bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global variations in H2O/Ce: 1. Slab surface temperatures beneath volcanic arcs
Authors: Cooper Lauren B. , Ruscitto Daniel M. , Plank Terry , Wallace Paul J. , Syracuse Ellen M. , Manning Craig E. 
Published: February 2012

We have calculated slab fluid temperatures for 51 volcanoes in 10 subduction zones using the newly developed H2O/Ce thermometer. The slab fluid compositions were calculated from arc eruptives, using melt inclusion‐based H2O contents, and were corrected for background mantle contributions. The temperatures, adjusted to h, the vertical depth to the slab beneath the volcanic arc, range from ∼730 to 900°C and agree well (within 30°C on average for each arc) with sub‐arc slab surface temperatures predicted by recent thermal models. The coherence between slab model and surface observation implies predominantly vertical transport of fluids within the mantle wedge. Slab surface temperatures are well reconciled with the thermal parameter (the product of slab age and vertical descent rate) andh. Arcs with shallow h (∼80 to 100 km) yield a larger range in slab surface temperature (up to ∼200°C between volcanoes) and more variable magma compositions than arcs with greater h (∼120 to 180 km). This diversity is consistent with coupling of the subducting slab and mantle wedge, and subsequent rapid slab heating, at ∼80 km. Slab surface temperatures at or warmer than the H2O‐saturated solidus suggest that melting at the slab surface is common beneath volcanic arcs. Our results imply that hydrous melts or solute‐rich supercritical fluids, and not H2O‐rich aqueous fluids, are thus the agents of mass transport to the mantle wedge.
Ruminococcus bromii is a keystone species for the degradation of resistant starch in the human colon
Authors: Ze Xiaolei , Duncan Sylvia H , Louis Petra , Flint Harry J 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
The release of energy from particulate substrates such as dietary fiber and resistant starch (RS) in the human colon may depend on the presence of specialist primary degraders (or ‘keystone species’) within the microbial community. We have explored the roles of four dominant amylolytic bacteria found in the human colon in the degradation and utilization of resistant starches. Eubacterium rectale and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron showed limited ability to utilize RS2- and RS3-resistant starches by comparison with Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Ruminococcus bromii. In co-culture, however, R. bromii proved unique in stimulating RS2 and RS3 utilization by the other three bacterial species, even in a medium that does not permit growth of R. bromii itself. Having previously demonstrated low RS3 fermentation in vivo in two individuals with undetectable populations of R. bromii-related bacteria, we show here that supplementation of mixed fecal bacteria from one of these volunteers with R. bromii, but not with the other three species, greatly enhanced the extent of RS3 fermentation in vitro. This argues strongly that R. bromii has a pivotal role in fermentation of RS3 in the human large intestine, and that variation in the occurrence of this species and its close relatives may be a primary cause of variable energy recovery from this important component of the diet. This work also indicates that R. bromii possesses an exceptional ability to colonize and degrade starch particles when compared with previously studied amylolytic bacteria from the human colon.
The mouse Mageb18 gene encodes a ubiquitously expressed type I MAGE protein and regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis in melanoma B16-F0 cells
Authors: Lin Yuquan , Wen Ti , Meng Xianyi , Wu Zhenzhou , Zhao Liqing , Wang Puyue , Hong Zhangyong , Yin Zhinan 
Published: February 2012

Although many cancer vaccines have been developed against type I MAGE (melanoma antigen) genes owing to their shared tumour-specific expression properties, studies about their expression and functions are relatively limited. In the present study, we first identify a non-testis-specific type I MAGE gene, Mageb18 (melanoma antigen family B 18). Mouse Mageb18 is also expressed in digestion- and immune-related tissues as well as testis, and its expression in testis is age-dependent. Mageb18 is expressed in many mouse-derived cell lines, and DNA demethylation and histone acetylation mediate the reactivation of Mageb18 in Mageb18-negtive H22 and C6 cells. We also show that mouse Mageb18 encodes a 46 kDa protein which is predominantly localized in the cytoplasm. In testis, the endogenous MAGEB18 protein is mainly expressed in proliferative spermatogonia and primary and secondary spermatocytes, but less so in spermatids. Finally, we demonstrate that knockdown of MAGEB18 inhibits the growth of B16-F0 cells and induces apoptosis, which correlates with increased levels of TP53 (tumour protein 53), p21, Bax and caspase 3. The results of the present study thus uncover an important phenomenon that the expression of certain type I MAGE genes, at least for Mageb18, is non-testis-specific. Although they can regulate various malignant phenotypes of cancer cells, it is necessary to study further their expression pattern in normal tissues before using them to develop more effective and safer cancer vaccines.
Effect of expansion media containing fibroblast growth factor‐2 and dexamethasone on the chondrogenic potential of human adipose‐derived stromal cells
Authors: Liu Yongxing , Wagner Diane R. 
Published: February 2012

