bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biological response of endothelial cells to diamond‐like carbon‐coated NiTi alloy
Authors: Hang Ruiqiang , Zhang Ming , Ma Shengli , Chu Paul K. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractDiamond‐like carbon (DLC) coatings were deposited on nearly equiatomic nickel‐titanium (NiTi) alloy by arc‐enhanced magnetron sputtering. The microstructure, surface morphology, chemical composition, surface free energy, protein adsorbance, and leach amount of Ni ions were assessed by Raman spectroscopy, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), contact angle measurements, micro BCA™ protein assay kit, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS). The biological response of the endothelial cells (ECs) was evaluated by cell adhesion, morphology, viability, and expression levels of thrombogenicity‐related genes. Our results show that the DLC coatings inhibit the release of Ni ions from the NiTi substrate effectively thus enhancing its biosafety. The easy adhesion, elongated morphology, and high viability of ECs on the DLC coatings suggest fast endothelialization after implantation and so application of DLC coatings improves the surface properties of NiTi in cardiovascular applications. The relationship between the surface characteristics, Ni leaching, and concomitant biological response are discussed in details. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2012.
Modulation of angiogenesis by dietary phytoconstituents in the prevention and intervention of breast cancer
Authors: Reuben Sharon C. , Gopalan Ashwin , Petit Danielle M. , Bishayee Anupam 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBreast cancer is the leading cause of cancer‐related deaths for women in the United States and the rest of the world. About 8% of women develop breast cancer during the course of their lives. Dietary habits are closely associated with both the risk and progression of breast cancer. Dietary agents have accumulated increasing importance with regards to the prevention and treatment of breast cancer. One such manner by which these compounds can target breast cancer development and progression is through interference with the angiogenic pathways. Angiogenesis is an intricate process that involves the development of new capillaries from previously existing blood vessels. Disruption of this pathway, therefore, provides a novel and effective avenue for therapeutic intervention of breast cancer. Various phytochemicals found in the diet kill breast cancer cells in vitro and prevent as well as suppress breast cancer progression in various preclinical animal models. This review examines the value of dietary phytoconstituents in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer through modulation of the intricate and complex process of angiogenesis. In addition, the potential benefits, challenges, and future directions of research on anti‐angiogenic dietary phytochemicals in the prevention and intervention of breast cancer are also addressed.
On the minimum cut separator problem
Authors: Ben‐Ameur Walid , Didi Biha Mohamed 
Published: November 2011

AbstractGiven G = (V,E) an undirected graph and two specified nonadjacent nodes a and b of V, a cut separator is a subset F =δ (C) ⊆ E such that a,b∈V / C and a and b belong to different connected components of the graph induced by V / C. Given a non‐negative cost vector
\documentclass{article} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{amsmath, amssymb} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \begin{align*}c\in\mathbb{R}^{|E|}_{+}\end{align*} \end{document}, the cut separator problem is to find a cut separator of minimum cost. This new problem can be seen as a generalization of the vertex separator problem. In this article, we give a polynomial time algorithm for this problem. We also present six equivalent linear programming formulations, and we show their tightness. Using these results we obtain an explicit short polyhedral description of the dominant of the cut separator polytope. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2012
Branch‐and‐cut and hybrid local search for the multi‐level capacitated minimum spanning tree problem
