bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of reference samples homogeneity in electron microprobe analysis
Authors: Borkhodoev V. Ya. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe homogeneity of the reference sample used for electron microprobe x‐ray analysis is a crucial factor for the accuracy of quantitative determinations of the specimen content. The homogeneity assessment procedure based on Poisson statistics, that involves an x‐ray generation probability, fails to account for some error‐contributing factors.An investigation technique is developed underlain by two‐factor dispersion analysis, in order to make an all‐round assessment of standards homogeneity involving all error‐contributing factors in analytical line intensity measurements. The homogeneity assessment data must comply with the current requirements for the quantitative analysis accuracy. The proposed technique was used to assess homogeneity of arsenopyrite specimens. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cadmium(II) Complexes with 2,2′‐Dithiodibenzoate Ligand: Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Emission Properties
Authors: Hu Min , Ma Song‐Tao , Guo Liang‐Qi , Zhou Li‐Ming , Gao Li‐Jun , Fang Shao‐Ming , Liu Chun‐Sen 
Published: October 2009

AbstractTwo new CdII complexes formulated as {[Cd3(L)4](H2O)(CH3OH)3(Hdmpy)2}∞ (1) and {[Cd2(L)2(phen)2(H2O)2]}∞ (2) were prepared by a slow diffusion method from mixtures of 2,2′‐dithiodibenzoic acid (H2L) and Cd(ClO4)2·6H2O in the presence or absence of auxiliary phen ligand (L = 2,2′‐dithiodibenzoate, Hdmpy = protonated 2,6‐dimethylpyridine, and phen = 1,10‐phenanthroline). Their structures were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction technique. Complex 1 possesses a three‐dimensional (3D) α‐Po‐related framework containing [Cd3(L)4]2– cluster units as secondary building block, with a 41263 topology symbol. Complex 2 takes a one‐dimensional (1D) helical chain structure that is further assembled into a two‐dimensional (2D) network by the co‐effects of the inter‐chain O–H···O and C–H···O hydrogen bonds as well as π···π stacking interactions. Complexes 1 and 2 are both photoluminescent active materials, and their emission properties are closely related to their intrinsic structure arrangements.
Outcome of surgical treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma: a special reference to postoperative morbidity and mortality
Authors: Hirano Satoshi , Kondo Satoshi , Tanaka Eiichi , Shichinohe Toshiaki , Tsuchikawa Takahiro , Kato Kentaro , Matsumoto Joe , Kawasaki Ryosuke 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBackground/purposeRadical resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma is still associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to analyze short‐term surgical outcomes and to validate our strategies, including preoperative management and selection of operative procedure.MethodsWe surgically treated 146 consecutive patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma with a management strategy consisting of preoperative biliary drainage, portal vein embolization, and selection of operative procedure based on tumor extension and hepatic reserve. Major hepatectomy was conducted in 126 patients, and caudate lobectomy or hilar bile duct resection in 20 patients.ResultsThe overall 5‐year survival rate was 35.5%, with overall in‐hospital mortality and morbidity rates of 3.4 and 44%, respectively. Hyperbilirubinemia (total bilirubin >5 mg/dL, persisted for >7 postoperative days) and liver abscess were the most frequent complications. Five among 9 patients with liver failure (total bilirubin >10 mg/dL) encountered in‐hospital mortality. Four out of 5 mortality patients had suffered circulatory impairment of the remnant liver due to other complications. Multivariate analysis revealed that operative time is a single independent significant predictive factor (odds ratio, 1.005; 95% confidence interval, 1.000–1.010,P = 0.04) for postoperative complications.ConclusionsAggressive resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma, performed in accordance with strict management strategy, achieved acceptably low mortality. Prolonged operative time was a risk for morbidity following hepatobiliary resection.
