bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IMPLEMENTASI PENDEKATAN BEHAVIOR UNTUK MEMBANTU MENGATASI PENYALAHGUNAAN NAPZA DI SMA NEGERI 5 KOTA LUBUKLINGGAU
Authors: Fitriyani Fitriyani , Seplyana Desy 
Published: June 2024

Bagaimana implementasi dengan pendekatan behavior untuk membantu mengatasi penyalahgunaan NAPZA di SMA Negeri 5 Lubuklinggau. Penelitian ini menggunakan Metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah kepala sekolah, guru BK, Anggota BNN (Badan Narkotika Nasional) Lubuklinggau dan beberapa Peserta didik. Data dikumpulkan melalui metode observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis menggunakan model analisis interaktif (penarik kesimpulan). Data-data hasil penelitian diuji kembali keabsahannya dengan menggunakan membandingkan data hasil pengamatan dengan hasil wawancara, membandingkan apa yang dikatakan orang didepan umum dengan apa yang dikatakan secara pribadi, membandingkan hasil wawancara dengan isi dokumen. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan: 1) Implementasi pendekatan Behavior untuk membantu mengatasi penyalahgunaan NAPZA di SMA Negeri 5 Lubuklinggau dilakukan melalui proses: a) Pengimplementasian program sekolah dengan menggunakan pendekatan behavior yang bertujuan untuk mengantisipasi para siswa SMA Negeri 5 Lubuklinggau agar terhindar dari bahaya penyalahgunaan NAPZA b) Dengan menggunakan teknik konseling ekologi yang dimana konseling ekologi merupakan konseling yang melibatkan pihak internal dengan lingkungan, yang dimana yang merupakan pihak internal adalah SMA Negeri 5 Lubuklinggau dan lingkungannya adalah pemerintah setempat dan BNN (Badan Narkotika Nasional) Lubuklinggau c) Dalam pelaksanaan nya SMA Negeri 5 bekerja sama dengan lingkungan setempat dan BNN (Badan Narkotika Nasional) Lubuklinggau. 2) Faktor pendukung dalam pelaksanaan implementasi pendekatan behavior ini mendapat dukungan dari pemerintah lingkungan setempat dan BNN (Badan Narkotika Nasional) Lubuklinggau, adanya semangat siswa untuk menambah wawasan dengan bimbingan yang di berikan guru bk dan penyuluhan yang dilakukan BNN. Faktor penghambat nya yaitu ada siswa yang tidak mau mengikuti kebijakan dari sekolah, minimnya biaya dalam pelaksanaannya, adanya gangguan sinyal untuk melakukan bimbingan oleh guru bk.
EU and Recycling of Critical Raw Materials: Stuck in Legal Limbo?
Authors: Turunen Topi , Suikkanen Johanna 
Published: June 2024

Many policy documents have called for a higher degree of circularity in the use of critical raw materials (CRMs). This paper examines how this objective has been translated from EU policy to legislation. The analysis presents three regulatory strategies used in the current framework to promote the recovery of CRMs: indirect methods, direct regulation of single CRMs, and collective regulation of all CRMs. The indirect approach has struggled to effectively target CRMs. Direct regulation of single CRMs provides an alternative, but other than the new Batteries Regulation no legislation has introduced strong obligations requiring recovery of single CRMs. The proposed CRM Regulation would codify the main concepts relevant for governing and regulating CRMs collectively. While the legislation would create a solid foundation for these processes, its failure to put forward immediate or long-term solutions to CRM recovery remains a serious shortcoming. The present research indicates that the current legal obligations lack a focus on the recovery of CRMs, with concrete obligations to this end limited.
The Application of Private Law in the Public Sector: A Key Issue in the Legal Theory of EU Member States
Authors: Szczepaniak Rafał 
Published: June 2024

