bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review of malaria vaccine clinical projects based on the WHO rainbow table
Authors: Schwartz Lauren , Brown Graham V , Genton Blaise , Moorthy Vasee S 
Published: January 2012

AbstractDevelopment and Phase 3 testing of the most advanced malaria vaccine, RTS,S/AS01, indicates that malaria vaccine R&D is moving into a new phase. Field trials of several research malaria vaccines have also confirmed that it is possible to impact the host-parasite relationship through vaccine-induced immune responses to multiple antigenic targets using different platforms. Other approaches have been appropriately tested but turned out to be disappointing after clinical evaluation.As the malaria community considers the potential role of a first-generation malaria vaccine in malaria control efforts, it is an apposite time to carefully document terminated and ongoing malaria vaccine research projects so that lessons learned can be applied to increase the chances of success for second-generation malaria vaccines over the next 10 years.The most comprehensive resource of malaria vaccine projects is a spreadsheet compiled by WHO thanks to the input from funding agencies, sponsors and investigators worldwide. This spreadsheet, available from WHO's website, is known as "the rainbow table". By summarizing the published and some unpublished information available for each project on the rainbow table, the most comprehensive review of malaria vaccine projects to be published in the last several years is provided below.
Understanding the population genetics of Plasmodium vivax is essential for malaria control and elimination
Authors: Arnott Alicia , Barry Alyssa E , Reeder John C 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Traditionally, infection with Plasmodium vivax was thought to be benign and self-limiting, however, recent evidence has demonstrated that infection with P. vivax can also result in severe illness and death. Research into P. vivax has been relatively neglected and much remains unknown regarding the biology, pathogenesis and epidemiology of this parasite. One of the fundamental factors governing transmission and immunity is parasite diversity. An understanding of parasite population genetic structure is necessary to understand the epidemiology, diversity, distribution and dynamics of natural P. vivax populations. In addition, studying the population structure of genes under immune selection also enables investigation of the dynamic interplay between transmission and immunity, which is crucial for vaccine development. A lack of knowledge regarding the transmission and spread of P. vivax has been particularly highlighted in areas where malaria control and elimination programmes have made progress in reducing the burden of Plasmodium falciparum, yet P. vivax remains as a substantial obstacle. With malaria elimination back on the global agenda, mapping of global and local P. vivax population structure is essential prior to establishing goals for elimination and the roll-out of interventions. A detailed knowledge of the spatial distribution, transmission and clinical burden of P. vivax is required to act as a benchmark against which control targets can be set and measured. This paper presents an overview of what is known and what is yet to be fully understood regarding P. vivax population genetics, as well as the importance and application of P. vivax population genetics studies.
Evaluation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia by oligonucleotide-based microarray analysis uncovers novel aberrations not detected by FISH or cytogenetic analysis
Authors: Kolquist Kathryn A , Schultz Roger A , Slovak Marilyn L , McDaniel Lisa D , Brown Theresa C , Tubbs Raymond R , Cook James R , Theil Karl S , Cawich Victoria , Valentin Caitlin , Minier Sara , Neill Nicholas J , Byerly Steve , Morton S Annie , Sahoo Trilochan , Ballif Blake C , Shaffer Lisa G 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackgroundCytogenetic evaluation is a key component of the diagnosis and prognosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We performed oligonucleotide-based comparative genomic hybridization microarray analysis on 34 samples with CLL and known abnormal karyotypes previously determined by cytogenetics and/or fluorescencein situhybridization (FISH).ResultsUsing a custom designed microarray that targets >1800 genes involved in hematologic disease and other malignancies, we identified additional cryptic aberrations and novel findings in 59% of cases. These included gains and losses of genes associated with cell cycle regulation, apoptosis and susceptibility loci on 3p21.31, 5q35.2q35.3, 10q23.31q23.33, 11q22.3, and 22q11.23.ConclusionsOur results show that microarray analysis will detect known aberrations, including microscopic and cryptic alterations. In addition, novel genomic changes will be uncovered that may become important prognostic predictors or treatment targets for CLL in the future.
Isolation of nuclear proteins from flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) seed coats for gene expression regulation studies
Authors: Renouard Sullivan , Cyrielle Corbin , Lopez Tatiana , Lamblin Frédéric , Lainé Eric , Hano Christophe 
Published: January 2012

