bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between hospital work environment and nurse outcomes in Guangdong, China: a nurse questionnaire survey
Authors: Liu Ke , You Li‐Ming , Chen Shao‐Xian , Hao Yuan‐Tao , Zhu Xiao‐Wen , Zhang Li‐Feng , Aiken Linda H 
Published: March 2012

Aims and objectives.  This study examines the relationship between hospital work environments and job satisfaction, job‐related burnout and intention to leave among nurses in Guangdong province, China.Background.  The nursing shortage is an urgent global problem and also of concern in China. Studies in Western countries have shown that better work environments are associated with higher nurse satisfaction and lower burnout, thereby improving retention and lowering turnover rates. However, there is little research on the relationship between nurse work environments and nurse outcomes in China.Design.  This is a cross‐sectional study. Survey data were collected from 1104 bedside nurses in 89 medical, surgical and intensive care units in 21 hospitals across the Guangdong province in China.Methods.  Stratified convenience sampling was used to select hospitals, and systematic sampling was used to select units. All staff nurses working on participating units were surveyed. The China Hospital Nurse Survey, including the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index and Maslach Burnout Inventory, was employed to collect data from nurses. Statistical significance level was set at 0·05.Results.  Thirty‐seven per cent of the nurses experienced high burnout, and 54% were dissatisfied with their jobs. Improving nurses’ work environments from poor to better was associated with a 50% decrease in job dissatisfaction and a 33% decrease in job‐related burnout among nurses.Conclusion.  Burnout and job dissatisfaction are high among hospital nurses in Guangdong province, China. Better work environments for nurses were associated with decreased job dissatisfaction and job‐related burnout, which may successfully address the nursing shortage in China.Relevance to clinical practice.  The findings of this study indicate that improving work environments is essential to deal with the nursing shortage; the findings provide motivation for nurse managers and policy makers to improve work environments of hospital nurses in China.
Behavioural determinants of salt consumption among hypertensive individuals
Authors: Cornélio M. E. , Gallani M.‐C. B. J. , Godin G. , Rodrigues R. C. M. , Nadruz W. , Mendez R. D. R. 
Published: March 2012

Cornélio M.E., Gallani M.‐C.B.J., Godin G., Rodrigues R.C.M., Nadruz Jr W. & Mendez R.D.R. (2012) Behavioural determinants of salt consumption among hypertensive individuals. J Hum Nutr Diet. 25, 334–344AbstractBackground:  High salt consumption among populations remains a challenge for health professionals dealing with prevention and control of hypertension. The present study aimed to identify the psychosocial predictors of salt consumption among hypertensive individuals, based on an extended version of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). Three salt consumption behaviours were studied: Behaviour 1– using <4 g of salt per day during cooking; Behaviour 2– avoiding adding salt/table salt use to the prepared foods; and Behaviour 3– avoiding the consumption of foods with high salt content.Methods:  At baseline (n = 108), TPB and additional variables (self‐efficacy, habit, past behaviour, hedonic determinant, self‐perceived diet quality) were measured. At 2‐month follow‐up (n = 95), the three behaviours were assessed. Behaviour and intention were sequentially regressed on the study variables, using polytomous logistic regression and hierarchical linear regression with rank transformation, respectively.Results:  Behaviour 1 was predicted by intention [odds ratio (OR) = 6.23; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.81–21.52], whereas self‐efficacy and habit predicted intention. Behaviour 2 exhibited high score mean and low variation and was predicted by self‐perceived diet quality (OR = 2.56; 95% CI = 1.03–6.36). Behaviour 3 was predicted by the hedonic determinant (OR = 1.42; 95% CI = 1.01–1.98).Conclusions:  The results indicate that salt‐related behaviours are explained by a variety of determinants. Among these determinants, special consideration should be given to motivational and hedonic aspects.
Residue depletion of decoquinate in chicken tissues after oral administration
Authors: WANG Z.‐Y. , CAI C.‐Y. , CHANG X.‐H. , FEI C.‐Z. , QIU M.‐Q. , JIANG S.‐X. , XUE F.‐Q. , ZHANG L.‐F. 
