bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of twenty‐first century knowledge workers
Authors: Calabrese Francesco A. 
Published: September 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to convey background and historical settings on the evolution of knowledge management research and practices since the late 1990s in programs of The George Washington University (GWU), Washington, DC. The settings aim to support the papers of a special issue of the journal for exploring the future of knowledge workers in the twenty‐first century.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses historical data drawn from dissertations, books, discussions and active participation through a ten‐year community of interest (COI) comprising scholars and practitioners. This COI functions within the Institute for Knowledge and Innovation (GWU‐IKI) and the inputs are augmented with references to literature on KM and knowledge workers.FindingsThe overall viewpoint leverages off the theme that the youngest of the workforce generations, the Millennials, born since 1981, are 76 million strong and rapidly coming of age. Furthermore, through a natural process of evolution, they are already coping with the virtual real time, simultaneous, social networking of the cloud computing, cyberspace demands that are generally seen as being overwhelming and beyond the “normal” human capacities for many in the older generations.Research limitations/implicationsViewpoints expressed on the multigenerational group of current and future knowledge workers, i.e. Traditionalists, Baby Boomers, GenXers and Millennials are extremely narrow and summary in nature. Reference to these segments of the workforce is limited to the context of this background setting, but extensive literature and active media coverage openly exists for each generation.Practical implicationsThe paper gives readers insights into the contents of the 11 papers comprising the special issue. Future traits, skills, aptitudes of workers, challenges of projected multi‐dimensional environments, real life practices for culture transformations, and emphasis on lifelong learning to cope with the escalating changes of the connected global society are highlighted.Originality/valueChildren quickly adapt to change and often become the language and culture guides to adults in foreign environments. The Millennials, youngest generation of knowledge workers, will guide the global workforce through the chaos, complexity and intellectual capacity overburden of the early twenty‐first century cyber‐socialization.
Widening the scope on complaints of police misconduct
Authors: Hassell Kimberly D. , Archbold Carol A. 
Published: September 2010

PurposeThis study aims to examine the relationship between officer characteristics, productivity levels, situational context, the complaint process and allegations of police misconduct in a Midwestern municipal police agency.Design/methodology/approachData were collected for all formal and informal complaints filed against patrol officers from 2002‐2005. Demographic information, arrest, citation and report data, as well as data regarding the number of officers on scene during the police citizen contact that resulted in the complaint were utilized in these analyses.FindingsThe analyses in this study demonstrate that more aggressive officers – those who issue a greater number of citations – will generate a greater number of complaints of misconduct. Two variables explain the processing of formal complaints: number of officers present and the nature of the complaint. Further, the analyses indicate that informal complaints are a viable source of data and that the collection and archival of informal complaints can be a useful indicator for internal control of police misconduct.Practical implicationsThe findings indicate that police departments must employ internal mechanisms, such as early warning systems to deal with police misconduct. Internal monitoring of police conduct may be the best way to detect misconduct as relying solely on citizen complaints as measures of police misconduct does not appear to be warranted.Originality/valueThis paper adds to the literature on complaints of police misconduct by including several variables not previously examined. Further, this study analyzes both formal and informal complaints; there are no other studies that examine informal complaints of misconduct. This study also investigates the complaint process, including frequency, nature, disposition and discipline administered following disposition of formal complaints.
Making domestic violence arrests: a test of expectancy theory
Authors: Johnson Richard R. 
Published: September 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to use expectancy motivation theory to test the influence of organizational work environment on aggregate patrol officer arrest activity with regard to domestic violence incidents.Design/methodology/approachAccording to expectancy motivational theory, the aggregate frequency of an individual officer's arrests at domestic violence incidents should be explained by the expectation to make domestic violence arrests, the capability to do so, the opportunity to do so, and the likelihood that these arrests will be rewarded. The present study used survey data from a sample of 401 municipal police officers representing 23 suburban police agencies in one metropolitan area in the midwestern USA. Multivariate analysis was used to investigate correlations between the officers' perceived work environment characteristics and their aggregate domestic violence arrest activity.FindingsAs predicted, officers who, in the aggregate, resolved the largest proportion of domestic violence incidents with an arrest, were more likely to perceive that domestic violence arrests were rewarded by their agency; operated under a departmental mandatory arrest policy; had received specialized training in domestic violence investigations; were patrol officers, and worked a night shift.Research limitations/implicationsThe limitations of this study include the fact that the sample is limited to suburban police officers in one metropolitan area, and the reliance on primarily self‐reported data on officer arrest outputs.Practical implicationsThe present study lends further support to the use of expectancy motivation theory as a viable framework for managing officer work outputs in a law enforcement organization.Originality/valueThe paper holds value for police administrators who seek to better manage officer behavior in the field. It holds value for scholars of policing who seek to better understand how the organizational work environment influences general tendencies in officer arrest behavior. Finally, it holds value for domestic violence reformers who are interested in policy reforms that would increase police enforcement efforts against domestic violence.
The code of silence and disciplinary fairness
Authors: Kutnjak Ivković Sanja , O'Connor Shelley Tara 
Published: September 2010

