bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inpatient healthcare trends among adult cystic fibrosis patients in the U.S.
Authors: Kopp Benjamin T. , Wang Wei , Chisolm Deena J. , Kelleher Kelly J. , McCoy Karen S. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackgroundAdult cystic fibrosis (CF) patients are an expanding cohort that is taken care of in a variety of hospital settings including adult centers located within pediatric institutions. This study compared costs and discharge rates among adult CF patient hospitalizations in terms of location of hospitalization.MethodsThe 2007 Nationwide Inpatient Sample was utilized to identify adult CF patient admission data on patients aged 18–44. Data were separated into pediatric and adult facilities based on percentage discharge rate for patients >18. Primary outcomes measures were length of stay (LOS) and total hospital charges. Secondary predictors were geographic, primary payer, and co‐morbidity effects on LOS and total hospital charges.ResultsLOS was higher for adult CF patient admissions in pediatric facilities compared to adult facilities by a mean of 2.5 days. Mean total hospital charges were not significantly different. Adult hospitals in the Western U.S. had a mean total charge more than $50,000 greater than any region in the U.S. Self‐pay patients had significantly fewer hospital days and charges across all hospital types. Adult facilities had 7% more CF patients discharged home with home healthcare use. Depressed CF patients had longer LOS by 1.5 days regardless of facility type.ConclusionsLOS for adult CF inpatient admissions was significantly lower in adult facilities compared to pediatric facilities without a significant difference in hospital charges and is influenced by geographic hospital location. Depressed patients had longer lengths of stay regardless of facility type. Self‐insured adult CF patients have a significant reduction in LOS and hospital charges when compared to all other payers regardless of hospital type. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012; 47:245–251. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Infection with multiple viruses is not associated with increased disease severity in children with bronchiolitis
Authors: Brand H. Kim , de Groot Ronald , Galama Joep M.D. , Brouwer Marianne L. , Teuwen Karin , Hermans Peter W.M. , Melchers Willem J.G. , Warris Adilia 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe clinical relevance of parallel detection of multiple viruses by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) remains unclear. This study evaluated the association between the detection of multiple viruses by RT‐PCR and disease severity in children with bronchiolitis.MethodsChildren less than 2 years of age with clinical symptoms of bronchiolitis were prospectively included during three winter seasons. Patients were categorized in three groups based on disease severity; mild (no supportive treatment), moderate (supplemental oxygen and/or nasogastric feeding), and severe (mechanical ventilation). Multiplex RT‐PCR of 15 respiratory viruses was performed on nasopharyngeal aspirates.ResultsIn total, 142 samples were obtained. Respiratory Syncytial virus (RSV) was the most commonly detected virus (73%) followed by rhinovirus (RV) (30%). In 58 samples (41%) more than one virus was detected, of which 41% was a dual infection with RSV and RV. In RSV infected children younger than 3 months, disease severity was not associated with the number of detected viruses. Remarkably, in children older than 3 months we found an association between more severe disease and RSV mono‐infections.ConclusionDisease severity in children with bronchiolitis is not associated with infection by multiple viruses. We conclude that other factors, such as age, contribute to disease severity to a larger extent. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012; 47:393–400. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A novel method for protein–protein interaction site prediction using phylogenetic substitution models
Authors: La David , Kihara Daisuke 
Published: September 2011

