bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent trends of mean and extreme precipitation in Korea
Authors: Jung Il‐Won , Bae Deg‐Hyo , Kim Gwangseob 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe spatial and temporal variability of precipitation in Korea were investigated using 183 weather station data for 1973–2005. A set of 16 indices that represent mean and extreme values of precipitation data were estimated using daily precipitation data, linear and spatial trend relationships of the indices were analysed using the Mann–Kendall test and Moran's I test statistic, respectively. Results demonstrate that annual precipitation data have a significant positive trend and there is a strong spatial relationship in their variability. The increase of annual precipitation is mainly associated with the increase of frequency and intensity of heavy precipitation during summer season. However, precipitation during spring and winter seasons had a decreasing trend. This variation of precipitation is likely to increase flood and drought risk. It means that the increase of annual precipitation should not be helpful for water resources management but could be a burden to river management and dam operation in Korea. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Wind direction‐dependent statistical downscaling of precipitation applied to the Upper Danube catchment
Authors: Schipper Janus Willem , Frueh Barbara , Pfeiffer Andreas , Zaengl Guenther 
Published: January 2010

AbstractSimulating regional climate has become increasingly important during the last decade. Although general circulation models reproduce today's global‐scale climate reasonably well, regional and even local effects need to be simulated by regional‐scale climate models, which provide substantially higher resolutions.The study presented here was aimed at statistically downscaling precipitation simulations of a regional climate model onto a 1 km grid for hydrological modeling of a catchment of roughly 75,000 sq km. The area of interest is the upper Danube catchment, which is located in southern Germany and partly in Austria, Switzerland, and Italy (Alpine area). Simulating regional climate of such a large area (approx. 450 × 450 km) at this high resolution over many years is limited by the computer resources available. An approach to gain 1 km precipitation simulations over climatological periods of time is to apply a statistical downscaling method. The downscaling method applied was used in a regional climate model, which was in turn nested in a global circulation model. The time period for verification was 1991–2001.Two types of the same downscaling method based on the climatological relationship between the observed and simulated precipitation patterns are used. The first type is based on precipitation patterns only. The second type additionally uses the wind direction and wind speed dependence of precipitation patterns in the Alpine area.It will be shown that both downscaling types improve the simulation results significantly for the complete verification period. Although both types are limited by the performance of the course grid model output, the wind‐dependent type improves the results even more, especially on days with a distinct wind‐dependent precipitation pattern. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Harmonic analysis of climatological temperature over Antarctica: present day and greenhouse warming perspectives
Authors: Justino F. , Setzer A. , Bracegirdle T. J. , Mendes D. , Grimm A. , Dechiche G. , Schaefer C. E. G. R. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractOn the basis of ERA40 and NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis (NNR) and simulations from CCCma, CCSM, CSIRO, HadCM3, MIROC‐MEDRES and GFDL, which support the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 4th Assessment Report (AR4), we demonstrated that the amplitude of the annual and the semi‐annual harmonics delivered by the ERA40 and NNR is dominated by distinct seasonal variability. The maximum first harmonic amplitude of near surface temperature 2‐metre air temperature (t2m) according the NNR is located over the Plateau of East Antarctica, whereas analyses for ERA40 show maximum amplitude over the west Antarctic ice sheet. The spatial pattern of the first harmonic of t2m in NNR more closely corresponds to station observations, suggesting that the seasonal cycle of t2m over Antarctica may be biased in ERA‐40. A comparison between the global climate models (GCMs) and NNR demonstrates that the models satisfactorily simulate the amplitude of the first and second harmonics; however, the modelling results