bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Higher‐order XFEM for curved strong and weak discontinuities
Authors: Cheng Kwok Wah , Fries Thomas‐Peter 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe extended finite element method (XFEM) enables the accurate approximation of solutions with jumps or kinks within elements. Optimal convergence rates have frequently been achieved for linear elements and piecewise planar interfaces. Higher‐order convergence for arbitrary curved interfaces relies on two major issues: (i) an accurate quadrature of the Galerkin weak form for the cut elements and (ii) a careful formulation of the enrichment, which should preclude any problems in the blending elements. For (i), we employ a strategy of subdividing the elements into subcells with only one curved side. Reference elements that are higher‐order on only one side are then used to map the integration points to the real element. For (ii), we find that enrichments for strong discontinuities are easily extended to higher‐order accuracy. In contrast, problems in blending elements may hinder optimal convergence for weak discontinuities. Different formulations are investigated, including the corrected XFEM. Numerical results for several test cases involving strong or weak curved discontinuities are presented. Quadratic and cubic approximations are investigated. Optimal convergence rates are achieved using the standard XFEM for the case of a strong discontinuity. Close‐to‐optimal convergence rates for the case of a weak discontinuity are achieved using the corrected XFEM. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A finite element‐based level set method for structural optimization
Authors: Xing Xianghua , Wei Peng , Wang Michael Yu 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA finite element‐based level set method is implemented for structural optimization. The streamline diffusion finite element method is used for solving both the level set equation and the reinitialization equation. The lumped scheme is addressed and the accuracy is compared with the conventional finite difference‐based level set method. A Dirichlet boundary condition is enforced during the reinitialization to prevent the boundary from drifting. Numerical examples of minimum mean compliance design illustrate the reliability of the proposed optimization method. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A reinforcement learning‐based scheme for direct adaptive optimal control of linear stochastic systems
Authors: Wong Wee Chin , Lee Jay H. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractReinforcement learning where decision‐making agents learn optimal policies through environmental interactions is an attractive paradigm for model‐free, adaptive controller design. However, results for systems with continuous state and action variables are rare. In this paper, we present convergence results for optimal linear quadratic control of discrete‐time linear stochastic systems. This work can be viewed as a generalization of a previous work on deterministic linear systems. Key differences between the algorithms for deterministic and stochastic systems are highlighted through examples. The usefulness of the algorithm is demonstrated through a nonlinear chemostat bioreactor case study. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling viscoelastic properties of triblock copolymers: A DPD simulation study
Authors: Sliozberg Yelena R. , Andzelm Jan W. , Brennan John K. , Vanlandingham Mark R. , Pryamitsyn Victor , Ganesan Venkat 
Published: November 2009

