bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrospective long‐term evaluation of autotransplantation of premolars to the central incisor region
Authors: Mendoza‐Mendoza A. , Solano‐Reina E. , Iglesias‐Linares A. , Garcia‐Godoy F. , Abalos C. 
Published: September 2011

Mendoza‐Mendoza A, Solano‐Reina E, Iglesias‐Linares A, Garcia‐Godoy F. Abalos C. Retrospective long‐term evaluation of autotransplantation of premolars to the central incisor region. International Endodontic Journal, 45, 88–97, 2012.AbstractAim  This retrospective case‐series study aimed to examine the long‐term outcomes of autogenously transplanted premolars.Methodology  Twelve patients in whom donor premolars were used to replace maxillary central incisors lost by trauma were clinically and radiologically monitored. Standardized clinical and radiographic records were systematically obtained during the follow‐up period of 14 years, to determine the influence of specific clinical criteria on the overall success rate of transplantation.Results  The success rate of premolar autotransplantation in the maxillary central incisor area was 80% after 14 years follow‐up. The highest success rate occurred in those teeth transplanted with two‐thirds of full root development. Complete pulp obliteration was positively related to autotransplant viability, followed by root formation in the bony crypt.Conclusions  Autotransplantation of donor teeth, at the stage of ½ to ¾ of their expected root length, can provide a successful treatment solution for over 14 years.
Comparison of the surface tension of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite solution with three new sodium hypochlorite‐based endodontic irrigants
Authors: Palazzi F. , Morra M. , Mohammadi Z. , Grandini S. , Giardino L. 
Published: September 2011

Palazzi F, Morra M, Mohammadi Z, Grandini S, Giardino L. Comparison of the surface tension of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite solution with three new sodium hypochlorite‐based endodontic irrigants. International Endodontic Journal, 45, 129–135, 2012.AbstractAim  To investigate the surface tension characteristics of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite and three recently introduced sodium hypochlorite solutions, which had been modified to reduce their surface tension: Chlor‐Xtra, Hypoclean A and Hypoclean B.Methodology  Freshly produced MilliQ water was used as a reference liquid. All measurements of surface tension were taken by the Wilhelmy plate technique, using a Cahn DCA‐322 Dynamic Contact Angle Analyzer at the temperature of 22 °C. A glow‐discharge cleaned glass slide was immersed in 5 mL of the test liquid in a beaker cleaned with hot chromic acid, rinsed with MilliQ water and finally air plasma‐cleaned in a glow‐discharge reactor. The force on the glass slide was recorded continuously by the instrument software as the beaker was raised and withdrawn at the constant speed of 40 micron/s, until at least 1 cm of the glass slide was immersed. The typical accuracy was 0.5 mJ m−2. For each sample, fifteen measurements were taken, and mean values were calculated. A Kruskal–Wallis anova analysis, followed by Mann–Whitney’s U rank sum test for pair‐wise comparisons, was used to compare surface tension values. Statistical significance was set at α = 0.05.Results  MilliQ water (72.13 mJ m−2) and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (48.90 mJ m−2) had the highest surface tension values (P < 0.01) compared to Chlor‐Xtra (33.14 mJ m−2), Hypoclean B (30.00 mJ m−2) and Hypoclean A (29.13 mJ m−2). Hypoclean A had the lowest surface tension (P < 0.01).Conclusions  The new 5.25% sodium hypochlorite solutions modified with surfactants, Hypoclean A and Hypoclean B, had surface tension values that were significantly lower (P < 0.01) than Chlor‐Xtra and 5.25% NaOCl. Because of their low surface tension and increased contact with dentinal walls, these new irrigants have the potential to penetrate more readily into uninstrumented areas of root canal system as well as allow a more rapid exchange with fresh solution, enabling greater antimicrobial effectiveness and enhanced pulp tissue dissolution ability.
Weight gain and lipid–glucose profiles among patients taking antipsychotic medications: comparisons for prescriptions administered using algorithms versus usual care
Authors: KOCH D. A. , SCOTT A. J. 
Published: September 2011

Accessible summary
Metabolic disturbances, especially weight gain, are associated with the use of many psychotropic drugs.
Algorithms assist healthcare practitioners with decisions regarding appropriate medication treatment choices.
The use of evidence‐based practice guidelines has a positive effect on weight and triglycerides, and cholesterol.
AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine if treatment strategy had a significant effect on the occurrence of physiological changes consistent with metabolic syndrome and/or type 2 diabetes in patients using atypical antipsychotic medications. The four variables assessed were: weight gain, fasting blood sugar, triglycerides and cholesterol. The two strategies compared were (1) evidence‐based practice, derived from the Texas Medication Algorithm Project, and (2) practitioner preference. A retrospective chart review was performed on patients diagnosed with a chronic psychiatric disorder being treated with atypical antipsychotics. The dates of the reviewed records were from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2008. The sample of patients totaled 113. Statistical analysis included logistic regression for each of the four variables assessed. The use of evidence‐based practice guidelines was found to have strong positive effects on two of the four variables assessed. Further studies need to be conducted to include medications being taken to lower lipids and blood sugar. Overall, the use of evidence‐based practice guidelines has a positive effect on weight, triglycerides and cholesterol. It is important that patients be closely monitored and changes made in a timely manner to minimize adverse effects of atypical antipsychotics.
ABERRANT PANICLE ORGANIZATION 2/RFL, the rice ortholog of Arabidopsis LEAFY, suppresses the transition from inflorescence meristem to floral meristem through interaction with APO1
Authors: Ikeda‐Kawakatsu Kyoko , Maekawa Masahiko , Izawa Takeshi , Itoh Jun‐Ichi , Nagato Yasuo 
Published: September 2011

SummaryThe temporal and spatial control of meristem identity is a key element in plant development. To better understand the molecular mechanisms that regulate inflorescence and flower architecture, we characterized the rice aberrant panicle organization 2 (apo2) mutant which exhibits small panicles with reduced number of primary branches due to the precocious formation of spikelet meristems. The apo2 mutants also display a shortened plastochron in the vegetative phase, late flowering, aberrant floral organ identities and loss of floral meristem determinacy. Map‐based cloning revealed that APO2 is identical to previously reported RFL gene, the rice ortholog of the Arabidopsis LEAFY (LFY) gene. Further analysis indicated that APO2/RFL and APO1, the rice ortholog of Arabidopsis UNUSUAL FLORAL ORGANS, act cooperatively to control inflorescence and flower development. The present study revealed functional differences between APO2/RFL and LFY. In particular, APO2/RFL and LFY act oppositely on inflorescence development. Therefore, the genetic mechanisms for controlling inflorescence architecture have evolutionarily diverged between rice (monocots) and Arabidopsis (eudicots).
Roles of target site location and sequence complementarity in trans‐acting siRNA formation in Arabidopsis
Authors: Zhang Changqing , Ng Danny W.‐K. , Lu Jie , Chen Z. Jeffrey 
Published: September 2011

SummaryIn plants, many mRNAs and non‐coding RNAs are cleaved by RNA‐induced silencing complexes. After cleavage, only a limited number of RNAs are processed into trans‐acting siRNAs (tasiRNAs). One reason is that 22 nt small RNAs, but not the more common 21 nt small RNAs, can efficiently trigger tasiRNA formation. The characteristics of the target transcripts may also affect tasiRNA production. Here we report the effects of target site location and sequence complementarity on tasiRNA formation. A synthetic sequence that included a miR173 target site and two siRNAs targeting an endogenous mRNA encoding PHYTOENE DESATURASE3 was introduced into a protein‐coding (GFP) gene in the coding region or 3′ UTR. tasiRNAs were generated in the transgenic seedlings, and the PDS3 mRNA level was reduced, leading to a photobleaching phenotype. It was found that tasiRNAs were most efficiently produced when the miR173 target site was placed immediately after the stop codon. Introducing premature stop codons caused a dramatic reduction of tasiRNAs and over‐accumulation of 3′ cleavage products, suggesting positive effects of translation on processing the 3′ cleavage products into tasiRNAs. By systematically mutating the miR173 target site, we found that perfect complementarity between the 3′ end of miR173 and the 5′ end of the target sequence was crucial. Mismatches at that position abolished tasiRNA formation, but mismatches at the 5′ end of miR173 had less effect. These data suggest important roles for translation and specific sequence complementarity in tasiRNA formation, providing new insights into tasiRNA biogenesis as well as a strategy for improving the efficiency of RNA interference (RNAi) using tasiRNAs.
