bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vaginal yolk sac (endodermal sinus) tumors in infancy presenting persistent vaginal bleeding
Authors: Watanabe Noriko , Okita Hajime , Matsuoka Kentaro , Kiyotani Chikako , Fujii Eriko , Kumagai Masaaki , Nakagawa Atsuko 
Published: January 2010

AbstractVaginal yolk sac (endodermal sinus) tumors were diagnosed in two girls (ages 12 and 46 months). In both, the only manifestation was persistent vaginal bleeding. Pelvic ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging revealed solitary vaginal masses (diameter, 5 and 2 cm, respectively). Serum α‐fetoprotein was highly elevated in one patient and normal in the other. Biopsy was performed in the first patient, and a tumor excision, in the second. Combination chemotherapy with cisplatin, etoposide, and bleomycin or carboplatin was administered to the first patient, and shortly thereafter, the tumor size decreased by more than half; serum α‐fetoprotein was normalized after four chemotherapy cycles. After chemotherapy, magnetic resonance imaging revealed a small residual lesion, however the second biopsy revealed no viable tumor cells. In the second patient, no visible tumor was observed after chemotherapy by vaginoscopy. Both patients are well at 19 and 14 months after diagnosis, respectively.
Changes in 13, 14‐dihydro‐15‐keto‐prostaglandin F2α levels in saliva during pregnancy, labor and the postpartum period
Authors: Nakayama Kae , Haruna Megumi , Matsuzaki Masayo , Sekine Kyouichi , Murashima Sachiyo 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAims:  To examine changes in the levels of 13, 14‐dihydro‐15‐keto‐prostaglandin F2α (PGFM) in saliva during pregnancy, labor and the postpartum period, and to evaluate the relationship between cervical dilatation or contraction interval and salivary PGFM levels during labor.Methods:  This longitudinal study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics in a hospital in Japan that has approximately 500 deliveries per year. Maternal and neonatal data were obtained from medical records. Saliva samples were collected during pregnancy (from 35 to 36 weeks gestation), labor and the postpartum period.Results:  Sixty‐four healthy pregnant women were recruited and data from 30 subjects were analyzed. Salivary PGFM levels were almost constant during pregnancy, increased as labor progressed and decreased after delivery. Salivary PGFM levels during contraction intervals of 1–2 min were significantly higher than those when contraction intervals were 7–8, 5–6 or 3–4 min.Conclusions:  PGFM levels in saliva significantly increased with labor progression, remained at the highest level until delivery of the placenta, and decreased after delivery. Salivary PGFM levels are related not to cervical dilatation but to contraction interval. It was found that salivary PGFM levels reflected the contraction status of the uterus as delivery progressed.
A case–control study of preterm delivery risk factors according to clinical subtypes and severity
Authors: Ip Marisa , Peyman Elmera , Lohsoonthorn Vitool , Williams Michelle A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAims:  To examine risk factors of preterm delivery (PTD) among Thai women.Methods:  Our case–control study included 467 term controls and 467 PTD cases. PTD was studied in aggregate and in subgroups (i.e. spontaneous preterm labor and delivery [SPTD], preterm premature rupture of membrane [PPROM], medically indicated preterm delivery [MIPTD], moderate preterm delivery [32–36 weeks], and very preterm delivery [<32 weeks]). We used multivariable logistic regression procedures to estimate odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of potential PTD risk factors.Results:  Advanced maternal age (≥35 years) was associated with a 2.27‐fold increased PTD risk overall (95%CI: 1.40, 3.68); and with a 3.79‐fold increased risk of MIPTD (95%CI: 1.89, 7.59). Young maternal age (<20 years) was associated with a 2.07‐fold increased risk of SPTD (95%CI: 1.19, 3.61). Prior history of PTD was associated with a 3.64‐fold increased PTD risk overall (95%CI: 1.87, 7.09), and with a 5.69‐fold increased risk of MIPTD (95%CI: 2.44, 13.24). No prenatal care was associated with all PTD subtypes. Lean women (body mass index < 18.5 kg/m2), compared with normal weight women (18.5–24.9 kg/m2), had a 1.70‐fold increased risk of PTD (95%CI: 1.21, 2.39). Risk of SPTD (OR = 2.16, 95%CI: 1.44, 3.24) and very PTD (OR = 2.45, 95%CI: 1.35, 4.45) were also elevated in lean women.Conclusions:  Maternal age, pre‐pregnancy body mass index, prior history of PTD and no utilization of prenatal care were covariates identified in this study as risk factors for PTD. Our findings also suggest heterogeneity in risk factors for clinical subtypes of PTD.
