bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leveraging fans' global football allegiances to build domestic league support
Authors: McDonald Heath , Karg Adam J. , Lock Daniel 
Published: January 2010

PurposeIt is not uncommon for sports fans to follow multiple sports teams across different sports and even several teams across different leagues of the same sport. Whereas this might be considered a competitive situation, the purpose of this paper is to examine how interest in overseas football (soccer) leagues played a symbiotic role in the successful development of an Australian national soccer league.Design/methodology/approachResults of survey data are presented from two clubs in Australia's newly formed A‐League. Three surveys were conducted over a two year period with over 3,700 season ticket holders. Specific attention is paid to fans' previous interest and exposure to football, which is then related to attitudes and behaviour associated with the new clubs.FindingsInterest in overseas clubs and leagues is found to be a major antecedent of interest in the Australian league. Those who follow teams in overseas leagues are more likely to be heavy consumers of the new local league than those who follow local leagues or had no prior experience. They also exhibit stronger attitudinal and behavioural loyalty, such as higher attendance and renewal rates of season tickets.Practical implicationsRecognising fan interest in multiple teams/leagues as positive involves a shift in management thinking away from a competitive to a collaborative stance. In this case, rapid adoption of new teams is encouraged by capitalising on strong interest in overseas leagues. This requires careful structuring and branding of the competition that mimicks familiar foreign leagues, while minimising unfavourable comparisons in areas like quality of play.Originality/valueThis study capitalises on the rare opportunity to examine foundation teams in a new national league. The findings highlight the importance and value of taking a “global” perspective to the marketing of sports, and of carefully leveraging the interest in other elite competitions to build interest in new leagues.
Visualising and measuring intellectual capital in capital markets: a research method
Authors: Lock Lee Laurence , Guthrie James 
Published: January 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe a research method successfully used to study intellectual capital (IC) and IC flows through a highly networked marketplace.Design/methodology/approachThe method integrates computer‐assisted content analysis (CA) and multivariate statistics. The CA is performed on a large source of business and analyst reports. The method is successful in enabling the elements of IC to be related to firm performance, using 156 firms in the global information technology market as a testing ground.FindingsComputer‐assisted CA techniques could be successfully used to analyse the larger samples of firms for IC attributes like human capital, internal capital and external or relational capital, than have previously been feasible using manual CA methods.Research limitations/implicationsSeveral limitations of the method are identified and relate to the computer‐assisted CA method used. First, the method relies on the existence of a large body of content, in this case business reports and articles, to create the indices for the IC attributes. A second limitation is that the IC attributes are constructed from public sources (i.e. they represent the view of external reporters, rather than internal to the organisation reporters). The method presented combines and extends the benefits of both qualitative and quantitative methods. The richer source of IC content for a larger sample of firms is made accessible through computer‐assisted CA. The overall method enables insights to be explored in relating firm IC to firm performance in the market place.Originality/valueThe integrated research method presented is the result of original research. The value to researchers is the opportunity it provides to study the IC/performance relationship across markets, rather than be limited to small sample or limited attribute studies.
Situated and transformative learning: exploring the potential of critical reflection to enhance organizational knowledge
Authors: Karalis Thanassis 
Published: January 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss a combination of basic elements of two different and contemporary approaches to learning in enhancing knowledge in organizations.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based mainly on a literature review trying to combine elements of two different approaches of adult learning.FindingsAlthough situated learning and transformative learning start from different viewpoints, they can be combined in the making of the reflective practitioner and professionalOriginality/valueThe proposal presented here shows that critical reflection can assist in developing a more effective gradual entrance for newcomers in a professional environment.
Circulating tumor cells as a surrogate marker for determining response to chemotherapy in patients with advanced gastric cancer
Authors: Matsusaka Satoshi , Chìn Keisho , Ogura Mariko , Suenaga Mitsukuni , Shinozaki Eiji , Mishima Yuji , Terui Yasuhito , Mizunuma Nobuyuki , Hatake Kiyohiko 
Published: January 2010

