bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retention of Emergency Care Knowledge
Authors: Burckes Mardie E. , Shao Kung Ping Pam 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTThis study provided data on the emergency care knowledge of students as measured by a pretest, posttest, and retention test. Fifty college students were the sample. The mean score for pretest was 62, posttest 86.75, and retention test 83.6. Pearson correlations were calculated for pretest, posttest, and retention test pairwisely. Data analyses revealed that all correlations were significantly greater than zero at the .05 level. A high relationship existed between students' posttest scores and retention test scores. ANOVA was used to gather information to determine if significant differences in students' first aid knowledge existed between the posttest and the retention test. Findings indicated that there was a significant difference between the emergency care knowledge scores of students when comparing the posttest to the retention test.
Developing, Implementing, and Evaluating a Wellness Education Program
Authors: Papenfuss Richard , Beier Barbara J. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTA Wellness Behavior Inventory and a wellness education program were developed and implemented to determine the effectiveness of the program in changing 10th grade students' attitudes and behaviors concerning wellness. Experimental (N = 24) and control (N = 24) groups completed the Attitudinal Inventory of Wellness and the Wellness Behavior Inventory developed by the researchers as a pretest, four week later as a posttest, and an additional four weeks later as a post‐posttest. The experimental group participated in the four‐week, 800‐minute educational program between the pretest and posttest, while the control group received no intervening treatment. Groups were matched by age, IQ, and sex. The research concluded that the education program was effective in enhancing positive attitudes and behaviors toward wellness among selected 10th grade students. A follow‐up study was conducted and an additional questionnaire was used to identify encouragers and/or discouragers for participants who continued to practice or not practice wellness behavior.
Sharing the Vision: Healthy, Achieving Students What Can Schools Do?
Authors: Caccamo James M. 
Published: October 2009

It was a beautiful spring day. The sky was a deep azure with not a cloud in sight. The cool breeze was gently flowing over two friends who were wading into the stream for a relaxing morning of trout fishing. Calmly and with rhythmic grace, the two cast their flies with great expectation.Suddenly, one of the fishermen spotted a baby floating down the stream. He threw his rod on the bank and ran to pull the baby out of the stream. Placing the baby on the bank, he noticed another floating down the stream. In a panic, he rushed back into the water to retrieve that baby. When he had placed the second baby safely on the bank, he noticed a third and a fourth floating in the stream.His friend, who was still fishing, quietly walked out of the water, gently placed his rod on the bank and began walking upstream. The fisherman who was frantically trying to save the babies yelled, “Where are you going? I need your help to save these babies.” His buddy turned and said, “I am going upstream to stop the person who is putting the babies in the water.”
Asthma Outcomes at an Inner‐City School‐Based Health Center
Authors: Lurie Nicole , Bauer Ellen Jones , Brady Cynthia 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTChildhood asthma has reached near‐epidemic levels in the US cities. Innovative strategies to identify children with asthma and prevent asthma morbidity are needed. This study measured asthma outcomes after initiation of an inner‐city elementary school health center with a schoolwide focus on asthma detection and treatment. The site was an inner‐city elementary school in Minneapolis, Minn. The study design incorporated a pre and post comparison with a longitudinal cohort of children (n=67) and a cross‐sectional cohort of children before (n=156) and after (n=114) the intervention. Hospitalization rates for asthma decreased 75% to 80% over the study period. Outpatient visits for care in the absence of asthma symptoms doubled (p<.01), and the percentage of students seeing a specialist for asthma increased (p<.01). Use of peak flow meters, use of asthma care plans, and use of inhalers also improved (p<.01). While no change occurred in school absenteeism, parents reported that their children had less awakening with asthma and that asthma was less disruptive to family plans. This schoolwide intervention that included identification of children with asthma, education, family support, and clinical care using an elementary school health center was effective in improving asthma outcomes for children.
Support for Instruction About Homosexuality in South Carolina Public Schools
Authors: Lindley Lisa L. , Reininger Belinda M. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTResearch has demonstrated that recognition of sexual orientation begins in adolescence. However, students who identify as gay or lesbian report that the subject of homosexuality is virtually absent from classroom instruction. In South Carolina public schools, the subject of homosexuality may not be discussed except during instruction about sexually transmitted diseases. In 1997, survey data were obtained from 534 South Carolina registered voters to determine level of support for school‐based sexuality education, including support for instruction about homosexuality. Overall, support for sexuality education was strong, however, homosexuality was the least‐supported subject in the survey. In addition, registered voters were less sure as to what grade level instruction about homosexuality should begin. Characteristics of voters who supported and opposed instruction about homosexuality in the public schools were examined and compared. These data may be useful in building support for sexuality education programs that address this controversial topic.
