bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Visual Speech in Phonological Processing by Children With Hearing Loss
Authors: Jerger Susan , Tye-Murray Nancy , Abdi Hervé 
Published: April 2009

PurposeThis research assessed the influence of visual speech on phonological processing by children with hearing loss (HL).MethodChildren with HL and children with normal hearing (NH) named pictures while attempting to ignore auditory or audiovisual speech distractors whose onsets relative to the pictures were either congruent, conflicting in place of articulation, or conflicting in voicing—for example, the picture “pizza” coupled with the distractors “peach,” “teacher,” or “beast,” respectively. Speed of picture naming was measured.ResultsThe conflicting conditions slowed naming, and phonological processing by children with HL displayed the age-related shift in sensitivity to visual speech seen in children with NH, although with developmental delay. Younger children with HL exhibited a disproportionately large influence of visual speech and a negligible influence of auditory speech, whereas older children with HL showed a robust influence of auditory speech with no benefit to performance from adding visual speech. The congruent conditions did not speed naming in children with HL, nor did the addition of visual speech influence performance. Unexpectedly, the /∧/-vowel congruent distractors slowed naming in children with HL and decreased articulatory proficiency.ConclusionsResults for the conflicting conditions are consistent with the hypothesis that speech representations in children with HL (a) are initially disproportionally structured in terms of visual speech and (b) become better specified with age in terms of auditorily encoded information.
The French Creoles of Trinidad and the Limits of the Francophone
Authors: Munro Martin 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
This article is framed by the argument that, for all its justified condemnation of the closed nature of traditional French studies, the realm of Francophone studies constructs its own barriers and its own conventions of what constitutes Francophone writing. The influence of postcolonial theory on the field, it is argued, has focused interest almost exclusively on the literature of the colonized and the repressed in neocolonial and postcolonial situations. The influence of conventional French studies has, moreover, led most Francophone scholars to work on areas where France and French language retain an important presence. While not denying the necessity of this dual focus, the article proposes that attention be paid to areas where French colonial presence was interrupted or subsumed by that of another colonial power. The body of the article considers the history and cultural legacy of the French Creoles of Trinidad as an example of a Francophone group that wielded considerable influence in the nineteenth century, but which has now all but disappeared. The analysis leads to the conclusion that the study of such forgotten pockets of Francophone literature is one way of ensuring a creative discordance within the realm of Francophone studies.
The Origins of
la vie neutre
: Nicolas Caussin's Influence on the Writings of Gabrielle Suchon
Authors: Desnain Véronique 
Published: April 2009

Abstract

This article examines the influence of Nicolas Caussin's writing on secular celibacy (
vie neutre
) — and especially of his
Vie de Sainte Isabelle
(1643) — on Gabrielle Suchon's
Traité de la morale et de la politique
(1693) and
Du célibat volontaire, ou la vie sans engagement
(1700). I argue that this overlooked source played a considerable part in shaping Suchon's theories regarding the subordination of women and the usefulness of a celibate life in the secular world. In order to establish this source's importance, Caussin's influence is considered in relation to Suchon's other known sources as well as in the context of the
Querelle des femmes
. The similarities between the two authors' works are considered in terms of vocabulary, rhetorical issues and theological positions in order to prove that Suchon uses a number of ideas originally found in Caussin as a springboard for a far more extensive and complex argument. Unlike him, she does not take the notion of secular celibacy for granted but examines the obstacles put in the way of those who would choose it (especially women), analyses dominant discourse on the place of women in society and offers counterarguments and practical advice for potential
neutralistes
.
Isolation of Genomic DNA from Ilyanassa Snail Larvae
Authors: Gharbiah Maey , Cooley James , Leise Esther M. , Nakamoto Ayaki , Rabinowitz Jeremy S. , Lambert J. David , Nagy Lisa M. 
