bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative evaluation of the accuracy of two electronic apex locators in detecting simulated incomplete vertical root fractures: An in vitro stereomicroscopic study
Authors: Kararia Nitin , Kararia Vandana , Sharma Deepak , Gupta Shikha , Chaturvedi Saurabh , Chaturvedi Yogita 
Published: May 2024

Aim:
The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of two different electronic apex locators (EALs) in detecting simulated incomplete vertical root fractures (VRFs).

Materials and Methods:
Thirty freshly extracted single-rooted teeth were randomly divided into three groups of 10 teeth each labeled as Groups A, B, and C. Incomplete VRFs were simulated in the coronal, middle, and apical one-third of the roots for Groups A, B, and C, respectively. The teeth were embedded in alginate mold and fracture location was determined with Root ZX and Propex EALs for each sample and each group. To calculate the actual length (AL), each sample was sectioned at the upper level of the vertical fracture, and the length was measured by setting the stopper of the #10 K file under a stereomicroscope at ×30 magnification. The electronic lengths and ALs were compared using computer software, and the results were analyzed using SPSS 28.0 at a 95% confidence level.

Results:
No significant differences were seen in the accuracy of the two EALs when compared with ALs. Root ZX showed significantly longer measurements than ALs in groups B and C.

Conclusion:
The tested EALs showed low accuracy (20%) in detecting simulated incomplete VRFs with a tendency for longer measurements compared to ALs.
Deep margin elevation in class II cavities: A comparative evaluation of microleakage and interface integrity using confocal laser microscopy and scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Reddy K. Hanisha , Priya B. Devi , Malini D.L , Mohan T. Murali , Bollineni Swetha , Gandhodi Hari Chandana 
Published: May 2024

Aim:
This study aims to evaluate the microleakage between the gingival seat and base material and to assess the interface integrity between the base material and overlying composite in class II cavities restored using deep margin elevation.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty maxillary molars (n = 30) were taken, and class II cavities were prepared with a gingival seat extending below the cementoenamel junction. These teeth were divided into three groups for subgingival margin elevation using different materials: Group A (n = 10) – flowable composite, Group B (n = 10) – glass ionomer cement (GIC), and Group C (n = 10) – GIC with nanohydroxyapatite (GIC n-HAp). The remaining cavities were restored with bulk-fill composite. After undergoing 1000 thermocycling cycles, half of the samples were examined for microleakage using confocal laser microscopy, and the other half were assessed for interface integrity using scanning electron microscopy. Microleakage was statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA, and interface integrity was analyzed by Kruskal–Wallis tests.

Results:
The study found that GIC n-HAp exhibited significantly lower microleakage between the base material and gingival seat than flowable composite and GIC. However, regarding interface integrity between the base material and bulk-fill composite, flowable composite, and GIC outperformed GIC n-HAp.

Conclusions:
Incorporating n-HAp into GIC effectively reduced microleakage at the dentin-base material interface. However, the interface integrity between GIC n-HAp and the composite poses a challenge.
Clinicopathological comparison of periapical cyst and periapical granuloma in a cohort of Tamil population
Authors: Immanuel Jeswin , Pandiar Deepak , Krishnan Reshma Poothakulath 
Published: May 2024

Aim:
The aim of this study was to present and analyze detailed clinicopathological data of periapical cysts (PCs) and periapical granuloma (PG) in a cohort of 135 cases from the South Indian Population.

Methodology:
The present study included 135 cases of PC and PG out of 2696 biopsies submitted over 3 years. The clinicodemographic data which included age, gender, location, radiographic appearance, and treatment were collected along with the histopathological examination of the biopsied specimen. Data were entered in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, 2021, and analyzed using SPSS software ver. 26.

Results:
There were 71 cases of PG and 64 cases of PC. The mean age of occurrence in PG was slightly lower than cases in PC. Irrespective of the group, there was a clear male preponderance, and maxillary permanent central incisors were most commonly affected. However, no significant difference was noted. Radiographically, PC significantly showed more well-defined corticated radiolucent lesions compared to PG where most cases were ill-defined (69.01%). Histologically, all cases showed classic features for diagnosis with additional histological characteristics which may aid in diagnosis.

