bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Playing an Augmented Reality Escape Game Promotes Learning About Fake News
Authors: Buchner Josef 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe spread of fake news poses a global challenge to society, as this deliberately false information reduce trust in democracy, manipulate opinions, and negatively affect people’s health. Educational research and practice must address this issue by developing and evaluating solutions to counter fake news. A promising approach in this regard is the use of game-based learning environments. In this study, we focus on Escape Fake, an augmented reality (AR) escape game developed for use in media literacy education. To date, there is limited research on the effectiveness of the game for learning about fake news. To overcome this gap, we conducted a field study using a pretest-posttest research design. A total of 28 students (14 girls, mean age = 14.71 years) participated. The results show that Escape Fake can address four learning objectives relevant in fake news detection with educationally desired effect sizes: Knowledge acquisition (d = 1.34), ability to discern information (d = 0.39), critical attitude toward trustworthiness of online information (d = 0.53), and confidence in recognizing fake news in the future (d = 0.41). Based on these results, the game can be recommended as an educational resource for media literacy education. Future research directions are also discussed.
Comparing Family Health Before and After a Family-Focused Nutrition Program during the Pandemic
Authors: Mahoney Margaret Rose , Sommer Evan C , Popescu Filoteia , Adams Laura E , Barkin Shari 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic affected child health behaviors, leading to worse physical health. Given the importance of good family health in improved child health outcomes, this secondary cohort analysis tested the hypothesis that family health would improve from baseline to 12-week follow-up after participation in a novel family nutrition program.MethodsDiverse parent-child dyads participated in a home-based virtual Teaching Kitchen Outreach (vTKO) program (11 weekly healthy, low-cost recipes, cooking videos, and associated groceries delivered). The primary outcome was the Family Healthy Lifestyle Subscale (FHLS). Secondary outcomes were parent and child nutrition, and food insecurity. Statistical testing and modeling were used to evaluate pre-post outcomes.ResultsOf 123 enrolled dyads, 114 (93%) had sufficient data for analysis. Participants were 11% Hispanic, 54% Black, and 28% White; 31% completed high school or less; and 30% indicated food insecurity. Cohort mean pre-post FHLS scores significantly increased (25.5 vs. 27.3;p < 0.001). There were significant improvements in parent nutrition (p < 0.001) and child nutrition (p = 0.02 to < 0.001), but not in food security. After adjusting for baseline covariates, tobit regression found statistically significant pre-post FHLS differences (2.3; 95% CI=[1.4, 3.3];p < 0.001).DiscussionParticipants in the novel home-based vTKO program reported improved family health over 12 weeks.
A predictive model of pregnancy loss using pre-pregnancy endocrine and immunological parameters in women with abnormal glucose/lipid metabolism and previous pregnancy loss
Authors: Mu Fangxiang , Wang Mei , Zeng Xianghui , Liu Lin , Wang Fang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Objective
To investigate the clinical and endocrine risk factors for pregnancy loss in women with abnormal glucose/lipid metabolism and a history of pregnancy loss, and to develop a predictive model to assess the risk of pregnancy loss in these women’s subsequent pregnancies.

Methods
Patients with a history of pregnancy loss who had abnormal glucose/lipid metabolism were retrospectively included in this study, and their pre-pregnancy baseline and clinical characteristics were collected. A predictive nomogram was constructed based on the results of the multivariable logistic regression model analysis, and its calibration and discriminatory capabilities were evaluated. The internal validation was then performed and the net benefits were assessed by the clinical decision curve.

Results
The predictive model was eventually incorporated eight variables, including maternal age, previous pregnancy losses, anticardiolipin antibody (aCL) IgG, aCL IgM, thyroid peroxidase antibody, complement 4, free thyroxine and total cholesterol. The area under the curve (AUC) of the nomogram was 0.709, and Chi-square value and P value of the Hosmer–Lemeshow test were 12.786 and 0.119, respectively, indicating that the nomogram had a satisfactory calibration and discriminatory performance. The validation cohort showed a similar result for the discrimination of the nomogram (AUC = 0.715). The clinical decision curve demonstrated the nomogram had good positive net benefits.

