bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of provincial bicycle helmet legislation on helmet use and bicycle ridership in Canada
Authors: Dennis Jessica , Potter Beth , Ramsay Tim , Zarychanski Ryan 
Published: June 2010

BackgroundBicycle helmet legislation has been variably implemented in six of 10 Canadian provinces. The objectives of this study were to determine the association between the comprehensiveness of helmet legislation and both helmet use and bicycle ridership.MethodsAnalysis of helmet use was based on data from the 2005 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) and included respondents from three Canadian provinces (Saskatchewan, Ontario, and Nova Scotia). Analysis of bicycle use was based on data from the 2000–01, 2003, 2005, and 2007 cycles of the CCHS and included respondents from all provinces. In the time between the 2000–01 and 2007 cycles, two provinces (Prince Edward Island (PEI) and Alberta) implemented helmet legislation.ResultsHelmets were reportedly worn by 73.2% (95% CI 69.3% to 77.0%) of respondents in Nova Scotia, where legislation applies to all ages, by 40.6% (95% CI 39.2% to 42.0%) of respondents in Ontario, where legislation applies to those less than 18 years of age, and by 26.9% (95% CI 23.9% to 29.9%) of respondents in Saskatchewan, where no legislation exists. Though legislation applied to youth in both Ontario and Nova Scotia, helmet use was lower among youth in Ontario than among youth in Nova Scotia (46.7% (95% CI 44.1% to 49.4%) vs 77.5% (95% CI 70.9% to 84.1%)). Following the implementation of legislation in PEI and Alberta, recreational and commuting bicycle use remained unchanged among youth and adults.ConclusionsCanadian youth and adults are significantly more likely to wear helmets as the comprehensiveness of helmet legislation increases. Helmet legislation is not associated with changes in ridership.
Mouse Models for the p53 R72P Polymorphism Mimic Human Phenotypes
Authors: Zhu Feng , Dollé Martijn E.T. , Berton Thomas R. , Kuiper Raoul V. , Capps Carrie , Espejo Alexsandra , McArthur Mark J. , Bedford Mark T. , van Steeg Harry , de Vries Annemieke , Johnson David G. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor gene contains a common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) that results in either an arginine or proline at position 72 of the p53 protein. This polymorphism affects the apoptotic activity of p53 but the mechanistic basis and physiologic relevance of this phenotypic difference remain unclear. Here, we describe the development of mouse models for the p53 R72P SNP using two different approaches. In both sets of models, the human or humanized p53 proteins are functional as evidenced by the transcriptional induction of p53 target genes in response to DNA damage and the suppression of early lymphomagenesis. Consistent with in vitro studies, mice expressing the 72R variant protein (p53R) have a greater apoptotic response to several stimuli compared with mice expressing the p53P variant. Molecular studies suggest that both transcriptional and nontranscriptional mechanisms may contribute to the differential abilities of the p53 variants to induce apoptosis. Despite a difference in the acute response to UV radiation, no difference in the tumorigenic response to chronic UV exposure was observed between the polymorphic mouse models. These findings suggest that under at least some conditions, the modulation of apoptosis by the R72P polymorphism does not affect the process of carcinogenesis. Cancer Res; 70(14); OF1–9. ©2010 AACR.
DNMT3B7, a Truncated DNMT3B Isoform Expressed in Human Tumors, Disrupts Embryonic Development and Accelerates Lymphomagenesis
Authors: Shah Mrinal Y. , Vasanthakumar Aparna , Barnes Natalie Y. , Figueroa Maria E. , Kamp Anna , Hendrick Christopher , Ostler Kelly R. , Davis Elizabeth M. , Lin Shang , Anastasi John , Le Beau Michelle M. , Moskowitz Ivan P. , Melnick Ari , Pytel Peter , Godley Lucy A. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Epigenetic changes are among the most common alterations observed in cancer cells, yet the mechanism by which cancer cells acquire and maintain abnormal DNA methylation patterns is not understood. Cancer cells have an altered distribution of DNA methylation and express aberrant DNA methyltransferase 3B transcripts, which encode truncated proteins, some of which lack the COOH-terminal catalytic domain. To test if a truncated DNMT3B isoform disrupts DNA methylation in vivo, we constructed two lines of transgenic mice expressing DNMT3B7, a truncated DNMT3B isoform commonly found in cancer cells. DNMT3B7 transgenic mice exhibit altered embryonic development, including lymphopenia, craniofacial abnormalities, and cardiac defects, similar to Dnmt3b-deficient animals, but rarely develop cancer. However, when DNMT3B7 transgenic mice are bred with Eμ-Myc transgenic mice, which model aggressive B-cell lymphoma, DNMT3B7 expression increases the frequency of mediastinal lymphomas in Eμ-Myc animals. Eμ-Myc/DNMT3B7 mediastinal lymphomas have more chromosomal rearrangements, increased global DNA methylation levels, and more locus-specific perturbations in DNA methylation patterns compared with Eμ-Myc lymphomas. These data represent the first in vivo modeling of cancer-associated DNA methylation changes and suggest that truncated DNMT3B isoforms contribute to the redistribution of DNA methylation characterizing virtually every human tumor. Cancer Res; 70(14); 5840–50. ©2010 AACR.
Thrombin generation in rheumatoid arthritis: Dependence on plasma factor composition
Authors: Undas Anetta , Gissel Matthew , Kwasny-Krochin Beata , Gluszko Piotr , Mann Kenneth , Brummel-Ziedins Kathleen 
Published: June 2010

