bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preliminary findings from the longitudinal study of big picture learning Australia university pathway students
Authors: Fischetti John , Hill Ann , Lynch Debra , Pettit Joanne , Rutkowski Joanne , White Viv , Chadwick Deborah , Down Barry 
Published: June 2024

AbstractYear 12 students in Big Picture Learning schools across Australia now use portfolios and interviews to apply for and gain entry to their first choice of university degree. They receive admission on the strength of portfolio evidence mapped to a new non-ATAR qualification, known as the International Big Picture Learning Credential (IBPLC). Since 2020, 270 graduates have received offers to university using the Credential, growing from 3 in 2017. Like other Big Picture graduates who went before them, they are continuing a trajectory of passion-based learning that began in Year 9 or 10 at one of 45 Australian Big Picture Learning schools. All IBPLC graduates begin tertiary study equipped with experiences in the real world, support systems with a range of community mentors and teachers, specialist knowledge in their chosen field, and a set of independent learning skills intended to give them the opportunity to thrive in the university setting. In this article we share the preliminary findings of a study of graduates of Big Picture Learning Australia secondary schools who have matriculated using the IBPLC. Findings from our surveys and interviews show promise that the learning design of Big Picture, which starts with an internship in a passion area, is the key factor in enabling the success of graduates both from high school and into their university studies.
The influence of President Trump’s micro-expressions during his COVID-19 national address on viewers’ emotional response
Authors: Stewart Patrick A. , Svetieva Elena , Mullins Jeffrey K. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis preregistered study replicates and extends studies concerning emotional response to wartime rally speeches and applies it to U.S. President Donald Trump’s first national address regarding the COVID-19 pandemic on March 11, 2020. We experimentally test the effect of a micro-expression (ME) by Trump associated with appraised threat on change in participant self-reported distress, sadness, anger, affinity, and reassurance while controlling for followership. We find that polarization is perpetuated in emotional response to the address which focused on portraying the COVID-19 threat as being of Chinese provenance. We also find a significant, albeit slight, effect by Trump’s ME on self-reported sadness, suggesting that this facial behavior served did not diminish his speech, instead serving as a form of nonverbal punctuation. Further exploration of participant response using the Linguistic Inventory and Word Count software reinforces and extends these findings.
COMPUTING CENTRALISERS IN [FINITELY GENERATED FREE]-BY-CYCLIC GROUPS
Authors: CARVALHO ANDRÉ 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe prove that centralisers of elements in [finitely generated free]-by-cyclic groups are computable. As a corollary, given two conjugate elements in a [finitely generated free]-by-cyclic group, the set of conjugators can be computed and the conjugacy problem with context-free constraints is decidable. We pose several problems arising naturally from this work.
Legume-supplemented feed for children hospitalised with severe malnutrition: a phase II trial
Authors: Walsh Kevin , Kiosa Akglinta , Olupot-Olupot Peter , Alaroker Florence , Okiror William , Nakuya Margaret , Tssenyondo Tonny , Aromut Denis , Okalebo Bernard Charles , Muhindo Rita , Mpoya Ayub , George Elizabeth C. , Frost Gary S. , Maitland Kathryn 
Published: June 2024

AbstractChildren hospitalised with severe malnutrition have high mortality and readmission rates post-discharge. Current milk-based formulations target restoring ponderal growth but not the modification of gut barrier integrity or microbiome which increases the risk of gram-negative sepsis and poor outcomes. We propose that legume-based feeds rich in fermentable carbohydrates will promote better gut health and improve overall outcomes. We conducted an open-label phase II trial at Mbale and Soroti Regional Referral Hospitals, Uganda, involving 160 children aged 6 months to 5 years with severe malnutrition (mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) < 11·5 cm and/or nutritional oedema). Children were randomised to a lactose-free, chickpea-enriched legume paste feed (LF) (n 80) v. WHO standard F75/F100 feeds (n 80). Co-primary outcomes were change in MUAC and mortality to day 90. Secondary outcomes included weight gain (> 5 g/kg/d), de novo development of diarrhoea, time to diarrhoea and oedema resolution. Day 90 MUAC increase was marginally lower in LF v. WHO arm (1·1 cm (interquartile range (IQR) 1·1) v. 1·4 cm (IQR 1·40), P = 0·09); day 90 mortality was similar (11/80 (13·8 %) v. 12/80 (15 %), respectively, OR 0·91 (95 % CI 0·40, 2·07), P = 0·83). There were no differences in any of the other secondary outcomes. Owing to initial poor palatability of the LF, ten children switched to WHO feeds. Per-protocol analysis indicated a trend to lower day 90 mortality and readmission rates in the LF (6/60 (10 %) and 2/60(3 %)) v. WHO feeds (12/71(17·5 %) and 4/71(6 %)). Further refinement of LF and clinical trials are warranted, given the poor outcomes in children with severe malnutrition.
