bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells by Neutrophil Granulocytes: Diminished Proinflammatory Neutrophil Functions in the Presence of Apoptotic Cells
Authors: Esmann Lars , Idel Christian , Sarkar Arup , Hellberg Lars , Behnen Martina , Möller Sonja , van Zandbergen Ger , Klinger Matthias , Köhl Jörg , Bussmeyer Uta , Solbach Werner , Laskay Tamás 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Neutrophil granulocytes are rapidly recruited from the bloodstream to the site of acute inflammation where they die in large numbers. Because release of toxic substances from dead neutrophils can propagate the inflammatory response leading to tissue destruction, clearance of dying inflammatory neutrophils has a critical function in the resolution of the inflammatory response. Apoptotic neutrophils are phagocytosed primarily by macrophages, provided these cells are present in adequate numbers. However, macrophages are rare at sites of acute inflammation, whereas the number of neutrophils can be extremely high. In the current study, in vitro experiments with human neutrophils were carried out to investigate whether neutrophils can ingest apoptotic neutrophils. We show that naïve granulocytes isolated from venous blood have a limited capacity to phagocytose apoptotic cells. However, exposure to activating stimuli such as LPS, GM-CSF and/or IFN-γ results in enhanced phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. The efficient uptake of apoptotic cells by neutrophils was found to depend on the presence of heat labile serum factors. Importantly, the contact to or uptake of apoptotic cells inhibited neutrophil functions such as respiratory burst and the release of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and interferon-inducible protein-10. Contact to apoptotic cells, however, induced the secretion of IL-8 and growth-related oncogene-α, which was independent of NF-κB and p38 MAPK but involved C5a and the ERK1/2 pathway. The data suggest that activated neutrophils participate in the clearance of apoptotic cells. In addition, because apoptotic cells inhibit proinflammatory functions of neutrophils, uptake of apoptotic cells by neutrophils contributes to the resolution of inflammation.
Marginal Zone Precursor B Cells as Cellular Agents for Type I IFN–Promoted Antigen Transport in Autoimmunity
Authors: Wang, John H. , Li Jun , Wu Qi , Yang PingAr , Pawar Rahul D. , Xie Shutao , Timares Laura , Raman Chander , Chaplin David D. , Lu Lu , Mountz John D. , Hsu Hui-Chen 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
The pathogenic connection of type I IFN and its role in regulating the migration response of Ag delivery by B cells into lymphoid follicles in an autoimmune condition has not been well-identified. Here, we show that there was a significantly larger population of marginal zone precursor (MZ-P) B cells, defined as being IgMhiCD1dhiCD21hiCD23hi in the spleens of autoimmune BXD2 mice compared with B6 mice. MZ-P B cells were highly proliferative compared with marginal zone (MZ) and follicular (FO) B cells. The intrafollicular accumulation of MZ-P B cells in proximity to germinal centers (GCs) in BXD2 mice facilitated rapid Ag delivery to the GC area, whereas Ag-carrying MZ B cells, residing predominantly in the periphery, had a lower ability to carry Ag into the GCs. IFN-α, generated by plasmacytoid dendritic cells, induced the expression of CD69 and suppressed the sphingosine-1-phosphate-induced chemotactic response, promoting FO-oriented Ag transport by MZ-P B cells. Knockout of type I IFN receptor in BXD2 (BXD2-Ifnαr−/−) mice substantially diffused the intrafollicular MZ-P B cell conglomeration and shifted their location to the FO-MZ border near the marginal sinus, making Ag delivery to the FO interior less efficient. The development of spontaneous GCs was decreased in BXD2-Ifnαr−/− mice. Together, our results suggest that the MZ-P B cells are major Ag-delivery B cells and that the FO entry of these B cells is highly regulated by type I IFN–producing plasmacytoid dendritic cells in the marginal sinus in the spleens of autoimmune BXD2 mice.