differ among themselves in terms of the amplitude values. Larger seasonal variability is identified for CCCma, HadCM3 and MIROC‐MEDRES with values as high as 20 °C over the Antarctic plateau. We have further identified that the CSIRO GCM does not reproduce the seasonal amplitude of t2m as compared to other models, which is primarily due to its overestimation of the cloud cover and weak seasonal changes of precipitation. Calculations of the harmonic analysis based upon greenhouse warming (GW) conditions reveal that there is no substantial seasonal difference between the amplitude of the first harmonic as projected by GW and present day (PD) simulations over the Antarctic continent. Over the polar ocean, however, the amplitude of the first harmonic is reduced in all climate models under future conditions. In order to narrow down the uncertainties on future climate projections, analyses of the cloud forcing which include the short‐ and long‐wave radiation and the surface mass balance (SMB) may provide substantial information on the cause of the discrepancies as simulated by climate models over the Antarctic region. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
PTSD symptoms, hazardous drinking, and health functioning among U.S.OEF and OIF veterans presenting to primary care
Authors: McDevitt‐Murphy Meghan E. , Williams Joah L. , Bracken Katherine L. , Fields Jordan A. , Monahan Christopher J. , Murphy James G. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol abuse both are negatively associated with health, and alcohol misuse may mediate the relationship between PTSD and functional health outcomes. The present study tested for such mediation using self‐report measures of PTSD symptoms, hazardous alcohol use, and health functioning in 151 U.S. veterans (136 men and 15 women) of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan recruited from a Veterans Affairs primary care clinic. Based on established cut scores, 39.1% screened positive for PTSD and 26.5% screened positive for hazardous drinking. PTSD symptoms and hazardous drinking were significantly correlated with each other and with health functioning. Hazardous drinking was found to partially mediate the relationship between PTSD and functional mental health, but not physical health.
Positron emission tomography‐computed tomography adds to the management of salivary gland malignancies
Authors: Razfar Ali , Heron Dwight E. , Branstetter Barton F. , Seethala Raja R. , Ferris Robert L. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To evaluate the efficacy of combined positron emission tomography‐computed tomography (PET‐CT) in identifying salivary gland malignancies and to examine the role of PET‐CT in the management of these patients.Study Design:Retrospective chart review.Methods:Fifty‐five patients with diagnosed salivary gland cancer who had undergone PET‐CT scanning were retrospectively reviewed from January 2000 to October 2008. PET‐CT scans using intravenous contrast were correlated with clinicopathological information to determine diagnostic accuracy of disease extent. The impact of PET‐CT findings on therapeutic management was analyzed. All histopathologic grades were included in the study.Results:Overall, PET‐CT demonstrated a sensitivity of 74.4%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 100%, and negative predictive value of 61.5%. PET‐CT also identified unrecognized distant metastases in the following sites: six lung, five bone, two distant lymph nodes, and one liver. PET‐CT added to management in 26 patients (47.3%), and it was the deciding diagnostic modality in eight patients (14.5%). Of these 26 patients, 14 patients underwent additional surgery. Three patients with recurrence underwent PET‐CT scan‐directed radiation and/or chemotherapy, whereas nine patients diagnosed with distant disease received palliative treatment.Conclusions:PET‐CT is useful for planning the most appropriate treatment by identifying clinically unrecognized disease. PET‐CT shows a high diagnostic accuracy for detecting disease recurrence and distant metastases, thus helping to determine whether patients are candidates for potentially curative or palliative treatment. Laryngoscope, 2010
Multiparameter comparison of injection laryngoplasty, medialization laryngoplasty, and arytenoid adduction in an excised larynx model
