bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Electromagnetic Therapy in the Treatment of Severe Dysmenorrhea in Young Women of Basrah
Authors: Al Hassan Raya Muslim , Abdullah Nawal Mustafa , Al Tawry Ali Mohammad Jawad 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is a public disease of young female worldwide, it affects their daily performances. Severe recurrent uterine cramps are the main complaints in 90% of adolescents and 50% of reproductive-age females. This study aimed to evaluate the use of magnetic field therapy in the treatment of severe dysmenorrhea grade 3 and provide an encouraging goal to continue daily work without pain.

Methods:
Two hundred and fifty female patients were recruited in this study from gynecological clinics in Basrah, southern Iraq. All had severe dysmenorrhea, patients were subjected to a questionnaire form, Visual Analog Scale, and verbal multidimensional scoring system to determine the pain intensity and grade of dysmenorrhea. Only 38 young females had severe dysmenorrhea grade 3 with ages ranging from 16 to 28 years with a mean age of 22.04 ± 1.43 years and body mass index 23.81 ± 1.94, patients subjected to electromagnetic field therapy (EMFT), two sessions per week for 20 min each for 6 weeks. Three categories were assessed, working ability, associated symptoms, and drugs used. Data were collected and statistically analyzed using SPSS version 22.

Results:
The present study showed statistically significant progress (P < 0.05) in reducing pain, rare physical and mental complaints, and improved working ability with no need for drugs in majority of patients.

Conclusion:
EMFT has better results than other methods in relieving pain and symptoms of dysmenorrhea with a settled lifestyle.
The effect of narrowband ultraviolet B on tissue level of interleukin-15 and interleukin-15 receptor alpha subunit in active nonsegmental vitiligo cases: an interventional cohort study
Authors: Youssef Randa , Emad Nourhan , Shaker Olfat , Mogawer Rania M. 
Published: May 2024

Background
Vitiligo is an acquired depigmenting skin disorder in which CD8 effector and memory T-cells contribute to its pathogenesis and recurrence. Interleukin (IL)-15 contributes to CD8 effector T-cell cytotoxicity and CD8 memory T-cell survival and maturation.

Objective
To evaluate the effect of total narrowband ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) on tissue levels of IL-15 and IL-15 receptor alpha (IL-15Ra) in active nonsegmental vitiligo.

Patients and methods
The patients were assessed clinically for vitiligo extent and activity before and after treatment. Perilesional skin biopsies were taken from 30 vitiligo patients before and after 48 sessions of NB-UVB and from 30 healthy controls. Tissue levels of IL-15 and IL-15 Ra were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay before and after treatment to evaluate the effect of NB-UVB on them.

Results
Before NB-UVB treatment, the tissue levels of both IL-15 and IL-15Ra were significantly higher in vitiligo patients than controls; moreover, they were significantly higher than those after NB-UVB treatment. In contrast, after NB-UVB treatment, no statistically significant difference was detected between the patients and controls. The levels of IL-15 and IL-15Ra were significantly correlated, whereas they were not correlated with either vitiligo activity or extent.

Conclusion
IL-15 and IL-15Ra were higher in vitiligo patients than controls before treatment. However, their tissue levels were normalized after treatment with NB-UVB, emphasizing its therapeutic potential.
Fractional CO2 laser, platelet rich plasma and combination of both in treatment of female pattern hair loss
Authors: Tawfik Abeer , Gahdan Noha , Nosseir Moataz 
Published: May 2024

Background
Female pattern hair loss (FPHL) is one of the most common chronic problems seen by dermatologists worldwide. Hair loss has a significant influence on the quality of life and is associated with low self-esteem and depression.
The treatment modalities vary from medical approaches to surgical interventions. However, limited perceived efficacy of a therapeutic regimen may lead to premature stoppage of treatment.

Objective
To evaluate the efficacy of platelet rich plasma (PRP), fractional CO2 laser and combination of both in treatment of FPHL.

