bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SEM evaluation of thermoplastic endodontic materials alterations after disinfection: A new experimental model
Authors: Grecca Fabiana Soares , Porto Marcos , Fontanella Vania Regina Camargo , Scarparo Roberta Kochenborger 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis study assessed a new experimental model to analyze the effects of sodium hypochlorite solution 2.5% for 10 min and chlorhexidine 2% for 15 s on cones surface alterations. Twenty five gutta‐percha and 25 thermoplastic synthetic polymer‐based cones had their last 1 mm from the tapered end examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) before and after being exposed to the disinfectant solutions. To allow the surfaces to be compared, the samples were not metalized, a voltage of 1 kV was used and the images were captured within standardized angles. The samples were immersed on the test solutions. The comparison of the alterations of the cones was performed using the software program Adobe Photoshop CS. A measurement was taken of the standard deviations of the pixel intensity in this area, higher standard deviations represent more irregular areas. Differences in standard deviation before and after disinfection for each cone were compared between groups by means of analysis of variance supplemented by the Tukey test. Gutta‐percha cones showed higher standard deviations than Resilon cones (P < 0.001). In the gutta‐percha cones, sodium hypochlorite generated more irregular areas than chlorhexidine and the control group (P < 0.001). The present study has demonstrated the feasibility of using a modified SEM method. This opens opportunities to the use of new and precise tools for evaluating a sample in different moments. Microsc. Res. Tech. 74:109‐112, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Combination of normal light and fluorescence microscopy for authentication of five Lonicera species flower buds
Authors: Chu Chu , Liu Hui‐Juan , Qi Lian‐Wen , Liu E‐Hu , Li Ping 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe flower buds of five Lonicera species, Lonicera japonica Thunb., L. macranthoides Hand.‐Mazz., L. hypoglauca Miq., L. confusa DC. and L. fulvotomentosa Hsu et S.C. Cheng are confusable and usually utilized under the same name “Jinyinhua” in different areas for morphological similarity. Studies found that these five species possess extreme differences in chemical compounds, correspondingly showing different pharmacological activities and clinical applications. To ensure efficacy and safety of these herbal medicines and prevent unknown adverse effect, in this work, a simple, rapid and effective method combining normal light and fluorescence microscopy was developed for authentication. Surface slides and transverse sections of these buds were investigated to reveal their differences. As a routine technique, normal light microscopy which gives detailed microscopic features such as glandular hairs and nonglandular hairs, can easily distinguish four species except L. confusa. Fluorescence technique, which could present different distribution of fluorescence materials, is further employed to identify three species including L. confusa successfully. It is the first report to identify these five Lonicera species by combining normal light and fluorescence microscopy. This work indicated combining normal light and fluorescence microscopy could be a powerful method in authentication of confused species. Microsc. Res. Tech.74:133–141, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Testing the hypothesis of morphological integration on a skull of a vertebrate with a biphasic life cycle: a case study of the alpine newt
Authors: Ivanović Ana , Kalezić Miloš L. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn this article, we explore the possible influences of the developmental and functional relationships between skeletal elements on the pattern of morphological integration in the adult skull of the alpine newt. Like many tailed amphibians, the alpine newt has a biphasic life cycle, which implies the possibility that two distinct sets of constraints on development and function of the cranial skeleton may act at different times. We study how trait covariation, resulting from processes early in development, affects patterns of covariation at the adult stage. We test whether the observed patterns of integration are consistent with those predicted from three a priori hypothesized sources of integration: developmental timing, hormonally mediated growth/remodeling during metamorphosis, and developmental and functional relationships. The analyses of the covariation among the landmarks in the dorsal and ventral alpine newt craniums yield somewhat contrasting results. Our results do not indicate a clear correspondence between the observed variations in the skull shape and any of the three proposed hypotheses. No traceable reflection of hypothesized developmental relationships in the pattern of morphological integration/modularity in the adult skull indicate that covariation structure is continually restructured by overlaying variation introduced through developmental and environmental factors at different stages of development. This finding supports the recently elaborated palimpsest view of morphological integration. Also, our results indicate that the allometry‐free shape data have an even higher level of morphological integration than the data that contain the allometric component of the shape variation. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 314B:527–538, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fiscal capacity and multiple‐equilibria of corruption: Cross‐country evidence
Authors: Munim Joarder Mohammad Abdul 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe test the proposition that higher initial fiscal capacity of a nation strengthens law and order, and therefore, inhibit corruption, and in a multiple‐equilibria setting, the economy will move towards the low‐corruption stable equilibrium. We have found a significant relationship between more initial fiscal capacity and less corruption in a large cross‐section of countries that became independent after World War II. Our findings also suggest that higher initial revenue capacity is a necessary condition but not a sufficient condition to reduce corruption. A government's willingness (benevolence) is also needed to combat corruption. Both of these variables help the economy to converge towards a ‘low‐corruption stable equilibrium’. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DO COMMON GLOBAL ECONOMIC FACTORS MATTER FOR AFRICA'S ECONOMIC GROWTH?