MART-1–Specific Melanoma Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes Maintaining CD28 Expression Have Improved Survival and Expansion Capability Following Antigenic Restimulation In Vitro
Authors: Li Yufeng , Liu Shujuan , Hernandez Jessica , Vence Luis , Hwu Patrick , Radvanyi Laszlo 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
We determined how CD8+ melanoma tumor–infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) isolated from two distinct phases of expansion in preparation for adoptive T cell therapy respond to melanoma Ag restimulation. We found that TILs isolated after the rapid expansion protocol (REP) phase, used to generate the final patient TIL infusion product, were hyporesponsive to restimulation with MART-1 peptide-pulsed dendritic cells, with many CD8+ T cells undergoing apoptosis. Telomere length was shorter post-REP, but of sufficient length to support further cell division. Phenotypic analysis revealed that cell-surface CD28 expression was significantly reduced in post-REP TILs, whereas CD27 levels remained unchanged. Tracking post-REP TIL proliferation by CFSE dilution, as well as sorting for CD8+CD28+ and CD8+CD28− post-REP subsets, revealed that the few CD28+ TILs remaining post-REP had superior survival capacity and proliferated after restimulation with MART-1 peptide. An analysis of different supportive cytokine mixtures during the REP found that a combination of IL-15 and IL-21 facilitated comparable expansion of CD8+ TILs as IL-2, but prevented the loss of CD28 expression with improved responsiveness to antigenic restimulation post-REP. These results suggest that current expansion protocols using IL-2 for melanoma adoptive T cell therapy yields largely CD8+ T cells unable to persist and divide in vivo following Ag contact. The few CD8+CD28+ T cells that remain may be the only CD8+ TILs that ultimately survive to repopulate the host and mediate long-term tumor control. A REP protocol using IL-15 and IL-21 may greatly increase the number of CD28+ TILs capable of long-term persistence.
Occupational immediate‐type asthma and rhinitis due to rhodium salts
Authors: Merget Rolf , Sander Ingrid , van Kampen Vera , Raulf‐Heimsoth Monika , Ulmer Hans‐Martin , Kulzer Rupprecht , Bruening Thomas 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackgroundWhereas platinum salts are well known occupational allergens, rhodium salts have not been identified as inhalative sensitizing substances.MethodsA 27‐year‐old atopic operator of an electroplating plant developed work‐related shortness of breath and runny nose with sneezing after exposure to rhodium salts. Quantitative skin prick tests (SPT) and bronchial challenge tests with a dosimeter protocol were performed with quadrupling doses of the sodium chloride salts of rhodium (Na3RhCl6) and platinum (Na2PtCl6).ResultsThe patient showed positive SPT reactions and positive bronchial immediate‐type reactions with rhodium and platinum salts. Sensitivity to rhodium salt was much higher than to platinum salt; the molar concentrations differed by a factor of 256 in SPT and a factor of 16 in bronchial challenges.ConclusionsRhodium salts should be considered as occupational immediate‐type allergens. Am. J. Ind. Med. 53:42–46. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Three stones for three seeds: natural occurrence of selective tool use by capuchins (Cebus libidinosus) based on an analysis of the weight of stones found at nutting sites
Authors: Ferreira Renata G. , Emidio Ricardo Almeida , Jerusalinsky Leandro 
Published: December 2009

AbstractCapuchins (Cebus libidinosus) occupy areas of Caatinga in northeast Brazil. They consume the nuts of several species of difficult‐to‐open fruits (two species of Palmae and one species of Euphorbiacea) and are reported to use stones as hammers to crack open the nuts. This article describes the weight of hammers found on anvils and presumably used for nut‐cracking by individuals in two groups of wild unprovisioned capuchin monkeys. Hammer weights ranged from less than 200 to over 3 kg. Based on a correlation between the type of broken nuts found at a site and the stones present on anvils, there was evidence that hammer weight differed according to nut size. These findings are consistent with experimental data recently published by Visalberghi et al. [Current Biology 19, 2009, DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2008.11.064] and indicate that capuchins are capable of choosing stones of appropriate weight to effectively use pounding tools in natural environments without interference from humans. Am. J. Primatol. 72:270–275, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Are howler monkey species ecologically equivalent? Trophic niche overlap in syntopicAlouatta guariba clamitansandAlouatta caraya
