bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Keratin Staining of Canine Epithelial Tissues by a Polyclonal Antiserum
Authors: Vos J. H. , Ingh T. S. G. A. M. van den , Misdorp W. , Ramaekers F. C. S. , Mil F. N. van , de Neijs M. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe keratin distribution pattern in various canine epithelial tissues has been studied using a commercially available rabbit antiserum, raised against human skin keratins, in an immunoperoxidase staining method with the peroxidase‐antiperoxidase complex (PAP). The staining results of two fixation methods were compared. Paraffin sections after fixation in Carnoy's solution showed optimal results, whereas paraffin sections after fixation in 10% buffered formalin resulted in a strongly reduced keratin staining reaction. Keratinizing and non‐keratinizing stratified epithelia showed a strong staining reaction. Glandular epithelium and the non‐stratified epithelia of internal organs e. g. liver, kidney and intestine did not react with the antiserum. However, glandular ductal epithelium, myoepithelial cells and basal cells in various epithelial tissues showed a positive staining reaction. The results indicate the presence of different keratin types in these canine epithelial tissues. The keratin distribution pattern is compared with the distribution pattern observed in tissues of other species.ZusammenfassungFärbung des Keratins in epithelialen Geweben des Hundes mit einem polyclonalen AntiserumIn verschiedenen epithelialen Geweben des Hundes wurde das Keratin‐Verteilungsmuster unter Verwendung eines kommerziellen, gegen humane Haut‐Keratine gerichteten Kaninchen‐Antiserums mittels einer Immuno‐Peroxydase‐Färbemethode mit dem Peroxydase‐Antiperoxydase‐Komplex (PAP) untersucht. Dabei wurden auch die Auswirkungen zweier Fixationsverfahren auf die Färbung verglichen. Optimale Ergebnisse wurden mit Paraffinschnitten nach Fixation in der Carnoyschen Lösung erhalten, während sich mit Paraffin‐Schnitten nach Fixation in 10%iger gepufferter Formalin‐Lösung eine stark abgeschwächte Keratin‐Färbung ergab.Keratinisierendes und nicht keratinisierendes mehrschichtiges Epithel zeigte die stärkste Färbereaktion. Drüsenepithel und Epithel innerer Organe, wie z. B. der Leber, der Niere und des Darms reagierten mit dem Antiserum nicht. Dagegen zeigten das Epithel von Drüsengängen, Myoepithelzellen und Basalzellen verschiedener epithelialer Gewebe eine positive Reaktion. Die Ergebnisse weisen auf das Vorhandensein verschiedener Keratin‐Typen in diesen epithelialen Geweben des Hundes hin. Das Keratinverteilungsmuster wird mit dem Keratinverteilungsmuster von Geweben anderer Species verglichen.
Pancreatic Degenerative Atrophy in the Collie Breed: A Hereditary Disease
Authors: Westermarck E. , Pamilo P. , Wiberg M. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIn Finland pancreatic degenerative atrophy (PDA) is most commonly diagnosed in two breeds of dogs: the German Shepherd and the rough coated Collie. The incidence of PDA in the Collie breed in Finland is close to 1%. Of the 51 cases diagnosed in the Collie breed 44 could be placed in one composite pedigree. An affected dog in that pedigree had, on average, 17 affected relatives distributed in 11 different litters. This clustering strongly suggests that PDA is a hereditary disease. The pedigree data indicate that PDA could be an autosomal recessive trait, although the estimated proportion of affected offspring within litters (0.13) was lower than the expected Mendelian frequency (0.25).ZusammenfassungDie degenerative Pankreasatrophie beim Collie, eine ErbkrankheitIn Finnland wird die degenerative Pankreasatrophie (PDA) hauptsächlich bei zwei Hunderassen diagnostiziert, dem Deutschen Schäferhund und dem Rauhhaar‐Collie. Das Vorkommen der PDA beim Collie liegt in Finnland bei etwa 1%. Von den 51 bei Collies diagnostizierten Fällen konnten 44 in einem Stammbaum untergebracht werden. Ein betroffener Hund in diesem Stammbaum hatte durchschnittlich 17 betroffene Verwandte, die sich auf 11 verschiedene Würfe verteilten. Aufgrund dieser Häufung dürfte es sich bei der PDA um eine Erbkrankheit handeln. Die Stammbaum‐Daten lassen vermuten, daß die PDA autosomal rezessiv vererbt wird, obgleich der geschätzte Anteil betroffener Nachkommen innerhalb der Würfe (0,13) niedriger war als der nach den Mendelschen Gesetzen zu erwartende Anteil (0,25).