Conclusions
This is the first study to predict the risks of subsequent pregnancy loss in women with abnormal glucose/lipid metabolism and history of pregnancy loss using pre-pregnancy clinical and endocrine parameters. This predictive nomogram may provide clinicians assistance to personalize the management of subsequent pregnancies in these patients.
Local ontology: reconciling processualism and new mechanism
Authors: Brunet Tyler D. P. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWhat should we do when two conflicting ontologies are both fruitful, though their fruitfulness varies by context or location? To achieve reconciliation, it is not enough to advocate pluralism. There are many varieties of pluralism and not all pluralisms will serve equally well; some may be inconsistent, others unhelpful. This essay considers another option: local ontology. For a pair of ontologies, a local ontology consists of two claims: (1) each location enjoys a unique ontology, and (2) neither ontology is most fundamental nor most global. To argue for this view and provide an example, I develop a local ontology for two scientific ontologies: processualism and new mechanism. To further support this ontology, I argue against two varieties of pluralism: first, a pluralism based on directly unifying the assumptions of both ontologies and, second, one of allowing both ontologies to coexist within a discipline. I argue that the first option is inconsistent and the second is unhelpful. I conclude that this local ontology provides us with a consistent and fruitful account that includes elements from both mechanism and processualism.
Herbicides in modern sustainable agriculture: environmental fate, ecological implications, and human health concerns
Authors: Parven A. , Meftaul I. Md , Venkateswarlu K. , Megharaj M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHerbicides play a crucial role in modern agriculture by controlling weeds and ensuring sustainable crop productivity. However, the use of herbicides has raised concerns regarding their contamination, posing serious threat to the environment, biodiversity, and food safety. Recent trends indicate a decline in the overall volume of herbicides usage, suggesting a shift towards more specific and targeted formulations of herbicides. Also, there has been an increased use of systemic and pre-emergence herbicides. The global agriculture still faces several challenges because of the adverse environmental impacts caused by herbicide contamination, both at the application site and offsite. In view of the growing concern, it is necessary to develop new herbicides with greater selectivity or bio-based herbicide that can degrade after successful control of the intended weed population and minimize or eliminate the environmental hazards. Furthermore, the adoption of integrated weed management practices rather than prolonged and repeated use of herbicide in agriculture can effectively reduce the growth of herbicide-resistant weed populations. The present review is a single valuable resource, providing insights into the recent trends and future challenges associated with herbicide use in modern agriculture, with a focus on human health and food safety. Also, we emphasize the advancements in herbicide technology, emergence of new herbicide-resistant weed species, regulatory considerations, and alternative approaches in herbicide use, all of which are particularly valuable to agroecology, policymakers, and stakeholders.
Graphical Abstract
The feasibility of visualizing and quantifying muscle changes in postoperative oral cancer patients using Quantitative Muscle Ultrasound (QMUS)
Authors: Vander Cruyssen Emily , van de Ven Jelmer , Dik Eric , Knuijt Simone 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Quantitative muscle ultrasound (QMUS) is a patient friendly tool for examining orofacial muscles. Resection of tissue can have an effect on the architecture and function of these muscles. The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of visualizing and quantifying muscle changes in postoperative oral cancer patients and to relate the findings to tumor and patient characteristics.

Methods
Adult patients with a resected first primary pT1 or T2 oral squamous cell carcinoma, at least one year post operatively, where included. Ultrasound data were collected of the geniohyoid muscle, digastric muscles, masseter muscle, transverse muscle and genioglossus muscle. Ultrasound images were labeled as clearly visible, questionable or unclear. Of the clear muscles, echogenicity and muscle thickness were measured.

