bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vibratory Communication in the Jumping Spider Phidippus clarus: Substrate‐borne Courtship Signals are Important for Male Mating Success
Authors: Elias Damian O. , Sivalinghem Senthurran , Mason Andrew C. , Andrade Maydianne C. B. , Kasumovic Michael M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractRecently, work has shown that multimodal communication is common throughout the animal kingdom but the function of multimodal signals is still poorly understood. Phidippus clarus are jumping spiders in which males produce multimodal (visual and vibrational) signals in both male–male (aggressive) and male–female (courtship) contexts. The P. clarus mating system is complex, with sex ratios and the level of male competition changing over the course of the breeding season. Vibrational signal components have been shown to function in male aggressive contests but their role in courtship has not been investigated. Here, we performed an experiment to test the role of vibrational signaling in courtship by observing mating success for males that were experimentally muted. We show that vibratory courtship signals, and in particular signaling rate, is an important component of mating success and potentially a target of female choice. While the ability to produce vibratory signals significantly increased mating success, some muted males were still able to successfully mate. In these trials, signaling rate also predicted mating success suggesting that redundant signal components may compensate for errors and perturbations in signal transmission or that vibratory signals function to enhance the efficacy of visual signals.
Experimental Evidence that Sexual Displays are Costly for Nest Survival
Authors: Dias Raphael I. , Castilho Leonardo , Macedo Regina H. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractNest predation is one of the most significant limitations for successful breeding of tropical passerines. Thus, parental strategies may include choosing appropriate nest sites and behaving in ways that minimize predation. Habitat characteristics that may influence nest success include degree of nest concealment, proximity to habitat edge, plant architecture as well as several others cited in the literature. However, few studies have examined display behavior as a factor that could also influence nest survival. We experimentally tested whether sexual motor displays served as a cue for visually oriented predators to locate artificial nests in a population of blue‐black grassquits Volatinia jacarina, a Neotropical passerine that exhibits a complex sexual display and is subjected to elevated rates of nest predation. We also evaluated the effect of nest substrate on survival. Predation rate was higher for nests within territories of displaying males relative to areas without displaying males and for nests placed in shrubs relative to grasses. Predation increased sharply in the third experimental replicate, at the end of the breeding season, which suggests that predators may develop a search image for nests or may become more abundant during specific periods of the season. Avian predators appear to be the most important nest predators. Results suggest that there may be a trade‐off between the increase in fitness derived from sexual displays of males to attract potential mates and the decrease owing to predation of active nests within their territories.
Translation, cultural adaptation assessment, and both validity and reliability testing of the Kidney Disease Quality of Life – Short Form version 1.3 for use with Iranian patients
Authors: PAKPOUR AMIR H , YEKANINEJAD MIRSAEED , MOLSTED STIG , HARRISON ADRIAN P , HASHEMI FARIBA , SAFFARI MOHSEN 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTAim:  The aims of the study were to translate the Kidney Disease Quality of Life – Short Form version 1.3 (KDQOL‐SF ver. 1.3) questionnaire into Iranian (Farsi), and to then assess it in terms of validity and reliability on Iranian patients.Methods:  The questionnaire was first translated into Farsi by two independent translators, and then subsequently translated back into English. After translation disparities had been reconciled, the final Iranian questionnaire was tested. An initial test–retest reliability evaluation was performed over a 10 day period on a sample of 20 patients recruited from a larger group (212 patients with end‐stage renal disease on haemodialysis). Afterwards, reliability was estimated by internal consistency, and validity was assessed using known group comparisons and constructs for the patient group as a whole. Finally, the factor structure of the questionnaire was extracted by performing exploratory factor analysis.Results:  All of the scales in the questionnaire showed good test–retest reliability (i.e. intraclass correlations between test and retest scores were >0.7). All of the scales met the minimal criteria (0.7) for internal consistency and Cronbach's‐α ranged 0.71–0.93. Furthermore, results from a discriminate validity evaluation showed that the questionnaire could be used to discriminate between subgroups of the patients. Finally, a principal component analysis of the disease‐specific scales indicated that this part of the questionnaire could be summarized into an 11 factor structure that jointly accounted for 79.81% of the variance.Conclusion:  The Iranian version of the KDQOL‐SF questionnaire is both highly reliable and valid for use with Iranian patients on haemodialysis.
RIFLE and Acute Kidney Injury Network classifications predict mortality in leptospirosis‐associated acute kidney injury
Authors: SILVA JÚNIOR GERALDO B , ABREU KRASNALHIA LÍVIA S , MOTA ROSA MS , BARRETO ADLER GC , ARAÚJO SÔNIA MHA , ROCHA HERMANO AL , LIBÓRIO ALEXANDRE B , DAHER ELIZABETH F 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTAim:  Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in leptospirosis. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between RIFLE and AKIN classifications with mortality in leptospirosis‐associated AKI.Methods:  A retrospective study was conducted in patients with leptospirosis admitted to tertiary hospitals in Brazil. The association between RIFLE and AKIN classifications with mortality was investigated. Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed to investigate risk factors for death.Results:  A total of 287 patients were included, with an average age of 37 ± 16 years, and 80.8% were male. Overall mortality was 13%. There was a significant association between these classifications and death. Among non‐survivors, 86% were in the class ‘failure’ and AKIN 3. Increased mortality was observed according to the worse classifications: ‘risk’ (R; 2%), ‘injury’ (I; 8%) and ‘failure’ (F; 23%), as well as in AKIN 1 (2%), AKIN 2 (8%) and AKIN 3 (23%) (P < 0.0001). The worst classifications were significantly associated with death: RIFLE F (odds ratio = 11.6, P = 0.018) and AKIN 3 (odds ratio = 12.8, P = 0.013). Receiver–operator curve for patients with AKI showed high areas under the curve (0.71, 95% confidence interval = 0.67–0.74) for both RIFLE and AKIN classifications in determining the sensitivity for mortality.Conclusion:  There is a significant association between RIFLE and AKIN classifications with mortality in patients with leptospirosis. Initiation of dialysis in patients with RIFLE F and AKIN 3 should always be considered.
CHEMICAL and MORPHOLOGICAL PATHOLOGY OF MERCURY DEPOSIT FOLLOWING ADMINISTRATION OF A MERCURIAL ONCOSTATIC*
Authors: Mori Wataru , Tsunakawa Shozo , Oota Kunio , Taguchi Hisako 
Published: August 2010