Intrauterine Growth Rates of the West African Dwarf Goat and Some Foetal Organs in Relation to Strategic Feed Supplementation During Pregnancy
Authors: Osuagwuh A. I. A. , Aire T. A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe intrauterine growth rate of West African dwarf (WAD) goats and their foetal brain, heart and liver were studied to provide possible approaches for formulating maternal feeding strategies during pregnancy for minimizing reproductive wastage due to abortion, dystocia and neonatal mortality. Twenty‐five pregnant adult WAD does, involving 58 foetuses were studied. The goats were fed a standard farm ration and the foetuses were harvested by caesarean section at 30, 60, 90, 120 and 140 days of gestation. The data were analysed by an exponential growth model subjected to multiple linear regression analysis to obtain the daily growth rate and maximal rate of increase of each variable studied.The results showed that the foetal body, brain, heart and liver weights were significantly related with gestational age (P<0.01). The coefficients, b1 and b2, were also significant (P<0.01). The variables considered in this study showed different maximum rates of growth and different initial instantaneous growth rates which also decreased at different rates for each day of gestation. The results indicated that feed supplementation in pregnant WAD does should be determined from changes in foetal growth rate in order to minimize reproductive wastage and for economics of animal production, and that high feed supplementation before 70 and after 118 days post‐breeding should be avoided.
Diprosopia in a Cat
Authors: Camón J. , Ruberte J. , Ordóñez G. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA diprosopic cat is described. In the head, two snouts, three eyes and two pinnae were present. The mandible was single and immobile because labial skin of both upper lips and single lower lip was partly fused. Superimposition of upper and lower dental arches was impossible and the mouths remained permanently open. Two incomplete oral cavities were present and the two tongues were joined at their base. The brain was duplicated in part. In the cranium only occipital and temporal bones were normal, the basisphenoid was bifurcated and the remaining bones were duplicated. Embryological mechanisms are discussed.
Relaxation of Muscle Strips from the Reticular Groove and Reticulo‐Omasal Orifice by Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP)
Authors: Denac M. , Oertle C. , Kumin G. , Eggenberger E. , Scharrer E. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe effect of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) on muscle strips from the reticular groove, the reticulo‐omasal orifice (ROO) and the omasal canal was studied. VIP caused a concentration‐dependent (10−8–5 · 10−7mol/l) reduction of the acetylcholine‐induced (55 · 10−6mol/l) contraction of the reticular groove muscle preparations from calves and adult cattle. VIP was more effective in the muscle strips from calves than in those from adult cattle. Moreover, the circular muscle strips from the reticular groove were more sensitive to VIP than the longitudinal muscle strips.VIP also induced a concentration‐related (10−8–5 · 10−7mol/l) relaxation of muscle strips from the calf ROO. Furthermore, both circular and longitudinal muscle strips from the omasal canal of the calf were relaxed by VIP (10−7–5 · 10−7mol/l). The relaxing effect of VIP on the circular muscle strips from the reticular groove of the calf was not significantly affected during incubation with 5 · lO−6mol/l tetrodotoxin. The relaxing effect of VIP therefore seems to be mediated by VIP receptors of smooth muscle cells.These properties of VIP in conjunction with its presence in nerve fibres located in the wall of the reticular groove and ROO are consistent with a role of VIP as inhibitory transmitter in this region of the bovine stomach.
Effect of Perinatal Anti‐TCR2 Treatment and Thymectomy on Serum Immunoglobulin Levels in the Chicken
Authors: Cihak J. , Ziegler‐Heitbrock H. W. L. , Stein H. , Lösch U. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryTreatment of chickens as embryos and in the first six days after hatching with mg amounts of anti‐TCR2 (αβ T cell antigen receptor) antibody plus thymectomy 6 to 8 days after hatching suppressed by more than 90% the TCR2 and TCR1 (TCRγδ) subpopulations in the blood. Thymectomy alone resulted only in a profound reduction (> 90%) of the absolute number of TCR1 cells, while the absolute number of TCR2 cells was reduced only by 65%. We were interested in the regulation of the immunoglobulin synthesis in these T cell deficient chickens. We determined serum IgG, IgM and IgA levels and found a profound selective reduction (by about 90% on average) of the serum IgA level in anti‐TCR2 antibody treated plus thymectomized chickens. In chickens which had been thymectomized only, the serum IgA level was reduced on average only by about 60%. Serum IgG and IgM levels were not reduced in any group.Thus, there was a positive correlation of the serum IgA level and the absolute number of TCR2 cells in all groups. These results indicate that T cells which play a role in IgA specific isotype switching or in IgA B cell differentiation belong to the TCR2 subpopulation.
