bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surveillance of Adenovirus D in patients with epidemic keratoconjunctivitis from Fukui Prefecture, Japan, 1995–2010
Authors: Nakamura Masako , Hirano Eiko , Kowada Kazuaki , Ishiguro Fubito , Yamagishi Zenya , Adhikary Arun Kumar , Hanaoka Nozomu , Okabe Nobuhiko , Taniguchi Kiyosu , Fujimoto Tsuguto 
Published: November 2011

AbstractHuman adenoviruses species D (HAdV‐D) are known to cause severe epidemic keratoconjunctivitis. However, the isolation rate of HAdV‐D is not high, because HAdV‐D is usually slow to propagate. Although new types of HAdV‐D have been reported, accurate surveillance has not been performed because of difficulties in culturing the viruses and lack of a practical identification method. In this study, HAdV‐Ds were detected and identified from patients with epidemic keratoconjunctivitis in the Fukui Prefecture during 1995–2010 by PCR, loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) of DNA, and conventional virus isolation and neutralization tests. All samples were subjected to culture and PCR and LAMP. A total of 124 strains of HAdV‐D were detected from 157 patients with epidemic keratoconjunctivitis. The strains consisted of the following types: D8 (n = 8), D19 (n = 4), D37 (n = 40), D53 (n = 5), D54 (n = 66), and D56 (n = 1). Among these, D53, D54, and D56 are new types that have been reported recently. The results of this study demonstrated that new types of HAdV‐D caused epidemic keratoconjunctivitis during 1995–2010, and included an outbreak of keratoconjunctivitis caused by HAdV‐D54. The LAMP method was able to detect and identify HAdV‐D53 and HAdV–D54 in 1 hr, and may therefore be applicable for use at the bedside. J. Med. Virol. 84:81–86, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Antibody persistence and immune memory in adults, 15 years after a three‐dose schedule of a combined hepatitis A and B vaccine
Authors: Van Damme P. , Leroux‐Roels G. , Crasta P. , Messier M. , Jacquet J‐M. , Van Herck K. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA combined hepatitis A and B vaccine is available since 1996. Two separate open‐label primary studies evaluated the immunogenicity and safety of this hepatitis A and B vaccine (720 EI.U of HAV and 20 µg of HBsAg) in 306 healthy subjects aged 17–43 years who received three doses of the vaccine following a 0, 1, and 6 months schedule. These subjects were followed up annually for the next 15 years to evaluate long‐term persistence of anti‐HAV and anti‐HBs antibodies. The subjects whose antibody concentrations fell below the cut‐offs between Year 11 and Year 15 (anti‐HAV: <15 mIU/ml; anti‐HBs: <10 mIU/ml) were offered an additional dose of the appropriate monovalent hepatitis A and/or B vaccine. In subjects who received the additional vaccine dose, a blood sample was collected 1 month after vaccination. At the Year 15 time point, all subjects in Study A and Study B were seropositive for anti‐HAV antibodies and 89.3% and 92.9% of subjects in the respective studies had anti‐HBs antibody concentrations ≥10 mIU/ml. Four subjects (two in each study) received an additional dose of monovalent hepatitis B vaccine and mounted anamnestic responses to vaccination. No vaccine‐related serious adverse events were reported. This study confirms the long‐term immunogenicity of the three‐dose regimen of the combined hepatitis A and B vaccine, as eliciting long‐term persistence of antibodies and immune memory against hepatitis A and B for up to at least 15 years after a primary vaccination. J. Med. Virol. 84:11–17, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of exogenous administration of Candida albicans autoregulatory alcohols in a murine model of hematogenously disseminated candidiasis
Authors: Martins Margarida , Lazzell Anna L. , Lopez‐Ribot Jose L. , Henriques Mariana , Oliveira Rosário 
Published: November 2011

AbstractCandida albicans supernatants contain a mixture of autoregulatory alcohols. In vitro, when added individually or in combination, these alcohols inhibit the yeast to filamentous form conversion. Here we evaluate the in vivo effect of the exogenous administration of a Cocktail solution simulating the composition of alcohols present in a C. albicans culture supernatant (1 ml; 94 μmol l–1 isoamyl alcohol, 70 μmol l–1 2‐phenylethanol, 3.2 n mol l–1 E ‐nerolidol, and 18 n mol l–1 E,E ‐farnesol) using the well established murine model of hematogenously disseminated candidiasis. Mice injected intraperitoneally with the Cocktail solution demonstrated increased survival and decreased organ fungal burden compared to control mice. Histological observations suggest that the Cocktail, to some extent, has an inhibitory effect on cell filamentation within the kidney. These findings suggest that the exogenous administration of C. albicans autoregulatory alcohols displays a protective effect during disseminated candidiasis. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Genetic transformation of Colletotrichum truncatum associated with anthracnose disease of chili by random insertional mutagenesis
