bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Palatal implants in adolescents: a histological evaluation in beagle dogs
Authors: Asscherickx Karlien , Wehrbein Heiner , Sabzevar Mehran Moradi 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectives: Small osseointegrated implants inserted in the palate provide a reliable anchorage control during orthodontic treatment. When these implants are inserted in the median palatal suture in adolescents, there might be interference with normal transverse development of the maxilla. The aim of this study was to determine histometrically the influence of implants inserted in the median palatal suture in adolescent beagle dogs on transverse maxillary development and to determine the amount of osseointegration of unloaded palatal implants in the median palatal suture in adolescent beagle dogs.Material and methods: Two palatal implants were inserted in the median palatal suture in four of five adolescent beagle dogs. The experimental period took 25 weeks, and the dogs were subjected to a scheme of sequential point labelling with vital stains every 6 weeks. Insertion sites were examined microscopically and histometric analysis was performed.Results and discussion: Both anterior width and posterior width were wider in the control dog as compared with the average in the test dogs, 3.7% and 9.5%, respectively. After loss of a palatal implant, immediate repair of the bone in the suture area could be observed. In the posterior region, the repaired suture looked more like a suture in the infantile stage in humans, instead of having a sinusoidal course, as was observed in the control dog and in adolescent humans. The amount of osseointegration varied from 43% to 64.3%.Conclusion: The results of this study support the idea that in adolescents, palatal implants should not be inserted in the median palatal suture because of possible growth impairment (transverse maxillary development). The amount of osseointegration of unloaded palatal implants in the median palatal suture in adolescent dogs is less as compared with dental implants in dogs and loaded palatal implants in adult humans.
Estimation of direct and maternal genetic parameters for growth and carcass traits in a herd of Japanese Black cattle in Miyagi prefecture, using a multitrait animal model
Authors: ABDEL‐AZIZ Mahmoud , NISHIDA Shigeru , SUZUKI Keiichi , NISHIDA Akira 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTData from 1170 records of fattening calves were collected on growth and carcass traits from a Japanese Black cattle herd located in Miyagi prefecture, Japan. The objective was to determine direct and maternal heritabilities, direct and maternal genetic correlations and phenotypic correlations between bodyweight at the beginning of the fattening period (BWS), bodyweight at the end of the fattening period (BWF), carcass weight (CW), average daily gain during the fattening period (ADG), rib eye area (REA), rib thickness, subcutaneous backfat thickness (SFT), yield estimate (YE) and beef marbling score (BMS). Direct heritability estimates of 0.16 (SFT) and 0.07 (BMS) were low, whereas estimates of the other traits were medium to high and ranged between 0.44 (REA) and 0.78 (CW). Direct genetic correlations were all positive, except those that were between BWS and SFT, and between BWS and YE (−0.49 and −0.14, respectively). The lowest positive genetic correlation was between BWS and BMS (0.04) and the highest was between BWF and CW (0.99). The phenotypic correlation coefficients ranged between −0.41 (between SFT and YE) and 0.96 (between BWF and CW). Maternal heritability estimates were generally low and ranged between 0.00 for BMS and 0.08 for BWS, CW and ADG. Selection programs comprising information on growth and carcass traits of calves and maternal traits of dams were suggested.