On the probability of a Pareto record
Authors: Fill James Allen , Sun Ao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGiven a sequence of independent random vectors taking values in ${\mathbb R}^d$ and having common continuous distribution function F, say that the $n^{\rm \scriptsize}$th observation sets a (Pareto) record if it is not dominated (in every coordinate) by any preceding observation. Let $p_n(F) \equiv p_{n, d}(F)$ denote the probability that the $n^{\rm \scriptsize}$th observation sets a record. There are many interesting questions to address concerning pn and multivariate records more generally, but this short paper focuses on how pn varies with F, particularly if, under F, the coordinates exhibit negative dependence or positive dependence (rather than independence, a more-studied case). We introduce new notions of negative and positive dependence ideally suited for such a study, called negative record-setting probability dependence (NRPD) and positive record-setting probability dependence (PRPD), relate these notions to existing notions of dependence, and for fixed $d \geq 2$ and $n \geq 1$ prove that the image of the mapping pn on the domain of NRPD (respectively, PRPD) distributions is $[p^*_n, 1]$ (resp., $[n^{-1}, p^*_n]$), where $p^*_n$ is the record-setting probability for any continuous F governing independent coordinates.
Post-adoption experiences of discrimination moderated by sleep quality are associated with depressive symptoms in previously institutionalized youth over and above deprivation-induced depression risk
Authors: Morency Mirinda M. , Donzella Bonny , Reid Brie M. , Lee Richard M. , Dengel Donald R. , Gunnar Megan R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe association of post-adoption experiences of discrimination with depressive symptoms was examined in 93 previously institutionalized (PI) youth (84% transracially adopted). Additionally, we explored whether sleep quality statistically moderated this association. Notably, we examined these associations after covarying a measure of autonomic balance (high/low frequency ratio in heart rate variability) affected by early institutional deprivation and a known risk factor for depression. PI youth exhibited more depressive symptoms and experiences of discrimination than 95 comparison youth (non-adopted, NA) raised in their biological families in the United States. In the final regression model, there was a significant interaction between sleep quality and discrimination, such that at higher levels of sleep quality, the association between discrimination and depression symptoms was non-significant. Despite being cross-sectional, the results suggest that the risk of depression in PI youth involves post-adoption experiences that appear unrelated to the impacts of early deprivation on neurobiological processes associated with depression risk. It may be crucial to examine methods of improving sleep quality and socializing PI youth to cope with discrimination as protection against discrimination and microaggressions.
Biodiversity and Climate Extremes: Known Interactions and Research Gaps
Authors: Mahecha M. D. , Bastos A. , Bohn F. J. , Eisenhauer N. , Feilhauer H. , Hickler T. , Kalesse‐Los H. , Migliavacca M. , Otto F. E. L. , Peng J. , Sippel S. , Tegen I. , Weigelt A. , Wendisch M. , Wirth C. , Al‐Halbouni D. , Deneke H. , Doktor D. , Dunker S. , Duveiller G. , Ehrlich A. , Foth A. , García‐García A. , Guerra C. A. , Guimarães‐Steinicke C. , Hartmann H. , Henning S. , Herrmann H. , Hu P. , Ji C. , Kattenborn T. , Kolleck N. , Kretschmer M. , Kühn I. , Luttkus M. L. , Maahn M. , Mönks M. , Mora K. , Pöhlker M. , Reichstein M. , Rüger N. , Sánchez‐Parra B. , Schäfer M. , Stratmann F. , Tesche M. , Wehner B. , Wieneke S. , Winkler A. J. , Wolf S. , Zaehle S. , Zscheischler J. , Quaas J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractClimate extremes are on the rise. Impacts of extreme climate and weather events on ecosystem services and ultimately human well‐being can be partially attenuated by the organismic, structural, and functional diversity of the affected land surface. However, the ongoing transformation of terrestrial ecosystems through intensified exploitation and management may put this buffering capacity at risk. Here, we summarize the evidence that reductions in biodiversity can destabilize the functioning of ecosystems facing climate extremes. We then explore if impaired ecosystem functioning could, in turn, exacerbate climate extremes. We argue that only a comprehensive approach, incorporating both ecological and hydrometeorological perspectives, enables us to understand and predict the entire feedback system between altered biodiversity and climate extremes. This ambition, however, requires a reformulation of current research priorities to emphasize the bidirectional effects that link ecology and atmospheric processes.
