bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebral ischemic pre‐conditioning enhances the binding characteristics and glutamate uptake of glial glutamate transporter‐1 in hippocampal CA1 subfield of rats
Authors: Liu Ai‐Ju , Hu Yu‐Yan , Li Wen‐Bin , Xu Jing , Zhang Min 
Published: July 2011

J. Neurochem. (2011) 119, 202–209.AbstractGlial glutamate transporter‐1 (GLT‐1) is the predominant subtype of glutamate transporters which are responsible for the homeostasis of extracellular glutamate. Our previous studies have shown that up‐regulation in GLT‐1 protein expression matches brain ischemic tolerance induced by cerebral ischemic preconditioning (CIP). To specify the role of functional changes of GLT‐1 in the induction of brain ischemic tolerance by CIP, the present study was undertaken to examine changes in the binding properties of GLT‐1 (including maximum binding and affinity for glutamate) and in GLT‐1 mediated glutamate uptake, using L‐3H‐glutamate assay in the rat hippocampus. The results indicated that CIP was able to increase the maximum binding and affinity, and uptake of GLT‐1 for glutamate in hippocampal CA1 subfield either with or without the presence of the subsequent severe brain ischemic insult. Simultaneously, accompanied with the above changes, CIP significantly reduced the delayed neuronal death (DND) in this region induced by lethal global cerebral ischemia. It could be concluded that up‐regulation in the maximum binding and affinity and glutamate uptake of GLT‐1 contributed to the neuronal protection of CIP against global cerebral ischemic insult.
Responsiveness of the Care Dependency Scale for Rehabilitation (CDS‐R)
Authors: Eichhorn‐Kissel Juliane , Dassen Theo , Lohrmann Christa 
Published: August 2011

Scand J Caring Sci; 2012; 26; 194–202

Responsiveness of the Care Dependency Scale for Rehabilitation (CDS‐R)Around 10% of Western Europe’s population suffer from a disability which can entail a decrease of independency and quality of life. However, the lives of these people can be improved by rehabilitative treatment and care. Changing the degree of dependency from dependent to independent is essential in rehabilitation, as is the assessment of these changes. To perform such kind of measurements, assessment instruments have to be responsive. In spite of this concern, responsiveness of assessment instruments is studied to a small extent only. This also applies to the Care Dependency Scale for Rehabilitation (CDS‐R), a short assessment instrument measuring the care dependency of patients regarding physical and psychosocial aspects. In this longitudinal‐study, the responsiveness of the CDS‐R, in general and related to different disease‐groups, should be determined. Therefore, a convenience sample of 1564 patients was assessed in an Austrian rehabilitation centre with the scale after admission and before discharge. Responsiveness was determined by descriptive analysis, calculation of effect‐sizes and significance tests. Differences between admission and discharge occurred on a statistically significant level for patients who changed. Kazis’ effect‐sizes can be considered as of small/medium effect for patients who changed (0.24/0.49), and as of large effect according to Liang (0.86/1.46). Eta squared was 0.10/0.19 which can be interpreted as of moderate/large effect for patients who changed. Responsiveness‐analyses related to different disease‐groups showed constantly large effect‐sizes for patients with musculoskeletal‐disorders. These results indicate that the CDS‐R can detect patient‐changes over time and discriminate between patients who change under rehabilitation or not. These aspects argue for the responsiveness of the scale, wherefore the CDS‐R seems to be appropriate for the assessment of treatment/health‐care effectiveness and the evaluation of individual patient‐changes. Nevertheless further research is recommended to confirm the level of responsiveness of the scale in general and for different disease‐groups.
Adolescents' experiences of psychosocial support after traumatisation in a school shooting
Authors: Murtonen Kalle , Suomalainen Laura , Haravuori Henna , Marttunen Mauri 
Published: July 2011