Fruit and vegetable intake in Austrian adults: intake frequency, serving sizes, reasons for and barriers to consumption, and potential for increasing consumption
Authors: Schätzer Manuel , Rust Petra , Elmadfa Ibrahim 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the intake frequency of fruit and vegetables, serving sizes, reasons for and barriers to consumption, and the potential for increasing fruit and vegetable intake.DesignA nationwide postal questionnaire survey was conducted in 2006 over all four seasons. The participants were stratified according to occupation and sex. The response rate for 5130 questionnaires sent out was 52·7 %.SettingAustria.SubjectsAustrian adults, aged 19–64 years.ResultsDaily fruit consumption was reported by 57·1 % of the participants and daily vegetable consumption by 36·2 %. On average, 2·1 (sd 1·9) servings (250 (sd 225) g) of fruit and 1·7 (sd 1·3) servings (198 (sd 159) g) of vegetables were consumed daily. Women ate fruit and vegetables both more frequently and in greater quantities than men. Both intake frequency and the number of fruit and vegetable servings were largely independent of seasonal fluctuations. The primary reason for the consumption of both fruit and vegetables was taste. The greatest barrier to higher intake was the perception that current individual consumption was already sufficient. Price did not constitute a relevant barrier in Austria. At present, the potential for increasing fruit and vegetable intake can be estimated at two servings.ConclusionsAustrian adults still consume less fruit and vegetables than recommended. Strategies to increase intake should pay more attention to the taste instead of the various health aspects.
Dietary carbohydrates and change in physical performance of elderly Europeans: Survey in Europe on Nutrition and the Elderly, a Concerted Action (SENECA) 1993 and 1999
Authors: Kynde Iben , Bjørnsbo Kirsten S , Tetens Inge , Heitmann Berit L 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo study dietary glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) in association with physical performance in elderly Europeans.DesignCross-sectional and prospective study. Physical performance was measured using the Physical Performance Test (PPT) score on a scale from 0 to 27, where high scores indicate a better physical performance. Habitual diets were measured using diet history interviews and dietary GI and GL were estimated from table values.SettingEight towns/centres from the Survey in Europe on Nutrition and the Elderly, a Concerted Action (SENECA) in 1993 and 1999.SubjectsSeven hundred and sixty-five men and women, 75–80 years old, were examined in 1993; of these, 357 (47 %) were followed up in 1999, at age 80–85 years.ResultsAt baseline, both dietary GI and GL were significantly inversely associated with PPT scores (P= 0·03 andP= 0·05, respectively). When adjusted for age, BMI, physical activity, self-perceived health, chronic diseases and town/centre, the strength of the associations was attenuated and became non-significant (GI,P= 0·08; GL,P= 0·92). Dietary GI/GL were not associated with PPT scores 6 years later.ConclusionsAmong elderly Europeans, a high glycaemic diet was associated with a low physical performance at baseline but not 6 years later. Cross-sectional associations may in part be caused by variations in age, BMI, physical activity, self-perceived health, chronic diseases and geographic location.
Malnutrition in free-living elderly in rural south India: prevalence and risk factors
Authors: Vedantam Aditya , Subramanian Vijay , Vijay Rao Nicholas , John KR 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of malnutrition among free-living elderly in a rural population of south India.DesignCross-sectional study. Nutritional status was assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) questionnaire, which is an eighteen-item nutritional screening instrument used in the elderly.SettingKaniyambadi block, a rural development block in the state of Tamil Nadu, south India.SubjectsCommunity-dwelling elderly (aged 60 years and above).ResultsAs evaluated by the MNA, 14 % of the 227 subjects were malnourished and 49 % were at risk of malnourishment. No significant difference was found between men and women. The majority of the elderly were living with their children, had no income and consumed three meals per day. Older age (P < 0·001), decreased food intake (P < 0·001) and consuming fewer meals (P < 0·001) were independently associated with lower MNA scores.ConclusionsMore than 60 % of the subjects had low MNA scores (<23·5) indicating that deficient protein–energy intake is common among rural elderly of south India and requires more attention.
