bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Self‐Assembly of Dihydroxyperylene Bisimides for the Tuning of Photophysical Properties
Authors: Li Yongjun , Qing Zhihong , Yu Yanwen , Liu Taifeng , Jiang Runsheng , Li Yuliang 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe synthesis of 1,10‐dihydroxyperylene bisimides by nucleophilic substitution of brominated perylene bisimide is described. 1,10‐Dihydroxyperylene bisimides formed J aggregates in nonpolar solvents and showed a clearly redshifted absorption band. The solvent polarity also influenced the hydrogen bond with the hydroxyl group, and thus, the photophysical properties of perylene bisimide. The photophysical properties of these dihydroxyperylene perylene bisimides can also be tuned by changing charge transfer from the hydroxyl groups to the perylene core through the introduction of metal ions.
A study of economic efficiency in port security inspection
Authors: Yoon Daegwun , Gim Jingoo 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYThe purpose of this paper is to study an economic efficiency for the prediction of additional truck turnaround time and for determining the number of the port security inspection equipment required at a terminal inspection station. The economic efficiency with six base models was developed to assist terminal operators' decision‐making. In addition, this study developed an optimal procedure that terminal operators could use to optimally run in terms of various statistics processes including exponential, deterministic, and others, seeking a solution that was beneficial for both terminal operators and truckers.As a result of this research of the additional cargo turnaround time for port security delay, the following conclusion can be drawn and made. The average additional delay time in the inspection station is very dependent on the inspection rate of the lower stage. The higher weighted inspection time based on raising security level allows less number of trucks to be inspected, which will derive high delay in the inspection station. Increase of rate of Green Lane usage will allow a decrease in the arrival rate, which may derive improvement of inspection equipment efficiency and average delay time at the inspection station. In multiple stage model, total number of trucks and delay time very closely follow those of low inspection stage rate and number of inspection units. Free Lane is to be followed by Customs‐Trade Partnership Against Terrorism and standardization of customs, packing, loading and unloading, documents, procedure, and exchange working in each country. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Funding for teratology information services: Up, down, and all around
Authors: Quinn Dee 
Published: June 2012

AbstractFunding for Teratology Information Services has been an ongoing struggle over the 25 years of its existence. Traditional and novel funding mechanisms have been explored with varying success. The importance of providing teratology risk assessment and counseling to all women of reproductive age is now an established health care objective. Sufficient and stable funding for these services is essential. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 94:660–663, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A novel mutation in PRG4 gene underlying camptodactyly‐arthropathy‐coxa vara‐pericarditis syndrome with the possible expansion of the phenotype to include congenital cataract
Authors: Akawi Nadia A. , Ali Bassam R. , Al‐Gazali Lihadh 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDCamptodactyly‐arthropathy‐coxa vara‐pericarditis syndrome (CACP) is a clinically heterogenous congenital disorder caused by mutations in proteoglycan 4 (PRG4), a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan that acts as a lubricant for the cartilage surface. Although CACP is a rare genetic disorder, several cases were described in the literature from ethnically different populations including Caucasian, Egyptian, Saudi Arabian, Pakistani, and Korean. We report CACP for the first time in United Arab Emirates.METHODSDirect sequencing of all the coding exons and splice sites of the PRG4 gene was performed for all the members of the affected family.RESULTSThe studied family is consanguineous and has multiple affected members from different branches showing congenital camptodactyly with arthropathy, the hallmarks of CACP. All the affected family members lack pericarditis, but one of them was born with cataract, which has never been documented in any of the previously reported cases of CACP. Molecular analysis revealed a novel homozygous insertion of a cytosine nucleotide (c.1320dupC) in the highly repetitive portion of the coding sequence of the PRG4 gene. The detected mutation caused a frameshift in the cDNA sequence and created a premature termination codon (p.P440fsX197), which is likely to result in a nonfunctional protein.CONCLUSIONWe report a family from the United Arab Emirates with typical features of CACP in whom one of the children had in addition, a bilateral congenital cataract. We also report the identification of a novel null mutation in PRG4 confirming the genetic homogeneity of CACP. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Indirect electrochemiluminescence detection of lysine and histidine separated by capillary electrophoresis based on charge displacement
