bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Site‐Selective Suzuki—Miyaura Reactions of the Bis(triflate) of 1,3‐Dihydroxythioxanthone.
Authors: Zinad Dhafer Saber , Hussain Munawar , Akrawi Omer Adeeb , Villinger Alexander , Langer Peter 
Published: September 2011

AbstractCoupling of the title compound (I) with various arylboronic acids renders possible a site‐selectivity in favor of the 3‐position to yield various mono‐ and bis‐arylated derivatives for material and drug synthesis.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Tetrahydroimidazolpyridinones via an MCR Involving 6‐Cl‐PMNI, Aldehydes, and Meldrum′s Acid.
Authors: Hu Bin , Zhou Yi‐Yue , Du Wenting , Xu Xiaoyong , Li Zhong , Deng Wei‐Ping 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe new title compounds (IV) (14 examples) are highly bioactive potential insecticides.
ChemInform Abstract: A Regioselective Synthesis of Some New Pyrazol‐1′‐ylpyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines in Aqueous Medium and Their Evaluation as Antimicrobial Agents.
Authors: Aggarwal Ranjana , Sumran Garima , Garg Neelam , Aggarwal Ashok 
Published: September 2011

AbstractTreatment of aminohydrazinopyrazole dihydrochloride (I) with unsymmetrical diketones (II) in water without any catalysts or additives yields the pyrazolylpyrazolopyrimidines (III) together with the unexpected pyrazoles (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of 2,3‐Dioxopyrrolo[2,1‐a]isoquinolines with Naphthalene‐2,3‐diamine.
Authors: Surikova O. V. , Mikhailovskii A. G. , Vakhrin M. I. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe title reaction provides compounds (III), which attract interest as new synthons, biologically active substances and luminophors in good yield.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Activity of Substituted 3‐Fluoro/3‐Trifluoromethyl 10H‐Phenothiazines, Its Ribofuranosides and Sulfones.
Authors: Gautam Naveen , Goyal Kshamta , Saini Omprakash , Kumar Ashok , Gautam D. C. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractNew fluorinated 10H‐phenothiazines such as (III) are synthesized and converted into corresponding sulfones [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and in vitro Antimalarial Activity of Tetraoxane‐amine/amide Conjugates.
Authors: Kumar Nitin , Khan Shabana I. , Atheaya Himanshu , Mamgain Ritu , Rawat Diwan S. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractTetraoxanes (III) are prepared by acid‐catalyzed peroxidation of benzaldehydes (I) and terephthalaldehyde (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Triethylammonium Tetra‐Arylborates (TEATABs): Coupling Partners for the Suzuki Reaction.
Authors: Kuuloja Noora M. , Kylmaelae Tuula M. , Tois Jan E. , Sjoeholm Rainer E. , Franzen Robert G. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA convenient, reproducible procedure for the synthesis of the title compounds (III), (VII) and (X) is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: anti‐Proliferative Activity of Aguerin B and a New Rare nor‐Guaianolide Lactone Isolated from the Aerial Parts of Centaurea deflexa.
Authors: Chicca Andrea , Tebano Marianna , Adinolfi Barbara , Ertugrul Kuddisi , Flamini Guido , Nieri Paola 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe phytochemical investigation of C.deflexa leads to identification and characterization of twentyone compounds, belonging to various classes of compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyathane Diterpenes from Chinese Mushroom Sarcodon scabrosus and Their Neurite Outgrowth‐Promoting Activity.
Authors: Shi Xin‐Wei , Liu Li , Gao Jin‐Ming , Zhang An‐Ling 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe novel diterpenoids, scabronine K (I) and L (II) are isolated from the fruiting bodies of the basidiomycete S.scabrosus together with four known analogues.
ChemInform Abstract: Simplexins J—O, Eunicellin‐Based Diterpenoids from a Dongsha Atoll Soft Coral Klyxum simplex.
Authors: Wu Shwu‐Li , Su Jui‐Hsin , Lu Yi , Chen Bo‐Wei , Huang Chiung‐Yao , Wen Zhi‐Hong , Kuo Yao‐Haur , Sheu Jyh‐Horng 
Published: September 2011

AbstractSimplexins M—O (IV) reduce the level of pro‐inflammatory iNOS proteins in LPS‐stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells.
ChemInform Abstract: Reduction of 2‐Arylthio‐β‐C‐D‐Glucopyranosides with Different Functional Groups in the Lateral Chain.