Authors: Hoffman Matthew R. , Witt Rachel E. , Chapin William J. , McCulloch Timothy M. , Jiang Jack J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Evaluate the effect of injection laryngoplasty (IL), medialization laryngoplasty (ML), and ML combined with arytenoid adduction (ML‐AA) on acoustic, aerodynamic, and mucosal wave measurements in an excised larynx setup.Study Design:Comparative case study using ex vivo canine larynges.Methods:Measurements were recorded for eight excised canine larynges with simulated unilateral vocal fold paralysis before and after vocal fold injection with Cymetra. A second set of eight larynges was used to evaluate medialization laryngoplasty using a Silastic implant without and with arytenoid adduction.Results:IL and ML led to comparable decreases in phonation threshold flow (PTF), phonation threshold pressure (PTP), and phonation threshold power (PTW). ML‐AA led to significant decreases in PTF (P = .008), PTP (P = .008), and PTW (P = .008). IL and ML led to approximately equal decreases in percent jitter and percent shimmer. ML‐AA caused the greatest increase in signal‐to‐noise ratio. ML‐AA discernibly decreased frequency (P = 0.059); a clear trend was not observed for IL or ML. IL significantly reduced mucosal wave amplitude (P = 0.002), whereas both ML and ML‐AA increased it. All procedures significantly decreased glottal gap, with the most dramatic effects observed after ML‐AA (P = 0.004).Conclusions:ML‐AA led to the greatest improvements in phonatory parameters. IL was comparable to ML aerodynamically and acoustically, but caused detrimental changes to the mucosal wave. Incremental improvements in parameters recorded from the same larynx were observed after ML and ML‐AA. To ensure optimal acoustic outcome, the arytenoid must be correctly rotated. This study provides objective support for the combined ML‐AA procedure in tolerant patients. Laryngoscope, 2010
Assessment of the variability of vocal fold dynamics within and between recordings with high‐speed imaging and by phonovibrogram
Authors: Kunduk Melda , Doellinger Michael , McWhorter Andrew J. , Lohscheller Joerg 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:The goal of the study was to assess the variability of healthy vocal fold dynamics. Quantitative parameters describing mean regularity and vibration characteristics of vocal fold dynamics along the entire glottal axis were analyzed.Study Design:Prospective study with 14 young healthy females with no history of voice problems. High‐speed videoendoscopy was used to capture vocal fold vibratory characteristics while subjects were producing vowel /i/ with comfortable pitch and loudness over three different recording sessions.Methods:The analysis of the data was achieved by using the objective image analysis technique, phonovibrography.Results:The objective analysis of the high‐speed video data showed no statistically significant changes in endoscopic voice parameters for normal young female voices.Conclusions:Analysis suggests that endoscopic parameters obtained from phonovibrograms are consistent from day to day in normal voices. Further studies are needed to objectively rate the presence and degree of these parameters in disordered voices. Laryngoscope, 2010
Support Vector Machine (SVM) as Alternative Tool to Assign Acute Aquatic Toxicity Warning Labels to Chemicals
Authors: Michielan Lisa , Pireddu Luca , Floris Matteo , Moro Stefano 
Published: January 2010

AbstractQuantitative structure‐activity relationship (QSAR) analysis has been frequently utilized as a computational tool for the prediction of several eco‐toxicological parameters including the acute aquatic toxicity. In the present study, we describe a novel integrated strategy to describe the acute aquatic toxicity through the combination of both toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic behaviors of chemicals. In particular, a robust classification model (TOXclass) has been derived by combining Support Vector Machine (SVM) analysis with three classes of toxicokinetic–like molecular descriptors: the autocorrelation molecular electrostatic potential (autoMEP) vectors, Sterimol topological descriptors and logP(o/w) property values. TOXclass model is able to assign chemicals to different levels of acute aquatic toxicity, providing an appropriate answer to the new regulatory requirements. Moreover, we have extended the above mentioned toxicokinetic‐like descriptor set with a more toxicodynamic‐like descriptors, as for example HOMO and LUMO energies, to generate a valuable SVM classifier (MOAclass) for the prediction of the mode of action (MOA) of toxic chemicals. As preliminary validation of our approach, the toxicokinetic (TOXclass) and the toxicodynamic (MOAclass) models have been applied in series to inspect both aquatic toxicity hazard and mode of action of 296 chemical substances with unknown or uncertain toxicodynamic information to assess the potential ecological risk and the toxic mechanism.