AbstractGel systems based on self‐assembled, amphiphilic ABA triblock copolymers in midblock‐selective solvent form stable, spatially extended networks with controllable morphology and tunable viscoelastic behavior. In this work, we systematically evaluate the mechanical properties of these gels using morphology calculations, and a nonequilibrium oscillatory shear technique based on the dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) method. Our simulations demonstrate that low molecular weight triblock copolymers with incompatible blocks self‐assemble into micelles connected with bridges and loop‐like chains comprised of the solvent‐selective polymer midblocks. The fraction of bridges, ϕb, generally increases with increasing relative volume of the midblock, x, defined as the ratio of midblock and endblock volumes ($ x = {{V_{\rm B} } \over {V_{\rm A} }} $). For our model, ϕb reaches a plateau at approximately x > 9 for a strongly selective solvent. At this limit, the value of ϕb increases from 0.40 to about 0.66 as the copolymer concentration, c, increases from 0.2 to 0.5; however, this increase is less significant at higher concentrations. The elastic response of the gel studied here is comparable with the Rouse modulus. The elastic modulus increases with polymer concentration, and it exhibits a broad peak within 6 < x < 12. Finally, we present an approximate method to predict the elastic modulus of unentangled ABA triblock copolymers based solely on the morphology of the micellar gel, which can be gleaned from equilibrium DPD simulations. We demonstrate that our simulation results are in good qualitative agreement with other theoretical predictions and experimental data. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 15–25, 2010
Approximate trajectory tracking of input‐disturbed PVTOL aircraft with delayed attitude measurements
Authors: Zhu Bo , Wang Xinhua , Cai Kai‐Yuan 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we address the flight‐trajectory tracking problem of an input‐disturbed planar vertical take‐off and landing (PVTOL) aircraft with delayed attitude measurements. By applying the first‐order Padé approximation to deal with the time delay functions, the problem is reduced to the output tracking of a new non‐minimum‐phase system without delay. A tracking controller, consisting of a linear static‐state feedback term, a switching control term and a nonlinear auxiliary input term, is proposed for robust stabilization of the output‐tracking errors together with the internal dynamics. Numerical simulations are performed to show the main results. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polychronicity in top management teams: The impact on strategic decision processes and performance of new technology ventures
Authors: Souitaris Vangelis , Maestro B. M. Marcello 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis study focuses on polychronicity as a cultural dimension of top management teams (TMTs). TMT polychronicity is the extent to which team members mutually prefer and tend to engage in multiple tasks simultaneously or intermittently instead of one at a time and believe that this is the best way of doing things. We explore the impact of TMT polychronicity on strategic decision speed and comprehensiveness and, subsequently, its effect on new venture financial performance. Contrary to popular time‐management principles advocating task prioritization and focused sequential execution, we found that TMT polychronicity has a positive effect on firm performance in the context of dynamic unanalyzable environments. This effect is partially mediated by strategic decision speed and comprehensiveness. Our study contributes to research on strategic leadership by focusing on a novel value‐based characteristic of the TMT (polychronicity) and by untangling the decision‐making processes that relate TMT characteristics and firm performance. It also contributes to the attention‐based view of the firm by positioning polychronicity as a new type of attention structure. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Cytotoxicity of Y2O3 Nanoparticles of Various Morphologies
Authors: Andelman Tamar , Gordonov Simon , Busto Gabrielle , Moghe Prabhas V. , Riman Richard E. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
As the field of nanotechnology continues to grow, evaluating the cytotoxicity of nanoparticles is important in furthering their application within biomedicine. Here, we report the synthesis, characterization, and cytotoxicity of nanoparticles of different morphologies of yttrium oxide, a promising material for biological imaging applications. Nanoparticles of spherical, rod-like, and platelet morphologies were synthesized via solvothermal and hydrothermal methods and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), light scattering, surface area analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and zeta potential measurements. Nanoparticles were then tested for cytotoxicity with human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) cells, with the goal of elucidating nanoparticle characteristics that influence cytotoxicity. Cellular response was different for the different morphologies, with spherical particles exhibiting no cytotoxicity to HFF cells, rod-like particles increasing cell proliferation, and platelet particles markedly cytotoxic. However, due to differences in the nanoparticle chemistry as determined through the characterization techniques, it is difficult to attribute the cytotoxicity responses to the particle morphology. Rather, the cytotoxicity of the platelet sample appears due to the stabilizing ligand, oleylamine, which was present at higher levels in this sample. This study demonstrates the importance of nanoparticle chemistry on in vitro cytotoxicity, and highlights the general importance of thorough nanoparticle characterization as a prerequisite to understanding nanoparticle cytotoxicity.
A Fantastic Rain of Gold: European Migrants' Remittances and Balance of Payments Adjustment During the Gold Standard Period
Authors: Esteves Rui , Khoudour-Castéras David 
Published: November 2009

