bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Actologie, géologie et spatialité de l'image dans Les Disciples à Saïs.
Authors: Dumont Augustin 
Published: June 2009

L’objet de cet article consiste à interroger le traitement que subit le concept de « représentation » dans cette phase cruciale de la modernité que constituent l’idéalisme fichtéen et sa réception romantique, en particulier dans le travail de Novalis. La crise que subit la représentation chez Fichte va de pair avec la promotion d’un type de réflexivité inédit, dont Novalis hérite tout en en décalant, par un jeu de miroir déformant, les conséquences méthodologiques voulues par son maître. Le biais proposé consiste en une lecture suivie de Die Lehrlinge zu Saïs, le « roman de la nature » de Novalis. On verra comment, investiguant l’espace, le Disciple s’éduque à la représentation, c’est-à-dire à l’image et à son intransitivité essentielle, à laquelle le langage lui-même le conduit, sans que la réflexivité de l’apprentissage ne soit sacrifiée un seul instant. Le but est de montrer de quelle manière la philosophie transcendantale, pour Novalis, loin de se muer en un irrationalisme complaisant, doit, pour faire valoir sa « scientificité », thématiser pour lui-même l’acte singulier de son invention.
Social networks and community support: Sustaining women in need of community‐based adult education programs
Authors: Albertini Velmarie L. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis chapter focuses on women in need of community education programs, specifically general educational development (GED), English as a second language (ESL), adult basic education (ABE), and workforce development. The author explores social networks and learning programs necessary for facilitating the transition of this group of women to sustainable employment.
From biological anthropology to applied public health: Epidemiological approaches to the study of infectious disease
Authors: Albalak Rachel 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis article describes two large, multisite infectious disease programs: the Tuberculosis Epidemiologic Studies Consortium (TBESC) and the Emerging Infections Programs (EIPs). The links between biological anthropology and applied public health are highlighted using these programs as examples. Funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the TBESC and EIPs conduct applied public health research to strengthen infectious disease prevention and control efforts in the United States. They involve collaborations among CDC, public health departments, and academic and clinical institutions. Their unique role in national infectious disease work, including their links to anthropology, shared elements, key differences, strengths and challenges, is discussed. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2009. Published 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Children's work, earnings, and nutrition in urban Mexican shantytowns
Authors: Brewis Alexandra , Lee Sarah 
Published: June 2009

AbstractFor many children living in conditions of urban poverty, earning money can provide additional resources to them and their families, and this raises interesting questions about the potential biological consequences (costs and benefits) of children's work in ‘modern’ settings. This study uses time allocation, ethnographic, dietary, and anthropometric data collected with 96 urban Mexican shantytown children (aged 8–12 years) and their older and younger siblings (aged 1–18 years) to test hypotheses related to the effects of children's cash earning and cash contributions to their households for their own and their sibs' nutritional status. Regression models show that children's contributions to household income and the time they allocate to working outside the home makes no difference to their own or their younger siblings' nutritional status assessed anthropometrically. Dietary quality, based on food recalls, is worse in working than non‐working children, even taking household income into account. Children's allocation of time to work and their cash contributions to the household do however significantly improve the weight of their older siblings, especially sisters. This suggests children's work in urban ecologies might have different constraints and opportunities for their own and siblings' growth and nutrition than typically observed in subsistence settings. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Does less autonomy erode women's health? Yes. No. Maybe
Authors: Hadley Craig , Brewis Alexandra , Pike Ivy 
Published: June 2009