The purpose of this study was to quantify circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in advanced gastric cancer (AGC) patients, and to demonstrate the role of CTCs in cancer therapy. This study investigates the hypothesis that CTCs can predict clinical outcomes in patients with AGC. From November 2007 to June 2009, 52 patients with AGC were enrolled into a prospective study. The chemotherapy regimen was an S‐1‐based regimen (S‐1 with or without cisplatin) or paclitaxel. CTCs of whole blood at baseline, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks after initiation of chemotherapy, were isolated and enumerated using immunomagnetics. Patients with ≥4 CTCs at 2‐week points and 4‐week points had a shorter median progression‐free survival (PFS) (1.4, 1.4 months, respectively) than those with the median PFS of <4 CTCs (4.9, 5.0 months, respectively) (log‐rank test; P < 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively). Patients with ≥4 CTCs at 2‐week points and 4‐week points had shorter median overall survival (OS) (3.5, 4.0 months, respectively) than those with the median PFS of <4 CTCs (11.7, 11.4 months, respectively) (log‐rank test; P < 0.001, P = 0.001, respectively). In conclusion, this study demonstrates that CTC measurement may be useful as a surrogate marker for determining response to S‐1‐based or paclitaxel regimens in AGC.(Cancer Sci 2010; 101: 1067–1071)
Diachronous isotopic and sedimentary responses to topographic change as indicators of mid‐Eocene hydrologic reorganization in the western United States
Authors: Kent‐Corson Malinda L. , Mulch Andreas , Graham Stephan A. , Carroll Alan R. , Ritts Bradley D. , Chamberlain C. Page 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTEarly Cenozoic terrestrial deposits in the western United States represent well‐preserved archives of climatic and tectonic processes that together shaped the Earth's surface during the demise of a large continental plateau. This study examines a Cenozoic terrestrial sedimentary sequence in the central part of the Cordilleran orogen (Montana) using sedimentologic and geochemical techniques. At ∼49 Ma, we observe rapid major shifts in oxygen, carbon and strontium isotope records that are too large to directly reflect changes in meteoric water composition due to simple orographic rainout. The transition to low‐δ18O values in pedogenic carbonate in concert with changes in the composition of clastic material at ∼49 Ma points to the input of evolved meteoric water to the hydrological cycle due to a change in the source of waters reaching Cordilleran intermontane regions in southwestern Montana. This drainage reorganization coincides with the initiation of magmatism and extension to the west in what is now Montana and Idaho. The sedimentological record shows evidence that depositional gradients increased in the study area ∼46 Ma, ∼3 Myr after the drainage reorganization occurred. This interval is most likely the time it took for extensional deformation to propagate to the study area itself. Evidence of freshening events in Laramide Basins to the southeast suggests that this drainage reorganization diverted waters to progressively fill these basins and highlights the impact of post‐plateau extension‐related landscape reorganization on river networks and lake dynamics. This study also emphasizes the importance of using multiple tools in deciphering topographic history through the study of terrestrial basin deposits, in that interpretation based on any single method employed would have compromised our ability to successfully identify the regional evolution of topography and drainage networks.
KIT mutations confer a distinct gene expression signature in core binding factor leukaemia
Authors: Lück Sonja C. , Russ Annika C. , Du Juan , Gaidzik Verena , Schlenk Richard F. , Pollack Jonathan R. , Döhner Konstanze , Döhner Hartmut , Bullinger Lars 
Published: January 2010