Results
37 patients were included. The masseter muscle was clearly visible in all ultrasound images, both intrinsic tongue muscles had the lowest visibility (45.9%). There was a significant correlation between visibility and tumor localization for the genioglossus (p = 0.029). Age correlated with the visibility of the genioglossus muscle, BMI with the genioglossus and transverse muscles. Echogenicity and muscle thickness of the clearly identified muscles did not differ from normative values.

Conclusion
QMUS of orofacial muscles is feasible in postoperative oral cancer patients with relatively small tumor sizes. Tongue resections negatively affected the visibility of the two intrinsic tongue muscles. These preliminary results for particular muscles indicate that the use of ultrasound might be promising in oral cancer patients to help determine targeted goals in post-operative rehabilitation.
European grid development modeling and analysis: established frameworks, research trends, and future opportunities
Authors: Qu Chunzi , Bang Rasmus Noss 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a comprehensive survey of recent literature on European energy system modeling and analysis with special focus on grid development. Spanning the years from 2013 to 2023, we analyze 59 selected articles, organizing them by geographical scope, grid expansion strategies, research focus, and methodology. Additionally, we provide an overview of established and recurring frameworks, including ELMOD, EMPIRE, AnyMOD, LIMES, TIMES, FlexPlan, PyPSA, REMix, and Balmorel. Further, we elaborate on the recent trends in research and modeling. Based on our observations, we propose avenues for future research. For instance, considering recent changes in the geopolitical environment, we suggest shifting the geographical research focus from the North Sea region to the Central and Eastern European regions. Other suggestions include investigating grid development under imperfect market competition, merging the study of grid development with sector coupling, and increasing the focus on blue hydrogen, which appear to not receive much focus, as opposed to green hydrogen. Overall, this work may serve as a useful resource for newcomers to grid-related research and a practical guide for seasoned researchers in the field.
Warm‐Season Drying Across Europe and Its Links to Atmospheric Circulation
Authors: Bešťáková Zuzana , Kyselý Jan , Lhotka Ondřej , Heilig Maximilian , Eitzinger Josef 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe study drying trends across the central latitude strip of Europe (47.5–52.5°N and 2.5–27.5°E) during 1980–2019 and their links to atmospheric circulation. Daily differences between potential evapotranspiration and precipitation (PET–P) calculated from the E–OBS data are used to characterize dryness, and atmospheric circulation is represented by circulation types classified using daily sea level pressure patterns from the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis. Circulation types favoring dry conditions in vegetation season (April–September) are identified based on daily PET–P, and their temporal changes, seasonal variations, and links to trends in dryness in individual European regions are analyzed. In the early vegetation season (AMJ), drying trends are observed mainly in Western and Central Europe while in the late vegetation season (JAS), they are located predominantly in Eastern Europe. The dry circulation types include all anticyclonic types in all regions, as well as northeast to south (southwest in Eastern Europe) directional types. Trends of the dry circulation types correspond to those of dryness: the largest increase is found during AMJ in Western and Central Europe but during JAS in Eastern Europe. The results show that trends in dryness in the central latitude strip of Europe in the warm half‐year were associated with changes in atmospheric circulation, as the largest increases in frequency of dry circulation types occurred in the regions and months affected by pronounced drying. The increasing frequency of anticyclonic types in AMJ and reduced inflow of moist air masses from the Atlantic are the key factors supporting intensification of dry conditions in European mid‐latitudes.
Critical Role of Vertical Radiative Cooling Contrast in Triggering Episodic Deluges in Small‐Domain Hothouse Climates
Authors: Song Xinyi , Abbot Dorian S. , Yang Jun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSeeley and Wordsworth (2021, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586‐021‐03919‐z) showed that in small‐domain cloud‐resolving simulations the temporal pattern of precipitation transforms in extremely hot climates (≥320 K) from quasi‐steady to organized episodic deluges, with outbursts of heavy rain alternating with several dry days. They proposed a mechanism for this transition involving increased water vapor greenhouse effect and solar radiation absorption leading to net lower‐tropospheric radiative heating. This heating inhibits lower‐tropospheric convection and decouples the boundary layer from the upper troposphere during the dry phase, allowing lower‐tropospheric moist static energy to build until it discharges, resulting in a deluge. We perform cloud‐resolving simulations in polar night and show that the same transition occurs, implying that some revision of their mechanism is necessary. We perform further tests to show that episodic deluges can occur even if the lower‐tropospheric radiative heating rate is negative, as long as the magnitude of the upper‐tropospheric radiative cooling is about twice as large. We find that in the episodic deluge regime the period can be predicted from the time for radiation and reevaporation to cool the lower atmosphere.
