bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Disease Activity in Patients With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis at 12 and 24 Months After Diagnosis
Authors: Balay‐Dustrude Erin , Weiss Noel S. , Sutton Anna , Shenoi Susan 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveIdentification of characteristics associated with active disease in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) could inform early disease treatment strategies. This study evaluated characteristics associated with active disease at 12 and 24 months after JIA diagnosis in the era in which biologic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) became available for JIA.MethodsThis single‐center retrospective study from 2004 through 2018 assessed characteristics associated with active nonsystemic categories of JIA at 12 and 24 months after diagnosis. Relative prevalence (RP) of disease activity was evaluated in relation to prespecified characteristics. Using RP, the effect of increasing biologic DMARD availability on these predictors was assessed at 12 months.ResultsA total of 1,151 patients with JIA were included. At 12 months, a 40% to 45% higher point prevalence of active disease was noted in older children (>5 years). Patients with active disease at 3 months had a greater prevalence of active disease at 12 months (RP 1.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2–1.8) and 24 months (RP 1.3, 95% CI 1–1.6). Compared to oligoarticular JIA, polyarticular RF‐negative, psoriatic, and enthesitis‐related JIA had a greater prevalence of active disease at 12 and 24 months. At 24 months, a greater prevalence of active disease was observed in children ≥10 years. RP of active disease was 25% lower in the late cohort (2013–2018) than in the earliest cohort (2004–2008; RP 0.75, 95% CI 0.62–0.92) when more biologic medications were available, but disease activity predictors were broadly similar over time.ConclusionPatients with JIA with active disease at 12 and 24 months were older at diagnosis, categorized as polyarticular RF‐negative, psoriatic, or enthesitis‐related JIA. Active disease at 3 months after diagnosis was associated with worse outcomes at 12 and 24 months.
Molecular Regioisomerism of Benzobisthiazole‐Based Conjugated Polymers Promotes Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production
Authors: Hu Yongpan , Ding Xue , Feng Jie , Yan Yuchen , Shao Chaochen , Yu Xiaohan , Shao Jingfan , Ji Yujin , Li Youyong , Huang Wei , Li Yanguang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPolymer semiconductors hold great promise for photocatalytic hydrogen production due to their diverse structures and functions. Nevertheless, their photocatalytic performances are usually compromised by rapid charge recombination. Herein, a molecular regioisomerism strategy of benzobisthiazole (BT)‐based conjugated polymers is proposed for manipulating their optoelectronic properties through varying the conjugation directions of BT units. Despite subtle structural differences, the 4,8‐subsituted sample LCP‐BT‐48 exhibits an remarkably improved charge separation capability and a sixfold increase in the photocatalytic hydrogen production rate in comparison with those of the 2,6‐subsituted counterpart. Theoretical analysis demonstrates that the superior optoelectronic property of LCP‐BT‐48 is attributed to its sp2 carbon‐conjugated skeletons and enhanced local polarization electric field between BT and neighboring π‐units. This work provides a new paradigm for regulating charge‐transfer dynamics in conjugated polymers for efficient photocatalysis.
Immune Cell‐Based Microrobots for Remote Magnetic Actuation, Antitumor Activity, and Medical Imaging
Authors: Dogan Nihal Olcay , Suadiye Eylül , Wrede Paul , Lazovic Jelena , Dayan Cem Balda , Soon Ren Hao , Aghakhani Amirreza , Richter Gunther , Sitti Metin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTranslating medical microrobots into clinics requires tracking, localization, and performing assigned medical tasks at target locations, which can only happen when appropriate design, actuation mechanisms, and medical imaging systems are integrated into a single microrobot. Despite this, these parameters are not fully considered when designing macrophage‐based microrobots. This study presents living macrophage‐based microrobots that combine macrophages with magnetic Janus particles coated with FePt nanofilm for magnetic steering and medical imaging and bacterial lipopolysaccharides for stimulating macrophages in a tumor‐killing state. The macrophage‐based microrobots combine wireless magnetic actuation, tracking with medical imaging techniques, and antitumor abilities. These microrobots are imaged under magnetic resonance imaging and optoacoustic imaging in soft‐tissue‐mimicking phantoms and ex vivo conditions. Magnetic actuation and real‐time imaging of microrobots are demonstrated under static and physiologically relevant flow conditions using optoacoustic imaging. Further, macrophage‐based microrobots are magnetically steered toward urinary bladder tumor spheroids and imaged with a handheld optoacoustic device, where the microrobots significantly reduce the viability of tumor spheroids. The proposed approach demonstrates the proof‐of‐concept feasibility of integrating macrophage‐based microrobots into clinic imaging modalities for cancer targeting and intervention, and can also be implemented for various other medical applications.
