bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mixed methods in business and management: A call to the ‘first generation’
Authors: Cameron Roslyn 
Published: April 2011

AbstractMixed methods is a youthful but increasingly robust methodological movement characterised by: a growing body of trans-disciplinary literature; prominent research methodologists/authorities; the emergence of mixed method specific journals, research texts, and courses; a growth in popularity amongst research funding bodies. Mixed methods is being utilised and reported within business and management fields, despite the quantitative traditions attached to certain business and management disciplines. This paper has utilised a multistrand conversion mixed model research design to undertake a retrospective content analysis of refereed papers (n = 281) from the 21st Australian and New Zealand Academy of Management (ANZAM) Conference 2007. The aim of the study is to provide a methodological map of the management research reported at the conference, and in particular the use, quality and acceptance level of mixed methods research within business and management fields. Implications for further research are discussed along with a call to the ‘first generation’ of business and management mixed method researchers to instigate mixed methods research training and capacity building within their respective business schools, relevant academies and associated professional forums and publications.
Digital Multiplexed Gene Expression Analysis Using the NanoString nCounter System
Authors: Kulkarni Meghana M. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis unit presents the protocol for the NanoString nCounter Gene Expression Assay, a robust and highly reproducible method for detecting the expression of up to 800 genes in a single reaction with high sensitivity and linearity across a broad range of expression levels. The methodology serves to bridge the gap between genome‐wide (microarrays) and targeted (real‐time quantitative PCR) expression profiling. The nCounter assay is based on direct digital detection of mRNA molecules of interest using target‐specific, color‐coded probe pairs. It does not require the conversion of mRNA to cDNA by reverse transcription or the amplification of the resulting cDNA by PCR. Each target gene of interest is detected using a pair of reporter and capture probes carrying 35‐ to 50‐base target‐specific sequences. In addition, each reporter probe carries a unique color code at the 5′ end that enables the molecular barcoding of the genes of interest, while the capture probes all carry a biotin label at the 3′ end that provides a molecular handle for attachment of target genes to facilitate downstream digital detection. After solution‐phase hybridization between target mRNA and reporter‐capture probe pairs, excess probes are removed and the probe/target complexes are aligned and immobilized in the nCounter cartridge, which is then placed in a digital analyzer for image acquisition and data processing. Hundreds of thousands of color codes designating mRNA targets of interest are directly imaged on the surface of the cartridge. The expression level of a gene is measured by counting the number of times the color‐coded barcode for that gene is detected, and the barcode counts are then tabulated. Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol. 94:25B.10.1‐25B.10.17. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Risk factors for aortic valve disease in bicuspid aortic valve: A family‐based study
Authors: Calloway Troy J. , Martin Lisa J. , Zhang Xue , Tandon Animesh , Benson D. Woodrow , Hinton Robert B. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common cardiovascular malformation and is a risk factor for aortic valve disease (AVD). AVD typically manifests later in life, and the majority of cases have BAV. The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for AVD in individuals with BAV. Families enriched for BAV were identified in a pediatric population, and echocardiography was performed on all family members. AVD was identified as stenosis and/or insufficiency, and BAV morphology was defined as right–left (RL), right–non (RN) or indeterminate. Heritability (h2) of AVD and BAV morphology was estimated using variance components analysis (SOLAR). To assess AVD risk over time, we used Generalized Estimating Equations methodology (SAS) adjusting for age and gender. A total of 1,128 individuals from 226 families were evaluated. BAV was identified in 281 individuals (25%), and AVD was identified in 167 (59%) individuals with BAV. Previously, we identified a high heritability for BAV (h2 = 0.89 ± 0.06, P < 0.00001), but the heritability of AVD in the present study (0.07 ± 0.17, P = 0.33) was low. AVD was significantly associated with BAV morphology (P = 0.0027) and age (P = 0.0068). Children with RN BAV and adults with RL BAV were more likely to develop AVD. BAV is determined largely by genetic effects, but the phenotypic variability of AVD is primarily determined by nongenetic factors. BAV morphology may have predictive value for the time course of AVD. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Visual threshold is set by linear and nonlinear mechanisms in the retina that mitigate noise
Authors: Pahlberg Johan , Sampath Alapakkam P. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn sensory biology, a major outstanding question is how sensory receptor cells minimize noise while maximizing signal to set the detection threshold. This optimization could be problematic because the origin of both the signals and the limiting noise in most sensory systems is believed to lie in stimulus transduction. Signal processing in receptor cells can improve the signal‐to‐noise ratio. However, neural circuits can further optimize the detection threshold by pooling signals from sensory receptor cells and processing them using a combination of linear and nonlinear filtering mechanisms. In the visual system, noise limiting light detection has been assumed to arise from stimulus transduction in rod photoreceptors. In this context, the evolutionary optimization of the signal‐to‐noise ratio in the retina has proven critical in allowing visual sensitivity to approach the limits set by the quantal nature of light. Here, we discuss how noise in the mammalian retina is mitigated to allow for highly sensitive night vision.
