bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In situ infrared investigation of alkylation reaction of dianionic triruthenium ketenylidene cluster on magnesium oxide with methyl iodide
Authors: Xiao Feng‐Shou 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe reation between [Ru3(CO)9(CCO)]2− supported on magnesium oxide and alkylating agent CH3I was investigated in an attempt to understand its reactivity and mechanism by using FT‐IR technique. The IR spectra show that [Ru3(CO)9(CCO)]2−/MgO reacts with CH3I to produce [Ru3(CO)9CC(O)CH3]−/MgO, which exhibits bands at 2960, 2022, 1988, 1638, 1460 and 1350 cm−1. The absorption at 2960, 1460 and 1350 cm−1 are attributed to ‐CH3 group, while bands at 2022, 1988 and 1952 cm−1 are assigned to the terminal CO groups attached to ruthenium. The band at 1638 cm−1 was assigned to acyl carbonyl. Isotopes labeled compounds CD3I, 13CO and [Ru3(CO)9(*C*CO)]2− were used in investigation. The results demonstrate that β‐carbon of CCO ligand is attacked by CH+3 species and produces [Ru3(CO)9CC(O)CH3]−/MgO.
Kinetics and mechanism of mercuration of N‐(substituted benzylidene)‐4‐toluidines
Authors: Wu Yang‐Jie , Ding Kui‐Ling , Kong Ya‐Li , Yu Zheng‐Yan 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn order to investigate the mechanism of mercuration reaction of substituted benzylideneanilines, kinetic measurements of these reactions at different temperatures (40–60° C) in methanol‐1,4‐dioxane (1/1, V/V) were carried out and Hammett ρ value for C‐phenyl substituents of −0.61 for the N‐(substituted benzylidene)‐4‐toluidine series was obtained. Thermodynamic parameters E3 ΔS# were obtained for the reaction of different N‐(substituted benzylidene)‐4‐toluidines. It was found that this ortho‐mercuration was brought about by an internal cyclometallation process involving the imino‐moiety.
Structure of a new sterol from the South China sponge Dysidea fragilis
Authors: Zhong Yong‐Li , Su Jing‐Yu , Zeng Long‐Mei , Shen Wei , Wang Qi‐Wen 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA new sterol, 5α‐cholesta‐8(14),24(25)‐diene‐3β, 6α‐diol (1) and a known sterol (24Z)‐24‐ethyl‐cholesta‐7(8),24(28)‐diene‐3β,5α,6β‐triol (2) have been isolated from the South China Sea sponge Dysidea fragilis. The structure and relative stereochemistry of 1 were established by spectral analysis, including 2D NMR experiments.
The electrooxidation behavior of bilirubin in DMF and DMF + H2O mixed solvent
Authors: Niu Jian‐Jun , Cheng Guang‐Jin , Dong Shao‐Jun 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe electrooxidation of Bilirubin (BR) in N, N′‐dimethylformamide (DMF) and DMF + H2O mixed solvent is investigated by voltammetry techniques, in situ rapid scan thin layer spectroelectrochemistry and in situ ESR spectroscopy. The data reveal that the oxidation process of BR undergoes many stages, which are all sped up by the introduction of water. The species of bilirubin taking part in the reaction is found to be changed from BR in DMF into BR' in the mixed solvents and the anodic peak potential is shifted correspondingly from +0.58 V to +0.026−+0.35 V (vs. Ag/AgCl, 1.0 M KCl). Free radicals and the dimerization of them are observed during the oxidation.
Studies on extraction of In(III) with 8‐hydroxyquinoline
Authors: Song Kui‐Yuan , Yang Jia‐Zhen , Liu Xing‐Zhi , Li Hong 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe equilibrium molalities of In3+ in extraction reaction: In3+(aq)+3HOx(org) = In(Ox)3(org) + 3H+(aq) were measured at ionic strengths from 0.13 to 2.54 mol·kg−1 in the aqueous phase containing Na2SO4 as the supporting electrolyte and at constant initial molality of extractant, HOx, in the organic phase at temperatures from 278.15 to 308.15 K, where HOx and Ox mean 8‐hydroxy‐quinoline and its anion, respectively. The standard extraction constants K at various temperatures were obtained by two methods proposed in our previous paper.