Patterns of Health‐Risk Behavior Among Japanese High School Students
Authors: Takakura Minoru , Nagayama Tomoko , Sakihara Seizo , Willcox Craig 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTThis study explored patterns of health‐risk behaviors among Japanese high school students and examined if a cluster and an accumulation of health‐risk behaviors existed. Self‐administered questionnaires were employed in 1999 using a sample of 1,466 students (male 50.5%, female 49.5%) in grades 10 through 12 at seven public senior high schools in Okinawa, Japan. Health‐risk behaviors studied included cigarette smoking, alcohol use, thinner use, nonuse of seat belts, suicide ideation, sexual intercourse, weight loss practices, and physical inactivity. Among male and female students, cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and sexual intercourse clustered. Accumulation of these risk behaviors also occurred because the observed proportion was greater than the expected proportion assuming independent occurrence. Vocational high school students and upper graders were strongly associated with accumulation of health risk behaviors. These findings identify a high‐risk target group among Japanese adolescents and suggest that preventive intervention strategies should take into consideration the cluster and accumulation of health‐risk behaviors.
Prevalence and Correlates of Sunscreen Use Among US High School Students
Authors: Hall H. Irene , Jones Sherry Everett , Saraiya Mona 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTSun exposure during childhood and adolescence increases the risk of skin cancer later in life. To determine the prevalence and correlates of sunscreen use among US high school students, researchers assessed data on sunscreen use, demographic characteristics, and health behaviors obtained from the 1999 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS). This survey used a three‐stage cluster sample design to produce a nationally representative sample of students in grades 9–12 (N=15,349). Overall, 13.3% (95% confidence interval, +1.3) of students used sunscreen always or most of the time (ie, frequent use). Frequent sunscreen use was lower among males (8.6%, +1.2) than females (18.1%, +1.9) and among Blacks (4.8%, +1.7) and Hispanics (10.8%, +2.8) than Whites (16.5%, +1.9). Frequent sunscreen use decreased with age. Infrequent use of sunscreen was associated with other risky health behaviors, such as driving after drinking or riding in a car with a drinking driver, smoking cigarettes, being sexually active, and being physically inactive. Results indicate a need for health education interventions addressing sunscreen use that target high school students.
Effectiveness of a Health Course at Influencing Preservice Teachers' Attitudes Toward Teaching Health
Authors: Myers‐Clack Susan A. , Christopher Suzanne E. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTResearch has shown that effective school health education depends on the effectiveness of health training for prospective teachers. This research tested the effectiveness of a university course in preparing preservice teachers in the area of school health. Education majors enrolled in the course “Drug and Health Issues for Educators” at Montana State University were administered a pretest/posttest questionnaire at the beginning and end of spring semester 2000 to gather data for testing five hypotheses. Analyses were conducted on 119‐paired samples. The course appeared effective at influencing how a preservice teacher values health education in the school, their intentions to include and confidence in including health in their teaching, and their ability to provide a student with information on personal health issues.
A Sport‐Based Intervention for Preventing Alcohol Use and Promoting Physical Activity Among Adolescents
Authors: Werch Chudley (Chad) , Moore Michele , DiClemente Carlo C. , Owen Deborah M. , Jobli Edessa , Bledsoe Rhonda 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTThis study tested the potential of a novel intervention addressing alcohol prevention within the context of a sport program. Study participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups, with one group receiving the sport consultation (Sport), a second the sport consultation plus an alcohol consultation (Sport Plus), and a third a sport consultation, alcohol consultation, and mailed parent print materials (Sport Plus Parent). Researchers recruited 465 eighth graders from three schools in the northeast Florida region to participate in the study. The Youth Alcohol and Health Survey' was used to collect data on alcohol and drug consumption, alcohol use risk and protective factors, and exercise habits at baseline and three‐month post‐intervention. Significant time effects (p's < .05) were found on three of six alcohol measures, both exercise measures, and four risk/protective factors, with all but one risk factor showing improvements over time. Time by assignment by current drinking status (yes/no) interaction effects (p'. < .05) were found on alcohol initiation, length of alcohol use, quantity, heavy use, moderate physical activity, and four risk/protective factors, with preintervention drinking adolescents exposed to the Sport intervention showing the greatest improvements on all hut two measures. Findings suggest that a brief sport‐based screen and consultation tailored to adolescents' health habits, with and without parent materials, may potentially reduce alcohol use while increasing exercise frequency.