Interactive soft‐fabrics watering simulation on GPU
Authors: Huang Chen , Sun Hanqiu , Liu Shiguang , Li Ping 
Published: April 2011

AbstractPhysics‐based simulation is usually complex and time consuming, and consequently not suitable for real‐time applications. In this paper, we propose the efficient dynamics models for the real‐time simulation of soft fabrics interacting with water, including multi‐soaking effect and underwater dynamics. The multi‐soaking effect of soft fabrics is modeled based on the physics processes. Further, we develop the optimized mass–spring model that supports the large flow forces interacting with the fabrics underwater. The fabric spring forces are linearly derived and integrated with GPU–CUDA acceleration, feasible for real‐time VR applications with large set of fabric particles. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Paint‐on‐glass animation: the fellowship of digital paint and artisanal control
Authors: Van Laerhoven Tom , Di Fiore Fabian , Van Haevre William , Van Reeth Frank 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn this paper we deal with paint‐on‐glass animation, which is a technique for making animated films by pushing slow‐drying paints from frame to frame directly under the camera. As artwork is continuously destroyed upon creating new frames, the animator is not able to rehearse or refine the animation afterwards. Furthermore, due to impracticable issues like how to stack up layers containing wet paint or how to overlay masks on the wet medium, one has to take both creative as technical decisions for each shot. Our approach consists of an interactive paint setup that physically simulates paint media. Together with a set of digital tools the artist is relieved from the difficult task of sustaining a constant frame‐to‐frame coherence while animating and is given the possibility to modify or undo earlier paint modifications. Regarding the interaction part, the artist stays in full control by employing a tangible interface. This allows artists to push pigment with their fingers, use special‐purpose digital brushes, or even to employ real life tools like paper tissue. Feedback from artists confirms the real‐life behaviour of stretching and smudging the paint as well as interacting with the setup, resulting in a natural and reality‐based methodology. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental Apparatus for Studying Heat Transfer in Externally Heated Rotary Kilns
Authors: Thammavong P. , Debacq M. , Vitu S. , Dupoizat M. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractRotary kilns are widely used in several branches of the chemical industry. In order to control the temperature of the solid and the gas flowing through the kiln, it is important to understand the heat exchange phenomena that occur. The design and construction of a novel experimental device to study heat exchange in rotary kilns is described. The device, which comprises a rotary kiln equipped with an external electrical heating system, enables the study of the influence of various parameters such as the solid flow rate, the kiln inclination angle, the rotational speed, or the presence of lifters on heat exchange and in particular on the heat exchange coefficient between the solid and the wall. Preliminary experimental results concerning the influence of the solid flow rate and the rotational speed on the solid‐to‐wall heat exchange coefficient are presented.
Integration of Ultrafiltration Unit Operations in Biotechnology Process Design
Authors: Grote F. , Fröhlich H. , Strube J. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA stepwise process design approach is proposed to model membrane unit operations generally in combination with experimental model parameter determination in laboratory scale, in order to predict the purification performance a priori by simulations for multicomponent mixtures. The development of a rigorous model for an ultrafiltration membrane is described. In conceptual process design, the degree of comprehension of all unit operations integrated have to be almost identical to be able of any consistent process proposal taking equipment‐related fluid‐dynamical and kinetic nonidealities besides thermodynamical feasibility into account. Therefore, a process model, combining the most limiting factors within one mathematical model, is established and various filtrations are carried out with a binary solution for validation. Additionally, a standard laboratory equipment is instituted for logging time‐dependent concentration profiles. The practicability of the proposed procedure is proven in order to design and integrate ultrafiltration membranes into total purification processes.