Conclusion:
PG was more common than PC. There was a predilection for the male gender in both lesions. The actual incidence of these lesions would be actually high, as some cases are lost to private practitioners, and not all the lesions are submitted for histopathological examination.
Comparative evaluation of microhardness of three restorative materials after immersion in chlorhexidine mouthwash: An in vitro study
Authors: Shah Shilpa S. , Patel Nishtha K. , Yagnik Kruti P. , Vyas Aarshati , Doshi Prerak , Keshrani Pooja R. 
Published: May 2024

Aim:
To evaluate and compare the microhardness of Filtek Z250XT, Beautifil II, and Neo Spectra ST HV after immersion in chlorhexidine mouthwash.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty disc specimens (10 for each group) made of three different restorative materials, Group 1 – Filtek (3M ESPE), Group 2 – Beautifil II (Shofu), and Group 3 – Neo Spectra ST HV (Dentsply). To simulate 1 year of daily mouthwash use, 10 specimens from each group were immersed in chlorhexidine, kept in an incubator at 37°C for 12 h, and later subjected to microhardness measurement using Vicker’s hardness test. Finally, analysis of variance and post hoc tests were used to analyze the results statistically.

Results:
A significant reduction in microhardness was observed after immersion in chlorhexidine in Groups 1 and 3 compared to Group 2.

Conclusions:
Filtek Z250XT exhibits the highest microhardness compared to the other two materials. However, Beautifil II is more resistant to chlorhexidine mouthwash and does not show a significant reduction compared to the other two restorative materials.
Immunohistochemical study of mixing mineral trioxide aggregate with hyaluronic acid as a pulp-capping agent in dog teeth
Authors: Ahmed Muthanna S. , Saeed Mohammed G. , Hasan Nadia H. 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical effect of hyaluronic acid (HA) on the mineralization rate of the reparative dentin when it is used as a mixing medium with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA).

Materials and Methods:
Direct pulp capping (DPC) was performed on 90 teeth from 10 dogs that had been experimentally exposed. The exposed pulps were divided into three groups according to the mixing medium with MTA: Group I: MTA + distilled water (control group), Group II: MTA + hybrid cooperative complex HA (HCC-HA), Group III: MTA + high molecular weight HA (HMW-HA). After pulp capping, all cavities were restored with final restoration. The dogs were divided randomly into five groups (two dogs each) according to the evaluation periods (7, 14, 21, 30, and 60) days. At the end of the study, the dogs were euthanized, and the sampled teeth were processed for immunohistochemical investigation.

Results:
Both types of HA (HCC-HA, HMW-HA) showed an increase in the expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) at a higher rate than using distilled water with MTA.

Conclusions:
Within the limitations of this study, HA proved to be an effective additive to MTA for DPC.
Cydnidae pigmentation
Authors: Selvam Oviya , Singh Yogindher 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Cydnidae pigmentation is caused by the arthropod Chilocoris assmuthi which is also known as the burrowing bug. The lesion is characterised as asymptomatic brownish red macules which develops on contact with the bug. The sudden onset of such asymptomatic lesions can cause panic to the patient and can also simulate other melanocytic lesions. Hence knowledge about the condition is important to reassure the patient about the harmless nature of the condition and relive their anxiety. We also report a case of nail pigmentation due to Cydnidae in our case series.
FUBP3 mediates the amyloid-β-induced neuronal NLRP3 expression
Authors: Yao Jing , Li Yuan , Liu Xi , Liang Wenping , Li Yu , Wu Liyong , Wang Zhe , Song Weihong 
Published: May 2024