Authors: Auyong Adelene Shu Mei , Ford Rebecca , Taylor Paul William James 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAn Agrobacterium tumefaciens ‐mediated transformation (ATMT) system was successfully developed for Colletotrichum truncatum, the causal agent of chili anthracnose. A. tumefaciens carrying a hygromycin phosphotransferase gene (hph) and a green fluorescent protein (gfp) gene was used to transform the conidiospores of two C. truncatum pathotypes F8‐3B and BRIP26974. Optimum transformation efficiency was obtained when equal volumes of A. tumefaciens strain AGL1 carrying either pJF1 or pPK2 binary vector was used to transform C. truncatum conidiospores at 106/ml and co‐cultivated at 24 °C for three days. Southern blot analysis indicated that 87.5% of the transformants contained randomly inserted, single copies of the T‐DNA. Infection and colonisation of chili fruit at the mature red stage with F8‐3B‐GFP and BRIP26974‐GFP confirmed the maintenance of virulence within these transformed pathotypes. In situ studies of infection and colonisation of the susceptible genotype fruit using fluorescent microscopy and transformed isolates of C. truncatum expressing GFP revealed that the pathogen was able to colonise healthy fruit tissue intercellularly in an endophytic manner without producing secondary biotrophic infection structures. The developed transformation system will be used to study the function of pathogenicity genes in C. truncatum using both forward and reverse genetics approaches. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Purification and characterization of a xylanase from Bacillus subtilis isolated from the degumming line
Authors: Guo Gang , Liu Zhengchu , Xu Junfei , Liu Jianping , Dai Xiaoyang , Xie Daping , Peng Keqing , Feng Xiangyuan , Duan Shengwen , Zheng Ke , Cheng Lifeng , Fu Yueguan 
Published: November 2011

AbstractXylanases catalyze the hydrolysis of xylan, a major hemicellulose component of cell wall besides cellulose in most plant species. To extract cellulose fibers, it will be invaluable to screen for more effective xylanase‐producing microorganisms. In this paper a new strategy for easy screening of xylanase‐producing strains from the degumming line was presented. Using this strategy, a weak‐acidic, cellulase‐free xylanase from Bacillus subtilis has been isolated, purified and characterized. The xylanase showed high specific activity (36,633.4 U/mg), presented stable characteristics and can be separated and purified simply, with molecular weight 23.3 kD, pI 9.63. It reached its optimal activity at pH 5.8 and 60 °C, and retained over 80% of its maximal activity after pre‐incubation at temperature 60 °C or pH 4.6 ∼ 6.4. Also, a two‐step purification procedure based on the combination of ultrafiltration and gel filtration chromatography was introduced and described, achieving 17‐fold purification with 68.11% yield. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Identification of the a kinase anchor protein 12 (AKAP12) gene as a candidate tumor suppressor of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Hayashi M , Nomoto S , Kanda M , Okamura Y , Nishikawa Y , Yamada S , Fujii T , Sugimoto H , Takeda S , Kodera Y 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major health problem, and identification of new tumor‐related genes is an urgent task.MethodsTo detect tumor‐related genes effectively, we performed double‐combination array analysis, which consisted of an expression array and a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array of a single surgical HCC specimen.ResultsExpression array analysis identified AKAP12 as one of the genes with reduced expression in HCC tissues when compared with non‐cancerous adjacent hepatic tissues. In addition, AKAP12 expression levels in tumor tissues from 48 HCC samples were significantly lower (P < 0.001) than those in normal tissues, and the downregulation was significantly correlated with poor overall survival rate (P = 0.003). However, SNP array analysis revealed that locus 6q24‐q25 where AKAP12 was located did not show chromosomal deletion. In contrast, hypermethylation in the AKAP12 promoter regions was observed in 41 of 48 HCC samples. We then confirmed that AKAP12 gene re‐expression occurs after 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine (5‐aza‐dC) treatment through direct sequence analysis of the AKAP12 promoter region in HCC cell lines.ConclusionsThe current data suggest that AKAP12 is downregulated in cancer tissues through promoter hypermethylation, and may have a role as a candidate tumor suppressor gene for HCC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012;105:381–386. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Determination of ethylene glycol dinitrate in dynamites using HPLC: Application to the plastic explosive Goma‐2 ECO
Authors: Sáiz Jorge , Bravo Juan Carlos , Ávila Esperanza Velasco , Torre Mercedes , García‐Ruiz Carmen 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn this study, a sequential extraction method using water and methanol to recover ethylene glycol dinitrate or nitroglycol (EGDN) contained in Goma‐2 ECO dynamite was developed. After, an HPLC method was used for the determination of EGDN in the two extracted phases. The analytical method was validated by evaluating its selectivity, sensitivity, linearity, and linear working concentration range, limit of detection and quantitation, precision (as repeatability and intermediate precision), accuracy, and robustness, providing appropriate values (i.e. RSD values for precision about 6% and accuracy about 100%). Finally, the EGDN content of a sample of the Goma‐2‐ECO dynamite was determined obtaining a concentration of 30.29%, which is in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications for this dynamite (25.7–31.4%).
