bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cabergoline monotherapy in the long-term treatment of Cushing's disease
Authors: Godbout Ariane , Manavela Marcos , Danilowicz Karina , Beauregard Hugues , Bruno Oscar Domingo , Lacroix André 
Published: August 2010

BackgroundCabergoline is a long-acting dopamine receptor agonist used to treat prolactinomas. Identification of D2 receptors in corticotroph tumors led to clinical trials of cabergoline therapy in limited cases of Nelson's syndrome, ectopic ACTH-secreting tumors, and recently Cushing's disease (CD).ObjectiveTo evaluate the long-term efficacy of cabergoline monotherapy in patients with CD.MethodsRetrospective analysis of non-randomized clinical therapy with cabergoline in 30 patients with CD treated in academic centers of Buenos Aires and Montreal. Cabergoline was initiated at 0.5–1.0 mg/week and adjusted up to a maximal dose of 6 mg/week based on urinary free cortisol (UFC) levels. Complete response to cabergoline was defined as a sustained normalization of UFC with at least two normal values measured at 1–3 months interval; partial response was defined as a decrease of UFC to <125% of the upper limit of normal, and treatment failure as UFC ≥125% of it.ResultsWithin 3–6 months, complete response was achieved in 11 patients (36.6%) and partial response in 4 patients (13.3%). After long-term therapy, nine patients (30%) remain with a complete response after a mean of 37 months (range from 12 to 60 months) with a mean dose of 2.1 mg/week of cabergoline. Two patients escaped after 2 and 5 years of complete response, but one patient transiently renormalized UFC after an increase in cabergoline dosage. No long-term response was maintained in four initial partial responders.ConclusionsCabergoline monotherapy can provide an effective long-term medical therapy for selected patients with CD, but requires close follow-up for dose adjustments.
Fracturing in Tight Gas Reservoirs: Application of Special-Core-Analysis Methods To Investigate Formation-Damage Mechanisms
Authors: Bazin B.. , Bekri S.. , Vizika O.. , Herzhaft B.. , Aubry E.. 
Published: August 2010

Summary
Gas-well productivity in tight reservoirs is greatly impeded by fracturing-fluid interactions with the formation. New simulators introduce formation-damage mechanisms to calculate gas-well productivity. However, equations describing formation damage must be supported by experimental data obtained in conditions representative of fracturing operations.
The purpose of this work is to derive absolute-permeability and multiphase-flow damages upon return gas permeability after core invasion by a fracturing fluid by methods used in the Special Core Analysis Laboratory (SCAL). The core permeability is in the microdarcy range with significant illitic content. Absolute-permeability damages caused by fracturing-fluid filtration and water sensitivity are measured. Water-saturation profiles recorded by X-ray in two-phase-flow experiments are interpreted. The methodology of interpretation provides the petrophysical data specific to the rock/fluid system: absolute permeability, relative permeability damage caused by hysteresis, and capillary pressure.
In addition, simulations are presented for the evaluation of the effect of various operational parameters, such as pressure drawdown, on gas productivity. It is shown that permeability hysteresis is the determinant factor to explain low gas recoveries at short term. In the long term, the natural cleanup is very slow. The results, derived from a real rock/fluid system, are used to provide recommendations for improving backflow procedures. This methodology can be applied to any case of damage caused by the alteration of rock/fluid properties.
Characteristics of Oilwell Cement Slurry Using CMC
Authors: Roshan H.. , Asef M.R.. R. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe effects of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) polymer with some other additives on Class G cement were investigated to design a slurry for a field in the south of Iran subject to tectonically induced horizontal in-situ stress. For a number of alternative slurries, characteristics such as compressive strength, permeability, free water, and fluid loss were examined. Fundamental theoretical studies and laboratory experiments were conducted using a system-based approach, endeavoring to minimize undesired properties progressively. The result was a cement slurry with specifications of early and high compressive strength, low permeability, suitable rheological properties, and a wide range of thickening time and suitable slurry for this case. Accordingly, the major contributions of this research lie in two aspects. First, a new package of additives is introduced to be used in similar cases in the oilwell-drilling industry. Second, a systematic experimental/theoretical approach for optimization of cement slurry in accordance with functional requirements is documented.
