bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solvatochromic shift of the π → π* transition in all‐trans, cis‐13, cis‐11, cis‐9, and cis‐7 retinal isomers induced by water and methanol
Authors: López‐Castillo Alejandro , Borin Antonio Carlos 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe solvatochromic shift of the lowest singlet π → π* electronic transition in the all‐trans, cis‐13, cis‐11, cis‐9, and cis‐7 retinal isomers were computed under the influence of water, methanol, and benzene solvents. Excitation energies were calculated in gas phase and in solution. The calculations in solution were performed considering the sequential Monte Carlo (MC) /Quantum Mechanical approach. The MC simulations were performed considering the full retinal isomer molecules and 900 water molecules, 900 methanol, or 400 benzene ones. The OPLS/AA parametrization was chosen for retinal, methanol, and benzene molecules and the SPC model was used for water one. From the MC calculations 100 independent configurations were selected, with 100 solvent molecules in thermodynamical equilibrium at T = 298.15 K. Average point‐charges were obtained from those independent configurations for water, methanol, and benzene solvent. TDDFT and CASSCF//CASPT2 methodologies were used to compute the vertical excitation energy of the retinal isomers in different environment. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010
Goal‐oriented customization of software cockpits
Authors: Heidrich Jens , Münch Jürgen 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSoftware cockpits, also known as Software Project Control Centers, support the management and controlling of software and system development projects and provide means for quantitative, measurement‐based project control. Currently, many companies are developing simple control dashboards that are mainly based on Spreadsheet applications. Alternatively, they use solutions providing a fixed set of project control functionalities that cannot be sufficiently customized to their specific needs and goals. Specula is a systematic approach for defining reusable, customizable control components and instantiating them according to different organizational goals and characteristics based on the Quality Improvement Paradigm (QIP) and the Goal Question Metric (GQM) approach. This article gives an overview of the Specula approach, including the basic conceptual model, goal‐oriented composition of control centers based on explicitly stated measurement goals and a conceptual architecture supporting the approach. Related approaches are discussed, a practical usage example is given, and evaluation results from using Specula as part of industrial case studies are presented. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Sequential Expression of CD40 and Icam2 Defines Progressive Steps in the Formation of Blood Precursors from the Mesoderm Germ Layer
Authors: Pearson Stella , Lancrin Christophe , Lacaud Georges , Kouskoff Valerie 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
During embryogenesis, the hematopoietic program is specified from the mesodermal germ layer through the formation of hemangioblast. This precursor gives rise to a hemogenic endothelium that later on matures to generate primitive and definitive hematopoietic precursors. A lack of specific cell surface markers to identify cells with discrete developmental potential is a major hurdle in the quest to further understand the cellular and molecular program governing blood formation. In the present study, we identify CD40 and Icam2, two markers typically associated with the adult immunological compartment, as expressed at the earliest stages of blood specification both in vitro and in vivo. Using in vitro serum-free culture conditions that support the efficient and directed differentiation of embryonic stem cells, we show that the sequential expression of CD40 and Icam2 delineate a transition in the acquisition of the blood potential from hemangioblast to hemogenic endothelium leading to the formation of primitive and definitive hematopoietic progenitors. CD40 is transiently expressed at the onset of blood development and marks first the hemangioblast then the hemogenic endothelium but is no longer expressed on fully committed hematopoietic precursors within the fetal liver. In contrast, Icam2 is first expressed on the hemogenic endothelium and its expression persists on fetal liver hematopoietic progenitors. Taken together, our data identify novel cell surface markers allowing us to further refine our understanding of the events marking progressive hematopoietic commitment from the mesoderm germ layer.
