bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Involvement of children and young people in the conduct of health research: A rapid umbrella review
Authors: Wyatt Katherine A. , Bell Jessica , Cooper Jason , Constable Leanne , Siero William , Pozo Jeria Carla , Darling Simone , Smith Rachel , Hughes Elizabeth K. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundPatient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) have long been considered important to good research practice. There is growing, yet diverse, evidence in support of PPIE with children and young people (CYP). We must now understand the various approaches to involvement of CYP in research.AimsThis rapid umbrella review aimed to provide an overview of when, how and to what extent CYP are involved in the conduct of health research, as well as the reported benefits, challenges, and facilitators of involvement.MethodsWe searched OVID Medline, Embase and PubMed. Published reviews were included if they reported meaningful involvement of CYP in the conduct of health research. Extracted data were synthesised using thematic analysis.ResultsThe 26 reviews included were predominately systematic and scoping reviews, published within the last decade, and originating from North America and the United Kingdom. CYPs were involved in all stages of research across the literature, most commonly during research design and data collection, and rarely during research funding or data sharing and access. Researchers mostly engaged CYP using focus groups, interviews, advisory panels, questionnaires, and to a lesser extent arts‐based approaches such as photovoice and drawing. Visual and active creative methods were more commonly used with children ≤12 years. The evidence showed a shared understanding of the benefits, challenges, and facilitators for involvement of CYP, such as time and resource commitment and building partnership.ConclusionOverall, the review identified consistency in the range of methods and approaches used, and stages of research with which CYP are commonly involved. There is a need for more consistent reporting of PPIE in the literature, both in terminology and detail used. Furthermore, the impact of approaches to CYP involvement on research and community outcomes must be better evaluated.Patient/Public ContributionThis review forms part of broader research initiatives being led by the authors. Together, these projects aim to support embedding of child voices in research practice and to explore the desirability and suitability of Young Persons Advisory Groups within birth cohort studies. The findings from this review, alongside public and stakeholder consultation, will inform development of resources such as practice recommendations to guide future involvement of CYP in health research undertaken at the author's respective institutions.
Preoperative high serum total testosterone levels predict preserved postoperative sexual function in patients after nerve‐sparing robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy
Authors: Saito Kohei , Kohada Yuki , Hieda Keisuke , Shikuma Hiroyuki , Hatayama Tomoya , Tasaka Ryo , Miyamoto Shunsuke , Kobatake Kohei , Sekino Yohei , Kitano Hiroyuki , Goto Keisuke , Ikeda Kenichiro , Goriki Akihiro , Hinata Nobuyuki 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveTo assess the association among preoperative total testosterone levels, postoperative sexual function, and prognosis after robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy.MethodsPatients who underwent robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy in our institution were included in the study. Based on preoperative total testosterone levels, they were divided into low (<3.0 ng/mL) and high (≥3.0 ng/mL) total testosterone groups. Sexual function was evaluated using the International Index of Erectile Function scores, Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite scores, and the potency rate from preoperatively to 12 months after surgery. Oncological outcomes were evaluated based on biochemical recurrence.ResultsOut of 233 patients included, no significant difference in sexual function was found between the high (n = 183) and the low (n = 50) total testosterone groups at any point before or after surgery. However, in nerve‐sparing cases, preservation in postoperative sexual function was observed only in the high total testosterone group (International Index of Erectile Function scores and Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite sexual function scores, at any point after surgery, p < 0.05; potency rate, at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery; p < 0.05). Additionally, the high total testosterone group showed better biochemical recurrence‐free survival than the low total testosterone group (p = 0.008).ConclusionsIn the high total testosterone group, preservation in sexual function was observed after the nerve‐sparing procedure, while the biochemical recurrence rate was low. Therefore, patients with high levels of total testosterone may be advised to consider nerve‐sparing interventions.
