bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Losses During Storage and Digestibility of Different Crops as Silage1
Authors: Sprague Milton A. , Leparulo Luigi 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisTotal dry matter losses were lowest from late‐harvested corn and highest from alfalfa, oats, and barley cut early. Protein losses were large from alfalfa, bromegrass, oats, barley, and sorghum and least from corn. The moisture contents of all silages were greater than the forages from which they were made. The digestibilities of all constituents in barley were superior to those in oats, bromegrass, and orchardgrass and in fiber to all other silages. Corn silage was superior in digestibility of ether extract and NFE. Alfalfa was superior in digestibility of protein but very low in digestibility of fiber.
Grain Sorghum Stands and Yields as Affected by Tillage Methods and Use of Press Wheels1
Authors: Stickler F. C. , Fairbanks G. E. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisIn zero‐tillage wheat stubble plantings, seed firmer press wheels significantly increased sorghum stands in one trial but not in another. Seed firmer and driver‐press wheels were evaluated alone and in combination in wheat stubble plantings (5 trials). Mean stand increases varying from 8 to 34% were obtained. Press wheels were valuable in increasing stands and yields of grain sorghum grown under zero tillage. Fall disking of sorghum stubble increased stands and grain yields.
Hay Production and Nutrient Uptake at High Altitudes in Colorado with Different Grasses in Conjunction with Alsike Clover or Nitrogen Fertilizer1
Authors: Grable A. R. , Willhite F. M. , McCuistion W. L. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisStudies at 3 different locations in Colorado at altitudes of 6200, 770, and 9700 feet showed a great potential for increasing forage and nutrient production when N was supplied by legumes or as fertilizers. Each of the 6 grasses used was highly productive at one or more locations. Greatest production was observed with late‐cut harvest at high altitude but early‐cut harvest was superior for production at low altitude.
Importance of Soil Nitrates in Determination of Need and Recovery of Fertilizer Nitrogen1
Authors: Peterson L. A. , Attoe O. J. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisPercentage recovery by the crop of N applied in the field at various levels was influenced by both the initial soil nitrate content and amount of added N. Practically all of the total available N (added N + initial NO3‐N + N mineralized by the soil) not removed by the crop was present in the soil as nitrate at harvest.
The Role of Soil Moisture in Evapotranspiration1
Authors: Eagleman J. R. , Decker W. L. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisThe regression between soil moisture deficit and the relative evapotranspiration was curvilinear with a correlation coefficient of .72. A negative linear regression described the relationship between the soil moisture potential and the relative evapotranspiration with a simple correlation coefficient of −.74. The relationship between unsaturated conductivity and the relative evapotranspiration rate was investigated by designing a laboratory experiment which showed that plants growing in this soil wilted as the unsaturated conductivity dropped from 8.89 cm./day/joule to 0.77 cm./day/joule.
Leaf Area in Relation to Yield of Corn Grain1
Authors: Eik Kalju , Hanway John J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractYields of corn grain tended to be linearly related to the leaf area indexes at silking time and to the leaf area index days over the grain formation period. The linear relationship did not continue beyond the leaf area index value of 3.3 or beyond the value of leaf area index days of 155. Considering the change in leaf area during the period of 45 days after silking did not improve the relationship in any one experiment, but did improve the relationship among different experiments. No consistently better relationship was found to exist between various portions of leaf area from the top of the plant and the final grain yields than between the total leaf areas and grain yields. During the period of most rapid dry matter accumulation the quantity of total dry matter accumulated per plant on any date was proportional to the accumulated leaf area days.