PurposeThis paper aims to explore how police officer rank affects the relation between the extent of the code of silence and views of discipline fairness.Design/methodology/approachIn 2005, 150 police supervisors and 450 line officers from East Bohemia, the Czech Republic were surveyed, regarding crucial components of police integrity.FindingsSupervisor and line officer codes of silence are similar; whenever the codes differ, the supervisor code seems to be narrower. The majority of line officers and supervisors provided similar assessments of the expected discipline; they disagreed only regarding a small number of scenarios. The results clearly show a direct relation between how strongly police officers adhere to the code of silence and the way they view disciplinary fairness, regardless of their supervisory status.Research limitations/implicationsThe survey included only police officers from East Bohemia in the Czech Republic.Practical implicationsThe methodology can be utilized by police administrators to explore the contours of the code of silence in their agencies, police officers' views about appropriate and expected discipline, as well as the relation between the police officers' willingness to tolerate misconduct in silence, and their perceptions of the fairness of the expected discipline.Originality/valueStudies exploring the relation between the code of silence and discipline fairness are rare. This study contributes to this scarce literature along two dimensions: first, it provides an in‐depth analysis of the relation between the extent of the code of silence and views of discipline fairness in an emerging democracy; and second, it explores the effect of police officer rank on this relation.
Employees' and managers' accounts of interactive workplace learning
Authors: Armson Genevieve , Whiteley Alma 
Published: September 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate employees' and managers' accounts of interactive learning and what might encourage or inhibit emergent learning.Design/methodology/approachThe approach taken was a constructivist/social constructivist ontology, interpretive epistemology and qualitative methodology, using grounded theory method. Data collection included semi‐structured interview, “complete this sentence” and “scenarios” from 51 respondents: 22 managers and 29 employees in four private sector organisations. As respondents' theories emerged, these informed the next round of data collection, this process named “theoretical sampling”. Managers and employees were asked about perceptions of their own role and the other's roles in learning.FindingsReciprocity and participative learning involving managers and employees emerged. There was dynamism to the data and evidence of both Billett's notion of affordances and Stacey's patterns of local interactions. Employees encouraged learning through peer discussions, and motivation/personal initiative. Managers encouraged learning through have a go coaching, formal training opportunities and working with company structure and resources. The data support the idea of complex and integrated learning.Practical implicationsThe data informed both managers and employees in such a way as to highlight the dynamic and complex interactions around learning processes. One practical implication is employee and manager training in emergence and complexity as learning environments. Ideas of complex responses and patterns of local interaction resonated with the data more than particular typologies of learning.Originality/valueThis paper captures insights, especially from employees, into the dialogue and dynamism of their learning opportunities, whilst supporting existing theories. The need for managers to “learn” employees' local interaction patterns emerged as a future research agenda, alongside the need to penetrate the social space of employee learning more deeply.
Lean production, market share and value creation in the agricultural machinery sector in Brazil
Authors: Forrester Paul L. , Kazumi Shimizu Ullisses , Soriano‐Meier Horacio , Arturo Garza‐Reyes Jose , Fernando Cruz Basso Leonardo 
Published: September 2010