Effect of protein level and flushing method on the reproductive performance of rabbits
Authors: IYEGHE‐ERAKPOTOBOR Grace T. , OLORUNJU Shade A. S. , OYEDIPE Emmanuel O. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTFifty‐five New Zealand white × California cross‐bred female rabbits were used to study the effect of protein level and flushing method on the reproductive performance of rabbits. The treatments consisted of three protein diets (18, 20 and 24% crude protein (CP)) and three flushing methods in a 3 × 3 factorial design. The flushing methods consisted of (i) flushing multiparous does and feeding a 16% CP diet during pregnancy; (ii) flushing multiparous does and feeding an 18% CP diet during pregnancy; and (iii) flushing nulliparous does and feeding an 18% CP diet during pregnancy. Flushing rabbits with different levels of protein did not significantly affect gestation length, litter size and mortality of kits. The trend showed an increase in litter weight with the increase in protein level from 18 to 24%. However, kits from does flushed with 24% CP had a higher individual kit weight gain than those on 20 and 18% CP. Gestation length, total litter size at birth, number of kits dead at birth and number of kits dead at 21 days post‐partum were not affected by flushing methods. There was, however, a significant effect of the flushing method on the number of kits alive at birth, and 7, 14 and 21 days post‐partum. Nulliparous does flushed and maintained on 18% CP during pregnancy had a significantly higher number of kits alive at birth, and 7, 14 and 21 days post‐partum. Litter weight was significantly higher for nulliparous does at 7, 14 and 21 days compared with that of multiparous does flushed and placed on a 16 or 18% CP diet during pregnancy. Protein intake during pregnancy had a significant effect on litter birthweight. Nulliparous and multiparous does flushed and placed on an 18% CP diet during pregnancy had a significantly higher litter birthweight than multiparous does flushed and placed on a 16% CP diet during pregnancy. The effect of protein level during pregnancy on the number of kits alive at birth was not significant. There was no interaction between protein level and flushing method on the reproductive performance of rabbits.
Comparison of fattening performance in Brahman grade cattle (Bos indicus) and crossbred water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) fed on high roughage diet
Authors: LAPITAN Rosalina M. , DEL BARRIO Arnel N. , KATSUBE Osamu , BAN‐TOKUDA Tomomi , ORDEN Edgar A. , ROBLES Alberto Y. , CRUZ Libertado C. , KANAI Yukio , FUJIHARA Tsutomu 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to compare the fattening performance in Brahman grade cattle (crossbred cattle) and crossbred water buffalo at the same young age and fed with high roughage based fattening rations in the Philippines. Ten crossbred cattle and 10 crossbred water buffalo, aged between 18 and 24 months old were used in this experiment. The animals were fed diets consisting of 85% Napier or Para grass and 15% concentrate mixture (CM) on a dry matter (DM) basis. The grass, total DM intake and bodyweight gain were significantly (P < 0.01) higher for the crossbred water buffalo than for the cattle. There was no species significant difference in the digestion coefficient and feed conversion rate between the crossbred cattle and water buffalo. The return over feed cost for fattening was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the crossbred water buffalo than in the cattle. These results clearly indicate that under high roughage‐based fattening rations, young crossbred water buffalo are better able to utilize the roughage and they perform better in terms of feed intake and live weight gains than the crossbred cattle in the Philippines.
Comparison of the bioactive components of the ecotypes and cultivars of plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.) herbs
Authors: AL‐MAMUN Mohammad , ABE Daisuke , KOFUJITA Hisayoshi , TAMURA Yoshifumi , SANO Hiroaki 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThe concentrations of the bioactive components, acteoside, aucubin and catalpol, and the production yield, crude protein (CP) and crude ash contents in 25 ecotypes (Et) of plantain (PL, Plantago lanceolata L.), found in northern Japan, and commercial cultivars, Grasslands Lancelot (GL) and Ceres Tonic (CT), were investigated. The quantitative determination of bioactive components was performed by high performance liquid chromatography. The acteoside content of some of the 25 Et was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than CT and numerically higher than GL and other Et. Most of the Et had numerically higher concentrations of catalpol and aucubin than the GL and CT. The CP and crude ash content of the Et were comparable with those of the GL and CT. The dry matter (DM) yields of some of the Et was numerically greater than that of the cultivars. The present data suggest that most of the Et are comparable to the cultivars in respect to the concentration of bioactive components and DM yield as well as CP and crude ash contents and could be used as pasture like GL and CT.