SummaryUsing autopsy cases with definite history of receiving a mercurial oncostatic, Hg‐Hematoporphyrin‐Na, chemical and morphological pathology of mercury deposit in the kidney and liver was studied. It was proved that mercury was deposited for at least 50 to 70 days in those organs and almost diminished in around 200 days. A very small dose did not cause any deposit. The kidney, especially the cortex, contained much more amount of mercury than the liver, and mercury deposit in the other organs was quite slight.Moderate number of cases showed remarkable changes of the kidney and liver histologically, degeneration of the tubular epithelium with occasional calcification in the former and central necrosis in the latter. The renal change was most probably related with the mercurials, but the hepatic damage was difficult to be attributed to the agent at the present stage of our study.Parallelism between the amount of mercury deposit and the grade of histological changes was not always clear, a fact which suggests that the effects of the mercurials varied among different individuals. It is recommended to prescribe strong agents, especially oncostatics, under the repeated control of renal and hepatic function tests.
ANTITUMOR EFFECTS OF POLYSACCHARIDES OF HUMAN‐TYPE MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS ON COLLAGENATION IN HUMAN CANCER XENOGRAFTS
Authors: Kimoto Tetsuo , Watanabe* Satoru 
Published: August 2010

The most important activity of SSM is stimulation of collagenation from cancer‐infiltrated stromal tissue which confines the cancer. In order to elucidate the proliferative responses of collagen in cancer, single and double xeno‐grafts were prepared by transplantation of human gastric cancer (HGC), human lung cancer (HLC), and NB41A3 (mouse neuroblastoma) into nude mice. The collagen responses were dependent on the type of cancer cell used, particularly the cell membranes. SSM distinctly stimulated the proliferation of collagen fibers which showed a response to these cancer cells.When examined by CD, stromal collagenation was found to be dependent upon changes in the molecular structure of the cancer cell membrane. One of the glycoproteins, fibronectin, was presumed to be the most important of the substances involved.
Enteroviraf RNA in endomyocardial biopsy tissues of myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Satoh Mamoru , Tamura Gen , Segawa Ikuo 
Published: August 2010

