bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of a high‐Q H0 photonic crystal nanocavity for cavity QED
Authors: Nomura M. , Tanabe K. , Iwamoto S. , Arakawa Y. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractHigh‐Q design for a zero‐cell photonic crystal nanocavity with a small mode volume is demonstrated and the aptitude for cavity QED experiments is investigated. The optimization of displacements of hexagonal‐lattice air holes in the Γ‐M direction, in addition to the Γ‐K direction, results in a cavity quality factor Q of 2.8 × 105 sustaining the small modal volume of 0.23(λ0/n)3. This high‐Q cavity design is applicable to Si and GaAs semiconductor materials. We define a figure of merit of cavities representing spectral clarity of polariton doublet for cavity QED experiments and show the proposed H0 cavity's advantage over an L3 type cavity used so far. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Simple strategy for enhancing terahertz emission from coherent longitudinal optical phonons using undoped GaAs/n ‐type GaAs epitaxial layer structures
Authors: Takeuchi H. , Yanagisawa J. , Tsuruta S. , Yamada H. , Hata M. , Nakayama M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe have explored the feasibility of enhancing terahertz (THz) emission from coherent longitudinal optical (LO) phonons using simple epitaxial layer structures: undoped GaAs/n ‐type GaAs (i ‐GaAs/n ‐GaAs) epitaxial layer structures. Initially, using a numerical simulation we have confirmed that a decrease in the i ‐GaAs layer thickness d increases the built‐in electric field in the i ‐GaAs layer. From the THz wave measurement, it is observed in the THz waveforms of the samples that the monocycle oscillation, the so‐called first burst, resulting from the surge current of the photogenerated carriers, accompanies with a clear oscillatory profile with a period of 113 fs corresponding to the GaAs LO phonon frequency (8.8 THz). The Fourier transform spectra show that the intensity of the LO phonon band remarkably increases with a decrease in d that causes the enhancement of the built‐in electric field in the i ‐GaAs layer. Thus, we conclude that the utilization of the i ‐GaAs/n ‐GaAs structure is a useful way to enhance the THz emission from the coherent LO phonon. We also performed the time‐partitioning Fourier transform in order to investigate the decay time of the THz wave from the coherent LO phonon. The decay time of each sample is almost the same: 2.0 ps. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Etch‐induced damage characteristics of n‐GaN surfaces by capacitively coupled radio frequency He and Ar plasmas
Authors: Kawakami Retsuo , Inaoka Takeshi , Tominaga Kikuo , Niibe Masahito , Mukai Takashi , Takeichi Atsushi , Fukudome Toshiaki 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe surface morphology of n‐GaN etched by the He plasma is independent of gas pressure and etch time: it is observed to be as smooth as that of the as‐grown. This result is significantly different from that by the Ar plasma etch which causes surface defects at a high gas pressure (50∼100 mTorr) and long etch time (> 60 min) due to synergy effect of plasma ions and UV lights emitted. This difference would result from a difference between UV light spectra emitted: for the He plasma there is no UV light less than 380 nm in wavelength, whereas for the Ar plasma there is the UV light emission. The simulation shows that the N/Ga ratio at the surface etched by the He plasma at each gas pressure (Ga‐rich) is much lower than that by the Ar plasma. The results simulated for the He plasma are in disagreement with those measured by XPS, which would probably indicate additional removal of Ga from the Ga‐rich surface by volatilisation/evaporation due to thermal effect. For the Ar plasma, the experimental N/Ga ratio at a low gas pressure (10 mTorr) is reproduced by physical effect, whereas at the high gas pressure it is not reproduced, which would be closely related to occurrence of the surface defects. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Anisotropic carrier transport properties of stretch‐oriented π‐conjugated polymers in organic field‐effect transistors
Authors: Yasuda Takeshi 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis article reports a fabrication of stretch‐oriented π‐conjugated polymer films and anisotropic carrier transport properties in the stretch‐oriented regioregular poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (rr‐P3HT) film. The optical absorption spectra and the image of atomic force microscopy on the stretch‐oriented films indicate that π‐conjugated units such as thiophene, fluorene and phenylenevinylene chains are aligned in the stretching direction. The conductivities of the stretch‐oriented rr‐P3HT film doped with F4‐TCNQ and the field‐effect hole mobilities of the stretch‐oriented rr‐P3HT in a current flow parallel to the stretching direction are larger than those perpendicular to the stretching direction. These results indicate that charge transport via the π‐conjugated chains is advantageous in the stretch‐oriented rr‐P3HT film. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On covering by translates of a set
