bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the urinary protein patterns of athletes by 2D‐gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry—a pilot study
Authors: Kohler Maxie , Franz Stefan , Regeniter Axel , Ikonen Anna , Walpurgis Katja , Thomas Andreas , Schänzer Wilhelm , Thevis Mario 
Published: November 2009

AbstractUrinary proteins and exercise‐induced proteinuria have been the subject of much research. Proteinuria has been studied in depth after different running and cycling intensities and durations and the different mechanisms of glomerular filtration and tubular dysfunction have been elucidated. The present study was carried out to compare urinary protein profiles of athletes in different sport categories (endurance sport, team sport, strength sport). Doping‐control urine samples obtained from in‐competition testing and specimens derived from a control group were analysed by means of two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D‐PAGE) and significantly deviating protein spots were enzymatically hydrolysed and identified by nanoflow liquid chromatography‐orbitrap mass spectrometry. Endurance sport samples demonstrated a significant increase of mainly medium‐sized urinary proteins such as transferrin, zinc alpha‐2‐glycoprotein and prostaglandin H2 D‐isomerase (30–80 kDa) in 2D‐PAGE experiments. Proteinuria was evident in all samples after protein concentration measurements (protein/creatinine > 15 mg/mmol). Alterations were also observed in strength sport samples, which showed an increase of low molecular weight proteins or protein fragments (<30 kDa, e.g., transthyretin, CD 59 antigen or an N‐terminal transferrin fragment). In contrast, the concentration measurements did not imply proteinuria but total protein excretion was in a normal range.The study provides a first overview on 2D maps of the urinary proteome after different types of exercise. Future studies may lead to the establishment of urinary protein maps that are typical for a certain type of sport or even an individual athlete. These maps may complement the blood passport of athletes in doping control. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DeltaA mRNA and protein distribution in the zebrafish nervous system
Authors: Tallafuss Alexandra , Trepman Alissa , Eisen Judith S. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPhysical interaction between the transmembrane proteins Delta and Notch allows only a subset of neural precursors to become neurons, as well as regulating other aspects of neural development. To examine the localization of Delta protein during neural development, we generated an antibody specific to zebrafish DeltaA (Dla). Here, we describe for the first time the subcellular localization of Dla protein in distinct puncta at cell cortex and/or membrane, supporting the function of Dla in direct cell–cell communication. In situ RNA hybridization and immunohistochemistry revealed dynamic, coordinated expression patterns of dla mRNA and Dla protein in the developing and adult zebrafish nervous system. Dla expression is mostly excluded from differentiated neurons and is maintained in putative precursor cells at least until larval stages. In the adult brain, dla mRNA and Dla protein are expressed in proliferative zones normally associated with stem cells. Developmental Dynamics 238:3226–3336, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High resolution cell lineage tracing reveals developmental variability in leech
Authors: Gline Stephanie E. , Kuo Dian‐Han , Stolfi Alberto , Weisblat David A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractKnowing the normal patterns of embryonic cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation is a cornerstone for understanding development. Yet for most species, the precision with which embryonic cell lineages can be determined is limited by technical considerations (the large numbers of cells, extended developmental times, opacity of the embryos), and these are exacerbated by the inherent variability of the lineages themselves. Here, we present an improved method of cell lineage tracing in the leech Helobdella, driving the expression of a nuclearly localized histone H2B:GFP (green fluorescent protein) fusion protein in selected lineages by microinjection of a plasmid vector. This construct generates a long lasting and minimally mosaic signal with single cell resolution, and does not disrupt the development of most lineages tested. We have validated this technique by elucidating details of cell lineages contributing to segmental and prostomial tissues that could not be observed with standard dextran lineage tracers. Developmental Dynamics 238:3139–3151, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of the viscerocranial skeleton during embryogenesis of the sea lamprey,Petromyzon Marinus