Authors: Yu Huan , Xu Lei , You Tianyan 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTIndirect electrochemiluminescence (ECL) detection was applied for the analysis of lysine (Lys) and histidine (His) separated by capillary electrophoresis (CE). With the most effective electrophoretic buffer system, which contained 15 mM phosphate buffer (pH = 5.8) and 0.5 mM Tripropylamine (TPA), fast separation of the two basic amino acids could be performed within 7 min. The linear ranges were 10–35 μM, 35–150 μM for Lys; and 5–35 μM, 35–150 μM for His. The detection limits (S/N = 3) were 0.3 μM for Lys and 1.0 μM for His, respectively. The proposed method was also successfully used for the determination of Lys in the oral pharmaceutical formulations. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular dynamics simulation of the induced‐fit binding process of DNA aptamer and L‐argininamide
Authors: Lin Po‐Hsun , Tsai Ching‐Wei , Wu Josephine W. , Ruaan Ruoh‐Chyu , Chen Wen‐Yih 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAptamers are rare functional nucleic acids with binding affinity to and specificity for target ligands. Recent experiments have lead to the proposal of an induced‐fit binding mechanism for L‐argininamide (Arm) and its binding aptamer. However, at the molecular level, this mechanism between the aptamer and its coupled ligand is still poorly understood. The present study used explicit solvent molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to examine the critical bases involved in aptamer‐Arm binding and the induced‐fit binding process at atomic resolution. The simulation results revealed that the Watson‐Crick pair (G10‐C16), C9, A12, and C17 bases play important roles in aptamer‐Arm binding, and that binding of Arm results in an aptamer conformation optimized through a general induced‐fit process. In an aqueous solution, the mechanism has the following characteristic stages: (a) adsorption stage, the Arm anchors to the binding site of aptamer with strong electrostatic interaction; (b) binding stage, the Arm fits into the binding site of aptamer by hydrogen‐bond formation; and (c) complex stabilization stage, the hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions cooperatively stabilize the complex structure. This study provides dynamics information on the aptamer‐ligand induced‐fit binding mechanism. The critical bases in aptamer‐ligand binding may provide a guideline in aptamer design for molecular recognition engineering.
Controlled feeding of hydrogen peroxide as oxygen source improves production of 5‐ketofructose From L‐sorbose using engineered pyranose 2‐oxidase from Peniophora gigantea
Authors: Schneider Konstantin , Dorscheid Susanne , Witte Klaus , Giffhorn Friedrich , Heinzle Elmar 
Published: June 2012

Abstract5‐Keto‐D‐fructose is a useful starting material for the synthesis of pyrrolidine iminosugars. It can be prepared by regioselective oxidation of L‐sorbose using pyranose 2‐oxidase (P2Ox) and O2 as a cosubstrate. As the solubility of O2 in aqueous solution is low and the affinity of P2Ox for O2 is poor, we developed a new and efficient process for the production of 5‐keto‐D‐fructose based on engineered P2Ox from Peniophora gigantea and in situ generation of O2 from H2O2 with catalase. This kind of oxygen supply required efficient mixing of the bioreactor which was achieved by controlled feeding of H2O2 close to the impeller tip where energy dissipation rate is highest. Thus bubbling, known to affect enzyme stability, was largely avoided, and the process could be run up to 145% oxygen super‐saturation which speeds‐up P2Ox activity. Under these conditions quantitative oxidation of 180 g L−1 L‐sorbose to 5‐keto‐D‐fructose could be achieved within 4 h, resulting in a threefold higher overall productivity of the process compared to a process using gaseous oxygen supply. In addition, in situ generation of O2 from H2O2 lowered the oxygen demand of the process by a factor of 100 compared to gaseous oxygen supply. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109: 2941–2945. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Crosslinked aggregates of Rhizopus oryzae lipase as industrial biocatalysts: Preparation, optimization, characterization, and application for enantioselective resolution reactions
