bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Validation of a Numerical Model of Rolling with Cyclic Horizontal Movement of Rolls
Authors: Milenin A. , Grosman F. , Madej L. , Pawlicki J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe development of a numerical model capable of simulating the forming processes characterized by additional reversible movement of tools is the subject of this paper. The major assumption of this process is the introduction of additional shear stresses into the material in order to induce the strain path change effect. The scope of the problem is very broad, so the focus in the present work is on the process of flat rolling with additional oscillatory movement of rolls along their axes. Due to the sophisticated nature of this process particular attention is paid to the reduction in computational time by minimizing the number of required finite elements. The developed model is used to study differences in material behaviour during rolling with different roll velocities. A detailed description of the developed numerical model and examples of obtained results are presented in this paper. A comparison with experimental analysis is presented, as well.
Characterization of the Austenite Recrystallization by Comparing Double Deformation and Stress Relaxation Tests
Authors: Vervynckt S. , Verbeken K. , Thibaux P. , Houbaert Y. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA high amount of deformation below the non‐recrystallization temperature (Tnr) is a common industrial practice to achieve a good combination of toughness and strength in microalloyed steels. To combine the industrially relevant optimum combination of high productivity and product quality, an accurate knowledge of Tnr and the recrystallization kinetics is required. Although a lot of literature data is available on the recrystallization behaviour of microalloyed steels, correlations are often difficult to be made due to the effect of different experimental setups, types of analysis and test schedules that are used to obtain this data. Although this would significantly improve the knowledge about these steels, so far, no systematic comparison has been presented in literature to correlate the different techniques and methods. In this study, different hot rolling simulation techniques, testing schedules and types of analysis were used to determine the recrystallization kinetics of a microalloyed steel. On the one hand, good agreement was found between the results from different test equipment for the double deformations tests. On the other hand, stress relaxation tests showed accelerated kinetics and appeared to be less effective.
Analyzing the Fluid Flow in Continuous Casting through Evolutionary Neural Nets and Multi‐Objective Genetic Algorithms
Authors: Govindan Deepak , Chakraborty Suman , Chakraborti Nirupam 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe flow fields computed for a typical continuous caster are analysed using the basic concepts of Pareto‐optimality in the context of multi‐objective optimization. The data generated by the flow solver FLUENT™ are trained through Evolutionary Neural Networks that emerged through a Pareto‐tradeoff between the complexity of the network and its accuracy of training. A number of objectives constructed this way are subjected to optimization using a Multi‐objective Predator‐Prey Genetic Algorithm. The procedure is repeated using the software modeFRONTIER™ and the results are compared and analysed.
Heat Transfer Modelling of a Blast Furnace Hearth
Authors: Swartling M. , Sundelin B. , Tilliander A. , Jönsson P. G. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis paper describes the development of a heat transfer model with the purpose of studying the heat flows in the hearth of an operating blast furnace. Temperature profiles were calculated for a period of time to study the transition from steady blast furnace operation to an unsteady period, and back to a steady period. This total time period had the highest lining temperatures registered since the beginning of the current campaign. It was concluded that no part of the lining had an inner temperature higher than the critical temperature of 1150 °C. Thus, no refractory could have been in direct contact with slag or iron. The corner between the wall and the bottom was identified to be the most sensitive part of the lining. It is suggested that thermocouples are installed in this area, to improve the temperature control.
Tower Centre International building in Bucharest Part II: Performance‐based seismic evaluation and robustness
Authors: Dubina Dan , Dinu Florea , Stratan Aurel 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis paper describes the design and construction of a high‐rise steel building in Bucharest. The steel structure was designed according to the recently adopted Eurocodes and its performance was investigated using advanced techniques, including seismic performance‐based methodology and wind tunnel tests. Robustness under extreme loading conditions was also investigated. The ECCS awarded the project a European Steel Design Award in 2007.