Published: April 2009

INTRODUCTIONThe marine gastropod Ilyanassa obsoleta is a long-standing and very useful model for studies of embryonic development. It is an especially important model for spiralian development, and for studies of asymmetric cell division. The embryos are amenable to classic embryological manipulation techniques as well as a growing number of molecular approaches. Ilyanassa is also an important model for studies of metamorphosis, the ecology of parasitism, the effects of environmental contaminants on morphology and sexual function, and comparative neurobiology. Ilyanassa is host to several species of parasitic trematode worms, so care must be taken to avoid contamination of Ilyanassa genomic DNA with that of the parasites. The easiest way to avoid this contamination is to isolate DNA from veliger larvae, which are not parasitized. This also avoids other problems that can be encountered when isolating DNA from adult mollusc tissues, such as the presence of large amounts of polysaccharides. This protocol describes the isolation of genomic DNA from Ilyanassa larvae.
Handling of Helobdella (Leech) Embryos
Authors: Weisblat David A. , Kuo Dian-Han 
Published: April 2009

INTRODUCTIONGravid Helobdella (leech) adults are identified by white egg masses that are visible through the ventral body wall. For convenience, gravid animals should be moved to smaller bowls so that those animals with newly laid embryos can be more readily identified. Zygotes (fertilized internally) turn pink when they are deposited into transparent cocoons on the ventral surface of the parent. A typical clutch consists of 20-100 embryos. Embryos can be collected after zygote deposition and before hatching (stage 10). This article describes how to collect and culture Helobdella embryos.
Level of major histocompatibility complex class I expression on endothelium in non-obese diabetic mice influences CD8 T cell adhesion and migration
Authors: Lozanoska-Ochser B , Peakman M 
Published: April 2009

SummaryAn important prerequisite for development of insulitis and β-cell destruction in type 1 diabetes is successful transmigration of autoreactive T cells across the islet endothelium. Previous work suggests that antigen presentation to T cells by endothelium, which requires endothelial cell expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, promotes tissue-specific T cell migration. We therefore tested the hypothesis that the level of endothelial MHC class I molecule expression in diabetes-prone mice directly influences autoreactive CD8 T cell migration. We investigated the immune phenotype of endothelial cells, focusing on endothelial MHC class I molecule expression in a range of different tissues and mouse strains, including non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. In addition, we examined whether the level of expression of MHC class I molecules influences autoantigen-driven CD8 T cell transmigration. Using endothelial cell lines that expressed ‘high’ (NOD mouse), medium (NOD × C3H/HeJ F1 generation mice) and no (C3H/HeJ) H-2Kd, we demonstrated in vitro that MHC levels have a profound effect on the activation, adhesion and transmigration of pathogenic, islet autoreactive CD8 T cells. The expression level of MHC class I molecules on endothelial tissues has a direct impact upon the efficiency of migration of autoreactive T cells. The immune phenotype of microvascular endothelium in NOD mice may be an additional contributory factor in disease predisposition or development, and similar phenotypes should be sought in human type 1 diabetes.
Up-regulation of CC chemokine receptor 6 on tonsillar T cells and its induction byin vitrostimulation withα-streptococciin patients with pustulosis palmaris et plantaris
Authors: Yoshizaki T , Bandoh N , Ueda S , Nozawa H , Goto T , Kishibe K , Takahara M , Harabuchi Y 
Published: April 2009

SummaryPustulosis palmaris et plantaris (PPP) is a tonsil-related disease; tonsillectomy is somewhat effective in treating the condition. However, the aetiological association between the tonsils and PPP has not yet been elucidated fully. Recently, some chemokines and chemokine receptors, including CC chemokine receptor (CCR) 4, CCR6 and CX chemokine receptor (CXCR) 3, have been reported to play important roles in the development of psoriasis, a disease related closely to PPP. In this study, we found that CCR6 expression on both tonsillar and peripheral blood T cells was up-regulated more intensively in PPP patients than in non-PPP patients (P &lt; 0·001 for both), but CCR4 and CXCR3 expressions were not. In vitro stimulation with α-streptococcal antigen enhanced CCR6 expression significantly on tonsillar T cells in PPP patients (P &lt; 0·05), but this was not observed in non-PPP patients. The chemotactic response of tonsillar T cells to the CCR6 ligand CC chemokine ligand (CCL) 20 was significantly higher in PPP patients than in non-PPP patients (P &lt; 0·05). The percentage of CCR6-positive peripheral blood T cells decreased after tonsillectomy in PPP patients (P &lt; 0·01); this decrease correlated with an improvement of skin lesions (P &lt; 0·05, r = −0·63). The numbers of CCR6-positive cells and the expression of CCL20 were increased significantly in pathological lesions compared with non-pathological lesions in PPP skin (P &lt; 0·01, P &lt; 0·05 respectively). These results suggest that a novel immune response to α-streptococci may enhance CCR6 expression on T cells in tonsils and that CCR6-positive T cells may move to peripheral blood circulation, resulting in recruitment to target skin lesions expressing CCL20 in PPP patients. This may be one of the key roles in pathogenesis of the tonsil-related disease PPP.
