bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reproducibility of colposcopy quality indicators—A survey among members of the European Federation for Colposcopy
Authors: Randrup Tina Hovgaard , Leeson Simon , Ciavattini Andrea , Eldib Ahmed , Grigore Mihaela , van Haaften‐de Jong Anne‐Marie , Jariene Kristina , Kesic Vesna , Koiss Róbert , Kotaniemi‐Talonen Laura , Quaas Jens , Raud Terje , Zodzika Jana , Hammer Anne 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionColposcopy is an important part of the diagnostic work‐up of women with an abnormal cervical screening test as it is used to guide the collection of biopsies. Although quality assurance has been used in the evaluation of screening programs, not much is known about quality indicators for the diagnostics and treatment of screen‐positive women. Therefore, the European Federation for Colposcopy developed quality indicators aiming to support colposcopy practice across Europe. We performed a survey of colposcopy cases to determine if the quality indicators are understandable, relevant, and reproducible.Material and MethodsWe conducted a survey among all members of the European Federation for Colposcopy Quality and Standards Group from November 2022 to March 2023. Members were asked to collect information on a total of 17 quality indicators for 50 women who had been newly referred for colposcopy due to an abnormal screening test between January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2021. Results were reported descriptively.ResultsWe included data on 609 cases from 12 members across Europe. The majority of the quality indicators were either achieved or within reach of the agreed standard, often due to few countries with outlying data. One quality indicator had very low performance, although stratified results indicated that two countries had different clinical management of the patient type thereby skewing the results. In addition, discrepancies between the number of cases included in each quality indicator raised concerns regarding potential misunderstanding of the quality indicator and its objective.ConclusionsQuality indicators on colposcopy must be understandable to those collecting data, highlighting the importance of validating quality indicators before data collection.
Diagnostic accuracy of preoperative adhesion mapping by ultrasonography for laparoscopic surgery in patients with past abdominal surgery with special reference to loose adhesion
Authors: Okabe Hirohisa , Masuda Toshiro , Tomita Masahiro , Ono Asuka , Kuroda Daisuke , Kuroki Hideyuki , Nitta Hidetoshi , Hibi Taizo , Baba Hideo , Sugita Hiroki 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPurposeEndoscopic surgery is widely accepted for both elective and emergent abdominal surgery. This study was performed to assess the accuracy of preoperative adhesion mapping by abdominal ultrasonography (US).MethodsIntra‐abdominal intestinal adhesions on the abdominal wall in 50 patients with a history of abdominal surgery were prospectively assessed by the visceral slide test with US before laparoscopic surgery from 2019 to 2022. Adhesion was assessed in six separate abdominal zones during US. Actual adhesion on the abdominal wall was confirmed during laparoscopic surgery.ResultsThe sliding distances in upper right, upper central, upper left, lower right, lower central, and lower left zones in patients with versus without intestinal adhesion were 4.4 versus 1.4 cm (P = .004), 3.4 versus 2.5 cm, 4.3 versus 1.3 cm (P = .011), 3.1 versus 1.5 cm (P = .0014), 3.3 versus 1.1 cm (P = .013), and 3.4 versus 0.8 cm (P = .0061), respectively. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed the optimal value of sliding distance as 2.5 cm and the area under the curve as 0.86. The specificity of US assessment of adhesion was lower in the central zone than in lateral zones. Loose adhesion mostly seen around the scar was attributed to either filmy tissue or omental adhesion, leading to visceral sliding during US.ConclusionThis study revealed the reason for insufficient accuracy of preoperative US assessment of intestinal adhesion around the scar area because of loose adhesion. The upper lateral area might be optimal for first port insertion.
