bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Critical Role for Dendritic Cells in the Formation of Lymphatic Vessels within Tertiary Lymphoid Structures
Authors: Muniz Luciana R. , Pacer Michelle E. , Lira Sergio A. , Furtado Glaucia C. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Ectopic, or tertiary, lymphoid aggregates often form in chronically inflamed areas. Lymphatic vessels, as well as high endothelial venules, form within these lymphoid aggregates, but the mechanisms underlying their development are poorly understood. Overexpression of the chemokine CCL21 in the thyroid of transgenic mice leads to formation of lymphoid aggregates containing topologically segregated T and B lymphocytes, dendritic cells (DCs), and specialized vasculature, including Lyve-1+/Prox-1+ lymphatic vessels. In this article, we show that adoptive transfer of mature CD4+ T cells into animals expressing CCL21 in a RAG-deficient background promotes the influx of host NK cells and DCs into the thyroid and the formation of new lymphatic vessels within 10 d. This process is dependent on the expression of lymphotoxin ligands by host cells, but not by the transferred CD4+ T cells. Ablation of host DCs, but not NK cells, reduces the formation of new lymphatic vessels in the thyroid. Taken together, these data suggest a critical role for CD11c+ DCs in the induction of lymphangiogenesis in tertiary lymphoid structures.
Cholinergic Regulatory Lymphocytes Re-Establish Neuromodulation of Innate Immune Responses in Sepsis
Authors: Peña Geber , Cai Bolin , Ramos Laura , Vida Gergely , Deitch Edwin A. , Ulloa Luis 
Published: June 2011

AbstractMany anti-inflammatory strategies that are successful in treating sepsis in healthy animals fail in clinical trials, in part because sepsis normally involves immunocompromised patients, and massive lymphocyte apoptosis prevents immunomodulation. In this article, we report a new set of regulatory lymphocytes that are able to re-establish the cholinergic anti-inflammatory modulation and to provide therapeutic advantages in sepsis. The vagus nerve controls inflammation in healthy, but not in septic, mice. Likewise, vagus nerve and cholinergic agonists fail to control inflammation in splenectomized and nude animals. Unlike typical suppressor CD25+ cells, CD4+CD25− lymphocytes re-establish the anti-inflammatory potential of the vagus nerve and cholinergic agonists in immunocompromised and septic animals. These cholinergic lymphocytes re-establish splenic protection and the potential of cholinergic agonists to rescue immunocompromised animals from established sepsis. The study results revealed these new regulatory lymphocytes as, to our knowledge, the first known physiological target for neuromodulation of the innate immune responses and a potential therapeutic target for sepsis.
Physical and Functional Bivalency Observed Among TCR/CD3 Complexes Isolated from Primary T Cells
Authors: Schrum Adam G. , Gil Diana , Turka Laurence A. , Palmer Ed 
Published: June 2011

AbstractUnlike BCR and secreted Ig, TCR expression is not thought to occur in a bivalent form. The conventional monovalent model of TCR/CD3 is supported by published studies of complexes solubilized in the detergent digitonin, in which bivalency was not observed. We revisited the issue of TCR valency by examining complexes isolated from primary αβ T cells after solubilization in digitonin. Using immunoprecipitation followed by flow cytometry, we unexpectedly observed TCR/CD3 complexes that contained two TCRs per complex. Standard anti-TCR Abs, being bivalent themselves, tended to bind with double occupancy to bivalent TCRs; this property masked the presence of the second TCR per complex in certain Ab binding assays, which may partially explain why previous data did not reveal these bivalent complexes. We also found that the prevalence of bivalency among fully assembled, mature TCR/CD3 complexes was sufficient to impact the functional performance of immunoprecipitated TCRs in binding antigenic peptide/MHC-Ig fusion proteins. Both TCR positions per bivalent complex required an Ag-specific TCR to effect optimal binding to these soluble ligands. Therefore, we conclude that in primary T cells, TCR/CD3 complexes can be found that are physically and functionally bivalent. The expression of bivalent TCR/CD3 complexes has implications regarding potential mechanisms by which Ag may trigger signaling. It also suggests the possibility that the potential for bivalent expression could represent a general feature of Ag receptors.
