bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ecological benefits of strategically applied livestock grazing in sagebrush communities
Authors: Davies Kirk W. , Boyd Chad S. , Bates Jon D. , Svejcar Lauren N. , Porensky Lauren M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThere are concerns about the negative consequences of non‐native livestock grazing of sagebrush communities, especially since these communities are experiencing unpreceded threats from invasive annual grasses, altered fire regimes, and climate change. The narrative around grazing often focuses on the effects of heavy, repeated growing season use that were common historically but now are rare or localized (e.g., near water sources). At the same time, the potential for ecological benefits of strategically applied grazing is often overlooked, limiting management options that may promote desired outcomes. To improve management in the face of unprecedented threats, we synthesized the literature to investigate and identify potential ecological benefits of strategically applied livestock grazing in sagebrush communities. We found that grazing can be used to modify fine fuel characteristics in ways that decrease fire probability and severity in sagebrush communities. Pre‐fire moderate grazing may be especially important because it decreases fire severity and, thereby, promotes biodiversity and reduces postfire annual grass invasion, fire‐induced mortality of native bunchgrasses, and fire damage to soil biocrusts. Grazing can create and maintain fine fuel breaks to improve firefighter safety and fire suppression efficiency. Strategic grazing can also be used to promote desirable plant community composition. Grazing can be a valuable tool, that is currently underutilized, for achieving desired management outcomes in the sagebrush and likely other ecosystems. Improper grazing can generate severe negative consequences; therefore, successful application of grazing to achieve desired outcomes will require careful attention to plant community response and balancing management objectives with community constraints.
Deprotonative Metallation of Benzofuran and Benzothiophene Derivatives for the Formation of Tetracyclic and Pentacyclic Heteroaromatic Compounds
Authors: Elmir Loubna , Bentabed‐Ababsa Ghenia , Erb William , Roisnel Thierry , Hurvois Jean‐Pierre , Picot Laurent , Thiéry Valérie , Mongin Florence 
Published: May 2024

AbstractN,N‐dialkylbenzofuran‐ and N,N‐dialkylbenzothiophene‐2‐carboxamides were readily prepared from bare benzofuran and benzothiophene by deprotocupration followed by trapping with N,N‐dialkylcarbamoyl chlorides. They were reacted with 2‐benzofuryl‐ and 2‐benzothienyllithiums to form symmetrical and unsymmetrical diarylketones, or underwent deprotolithiation‐electrophilic trapping sequences at their 3 position. From 3‐iodinated derivatives, copper‐catalysed N‐arylation of azoles was performed, followed by lithium amide‐promoted cyclisation, to give ‘tripentone’ analogues. The diarylketones were also iodinated at their 3,3’ positions and then engaged in the copper‐promoted double N‐arylation of anilines, giving rise to a family of original pentacyclic derivatives. A preliminary assessment of their electrochemical and biological properties was carried out, showing promising results against the proliferation of melanoma cells.
Signal points allocation for generalized enhanced spatial modulation
Authors: Yin Ling , Zeng Guang , Long Qingwen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this paper, making full use of the spatial domain of transmit antennas (TAs) and keeping the characteristic of the squared minimum Euclidean distance (MED) between the transmitted spatial vectors (TSVs), generalized enhanced spatial modulation with signal points allocation (GESM‐SPA) is proposed to expand the size of signal spaces for enhancing the spectral efficiency and the reliability of communications. In the GESM‐SPA, according to the number of active TAs, signal constellation points (CPs) from the QAM or secondary QAM constellations are allocated and then modulated on the corresponding active TAs with the selected antenna index (AI) vector. Through this design, which further exploits the spatial domain with the variability of active TAs, the squared MED between the TSVs is increased in comparison with the existing traditional systems. More specifically, in view of the disadvantage of the classic ESM system, the constellation groups (CGs) with priority given to the QAM CPs are constructed to further maximize the squared MED. Then, the AI vector subsets corresponding to the obtained CGs are designed to be candidate for the specified AI vector set with the AI information. The squared MED and the average bit error probability (BEP) are analyzed. In simulation results using Monte Carlo, the GESM‐SPA outperforms the existing classic systems in terms of the bit error rate performance.