The Trollopian Geopolitical Aesthetic
Authors: Goodlad Lauren M. E. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTrollope’s reputation as a formally dull post‐1848 realist persists even though the period of his Palliser series (1864–1879) was characterized by intense political and imperial dynamism. While most of Trollope’s novels during this period exemplify a historically engaged realism,The Eustace Diamondsis distinct for its rare meditation on empire in South Asia—a topic that Trollope seems purposely to have avoided. Trollope’s fourth Palliser novel captures the vexed ethics of a so‐called liberal imperialism through two classic characters—Lucy Morris and Lord Fawn—and their interactions with the Sawab of Mygawb, a “non‐character”who marks the novel’s geopolitical unconscious. But the novel’s most formally distinct features revolve around representation of Lizzie Eustace, who figures Trollope’s uneasiness over the New Imperial era’s neo‐feudal aesthetics. Trollope associated the New Imperialism with Benjamin Disraeli whose Jewish ethnicity he tied to a “conjuring” political agency that could master the theaters of mass democracy and imperial expansion. InThe Eustace Diamonds, Lizzie becomes the embodiment of an actively performed New Imperial aesthetic. As a Disraeli‐like schemer, she introduces a stylistic referentiality that is alien to Trollope’s ‘pellucid’ linguistic ideal. Where Trollope’s sociological and global capitalist novels offer nuanced aesthetic capture, Lizzie marks the representational limits of such realism. Like the Sawab, she is the sign of a Trollopian power to stretch form beyond the crude anti‐realism of the racialized scapegoat.
Touching Texts: The Haptic Sense in Modernist Literature
Authors: Garrington Abbie 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe haptic sense combines touch – the reaching and touching of any part of the human skin – with kinaesthesis, or the body’s appreciation of its own movement. It also involves proprioception, a bodily sense of position within space. It has become a major focus of attention in academic studies of recent years, with film theorists, sociologists, computer scientists, physiologists and human geographers all attempting to describe with accuracy the elusive sense of touch. However, no full account has been given of the role of the haptic in literature, either as a subject of fiction or as the basis for a mode of writing. In the case of modernist texts, these seem particularly strange oversights, as the period was one in which human bodies were becoming accustomed to startling new experiences – including most importantly the cinema and mechanised transport – that transformed the human sense of movement and of tactile interactions between body and world. Several culturally attuned modernist theorists noted the haptic transformations of life in the early twentieth century. Walter Benjamin was to claim that modernist existence could only be fully apprehended through ‘tactile appropriation,’ while F.T. Marinetti’s ‘Tactilism’ manifesto lamented the poor thought‐conducting qualities of the skin and suggested tactile engagement as a route not only to great art but to better human understanding (Benjamin 233; Marinetti). Meanwhile, many authors of the modernist avant‐garde were recognising and evoking the importance of touch, kinaesthesis and proprioception within their texts. The work of Virginia Woolf, Dorothy Richardson and D.H. Lawrence, amongst others, demonstrates that the haptic sense was a vital concern of the modernist period – not simply part of the fabric of daily life, but also a pressing matter to be identified and analysed within, and even re‐created by, literature. In fact, the period is poised at the mid‐point of the history of theories of the haptic, which stretches from nineteenth century physiological and art historical studies, to our present day, multi‐disciplinary attention to skin, touch and bodily movement. Tracing this theoretical history, and identifying a flowering of interest in the haptic sense in the modernist period, provides an opportunity to view modernist writing from a new perspective. By defining the haptic, and by looking at its role in the work of some canonical modernist writers, this article aims at exploring the promise of a haptic‐oriented analysis for the study of modernist literature.
Effects of Salvianolic Acid A on Oxidative Stress and Liver Injury Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride in Rats
Authors: Wu Zhi‐ming , Wen Tao , Tan Yu‐fen , Liu Yan , Ren Feng , Wu Hao 
Published: September 2010

Abstract:  In the present study, we investigated the hepatoprotective effects of salvianolic acid A, a novel antioxidant, against oxidative stress and acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats, and the mechanisms underlying its protective effects. Administration of CCl4 to rats caused severe hepatic damage, as demonstrated by the significant increase in the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and classic histological changes including hepatocyte necrosis or apoptosis, haemorrhage, fatty degeneration, etc. Co‐treatment with salvianolic acid A (20 mg/kg, intraperitoneally), a water‐soluble extract from a Chinese traditional drug, Radix Salvia miltiorrhiza, significantly decreased CCl4‐induced hepatotoxicity. Salvianolic acid A not only decreased serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferas levels and ameliorated histopathological manifestations in CCl4‐treated rats, but also reduced oxidative stress, as evidenced by decreased reactive oxygen species production and malondialdehyde concentrations in the liver tissues, combined with elevated hepatic superoxide dismutase activity and gluthathione content. In addition, salvianolic acid A treatment remarkably reduced intrahepatic tumour necrosis factor‐α concentrations and caspase‐3 activities as compared with the CCl4‐treated rats. The results suggested that treatment with salvianolic acid A provides a potent protective effect against acute hepatic damage caused by CCl4 in rats, which may mainly be related to its antioxidative effect.
