bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survival after partial and radical nephrectomy for the treatment of stage T1bN0M0 renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in the USA: a propensity scoring approach
Authors: Badalato Gina M. , Kates Max , Wisnivesky Juan P. , Choudhury Arindam Roy , McKiernan James M. 
Published: September 2011

Study Type – Therapy (cohort)Level of Evidence 2bWhat's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Partial nephrectomy has become the standard of care for T1a renal tumours, and the application of nephron‐sparing techniques has increasingly been expanded to patients with localized T1b cancers. However, the relative efficacy of partial versus radical nephrectomy for these medium‐sized tumours has yet to be definitively established.This study employs a propensity scoring approach within a large US population‐based cohort to determine that no survival differences exist among patients with T1b renal tumours undergoing partial versus radical nephrectomy.OBJECTIVES
To compare survival after partial nephrectomy (PN) vs radical nephrectomy (RN) among patients with stage TIb renal cell carcinoma (RCC) using a propensity scoring approach.
Propensity score analysis is a statistical methodology that controls for non‐random assignment of patients in observational studies.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry, 11 256 cases of RCCs of 4–7 cm that underwent PN or RN between 1998 and 2007 were identified.
Propensity score analysis was used to adjust for potential differences in baseline characteristics between patients in the two treatment groups.
Overall survival (OS) and cancer‐specific survival (CSS) of patients undergoing PN vs RN was compared in stratified and adjusted analysis, controlling for propensity scores.
RESULTS
In all, 1047 (9.3%) patients underwent PN. For the entire cohort, no difference in survival was found in patients treated with PN as compared with RN, as shown by the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for OS (1.10; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.91–1.36) and renal‐CSS (HR 0.91; 95% CI: 0.65–1.27).
When the cohort was stratified by tumour size and age, no difference in survival was identified between the groups.
CONCLUSIONS
Even when stratified by tumour size and age, a survival difference between PN and RN in a propensity‐adjusted cohort of patients with T1b RCC could not be confirmed.
If validated in prospective studies, PN may become the preferred treatment for T1b renal tumours in centres experienced with nephron‐sparing surgery.
Temporal higher-order contracts
Authors: Disney Tim , Flanagan Cormac , McCarthy Jay 
Published: September 2011

