bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In situ bioremediation of an aniline spill in an industrial setting
Authors: Portier Ralph J. , Curole Glen P. , Conger Robert M. , Basirico Laura M. , Metosh‐Dickey Caroline 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn situ remediation of aniline from soils and groundwater using biological and physical treatments was conducted at the BASF Corporation facility in Geismar, Louisiana. To mitigate the migration of aniline, remediate contaminated soil and groundwater, and determine concentrations, 24 immobilized microbe bioreactors were fixed in the subsoil, and a horizontal recovery well and 7 monitoring wells were installed. Soil and monitoring wells were sampled quarterly to assess bioplug impact on the aniline concentrations. The recovery well was sampled monthly to estimate the pounds of aniline removed from groundwater. Soil pH, composition, and microbial counts were used to estimate the fate and transport. Aniline levels were lowered significantly after remediation and total cancer risk was below levels for industrial sites, as established by State of Louisiana Risk Evaluation/Corrective Action Program guidelines. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Expediting sustainable brownfields redevelopment by applying Triad using the membrane interface probe
Authors: Watt Maria D. , Burlingame Michael , Beattie Jessica R. , Koberle Melissa , Carlson Brad 
Published: September 2010

AbstractRedevelopment and reuse plans are often based upon an expedited delineation and remediation life cycle, since delayed reuse usually has economic consequences. It has also become increasingly important to utilize sustainable practices to achieve investigation and remediation goals. In this article, the Triad approach is used to expedite the delineation of a source area within a municipal landfill to complete the remedial effort prior to construction of an urban civic center. The Triad approach uses the three elements of systematic project planning, dynamic work strategy, and real‐time measurement to expedite site characterization (Interstate Technology and Regulatory Council, 2003). In this article, the Triad sampling strategy consisted of two phases. The first phase included in situ screening of soil and groundwater using the membrane interface probe (MIP), and the second phase included confirmatory sampling via vertical profiles in the soil and groundwater. This study found that, using the MIP in a dynamic sampling strategy, a critical element of the Triad approach, combined with the proper placement of confirmatory samples, significantly reduced overall project cost and will expedite the site redevelopment. The use of the Triad approach also contributed to the integration of green and sustainable practices into the project. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Merging anchovy eggs abundance into a hydrodynamic model as an assessment tool for estuarine ecohydrological management
Authors: Morais Pedro , Martins Flávio , Chícharo Maria Alexandra , Lopes João , Chícharo Luís 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThe impoundment of rivers by large dams is the biggest direct anthropogenic impact on the hydrological cycle. However, dams can help solving eutrophication in estuaries by controlling flow pulses, which in turn might enhance the advection of fish larval stages from their spawning and nursery areas. Thus, this work aimed to merge data on the abundance of anchovy eggs with MOHID hydrodynamic model for the Guadiana estuary, allowing dam/basin managers to set river discharge scenarios that might mitigate/prevent eutrophication, without compromising the presence of fish larval stages inside the estuary. Data on anchovy larval stages were assessed in the Guadiana estuary and adjacent coast and three simulation setups were developed. In Simulation A, anchovy eggs abundance was merged in the hydrodynamic model to compare the outputs with data on the abundance, distribution and development stage of anchovy eggs and larvae. In Simulation B, lagrangian particles were incorporated in the model to determine the percentage of particles released from the upper, middle and lower estuary that remain in the estuary along 10 days, in two tidal situations and in seven river discharge scenarios. In Simulation C, the abundance of anchovy eggs was merged in the model to select the discharge scenario(s) that do not compromise the presence of anchovy larval stages in the estuary. Results confirmed the spawning and nursery areas of anchovy and showed that scenarios B (Qmax = 20 m3 s−1) and C (Qmax = 50 m3 s−1) should be applied during neap tides. The choice between scenarios depends on the degree of eutrophication, the effectiveness of an inexistent monitoring program and on plankton response experiments to flushing and increased nutrient loading. This work produced an easy‐to‐use management tool for Guadiana managers, serving as an example to other estuarine sites around the world. Ultimately, this work suggests that river flow management must be guided by robust ecological studies, under an adequate sociological framework and adopting sustainable economic principles to maintain and improve the ecosystem services. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tenuous options: The career development process for undocumented students
Authors: Ortiz Anna M. , Hinojosa Alejandro 
Published: September 2010

AbstractUndocumented students face a variety of legal restraints in their efforts to enter higher education in the United States. These same legal restraints are just as formidable at the end of their academic career. Career development and other student affairs professionals need to understand these legal restraints so they can maximize the chances that undocumented students have to achieve their educational and career goals.