Darwin, historical biogeography, and the importance of overcoming binary opposites
Authors: Crisci Jorge V. , Katinas Liliana 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIt is well known that Darwin and Wallace came to discover the phenomenon of evolution through a historical approach to the geographical distribution of organisms. Before Darwin, evolution was a mere speculation that could be invoked to explain some facts. Darwin’s biogeographical argument for evolution is based largely on three main explanatory hypotheses. The first is that the geographical distribution of organisms is historically informative. The second hypothesis is that long‐distance dispersal over barriers is one main force (extinction is the other) that modifies the distribution of organisms. The third of Darwin’s biogeographical hypotheses is that the factors that shape the distribution of organisms are mainly historical (large, often global and long temporal scales) rather than ecological (small spatial and short temporal scales). From the time of Darwin until now, a wide spectrum of biogeographical schools have provided new insights that challenge the central role of space, dispersal and history as the main explanatory hypotheses for the distribution of organisms, generating three binary opposites: (1) the spatial dimension of evolution: geographical distribution of organisms as historically informative vs. historically uninformative; (2) the processes that modify the geographical distribution of organisms: dispersal vs. vicariance; and (3) the explanation of geographical distribution: history vs. ecology. We analyse these three binary opposites to show that the components of each are complementary rather than antagonistic approaches to the study of biogeography.
Disordered eating attitudes in relation to body image and emotional intelligence in young women
Authors: Costarelli V. , Demerzi M. , Stamou D. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackground: A number of different psychological factors have been implicated in the multifactorial aetiology of disordered eating (DE) attitudes and behaviours; however, the possible role of emotional intelligence in DE symptomatology has not been thoroughly investigated in the past. The present study aimed to explore the possible differences in emotional intelligence, body image and anxiety levels in young females with DE attitudes and healthy controls.Methods: A total of 92 Greek female university students, 18–30 years old, were recruited. Subjects completed the following questionnaires: the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT‐26), the Multidimensional Body‐Self Questionnaire (MBRSQ), the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the BarOn Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (BarOn EQ‐I).Results: The EAT‐26 revealed that 23% of the subjects presented DE attitudes. Women in the DE atttitudes group had lower levels of Emotional Intelligence (EI) in comparison to the control group, particularly in factors such as emotional self‐awareness (P < 0.05), empathy (P < 0.05), interpersonal relationships (P < 0.001), stress management (P < 0.05) and happiness (P < 0.05). The MBRSQ has revealed significant differences between the two groups in terms of overweight preoccupation (P < 0.001) and illlness orientation (P < 0.01). The DE atttitudes group had higher anxiety scores (STAI), although the differences were not significant. Finally, anxiety levels (STAI) were significantly correlated with levels of EI (BarOn EQ‐I) (P < 0.001).Conclusions: The young women enrolled in the present study with DE attitudes, a potential precursor to eating disorders, appear to have significant differences in many psychometrical parameters of emotional intelligence, such as emotional self‐awareness and interpersonal relationships, which is an important finding in terms of the prevention and management of DE, and warrants further investigation.