Patients and methods
This is a split-scalp prospective interventional study in which thirty patients presenting with FPHL received PRP in one area, fractional CO2 in another one, combined fractional CO2 and PRP in a third one and saline intradermal injection in the fourth area in frontal and mid scalp region of scalp. The sessions were scheduled every 2 weeks for 4 sessions, then monthly for 2 months. Patients were evaluated after each session and 3months after the last session. The results were evaluated by trichoscopic and folliscopic examination in the four examined areas. Assessment of treatment response was done according to the count of terminal and vellus hair, the thickness and density of hair shafts and the percentage of change, determined by folliscopic examination. Patients’ satisfaction and side effects were evaluated.

Results
There was significant difference between the studied groups as regards percentage of change of terminal hair, vellus hair, hair thickness and hair density after treatment. Pairwise comparisons showed that the combined group was statistically better than either PRP, fractional CO2, or saline group as regards all studied parameters (P value was <0.05 for each).

Conclusion
Combination of fractional CO2 laser and topical PRP application would have a synergistic effect in treatment of FPHL. The technique would be an excellent alternative to injections in order to stimulate hair growth in patients with FPHL.
Assessment of peripheral blood toll-like receptor 2 expression and vitamin D serum level as predictors of response to intralesional vitamin D in the treatment of warts
Authors: Sanad Eman M. K. , Sanad Rana R. , Shahat Amany K. , Hamed Ahmed M. 
Published: May 2024

Background
Warts are common dermatological conditions caused by human papilloma virus. Most treatments for human papilloma virus rely on the destruction of involved tissue. The role of vitamin D injection in treating warts is thought to be via regulating cell proliferation and differentiation through the upregulation of vitamin D receptors and the induction of antimicrobial peptides.

Objective
To assess the clinical efficacy and safety of intralesional vitamin D in the treatment of cutaneous warts and also the significance of peripheral blood toll-like receptors 2 (TLR2) expression and serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in predicting the therapeutic success.

Patients and methods
In this prospective interventional study, 50 patients of cutaneous warts were subjected to history taking, proper dermatological examination, and peripheral venous blood collection for detection of TLR2 mRNA expression and a serum level of 25 (OH) D. Vitamin D3 was slowly injected into the base of the largest or the oldest wart at 2-week intervals.

Results
A total of 34 (69.4%) patients showed response to intralesional Vitamin D [21 (42.9%) showed complete resolution of all lesions, 13 (26.5%) showed partial clearing] and 15 (30.6%) patients showed poor or no response after four sessions. Serum level of vitamin D did not show a significant relation with treatment response. TLR2 expression was higher in the group showing complete response.

Conclusion
Intralesional vitamin D injection offers a safe and cost-effective therapy for different types of cutaneous warts. TLR2 expression in patients’ serum can be used to predict response to treatment by intralesional vitamin D, with better response in patients with higher expression.
Exploring the Impact of Orthodontic Treatment on Temporomandibular Joint Health
Authors: Pradhan Devina , Almalki Sultan A. , Sharma Richa , Mishra Samvit , Pathak Apurva , Jethlia Ankur , Makkad Ramanpal S. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Currently, one of the most prevalent oral abnormalities is malocclusion. There is a rising percentage of patients who are willing to undertake orthodontic procedures.

Aim:
To evaluate the impact of orthodontic treatment on the morphology of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in patients with malocclusion associated with TMJ abnormality such as skeletal class II deep bite malocclusion using CBCT.

Methods and Materials:
In total, 80 patients who underwent orthodontic treatment for skeletal class II deep bite malocclusion over a duration of 3 years were included. Parameters of the morphology of the condyle and glenoid fossa on CBCT scan both before and after orthodontic therapy were measured.

Results:
The maximum cross-sectional area of the condyle decreased from 99.84 ± 18.89 mm2 to 81.32 ± 16.80 mm2 after orthodontic treatment. The anterior condyle oblique inclination increased from 34.14 ± 2.98° to 36.52 ± 3.41° after orthodontic therapy. The articular eminence to the FH plane angle increased from 29.65 ± 2.53° to 33.29 ± 4.18° after orthodontic therapy.

