bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydro-businesses: National and Global Demands on the São Francisco River Basin Environment of Brazil
Authors: Nascimento Lucigleide Nery , Becker Mimi Larsen 
Published: December 2010

SummaryThe São Francisco River provided very obvious, close-by forms of sustenance for local communities. Beginning in the mid-1950s, the river became the place for large hydro-electric facilities, large-scale flooding, and population resettlement. A decade later, the federal government began working on pilot irrigation projects that would lead to areas described today as the Brazilian California. Hydro-power for Brazilian cities such as Recife and Salvador and irrigation for grapes and mangoes destined for the United States and Europe are among the eco-system services this river supplies. The purpose of federal policies for the north-east went beyond mitigation of the consequences of droughts, the hydraulic approach, and started to follow an economic approach based upon development; as a consequence, river and user came to be distant from one another. The two major intensive uses of the river, electricity and irrigation, threaten the long-term sustainability of this system.
Production of high-intensity proton fluxes by a 2ω Nd:glass laser beam
Authors: Badziak J. , Jabłoński S. , Parys P. , Szydłowski A. , Fuchs J. , Mancic A. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe results of numerical and experimental studies of high-intensity proton beam generation using a 2ω or 1ω Nd:glass laser beam irradiating a thin hydrogen-rich target are reported. The effect of the laser wavelength (λ), intensity (IL) and pulse duration as well as the target thickness, and the preplasma density gradient scale length on proton beam parameters, and the laser-protons energy conversion efficiency were examined by particle-in-cell simulations. Both the simulations and measurements, performed on the LULI 100 TW laser facility atILup to 2 × 1019W/cm2, prove that at theILλ2product fixed, the 2ω laser driver can produce proton beams of intensity, current density and energy fluence significantly higher than the ones which could be achieved using the 1ω driver. In particular, atILλ2~(0.5–1) × 1020Wcm−2µm2the 2ω picosecond driver makes it possible to generate multi-MeV proton beams of intensity and current density in excess of 1021W/cm2and 1014A/cm2, respectively, with the conversion efficiency above 10%.
Enhancement of monoenergetic proton beamsviacone substrate in high intensity laser pulse-double layer target interactions
Authors: Zhou Weimin , Gu Yuqiu , Hong Wei , Cao Leifeng , Zhao Zongqing , Ding Yongkun , Zhang Baohan , Cai Hongbo , Mima Kunioki 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA scheme capable of enhancing the energy of monoenergetic protons in high intensity laser-plasma interactions is proposed and demonstrated by two dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. The focusing of laser light pulse and the guiding of surface currentviathe highZmaterial cone-shaped substrate increase the temperature of hot electrons, which are responsible for the electrostatic field accelerating protons. Moreover, the sub-micron proton layer coated on the cone-shaped substrate makes the total proton beam experience the same accelerating field, thus the monochromaticity is maintained. Compared to the normal film double layer target, the energy of monoenergetic proton beams can be improved about three times.
A Psychiatric Clinic within a Geriatric Medical Day Hospital: Descriptive Study
Authors: Agbayewa M. Oluwafemi 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTA survey of the first two years of a psychiatric clinic within a geriatric medical day hospital was undertaken to determine the role of such a clinic. Forty per cent of all day hospital attenders were referred for psychiatric evaluation: at least 80 per cent of these had major psychiatric diagnoses and 20 per cent had other conditions needing psychosocial intervention. Depression and dementia accounted for 62 per cent of all psychiatric referrals. Those who were referred to the psychiatric clinic were quite comparable to the unreferred group in age, sex, marital status, pre-retirement employment and source of referral to the day hospital. The outcomes of intervention at three, six and 12 months were similar in both groups but referred patients stayed longer in the program. It is concluded that such a clinic provides a necessary mental health service where it is needed.
Pain, Anxiety and Analgesics: A Comparative Study of Elderly and Younger Surgical Patients
Authors: Oberle Kathleen , Paul Pauline , Wry Judy , Grace Michael 
Published: December 2010

