bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of the Environmental Audit Tool in both purpose‐built and non‐purpose‐built dementia care settings
Authors: Smith Ronald , Fleming Richard , Chenoweth Lynn , Jeon Yun‐Hee , Stein‐Parbury Jane , Brodaty Henry 
Published: August 2011

Aim:  To provide further validation of the Environmental Audit Tool (EAT) by describing data on scores from 56 facilities and comparing the scores of facilities with a purpose‐built dementia environment with those with non‐purpose‐built designs.Methods:  Fifty‐six facilities were assessed with the EAT. EAT scores for 24 purpose‐built environments were compared with 32 non‐purpose‐built environments using a Wilcoxon rank‐sum test.Results:  Descriptive data on EAT scores are presented across all facilities. Facilities scored well on safety/security, familiarity, highlighting useful stimuli and privacy. Purpose‐built unit scores were significantly higher than those for non‐purpose‐built environments for nine of 10 subscales of the EAT and the overall EAT score.Conclusion:  The EAT can assess the quality of homelike environments in residential aged care facilities for people with dementia, differentiate between the quality of design in various types of facilities and provide an evidence basis for devising improvements.
Necrotizing enterocolitis in a 16‐day‐old, term neonate
Authors: Gill Davinder 
Published: August 2011

AbstractNecrotizing enterocolitis in a term neonate is a rare presentation to the ED. Prompt diagnosis and management is critical because of its rarity and the reported mortality of 5–20%. We report a case of necrotizing enterocolitis in a term neonate who presented at 16 days of age with bloody stool.
Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Influenza in Australia: Absenteeism and redeployment of emergency medicine and nursing staff
Authors: Considine Julie , Shaban Ramon Z , Patrick Jennifer , Holzhauser Kerri , Aitken Peter , Clark Michele , Fielding Elaine , FitzGerald Gerry 
Published: August 2011