Abstract

Background
While seed biology is well characterized and numerous studies have focused on this subject over the past years, the regulation of seed coat development and metabolism is for the most part still non-elucidated. It is well known that the seed coat has an essential role in seed development and its features are associated with important agronomical traits. It also constitutes a rich source of valuable compounds such as pharmaceuticals. Most of the cell genetic material is contained in the nucleus; therefore nuclear proteins constitute a major actor for gene expression regulation. Isolation of nuclear proteins responsible for specific seed coat expression is an important prerequisite for understanding seed coat metabolism and development. The extraction of nuclear proteins may be problematic due to the presence of specific components that can interfere with the extraction process. The seed coat is a rich source of mucilage and phenolics, which are good examples of these hindering compounds.

Findings
In the present study, we propose an optimized nuclear protein extraction protocol able to provide nuclear proteins from flax seed coat without contaminants and sufficient yield and quality for their use in transcriptional gene expression regulation by gel shift experiments.

Conclusions
Routinely, around 250 μg of nuclear proteins per gram of fresh weight were extracted from immature flax seed coats. The isolation protocol described hereafter may serve as an effective tool for gene expression regulation and seed coat-focused proteomics studies.
Bone Scan Index: A Quantitative Treatment Response Biomarker for Castration-Resistant Metastatic Prostate Cancer
Authors: Dennis Elizabeth R. , Jia Xiaoyu , Mezheritskiy Irina S. , Stephenson Ryan D. , Schoder Heiko , Fox Josef J. , Heller Glenn , Scher Howard I. , Larson Steven M. , Morris Michael J. 
Published: January 2012

Purpose There is currently no imaging biomarker for metastatic prostate cancer. The bone scan index (BSI) is a promising candidate, being a reproducible, quantitative expression of tumor burden seen on bone scintigraphy. Prior studies have shown the prognostic value of a baseline BSI. This study tested whether treatment-related changes in BSI are prognostic for survival and compared BSI to prostate-specific antigen (PSA) as an outcome measure. Patients and Methods We retrospectively examined serial bone scans from patients with castration-resistant metastatic prostate cancer (CRMPC) enrolled in four clinical trials. We calculated BSI at baseline and at 3 and 6 months on treatment and performed univariate and bivariate analyses of PSA, BSI, and survival. Results Eighty-eight patients were scanned, 81 of whom have died. In the univariate analysis, the log percent change in BSI from baseline to 3 and 6 months on treatment prognosticated for survival (hazard ratio [HR], 2.44; P = .0089 and HR, 2.54; P < .001, respectively). A doubling in BSI resulted in a 1.9-fold increase in risk of death. Log percent change in PSA at 6 months on treatment was also associated with survival (HR, 1.298; P = .013). In the bivariate analysis, change in BSI while adjusting for PSA was prognostic at 3 and 6 months on treatment (HR, 2.368; P = .012 and HR, 2.226; P = .002, respectively), but while adjusting for BSI, PSA was not prognostic. Conclusion These data furnish early evidence that on-treatment changes in BSI are a response indicator and support further exploration of bone scintigraphy as an imaging biomarker in CRMPC.
Increase in the specific radioactivity of tritium-labeled compounds obtained by tritium thermal activation method
Authors: Badun G. A. , Chernysheva M. G. , Ksenofontov A. L. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
A method of tritium introduction into different types of organic molecules that is based on the interaction of atomic tritium with solid organic target is described. Tritium atoms are formed on the hot W-wire, which is heated by the electric current. Such an approach is called “tritium thermal activation method”. Here we summarize the results of labeling globular proteins (lysozyme, human and bovine serum albumins); derivatives of pantothenic acid and amino acids; ionic surfactants (sodium dodecylsulfate and alkyltrimethylammonium bromides) and nonionic high-molecular weight surfactants – pluronics. For the first time it is observed that if the target-compound is fixed and its radicals are stable the specific radioactivity of the labeled product can be drastically increased (up to 400 times) when the target temperature is ca. 295 K compared with the results obtained at 77 K. The influence of labeling parameters as tritium gas pressure, exposure time and W-wire temperature was tested for each target temperature that results in the optimum labeling conditions with high specific radioactivity and chemical yield of the resulting compound.
Strain Variation in the Transcriptome of the Dengue Fever Vector,Aedes aegypti
Authors: Bonizzoni Mariangela , Dunn W Augustine , Campbell Corey L , Olson Ken E , Marinotti Osvaldo , James Anthony A 
Published: January 2012