The CD10 Enzyme Is a Key Player to Identify and Regulate Human Mammary Stem Cells
Authors: Bachelard-Cascales Elodie , Chapellier Marion , Delay Emmanuel , Pochon Gaetan , Voeltzel Thibault , Puisieux Alain , Caron de Fromentel Claude , Maguer-Satta Véronique 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe major components of the mammary ductal tree are an inner layer of luminal cells, an outer layer of myoepithelial cells, and a basement membrane that separates the ducts from the underlying stroma. Cells in the outer layer express CD10, a zinc-dependent metalloprotease that regulates the growth of the ductal tree during mammary gland development. To define the steps in the human mammary lineage at which CD10 acts, we have developed an in vitro assay for human mammary lineage progression. We show that sorting for CD10 and EpCAM cleanly separates progenitors from differentiated luminal cells and that the CD10-high EpCAM-low population is enriched for early common progenitor and mammosphere-forming cells. We also show that sorting for CD10 enriches sphere-forming cells from other tissue types, suggesting that it may provide a simple tool to identify stem or progenitor populations in tissues for which lineage studies are not currently possible. We demonstrate that the protease activity of CD10 and the adhesion function of β1-integrin are required to prevent differentiation of mammary progenitors. Taken together, our data suggest that integrin-mediated contact with the basement membrane and cleavage of signaling factors by CD10 are key elements in the niche that maintains the progenitor and stem cell pools in the mammary lineage.
Electron‐beam irradiation of blends of polypropylene with recycled acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber
Authors: Ismail H. , Galpaya D. , Ahmad Z. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractOne‐mm thick sheets were prepared from blends of polypropylene and recycled acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber (rNBR) with different blend ratios. Trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) was used as a co‐agent. Electron‐beam‐initiated cross‐linking of the sheets was carried out at a dose of 40 kGy, and 3 phr of TMPTA based on the weight of rNBR was used. Properties such as tensile strength, Young's modulus, elongation at break, swelling percentage in oil, and morphology were studied. The results showed that the tensile properties had been improved by irradiation. The studies of swelling in oil revealed a higher cross‐link density in the irradiated blends compared to that in nonirradiated blends at similar blend ratios. Scanning electron microscopy studies revealed better adhesion between the phases and rough failure surfaces with a large number of tear lines which indicated a higher energy requirement for the failure of irradiated blends compared to that for nonirradiated blends. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Effects of multiwall carbon nanotubes on the thermal and mechanical properties of medium density polyethylene matrix nanocomposites produced by a mechanical milling method
Authors: Noroozi M. , Zebarjad S.M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractMedium‐density polyethylene/multiwall carbon nanotube (MDPE/MWCNT) nanocomposites were produced by a mechanical milling method using a high‐energy ball mill. The MDPE and MWCNTs were added to the ball mill at a constant 20:1 weight ratio of ball/powders and milled for 10 h to obtain polyethylene matrix nanocomposites reinforced with 0.5, 1, 2.5, and 5 weight percent of MWCNTs. To clarify the role of both MWCNT content and milling time on the morphology of MDPE, some nanocomposite samples were investigated by using a scanning electron microscope. To evaluate the role of milling on the microstructure of the nanocomposites, very thin films of MDPE/MWCNTs were prepared and studied by transmission electron microscopy. Thermal behavior of these nanocomposites was investigated by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Standard tensile samples were produced by compression molding. The dependence of the tensile properties of MDPE on both milling time and MWCNT content was studied by using a tensile test. The results of the microscopic evaluations showed that the milling process could be a suitable method for producing MDPE/MWCNT nanocomposites. The addition of carbon nanotubes to MDPE caused a change in its morphology at constant milling parameters. The results of the DSC tests showed that the crystallization temperature of MDPE increased as MWCNTs were added, although no dependency was observed as milling time increased. Crystallization index changed from 50 to 55% as MWCNT content increased from 0 to 5%. The results of the tensile tests showed that both the Young's modulus and the yield strength of MDPE increased as MWCNTs were added. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Effects of molecular weight on the dynamic mechanical and rheological properties of anionically polymerized polyamide 6 containing nanofiber
