bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PML absorbing boundary condition for the integral‐based high‐order FV24 FDTD algorithm
Authors: Hadi M. F. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAn integral equations‐based perfectly matched layers (PML) implementation is presented for the highly phase‐coherent FV24 finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) algorithm. The implementation allows including field values off the grid axes in the split‐field PML formulation conserving in the process the continuity and phase coherency of the FV24 algorithm when modeling absorbing boundary conditions (ABCs). It also eliminates the need for cumbersome subgridded low‐order FDTD subregions that until now were required to model PML ABCs within integral‐based high‐order FDTD simulations. The developed approach was numerically tested and found to match the PML behavior of the standard FDTD method at normal wave incidence on ABC boundaries and exceeds it at highly oblique wave incidence. This development serves to improve the capability and practicality of the computationally efficient FV24 algorithm when modeling electrically large structures in 3‐D space. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parallelization of the Scale‐Changing Technique in Grid Computing environment for the electronmagnetic simulation of multi‐scale structures
Authors: Khalil F. , Barrios‐Hernandez C. J. , Rashid A. , Aubert H. , Denneulin Y. , Coccetti F. , Plana R. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA parallel computing approach to run fast and full‐wave electromagnetic simulation of complex structures in Grid Computing environment is presented. In this study, we show how Grid Computing improves speed and/or reliability over that provided by a single computer, while typically being much more cost‐effective than single computers of comparable speed or reliability. An efficient monolithic (unique) formulation for the electromagnetic modelling of complex (multi‐scale) structures, i.e. structures that exhibit multiple metallic patterns whose sizes cover a large range of scales, is used here. This approach, named the Scale‐Changing Technique, is based on the cascade of multi‐modal Scale‐Changing Networks, each network modelling the electromagnetic coupling between two successive scale levels. These networks can be first computed separately, in an adaptive use of Grid Computing architecture nature, and then cascaded for the global electromagnetic simulation. Based on this technique, a fast computer algorithm was developed and tested in the Grid‐Computing environment. For illustration purposes, the electromagnetic analysis of multi‐scale structures, applied to phase‐shifter elements and an example of infinite passive reflectarray, was carried out. The obtained results have confirmed the effectiveness of such an approach compared with sequential computing. This approach shows very good computation performance while keeping the same accuracy. Besides, this method is very promising for optimizing circuit with multiple design parameters to handle and for the global electromagnetic simulation of multi‐scale and/or oer‐sized structures. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling resonant frequency of microstrip antenna based on neural network ensemble
Authors: Yu‐Bo Tian , Su‐Ling Zhang , Jing‐Yi Li 
Published: April 2010

AbstractResonant frequency is an important parameter in designing microstrip antenna (MSA). Selective neural network ensemble (NNE) methods based on decimal particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and binary PSO algorithm are proposed in this study. The basic idea of the methods is to optimally select neural networks (NNs) to construct NNE with the aid of PSO algorithm. This may maintain the diversity of NNs and decrease the effects of collinearity and noise of sample. Simultaneously, chaos mutation is adopted to increase the diversity of particles of PSO. Experimental results show that the chaos PSO algorithm can improve the generalization ability of NNE. Moreover, by using this algorithm, model of resonant frequency of MSA is established. Computing results indicate that the model is better than the available ones. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monte Carlo simulation of radio‐frequency plasmas in N2
Authors: Settaouti L. , Settaouti A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe structure of radio‐frequency (rf) discharges in N2 is examined for the electrons and positive ions, in which electron–neutral collisions and ion–neutral collisions are taken into consideration. Some detailed properties of rf plasmas sustained by an rf source voltage of 13.56 MHz and an amplitude of 200 V are presented using Monte Carlo simulation in electropositive gas (N2). It is shown that most of the rf external electric field is absorbed in the sheath regions, whereas electrons respond easily to the oscillating rf electric field, ions cannot oscillate with the rf electric field. The oscillations of the electron cloud determine the instantaneous sheath thickness near each electrode. The mean energy and the density of charged particles are also discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DFT‐aided interpretation of the Raman spectra of the polymorphic forms of Y2Si2O7