Stochastic Modeling of Thin Mud Drapes Inside Point Bar Reservoirs With ALLUVSIM‐GANSim
Authors: Hu Xun , Song Suihong , Hou Jiagen , Yin Yanshu , Hou Mingqiu , Azevedo Leonardo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractModeling inclined fine‐scale mud drapes inside point bars, deposited on accretion surfaces during stages of low energy or slack water, is critical to modeling fluid flow in complex sedimentary environments (e.g., fluvial and turbidity flows). These features have been modeled using deterministic or geostatistical modeling tools (e.g., object‐, event‐, and pixel‐based). However, this is a non‐trivial task due to the need to preserve geological realism (e.g., connectivity within sedimentary features and facies hierarchy), while being able to condition the generated models to point data (e.g., well data). Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) have been successfully applied to reproduce several large‐scale scenarios (e.g., braided rivers and carbonate reservoirs), yet their potential for capturing small‐scale and hierarchical features remains largely unexplored. Here, we propose a geo‐modeling workflow for fast modeling of small‐scale conditional mud drapes based on ALLUVSIM and GANSim. Initially, improved ALLUVSIM produces realistic unconditional models of mud drapes along accretionary surfaces, serving as GAN training data. GANSim is then employed to achieve conditioning to well data and probability maps derived from geophysical modeling. Finally, temporal pressure data observed in wells are further conditioned via a Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling method. The proposed geo‐modeling workflow is validated in a two‐dimensional synthetic example as the pre‐trained generator extracts mud‐drapes‐features and generates multiple facies realizations conditioned to diverse information. A field application example in a modern meandering river verifies the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed workflow in real case application examples. The application examples illustrate the potential of the proposed method to predict mud drapes inside point bar reservoirs.
Dual Impacts of Space Heating Electrification and Climate Change Increase Uncertainties in Peak Load Behavior and Grid Capacity Requirements in Texas
Authors: Ssembatya Henry , Kern Jordan D. , Oikonomou Konstantinos , Voisin Nathalie , Burleyson Casey D. , Akdemir Kerem Ziya 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAround 60% of households in Texas currently rely on electricity for space heating. As decarbonization efforts increase, non‐electrified households could adopt electric heat pumps, significantly increasing peak (highest) electricity demand in winter. Simultaneously, anthropogenic climate change is expected to increase temperatures, the potential for summer heat waves, and associated electricity demand for cooling. Uncertainty regarding the timing and magnitude of these concurrent changes raises questions about how they will jointly affect the seasonality of peak demand, firm capacity requirements, and grid reliability. This study investigates the net effects of residential space heating electrification and climate change on long‐term demand patterns and load shedding potential, using climate change projections, a predictive load model, and a direct current optimal power flow (DCOPF) model of the Texas grid. Results show that full electrification of residential space heating by replacing existing fossil fuel use with higher efficiency heat pumps could significantly improve reliability under hotter futures. Less efficient heat pumps may result in more severe winter peaking events and increased reliability risks. As heating electrification intensifies, system planners will need to balance the potential for greater resource adequacy risk caused by shifts in seasonal peaking behavior alongside the benefits (improved efficiency and reductions in emissions).