This text presents a brief synthesis of the most important problems associated with the application of private law in the public sector which have arisen in the last 200 years in the States of Continental Europe. In the author’s view, the application of private law in the public sector is one of the key issues tackled by legal theorists in the EU Member States. At the same time, this issue is not limited to private-law relations involving public entities. In the last 200 years, the institutions and principles of civil law have also served as the building blocks for the development of public (administrative) law. The analysis of the application of private law in the public sector can be very inspiring and fruitful. Such investigations help in unravelling the issues indicated in the subheadings of this text. Among other things, they brings us closer to grasping the essence of the public-private law division. The place of private law in the whole legal system can thus be defined more precisely. This analysis also provides methodological grounds for developing the concept of the constitutionalization of private law, including its most spectacular manifestation, namely the horizontal application of the constitution. In the author’s opinion, the analysis of the application of private law in the public sector also confirms the efficacy of the functional method, which, while being one of the oldest methods employed in comparative law, still prevails in this field. This method is grounded in the conviction that similar or even identical problems occur in different countries. This is especially true of countries which are closely related in terms of their legal systems – such as the EU Member States. Consequently, the measures applied in one legal system to address certain problems are the functional equivalent of the solutions applied in other legal systems. Of course, these equivalents or counterparts may have varying degrees of effectiveness.
The Duty of Due Diligence: A European Race to Corporate Responsibility and Sustainability?
Authors: Adams Anaïs , Škvařilová-Pelzl Petra 
Published: June 2024

In the recent years, Member States alongside the European Union have adopted a variety of standards and legislation promoting a responsible business conduct through the respect of due diligence obligations. Yet, this patchwork of legislation has inevitably led to an uneven level playing field for undertakings and failed to provide effective access to justice for victims of corporate human rights and environmental violations. With the publication of a proposal for a Directive on Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence, the European Union now aims to shape a more coherent and general due diligence framework, pressing Member States to rethink their legislation. Nonetheless, it still remains unclear how this general framework will be enforced by Member States and undertakings in practice. In the wake of the European negotiations, it is crucial to unravel the main stumbling blocks the European Union and Member States may face when adopting and enforcing a comprehensive due diligence legislation. **Drawing on a comparative analysis of national and European legislation and caselaw, this article provides an oversight of the key issues encountered by Member States and the European Union in practice, in order to enhance the legal discussion and support effective legal developments at the European and national level.
Collective and Collaborative Worker-driven Mechanisms? A Mission (im)possible to Enhance Access Remedy in Relation to Human Rights Due Diligence?
Authors: Saloranta Juho 
Published: June 2024

This article analyses multistakeholder initiatives from a business and human rights perspective. Specifically, it examines the relationship between multi-stakeholders’ grievance mechanisms and human rights due diligence. Besides preventive due diligence measures, legislation should include corrective measures and access to remedy as stipulated by the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights. To help solve social challenges in value chains, the article identifies how these collaborative arrangements could contribute to legislative approaches to make multistakeholder initiatives effective from the human-rights based point of view. The article highlights rights-holders’ role as a source of governance, consultation, and engagement regarding improving multistakeholder initiatives’ remediation practices. The article identifies, with reference to the EU’s sustainability due diligence legislation, how national regulators can leverage multistakeholder initiatives in regulation efforts. The state must resource institutional co-governance structures so that companies may carry out remedial functions to facilitate remediation in human rights due diligence processes.
Liability of Financial Supervisors and Resolution Authorities: Perspectives from Comparative and European Union Law
Authors: Busch Danny , Mcmeel Gerard 
Published: June 2024

