bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A method for isolation of karanjin from the expelled cake of Pongamia glabra
Authors: Susarla Radha S. , Murthy Marthanda M. , Rao Bhamidipati V. S. K. , Chakrabarti Pradosh P. , Prasad Rachapudi B. N. , Kanjilal Sanjit 
Published: April 2012

AbstractDue to the renewed interest in the production of biodiesel from nonconventional oils like karanja (Pongamia glabra), huge quantity of expelled cake will be generated in near future. However, due to the presence of several antinutritional components, expelled karanja cake cannot be used as feed for poultry and livestock. It needs detoxification and the first step during detoxification is the removal of karanjin, the major bioactive constituent. The present study aimed at isolation of karanjin from expelled cake. Accordingly, a simple and scalable process was developed for the isolation of karanjin with purity in the range of 95–97% from the expelled cake of karanja. Different solvents were screened by varying temperature, time, and amount of extracting solvents to extract karanjin from the expelled cake and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) was found to be the best among them. DMC extraction of 1.0 kg of expelled cake yielded 3.6 g (0.36% with respect to expelled cake) of karanjin of 97% purity.
An efficient reaction protocol for the ruthenium‐catalysed epoxidation of methyl oleate
Authors: Behr Arno , Tenhumberg Nils , Wintzer Andreas 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe transition metal catalysed epoxidation of methyl oleate 1 by hydrogen peroxide was investigated using Ru(acac)3/dipicolinic acid as catalyst. Under optimised reaction conditions, the epoxidised methyl oleate 2 was obtained with a quantitative yield in short reaction time and under mild reaction conditions.Practical applications: Epoxidised fatty acids and their derivatives are produced by the Prilezhaev reaction and used in various applications in the chemical industry. Due to the known drawbacks of epoxidation with peroxy acids, such as hazardous handling of peracids in large quantities or the decrease of epoxide selectivity due to the formation of undesired by‐products in the acidic medium, the epoxidation of fatty acid derivatives using more convenient oxidants is still a subject of research interest. Herein, we present a simple procedure for the transition metal catalysed epoxidation of methyl oleate 1 by hydrogen peroxide in quantitative yields, and under mild reaction conditions, as a potential alternative for the production of epoxidised fatty acid derivatives.
AKR1B10 overexpression in breast cancer: Association with tumor size, lymph node metastasis and patient survival and its potential as a novel serum marker
Authors: Ma Jun , Luo Di‐Xian , Huang Chenfei , Shen Yi , Bu Yiwen , Markwell Stephen , Gao John , Liu Jianghua , Zu Xuyu , Cao Zhe , Gao Zachary , Lu Fengmin , Liao Duan‐Fang , Cao Deliang 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAldo‐keto reductase 1B10 (AKR1B10) is a secretory protein that is upregulated with tumorigenic transformation of human mammary epithelial cells. This study demonstrated that AKR1B10 was overexpressed in 20 (71.4%) of 28 ductal carcinomas in situ, 184 (83.6%) of 220 infiltrating carcinomas and 28 (87.5%) of 32 recurrent tumors. AKR1B10 expression in breast cancer was correlated positively with tumor size (p = 0.0012) and lymph node metastasis (p = 0.0123) but inversely with disease‐related survival (p = 0.0120). Univariate (p = 0.0077) and multivariate (p = 0.0192) analyses both suggested that AKR1B10, alone or together with tumor size and node status, is a significant prognostic factor for breast cancer. Silencing of AKR1B10 in BT‐20 human breast cancer cells inhibited cell growth in culture and tumorigenesis in female nude mice. Importantly, AKR1B10 in the serum of breast cancer patients was significantly increased to 15.18 ± 9.08 ng/ml [n = 50; 95% confidence interval (CI), 12.60–17.76], with a high level up to 58.4 ng/ml, compared to 3.34 ± 2.27 ng/ml in healthy donors (n = 60; 95% CI, 2.78–3.90). In these patients, AKR1B10 levels in serum were correlated with its expression in tumors (r = 0.8066; p < 0.0001). Together our data suggests that AKR1B10 is overexpressed in breast cancer and may be a novel prognostic factor and serum marker for this deadly disease.
