bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of the molecular states of the processive endocellulase Thermobifida fusca Cel9A during crystalline cellulose depolymerization
Authors: Kostylev Maxim , Moran‐Mirabal Jose M. , Walker Larry P. , Wilson David B. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractDetailed understanding of cell wall degrading enzymes is important for their modeling and industrial applications, including in the production of biofuels. Here we used Cel9A, a processive endocellulase from Thermobifida fusca, to demonstrate that cellulases that contain a catalytic domain (CD) attached to a cellulose binding module (CBM) by a flexible linker exist in three distinct molecular states. By measuring the ability of a soluble competitor to reduce Cel9A activity on an insoluble substrate, we show that the most common state of Cel9A is bound via its CBM, but with its CD unoccupied by the insoluble substrate. These findings are relevant for kinetic modeling and microscopy studies of modular glycoside hydrolases. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012;109: 295–299. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cation exchange chromatography provides effective retrovirus clearance for antibody purification processes
Authors: Connell‐Crowley Lisa , Nguyen Thao , Bach Julia , Chinniah Shivanthi , Bashiri Houman , Gillespie Ron , Moscariello John , Hinckley Peter , Dehghani Houman , Vunnum Suresh , Vedantham Ganesh 
Published: August 2011

AbstractOne measure taken to ensure safety of biotherapeutics produced in mammalian cells is to demonstrate the clearance of potential viral contaminants by downstream purification processes. This paper provides evidence that cation exchange chromatography (CEX), a widely used polishing step for monoclonal antibody (mAb) production, can effectively and reproducibly remove xMuLV, a retrovirus used as a model of non‐infectious retrovirus‐like particles found in Chinese hamster ovary cells. The dominant mechanism for xMuLV clearance by the strong cation exchanger, Fractogel SO, is by retention of the virus via adsorption instead of inactivation. Experimental data defining the design space for effective xMuLV removal by Fractogel SO with respect to operational pH, elution ionic strength, loading, and load/equilibration buffer ionic strength are provided. Additionally, xMuLV is able to bind to other CEX resins, such as Fractogel COO− and SP Sepharose Fast Flow, suggesting that this phenomenon is not restricted to one type of CEX resin. Taken together, the data indicate that CEX chromatography can be a robust and reproducible removal step for the model retrovirus xMuLV. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012;109: 157–165. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cultural Threat and Anti‐immigrant Prejudice: The Case of Protestants in Northern Ireland
Authors: Pehrson Samuel , Gheorghiu Mirona A. , Ireland Tomas 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTCultural threat has emerged as a consistent predictor of anti‐immigrant and anti‐minority attitudes across many different national contexts. We examine this issue in the context of Northern Ireland using representative survey data, suggesting that Protestant and unionist communities experience a higher level of cultural threat than Catholic and nationalist communities on account of the ‘parity of esteem’ principle that has informed changes in the province since the Belfast Agreement of 1998. Our analyses confirm that, although there is evidence for some level of anti‐immigrant sentiment across all groups, Protestants and unionists do indeed report relatively more negative attitudes towards a range of immigrant and ethnic target groups compared with Catholics, nationalists or respondents who do not identify with any political category. The analyses further suggest that their higher level of perceived cultural threat partially accounts for this difference. We argue that cultural threat can be interpreted as a response to changes in Northern Ireland that have challenged the dominant status enjoyed by Protestants and unionists in the past. More generally, we argue that a politicised characterisation of cultural threat needs to be elaborated through future work. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Role of the Counterion and of Silicon Chelation in the Selective Mono(trifluoromethylation) of Tartaric Acid Derived 1,4‐Diketones
Authors: Harakat Dominique , Massicot Fabien , Nonnenmacher Jean , Grellepois Fabienne , Portella Charles 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe addition of trifluoromethyl(trimethyl)silane (TFMTMS) to tartaric acid derived aromatic 1,4‐diketones was reported to be highly stereoselective but also chemoselective towards a monoaddition product. This chemoselectivity remained unexplained. Complementary experiments and monitoring of the reaction by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) show that: i) the countercation (tetrabutylammonium (TBA+) or Cs+) associated to the initiator and the charged intermediates in the chain reaction plays a crucial role and ii) in the case of a tetrabutylammonium salt initiator, the second addition on the preformed monoadduct does occur but the resulting bis(trifluoromethyl)carbinolate is unable to evolve through the chain‐transfer process and it exhibits an intramolecular SiO interaction.