AbstracthASCs [human ASCs (adipose derived stromal cells)] proliferate more rapidly in the presence of basic FGF‐2 (fibroblast growth factor‐2) and Dex (dexamethasone). We have examined the effects of expanding hASCs in media containing these two factors on their chondrogenic differentiation potential. Results show that the addition of FGF‐2 and Dex to the expansion medium does not remarkably alter the chondrogenic potential of the cells induced by BMP‐6 (bone morphogenetic protein‐6), based on chondrogenic gene expression, sGAG (sulfated glycosaminoglycan) accumulation and immunohistochemical observation. This is in direct contrast to previously reported promotion of the osteogenic and adipogenic potential of hASCs by these two factors. Therefore, an expansion medium containing FGF‐2, with or without Dex, is appropriate for the fast expansion of hASCs without compromising chondrogenic potential.
Myosin Heavy Chain Composition of the Human Genioglossus Muscle
Authors: Daugherty Megan , Luo Qingwei , Sokoloff Alan J. 
Published: February 2012

BackgroundThe human tongue muscle genioglossus (GG) is active in speech, swallowing, respiration, and oral transport, behaviors encompassing a wide range of tongue shapes and movement speeds. Studies demonstrate substantial diversity in patterns of human GG motor unit activation, but whether this is accompanied by complex expression of muscle contractile proteins is not known.PurposeThe authors tested for conventional myosin heavy chain (MHC) MHCI, MHCIIA, MHCIIX, developmental MHCembryonic and MHCneonatal and unconventional MHCαcardiac, MHCextraocular, and MHCslow tonic in antero-superior (GG-A) and posterior (GG-P) adult human GG.MethodSDS-PAGE, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry were used to describe MHC composition of GG-A and GG-P and the prevalence of muscle fiber MHC phenotypes in GG-A.ResultsBy SDS-PAGE, only conventional MHC are present with ranking from most to least prevalent MHCIIA > MHCI > MHCIIX in GG-A and MHCI > MHCIIA > MHCIIX in GG-P. By immunohistochemistry, many muscle fibers contain MHCI, MHCIIA, and MHCIIX, but few contain developmental or unconventional MHC. GG-A is composed of 5 phenotypes (MHCIIA > MHCI-IIX > MHCI > MHCI-IIA > MHCIIX). Phenotypes MHCI, MHCIIA, and MHCI-IIX account for 96% of muscle fibers.ConclusionsDespite activation of GG during kinematically diverse behaviors and complex patterns of GG motor unit activity, the human GG is composed of conventional MHC isoforms and 3 primary MHC phenotypes.
Tau Phosphorylation and Sevoflurane Anesthesia
Authors: Le Freche Hélène , Brouillette Jonathan , Fernandez-Gomez Francisco-José , Patin Pauline , Caillierez Raphaëlle , Zommer Nadège , Sergeant Nicolas , Buée-Scherrer Valérie , Lebuffe Gilles , Blum David , Buée Luc 
Published: February 2012

Background
There is a growing interest in the involvement of anesthetic agents in the etiology of postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Recent animal studies suggest that acute anesthesia induces transient hyperphosphorylation of tau, an effect essentially ascribed to hypothermia. The main aim of the present study was to investigate effects, in normothermic conditions, of acute or repeated exposure to sevoflurane, a halogenated anesthetic agent, on hippocampal tau phosphorylation and spatial memory in adult mice.

Methods
5 to 6-month-old C57Bl6/J mice were submitted to acute (1 h) or repeated (five exposures of 1h every month) anesthesia using 1.5 or 2.5% sevoflurane, in normothermic conditions. In the acute protocol, animals were sacrificed 1 and 24 h after exposure. In the chronic protocol, spatial memory was evaluated using the Morris water maze following the fourth exposure, and tau phosphorylation evaluated 1 month following the last exposure using bi- and mono-dimensional electrophoresis.