Articulating a Philippine grand strategy: Policy continuities on the South China Sea
Authors: Ibarra Edcel John A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDoes the Philippines have a grand strategy? The question is biased in favor of a negative answer. Odds are stacked against detecting a grand strategy in non‐great‐power states. Operationalizing grand strategy as a consistent pattern of behavior reduces bias, but odds are also stacked against observing policy continuities in the Philippines. Increasing the level of analysis, emphasizing outcomes over intentions, and enlarging the time scale can help. Applying these analytical techniques, I argue that a Philippine grand strategy is evident in continuities in the country's foreign and security policies on the South China Sea from 1995 to 2022 under the successive administrations of Ramos, Estrada, Arroyo, Aquino III, and Duterte. The grand strategy has five component policies: (1) bilateral diplomacy with China, (2) multilateral diplomacy through the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), (3) grounding in the law of the sea, (4) maintaining the alliance with the US, and (5) modernizing the military.
Sex and intelligence quotient differences in age of diagnosis among youth with attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Hare Carolynn , Leslie Alexandra C. , Bodell Lindsay P. , Kaufman Erin A. , Morton J. Bruce , Nicolson Robert , Kelley Elizabeth , Jones Jessica , Ayub Muhammed , Crosbie Jennifer , Schachar Russell , Anagnostou Evdokia , Segers Magali , Stevenson Ryan A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectivesAttention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurodevelopmental condition and is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Research suggests that some populations, such as females and individuals with high intelligence quotients may be a risk for late ADHD diagnosis and subsequent treatment. Our goal is to advance our understanding of ADHD diagnosis, by examining (1) how child sex and cognitive abilities together are related to the age of diagnosis and (2) whether symptom presentation, current internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and demographic factors are related to age of diagnosis.MethodsOur analyses contained children who completed the required tests (N = 568) from a pre‐existing dataset of 1380 children with ADHD from the Province of Ontario Neurodevelopmental Disorders (POND) Network (pond‐network.ca). First, we conducted a moderation analysis with sex as the predictor, cognitive abilities as the moderator, and age of diagnosis as the outcome. Second, we conducted correlation analyses examining how symptom presentation, current internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and demographic factors are related to age of diagnosis.ResultsHigher IQ was related to a later age of diagnosis. Higher hyperactive–impulsive symptoms and externalizing symptoms were related to an earlier age of diagnosis. Internalizing symptoms were trend associated with a later age of diagnosis in girls. Higher socioeconomic status and non‐White maternal ethnicity were related to later age of diagnosis.ConclusionsIQ, sex, ADHD symptomology, internalizing symptoms, externalizing symptoms, and socio‐demographic factors affect the age of diagnosis.
System‐justifying beliefs buffer against psychological distress during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Xu Ronghua , Ding Yi , Guo Yongyu , van Prooijen Jan‐Willem 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has had a detrimental effect on people's mental health. Drawing on the palliative function of ideologies, we suggest that people rely on system‐justifying beliefs to mitigate psychological distress during the pandemic. We conducted three studies with correlational and experimental designs to examine whether and how system‐justifying beliefs can buffer against psychological distress during COVID‐19, and whether this effect may vary across social classes. The results indicated that (a) system‐justifying beliefs alleviated psychological distress during the pandemic, (b) personal control mediated this relationship and (c) this effect was consistent across all social classes. This study provides robust evidence for the palliative function of system‐justifying beliefs during a massive global health crisis (i.e. COVID‐19).