Integrated Simulated Moving Bed Processes for Production of Single Enantiomers
Authors: Palacios J. G. , Kaspereit M. , Kienle A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBased on the assumption of true moving bed processes it was demonstrated that integration of a racemization reaction into a continuous chromatographic process can improve the production of single enantiomers. In view of possible practical implementations, the analysis is extended to more realistic simulated moving bed (SMB) processes. Superstructures of SMB‐based systems are defined that reflect the three general concepts of flow sheet, partial, and total process integration. Process candidates are generated by simultaneously optimizing process structure and operating conditions. Optimal process setups are determined under idealized conditions as a function of the purity requirement. The best performance is achieved by fully integrated processes. These are compared under more realistic conditions to units with side reactors. The results indicate that a simple fully integrated SMB system with three zones is a particularly promising new process option. The new concept is investigated in detail to identify relevant practical aspects.
Reactions of Dimeric Aluminium Hydride Compounds Containing Bidentate Dianionic Pyrrolyl Ligands and Their Applications in Ring‐Opening Polymerization of ϵ‐Caprolactone
Authors: Chen Ya‐Chi , Lin Che‐Yu , Huang Wen‐Yen , Datta Amitabha , Huang Jui‐Hsien , Tsai Meng‐Shiue , Lee Ting‐Yu , Tu Cheng‐Yi , Hu Ching‐Han 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA series of dimeric aluminium compounds containing substituted bidentate dianionic pyrrolyl ligands have been synthesized and their reactivity and application in the ring‐opening polymerization of ϵ‐caprolactone have been studied. The reactions of [{C4H3N(2‐CH2NtBu)}AlH]2 (1) with 2 equiv. of 1‐indanone and 9‐fluorenone in dichloromethane generated [{C4H3N(2‐CH2NtBu)}Al(μ‐OC9H9)]2 (2) and [{C4H3N(2‐CH2NtBu)}Al{μ‐OCH(C12H8)}]2 (3), respectively, by hydroalumination. Similarly, the reactions of 1 with 2 equiv. of 2‐cyclohexen‐1‐one, 1‐(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)‐1‐ethanone, benzophenone, and 1,1‐diphenylacetone in dichloromethane afforded NtBu‐bridged dialuminium compounds 4–7, [{C4H3N(2‐CH2NtBu)}Al(OR)]2 [4, R = C6H9; 5, R = CH(Me)(C6H2‐2,4,6‐Me3); 6, R = CHPh2; 7, R = CH(Me)(CHPh2)] by insertion. A similar insertion occurred when 1 was treated with 2 equiv. of 2,4‐pentandione and dibenzoylmethane in dichloromethane to yield NtBu‐bridged dioxylate aluminium dimeric compounds 8 and 9, respectively. The Al atoms in compounds 2 and 4–7 possess a distorted tetrahedral geometry whereas the Al atoms in 8 and 9 have a square‐pyramidal environment. All the compounds have been well characterized by NMR spectroscopy and compounds 2 and 4–9 in the solid state were subjected to X‐ray diffraction analysis. A study of the polymerization of ϵ‐caprolactone revealed that the activity of the Al complexes is largely reliant on the steric nature of the substituents of their alkoxide groups.
Development of a convection–diffusion–reaction model for solving Maxwell's equations in frequency domain
Authors: Sheu Tony W. H. , Lin K. C. , Li J. H. 