How To Use and Misuse Proppant Crush Tests: Exposing the Top 10 Myths
Authors: Palisch Terry , Duenckel R.. , Chapman Mark , Woolfolk Scott , Vincent M.C.. C. 
Published: August 2010

Summary
When the American Petroleum Institute (API) established standardized crush-testing procedures (API RP-56 1983), the committee indicated that the test results should "provide indications of the stress level where proppant crushing is excessive and the maximum stress to which the proppant material should be subjected." However, over time, many have forgotten not only how the test is conducted, but also its original intent. As such, many now unintentionally misapply the results of crush testing as they select proppants for their fracture designs.
This paper will review the top 10 myths associated with crush testing and its interpretation, addressing such common questions as Do standard test conditions (high proppant concentration and low temperature) provide realistic predictions of proppant performance?Should proppant be tested wet or dry?Does the loading procedure affect crush?What happens if proppant is not distributed uniformly in a fracture?Do all proppants fail in the same manner?Are all proppant types equally damaged by 5% crush?How can the industry misuse the test to report "superior" results?
Readers of this paper will be armed with a better understanding of how crush testing is performed, how crush results can be misapplied, and the correct use of crush-test results. In addition, the authors will present an alternative methodology for evaluating proppant that incorporates all of the benefits gained from crush testing, but avoids the common pitfalls. Armed with this information readers can improve the design of fracture treatments, thereby achieving increased production rates and superior economic returns.
A New Well-Path Design Using Clothoid Spiral Curvature Bridging for Ultra-Extended-Reach Drilling
Authors: Samuel Robello 
Published: August 2010

Summary
Drilling ultra-extended-reach (UERD) wells and extending their reach to greater depths requires both improved models and comprehensive analysis. Wellbore friction is an important factor in drilling ultralong wells, and optimizing the well-path design is an effective means for reducing torque and drag. This paper describes a new well-path design that will enable extending the reach of a well to a greater depth. Usually, well trajectories are designed with constant curvature with well-defined arcs connecting the transition between the tangent sections. Even though the transition between the tangent and build sections or tangent and drop sections appears to be smooth, there will be some discontinuity that will result in high stresses on the tubulars, will increase torque and drag, and will result in poor hole cleaning and other problems. To avoid curvature and geometrical torsion discontinuities between sections, curvature-bridge curves, or transition curves called clothoid spirals, can be used.
This paper presents a new mathematical formulation for well-path designs using curvature bridges. Results show that the essential elements in planning a proposed well path are determining the shape and position of the bridged section, the characteristic parameter describing its shape, and its position in the well profile. To provide a quantitative means for measuring the complexity of well-path designs, a coupled analytical criterion based on the minimum energy of the curve is proposed. The proposed approach is a superior method and a more effective tool for describing and comparing the minimum energies used in well-path designs. This paper compares simulated well-path designs created with the new method with actual conventional well-path designs and describes the accuracy and applicability of the new well-path model. The results of this study demonstrate that well-path designs using curvature bridges are superior to the existing well-path designs used for drilling extended-reach-drilling (ERD) and UERD wells.
A Mechanistic Model for Gas/Liquid Flow in Upward Vertical Annuli
Authors: Yu T.T.. T. , Zhang H.-Q.. -Q. , Li M.X.. X. , Sarica C.. 
Published: August 2010

Summary
In this study, a mechanistic model is developed to predict flow patterns, pressure gradient, and liquid holdup for gas/liquid flow in upward vertical annuli. The flow-pattern-transition model consists of a modified Zhang et al. (2003a) unified model for dispersed- bubble flow and annular-flow-pattern transitions, a Caetano (1986) model for bubbly-flow transition, and a modified Kaya et al. (2001) model for slug- to churn-flow transition. The hydrodynamic models are developed on the basis of the dynamics of slug flow, and the film zone is used as the control volume. The two liquid films are taken into account in the annulus-slug-flow and annular-flow model developments. The churn-flow model is developed on the basis of the Zhang et al. (2003a) unified model for pipe flow by using a much shorter slug length.