Authors: Martin Wendy M. , Bumm Lloyd A. , McCauley David W. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractEvolution of the skeleton was a key transition in early vertebrates. Lampreys lack a mineralized skeleton but possess cartilaginous neurocranial and viscerocranial elements. In lampreys, the visceral skeleton develops as a fused branchial basket supporting the pharynx. Here, we have adapted Alcian blue staining of lamprey cartilage and show this method results in cartilage fluorescence that we used to describe development of the branchial skeleton inPetromyzon marinusbetween 17 and 63 days of development. We show that skeletal rods develop from condensations of flattened discoidal chondrocytes and may involve cellular intercalation. Lamprey trabecular, parachordal, and subchordal cartilages consist of aggregations of polygonal chondrocytes positioned on the ventral and lateral surfaces of the notochord. We speculate that morphological differences relate to functional differences in the cartilage. We show that differentiated skeletal rods are derived from neural crest. Finally, we show how branchial muscles intercalate with skeletal rods of the branchial basket. Developmental Dynamics 238:3126–3138, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neurogenin1 expression in cell lineages of the cerebellar cortex in embryonic and postnatal mice
Authors: Lundell T. G. , Zhou Q. , Doughty M.L. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factors Ptf1a and Math1 are necessary for the specification of γ‐aminobutyric acid‐ergic and glutamatergic cell lineages in the cerebellum, respectively. Recent evidence suggests cascades of bHLH factor activities drive cell type specificity in Ptf1a+ve and Math1+ve lineages. In this manuscript, we reveal cell lineages in the cerebellar cortex but not deep cerebellar nuclei express the pro‐neural bHLH factor Neurogenin1 (Ngn1). Ngn1 is expressed in ventricular zone progenitors and in newly generated neurons in the caudal cerebellar primordium. In later embryonic and postnatal developmental stages, Ngn1 is expressed in progenitors and in migrating interneurons in the prospective white matter. Transgenic fate‐mapping reveals Ngn1 reporter‐gene expression in Purkinje cells, multiple inhibitory interneuron cell types, and in unipolar brush cells of the cortex. The data suggest Ngn1 is a component of the bHLH factor code regulating cell type specification in the cerebellar cortex. Developmental Dynamics 238:3310–3325, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
SECM Imaging of Interfacial Processes in Defective Organic Coatings Applied on Metallic Substrates Using Oxygen as Redox Mediator
Authors: Souto Ricardo M. , Fernández‐Mérida Luis , González Sergio 
Published: November 2009

AbstractOperation of the SECM in feedback mode over a coated metal allows changes in the state of the surface to be monitored using dissolved oxygen in the test environment as redox mediator. The system investigated consisted in mild steel samples coated with a polyurethane film in which a defect was deliberately introduced into it. Accurate approach curves under negative‐feedback condition were obtained using a platinum microelectrode over regions of the intact coating. Imaging experiments were also carried out over the artificial defect on the coating. Under these conditions, corrosion of the exposed metal substrate at the defects could be monitored.
Effect of hydrodistillation with phosphoric acid on the yield of Chios mastic gum essential oil
Authors: Kokolakis Antonios K. , Kouvarakis Antonios N. , Katerinopoulos Haralambos E. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe essential oil from the resin of Pistacia lentiscus L. var. chia (mastic gum), growing wild in the eastern Aegean island of Chios (Greece), was hydrodistilled and analysed by GC–MS and GC–FID. Mastic samples were hydrodistilled in the presence or absence of H3PO4. The results indicate that distillation in the presence of 10% H3PO4 doubled the yield of the essential oil (EO). A total of 46 compounds, accounting for 90.16–99.13% of the total volatile components of the essential oil, were detected and their percentage contents in the essential oil were determined. The compounds that predominate are α‐pinene (63.22–71.17%), β‐myrcene (16.60–18.09%) and β‐pinene (2.08–2.78%). These compounds were found in similar abundance in all samples, indicating that, at this concentration, H3PO4 does not react with the oil components during the distillation. The significant increase of the EO yield could make it more accessible to the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Special Issue 40th ISEO: toxicological challenges for essential oils in REACH
Authors: Ellis Graham 
Published: November 2009