Prospective study of ultraviolet radiation exposure and risk of cancer in the United States
Authors: Lin Shih‐Wen , Wheeler David C. , Park Yikyung , Cahoon Elizabeth K. , Hollenbeck Albert R. , Freedman D. Michal , Abnet Christian C. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractEcologic studies have reported that solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure is associated with cancer; however, little evidence is available from prospective studies. We aimed to assess the association between an objective measure of ambient UVR exposure and risk of total and site‐specific cancer in a large, regionally diverse cohort [450,934 white, non‐Hispanic subjects (50–71 years) in the prospective National Institutes of Health (NIH)‐AARP Diet and Health Study] after accounting for individual‐level confounding risk factors. Estimated erythemal UVR exposure from satellite Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) data from NASA was linked to the US Census Bureau 2000 census tract (centroid) of baseline residence for each subject. We used Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for multiple potential confounders to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for quartiles of UVR exposure. Restricted cubic splines examined nonlinear relationships. Over 9 years of follow‐up, UVR exposure was inversely associated with total cancer risk (N = 75,917; highest versus lowest quartile; HR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.95–0.99; p‐trend < 0.001). In site‐specific cancer analyses, UVR exposure was associated with increased melanoma risk (highest versus lowest quartile; HR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.13–1.32; p‐trend < 0.001) and decreased risk of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (HR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.74–0.92) and colon (HR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.82–0.96), squamous cell lung (HR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.75–0.98), pleural (HR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.38–0.84), prostate (HR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.88–0.95), kidney (HR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.73–0.94) and bladder (HR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.81–0.96) cancers (all p‐trend < 0.05). We also found nonlinear associations for some cancer sites, including the thyroid and pancreas. Our results add to mounting evidence for the influential role of UVR exposure on cancer.
Biological Assessment of Water Pollution Using Periphyton Productivity and Standing Crop in the Linggi River, Malaysia
Authors: Nather Khan Ibrahim , Begham M. Firuza 
Published: April 2012

AbstractMany assessments of water pollution in aquatic ecosystem have focused mainly on physical and chemical characteristics. However, until recently, biological aspects have been given little attention. Although physical and chemical methods of assessing water pollution are relatively simple to interpret, biological assessments have many strong merits. Therefore an attempt was made to use periphyton productivity (in terms of biomass ash‐free dry weight, AFDW) and chlorophyll‐a content (measured from periphyton colonized on glass microscope slides) to assess water pollution in the Linggi river. The Linggi River is a tropical lotic system in the country of Malaysia. As a result of increased nutrient enrichment due to sewage and agro‐industrial wastes, analyses of accumulated periphyton on glass slides showed increased biomass AFDW from an unpolluted upstream reach to the highly polluted downstream reach of the river. In contrast to biomass, the chlorophyll‐a content of the accumulated periphyton was not always directly related to the AFDW of the biomass. Though the highly polluted Station 4 showed high biomass AFDW and chlorophyll‐a, due to increased nutrient enrichment. The chlorophyll‐a values at slightly polluted Station 2 were lower than at the unpolluted Station 1. Meanwhile, the mean chlorophyll‐a content observed in Linggi river was relatively high as compared to previous studies carried out in Malaysia. When the Water Quality Index (WQI) was calculated using key chemical parameters linked to organic pollution, there was a significant correlation between chemical parameters, biomass AFDW, and chorophyll‐a. Though the chlorophyll‐a content increased with decreases in the WQI, similar to the biomass AFDW, the chlorophyll‐a values were found to be lower in slightly polluted Station 2 than unpolluted Station 1. Therefore it was not necessary that an increase in the biomass AFDW, due to nutrient enrichment, would always increase the chlorophyll‐a in accumulated periphyton (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Extended acute toxicity study of 188Re‐liposome in Rats