AbstractProtein–protein binding events mediate many critical biological functions in the cell. Typically, functionally important sites in proteins can be well identified by considering sequence conservation. However, protein–protein interaction sites exhibit higher sequence variation than other functional regions, such as catalytic sites of enzymes. Consequently, the mutational behavior leading to weak sequence conservation poses significant challenges to the protein–protein interaction site prediction. Here, we present a phylogenetic framework to capture critical sequence variations that favor the selection of residues essential for protein–protein binding. Through the comprehensive analysis of diverse protein families, we show that protein binding interfaces exhibit distinct amino acid substitution as compared with other surface residues. On the basis of this analysis, we have developed a novel method, BindML, which utilizes the substitution models to predict protein–protein binding sites of protein with unknown interacting partners. BindML estimates the likelihood that a phylogenetic tree of a local surface region in a query protein structure follows the substitution patterns of protein binding interface and nonbinding surfaces. BindML is shown to perform well compared to alternative methods for protein binding interface prediction. The methodology developed in this study is very versatile in the sense that it can be generally applied for predicting other types of functional sites, such as DNA, RNA, and membrane binding sites in proteins. Proteins 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Studying molecular quantum dynamics with the multiconfiguration time‐dependent Hartree method
Authors: Meyer Hans‐Dieter 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis review covers the multiconfiguration time‐dependent Hartree (MCTDH) method, which is a powerful and general algorithm for solving the time‐dependent Schrödinger equation. The formal derivation is discussed as well as applications of the method. Recent extensions of MCTDH are treated in brief, namely, MCTDHB and MCTDHF, for treating identical particles (bosons and fermions), and the very powerful multilayer (ML‐MCTDH) formalism. Compact representations of potential energy surfaces (PESs) are also discussed, as the representation of a PES becomes a major bottleneck when going to larger systems (nine or more dimensions) while employing a full‐dimensional, complicated, and nonseparable PES. As applications of MCTDH, we discuss the calculation of photoionization and photoexcitation spectra of the vibronically coupled systems butatriene and pyrazine, respectively, and the infra‐red spectrum of the Zundel cation (protonated water dimer) H5O+2. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This article is categorized under:

Theoretical and Physical Chemistry > Reaction Dynamics and Kinetics
Conservative and Surgical Treatment of Acute Posttraumatic Tracheobronchial Injuries
Authors: Carretta Angelo , Melloni Giulio , Bandiera Alessandro , Negri Giampiero , Voci Carlopietro , Zannini Piero 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackgroundAcute posttraumatic tracheobronchial lesions are rare events associated with significant morbidity and mortality. They are caused by blunt and penetrating trauma, or they are iatrogenic, appearing after intubation or tracheotomy. Although surgery has traditionally been considered the treatment of choice for these injuries, recent reports show that conservative treatment can be effective in selected patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of surgical and conservative management of these lesions, differentiated on the basis of clinical and endoscopic criteria.MethodsFrom January 1993 to October 2010, a total of 50 patients with acute posttraumatic tracheobronchial lesions were referred for treatment to our department. In all, 36 patients had iatrogenic injuries of the airway, and 14 had lesions resulting from blunt or penetrating trauma.ResultsOf the 30 patients who underwent surgery, the lesion was repaired with interrupted absorbable sutures in 29; the remaining patient, with an associated tracheoesophageal fistula, underwent single‐stage tracheal resection and reconstruction and closure of the fistula. In all, 20 patients were treated conservatively: clinical observation in 5 patients, airway decompression with a mini‐tracheotomy cannula in 4 spontaneously breathing patients, and tracheotomy with the cuff positioned distal to the lesion in 11 mechanically ventilated patients. One surgical and one conservatively‐managed patient died after treatment (4% overall mortality). Complete recovery and healing were achieved in all the remaining patients.ConclusionsSurgery remains the treatment of choice for posttraumatic lesions of the airway. However, conservative treatment based on strict clinical and endoscopic criteria—stable vital signs; effective ventilation; no esophageal injuries, signs of sepsis, or evidence of major communication with the mediastinal space—enables favorable results to be achieved in selected patients.