Authors: Bollobás Béla , Janson Svante , Riordan Oliver 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn this paper we study the minimal number τ(S,G) of translates of an arbitrary subset S of a group G needed to cover the group, and related notions of the efficiency of such coverings. We focus mainly on finite subsets in discrete groups, reviewing the classical results in this area, and generalizing them to a much broader context. For example, the worst‐case efficiency when S has k elements is of order 1/log k. We show that if n(k) grows at a suitable rate with k, then almost every k‐subset of any given group with order n comes close to this worst‐case bound. In contrast, if n(k) grows very rapidly, or if k is fixed and n →∞, then almost every k‐subset of the cyclic group with order n comes close to the optimal efficiency. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2011
Graph diameter in long‐range percolation
Authors: Biskup Marek 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe study the asymptotic growth of the diameter of a graph obtained by adding sparse “long” edges to a square box in
\documentclass{article} \usepackage{amsmath,amsfonts}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document} ${\mathbb Z}^d$ \end{document}. We focus on the cases when an edge between x and y is added with probability decaying with the Euclidean distance as |x − y|−s+o(1) when |x − y| → ∞. For s ∈ (d, 2d) we show that the graph diameter for the graph reduced to a box of side L scales like (log L)Δ+o(1) where Δ−1 := log2(2d/s). In particular, the diameter grows about as fast as the typical graph distance between two vertices at distance L. We also show that a ball of radius r in the intrinsic metric on the (infinite) graph will roughly coincide with a ball of radius exp{r1/Δ+o(1)} in the Euclidean metric. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 39, 210‐227, 2011
Modeling as persuasion: the impact of group model building on attitudes and behavior
Authors: Rouwette Etiënne A. J. A. , Korzilius Hubert , Vennix Jac A. M. , Jacobs Eric 
Published: October 2010

AbstractClient involvement in modeling is expected to change mental models and thereby foster implementation of conclusions. Leading authors have pointed out that a lack of knowledge on the crucial elements of modeling interventions hinders accumulation of research results. There is no clear evidence for the effectiveness of group model building, and a conceptual model linking elements of the modeling process to goals is missing. We propose an integrative conceptual model, drawing on theories of persuasion (mental model change) and the influence of beliefs, attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control on actions. Our study builds on standard operationalizations and a body of research in social psychology. Data from seven group model‐building cases indicate that group model building changes attitudes, subjective norms and intentions. Conclusions for group model‐building practice are that participants often do not recognize mental model changes and that strengthening of participants' feeling of control needs special attention. Copyright © 2010 System Dynamics Society.
Win the China IP war and gain globally
Authors: McHardy Reid David , MacKinnon Simon 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe loss of intellectual property (IP) is a compelling problem for international companies developing their business positions in China. This article reports on a qualitative study that involved 20 face‐to‐face interviews with CEOs of major IP‐owning companies as well as IP lawyers, IP protection consultants, and security agents who track down offenders to provide case evidence to the Public Security Bureau. Our data analysis implies that a majority of companies were found to be lax in their IP protection measures, relying perhaps too much on legal redress rather than a priori preventatives. As a response, a strategic framework (BARD—best practice, audit, review, design) has been developed that, if applied, will deliver higher levels of IP protection. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
How dangerous are measurement errors to homeland security?
