bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of high‐molecular‐mass neurofilament protein in horse (Equus caballus) spinal ganglion neurons
Authors: Russo Domenico , Castellani Gastone , Chiocchetti Roberto 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSpinal ganglion (SG) neurons are subdivided, on the basis of their cytoplasmic aspect at light and electron microscopy, into dark (D) and light (L) neurons. Numerous efforts have been made to find specific markers able to identify D and L neuronal cytotypes. The isolectin B4 (IB4), utilized to identify nonpeptidergic D neurons in mice, unfortunately, has not proved as effective in other species. The 200‐kDa neurofilament protein (NF200) is considered as a typical marker of L neurons in the rat, cat, and chick. The aim of this study was to analyze the histological, morphometric, and neurochemical characteristic of NF200‐immunoreactive (IR) horse SG neurons, to better characterize them morphologically and functionally. NF200‐IR neurons showed two levels (strong and weak) of staining intensity. Most (84%) strongly stained NF200‐IR neurons corresponded to L neurons, and showed similar bimodality as in the size distribution study, which seems to indicate a third population of neurons, in addition to the two populations (small and large) previously identified.In triple‐staining experiments where NF200 was colocalized with IB4, substance P (SP), and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) neuronal markers, most NF200‐IR neurons were single stained. On the contrary, most IB4‐, SP‐, and nNOS‐stained neurons were triple labeled and almost equally subdivided between strong and weak NF200‐IR with the latter being always smaller in size than strong NF200‐IR neurons. In conclusion, horse SG neurons display significant morphometric and neurochemical differences compared with those of rodents. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Developmental Plasticity and the Origin of Novel Forms: Unveiling Cryptic Genetic Variation Via“Use and Disuse”
Authors: Palmer A. Richard 
Published: October 2011

AbstractNatural selection eliminates phenotypic variation from populations, generation after generation—an observation that haunted Darwin. So, how does new phenotypic variation arise, and is it always random with respect to fitness? Repeated behavioral responses to a novel environment—particularly those that are learned—are typically advantageous. If those behaviors yield more extreme or novel morphological variants via developmental plasticity, then previously cryptic genetic variation may be exposed to natural selection. Significantly, because the mean phenotypic effect of “use and disuse” is also typically favorable, previously cryptic genetic variation can be transformed into phenotypic variation that is both visible to selection and biased in an adaptive direction. Therefore, use‐induced developmental plasticity in a very real sense “creates” new phenotypic variation that is nonrandom with respect to fitness, in contrast to the random phenotypic effects of mutation, recombination, and “direct effects” of environment (stress, nutrition). I offer here (a) a brief review of the immense literature on the effects of “use and disuse” on morphology, (b) a simple yet general model illustrating how cryptic genetic variation may be exposed to selection by developmentally plastic responses that alter trait performance in response to “use and disuse,” and (c) a more detailed model of a positive feedback loop between learning (handed behavior) and morphological plasticity (use‐induced morphological asymmetry) that may rapidly generate novel phenotypic variation and facilitate the evolution of conspicuous morphological asymmetries. Evidence from several sources suggests that handed behaviors played an important role both in the origin of novel forms (asymmetries) and in their subsequent evolution. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 318B:466–479, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Parapodial glandular organs in Spiophanes (Polychaeta: Spionidae)—studies on their functional anatomy and ultrastructure