Authors: Bangwayo‐Skeete Prosper F. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractEmpirical research has generally attributed the dismal performance of Africa's economic growth to country‐specific socio‐economic and geo‐political factors. This paper shows that while country‐specific issues matter for Africa's economic growth, common global economic factors do matter as well. The importance of common global economic factors has been augmented by increased globalization, the introduction of the World Trade Organization and the current global economic crisis. Using system GMM panel data techniques that extend previous literature on Africa's growth, the estimation results provide new insights into the positive relationship between the world business cycle and the growth rates of African countries. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Freehand MRI‐guided preoperative needle localization of breast lesions after MRI‐guided vacuum‐assisted core needle biopsy without marker placement
Authors: van de Ven Stephanie M.W.Y. , Lin Margaret C. , Daniel Bruce L. , Sareen Priya , Lipson Jafi A. , Pal Sunita , Dirbas Frederick M. , Ikeda Debra M. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPurpose:To evaluate the feasibility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐guided preoperative needle localization (PNL) of breast lesions previously sampled by MRI‐guided vacuum‐assisted core needle biopsy (VACNB) without marker placement.Materials and Methods:We reviewed 15 women with 16 breast lesions undergoing MRI‐guided VACNB without marker placement who subsequently underwent MRI‐guided PNL, both on an open 0.5T magnet using freehand techniques. Mammograms and specimen radiographs were rated for lesion visibility; MRI images were rated for lesion visibility and hematoma formation. Imaging findings were correlated with pathology.Results:The average prebiopsy lesion size was 16 mm (range 4–50 mm) with 13/16 lesions located in mammographically dense breasts. Eight hematomas formed during VACNB (average size 13 mm, range 8–19 mm). PNL was performed for VACNB pathologies of cancer (5), high‐risk lesions (5), or benign but discordant findings (6) at 2–78 days following VACNB. PNL targeted the lesion (2), hematoma (4), or surrounding breast architecture (10). Wire placement was successful in all 16 lesions. Final pathology showed six cancers, five high‐risk lesions, and five benign findings.Conclusion:MRI‐guided PNL is successful in removing lesions that have previously undergone VACNB without marker placement by targeting the residual lesion, hematoma, or surrounding breast architecture, even in mammographically dense breasts. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interferon‐γ inhibits central nervous system myelination through both STAT1‐dependent and STAT1‐independent pathways
Authors: Lin Wensheng , Lin Yifeng 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe immune cytokine interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) plays a crucial role in immune‐mediated demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Our previous studies have shown that enforced expression of IFN‐γ in the central nervous system (CNS) inhibits developmental myelination or remyelination in EAE demyelinated lesions. Although many of the cellular actions of IFN‐γ result from its activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) pathway, recent studies have shown that STAT1‐independent pathways regulate some facets of IFN‐γ biology. In this study, we dissected the role ofSTAT1‐dependent and STAT1‐independent pathways in IFN‐γ‐induced hypomyelination using a genetic approach. We found that the induction of STAT1‐dependent, IFN‐γ‐responsive genes in response to this cytokine was abolished in the CNS of STAT1 null mice. Moreover, STAT1 deletion diminished oligodendrocyte loss, reduction of myelinated axons, and the inflammatory response in the CNS of transgenic mice that ectopically expressed IFN‐γ in the CNS. Nevertheless, IFN‐γ‐induced reduction of myelin sheath thickness in the CNS of these mice was not altered by STAT1 deletion. Collectively, these data demonstrate that both STAT1‐dependent and STAT1‐independent pathways are involved in the detrimental effects of IFN‐γ on the myelination process. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electromagnetic induction heating of an orthopaedic nickel–titanium shape memory device
Authors: Müller Christian W. , Pfeifer Ronny , El‐Kashef Tarek , Hurschler Christof , Herzog Dirk , Oszwald Markus , Haasper Carl , Krettek Christian , Gösling Thomas 
Published: May 2010