Conclusion:
Orthodontic treatment is significantly correlated with improvement in TMJ health in patients of malocclusion.
In vitro Investigation of Resin Tag Lengths of Three Commercially Available Pit and Fissure Sealants
Authors: Sahu Nayan J. , Panwar Pratyaksha S. , Dhanak Nupur R. , Samir P V , Najeeb Ajmal , Rayast Deepa 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:
The aim of this in vitro study was to perform a comparative evaluation of the length of resin tags produced by three different types of pit and fissure sealants (Embrace WetBond, Helioseal Clear, and Fuji VII) using scanning electron microscopy.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty extracted mandibular premolars were randomly divided into three groups of ten. Each group was treated with one of the sealants – Embrace WetBond, Helioseal Clear, or Fuji VII. Following cleaning and preparation, the sealants were applied according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Teeth were then sectioned and prepared for SEM investigation, and the length of resin tags was measured.

Results:
Scanning electron microscopy revealed Embrace WetBond produced significantly longer resin tags than Helioseal Clear and Fuji VII.

Conclusion:
The study concludes that Embrace WetBond sealant exhibited the longest resin tags, which may suggest a stronger mechanical bond to enamel.
Proximate analysis and mineral contents of atella from traditional tella brewers in Jimma City, Ethiopia
Authors: Shifarew Tesfaye , Girma Asere Tsegaye , Yitibarek Menberu , Diro Abebe 
Published: May 2024

Atella is a by-product of Tella, a local brewed beverage. It is used as a food source to promote weight gain, development, and milk yield in cattle and sheep. The aim of this study was to analyze the physicochemical properties, nutritional composition, and mineral content of Atella. The samples of Atella were purposively collected from 25 Tella vendors in Jimma City, Ethiopia. The physicochemical properties and proximate analyses were performed using the AOAC method. The mineral contents of the samples were measured using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The results showed that the pH value was between 3.36 - 4.23, temperature (19.27 - 20.20 °C), conductivity (124.10 - 153.50 μS/cm), dry matter content (15.87 - 20.17%), crude protein content (16.47 - 18.72%), crude fat content (3.73 - 5.43%), crude fiber content (15.52 - 19.73%), total ash content (3.58 - 4.47%), carbohydrate content (35.02 - 40.50%), and gross energy (247.42 -271.13 kcal/g). The average concentrations of Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Cr, and Pb were 656.71, 274.74, 79.16, 7.73, 1.55, and 0.41 mg/kg, respectively. The results of the study show that Atella is a nutrient-rich source of essential nutrients, minerals, and energy.
KEY WORDS: Tella, Atella, Physicochemical properties, Proximate analysis, Mineral content
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(4), 825-837.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i4.1
Synthesis, spectroscopic, biological and structural characterizations for the gold(III), platinum(IV), and Ruthenium(III) ceftriaxone drug complexes
Authors: H. Alosaimi Eid 
Published: May 2024

Three new metal complexes of ceftriaxone (cef), incorporating platinum(IV), gold(III), and ruthenium(III), were prepared. The complexes were prepared using a 1:2 molar ratio between ceftriaxone sodium salt (Na2cef) to AuCl3, PtCl4, and RuCl3 salts in methanol solvent. The as-synthesized complexes were characterized using microanalytical techniques for C, H, N, and S elements, magnetic and molar conductance measurements, as well as spectroscopic methods including FTIR, 1H NMR, and UV-Vis. The shape, morphology and size calculations have been examined using SEM, TEM, and X-ray diffraction data. The cef complexes were six-coordinate systems possessing a distorted octahedral geometry. Through the oxygen of both triazine and carboxylate moieties with the chemical formulae [Au(cef)2(Cl)(H2O)] (I), [Pt(cef)2(Cl)2] (II), and [Ru(cef)2(Cl)(H2O)] (III) the antibiotic cef acts as a bidentate ligand towards three metal ions. The newly created complexes demonstrated antibacterial activity showing efficacy in comparison to the cef sodium ligands. In vitro, antibacterial assays against specific microorganisms were evaluated to assess the antibacterial activities of the complexes. Cytotoxicity assays for cef complexes were conducted for HepG-2 and MCF-7 cell lines, representing human hepatocellular carcinoma and breast cancer, respectively. A value of 22.4 g and 26.2 g for 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50), respectively, for HepG-2 and MCF-7 were obtained for [Ru(cef)2(Cl)(H2O)] (III).
KEY WORDS: Ceftriaxone sodium, Gold, Ruthenium, Platinum, Complexes, FTIR, IC50
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(4), 937-948.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i4.10
In silico and in vitro study of pyrimidones synthesized with ethylenediamine- modified β-cyclodextrin: potential against ESBL E. coli
Authors: Rajapriyan Manojkumar , Masood Khan Javed , Khan R. Imran , M. Sajith Ayyiliath , Ali Padusha M. Syed 
Published: May 2024