Results
Acute sevoflurane anesthesia in normothermic conditions led to a significant dose-dependent and reversible hippocampal tau phosphorylation, 1 h following the end of exposure (P < 0.001). Conversely, repeated anesthesia led to persistent tau hyperphosphorylation and significant memory impairments, as seen in the retention phase of the Morris water maze in sevoflurane-anesthesized animals. These pathologic features may be related to the activation of both Akt and Erk pathways.

Conclusions
The present study demonstrates, in mice, that sevoflurane exposure is associated with increased tau phosphorylation through specific kinases activation and spatial memory deficits. These data support a correlation between exposures to this anesthetic agent and cognitive decline.
Impact of Extracranial Contamination on Regional Cerebral Oxygen Saturation
Authors: Davie Sophie N. , Grocott Hilary P. 
Published: February 2012

Background
Cerebral oximetry is a noninvasive technology using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to estimate regional cerebral oxygen saturation. Although NIRS cerebral oximetry is being increasingly used in many clinical settings, interdevice technologic differences suggest potential variation in the ability to accurately acquire brain oxygenation signals. The primary objective of this study was to determine if NIRS-derived regional cerebral oxygen saturation measurements accurately account for oxygen saturation contamination from extracranial tissue.

Methods
Twelve healthy volunteers had each of three NIRS devices (FORE-SIGHT [CAS Medical Systems Inc; Brandford, CT], INVOS 5100C-PB [Covidien; Boulder, CO], and EQUANOX Classic 7600 [Nonin Medical Inc; Plymouth, MN]) randomly applied to the forehead. After this, a circumferential pneumatic head cuff was positioned such that when inflated, hypoxia-ischemia would be produced in the extracranial scalp tissue beneath the NIRS cerebral oximeters. Comparisons among the three devices were made of the NIRS measurements before and following hypoxia-ischemia produced in the scalp tissue with inflation of the head cuff.

Results
The induction of extracranial hypoxia-ischemia resulted in a significant reduction in regional cerebral oxygen saturation measurements in all three NIRS devices studied. At 5 min postinflation of the pneumatic head cuff, the INVOS demonstrated a 16.6 ± 9.6% (mean ± SD) decrease from its baseline (P = 0.0001), the FORE-SIGHT an 11.8 ± 5.3% decrease from its baseline (P < 0.0001), and the EQUANOX a 6.8 ± 6.0% reduction from baseline (P = 0.0025).

Conclusions
Extracranial contamination appears to significantly affect NIRS measurements of cerebral oxygen saturation. Although the clinical implications of these apparent inaccuracies require further study, they suggest that the oxygen saturation measurements provided by cerebral oximetry do not solely reflect that of the brain alone.
Learning to live with diabetes – integrating an illness or objectifying a disease
Authors: Kneck Åsa , Klang Birgitta , Fagerberg Ingegerd 
Published: February 2012

kneck å., klang b. & fagerberg i. (2012) Learning to live with diabetes – integrating an illness or objectifying a disease. Journal of Advanced Nursing68(11), 2486–2495.AbstractAim.  This paper is a report of a study of illuminating the meaning of ‘learning to live with diabetes’ 3 years after being diagnosed.Background.  A changed situation, for example, in relation to living with diabetes, raises a need to understand. How time for experience contributes to this learning process for people living with diabetes is not yet well understood. It would therefore seem valuable to ask people, who have had diabetes over a similar length of time, to narrate their experience in relation to daily life situations in order to understand better how learning is established.Design.  The study has a qualitative design.Methods.  A life world approach was used, with interviews being conducted with 13 people who had been diagnosed with diabetes 3 years earlier. Data were collected in 2007, and analyses were conducted using a phenomenological‐hermeneutic method.Findings.  How a person experiences the physical body was found to be crucial in the learning process. If the body with its signals is understood it can be a tool for experiencing and understanding the world and oneself. Feeling insecure about one’s own needs, and not trusting or understanding bodily signs, made participants dependent on others to make decisions for them.Conclusion.  This study showed that duration of illness was ‘not’ of importance for the understanding of living with diabetes. Living with diabetes 3 years after being diagnosed meant to experience both an overall balance in one’s existence and a daily struggle.
Herbivore pressure on goldenrod (Solidago altissima L., Asteraceae): its effects on herbivore resistance and vegetative reproduction
Authors: Bode Robert F. , Kessler André 
Published: February 2012