The Influence of Thiourea on the Development of the Cultured Quail Embryo*
Authors: Kaltner H. , Heydner Ch. , Wittmann J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryAlthough thyroid hormones are known to promote embryonic development, it is still questionable whether the hormones of the thyroid gland exert a stimulatory effect on the early embryo. In attempting to elucidate the thyroid function in this period, we tried to block the synthesis of thyroid hormones by thiourea and followed the embryogenesis under these conditions.The experiments were performed with cultured quail embryos (Coturnix coturnix japonica), which seemed especially suitable for those studies.The results demonstrate that thiourea causes a decrease of the survival rate, DNA‐synthesis and of the excretion of uric acid into the allantoic liquid. Furthermore, it exerts an inhibitory effect on weight gain and developmental stages. On the basis of these results it seems very likely, that thyroid hormones exert a stimulatory effect on the development of quail embryos earlier than assumed previously.
Osteopenia Caused by Ovariectomy in Young Female Rats and Prophylactic Effects of 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3*
Authors: Kohn B. , Erben R. G. , Weiser H. , Rambeck W. A. , Zucker H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryYoung female rats were subjected to either bilateral ovariectomy or sham operation. One group of ovariectomized (ovx) animals was treated with the vitamin D metabolite 1,25(OH)2D3 after surgery. The effects of ovariectomy and 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment on different markers of bone formation (serum alkaline phosphatase, serum bone gla protein) and bone resorption (fasting urinary hydroxyproline) were determined. All rats were euthanized at 7 weeks post ovariectomy and their first lumbar vertebra were processed undecalcified for quantitative bone histomorphometry. A significant decrease in cancellous bone mass was noted in ovx compared with sham‐operated rats. This bone loss was associated with increased biochemical markers of bone formation and bone resorption. Furthermore, ovariectomy led to elevated osteoblast perimeter and osteoid parameters as well as an increased osteoclast number. These data indicate that young growing rats develop osteopenia 7 weeks after ovariectomy which goes along with an accelerated bone turnover. Bone gla‐protein, alkaline phosphatase and hydroxyproline can be useful markers in studies with ovx rats. Treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 led to a lowered urinary hydroxyproline excretion and a significant decrease of osteoclast number whereas histomorphometrical indices of bone formation were nearly unchanged. Cancellous bone mass increased significantly in ovx rats treated with 1,25(OH)2D3 compared with non‐treated rats. These results suggest that 1,25(OH)2D3 has a prophylactic effect with regard to bone loss in ovx rats which refers to a diminished bone resorption in the high bone turnover condition of ovx animals.
Lobeline‐Induced Hyperpnea in Equids
Authors: Art T. , Desmecht D. , Amory H. , Lekeux P. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIn order to facilitate lung auscultation, a transitory hyperpnea may be obtained by lobeline administration, use of a rebreathing bag or exercise. The effect of these three methods on the pulmonary function were studied and compared in 5 healthy ponies. Respiratory airflow and tidal volume were measured with a pneumotachograph Nr. 5 and pleural pressure with the esophageal balloon catheter technique. Pulmonary function values were measured before, during and after the hyperpnea induced by (i) lobeline, (ii) rebreathing and (iii) exercise.Lobeline administration induced an hyperpnea due to both an increase in tidal volume and respiratory rate; this increase in ventilation lasted for about 90s and was accompanied by a sharp rise in the respiratory peak airflows, especially the expiratory ones. The rebreathing method induced a less hyperpnea which lasted only 30s. Lastly the hyperpnea after a light treadmill exercise was the longer in duration and intermediate between the preceding methods in intensity.