On‐Chip THz Helical Antenna Based on Metal Self‐Rolled‐up Membrane Nanotechnology
Authors: Li Longyu , He Wei , Zhou Zhikun , Yuan Tao , Sang Lei , Mei Yongfeng , Chen Xiaochen , Huang Wen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper demonstrates the on‐chip terahertz (THz) helical antenna based on metal self‐rolled‐up membrane (M‐SRuM) nanotechnology, which utilizes the residual stress in multilayer metal membrane deposited by electron beam (E‐beam) evaporation to provide the rolling force and to form the radiation body of the helical antenna. Precise design method is proposed based on multi‐physics modeling for mechanical and electrical analysis, and the two operating modes of on‐chip helical antenna are modeled and analyzed. The test results show that the normal mode of self‐rolled‐up THz helical antenna is able to operate at frequency as high as 0.223 THz with the corresponding impedance bandwidth of 13 GHz.
On the Effect of Donor Strength on the Photoluminescence Performance in Mono‐Substituted N‐Donor Triarylmethyl Radicals
Authors: Arnold Mona E. , Roß Lars , Thielert Philipp , Bartley Francisca , Zolg Julia , Bartsch Florian , Kibler Ludwig A. , Richert Sabine , Bannwarth Christoph , Kuehne Alexander J. C. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe functionalization of light‐emitting triarylmethyl radicals with electron‐donating moieties can significantly increase their photoluminescence quantum yield ϕ. As luminophores in light‐emitting diodes, such open‐shell radicals can be used to overcome the problem of spin‐statistics inherent to conventional closed‐shell emitters. However, so far the functionalization of triarylmethyl radicals with donors of varying strength is limited by the restricted reactivity of the triarylmethyl radical, constraining optimization of performance to empirical trial and error approaches. Here, the reliable reactivity of N‐heterocyclic donors is used in radical‐mediated aromatic substitutions, allowing to systematically investigate the effect of donor strength on the emission characteristics of triarylmethyl radicals. As a single descriptor proxy to the donor strength, the ionization energy IE of the donor moiety is employed, which is determined by density functional theory calculations. A systematic bathochromic shift of the emission wavelength λmax is observed for increasing donor strength, while maximum ϕ values are obtained for medium‐strength donors. These effects are rationalized with a simple model based on Marcus theory supported by quantum chemical calculations and electron paramagnetic resonance. This allows to understand the effect of the donor strength on both λmax and ϕ, enabling the design of improved light‐emitting radicals in the future.
Analysis of Optical Temperature Sensing Performance of Alkali Metal Doped Na0.5Gd0.5TiO3: Yb, Er Based on Judd‐Ofelt Theory and First Principles Calculations
Authors: Yuan Li , Wang Xu , Tang Yanlin , Cui Ruirui , Deng Chaoyong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn alkali metal‐doped optical temperature measurement materials, the influence of the electronegativity difference of alkali metal ions on optical temperature measurement performance is rarely reported. This study investigates and analyzes the performance of optical temperature measurement of Na0.5Gd0.5TiO3: Yb, Er doped with Li+ and K+ ions, utilizing the Judd‐Ofelt theory and the first‐principles method. The results reveal that the sensitivities increase with the increase of atomic number of doped alkali metal ions. The reason is that a difference in ionic radius between the dopant and the replaced ion decreases the symmetry of the crystal field and increases the value of Ω2. The doping K+ with low electronegativity leads to an increase in the s orbital electron density of rare earth ions, thereby repelling the d orbital electrons, reducing the d electron density, and decreasing the value of Ω6. Based on the Judd‐Ofelt theory, a combination of a large Ω2 and a small Ω6 is expected to enhance the absolute sensitivity of optical temperature‐measuring materials doped with rare earth ions. Therefore, it can be concluded that doping an ion with low electronegativity and a significant radius difference from the substitution site is beneficial for enhancing the optical temperature sensitivity.
