bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenging parents’ myths regarding their children’s teething
Authors: Owais AI , Zawaideh F , Bataineh O 
Published: August 2009

Abstract:  Objectives:  The aims of this study were to (i) investigate the parental beliefs about teething signs and symptoms, (ii) investigate the parents’ practices used to alleviate teething troubles and (iii) provide an educational basis for dental healthcare providers to better educate parents on this subject.Methods:  A cross‐sectional survey was conducted in a random sample of 1500 parents attending Maternity and Child Health Care Centers. The self‐administered questionnaire contained three sections: Section I surveyed parents’ and their children’s demographic characteristics, Section II aimed to assess the general knowledge and beliefs of parents regarding their children’s teething. Section III aimed at investigating the practices that the parents would do to manage teething problems and relieve pain. The analysis of data was carried out using spss computer software. Descriptive statistics and Chi‐squared test were utilized.Results:  Almost 75% of the participants incorrectly attributed fever, diarrhoea and sleep disturbances to teething, and more than 50% believed systemic symptoms are not related to the process. More than 50% of the participants allowed their children to bite on chilled objects, (76.1%) used systemic analgesics and (65.6%) rubbed the gums with topical analgesics to relieve the symptoms associated with teething.Conclusions:  This study shows a common lack of knowledge about teething among parents. Parents should be better educated about the teething process and the proper management of teething troubles by the dental health care providers.
Thin Bioactive Ceramic‐Coated Alumina‐Blasted/Acid‐Etched Implant Surface Enhances Biomechanical Fixation of Implants: An Experimental Study in Dogs
Authors: Granato Rodrigo , Marin Charles , Gil Jose N. , Chuang Sung‐Kiang , Dodson Thomas B. , Suzuki Marcelo , Coelho Paulo G. 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTBackground: Thin bioceramic coatings have been regarded as potential substitutes for plasma‐sprayed hydroxyapatite coatings.Purpose: This study tested the hypothesis that a thin bioactive ceramic coating deposition on an alumina‐blasted/acid‐etched (AB/AE) surface would positively affect the biomechanical fixation and bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC) of plateau root form implants.Materials and Methods: Implants of two different lengths (i.e., 4.5 × 11 mm long, n = 36) and 4.5 × 6 mm (short, n = 36) and two different surfaces, that is, control (AB/AE) and test (AB/AE + 300 – 500 nm bioactive ceramic coating), were placed in the proximal tibiae of six beagle dogs. The implants were retrieved for analyses 2 and 4 weeks after placement. The implants in bone specimens were subjected to torque loads until a 10% drop of the maximum torque was recorded. The specimens were evaluated under optical microscopy for bone morphology and percent BIC. Statistical analysis was performed by a generalized linear mixed effects analysis of variance model and statistical significance set at p < 0.05.Results: Significantly higher torque‐to‐interface fracture levels for test surface groups of both lengths when compared to control surfaces were observed. No significant difference in BIC was observed between test and control implants of equal length. Histomorphological analysis showed higher degrees of bone organization between the plateaus of test implant surfaces at both implantation times.Conclusion: Because the presence of a thin bioactive ceramic coating on the surface did not affect BIC, but positively affected implant biomechanical fixation, the hypothesis was partially validated.
Dimensional Tolerances and Assembly Accuracy of Dental Implants and Machined Versus Cast‐On Abutments
Authors: Malaguti Giuliano , Denti Lucia , Bassoli Elena , Franchi Irene , Bortolini Sergio , Gatto Andrea 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTBackground: The clinical application of prosthetic components obtained by different manufacturing processes lacks technological foundation: the dimensional tolerance of individual parts and their assembly accuracy are not known. The rotational misfit (RM) of the hexagonal connection is critical in single‐tooth implant restorations, but no standard control procedures are available for its evaluation.Purpose: The research aimed at proposing a new protocol for the dimensional assessment of implant‐abutment connections, based on noncontact measurement and statistical data processing. The procedure was applied to machined‐ and cast‐on abutments, as well of the matching implants.Materials and Methods: Three groups of five abutments each were studied: machined titanium abutments, pre‐machined calcinable abutments before casting procedures and the same specimens after casting. A group of five corresponding implants was considered as well. Twice the apothem was measured on each hexagon through an optical measuring microscope. The data were processed to obtain the international tolerance (IT) grade. The RM was then calculated using the apothems of the external and the internal hexagon.Results: All the components were classified between IT8 and IT9, and the maximum RM was around 3–4° for all the assemblies, inferior to the critical limits for the screw joint stability.Conclusion: An original measuring protocol was developed, independent of parts assembly and based on ITs. An objective dimensional characterization of prosthetic components and assemblies has been achieved, which is the basis for their reliability in clinical applications.
