bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of novel neuropeptides in the ventral nerve cord ganglia and their targets in an annelid worm, Eisenia fetida
Authors: Herbert Zsófia , Pollák Edit , Zougman Alexandre , Boros Akos , Kapan Neval , Molnár László 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPeriviscerokinins (PVKs) and pyrokinins (PKs) are neuropeptides known in several arthropod species. Sequence homology of these peptides with the molluscan small cardioactive peptides reveals that the occurrence of PVKs and PKs is not restricted to arthropods. Our study focuses on the biochemical and immunocytochemical identification of neuropeptides with sequence homology to PVKs and PKs in the central and peripheral nervous system of the earthworm Eisenia fetida. By means of affinity chromatography, nanoflow liquid chromatography, and high accuracy mass spectrometry, six peptides, SPFPR(L/I)amide, APFPR(L/I)amide, SPLPR(L/I)amide, SFVR(L/I)amide, AFVR(L/I)amide, and SPAFVR(L/I)amide, were identified in the central nervous system with the common −XR(L/I)amide C‐terminal sequence. The exact anatomical position of 13 labeled XR(I/L)amide expressing neuron groups and numerous peptide‐containing fibers were determined by means of immunocytochemistry and confocal laser scanning microscopy in whole‐mount preparations of ventral nerve cord ganglia. The majority of the stained neurons were interneurons with processes joining the distinct fine‐fibered polysegmental tracts in the central neuropil. Some stained fibers were seen running in each segmental nerve that innervated metanephridia and body wall. Distinct groups of neurosecretory cells characterized by small round soma and short processes were also identified. Based on immunoelectron microscopy six different types of labeled cells were described showing morphological heterogeneity of earthworm peptides containing elements. Our findings confirm that the sequence of the identified earthworm neuropeptides homologous to the insect PVKs and PKs suggesting that these peptides are phylogenetically conservative molecules and are expressed in sister‐groups of animals such as annelids, mollusks, and insects. J. Comp. Neurol. 514:415–432, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Complementary colors: The structure of wavelength discrimination, uniform hue, spectral sensitivity, saturation, chromatic adaptation, and chromatic induction
Authors: Pridmore Ralph W. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractComplementary colors have long been thought important to color vision due to their ability (as admixed pairs) to extinguish all chromaticity, and to adapt automatically (i.e., wavelength pairs and radiant power ratios) to illuminant. Their role in color mixture and chromatic induction is well documented but other roles have not been demonstrated. This article studies the structure of complementary colors in the wavelength and radiance dimensions over the hue cycle (the nonspectrals are represented by a nominal‐wavelength metric). In the wavelength dimension, the basic structure of complementary colors is the complementary intervals ratio (ratio of a wavelength interval to its complementary interval of 1 nm). The ratio has RGB peaks, complementary CMY troughs, and provides models of chromatic induction, wavelength discrimination, and uniform hue difference in good agreement with data. Novel analyses of six color order/UCS hue circles indicate essential characteristics of a uniform hue scale. In the radiance dimension, basic structure is the complementary powers ratio (power of a stimulus required to neutralize its complementary of 1 Watt). The inverse structure has RGB peaks, complementary CMY troughs, and provides models of saturation, spectral sensitivity, and chromatic adaptation to illuminant. The RGB peaks demonstrate spectral sharpening, implying a postreceptoral location in the physiology. The models indicate that complementary colors have a significant role in color appearance besides their well known role in color mixture. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 34, 233–252, 2009
Colour as a structural variable of historical urban form
