bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rational Design of Novel Peptidic DnaK Ligands
Authors: Liebscher Markus , Haupt Katja , Yu Chao , Jahreis Günther , Lücke Christian , Schiene‐Fischer Cordelia 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe hsp70 chaperone DnaK from E. coli plays a major role in cellular stress response and is involved in assisted protein folding in vivo. By screening a combinatorial peptide library, we identified several DnaK‐specific peptide ligands with nanomolar affinities, which are able to inhibit the secondary amide peptide bond cis/trans isomerase (APIase) activity of DnaK, as well as DnaK/DnaJ/GrpE‐assisted refolding of firefly luciferase. Our designed DnaK inhibitors have the capability to penetrate E. coli cells and feature a high protease resistance. Once inside the cell, they physically target DnaK. NMR‐based 1H/15N‐HSQC experiments furthermore confirmed that the designed peptidic ligands all bind in an identical manner to the conventional peptide‐binding site of DnaK. The subsequent blocking of DnaK function apparently results in the observed antibacterial effects on E. coli cells, with minimum inhibitory concentrations in the range of 100 μM.
Family Business: Multiple Members of Major Phytohormone Classes Orchestrate Plant Stress Responses
Authors: Erb Matthias , Glauser Gaetan 
Published: July 2010

AbstractLow‐molecular‐weight compounds such as jasmonic, abscisic and salicylic acids are commonly thought to be regulators of plant stress responses. However, it is becoming clear that these molecules, often referred to as phytohormones, are only a part of bigger groups of compounds with biological activity. We propose that the concept of “hormone families” may help to better understand plant physiological responses by taking into account not only the alleged main regulators, but also their precursors, conjugates and catabolites. Novel approaches to profile potentially active compounds in plants are discussed.
The struggle over worker leisure: an analysis of the history of the workers' sports association in Canada
Authors: McQuarrie Fiona A.E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDiscussions of the work‐leisure relationship focus largely on issues of work‐life balance and generally ignore the possibility of employer‐sponsored leisure being used as a means of workplace or societal control of workers. The Workers' Sports Association (WSA), active in Canada between 1924 and 1935, challenged this use of leisure by the state and the elite, including employers. The WSA's goal was to use sport and leisure opportunities as a means of political education for workers, and to act as opposition to employer‐ and state‐controlled “bosses' sport.” The WSA, while ultimately unsuccessful, raised still‐important questions about the uses of leisure in relation to the workplace and society at large. Copyright © 2010 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Catalytic Reduction of Hexaminecobalt(III) by Pitch‐based Spherical Activated Carbon (PBSAC)
Authors: Chen Yu , Mao Yan‐peng , Zhu Hai‐song , Cheng Jing‐yi , Long Xiang‐li , Yuan Wei‐kang 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe wet ammonia (NH3) desulfurization process can be retrofitted to remove nitric oxide (NO) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) simultaneously by adding soluble cobalt(II) salt into the aqueous ammonia solution. Activated carbon is used as a catalyst to regenerate hexaminecobalt(II), Co(NH3), so that NO removal efficiency can be maintained at a high level for a long time. In this study, the catalytic performance of pitch‐based spherical activated carbon (PBSAC) in the simultaneous removal of NO and SO2 with this wet ammonia scrubbing process has been studied systematically. Experiments have been performed in a batch stirred cell to test the catalytic characteristics of PBSAC in the catalytic reduction of hexaminecobalt(III), Co(NH3). The experimental results show that PBSAC is a much better catalyst in the catalytic reduction of Co(NH3) than palm shell activated carbon (PSAC). The Co(NH3) reduction reaction rate increases with PBSAC when the PBSAC dose is below 7.5 g/L. The Co(NH3) reduction rate increases with its initial concentration. Best Co(NH3) conversion is gained at a pH range of 2.0–6.0. A high temperature is favorable to such reaction. The intrinsic activation energy of 51.00 kJ/mol for the Co(NH3) reduction catalyzed by PBSAC has been obtained. The experiments manifest that the simultaneous elimination of NO and SO2 by the hexaminecobalt solution coupled with catalytic regeneration of hexaminecobalt(II) can maintain a NO removal efficiency of 90% for a long time.