Minimally Invasive Antral Membrane Balloon Elevation – Results of a Multicenter Registry
Authors: Kfir Efraim , Goldstein Moshe , Yerushalmi Israel , Rafaelov Ronen , Mazor Ziv , Kfir Vered , Kaluski Edo 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTBackground and Purpose: Frequently, the posterior maxilla lacks sufficient bone mass to support dental implants. This multiphysician registry assessed the feasibility and safety of minimally invasive antral membrane balloon elevation (MIAMBE), followed by bone augmentation and implant fixation.Materials and Methods: One hundred twelve consecutive patients were referred for MIAMBE. Following pre‐procedural assessment and informed consent, patients underwent alveolar crest exposure, and 3 mm osteotomy followed by MIAMBE. Platelet‐rich fibrin and bone substitutes were injected under the antral membrane; implant placement and primary closure were executed at the same sitting. Implant loading was carried out 6 to 9 months later.Results: One hundred nine (97.3%) patients successfully concluded the initial procedure. Three patients had membrane tear requiring procedure abortion. One case of infection was documented at 4 weeks. Procedure time was 58 ± 23 minutes. Incremental bone height consistently exceeded 10 mm, and implant survival of 95% was observed at 6 to 9 months.Conclusion: MIAMBE can be applied to all patients in need of posterior maxilla bone augmentation with high procedural success, low complication rate, and satisfactory bone augmentation and implant survival. As it is minimally invasive and associated with minimal discomfort, MIAMBE should be an alternative to the currently employed methods of maxillary bone augmentation.
Short‐Term Temporal Changes in Tree Live Biomass in a Central Amazonian Forest, Brazil
Authors: de Castilho Carolina V. , Magnusson William E. , de Araújo R. Nazaré O. , Luizão Flávio J. 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTWe monitored seventy‐two 1 ha permanent plots spread over 64 km2 of terra firme forest at Reserva Ducke (Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil) over 2‐yr intervals to assess the effects of a soil and topographic gradient on the rate of change in the aboveground tree live biomass (AGLB). AGLB increased significantly over the 2‐yr intervals, exhibiting a mean rate of change of 1.65 Mg/ha/yr (bootstrapped 95% CI: 1.15, 2.79). The rate of change varied according to tree size class; understory and sub‐canopy trees exhibited higher rates of change. Over the whole period, the rate of change was not related to soil or topographic features of the plots, but there was evidence that the relationships varied depending on the year of measurement. In the plots monitored between 2001 and 2003 we found a significant relationship between AGLB change and the soil textural gradient, but this relationship was not evident in plots monitored between 2002 and 2004. This suggests that both the temporal variation in the soil–biomass change relationship and the size structure of the forest need to be included in models of biomass change in Amazonia. We also noted that the rate of biomass change is sensitive to the equation used to estimate AGLB. Allometric models that incorporate wood‐density data provide higher per plot AGLB estimates, but lower rates of change, suggesting that variations in floristic composition have important implications for carbon cycling in diverse tropical forests.