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202507000-00028/figure1/v/2024-09-09T124005Z/r/image-tiffAlzheimer’s disease is characterized by deposition of amyloid-β, which forms extracellular neuritic plaques, and accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau, which aggregates to form intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles, in the brain. The NLRP3 inflammasome may play a role in the transition from amyloid-β deposition to tau phosphorylation and aggregation. Because NLRP3 is primarily found in brain microglia, and tau is predominantly located in neurons, it has been suggested that NLRP3 expressed by microglia indirectly triggers tau phosphorylation by upregulating the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Here, we found that neurons also express NLRP3in vitroandin vivo, and that neuronal NLRP3 regulates tau phosphorylation. Using biochemical methods, we mapped the minimalNLRP3promoter and identified FUBP3 as a transcription factor regulatingNLRP3expression in neurons. In primary neurons and the neuroblastoma cell line Neuro2A, FUBP3 is required for endogenous NLRP3 expression and tau phosphorylation only when amyloid-β is present. In the brains of aged wild-type mice and a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease, FUBP3 expression was markedly increased in cortical neurons. Transcriptome analysis suggested that FUBP3 plays a role in neuron-mediated immune responses. We also found that FUBP3 trimmed the 5′ end of DNA fragments that it bound, implying that FUBP3 functions in stress-induced responses. These findings suggest that neuronal NLRP3 may be more directly involved in the amyloid-β-to–phospho-tau transition than microglial NLRP3, and that amyloid-β fundamentally alters the regulatory mechanism ofNLRP3expression in neurons. Given that FUBP3 was only expressed at low levels in young wild-type mice and was strongly upregulated in the brains of aged mice and Alzheimer’s disease mice, FUBP3 could be a safe therapeutic target for preventing Alzheimer’s disease progression.
The Heisenberg covering of the Fermat curve
Authors: Banerjee Debargha , Merel Loïc 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
For N integer

$\ge 1$

, K. Murty and D. Ramakrishnan defined the Nth Heisenberg curve, as the compactified quotient

$X^{\prime }_N$

of the upper half-plane by a certain non-congruence subgroup of the modular group. They ask whether the Manin–Drinfeld principle holds, namely, if the divisors supported on the cusps of those curves are torsion in the Jacobian. We give a model over

$\mathbf {Z}[\mu _N,1/N]$

of the Nth Heisenberg curve as covering of the Nth Fermat curve. We show that the Manin–Drinfeld principle holds for

$N=3$

, but not for

$N=5$

. We show that the description by generator and relations due to Rohrlich of the cuspidal subgroup of the Fermat curve is explained by the Heisenberg covering, together with a higher covering of a similar nature. The curves

$X_N$

and the classical modular curves

$X(n)$

, for n even integer, both dominate

$X(2)$

, which produces a morphism between Jacobians

$J_N\rightarrow J(n)$

. We prove that the latter has image

$0$

or an elliptic curve of j-invariant

$0$

. In passing, we give a description of the homology of

$X^{\prime }_{N}$

.
On Harnack inequality and harmonic Schwarz lemma
Authors: Kargar Rahim 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we study the
$(s, C(s))$
-Harnack inequality in a domain
$G\subset \mathbb {R}^n$
for
$s\in (0,1)$
and
$C(s)\geq 1$
and present a series of inequalities related to
$(s, C(s))$
-Harnack functions and the Harnack metric. We also investigate the behavior of the Harnack metric under K-quasiconformal and K-quasiregular mappings, where
$K\geq 1$
. Finally, we provide a type of harmonic Schwarz lemma and improve the Schwarz–Pick estimate for a real-valued harmonic function.
Associations of serum D-dimer and glycosylated hemoglobin levels with third-trimester fetal growth restriction in gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Zhang Ying , Li Teng , Yue Chao-Yan , Liu Yun 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a special type of diabetes that commonly occurs in women during pregnancy and involves impaired glucose tolerance and abnormal glucose metabolism; GDM is diagnosed for the first time during pregnancy and can affect fetal growth and development.
AIM
To investigate the associations of serum D-dimer (D-D) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels with third-trimester fetal growth restriction (FGR) in GDM patients.
METHODS
The clinical data of 164 pregnant women who were diagnosed with GDM and delivered at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University from January 2021 to January 2023 were analyzed retrospectively. Among these women, 63 whose fetuses had FGR were included in the FGR group, and 101 women whose fetuses had normal body weights were included in the normal body weight group (normal group). Fasting venous blood samples were collected from the elbow at 28-30 wk gestation and 1-3 d before delivery to measure serum D-D and HbA1c levels for comparative analysis. The diagnostic value of serum D-D and HbA1c levels for FGR was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic analysis, and the influencing factors of third-trimester FGR in GDM patients were analyzed by logistic regression.
RESULTS
Serum fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, D-D and HbA1c levels were significantly greater in the FGR group than in the normal group, while the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance values were lower (P < 0.05). Regarding the diagnosis of FGR based on serum D-D and HbA1c levels, the areas under the curves (AUCs) were 0.826 and 0.848, the cutoff values were 3.04 mg/L and 5.80%, the sensitivities were 81.0% and 79.4%, and the specificities were 88.1% and 87.1%, respectively. The AUC of serum D-D plus HbA1c levels for diagnosing FGR was 0.928, and the sensitivity and specificity were 84.1% and 91.1%, respectively. High D-D and HbA1c levels were risk factors for third-trimester FGR in GDM patients (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
D-D and HbA1c levels can indicate the occurrence of FGR in GDM patients in the third trimester of pregnancy to some extent, and their combination can be used as an important index for the early prediction of FGR.
Knowledge and uses of iron supplements to treat anaemia among adolescent girls in Surabaya
Authors: Jihanwasila Nafiladiniaulia , Achmad Gusti Noorrizka Veronika , Andarsari Mareta Rindang , Yuda Ana 
Published: May 2024