Authors: Ahmadi Shervin , Morshedian Jalil , Hashemi Seyeed Ali 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAnionic ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactam leads to the formation of polyamide 6 (PA6). This reaction takes place at a significantly faster rate and gives a narrower molecular‐weight distribution than those obtained with other techniques. Because of this advantage, anionic polymerization of PA6 during melting was investigated in this work. In an internal mixer, PA6 was prepared via the melt polymerization of ε‐caprolactam as monomer with sodium caprolactam as a catalyst and hexamethylene diisocyanate as an activator. The effects of various concentrations of catalyst and activator on the rate of reaction and the amount of residual monomer were determined. Also, the physical and mechanical properties of PA6 prepared in this way and commercial PA6 prepared via hydrolytic processing were determined by differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, as well as tensile, impact, and rheological tests. The experimental results showed that the composition which included 3% of catalyst and 3% of activator gave better properties than the other formulations. These conditions led to the lowest residual monomer content and better mechanical properties, as well. Another novel aspect of this investigation was nanofiber formation during the melt polymerization. The nanofibers had lower molecular weights than the matrix and thus created a special crystal structure different from that of the matrix. Mechanical property measurements showed that PA6 prepared by using this technique and the aforementioned formulation was similar to the commercial PA6. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
A computational micro‐sphere model applied to the simulation of phase‐transformations
Authors: Ostwald R. , Bartel T. , Menzel A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe present an efficient model for the simulation of polycrystalline materials undergoing solid to solid phase transformations. As a basis, we use a one‐dimensional, thermodynamically consistent phase‐transformation model. This model is embedded into a micro‐sphere formulation in order to simulate three‐dimensional boundary value problems. To solve the underlying evolution equations, we use a newly developed explicit integration scheme which could be proved to be unconditionally A‐stable. Besides the investigation of homogeneous deformation states, representative finite element examples are discussed. It is shown that the model nicely reflects the overall behaviour.
Breastfeeding Among Chinese Immigrants in the United States
Authors: Donaldson Heather , Kratzer Jennifer , Okutoro‐Ketter Susannah , Tung Pearl 
Published: April 2010

X.W.C. is a 37‐year‐old gravida 3, para 1011 at 39 weeks and 6/7 days' gestation. She has no medical problems. Her obstetric history revealed that she had a normal spontaneous vaginal birth of a 4000‐g live infant male 12 years earlier in China. By her account, the infant had been exclusively bottle‐fed. Her primary language is Mandarin. Her prenatal course was mostly uncomplicated. She had a positive purified protein derivative (PPD) test, but a chest radiograph was negative for tuberculosis. She also had a condyloma that was ruled safe for vaginal birth, and a pronounced rectocele and cystocele that were to be followed postpartum. During each of the first 10 prenatal visits, X.W.C. was handed a pamphlet with facts about the benefits of breastfeeding. Toward the end of her prenatal course, she was asked what method of infant feeding she preferred, and she indicated that she would try breastfeeding.Shortly after being admitted to the labor unit she was given Pitocin to augment her labor because she presented with prelabor rupture of membranes (PROM) at term. Two hours later, she had a normal spontaneous vaginal birth of a live 3515‐g female newborn; her 1‐and 5‐minute Apgar scores were 9 and 9, respectively. The baby was placed on the mother's abdomen and warmed and dried. After the delivery of the placenta, and after a second‐degree laceration was repaired, she was asked if she would like to breastfeed or bottle‐feed. She hesitated for a moment before answering that she would like to try both. Her husband then looked at X.W.C. and asked if that would be the best thing for them. Sensing her husband's wishes and possibly having discussed feeding methods with him beforehand, X.W.C. then took a minute before telling the nurse that she had changed her mind—she wanted to bottle‐feed. On her first day postpartum, she and her baby were both doing well. Her baby was by her side, and she was exclusively bottle‐feeding.