Coronary and Cerebrovascular Events and Exacerbation of Existing Conditions After Laboratory‐Confirmed Influenza Infection Among US Veterans: A Self‐Controlled Case Series Study
Authors: Korves Caroline , Neupane Nabin , Smith Jeremy , Young‐Xu Yinong , van Aalst Robertus , Mahmud Salaheddin M. , Loiacono Matthew M. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundInfluenza may contribute to coronary/cerebrovascular events and exacerbate underlying conditions.MethodsWe used self‐controlled case series (SCCS) design to analyze data from US Veterans ≥18 years with coronary/cerebrovascular or exacerbation event +/−1 year of lab‐confirmed influenza (LCI) during 2010–2018. We estimated the incidence ratio (IR) (95% CI) of the event for risk interval (Days 1–7 post‐LCI) versus control interval (all other times +/−1 year of LCI) with fixed‐effects conditional Poisson regression. We included biomarker data for mediation analysis.ResultsWe identified 3439 episodes with coronary/cerebrovascular‐related hospitalizations. IRs (95% CI) for LCI risk versus control interval were STEMI 0.6 (0.1, 4.4), NSTEMI 7.3 (5.8, 9.2), ischemic stroke 4.0 (3.0, 5.4), hemorrhagic stroke 6.2 (3.4, 11.5), and coronary spasm 1.3 (0.5, 3.0). IR significantly increased for NSTEMI and ischemic stroke among those ≥ 65 years. IR for NSTEMI and ischemic stroke dropped 26% and 10%, respectively, when white blood cell (WBC) and platelet count were considered. LCI was significantly associated with exacerbation of preexisting asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and congestive heart failure.ConclusionsWe found significant association between LCI and hospitalization for NSTEMI, ischemic stroke, and hemorrhagic stroke, the latter possibly due to unaccounted time‐varying confounding in SCCS design.
Ghanaian Graphic Design Education: Redefining Western Influences and Reclaiming Indigenous Cultures
Authors: Mensah Bonsu Frank , Wragg Nicole , Phillipson Sivanes , Waller Christopher 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we explore the evolution of graphic design and its education in Ghana. Graphic design emerged in Ghana through colonisation, which influenced the perceptions of traditional art forms. We review the tensions between Western and indigenous trends in Ghanaian art and design and explore existing pedagogical philosophies in Ghana's graphic design education. Ghana's rich traditional and cultural values, including spirituality, proverbial meaning and symbolism, are embedded in its art and design. Colonisation and the adoption of Western religion and global values caused indigenous Ghanaian art to be regarded as primitive and fetishistic. Similarly, Ghanaian graphic design was and continues to be influenced by the West. We argue that designers must embrace their cultural identity, both professionally and educationally, to empower the graphic design community to decolonise Ghanaian design.
Four‐Stage Rocket technique: A novel strategy for lead extractions using laser sheaths from the femoral vein
Authors: Kawano Daisuke , Matsumoto Kazuhisa , Narita Masataka , Tanaka Naomichi , Naganuma Tsukasa , Sasaki Wataru , Mori Hitoshi , Ikeda Yoshifumi , Kato Ritsushi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionTransvenous lead extractions (TLEs) for cardiac implantable electronic device complications often encounter difficulties with strong adhesions to the myocardium or vessels. In this report, we introduce a novel “Four‐Stage Rocket” technique for effective TLE in cases where conventional methods fail.Methods and ResultsTwo challenging cases where conventional TLE methods failed were treated using a combination of four devices: Needle's Eye Snare, Agilis NxT Steerable Introducer, GlideLight Laser sheath, and GORE® DrySeal Flex Introducer sheath, employed via the inferior vena cava. The “Four‐Stage Rocket” technique successfully detached firmly adhered leads near the tricuspid valve annulus, where the traditional superior vena cava approach was inadequate.ConclusionThe “Four‐Stage Rocket” technique offers a potential alternative in complex TLE cases, aligning the laser direction with the adhesion detachment and reducing the tissue damage risk.
