bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘I don't even know what gender is’: a discussion of the connections between gender, gender mainstreaming and feminist theory
Authors: ZALEWSKI MARYSIA 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn this article I discuss some of the connections between gender, gender mainstreaming and feminist theory. As a global initiative, gender mainstreaming is now well established; but the role of feminism and feminists in achieving this success is questionable. Some, including Harvard Law Professor Janet Halley claim that feminists, particularly in the realm of governance feminism, have been extremely successful. Yet despite this success Halley invites us to ‘take a break from feminism’. I consider this political and intellectual invitation in this article in order to shed some light on the relationship between gender mainstreaming and feminism but also to probe what Robyn Wiegman refers to as a ‘critical incomprehension’ around feminism. My discussion includes a brief analysis of the imagery used in documentation relating to the United Kingdom's Gender Equality Duty Legislation; the latter a contemporary example of a legislative attempt to properly mainstream gender. In conclusion I return to the Halley's invitation to ‘take a break from feminism’ and introduce, by way of contrast, Angela McRobbie's recent discussion of post-feminism ultimately suggesting that we might see Halley's call, as well as the popularity (and ‘failures’) of gender mainstreaming as examples of post-feminist practice.

Image 1.Pop-art images advertising the ‘Gender Agenda’ on the Internet {http://www.gender-agenda.co.uk/} which is part of the UK's legislation on gender equality produced by the UK's Equality and Human Rights Commission (formerly the Equal Opportunities Commission).If you look around the United States, Canada, the European Union, the human rights establishment, even the World Bank, you see plenty of places where feminism, far from operating underground, is running things.1Any force as powerful as feminism must find itself occasionally looking down at its own bloody hands.2
Looking local, finding global: paradoxes of gender mainstreaming in the Scottish Executive
Authors: WITTMAN AMANDA 
Published: January 2010

AbstractGender mainstreaming is portrayed as the next step in the global gender equality landscape and has been widely adopted internationally in a variety of governments and political organisations. However, the radical potential of gender mainstreaming to transform organisations has not been fulfilled. In this article, I explore three paradoxes which are inherent in the intent, implementation and institutionalisation of gender mainstreaming. I argue that we cannot fully understand these global paradoxes without a better understanding of local experiences which underpin them in the everyday working lives of those people involved in advocating gender mainstreaming. Using results from an institutional ethnography of the implementation of the Gender Equality Duty by gender mainstreaming advocates in the Scottish Executive, I show that bureaucratic practices, fossilised norms and the continued reliance on soft measures to promote mainstreaming are reflections at the local level of barriers to the advancement of global gender mainstreaming. By taking seriously the local practices and knowledge of those who do gender mainstreaming, we can reflect on the inherent tensions within gender mainstreaming that prohibit its ability to truly transform the gender landscape at both the local and global level.
Global norms, domestic institutions and the transformation of immigration policy in Canada and the US
Authors: TRIADAFILOPOULOS TRIADAFILOS 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis article examines the liberalisation of immigration policy in Canada and the US in the post-World War II era. I argue that shifting norms pertaining to race, ethnicity, and human rights cast longstanding discriminatory policies in Canada and the US in a highly critical light. Opponents of racially discriminatory immigration policies exploited this shift in normative contexts to highlight the disjuncture between Canada and the US’ postwar commitments to liberal norms and human rights, on the one hand, and their extant policy regimes, on the other. The resulting pressure set in motion comparable processes of policy stretching and unravelling, which culminated in policy shifting in the mid-1960s. Policy shifting was, however, subject to very different political dynamics. Whereas Canada's institutional configuration granted the executive branch and bureaucracy a high degree of autonomy that enabled experimentation, the greater openness of the American political system led to a more politicised process, marked by compromises and deal-making. Thus while changing norms prompted the liberalisation of immigration policies in both countries, differences in their domestic political contexts resulted in very different admissions regimes.
Output feedback sliding mode control for robot manipulators
Authors: Islam Shafiqul , Liu Peter X. 
Published: January 2010