Comparative Detection of Calcium Fluctuations in Single Female Sex Cells of Tobacco to Distinguish Calcium Signals Triggered by in vitro Fertilization
Authors: Peng Xiong‐Bo , Sun Meng‐Xiang , Yang Hong‐Yuan 
Published: August 2009

Abstract Double fertilization is a key process of sexual reproduction in higher plants. The role of calcium in the activation of female sex cells through fertilization has recently received a great deal of attention. The establishment of a Ca2+‐imaging technique for living, single, female sex cells is a difficult but necessary prerequisite for evaluating the role of Ca2+ in the transduction of external stimuli, including the fusion with the sperm cell, to internal cellular processes. The present study describes the use of Fluo‐3 for reporting the Ca2+ signal in isolated, single, female sex cells, egg cells and central cells, of tobacco plants. A suitable loading protocol was optimized by loading the cells at pH 5.6 with 2 μM Fluo‐3 for 30 min at 30  °C. Under these conditions, several key factors related to in vitro fertilization were also investigated in order to test their possible effects on the [Ca2+]cyt of the female sex cells. The results indicated that the bovine serum albumin‐fusion system was superior to the polyethlene glycol‐fusion system for detecting calcium fluctuations in female sex cells during fertilization. The central cell was fertilized with the sperm cell in bovine serum albumin; however, no evident calcium dynamic was detected, implying that a transient calcium rise might be a specific signal for egg cell fertilization.
GNOM‐LIKE 2, Encoding an Adenosine Diphosphate‐Ribosylation Factor‐Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor Protein Homologous to GNOM and GNL1, is Essential for Pollen Germination in Arabidopsis
Authors: Jia Dong‐Jie , Cao Xi , Wang Wei , Tan Xiao‐Yun , Zhang Xue‐Qin , Chen Li‐Qun , Ye De 
Published: August 2009

Abstract In flowering plants, male gametes are delivered to female gametophytes by pollen tubes. Although it is important for sexual plant reproduction, little is known about the genetic mechanism that controls pollen germination and pollen tube growth. Here we report the identification and characterization of two novel mutants, gnom‐like 2‐1 (gnl2‐1) and gnl2‐2 in Arabidopsis thaliana, in which the pollen grains failed to germinate in vitro and in vivo. GNL2 encodes a protein homologous to the adenosine diphosphate‐ribosylation factor‐guanine nucleotide exchange factors, GNOM and GNL1 that are involved in endosomal recycling and endoplasmic reticulum‐Golgi vesicular trafficking. It was prolifically expressed in pollen grains and pollen tubes. The results of the present study suggest that GNL2 plays an important role in pollen germination.
If You Provide It, Will They Read It? Response Time Effects in a Choice Experiment
Authors: Vista Arvin B. , Rosenberger Randall S. , Collins Alan R. 
Published: August 2009

Substantial effort is expended in the design of surveys, including the amount and type of information they contain. However, we often do not know how involved respondents are in reading and processing the informational content of a survey and making choices, and whether different levels of involvement result in systematic differences in estimated models. To address this issue, we recorded response times for each respondent of an internet‐based choice experiment for stream restoration. Response times per survey section and for the entire survey were used as proxies for the amount of involvement in reading information provided or answering choice questions. Response times per survey section fell rapidly, possibly signaling learning, use of heuristics, or attempts to quickly dispel with the survey. Response times were found to be independent of demographics and attitudes. Log‐likelihood ratio tests failed to reject the null hypotheses of equal coefficients and scale parameters across response time‐partitioned data. However, there exists an association between response times and the increasing learning curve or difficult choice trade‐offs, suggesting a heuristic response. Additional research on response time effects and survey design is needed, especially with the rise in electronic surveying media. D'énormes efforts sont investis dans la conception de sondages, notamment pour déterminer la quantité et le type d'information présentée. Toutefois, nous ne savons pas combien de temps les répondants consacrent à la lecture et au traitement de cette information et au choix des réponses, ni si les divers degrés de participation entraînent ou non des différences systématiques dans les modèles estimés. Pour s'attaquer à cette question, nous avons chronométré les personnes qui ont répondu à un sondage en ligne sur la restauration des cours d'eau. Nous avons utilisé le temps de réponse pour chaque section et pour le sondage au complet comme mesure approximative de l'effort des participants pour lire l'information et répondre aux questions. Pour chaque section, le temps de réponse diminuait rapidement, soit en raison des connaissances heuristiques des répondants, soit en raison de leur désir d'effectuer le sondage le plus rapidement possible. Le temps de réponse s'est révélé indépendant des caractéristiques démographiques et des attitudes des répondants. Des tests du rapport de vraisemblance n'ont pas rejeté les hypothèses nulles de coefficients égaux et de paramètres d'échelle de l'ensemble des données cloisonnées. Toutefois, il existe un lien entre le temps de réponse et la courbe d'apprentissage croissante ou la difficulté des choix, ce qui laisse supposer une réponse heuristique. Il faudrait effectuer davantage de recherche sur les effets du temps consacré pour répondre à un sondage et pour le concevoir, en raison du nombre croissant de sondages en ligne.
