bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Hyper Suprime-Cam extended point spread functions and applications
Authors: Garate-Nuñez Lucía P , Robotham Aaron S G , Bellstedt Sabine , Davies Luke J M , Martínez-Lombilla Cristina 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
We present extended point spread function (PSF) models for the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program Public Data Release 3 (HSC-SSP PDR3) in all g, r, i, Z, and Y-bands. Due to its 8.2 m primary mirror and long exposure periods, HSC combines deep images with wide-field coverage. Both properties make HSC one of the most suitable observing facilities for low-surface brightness (LSB) studies, which are particularly sensitive to the PSF. By applying a median stacking technique of point-like sources with different brightness, we show how to construct the HSC-SSP PDR3 PSF models to an extent of R ∼ 5.6 arcmin. These models are appropriate for the HSC-PDR3 intermediate-state data which do not have applied the final aggressive background subtraction. The intermediate-state data is especially stored for users interested in large extended objects, where our new PSFs provide them with a crucial tool to characterise LSB properties at large angles. We demonstrate that our HSC PSFs behave reasonably in two scenarios. In the first one, we generate 2D models of a bright star, showing no evidence of residual structures across the five bands. In the second scenario, we recreate the PSF-scattered light on mock images with special consideration of the effect of this additional flux on LSB measurements. Despite the well-behaved nature of the HSC-PDR3 PSFs, there is a non-negligible impact on the faint light present in the mock images. This impact could lead to incorrect LSB measurements if a proper star subtraction is not applied. The PSF models are publicly available to the astronomical community at github.com/luciagarate/HSC_PSFs (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.11273118).
Constraining the physical parameters of XTE J1701−462 through NuSTAR observations
Authors: Thomas Neal Titus , Jirawala Khushi , Gudennavar S B , Bubbly S G 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
The spectral properties of the transient neutron star low-mass X-ray binary XTE J1701−462 were studied using the data obtained from FPMA/B detectors onboard NuSTAR during its second known outburst (2022 September). The physical parameters of the system were derived from the analysis of the data in the 3.0−30.0 keV energy range. The patterns displayed on the hardness–intensity diagram of the three observations closely resembled the banana branch/normal branch, a vertex of horizontal and normal branch of the Z-track and a transition from normal branch to flaring branch. Spectral analysis of the source revealed the presence of Fe K emission complex. The source spectra were fitted with a multitemperature blackbody ($\tt {diskbb}$) component in conjunction with the reflection model ($\tt {relxillNS}$). The values of temperature (kTin) and radius (Rin) of the inner accretion disc obtained from the spectral fitting with the model combination – $\tt {constant} \times \tt {tbabs} (\tt {diskbb}$ + $\tt {relxillNS})$ showed the source to be in its soft spectral state during the observations. The inclination angle (θ) of the source was estimated to be between 19° and 33° and the inner disc radius (Rin) was found to be 17.4 km. Assuming the case of magnetic truncation of accretion disc, the upper limits for the magnetic dipole moment (μ) and the magnetic field strength (B) at the poles of the neutron star in the system were found to be 5.78 × 1026 G cm3 and 8.23 × 108 G, respectively, for kA = 1.
Supermassive black holes are growing slowly by z∼5
Authors: Lai Samuel , Onken Christopher A , Wolf Christian , Bian Fuyan , Fan Xiaohui 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
We investigate the black hole mass function at z ∼ 5 using XQz5, our recent sample of the most luminous quasars between the redshifts 4.5 &lt; z &lt; 5.3. We include 72 quasars with black hole masses estimated from velocity-broadened emission-line measurements and single-epoch virial prescriptions in the footprint of a highly complete parent survey. The sample mean Eddington ratio and standard deviation is log λ ≈ −0.20 ± 0.24. The completeness-corrected mass function is modelled as a double power law, and we constrain its evolution across redshift assuming accretion-dominated mass growth. We estimate the evolution of the mass function from z = 5–4, presenting joint constraints on accretion properties through a measured dimensionless e-folding parameter, kef ≡ 〈λ〉U(1 − ϵ)/ϵ = 1.79 ± 0.06, where 〈λ〉 is the mean Eddington ratio, U is the duty cycle, and ϵ is the radiative efficiency. If these supermassive black holes were to form from seeds smaller than $10^8\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$, the growth rate must have been considerably faster at z ≫ 5 than observed from z = 5–4. A growth rate exceeding 3 × the observed rate would reduce the initial heavy seed mass to $10^{5-6}\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$, aligning with supermassive star and/or direct collapse seed masses. Stellar mass ($10^2\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$) black hole seeds would require ≳4.5 × the observed growth rate at z ≫ 5 to reproduce the measured active black hole mass function. A possible pathway to produce the most extreme quasars is radiatively inefficient accretion flow, suggesting black holes with low angular momentum or photon trapping in supercritically accreting thick discs.