SUMMARYIn this work, we propose an output feedback sliding mode control (SMC) method for trajectory tracking of robotic manipulators. The design process has two steps. First, we design a stable SMC controller by assuming that all state variables are available. Then, an output feedback version of this SMC design is presented, which incorporates a model-free linear observer to estimate unknown velocity signals. We then show that the tracking performance under the output feedback design can asymptotically converge to the performance achieved under state-feedback-based SMC design. A detailed stability analysis is given, which shows semi-global uniform ultimate boundedness property of all the closed-loop signals. The proposed method is implemented and evaluated on a robotic system to illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretical development.
Serosurveillance study on transmission of H5N1 virus during a 2006 avian influenza epidemic
Authors: CEYHAN M. , YILDIRIM I. , FERRARIS O. , BOUSCAMBERT-DUCHAMP M. , FROBERT E. , UYAR N. , TEZER H. , ONER A. F. , BUZGAN T. , TORUNOGLU M. A. , OZKAN B. , YILMAZ R. , KURTOGLU M. G. , LALELI Y. , BADUR S. , LINA B. 
Published: January 2010

SUMMARYIn 2006 an outbreak of avian influenza A(H5N1) in Turkey caused 12 human infections, including four deaths. We conducted a serological survey to determine the extent of subclinical infection caused by the outbreak. Single serum samples were collected from five individuals with avian influenza whose nasopharyngeal swabs tested positive for H5 RNA by polymerase chain reaction, 28 family contacts of the cases, 95 poultry cullers, 75 individuals known to have had contact with diseased chickens and 81 individuals living in the region with no known contact with infected chickens and/or patients. Paired serum samples were collected from 97 healthcare workers. All sera were tested for the presence of neutralizing antibodies by enzyme-linked immunoassay, haemagglutination inhibition and microneutralization assays. Only one serum sample, from a parent of an avian influenza patient, tested positive for H5N1 by microneutralization assay. This survey shows that there was minimal subclinical H5N1 infection among contacts of human cases and infected poultry in Turkey in 2006. Further, the low rate of subclinical infection following contact with diseased poultry gave further support to the reported low infectivity of the virus.
Comparison of three time-series models for predicting campylobacteriosis risk
Authors: WEISENT J. , SEAVER W. , ODOI A. , ROHRBACH B. 
Published: January 2010