While the pre-1914 mass migrations have been widely studied, the related pattern of emigrants' remittances is still largely untouched. This article aims at filling this gap by analyzing the contribution of remittances to financial stability. In the optimum currency area theory, labor mobility can ease the adjustment mechanism for countries under fixed exchange rate regimes. We confirm this claim by showing that emigrants' remittances reduced the incidence of financial disturbances among a sample of emerging economies characterized by substantial emigration. This result underscores the benefits for emerging economies from opening up to international factor flows, despite the associated financial turbulence.“A fantastic rain of gold.” Thus observers in the decades between the nineteenth and the twentieth century described the influx of capital toward Italy generated by emigration remittances. These flows were spread piecemeal across the countryside of the entire peninsula, especially into the poorest regions of marginal mountain agriculture.1
Primary meningioma of the middle ear: case report
Authors: George M , Ikonomidis C , Pusztaszeri M , Monnier P 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjective:To report a rare case of primary meningioma of the middle ear.Method:We describe the case of a 55-year-old woman who presented with decreased hearing and fullness in the left ear, with a middle-ear mass. We also review the world literature regarding primary extracranial meningioma of the middle ear and its management.Results:Primary middle-ear meningioma, a rare clinical entity, was diagnosed in this patient based on an initial transmastoid biopsy. Magnetic resonance imaging with gadolinium enhancement excluded the presence of an intracranial component. Complete excision of the tumour was achieved using a combined approach tympanoplasty. The patient had an uneventful post-operative course.Conclusion:Meningiomas, although rare in the middle ear, need to be included in the differential diagnosis of middle-ear lesions presenting to the otolaryngologist. This case emphasises the management strategy required when dealing with a middle-ear mass.
Unilateral agenesis of middle nasal turbinate
Authors: Aydil U , Özçelik T 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjective:We present the first report of agenesis of the middle nasal turbinate.Method:We present a case report and briefly discuss the world literature.Results:A 57-year-old man presenting with sinonasal symptoms was evaluated clinically and radiologically. Agenesis of the patient's left middle turbinate was detected. Coronal computed tomography images showed a septal spur replacing the absent left middle turbinate.Conclusion:The lateral nasal wall has complex anatomy, and several anatomical variations have been reported. The most common anatomical variation of the middle nasal turbinate is concha bullosa. Unilateral agenesis of the middle nasal turbinate has not previously been reported; the presented patient represents the first reported case.
Growth rate and chemical features of the massive calcium carbonate skeleton of Petrobiona massiliana (Baeriida: Calcaronea: Calcispongiae)
Authors: Hermans Julie , Dubois Philippe , Andre Luc , Vacelet Jean , Willenz Philippe 
Published: November 2009

In addition to the spicules typically produced by sponges, about twenty hypercalcified species belonging to both classes Demospongiae and Calcispongiae secrete a massive basal calcareous skeleton composed of calcite or aragonite. Skeletal growth rates and growth mechanisms are still poorly known in those hypercalcified Calcispongiae. In situ calcein staining experimentation on the Mediterranean calcisponge Petrobiona massiliana revealed a mean annual growth rate of the massive skeleton of 236 µm/y (±90). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that some spicules are entrapped within the massive skeleton (a solid mass forming apical crests with multidirectional growth axes) during its formation. Whole actines were observed within the massive skeleton of fractured specimens, indicating that they do not dissolve after entrapping. Calcein incorporation bands seen through epifluorescence microscopy and SEM morphological observations of the skeletal surface revealed cone shaped protuberances corresponding to active growth areas. A spatially discontinuous growth was highlighted, but the annual growth rates were similar at the tip of crests and at the bottom of depressions separating them. The skeleton of P. massiliana is composed of magnesium calcite with strontium as the main trace element. Significant differences in skeletal chemistry of specimens collected in different Mediterranean locations revealed a possible temperature dependence of Mg/Ca. Although such temperature signature exists in the massive skeleton of P. massiliana, its use as an accurate environmental recorder is limited by several factors including multidirectional and spatially discontinuous growth.
Bathyal benthic fauna of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between the Azores and the Reykjanes Ridge
Authors: Gebruk Andrey V. , Budaeva Nataliya E. , King Nicola J. 
Published: November 2009