Authors: Han Mingming , Smoliakova Irina P. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe reductive desulfurization of title glucopyranosides, which are obtained by a known procedure from commercially available tri‐O‐benzyl‐D‐glucal, is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Cholinesterase Inhibitors from Voacanga globosa.
Authors: Macabeo Allan Patrick G. , et al. et al. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractFive compounds are isolated from V.globasa through a bioassay‐guided purification, including the new spirobisindole alkaloid globospiramine (I) possessing an Aspidosperma‐Aspidosperma skeleton.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies of the Lichen Macrolide Lepranthin. Stereoselective Synthesis of the Diolide Framework Based on Regioselective Epoxide‐Opening Reactions.
Authors: Takada Hisashi , Nagumo Shinji , Yasui Eiko , Mizukami Megumi , Miyashita Masaaki 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA synthetic approach toward 16‐membered diolide (VIIb), a fully functionalized congener of Lepranthin (VIIa), is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and anti‐Trypanosoma cruzi Activity of β‐Lapachone Analogues.
Authors: Ferreira Sabrina Baptista , Salomao Kelly , da Silva Fernando de Carvalho , Pinto Antonio Ventura , Kaiser Carlos Roland , Pinto Angelo C. , Ferreira Vitor Francisco , de Castro Solange L. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe naphthoquinone analogues of β‐lapachone are obtained from methylene and aryl o‐quinone methides, generated in situ by Knoevenagel condensation of lawsone (I) with paraformaldehyde (II) or aryl aldehydes (IX), followed by hetero Diels—Alder reaction with different dienophiles.
ChemInform Abstract: Suzuki—Miyaura Reactions of the Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Inhibitor NS2028: A Non‐Product Specific Route to C‐8 Substituted Analogues.
Authors: Berezin Andrey A. , Koutentis Panayiotis A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractGuanylate cyclase inhibitor ODQ (IV) is synthesized starting from dihydroquinoxalinone oxime (I) with carbonyldiimidazole (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Shape‐Controlled Monodisperse Wurtzite CuInxGa1‐xS2 Semiconductor Nanocrystals with Tunable Band Gap.
Authors: Wang Yu‐Hsiang A. , Zhang Xiaoyan , Bao Ningzhong , Lin Baoping , Gupta Arunava 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWurtzite‐structured CuInxGa1‐xS2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) is synthesized by rapidly injecting a mixture of 1‐dodecanethiol and tert.‐dodecanethiol into a solution of Cu(acac)2, In(acac)3, Ga(acac)3, trioctylphosphine oxide, and oleylamine at 150 °C with nitrogen purging, followed by heating at 280—290 °C for 30 min.
Mechanics of the Lung in the 20th Century
Authors: Mitzner Wayne 
Published: September 2011

AbstractMajor advances in respiratory mechanics occurred primarily in the latter half of the 20th century, and this is when much of our current understanding was secured. The earliest and ancient investigations involving respiratory physiology and mechanics were frequently done in conjunction with other scientific activities and often lacked the ability to make quantitative measurements. This situation changed rapidly in the 20th century, and this relatively recent history of lung mechanics has been greatly influenced by critical technological advances and applications, which have made quantitative experimental testing of ideas possible. From the spirometer of Hutchinson, to the pneumotachograph of Fleisch, to the measurement of esophageal pressure, to the use of the Wilhelmy balance by Clements, and to the unassuming strain gauges for measuring pressure and rapid paper and electronic chart recorders, these enabling devices have generated numerous quantitative experimental studies with greatly increased physiologic understanding and validation of mechanistic theories of lung function in health and disease. © 2011 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol1:2009‐2027, 2011.
Regulation of NhaAby Protons
Authors: Padan Etana 
Published: September 2011

AbstractH+, a most common ion, is involved in very many biological processes. However, most proteins have distinct ranges of pH for function; when the H+concentration in the cells is too high or too low, protons turn into very potent stressors to all cells. Therefore, all living cells are strictly dependent on homeostasis mechanisms that regulate their intracellular pH. Na+/H+antiporters play primary role in pH homeostatic mechanisms both in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Regulation by pH is a property common to these antiporters. They are equipped with a pH sensor to perceive the pH signal and a pH transducer to transduce the signal into a change in activity. Determining the crystal structure of NhaA, the Na+/H+antiporter ofEscherichia colihave provided the basis for understanding in a realistic rational way the unique regulation of an antiporter by pH and the mechanism of the antiport activity. The physical separation between the pH sensor/transducer and the active site revealed by the structure entailed long‐range pH‐induced conformational changes for NhaA pH activation. As yet, it is not possible to decide whether the amino acid participating in the pH sensor and the pH transducer overlap or are separated. The pH sensor/transducer is not a single amino acid but rather a cluster of electrostatically interacting residues. Thus, integrating structural, computational, and experimental approaches are essential to reveal how the pH signal is perceived and transduced to activate the pH regulated protein. © 2011 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol1:1711‐1719, 2011.