Distal Pancreatectomy with Celiac Axis Resection for Carcinoma of the Body and Tail of the Pancreas
Authors: Takahashi Yu , Kaneoka Yuji , Maeda Atsuyuki , Isogai Masatoshi 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackgroundWe retrospectively investigated our experiences with distal pancreatectomy with celiac axis resection (DP‐CAR) for locally advanced pancreatic cancer and compared the operative outcome and long‐term survival between DP‐CAR and standard distal pancreatectomy (DP). Although several authors reported that DP‐CAR increases resectability rates, the long‐term results of this operation are not clear, and there are few reports presenting a comparison of the short‐ and long‐term results between DP‐CAR and DP.MethodsFrom 1993 to 2010, 43 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma of the body or tail of the pancreas underwent a macroscopically curative resection (R0/1). Sixteen patients underwent DP‐CAR and 27 patients underwent DP. No DP‐CAR patients underwent any preoperative coil embolization of the common hepatic artery (CHA) to stimulate the development of collateral pathways from the superior mesenteric artery. The perioperative and histopathologic parameters and survival data were analyzed to compare the two operations.ResultsThere was no difference in mean operative time, mean blood loss, postoperative mortality, and morbidity between DP‐CAR and DP. The rates of morbidity and in‐hospital mortality of DP‐CAR were 56 and 6%, respectively. In DP‐CAR, 15 patients did not require reconstruction of the hepatic artery and no hepatic infarctions were clinically encountered after surgery. The estimated overall 1‐ and 3‐year survival rates in patients who underwent DP‐CAR were 42.6 and 25.6%, respectively, and their survival time was significantly less than that of patients who underwent DP (median survival time: 9.7 vs. 30.9 months, P = 0.033). The R1 resection rates of these groups were 44% in DP‐CAR and 22% in DP, respectively.ConclusionDP‐CAR is a safe and rational procedure for locally advanced pancreatic cancer without preoperative embolization of the CHA. Although the short‐term results were equivalent to that for DP, DP‐CAR did not improve the long‐term survival because of the high rate of R1 resection at present.
Sport participation of the elderly—the role of gender, age, and social class
Authors: Tischer Ulrike , Hartmann-Tews Ilse , Combrink Claudia 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
The article provides an overview of the results of cross-sectional and longitudinal data sets concerning sport participation of the elderly in Germany with a focus on correlations of sport participation with gender, age, and social class. A tabular overview lists the most central studies with their study design and publications from 2000 onwards. Findings regarding the motivations for sport participation of the elderly, the types of sport which are done, and the preferred settings are summarized. Eventually a conclusion is given about “what we know and what we don’t know.”
Clinical Use of Cyclosporine as an Adjunctive Therapy in the Management of Feline Idiopathic Pure Red Cell Aplasia
Authors: Viviano Katrina R , Webb Julie L 
Published: September 2011

The clinical use of cyclosporine is described in a group of client-owned cats diagnosed with idiopathic pure red cell aplasia (PRCA). All 10 cats were treated with combinations of glucocorticoids and cyclosporine. Of the 10 cats, the eight for which follow-up data was available achieved and maintained remission for a median of 31 and 406 days, respectively. Therapy was reduced or discontinued in 7/8 cats; 2/7 maintained remission off therapy and 5/7 cats relapsed. Remission was reinduced in four cats, with 3/4 cats maintained long-term on low dose therapy. Adverse effects associated with cyclosporine therapy were responsive to dose reduction or drug withdrawal. Feline idiopathic PRCA was responsive to combination immunosuppressive therapy with glucocorticoids and cyclosporine. Relapse was common, particularly after drug discontinuation; therefore, most cats required maintenance long-term low dose therapy.