Authors: Kartal Funda , Kilinc Ali 
Published: June 2012

AbstractLipase from Rhizopus oryzae (ROL) was immobilized as crosslinked enzyme aggregate (CLEA) via precipitation with ammonium sulfate and simultaneous crosslinking with glutaraldehyde. The optimum conditions of the immobilization process were determined. Lipase CLEAs showed a twofold increase in activity when Tween 80‐pretreated lipase was used for CLEA preparation. CLEAs were shown to have several advantages compared to free lipase. CLEAs were more stable at 50°C and 60°C as well as for a wide range of pH. After incubation at 50°C, CLEA showed 74% of initial activity whereas free enzyme was totally inactivated. Reduction of Schiff bases has been performed for the first time in the CLEA preparation process significantly improving the chemically modified CLEAs' reusability, thus providing an enzyme with high potential for recycling even under aqueous reaction conditions where enzyme leakage is, in general, one of the major problems. The CLEA retained 91% activity after 10 cycles in aqueous medium. The immobilized enzyme was used for kinetic resolution reactions. Results showed that immobilization had an enhancing effect on the conversion (c) as well as on the enantiomeric ratio (E). ROL CLEA displayed five times higher enantioselectivity for the hydrolysis of (R,S)‐1‐phenylethyl acetate and likewise 1.5 times higher enantioselectivity for the transesterification of racemic (R–S)‐1‐phenylethanol with vinylacetate. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 28: 937–945, 2012This article was published online on June 26, 2012. An edit was subsequently requested. This notice is included in the online and print versions to indicate that both have been corrected [27 June 2012].
Aqueous Solutions of Mo‐V‐Phosphoric Heteropoly Acids as Bifunctional Catalysts For Preparation of 9,10‐Anthraquinone and its Hydrogenated Derivatives
Authors: Zhizhina Elena G. , Odyakov Viktor F. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAcid‐catalyzed condensation of 1,3‐butadiene with para‐quinones and oxidation of resulting adducts can be performed as a one‐pot process in the presence of aqueous solutions of Mo‐V‐phosphoric heteropoly acids (HPA) with the general formula HaPzMoyVxOb. These solutions have bifunctional catalytic properties; they are both strong Brønsted acids and reversible oxidants. Condensation of hydroquinone, 1,4‐benzoquinone, or 1,4‐naphthoquinone with 1,3‐butadiene in the HPA solutions results in 9,10‐anthraquinone (AQ) in a mixture with tetrahydro‐AQ (THA) and dihydro‐AQ (DHA). In this one‐pot process, which proceeds in the absence of organic solvents, the HPA solution is reduced. A slightly soluble mixture of THA, DHA, and AQ is precipitated and filtered off. The non‐Keggin‐type H12P3Mo18V7O85 solution is the most effective in this process. This solution can be rapidly regenerated by dioxygen or air at temperatures of up to 170 °C and then reused. The prepared THA+DHA+AQ mixture can be used as a catalyst for alkaline delignification of wood. Our homogeneous bifunctional HPA catalyst is very stable and promising for use in similar one‐pot processes.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Adenosines with Heterobicyclic and Polycyclic N6‐Substituents as Adenosine A1 Receptor Agonists
Authors: Gosling Joshua I. , Baker Stephen P. , Haynes John M. , Kassiou Michael , Pouton Colin W. , Warfe Lyndon , White Paul J. , Scammells Peter J. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA concise synthesis of a series of N6‐substituted adenosines with bicyclo[3.2.1]octan‐6‐yl and polycyclic N6‐substituents has been developed. The adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) affinity and potency of these compounds was initially assessed using competitive binding assays and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) accumulation assays in DDT1 MF‐2 cells. The potency and receptor subtype selectivity of selected examples was further evaluated by measuring their effects on cAMP accumulation at all human adenosine receptor subtypes expressed in CHO cells. The results of these assays indicated that all of the synthesised N6‐substituted adenosines are full agonists at A1R and activate this receptor selectively over the other adenosine receptor subtypes. The two standout compounds in terms of potency were N6‐(3‐thiabicyclo[3.2.1]octan‐6‐yl)adenosine and N6‐(cubanylmethyl)adenosine with EC50 values at human A1R of 2.3 nM and 1.1 nM, respectively. The cubanylmethyl derivative in particular proved to be highly receptor subtype selective. These two compounds were further evaluated in a simulated ischaemia model in cultured cardiomyoblasts, where they were found to impart protective effects under hypoxic conditions that resulted in a significant reduction in cell death.
