bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural remodeling of gray matter astrocytes in the neonatal pig brain after hypoxia/ischemia
Authors: Sullivan Susan M. , Björkman S. Tracey , Miller Stephanie M. , Colditz Paul B. , Pow David V. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAstrocytes play a vital role in the brain; their structural integrity and sustained function are essential for neuronal viability, especially after injury or insult. In this study, we have examined the response of astrocytes to hypoxia/ischemia (H/I), employing multiple methods (immunohistochemistry, iontophoretic cell injection, Golgi‐Kopsch staining, and D‐aspartate uptake) in a neonatal pig model of H/I. We have identified morphological changes in cortical gray matter astrocytes in response to H/I. Initial astrocytic changes were evident as early as 8 h post‐insult, before histological evidence for neuronal damage. By 72 h post‐insult, astrocytes exhibited significantly fewer processes that were shorter, thicker, and had abnormal terminal swellings, compared with astrocytes from control brains that exhibited a complex structure with multiple fine branching processes. Quantification and image analysis of astrocytes at 72 h post‐insult revealed significant decreases in the average astrocyte size, from 686 μm2 in controls to 401 μm2 in H/I brains. Sholl analysis revealed a significant decrease (>60%) in the complexity of astrocyte branching between 5 and 20 μm from the cell body. D‐Aspartate uptake studies revealed that the H/I insult resulted in impaired astrocyte function, with significantly reduced clearance of the glutamate analog, D‐aspartate. These results suggest that astrocytes may be involved in the pathophysiological events of H/I brain damage at a far earlier time point than first thought. Developing therapies that prevent or reverse these astrocytic changes may potentially improve neuronal survival and thus might be a useful strategy to minimize brain damage after an H/I insult. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Olfactory mucosa for transplant‐mediated repair: A complex tissue for a complex injury?
Authors: Lindsay Susan L. , Riddell John S. , Barnett Susan C. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractDamage to the brain and spinal cord leads to permanent functional disability because of the very limited capacity of the central nervous system (CNS) for repair. Transplantation of cells into regions of CNS damage represents one approach to enhancing this repair. At present, the ideal cell type for transplant‐mediated repair has not been identified but autologous transplantation would be advantageous. Olfactory tissue, in part because of its capacity for regeneration, has emerged as a promising source of cells and several clinical centers are using olfactory cells or tissues in the treatment of CNS damage. Until now, the olfactory ensheathing cell, a specialized glial cell of the olfactory system has been the main focus of attention. Transplants of this cell have been shown to have a neuroprotective function, support axonal regeneration, and remyelinate demyelinated axons. However, the olfactory mucosa is a heterogeneous tissue, composed of a variety of cells supporting both its normal function and its regenerative capacity. It is therefore possible that it contains several cell types that could participate in CNS repair including putative stem cells as well as glia. Here we review the cellular composition of the olfactory tissue and the evidence that equivalent cell types exist in both rodent and human olfactory mucosa suggesting that it is potentially a rich source of autologous cells for transplant‐mediated repair of the CNS. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Blockade of IL‐15 activity inhibits microglial activation through the NFκB, p38, and ERK1/2 pathways, reducing cytokine and chemokine release
Authors: Gomez‐Nicola Diego , Valle‐Argos Beatriz , Nieto‐Sampedro Manuel 
Published: July 2009

AbstractReactive glia formation is one of the hallmarks of damage to the CNS, but little information exists on the signals that direct its activation. Microglial cells are the main regulators of both innate and adaptative immune responses in the CNS. The proinflammatory cytokine IL‐15 is involved in regulating the response of T and B cells, playing a key role in regulating nervous system inflammatory events. We have used a microglial culture model of inflammation induced by LPS and IFNγ to evaluate the role of IL‐15 in the proinflammatory response. Our results indicate that IL‐15 is necessary for the reactive response, its deficiency (IL‐15‐/‐) leading to the development of a defective proinflammatory response. Blockade of IL‐15, both with blocking antibodies or with the ganglioside Neurostatin, inhibited the activation of