Sharing their secrets: Undocumented students' personal stories of fear, drive, and survival
Authors: Hernandez Susana , Hernandez Ignacio , Gadson Rebecca , Huftalin Deneece , Ortiz Anna M. , White Mistalene Calleroz , Yocum‐Gaffney DeAnn 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe previous chapters have examined how the legal status of undocumented students restrains their access to higher education, exacerbates their academic and emotional stress, and limits their career opportunities. However, individually none of these challenges captures the real struggle of these students. Only through understanding undocumented students' total experience can student affairs professionals be prepared to respond to their needs.
Rejection, feeling bad, and being hurt: Using multilevel modeling to clarify the link between peer group aggression and adjustment
Authors: Rulison Kelly L. , Gest Scott D. , Loken Eric , Welsh Janet A. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThe association between affiliating with aggressive peers and behavioral, social and psychological adjustment was examined. Students initially in 3rd, 4th, and 5th grade (N = 427) were followed biannually through 7th grade. Students’ peer‐nominated groups were identified. Multilevel modeling was used to examine the independent contributions of adolescents’ typical peer context (between‐person effect) and changes in peer context (within‐person effects) to adolescents’ adjustment. Typically affiliating with aggressive groups and affiliating with more aggressive groups than usual predicted higher aggression for all youth. Typically affiliating with aggressive groups predicted negative adjustment (lower social preference and self‐worth, higher victimization) for girls but neutral or positive adjustment for boys. Although typical peer context was consistently associated with adjustment, changes in peer context predicted small changes in adjustment for several outcomes. Results underscored the need to adopt a more differentiated picture of adolescents’ dynamic peer context and its association with normative development.
Defining Success in Laparoscopic Pyeloplasty
Authors: Ramsden Alistair , Rainsbury Paul , Sells Henry 
Published: September 2010

Reported success rates for laparoscopic pyeloplasty exceed 90% despite no standard definition of success. Objective: To assess our success rate for laparoscopic pyeloplasty using various definitions reported in the literature. Method: Data for 52 patients undergoing transperitoneal laparoscopic pyeloplasty were retrospectively analysed. We define success as improvement in pain plus preservation of differential function on MAG3 renogram. Other case series were identified in the literature and their definitions of success used to reassess our data. Results: Full data were available on 47/52 patients. Defining success as improvement in pain plus preservation of differential function on MAG3 renogram, our success rate was 85.1%. By entering our data into others' definitions of success, our success rate ranged from 77% to 98%. Conclusion: We have demonstrated the impact of various definitions on the reported success rate in laparoscopic pyeloplasty. There is a need for consensus in defining success so that meaningful comparison of results can be made. We propose that our definition should be adopted in future assessments of this procedure.
Focal Therapy is an Option for the Majority of Localised Prostate Cancers: A Histopathological Study of Contemporary UK Radical Prostatectomies
Authors: Aslam Muhammad Z. , Turner G. , Brewster S.F. 
Published: September 2010

Objectives: Focal therapy for prostate cancer offers a management option intermediate between active surveillance and radical therapy for small volume, low grade localised prostate cancer. We studied a series of UK radical prostatectomies (RP) performed for organ-confined prostate cancer to identify the proportion of cases potentially suitable for pure lesion only focal therapy (PLFT) or focal hemi-gland ablation (FHA). Methods: The pathological features of 309 RP specimens were studied. Patients were grouped into the following categories: group A: unifocal cancer; group B: multifocal disease where only the index cancer was significant (Epstein's criteria); group C: unilateral multifocal significant disease; group D: bilateral multifocal significant disease. Results: 56% (172) patients were candidates for PLFT, including 70 group A cases plus 102 group B cases. Group C comprised 4% (11) cases who are candidates for FHA. Thus 60% (183) cases were candidates for either PLFT or FHA. Conclusions: A significant number of patients are potential candidates for focal therapy in this RP series. We encourage prospective clinical trials investigating the oncological safety and outcomes of focal therapy in treating low and intermediate risk localised prostate cancer.