Assessing risk of lymph node invasion in complete responders to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for muscle‐invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Flammia Rocco Simone , Tuderti Gabriele , Bologna Eugenio , Minore Antonio , Proietti Flavia , Licari Leslie Claire , Mastroianni Riccardo , Anceschi Umberto , Brassetti Aldo , Bove Alfredo , Misuraca Leonardo , D'Annunzio Simone , Ferriero Maria Consiglia , Guaglianone Salvatore , Chiacchio Giuseppe , De Nunzio Cosimo , Leonardo Costantino , Simone Giuseppe 
Published: June 2024

ObjectivesTo investigate the lymph node invasion (LNI) rate in patients exhibiting complete pathological response (CR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and to test the association of CR status with lower LNI and better survival outcomes.Materials and MethodsWe included patients with bladder cancer (BCa; cT2‐4a; cN0; cM0) treated with NAC and radical cystectomy (RC) + pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) at our institution between 2012 and 2022 (N = 157). CR (ypT0) and LNI (ypN+) were defined at final pathology. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to test the association between CR and LNI after adjusting for number of lymph nodes removed (NLR). Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses were used to assess overall survival (OS), metastasis‐free survival (MFS) and disease free‐survival (DFS) according to CR status.ResultsOverall CR and LNI rates were 40.1% and 19%, respectively. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) NLR was 26 (19–36). The LNI rate was lower in patients with CR vs those without CR (2 [3.2%] vs 61 [29.8%]; P < 0.001). After adjusting for NLR, CR reduced the LNI risk by 93% (odds ratio 0.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.01–0.25; P < 0.001). Kaplan–Meier plots depicted better 5‐year OS (69.7 vs 52.2%), MFS (68.3 vs 45.5%) and DFS (66.6 vs 43.5%) in patients with CR vs those without CR. After multivariable adjustments, CR independently reduced the risk of death (hazard ratio [HR] 0.44, 95% CI 0.24–0.81; P = 0.008), metastatic progression (HR 0.41, 95% CI 0.23–0.71; P = 0.002) and disease progression (HR 0.41, 95% CI 0.24–0.70; P = 0.001).ConclusionBased on these findings, we postulate that PLND could potentially be omitted in patients exhibiting CR after NAC, due to negligible risk of LNI. Prospective Phase II trials are needed to explore this challenging hypothesis.
Identification and characterization of a novel intronic splicing mutation in CSF1R‐related leukoencephalopathy
Authors: Han Yilai , Han Jinming , Li Zhen , Chen Siqi , Liu Ju , Zhou Ruxing , Zhao Shufang , Li Dawei , Liu Zheng , Zhao Yinan , Hao Junwei , Chai Guoliang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimsColony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R)‐related leukoencephalopathy is a rapidly progressing neurodegenerative disease caused by CSF1R gene mutations. This study aimed to identify and investigate the effect of a novel intronic mutation (c.1754‐3C>G) of CSF1R on splicing.MethodsA novel intronic mutation was identified using whole‐exome sequencing. To investigate the impact of this mutation, we employed various bioinformatics tools to analyze the transcription of the CSF1R gene and the three‐dimensional structure of its encoded protein. Furthermore, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) was performed to validate the findings.ResultsA novel mutation (c.1754‐3C>G) in CSF1R was identified, which results in exon 13 skipping due to the disruption of the 3′ splice site consensus sequence NYAG/G. This exon skipping event was further validated in the peripheral blood of the mutation carrier through RT‐PCR and Sanger sequencing. Protein structure prediction indicated a disruption in the tyrosine kinase domain, with the truncated protein showing significant structural alterations.ConclusionsOur findings underscore the importance of intronic mis‐splicing mutations in the diagnosis and management of CSF1R‐related leukoencephalopathy.
Realistic About Reference Production: Testing the Effects of Domain Size and Saturation
Authors: Koolen Ruud , Krahmer Emiel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractExperiments on visually grounded, definite reference production often manipulate simple visual scenes in the form of grids filled with objects, for example, to test how speakers are affected by the number of objects that are visible. Regarding the latter, it was found that speech onset times increase along with domain size, at least when speakers refer to nonsalient target objects that do not pop out of the visual domain. This finding suggests that even in the case of many distractors, speakers perform object‐by‐object scans of the visual scene. The current study investigates whether this systematic processing strategy can be explained by the simplified nature of the scenes that were used, and if different strategies can be identified for photo‐realistic visual scenes. In doing so, we conducted a preregistered experiment that manipulated domain size and saturation; replicated the measures of speech onset times; and recorded eye movements to measure speakers’ viewing strategies more directly. Using controlled photo‐realistic scenes, we find (1) that speech onset times increase linearly as more distractors are present; (2) that larger domains elicit relatively fewer fixation switches back and forth between the target and its distractors, mainly before speech onset; and (3) that speakers fixate the target relatively less often in larger domains, mainly after speech onset. We conclude that careful object‐by‐object scans remain the dominant strategy in our photo‐realistic scenes, to a limited extent combined with low‐level saliency mechanisms. A relevant direction for future research would be to employ less controlled photo‐realistic stimuli that do allow for interpretation based on context.