Authors: Garcia‐Codoñer Angela , Verdú Jorge Llopis , Barchino Ana Torres , Guillén Ramon Villaplana , Lluch Juan Serra 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe historic city is a complex structure resulting from a series of urban generation processes that can be analyzed and understood and which lead to an anisotropic structure where very different formal spaces coexist. We hold the thesis that this division of fields based on typological predominance can be interpreted as chromatic predominance fields. The existence of a significant number of analogous typologies in every field, meeting common chromatic and formal criteria, characterizes an area from a formal point of view. Therefore, this chromatic characterization is a heritage value which must be incorporated into urban restoration processes, since its destruction implies the loss of formal coherence in a historic city. This work starts from various research studies developed by the editing team in several historic cities, and this shows the validity and universality of the conclusions reached. The methodology described below has been put into practice in Spanish cities, and other cities belonging to diverse geographic areas (i.e., Havana, Cuba). It can be shown that while the predominant chromatic ranges vary among cities belonging to different cultures, the chromatic structure of urban spaces follows similar patterns. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 34, 253–265, 2009
Adaptation and colour matching of display and surface colours
Authors: Oicherman Boris , Luo M. Ronnier , Rigg Brian , Robertson Alan R. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn an asymmetric colour matching experiment, eleven observers adjusted computer displays to colour‐match surface samples in a viewing booth. We found systematic discrepancies between the observers' judgments and the predictions of the CIE 1964 Standard Colorimetric Observer. The features of the discrepancies are consistent with previous reports on adaptation in colour matching and on failures of colorimetric additivity, but have never been confirmed to be significant in practical colorimetry. We attribute the discrepancies to post‐receptoral adaptation mainly of the blue‐yellow chromatic channel, and report a framework of an adaptation transform based on the MacLeod‐Boynton chromaticity diagram which can compensate for them without abandoning traditional colorimetry and the use of tristimulus values. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 34, 182–193, 2009
Towards automation of color/weave selection in Jacquard design: Model verification
Authors: Mathur Kavita , Hinks David , Seyam Abdel‐Fattah M. , Donaldson Robert Alan 
Published: April 2009

AbstractJacquard woven fabrics are made from colored yarns and different weaves for designing complex pictorial and other patterning effects. The final visualized color effect is the result of assigning weave designs to different areas of the pattern to be created. The current practice in creating Jacquard woven fabric designs is to produce many samples in a trial‐and‐error attempt to match artwork colors. An ability to simulate accurately the appearance of a design prior to manufacture is highly desirable to reduce trial‐and‐error sample production. No automated accurate digital color methodology is yet available to assist designers in matching the patterned woven fabric to the desired artwork. To achieve this, we developed a geometrical model to predict the color contribution of each yarn on the face of the fabric. The geometrical model combined with a Kubelka‐Munk based color mixing model allowed the prediction of the reflectance properties of the final color for a given design. We compared the predicted and experimental values of the reflectance properties for a range of fabrics using the same geometric model with three separate color mixing models. The geometrical model combined with a log‐based color mixing model produced reasonable agreement between predicted and measured ΔEab, with an average ΔEabof approximately five. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 34, 225–232, 2009
Design of virtual illuminants to control the colors under multiple illuminants
Authors: Agahian Farnaz , Amirshahi Seyed Hossein 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA series of virtual illuminants are generated by applying weighted principal component analysis (wPCA) as well as weighted mean (wM) techniques to a set of artificial lights. The weights are selected in accordance to the importance of desired light source in control and/or matching process. In fact, the created virtual illuminants can be implemented in a colorimetric color matching trial or color control processing. In the case of color matching effort, by choosing suitable weights for different lighting conditions, more balanced color difference values under those illuminants which are presented in dataset could be expected. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 34, 205–209, 2009
Molecular‐Weight‐Enlarged Multiple‐Pincer Ligands: Synthesis and Application in Palladium‐Catalyzed Allylic Substitution Reactions