Published: March 2012

Wang, Z.‐Y., Cai, C.‐Y., Chang, X.‐H., Fei, C.‐Z., Qiu, M.‐Q., Jiang, S.‐X., Xue, F.‐Q., Zhang, L.‐F. Residue depletion of decoquinate in chicken tissues after oral administration. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 36, 116–121.A rapid, sensitive, and reliable high‐performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the analysis of decoquinate in chicken tissues. The compounds were extracted using acetonitrile by liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) and purified with an Oasis™ HLB solid‐phase extraction (SPE) cartridge. Chromatographic separation was performed on an XTerra C18 reversed‐phase column with a mobile phase of water containing 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile. The analyte was detected by tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry after positive electrospray ionization by multiple reaction monitoring. The detection and quantitation limits were 1 and 2.5 μg/kg, respectively. The recoveries of edible tissues ranged from 85.3% to 104.9%, with relative standard deviations (RSD) lower than 10.4%. The depletion profile of decoquinate was studied in healthy chickens after oral administration of feed containing 27.2 mg/kg decoquinate for 10 consecutive days. The residue concentrations of decoquinate in chicken muscle and liver were detected using the developed method. The highest residue concentrations were attained 0.25 day post‐treatment, and decoquinate residues were still detected 5 days postmedication in the tissues examined. The developed method has been successfully applied to the depletion study of decoquinate in chicken tissues. The recommended withdrawal period with oral administration based on our research is 3 days.
YdiV: a dual function protein that targets FlhDC for ClpXP‐dependent degradation by promoting release of DNA‐bound FlhDC complex
Authors: Takaya Akiko , Erhardt Marc , Karata Kiyonobu , Winterberg Kelly , Yamamoto Tomoko , Hughes Kelly T. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryYdiV is an EAL‐like protein that acts as a post‐transcriptional, negative regulator of the flagellar master transcriptional activator complex, FlhD4C2, in Salmonella enterica to couple flagellar gene expression to nutrient availability. Mutants defective in ClpXP protease no longer exhibit YdiV‐dependent inhibition of FlhD4C2‐dependent transcription under moderate YdiV expression conditions. ClpXP protease degrades FlhD4C2, and this degradation is accelerated in the presence of YdiV. YdiV complexed with both free and DNA‐bound FlhD4C2; and stripped FlhD4C2 from DNA. A L22H substitution in FlhD was isolated as insensitive to YdiV inhibition. The FlhD L22H substitution prevented the interaction of YdiV with free FlhD4C2 and the ability of YdiV to release FlhD4C2 bound to DNA. These results demonstrate that YdiV prevents FlhD4C2‐dependent flagellar gene transcription and acts as a putative adaptor to target FlhD4C2 for ClpXP‐dependent proteolysis. Our results suggest that YdiV is an EAL‐like protein that has evolved from a dicyclic‐GMP phosphodiesterase into a dual‐function regulatory protein that connects flagellar gene expression to nutrient starvation.
Isolation and identification of new inner membrane‐associated proteins that localize to cell poles in Escherichia coli
Authors: Li Gang , Young Kevin D. 
Published: March 2012

SummarySeveral bacterial structures, processes and proteins are localized primarily to the poles of rod‐shaped cells. To better understand this cellular organization, we devised a new method for identifying proteins that localize to the poles of Escherichia coli. Pole‐derived membrane fragments were isolated by affinity capture of vesicles containing the chemotaxis protein, Tar; and for comparison, vesicles representing all parts of the cytoplasmic membrane were captured by expressing a Tar variant that was no longer pole‐specific. A combination of one‐dimensional SDS‐PAGE and semi‐quantitative mass spectrometry identified 31 proteins that were highly enriched in polar vesicles. Five were chemotaxis proteins known to be pole‐specific and another, Aer, was an aerotaxis protein that had not yet been localized to the pole. The behaviour of these internal controls validated the overall approach. GFP‐fused derivatives of four candidates (Aer, YqjD, TnaA and GroES) formed polar foci that were distinct from inclusion bodies. TnaA–GFP and GroES–GFP were functional, formed a single focus per cell, and competed for polar localization with the wild‐type versions of these proteins. Polar localization of TnaA, GroES and YqjD was disrupted in cells lacking the MinCDE proteins, suggesting that this system may help localize proteins not involved in cell division.