RÉSUMÉAfin de déterminer si l'expérience postopératoire diffère entre les patients âgés et les patients plus jeunes, 41 patients âgés (65 ans et plus) et 249 patients plus jeunes (moins de 65 ans) participèrent à cette étude. La douleur et l'anxiété furent mesurées les deuxième et troisième jours postopératoires. L'anxiété fut aussi mesurée avant la chirurgie. Le nombre d'analgésiques presents et donnés, ainsi que le délai entre l'administration du dernier analgésique et l'evaluation de la douleur furent notés. Tandis que l'intensité de la douleur ne variait pas significativement, le nombre d'analgésiques donnés était significativement différent, les personnes âgées en recevant moins. Les patients des deux groupes reçurent moins d'analgésiques le troisième jour postopératoire, indépendamment de l'intensité de la douleur. Les sujets des deux groupes choisirent les descripteurs de douleur de façon presque identique. De fortes associations furent observées entre l'anxiété postopératoire et la douleur, alors que l'anxiété préopératoire et la douleur, ne semblèrent pas reliées. II fut conclu que les professionels de la santé traitent la douleur des personnes âgées et plus jeunes de façon similaire, et que les personnes âgées requièrent moins d'analgésiques.
Factors Predicting Medicine Use in Institutionalized and Non-institutionalized Elderly
Authors: McKim William A. , Stones Michael J. , Kozma Albert 
Published: December 2010

RÉSUMÉPour cette étude, une quantité de données démographiques sur la santé et la personnalité ont été recueillies à partir d'échantillons de persones âgées institutionnalisées et non-institutionnalisées à Terre-Neuve. Puis ces données ont été reportées au nombre de médicaments utilisés. Dans les deux échantillons, l'analyse a démontré que l'usage de médicaments peut être prédit d'abord et avant tout en tenant compte de la gravité de la maladie (Disease Severity), une combinaison du nombre de différentes maladies ou désordres et leur gravité. Ce facteur représente entre 28 et 33 pour cent de la variance. Aucun autre facteur n'a prédit l'usage de médicaments chez les personnes âgées institutionnalisées. Cependant, chez les gens âgés non-institutionnalisés, le baromètre de la santé (Health Rating), c'est-à-dire la façon dont la personne perçoit son état de santé, représente un autre 5 à 7 pour cent de la variance. Il n'y a aucun effet de réciprocité entre la gravité de la maladie (Disease Severity) et le baromètre de la santé (Health Rating), mais ces deux facteurs contribuent indépendamment et de façon complémentaire à prédire l'usage de médicaments. Ces deux facteurs servent également à prédire l'usage total de médicaments et les changements de médications durant une période de 12 à 18 mois. Le sexe et l'âge ne représentent pas des éléments qui aident à prédire l'usage de médicaments lorsqu'on tient compte de la variance causée par la gravité de la maladie (Disease Severity) et le baromètre de la santé (Health Rating).
Le loisir des aîné(e)s résidant en immeubles à logements multiples
Authors: Ouellette Pierre , Vienneau Jean-Guy , Thibault Jacques 
Published: December 2010

RÉSUMÉCette étude évalue la participation au loisir des résident(e)s de deux immeubles à logements multiples à partir des variables sexe, langue maternelle, éducation, motivation face au loisir et adhérence à un club d'âge d'or. Des analyses de la variance par voie de régression multiple font ressortir cinq catégories de participation significatives: (a) paroissiale, (b) physique, (c) populaire, (d) sociale, et (e) groupe organisé. Les diverses implications de ces résultats sont présentées en fonction de la programmation des loisirs dans les habitations à logements multiples.
Manipulation of the host by pathogens to survive the lysosome
Authors: Pryor Paul R. , Raines Sally A. 
Published: December 2010