The Arabidopsis APC4 subunit of the anaphase‐promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is critical for both female gametogenesis and embryogenesis
Authors: Wang Yanbing , Hou Yingnan , Gu Hongya , Kang Dingming , Chen Zhangliang , Liu Jingjing , Qu Li‐Jia 
Published: September 2011

SummaryThe anaphase‐promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that is involved in regulating cell‐cycle progression. It has been widely studied in yeast and animal cells, but the function and regulation of the APC/C in plant cells are largely unknown. The Arabidopsis APC/C comprises at least 11 subunits, only a few of which have been studied in detail. APC4 is proposed to be a connector in the APC/C in yeast and animals. Here, we report the functional characterization of the Arabidopsis APC4 protein. We examined three heterozygous plant lines carrying apc4 alleles. These plants showed pleiotropic developmental defects in reproductive processes, including abnormal nuclear behavior in the developing embryo sac and aberrant cell division in embryos; these phenotypes differ from those reported for mutants of other subunits. Some ovules and embryos of apc4/+ plants also accumulated cyclin B protein, a known substrate of APC/C, suggesting a compromised function of APC/C. Arabidopsis APC4 was expressed in meristematic cells of seedlings, ovules in pistils and embryos in siliques, and was mainly localized in the nucleus. Additionally, the distribution of auxin was distorted in some embryos of apc4/+ plants. Our results indicate that Arabidopsis APC4 plays critical roles in female gametogenesis and embryogenesis, possibly as a connector in APC/C, and that regulation of auxin distribution may be involved in these processes.
Phylogeographic patterns and cryptic speciation across oceanographic barriers in South African intertidal fishes
Authors: von der HEYDEN S. , BOWIE R. C. K. , PROCHAZKA K. , BLOOMER P. , CRANE N. L. , BERNARDI G. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBiogeographic boundaries are the meeting zone of broadly distributed faunas, or the actual cause of a faunal break. In the latter case, closely related sister species should be found across such a boundary. To achieve such a situation, preliminary stages are expected, where phylogeographic breaks followed by genetic cryptic speciation would be observed. Biogeographic boundaries, in the Cape Point/Cape Agulhas region of southern Africa, offer an ideal system to test such predictions. Here, we studied two intertidal clinid fish species that are endemic to southern Africa, Clinus superciliosus (n = 127) and Muraenoclinus dorsalis (n = 114). Using mitochondrial control region, 16S rRNA, 12S rRNA and NADH2 genes and the nuclear rhodopsin and the first intron of the S7 ribosomal protein gene, we show both phylogeographic breaks and likely cryptic speciation in each species. Pairwise Φst results suggest population genetic structuring for both species, with higher levels for M. dorsalis (Φst = 0.34–0.93) than for C. superciliosus (Φst = 0.1–0.74). Further, we recover two and three distinct lineages within M. dorsalis and C. superciliosus, respectively. Phylogenetic topologies, concordance between nuclear and mitochondrial markers and levels of sequence divergence, which are consistent with closely related sister species pairs, suggest the presence of cryptic species. Our results therefore meet the expectation for reduced gene flow at a biogeographic barrier, which translates into significant genetic breaks and cryptic sister species.
‘Morfeo’ Elm: a new variety resistant to Dutch elm disease
Authors: Santini A. , Pecori F. , Pepori A. , Brookes A. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryDutch elm disease (DED) has spread through Europe and North America since the beginning of the twentieth century. In response, several independent genetic improvement programmes for breeding DED‐resistant elms have been established on both sides of the Atlantic. Assimilating a wide range of resistant clones of different parentage should help ensure survival of the elm in the event of mutation of the pathogen. The Italian elm breeding programme began in the late 1970s and has recently raised a new variety by crossing a specimen of U. chenmoui with the Dutch hybrid clone ‘405’. This new release, named ‘Morfeo’, is extremely resistant to DED and has an attractive form and foliage. It is also fast‐growing, tolerant of drought and soils waterlogged in winter, therefore proving well adapted to the climates of both north‐western Europe and the Mediterranean. Following trials in England, ‘Morfeo’ is considered of potential importance in the conservation of several invertebrates endangered by the consequences of DED.
