bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of PPARγ in the salutary effects of 17β‐estradiol on kupffer cell cytokine production following trauma‐hemorrhage
Authors: Suzuki Takao , Kawasaki Takashi , Choudhry Mashkoor A. , Chaudry Irshad H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractStudies have shown that administration of 17β‐estradiol prevents trauma‐hemorrhage‐induced increase in proinflammatory cytokine production by Kupffer cells and associated multiple organ injury. Since activation of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ) following ischemic conditions has been shown to be protective, we examined if PPARγ plays any role in the salutary effects of 17β‐estradiol on Kupffer cell cytokine production following trauma‐hemorrhage. Male mice underwent trauma‐hemorrhage (mean blood pressure 40 mmHg for 90 min, then resuscitation). 17β‐estradiol (50 µg/kg) or vehicle with or without PPARγ antagonist GW9662 was injected subcutaneously at the middle of resuscitation. At 2 h after trauma‐hemorrhage, plasma interleukin (IL)‐6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α levels, Kupffer cell IL‐6 and TNF‐α production and mRNA expression, and PPARγ, nuclear factor (NF)‐κB and activator protein (AP)‐1 DNA binding activity were determined. Kupffer cell IL‐6 and TNF‐α production, as well as plasma IL‐6 and TNF‐α levels, increased following trauma‐hemorrhage. Moreover, NF‐κB and AP‐1 DNA binding activity and IL‐6 and TNF‐α mRNA expression were also enhanced under such conditions. However, 17β‐estradiol administration normalized all these parameters. Although PPARγ activity decreased after trauma‐hemorrhage, administration of 17β‐estradiol following trauma‐hemorrhage elevated PPARγ activity above the normal level. Inhibition of PPARγ by co‐administration of GW9662, however, abolished the salutary effects of 17β‐estradiol on plasma cytokine and Kupffer cells. Thus, activation of PPARγ appears to play an important role in mediating the salutary effects of 17β‐estradiol on plasma cytokine levels and Kupffer cell cytokine production after trauma‐hemorrhage, which are likely mediated via NF‐κB and AP‐1. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 205–211, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immune challenge affects female condition and egg size in the grey partridge
Authors: Cucco Marco , Pellegrino Irene , Malacarne Giorgio 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAs maintenance of the immune system is energetically costly and resource‐limited, trade‐offs among immune function, body condition, and reproductive allocation are expected. In this study, we experimentally test the possible trade‐off between immune response, self maintenance, and reproductive output in breeding grey partridges Perdix perdix. Before laying, half the females were immune challenged with a novel antigen vaccine (Newcastle disease virus, NDV). The challenged females showed a higher erythrosedimentation rate, a serum parameter related to worsened health conditions, but their cell‐mediated immune reaction (PHA test) did not differ from that of controls. The NDV‐treated females laid smaller eggs (mass, length, and breadth), while the concentrations of antibacterial substances (lysozyme and avidin, two enzymes that confer innate antibacterial immunity) were unrelated to the hen's immune challenge. Our study suggests that an immune challenge can have physiological consequences in terms of self‐maintenance and reproductive allocation to the egg. J. Exp. Zool. 313A:597–604, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Liquid chromatographic methods to analyze hindered amines light stabilizers (HALS) levels to improve safety in polyolefins
Authors: Noguerol‐Cal Rosalía , López‐Vilariño Jose Manuel , Fernández‐Martínez Gerardo , González‐Rodríguez M. Victoria , Barral‐Losada Luis F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA chromatographic method using ultra performance LC with ultraviolet spectrophotometry detection system (UPLC‐UV‐visible (UV/Vis)) (UPLC, ultra performance LC) was developed to determine Chimassorb 944 and Tinuvin 770, high‐ and low‐molecular mass hindered amine light stabilizers, respectively. The use of a bridge ethylene hybrid‐based particles C18 UPLC column, being compatible with a buffered mobile phase adjusted to pH 11.5, was used to achieve a satisfactory elution of possible non‐ionizated units of polymeric Chimassorb 944. In addition, a HPLC with positive ion mode ESI and hybrid linear ion trap (LTQ) Fourier transform (FT) Orbitrap MS detection system (HPLC‐UV/Vis‐ESI‐LTQ(FT)Orbitrap) was used for screening and identification purposes. Reliable determinations of monomeric units of Chimassorb 944 and molecule of Tinuvin 770 were achieved by HPLC‐ESI(+)‐LTQ FT Orbitrap MS method using scan mode. Quality parameters of UPLC‐UV/Vis method were evaluated. Obtained LODs and LOQs were 3.41 and 11.4 mg/L for Tinuvin 770 and 0.83 and 2.78 mg/L for Chimassorb 944, respectively. Satisfactory quality parameters of this chromatography method provided the chance to count on a good tool to know the compliance with legal requirements.
