bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forces and moments on posterior teeth generated by incisor intrusion biomechanics
Authors: Sifakakis I , Pandis N , Makou M , Eliades T , Bourauel C 
Published: October 2009

Structured AbstractAuthors –  Sifakakis I, Pandis N, Makou M, Eliades T, Bourauel CObjectives –  To comparatively evaluate the extrusive forces and torquing moments on the posterior dentition generated during anterior intrusion with different intrusion techniques in the maxillary and mandibular dental arch.Material and Methods –  Seven wire specimens were used for each of the following intrusive arches: Utility arch 0.016 × 0.016′ Blue Elgiloy®, Utility arch 0.017 × 0.025′ TMA® and Burstone Intrusion arch 0.017 × 0.025′ TMA®. The wires were inserted on bracketed dental arches constructed on maxillary Frasaco models, segmented mesially to the maxillary canines. Simulated intrusion from 0.0–3.0 mm was performed on the Orthodontic Measurement and Simulation System (OMSS). The forces and moments were recorded in all three planes of space at 0.1 mm increments and the values at 3.0 mm for all wires were used for all statistical evaluations. The data were analyzed, separately for the forces and moments, by means of two‐way analysis of variance (anova) with forces and moments serving as the dependent variables and intrusion technique and jaw (maxilla or mandible) as the independent variable. Post hoc multiple comparisons were performed using the Tukey test at .05 error rate.Results –  The 0.016 × 0.016′ Blue Elgiloy® utility arch exerted the highest posterior extrusive forces, 15% higher than the 0.017 × 0.025′ TMA® utility and 40% higher in comparison with the 0.017 × 0.025′ TMA® Burstone intrusion arch.The lowest posterior moment in the saggital plane was generated by the 0.017 × 0.025′ TMA® Burstone intrusion arch. The 0.016 × 0.016′ Blue Elgiloy® utility arch exerted 15% higher posterior moments and the 0.017 × 0.025′ TMA® utility 25% higher. Forces and moments were consistently larger for the mandible compared to the maxilla for the same intrusion technique.Conclusions –  The upper Burstone 0.017 × 0.025′ TMA® intrusion arch exerted the lowest forces/moments on posterior teeth. The highest forces were generated by the 0.016 × 0.016‐inch Blue Elgiloy® utility arch and the highest moments by the lower 0.017 × 0.025‐inch TMA® utility arch.
When do nurse plants stop nursing? Temporal changes in water stress levels in Austrocedrus chilensis growing within and outside shrubs
Authors: Nuñez Cecilia I. , Raffaele Estela , Nuñez Martín A. , Cuassolo Florencia 
Published: October 2009

AbstractQuestion: Does the proximity of shrubs affect seasonal water stress of young Austrocedrus chilensis trees (a native conifer of the Austral Temperate Forest of South America) in xeric sites?Location: A. chilensis xeric forest in northwest Patagonia, Argentina.Methods: We examined the dependence of predawn twig water potential on tree development (seedling to adult) and proximity to nurse shrubs during spring and summer. We analysed spatial associations of seedlings, saplings and adult trees with nurse shrubs, and also evaluated if trees affected shrub canopy vitality.Results: Water stress in Austrocedrus trees was affected by shrub presence. Small trees (i.e.<0.5 m in height) growing in the open were most stressed, particularly in summer. Small trees growing within a shrub canopy had low water stress and little change between spring and summer. The opposite trend, however, was true for the medium‐height category (i.e. 0.5‐1.5 m in height); trees in this size category were more stressed when growing within the shrub canopy than in the open. Larger Austrocedrus trees (i.e.>2 m in height) were not affected by shrub presence. Austrocedrus trees were spatially associated with shrubs in all height classes; however, the percentage of living shrub canopy decreased with tree height.Conclusions: In xeric areas of northwest Patagonia, the strength and direction of interactions between A. chilensis and shrubs, in terms of tree water stress, are dynamic and modulated by tree size and environmental conditions. Overall, positive effects of shrubs on early developmental stages appear to be more important than subsequent negative interactions, since nursing effects could generate a spatial association of shrubs and Austrocedrus trees that persists through later successional stages. These findings shed light on mechanisms behind successional changes, and have important conservation and management implications.