the NFκB pathway, decreasing iNOS expression and NO production. Inhibiting IL‐15 signaling also blocked the activation of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways ERK1/2 and p38. The major consequence of these inhibitory effects, analyzed using cytokine antibody arrays, was a severe decrease in the production of chemokines, cytokines and growth factors, like CCL17, CCL19, IL‐12, or TIMP‐1, that are essential for the development of the phenotypic changes of glial activation. In conclusion, activation of the IL‐15 system seems a necessarystep for the development of glial reactivity and the regulation of the physiology of glial cells. Modulating IL‐15 activity opens the possibility of developing new strategies to control gliotic events upon inflammatory stimulation. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The neural origins of superficial and individuated judgments about ingroup and outgroup members
Authors: Freeman Jonathan B. , Schiller Daniela , Rule Nicholas O. , Ambady Nalini 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe often form impressions of others based on superficial information, such as a mere glimpse of their face. Given the opportunity to get to know someone, however, our judgments are allowed to become more individuated. The neural origins of these two types of social judgment remain unknown. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to dissociate the neural mechanisms underlying superficial and individuated judgments. Given behavioral evidence demonstrating impairments in individuating others outside one's racial group, we additionally examined whether these neural mechanisms are race‐selective. Superficial judgments recruited the amygdala. Individuated judgments engaged a cortical network implicated in mentalizing and theory of mind. One component of this mentalizing network showed selectivity to individuated judgments, but exclusively for targets of one's own race. The findings reveal the distinct—and race‐selective—neural bases of our everyday superficial and individuated judgments of others. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Progressive fatigue effects on manual lifting factors
Authors: Banks Anthony D. , Aghazadeh Fereydoun 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of progressive fatigue on factors that previously have been associated with increased risk of low back pain in various occupational settings, during a repetitive lifting task where a freestyle lifting technique was used. A laboratory experiment was conducted to evaluate electromyography amplitude, kinematic, and kinetic parameters of repetitive freestyle lifting during a 2‐hour lifting period. Subjective fatigue rating increased over time, indicating that the participant “felt” increasingly fatigued as the experiment progressed. Static composite strength decreased an average of 20% from the beginning to the end of the experiment. Effect of lifting posture (semi‐squat, semi‐stoop, and stoop) was observed on peak trunk flexion angle, trunk flexion angle at initiation of the lift, and knee angle at initiation of the lift indicating that, in freestyle lifting, participants assume quantitatively different lifting techniques. A significant effect of the time–posture interaction was observed on the dynamic leg lift floor to knuckle height strength, indicating that dynamic strength may change over time depending on lifting posture selected. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Efficacy and safety of quetiapine for depressive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Lee Kyoung‐Uk , Jeon Yang‐Whan , Lee Hae‐Kook , Jun Tae‐Youn 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy and safety of quetiapine for depressive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.MethodThirty‐nine patients fulfilling DSM‐IV‐TR diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia and had depressive symptoms were studied in a prospective 6‐week open‐label design using quetiapine monotherapy. The brief psychiatric rating scale (BPRS), 17‐item Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD‐17), Simpson–Angus rating scale, and the Barnes Akathisia rating scale (BARS) were used to assess patients at baseline, week 1, 2, 4, and 6.ResultsThirty patients (76.9%) completed this study. The dose of quetiapine at endpoint was 583 (±235 SD) mg/day. Treatment with Quetiapine was associated with significantly reduced depressive symptoms (HAMD‐17 total score and BPRS depression/anxiety subscale) from the first week of treatment. Changes of mean score from baseline to endpoint were 7.8 ± 6.2 for HAMD‐17 total score and 3.4 ± 3.6 for BPRS depression/anxiety subscale (LOCF, n = 39, p < 0.001). Quetiapine was well tolerated, with minimal extrapyramidal symptoms and non‐significant increase in body weight (mean increase of 0.8 kg).ConclusionsWhile the interpretation of findings from the open‐label design of this study warrants appropriate caution, the results suggest that quetiapine may be an effective and tolerable treatment for depression in patients with schizophrenia. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrodynamic modelling of a large flood‐prone river system in India with limited data