AbstractObjective: The aim of the present study was to examine the impact of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Influenza on the Australian emergency nursing and medicine workforce, specifically absenteeism and deployment.Methods: Data were collected using an online survey of 618 members of the three professional emergency medicine or emergency nursing colleges.Results: Despite significant increases in emergency demand during the Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Influenza, 56.6% of emergency nursing and medicine staff reported absenteeism of at least 1 day and only 8.5% of staff were redeployed. Staff illness with influenza‐like illness was reported by 37% of respondents, and 87% of respondents who became ill were not tested for the Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Influenza. Of the respondents who became ill, 43% (n= 79) reported missing no days of work and only 8% of respondents (n= 14) reported being absent for more than 5 days. The mean number of days away from work was 3.73 (standard deviation = 3.63). Factors anecdotally associated with staff absenteeism (caregiver responsibilities, concern about personal illness, concern about exposing family members to illness, school closures, risk of quarantine, stress and increased workload) appeared to be of little or no relevance. Redeployment was reported by 8% of respondents and the majority of redeployment was for operational reasons.Conclusion: Future research related to absenteeism, redeployment during actual pandemic events is urgently needed. Workforce data collection should be an integral part of organizational pandemic planning.
Discovery of two novel HLA‐B alleles, B*46:13:03 and B*15:189, in two Taiwanese volunteer bone marrow donors by sequence‐based typing
Authors: Yang K. L. , Lee S. K. , Lin C. C. , Jiang S. , Chiu H. M. , Lin S. , Chen Y. C. , Yang S. Y. , Jian Y. F. , Shyr M. H. , Lin C. L. , Lin P. Y. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryWe report here two novel HLA‐B alleles, B*46:13:03 and B*15:189, discovered in two Taiwanese volunteer bone marrow donors. The sequence of B*15:189 has a nucleotide sequence possibly derived from a recombination event between HLA‐B*39:01:01 and B*15:01:01:01, while the origin of the sequence B*46:13:03 was less obvious to postulate, considering the low frequency of B*46:13 in the general population and the silent mutations involved. Our report here adds further HLA polymorphism to the growing lists of HLA‐B*46 and HLA‐B*15 and provides an additional HLA information for donor search programme for patients undergoing transplant.
Contrasting Effects of Fire on Arboreal and Ground‐Dwelling Ant Communities of a Neotropical Savanna
Authors: Frizzo Tiago L. M. , Campos Ricardo I. , Vasconcelos Heraldo L. 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTAnts are a dominant group in tropical savannas and here we examined the responses of the arboreal and ground‐dwelling ant fauna to a fire in a Neotropical savanna (cerrado) reserve in Central Brazil. Ants were collected using pitfall traps and baits placed in trees and on the ground beneath each tree. Of the 36 trees marked along two transects, half (from each transect) were burned and half not. The same trees were sampled 1 wk before and again 3 and 12 mo after the fire. Rarefaction curves and ordination analyses using data from all trees from each side of each transect indicated that overall ant species richness and composition did not change after fire. Fire, however, reduced the mean number of ant species per tree, and increased the mean number of species on the ground. Fire increased the average abundance of specialist predators, Camponotini, and opportunistic species, and decreased that of arboreal specialists. Changes in the ground‐dwelling fauna were only detected 12 mo after the fire, while those in the arboreal fauna occurred earlier and were no longer apparent 12 mo after the fire. We suggest that these contrasting results represent mainly an indirect response of the ant communities to fire‐induced changes in vegetation. Given the temporary and small scale nature of the effects detected and the overall resilience of the ant fauna, our results indicate that a single fire in the cerrado vegetation does not greatly impact the structure of ant communities in the short term.
Decisions on Temporal Sampling Protocol Influence the Detection of Ecological Patterns
Authors: Banks‐Leite Cristina , Ewers Robert M. , Pimentel Rafael G. , Metzger Jean Paul 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTWithin‐site variability in species detectability is a problem common to many biodiversity assessments and can strongly bias the results. Such variability can be caused by many factors, including simple counting inaccuracies, which can be solved by increasing sample size, or by temporal changes in species behavior, meaning that the way the temporal sampling protocol is designed is also very important. Here we use the example of mist‐netted tropical birds to determine how design decisions in the temporal sampling protocol can alter the data collected and how these changes might affect the detection of ecological patterns, such as the species‐area relationship (SAR). Using data from almost 3400 birds captured from 21,000 net‐hours at 31 sites in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, we found that the magnitude of ecological trends remained fairly stable, but the probability of detecting statistically significant ecological patterns varied depending on sampling effort, time of day and season in which sampling was conducted. For example, more species were detected in the wet season, but the SAR was strongest in the dry season. We found that the temporal distribution of sampling effort was more important than its total amount, discovering that similar ecological results could have been obtained with one‐third of the total effort, as long as each site had been equally sampled over 2 yr. We discuss that projects with the same sampling effort and spatial design, but with different temporal sampling protocol are likely to report different ecological patterns, which may ultimately lead to inappropriate conservation strategies.
A merger mystery: no extended radio emission in the merging cluster Abell 2146
Authors: Russell H. R. , van Weeren R. J. , Edge A. C. , McNamara B. R. , Sanders J. S. , Fabian A. C. , Baum S. A. , Canning R. E. A. , Donahue M. , O'Dea C. P. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
We present a new 400 ks Chandra X-ray observation and a Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) radio observation at 325 MHz of the merging galaxy cluster Abell 2146. The Chandra observation reveals detailed structure associated with the major merger event including the Mach M= 2.1 ± 0.2 bow shock located ahead of the dense subcluster core and the first known example of an upstream shock (M= 1.6 ± 0.1). Surprisingly, the deep GMRT observation at 325 MHz does not detect any extended radio emission associated with either shock front. All other merging galaxy clusters with X-ray-detected shock fronts, including the Bullet cluster, Abell 520, Abell 754 and Abell 2744, and clusters with candidate shock fronts have detected radio relics or radio halo edges coincident with the shocks. We consider several possible factors which could affect the formation of radio relics, including the shock strength and the presence of a pre-existing electron population, but do not find a favourable explanation for this result. We calculate a 3σ upper limit of 13 mJy on extended radio emission, which is significantly below the radio power expected by the observed Pradio–LX correlation for merging systems. The lack of an extended radio halo in Abell 2146 maybe due to the low cluster mass relative to the majority of merging galaxy clusters with detected radio haloes.
The architecture of the hierarchical triple star KOI 928 from eclipse timing variations seen in Kepler photometry
Authors: Steffen J. H. , Quinn S. N. , Borucki W. J. , Brugamyer E. , Bryson S. T. , Buchhave L. A. , Cochran W. D. , Endl M. , Fabrycky D. C. , Ford E. B. , Holman M. J. , Jenkins J. , Koch D. , Latham D. W. , MacQueen P. , Mullally F. , Prša A. , Ragozzine D. , Rowe J. F. , Sanderfer D. T. , Seader S. E. , Short D. , Shporer A. , Thompson S. E. , Torres G. , Twicken J. D. , Welsh W. F. , Windmiller G. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
We present a hierarchical triple star system (KIC 9140402) where a low-mass eclipsing binary orbits a more massive third star. The orbital period of the binary (4.988 29 d) is determined by the eclipse times seen in photometry from NASA's Kepler spacecraft. The periodically changing tidal field, due to the eccentric orbit of the binary about the tertiary, causes a change in the orbital period of the binary. The resulting eclipse timing variations provide insight into the dynamics and architecture of this system and allow the inference of the total mass of the binary (0.424 ± 0.017 M⊙) and the orbital parameters of the binary about the central star.
Anselmian Theism
Authors: Nagasawa Yujin 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn this article, I discuss Anselmian theism, which is arguably the most widely accepted form of monotheism. First, I introduce the core theses of Anselmian theism and consider its historical and developmental origins. I contend that, despite its name, Anselmian theism might well be older than Anselm. I also claim, supporting my argument by reference to research in the cognitive science of religion, that, contrary to what many think, Anselmian theism might be a natural result of human cognitive development rather than a mere philosophical artefact. Second, in the course of explaining the merits of Anselmian theism, I argue that this doctrine seems to benefit from at least three virtues. Third, I discuss existing arguments against Anselmian theism and maintain that most of them can be classified into three types. Finally, I suggest a novel strategy on the basis of which it is possible to defend Anselmian theism from these arguments.
Antimicrobial usage in dogs and cats in first opinion veterinary practices in the UK
Authors: Mateus A. , Brodbelt D. C. , Barber N. , Stärk K. D. C. 
Published: August 2011

