bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lack of SIGIRR/TIR8 aggravates hydrocarbon oil‐induced lupus nephritis
Authors: Lech Maciej , Skuginna Veronika , Kulkarni Onkar P. , Gong Jing , Wei Tiandi , Stark Robert W. , Garlanda Cecilia , Mantovani Alberto , Anders Hans‐Joachim 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMultiple genetic factors contribute to the clinical variability of spontaneous systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) but their role in drug‐induced SLE remain largely unknown. Hydrocarbon oil‐induced SLE depends on mesothelial cell apoptosis and Toll‐like receptor (TLR)‐7‐mediated induction of type I interferons. Hence, we hypothesized that TIR8/SIGIRR, an endogenous TLR inhibitor, prevents oil‐induced SLE. Sigirr‐deficient dendritic cells expressed higher TLR7 mRNA levels and TLR7 activation resulted in increased IL‐12 production in vitro. In vivo, lack of SIGIRR increased surface CD40 expression on spleen CD11c+ dendritic cells and MX‐1, TNF, IL‐12, BAFF and BCL‐2 mRNA expression 6 months after pristane injection. Spleen cell counts of CD4−/CD8− ‘autoreactive’ T cells and B220+ B cells were also increased in Sigirr−/− mice. Serum autoantibody analysis revealed that Sigirr deficiency specifically enhanced the production of rheumatoid factor (from 4 months of age) and anti‐snRNP IgG (from 5 months of age), while anti‐Smith IgG or anti‐dsDNA IgG were independent of the Sigirr genotype. This effect was sufficient to significantly aggravate lupus nephritis in Sigirr‐deficient mice. Structure model prediction identified the BB loop of SIGIRR's intracellular TIR domain to interact with TLR7 and MyD88. BB loop deletion was sufficient to completely abrogate SIGIRR's inhibitory effect on TLR7 signalling. Thus, TIR8/SIGIRR protects from hydrocarbon oil‐induced lupus by suppressing the TLR7‐mediated activation of dendritic cells, via its intracellular BB loop. Copyright © 2009 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of the endogenous PPAR‐α agonist, oleoylethanolamide on MDMA‐induced cognitive deficits in mice
Authors: Plaza‐Zabala Ainhoa , Berrendero Fernando , Suarez Juan , Bermudez‐Silva Francisco Javier , Fernandez‐Espejo Emilio , Serrano Antonia , Pavon Francisco‐Javier , Parsons Loren H. , De Fonseca Fernando Rodriguez , Maldonado Rafael , Robledo Patricia 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMDMA (3,4‐Methylenedioxymethamphetamine) is an amphetamine derivative widely used for recreational purposes. We have recently shown that repeated treatment with high doses of MDMA‐induced impairments in the acquisition and recall of an active avoidance task in mice. In this study, we examined whether the endogenous peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐α (PPAR‐α) agonist, oleoylethanolamide (OEA) protects against these MDMA‐induced deficits. Mice were pretreated twice a day with OEA (0, 5, and 25 mg/kg) 30 min before an injection of MDMA (30 mg/kg) or saline during four consecutive days. Twenty‐four hours after the last treatment, animals were trained in an active avoidance task for two consecutive weeks. After a 5‐day resting period, a recall session was performed. Mice treated with MDMA showed reduced learning and recall of the task when compared with saline‐treated controls. OEA at 5 mg/kg ameliorated and at 25 mg/kg worsened this deficit. Dopamine transporter (DAT)‐binding sites significantly decreased 4 days after the last MDMA administration and pretreatment with both doses of OEA prevented this effect. In immunohistochemical studies, coexpression of tyrosine‐hydroxylase and PPAR‐α receptors was observed in the striatum and substantia nigra pars compacta of mice. These results suggest that OEA administration can modulate the cognitive deficits induced by MDMA in a DAT‐independent manner. Synapse 64:379–389, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Striatal and extrastriatal dopamine release measured with PET and [18F] fallypride
Authors: Slifstein Mark , Kegeles Lawrence S. , Xu Xiaoyan , Thompson Judy L. , Urban Nina , Castrillon John , Hackett Elizabeth , Bae S.‐A. , Laruelle Marc , Abi‐Dargham Anissa 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe amphetamine challenge, in which positron emission tomography (PET) or single photon emission computed tomography radioligand binding following administration of amphetamine is compared to baseline values, has been successfully used in a number of brain imaging studies as an indicator of dopaminergic function, particularly in the striatum. [18F] fallypride is the first PET radioligand that allows measurement of the effects of amphetamine on D2/D3 ligand binding in striatum and extra‐striatal brain regions in a single scanning session following amphetamine. We scanned 15 healthy volunteer subjects with [18F] fallypride at baseline and following amphetamine (0.3 mg/kg) using arterial plasma input‐based modeling as well as reference region methods. We found that amphetamine effect was robustly detected in ventral striatum, globus pallidus, and posterior putamen, and with slightly higher variability in other striatal subregions. However, the observed effect sizes in striatum were less than those observed in previous studies in our laboratory using [11C] raclopride. Robust effect was also detected in limbic extra‐striatal regions (hippocampus, amygdala) and substantia nigra, but the signal‐to‐noise ratio was too low to allow accurate measurement in cortical regions. We conclude that [18F] fallypride is a suitable ligand for measuring amphetamine effect in striatum and limbic regions, but it is not suitable for measuring the effect in cortical regions and may not provide the most powerful way to measure the effect in striatum. Synapse 64:350–362, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Basic as well as detailed neurosonograms can be performed by offline analysis of three‐dimensional fetal brain volumes
