bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Malocclusion prevalence in an ethnic Chinese population
Authors: Lew K. K. , Foong W. C. , Loh E. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPopulation norms derived from one ethnic group may not necessarily be valid and accurate for other ethnic groups. With the increasing number of ethnic Chinese immigrants in Australia, Europe, and America, it would be useful for dental practitioners to be informed about malocclusion prevalence among Chinese. This study was carried out on 1050 Chinese school children (aged 12–14 years) to assess both qualitatively and quantitatively certain occlusal features. The population was found to have a high incidence of Class III malocclusions compared with Caucasians. However, the incidence of Class II malocclusions was quite similar to those reported in Caucasians. Normal occlusions occurred in about 7 per cent of this population. Although this percentage was much lower than those reported in blacks, it was similar to those reported in Caucasians. Crowding occurred in about 50 per cent of cases, which was slightly less than for those reported for Caucasians. Increased overbites were also less common in this Chinese population compared with Caucasians. Compared with Caucasians, cross‐bites were also less frequent in this Chinese population.
Developmental disturbances of permanent teeth following trauma to the primary dentition
Authors: von Arx Thomas 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe topographic relationship of the apices of the primary teeth to the permanent tooth germs explains the potential for possible developmental disturbances of the permanent teeth after injuries to their predecessors. The anatomical, histologic and clinical aspects of permanent tooth malformation following trauma to the primary teeth are described. One hundred and fourteen children with originally 255 traumatized primary teeth have been re‐examined (with an average period of 5.1 years after the trauma) to assess any developmental disturbances of the corresponding permanent teeth. Twenty‐three per cent of partially or completely erupted permanent teeth showed developmental disturbances. The most frequent malformation was enamel hypoplasia including enamel discoloration and/or enamel defects. The highest prevalence of developmental disturbances of permanent teeth was found after intrusive injuries of primary teeth.
The effect of post adaptation in the root canal on retention of posts cemented with various cements
Authors: Chan Frank W. , Harcourt John K. , Brockhurst Peter J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis laboratory study compared the retention of prefabricated posts in well‐fitting and loose‐fitting post canals using different cement materials. Eighty‐three human teeth were prepared for post placement. One of zinc phosphate cement, polycarboxylate cement, glass ionomer cement or resin cement was used to cement each post in place. A tensile force was applied to remove each post and the separation force was recorded. Posts cemented with the resin cement were the most difficult to dislodge. Posts cemented into loose‐fitting canals exhibited greater resistance to dislodgement than posts cemented into well‐fitting canals irrespective of the type of cements used.
A retrospective clinical evaluation of resin‐bonded bridges inserted at the Adelaide Dental Hospital
Authors: Berekally T. L. , Smales R. J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe clinical performance of resin‐bonded Rochette and Maryland bridges inserted by various operators at the Adelaide Dental Hospital is reported. Thirty‐four Rochette bridges (30 anterior, 4 posterior) and 228 Maryland bridges (150 anterior, 78 posterior) were assessed. Clinical data were compiled on types of bridge failure, factors influencing bridge retention, and the effects of the prostheses on abutment teeth and supporting tissues. The failure rate for Rochette bridges over 6 years was 75 per cent with a median survival of 2.14 years. Debonding occurred in 70 per cent of bridge failures. The failure rate for Maryland bridges over 5 years was 42 per cent with a median survival of 2.60 years. Pontic fracture (29 per cent) and debonding (20 per cent) were the main failures observed. Porcelain pontics performed significantly better than the processed hybrid resin pontics (P<0.01). The main reasons for debonding included occlusal stresses, non‐retentive bridge designs and resin cement failure. A life‐table analysis showed no significant difference in the overall cumulative survival rates between Rochette and Maryland bridges. Bridge design and the choice of pontic material and resin cement emerged as significant factors influencing the success rate of the bridges examined.