AbstractStudies of transcriptome dynamics provide a basis for understanding functional elements of the genome and the complexity of gene regulation. The dengue vector mosquito, Aedes aegypti, exhibits great adaptability to diverse ecological conditions, is phenotypically polymorphic, and shows variation in vectorial capacity to arboviruses. Previous genome sequencing showed richness in repetitive DNA and transposable elements that can contribute to genome plasticity. Population genetic studies revealed a varying degree of worldwide genetic polymorphism. However, the extent of functional genetic polymorphism across strains is unknown. The transcriptomes of three Ae. aegypti strains, Chetumal (CTM), Rexville D-Puerto Rico (Rex-D) and Liverpool (LVP), were compared. CTM is more susceptible than Rex- D to infection by dengue virus serotype 2. A total of 4188 transcripts exhibit either no or small variation (&lt;2-fold) among sugar-fed samples of the three strains and between sugar- and blood-fed samples within each strain, corresponding most likely to genes encoding products necessary for vital functions. Transcripts enriched in blood-fed mosquitoes encode proteins associated with catalytic activities, molecular transport, metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates and amino acids, and functions related to blood digestion and the progression of the gonotropic cycle. Significant qualitative and quantitative differences were found in individual transcripts among strains including differential representation of paralogous gene products. The majority of immunity-associated transcripts decreased in accumulation after a bloodmeal and the results are discussed in relation to the different susceptibility of CTM and Rex-D mosquitoes to DENV2 infection.
A High-Density Simple Sequence Repeat and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Genetic Map of the Tetraploid Cotton Genome
Authors: Yu John Z , Kohel Russell J , Fang David D , Cho Jaemin , Van Deynze Allen , Ulloa Mauricio , Hoffman Steven M , Pepper Alan E , Stelly David M , Jenkins Johnie N , Saha Sukumar , Kumpatla Siva P , Shah Manali R , Hugie William V , Percy Richard G 
Published: January 2012

AbstractGenetic linkage maps play fundamental roles in understanding genome structure, explaining genome formation events during evolution, and discovering the genetic bases of important traits. A high-density cotton (Gossypium spp.) genetic map was developed using representative sets of simple sequence repeat (SSR) and the first public set of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers to genotype 186 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from an interspecific cross between Gossypium hirsutum L. (TM-1) and G. barbadense L. (3-79). The genetic map comprised 2072 loci (1825 SSRs and 247 SNPs) and covered 3380 centiMorgan (cM) of the cotton genome (AD) with an average marker interval of 1.63 cM. The allotetraploid cotton genome produced equivalent recombination frequencies in its two subgenomes (At and Dt). Of the 2072 loci, 1138 (54.9%) were mapped to 13 At-subgenome chromosomes, covering 1726.8 cM (51.1%), and 934 (45.1%) mapped to 13 Dt-subgenome chromosomes, covering 1653.1 cM (48.9%). The genetically smallest homeologous chromosome pair was Chr. 04 (A04) and 22 (D04), and the largest was Chr. 05 (A05) and 19 (D05). Duplicate loci between and within homeologous chromosomes were identified that facilitate investigations of chromosome translocations. The map augments evidence of reciprocal rearrangement between ancestral forms of Chr. 02 and 03 versus segmental homeologs 14 and 17 as centromeric regions show homeologous between Chr. 02 (A02) and 17 (D02), as well as between Chr. 03 (A03) and 14 (D03). This research represents an important foundation for studies on polyploid cottons, including germplasm characterization, gene discovery, and genome sequence assembly.
Genetic Analysis inDrosophilaReveals a Role for the Mitochondrial Protein P32 in Synaptic Transmission
Authors: Lutas Andrew , Wahlmark Christopher J , Acharjee Shaona , Kawasaki Fumiko 
Published: January 2012