Authors: Bornstein E. , Monteagudo A. , Santos R. , Strock I. , Tsymbal T. , Lenchner E. , Timor‐Tritsch I. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the feasibility and the processing time of offline analysis of three‐dimensional (3D) brain volumes to perform a basic, as well as a detailed, targeted, fetal neurosonogram.Methods3D fetal brain volumes were obtained in 103 consecutive healthy fetuses that underwent routine anatomical survey at 20–23 postmenstrual weeks. Transabdominal gray‐scale and power Doppler volumes of the fetal brain were acquired by one of three experienced sonographers (an average of seven volumes per fetus). Acquisition was first attempted in the sagittal and coronal planes. When the fetal position did not enable easy and rapid access to these planes, axial acquisition at the level of the biparietal diameter was performed. Offline analysis of each volume was performed by two of the authors in a blinded manner. A systematic technique of ‘volume manipulation’ was used to identify a list of 25 brain dimensions/structures comprising a complete basic evaluation, intracranial biometry and a detailed targeted fetal neurosonogram. The feasibility and reproducibility of obtaining diagnostic‐quality images of the different structures was evaluated, and processing times were recorded, by the two examiners.ResultsDiagnostic‐quality visualization was feasible in all of the 25 structures, with an excellent visualization rate (85–100%) reported in 18 structures, a good visualization rate (69–97%) reported in five structures and a low visualization rate (38–54%) reported in two structures, by the two examiners. An average of 4.3 and 5.4 volumes were used to complete the examination by the two examiners, with a mean processing time of 7.2 and 8.8 minutes, respectively. The overall agreement rate for diagnostic visualization of the different brain structures between the two examiners was 89.9%, with a kappa coefficient of 0.5 (P < 0.001).ConclusionsIn experienced hands, offline analysis of 3D brain volumes is a reproducible modality that can identify all structures necessary to complete both a basic and a detailed second‐trimester fetal neurosonogram. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Theory and language of climate change communication
Authors: Nerlich Brigitte , Koteyko Nelya , Brown Brian 
Published: December 2009

AbstractClimate change communication has become a salient topic in science and society. It has grown to be something like a booming industry alongside more established ‘communication enterprises’, such as health communication, risk communication, and science communication. This article situates the theory of climate change communication within theoretical developments in the field of science communication. It discusses the importance and difficulties inherent in talking about climate change to different types of publics using various types of communication tools and strategies. It engages with the difficult issue of the relationship between climate change communication and behavior change, and it focuses, in particular, on the role of language (metaphors, words, strategies, frames, and narratives) in conveying climate change issues to stakeholders. In the process, it attempts to provide an overview of emerging theories of climate change communication, theories that recently have begun to proliferate quite dramatically. In some cases, we can, therefore only provide signposts to the most relevant research that is being carried out with regard to climate change communication without being able to engage with all its aspects. We end with an assessment of how communication could be improved in light of the theories and practices discussed in this article. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This article is categorized under:

Perceptions, Behavior, and Communication of Climate Change > Communication
Social Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Sociology/Anthropology of Climate Knowledge
Cerebrospinal fluid otorrhoea: a rare presentation of Langerhans' cell histiocytosis of the temporal bone
Authors: Vezina J-P , Audet N , Fradet G 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObjective:To report a case of Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the temporal bone presenting with cerebrospinal fluid fistula.Patient:A Caucasian woman presented to a tertiary care centre in Quebec, Canada, with a new onset of cerebrospinal fluid fistula. She had a significant destructive lesion of the temporal bone, and was diagnosed with Langerhans cell histiocytosis on biopsy.Interventions:The patient underwent surgical resection with reconstruction of the posterior fossa and tegmen. She suffered a relapse less than one year after surgery, and was finally treated with chemotherapy.Main outcome and results:The patient was free of disease at three-year follow up. No recurrence of the cerebrospinal fluid leak was observed after treatment.Conclusion:Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the temporal bone with intra-cranial involvement is rare in adults, with only two cases previously reported. Eleven paediatric cases have been reported. To our knowledge, this patient represents the first report of cerebrospinal fluid fistula as the initial presentation of the disease.