Modern organic synthesis is primarily focused on developing environmentally benign synthetic protocols by employing green chemistry principles. Accordingly, in our recent research work, we herein report the use of modified supramolecular host cyclodextrin as an effective solid based green catalyst for accessing structurally diverse and medicinally relevant pyrimidone architectures. The catalyst and the synthesized compounds 4 (a-r) were characterized using FT-IR, NMR and GC-mass spectroscopy. Major highlights of the reported work include the economical atom process, remarkably gentler reaction conditions, ease of operation, high isolated yields, and excellent catalyst turnover numbers. The molecular docking studies suggest that the compound 4n has hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic and π-pair interactions with the active site of the CXT M 15 receptor. Further, the in-vitro antibacterial study as well as the screening of anti-biofilm activity resulted in a BIC value of 76.79 ± 0.785% at a concentration of 10 µg/mL and morphological alterations induced by DHPMs against the ESBL E. coli strain aggregated with a good result.
KEY WORDS: Ethylenediamine modified β-CD, Multicomponent reaction, 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones DHPM derivatives, Solvent-free conditions, Reusability, Antibactercidal
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(4), 1103-1118.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i4.23
Pd(II), Pt(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) complexes of the newly prepared 1,2-benzo- isothiazol-3(2H)-dithiocarbamate (BIT-DTC) ligand
Authors: F. Alshdoukhi Ibtehaj , S.M.O. Al-barwari Alyaa , Mohammed Aziz Nazk , Khalil Thaaer , S. Faihan Ahmed , A. Al-Jibori Subhi , S. Al-Janabi Ahmed 
Published: May 2024

In the current work, we report the synthesis and characterization of new dithiocarbamate complexes derived from 1,2-benzoisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BitH). The ligand was synthesized by treating the BitH with carbon disulfide in a basic solution. The NMR technique confirmed the preparation of the ligand. The treatment of the Bit-dtcNa with the metal salt’s solution afforded the complexes of the type [M(Bit-dtc)2]; M = Zn, Cd, Hg, Pd, and Pt. The complexes were characterized via FT-IR and 1H-NMR techniques. The Zn, Pd, and Pt complexes were investigated theoretically, and some of their quantum properties were determined. These parameters include HOMO-LUMO energies, electron affinity, ionization potential, chemical hardness, dipole moment and the total energies of the optimized structures. Moreover, the surface structure of Zn and Hg complexes were investigated by SEM and XRD techniques. The SEM pattern showed a cubic structures for the Zn complex while the Hg complex appeared as a nano rods structure. The calculated average particle sizes for Zn and Hg complexes were 23 and 26 nm, respectively.
KEY WORDS: Dithiocarbamate, 1,2-Benzoisothiazol-3(2H)-one, DFT, SEM, XRD
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(3), 889-899.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i4.6
Enhancement of deposition rate by accelerators employing D-Mannitol as complexing agent
Authors: Jothilakshmi S. , Rekha S. , Vijayakumar B. 
Published: May 2024