AbstractShape memory orthopaedic implants made from nickel–titanium (NiTi) might allow the modulation of fracture healing, changing their cross‐sectional shape by employing the shape memory effect. We aimed to show the feasibility and safety of contact‐free electromagnetic induction heating of NiTi implants in a rat model. A water‐cooled generator–oscillator combination was used. Induction characteristics were determined by measuring the temperature increase of a test sample in correlation to generator power and time. In 53 rats, NiTi implants were introduced into the right hind leg. The animals were transferred to the inductor, and the implant was electromagnetically heated to temperatures between 40 and 60°C. Blood samples were drawn before and 4 h after the procedure. IL‐1, IL‐4, IL‐10, TNF‐α, and IFN‐γ were measured. Animals were euthanized at 3 weeks. Histological specimens from the hind leg and liver were retrieved and examined for inflammatory changes, necrosis, and corrosion pits. Cytokine measurements and histological specimens showed no significant differences among the groups. We concluded that electromagnetic induction heating of orthopedic NiTi implants is feasible and safe in a rat model. This is the first step in the development of new orthopedic implants in which stiffness or rigidity can be modified after implantation to optimize bone‐healing. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:1671–1676, 2010
Denoising of spectra with no user input: a spline‐smoothing algorithm
Authors: Rowlands Christopher J. , Elliott Stephen R. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA new method has been developed for denoising a spectrum using cubic‐spline smoothing, which requires no user input or judgement, yet outperforms other more conventional algorithms. It relies only on the assumptions that the spectrum is sampled at a resolution much higher than the full‐width at half maximum of any peaks, and that the noise is approximately Gaussian distributed, although any other type of noise distribution is acceptable so long as the type of distribution is known. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical outcomes of minimally invasive surgery using acridine orange for musculoskeletal sarcomas around the forearm, compared with conventional limb salvage surgery after wide resection
Authors: Matsubara Takao , Kusuzaki Katsuyuki , Matsumine Akihiko , Murata Hiroaki , Nakamura Tomoki , Uchida Atsumasa , Sudo Akihiro 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesWe recently developed and established a new surgical therapy combining photodynamic surgery and radiodynamic therapy using acridine orange (AO) therapy after marginal or intralesional tumor resection, providing excellent limb function to sarcoma patients. The present study evaluated local recurrence rate and limb function using Disability of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score of patients with primary musculoskeletal sarcoma around the forearm treated with AO therapy, compared to that of patients treated with conventional wide resection.MethodsSubjects were 18 patients with primary musculoskeletal sarcoma around the forearm and treated with AO therapy (AO: n = 8) after marginal or intralesional resection, or conventional wide resection followed by limb reconstruction surgery (WR: n = 10).ResultsMean age of the 18 patients was 45 years, and mean durations of follow‐up for Groups AO and WR were 67 and 74.1 months. Local recurrence rates for AO and WR were 12.5% and 20% (P = 0.63), DASH disability scores were 3.9 and 21 (P = 0.04), and 5‐year survival rates were 100% and 90% (P = 0.40), respectively.ConclusionsAO therapy offers maintenance of excellent upper limb function and inhibition of local tumor recurrence, representing a useful modality for limb salvage surgery in patients with sarcoma around the forearm. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;102:271–275. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An evolution of clinical application of inferior pedicle based rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap for repair of perineal defects after radical surgery for cancer
Authors: Shukla H.S. , Tewari Mallika 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe inferior epigastric artery based rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap (RAMF) is one of the most versatile flaps used to bridge gaps in the perineum and groin, in the reconstruction of vagina after radical resections for cancer and in selected patients with benign and non‐healing perineal lesions. Its use for reconstruction after Abdomino‐perineal resection was first described in 1984. This review attempts to summarize the anatomic‐technical aspects of inferiorly based RAMF and its applications. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;102:287–294. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The prediction of lymph node metastasis in ductal carcinoma in situ with microinvasion by assessing lymphangiogenesis