The History of Italian Volcanoes Revised by Archeomagnetism
Authors: Tanguy Jean‐Claude , LeGoff Maxime , Arrighi Simone , Principe Claudia , LaDelfa Santo , Patanè Guiseppe 
Published: October 2009

The volcanoes Etna and Vesuvius are famous for their historical record, which goes back to Greek and Roman times. The name “Etna” first appears in one of Pindar's Pythian odes (475 B.C.E), and the Vesuvius outburst in 79 C.E. was reported in detail by Pliny the Younger. Other written accounts mention Stromboli and Vulcano (located on the Aeolian Islands), so it might seem that the eruptive history of these Italian volcanoes for the past few millennia is well known.This is not the case, however, because of many limitations in the historical data. There are enormous gaps due to social events such as wars, barbarian invasions, and the Dark Ages. In particular, the historical record has no valuable account at Etna from 252 to 1062 C.E. Furthermore, the preserved documents are too imprecise to identify the lavas and eruptive systems. Most of the ages prior to 1700 C.E. displayed in the present research catalogs were attributed by pioneering geologists in the 1800s on the mere basis of the morphology of flows. These estimates remained unchanged for nearly a century—for example, the Atlas de L'Etna by Sartorius von Waltershausen [1845] was used unaltered for age attribution of “historical lavas” in much more recent geological maps [e.g., Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 1979].
How Apollo Flew to the Moon
Authors: Watkins Nick 
Published: October 2009

Eos readers who were even young children in the summer of 1969 probably will remember the first Moon landing vividly. If, like myself, they went on to develop a lifelong interest in manned spaceflight, they will have read many accounts in the intervening years, as diverse as Norman Mailer's, Andrew Chaikin's, and the first‐person reminiscences of NASA astronaut Michael Collins. The prospect of another book about the Moon landing at first may seem uninspiring, and I confess this was my original reaction to the prospect of reading this book.Additionally, in the intervening 40 years since Apollo 11, there have been some superb films including For All Mankind (1989) and In the Shadow of the Moon (2006). The Internet has brought new possibilities for space documentation. The best known Web site on the Apollo missions is the Apollo Lunar Surface Journal, which now is hosted by NASA at http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/. The Web site includes commentary from all of the surviving Moon walkers. Scottish space enthusiast W. David Woods created the companion Apollo Flight Journal, found at http://history.nasa.gov/afj/, which focuses on how the missions actually got to the Moon and back. Now Woods has distilled the information into the book How Apollo Flew to the Moon.
A debate: Retire FORTRAN?: No
Authors: Kuck David J. , Wolfe Michael 
Published: October 2009

To take full advantage of the ever more complex architectures of the latest supercomputers, users are having to write increasingly intricate programs. Thus, one of the most pressing questions associated with the powerful new concurrent processors is how to make them practical for ordinary users. In our opinion, answering this question means figuring out how to use algorithms, languages and compilers to give users four crucial capabilities and tools, namely
▸ The ability to use old programs, in old languages, as well as new programs, in old or new languages.
▸ New languages that allow one to express, in a well-structured form, algorithms that are amenable to parallel processing.
▸ Software that is able to exploit effectively all available architectural features, for use in developing and compiling programs in old and new languages.
▸ Packages and library routines that provide standard algorithms that are very amenable to parallel processing.
Qupe—a Rich Internet Application to take a step forward in the analysis of mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics experiments
Authors: Albaum Stefan P. , Neuweger Heiko , Fränzel Benjamin , Lange Sita , Mertens Dominik , Trötschel Christian , Wolters Dirk , Kalinowski Jörn , Nattkemper Tim W. , Goesmann Alexander 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Motivation: The goal of present -omics sciences is to understand biological systems as a whole in terms of interactions of the individual cellular components. One of the main building blocks in this field of study is proteomics where tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in combination with isotopic labelling techniques provides a common way to obtain a direct insight into regulation at the protein level. Methods to identify and quantify the peptides contained in a sample are well established, and their output usually results in lists of identified proteins and calculated relative abundance values. The next step is to move ahead from these abstract lists and apply statistical inference methods to compare measurements, to identify genes that are significantly up- or down-regulated, or to detect clusters of proteins with similar expression profiles.
