bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nail Changes in Patients Receiving Systemic Isotretinoin Therapy
Authors: Yigit Dilek , Karaosmanoglu Nermin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

In this study, we aimed to describe isotretinoin-induced nail changes and to increase patients' compliance with treatment. A total of 200 patients diagnosed with acne vulgaris were included in the study, including 100 patients who started systemic isotretinoin treatment and 100 control patients who received topical acne treatment. The patients age, gender, treatment duration, total doses per month, type of nail changes were recorded. Patients with persistent nail changes were followed at 3rd and 6th month after treatment. A total of 34 patients had nail changes in the isotretinoin group. These changes included onychoschizia (55.9%), leukonychia (11.8%), onychorexis (8.8%), median nail dystrophy (5.9%), pyogenic granulomas (5.9%), chronic paronychia and granulation tissue (5.9%), onycholysis (2.9%) and Beau's line (2.9%). The rate of nail changes in the isotretinoin group was significantly higher than the topical treatment group (34% vs 11%, p:0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in terms of treatment duration between the patients with and without nail changes in the isotretinoin group. The total cumulative dose was significantly higher in patients with nail changes in isotretinoin group (p:0.043). Also, the regression of nail changes was slower in patients receiving higher cumulative doses (p:0.049). Isotretinoin increases the risk of nail changes, the most common being onychoschizia. The risk of developing nail changes have no association with treatment duration; however, it is associated with the total cumulative dose. Nail findings inducedby isotretinoin are completely reversible.
Relationship between gene expressions and retrotransposons
Authors: Yavas Cuneyd , Hussein Abdirizak , Tuten Cagla Nur , Alhalees Reem , Arvas Yunus Emre 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Transposable elements (TEs) are both a boon and a bane to eukaryotic organisms, depending on where they integrate into the genome and how their sequences function once integrated. TEs: long interspersed elements (LINEs) and short interspersed elements (SINEs). LINEs and SINEs are retrotransposons, meaning they transpose via an RNA intermediate. Transposons are DNA sequences capable of moving in genomes. Early evidence showed their accumulation in many species and suggested their continued activity in at least isolated organisms. With the development of various genomic technologies over the past decade, it has become abundantly clear that ongoing activity is the rule rather than the exception.
Results
Active transposons of various classes occur in plants and animals, including humans. They continue to create new insertions, have an enormous variety of structural and functional impacts on genes and genomes, and play important roles in genome evolution. Researchers have identified and measured transposon activities by employing various strategies. RNA interference (RNAi) refers to a mechanism in which cells control gene expression, protect the genome against mobile repetitive DNA sequences, retroelements, and transposons, and defend themselves against viruses. Two core components, the dicer and the Argonaut, are central to the RNAi machinery.
Conclusions
In this article, we aimed to understand how transposons are associated with neurological and cancer diseases. Studies have shown that transposons have a close relationship with these diseases. We summarize evidence of current transposon activity in various plant and animal genomes.
The relationship between post-traumatic stress in children and adolescents who underwent liver transplantation and post-traumatic stress in their mothers
Authors: çoban özge gizli , Aras Arzu , Önder Arif , Tek Sema Öznur , Adanır Aslı Sürer , Artan Reha 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Liver transplantation(LT) has become the standard treatment protocol for end-stage liver disease, metabolic disorders and, some types of liver tumors. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the quality of life and post-traumatic stress disorder in pediatric LT recipients and in their mothers.
Methods
Sixty-one children and adolescents who had undergone LT aged 1–18 years took part in this study. The control group consisted of 25 healthy children and adolescents. Participants fulfilled the Child Depression Inventory, Child Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder-Reaction Index, The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory. Mothers fulfilled the Family Assessment Device and PTSD Checklist-Civilian.
Results
The physical, psychosocial, and total health scores in the patient group were significantly lower than in the control group. Child-traumatic stress scores were significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group. However, there were no significant differences between groups in terms of child depression scores and maternal traumatic stress scores. There was a negative correlation between maternal traumatic stress scores and child-psychosocial health scores. Maternal traumatic stress scores also correlated positively with child traumatic stress scores.
Conclusion
Mothers of the LT recipients can benefit from psychoeducation about the symptoms of post-transplant traumatic stress and providing psychological support to caregivers may help with the stress of caring for a child with LT.
Feline Hyperkalemia: Unveiling the Role of Insulin Therapy in Treatment
Authors: Kachave Omkarsing , Shisode Shilpa 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