Immunity-mediated regulation of fecundity in the nematodeHeligmosomoides polygyrus– the potential role of mast cells
Authors: HASHIMOTO K. , UCHIKAWA R. , TEGOSHI T. , TAKEDA K. , YAMADA M. , ARIZONO N. 
Published: December 2009

SUMMARYPrevious studies have shown that host immunity regulates the fecundity of nematodes. The present study was aimed at clarifying the reversible nature of fecundity in response to changes of immunological status and to determine which effector cells are responsible for compromising fecundity inHeligmosomoides polygyrus. Enhanced fecundity was observed in immunocompromised SCID andnu/numice compared to those in the corresponding wild-type mice, with significantly fewer numbers of intrauterine eggs produced in the wild-type than in the immunodeficient mice. When 14-day-old adult worms from BALB/c mice were transplanted into naïve BALB/c mice, their fecundity increased significantly as early as 24 h post-transplantation, but not when they were transferred into immune mice, suggesting the plastic and reversible nature of fecundity in response to changes in host immunological status. In mast cell-deficientW/Wvmice, nematode fecundity was significantly higher than in mast cell-reconstitutedW/Wvor +/+ mice. The serum levels of the mast-cell protease mMCP1 were markedly increased in the wild-type as well as the mast cell-reconstitutedW/Wv, but not in theW/Wv, SCID, ornu/numice during infection. These findings raise the interesting possibility that certain activities of mast cells, either directly or indirectly, regulate parasite fecundity during infection.
The development of aspectual marking in child Mandarin Chinese
Authors: CHEN JIDONG , SHIRAI YASUHIRO 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTCross-linguistic research on the development of tense-aspect marking has revealed a strong effect of lexical aspect. But the degree of this effect varies across languages. Explanation for this universal tendency and language-specific variation is still an open issue. This study investigates the early emergence and subsequent development of four grammatical aspect markers in Mandarin, -le(perfective),zai(progressive), -zhe(durative), and -guo(experiential), in the longitudinal speech data of four children acquiring Mandarin Chinese. It was found that the emergence of grammatical aspect marking generally follows the predictions of the aspect hypothesis, perfective -lepredominantly appearing with telic verbs, whereas progressivezaiis almost exclusively used with activity verbs. However, the typological features of Mandarin also affect the early uses of -le, which is used with stative predicates more frequently than predicted, and the input patterns play an important role in children's aspect marking. The results support a usage-based learning process in accord with a language-specific system of aspectual semantics, rather than a strong universal association of grammatical aspect and lexical aspect.
Regularization of linear and non-linear geophysical ill-posed problems with joint sparsity constraints
Authors: Gholami A. , Siahkoohi H. R. 