The composition, taxonomic structure and distribution patterns of bathyal benthic fauna of the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge between the Azores and the southern tip of the Reykjanes Ridge were studied from specimens collected on the ‘G.O. Sars MAR–ECO’ expedition in July 2004. Material was obtained from 16 Campelen 1800 trawls taken north of the Azores (42°N) and in two areas around the Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone (CGFZ) (51°N and 53°N) at depths 1237–3527 m. A total of 192 species were recorded. Overall the MAR–ECO benthic fauna was dominated by echinoderms (49.5% of the total species sampled), sponges (18.2%) and anthozoans (16.7%). Between-station species similarity was analysed using non-metric multidimensional scaling. Our analysis revealed differences between stations from the CGFZ and the Azorean regions. Stations from the Azores formed one cluster whereas stations from the CGFZ separated into two groups related to depth: stations from depths 1263 m to 1916 m and those from 2350 m to 3512 m. The taxonomic structure of the bathyal fauna was also different in the Azores than in the CGFZ areas. At the CGFZ, taxa with the highest percentage of species present were different above and below the 2000 m bathymetric contour, in contrast close to the Azores taxa with the highest percentage of species were the same shallower and deeper than 2000 m. Our results point at turnover in benthic bathyal fauna between the Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone and the Azores, which could be related to the presence of the Sub-Polar Front.
Birds in concert: North American birdsong in Bartók's Piano Concerto No. 3
Authors: Harley Maria Anna 
Published: November 2009

On 22 April 1944 Béla Bartók wrote to his son, Peter:Spring has now indisputably arrived. A kind of ‘kutyafa’ (dogwood) is in bloom, like acacias flowering at home. The birds have become completely drunk with the spring and are putting on concerts the like of which I've never heard. They start with puty-puty-puty ./../../. and end up with various new bird sounds (clearly from later arrivals). Thekeeps on creating more and more variants.
Gerhard, electronic music and King Lear
Authors: Cholij Irena 
Published: November 2009

Between 1947 and 1962 Roberto Gerhard contributed incidental music to eight Shakespeare plays for the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre (later Royal Shakespeare Company). Of these, easily the most controversial was George Devine's production King Lear for the Stratford Touring Company in 1955. A far cry from his very traditional The Taming of the Shrew (1953) and still relatively ‘safe’ A Midsummer Night's Dream (1954) – for both of which Gerhard also composed music – this was a thoroughly modern production. The sets and costumes were designed by the American sculptor Isamu Noguchi (of mixed American and Japanese parentage), and were his first theatre designs. The rationale behind the production was set out in the programme:Our object in this production has been to find a setting and costumes which would be free of historical or decorative associations so that the timeless, universal and mythical quality of the story may be clear. We have tried to present the places and the characters in a very simple and basic manner, for the play to come to life through the words and the acting.
Composer in Interview: Giya Kancheli
Authors: Ashby Arved , Mazo Margarita 
Published: November 2009

Q: Does your music sound differently since you left Georgia?GIYA KANCHELI: Not only because I left Georgia, but because times changed, the situation changed, the political situation changed. All of this makes itself felt. Right now it is a very difficult time for Georgia, and for almost all of the former Soviet republics, including Russia. All of that means a lot to me, I am not indifferent to what is going on there. I feel as though I've never left Georgia: physically I am in Antwerp, a beautiful city, but at the same time I am ‘there’, in my house, with my friends, and with our and my problems. I have one composition called Abii ne viderem, which I was working on during the civil war in Georgia, in Tbilisi. I gave it such a name because in Latin it means ‘I departed, lest I see’. And even after titling this piece so, I couldn't ‘depart’ for anywhere, I was still there. That is why the music couldn't be the same.… In the 1980s there was one situation, in the 1970s another, but in the 1990s everything has changed, and because of that the music has changed.
Vítězslava Kaprálová: a remarkable voice in 20th-century Czech Music
Authors: Gates Eugene , Hartl Karla 
Published: November 2009