Behavioral contracts are embraced by software engineers because they document module interfaces, detect interface violations, and help identify faulty modules (packages, classes, functions, etc). This paper extends prior higher-order contract systems to also express and enforce temporal properties, which are common in software systems with imperative state, but which are mostly left implicit or are at best informally specified. The paper presents both a programmatic contract API as well as a temporal contract language, and reports on experience and performance results from implementing these contracts in Racket.
Our development formalizes module behavior as a trace of events such as function calls and returns. Our contract system provides both non-interference (where contracts cannot influence correct executions) and also a notion of completeness (where contracts can enforce any decidable, prefix-closed predicate on event traces).
Variants Downstream of the Ornithine Decarboxylase Gene Influence Risk of Colorectal Adenoma and Aspirin Chemoprevention
Authors: Barry Elizabeth L. , Mott Leila A. , Sandler Robert S. , Ahnen Dennis J. , Baron John A. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Increased mucosal polyamine levels and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity are associated with an increased risk of colorectal neoplasia and aspirin treatment reduces risk. Previous studies suggest that a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the promoter of the ODC gene (rs2302615) may be associated with adenoma risk and/or response to aspirin chemoprevention. However, a comprehensive investigation of common genetic variation in the region of ODC gene is lacking. Using a tag SNP approach, we investigated associations between genotype or haplotype and adenoma risk among a cohort of 792 non-Hispanic white participants in a randomized trial of aspirin. Generalized linear regression was used to compute relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) adjusted for age and sex. The false discovery rate was used to account for multiple testing. Interactions terms were used to assess whether genotype modified the effect of aspirin treatment. Of 15 SNPs analyzed, seven were statistically significantly associated with adenoma risk. However, in multiple SNP regression models, only two of these, located downstream of the gene, were independently associated with risk: rs11694911 (RR = 1.29; 95% CI, 1.08–1.53; P = 0.005) and rs2430420 (RR = 1.20; 95% CI, 1.03-1.40; P = 0.022). In addition, there was evidence that rs2430420 and rs28362380 modified the effect of aspirin treatment, whereas the previously investigated SNP, rs2302615, had no statistically significant main effect or interaction with aspirin treatment. Our findings suggest that common genetic variants located downstream (3′) of the ODC gene influence risk of colorectal adenoma and may also impact the efficacy of aspirin chemoprevention. Cancer Prev Res; 4(12); 2072–82. ©2011 AACR.
HLA-targeted flow cytometric sorting of blood cells allows separation of pure and viable microchimeric cell populations
Authors: Drabbels Jos J. M. , van de Keur Carin , Kemps Berit M. , Mulder Arend , Scherjon Sicco A. , Claas Frans H. J. , Eikmans Michael 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Microchimerism is defined by the presence of low levels of nonhost cells in a person. We developed a reliable method for separating viable microchimeric cells from the host environment. For flow cytometric cell sorting, HLA antigens were targeted with human monoclonal HLA antibodies (mAbs). Optimal separation of microchimeric cells (present at a proportion as low as 0.01% in artificial mixtures) was obtained with 2 different HLA mAbs, one targeting the chimeric cells and the other the background cells. To verify purity of separated cell populations, flow-sorted fractions of 1000 cells were processed for DNA analysis by HLA-allele–specific and Y-chromosome–directed real-time quantitative PCR assays. After sorting, PCR signals of chimeric DNA markers in the positive fractions were significantly enhanced compared with those in the presort samples, and they were similar to those in 100% chimeric control samples. Next, we demonstrate applicability of HLA-targeted FACS sorting after pregnancy by separating chimeric maternal cells from child umbilical cord mononuclear cells. Targeting allelic differences with anti-HLA mAbs with FACS sorting allows maximal enrichment of viable microchimeric cells from a background cell population. The current methodology enables reliable microchimeric cell detection and separation in clinical specimens.
Pseudoclavibacter-like subcutaneous infection: a case report
Authors: Lemaitre François , Stein Andreas , Raoult Didier , Drancourt Michel 
Published: September 2011

Abstract

Background

Arthrobacter-like organisms, including Pseudoclavibacter organisms, have rarely been documented as being responsible for infection in humans.

Case presentation
An 81-year-old French man developed a subcutaneous infection despite antibiotic treatment combining clindamycin and metronidazole for chronic wound infection. A skin biopsy showed numerous polymorphonuclear cells and no bacteria, but a subcutaneous swab yielded numerous polymorphonuclear cells, a few Gram-positive cocci, Gram-negative cocci, and Gram-positive rods. The Gram-positive rod sequence exhibited 99% sequence similarity with uncultured Pseudoclavibacter sp. [GenBank:EF419350] and 99% sequence similarity with uncultured Pseudoclavibacter sp. [GenBank:EF419347]. The genetic data and unique peptide profile of this Pseudoclavibacter-like isolate, determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry, underscored its uniqueness.

Conclusions

Pseudoclavibacter-like organisms are identifiable in cutaneous and subcutaneous infections in humans.
Genome-Wide Analyses Identify Recurrent Amplifications of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases and Cell-Cycle Regulatory Genes in Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma
Authors: Paugh Barbara S. , Broniscer Alberto , Qu Chunxu , Miller Claudia P. , Zhang Junyuan , Tatevossian Ruth G. , Olson James M. , Geyer J. Russell , Chi Susan N. , da Silva Nasjla Saba , Onar-Thomas Arzu , Baker Justin N. , Gajjar Amar , Ellison David W. , Baker Suzanne J. 
Published: September 2011