Finnish Dairy Cows: Energy Balance and Seasonal Variation in Fertility
Authors: Miettinen P. V. A. , Rainio V. A. , Kukkonen S. A. , SetäläU J. J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe relationship between metabolic balance and seasonal variations in fertility was studied in middle Finland in 104 cows that had calved from February to June. The cows were kept indoors until the end of May when they turned out to pasture.Urea and acetone concentrations in milk were used to evaluate metabolic balance, and progesterone assays were used to determine the onset of ovarian activity.The length of ovarian quiescence was influenced by the season. All cows that calved in May had started their ovarian activity by 7 weeks postpartum, while 64% and 70%, respectively, of those that calved in March and April had increased levels of progesterone (p < 0.01).Cows that calved in March had the highest concentrations of acetone beyond 4 weeks postpartum. On pasture the energy balance reached equilibrium in five weeks postpartum, whereas cows kept indoors had an increased level of acetone even 9 weeks after parturition.No correlation was found between urea levels and reproductive performance. The most harmful effect of increased acetone concentration was found in late puerperium. The adverse effect of low energy level was also observed when cows were on pasture; increased level of acetone was significantly correlated with a long interval from calving to first insemination and conception (p < 0.05). Cows that calved in late spring had the shortest interval from calving to first insemination and conception.In dairy cows an imbalance in energy metabolism in late puerperium affects reproductive performance negatively. The effect of season on fertility was due to the better metabolic balance of cows on pasture. The positive effect of pasture may be due to exercise and to better nutrition.
Haematological Profile in Neonatal Dwarf and Landrace Kids
Authors: Mbassa G. K. , Poulsen J. S. D. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe haematological profile in neonatal dwarf and Danish landrace kids was investigated in 62 healthy Danish landrace and 34 dwarf kids from birth to 12 months of age in 7 herds. The objective was to determine the reference values in the breeds, and evaluate the influence of age and environment on haematological parameters. Parametric (means and standard deviations) and non‐parametric (5th, 95th percentile, median) values were calculated for each analysis. Results of the two statistical methods were close to each other. The number of erythrocytes in both breeds increased with age from neonatal minimum values. Haemoglobin concentration and haematocrit decreased from the neonatal values in the following two weeks of life, whereafter they increased. Haemoglobin concentration and mean corpuscular volumes were significantly higher in neonatal dwarf than in landrace kids. Differences in erythrocyte counts and haematocrit were observed with subsequent growth. There were significant differences in erythrocyte counts, haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular haemoglobin, between breeds (in kids of similar age), age groups (within the breeds) and herds (in kids of similar age within the breeds). Statistically significant differences in haematological values between female and male kids of similar young ages within the same breed were not observed. Age, breed and environment influenced the level of haematological parameters in kids.
Serum Lysozyme Activity and Nitroblue Tetrazolium Reduction Test in Dogs With Diabetes Mellitus*
Authors: Lechowski R. , Lenarcik M. , Degòrski A. , Winnicka A. 
Published: May 2010

SummarySerum lysozyme activity and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction by blood phagocytes were studied in 24 dogs with controlled insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus and in 16 healthy controls aged from 6 to 12 years. In dogs with diabetes mellitus serum lysozyme activity was significantly (p < 0.001) lowered. The NBT reducing value of circulating phagocytes in diabetic dogs was increased (p < 0.05), whereas these cells increase in NBT reduction following stimulation (stimulation index) was decreased (p <0.05).It is suggested that in diabetic dogs changes in activity of circulating and tissue phagocytes may occur.