Effects of local lidocaine treatment before and after median nerve injury on mechanical hypersensitivity and microglia activation in rat cuneate nucleus
Authors: Linl Shih‐Chang , Yehl Jiann‐Horng , Chenl Chih‐Li , Choul Shiu‐Huey , Tsail Yi‐Ju 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis study examined the relationship between microglia activation in the cuneate nucleus (CN) and behavioral hypersensitivity after chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the median nerve. We also investigated effects of local lidocaine pre‐ and post‐treatment on microglia activation and development of hypersensitivity in this model. By immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting, little immunoreactivity of OX‐42, a microglia activation marker, was detected in the CN of normal rats. As early as 1 day after CCI, there was a significant increase in OX‐42 immunoreactivity in the lesion side of CN, which reached a maximum at 14 days. Microinjection of minocycline, a microglia activation inhibitor, into the CN 1 day after CCI attenuated injury‐induced behavioral hypersensitivity in a dose‐dependent manner. Furthermore, the animals received 1%, 2% or 5% lidocaine 15 min prior to median nerve CCI (pre‐treatment), 5 h (early post‐treatment) or 1 day (late post‐treatment) after median nerve CCI. Pre‐treatment and early post‐treatment with 2% and 5% lidocaine, but not 1% lidocaine, attenuated OX‐42 immunoreactivity and behavioral hypersensitivity following median nerve injury. Late post‐treatment with 1%, 2%, or 5% lidocaine failed to decrease OX‐42 immunoreactivity and mechanical hypersensitivity in CCI rats. In conclusion, median nerve injury‐induced microglia activation in the CN modulated development of behavioral hypersensitivity. High‐concentration lidocaine was effective in decreasing microglia activation in the CN and in attenuating neuropathic pain sensations at the early stage following nerve injury, when microglia had not yet been activated.
Prescribing practices in psychiatric hospitals in Eastern Europe
Authors: Jordanova V. , Maric N.P. , Alikaj V. , Bajs M. , Cavic T. , Iosub D. , Mihai A. , Szalontay A. , Sartorius N. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackgroundThere has been no evidence about the prescribing practices in psychiatric care in Eastern Europe.AimsTo examine the patterns of psychotropic prescribing in five countries of Eastern Europe.MethodWe conducted a one-day census of psychiatric treatments used in eight psychiatric hospitals in Albania, Croatia, Macedonia, Serbia and Romania. We examined clinical records and medication charts of 1304 patients.ResultsThe use of polypharmacy was frequent across all diagnostic groups. Only 6.8% of patients were on monotherapy. The mean number of prescribed drugs was 2.8 (SD 0.97) with 26.5% receiving two drugs, 42.1% receiving three drugs and 22.1% being prescribed four or more psychotropic drugs. Typical antipsychotics were prescribed to 63% and atypical antipsychotics to 40% of patients with psychosis. Older generations of antidepressants were prescribed to 29% of patients with depression. Anxiolitic drugs were prescribed to 20.4% and benzodiazepines to 68.5% of patients. One third of patients received an anticholinergic drug on a regular basis.ConclusionsOlder generation antipsychotics and antidepressants were used more frequently than in the countries of Western Europe. Psychotropic polypharmacy is a common practice. There is a need for adopting more evidence-based practice in psychiatric care in these countries.
Mitochondrial dysfunction and pathology in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia
Authors: Clay Hayley B. , Daws Stephanie , Konradi Christine 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBipolar disorder (BPD) and schizophrenia (SZ) are severe psychiatric illnesses with a combined prevalence of 4%. A disturbance of energy metabolism is frequently observed in these disorders. Several pieces of evidence point to an underlying dysfunction of mitochondria: (i) decreased mitochondrial respiration; (ii) changes in mitochondrial morphology; (iii) increases in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) polymorphisms and in levels of mtDNA mutations; (iv) downregulation of nuclear mRNA molecules and proteins involved in mitochondrial respiration; (v) decreased high‐energy phosphates and decreased pH in the brain; and (vi) psychotic and affective symptoms, and cognitive decline in mitochondrial disorders. Furthermore, transgenic mice with mutated mitochondrial DNA polymerase show mood disorder‐like phenotypes. In this review, we will discuss the genetic and physiological components of mitochondria and the evidence for mitochondrial abnormalities in BPD and SZ. We will furthermore describe the role of mitochondria during brain development and the effect of current drugs for mental illness on mitochondrial function. Understanding the role of mitochondria, both developmentally as well as in the ailing brain, is of critical importance to elucidate pathophysiological mechanisms in psychiatric disorders.
Mineralogical evidence for a local volcanic origin of the parent material of Bermuda Quaternary paleosols
Authors: Prognon François , Cojan Isabelle , Kindler Pascal , Thiry Médard , Demange Michel 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe alternation of carbonate deposits and paleosols compose the emerged part of the Bermuda archipelago. The pedological units present a complex and diversified mineralogy. Former studies demonstrated that the paleosols are not primarily a product of the unique dissolution of the surrounding carbonates, but contain a massive input of allochthonous non-carbonate detrital material. Researchers during more than the past three decades have attributed this flux of insoluble residues (IR) to Saharan dusts. We carried out systematic field and mineralogical analyses on the Quaternary paleosols from the Bermuda archipelago. Their mineralogical assemblage predominantly includes carbonates, clay minerals (kaolinite, chlorite and chlorite/vermiculite), phosphates, and aluminium and iron oxides/hydroxides. This assemblage is strikingly close to the mineralogy of the weathered volcanic substrate of Bermuda, but noticeably different from the mineralogy of Saharan dust. Moreover, we found volcanic lithoclasts in numerous paleosol profiles all over the archipelago and in all the recorded time intervals. We thus consider the volcanic seamount underlying Bermuda as the main source of non-carbonate minerals detected in the paleosols. This hypothesis further resolves the anomalous maturity of Bermudan paleosols compared to their southern counterparts in the Bahamas and Barbados.
