bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low‐grade focal cortical dysplasia is associated with prenatal and perinatal brain injury
Authors: Krsek Pavel , Jahodova Alena , Maton Bruno , Jayakar Prasanna , Dean Patricia , Korman Brandon , Rey Gustavo , Dunoyer Catalina , Vinters Harry V. , Resnick Trevor , Duchowny Michael 
Published: September 2010

SummaryPurpose: Prenatal and perinatal adverse events are reported to have a pathogenetic role in focal cortical dysplasia (FCD). However, no data are available regarding the prevalence and significance of this association. A cohort of children with significant prenatal and perinatal brain injury and histologically proven mild malformations of cortical development (mMCD) or FCD was analyzed.Methods: We retrospectively evaluated a surgical series of 200 patients with histologically confirmed mMCD/FCD. Combined historical and radiologic inclusion criteria were used to identify patients with prenatal and perinatal risk factors. Electroclinical, imaging, neuropsychological, surgical, histopathologic, and seizure outcome data were reviewed.Results: Prenatal and perinatal insults including severe prematurity, asphyxia, bleeding, hydrocephalus, and stroke occurred in 12.5% of children with mMCD/FCD (n = 25). Their epilepsy was characterized by early seizure onset, high seizure frequency, and absence of seizure control. Patients with significant prenatal and perinatal risk factors had more abnormal neurologic findings, lower intelligence quotient (IQ) scores, and slower background EEG activity than mMCD/FCD subjects without prenatal or perinatal brain injury. MRI evidence of cortical malformations was identified in 74% of patients. Most patients underwent large multilobar resections or hemispherectomies; 54% were seizure‐free 2 years after surgery. Histologically “milder” forms of cortical malformations (mMCD and FCD type I) were observed most commonly in our series.Conclusions: Surgically remediable low‐grade cortical malformations may occur in children with significant prenatally and perinatally acquired encephalopathies and play an important role in the pathogenesis of their epilepsy. Presurgical detection of dysplastic cortex has important practical consequences for surgical planning.
A longitudinal study of epilepsy in Kolkata, India
Authors: Banerjee Tapas Kumar , Ray Biman Kanti , Das Shyamal Kumar , Hazra Avijit , Ghosal Malay Kumar , Chaudhuri Arijit , Roy Trishit , Raut Deepak Kumar 
Published: September 2010

SummaryPurpose: This study aimed to determine the prevalence, incidence, and mortality rates of epilepsy in the city of Kolkata, India. This is the first such longitudinal study in a heterogeneous urban Indian population.Methods: A two‐stage door‐to‐door survey of a stratified random sample was undertaken within the municipal limits of Kolkata. Trained field workers detected and interviewed the cases using a simple screening questionnaire, and the detailed follow‐up was done by neurologists. The survey was conducted annually for five consecutive years from March 2003 through February 2008.Results: A total of 52,377 (52.74% men) individuals were screened. There were 309 prevalent and 66 incident cases of active epilepsy. The prevalence and average annual incidence rate (AAIR) with 95% confidence interval (CI), age‐standardized to World Standard Population, were 572.8 (509.79–641.54) per 100,000 and 27.27 (21.03–34.80) per 100,000 per year, respectively. The age‐specific incidence rates of epilepsy showed bimodal distribution. During the 5‐year period, 20 cases of active epilepsy died. The average annual mortality rate (AAMR) was 7.63 (95% CI 4.45–11.26) per 100,000 population per year. Compared to the general population of Kolkata, the all‐cause standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for persons with epilepsy was 2.58 overall (men 3.67; women 1.77). There was no significant difference between slum and nonslum dwellers in epidemiologic parameters.Conclusions: The AAIR of epilepsy is comparable to that observed in developed countries, but AAMR is higher. The all‐cause SMR for epilepsy relative to the general population is, however, similar to that of developed nations.
Two distinct regions in 2q24.2‐q24.3 associated with idiopathic epilepsy
Authors: Krepischi Ana Cristina Victorino , Knijnenburg Jeroen , Bertola Debora Romeo , Kim Chong Ae , Pearson Peter Lees , Bijlsma Emilia , Szuhai Karoly , Kok Fernando , Vianna‐Morgante Angela Maria , Rosenberg Carla 
Published: September 2010

