bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Position statement on the use of bortezomib in multiple myeloma
Authors: MORGAN G. J. , DAVIES F. E. , CAVENAGH J. D. , JACKSON G. H. ,   on behalf of the United Kingdom Myeloma Forum (UKMF) and the Haematology Oncology Task Force of the British Committee for Standards in Haematology
Published: August 2010

SummaryBortezomib (Velcade™) is a boron containing molecule which reversibly inhibits the proteasome, an intracellular organelle which is central to the breakdown of ubiquinated proteins and consequently crucial for normal cellular homeostasis. Phase II clinical trials demonstrate it is effective for the treatment of relapsed refractory myeloma, and a phase III trial comparing bortezomib to dexamethasone in second/third line treatment showed superiority in progression free and overall survival. It is administered intravenously in the outpatient setting on days 1, 4, 8 and 11 of a 21‐day cycle and regular monitoring for side effects is essential. It is currently approved for the treatment of multiple myeloma patients who have received at least one prior therapy and who have already undergone or are unsuitable for transplantation. Given the strength of this data the UK Myeloma Forum and British Committee for Standards in Haematology believe that bortezomib should be available for prescription by UK haematologists according to its licensed indication in patients with relapsed myeloma.
DIETARY CHANGE AMONG ITALIANS AND AUSTRALIANS IN PERTH
Authors: Hopkins S. , Margetts B. M. , Cohen J. , Armstrong B.K. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPatterns of dietary change have been assessed in 170 Italians and 170 Australians. 77 percent of Australians and 58 percent of Italians indicated that they had changed their diet at some time; the change being more recent among Australians. The direction of change in nine food groups was assessed. The most striking change was in meat consumption where 68 percent of Italians stated that they had increased while Australians tended to have slightly decreased consumption. Italians had also tended to increase their fat consumption and decrease their consumption of sugar and starch, vegetables, fruit, salt and dairy products. Fat consumption had apparently fallen amongst Australians with 58 percent stating that they had previously eaten more.Reasons for changing diet were categorized into 11 groups. For Italians the most frequently reported reason was migration (60 percent of females 64.3 percent males); whereas a change in household composition was most often mentioned by Australians (42 percent). Health was mentioned as a reason for changing diet by about 25 percent of respondents. Those Italians indicating migration as their major reason for change appeared to have increased their meat and fat intake more than other Italans.The study supports the view that Italian migrants are changing their food consumption patterns towards those of Australians in general. From current theories of the role of diet in chronic disease many of these changes would be considered undesirable.Studies comparing the health of migrants with that of the home and host population assume that migrants make lifestyle changes away from that of the home country toward that of the country of settlement. While this assumption has been tested in some populations (for example Japanese migrants in Hawaii)1 few data are available from migrants to Australia.Italians are the largest non‐British migrant group in Australia and come from a country in which they way of life is quite different from that of this country. With respect to one aspect of lifestyle, diet, apparent consumption of meat and sugar is reported to be appreciably lower in Italy than Australia and consumption of vegetables, fruit and pulses appreciably higher. Similar, but much smaller dietary differences exist between Italian migrants in Australia and the Australian born population. While this suggests that dietary acculturation has occurred following migration it is also possible that in dietary and other respects, migrants are non‐typical of their home population. It would be desirable therefore to produce more direct evidence of dietary change in the migrant population.In this report we examine retrospectively dietary changes apparently associated with migration and other phenomena in Italian migrants to Australia. These are compared with dietary changes reported by a matched sample of Australian‐born subjects thus permitting a more general analysis of dietary change and the factors influencing it in Australia.
THE HIGH PREVALENCE OF HYPERURICAEMIA IN A POLYNESIAN POPULATION
Authors: Jackson Livia , Taylor R. , Whitehouse Sunny , Zimmet P. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe overall prevalence of hyperuricaemia (raised serum uric acid) in the isolated Polynesian population of Funafuti, aged 20 years and over, was found to be 34.1 percent. The prevalence for males was 32.3 percent and for females 35.7 percent. Despite this high prevalence of hyperuricaemia, no cases of gout were identified.Although hyperuricaemia is not uncommon in Polynesian populations, and probably genetic in origin, the absence of gout is unusual and supports the theory that certain environmental influences in the “modern” way of life are necessary precipitating factors of arthritis in those with hyperuricaemia.