Purpose Long-term survival for children with diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is less than 10%, and new therapeutic targets are urgently required. We evaluated a large cohort of DIPGs to identify recurrent genomic abnormalities and gene expression signatures underlying DIPG. Patients and Methods Single-nucleotide polymorphism arrays were used to compare the frequencies of genomic copy number abnormalities in 43 DIPGs and eight low-grade brainstem gliomas with data from adult and pediatric (non-DIPG) glioblastomas, and expression profiles were evaluated using gene expression arrays for 27 DIPGs, six low-grade brainstem gliomas, and 66 nonbrainstem low-grade gliomas. Results Frequencies of specific large-scale and focal imbalances varied significantly between DIPGs and nonbrainstem pediatric glioblastomas. Focal amplifications of genes within the receptor tyrosine kinase–Ras–phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling pathway were found in 47% of DIPGs, the most common of which involved PDGFRA and MET. Thirty percent of DIPGs contained focal amplifications of cell-cycle regulatory genes controlling retinoblastoma protein (RB) phosphorylation, and 21% had concurrent amplification of genes from both pathways. Some tumors showed heterogeneity in amplification patterns. DIPGs showed distinct gene expression signatures related to developmental processes compared with nonbrainstem pediatric high-grade gliomas, whereas expression signatures of low-grade brainstem and nonbrainstem gliomas were similar. Conclusion DIPGs comprise a molecularly related but distinct subgroup of pediatric gliomas. Genomic studies suggest that targeted inhibition of receptor tyrosine kinases and RB regulatory proteins may be useful therapies for DIPG.
Development of a Novel Test Rig for the Evaluation of Aircraft Fuel Tank Sealant
Authors: Hooper M. N. , Hutchinson A. R. , Broughton J. G. , Taylor M. A. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
A key concept for the future evaluation of sealant materials for commercial aircraft is to expose realistic sealed joint systems to typical dynamic and environmental parameters representative of actual flight conditions. The development of a mechanism to undertake the full range of test parameters for the evaluation of sealants for current and future aircraft is described in this paper. This mechanism, or model sealed system (MSS), consists of an axial stress machine into which vibrational fatigue, high and low temperatures and pressures can be programmed for automatic operation. The test coupons, within the MSS, can be stressed to simulate flight conditions along with the flight pressures and temperatures. The MSS is described and the results of sealant evaluation to date are presented.
Phraseological False Equivalence in Upper-Sorbian and Polish
Authors: Szpila Grzegorz 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
The paper discusses the phenomenon of phraseological false cognates on the example of Upper-Sorbian and Polish idioms. The author talks about the views on lexemic and phraseological false friends. The analysis examines the motivations of the differences in meaning between formal identical and similar phraseological units in Upper-Sorbian and Polish. It includes relevant examples to illustrate the categories of phraseological false friends within which dissimilarities are considered.
Buchbesprechung
Authors: Stern Dieter 
Published: September 2011