Authors: Kaindl Reinhard , Többens Daniel M. , Kahlenberg Volker 
Published: April 2010

AbstractY2Si2O7 is an intriguing material combining a complex structural polymorphism with several important technological applications. Raman spectra were experimentally determined for most of the seven known modifications of Y2Si2O7 except the form ε, and in the case of β, γ, δ and ζ for the first time. The error‐prone procedure of mode assignment to the measured Raman bands, usually done by comparison with similar or related structures, has been replaced by quantum chemical calculations of the spectra of the polymorphs. Various functionals were evaluated considering the agreement of the calculated modes with the experimental data. The average and maximum deviations between calculated and experimental spectra are ± 8 cm−1 and 20 cm−1, respectively. Assignments of most of the observed bands to vibrational modes are given. The relationship between selected Raman bands, SiO and YO polyhedra stretching and bending modes, and the crystal structures are discussed. Y2Si2O7 offers the possibility to study the relationship between structural and spectral changes in a chemically fixed system. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐risk behaviors and drinking‐to‐cope as mediators of lifetime abuse and PTSD symptoms in clients with severe mental illness
Authors: O'Hare Thomas , Shen Ce , Sherrer Margaret 
Published: April 2010

AbstractFace‐to‐face interviews with 276 community mental health clients (56.2% women; 42.8% men) diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (44.6%) and major mood disorders (55.4%) were used to examine mediating relationships among physical and sexual abuse, high‐risk behaviors, drink‐to‐cope motives, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity. Structural equation modeling revealed that both high‐risk behaviors and drinking‐to‐cope significantly mediated the relationship between lifetime abuse and PTSD symptom severity with an excellent fit of model to data. Alternative models using PTSD symptom level as mediator were also tested, but did not meet optimal goodness‐of‐fit standards. Implications of findings call for vigilant screening for trauma, substance abuse, and high risk behaviors in clients with severe mental illnesses to inform treatment, and the need for longitudinal studies to test causal pathways.
A study on the kinetics of condensation reaction of phenol‐modified cardanol–formaldehyde resin
Authors: Shukla Priti , Yadaw S. B. , Srivastava Deepak 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPhenol‐modified cardanol–formaldehyde novolac resins have been synthesized using equal proportions of phenol and cardanol. To this mixture of phenol and cardanol, 0.6 and 0.8 mol of formaldehyde were added separately, under acidic conditions, at five different temperatures ranging between 80 and 120°C with an interval of 10°C. This was carried out for a maximum period of 6 h. The free formaldehyde and free phenol contents were determined at regular time intervals to check the completion of the reaction. The synthesized novolacs have been studied by infrared spectroscopic analysis (FT‐IR). The reaction between cardanol, phenol, and formaldehyde was found to follow a second‐order rate kinetics. The overall rate constant (k) increased with the increase of temperature. Based on the value of rate constants, various other parameters such as activation energy (Ea), change in enthalpy (Δ H) and entropy (Δ S), and free energy change (Δ G) of the reaction were also evaluated. It was found that the condensation reaction of phenol and cardanol with formaldehyde was nonspontaneous and irreversible. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 42: 380–389, 2010
Outcome measure for stress urinary incontinence treatment (OMIT): Results of two society of urodynamics and female urology (SUFU) surveys