Translocation of a cerclage band into the endocervical canal after preconception transabdominal cervico‐isthmic cerclage
Authors: Park Moon‐Il , Hoh Jeong‐Kyu 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA 34‐year‐old woman, who had a history of five spontaneous losses and failures of two McDonald purse‐string cerclages, underwent a transabdominal cervico‐isthmic cerclage (TCC). She became pregnant 17 months after TCC. At 35 weeks of gestation, she was admitted to our hospital due to preterm labor and delivered a healthy female baby (2270 g) by cesarean section. After delivery of the newborn infant, we found a migration of about one third of the cerclage band into the endocervical canal. Two years later, she had one further pregnancy, reached 33 weeks of gestation, and delivered a 1450 g male baby by cesarean section due to a preterm labor without any signs of infection. Although it could have been a case of pure coincidence, we take a chance to speculate that the migration of the cerclage band into the endocervical canal might have been the reason for the preterm labor, and it must have been removed at her first cesarean section and replaced by a new cerclage band for her next pregnancy.
Maternal and fetal mortality and complications associated with cesarean section deliveries in teaching hospitals in Asia
Authors: Chongsuvivatwong Virasakdi , Bachtiar Hafni , Chowdhury Mahbub Elahi , Fernando Sunil , Suwanrath Chitkasaem , Kor‐anantakul Ounjai , Tuan Le Anh , Lim Apiradee , Lumbiganon Pisake , Manandhar Bekha , Muchtar Masrul , Nahar Lutfan , Hieu Nguyen Trong , Fang Pan Xiao , Prasertcharoensuk Witoon , Radnaabarzar Erdenetungalag , Sibuea Daulat , Than Kyu Kyu , Tharnpaisan Piangjit , Thach Tran Son , Rowe Patrick 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAim:  To compare the mortality, morbidity of emergency and elective cesarean section with vaginal delivery among Asian teaching hospitalsMethods:  Hospital based prospective study at 12 centers of 9 countries.Results:  12 591 vaginal deliveries, 3062 elective and 4328 emergency cesarean section were followed up to 5 days postpartum. Maternal deaths (95% CI) per 1000 births among vaginal deliveries being 0.47 (0.17, 1.03) was not significantly different from 0.31 (0.01, 1.73) of elective cesarean section and both rates were significantly lower than 2.87 (1.53, 4.91) per 1000 births of emergency section. The vaginal delivery group had significantly lower incidences of all major complication except significantly higher chance of secondary operations and non‐significantly different risk for endometritis. Corresponding neonatal mortality per 1000 deliveries among the three groups were 7 (5.6, 8.6), 2.2 (0.9, 4.6) and 12.4 (9.3, 16.2) (P < 0.001). Vaginal delivery also had higher rates of severe asphyxia and palsy than elective cesarean section.Conclusion:  Maternal complications were increased by cesarean delivery but elective section may reduce neonatal complication.
Coevolution of antibiotic production and counter‐resistance in soil bacteria
Authors: Laskaris Paris , Tolba Sahar , Calvo‐Bado Leo , Wellington Liz 
Published: January 2010

SummaryWe present evidence for the coexistence and coevolution of antibiotic resistance and biosynthesis genes in soil bacteria. The distribution of the streptomycin (strA) and viomycin (vph) resistance genes was examined in Streptomyces isolates. strA and vph were found either within a biosynthetic gene cluster or independently. Streptomyces griseus strains possessing the streptomycin cluster formed part of a clonal complex. All S. griseus strains possessing solely strA belonged to two clades; both were closely related to the streptomycin producers. Other more distantly related S. griseus strains did not contain strA. S. griseus strains with only vph also formed two clades, but they were more distantly related to the producers and to one another. The expression of the strA gene was constitutive in a resistance‐only strain whereas streptomycin producers showed peak strA expression in late log phase that correlates with the switch on of streptomycin biosynthesis. While there is evidence that antibiotics have diverse roles in nature, our data clearly support the coevolution of resistance in the presence of antibiotic biosynthetic capability within closely related soil dwelling bacteria. This reinforces the view that, for some antibiotics at least, the primary role is one of antibiosis during competition in soil for resources.