SummaryGrowing evidence indicates that rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with an increased risk for thromboembolic cardiovascular events. We investigated thrombin generation profiles in RA patients and their dependence on plasma factor/inhibitor composition. Plasma factor (F) compositions (II, V, VII, VIII, IX, X), antithrombin and free tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) from 46 consecutive RA patients with no cardiovascular events (39 female, 7 male, aged 57 [range, 23–75] years; DAS28 [Disease Activity Score] 5.2 ± 1.1) were compared with those obtained in age- and sex-matched apparently healthy controls. Using each individual’s plasma coagulation protein composition, tissue factor- initiated thrombin generation was assessed both computationally and empirically. RA patients had higher fibrinogen (4.18 [IQR 1.09] vs. 2.56 [0.41] g/l, p<0.0001), FVIII (226 ± 40 vs. 113 ± 15%, p<0.001), PC (107 [16] vs. 100 [14]%, p<0.001), and free TFPI levels (22.3 [2.2] vs. 14.7 [2.1] ng/ml, p<0.001). DAS28, but not age, RA duration, or C-reac- tive protein, was associated with FV, FVIII, FIX, FX, antithrombin, and free TFPI (r from 0.27 to 0.48, p<0.05). Intergroup comparison of computational thrombin generation profiles showed that in RA patients, maximum thrombin levels (p=0.01) and the rate of thrombin formation (p<0.0001) were higher, whereas the initiation phase of thrombin generation (p<0.0001) and the time to maximum thrombin levels (p<0.0001) were longer. Empirical reconstructions of the populations reproduced the thrombin generation profiles generated by the computational model. Simulations of thrombin formation suggest that blood plasma composition, i.e. a marked increase in FVIII, somewhat counterbalanced by free TFPI, contributes to the prothrombotic phenotype in RA patients.
Does Safe Dosing of Iodinated Contrast Prevent Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury?
Authors: Brown Jeremiah R. , Robb John F. , Block Clay A. , Schoolwerth Anton C. , Kaplan Aaron V. , O'Connor Gerald T. , Solomon Richard J. , Malenka David J. 
Published: June 2010

Background—
Previous work on contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) has identified contrast volume as a risk factor and suggested that there is a maximum allowable contrast dose (MACD) above which the risk of CI-AKI is markedly increased. We hypothesized that there is a relationship between contrast volume and CI-AKI and that there might be reason to track incremental contrast volumes above and below the MACD limit.

