bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvement in metformin and insulin utilisation in the Australian veteran population associated with quality use of medicines intervention programs
Authors: Gadzhanova Svetla , Roughead Elizabeth E. , Loukas Katrina , Vajda Jacqualine 
Published: December 2010

AbstractPurposeTo examine the impact of 2001 and 2005 quality use of medicines (QUMs) diabetes programs implemented by National Prescribing Service (NPS) on the prevalence of utilisation of metformin and insulin among the Australian diabetes veteran population.MethodsA retrospective observational study using Department of Veterans' Affairs pharmacy claims data. Diabetes population was defined as all veterans aged 55 and over who were dispensed medicines indicative of diabetes between 2000 and 2007. Prevalence of utilisation of metformin and insulin were assessed. Time series regression analysis was undertaken to study the effect on drug utilisation of NPS diabetes intervention programs.ResultsOf the diabetes population, over 55% has been dispensed metformin, and around 20% insulin. Across 2000–2007, metformin used as monotherapy has risen from 22.7 to 28.6% of the diabetes population and metformin concurrent with other diabetes medicines has increased from 32.3 to 36.5%. Insulin monotherapy has decreased from 13.9 to 11.5%, while insulin in combination with oral hypoglycaemics has increased from 6.1 to 11.1%. Twenty‐four months post the onset of second NPS diabetes intervention, there was 4.2% relative increase in metformin use, and 13.5% relative increase in insulin used concurrently with oral hypoglycaemics, compared to the estimates without the interventions.ConclusionsChanges in oral hypoglycaemics trends are towards metformin dispensing as part of ongoing diabetes management. Insulin trends have been away from monotherapy and towards concurrent dispensing with oral antidiabetic drugs. NPS QUMs programs for diabetes management were positively associated with these changes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Deposition of Thin Films from Amino Group Containing Precursors with an Atmospheric Pressure Microplasma Jet
Authors: Vogelsang Andreas , Ohl Andreas , Foest Rüdiger , Schröder Karsten , Weltmann Klaus‐Dieter 
Published: December 2010

AbstractResults are presented for the deposition of amino‐functional thin films by means of an atmospheric pressure microplasma jet operated in a self‐organised discharge regime (“locked mode”). A comparative study is carried out for two precursors (cyclopropylamine and ethylenediamine) and for two surrounding atmospheres, one consisting of N2 and H2, the other being normal air. The deposition with ethylenediamine at air yields [NH2]/[C] ratios of up to 5.5%, as obtained by XPS analysis of the derivatised surfaces. The observed parameter dependencies of deposition rate and [NH2]/[C] ratio are discussed and a first model for the deposition process is proposed, taking into account e.g., the measured chemical composition of the films and substrate heating.
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First evidence of resistive switching in polycrystalline GaV4S8 thin layers
Authors: Souchier Emeline , Cario Laurent , Corraze Benoit , Moreau Philippe , Mazoyer Pascale , Estournès Claude , Retoux Richard , Janod Etienne , Besland Marie‐Paule 
Published: December 2010

AbstractRecently a new type of reversible and non‐volatile resistive switching was discovered in single crystals of Mott insulators AM4X8 (A = Ga, Ge; M = V, Nb, Ta; X = S, Se). Here we report on the first synthesis of thin layers (thicknesses in the 100 to 1000 nm range) of GaV4S8 by RF magnetron sputtering process. Energy dispersive spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction and TEM analyses attest the high quality of polycrystalline GaV4S8 thin layers. Electrical measurements demonstrate that deposited GaV4S8 thin films exhibit a non‐volatile reversible resistive switching at room temperature with writing/erasing times of ∼10 µs and a memory window (Rhigh – Rlow)/ Rlow > 33%. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
ZnO nanorods–polymer hybrid white light emitting diode grown on a disposable paper substrate