Authors: Uchoa Eduardo , Toffolo Túlio A. M. , de Souza Mauricio C. , Martins Alexandre X. , Fukasawa Ricardo 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe propose algorithms to compute tight lower bounds and high quality upper bounds (UBs) for the multilevel capacitated minimum spanning tree problem. We first develop a branch‐and‐cut algorithm, introducing some new features: (i) the exact separation of cuts corresponding to some master equality polyhedra found in the formulation; (ii) the separation of Fenchel cuts, solving LPs considering all the possible solutions restricted to small portions of the graph. We then use that branch‐and‐cut within a GRASP that performs moves by solving to optimality subproblems corresponding to partial solutions. The computational experiments were conducted on 450 benchmark instances from the literature. Numerical results show improved best known (UBs) for almost all instances that could not be solved to optimality. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2012
Preparation of poly(methyl methacrylate)–poly(acrylonitrile‐co‐butadiene) core–shell nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Hui , Pan Qinmin , Hammond Michael , Rempel Garry L. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPoly(methyl methacrylate)–poly(acrylonitrile‐co‐butadiene) (PMMA–NBR) core–shell structured nanoparticles were prepared using a two‐stage semibatch microemulsion polymerization system with PMMA and NBR as the core and shell, respectively. The Gemini surfactant 12‐3‐12 was used as the emulsifier and found to impose a pronounced influence on the formation of core–shell nanoparticles. The spherical morphology of core–shell nanoparticles was observed. It was found that there exists an optimal MMA addition amount, which can result in the minimized size of PMMA–NBR core–shell nanoparticles. The formation mechanism of the core–shell structure and the interaction between the core and shell domains was illustrated. The PMMA–NBR nanosize latex can be used as the substrate for the following direct latex hydrogenation catalyzed by Wilkinson's catalyst to prepare the PMMA–HNBR (hydrogenated NBR) core–shell nanoparticles. The hydrogenation rate is rapid. In the absence of any organic solvent, the PMMA–HNBR nanoparticles with a size of 30.6 nm were obtained within 3 h using 0.9 wt % Wilkinson's catalyst at 130 °C under 1000 psi of H2. This study provides a new perspective in the chemical modification of NBR and shows promise in the realization of a “green” process for the commercial hydrogenation of unsaturated elastomers. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Engineering a sharp physiological transition state for poly(n‐isopropylacrylamide) through structural control
Authors: Chang Kai , Dicke Zachary T. , Taite Lakeshia J. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPoly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAAm), a well‐studied, biologically inert polymer that undergoes a sharp aqueous thermal transition at 32 °C, has been a subject of widespread interest for possible biological applications. A major hindrance to its successful application is due to the difficulty of maintaining a sharp transition when the polymer is modified for a physiological transition temperature, especially in isotonic solutions. Current copolymer blends raise the transition temperature but also make the transition significantly broader. We have combined the use of reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization with tacticity control to synthesize well‐defined pNIPAAm that demonstrates sharp transitions under physiological conditions. By selecting a RAFT agent with appropriate end groups, controlling molecular weight, and increasing the racemo diad content, we were able to increase the thermal transition temperature of pure pNIPAAm to a sharp transition at 37.6 °C under isotonic conditions. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
White organic light‐emitting diodes based on C545T doped emitting system
Authors: Lin Hua‐Ping , Zhou Fan , Li Jun , Zhang Xiao‐Wen , Zhang Liang , Jiang Xue‐Yin , Zhang Zhi‐Lin , Zhang Jian‐Hua 
Published: November 2011

AbstractFluorescent white organic light‐emitting diodes (WOLEDs) with single‐emitting layer (EML) and double‐EML structures were demonstrated using a 2,3,6,7‐tetrahydro‐1,1,7,7,‐tetramethyl‐1H,5H,11H‐10(2‐benzothiazolyl)quinolizine‐[9,9a,1gh]coumarin (C545T) doped emitting system. With the incorporation of double‐EML structure, white emission with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) color coordinates of (0.331, 0.335) and luminous efficiency of 8.04 cd/A was obtained. Moreover, WOLED with a single‐EML structure shows superior electroluminescence performances such as lower voltage, higher luminance, and enhanced power efficiency. These improvements are attributed to its high energy transfer ability via the intermediation of C545T. The Forster's radius was given to clarify the actual energy transfer process.