Summary1. Ecological and physiological costs of resistance to herbivory are core concepts in the study of plant–insect interactions, but identifying them remains challenging. These costs are most obvious when trade‐offs in resource allocation occur between different growth and resistance traits.2. We used plant genotypes collected from long‐term herbivore exclusion plots and from plots with natural herbivory. We evaluated putative trade‐offs between resistance to two different herbivore species (the larvae of the beetle Trirhabda virgata and the moth Spodoptera exigua), and between resistance and growth as a potential outcome of differential natural selection.3. We hypothesized that long‐term exclusion of herbivores would result in differential natural selection on plant resistance traits that are expressed by marked differences in mean resistance between plants from populations with and without herbivores. The results supported this hypothesis. Genotypes from herbivore exclusion plots were less resistant to the more common herbivore in the system, T. virgata, than genotypes from control plots. In contrast, the genotypes from the two herbivory regimes were equally resistant to the rarer S. exigua caterpillars. As a consequence, resistance to one herbivore species did not correlate with resistance to another, suggesting independent evolution of resistance to multiple herbivores.4. Plant growth correlated positively with resistance to Trirhabda, but not to Spodoptera, and only in plants from herbivore exclusion plots, leading us to reject the hypothesis of a growth resistance trade‐off.5. Synthesis. Our results suggest that correlations between growth and resistance are context dependent and may only be apparent in populations relieved from certain natural pressures, such as in natural populations relieved from natural selection by herbivores.
The Arabidopsis RING‐type E3 ligase XBAT32 mediates the proteasomal degradation of the ethylene biosynthetic enzyme, 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylate synthase 7
Authors: Lyzenga Wendy J. , Booth Judith K. , Stone Sophia L. 
Published: February 2012

SummaryE3 ubiquitin ligases select specific proteins for ubiquitin conjugation, and the modified proteins are commonly degraded through the 26S proteasome. XBAT32 is a RING‐type E3 ligase involved in maintaining appropriate levels of ethylene. Previous work has suggested that XBAT32 modulates ethylene production by ubiquitinating two ethylene biosynthesis enzymes, ACS4 (type‐II isoform) and ACS7 (type‐III isoform). In Arabidopsis, conserved sequences within the C‐terminal tail of type‐I and ‐II 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylate (ACC) synthase (ACS) isoforms influence ubiquitin‐dependent proteolysis. ACS7, the sole Arabidopsis type‐III ACS, contains a truncated C‐terminal tail that lacks all known regulatory sequences, which suggests that this isoform may not be subject to ubiquitin‐mediated proteasomal degradation. Here we demonstrate in planta that ACS7 is turned over in a 26S proteasome‐dependent manner and that degradation of ACS7 requires the E3 ligase XBAT32. Furthermore, the ethylene‐related phenotypes that result from overexpression of ACS7 in wild‐type plants are greatly exaggerated in xbat32‐1, suggesting that XBAT32 is required to attenuate the effect of overexpression of ACS7. This observation is consistent with a role for XBAT32 in the ubiquitin‐mediated degradation of ACS7. The dark‐grown phenotype of xbat32‐1 seedlings overexpressing ACS7 can be effectively rescued by aminoethoxyvinylglycine, an inhibitor of ACS activity. The degradation rate of ACS4 is also significantly slower in the absence of XBAT32, further implicating XBAT32 in the ubiquitin‐mediated degradation of ACS4. Altogether, these results demonstrate that XBAT32 targets ethylene biosynthetic enzymes for proteasomal degradation to maintain appropriate levels of hormone production.
True integrated weed management
Authors: YOUNG S L 
Published: February 2012