Methods and Results—

Consecutive patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were prospectively enrolled from 2000 to 2008 (n=10 065). Patients on dialysis before PCI were excluded (n=155). MACD was defined as (5 mL×body weight [kg])/baseline serum creatinine [mg/dL]) and divided into categories in which 1.0 reflects the MACD limit: ≤MACD ratios (<0.5, 0.5 to 0.75, and 0.75 to 1.0) and >MACD (1.0 to 1.5, 1.5 to 2.0, and >2.0). CI-AKI was defined as a ≥0.3 (mg/dL) or ≥50% increase in serum creatinine from baseline or new dialysis. Multivariable regression was conducted to evaluate the effect of exceeding the MACD on CI-AKI. Twenty percent of patients exceeded the MACD. Risk-adjusted CI-AKI increased by an average of 45% for each category exceeding the MACD (odds ratio, 1.45; 95% confidence interval, 1.29 to 1.62) Adjusted odds ratios for each category exceeding the MACD were 1.60 (95% confidence interval, 1.29 to 1.97), 2.02 (95% confidence interval, 1.45 to 2.81), and 2.94 (95% confidence interval, 1.93 to 4.48). CI-AKI for contrast dose <MACD showed no statistical difference (
P
=0.5).

Conclusions—
Contrast volume is a key risk factor for CI-AKI and matters the most in the highest-risk patient. The incremental use of contrast beyond the MACD is associated with an increased risk of CI-AKI.
Long-Term Observations of the Convective Boundary Layer Using Insect Radar Returns at the SGP ARM Climate Research Facility
Authors: Chandra Arunchandra S. , Kollias Pavlos , Giangrande Scott E. , Klein Stephen A. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
A long-term study of the turbulent structure of the convective boundary layer (CBL) at the U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM) Southern Great Plains (SGP) Climate Research Facility is presented. Doppler velocity measurements from insects occupying the lowest 2 km of the boundary layer during summer months are used to map the vertical velocity component in the CBL. The observations cover four summer periods (2004–08) and are classified into cloudy and clear boundary layer conditions. Profiles of vertical velocity variance, skewness, and mass flux are estimated to study the daytime evolution of the convective boundary layer during these conditions. A conditional sampling method is applied to the original Doppler velocity dataset to extract coherent vertical velocity structures and to examine plume dimension and contribution to the turbulent transport. Overall, the derived turbulent statistics are consistent with previous aircraft and lidar observations. The observations provide unique insight into the daytime evolution of the convective boundary layer and the role of increased cloudiness in the turbulent budget of the subcloud layer. Coherent structures (plumes–thermals) are found to be responsible for more than 80% of the total turbulent transport resolved by the cloud radar system. The extended dataset is suitable for evaluating boundary layer parameterizations and testing large-eddy simulations (LESs) for a variety of surface and cloud conditions.
MetaBar - a tool for consistent contextual data acquisition and standards compliant submission
Authors: Hankeln Wolfgang , Buttigieg Pier Luigi , Fink Dennis , Kottmann Renzo , Yilmaz Pelin , Glöckner Frank Oliver 
Published: June 2010

Abstract

Background
Environmental sequence datasets are increasing at an exponential rate; however, the vast majority of them lack appropriate descriptors like sampling location, time and depth/altitude: generally referred to as metadata or contextual data. The consistent capture and structured submission of these data is crucial for integrated data analysis and ecosystems modeling. The application MetaBar has been developed, to support consistent contextual data acquisition.

Results
MetaBar is a spreadsheet and web-based software tool designed to assist users in the consistent acquisition, electronic storage, and submission of contextual data associated to their samples. A preconfigured Microsoft® Excel® spreadsheet is used to initiate structured contextual data storage in the field or laboratory. Each sample is given a unique identifier and at any stage the sheets can be uploaded to the MetaBar database server. To label samples, identifiers can be printed as barcodes. An intuitive web interface provides quick access to the contextual data in the MetaBar database as well as user and project management capabilities. Export functions facilitate contextual and sequence data submission to the International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration (INSDC), comprising of the DNA DataBase of Japan (DDBJ), the European Molecular Biology Laboratory database (EMBL) and GenBank. MetaBar requests and stores contextual data in compliance to the Genomic Standards Consortium specifications. The MetaBar open source code base for local installation is available under the GNU General Public License version 3 (GNU GPL3).