SummaryApproximately 50% of all carriers of 2q21‐q31 deletions present epileptic seizures. The band 2q24 constitutes the smallest commonly deleted segment in these patients, and contains the voltage‐gated sodium channel genes SCN1A and SCN2A, associated with Dravet syndrome and benign familial neonatal–infantile seizures, respectively. A further putative locus involving epilepsy in the region was previously identified through disruption of the SLC4A10 gene by translocation. In the course of performing high‐resolution DNA copy number analyses on syndromic mentally impaired individuals, we encountered three patients with overlapping deletions in chromosome region 2q24. Two of these patients exhibited epileptic seizures in addition to mental deficiency. The deletion in one of the epileptic patients did not include the SCN cluster, demonstrating that a less severe form of epilepsy maps to an adjacent genomic region. This second region comprises about 3 Mb and contains the candidate gene SLC4A10, providing further support for the potential role of this gene in epilepsy.
The EEG response to pyridoxine‐IV neither identifies nor excludes pyridoxine‐dependent epilepsy
Authors: Bok Levinus A. , Maurits Natasha M. , Willemsen Michèl A. , Jakobs Cornelis , Teune Laura K. , Poll‐The Bwee Tien , De Coo Irenaeus F. , Toet Mona C. , Hagebeuk Eveline E. , Brouwer Oebele F. , Van Der Hoeven Johannes H. , Sival Deborah A. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryPurpose:  Pyridoxine‐dependent epilepsy (PDE) is characterized by therapy‐resistant seizures (TRS) responding to intravenous (IV) pyridoxine. PDE can be identified by increased urinary alpha‐aminoadipic semialdehyde (α‐AASA) concentrations and mutations in the ALDH7A1 (antiquitin) gene. Prompt recognition of PDE is important for treatment and prognosis of seizures. We aimed to determine whether immediate electroencephalography (EEG) alterations by pyridoxine‐IV can identify PDE in neonates with TRS.Methods:  In 10 neonates with TRS, we compared online EEG alterations by pyridoxine‐IV between PDE (n = 6) and non‐PDE (n = 4). EEG segments were visually and digitally analyzed for average background amplitude and total power and relative power (background activity magnitude per frequency band and contribution of the frequency band to the spectrum).Results:  In 3 of 10 neonates with TRS (2 of 6 PDE and 1 of 4 non‐PDE neonates), pyridoxine‐IV caused flattening of the EEG amplitude and attenuation of epileptic activity. Quantitative EEG alterations by pyridoxine‐IV consisted of (1) decreased central amplitude, p < 0.05 [PDE: median −30% (range −78% to −3%); non‐PDE: −20% (range −45% to −12%)]; (2) unaltered relative power; (3) decreased total power, p < 0.05 [PDE: −31% (−77% to −1%); −27% (−73% to −13%); −35% (−56% to −8%) and non‐PDE: −16% (−43% to −5%); −28% (−29% to −17%); −26% (−54% to −8%), in delta‐, theta‐ and beta‐frequency bands, respectively]; and (4) similar EEG responses in PDE and non‐PDE.Discussion:  In neonates with TRS, pyridoxine‐IV induces nonspecific EEG responses that neither identify nor exclude PDE. These data suggest that neonates with TRS should receive pyridoxine until PDE is fully excluded by metabolic and/or DNA analysis.
An examination of the predictors of blood donors' intentions to donate during two phases of an avian influenza outbreak
Authors: Masser Barbara M. , White Katherine M. , Hamilton Kyra , McKimmie Blake M. 
Published: September 2010

