bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ruthenium Thermodynamics in Nuclear Waste Glasses
Authors: Gossé S. , Schuller S. , Guéneau C. , Boucetta H. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTIn high level radioactive glasses, the low solubility platinoids (Pd, Ru, Rh) precipitate to form (Pd-Rh-Te, Ru-Rh, Ru) metallic particles and (RuO2, Rh2O3) oxides during the vitrification process. The composition and microstructures of these phases can significantly modify the physico-chemical properties and the electrical or thermal conductivities during melting.Several studies are undertaken at CEA in order to point out the reactions and the chemical interactions in the liquid and viscous states between the glass matrix and the platinoids present in the calcinated waste. Among these studies, a thermodynamic fission products database is being developed on the metallic (Pd-Rh-Ru-Te) and oxide (O-Pd-Rh-Ru-Te) systems. In this work, based on the Calphad method, the Gibbs free energies of each phase are modelled to provide an overall thermodynamic description of the platinoid phases in nuclear waste glasses. The objective of the database is to facilitate calculations of phase diagrams and thermodynamic properties. This flexible tool also enables calculations of the relative stability between metallic and oxide phases in function of the oxygen potential (RedOx equilibrium).For example, some solidification routes are calculated for typical Pd-Rh-Ru-Te compositions of LWR spent fuels. The calculated Pd-Rh-Ru-Te solidification paths are compared with the phases analysed in simplified laboratory scale glass samples. Using these results, the compositions of the Pd-Rh-Ru-Te inclusions are predicted. Furthermore, possible consideration of the RedOx equilibria for some ruthenium based phases makes it possible to explain the speciation between oxide and metallic phases partly due to the Pd-Te interaction.
Tooth Lengths of the Permanent Upper Incisors in Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate Determined with Cone Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Zhou Weihua , Li Weiran , Lin Jiuxiang , Liu Denggao , Xie Xiaoyan , Zhang Zuyan 
Published: March 2012

Objective To measure the tooth lengths of fully developed permanent upper incisors and to qualitatively evaluate the root shapes of the incisors in patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP). Design Cross-sectional, noninterventional, case-control imaging study. Setting Hospital and Stomatology Unit of Peking University, Beijing, China (institutional tertiary care). Participants Sixty consecutive nonsyndromic CLP patients (including 40 unilateral [UCLP] and 20 bilateral [BCLP]), and 53 age- and sex-matched controls were selected for this study. Main Outcome Measure Crown heights and root lengths of permanent upper incisors were measured from cone beam computed tomography scans, and the root shapes of upper incisors were evaluated. Results Compared with controls, the crown heights of upper incisors in CLP patients were reduced by 9.7% to 22.5% ( p < .05), and the root lengths were reduced by 15.8% to 31.7% ( p < .05). BCLP patients had greater reductions than the UCLP cases ( p < .05). There were no significant differences between incisors and their antimeres in controls and BCLP patients. However, measurements on the cleft side in UCLP patients were lower than those of the noncleft side ( p < .05). The prevalence of atypical root shape was higher in CLP than in the control group ( p = .002); of these, 83.3% (30/36) occurred in central incisors near the cleft. Conclusion The permanent upper incisors in nonsyndromic CLP patients are underdeveloped. Incisor developmental deficiency was greater in teeth adjacent to the cleft.
Mesio-Distal and Buccal-Lingual Tooth Dimensions are Part of the Cleft Spectrum: A Pilot for Future Genetic Studies
Authors: De Sabóia Ticiana Medeiros , Küchler Erika Calvano , Tannure Patricia Nivoloni , Rey Ana Cristina , Granjeiro Jose Mauro , De Castro Costa Marcelo , Vieira Alexandre Rezende 
Published: March 2012