AbstractMitochondria located within neuronal presynaptic terminals have been shown to play important roles in the release of chemical neurotransmitters. In the present study, a genetic screen for synaptic transmission mutants of Drosophila has identified the first mutation in a Drosophila homolog of the mitochondrial protein P32. Although P32 is highly conserved and has been studied extensively, its physiological role in mitochondria remains unknown and it has not previously been implicated in neural function. The Drosophila P32 mutant, referred to as dp32EC1, exhibited a temperature-sensitive (TS) paralytic behavioral phenotype. Moreover, electrophysiological analysis at adult neuromuscular synapses revealed a TS reduction in the amplitude of excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSC) and indicated that dP32 functions in neurotransmitter release. These studies are the first to address P32 function in Drosophila and expand our knowledge of mitochondrial proteins contributing to synaptic transmission.
The Diet Factor in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Millichap J. Gordon , Yee Michelle M. 
Published: January 2012

This article is intended to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of dietary methods for treatment of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) when pharmacotherapy has proven unsatisfactory or unacceptable. Results of recent research and controlled studies, based on a PubMed search, are emphasized and compared with earlier reports. The recent increase of interest in this form of therapy for ADHD, and especially in the use of omega supplements, significance of iron deficiency, and the avoidance of the “Western pattern” diet, make the discussion timely.Diets to reduce symptoms associated with ADHD include sugar-restricted, additive/preservative-free, oligoantigenic/elimination, and fatty acid supplements. Omega−3 supplement is the latest dietary treatment with positive reports of efficacy, and interest in the additive-free diet of the 1970s is occasionally revived. A provocative report draws attention to the ADHD-associated “Western-style” diet, high in fat and refined sugars, and the ADHD-free “healthy” diet, containing fiber, folate, and omega-3 fatty acids.The literature on diets and ADHD, listed by PubMed, is reviewed with emphasis on recent controlled studies. Recommendations for the use of diets are based on current opinion of published reports and our practice experience. Indications for dietary therapy include medication failure, parental or patient preference, iron deficiency, and, when appropriate, change from an ADHD-linked Western diet to an ADHD-free healthy diet. Foods associated with ADHD to be avoided and those not linked with ADHD and preferred are listed.In practice, additive-free and oligoantigenic/elimination diets are time-consuming and disruptive to the household; they are indicated only in selected patients. Iron and zinc are supplemented in patients with known deficiencies; they may also enhance the effectiveness of stimulant therapy. In patients failing to respond or with parents opposed to medication, omega-3 supplements may warrant a trial. A greater attention to the education of parents and children in a healthy dietary pattern, omitting items shown to predispose to ADHD, is perhaps the most promising and practical complementary or alternative treatment of ADHD.
Effect of Pd/Mn Substitution on Characteristics of Amorphous Zr-Ni-Ti-V Alloy Hydride Electrodes
Authors: Miyamura Hiroshi , Fujita Yoshihisa , Jeyadevan Balachandran 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTHydrogenation properties of some amorphous Zr-Ni-Ti-V based alloys were investigated. Pressure-composition(P-C) isotherms and hydrogen storage capacities at room temperatures were measured and effects of elemental substitution of the components with Pd or Mn were studied. The alloy electrodes were prepared by using amorphous (Zr-Ni-Ti-V)-(Pd,Mn) alloys prepared by the melt spinning method. The amorphous alloys in the electrode kept their amorphous structures during cycles of charge and discharge. The electrochemical hydrogen storage capacities were strongly affected by the substitution amounts of Pd or Mn. Even a small amount of substitution, changed the equilibrium dissociation pressures of the alloy. In the present study, the rechargeable capacity was optimized up to H/M=0.5 for the alloy electrode with the composition of (Zr45Ni30Ti25)-3at%Pd. The slope in the P-C isotherm suggested that the maximum H/M of the alloy would exceed 1.0 at higher hydrogen pressure than 1.0 MPa, however, the wide distribution of hydrogen site energy in the amorphous hydride resulted in extremely large slope in P-C isotherms, and consequently restricted the rechargeable capacities of the electrodes.