Authors: Meiβner Karin , Bick Andreas , Müller Carsten H.G. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractParapodial glandular organs (PGOs) of Spiophanes (Polychaeta: Spionidae) were studied using light and electron microscopy. These organs are found in parapodia of the mid body region, starting on chaetiger 5 and terminating with the appearance of neuropodial hooks (chaetiger 14 or 15 in adult individuals). Large PGOs in anterior chaetigers display different species‐specific types of openings whereas small PGOs in posterior parapodia of the mid body region always open in a simple vertical slit. Each PGO is composed of three main complexes: (1) the glandular sac with several distinct epithelia of secretory cells and secretory cell complexes and the reservoir filled with fibrous material, (2) the gland‐associated chaetal complex (including the region of chaetoblasts and follicle cells, follicular canals, two chaetal collector canals, the combined conducting canal, the chaetal spreader including the opening of the glandular organ with associated type‐1 secretory cells, and the gland‐associated chaetae), and (3) a bilayered musculature surrounding the gland. A considerable number of different cell types are involved in the secretory activity, in the guidance of the gland‐associated chaetae, and in the final expulsion of the fibrous secretion at the opening slit. Among these different cell types the type‐5 secretory cells of the proximal glandular complex with their cup‐shaped microvilli emanating thick microfibrils into the lumen of the glandular sac are most conspicuous. Secretory cells with cup‐shaped microvilli being involved in the production of β‐chitin microfibrils have so far only been reported from some representatives of the deep‐sea inhabiting Siboglinidae (Polychaeta). We suggest that the gland‐associated chaetae emerging from inside the PGOs of Spiophanes are typical annelid chaetae formed by chaetoblasts and follicle cells. Functional morphology implies the crucial role of PGOs in tube construction. Furthermore, the PGOs are discussed in consideration of phylogenetic aspects. J. Morphol., 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Brain biochemistry in autopsied patients with essential tremor
Authors: Shill Holly A. , Adler Charles H. , Beach Thomas G. , Lue Lih‐Fen , Caviness John N. , Sabbagh Marwan N. , Sue Lucia I. , Walker Douglas G. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe pathology of essential tremor is increasingly being studied; however, there are limited studies of biochemical changes in this condition. We studied several candidate biochemical/anatomical systems in the brain stem, striatum, and cerebellum of 23 essential tremor subjects who came to autopsy, comparing them with a control population. Striatal tyrosine hydroxylase, a marker of dopaminergic neurons, was 91.7 ± 113.2 versus 96.4 ± 102.7 ng/mg (not significant) in cases and controls, respectively. Locus coeruleus dopamine beta‐hydroxylase, a marker of noradrenergic neurons, was not significantly different between the essential tremor and control groups. Parvalbumin, a marker of GABAergic neurons, was 199.3 ± 42.0 versus 251.4 ± 74.8 ng/mg (P = .025) in the pons in the region of the locus coeruleus of essential tremor subjects versus controls, whereas there was no difference in cerebellar parvalbumin. These results are supportive of a possible role for reduced GABAergic function in the locus coeruleus in essential tremor. The hypothesis that essential tremor represents early Parkinson's disease was not supported, as striatal dopaminergic markers were not reduced compared with control subjects. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Auraptene regulates gene expression involved in lipid metabolism through PPARα activation in diabetic obese mice
Authors: Takahashi Nobuyuki , Senda Mari , Lin Shan , Goto Tsuyoshi , Yano Masamichi , Sasaki Takao , Murakami Shigeru , Kawada Teruo 
Published: October 2011

AbstractScope: Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐α (PPARα) is a key regulator of circulating lipid level. Thus, various food‐derived compounds that activate PPARα as agonists have been screened and characterized.Methods and results: We investigated the effects of auraptene, a citrus‐derived compound serving as a PPARα agonist in vitro, on abnormalities in lipid and glucose metabolisms. In high‐fat‐diet (HFD)‐fed KK‐Ay diabetic obese mice, auraptene treatment suppressed hyperlipidemia and triglyceride accumulation in the liver and skeletal muscle, and increased the mRNA expression levels of the PPARα target genes involved in fatty acid oxidation in the liver and skeletal muscle. Moreover, the adipocyte size in the auraptene‐treated mice was significantly smaller than that in the control HFD‐fed mice resulting in the improvement of HFD‐induced hyperglycemia and abnormalities in glucose tolerance.Conclusions: These findings indicate that auraptene activates PPARα also in vivo and its treatment may improve abnormalities in lipid and glucose metabolisms, suggesting that auraptene is a valuable food‐derived compound for managing metabolic disorders.