BACKGROUND: Data from prior health scares suggest that an avian influenza outbreak will impact on people's intention to donate blood; however, research exploring this is scarce. Using an augmented theory of planned behavior (TPB), incorporating threat perceptions alongside the rational decision‐making components of the TPB, the current study sought to identify predictors of blood donors' intentions to donate during two phases of an avian influenza outbreak.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Blood donors (n = 172) completed an on‐line survey assessing the standard TPB predictors as well as measures of threat perceptions from the health belief model (i.e., perceived susceptibility and severity). Path analyses examined the utility of the augmented TPB to predict donors' intentions to donate during a low‐ and high‐risk phase of an avian influenza outbreak.RESULTS: In both phases, the model provided a good fit to the data explaining 69% (low risk) and 72% (high risk) of the variance in intentions. Attitude, subjective norm, and perceived susceptibility significantly predicted donor intentions in both phases. Within the low‐risk phase, sex was an additional significant predictor of intention, while in the high‐risk phase, perceived behavioral control was significantly related to intentions.CONCLUSIONS: An augmented TPB model can be used to predict donors' intentions to donate blood in a low‐risk and a high‐risk phase of an outbreak of avian influenza. As such, the results provide important insights into donors' decision‐making that can be used by blood agencies to maintain the blood supply in the context of an avian influenza outbreak.
Serotonin and fluoxetine receptors are expressed in enamel organs and LS8 cells and modulate gene expression in LS8 cells
Authors: Riksen Elisabeth A. , Stunes Astrid K. , Kalvik Anne , Gustafsson Björn I. , Snead Malcolm L. , Syversen Unni , Lyngstadaas Ståle P. , Reseland Janne E. 
Published: September 2010

Riksen EA, Stunes AK, Kalvik A, Gustafsson BI, Snead ML, Syversen U, Lyngstadaas SP, Reseland JE. Serotonin and fluoxetine receptors are expressed in enamel organs and LS8 cells and modulate gene expression in LS8 cells. Eur J Oral Sci 2010; 118: 566–573. © 2010 Eur J Oral Sci The selective serotonin re‐uptake inhibitor (SSRI) fluoxetine is widely used in the treatment of depression in children and fertile women, but its effect on developing tissues has been sparsely investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate if enamel organs and ameloblast‐derived cells express serotonin receptors that are affected by peripherally circulating serotonin or fluoxetine. Using RT‐PCR and western blot analysis we found that enamel organs from 3‐d‐old mice and ameloblast‐like cells (LS8 cells) express functional serotonin receptors, the rate‐limiting enzyme in serotonin synthesis (Thp1), as well as the serotonin transporter (5HTT), indicating that enamel organs and ameloblasts are able to respond to serotonin and regulate serotonin availability. Fluoxetine and serotonin enhanced the alkaline phosphatase activity in the cell culture medium from cultured LS8 cells, whereas the expression of enamelin (Enam), amelogenin (Amel), and matrix metalloproteinase‐20 (MMP‐20) were all significantly down‐regulated. The secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP‐1), and interferon‐inducible protein 10 (IP‐10) was also reduced compared with controls. In conclusion, enamel organs and ameloblast‐like cells express functional serotonin receptors. Reduced transcription of enamel proteins and secretion of vascular factors may indicate possible adverse effects of fluoxetine on amelogenesis.
Human and bovine enamel erosion under ‘single‐drink’ conditions
Authors: White Andrew J. , Yorath Celyn , Ten Hengel Valerie , Leary Sam D. , Huysmans Marie‐Charlotte D. N. J. M. , Barbour Michele E. 
Published: September 2010

White AJ, Yorath C, ten Hengel V, Leary SD, Huysmans M‐CDNJM, Barbour ME. Human and bovine enamel erosion under ‘single‐drink’ conditions. Eur J Oral Sci 2010; 118: 604–609. © 2010 Eur J Oral Sci Tooth‐surface pH is lowered, during drinking, to a value close to the pH of the drink itself. After the drink is swallowed, the pH rises to baseline values but this process can take several minutes. Few techniques can quantify enamel erosion at timescales representative of single drinks. The objective of this study was to compare human and bovine erosion over acid‐exposure times of 2 s to 1 h. Human and bovine enamel softening was compared in vitro using nanoindentation (2–60 s of exposure to acid) and tissue loss was compared using optical profilometry (1–60 min of exposure to acid). Nanoindentation revealed statistically significant softening after 2 s (human) and 5 s (bovine); there were no significant differences in hardness reduction for the two tissues at any time‐point. Profilometry demonstrated statistically significant tissue loss after 20 min (human) and 10 min (bovine); bovine tissue loss progressed 30% faster than human tissue loss. These results support the use of bovine enamel as a substitute for human enamel in erosion studies, with the understanding that for moderate exposure times bovine enamel erodes 30% faster than human enamel. Nanoindentation can be used to detect enamel dissolution at timescales comparable to the oral dwell‐time of a single ‘mouthful’ of a beverage.
Neonatal sublingual traumatic ulceration – case report & review of the literature
Authors: Padmanabhan Makkada Yuvaraj , Pandey Ramesh Kumar , Aparna Radharishnan , Radhakrishnan Valiyatharavath 
Published: September 2010

