bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P03-142 - Caregivers’ Perceptions of Antipsychotic Medications
Authors: Trajanovic L. , Skakic O. , Djordjevic V. , Ilic N. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionFinally recognized as a powerful co-therapeutic factor, family caregivers of persons suffering from schizophrenia play an important role in the treatment process.ObjectiveThe aim of our study was to examine the family caregivers’ perceptions of antipsychotic medications.MethodIn this study, the European Federation of Associations of Families of people with mental illness self-completion questionnaire was used. Data were collected from 40 family members, the key caregivers of 40 schizophrenic patients.ResultsAverage age of a carer was 56, 97 (±11, 48) and 65% of them were females. Parents were dominant, caring for an ill son (37, 5%) or daughter (42, 5%). Family caregivers spent every day caring for the ill relative (100%); mean time of caring was 15, 2 years. Lack of education about condition and treatment side effects were seen as main reasons for drug discontinuation. Nearly half of caregivers (45%) stated forgetfulness as an important factor of treatment non-adherence. Every 6th family member had complains about complicated drug routine and too many medications prescribed. At the same time, they considered that keep taking the medication as recommended is very important for the remission achievement and that reaching remission is a long process which usually requires multiple changes of antipsychotic medications (4 changes on average).ConclusionFamily caregivers of schizophrenia sufferers share almost the same considerations about antipsychotic medications with professional caregivers. Further closer collaborations between formal and informal caregivers may help to go beyond some obstacles and to get a better treatment adherence.
P03-146 - The Subjective Dysexecutive Syndrome in Schizophrenia
Authors: Vargas M.L. , Lopez S. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesThe dysexecutive syndrome is present in half of the schizophrenia patients and is highly dependent on the dopamine functioning. We hypothesize that early and mild dysexecutive syndrome in schizophrenia is mainly subjective. The objective is to study the subjective manifestation of the dysexecutive syndrome and its relationship with other symptoms of schizophrenia.MethodsOne cross-sectional study was conducted on 60 schizophrenia out-patients (43 male; average age: 38.9 years, SD 9.4). The diagnosis were: paranoid schizophrenia 26.7%, schizoaffective disorder 25.0%, residual schizophrenia 21.7%, other schizophrenia subtypes 26.6%. The dysexecutive syndrome was assessed by DEX Scale (self-applied and applied by one external observer). Using PANSS and one addiction composite score (ACS) it was defined five symptom dimensions: negative (N1, N2, N3, N4, N6), disorganized (P2, P4, N5, N7), positive and depressive (P1, P3, G6), hostility (P5, P6, P7) and addictive (ACS). Basic symptoms were studied with FCQ-III. All the scores were transformed in to Z values. Correlations between DEX and the clinical dimensions were studied using Spearman's Rho coefficient.ResultsDysexecutive syndrome is associated with basic symptoms (self-applied: r = 0.83, p< 0.001; external observer: r = 0.54, p < 0.001), disorganization (external observer: r = 0.46, p = 0.001), positive and depressive symptoms (self-applied: r = 0.54, p< 0.001; external observer: r = 0.44, p = 0.001) and addiction (self-applied: r = 0.35, p< 0.01).ConclusionsBasic, hallucinatory, delusional and depressive symptoms in schizophrenia, as well as the disorganized dimension, could reflect the subjective experience of one dysexecutive dysfunction.
P03-149 - Study on the Executive Function and Learning Ability of the First-Episode Schizophrenia
Authors: Wang H. , Liu X. , Fang Y. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesTo investigate the executive function and learning ability of the patients with first-episode schizophrenia, and its relationship with the patients’ clinical symptoms.Methods50 schizophrenia patients and 50 healthy controls were tested by the Tower of London (TOL). All the subjects received two phases of the test of TOL continuously, with a break of 1 minute. And Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) was used to assess the clinical symptoms of the patients.ResultsCompared with the control group, the number of reply during the 1st phase (x1) and the 2nd phase (x2)of the patients group, was lower (P<0.01); the reaction time during the 1st phase (t1) and the 2nd phase (t2) was longer (P<0.01); while the rate of correct answer during the 1st phase (p1) and the 2nd phase (p2) do not differ. For the control group, x2 was higher than x1 (P<0.01), and t2 was shorter than t1 (P<0.01). However, for the schizophrenia group, there were no difference between x1 and x2, t1 and t2. The value of x1, p1, x2 of the patients were correlated negatively with the PANSS negative subscale score (P< 0.05), and t1 and t2 were correlated positively with the the negative subscale score (P< 0.01). The performance of the TOL did not correlated with the PANSS positive subscale score and general psychopathology subscale score.ConclusionThe executive function and learning ability of the schizophrenics are impaired and the impairment of the cognitive function is significantly correlated with the negative symptoms of schizophrenia patients.