Synthesis of Calix[4]arene‐grafted Magnetite Nanoparticles and Evaluation of Their Arsenate as Well as Dichromate Removal Efficiency
Authors: Sayin Serkan , Ozcan Fatih , Yilmaz Mustafa , Tor Ali , Memon Shahabuddin , Cengeloglu Yunus 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this study, 5,17‐bis‐[(4‐benzylpiperidine)methyl]‐25,26,27,28‐tetrahydroxy‐calix[4]arene (3) has been prepared by the treatment of calix[4]arene with a secondary amine (4‐benzylpiperidine) and formaldehyde by means of Mannich reaction. The prepared Mannich base (3) has been grafted onto [3‐(2,3‐epoxypropoxy)‐propyl]‐trimethoxysilane‐modified Fe3O4 magnetite nanoparticles (EPPTMS‐MN) in order to obtain 5,17‐bis‐[(4‐benzylpiperidine)methyl]‐25,26,27,28‐tetrahydroxy calix[4]arene‐grafted EPPTMS‐MN (BP‐calix[4]arene‐grafted Fe3O4). All new compounds were characterized by a combination of FTIR and 1H‐NMR analyses. The morphology of the magnetic nanoparticles was examined by transmission electron microscopy. Moreover, the studies regarding the removal of arsenate and dichromate ions from the aqueous solutions were also carried out by using 5,17‐bis‐[(4‐benzylpiperidine)methyl]‐25,26,27,28‐tetrahydroxy‐calix[4]arene in liquid–liquid extraction and BP‐calix[4]arene‐grafted Fe3O4 (4) in solid–liquid extraction experiments. The extraction results indicated that 3 is protonated at proton‐switchable binding sites in acidic conditions. Hence, facilitating binding of arsenate and dichromate is resulted from both electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding. To understand the selectivity of 3, the retention of dichromate anions in the presence of Cl−, NO, and SO anions at pH 1.5 was also examined.
Fatgraph models of proteins
Authors: Penner R. C. , Knudsen Michael , Wiuf Carsten , Andersen Jørgen Ellegaard 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe introduce a new model of proteins that extends and enhances the traditional graphical representation by associating a combinatorial object called a fatgraph to any protein based upon its intrinsic geometry. Fatgraphs can easily be stored and manipulated as triples of permutations, and these methods are therefore amenable to fast computer implementation. Applications include the refinement of structural protein classifications and the prediction of geometric and other properties of proteins from their chemical structures. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The modified Pascal polynomial approximation and filter design method
Authors: Dimopoulos Hercules G. , Sarri Elena 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYPolynomial approximations are extensively used in analog and IIR digital filter design. In this paper, a comprehensive filter design and an optimization procedure are presented explicitly using a filter‐appropriate modified Pascal polynomial. The so‐designed all‐pole Pascal filters exhibit non‐equiripple passband and monotonic transition and stopband responses. The order of the new Pascal filters is calculated from the order inequality which, although it cannot be analytically solved, leads to a nomograph that has been created and is presented here. Inevitably, the mathematical complexity introduced by the nature of the Pascal polynomials makes the analytical expression of the poles of the transfer function unfeasible and for that reason poles are given by means of appropriate tables. The design method is demonstrated in several detailed examples and Pascal filters are compared with their all‐pole counterparts, Butterworth and Chebyshev, over which they reveal certain advantages and disadvantages. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lossless compression of time‐series data based on increasing average of neighboring signals
Authors: Takezawa Tetsuya , Asakura Koichi , Watanabe Toyohide 
Published: July 2010

AbstractGolomb‐Rice encoding is a well‐known compression algorithm for sensor data. When time‐series data change drastically with large amplitudes, as found in a pulse signal, the code length based on Golomb‐Rice coding becomes long. In order to shorten the code length, the amplitude of the signal is decreased by calculating the differential signal between a raw signal and a similar signal. In this paper, we develop a lossless compression method for time‐series data such as sensor data. In traditional methods, finding the past signal from which a differential signal with low amplitude can be generated is the main topic. However, if there are no past signals that can be used to sufficiently reduce the amplitude of the differential signal, the data compression procedure has little effect. In our approach, a signal that decreases the energy of a pulse signal or increases the energy of the neighboring signal of a pulse signal is used to generate differential signals. In order to select an effective signal, we propose a method for detecting reference signals based on the cumulative distribution features of the time‐series data. Experiments confirm that the proposed method can generate codes whose length is shortened. The code length was decreased to 97% on average and to as little as 81% in comparison with the traditional method. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 93(8): 47–56, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10093
