bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linear Dispersive Decay Estimates for the 3+1 Dimensional Water Wave Equation with Surface Tension
Authors: Spirn Daniel , Wright J. Douglas 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe consider the linearization of the three-dimensional water waves equation with surface tension about a flat interface. Using oscillatory integral methods, we prove that solutions of this equation demonstrate dispersive decay at the somewhat surprising rate of t–5/6. This rate is due to competition between surface tension and gravitation at O(1) wave numbers and is connected to the fact that, in the presence of surface tension, there is a so-called “slowest wave”. Additionally, we combine our dispersive estimates with L2 type energy bounds to prove a family of Strichartz estimates.
Rational Points in Arithmetic Progressions on y2 = xn + k
Authors: Ulas Maciej 
Published: March 2011

AbstractLet C be a hyperelliptic curve given by the equation y2 = f(x) for f ∈ ℤ[x] without multiple roots. We say that points Pi = (xi, yi) ∈ C(ℚ) for i = 1, 2, … , m are in arithmetic progression if the numbers xi for i = 1, 2, … , m are in arithmetic progression.In this paper we show that there exists a polynomial k ∈ ℤ[t] with the property that on the elliptic curve ε′ : y2 = x3+k(t) (defined over the field ℚ(t)) we can find four points in arithmetic progression that are independent in the group of all ℚ(t)-rational points on the curve Ε′. In particular this result generalizes earlier results of Lee and Vélez. We also show that if n ∈ ℕ is odd, then there are infinitely many k's with the property that on curves y2 = xn + k there are four rational points in arithmetic progressions. In the case when n is even we can find infinitely many k's such that on curves y2 = xn +k there are six rational points in arithmetic progression.
Pancorneal Contact Lens with a Toric Edge: A New Concept in Keratoconus
Authors: Kamar Sizar , Vervaet Charles , Luyten Gregohus P.M. , Jager Martine J. 
Published: March 2011

Purpose. To investigate whether fitting a patient with keratoconus to a pancorneal toric rigid gas-permeable (RGP) contact lens leads to a change in corneal compression and improves the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and keratometry values. Methods. Thirty eyes with keratoconus were fitted with a newly designed pancorneal toric RGP contact lens. Each patient was examined at the time of enrollment and after having used the new contact lens for at least 2 months. Corneal topography was performed both times. Results. A change in corneal compression was noticed in 23 eyes (77%). Following the use of the pancorneal toric RGP contact lens, the average BCVA improved significantly (p=0.007), with a mean BCVA of 0.63 (SD 0.15) before and 0.70 (SD 0.18) after using the toric contact lens. No significant changes were seen in the mean vertical and horizontal K-values or the mean E-values. Conclusions. While no significant measurable differences in K- and E-values were observed, fitting of a pancorneal toric RGP contact lens in keratoconus led to a marked improvement in visual acuity and a visible change in corneal compression.
Bilateral Cystoid Macular Edema after Cataract Surgery Resolved by Vitrectomy
Authors: Scarpa Giuseppe 
Published: March 2011

Purpose To describe a case of bilateral postsurgical cystoid macular edema (CME) resolved by vitrectomy. Methods Case report. Results The author describes the case of a 72-year-old woman who developed bilateral CME after uneventful phacoemulsification of cataract (Irvine-Gass syndrome). Her maculae were clinically normal in both eyes before the surgery. The patient was initially treated with conventional medical therapy, with no success. Vitreomacular traction was documented after surgery and therefore vitreoretinal surgery was planned. Vitrectomy with removal of a clinically invisible epiretinal membrane in one eye and of a strongly adherent posterior hyaloid and of the internal limiting membrane in both eyes was rapidly successful in resolving the CME with full recovery of visual acuity. Conclusions A fractional component may add to the pathogenesis of CME. Vitrectomy should therefore be considered a treatment modality if vitreomacular traction is evident.