P03-20 - Correlations of Neurocognitive Visual Tests in Schizophrenia
Authors: Álmos P.Z. , Gábor A. , Nagy Á. , Almos P. , Janka Z. 
Published: June 2010

Disturbances of visual memory are a permanent finding in schizophrenia. Several devices are used to assess the subcomponents of this cognitive domain. One of the first tests to examine visual memory in general was Benton Visual Retention Test (BVRT) which is simple, short and can be easily administered in routine clinical conditions. In this preliminary study we examined BVRT in the light of recently used tests whether it is a reliable method to monitor visual memory in schizophrenic patients.Twenty patients with ICD-10 diagnosis of schizophrenia and 20 healthy controls were examined using BVRT, Digit Symbol Task (DST) and the following subtests of Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery: Spatial Recognition Memory (SRM), Spatial Working Memory (SWM) and Rapid Visual Processing (RVP).Correlations of these were analyzed with Pearson's correlation test; differences compared to controls were examined by independent sample T test.Compared to controls, schizophrenic patients performed poorly on DST (p< 0.001), BVRT (p=0.01), SRM (p=0.016), RVP (p=0.001). There were no differences in SWM1 (p=0.74), SWM2 (p=0.862). In the patient group BVRT correlated with SRM (p=0.015), RVP (p=0.01), DST (p=0.007) In the control group we found a correlation with RVP (p=0.05) and DST (p=0.005).Our results suggest that Benton Visual Retention Test shows a strong correlation with different aspects of characteristic visual memory disturbances in schizophrenia. Since it is in good correlation with clinical improvement on PANSS scores also and it is very easy to administer, it can be an optimal choice to monitor visual memory in daily clinical routine.
P03-26 - Paranoia, Schizotypy, and Social Anxiety: Factor Structure and Experience in Daily Life
Authors: Kwapil T.R. , Brown L.H. , Barrantes-Vidal N. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesParanoia is considered a key characteristic of schizotypy and schizophrenia, although it also shares phenomenological features with social anxiety (e.g., social fear and discomfort). Our first study examined the relation of paranoia with positive and negative schizotypy and with social anxiety. The second study examined the experience of paranoia and social anxiety in daily life using experience sampling methodology (ESM).MethodsStudy 2: Participants were 862 university students who completed the Perceptual Aberration, Magical Ideation, Physical Anhedonia, and Social Anhedonia Scales, the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire, the Paranoia Checklist, the MMPI-2 Persecutory Ideas subscale, and the Social Phobia Scale. Study 1: A subset of 240 participants from study 1 carried palm pilots for 7 days that signaled them randomly 8 times daily to complete brief questionnaires inquiring about their cognitions, affect, activities, and social functioning at the time of the signal.ResultsA series of confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the best fitting model was a four-factor model with positive and negative schizotypy, paranoia, and social anxiety. As hypothesized, the paranoia factor was most strongly associated with positive schizotypy. While some measures of paranoia correlated with negative schizotypy, measures of core features of paranoid ideation were only minimally associated with negative schizotypy. Social anxiety comprised a separate factor outside of schizotypy, but was moderately associated with positive schizotypy and paranoia.ConclusionsESM findings indicated that paranoia and social anxiety are differentially experienced in daily life. The results are consistent with a multidimensional model of schizotypy/schizophrenia.