Relating Structural Aspects of Bimetallic Pt3Cr1/C Nanoparticles to Their Electrocatalytic Activity, Stability, and Selectivity in the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Taufany Fadlilatul , Pan Chun‐Jern , Chou Hung‐Lung , Rick John , Chen Yong‐Siou , Liu Din‐Goa , Lee Jyh‐Fu , Tang Mau‐Tsu , Hwang Bing‐Joe 
Published: August 2011

AbstractTwo methods were used to prepare bimetallic Pt3Cr1/C nanocatalysts with similar composition but different alloying extent (structure). We investigated how these differences in alloying extent affect the catalytic activity, stability and selectivity in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). One method, based on slow thermal decomposition of the Cr precursor at a rate that matches that of chemical reduction of the Pt precursor, allows fine control of the composition of the Pt3Cr1/C alloy, whereas the second approach, using the ethylene glycol method, results in considerable deviation (>25 %) from the projected composition. Consequently, these two methods lead to variations in the alloying extent that strongly influence the Pt d‐band vacancy and the Pt electroactive surface area (Pt ESCA). This relationship was systematically evaluated by transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy, and electrochemical analysis. The ORR activity depends on two effects that nullify each other, namely, the number of active Pt sites and their activity. The Pt‐site activity is more dominant in governing the ORR activity. The selectivity of the nanocatalyst towards the ORR and the competitive methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) depend on these two effects acting in cooperation to give enhanced ORR activity with suppressed MOR. The number of active Pt sites is associated with the Pt ESCA value, while Pt‐site activity is associated with the alloying extent and Pt d‐band vacancy (electronic) effects. The presence of Cr atoms in Pt3Cr1/C enhances stability during electrochemical treatment. Overall, the Pt3Cr1/C catalyst prepared by controlled‐composition synthesis was shown to be superior in ORR activity, selectivity and stability owing to its favorable alloying extent, Pt d‐band vacancy, and Pt ESCA.
New Light on the Ring–Chain Equilibrium of a Hydrogen‐Bonded Supramolecular Polymer Based on a Photochromic Dithienylethene Unit and its Energy‐Transfer Properties as a Storage Material
Authors: Li Shao‐Lu , Xiao Tangxin , Xia Wei , Ding Xia , Yu Yihua , Jiang Juli , Wang Leyong 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA novel, bifunctional, quadruple hydrogen‐bonding ureido‐pyrimidinone (UPy) unit bridged by photochromic dithienylethene (1) has been synthesized, which affords linear assemblies in solution and undergoes concentration‐dependent ring‐opening polymerization. The two UPy functional groups of 1 can dimerize intramolecularly to form a cyclic monomer with the two thienyl rings fixed in a parallel conformation, which prohibits its photocyclization. We exploited the photochemical reactivity and resonance difference of the linker of the bis‐UPy derivative as well as using the more typical 1H NMR, DOSY, and Ubbelohde viscometry methods to investigate for the first time the ring–chain polymerization mechanism. Moreover, we fabricated a mixed polymer film with a fluorescent dye noncovalently endcapping the linear photochromic assemblies through quadruple hydrogen bonds, which showed nondestructive fluorescent read‐out ability for data storage by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) from the fluorescent dye to the closed form of the diarylethene.
Graphene Sheet/Porous NiO Hybrid Film for Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Xia Xinhui , Tu Jiangping , Mai Yongjin , Chen Rong , Wang Xiuli , Gu Changdong , Zhao Xinbing 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWe report the preparation of a nickel‐foam‐supported graphene sheet/porous NiO hybrid film by the combination of electrophoretic deposition and chemical‐bath deposition. The obtained graphene‐sheet film of about 19 layers was used as the nanoscale substrate for the formation of a highly porous NiO film made up of interconnected NiO flakes with a thickness of 10–20 nm. The graphene sheet/porous NiO hybrid film exhibits excellent pseudocapacitive behavior with pseudocapacitances of 400 and 324 F g−1 at 2 and 40 A g−1, respectively, which is higher than those of the porous NiO film (279 and 188 F g−1 at 2 and 40 A g−1). The enhancement of the pseudocapacitive properties is due to reinforcement of the electrochemical activity of the graphene‐sheet film.