This study presents a case report of a 6-month-old feral cat with symptoms of weakness, inappetence, and vomiting, diagnosed with acute kidney failure and hyperkalemia. Clinical examination revealed elevated serum levels of creatinine, BUN, and potassium. Treatment involved fluid therapy, antibiotics, antiemetics, and diuretics, alongside insulin and dextrose for hyperkalemia management. Following three days of treatment, significant improvement was observed in biochemical parameters. The discussion explores various treatment options for hyperkalemia, focusing on the mechanism of action of insulin and dextrose in promoting intracellular potassium transport while addressing the risk of hypoglycemia. This case underscores the importance of timely intervention and appropriate management strategies in addressing hyperkalemia in veterinary practice.
Visceral adipose tissue area and proportion provide distinct reflections of cardiometabolic outcomes in weight loss; Pooled analysis of MRI-assessed CENTRAL and DIRECT PLUS dietary randomized controlled trials
Authors: Klein Hadar , Zelicha Hila , Meir Anat Yaskolka , Rinott Ehud , Tsaban Gal , Kaplan Alon , Chassidim Yoash , Gepner Yftach , Blüher Matthias , Ceglarek Uta , Isermann Berend , Stumvoll Michael , Shelef Ilan , Qi Lu , Li Jun , Hu Frank B , Stampfer Meir J , Shai Iris 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is well established as a pathogenic fat depot, while superficial subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) is associated with an improved or no association with the cardiovascular state. However, it is unclear to what extent VAT area (VATcm2) and its proportion of total abdominal adipose tissue (VAT%) are distinguished in predicting cardiometabolic status and clinical outcomes during weight loss.
Methods
We integrated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements of VAT, deep-SAT, and superficial-SAT from two 18-month lifestyle weight loss clinical trials, CENTRAL and DIRECT-PLUS (n = 572).
Results
At baseline, the mean VATcm2 was 134.8cm2 and VAT%=28.2%; over 18-months, participants lost 28cm2 VATcm2 (-22.5%), and 1.3 VAT% units. Baseline VATcm2 and VAT% were similarly associated with metabolic syndrome, hypertension, and diabetes status, while VAT% better classified hypertriglyceridemia. Conversely, higher VATcm2 was associated with elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), while VAT% was not. After 18 months of lifestyle intervention, both VATcm2 and VAT% loss were significantly associated with decreased triglycerides, HbA1c, chemerin, ferritin, and liver enzymes, and increased HDL-c levels beyond weight loss (FDR < 0.05). Only VATcm2 loss was correlated with decreased HOMA-IR and leptin levels.
Conclusions
Although increased VATcm2 and VAT% exhibit similar clinical manifestations, it might be preferable to examine VAT% when exploring lipid status, while VATcm2 may better reflect inflammatory and glycemic states.
Trial registration:
CENTRAL (Clinical-trials-identifier: NCT01530724); DIRECT-PLUS (Clinical-trials-identifier: NCT03020186)
Identification of Potential Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Using Machine Learning, Molecular Docking and MD Simulation
Authors: Nayarisseri Anuraj , Bhrdwaj Anushka , Khan Arshiya , Sharma Khushboo , Shaheen Uzma , Panwar Umesh , V. Natchimuthu , Dey Taniya , Kumar Abhishek , Panicker Aravind , Prajapati Leena , Junior Francisco Jaime Bezerra Mendonça , Singh Sanjeev Kumar 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The advent of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, has promoted physical and mental health worldwide. Due to the unavailability of effective antiviral drugs, there is an unmet demand for a robust therapeutic approach for the development of anti-COVID-19 drugs. Multiple investigations have established that ACE2 is the primary receptor for the causal virus of COVID-19, and this amalgamation of ACE2 with the spike protein of the coronavirus is essential for viral entry into host cells and inducing infection. As a result, limiting or restricting the accessibility of the virus to ACE2 offers a different tactical approach to averting this illness. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the most effective inhibitors with an augmented affinity for the ACE2 protein and evaluate their pharmacological efficacy. The pre-established repurposed viral compounds, Birinapant, Remdesivir, etc., and the ACE2-inhibiting compounds, Quninaprill, Moexipril, etc., were taken as test datasets, and machine learning algorithms were employed to govern the novel compounds. Furthermore, comparative analyses were also performed for both the new machine-learning compounds and pre-established compounds via the MD simulation approach to confirm the structural stability. The study concluded that the machine learning compound (CID: 23658468) could be a potential drug for the treatment of COVID-19.
Implementation of a shared decision making process for severe stroke-a mixed methods study
Authors: Visvanathan Akila , Morton Sarah , MacRaild Allan , Black Polly , Gilbert Sophie , Barber Mark , Dennis Martin , O'Brien Richard , Mead Gillian 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Clinical decisions made early after stroke can make the difference between survival with disability or death. We aimed to develop, implement and evaluate a new Shared decision making (SDM) process for severe stroke into a regional 36 bedded stroke unit.
Methods
We developed the process through four coproduction workshops, attempted its implementation then evaluated its impact on death, discharge to institutional care (care home or NHS continuing care) and tube feeding at 6 months. We also explored patients,’ families’ and staff views about SDM.
Results
Eleven people (staff and people with lived experience of stroke) attended the first co-production workshop, eight the second, seven the third and six the fourth. The new SDM process incorporated Tailored Talks (a digital platform with information about stroke) and an implementation plan.We implemented this process on 1st August 2022. Only eight out of 1020 patients received Tailored Talks (four before and four after implementation). For the entire group there was no change in tube feeding, discharge to institutional care or death. The proportion of people with severe strokes dead at six months was lower after implementation (p=0.04), though the significance of this is uncertain. Staff interviews suggested that insufficient time, lack of a ‘human touch’ and inadequate leadership explained the lack of implementation.
Conclusion
Our co-produced SDM process was not effectively implemented into a stroke unit and there was no impact on the use of tube feeding, discharge to institutional care or death at six months.
Mental fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome in clinical practice
Authors: Pizova N. V. , Pizov A. V. 
Published: May 2024