The Late Paleozoic geodynamics of the West Transbaikalian segment of the Central Asian fold belt
Authors: Mazukabzov A.M. , Donskaya T.V. , Gladkochub D.P. , Paderin I.P. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
New data testifying to Late Paleozoic tectonometamorphic processes at the West Transbaikalian segment of the Central Asian Fold Belt have been obtained. Zircon dating (SHRIMP-II) of highly metamorphosed rocks showed that the processes took place at 295.3 ± 1.6 Ma. Based on these data, the Late Paleozoic ages of granitoids of the Angara–Vitim areal pluton (340–280 Ma) and some dike complexes in Transbaikalia (300–280 Ma), and the Late Paleozoic age of some carbonate-terrigenous strata dated earlier to the Early Paleozoic, we have substantiated the significant role of Hercynian tectogenesis in the consolidation of the regional continental crust. We have also shown that the Late Paleozoic endogenous events and accompanying sedimentation processes were related to the geodynamic conditions governed by the changing parameters of the subsidence of the Mongol-Okhotsk oceanic subduction slab beneath the Siberian continent. Changes in the slope and rate of the slab subsidence resulted in A-subduction conditions in the distal part of the suprasubduction plate, which led to the formation of accretion-collisional orogen and the Angara–Vitim areal pluton.
Strike-slip tectonics and subalkaline mafic magmatism in the Early Paleozoic collisional system of the western Baikal region
Authors: Fedorovsky V.S. , Sklyarov E.V. , Izokh A.E. , Kotov A.B. , Lavrenchuk A.V. , Mazukabzov A.M. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
We discuss strike-slip tectonics as the key agent in the formation of the Early Paleozoic (Caledonian) collisional system of the western Baikal region. This tectonic setting implies existence of local syncompressional extension, with the ensuing conditions for mantle drainage and magmatism. Lower-middle crust collisional complexes exposed in the Olkhon area of the western Baikal region provide a record of synmetamorphic subalkaline-mafic magmatism associated with the early synorogenic collapse of the Olkhon collisional system, a part of the Central Asian collisional-accretionary belt.
Granitoids of the Tyrma–Bureya complex in the northern Bureya–Jiamusi superterrane of the Central Asian fold belt: age and geodynamic setting
Authors: Sorokin A.A. , Kotov A.B. , Sal’nikova E.B. , Kudryashov N.M. , Anisimova I.V. , Yakovleva S.Z. , Fedoseenko A.M. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
According to U–Pb dating, the granitoids of the Tyrma–Bureya complex in the northern Bureya–Jiamusi superterrane of the Central Asian fold belt are not of Paleozoic, as previously thought, but of Mesozoic age (Nizhnyaya Stoiba massif, 218 ± 2 Ma; Talakan and Ust’-Dikan massifs, 185 ± 1 Ma). They formed at the early stages of collision between the North Asian and Sino-Korean cratons and the intervening Amur superterrane.
Bilateral narrow duplication of the internal auditory canal
Authors: Coelho L O M , Ono S E , Neto A Carvalho , Polanski J F , Buschle M 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAim:To demonstrate diagnostic imaging of an extremely rare presentation of bilateral narrow duplication of the internal auditory canal.Case report:An adolescent boy with profound sensorineural hearing loss presented for hearing rehabilitation. Imaging studies (i.e. multidetector computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging) clearly demonstrated bilateral duplication of the internal auditory canals, with narrowing of the lower canals, unilateral cochlear and vestibular dysplasia, bilateral superior semicircular canal malformation, and bilateral absence of the posterior semicircular canals.Conclusion:To our knowledge, this is only the third such case described in the literature. Considering that the vestibulocochlear nerve has been unable to be demonstrated in almost all cases of duplicated internal auditory canal (unilateral and bilateral), our case supports the hypothesis that vestibulocochlear nerve aplasia or hypoplasia leads to internal auditory canal stenosis. We consider this rare presentation of bilateral narrow duplication of the internal auditory canal to represent a contraindication for cochlear implantation.
