bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
El keynesianismo desde la óptica de los países atrasados: su adaptación por Manuel de Torres a la Economía española
Authors: Zabalza Juan 
Published: June 2010

RESUMENEl siguiente trabajo se propone estudiar la introducción del keynesianismo en España a través de los escritos de Manuel de Torres, probablemente el más activo de los economistas que adoptaron de una u otra forma la nueva doctrina en la posguerra. Dada la escasez en España de una reflexión teórica original, el artículo prestará especial atención a la adaptación que realiza Torres de las ideas keynesianas al contexto de la economía española. En particular, las ideas keynesianas contribuyeron decisivamente a sustituir la vía agraria defendida por Torres como camino de desarrollo de la economía española por el industrialismo que sostiene en la posguerra. El artículo ofrece las claves de esta evolución doctrinal y reivindica el papel de las ideas económicas como poderoso instrumento de transformación.
Las tendencias a largo plazo de la economía argentina: 1875–2000
Authors: Villarroya Isabel Sanz 
Published: June 2010

RESUMENEste artículo se enmarca en el debate sobre la periodización de la historia económica de Argentina y la determinación del momento en que terminó su fase de mayor expansión. Para algunos autores, este cambio fue consecuencia de la Primera Guerra Mundial, mientras que, para otra corriente, no será hasta la Gran Depresión cuando la economía argentina comience a perder posiciones. Retomando esta discusión desde un punto de vista más analítico y a la luz de nuevos datos, utilizamos la serie de PIB per capita argentino actualmente disponible, así como técnicas de análisis univariante y contrastes de raíz unitaria, para determinar la primera ruptura significativa en la tendencia de crecimiento. Este análisis confirma 1913 como primera ruptura, mientras que 1929 solamente representa un cambio en el nivel de la serie. Al mismo tiempo, se delimitan tres grandes fases de crecimiento a largo plazo que marcan una nueva periodizáción: 1875–1913, 1914–1974 y 1975–2000.
A continuous hockey stick stock–recruit model for estimating MSY reference points
Authors: Mesnil Benoit , Rochet Marie-Joëlle 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Mesnil, B., and Rochet, M-J. 2010. A continuous hockey stick stock–recruit model for estimating MSY reference points. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1780–1784. With political commitment to restore stocks to levels where they can produce maximum sustainable yield (MSY), fisheries managers request evaluation of management plans that include options for an FMSY policy. The procedure to estimate FMSY with dynamic-pool, stock assessment models is well established for common stock–recruitment relationships (S–RR), and this capacity is extended to another S–RR, a piecewise function known as the hockey stick (HS), which is frequently assumed when the data do not support more elaborate functions. However, the HS is not continuous, which makes it problematic for this application, where differentiable functions are required. The bent-hyperbola model proves to be an adequate continuous equivalent to the HS for estimating FMSY.
Gender differences in indoor allergen exposure and association with current rhinitis
Authors: Bertelsen R. J. , Instanes C. , Granum B. , Lødrup Carlsen K. C. , Hetland G. , Carlsen K.‐H. , Mowinckel P. , Løvik M. 
Published: June 2010

SummaryBackground
Differences between boys and girls in allergic manifestations are well known, and this difference is possibly not attributed to physiological differences alone.Objective
We, therefore, investigated whether boys and girls could be exposed to different allergen levels at home and whether indoor allergen levels could be differently associated with rhinitis in boys and girls at 10 years of age.Methods
Cat, dog and house dust mite (HDM) allergen levels in mattress dust and interview data regarding current allergic disease were available for 797 10‐year‐old children (360 girls) in The Environment and Childhood Asthma Study in Oslo.Results
Girls had higher concentrations of cat and dog allergens in their mattresses compared with boys, also in homes without cats [geometric mean 95% confidence intervals (95% CI): 0.37 (0.31, 0.44) for girls and 0.26 (0.23, 0.30) μg cat allergen/g dust for boys, P=0.002], and without dogs [girls: 0.74 (0.63, 0.86) and boys: 0.55 (0.48, 0.62) μg dog allergen/g dust, P=0.003]. No difference was observed for HDM allergen (Der p 1) levels. Of the 190 (23.8%) children reporting current rhinitis, 144 (75.8%) were sensitized to at least one allergen. The adjusted odds ratio for current rhinitis increased with 1.20 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.42) per 1 μg/g dust increase in Der p 1 for girls (P=0.037), but not for boys (P=0.91).Conclusion
Girls had higher levels of cat and dog allergens in mattress dust compared with boys, whereas no difference was observed for Der p 1 allergen. Nevertheless, only increasing levels of Der p 1 and not cat and dog allergens significantly increased the risk of current rhinitis in girls, whereas no significant association was observed for boys. Cite this as: R. J. Bertelsen, C. Instanes, B. Granum, K. C. Lø;drup Carlsen, G. Hetland, K.‐H. Carlsen, P. Mowinckel and M. Løvik, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2010 (40) 1388–1397.
Association of NKG2A with treatment for chronic hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Harrison R J , Ettorre A , Little A-M , Khakoo S I 
Published: June 2010