Conclusion
The MetaBar software supports the typical workflow from data acquisition and field-sampling to contextual data enriched sequence submission to an INSDC database. The integration with the megx.net marine Ecological Genomics database and portal facilitates georeferenced data integration and metadata-based comparisons of sampling sites as well as interactive data visualization. The ample export functionalities and the INSDC submission support enable exchange of data across disciplines and safeguarding contextual data.
A multi-center, randomized, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of intravenous ibuprofen for the treatment of fever in critically ill and non-critically ill adults
Authors: Morris Peter E , Promes John T , Guntupalli Kalpalatha K , Wright Patrick E , Arons Murray M 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Introduction
Hospitalized patients are often unable to ingest or tolerate oral antipyretics and recently an aqueous formulation of intravenous (IV) ibuprofen was approved by the US-FDA for the reduction of fever in adults.

Methods
We evaluated IV ibuprofen to reduce fever exceeding 101.0°F, measured as the percentage of subjects achieving a temperature <101.0°F at four hours after a single dose of IV ibuprofen vs. placebo. Secondary evaluations included the effect on temperature at 24 hours. Nine sites randomized patients to receive either a placebo or IV ibuprofen (100, 200, or 400 mg), and patients were given four hours for six doses. Subjects were excluded for platelet count <30 k and/or creatinine >3.0 mg/dL.

Results
At entry, there were no significant baseline differences between the IV ibuprofen group and placebo, n = 120. At four hours, the number (percentage) with T<101.0°F was: Placebo n = 9/28 (32%); 100 mg IV ibuprofen n = 19/31 (61%), P = 0.0264; 200 mg IV ibuprofen n = 21/30 (70%) P = 0.0043; 400 mg IV ibuprofen n = 24/31 (77%) P = 0.0005. A total of 53/120 patients (44%) were prospectively defined as critically ill at baseline and similar temperature reductions were observed in this subgroup. There were no statistically significant differences between treatment groups or when compared to placebo in transfusion, bleeding, renal failure or mortality.

Conclusions
All doses of IV ibuprofen tested reduced fever at four hours and throughout the first 24 hours of dosing. The 400 mg dose was effective in lowering temperature to normal and maintaining this over the first 24 hours of dosing. IV ibuprofen was effective in reducing fevers in critically ill and non-critically ill groups. Following 24 hours of administration of IV ibuprofen, no clinically significant differences in any safety parameter including renal function or bleeding occurred through the 28-day follow-up period.

Trial registrations
Clinicaltrials.gov registration number: NCT01131000.
Technical Advance: caspase-1 activation and IL-1β release correlate with the degree of lysosome damage, as illustrated by a novel imaging method to quantify phagolysosome damage
Authors: Davis Michael J , Swanson Joel A 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
A novel imaging method quantifies phagolysosome damage.
In addition to the lysosomeˈs important roles in digestion, antigen processing, and microbial destruction, lysosome damage in macrophages can trigger cell death and release of the inflammatory cytokine IL-1β. To examine the relationship among endocytosis, lysosome damage, and subsequent events, such as caspase-1 activation and IL-1β secretion, we developed a method for measuring lysosome disruption inside individual living cells, which quantifies release of Fdx from lysosomes. Unperturbed, cultured BMM exhibited low levels of lysosome damage, which were not increased by stimulation of macropinocytosis. Lysosome damage following phagocytosis differed with different types of ingested particles, with negligible damage after ingestion of sRBC ghosts, intermediate damage by polystyrene (PS) beads, and high levels of damage by ground silica. Pretreatment with LPS decreased the amount of lysosome damage following phagocytosis of PS beads, silica microspheres, or ground silica. Activation of caspase-1 and subsequent release of IL-1β were proportional to lysosome damage following phagocytosis. The low level of damage following PS bead phagocytosis was insufficient to activate caspase-1 in LPS-activated macrophages. These studies indicate that lysosome damage following phagocytosis is dependent on particle composition and dose and that caspase-1 activation and IL-1β secretion correlate with the extent of lysosome damage.
National Dementia Strategy: a window of opportunity?: Commentary on … National Dementia Strategy: innovation or reiteration?
Authors: Iliffe Steve 
Published: June 2010