Impact of concurrent macrovascular co‐morbidities on healthcare utilization in patients with type 2 diabetes in Europe: a matched study
Authors: Fu A. Z. , Qiu Y. , Radican L. , Yin D. D. , Mavros P. 
Published: January 2010

Aim: To examine and to quantify the impact of concurrent macrovascular co‐morbidities (MVC) on healthcare resource utilization among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Europe. Methods: This is a matched cohort study based on the Real‐Life Effectiveness and Care Patterns of Diabetes Management study, a multicentre, observational study with retrospective medical chart reviews of T2DM patients in Spain, France, UK, Norway, Finland, Germany and Poland. Included patients were aged ≥30 years at time of diagnosis of T2DM who added a sulfonylurea or a PPARγ agonist to failing metformin monotherapy (index date) and had concurrent MVC (cases). A control cohort with T2DM but without concurrent MVC was identified using 1:1 propensity score matching. Logit models were used to identify the relationship between concurrent MVC and the likelihood of emergency room admission, receiving medical/surgical procedures, and hospitalization during the study period after controlling for baseline demographics, clinical information and baseline treatment. Negative binomial models were used to predict the number of office visits and length of hospital stay per year attributable to the concurrent MVC. Results: Relative to controls, patients with MVC were significantly more likely to have emergency department admissions [odds ratio (OR) 2.69; 95% CI: 1.56–4.65], receiving medical/surgical procedures (OR 2.57; 95% CI: 1.56–4.21) and hospitalizations (OR 2.58; 95% CI: 1.64–4.07) after controlling for other predictors. Similarly, MVC were associated with 1.49 additional office visits per year (p = 0.036) and 0.32 days of hospital stay per year (p = 0.023). Conclusions: Within a seven‐country European sample, this study showed that T2DM patients with MVC were more likely to use healthcare resources compared with T2DM patients without MVC.
Screening for metabolic syndrome and testosterone deficiency in patients with erectile dysfunction: results from the first UK prospective study
Authors: Somani Bhaskar , Khan Shahid , Donat Roland 
Published: January 2010

Study Type – Diagnostic (exploratory cohort) Level of Evidence 2bOBJECTIVETo screen patients with erectile dysfunction (ED) for the presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), testosterone deficiency and cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, in a secondary referral centre in the UK, as men with ED have a high incidence of CV risk factors that might amount to MetS, with obesity, increased risk of coronary heart disease and type II diabetes; testosterone deficiency has also been associated with both ED and MetS.PATIENTS AND METHODSWe assessed 124 men presenting with ED between March 2007 and August 2008. Data were collected prospectively for patient demographics, risk factors associated with MetS, and hypogonadism. MetS was assessed using the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III Criteria 2005 (based on three or more of five criteria: waist circumference, high triglycerides, low levels of high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, hypertension and impaired glucose tolerance).RESULTSThe mean (range) age of the men was 50 (16–76) years; 50 of 124 (40%) patients had MetS and 27% had hypogonadism. The latter was also associated with a low testicular volume and decreased libido. Ninety‐seven patients (82%) were either overweight or obese, and 64 (52%) were current or ex‐smokers.CONCLUSIONSOur audit confirms a high incidence of MetS and hypogonadism in patients with ED in the UK. We recommend routine screening for CV risk factors, MetS and testosterone deficiency in all patients in the UK with ED.