Viability selection on prey morphology by a generalist predator
Authors: MØLLER A. P. , COUDERC G. , NIELSEN J. T. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPrey use their locomotory capacity to escape predators, and there should thus be strong viability selection on locomotory morphology of prey. We compared feather morphology of wood pigeons Columba palumbus killed by goshawks Accipiter gentilis with that of survivors to quantify directional and quadratic selection on primary and rectrix feathers. The goshawk is mainly a predator attacking by surprise, leaving wood pigeons with an ability to accelerate fast at a selective advantage. There was directional selection for light primary feathers with a narrow calamus. In addition, there was directional selection for increased area of rectrices. These patterns of natural selection were confirmed in multivariate analyses of selection that showed selection for light primary feathers with a large area and narrow calamus and for a large area of rectrix feathers. These results provide evidence of selection on different aspects of feather morphology directly related to flight performance and thus escape ability from predators.
Evolution of body condition‐dependent dispersal in metapopulations
Authors: BONTE D. , DE LA PEÑA E. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBody condition‐dependent dispersal strategies are common in nature. Although it is obvious that environmental constraints may induce a positive relationship between body condition and dispersal, it is not clear whether positive body conditional dispersal strategies may evolve as a strategy in metapopulations. We have developed an individual‐based simulation model to investigate how body condition–dispersal reaction norms evolve in metapopulations that are characterized by different levels of environmental stochasticity and dispersal mortality. In the model, body condition is related to fecundity and determined either by environmental conditions during juvenile development (adult dispersal) or by those experienced by the mother (natal dispersal). Evolutionarily stable reaction norms strongly depend on metapopulation conditions: positive body condition dependency of dispersal evolved in metapopulation conditions with low levels of dispersal mortality and high levels of environmental stochasticity. Negative body condition‐dependent dispersal evolved in metapopulations with high dispersal mortality and low environmental stochasticity. The latter strategy is responsible for higher dispersal rates under kin competition when dispersal decisions are based on body condition reached at the adult life stage. The evolution of both positive and negative body condition‐dependent dispersal strategies is consequently likely in metapopulations and depends on the prevalent environmental conditions.
Identification of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae as Causal Agent of Bacterial Canker of Yellow Kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis Planchon) in Central Italy
Authors: Ferrante Patrizia , Scortichini Marco 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAngular, necrotic leaf spot, longitudinal cracks along the petiole, oozing and wilting of branches were observed during summer 2008 on Actinidia chinensis (yellow kiwifruit) cultivar Hort16A, cultivated in different orchards located the province of Latina (central Italy). Symptoms closely resembled those incited by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae on kiwifruit A. deliciosa. Isolates obtained from typical lesions were assessed by means of biochemical, pathogenicity and host range tests and compared with some Pseudomonas syringae pathovars by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC‐PCR) analysis. The isolates belong to Pseudomonas LOPAT group Ia, incited the death of pot‐cultivated A. chinensis cv. Hort 16A and A. deliciosa cv. Hayward plants in few days, but did not cause any symptoms to the other inoculated plant species. Upon ERIC‐PCR analysis, all the isolates showed similarity with P. syringae pv. actinidiae NCPPB 3739, type‐strain of the pathovar. This is the first report of this pathogen on A. chinensis in Italy and, as far as we currently know, in the world.
Molecular Identification and Phylogenetic Analysis of a Group 16SrI‐B Phytoplasma Associated with Sugarcane Yellow Leaf Syndrome in Brazil
Authors: Silva Eliane G. , Bedendo Ivan P. , Casagrande Marcos V. , Moraes Vicente A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractYellow leaf syndrome was a serious problem in the beginning of the 1990s in Brazil, when yield losses were estimated to be around 50%. The disease is currently endemic, but it is considered potentially important. Previous studies have revealed only the presence of a luteovirus associated with the disease in Brazil. We report that a phytoplasma of 16SrI‐B is also associated with this disease. This is the first demonstration of the presence of a group 16SrI‐B phytoplasma in association with sugarcane yellow leaf in Brazil.