Authors: Amin G. , Zaman S. , Zainelabdin A. , Nur O. , Willander M. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe demonstrate intrinsic white light emission from hybrid light emitting diodes fabricated using an inorganic–organic hybrid junction grown at 50 °C on a paper substrate. Cyclotene was first spin coated on the entire substrate to act as a surface barrier layer for water and other nutrient solutions. The active area of the fabricated light emitting diode (LED) consists of zinc oxide nanorods (ZnO NRs) and a poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorene) (PFO) conducting polymer layer. The fabricated LED shows clear rectifying behavior and a broad band electroluminescence (EL) peak covering the whole visible spectrum range from 420 nm to 780 nm. The color rendering index (CRI) was calculated to be 94 and the correlated color temperature (CCT) of the LED was 3660 K. The low process temperature and procedure in this work enables the use of paper substrate for the fabrication of low cost ZnO–polymer white LEDs for applications requiring flexible/disposable electronic devices. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Thin tantalum films on crystalline silicon – a metallic glass
Authors: Stella Kevin , Bürstel Damian , Hasselbrink Eckart , Diesing Detlef 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThin amorphous tantalum films are prepared on Si(111) substrates in a metallic glassy state. The amorphous monoatomic state of the film is characterized by X‐ray diffraction studies. The glassy state leads to a negative temperature coefficient of the resistivity (TCR) for low sample temperatures <200 K which is attributed to incipient localization. Above 200 K a positive TCR is observed as expected for a normal Boltzmann transport regime. Upon heating the Si substrate to 1200 K TaSi2 is formed out of the amorphous tantalum film and the silicon substrate. The TaSi2 layer is crystalline as evident from X‐ray diffraction data.magnified imageSchematic drawing of the evaporation setup on either glass or silicon samples. Scheme of annealing effects.(© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Reliability‐based design optimization of computation‐intensive models making use of response surface models
Authors: Steenackers G. , Versluys R. , Runacres M. , Guillaume P. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractDesign optimization can be very time‐consuming depending on the complexity of the model to be optimized. This manuscript describes the development of an adaptive response surface method for reliability‐based design optimization of computation‐intensive models, capable of reducing optimization times significantly. The method applied in this paper makes use of adaptive response surfaces for the elements of the considered objective function and probabilistic constraints. Because the optimization takes place on the response surface and not on the complex model itself, the number of function evaluations is reduced significantly. Higher order response models are used in combination with the adaptive approach. Additionally, the order of the interpolating functions can increase during successive iteration steps before the optimized design parameter values are achieved. The response model to be optimized is not built from a pre‐defined number of design experiments, as is done usually, but is adapted and refined during the optimization routine. The proposed optimization technique is evaluated on a finite element reliability‐based design optimization with multiple parameters. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fuzzy conceptual clustering
Authors: Perner Petra , Attig Anja 
Published: December 2010

AbstractGrouping unknown data into groups of similar data is a necessary first step for classification, indexing of databases, and prediction. Most of the current applications, such as news classification, blog indexing, image classification, and medical diagnosis, obtain their data in temporal sequence or online. The necessity for data exploration requires a graphical method that allows the expert in the field to study the determined groups of data. Therefore, incremental hierarchical clustering methods that can create explicit cluster descriptions are convenient. The noisy and uncertain nature of the data makes it necessary to develop fuzzy clustering methods. We propose a novel fuzzy conceptual clustering algorithm. We describe the fuzzy objective function for incremental building of the clusters and the relation among the clusters in a hierarchy. The operations that can incrementally reoptimize the fuzzy‐based hierarchy based on the newly arrived data are explained. Finally, we evaluate our method and present the results. The evaluation of the discovered concepts based on a decision tree classifier shows that the accuracy of the decision tree is very good for the fuzzy conceptual clustering algorithm compared with fuzzy c‐means and the accuracy comes close to the expert's accuracy. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Semiconductor cadmium sulphide nanoparticles as matrices for peptides and as co‐matrices for the analysis of large proteins in matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization reflectron and linear time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Kailasa Suresh Kumar , Wu Hui‐Fen 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe use of semiconductor cadmium sulphide nanoparticles (CdS NPs) capped with 4‐aminothiophenol (ATP) and 11‐mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) is described for the first time as matrices and as co‐matrices for the analysis of peptides and proteins in matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF‐MS). UV‐visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were applied for the characterization of functionalized CdS NPs. The synthesized CdS‐ATP and CdS‐MUA NPs exhibit uniform size distribution with diameter of 15–25 nm and 20–30 nm, respectively. The ‐NH2 (ATP) and COOH (MUA) groups modified on the surfaces of CdS NPs provide ionizable moieties for efficient transfer of protons during the desorption/ionization of analytes. The functionalized CdS NPs have desirable properties for the analysis of peptides in reflectron MALDI‐TOF‐MS with suppressed background noise and increased mass resolution (4–13‐fold) in linear MALDI‐TOF‐MS. The application of CdS‐MUA NPs and SA as the co‐matrices in MALDI‐MS is demonstrated for the analysis of hydrophobic proteins from soybean. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Single drop microextraction coupled with matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry for rapid and direct analysis of hydrophobic peptides from biological samples in high salt solution
Authors: Wu Hui‐Fen , Kailasa Suresh Kumar , Lin Chi‐Hsien 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSingle drop microextraction (SDME) coupled with matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI‐MS) has been applied for direct analysis of hydrophobic peptides (valinomycin and gramicidin D) from biological samples (urine and plasma) in high salt solution. The optimal conditions such as selection of extraction solvent, stirring rate, extraction time, effect of salt concentration and matrix‐to‐analyte ratio were investigated. The limits of detection (LODs) were found to be 73 nM to 170 nM for valinomycin and 96 nM to 5.5 µM for gramicidin D in high salt solution (1.7 M of NaCl) in MALDI‐MS. The current approach can enhance the LODs by 11–320‐fold for gramicidin D analysis in water, urine and plasma in high salt solution. Furthermore, the current approach has been successfully demonstrated for real‐world sample analysis (β‐carotene from carrots) by MALDI‐MS. The current approach is a rapid, simple and efficient clean‐up platform for direct analysis of hydrophobic molecules in biological samples from high salt solution. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A counter‐intuitive approach to calculating non‐exchangeable 2H isotopic composition of hair: treating the molar exchange fraction fE as a process‐related rather than compound‐specific variable
Authors: Landwehr Jurate M. , Meier‐Augenstein Wolfram , Kemp Helen F. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractHair is a keratinous tissue that incorporates hydrogen from material that an animal consumes but it is metabolically inert following synthesis. The stable hydrogen isotope composition of hair has been used in ecological studies to track migrations of mammals as well as for forensic and archaeological purposes to determine the provenance of human remains or the recent geographic life trajectory of living people. Measurement of the total hydrogen isotopic composition of a hair sample yields a composite value comprised of both metabolically informative, non‐exchangeable hydrogen and exchangeable hydrogen, with the latter reflecting ambient or sample preparation conditions. Neither of these attributes is directly measurable, and the non‐exchangeable hydrogen composition is obtained by estimation using a commonly applied mathematical expression incorporating sample measurements obtained from two distinct equilibration procedures. This commonly used approach treats the fraction of exchangeable hydrogen as a mixing ratio, with a minimal procedural fractionation factor assumed to be close or equal to 1. Instead, we propose to use full molar ratios to derive an expression for the non‐exchangeable hydrogen composition explicitly as a function of both the procedural fractionation factor α and the molar hydrogen exchange fraction fE. We apply these derivations in a longitudinal study of a hair sample and demonstrate that the molar hydrogen exchange fraction fE should, like the procedural fractionation factor α, be treated as a process‐dependent parameter, i.e. a reaction‐specific constant. This is a counter‐intuitive notion given that maximum theoretical values for the molar hydrogen exchange fraction fE can be calculated that are arguably protein‐type specific and, as such, fE could be regarded as a compound‐specific constant. We also make some additional suggestions for future approaches to determine the non‐exchangeable hydrogen composition of hair and the use of standards. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Building an empirical mass spectra library for screening of organic pollutants by ultra‐high‐pressure liquid chromatography/hybrid quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Díaz Ramón , Ibáñez María , Sancho Juan V. , Hernández Félix 