SUMMARYThree time-series models (regression, decomposition, and Box–Jenkins autoregressive integrated moving averages) were applied to national surveillance data for campylobacteriosis with the goal of disease forecasting in three US states. Datasets spanned 1998–2007 for Minnesota and Oregon, and 1999–2007 for Georgia. Year 2008 was used to validate model results. Mean absolute percent error, mean square error and coefficient of determination (R2) were the main evaluation fit statistics. Results showed that decomposition best captured the temporal patterns in disease risk. Training datasetR2values were 72·2%, 76·3% and 89·9% and validation yearR2values were 66·2%, 52·6% and 79·9% respectively for Georgia, Oregon and Minnesota. All three techniques could be utilized to predict monthly risk of infection forCampylobactersp. However, the decomposition model provided the fastest, most accurate, user-friendly method. Use of this model can assist public health personnel in predicting epidemics and developing disease intervention strategies.
Antioxidant responses ofin vitroshoots ofDeschampsia antarcticato Polyethylene glycol treatment
Authors: Zamora Pablo , Rasmussen Susana , Pardo Ariel , Prieto Humberto , Zúñiga Gustavo E. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractTo understand the adaptability to environmental stresses byDeschampsia antarctica, one of the two vascular plants growing in Antarctica, we analysed the activity of several antioxidant enzymes, including peroxidase (POD, EC 1.11.1.7), ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11), catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6)) and glutathion reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2), in shoots subjected to drought stress (PEG-8000, -0.3 MPa). Additionally, levels of total phenolic compounds, flavonoids and ascorbate, were determined. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA), chlorophyll and hydrogen peroxide did not change as a result of PEG-8000 treatment. In addition, treated plants showed higher enzymatic activity of CAT, POD and GR in shoots than control plants. In addition, a high capacity to scavenge free radicals was also detected in stressed plants. These results seem to indicate that inD. antarcticatolerance of drought stress is associated with enhanced activity of antioxidant enzymes and free radical scavenging capacity.
Considerations for Prenatal Counselling of Patients with Cardiac Rhabdomyomas based on their Cardiac and Neurologic Outcomes
Authors: Degueldre Sabrina C. , Chockalingam Priya , Mivelaz Yvan , Di Bernardo Stefano , Pfammatter Jean-Pierre , Barrea Catherine , Sekarski Nicole , Jeannet Pierre-Yves , Fouron Jean-Claude , Vial Yvan , Meijboom Erik J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractCardiac rhabdomyomas are benign cardiac tumours with few cardiac complications, but with a known association to tuberous sclerosis that affects the neurologic outcome of the patients. We have analysed the long-term cardiac and neurological outcomes of patients with cardiac rhabdomyomas in order to allow comprehensive prenatal counselling, basing our findings on the records of all patients seen prenatally and postnatally with an echocardiographic diagnosis of cardiac rhabdomyoma encountered from August, 1982, to September, 2007. We analysed factors such as the number and the location of the tumours to establish their association with a diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis, predicting the cardiac and neurologic outcomes for the patients.Cardiac complications include arrhythmias, obstruction of the ventricular outflow tracts, and secondary cardiogenic shock. Arrhythmias were encountered most often during the neonatal period, with supraventricular tachycardia being the commonest rhythm disturbance identified. No specific dimension or location of the cardiac rhabdomyomas predicted the disturbances of rhythm.The importance of the diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis is exemplified by the neurodevelopmental complications, with four-fifths of the patients showing epilepsy, and two-thirds having delayed development. The presence of multiple cardiac tumours suggested a higher risk of being affected by tuberous sclerosis. The tumours generally regress after birth, and cardiac-related problems are rare after the perinatal period. Tuberous sclerosis and the associated neurodevelopmental complications dominate the clinical picture, and should form an important aspect of the prenatal counselling of parents.
HEYDE’S CHARACTERIZATION THEOREM FOR DISCRETE ABELIAN GROUPS
Authors: MYRONYUK MARGARYTA 
Published: January 2010

AbstractLet X be a countable discrete abelian group with automorphism group Aut(X). Let ξ1 and ξ2 be independent X-valued random variables with distributions μ1 and μ2, respectively. Suppose that α1,α2,β1,β2∈Aut(X) and β1α−11±β2α−12∈Aut(X). Assuming that the conditional distribution of the linear form L2 given L1 is symmetric, where L2=β1ξ1+β2ξ2 and L1=α1ξ1+α2ξ2, we describe all possibilities for the μj. This is a group-theoretic analogue of Heyde’s characterization of Gaussian distributions on the real line.
Outlook vs. Futures: Three Decades of Evidence in Hog and Cattle Markets
Authors: Colino Evelyn V. , Irwin Scott H. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe accuracy of hog and cattle price forecasts from four outlook programs is compared with forecasts derived from futures markets. Most of the series begin in the mid to late 1970s and end in 2007. Root mean squared error (RMSE) comparisons indicate the difference between outlook and futures RMSE is relatively small in most cases. In directional terms, outlook forecasts beat futures prices only 2 out of 11 times in hogs, and 1 out of 7 times in cattle. However, the null hypothesis that futures encompasses outlook is rejected in 5 of 11 cases for hogs, and 4 of 7 cases for cattle.
Semiparametric Estimation of Consumer Demand Systems with Micro Data
Authors: Sam Abdoul G. , Zheng Yi 
Published: January 2010

