bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differentiation of alloreactive versus CD3/CD28 stimulated T‐lymphocytes using Raman spectroscopy: A greater specificity for noninvasive acute renal allograft rejection detection
Authors: Brown Kristian L. , Palyvoda Olena Y. , Thakur Jagdish S. , Nehlsen‐Cannarella Sandra L. , Fagoaga Omar R. , Gruber Scott A. , Auner Gregory W. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAcute rejection (AR) remains problematic in renal transplantation. As a marker, serum creatinine is limited, warranting a more effective screening tool. Raman spectroscopy (RS) can detect T‐cell activation with high sensitivity. In this study we explore its specificity. Seventy‐five inactivated, 40 alloantigen‐activated, and 75 CD3/CD28‐activated T cells were analyzed using RS. CD3/CD28‐activated peak magnitudes (PM) were 4.3% to 23.9% lower than inactivated PM at positions: 903, 1031, 1069, 1093, 1155, 1326, and 1449 cm−1, with a difference in peak ratio (PR) observed at the 1182:1195 cm−1 position (0.91 ± 0.06 vs. 1.2 ± 0.01, respectively: P = 0.006). Differences in CD3/CD28‐ and alloantigen‐activated PM were observed at: 903, 1031, 1093, 1155, 1326, and 1449 cm−1, with no PR differences at the 1182:1195 cm−1 position (0.91 ± 0.06 vs. 0.86 ± 0.09: P = 0.8). Spectral signature separation of CD3/CD28—and alloantigen‐activated groups was 100% specific and sensitive. We conclude that RS can differentiate T cells activated by different stimuli with high sensitivity and specificity. © 2009 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Hydrolysis of diphenylmethyltin(iv) chloride in different aqueous solutions of ethanol
Authors: Mehdizadeh Sima , Jabbari Morteza , Shakibazadeh Romina , Gharib Farrokh 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe hydrolysis of [(Ph)2MeSn(IV)]+ has been studied spectrophotometrically at 25ˆC and constant ionic strength of 0.1 mol dm−3 sodium perchlorate. Over a wide pH range, 1–11, the investigation has been performed in different aqueous solutions of ethanol. The species formed together with their formation constants have been determined using the computer program Squad. The hydrolysis constants at different media were analyzed in terms of Kamlet and Taft's parameters. A single‐parameter correlation of the formation constants, K1‐1 and K1‐2, versus α (hydrogen‐bond donor acidity), β (hydrogen‐bond acceptor basicity), and π* (dipolarity/polarizability) for both cases are relatively poor in all solutions, but multiparameter correlation represents significant improvement with regard to the single‐parameter models. In this work, we have also used the normalized polarity parameter, E, alone and in combination with the Kamlet–Taft's parameters to find a better correlation of the formation constants in different aqueous solutions of ethanol. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 19:654–660, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20484
Synthesis and theoretical characterization of some new 4‐substituted‐1,3‐diphenyl‐5‐thioxo‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazoles with potential pharmacological activity
Authors: Siwek Agata , Wujec Monika , Dobosz Maria , Paneth Piotr 
Published: September 2009

AbstractSynthesis of some new triazoles fused to triazoles 5a–c or thiadiazoles 6a–c and the thiol‐thione tautomeric equilibrium study of the title compounds are reported. The “rule of five” and complementary criteria of pharmacokinetic properties were determined to predict whether these compounds are orally bioavailable. Semiempirical parameterizations have been critically benchmarked for the thiol‐thione tautomeric equilibrium against the DFT calculations. It was shown that unlike the AM1 and PM3 Hamiltonians, which erroneously predict higher stability of the thiol tautomer, the newly developed RM1 Hamiltonian, on the other hand, predicts energetics of this equilibrium in excellent agreement with the DFT results. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 19:713–718, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20499
Slug flow heat transfer in a semi‐infinite microtube with temperature jump wall condition
Authors: Satapathy Ashok K. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis paper presents an analytical solution of steady‐state heat transfer for laminar, two‐dimensional, and rarefied gas flow in a semi‐infinite microtube. To account for the slip‐flow characteristics of microscale heat transfer, temperature jump condition at the wall has been included in the model while the fluid velocity is assumed to be constant (slug flow). The solution yields closed form expressions for fully‐developed Nusselt numbers in terms of Knudsen number and Prandtl number under both isothermal and isoflux wall conditions. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20263
Heat and fluid flow characteristics inside differentially heated square enclosures with single and multiple sliding walls