Molecular investigation of lymph nodes in colon cancer patients using one‐step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA)
Authors: Güller Ulrich , Zettl Andreas , Worni Mathias , Langer Igor , Cabalzar‐Wondberg Daniela , Viehl Carsten T. , Demartines Nicolas , Zuber Markus 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:A new diagnostic system, called one‐step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA), has recently been designed to detect cytokeratin 19 mRNA as a surrogate for lymph node metastases. The objective of this prospective investigation was to compare the performance of OSNA with both standard hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) analysis and intensive histopathology in the detection of colon cancer lymph node metastases.METHODS:In total, 313 lymph nodes from 22 consecutive patients with stage I, II, and III colon cancer were assessed. Half of each lymph node was analyzed initially by H&E followed by an intensive histologic workup (5 levels of H&E and immunohistochemistry analyses, the gold standard for the assessment of sensitivity/specificity of OSNA), and the other half was analyzed using OSNA.RESULTS:OSNA was more sensitive in detecting small lymph node tumor infiltrates compared with H&E (11 results were OSNA positive/H&E negative). Compared with intensive histopathology, OSNA had 94.5% sensitivity, 97.6% specificity, and a concordance rate of 97.1%. OSNA resulted in an upstaging of 2 of 13 patients (15.3%) with lymph node‐negative colon cancer after standard H&E examination.CONCLUSIONS:OSNA appeared to be a powerful and promising molecular tool for the detection of lymph node metastases in patients with colon cancer. OSNA had similar performance in the detection of lymph node metastases compared with intensive histopathologic investigations and appeared to be superior to standard histology with H&E. Most important, the authors concluded that OSNA may lead to a potential upstaging of >15% of patients with colon cancer. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Strain differences in illumination‐dependent structural changes at mouse photoreceptor ribbon synapses
Authors: Fuchs Michaela , Sendelbeck Anna , Atorf Jenny , Kremers Jan , Brandstätter Johann Helmut 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPhotoreceptor cells encode light signals over a wide range of intensities with graded changes in their membrane potential. At their highly specialized ribbon synapses they transmit the signals to the postsynaptic neurons by the tonic release of glutamate, which is continuously adjusted to changes in light intensity. Such a level of performance requires adaptive mechanisms, and it is suggested that illumination‐dependent changes in ribbon shape and size are one of these adaptive processes. In this study we compared structural properties of synaptic ribbons under various illumination conditions between three mouse strains: the pigmented C57BL/6 and the two albino strains Balb/c and B6(Cg)‐Tyrc‐2J/J (coisogenic to C57BL/6). In addition, electroretinograms (ERGs) recorded in the same groups were compared. In the C57BL/6 mouse a change in illumination did not result in structural alterations of the synaptic ribbon. Similarly, in the B6(Cg)‐Tyrc‐2J/J mouse only minor structural changes were detected. In contrast, the state of adaptation had a large influence on the ribbon structure of the Balb/c mouse. The ERG recordings showed only small functional differences between C57BL/6 and B6(Cg)‐Tyrc‐2J/J mice, but the retinal function of Balb/c mice was strongly compromised. We conclude that illumination‐dependent changes of photoreceptor ribbon structure differ between strains and thus cannot be regarded as a general mechanism for light adaptation. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:69–78, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Directed glia‐assisted angiogenesis in a mature neurosensory structure: Pericytes mediate an adaptive response in human dental pulp that maintains blood‐barrier function
Authors: Farahani Ramin M. , Sarrafpour Babak , Simonian Mary , Li Qing , Hunter Neil 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe specialized tightly controlled microcirculation of craniofacial neurosensory organs is an essential evolutionary adaptation and yet a dilemma where angiogenic remodeling occurs. Despite extreme plasticity of neurosensory structures, the capacity to reconcile barrier phenotype of the microcirculation with an angiogenic cascade is not known. Here we provide primary evidence for such a response in an elemental neurosensory structure, human dental pulp, following chronic carious insult. In response to hypoxic challenge neurosensory odontoblasts express hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α and notch‐1. Associated radial rearrangement of astrocyte‐like telacytes that communicate through a cell‐poor zone with the microvasculature is observed. Activated pericytes characterized by expression of α‐smooth muscle actin are located adjacent to the telacyte attachment to the vasculature. In this location, endothelial