Monolithic integration of semipolar pyramidal LEDs with tailored wavelengths
Authors: Sugiyama Masakazu , Fujiwara Tatsuki , Nakano Yoshiaki 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAiming at monolithic in‐plane integration of light emitters with multiple wavelengths in a designed manner, InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) on the semipolar planes of GaN hexagonal pyramids were grown in selective growth windows surrounded by the masks with varied widths (40‐240 μm). Growth rate of the pyramid was modulated by a factor of 3 with an increase in the mask width. Its tendency was in accordance with the accumulation of a precursor in the vicinity of the selective area, which was numerically estimated assuming vapour‐phase diffusion and surface incorporation of the precursor. Peak wavelength modulation in both cathode luminescence and electro luminescence from the MQWs were observed, and both peaks exhibited similar dependencies on the mask width, which was related to an increase in the thickness of InGaN wells. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Improved surface morphology and mobility of AlGaN/GaN HEMT grown on silicon substrate
Authors: Zhu Xueliang , Ma Jun , Huang Tongde , Li Ming , Wong Ka Ming , Lau Kei May 
Published: November 2011

AbstractHigh mobility AlGaN/GaN HEMT was grown on silicon substrates by MOCVD. Smooth and crack‐free wafers were obtained by implementation of an AlN/AlGaN super‐lattice interlayer. We also found that the carrier gases have a great influence on the surface morphology of the AlGaN barrier. With a proper ratio of carrier gases, the AlGaN surface is significantly improved. With other optimized growth conditions, the electron mobility of HEMT can be as high as 1650 cm2/Vs. HEMT devices are also fabricatied and the reverse biased gate leakage current was reduced to 6.5 μA/mm at Vgs = ‐35 V. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Large coseismic displacements and tall buildings
Authors: Ventura Carlos E. , Archila Manuel , Bebamzadeh Armin , Liam Finn W. D. 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYSeismic demands imposed on tall buildings are sensitive to long‐period ground motions. A source of these motions can be near‐fault effects: rupture directivity and fling step (large coseismic displacements). The potential adverse effects of near‐fault motions on structures have been attributed to rupture directivity in previous studies. However, the influence of large coseismic displacement on tall building seismic response has not been widely investigated. This study explores the influence of coseismic displacements on the nonlinear response of tall buildings. Several nonlinear time history analyses were performed to evaluate the response of a reinforced concrete tall building to coseismic displacements. The ground motions used for these analyses were recorded in the proximity of faults where large coseismic displacements have been observed. Recorded motions from the Landers earthquake (1992), Kocaeli earthquake (1999), Tohoku earthquake (2011) and Chi‐Chi earthquake (1999) were selected for this study. The results from a parametric study of the response of a single‐degree‐of‐freedom system showed that the influence of the fling on the system response is dependent on (a) the ratio of fling rise time to the fundamental period of the system and (b) the yielding resistance of the structure. At the onset of yielding, the fling step can further drive the system into very large displacements. The results from the case study indicate a significant increase on the seismic response of a tall building when the fling effect is included in the ground motions. This issue is a concern for tall buildings in regions where faults are not mapped to a great extent and near‐fault fling effect could be produced by a large magnitude earthquake. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Binäre Lanthan‐Stannide mit Sn:La‐Verhältnissen nahe 1:1 – Synthesen, Kristallstrukturen, Chemische Bindung
Authors: Dürr Ines , Röhr Caroline 
Published: November 2011

AbstractFour binary lanthanum stannides close to the 1:1 ratio of Sn:La were synthesized from mixtures of the elements. The structures of the compounds have been determined by means of single‐crystal X‐ray data. The low temperature (α) form of LaSn (CrB‐type, orthorhombic, space group Cmcm, a = 476.33(6), b = 1191.1(2), c = 440.89(6) pm, Z = 4, R1 = 0.0247), crystallizes with the CrB‐type. The structure exhibits planar tin zigzag chains with a Sn–Sn bond length of 299.1 pm. In contrast to the electron precise Zintl compounds of the alkaline earth elements, additional La–Sn bonding contributions become apparent from the results of band structure calculations. In the somewhat tin‐richer region, the new compound La3Sn4 (orthorhombic, space group Cmcm, a = 451.45(4), b = 1190.44(9), c = 1583.8(2) pm, Z = 4, R1 = 0.0674), crystallizing with the Er3Ge4 structure type, exhibits Sn3 segments of the zigzag chains of α‐LaSn together with a further Sn atom in a square planar Sn coordination with increased Sn–Sn bond lengths. In the Lanthanum‐richer region, La11Sn10 (tetragonal, space group I4/mmm, a = 1208.98(5), c = 1816.60(9) pm, Z = 4, R1 = 0.0325) forms the undistorted tetragonal Ho11Ge10 structure type. Its structure, which contains isolated Sn atoms, [Sn2] dumbbells and planar [Sn4] rings is related to the high temperature (β) form of LaSn. The structure of β‐LaSn (space group Cmmm, a = 1766.97(6), b = 1768.28(5), c = 1194.32(3) pm, Z = 60, R1 = 0.0453), which forms a singular structure type, can be derived from that of La11Sn10 by the removal of thin slabs. Due to the different stacking of the remaining layers, planar [Sn4] chain segments and linear [Sn–Sn–Sn] anions are formed as additional structural elements. The chemical bonding (Sn–Sn covalent bonding, Sn–La contributions) is discussed on the basis of the simple Zintl concept and the results of FP‐LAPW calculations (density of states, band structure, valence electron densities and electron localization function).
Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of RuII Complexes with Trimethylsilylethinylamidinate Ligands
Authors: Seidel Wolfram W. , Dachtler Woldemar , Pape Tania 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe mononuclear amidinate complexes [(η6‐cymene)‐RuCl(1a)] (2) and [(η6‐C6H6)RuCl(1b)] (3), with the trimethylsilyl‐ethinylamidinate ligands [Me3SiC≡CC(N‐c‐C6H11)2]– (1a–) and[Me3SiC≡CC(N‐i‐C3H7)2]– (1b–) were synthesized in high yields by salt metathesis. In addition, the related phosphane complexes[(η5‐C5H5)Ru(PPh3)(1b)] (4a) [(η5‐C5Me5)Ru(PPh3)(1b)] (4b), and [(η6‐C6H6)Ru(PPh3)(1b)](BF4) (5‐BF4) were prepared by ligand exchange reactions. Investigations on the removal of the trimethyl‐silyl group using [Bu4N]F resulted in the isolation of [(η6‐C6H6)Ru(PPh3){(N‐i‐C3H7)2CC≡CH}](BF4) (6‐BF4) bearing a terminal alkynyl hydrogen atom, while 2 and 3 revealed to yield intricate reaction mixtures. Compounds 1a/b to 6‐BF4 were characterized by multinuclear NMR (1H, 13C, 31P) and IR spectroscopy and elemental analyses, including X‐ray diffraction analysis of 1b, 2, and 3.
Living Donor Right Hepatectomy Using the Hanging Maneuver by Glisson’s Approach Under the Upper Midline Incision
Authors: Kim Seong Hoon , Kim Young Kyu 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to introduce an advanced technique for the best living donor right hepatectomy (LDRH) using the hanging maneuver by Glisson’s approach under an upper midline incision.MethodsFrom January 2005 to February 2010, a total of 196 consecutive LDRHs have been performed at the National Cancer Center, Korea. To assess the overall outcomes of LDRH done with two significant technical developments—the upper midline incision and the initial Glisson’s approach—we performed a comparative analysis involving all consecutive living donors, who we divided into three groups based on the two technical modifications over 5 years.ResultsCompared with the previous two groups, the third group of 32 consecutive living donors, from September 2009 to February 2010, demonstrated shorter operative time, shorter duration of hospital stay, and lower complication rate with no operative mortality, major morbidity, blood transfusion, or reoperation. All donors were fully recovered and returned to their previous activities.ConclusionsThis LDRH using the hanging maneuver by Glisson’s approach can be completed safely and effectively with good outcomes through an upper midline incision above the umbilicus, which may be a new milestone toward the best LDRH that donor surgeons can pursue.
Pressure Ulcer Prevalence and Risk Factors During Prolonged Surgical Procedures
Authors: Primiano Mike , Friend Michael , McClure Connie , Nardi Scott , Fix Lisa , Schafer Marianne , Savochka Kathlyn , McNett Molly 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPressure ulcer formation related to positioning while in the OR increases the length of hospital stay and hospital costs, but there is little evidence documenting how positioning devices used in the OR influence pressure ulcer development when examined with traditional risk factors. The aim of this prospective cohort study was to identify the prevalence of and risk factors associated with pressure ulcer development among patients undergoing surgical procedures lasting longer than three hours. Participants included all adult same‐day admission patients scheduled for a three‐hour surgical procedure during an eight‐month period (N = 258). Data were gathered preoperatively, intraoperatively, and postoperatively on pressure ulcer risk factors. Bivariate analyses indicated that the type of positioning (ie, heels elevated) (χ2 = 7.897, P = .048), OR bed surface (ie, foam table pad) (χ2 = 15.848, P = .000), skin assessment in the postanesthesia care unit (χ2 = 41.652, P = .000), and male gender (χ2 = 6.984, P = .030) were associated with pressure ulcer development. Logistic regression analyses indicated that the use of a foam pad (β = 2.691, P = .024) and a lower day‐one Braden score (β = .244, P = .003) were predictive of pressure ulcers.