Unexpected Role for Granzyme K in CD56bright NK Cell-Mediated Immunoregulation of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Jiang Wenzheng , Chai Noo Ri , Maric Dragan , Bielekova Bibiana 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Functional NK cell deficiencies are associated with autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis. NK cells can promote or inhibit adaptive immunity via either cytokine production or cytotoxicity toward immature dendritic cells and activated T cells. In humans, this immunoregulatory role resides in the CD56bright NK cell subset, which is selectively expanded by daclizumab, a CD25-blocking Ab that suppresses multiple sclerosis-associated inflammation. The objective of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the cytotoxicity of NK cells toward activated T cells. We demonstrated that NK cells induce caspase-independent apoptosis that requires NK cell degranulation and causes mitochondrial dysfunction in activated T cells. Although both granzyme A and granzyme K (GrK) can mediate this form of apoptosis, quantitatively we observed preferential transfer of GrK to target cells. Consequently, gene silencing of GrK in the NK-92 cell line, which retains functional characteristics of CD56bright NK cells, profoundly inhibited the ability of NK-92 cells to kill activated syngeneic T cells. Finally, we demonstrated that daclizumab treatment significantly enhanced this newly defined mechanism of cytotoxicity by CD56bright NK cells. Our study describes the important physiological role that GrK plays in immunoregulation of adaptive immunity in humans and indicates that therapeutic exploitation of this pathway is beneficial in controlling autoimmunity.
Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration biopsy is useful evaluating mediastinal lymphadenopathy in a cancer center
Authors: Khazai Laila , Kundu Uma R. , Jacob Betsy , Patel Shobha , Sneige Nour , Eapen George A. , Morice Rodolfo C. , Caraway Nancy P. 
Published: June 2011

Background:Endobronchial ultrasound-guided tra0nsbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) biopsy is used to stage mediastinal lymph nodes in cancer patients to optimize treatment strategies. In this retrospective study, the authors determined the utility of EBUS-TBNA biopsy in the evaluation of mediastinal lymphadenopathy at a high-volume cancer center.Materials and Methods:The pathology database was searched for all patients who had undergone EBUS-TBNA biopsy of mediastinal lymph nodes over a one-year period. Cytologic diagnoses were correlated with clinical histories, subsequent resection, and clinical follow-up data.Results:Of 928 lymph node samples, 226 (24%) were diagnosed as malignant, 4 (0.4%) were suspicious for malignancy, 9 (1%) were atypical, 640 (69%) were benign, and 47 (5%) were insufficient for evaluation. In 89 (9.6%) cases, the patients had surgical resection. There was one false positive, in which the primary tumor contained infiltrating lymphocytes, had been sampled. There were five false-negative cases, which resulted from sampling errors, including two with micrometastases. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value rates for EBUS-TBNA biopsy in the evaluation of mediastinal lymph nodes were 68.7% and 98.6% and 91.6% and 93.5%, respectively on a per lymph node basis. The overall clinical sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value rates after one year clinical/radiological and histologic follow-up were 97%, 99.3%, 96.7% and 99.4%, respectively.Conclusions:EBUS-TBNA biopsy is a sensitive and specific method for evaluating mediastinal lymphadenopathy in patients with lung and other primary tumors.