Synthesis of Photocleavable Amphiphilic Block Copolymers: Toward the Design of Photosensitive Nanocarriers
Authors: Cabane Etienne , Malinova Violeta , Meier Wolfgang 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe synthesis of a novel amphiphilic block copolymer containing a photodegradable linker as a junction point between hydrophilic and hydrophobic chains is presented. PmCL–ONB–PAA block copolymers were synthesized via a combination of ROP and ATRP from a difunctional photoresponsive initiator (ONB). The copolymers are biodegradable and biocompatible, they can self‐assemble into different structures, including micelles and vesicles which are photoresponsive. When polymer solutions were exposed to UV we observed significant changes in size and number of particles. We are currently investigating the promising potential of this system as photosensitive nanocarrier.magnified image
Diphenylacetylene Polymer Nanofiber Mats Fabricated by Freeze Drying: Preparation and Application for Explosive Sensors
Authors: Lee Wang‐Eun , Oh Chang‐Jin , Kang Inn‐Kyu , Kwak Giseop 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFinely structured diphenylacetylene polymer nanofibers were successfully prepared by a freeze drying method. SEM revealed that the morphology and structure of the fibers were significantly dependent on the concentration of the polymer solution, the ‘frozen in’ quenching temperature and the chemical structure of the polymer derivatives. Polarized fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that the polymer chains within the nanofiber were uniaxially oriented and highly elongated. The polymer nanofiber was remarkably sensitive to explosive nitroaromatic compounds when compared to the corresponding thin films. The fluorescence of polymer nanofiber obtained from 0.003 wt.‐% cryogenic benzene solution rapidly decreased to 50% of its initial value in ≈35 s by exposing to 2,4‐dinitrotoluene.magnified image
Long‐Aliphatic‐Segment Polyamides: Salt Preparation and Subsequent Anhydrous Polymerization
Authors: Boussia Anastasia C. , Vouyiouka Stamatina N. , Porfiris Athanasios D. , Papaspyrides Constantine D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractLong‐aliphatic‐segment polyamides were prepared based on hexamethylenediamine and α,ω‐(CH2)x biosynthetic diacids (x = 10, 11, 12). The pertinent monomers (salts) were isolated as solids, thoroughly characterized for the first time, and then submitted to an anhydrous melt prepolymerization technique. The obtained prepolymers exhibited $\overline {M} _{{\rm n}} $ in the range of 5 100–11 800 g · mol−1, and the molecular weight was further increased by up to 55% through solid‐state finishing. The suggested overall polyamidation cycle was conducted at short melt‐reaction times, so as to avoid any thermal degradation, and was proved efficient, indicating similar reactants polymerizability independently of the methylene content.magnified image
Improving the Thermal Behavior of Poly(propylene) by Addition of Spherical Silica Nanoparticles
Authors: Palza Humberto , Vergara Rodrigo , Zapata Paula 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSpherical silica nanoparticles were mixed with a PP matrix and the thermal behavior of the nanocomposites was studied. The nanocomposites presented drastic improvements in the degradation behavior under thermo‐oxidative conditions, showing complex multistep processes. Under inert conditions the improvements were lower. Our results indicate that mechanisms based on the labyrinth effect, nanoconfinement or trapping model, are not able to explain the whole enhanced thermal stability in these nanocomposites. Moreover, the high specific area of the nanoparticles (≈70 m2 · g−1) indicates that processes based on the adsorption of volatile polar products coming from the oxidative degradation mechanism are plausible.magnified image
Organic Ambipolar Conjugated Molecules for Electronics: Synthesis and Structure–Property Relationships