Observing the galactic underworld: predicting photometry and astrometry from compact remnant microlensing events
Authors: Sweeney David , Tuthill Peter , Krone-Martins Alberto , Mérand Antoine , Scalzo Richard , Martinod Marc-Antoine 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Isolated black holes (BHs) and neutron stars (NSs) are largely undetectable across the electromagnetic spectrum. For this reason, our only real prospect of observing these isolated compact remnants is via microlensing; a feat recently performed for the first time. However, characterization of the microlensing events caused by BHs and NSs is still in its infancy. In this work, we perform N-body simulations to explore the frequency and physical characteristics of microlensing events across the entire sky. Our simulations find that every year we can expect $88_{-6}^{+6}$ BH, $6.8_{-1.6}^{+1.7}$ NS, and $20^{+30}_{-20}$ stellar microlensing events which cause an astrometric shift larger than 2 mas. Similarly, we can expect $21_{-3}^{+3}$ BH, $18_{-3}^{+3}$ NS, and $7500_{-500}^{+500}$ stellar microlensing events which cause a bump magnitude larger than 1 mag. Leveraging a more comprehensive dynamical model than prior work, we predict the fraction of microlensing events caused by BHs as a function of Einstein time to be smaller than previously thought. Comparison of our microlensing simulations to events in Gaia finds good agreement. Finally, we predict that in the combination of Gaia and GaiaNIR data there will be $14700_{-900}^{+600}$ BH and $1600_{-200}^{+300}$ NS events creating a centroid shift larger than 1 mas and $330_{-120}^{+100}$ BH and $310_{-100}^{+110}$ NS events causing bump magnitudes &gt;1. Of these, &lt;10 BH and $5_{-5}^{+10}$ NS events should be detectable using current analysis techniques. These results inform future astrometric mission design, such as GaiaNIR, as they indicate that, compared to stellar events, there are fewer observable BH events than previously thought.
Structure-based characterization and compound identification of the wild-type THF class-II riboswitch
Authors: Li Chunyan , Xu Xiaochen , Geng Zhi , Zheng Luqian , Song Qianqian , Shen Xin , Wu Jingjing , zhao Jin , Li Hongcheng , He Mengqi , Tai Xiaoqing , Zhang Long , Ma Jinbiao , Dong Yuhui , Ren Aiming 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Riboswitches are conserved regulatory RNA elements participating in various metabolic pathways. Recently, a novel RNA motif known as the folE RNA motif was discovered upstream of folE genes. It specifically senses tetrahydrofolate (THF) and is therefore termed THF-II riboswitch. To unravel the ligand recognition mechanism of this newly discovered riboswitch and decipher the underlying principles governing its tertiary folding, we determined both the free-form and bound-form THF-II riboswitch in the wild-type sequences. Combining structural information and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) binding assays on structure-based mutants, we successfully elucidated the significant long-range interactions governing the function of THF-II riboswitch and identified additional compounds, including alternative natural metabolites and potential lead compounds for drug discovery, that interact with THF-II riboswitch. Our structural research on the ligand recognition mechanism of the THF-II riboswitch not only paves the way for identification of compounds targeting riboswitches, but also facilitates the exploration of THF analogs in diverse biological contexts or for therapeutic applications.