Authors: Chi‐Mou Liu , Chia‐Che Tsai , Chia‐Yu Yu , Wan‐Chi Lee , Chung‐Li Ho , Tsui‐Jung Chang , Chih‐Hsien Chang , Te‐Wei Lee 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTLiposomes can selectively target cancer sites and carry payloads, thereby improving diagnostic and therapeutic effectiveness as well as reducing toxicity. To evaluate therapeutic strategies, it is essential to use animal models reflecting important safety aspects before clinical application. As our previous study found that a high dosage (185 of MBq) of 188Re‐N,N‐bis (2‐mercaptoethyl)‐N’,N’‐diethylethylenediamine‐labeled pegylated liposomes (188Re‐liposome) induced a decrease in white blood cell (WBC) count in Sprague–Dawley rats 7 days postinjection, the objective of the present study was to investigate extended acute radiotoxicity of 188Re‐liposome. Rats were administered via intravenous (i.v.) injection with 188Re‐liposome (185, 55.5 and 18.5 MBq), normal saline as a blank control or non‐radioactive liposome as a vehicle control. Mortality, clinical signs, food consumption, body weights, urinary, biochemical and hematological analyzes were examined. In addition, gross necropsy and histopathological examinations were also performed at the end of the follow‐up period. None of the rats died and no clinical sign was observed during the 28‐day study period. Only male rats receiving 188Re‐liposome at a high dosage (185 MBq) displayed a slight weight loss compared with the control rats. In both male and female rats, the WBC counts of both high‐dose and medium‐dose (55.5 MBq) groups reduced significantly 7 days postinjection, but recovered to the normal range on Study Day 29. There was no significant difference in urinary analyzes, biochemical parameters and histopathological assessments between the 188Re‐liposome‐treated and control groups. The information generated from the present study on extended acute toxicity of 188Re‐liposome will serve as a safety reference for radiopharmaceuticals in early‐phase clinical trials. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cadmium‐induced hepatotoxicity and its abrogation by thymoquinone
Authors: Zafeer Mohammad Faraz , Waseem Mohammad , Chaudhary Shaista , Parvez Suhel 
Published: April 2012

AbstractCadmium (Cd2+) causes alteration of the cellular homeostasis and oxidative damage. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible protective role of thymoquinone (TQ), a predominant bioactive component present in black seed oil (Nigella sativa) on the hepatotoxicity of Cd2+ with special reference to its protection against perturbation of nonenzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants. The effect of TQ pretreatment was examined in postnuclear supernatant prepared from liver of Swiss albino mice under in vitro conditions. CdCl2 treatment (5 mM) resulted in a significant increase in antioxidant enzymatic activities. It also caused a significant (p < 0.001) increase in protein carbonyl and reduced glutathione content. Pretreatment with TQ (10 μM) showed a significant protection as manifested by noticed attenuation of protein oxidation and rejuvenation of the depleted antioxidants of cellular fraction. These results strengthen the hypothesis that TQ exerts modulatory influence on the antioxidant defense system on being subjected to toxic insult. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 26:199–205, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.21402
Effect of glycolysis inhibition on mitochondrial function in rat brain
Authors: Cano‐Ramírez D. , Torres‐Vargas C. E. , Guerrero‐Castillo S. , Uribe‐Carvajal S. , Hernández‐Pando R. , Pedraza‐Chaverri J. , Orozco‐Ibarra M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractInhibition of the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase enhances the neural vulnerability to excitotoxicity both in vivo and in vitro through an unknown mechanism possibly related to mitochondrial failure. However, as the effect of glycolysis inhibition on mitochondrial function in brain has not been studied, the aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of glycolysis inhibition induced by iodoacetate on mitochondrial function and oxidative stress in brain. Mitochondria were isolated from brain cortex, striatum and cerebellum of rats treated systemically with iodoacetate (25 mg/kg/day for 3 days). Oxygen consumption, ATP synthesis, transmembrane potential, reactive oxygen species production, lipoperoxidation, glutathione levels, and aconitase activity were assessed. Oxygen consumption and aconitase activity decreased in the brain cortex and striatum, showing that glycolysis inhibition did not trigger severe mitochondrial impairment, but a slight mitochondrial malfunction and oxidative stress were present. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 26:206–211, 2012; View this article online atwileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.21404
Therapeutic effects of human adipose stem cell‐conditioned medium on stroke
Authors: Cho Yu Jin , Song Hyeon Suk , Bhang SukHo , Lee Saehyoung , Kang Bong Gu , Lee Jae Chul , An Jaeyeol , Cha Choong Ik , Nam Do‐Hyun , Kim Byung Soo , Joo Kyeung Min 
Published: April 2012