Tight Junction Component Occludin Binds to FIP5 to Regulate Endosome Trafficking and Mitotic Spindle Function
Authors: Zhang Zichao , Chen Jing , Ma Rongze , Xu Chongshen , Lu Yunzhe , Zhou Jiecan , Xia Kun , Lu Pengfei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe genetic basis of vertebrate emergence during metazoan evolution has remained largely unknown. Understanding vertebrate‐specific genes, such as the tight junction protein Occludin (Ocln), may help answer this question. Here, it is shown that mammary glands lacking Ocln exhibit retarded epithelial branching, owing to reduced cell proliferation and surface expansion. Interestingly, Ocln regulates mitotic spindle orientation and function, and its loss leads to a range of defects, including prolonged prophase and failed nuclear and/or cytoplasmic division. Mechanistically, Ocln binds to the RabGTPase‐11 adaptor FIP5 and recruits recycling endosomes to the centrosome to participate in spindle assembly and function. FIP5 loss recapitulates Ocln null, leading to prolonged prophase, reduced cell proliferation, and retarded epithelial branching. These results identify a novel role in OCLN‐mediated endosomal trafficking and potentially highlight its involvement in mediating membranous vesicle trafficking and function, which is evolutionarily conserved and essential.
Single‐Cell Chromatin Accessibility Analysis Reveals Subgroup‐Specific TF‐NTR Regulatory Circuits in Medulloblastoma
Authors: Gao Xiaoyue , Zhuang Qiyuan , Li Yun , Li Guochao , Huang Zheng , Chen Shenzhi , Sun Shaoxing , Yang Hui , Jiang Lan , Mao Ying 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMedulloblastoma (MB) stands as one of the prevalent malignant brain tumors among pediatric patients. Despite its prevalence, the intricate interplay between the regulatory program driving malignancy in MB cells and their interactions with the microenvironment remains insufficiently understood. Leveraging the capabilities of single‐cell Assay for Transposase‐Accessible Chromatin sequencing (scATAC‐seq), the chromatin accessibility landscape is unveiled across 59,015 distinct MB cells. This expansive dataset encompasses cells belonging to discrete molecular subgroups, namely SHH, WNT, Group3, and Group4. Within these chromatin accessibility profiles, specific regulatory elements tied to individual subgroups are uncovered, shedding light on the distinct activities of transcription factors (TFs) that likely orchestrate the tumorigenesis process. Moreover, it is found that certain neurotransmitter receptors (NTRs) are subgroup‐specific and can predict MB subgroup classification when combined with their associated transcription factors. Notably, targeting essential NTRs within tumors influences both the in vitro sphere‐forming capability and the in vivo tumorigenic capacity of MB cells. These findings collectively provide fresh insights into comprehending the regulatory networks and cellular dynamics within MBs. Furthermore, the significance of the TF‐NTR regulatory circuits is underscored as prospective biomarkers and viable therapeutic targets.
Frequency‐Selective, Multi‐Channel, Self‐Powered Artificial Basilar Membrane Sensor with a Spiral Shape and 24 Critical Bands Inspired by the Human Cochlea
Authors: Jeon Eun‐Seok , Lee Useung , Yoon Seongho , Hur Shin , Choi Hongsoo , Han Chang‐Soo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA spiral‐artificial basilar membrane (S‐ABM) sensor is reported that mimics the basilar membrane (BM) of the human cochlea and can detect sound by separating it into 24 sensing channels based on the frequency band. For this, an analytical function is proposed to design the width of the BM so that the frequency bands are linearly located along the length of the BM. To fabricate the S‐ABM sensor, a spiral‐shaped polyimide film is used as a vibrating membrane, with maximum displacement at locations corresponding to specific frequency bands of sound, and attach piezoelectric sensor modules made of poly(vinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene) film on top of the polyimide film to measure the vibration amplitude at each channel location. As the result, the S‐ABM sensor implements a characteristic frequency band of 96‐12,821 Hz and 24‐independent critical bands. Using real‐time signals from discriminate channels, it is demonstrated that the sensor can rapidly identify the operational noises from equipment processes as well as vehicle sounds from environmental noises on the road. The sensor can be used in a variety of applications, including speech recognition, dangerous situation recognition, hearing aids, and cochlear implants, and more.