Copper possesses better conductivity which makes it an ideal plating choice for the electronics and semiconductor industries. Copper electroless plating can be carried easily on non-conductors like plastics, ceramics, fabrics, glasses etc. One of the limitations of electroless plating is its very low plating rate, which is further reduced by the addition of stabilizers which is quite essential for the plating process. A stabilizer improves stability of bath and deposit qualities, but slows down the plating rate. The current study focuses on the enhancement of plating rate by the addition of accelerators in eco-friendly copper methane sulphonate bath. It is observed that accelerators like guanidine hydrochloride and 2,6-diaminopyridine improves the rate of deposition with good deposit quality. It was studied with weight gain method and analyzed with tafel polarization studies. The surface of the deposit was analyzed with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electrode microscope (SEM).
KEY WORDS: Copper, Methane sulphonic acid, Accelerators, Guanidine hydrochloride, 2,6- Diaminopyridine
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(4), 901-908.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i4.7
Online Streaming: A Paradigm Shift for Nollywood Movie Distribution
Authors: Odedina Joe 
Published: May 2024

The Nigerian movie distribution and exhibition business has undergone major transformation in the last few years due to technological innovation. The study is about Nollywood paradigm shift from hard copy movie distribution to online streaming services. The aim is to ascertain why producers are moving to soft screening through online pay-to-view platforms. The objectives were to find out if this new trend is financially beneficial to the producers and whether it will likely continue in the future. The study adopted qualitative methods to interrogate existing data on some of the most popular Nollywood films released online by Netflix. This is based on a snap-shot of Netflix’s popularity chart in the month of October, 2020 and news of cinema theatre films release around the same period. The findings are that the online distribution deals must have been profitable for the producers, judging by repeated use by some of them and others enlisting in the business. The expanding scope of Nollywood producers using these online streaming platforms for distributions of their work suggests the likelihood of a continuing process. The study concludes that this is a mutually beneficial relationship between local producers and online business global entities. It, therefore, recommends that Nollywood producers avoid signing exclusive deals with online distributors only. This will allow home-grown cinema theatres to be financially rewarding to prevent the nation’s cinema theatre chains from collapsing due to redundancy.
The Effect of School Labelling on Student Academic Performance at Morogoro Municipality in Tanzania
Authors: Gervas Imelda , Lweyemamu Deus 
Published: May 2024

This article investigated the effect of school labels such as private schools, special schools, and government schools on student academic performance at Morogoro municipality in Tanzania. It adopted a case study design and the sample size was drawn using purposive and simple random sampling techniques where a total of 20 respondents from the study area were involved in the study. The study adopted the mixed method research, using qualitative and quantitative approaches. The questionnaire was used to collect requisite information for students and quantitative data were analysed by using descriptive statistics to determine frequency and percentage whereas qualitative data were subjected to content analysis. Concerning the specific objectives of this study, it was revealed that the issue of performance-related pay was reported to be more implemented in special, seminary, and private schools than in public schools. In this system, teachers are paid an extra amount of money when they perform superior. The system does not often apply in public schools. Even when applied in public schools, there is full subjectivity to obtain the superior performer. Based on these findings, the study recommended that school administrators, especially in government secondary schools should ensure proper teacher motivational packages and that their schools have enough desks and chairs both in the classrooms and libraries. These items should frequently be checked for damage and whenever possible replaced.
The Writer’s Art as a Reflection of Society: Exploring the Literariness in Wale Okediran’s Novels
Authors: Atere Isaac Ojo 
Published: May 2024

This paper addresses one of the controversial issues in the literary domain: literariness. The literary artist is conscious of his social responsibility to society as the image-maker and the voice of the voiceless. His art should not be subjected to ridicule. Literariness has been given a colouration by text-oriented critics to mean a form of defamiliarization of text and meaning. This dimension sees the text with specific features which must be inherent to authenticate its literariness. However, the conventionalist approach of the text with emphasis on meaning and the readers-response, attempts to shape a more robust discussion on the subject of literariness. The method adopted in this study is a textual-analytical approach of Wale Okediran’s Tenants of the House, Strange Encounters, Boys at the Border and The Weaving Looms. The novels are comparatively discussed to demonstrate the literariness in them while attesting to the creative ingenuity of the author. The conclusion reached is that literariness in a literary work is subject to the fecundity of the text, the consciousness of the critic; his ideological stance and mental deportments, and contextual factors enveloped around the text.