Managing for justice in community-based water planning: a conceptual framework
Authors: HOWARD JONATHON LEIGH 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYThis paper provides a systematic way to consider justice in community-based environmental planning and management. A conceptual framework connects the literature on management functions to the empirical and theoretical research on justice. Two contrasting case studies of the water reform process in Australia are used to illustrate how to apply this framework. These case studies show that certain perspectives of justice are particularly pertinent during different phases of a planning process, and that community-based environmental planning and management can be more difficult when the stakeholders involved have different values and views about a resource, and when perceived injustices occur early in a planning process.
Period Lengths for Iterated Functions
Authors: SCHMUTZ ERIC 
Published: September 2010

Let Ωnbe thenn-element set consisting of all functions that have {1, 2, 3, . . .,n} as both domain and codomain. LetT(f) be the order off,i.e., the period of the sequencef,f(2),f(3),f(4). . . of compositional iterates. A closely related number,B(f) = the product of the lengths of the cycles off, has previously been used as an approximation forT. This paper proves that the average values of these two quantities are quite different. The expected value ofTiswherek0is a complicated but explicitly defined constant that is approximately 3.36. The expected value ofBis much larger:
Affect Analysis Model: novel rule-based approach to affect sensing from text
Authors: NEVIAROUSKAYA ALENA , PRENDINGER HELMUT , ISHIZUKA MITSURU 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we address the tasks of recognition and interpretation of affect communicated through text messaging in online communication environments. Specifically, we focus on Instant Messaging (IM) or blogs, where people use an informal or garbled style of writing. We introduced a novel rule-based linguistic approach for affect recognition from text. Our Affect Analysis Model (AAM) was designed to deal with not only grammatically and syntactically correct textual input, but also informal messages written in an abbreviated or expressive manner. The proposed rule-based approach processes each sentence in stages, including symbolic cue processing, detection and transformation of abbreviations, sentence parsing and word/phrase/sentence-level analyses. Our method is capable of processing sentences of different complexity, including simple, compound, complex (with complement and relative clauses) and complex–compound sentences. Affect in text is classified into nine emotion categories (or neutral). The strength of the resulting emotional state depends on vectors of emotional words, relations among them, tense of the analysed sentence and availability of first person pronouns. The evaluation of the Affect Analysis Model algorithm showed promising results regarding its capability to accurately recognize fine-grained emotions reflected in sentences from diary-like blog posts (averaged accuracy is up to 77 per cent), fairy tales (averaged accuracy is up to 70.2 per cent) and news headlines (our algorithm outperformed eight other systems on several measures).
5-HT2Breceptors are expressed on astrocytes from brain and in culture and are a chronic target for all five conventional ‘serotonin-specific reuptake inhibitors’
Authors: Zhang Shiquen , Li Baoman , Lovatt Ditte , Xu Junnan , Song Dan , Goldman Steven A. , Nedergaard Maiken , Hertz Leif , Peng Liang 
Published: September 2010

In well-differentiated primary cultures of mouse astrocytes, which express no serotonin transporter (SERT), the ‘serotonin-specific reuptake inhibitor’ (SSRI) fluoxetine leadsacutelyto 5-HT2Breceptor-mediated, transactivation-dependent phosphorylation of extracellular regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) with an EC50of ~5 μM, andchronicallyto ERK1/2phosphorylation-dependent upregulation of mRNA and protein expression of calcium-dependent phospholipase A2(cPLA2) with ten-fold higher affinity. This affinity is high enough that fluoxetine given therapeutically may activate astrocytic 5-HT2Breceptors (Liet al., 2008, 2009). We now confirm the expression of 5-HT2Breceptors in astrocytes freshly dissociated from mouse brain and isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and investigate in cultured cells if the effects of fluoxetine are shared by all five conventional SSRIs with sufficiently high affinity to be relevant for mechanism(s) of action of SSRIs. Phosphorylated and total ERK1/2and mRNA and protein expression of cPLA2awere determined by Western blot and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Paroxetine, which differs widely from fluoxetine in affinity for SERT and for another 5-HT2receptor, the 5-HT2Creceptor, acted acutely and chronically like fluoxetine. One micromolar of paroxetine, fluvoxamine or sertraline increased cPLA2aexpression during chronic treatment; citalopram had a similar effect at 0.1–0.5 μM; these are therapeutically relevant concentrations.