bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serotonin‐Induced Short‐Circuit Current in Pig Jejunum
Authors: Hansen M. B. , Thorbøll J. E. , Christensen P. , Bindslev N. , Skadhauge E. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThis paper presents the effects of serotonin (5‐HT) on short‐circuit current (SCC), sodium and chloride fluxes, and prostaglandin E2release in pig jejunum, using the Ussing‐chamber technique.5‐HT elicited a dose‐dependent increase in SCC, yielding an EC50of 6 ± 4 μM and EMAXof 77± 8 μA. cm−2using about 100 ±. Inhibited sodium absorption and stimulated chloride secretion carried part of the 5‐HT‐induced SCC. 5‐HT caused a dose‐independent PGE2release, and indomethacin reduced the SCC‐inducing effect of 5‐HT by 40%. Octreotide, a long‐lasting somatostatin analogue, also reduced 5‐HT‐induced SCC by about 40%, while tetrodotoxin (TTX) did not alter the effect of 5‐HT.In conclusion, 5‐HT causes a dose‐dependent indomethacin and octreotide‐sensitive, and TTX‐insensitive increase in SCC, and a chloride secretion and inhibited sodium absorption and an increased release of PGE2in pig jejunum in vitro.Abbreviations: 5‐HT, 5‐hydroxytryptamine, serotonin; Cl−, chloride; Na+, sodium; HCO3−, bicarbonate; J, ion flux; PGE2, prostaglandin E2; TTX, tetrodotoxin; AUC, area under the curve; T1/2, halftime.
Hormonal and Metabolic Responses to the Stress of Transport and Slaughterhouse Procedures in Clenbuterol‐Fed Pigs
Authors: Baldi A. , Bontempo V. , Cheli F. , Corino C. , Polidori F. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe aim of this study was to evaluate if metabolic and endocrine adaptive responses to stressful stimuli are influenced by clenbuterol treatment in pigs.Two groups of nine Goland barrows of 167 kg liveweight, fed diets containing 0 (control) or 1 ppm of clenbuterol (clenbuterol‐treated) for 40 days, were used. Blood samples were collected by jugular venipuncture the day before (day 40) and at slaughter (day 41). On day 40 clenbuterol‐treated pigs had lower levels of thyroxin, tri‐iodothyronine, insulin, urea and higher levels of lactate and creatine phosphokinase activity. On day 41, thyroxin concentration was lower and creatine phosphokinase activity higher in clenbuterol‐treated pigs than in controls. In response to transport and slaughterhouse procedures, most of the parameters considered both in clenbuterol‐treated and in control pigs increased.
Trisomy D1, Marker F1: New Cytogenetic Findings in Two Cases of Feline Fibrosarcoma
Authors: Mayr B. , Hofstadler E. , Schleger W. , Reifinger M. , Eisenmenger E. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryAn 11‐year‐old female cat and a 12‐year‐old male cat developed fibrosarcomas. Trisomy D1 was observed in a high percentage (20 %) of the tumour cells of the female patient while a large marker chromosome F1 was present in 25 % of the tumour cells of the male patient.