Integrated Physiological Mechanisms of Exercise Performance, Adaptation, and Maladaptation to Heat Stress
Authors: Sawka Michael N. , Leon Lisa R. , Montain Scott J. , Sonna Larry A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis article emphasizes significant recent advances regarding heat stress and its impact on exercise performance, adaptations, fluid electrolyte imbalances, and pathophysiology. During exercise‐heat stress, the physiological burden of supporting high skin blood flow and high sweating rates can impose considerable cardiovascular strain and initiate a cascade of pathophysiological events leading to heat stroke. We examine the association between heat stress, particularly high skin temperature, on diminishing cardiovascular/aerobic reserves as well as increasing relative intensity and perceptual cues that degrade aerobic exercise performance. We discuss novel systemic (heat acclimation) and cellular (acquired thermal tolerance) adaptations that improve performance in hot and temperate environments and protect organs from heat stroke as well as other dissimilar stresses. We delineate how heat stroke evolves from gut underperfusion/ischemia causing endotoxin release or the release of mitochondrial DNA fragments in response to cell necrosis, to mediate a systemic inflammatory syndrome inducing coagulopathies, immune dysfunction, cytokine modulation, and multiorgan damage and failure. We discuss how an inflammatory response that induces simultaneous fever and/or prior exposure to a pathogen (e.g., viral infection) that deactivates molecular protective mechanisms interacts synergistically with the hyperthermia of exercise to perhaps explain heat stroke cases reported in low‐risk populations performing routine activities. Importantly, we question the “traditional” notion that high core temperature is the critical mediator of exercise performance degradation and heat stroke. Published 2011 This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.Compr Physiol1:1883‐1928, 2011.
From conventional fluid cytology to unusual histological diagnosis: Report of four cases
Authors: Oliveira Marcelo José Andrade , de Almeida Laís Pinto , Wengerkievicz Annelise Correa , Siqueira Sheila Aparecida Coelho , Antonangelo Leila 
Published: September 2011

AbstractMalignant small round cell tumors represent a diagnostic challenge for cytologists and pathologists. This case series describes four cases of unusual metastasis of small round cell tumors subtypes into body cavities generating effusions in which fluid cytological examination suggested the neuroendocrine origin of the tumors. Tumor diagnosis (Ewing sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor and desmoplastic small round cell tumors) were unknown at the cytological evaluation. We can highlight the importance of the accurate analyses of body fluids, both for early diagnosis of metastatic disease, and for the diagnosis of primary tumor when serous effusion is the first manifestation of the neoplasia. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013;41:348–353. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Morphological and immunocytochemical diagnosis of thyroiditis: Comparison between conventional and liquid‐based cytology
Authors: Rossi Esther Diana , Zannoni Gian Franco , Pio Lombardi Celestino , Vellone Valerio Gaetano , Moncelsi Stefania , Papi Giampaolo , Pontecorvi Alfredo , Fadda Guido 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe efficacy of thyroid (FNAB) processed by liquid‐based cytology (LBC) in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis (HT) in two reference periods, is evaluated. The morphologic features of 820 cases with both methods and the cyto‐histological comparison are analyzed. The diagnosis of hyperplastic nodules (HN) in HT, its mimickers especially in presence of oxyphilic cells and the role of immunocytochemistry (IHC) are studied.150 cases of HT processed by conventional smear (CS) in 1996–98 and 670 with LBC in 2005–2007,were included. The majority of FNAB were carried out under USguidance and fixed with ethyl alcohol for the CS. LBC material was rinsed in the Cytolit solution, processed according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Among the 150 CS, 83 were HT while 67 were HN in HT; in the second triennium 245 LBC were HT and 425 were HN in HT. In the first period a follow‐up (including a second FNA or surgery) was done in 92 cases, in the second period in 116.In the surgical group 97.1% in the first period were benign (all HT and 34/36 HN) and 2.8% malignant(all HN). In 2005–2007, 94% were benign (15 HT and 45/49 HN) and 6%malignant. Thirty HN from the second triennium had ICC for HBME‐1 and Galectin‐3 resulting negative in 93.5%. Among these cases, 10 had a benign histology and a concordant negative ICC.LBC can be used as a valid method for HT, especially for the possible application of ICC to HN, and it allows a correct preoperative selection of lesions Diagn. Cytopathol. 2011; © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Update on Liposarcoma: A review for cytopathologists