A study on selective etching for elevated PtSi salicide process and work function modulation of PtSi alloying with Hf
Authors: Ohmi Shun‐Ichiro , Gao Jun 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe selective etching process for elevated self‐aligned silicide (salicide) utilizing PtSi has been investigated. We have developed a novel selective etching process utilizing dilute aqua regia followed by etching with dilute HF. It was found that the residual Pt‐rich silicide layers on the sidewall were successfully removed. We also investigated work function modulation of PtSi alloyed with Hf. The barrier height for electrons of PtSi was reduced approximately 0.1 eV for PtxHf1‐xSi formed by the silicidation of Pt (17 nm)/Hf (4 nm)/Si (100) stacked layer structures. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 93(8): 32–37, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10215
Reactions of [Re(CO)3]+ with Histidylhistidine and Modified Histidines
Authors: Herrick Richard S. , Ziegler Christopher J. , Gambella Americo 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAc‐His‐OH and His‐His‐OH were treated with [Re(CO)3(H2O)3]+ to yield two new compounds, which were structurally characterized. Each displays a peptide carboxamido‐N donor. The complex formed with His‐His‐OH uses this group as a bridging, bidentate ligand; the complex resists challenge experiments showing that His‐tags are a good way to deliver the [M(CO)3]+ core (M = 99mTc, Re).
Characterization of palm kernel oil, palm stearin, and palm olein blends in isosolid diagrams
Authors: Zhou Sheng‐Li , Zhang Fu‐Qing , Jin Qing‐Zhe , Liu Yuan‐Fa , Shan Liang , Zhang Ting , Zou Xiao‐Qiang , Wang Xing‐Guo 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe binary and ternary phase behaviors of mixtures of palm kernel oil (PKO), palm stearin (POs), and palm olein (POo) were studied using isosolid diagrams. Both PKO/POs and PKO/POo binaries displayed eutectic behavior at high temperature, while binary POs/POo mixture showed good compatibility and only slight monotectic effect was observed at low temperature in the 10–50% POs addition range. Ternary phase diagrams showed that eutectic effects were observed in all ternary blends at 10–20°C and the degree of interaction depended on the content of PKO, POs, and POo in the blends. The depression of the contours in the isosolid diagrams demonstrated the dominant role of PKO and POo in the ternary system. When the amounts of POs and POo were both 45%, the derivation (ΔSFC) reached a minimum at 10–20°C, which means the weakest eutectic interaction. X‐ray diffraction results showed that addition of PKO into the blends could stabilize the β′ crystal whereas the increase of the content of POs would make the blends undergo a β′ to β polymorph state transformation.
Supplies of vegetable oils for non‐food purposes
Authors: Gunstone Frank D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractProduction and trade in oilseeds and in vegetable (plant) oils during the last 10 years are detailed. Separate figures provided for food and non‐food use show the growing use for the latter purpose. While this is mainly for the production of biodiesel another factor has been the growth of the oleochemical industry in South East Asia. Using this information an attempt is made to estimate supply and demand in the near future.
Regioselective Tandem Ring Closing/Cross Metathesis of 1,5‐Hexadien‐3‐ol Derivatives: Application to the Total Synthesis of Rugulactone
Authors: Cros Fanny , Pelotier Béatrice , Piva Olivier 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA tandem ring‐closing metathesis/cross‐metathesis procedure was devised for the synthesis of various pyrones. The reaction occurred with high regioselectivity and E stereocontrol of the lateral unsaturated chain. This process was applied to the synthesis of rugulactone, an inhibitor of the nuclear factor NF‐κB according to a four‐step sequence.
Expeditious Synthesis of Imidazole‐ and Pyrrole‐Fused Benzodiazocines
Authors: Mishra Amita , Batra Sanjay 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA straightforward strategy for the synthesis of imidazole‐fused benzodiazocine from 1‐(2‐nitrophenyl)‐1H‐imidazole‐2‐carbaldehyde via Morita–Baylis–Hillman reaction followed by reductive intramolecular cyclization is described. Alternatively the Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reaction of this substrate with triethyl phosphonoacetate yielded (E)‐ethyl 3‐(1‐(2‐nitrophenyl)‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl)acrylate which upon sequential reduction, saponification and amide coupling furnished imidazole‐fused diazocinones. On the other hand, 1‐(2‐nitrophenyl)‐1H‐pyrrole‐2‐carbaldehyde failed to undergo the Morita–Baylis–Hillman reaction but successfully yields (E)‐ethyl 3‐(1‐(2‐nitrophenyl)‐1H‐pyrrol‐2‐yl)acrylate via Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reaction which through a similar series of reaction as for imidazole produced pyrrole‐fused diazocinone in good yields.