SummaryCore binding factor (CBF) leukaemias, characterized by either inv(16)(p13.1q22) or t(8;21)(q22;q22), constitute acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) subgroups with favourable prognosis. However, 40–50% of patients relapse, emphasizing the need for risk‐adapted treatment approaches. In this regard, studying secondary genetic aberrations, such as mutations of the KIT gene, is of great interest, particularly as they can be targeted by receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). However, so far little is known about the biology underlying KIT‐mutated CBF leukaemias. We analysed gene expression profiles of 83 CBF AML cases with known KIT mutation status in order to gain novel insights in KIT‐mutated CBF pathogenesis. KIT‐mutated cases were characterized by deregulation of genes belonging to the NFkB signalling complex suggesting impaired control of apoptosis. Notably, a subgroup of KIT wildtype cases was also characterized by the KIT mutation signature due to yet unknown aberrations. Our data suggest that this CBF leukaemia subgroup might profit from TKI therapy, however, the relevance of the KIT mutation‐associated signature remains to be validated prior to clinical implementation. Nevertheless, the existence of such a signature supports the notion of relevant biological differences in CBF leukaemia and might serve as diagnostic tool in the future.
Sustained pharmacological depletion of serum amyloid P component in patients with systemic amyloidosis
Authors: Gillmore Julian D. , Tennent Glenys A. , Hutchinson Winston L. , Gallimore Janet Ruth , Lachmann Helen J. , Goodman Hugh J.B. , Offer Mark , Millar David J. , Petrie Aviva , Hawkins Philip N. , Pepys Mark B. 
Published: January 2010

SummarySerum amyloid P component (SAP) is a universal constituent of amyloid deposits and contributes to their formation and/or persistence. We therefore developed CPHPC ((R)‐1‐[6‐[(R)‐2‐carboxy‐pyrrolidin‐1‐yl]‐6‐oxo‐hexa‐noyl]pyrrolidine‐2 carboxylic acid), a novel bis(D‐proline) drug, to specifically target SAP and report here a first, exploratory, open label proof of principle study in systemic amyloidosis. CPHPC produced sustained, >95% depletion of circulating SAP in all patients and c. 90% reduction in the SAP content of the two amyloidotic organs that became available. There were no significant adverse effects of either SAP depletion or CPHPC itself. No accumulation of amyloid was demonstrable by SAP scintigraphy in any patient on the drug. In hereditary fibrinogen amyloidosis, which is inexorably progressive, proteinuria was reduced in four of five patients receiving CPHPC and renal survival was prolonged compared to a historical control group. These promising clinical observations merit further study.
Implications of flexible foraging for interspecific interactions: lessons from simple models
Authors: Abrams Peter A. 
Published: January 2010

Summary1. Some types of flexible foraging behaviours were incorporated into ecological thought in the 1960s, but the population dynamical consequences of such behaviours are still poorly understood.2. Flexible foraging‐related traits can be classified as shifts in general and specific foraging effort, and shifts in general and specific defense.3. Many flexible foraging behaviours suggested by theory have received very little empirical attention, and empirical techniques used to compare the magnitudes of behavioural and non‐behavioural responses to predation are likely to have overestimated the behavioural components.4. Adaptively flexible foraging in theory causes significant changes in the forms of consumer functional responses and generates a variety of indirect interactions. These can alter fundamental ecological processes, such as co‐existence of competitors, and top‐down or bottom‐up effects in food webs.5. Many aspects of flexible foraging are still largely unknown, including the issues of how to represent the dynamics of such phenotypically plastic traits, how flexible traits in multiple species interact, what types of adaptive movements occur in metacommunities, and how adaptive behaviours influence evolutionary change.6. Population dynamics in large food webs may be less dependent on behavioural flexibility than in small webs because species replacement may preempt some potential types of behavioural change within species.
Scaling from individuals to networks in food webs
Authors: Stouffer Daniel B. 
Published: January 2010