Clinical evaluation of urolithiasis in Crohn's disease
Authors: Ishii Genichi , Nakajima Kouichi , Tanaka Norie , Hara Hiroshi , Kato Moriaki , Ishii Nobuhisa 
Published: April 2009

Objectives:  To investigate the characteristics of urolithiasis associated with Crohn's disease in a Japanese population.Methods:  We studied 98 patients with Crohn's disease: 39 with urolithiasis and 59 without urolithiasis. Patients were treated at the Social Insurance Central General Hospital, or at the Toho University Omori, Ohashi, or Sakura Medical Centers.Results:  Calculi were more frequent in men (n = 30) than women (n = 9). Mean time from diagnosis of Crohn's disease to diagnosis of calculi was 8.8 years (range 0 to 22 years). Calculi were present on the right side in 19 patients and the left side in 19 patients. Stone were composed of calcium oxalate in nine patients, calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate in two patients, and ammonium urate in five patients. The rate of concurrent calculi was significantly higher in ileostomates. The probability of developing calculi was approximately eight times higher for patients with a urine pH of ≤6.0 than for those with a urine pH of ≥6.5.Conclusions:  The rate of concurrent urolithiasis was higher in patients with a urine pH of ≤6.0, ileostomy, or two or more bowel resections. To prevent formation of calculi, Crohn's disease patients require regular urological examination including urinalysis, ultrasonography, and kidney ureter bladder X‐ray.
THE BORDER BETWEEN CORE AND PERIPHERY: GEOGRAPHICAL REPRESENTATIONS OF THE WORLD SYSTEM
Authors: VANOLO ALBERTO 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACTGeographical metaphors such as centre‐periphery or First‐Second‐Third World are widely used to describe the world economic system. This paper discusses the role of metaphors in geographical representations and proposes some guidelines for the analysis and classification. This methodology is then applied to a sample of well known textual metaphors used to describe the world economic scenario, including ideas of a First‐Second‐Third World, North‐South, core‐periphery, Global Triad, global network, flat and fluid world. The classification is linked to the debates originating such metaphors, and it will be used in order to propose some concluding remarks on the possibility of development of new geographical metaphors.
THE SPATIAL DIVISION OF TALENT IN CITY REGIONS: LOCATION DYNAMICS OF BUSINESS SERVICES IN COPENHAGEN
Authors: HANSEN HØGNI KALSØ , WINTHER LARS 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACTThe paper focuses on the location dynamics and spatial distribution of talent by workplace to provide evidence of the multiplicity of economic geographies of city regions. City regions are not just homogenous growth machines but complex urban landscapes. The economic growth and revitalisation of the city region and the rise of the knowledge economy, including the growth of advanced business services, have produced new location dynamics that have changed the spatial division of labour. The rise of the knowledge economy has lead to an increasing focus on labour and labour qualification as an important location factor, including the recent focus on the creative class and human capital. Based on an analysis of Copenhagen, we examine the spatial division of talent within industries to provide evidence that new uneven economic geographies of city regions are currently being produced as a result of the new location dynamics of the knowledge economy. Further, it is argued that the intraregional division of talent differs considerably even within knowledge intensive industries.
DEVELOPING CROSS‐BORDER REGIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEMS: KEY FACTORS AND CHALLENGES
Authors: TRIPPL MICHAELA 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACTThe literature on regional innovation systems has considerably enhanced our understanding of the critical role played by geographical proximity and local institutional conditions for the production of new knowledge and its economic exploitation. In most cases, however, both theoretical and empirical work has focused on regional innovation systems situated within a national context. Little research has been done so far on cross‐border regional innovation systems. The aim of this paper is to explore conceptually whether the theoretical approach of regional innovation systems can be applied to cross‐border settings. It investigates some critical conditions for the emergence of transfrontier innovation systems and concludes that cross‐border areas differ enormously regarding their capacity to develop an integrated innovation space.