Ultra-robust informational metasurfaces based on spatial coherence structures engineering
Authors: Liu Leixin , Liu Wenwei , Wang Fei , Peng Xiaofeng , Choi Duk-Yong , Cheng Hua , Cai Yangjian , Chen Shuqi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOptical information transmission is vital in modern optics and photonics due to its concurrent and multi-dimensional nature, leading to tremendous applications such as optical microscopy, holography, and optical sensing. Conventional optical information transmission technologies suffer from bulky optical setup and information loss/crosstalk when meeting scatterers or obstacles in the light path. Here, we theoretically propose and experimentally realize the simultaneous manipulation of the coherence lengths and coherence structures of the light beams with the disordered metasurfaces. The ultra-robust optical information transmission and self-reconstruction can be realized by the generated partially coherent beam with modulated coherence structure even 93% of light is recklessly obstructed during light transmission, which brings new light to robust optical information transmission with a single metasurface. Our method provides a generic principle for the generalized coherence manipulation on the photonic platform and displays a variety of functionalities advancing capabilities in optical information transmission such as meta-holography and imaging in disordered and perturbative media.
The rhythm of mental health: the relationship of chronotype with psychiatric trait dimensions and diurnal variation in psychiatric symptoms
Authors: Balter Leonie J. T. , Holding Benjamin C. , Petrovic Predrag , Axelsson John 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTo advance the emergence of circadian-based therapies, this study characterized how psychiatric symptoms fluctuate across the day and vary between individuals. Using a dimensional approach, we determined how chronotype relates to 13 psychiatric traits, and modeled the temporal development of symptoms throughout the day using generalized additive mixed effects models. In this preregistered study, a subclinical sample completed 13 psychiatric trait scales and a chronotype scale at baseline (N = 515, n = 404 women, 109 men, n = 2 non-binary, M age = 32.4 years, range 18–77), followed by 22 psychiatric symptoms and behaviors rated repeatedly between ~08:00-00:00 (n = 410). Key findings are that 11 out of 13 psychiatric traits were associated with being an evening-type, ranging from depression to obsessive comulsive disorder, social anxiety, and delusional ideation, while only mania was associated with being a morning-type. Four distinct psychiatric trait factors were identified, each predicting worse symptom levels throughout the day. Fatigue-related symptoms exhibited strong time-of-day changes with evening-types experiencing worse fatigue in the morning and morning-types in the evening. Evening-types had considerably lower drive and motivation than morning-types from morning to early evening. Evening-types also had more pronounced negative emotional symptoms and ADHD-type symptoms in the evening, particularly among those high in psychiatric trait factors. These findings identified important research targets that hold promise for improving mental health outcomes, such as strategies to boost morning motivation. Furthermore, the results emphasize the relevance of incorporating circadian factors, including chronotype, into translational psychiatric research and interventions.