Results: We introduce the Rich Internet Application (RIA) Qupe providing comprehensive data management and analysis functions for LC-MS/MS experiments. Starting with the import of mass spectra data the system guides the experimenter through the process of protein identification by database search, the calculation of protein abundance ratios, and in particular, the statistical evaluation of the quantification results including multivariate analysis methods such as analysis of variance or hierarchical cluster analysis. While a data model to store these results has been developed, a well-defined programming interface facilitates the integration of novel approaches. A compute cluster is utilized to distribute computationally intensive calculations, and a web service allows to interchange information with other -omics software applications. To demonstrate that Qupe represents a step forward in quantitative proteomics analysis an application study on Corynebacterium glutamicum has been carried out.
Availability and Implementation: Qupe is implemented in Java utilizing Hibernate, Echo2, R and the Spring framework. We encourage the usage of the RIA in the sense of the ‘software as a service’ concept, maintained on our servers and accessible at the following location: http://qupe.cebitec.uni-bielefeld.de
Contact: stefan.albaum@cebitec.uni-bielefeld.de
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Pathway identification by network pruning in the metabolic network of Escherichia coli
Authors: Gerlee P. , Lizana L. , Sneppen K. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Motivation: All metabolic networks contain metabolites, such as ATP and NAD, known as currency metabolites, which take part in many reactions. These are often removed in the study of these networks, but no consensus exists on what actually constitutes a currency metabolite, and it is also unclear how these highly connected nodes contribute to the global structure of the network.
Results: In this article, we analyse how the Escherichia coli metabolic network responds to pruning in the form of sequential removal of metabolites with highest degree. As expected this leads to network fragmentation, but the process by which it occurs suggests modularity and long-range correlations within the network. We find that the pruned networks contain longer paths than the random expectation, and that the paths that survive the pruning also exhibit a lower cost (number of involved metabolites) compared with random paths in the full metabolic network. Finally we confirm that paths detected by pruning overlap with known metabolic pathways. We conclude that pruning reveals functional pathways in metabolic networks, where currency metabolites may be seen as ingredients in a well-balanced soup in which main metabolic production lines are immersed.
Contact: gerlee@nbi.dk
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Exon Array Analyzer: a web interface for Affymetrix exon array analysis
Authors: Gellert Pascal , Uchida Shizuka , Braun Thomas 
Published: October 2009

AbstractSummary: The Exon Array Analyzer (EAA) is a web server, which provides a user-friendly interface to identify alternative splicing events analyzed with Affymetrix Exon Arrays. The EAA implements the Splice Index algorithm to identify differential expressed exons. The use of various filters allows reduction of the number of false positive hits. Results are presented with detailed annotation information and graphics to identify splice events and to facilitate biological validations. To demonstrate the versatility of the EAA, we analyzed exon arrays of 11 different murine tissues using sample data provided by Affymetrix (http://www.affymetrix.com). Data from the heart were compared with other tissues to identify exons that undergo heart-specific alternatively splicing, resulting in the identification of 885 differentially expressed probe sets in 649 genes.Availability: The web interface is available at http://EAA.mpi-bn.mpg.de/. Detailed documentation is available on the EAA web site (http://EAA.mpi-bn.mpg.de/supp.php) including screen shots, example analyzes and step by step instructions.Contact: thomas.braun@mpi-bn.mpg.deSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Advances in experimental methods for the elucidation of Pseudomonas syringae effector function with a focus on AvrPtoB
Authors: MUNKVOLD KATHY R. , MARTIN GREGORY B. 
Published: October 2009

SUMMARY Pseudomonas syringae infects a wide range of plant species through the use of a type III secretion system. The effector proteins injected into the plant cell through this molecular syringe serve as promoters of disease by subverting the plant immune response to the benefit of the bacteria in the intercellular space. The targets and activities of a subset of effectors have been elucidated recently. In this article, we focus on the experimental approaches that have proved most successful in probing the molecular basis of effectors, ranging from loss‐of‐function to gain‐of‐function analyses utilizing several techniques for effector delivery into plants. In particular, we highlight how these diverse approaches have been applied to the study of one effector—AvrPtoB—a multifunctional protein with the ability to suppress both effector‐triggered immunity and pathogen (or microbe)‐associated molecular pattern‐triggered immunity. Taken together, advances in this field illustrate the need for multiple experimental approaches when elucidating the function of a single effector.