Solid Electrolyte Interfaces and Interphases in Lithium Batteries: In Situ Studies Using Nonlinear Optical Probes
Authors: Mukherjee Prabuddha , Lagutchev Alexei , Dlott Dana D 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTSolid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) regions play a critical role in stabilizing lithium batteries, but little is known about the detailed mechanism of growth and formation. We have developed a novel method for in situ study of the interfacial regions of SEI layers, using an interface-selective nonlinear vibrational spectroscopy method termed femtosecond broadband multiplex vibrational sum-frequency generation spectroscopy (SFG) and a lithium battery electrochemical cell with optical access. SFG has high sensitivity and high selectivity needed to study vibrational transitions of molecular species during the SEI growth. SFG is most sensitive to interfacial regions, so with SFG we ignore the bulk electrolyte and focus on interface regions just a few molecules thick. During SEI growth there are two such interfaces, the electrode-SEI interface and the electrolyte SEI interface. We will present results obtained using a lithium battery and model materials relevant to Li batteries, where during successive cycles of charge and discharge we selectively probe the structural evolution of these two interfaces on Au, Cu and carbon.
Longidoridae and nepoviruses in Bulgaria and Slovenia
Authors: Peneva V. , Urek G. , Lazarova S. , Širca S. , Knapič M. , Elshishka M. , Brown D. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Data on the distribution of Longidoridae and nepoviruses in Bulgaria and Slovenia are summarized. Six species of Longidorus (L. apulus, L. attenuatus, L. arthensis, L. fasciatus, L. elongatus, L. macrosoma), one Paralongidorus species (P. maximus) and three Xiphinema species (X. diversicaudatum, X. index, X. rivesi) are known as natural vectors of nine nepoviruses in Europe. Currently, 10 and 13 species of Xiphinema; 6 and 15 of Longidorus are reported to occur in Slovenia and Bulgaria, respectively. Paralongidorus maximus has been reported only in Bulgaria. Among the virus vector species X. index, X. diversicaudatum and L. elongatus occur in both countries, X. rivesi only in Slovenia and L. attenuatus, L. macrosoma, X. italiae and P. maximus only in Bulgaria. A report of X. index and Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) in Bulgaria was related to transgenic grape tolerance to the same virus. Nepoviruses have been reported from Slovenia, but despite an evident relationship in the occurrence of GFLV and X. index in several vineyards the only laboratory proven transmission is that of TRSV and ToRSV to bait plants by a Slovenian population of X. rivesi.
Residual stress states as a result of bending and straightening processes of steels in different heat treatment conditions
Authors: Ellermann Arne , Scholtes Berthold 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Steels with different content of cementite (Armco iron, Ck45 and C80) as well as four different heat treatment conditions of 42CrMoS4 are examined under both uniaxial and four-point bending loading with load reversal regarding the residual stress distribution due to straightening processes. It was found that increasing cementite content and a fine lamellar microstructure increase the developing residual stresses. While uniaxial loading causes only micro stresses, bending loading causes additional macro residual stresses. Due to this, at reversed load residual stresses decrease faster under bending loading than under uniaxial loading. Furthermore, residual stresses originating from bending loading decrease in the outer planes faster than in the inner ones when load is reversed. In general it turned out that every straightening process causes inevitable and characteristic residual stresses.