AbstractRegulation on the registration, evaluation, authorization and restriction of chemicals (REACH) requires that substances produced or imported at ≥ 1 tonne/year in the European Community (EC) are submitted for registration following a phased‐in timetable according to tonnage until 2018. Toxicological and ecotoxicological information is required for submission, along with a risk assessment that considers consumer, occupational and environmental exposures. These requirements apply to natural aromatic extracts (mainly essential oils, but also concretes, resinoids, absolutes, etc.), termed ‘natural complex substances’ (NCSs), in REACH, and present a unique set of challenges, not only due to the cost and administrative burden for essential oils producers and importers, but also in the approach used for the toxicological evaluation of these oils. Identification of representative specifications for the conduct of studies and natural variability of product composition is an important and complex area to resolve, even before studies can begin. Adaptation of toxicological test methods to essential oils and the interpretation of results and use in risk assessment present perhaps the greatest challenge. Alternative test and evaluation strategies for essential oils, based on a components approach, offer the potential for strategic testing in achieving REACH compliance. Different approaches may apply, dependent on whether the NCS, which belongs to the category of substances called UVCB in REACH, is a ‘simple’ well‐defined substance, e.g. sweet orange peel oil, or one that is complex in nature and is not usually fully characterized, e.g. vetiver oil. Industry has already started work through REACH consortia and industry association activities, yet further refinement in the assessment approach and experience in dossier submission and acceptance with the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) remains a real challenge for essential oils producers and importers. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Large intragenic deletions of the NF2 gene: Breakpoints and associated phenotypes
Authors: Abo‐Dalo Benjamin , Kutsche Kerstin , Mautner Victor , Kluwe Lan 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn this study, the breakpoints of six large intragenic deletions in the NF2 gene are determined, which had initially been detected by multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification. While one breakpoint occurred within an exon, the remaining 11 lied in the corresponding flanking introns. Two of the deletions were most likely caused by nonallelic homologous recombination between Alu sequences, while the other four appeared to be the result of nonhomologous endjoining, possibly facilitated by rearrangement‐promoting elements at the junctions in some cases. The clinical features of patients with large intragenic deletions and individuals with mutations affecting single or multiple nucleotides of the NF2 gene are relatively similar. However, patients with deletions of the 3′ exons 15 and 16 of the NF2 gene did exhibit milder phenotypes, especially with respect to the age of disease onset. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Treatment guideline for hemangiomas and vascular malformations of the head and neck
Authors: Zheng Jia Wei , Zhou Qin , Yang Xiu Juan , Wang Yan An , Fan Xin Dong , Zhou Guo Yu , Zhang Zhi Yuan , Suen James Y. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractVascular anomalies are among the most common congenital and neonatal dysmorphogenesis, which are separated into hemangiomas and vascular malformations. They can occur in various areas throughout the body, with 60% being located in the head and neck. The true mechanism of pathogenesis of vascular anomalies is still unclear. Various treatment methods have been reported, and there are still controversies over the selection of different treatment modalities. Based on the clinical and basic research and current literature, the Chinese Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Vascular Anomalies formulated a treatment guideline for hemangiomas and vascular malformations of the head and neck, which will be modified and updated periodically based on new medical evidence and research. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Reproductive risk factors and endometrial cancer: the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition
Authors: Dossus Laure , Allen Naomi , Kaaks Rudolf , Bakken Kjersti , Lund Eiliv , Tjonneland Anne , Olsen Anja , Overvad Kim , Clavel‐Chapelon Francoise , Fournier Agnes , Chabbert‐Buffet Nathalie , Boeing Heiner , Schütze Madlen , Trichopoulou Antonia , Trichopoulos Dimitrios , Lagiou Pagona , Palli Domenico , Krogh Vittorio , Tumino Rosario , Vineis Paolo , Mattiello Amalia , Bueno‐de‐Mesquita H. Bas , Onland‐Moret N. Charlotte , Peeters Petra H.M. , Dumeaux Vanessa , Redondo Maria‐Luisa , Duell Eric , Sanchez‐Cantalejo Emilio , Arriola Larraitz , Chirlaque Maria‐Dolores , Ardanaz Eva , Manjer Jonas , Borgquist Signe , Lukanova Annie , Lundin Eva , Khaw Kay‐Tee , Wareham Nicholas , Key Tim , Chajes Veronique , Rinaldi Sabina , Slimani Nadia , Mouw Traci , Gallo Valentina , Riboli Elio 
Published: November 2009