A 60‐GHz CMOS receiver front‐end with integrated 180° out‐of‐phase Wilkinson power divider
Authors: Lee Jen‐How , Chen Chi‐Chen , Lin Yo‐Sheng 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA 60‐GHz receiver front‐end with an integrated 180° out‐of‐phase Wilkinson power divider using standard 0.13 μm CMOS technology is reported.The receiver front‐end comprises a wideband low‐noise amplifier (LNA) with 12.4‐dB gain, a current‐reused bleeding mixer, a baseband amplifier, and a 180° out‐of‐phase Wilkinson power divider. The receiver front‐end consumed 50.2 mW and achieved input return loss at RF port better than −10 dB for frequencies from 52.3 to 62.3 GHz. At IF of 20 MHz, the receiver front‐end achieved maximum conversion gain of 18.7 dB at RF of 56 GHz. The corresponding 3‐dB bandwidth (ω3 dB) of RF is 9.8 GHz (50.8–60.6 GHz). The measured minimum noise figure (NF) was 9 dB at 58 GHz, an excellent result for a 60‐GHz‐band CMOS receiver front‐end. In addition, the measured input 1‐dB compression point (P1 dB) and input third‐order inter‐modulation point (IIP3) are −20.8 dBm and −12 dBm, respectively, at 60 GHz. These results demonstrate the adopted receiver front‐end architecture is very promising for high‐performance 60‐GHz‐band RFIC applications. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:2688–2694, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25559
Compact, printed mobile‐unit antenna for 2.4 and 5 GHz WLAN applications
Authors: Su Saou‐Wen , Chang Fa‐Shian 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA simple yet effective, printed mobile‐unit antenna aimed at providing dual‐WLAN‐band operation in the 2.4 and 5 GHz bands and with a small form factor is presented.The antenna comprises a folded monopole and a small antenna ground, all printed in a single‐layered, FR4 substrate with the overall dimensions 8 mm × 25 mm. The frequency ratio of the dual‐resonant (the upper over the lower) modes can easily be manipulated by adjusting the antenna tuning portion. In addition, the antenna can be fed by utilizing a common mini‐coaxial cable, allowing it to be flexibly deployed inside versatile wireless electronic devices as an internal antenna. Details of a design prototype are described and discussed in the article. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:2648–2653, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25561
Dual‐band circular slot antenna design for circularly and linearly polarized operations
Authors: Chiang Meng‐Ju , Hung Tian‐Fu , Bor Sheau‐Shong 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe dual‐band circular slot antenna utilizing the embedded arc‐shaped metallic strip for the circularly polarized (CP) and linearly polarized (LP) operations is presented in this letter. The experimental results show that the resonant frequency of low‐band for CP mode is utilized the protruded arc‐shaped metallic strip, which extends current route to make the fundamental resonant mode shifted to the lower frequency band. The high‐band for LP mode, which has the similar current distribution to that of the fundamental mode of the conventional circular slot, is employed the first‐higher order resonant mode of the circular slot. Two measured input impedance bandwidths of the proposed design are 23.2% and 18.8%, respectively, and the measured bandwidth of low‐band with an axial ratio (AR) of less than 3.0 dB is 14.5%. The operating bands show the broadside radiation patterns with 1.7–2.7 dBic CP gain and the peak antenna gain of 3.6–4.3 dBi, respectively. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:2717–2721, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25562
A low‐phase‐noise CMOS quadrature VCO with PMOS back‐gate coupling
Authors: Yeh Mei‐Ling , Lin Yao‐Chian , Liou Wan‐Rone , Kuo Sheng‐Hing , Roblin Patrick , Chang Chung Cheng 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA new PMOS backgate quadrature voltage controlled oscillator (QVCO) is designed and implemented using TSMC 0.18 μm 1P6M CMOS technology.The phase noise of the PMOS back‐gate coupled QVCO operating at 1.5 V is measured to be −100 dBc/Hz and −125.08 dBc/Hz at 100 KHz and 1 MHz offset, respectively, for a low power consumption of 15 mW. The backgate QVCO demonstrates a wide frequency tuning range, a low phase noise, and a low power consumption. The corresponding figure‐of‐merit of the QVCO is −186 dBc/Hz. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:2682–2685, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25564
All‐optical pulse repetition frequency divider utilizing an injection‐unlocked Fabry‐Perot laser diode