Preparation, characterization and application of a new stir bar sorptive extraction based on poly(vinylphthalimide‐co‐N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide) monolith
Authors: Huang Xiaojia , Chen Linli , Yuan Dongxing , Luo Xianbin 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn this study, a new stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) coating based on poly(vinylphthalimide‐co‐N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide) monolith (SBSE‐VPMB) was prepared. The influences of the contents of monomer in polymerization mixture and the percentage of porogen solvent on the extraction performance were investigated thoroughly. Several characteristic techniques, such as elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy, mercury intrusion porosimetry and infrared spectroscopy, were used to characterize the monolithic material. The analysis of oxfendazole (OFZ) and mebendazole (MBZ) in milk and honey samples by the combination of SBSE with HPLC with diode array detection was selected as paradigms for the practical evaluation of the new coating. Under the optimized extraction conditions, the limits of detection (S/N=3) for OFZ and MBZ were 0.23–0.60 μg/L in milk and 0.24–1.08 μg/L in honey, respectively. The method also showed good linearity, repeatability, high feasibility and acceptable recoveries for real samples. At the same time, the extraction performance and the distribution coefficients (KVPMB/W) of OFZ and MBZ on SBSE‐VPMB were compared with other SBSEs based on porous monoliths and commercial SBSE.
Photocatalytic Activity of Epoxy/CNT Nanocomposite Films
Authors: Sangermano Marco , Pinneri Stefano , Calza Paola , Paganini Cristina 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe efficiency of epoxy/CNT nanocomposites as photocatalyst on adsorbed, aqueous and gas phases is investigated. Epoxy films containing SWNTs in the range between 0.1 and 0.3 wt% are prepared by means of UV‐induced polymerization and the achieved materials are used as photocatalysts on adsorbed, aqueous, and gas phases. The activity of this new photocatalytic materials is evaluated in the adsorbed state by using the methylene blue target molecule, in the aqueous phase by following the photodegradation of phenol and 3,5‐dichlorophenol, and in the gas phase using nitrogen monoxide as probe molecule. It is demonstrated that the catalyst is suitable for both oxidative and reductive degradation reactions.magnified image
Composites of Ultrahigh‐Molecular‐Weight Polyethylene with Graphene Sheets and/or MWCNTs with Segregated Network Structure: Preparation and Properties
Authors: Ren Peng‐Gang , Di Ying‐Ying , Zhang Qian , Li Lan , Pang Huan , Li Zhong‐Ming 
Published: November 2011

AbstractUHMWPE/MWCNT and UHMWPE/GNS composites with a segregated network are prepared. TEM and SEM images indicate that the conducting fillers are distributed on the UHMWPE surface and form a segregated conducting network. The percolation threshold of UHMWPE/GNS composites is ≈0.25 wt% and that of UHMWPE/MWCNT composites is 0.20 wt%. The electrical conductivity of UHMWPE/GNS composites is almost four orders of magnitude lower than that of the UHMWPE/MWCNT composites. For equivalent concentrations of GNS and MWCNT, the composites with hybrid fillers exhibit a lower percolation threshold and a higher conductivity than that with GNS or MWCNT alone. Due to the high strength of the fillers and the segregated network structure, the mechanical properties of the composites first increase and then decrease with increasing filler content.magnified image
Characterization of Imprinted Microbeads Synthesized via Minisuspension Polymerization
Authors: Torres Juan J. , Montejano Hernán A. , Chesta Carlos A. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe properties of MIPs synthesized by minisuspension polymerization are studied. The template is cyclododecyl 2,4‐dihydroxybenzoate (1), which behaves as good mimic of the estrogenic mycotoxin zearalenone. 2‐DAEM and EGDMA are used as functional and crosslinker monomers, respectively. The synthesized particles are characterized by optical and electronic microscopy, N2 sorption measurements, and FT‐IR spectroscopy. The molecular recognition capability of MIPs is evaluated by comparing the adsorption Freundlich isotherms of MIPs to those of the corresponding non‐imprinted polymers. It is concluded that MSP is an attractive alternative for molecular imprinting because it is easy to apply and produces high yield of spherical particles of “tunable” size with acceptable molecular recognition capabilities.magnified image
Modification of Rheological Properties Under Elongational Flow by Addition of Polymeric Fine Fibers