Authors: Jiang Hongji 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe field of organic electronics has been developed vastly in the past two decades, and the performance and lifetime of these devices are critically dependent on the materials development, device design, deposition processes, and modeling, among which the active materials of organic semiconductor play a crucial role. The unique properties of organic semiconductor are largely based on the versatility to synthesize multifunctional organic conjugated materials by judicious molecular design. To effectively adjust the optoelectronic properties, especially energy levels, of organic semiconductor, the scientists have presented a synthesis methodology of organic ambipolar conjugated molecules, in which typical p‐dope type and n‐dope type segments are incorporated into one molecule. The present review summarizes the progress on organic ambipolar conjugated molecules for electronics in the past few years. Some issues to be addressed are also highlighted and discussed.magnified image
Simultaneous Surface and Bulk Imaging of Polymer Blends with X‐ray Spectromicroscopy
Authors: Watts Benjamin , McNeill Christopher R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe demonstrate the utility of soft X‐ray spectromicroscopy to simultaneously image the surface and bulk composition of polymer blend thin films. In addition to conventional scanning transmission X‐ray microscopy that employs a scintillator and photomultiplier tube to measure the transmitted X‐ray flux, channeltron detection of near‐surface photoelectrons is employed to provide information of the composition of the first few nanometers of the film. Laterally phase‐separated blends of two polyfluorene co‐polymers are studied, with the structure of both wetting and capping layers clearly imaged. This new information provides insight into the connectivity of bulk and surface structures that is of particular relevance to the operation of such blends in optoelectronic devices.magnified image
Conformational and Dynamical Properties of the Isolated, Three‐Dimensional Single‐ and Double‐Tethered Polymer Chain on an Infinite Surface
Authors: Fritsche Miriam , Heermann Dieter W. , Dutra Mariana , Cordeiro Claudette E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBy Monte Carlo simulations we provide insight into the isolated single‐ and double‐tethered (ST and DT) polymer chain attached to an impenetrable surface to elucidate open theoretical questions and guide future experiments investigating the impact of tethering on the genome packaging by concurrent visualisation of multiple loci along the chromosome(s). In the models, either one or both ends (at a grafting distance d) are fixed or the ST and DT chain are “annealed” by permitting the anchor(s) to diffuse laterally along the surface. We analyse chain self‐entanglement, intrachain segment correlations, the relationship between mean square physical distance and corresponding contour length and provide the first report on the diffusion behaviour.magnified image
Univariate modelling of monthly maximum temperature time series over northeast India: neural network versus Yule–Walker equation based approach
Authors: Chattopadhyay Surajit , Jhajharia Deepak , Chattopadhyay Goutami 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe present paper has adopted an autoregressive approach to inspect the time series of monthly maximum temperature (Tmax) over northeast India. Through autocorrelation analysis the Tmax time series of northeast India is identified as non‐stationary, with a seasonality of 12 months, and it is also found to show an increasing trend by using both parametric and non‐parametric methods. The autoregressive models of the reduced Tmax time series, which has become stationary on removal of the seasonal and the trend components from the original time series, were generated through Yule–Walker equations. The sixth order autoregressive model (AR(6)) is identified as a suitable representative of the Tmax time series based on the Akaike information criteria, and the prediction potential of AR(6) is also established statistically through Willmott's indices. Subsequently, autoregressive neural network models were generated as a multilayer perceptron, a generalized feed forward neural network and a modular neural network. An autoregressive neural network model of order four (AR‐NN(4)), in the form of a modular neural network (MNN), has performed comparably well with that of AR(6) based on the high values of Willmott's indices and the low values of the prediction error. Therefore, AR‐NN(4)‐MNN will be a better option than AR(6) to forecast a time series, i.e. the monthly Tmax time series of northeast India, because AR‐NN(4)‐MNN requires fewer predictors for a superior forecast of a time series. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Bifurcation Analysis of a Tubular Reactor for Nitroxide‐Mediated Radical Polymerization of Styrene