AbstractEndometrial cancer risk has been associated with reproductive factors (age at menarche, age at menopause, parity, age at first and last birth, time since last birth and use of oral contraceptives (OCs)]. However, these factors are closely interrelated and whether they act independently still requires clarification. We conducted a study to examine the association of menstrual and reproductive variables with the risk of endometrial cancer among the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Among the 302,618 women eligible for the study, 1,017 incident endometrial cancer cases were identified. A reduction in endometrial cancer risk was observed in women with late menarche, early menopause, past OC use, high parity and a shorter time since last full‐term pregnancy (FTP). No association was observed for duration of breast feeding after adjustment for number of FTP or for abortion (spontaneous or induced). After mutual adjustment, late age at menarche, early age at menopause and duration of OC use showed similar risk reductions of 7–8% per year of menstrual life, whereas the decreased risk associated with cumulative duration of FTPs was stronger (22% per year). In conclusion, our findings confirmed a reduction in risk of endometrial cancer with factors associated with a lower cumulative exposure to estrogen and/or higher exposure to progesterone, such as increasing number of FTPs and shorter menstrual lifespan and, therefore, support an important role of hormonal mechanisms in endometrial carcinogenesis.
Zoledronic acid protects against osteosarcoma‐induced bone destruction but lacks efficacy against pulmonary metastases in a syngeneic rat model
Authors: Labrinidis Agatha , Hay Shelley , Liapis Vasilios , Findlay David M. , Evdokiou Andreas 
Published: November 2009

AbstractOsteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant tumor of bone in children and adolescents. In spite of successful control of the primary tumor, death from lung metastasis occurs in more than a third of patients. To investigate the efficacy of zoledronic acid (ZOL) on the development, progression and metastatic spread of OS, we used a rat model of OS, with features of the disease similar to human patients, including spontaneous metastasis to lungs. Rat OS cells were inoculated into the tibial marrow cavity of syngeneic rats. OS development was associated with osteolysis mixed with new bone formation, adjacent to the periosteum and extended into the surrounding soft tissue. Metastatic foci in the lungs formed 3–4 weeks postcancer cell transplantation. Treatment with a clinically relevant dose of ZOL was initiated 1 week after tumors were established and continued once weekly or as a single dose. ZOL preserved the integrity of both trabecular and cortical bone and reduced tumor‐induced bone formation. However, the overall tumor burden at the primary site was not reduced because of the persistent growth of cancer cells in the extramedullary space, which was not affected by ZOL treatment. ZOL treatment failed to prevent the metastatic spread of OS to the lungs. These findings suggest that ZOL as a single agent protects against OS‐induced bone destruction but lacks efficacy against pulmonary metastases in this rat model. ZOL may have potential value as an adjuvant therapy in patients with established OS.
High‐throughput detection of nuclear factor‐kappaB activity using a sensitive oligo‐based chemiluminescent enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay
Authors: Bhattacharya Nupur , Sarno Antonio , Idler Irina S. , Führer Marita , Zenz Thorsten , Döhner Hartmut , Stilgenbauer Stephan , Mertens Daniel 
Published: November 2009

AbstractContemporary research on cellular signaling has undergone a shift of focus from qualitative measurements of single signaling pathways to high‐throughput quantitation of comprehensive signaling networks. Notably, nuclear factor‐kappaB (NFκB) is a family of transcription factors involved in immune and inflammatory responses, developmental processes, cellular growth and apoptosis and is deregulated in a number of disease states. We have established a chemiluminescent oligonucleotide‐based enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (co‐ELISA) that is simple and quantitative. In contrast to currently used assays, it allows quantitation of all NFκB components (i.e., RelA, p50, p52, RelB and c‐Rel). In addition, it can make use of whole extract and does not require cumbersome nuclear/cytosolic fractionation, saving time and resources. Co‐ELISA has a 3.5‐ to 43‐fold higher signal‐over‐noise ratio than currently available assays, whereas the percent relative standard deviation is 3‐ to 6‐fold lower. Furthermore, the novel method is faster than electrophoretic mobility shift assay, not restricted to transfectable cells as is the case for luciferase reporter assays and 10 times more cost efficient than commercially available ELISA assays. Co‐ELISA is a sensitive, fast and cost‐efficient quantitation method for all DNA‐binding NFκB proteins that can be used in high‐throughput experimentation.