Regulating the regulator: MicF RNA controls expression of the global regulator Lrp
Authors: Delihas Nicholas 
Published: March 2012

SummaryStudies on the regulatory RNA MicF in Enterobacteriaceae reveal a pivotal role in gene regulation. Multiple target gene mRNAs were identified and, importantly, MicF RNA regulates the expression of the global regulatory gene lrp (Holmqvist et al., 2012; Corcoran et al., 2012). Thus MicF RNA is a central factor in a regulatory network that regulates bacterial cell physiology.
Re‐evaluating the role of ascorbic acid and phenolic glycosides in ozone scavenging in the leaf apoplast of Arabidopsis thaliana L.
Authors: BOOKER FITZGERALD L. , BURKEY KENT O. , JONES ALAN M. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTPhenolic glycosides are effective reactive oxygen scavengers and peroxidase substrates, suggesting that compounds in addition to ascorbate may have functional importance in defence responses against ozone (O3), especially in the leaf apoplast. The apoplastic concentrations of ascorbic acid (AA) and phenolic glycosides in Arabidopsis thaliana L. Col‐0 wild‐type plants were determined following exposure to a range of O3 concentrations (5, 125 or 175 nL L−1) in controlled environment chambers. AA in leaf apoplast extracts was almost entirely oxidized in all treatments, suggesting that O3 scavenging by direct reactions with reduced AA was very limited. In regard to phenolics, O3 stimulated transcription of numerous phenylpropanoid pathway genes and increased the apoplastic concentration of sinapoyl malate. However, modelling of O3 scavenging in the apoplast indicated that sinapoyl malate concentrations were too low to be effective protectants. Furthermore, null mutants for sinapoyl esters (fah1‐7), kaempferol glycosides (tt4‐1) and the double mutant (tt4‐1/fah1‐7) were equally sensitive to chronic O3 as Ler‐0 wild‐type plants. These results indicate that current understanding of O3 defence schemes deserves reassessment as mechanisms other than direct scavenging of O3 by extracellular AA and antioxidant activity of some phenolics may predominate in some plant species.
The contact sensitizer diphenylcyclopropenone has adjuvant properties in mice and potential application in epicutaneous immunotherapy
Authors: von Moos S. , Johansen P. , Waeckerle‐Men Y. , Mohanan D. , Senti G. , Häffner A. , Kündig T. M. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundEpicutaneous vaccination has gained increasing interest during the past decade as it offers a safe, needle‐free, and patient‐friendly alternative to invasive vaccine administrations. Recently, the safety and early efficacy of epicutaneous immunotherapy were also demonstrated in patients with hay fever, as an alternative to conventional subcutaneous allergen‐specific immunotherapy (SCIT). One major challenge to epicutaneous vaccination is the barrier function of the stratum corneum, which must be overcome either by abrasive methods or by hydration. Such barrier function of the stratum corneum also hampers the use of common adjuvants used to enhance the efficacy of vaccination.MethodsIn a mouse model of allergy, we tested the adjuvant potential of diphenylcyclopropenone (DCP), a strong contact sensitizer, which is currently used for the treatment of a T cell‐mediated hair loss disease (alopezia areata).ResultsDiphenylcyclopropenone enhanced antigen‐specific IgG2a antibody responses as well as IL‐10 cytokine production after epicutaneous immunization with ovalbumin (OVA). Epicutaneous allergen‐specific immunotherapy (EPIT) with OVA and DCP also protected sensitized mice from anaphylaxis and asthma. The protective effect was more robust than that of conventional SCIT, which did not significantly alleviate the symptoms of allergy in the murine models of anaphylaxis and asthma.ConclusionsThis preclinical study confirmed previous clinical data that have demonstrated the potential of the skin as a target for allergen immunotherapy. The study also suggests that epicutaneous immunization or immunotherapy can be improved when an appropriate adjuvant such as DCP is used.