Predicting Flow Profile of Horizontal Well by Downhole Pressure and Distributed-Temperature Data for Waterdrive Reservoir
Authors: Li Zhuoyi , Zhu Ding 
Published: August 2010

Summary
Downhole pressure and temperature data are important information that helps us understand the bottomhole flow condition. Today, the data are readily available from permanent monitoring systems such as downhole gauges or fiber-optic sensors. In a previous study, we showed that using temperature and pressure data, water entry along a horizontal wellbore can be detected by a semianalytical model. Flow in the wellbore is well-defined, but flow in the reservoir is described by a single-phase, 1D model. The assumptions limited application of the model to mostly a single-phase condition.
In this paper, we present an improved model that is more flexible. We use a streamline-simulation method to solve the flow problem in the reservoir for fast tracking of reservoir flow. We developed a transient, 3D, multiphase reservoir thermal model to calculate reservoir temperature. We integrated the reservoir flow model and thermal model with a horizontal-well temperature model to predict the pressure and temperature distribution in a horizontal-well system. We apply the model to a synthetic example. The example is an infinite waterdrive case. The results of simulation show that the temperature features in a horizontal well can detect the location and amount of water breakthrough successfully. Meanwhile, even the pressure trend does not reflect the water entrance as clearly as the temperature curve, the capability of which to indentify the reservoir permeability distribution is very helpful in temperature calculation. We apply the model to a field case: a horizontal well in the Sincor field for heavy-oil production. The results showed that we can successfully identify where and how much water enters the horizontal well in this field example.
We use an inversion method to interpret the pressure and temperature data to obtain a flow-rate profile along horizontal wells. The inversion method is the traditional Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method. This stochastic method searches for the possible solution in the parameter space and uses the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm to judge the acceptance. We discuss how to reduce the parameters to make the inversion method work more efficiently according to the downhole pressure and temperature data.
Valuation of Producing Properties for Loan Purposes
Authors: Terry Lyon F. , Hill Kenneth E. 
Published: August 2010

Introduction
There are several methods of valuing producing properties and numerousconcepts of value, and they all have their purpose. From the standpoint of thelender on oil properties, the primary objective is to judge what might berealized from the sale of the property if it should become necessary toforeclose. For this purpose, the most significant concept of value is the "fairmarket value" - the price at which the property would be sold by a willingseller to a willing buyer, neither being under any compulsion to buy or tosell, and both being competent and having reasonable knowledge of thefacts.
The method of valuation generally used by the institution with which theauthors are associated is the estimation of the present worth of future profitsat that discount rate which it is believed will result in the fair marketvalue. This is often termed the engineering or analytic appraisal method andfor several reasons is found most useful in valuing properties submitted ascollateral for loan purposes. Most important is to ascertain by our ownappraisal that the amount of the loan outstanding at any time could berecovered, if necessary, by foreclosure and sale. Another important factor injudging the goodness of a loan is the ability of the property to generatesufficient net cash income, after all necessary operating, development, andincome tax requirements, to amortize the loan within a reasonable time. This isascertained from a payout schedule which is readily derived by a cut-and-tryprocess from the forecast of net profits used in calculating the value, asshown in Tables IV and V. In addition, when the purchase of a property ispartially financed by a loan, the lender and the buyer are in effect acquiringthe property jointly. Prudent lenders will avoid participating in a projectwhere the expenses may become so high that the operator might be unable to meethis obligations. And good bankers should avoid being a party to a transactionat a price so high that the customer later finds he has made an unprofitable purchase.
Valuation Reports and Security Analysis
Authors: Kennedy Edwin L. 