Authors: Patro Shivananda , Chatterjee Chandranath , Singh Rajendra , Raghuwanshi Narendra Singh 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe article presents a detailed review on the issues and constraints of hydrodynamic modelling of floods in data‐poor countries with large flood‐prone rivers. A one‐dimensional (1D) hydrodynamic model is used to simulate the river flows with limited available data in the delta region of Mahanadi River basin in India. The shuttle radar topography mission digital elevation models (SRTM DEM) was analyzed and compared with the elevations derived from available topomaps and measured river cross‐sections. Subsequently, the SRTM‐derived river cross‐section elevation values are refined for use in the hydrodynamic model. The 1D hydrodynamic model is set up and calibrated using the refined cross‐sections derived from SRTM DEM along with the measured ones and all available river discharge as well as water‐level data at different gauging sites for the monsoon period (June–September) of the year 2004. The calibrated set up is validated using both discharge and water‐level data for the same period for the years 2001 and 2002. The performance of the calibration and validation results of the hydrodynamic model is evaluated for all the years using different performance indices. The model‐simulated discharge and water levels are found to be in close agreement with the observed ones. The study demonstrates the usefulness of using the SRTM DEM to derive river cross‐sections for use in hydrodynamic modelling studies. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhancement of in vivo bone regeneration efficacy of osteogenically undifferentiated human cord blood mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Kang Jin Muk , Kang Sun‐Woong , La Wan‐Geun , Yang Yoon‐Sun , Kim Byung‐Soo 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe hypothesized that bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2) would significantly enhance in vivo bone formation efficacy of osteogenically undifferentiated human cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (hCBMSCs). To test this hypothesis, poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid)/hydroxyapatite (PLGA/HA) scaffolds (group 1), BMP‐2‐loaded PLGA/HA scaffolds (group 2), undifferentiated hCBMSCs seeded on PLGA/HA scaffolds (group 3), undifferentiated hCBMSCs seeded on BMP‐2‐loaded PLGA/HA scaffolds (group 4), and osteogenically differentiated hCBMSCs seeded on PLGA/HA scaffolds (group 5) were implanted into dorsal, subcutaneous spaces of athymic mice for 8 weeks. Histological analysis showed that group 4 exhibited the largest bone formation area. RT‐PCR analysis showed that human mRNA expression of osteoblastic markers such as ALP and osteocalcin in group 4 was higher than that of the other groups. Mouse osteoblastic markers of the host cells in the implants were also expressed more in group 4 than in the other groups. This study demonstrated that hCBMSCs that were not differentiated osteogenically in vitro prior to transplantation regenerate bone negligibly in vivo and that transplantation of osteogenically undifferentiated hCBMSCs with BMP‐2 delivery results in much more extensive bone formation in vivo than that of undifferentiated or osteogenically differentiated hCBMSCs. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Patterning N‐type and S‐type neuroblastoma cells with Pluronic F108 and ECM proteins
Authors: Corey Joseph M. , Gertz Caitlyn C. , Sutton Thomas J. , Chen Qiaoran , Mycek Katherine B. , Wang Bor‐Shuen , Martin Abbey A. , Johnson Sara L. , Feldman Eva L. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractInfluencing cell shape using micropatterned substrates affects cell behaviors, such as proliferation and apoptosis. Cell shape may also affect these behaviors in human neuroblastoma (NBL) cancer, but to date, no substrate design has effectively patterned multiple clinically important human NBL lines. In this study, we investigated whether Pluronic F108 was an effective antiadhesive coating for human NBL cells and whether it would localize three NBL lines to adhesive regions of tissue culture plastic or collagen I on substrate patterns. The adhesion and patterning of an S‐type line, SH‐EP, and two N‐type lines, SH‐SY5Y and IMR‐32, were tested. In adhesion assays, F108 deterred NBL adhesion equally as well as two antiadhesive organofunctional silanes and far better than bovine serum albumin. Patterned stripes of F108 restricted all three human NBL lines to adhesive stripes of tissue culture plastic. We then investigated four schemes of applying collagen and F108 to different regions of a substrate. Contact with collagen obliterates the ability of F108 to deter NBL adhesion, limiting how both materials can be applied to substrates to produce high fidelity NBL patterning. This patterned substrate design should facilitate investigations of the role of cell shape in NBL cell behavior. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Tissue engineering of composite grafts: Cocultivation of human oral keratinocytes and human osteoblast‐like cells on laminin‐coated polycarbonate membranes and equine collagen membranes under different culture conditions
Authors: Glaum R. , Wiedmann‐Al‐Ahmad M. , Huebner U. , Schmelzeisen R. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn complex craniomaxillofacial defects, the simultaneous reconstruction of hard and soft tissue is often necessary. Until now, oral keratinocytes and osteoblast‐like cells have not been cocultivated on the same carrier. For the first time, the cocultivation of human oral keratinocytes and human osteoblast‐like cells has been investigated in this study. Different carriers (laminin‐coated polycarbonate and equine collagen membranes) and various culture conditions were examined. Human oral keratinocytes and human osteoblast‐like cells from five patients were isolated from tissue samples, seeded on the opposite sides of the carriers and cultivated for 1 and 2 weeks under static conditions in an incubator and in a perfusion chamber. Proliferation and morphology of the cells were analyzed by EZ4U‐tests, light microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Cocultivation of both cell‐types seeded on one carrier was possible. Quantitative and qualitative growth was significantly better on collagen membranes when compared with laminin‐coated polycarbonate membranes independent of the culture conditions. Using perfusion culture in comparison to static culture, the increase of cell proliferation after 2 weeks of cultivation when compared with the proliferation after 1 week was significantly lower, independent of the carriers used. In conclusion, the contemporaneous cultivation of human oral keratinocytes and human osteoblast‐like cells on the same carrier is possible, a prerequisite for planned in vivo studies. As carrier collagen is superior to laminin‐coated polycarbonate membranes. Regarding the development over time, the increase of proliferation rate is lower in perfusion culture. Examinations of cellular differentiation over time under various culture conditions will be subject of further investigations. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Bone formation on rough, but not polished, subcutaneously implanted Ti surfaces is preceded by macrophage accumulation
Authors: Chehroudi Babak , Ghrebi Salem , Murakami Hiroshi , Waterfield John Douglas , Owen Gethin , Brunette Donald Maxwell 
Published: July 2009

AbstractImplanted rough surfaces have long been associated with the accumulation of macrophages and other cells of the monocytic lineage such as foreign body giant cells and osteoclasts. As cells of the moncytic lineage are part of the immune system, the response of this cell family to biomaterials has attracted wide concern. This study compared events at the interface of implant surface topographies with varied roughness in a rat subcutaneous model. Titanium‐coated epoxy replicas of machined, etched, blasted, titanium‐plasma‐sprayed (TPS), sandblasted‐and‐etched (SLA), micromachined, and polished surfaces were implanted for up to 11 weeks, and processed for light or electron microscopy or immunohistochemistry for ED1, a marker for recruited macrophages. Initially, healing appeared similar among all surfaces, the frequency of mineralization followed the order of SLA, micromachined, TPS, machined, etched, blasted, and polished surfaces. On the SLA surface macrophages, as identified by both ultrastructural morphology and immunohistochemistry were the predominant cell type at 1 week and persisted until mineralization occurred as early as 2 weeks. On smoother surfaces collagenous matrix predominated at 2 weeks and subsequently increased with time. There, thus, appears to be two routes to bone‐like tissue formation on Ti implants in this rat subcutaneous model; macrophage‐mediated and macrophage‐independent dense collagenous‐matrix‐associated. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Designing novel antitrypanosomal agents from a mixed graph‐theoretical substructural approach
Authors: Planche Alejandro Speck , Scotti Marcus Tulius , Emerenciano Vicente de Paulo , López América García , Pérez Enrique Molina , Uriarte Eugenio 
