bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epigenetic abnormality of SRY gene in the adult XY female with pericentric inversion of the Y chromosome
Authors: Mitsuhashi Tomoko , Warita Katsuhiko , Sugawara Teruo , Tabuchi Yoshiaki , Takasaki Ichiro , Kondo Takashi , Hayashi Fumio , Wang Zhi‐Yu , Matsumoto Yoshiki , Miki Takanori , Takeuchi Yoshiki , Ebina Yasuhiko , Yamada Hideto , Sakuragi Noriaki , Yokoyama Toshifumi , Nanmori Takashi , Kitagawa Hiroshi , Kant Jeffrey A. , Hoshi Nobuhiko 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTIn normal ontogenetic development, the expression of the sex‐determining region of the Y chromosome (SRY) gene, involved in the first step of male sex differentiation, is spatiotemporally regulated in an elaborate fashion. SRY is expressed in germ cells and Sertoli cells in adult testes. However, only few reports have focused on the expressions of SRY and the other sex‐determining genes in both the classical organ developing through these genes (gonad) and the peripheral tissue (skin) of adult XY females. In this study, we examined the gonadal tissue and fibroblasts of a 17‐year‐old woman suspected of having disorders of sexual differentiation by cytogenetic, histological, and molecular analyses. The patient was found to have the 46,X,inv(Y)(p11.2q11.2) karyotype and streak gonads with abnormally prolonged SRY expression. The sex‐determining gene expressions in the patient‐derived fibroblasts were significantly changed relative to those from a normal male. Further, the acetylated histone H3 levels in the SRY region were significantly high relative to those of the normal male. As SRY is epistatic in the sex‐determination pathway, the prolonged SRY expression possibly induced a destabilizing effect on the expressions of the downstream sex‐determining genes. Collectively, alterations in the sex‐determining gene expressions persisted in association with disorders of sexual differentiation not only in the streak gonads but also in the skin of the patient. The findings suggest that correct regulation of SRY expression is crucial for normal male sex differentiation, even if SRY is translated normally.
Congenital abnormalities in the offspring of pregnant women with type 1, type 2 and gestational diabetes mellitus: A population‐based case‐control study
Authors: Bánhidy Ferenc , Ács Nándor , Puhó Erzsébet H. , Czeizel Andrew E. 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTTo estimate the risk of structural birth defects (i.e. congenital abnormalities [CA]) in the offspring of pregnant women with type 1 (DM‐1), type 2 (DM‐2) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to check the efficacy of recent specific care of diabetic pregnant women in the reduction of DM‐related CA. Comparison was made of the occurrence of medically recorded types of diabetes mellitus in pregnant women who had malformed fetuses/newborns (cases) and who delivered healthy babies (controls) in the population‐based Hungarian Case‐Control Surveillance System of Congenital Abnormalities, 1980–1996. In the case group, which included 22 843 offspring, there were 79 (0.35%) pregnant women with DM‐1, 77 (0.34%) pregnant women with DM‐2 and 120 (0.53%) pregnant women with GDM. The control group comprised 38 151 newborns, and 88 (0.23%), 141 (0.37%) and 229 (0.60%) pregnant women with DM‐1, DM‐2 and GDM, respectively. The total rate of cases with CA was higher only in the DM‐1 group (adjusted OR with 95% CI: 1.5, 1.1–2.0) and within four specific types/groups: isolated renal a/dysgenesis, obstructive CA of the urinary tract, cardiovascular CA and multiple CA; namely, caudal dysplasia sequence. The risk of total CA was lower in the present study compared to the risk in previous studies and the DM‐1‐related spectrum of CA was also different. There was no higher risk of total CA in the offspring of pregnant women with DM‐2 and GDM. The certain part of maternal teratogenic effect of DM‐1 is preventable with appropriate periconceptional and prenatal care of diabetic women.