Lysosomes form part of our innate immunity and are an important line of defence against microbes, viruses and parasites. Although it is more than 50 years since de Duve discovered lysosomes, it is only in more recent years that we are slowly unravelling the molecular mechanisms involved in the delivery of material to the lysosome. However, successful intracellular pathogens often have a better grip on the mechanisms involved in delivery to the lysosome and can manipulate membrane trafficking pathways to create an intracellular environment that is favourable for replication. By studying pathogen effector proteins that are secreted into the host's cytosol, we can learn about both pathogen-survival mechanisms and further regulatory elements involved in trafficking to the lysosome.
Endolysosomal calcium regulation and disease
Authors: Lloyd-Evans Emyr , Waller-Evans Helen , Peterneva Ksenia , Platt Frances M. 
Published: December 2010

Until recently, the mechanisms that regulate endolysosomal calcium homoeostasis were poorly understood. The discovery of the molecular target of NAADP (nicotinic acid–adenine dinucleotide phosphate) as the two-pore channels resident in the endolysosomal system has highlighted this compartment as an important calcium store. The recent findings that dysfunctional NAADP release leads to defective endocytic function which in turn results in secondary lipid accumulation in the lysosomal storage disease Niemann–Pick type C, is the first evidence of a direct connection between a human disease and defective lysosomal calcium release. In the present review, we provide a summary of the current knowledge on mechanisms of calcium homoeostasis within the endolysosomal system and how these mechanisms may be affected in human metabolic disorders.
Translation termination in human mitochondrial ribosomes
Authors: Richter Ricarda , Pajak Aleksandra , Dennerlein Sven , Rozanska Agata , Lightowlers Robert N. , Chrzanowska-Lightowlers Zofia M.A. 
Published: December 2010

Mitochondria are ubiquitous and essential organelles for all nucleated cells of higher eukaryotes. They contain their own genome [mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA)], and this autosomally replicating extranuclear DNA encodes a complement of genes whose products are required to couple oxidative phosphorylation. Sequencing of this human mtDNA more than 20 years ago revealed unusual features that included a modified codon usage. Specific deviations from the standard genetic code include recoding of the conventional UGA stop to tryptophan, and, strikingly, the apparent recoding of two arginine triplets (AGA and AGG) to termination signals. This latter reassignment was made because of the absence of cognate mtDNA-encoded tRNAs, and a lack of tRNAs imported from the cytosol. Each of these codons only occurs once and, in both cases, at the very end of an open reading frame. The presence of both AGA and AGG is rarely found in other mammals, and the molecular mechanism that has driven the change from encoding arginine to dictating a translational stop has posed a challenging conundrum. Mitochondria from the majority of other organisms studied use only UAA and UAG, leaving the intriguing question of why human organelles appear to have added the complication of a further two stop codons, AGA and AGG, or have they? In the present review, we report recent data to show that mammalian mitochondria can utilize a −1 frameshift such that only the standard UAA and UAG stop codons are required to terminate the synthesis of all 13 polypeptides.
Undergraduate Elementary Education Majors' Knowledge of Augmentative and Alternative Communication
Authors: Kessel Lindsay , Sickman Linda Sue 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
This study describes survey results measuring the knowledge undergraduate elementary education major students have about augmentative and alternative communication. Those students with experience and course knowledge surrounding AAC were more knowledgeable. Implications for speech-language pathologists (SLPs) will be addressed, including how SLPs can provide classroom teachers with classroom support for general education teachers.
Reliability of the Conversational Interaction Coding Form When Applied to Natural Conversation of Individuals With Aphasia
Authors: Coote Ashley Pozzolo , Pimentel Jane 
Published: December 2010