Fatigue is an extremely disabling symptom both in healthy people and in various diseases. Physical fatigue is characterized by limitations in physical functioning, while mental/cognitive fatigue involves difficulties in concentrating and performing cognitive tasks. Mental and physical fatigue exist in both pathological and physiological fatigue. Fatigue is primarily an adaptive physiological process. It is a signal to have a rest and helps conserve energy to prevent injury, which can be useful after intense work, or when the body’s defenses need to be redistributed, for example, during infectious disease. It is important to distinguish between fatigue or tiredness and chronic fatigue syndrome in clinical practice. Chronic fatigue syndrome has multisystem manifestations and affects millions of people globally. Although the exact aetiology of chronic fatigue syndrome is uncertain, the studies point to neurological, immunological, autonomic and energy disorders. The main sings of chronic fatigue syndrome are debilitating fatigue that is worsened by activity, poor exercise tolerance, unrefreshing sleep and cognitive impairment. Reduced information processing speed is the most common cognitive impairment in chronic fatigue syndrome. Other manifestations include decreased reaction time, working memory, and attention. These symptoms must persist for at least 3–6 months for a diagnosis to be made. As there are no specific tests for chronic fatigue syndrome, a diagnosis can be established on the basis of a medical history and physical examination.Although there are no standards-based methods specific to chronic fatigue syndrome, clinicians can reduce the severity of symptoms using pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment approaches that have proved their efficacy in clinical practice. In particular, nootropics are widely used in asthenic conditions and chronic fatigue syndrome. Fonturacetam is a nootropic drug that directly activates brain integration activities, promotes memory consolidation, and improves concentration and mental activity.
Probiotics for Inflammatory Bowel Disease; A Deep Dive into their Impact
on Disease Course and Associated Health Risks
Authors: Hassan Wassan Nori Mohammed , Al-kaabi Methaq Mueen , Akram Nabeeha Najatee , Kassim Mustafa Ali Kassim , Pantazi Alexandru Cosmin 
Published: May 2024

:
To date, the underlying pathology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is undetermined.
Disturbance of intestinal gut microbiota was implicated in many health diseases,
including IBD. Increasing evidence suggests that probiotics play a beneficial role
in restoring the balance of the gut ecosystem. This review searched multiple databases
for relevant works that examined probiotics' possible benefits in adults with IBD. Probiotic
mode of action in ulcerative colitis patients and Crohn's disease were examined
with respect to probiotic strain, their benefits, and their advantages in adult cases. Eligible
studies for inclusion were assessed and analyzed. They were effective in reducing
IBD disease course, inducing and maintaining remission, particularly for ulcerative colitis
patients, with good efficacy and safety profile. However, the evidence for Crohn's disease
was lacking. Probiotics positively affect IBD-related risks, reducing the risk of gastrointestinal
malignancy and optimizing treating them. Additionally, they improved reduced
fertility odds for both genders. The osteoporosis risk among IBD patients was also
reduced, although the duration of use and dose were still not established. There was
an encouraging role for them in reducing IBD -cardiovascular risks among cases with
acute myocardial infarction and those with chronic heart failure. Finally, they had novel
use in reducing IBD-related depression and improved overall mental health. In conclusion,
we recommend probiotics as an adjuvant therapeutic option for IBD therapy for ulcerative
colitis; however, their role in Crohn's disease needs further research.
Association between Dietary Vitamin E Intake and the Risk of Hypertension in US Adults
Authors: Liu Chang , Liang Dan 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Many studies have shown that Vitamin E (VitE) intake has beneficial effects
on human health, but the relationship between VitE intake and Blood Pressure (BP) is not
well understood. Thus, our present study aimed to assess the relationship between VitE intake and
hypertension, systolic and diastolic BP in US (United States) adults.