Frequency characteristic of series piezoelectric sensor and application to the determination of water in organic solvents
Authors: Shen Da‐Zhong , Zhu Wen‐Hong , Nie Li‐Hua , Yao Shou‐Zhou 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTheoretical consideration was proposed for the frequency response of a series piezoelectric sensor to the properties of liquid and verified experimentally. This kind of sensor has sensitive and selective frequency response to the permittivity and specific conductivity of solution with excellent stability, and was applied to the determination of micro‐content of water in organic solvents. The detection limit is 0.01 g/L in dioxane.
Thermodynamics of mixture of boric acid with lithium borate and chloride
Authors: Wang Dong‐Bao , Song Peng‐Sheng , Yang Jia‐Zhen 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe first thermodynamic dissociation constants of boric acid in aqueous solution of lithium chloride with borate at five different temperatures from 278.15 to 318.15 K were evaluated from ernf values of the cell without liquid junction potential with the improved extrapolation and polynomial approximation on the basis of Pitzer's theory. Values obtained from both methods are in good agreement with each other. Pitzer's parameters β(0) and β(1) of LiB(OH)4 and other thermodynamic quantities of dissociation process of boric acid are obtained. Results have been discussed.
Overwhelming decomposition of 4‐bromo‐4′‐cyanomethylbiphenylyl radical anion without electron transfer to 4,4′‐dibromobiphenyl
Authors: Wu Guo‐Sheng , Liu An , Hu Jun , Zeng Fan‐Wen , Wu Bi‐Qi 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDibromobiphenyl reacted with cynomethyl anion in ammonia under irradiation to form nucleophilic bis‐substituted product in high yield without substantial monosubstituted product. Quantum yields far the formations of bis‐ and monosubstituted products were found to be 85.6 and 2.3×10−5 respectively while the corresponding pseudo‐first‐order rates were 6.9×10−3 and 5.2×10−10 mol·L−1·S−1. Block up the possible electron transfer of 4‐brome‐4′‐cyanomethyl‐biphenylyl radical anion to 4‐cyanomethyl‐biphenylyl radical and bromine ion.
Study on the stannous halides promoted addition of 1,1,1‐trichloro‐2,2,2‐trifluoroethane to aldehydes and the chemical transformation thereof
Authors: Hu Chang‐Ming , Chen Jian 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPromoted by stannous salts, 1,1,1‐trichloro‐2,2,2‐trifluoroethane reacts readily with aliphatic, aromatic, and α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes giving the corresponding alcohols bearing a CF3CCl2‐moiety in good to excellent yields. These alcohols are further oxidized by Jones reagent giving the corresponding ketones in high yields.
The quantum chemistry study on the electronic properties of conductive polymers of polypyridinopyridine series
Authors: Xie De‐Min , Su Zhong‐Min , Shi Zhong‐Liang , Wang Rong‐Shun 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe molecular structures of thermally structurized polyacrylonitrile (PAN), that is, polypyridinopyridine (PPyPy) series have been investigated by using quantum chemistry semiempirical MNDO, CNDO/2‐CO methods. The changing regularities of structural stability and electronic properties are pointed out. The analyses of the energy band structures indicate that the energy gaps will become smaller, intrinsical conductivities will increase when the quasi‐one‐dimentional (1D) series of PPyPy molecule widen toward two‐dimention (2D), which is consistent with the experimental results of polymerization degree (PD) and electrical conductivity increase with the increasing of pyrolyzed temperature.
Quantum mechanical reaction dynamics in collisions of chlorine atom with hydrogen molecule
Authors: Zhao Meishan 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe report the accurate determinations of quantum mechanical state‐to‐state probabilities for reactions Cl + H2 → HC1 + H and H' + HC1 → H'Cl + H by the generalized Newton variational principle, on the most accurate available potential energy surface. We compare the results for three versions of realistic potential energy surfaces, and to those from hyperspherical close‐coupling calculations.
The solid state reactions of o‐aminobenzoic acid with Zn(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Mn(II) acetate hydrate at room temperature
Authors: Zheng Li‐Min , Fu Yan , Lin Jian‐Jun , Xin Xin‐Quan 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe solid‐solid state reactions of o‐aminobenzoic acid with Zn(OAc)2·2H2O, Cu(OAc)2·H2O, Ni(OAc)2·4H2O and Mn(OAc)2·4H2O result in the formation of corresponding complexes M(OAB)2 (M = Zn(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Mn(II)). XRD, IR and elemental analysis methods have been used to characterize the solid products. The activation energies of these reactions, which are calculated from the kinetic data obtained by means of the isothermal electrical conductivity measurement method, have been found to increase in the order: Cu(OAc)2·H2O(37.7 kJ‐mol−1)∼Mn(OAc)2·4H2O (39.7 kJ·mol−1) < Zn(OAc)2·2H2O (56.3 kJ·mol−1) < Ni(OAc)2·4H2O (85.2 kJ·mol−1). The trend is related to their crystal structures.