Specialized Tfh cell subsets driving type-1 and type-2 humoral responses in lymphoid tissue
Authors: Kumar Saumya , Basto Afonso P. , Ribeiro Filipa , Almeida Silvia C. P. , Campos Patricia , Peres Carina , Pulvirenti Nadia , Al-Khalidi Sarwah , Kilbey Anna , Tosello Jimena , Piaggio Eliane , Russo Momtchilo , Gama-Carvalho Margarida , Coffelt Seth B. , Roberts Ed W. , Geginat Jens , Florindo Helena F. , Graca Luis 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEffective antibody responses are essential to generate protective humoral immunity. Different inflammatory signals polarize T cells towards appropriate effector phenotypes during an infection or immunization. Th1 and Th2 cells have been associated with the polarization of humoral responses. However, T follicular helper cells (Tfh) have a unique ability to access the B cell follicle and support the germinal center (GC) responses by providing B cell help. We investigated the specialization of Tfh cells induced under type-1 and type-2 conditions. We first studied homogenous Tfh cell populations generated by adoptively transferred TCR-transgenic T cells in mice immunized with type-1 and type-2 adjuvants. Using a machine learning approach, we established a gene expression signature that discriminates Tfh cells polarized towards type-1 and type-2 response, defined as Tfh1 and Tfh2 cells. The distinct signatures of Tfh1 and Tfh2 cells were validated against datasets of Tfh cells induced following lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) or helminth infection. We generated single-cell and spatial transcriptomics datasets to dissect the heterogeneity of Tfh cells and their localization under the two immunizing conditions. Besides a distinct specialization of GC Tfh cells under the two immunizations and in different regions of the lymph nodes, we found a population of Gzmk+ Tfh cells specific for type-1 conditions. In human individuals, we could equally identify CMV-specific Tfh cells that expressed Gzmk. Our results show that Tfh cells acquire a specialized function under distinct types of immune responses and with particular properties within the B cell follicle and the GC.
Highly confined epsilon-near-zero and surface phonon polaritons in SrTiO3 membranes
Authors: Xu Ruijuan , Crassee Iris , Bechtel Hans A. , Zhou Yixi , Bercher Adrien , Korosec Lukas , Rischau Carl Willem , Teyssier Jérémie , Crust Kevin J. , Lee Yonghun , Gilbert Corder Stephanie N. , Li Jiarui , Dionne Jennifer A. , Hwang Harold Y. , Kuzmenko Alexey B. , Liu Yin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRecent theoretical studies have suggested that transition metal perovskite oxide membranes can enable surface phonon polaritons in the infrared range with low loss and much stronger subwavelength confinement than bulk crystals. Such modes, however, have not been experimentally observed so far. Here, using a combination of far-field Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and near-field synchrotron infrared nanospectroscopy (SINS) imaging, we study the phonon polaritons in a 100 nm thick freestanding crystalline membrane of SrTiO3 transferred on metallic and dielectric substrates. We observe a symmetric-antisymmetric mode splitting giving rise to epsilon-near-zero and Berreman modes as well as highly confined (by a factor of 10) propagating phonon polaritons, both of which result from the deep-subwavelength thickness of the membranes. Theoretical modeling based on the analytical finite-dipole model and numerical finite-difference methods fully corroborate the experimental results. Our work reveals the potential of oxide membranes as a promising platform for infrared photonics and polaritonics.
Direct observation of photoinduced sequential spin transition in a halogen-bonded hybrid system by complementary ultrafast optical and electron probes
Authors: Jiang Yifeng , Hayes Stuart , Bittmann Simon , Sarracini Antoine , Liu Lai Chung , Müller-Werkmeister Henrike M. , Miyawaki Atsuhiro , Hada Masaki , Nakano Shinnosuke , Takahashi Ryoya , Banu Samiran , Koshihara Shin-ya , Takahashi Kazuyuki , Ishikawa Tadahiko , Miller R. J. Dwayne 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA detailed understanding of the ultrafast dynamics of halogen-bonded materials is desired for designing supramolecular materials and tuning various electronic properties by external stimuli. Here, a prototypical halogen-bonded multifunctional material containing spin crossover (SCO) cations and paramagnetic radical anions is studied as a model system of photo-switchable SCO hybrid systems using ultrafast electron diffraction and two complementary optical spectroscopic techniques. Our results reveal a sequential dynamics from SCO to radical dimer softening, uncovering a key transient intermediate state. In combination with quantum chemistry calculations, we demonstrate the presence of halogen bonds in the low- and high-temperature phases and propose their role during the photoinduced sequential dynamics, underscoring the significance of exploring ultrafast dynamics. Our research highlights the promising utility of halogen bonds in finely tuning functional properties across diverse photoactive multifunctional materials.