Summary 1.  Food webs, the set of predator–prey interactions in an ecosystem, are a prototypical complex system. Much research to date has concentrated on the use of models to identify and explain the key structural features which characterize food webs. 2.  These models often fall into two general categories: (i) phenomenological models which are built upon a set of heuristic rules in order to explain some empirical observation and (ii) population‐level models in which interactions between individuals result in emergent properties for the food web. Both types of models have helped to uncover how food‐web structure is a product of factors such as foraging behaviour, prey selection and species’ body sizes. 3.  Historically, the two types of models have followed rather different approaches to the problem. Despite the apparent differences, the overlap between the two styles of models is substantial. Examples are highlighted here. 4.  By paying greater attention to both the similarities and differences between the two, we will be better able to demonstrate the ecological insights offered by phenomenological models. This will help us, for example, design experiments which could validate or refute underlying assumptions of the models. By linking models to data, scaling from individuals to networks, we will be closer to understanding the true origins of food‐web structure.
A metallurgical characterization of ten endodontic Ni‐Ti instruments: assessing the clinical relevance of shape memory and superelastic properties of Ni‐Ti endodontic instruments
Authors: Zinelis S. , Eliades T. , Eliades G. 
Published: January 2010

Zinelis S, Eliades T, Eliades G. A metallurgical characterization of ten endodontic Ni‐Ti instruments: assessing the clinical relevance of shape memory and superelastic properties of Ni‐Ti endodontic instruments. International Endodontic Journal, 43, 125–134, 2010.AbstractAim  To evaluate the elemental composition, microstructure and hardness of Ni‐Ti endodontic instruments and to assess the relevance of shape memory and superelastic properties.Methodology  Ten brands of Ni‐Ti endodontic instrument were evaluated (EndoSequence, Ergoflex K, FlexMaster, Hero 642, Hyflex X‐File, K3 Endo, Liberator, NRT, Profile and ProTaper). After embedding in resin and metallographic preparation the elemental composition, structure and hardness were evaluated employing SEM/energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrometer (EDX), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and microhardness measurements. The results of elemental composition and hardness were analysed statistically by one‐way anova followed by SNK test (α : 0.05). The correlation between Ni content and microhardness was examined by the Pearson test.Results  The instruments comprised of Ni (52.1–56.2%wt) and Ti (43.8 to 47.9%wt) and were classified in four different Ni content groups: ProTaper, Liberator, ProFile and K3 demonstrated higher Ni content than Hylfex X‐File but lower than Hero 642, NRT and Ergoflex. EndoSequence and FlexMaster had the highest Ni content. XRD analysis revealed the presence of the austenitic structure in all instruments. Vickers hardness values ranged from 312 (K3) to 376 VHN (Endosequence). No correlation (r2 = 0.026) was found between Ni content and hardness among the instruments tested. Microstructural and hardness data confirm that the Ni‐Ti instruments were manufactured by cold worked Ni‐Ti and do not posses shape memory or superelastic properties.Conclusions  The endodontic instruments tested were manufactured from cold worked Ni‐Ti wires and thus have neither shape memory nor superelastic properties.
Cytotoxicity evaluation of various resin based root canal sealers
Authors: Al‐Hiyasat A. S. , Tayyar M. , Darmani H. 
Published: January 2010

Al‐Hiyasat AS, Tayyar M, Darmani H. Cytotoxicity evaluation of various resin based root canal sealers. International Endodontic Journal, 43, 148–153, 2010.AbstractAim  To investigate the cytotoxic effects of four resin‐based root canal sealers, namely, AHPlus, an epoxy resin; EndoREZ, a single‐methacrylate‐based sealer; Epiphany, a multi‐methacrylate resin‐based sealer; and Metaseal, one of the latest generation methacrylate 4‐META–containing resin‐based sealers.Methodology  The materials were mixed according to the manufacturer’s instructions, and elutes of the materials were prepared by incubating 1 g of the endodontic sealers in sterile phosphate‐buffered saline for 1 week at 37 °C. The elutes were incubated with Balb C 3T3 fibroblasts for 48 h, and cytotoxic activity was measured using the MTT assay ([3‐4,5‐dimethyl thiazol‐2‐yl]‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide succinate), which tests for mitochondrial enzyme activity.Results  All materials were cytotoxic to different degrees. AHPlus was the least cytotoxic followed by EndoRez, Epiphany and Metaseal, which was the most cytotoxic. Statistical analysis of variance (anova) showed highly significant differences between the effects of the elutes of different materials on cell viability (P < 0.001). Follow‐up comparison by Tukey test showed that all the materials were significantly different from each other (P < 0.05).Conclusion  AHPlus was the most biocompatible material tested because it showed low cytotoxicity, followed by EndoRez, which was moderately cytotoxic; Epiphany, which was highly cytotoxic; and Metaseal, which was severely cytotoxic. Dilution of the elutes of the materials by tenfold markedly reduced the cytotoxic effect of AHPlus, EndoRez and Epiphany but did not affect that of the elute of Metaseal, which remained severly cytotoxic even after dilution.
A systematic literature review of incontinence care for persons with dementia: the research evidence
Authors: Hägglund Doris 
Published: January 2010