A Late-Roman Silver Ingot from Kent
Authors: Painter K. S. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryA late-Roman silver ingot from Kent has recently come to light. It weighs one Roman pound and is stamped EX OFF CVRMISSI. All such ingots seem likely to have been distributed as imperial donatives to troops in the fourth century. They are related to presentation silver plate and other gifts of this type, and more than forty silver ingots are now known from the European Roman provinces. The only other known stamp by Curmissus—or perhaps the curator missionum—is on a broken ingot in the hoard from Coleraine, Co. Londonderry.
A Socketed Iron Axe from Maids Moreton, Buckinghamshire, with a note on the type
Authors: Manning W. H. , Saunders C. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThe socketed iron axe from Maid's Moreton is the largest example of a group of at least 21 such axes found in the British Isles. They can be divided into two classes by the presence, or absence, of a loop on the side of the socket. The looped form is the commonest and of British origin; the unlooped axes can be compared to Continental examples. The dating evidence for these axes is inadequate but does suggest that they were in use throughout the whole of the pre-Roman Iron Age. The shaft hole axe is less common than the socketed axe in the pre-Roman Iron Age and appears to have been introduced late in the period.
The Late Iron Age Metalwork from Bulbury, Dorset
Authors: Cunliffe Barry 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThe collection of iron, bronze, and glass found in Bulbury, Dorset, in 1881 is discussed in detail. It is considered to date to the early first century A.D.The nature of the deposit is uncertain, but the possibility is examined that the finds divide into three categories: (a) fittings of a male burial, (b) fittings of a female burial, and (c) an ironsmith's stock in trade. Further excavation is called for.
The Greek Metrological Relief in Oxford
Authors: Fernie Eric 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThe demeanour of the figure represented on the Greek metrological relief in the Ashmolean Museum indicates that it must have been made before the Athenian decree regulating weights and measures, variously dated between 449 and 420 B.C. All the dimensions of the slab imply the use of a cubit of 52·3 cm, the length of the Egyptian royal cubit which in a Greek context suggests a provenance on Samos. Finally, the slab was not used for the practical purpose of comparing or checking measures. The width and the angle of the surface point to its being set over a door, perhaps the entrance to a room devoted to the control of weights and measures.
Excavations at Gloucester, 1971–1973: Second Interim Report
Authors: Hurst Henry 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThe work of 1971–3 has produced a variety of important results. The Roman defences and defended area sequences set out in the first report have been confirmed with modifications of detail. New evidence has been found for the nature and extent of the Roman city outside the defended area: there are now the first hints of Roman planning in the St. Catherine Street—Hare Lane area and in Lower Northgate Street there was at least one monumental building and a street-side colonnade. Sub-Roman occupation has been recorded at 13–17 Berkeley Street. New evidence has been obtained for the possible first phase of Gloucester castle and the development of the medieval defences. The excavated evidence for the medieval occupation at 13–17 Berkeley Street has been combined with, and partly reinterpreted in the light of documentary evidence. At 82–4 Northgate Street the standing remains of a sixteenth-century and later building were recorded and its site excavated and related to documentary evidence. In the light of new discoveries, accounts are also given of St. Bartholemew's Hospital, the river Severn, and its two main medieval bridges within the city bounds.
Castle Tower, Penmaen: A Norman Ring-work in Glamorgan
Authors: Alcock Leslie , Talbot E. J. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryCastle Tower, a ring-work of Norman character, was shown by excavation to have two main structural phases, dated by pottery to XII—early XIII century A.D. In the first phase, there was an elaborate timber gate-tower, and wooden buildings in the interior. After the gate had been burned down, the entrance was refashioned in stone, and a dry stone hall was constructed.