Authors: Zimmern Philippe , Kobashi Kathleen , Lemack Gary 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIntroductionTo reach some agreement on a minimum set of outcomes measures (OMs) for the post‐operative evaluation of stress incontinent women, we applied the concept of “lower common denominator” to study which OM instruments are used amongst SUFU members.MethodsWith SUFU approval, a short online, 11 items, email‐based survey was prepared to assess what OMs current SUFU members are using in daily practice. The first survey administered after the annual SUFU meeting targeted recent SUFU meeting attendees. The same survey was redistributed later on to include all SUFU members.ResultsEach survey ran for a 10‐day period. Response rate for the first survey was 50 (∼30%) and 106 (∼25%) for the second. Responders were geographically well distributed, had been in practice for 1–15 years (∼75%), performed 5–15 cases/month, and practiced in a university (56%) or group (30%) setting. Great consistency was noted between surveys for preferred questionnaires [UDI‐6 (40–52%), UDI‐6, and IIQ‐7 (30–34%)], office tests [urinalysis and post‐void residual (30–35%)], exam [Baden–Walker and/or POP‐Q (38–55%), cough stress test (54–51%)], imaging (none), and urodynamics (none, unless complications). The most common “dislikes” in descending order were: 24 hr pad test, Q‐tip test, bladder diary, long questionnaires, POP‐Q.ConclusionThese two SUFU surveys did not explore what each physician thinks is the best OM but what members use regularly in their practices. Similar findings were noted in both surveys, supporting the concept that a minimum set of OM could be developed for reporting surgical outcomes of incontinence procedures in the future. Neurourol. Urodynam. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A comparison of the contractile properties of smooth muscle from pig urethra and internal anal sphincter
Authors: Ramalingam Thanesan , Durlu‐Kandilci N. Tugba , Brading Alison F. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAimsSmooth muscles from the urethra and internal anal sphincter (IAS) play an essential role in the maintenance of urinary and fecal continence. Any damage in these muscles may cause serious problems. The aim of this study was to directly compare the contractile properties of pig urethra and IAS taken from the same animal.MethodsSmooth muscle strips of urethra and IAS dissected from the same pig were transferred to organ baths superfused with Krebs' solution, loaded with 1 g tension and equilibrated for 1 hr. Carbachol and phenylephrine response curves and EFS responses were elicited in the absence and presence of inhibitors.ResultsBoth tissues developed tone during the 1 hr equilibration period. Carbachol (3 × 10−6–10−3 M) contracted urethra whilst relaxing IAS. Guanethidine (10−6 M) inhibited the carbachol responses in both tissues.L‐NOARG (10−4 M) decreased carbachol responses in IAS, but not in urethra. Phenylephrine (3 × 10−6–10−2 M) contracted both tissues. EFS (1–40 Hz) induced a contractile response in urethra which was decreased with guanethidine (10−6 M) and further blocked by atropine (10−6 M). In the presence of both, a relaxation response was observed that is sensitive to NOS inhibitors especially at low frequencies. EFS induced a relaxation followed by a contraction in IAS strips. This contraction was blocked by guanethidine but not by atropine, and the remaining relaxation at 20 Hz was decreased withL‐NOARG and increased withL‐arginine.ConclusionsThere are differences between urethra and IAS in terms of muscarinic activation and neural innervation, relevant for pharmacotherapy. Neurourol. Urodynam. 29:1326–1331, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
QF‐PCR as a stand‐alone test for prenatal samples: the first 2 years' experience in the London region
Authors: Hills Alison , Donaghue Celia , Waters Jonathan , Waters Katie , Sullivan Caroline , Kulkarni Abhijit , Docherty Zoe , Mann Kathy , Ogilvie Caroline Mackie 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo analyse the results of the first 2 years of a QF‐PCR stand‐alone testing strategy for the prenatal diagnosis of aneuploidy in the London region and to determine the advantages and disadvantages of this policy.MethodsA review of the results of 9737 prenatal samples received for exclusion of chromosome abnormalities. All samples were subjected to QF‐PCR testing for common aneuploidies but only samples fulfilling specific criteria subsequently had a full karyotype analysis.ResultsOf the 9737 samples received, 10.3% had a chromosome abnormality detected by QF‐PCR testing. Of the 7284 samples received with no indication for karyotype analysis, 25 (0.3%) received a normal QF‐PCR result but subsequently had an abnormal karyotype detected either prenatally as a privately funded test or postnatally. Of these samples, without subsequent abnormal ultrasound findings, five had a chromosome abnormality associated with a poor prognosis, representing 0.069% of samples referred for Down syndrome testing.ConclusionWhile back‐up karyotyping is required for some samples, using QF‐PCR as a stand‐alone prenatal test for pregnancies without ultrasound abnormalities reduces costs, provides rapid delivery of results, and avoids ambiguous and uncertain karyotype results, reducing parental anxiety. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is screening for hypothyroidism in the diabetes clinic effective?