Digital Technologies and Traditional Cultural Expressions: A Positive Look at a Difficult Relationship
Authors: Burri Mira 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDigital technologies have often been perceived as imperilling traditional cultural expressions (TCE). This angst has interlinked technical and sociocultural dimensions. On the technical side, it is related to the affordances of digital media that allow instantaneous access to information without real location constraints, data transport at the speed of light and effortless reproduction of the original without any loss of quality. In a sociocultural context, digital technologies have been regarded as the epitome of globalization forces—not only driving and deepening the process of globalization itself but also spreading its effects. The present article examines the validity of these claims and sketches a number of ways in which digital technologies may act as benevolent factors. It illustrates in particular that some digital technologies can be instrumentalized to protect TCE forms, reflecting more appropriately the specificities of TCE as a complex process of creation of identity and culture. The article also seeks to reveal that digital technologies—and more specifically the Internet and the World Wide Web—have had a profound impact on the ways cultural content is created, disseminated, accessed and consumed. It is argued that this environment may have generated various opportunities for better accommodating TCE, especially in their dynamic sense of human creativity.
Carbon and nitrogen fluxes associated with the cyanobacterium Aphanizomenon sp. in the Baltic Sea
Authors: Ploug Helle , Musat Niculina , Adam Birgit , Moraru Christina L , Lavik Gaute , Vagner Tomas , Bergman Birgitta , Kuypers Marcel M M 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Carbon and nitrogen fluxes in Aphanizomenon sp. colonies in the Baltic Sea were measured using a combination of microsensors, stable isotopes, mass spectrometry, and nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (nanoSIMS). Cell numbers varied between 956 and 33 000 in colonies ranging in volume between 1.4 × 10−4 and 230 × 10−4 mm−3. The high cell content and their productivity resulted in steep O2 gradients at the colony–water interface as measured with an O2 microsensor. Colonies were highly autotrophic communities with few heterotrophic bacteria attached to the filaments. Volumetric gross photosynthesis in colonies was 78 nmol O2 mm−3 h−1. Net photosynthesis was 64 nmol O2 mm−3 h−1, and dark respiration was on average 15 nmol O2 mm−3 h−1 or 16% of gross photosynthesis. These volumetric photosynthesis rates belong to the highest measured in aquatic systems. The average cell-specific net carbon-fixation rate was 38 and 40 fmol C cell−1 h−1 measured by microsensors and by using stable isotopes in combination with mass spectrometry and nanoSIMS, respectively. In light, the net C:N fixation ratio of individual cells was 7.3±3.4. Transfer of fixed N2 from heterocysts to vegetative cells was fast, but up to 35% of the gross N2 fixation in light was released as ammonium into the surrounding water. Calculations based on a daily cycle showed a net C:N fixation ratio of 5.3. Only 16% of the bulk N2 fixation in dark was detected in Aphanizomenon sp. Hence, other organisms appeared to dominate N2 fixation and NH4+ release during darkness.
Sequencing around 5-Hydroxyconiferyl Alcohol-Derived Units in Caffeic Acid O-Methyltransferase-Deficient Poplar Lignins
Authors: Lu Fachuang , Marita Jane M. , Lapierre Catherine , Jouanin Lise , Morreel Kris , Boerjan Wout , Ralph John 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT) is a bifunctional enzyme that methylates the 5- and 3-hydroxyl positions on the aromatic ring of monolignol precursors, with a preference for 5-hydroxyconiferaldehyde, on the way to producing sinapyl alcohol. Lignins in COMT-deficient plants contain benzodioxane substructures due to the incorporation of 5-hydroxyconiferyl alcohol (5-OH-CA), as a monomer, into the lignin polymer. The derivatization followed by reductive cleavage method can be used to detect and determine benzodioxane structures because of their total survival under this degradation method. Moreover, partial sequencing information for 5-OH-CA incorporation into lignin can be derived from detection or isolation and structural analysis of the resulting benzodioxane products. Results from a modified derivatization followed by reductive cleavage analysis of COMT-deficient lignins provide evidence that 5-OH-CA cross couples (at its β-position) with syringyl and guaiacyl units (at their O-4-positions) in the growing lignin polymer and then either coniferyl or sinapyl alcohol, or another 5-hydroxyconiferyl monomer, adds to the resulting 5-hydroxyguaiacyl terminus, producing the benzodioxane. This new terminus may also become etherified by coupling with further monolignols, incorporating the 5-OH-CA integrally into the lignin structure.