First guideline for the continued operation of wind turbines
Authors: Faber Torsten , Hansen Klaus 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWind turbines are designed and certified for a period of 20 years. The turbines of the first generation have now reached that age. What is going to happen to these wind turbines? Do they measure up to the most up‐to‐date technology? Can they continue to be operated or do they have to be scrapped? The publication of the internationally valid “Guideline for the Continued Operation of Wind Turbines” by Germanischer Lloyd offers owners and operators of wind turbines, insurance companies, creditors, manufacturers and building authorities support in answering these questions. This article provides an introduction to the background and content of the new “Guideline for the Continued Operation of Wind Turbines” and concludes with a brief look at the prospects and the latest experiences of Germanischer Lloyd since the publication of the Guideline.
Influence of chronic bromocriptine and levodopa administration on cerebral type 1 cannabinoid receptor binding
Authors: Casteels Cindy , Vanbilloen Bert , Vercammen Dorien , Bosier Barbara , Lambert Didier M. , Bormans Guy , Van Laere Koen 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectives:The endocannabinoid system is an important modulatory system in the brain. Complex interactions with brain dopaminergic circuits have been demonstrated. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vivo effect of the commonly used antiparkinsonian drugs, levodopa (L‐DOPA) and bromocriptine, on type 1 cannabinoid (CB1) receptors, using the PET radioligand [18F]MK‐9470.Experimental approach:Seventeen female Wistar rats were studied at baseline and after chronic exposure to either L‐DOPA (6 mg/kg/day with 1.5 mg/kg/day carbidopa; n = 6), bromocriptine (4 mg/kg/day; n = 5), or saline (n = 6). [18F]MK‐9470 binding was assessed in vivo using small animal PET imaging. [18F]MK‐9470 parametric images were generated, anatomically standardized to Paxinos space and analyzed by voxel‐based statistical parametric mapping (SPM2) and a predefined volume‐of‐interest (VOI) approach.Results:In a 2 × 2 analysis design (condition vs. treatment), no significant changes in absolute or relative [18F]MK‐9470 binding were present upon chronic exposure to L‐DOPA or bromocriptine as compared to saline treatment. The post hoc comparison of chronic scans to baseline within each treatment modality showed regional increases in relative [18F]MK‐9470 binding in the thalamus (peak average value +6.3%) and in the sensorimotor cortex and hippocampus (peak average value +10.2%) after bromocriptine exposure, while no changes were found for L‐DOPA.Conclusion:Chronic administration of L‐DOPA and bromocriptine at the applied doses does not produce major cerebral changes in in vivo cannabinoid CB1 receptor binding of [18F]MK‐9470 in the rat brain. These results also suggest that similar chronic L‐DOPA and bromocriptine usage is unlikely to interfere with human PET imaging in healthy conditions using this radioligand. Synapse 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
D2 receptor occupancy in conscious rat brain is not significantly distinguished with [3H]‐MNPA, [3H]‐(+)‐PHNO, and [3H]‐raclopride
Authors: Peng Teng , Zysk John , Dorff Peter , Elmore Charles S. , Ström Peter , Malmquist Jonas , Ding Min , Tuke David , Werkheiser Jennifer , Widzowski Dan , Mrzljak Ladislav , Maier Donna 
Published: March 2010

AbstractPositron emission tomography (PET) antagonist ligands such as [11C]‐raclopride are commonly used to study dopamine D2 receptor (D2) binding of antipsychotics. It has been suggested that agonist radioligands bind preferentially to the high‐affinity state of D2 receptor and may provide a more relevant means of assessing D2 occupancy. The main objective of this study was to determine if D2 receptor occupancy (RO) could be differentiated with agonist and antagonist radioligands in vivo. Agonist radioligands [3H]‐MNPA and [3H]‐(+)‐PHNO were synthesized and compared to antagonist [3H]‐raclopride in the in vitro binding and in vivo occupancy studies. In vivo, unanesthetized rats were pretreated with quinpirole (full agonist), aripiprazole (partial agonist), or haloperidol (antagonist) prior to administration of the agonist or antagonist radioligand. All three pretreatment compounds showed equivalent dose‐dependent D2 receptor occupancy in the rat striatum with each radioligand. The in vivo receptor occupancy results suggested that the binding of quinpirole, aripiprazole, and haloperidol to the high or low affinity state of the D2 receptor could not be differentiated using radiolabeled agonists or antagonists, presumably due to a predominance of high affinity states of the D2 receptor in vivo. This hypothesis was supported in part by the in vitro binding results. Our in vitro results show that [3H]‐MNPA binds to D2S transfected CHO cell membranes at a single high affinity site. Displacement of [3H]‐(+)‐PHNO binding by quinpirole and elimination of most [3H]‐(+)‐PHNO binding by the guanine nucleotide GppNHp in striatal membranes suggest that the majority of D2 in striatal tissue is G‐protein coupled. Together, these findings suggest that D2 agonist radioligands produce in vivo receptor occupancy comparable to [3H]‐raclopride. Synapse, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rapid phasic activity of ventral pallidal neurons during cocaine self‐administration