The role of glutathioneS-transferase M1 and T1 gene polymorphisms and fruit and vegetable consumption in antioxidant parameters in healthy subjects
Authors: Yuan Lin-Hong , Meng Li-Ping , Ma Wei-Wei , Li Sheng , Feng Jin-Fang , Yu Huan-Ling , Xiao Rong 
Published: September 2011

The correlation of glutathioneS-transferase (GST) M1/T1 genetic polymorphisms with oxidative stress-related chronic diseases was proved recently. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of GSTM1/T1 genetic polymorphisms with antioxidant biomarkers and consumption of fruits and vegetables (F&V) in healthy subjects. In this study, for conducting a 3 d dietary survey, 190 healthy adults were recruited. After DNA extraction, a multiple PCR method was used for GSTM1/T1 genotyping. A spectrophotometer method was applied for the determination of plasma total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), vitamin C level and erythrocyte GST enzyme activity. A general linear model was used to compare the mean values of antioxidant parameters for different GSTM1/T1 genotypes and consumption of F&V. Polymorphisms of GSTM1/T1 had no effects on plasma T-AOC and vitamin C levels. Deletion of the GSTM1 gene decreased the erythrocyte GST activity. There was correlation between plasma T-AOC and consumption of F&V in the GSTM1−or GSTT1+subjects. A similar pattern was evident for erythrocyte GST activity in the GSTM1−subjects. No association was found among consumption of F&V and GSTM1/T1 genotypes and plasma vitamin C level. Different consumption of F&V had no impact on plasma T-AOC and vitamin C levels in the GSTM1−/GSTT1+or GSTM1−/GSTT1−subjects. The erythrocyte GST activity was more sensitive to consumption of F&V in the individuals with the GSTM1−/GSTT1+genotype. Association was found among GSTM1/T1 genotypes, antioxidant parameters and consumption of F&V. Large-scale and multiple ethnic studies are needed to further evaluate the relationship.
Plasma appearance and disappearance of an oral dose of 25-hydroxyvitamin D2in healthy adults
Authors: Jones Kerry S. , Schoenmakers Inez , Bluck Les J. C. , Ding Shujing , Prentice Ann 
Published: September 2011

25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) half-life is a potential biomarker for investigating vitamin D metabolism and requirements. We performed a pilot study to assess the approach and practical feasibility of measuring 25(OH)D half-life after an oral dose. A total of twelve healthy Gambian men aged 18–23 years were divided into two groups to investigate the rate and timing of (1) absorption and (2) plasma disappearance after an 80 nmol oral dose of 25(OH)D2. Fasting blood samples were collected at baseline and, in the first group, every 2 h post-dose for 12 h, at 24 h, 48 h and on day 15. In the second group, fasting blood samples were collected on days 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 and 21. Urine was collected for 2 h after the first morning void at baseline and on day 15. 25(OH)D2plasma concentration was measured by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem MS/MS and corrected for baseline. Biomarkers of vitamin D, Ca and P metabolism were measured at baseline and on day 15. The peak plasma concentration of 25(OH)D2was 9·6 (sd0·9) nmol/l at 4·4 (sd1·8) h. The terminal slope of 25(OH)D2disappearance was identified to commence from day 6. The terminal half-life of plasma 25(OH)D2was 13·4 (sd2·7) d. There were no significant differences in plasma 25(OH)D3, total 1,25(OH)2D, parathyroid hormone, P, Ca and ionised Ca and urinary Ca and P between baseline and day 15 and between the two groups. The present study provides data on the plasma response to oral 25(OH)D2that will underpin and contribute to the further development of studies to investigate 25(OH)D half-life.
Don't sue the surgeon: remineralisation of the skull base or a defect that never existed?
Authors: Hopkins C , Dhillon S , Rogers G , Roberts D 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIntroduction:Intracranial complications are recognised as rare, but serious, sequelae of endoscopic sinus surgery.Case report:A 56-year-old woman was referred after developing meningitis following elective functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Computed tomography demonstrated a significant defect of the skull base in the right posterior ethmoid, clearly visible on both coronal and sagittal sections. Operative exploration demonstrated the skull base to be intact in the posterior ethmoid area identified on the scan, and the overlying mucosa appeared undisturbed. Scans were reviewed in the light of operative findings; coronal and sagittal images were found to be reconstructions. Directly acquired coronal computed tomography, undertaken three weeks after surgery, demonstrated a complete bony plate in the right posterior ethmoid at the site previously identified as dehiscent.Discussion and conclusion:We speculate that the posterior ethmoid defect was actually an artefact of reconstruction. We cannot exclude the alternative possibility of remineralisation, but given the time frame this seems unlikely. This case highlights the need for caution when interpreting reconstructed images of the thin bony plates of the skull base and lamina papyracea, as regards both clinical significance and medicolegal reporting. While virtual defects have been reported in the superior semicircular canals as a result of reconstructed images, we believe this to be the first reported case demonstrating a similar problem in the anterior skull base.