Review article: Convulsive and non‐convulsive status epilepticus: An emergency medicine perspective
Authors: Shah Amish M , Vashi Anita , Jagoda Andy 
Published: October 2009

AbstractStatus epilepticus (SE) is divided into convulsive and non‐convulsive types; both are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Although convulsive SE is easily recognized, non‐convulsive SE remains an elusive diagnosis as physical signs are varied and subtle. Successful management depends on a comprehensive approach that involves diagnostic testing and pharmacological interventions while ensuring cerebral oxygenation and perfusion at all times. There are a limited number of well‐designed studies to support the development of evidence‐based recommendations for the management of SE, especially for the management of non‐convulsive status. Benzodiazepines, specifically lorazepam, continue to be the most commonly recommended first‐line therapy; best treatment for refractory status cases depends on resources available and must be tailored to the individual institution. In order to facilitate care, it is recommended that each institution develop a management protocol for these patients.
Differential coronal rotation using radio images at 17 GHz
Authors: Chandra Satish , Vats Hari Om , Iyer K. N. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
In the present work, we perform time-series analysis on the latitude bins of the solar full disc (SFD) images of Nobeyama Radioheliograph (NoRH) at 17 GHz. The flux modulation method traces the passage of radio features over the solar disc and the autocorrelation analysis of the time-series data of SFD images (one per day) for the period 1999–2001 gives the rotation period as a function of latitude extending from 60°S to 60°N. The results show that the solar corona rotates less differentially than the photosphere and chromosphere, i.e. it has smaller gradient in the rotation rate.
SURVEY ON OVERCOOKING RESISTANCE OF ITALIAN AND TUNISIAN SPAGHETTI
Authors: ZEPPA GIUSEPPE , ROLLE LUCA , GHIRARDELLO DANIELA 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT Texture properties of cooked pasta are generally recognized as the most important parameters in evaluating its overall quality. Published data concerning overcooking performances, however, are very scarce. To this end, a pasta shear test was performed at suggested cooking time and at 5, 10 and 20 min of overcooking. The most important spaghetti brands from Italy and Tunisia, the largest world pasta producers and consumers, were tested. The maximum cutting force at cooking times varies from 0.122 to 0.271 N/mm2 and the total work to cut from 0.113 to 0.291 mJ/mm2. Very important for consumers and foodservices are the differences for overcooking resistance among the brands. In fact, the maximum cutting force can reach up to 0.042 N/mm2 and the total work to cut up to 0.048 mJ/mm2, also with an overcooking time of 20 min. Generally, the highest values were shown by some Italian spaghetti, although Tunisian spaghetti and some low‐price Italian products have the lowest values. For a simple evaluation of overcooking resistance, a new index was also proposed. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSPublished data concerning cooking and, above all, overcooking performances of pasta are very scarce or absent. Generally, these data are obtained according to the American Association of Cereal Chemists method, but quality evaluation of pasta by consumers is performed only at the time suggested by producers. In this work, a pasta shear test was then performed at these suggested cooking times and at 5, 10 and 20 min of overcooking. Obtained results showed large differences on overcooking resistance among the brands. Also, a new overcooking index was defined in the work. This index can be very interesting for consumers and, above all, for foodservices, such as catering or school lunches, where course consumption is carried out a long time after it is cooked, thereby overcooking the product.
DESCRIPTIVE SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS OF NO‐FLATULENCE PINTO BEAN
Authors: SONG DANFENG , CHANG SAM K.C. , IBRAHIM SALAM A. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT Raw pinto bean flour contained 0.38% raffinose and 3.34% stachyose on a dry weight basis. Bean flour was heated at 100C or 115C for 25 min, and then treated with crudeα‐galactosidase (60 Gal U/mL) produced by Aspergillus awamori NRRL 4869. Crude enzyme completely hydrolyzed raffinose oligosaccharides in pinto bean flour and bean paste after 2 h treatment. Lipoxygenase and trypsin inhibitor activity were greatly inhibited (P < 0.05). Descriptive analysis showed that color, raw beany off‐flavor, bitterness and astringency of pinto bean paste increased significantly (P < 0.05) after the enzymatic treatment. There were no significant changes in stickiness, cooked bean aroma, nutty flavor, and sweetness of control pinto bean paste and enzymatic‐treated bean paste.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe use of dry edible beans is limited partly because of the presence of flatulence factors, especially the raffinose oligosaccharides. Crude fungal α‐galactosidases were very effective for removing raffinose oligosaccharides. However, the crude enzymes also contained other types of enzymes, which catalyzed undesirable reactions to produce low sensory quality products. Hence, more specific enzymatic methods for producing good sensory characteristics of the bean paste need to be developed before commercialization.