Bewertung von hypoxischen Zuständen beim Kalb mit Hilfe des Erythrozytendichtetests (EDT)
Authors: Flegel Th. , Hartmann H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryEstimation of Hypoxic Conditions in Calves Using the Erythrocyte Density Separation TestThe erythrocyte density separation test (EDT) divides the red blood cells into two groups: younger (less dense) and older (more dense) erythrocytes. Using this test enables veterinarians to assess the erythropoiesis in calves on the basis of the percentage of less dense (younger) red blood cells. Anemic calves, as well as those with pneumonic infections show higher proportions of less dense red blood cells in the EDT than healthy ones.This testing procedure makes it possible to estimate the effects of an oxygen deficiency condition, such as hypoxemia, anemia, shock etc. on the peripheral tissues. So the EDT represents a valuable complement to existing hematological laboratory methods. Carrying out the EDT is very simple and suitable in routine clinical testing.ZusammenfassungDer Erythrozytendichtetest (EDT), der den Anteil der jugendlichen (leichteren) Erythrozyten an der Gesamtpopulation der roten Blutzellen mit Hilfe deren Dichte ermittelt, ist beim Kalb geeigner, eine gesteigerte Erythropoese unterschiedlicher Genese zu beschreiben. Sowohl anämische als auch lungenkranke Kälber zeigen höhere Befunde im EDT als die gesunden Vergleichstiere. Mit den Ergebnissen des EDT gelingt es diagnostisch vorteilhaft, die Auswirkungen von O2‐Mangelzuständen, wie Hypoxämie, Anämie, Schock u.a., auf das periphere Gewebe zu beurteilen. Der Test stellt somit eine wertvolle Ergänzung bereits vorhandener hämatologischer Verfahren dar. Die Testdurchführung ist einfach und für die klinische Routinediagnostik geeignet.
Occurrence of Iron Deficiency in Growing Cattle
Authors: Lindt F. , Blum J. W. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryOccurrence of iron (Fe) deficiency anaemia was investigated in 33 farms in 443 veal calves (group VC; 83 % males and 17 % females) fed whole, defatted or butter milk or milk powder without or with supplements and in 72 age‐ and weight‐matched bull calves (group BC) fed roughage, concentrates with mineral and vitamin supplements. In group VC plasma Fe concentration was much more frequently decreased and total iron binding capacity was much more frequently increased than in group BC. In group VC haemoglobin concentration (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV) and red blood cell number (RBC) in 18, 23 and 3 %, respectively, of calves were below—2 SD of the mean of reference values (Hb: 105 ± 14 g/l, PCV: 0.28 ± 0.04 l/l, RBC: 8.2 ± 1.0 T/l [means ± 2 SD]), shown in another study to remain stable throughout the growth period when veal calves were fed 52 mg Fe/kg milk replacer. In contrast, in calves of group RC only 3 % of Hb values, 3 % of PCV and 1 % of RBC were below reference values. Fe deficiency anaemia is therefore a rather frequent problem in veal calves, but not in young bulls, fed roughage, concentrates and mineral/vitamin supplements.
Der Einfluß des Pansenstoffwechsels auf zyklische N‐Verbindungen im Blutplasma von Wiederkäuern
Authors: Arui S. , Stangassinger M. , Giesecke D. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe Influence of Rumen Metabolism on Cyclic N‐Compounds in the Blood Plasma of RuminantsThe purpose of this paper was to study the effect of rumen metabolism on the concentration of certain cyclic N‐compounds in blood plasma. The plasma from two groups of lambs in the phase of rumen development during early and late weaning was used. As a second model, samples from steers fed at maintenance and after emptying of the rumen via cannula were used. Plasma samples were obtained from the jugular vein in regular intervals. The HPLC‐technique was employed as analytical method.The plasma levels of allantoin and of hippuric acid increased about 2.2–3.7 fold and 2.4–6.4 fold in lambs during rumen development. They decreased to about 43 % and 13 % after emptying the rumen of steers. These metabolites appear to reflect rumen protein synthesis and fibre breakdown and are considered useful estimators of rumen function. Cytidine, uridine, uric acid and hypoxanthine were only influenced in part by rumen metabolism. Plasma pseudouridine was decreased and creatinine was increased in lambs in relation to body mass and remained unaffected in steers.ZusammenfassungUm den Einfluß des Pansenstoffwechsels auf bestimmte zyklische N‐Verbindungen im Blutplasma von Wiederkäuern zu klären, wurden Proben aus zwei Untersuchungsreihen gewonnen und mittels HPLC analysiert: erstens von Lämmern vor und nach früher bzw. später Entwöhnung; zweitens von Ochsen mit Pansenkanülen vor und nach Entleerung des Pansens.Die Plasmawerte von Allantoin und Hippursäure erhöhten sich während der Pansenentwicklung 2, 2 bzw. 2, 4 fach (frühentwöhnte Gruppe) und 3, 7 bzw. 6, 4 fach (spätentwöhnte Gruppe). Die Metabolitkonzentration im Plasma von Ochsen nahmen nach Entleerung des Pansens auf rund 43 % (Allantoin) und 13 % (Hippursäure) der Normalwerte ab. Diese Metaboliten können zur Bewertung der Proteinsynthese bzw. der Faserverdauung im Pansen herangezogen werden. Die Konzentrationen von Uridin, Cytidin, Harnsäure und Hypoxanthin im Plasma hängen weniger deutlich vom Pansenstoffwechsel ab und unterliegen auch anderen Einflüssen. Pseudouridin und Kreatinin im Plasma waren unabhängig vom Pansenstoffwechsel. Ihre Konzentrationen fielen (Pseudouridin) bzw. stiegen (Kreatinin) mit der Körpermasse.