DNA damage response in brain tumors: A Society for Neuro-Oncology consensus review on mechanisms and translational efforts in neuro-oncology
Authors: Rahman Rifaquat , Shi Diana D , Reitman Zachary J , Hamerlik Petra , de Groot John F , Haas-Kogan Daphne A , D’Andrea Alan D , Sulman Erik P , Tanner Kirk , Agar Nathalie Y R , Sarkaria Jann N , Tinkle Christopher L , Bindra Ranjit S , Mehta Minesh P , Wen Patrick Y 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
DNA damage response (DDR) mechanisms are critical to maintenance of overall genomic stability, and their dysfunction can contribute to oncogenesis. Significant advances in our understanding of DDR pathways have raised the possibility of developing therapies that exploit these processes. In this expert-driven consensus review, we examine mechanisms of response to DNA damage, progress in development of DDR inhibitors in IDH-wild-type glioblastoma and IDH-mutant gliomas, and other important considerations such as biomarker development, preclinical models, combination therapies, mechanisms of resistance and clinical trial design considerations.
Adventist Pastoral Ministry and Preaching
Authors: Lake Jud 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on how the Adventist pastoral ministry and its preaching developed from the beginning of the movement to the present. Early Adventist ministers often traveled from place to place preaching to gathered groups of believers and eventually received financial support and ministerial credentials from the church in 1863. Throughout the latter nineteenth century, the Adventist ministry grew significantly, although the pastors lacked formal training. Early in the twentieth century church leaders created ministerial institutes, started a journal for ministers, and established a seminary for ministerial training. Throughout the nineteenth century and far into the twentieth century Adventist preaching tended to be sermons of the textual-topical type and emphasized evangelistic preaching over pastoral preaching. Since the 1980s, however, there has been more emphasis on homiletical and exegetical training, and Adventist pastoral preaching is in a much better place.
Adventists in Africa
Authors: Sanou Boubakar 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
After a century of Adventist mission in Africa, the continent now accounts for 44 percent of the denomination’s total membership. This chapter critically explores the major factors that contributed to this noteworthy growth as well as the challenges encountered by both foreign and indigenous missionaries. The narrative integrates sociocultural, religious, and political elements that have influenced the course of Seventh-day Adventism on the continent. By exploring the dynamics of how these factors uniquely shaped the development of the Adventist community, the discussion not only provides insights into the multifaceted fabric of the church’s presence on the continent but also provides a nuanced perspective on the interplay between faith and culture.
Singing at Ellis Island
Authors: Maglione Dorothy Glick 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
During its operational period between 1892 and 1954, over 12,000,000 immigrants were processed at Ellis Island (New York, US), approximately 2,500,000 of whom were detained anywhere from a few days to several months due to illness, lack of proper documentation and funds, or miscommunication attributable to a language barrier. In an effort to shape the immigrant introduction to the United States, charitable organizations—under the supervision of immigration officials—sponsored musical events and activities to improve morale, aid in crowd control, and begin assimilation and Americanization. Organizers viewed communal singing as a means for unification, and regularly highlighted its occurrence at holiday celebrations and other events for detained individuals. Singing also functioned as a recreational activity for hospital patients. During and after World War I, the Public Health Service utilized every possible space—including the hospital at Ellis Island—to treat injured veterans. The Red Cross sponsored a song leader in the 1920s for the benefit of the service men, who attended the sessions in large numbers. While the Red Cross programs largely served the veterans, immigrants benefited as well. Utilizing materials at the Ellis Island Archives, newspaper reports, and records of charitable organizations, this chapter illustrates various avenues of singing at the station, used both as purposeful representations of American culture for immigrants and as recreational outlets for veterans.