Social and Ecological Structures Supporting Adolescent Connectedness to School: A Theoretical Model
Authors: Waters Stacey K. , Cross Donna S. , Runions Kevin 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND:Adolescence is a time of great change. For most young people, this is a healthy and happy experience; however, for some it is characterized by many health, social, and academic challenges. A student's feeling of connectedness to school helps meet these challenges. Little is known, however, about the school characteristics that promote this connection and, more importantly, how this connection occurs. This article reviews the connectedness literature and integrates health promotion, adolescent development, and ecological frameworks to describe how a school context fosters this connection.METHOD:A systematic search and review process was used to retrieve scholarly articles pertaining to the research topic.RESULTS:Each retrieved article was summarized, and a subsequent model was developed to define a school ecology and describe how this ecology influences a student's need to feel connected to school and the positive influence this connection has on adolescent health and well‐being.CONCLUSIONS:Integrating developmental, ecological, and health promotion intervention theories and frameworks assists in the identification of interpersonal and organizational aspects of a school environment, which satisfy an individual's needs to feel autonomous, competent, and connected, and to improve health and well‐being outcomes for adolescents.
Lingual and Educational Policy toward “Homeland Minorities” in Deeply Divided Societies: India and Israel as Case Studies
Authors: HAREL‐SHALEV AYELET 
Published: October 2009

In a bilingual or multilingual society, certain sectors may be regarded as disloyal should they speak the language of state enemies or be associated in one way or another with neighboring hostile countries. Within this framework, the present article analyzes how two deeply divided democracies, India and Israel, determined and implemented language and educational policies with respect to two major minority languages, Urdu and Arabic. A comparison is conducted between the policies of secular democratic India, regarding Urdu, a language of its Muslims minority, and of Israel, an ethnic democracy, regarding Arabic, the language of its Arab‐Palestinian minority. The findings indicate that both states have consigned the minority language to a marginal position on the public stage. Moreover, albeit that a certain level of autonomy in the educational sphere is given to the minority, the educational status of the minority is markedly low in comparison to the majority.En una sociedad bilingüe o multilingüe, ciertos sectores pueden ser considerados como desleales si hablan el idioma de estados enemigos o fueran asociados de una u otra forma con países vecinos hostiles. Dentro de este marco, el presente artículo analiza como dos democracias sumamente divididas, India e Israel, determinaron e implementaron las políticas lingüisticas y educacionales de los dos más importantes idiomas minoritarios, el Urdu y el Árabe, respectivamente. Se lleva a cabo una comparación entre las políticas de la democracia secular de India, en lo que respecta al Urdu, un idioma de su minoría Musulmana, y de la democracia étnica Israelí, con respecto al Árabe, el idioma de su minoría Árabe‐Palestina. Las conclusiones indican que ambos estados han consignado el idioma minoritario a una posición marginal en el escenario de la vida pública. Además, el status educativo de la minoría es considerablemente bajo en comparación con el de la mayoría, aunque un cierto nivel de autonomía en la esfera educacional es dado al idioma.