Background:  In November 2007, a student shot and killed eight people and himself at Jokela High School, Finland.Method:  Availability and experiences of psychosocial support were investigated using data (N=231) collected with a questionnaire 4 months after the event.Results:  Female gender, severity of trauma, psychiatric disturbance and post‐traumatic distress were associated with receiving psychosocial support. Over half of the students with a high level of trauma‐related symptoms reported immediate support as having been helpful. Additionally, support from family and friends was available to a majority of students.Conclusions:  The factors associated with not receiving support or not feeling helped should be studied further for possible implications on crisis interventions.
Phase Transformation Properties of Highly (100)‐Oriented PLZST 2/85/12/3 Antiferroelectric Thin Films Deposited on Nb–SrTiO3 Single‐Crystal Substrates
Authors: Hao Xihong , Zhai Jiwei , Yue Zhenxing , Xu Jinbao 
Published: July 2011

In this work, (Pb0.97La0.02)(Zr0.85Sn0.12Ti0.03)O3 (PLZST 2/85/12/3) antiferroelectric (AFE) thin films with a thickness of ~700 nm were successfully fabricated on (100)‐oriented Nb–SrTiO3 single crystal via a sol–gel technique. X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy results showed that the obtained AFE films had a highly (100)‐preferred orientation and displayed a uniform surface microstructure. Electrical measurements, such as P–E loops, the electric‐field, and temperature‐dependent dielectric properties, demonstrated a mixture of AFE and FE phases in PLZST 2/85/12/3 films deposited on Nb–SrTiO3 substrates.
Ternary Phase ZrxCuyCz in Reactively Infiltrated ZrC/W Composite
Authors: Zhao Yan‐Wei , Wang Yu‐Jin , Zhou Yu , Peng Hua‐Xin , Song Gui‐Ming 
Published: July 2011

A new ternary ZrxCuyCz phase is observed in the reactively infiltrated ZrC/W composite. The X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analyses reveal that the ZrxCuyCz phase has a same rocksalt structure as ZrC, but possesses sixfold long‐period structure with lattice constant of 2.88 ± 0.07 nm. This finding indicates the existence of ZrxCuyCz compound, which expands the ternary carbides and nitrides permutation space.
Sintering of Soda‐Lime Glass Microspheres Using Spark Plasma Sintering
Authors: Ramond Laure , Bernard‐Granger Guillaume , Addad Ahmed , Guizard Christian 
Published: July 2011

Sintering experiments on soda‐lime glass microspheres have been performed using spark plasma sintering in the temperature range 485°C–560°C. Samples with relative densities between 64% and 99.6% have been obtained in about 10 min. For almost fully dense samples, the microstructure exhibits an unusual “interface‐like” aspect for a glass. The densification mechanism has been investigated. For temperatures below 522°C, densification proceeds by formation of necks between spheres. For temperatures of and above 522°C, it is proposed that densification proceeds by viscous flow, accommodated by plastic deformation of microspheres, and is controlled by diffusion of oxygen anions in the glass.
Expression of fatty acid synthase (FASN) in oral nevi and melanoma
Authors: de Andrade BAB , León JE , Carlos R , Delgado‐Azañero W , Mosqueda‐Taylor A , Graner E , de Almeida OP 
Published: July 2011

Oral Diseases (2011) 17, 808–812Objective:  The aim of this study was to determine the expression of fatty acid synthase (FASN) in oral nevi and melanomas, comparing the results with correspondent cutaneous lesions.Materials and Methods:  Expression of FASN was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 51 oral melanocytic lesions, including 38 intramucosal nevi and 13 primary oral melanomas, in 10 cutaneous nevi and in 14 melanomas.Results:  Fatty acid synthase was strongly expressed only in melanomas, either of the oral mucosa or cutaneous. On the other hand, most oral and cutaneous nevi were negative, with a few oral cases showing focal and weak expression.Conclusion:  Fatty acid synthase is expressed in malignant melanocytes, and it can be a helpful marker to distinguish oral melanomas from oral melanocytic nevi.
A NOTE ON THE REPRESENTATION OF ORDERED METRIC SCALING†
Authors: Phillips J. P. N. 
Published: August 2011