Enteroviruses are potential etiologic agents of myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). A recently developed molecular approach has offered evidence of viral infection by detecting the virus genome. The nested reverse transcrip‐tase polymerase chain reaction (nRT‐PCR) was used to detect enteroviral RNA in endomyocardial biopsy tissues of myocarditis and DCM. The authors examined 44 tissues obtained from 36 patients with myocarditis, as well as from 10 patients with non‐infectious cardiac diseases as controls.Enteroviral RNA was detected in 12 of 36 patients with myocarditis. The second endomyocardial biopsy was carried out in five of the patients, in whom enteroviral RNA was detected at the first biopsy, at intervals from 3 weeks to 8 years after the first biopsy, and enteroviral RNA was found in four and had disappeared in one. In one of the four positive patients at the second biopsy, a third biopsy was carried out 5 months later (6 months after the first), and the RNA was detected. Active myocarditis became clinically and microscopically mild at the second and third biopsies. In one patient who developed DCM, enteroviral RNA was also detected at a second biopsy performed 8 years after the first. Enteroviral infection is a probable cause of myocarditis and enterovirus‐infected myocarditis may progress to DCM.
Geissleria gereckei sp. nov. (Bacillariophyta) from leaf‐litter covered stones of very shaded carbonate mountain springs with extremely low discharge
Authors: Cantonati Marco , Lange‐Bertalot Horst 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYA new benthic freshwater diatom, Geissleria gereckei sp. nov., was identified from light and scanning electron micrographs. The most characteristic morphological features are the valve outline (elliptical, but with lateral margins that can range from slightly convex to slightly concave and also straight, and protracted, almost capitate ends), the size and length/width ratio, and the pattern of the striae around the central area. The new species was found to be epilithic, and characteristic of leaf‐litter covered stones of very shaded carbonate mountain springs of the Italian Alps with extremely‐low discharge (likely to be affected by seasonal desiccation). Very‐low‐discharge springs host a highly specialized diatom microflora, and are likely to increase in number in the near future due to the reduction of water, which is predicted to be caused by climate change in many regions.
Evaluation of growth and neurodevelopment in children with congenital heart disease
Authors: Polat Selda , Okuyaz Cetin , Hallıoğlu Olgu , Mert Ertan , Makharoblidze Khatuna 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackground:  Children with congenital heart disease are under risk of delayed growth and development. We evaluated physical growth parameters and neurodevelopment in these patients in comparison with normal children and examined the effect of hemodynamic status.Methods:  Patients with congenital heart disease (n= 76) and healthy children (n= 51) aged 1–72 months applied to Mersin University Hospital, Mersin, Turkey were included. Patients with heart failure and those requiring intervention or surgery were classified as hemodynamically impaired (HI group, n= 30), and the others, hemodynamically normal (HN group, n= 46). Growth parameters including weight, height, body mass index (BMI), mid‐arm circumference (MAC), and triceps skin fold thickness (TSF) were measured and standard deviations (SD) were determined. Functional development was assessed by Denver Developmental Screening Test‐II (DDST II).Results:  MAC and BMI values of the group with impaired hemodynamic status were significantly lower than the hemodynamically normal and control groups (MAC P < 0.05 and BMI P < 0.01). In the DDST II, the group with hemodynamic abnormality had more failures in gross motor and fine motor skills than HN group and controls (gross motor P= 0.011, P < 0.001 and fine motor P= 0.028, P= 0.001, respectively) and more failures in language development than the control group (P= 0.001).Conclusion:  The results showed the importance of hemodynamic status in growth and neurodevelopment of children with congenital heart disease. Besides routine growth parameters, more detailed examinations such as BMI, MAC, TSF, and developmental screening tests appear useful in identifying children with cardiac disease who are under risk for delayed growth and development.
Intramuscular midazolam rapidly terminates seizures in children and adults
Authors: McDONAGH THOMAS J , JELINEK GEORGE A , GALVIN G MICHAEL 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTObjective: To study the efficacy of intramuscular midazolam in treating seizures.Design: On arrival, patients with seizures were treated with intramuscular midazolam, a stopwatch was started, and an intravenous line inserted. If the seizure had not stopped within six minutes, standard intravenous anticonvulsants were given. The time to cessation of the seizure was recorded.Setting: Department of Emergency Medicine, Fremantle Hospital, a busy emergency department (50,000 annual attendances, 18% children) in a general community teaching hospital.Main outcome measure: Time to cessation of fitting.Results: Thirty eight patients aged from 15 months to 89 years, were treated with intramuscular midazolam at an average dose of 0.12mg/kg (range 0.07–0.21mg/kg). The seizures terminated in all but two cases in an average time of 1minute 53 seconds overall (range 15 seconds to 6 minutes 7 seconds). In a subgroup of 15 patients with prolonged seizures of 36 minutes duration on average, the seizures ceased in a mean time of 2 minutes 41 seconds, with one failure. The latter time is likely to represent the true response time of seizures to intramuscular midazolam as some of the short‐lived seizures may have ceased spontaneously. All seven children treated with intramuscular midazolam ceased fitting. There were no adverse side effects in any patient.Conclusion: Midazolam given by intramuscular injection was shown to be rapidly effective for the control of generalised convulsive seizures, focal seizures and status epilepticus in adults and in children.This new therapy has exciting applications in the treatment of seizures in children and in the pre‐hospital setting.
Adrenaline activity is not significantly altered by high ambient temperatures.
Authors: Rudland Simon , Annus Tebor 
Published: August 2010