New developments in process understanding and modelling in geomorphology: introduction and overview
Authors: Lawler D. M. , Fairchild I. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis Special Issue of Earth Surface Processes and Landforms develops from the ‘Geomorphology: a 2020 Vision’ Annual Conference of the British Society for Geomorphology, organised at the University of Birmingham, UK, in July 2007. Entitled ‘New Developments in Process Understanding and Modelling in Geomorphology’, the Issue comprises a vibrant selection of 10 ‘process’ papers from leading researchers in geomorphological processes who presented at Birmingham. It aims to provide a readily accessible source of new and emerging ideas in understanding different landform processes across a range of space and time scales, based on innovations in geomorphological modelling and monitoring. The last few years have seen significant and exciting changes in geomorphology, especially in conceptual developments, numerical simulations, monitoring methodologies, data‐acquisition strategies and dating techniques. The resultant empirical datasets, theory development and modelling results have generated substantial advances in the understanding of geomorphological processes, form‐process feedbacks, scale impacts, long‐term landform evolution, the effects of climate and environmental change, and human impacts and management strategies. The Special Issue attempts to address the following key challenges: (a) to build on our Conference theme ‘Geomorphology: a 2020 Vision’, by identifying fundamental areas where doors need to be opened, for example in theory development, conceptual understanding, model evaluation, integration of the chemistry, physics, biology and mathematics of geomorphological processes, experimental validation, data needs and monitoring requirements; (b) to look forward to the next decade and beyond, and critically examine some of the approaches we will need for the questions ahead; and (c) to stimulate new research in the geomorphological sciences by highlighting both research gaps and promising developments, including emerging process modelling approaches, monitoring technologies and robust datasets. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of vanilla extract on radical scavenging activity in biscuits
Authors: Anuradha Krushnamurthy , Naidu Madeneni Madhava , Manohar Ragu Sai , Indiramma Ambuga Ramanujaiyengar 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThere is an increasing trend worldwide towards using natural flavours. Vanilla being an important food flavouring agent, the demand for natural vanilla is increasing. Hence, the present study was an attempt to evaluate the utilization of vanilla extract as a source of flavorant as well as an antioxidant in biscuits. Biscuit doughs were incorporated with 0.4% vanilla extract and synthetic vanillin 0.2%. The biscuits were powdered, extracted with aqueous ethyl alcohol and screened for radical scavenging activity. Natural vanilla and synthetic vanillin biscuit extracts at a concentration of 200 ppm showed 70% and 43% of radical scavenging activity, respectively, by the DPPH method in comparison to a corresponding value of 93% for BHA. The extract was profiled by HPLC. The effect of moisture content on retention of flavour in biscuits was studied. The loss of flavour in packed and stored biscuits with time was also studied. Addition of vanilla extract showed higher antioxidant activity and lowered the peroxide value in biscuits. The results revealed that the natural vanilla extract 0.4% level could be used in glucose biscuit preparation, since this concentration imparted considerable antioxidant properties to the biscuits. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthetic siRNA targeting the breakpoint of EWS/Fli‐1 inhibits growth of Ewing sarcoma xenografts in a mouse model
Authors: Takigami Iori , Ohno Takatoshi , Kitade Yukio , Hara Akira , Nagano Akihito , Kawai Gou , Saitou Mitsuru , Matsuhashi Aya , Yamada Kazunari , Shimizu Katsuji 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe EWS/Fli‐1 fusion gene, a product of the translocation t(11;22, q24;q12), is detected in 85% of Ewing sarcomas and primitive neuroectodermal tumors. It is thought to be a transcriptional activator that plays a significant role in tumorigenesis. In this study, we developed a novel EWS/Fli‐1 blockade system using RNA interference and tested its application for inhibiting the proliferation of Ewing sarcoma cells in vitro and the treatment of mouse tumor xenografts in vivo. We designed and synthesized a small interfering RNA (siRNA) possessing an aromatic compound at the 3′‐end targeting the breakpoint of EWS/Fli‐1. As this sequence is present only in tumor cells, it is a potentially relevant target. We found that the siRNA targeting EWS/Fli‐1 significantly suppressed the expression of EWS/Fli‐1 protein sequence specifically and also reduced the expression of c‐Myc protein in Ewing sarcoma cells. We further demonstrated that inhibition of EWS/Fli‐1 expression efficiently inhibited the proliferation of the transfected cells but did not induce apoptotic cell death. In addition, the siRNA possessing the aromatic compound at the 3′‐end was more resistant to nucleolytic degradation than the unmodified siRNA. Administration of the siRNA with atelocollagen significantly inhibited the tumor growth of TC‐135, a Ewing sarcoma cell line, which had been subcutaneously xenografted into mice. Moreover, modification of the 3′‐end with an aromatic compound improved its efficiency in vivo. Our data suggest that specific downregulation of EWS/Fli‐1 by RNA interference is a possible approach for the treatment of Ewing sarcoma.