Authors: Zhang Mingjiang , Liu Tiegen , Wang Anbang , Wang Yuncai 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe propose and demonstrate an all‐optical pulse repetition frequency divider based on the nonlinear period‐one oscillation of a Fabry‐Perot laser diode (FP‐LD).By adjusting the injection power of input optical pulses and detuning the wavelength of the FP‐LD, frequency‐divided optical pulses including divide‐by‐two and divide‐by‐three output can be readily achieved with suppressed phase noise over wide frequency range. For an 18‐GHz pulse train, we experimentally obtain 9‐GHz optical pulses train with phase noise of −105.6 dBc/Hz and 6‐GHz optical pulses train with phase noise of −105.5 dBc/Hz, separately. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:2641–2643, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25565
Improved NURBS MOM‐PO method for analyzing antenna around electrically large platform
Authors: Huang Kai , He Zhi‐Li , Liang Chang‐Hong 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe hybrid method of moments and physical optics (MOM‐PO) based on nonuniform rational B‐spline (NURBS) modeling represented a suitable approach for dealing with electromagnetic (EM) radiation problems because of its higher efficiency and more accurate modeling than Triangle MOM‐PO method.However, the invalidation in existing NURBS MOM‐PO method occurs when the distance between antenna and scatterer is less than one wavelength. The reason is analyzed in detail in this article. This article introduces an improved NURBS MOM‐PO method to overcome this problem. Ludwig integral combining with stationary phase method is utilized to calculate the integral of PO currents. Thus, both the efficiency and validity are ensured. Numerical results demonstrate that accurate results can be achieved efficiently in electrically large EM radiation problems by using the present method. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:2675–2679, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25569
EpsiMu, A toolkit for permittivity and permeability measurement in microwave domain at real time of all materials: Applications to solid and semisolid materials
Authors: Ba Doudou , Sabouroux Pierre 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn this article, we present a very simple toolkit for permittivity and permeability measurement in the microwave region in real time. This kit contains a coaxial cell and a dedicated software compatible with any Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) for the reconstruction of permittivity and permeability data. The customizing design of the coaxial cell depends on the applications and material forms. The dedicated software for overall cells reconstructs directly in real time the permittivity and the permeability from the S‐parameters measured. The Nicolson & Ross‐Weir algorithm is using after a de‐embedding process done by modeling our cell with an identity card (IC). The novelty of our method is that, after calibration process of the VNA to remove the cable effect, the measurement of the permittivity and permeability were done directly after only one measurement in real time. To validate the accuracy of this new measurement process for new applications, we reconstruct the permittivity of two material forms (dielectric or/and magnetic solids, semisolid). This new toolkit is called EpsiMu (www.epsimu.fr). © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:2643–2648, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25570
An optimum superconducting ultra‐wideband bandpass filter at VHF band
Authors: Chen Wei , Guo Xubo , Cao Bisong , Zhang Xiaoping , Wei Bin , Zhang Ying , Lu Xinxiang 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA highly selective superconducting ultra‐wideband filter with a passband from 125 to 260 MHz is designed and demonstrated using a microstrip structure. The filter is designed according to a circuit model for an optimum short‐circuited stub transmission‐line filter and consists of 10 shunt short‐circuited stubs separated by connecting lines. The short‐circuited stubs are quarter‐wavelength long, and the connecting lines are half‐wavelength long. The filter is realized on two 3‐inch YBCO/LaAlO3 substrates, which are connected by two bonding wires. The short‐circuited stubs are grounded via two grounding pads that are attached to the box wall by a number of SiAl bonding wires. The measured results exhibit a selective filtering characteristic equivalent to a 19‐pole Chebyshev filter and a low insertion loss of less than 0.1 dB at center frequency without tuning. Furthermore, the experimental results of the filter are in good agreement with the simulated ones. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:2639–2641, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25571