Authors: Ronde Niek J. , Totev Daniel , Müller Christian , Lutz Martin , Spek Anthony L. , Vogt Dieter 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBigger is better: PCP pincer ligands are attached to soluble supports of different shapes. Disc‐like structures lead to excellent retention by nanofiltration. High selectivity towards the linear trans products is obtained in palladium‐catalyzed allylic alkylation and amination. The kinetics of an allylic amination reaction are studied and one of the molecular‐weight‐enlarged homogeneous catalysts is applied in a membrane reactor under continuous conditions.magnified imageThree different pincer ligand systems are synthesized via nucleophilic substitution reactions of polyaromatic benzyl bromides as support molecules and phenol derivatives as ligand precursors. Retention tests using a polymeric nanofiltration membrane show moderate to good retention in THF and CH2Cl2. Concentration‐dependent NMR spectroscopy gives no indication for the formation of aggregates in solution. The three ligand systems are active in both the allylic alkylation and allylic amination reactions and show high selectivity towards the linear trans products. An investigation of the kinetic parameters of the allylic amination reaction show that the reaction of cinnamyl acetate with morpholine is of zero order in cinnamyl acetate and of first order in morpholine. The order in catalyst is found to be one, and the rate constant k′ is determined for a reaction under standard conditions. Moreover, one of the tri(pincer)‐palladium complexes is used as soluble, molecular‐weight‐enlarged homogeneous catalyst in continuous allylic alkylation and amination reactions. The conversion of the allylic alkylation reaches a maximum of 30 %, while a maximum conversion of 80 % is reached in the allylic amination reaction. No palladium black was formed.
Acylation Reactions over Zeolites and Mesoporous Catalysts
Authors: Bejblová Martina , Procházková Dana , Čejka Jiří 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSievilized chemistry: Molecular sieves are highly active and selective catalysts with industrial potential for acylation reactions. Zeolites are the catalysts of choice when shape‐selectivity influences the preferential formation of some products, while high conversions are achieved over mesoporous catalysts with enhanced diffusion rates of reactants and products.magnified imageFriedel–Crafts acylation reactions play an important role in the manufacture of aromatic ketones, which are used as intermediates or products in fine‐chemical synthesis. Molecular sieves are highly active and selective catalysts with industrial potential for acylation reactions. Zeolites are the catalysts of choice when shape selectivity influences the preferential formation of some products, while high conversions are achieved over mesoporous catalysts with enhanced diffusion rates of reactants and products. In this Minireview, we focus on the understanding of the relationship among the structure of molecular sieve, type and concentration of acid sites and activity/selectivity in various acylations of aromatic and olefinic hydrocarbons. The products of these acylation reactions are important compounds for the pharmaceutical industry, fragrance and flavor materials, dyes, polymers, agrochemicals, and other applications.
Nonlinear distortion analysis via perturbation method
Authors: Buonomo Antonio , Lo Schiavo Alessandro 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAn analytical method based on the classical perturbation method and the harmonic balance method is presented to analyze the distortion due to circuit nonlinearities. Starting from the time‐domain‐modified nodal analysis formulation for a nonlinear dynamic circuit, a calculation procedure of the periodic solution is developed, leading to general formulae for harmonics and nonlinear distortion figures. These formulae are then particularized for the widely used polynomial and exponential nonlinearities. Circuit simulations are performed showing the accuracy of the presented formulae. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pro‐anorexia websites: What a clinician should know
Authors: Harshbarger Jenni L. , Ahlers‐Schmidt Carolyn R. , Mayans Laura , Mayans David , Hawkins Joseph H. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObjective:The purpose of this study was to conduct a content analysis of the “Tips and Tricks” section of pro‐ana websites to better understand information shared on these sites, and aide clinicians in identification, treatment, and prevention of anorexia.Method:Nine pro‐ana websites were evaluated to identify categories of information in “Tips and Tricks.” A content analysis was performed using emergent coding methods and 16 categories were determined. Reliability was acceptable (Cohen's Kappa = 0.702). Discrepancies were corrected by consensus. Frequencies of individual categories were computed.Results:Most “Tips and Tricks” are directed at dieting/restricting calories (28.6%) and distraction (14.0%). Most disturbing, 11% of comments were directed at lying and concealing symptoms.Discussion:Clinicians aware of “Tips and Tricks” might be better equipped to recognize the symptoms of anorexia early in treatment. Knowledge of “Tips and Tricks” can also facilitate better education, making it difficult for clients to conceal their illness. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2009