P03-27 - Drug use and Age at Onset of Psychosis
Authors: Barrigon M.L. , Ruiz-Veguilla M. , Ferrin M. , Moreno J.M. , Salcedo M.D. , Diaz F.J. , Cervilla J. , Gurpegui M. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectiveWe analyzed the association of age at onset of psychosis(AOP) with having a history of cannabis use in patients with a first episode of non-affective psychosis(FENAP) and investigated the impact on the AOP of exposure to cannabis in adolescence, compared with young adulthood, and of the additional exposure to cocaine.MethodWe recruited 112 consecutive patients with a FENAP. CIDI was used to assess drug use and to define the age at onset of heaviest use(AOHU) of a drug, as the age when drug was used the most for each patient. The effect of cannabis and cocaine AOHU on AOP was explored through Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests, and logistic regression. Sex-adjusted cumulative hazard curves and Cox regression models were used to compare the AOP of patients with and without a history of cannabis use, or associated cocaine use.ResultsAOP was significantly associated with the use of cannabis, independently of sex, use of cocaine, tobacco smoking or excessive alcohol consumption. There was a dose-response relationship between cannabis AOHU and AOP: the earlier the AOHU the earlier the AOP. Hazard curves showed that patients with a history of cannabis use had a higher hazard of having a first episode psychosis than the rest of the patients (sex-adjusted log rank χ2=23.43,df=1, p< 0.001). Their respective median AOP (25th, 75th percentiles) were 23.5 (21,28) and 33.5 years (27,45) (for log-transformed AOP, t=5.6, df=110, p< 0.001).ConclusionsOur results are in favor of a catalytic role for cannabis use in onset of psychosis.
P03-41 - Familial Association Between Schizophrenia and Mental Retardation
Authors: Da Ponte G. , Neves T. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesAlert to the high prevalence and familial association between schizophrenia and mental retardation.MethodsReview relevant literature after the description if a clinical case example; additional diagnostic exams.ResultsDescription of a clinical case: Man with 25 years old with mental retardation and first episode of pchicosys.He and his all family works in the fire department. In his family history there is a mother with pchicosys, father with mental retardation, sister with a post partum depression, aunt with bipolar affective disorder, and two uncles who comet suicide.In January of 2008, he begins to hear voices, in his work, that call him and ask for help; then he begin to see an old lady in his bedroom's window; he stop sleeping and eating. The family brings him to the emergency room and he's started diazepam (15 mg/day) and olanzapina (20 mg/day) and the symptom remit.Three days later, he stops the medication and the symptoms came back. He gets very scared and begin to take the medication every day.He did a brain computerized tomography that excludes organic diseases and psychological tests that confirms mental retardation.ConclusionsIt is well established that prevalence of schizophrenia is around three times greater in those with mild mental retardation and the co-association between mental retardation and schizophrenia is highly familial. Both bipolar illness and major depressive disorder have also increased prevalence in the mental retarded. The prognosis is directly linked with family and social support.
P03-44 - Effectiveness of Long-Acting Injectable Risperidone in the Post-Acute Treatment of Schizophrenic Patients in Ambulatory Care
Authors: Hargarter L. , Diekamp B. , Ibach B. , Juckel G. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionMajor goals in the treatment of schizophrenic out-patients are the reduction and stabilization of psychopathological symptoms, the reduction of relapses and a lasting improvement of the quality of life.MethodsNon-interventional, 52-week study (RIS-SCH-4091) in schizophrenic patients after treatment of exacerbation or first episode of schizophrenia (ICD-10 F20.x) with monotherapy of long-acting injectable risperidone (RLAI).ResultsInterim-analysis after 12 months of 75 patients (ITT, m 64%; 32.7±9.1 years; N=88 safety set). Duration of observation was 278.8±119.3 days. Median start and end dose of RLAI was 37.5 mg/2 weeks. More than 80% of RLAI patients showed 75-100% compliance; 63% improved compliance compared to previous treatment. Improvement from baseline to endpoint was significant (p< 0.0001) for total PANSS (31.4±30.0), SF-12 physical (7.6±11.6) and mental health scores (13.4±12.5) and total SWN-K scores (20.7±23.5). Most patients had no relapse (89%) and no hospitalizations (92%) due to underlying psychosis during the observation period under RLAI compared to 59% with at least one hospitalization within the 12 months prior to this study. Mean relapse free time was 208.6±5.1 days. 119 adverse events (AEs; 28 serious AEs) were reported in 47 patients. Most common AEs at least possibly related to RLAI were lack of effectiveness 8.0%, weight increase 8.0%, psychotic disorder 5.7%, anxiety 3.4%, EPS 3.4%.ConclusionsThe results indicate that RLAI has good tolerability and good clinical effectiveness in the therapy of schizophrenic out-patients. High compliance, low hospitalization and low relapse rates under RLAI may help patients achieve stable remission and to master daily life.