Postoperative improvement in patient‐reported outcomes after neutral alignment medial open wedge high tibial osteotomy for medial compartment knee osteoarthritis in patients aged ≥70 years versus younger patients
Authors: Nakashima Mitsuharu , Takahashi Tsuneari , Matsumura Tomohiro , Takeshita Katsushi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeTo compare the postoperative clinical and radiological outcomes in patients aged ≥70 years following neutral alignment medial opening‐wedge high tibial osteotomy (NA‐MOWHTO) for medial compartment knee osteoarthritis (KOA) to those observed in younger patients.MethodsThe data of patients who underwent NA‐MOWHTO for medial compartment KOA between September 2018 and June 2022 were retrospectively analysed. The patients were categorised into groups Y (<70 years) and O (≥70 years). Age, sex, Kellgren–Lawrence classification, pre‐ and postoperative mechanical axis, weight‐bearing line ratio, medial proximal tibial angle, preoperative Tegner Activity Score and pre‐ and postoperative Lysholm scores were compared between the groups.ResultsOverall, 81 patients (60 and 21 in groups Y and O, respectively) who underwent NA‐MOWHTO were included in this study. No significant differences were found in patient characteristics between the two groups, except for the preoperative Tegner Activity Score, which was significantly higher in group Y than in group O (3 [2–4] vs. 2 [2–2], respectively; p = 0.011). The two groups exhibited no significant differences in pre‐ and postoperative knee alignments. Postoperatively, Lysholm scores improved significantly in both groups without significant differences. Additionally, no correlation was found between age and pre‐ and postoperative Lysholm scores.ConclusionsThe postoperative improvement following NA‐MOWHTO for medial compartment KOA is comparable in patients aged ≥70 and younger.Level of EvidenceLevel III, Retrospective comparative study.
Impairments in peroneal muscle size and activation in individuals with patellofemoral pain in weight‐bearing position
Authors: Jaffri Abbis , Schwarting Amber , Baellow Andrea 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundPatellofemoral pain (PFP) is characterized by chronic pain in the anterior aspect of the knee during loading activities. Many studies investigating muscle morphology changes for individuals with PFP focus on the proximal joints, however, few studies have investigated muscles of the foot and ankle complex. This study aimed to explore the differences in peroneal muscle size and activation between individuals with PFP and healthy controls using ultrasound imaging in weight‐bearing.MethodsA case‐control study in a university lab setting was conducted. Thirty individuals with PFP (age: 20.23 ± 3.30 years, mass: 74.70 ± 27.63 kgs, height: 161.32 ± 11.72 cm) and 30 healthy individuals (age: 20.33 ± 3.37 years, mass: 64.02 ± 11.00 kgs, height: 169.31 ± 9.30 cm) participated. Cross‐sectional area (CSA) images of the peroneal muscles were taken in non‐weight bearing and weight‐bearing positions. The functional activation ratio from lying to single‐leg standing (SLS) was calculated.ResultsThere was a statistically significant (p = 0.041) group (PFP, healthy) by position (non‐weight‐bearing, weight‐bearing) interaction for the peroneal muscle CSA with a Cohen's d effect size of 0.2 in non‐weight‐bearing position and 0.7 in weight‐bearing position. The functional activation ratio for the healthy group was significantly more (p = 0.01) than the PFP group.ConclusionPeroneal muscles were found to be smaller in size in those with PFP compared to the healthy subjects in the weight‐bearing SLS position. This study found that those with PFP have lower activation of peroneal muscles in functional position.