The hematology of anorexia nervosa
Authors: Hütter Gero , Ganepola Susanne , Hofmann Wolf‐K. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObjective:Changes of the peripheral blood cell count in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) are frequent. Anemia and leukopenia are observed in one‐third of these patients. Examination of the bone marrow reveals in almost 50% of the patients with AN signs of bone marrow atrophy and can additionally suffer from a gelatinous bone marrow transformation.Method:Published studies and investigations concerning hematological changes in patients with AN were reviewed.Results:Anemia and mild neutropenia are detectable in almost one‐third of these patients, whereas thrombocytopenia is rather uncommon. The exact mechanism for these findings is still unclear, but 50% of AN‐patients with hematological changes display morphological signs of partial bone marrow atrophy.Discussion:Changes of the peripheral blood cell count in patients with AN is a frequent observation but the peripheral blood cell count cannot predict the severity of bone marrow atrophy. All hematological and morphological alterations disappear completely and rapidly after sufficient refeeding. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2009
Compensatory eating disorder behaviors and gastric bypass surgery outcome
Authors: Chen Eunice , Roehrig Megan , Herbozo Sylvia , McCloskey Michael S. , Roehrig James , Cummings Hakeemah , Alverdy John , Le Grange Daniel 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObjective:This study prospectively examined the role of compensatory eating disorder behavior on gastric bypass (GB) surgery weight‐loss outcome.Method:The compensatory behaviors of 199 GB patients were evaluated presurgically using the Questionnaire of Eating and Weight Patterns. Hierarchical linear regression was used to assess the presence of compensatory behavior on 6‐month postsurgery body mass index (BMI), and 1‐year postsurgery BMI, controlling for age, sex, race, age becoming overweight, number of weeks postsurgery, and presurgery BMI.Results:The presence of presurgery compensatory behavior emerged as a small but significant predictor of lower BMI 6‐months postsurgery although not at 1‐year postsurgery. Other common predictors for lower BMI at 6‐months and 1‐year postsurgery were lower presurgery BMI and greater number of weeks postsurgery. Female sex also predicted lower BMI 1‐year postsurgery.Discussion:These results must be taken with caution as they contradict clinical guidelines. Future research is needed to replicate these findings. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2009
Accuracy of self‐reported weight and height: Relationship with eating psychopathology among young women
Authors: Meyer Caroline , McPartlan Lauren , Sines Jennie , Waller Glenn 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObjective:Self‐reported height and weight data are commonly reported within eating disorders research. The aims of this study are to demonstrate the accuracy of self‐reported height and weight and to determine whether that accuracy is associated with levels of eating psychopathology among a group of young nonclinical women.Method:One hundred and four women were asked to report their own height and weight. They then completed the Eating Disorders Examination‐Questionnaire. Finally, they were weighed and their height was measured in a standardized manner. Accuracy scores for height and weight were calculated by subtracting their actual weight and height from their self‐reports.Results:Overall, the women overestimated their heights and underestimated their weights, leading to significant errors in body mass index where self‐report is used. Those women with high eating concerns were likely to overestimate their weight, whereas those with high weight concerns were more likely to underestimate it.Discussion:These data show that self‐reports of height and weight are inaccurate in a way that skews any research that depends on them. The errors are influenced by eating psychopathology. These findings highlight the importance of obtaining objective height and weight data, particularly when comparing those data with those of patients with eating disorders. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2009
The road less traveled: Associations between externalizing behaviors and eating pathology