Evolutionary consequences of autopolyploidy
Authors: Parisod Christian , Holderegger Rolf , Brochmann Christian 
Published: January 2010

SummaryAutopolyploidy is more common in plants than traditionally assumed, but has received little attention compared with allopolyploidy. Hence, the advantages and disadvantages of genome doublingper secompared with genome doubling coupled with hybridizations in allopolyploids remain unclear. Autopolyploids are characterized by genomic redundancy and polysomic inheritance, increasing effective population size. To shed light on the evolutionary consequences of autopolyploidy, we review a broad range of studies focusing on both synthetic and natural autopolyploids encompassing levels of biological organization from genes to evolutionary lineages. The limited evidence currently available suggests that autopolyploids neither experience strong genome restructuring nor wide reorganization of gene expression during the first generations following genome doubling, but that these processes may become more important in the longer term. Biogeographic and ecological surveys point to an association between the formation of autopolyploid lineages and environmental change. We thus hypothesize that polysomic inheritance may provide a short‐term evolutionary advantage for autopolyploids compared to diploid relatives when environmental change enforces range shifts. In addition, autopolyploids should possess increased genome flexibility, allowing them to adapt and persist across heterogeneous landscapes in the long run.
COMLEX‐1 and USMLE‐1 Are Not Interchangeable Examinations
Authors: Sarko John , Svoren Elena , Katz Eric 
Published: January 2010

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2010; 17:1–3 © 2010 by the Society for Academic Emergency MedicineAbstractObjectives:  Osteopathic medical students must take the Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Examination (COMLEX)–USA series of examinations, but not the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE‐1) series. Few data are available describing the comparability of the two tests. This study sought to determine if COMLEX‐1 scores could predict USMLE‐1 scores among osteopathic medical students applying to an emergency medicine (EM) residency and to determine if the scores are interchangeable.Methods:  This was a retrospective analysis of osteopathic medical students applying to an EM residency program in the 2005–2006 and 2006–2007 application seasons. Students were included if they took both the COMLEX‐1 and the USMLE‐1 examinations. Linear regression was performed and a Bland‐Altman plot of the standardized mean scores of each test was created.Results:  Ninety students were included. The mean (± standard deviation [SD]) COMLEX‐1 score was 559.5 (±68.6), and the mean (±SD) USMLE‐1 score was 207.6 (±15.5). The correlation was 0.79, with an R2 of 62.3%. The Bland‐Altman plot showed a mean difference between the standardized scores of 0, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of −1.28 to +1.28 standard normal units. Limitations include that this was a single center study, and only students who took both tests could be studied.Conclusions:  COMLEX‐1 scores predict only 62.3% of the variance in USMLE‐1 scores, and the scores are not interchangeable.
Risk of Serious Bacterial Infection in Isolated and Unsuspected Neutropenia
Authors: Melendez Elliot , Harper Marvin B. 
Published: January 2010

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2010; 17:1–5 © 2010 by the Society for Academic Emergency MedicineAbstractObjectives:  The objective was to determine the risk of serious bacterial infection (SBI) among children without underlying risk factors for SBI who present to the emergency department (ED) for evaluation and have unsuspected and isolated neutropenia.Methods:  This was a retrospective consecutive chart review from October 1995 through September 2003. All patients aged 0–21 years presenting to the ED of an urban tertiary children’s hospital, who were documented to have neutropenia (defined as an absolute neutrophil count [ANC] of <1,000 cells/μL) without known underlying risk factor for SBI were eligible for inclusion. SBI was defined as growth of a pathogen from culture of blood, urine, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).Results:  There were 3,179 children with an ANC of <1,000/μL during the study period. Of these, 1,888 had no underlying immunodeficiency or central venous catheter (CVC). Fifteen of 453 (3.3%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.9% to 5.4%) infants less than 3 months of age had SBI: seven with bacteremia, four with meningitis, and eight with urinary tract infections. SBI was rare among children over 3 months of age (18 of 1,435; 1.3%; 95% CI = 0.7% to 2.0%): one had bacteremia, none had meningitis, and 13 had urinary tract infections.Conclusions:  Children older than 3 months of age without underlying immunodeficiency or CVC presenting to the ED and unexpectedly found to have isolated neutropenia are not at high risk of SBI. Infants less than 3 months of age have similar risk of SBI as febrile infants of same age.