Published: December 2009

Summary
In this paper, we deal with the solution of linear and non-linear geophysical ill-posed problems by requiring the solution to have sparse representations in two appropriate transformation domains, simultaneously. Geological structures are often smooth in properties away from sharp discontinuities (i.e. jumps in 1-D and edges in 2-D). Thus, an appropriate ‘regularizer’ function should be constructed so that recovers the smooth parts as well as the sharp discontinuities. Sparsity inversion techniques which require the solution to have a sparse representation with respect to a pre-selected basis or frames (e.g. wavelets), can recover the regions of smooth behaviour in model parameters well, but the solution suffers from the pseudo-Gibbs phenomenon, and is smoothed around discontinuities. On the other hand, requiring sparsity in Haar or finite-difference (FD) domain can lead to a solution without generating smoothed edges and the pseudo-Gibbs phenomenon. Here, we set up a regularizer function which can be benefited from the advantages of both wavelets and Haar/FD operators in representation of the solution. The idea allows capturing local structures with different smoothness in the model parameters and recovering smooth/constant pieces of the solution together with discontinuities. We also set up an information function without requiring the true model for selecting optimum wavelet and parameter β which controls the weight of the two sparsifying operators in the inverse algorithm.
For both linear and non-linear geophysical inverse problems, the performance of the method is illustrated with 1-D and 2-D synthetic examples and a field example from seismic traveltime tomography. In all of the examples tested, the proposed algorithm successfully estimated more credible and high-resolution models of the subsurface compared to those of the smooth and traditional sparse reconstructions.
Transcription profiling of eleven cytochrome P450s potentially involved in xenobiotic metabolism in the mosquito Aedes aegypti
Authors: Poupardin R. , Riaz M. A. , Vontas J. , David J. P. , Reynaud S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTranscription profiles of 11 Aedes aegypti P450 genes from CYP6 and CYP9 subfamilies potentially involved in xenobiotic metabolism were investigated. Many genes were preferentially transcribed in tissues classically involved in xenobiotic metabolism including midgut and Malpighian tubules. Life‐stage transcription profiling revealed important variations amongst larvae, pupae, and adult males and females. Exposure of mosquito larvae to sub‐lethal doses of three xenobiotics induced the transcription of several genes with an induction peak after 48 to 72 h exposure. Several CYP genes were also induced by oxidative stress and one gene strongly responded to 20‐hydroxyecdysone. Overall, this study revealed that these P450s show different transcription profiles according to xenobiotic exposures, life stages or sex. Their putative chemoprotective functions are discussed.
Overlapping syndrome with familial partial lipodystrophy, Dunnigan variety and cardiomyopathy due to amino‐terminal heterozygous missense lamin A/C mutations
Authors: Subramanyam L , Simha V , Garg A 
Published: December 2009

Subramanyam L, Simha V, Garg A. Overlapping syndrome with familial partial lipodystrophy, Dunnigan variety and cardiomyopathy due to amino‐terminal heterozygous missense lamin A/C mutations.Familial partial lipodystrophy, Dunnigan variety (FPLD) is a well‐recognized autosomal dominant disorder due to heterozygous missense mutations in lamin A/C (LMNA) gene. Most of the FPLD patients harbor mutations in the C‐terminal of the lamin A/C and do not develop cardiomyopathy. On the other hand, affected subjects from three FPLD pedigrees with heterozygous R28W, R60G and R62G LMNA mutations in the amino‐terminal had associated cardiomyopathy presenting as premature onset of congestive heart failure, dilated cardiomyopathy and conduction system disturbances. We report three new FPLD pedigrees presenting with cardiomyopathy associated with heterozygous LMNA mutations in the amino‐terminal region. Two of them had previously reported R60G and R62G mutations and one has a novel D192V mutation. Affected subjects belonging to the pedigree with heterozygous R62G mutation had atrial fibrillation and required pacemaker implantation. The affected subjects from the other pedigrees with R60G and D192V mutations developed severe cardiomyopathy requiring defibrillator implantation and cardiac transplantation before 30 years of age in some and premature death in the fourth decade in others. Thus, our report provides further evidence of association of a multisystem dystrophy syndrome in FPLD patients harboring amino‐terminal mutations in LMNA. Increased understanding of the genotype–phenotype association might help devise clinical strategies aimed at preventing devastating manifestations of cardiomyopathy including heart failure, arrhythmias and sudden death. Furthermore, the underlying molecular mechanisms by which these amino‐terminal mutations cause lipodystrophy as well as cardiomyopathy remain to be understood.
Production and characterization of transgenic pigs expressing porcine CTLA4‐Ig
Authors: Phelps Carol J. , Ball Suyapa F. , Vaught Todd D. , Vance Amy M. , Mendicino Michael , Monahan Jeffrey A. , Walters Anneke H. , Wells Kevin D. , Dandro Amy S. , Ramsoondar Jagdeece J. , Cooper David K. C. , Ayares David L. 