A unidimensional ordered metric scaling (Coombs, 1964) of a set of objects is an ordinal scaling of them and also a (partial or complete) ordinal scaling of the distances between them. The problem of representing such a scaling reduces to that of finding the general solution of a system of strict homogeneous linear inequalities. There are two possible approaches to the latter problem.The purely algebraic approach of Fourier (1890), which is a modification of the usual method (systematic elimination) for the solution of systems of linear equations, is computationally simple, but does not give a satisfactory representation of the general solution, only an inconvenient and non‐unique set of back substitutions.The coordinate‐geometric approach of Minkowski (1896), upon which Stokes' (1931) method of solution is based, gives a matrix representation of the general solution, but is computationally very laborious. However, an unpublished algorithm due to Goode (Coombs, 1964), although incomplete in its original form, turns out, when completed by the application of a theorem of Farkas (1902), to be essentially equivalent to Stokes' method, but computationally very simple, the only (slight) disadvantage being that it may give superfluous solutions, which are easily excluded by a simple check.
The weight matrix in asymptotic distribution‐free methods
Authors: Mooijaart Ab , Bentler P. M. 
Published: August 2011

An important problem with asymptotic distribution‐free (ADF) methods is the size of the weight matrix. Whereas under the assumption of normality of the observed variables the weight matrix can nicely be decomposed into two matrices of smaller order, under non‐normality this cannot be done straightforwardly. In this paper we propose a method in which the weight matrix can be decomposed into matrices of smaller order, which makes inverting the matrix computationally less heavy and extends the usefulness of ADF methods to applications with a larger number of variables.An additional advantage of our method is that the weight matrix is formulated in terms of model parameters. As a consequence, one should expect the weight matrix to be more stable than in cases in which the weight matrix is computed from the data itself. In addition, estimates of the parameters may be less biased, a problem which often arises in ADF methods.
Impact of Endoscopic Surgical Techniques on Efficiency in Pituitary Surgery
Authors: Comer Brett T. , Young A. Byron , Gal Thomas J. 
Published: July 2011

ObjectiveTo assess the impact of the introduction of endoscopic surgical techniques into a neurosurgical practice for pituitary surgery on operative efficiency.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTertiary referral center.Subjects and MethodsPatients undergoing transsphenoidal pituitary surgery over a 4‐year period were identified. The approach over this period evolved from classic transseptal surgery to exclusively endoscopic techniques. Patients were classified as having transseptal surgery, endoscopic approach with microsurgical resection, aborted endoscopic resection with subsequent microsurgery, and exclusive endoscopic techniques. Patient and surgeon demographics, operative times, total operating room times, and room setup time were examined. Univariate analysis and multivariate regression modeling were used to assess outcome measures.ResultsOne hundred seven patients were identified. The use of the endoscope for either sphenoid exposure alone (n = 41) or for the entire procedure (n = 35) resulted in a significant reduction in operative and room times compared to transseptal approaches (n = 25). Exclusively endoscopic techniques resulted in a significant reduction in operative and room times independent of all other clinical and surgical parameters (P <. 001). Progressive use of endoscopic techniques resulted in statistically significant progressive reduction in setup time (P =. 001), operative time (P =. 04), and total room time (P =. 03) over the study period.ConclusionThe transition from transseptal transsphenoidal pituitary surgery to endoscopic techniques implies a learning process for both neurosurgeon and otolaryngologist. Despite this, a noteworthy reduction in operative times, operating room times, and room setup times is observed. The impact of endoscopic techniques on efficiency in pituitary surgery is discussed.
Improving the Confidence Level in Lead Clearance Examination Results through Modifications to Dust Sampling Protocols
Authors: Cox David C. , Dewalt F. Gary , White Kenneth T. , Schmehl Richard , Friedman Warren , Pinzer Eugene A. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Multiple pre-cleaned, four-room residential containments were each subjected to a single high-dust generating activity involving lead-based paint. After dust generation, a geometric wipe sampling grid was used, with a target of 8 interior and 8 perimeter samples in each room, to assess dust-lead on the floors. The containment was then cleaned using the “High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) vacuum/3-bucket wet-mop/HEPA vacuum” procedure found in the U.S. Dept. of Housing and Urban Development Guidelines. Post-cleaning (clearance) floor wipe samples were then taken at side-by-side locations to the pre-cleaning samples. It was found that: [1] floor dust-lead along the perimeters of rooms was three times more difficult to clean than dust-lead from the interiors of the rooms; [2] post-cleaning dust-lead loadings tended to be higher along the perimeters of the rooms than in the interiors of the rooms such that clearance failure was much more likely for individual floor samples collected along the perimeters; and [3] four-wipe composite sampling within each room (two randomly selected from the perimeter and two randomly selected from the interior) provided a very reliable method for detecting clearance failure (99% or greater) versus a randomly selected single wipe sample per room (50% or less).
Development and characterization of microsatellite markers for Panax notoginseng (Araliaceae), a Chinese traditional herb
Authors: Liu Han , Xia Tao , Zuo Yun‐Juan , Chen Zhong‐Jian , Zhou Shi‐Liang 
Published: August 2011