AbstractMaximum likelihood and two‐step estimators of censored demand systems yield biased and inconsistent parameter estimates when the assumed joint distribution of disturbances is incorrect. This paper proposes a semiparametric estimator that retains the computational advantage of the two‐step approach but is immune to distributional misspecification. The key difference between the proposed estimator and the two‐step estimator is that the parameters of the binary censoring equations are estimated using a distribution‐free single‐index model. We implement the proposed estimator using household‐level data obtained from the Hainan province in China. specification test lends support to our approach.
Is Expected Utility Theory Applicable? A Revealed Preference Test
Authors: Just David R. , Peterson Hikaru Hanawa 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe proffer a method to assess the adequacy of expected utility theory (EUT) in empirical studies involving discrete and continuous choices. The method calibrates a utility function to revealed choices and rejects EUT for absurd degrees of implied concavity over the wealth at risk. We find EUT rejections in cases where risk‐averse choices are made between gambles with similar stakes, regardless of their absolute sizes. EUT is shown to be applicable only when expected payoffs of gambles are similar, or when more than half of wealth is at risk. We illustrate our method with an application to agricultural production.
Optimal Harvest Licensing When Harvest Success Is Uncertain
Authors: Hussain Abul Maala Tanvir , Tschirhart John 
Published: January 2010

AbstractOptimal harvests using individual licenses are determined given that a licensee's probabilities of procuring a license and harvesting successfully are less than one. Probabilities are dependent on the resource stock and the number of licenses, and licensees benefit from the harvesting experience itself. Recreational fishing and hunting are applications. The optimum stock may be greater or less than the maximum sustained yield stock, and investing in more stock decreases licenses but increases licensees' success. The optima depend on whether the license agency views applicants as dedicated or social, where the latter are relatively more interested in procuring a license than in a successful harvest.
A National, Longitudinal Study of the Effects of Concentrated Hog Production on Ambient Air Pollution
Authors: Sneeringer Stacy 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe Environmental Protection Agency is considering regulation of large‐scale hog producers under the federal Clean Air Act, but little is understood about livestock's effects on ambient air quality at the national level. I use the geographic changes in swine industry concentration between 1980 and 2002 to identify ambient air pollution attributable to this industry, controlling for numerous other factors. Doubling the number of hogs per square mile yields a 6.6% increase in sulfur‐based ambient air pollution. Externality costs are estimated to be greater than possible regulatory requirements, suggesting societal gains from regulation.
Polysomatic apatites
Authors: Baikie Tom , Pramana Stevin S. , Ferraris Cristiano , Huang Yizhong , Kendrick Emma , Knight Kevin S. , Ahmad Zahara , White T. J. 
Published: January 2010

Certain complex structures are logically regarded as intergrowths of chemically or topologically discrete modules. When the proportions of these components vary systematically a polysomatic series is created, whose construction provides a basis for understanding defects, symmetry alternation and trends in physical properties. Here, we describe the polysomatic familyA5NB3NO9N + 6XNδ(2 ≤N≤ ∞) that is built by condensingNapatite modules (A5B3O18Xδ) in configurations to createBnO3n + 1(1 ≤n≤ ∞) tetrahedral chains. Hydroxyapatite [Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2] typifies a widely studied polysome whereN= 2 and the tetrahedra are isolated inA10(BO4)6X2compounds, butN= 3A15(B2O7)3(BO4)3X3(ganomalite) andN= 4A20(B2O7)6X4(nasonite) are also known, with theXsite untenanted or partially occupied as required for charge balance. The apatite modules, while topologically identical, are often compositionally or symmetrically distinct, and an infinite number of polysomes is feasible, generally with the restriction being that anA:B= 5:3 cation ratio be maintained. The end-members are theN= 2 polysome with all tetrahedra separated, andN= ∞, in which the hypothetical compoundA5B3O9Xcontains infinite, corner-connected tetrahedral strings. The principal characteristics of a polysome are summarized using the nomenclatureapatite-(A B X)-NS, whereA/B/Xare the most abundant species in these sites,Nis the number of modules in the crystallographic repeat, andSis the symmetry symbol (usuallyH,T,MorA). This article examines the state-of-the-art in polysomatic apatite synthesis and crystallochemical design. It also presents X-ray and neutron powder diffraction investigations for several polysome chemical series and examines the prevalence of stacking disorder by electron microscopy. These insights into the structure-building principles of apatite polysomes will guide their development as functional materials.
Encounters between foreigners and Chinese
Authors: Yean Yng Ling Florence , Ming Hsia Ang Amber , Su Yu Lim Shallene 
Published: January 2010