It was with enormous pride in the achievements of his 23-year-old protégé Vítězslava Kaprálová that Bohuslav Martinů wrote the following in his review of the 1938 International Society for Contemporary Music (ISCM) Festival, held in London:The very first item on the programme of the Festival was Military Sinfouictta by Vitězslava Kaprálová – an opening with great promise for both the festival and the composer. Her performance was awaited with interest as well as some curiosity – a girl with a baton is quite an unusual phenomenon – and when our ‘little girl conductor’ (as the English newspapers called her) appeared before the orchestra, she was welcomed by a supportive audience. She stood before the orchestra with great courage and both her composition and performance earned her respect and applause from the excellent BBC orchestra, the audience, and the critics. … Kaprálová's international debut is a success, promising and encouraging.
Aaron Copland, Emily Dickinson, and the Noise in the Pool at Noon
Authors: Mellers Wilfrid 
Published: November 2009

Aaron Copland was an urban American Jew of Russian extraction born – as he memorably remarked –on November 14 1900 on a street in Brooklyn that can only be described as drab. It had none of the garish colour of the ghetto, none of the charm of an old New England thoroughfare, or even a pioneer street. It fills me with mild wonder every time I realize that a musician was born on that street. Music was the last thing anyone would ever have connected with that street. In fact, no one ever had connected music with my family or that street. The idea was entirely original with me.
Incognito: Berthold Goldschmidt (1903–96)
Authors: Drew David 
Published: November 2009

When Goldschmidt visited the USA for the first (and last) time 13 years ago, he was quite unknown there, and arrived unheralded. He had recently celebrated his 80th birthday, but only with friends: in his native Germany he still counted for nothing, and in England, which had been his home since 1935, he was known to a few professional colleagues, admired and loved by a handful, and dismissed or ignored by the rest. As a ‘failure’ perhaps? Not even that.Yet his bearing in those times might already have been taken for that of some illustrious figure constrained to travel incognito while in possession of secrets unknown to the world's governments or their corporate overlords; and that, indeed, was precisely what he was, and how in his last years the continent of Europe began to discover him – much to his amused and delighted astonishment.
Universal Messages: Reflections in Conversation with Günter Wolter
Authors: Volkov Solomon 
Published: November 2009

(This interview with the editor of Testimony took place in New York in 1995, in connexion with the twentieth anniversary of Dmitri Shostakovich's death, and is published here in English for the first time.)Günter Wolter: Mr Volkov, how would you describe the acceptance or importance of Shostakovich's music since 1979? Has there been any significant change as a reaction to the publishing of ‘Testimony’.Solomon Volkov: Generally speaking, there was a rather drastic increase in Shostakovich's position on the musical scene of the 20th century. But it is very difficult for me to assess the particular importance in this process of the publication of Testimony because, if you are realistic, you understand that no single book, and no single performance could change the fate of a composer. But it could be part of a much broader process, and this process of change certainly occurred in the case of Shostakovich.
The String Quartets of Iannis Xenakis
Authors: Harley James 
Published: November 2009

He clung to the few experiences he had shared with her: the gift of a flute whose sounds had astonished him, her wish that he should enjoy music and especially play the cello. He refused to let her go.If the tenderness of Anton Webern's musical expression at the loss of his mother is difficult for some listeners to hear in his scores, how much more so for the iconoclastic music of Iannis Xenakis? Be that as it may, Matossian's revelation of this intimate memory from his childhood provides a clue to the composer's attraction to the cello, and, by extension, to the chamber string genre, particularly the string quartet. This perhaps surprising personal inspiration is reinforced in the recently published interviews with Bálint András Varga.
Grieg, Delius, Grainger and a Norwegian Cuckoo
Authors: Hold Trevor 
Published: November 2009

The feeling of nature I think is what I like so much in Grieg's best things. You have it too & I think we all 3 have something in common.Delius to Grainger, 10 June 1907.Spring always means for me a longing for Norway.Delius to Grainger, January 1914.A ‘Norwegian Cuckoo’? Well perhaps not Norwegian literally, but certainly figuratively. Perhaps, as we shall see, nothing more than an accidental cadence. Delius thought so, even if Grieg didn't; and it was probably Grainger who inadvertently acted as the go-between.