PATTERNS OF PRIVATE HOSPITAL OWNERSHIP IN VICTORIA
Authors: Morley J. B. , Taylor R. G. , Opit L. J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA study has been conducted into the pattern of ownership of “for‐profit” private hospitals in Victoria. Private companies were found to dominate the acute care private hospital business in Victoria; the company structures were sophisticated, involving numerous individuals and the business was rapidly expanding. Victorian Health Commission registration requirements were inadequate and, in particular, the definition of “Proprietor” in the Victorian Health Act was seen to be imprecise. It is proposed that all individuals holding a financial interest in private hospitals should be required to be registered publicly, together with their occupations. More than one‐third of the hospitals had doctors or their relatives as directors or shareholders, although bed utilization figures for these doctors in their hospitals were not obtainable. The conflict between commercial practice and professional practice of medicine is briefly discussed. The influence of business costs on profit‐motivated hospitals is briefly examined, leading to questions about the use of Commonwealth subsidies as “health‐investor subsidies” and “commercial subsidies”. These observations are presented with attention to the current encouragement of greater use of private enterprise in Australian hospital resources.
REPORTED HEALTH, LIFE‐STYLE AND OCCUPATIONAL STRESS IN PRISON OFFICERS
Authors: Webster Ian W. , Porritt Donald W. , Brennan Peter J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA voluntary health screening survey of 262 prison officers shows that they have high levels of psychological stress which correlate with job pressures, personality and, to a lesser extent, lack of job rewards. Reported symptoms and subjective health followed a similar pattern, suggesting that psychological factors may mediate these symptoms or lead to their recognition and reporting. Where prison officers' physical health deviates from a national sample of Australian males, and other studies, life‐style factors of overweight and smoking are important determinants.
CONVALESCENCE FOLLOWING PHYSICAL TRAUMA: SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF SUBJECTIVE RECOVERY
Authors: Somers Ronald L. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractFew of the many past studies of interpersonal differences in reaction to illness have investigated social determinants of convalescence, particularly with regard to convalescence from physical trauma. In this study a group of patients with uncomplicated nose fractures was followed closely from initial treatment at a large hospital in Denmark to self‐reported recovery. Rapid recovery among patients aged 15–26 was found to be associated with larger household size and higher socio‐economic status. Recovery time among patients aged 27–56 was not related to any of the social factors investigated in this study.
SETTING OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH STANDARDS IN AUSTRALIA: THE CASE OF SCREEN‐BASED EQUIPMENT OPERATORS' EYESIGHT TESTS*
Authors: Hocking Bruce 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe setting of an occupational health standard requires consideration of many issues. To illustrate this, the setting of the National Health and Medical Research Council occupational health standard on eyesight tests for screen‐based equipment operators is reviewed. Problems of a technical, professional, political and economic nature are identified. Two systems to help avoid these problems in the proposed National Occupational Health and Safety Commission are discussed; one involves setting standards by consensus, the other uses an adversary process.
ANTHROPOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS, BLOOD PRESSURE AND LIPOPROTEIN LIPIDS IN FIJI: COMPARISON OF AN URBAN AND RURAL POPULATION
Authors: Nye E. R. , Bakani I. R. , Coverdale H. A. , Sutherland W. H. F. , Spears G. F. S. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractMeasurement of height, weight, skinfold, blood pressure and lipoprotein lipids were carried out as a part of a cardiovascular risk factor survey in Fiji in 1983. Observations were limited to urban and island‐dwelling Melanesians and it was found that, while the urban population was fatter than the island dwellers, their systolic pressures were significantly lower in both men and women. Removal of subjects previously diagnosed as having hypertension in both populations left the island population with higher systolic pressures than the urban group but the difference was no longer significant at the 5 per cent level.Lipoprotein lipids were broadly similar in the two populations with values similar to New Zealand Caucasians. There were no differences in high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels between the two population groups, nor were there differences between men and women.A total of 24 men and women were known cases of coronary heart disease at the time of the survey, a further 47 had symptoms suggestive of the disorder.
AGE TRENDS IN PAP SMEAR USAGE, 1971–1986
Authors: Mitchell Heather , Medley Gabriele 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAge specific rates for Papanicolaou smears by the Victorian Cytology (Gynaecological) Service (VCGS) during 1971 to 1986 are presented. There was a dramatic increase in smear rates for women aged less than 35 years during the period studied.Conversely, for postmenopausal women maximum smear rates were achieved in 1971 with a steady decline thereafter. In women over the age of 55 years, the 1986 smear rates were approximately half the 1971 rates. The pronounced decline in smear rates in older women is particularly worrying as these women constitute the age group with the highest incidence rates for cervical cancer.The highest rate for any age group occurred in 1976 when 357 women per 1000 female residents in the age group 35–39 years were screened. Smears were received from an estimated 18.3 percent of the resident female population of Victoria during 1986. A longitudinal study of subsequent use of cervical cytology by women having negative smears in 1971 is in progress.