Authors: Dodd Leslie G. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractLiposarcoma (LS) represents the most common type of soft tissue sarcoma. LS is subdivided into four distinct subtypes: well‐differentiated, myxoid/round cell, pleomorphic, and mixed LS. In addition to distinctive morphology, each of the subgroups has a different prognosis and treatment strategy. While subgrouping has traditionally been based on conventional morphology, recent molecular and cytogenetic findings have validated the current classification system. Well‐differentiated LS is characterized by overexpression of MDM2, which blocks the tumor suppressor function of p53. Myxoid/round cell LS is characterized by a specific translocation resulting in a fusion protein which interferes with adipocyte differentiation. Pleomorphic LS, like other high grade sarcomas, is characterized by multiple chromosomal abnormalities. Each of these distinctive molecular signatures can be exploited to aid in the subtyping of LS and in distinguishing true sarcomas of lipogenic derivation from benign mimics. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Embryonic expression of zebrafish MiT family genes tfe3b, tfeb, and tfec
Authors: Lister James A. , Lane Brandon M. , Nguyen Anhthu , Lunney Katherine 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe MiT family comprises four genes in mammals: Mitf, Tfe3, Tfeb, and Tfec, which encode transcription factors of the basic‐helix‐loop‐helix/leucine zipper class. Mitf is well‐known for its essential role in the development of melanocytes, however the functions of the other members of this family, and of interactions between them, are less well understood. We have now characterized the complete set of MiT genes from zebrafish, which totals six instead of four. The zebrafish genome contain two mitf (mitfa and mitfb), two tfe3 (tfe3a and tfe3b), and single tfeb and tfec genes; this distribution is shared with other teleosts. We present here the sequence and embryonic expression patterns for the zebrafish tfe3b, tfeb, and tfec genes, and identify a new isoform of tfe3a. These findings will assist in elucidating the roles of the MiT gene family over the course of vertebrate evolution. Developmental Dynamics 240:2529–2538, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Embryonic development of the self‐fertilizing mangrove killifish Kryptolebias marmoratus
Authors: Mourabit Sulayman , Edenbrow Mathew , Croft Darren P. , Kudoh Tetsuhiro 
Published: September 2011

AbstractDeveloping embryos of the self‐fertilising mangrove killifish Kryptolebias marmoratus. PTU‐treated embryo (left) lacking melanin pigmentation and a normal embryo (right), 10 days post‐fertilisation. Due to its ability to self‐fertilise, this species proves to be a highly useful embryological model with unique genetics. From Mourabit et al., Developmental Dynamics 240:1694–1704, 2011.
Phylogeography of the Mekong mud snake (Enhydris subtaeniata): the biogeographic importance of dynamic river drainages and fluctuating sea levels for semiaquatic taxa in Indochina
Authors: Lukoschek Vimoksalehi , Osterhage Jennifer L. , Karns Daryl R. , Murphy John C. , Voris Harold K. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractDuring the Cenozoic, Southeast Asia was profoundly affected by plate tectonic events, dynamic river systems, fluctuating sea levels, shifting coastlines, and climatic variation, which have influenced the ecological and evolutionary trajectories of the Southeast Asian flora and fauna. We examined the role of these paleogeographic factors on shaping phylogeographic patterns focusing on a species of semiaquatic snake, Enhydris subtaeniata (Serpentes: Homalopsidae) using sequence data from three mitochondrial fragments (cytochrome b, ND4, and ATPase—2785 bp). We sampled E. subtaeniata from seven locations in three river drainage basins that encompassed most of this species’ range. Genetic diversities were typically low within locations but high across locations. Moreover, each location had a unique suite of haplotypes not shared among locations, and pairwise φST values (0.713–0.998) were highly significant between all location pairs. Relationships among phylogroups were well resolved and analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed strong geographical partitioning of genetic variance among the three river drainage basins surveyed. The genetic differences observed among the populations of E. subtaeniata were likely shaped by the Quaternary landscapes of Indochina and the Sunda Shelf. Historically, the middle and lower Mekong consisted of strongly dissected river valleys separated by low mountain ranges and much of the Sunda Shelf consisted of lowland river valleys that served to connect faunas associated with major regional rivers. It is thus likely that the contemporary genetic patterns observed among populations of E. subtaeniata are the result of their histories in a complex terrain that created abundant opportunities for genetic isolation and divergence yet also provided lowland connections across now drowned river valleys.