Zusammenfassung
Juliane Besters-Dilger und Achim Rabus (Hrsg.), Text  Sprache  Grammatik. Slavisches Schrifttum der Vormoderne. Festschrift für Eckhard Weiher, München  Berlin: Otto Sagner, 2009. (Die Welt der Slaven: Sammelbände; 39) ISBN 978-3-86688-081-8
Constraints on diachronic development: the Animacy Hierarchy and the Relevance Constraint
Authors: Enger Hans-Olav , Nesset Tore 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
The present paper investigates language change in the categories of Number, Gender, Case and Definiteness from the perspective of cognitive linguistics. On the basis of data from Germanic and Slavic, as well as from Greek, Breton, Spanish and Persian, it is claimed that the observed changes are constrained by the Animacy Hierarchy and what we call the Relevance Constraint, which says that language change targets the part of the lexicon where the categories in question are most relevant for human experience and the changes do not make any ‘leaps’ along the Hierarchy. It is suggested that animacy and relevance presuppose a linguistic theory based on embodiment and construal, such as cognitive linguistics.
UV emitting single crystalline film scintillators grown by LPE method: current status and perspective
Authors: Zorenko Yuriy , Gorbenko Vitaliy , Savchyn Volodymyr , Voznyak Taras , Batentschuk Miroslaw , Winnacker Albrecht , Xia Qi , Brabec Christoph 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTThis work is dedicated to the development of new type of UV phosphors based on single crystalline films (SCF) of aluminum garnet compounds grown by liquid phase epitaxy (LPE). The development of two types of UV emitting SCF scintillators is reported in this work: 1) Pr-doped SCF of Y-Lu-Al garnet having the intensive Pr3+ f-d luminescence in the 300-400 nm spectral ranges with a decay time of about 13-18 ns; 2) SCF of Y-Lu-Al-garnet doped with Sc3+ isoelectronic impurity emitting in the 290-400 nm range due to the formation of the ScY,Lu and ScAl centers with a luminescence decay time in the order of several hundred ns.
Study of Structural Defects in CdZnTe Crystals by High Resolution Electron Microscopy
Authors: Hossain A. , Bolotnikov A. E. , Camarda G. S. , Cui Y. , Gul R. , Kim K-H. , Kisslinger K. , Su D. , Yang G. , Zhang L. H. , James R. B. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTWe investigated defects in CdZnTe crystals produced from various conditions and their impact on fabricated devices. In this study, we employed transmission and scanning transmission electron microscope (TEM and STEM), because defects at the nano-scale are not observed readily under an optical or infrared microscope, or by most other techniques. Our approach revealed several types of defects in the crystals, such as low-angle boundaries, dislocations and precipitates, which likely are major causes in degrading the electrical properties of CdZnTe devices, and eventually limiting their performance.
Nanoalloyed Bi2Te3, Sb2Te3 and Bi2Te3/Sb2Te3 Multilayers
Authors: Winkler M. , Koenig Jan D. , Buller S. , Schuermann U. , Kienle L. , Bensch W. , Boettner H. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTIn this work, thin films of Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3 were synthesized by the nanoalloying approach: Nanoscale layers of the elements Element nanoscale layers of Bi, Sb and Te are stoichiometrically deposited on a cold substrate using a MBE setup and subjected to an annealing process in which a solid state reaction yielding Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3 takes place. Besides the two binary compounds, nanoscale multilayer (ML) stacks of 9 nm Bi2Te3/9 nm Sb2Te3 were created. The electrical transport properties of the binary compounds were determined in dependence of composition. Compound formation was directly observed in temperature-dependent in-situ XRD scans and was found to start at ∼100 °C. The stability of the Bi2Te3/Sb2Te3 ML nanostructure against temperature-driven interdiffusion during annealing was examined by SIMS and TEM for an annealing temperature of 150 and 250 °C, respectively. A comparative TEM study of the as grown and annealed state is presented.
First principles study of electronic structures of dopants in Mg2Si
Authors: Xiong K. , Sobhani S. , Gupta R. P. , Wang W. , Gnade B. E. , Cho Kyeongjae 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTWe investigate the impact of various dopants (Na, Ag, Cd, Zn, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Ge, and Sn) on the electronic structure of Mg2Si by first principles calculations using a hybrid functional that does not need a band gap correction. We find that for Na and Ge in Mg2Si, the impurity-induced states do not affect the density of states at both edges of the valence band and the conduction band. Ag- and Sn affect slightly the density of states at the valence band edge, while Cd and Zn affect slightly the density of state at the conduction band edge. Al and In could modify significantly the density of states at the conduction band edge. Ga introduces states just at the bottom of the conduction band. Tl introduces states in the band gap. This study provides useful information on optimizing the thermoelectric efficiency of Mg2Si.
Dimensionally reduced heavy atom semiconductors as candidate materials for γ-ray detection: the case of Cs2Hg6S7