Clients' experiences of empathy in genetic counseling for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer: A qualitative study in Japan
Authors: Tomozawa Chikako , Kaneko Mikiko , Sasaki Motoko , Miyake Hidehiko 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEmpathy is a significant element in genetic counseling for building relationships with the clients and addressing their issues. However, there are few reports on the experiences of the clients about their perceived empathy in genetic counseling. Cancer genetic counseling needs have been rapidly evolving with the expansion of clinical comprehensive genomic profiling and genetic diagnosis approaches for hereditary cancers. Therefore, this study aimed to reveal empathy perceptions of the clients during cancer genetic counseling. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted, and a grounded theory approach was used for data analysis. A total of 13 participants were recruited from organizations for patients with cancer, among whom 11 were patients with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) and two were relatives of patients with HBOC. Data analysis was organized into five categories related to experiences with empathy: (i) prior context to perceive empathy (ii) understanding and consideration, (iii) bedside manner, and (iv) impacted area of perceived empathy; and (v) no empathy. This study highlights the fact that empathy experiences of the clients differ depending on the situation and state of mind. Taken together, this study provides new insights on how to deliver empathic care.
One‐year outcomes of rate versus rhythm control of atrial fibrillation in the Kerala‐AF Registry
Authors: Calvert Peter , Chen Yang , Gue Ying , Gupta Dhiraj , Azariah Jinbert Lordson , George Koshy A. , Zachariah Geevar , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Gopalan Bahuleyan Charantharayil ,   the Kerala AF Registry Investigators
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere is ongoing debate around rate versus rhythm control strategies for managing atrial fibrillation (AF), however, much of the data comes from Western cohorts. Kerala‐AF represents the largest prospective AF cohort study from the Indian subcontinent.ObjectivesTo compare 12‐month outcomes between rate and rhythm control strategies.MethodsPatients aged ≥18 years with non‐transient AF were recruited from 53 hospitals across Kerala. Patients were stratified by rate or rhythm control. The primary outcome was a composite of all‐cause mortality, arterial thromboembolism, acute coronary syndrome or hospitalization due to heart failure or arrhythmia at 12 months. Secondary outcomes included bleeding events and individual components of the primary. Predictors of the composite outcome were analysed by logistic regression.ResultsA total of 2901 patients (mean age 64.6 years, 51% female) were included (2464 rate control, 437 rhythm control). Rates of the primary composite outcome did not differ between groups (29.7% vs 30.0%; p = .955), nor did any component of the primary. Bleeding outcomes were also similar (1.6% vs 1.9%; p = .848). Independent predictors of the primary composite outcome were older age (aOR 1.01; p = .013), BMI <18 (aOR 1.51; p = .025), permanent AF (aOR 0.78; p = .010), HFpEF (aOR 1.40; p = .023), HFrEF (aOR 1.39; p = .004), chronic kidney disease (aOR 1.36; p < .001), and prior thromboembolism (aOR 1.31; p = .014).ConclusionIn the Kerala‐AF registry, 12‐month outcomes did not differ between rate and rhythm control cohorts.
Achalasia in Klinefelter syndrome: A suspected pediatric case as well as prevalence analysis suggesting increased risk in this population
Authors: Miller Lacey , Cho Hyung‐Gyo , Banayan Charlotte , Vega Lemus Vivian , Sharma Shagun , Wallach Thomas 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA 4‐year‐old male with Klinefelter syndrome (KS), speech delay, and intermittent history of coughing and choking during meals was referred for evaluation. Prior evaluation with computed tomography showed a dilated esophagus at the gastroesophageal junction. The patient was unable to tolerate a barium swallow. Upper endoscopy was performed, and an intraoperative esophagogram, demonstrated a “birds beak” appearance suggestive of achalasia. There is no documented relationship between achalasia and KS. However, we utilized TriNetX (a large‐scale data clearinghouse) to demonstrate a higher prevalence of achalasia in patients with KS as compared to the general population.