Immunoprotection Strategies in β‐Cell Replacement Therapy: A Closer Look at Porcine Islet Xenotransplantation
Authors: Grimus Sarah , Sarangova Victoria , Welzel Petra B. , Ludwig Barbara , Seissler Jochen , Kemter Elisabeth , Wolf Eckhard , Ali Asghar 
Published: June 2024

AbstractType 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is characterized by absolute insulin deficiency primarily due to autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β‐cells. The prevailing treatment for T1DM involves daily subcutaneous insulin injections, but a substantial proportion of patients face challenges such as severe hypoglycemic episodes and poorly controlled hyperglycemia. For T1DM patients, a more effective therapeutic option involves the replacement of β‐cells through allogeneic transplantation of either the entire pancreas or isolated pancreatic islets. Unfortunately, the scarcity of transplantable human organs has led to a growing list of patients waiting for an islet transplant. One potential alternative is xenotransplantation of porcine pancreatic islets. However, due to inter‐species molecular incompatibilities, porcine tissues trigger a robust immune response in humans, leading to xenograft rejection. Several promising strategies aim to overcome this challenge and enhance the long‐term survival and functionality of xenogeneic islet grafts. These strategies include the use of islets derived from genetically modified pigs, immunoisolation of islets by encapsulation in biocompatible materials, and the creation of an immunomodulatory microenvironment by co‐transplanting islets with accessory cells or utilizing immunomodulatory biomaterials. This review concentrates on delineating the primary obstacles in islet xenotransplantation and elucidates the fundamental principles and recent breakthroughs aimed at addressing these challenges.
Versatile Design of NO‐Generating Proteolipid Nanovesicles for Alleviating Vascular Injury
Authors: Yang Yueyue , Zhang Xiangyun , Yan Hongyu , Zhao Rongping , Zhang Ruixin , Zhu Liuyang , Zhang Jingai , Midgley Adam C. , Wan Ye , Wang Songdi , Qian Meng , Zhao Qiang , Ai Ding , Wang Ting , Kong Deling , Huang Xinglu , Wang Kai 
Published: June 2024

AbstractVascular injury is central to the pathogenesis and progression of cardiovascular diseases, however, fostering alternative strategies to alleviate vascular injury remains a persisting challenge. Given the central role of cell‐derived nitric oxide (NO) in modulating the endogenous repair of vascular injury, NO‐generating proteolipid nanovesicles (PLV‐NO) are designed that recapitulate the cell‐mimicking functions for vascular repair and replacement. Specifically, the proteolipid nanovesicles (PLV) are versatilely fabricated using membrane proteins derived from different types of cells, followed by the incorporation of NO‐generating nanozymes capable of catalyzing endogenous donors to produce NO. Taking two vascular injury models, two types of PLV‐NO are tailored to meet the individual requirements of targeted diseases using platelet membrane proteins and endothelial membrane proteins, respectively. The platelet‐based PLV‐NO (pPLV‐NO) demonstrates its efficacy in targeted repair of a vascular endothelium injury model through systemic delivery. On the other hand, the endothelial cell (EC)‐based PLV‐NO (ePLV‐NO) exhibits suppression of thrombosis when modified onto a locally transplanted small‐diameter vascular graft (SDVG). The versatile design of PLV‐NO may enable a promising therapeutic option for various vascular injury‐evoked cardiovascular diseases.
The 3D Monolithically Integrated Hardware Based Neural System with Enhanced Memory Window of the Volatile and Non‐Volatile Devices
Authors: Jeon Yu‐Rim , Seo Donguk , Lee Yoonmyung , Akinwande Deji , Choi Changhwan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract3D neuromorphic hardware system is first demonstrated in neuromorphic application as on‐chip level by integrating array devices with CMOS circuits after wafer bonding (WB) and interconnection process. The memory window of synaptic device is degraded after WB and 3 Dimesional (3D) integration due to process defects and thermal stress. To address this degradation, Ag diffusion in materials of Ta2O5and HfO2is studied in a volatile memristor, furthermore, the interconnection and gate metal Ru are investigated to reduce defective traps of gate interface in non‐volatile memory devices. As a result, a memory window is improved over 106in both types of devices. Improved and 3D integrated 12 × 14 array devices are identified in the synaptic characteristics according to the change of the synaptic weight from the interconnected Test Element Group (TEG) of the Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) circuits. The trained array devices present recognizable image of letters, achieving an accuracy rate of 92% when utilizing a convolutional neural network, comparing the normalized accuracy of 93% achieved by an ideal synapse device. This study proposes to modulate the memory windows up to 106in an integrated hardware‐based neural system, considering the possibility of device degradation in both volatile and non‐volatile memory devices demonstrated by the hardware neural system.