Passage of a Heterologous Protein through Ileal Enterocytes of Newborn Piglets: Immunolabelling of Bovine Serum Albumin at the Light‐ and Electron Microscopic Level
Authors: Sierralta W. D. , Qualmann B. , Klobasa F. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe passage of bovine serum albumin through ileum enterocytes of neonatal pigs was studied by light microscopy with indirect immunoperoxidase and by electron microscopy with post‐embedding direct immunogold methods. Vacuoles filled with the heterologous protein were seen as early as 10 min after the administration of either bovine serum or solutions of bovine serum albumin by gavage. The sizes of vacuoles increased with time, their electron densities and immunoreactivities were at variance. The formation of albumin‐containing vacuoles was independent of the concentration of the solutions fed, ranging from 1 to 7%. Bovine serum albumin becomes discernible in the capillaries at 4 h after feeding. By then, the intact albumin transported through enterocytes amounted to more than 10% of the circulating plasma proteins. Of several thousand enterocytes screened in the whole study only one—from the piglet 4 h after feeding—contained lysosomes.
Methodische Aspekte für die koagulometrische Aktivitätsbestimmung der Gerinnungsfaktoren II, V, VII und X aus Hundeplasma
Authors: Mischke R. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryMethodological Aspects of the Coagulometric Measurement of Factor II, V, VII and X Activity in Dog Plasma.For optimization of single factor II, V, VII and X activity measurements in dogs, dilution series of dog pool plasma were prepared using different commercially available calcium thrombo plastins and deficient plasmas. Measured by use of a canine reference curve, the single factor activity in humans was 89% (factor II), 13% (factor V), 27% (factor VII) and 84% (factor X). Because the factor V and VII activity in dogs is much higher than in humans, in measurements using human‐deficient plasma, a high sample predilution of at least 1:40 seems to be of advantage. Otherwise extreme variations of the factor V and VII activity may also influence the results of the other single factors. For determination of factor II, V and X activity, therefore, a non‐standardized human placenta thromboplastin was especially suitable. With this reagent, the results were also reproducible at high sample dilutions (1:80, factor II and X; 1:160, factor V). Because of the low sensitivity of non‐standardized human placenta thromboplastin to factor VII, measurements of this factor at a sample dilution of 1:40 required a standardized human placenta, or rabbit brain thromboplastin had to be used. For factor II measurements, the selection of a suitable deficient plasma is particularly important. Here, the reference curve showed a clear dependence on the commercial preparation chosen.ZusammenfassungZur Optimierung der Faktor II‐, V‐, VII‐ und X‐Aktivitätsbestimmung beim Hund wurden Hundepoolplasma‐Verdünnungsreihen für verschiedene kommerzielle Calcium‐Thrombopla‐stine und Mangelplasmen erstellt. Gemessen an einer caninen Referenzkurve betrug die Einzelfaktoraktivität von humanem Referenzplasma 89% (Faktor II), 13% (Faktor V), 27% (Faktor VII) und 84% (Faktor X). Aufgrund der im Vergleich zum Menschen vielfachen höheren Faktor V‐ und VII‐Aktivität des Hundes ist bei der Messung mit humanem Mangelplasma eine hohe Probenvorverdünnung von mindestens 1:40 sinnvoll. Andernfalls könnten