AbstractUnderstanding the determinants of health is a central objective of human biology and related fields. Female autonomy is hypothesized to be an important determinant of women's health as well as demographic outcomes. The literature relating women's health to their everyday autonomy has produced conflicting results, and this may be due in part to the application of different measures of autonomy and different measures of health. Using secondary data from a large nationally representative study, this study examines the relationship between multiple measures of female autonomy and three measures of wellbeing among women living in Uzbekistan (n = 5,396). The multivariate results show that women's autonomy related to freedom of movement is associated with lower levels of depression symptomatology and lower systolic blood pressure. Respondents who assert that women should have control over their bodies also had lower odds of high depression symptoms and lower diastolic blood pressure. In contrast, women with greater decision‐making autonomy were more likely to be classified as having high depressive symptomatology and higher diastolic blood pressure. Building on recent work, we suggest that these associations might reflect varying levels of agreement between men and women, and we provide some limited evidence to support this. This study stands as a theoretical and methodological cautionary note by suggesting that the relationship between autonomy and health is complex. Further, if differences in gender agreement underlie differences in the predictive accuracy of autonomy scales, then human biology researchers will need to begin collecting identical data from men and women. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Building a strong foundation for occupational health and safety: Action research in the workplace
Authors: Daltuva Judith A. , King Katherine R. , Williams Melina K. , Robins Thomas G. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBackgroundAction research (AR) holds promise as a method to improve occupational health and safety.MethodsThis case study explores the challenges and accomplishments during the first 6 months of an AR occupational health and safety committee at a manufacturing facility.ResultsCritical steps in the formative phase of the AR project included: (1) addressing differing power levels and perceived ownership of management and production committee members; (2) developing a collaborative approach to communication and problem solving; and (3) transitioning from dependence on university leadership to shared leadership among the committee.ConclusionsAR can lead to greater empowerment to address occupational health and safety issues, and to improved dialoge between labor and management. AR can increase the likelihood that the problem will be understood, and effective solutions will be developed and their application supported and used throughout the organization. Am. J. Ind. Med. 52:614–624, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Narrowing critical regions and determining penetrance for selected 18q‐ phenotypes
Authors: Cody Jannine D. , Heard Patricia L. , Crandall AnaLisa C. , Carter Erika M. , Li John , Hardies L. Jean , Lancaster Jack , Perry Brian , Stratton Robert F. , Sebold Courtney , Schaub Rebecca L. , Soileau Bridgette , Hill Annice , Hasi Minire , Fox Peter T. , Hale Daniel E. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractOne of our primary goals is to help families who have a child with an 18q deletion anticipate medical issues in order to optimize their child's medical care. To this end we have narrowed the critical regions for four phenotypic features and determined the penetrance for each of those phenotypes when the critical region for that feature is hemizygous. We completed molecular analysis using oligo‐array CGH and clinical assessments on 151 individuals with deletions of 18q and made genotype–phenotype correlations defining or narrowing critical regions. These nested regions, all within 18q22.3 to q23, were for kidney malformations, dysmyelination of the brain, growth hormone stimulation response failure, and aural atresia. The region for dysmyelination and growth hormone stimulation response failure were identical and was narrowed to 1.62 Mb, a region containing five known genes. The region for aural atresia was 2.3 Mb and includes an additional three genes. The region for kidney malformations was 3.21 Mb and includes an additional four genes. Penetrance rates were calculated by comparing the number of individuals hemizygous for a critical region with the phenotype to those without the phenotype. The kidney malformations region was 25% penetrant, the dysmyelination region was 100% penetrant, the growth hormone stimulant response failure region was 90% penetrant with variable expressivity, and the aural atresia region was 78% penetrant. Identification of these critical regions suggest possible candidate genes, while penetrance calculations begin to create a predictive phenotypic description based on genotype. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Deletion of JAM‐C, a candidate gene for heart defects in Jacobsen syndrome, results in a normal cardiac phenotype in mice