Activation of the phosphoinositide‐3‐kinase and mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathways are associated with shortened survival in patients with malignant peritoneal mesothelioma
Authors: Varghese Sheelu , Chen Zhaorong , Bartlett David L. , Pingpank James F. , Libutti Steven K. , Steinberg Seth M. , Wunderlich John , Alexander H. Richard 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare malignancy of the serosal membranes of the abdominal cavity. This cancer is ultimately fatal in almost all afflicted individuals; however, there is marked variability in its clinical behavior: Some patients die rapidly, and others survive for many years. In the current study, the authors investigated the molecular nature of MPM to obtain insights into the heterogeneity of its clinical behavior and to identify new therapeutic targets for intervention.METHODS:Fresh pretreatment tumor samples were collected from 41 patients with MPM who underwent surgical cytoreduction and received regional intraoperative chemotherapy perfusion. From those samples, gene expression analyses were performed. The major cellular pathways that were identified in this cancer were inhibited using a pathway‐specific inhibitor.RESULTS:Unsupervised clustering of genes identified 2 distinct groups of patients with significantly different survivals (Group A: median survival, 24 months; Group B: median survival, 69.5 months;P= .035). Phosphoinositide‐3‐kinase (PI3K) and the closely interacting mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways were overexpressed predominantly in the poor survival group; and the genes of these pathways, phosphoinositide‐3‐kinase, catalytic, α polypeptide (PIK3CA) and rapamycin‐insensitive companion of mammalian target of rapamycin (RICTOR), were highly significantly predictive of shortened patient survival in Group A. The role of these pathways in MPM tumor progression was also investigated by treating 2 MPM cell lines with BEZ235, a dual‐class PI3K and mTOR inhibitor, and the authors observed significant inhibition of downstream cell signaling and cell proliferation.CONCLUSIONS:Taken together, the results from this study revealed that, based on gene expression profiles, there were 2 distinct patient groups with significantly different survival and that targeting the PI3K and mTOR signaling pathways may have significant therapeutic value in patients with MPM. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Field‐Controlled Luttinger Liquid and Possible Crossover into Spin Liquid in Strong‐Rail Ladder Systems
Authors: Ding Lin‐Jie , Yao Kai‐Lun , Fu Hua‐Hua 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe thermodynamics and transport properties of strong‐rail ladder systems are investigated by means of Green’s function theory. It is shown that the magnetic behavior clearly manifests a typical antiferromagnetism with gapped or gapless low‐lying excitations, which is in agreement with the experimental results. In addition, the temperature‐field‐induced phase diagram is explored, and we demonstrate a Luttinger liquid behavior in the window hc (marking the ending of the M=0 plateau)<h<hs (saturation magnetic field) within a narrow range of temperature. The spin liquid phase is uncovered for h<hc upon cooling down to zero temperature. It is also shown that the rung entanglement entropy is a good indicator for detecting the field‐driven quantum criticality. Meanwhile, the magnetic susceptibility, the specific heat, and the thermal (spin) Drude weights are calculated to characterize the plentiful quantum phases, in which the thermal insulating and conducting behaviors can be controlled by magnetic fields.