Abstract – Traumatic ulceration of the ventral surface of the tongue is a rare condition observed in neonates with natal or neonatal teeth. These lesions are initiated and exacerbated by the continuous contact between the tongue and natal/neonatal teeth during physiologic activities such as suckling and swallowing, which in turn may interfere with proper feeding, putting the neonate at risk for nutritional deficiencies. Sublingual traumatic ulcers may also be the presenting sign of an underlying developmental or neurologic disorder. This case report details the management of a sublingual traumatic ulcer in a 20‐day‐old infant, along with a review of the treatment modalities available for management of this condition, especially in neonates.
Quality of life evaluation in wounds: validation of the Freiburg Life Quality Assessment‐wound module, a disease‐specific instrument*
Authors: Augustin Matthias , Herberger Katharina , Rustenbach Stephan J , Schäfer Ines , Zschocke Ina , Blome Christine 
Published: September 2010

Many patients with chronic wounds suffer not only directly from their wounds but also from high financial, social and psychological impairments, significantly reducing their quality of life. In order to provide an instrument both applicable to different patient populations and sensitive to areas of impact specific to certain skin diseases, the modular instrument ‘Freiburg Life Quality Assessment' has been developed. Each disease‐specific version of the instrument consists of a core module of generic items and items specific for a distinct skin disease.Objective of the study was to assess reliability, sensitivity to change, and validity of the module for chronic ulcers.The instrument was implemented in a longitudinal observational study on vacuum‐seal therapy (n = 175), in a cross‐sectional observational study involving patients with chronic leg ulcers (n = 384) and in a randomised clinical trial on keratinocyte transplantation (n = 198).The instrument showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha ≥0·85). There were minor floor effects ≤4·3%, but no ceiling effects. Retest‐reliability and convergent validity with the EuroQol quality of life questionnaire (EQ‐5D) (visual analogue scale) were satisfactory. Change scores correlated with change in other quality‐of‐life instruments (r = 0·59–0·61), but not with change in wound status.
Multiple myeloma presenting as eosinophilic pleural effusion
Authors: MEHTA Asmita A , VENKATAKRISHNAN Rajesh , JOSE Wesley , PALANIAPPAN Muthu , PAVITHRAN Keechilat 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAn elderly man, with no comorbidity, presented with rapidly accumulating left pleural effusion. He also had generalized adenopathy. Pleural fluid cytology showed exudative pleural effusion with eosinophilia. Supraclavicular lymph node biopsy was reported as amyloid. On further investigation he was found to have kappa‐light chain multiple myeloma. The final diagnosis was eosinophilic pleural effusion in a patient with multiple myeloma.
The spatial distribution of star formation in the solar neighbourhood: do all stars form in dense clusters?
Authors: Bressert E. , Bastian N. , Gutermuth R. , Megeath S. T. , Allen L. , Evans Neal J. , Rebull L. M. , Hatchell J. , Johnstone D. , Bourke T. L. , Cieza L. A. , Harvey P. M. , Merin B. , Ray T. P. , Tothill N. F. H. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
We present a global study of low-mass, young stellar object (YSO) surface densities (Σ) in nearby (&lt;500 pc) star-forming regions based on a comprehensive collection of Spitzer Space Telescope surveys. We show that the distribution of YSO surface densities in the solar neighbourhood is a smooth distribution, being adequately described by a lognormal function from a few to 103 YSOs pc−2, with a peak at ∼22 stars pc−2 and a dispersion of . We do not find evidence for multiple discrete modes of star formation (e.g. clustered and distributed). Comparing the observed surface density distribution to previously reported surface density threshold definitions of clusters, we find that the fraction of stars in clusters is crucially dependent on the adopted definitions, ranging from 40 to 90 per cent. However, we find that only a low fraction (&lt;26 per cent) of stars are formed in dense environments where their formation/evolution (along with their circumstellar discs and/or planets) may be affected by the close proximity of their low-mass neighbours.
Implementing Public Health Regulations in Developing Countries: Lessons from the OECD Countries
Authors: Mok Emily A. , Gostin Lawrence O. , Gupta Monica Das , Levin Max 
Published: September 2010