Comparative study on nutraceutical and sensorial characteristics of saffron (Crocus sativusL.) cultivated in Iran, Spain, and Türkiye
Authors: Amanpour Armin , Soltani Mostafa , Lipan Leontina , Garcia‐Garví Jose Miguel , Hernández‐García Francisca , Carbonell‐Barrachina Ángel A. , Nadal Esther Sendra 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDQuality properties of 14 saffron samples from Iran, Spain, and Türkiye were compared.RESULTSSignificant differences were observed between anthocyanins, volatile compounds, fatty acids, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity of saffron samples (P < 0.05). Besides, significant differences in color parameters were observed. Moreover, a total of 13 volatile compounds were identified in the saffron samples using. headspace–solid‐phase microextraction–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, safranal and α‐isophorone being the two predominant aroma compounds. Regarding fatty acids, significant differences were seen in the fatty acid profiles of saffron samples (P < 0.05), while linoleic acid was the most concentrated fatty acid. In terms of sensory properties, different concentrations of safranal, α‐isophorone and 4‐ketoisophorone may lead to significant differences in the odor and taste attributes of saffron samples (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONChanges in corm origin along with climate and agricultural conditions may affect the quality characteristics of saffron cultivated in different geographical areas to a significant degree. © 2024 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Application of Cystoseira myrica phycosynthesized selenium nanoparticles incorporated with nano‐chitosan to control aflatoxigenic fungi in fish feed
Authors: Tayel Ahmed A , El‐madawy Karima M , Moussa Shaaban H , Assas Mona A 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe recurrent contaminations of feed materials with mycotoxigenic fungi can endanger both farmed animals and humans. Biosynthesized nanomaterials are assumingly the ideal agents to overcome fungal invasion in feed/foodstuffs, especially when utilizing sustainable sources for synthesis. Herein, the phycosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) was targeted using Cystoseira myrica algal extract (CE), and the conjugation of CE/SeNPs with chitosan nanoparticles (NCt) to produce potential antifungal nanocomposites for controlling Aspergillus flavus isolates in fish feed.RESULTSThe phycosynthesis of SeNPs with CE was effectually carried out and validated using visible/UV analysis, X‐ray diffraction and transmission microscopy; CE/SeNPs had diameters of 8.7 nm and spherical shapes. NCt/CE/SeNPs nanocomposite (173.3 nm mean diameter) was achieved and the component interactions were validated via infrared spectroscopic analysis. The antifungal assessment of screened nanomaterials against three Aspergillus flavus strains indicated that NCt/CE/SeNPs exceeded the fluconazole action using qualitative/quantitative assays. Severe alteration/distortions in A. flavus mycelial structure and morphology were microscopically observed within 48 h of NCt/CE/SeNPs treatment. The treatment of feed ingredients (crushed corn and feed powder) by blending with nanomaterials (NCt, CE/SeNPs and NCt/CE/SeNPs) led to significant reduction in A. flavus count/growth after storage for 7 days; NCt/CE/SeNPs could completely inhibit any fungal growth in feed material.CONCLUSIONThe pioneering phycosynthesis of CE/SeNPs and their nanoconjugation with NCt generated bioactive antifungal agents to control A. flavus strains. The innovatively constructed NCt/CE/SeNPs nanocomposite is advised for application as an effectual, biosafe and natural fungicidal conjugate for the protection of fish feed from mycotoxigenic fungi. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Improved brain metastases segmentation using generative adversarial network and conditional random field optimization mask R‐CNN
Authors: Wang Yiren , Wen Zhongjian , Su Lei , Deng Hairui , Gong Jiali , Xiang Hongli , He Yongcheng , Zhang Huaiwen , Zhou Ping , Pang Haowen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn radiotherapy, the delineation of the gross tumor volume (GTV) in brain metastases using computed tomography (CT) simulation localization is very important. However, despite the criticality of this process, a pronounced gap exists in the availability of tools tailored for the automatic segmentation of the GTV based on CT simulation localization images.PurposeThis study aims to fill this gap by devising an effective tool specifically for the automatic segmentation of the GTV using CT simulation localization images.MethodsA dual‐network generative adversarial network (GAN) architecture was developed, wherein the generator focused on refining CT images for more precise delineation, and the discriminator differentiated between real and augmented images. This architecture was coupled with the Mask R‐CNN model to achieve meticulous GTV segmentation. An end‐to‐end training process facilitated the integration between the GAN and Mask R‐CNN functionalities. Furthermore, a conditional random field (CRF) was incorporated to refine the initial masks generated by the Mask R‐CNN model to ensure optimal segmentation accuracy. The performance was assessed using key metrics, namely, the Dice coefficient (DSC), intersection over union (IoU), accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity.ResultsThe GAN+Mask R‐CNN+CRF integration method in this study performs well in GTV segmentation. In particular, the model has an overall average DSC of 0.819 ± 0.102 and an IoU of 0.712 ± 0.111 in the internal validation. The overall average DSC in the external validation data is 0.726 ± 0.128 and the IoU is 0.640 ± 0.136. It demonstrates favorable generalization ability.ConclusionThe integration of the GAN, Mask R‐CNN, and CRF optimization provides a pioneering tool for the sophisticated segmentation of the GTV in brain metastases using CT simulation localization images. The method proposed in this study can provide a robust automatic segmentation approach for brain metastases in the absence of MRI.