extreme Faktor V‐ und VII‐Aktivitätsschwankungen auch die Meßwerte anderer Einzelfaktoren beeinflussen. Für die Messung der Faktor II‐, V‐ und X‐Aktivität zeigte sich deshalb ein nicht standardisiertes Humanplazenta‐Thromboplastin besonders geeignet, womit die Ergebnisse auch bei hoher Probenverdünnung (1:80: Faktor II und X; 1:160: Faktor V) gut reproduzierbar waren. Aufgrund der geringen Faktor VII‐Empfindlichkeit von nicht standardisiertem Humanplazenta‐Thromboplastin muß allerdings bei der Messung dieses Faktors bei einer Probenverdünnung von 1:40 auf standardisiertes Humanplazenta‐oder Kaninchenhirn‐Thromboplastin zurückgegriffen werden. Besonders bei der Faktor II‐Messung ist ebenfalls die Auswahl eines geeigneten Mangelplasmas zu beachten. Hier ergaben sich deutliche Unterschiede zwischen verschiedenen kommerziellen Präparationen.
Are Muscarinic Receptors Involved in the Effect of Serotonin on Gastrointestinal Electrical Activity in the Conscious Piglet?
Authors: Wechsung E. , Houvenaghel A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIn conscious piglets provided chronically with electrodes in the wall of the antrum pylori, duodenum, jejunum and ileum, the effect of intravenous infusion of 5‐HT, 4 μg/kg/min for 2 h, with and without pre‐treatment with atropine, 0.5 mg/kg, on gastrointestinal myoelectrical activity was studied. In the antrum, fast oscillations were partially inhibited by 5‐HT and nearly completely blocked by the atropine/5‐HT combination and by atropine alone. In the small intestine 5‐HT induced a decrease in MMC interval, an increase in phase III activity in duodenum and jejunum and an acceleration of propagation velocity as measured for the jejunum. These effects were not influenced by atropine. Following atropine, phase II activity in the jejunum was significantly inhibited by 5‐HT. The ileum was rather insensitive to 5‐HT. It is concluded that the inhibitory effect of 5‐HT on antral electrical activity is enhanced by atropine, and that 5‐HT has a stimulatory effect on small intestinal activity which is not dependent on a muscarinic action.
Enrichment of Bovine X and Y Spermatozoa by Free‐Flow Electrophoresis
Authors: Blottner S. , Bostedt H. , Mewes K. , Pitra C. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryConditions of separation of bovine spermatozoa according to their differences in electrophoretic mobility were studied using free‐flow electrophoresis. Distribution of spermatozoa in the electric field depends on composition of buffer system, field intensities and temperature. Conditions are described for reproducible separation of anodically migrating spermatozoa into two distinct peaks both for cold‐immobilized (10–13 °C) and for motile cells (25 °C). Electrophoresis with the buffer used at 25 °C and field intensities of 70–100 V/cm provided high percentages of motile spermatozoa (50–90%) in all fractions. However, the sperm distribution across the fractions was the result of superimposed passive electrophoretic motion towards the anode and the active galvanotactic migration towards the cathode. Separation of X‐ and Y‐ spermatozoa was verified by quantification of Y‐spermatozoa by means of both in situ hybridization, using Y‐specific DNA fragments, and the Y‐specific fluorescence staining (f‐body test). Y‐spermatozoa could be enriched in anodic fractions (112 and 144% relative to control). X‐spermatozoa were enriched in cathodic fractions (80 and 68% Y‐spermatozoa, as compared to control).