Teratogenic potential of pholedrine: A sympathomimetic vasoconstrictive drug – A population‐based case‐control study
Authors: Bánhidy Ferenc , Ács Nándor , Puhó Erzsébet H. , Czeizel Andrew E. 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTPholedrine was a frequently used drug for the treatment of severe hypotension in some countries, including Hungary. The possible teratogenic effect of pholedrine was not checked; therefore; the birth outcomes, particularly congenital abnormalities (CAs), of infants born to women treated with pholedrine during pregnancy, and pregnancy complications were evaluated in the population‐based large dataset of the Hungarian Case‐Control Surveillance System of Congenital Abnormalities. Cases with CA and their matched controls without CA born to mothers with pholedrine use during pregnancy were compared. Of 22 843 cases and 38 151 controls, 768 (3.4%) and 1509 (4.0%) were born to mothers with pholedrine treatment, respectively (adjusted odds ratios [OR] with 95% CI: 0.9, 0.8–1.0). There was no higher risk for any CA group in the offspring of mothers who used pholedrine during the second and/or third month of pregnancy (i.e. the critical period of most major CA). The mean gestational week at delivery and birthweight was similar in newborns of women with or without pholedrine treatment during pregnancy. The pattern of pregnancy complications was characteristic (lower incidence of preeclampsia/eclampsia, while higher incidence of severe nausea/vomiting and anemia), explained mainly by the underlying maternal hypotension. In conclusion, pholedrine treatment in pregnant women was not associated with a higher risk for CA or other adverse birth outcomes, such as preterm birth or low birthweight. The knowledge of the teratogenic potential of pholedrine may contribute to the evaluation of other sympathomimetic drugs.
Effect of water stress on ten forage grasses native or introduced to Iran
Authors: Bahrani Mohammad Jafar , Bahrami Hossein , Haghighi Ali Akbar Kamgar 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWater stress is one of the most limiting factors in crop and forage production in semi‐arid and arid regions. In a greenhouse experiment, ten forage grass species native or introduced to Iran were tested under imposed water stress. The experiment followed a 10 (species) × 3 (soil moisture) factorial design in four randomized blocks. The grass species were desert wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum [Fisch] Schult.), tall wheatgrass (A. elongatum Host Beavu.), smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), June wildrye (Elymus junceus Fisch.), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), perennial ryegrass (Lolium prenne L.), blue panicum (Panicum antidotale Retz.), large canarygrass (Phalaris tuberosa L.) and mountain wildrye (Secale montaneum Guss.). These species were grown in pots at three levels of moisture (23% [control], 17% [moderate] and 14% [severe] on the dry soil weight basis). Increased water stress decreased total water use in all grass species and tended to decrease plant height, leaf water potential, leaf area, water‐use efficiency and root dry weight in all or most species, with varying degrees of reduction among the species. On the contrary, water stress generally had no effects on the root : shoot ratio of the grasses. Based on the reduction in total dry matter production under the two stress levels, tall wheatgrass and smooth bromegrass were the most drought‐tolerant species, while orchardgrass was the most susceptible species.
Effect of adding lactic acid bacteria and molasses on fermentation quality and in vitro ruminal digestion of total mixed ration silage prepared with whole crop rice
Authors: Cao Yang , Takahashi Toshiyoshi , Horiguchi Ken‐ichi , Yoshida Norio 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis study examined the effects of molasses (M) and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on the quality of total mixed ration (TMR) silages prepared with whole crop rice (WCR) and tofu cake (TC). Chemical composition, organic acids, and in vitro ruminal digestion were determined. Silages were prepared using a small‐scale system of silage fermentation. Treatments included control silage without additive, or with M (4% fresh matter basis), LAB (5 mg kg−1 fresh mater basis, Lactobacillus plantarum Chikuso‐1), and M+LAB. After 60 days of fermentation, there were no notable differences in chemical composition among treatments. The four silages were of good quality with low pH and NH3‐N, and high lactic acid (LA) and V‐scores. Both LAB and M+LAB silages had more (P = 0.005) LA contents than the control and M silages. Addition of LAB tended to decrease (P = 0.065) ruminal methane production after 6 h in vitro incubation, although DM digestibility, total volatile fatty acids, and the molar concentrations of acetic acid, isovaleric acid, valeric acid, propionic acid, and the acetic : propionic acid ratio were not affected, whereas butyric acid was higher (P = 0.008) with the control than with the other silages. Our results suggest that adding LAB increased the LA content of TMR silage and tended to decrease ruminal methane production, while adding M did not significantly increase the LA content of TMR silage and tended to increase ruminal methane production in vitro.
Rehabilitation of olfaction post‐laryngectomy: a randomised control trial comparing clinician assisted versus a home practice approach
Authors: Ward E. , Coleman A. , Van As‐Brooks C. , Kerle S. 