Authors: Zitlalpopoca‐Soriano Angel Guillermo , Vivaldo‐Lima Eduardo , Flores‐Tlacuahuac Antonio 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this work, the nonlinear bifurcation behavior of a tubular reactor where nitroxide‐mediated radical polymerization of styrene takes place is analyzed. The effects of the cooling flow rate, feed stream temperature, cooling water temperature, feed stream monomer concentration, flow rate of monomer feed, diameter, and global heat transfer are addressed. The results showed that these changes have different impacts on the nonlinear operability characteristics of the polymerization reactor, and prompted for the development of a runaway boundary in the reactor. The mathematical model for this polymerization system is represented by a system of partial differential equations system (PDE) which is properly discretized by using the numerical method of lines. The resulting set of ordinary differential equations, representing heat and mass balances, as well as moment equations, are then used in the AUTO software to assess embedded nonlinear behavior patterns.magnified image
The possibility of microarray‐based analysis using cell‐free placental mRNA in maternal plasma
Authors: Miura Kiyonori , Miura Shoko , Yamasaki Kentaro , Shimada Takako , Kinoshita Akira , Niikawa Norio , Yoshiura Koh‐ichiro , Masuzaki Hideaki 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to investigate a possibility of overall assessment of cell‐free (CF) placental mRNAs in maternal plasma.MethodsFirst, placenta‐predominantly expressed transcripts were selected by the analysis of GeneChip using three sets of placental tissues and corresponding maternal blood cells. Subsequently, a custom cDNA array panel of placenta‐predominantly expressed transcripts was designed and used to compare the RNA profiles of maternal plasma collected from 12 preeclamptic and 12 uncomplicated pregnancies. Scatter plots for the signal intensities of the comparative cDNA hybridization revealed either unchanged or aberrant patterns.ResultsWe selected top 50 placenta‐predominantly expressed transcripts that were > 2500 times higher in placental tissues than in corresponding whole blood samples. A custom cDNA array analysis detected the aberrant pattern in five preeclamptic women with severe hypertension but not in seven preeclamptic women with mild hypertension (P < 0.05, Fisher's direct method). The aberrant pattern of above RNA transcripts in maternal plasma was validated by quantitative real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction. The mean (range) value of coefficient of variations in this custom array quantification was 9.4% (3.0–16.2%).ConclusionOur custom cDNA array is expected to be useful for overall assessment of CF placental mRNAs in maternal plasma in a single experiment. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the optical, electronic, and structural properties of zinc sulfide nanoclusters
Authors: Mohajeri Afshan , Alipour Mojtaba 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe optical, electronic, and structural properties of stoichiometric zinc sulfide clusters ((ZnS)n, n ≤ 10) have been systematically investigated using the density functional approach. The size evolution of several reactivity descriptors such as ionization potential, electron affinity, chemical hardness, and static dipole polarizability has been determined for ZnS clusters. Energetically, the relative stability of ZnS clusters at different sizes is studied by calculating their binding energy, the highest occupied molecular orbital‐lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy gap, and the second‐order difference in total energy. In addition to energetic analysis, minimum polarizability principle and principle of maximum hardness are used to characterize the magic number clusters. Moreover, it is shown that the differential mean polarizability can also be a useful quantity to characterize the stability of the studied clusters. Also, it is found that there is a strong inverse correlation between the static dipole polarizability and the ionization potential of the ZnS clusters. Similarly, the softness has also been shown to mostly correlate with the dipole polarizability of these clusters. Thus, this work will have some important implications for the calculation of polarizability of ZnS clusters in terms of the corresponding ionization potentials directly. Finally, the similarity function has been also used to investigate the extent that the clusters are similar to the pure ZnS or to each other. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