Objective Considering that oral clefts and tooth dimensions may be part of the same phenotypic spectrum, the aim of this study was to investigate tooth dimensions in permanent dentition and dental malformations, including tooth size discrepancies, of subjects born with clefts compared with individuals without clefts. Design Cross-sectional study. Participants The cleft group was composed of 66 subjects, and the noncleft group consisted of 66 healthy unrelated subjects. Main Outcome Measures The mesio-distal and buccal-lingual crown diameter of fully erupted permanent teeth outside the cleft area was measured using a digital caliber. Clinical records and radiographs were used to evaluate the type of clefts and dental anomalies. Results The lower second premolar was significantly reduced in the CLP and CP groups. The upper lateral incisor was found to be significantly smaller in the CP group, only for mesio-distal dimensions ( P < .05). Dental agenesis was found in eight (12%) cleft subjects and supernumerary teeth in two (3%). Conclusions Subjects born with oral clefts presented size reduction in specific dental groups.
Practitioner Summary of Detection and Severity Classification of Sarbanes-Oxley Section 404 Internal Control Deficiencies
Authors: Bedard Jean C. , Graham Lynford 
Published: March 2012

SUMMARY
Prior research uses publicly available information to provide insights concerning the determinants and consequences of Section 404 material weaknesses. In contrast, our study, “Detection and Severity Classification of Sarbanes-Oxley Section 404 Internal Control Deficiencies” (Bedard and Graham 2011) uses proprietary data obtained from several large accounting firms to provide a “behind the scenes” look at all deficiencies identified between 2004 and 2005 (both remediated and unremediated before year-end) for a sample of companies. We report client company characteristics associated with internal control effectiveness, the processes used by companies in their Section 404 activities, procedures that identified control deficiencies, and factors associated with greater severity. Our results demonstrate the value of independent auditor assessment and testing of control effectiveness as we find that companies fail to detect most control deficiencies in their own assessments and testing, and tend to under-classify the severity of those that they do detect.
Demand in Pediatric Dentistry for Sedation and General Anesthesia by Dentist Anesthesiologists: A Survey of Directors of Dentist Anesthesiologist and Pediatric Dentistry Residencies
Authors: Hicks C. Gray , Jones James E. , Saxen Mark A. , Maupome Gerardo , Sanders Brian J. , Walker LaQuia A. , Weddell James A. , Tomlin Angela 
Published: March 2012

This study describes what training programs in pediatric dentistry and dental anesthesiology are doing to meet future needs for deep sedation/general anesthesia services required for pediatric dentistry. Residency directors from 10 dental anesthesiology training programs in North America and 79 directors from pediatric dentistry training programs in North America were asked to answer an 18-item and 22-item online survey, respectively, through an online survey tool. The response rate for the 10 anesthesiology training program directors was 9 of 10 or 90%. The response rate for the 79 pediatric dentistry training program directors was 46 of 79 or 58%. Thirty-seven percent of pediatric dentistry programs use clinic-based deep sedation/general anesthesia for dental treatment in addition to hospital-based deep sedation/general anesthesia. Eighty-eight percent of those programs use dentist anesthesiologists for administration of deep sedation/general anesthesia in a clinic-based setting. Pediatric dentistry residency directors perceive a future change in the need for deep sedation/general anesthesia services provided by dentist anesthesiologists to pediatric dentists: 64% anticipate an increase in need for dentist anesthesiologist services, while 36% anticipate no change. Dental anesthesiology directors compared to 2, 5, and 10 years ago have seen an increase in the requests for dentist anesthesiologist services by pediatric dentists reported by 56% of respondents (past 2 years), 63% of respondents (past 5 years), and 88% of respondents (past 10 years), respectively. Predicting the future need of dentist anesthesiologists is an uncertain task, but these results show pediatric dentistry directors and dental anesthesiology directors are considering the need, and they recognize a trend of increased need for dentist anesthesiologist services over the past decade.
Sexual lifestyles in the field of cultural demands
Authors: Lukšík Ivan , Marková Dagmar 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
In the research we focus on the construction of the sexual lifestyles of young people—undergraduates—in Slovakia and ask “which cultural sources are used?” and “which cultural demands exert pressures on these constructions?” The analysis was based on the answers respondents provided to a questionnaire relating to the preferences of values, aspirations regarding partner and sexual life as well as the socio-economic background of respondents. On the basis of the factor analysis and other steps, we obtained five groups of respondents with different lifestyles: 1. Liberal—free, 2. Partner—monogamous, 3. Natural—instinctive, 4. Hedonistic—free, 5. Submissive—partner. The research proves that while constructing their sexual lifestyles, young people experience confusion as to their personal interests, preferences, internal orientation of partner relationships, and culturally prescribed norms of monogamous relationships.
Quaternary coastline evolution of Lake Ohrid (Macedonia/Albania)
Authors: Hoffmann Nadine , Reicherter Klaus , Grützner Christoph , Hürtgen Jochen , Rudersdorf Andreas , Viehberg Finn , Wessels Martin 
Published: March 2012