Lifetime Consequences of Combined Maternal Lead and Stress
Authors: Cory‐Slechta Deborah A. , Virgolini Miriam B. , Rossi‐George Alba , Thiruchelvam Mona , Lisek Renata , Weston Douglas 
Published: September 2010

Abstract: Elevated lead (Pb) exposure and high stress both target low socio‐economic status populations. Both also act on the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. Pb disrupts cognition through effects on the mesocorticolimbic dopamine pathway. Stress hormones act on this same pathway via the HPA axis. The fact that Pb and stress are likely interactive risk factors served as the rationale for a series of studies in our laboratory. These demonstrate that stress can modify Pb effects, that Pb can modify stress responsivity, and, notably, that Pb + stress effects can occur in the absence of an effect of either alone in rats. Furthermore, maternal only Pb exposure can permanently alter basal corticosterone levels, stress responsivity (i.e. permanent modification of HPA axis function) and brain catecholamines in offspring of both genders. Interactive effects of Pb + stress are not limited to early development: even Pb exposures initiated post‐weaning alter basal corticosterone and stress responsivity. Outcomes differ in relation to gender, brain region, stressor and time of measurement, making Pb + stress interactions complex. Altered HPA axis function may serve as a mechanism for the behavioural and catecholaminergic neurotoxicity associated with Pb, as well as for the increased incidence of disease and dysfunctions associated with low socio‐economic status. The permanent consequences of maternal only Pb exposure suggest that Pb screening programmes should include pregnant women at risk for elevated Pb exposure, and that stress should be considered as an additional risk factor. Pb + stress effects observed in the absence of either risk factor alone raise questions about the capacity of current hazard identification approaches to adequately identify human health risks posed by neurotoxicants.
Experimental Models for the Study of Female and Male Sexual Function
Authors: Giuliano Francois , Pfaus James , Balasubramanian Srilatha , Hedlund Petter , Hisasue Shin-ichi , Marson Lesley , Wallen Kim 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTIntroductionSignificant progress has been made in the understanding of physiological and pharmacological mechanisms of human sexual functioning through preclinical research in animal models.AimTo provide an evidence-based documentation of the experimental models evaluating male and female sexual function for useful clinical translation.MethodsConsensus discussion over the past 18 months leading to summarized views of seven experts from six countries.Main Outcome MeasureReport was based on the critical analysis of scientific information available in literature and subcommittee presentations, discussions, and exchanges of ideas and feedback.ResultsFundamental research in animal models has led to considerable understanding of the physiological mechanisms underlying desire, arousal, genital, and other sexual responses and the design of rational pharmacological treatments for certain sexual dysfunctions in the male and female. Tissue and cellular in vitro systems have provided critical information on the in vivo interactions and modulations in the presence and absence of chemical, biological, vascular, neurologic, endocrine, and genetic inputs. The animal models seem indispensable for elucidating the biophysiological and etiopathological aspects of male and female sexual disorders.ConclusionsUseful insights into the human experience have been derived from basic research in ways that are far more difficult to obtain in humans, both scientifically and ethically. The animal model with a good predictive value can be used as a successful preclinical tool so long as the functional end points are homologous or analogous. The key issue is whether further evaluations are warranted to extrapolate the results in a clinical setting.
EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS, AND MORE PARTICULARLY OF SOIL MOISTURE UPON THE EMERGENCE OF PEAS
Authors: HULL R. 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARY

The emergence of pea seedlings is much, reduced under conditions of high soil moisture. Soil temperature is a factor of less importance. Under comparable conditions, the wrinkle‐seeded variety Gradus is more liable to fail in emergence than the round‐seeded variety Pilot.