Characterization of the rumen microbiota of pre‐ruminant calves using metagenomic tools
Authors: Li Robert W. , Connor Erin E. , Li Congjun , Baldwin, VI Ransom L. , Sparks Michael E. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryThe temporal sequence of microbial establishment in the rumen of the neonatal ruminant has important ecological and pathophysiological implications. In this study, we characterized the rumen microbiota of pre‐ruminant calves fed milk replacer using two approaches, pyrosequencing of hypervariable V3–V5 regions of the 16S rRNA gene and whole‐genome shotgun approach. Fifteen bacterial phyla were identified in the microbiota of pre‐ruminant calves. Bacteroidetes was the predominant phylum in the rumen microbiota of 42‐day‐old calves, representing 74.8% of the 16S sequences, followed by Firmicutes (12.0%), Proteobacteria (10.4%), Verrucomicrobia (1.2%) and Synergistetes (1.1%). However, the phylum‐level composition of 14‐day‐old calves was distinctly different. A total of 170 bacterial genera were identified while the core microbiome of pre‐ruminant calves included 45 genera. Rumen development seemingly had a significant impact on microbial diversity. The dazzling functional diversity of the rumen microbiota was reflected by identification of 8298 Pfam and 3670 COG protein families. The rumen microbiota of pre‐ruminant calves displayed a considerable compositional heterogeneity during early development. This is evidenced by a profound difference in rumen microbial composition between the two age groups. However, all functional classes between the two age groups had a remarkably similar assignment, suggesting that rumen microbial communities of pre‐ruminant calves maintained a stable function and metabolic potentials while their phylogenetic composition fluctuated greatly. The presence of all major types of rumen microorganisms suggests that the rumen of pre‐ruminant calves may not be rudimentary. Our results provide insight into rumen microbiota dynamics and will facilitate efforts in formulating optimal early‐weaning strategies.
Human distal gut microbiome
Authors: Marchesi Julian R. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryThe distal gut and its associated microbiota is a new frontier in the quest to understand human biology and evolution. The renaissance in this field has been partly driven by advances in sequencing technology and also by the application of a variety of ‘omic’ technologies in a systems biology framework. In the initial stages of understanding what constitutes the gut, culture‐independent methods, primarily inventories of 16S rRNA genes, have provided a clear view of the main taxonomic groups of Bacteria in the distal gut and we are now moving towards defining the functions that reside in the distal gut microbiome. This review will explore recent advances in the area of the distal gut and the use of a variety of omic approaches to determine what constitutes this fascinating collection of microbes.
Percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation for slow transit constipation: a pilot study
Authors: Collins B. , Norton C. , Maeda Y. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAim  Chronic constipation is a problem with debilitating effects on patients’ quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation in patients with slow transit constipation.Method  Eighteen patients (17 women, median age 47 years, range 21–74) with slow transit constipation previously failing maximal biofeedback therapy participated in the study. Patients had 12 sessions of 30 minutes of percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation. Wexner constipation score (0–30, 30 being the worst) was the primary outcome, colonic transit time, bowel diary and Patient Assessment of Constipation Quality of Life (PAC‐QOL) were evaluated pre‐ and post‐treatment.Results  Wexner constipation score improved significantly with treatment (median 18 pre‐treatment, range 10–24, to median 14 post‐treatment, range 7–22; P = 0.003). The PAC‐QOL also showed significant improvement (median 2.31, range 1.36–3.61, to median 1.43, range 0.39–3.78; P = 0.008). Stool frequency increased (P = 0.048) and the use of laxatives decreased (P = 0.025). There was no change in colonic transit time (P = 0.45).Conclusion  Percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation has potential as an affordable and minimally invasive treatment for slow transit constipation.