Authors: Slane Jennifer D. , Burt S. Alexandra , Klump Kelly L. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObjective:Few studies have examined associations between externalizing behaviors and eating disorders in either sex. The current study investigated sex differences in associations between internalizing and externalizing symptoms and disordered eating.Method:A sample of 541 men and women completed self‐reported measures of disordered eating (e.g., binge eating), internalizing symptoms (e.g., anxiety), and externalizing behaviors (e.g., delinquency). Hierarchical linear modeling was used to examine sex differences in associations between these symptoms and disordered eating.Results:Internalizing symptoms showed the strongest associations with disordered eating in both sexes. Hyperactivity and aggression were more strongly associated with disordered eating in men, whereas alcohol use was more strongly associated with disordered eating in women.Discussion:Results indicated several sex similarities in associations between internalizing symptoms and disordered eating, but some important sex differences among externalizing behaviors. Externalizing behaviors may play a significant role in the development of disordered eating uniquely within men and women. © 2009 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2010
The factor structure of the eating disorder examination in clinical and community samples
Authors: Byrne Susan M. , Allen Karina L. , Lampard Amy M. , Dove Emma R. , Fursland Anthea 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObjective:To assess the factor structure of the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) in three different samples and to compare the goodness‐of‐fit of five models of EDE data.Method:The EDE was administered to eating disordered (n = 158), treatment‐seeking obese (n = 170) and non‐eating disordered community‐based (n = 329) participants. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to compare the validity of the original four‐factor EDE model with that of three‐, two‐, and one‐factor models.Results:None of the tested models provided a “good fit” to the data in any sample, with the exception of a brief one‐factor model in the eating disorder group. Estimations of internal consistency, reliability, and validity were superior for the one‐, two‐, and three‐factor models compared to the four‐factor model in all samples.Discussion:Overall, there was more support for a one‐factor model of EDE data than for a multi‐factorial model. It may be more appropriate to use Global EDE scores than individual subscale scores for research purposes. © 2009 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2010
An evaluation of a body image intervention based on risk factors for body dissatisfaction: A controlled study with adolescent girls
Authors: Richardson Shanel M. , Paxton Susan J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObjective:In this research we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a theoretically derived school‐based body image intervention for young adolescent girls.Method:Participants were 194, female Grade 7 students from two Catholic Secondary Schools in Melbourne, Australia. One school was allocated to the intervention group and the other school was allocated to the control group. The intervention group participated in three 50‐min body image intervention sessions, while the control group received their usual classes. All participants completed baseline, post‐intervention and 3‐month follow‐up questionnaires.Results:The intervention group reported significantly more positive outcomes than the control group on measures of intervention topic knowledge, risk factors for body dissatisfaction, body image, dietary restraint and self‐esteem, at post‐intervention and follow‐up.Discussion:This study provides support for the efficacy of a theoretically derived school‐based body image intervention with adolescent girls. © 2009 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2010
The changing profile of eating disorders at a tertiary psychiatric clinic in Hong Kong (1987–2007)
Authors: Lee Sing , Ng King Lam , Kwok Kathleen , Fung Corina 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObjective:To examine the clinical profile of Chinese eating disorder patients at a tertiary psychiatric clinic in Hong Kong from 1987 to 2007.Method:Data on 195 consecutive patients were retrieved from a standardized intake interview by an eating disorder specialist. Patients seen between 1987–1997 (n = 67) and 1998–2007 (n = 128) and fat‐phobic (n = 76) and nonfat‐phobic (n = 39) anorexic patients were compared.Results:Patients were predominantly single (91.8%), female (99.0%), in their early‐20s and suffered from anorexia (n = 115; 59.0%) or bulimia (n = 78; 40.0%) nervosa. The number of patients increased twofold across the two periods. Bulimia nervosa became more common while anorexia nervosa exhibited an increasingly fat‐phobic pattern. Nonfat‐phobic anorexic patients exhibited significantly lower premorbid body weight, less body dissatisfaction, less weight control behavior, and lower EAT‐26 scores than fat‐phobic anorexic patients.Discussion:The clinical profile of eating disorders in Hong Kong has increasingly conformed to that of Western countries. © 2009 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2010