Published: February 2010

Clin. Otolaryngol. 2010, 35, 39–45.Objectives:  To determine (i) the prevalence of impaired olfaction in a group of individuals post‐laryngectomy, and (ii) whether intensive, clinician‐supported training of the Nasal Airflow Inducing Manoeuvre (NAIM) was more effective at improving olfactory acuity than intensive, home practice over a 6‐week period.Designs:  Cohort study followed by a randomised control trial of two treatments over a 6‐week period with a 3‐month review.Participants:  Olfactory acuity was evaluated in 43 laryngectomy patients. Results revealed 95% had impaired olfactory acuity (anosmic or hyposmic). From this group 40 eligible participants with reduced olfactory acuity were then randomly assigned into either the clinician‐supported or home practice treatment group.Main outcome measures:  Olfactory acuity and functional impact measures relating to olfactory acuity (participation restriction, wellbeing/distress).Results:  Although olfactory acuity significantly improved in both treatment groups following 6 weeks of therapy, results indicated significantly greater improvement in the clinician‐assisted group immediately post‐treatment. By 3 months, post‐treatment effects were maintained. Both modes of treatment improved levels of patient wellbeing, however, only the clinician‐assisted mode made a significant positive effect on levels of perceived participation restriction.Conclusion:  Reduced olfactory acuity is prevalent post‐laryngectomy. Olfactory acuity can be significantly improved using either 6 weeks of clinician‐assisted or home practice using the NAIM manoeuvre, although the current data suggest that intensive clinician‐assisted treatment can assist patients to improve more rapidly and have a positive impact on functional state.
The incidence of epiglottic cysts in a cohort of adults with acute epiglottitis
Authors: Yoon T.M. , Choi J.O. , Lim S.C. , Lee J.K. 
Published: February 2010

Clin. Otolaryngol. 2010, 35, 18–24.Objective:  To evaluate the effects of a coexisting epiglottic cyst on the clinical course and airway management of acute epiglottitis in adults. A review of the airway risk factors were studied in adults with acute epiglottitis in South Korea from 1997 to 2009.Design:  Retrospective chart review.Setting:  Academic tertiary care referral medical center.Participants:  The study included 117 adult patients that were diagnosed with acute epiglottitis laryngoscopically over a period of 12 years. Two distinct groups were identified: one with acute epiglottitis associated with an infected epiglottic cyst (n = 29, 25%) and the other with acute epiglotittis without a cyst (n = 88, 75%).Main outcome measures:  Patient background data, clinical manifestations, laboratory data, airway management, outcomes, and recurrence were recorded.Results:  Eight (28%) out of 29 patients with an infected epiglottic cyst required airway intervention compared to the four (5%) out of 88 patients without a cyst. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P = 0.001). Five out of six patients with recurrent acute epiglottitis had a coexisting epiglottic cyst. The recurrence of acute epiglottitis in patients with a cyst was significantly more frequent (P = 0.003). Twelve patients (10%) required airway intervention. There was no mortality found in this study. Logistic regression analysis showed that an older age, dyspnoea, a high pulse rate, and the presence of an epiglottic cyst were associated with an increased risk for airway obstruction.Conclusions:  The results of this study showed that a pre‐existing epiglottic cyst might be associated with a suppurative infection of the supraglottis. Infected epiglottic cysts increased the risk for airway obstruction and recurrence of acute epiglottitis.
The role of psychological distress in laryngopharyngeal reflux patients: a prospective questionnaire study
Authors: Shin K.‐S. , Tae K. , Jeong J.‐H. , Jeong S.‐W. , Kim K.‐R. , Park C.‐W. , Park Y.‐C. 