The Politics of Economic Policy Making in Britain: A Re‐assessment of the 1976 IMF Crisis
Authors: ROGERS CHRIS 
Published: October 2009

Many accounts of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) crisis argue that British policy was determined by the exercise of structural power by markets, either through the creation of currency instability and the application of loan conditionality, or by acting as a catalyst for policy learning. This article reassesses economic policy making in Britain during the 1976 IMF crisis to show that policy change did not occur as a result of disciplinary market pressure or a process of social learning. It argues that state managers have to manage the contradictions between the imperatives of accumulation and legitimation, and can do so through the politics of depoliticization. It shows, via archival sources, how elements of the core‐executive had established preferences for deflationary policies, which were implemented in 1976 using market rhetoric and Fund conditionality to shape perceptions about the issues within the government's discretionary control.Muchas explicaciones sobre la crisis del FMI sostienen que la política británica fue determinada, o bien, por el ejercicio de poder estructural vía el mercado a través de la creación de la inestabilidad cambiaria y la aplicación de préstamos condicionados, o por el intento de demostrar que sólo las políticas monetarias mantendrían la confianza, un reconocimiento que se espera alcanzar a través de un proceso de aprendizaje político. Este artículo reevalúa el diseño de políticas económicas en Gran Bretaña durante la crisis del FMI de 1976 para demostrar que el cambio en la política no ocurrió como resultado de una presión constante del mercado o un proceso de aprendizaje social. Argumenta que los administradores del estado deben manejar las contradicciones entre los fundamentos de la acumulación y legitimación y pueden hacer eso a través de la depolitización. Señala, como, en base a fuentes provenientes de archivos, los elementos del poder ejecutivo habían establecido preferencias por las políticas deflacionarias, las cuales fueron implementadas en 1976 utilizando la retórica del mercado y la condicionalidad del FMI para ubicar dentro del control discrecional del gobierno las percepciones acerca de asuntos públicos importantes.
Functional health status among rural and urban older adults in Taiwan: the effect of personal control and social control
Authors: Chiu Tzu‐I , Spencer Gale A. 
Published: October 2009

chiu t.‐i. & spencer g.a. (2009) Functional health status among rural and urban older adults in Taiwan: the effect of personal control and social control. International Journal of Older People Nursing 5, 202–210 doi: 10.1111/j.1748‐3743.2009.00194.xAim.  To assess the relationship between perceived social control/personal control and functional health status among older adults in rural and urban Taiwan.Background.  The ageing of the population is poised to emerge as a preeminent worldwide phenomenon. It is assumed that even though older adults experience many decades of autonomy and independence, the potential for illness or bodily decline will induce a serious reduction in the level of perceived control in older adult populations.Method.  This is a descriptive correlational study using a secondary data base, Social Environment and Biomarkers of Aging Study. Social Environment and Biomarkers of Aging Study is a nationally representative study of health outcomes in the Taiwanese population.Results.  Both perceived levels of social control and personal control had a statistically significant relationship with functional health status. Functional health status was significantly higher for urban older adults than their rural counterparts.Conclusions.  Personal control and social control were both found to be predictors of functional health status. Major findings are supported by previous studies.Relevance to clinical practice.  Nurses should create programs and plan activities to assist older adults to enhance their perceptions of social control or personal control in order to improve the health status of older adults and minimize associated health care costs.
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: Results of the patients with thrombotic microangiopathies across Japan by ADAMTS13 analysis during 1998–2008
Authors: Fujimura Y. , Matsumoto M. 
Published: October 2009

Background  Thrombotic microangiopathies (TMAs) are pathological conditions, characterized by generalized microvascular occlusion by platelet thrombi, thrombocytopenia, and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia. Two typical phenotypes of TMAs are hemolytic‐uremic syndrome (HUS) and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). Severe deficiency of plasma ADAMTS13 activity (ADAMTS13:AC) is more specific for TTP but not for HUS.Materials & Methods  Since 1998, our laboratory has functioned as a nationwide referral center for TMAs by analyzing ADAMTS13. Of 1564 tested patients from 426 hospitals, 919 were positive for TMAs. Levels of ADAMTS13:AC and the ADAMTS13‐neutralizing autoantibodies (ADAMTS13:INH) in these patients were determined by chromogenic act‐ELISA and/or by classic von Willebrand factor multimer assay.Results  TMA patients consisted of two groups, those with severe (less than 3% of normal control) and those with non‐severe deficiency of ADAMTS13:AC. Additionally, both groups were divided into congenital (n = 65) and acquired (n = 854) TMAs. Of the congenital TMA patients, 41 had ADAMTS13:AC deficiency due to gene mutations, while the remaining 24 had the disease of unknown etiology. The 854 patients with acquired TMAs could be largely grouped into three categories: idiopathic TTP (n = 284), idiopathic HUS (n = 106), and secondary TMAs (n = 464). The secondary TMAs were observed in heterogeneous patient groups and were associated with drugs, connective tissue diseases, malignancies, transplantation, pregnancy, E. coli O157:H7 infection, and other factors. All of the patients with acquired severe ADAMTS13:AC deficiency were positive for ADAMTS13:INH.Conclusion  Although TMAs are highly heterogeneous pathological conditions, one third of TMA patients have severe deficiency of ADAMTS13:AC. Platelet transfusions to such patients are contraindicated. Thus, rapid ADAMTS13:AC assays will be prerequisite in medical facilities where TMA patients are treated.