•Premise of the study: Microsatellite primers were developed for a Chinese traditional herb, Panax notoginseng, to investigate its genetic diversity and cultivar breeding.•Methods and Results: Twelve polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated from the microsatellite‐enriched genomic library of Panax notoginseng. The polymorphisms were assessed in two populations and an assemblage containing individuals from the entire distribution area. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 3 to 12, with a mean of 5.8; the observed and expected heterozygosity values ranged from 0.0411 to 0.8472 and from 0.0804 to 0.7653, respectively.•Conclusions: These new microsatellite markers will be useful for investigating the genetic diversity of this cultivated Panax notoginseng as well as assist in cultivar breeding.
Central Corneal Melting Associated with Reformulated Generic Diclofenac in a Patient with Inferior Fornix Foreshortening
Authors: Johnson Cameron Campbell 
Published: July 2011

Purpose To report a case of corneal melting in a patient with fornix foreshortening being treated with reformulated generic diclofenac. Methods Case report. Results An asymptomatic 76-year old man presented with central corneal melting while being treated with reformulated generic diclofenac. This formulation did not contain the vitamin E derivative, tocophersolan, which has been felt to contribute to corneal melting associated with generic diclofenac in the past. Other factors for corneal melting included multiple medication use and altered forniceal architecture, but did not include previous corneal or cataract surgery. Following discontinuation of the topical medications and temporary tarsorrhapy, the defect reepithelialized. Conclusion In patients with a compromised ocular surface, reformulated generic diclofenac has the potential to cause corneal melting without prior cataract or refractive surgery. Use should not be indiscriminate or without close supervision.
Altered gene expression in rat cranial neural crest cells exposed to a teratogenic glucose concentration in vitro—paradoxical downregulation of antioxidative defense genes
Authors: Wentzel Parri , Eriksson Ulf J. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Diabetic pregnancy is associated with increased risk of malformation in the infant. Diabetes‐induced anomalies of the face and heart are strongly correlated with neural crest cell (NCC) maldevelopment. We aimed to study glucose‐induced alterations of mRNA levels in cranial and trunk NCCs isolated from rat embryos with increased risk of developing mandibular and cardiac malformations in diabetic pregnancy. METHODS: Inbred Sprague‐Dawley rat embryos were used for NCC isolation from neural tube explants. The migrating cells were exposed to 5.5 or 30 mmol/l glucose concentration for 48 hr, harvested, and prepared for gene expression measurement by RT‐PCR or immunostaining with either distal‐less (Dlx) or AP‐2‐α antibodies. RESULTS: Evaluation of the immunostained slides showed that approximately 75% of the cells were of NCC origin. Exposure to 30 mM glucose decreased mRNA levels of Copper–Zinc superoxide dismutase, manganese superoxide dismutase, extracellular superoxide dismutase, Catalase, Gpx‐1, Nrf2, poly‐ADP ribose polymerase, B‐cell leukemia/lymphoma protein 2, and β‐Catenin genes in cranial neural crest explant cultures. In addition, Pax‐3, Pax‐6, Wnt3a, and Apc mRNA levels were decreased by high glucose exposure in both cranial and trunk neural crest explant cultures. CONCLUSION: Cranial NCCs diminish their mRNA levels of antioxidative enzymes and the Nrf2 response factor, as well as the antiapoptotic B‐cell leukemia/lymphoma protein 2 gene, in response to increased ambient glucose concentration. Furthermore, both cranial and trunk NCC decrease the mRNA levels of the transcription factors Pax‐3 and Pax‐6, as well as key components of the Wnt pathway. These patterns of glucose‐altered gene expression in a developmentally important cell population may be of etiological importance for NCC‐associated malformations in diabetic pregnancy. Birth Defects Res (Part B) 92:487–497, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Aromatic C—H Bond Halogenation Using Lithium Halides as Halogenating Reagents.
Authors: Lu Yongzhong , Wang Ruiping , Qiao Xixue , Shen Zengming 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe copper‐mediated C‐H chlorination and bromination of 2‐arylpyridines, substituted with both electron‐donating and electron‐withdrawing groups affords the halogenated products in low to moderate yields and poor selectivity.