Effects of blood on bone cement made of calcium phosphate: Problems and advantages
Authors: Musha Yoshiro , Umeda Tomohiro , Yoshizawa Sayuri , Shigemitsu Toshio , Mizutani Kazuhiro , Itatani Kiyoshi 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn recent years, calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) have frequently been used as bone substitutes in the field of orthopedic surgery. When CPC is used as a bone substitute in vivo, blood contamination is unavoidable. To date, however, no detailed study has been conducted focusing on how the physical properties of CPCs would change under the influence of blood. In this study, the effects of blood contamination on Biopex‐R® (BPR, PENTAX, Tokyo) are examined in vitro and in vivo. The compressive strength of BPR after setting decreased depending on the amount of contaminating blood. The BPR, which has set in vivo, not only has a fragile surface due to the contamination by blood, but also has a propensity to shorten and be destroyed during the early postoperative stage, especially in the bone exposed to loads. On the other hand, radiographic and histological features in vivo indicated that the absorption and the bone replacement of BPR were stimulated by blood contamination. In the clinical evaluation, the patient's own peripheral venous blood was added to the BPR. One year after the surgery, the absorption was noted around the hardened BPR. To advance CPCs (including BPR) as bioabsorbable bone replaceable materials, it is essential to utilize the patient's own blood in combination with the CPC. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010
Bone remodeling induced by dental implants of functionally graded materials
Authors: Lin Daniel , Li Qing , Li Wei , Swain Michael 
Published: November 2009

AbstractFunctionally graded material (FGM) had been developed as a potential implant material to replace titanium for its improved capability of initial osseointegration. The idea behind FGM dental implant is that its properties can be tailored in accordance with the biomechanical needs at different regions adapting to its hosting bony tissues, therefore creating an improved overall integration and stability in the entire restoration. However, there have been very few reports available so far on predicting bone remodeling induced by FGM dental implants. This article aims to evaluate bone remodeling when replacing the titanium with a hydroxyapatite/collagen (HAP/Col) FGM model. A finite element model was constructed in the buccal‐lingual section of a dental implant‐bone structure generated from in vivo CT scan images. The remodeling simulation was performed over a 4 year healing period. Comparisons were made between the titanium implant and various FGM implants of this model. The FGM implants showed an improved bone remodeling outcome. The study is expected to provide a basis for future development of FGM implants. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010
Degradation behaviors of bioabsorbable P3/4HB monofilament suture in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Chen Xianyu , Yang Xiaodi , Pan Jueyu , Wang Liang , Xu Kaitian 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe biodegradable behaviors of monofilament suture made from bacterial biopolyester poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐4‐hydroxybutyrate) (P3/4HB) was investigated both in lipase solution and by implant into rat tergal muscles. Results showed that the monofilament suture lost its tensile strength gradually accompanied by decrease of molecular weight. The suture retained ∼65% of its original strength after lipase degradation for 12 weeks, whereas the molecular weight decreased from 4.5 × 105 to 3.8 × 105. However, the crystallinity of the suture, after lipase degradation for 12 weeks, increased from 27 to 33%. This may ascribe to improve orientation arrangement of molecular chain in the monofilament after the fragment from amorphous regions dissolved in the buffer solution. The roughness of surface morphology increased with degradation. Rat implantation showed no remarkable tissue responses during in vivo degradation. Foreign body reactions were much milder than chromic catgut, which is one of the most common commercially available sutures. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010