Authors: Agostini Ilaria , Holzmann Ingrid , Di Bitetti Mario S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAccording to the principle of competitive exclusion, niche differentiation allows the stable coexistence of closely related species. We analyzed dietary profile and diversity, and dietary overlap between syntopic brown howlers (BR;Alouatta guariba clamitans) and black and gold howlers (BLG;A. caraya) in the Atlantic Forest of NE Argentina, with the objective of evaluating the degree of trophic niche overlap and potential interspecific competition for food. During 12 months, we collected data on feeding behavior of two groups of each howler species using the scan sampling method, together with data on food availability. Both at the group‐ and species‐level, we analyzed feeding behavior in terms of monthly percentages of time spent feeding on each food type and specific food item, dietary diversity (Shannon indexH′), and we estimated dietary overlap using the percentage index and the Morisita–Horn index (CH). Across months, both howlers showed species‐specific preferences for certain food items, and BLG had a more diverse diet (mean±SE,H′=2.77±0.08) than BR (H′=2.39±0.09). However, diets of both species overlapped extensively (percentage index=45.64±2.97%;CH=0.6±0.05) and diets of conspecific groups did not overlap more than diets of groups of different species. Given their high degree of trophic overlap, syntopic BR and BLG meet one of the conditions necessary for interspecific food competition to occur. Although at present we lack direct evidence for interspecific competition in these howler species, we conclude that high levels of niche overlap may have an important role in maintaining the essentially parapatric distribution of howler species throughout the Neotropics. Am. J. Primatol. 72:173–186, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Patterns of systemic stress during the agricultural transition in prehistoric Japan
Authors: Temple Daniel H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis study documents and interprets systemic stress during the agricultural transition in prehistoric Japan using linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) defects and cribra orbitalia (CO) lesions. Middle to Final Jomon cultures (5000–2300 BP) from Honshu Island represent the foraging samples, while Yayoi cultures (2500–1700 BP) represent the early agricultural samples. Jomon foragers from eastern Japan had broad‐based, intensive economies. Jomon foragers from western Japan had a greater focus on seasonally available, nutritionally poor resources, while Yayoi people were descendents of migrants from the East Asian continent and introduced wet rice economies to Japan. This study tests the hypotheses that wet rice economies will be associated with a lower prevalence of teeth/individuals affected by LEH defects in western Japan, while few differences in the prevalence of teeth/individuals with LEH defects will be observed between eastern Jomon people and Yayoi farmers. It is further predicted that similar CO prevalence will be observed between Jomon and Yayoi people given environmental similarities. Significantly greater frequencies of teeth affected by LEH defects are observed among western Jomon compared to Yayoi people. The prevalence of teeth with LEH defects is slightly elevated among eastern Jomon foragers compared to Yayoi agriculturalists. Significant differences in CO prevalence are not observed. Systemic stress prevalence in western Japan likely declined following wet‐rice agriculture because this crop provided a predictable, renewable resource base. Systemic stress prevalence was similar between eastern Jomon and Yayoi people because both groups practiced intensive subsistence strategies. Similar CO prevalence reflects infectious diseases associated with living conditions. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Brief communication: Population variation in human maxillary premolar accessory ridges (MxPAR)
Authors: Burnett Scott E. , Hawkey Diane E. , Turner Christy G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this brief communication is to report the results of an analysis of maxillary premolar accessory ridges (MxPAR), a common but understudied accessory ridge that may occur both mesial and distal to the central ridge of the buccal cusp of upper premolars. We developed a new five‐grade scoring plaque to better categorize MxPAR variation. Subsequently, we conducted a population analysis of MxPAR frequency in 749 dental casts of South African Indian, American Chinese, Alaskan Eskimo, Tohono O'odham (Papago), Akimel O'odham (Pima), Solomon Islander, South African Bantu, and both American and South African Whites. Northeast Asian and Asian‐derived populations exhibited the highest MxPAR frequencies while Indo‐European samples (South African Indians, American and South African Whites) exhibited relatively low frequencies. The Solomon Islanders and South African Bantu samples exhibited intermediate frequencies. Our analysis indicates that statistically significant differences in MxPAR frequency exist between major geographic populations. As a result, the MxPAR plaque has now been added to the Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System, an important contribution as maxillary premolar traits are underrepresented in analyses of dental morphology. Am J Phys Anthropol 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hydrogen production by methanol‐steam reforming using NiMoCu/γ‐alumina trimetallic catalysts