Purpose: Development of valid and reliable outcome tools to document social approaches to aphasia therapy and to determine best practice is imperative. The aim of this study is to determine whether the Conversational Interaction Coding Form (CICF; Pimentel & Algeo, 2009) can be applied reliably to the natural conversation of individuals with aphasia in a group setting.
Method: Eleven graduate students participated in this study. During a 90-minute training session, participants reviewed and practiced coding with the CICF. Then participants independently completed the CICF using video recordings of individuals with non-fluent and fluent aphasia participating in an aphasia group. Interobserver reliability was computed using matrices representative of the point-to-point agreement or disagreement between each participant's coding and the authors' coding for each measure. Interobserver reliability was defined as 80% or better agreement for each measure.
Results: On the whole, the CICF was not applied reliably to the natural conversation of individuals with aphasia in a group setting.
Conclusion: In an extensive review of the turns that had high disagreement across participants, the poor reliability was attributed to inadequate rules and definitions and inexperienced coders. Further research is needed to improve the reliability of this potentially useful clinical tool.
Gold adatoms and clusters on PPV: An ab initio investigation
Authors: Brito W. H. , Silva R. A. , Miwa R. H. 
Published: December 2010

We have performed an ab initio investigation of the energetic, structural, electronic, and vibrational properties of Au atoms and clusters adsorbed on poly-p-phenylene vinylene (PPV) chains, Aun/PPV (with n = 1, 2, 6, 7, 10, and 12). We find that the Aun/PPV systems are energetically stable by 0.5 eV, compared with the isolated systems, viz., PPV chain and Aun clusters, thus supporting the formation of Aun/PPV nanocomposites. Further support to the formation of Aun/PPV has been provided by examining the vibrational properties of pristine PPV and Aun/PPV systems. In agreement with experimental measurements, we find a reduction on the in-plane vibrational frequency of C–C bonds of Aun/PPV, when compared with the same vibrational modes of pristine PPV. The electronic properties of isolated Aun clusters are modified when adsorbed on PPV. The highest occupied states of Aun/PPV are mostly concentrated on the Aun cluster, while the lowest unoccupied states are mainly localized along the PPV chain. The HOMO–LUMO energy gap of the Aun/PPV systems are smaller than the energy gap of the isolated systems, Aun clusters, and pristime PPV chains.
Individualized Catheter Surveillance among Neonates: A Prospective, 8-Year, Single-Center Experience
Authors: Zingg Walter , Posfay-Barbe Klara M. , Pfister Riccardo E. , Touveneau Sylvie , Pittet Didier 
Published: December 2010

Objective.To monitor trends in central line-associated bloodstream infections and clinical sepsis (CLABICS) among neonates and to determine risk factors for infection, especially dwell time.Design.Prospective, single-center cohort study conducted from 2001 through 2008.Setting.University-affiliated tertiary care center.Methods.Individualized surveillance of catheter use and CLABICS episodes was conducted. Data were obtained via regular on-site visits made 3 times a week. Trends over time were estimated by Poisson regression, and risk factor analysis was conducted using a Cox proportional hazards model and logistic regression.Results.In all, 1,124 neonates were exposed to 2,210 central lines for a total of 12,746 catheter-days and 11,467 catheter-days at risk. The median duration of catheter use was 8 (interquartile range, 5–11) days for peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) and 4 (interquartile range, 2-6) days for umbilical catheters; 102 CLABICS episodes were detected. The median time to infection was 7 days. Incidence densities were 8.5 CLABICS episodes per 1,000 catheter-days at risk and 8.0 CLABICS episodes per 1,000 catheter-days. The highest rates were identified among neonates weighing 750 g or lower (14.9 CLABICS episodes per 1,000 catheter days at risk) and for PICCs (13.2 CLABICS episodes per 1,000 catheter days at risk). Catheter dwell time was associated with CLABICS for all umbilical catheters (odds ratio [OR], 1.2 per day of use [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.1–1.3] P< .001) and for PICCs for up to 7 days (OR, 1.2 [95% CI, 1.1–1.4]; P = .041), but not thereafter (OR, 1.0 [95% CI, 0.9–1.1]; P = .90).Conclusion.Catheter dwell time is a risk factor for CLABICS during the first 7 days, irrespective of catheter type. After 7 days, PICCs are less likely to become infected.
State reduction for network intervention in probabilistic Boolean networks
Authors: Qian Xiaoning , Ghaffari Noushin , Ivanov Ivan , Dougherty Edward R. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Motivation: A key goal of studying biological systems is to design therapeutic intervention strategies. Probabilistic Boolean networks (PBNs) constitute a mathematical model which enables modeling, predicting and intervening in their long-run behavior using Markov chain theory. The long-run dynamics of a PBN, as represented by its steady-state distribution (SSD), can guide the design of effective intervention strategies for the modeled systems. A major obstacle for its application is the large state space of the underlying Markov chain, which poses a serious computational challenge. Hence, it is critical to reduce the model complexity of PBNs for practical applications.
Results: We propose a strategy to reduce the state space of the underlying Markov chain of a PBN based on a criterion that the reduction least distorts the proportional change of stationary masses for critical states, for instance, the network attractors. In comparison to previous reduction methods, we reduce the state space directly, without deleting genes. We then derive stationary control policies on the reduced network that can be naturally induced back to the original network. Computational experiments study the effects of the reduction on model complexity and the performance of designed control policies which is measured by the shift of stationary mass away from undesirable states, those associated with undesirable phenotypes. We consider randomly generated networks as well as a 17-gene gastrointestinal cancer network, which, if not reduced, has a 217 × 217 transition probability matrix. Such a dimension is too large for direct application of many previously proposed PBN intervention strategies.
Contact: xqian@cse.usf.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary information are available at Bioinformatics online.
Identifying functional miRNA–mRNA regulatory modules with correspondence latent dirichlet allocation
Authors: Liu Bing , Liu Lin , Tsykin Anna , Goodall Gregory J. , Green Jeffrey E. , Zhu Min , Kim Chang Hee , Li Jiuyong 
Published: December 2010