A clinical evaluation of posterior composite resin restorations
Authors: Bryant Roland W. , Hodge Kerri‐Lea V. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThere is a trend towards manufacturers seeking to provide dentists with a single, all‐purpose composite resin, usually of the small particle hybrid type. This three‐year clinical study compared the clinical performance of three different types of composite resin used in posterior teeth and identified several modes of failure. Of the 330 restorations (three composite resins and one amalgam control) initially placed in 72 patients, 223 restorations in 48 patients were available for evaluation at three years. Modified clinical criteria for assessing the restorations were able to discriminate among the composite resins. A microfilled composite and a small particle hybrid exhibited increasing evidence of marginal fracture (crevice) with time. In addition, the small particle hybrid showed evidence of wear at the margins more frequently than the other materials. Of the restorations available for assessment, four restorations of each of these two types of composite resin required replacement during the study. Coarse particle hybrid restorations showed evidence of wear but little evidence of marginal fracture.
Single tooth replacement—expanded treatment options
Authors: Chan Richard W. , Tseng Thomas N. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe aim of any prosthesis is to restore function and aesthetics by replacing the missing tooth with minimal risks to adjacent tissues. The options presently available to the patient for the replacement of a missing single tooth include the removable partial denture, partial and full coverage bridgework, resin‐bonded bridgework and the single‐tooth implant prosthesis. The relative merits and guidelines for successful application of these treatment modalities are presented.
Delayed calcification and congenitally missing teeth. Case report
Authors: Üner Oktay , Yücel‐Eroğlu Emel , Karaca Inci 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA case of delayed differentiation and/or calcification, that is, development, followed by accelerated growth of the maxillary second premolars is presented. This condition was accompanied by the congenital absence of mandibular second premolars even though maxillary and mandibular third molar germs were present. The case was followed over a five‐year period. It seems that agenesis of any tooth might be found in conjunction with delay in development of any other tooth. Moreover, full development of a tooth germ (followed by an accelerated growth) as well as pathological changes may occur, despite an initial marked delay in tooth development.
Scope of oral and maxillofacial surgery: The psychosocial dimensions of orthognathic surgery
Authors: Shalhoub S. Y. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA group of 20 patients (12 females and 8 males) who underwent orthognathic surgery during the previous three years were surveyed. The reasons which determined the decision to undergo surgery are discussed. Patient satisfaction and the effect of surgery on psychological and social attitudes are explored.
Conservative management of erosion‐abrasion: A system for the general practitioner
Authors: Bevenius Joan , Evans Stanley , L'Estrange Peter 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis final article in a series of three covering general practice aspects of erosion‐abrasion presents a three‐phase system for clinical management of erosive‐abrasive damage. The first phase comprises pre‐restorative case evaluation, initial measures to control factors predisposing to continued erosion‐abrasion and where necessary the provision of acrylic overlays to restore facial height. In the second phase the teeth are systematically restored using an acid‐etch composite resin technique; guidance for comfortable occlusion is provided by the patient acceptance method. The third phase comprises follow‐up, including monitoring of salivary and bacteriological parameters, maintenance of the restorations and modifications of preventive measures necessary to preserve the dentition restored by multiple composite therapy. Modern oral physiological concepts and recent developments in multiple composite therapy and erosion control are discussed.
A new approach for accurate pre‐planned occlusal adjustment
Authors: Au Anthony R. , Klineberg Iven J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractOcclusal adjustment is important in prosthodontic pre‐treatment procedures and in the management of some cases of craniomandibular disorders. This may involve tooth surface reduction and tooth surface addition with an appropriate restorative material. Occlusal adjustment must be distinguished from occlusal equilibration and selective grinding with clear indications and aims. A systematic preclinical and clinical protocol has clear advantages and the use of a thermoplastic vacuum‐formed template greatly increases the clinical accuracy of a pre‐planned adjustment.