Lens Opacities in Valencia, Spain
Authors: Díez-Ajenjo M Amparo , García-Domene M Carmen , Artigas José M , Felipe Adelina , Peris-Martínez Cristina , Menezo José Luis 
Published: March 2011

Purpose. To evaluate the most common lens opacities in Valencia (Spain), analyzed by gender, grade, and type of cataracts. The results are compared with other studies performed at other geographical latitudes and on different races. Methods. A total of 1951 eyes of patients diagnosed with cataracts, aged between 30 and 96 years, were evaluated in accordance with age, gender, type and degree of the cataract, bilaterality and symmetry of this disease. Lens Opacities Classification System III was used to classify the cataract and the degree was graded as mild or moderate to advanced. Results. The most common type of cataract is corticonuclear in the elderly and subcapsular in younger subjects. The most common are nuclear (28.4%) followed by cortical (6.2%), if combined cataracts are ruled out. There is a greater incidence of cortical cataracts in women (70%) and subcapsular cataracts in men (70%). Conclusions. The results suggest the existence of a gender factor in cataract formation and coincide with those obtained in similar studies performed in areas at a similar latitude (40° N) and with different race population. The geographical location (intensity and length of exposure to solar radiation) seems to be a determining factor in the formation of a specific type of cataract, more than race, although there are other factors that contribute in the formation of a specific type of cataract.
Maintenance of Periprosthetic Bone Mineral Density with a Cementless Three Dimensional Straight Tapered Stem
Authors: Hayashi Shinya , Nishiyama Takayuki , Fujishiro Takaaki , Kanzaki Noriyuki , Hashimoto Shingo , Takebe Ken , Kurosaka Masahiro 
Published: March 2011

Periprosthetic bone loss is a well documented phenomenon after cementless total hip arthroplasty. We compared the bone mineral density (BMD) in 33 patients using the three dimension taper shape stem and 13 patients with a straight component with a distal taper. Postoperative follow-up was evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. BMD was recorded in seven Gruen zones. BMD was correlated with clinical examination, Harris Hip Score (HHS), Body Mass Index (BMI) and age. Clinical assessment took place at 12 months post operation. Periprosthetic BMD loss using the three dimensional straight tapered stem was consistently much less in comparison with the straight type component with a distal tapered design stem. BMD in Gruen zone 1 was maintained. There was no correlation between periprosthetic bone mineral density and clinical factors.
Urologic Laparoendoscopic Single-Site Surgery (LESS): Current Status
Authors: Autorino Riccardo , Kim Fernando J. 
Published: March 2011

Background The evolution of minimally invasive surgery led to the development of laparo-endoscopic single-site surgery (LESS). Methods A comprehensive literature electronic search was conducted in December 2010 by using PudMed as search engine to identify all publications relating to LESS in urology. Discussion The feasibility of almost all types of urologic procedures has been shown. Comparative series between conventional laparoscopy and LESS for different kidney procedures suggest a non-inferiority of LESS over standard laparoscopy but the only objective benefit remains an improved cosmetic outcome. Challenging ergonomics, instruments clashing, lacks of true triangulation, in-line vision are the main concerns of LESS surgery. LESS pre-bent and articulating instruments have been designed but only experienced laparoscopists and well-selected patients are pivotal for a successful LESS procedure. Da Vinci® assisted LESS procedures have been performed. The available robotic platform remains bulky, but innovative instruments and platforms may facilitate the future unrestricted development of LESS. Conclusions A steep learning curve limits the application of LESS procedures to well trained and experienced surgeons. Nevertheless, the adoption of LESS principles and the clinical experience with LESS techniques have significantly grown in the past few years worldwide. Improvements in the instruments and platforms will expand the application of LESS surgery, allowing us to better assess its advantages and disadvantages compared to other minimally invasive procedures.