AbstractLake Ohrid (between FYR of Macedonia and Albania), situated in an active tectonic region of the Balkanides, is characterized by N — S trending active faults. To reconstruct the Holocene shoreline evolution we investigated the coastline using sediment cores and geophysical methods to image sedimentary and tectonic structures. We revealed areas of differing sedimentation regimes. The plains north and south of the lake are dominated by clastic input related to climate variations and uplift/erosion, whereas the steep western and eastern margins are controlled by recent tectonics. Furthermore, no evidence for a much higher lake-level during the Holocene was found in the plains north and south of the lake, except rare temporary floodings. This is supported by mappings of the limestone cliffs around Lake Ohrid, which yielded no evidence for abrasional platforms or notches as indicators for past highstands.
Early Contralateral Shoulder-Arm Morbidity in Breast Cancer Patients Enrolled in a Randomized Trial of Post-Surgery Radiation Therapy
Authors: Adriaenssens Nele , Vinh-hung Vincent , Miedema Geertje , Versmessen Harijati , Lamote Jan , Vanhoeij Marian , Lievens Pierre , Van Parijs Hilde , Storme Guy , Voordeckers Mia , De Ridder Mark 
Published: March 2012

IntroductionShoulder/arm morbidity is a common complication of breast cancer surgery and radiotherapy (RT), but little is known about acute contralateral morbidity.MethodsPatients were 118 women enrolled in a RT trial. Arm volume and shoulder mobility were assessed before and 1–3 months after RT. Correlations and linear regression were used to analyze changes affecting ipsilateral and contralateral arms, and changes affecting relative interlimb differences (RID).ResultsChanges affecting one limb correlated with changes affecting the other limb. Arm volume between the two limbs correlated (R = 0.57). Risk factors were weight increase and axillary dissection. Contralateral and ipsilateral loss of abduction strongly correlated (R = 0.78). Changes of combined RID exceeding 10% affected the ipsilateral limb in 25% of patients, and the contralateral limb in 18%. Aromatase inhibitor therapy was significantly associated with contralateral loss of abduction.ConclusionsHigh incidence of early contralateral arm morbidity warrants further investigations.
One Stage Reconstruction of Skull Exposed by Burn Injury Using a Tissue Expansion Technique
Authors: Cho Jae Young , Jang Young Chul , Hur Gi Yeun , Koh Jang Hyu , Seo Dong Kook , Lee Jong Wook , Choi Jai Koo 
Published: March 2012

Background An area of the skull exposed by burn injury has been covered by various methods including local flap, skin graft, or free flap surgery. Each method has disadvantages, such as postoperative alopecia or donor site morbidities. Due to the risk of osteomyelitis in the injured skull during the expansion period, tissue expansion was excluded from primary reconstruction. However, successful primary reconstruction was possible in burned skull by tissue expansion.
Methods From January 2000 to 2011, tissue expansion surgery was performed on 10 patients who had sustained electrical burn injuries. In the 3 initial cases, removal of the injured part of the skull and a bone graft was performed. In the latter 7 cases, the injured skull tissue was preserved and covered with a scalp flap directly to obtain natural bone healing and bone remodeling.
Results The mean age of patients was 49.9±12.2 years, with 8 male and 2 female. The size of the burn wound was an average of 119.6±36.7 cm2. The mean expansion duration was 65.5±5.6 days, and the inflation volume was an average of 615±197.6 mL. Mean defect size was 122.2±34.9 cm2. The complications including infection, hematoma, and the exposure of the expander were observed in 4 cases. Nonetheless, only 1 case required revision.
Conclusions Successful coverage was performed by tissue expansion surgery in burned skull primarily and no secondary reconstruction was needed. Although the risks of osteomyelitis during the expansion period were present, constant coverage of the injured skull and active wound treatment helped successful primary reconstruction of burned skull by tissue expansion.
Surgical Treatment of Dermatomal Capillary Malformations in the Adult Face
Authors: Kim Yoojeong , Oh Suk Joon , Lee Junsang , Yang Jihoon , Koh Sung Hoon , Jung Sung Won 
Published: March 2012