Objectives: To provide baseline data on patterns of antimicrobial usage in dogs and cats through the analysis of data stored in electronic practice management systems.Methods: Clinical data from 11 first opinion veterinary practices were extracted for the year 2007. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed to assess the usage of antimicrobials.Results: Widespread usage of systemic broad‐spectrum antimicrobials was observed. Antimicrobials most frequently used in both species were potentiated amoxicillin (44·4% and 46.1% in cats and dogs, respectively) and amoxicillin (14·3% and 20·7%). Cephalexin (13·4%) and cefovecin (15·0%) were also commonly used in dogs and cats, respectively. Systemic critically important antimicrobials in human medicine were widely used in dogs (60·5%) and cats (82·7%). Topical antimicrobials used in both species included fusidic acid (48·4% and 54·8%), framycetin (20·4% and 13·4%), polymyxin B (12·6% and 9·3%) and neomycin (6·5% and 6·6%).Clinical Significance: Inappropriate usage of broad‐spectrum antimicrobials may contribute to the development of antimicrobial resistance and loss of efficacy of antimicrobials in veterinary settings. Data recorded in practice management systems were demonstrated to be a practical source for monitoring antimicrobial usage in pets.
Blackberry Seed Extracts and Isolated Polyphenolic Compounds Showing Protective Effect on Human Lymphocytes DNA
Authors: Gođevac Dejan , Tešević Vele , Vajs Vlatka , Milosavljević Slobodan , Stanković Miroslava 
Published: August 2011