P03-47 - The Differences in Producing Cognitive Deficit Between First and Second-Generation Antipsychotics - Our Experiences
Authors: Djedovic J. , Tomcuk A. , Radoman N. , Roganovic M. , Cizmovic B. , Matkovic N. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesContemporary researches of the cognitive impairment in schizophrenic patients were conducted in three directions: Cognitive declining as a developmental precursor of schizophrenia, evolution of the cognitive deficit during the illness, and at last, impact of pharmacological treatment on cognitive functioning. The main aim of our study is to evaluate differences between first and second-generation antipsychotics in manifestations and course of the cognitive declining, in patients with first episode of paranoid schizophrenia.Material and methodsWe conducted open label, prospective trial, at the sample of 12 patients during first episode of paranoid schizophrenia. Diagnosis was made according to the criteria of the International classification of diseases 10th revision. The sample was divided in two clusters with 6 patients in each one. In the first cluster, patients received first-generation antipsychotics, and in the second one was administered second-generation antipsychotic - risperidone. Cognitive functions was evaluated by Mini Mental State Examination Test which is modified with adding two simple neuropsychological tests: Clock Drawing Test and Test of Verbal Fluency.ResultsWe found more prominent cognitive declining in first cluster patients - particularly mnestic deficit.ConclusionsFirst-generation antipsychotics posses more prominent negative impact on cognitive functioning in comparison to second generation antipsychotic - risperidone.
P03-51 - Folate and Vitamin B12 Serum Levels in First Psychotic Episode in Mental Health Center
Authors: Doll A. , Perez A. , Martin M. , Mena A. , Juan Jose P. , Pina L. 
Published: June 2010

Low folate and vitamin B12 serum levels are associated with schizophrenia, and other psychotic disorders.ObjectivesDeterminate folate and vitamin B12 serum levels in a sample of naive psychotic patients and in a sample of healthy population.MethodsFor 24 patients with a first psychotic episode serum folate an vitamin B12 were measured, and we take a sample of 30 person from healthy population adjust with age and gender for comparing both groups.ResultsIn the sample of psychotic patients 15 patients (62,5%)presents low levels of folate, and 2 (8,3%) vitamin B12 deficiency. In the group with low levels of folate the mean was 1,5 ng/ml, and in the group with low levels of vitamin B12 the mean was 155 pg/ml. In healthy sample, 9 persons presents low levels of folate and there weren’t any vitamin B12 deficiency in this group. We compared the mean of folate levels in both samples and there was a significance difference between them.ConclusionsImportant percentage of patients with a first psychotic episode presents a folate deficiency, in our area, with lower levels of this vitamin than in the healthy population, so maybe is a factor that influence in development of the disorder.
P03-54 - Emotional/Affective Symptoms in Schizophrenic Patients and Their Relationship with Quality of Life
Authors: Estevens D. , Guete-Tur O. , Carvalho M. 
Published: June 2010

We will present the results of an on-going research, carried out with the main purpose of investigate and analyse the relationships between depressive and positive symptoms with stressful life-events, interpersonal processes and quality of life in schizophrenic patients.Sample: 30 adults, males and females, suffering from schizophrenia, inpatients of a Psychiatric Unit in a general hospital.A multimodal assessment matrix was used to evaluate depression, suicidal ideation and intention, hopelessness, pessimism, interpersonal relations, quality of life, stressful life events and positive symptoms.We expect to find a positive correlation between hopelessness, pessimism, suicidal ideation, and the indicators of depression and also a mediator effect, of depressive, cognitive and positive symptoms, on the relationship between stressful life events and quality of life.