Issues of Medication Administration and Control in Iowa Schools
Authors: Farris Karen B. , McCarthy Ann Marie , Kelly Michael W. , Clay Daniel , Gross Jami N. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTWho is responsible for medication administration at school? To answer this question, a descriptive, self‐administered survey was mailed to a random sample of 850 school principals in Iowa. The eight‐page, 57‐item, anonymous survey was mailed first class, and a follow‐up reminder post card was mailed two weeks later. Descriptive analyses were conducted, with type of respondent (principal versus school nurse), grade level, and size of school examined to explore differences. A 46.6% response rate was obtained; 97% of respondents indicated their schools had written guidelines for medication administration. Principals (41%) and school nurses (34%) reported that they have the ultimate legal responsibility for medication administration. Policies for medication administration on field trips were available in schools of 73.6% of respondents. High schools were more likely to allow self‐medication than other grade levels. “Missed dose” was the most common medication error. The main reasons contributing to medication administration errors included poor communication among school, family, and healthcare providers, and the increased number of students on medication. It remains unclear who holds ultimate repsonsibility for medication administration in schools. Written policies typically exist for medication administration at school, but not field trips. Communicating medication changes to schools, and ensuring medications are available at school, likely can reduce medication administration errors.
Impact of the Life Skills Training Curriculum on Middle School Students Tobacco Use in Marion County, Indiana, 1997–2000
Authors: Zollinger Terrell W. , Saywell Robert M. , Muegge Carolyn M. , Wooldridge J. Scott , Cummings Sandra F. , Caine Virginia A. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTEvaluation of school‐based tobacco prevention and control programs have yielded mixed results. This study assessed the impact of the Life Skills Training curriculum on Marion County, Ind., middle school students' knowledge, attitudes, and ability to make good lifestyle decisions. From 1997 to 2000, students in grades six to eight in the study schools received the Life Skills Training curriculum. Survey data (n = 1,598) were used to compare tobacco use behavior, attitudes, and knowledge of those exposed with those not exposed to the program. Of the students surveyed, 12.5% were currently smoking. There were significantly fewer current smokers, and more students exposed to the program indicated they intended to stay smoke‐free. Fewer of those participating in the program “hung out” with smokers and more said they could easily refuse a cigarette if offered one. Students completing the Life Skills Training curriculum were more knowledgeable about the health effects of smoking. Program effects were different for male and female students as well as for White and Black students.
Teacher Perceptions and Practices Regarding School Bullying Prevention
Authors: Dake Joseph A. , Price James H. , Telljohann Susan K. , Funk Jeanne B. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTThis study examined a national random sample of teachers regarding their perceptions and practices concerning school bullying prevention activities. A total of 359 of 700 (52.4%) teachers responded. Most (86.3%) teachers had serious talks with both the bully and victim. Less than one‐third set aside classroom time to discuss bullying (31.7%) or involved students in creating classroom rules against bullying (31.2%). Most perceived no barriers to implementing these activities. Teachers perceived post‐bullying activities as the most effective means of reducing bullying problems, followed by improved student supervision, and by environmental bullying prevention activities. The findings suggest that preprofessional and continuing education are needed to improve teacher knowledge about effective classroom‐based bullying prevention activities.
Mediating Among Scientists: A Mental Model of Expert Practice
Authors: Kressel Kenneth , Gadlin Howard 
Published: October 2009

AbstractDespite the considerable research on mediator behavior, the cognitive structures and processes that presumably guide the strategic and tactical choices of professional mediators are poorly understood. The current study made use of a reflective case study method to explore in considerable detail the strategic thinking of five experienced mediators. The project was conducted at the National Institutes of Health whose Office of the Ombudsman (OO) mediates disputes among the institute’s scientists. Eighteen cases were studied. The thinking of the mediators in these cases displayed regularities that are described in terms of the ombuds team’s working mental model of mediation. The mental model consists of two strongly contrasting intervention scripts: a deep problem‐solving script (DPS) focused on identifying and addressing latent issues of an interpersonal or systemic kind and a tactical problem‐solving script (TPS) focusing instead on the issues as presented by the parties. The tactical script was applied in either an integrative bargaining mode or a more distributive quasi‐arbitration approach. The choice of which script to follow in a given case is determined by first order decision rules concerning the existence and nature of any latent problems that may be present, and second order decision rules concerning the parties’ capacity to engage in “deep” problem‐solving. Despite their very different foci, both DPS and TPS appear to follow the same metascript of problem‐solving stages, beginning with an intensive diagnostic phase during which the decision rules are applied and a script “selection” is made. DPS is the preferred intervention mode of team members. Every case began with at least a preliminary effort to search for and address latent causes, and team members expressed dissatisfaction if they could not apply DPS in cases where latent problems were thought to be fueling the conflict. However, ombudsmen used the scripts flexibly and switched to TPS if DPS was unnecessary or impractical. Both scripts produced agreements that were useful to the parties and to the institution’s scientific purposes, particularly the fostering of scientific competence. The mental model is heavily shaped by the social context in which the ombudsmen function. Thus, the primacy of DPS in the model appears to be due to the fact that the ombudsmen are “repeat players” in the life of the NIH and therefore in a position to become adept at recognizing the latent sources of its dysfunctional conflicts, are under a strong role mandate as ombudsmen to pay attention to covert patterns of organizational dysfunction, and deal with disputants pressed to address latent issues blocking scientific work.