Diversity and composition of trees and shrubs in Kasagala forest: a semiarid savannah woodland in central Uganda
Authors: Gwali Samson , Okullo Paul , Hafashimana David , Byabashaija Denis Mujuni 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe diversity and composition of trees and shrubs of ≥5 cm diameter at breast height (DBH) were investigated in Kasagala woodland in central Uganda using 1 ha permanent sample plots. A total of 2745 trees and shrubs with a mean stem density of 686 ha−1 were recorded. These included 69 tree species belonging to 28 families and 47 genera. There was a larger number of small stems compared with that of larger stems. There was significant variation in stem size class distribution between the plots (F = 3.14, P = 0.027). The variation in stem densities (counts) across different size classes was significant (F = 8.31, P < 0.001). Species diversity was higher in the low lands compared with that in the elevated sites in the woodland. The species encountered were unevenly distributed across the plots. Species abundance was not significantly different across the sample plots (F = 2.63, P = 0.053). We suggest that the structure of the forest is typical of any regenerating forest, but other human influences may have played a part in the dominance of size classes <10 cm DBH. The causes of the present status and composition of the woodland require further investigation.
Response of waterbird species to fluctuating water levels in tropical coastal wetlands
Authors: Gbogbo Francis , Oduro William , Oppong Samuel Kingsley 
Published: October 2009

AbstractRecent upsurges in the incidence of dam construction over rivers for farming and hydro electric power in the West African sub‐region is a known promoter of fluctuating water levels on tropical coastal wetlands. Waterbirds, being one of the dominant fauna on wetlands, are key species that can be affected by fluctuating water levels. Waterbird census and water level monitoring at four coastal wetlands in Ghana revealed that different guilds (species assemblages) of waterbirds responded differently to fluctuating water levels. The populations density of birds in guilds 1 (ducks and cormorants), 3 (tactile surface foraging waders), 4 (pelagic foraging waders) and 5 (stalking herons and egrets) significantly (P < 0.05) increased linearly with decreasing water levels. The population density of birds in guilds 2 (visual surface foraging waders) and 7 (fishing terns) responded significantly (P < 0.05) in a second order polynomial function with optimum numbers occurring when water levels were neither too high nor too low. As far as farming and energy requirement are met from these dams, it is important that the ecological needs of waterbirds on wetlands are incorporated into the management of these dams so as to maintain appropriate water levels beneficial to waterbird populations.
Variability in survival and mortality of Acacia drepanolobium Sjøstedt following prescribed burning at Olpejeta Conservancy, Kenya
Authors: Wahungu Geoffrey M. , Mureu Lucy K. , Macharia Paul G. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractMortalities to Acacia drepanolobium, a main item in the diet of the eastern black rhino (Diceros bicornis Michaeli) in Olpejeta conservancy, Kenya, are caused by three main factors: drought, browsers and fire. The effect of controlled fires on A. drepanolobium was examined by monitoring survival and growth in experimental plots before and after fire episodes between 2003 and 2007. Density, survival and growth in A. drepanolobium trees were compared eighteen months before and after burning. Tall trees were more likely to die from fire compared to short trees (R2 = 0.575; df = 6; P = 0.048), while seedling densities increased after fire (χ2 = 36.57; df = 1; P = 0.001). Even with increased seedling densities, burned areas attracted large numbers of seedling predators, lowering the possibility of seedling recruitment into adult, as mean seedling heights reduced significantly (ANOVA, F = 204.42; df = 1; P = 0.036). Fires also significantly lowered flowering (F = 346; df = 1; P < 0.05) in A. drepanolobium, thereby affecting fruit production. Although fires caused mortalities to adult A. drepanolobium, the most significant effect was tree reversals into seedling height class as trees resprouted. Although fire may increase browse biomass of A. drepanolobium available for black rhino, it is not an appropriate black rhino habitat management tool because burnt areas attract many seedling predators that lower seedling recruitment into adult trees.