Published: February 2010

Clin. Otolaryngol. 2010, 35, 25–30.Objectives:  To determine the role of psychological distress in laryngopharyngeal reflux patients and evaluate the correlation between symptoms, laryngeal signs, pH monitoring results and psychological profile.Design:  Prospective study.Setting:  Hanyang University Hospital, a university teaching hospital and tertiary referral center.Participants:  One hundred and six patients who were diagnosed with laryngopharyngeal reflux by 24‐h ambulatory double probe pH monitoring and 119 healthy controls visiting our health promotion center from January 2006 to June 2007.Main outcome measures:  The psychological profile of laryngopharyngeal reflux patients measured by the Symptom Checklist‐90‐Revised questionnaire were evaluated and compared with those of healthy controls. The correlation between reflux symptom index, reflux finding score, parameters of pH monitoring and the Symptom Checklist‐90‐Revised profiles were also evaluated.Results:  On the Symptom Checklist‐90‐Revised questionnaire, the total mean T‐scores of the nine symptom dimensions and three global indices of the laryngopharyngeal reflux patients were all below 50. The Global Severity Index, which indicates overall psychological distress, was normal in all of the patients. On comparison with the control group, no statistically significant difference was noted in the psychological profile except on the Somatisation scale where laryngopharyngeal reflux patients showed significantly higher scores. Reflux symptom index showed significant positive correlation with the number of reflux episodes, percentage of time which pH fell below 4 in total positions, and DeMeester score of the upper probe. The nine symptom dimensions and three global indices of Symptom Checklist‐90‐Revised questionnaire did not show any correlation with reflux symptom index, reflux finding score and the parameters of the 24‐h ambulatory double probe pH monitoring.Conclusions:  Laryngopharyngeal reflux patients did not demonstrate any significant level of psychological distress and their symptom severity showed significant positive correlation with reflux severity.
Association of Acenaphthoporphyrins with Liposomes for the Photodynamic Treatment of Leishmaniasis
Authors: Gardner Daniel M. , Taylor Viviana M. , Cedeño David L. , Padhee Shruti , Robledo Sara M. , Jones Marjorie A. , Lash Timothy D. , Vélez Iván D. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAcenaphthoporphyrins are potential photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy, but their hydrophobicity limits their potential. Liposomes have been widely investigated as delivery vehicles that can transport hydrophobic drugs in biological systems. Here we study the association of acenaphthoporphyrins with liposomes made up of dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC), and to liposomes made up of a mixture of DMPC, cholesterol (Chol) and distearoyl phosphatidylglycerol (DSPG) in a 2:1:0.8 molar ratio to evaluate how liposome composition affects association constants. In liposomes consisting only of DMPC, the smaller monoacenaphthoporphyrin had the largest association constant of 5.5 × 104 m−1 while the larger adj‐diacenaphthoporphyrin and opp‐diacenaphthoporphyrin (ODP) had smaller association constants at 1.8 × 104 and 1.5 × 104 m−1, respectively. The addition of liposomal Chol and DSPG has little effect on the magnitudes of the association constants. Polarization studies show that the acenaphthoporphyrins are driven far into the lipid bilayer to minimize polar–nonpolar interactions. Confocal microscopy confirms that the DMPC liposomes transport the porphyrins into promastigotes of Leishmania tarentolae. The compounds associated with DMPC:Chol:DSPG liposomes are effective in vitro against axenic and intracellular amastigotes of the pathogenic Leishmania panamensis. The effectiveness of the compounds is enhanced upon exposure of cultures to visible light.
Saproxylic parasitoid (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonoidea) communities in managed boreal forest landscapes
Authors: STENBACKA FREDRIK , HJÄLTÉN JOAKIM , HILSZCZAŃSKI JACEK , BALL JOHN P. , GIBB HELOISE , JOHANSSON THERESE , PETTERSSON ROGER B. , DANELL KJELL 
Published: February 2010

Abstract.  1. Species of higher trophic levels are predicted to be more vulnerable to disturbances (e.g. by forestry) than their prey because of low population densities, extreme specialisation and reliance on intact trophic chains.2. The aim of this study was to acquire some much‐needed basic information on saproxylic parasitoids in boreal forest landscapes. To obtain reliable estimates of species richness, abundance, assemblage composition and host associations of saproxylic parasitoids in different stand types (clear‐cuts, mature managed forests and old‐growth reserves), we used two different methods (emergence traps and window traps).3. Window traps caught more species and gave a better measure of the species pool in different stand types, while emergence traps were more suitable for detailed analyses concerning substrate requirements, hatching periods and to some extent host choice.4. The general distribution pattern revealed no significant differences in species richness among stand types, but parasitoid assemblages were affected by forest successional stage. Idiobionts, dominated by Ontsira antica and Bracon obscurator, preferred clear‐cuts over forested sites, while koinobionts, especially Cosmophorus regius, were more common in mature forests and reserves. We conclude that the stand types studied were complementary in assemblage composition, but that none held a complete assemblage of saproxylic parasitoids and we suggest that a range of successional stages be retained to help conserve the entire parasitoid community.