Authors: Wahba E.M. , Gadalla M.A. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractFluid flow and heat transfer characteristics of differentially heated lid driven cavities are numerically modeled and analyzed in the present study. One‐, two‐, and four‐sided lid driven cavity configurations are considered with the vertical walls being maintained at different temperatures and the horizontal walls being thermally insulated. Eight different cavity configurations are considered depending on the direction of wall motion. The Prandtl number Pr is taken to be 0.7, the Grashof number is taken to be 104, while two values for the Richardson number Ri are considered, 0.1 and 10. It is found that both the Richardson number and the cavity configuration affect the heat and fluid flow characteristics in the cavity. It is concluded that for Ri=0.1, a four‐sided driven cavity configuration with all walls rotating in the same direction would triple the value of the average Nusselt number at the cold wall when compared to a one‐sided driven cavity configuration. However, for Ri=10, the cavity configuration has minimal effect and all eight cases result in an average Nusselt number value at the cold wall ranging between 1.3 and 1.9. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience. wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20264
Functional groups affect physical and biological properties of dextran‐based hydrogels
Authors: Sun Guoming , Shen Yu‐I , Ho Chia Chi , Kusuma Sravanti , Gerecht Sharon 
Published: September 2009

AbstractModification of dextran backbone allows the development of a hydrogel with specific characteristics. To enhance their functionality for tissue‐engineered scaffolds, a series of dextran‐based macromers was synthesized by incorporating various functional groups, including allyl isocyanate (Dex‐AI), ethylamine (Dex‐AE), chloroacetic acid (Dex‐AC), or maleic‐anhydride (Dex‐AM) into dextrans. The dextran‐based biodegradable hybrid hydrogels are developed by integrating polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA). To explore the effect of different derivatives on hydrogel properties, three different ratios of Dex/PEGDA are examined: low (20/80), medium (40/60), and high (60/40). Differences in physical and biological properties of the hydrogels are found, including swelling, degradation rate, mechanics, crosslinking density, biocompatibility (in vitro and in vivo), and vascular endothelial growth factor release. The results also indicate that the incorporation of amine groups into dextran gives rise to hydrogels with better biocompatible and release properties. We, therefore, conclude that the incorporation of different functional groups affects the fundamental properties of a dextran‐based hydrogel network, and that amine groups are preferred to generate hydrogels for biomedical use. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Utilization of micelles formed from poly(ethylene glycol)‐block‐poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) block copolymers as nanocarriers to enable hydrophobic red two‐photon absorbing emitters for cells imaging
Authors: Tian Yanqing , Wu Wen‐Chung , Chen Ching‐Yi , Jang Sei‐Hum , Zhang Meng , Strovas Tim , Anderson Judy , Cookson Brad , Li Yongzhong , Meldrum Deirdre , Chen Wen‐Chang , Jen Alex K.‐Y. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA hydrophobic two‐photon absorbing (2PA) red emitter (R) was successfully incorporated into micelles formed from two block copolymers, poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐block‐poly(ethylene glycol)s, for imaging and toxicity studies. In micelles, the chromophore R exhibits a 2PA cross‐section of 400 GM (1 GM = 1 × 10−50 cm4 s photon−1 molecule−1) at 820 nm, which is among the highest values reported for red 2PA emitters. The micelles with a cationic amino moiety‐containing poly(ethylene glycol) corona showed an enhancement of cell internalization and delivered the dye into the cytoplasmic regions of the mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. In comparison, the dye in micelles with neutral poly(ethylene glycol) as corona could not be delivered into the cells. Cytotoxicity of the micelle‐R constructs was studied using a 3‐(4,5‐dimethyl thiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. More than 90% of the cells were viable after they were stained with the dye‐containing micelles at different concentrations (dye concentrations of 2–6 μM and polymer concentrations of 0.05–0.15 mg/mL) for 16 h. This is the first reported application of a hydrophobic 2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole‐containing 2PA red emitter delivered into the cytoplasm of cells for bioimaging and toxicity assessment. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Oat β‐glucan increases postprandial cholecystokinin levels, decreases insulin response and extends subjective satiety in overweight subjects