Authors: Yamaguchi Masayuki , Fukuda Keiko , Yokohara Tadashi , Ali Mohd Amran Bin Md , Nobukawa Shogo 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA new technique to provide melt elasticity using flexible fine fibers prepared from a polymer with high melting point is demonstrated. A polymer composite of poly(propylene) with a small amount of fine fibers of poly(butylene terephthalate) shows marked strain‐hardening behavior in elongational viscosity, i.e., a rapid increase in the transient elongational viscosity with time or strain. The blend also shows prominent normal stress difference at steady shear. These elastic properties have not been observed for polymer composites with rigid fibers and can be applicable to the modification of rheological properties and thus the improvement of processability.magnified image
Clarifying distal axonal properties of the median nerve
Authors: Moore Dominic , Menon Parvathi , Vucic Steve 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIntroduction: Although length‐dependent axonal excitability changes have been reported in the median nerve, the mechanisms underlying these changes remain to be further clarified. Methods: Axonal excitability studies were performed on median nerve at the palm and wrist in 20 healthy controls, with responses recorded over the abductor pollicis brevis. Results: The strength–duration time constant was significantly shorter (palm: 0.35 ± 0.01 ms; wrist: 0.48 ± 0.03 ms; P < 0.001), whereas rheobase was significantly increased (palm: 2.90 ± 1.12 mA; wrist: 2.09 ± 1.11 mA; P < 0.05) at the palm. In addition, there was a significant increase in depolarizing threshold electrotonus at 90–100 ms (P < 0.001) and a reduction in S2 accommodation (P < 0.001) and late subexcitability (P < 0.001) at the palm. The changes in excitability were independent of factors influencing median nerve cross‐sectional area. Conclusions: The present study reveals significant length dependent changes in median nerve excitability which may reflect differences in intrinsic membrane properties. Muscle Nerve, 2012
Application of futility analysis to refine jitter recordings in myasthenia gravis
Authors: Narayanaswami Pushpa , Pantoja‐Galicia Norberto , Betensky Rebecca A. , Rutkove Seward B. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIntroduction: The current practice of single‐fiber electromyography (SFEMG) requires that 20 fiber pairs with normal jitter be collected to exclude myasthenia gravis (MG). We applied principles of futility analysis from clinical trials in an attempt to reduce that requirement. Methods: We utilized conditional power futility analysis to assess the probability of an abnormal 20‐pair SFEMG based on ongoing analysis of jitter as each pair is collected. Rules for early test termination in the presence of 0, 1, or 2 abnormal pairs were identified. These rules were then applied to previously collected SFEMG data. Results: SFEMG could be stopped at just 12 pairs if all are normal and at 17 pairs if 1 is abnormal. The rules successfully determined when SFEMG could be stopped in 104 of 106 (98%) studies originally reported to be normal. Conclusions: If the first 12 SFEMG pairs have normal jitter, the study can be terminated and interpreted as normal. Muscle Nerve, 2012
Oxidative capacity and fatigability in run‐trained malignant hyperthermia–susceptible mice
Authors: Rouviere Clement , Corona Benjamin T. , Ingalls Christopher P. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIntroduction: The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that malignant hyperthermia model mice (RyR1Y522S/wt) are more vulnerable to exercise‐induced muscle injury and fatigability and adapt less to run training. Methods: After 6 weeks of voluntary wheel running, we measured anterior crural muscle fatigability, muscle injury, and cytochrome oxidase (COX) and citrate synthase (CS). Results: Although RyR1Y522S/wt mice ran without undergoing MH episodes, they ran 42% less distance than wild‐type (WT) mice. Muscles from WT mice exhibited increased fatigue resistance and COX content after training. Muscles from RyR1Y522S/wt mice demonstrated no significant change in fatigability or COX and CS after training. However, muscles from RyR1Y522S/wt mice displayed less intrinsic fatigability and greater COX/CS content and muscle damage than WT mice. Conclusions: RyR1Y522S/wt mice can run without having rhabdomyolysis, and their inability to adapt to training appears to stem from intrinsic enhancement of mitochondrial enzymes and fatigue resistance. Muscle Nerve, 2012
Stroboskopische Spielereien
Authors: Ucke Christian , Schlichting Hans Joachim 
Published: November 2011

AbstractDer Stroboskopeffekt ist vielen Menschen aus Discos bekannt. Das Spielzeug Strobotop nutzt diesen Effekt spielerisch aus und stellt auf vorgedruckten Scheiben unterhaltsame Bildfolgen dar. Selbst erstellte Bildphasen sind ebenfalls möglich. Vorläufer des Strobotops mit den Namen Phenakistiskop und Zoetrop finden sich bereits im 19. Jahrhundert.