SummaryNatural killer (NK) cells are critical to the immune response to viral infections. Their functions are controlled by receptors for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I, including NKG2A and killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR). In order to evaluate the role of MHC class I receptors in the immune response to hepatitis C virus infection we have studied patients with chronic HCV infection by multi-parameter flow cytometry directly ex vivo. This has permitted evaluation of combinatorial expression of activating and inhibitory receptors on single NK cells. Individuals with chronic HCV infection had fewer CD56dim NK cells than healthy controls (4·9 ± 3·4% versus 9·0 ± 5·9%, P &lt; 0·05). Expression levels of the inhibitory receptor NKG2A was up-regulated on NK cells from individuals with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) (NKG2A mean fluorescence intensity 5692 ± 2032 versus 4525 ± 1646, P &lt; 0·05). Twelve individuals were treated with pegylated interferon and ribavirin. This resulted in a down-regulation of NKG2A expression on CD56dim NK cells. Individuals with a sustained virological response (SVR) had greater numbers of NKG2A-positive, KIR-negative NK cells than those without SVR (27·6 ± 9·6% NK cells versus 17·6 ± 5·7, P &lt; 0·02). Our data show that NKG2A expression is dysregulated in chronic HCV infection and that NKG2A-positive NK cells are associated with a beneficial response to pegylated interferon and ribavirin therapy.
Genetic aspects of the Paget’s disease of bone: concerns on the introduction of DNA‐based tests in the clinical practice. Advantages and disadvantages of its application
Authors: Alberto Falchetti , Francesca Marini , Laura Masi , Antonietta Amedei , Luisa Brandi Maria 
Published: June 2010

Eur J Clin Invest 2010; 40 (7): 655–667AbstractBackground  A large amount of genetic studies have clearly demonstrated the existence of a genetic susceptibility to Paget’s disease of bone (PDB). Although the disease is genetically heterogeneous, the SQSTM1/p62 gene, encoding a protein with a pathophysiological role in both osteoclast differentiation and activity, has been found worldwide to harbour germline mutations in most of the PDB patients from geographically distant populations originating from different areas of Europe, both in sporadic and familial cases.Materials and Methods  Thus, SQSTM1/p62 gene mutations may confer an increased lifetime risk of developing PDB.Results  Several different genotype‐phenotype analyses have shown a high penetrance for such mutations. These results suggest the opportunity to perform genetic testing in affected individuals and then, after the identification of a SQSTM1/p62 gene germline mutation, in their relatives as a real and concrete strategy to increase the diagnostic sensitivity in most of the asymptomatic mutant carriers. However, it is of note to underlie that an incomplete penetrance for SQSTM1/p62 gene mutations has also been reported.Conclusions  In light of all these contradictory evidences, a review on whether, when and why apply the DNA test to those subjects, its interpretation and clinical application is necessary. In fact, a growing number of preventive care options are now available to affected patients and families and the process of systematically assessing risk is becoming increasingly important for both patients and physicians.
Differences in stable isotope ratios of Dall’s porpoises (Phocoenoides dalli) between coastal and oceanic areas of the North Pacific
Authors: OHIZUMI HIROSHI , MIYAZAKI NOBUYUKI 
Published: June 2010

AbstractCarbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios in the muscle of Dall’s porpoises were measured. Samples were collected from the catches of the hand harpoon fishery, incidental catches of drift net, and scientific research on the use of drift nets. Samples were from the North Pacific, Sea of Japan, Sea of Okhotsk, and Bering Sea. Although no variation in δ15N was observed, δ13C was significantly different between population groups near Japan and the oceanic North Pacific and Bering Sea. The difference may be due not only to local variation in prey species, but also to an overall difference in carbon stable isotope ratios that originate from coastal benthic or oceanic pelagic‐based food webs. We differentiated Dall’s porpoise population groups from both areas using carbon stable isotope ratios with an error rate of <5%. Although further study is needed, our results suggest that carbon stable isotope ratios could possibly be an indicator of whether a Dall’s porpoise belongs to a coastal benthic or oceanic pelagic food web.
Hydrological connectivity for riverine fish: measurement challenges and research opportunities
Authors: FULLERTON A. H. , BURNETT K. M. , STEEL E. A. , FLITCROFT R. L. , PESS G. R. , FEIST B. E. , TORGERSEN C. E. , MILLER D. J. , SANDERSON B.L. 
Published: June 2010

Summary1. In this review, we first summarize how hydrologic connectivity has been studied for riverine fish capable of moving long distances, and then identify research opportunities that have clear conservation significance. Migratory species, such as anadromous salmonids, are good model organisms for understanding ecological connectivity in rivers because the spatial scale over which movements occur among freshwater habitats is large enough to be easily observed with available techniques; they are often economically or culturally valuable with habitats that can be easily fragmented by human activities; and they integrate landscape conditions from multiple surrounding catchment(s) with in‐river conditions. Studies have focussed on three themes: (i) relatively stable connections (connections controlled by processes that act over broad spatio‐temporal scales >1000 km2and >100 years); (ii) dynamic connections (connections controlled by processes acting over fine to moderate spatio‐temporal scales ∼1–1000 km2and <1–100 years); and (iii) anthropogenic influences on hydrologic connectivity, including actions that disrupt or enhance natural connections experienced by fish.2. We outline eight challenges to understanding the role of connectivity in riverine fish ecology, organized under three foci: (i) addressing the constraints of river structure; (ii) embracing temporal complexity in hydrologic connectivity; and (iii) managing connectivity for riverine fishes. Challenges include the spatial structure of stream networks, the force and direction of flow, scale‐dependence of connectivity, shifting boundaries, complexity of behaviour and life histories and quantifying anthropogenic influence on connectivity and aligning management goals. As we discuss each challenge, we summarize relevant approaches in the literature and provide additional suggestions for improving research and management of connectivity for riverine fishes.3. Specifically, we suggest that rapid advances are possible in the following arenas: (i) incorporating network structure and river discharge into analyses; (ii) increasing explicit consideration of temporal complexity and fish behaviour in the scope of analyses; and (iii) parsing degrees of human and natural influences on connectivity and defining acceptable alterations. Multiscale analyses are most likely to identify dominant patterns of connections and disconnections, and the appropriate scale at which to focus conservation activities.
Effect of food concentration on the production and viability of resting eggs of the rotiferBrachionus: implications for the timing of sexual reproduction
Authors: GILBERT JOHN J. 
Published: June 2010