The threat of voiced shareholder disapproval and the value of voting
Authors: Balthrop Justin , Bitting Jonathan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe study how granting shareholders an advisory compensation vote affects the subsequent demand for shareholder voting rights. We find that the voting premium decreases when shareholders are given the right to disapprove firm compensation plans, consistent with shareholders preemptively negotiating concessions, which results in a diminished need to use their votes. Potential concessions extend beyond compensation; firms that experience a decrease in voting premiums also experience changes to investment and dividend policy, as well as the number of independent directors. The same firms experience positive abnormal stock returns over the following year.
Geriatric conditions and healthcare utilization among older adults living in subsidized housing
Authors: Kler Sarah E. , Diaz‐Ramirez L. Grisell , Ryskina Kira L. , Young Jeon Sun , Patel Kanan , Cudjoe Thomas K. M. , Ritchie Christine S. , Harrison Krista L. , Boscardin W. John , Brown Rebecca T. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundNearly 2.9 million older Americans with lower incomes live in subsidized housing. While regional and single‐site studies show that this group has higher rates of healthcare utilization compared to older adults in the general community, little is known about healthcare utilization nationally nor associated risk factors.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥65 enrolled in the National Health and Aging Trends Study in 2011, linked to Medicare claims data, including individuals living in subsidized housing and the general community. Participants were followed annually through 2020. Outcomes were hospitalization, short‐term skilled nursing facility (SNF) utilization, long‐term care utilization, and death. Fine–Gray competing risks regression analysis was used to assess the association of subsidized housing residence with hospitalization and nursing facility utilization, and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to assess the association with death.ResultsAmong 6294 participants (3600 women, 2694 men; mean age, 75.5 years [SD, 7.0]), 295 lived in subsidized housing at baseline and 5999 in the general community. Compared to older adults in the general community, those in subsidized housing had a higher adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio [sHR] of hospitalization (sHR 1.21; 95% CI, 1.03–1.43), short‐term SNF utilization (sHR 1.49; 95% CI, 1.15–1.92), and long‐term care utilization (sHR 2.72; 95% CI, 1.67–4.43), but similar hazard of death (HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.69–1.08). Individuals with functional impairment had a higher adjusted subdistribution hazard of hospitalization and short‐term SNF utilization and individuals with dementia and functional impairment had a higher hazard of long‐term care utilization.ConclusionsOlder adults living in subsidized housing have higher hazards of hospitalization and nursing facility utilization compared to those in the general community. Housing‐based interventions to optimize aging in place and mitigate risk of nursing facility utilization should consider risk factors including functional impairment and dementia.
Identifying Drivers and Barriers to Precepting Midwifery Students: “A Little Part of Me Lives on in Each Student Midwife”
Authors: Blumenfeld Julie , Alspaugh Amy , Wright Lindsay , Lindberg Laura 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionIncreased access to midwifery care is one strategy that could improve perinatal health outcomes and help address the maternal health crisis in the United States. A modifiable barrier to increasing the workforce is greater access to midwifery preceptors for clinical training. The objective of this research is to use the socioecological framework to identify midwives’ perceptions of the barriers and facilitators to precepting students in clinical areas.MethodsMidwives attending a preceptor education and training workshop series responded to 3 different questions at the end of each session: (1) What makes precepting midwifery students challenging? (2) What makes precepting midwifery students possible? and (3) What makes precepting midwifery students worthwhile? Responses were coded to align with the socioecological framework, which distinguishes individual, interpersonal, community, institutional, and policy‐level influences.ResultsMidwives’ responses were spread across the levels of the socioecological model except for policy. Participants identified institutional influences such as support as factors that made precepting feasible, both individual and interpersonal factors such as time constraints as areas that presented challenges to precepting, and community factors, like the joy of sharing midwifery, contributing to what made precepting worthwhile.DiscussionMultiple levels of influence were identified in the preceptor process. Participants were internally motivated to precept while also articulating that to make precepting possible, there is a need for support from both colleagues and the greater systems within which they worked. Further studies are needed to investigate an ecosystem that facilitates an effective and sustainable model for midwifery precepting. Additionally, there is a need for efforts to engage and educate midwives in clinical practice about government advocacy that could actualize policy initiatives to support clinical midwifery education.