DiOlistic Labeling in Fixed Brain Slices: Phenotype, Morphology, and Dendritic Spines
Authors: Staffend Nancy A. , Meisel Robert L. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIdentifying neuronal morphology is a key component in understanding neuronal function. Several techniques have been developed to address this issue, including Golgi staining, electroporation of fluorescent dyes, and transfection of fluorescent constructs. Ballistic delivery of transgenic constructs has been a successful means of rapidly transfecting a nonbiased population of cells within tissue or culture. Recently, this technique was modified for the ballistic delivery of dye‐coated gold or tungsten particles, enabling a nonbiased, rapid fluorescent membrane labeling of individual neurons in both fixed and nonfixed tissue. This unit outlines a step‐by‐step protocol for the ballistic method of dye delivery (“DiOlistic” labeling) to fixed tissue, including optimal tissue fixation conditions. In addition, a protocol for coupling “DiOlistic” labeling with other immunofluorescent methods is detailed, enabling the association of neuronal morphology with a specific cellular phenotype. Curr. Protoc. Neurosci. 55:2.13.1‐2.13.15. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Measuring the Killing of Intracellular Pathogens: Leishmania
Authors: Stenger S. , van Zandbergen G. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractMacrophages are professional phagocytes serving as a first line of defence against pathogenic organisms. Macrophages are equipped with efficient effector functions to kill invading microorganisms. The first important mechanism of macrophage host‐defence is phagocytosis of pathogens. Subsequently, internalized pathogens are targeted for destruction in maturating phagolysosomal compartments. This process is mediated by lysosomal proteases and an acidified compartment. To investigate macrophages' killing potential in this chapter, we describe an assay based on human primary cells infected with the obligatory intracellular parasite Leishmania. For this pathogen the macrophage has a dual role. The parasite can use macrophages for its intracellular multiplication, but at the same time host macrophages, upon stimulation, can kill the parasite. Curr. Protoc. Immunol. 93:14.23.1‐14.23.12. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Optical Filters for Wavelength Selection in Fluorescence Instrumentation
Authors: Erdogan Turan 
Published: April 2011

AbstractFluorescence imaging and analysis techniques have become ubiquitous in life science research, and they are poised to play an equally vital role in in vitro diagnostics (IVD) in the future. Optical filters are crucial for nearly all fluorescence microscopes and instruments, not only to provide the obvious function of spectral control, but also to ensure the highest possible detection sensitivity and imaging resolution. Filters make it possible for the sample to “see” light within only the absorption band, and the detector to “see” light within only the emission band. Without filters, the detector would not be able to distinguish the desired fluorescence from scattered excitation light and autofluorescence from the sample, substrate, and other optics in the system. Today the vast majority of fluorescence instruments, including the widely popular fluorescence microscope, use thin‐film interference filters to control the spectra of the excitation and emission light. Hence, this unit emphasizes thin‐film filters. After briefly introducing different types of thin‐film filters and how they are made, the unit describes in detail different optical filter configurations in fluorescence instruments, including both single‐color and multicolor imaging systems. Several key properties of thin‐film filters, which can significantly affect optical system performance, are then described. In the final section, tunable optical filters are also addressed in a relative comparison. Curr. Protoc. Cytom. 56:2.4.1‐2.4.25. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Quantitative Assessment of Pancreatic Islets Using Laser Scanning Cytometry
Authors: Krull David 
Published: April 2011

AbstractInsulin‐dependent (type II) diabetes is characterized by an inability to metabolize glucose, resulting from insufficient insulin function for glucose transport from the blood to tissues. One cause of insufficiency is malfunction of the insulin‐producing beta cells within the pancreatic islets. Various compounds to stimulate and restore normal islet function are under development. Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat animal models are used to measure efficacy of drug candidates, as they show clinical effects similar to those in diabetic patients. Drug effects are evaluated by removing the pancreas from ZDF rats, processing the tissue with paraffin and sectioning it, and then analyzing the sections utilizing antibodies against targeted proteins to quantify morphology and metabolic activity. This protocol describes quantitative analysis of insulin, glucagon, mitochondria (all on a per‐islet basis), and insulin‐positive proliferating cells in ZDF and lean rat pancreatic tissue sections using the iCyte Imaging Cytometer. Curr. Protoc. Cytom. 56:6.32.1‐6.32.17. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