Summary1. Life‐table experiments withBrachionus calyciflorustest several hypotheses related to the idea that sexual reproduction in monogonont rotifers should occur when food resources are favourable.2. The food concentration necessary for a fertilised mictic female to produce one phenotypically normal resting egg was higher than that for an amictic female to produce one daughter. At the lowest concentration ofCryptomonas erosa(1.25 × 103 cells mL−1), the lifetime fecundity of these two types of females was 0.9 and 1.4, respectively.3. The lifetime fecundity of both fertilised mictic females and amictic females increased with food concentration to 3.4 resting eggs and 15.2 daughters female−1, respectively. The approach to maximal fecundity with increasing food concentration was more rapid for fertilised mictic females, such that their lifetime fecundity relative to that of amictic females gradually decreased from 0.64 (at 1.25 × 103 C. erosa mL−1) to 0.22 (at 2.5 × 104 C. erosa mL−1).4. The probability of a fertilised mictic female producing one or more abnormal resting eggs during her lifetime was high (approximately 75%). The mean proportion of abnormal eggs produced per female varied among the different food‐concentration treatments (26–38%) but was not higher at the low food concentrations.5. The proportion of normal resting eggs that hatched was high (51–71%); those produced at low food concentrations were no less likely to hatch than those produced at high food concentrations. No abnormal resting eggs hatched.6. The probability of a fertilised mictic female producing an abnormal resting egg increased rapidly with her age at all food concentrations. The probability of a normal resting egg hatching declined with maternal age at the low food concentration in one of two experiments.7. The results support the idea that induction of mictic females should occur when food resources are good. Coincidence of sexual reproduction with low food availability risks low production of resting eggs for several reasons. Population size may be small, with a low probability of encounters between young mictic females and males, and fertilised mictic females may be unable to mature and produce resting eggs.
Low river flow alters the biomass and population structure of a riparian predatory invertebrate
Authors: GREENWOOD MICHELLE J. , McINTOSH ANGUS R. 
Published: June 2010

Summary1. Low flows in rivers are predicted to increase in extent and severity in many areas in the future, yet the consequent impacts of river drying on terrestrial communities via (i) changes to riparian microclimatic conditions and (ii) the identity and abundance of emerging aquatic insects available to riparian predators have not been quantified.2. We investigated the influence of low river flow on a riparian fishing spider, Dolomedes aquaticus, in five New Zealand rivers containing permanently flowing and drying reaches and, in one river, along a longitudinal drying gradient.3. The biomass of aquatic insects, potential prey for D. aquaticus, declined with low river flows while the abundance of potential terrestrial prey remained similar at all sites. In the replicate rivers, and along the longitudinal drying gradient, spider biomass was lower, and size classes were skewed towards more small and fewer large spiders, in drying sites. A desiccation experiment in the laboratory indicated high sensitivity of the spiders, with prey presence increasing spider survival.4. Differences in the spatial distribution, biomass and population size structure of spiders were observed along the longitudinal drying gradient and disappeared within 16 days of the water returning to all sites.5. In total, low river flow affected the biomass of D. aquaticus, as well as their size class structure and spatial distribution. This indicates that low river flows have the potential to affect adjacent terrestrial ecosystems.
Using mind mapping techniques for rapid qualitative data analysis in public participation processes
Authors: Burgess‐Allen Jilla , Owen‐Smith Vicci 
Published: June 2010