P03-56 - Physical Illness in Institutionalized Schizophrenic Patients
Authors: Gallardo R. , González Pablos E. , García Sánchez F.J. , Salgado Pascual C. , Hoyos Villagrá G. , Herreros Gilarte I. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesTo find out the frequency of medical conditions presented by a population of institutionalized chronic schizophrenic patients.MethodsThe target population is a total of 220 schizophrenic patients, 48 men and 172 women, diagnosed following the ICD-10 criteria, institutionalized at least during 5 years in a 76,8% of the patients. The average age was of 64,64 years.Specific survey applied by the group of investigators aiming to collect socio-demographical data and the medical conditions, using the following psychometric scales: Cumulative Index of Illnesses (CII), Global Assessment Scale (GAS), and Clinical Global Impression (CGI).Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS v 15.0, including descriptive statistics and correlation analysis.ResultsDiabetes was found in 15% of cases, obesity in 31,7%, overweight in 39%, high blood pressure in 24,5%, high cholesterol serum levels in 21%, high triglyceride serum levels in 8,7%. A 26% of the patients were smokers.The average number of categories at the CII scale was 4,84 and the average total score was 11,96.ConclusionsOur patients predominantly are of an advanced age, female sex, and long-term inpatients. The presence of comorbid physical illness is high. The relatively low number of smokers could be explained by the demographic characteristics of our sample.
P03-73 - Myocarditis and cardiomyopathy: severe complications of clozapine treatment
Authors: Kamphuis H. , Arends J. , Timmerman L. , Kappert J. , Van Marle J. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionClozapine has several major side-effects for example agranulocytosis. There are however several severe cardiac side-effects associated with the use of clozapine.We present two psychotic patients, who were treated with clozapine. One patient developed myocarditis and the other patient developed cardiomyopathy. These findings raised questions about the frequency of cardiac side-effects due to clozapine treatment.ObjectivesAwareness of cardiotoxic side-effects of clozapine; Creation of a clinical guideline for myocarditis and cardiomyopathy in clozapine treatmentMethodsTwo case reports, one male 57 years, suffering from paranoid schizophrenia developing myocarditis, the other a female of 62 years also suffering from paranoid schizophrenia, developing cardiomyopathy during clozapine treatment are presented.Secondly, an extensive literature search with keywords: Myocarditis; cardiomyopathy, heartfaillure and clozapine has been performed.ResultsThe incidence of myocarditis and cardiomyopathy associated with clozapine use are possibly around 1 percent, 10-100 times higher than previously assumed.ConclusionMyocarditis and cardiomyopathy are cardiac side-effects of clozapine use which are severe and have a possible fatal outcome. Diagnosis of namely myocarditis can be difficult.Research suggests that these side-effects might be less rare as thought of until recently. A clinical guideline for monitoring of these side-effects didn’t really exist to this moment. A proposition for a clinical guideline has been made in this presentation consisting of namely: anamnestic findings laboratory tests and ECG controls. Awareness for myocarditis is especially necessary during the first 4 weeks of clozapine treatment.
P03-81 - Attribution style and reaction to frustration in persistent delusional psychosis
Authors: Lazarescu M. , Papava I. , Popa I. , Papava S.R. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesAttribution style and reaction to frustration play an important part in both depression and paranoia. The objective was to study the attribution style and frustration reaction between persistent delusional psychosis with depression and persistent without depression.Materials and methodFourty patients diagnosed with ICD 10 persistent delusional disorder with a period of evolution of 8 years, was grouped into 2 subgroups:a)with depression andb)without depression.All are part of the Cases Registrer of Timisoara Psychiatric Clinic (CRPTC) which monitors the functional psychoses from 1985. For each patient was applied in period of remission BPRS (Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale), ASQ (Attributional Style Questionnaire) and Rosenzweig frustration test.ResultsThe persistent delusional psychosis without depressive features present a more internal and less stable attributions of the negative events. For the positive events, the stability and globality is higher for those with depression. Concerning the response to frustrating situations, persistent delusional psychosis with depression give answers prevailling extrapunitiveness, whereas those without depression give prevailling need-persistence answers. There are significant similarities between the two groups concerning the type of persisting necessity.ConclusionsAmong the persistent delusional psychosis, those with depressive features demonstrate an agresivity directed more towards exterior in the frustrating situations and associate less the negative events with their own personality than the pure persistent delusional.