In Situ Proximity Ligation Assay for Microscopy and Flow Cytometry
Authors: Leuchowius Karl‐Johan , Weibrecht Irene , Söderberg Ola 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe ability to study proteins and protein interactions inside cells and tissues is important for elucidating how cells function in health and disease. The in situ proximity ligation assay (in situ PLA) presented here can be used to visualize proteins, protein‐protein interactions, and post‐translational modifications in cells and tissues. The method is based upon the use of antibodies that target the proteins involved in an interaction; hence, the method has the advantage that it can be used in clinical specimens, providing localized, quantifiable single molecule detection in single cells. This unit describes how in situ PLA can be used with fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry to study proteins (obtaining high sensitivity and specificity of detection) and protein interactions. It also includes information on expected results and information on how to troubleshoot the assay. Curr. Protoc. Cytom. 56:9.36.1‐9.36.15. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Effects of porosity, fiber size, and layering sequence on sound absorption performance of needle‐punched nonwovens
Authors: Yilmaz Nazire Deniz , Banks‐Lee Pamela , Powell Nancy B. , Michielsen Stephen 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe relationships between the material parameters, i.e., the fiber fineness, porosity, areal density, layering sequence, and airflow resistivity with the normal‐incidence sound absorption coefficient of nonwoven composites consisting of three layers have been studied. The monofiber or multifiber needle‐punched nonwovens included poly(lactic acid) (PLA), polypropylene (PP), glass fiber, and hemp fibers. Air flow resistivity was statistically modeled and was found to increase with decreasing fiber size and nonwoven porosity. The former models developed for glass fiber mats in the literature were found to be inconsistent with the air flow resistance of the nonwovens reported below. The effects of the layering sequence on air flow resistivity and sound absorption were obtained. It was found that when the layer including reinforcement fibers, i.e., hemp or glass fiber, faced the air flow/sound source, the air flow resistance and the absorption coefficient were higher than the case when the layer including reinforcement fibers was farthest from the air flow/sound source. The difference was more pronounced if there was a greater difference between the resistivity values of the constituent layers of the nonwoven composite. Sound absorption coefficient was statistically modeled in terms of air flow resistivity and frequency. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Rheological and mechanical properties of poly (ethylene acrylic acid) and low density polyethylene blends
Authors: Siddaramaiah  , Kumar M. N. Satheesh , Nando G. B. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractRheological properties of poly (ethylene‐acrylic acid) (PEA) and low density poly ethylene (LDPE) blends having varied amounts of LDPE from 0 to 100% have been evaluated at different temperatures (115, 120, and 130°C) and shear rates (61.33–613.30 s−1) using a Monsanto processability tester. A reduction in the melt viscosity of the PEA/LDPE blends was noticed with increasing the shear rate. The observed positive deviation in the experimental melt viscosities of the blends is an indication of the synergy present in the blends during melt processing. The activation energy (Ea) of flow calculated using Arrhenius relation for PEA, LDPE, and their respective blends lies in the range 29.98–40.56 kJ mol−1. The experimental activation energy of flow of the blends was higher than that obtained from the additivity rule. Highest activation energy was noticed for the blends containing 60–80% by weight of LDPE in PEA/LDPE blends, which is an indication for the miscibility of the blends at these ratios. The physicomechanical properties such as density, tensile behavior, tear strength, and hardness (Shore A) of PEA, LDPE, and their blends have been evaluated as a function of varying amounts of LDPE. The obtained physicomechanical properties of the PEA/LDPE blends lie in between that of pure polymers. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Detecting the Shape Differences of the Corpus Callosum in Behçet's Disease by Statistical Shape Analysis