Redox Non‐Innocence of Thioether Crowns: Spectroelectrochemistry and Electronic Structure of Formal Nickel(III) Complexes of Aza–Thioether Macrocycles
Authors: Stephen Emma , Huang Deguang , Shaw Jennifer L. , Blake Alexander J. , Collison David , Davies E. Stephen , Edge Ruth , Howard Judith A. K. , McInnes Eric J. L. , Wilson Claire , Wolowska Joanna , McMaster Jonathan , Schröder Martin 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe NiII complexes [Ni([9]aneNS2‐CH3)2]2+ ([9]aneNS2‐CH3=N‐methyl‐1‐aza‐4,7‐dithiacyclononane), [Ni(bis[9]aneNS2‐C2H4)]2+ (bis[9]aneNS2‐C2H4=1,2‐bis‐(1‐aza‐4,7‐dithiacyclononylethane) and [Ni([9]aneS3)2]2+ ([9]aneS3=1,4,7‐trithiacyclononane) have been prepared and can be electrochemically and chemically oxidized to give the formal NiIII products, which have been characterized by X‐ray crystallography, UV/Vis and multi‐frequency EPR spectroscopy. The single‐crystal X‐ray structure of [NiIII([9]aneNS2‐CH3)2](ClO4)6⋅(H5O2)3 reveals an octahedral co‐ordination at the Ni centre, while the crystal structure of [NiIII(bis[9]aneNS2‐C2H4)](ClO4)6⋅(H3O)3⋅ 3H2O exhibits a more distorted co‐ordination. In the homoleptic analogue, [NiIII([9]aneS3)2](ClO4)3, structurally characterized at 30 K, the NiS distances [2.249(6), 2.251(5) and 2.437(2) Å] are consistent with a Jahn–Teller distorted octahedral stereochemistry. [Ni([9]aneNS2‐CH3)2](PF6)2 shows a one‐electron oxidation process in MeCN (0.2 M NBu4PF6, 293 K) at E1/2=+1.10 V versus Fc+/Fc assigned to a formal NiIII/NiII couple. [Ni(bis[9]aneNS2‐C2H4)](PF6)2 exhibits a one‐electron oxidation process at E1/2=+0.98 V and a reduction process at E1/2=−1.25 V assigned to NiII/NiIII and NiII/NiI couples, respectively. The multi‐frequency X‐, L‐, S‐, K‐band EPR spectra of the 3+ cations and their 86.2 % 61Ni‐enriched analogues were simulated. Treatment of the spin Hamiltonian parameters by perturbation theory reveals that the SOMO has 50.6 %, 42.8 % and 37.2 % Ni character in [Ni([9]aneNS2‐CH3)2]3+, [Ni(bis[9]aneNS2‐C2H4)]3+ and [Ni([9]aneS3)2]3+, respectively, consistent with DFT calculations, and reflecting delocalisation of charge onto the S‐thioether centres. EPR spectra for [61Ni([9]aneS3)2]3+ are consistent with a dynamic Jahn–Teller distortion in this compound.
The Conversion of Furans into Phosphinines
Authors: Mao Yanli , Mathey François 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe [4+2] cycloadducts between furan compounds and a methylenechlorophosphane pentacarbonyltungsten complex are converted into the corresponding 2‐hydroxy‐ or 2‐bromophosphinine complexes by treatment with BBr3 and triethylamine. The X‐ray crystal structure of the parent 2‐phosphaphenol complex shows that the hydroxy substituent is coplanar with the ring and that the conjugation between the π lone pair of electrons on the oxygen atom and the ring leads to lengthening of the PC(OH) bond. This complex is methylated at the phosphorus atom by methyl iodide with disruption of the ring aromaticity. The complex is further silylated, acylated, and triflated at the oxygen atom with retention of the aromatic structure, and decomplexation by 1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphino)propane (DPPE) leads to the free parent 2‐phosphaphenol. The comparison of the X‐ray crystallographic structural analysis of the 2‐bromophosphinine complex with an earlier structure of the analogous 2‐chlorophosphinine complex suggests that 2‐bromo species is a better ligand than 2‐chlorophosphinine. When the [4+2] adducts are treated with BBr3 and water, a 2‐hydroxy‐3‐bromo‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydrophosphinine derivative is obtained, which yields a seven‐membered 2,1‐phosphaoxepin when treated with an amine.