Authors: Chambers Donald R. , Wernick David A. , Zdanowicz John S. , Ann Von Glinow Mary 
Published: October 2010

AbstractFollowing the 9/11 terrorist attacks, the U.S. government instituted rigorous new rules and procedures for screening incoming cargo, with the aim of averting a future catastrophe delivered via the nation's global trade infrastructure. While the efficacy of these policies in curbing terrorism is difficult to assess, sophisticated statistical techniques can be used to help gauge the performance of homeland security policies in mitigating risks. Abnormal weight analysis is one such technique. This study examines the weight characteristics of import transactions processed by U.S. Customs before and after the terrorist attacks to identify patterns of abnormalities that could indicate foul play. Abnormalities are calculated by first determining average weights by commodity, and then estimating and analyzing dispersion among reported weights. Our results indicate that while the vast majority of import transactions are being reported more accurately since 9/11, a small percentage of extreme outliers exist, and this should be cause for concern for multinational managers, policymakers, and society at large. Based on these results, conclusions are drawn and recommendations for policy and practice are offered. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Flexible strategy mix for central Europe: A process data analysis
Authors: Hatani Faith 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis study investigates how a multinational supplier can devise a flexible strategy in emerging economies. Drawing on the concept of strategic flexibility, this article analyzes change mechanisms of generic strategy for changeable conditions in emerging markets. Based on a case study of a Japanese auto parts supplier and its different strategies for the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland, this study exemplifies the alteration of these strategies between 1997 and 2005. A process flowchart is used to illustrate the meta‐level causality among the case firm, other business actors, and their activities at each operational unit. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
From iconic business leader to Russian icon museum founder: Bridging business and the arts across cultures
Authors: Puffer Sheila M. , Banalieva Elitsa R. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis case study portrays Gordon Lankton, a highly successful U.S. executive who, drawing upon the relationships he had built during two decades of doing business in Russia, succeeded in having Moscow's renowned State Tretyakov Gallery lend priceless icons to his new museum in a small Massachusetts town. We demonstrate how a charismatic and gently determined executive‐turned‐museum founder exhibited transformational leadership while bridging business and the arts across cultures. The case study includes an interview with Gordon Lankton and is followed by a commentary that features an interview with Kent dur Russell (the Museum of Russian Icons curator) and a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis of Lankton's leadership style. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of New LnxBi2–xSe3 (Ln: Sm3+, Eu3+, Gd3+, Tb3+) Nanomaterials and Investigation of Their Optical Properties
Authors: Alemi Abdolali , Klein Axel , Meyer Gerd , Dolatyari Mahboubeh , Babalou Aliakbar 
Published: October 2010

AbstractNew LnxBi2–xSe3 (Ln: Sm3+, Eu3+, Gd3+, Tb3+) based nanomaterials were synthesized by a co‐reduction method. Powder XRD patterns indicate that the LnxBi2–xSe3 crystals (Ln = Sm3+, Eu3+, x = 0.00–0.44 and Ln = Gd3+, Tb3+, x = 0.00–0.50) are isostructural with Bi2Se3. The cell parameter c decreases for Ln = Eu3+, Gd3+, Tb3+ upon increasing the dopant content (x), while a slightly increases. Changes in lattice parameters could be related to the radii of cations. SEM images show that doping of the lanthanide ions in the lattice of Bi2Se3 generally results in nanoflowers. For the terbium compound two kinds of morphologies (nanoflowers and nanobelts) were observed. UV/Vis absorption and emission spectroscopy reveals mainly electronic transitions of the Ln3+ ions. Emission spectra show intense transitions from the excited to the ground state of Ln3+ and energy transfer from the Bi2Se3 lattice. Emission spectra of europium‐doped materials, in addition to the characteristic red emission peaks of Eu3+, show an intense blue emission band centered at 432 nm, originating from the 4f65d1 to 4f7 configuration in Eu2+. EPR measurements confirm the existence of Eu2+ in the materials. Interestingly, for all samples starting at low Ln3+ concentration, the emission intensity rises to a maximum at a Ln3+ concentration of x = 0.2 and falls again steadily to a minimum at x = 0.45.