High‐Throughput Near‐Field Optical Nanoprocessing of Solution‐Deposited Nanoparticles
Authors: Pan Heng , Hwang David J. , Ko Seung H. , Clem Tabitha A. , Fréchet Jean M. J. , Bäuerle Dieter , Grigoropoulos Costas P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe application of nanoscale electrical and biological devices will benefit from the development of nanomanufacturing technologies that are high‐throughput, low‐cost, and flexible. Utilizing nanomaterials as building blocks and organizing them in a rational way constitutes an attractive approach towards this goal and has been pursued for the past few years. The optical near‐field nanoprocessing of nanoparticles for high‐throughput nanomanufacturing is reported. The method utilizes fluidically assembled microspheres as a near‐field optical confinement structure array for laser‐assisted nanosintering and nanoablation of nanoparticles. By taking advantage of the low processing temperature and reduced thermal diffusion in the nanoparticle film, a minimum feature size down to ≈100 nm is realized. In addition, smaller features (50 nm) are obtained by furnace annealing of laser‐sintered nanodots at 400 °C. The electrical conductivity of sintered nanolines is also studied. Using nanoline electrodes separated by a submicrometer gap, organic field‐effect transistors are subsequently fabricated with oxygen‐stable semiconducting polymer.
Density Fluctuations and Phase Transitions of Ferroelectric Polymer Nanowires
Authors: Serghei Anatoli , Lutkenhaus Jodie L. , Miranda Daniel F. , McEnnis Kathleen , Kremer Friedrich , Russell Thomas P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPhase transitions of polymeric materials are accompanied by changes in density as a function of temperature. Being able to measure these changes in polymeric systems in one, two or three dimensions on the nanoscopic length‐scale is a challenge, but it would provide a simple route to assess phase transitions in nanoscopically confined systems. It is shown that the measurement of the dielectric permittivity in the high frequency limit (in spectral regions not affected by dielectric dispersions) offers an effective and very sensitive means to assess density fluctuations, and hence phase transitions, in nanoscopic systems. The sensitivity of this approach is demonstrated by assessing the phase transition behavior of ferroelectric polymer nanowires confined within alumina membranes. No significant shifts in the Curie transition are observed down to pore diameters as small as 15 nm.
Histone deacetylase inhibitors: clinical implications for hematological malignancies
Authors: Tambaro Francesco Paolo , Dell’Aversana Carmela , Carafa Vincenzo , Nebbioso Angela , Radic Branka , Ferrara Felicetto , Altucci Lucia 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Histone modifications have widely been implicated in cancer development and progression and are potentially reversible by drug treatments. The N-terminal tails of each histone extend outward through the DNA strand containing amino acid residues modified by posttranslational acetylation, methylation, and phosphorylation. These modifications change the secondary structure of the histone protein tails in relation to the DNA strands, increasing the distance between DNA and histones, and thus allowing accessibility of transcription factors to gene promoter regions. A large number of HDAC inhibitors have been synthesized in the last few years, most being effective in vitro, inducing cancer cells differentiation or cell death. The majority of the inhibitors are in clinical trials, unlike the suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, a pan-HDACi, and Romidepsin (FK 228), a class I-selective HDACi, which are only approved in the second line treatment of refractory, persistent or relapsed cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, and active in approximately 150 clinical trials, in monotherapy or in association. Preclinical studies investigated the use of these drugs in clinical practice, as single agents and in combination with chemotherapy, hypomethylating agents, proteasome inhibitors, and MTOR inhibitors, showing a significant effect mostly in hematological malignancies. The aim of this review is to focus on the biological features of these drugs, analyzing the possible mechanism(s) of action and outline an overview on the current use in the clinical practice.