation.AimsTo evaluate the frequency of CTLA‐4 gene polymorphisms in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected patients and correlate to clinical and histological findings.MethodsWe evaluated 112 HCV‐infected subjects prospectively selected and 183 healthy controls. Clinical and liver histological data were analysed. −318C > T, A49G and CT60 CTLA‐4 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were studied by PCR‐RFLP and AT(n) polymorphism by DNA fragment analysis by capillary electrophoresis in automatic sequencer.ResultsEight AT repetitions in 3′UTR region were more frequent in HCV‐infected subjects. We found a positive association of −318C and + 49G with HCV genotype 3 (P = 0.008, OR 9.13, P = 0.004, OR 2.49 respectively) and an inverse association of both alleles with HCV genotype 1 (P = 0.020, OR 0.19, P = 0.002, OR 0.38 respectively). Allele + 49G was also associated to aminotransferases quotients > 3 (qALT, P = 0.034, qAST, P = 0.041). Allele G of CT60 SNP was also associated with qAST > 3 (P = 0.012). Increased number of AT repetitions was positively associated to severe necroinflammatory activity scores in liver biopsies (P = 0.045, OR 4.62).ConclusionCTLA‐4 gene polymorphisms were associated to HCV‐infection. Eight AT repetitions were more prevalent in HCV‐infected subjects. −318C and + 49G alleles were associated to genotypes 1 and 3 infections and increased number of AT repetitions in 3′UTR region favoured severe necroinflammatory activity scores in liver biopsies.
Effects of varied ionic calcium and phosphate on the proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of human periodontal ligament cells in vitro
Authors: An S. , Ling J. , Gao Y. , Xiao Y. 
Published: December 2011

An S, Ling J, Gao Y, Xiao Y. Effects of varied ionic calcium and phosphate on the proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of human periodontal ligament cells in vitro. J Periodont Res 2012; 47: 374–382. ©2011 John Wiley & Sons A/SBackground and Objective:  A number of bone‐filling materials containing calcium (Ca2+) and phosphate (P) ions have been used in the repair of periodontal bone defects; however, the effects that local release of Ca2+ and P ions has on biological reactions are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of various levels of Ca2+ and P ions on the proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs).Material and Methods:  The hPDLCs were obtained using an explant culture method. Defined concentrations and ratios of ionic Ca2+ to inorganic P were added to standard culture and osteogenic induction media. The ability of hPDLCs to proliferate in these growth media was assayed using the Cell Counting Kit‐8. Cell apoptosis was evaluated by the fluorescein isothiocyanate–annexin V/propidium iodide double‐staining method. Osteogenic differentiation and mineralization were investigated by morphological observations, alkaline phosphatase activity and Alizarin Red S/von Kossa staining. The mRNA expression of osteogenic related markers was analysed using RT‐PCR.Results:  Within the ranges of Ca2+ and P ion concentrations tested, we observed that increased concentrations of Ca2+ and P ions enhanced cell proliferation and formation of mineralized matrix nodules, whereas alkaline phosphatase activity was reduced. The RT‐PCR results showed that elevated concentrations of Ca2+ and P ions led to a general increase of Runx2 mRNA expression and decreased alkaline phosphatase mRNA expression, but gave no clear trend on osteocalcin mRNA levels.Conclusion:  The concentrations and ratios of Ca2+ and P ions could significantly influence proliferation, differentiation and mineralization of hPDLCs. Within the range of concentrations tested, we found that the combination of 9.0 mm Ca2+ ions and 4.5 mm P ions were the optimal concentrations for proliferation, differentiation and mineralization in hPDLCs.
Evaluation of IL18 and IL18R1 polymorphisms: genetic susceptibility to knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Hulin‐Curtis S. L. , Bidwell J. L. , Perry M. J. 
Published: December 2011

SummaryWe examined single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL18 and IL18/R1 genes and knee OA. IL18 rs1946518 wild‐type allele was more frequently observed in cases (P = 0.04). Haplotype 1 was more frequently observed in cases (P = 0.04). Genetic variation in the promoter region of IL18, but not IL18R1, may be associated with OA.
Proposed pathogenesis of Paget–Schroetter disease: impingement of the subclavian vein by a congenitally malformed bony tubercle on the first rib
Authors: Gharagozloo Farid , Meyer Mark , Tempesta Barbara , Strother Eric , Margolis Marc , Neville Richard 
Published: December 2011