Authors: Whitehead C , Lunt H , Pearson JF , Cawood TJ 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of annual screening for hypothyroidism requiring thyroxine treatment (HRTT) in a hospital‐based diabetes clinic.A retrospective study of case records of patients attending a hospital‐based diabetes clinic was undertaken. Random samples of 400 patients with type 1 diabetes and 400 patients with type 2 diabetes were included. Patient data including thyroid function tests and thyroxine use were recorded. The outcomes were the prevalence of HRTT, and the cost‐per‐diagnosis of screening for HRTT in the diabetes clinic.Type 1 diabetes patients were younger (41 vs 60 years, p<0.001) and their diabetes was of longer duration (median 9.5 vs 5 years, p<0.05) than those with type 2 diabetes. Hypothyroidism was common in patients with type 1 (10.8%) or type 2 diabetes (10.8%). The prevalence of HRTT was 6.8% in type 1 diabetes and 6.0% in type 2 diabetes, with the majority being female (81% and 83%). The prevalence of HRTT increased after 50 years of age in type 1 diabetes, and somewhat later in type 2 diabetes, in the over 60s reaching 18.8% in type 1 diabetes and 8.4% in type 2 diabetes. Annual screening detected one case of HRTT for every 470 blood tests, equating to £4600 per diagnosis.In conclusion, hypothyroidism was common in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes who attended a hospital‐based diabetes clinic. However, annual screening at the hospital clinic only rarely found new cases of HRTT, and so is questionable from a cost:benefit viewpoint. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons.
Ketosis‐prone type 2 diabetes: an increasingly recognised entity
Authors: Chellamuthu P , Kong M‐F , Gregory R 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA 42‐year‐old South East Asian man presented with reduced conscious level. The family reported that he had had diarrhoea and vomiting for a week. He was not known to have diabetes and there was no family history of diabetes. He was known to have schizophrenia and was on depot risperidone. He was overweight.He was diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis with hyperosmolality. He was in the intensive care unit for five days. He made good progress and was discharged home 11 days after admission on 84 units of insulin. He managed to come off insulin but two years later he needed to be restarted on insulin. He is now on haloperidol for his schizophrenia. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons.
Recurrent atrial fibrillation and prolonged QTc interval precipitated by severe hypoglycaemia
Authors: Hasan MI , Elrishi MA , Kilvert A , Fox C 
Published: April 2010

AbstractHypoglycaemia is associated with various changes in electrocardiography (ECG). We report recurrent atrial fibrillation (AF) and prolonged QTc interval (QT interval corrected for heart rate) precipitated by insulin‐induced hypoglycaemia in a 59‐year‐old patient with type 1 diabetes. The patient was admitted twice (eight years apart) with severe hypoglycaemia. ECG showed AF and prolonged QTc interval on both occasions. Each time, normal QTc interval and sinus rhythm were established when normoglycaemia was achieved. Simultaneous AF and prolonged QTc interval during a clinical episode of hypoglycaemia could explain the true clinical significance of the effects of hypoglycaemia upon cardiac repolarisation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons.
Modification of multiwall carbon nanotubes via soap‐free emulsion polymerization of acrylonitrile
Authors: Cheng Zhenping , Pan Qinmin , Rempel Garry L. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA novel method for the synthesis of polyacrylonitrile (PAN)‐coated multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) via a simple soap‐free emulsion polymerization is presented for the first time. The polymerization was initiated with conventional anionic ammonium persulfate (APS) at 65 °C. The modification of PAN on MWCNT surfaces was confirmed by Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and Raman spectroscopy. It is found that all the surfaces of the MWCNTs were coated by PAN chains, and the PAN coating thickness could be controlled by simply adjusting the polymerization time. The obtained PAN‐coated MWCNTs could be well dispersed in water. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 2057–2062, 2010
Star‐like PAA‐g‐PPO well‐defined amphiphilic graft copolymer synthesized by ATNRC and SET‐NRC reaction