Method:
We used data from the 2003-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).
Weighted multivariate regression analysis, subgroup analysis, and Restricted Cubic Splines
(RCS) were used to explore the independent associations between VitE intake and hypertension,
systolic and diastolic BP. A total of 32,371 participants were included in this study. The
mean VitE intake of participants was 8.50 ± 0.08 mg/d. The prevalence of hypertension in subjects
was 37.76% and it decreased with increasing VitE intake quartiles (quartile 1: 40.97%, quartile
2: 37.60%, quartile 3: 37.47%, quartile 4: 35.66%). A significant negative correlation was
found between VitE intake and hypertension.

Result:
We also observed a significant negative association between VitE intake and systolic BP
(model 1: β = -0.11, 95% CI: -0.15 ~ -0.07; model 2: β = -0.09, 95% CI: -0.12 ~ -0.05; and model
3: β = -0.05, 95% CI: -0.10 ~ -0.01). Quartile 2 of dietary VitE intake significantly correlated to a
lower diastolic BP compared to the lowest quartile of VitE intake (model 3: β = -0.72, 95%CI:
-1.26~-0.18).

Conclusion:
In US adults, VitE intake has not been significantly found to be associated with hypertension,
but it has been found to exhibit a negative association with both systolic and diastolic
BP in US adults.
Clinical Presentations and Intense FDG-avidity in Pulmonary Angiomatoid
Fibrous Histiocytoma with Potential Diagnostic Pitfalls: A Case Report and
Literature Review
Authors: Luo Xiu-Qin , Qi Wan-Ling , Liu Qian , Zeng Qing-Yun , Luo Zhe-Huang 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma (AFH) is a borderline tumor usually affecting the the children or young adults. 18F-Fluorodexoyglucose (FDG)
positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) investigations of pulmonary AFH are rare, and there are currently no reports of
intense FDG uptake in AFH.

Case Report:
We report an AFH that occurred in the lung of a 57-year-old woman. She presented with paroxysmal cough and occasional bloodshot sputum. 18FFDG
PET/CT revealed a right parahilar nodule with intense FDG-avidity, middle lobe atelectasis, and several bilateral axillary lymph nodes with
mild hypermetabolic activity. This patient underwent a right middle lobe lobectomy via video-assisted thoracoscopy. Histopathologically, the
diagnosis was pulmonary AFH. She had an uneventful postoperative course, and the bilateral axillary lymph nodes regressed during postoperative
follow-up.

Conclusions:
The clinical presentation and image findings of patients with primary pulmonary AFH may be potential diagnosis pitfalls. The diagnosis of lymph
nodes or distant metastases should be approached with caution. To avoid misdiagnosis, biopsy with histological examination and
immunohistochemichal staining should be performed as early as possible.
International Alliance of Urolithiasis (IAU) guideline on retrograde intrarenal surgery (Russian adaptation)
Authors: Zeng Guohua , Traxer Olivier , Zhong Wen , Osther Palle , Pearle Margaret , Preminger Glenn M. , Mazzon Giorgio , Seitz Christian , Geavlete Petrisor , Fiori Christian , Ghani Khurshid R. , Chew Ben H. , Git Kah Ann , Vicentini Fabio Carvalho , Papatsoris Athanasios , Brehmer Marianne , Martínez Juan López , Cheng Jiwen , Cheng Fan , Gao Xiaofeng , Gadzhiev Nariman K. , Gorelov Dmitri S. , Pietropaolo Amelia , Proietti Silvia , Ye Zhangqun , Sarika Kemal 
Published: May 2024

Introduction. The emergence of new scientiﬁc and clinical evidence on the use of retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) for the management of kidney stones has prompted periodic systematisation, analysis, and evaluation of outcomes to standardise its application and determine future directions for research and development.Objective. To present the Russian adaptation of a guideline on retrograde intrarenal surgery from the International Urolithiasis Alliance guideline series to provide a theoretical basis for urologists performing RIRS.Materials & Methods. A systematic review was conducted on the RIRS-associated publications available in the PubMed database to prepare a set of recommendations during the period from 1 January 1964 until 1 October 2021. The recommendations were evaluated using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) system, which classiﬁes, evaluates, develops, and examines recommendations. The modiﬁed Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine's (OCEBM) system for categorising the level of evidence and relevant comments have been applied to assess the strength of the conclusions.Results. The research team conducted a comprehensive analysis of 36 published clinical guidelines on the following topics: 1. Indications and Contraindications 2. Preoperative Imaging 3. Preoperative Ureteral Stenting 4. Preoperative Medications 5. Perioperative Use of Antibiotics 6. Use of Antithrombotic Therapy 7. Anesthesia Issues 8. Intraoperative Positioning 9. Equipment 10. Complications.Conclusion. A series of recommendations for RIRS, oﬀered here should help provide safe and eﬀective performance of RIRS.