This article offers a thorough comparative law overview, analysis and discussion of the liability regimes which apply to financial supervisors and resolution authorities at the level of selected individual EU Member States and in major jurisdictions worldwide. There is a growing tendency to limit their liability in one way or another. The extent to which they are protected against liability claims, and the exact shape that this takes, is, however, not uniform across the jurisdictions studied. At the same time, a counter-movement is emerging, as limitations of liability are by no means undisputed and are under attack on various grounds. The large variety of approaches to liability of financial supervisors and resolution authorities is especially a concern within the European Banking Union (EBU). The European Central Bank (ECB) and the Single Resolution Board (SRB) collaborate closely with the National Competent Authorities (NCAs) and the National Resolution Authorities (NRAs) within the framework of the Single Supervisory Mechanism (SSM) and the Single Resolution Mechanism (SRM), respectively, so liability questions will often be intertwined. Yet, the applicable liability standards often differ, and different courts will have jurisdiction. In the view of the authors it would be preferable to adopt a uniform liability standard for the ECB/SRB and the NCAs/ NRAs. In line with this, the authors would be in favour of including a provision in the SSM Regulation/SRM Regulation to the effect that the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) has exclusive jurisdiction in relation to the liability of both the ECB/SRB and the NCAs/NRAs.
Abuse of EU Law Revisited: An Analytical Perspective
Authors: Markus Jaakko 
Published: June 2024

The article explores the prohibition of abuse of EU law, a specific doctrine developed by the Court of Justice of the European Union (ECJ). As an exceptional tool, it empowers authorities to deny benefits formally gained by private parties. The doctrine has grown increasingly wide and potent, as illustrated by the recent preliminary rulings in Cussens, Altun and Danish beneficial ownership cases. Simultaneously, it has become more difficult to comprehend. The article tries to explain and systematize the current state of the doctrine, employing analytical legal positivism as a theoretical bedrock. A framework based on various rules and Hohfeldian elements is developed to analyse essential cases, such as Emsland, Cadbury and Cussens. The analysis clarifies doctrinal questions regarding the two-part abuse test and the concept of redefinition.
Status and Criminal Liability of Civil Servants in Modern Public Administration: A Comparative Study of Denmark, Finland, and Sweden
Authors: Wenander Henrik , Mäntylä Niina , Bønsing Sten 
Published: June 2024

Accountability is a central topic in administrative law. To hold persons and institutions executing public power legally accountable in various ways is linked to ideas of good governance, democracy, legitimacy, and the rule of law. In the last decades, established structures for accountability in the public sector have been challenged through processes of privatization of public services, digitalization and a trend of flexibilization of the employment status of civil servants. All these developments are closely related to the impact of Europeanization. Among the various tools for accountability, criminal liability for public officials constitutes the most far-reaching form of measures from the perspective of the individual. The aim of this comparative study is to draw conclusions on the challenges in defining the legal status and the scope for the criminal liability of civil servants against the background of the developments just mentioned. The choice to study three Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland and Sweden) is made against the background of the Nordic countries all being highly ranked in international surveys of democracy and the rule of law. Alongside introducing Nordic solutions for the modern liability challenges, the study points out development trends driven by europeanization, which bring new elements into Nordic thinking.
Article: The Revolutionary Constitutions of the first Hellenic Republic: The Struggle between Tradition and Modernity
Authors: Kouroutakis Antonios 
Published: June 2024

p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"AdvOTecfccdcf_I",sans-serif;
mso-bidi-font-family:AdvOTecfccdcf_I"In 2022, Greece celebrated the
bicentennial of the first revolutionary Constitution. Throughout the Greek
revolution, three constitutional texts were put into effect, culminating in the
establishment of the First Hellenic Republic. This article delves into the
legal aspects of revolutionary constitutions, examining the ongoing struggle
between tradition and modernity. The central argument posits that the
revolutionary constitutions found themselves entangled in a tug-of-war between
the traditional and modern conceptions of early constitutionalism, between
Monarchies and Republics.o:p/o:p/spanp class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"AdvOTecfccdcf_I",sans-serif;
mso-bidi-font-family:AdvOTecfccdcf_I" /spanp class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"AdvOTecfccdcf_I",sans-serif;
mso-bidi-font-family:AdvOTecfccdcf_I"An
intriguing insight emerges when we investigate primary sources. The position of
the Great Powers is conspicuously reflected in Annex F of the Protocol of the
Conference held on the island of Poros in September 1828. The minutes of the
discussions among the representatives of the Great Powers explicitly reveal a
skepticism towards the modern model of Republics. Simultaneously, there/spanspan style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
"AdvOTecfccdcf.I+20",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"AdvOTecfccdcf\.I+20""’/spanspan style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
"AdvOTecfccdcf_I",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:AdvOTecfccdcf_I"s an
expressed belief that only the traditional model of government, rooted in
monarchy, could thrive, given the Greeks/spanspan style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"AdvOTecfccdcf.I+20",sans-serif;
mso-bidi-font-family:"AdvOTecfccdcf\.I+20""’ /spanspan style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"AdvOTecfccdcf_I",sans-serif;
mso-bidi-font-family:AdvOTecfccdcf_I"demonstrated weakness in managing
political conflicts during the First Greek Republic./span
Regulation 1/2003: An Assessment After Twenty Years
Authors: Wils Wouter P. J. 
Published: June 2024