Cannabis and cognitive performance in psychosis: a cross-sectional study in patients with non-affective psychotic illness and their unaffected siblings
Authors: Meijer J. H. , Dekker N. , Koeter M. W. , Quee P. J. , van Beveren N. J. M. , Meijer C. J. ,   Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis (GROUP) Investigators
Published: September 2011

BackgroundThe relationship between cannabis use and cognitive functioning in patients with psychosis has yielded contradictory findings. In individuals at genetic high risk for psychosis, information is sparse. The aim of this study was to assess the association between recency and frequency of cannabis use and cognitive functioning in patients with psychosis and their unaffected siblings.MethodWe conducted a cross-sectional study in 956 patients with non-affective psychosis, 953 unaffected siblings, and 554 control subjects. Participants completed a cognitive test battery including assessments of verbal learning, set shifting, sustained attention, processing speed, working memory, acquired knowledge, reasoning and problem solving and social cognition. Cannabis use was assessed by urinalysis and by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Using random-effect regression models the main effects of cannabis (recency and frequency) and the interaction with status (patient, sibling, control) on cognitive functioning were assessed.ResultsCurrent cannabis use was associated with poorer performance on immediate verbal learning, processing speed and working memory (Cohen's d −0.20 to −0.33, p<0.005). Lifetime cannabis use was associated with better performance on acquired knowledge, facial affect recognition and face identity recognition (Cohen's d+0.17 to +0.33, p<0.005). There was no significant interaction between cannabis and status on cognitive functioning.ConclusionsLifetime cannabis-using individuals might constitute a subgroup with a higher cognitive potential. The residual effects of cannabis may impair short-term memory and processing speed.
Long term stability of White-necked Picathartes population in south-east Sierra Leone
Authors: MONTICELLI DAVID , SIAKA ALHAJI , BUCHANAN GRAEME M. , WOTTON SIMON , MORRIS TONY , WARDILL JIM C. , LINDSELL JEREMY A. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryWhite-necked PicathartesPicathartes gymnocephalusis a globally ‘Vulnerable’ bird endemic to the highly threatened Upper Guinea forests in West Africa. In an environment under a high level of threat, the high breeding site fidelity (or breeding site persistence) of this species enables long term monitoring of colony site occupancy, colony size and other breeding parameters, which provide multiple indicators of population status. We surveyed known colony sites and searched for new sites in three recent breeding seasons in order to assess the current population status in the most important part of their range in Sierra Leone, the Gola Forest. We found 157 active nests at 40 colonies, equating to at least 314 adult birds. Less than half of the known colonies were protected by the Gola Forest Reserve. Colonies outside the reserve tended to be confined to larger rocks and subject to disturbance from human activities in close proximity, but did not have fewer active nests in them. Colonies outside the reserve were also more likely to be inactive in a given year whereas all colonies inside the reserve were active in every survey year. A predictive distribution model indicated that the survey region could have as many as 234 nests equating to at least 468 breeding birds. There was no evidence that mean colony size had declined since surveys undertaken in the 1980s and 1990s but it was not possible to compare colony abandonment rates inside and outside the reserve over that time period. Clutch and brood sizes were similar in each year, though brood size appeared slightly lower in the third survey year possibly because of a slightly later survey date. Mean clutch and brood sizes reported during the study period were similar to those found in the 1980s and 1990s. We conclude that the population of White-necked Picathartes in the Gola Forest area has been relatively stable over the last two decades, reflecting both the efficacy of protection afforded by the Gola Forest Reserve and presumably low pressure to farm new areas in the nearby community forest. However, regular monitoring of colonies both inside and outside the reserve is required to detect any systematic impact on the birds as pressure for land increases.