PurposeThe “resource‐based view” (RBV) of firms considers that major operational and organisational advantages are created in the internal environment of a firm. The implementation of lean manufacturing represents the potential for strategic advantage over competitors, especially in craft‐based industries in developing regions of the world. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between the adoption of lean manufacturing and market share and value creation of companies in the agricultural machinery and implements sector in Brazil.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on data collected in a survey conducted across 37 firms in the agricultural machinery and implements industry in Brazil. The data were used within a model for assessing the degree of leanness to test three hypotheses using correlation, regression, analysis of variance and cluster statistical methods.FindingsBrazilian firms and managers in this sector that have supported a transition towards the adoption (and adaptation) of lean manufacturing practices have shown a significant improvement in their business performance.Originality/valueThe paper presents an empirical study where lean manufacturing is investigated and tested from a “RBV” perspective. It demonstrates the application of an emergent model for measuring the degree of leanness and the extent of business improvement. The study and the model are applied to smaller, craft‐based industries and so is applicable in developing countries and regions, in comparison with most literature on lean production in advanced economies. It provides a useful perspective for firms to corroborate and understand the potential benefits that lean manufacturing can bring if adopted.
Personal web usage and work inefficiency
Authors: Ramayah T. 
Published: September 2010

PurposeThis study looks at the usage of the internet for personal use during office hours. The study hopes to establish whether this unauthorized usages leads to work inefficiency.Design/methodology/approachA sample of 126 employees from the Penang Free Trade Zone area was conveniently selected to respond to a structured questionnaire. As this is only a preliminary study, a proper sampling frame was deemed not necessary. The purpose of the study was to get a feel of the current situation before proceeding on a larger scale.FindingsThe results indicate that the problem of personal web use during office hours is prevalent and this leads to work inefficiency. The personal web use was divided into four categories (personal downloading, personal information research, personal communication and personal e‐commerce). The regression results indicate that three of the usage are positively related to work inefficiency. Personal downloading (β=0.315, p< 0.01), personal information research (β=0.259, p<0.01), personal e‐commerce (β=0.280, p<0.05) whereas personal communication (β=0.038, p>0.05) was not significantly related to work inefficiency. This finding empirically confirms the previous notion that personal web usage leads to work inefficiency.Research limitations/implicationsThe research shows gross ignorance on the part of the employees about what is acceptable and what is not in terms of acceptable internet usage in the work place. The main limitation is that the sample was limited to a certain state in Malaysia and future research may want to cover a bigger geographical area.Practical implicationsThe employers have to embark on a campaign to educate the employees on the policy of acceptable use in their respective companies to arrest this phenomenon.Originality/valueNot many papers have been written looking at this issue and especially in the context of a developing country like Malaysia.
The globalization of film business and its effect on the Malaysian film industry
Authors: Rosnan Herwina , Nazari Ismail Mohd , Mohd Daud Norzaidi 
Published: September 2010

PurposeThe study aims to examine the impact of globalization of film business on the Malaysian film industry.Design/methodology/approachInterviews were conducted as the primary source of information from film industry players in Malaysia.FindingsGlobalization of film business gives an impact on the Malaysian film industry.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper focuses on the Malaysian film industry and concentrates only on globalization of film business impact.Practical implicationsThe results provide insights to the Malaysian film sector and other organizations of similar structure of how they could manage business strategies for improved business performance.Originality/valueThis paper is perhaps one of the first to investigate the impact of globalization on the Malaysian film industry.
Issues of China's rural development and policies
Authors: Chen Xiwen 
Published: September 2010

PurposeChina's economic and social structure are changing quickly since the start of the new century and how to balance the urban‐rural development has become a key point of the further development of the whole economy. Based on a brief review of rural policies since the new century, the paper aims to investigate whether these policies are successful and discusses what the government should do next as well as how to improve the reform and development of rural economy.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reviews the framework of China's rural policy since 2000 in the first section. Then, the impact of the financial crisis on rural development is analyzed. In the third section, this paper discusses the new issues of current rural reform and development.FindingsThe current rural polices are successful and have improved rural economic and social development greatly in the past six years. However, new problems have appeared such as insufficient funds for rural public services, inefficiency of agricultural subsidies, and unfair treatment of rural migrant workers and so on. The impact of the financial crisis on rural development is not as bad as anticipated.Originality/valueThe paper reviews the main policies of China's agriculture and rural development and points out the new issues during the rural reform. The impact of the financial crisis on rural development is discussed also. The paper's findings are very important for future policy making.
Grassland degradation and livelihoods in China's western pastoral region
Authors: Waldron Scott , Brown Colin , Longworth John 
Published: September 2010