Predicting Cyclooxygenase Inhibition by Three‐Dimensional Pharmacophoric Profiling. Part I: Model Generation, Validation and Applicability in Ethnopharmacology
Authors: Schuster Daniela , Waltenberger Birgit , Kirchmair Johannes , Distinto Simona , Markt Patrick , Stuppner Hermann , Rollinger Judith M. , Wolber Gerhard 
Published: January 2010

Abstract3D pharmacophore modeling has evolved as an established and state‐of‐the‐art method for performing in‐silico predictions of biological activity. Using one single model is limited to single binding modes, while the combination of several models bears a broader application scope. We demonstrate the generation of a complete and predictive 3D model set for cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 inhibitors, along with a selection and validation protocol optimized for parallel virtual screening. This model set was applied to explain the cyclooxygenase activity of an ethnopharmacologically known mixture of natural products, the Thai traditional medicine “Prasaplai”. Results show that rationalizing natural product activity by modern in‐silico approaches is promising and can be tremendously useful in the identification of the mechanisms of action for known biological effects of complex herbal remedies.
Measuring disability across cultures — the psychometric properties of the WHODAS II in older people from seven low‐ and middle‐income countries. The 10/66 Dementia Research Group population‐based survey
Authors: Sousa Renata M. , Dewey Michael E. , Acosta Daisy , Jotheeswaran A.T. , Castro‐Costa Erico , Ferri Cleusa P. , Guerra Mariella , Huang Yueqin , Jacob K.S. , Pichardo Juana Guillermina Rodriguez , Ramírez Nayeli Garcia , Rodriguez Juan Llibre , Rodriguez Marina Calvo , Salas Aquiles , Sosa Ana Luisa , Williams Joseph , Prince Martin J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe evaluated the psychometric properties of the 12‐item interviewer‐administered screener version of the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule – version II (WHODAS II) among older people living in seven low‐ and middle‐income countries. Principal component analysis (PCA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Mokken analyses were carried out to test for unidimensionality, hierarchical structure, and measurement invariance across 10/66 Dementia Research Group sites.PCA generated a one‐factor solution in most sites. In CFA, the two‐factor solution generated in Dominican Republic fitted better for all sites other than rural China. The two factors were not easily interpretable, and may have been an artefact of differing item difficulties. Strong internal consistency and high factor loadings for the one‐factor solution supported unidimensionality. Furthermore, the WHODAS II was found to be a ‘strong’ Mokken scale. Measurement invariance was supported by the similarity of factor loadings across sites, and by the high between‐site correlations in item difficulties.The Mokken results strongly support that the WHODAS II 12‐item screener is a unidimensional and hierarchical scale confirming to item response theory (IRT) principles, at least at the monotone homogeneity model level. More work is needed to assess the generalizability of our findings to different populations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
FPGA‐based implementation of a real time photovoltaic module simulator
Authors: Mekki H. , Mellit A. , Kalogirou S. A. , Messai A. , Furlan G. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAn implementation of an intelligent photovoltaic module on reconfigurable Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is described in this paper. An experimental database of meteorological data (irradiation and temperature) and output electrical generation data of a Photovoltaic (PV) module (current and voltage) under variable climate condition is used in this study. Initially, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is developed under Matlab/Similuk, environment for modeling the PV module. The inputs of the ANN–PV module are the global solar irradiation and temperature while the outputs are the current and voltage generated from the PV‐module. Subsequently, the optimal configuration of the ANN model (ANN–PV module) is written and simulated under the Very High Description Language (VHDL) and ModelSim. The synthesized architecture by ModelSim is then implemented on an FPGA device. The designed MLP‐photovoltaic module permits the evaluation of performance of the PV module using only environmental parameters and involves less computational effort. The device can also be used for predicting the output electrical energy from the PV module and for a real time simulation in specific climatic conditions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative analysis of SILAC data sets using spectral counting
Authors: Parker Sarah J. , Halligan Brian D. , Greene Andrew S. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe report a new quantitative proteomics approach that combines the best aspects of stable isotope labeling of amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) labeling and spectral counting. The SILAC peptide count ratio analysis (SPeCtRA, http://proteomics.mcw.edu/visualize) method relies on MS2 spectra rather than ion chromatograms for quantitation and therefore does not require the use of high mass accuracy mass spectrometers. The inclusion of a stable isotope label allows the samples to be combined before sample preparation and analysis, thus avoiding many of the sources of variability that can plague spectral counting. To validate the SPeCtRA method, we have analyzed samples constructed with known ratios of protein abundance. Finally, we used SPeCtRA to compare endothelial cell protein abundances between high (20 mM) and low (11 mM) glucose culture conditions. Our results demonstrate that SPeCtRA is a protein quantification technique that is accurate and sensitive as well as easy to automate and apply to high‐throughput analysis of complex biological samples.