Endoscopic ultrasonography‐guided fine‐needle aspiration for diagnosing upper gastrointestinal submucosal lesions: A prospective study of 50 cases
Authors: Turhan Nesrin , Aydog Gulden , Ozin Yasemin , Cicek Bahattin , Kurt Mevlut , Oguz Dilek 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe objective was to assess EUS‐FNA for diagnosing intramural upper GI tract lesions.The subjects were 50 patients (21M/29F) with upper GI submucosal lesions who underwent EUS‐FNA at a referral center for GI system over a 12‐month period. All cases were followed for 1 year after initial EUS‐FNA. Cytologic diagnoses were categorized as benign, malignant, suspicious for malignancy, mesenchymal tumor, endocrine tumor, or nondiagnostic. All tumors were assessed for various cytomorphologic features. The accuracy of the initial FNA diagnoses was evaluated for each patient who also underwent subsequent histopathological examination of a core biopsy and/or surgical biopsy/resection material of the same lesion.According to the site of the lesions; while 84% of all esophageal lesions were diagnosed as mesenchymal; 67% of all gastric lesions were mesenchymal. The sole lesion was nonmesenchymal (benign cyst) in duodenum. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and accuracy of EUS‐FNA for diagnosing submucosal mesenchymal tumors of the upper GI tract were 82.9, 73.3, 87.9, 64.7, and 80%, respectively. The corresponding values for nonmesenchymal lesions were 100, 85.7, 80, 100, and 90.9%.Our experience confirms that EUS‐FNA is an extremely valuable tool for diagnosing submucosal lesions of the upper GI, and is particularly useful in cases where endoscopic forceps biopsy does not lead to diagnosis. Optimal results can be yielded by a close working relationship between the gastroenterologist and pathologist. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Review of nocturnal sleep‐related eating disorders
Authors: Schenck Carlos H. , Mahowald Mark W. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis review provides a historical background on sleep‐related eating disorders, summarizes findings from a series of 38 adults, and presents a current classification. The “night—eating syndrome” was first reported in 1955; only nine reports on this syndrome appeared during the next 36 years, seven being single‐case studies and two containing the objective monitoring of sleep, that is, polysomnography. In 1991 our sleep center reported on 19 cases, and in 1993 on 38 cases, diagnosed by polysomnography and clinical evaluations. Mean age was 39 years, mean duration of night—eating was 12 years, 66% were women, 68% had nightly binge eating, and 44% were overweight from night—eating. Sleepwalking was the predominant disorder responsible for night—eating; restless legs syndrome, obstructive sleep apnea, and various other conditions (including two cases of anorexia nervosa) were also identified. Cognitive‐behavioral therapies were ineffective, but pharmacotherapy was very effective in controlling night—eating and inducing loss of excess weight, and often consisted of a dopaminergic agent taken with codeine at bedtime. Thus, sleep‐related eating can be an occult but often treatable cause of obesity. Further research, utilizing polysomnography, is encouraged.
Factors associated with eating disorder symptoms in a community sample of 6th and 7th grade girls
Authors: Killen Joel D. , Hayward Chris , Wilson Darrell M. , Taylor C. Barr , Hammer Lawrence D. , Litt Iris , Simmonds Beverly , Haydel Farish 
Published: September 2010

AbstractNine hundred thirty‐nine 6th and 7th grade girls participated in the baseline phase of a prospective study designed to examine a set of potential risk factors for the development of eating disorders. Of the 939,839 girls (89%) completed the bulimia nervosa section of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐III‐R disorders. One girl received the diagnosis of bulimia nervosa, another 35 were classified as a symptomatic group. Using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), controlling for age and stage of sexual maturation, symptomatic and asymptomatic groups were compared on the following measures: Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI), BMI, triceps skinfold thickness, waist‐to‐hip ratio, depression symptoms (CES‐D and DSRS), Restraint Scale, and a measure of family adaptability and cohesion (FACES). Symptomatic girls were more developmentally mature, significantly heavier, reported greater fear of weight gain, experienced greater dysphoria, indicated increased body dissatisfaction, and reported greater feelings of inadequacy and personal worthlessness. Their status on these dimensions may indicate Potential vulnerability to eating disorders and, ultimately, suggest the choice of targets for intervention. Our future goal is to conduct the prospective analyses needed to confirm the hypothesized linkages.
Phthalimide Tricarbonylchromium Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, Nucleophilic Addition, and Unanticipated syn Adduct Formation upon Addition of Propynyllithium
Authors: Habib Osama Mahmoud Ali , Zhao‐Karger Zhirong , Abdelhamid Ismail Abdelshafy , Wartchow Rudolf , Butenschön Holger 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe complexation of phthalimide derivatives with hexacarbonylchromium in dibutyl ether/THF (10:1) afforded the corresponding tricarbonylchromium complexes, which were characterized spectroscopically. Subsequent nucleophilic addition with Grignard or organolithium reagents as well as with sodium tetrahydridoborate gave high yields of the corresponding anti adducts. However, in certain cases, addition of 1‐lithio‐1‐methoxyallene, 1‐propynyllithium, or ethenylmagnesium bromide, the unanticipated formation of the corresponding syn adducts was observed with the relative configuration of the propynyllithium adduct rac‐20 confirmed by a crystal structure analysis. The unusual stereochemistry is explained by the intermediacy of a highly resonance‐stabilized acyliminium ion formed from the original exo adduct. Finally, dehydration of the methyl adduct made available the exo‐methylene derivative rac‐37, bearing another fully sp2‐hybridized ligand system. This compound was also characterized by a crystal structure analysis.