Ein indirekter Nachweis der Ovulation und Fertilisation beim Hund durch Progesteronverlaufsuntersuchungen*
Authors: Arbeiter K. , Dobretsberger M. , Müller Erika , Holzmann A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryAbout an Indirect Proof of Ovulation and Ovafertilisation in Dogs by Continued Controls of Plasma Progesterone Levels: In addition to already published data (Arbeiter et al., 1990) we could achieve important facts concerning the estimation of mating time of the bitch by measuring the progesterone (P4) level continuously and observing the clinical signs on a collective of 106 ambulant patients. We found that a P 4‐concentration of 5 ng/ml plasma and above is signalizing ovulation or ovafertilisation; a sudden rise of the progesterone over 10 ng (Ovucheck®), reflecting 19.2 ng/ml (Serozyme®‐Progesterone), turned out to be a diagnostic mark for determination of mating time.Copulation took place between the 9th and 19th day of heat. 89% of the controllable bitches (n = 79) conceived and birth occurred 61.4 days (x̄) later. The litter size and the loss of dead born puppies (4.7 %) was normal with regard to the pertinent races. Because of their easy handling the P 4‐testkits (Ovucheck®; Serozyme®‐Progesterone) are of good use for the practician.ZusammenfassungBereits publizierte Untersuchungen weiterführend (Arbeiter u. Mitarb., 1990), konnten an 106 ambulant betreuten Patienten aufgrund von Progesteron‐Verlaufskontrollen im Verein mit den klinischen Befunden wesentliche Erkenntnisse für eine präzisere Bestimmung der Deckzeit bei der Hündin gewonnen werden. Es wurde ermittelt, daß ein P4‐Gehalt von 5 ng/ml Plasma und darüber die Freisetzung und nachfolgende Fertilisation der Ova anzeigt und das sprunghafte Ansteigen auf > 10 ng/ml (Ovucheck®) entsprechend 19,2 ng/ml (Serozyme®‐Progesteron), ein diagnostischer Richtwert für die Deckzeitbestimmung ist.Die Belegungen erfolgten zwischen dem 9. und 19. Tag der Läufigkeit; 89% der kontrollierbaren Hündinnen (n = 79) konzipierten und kamen nach 61,4 Tagen (x̄) zur Geburt. Die Wurfgrößen waren den Rassen gemäß, der Verlust an Totgeburten (4,7%) der Norm entsprechend. — Die einfach auszuführenden P4‐Messungen (Ovucheck®‐Schätzwerte; Serozyme®‐Progesteron‐Digitalmessung) machen die Verfahren auch für die Praxis geeignet.
Possible Importance for Laminitis Research of Recent Studies on Substances Influencing the Differentiation of Cultured Keratinocytes
Authors: Ekfalck A. , Jones B. , Obel N. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryAfter a survey of the state of laminitis research the authors conclude that none of the present concepts of the pathogenesis of laminitis unequivocally explains the basic clinical and morphological observations in this disease. There is therefore reason to consider the advances that have been made during the last decades in respect to the influence of various substances on the differentiation of cultured skin keratinocytes. The technique is available for studying hoof keratinocytes in a comparable way. Relevant literature on cultured skin keratinocytes is surveyed. Some of the results from experimental studies on skin keratinocytes have an obvious connection with observations in laminitis, a fact which has led the authors to hypothesize that laminitis may be a “multifactorial” disease and that it may be provoked by agents stimulating multiplication of hoof keratinocytes with consequent reduction of differentiation.
Zahl und Reifegradverteilung der Retikulozyten von sechs Tierarten
Authors: Fuchs A. , Eder H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryEnumeration and maturation distribution of reticulocytes of six species:With the fully automated reticulocyte analyzer Sysmex R‐1000 (Fa. Toa Medical Electronics Co., LTD) the reticulocyte count and the reticulocyte ratio of rabbit, rat, mouse, mastomys, dog and swine was determinated. Simultaneously, the reticulocytes were subdivided into 10 maturation classes according to their fluorescence intensity.The maturation distribution can be characterized by a distribution quotient. Both the maturation distribution as well as the distribution quotient are considered to be useful as good indicators of erythropoietic activity.The investigation establishes, that the reticulocyte count and the maturation distribution of these six species can be determinated quickly and easily. The distinct differences between the species reflect the maturation locus of the reticulocytes, which varies among the species (medullary or humoral type of maturation).ZusammenfassungMit Hilfe der vollautomatisierten Analysemethode Sysmex R‐1000 (Fa. Toa Medical Electronics Co., LTD) wurde die absolute und relative Retikulozytenzahl von Kaninchen, Ratte, weißer Maus, Vielzitzenmaus, Hund und Schwein bestimmt. Gleichzeitig erfolgte über die Erfassung der Fluoreszenzintensität eine Einteilung dieser Zellen in 10 Reifeklassen.Durch einen Verteilungsquotienten wird eine Rechengröße angegeben, die diese Reifegradverteilung einfach charakterisiert. Sowohl die Reifegradverteilung als auch der Verteilungsquotient bieten aufgrund ihrer höheren Objektivität und besseren Auflösung eine gute Grundlage zur Beurteilung der erythropoetischen Aktivität.Die Untersuchung hat ergeben, daß die Retikulozytenzahl und die Retikulozyten‐Reifegradverteilung bei den erwähnten sechs Tierarten schnell und problemlos bestimmt werden kann. Die Unterschiede zwischen den einzelnen Tierarten sind deutlich und spiegeln die tierartspezifische Ausreifung der Retikulozyten wider (medullärer oder humoraler Ausreifungstyp).