Authors: Yaakob Z. , Kamarudin S. K. , Daud W. R. W. , Yosfiah M. R. , Lim K. L. , Kazemian H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractRecent attention has focused on steam reforming (SR) of methanol to produce high‐purity hydrogen for ‘clean’ energy applications. Methanol (as a hydrogen carrier) is a renewable and easily accessible energy source that can be produced from biomass and natural gas; the advantages are its availability, high energy density, relative low cost, and easy storage and transportation. In the hydrogen production processes, catalysts play a very critical role for increasing the hydrogen yield and purity as well as reducing by‐products. In this study, the thermodynamic parameters of the methanol‐SR reaction were evaluated. Several NiMoCu/γ‐alumina trimetallic catalysts with different compositions were prepared by a wet impregnation method. The hydrogen production efficiency of the catalysts was evaluated for the methanol‐SR reaction. Thermodynamic studies of the reaction showed that methanol‐SR was an exothermic and spontaneous reaction for all catalysts investigated. Thermodynamic considerations revealed that a catalyst with a composition of 7 wt% Cu, 0.2 wt% Mo and 0.2 wt% Ni was the most reactive catalyst with an enthalpy of − 663.102 kcal. Experimental results showed that the optimum reaction occurred at 548 K and pressure of 3 bar. At these conditions, the production of undesirable by‐products such as CO and CO2 was negligible. Copyright © 2009 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kinetics of water and alcohol vapors adsorption on natural zeolite
Authors: Ivanova Emilia P. , Kostova Miryana A. , Koumanova Bogdana K. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAlcohols are important high volatility industrial chemicals, and when present in low concentrations require highly selective separation techniques. This paper investigates the kinetics of the adsorption of water, methanol, and butanol vapors on natural clinoptilolite based on experimental data obtained from laboratory‐scale equipment under constant saturated vapor pressure conditions at ambient temperature. In order to determine the corresponding mass transfer and diffusion coefficients of the adsorbed components in the zeolite particles, the kinetic curves have been investigated using two simple models—the linear driving force model (LDFM) as well as the particle diffusion model. The equilibrium and the kinetic parameters can also be determined from the experimental values of the statistical moments of the kinetic curves. Two main results have been obtained from this study. At the experimental conditions, the overall rates of adsorption of both methanol and water vapors are nearly equal, and they are of the same order of magnitude to the macro‐(meso)‐pore and intracrystalline diffusion rates predicted for the biporous clinoptilolite structure. In contrast, the diffusion of butanol vapors is much slower in the zeolite particles and particle crystals, where the intracrystalline mass transfer resistance plays a dominant role, even for the largest particles studied. The simple LDFM predictions exhibit very good correlation to the experimental data for all adsorptive components and particle sizes, despite the biporous zeolite structure. This model can be used to provide an acceptable and quick interpretation of adsorption rate curves, even at nonlinear equilibrium conditions. Copyright © 2009 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tailoring the swelling and glass‐transition temperature of acrylonitrile/hydroxyethyl acrylate copolymers
Authors: Aran Bengi , Sankır Mehmet , Vargün Elif , Sankır Nurdan D. , Usanmaz Ali 
Published: December 2009

AbstractNovel polyacrylonitrile (PAN)‐co‐poly(hydroxyethyl acrylate) (PHEA) copolymers at three different compositions (8, 12, and 16 mol % PHEA) and their homopolymers were synthesized systematically by emulsion polymerization. Their chemical structures and compositions were elucidated by Fourier transform infrared, 1H‐NMR, and 13C‐NMR spectroscopy. Intrinsic viscosity measurements revealed that the molecular weights of the copolymers were quite enough to form ductile films. The influence of the molar fraction of hydroxyethyl acrylate on the glass‐transition temperature (Tg) and mechanical properties was demonstrated by differential scanning calorimetry and tensile test results, respectively. Additionally, thermogravimetric analysis of copolymers was performed to investigate the degradation mechanism. The swelling behaviors and densities of the free‐standing copolymer films were also evaluated. This study showed that one can tailor the hydrogel properties, mechanical properties, and Tg's of copolymers by changing the monomer feed ratios. On the basis of our findings, PAN‐co‐PHEA copolymer films could be useful for various biomaterial applications requiring good mechanical properties, such as ophthalmic and tissue engineering and also drug and hormone delivery. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Crosslinked methyl methacrylate/ethylene glycol dimethacrylate polymer compounds with a macroazoinitiator