SummaryMany practitioners will sympathise with Claire Hilton's views of the National Dementia Strategy. However, implementation of healthcare policies is frequently a long drawn out and messy process. There is no guarantee that its proposals will be implemented, given the vagaries of economies and the frailty of political will, but all of them could be. We should aim for gradual changes that produce qualitative shifts in the standards of dementia care.
Synthesis of Reactive Oligonucleotides for Gene Targeting and Their Application to Gene Expression Regulation
Authors: Nagatsugi Fumi , Sasaki Shigeki 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Many genetic disorders have recently been identified as a major cause of diseases and the regulation of gene expression has been proposed as an attractive therapeutic strategy. Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) are valuable tools that interfere with gene expression by specifically binding to target genes in a sequence-specific manner. In particular, reactive ODNs are expected to be more efficient because they covalently bind to the target genes. This review summarizes the synthesis of reactive ODNs with inducible reactivity, in particular, their applications to efficient cross-linking reactions, have been developed by the author’s group. We also describe applications of the cross-linking reactions to the antisense method in cells and their impact on mutagenesis in model systems.
Monodisperse Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Embedded in Mg–Al Hydrotalcite as a Highly Active, Magnetically Separable, and Recyclable Solid Base Catalyst
Authors: Nishimura Shun , Takagaki Atsushi , Ebitani Kohki 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Magnetically separable Mg–Al hydrotalcite was prepared by titration method in various molar ratios of (Mg + Al) to Fe, and we compared their catalytic behavior for epoxidation of 2-cyclohexen-1-one using hydrogen peroxide. The catalyst was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), and inductively coupled plasma (ICP). The FeHT100 (ratio of (Mg + Al) to Fe = 100) showed high activity and selectivity in epoxidation of 2-cyclohexen-1-one with hydrogen peroxide. After magnetic separation, FeHT100 kept superior properties and could be reused for four reactions without loss of activity.
Normative values of substance P and neurokinin A in neonates
Authors: Wong C Mae , Boyle Elaine M , Stephen Rhona I , Smith John , Stenson Benjamin J , McIntosh Neil , Laing Ian A 
Published: June 2010

Background Substance P (SP) and neurokinin A (NKA) are neuropeptides that have been researched as pain markers in adults, as they are involved in transmission and modulation of pain signals. There is a potential role for them as neurochemical markers of pain in neonates, but this has never previously been investigated. Aim To establish normative values of SP and NKA in neonates. Methods Longitudinal once-daily morning blood samples were collected over two weeks from 142 neonates, gestation 23–40 weeks. Peptides were extracted, and then quantified using an in-house radioimmunoassay. Infants with presumed painful conditions were excluded. Results SP concentrations ranged from <0.98 to 11.2 pmol/L (median 1.7 pmol/L) and NKA concentrations from <1.95 to 74.6 pmol/L (median 6.0 pmol/L). Gestation and birth weight had no significant correlation with peptide concentrations. Postnatally, there was a gradual rise in median SP during the first three days, which decreased again by day 14. Median NKA showed a similar rise, but was not statistically significant. This postnatal rise and fall were more apparent in preterm infants ≤32 weeks gestation. Conclusions This is the first description of normative values of SP and NKA in neonates. SP and NKA show changes with postnatal age, which are more marked in preterm infants.
Removal of deep extremity implants in children
Authors: Davids J. R. , Hydorn C. , Dillingham C. , Hardin J. W. , Pugh L. I. 
Published: June 2010

We have reviewed our experience of the removal of deep extremity orthopaedic implants in children to establish the nature, rate and risk of complications associated with this procedure. A retrospective review was performed of 801 children who had 1223 implants inserted and subsequently removed over a period of 17 years. Bivariate analysis of possible predictors including clinical factors, complications associated with implant insertion and indications for removal and the complications encountered at removal was performed. A logistical regression model was then constructed using those predictors which were significantly associated with surgical complications from the bivariate analyses. Odds ratios estimated in the logistical regression models were converted to risk ratios. The overall rate of complications after removal of the implant was 12.5% (100 complications in 801 patients), with 48 (6.0%) major and 52 (6.5%) minor. Children with a complication after insertion of the initial implant or with a non-elective indication for removal, a neuromuscular disease associated with a seizure disorder or a neuromuscular disease in those unable to walk, had a significantly greater chance of having a major complication after removal of the implant. Children with all four of these predictors were 14.6 times more likely to have a major complication.