WORKSAFE AUSTRALIA: TO THE McKAY REPORT AND BEYOND
Authors: Gun R. T. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe health and safety of workers was not the only raison d'être for Worksafe Australia. To the Hawke Government, to the ACTU hierarchy and to the employers, a federal initiative in occupational health was a vital item in the ALP‐ACTU Accord which would lock the unions into wage restraint. To the already powerful Commonwealth Department of Employment and Industrial Relations the initiative was a golden opportunity to establish a new federal structure under its influence. Thus a bureaucracy, top‐heavy with administrators, came into being whilst established national occupational health activities ground to a halt. Plagued by dissent from within and criticism from without, the organisation was saved from extinction only by its importance to the Accord. In 1987 the Government appointed Mr. B. V. McKay to review Worksafe Australia, following which the activities of the organisation were streamlined, with due acknowledgement now given to the key role of the States in giving effect to nationally‐agreed policies and standards. However problems remain, and the future of Worksafe Australia is still uncertain.
COUNTING HEADS: ESTIMATING TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY IN NEW SOUTH WALES
Authors: Lyle David M. , Quine Susan , Bauman Adrian , Pierce John P. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe public health problem of head injuries contributes to considerable morbidity in the community and is the commonest cause of death in young adult Australians. However, estimating the incidence of head injury has been difficult, and has varied between countries and over time. This paper critically appraises the methodological issues contributing to head injury/brain injury incidence estimates, in particular case definition, differing data sources, and methods of case ascertainment. The most appropriate definition from a methodological service provider perspective is one which clearly distinguishes between potential and actual brain injury. The results from a study which used the most accurate methods have been extrapolated to NSW, and reduce the estimated brain injury incidence in NSW from a reported 392 to 180 per 100,000 incident cases per year. This revised estimate implies that in 1990 there will be about 10,500 new cases of traumatic brain injury, of which an estimated 400 will result in serious physical or mental disability. These estimates were originally calculated to enable the development of an appropriate level of health service provision for brain‐injured persons through the NSW Brain Injury Program.
A RANDOMISED TRIAL OF GENERAL PRACTITIONER‐WRITTEN INVITATIONS TO ENCOURAGE ATTENDANCE AT SCREENING MAMMOGRAPHY
Authors: Irwig Les , Turnbull Deborah , McMurchie Marilyn 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of general practitioner‐written invitations to the Breast X‐Ray Programme of the Central Sydney Area Health Service. Five out of six randomly selected general practices in Drummoyne participated. Within each practice, women aged 45 to 70 were individually randomised to receive or not receive a letter from their general practitioner (GP). Thirty‐two per cent of women attended if invited compared to 7 per cent if they were not sent an invitation. An attendance of 38 per cent was obtained for women whose GP chose to send a letter with an appointment compared to 24 per cent for women whose GP chose to send a general invitation without an appointment. Combining all practices, women who consulted their GP within the previous 6 months were more likely to attend in response to the invitation (38 per cent) than women whose last consultation was more remote, dropping to 15 per cent in those who last attended that GP over 2 years earlier. Women aged 65 to 70 years old were at least as likely to respond to the invitation as women aged 45 to 64. Reminder letters were subsequently sent to a random half of non‐respondents who had attended the practice in the previous 12 months. A further 18 per cent of women attended after the reminder letter was sent (8/45), compared with 2 per cent in the control group (1/48). Twenty‐seven per cent of women in Drummoyne had already attended for screening mammography before the trial. Two invitations with appointments from GPs had the potential to attract 49 per cent of the remaining women, resulting in 63 per cent attendance overall.
Les Volcans Quaternaires de Tatung, Shansi
Authors: Yin T. H. 
Published: August 2010

RéSUMéA la suite des visites successives il est maintenant connu qu'il existe, à 30 km. Est de Tatung et dans un espace de 60 km. carrés, un groupe d'une dizaine de volcans d'aspect varié: coniques, arrondis ou égueuiés. Les plus importants ont une hauteur relative d'environs 100 m. Tous sont plus ou moins recouverts de loess. Autour de chaque cône principal un système de drainage radial s'est établi; il en résulte à la longue une série de rigoles rayonnantes autour du sommet, ce sont les barrancos.L'activité strombolience s'est manifestée pour la première fois au Sanmenien (Heishan), accentuée au commencement de l'époque loessique pour se terminer au milieu de cette dernière époque (Haotienssu).