Effects of 2,4‐D‐Nutrient Dusts on the Growth and Yield of Beans and Sugar Beets
Authors: Wort D. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractClay dusts containing 2,4‐D or 2,4‐dibromophenoxyacetic acid with a complex of micronutrients, or 2,4‐D alone in some instances, were applied to the foliage of varieties of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and to sugar beet (Beta saccharifera) seedlings. Treatment of the bean plants when 14 days old with dusts containing 0.1% 2,4‐D with minerals, at 12 pounds per acre resulted in significant (P = .05) increases in growth (11.6% to 13.9%), in yield of pods (23% to 40%), and in production of seed (16% to 20%). KBr in the hormone‐nutrient dusts further increased the yield of seed. Dusts containing 0.5, 1.0, or 2.5% 2,4‐D, applied at 6 or 12 pounds per acre, repetition of application of all dusts, or application to bean plants older than 2 weeks were either nonadvantageous or depressed yield. The largest increase in root production by sugar beet plants, 44%, was obtained by the application of a composite dust containing 0.1% 2,4‐D to the foliage of 1‐month‐old seedlings. The incorporation of microelements with the 2,4‐D augmented the stimulatory action of the hormone and widened the concentration range of 2,4‐D which could be applied to the plants to increase yield.
Urea‐Formaldehyde as a Slowly Available Form of Nitrogen for Kentucky Bluegrass1
Authors: Kilian K. C. , Attoe O. J. , Engelbert L. E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA study was made of the effects of different ratios of N as urea‐formaldehyde to that as ammonium nitrate on the rate of growth, yield, and N recovery by Kentucky bluegrass. The largest total yield for the 3‐year experimental period from annual applications to the same plots was obtained for mixtures containing 53% or less of the N as urea‐formaldehyde. For N applications made only in the beginning, but with P and K added each year, total yields were significantly lower for mixtures containing 88 or 100% of their N in this form. These mixtures, however, gave the most uniform growth rate during each of the 3 years. The results indicate that as much as 50% of the N can be in the urea‐formaldehyde form without causing a reduction in yield. Recovery of added N was inversely related to the proportion of urea‐formaldehyde in the mixture, with values the first year ranging from 17% for urea‐formaldehyde to 50% for ammonium nitrate. Total N recovery for fertilizer applied annually to the same plot ranged from 23% for ureaformaldehyde to 51% for amonium nitrate, with the various mixtures giving intermediate values. The results suggest that urea‐formaldehyde can be topdressed on grass at rather heavy rates with the expectation that it will continue to release nitrogen over a period of several years.
Greenhouse Evaluation of the Agronomic Efficiency of Anhydrous Ammonia1
Authors: Parr J. F. , Papendick R. I. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThree greenhouse pot experiments were conducted with corn grown on Mountview loam and Hartsells fine sandy loam to (a) measure the relative agronomic effectiveness of direct applications of anhydrous NH3, as influenced by preplan incubation period and schedule of application, and (b) to determine the influence of soil moisture content at time of NH3 injection on crop response to anhydrous NH3.Response of corn to anhydrous NH3 tended to be less than to an ammonium N source with shorter incubation periods, but was generally as effective as a nitrate N source except when high N rates were applied at planting. In the latter case, yields were somewhat reduced.When anhydrous NH3 was injected into the soil‐root zone according to different application schedules, corn yields were considerably reduced at the higher N levels when compared to equivalent applications of urea and NH4NO3. Yield reduction in these cases was attributed in part to root damage due to NH3 toxicity, and possibly to temporary positional unavailability of the applied N. Soil‐cultured corn plants, however, appeared to be remarkably tolerant to high levels of anhydrous NH3 when applied directly into the root zone.A small but consistent decrease in yield was observed when high levels of anhydrous NH3 were applied to soils in an air‐dry rather than moist condition.
Differential Response of Cynodon Varieties to Type of Sprig Storage and Planting Depth
Authors: Chiles R. E. , Huffine Wayne W. , Lynd J. Q. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractEffects of preplant wet and dry storage of sprigs and depth of planting were determined with four forage‐type bermudagrass varieties: Coastal, Midland, Greenfield, and a common selection. Wet‐stored sprigs had higher average percent sprouting of both sprigs and buds for all four varieties. Dry storage reduced percent moisture content, vigor of sprouts, and the number of sprouting buds throughout a 16‐day period. Less mold growth and disease damage developed with wet storage conditions. Best results were obtained with the common bermudagrass selection which had a total nitrogen content of sprigs averaging 1.34% and 1.26% for wet and dry storage treatments, respectively. These values were over three times higher than the total nitrogen content of sprigs from the other three varieties. There was both a delay in emerging sprouts and a decrease in percentage of sprigs sprouting as planting depth increased from 1 to 4 inches for all four varieties.