Authors: Li Yaogong , Zhang Yaqin , Yang Dong , Hu Jianhua , Lu Guolin , Huang Xiaoyu 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA series of well‐defined amphiphilic star graft copolymers consisting of hydrophilic poly(acrylic acid) backbone and hydrophobic poly(propylene oxide) side chains were synthesized by the sequential reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and atom transfer nitroxide radical coupling (ATNRC) or single electron transfer‐nitroxide radical coupling (SET‐NRC) reaction followed by the selective hydrolysis of poly(tert‐butyl acrylate) backbone. A Br‐containing acrylate monomer, tert‐butyl 2‐((2‐bromopropanoyloxy)methyl)acrylate, was first homopolymerized via RAFT polymerization using a new star‐like chain‐transfer agent with four arms in a controlled way to give a well‐defined star‐like backbone with a narrow molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn = 1.23). The grafting‐onto strategy was used to synthesize the well‐defined PtBA‐g‐PPO star graft copolymers with narrow molecular weight distributions (Mw/Mn = 1.14–1.25) via ATNRC or SET‐NRC reaction between the Br‐containing PtBA‐based star‐like backbone and poly(propylene oxide) with 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl end group using CuBr/PMDETA or Cu/PMDETA as catalytic system. PAA‐g‐PPO amphiphilic star graft copolymers were obtained by the selective acidic hydrolysis of star‐like PtBA‐based backbone in acidic environment without affecting the side chains. The critical micelle concentrations in aqueous media and brine were determined by the fluorescence probe technique. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 2084–2097, 2010
The thermo responsive behavior of glycol functionalized ring opening metathesis polymers
Authors: Bauer Thomas , Slugovc Christian 
Published: April 2010

AbstractHerein a further step towards self‐assembly of polymers exhibiting a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) effect is presented. Ring opening metathesis polymerization has been chosen as polymerization method because of its high functional group tolerance, the reliability and the capability to synthesize different polymer architectures such as self‐assembling block copolymers, which currently gain much attention in nanotechnology, electronics, and biomedical applications. In a first step, the polymerization behavior of oligo(ethylene glycol) monoalkyl ether [HO(CH2CH2O)nR, n = 2, 3 and 5–9, R = Et or Me] substituted norbornene derivatives with [(H2IMes) (py)Cl2Ru(3‐phenyl‐indenylid‐1‐ene)] (H2IMes = N,N‐bis(mesityl) 4,5‐dihydroimidazol‐2‐yl, py = pyridine) was assessed. While monomers bearing short oligo(ethylene glycol)monoalkyl ether groups (n = 2 or 3) allowed for controlled polymerization, the monomers featuring long oligo(ethylene glycol)monoalkyl ether groups could not be polymerized in a controlled manner. Only polymers prepared from endo,exo‐bicyclo[2.2.1]hept‐5‐ene‐2,3‐dicarboxylic acid, bis[2‐[2‐(2‐ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethyl] ester (2) showed satisfactory water solubility and a LCST of about 25 °C. This temperature is largely independent from the molecular weight and the macromolecular architecture of the polymers as it was revealed from determination of the LCST of a series of statistic and block copolymers incorporating less‐polar comonomers. The molecular weight affects the complete transition value (ΔT), which is rising with increasing degree of polymerization. ΔT values smaller than 1 °C can be obtained with statistic copolymers of 2 with less polar monomers like endo,exo‐bicyclo[2.2.1]hept‐5‐ene‐2,3‐dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 2098–2108, 2010
UV‐curable bismaleimides containing poly(dimethylsiloxane): Use as hydrophobic agent
Authors: Pozos vázquez Cuauhtémoc , Tayouo Russell , Joly‐Duhamel Christine , Boutevin Bernard 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of poly(dimethylsiloxanes) bearing maleimides end‐groups (PDMSM) were carried out through imidization of maleic anhydride with three poly(dimethylsiloxanes) diamines of different molecular weights. Self‐photopolymerization of PDMSM was studied by Real‐Time Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (RT‐FTIR) and was possible even without photoinitiator (Darocur 1173). The reaction was found to proceed within seconds upon exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation to generate highly crosslinked polymer networks. The results indicated that these polymerizations were less sensitive to oxygen inhibition than the radical processes carried out on conventional UV‐curable acrylate resins. The thermal and mechanical properties of these resulting materials were studied starting from PDMS precursors with different molecular weights. These materials exhibit a low glass transition temperature (<−100 °C) and a high degradation temperature (400 °C) depending on the density of crosslinking points. These PDMSM are suitable as hydrophobic additives in a coating formulation based on a UV cured polypropylene glycol bismaleimide. Only a very small amount of silicone additives (0.3 wt %) is needed to change the wettability on the surface of the films. The migration of the additive was clearly shown before irradiation by scanning electron microscopy EDX and surface energy measurements. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 2123–2134, 2010