PurposeChina has embarked on a major concerted strategy to arrest grassland degradation and livelihood problems in the western pastoral region. The paper aims to provide a framework through which this strategy can be understood and refined into the future.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on a typology of grassland policies – technical, administrative, and management – and a discussion of the emphasis that China has and should place on each policy category. Data are drawn from policy documents and interview material collected through extensive fieldwork in large tracts of China's western pastoral region.FindingsChina has appropriately pursued “top‐down” technical and administrative policies to address major and immediate degradation‐livelihoods problems. However, longer term solutions to the problems require the strengthening of management structures from the “bottom‐up”, especially amongst herders themselves and other economic factors.Practical implicationsThe paper proposes a series of concrete recommendations that may be considered as China refines its grasslands strategy into the future. The emphasis in the paper on the relationships between multi‐dimensional policies is of particular value in addressing multi‐dimensional grasslands‐livelihood problems.Originality/valueDespite the magnitude and implications of China's recent grasslands strategy, there is a dearth of English language studies on the subject, which this paper aims to fill. The paper includes numerous micro‐level insights gained from extensive fieldwork in the western pastoral region that are not evident in more macro‐level studies.
China's dairy markets: trends, disparities, and implications for trade
Authors: Wang Qingbin , Parsons Robert , Zhang Guangxuan 
Published: September 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review the growth and regional disparities of China's dairy market since 1980, examine urban consumer demand for three major dairy products (fluid milk, yogurt, and milk powder), analyze China's import patterns of major dairy products since 1995, and discuss China's potential roles in the world dairy market and implications for trade.Design/methodology/approachWhile the most recently available time‐series and cross‐sectional data from China are used to analyze the trends and disparities of China's milk production and dairy product consumption through graphical and regression analyses, China's custom data from 1995 to 2008 are used to examine the trends and patterns of China's dairy product imports.FindingsChina's dairy market has expanded rapidly in the past two decades but there are significant disparities across regions and income groups. The estimated income elasticities suggest that, as per capita income continues to increase, the demand for dairy products, especially yogurt and fluid milk, is expected to grow at a significant rate. The import trend and pattern analysis indicates that China's dairy imports will likely continue to grow and provide opportunities for major dairy product exporters like the USA, New Zealand, and Australia.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to the literature by examining the trends and disparities of China's dairy market using the most recently available data, presenting an estimation of demand elasticities for fluid milk, yogurt, and milk powder in urban China, and discussing the future prospects of China's dairy imports and implications for trade.
Experimenting with Embryos: Can Philosophy Help?
Authors: Heyd David 
Published: September 2010

Beyond the well‐known ethical issues involved in medical experimentation on human subjects, experimenting with embryos raises unique and particularly hard problems. Beside the psychological obstacles connected with the fear of ‘‘playing God" and the awe with which we hold the process of the creation of human beings, there are three philosophical problems which are the main subject of the article:1. The logical problem of circularity: the morality of experimenting on embryos is dependent on the status of the embryo, which in turn is partly decided by experimentation.2. The metaphysical problem: experiments are justified by the benefits they bring to human subjects; but it is doubtful whether an early embryo is a ‘‘subject" and whether coming into being is a ‘‘benefit".3. The moral problem: the standard constraint on medical experiments is that they benefit either the individual subject or at least members of a relevantly defined group of patients suffering from the same syndrome. But embryo experimentation is often associated with potential cure to people of a completely different category (like geriatric patients).Finally, the article discusses the limits of the force of philosophical arguments in the formation of actual policies for regulating such practices as experimenting with embryos. The widely‐shared fourteen‐day limit is shown to be a sound practical compromise despite the difficulties in justifying it philosophically.