Authors: Root David H. , Fabbricatore Anthony T. , Ma Sisi , Barker David J. , West Mark O. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractLittle is known regarding the involvement of the ventral pallidum (VP) in cocaine‐seeking behavior, in contrast with considerable documentation of the involvement of its major afferent, the nucleus accumbens, over the past thirty years utilizing electrophysiology, lesion, inactivation, molecular, imaging, and other approaches. The VP is neuroanatomically positioned to integrate signals projected from the nucleus accumbens, basolateral amygdala, and ventral tegmental area. In turn, VP projects to thalamoprefrontal, subthalamic, and mesencephalic dopamine regions having widespread influence across mesolimbic, mesocortical, and nigrostriatal systems. Prior lesion studies have implicated VP in cocaine‐seeking behavior, but the electrophysiological mechanisms underlying this behavior in the VP have not been investigated. In the present investigation, following 2 weeks of training over which animals increased drug intake, VP phasic activity comprised rapid‐phasic increases or decreases in firing rate during the seconds prior to and/or following cocaine‐reinforced responses, similar to those found in accumbens. As a population, the direction (increasing or decreasing) and magnitude of firing rate changes were normally distributed suggesting that ventral striatopallidal processing is heterogeneous. Since changes in firing rate around the cocaine‐reinforced lever press occurred in animals that escalated drug intake prior to neuronal recordings, a marker of “addiction‐like behavior” in the rat, the present experiment provides novel support for a role of VP in drug‐seeking behavior. This is especially important given that pallidothalamic and pallidomesencephalic VP projections are positioned to alter dopaminoceptive targets such as the medial prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, and dorsal striatum, all of which have roles in cocaine self‐administration. Synapse 64:704–713, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Methamphetamine‐induced up‐regulation of α2/δ subunit of voltage‐gated calcium channels is regulated by DA receptors
Authors: Kurokawa Kazuhiro , Shibasaki Masahiro , Ohkuma Seitaro 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis study was carried out to determine the roles of dopamine D1 and D2 receptors on the up‐regulation of α2/δ subunit of voltage‐gated Ca2+channels (VGCCs) induced by methamphetamine (METH). In the conditioned place preference paradigm, METH‐induced place preference suppressed with gabapentin, an antagonist for α2/δ subunit. Under these conditions, the increase in α2/δ subunit expression was found in the frontal cortex and limbic forebrain. In addition, the METH‐induced place preference was significantly attenuated by dopamine D1 and D2 receptor antagonists, SCH23390 and sulpiride, respectively. The expression of α2/δ subunit protein and its mRNA was significantly enhanced in the METH‐treated cortical neurons. These increases in protein and mRNA of α2/δ subunit were completely abolished by SCH23390 and sulpiride with simultaneous exposure to METH. These findings indicate that up‐regulation of α2/δ subunit is regulated through the activation of dopamine D1 and D2 receptors during METH treatment. Synapse 64:822–828, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Orofacial movements in phospholipase C‐related catalytically inactive protein‐1/2 double knockout mice: Effect of the GABAergic agent diazepam and the D1 dopamine receptor agonist SKF 83959
Authors: Tomiyama Katsunori , Song Liqiu , Kobayashi Masayuki , Kinsella Anthony , Kanematsu Takashi , Hirata Masato , Koshikawa Noriaki , Waddington John L. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractOrofacial movements are regulated by D1‐like dopamine receptors interacting with additional mechanisms. Phospholipase C‐related catalytically inactive protein (PRIP) regulates cell surface expression of GABAA receptors containing a γ2 subunit. Mutant mice with double knockout of PRIP‐1 and PRIP‐2 were used to investigate aspects of GABAergic regulation of orofacial movements and interactions with D1 mechanisms. Vertical jaw movements, tongue protrusions and movements of the head and vibrissae were reduced in PRIP‐1/2 double knockouts. The GABAAergic agent diazepam reduced movements of the head and vibrissae; these effects were unaltered in PRIP‐1/2 double knockouts. The D1‐like agonist SKF 83959 induced vertical jaw movements, incisor chattering, and movements of the head and vibrissae that were unaltered in PRIP‐1/2 double knockouts. However, SKF 83959‐induced tongue protrusions were reduced in PRIP‐1/2 double knockouts. PRIP‐mediated regulation of GABAAergic receptor mechanisms influences topographically distinct aspects of orofacial movement and interacts with D1 receptor systems. Synapse 64:714–720, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Since we seem to agree, why are the outcomes so difficult to achieve?