AimTo study and compare the anatomical and clinical pathology of first ribs in patients with Paget–Schroetter Disease (PSD) with first ribs in patients without the disease.MethodsIn a case–control study, normal human cadaver first ribs were compared with first ribs from patients with PSD. Ribs, intraoperative videos of transthoracic en bloc surgical resection of the first rib, and preoperative and postoperative dynamic upper extremity venograms were reviewed.ResultsFifteen first ribs were from patients with PSD and seven normal first ribs were from human cadavers. In all patients (100%) with PSD there was a bony tubercle that corresponded to the area of the subclavian vein groove in the normal ribs. In all controls (100%), there was a normal subclavian groove without the presence of a tubercle. On preoperative venograms in patients with PSD, the tubercle accounted for an extrinsic protuberance that compressed the subclavian vein (100%). Intraoperatively, the abnormal bony tubercle accounted for the extrinsic compression of the subclavian vein in all (100%) patients with PSD. Venograms of the upper extremity obtained after first rib resection showed the disappearance of the extrinsic compression on the subclavian vein (100%) and a patent subclavian vein with elevation of the arm in all patients.ConclusionsA bony tubercle at the site of the subclavian vein groove in patients with PSD causes extrinsic compression of the subclavian vein at rest.
Molecular Biomarkers of Risk in Premalignancy and Breast Cancer Prevention
Authors: Allred D. Craig 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
About 50,000 U.S. women are diagnosed with breast atypical hyperplasia each year, giving them about a six-fold increased relative risk of developing invasive breast cancer (IBC) compared with age-matched controls. Still, only a small fraction of patients with atypical hyperplasia ever progress to IBC, which is a major reason why a large majority do not participate in breast cancer prevention, despite the remarkable effectiveness of currently available risk-reducing therapies. An interesting study reported by Radisky and colleagues in this issue of the journal (beginning on page 1953) evaluated expression levels of p16ink4a in atypical hyperplasia for more accurately predicting risk—hoping to identify high-risk patients who will benefit most from therapy while sparing those with lower risk from unnecessary therapy. Unfortunately, p16ink4a expression was not prognostic in this particular study, although research to identify powerful biomarkers of risk remains a high priority. Fortunately, there are many other promising biomarkers under investigation, as well as several underutilized experimental strategies which could help promote successful breast cancer prevention. Cancer Prev Res; 4(12); 1947–52. ©2011 AACR.
The Fracturing of LGBT Identities under Neoliberal Capitalism
Authors: Drucker Peter 
Published: December 2011