Alterations in blood pressure and pulse rate in exodontia patients*
Authors: Paramaesvaran Mayuri , Kingon A. M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe measurement of blood pressure and pulse rate prior to, during and after exodontia was conducted on 60 healthy patients. The aims were to first, investigate the changes in blood pressure and pulse rate, and second, to observe the presence of any clinically significant change over time. Thirty patients attending an Oral Medicine Clinic were used as the control group to allow a comparison to be made between the effects of exodontia and non‐invasive treatment. The results suggested that exodontia was the most stressful part of the procedure. Bradycardia during local analgesia was also noted. These changes in the cardiovascular parameters may represent a risk to patients with heart diseases especially those previously undiagnosed. Further, the results indicate the effect stress can have on the cardiovascular system and the importance of eliminating pain and minimizing patient anxiety.
Familial hemifacial microsomia due to autosomal dominant inheritance. Case reports
Authors: Singer Steven L. , Haan Eric , Slee Jennie , Goldblatt Jack 
Published: May 2009

AbstractHemifacial microsomia is a rare dentofacial anomaly which is regarded as a separate entity to Goldenhar syndrome and primarily affects the structures of the first branchial arch. It has a heterogeneous aetiology and tends to occur sporadically, though positive family histories have been reported. This paper reports on individuals in two generations of a family that has overlapping features of hemifacial micro‐somia and Goldenhar syndrome segregating as an autosomal dominant condition.
Exfoliative cytology in clinical oral pathology
Authors: Sugerman Philip B. , Savage Neil W. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractExfoliative cytology is a rapid, non‐invasive procedure for assessing dysplastic change within the oral epithelium. The indications for oral exfoliative cytology are reviewed and a technique for cell collection and smear examination is presented. The value of exfoliative cytology in oral cancer screening programmes as a public health measure is discussed.
Studies of the inflammatory process and malignant potential of oral mucosal lichen planus
Authors: Kilpi Anu , Rich Alison M. , Reade Peter C. , Konttinen Yrjö T. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractOral mucosal lichen planus (OMLP) is a well recognized mucosal disease with unknown aetiology. Considerable controversy exists as to whether OMLP is intrinsically premalignant, or if the disorder facilitates the development of oral mucosal squamous cell carcinoma (OMSCC) by external factors.The aim of the present studies was to investigate the expression of c‐erbB‐2 protein in the keratinocytes of the initial biopsies of oral mucosal disorders diagnosed as OMLP with no evidence of epithelial dysplasia and to compare the results with the expression of c‐erbB‐2 protein in subsequent biopsies obtained from the same patients. These results were compared with the findings from another 26 biopsies from patiente with OMLP and control groups (patiente with dysplasia with no evidence of OMLP, patients with OMSCC with no evidence of OMLP and normal oral mucosa).The expression of the c‐erbB‐2 protein was evaluated by Immunohistochemical staining of the gene product with the avidin‐biotin‐complex method using both fresh frozen and paraffin‐embedded tissue sections.Five of the initial biopsies from patients with OMLP expressed the c‐erbB‐2 protein and one did not. None of the OMLP cases that subsequently showed evidence of dysplasia expressed the c‐erbB‐2 protein and of the OMSCC specimens from the patients with OMLP, 2 were negative and 1 expressed c‐erbB‐2 protein. Within the other group of OMLP specimens 3 (3/26) were negative for c‐erbB‐2 staining. The specimens from the control groups all expressed the c‐erbB‐2 protein.The results indicated the probability of the absence of c‐erbB‐2 staining being an indication of a potential for neoplastic transformation in OMLP with dysplastic changes.