Atopic diseases by filaggrin mutations and birth year
Authors: Thyssen J. P. , Linneberg A. , Johansen J. D. , Carlsen B. C. , Zachariae C. , Meldgaard M. , Szecsi P. B. , Stender S. , Menné T. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of atopic disorders has increased in recent years. The pathogenesis is complex with genetic and environmental risk factors. Filaggrin loss‐of‐function mutations are common and associated with atopic disorders. We investigated whether the prevalence of filaggrin mutations increased in different birth cohorts in adults from the general population in Denmark.MethodsCross‐sectional questionnaire and filaggrin gene mutation (R501X and 2282del4) data from 3335 18‐ to 69‐year‐old adults were available for analyses.ResultsThe effect of filaggrin mutations on the prevalence of atopic diseases, albeit not statistically significant, depended mostly on birth year for atopic dermatitis (AD). A nonsignificant increase in the prevalence of filaggrin mutations was noted across birth year groups reporting AD, with 12.9% in adults born in 1936–1949 and 19.0% born in 1976–1988.ConclusionsIf confirmed in other populations, the observed increase suggests that mutation carriers have been more susceptible to environmental changes accentuating the rise in AD prevalence.
Neonatal size in term children is associated with asthma at age 7, but not with atopic dermatitis or allergic sensitization
Authors: Sevelsted A. , Bisgaard H. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundWe hypothesized that anthropometrics in the newborn is associated with development of asthma later in life.MethodsThe study included a prospective, longitudinal clinical study of a birth cohort of 411 Danish neonates born at term of mothers with a history of asthma. The primary endpoint was physician‐diagnosed asthma at age 7 years. Allergic sensitization and atopic dermatitis (AD) were also investigated.Infant size was measured at the research clinic on four occasions during the first year of life. Risk for asthma, AD, and allergic sensitization at age 6–7 were estimated from logistic regression. Time to first asthma and AD were investigated by Cox regression. Multivariate models were adjusted for gender, gestational age, and mothers smoking during pregnancy.ResultsNeonatal weight, length, body mass index and head circumference (z‐score) were all significantly associated with asthma at age 7. Adjusted odds ratio for asthma by estimated birth weight z‐score: 1.87 [1.23–2.84]; P = 0.004. Adjusted HR for onset of asthma by neonatal weight z‐score: 1.46 [1.08–1.96]; P = 0.013. Neonatal size did not associate with AD or allergic sensitization.ConclusionsIncreased neonatal size was significantly associated with asthma at age 7 but not AD or allergic sensitization in at‐risk children born at term. The findings suggest some common prenatal mechanisms linking body size and asthma.