Efficiency of Fall‐ Versus Spring‐Applied Nitrogen for Winter Wheat1
Authors: Welch L. F. , Johnson P. E. , Pendleton J. W. , Miller L. B. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWinter wheat, Triticum aestivum L. ‘Monon’, was grown for 3 years on Cisne silt loam soil at Newton, Illinois. Fertilizer variables were O, 20, 40, and 60 pounds of nitrogen per acre applied in the fall and in the spring in factorial combination. Multiple regression equations for the regression of yield on nitrogen were calculated from yearly yields for each of the 3 years and from yields for the 3‐year average. The equation for 1961–63 is: Y = 2123 + 14.287 Nf + 21.487 Ns − 0.028 Nf2 − 0.066 Ns2 − 0.142 NfNs Y is yield of wheat in pounds per acre, and Nf and Ns are pounds per acre of nitrogen added in the fall and in the spring.The largest yield increases from added nitrogen were 56, 23, and 117% in 1961, 1962, and 1963, respectively. A pound of nitrogen applied in the spring increased yields more than a pound of nitrogen applied in the fall. The relative efficiency of fall‐applied nitrogen, with respect to spring‐applied nitrogen, ranged from 0.55 to 0.97 for individual years and nitrogen rates. The relative efficiency of fall‐applied nitrogen increased as the rate of nitrogen increased in 1962 and in 1963. For the 3‐year yield average, the relative efficiency of fall applied nitrogen was 0.67 at all nitrogen rates. Weather data offered only a limited explanation for the variation in relative efficiency of fall‐applied nitrogen from year to year.
Yield Response of a Tall Fescue‐White Clover Sward to Fertilization With Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium
Authors: Templeton W. C. , Taylor T. H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe effects of different amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium on productivity of a sward of ‘Kentucky 31’ tall rescue, Festuca arundinacea Schreb., and Ladino white clover, Trifolium repens L., were observed over a 4‐year period. The plant association was established by seeding on a low‐phosphorus Tilsit soil. Yields were obtained by clipping 5 to 7 times annually.Spring‐applied nitrogen at rates up to 270 kg per hectare (240 pounds per acre) did not increase total annual herbage production but resulted in larger yields during spring and early summer with proportionately less growth in late summer and autumn. Split applications of 135 or 270 kg of nitrogen per hectare annually improved herbage production to the extent of approximately 6 kg dry herbage per kg of applied nitrogen.Phosphorus additions markedly increased herbage growth, an annual application of 9.8 kg per hectare resulting in approximateley 1125 kg more dry matter per hectare. The application of potassium did not affect production initially, but a small yield response was observed the last year. Interactions between elements were relatively unimportant.The findings indicate the importance of judicious use of fertilizer, especially on soils of low crop‐yield potential, if livestock products are to be produced efficiently from grasslands.
Time of Planting in a Comparison of Plow‐Plant and Conventional Seedbed Preparation for Corn1
Authors: Free G. R. , Winkelblech C. S. , Wilson H. M. , Bay C. E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe interaction of time of planting and plow‐plant and conventional methods of seedbed preparation for corn (Zea mays L.) was evaluated over a 6‐year period on Honeoye silt loam at Marcellus, N. Y. Planting dates ranged from early May to early June. While there was some tendency for relative grain yields to be slightly higher for plow‐plant than for conventional with early planting, and slightly lower with late planting, the interaction was not statistically significant. For late planting, however, there is more likelihood of below optimum soil moisture with plow‐plant under the conditions of this experiment than with the conventional method. This is associated with the longer period for moisture removal by the sod or cover crop preceding corn, and the likelihood of critically low moisture should be less where sod or cover crops are not involved. In only 1 year were yields (adjusted to 15% moisture) higher for late May or early June planting than for earlier planting.Temperature was the dominant factor determining early growth. The correlations between corn heights 34 days after planting, and mean air temperatures for the 34 days, were highly significant. Final grain yields and percentages of dry matter in ears at harvest were significantly correlated with plant heights in mid‐July.