Authors: Beck Eleanor J. , Tosh Susan M. , Batterham Marijka J. , Tapsell Linda C. , Huang Xu‐Feng 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis study recorded acute biochemical and subjective measures of satiety, followed by energy intake from a subsequent meal, after varying doses of β‐glucan in extruded breakfast cereals. Molecular weight, solubility and viscosity of β‐glucan products were determined. Seven male and seven female subjects (BMI 25–36 kg/m) consumed five breakfasts (different doses of β‐glucan sourced from two different technological processes) and dietary intake was measured after four hours. Blood was collected to measure glucose, insulin, ghrelin and cholecystokinin, and visual analogue scales measured subjective satiety. Molecular weight, solubility and viscosity indicated products were likely to increase luminal viscosity. β‐Glucan was found to decrease insulin secretion over 2 h (RMANOVA,p= 0.011) in a dose responsive manner from 2.16 to 5.68 gperserving (p= 0.007). Cholecystokinin levels increased linearly over the same range of β‐glucan concentrations (p= 0.002) in women. Subjective satiety was increased at a β‐glucan dose of 2.2 g (p= 0.039). Subsequent meal intake decreased by greater than 400 kJ with higher β‐glucan dose (>5 g). β‐Glucan improves satiety and release of cholecystokinin is likely to be part of the mechanism. Products with different sources of β‐glucan provide similar benefits but each product requires individual testing.
Formation of hydrogen peroxide in cell culture media by apple polyphenols and its effect on antioxidant biomarkers in the colon cell line HT‐29
Authors: Bellion Phillip , Olk Melanie , Will Frank , Dietrich Helmut , Baum Matthias , Eisenbrand Gerhard , Janzowski Christine 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBeneficial health effects of diets containing fruits have partly been attributed to polyphenols which display a spectrum of bioactive effects, including antioxidant activity. However, polyphenols can also exert prooxidative effects in vitro. In this study, polyphenol‐mediated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) formation was determined after incubation of apple juice extracts (AEs) and polyphenols in cell culture media. Effects of extracellular H2O2 on total glutathione (tGSH; =GSH + GSSG) and cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level of HT‐29 cells were studied by coincubation ± catalase (CAT). AEs (⪈30 μg/mL) significantly generated H2O2 in DMEM, depending on their composition. Similarly, H2O2 was measured for individual apple polyphenols/degradation products (phenolic acids > epicatechin, flavonols > dihydrochalcones). Highest concentrations were generated by compounds bearing the o‐catechol moiety. H2O2 formation was found to be pH dependent; addition of CAT caused a complete decomposition of H2O2 whereas superoxide dismutase was less/not effective. At incubation of HT‐29 cells with quercetin (1–100 μM), generated H2O2 slightly contributed to antioxidant cell protection by modulation of tGSH‐ and ROS‐level. In conclusion, H2O2 generation in vitro by polyphenols has to be taken into consideration when interpreting results of such cell culture experiments. Unphysiologically high polyphenol concentrations, favoring substantial H2O2 formation, are not expected to be met in vivo, even under conditions of high end nutritional uptake.
Prevention of colon carcinogenesis by apple juicein vivo: Impact of juice constituents and obesity
Authors: Koch Tatiana C. L. , Briviba Karlis , Watzl Bernhard , Fähndrich Christine , Bub Achim , Rechkemmer Gerhard , Barth Stephan W. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIt is estimated that 75–85% of all chronic diseases are linked to lifestyle‐related and environmental factors. The development of colon cancer is positively associated with obesity and inversely associated with the intake of dietary fibre, fruit and vegetable. Apple juice is the most widely consumed fruit beverage in Germany. It contains a specific spectrum of polyphenols and other components that may reduce the risk of colon cancer. Epidemiologic studies suggest an inverse correlation between apple consumption and colon cancer risk, although the mechanisms for these observations are not clear. The present review summarizes the preventive potential of apple juices and different apple constituents on biomarkers related to colon carcinogenesis with special focus on thein vivoevidence and the cancer promoting condition of obesity. However, under the cancer promoting condition of obesity, apple juice did not show cancer‐preventive bioactivity. In our experiments a cancer‐preventive bioactivity of apple juice is lacking in rats under the cancer‐promoting condition of obesity. To further investigate, whether this lack of efficacy observed in obese rats might be representative for obese individuals human intervention studies on high risk groups such as obese or diabetic individuals are of interest and will be conducted.