Examining supply changes in Australia's cocaine market
Authors: HUGHES CAITLIN E. , CHALMERS JENNY , BRIGHT DAVID A. , MATTHEW‐SIMMONS FRANCIS , SINDICICH NATASHA 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIntroduction and Aims. Media attention to cocaine use and supply has increased following some of the largest cocaine seizures in Australia's history. Whether there has been an expansion in supply remains unclear. This paper examines the evidence behind assertions of increased supply in Australia and the scale and nature of any apparent increase, using proxy indicators of cocaine importation, distribution and use.Design and Methods. Eight proxies of cocaine importation, distribution and use were adopted, including amount of importation, mode of importation and supply flows to Australia. Each proxy indicator was sourced using publicly available and Australia‐wide data, including information on the total weight of border seizures, mode of detection and country of embarkation of individual seizures. Data permitting, trends were examined for up to a 12 year period (1997–1998 to 2009–2010).Results. Since 2006–2007 there was evidence of increased cocaine importation, albeit less than between 1998–1999 and 2001–2002. There were further signs that the 2006–2007 expansion coincided with a diversification of trafficking routes to and through Australia (beyond the traditional site of entry—Sydney) and shifts in the geographic distribution of use.Discussion and Conclusions. The congruity between indicators suggests that there has been a recent expansion in cocaine supply to and distribution within Australia, but that the more notable shift has concerned the nature of supply, with an apparent growth in importation and distribution beyond New South Wales. The diversification of cocaine supply routes may increase risks of market entrenchment and organised crime throughout Australia.[Hughes CE, Chalmers J, Bright DA, Matthew‐Simmons F, Sindicich N. Examining supply changes in Australia's cocaine market. Drug Alcohol Rev 2012;31:263–272]
Characterization of nectin processing mediated by presenilin‐dependent gamma‐secretase
Authors: Kim Jinsook , Chang Allison , Dudak Amanda , Federoff Howard J. , Lim Seung T. 
Published: September 2011

J. Neurochem. (2011) 119, 945–956.AbstractNectins play an important role in forming various intercellular junctions including synapses. This role is regulated by several secretases present at intercellular junctions. We have investigated presenilin (PS)‐dependent secretase‐mediated processing of nectins in PS1 KO cells and primary hippocampal neurons. The loss of PS1/γ‐secretase activity delayed the processing of nectin‐1 and caused the accumulation of its full‐length and C‐terminal fragments. Over‐expression of PS2 in PS1 KO cells compensated for the loss of PS1, suggesting that PS2 also has the ability to regulate nectin‐1 processing. In mouse brain slices, a pronounced increase in levels of 30 and 24 kDa C‐terminal fragments in response to chemical long‐term potentiation was observed. The mouse brain synaptosomal fractionation study indicated that nectin‐1 localized to post‐synaptic and preferentially pre‐synaptic membranes and that shedding occurs in both compartments. These data suggest that nectin‐1 shedding and PS‐dependent intramembrane cleavage occur at synapses, and is a regulated event during conditions of synaptic plasticity in the brain. Point mutation analysis identified several residues within the transmembrane domain that play a critical role in the positioning of cleavage sites by ectodomain sheddases. Nectin‐3, which forms hetero‐trans‐dimers with nectin‐1, also undergoes intramembrane cleavage mediated by PS1/γ‐secretase, suggesting that PS1/γ‐secreatse activity regulates synapse formation and remodeling by nectin processing.
A panbiogeographical model to prioritize areas for conservation along large rivers
Authors: Arzamendia Vanesa , Giraudo Alejandro R. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAim  The large rivers of the Neotropics are considered areas of high diversity and endemism, which play an important role in the distribution patterns and evolution of Neotropical biota. Several methods have been proposed for prioritizing terrestrial conservation areas, but there has been little effort to develop models for river systems. We propose a panbiogeographical approach to identify priority areas for conservation along rivers.Location  The Plata Basin rivers.Methods  We compared the individual tracks (IT) of 96 snake taxa and identified the species associated with rivers using the concept of preferential direction of distribution. For each taxon, we measured the angular deviations between the line of its IT and the course of the rivers on a 100 × 100 km scaled grid. Average angular values < 45° indicated a positive association with rivers. We detected 35 taxa associated with rivers, and their IT were used to determine the generalized tracks (GT) and nodes. We applied a complementarity algorithm to identify the minimum set of nodes required to represent all species.Results  Six nodes were found. The region where the High and Upper Paraná Rivers converge (Node 1) is of first priority, with 60 of 96 species. The second priority is the Lower Paraguay River and northern section of Middle Paraná River (Node 2). The third is the High Paraná, which together with Nodes 1 and 2, comprises 94% of the total species. The fourth and fifth are the High and Middle Uruguay, and the western section of the Upper Paraná and Iberá Marsh system, respectively. These five nodes include all species.Main conclusions  Our results highlight the areas of particular interest for the conservation of rivers and provide a biogeographical algorithm for detecting priority conservation areas. The nodes are a biogeographical approach that allows evolutionary and ecological traits to be included in conservation assessment.