Multifunctional Manganese Carbonate Microspheres with Superparamagnetic and Fluorescent Properties: Synthesis and Biological Application
Authors: Peng Juan , Feng Li‐Na , Zhang Kui , Li Jing‐Jing , Jiang Li‐Ping , Zhu Jun‐Jie 
Published: August 2011

AbstractMultifunctional manganese carbonate microspheres with superparamagnetic and fluorescent properties were fabricated and used as biological labels. The Fe3O4@MnCO3 microspheres were synthesized by direct co‐precipitation without any linker shell. The Fe3O4@MnCO3 microspheres have uniform size distribution and rough surface, which provides a promising template for the assembly of polyelectrolytes (PEs) and CdTe quantum dots (QDs). A luminescent CdTe shell was observed in Fe3O4@MnCO3@PE‐CdTe spheres by confocal fluorescence imaging. With excellent solubility in water and rough surfaces, the multifunctional microsphere offers a friendly microenvironment for immobilization of α‐fetoprotein (AFP) antibodies (Ab2) to fabricate Fe3O4@MnCO3@PE‐CdTe‐Ab2 architecture. By using the Fe3O4@MnCO3@PEs‐CdTe‐Ab2 bioconjugate as a label, a promising and versatile platform for fluorescence imaging and electrochemical immunosensing of cancer biomarker AFP was developed. The prepared electrochemical immunosensor shows high sensitivity and selectivity with a detection limit of 0.3 pg mL−1.
Layer‐by‐Layer Assembly of Na9[EuW10O36]⋅32 H2O and Layered Double Hydroxides Leading to Ordered Ultra‐Thin Films: Cooperative Effect and Orientation Effect
Authors: Xu Junhua , Zhao Shen , Han Zhenzhen , Wang Xiaoting , Song Yu‐Fei 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWell‐ordered, ultra‐thin films (UTFs) based on the hybrid assembly of Na9[EuW10O36]⋅32 H2O (denoted as EuW10) and exfoliated MgAl layered double hydroxide (LDH) monolayers have been fabricated by utilising a layer‐by‐layer (LBL) technique. The assembly process was monitored by UV/Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy measurements to get a stepwise and regular growth of the UTFs upon increasing the deposited cycles. In the resulting (EuW10/LDH)n UTFs, the intercalation of EuW10 anions into LDH monolayers allows the UTFs to retain their optical properties. Meanwhile, LDH monolayers provide EuW10 with a confined and protective microenvironment to isolate them from each other between adjacent layers. The UTFs exhibit a periodic, long‐range, ordered structure. Anisotropic luminescence spectroscopy measurements show that the (EuW10/LDHs)n UTFs display well‐defined red luminescence with an anisotropy value, r, of about 0.15. Therefore, the cooperative and orientation effects between the host layers and guest anions play significant roles for the improved properties of the (EuW10/LDHs)n UTFs. This work could benefit the design and fabrication of novel electro‐optical devices based on the UTFs of hybrid materials.