AbstractDrugs used in prehospital care are exposed to extremes of temperature, which exceed the manufacturerer's recommended storage conditions, and may result in degradation of the formulation. Adrenaline, which can be degraded by high temperatures, is a key agent for the effective management of cardiac arrest and acute anaphylaxis in the prehospital setting. We demonstrate that the activity of adrenaline vials carried in St John's ambulances in the Perth metropolitan area during summer months when ambient temperatures can reach 40°C was not significantly altered.
Confocal laser endomicroscopy for the diagnosis of urothelial bladder neoplasia: a technology of the future?
Authors: Wiesner Christoph , Jäger Wolfgang , Salzer Alice , Biesterfeld Stefan , Kiesslich Ralf , Hampel Christian , Thüroff Joachim W. , Goetz Martin 
Published: August 2010

Study Type – Diagnostic (exploratory cohort) Level of Evidence 2b What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? Bladder cancer is initially diagnosed by white light cystoscopy followed by histopathological evaluation after transurethral resection of tissue suspicious for cancer. Difficulties may occur especially in the assessment of flat lesions or in discrimination between CIS and inflammatory disease. Confocal endomicroscopy during diagnostic colonoscopy has been a valuable tool for in vivo microscopic visualization and detection of colonic neoplasias and has contributed to optimized detection rates of up to 99%.We evaluated resected bladder urothelium of 18 patients by confocal endomicroscopy and correlated microscopic findings with standard histopathology. Typical tumour growth patterns such as altered nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio, pseudopapillar tissue stratification and neoangiogenesis were readily visible. As nuclear and subnuclear architecture of healthy bladder tissue could be discriminated against neoplastic tissue, confocal endomicroscopy is a promising novel tool for the in vivo microscopic visualization of bladder cancer.OBJECTIVE

To evaluate bladder urothelium by confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) and correlate microscopic findings with standard histopathology.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Fresh bladder urothelium tissue specimens were topically stained with acriflavine for instantaneous microscopic imaging.
A single‐line laser in a handheld CLE probe delivered an excitation wavelength of 488 nm providing a high resolution of 0.7 µm and an adjustable imaging depth of 0–250 µm.
Resection specimens of 18 patients were investigated with 1000‐fold magnification and ex vivo findings were compared with targeted histopathology (haematoxylin and eosin staining).