A New Non‐Cross‐Linked Polystyrene Supported 2‐Phenylimino‐2‐oxazolidine Chiral Auxiliary: Synthesis and Application in Asymmetric Alkylation Reactions
Authors: Hu Fu‐Qiang , Xia De‐Xin , Lu Cui‐Fen , Chen Zu‐Xing , Yang Gui‐Chun 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe synthesis of novel non‐cross‐linked polystyrene supported 2‐phenylimino‐2‐oxazolidine is described, and its use as a chiral auxiliary in asymmetric alkylation reactions is demonstrated by the synthesis of several chiral amides (>96 % ee). Furthermore, recovery and recycling of the polymer‐supported chiral auxiliary were successfully achieved without appreciable reduction in the yield or stereoselectivity.
Treatment of unhairing effluents by activated sludge system
Authors: Mlaik Najwa , Gouider Mbarka , Bouzid Jalel , Belbahri Lassaad , Woodward Steve , Mechichi Tahar 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe unhairing step in leather manufacture generates a highly hazardous and alkaline wastewater. This article reports the evaluation of an activated sludge system for the treatment of unhairing wastewater and effluent detoxification, assessed by seed germination tests.The activated sludge system reactor was fed for 112 days with diluted unhairing effluent; the operation strategy included increasing the organic loading rate (OLR) from 0.7 to 1.6 g chemical oxygen demand (COD) L−1 d−1. COD and suspended solids (SS) removal efficiencies were up to 85 and 80%, respectively, for an OLR lower than 1.4 g COD L−1 d−1.Sulphide removal efficiency was ∼90%, as sulphide was oxidized to other species such as sulphate. The biological oxidation of thiosulphates into tetrathionates was also investigated.The effect of untreated and treated unhairing wastewater on seed germination of maize, sorghum, and wheat was examined. Treatment decreased the phytotoxicity of the wastewater. Indeed, germination was inhibited when effluent dilution was lower than 90% of untreated wastewater, whereas a positive effect of treated wastewater was noticed.Phytotoxicity assays showed that biological treatment of unhairing wastewater contributed to a decrease in toxicity of the effluent. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2011
The usage of air gap in the composite wall for energy saving and air pollution
Authors: Kurt Hüseyin 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn this study, the effects of air gap on the optimum insulation thickness, insulation, and total costs, energy saving, payback period, fuel consumption, and emissions of CO2 and SO2 in the composite wall construction have been investigated for a prototype building in a sample city, Karabuk. For this reason two wall constructions, one with and the other without air gap, have been considered and the air gap thickness has been taken from 0 to 6 cm. Based on LCC analysis, optimum insulation thickness is determined for different air gap thicknesses. The results show that when 2, 4, and 6 cm of the air gap thicknesses were used; the optimum insulation thickness, insulation cost, and payback period were decreased by 10.02, 20.03, and 30.07% while the total cost, fuel consumption, and CO2 and SO2 emissions were decreased by 27.5, 44.98, and 54.46%, respectively. The insulation material installed at its optimum insulation thickness with air gaps in the composite wall will not only reduce the heat loss from the building walls but also has economical and environmental advantages. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2011
Operating cost analysis of an annexed ethanol distillery in a rural, landlocked African country
Authors: Amigun B. , von Blottnitz H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractGiven the high cost of crude oil, uncertainties regarding future reserves as well as the phenomenon of global warming, alternative fuels such as bioethanol need to be developed and deployed. This work presents an economic analysis (operating cost analysis) of one annexed African distillery operating in a landlocked and rural location. Specifically, the study attempts to analyze the impacts that some of the critical factors influencing bioethanol production will have on its viability and also present an analysis of the breakdown of the operating costs of the distillery, in an equation format to enable easier and more rapid use of the data in numerical and economic models, and in the preliminary design and optimization of bioethanol plants. The cost of ethanol production was estimated at $19.57/HL with cost of feedstock (molasses “type C”) constituting about one third of the production cost. The study also identified other major, intermediate, and minor input factors, which can provide insights to both the possible barriers to implementation that should be overcome, and on the technological improvement options that should be stimulated by research and development in ethanol industry. Finally, from the operating cost analysis of the annexed distillery, it emerged that the factorial approach to estimation is principally a sound one, with no indication of untypical cost items. Some of the typical cost items do however display ratios to the base cost that are outside of previously reported limits. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2011