A multicountry analysis of local government financial vulnerability during the 2020 pandemic considering systemic factors
Authors: Padovani Emanuele , Iacuzzi Silvia , Poljasevic Jelena , de Souza Simone Valle 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic cut across geographical, sectorial, and policy boundaries and imposed difficult health, economic, and social challenges. Among many learnings, after the 2007–2008 global financial crisis and the austerity period that followed it, the economic and health crises forged by the COVID‐19 pandemic in 2020 offer an important experience to make local governments (LGs) more financially resilient and ready to deal with similar shocks.This paper builds on a recent framework to investigate the impact of the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic on LG financial vulnerability looking at both contingent and systemic aspects. It addresses the need for a multicountry perspective on the effects of the pandemic and responds to calls to test existing models. Seven countries were chosen to represent different administrative contexts and traditions to understand what factors impact the local level in a time of crisis. Results demonstrate that not only contingent aspects but also systemic factors and the initial level of financial vulnerability influenced the responses to the pandemic, confirming findings about the importance of initial conditions and “path dependency” by previous studies.
Dislocation density‐based constitutive model for cyclic deformation and softening of Ni‐based superalloys
Authors: Kumar Shivam , Patra Anirban , Sahu J. K. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA physically‐based constitutive modeling framework is proposed for the cyclic deformation and softening of Ni‐based superalloys. The constitutive model accounts for underlying mechanisms of grain size strengthening, dislocation strengthening, solid solution strengthening, and precipitate strengthening, commonly observed in these alloys. A constitutive model is proposed for the shearing of precipitates on their interaction with glide dislocations during cyclic deformation. This is the primary contributor to the experimentally observed cyclic softening behavior in Ni‐based superalloys. Model predictions of the cyclic stress–strain response and the cyclic softening (quantified in terms of the peak stress) are compared with the experimental counterparts for a range of strain amplitudes under fully‐reversed cyclic loading of Inconel 718 (IN 718). Further, model predictions of precipitate size are also compared with the experimentally measured transmission electron micrographs of precipitate sizes at the end of deformation. Concurrence in the cyclic stress–strain response, peak stress, and precipitate size provides validation for our constitutive modeling framework.
‘Home’ as a Theological Problem for Politics: Weil, Arendt, and the Common Desire for the Common
Authors: Capps Franklin Tanner , James Tom , True David 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTThis article engages the global displacement crisis by rendering the concept of ‘home’ as a theological problem for politics, linking contemporary geopolitical conflict to broader issues of forced migration. For help, we engage Simone Weil's theopolitical critique of domination‐based political organising, Hannah Arendt's insights into the texture of political space and belonging, and Jodi Dean's concept of a ‘collective desire for collectivity’ to propose a lateral, connective politics of home that secures local communities while also fostering global connection. Our constructive theological proposal is that the power of love for home entails the embrace of neighbour (near and far) that moves beyond the usual options of liberal cosmopolitanism, communitarian localism, and the Realpolitik of geopolitical alliances. By reconsidering and intensifying the Christian concept of neighbour‐love and linking it to the common reality of displacement and the common longing for home, we take the first steps towards illuming and unveiling a political theology of home that is neither preferential nor naively inclusive.