Effects of α2‐Agonists on Intrauterine Pressure and Sedation in Horses: Comparison between Detomidine, Romifidine and Xylazine
Authors: Schatzmann U. , Josseck H. , Stauffer J.‐L. , Goossens L. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe effect of three α2‐agonistic sedatives, Detomidine (0.04 mg/kg), Romifidine (0.08 mg/kg) Xylazine (1.1 mg/kg) and placebo (NaCl), on intrauterine pressure was investigated with an intrauterine balloon model in four non‐pregnant warmblood mares. Within 6.0 (±2.2) min mean pressure increases of 9.80 (±3.74), 6.88 (±3.95) and 13.95 (±5.19) mmHg were recorded for Detomidine, Romifidine and Xylazine, respectively. Placebo had no significant effect. The mean duration of pressure increase was 30.0 (±5.10), 17.67 (±9.87) and 19.50 (±13.78) min for Detomidine, Romifidine and Xylazine, respectively. There was no significant difference in the degree and duration of sedation between the three treatment groups. It is concluded that α2‐agonists exert a marked pressure increase in the uterus with no statistically significant differences in degree and duration between the three substances. With equipotent doses no difference in duration and degree of sedation could be calculated.
Metabolic, Endocrine and Haematological Responses to IntravenousE. ColiEndotoxin Administration in 1‐Week‐Old Calves
Authors: Kinsbergen M. , Bruckmaier R. M. , Blum J. W. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryResponses to i.v. injectedE. coliendotoxin (E), followed by saline infusion, as compared with saline infusion alone, were studied for 24 h in 1‐week‐old calves. After administration of E, respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), rectal temperature (RT), serum iron, insulin, (I), cortisol and tumor necrosis factor‐α, transiently, and urea, continuously, increased. Isoleucine and leucine became elevated at 24 h, whereas white‐blood‐cell number, free fatty acids (FFA) and triglycerides (TG) increased after an initial fall. After administration of E, packed‐cell volume, erythrocyte number, haemoglobin, glucose (G), cholesterol, phospholipids (PL), lysine, arginine, proline, citrulline, calcium (Ca), inorganic phosphorus, insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I) and 3,5,3′‐triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations and alkaline phosphatase (AP) and γ‐glutamyl transferase (γGT) activities increased significantly while growth hormone decreased non‐significantly. When saline was infused alone, G, TG, PL, Ca, AP, γGT, I, IGF‐I and T3decreased, while FFA, urea and sodium increased, but, changes of G, urea, AP, IGF‐I and T3were less marked than after injection of E. Potassium, total protein and albumin concentrations, and glutamyl dehydrogenase and glutamate oxalacetate transaminase activities were not significantly affected by either treatment. In conclusion, metabolic and endocrine changes during saline infusion alone were typical for food withdrawal. Changes of variables after administration of E were transient, biphasic or sustained, thus expressing complex interactions between metabolic parameters, endocrine factors and cytokines.
An Ultrastructural Study of Pulmonary Bronchiolar and Alveolar Epithelium in Sheep
Authors: Bouljihad M. , Leipold H. W. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe cellular population lining the bronchiolar and alveolar epithelium of the lower respiratory tract of three clinically healthy, purebred Suffolk lambs of both sexes and 3–4 months old was studied using a transmission‐electron microscope. The epithelium of primary and secondary bronchioles consisted of four cell types: basal cells, intermediate cells, ciliated cells, and non‐ciliated (Clara) cells, whereas the epithelium of terminal and respiratory bronchioles consisted of only two kind of cells: ciliated and Clara cells. The alveolar wall, including alveolar ducts and saccules, was covered by type I and type II pneumocytes. In addition, the presence of pulmonary intravascular macrophages was a constant in most of the alveolar capillaries. The morphologic characteristics of all these cells are described in detail and discussed.