Establishment of peripheral blood and gingival T lymphocyte clones responsive to Porphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Gemmell E. , Bartold P. M. , Seymour G. J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractT cells are central to the immune response to infection and studies have indicated a local immunoregulatory imbalance may exist in human periodontal disease. Since Porphyromonas gingivalis is generally recognized as a major periodontopathogen, the aim of this study was to establish T cell lines and clones specific to P. gingivalis from the gingival tissues and peripheral blood of P. gingivalis — infected subjects. Two subjects were selected from two groups of individuals (one from each group) established on the basis of P. gingivalis in their plaque and the presence of serum antibodies which react with P. gingivalis antigens. The two groups differed however in their clinical susceptibility (adult periodontitis) or resistance (gingivitis) to periodontal breakdown. The mean ages ± standard error of the mean of the two groups were 47.9 ± 2.2 and 49.6 ± 3.7, respectively, so that resistance in the gingivitis group was related to the age of the subjects. T cell lines and clones were established from the peripheral blood of one patient from each of the two groups and also from the gingival tissues of the same periodontitis subject. This study has demonstrated the capability of establishing P. gingivalis‐specific T cell lines and clones from P. gingivalis‐infected subjects and FACS analysis of the T cell receptor variable regions demonstrated that the clones were indeed monoclonal. The CD4:CD8 ratios of the peripheral blood‐derived T cell lines were 1.2 and 0.4 for the gingivitis‐derived line and the periodontitis‐derived line, respectively, thus supporting the clinical differences displayed by the two subjects.
The effect of endodontic access cavity preparation and subsequent restorative procedures on molar crown retention
Authors: Mulvay Paul G. , Abbott Paul V. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPreparation of an endodontic access cavity through a full crown may affect its retention. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects on molar crown retention of endodontic access cavities and their subsequent restoration. Thirty human molars were mounted in resin, crown preparations were cut and their surface areas were determined. Vented metal copings were cemented with zinc phosphate and the forces required to displace each coping were measured using a tensile‐testing machine. The copings were recemented, access cavities were cut and their surface areas determined prior to the displacement forces being re‐measured. The copings were recemented, assigned to two groups, and the access cavities were restored ‐ Group 1 with amalgam; Group 2 with glass ionomer (GIC). Displacement forces were re‐measured and the copings were recemented. The occlusal margins of the access cavities were ***bevelled and restored again prior to displacement forces being re‐measured. Mean displacement forces were ‐Group 1: Original (kg force), 37.86 ± 3.97; After access cavity, 29.28 ± 3.22; Amalgam, 50.21 ± 4.71; Amalgam + bevel, 46.45 ± 6.21. Group 2: Original, 42.77 ± 4.49; After access cavity, 39.25 ± 5.91; GIC, 48.11 ± 3.55; GIC + bevel, 39.63 ± 5.31. Statistical analyses with paired t tests showed that retentive values with access cavities were significantly lower than with intact crowns. Amalgam or GIC restorations increased retention beyond original values, significantly with amalgam. Bevelled occlusal margins decreased retention of crowns with restored access cavities but this was not significantly different from the original values. A significant relationship existed between total surface areas of the crown preparations, areas of the occlusal tables, and retentive values for crowns without access cavities. The access cavity area, as a proportion of the total area of the preparation, was related to the decrease in retention.
Absence of platelet-dependent fibrin formation in a patient with Scott syndrome
Authors: Wielders Simone J. H. , Broers Jos , ten Cate Hugo , Collins Peter W. , Bevers Edouard M. , Lindhout Theo 
Published: May 2009

SummaryTo gain insight into the contribution of platelet-dependent thrombin formation in haemostasis and thrombosis, we investigated under flow conditions the haemostatic functions of platelets from a patient with Scott syndrome. Scott platelets are characterised by a diminished platelet-dependent thrombin generation. Thrombin generation was determined by calibrated automated thrombography and flow-based experiments were performed to reveal collagen-mediated platelet activation and fibrin deposition. Our studies indicate that adherent Scott platelets do not differ from control platelets in the formation of stable platelet aggregates under static and flow conditions. While for adherent control platelets a shape change, e.g. balloon formation, and externalisation of phosphatidylserine (PS) is associated with an increase in intracellular calcium concentration, this is not the case for Scott platelets. The calcium-induced morphological changes in control platelets are accompanied with a diminished recruitment of free flowing platelets. Scott platelets, not showing a calcium-induced shape change, also lost the ability to recruit free flowing platelets. These findings rebut the hypothesis that the mild bleeding tendency of Scott syndrome patients is due to a preserved adhesive activity of patient’s platelets. Perfusion of tissue factor (TF)-activated control blood over immobilised collagen results in the formation of fibrin fibers that radiate from platelet aggregates. Although platelet aggregates were also observed after perfusion with TF-activated Scott blood, fibrin deposition was not observed. In conclusion, our findings indicate that platelet adhesion and spreading on a collagen matrix in the absence of fibrin formation is sufficient to sustain haemostasis under non-traumatic conditions.