Published: July 2009

AbstractChagas disease is nowadays the most serious parasitic health problem. This disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. The great number of deaths and the insufficient effectiveness of drugs against this parasite have alarmed the scientific community worldwide. In an attempt to overcome this problem, a model for the design and prediction of new antitrypanosomal agents was obtained. This used a mixed approach, containing simple descriptors based on fragments and topological substructural molecular design descriptors. A data set was made up of 188 compounds, 99 of them characterized an antitrypanosomal activity and 88 compounds that belong to other pharmaceutical categories. The model showed sensitivity, specificity and accuracy values above 85%. Quantitative fragmental contributions were also calculated. Then, and to confirm the quality of the model, 15 structures of molecules tested as antitrypanosomal compounds (that we did not include in this study) were predicted, taking into account the information on the abovementioned calculated fragmental contributions. The model showed an accuracy of 100% which means that the “in silico” methodology developed by our team is promising for the rational design of new antitrypanosomal drugs. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2010
Quantitative composition of vitellogenin‐derived yolk proteins and their effects on viability of embryos and larvae of common dentex (Dentex dentex), a marine pelagophil teleost
Authors: Samaee Seyed‐Mohammadreza , Lahnsteiner Franz , Giménez Gemma , Estévez Alicia , Sarg Bettina , Lindner Herbert 
Published: July 2009

AbstractTo evaluate the importance of the quantitative composition of vitellogenin (Vtg)‐derived egg yolk proteins during initial events of Dentex dentex life, viable eggs were obtained from captive broodstocks. Viability parameters (VPs; egg buoyancy (FR), hatching rate (HR), and larval survival rate (SR) at 0, 3, and 5 days posthatch (dph)) were determined for 70 egg batches. Vtg‐derived yolk proteins were purified from the eggs using cation‐exchange chromatography, separated and detected by SDS‐PAGE, identified and characterized using mass spectrometry, quantified using image densitometry, and finally correlated to VPs. The 77.97, 57.22, 22.22, 17.69 and 16.95 kDa proteins were identified as proteolytic products resulted from both VtgA and B. All the Vtg‐derived yolk proteins were significantly correlated to VPs with a maximum explanatory effect (R2) of 0.634. The concentration of the 57.22 kDa protein was significantly correlated with FR, the 77.97, 57.22, 22.22, 17.69 and 16.95 kDa proteins with HR and SR at 0 dph, the 22.22, 17.69 and 16.95 kDa proteins with SR at 3 and 5 dph. The results showed the importance of yolk protein content in the egg for embryogenesis and early larval development and indicated its potential use to predict egg quality in teleosts. J. Exp. Zool. 311A:504–520, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Subcellular distribution of urea transporter in the collecting tubule of shark kidney is dependent on environmental salinity
Authors: Yamaguchi Yoko , Takaki Shin , Hyodo Susumu 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn the kidney of marine elasmobranchs, urea reabsorption from filtered urine is essential for maintaining high levels of urea in the body. In the kidney of the houndshark, Triakis scyllium, we previously found that a facilitative urea transporter (UT) is localized to a specific nephron segment, the collecting tubule, suggesting that the collecting tubule has an important role in the urea reabsorption process. To elucidate the roles of UT, we transferred T. scyllium to high (130%) and low (30%) salinity, and examined UT mRNA levels and UT distribution patterns in the kidney using real‐time PCR and semi‐quantitative fluorescence immunohistochemistry, respectively. Following transfer to low and high salinity, houndshark decreased and increased plasma urea concentrations, respectively, in order to control plasma osmolality. The abundance of UT mRNA did not differ among the experimental groups, whereas that of UT protein in the collecting tubule was significantly decreased in 30% seawater (SW). Furthermore, the subcellular UT distribution was dramatically changed. UT in the apical plasma membrane of collecting tubule almost disappeared in 30% SW, whereas it slightly increased in 130% SW compared with 100% SW. Conversely, reverse transfer of fish from 30 to100% SW restored UT in the apical membrane. These results indicate that the accumulation of UT to the apical plasma membrane of the collecting tubule of Triakis is an important factor for regulating urea reabsorption in the kidney. J. Exp. Zool. 311A: 705–718, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.