Authors: Rhodes Terry 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThere is mounting evidence from faculty and employers that a broad set of skills and abilities are essential for student success as graduates, citizens, and employees. The traditional approach to general education with an emphasis on exposure to a menu of knowledge no longer suffices. Graduates need to be able to integrate their learning, apply it in real‐world settings, and use it to address complex and unscripted problems. Examining the emergent research on student learning and key factors that deepen and enhance learning in essential areas for all students at our institutions leads us to developing new modes of measuring and assessing for learning among our students. One such new approach, the VALUE project, using rubrics and portfolios of student work, is described and discussed as a way to engage students in assessing their own leaning, while giving faculty useful information, and institutions reportable results for accountability.
Building an integrated student learning outcomes assessment for general education: Three case studies
Authors: Galle Jo K. , Galle Jeffery 
Published: March 2010

AbstractUsing experiences from three institutions, the authors describe a three‐stage process for designing an integrated general education program that takes into account institutional differences. The three stages are (1) establishing initial discussions that lead to alignment of key university SLOs with key general education SLOs, (2) training and workshopping with faculty groups and administrators whose first task usually is to work with the key general education outcomes and select the appropriate measures for them, and (3) training and workshopping with faculty groups who teach the junior and senior courses that most majors take (the required courses, or courses such as senior capstones) to develop and establish course‐embedded assessment in the assessment plans of the degree programs.
Discourse processing—examining our everyday language experiences
Authors: Sparks Jesse R. , Rapp David N. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractStudies of discourse processing focus on the ways in which readers and listeners comprehend language. The linguistic segments of interest to the field tend to be larger than sound, word, or sentence‐level units; they include the books and conversational communications that comprise our everyday cognitive and social interactions. The current review focuses on discourse comprehension (specifically text processing), highlighting three core issues of primary interest to the research field. First, we outline the particular elements that make up naturalistic discourse activity. Second, we identify potential interactions among the elements, and how investigations of these interactions have resulted in influential frameworks for the field. Finally, we examine contemporary work (both theoretical and applied) that might further enhance current accounts of discourse processing. As appropriate, the review includes references to relevant empirical research outlining the processes that guide, and are guided by, our discourse experiences. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This article is categorized under:

Psychology > Language
There is a steady‐state transcriptome in exponentially growing yeast cells
Authors: Pelechano Vicent , Pérez‐Ortín José E. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe growth of yeast cells in batches in glucose‐based media is a standard condition in most yeast laboratories. Most gene expression experiments are done by taking this condition as a reference. Presumably, cells are in a stable physiological condition that can be easily reproduced in other laboratories. With this assumption, however, it is necessary to consider that the average amount of the mRNAs per cell for most genes does not change during exponential growth. That is to say, there is a steady‐state condition for the transcriptome. However, this has not been rigorously demonstrated to date. In this work we take several cell samples during the exponential phase growth to perform a kinetic study using the genomic run‐on (GRO) technique, which allows simultaneous measurement of the amount of mRNA and transcription rate variation at the genomic level. We show here that the steady‐state condition is fulfilled for almost all the genes during most exponential growth in yeast extract–peptone–dextrose medium (YPD) and, therefore, that simultaneous measures of the transcription rates and the amounts of mRNA can be used for indirect mRNA stability calculations. With this kinetic approach, we were also able to determine the relative influence of the transcription rate and the mRNA stability changes for the mRNA variation for those genes that deviate from the steady state. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A quantitative model for mRNA translation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: You Tao , Coghill George M , Brown Alistair J. P. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractMessenger RNA (mRNA) translation is an essential step in eukaryotic gene expression that contributes to the regulation of this process. We describe a deterministic model based on ordinary differential equations that describe mRNA translation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This model, which was parameterized using published data, was developed to examine the kinetic behaviour of translation initiation factors in response to amino acid availability. The model predicts that the abundance of the eIF1–eIF3–eIF5 complex increases under amino acid starvation conditions, suggesting a possible auxiliary role for these factors in modulating translation initiation in addition to the known mechanisms involving eIF2. Our analyses of the robustness of the mRNA translation model suggest that individual cells within a randomly generated population are sensitive to external perturbations (such as changes in amino acid availability) through Gcn2 signalling. However, the model predicts that individual cells exhibit robustness against internal perturbations (such as changes in the abundance of translation initiation factors and kinetic parameters). Gcn2 appears to enhance this robustness within the system. These findings suggest a trade‐off between the robustness and performance of this biological network. The model also predicts that individual cells exhibit considerable heterogeneity with respect to their absolute translation rates, due to random internal perturbations. Therefore, averaging the kinetic behaviour of cell populations probably obscures the dynamic robustness of individual cells. This highlights the importance of single‐cell measurements for evaluating network properties. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dimethylphosphinato and Dimethylarsinato Complexes of Palladium(II), [Pd(Me2PO2)2]3 and Pd(Me2AsO2)2, and their Adducts
Authors: Ioannou Panayiotis V. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe complexes [Pd(Me2PO2)2]3 and Pd(Me2AsO2)2 were prepared from the corresponding acids and palladium(II) acetate. Their structures were deduced by IR and NMR spectroscopy. Addition of pyridine and 2,2′‐bipyridine to [Pd(Me2PO2)2]3 gave the adducts Pd(Me2PO2)2py2 and Pd(Me2PO2)2bipy, which were characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Addition of nicotinic acid and nicotinamide in water gave the adducts Pd(Me2PO2)2L2, whereas in methanol the adducts Pd(Me2PO2)2L were obtained. The cacodylate containing complex formed the adducts Pd(Me2AsO2)2py and Pd(Me2AsO2)2bipy1/2, which are unstable in CDCl3. Triphenylphosphine deoxygenated both Pd(Me2MO2)2 complexes, but the palladium(II) containing products could not be isolated. The expected Pd(Me2P–O)2 reacted further and gave many products, whereas the anticipated Pd(Me2As–O)2 did not bind triphenylphosphine.
Spectral analysis of a wave equation with Kelvin‐Voigt damping
Authors: Guo B.Z. , Wang J.M. , Zhang G.D. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA vibrating system with some kind of internal damping represents a distributed or passive control. In this article, a wave equation with clamped boundary conditions and internal Kelvin‐Voigt damping is considered. It is shown that the spectrum of the system operator is composed of two parts: point spectrum and continuous spectrum. The point spectrum consists of isolated eigenvalues of finite algebraic multiplicity, and the continuous spectrum that is identical to the essential spectrum is an interval on the left real axis. The asymptotic behavior of eigenvalues is presented.
A contact problem of a thermoelastic diffusion rod
Authors: Aouadi M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe consider a one‐dimensional contact problem in linear thermoelastic diffusion theory. The coupled system of equations consists of a hyperbolic equation and two parabolic equations. This problem poses new mathematical difficulties due to the nonlinear boundary conditions. The existence of a weak solution is proved by the use of Sobolev's basic space energy arguments. Moreover, we show that the weak solution converges to zero exponentially as time goes to infinity.