Dynamics of Closure of Zinc Bis‐Porphyrin Molecular Tweezers with Copper(II) Ions and Electron Transfer
Authors: Habermeyer Benoit , Takai Atsuro , Gros Claude P. , El Ojaimi Maya , Barbe Jean‐Michel , Fukuzumi Shunichi 
Published: August 2011

AbstractZinc bis‐porphyrin molecular tweezers composed of a N4 spacer bound through pyridyl units to the meso position of porphyrins were synthesized, and the tweezers are closed by the coordination of a copper(II) ion inside the spacer ligand. The effect of the π–π interaction between the porphyrin rings in the closed conformation on the absorption spectra of multi‐electron oxidized species and the reduction potentials were clarified by chemical and electrochemical oxidation of the closed form of the zinc bis‐porphyrin molecular tweezers in comparison with the open form without copper(II) ion and the corresponding porphyrin monomer. The shifts in redox potentials and absorption spectrum of the porphyrin dication indicate a strong electronic interaction between the two oxidized porphyrins in the closed form, whereas there is little interaction between them in the neutral form. The dynamics of copper(II) ion coordination and subsequent electron transfer was examined by using a stopped‐flow UV/Vis spectroscopic technique. It was confirmed that coordination of copper(II) occurs prior to electron‐transfer oxidation of the closed form of the zinc bis‐porphyrin molecular tweezers.
Supramolecular Isomerism of 2,2′‐Bipyrazine Complexes with cis‐(NH3)2PtII: Ligand Rotational State and Sequential Orientation Determine the 3D Shape of Metallacycles
Authors: Galstyan Anzhela , Shen Wei‐Zheng , Freisinger Eva , Alkam Hussein , Hiller Wolf , Sanz Miguel Pablo J. , Schürmann Markus , Lippert Bernhard 
Published: August 2011

Abstract2,2′‐Bipyrazine (2,2′‐bpz) reacts with cis‐(NH3)2PtII in water to give a variety of products, several of which were isolated and characterized by X‐ray analysis: cis‐[Pt(NH3)2(2,2′‐bpz‐N4)2](NO3)2⋅3 H2O (1), [{cis‐Pt(NH3)2(2,2′‐bpz‐N4,N4′)}3](PF6)5NO3⋅7 H2O (2 a), [{cis‐Pt(NH3)2(2,2′‐bpz‐N4,N4′)}3](BF4)2(SiF6)2⋅15 H2O (2 b), and [{cis‐Pt(NH3)2(2,2′‐bpz‐N4,N4′)}4](SO4)4⋅22 H2O (3). In 1, 2 b, and 3 the 2,2′‐bpz ligands adopt approximately C2h symmetries, hence the two pyrazine halves are in trans orientation, whereas in 2 a all three 2,2′‐bpz bridges are approximately C2v symmetric, with the pyrazine halves cis to each other. The topologies of the two triangular complexes 2 a and 2 b are consequently distinctly different, but nevertheless both cations act as hosts for anions. In 2 a a PF6− and a NO3− anion are associated simultaneously with the +6 cation, whereas in 2 b it is a BF4− anion and a water molecule, which are trapped in its cavity. There is no anion inclusion in case of the metallasquare 3. In principle, 3 can exist in a large number of stereoisomers, depending on the rotational states of the bridging 2,2′‐bpz ligands. Isolation of a single rotamer form of 3 with C2h symmetric 2,2′‐bpz ligands and an overall meso form is proposed to be a consequence of a highly efficient self‐assembly process that starts from the precursor 1 and reaction with two cis‐(NH3)2PtII units. This process leads to the isolated rotamer of 3 regardless of whether two cations 1 in head–head form react with two cis‐(NH3)2PtII, or whether the Δ enantiomer of the chiral head–tail form of 1 combines with its Λ enantiomer through two cis‐(NH3)2PtII entities.
The Structure of Water in p‐Sulfonatocalix[4]arene
Authors: Fucke Katharina , Anderson Kirsty M. , Filby Maria H. , Henry Marc , Wright Jonathan , Mason Sax A. , Gutmann Matthias J. , Barbour Leonard J. , Oliver Clive , Coleman Anthony W. , Atwood Jerry L. , Howard Judith A. K. , Steed Jonathan W. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractTetrasodium p‐sulfonatocalix[4]arene exists as a hydrate with approximately 14 water molecules and has three polymorphic modifications, all of which contain a water molecule in the molecular cavity that is engaged in OH⋅⋅⋅π interactions. Single‐crystal neutron structures are reported for two of these three forms and reveal a “compressed” water molecule with short OH bonds. Partial atomic charges and hardness analysis (PACHA) calculations based on the neutron coordinates give an OH⋅⋅⋅π interaction energy of 6.9–7.5 kJ mol−1. The PACHA analysis also reveals the dominance of the charge‐assisted hydrogen bonds from the Na+‐coordinated water molecules. The instability of the crystal towards dehydration can be traced to an uncoordinated lattice water site. The remarkable calixarene‐Na+‐hydrate motif is conserved almost unchanged across all three polymorphs. A single‐crystal neutron structure is also reported for pentasodium p‐sulfonatocalix[4]arene⋅12 H2O, which exhibits an intracavity water molecule that is engaged in both OH⋅⋅⋅π and OH⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonding. The shorter covalent bond to the hydrogen atom that forms the interaction with the aromatic ring is again apparent.