By dressing the dry seed with an organic mercurial compound, the stand of plants can be materially improved. The maximum load of fungicide which the dry seed is able to carry gives no visible check to the growth of the above‐ground part of the plant but an appreciable stunting of the tap root of the seedling has been demonstrated.
Reduction in the stand of seedlings is chiefly due to the action of soil‐borne organisms. A species of Fusarium and a phycomycetous fungus, isolated from diseased seedlings, have been shown to be capable of causing a high mortality of pea seeds and seedlings under conditions of high soil humidity.
STUDIES ON THE PHYSIOLOGY AND PARASITISM OF BOTRYTIS CINE RE A PERS
Authors: DU PLESSIS S. J. 
Published: September 2010

Summary

Culture studies were made with varieties B 1c and B 12c of Botrytis cinerea in which nitrogen was supplied in different combinations. From these studies it became evident that no definite conclusion may be drawn as to whether any of these two varieties prefer nitrogen in the ammonium or in the nitrate form.
Though the growth of these fungi was usually somewhat poorer on the media in which nitrogen was available in the nitrate form, the greatest weight of mycelium was produced per unit weight of consumed nitrogen from this source.
The amount of acid produced per unit weight of consumed nitrogen was greater on media containing ammonium or nitrates which were less favourable to growth.
The hydrogen‐ion concentration of the medium, originally standardized at pH. 6.0, and the total amount of acid of this medium was increased by both varieties of B. cinerea. The increase in hydrogen‐ion concentration was greater where nitrogen was supplied in the ammonium form than where it was supplied in the nitrate form.
Both varieties acidified all sets of media containing ammonium nitrate as a source of nitrogen, whether the initial hydrogen‐ion concentration was pH 8.6 or 2.7. The sets of media, in which nitrogen was supplied in the form of sodium nitrate, were acidified when their initial hydrogen‐ion concentration was pH. 7.4. Where this concentration was pH 2.6, it was however decreased to pH 5.2 by culture B 1c, while the total amount of acid in these sets of media was still increased. Culture B 12c not only decreased the hydrogen‐ion concentration of this medium, originally at pH 2.6, but also its total amount of acid.
Uninjured Henab Turki grapes in different stages of maturity showed an increasing susceptibility to infection by B 12c with advance of maturity. Injured berries of this variety were slightly susceptible to invasion by this fungus even when they were green.
Inoculation results of raw, sterile juice from representative samples of these grapes with culture B 12c show that a fair amount of growth occurred even on juice from the greenest grapes experimented with. The important role played by the cuticle and cell walls in the protection of grape berries against penetration and invasion respectively by B. cinerea was clearly demonstrated in this experiment.
The hydrogen‐ion concentration and the total amount of acid of grape juice of pH. 3.0 at the time of inoculation was increased by culture B 12c. Where the hydrogen‐ion concentration of the juice was originally below pH. 3.0, this concentration, as well as the total amount of acid, was decreased by this fungus.
The changes in the acid reactions of media by B. cinerea are, therefore, dependent upon (a) the variety of this fungus, (b) the initial hydrogen‐ion concentration of the substrate, and (c) the source of nitrogen supplied.
A NEW DISEASE OF TULIP CAUSED BY SPECIES OF PYTHIUM
Authors: MOORE W. C. , BUDDIN W. 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYDuring the last few years a new Pythium disease of tulips has been observed in England, Denmark and Holland, On the Continent the disease is caused by Pythium ultimum Trow, whilst in this country the trouble is due to a different species, closely related to, but not identical with, P. de Baryanum var. Pelargonii Braun. It may be contracted from the soil or carried with the bulbs. The Pythium causes a root rot accompanied by dwarfing and lack of vigour in the plants. Sometimes the bulbs and bases of the flowering shoots are attacked and partially or completely destroyed. When this occurs the symptoms closely resemble the more serious Shanking disease due to species of Phytophthora. Pythium root rot has been induced by artificial inoculation and the causal organism has been re‐isolated. Control measures are indicated.