Impact of resource‐conserving technologies on productivity and greenhouse gas emissions in the rice‐wheat system
Authors: Pathak Himanshu , Saharawat Yash S. , Gathala Mahesh , Ladha Jagdish K. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe rice‐wheat system is the main source of food and income for millions of people in South Asia. However, because of increasing pressure of biotic and abiotic stresses in response to soil degradation and changing climate, crop productivity and farmers' profits are on a downward trend. Recent efforts have attempted to develop and deliver resource‐conserving technologies (RCTs) with efficient and environmentally friendly tillage/crop establishment and water use compared with the conventional practices of farmers. No tool, however, is available to evaluate the RCTs quantitatively, particularly in terms of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and other environmental impacts. A simulation model, named InfoRCT (Information on Use of Resource‐Conserving Technologies), has been developed integrating biophysical, agronomic, and socio‐economic data to establish input‐output relationships related to water, fertilizer, labor, and biocide uses; GHG emissions; biocide residue in soil; and N fluxes in the rice‐wheat system. The model provided a comparative assessment of RCTs in yield, income, global warming potential (GWP), biocide residue index, and N loss. The assessment showed that mid‐season drying and no‐till systems increased income, and also reduced the GWP. The model could be used for assessing impact of crop management practices on productivity and GHG emissions in rice‐wheat systems. © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Artificial aging of Uva di Troia and Primitivo wines using oak chips inoculated with Penicillium purpurogenum
Authors: Petruzzi Leonardo , Bevilacqua Antonio , Ciccarone Claudio , Gambacorta Giuseppe , Irlante Giuseppina , Lamacchia Carmela , Sinigaglia Milena 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Two red wines (Primitivo and Uva di Troia) treated with oak chips inoculated with Penicillium purpurogenum were analysed in order to assess their contents of furfural, cis‐β‐methyl‐γ‐octalactone, syringol, eugenol, vanillin and 4‐vinylguaiacol. Two different sizes of oak chips (small and big, of length 2 and 8 mm respectively) and two different degrees of toasting (low and high) were used in the study. Aroma compounds were analysed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry to determine differences among samples after 15 days of chip contact time.RESULTS: Big oak chips inoculated with P. purpurogenum increased the level of 4‐vinylguaiacol, while small oak chips inoculated with P. purpurogenum, in some conditions, increased the level of eugenol. Chip size and degree of toasting also played an important role in the content of eugenol.CONCLUSION: The use of oak chips inoculated with mould might be a promising alternative to barrel aging. Moreover, different fungal inocula could contribute to the enrichment of wine with specific compounds (e.g. 4‐vinylguaiacol and eugenol). Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
What have natural and human changes wrought on the foraminifera of San Francisco Bay late Quaternary estuaries?
Authors: Lesen Amy E. , Lipps Jere H. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn this study we compare the foraminifera of modern South San Francisco Bay with fossils from sediments of a previous estuary at 125 ka to provide a basis for interpreting the impact of natural and human change on the benthic ecosystem. All the species found in the Pleistocene sediments of this study are estuarine and/or shallow-water species occurring commonly in San Francisco Bay today, except for the introduced foraminifer Trochammina hadai, a native of Japan that was not found in samples taken in San Francisco Bay before 1983. The biodiversity and species composition of the fossil and modern assemblages before the introduction of T. hadai are nearly identical, suggesting that the environmental and physical changes in the 125,000-year-old and modern estuaries have not had a significant effect on the meiofauna of the Bay. In contrast, modern anthropogenic change in the form of species introductions has impacted the modern foraminiferal assemblage: T. hadai began to dominate the modern assemblage a decade after its introduction. Similar to the recorded impacts of introductions of marine metazoan invertebrate species, the dominance of T. hadai changed species proportions in the post-1980s foraminiferal assemblage, however no known extinctions in the native foraminiferal fauna occurred.