Abstract:  The tentative identification of seed extracts from 3 cultivars of blackberry (blackberry seed extracts [BSEs]) constituents was performed by LC/UV/MS technique. The identified compounds belonged to ellagitannins, galic acid derivatives, and ellagic acid derivatives. Two ellagitannins, Lambertianin C and Sanguiniin H‐6, and an ellagic acid derivative, 4‐α‐L‐arabinofuranosylellagic acid, were isolated using semipreparative High‐performance liquid chromatography. The structure elucidations were based on high resolution‐mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance studies. The BSEs and 3 isolated pure compounds were tested for in vitro protective effect on chromosome aberrations in peripheral human lymphocytes using cytochalasin‐B blocked micronucleus (MN) assay. The frequency of MN was scored in binucleated cells, and nuclear proliferation index was calculated. Among the tested extracts, the seeds of cv. Thornfree at concentration of 1 μg/mL exhibit the most prominent effect decreasing the frequency of MN by 62.4%, when compared with the controls cell cultures. Antioxidant potential of pure ellagitannins cannot explain the strong effect of BSEs. The assumption was that better antioxidant effect of BSEs result from synergistic effects of individual compounds contained in the extracts and/or some minor components possessed strong activity.Practical Application:  Our results provide evidence of protective effects of BSEs and isolated pure compounds on cytogenetic damages in human lymphocytes. Thus, BSEs could exert beneficial effects in quite a few diseases, because many of the biological actions have been attributed to their antioxidant properties.
Comprehensive Analysis of Umami Compounds by Ion‐Pair Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Coulier Leon , Bas Richard , Hekman Maarten , van der Werff Bianca J. C. , Burgering Maurits , Thissen Uwe 
Published: August 2011

Abstract:  An ion‐pair LC‐ESI‐MS method was developed capable of analyzing various reported umami or umami‐enhancing compounds, including glutamic acid and 5′‐ribonucleotides. The method was validated using tomato and potato samples and showed overall good analytical performance with respect to selectivity, detection limit, linearity, and repeatability. The method was applied to various tomato samples resulting in concentrations of glutamic acid and 5′‐ribonucleotides that were in good comparison with literature. The methodology might also be used for the discovery of new umami (enhancing) compounds in an untargeted mode. This was to a certain extent demonstrated for tomato samples by correlating all peaks observed with the ion‐pair liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) method to sensory properties using multivariate statistics.Practical Application:  This study describes the development and application of a LC‐MS method, which can be used to quantify several known umami (enhancing) compounds in various foods. Furthermore, the method might be useful for the discovery of new umami (enhancing) compounds.
Peripheral ivory osteoma of the mandible in a young female patient
Authors: Mubeen Khan , Vijayalakshmi Konaajji Ramachandra , Abhishek Pati Ranjan 
Published: August 2011

AbstractOsteoma is an uncommon benign neoplasm composed of mature bone. Growth is slow and continuous and located principally in the cranio‐maxillo‐facial region, and can be central (endosteal) or peripheral (periosteal). Osteomas can be solitary or multiple masses, and they are generally asymptomatic. We discuss a case of ivory osteoma of the mandible in a 35‐year‐old female, which was present at the left body of the mandible since she was 10 years old, and was gradually increasing in size. The osteoma was removed surgically through an intraoral approach, and no recurrence was observed.
AIRE1A might be involved in cyclin B2 degradation in testicular lysates
Authors: Brahmaraju M. , Bhagya K.P. , Titus Shiny , Sebastian Arun , Devi A.N. , Laloraya Malini , Kumar Pradeep G. 
Published: August 2011