Background: During adolescence, a phase of growth and development requires a lot of macros and micronutrient intake. The physical changes will certainly affect nutritional status, leading to nutritional problems, such as anaemia.
Objective: To determine the level of knowledge of adolescent girls about iron supplements and how they use them to overcome anaemia.
Method: A descriptive study with a cross-sectional design was used in this research, and an accidental sampling technique was used.
Result: Most of the respondents need better knowledge, despite most of them having taken iron supplements from school, which is a part of the programs from the government. Many respondents have received information about iron supplements and anaemia, but numerous still do not comply with taking iron supplements.
Conclusion: Education needs to be carried out to increase the compliance of adolescent girls in using iron supplements to improve the quality of the next generation.
KẾT QUẢ KIỂM SOÁT ĐA YẾU TỐ Ở BỆNH NHÂN ĐÁI THÁO ĐƯỜNG TÍP 2 ĐIỀU TRỊ TẠI TRUNG TÂM Y TẾ HUYỆN THANH BA, TỈNH PHÚ THỌ
Authors: Nguyễn Thị Hải Yến , Trịnh Xuân Tráng 
Published: May 2024

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá kết quả kiểm soát đái tháo đường típ 2 (ĐTĐT2) tại Trung tâm Y tế huyện Thanh Ba, tỉnh Phú Thọ. Phương pháp: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang trên tổng số 554 bệnh nhân ĐTĐT2 điều trị ngoại trú tại Trung tâm Y tế từ tháng 9/2022 - 9/2023. Kết quả: tuổi trung bình 63,5 ± 10,8 tuổi, tỷ lệ nữ là 65,8%. Tỷ lệ kiểm soát glucose máu (GM) lúc đói là 46,4%, Kiểm soát HbA1c lúc đói là 45,1%; Kiểm soát được huyết áp là 70,0%; Kiểm soát được BMI là 54,7%. Kiểm soát được LDL là 71,7%, kiểm soát được HDL là 63,4%; kiểm soát được Triglycerid là 47,1%; kiểm soát được Cholesterol toàn phần là 59,7%. Kết Luận: Tỷ lệ kiểm soát đa yếu tố còn ở mức trung bình; cần thực hiện tốt các biện pháp ăn uống, tập luyện và dùng thuốc để có thể cải thiện tình trạng này.
Romanticism, Internationalism, and the National Poet: Genealogies of Second-World Surrogacy
Authors: Hodgkin Samuel 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
This article considers the national poet as surrogate: the rhetorical and poetic repertory that enables speaking for the national collectivity, and the ease with which this repertory is redirected to speak on behalf of other collectivities. It is a commonplace to attribute to Soviet multinational culture a Romantic nationalist genealogy, but this continuity or revival has generally been located in genre, intertextuality, and theories of the nation. Here, the author focuses instead on the tool kit of representation, and surrogacy in particular, arguing that the Soviet multinational literary system was a crucible that transformed the representational resources of Romanticism for the postcolonial age. The author’s account draws on the distinctively neo-Romantic approaches to representation proposed by Lukacs and Ankersmit to consider the Soviet reception and translation of the major national poets Robert Burns, Victor Hugo, and Taras Shevchenko. It also follows the Soviet Eastern (Kyrgyz, Tajik, and Iranian émigré) writer-functionaries who translated the Romantics through their own acts of surrogate representation in the Third World. The result is an account of how the Soviet Union, simultaneously anti-colonial and semicolonial, bridged the transition from the Romantic figure of the national poet to the postcolonial figure of the literary representative.
Eliot at Yale
Authors: Poland Matt 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This article locates the origins of George Eliot scholarship in the archival collecting practices and editorial priorities of Chauncey Brewster Tinker and Gordon Haight at Yale University in the early twentieth century. If archives are the prehistory of reception, as the article suggests, then the collecting practices of individuals and institutions have an influence on scholarly production that is pervasive and also directive. This prehistory of The George Eliot Letters recounts how Tinker acquired her letters for Yale and his own collection, and how Haight’s perspective emerged from the institutional subjectivity of the university, library, and English department. Eliot scholarship emerges from the world of elite male book collecting and queer attachments to each other and to the Rare Books Room. The study of the Victorian novel at Yale itself developed in the shadow of eighteenth-century studies, and its dynamism contrasted markedly with the static curriculum of Victorian poetry. These factors contributed to Haight’s neglect of the significance of Eliot’s poetry, and to his exclusion of correspondence addressing it in the Letters. Haight’s sense of ownership of Eliot’s life and achievements has lastingly impacted the horizons of George Eliot studies, which remains artificially secular and oriented toward the novel.
An Amateur Physiologist: George Henry Lewes as Witness at the 1875 Royal Commission on Vivisection, Part I
Authors: Holmes Tarquin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This article investigates the background to George Henry Lewes’s testimony at the 1875 Royal Commission on Vivisection, paying particular attention to his role as the sole “private investigator” (amateur physiologist) to testify at the Commission. Lewes’s initial training in medicine in the 1830s, the reawakening of his experimental interests in the 1850s, and his attempts to contribute to debates around the nature of animal reflex actions are discussed. This is followed by an analysis of why amateur and private animal experimentation was by the 1870s increasingly seen as problematic by antivivisectionists concerned about the lack of accountability of scientific experiment to public purview and sentiment and outdated by scientists demanding increasing exactitude in laboratory experiments. This article will be followed by an accompanying second part that will examine Lewes’s 1875 testimony in detail.
Nurses’ characteristics and spiritual care knowledge in hospital setting: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Nuridah Nuridah , Yodang Yodang 
Published: May 2024