Consumer Valuations of Beef Steak Food Safety Enhancement in Canada, Japan, Mexico, and the United States
Authors: Tonsor Glynn T. , Schroeder Ted C. , Pennings Joost M. E. , Mintert James 
Published: August 2009

Food safety concerns have had dramatic impacts on food and livestock markets in recent years. We examine consumer preferences for beef steak food safety assurances. We evaluate the extent to which preferences are heterogeneous within and across country‐of‐residence defined groups and examine the distributional nature of preferences with respect to marginal improvements in food safety. Using mixed logit models, we find that consumers in Canada, Japan, Mexico, and the United States have willingness to pay preferences that are nonlinear in the level of food safety risk reduction. In particular, consumers in Japan and Mexico have preferences that are convex and consumers in Canada and the United States have preferences concave in the level of food safety enhancement. Les inquiétudes entourant la sécurité alimentaire ont eu des répercussions considérables sur le marché du bétail et le marché des aliments au cours des dernières années. Nous avons examiné les préférences des consommateurs concernant l'assurance de la sécurité alimentaire de la viande de bœuf. Nous avons évalué dans quelle mesure les préférences des consommateurs étaient hétérogènes au sein de groupes établis selon le pays de résidence et entre ces groupes, et avons examiné la nature distributionnelle des préférences à l'égard des améliorations marginales de la sécurité alimentaire. L'utilisation de modèles logit mixtes nous a permis d'établir que la volonté de payer des consommateurs du Canada, du Japon, du Mexique et des États‐Unis étaient non linéaires lorsqu'il était question de diminuer le degré de risque concernant la sécurité alimentaire. Les préférences des consommateurs du Japon et du Mexique étaient convexes, tandis que celles des consommateurs du Canada et des États‐Unis étaient concaves lorsqu'il était question d'accroître le niveau de sécurité alimentaire.
Suggested Methods to Mitigate Bias from Nondissolved Petroleum in Ground Water Samples Collected from the Smear Zone
Authors: Zemo Dawn A. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis article provides actual site data that confirm that turbid ground water samples collected from within the smear zone at petroleum release sites can be significantly biased high by the inclusion of a nondissolved component that is an artifact of the sampling process. Side‐by‐side comparisons show that reducing sample turbidity can result in significant reductions of reported concentrations for the ground water samples and that the lower turbidity results are more representative of the petroleum actually dissolved in the ground water. Depending on site‐specific factors, ground water sample turbidity can be reduced by four field‐based and two laboratory‐based methods. These methods should be used routinely at sites where turbid samples with a nondissolved component are being collected.
MNA as a Remedy for Arsenic Mobilized by Anthropogenic Inputs of Organic Carbon
Authors: Hering Janet G. , O'Day Peggy A. , Ford Robert G. , He Y. Thomas , Bilgin Azra , Reisinger H. James , Burris David R. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe potential application of monitored natural attenuation (MNA) as a remedy for ground water contaminated with arsenic (As) is examined for a subset of contaminated sites, specifically those where naturally occurring As has been mobilized due to localized anthropogenic organic carbon (OC) releases. This includes sites subject to petroleum releases, exposure to landfill leachates, and OC additions for biostimulation of reductive dechlorination of chlorinated solvents. The key characteristic of these sites is that, under conditions prevailing before the anthropogenic OC introduction, the naturally occurring As in the subsurface was not mobile and did not adversely affect ground water quality. This suggests that, in the far‐field (where background conditions are (re) established), As may be sequestered upon contact of the contaminated ground water with either or both the (uncontaminated) ambient ground water and the background aquifer minerals. The observed extents of elevated concentrations (or “footprints”) of As and other chemical species, such as dissolved OC and iron (Fe), and related parameters, such as redox potential (Eh) and dissolved oxygen, and their evolution over time can be used to assess the mobilization and sequestration of As and the potential feasibility of MNA as a remedial option. Ultimately, the capacity for As sequestration must be assessed in the context of the OC loading to the site, which may require “active” measures for source control. Monitoring is needed to confirm the continuing effectiveness of the MNA remedy or to indicate if contingency measures must be implemented.