Producción y Composición de los Cultivares Mulato I y II de <i>Bachiaria</i> Híbridos Inoculados con Micorriza y <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i>
Authors: Castillo Miguel S. , Vélez Miguel , Rosas Juan Carlos , Trabanino Rogelio 
Published: June 2011

Se evaluó la producción de Materia Seca (MS), Fibra Neutro Detergente (FND), Fibra Ácido Detergente (FAD), Digestibilidad in vitro de la Materia Orgánica (DIVMO), Proteína Cruda (PC) y absorción de nutrientes de los cultivares Mulato I y II de Brachiaria híbridos en respuesta a la aplicación de los hongos micorriza y Trichoderma harzianum en El Zamorano, Honduras. Se utilizaron 32 parcelas de 3 × 5 m, con cuatro cortes cada 21 días. Se contaron las conidias de T. harzianum cada mes en los tres primeros meses y de esporas e infección de raíces con micorriza al tercer mes. En base a análisis del suelo se fertilizó con 150 kg N/ha/año (Urea) cada dos cortes. Se usó un diseño factorial en el cual el factor principal fue la variedad de pasto (Mulato I o Mulato II) y el factor secundario la aplicación de biofertilizantes (Mycoral®, Trichozam®, Mycoral® + Trichozam® y el Testigo). Para analizar las variables de producción de MS y conteo de conidias de T. harzianum se utilizaron medidas repetidas en el tiempo y sin medidas repetidas para esporas y porcentaje de infección de raíces con micorriza. La aleatorización en campo se realizó en un Diseño Completo al Azar (DCA) con cuatro repeticiones por cada combinación de tratamientos. No hubo diferencia (P>0.05) en la producción de MS entre los pastos (117.4 kg/ha/día y 110.9 kg/ha/día para Mulato I y II, respectivamente) ni entre la aplicación del biofertilizante. El tratamiento con micorriza + T. harzianum tuvo el menor rendimiento (107.1 kg/ha/día). El contenido de FND (50.5%), FAD (29.2%) y DIVMO (60.3%) fueron similares en ambos pastos. El contenido de PC fue mayor en Mulato II (15.1%) que en Mulato I (29.2%). La absorción de nutrientes fue similar en ambos pastos, a excepción del zinc y nitrógeno.Palabras clave: Digestibilidad In Vitro de la Materia Orgánica (DIVMO); Fibra Ácido Detergente (FAD); Fibra Neutro Detergente (FND); Materia Seca (MS); Proteína Cruda (PC). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/ceiba.v47i1-2.444 Ceiba, 2006. Volumen 47(1-2):25-32
Las subespecies de Lonchocarpus rugosus Benth. (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae: Millettieae)
Authors: Sousa S. Mario 
Published: June 2011

Se consideran a cuatro subespecies para Lonchocarpus rugosus Benth., de ellas una es nueva para la ciencia y en otra se realiza una nueva combinación, todas se describen y se ilustran dos, la nueva para la ciencia y la combinación propuesta.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/ceiba.v49i1.302
Use of the one‐minute preceptor as a teaching tool in the gross anatomy laboratory
Authors: Chan Lap Ki , Wiseman Jeffrey 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe one‐minute preceptor (OMP) is a time‐efficient technique used for teaching in busy clinical settings. It consists of five microskills: (1) get a commitment from the student, (2) probe for supporting evidence, (3) reinforce what was done right, (4) correct errors and fill in omissions, and (5) teach a general rule. It can also be used to address structure‐identification questions in gross anatomy laboratory small‐group settings. The OMP is an active learner‐centered teaching approach that prepares students for a style of learning that they need to master in clinical settings, provides novice anatomy teachers with an efficient and effective teaching strategy, and moves anatomy learning beyond mere name tagging to active knowledge construction. Anat Sci Educ. © 2011 American Association of Anatomists.
Importance of adequate gross anatomy education: The impact of a structured pelvic anatomy course during gynecology fellowship
Authors: Heisler Christine Aminda 
Published: June 2011

AbstractMedical education underwent standardization at the turn of the 20th century and remained fairly consistent until recently. Incorporation of a patient‐centered or case‐based curriculum is believed to reinforce basic science concepts. One negative aspect is a reduction in hours spent with cadaveric dissection in the gross anatomy laboratory. For those entering a surgical career, limited anatomical exposure leaves knowledge deficits that must be corrected during further education during residency training. The benefit of providing formal anatomy education to residents and surgical fellows is described in the literature, specifically noting improvement in written test scores and surgical application. Anat Sci Educ. © 2011 American Association of Anatomists.
Attitudes to cadaveric organ donation in Irish preclinical medical students
Authors: Cahill Kevin C. , Ettarh Rajunor R. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThere is a worldwide shortage of organs for transplantation. It has been shown that the attitude of healthcare professionals can improve the rates of organ donation, and that educational programs aimed at improving both attitudes and knowledge base of professionals can have positive outcomes. Although there has been research carried out on this topic, there has been none in Ireland. Anatomy dissection can be a stressor to medical students—we investigate the attitudes of Irish students to organ donation and how they change with exposure to anatomy dissection. A questionnaire was administered to first year students in the School of Medicine in University College Dublin, Ireland, three times over a nine‐week period at the commencement of classes in an academic year. The attitudes of the students were positive throughout regarding organ donation by a stranger, a family member, or themselves. There was, however, a significant decrease in support for the donation of a family member's organs in a minority of students. Irish students' attitudes to postmortem organ donation are positive and are not changed by exposure to the dissecting room. There is support for the donation of organs, and willingness among students to donate their own organs and support donation by family members. Anat Sci Educ. © 2011 American Association of Anatomists.
