bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutritional biomarkers for objective dietary assessment
Authors: Kuhnle Gunter GC 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe accurate assessment of dietary exposure is important in investigating associations between diet and disease. Research in nutritional epidemiology, which has resulted in a large amount of information on associations between diet and chronic diseases in the last decade, relies on accurate assessment methods to identify these associations. However, most dietary assessment instruments rely to some extent on self‐reporting, which is prone to systematic bias affected by factors such as age, gender, social desirability and approval. Nutritional biomarkers are not affected by these and therefore provide an additional, alternative method to estimate intake. However, there are also some limitations in their application: they are affected by inter‐individual variations in metabolism and other physiological factors, and they are often limited to estimating intake of specific compounds and not entire foods. It is therefore important to validate nutritional biomarkers to determine specific strengths and limitations. In this perspective paper, criteria for the validation of nutritional markers and future developments are discussed. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Folic Acid‐Decorated Nanocomposites Prepared by a Simple Solvent Displacement Method
Authors: Benfer Markus , Reul Regina , Betz Thomas , Kissel Thomas 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA biodegradable nanocarrier system based on PLGA applicable for FR targeting is described. PEI‐based conjugates with covalently coupled folic acid are synthesized, characterized with regard to their composition and used for DNA complexation. The preparation of composites is performed by a solvent displacement technique, assuming an electrostatic interaction of PEI‐based polyplexes with PLGA. The synthesis of a folic acid‐PEG3kDa‐PEI25kDa conjugate is achieved. Blending of PLGA with polyplexes results in spherical nanoparticles with sizes ≤ 250 nm. Incorporation of polyplexes and the localization of folic acid on the particle surface, performed by antibody binding, is confirmed. The method is suitable for the preparation of nanosized, folic‐acid‐decorated nanoparticles.magnified image
Flavone deglycosylation increases their anti‐inflammatory activity and absorption
Authors: Hostetler Gregory , Riedl Ken , Cardenas Horacio , Diosa‐Toro Mayra , Arango Daniel , Schwartz Steven , Doseff Andrea I. 
Published: February 2012

ScopeFlavones have reported anti‐inflammatory activities, but the ability of flavone‐rich foods to reduce inflammation is unclear. Here, we report the effect of flavone glycosylation in the regulation of inflammatory mediators in vitro and the absorption of dietary flavones in vivo.Methods and resultsThe anti‐inflammatory activities of celery extracts, some rich in flavone aglycones and others rich in flavone glycosides, were tested on the inflammatory mediators tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α) and nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells (NF‐κB) in lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated macrophages. Pure flavone aglycones and aglycone‐rich extracts effectively reduced TNF‐α production and inhibited the transcriptional activity of NF‐κB, while glycoside‐rich extracts showed no significant effects. Deglycosylation of flavones increased cellular uptake and cytoplasmic localization as shown by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and microscopy using the flavonoid fluorescent dye diphenylboric acid 2‐aminoethyl ester (DPBA). Celery diets with different glycoside or aglycone contents were formulated and absorption was evaluated in mice fed with 5 or 10% celery diets. Relative absorption in vivo was significantly higher in mice fed with aglycone‐rich diets as determined by HPLC‐MS/MS (where MS/MS is tandem mass spectrometry).ConclusionThese results demonstrate that deglycosylation increases absorption of dietary flavones in vivo and modulates inflammation by reducing TNF‐α and NF‐κB, suggesting the potential use of functional foods rich in flavones for the treatment and prevention of inflammatory diseases.