Quantifying Channel Mobility and Floodplain Reworking Timescales Across River Planform Morphologies
Authors: Greenberg Evan , Chadwick Austin J. , Li Gen K. , Ganti Vamsi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSource‐to‐sink transfer of sediment and organic carbon (OC) is regulated by river mobility. Quantifying trends in river mobility is, however, challenging due to diverse planform morphologies (e.g., meandering, braided) and measurement methods. Here, we utilize a remote‐sensing method applicable to all planform morphologies to quantify the mobility timescales of 80 rivers worldwide. Results show that, across the continuum from meandering to braided rivers, there is a systematic reduction in the timescales of channel mobility and—to a lesser extent—floodplain reworking. This leads to a decrease in the efficiency with which braided rivers rework old floodplain material compared to their meandering counterparts. Reduced floodplain reworking efficiency of braided rivers leads to smaller channel‐belt areas relative to their size. Results suggest that river‐mobility timescales derived from remote sensing can aid in the characterization of sediment and OC storage and transit times at a global scale.
Hydrodynamics of Meander Chute Cutoffs in Microtidal Mudflats
Authors: Gao Chao , Wang Ya Ping , Li Zhiwei , Liu Cong‐Qiang , Gao Shu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRiver cutoffs and oxbow lakes represent ubiquitous features in alluvial plains, shaped by unidirectional meandering flow. Extensive studies have been conducted on these features as their presence immediately decreases meander sinuosity and plays a significant role in the long‐term eco‐morphodynamic and sedimentary evolution of landscapes they carved in. In contrast, limited attention has been given to meander cutoffs formed in tidal environments by bidirectional currents, and the corresponding hydrodynamical processes within these features are poorly understood. Here, we present new, first‐handed hydroacoustic data collected through a series of fixed‐point and cross‐sectional flow measurements along a chute cutoff located in the microtidal Diaokou Mudflat, the Yellow River Delta, China. The investigated cutoff bend displays higher hydrologically active than the newly‐formed chute channel at low tide, whereas the chute channel gradually become the main conduit for tidal flow propagation with water stage increasing. Specifically, poorly‐developed flow separation zones are compensated by widespread secondary circulation cells that are more pronounced under the influence of turbulences and complex bedforms rather than channel curvatures. Unlike fluvial cutoffs, which tend to be hydrologically disconnected to parent channels by coarse‐grained bed sediment plugging near the entrances, our study case is characterized by the absence of plug bars and widespread bank slumps instead. Consequently, our results support earlier suggestions that tidal cutoffs seldom disconnect from parent channels due to frequent overbank events and flow confluences, which can keep cutoffs active by flushing away fine‐grained, cohesive sediments, especially in mudflat systems.
Activated platelet-derived exosomal LRG1 promotes multiple myeloma cell growth
Authors: Gao Meng , Dong Hang , Jiang Siyi , Chen Fangping , Fu Yunfeng , Luo Yanwei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe hypercoagulable state is a hallmark for patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and is associated with disease progression. Activated platelets secrete exosomes and promote solid tumor growth. However, the role of platelet-derived exosomes in MM is not fully clear. We aim to study the underlying mechanism of how platelet-derived exosomes promote MM cell growth. Flow cytometry, Western blot, proteome analysis, co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence staining, and NOD/SCID mouse subcutaneous transplantation model were performed to investigate the role of exosomal LRG1 on multiple myeloma cell growth. Peripheral blood platelets in MM patients were in a highly activated state, and platelet-rich plasma from MM patients significantly promoted cell proliferation and decreased apoptotic cells in U266 and RPMI8226 cells. Leucine-rich-alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) was significantly enriched in MM platelet-derived exosomes. Blocking LRG1 in recipient cells using LRG1 antibody could significantly eliminate the proliferation-promoting effect of platelet-derived exosomes on MM cells. And high exosomal LRG1 was associated with poor prognosis of patients with MM. Mechanistic studies revealed that LRG1 interacted with Olfactomedin 4 (OLFM4) to accelerate MM progression by activating the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signaling pathway and promoting angiogenesis. Our results revealed that blocking LRG1 is a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of MM.