expression of sonic hedgehog parallels expression of notch‐1 by pericytes. The angiogenic response is initiated by pericyte contraction and altered endothelial polarity and proliferation leading to intussusception of endothelial cells and extensive remodeling of basement membrane with upregulation of laminin‐8 and laminin‐5. These responses guide intravascular loop formation that maintains both intact basement membrane and tight junctions. This initial phase is followed by formation of anastomoses that enhance the hemodynamic capacity of the intravascular loops. The formation of anastomoses is mediated by extension of cytonemes from pericytes guided by MHC‐II+/CD‐163+ microglia aligned with the telacytes. The cytonemes seek out pericytes on adjacent intravascular loops to initiate migration of endothelial cells. These findings support a new paradigm for understanding angiogenic capacity of neurosensory structures and aberrations of this response manifest as neurovasculopathies. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:3803–3826, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Risk assessment in work environments: modeling and simulation
Authors: Fugini Mariagrazia , Raibulet Claudia , Ubezio Luigi 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYThe paper proposes a characterization of risks and a service‐oriented prototype to face risky situations in work environments, such as in industrial plants or building construction areas. A risk is the overture of emergencies that produce human and/or material damages. Therefore, it is particularly critical to identify and manage risks to avoid their evolution into emergencies. In this paper, we outline the technological features of a risk environment and propose a risk model and a service‐based simulation prototype aimed to improve safety in work environments. We discuss engineering issues concerning risk modeling and management. Furthermore, we propose a risk management system solution and its related implemented prototype composed of services able to detect and also to prevent the occurrence of risk conditions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spray deposition and characterization of undoped and In‐doped tin disulphide thin films
Authors: Kumar K. Santhosh , Manoharan C. , Amalraj L. , Dhanapandian S. , Kiruthigaa G. , Vijayakumar K. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractUndoped and Indium doped tin disulphide (SnS2) thin films had been deposited onto glass substrates at Ts = 300 °C using spray pyrolysis technique under atmospheric pressure with stannous chloride, indium chloride and thiourea as precursors. The structural, optical and electrical properties of the deposited films were characterized. The XRD pattern revealed that the undoped and doped films had preferred orientation along (002) plane with hexagonal structure. FESEM micrographs had shown that morphologies of the films changed with indium doping. Optical constant such as refractive index (n), extinction coefficient (k), real and imaginary parts of dielectric constants were evaluated from transmittance and reflectance spectra in UV‐Visible spectroscopy. The optical absorption data were used to determine the band gap energy and it was found to be 2.75 eV for undoped and 2.50 eV for indium doped films respectively. The room temperature dark resistivity was found to be 4.545 × 103 Ω‐cm and 5.406 × 103 Ω‐cm for undoped and In‐doped films respectively.
Unusual Catalysts from Molasses: Synthesis, Properties and Application in Obtaining Biofuels from Algae
Authors: Samorì Chiara , Torri Cristian , Fabbri Daniele , Falini Giuseppe , Faraloni Cecilia , Galletti Paola , Spera Silvia , Tagliavini Emilio , Torzillo Giuseppe 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAcid catalysts were prepared by sulfonation of carbon materials obtained from the pyrolysis of sugar beet molasses, a cheap, viscous byproduct in the processing of sugar beets into sugar. Conditions for the pyrolysis of molasses (temperature and time) influenced catalyst performance; the best combination came from pyrolysis at low temperature (420 °C) for a relatively long time (8–15 h), which ensured better stability of the final material. The most effective molasses catalyst was highly active in the esterification of fatty acids with methanol (100 % yield after 3 h) and more active than common solid acidic catalysts in the transesterification of vegetable oils with 25–75 wt % of acid content (55–96 % yield after 8 h). A tandem process using a solid acid molasses catalyst and potassium hydroxide in methanol was developed to de‐acidificate and transesterificate algal oils from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Nannochloropsis gaditana, and Phaeodactylum tricornutum, which contain high amounts of free fatty acids. The amount of catalyst required for the de‐acidification step was influenced by the chemical composition of the algal oil, thus operational conditions were determined not only in relation to free fatty acids content in the oil, but according to the composition of the lipid extract of each algal species.