The autoimmune regulator gene Aire shows predominant expression in thymus and other immunologically relevant tissues, and is assigned the major function of programming autoreactive T-cell deletion. However, the expression of this gene in tissues outside the immune system raises a question about its possible function beyond the T-cell deletion dogma. We detected Aire in mouse testis, and the expression of AIRE protein was remarkably high in postmeiotic germ cells. Sequencing results indicate that testis expressed Aire variant 1a. AIRE could be detected in spermatozoa, with heavy localization on the principal acrosomal domains. Mouse oocytes stained negatively for AIRE before fertilization, but stained positively for AIRE 30 min after fertilization. In the zygote, the levels of AIRE correlated negatively with cyclin B2 levels. Goat testicular lysates spiked with recombinant human AIRE exhibited augmented cyclin B2 degradation in the presence of protease inhibitors, which was inhibited by MG-132, indicating the operation of proteasomal pathways. Thus, this study identifies a correlation between the presence of AIRE and proteasomal breakdown of cyclin B2, which leads us to speculate that cyclin B2 could be a target of AIRE's E3-ubiquitin ligase activity.
Effects of fluoride on expression of bone-specific genes in developing Xenopus laevis larvae
Authors: Nair Manoj , Belak Zachery R. , Ovsenek Nick 
Published: August 2011

The effect of fluoride treatment on the expression of a panel of osteogenic and stress markers in Stage 55 premetamorphic Xenopus larvae was examined at the precise onset of replacement of the larval cartilaginous skeleton with bone. A dosing regimen of 10 mmol/L sodium fluoride over 8 days was followed, during which time larvae developed to Stage 58, when the process of progressive ossification takes place in the vertebral column and membranous bones of the skull, pelvic, and pectoral girdles and portions of the appendicular skeleton. Markers of bone formation, including COL1A1, the transcription factors Osterix, RUNX2-II, and matrix metalloproteinases MMP1 and MMP13, decreased relative to age-matched controls, though the osteoblast marker BGLAP was not significantly altered. Expression of the pro-osteoclastogenic factor RANKL decreased, whereas expression of the anti-osteoclastogenic factor osteoprotegerin increased. Altered expression of oxidative stress markers, with the exception of superoxide dismutase, was generally not observed. These data demonstrate the potent effects of fluoride on the expression of factors required for osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation, as well as on the expression of osteoblast products, including MMP1 and collagen. Importantly, these effects were observed in the absence of significant changes in the expression of oxidative stress markers. The results provide the first molecular insights into the mechanisms underlying skeletal fluorosis in a whole organism developmental model.
Profound Deficit of IL10 at Birth in Children Who Develop Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Chang Jeffrey S. , Zhou Mi , Buffler Patricia A. , Chokkalingam Anand P. , Metayer Catherine , Wiemels Joseph L. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Background: Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) may originate via abnormal immune responses to infectious agents. It is unknown whether prenatal immune development may differ in children who develop the disease. The current study examines the association between neonatal cytokine profiles, a proxy measure for a child's prenatal immune development, and childhood ALL.
Methods: Neonatal blood spots of 116 childhood ALL cases and 116 controls living in California were ascertained. Eleven cytokines associated with Th1, Th2, and Th17 lymphocytes were measured using a multiplex bead–based assay. Unconditional logistic regression was done to estimate the odds ratio (OR) by measuring the association between neonatal cytokines and ALL adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and household income.
Results: Of the 11 cytokines measured, 5 [interleukin (IL)4, IL6, IL10, IL12, and IL13] were detectable. Except for IL12, the other 4 cytokines were all significantly lower among cases than controls. In a multivariable model including the 5 cytokines, only IL10 remained independently associated with childhood ALL with an OR = 0.04, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.18, comparing the highest tertile to the lowest tertile.
Conclusions: A child's neonatal level of IL10, a key regulator for modulating the intensity and duration of immune responses, is associated with his/her subsequent risk of developing ALL.
Impact: The current analysis shows that children with ALL may have a dysregulated immune function present at birth. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(8); 1736–40. ©2011 AACR.