Nurse‐led sequential multiple assignment randomized trial of nudging intervention for early antiretroviral therapy initiation among patients with HIV/AIDS: Implementation study protocol
Authors: Zhou Yaqin , Meng Jingjing , Zhang Xiangjun , Ma Jun , Fan Sisi , Zuo Hong , Shi Jingzheng , Wang Wenru , Wang Honghong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimsIn China, more than 30% of patients have not initiated treatment within 30 days of HIV diagnosis. Delayed initiation has a detrimental influence on disease outcomes and increases HIV transmission. The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a nurse‐led antiretroviral therapy initiation nudging intervention for people newly diagnosed with HIV in China to find the optimal intervention implementation strategy.MethodsA Hybrid Type II sequential multiple assignment randomized trial will be conducted at four Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Hunan, China. This study will recruit 447 people newly diagnosed with HIV aged ≥18 years and randomly assign them into two intervention groups and one control group. On top of the regular counselling services and referrals, intervention groups will receive a 4‐week, 2‐phase intervention based on the dual‐system theory and the nudge theory. The control group will follow the currently recommended referral procedures. The primary outcomes are whether treatment is initiated, as well as the length of time it takes. The study outcomes will be measured at the baseline, day 15, day 30, week 12, week 24 and week 48. Generalized estimating equations and survival analysis will be used to compare effectiveness and explore factors associated with antiretroviral therapy initiation. Both qualitative and quantitative information will be collected to assess implementation outcomes.DiscussionExisting strategies mostly target institutional‐level factors, with little consideration given to patients' decision‐making. To close this gap, we aim to develop an effective theory‐driven nudging strategy to improve early ART initiation.ImpactThis nurse‐led study will help to prevent delayed initiation by employing implementation science strategies for people newly diagnosed with HIV. This study contributes to the United Nations' objective of ending the AIDS pandemic by 2030.Trial RegistrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2300070140. The trial was prospectively registered before the first participant was recruited.Patient and public involvementThe nudging intervention was finalized through the Nominal Group Technique where we invited five experts in the related field and five people living with HIV to participate.
A novel scale for assessing the risk of low birthweight: Birthweight questionnaire
Authors: Atsa'am Donald D. , Agjei Richard O. , Akingbade Toluwalase J. , Balogun Oluwafemi S. , Adusei‐Mensah Frank 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe birthweight of a newborn is critical to their health, development, and well‐being. Previous studies that used maternal characteristics to predict birthweight did not employ a harmonised scale to assess the risk of low birthweight (LBW).ObjectiveThe goal of this study was to develop a new instrument that uses items on a uniform scale to assess the risk of an LBW in a pregnant woman.MethodsItem response theory was employed to evaluate a similar existing scale, and some weaknesses were identified.ResultsBased on the observed weaknesses of the existing scale, a new uniform scale was developed, which is a 3‐point Likert scale consisting of seven items.ConclusionThe scale, termed birthweight questionnaire, is a valuable tool for collecting data that could assist in assessing the risk of an LBW at every stage of pregnancy.
Gastrointestinal helminths of captive proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus) in Surabaya zoo, Indonesia
Authors: Ramadhani Masyithah , Nurhidayah Nanis , Kurniawati Dyah Ayu , Purmadi Muttaqin , Rafiq Fatih Aunur , Kusumaningtyas Eni , Endrawati Dwi , Hidayatik Nanik , Prastiya Ragil Angga , Mariya Sela Septima , Mufasirin  , Hastutiek Poedji 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundOne of the constrain in proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus) conservation is gastrointestinal helminth (GH) infection. Here, we conducted a study to determine the prevalence of GHs in captive proboscis monkeys in Surabaya Zoo, Indonesia.MethodsTwenty fecal samples were collected from three groups (i.e., nursery cage [NC] [n = 1], communal show cage [SC] [n = 8], and free‐ranging colonies [FC] [n = 11]). The fecal samples have been examined through McMaster and sugar floatation techniques.ResultsThe total prevalence of GH infection was 85.00% (17/20). We confirmed infection of Trichuris sp., Ascaris sp., Strongyloides sp., and Hymenolepis nana with Trichuris eggs was dominant. Although the prevalence of infection was high, the number of eggs per gram (epg) was low.ConclusionGH infection in captive proboscis monkeys in Surabaya Zoo, Indonesia, is highly prevalent. These results were useful for future research, control, and prevention of zoonotic potency purposes.