Authors: Lee Se Kyung , Cho Eun Yoon , Kim Wan Wook , Kim Sung Hoon , Hur Sung Mo , Kim Sangmin , Choe Jun‐Ho , Kim Jung‐Han , Kim Jee Soo , Lee Jeong Eon , Nam Seok Jin , Yang Jung‐Hyun 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesLymph node (LN) metastasis of ductal carcinoma in situ with microinvasion (DCISM) is variable (0–14%). To ascertain the role of lymphangiogenesis in LN metastasis in DCISM, we compared the lymphatic vessel density with the presence of LN metastasis in a group of patients that underwent axillary dissection with breast surgery due to DCISM.MethodsWe identified 46 patients with a diagnosis of DCISM who underwent breast surgery with axillary dissection to evaluate LN status from June 1996 to March 2008. Microvessel density (MVD) and lymphatic vessel density (LVD) was measured by immunohistochemical staining with two markers, CD34 and D2‐40.ResultsLVD of the patients with LN metastasis was significantly higher than that of the patients without LN metastasis (P = 0.04). Correlation in the total score of progesterone receptor and LN metastasis was also noted (P = 0.017). There was no statistically significant relation between LVD and clinicopathologic parameters such as size and type of underlying DCIS, nuclear grade, presence of lymphovascular invasion, hormone receptor, and HER‐2 status.ConclusionsLymphangiogenesis may be significantly associated with LN metastasis in DCISM. This is the first attempt to predict axillary LN metastasis in DCISM by quantifying the LVD. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;102:225–229. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A nomogram to predict for malignant diagnosis of BI‐RADS category 4 breast lesions
Authors: Mazouni Chafika , Sneige Nour , Rouzier Roman , Balleyguier Corinne , Bevers Therese , André Fabrice , Vielh Philippe , Delaloge Suzette 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveBI‐RADS Category classification is the most powerful predictor of breast cancer (BC). However, BI‐RADS Category 4 lesions are associated with a highly variable rate of BC. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a nomogram for the prediction of individual probability of BC in patients with BI‐RADS Category 4 lesions.MethodsThe study included all patients with BI‐RADS Category 4 lesions at screening mammogram, who underwent diagnostic cytology or biopsy and, as needed, surgery or follow‐up. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to develop the model and build the nomogram. This nomogram was evaluated on a training set of 170 patients treated at IGR Cancer Center, Paris, France. Nomogram performance was evaluated on an external independent dataset of 188 patients from MDA Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.ResultsA total of 51 (28.5%) patients in the training set and 73 (42.4%) patients in the validation set were diagnosed with BC. The final, most informative, nomogram included information on patient age (P = 0.04), palpable tumor (P = 0.002), menopausal status (P = 0.32), lesion size (P = 0.81), HRT (P = 0.09), and Gail risk (P = 0.58). The predictive accuracy of the nomogram was 0.716, respectively. The concordance index of the model was 0.66 in the validation set.ConclusionThe nomogram based on clinical and radiological findings may help inform the patients before surgical explorations, to decrease the number of missed cancer cases but currently cannot replace FNA or biopsy. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;102:220–224. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development and validation of an improved reversed‐phase liquid chromatographic method combined with pulsed electrochemical detection for the analysis of netilmicin
Authors: Manyanga Vicky , Hoogmartens Jos , Adams Erwin 
Published: May 2010

AbstractNetilmicin is one of the aminoglycoside antibiotics that lacks a strong UV absorbing chromophore. However, the application of pulsed electrochemical detection has been used successfully for the direct analysis of aminoglycoside antibiotics. This study describes an improved LC method combined with pulsed electrochemical detection for the analysis of netilmicin. Using a Zorbax SB C‐18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm id, 5 μm), isocratic elution was carried out with a mobile phase containing sodium sulfate (20 g/L), sodium octanesulfonate (0.3 g/L), THF (20 mL/L), and 0.2 M phosphate buffer pH 3.0 (50.0 mL/L). The robustness of the method was examined by means of an experimental design. The method proved to be sensitive, repeatable, linear, and robust. The method has also been used to analyze some commercial netilmicin samples.