AbstractMotivation: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that cause mRNA degradation and translational inhibition. They are important regulators of development and cellular homeostasis through their control of diverse processes. Recently, great efforts have been made to elucidate their regulatory mechanism, but the functions of most miRNAs and their precise regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. With more and more matched expression profiles of miRNAs and mRNAs having been made available, it is of great interest to utilize both expression profiles to discover the functional regulatory networks of miRNAs and their target mRNAs for potential biological processes that they may participate in.Results: We present a probabilistic graphical model to discover functional miRNA regulatory modules at potential biological levels by integrating heterogeneous datasets, including expression profiles of miRNAs and mRNAs, with or without the prior target binding information. We applied this model to a mouse mammary dataset. It effectively captured several biological process specific modules involving miRNAs and their target mRNAs. Furthermore, without using prior target binding information, the identified miRNAs and mRNAs in each module show a large proportion of overlap with predicted miRNA target relationships, suggesting that expression profiles are crucial for both target identification and discovery of regulatory modules.Contact: bing.liu@unisa.edu.au; jiuyong.li@unisa.edu.auSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Interactive microbial genome visualization with GView
Authors: Petkau Aaron , Stuart-Edwards Matthew , Stothard Paul , Van Domselaar Gary 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Summary: GView is a Java application for viewing and examining prokaryotic genomes in a circular or linear context. It accepts standard sequence file formats and an optional style specification file to generate customizable, publication quality genome maps in bitmap and scalable vector graphics formats. GView features an interactive pan-and-zoom interface, a command-line interface for incorporation in genome analysis pipelines, and a public Application Programming Interface for incorporation in other Java applications.
Availability: GView is a freely available application licensed under the GNU Public License. The application, source code, documentation, file specifications, tutorials and image galleries are available at http://gview.ca
Contact: gary.van.domselaar@phac-aspc.gc.ca
GLay: community structure analysis of biological networks
Authors: Su Gang , Kuchinsky Allan , Morris John H. , States David J. , Meng Fan 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Summary: GLay provides Cytoscape users an assorted collection of versatile community structure algorithms and graph layout functions for network clustering and structured visualization. High performance is achieved by dynamically linking highly optimized C functions to the Cytoscape JAVA program, which makes GLay especially suitable for decomposition, display and exploratory analysis of large biological networks.
Availability: http://brainarray.mbni.med.umich.edu/glay/
Contact: sugang@umich.edu