Validity study of the K6 scale as a measure of moderate mental distress based on mental health treatment need and utilization
Authors: Prochaska Judith J. , Sung Hai‐Yen , Max Wendy , Shi Yanling , Ong Michael 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe widely‐used Kessler K6 non‐specific distress scale screens for severe mental illness defined as a K6 score ≥ 13, estimated to afflict about 6% of US adults. The K6, as currently used, fails to capture individuals struggling with more moderate mental distress that nonetheless warrants mental health intervention. The current study determined a cutoff criterion on the K6 scale indicative of moderate mental distress based on mental health treatment need and assessed the validity of this criterion by comparing participants with identified moderate and severe mental distress on relevant clinical, impairment, and risk behavior measures. Data were analyzed from 50,880 adult participants in the 2007 California Health Interview Survey. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis identified K6 ≥ 5 as the optimal lower threshold cut‐point indicative of moderate mental distress. Based on the K6, 8.6% of California adults had serious mental distress and another 27.9% had moderate mental distress. Correlates of moderate and serious mental distress were similar. Respondents with moderate mental distress had rates of mental health care utilization, impairment, substance use and other risks lower than respondents with serious mental distress and greater than respondents with none/low mental distress. The findings support expanded use and analysis of the K6 scale in quantifying and examining correlates of mental distress at a moderate, yet still clinically relevant, level. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Production/distribution system design with inventory considerations
Authors: Keskin Burcu B. , Üster Halit 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThis study addresses the design of a three‐stage production/distribution system where the first stage includes the set of established retailers and the second and third stages include the sets of potential distribution centers (DCs) and potential capacitated suppliers, respectively. In this problem, in addition to the fixed location/operating costs associated with locating DCs and suppliers, we consider the coordinated inventory replenishment decisions at the located DCs and retailers along with the appropriate inventory costs explicitly. In particular, we account for the replenishment and holding costs at the retailers and selected DCs, and the fixed plus distance‐based transportation costs between the selected plants and their assigned DCs, and between the selected DCs and their respective retailers, explicitly. The resulting formulation is a challenging mixed‐integer nonlinear programming model for which we propose efficient heuristic solution approaches. Our computational results demonstrate the performance of the heuristic approaches as well as the value of integrated decision‐making by verifying that significant cost savings are realizable when the inventory decisions and costs are incorporated in the production distribution system design. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 59: 172–195, 2012
New Mesolithic Hunting Evidence from Bone Injuries at Danish Maglemosian Sites: Lundby Mose and Mullerup (Sjælland)
Authors: Leduc C. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTThe recent re‐analysis of the Maglemosian faunal assemblages from Mullerup and Lundby Mose (Sjælland) has led to the discovery of new hunting injuries in the Danish Early Mesolithic. In total, including the two cases already published, two examples come from the Lundby Mose site, and seven from Mullerup, including embedded flint fragments and perforations. Such new data emphasise the need for meticulous re‐analysis of bone assemblages, relying on experimental work on projectile impacts, in order to increase the number of such discoveries. The link with weapons and hunting techniques and the question of the frequency of projectile impacts during the Danish Mesolithic are discussed, as well as their significance in terms of mobility of human groups, particularly in the case of healed wounds. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal originator valuation and the global financial crisis
Authors: Petersen M.A. , Mukuddem‐Petersen J. , Thomas S. , de Waal B. 
Published: February 2012

SUMMARYIn this paper, we discuss subprime mortgage design in both a theoretical‐ and numerical‐quantitative framework. In particular, we model mortgages that are able to fully amortize, voluntarily prepay (involving prepayment and possibly refinancing), or default. In this regard, we find that mortgage refinancing is curtailed by high loan‐to‐value ratios because of house price depreciation, whereas low loan‐to‐value ratios increase mortgagor house equity. Furthermore, an optimal originator valuation problem under mortgage origination is solved. In this case, optimal mortgage value and rates as well as profit are computed. The paper supports the view that the subprime mortgage crisis was partially caused by the intricacy of design of subprime mortgages that led to information (asymmetry, contagion, inefficiency, and loss) problems, valuation opaqueness, and ineffective risk mitigation. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Good Vibrations – Einsatz der CARS‐Mikroskopie
Authors: Potma Eric Olaf , Landwehr Stefanie , Sägmüller Bernd 
Published: February 2012

AbstractModerne, schnelle Bildgebungsverfahren erlauben uns heute, molekulare Prozesse in der Zelle live zu beobachten und leisten damit einen großen Beitrag zum besseren Verständnis der Vorgänge in der Zelle. Ein in den letzten Jahren entwickeltes Verfahren ist die CARS‐Mikroskopie (Coherent Anti‐Stokes Raman Scattering). Damit lassen sich Schwingungszustände von Molekülen abbilden, da molekulare Eigenschwingungen spezifische Fingerabdrücke im Schwingungsspektrum hinterlassen. Eric Potma, Dozent an der Universität Kalifornien, Irvine, USA, erklärt, wie sein Team dieses neue Abbildungsverfahren einsetzt und welche Perspektiven er für den zukünftigen Einsatz der CARS‐Mikroskopie sieht.