Background Facial capillary malformations (CMs) rarely recede; they often become darker and raised in proportion to their growth. These malformations may hypertrophy in adulthood, resulting in increased disfigurement and dysfunction. Laser treatment is considered a first-line therapy for focal CMs, but thick wide lesions, which are accompanied by hypertrophy and have a well-circumscribed nodularity, may be treated with surgical excision and reconstruction.
Methods We retrospectively reviewed the records of 25 consecutive patients who had undergone complete or partial excisions of facial capillary malformations in our unit. After the excisions, the defects that encompassed their facial aesthetic units were subsequently covered by various methods, including primary closures, local flaps, expanded flaps, split-thickness skin grafts, and full thickness skin grafts.
Results The data demonstrated satisfactory results and reliability. Our patients were treated without significant complications, and all of the patients were moderately or fully satisfied with the outcome of their surgeries.
Conclusions Among the many reconstructive options for adult patients with facial capillary malformations, thick split-thickness skin grafts can be a good choice for the coverage of widely excised wounds.
In Vivo Performance and Structural Relaxation of Biodegradable Bone Implants Made from MgZnCa Bulk Metallic Glasses
Authors: Wessels Victor , Le Mené Gwénaël , Fischerauer Stefan F. , Kraus Tanja , Weinberg Annelie‐Martina , Uggowitzer Peter J. , Löffler Jörg F. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA study of Mg‐based bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) as biodegradable bone implants is presented. The implantation site can affect performance, so the BMGs were evaluated in vivo in rat femurs using µ‐CT scans at various times for more than 90 days. Estimates of H2 evolution correlate well with previous in vitro studies and bone–implant contact is similar to that for Ti pins. One potential drawback of Mg‐based BMGs in this application is embrittlement due to structural relaxation. Here, relaxation at 20 and 37 °C is examined, and an increase in the characteristic relaxation time, from 10 to 30 days at 20 °C, is observed as Zn increases from 29 to 32 at.%, correlating with dramatically reduced hydrogen evolution.
X‐Space MPI: Magnetic Nanoparticles for Safe Medical Imaging
Authors: Goodwill Patrick William , Saritas Emine Ulku , Croft Laura Rose , Kim Tyson N. , Krishnan Kannan M. , Schaffer David V. , Conolly Steven M. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractOne quarter of all iodinated contrast X‐ray clinical imaging studies are now performed on Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients. Unfortunately, the iodine contrast agent used in X‐ray is often toxic to CKD patients’ weak kidneys, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Hence, we are pioneering a new medical imaging method, called Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI), to replace X‐ray and CT iodinated angiography, especially for CKD patients. MPI uses magnetic nanoparticle contrast agents that are much safer than iodine for CKD patients. MPI already offers superb contrast and extraordinary sensitivity. The iron oxide nanoparticle tracers required for MPI are also used in MRI, and some are already approved for human use, but the contrast agents are far more effective at illuminating blood vessels when used in the MPI modality. We have recently developed a systems theoretic framework for MPI called x‐space MPI, which has already dramatically improved the speed and robustness of MPI image reconstruction. X‐space MPI has allowed us to optimize the hardware for five MPI scanners. Moreover, x‐space MPI provides a powerful framework for optimizing the size and magnetic properties of the iron oxide nanoparticle tracers used in MPI. Currently MPI nanoparticles have diameters in the 10‐20 nanometer range, enabling millimeter‐scale resolution in small animals. X‐space MPI theory predicts that larger nanoparticles could enable up to 250 micrometer resolution imaging, which would represent a major breakthrough in safe imaging for CKD patients.
Kein Ende für Totalsynthesen von Strychnin in Sicht? Lektionen für Strategien und Methoden in der Totalsynthese
Authors: Cannon Jeffrey S. , Overman Larry E. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractVon Beginn des 19. Jahrhunderts an bis in die Gegenwart hinein haben sich Chemiker mit dem komplexen Indol‐Alkaloid Strychnin beschäftigt. In diesem Aufsatz wollen wir untersuchen, weshalb Strychnin bis zum heutigen Tag eine bedeutende Zielstruktur für direkte Syntheseversuche ist. Wir werden eine Reihe von Syntheserouten zu Strychnin diskutieren, um so letztlich ihren Einfluss auf die Entwicklung von Strategien und Methoden in der organischen Synthese aufzuklären.
Is There No End to the Total Syntheses of Strychnine? Lessons Learned in Strategy and Tactics in Total Synthesis
Authors: Cannon Jeffrey S. , Overman Larry E. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractFrom the 19th century to the present, the complex indole alkaloid strychnine has engaged the chemical community. In this Review, we examine why strychnine has been and remains today an important target for directed synthesis efforts. A selection of the diverse syntheses of strychnine is discussed with the aim of identifying their influence on the evolution of the strategy and tactics of organic synthesis.
New heteroaromatic polyazomethines containing naphthyridine moieties: Synthesis, characterization, and biological screening
Authors: Hussein Mahmoud A. , Abdel‐Rahman Mona A. , Geies Ahmed A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA new series of heteroaromatic polyazomethines containing 1,8‐naphthyridine moieties in the polymer backbone were synthesized with a solution polycondensation technique. A new heteroaromatic monomer containing 1,8‐naphthyridine moieties (4‐ethoxy‐2,7‐dicarboxaldehyde‐1,8‐naphthyridine) was synthesized with an analogous synthetic sequence and confirmed by elemental and spectral data. The resulting polymers were characterized by elemental, spectral analyses, solubility and viscometry measurements. All the synthesized polyazomethines had better solubility in polar aportic solvents. The thermal properties of those polymers were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis, differential thermogravimetry, and differential thermal analysis measurements and correlated to their structural units. All the polymers had nearly similar maximum polymer decomposition temperatures, which were in the range 557–577°C. A very large difference between the glass transitions (92–222°C) was observed. In addition, with gel permeation chromatography, the molecular weight determination of selected examples of those polymers was evaluated. The values of the average molecular weight for polyazomethines 7b and 7c were 34,914 and 24,859, respectively. On the other hand, the biological screening of all of the synthesized polyazomethines was performed in variety of bacteria and fungi. Most of the polyazomethines showed a significant influence against Gram‐negative bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the most active polymers was 0.05 mg/mL. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Bone Marrow Stem Cell Abnormality and Diabetic Complications
Authors: Fujimiya Mineko , Nagaishi Kanna , Yamashita Tomohisa , Ataka Koji 
Published: March 2012