Redefining Conversion in Laparoscopic Colectomy and Its Influence on Outcomes: Analysis of 418 Cases from a Single Institution
Authors: Chew Min‐Hoe , Ng Kheng‐Hong , Fook‐Chong M. C. Stephanie , Eu Kong‐Weng 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe reported rates of conversion in laparoscopic colectomy are varied. The incidence of conversion is not, however, well defined. The aim of the present study is to redefine conversion and to analyze differences in outcome.MethodsTreatment parameters of a total of 418 consecutive patients who underwent laparoscopic colonic resection from 2005 to 2007 were analyzed. Treatment was classified as laparoscopic colonic resection, laparoscopy‐assisted colonic resection (lap‐assisted), and laparoscopic conversion.ResultsThere were significant differences in median operating time between laparoscopic colonic resection, lap‐assisted, and laparoscopic conversion (125 min, 160 min, and 140 min; p = 0.0001); median hospital length of stay was significantly different (laparoscopic, 5.0 days, versus lap‐assisted, 6.0 days, versus laparoscopic conversion, 6.5 days; p = 0.0001); and median incision length was also noted to vary significantly (laparoscopic, 5.0 cm, lap‐assisted, 8.0 cm, and conversion, 12.0 cm; p = 0.00001). Multivariate analysis reveals that older age (Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.07, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 1.02–1.12), higher Body Mass Index ([BMI], OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.03–1.29), and pT stage were significant factors affecting conversion. Disease‐free survival for cancers was not influenced by conversion (p = 0.653). The overall complication rate was 16.7% and was significanly increased in lap‐assisted cases and in conversion cases (26% versus 13%; p = 0.003).ConclusionsA consistent definition for conversion in laparoscopic colonic resection is required. Our proposed definitions may provide a solution. The definition of lap‐assisted as a separate entity serves as a bridge between laparoscopy and full conversion. Risk factors of age, BMI, and advanced tumor stage are conversion predictors and are associated with increased hospital stay and postoperative morbidity.
The role of Smad4 in vestibular development in mice
Authors: Yang Shi‐ming , Deng An‐chun , Huang De‐liang , Sun Jian‐he , Yang Guan , Yu Ya‐ping , Hou Zhao‐hui , Guo Wei‐wei , Zhai Suo‐qiang , He David Z.Z. , Han Dong‐yi , Young Wie‐yen , Yang Xiao 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe regulation of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signal transduction pathway is important in the development of the inner ear and vestibular system. We reported previously that small mothers against decapentaplegic homolog‐4 (Smad4) is required for inner ear cochlear development and normal auditory function in mammals; however, the distribution and functional mechanisms of Smad4 at various stages of vestibular development remained unclear. To investigate the relationship between the Smad4 gene and vestibular organ development, we measured changes in the expression of BMP4 and Smad4 during vestibular development in C57BL/6 mice. In addition, vestibular structures, pathologic changes, and the vestibular function of chondrocyte‐specific Smad4 knockout mice were compared to those of the control group. We found that the expression of Smad4 in the inner ear was delayed compared with that of BMP4. Moreover, chondrocyte‐specific Smad4 knockout homozygous mice showed stunted growth and partial vestibular deformities, but it showed less histologic changes in the vestibular end‐organs and saccule dysfunction. These results suggest that Smad4 participates in late‐stage shaping of the configuration of the vestibule and development of vestibular functional, but a Smad4‐independent pathway for the inner ear vestibular BMP4 signal transduction could not be rule out.
Neural progenitors proliferation is inhibited by EphB3 in the developing subventricular zone
Authors: del Valle Kara , Theus Michelle H. , Bethea John R. , Liebl Daniel J. , Ricard Jerome 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe subventricular zone (SVZ) of the mammalian forebrain is a major source of multipotent stem cells during development, and contributes to neurogenesis throughout the lifespan of the organism. Several studies described molecules regulating adult neurogenesis, however, few of them have examined neurogenesis in the early postnatal period. Adult neurogenesis is regulated in part by ephrinB3 and its receptors, so we examined the role of EphB3 on neural stem/progenitor cell (NSPC) proliferation in early postnatal development in the SVZ. To examine NSPC proliferation, we used BrdU incorporation in both cultured NSPCs and neonatal gene‐targeted knockout mice, as well as Ki67 immunostaining in EphB3−/− mice. We observed a significant increase in proliferation in cultured NSPCs derived from EphB3−/− mice and in the SVZ of EphB3−/− mice. These studies support an anti‐proliferative role for EphB3 in regulating NSPC numbers in the developing SVZ.