Pore Water Characteristics Following a Release of Neat Ethanol onto Pre‐existing NAPL
Authors: Stafford Brent P. , Cápiro Natalie L. , Alvarez Pedro J.J. , Rixey William G. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractNeat ethanol (75.7 L) was released into the upper capillary zone in a continuous‐flow, sand‐packed aquifer tank (8.2 m3) with an average seepage velocity of 0.75 m/day. This model aquifer system contained a residual nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) that extended from the capillary zone to 10 cm below the water table. Maximum aqueous concentrations of ethanol were 20% v/v in the capillary zone and 0.08% in the saturated zone at 25 and 30 cm downgradient from the emplaced NAPL source, respectively. A bench‐scale release experiment was also conducted for a similar size spill (scaled to the plan area). The concentrations of ethanol in ground water for both the bench‐ and pilot‐scale experiments were consistent with advective–dispersive limited mass transfer from the capillary to the saturated zone. Concentrations of monoaromatic hydrocarbons and isooctane increased in the pore water of the capillary zone as a result of both redistribution of residual NAPL (confirmed by visualization) and enhanced hydrocarbon dissolution due to the cosolvent effect exerted by ethanol. In the tank experiment, higher hydrocarbon concentrations in ground water were also attributed to decreased hydrocarbon biodegradation activity caused by preferential microbial utilization of ethanol and the resulting depletion of oxygen. These results infer that spills of highly concentrated ethanol will be largely confined to the capillary zone due to its buoyancy, and ethanol concentrations in near‐source zone ground water will be controlled by mass transfer limitations and hydrologic conditions. Furthermore, highly concentrated ethanol releases onto pre‐existing NAPL will likely exacerbate impacts to ground water, due to NAPL mobilization and dissolution, and decreased bioattenuation of hydrocarbons.
Multiple Working Transport Hypotheses in a Heterogeneous Glacial Aquifer System
Authors: Cypher Joseph A. , Lemke Lawrence D. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractMultiple working hypotheses can be used to evaluate permissible alternative hydrogeological interpretations at sites with limited subsurface control. This approach was applied to test the viability of three conceptual aquifer system architecture models coupled with three hypothesized source locations for a 1,4‐dioxane plume in a heterogeneous glacial aquifer system in Washtenaw County, Michigan. The three alternative conceptual models characterized the site hydrogeology with increasingly complex distributions of hydrostratigraphic units: (A) an effective aquifer, (B) a layered confined aquifer, and (C) a discretely heterogeneous aquifer model. Each was incorporated into an independently calibrated numerical ground water flow (MODFLOW) model. Steady‐state and transient flow simulations of the alternative models were evaluated using both hydraulic flow field characteristics observed under natural conditions and the perturbed response after local remedial pumping activity began. Three plausible locations where 1,4‐dioxane could have entered the aquifer system were identified using historical information at the site: (1) manufacturing waste water disposal lagoons, (2) a 60 foot (18 m) deep kettle lake, and (3) a shallow impoundment on a local stream. Advective transport modeling (MODPATH) was used to assess the consistency of the hypothesized source locations with observed contaminant migration pathways inferred from the mapped location of the plume. Evaluation of the nine combinations of hydrogeologic conceptualizations and 1,4‐dioxane source locations led to elimination of four working hypotheses and discounting of two others, leading to reduced overall uncertainty and the development of new insights into the system behavior.