Published: December 2009

Phelps CJ, Ball SF, Vaught TD, Vance AM, Mendicino M, Monahan JA, Walters AH, Wells KD, Dandro AS, Ramsoondar JJ, Cooper DKC, Ayares DL. Production and characterization of transgenic pigs expressing porcine CTLA4‐Ig. Xenotransplantation 2009; 16: 477–485. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract: Background:  Inhibition of the T‐cell‐mediated immune response is a necessary component of preventing rejection following xenotransplantation with pig α1,3‐galactosyltransferase gene‐knockout (GTKO) organs. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte‐associated antigen (CTLA4) is a co‐stimulatory molecule that inhibits T‐cell activity and may be useful in prolonging graft rejection.Methods:  An expression vector was built containing the extracellular coding region of porcine (p) CTLA4 fused to the hinge and CH2/CH3 regions of human IgG1 (pCTLA4‐Ig). Pigs transgenic for pCTLA4‐Ig, on either a GTKO or wild‐type (WT) genetic background, were produced by nuclear transfer and characterized using Western blot analysis, immunofluorescence, ELISA, and necropsy.Results:  Fifteen pCTLA4‐Ig‐transgenic piglets resulted from five pregnancies produced by nuclear transfer. All transgenic pigs exhibited robust expression of the pCTLA4‐Ig protein and most expressed the transgene in all organs analyzed, with significant levels in the blood as well. Despite initial good health, these pigs exhibited diminished humoral immunity, and were susceptible to infection, which could be managed for a limited time with antibiotics.Conclusions:  Viable pigs exhibiting robust and ubiquitous expression of pCTLA4‐Ig were produced on both a WT and GTKO background. Expression of pCTLA4‐Ig resulted in acute susceptibility to opportunistic pathogens due at least in part to a significantly compromised humoral immune status. As this molecule is known to have immunosuppressive activity, high levels of pCTLA4‐Ig expression in the blood, as well as defective development related to exposure to pCTLA4‐Ig in utero, may contribute to this reduced immune status. Prophylactic treatment with antibiotics may promote survival of disease‐free transgenic pigs to a size optimal for organ procurement for transplantation. Additional genetic modifications and/or tightly regulated expression of pCTLA4Ig may reduce the impact of this transgene on the humoral immune system.
An infant with meningococcal arthritis of the hip
Authors: McMullan Brendan 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMeningococcus is a well known cause of meningitis and septicaemia. It is less well known as a cause of arthritis. This case report describes an infant with meningococcal arthritis and with further discussion of the role of meningococcal serogroup W135 in disease, as well as current and future immunisation strategies.
Developing a methodology for assigning glycaemic index values to foods consumed across Europe
Authors: Aston L. M. , Jackson D. , Monsheimer S. , Whybrow S. , Handjieva‐Darlenska T. , Kreutzer M. , Kohl A. , Papadaki A. , Martinez J. A. , Kunova V. , Van Baak M. A. , Astrup A. , Saris W. H. M. , Jebb S. A. , Lindroos A. K. 
Published: December 2009

SummaryThere is growing evidence that the glycaemic index (GI) of the diet is important with respect to body weight and metabolic disease risk. However, research is limited by the paucity of GI values for commonly consumed carbohydrate‐rich foods in European countries. A new methodology has been developed for consistent assignment of GI values to foods across five European databases used in the Diogenes intervention study. GI values were assigned according to five decreasing levels of confidence (1)Measured valuesfor specific foods; (2)Published valuesfrom published sources; (3)Equivalent valueswhere published values for similar foods existed; (4)Estimated valuesassigned as one of three values representing low/medium/high GI ranges and (5)Nominal valuesassigned as 70, where no other value could be assigned with sufficient confidence. GI values were assigned to 5105 foods. In food records collected at baseline, the contribution to carbohydrate intake of foods assigned levels 1–2 ranged from 16% to 43% depending on country, and this increased to 53–81% including level 3 foods. The degree of confidence to assigned GI values differed across Europe. This standardized approach of assigning GI values will be made available to other researchers to facilitate further investigation into the effects of dietary GI on health.