Background: The low awareness among nurses regarding the provision of spiritual services in healthcare settings results in unmet spiritual needs among patients, leading hospitals to be perceived solely as centers focusing on physical aspects. This stems from nurses’ low competence in providing spiritual care services.
Objective: This study aims to analyze the correlation between nurses’ characteristics and their knowledge of spiritual care in a hospital setting.
Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted, with respondents recruited using a purposive sampling technique. Inclusion criteria included nurses working in hospitals who directly care for patients. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis (frequency and percentage) and bivariate analysis using Fisher’s exact test.
Result: A total of 117 nurses participated in this study, of whom 59.8% were female, 63.25% were aged <31 years old, 77.8% were permanent workers, 57.2% had work experience < 5 years, 91.5% were Muslim, 55.6% attended workshops/seminars, and 76.9% had moderate knowledge. Workshops/seminars had a positive correlation with knowledge and were statistically significant.
Conclusion: Spiritual workshops/seminars have a positive correlation and are statistically significant in enhancing nurses’ knowledge of spiritual care in a hospital setting. Therefore, there is a need to improve nurses’ spiritual care knowledge through continuing education, such as training, seminars, or workshops.
Impact of Rules of Origin on Market Access in Japan for Developing Countries Under Generalized System of Preferences (GSP)
Authors: Mizuo Yuki 
Published: May 2024

This paper analyses the impact of rules of origin (ROO) of Japan’s Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) on Japan’s import value using data for 97 countries and territories. Under the GSP scheme, Japan unilaterally provides preferential tariff treatment for goods originating in developing countries to promote their exportation and economic growth. Aiming to capture the restrictiveness of ROO, I construct a synthetic index based on earlier research by Cadot et al. (2006). Regression results show that when the tariff rate under ROO is raised by one point, import value using GSP decreases by 19.2 per cent. This result is statistically significant and robust. An additional finding is that the GSP import value increases by approximately 3 per cent when the tariff rate is reduced by one percentage point. Furthermore, EPA eligibility reduces the GSP import value significantly because when both Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) and GSP preferential tariffs are provided to the same product, and if the EPA rate is less or equal to the GSP rate, importers cannot claim GSP. On the other hand, exemption from documentary submission requirements does not affect the GSP import value. These findings have the potential to enable Japan to make trade rules more strategic in response to changes in the global trade environment.