Authors: Naghash Hamid Javaherian , Massah Ahmad Reza , Kalbasi Roozbeh Javad , Arman Masoud 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA silane‐containing diamine, bis(p‐aminophenoxy) diphenylsilane (BADPS), was prepared by the condensation of p‐aminophenol with dichlorodiphenyl silane in the presence of triethylamine. Then, BADPS was condensed with 4,4‐azobis(4‐cyanopentanoyl chloride) to prepare macroazoinitiators containing silane units (Si–MAIs). A series of poly(methyl methacrylate) gels containing silane were derived by the solution free‐radical crosslinking copolymerization of methyl methacrylate and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate monomers initiated by these macroazoinitiators at a total monomer concentration of 6 mol/L and 80°C. Si–MAIs were characterized with 1H‐NMR and 13C‐NMR spectroscopy, and the structural characteristics of the gels were also examined. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
On polyethylene chain generation through chemical crosslinking of isotactic polypropylene
Authors: Bouhelal Saïd , Cagiao M. Esperanza , Bartolotta Antonio , Di Marco Gaetano , Garrido Leoncio , Benachour Djafer , Baltá Calleja Francisco J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractCrosslinked isotactic polypropylene (iPP) was prepared by reactive blending using dicumyl peroxide and active sulfur. The modified material was characterized by means of several techniques: dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance (13C solid state NMR). Analysis of results using the above techniques confirms that, during the crosslinking process, new ethylenic chains are generated at expenses of the initially present iPP. Furthermore, a balance between the amount of missing iPP and the proportion of newly created polyethylene (PE) is observed. The newly formed PE is semicrystalline, having a degree of crystallinity of about 30%. The amorphous component of the generated PE is thought to contribute to the high impact strength of the crosslinked samples when compared to the unmodified iPP. In light of the results obtained by the different techniques, an attempt to describe the emerging structure of the new crosslinked iPP material is proposed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Aggregation behavior of a water‐soluble terpolymer with vinyl biphenyl characterized by a fluorescent probe
Authors: Zhong Chuanrong , Luo Pingya , Meng Xianghao 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA terpolymer (PAAP) of acrylamide, sodium 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropane sulfonate, and vinyl biphenyl as a hydrophobic monomer was synthesized to obtain a polymeric oil‐flooding agent with low molecular weight and application in oil reservoirs with medium to low permeability. The intermolecular self‐assembling mechanisms in the PAAP solutions were investigated with a pyrene fluorescence probe as functions of the polymer concentration, surfactant, and temperature. The hydrophobically associating morphologies of PAAP in an unsalted solution were observed with scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the high solution viscosity of PAAP was due to the strong intermolecular hydrophobic associations of the biphenyl groups, and the critical association concentration was 0.05 g/dL for the unsalted and brine PAAP solutions. The nonpolarity and association degree in the hydrophobic microdomains were greatly influenced by the polymer concentration. With the addition of the optimum sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate concentration, the interpolymer hydrophobic associations were strengthened remarkably via the connection of the surfactant with biphenyl groups from different polymer chains. The number and sizes of the aggregates increased in the range of 20–50°C. These results demonstrate that the thickening effect of the PAAP polymer in the aqueous solution was due to intermolecular associations of the biphenyl groups. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Vapor‐induced swelling of supported methacrylic and siloxane polymer films: Determination of interaction parameters
Authors: Manoli Kyriaki , Goustouridis Dimitris , Raptis Ioannis , Valamontes Evangelos , Sanopoulou Merope 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWhite light reflectance spectroscopy is applied to monitor vapor‐induced thickness changes of polymer films, supported on suitable silicon substrates. Assuming unidirectional swelling due to the constraining support, the equilibrium volume swelling of four methacrylic polymers and two siloxane‐based copolymers upon exposure to various activities of water, methanol, ethanol, and ethyl acetate vapor, at 30°C is evaluated. The deduced sorption isotherms were fitted to the Flory‐Huggins equation and interaction parameters, as well as solubility coefficients at infinite solute dilution, were deduced for each binary system. The relative sorption capacity of the different classes of polymers toward the four vapors are in line with the expected solubility interactions between solvent and solute. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010