PurposeThe aim of this research is to investigate how foreign (non‐mainland Chinese) architectural, engineering and construction (AEC) professionals manage cross‐cultural encounters with mainland Chinese in the construction industry. The specific objectives are to identify perceived cultural differences between Chinese and foreigners when executing construction projects, based on the perceptions of foreign personnel only; and recommend a framework to manage cross‐cultural encounters between foreigners and Chinese.Design/methodology/approachThe data collection instrument was a questionnaire, which had open‐ended questions. The data collection method was face‐to‐face in‐depth interviews with 19 foreign AEC practitioners who had worked with Chinese in construction projects in mainland China. The majority of these projects were located in Shanghai.FindingsThe main perceived differences were: the absence of team spirit in Chinese staff; the need to micro‐manage Chinese staff; the lack of initiative in Chinese staff; difficulty in communicating with Chinese staff; the absence of trust among the Chinese and by Chinese of foreigners; Chinese firms' attempts at recovery of under‐pricing following contract award; ease of settling disputes with Chinese; lack of safety and quality culture; and prevalence of networking culture. Several methods to manage cross‐cultural encounters are identified. Among these, most of the interviewees practiced adaptability, mimicry and mindfulness, which involved paying attention, being watchful and attentive. They also relied on their knowledge and experience of Chinese culture.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings may not be readily generalized because interviews were conducted with only 19 foreign AEC professionals, many of who are from Singapore and had worked primarily in Shanghai. The small number of interviewees may be unrepresentative of the population.Practical implicationsForeign firms could use the findings to help them decide on some of the methods to overcome cultural differences.Originality/valueThe research proposed a framework for foreign firms to use when managing cross‐cultural encounters with Chinese. It recommends different measures to manage cross‐cultural encounters between foreigners and Chinese.
Organizational culture: the case of Turkish construction industry
Authors: Oney‐Yazıcı Ela , Giritli Heyecan , Topcu‐Oraz Gulfer , Acar Emrah 
Published: January 2010

PurposeThe main stimulus of this study is to examine the cultural profile of construction organizations within the context of Turkish construction industry.Design/methodology/approachThis study is a part of a cross‐cultural research, initiated by CIB W112 (Working Commission W112 of the International Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction), concurrently ongoing in 15 different countries. Data were collected from 107 contracting and 27 architectural firms, by means of a questionnaire based on OCAI (Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument), a well‐known and widely used measurement tool developed by Cameron and Quinn (1999).FindingsThe findings show that the Turkish construction industry has been dominated by firms with a mixture of clan and hierarchy cultures. In addition, the analysis reported here indicates cultural differences at organizational level in terms of firm type, size, and age.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the understanding of organizational culture in the construction industry by providing empirical evidence from the Turkish construction industry. As future research direction, it highlights the need of a cross‐cultural comparison among different countries, and an investigation of the effects of cultural profiles of the organizational members on organizational culture.
Integration of information and communication technology
Authors: Gajendran Thayaparan , Brewer Graham 
Published: January 2010

PurposeAlthough the deployment of information and communication technology (ICT) in the construction industry is widespread recent research indicates that the surrounding contextual issues hinder its successful application in many project settings. This paper aims to develop a framework for the analysis of organisational culture in respect of ICT implementation across an organisation in the construction industry.Design/methodology/approachAn re‐analysis of critical success factors (CSF) for ICT integration, identified through data from a Delphi study of industry experts and a questionnaire survey of ICT users, using Martin's three‐perspective framework applying both the functional and non‐functional approaches to cultural analysis was conducted.FindingsThe research revealed the theoretical dimensions and properties of organisational culture that influence CSFs for ICT integration in construction projects teams. This paper concludes by highlighting the influence of the organisation's culture, manifested though the nature and extent of shared understanding, on the likely success of ICT implementation.Originality/valueThe deployment of ICT without appropriate consideration of contextual issues, in particular, organisational culture, will be likely to generate disappointing results. The framework presented in this paper provides a rigorous foundation for consideration of such issues.