Angiogenesis is uncoupled from osteogenesis during calvarial bone regeneration
Authors: Bixel M. Gabriele , Sivaraj Kishor K. , Timmen Melanie , Mohanakrishnan Vishal , Aravamudhan Anusha , Adams Susanne , Koh Bong-Ihn , Jeong Hyun-Woo , Kruse Kai , Stange Richard , Adams Ralf H. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBone regeneration requires a well-orchestrated cellular and molecular response including robust vascularization and recruitment of mesenchymal and osteogenic cells. In femoral fractures, angiogenesis and osteogenesis are closely coupled during the complex healing process. Here, we show with advanced longitudinal intravital multiphoton microscopy that early vascular sprouting is not directly coupled to osteoprogenitor invasion during calvarial bone regeneration. Early osteoprogenitors emerging from the periosteum give rise to bone-forming osteoblasts at the injured calvarial bone edge. Microvessels growing inside the lesions are not associated with osteoprogenitors. Subsequently, osteogenic cells collectively invade the vascularized and perfused lesion as a multicellular layer, thereby advancing regenerative ossification. Vascular sprouting and remodeling result in dynamic blood flow alterations to accommodate the growing bone. Single cell profiling of injured calvarial bones demonstrates mesenchymal stromal cell heterogeneity comparable to femoral fractures with increase in cell types promoting bone regeneration. Expression of angiogenesis and hypoxia-related genes are slightly elevated reflecting ossification of a vascularized lesion site. Endothelial Notch and VEGF signaling alter vascular growth in calvarial bone repair without affecting the ossification progress. Our findings may have clinical implications for bone regeneration and bioengineering approaches.
Semaglutide ameliorates cardiac remodeling in male mice by optimizing energy substrate utilization through the Creb5/NR4a1 axis
Authors: Ma Yu-Lan , Kong Chun-Yan , Guo Zhen , Wang Ming-Yu , Wang Pan , Liu Fang-Yuan , Yang Dan , Yang Zheng , Tang Qi-Zhu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSemaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, is clinically used as a glucose-lowering and weight loss medication due to its effects on energy metabolism. In heart failure, energy production is impaired due to altered mitochondrial function and increased glycolysis. However, the impact of semaglutide on cardiomyocyte metabolism under pressure overload remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that semaglutide improves cardiac function and reduces hypertrophy and fibrosis in a mouse model of pressure overload-induced heart failure. Semaglutide preserves mitochondrial structure and function under chronic stress. Metabolomics reveals that semaglutide reduces mitochondrial damage, lipid accumulation, and ATP deficiency by promoting pyruvate entry into the tricarboxylic acid cycle and increasing fatty acid oxidation. Transcriptional analysis shows that semaglutide regulates myocardial energy metabolism through the Creb5/NR4a1 axis in the PI3K/AKT pathway, reducing NR4a1 expression and its translocation to mitochondria. NR4a1 knockdown ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction and abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism in the heart. These findings suggest that semaglutide may be a therapeutic agent for improving cardiac remodeling by modulating energy metabolism.
Picosecond reactions of excited radical ion super-reductants
Authors: Pfund Björn , Gejsnæs-Schaad Deyanira , Lazarevski Bruno , Wenger Oliver S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractClassical photochemistry requires nanosecond excited-state lifetimes for diffusion-controlled reactions. Excited radicals with picosecond lifetimes have been implied by numerous photoredox studies, and controversy has arisen as to whether they can actually be catalytically active. We provide direct evidence for the elusive pre-association between radical ions and substrate molecules, enabling photoinduced electron transfer beyond the diffusion limit. A strategy based on two distinct light absorbers, mimicking the natural photosystems I and II, is used to generate excited radicals, unleashing extreme reduction power and activating C(sp2)―Cl and C(sp2)―F bonds. Our findings provide a long-sought mechanistic understanding for many previous synthetically-oriented works and permit more rational future photoredox reaction development. The newly developed excitation strategy pushes the current limits of reactions based on multi-photon excitation and very short-lived but highly redox active species.