AbstractLong‐lasting diabetes impairs the function of multiple organs, which consists of degeneration of various tissues with increasing apoptosis of target cells. Recently, we found that hyperglycemia induced the appearance of abnormal cells in the bone marrow and cell fusion between bone marrow‐derived cells and hepatocytes, peripheral neural cells, or renal tubular cells occurred in diabetic animals. Fused cells in these organs expressed TNFα, and accelerated apoptosis, suggesting that these events might be a cause of diabetic complications. In this review, we propose a new concept that bone marrow stem cell abnormality causes diabetic complications, and this concept might provide new strategies for treatment of diabetes‐associated tissue damage. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enriched Environment Increases the Myelinated Nerve Fibers of Aged Rat Corpus Callosum
Authors: Zhao Yuan‐Yu , Shi Xiao‐Yan , Qiu Xuan , Lu Wei , Yang Shu , Li Chen , Chen Lin , Zhang Lei , Cheng Guo‐Hua , Tang Yong 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn this study, the effect of enriched environment (EE) on the spatial learning of aged rats was examined, and then the effects of EE on the aged corpus callosum (CC) were investigated by means of the modern stereological methods. We found that EE significantly improved the spatial learning of aged rats. The CC volume, the total volume of the myelinated fibers and total volume of the myelin sheaths in the CC, the total length of the myelinated fibers in the CC of enriched rats were significantly increased when compared to standard rats. The increase of the myelinated fibers in enriched rat CC might provide one of the structural bases for the enrichment‐related improvement of the spatial learning. This study provided, to the best of our knowledge, the first evidence of environmental enrichment‐induced increases of the CC and the myelinated fibers in the CC of aged rats. Anat Rec, , 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals Inc.