Reactive ZrIV and HfIV Butterfly Peroxides on Polyoxometalate Surfaces: Bridging the Gap between Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Carraro Mauro , Nsouli Nadeen , Oelrich Holger , Sartorel Andrea , Sorarù Antonio , Mal Sib Sankar , Scorrano Gianfranco , Walder Lorenz , Kortz Ulrich , Bonchio Marcella 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAt variance with previously known coordination compounds, the polyoxometalate (POM)‐embedded ZrIV and HfIV peroxides with formula: [M2(O2)2(α‐XW11O39)2]12− (M=ZrIV, X=Si (1), Ge (2); M=HfIV, X=Si (3)) and [M6(O2)6(OH)6(γ‐SiW10O36)3]18− (M=ZrIV (4) or HfIV (5)) are capable of oxygen transfer to suitable acceptors including sulfides and sulfoxides in water. Combined 1H NMR and electrochemical studies allow monitoring of the reaction under both stoichiometric and catalytic conditions. The reactivity of peroxo‐POMs 1–5 is compared on the basis of substrate conversion and kinetic. The results show that the reactivity of POMs 1–3 outperforms that of the trimeric derivatives 4 and 5 by two orders of magnitude. Reversible peroxidation of 1–3 occurs by H2O2 addition to the spent catalysts, restoring oxidation rates and performance of the pristine system. The stability of 1–3 under catalytic regime has been confirmed by FT‐IR, UV/Vis, and resonance Raman spectroscopy. The reaction scope has been extended to alcohols, leading to the corresponding carbonyl compounds with yields up to 99 % under microwave (MW) irradiation. DFT calculations revealed that polyanions 1–3 have high‐energy peroxo HOMOs, and a remarkable electron density localized on the peroxo sites as indicated by the calculated map of the electrostatic potential (MEP). This evidence suggests that the overall description of the oxygen‐transfer mechanism should include possible protonation equilibria in water, favored for peroxo‐POMs 1–3.
Investigating Correlations and Variations of Air Pollutant Concentrations under Conditions of Rapid Industrialization – Kocaeli (1987–2009)
Authors: Doğruparmak Şenay Çetin , Özbay Bilge 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn this study, it was aimed to characterize temporal variations of air pollutants for determining contribution to pollution episodes and to obtain correlations between these pollutants. With this aim we used data analysis for measured sulfur dioxide (SO2), particulate matter (PM, black fume and PM10), nitrogen oxides (NOx), ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH4), and non‐methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) recorded in Kocaeli, one of the most industrilizated cities of Turkey. Pollutant concentrations were the results of continuous and semi‐automatic measurements. Semi‐automatic measurements of SO2 and PM (black fume) were enclosing period from 1987 to 2008 whereas continuous monitoring of all pollutants included years of 2007–2009. In the first stage of the study daily, monthly, annual, and seasonal variations of pollution were researched. Annual average concentrations were compared with limits set by Air Quality Protection Regulation (AQPR), Air Quality Evaluation and Management Regulation (AQEMR), World Health Organization (WHO), European Union (EU), and National Ambient Air Quality Standards (USEPA). In the following stage relationships between pollutants such as NO2–O3, NOx–CO, NOx–NMHC, and NOx–SO2 were investigated and correlation coefficients were determined as 0.87, 0.56, 0.51, and 0.69, respectively. R2 values of regression models developed from these correlations were 0.78, 0.56, 0.34, and 0.72, respectively. Vehicle density of the traffic was evaluated with NOx–O3 emissions and decrease was seen in NOx emissions due to decreasing vehicle density at weekends whereas O3 concentrations increased. These correlations enable prediction of the parameters that cannot be measured which is important for providing improvement in early warning systems.