Regulation 1/2003 brought about a radical change in the way in which the EU antitrust prohibitions contained in Articles 101 and 102 TFEU are enforced. The previous enforcement regime, under Regulation 17, which dated from 1962, was characterized by a centralized notification and authorization system for Article 101(3) TFEU. Regulation 1/2003 abolished this system and replaced it by a system of ex post enforcement. The objectives of this reform were to allow the European Commission to become more active in the pursuit of serious infringements of Articles 101 and 102 TFEU, as well as to decentralize enforcement to the Member States’ competition authorities and to the national courts, while maintaining EU-wide consistency. This article provides an overview of the genesis of Regulation 1/2003, its objectives, and its main results, as apparent twenty years later. It finds that the decentralization to the national competition authorities, cooperating with the European Commission and each other in the European Competition Network, has been a major success, beyond expectations. On the other hand, the prediction that the reform would lead to a significant increase in the number of prohibition decisions adopted by the European Commission has turned out to be too optimistic. Ten possible explanations for this lack of increase in the number of prohibition decisions are tentatively examined. Taking together the figures for the European Commission and the national competition authorities, however, there can be no doubt that Regulation 1/2003 has led to a spectacular increase in the enforcement of Articles 101 and 102 TFEU, and that Regulation 1/2003 has thus been a great success.
Role of Appellate Forums in Competition Cases of Pakistan: Challenges and Way Forward
Authors: Fatima Sayyeda 
Published: June 2024

Judicial forums are the means to achieve the most pivotal goal of maintaining check and balance according to the theory of separation of powers. The judiciary has the power to supervise the legislative and executive branches of the government. The judgments by the courts/appellate forums are vital as they prevent attempts by the competition authorities to abuse their powers when prosecuting wrongdoers and force the competition authorities to conduct more rigorous investigations to prevent legal challenges. In Pakistan certain challenges need to be addressed in order to strengthen the implementation of competition law. There is a need to establish a jurisprudence of competition law. The judgments of courts/appellate forums can set useful precedents. However, the dysfunctional status of the appeal court since the establishment of the Competition Commission of Pakistan (CCP), judges’ lack of experience in the area of competition law and certain other aspects need to be focused on in order to firm up competition law in Pakistan. This article intends to review the different forums of appeal available in Pakistan competition regime, eligibility criteria for filing an appeal, procedures of appellate forums, rules governing the procedure and powers of appellate forums. It aims to discuss the importance of judicial protection, the enforcement challenges of Pakistan competition jurisdiction and the suggestions for improvement.
LEGAL PROTECTION IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF FRANCHISE AGREEMENTS IN INDONESIA
Authors: Sudarmano Bernad Adjie 
Published: June 2024