Characteristics of painful temporomandibular disorders and their influence on jaw functional limitation and oral health‐related quality of life
Authors: Yap Adrian Ujin , Lei Jie , Liu Chengge , Fu Kai Yuan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited knowledge about the impact of painful temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and pain characteristics on jaw functional limitation and oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) in TMD patients.ObjectivesThe influence of painful TMDs and pain characteristics on jaw functional limitation and OHRQoL was investigated. Inter‐relationships between limitation in jaw function and various OHRQoL domains, along with facial pain attributes predicting impaired jaw function and diminished OHRQoL were also examined.MethodsTMD patients were recruited from a university‐based hospital. A comprehensive questionnaire comprising demographic variables, the DC/TMD Symptom Questionnaire, Graded Chronic Pain Scale, Jaw Functional Limitation Scale‐8 (JFLS‐8) and Oral Health Impact Profile‐TMD (OHIP‐TMD) was administered. Participants underwent a protocolized physical examination, and TMD diagnoses were determined utilising the DC/TMD algorithms. Participants were subsequently stratified into intra‐articular/pain‐related/combined TMD groups, as well as no TMD pain, acute/chronic pain and low/high‐intensity pain groups. Data were assessed using non‐parametric and hierarchical linear regression analyses (α = .05).ResultsThe final sample consisted of 280 participants (mean age 31.2 (SD 11.8) years; 79.3% women). Significant differences in pain characteristics, JFLS‐8, and global OHIP scores were observed across the various TMD subtypes, pain chronicity and pain intensity categories. Pain intensity and pain‐related interference exhibited moderate correlations with JFLS‐8 and global OHIP scores (rs = 0.53–0.60). Moderate associations were also noted between JFLS‐8 and global OHIP, as well as most OHIP domains (rs = 0.42–0.64). Both jaw functional limitation and OHRQoL were predicted by sex, pain intensity and pain‐related interference.ConclusionsSex, pain intensity and pain‐related interference are key determinants for both impaired jaw function and diminished OHRQoL, with pain‐related interference exerting a more pronounced effect.
Life after life: Recidivism among individuals formerly sentenced to mandatory juvenile life without parole
Authors: Sbeglia Colleen , Simmons Cortney , Icenogle Grace , Levick Marsha , Peniche Monica , Beardslee Jordan , Cauffman Elizabeth 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn Miller v. Alabama (2012), the Supreme Court abolished mandatory juvenile life without parole (JLWOP) sentences and subsequently decided that the ruling applied retroactively (Montgomery v. Louisiana, 2016), effectively rendering thousands of inmates eligible for resentencing and potential release from prison. In its decisions, the Court cited developmental science, noting that youth, by virtue of their transient immaturity, are less culpable and more amenable to rehabilitation relative to their adult counterparts. Specifically, the Court notes adolescents' propensity for impulsive action, sensitivity to social influence, and difficulty understanding long‐term consequences. Even so, these rulings raised concerns regarding the consequences of releasing prisoners who had committed heinous crimes as juveniles. Several years after the Court's decision, preliminary data are now available to shed light on rates of recidivism among those released. The current paper comprises three goals. First, we discuss the science of adolescent development and how it intersects with legal practice, contextualizing the Court's decision. Second, we present recidivism data from a sample of individuals formerly sentenced to JLWOP in Pennsylvania who were resentenced and released under Miller and Montgomery (N = 287). Results indicate that 15 individuals received new criminal charges up to 7 years postrelease (5.2%), the majority of which were nonviolent offenses. This low rate of recidivism is consistent with the developmental science documenting compromised decision‐making during the adolescent years, followed by desistance from criminal behavior in adulthood. Lastly, we discuss the importance of interdisciplinary collaborations between researchers and legal practitioners, as well as critical future avenues of research in this area.