Young SL (2012) True Integrated Weed Management. Weed Research 52, 107–111.SummaryUsing the simplest of definitions, integrated weed management has been described as ‘putting components [of weed control] together, not taking them apart’. Yet, weed science has stopped at the ‘field edge’ in assembling the components into a truly integrated approach. What is keeping weed scientists from developing real integrated weed control regardless of space and time? The answer to this question lies with our colleagues in the engineering and computer science fields, who have made significant advances in developing automated machinery for real‐time detection and control of weeds in cropping systems. By using the latest technologies that can quickly identify weeds and react with precisely targeted applications, conceptually, weed control tools could be integrated for use at anytime and at any point in a field. This paper provides justification for using a single platform in the field that can instantaneously assess individual weeds and determine the most appropriate control method, simultaneously. In addition, I have modified an existing concept design to show the potential for a highly responsive weed management system that can transcend spatiotemporal restrictions and within‐field variability.
Development and comorbidity of eczema, asthma and rhinitis to age 12 – data from the BAMSE birth cohort
Authors: Ballardini N. , Kull I. , Lind T. , Hallner E. , Almqvist C. , Östblom E. , Melén E. , Pershagen G. , Lilja G. , Bergström A. , Wickman M. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundAllergy‐related diseases are a public health issue, but knowledge on development and comorbidity among children is scarce. The aim was to study the development of eczema, asthma and rhinitis in relation to sex and parental allergy, in a population‐based cohort, during childhood.MethodsAt 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 years, parental questionnaires were used to obtain data on allergy‐related diseases. Complete data for all five follow‐up occasions were available from 2916 children. Odds ratios for the risk of any allergy‐related disease in relation to heredity and sex were calculated using generalized estimating equations.ResultsAt 12 years, 58% of the children had had eczema, asthma and/or rhinitis at some time. Disease turnover was high for all three diseases throughout the study. Comorbidity increased with age, and at 12 years, 7.5% of all the children were affected by at least two allergy‐related diseases. Parental allergy was associated with increased comorbidity and more persistent disease and increased the risk of having any allergy‐related disease (adjusted OR 1.76; 95% CI 1.57–1.97) up to 12 years. Male sex was associated with an increased risk throughout childhood. Boys and girls did not differ in disease persistence, and for comorbidity, the differences were minor.ConclusionsAllergy‐related diseases may affect a majority of children. Eczema, asthma and rhinitis develop dynamically throughout childhood, and allergic comorbidity is common. These findings indicate that allergy‐related diseases should be neither seen nor studied as isolated entities.
A cost analysis of reusable and disposable flexible optical scopes for intubation
Authors: TVEDE M. F. , KRISTENSEN M. S. , NYHUS‐ANDREASEN M. 
Published: February 2012

BackgroundIntubation using a flexible optical scope (FOS) is a cornerstone technique for managing the predicted and unpredicted difficult airway. The term FOS covers both fibre‐optic scopes and videoscopes. The total costs of using flexible scopes for intubation are unknown. The recent introduction of a disposable flexible scope for intubation merits closer scrutiny of the total costs associated with both modalities.MethodsThe costs incurred during intubations using FOSs at a large anaesthesia department were identified, and a series of intubations using a disposable scope were analyzed for comparison. Recognized health‐economic methodology was applied.ResultsDuring a 1‐year period, 360 FOS intubations were performed. In this clinical setting, the average cost of an intubation using a reusable FOS was €177.7. When using the disposable Ambu® aScope (Ambu A/S, Ballerup, Denmark), the cost was €204.4. The break‐even point, i.e. the number of intubations per month where the cost of using disposable and non‐disposable equipment is identical, was 22.5/month. A subgroup analysis looking solely at intubations performed with flexible videoscopes revealed that the cost per intubation was equal for disposable and reusable videoscopes.ConclusionAt our institution, the total cost of an intubation is greater when using disposable compared with reusable equipment (€204.4 vs. €177.7). If video equipment with an external monitor is considered mandatory, the expenses are of equal magnitude. The cost analysis is particularly sensitive to the actual number of flexible optic intubations performed; with fewer intubations, the total cost will begin to favour disposable equipment.
Warfarin‐induced calciphylaxis successfully treated with sodium thiosulphate
Authors: Hafiji Juber , Deegan Patrick , Brais Rebecca , Norris Paul 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTCalciphylaxis is a rare life‐threatening form of skin necrosis. Although traditionally observed in patients with end‐stage renal disease and/or hyperparathyroidism, calciphylaxis has also been reported to occur in ‘non‐traditional’ patients with normal renal and parathyroid function. We report a case of warfarin‐induced calciphylaxis treated successfully with sodium thiosulphate and discuss the role of Vitamin K2 as a potential therapeutic option in the management of warfarin‐induced calciphylaxis.