Are environmental factors responsible for geographic variation in the sex ratio of the Greenlandic seed‐bugNysius groenlandicus?
Authors: Böcher Jens , Nachman Gösta 
Published: January 2010

AbstractUntil recently nothing indicated an unequal sex ratio in the widespread Greenland seed‐bugNysius groenlandicus(Zetterstedt) (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae). However, recently populations more or less devoid of males were discovered in high arctic Northeast Greenland. This initiated an inspection of the entire material of the species collected in Greenland and now preserved at the Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen. It was found that the sex ratio varied significantly among different locations. In most cases females were most abundant, but males were either scarce or absent only in samples from Northeast Greenland, indicating that here the species reproduces asexually. This paper demonstrates that the differing sex distributions can be explained by climatic factors (temperature, precipitation) and that the degree of continentality (distance from the open sea) promotes female‐biased sex ratios.
Female preference and larval performance of sunflower moth, Homoeosoma electellum, on sunflower pre‐breeding lines
Authors: Mphosi Maboko S. , Foster Stephen P. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe preference–performance hypothesis for insect herbivores predicts that adult females should preferentially choose hosts on which their offspring perform better. We tested this hypothesis for the sunflower moth, Homoeosoma electellum (Hulst) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), using 16 sunflower (pre‐breeding) lines, derived from a number of wild species of Helianthus, including Helianthus annuus L., Helianthus deserticola Heiser, Helianthus paradoxus Heiser, Helianthus praecox Engelm. & Gray ssp. hirtus (Heiser) Heiser, Helianthus praecox Engelm. & Gray ssp. runyonii (Heiser) Heiser, Helianthus petiolaris Nutt., Helianthus resinosus Small, and Helianthus tuberosus L. (Asteraceae), that are suitable for introducing wild sunflower germplasm into commercial cultivars. Female moths showed a range of ovipositional preference measures to the various lines. Combined data for three Helianthus species represented by multiple lines showed significant differences in female preference with respect to the parental species. Larval performance, determined by proportion of infested neonate larvae reaching the pupal stage, or mean pupal weight, varied across the lines and, as for the female preference data, also showed significant differences among the three parental Helianthus species represented by multiple lines. These data suggest that the characteristics in the pre‐breeding lines influencing female sunflower moth preference and larval performance likely originate from the parental species and may be consistently transferred to the derived pre‐breeding lines. Of particular note with regard to potential plant resistance mechanisms, lines derived from H. tuberosus showed consistent low preference–performance measures. Female preference and larval performance (for both measures) were strongly correlated, indicating that females preferred plants and lines on which larvae performed better, in support of the preference–performance hypothesis.
Host‐associated differentiation and evidence for sexual reproduction in Iranian populations of the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii
Authors: Razmjou Jabraeil , Vorburger Christoph , Moharramipour Saeid , Mirhoseini Seyed Ziaeddin , Fathipour Yaghoub 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPhytophagous insects with wide host ranges often exhibit host‐associated genetic structure. We used microsatellite analysis to assess the population structure of the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae), a serious pest on many economically important crops worldwide. We sampled aphids from five host plant species in Iran and detected strong population subdivision, with an overall multilocus FST of 0.191. The matrix of pairwise FST values indicated that differentiation between populations collected from different hosts was significantly stronger than between populations from the same hosts. Host‐associated differentiation was further supported by Bayesian clustering analyses, which grouped all samples from cotton together with aubergine, and all samples from cucumber together with pumpkin and hibiscus. This adds to the growing body of evidence that many seemingly generalist aphids are in fact an assemblage of host‐specialized lineages. Although we detected a clear genetic signature of clonal reproduction, the genotypic diversity of A. gossypii in Iran is much higher than in other parts of the world. Particularly samples from cotton exhibited a surprisingly high genotypic diversity, suggesting that many lineages on this host are cyclical parthenogens that engage in regular bouts of sexual reproduction.