Background.  Urinary/faecal incontinence in persons with dementia is a potentially treatable condition. However, which type of incontinence care is most appropriate for persons with dementia remains undecided.Aim.  The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of literature on incontinence care in persons with dementia focusing on assessment/management and prevention.Design. A systematic search of the literature.Method.  The search was performed in the CINAHL, PubMed and Cochrane Library databases.Results.  Of the 48 papers analysed, two were systematic literature reviews of management of urinary incontinence including persons with dementia. These reviews showed that the best‐documented effect of toilet assistance for urinary incontinence in elderly persons with/without dementia had prompted voiding. However, prompted voiding in persons with dementia raises ethical concerns related to the person’s integrity and autonomy. Timed voiding in combination with additional interventions like incontinence aids, staff training on the technique of transferring participants from bed to commode and pharmacological treatment decreased the number of urinary incontinence episodes in older persons with/without dementia. There is good scientific evidence that prevention of urinary incontinence in elders with/without dementia decreases incontinence or maintains continence. However, the evidence is insufficient to describe the state of knowledge of faecal incontinence.Conclusions.  Toilet assistance, including timed voiding in combination with additional interventions and prompted voiding, are the available evidence‐based interventions; however, nursing incontinence care is an experience‐based endeavour for persons with dementia.Relevance to clinical practice.  There is a lack of evidence‐based nursing interventions related to incontinence care for persons with dementia. More research is needed to show whether experience‐based incontinence care is effective and which activities are most appropriate for persons with dementia. However, the practice of effective nursing will only be realised by using several sources of evidence, namely research, clinical experience and patient experience.
The focus of family members’ functioning in the acute phase of traumatic coma
Authors: Verhaeghe Sofie TL , Van Zuuren Florence J , Grypdonck Mieke HF , Duijnstee Mia SH , Defloor Tom 
Published: January 2010

Aims.  The identification and description of the basic psychological process linked with the focus of family members’ functioning during the acute phase of traumatic coma.Background.  Earlier research learned that hope is a core category in coping with traumatic coma. Hope seems to be the drive to keep family members going and to enable them to fulfil their main task, namely protecting. In the two articles on the focus of family members functioning, this task is defined and the process linked with it is described.Design.  A qualitative approach according to the ‘grounded theory’ method.Method.  Twenty‐four in‐depth interviews with 22 family members of 16 patients with traumatic coma.Results.  Family members describe the period after the confrontation with traumatic coma as a battle. During this battle, they feel the urge to protect their relative in coma, other family members and themselves. They go through three phases: protecting life, protecting from suffering, protecting what remains to rebuild life. In this article (Part Two) we describe the phase of protecting from suffering and protecting what remains to rebuild life.Conclusions.  All relatives go through the three phases. Family members who have already overcome previous set‐backs get through the process slightly more quickly and experience less extreme emotions.Relevance to clinical practice.  Understanding the process of protecting in different phases may help health care professionals to do anything in their power to avoid unnecessary suffering, to ease the pain and to support family members in their task of protecting.