Effects of Drastic Changes in P Intake on P Concentrations in Blood and Rumen Fluid of Lactating Ruminants
Authors: Rodehutscord M. , Pauen A. , Windhausen P. , Brintrup R. , Pfeffer E. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe course of inorganic‐phosphate (Pi) concentrations in blood plasma and serum were determined in lactating ruminants when P intake was changed abruptly from adequate, during a control period, to very low in a period of P depletion, and back to adequate during a period of P repletion. In each of three trials, four or three goats and, in one trial, four cows were used. In addition, the course of P concentration in the rumen fluid of three fistulated goats was studied.Piconcentrations in plasma or serum started to fall immediately with changing P intake from adequate to low, reaching a minimum plateau of less than 0.25 mM in three trials and 0.4 mM in one trial. Correspondingly, concentrations rose instantly with return of P intake to adequate, overshooting the range observed in goats during the control period and then returning to normal. P concentration in particle‐free rumen fluid declined from about 30 mM in the control period to 5.7 mM during P depletion and returned to 30 mM during P repletion, paralleling the respective course of Piin blood plasma.
Influence of the Oestrous Cycle on Experimental Intrauterine E. coli Infection in the Sow
Authors: De Winter P. J. J. , Verdonck M. , De Kruif A. , Devriese L. A. , Haesebrouck F. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe influence of the oestrous cycle on the onset of endometritis in the sow was studied. Ten pubertal, unmated gilts of the Belgian Negative Landrace were used. Nine gilts were inoculated into the uterus by laparotomy with a suspension of an E. coli strain isolated from the uterus of a discharging sow from a herd having many problems with vaginal discharge and a lowered fertility. One gilt was as a control inoculated with 2 ml of a PBS‐solution. All sows inoculated during dioestrus developed clinical symptoms, but only 1 of the 5 gilts inoculated at standing oestrus developed a vaginal discharge. These data confirm the hypothesis that the stage of the oestrous cycle has an important influence on the onset of endometritis. The resistance to E. coli infections was higher when the gilts were inoculated during oestrus.
Ultrasonography of the Bovine Postpartum Uterus with Retained Fetal Membranes
Authors: Bekana M. , Ekman T. , Kindahl H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe aim of this study was to describe the potential application of ultrasound in combination with the rectal palpation method and to compare the results to determine the involution period in 11 Swedish dairy cows with retained fetal membranes (RFM). The animals were examined three times a week during the first 8‐week postpartum (PP) period. Significant quantity of abnormal vaginal discharges with concomitant accumulation of snowy fluid and thickening of the endometrial and uterine walls were interpreted as evidence of endometritis. The discharges decreased most markedly during the third week PP concomitantly with a marked decrease in the cervical and uterine size. Resumption of cyclical ovarian activity occurred within a month in 7 animals. Five of these cows had 2 ovulations and two animals had 1 and 3 ovulations, respectively. A slight increase of the cervix and uterine size was observed in all ovulating animals in relation to the oestrous periods. Several different calculation methods of the ultrasonographic results were evaluated to describe the completion of uterine involution and compared with findings at rectal palpation. The best congruency with rectal palpation was found to use a 0.5 cm difference for comparison of the previous pregnant and non‐pregnant uterine horns in singleton cows and an 80 % reduction of the uterine size in all studied animals.
Mechanism of Recovery in Esophageal Epithelia of Rats With Severe Zinc Deficiency
Authors: Rezaian M. , Yamashiro S. , Hardy M. H. , Bettger W. J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryForty‐six rats fed a Zn‐deficient diet for 18 days, were divided into three groups and treated with Zn‐deficient diet (GI), a normal (Zn‐adequate) diet (GII) or a pharmacological Zn therapy diet (GIII) for 3 days. For light and electron microscopy, samples were taken at times 0, 8, 12, 24 and 72 h after treatment. In treatment GI, at all times, all rats had esophageal parakeratosis. With treatment GII, there was a variable progression toward normalization of the epithelium at 12 and 24 h. At 72 h there was almost complete recovery of normal epithelium. In treatment GIII at 8 h, large, light cells in the basal layer were shown to be present between dark cylindrical cells, a finding which was transitionary and disappeared at 12 h. Also, a thin keratinized layer was observed above the granular layer at 12 h. Recovery had progressed at 24 h and was complete after 72 h. The results are discussed in terms of a potential role of Zn in the sequence of cytochemical events in epithelial differentiation.