RESULTS

Typical tumour growth patterns such as altered nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio, pseudopapillar tissue stratification and neoangiogenesis were readily visible.
Nuclear and subnuclear architecture of healthy bladder tissue could be discriminated against neoplastic tissue.

CONCLUSIONS

In addition to white light cystoscopy, CLE is a promising novel tool for the in vivo microscopic visualization of bladder cancer; first results of the present study show its potential to define microscopic characteristics of bladder cancer tissue.
Further in vivo studies are necessary to determine sensitivity and specificity of the technique.
Continence, potency and oncological outcomes after robotic‐assisted radical prostatectomy: early trifecta results of a high‐volume surgeon
Authors: Patel Vipul R. , Coelho Rafael F. , Chauhan Sanket , Orvieto Marcelo A. , Palmer Kenneth J. , Rocco Bernardo , Sivaraman Ananthakrishnan , Coughlin Geoff 
Published: August 2010

Study Type – Therapy (case series) Level of Evidence 4OBJECTIVE• To evaluate early trifecta outcomes after robotic‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) performed by a high‐volume surgeon.PATIENTS AND METHODS• We evaluated prospectively 1100 consecutive patients who underwent RARP performed by one surgeon. In all, 541 men were considered potent before RARP; of these 404 underwent bilateral full nerve sparing and were included in this analysis.• Baseline and postoperative urinary and sexual functions were assessed using self‐administered validated questionnaires.• Postoperative continence was defined as the use of no pads; potency was defined as the ability to achieve and maintain satisfactory erections for sexual intercourse >50% of times, with or without the use of oral phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors; Biochemical recurrence (BCR) was defined as two consecutive PSA levels of >0.2 ng/mL after RARP.• Results were compared between three age groups: Group 1, ≤55 years, Group 2, 56–65 years and Group 3, >65 years.RESULTS• The trifecta rates at 6 weeks, 3, 6, 12, and 18 months after RARP were 42.8%, 65.3%, 80.3%, 86% and 91%, respectively.• There were no statistically significant differences in the continence and BCR‐free rates between the three age groups at all postoperative intervals analysed.• Nevertheless, younger men had higher potency rates and shorter time to recovery of sexual function when compared with older men at 6 weeks, 3, 6 and 12 months after RARP (P < 0.01 at all time points).• Similarly, younger men had higher trifecta rates at 6 weeks, 3 and 6 months after RARP compared with older men (P < 0.01 at all time points).CONCLUSION• RARP offers excellent short‐term trifecta outcomes when performed by an experienced surgeon.• Younger men had higher overall trifecta rates when compared with older men at 6 weeks, 3 and 6 months after RARP.
High‐cocoa polyphenol‐rich chocolate improves HDL cholesterol in Type 2 diabetes patients
Authors: Mellor D. D. , Sathyapalan T. , Kilpatrick E. S. , Beckett S. , Atkin S. L. 
Published: August 2010

Diabet. Med. 27, 1318–1321 (2010)AbstractAim  To examine the effects of chocolate on lipid profiles, weight and glycaemic control in individuals with Type 2 diabetes.Methods  Twelve individuals with Type 2 diabetes on stable medication were enrolled in a randomized, placebo‐controlled double‐blind crossover study. Subjects were randomized to 45 g chocolate with or without a high polyphenol content for 8 weeks and then crossed over after a 4‐week washout period. Changes in weight, glycaemic control, lipid profile and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein were measured at the beginning and at the end of each intervention.Results  HDL cholesterol increased significantly with high polyphenol chocolate (1.16 ± 0.08 vs. 1.26 ± 0.08 mmol/l, P = 0.05) with a decrease in the total cholesterol: HDL ratio (4.4 ± 0.4 vs. 4.1 ± 0.4 mmol/l, P = 0.04). No changes were seen with the low polyphenol chocolate in any parameters. Over the course of 16 weeks of daily chocolate consumption neither weight nor glycaemic control altered from baseline.Conclusion  High polyphenol chocolate is effective in improving the atherosclerotic cholesterol profile in patients with diabetes by increasing HDL cholesterol and improving the cholesterol:HDL ratio without affecting weight, inflammatory markers, insulin resistance or glycaemic control.