Published: August 2010

Every professional group in American life seeks to find rules and formulaeby which correct decisions can be made easily. Any schoolboy likes to be ableto look in the back of the book for the answers to his problems - at least, forthe tough ones. There are no answers in the back of the investor's book; nofoolproof rules to put money to work in any industry, particularly in thedynamic oil industry, in order to achieve the goals desired by "the typicalAmerican investor." We define "the typical American investor" as one who wantsto buy something that has the strength of a Government bond; that yields 10 percent; and that will, at the very least, double in price within six months andone day.
Sometime ago a series of valuation reports were prepared for my firm. Theyhad been prepared for investment guidance a a sufficient number of yearspreviously to permit their conclusions to be tested in the market place. It wasdisillusioning to find no important relationship between the conclusions ofthese valuation reports and the subsequent market performance of the commonstocks involved. In fact, one of the issues looked upon with the greatest favorbecause its market price bore an unusually low ratio of about 30 per cent toits then appraised value has had over the years, since the reports wereprepared, one of the smallest price gains of any of the major oil issues. It istoday selling for about 40 per cent of its appraised value. Of course, theissue's appraised value has increased along with all values in the industry, particularly in the post war period of inflation. This stock entered thisperiod with an abnormally low ratio between market price and appraised value, and this low ratio has continued without making it a good purchase at anytime.
Microsatellite Marker Characterization of Chilean Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Germplasm
Authors: Viviana Becerra V. , Mario Paredes C. , Carmen Rojo M. , Díaz Lucy M. , Blair Matthew W. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThe Chilean national common bean germplasm collection consists of 1200 accessions, most of which have not been characterized or used in breeding programs. As part of the characterization of this germplasm we have formed a core collection of 246 accessions that represent 21% of the whole collection and that consists of many race Chile representatives as well as varieties from other races that are traditionally grown in the country. The specific objectives of this work were to use microsatellites to evaluate the level of polymorphism in the Chilean core collection and to determine the genetic variability of race Chile and its relationships with other races. The results indicate that the level of polymorphism detected with microsatellites was higher than that obtained with previous molecular or biochemical markers. The number of microsatellite alleles varied from 2 to 14 and the polymorphism information content (PIC) values were 0.08 to 0.84. Heterozygosity ranged from 0 to 0.052 for each of the markers. Euclidean genetic distance ranged from 0.12% between race Chile and race Nueva Granada to 0.71% between race Chile and race Mesoamerica. Multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) showed clustering of the accessions into the two main genepools, with race Chile genotypes grouping mainly with race Nueva Granada genotypes.
Prediction of Forage Quality from Remotely Sensed Data: Comparison of Cultivar‐Specific and Cultivar‐Independent Equations Using Three Methods of Calibration
Authors: Starks Patrick J. , Brown Michael A. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTRemote sensing of pasture canopies could reduce laborious field sampling procedures and provide timely information to ranch and livestock managers. This study evaluated partial least squares (PLS) regression, multiple linear regression with maximum r2 improvement (MAXR), and artificial neural networks (ANN) for development of robust equations (i.e., cultivar‐independent [CI]) to predict concentrations of nitrogen (N), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) from hyperspectral remotely sensed reflectance data collected from six cultivars of live bermudagrass canopies. Specific study objectives were to: i) develop both cultivar‐independent and cultivar‐specific (CS) equations to predict N, NDF, and ADF from remotely sensed canopy reflectance, ii) validate the accuracy of these equations on a independent data set, iii) compare the results from the CS and CI equations to determine how well equations developed across cultivar perform relative to equations developed for a specific cultivar of bermudagrass, and iv) compare contributing wavelengths across calibration method.