Polarization Anisotropy of Ultrafast Electronic Dynamics in AB‐Stacked Rhenium Disulfide
Authors: Qin Yulu , Wang Rui , Zhang Jianing , Zhang Yeqinbo , Wang Yunkun , Li Xiaofang , Gao Yunan , Peng Liang‐You , Gong Qihuang , Liu Yunquan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRevealing transient electronic properties in anisotropic 2D materials is a prerequisite for developing ultrafast optoelectronic functional devices. Here, the ultrafast electronic dynamics of polarization anisotropy for the AB‐stacked rhenium disulfide (ReS2) are studied using time‐ and energy‐resolved photoemission electron microscopy. The ultrafast electronic relaxation process exhibits sensitive layer‐dependent polarization anisotropy. The linear dichroism of the ultrafast electronic dynamics is also measured, indicating that the polarization anisotropy is determined by the fast process on the sub‐picosecond scale. With ab initio theory calculations, it is confirmed that the ultra‐sensitive layer dependence of the lifetime of the fast process originates from a stronger interlayer coupling in the K‐Γ direction (along the b‐axis) of ReS2. Further, by analyzing the time‐resolved photoemission energy spectrum, distinct “fast” and “slow” regimes are found in the ultrafast dynamics of excited electrons with different energies. The corresponding energy windows also show substantial polarization anisotropy, which is associated with the linear dichroism of the electron‐phonon coupling in the AB‐stacked ReS2. This work has implications for the design of angle‐sensitive optoelectronic functional devices with the AB‐stacked ReS2.
Discovery of mineralization in the caudal vertebrae of perch (Perca fluviatilis L.): A potential new tool for environmental impact assessment
Authors: Karlsson O. Magnus , Delling Bo , Viktor Tomas , Sandström Olof , Waldetoft Hannes , Bengtsson Bengt‐Erik 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe frequency of skeletal deformations in fish is a common biomarker when investigating the environmental response to effluents of various origins. This study discovered a new biomarker: elevated mineralization levels of the vertebrae in the caudal region of perch Perca fluviatilis. The study was conducted in northern Sweden in lakes receiving discharges from an iron ore mine and adjacent reference lakes. The field observation was followed up with an egg‐hatching experiment showing a similar lake‐specific pattern in hatching and deformation frequencies in larvae.
Winter cover crop performance in the Southern Piedmont region of South Carolina
Authors: Davis Payton B. , Park Dara M. , Poncet Aurelie M. , Russell Brook T. , Sahoo Debabrata 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCover crops (CCs) offer in‐field and environmental benefits when integrated into cropping systems. Low CC adoption in the Southern Piedmont region of South Carolina is partially due to the lack of information on CC performance and benefits within the region. To address this, eight winter CCs and a fallow/pigweed (Amaranthus spp.) treatment were investigated for their influence on soil temperature, volumetric water content (VWC), percent cover, biomass, and the occurrence of soil water repellency (SWR). A randomized complete block design experiment was conducted in the fall and winter of 2021–2022 (EXP A) and repeated in 2022–2023 (EXP B). Experiments were treated separately as methods were revised for EXP B. CCs minimally influenced soil VWC over both experiments with no consistent trend. CC did not influence soil temperatures during EXP A. In EXP B, the fallow/pigweed had the highest soil temperatures on two (out of 10) measuring events (p < 0.05). No SWR was found in either experiment. Establishment and fresh and dry CC biomass were most likely influenced by air temperatures and daylight hours driving germination during days with minimal rainfall. In both experiments, annual rye (Lolium multiflorum) produced cover quickly and yielded high biomass. Crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum) took longer to establish but also yielded one of the highest biomasses. This study demonstrated that winter CCs had little influence on soil physical properties and that while cereal rye (Secale cereale) is a common CC utilized for erosion control, the greater biomass and surface roots of annual rye make it a superior CC for use in Southern Piedmont agroecosystems.