Licht macht Druck
Authors: Kiesel Nikolai , Wieczorek Witlef , Gröblacher Simon , Aspelmeyer Markus 
Published: November 2011

AbstractDie Verbindung von Quantenoptik mit Mikro‐ und Nanomechanik in der Quanten‐Optomechanik ermöglicht es, die mechanischen Eigenschaften von massiven mechanischen Oszillatoren zu kontrollieren. Schon heute kann die Bewegung mechanischer Objekte von einigen Mikrometern Größe per Laserkühlung bis ins Quantenregime eingefroren werden. Das eröffnet völlig neue Perspektiven sowohl für makroskopische Quantenexperimente, die unser Weltbild grundlegend in Frage stellen, als auch für neue Quanteninformationstechnologien. Aktuelle Experimente versuchen bereits in ein Regime vorzudringen, in dem die mechanische Bewegung von massiven Objekten aufgrund von Quantensuperposition oder Verschränkung nicht mehr klassisch verstanden werden kann.
Ketchup‐Effekt beim Schlangengift
Authors: van Hemmen J. Leo 
Published: November 2011

AbstractGift spielt während der Beutejagd sowohl bei der Mehrzahl der Schlangen wie auch bei giftigen Reptilien eine wichtige Rolle. Es wird über gefurchte, statt hohle Zähne appliziert. Mit Hilfe experimenteller Bestimmung der Fließeigenschaften, mathematischer Modellierung sowie Computersimulationen ist es unserer Gruppe an der TU München gelungen, ein konsistentes Bild zu entwerfen, das auf Viskosität und Oberflächenspannung des Giftes beruht. Dieses Bild erklärt auf natürliche Weise das subtile Spiel, bei dem das Gift einerseits sehr zäh in der Rille und andererseits sehr geschmeidig in der aus Furche und Gewebe bestehenden Giftröhre fließt.
How noise in force fields can affect the structural refinement of protein models?
Authors: Gniewek Pawel , Kolinski Andrzej , Jernigan Robert L , Kloczkowski Andrzej 
Published: November 2011

AbstractStructural refinement of predicted models of biological macromolecules using atomistic or coarse‐grained molecular force fields having various degree of error is investigated. The goal of this analysis is to estimate what is the probability for designing an effective structural refinement based on computations of conformational energies using force field, and starting from a structure predicted from the sequence (using template‐based or template‐free modeling), and refining it to bring the structure into closer proximity to the native state. It is widely believed that it should be possible to develop such a successful structure refinement algorithm by applying an iterative procedure with stochastic sampling and appropriate energy function, which assesses the quality (correctness) of protein decoys. Here, an analysis of noise in an artificially introduced scoring function is investigated for a model of an ideal sampling scheme, where the underlying distribution of RMSDs is assumed to be Gaussian. Sampling of the conformational space is performed by random generation of RMSD values. We demonstrate that whenever the random noise in a force field exceeds some level, it is impossible to obtain reliable structural refinement. The magnitude of the noise, above which a structural refinement, on average is impossible, depends strongly on the quality of sampling scheme and a size of the protein. Finally, possible strategies to overcome the intrinsic limitations in the force fields for impacting the development of successful refinement algorithms are discussed. Proteins 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.