Abrollen, abperlen, spreiten
Authors: Duparré Angela , Coriand Luisa 
Published: February 2012

AbstractEine Vielzahl von optischen Oberflächen wird unter extensiver Verwendung von Chemikalien gereinigt. Prominente Beispiele dafür sind u.a. die Bereiche Flachglas, Spiegel und Optikkomponenten im Innen‐ und Außeneinsatz. Dies belastet in hohem Maße die Umwelt und kann durch den Einsatz von Oberflächen mit einstellbaren Benetzungseigenschaften bis hin zur Superhydrophobie und Selbstreinigung erheblich reduziert werden. Neben der Reduktion der Belastung durch Reinigungsmittel liegt ein weiterer Schlüssel zur Ressourceneffizienz in einer effektiven Prozessgestaltung zur Herstellung derartiger Funktionsflächen.
Der richtige Draht zum modernen Multimedia‐Gerät
Authors: Oberascher Markus 
Published: February 2012

AbstractEs mag die Frage aufkommen, warum viele Hersteller immer noch in die Entwicklungen neuer IR Produkte für Fernbedienungen investieren, obwohl die Funkübertragung zunimmt. IR Übertragung scheint veraltet zu sein und in Kürze von der Funkübertragung abgelöst zu werden. Nun, veraltet ist sie trotz allem nicht und sie lässt sich auch nicht so leicht von der Funkübertragung verdrängen. Die Gründe sind klar: die IR Technologie ist immer noch die beste Lösung für die meisten Fernbedienungsanwendungen weil sie gute Funktionalität, einfache Implementierbarkeit und ein gutes PreisLeistungsverhältnis bietet.
3‐D‐Inspektion in der Produktion
Authors: Hofmann Andreas , Carl Daniel 
Published: February 2012

AbstractDie Vermessung dreidimensionaler Oberflächen im Produktionsprozess ist eine bekannte Aufgabe für die industrielle Messtechnik. Gängige optische Verfahren wie Streifenreflexion, Lasertriangulation oder Weißlicht‐Interferometrie sind jedoch für viele Messaufgaben in der Inline‐Inspektion entweder zu ungenau, zu langsam oder zu wenig robust. Das neue Inspektionssystem „HoloTop”︁ von Fraunhofer IPM setzt nun dank eines digital‐holographischen Verfahrens neue Maßstäbe in puncto Messgeschwindigkeit bei hoher Auflösung und Genauigkeit.
High molecular weight diblock and ABA/ABC triblock copolymers of tert‐butyl (meth)acrylate
Authors: Neugebauer Dorota , Bury Katarzyna , Pendziałek Katarzyna 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAB diblock copolymers were prepared by use of poly(tert‐butyl (meth)acrylate) (PtBA/PtBMA) as monofunctional macroinitiator in atom transfer radical polymerization of various (meth)acrylates (methyl, butyl) in the presence of the CuBr/N, N, N′, N′, N″‐pentamethyldiethylenetriamine catalyst system. Then using the diblock copolymer as macroinitiator with a bromine atom at the chain end, ABC and ABA triblock copolymers containing at least one PtBA or PtBMA segment were synthesized via polymerization of the selected (meth)acrylic monomer. Gel permeation chromatography was applied to determine molecular weights and polydispersity indices. The latter, for block copolymers prepared without deactivator addition, were in the range 1.2‐1.6 with a high degree of polymerization (150‐500). The chemical compositions of the block copolymers were characterized with 1H nuclear magnetic resonance. The kind of combined segments and their lengths influenced the glass transition temperature (Tg) determined by differential scanning calorimetry. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Preparation and characterization of degradable cellulose‐based macroporous resin
Authors: Yu Chaosheng , Liu Haipeng , Li Yanqing , Zu Yuangang 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIn this paper, a macroporous cellulose resin (toluene diisocyanate crosslinked cellulose, TCC) was prepared by using toluene diisocyanate crosslinking agent. Analyses of Fourier transform IR spectra confirmed a successful crosslinkage. Chemical shifts of 13C nuclear magnetic resonance of TCC also proved the chemical structure. TCC was observed by scanning electron microscopy, and the images showed porous characteristics and increased surface area. Based on the strong polarity of TCC, rutin was used to check static adsorption and desorption capabilities. The adsorption isotherms of TCC as well as commercial D101 and AB‐8 macroporous resin were compared and explained using the Freundlich equation. Dynamic adsorption was also examined, and the influence of feed flow rate and pH value on the breakthrough volume are discussed. The dynamic desorption of rutin from TCC was carried out and the influence of eluent concentration (ethanol concentration) on desorption rate was analysed. The results of adsorption and desorption of rutin revealed that TCC is a potential tool for separating strong polar organics especially flavone glycosides from plants. Based on the detection of cellulosic bacteria, TCC is superior to commercial macroporous resins in biodegradability. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Incorporation of polyfluorenes into poly(lactic acid) films for sensor and optoelectronics applications