Political Controversy II
Authors: Gardner John 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Concentrating on class and perceptions of the army, this chapter examines the transmission of violence between Waterloo (1815) and Peterloo (1819). Both events produced polarized views: from the celebratory congratulations of William Wordsworth and Robert Southey following Waterloo and Peterloo, to the violent misery of William Hazlitt and Robert Wedderburn after these events. Wordsworth, who became a dark tourist of the battle scenes, usually found inspiration in places inhabited by the dead, but at Peterloo may have found his younger, radical self-challenged by a new sympathy for the government-sanctioned killing of peaceful protestors. The conflation of violence between Waterloo and Peterloo further established that people were not so much separated by national interests as by class. Using texts by Samuel Bamford, George Cruikshank, Hazlitt, William Hone, Southey, Wedderburn, and Wordsworth, this chapter examines links between Waterloo and Peterloo as Britain saw demands for representation suppressed.
Political Economy
Authors: Mayhew Robert J. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In what Arnold Toynbee called the ‘war between economists and human beings’, the Romantics are seen as the paradigmatic representatives of the latter category, hostile at every turn to the discourse of political economy. The truth is in fact far more nuanced. This chapter will investigate this nuance from several angles. First, the extent to which writing in political economy engaged with the strategies of creative fiction. Second, this chapter will offer a balanced assessment of the reaction to political economy in Romantic prose by focussing on two texts: William Hazlitt’s Reply to the Essay on Population, one of the finest pieces of sustained vituperation in the canon of Romantic prose and Thomas De Quincey’s The Logic of Political Economy as a major Romantic writer’s more positive attempts to engage with political economy. This section will draw on recent critical work showing the extent to which Romantic writers drew on political economy even as they excoriated it.
Moments of Derivatives of Modular L-Functions
Authors: Kumar Sumit , Mallesham Kummari , Sharma Prahlad , K Singh Saurabh 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Let f be a newform for the group $\Gamma_{0}(q)$ and χd be a primitive quadratic character of conductor $|d|$. In this article, we prove an asymptotic for the second moment of the derivative of $L(s,\, f \otimes \chi_{8d})$ at the central point $1/2$, which was previously known under grand Riemann hypothesis (GRH) by Petrow [9].
Corticostriatal responses to social reward are linked to trait reward sensitivity and subclinical substance use in young adults
Authors: Wyngaarden James B , Johnston Camille R , Sazhin Daniel , Dennison Jeff B , Zaff Ori , Fareri Dominic , McCloskey Michael , Alloy Lauren B , Smith David V , Jarcho Johanna M 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Aberrant levels of reward sensitivity have been linked to substance use disorder and are characterized by alterations in reward processing in the ventral striatum (VS). Less is known about how reward sensitivity and subclinical substance use relate to striatal function during social rewards (e.g. positive peer feedback). Testing this relation is critical for predicting risk for development of substance use disorder. In this pre-registered study, participants (N = 44) underwent fMRI while completing well-matched tasks that assess neural response to reward in social and monetary domains. Contrary to our hypotheses, aberrant reward sensitivity blunted the relationship between substance use and striatal activation during receipt of rewards, regardless of domain. Moreover, exploratory whole-brain analyses showed unique relations between substance use and social rewards in temporoparietal junction. Psychophysiological interactions demonstrated that aberrant reward sensitivity is associated with increased connectivity between the VS and ventromedial prefrontal cortex during social rewards. Finally, we found that substance use was associated with decreased connectivity between the VS and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex for social rewards, independent of reward sensitivity. These findings demonstrate nuanced relations between reward sensitivity and substance use, even among those without substance use disorder, and suggest altered reward-related engagement of cortico-VS responses as potential predictors of developing disordered behavior.