Authors: Ye Maoqing , Hamzeh Rabih , Geddis Amy , Varki Nissi , Perryman M. Benjamin , Grossfeld Paul 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe 11q terminal deletion disorder (11q‐) is a rare chromosomal disorder caused by a deletion in distal 11q. Fifty‐six percent of patients have clinically significant congenital heart defects. A cardiac “critical region” has been identified in distal 11q that contains over 40 annotated genes. In this study, we identify the distal breakpoint of a patient with a paracentric inversion in distal 11q who had hypoplastic left heart and congenital thrombocytopenia. The distal breakpoint mapped to JAM‐3, a gene previously identified as a candidate gene for causing HLHS in 11q‐. To determine the role of JAM‐3 in cardiac development, we performed a comprehensive cardiac phenotypic assessment in which the mouse homolog for JAM‐3, JAM‐C, has been deleted. These mice have normal cardiac structure and function, indicating that haplo‐insufficiency of JAM‐3 is unlikely to cause the congenital heart defects that occur in 11q‐ patients. Notably, we identified a previously undescribed phenotype, jitteriness, in most of the sick or dying adult JAM‐C knockout mice. These data provide further insights into the identification of the putative disease‐causing cardiac gene(s) in distal 11q, as well as the functions of JAM‐C in normal organ development. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neonatal treatment with recombinant ectodysplasin prevents respiratory disease in dogs with X‐linked ectodermal dysplasia
Authors: Mauldin Elizabeth A. , Gaide Olivier , Schneider Pascal , Casal Margret L. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractPatients with defective ectodysplasin A (EDA) have X‐linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (XLHED; OMIM#305100), a condition comprising hypotrichosis, inability to sweat, abnormal teeth, and frequent pulmonary infections. The XLHED dogs show the same clinical signs as humans with the disorder, including frequent respiratory infections that can be fatal. The respiratory disease in humans and dogs is thought to be due to the absence of tracheal and bronchial glands which are a vital part of the mucociliary clearance mechanism. In our XLHED model, the genetically missing EDA was replaced by postnatal intravenous administration of recombinant EDA resulting in long‐term, durable corrective effect on adult, permanent dentition. After treatment with EDA, significant correction of the missing tracheal and bronchial glands was achieved in those dogs that received higher doses of EDA. Moreover, successful treatment resulted in the presence of esophageal glands, improved mucociliary clearance, and the absence of respiratory infection. These results demonstrate that a short‐term treatment at a neonatal age with a recombinant protein can reverse a developmental disease and result in vastly improved quality of life. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Joubert syndrome with bilateral polymicrogyria: Clinical and neuropathological findings in two brothers
Authors: Giordano L. , Vignoli A. , Pinelli L. , Brancati F. , Accorsi P. , Faravelli F. , Gasparotti R. , Granata T. , Giaccone G. , Inverardi F. , Frassoni C. , Dallapiccola B. , Valente E.M. , Spreafico R. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractJoubert syndrome (JS) is characterized by hypotonia, ataxia, developmental delay, and a typical neuroimaging finding, the so‐called “molar tooth sign” (MTS). The association of MTS and polymicrogyria (PMG) has been reported as a distinct JS‐related disorder (JSRD). So far, five patients have been reported with this phenotype, only two of them being siblings. We report on one additional family, describing a living child with JS and PMG, and the corresponding neuropathological picture in the aborted brother. No mutations were detected in the AHI1 gene, the only so far associated with the JS + PMG phenotype. Moreover, linkage analysis allowed excluding all known gene loci, suggesting further genetic heterogeneity. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of aSUFUgermline mutation in a family with Gorlin syndrome
Authors: Pastorino L. , Ghiorzo P. , Nasti S. , Battistuzzi L. , Cusano R. , Marzocchi C. , Garrè M.L. , Clementi M. , Scarrà G. Bianchi 
Published: June 2009

AbstractGorlin syndrome (GS) is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern with high‐penetrance and is characterized by a range of developmental anomalies and increased risk of developing basal cell carcinoma and medulloblastoma. Between 50% and 85% of patients with GS harbor germ line mutations in the only susceptibility gene identified to date,PTCH1, a key component in the Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathway. Another component in this pathway,SUFU, is known to be involved in susceptibility to medulloblastoma but has never been reported in GS patients to date. We have identified the known c.1022 + 1G>ASUFUgerm line splicing mutation in a family that wasPTCH1‐negative and who had signs and symptoms of GS, including medulloblastoma. This is the first report of a germ lineSUFUmutation associated with GS. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Somatic and germ‐line mosaicism in Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome
Authors: Chiang Pei‐Wen , Lee Ni‐Chung , Chien Nancy , Hwu Wuh‐Liang , Spector Elaine , Tsai Anne Chun‐Hui 
Published: June 2009

AbstractRubinstein–Taybi syndrome (RSTS) is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disease and is characterized by mental retardation, distinctive facial features, broad and often angulated thumbs and great toes, short stature, and growth retardation. CREBBP and EP300 are the only genes currently known to be associated with RSTS. Mutations in CREBBP and EP300 were identified in approximately 50% and 3% of RSTS patients, respectively. To date, most of CREBBP mutations were de novo mutations and the recurrence rate in a family was low. Families with more than one affected child are extremely rare. In this study, we have shown a family with two affected siblings; the same mutation was found in both siblings. However, the mutation was not found in the blood or saliva DNA samples from the parents, suggesting the mechanism of germ‐line mosaicism. In addition, we identified low‐level mosaicism of a CREBBP mutation in the father from a second family with one affected child. Among the three analyzed tissue samples from the father, low‐level mosaicism is present only significantly in the blood sample. We hypothesize mutations in CREBBP in these two families occur in the postzygotic stage in one of the parents (one generation ahead) of the affected individual. Additional family studies are required to determine how common somatic and/or gonadal mosaicism is present in RSTS patients. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chemische Bildgebung von räumlichen Heterogenitäten in katalytischen Festkörpern auf unterschiedlichen Längen‐ und Zeitskalen
Authors: Weckhuysen Bert M. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractKatalytische Festkörper im Rampenlicht: Die gezielte Entwicklung von neuen oder verbesserten heterogenen Katalysatoren erfordert genaue Einblicke in ihre Struktur und Funktionsweise. Hierfür stehen Techniken der chemischen Bildgebung zur Verfügung, die räumlich und zeitlich aufgelöste Informationen über katalytische Festkörper auf unterschiedlichen Längenskalen liefern – d. h. auf der Stufe der Reaktoren, der Katalysatorkörper, der Katalysatorkörner und der Nanopartikel.magnified imageDie Kenntnis räumlich‐zeitlicher Gradienten in heterogenen Katalysatoren ist von allergrößter Bedeutung für den gezielten Entwurf von neuen und nachhaltigeren katalytischen Prozessen. Heterogenitäten, die zu raum‐ und zeitabhängigen Phänomenen führen, kommen auf unterschiedlichen Längenskalen vor, beginnend auf der Stufe der Katalysereaktoren (mm bis m), über die Katalysatorkörper (µm bis mm) und Katalysatorkörner (nm bis µm) bis hin zu den aktiven Zentren und Nanopartikeln (Å bis nm). Dieser Aufsatz fasst die jüngsten Fortschritte bei der Entwicklung von raum‐ und zeitauflösenden Spektroskopiemethoden für die Bildgebung räumlicher Heterogenitäten in katalytischen Prozessen auf diesen vier Längenskalen zusammen. Ein Schwerpunkt liegt auf der Anwendung von Kernresonanz‐, optischen und Synchrotronmethoden, die vor allem auf ihre Fähigkeit zur räumlichen Auflösung (1D‐ und 2D‐Bildgebung) und Tiefenprofilierung (3D‐Bildgebung) untersucht werden. Darüber hinaus werden zeitaufgelöste Anwendungen dieser Techniken diskutiert, ebenso wie ihr Potenzial für die Einzelmolekül‐ und Nanopartikeldetektion und ihr Einsatz unter Reaktionsbedingungen. Der Aufsatz endet mit einem Ausblick auf spektroskopische Aktivitätsmarker, markerfreie Spektroskopie, Tomographie auf der Nanoskala und korrelative mikroskopische Ansätze.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Arylation of Cyclic Enamides with Aryl Silanes by sp2 CH Activation
Authors: Zhou Hai , Xu Yun‐He , Chung Wan‐Jun , Loh Teck‐Peng 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAus H wird Ar: Eine fluoridunterstützte direkte Kreuzkupplung zwischen cyclischen Enamiden und Trialkoxyarylsilanen über eine palladiumkatalysierte C‐H‐Aktivierung liefert eine große Bandbreite an Enamiden in Ausbeuten bis 95 %.magnified image
Ultradense Polymer Brushes by Adsorption
Authors: de Vos Wiebe M. , Kleijn J. Mieke , de Keizer Arie , Cohen Stuart Martien A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractVollgepackte Stehplatzränge: Dichte Polymerbürsten entstehen durch Anlagerung von Diblockcopolymeren mit einem neutralen und einem Polyelektrolyt‐Block an entgegengesetzt geladene Polyelektrolytbürsten (siehe Bild). Die Dichte der resultierenden neutralen Bürsten wird bestimmt durch die Ladungskompensation und kann 1 nm−2 übersteigen. Die Diblockcopolymere können durch Wechsel der überstehenden Lösung desorbiert werden.magnified image