Incorporation and metabolism of punicic acid in healthy young humans
Authors: Yuan Gaofeng , Sinclair Andrew J. , Xu Chaojiong , Li Duo 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the incorporation and metabolism of punicic acid (PA, cis9,trans11,cis13‐18:3) in healthy young humans. The study was a randomized controlled trial. After 7 days adaptation with sunflower seed kernels supplementation, 30 subjects were then divided into the control and test group (n = 15). The test group was supplemented with Trichosanthes kirilowii (TK) seed kernels containing 3 g of PA per day in the form of triacylglycerols for 28 days. The control group was provided with sunflower seed kernels. After consumption of TK seeds containing 3 g PA per day for 28 days, the proportion of PA was increased from 0.00 to 0.47% in plasma and 0.00 to 0.37% in red blood cell membranes (RBCM), respectively. The proportion of cis9,trans11‐18:2 was increased from 0.05 to 0.23% in plasma and 0.03 to 0.17% in RBCM after 28 days of intervention, respectively. Our results suggest that PA can be effectively incorporated into human plasma and RBCM, and is also associated with the increasing proportion of cis9,trans11‐18:2 in humans, presumably as a result of metabolism by a saturation reaction. Edible TK seeds could be a potential dietary source of conjugated linoleic acids.
GSTT2, a phase II gene induced by apple polyphenols, protects colon epithelial cells against genotoxic damage
Authors: Petermann Astrid , Miene Claudia , Schulz‐Raffelt Gabriele , Palige Katja , Hölzer Jana , Glei Michael , Böhmer Frank‐D. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe potential protective effect of a polyphenol‐rich diet for colon carcinogenesis is of great scientific and medical interest. Apples are a main source of polyphenols, and apple juice has been shown to attenuate chemically induced colon carcinogenesis in animal models. In addition to an antioxidant and antiproliferative activity, apple polyphenols have been shown to elevate expression of the phase II gene glutathione S‐transferase T2 (GSTT2) in colon epithelial cells. We hypothesized that apple polyphenols may thereby provide protection against oxidant‐induced DNA damage. Using GSTT2 promoter constructs and luciferase reporter assays, we found that polyphenolic apple extracts (AE) can directly enhance GSTT2 promoter activity. Comet assays demonstrated that the genotoxicity of the GSTT2 substrate cumene hydroperoxide (CumOOH) was significantly reduced when HT29 colon epithelial cells were pretreated with AE. Overexpression of GSTT2 in HT29 cells significantly reduced CumOOH induced DNA damage, whereas shRNA mediated knockdown of GSTT2 gene expression resulted in higher damage. Our results causally link GSTT2 levels with protection from genotoxic stress, and provide evidence that the antigenotoxic effects of apple polyphenols in vitro are at least in part due to an induction of GSTT2 expression. Induction of phase II genes may contribute to primary chemoprevention of colon cancer by apple polyphenols.