The myth of the Brooks method of embolization: a brief history of the endovascular treatment of carotid–cavernous sinus fistula
Authors: Vitek J J , Smith M J 
Published: October 2009

ObjectiveTo correct the historical notion that permeates throughout the neurointerventional surgical literature that Dr Barney Brooks was the founder of the specialty.Material and methodsBoth articles written by Dr B Brooks and all pertinent literature dealing with neurointerventional treatment of the carotid–cavernous sinus fistula (CCSF) were reviewed.ResultsThe notion that Dr B Brooks was the first to use the embolization method to treat the CCSF was based on misinterpretation of his papers published in 1930 and on ‘second generation’ references used by subsequent authors.ConclusionDr B Brooks never described embolization of the CCSF by a ‘free’ piece of muscle introduced into the internal carotid artery (ICA).
Spiral Waves and Reentry Dynamics in an In Vitro Model of the Healed Infarct Border Zone
Authors: Chang Marvin G. , Zhang Yibing , Chang Connie Y. , Xu Linmiao , Emokpae Roland , Tung Leslie , Marbán Eduardo , Abraham M. Roselle 
Published: October 2009

Rationale:Reentry underlies most ventricular tachycardias (VTs) seen postmyocardial infarction (MI). Mapping studies reveal that the majority of VTs late post-MI arise from the infarct border zone (IBZ).Objective:To investigate reentry dynamics and the role of individual ion channels on reentry in in vitro models of the “healed” IBZ.Methods and Results:We designed in vitro models of the healed IBZ by coculturing skeletal myotubes with neonatal rat ventricular myocytes and performed optical mapping at high temporal and spatial resolution.In culture, neonatal rat ventricular myocytes mature to form striated myocytes and electrically uncoupled skeletal myotubes simulate fibrosis seen in the healed IBZ. High resolution mapping revealed that skeletal myotubes produced localized slowing of conduction velocity (CV), increased dispersion of CV and directional-dependence of activation delay without affecting myocyte excitability. Reentry was easily induced by rapid pacing in cocultures; treatment with lidocaine, a Na+channel blocker, significantly decreased reentry rate and CV, increased reentry path length and terminated 30% of reentrant arrhythmias (n=18). In contrast, nitrendipine, an L-type Ca2+channel blocker terminated 100% of reentry episodes while increasing reentry cycle length and path length and decreasing reentry CV (n=16). K+channel blockers increased reentry action potential duration but infrequently terminated reentry (n=12).Conclusions:Cocultures reproduce several architectural and electrophysiological features of the healed IBZ. Reentry termination by L-type Ca2+channel, but not Na+channel, blockers suggests a greater Ca2+-dependence of propagation. These results may help explain the low efficacy of pure Na+channel blockers in preventing and terminating clinical VTs late after MI.
Data-Based Interval Hitting Program for Female College Volleyball Players
Authors: Hurd Wendy , Hunter-Giordano Airelle , Axe Michael , Snyder-Mackler Lynn 
Published: October 2009

Context: Interval sports programs are a critical rehabilitation element when preparing the injured athlete for a return to preinjury activities. There is currently no published interval hitting program to guide a return to unrestricted play for the volleyball athlete. Therefore, data-based, position-specific overhead hitting programs that control for intensity, time, and number of ball strikes were developed for female college volleyball players. Evidence Acquisition: Records from a single Division I varsity women’s volleyball team were examined for all matches during 7 consecutive years of team play. Data were collected for number of hitting and service attempts per game for each position and the number of games per match. Results: Per game, middle hitters averaged 4.51 attacks and 2.77 service attempts; right-side hitters, 3.58 attacks and 1.26 service attempts; outside hitters, 6.37 attacks and 3.44 service attempts; and setters and defensive specialists, 0.17 attacks and 1.78 service attempts. Conclusion: The interval hitting program can provide rehabilitation specialists with a data-based approach that may facilitate a return to play and minimize the risk of reinjury for volleyball athletes.