Enantioselective separation of the carfentrazone‐ethyl enantiomers in soil, water and wheat by HPLC
Authors: Li Yuanbo , Dong Fengshou , Liu Xingang , Xu Jun , Chen Wuying , Cheng Li , Ning Ping , Li Jing , Wang Yunhao , Zheng Yongquan 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA simple enantioselective HPLC method was developed for measuring carfentrazone‐ethyl enantiomers. The separation and determination was accomplished on an amylose tris[(S)‐α‐methylbenzylcarbamate] (Chiralpak AS) column using n‐hexane/ethanol (98:2, v/v) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min with UV detection at 248 nm. The effects of mobile‐phase composition and column temperature on the enantioseparation were discussed. The accuracy, precision, linearity, LODs, and LOQ of the method were also investigated. LOD was 0.001 mg/kg in water, 0.015 mg/kg in soil and wheat, with an LOQ of 0.0025 mg/kg in water and 0.05 mg/kg in soil and wheat for each enantiomer of carfentrazone‐ethyl. SPE was used for the enrichment and cleanup of soil, water, and wheat samples. Recoveries for two enantiomers were 88.4–106.7% with RSDr of 4.2–9.8% at 0.1, 0.5, and 1 mg/kg levels from soil, 85.8–99.5% with the RSDr of 4.4−9.6% at 0.005, 0.025, and 0.05 mg/kg levels from water, and from wheat the recoveries were 86.3−91.3% with RSDr below 5.0% at 0.2, 0.5, and 1 mg/kg levels. This method could be used to identify and quantify the carfentrazone‐ethyl enantiomers in food and environment.
On‐line microdialysis coupled solid‐phase extraction to decrease matrix interference in the HPLC analysis of urinary ketamine and its metabolites
Authors: Chen Shing‐Jung , Cheng Fu‐Chou , Jen Jen‐Fon 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA microdialysis sampling (MDS) on‐line SPE (MDS/SPE) has been applied to redeem the detection after dilution to decrease matrix interference in the analysis of ketamine (K) and its two main metabolites, norketamine (NK) and dehydronorketamine (DHNK) in urine by HPLC. After being filtrated, diluted and adjusting the pH, K and its metabolites in the diluted sample solution were collected through MDS and then trapped on an on‐line SPE for HPLC analysis. The optimal conditions for MDS/SPE were investigated and then applied to real sample analysis. Experimental results indicated that the MDS/SPE by using regenerated cellulose hollow fiber (8‐cm length) and 1 mM sulfuric acid as the perfusate at 20 μL/min flow‐rate to collect analytes from 100‐fold diluted urine sample (20 mL at pH 6.0), and then having been trapped in octadecyl‐modified silica phase SPE for 30 min, offered the optimum efficiency. The concentration levels of 41, 42 and 28% (m/m) for K, NK and DHNK, respectively, in urine were redeemed for determination. The detection limits were 0.38, 0.33 and 0.34 ng/mL (in 100‐fold diluted sample) for K, NK and DHNK, respectively. The method provides a very simple, inexpensive and eco‐friendly procedure to determine K, NK and DHNK in urine.