Fibrils separated from polyacrylonitrile fiber by ultrasonic etching in dimethylsulphoxide solution
Authors: Wang Qifen , Wang Chengguo , Bai Yujun , Yu Meijie , Wang Yanxiang , Zhu Bo , Jing Min , Ma Jie , Hu Xiuying , Zhao Yaqi , Zhang Min 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA novel method for the separation of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibrils from fibers by ultrasonic etching in a 90 wt % aqueous dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) solution at 75 °C ± 2 °C for 6 h with a frequency of 40 kHz is demonstrated. These fibrils with a diameter of about 450 nm were systematically investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD). It was found that the fibrils consisted of microfibrils with about 200 nm diameter, including periodic lamellae with thickness of 30–45 nm perpendicular to the fiber axis. The PAN fiber crystallinity and crystal size slightly decreased under the ultrasonic etching. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 617–619, 2010
Structural Transition of the 2‐Nitropropane Organic Compound at Low Temperature
Authors: Gbabode Gabin , Lambert Sébastien , Guillet François , Hebert Philippe 
Published: January 2010

AbstractStructural investigation of the crystallized 2‐nitropropane compound (C3H7NO2) was performed by X‐ray powder diffraction at low temperature. A first crystalline phase, called phase α, is observed below 172 K. This form exhibits a triclinic symmetry with P‐1 space group (a=1.0313(3) nm, b=0.5873(2) nm, c=1.6146(4) nm, α=90.17(2)°, β=92.17(2)° and γ=90.09(2)°), and Z=8). At Tt=172 K, a structural transition is observed which brings to another phase, called phase β (above Tt). This one contains four molecules per unit cell and shows a Pc21n symmetry (a=1.0141(3) nm, b=0.5855(2) nm, and c=0.8319(4) nm). In addition to the doubling of the c‐axis, structural networks differ by the different conformations of NO2 nitro groups and by the orientation of the propyl group in the unit cell. Both crystal structures can be described using infinite zigzag chains of C3H7NO2 molecules showing a regular alternation along the c‐axis. Two orientations of these ribbons, called A and B, are observed. The crystal structures are then built with different distribution of these ribbons within the crystalline network.
Preliminary observations on the antifatigue effects of longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) seed polysaccharides
Authors: Zheng S. Q. , Jiang F. , Gao H. Y. , Zheng J. G. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe antifatigue effects of the hot‐water extract of longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) seeds were studied in mice. Longan seed polysaccharides were administered at doses of 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg and antifatigue activity was evaluated using a swimming test, along with the determination of serum urea nitrogen, hepatic glycogen and blood lactic acid content. The results show that longan seed polysaccharides, in doses ranging from 50 to 100 mg/kg, extended swimming time, increased hepatic glycogen (p < 0.01, n = 10), reduced blood urea nitrogen (p < 0.01, n = 10) and decreased blood lactic acid (p < 0.01, n = 10) in the mice. Therefore longan seed polysaccharides may have potential as an antifatigue agent. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.