AbstractStem cell therapy is a promising approach for stroke. However, low survival rates and potential tumorigenicity of implanted cells could undermine the efficacy of the cell‐based treatment. The use of stem cell‐conditioned medium (CM) may be a feasible approach to overcome these limitations. Especially, specific stem cell culture condition and continuous infusion of CM into ischemic brains would have better therapeutic results. The CM was prepared by culturing human adipose‐derived stem cells in a three‐dimensional spheroid form to increase the secretion of angiogenic/neuroprotective factors. Ischemic stroke was induced by standard middle cerebral artery occlusion methods in the brain of 8‐week‐old Sprague‐Dawley rats. Continuous infusion of CM or αMEM media (0.5 μl/hr) into the lateral ventricle was initiated 8 days after the surgery and maintained for 7 days. Alteration in the motor function was monitored by the rotarod test. Infarction volume and the number of microvessels or TUNEL‐positive neural cells were analyzed 15 days after the surgery. Compared with αMEM, continuous CM infusion reduced the infarction volume and maintained motor function. The number of CD31‐positive microvessels and TUNEL‐positive neural cells significantly increased and decreased, respectively, in the penumbra regions. Although the apoptosis of all neural cell types decreased, reduction in the microglial apoptosis and astrogliosis was prominent and significant. In this study, the therapeutic effects of the CM against stroke were confirmed in an animal model. Increased endothelial cell proliferation, reduced neural cell apoptosis, and milder astrogliosis may play important roles in the treatment effects of CM. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stromal factors SDF1α, sFRP1, and VEGFD induce dopaminergic neuron differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Schwartz Catherine M. , Tavakoli Tahereh , Jamias Charmaine , Park Sung‐Soo , Maudsley Stuart , Martin Bronwen , Phillips Terry M. , Yao Pamela J. , Itoh Katsuhiko , Ma Wu , Rao Mahendra S. , Arenas Ernest , Mattson Mark P. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractHuman embryonic stem cell (hESC)‐derived dopaminergic (DA) neurons hold potential for treating Parkinson's disease (PD) through cell replacement therapy. Generation of DA neurons from hESCs has been achieved by coculture with the stromal cell line PA6, a source of stromal cell‐derived inducing activity (SDIA). However, the factors produced by stromal cells that result in SDIA are largely undefined. We previously reported that medium conditioned by PA6 cells can generate functional DA neurons from NTera2 human embryonal carcinoma stem cells. Here we show that PA6‐conditioned medium can induce DA neuronal differentiation in both NTera2 cells and the hESC I6 cell line. To identify the factor(s) responsible for SDIA, we used large‐scale microarray analysis of gene expression combined with mass spectrometric analysis of PA6‐conditioned medium (CM). The candidate factors, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), stromal cell‐derived factor‐1 α (SDF1α), secreted frizzled‐related protein 1 (sFRP1), and vascular endothelial growth factor D (VEGFD) were identified, and their concentrations in PA6 CM were established by immunoaffinity capillary electrophoresis. Upon addition of SDF1α, sFRP1, and VEGFD to the culture medium, we observed an increase in the number of cells expressing tyrosine hydroxylase (a marker for DA neurons) and βIII‐tubulin (a marker for immature neurons) in both the NTera2 and I6 cell lines. These results indicate that SDF1α, sFRP1, and VEGFD are major components of SDIA and suggest the potential use of these defined factors to elicit DA differentiation of pluripotent human stem cells for therapeutic intervention in PD. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
m‐trifluoromethyl diphenyl diselenide attenuates glutaric acid‐induced seizures and oxidative stress in rat pups: Involvement of the γ‐aminobutyric acidergic system
Authors: Magni Danieli Valnes , Brüning César Augusto , Gai Bibiana Mozzaquatro , Quines Caroline Brandão , Rosa Suzan Gonçalves , Fighera Michele Rechia , Nogueira Cristina Wayne 
Published: April 2012

AbstractGlutaric acidemia type I (GA‐I) is an inherited metabolic disease characterized by accumulation of glutaric acid (GA) and seizures. The intrastriatal GA administration in rats has been used as an animal model to mimic seizures presented by glutaric acidemic patients. m‐Trifluoromethyl diphenyl diselenide, (m‐CF3‐C6H4Se)2, is an organoselenium compound that protects against seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole in mice. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate whether (m‐CF3‐C6H4Se)2 is effective against GA‐induced seizures and oxidative stress in rat pups 21 days of age. Our findings demonstrate that (m‐CF3‐C6H4Se)2 preadministration (50 mg/kg; p.o.) protected against the reduction in latency and the increased duration of GA (1.3 μmol/right striatum)‐induced seizures in rat pups. In addition, (m‐CF3‐C6H4Se)2 protected against the increase in reactive species generation and the reduction in antioxidant defenses glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S‐transferase activities induced by GA. By contrast, no change in glutathione reductase or catalase activities was found. In addition, (m‐CF3‐C6H4Se)2 was effective in protecting against inhibition of Na+,K+‐ATPase activity caused by GA in striatum of rat pups. This study showed for the first time that GA administration caused an increase in [3H]GABA uptake from striatum slices of rat pups and that (m‐CF3‐C6H4Se)2 preadministration protected against this increase. A positive correlation between duration of seizures and [3H]GABA uptake levels was demonstrated. The results indicate that (m‐CF3‐C6H4Se)2 protected against GA‐induced seizures. Moreover, these findings suggest that the protection against oxidative stress, the inhibition of Na+,K+‐ATPase activity, and the increase in [3H]GABA uptake are possible mechanisms for the potential anticonvulsant action of (m‐CF3‐C6H4Se)2. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Workaholism and daily recovery: A day reconstruction study of leisure activities
Authors: Bakker Arnold B. , Demerouti Evangelia , Oerlemans Wido , Sonnentag Sabine 
Published: April 2012

SummaryThis study among 85 individuals used a day reconstruction approach to examine whether workaholism moderates the relationship between daily activities during non‐work time and daily well‐being in the evening (evening happiness, momentary vigor before bedtime, and momentary recovery before bedtime). Specifically, it was hypothesized that daily work‐related activities during the evening have a stronger negative relationship with daily well‐being for employees high (versus low) in workaholism and that daily physical and social activities have a stronger positive relationship with well‐being for employees high (versus low) in workaholism. The results of multilevel analyses largely supported the hypotheses for daily physical and work‐related activities but not for social activities during non‐work time. These findings imply that organizations should not encourage their employees and particularly those who score high on workaholism to work during non‐work time and instead promote physical exercise. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predicting poor physical performance after total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Bade Michael J. , Wolfe Pamela , Zeni Joseph A. , Stevens‐Lapsley Jennifer E. , Snyder‐Mackler Lynn 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to develop a preliminary decision algorithm predicting functional performance outcomes to aid in the decision of when to undergo total knee arthroplasty (TKA). One hundred and nineteen patients undergoing primary unilateral TKA were evaluated before and 6 months after TKA. A regression tree analysis using a recursive partitioning function was performed with the Timed Up and Go (TUG) time, Six‐Minute Walk (6MW) distance, and Stair Climbing Test (SCT) time as measured 6 months after TKA as the primary outcomes. Preoperative measures of functional performance, joint performance, anthropometrics, demographics, and self‐reported status were evaluated as predictors of the primary outcomes 6 months after surgery. Individuals taking ≥10.1 s on the TUG and aged 72 years or older before surgery had the poorest performance on the TUG 6 months after surgery. Individuals walking <314 meters on the 6MW before surgery had the poorest performance on the 6MW test 6 months after surgery. Individuals taking ≥17 s to complete the SCT and scoring <40 on the SF‐36 mental component score before surgery had the poorest performance on the SCT 6 months after surgery. Poorer performance preoperatively on the 6MW, SCT, and TUG, was related to poorer performance in the same measure after TKA. Age and decreased mental health were secondary predictors of poorer performance at 6 months on the TUG and SCT, respectively. These measures may help further develop models predicting thresholds for poor outcomes after TKA. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:1805–1810, 2012
Corruption in sub‐Saharan Africa: A phenomenological study
Authors: Odemba Alexander S. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe author conducted a qualitative phenomenological study to identify and describe the challenges of government leaders with regard to addressing corrupt practices in sub‐Saharan Africa, particularly Tanzania. The author interviewed 12 senior government leaders to explore their perceptions on corrupt practices in sub‐Saharan Africa. Interview data collected resulted in five themes encompassing the need for change in education and behaviors among citizens, media freedom, government transparency, election reform, and global sanctions. The study findings provide a fresh perspective on the challenges of corrupt practices particularly facing leaders in sub‐Saharan Africa, which extend beyond the prevailing theories of corruption.