Published: December 2010

AbstractHybrid quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (QTOF MS) has gained wide acceptance in many fields of chemistry, for example, proteomics, metabolomics and small molecule analysis. This has been due to the numerous technological advances made to this mass analyser in recent years. In the environmental field, the instrument has proven to be one of the most powerful approaches for the screening of organic pollutants in different matrices due to its high sensitivity in full acquisition mode and mass accuracy measurements. In the work presented here, the optimum experimental conditions for the creation of an empirical TOF MS spectra library have been evaluated. For this model we have used a QTOF Premier mass spectrometer and investigated its functionalities to obtain the best MS data, mainly in terms of mass accuracy, dynamic range and sensitivity. Different parameters that can affect mass accuracy, such as lock mass, ion abundance, spectral resolution, instrument calibration or matrix effect, have also been carefully evaluated using test compounds (mainly pesticides and antibiotics). The role of ultra‐high‐pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC), especially when dealing with complex matrices, has also been tested. In addition to the mass accuracy measurements, this analyser allows the simultaneous acquisition of low and high collision energy spectra. This acquisition mode greatly enhances the reliable identification of detected compounds due to the useful (de)protonated molecule and fragment ion accurate mass information obtained when working in this mode. An in‐house empirical spectral library was built for approximately 230 organic pollutants making use of QTOF MS in MSE mode. All the information reported in this paper is made available to the readers to facilitate screening and identification of relevant organic pollutants by QTOF MS. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of the isomeric α‐amino acyl adenylates and amino acid phosphoramidates of adenosine by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Gao Xiang , Zeng Zhiping , Xu Pengxiang , Tang Guo , Liu Yan , Zhao Yufen 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe isomeric α‐amino acyl adenylates and amino acid phosphoramidates of adenosine were synthesized and analyzed in detail by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI‐MSn). In ESI‐MS/MS of α‐amino acyl adenylates, the novel rearrangement ion [cAMP–H]– observed as the most intense signal was formed through the pentacoordinate phosphorus intermediate with a six‐membered ring by nucleophilic attack of the 3'‐hydroxyl group on the phosphorus atom. In contrast, for the amino acid phosphoramidate of adenosine, the phosphorus atom could be attacked not only by the carboxylic group to form the cyclic aminoacyl phosphoramidates (CAPAs), but also by the nitrogen atom on the nucleobase leading to intramolecular phosphoryl group migration. It was found that the sodium ion having multidentate binding ability played an essential role in this characteristic rearrangement. The proposed mechanisms were supported by the MS/MS study, deuterium‐labeled experiments, high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry and moderate calculations at the B3LYP/6‐31G* level. The characteristic fragmentation patterns of α‐amino acyl phosphates and amino acid phosphoramidates allows identification of stereoisomers when either the phosphorylation is at the N‐terminus or C‐terminus of amino acids. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Properties of mouse vomeronasal receptor and assessment of its role in pheromone signalling
Authors: Kannan Soundarapandian , Mareeswaran Pandi , Krishnan Muthukalingan , Achiraman Shanmugam , Spencer Neil , Nytingel Balakrishnan F. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractVomeronasal type 2 receptor (V2Rx) from Swiss mouse (Mus musculus (L.)) was analyzed by high‐resolution ion‐exchange chromatography, reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC), matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF‐MS), Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR‐MS), Ion Spray tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) and 1‐aminoanthracene (1‐AMA) fluorometric assay. Vomeronasal sensory neuronal cell bound proteins were resolved into major protein peaks. Several proteins were identified and subsequently purified as the V2Rx receptor on 10% SDS‐PAGE with trace amounts of other protein bands. The molecular weight of the identified V2Rx was 109 kDa. MALDI‐TOF and micro‐sequencing experiments demonstrated that the identified V2Rx receptor shared considerable sequence similarity with vomeronasal receptor type 2 (NCBI Accession Number AB267725), which is a seven transmembrane peptide with 912 amino acid residues. The molecular characterization revealed that the N‐terminus of the V2Rx receptor contained the 11GAEAAE16 domain involved in pheromone signalling. The biometric assay (octanamine‐V2Rx binding) showed the identified V2Rx receptor and mouse sex pheromone to 2‐octanamine (methyl heptyl) in a 1:1 ratio. Uptake of odourants determined in physiological condition showed enhanced V2Rx receptors as volatile hydrophobic pheromone receptors in the vomeronasal neuron of the Swiss mouse. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry analysis of long‐chain oxidation products of cardiolipin induced by the hydroxyl radical
Authors: Maciel Elisabete , Domingues Pedro , Domingues M. Rosário M. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe anionic phospholipid cardiolipin (CL) is found almost exclusively in the inner membrane of mitochondria, playing an important role in energy metabolism. Oxidation of CL has been associated with apoptotic events and various pathologies. In this study, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry coupled with liquid chromatography (LC/ESI‐MS) was used to identify tetralinoleoyl‐cardiolipin (TLCL) modifications induced by the OH. radical generated under Fenton reaction conditions (H2O2 and Fe2+). The identified oxidation products of TLCL contained 2, 4, 6 and 8 additional oxygen atoms. These long‐chain oxidation products were characterized by LC/ESI‐MS/MS as doubly [M–2H]2− and singly charged [M–H]− ions. A detailed analysis of the fragmentation pathways of these precursor ions allowed the identification of hydroperoxy derivatives of CL. MS/MS analysis indicated that CL oxidation products with 4, 6 and 8 oxygen atoms have one fatty acyl chain bearing 4 oxygen atoms ([RCOO+4O]−). Even when the TLCL molecule was oxidized by the addition of eight oxygen atoms, one of the acyl chains remained non‐modified and one fatty acyl chain contained three or four oxygen atoms. This led us to conclude that under oxidative conditions by the OH. radical, the distribution of oxygens/peroxy groups in the CL molecule is not random, even when CL has the same fatty acyl chains in all the positions. Using mass spectrometry, the oxidation products have been unequivocally assigned, which may be useful for their detection in biological samples Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strategy for identification and detection of multiple oxidative modifications within proteins applied on persulfate‐oxidized hemoglobin and human serum albumin
Authors: Mörtstedt Harriet , Jeppsson Marina C. , Ferrari Giovanni , Jönsson Bo A.G. , Kåredal Monica H. , Lindh Christian H. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractOxidative stress has been suggested as an underlying mechanism of many human diseases. However, definitive evidence for this association has not been presented due to different shortcomings of the methods used to measure biomarkers of oxidative stress. Persulfates are oxidizing agents known to elicit hypersensitive reactions from the airways and skin. Despite a frequent use of persulfates at many work places, no biomarkers for persulfate exposure are available. The aim of this study was to develop a strategy for the identification and detection of multiple oxidative modifications within proteins. This strategy was applied on persulfate‐oxidized proteins to identify oxidized peptides suitable for further investigation as biomarkers of persulfate exposure or oxidative stress. A strategy for the identification and the relative quantification of multiple oxidative modifications within proteins was developed. The usage of two software packages facilitated the search for modified peptides to a great extent. Oxidized peptides were relatively quantified using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry in selected reaction monitoring mode. The result showed that persulfates oxidize tryptophans and methionines resulting in mass shifts of 16 and/or 32 Da. Also, oxidized albumin peptides in nasal lavage fluid samples from subjects challenged with persulfate were detected. The oxidation degree before and after challenge remained constant for peptides containing methionine sulfoxide. For peptides containing oxidized tryptophan the oxidation degree increased after exposure. Some of these oxidized peptides may be suitable as biomarkers; however, further evaluation is required. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.