Association of cord blood vitamin D with child neurodevelopment at 7 years of age
Authors: Gould Jacqueline F , Cuthbert Alana R , Yelland Lisa N , Gibson Robert A , Smithers Lisa G , Zhou Shao J , Makrides Maria 
Published: June 2024

AimThe role of fetal vitamin D [25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D)], one of the nuclear steroid transcription regulators, and brain development is unclear. We previously found a weak but persistent association between cord blood 25(OH)D and child language abilities at 18 months and 4 years of age, but no association with cognition or behaviour. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between cord blood 25(OH)D and a range of neurodevelopmental outcomes in these same children at 7 years of age.MethodsCord blood samples from 250 Australian mother–child pairs were analysed for 25(OH)D by mass spectroscopy. Children underwent tests of cognition, language, academic abilities and executive functions with a trained assessor at 7 years of age. Caregivers completed questionnaires to rate their child's behaviour and executive functioning in the home environment. Associations between standardised 25(OH)D and outcomes were assessed using regression models, taking into account possible social and demographic confounders.ResultsStandardised 25(OH)D in cord blood was not associated with any test or parent‐rated scores. Nor was there any association with the risk of having a poor test or parent‐rated score. Likewise, cord blood 25(OH)D categorised as <25, 25–50 and >50 nmol/L was not associated with test scores or parent‐rated scores.ConclusionsThere was no evidence that cord blood vitamin D concentration or deficiency was associated with cognition, language, academic abilities, executive functioning or behaviour at 7 years of age.
The immune response in chronic HBV infection
Authors: Bertoletti Antonio 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) is an ancient virus that has evolved unique strategies to persist as a chronic infection in humans. Here, I summarize the innate and adaptive features of the HBV‐host interaction, and I discuss how different profiles of antiviral immunity cannot be predicted only on the basis of virological and clinical parameters.
In vitro screening model for compound interactions with human and dairy animal BCRP orthologs
Authors: Le Roux‐Pullen Lérica , Van den Heuvel Jeroen J.M.W. , Jonis Noraly B. , Scheer‐Weijers Tom , Dubbelboer Ilse R. , Koenderink Jan B. , Russel Frans G.M. , Gehring Ronette 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOrthologs of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2), an ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) efflux transmembrane transporter, are present in several species. The list of compounds known to interact with BCRP is growing, and many questions remain concerning species‐specific variations in substrate specificity and affinity and the potency of inhibitors. As the most abundant efflux transporter known to be present in the blood–milk barrier, BCRP can increase the elimination of certain xenobiotics to milk, posing a risk for suckling offspring and dairy product consumers. Here we developed a model that can be employed to investigate species‐specific differences between BCRP substrates and inhibitors. Membrane vesicles were isolated from transiently transduced human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells, overexpressing BCRP, with human, bovine, caprine, and ovine cDNA sequences. To confirm BCRP transport activity in the transduced cells, D‐luciferin efflux was measured and to confirm transport activity in the membrane vesicles, [3H] estrone‐3‐sulfate ([3H]E1S) influx was measured. We also determined the Michaelis–Menten constant (Km) and Vmax of [3H]E1S for each species. We have developed an in vitro transport model to study differences in compound interactions with BCRP orthologs from milk‐producing animal species and humans. BCRP transport activity was demonstrated in the species‐specific transduced cells by a reduced accumulation of D‐luciferin compared with the control cells, indicating BCRP‐mediated efflux of D‐luciferin. Functionality of the membrane vesicle model was demonstrated by confirming ATP‐dependent transport and by quantifying the kinetic parameters, Km and Vmax for the model substrate [3H]E1S. The values were not significantly different between species for the model substrates tested. This model can be insightful for appropriate inter‐species extrapolations and risk assessments of xenobiotics in lactating woman and dairy animals.