Published: April 2011

SUMMARYWe propose in this study a numerically accurate and computationally efficient convection–diffusion–reaction finite difference scheme to discretize the full‐vector and semi‐vector optical waveguide equations. The scheme formulated in a grid stencil of five nodal points for solving the three‐dimensional waveguide equations employs the locally analytic solution. In this three‐dimensional study, calculations were carried out for the investigation of wave propagation in diffused channel, rectangular and rib types of optical waveguide. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prediction from the One‐Way Error Components Model with AR(1) Disturbances
Authors: Kouassi Eugene , Sango Joel , Bosson Brou J.M. , Teubissi Francis N. , Kymn Kern O. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTIn this paper we extend the works of Baillie and Baltagi (1999, in Analysis of Panels and Limited Dependent Variables Models, Hsiao C et al. (eds). Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK; 255–267) and generalize certain results from the Baltagi and Li (1992, Journal of Forecasting 11: 561–567) paper accounting for AR(1) errors in the disturbance term. In particular, we derive six predictors for the one‐way error components model, as well as their associated asymptotic mean squared error of multi‐step prediction in the presence of AR(1) errors in the disturbance term. In addition, we also provide both theoretical and simulation evidence as to the relative efficiency of our alternative predictors. The adequacy of the prediction AMSE formula is also investigated by the use of Monte Carlo methods and indicates that the ordinary optimal predictor performs well for various accuracy criteria. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural trends in TeI2RR′: Crystal structures and NMR spectra of TeI2(CH2SiMe3)2, TeI2Th(CH2SiMe3), TeI2Ph(CH2SiMe3), and TeI2Th2 (Th = 2‐Thienyl, C4H3S)
Authors: Poropudas Merja J. , Vigo Ludmila , Oilunkaniemi Raija , Laitinen Risto S. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractTeI2(CH2SiMe3)2(1), TeI2Th(CH2SiMe3 (2), TeI2Ph(CH2SiMe3)(3), and TeI2Th2(4) (Th = 2‐thienyl) were synthesized in excellent yields from the corresponding tellanes and I2. The products were characterized by 125Te NMR spectroscopy and single crystal X‐ray crystallography. Each TeI2RR′ molecule shows a trigonal bipyramidal coordination around tellurium with the iodine atoms occupying axial positions, and the organic groups and the lone pair occupying equatorial positions. The TeI bonds and the ITeI angles in 1–4 span a range of 2.8407(9)–3.0194(10) Å and 171.85(2)–175.71(2)°, respectively. The TeC bonds and CTeC angles show respective ranges of 2.100(6)–2.136(7) Å and 95.1(3)–100.9(3)°. In the solid state, the molecules show a varying degree of secondary bonding interactions. With the exception of TeI2(CH2SiMe3)2 (1), the compounds show Te···I or I···I secondary bonding interactions leading to supramolecular assemblies. TeI2Ph(CH2SiMe3) crystallizes as two polymorphs. One (3a) is isomorphic with TeI2Th(CH2SiMe3) (2). The other (3b) shows a lattice of two alternating layers of molecules. In one layer, the molecules are linked into a two‐dimensional network by Te···I and I···I interactions whereas the second layer consists of discrete dimers. The strongest Te···I secondary bonding interactions are observed for TeI2Th2. The lattice is composed of tetramers that is reminiscent of those in γ‐ and δ‐TeI4 and also have precedent in TeI2RR′ species. The structures of TeI2Me2 and TeI2Ph2 have been considered for comparison. The trends in 125Te NMR chemical shifts in TeI2RR′ (R, R′ = Me, CH2SiMe3, Th, Ph) are also discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 22:348–357, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20688
Crystal structures of β‐chalcogeno‐α, β‐unsaturated chalcogenoesters: Novel intramolecular interaction between the carbonyl oxygen and the chalcogen atom at the β‐position
Authors: Ozaki Toshiya , Nomoto Akihiro , Ogawa Akiya 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA series of β‐chalcogeno‐α, β‐unsaturated chalcogenoesters (1 and 2) were synthesized, and their molecular structures were investigated in detail by X‐ray crystal analyses. Interestingly, intramolecular interactions between the carbonyl oxygen and the chalcogen atom at the β‐position (β‐S ···O and β‐Se···O) were observed in most cases, and intermolecular π–π interaction and hydrogen bonding were observed in the case of δ‐hydroxy derivatives (1b and 2b). © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 22:579–585, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20690
Iron‐catalyzed quick homocoupling reaction of aryl or alkynyl Grignard reagents using a phosphonium ionic liquid solvent system