How molecular diagnosis can change allergen‐specific immunotherapy prescription in a complex pollen area
Authors: Sastre J. , Landivar M. E. , Ruiz‐García M. , Andregnette‐Rosigno M. V. , Mahillo I. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe identification of disease‐eliciting allergens is a prerequisite for accurate prescription of allergen‐specific immunotherapy (SIT). The aim of this study was to determine whether molecular diagnosis (MD) may change indication and allergen prescription of SIT.MethodsA total of 141 patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and/or asthma sensitized to pollen with or without concomitant food allergy were included. Skin prick testing with a panel of aeroallergens and a microarray‐based panel of allergens (ISAC®; Phadia, Sweden) was performed in all patients. Prior to learning the results of molecular diagnosis, three of the authors reached a consensus on the indication of SIT and use of allergens following EAACI recommendations, basing their judgment on clinical history and skin prick test results before and after obtaining the ISAC results. The agreement coefficient (kappa index) was used to analyze the results.ResultsFifty‐nine percent of the patients were women with a mean age of 31 ± 13.63. Agreement in SIT indication before and after ISAC® results was found in only 62 (46%) patients (kappa = 0.1057 ± 0.0413). Concerning allergens used in the most common prescriptions before and after MD results, we obtained the following results: κ = 0.117 ± 0.0825 for grass; κ = 0.1624 ± 0.0639 for olive; κ = 0.0505 ± 0.0548 for olive and grass; κ = 0.1711 ± 0.0471 for grass and cypress; κ = 0.1897 ± 0.0493 for grass and London plane; κ = 1 ± 0.0842 for olive and cypress, and κ = 0.3586 ± 0.0798 for other combinations.ConclusionsThere was very low agreement concerning indication and use of allergens for SIT before and after performing MD. This discrepancy emphasizes the usefulness of MD, at least in areas of complex sensitization to pollen, in determining correct indication of SIT.
Parent–Offspring Conflict over the Transition to Independence in Nicrophorus vespilloides: Parental Chemical Cues and Offspring Begging
Authors: Leigh Deborah , Smiseth Per T. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn species where parents provide their offspring with food, the offspring must undergo a transition from nutritional dependency to independence. Parent–offspring conflict theory predicts that the optimal timing for this transition will differ between parents and offspring and that the realised timing depends on each party’s ability to control the transition. The burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides is an excellent species for studying conflict over the transition to independence; the larvae beg for pre‐digested carrion from their parents until they cease begging around 72 h after hatching. The cessation of begging is not associated with changes in parental behaviour, suggesting that the transition is mostly under offspring control. However, recent work has demonstrated that caring parents express distinct chemical cues that stimulate larval begging, the expression of which varies between breeding and non‐breeding beetles, suggesting that parents might exert control over the transition to independence by altering these cues throughout development. If so, we predict that begging larvae should behave differently towards parental chemical cues from different stages of development and that larvae of different ages should behave similarly towards parental chemical cues from the same stage of development. We found no evidence for either prediction: begging larvae did not behave differently towards parental chemical cues from different stages of development, and larvae of different ages still behaved differently towards parental chemical cues from the same stage of development. Our results provide no support for the hypothesis that parents can control the transition to nutritional independence by altering their chemical profiles.
Determinants of Pair‐Living in Red‐Tailed Sportive Lemurs (Lepilemur ruficaudatus)
Authors: Hilgartner Roland , Fichtel Claudia , Kappeler Peter M. , Zinner Dietmar 
Published: March 2012

AbstractPair‐living and a monogamous mating strategy are rare and theoretically unexpected among mammals. Nevertheless, about 10% of primate species exhibit such a social system, which is difficult to explain in the absence of paternal care. In this study, we investigated the two major hypotheses proposed to explain the evolution of monogamy in mammals, the female defence hypothesis (FDH) and the resource defence hypothesis (RDH), in red‐tailed sportive lemurs (Lepilemur ruficaudatus), a nocturnal primate from Madagascar. We analysed behavioural data from eight male–female pairs collected during a 24‐mo field study to illuminate the determinants of pair‐living in this species. Male and femaleL. ruficaudatuswere found to live in dispersed pairs, which are characterised by low cohesion and low encounter rates within a common home range. Social interactions between pair partners were mainly agonistic and characterised by a complete absence of affiliative interactions – body contact was only observed during mating. During the short annual mating season, males exhibited elevated levels of aggression towards mates, as well as extensive mate guarding and increased locomotor activity. In addition, males were exclusively responsible for the maintenance of proximity between pair partners during this period, and they defended their territories against neighbouring males but not against females. Together, these results point towards the importance of female defence in explaining pair‐living inL. ruficaudatus. We discuss the spatial and temporal distribution of receptive females in relation to the female defence strategies of males and suggest possible costs that prevent male red‐tailed sportive lemurs from defending more than one female.