Authors: Martelo Liliana , Jiménez Alfonso , Valente Artur JM , Burrows Hugh D , Marques Ana T , Forster Michael , Scherf Ullrich , Peltzer Mercedes , Fonseca Sofia M 
Published: February 2012

AbstractFilms of neat and plasticized biodegradable poly(lactic acid) (PLA) matrices containing anionic conjugated polyelectrolytes, poly[9,9‐bis(4‐phenoxybutylsulfonate)]fluorene‐2,7‐diyl‐alt‐arylenes, with 1,4‐phenylene and 4,4″‐p‐terphenylene, respectively, as arylene groups or a neutral poly(9,9‐dialkylfluorene) for comparison were prepared by solution casting. These films were characterized using differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry, scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy. In addition, the effects of plasticizer on the thermal properties and the oxygen permeability of the PLA films were measured through the oxygen transmission rate. Results show that it is possible to obtain thin, optically transparent and luminescent films with potential in oxygen sensing, exhibiting good thermal and photochemical stability. At high polyelectrolyte content, evidence is found for phase separation and aggregate formation and it is no longer possible to obtain completely homogeneous films. The possibility of incorporating the cationic metal complex tris(2,2′‐bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) into plasticized PLA films containing conjugated polyelectrolytes for dual‐wavelength ratiometric luminescence sensing is also discussed. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Prescription patterns for psychotropic drugs in cancer patients; a large population study in the Netherlands
Authors: Ng Chong Guan , Boks Marco PM , Smeets Hugo Matthias , Zainal Nor Zuraida , de Wit Niek J. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundPsychotropic drugs are commonly prescribed for various psychological complaints in cancer patients. We aim to examine the prescription pattern in cancer patients of three common psychotropic drugs: benzodiazepine, antidepressant and antipsychotic.MethodsThis is a retrospective case‐control study. Data were extracted from the Agis Health Database. This insurance database contains the healthcare consumption of 1.3 million inhabitants of the Netherlands. We analyzed the use of psychotropics in cancer patients and an equally sized randomly selected control group of noncancer patients from 2006 to 2008. Odds ratio (OR) were adjusted for age, gender, immigrant status, neighborhood socio‐economic status, and premorbid medical condition. Additionally, the numbers of new user in the 3 months after cancer was diagnosed and in the 3 months before death were compared.ResultsA total of 113 887 cancer patients and 121 395 control subjects were included. Cancer patients were significantly more often prescribed psychotropic drugs (adjusted OR: benzodiazepines = 1.70, CI = 1.67‐1.74; antidepressants = 1.38, CI = 1.34‐1.42; and antipsychotics = 1.70, CI = 1.62‐1.77). Lower socio‐economic status, immigrant, and premorbid chronic medical conditions were significantly associated with higher risk of psychotropic use. Odds for a new prescription for all three psychotropic drugs were significantly less in the first 3 months after cancer diagnosis than the 3 months before death (benzodiazepine, OR = 0.673, CI = 0.647‐0.705; antidepressant, OR = 0.592, CI = 0.544‐0.644; antipsychotic, OR = 0.177, CI = 0.165‐0.190)ConclusionsPsychotropic drug prescription is common in cancer patients, starts soon after diagnosis, and increases in the terminal stage. Prescription rates were significantly higher in patients from lower socio‐economic group, immigrants, or with premorbid chronic medical condition.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Baseline susceptibility of a wild strain of Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae) to DDT and pyrethroids in an endemic focus of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran
Authors: Saeidi Zahra , Vatandoost Hassan , Akhavan Amir Ahmad , Yaghoobi‐Ershadi Mohamad Reza , Rassi Yavar , Sheikh Zahra , Arandian Mohamad Hossein , Jafari Reza , Sanei Dehkordi Ali Reza 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Phelebotumus papatsi is considered to be the main vector of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis as well as sand fly fever in Iran. There are several measures for vector control, with emphasis on insecticides. The objective of this study was to determine the baseline susceptibility of this vector to the commonly used insecticides in an endemic focus of the disease in central Iran. P. papatasi collected from the field were used for susceptibility status. Its baseline susceptibility to DDT and pyrethroids was assessed on about 6866 specimens collected from Badrood rural district, Esfahan Province, Iran, during the summer of 2010. The LT50 and LT90 values were measured according to the World Health Organisation (WHO) test using probit analysis and regression lines.RESULTS: Results of tests against female P. papatasi revealed LT50 values to DDT 4%, permethrin 0.75%, deltamethrin 0.1%, cyfluthrin 0.15% and lambdacyhalothrin 0.05% of 1104.97, 182.35, 26.79, 15.42 and 1.48 s respectively. The figures for male P. papatasi were 973.51, 59.5, 4.4, 2.65 and 1.5.CONCLUSION: The results of this study provide a guideline for implementation of different vector control measures. Furthermore, guidelines are needed for monitoring and evaluation of insecticide susceptibility tests against sand flies. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Fabrication and characterization of CdSe/ZnS quantum‐dot LEDs
Authors: Nguyen Huu Tuan , Pham Thu Nga , Koh Ken Ha , Lee Soonil 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA series of inorganic–organic hybrid light‐emitting devices (HLEDs) based on orange CdSe/ZnS quantum dots were fabricated and their operation characteristics were investigated. Other than replacing an organic light‐emitting layer (EML) with a CdSe/ZnS‐QD EML spin‐coated from a colloidal QD solution, the structure of HLEDs was kept identical to that of conventional organic light‐emitting devices. Comparison of the operation characteristics of two types of CdSe/ZnS‐QD HLEDs with a either Bebq2 or Alq3 electron transport layer (ETL) showed that the control of the injection and transport of electrons is the key step for the improvement of the luminance yield, power efficiency, and color purity of our HLEDs. The most common ETL material Alq3 turned out to be sufficient to make HLEDs with promising device performance.
Recent developments in Ge dots grown on pit‐patterned surfaces
Authors: Karmous Alim , Fischer Inga A. , Kirfel Olaf , Mattes Johannes , Oehme Michael , Werner Jens , Schulze Jörg 
Published: February 2012

AbstractCarrier confinement in Ge dots in a Si matrix has a large influence on electronic and optical properties. These dots, therefore, continue to be of interest for potential device applications. For this, the control over dot geometry, position, composition, and strain is a necessary prerequisite. Ge dots that are deposited on substrates with previously defined nucleation sites, as obtained by a patterning of the substrate, have been at the focus of a number of experimental investigations these last years, precisely because they seem to be suited for incorporation into electronic and optical devices. We review recent results in this research area that are e.g., concerned with analysing the influence of the available patterning and growth parameters on the dots and give an overview of recent developments in device applications.
Electroluminescence properties of organic nanostructures studied by scanning tunnelling microscopy
Authors: Kuhnke Klaus , Kabakchiev Alexander , Lutz Theresa , Kern Klaus 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe control of light emission on the scale of individual quantum systems, like molecules or quantum dots, is a field of intense current research. One way to induce light emission from these systems is the local charge injection through the tip of a scanning tunnelling microscope (STM). Studies which employ this method have to address one basic question: Does the detected luminescence provide information precisely from the molecule into which charge is injected by the STM tip apex or are the luminescence properties determined by a larger volume? In this article, we focus on the investigation of organic nanocrystals and discuss the relation between the local excitation, the intermolecular coupling and the influence of the STM as a measuring instrument. Choosing pentacene as an organic emitter, we present results, which suggest that the STM‐induced luminescence cannot be attributed simply to the emission by a single molecule. We discuss how information about locality can be obtained and comment on the present experimental limitations and possible future improvements.