Comprehensive quality evaluation of Lysimachia christinae Hance via fingerprint, spectrum–effect relationship, and quantitative analyses of multiple components by single marker
Authors: LuoRong Quji , Tan Li‐Hong , Yu Bao , Wu Yingqin , Luo Juan , Cao Wei‐Guo , Li Jingjing , Chen Huan , Zhang Dan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundLysimachia christinae Hance (LCH) is a traditional medicine used to treat gallstone disease and cholecystitis. Despite its known anti‐inflammatory and choleretic effects, its quality has not been extensively evaluated.ObjectiveIn this study, we aimed to establish a reliable quality evaluation method for LCH via fingerprint, spectrum–effect relationship, and quantitative analyses of multicomponents by a single marker (QAMS).MethodsFirst, the fingerprints and anti‐inflammatory and choleretic activities of 14 LCH batches were determined. Then, the gray relation analysis method was used to analyze the peak areas of the fingerprint profile and pharmacodynamic data. Subsequently, the characteristic peaks were tentatively identified using high‐performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. Finally, rutin was selected as the internal reference material, and QAMS was used to analyze the LCH components.ResultsPharmacodynamic experiments confirmed that LCH exerted anti‐inflammatory and choleretic effects. Moreover, 15 flavonoids related to the anti‐inflammatory and choleretic effects of LCH were identified. Notably, relative error percentage between the QAMS and external standard method was less than 5%.ConclusionThis study successfully established a comprehensive evaluation method for the qualitative and quantitative analyses of LCH.
Temporal trends in use of antisecretory agents among patients administered clopidogrel‐based dual antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Lee Yonghyuk , Choi Hye‐Jeong , Park Susin , Je Nam Kyung 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundAntisecretory drugs are commonly prescribed with clopidogrel‐based dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) to prevent gastrointestinal bleeding in high‐risk patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, omeprazole and esomeprazole (inhibiting proton pump inhibitors [PPIs]) may increase cardiovascular event rates on co‐administration with clopidogrel.This study aimed to examine trends in the use of antisecretory agents in patients administered clopidogrel‐based DAPT and the concomitant use of clopidogrel and inhibiting PPIs.MethodsWe used National Inpatient Sample data compiled by the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service from 2009 to 2020. Further, we identified patients who were prescribed clopidogrel‐based DAPT after PCI and investigated the concomitant use of antisecretory agents with clopidogrel. To verify the annual trend of drug utilization, we used the Cochran–Armitage trend test.ResultsFrom 2009 to 2020, the percentage of H2 receptor antagonist users decreased steadily (from 82.5% in 2009 to 25.3% in 2020); instead, the percentage of PPI users increased (from 23.7% in 2009 to 82.0% in 2020). The use of inhibiting PPI also increased (from 4.2% in 2009 to 30.7% in 2020). Potassium competitive acid blockers (P‐CABs) were rarely used before 2019; however, in 2020, it accounted for 7.8% of the antisecretory users.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates that the use of inhibiting PPIs increased steadily in patients administered clopidogrel‐based DAPT therapy. This is a major concern since the concomitant use of inhibiting PPIs with clopidogrel could increase the risk of cardiovascular events.