Effective seeding of smooth muscle cells into tubular poly(trimethylene carbonate) scaffolds for vascular tissue engineering
Authors: Song Y. , Wennink J. W. H. , Kamphuis M. M. J. , Vermes I. , Poot A. A. , Feijen J. , Grijpma D. W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPorous tubular poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) scaffolds for vascular tissue engineering, with an inner diameter of 3 mm and a wall thickness of 1 mm, were prepared by means of dip‐coating and subsequent leaching of NaCl particles. The scaffolds, with an average pore size of 110 μm and a porosity of 85%, showed a smooth muscle cell (SMC) seeding efficiency of only 10%. To increase the efficiency of cell seeding, these scaffolds were coated with a microporous PTMC outer layer with a thickness of 0.1–0.4 mm, an average pore size of 28 μm, and a porosity of 65%. Coating of the scaffolds with the microporous outer layer did not influence the inner pore structure or the mechanical properties of the scaffolds to a significant extent. The intrinsic permeability of the scaffolds decreased from 60 × 10−10 m2 to approximately 5 × 10−10 m2 after coating with the microporous outer layer. The latter value is still relatively high indicating that these scaffolds may facilitate sufficient diffusion of nutrients and waste products during cell culturing. The efficiency of SMC seeding determined after 24 h cell adhesion in the scaffolds increased from less than 10% to 43% after coating with the microporous outer layer. The cells were homogeneously distributed in the scaffolds and cell numbers increased 60% during culturing for 7 days under stationary conditions. It is concluded that coating of porous tubular PTMC scaffolds with a microporous PTMC outer layer facilitates effective cell seeding in these scaffolds. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.
Underlying mechanism for suppression of vascular smooth muscle cells by green tea polyphenol EGCG released from biodegradable polymers for stent application
Authors: Han Dong‐Wook , Jung Duk‐Young , Park Jong‐Chul , Cho Han Hee , Hyon Suong‐Hyu , Han Dong Keun 
Published: July 2010

AbstractEpigallocatechin‐3‐O‐gallate (EGCG), the predominant catechin from tea, is known to exert a variety of cardiovascular beneficial effects by affecting the activity of receptor and signal transduction kinases. In this study, we investigated the suppressive effects of EGCG released from biodegradable poly(L‐lactide‐co‐ε‐caprolactone, PLCL) films on the proliferation, cell cycle progression and matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2) expression of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The involvement of phosphorylated Akt (pAkt) and nuclear factor‐κB (pNF‐κB) as well as the internalization of EGCG into VSMCs was also examined as underlying mechanisms for EGCG‐mediated VSMC inhibition. The proliferation of canine aortic SMCs (CASMCs) on EGCG‐releasing PLCL (E‐PLCL) was significantly inhibited. The culture of CASMCs on E‐PLCL resulted in induction of cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase and inactivation of pAkt, leading to subsequent apoptosis. Active MMP‐2 expression was directly lowered by EGCG released from E‐PLCL and indirectly inhibited by the EGCG‐mediated suppression of pNF‐κB. We also observed the incorporation of fluorescein isothiocyanate‐conjugated EGCG into the cytoplasm of CASMCs and its further nuclear translocation, which could lead to the interruption of the exogenous signals directed to genes responsible for cellular responses of CASMCs. Taken together, the attenuated responses of VSMCs to E‐PLCL were shown to be mediated through the suppression of pNF‐κB, pAkt and each subsequent target genes or proteins by EGCG incorporated into the cells. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.