Temperature‐dependent polymorphic crystalline structure and melting behavior of poly(butylene adipate) investigated by time‐resolved FTIR spectroscopy
Authors: Yang Jinjun , Li Zhenguo , Pan Pengju , Zhu Bo , Dong Tungalag , Inoue Yoshio 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe polymorphic crystalline structure and melting behavior of biodegradable poly(butylene adipate) (PBA) samples melt‐crystallized at different crystallization temperatures were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The crystalline structure and melting behavior of PBA were found to be greatly dependent on the crystallization temperature. By comparison of the FTIR spectra and the corresponding second derivatives between the α‐ and β‐crystal of PBA, the spectral differences were identified for the IR bands appeared at 1485, 1271, 1183, and 930 cm−1 and the possible reasons were presented. Especially, the 930 cm−1 band was found to be a characteristic band for the β‐crystal. Combining the DSC data with the analysis of normalized intensity changes of several main IR bands during the melting process, the melting behaviors of the α‐ and β‐crystal were clarified in detail. It is demonstrated by the in situ IR measurement that the β‐crystalline phase would transform into the α‐crystalline phase during the melting process, and the solid–solid phase transition from the β‐ to α‐crystal was well elucidated by comparing the intensity changes of the 1170 and 930 cm−1 bands. The dependence of the β‐ to α‐crystal phase transition on the heating rate was revealed by monitoring the intensity ratio of the 909 and 930 cm−1 band. It was suggested that at the heating rate of 0.5 or 1 °C/min, the percent amount of the transformed α‐crystal from the β‐crystal was much higher than that at the higher heating rate. The β‐crystal transforms into the α‐crystal incompletely at the higher heating rate because of the less time available for the phase transition. In addition, the β‐ to α‐crystal phase transition was further confirmed by the IR band shifts during the melting process. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 1997–2007, 2009
Proteins that underlie neoplastic progression of ulcerative colitis
Authors: Brentnall Teresa A. , Pan Sheng , Bronner Mary P. , Crispin David A. , Mirzaei Hamid , Cooke Kelly , Tamura Yasuko , Nikolskaya Tatiana , JeBailey Lellean , Goodlett David R. , McIntosh Martin , Aebersold Ruedi , Rabinovitch Peter S. , Chen Ru 
Published: September 2009

AbstractPatients with ulcerative colitis (UC) have an increased risk for developing colorectal cancer. Because UC tumorigenesis is associated with genomic field defects that can extend throughout the entire colon, including the non‐dysplastic mucosa, we hypothesized that the same field defects will include abnormally expressed proteins. Here, we applied proteomics to study the protein expression of UC neoplastic progression. The protein profiles of colonic epithelium were compared with (i) UC patients without dysplasia (non‐progressors), (ii) non‐dysplastic colonic tissue from UC patient with high‐grade dysplasia or cancer (progressors), (iii) high‐grade dysplastic tissue from UC progressors, and (iv) normal colon. We identified differential protein expression associated with UC neoplastic progression. Proteins relating to mitochondria, oxidative activity, and calcium‐binding proteins were some of the interesting classes of these proteins. Network analysis discovered that Sp1 and c‐myc proteins may play roles in UC early and late stages of neoplastic progression, respectively. Two over‐expressed proteins in the non‐dysplastic tissue of UC progressors, carbamoyl‐phosphate synthase 1 and S100P, were further confirmed by immunohistochemistry analysis. Our study provides insight into the molecular events associated with UC neoplastic progression, which could be exploited for the development of protein biomarkers in fields of non‐dysplastic mucosa that identify a patient's risk for UC dysplasia.
Viruses and autophagy
Authors: Kudchodkar Sagar B. , Levine Beth 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAutophagy is an evolutionarily conserved intracellular process by which bulk cytoplasm is enveloped inside a double‐membraned vesicle and shuttled to lysosomes for degradation. Within the last 15 years, the genes necessary for the execution of autophagy have been identified and the number of tools for studying this process has grown. Autophagy is essential for tissue homeostasis and development and defective autophagy is associated with a number of diseases. As intracellular parasites, during the course of an infection, viruses encounter autophagy and interact with the proteins that execute this process. Autophagy and/or autophagy genes likely play both anti‐viral and pro‐viral roles in the life cycles and pathogenesis of many different virus families. With respect to anti‐viral roles, the autophagy proteins function in targeting viral components or virions for lysosomal degradation in a process termed xenophagy, and they also play a role in the initiation of innate and adaptive immune system responses to viral infections. Consistent with this anti‐viral role of host autophagy, some viruses encode virulence factors that interact with the host autophagy machinery and block the execution of autophagy. In contrast, other viruses appear to utilise components of the autophagic machinery to foster their own intracellular growth or non‐lytic cellular egress. As the details of the role (s) of autophagy in viral pathogenesis become clearer, new anti‐viral therapies could be developed to inhibit the beneficial and enhance the destructive aspects of autophagy on the viral life cycle. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A secure cryptosystem based on affine transformation
Authors: Toorani Mohsen , Falahati Abolfazl 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIn this paper, it is proved that Linet al.'s scheme that tried to strengthen the Hill cipher against the known‐plaintext attack has several security flaws and is vulnerable to the chosen‐ciphertext attack. This paper also introduces a secure and efficient symmetric cryptosystem based on affine transformation. The proposed cryptosystem includes an encryption algorithm that is an improved variant of the Affine Hill cipher, and two cryptographic protocols that are introduced for the proposed cryptosystem. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.