Suppression of Eddy Diffusivity across Jets in the Southern Ocean
Authors: Ferrari Raffaele , Nikurashin Maxim 
Published: February 2010

AbstractGeostrophic eddies control the meridional mixing of heat, carbon, and other climatically important tracers in the Southern Ocean. The rate of eddy mixing is typically quantified through an eddy diffusivity. There is an ongoing debate as to whether eddy mixing in enhanced in the core of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current or on its flanks. A simple expression is derived that predicts the rate of eddy mixing, that is, the eddy diffusivity, as a function of eddy and mean current statistics. This novel expression predicts suppression of the cross-jet eddy diffusivity in the core of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, despite enhanced values of eddy kinetic energy. The expression is qualitatively and quantitatively validated by independent estimates of eddy mixing from altimetry observations. This work suggests that the meridional eddy diffusivity across the Antarctic Circumpolar Current is weaker than presently assumed because of the suppression of eddy mixing by the strong zonal current.
Toward the Probabilistic Simulation of Storm Surge and Inundation in a Limited-Resource Environment
Authors: Davis Justin R. , Paramygin Vladimir A. , Forrest David , Sheng Y. Peter 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
To create more useful storm surge and inundation forecast products, probabilistic elements are being incorporated. To achieve the highest levels of confidence in these products, it is essential that as many simulations as possible are performed during the limited amount of time available. This paper develops a framework by which probabilistic storm surge and inundation forecasts within the Curvilinear Hydrodynamics in 3D (CH3D) Storm Surge Modeling System and the Southeastern Universities Research Association Coastal Ocean Observing and Prediction Program’s forecasting systems are initiated with specific focus on the application of these methods in a limited-resource environment. Ensemble sets are created by dividing probability density functions (PDFs) of the National Hurricane Center model forecast error into bins, which are then grouped into priority levels (PLs) such that each subsequent level relies on results computed earlier and has an increasing confidence associated with it. The PDFs are then used to develop an ensemble of analytic wind and pressure fields for use by storm surge and inundation models. Using this approach applied with official National Hurricane Center (OFCL) forecast errors, an analysis of Hurricane Charley is performed. After first validating the simulation of storm surge, a series of ensemble simulations are performed representing the forecast errors for the 72-, 48-, 24-, and 12-h forecasts. Analysis of the aggregated products shows that PL4 (27 members) is sufficient to resolve 90% of the inundation within the domain and appears to represent the best balance between accuracy and timeliness of computed products for this case study. A 5-day forecast using the PL4 set is shown to complete in 83 min, while the intermediate PL2 and PL3 products, representing slightly less confidence, complete in 14 and 28 min, respectively.
Hepatocyte-targeted HFE and TFR2 control hepcidin expression in mice
Authors: Gao Junwei , Chen Juxing , De Domenico Ivana , Koeller David M. , Harding Cary O. , Fleming Robert E. , Koeberl Dwight D. , Enns Caroline A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractHereditary hemochromatosis is caused by mutations in the hereditary hemochromatosis protein (HFE), transferrin-receptor 2 (TfR2), hemojuvelin, hepcidin, or ferroportin genes. Hepcidin is a key iron regulator, which is secreted by the liver, and decreases serum iron levels by causing the down-regulation of the iron transporter, ferroportin. Mutations in either HFE or TfR2 lower hepcidin levels, implying that both HFE and TfR2 are necessary for regulation of hepcidin expression. In this study, we used a recombinant adeno-associated virus, AAV2/8, for hepatocyte-specific expression of either Hfe or Tfr2 in mice. Expression of Hfe in Hfe-null mice both increased Hfe and hepcidin mRNA and lowered hepatic iron and Tf saturation. Expression of Tfr2 in Tfr2-deficient mice had a similar effect, whereas expression of Hfe in Tfr2-deficient mice or of Tfr2 in Hfe-null mice had no effect on liver or serum iron levels. Expression of Hfe in wild-type mice increased hepcidin mRNA and lowered iron levels. In contrast, expression of Tfr2 had no effect on wild-type mice. These findings suggest that Hfe is limiting in formation of the Hfe/Tfr2 complex that regulates hepcidin expression. In addition, these studies show that the use of recombinant AAV vector to deliver genes is a promising approach for studying physiologic consequences of protein complexes.