AbstractContext  In a health service environment where timescales for patient participation in service design are short and resources scarce, a balance needs to be achieved between research rigour and the timeliness and utility of the findings of patient participation processes.Objective  To develop a pragmatic mind mapping approach to managing the qualitative data from patient participation processes.Design  While this article draws on experience of using mind maps in a variety of participation processes, a single example is used to illustrate the approach. In this example mind maps were created during the course of patient participation focus groups. Two group discussions were also transcribed verbatim to allow comparison of the rapid mind mapping approach with traditional thematic analysis of qualitative data.Setting and participants  The illustrative example formed part of a local alcohol service review which included consultation with local alcohol service users, their families and staff groups.Findings  The mind mapping approach provided a pleasing graphical format for representing the key themes raised during the focus groups. It helped stimulate and galvanize discussion and keep it on track, enhanced transparency and group ownership of the data analysis process, allowed a rapid dynamic between data collection and feedback, and was considerably faster than traditional methods for the analysis of focus groups, while resulting in similar broad themes.Conclusion  This study suggests that the use of a mind mapping approach to managing qualitative data can provide a pragmatic resolution of the tension between limited resources and quality in patient participation processes.
Molecular cloning and characterisation of a pathogenesis‐related protein CsPR10 from Crocus sativus
Authors: Gómez‐Gómez L. , Rubio‐Moraga A. , Ahrazem O. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPlants have developed many mechanisms to protect themselves against most potential microbial pathogens and diseases. Among these mechanisms, pathogenesis‐related proteins are produced as part of the active defence to prevent attack. In this study, a full‐length cDNA encoding the CsPR10 protein was identified in fresh saffron stigmas (Crocus sativus). The deduced amino acid sequence from the nucleotide sequence of the coding region showed homology with PR10 proteins. The clone expressed as a protein in fusion with a GST tag produced a 47‐kDa protein in E. coli. CsPR10 had ribonuclease activity, with features common to class II‐type ribonucleases; its specific activity was quantified as 68.8 U·mg−1 protein, thus falling within the range of most PR10 proteins exhibiting RNase activity. Antifungal activity of CsPR10 was assayed against Verticillium dahliae, Penicillium sp. and Fusarium oxysporum. CsPR10 inhibited only F. oxysporum growth, and antifungal potency was reflected in a IC50 of 8.3 μm. Expression analysis showed the presence of high transcript levels in anther and tepal tissues, low levels in stigmas and roots, and no signal detected in leaves. This protein seems to be involved in the active defence response through activation of the jasmonic acid pathway.
Elevated CO2 effects on canopy and soil water flux parameters measured using a large chamber in crops grown with free‐air CO2 enrichment
Authors: Burkart S. , Manderscheid R. , Wittich K.‐P. , Löpmeier F. J. , Weigel H.‐J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAn arable crop rotation (winter barley–sugar beet–winter wheat) was exposed to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations ([CO2]) using a FACE facility (Free‐Air CO2 Enrichment) during two rotation periods. The atmospheric [CO2] of the treatment plots was elevated to 550 ppm during daylight hours (T > 5 °C). Canopy transpiration (EC) and conductance (GC) were measured at selected intervals (>10% of total growing season) using a dynamic CO2/H2O chamber measuring system. Plant available soil water content (gravimetry and TDR probes) and canopy microclimate conditions were recorded in parallel. Averaged across both growing seasons, elevated [CO2] reduced EC by 9%, 18% and 12%, and GC by 9%, 17% and 12% in barley, sugar beet and wheat, respectively. Both global radiation (Rg) and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) were the main driving forces of EC, whereas GC was mostly related to Rg. The responses of EC and especially GC to [CO2] enrichment were insensitive to weather conditions and leaf area index. However, differences in LAI between plots counteracted the [CO2] impact on EC and thus, at least in part, explained the variability of seasonal [CO2] responses between crops and years. As a consequence of lower transpirational canopy water loss, [CO2] enrichment increased plant available soil water content in the course of the season by ca. 15 mm. This was true for all crops and years. Lower transpirational cooling due to a [CO2]‐induced reduction of EC increased canopy surface and air temperature by up to 2 °C and 0.5 °C, respectively. This is the first study to address effects of FACE on both water fluxes at canopy scale and water status of a European crop rotation.
The Arterial Supply of the Pelvic Limb of the Adult Ostrich (Struthio camelus)
Authors: El‐Nahla S. M. , El‐Mahdy T. , Abbott L. C. , Hassan S. A. M. 
Published: June 2010

With 25 figuresSummaryBlood to the pelvic limb of the ostrich is provided by the external iliac and ischiatic arteries that arise from the descending aorta. The external iliac artery (a.) gave rise to the pubic a. that supplied the obturator muscles and continued as the femoral a. The femoral a. gave off three branches: (1) cranial coxal a. to muscles above the pre‐acetabular ilium; (2) cranial femoral a. to muscles cranial to the femur, the gastrocnemius muscle, hip and stifle joints and (3) medial femoral a. to muscles caudal and medial to the femur. The ischiatic a. gave rise to the caudal coxal a. that supplied muscles caudal to the femur, muscular branches to the iliotibialis lateralis muscle and to the deep femoral a. that supplied the iliofibularis muscle, cutanea femoralis caudalis and lateralis aa., and branches to the flexors of the leg and knee joint, then terminated as the sural and popliteal arteries. The sural a. supplied most of the flexors of the foot. The popliteal a. supplied the knee joint and flexors of the leg, and then terminated as the cranial and caudal tibial arteries. The caudal tibial a. supplied flexors of the foot. The cranial tibial a. provided four branches to the knee and ankle joints and to the leg. The cranial tibial a. continued into the foot as the common dorsal metatarsal a., which gave off seven different branches to the ankle and foot. With few exceptions, the arteries of the ostrich pelvic limb are similar to those of domestic fowl.