SU‐EE‐A3‐01: Quantifying Anatomical Variability in Regressing Tumors during Active Breath Hold Radiotherapy: A Modal Dominant Deformations Approach
Authors: Badawi A , Weiss E , Brown A , Orton M , Hugo G 
Published: August 2010

Purpose: To quantify and classify interfraction geometric variability of lung tumors for independent analysis. Method and Materials: 14 research subjects (15 tumors) underwent three weekly repeat breath hold (BH) scans at end of normal inspiration. Images were deformably registered to the planning scan, and the gross tumor volume (GTV), ipsilateral (IL), and contralateral (CL) lungs delineated on the planning scan were propagated to all images. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to generate two statistical shape models of the structures for each patient: a week to week (W2W) model using only one scan per week and an all scans model using all available images per patient. Principal dominant modes were classified by modal volume and position change and time trend into six discrete classes representing tumor regression (isotropic and anisotropic) or breath hold/lung volume variability. Three novel normalized modal variability indices (mean mode volume, total variances, total dominant variances, concordance variance, and concordance standard deviation) were developed to quantify the BH variability using the W2W and all scans models. Results: The mean BH variability indices were 1.03%, 13.57%, and 7.3%, representing the percentage of mean shape, total variance, and modes concordances respectively, due to BH reproducibility. 46 dominant modes were identified for all patients in total. 23, 8, 4, 4, 1, and 6 modes belonged to classes 1–6, respectively. Classes 1–2 are rigid shifts associated with BH or error, while classes 3–6 represented deformation due to tumor regression. Modal GTV positional shift was found to correlate with CL volume change in 10/15 subjects. Conclusion: BH variability indices were used to quantify BH. A novel modal classification system was developed to classify geometric variability by type. Modal GTV positional shift correlation with CL volume is likely due to altered lung function in the IL.Supported by NIH R01 CA116249.
MO‐A‐204C‐02: Breast MRI Quality Control
Authors: Reeve D 
Published: August 2010

Quality control of MRI systems used for diagnostic breast MR imaging and biopsy guidance is important to ensure the production of high quality images. Breast MR images may be acquired using dedicated breast MRI scanners, whole body MRI scanners with detachable tabletop breast coils or tables designed with integrated breast coils. 1.5T and 3T multi‐channel arrays are now available. Many of these coils are designed to enable MR‐guided breast biopsy.In May 2010 the ACR launched the ACR Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging Accreditation Program. The program requires that a medical physicist/MR scientist perform MRI system testing after installation, annually and following major upgrade or repair. Testing must include annual evaluation of all breast imaging and biopsy coils used clinically.Learning Objectives:1. Describe different breast coil designs2. Discuss breast coil quality control procedures3. Provide an overview of the ACR Breast MRI Accreditation Program including quality control requirements
MO‐D‐204C‐01: Imaging Tumor Vasculature and Angiogenesis: Biology, MR Imaging, and Anti‐Angiogenic Therapies
Authors: Metheny‐Barlow L , Brown S , Maity A 
Published: August 2010

Tumor angiogenesis is the important biological process whereby new blood vessels are formed to supply nutrients and oxygen and to remove waste products for growing tumors. Angiogenesis plays key roles in forming and regulating the tumor micro‐environment, enabling metastatic disease, and greatly affects the delivery and response of targeted therapeutic agents. Targeting the tumor vasculature may represent a promising strategy to inhibit tumor growth and progression. Thus, this key biological process is being vigorously studied with the goal of impacting human clinical care. Physical approaches to understanding tumor angiogenesis include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which through various dynamic techniques can assess blood flow and other bioanatomic parameters relevant to angiogenesis. These advanced imaging techniques can be used in both pre‐clinical animal models as well as humans. Importantly, anti‐angiogenic therapies include pharmacologic and biologic agents that target tumor vascular through various biomolecular mechanisms, and tumor response can be monitored using advanced MR imaging.For the benefit of the medical physicist who may be involved with angiogenesis research using MRI, targeted biochemical agents, and/or ionizing radiation, this symposium will review the biology of tumor angiogenesis, advanced MR imaging techniques, and translational efforts, including clinical trials and angiogenesis research challenges.Specific objectives of the symposium are to:1. Provide a primer on the biology of tumor angiogenesis and the tumor microenvironment2. Review the important role of angiogenesis for the formation of metastases3. Discuss biological mechanisms for the interruption of angiogenesis that would lead to a therapeutic result4. Describe pre‐clinical and clinical magnetic resonance imaging techniques and applications for tumor vascular imaging5. Review techniques and research challenges for quantitative MR imaging of angiogenesis, including national initiatives6. Describe promising anti‐angiogenic therapies with targeted biochemical agents and ionizing radiation7. Describe angiogenesis clinical trials, challenges in translating angiogenesis research to the clinic, and roles for medical physicists in angiogenesis imaging and therapeutics.