Application and operational procedure for formulating guidelines on flood emergency response mapping for public use
Authors: Osti R. , Miyake K. , Terakawa A. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractDilemmas occur when residents and rescue workers have no choice but to act during flood events. During emergencies, such dilemmas always hinder the safe and smooth evacuation of people. To cope with such circumstances, the level of flood emergency preparedness in local communities, which are also generally the first responders to disasters, should be enhanced well in advance of any such events. Flood Emergency Response Maps (FERMaps) are considered tools that provide the necessary information to facilitate delivery of self‐help, mutual help and external help to mitigate the impacts of flood disasters during emergencies. These types of maps also help educate people and raise their awareness regarding potential flood risks during normal times. Here, a review of the currently available literature is provided, as well as a summary of the findings based on the results of a field survey. The data are presented in the form of outlines for use in preparing flood emergency response mapping guidelines, especially in the context of developing countries. This study emphasises the importance, suitability, features, developmental procedures and application methods of developing FERMaps for public use. It is hoped that the practical information provided here will benefit the formulation of operational strategies for disaster risk management projects or programmes being conducted by concerned agencies and communities worldwide.
Self‐inflicted oral injury in an infant with transverse myelitis
Authors: Almeida Daniela , Da Costa Kalini Nóbrega Neres , De Almeida Lima Castro Rodolfo , Almeida Marta Lua Pimentel Winz , Vianna Roberto , Antonio Andréa Gonçalves 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTAcute transverse myelitis (ATM) is an inflammatory disorder that affects the spinal cord. It is characterized by signs and symptoms of neurologic dysfunction in the motor and sensory tracts of the spinal cord bilaterally, resulting in weakness, sensory loss, and autonomic dysfunction with acute or subacute onset. We report on a child who had ATM and respiratory distress requiring ventilatory assistance who presented with severe self‐mutilation involving his lips. Other findings included bruxism that had caused mobility of the primary teeth. Comprehensive dental care was carried out under sedation. The management of the lip trauma was achieved by the use of a soft, plastic mouth guard, and corticosteroid ointment.
Oral findings and dental treatment in a child with West syndrome
Authors: Regis Rômulo Rocha , Rocha Cristiane Tomaz , Torres Carolina Paes , Queiroz Ivna Fernandes , De Queiroz Alexandra Mussolino 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTWest syndrome (WS) is a rare, severe form of epilepsy that typically manifests early in infancy. It is considered a malignant condition that combines episodes of spasms that occur in clusters (infantile spasm), hypsarrhythmia on the electroencephalogram, and neuropsychomotor delay. Although WS has been widely investigated from a medical standpoint, few reports have focused on the oral findings in patients with this syndrome. This article reports the case history of a 7‐year‐old child diagnosed with WS. The major clinical features were generalized tooth wear and gingival enlargement, altered chronology and sequence of dental eruption, primary canine cusp‐to‐cusp relationship, ectopic dental eruption, and mildly arched palate. Multiple white spot lesions were also observed, possibly associated with poor oral hygiene, due to a fermentable carbohydrate‐rich diet, and continuous use of sugar‐containing medications. Dental care management of patients with special needs is discussed and the dental treatment for this child with WS is described.