Heterosis in Sweet Sorghum and Selection of a New Sweet Sorghum Hybrid for Use in Syrup Production in Appalachia
Authors: Pfeiffer T. W. , Bitzer M. J. , Toy J. J. , Pedersen J. F. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTAlthough heterosis is well established in grain and forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], reports of heterosis in sweet sorghum are limited to results from grain sorghum × sweet sorghum hybrids. Recent development of cytoplasmic male‐sterile sweet sorghum lines allows creation of sweet sorghum hybrids for research and industry. Male sterility may also affect allocation of photosynthate to plant parts, creating the potential to increase sugar content in stems by eliminating seed as a sink. The objectives of this study were to compare performance of A3 cytoplasmic male‐sterile lines and A3 cytoplasmic male‐sterile hybrids to fertile B3 counterparts and to each other. A3 cytoplasmic male‐sterile ‘Dale’, ‘Wray’, ‘Sugar Drip’, and N100 were crossed in all combinations to their male‐fertile counterparts, resulting in 20 genotypes including the male‐fertile lines. The 20 genotypes were grown in a randomized complete block in 2004 and 2005 at Lexington, KY. Male‐sterile hybrids and lines had higher brix than male‐fertile lines. Hybrids produced greater stalk yield due to taller plants with greater stem diameter. Juice fraction and juice composition remained relatively unchanged. Only six hybrids showed positive heterosis for brix. The greater juice yield and higher sugar content of selected hybrids such as A3 N100 × Dale could produce more total syrup or ethanol than current pure‐line sweet sorghum varieties.
Influence of Locations and Planting Dates on Protein Composition of Soybean Lines with Modified Beta‐Conglycinin and Glycinin Concentration
Authors: Jenkinson Jonathan E. , Fehr Walter R. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTSoybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars with increased β‐conglycinin (BC) and reduced glycinin (Gly) may have both food production and human health benefits. The stability of BC and Gly concentrations over different environmental conditions will be an important factor in the production of these cultivars. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of locations and planting dates on the protein composition of soybean genotypes with varied combinations of Gy and gy alleles for reduced Gly and increased BC concentration. Six soybean lines with different gy allele combinations and one common cultivar with only wild‐type Gy alleles were grown at four locations with three planting dates at each location in 2008. There were no significant differences among planting dates for the mean concentration of BC, Gly, or their subunits. The means of locations were significantly different for all of the protein components, except for the A124 subunit of Gly. The genotype with four gy alleles produced 0 g kg−1 of Gly across locations and planting dates, but only three of the mutant gy alleles were required to maximize BC concentration. Grain produced at different locations likely would differ in BC and Gly concentration, but planting dates at a location would not be expected to significantly affect the protein components.
Genetic Analysis of Heat Tolerance at Anthesis in Rice
Authors: Jagadish S. V. K. , Cairns J. , Lafitte R. , Wheeler T. R. , Price A. H. , Craufurd P. Q. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTGenetic analysis of heat tolerance will help breeders produce rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties adapted to future climates. An F6 population of 181 recombinant inbred lines of Bala (tolerant) × Azucena (susceptible) was screened for heat tolerance at anthesis by measuring spikelet fertility at 30°C (control) and 38°C (high temperature) in experiments conducted in the Philippines and the United Kingdom. The parents varied significantly for absolute spikelet fertility under control (79–87%) and at high temperature (2.9–47.1%), and for relative spikelet fertility (high temperature/control) at high temperature (3.7–54.9%). There was no correlation between spikelet fertility in control and high‐temperature conditions and no common quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified. Two QTLs for spikelet fertility under control conditions were identified on chromosomes 2 and 4. Eight QTLs for spikelet fertility under high‐temperature conditions were identified on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 8, 10, and 11. The most significant heat‐responsive QTL, contributed by Bala and explaining up to 18% of the phenotypic variation, was identified on chromosome 1 (38.35 mega base pairs on the rice physical genome map). This QTL was also found to influence plant height, explaining 36.6% of the phenotypic variation. A comparison with other studies of abiotic (drought, cold, salinity) stresses showed QTLs at similar positions on chromosomes 1, 3, 8, and 10, suggesting common underlying stress‐responsive regions of the genome.