Authors: Androulakis Ioannis , Li Hao , Malliakas Christos , Peters John A. , Liu Zhifu , Wessels Bruce W. , Song Jung-Hwan , Jin Hosub , Freeman Arthur J. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTWe address the issue of decreasing band-gap with increasing atomic number, inherent in semiconducting materials, by introducing a concept we call dimensional reduction. The concept leads to semiconductor compounds containing high atomic number elements and simultaneously exhibiting a large band gap and high mass density suggesting that dimensional reduction can be successfully employed in developing new γ-ray detecting materials. As an example we discuss the compound Cs2Hg6S7 that exhibits a band-gap of 1.65eV and mobility-lifetime products comparable to those of optimized Cd0.9Zn0.1Te.
Synthesis of Fulleride Thin Films with Ultra-low Thermal Conductivity.
Authors: Check Michael H. , Dudis Douglas S. , Ferguson John B. , Gengler Jamie J. , Hu Jianjun , Votaw Zachary S. , Voevodin Andrey A. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACT:In the past two decades, there has been growing interests in the design and improvement of thermoelectric (TE) materials and devices largely due to their potential use in technologies such as: 1) the conversion of waste heat to electricity, 2) solid-state refrigeration and heating, 3) biomedical batteries, and 4) power sources for both ground and space-based electronics.1 Recent research has suggested that by using nanotechnology (i.e. nanostructuring / nanoengineering) large advances can be gained in controlling interfaces to hinder thermal transport while allowing electrical movement. Thin film structuring of thermoelectric materials potentially offers several advantages over bulk thermoelectric materials especially for cooling applications. Furthermore, others have advocated that by making thermoelectric materials very small, one can achieve an enhanced ZT (the thermoelectric figure of merit) due to quantum confinement effects.2-5 The structure and physical properties of doped fullerene materials were investigated for use as electrically conducting phonon blocking layers. The synthesis and thermal properties of ZnxC60 thin films are reported. Preliminary results have shown the formation of amorphous fullerides structures with thermal conductivities as low as 0.13 Wm-1K-1. Physical and structural measurements (e.g. Electron Microscopy, Electron Diffraction, and Raman Spectroscopy) will be reported detailing the unique structure-property relationships in these materials.
Characterization of Nanoporous TiO2 Surface Defects by Temperature Dependent Electron Transport Studies on Dye Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Shanmugam Mariyappan , Baroughi Mahdi Farrokh 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTTemperature dependent, dark current-voltage characteristics (I-V-T) of dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were used to study the TiO2 surface defects on photovoltaic performance. Three kinds of DSSCs were used for this study. (1) DSSC with no surface treatment, (2) DSSCs with Al2O3 and (3) HfO2 treatments. Activation energy of charge transport, obtained from the I-V-T of the three DSSCs, suggest that Al2O2 and HfO2 surface treatment on the nanoporous TiO2 effectively suppressed the electron capture by the surface states from the conduction band of TiO2 and the consecutive electron transfer to the electrolyte in which the TiO2 is permeated. The reference DSSC showed activation energy of 1.03eV while the DSSCs with Al2O3 and HfO2 surface treatment showed 1.27 and 1.31eV respectively. The higher activation energy, in case of HfO2 surface treatment, suggest that electronically active TiO2 surface states present near to the redox potential of the electrolyte was reduced and hence resulted in improved photovoltaic performance than Al2O3 treated DSSC and the reference DSSC.
Ultra-fast photoluminescence in fused silica surface flaws susceptible to laser damage
Authors: Laurence Ted A. , Bude Jeff D. , Shen Nan 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTUsing high-sensitivity confocal time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) techniques, we found an ultrafast PL (40 ps-5 ns) from impurity-free surface flaws on fused silica. This PL is excited by the single-photon absorption of sub-band gap light. Regions which exhibit this PL are strongly absorptive well below the band gap, as evidenced by a propensity to damage with 3.5 eV nanosecond-scale laser pulses. Very high defect densities are needed to explain the damage thresholds observed. For such high defect densities, significant interactions between defects may strongly affect the temporal characteristics of the emission of electronic excitations. We propose that the distribution in lifetimes observed is not simply due to a large variety of defect states, but due to a variety of energy transfer interactions between defect states.
Atomic Layer Deposition for Improved Stability of Catalysts for the Conversion of Biomass to Chemicals and Fuels
Authors: Wiedmann Monika K. , Pagan-Torres Yomaira J. , Tucker Mark H. , Dumesic James A. , Kuech T. F. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTAtomic layer deposition (ALD) has been used to coat SBA-15 and functionalized SBA-15 with various metal oxides. Use of SBA-15 coated with 4-10 ALD cycles of titania, alumina, niobia, or zirconia in the acid-catalyzed dehydration of fructose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) resulted in 24-57% conversion, with 0-22% selectivity, at 130 °C with 2 wt % fructose in 4:1 THF:H2O. Propylsulfonic acid functionalized SBA-15 (SBA-15-PrSO3H) had a 25% conversion and 48% selectivity for HMF under the same conditions. SBA-15-PrSO3H was also coated with 2 ALD cycles of titania followed by 8 ALD cycles silica. The deactivation rate constant for SBA-15-PrSO3H was 2.7 x 10-2 h-1 for the dehydration of fructose to HMF in a flow reactor at 130 °C with a feed of 2 wt % fructose in 4:1 THF:H2O. In comparison, the deactivation rate constant for the ALD coated SBA-15-PrSO3H-ALD was 7.9 x 10-3 h-1.