The development of the franchise business has grown rapidly and become a new force for the domestic economic sector in Indonesia. This business also requires legal protection. Legal protection is very important to know and provide certainty that someone will get what is his rights and obligations. In the application of a franchise or franchising agreement, there is a probability of default. This default occurs if one party does not carry out its obligations as stated in the franchise agreement. This study aims to determine the implementation of legal protection for franchise agreements in Indonesia and to find out the obstacles to implementing franchise agreements in Indonesia. This research uses a type of normative research method, which uses a literature study by reviewing some literature such as legal journals, legal principles, and laws and regulations that are relevant to the discussion. The results of this study indicate that legal protection in the implementation of franchise agreements in Indonesia has not been able to provide legal protection for franchisees because the agreement is in the form of a standard agreement made unilaterally by the franchisor. Then the obstacles in implementing franchise agreements in Indonesia, among others, can be seen from this franchise agreement that there is often no agreement between employees and the franchisee company which is very important in protecting trade secrets.

Perkembangan bisnis waralaba/franchise telah berkembang dengan pesat dan menjadi kekuatan baru bagi sektor ekonomi domestik di Indonesia. Pada bisnis ini juga diperlukan adanya sebuah perlindungan hukum. Perlindungan hukum sangat penting untuk mengetahui dan memberikan kepastian bahwa seseorang akan mendapatkan apa yang menjadi hak dan kewajibannya. Pada penerapan perjanjian franchise atau waralaba terdapat probabilitas terjadinya wanprestasi. Wanprestasi ini terjadi jika salah satu pihak tidak melaksanakan kewajibannya sebagaimana yang tercantum dalam perjanjian waralaba. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan perlindungan hukum terhadap perjanjian franchise yang di Indonesia serta untuk mengetahui kendala dalam pelaksanaan perjanjian franchise di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis metode penelitian normatif, yang menggunakan studi kepustakaan dengan mengkaji beberapa literatur seperti jurnal hukum, asas-asas hukum, serta peraturan perundang-undangan yang relevan dengan pembahasan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Perlindungan hukum dalam pelaksanaan perjanjian franchise di Indonesia belum dapat memberikan perlindungan hukum bagi franchisee dikarenakan perjanjian tersebut berbentuk perjanjian baku yang dibuat sepihak oleh franchisor. Kemudian kendala dalam pelaksanaan perjanjian franchise di Indonesia antara lain dapat dilihat dari perjanjian waralaba ini sering dijumpai tidak adanya perjanjian antara karyawan dengan perusahaan penerima waralaba yang mana hal tersebut sangat penting dalam melindungi rahasia dagang.
PERANCANGAN DIGITAL SIGNAGE SEBAGAI MEDIA INFORMASI MENGGUNAKAN RASPBERRY PI PADA RUMAH SAKIT STELLA MARIS MAKASSAR
Authors: Anugraha Nurhajar 
Published: June 2024

Era perkembangan teknologi saat ini yang begitu cepat mempengaruhi segala aspek kehidupan manusia dalam mendapatkan informasi. Proses dan penyampaian Informasi di rumah sakit Stella Maris Makassar masih menggunakan dengan media yang berbeda sehingga menyebabkan pengujung harus mengunjungi beberapa bagian untuk mendapatkan informasi secara menyeluruh. Hal inilah yang mengakibatkan informasi kurang dijangkau oleh pengunjung atau pasien.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk merancang dan mengimpelentasikan digital signage sebagai media informasi menggunakan Raspberry pi, mengolah dan mengontrol konten dari jarak jauh dengan akses internet pada Rumah Sakit Stella Maris Makassar. Data ini diperoleh melalui Penelitian Lapangan dan Penelitian Pustaka. Perancangan sistem ini menggunakan bahasa pemrograman Python, Framework Laravel, dan MySQL untuk basis datanya serta untuk pengujian sistem ini menggunakan metode Black Box.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa penerapan digital signage sebagai media informasi dengan menggunakan raspberry pi pada rumah sakit Stella Maris, dapat memberikan kemudahan bagi pengunjung atau pasien untuk mendapatkan informasi dan memudahkan staff rumah sakit untuk mengelolah informasi dari jarak jauh dengan akses internet.