A flexible RF transmitter module based on flexible printed circuit board by using micro‐machining fabrication process
Authors: Myoung Seong‐Sik , Kim Seon‐Il , Jung Joo‐Yong , Lim Dae‐Ho , Jang Jeensang , Kim Yong‐Jun , Yoo Jong‐Gwan 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis article presents a flexible RF transmitter module based on flexible printed circuit board (FPCB).The polyimide with micro‐machining fabrication technique is employed for realization of FPCB to achieve the high flexibility as well as low loss at microwave frequency band. The active devices in the proposed flexible RF transmitter are design with InGaP/GaAs hetero‐junction bipolar transistor monolithic microwave integrated circuit process, and the passive devices such as the filter and interconnection lines are fully integrated on the FPCB board to avoid use of external off‐chip components for maximized flexibility. The FPCB transmitter module is designed for a short‐distance sensor network based on OFDM communication system, and the measured conversion gain and error vector magnitude of the fabricated flexible transmitter are 27 dB and −32 dB, respectively. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:2636–2639, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25572
A novel dual‐layer high‐directivity directional coupler using printed metamaterial MS/NRI coupled‐line
Authors: Zhao Shiwei , Tang Zongxi , Dai Wei , Zhang Biao 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA dual‐layer, multi‐aperture and multi‐section asymmetric printed metamaterial MS/NRI coupled‐line coupler is presented. The configuration consists of two‐layer back‐to‐back substrates with five small coupling apertures on the center ground plane. In addition, asymmetric coupled‐line sections connected in cascade with the coupling decreasing gradually from one end to the other. This novel dual‐layer coupler with high directivity can operate in wider bandwidth. Furthermore, it has smaller size and lower insertion loss. The circuit area of the proposed coupler is only 70% of that of the conventional dual‐layer coupler. Simulated and experimental results of the coupler exhibited a coupling of about −15 dB, isolation of about −50 dB, and directivity of about 35 dB at the design frequency from 3.25 to 5 GHz (with better than 45 dB directivity over 500 MHz). © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:2706–2708, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25573
Modeling of radio‐over‐fiber links for 802.11g wireless local area networks
Authors: Sittakul V. , Cryan M. J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis article proposes the use of cosimulation between Matlab/Simulink and Rsoft Optsim to model a radio‐over‐fiber (RoF) link for 802.11g wireless local area network (WLAN) applications. First, a RoF link is modeled based on the experimental results of binary phase shift keying data transmission. Then, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) data in frame format will be created using Matlab/Simulink to be transmitted over the same modeled RoF link. Results show that it is possible to model an 802.11g WLAN data over the RoF system using cosimulation software and the OFDM data transmission was successfully simulated and the constellation diagram and bit error rate are shown. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:2672–2675, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25575
Drawing an ultra‐low loss all‐solid photonic bangap fiber for ytterbium ASE suppression
Authors: Yan Pei‐Guang , Zhao Jian , Ruan Shuang‐Chen , Yu Yong‐Qin , Shu Jie , Wu Xu , Ding Jin Fei , Wei Hui‐Feng , Luo Jie 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA passive all‐solid photonic bandgap fiber (PBGF) was fabricated for ytterbium ASE controllable filtering.By direct adjustment of the fiber out‐diameter in drawing process, we can tune the stop‐band of ytterbium ASE to the desirable wavelength region. Our simulation results show a good agreement with measured bandgaps. The fiber is single mode and has a steep “cutting edge” in favor of ASE suppression. The measured transmission loss is 0.41 dB/km at wavelength of 1.55 μm within the longer wavelength bandgap, which is believed the lowest loss level of all‐solid PBGF reported to the best of our knowledge. Its “stop‐band” lies just in the range of 1.03–1.14 μm and shows a perfect ASE suppression by using only 0.2 m length of fiber. It provides a costless and feasible way to build the gain‐controllable laser with the nowadays mature conventional ytterbium‐doped fiber and such passive PBGF fiber. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:2629–2632, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25578