Orally Active, Antimetastatic, Nontoxic Diphenyl Ether‐Derived Carbamoylphosphonate Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors
Authors: Frant Julia , Veerendhar Ainelly , Chernilovsky Tamir , Nedvetzki Shlomo , Vaksman Olga , Hoffman Amnon , Breuer Eli , Reich Reuven 
Published: June 2011

AbstractSeven 4‐phenoxybenzenesulfonamidopolymethylene carbamoylphosphonates (CPOs) bearing two to eight methylene units in the polymethylene chain were synthesized and evaluated as matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors. The five lowest homologues [(CH2)2−6] are selective MMP‐2 inhibitors, whereas the two with the longest linkers [(CH2)7, 8] lack inhibitory activity. The most potent homologues are those with (CH2)5, 6; these two were evaluated for antimetastatic activity in a murine melanoma model and showed good potency both by oral and intraperitoneal administration without any toxic—including musculoskeletal—side effects. In contrast to the previously reported cis‐ACCP, which was shown to inhibit MMP‐2 for ∼30 min, the new compounds inhibit MMP activity for the duration of measurement, lasting several hours. Pharmacokinetic evaluation revealed, on the one hand, low oral bioavailability; on the other hand, a relatively large calculated volume of distribution, consistent with the observed reversible absorption of CPO 5 to hydroxyapatite, as a model for bone.
Defect‐Assisted Covalent Binding of Graphene to an Amorphous Silica Surface: A Theoretical Prediction
Authors: Kweon Kyoung E. , Hwang Gyeong S. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe propose a mechanism for defect‐assisted covalent binding of graphene to the surface of amorphous silica (a‐SiO2) based on first‐principles density functional calculations. Our calculations show that a dioxasilirane group (DOSG) on a‐SiO2 may react with graphene to form two SiOC linkages with a moderate activation barrier (≈0.3 eV) and considerable exothermicity (≈1.0 eV). We also examine DOSG formation via the adduction of molecular O2 to a silylene center, which is an important surface defect in a‐SiO2, and briefly discuss modifications in the electronic structure of graphene upon the DOSG‐assisted chemical binding onto the a‐SiO2 surface.
Isolated Gramicidin Peptides Probed by IR Spectroscopy
Authors: Rijs Anouk M. , Kabeláč Martin , Abo‐Riziq Ali , Hobza Pavel , de Vries Mattanjah S. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe report double‐resonant IR/UV ion‐dip spectroscopy of neutral gramicidin peptides in the gas phase. The IR spectra of gramicidin A and C, recorded in both the 1000 cm−1 to 1800 cm−1 and the 2700 to 3750 cm−1 region, allow structural analysis. By studying this broad IR range, various local intramolecular interactions are probed, and complementary IR modes can be accessed. Ab initio quantum chemical calculations are used to support the interpretation of the experimental IR spectra. The comparison of the calculated frequencies with the experimental IR spectrum probed via the strong infrared absorptions of all the amide groups (NH stretch, CO stretch and NH bend), shows evidence for a helical structure in the gas phase, which is similar to that in the condensed phase. Additionally, we show that to improve the spectral resolution when studying large neutral molecular structures of the size of gramicidin, the use of heavier carrier gas could be advantageous.
Interaction of Atomic Clusters with Intense Attosecond Pulses
Authors: Gets A. V. , Krainov V. P. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe consider the interaction between intense attosecond electromagnetic pulses and the Van der Waals atomic clusters. The important conclusion has been made that the cross section for scattering of soft x‐ray by Xe clusters increases resonantly when the photon energy is of the order of 100‐150 eV. This phenomenon is explained by resonance excitation of the giant resonance at the collection oscillations of Xe atomic 4d‐shell (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Handedness for grasping objects and declarative pointing: A longitudinal study
Authors: Jacquet Anne‐Yvonne , Esseily Rana , Rider Delphine , Fagard Jacqueline 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIt is still unclear whether infants become right‐handed because of their left‐hemisphere specialization for language (through gestural communication for instance), whether they speak predominantly with their left hemisphere because of this hemisphere's superiority in controlling sequential actions which first results in right‐handedness, or whether the two lateralization processes develop independently. To tackle this question, we followed 26 human infants from 8 to 20 months to evaluate the temporal relationship between the emergence of hand preference for grasping objects and for declarative pointing (communicative gesture). Our results show that when grasping and pointing are compared in similar conditions, with objects presented in several spatial positions, the tendency to use the right hand is significantly larger for pointing than for grasping, and both hand preferences are loosely correlated. This suggests that, at least at the age studied here, hand preferences for grasping and for declarative pointing develop relatively independently. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 54:36–46, 2012.