Contrasting water-use strategies to climate warming in white birch and larch in a boreal permafrost region
Authors: Qi Xi , Treydte Kerstin , Saurer Matthias , Fang Keyan , An Wenling , Lehmann Marco , Liu Kunyuan , Wu Zhengfang , He Hong S , Du Haibo , Li Mai-He 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The effects of rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations (Ca) with climate warming on intrinsic water-use efficiency and radial growth in boreal forests are still poorly understood. We measured tree-ring cellulose δ13C, δ18O, and tree-ring width in Larix dahurica (larch) and Betula platyphylla (white birch), and analyzed their relationships with climate variables in a boreal permafrost region of northeast China over past 68 years covering a pre-warming period (1951–1984; base period) and a warm period (1985–2018; warm period). We found that white birch but not larch significantly increased their radial growth over the warm period. The increased intrinsic water-use efficiency in both species was mainly driven by elevated Ca but not climate warming. White birch but not larch showed significantly positive correlations between tree-ring δ13C, δ18O and summer maximum temperature as well as vapor pressure deficit in the warm period, suggesting a strong stomatal response in the broad-leaved birch to temperature changes. The climate warming-induced radial growth enhancement in white birch is primarily associated with a conservative water-use strategy. In contrast, larch exhibits a profligate water-use strategy. It implies an advantage for white birch over larch in the warming permafrost regions.
External Versus Internal Focus of Attention in Procedural Skills Learning: A Randomized Study
Authors: Tarasova Natalia , Wilkins Parvathi , Cook David A. , Pankratz V. Shane , Morrey Mark M. , Laack Torrey A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Purpose
The Optimizing Performance Through Intrinsic Motivation and Attention for Learning (OPTIMAL) theory postulates that directing attention to the intended movement effect or outcome (external focus) is more effective than directing attention to the internal body motion or body part (internal focus). This study compared external versus internal focus of attention as novice students learned ultrasound-guided peripheral cannulation. The authors hypothesized that conditions promoting an external (vs internal) focus of attention would result in better performance on immediate and delayed (retention) testing.

Method
The authors conducted a randomized, experimental study from October 2022 to February 2023 comparing external and internal focus using ultrasound-guided peripheral venous cannulation followed by practice using an ultrasound training block. Undergraduate health science students performed 4 practice trials with instructions to focus on the needle tip (external focus) or their hands (internal focus), followed by immediate and delayed (retention) assessment 2 weeks later. The primary outcome was time to successful cannulation. Results were compared using Kaplan-Meier curves and parametric survival analysis regression (accelerated failure time) models.

Results
Seventy participants completed the immediate assessment. The external focus group completed successful cannulation a mean of 2.33 times faster (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.47–3.67; P < .001) than those in the internal focus group (median time, 12.0 vs 29.5 seconds). Results also favored the external focus group during practice, with the external focus group successfully completing the task a mean of 1.83 times faster (95% CI, 1.04–3.21; P = .04) than the internal focus group. In the retention assessment, the external focus group successfully completed the task a mean of 2.37 times faster (95% CI, 1.19–4.74; P = .02) than the internal focus group.

Conclusions
External focus of attention compared with internal focus of attention improves medical motor skill learning in novice learners.
Comparing FGFR-3 and TS-HDS Seropositive Small Fiber Neuropathy: Unique Patient Features, Symptoms, Laboratory, and Nerve Conduction Study Findings
Authors: Murin Peyton J. , Khasiyev Farid , Profirovic Jasmina , Fedorova Margarita , Kafaie Jafar 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objectives:
Small fiber neuropathy presents a significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. To solve this challenge, efforts have been made to identify autoantibodies associated with this condition. Previous literature has often considered tri-sulfated heparin disaccharide (TS-HDS) and fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) as a singular seropositive group and/or focused primarily on symptomatic associations.

Methods:
One hundred seventy-two small fiber neuropathy patients with a Washington University Sensory Neuropathy panel were selected for TS-HDS seropositivity, FGFR-3 seropositivity, and seronegative controls. Data were collected to on the demographic, symptomatic, and laboratory profiles of each subgroup.

Results:
Percent female (P = 0.0043), frequency of neuropathic pain symptoms (P = 0.0074), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P = 0.0293), vitamin D (P < 0.0001), and vitamin B12 (P = 0.0033) differed between the groups. Skin biopsy was more frequently normal within both the FGFR-3 and the TS-HDS cohort (P = 0.0253).

Conclusions:
TS-HDS and FGFR-3 display a distinct phenotype from both controls and one another. Immunoglobulin M (IgM) against FGFR-3 and IgM against TS-HDS may be individually valuable markers for the development of distinct clinical phenotypes.