AbstractHistorians have linked the emergence of contemporary lesbian/gay identities to the development of capitalism. A materialist approach should also look atdifferentforms of sexual identity, and their connections with specific phases of capitalist development. Marxist long-wave theory can help us understand how the decline of Fordism contributed to shifts in LGBT identities, speeding the consolidation of gay identity while fostering the rise of alternative sexual identities. These alternative identities, sometimes defined as ‘queer’, characterised by sexual practices that are still stigmatised, by explicit power-differentials and above all by gender-nonconformity, are particularly common among young and disadvantaged working-class strata. The growing diversity of identities is a challenge to any gay universalism that neglects class, gender, sexual, racial/ethnic and other differences, to the currently dominant forms of lesbian/gay organising, and ultimately to the prevailing division of human beings into gay and straight.1
What does History Matter to Philosophy of Physics?
Authors: Ryckman Thomas 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Naturalized metaphysics remains a default presupposition of much contemporary philosophy of physics. As metaphysics is supposed to be about the general structure of reality, so a naturalized metaphysics draws upon our best physical theories: Assuming the truth of such a theory, it attempts to answer the “foundational question par excellence”, “how could the world possibly be the way this theory says it is?” It is argued that attention to historical detail in the development and formulation of physical theories serves as an ever-relevant hygienic corrective to the “sentiment of rationality” underlying the naturalistic impulse to read ontology off of physics.
Genealogical Pragmatism: How History Matters for Foucault and Dewey
Authors: Koopman Colin 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
This article offers the outlines of a historically-informed conception of critical inquiry herein named genealogical pragmatism. This conception of critical inquiry combines the genealogical emphasis on problematization featured in Michel Foucault’s work with the pragmatist emphasis on reconstruction featured in John Dewey’s work. The two forms of critical inquiry featured by these thinkers are not opposed, as is too commonly supposed. Genealogical problematization and pragmatist reconstruction fit together for reason of their mutual emphasis on the importance of history for philosophy. In so fitting together they repair crucial deficits in both traditions as they currently stand on their own (namely, genealogy’s normative deficit and pragmatism’s excessive instrumentalism). The resulting conception of critical inquiry as simultaneously problematizational and reconstructive is offered as a first step toward a crucial philosophical task we face today: articulating normativity without foundations.
Blessed [Are] the Peacemakers... Grotius on the Just War and Christian Pacifism
Authors: De Blois Matthijs 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn The Law of War and Peace Grotius needs many more pages for the theological arguments in the debate on war and peace than for the arguments derived from natural law and international law. Apparently the controversy within Christendom on the justifiability of warfare was one of the most important issues to be addressed in his magnum opus. The general discussion in his days was about the proper interpretation of the Holy Scriptures, the authority of which was accepted by all participants. This contribution focuses on the position of Hugo Grotius in this debate, confronting his ideas with the biblical arguments of those who (almost) completely rejected warfare, more in particular Erasmus and the Anabaptist branch of the Reformation. Grotius rejected the arguments in favour of Christian pacifism, which was to a considerable degree defended by Erasmus and which formed a central tenet of the Anabaptists. The latter's apolitical stand was not shared by Grotius or by Erasmus who were both albeit to different degrees involved in the political debate and practice in the field of war and peace.
With this Lingo, I Thee Wed: Language and Marriage in Autobiography of A Chinese Woman
Authors: Feng Jin 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn Autobiography of A Chinese Woman (1947), Yang Buwei (1889-1981) asserted that her husband, Zhao Yuanren, "found his work and his country ... because he found me," that is to say, because Yang, a "thoroughly Chinese" woman, rekindled his interest in Chinese dialects and thus "repatriated" this "English-speaking and American-feeling" man. Yet scrutiny of Yang's representation of their marriage belies her claim to an uncomplicated link between their shared mother tongue and their national identity. To be sure, her narrative gestures and topos widely differed from those of the more "Americanized" Zhao. Rather than looking to a Western model as legitimization of their unconventional marriage, Yang deployed the figure of her female Chinese colleague, a "traditional lady," as a foil against which she painted herself as a liberated and self-reliant modern Chinese woman favored by Zhao. However, she also published different versions of her autobiography in Chinese and English. Thus, despite her linguistic and narrative maneuvers, Yang could accomplish only a partial reconciliation of conflicting gender and national identities through the written word. By telling the story of a happy marriage of Chinese and American values she temporarily acquired a fluidity that enabled her to redefine and cross national and gender boundaries.
A Comparative Analysis of Nineteenth-Century Californian and New Zealand Newspaper Representations of Chinese Gold Miners
Authors: Hannis Grant 
Published: December 2011

AbstractDuring the nineteenth-century gold rush era, Chinese gold miners arrived spontaneously in California and, later, were invited in to work the Otago goldfields in New Zealand. This article considers how the initial arrival of Chinese in those areas was represented in two major newspapers of the time, the Daily Alta California and the Otago Witness. Both newspapers initially favored Chinese immigration, due to the economic benefits that accrued and the generally tolerant outlook of the newspapers' editors. The structure of the papers' coverage differed, however, reflecting the differing historical circumstances of California and Otago. Both papers gave little space to reporting Chinese in their own voices. The newspapers editors played the crucial role in shaping each newspaper's coverage over time. The editor of the Witness remained at the helm of his newspaper throughout the survey period and his newspaper consequently did not waver in its support of the Chinese. The editor of the Alta, by contrast, died toward the end of the survey period and his newspaper subsequently descended into racist, anti-Chinese rhetoric.
The History of the Inter-American System's Jurisprudence as Regards Situations of Armed Conflict
Authors: Cerna Christina M. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractFaced with insurgencies and situations of internal armed conflict in a number of Organization of American States (OAS) member states, some states called upon the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) to take into account the operations of irregular armed groups when assessing the situation of human rights in their countries. The IACHR responded that only assessment of state actions had been included within its mandate and that the OAS member states should amend the IACHR's Statute if they wished to expand its mandate. The OAS member states failed to do so. In 1996, the International Court of Justice (ICJ), in its Advisory Opinion on Nuclear Weapons, set forth its view on the relationship between international human rights law (IHRL) and international humanitarian law (IHL). In 1997, following the ICJ's Opinion, the IACHR began to apply IHL as the lex specialis in its assessments of the situation of IHRL and IHL to cases involving situations of armed conflict and continued to do so until the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR) declared the IACHR incompetent to apply IHL. This article submits that the IACtHR erred in its judgment on the Preliminary Objections in Las Palmeras v. Colombia.