ChemInform Abstract: Refined Crystal Structure and Idealized Structure of Mixed‐Valent Eu4F5(CN2)2: Transition Possible.
Authors: Unverfehrt Leonid , Stroebele Markus , Glaser Jochen , Langer Thorsten , Hoffmann Rolf‐Dieter , Poettgen Rainer , Meyer H.‐Juergen 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe title compound is prepared by solid state reaction of EuF3, EuF2+x, and Li2(CN2) at 700 °C and characterized by single crystal XRD, 151Eu Moessbauer spectroscopy, and magnetic measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Scaffolding, Ladders, Chains, and Rare Ferrimagnetism in Intermetallic Borides: Synthesis, Crystal Chemistry and Magnetism.
Authors: Goerens Christian , Brgoch Jakoah , Miller Gordon J. , Fokwa Boniface P. T. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe new complex boride phases Ti8Fe3Ru18B8 and Ti7Fe4Ru18B8 are synthesized by arc‐melting of the elements.
ChemInform Abstract: “Chemical Metamagnetism”: From Antiferromagnetic PrCo2P2 to Ferromagnetic Pr0.8Eu0.2Co2P2 via Chemical Compression.
Authors: Kovnir Kirill , Reiff William M. , Menushenkov Alexey P. , Yaroslavtsev Alexander A. , Chernikov Roman V. , Shatruk Michael 
Published: August 2011

AbstractPr0.8M0.2Co2P2 (M: Eu, Ca) are synthesized from mixtures of the elements in a Sn flux (silica ampules, 1155 K, 10 d) and characterized by powder and single crystal XRD, Moessbauer spectroscopy, magnetic measurements, and DFT band structure calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,1,1‐Tris(distanna‐closo‐dodecaborate)stannate: A Tripodal Tin Ligand.
Authors: Nickl Claudia , Eichele Klaus , Joosten Dominik , Langer Thorsten , Schappacher Falko M. , Poettgen Rainer , Englert Ulli , Wesemann Lars 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe unprecedented [Sn(Sn2B10H10)3]4‐ anion of (III) with a Sn7 skeleton forms a tripodal coordination socket.
ChemInform Abstract: Two New Neptunyl(V) Selenites: A Novel Cation—Cation Interaction Framework in (NpO2)3(OH)(SeO3) (H2O)2·H2O and a Uranophane‐Type Sheet in Na(NpO2)(SeO3)(H2O).
Authors: Jin Geng Bang , Skanthakumar S. , Soderholm L. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe structures of the new compounds (III) and (V) are determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: A Reversal Phenomenon of Enantioface Selectivity by the Cooperative Operation of Two Chiral Catalyst.
Authors: Kawasaki Tsuneomi , Wakushima Yuki , Asahina Mai , Shiozawa Kazuya , Kinoshita Tomoyuki , Lutz Francois , Soai Kenso 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe reversal phenomenon of enantioface selectivity in the asymmetric addition of diisopropylzinc (II) to aromatic aldehydes (I) and (IV) is observed by mixing two chiral β‐amino alcohol catalysts.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Chloroamination Reaction of α,β‐Unsaturated γ‐Keto Esters and Chalcones.
Authors: Cai Yunfei , Liu Xiaohua , Jiang Jun , Chen Weiliang , Lin Lili , Feng Xiaoming 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe title reaction is performed with a 1:1 mixture of TosNCl2 and TosNH2 which makes the chloroamination highly efficient.