High TCR diversity ensures optimal function andhomeostasis of Foxp3+ regulatory Tcells
Authors: Föhse Lisa , Suffner Janine , Suhre Karsten , Wahl Benjamin , Lindner Cornelia , Lee Chun‐Wei , Schmitz Susanne , Haas Jan D. , Lamprecht Stella , Koenecke Christian , Bleich André , Hämmerling Günter J. , Malissen Bernard , Suerbaum Sebastian , Förster Reinhold , Prinz Immo 
Published: September 2011

AbstractDominant tolerance to self‐antigen requires the presence of sufficient numbers of CD4+Foxp3+ Treg cells with matching antigen specificity. However, the size and role of TCR repertoire diversity for antigen‐specific immuno‐regulation through Treg cells is not clear. Here, we developed and applied a novel high‐throughput (HT) TCR sequencing approach to analyze the TCR repertoire of Treg cells and revealed the importance of high diversity for Treg‐cell homeostasis and function. We found that highly polyclonal Treg cells from WT mice vigorously expanded after adoptive transfer into non‐lymphopenic TCR‐transgenic recipients with low Treg‐cell diversity. In that system, we identified specific Treg‐cell TCR preferences in distinct anatomic locations such as the mesenteric LN indicating that Treg cells continuously compete for MHC class‐II‐presented self‐, food‐, or flora‐antigen. Functionally, we showed that high TCR diversity was required for optimal suppressive function of Treg cells in experimental acute graft versus host disease (GvHD). In conclusion, we suggest that efficient immuno‐regulation by Treg cells requires high TCR diversity. Thereby, continuous competition of peripheral Treg cells for limited self‐antigen shapes an organ‐optimized, yet highly diverse, local TCR repertoire.
Synthesis of Potassium (2R)‐2‐O‐α‐D‐Mannopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐α‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐2,3‐dihydroxypropanoate: A Naturally Compatible Solute
Authors: Lourenço Eva C. , Ventura M. Rita 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAn expedient synthesis of the potassium salt of (2R)‐2‐O‐α‐D‐mannopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐α‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐2,3‐dihydroxypropanoic acid (MGG)―a recently isolated, rare, compatible solute―was accomplished. A bis‐acetal‐protected thioglucoside, 6‐OTBDPS, with a 2‐OH group was used as the acceptor in the first glycosylation reaction with tetraacetylmannosyl trichloroacetimidate, and as the donor in the glycosylation reaction with the glycerate derivative. The α anomer was the only product of both glycosylation reactions, as expected for the formation of the α‐mannoside. The formation of the 1,2‐cis glucoside was more challenging.
A numerical investigation of the influence of the aspect ratio in three‐dimensional separated flows
Authors: Malamataris Nikolaos Athanasios 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYThe influence of aspect ratio in three‐dimensional, numerical experiments of separated flows is studied in the case of the backward‐facing step at Reynolds numbers 600, 800, and 950. The computational domain is designed as an actual laboratory experiment. The governing equations are the steady state, isothermal, and incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. The expansion ratio of the computational domain is 1:2. The aspect ratio varies from 1:10 to 1:40. The results of the computations focus on the spanwise variations of the length and the strength of the two eddies along the lower and upper wall. It is concluded that both numerical and laboratory experiments should be designed with an aspect ratio of at least 1:20, if only the accuracy of the position of the detachment and the re‐attachment points matters. If the accuracy of the shear‐stress distributions is also taken into account, then an aspect ratio of at least 1:30 should be chosen. Finally, if the magnitudes of the vortex centers are also considered, then only the aspect ratio of 1:40 qualifies for a realization of two‐dimensional flow conditions in the plane of symmetry. This is contrary to the common practice in the field, at least from the side of laboratory experiments, where an aspect ratio of 1:10 is still considered adequate for this purpose. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.