Thyroid function in the third trimester of pregnancy and after delivery in an area of adequate iodine intake
Authors: Fister Petja , Gaberscek Simona , Zaletel Katja , Krhin Blaz , Hojker Sergej , Gersak Ksenija 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo establish whether the higher thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and lower levels of the 2 free thyroid hormones noted toward the end of pregnancy are in relation with iodine supply.MethodsWe compared these hormones’ levels in the third trimester of pregnancy and 4 months after delivery in 116 consecutive women without thyroid disease and otherwise healthy. The study was conducted in Slovenia, an iodine‐sufficient area. The Mann–Whitney test, the Kruskal–Wallis rank test, and Spearman analysis were used for statistical analysis.ResultsIn the third trimester TSH was significantly higher and both free thyroid hormones were significantly lower than after delivery (P = 0.003 and P < 0.001), but the free thyroxine to free triiodothyronine ratios in the third trimester and 4 months after delivery did not significantly differ. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was significantly higher during pregnancy than after delivery (P = 0.044). We found no significant correlations between UIC and TSH or between UIC and both free thyroid hormones during pregnancy or after delivery.ConclusionThe decrease of both free thyroid hormones in the third trimester of pregnancy is most likely due to reasons that are not related to iodine supply.
Esterified hyaluronic acid improves cartilage viability in experimental tracheal reconstruction with an auricular graft
Authors: Temiz Abdulkerim , Kazikdas K. Cagdas , Ergur Bekir , Tugyan Kazim , Bozok Sahin , Kaya Durdane , Guneli Ensari 
Published: October 2010

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of esterified hyaluronic acid (HYAFF) on the vitality of auricular cartilage grafts used for tracheoplasty, with respect to macroscopic and microscopic parameters.STUDY DESIGNProspective, controlled.SETTINGAcademic research laboratory.SUBJECTS AND METHODSThe study included 14 New Zealand rabbits acquired specifically for the study. The rabbits were divided into two groups: the control group, in which free cartilage grafts were not exposed to any materials or additional procedures (n = 7), and the hyaluronic acid (HA) treatment group, in which auricular grafts and anastomosis lines were covered with HYAFF (n = 7). Free auricular cartilage grafts used for the reconstruction of experimentally created tracheal defects were anastomosed extraluminally. All the rabbits were sacrificed two months post surgery. Samples were collected and examined histopathologically. The sections were stained with hematoxylineosin, Masson's trichrome, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and examined under a light microscope.RESULTSFibrosis and cartilage mass significantly differed between the control and HYAFF group (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical examination showed that more chondrocytes stained with iNOS in the control group than in the HYAFF group, according to histologists' observations.CONCLUSIONHYAFF catalyzed wound healing with less fibrous tissue formation, had chondroprotective and stimulatory effects on chondrocyte metabolism, and decreased nitric oxide production and apoptosis via improving the nourishment of free auricular cartilage grafts, subsequently preventing hypoxia and oxidative stress, particularly in the early postimplantation period.
A Novel Interpretation of Structural Dot Plots of Genomes Derived from the Analysis of Two Strains of Neisseria Meningitidis
Authors: Cuff Wilfred R. , Duvvuri Venkata R.S.K. , Liang Binhua , Duvvuri Bhargavi , Wu Gillian E. , Wu Jianhong , Tsang Raymond S.W. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Neisseria meningitidis is the agent of invasive meningococcal disease, including cerebral meningitis and septicemia. Because the diseases caused by different clonal groups (sequence types) have their own epidemiological characteristics, it is important to understand the differences among the genomes of the N. meningitidis clonal groups. To this end, a novel interpretation of a structural dot plot of genomes was devised and applied; exact nucleotide matches between the genomes of N. meningitidis serogroup A strain Z2491 and serogroup B strain MC58 were identified, leading to the specification of various structural regions. Known and putative virulence genes for each N. meningitidis strain were then classified into these regions. We found that virulence genes of MC58 tend more to the translocated regions (chromosomal segments in new sequence contexts) than do those of Z2491, notably tending towards the interface between one of the translocated regions and the collinear region. Within the collinear region, virulence genes tend to occur within 16 kb of gaps in the exact matches. Verification of these tendencies using genes clustered in the cps locus was sufficiently supportive to suggest that these tendencies can be used to focus the search for and understanding of virulence genes and mechanisms of pathogenicity in these two organisms.