Effect of Sorghum Residue Management on Yields of Nitrogen and Dry Matter in Subsequent Crops1
Authors: Thomas James R. , Heilman Marvin D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCabbage and sudangrass were used as test crops to determine the effects of management of sorghum residue on N availability and crop yields. Methods of residue management compared were (1) sorghum (green whole plants) turned into soil with disk plow, and (2) sorghum shredded, left on soil surface for several weeks, and then disked into the soil. Uptake of N by subsequent crops was decreased by the latter treatment. Nitrogen recovery by cabbage was 123.2% on the plow‐under treatment and only 56.8% on the shredding treatment. The decrease in the available N content of the soil when residues were shredded caused a reduction of 10.1% in the yield of cabbage and 11.1% reduction in the yield of sweet sudangrass.
Re‐Examination of the Molybdenum Content of Hawaiian Soils1
Authors: Sherman G. Donald , Kapteyn Robert Jan 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe results of determining molybdenum by alkaline digestion, procedure in Hawaiian soils gave very substantially lower concentrations than those reported earlier when an acid digestion procedure was employed. The results ranged from approximately 3 to 50% of the earlier reported concentrations.
Effect of Time and Rate of Application of Nitrogen and Date of Harvest on the Yield and Sucrose Content of Sugar Beets1
Authors: Baldwin C. S. , Davis J. F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn a 3‐year experiment on Brookston clay loam, the effect of time and rate of application of nitrogen on the yield and sucrose content of sugar beets was studied. Maximum yield of sugar was obtained when nitrogen was applied as a preplant at 90 or 120 pounds per acre or as a sidedressing in mid‐June at 60 or 90 pounds per acre.A harvest delay of 28 days resulted in an increase of 1017 pounds of sugar per acre, representing an average increase of 36 pounds per acre per day. The initial 14 days of harvest delay resulted in an increase of 638 pounds of sugar, or a daily increase of 46 pounds per acre, as compared to an increase of 379 pounds of sugar or a daily increase of 27 pounds per acre for the last 14 days delayed harvest.The date of harvest was the most important factor affecting the sucrose content of beets. The order of importance of the variables on differences in sucrose content was:
Date of harvest >> Time of nitrogen application > Rate of nitrogen application > Interactions.The rate of nitrogen application and date of harvest were about equal in effect and accounted for the majority of the variation in root yield. The order of importance of the variables on differences in root yield was:
Rate of nitrogen application ≃ Date of harvest >> Time of nitrogen application > Interactions.The date of harvest was the most important factor contributing to differences in sugar yield. The order of importance of the variables on the variation in sugar yield was:
Date of harvest >> Rate of nitrogen application > Time of nitrogen application > Interactions.
Evapotranspiration by Bermudagrass Sod, Cynodon dactylon L. Pers., in Hawaii1
Authors: Ekern Paul C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractEvapotranspiration by bermudagrass sod planted in Wahiawa Low Humic Latosol was measured in percolate and hydraulic lysimeters on Oahu. Under high potential evaporation rates, the consumptive use of water by sod was essentially the same as class A pan evaporation when soil moisture stress was small. As the soil moisture stress increased, the grass sod maintained high rates of water use until the soil moisture stress exceeded 1 bar, but was unable to maintain these rates as the soil moisture stress increased toward the 15‐bar point. This action was in decided contrast to the self‐mulching action of bare Low Humic Latosol for which low evaporation rates developed for moisture stress of 0.15 bar (field capacity). Dew distillation rather than dew fall was a consistent pattern for water transfer at night.
Occurrence and Stand Density of Tridens flavus (L.) Hitchc. as Related to Some Soil Factors1
Authors: Foote L. E. , Jackobs J. A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSurface soil samples were collected from within 47 stands of Tridens flavus (L.) Hitchc. “purpletop.” Plant stands were rated as thin, medium, or thick according to the approximate distance between bunches and stand sites were classified as wet, mesic, or dry. The soils were tested for pH, extractable phosphorus (P2 test), readily extractable phosphorus (P1 test), potassium, and texture. There was some indication that occurrence of the species might be associated with phosphorus availability and pH. Occurrence of the species was not associated with any particular soil texture contrary to previous reports. Thick stands of Tridens flavus tend to occur on sites where some soil condition is not particularly favorable for the growth of other plants. These conditions may be of excessively dry or wet soils caused by either topography or a high sand content; or high pH and the resulting relative low availability of phosphorus and other elements.