Authors: Colak Cemil , Ercan Ilker , Dogan Metin , Ozdemir Senem Turan , Sener Serpil , Alkan Alpay 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the shape differences of the corpus callosum (CC) in patients with Behçet's disease using statistical shape analysis (SSA). Additionally, an attempt was made to investigate the changes in CC size according to disease duration. Twenty‐five adults with clinically diagnosed Behçet's disease and 25 age‐ and gender‐matched controls were examined by high‐resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging. The data obtained from the coordinate of landmarks were analyzed with Euclidean distance matrix analysis and a thin‐plate spline analysis. SSA and growth curve models were performed to investigate group differences and to fit the curves. A significant difference was determined between CC shape of Behçet patients and controls (P = 0.006). Based on the analysis, a decrease occurred in the CC size of the Behçet patients as the duration of disease increased. Maximum deformations were determined in the landmarks of interior notch of the splenium, inferior tip of the splenium, posterior‐most point of the CC, and topmost point of the CC. Similarly, the landmark of anterior‐most point of the CC was identified as having the minimum deformation. Behçet patients had significantly different CC shapes from control subjects. The results suggest that SSA is a promising tool for distinguishing Behçet patients from normal subjects, and that it can give useful information to assist clinicians. Additionally, SSA might be applied to detect shape differences in anatomical structures that are affected by a broad range of neurological diseases. Anat Rec, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hand factors as regulators of cardiac morphogenesis and implications for congenital heart defects
Authors: Vincentz Joshua W. , Barnes Ralston M. , Firulli Anthony B. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAlmost 15 years of careful study have established the related basic Helix‐Loop‐Helix (bHLH) transcription factorsHand1andHand2as critical for heart development across evolution. Hand factors make broad contributions, revealed through animal models, to the development of multiple cellular lineages that ultimately contribute to the heart. They perform critical roles in ventricular cardiomyocyte growth, differentiation, morphogenesis, and conduction. They are also important for the proper development of the cardiac outflow tract, epicardium, and endocardium. Molecularly, they function both through DNA binding and through protein‐protein interactions, which are regulated transcriptionally, posttranscriptionally by microRNAs, and posttranslationally through phosphoregulation. Although direct Hand factor transcriptional targets are progressively being identified, confirmed direct targets of Hand factor transcriptional activity in the heart are limited. Identification of these targets will be critical to model the mechanisms by which Hand factor bHLH interactions affect developmental pathways. Improved understanding of Hand factor‐mediated transcriptional cascades will be necessary to determine how Hand factor dysregulation translates to human disease phenotypes. This review summarizes the insight that animal models have provided into the regulation and function of these factors during heart development, in addition to the recent findings that suggest roles forHAND1andHAND2in human congenital heart disease. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2011. © 2011Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vorbemessung von Aussteifungselementen für Starkbebenbeanspruchungen
Authors: Fastabend Michael , Schäfers Tobias 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAusgehend von den positiven Erfahrungen mit steifen Gebäuden in Starkbebengebieten wird auf der Basis der türkischen Erdbebennorm ein Vorschlag zur Vorbemessung von Aussteifungselementen für erhöhte seismische Beanspruchungen ausgearbeitet. Die entwickelten Gleichungen beschreiben auf der Basis von wenigen Kenndaten wie Grundbeschleunigung und Betonzugfestigkeit notwendige Wandquerschnittsflächen bzw. Wandlängen in den jeweiligen Geschossen. Ein Beispiel für einen typischen Gewerbebau verdeutlicht den Rechenablauf der Vorbemessung.Preliminary Design of Bracing Elements for Heavy Earthquake LoadsDue to the positive experience with stiff buildings in areas of strong earthquakes, a proposition for the preliminary design of the bracing elements will be prepared based on the Turkish earthquake regulation. The developed equations, based on few characteristics like basic acceleration and concrete tensile strength, will describe the necessary cross sectional areas of the wall, respectively the wall length of each level. One example for a typical commercial building will clarify the calculation process of the preliminary design.