Multi-Stakeholder Learning and Fighting on the River Scheldt
Authors: van Buuren Arwin , Warner Jeroen 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis article analyzes the history of conflict and cooperation on the river Scheldt. Dutch-Flemish relations over the shared Scheldt estuary go back for centuries. Only in the past 10 years has there been intensive negotiation on a joint vision for its future which takes the form of a cooperative multi-stakeholder platform incorporating public, private and NGO representatives. Yet, relations have not always been cooperative; negotiations have been tense at times. After discussing the merits of a learning- versus a fighting-oriented analysis and capturing its dynamics in a TWINS matrix, this study proposes an approach that combines collaboration with competition, or learning and fighting. The case analysis finds that relations were often conflictual and cooperative simultaneously and warns against undue optimism about the multi-stakeholder process on the Scheldt estuary.
School Bans on the Wearing of Religious Symbols: Examining the Implications of Recent Case Law from the UK
Authors: Howard Erica 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis article examines school bans on the wearing of religious symbols and starts with a discussion of the arguments for the imposition of a ban and the counter arguments against these. The question whether a ban on the wearing of religious clothing in schools is a violation of the right to manifest one's religion as guaranteed by Article 9 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECHR) is analyzed using the case law of the European Court of Human Rights and of the English courts in relation to such bans in education. The cases appear to suggest that such bans can be considered an interference with the right to manifest one's religion under Article 9(1), but that these bans can be justified under Article 9(2) in certain circumstances. Two important considerations in the decision of the courts are the way decisions to ban certain forms of religious dress are made and whether alternative ways of manifesting the religion are available.
The Kyoto School, the Cambridge School, and the History of Political Philosophy in Wartime Japan
Authors: Goto-Jones Chris 
Published: May 2009

As a discipline, the history of political thought itself has a history of competing methods: on the one hand, there are political theorists whose principle interest is in the use to which the ideas they find can be put—they seek to put the discoveries to work on instances of perennial problems in the present. On the other hand, there are those whose real interest is in trying to understand what the ideas meant at the time they were written—they seek to reconstruct the place of the ideas within a given historical context and how those ideas functioned to address political problems at that time. The temporal and intentional focus of these two approaches is so different that they might constitute different enterprises entirely.
To the extent that historians of political thought are interested in history, the predominant method for analyzing the meaning and context of texts for the last few decades has been the so-called Cambridge School. It is the contention of this article that while the focus of the Cambridge School on the importance of contextual readings should open up the history of political thought to extra-European contexts, in fact its method serves to close down this possibility by emphasizing the importance of continuity between places in the past and the present of the historian. In other words, this method reduces to a process of narrating the historical identity of the Eurocentric discipline. Furthermore, I suggest that the work of the wartime Kyoto School contains methodological insights into the history of political thought that might overcome this problem and provide for a more inclusive (or at least a less exclusive) approach to the field.
Highly Regioselective and Active Rh–2,2′-Bis(dipyrrolylphosphinooxy)-1,1′-(±)-binaphthyl Catalyst for Hydroformylation of 2-Octene
Authors: Liu Wenjing , Yuan Maolin , Fu Haiyan , Chen Hua , Li Ruixiang , Li Xianjun 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Rhodium catalyst bearing 2,2′-bis(dipyrrolyphosphinooxy)-1,1′-(±)-binaphthyl (ligand 1) shows high regioselectivity and activity for the hydroformylation of 2-octene. The introduction of a pyrrolyl group in the ligand greatly improves the yield of the linear aldehyde. The regioselectivity is up to 97.5% under mild conditions (100 °C, 0.7 MPa H2/CO).