Public health agencies undertake a broad range of health promotion and injury and disease prevention activities in collaboration with an array of actors, such as the community, businesses, and non-profit organizations. These activities are “multisectoral” in nature and centered on public health agencies that oversee and engage with the other actors. Public health agencies can influence the hazardous activities in the private sector in a variety of ways, “ranging from prohibition and regulation to volunteerism, and from cooperation to cooption.” Hence, a public health agency that possesses the necessary administrative resources and authority is vital to the effective implementation of health policies and regulations.In the developing world, however, many state health agencies lack these basic capacities in dealing with critical health threats, including their ability to avert epidemics of communicable diseases arising from poor sanitary conditions. A serious constraint is the shortage of public health funding for health agencies in the developing world for typical agency functions (e.g., surveillance, monitoring, assessment, and intervention). This is often aggravated by the transaction-intensive demands entailed in enforcing regulations among an array of private and public sector actors including individuals, businesses, and local bodies responsible for providing civic services.
Addressing Global Health Governance Challenges through a New Mechanism: The Proposal for a Committee C of the World Health Assembly
Authors: Kickbusch Ilona , Hein Wolfgang , Silberschmidt Gaudenz 
Published: September 2010

In January 2010 the Director General of the World Health Organization (WHO) called for an “informal consultation on the future of financing for WHO” and in her opening remarks expressed the need to make the WHO fit for purpose given the unique health challenges of the 21st century.Margaret Chan referred to the constitutional role that WHO has to “act as the directing and co-ordinating authority on international health work” and stated clearly that global health leadership today and for the future must be earned through strategic and selective engagement. She said, “WHO can no longer aim to direct and coordinate all of the activities and policies in multiple sectors that influence public health today.” This is a clear challenge that she has put to the global health community in recognition that WHO’s role must be clarified in the face of major change.
Examining the Global Health Arena: Strengths and Weaknesses of a Convention Approach to Global Health Challenges
Authors: Haffeld Just Balstad , Siem Harald , Røttingen John-Arne 
Published: September 2010

Global health is a concept which in recent years has evoked a lot of interest from both academics, politicians, celebrities, and the media. The term “global health” implies a globally shared responsibility to provide health as a public good through an expansive number of initiatives. This emerging era of consciousness about our international interdependence, regardless of a problem’s geographic location or type of disease, may be a good moment for exploring the strengths and weaknesses of an international law approach to global health challenges: a global health convention.The most prominent global health initiatives are the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), the 2005 Paris Declaration Process on Aid Effectiveness on the need for alignment and coordination (PDP), and the 2008 Accra High Level Forum on Aid Effectiveness (AHLF). These instruments have yet to prove their value, and the funds annually disbursed, approximately $25 billion in 2009, could have better effect if the negotiated principles from the PDP and the AHLF were followed.
Currents in Contemporary Ethics
Authors: Clayton Ellen Wright 
Published: September 2010

Parents, providers, policy makers, and the public need to talk about the implications of advances in genomic technologies for state run newborn metabolic screening programs. Technologies, such as highly multiplex testing and whole genome sequencing, are raising old issues with new urgency and are posing new challenges that threaten to overwhelm newborn screening programs.Newborn screening programs in their current form were born in the late 1960s. Robert Guthrie developed a screening test for phenylketonuria (PKU) that could be performed on blood spots collected on filter cards that Guthrie also developed. States rapidly established newborn screening programs, which were almost always mandatory, in response to advocacy by geneticists and parents. Although the programs initially varied in form and experienced significant pushback from the medical community, by the early 1970s, all states had established programs with centralized laboratories, and the medical community had come on board.