Titelbild: Polyketide‐Chain Branching by an Enzymatic Michael Addition (Angew. Chem. 27/2009)
Authors: Kusebauch Björn , Busch Benjamin , Scherlach Kirstin , Roth Martin , Hertweck Christian 
Published: June 2009

AbstractDer Pilz Rhizopus microsporus , der auf dem Titelbild unter dem Mikroskop betrachtet wird, beherbergt das endosymbiotische Bakterium Burkholderia rhizoxinica, den Produzenten des antimitotischen Polyketidmakrolids Rhizoxin (siehe Struktur). In ihrer Zuschrift auf S. 5101 ff. belegen C. Hertweck und Mitarbeiter, dass nur das Enzym Rhizoxin‐Polyketidsynthase in der Lage ist, durch die Michael‐Addition einer Malonyl‐Einheit an ein Acryloyl‐Intermediat eine β‐Verzweigung einzuführen. Der entsprechende Molekülteil ist bildlich unter die Lupe genommen.magnified image
Ultradense Polymer Brushes by Adsorption
Authors: de Vos Wiebe M. , Kleijn J. Mieke , de Keizer Arie , Cohen Stuart Martien A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractStanding room only: Dense polymer brushes can be prepared by adsorbing a diblock copolymer comprising a neutral block and a polyelectrolyte block to an oppositely charged polyelectrolyte brush (see picture). The density of the resulting neutral brush is determined by charge compensation, leading to brush densities well over 1 nm−2. The diblock copolymer can be desorbed by changing the solution conditions.magnified image
Adsorption of Cr(VI) ions onto poly(ethylene glycol dimethacrylate‐1‐vinyl‐1,2,4‐triazole)
Authors: Kara Ali 
Published: June 2009

AbstractPoly(ethylene glycol dimethacrylate‐1‐vinyl‐1,2,4‐triazole) [poly(EGDMA‐VTAZ)] beads (average diameter = 150–200 μm) were prepared by copolymerizing ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) with 1‐vinyl‐1,2,4‐triazole (VTAZ). Poly(EGDMA‐VTAZ) beads were characterized by swelling studies and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The adsorption of Cr(VI) from solutions was carried at different contact times, Cr(VI) concentrations, pH, and temperatures. High adsorption rates were achieved in about 240 min. The amount of Cr(VI) adsorbed increased with increasing concentration and decreasing pH and temperature. The intraparticle diffusion rate constants at various temperatures were calculated. Adsorption isotherms of Cr(VI) onto poly(EGDMA‐VTAZ) have been determined and correlated with common isotherm equations such as Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The Langmuir isotherm model appeared to fit the isotherm data better than the Freundlich isotherm model. The pseudo first‐order kinetic model was used to describe the kinetic data. The study of temperature effect was quantified by calculating various thermodynamic parameters such as Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy changes. The dimensionless separation factor (RL) showed that the adsorption of metal ions onto poly(EGDMA‐VTAZ) was favorable. It was seen that values of distribution coefficient (KD) decreasing with Cr(VI) concentration in solution at equilibrium (Ce) indicated that the occupation of activate surface sites of adsorbent increased with Cr(VI). © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Effects of two different maleic anhydride‐modified adhesion promoters (PP‐g‐MA) on the structure and mechanical properties of nanofilled polyolefins
Authors: Eteläaho P. , Nevalainen K. , Suihkonen R. , Vuorinen J. , Järvelä P. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe effects of adhesion promoter properties on the structure and mechanical behavior of nanoclay‐filled polyolefin nanocomposites are presented. Two different maleic anhydride‐modified polypropylenes having varying maleic anhydride content and molecular weight were used. The influence of these parameters on the performance and morphology of the prepared polypropylene and high density polyethylene‐based nanocomposites was examined by mechanical testing, X‐ray diffraction, and electron microscopy. The low molecular weight adhesion promoter seemed to be effective in both matrices in relation to mechanical property enhancements, whereas its high molecular weight counterpart performed well only in polyethylene matrix. X‐ray diffraction results and examination of morphology revealed that the intercalation and the dispersion of the nanoclay were more even in both matrices when the low molecular weight adhesion promoter with a higher maleic anhydride content was used. On the other hand, the use of high molecular weight adhesion promoter led to a less uniform dispersion but also to a greater amount of exfoliated clay particles. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009