Competition Between Barnyardgrass and Alfalfa1
Authors: Vengris Jonas 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCompetition between barnyardgrass and alfalfa grown together was studied in 1963 and 1965. Barnyardgrass was seeded semi‐monthly in first year alfalfa stands growing in rows 12 inches and 6 inches apart.Barnyardgrass emerging up to 16 days later than alfalfa significantly decreased alfalfa yields of the first cutting. After mowing, alfalfa as well as barnyardgrass regrew and competition continued. Weed seedlings that emerged prior to 2 weeks before the first mowing of alfalfa decreased yields of the second cutting. The nature of competition in alfalfa seeded 12 inches or 6 inches apart followed the same pattern. The competition was found to be reciprocal—both species competed with each other. Alfalfa seedlings, suppressed but not killed due to the competition by weeds, regained normal growth the following year. It is important to control barnyardgrass seedlings in the year of alfalfa establishment up to the time of the first mowing.
Relative Efficiency of Broadcast Versus Banded Potassium for Corn1
Authors: Welch L. F. , Johnson P. E. , McKibben G. E. , Boone L. V. , Pendleton J. W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThree experiments were conducted in Illinois to determine the relative efficiency of broadcast versus banded potassium for corn. The pounds of banded K required to obtain a specified corn yield were divided by the pounds of broadcast K required to obtain the same yield. This ratio (banded K/broadcast K) represents the relative efficiency of broadcast K in terms of banded K, with respect to corn yield. Four or 5 rates of broadcast K and 4 rates of banded K, in factorial arrangement, constituted the fertilizer treatments.Multiple regression equations of the quadratic form were calculated to express yield as a function of broadcast and of banded K. The regression equations account for 77, 81, and 62% of the variation in yield for the Cisne, Bluford, and Belknap soils, respectively. The largest yield increases from added K were 83, 33, and 13% for the three soils.Less K was required to obtain a given yield when the K was banded than when broadcast. The relative efficiency of broadcast K, as compared to banded K, ranged from 0.33 to 0.88. In some cases, no rate of broadcast K equaled the yield produced by a given rate of banded K.
Some Effects of Soil Moisture Regimes and Bulk Density on Forage Quality in the Greenhouse1
Authors: Gifford R. O. , Jensen E. H. 
Published: July 2010

abstractAgropyron elongatum, Medicago sativa, Phleum pratense, and Trifolium hybridum were grown in the greenhouse in a soil compacted to bulk densities of 1.34, 1.44, and 1.53 g/cc. Soil water levels of 20 and 40%, 40 and 60%, and 60 and 80% of saturation by volume were employed. Dry matter yields were significantly lower and water use (g water/g dry shoots) was significantly higher for plants grown in compacted soil under the driest moisture regime than when grown under more favorable conditions. Percent crude protein and crude fiber were significantly affected by species, moisture regime, and bulk density. Plants with the lowest crude fiber and highest crude protein content were grown in the most compacted soil under the driest regime. Significant quality differences were found among treatments similar to typical greenhouse conditions. Therefore, greenhouse and other experiments concerned with forage quality may be confounded by soil water conditions.
Endosperm Utilization in Relation to Cold Tolerance of Orchardgrass Seedlings1
Authors: Murray Glen A. , Cooper Clee S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSeeds of orchardgrass were used to study the relationship of initial growth temperature to endosperm utilization, seedling growth, and injury to seedlings subjected to cold temperatures. Rate of endosperm utilization was greater at 15 and 20 C than at 10 C. Endosperm exhaustion occurred between 14 to 16 days at 15 and 20 C and between 24 to 26 days at 10 C. Dry weight loss of the seed and seedling length were both accurate indices of the occurrence of endosperm exhaustion.Cold injury to seedlings was progressively greater from pre‐ to post‐endosperm exhaustion stages of seedling development. Seedlings grown at a higher temperature (faster rate of endosperm depletion) exhibited more leaf injury than seedlings grown at a cooler temperature (slower rate of endosperm utilization).