Authors: Kude Keisuke , Hayase Shuichi , Kawatsura Motoi , Itoh Toshiyuki 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe iron‐catalyzed homocoupling reaction of aryl Grignard reagent was completed very quickly when the reaction was carried out in a phosphonium salt ionic liquid solvent system at 0°C for 5 min. Using a similar reaction system, the first example of the iron‐catalyzed homocoupling reaction of alkynyl Grignard reagents has also been accomplished using the ionic liquid technology. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 22:397–404, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20696
ESTIMATED INFILTRATION PARAMETERS AND MANNING ROUGHNESS IN BORDER IRRIGATION
Authors: Weibo Nie , Liangjun Fei , Xiaoyi Ma 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTBased on the volume balance (VB) equation, the surface water profile was shown to be a power function and Philip equation equal to the Kostiakov–Lewis equation when the infiltration parameter a = 0.5. With this assumption, an equation was proposed for estimating infiltration parameters together with Manning roughness. The method requires only multi‐point water advance data of border irrigation. Solving the equation requires use of the nonlinear least‐squares fitting technique by Matlab software. The proposed method was validated with field experimental data and some reported border tests. The solution procedure was analysed, the results showing that the values of infiltration parameters S and A are not changed, but Manning roughness n varies when σh were given different values (0.70, 0.75, 0.80, respectively). Alternative measures of subsurface water storage and water advance trajectory were used to validate the method. Errors between measured and estimated were 2.0–13% for subsurface water storage, in which the infiltration parameters S and A were estimated with the proposed method. The maximum average absolute error was 6.07% for water advance in all border tests when different Manning roughness n was used (for an n value was estimated when different the shape factor of surface profile σh values were adopt by the proposed method in this paper). Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modulation of ion transporter expression in gill mitochondrion‐rich cells of eels acclimated to low‐Na+ or‐Cl− freshwater
Authors: Tse William K.F. , Chow S.C. , Lai K.P. , Au D.W.T. , Wong Chris K.C. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn this study, we aimed to establish an experimental model to study the role of the gill mitochondrion‐rich cells (MRCs) of freshwater fish in Na+ uptake and to examine the effect of adjusting external Na+ and Cl− ions on selected ion transporters in gill MRCs. Japanese eels (Anguilla japonica) acclimated to deionized (DI) water for 2 weeks were transferred directly to (a) ion‐supplemented artificial freshwater (AF), (b) Na+‐deficient AF, or (c) Cl−‐deficient AF for 2 days. The effects of the transfer on the expression levels of ion transporters in isolated gill cells were investigated. Our data demonstrated that the 2‐day acclimation in ion‐supplemented AF, Na+‐deficient AF, or Cl−‐deficient AF led to a significant increase in serum osmolarity attributed mainly to an increase in serum Na+ and/or Cl− levels when compared with DI‐acclimated eel. Significant inductions of V‐type H+‐ATPase (V‐H+‐ATPase) and cotransporter (NBC1) mRNA expression in gill MRCs were detected in AF‐acclimated fish. In fish acclimated to Na+‐deficient AF, mRNA expression levels of V‐H+‐ATPase, NBC1, and Na+/H+‐exchanger‐3 (NHE3) were significantly increased in MRCs. Fish acclimated to Cl−‐deficient AF showed no observable change in expression levels of ion transporters in gill MRCs. In addition, expression levels of ion transporters in pavement cells were stable throughout the 2‐day experiments. These data indicate that the level of Na+ in freshwater is important for altering the mRNA expression of ion transporters in gill MRCs, which supports the notion that gill MRCs play important roles in freshwater Na+ uptake. J. Exp. Zool. 315:385–393, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Facile synthesis of new imidazoles from direct reaction of 2,3‐diamino‐1,4‐naphthoquinone with aldehydes
Authors: Aly Ashraf A. , Hassan Alaa A. , Brown Alan B. , El‐Shaieb Kamal M. , Bedair Tarek M. I. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractNew imidazoles were easily prepared from 2,3‐diamino‐1,4‐naphthoquinone and stoichiometric quantities of the appropriate aldehydes in dimethyl sulfoxide as a solvent. The reaction proceeded for few hours. The procedure can be generalized to different classes of aldehydes. 2‐Methyl‐1H‐naphtho[2,3‐d]imidazole‐4,9‐dione was also obtained in good yield during refluxing of 2,3‐diaminonaphthoquinone in acetic acid. The structure of the newly synthesized imidazoles was extensively investigated using NMR experiments. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).