bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Everyone Can Sing”
Authors: Bonde Lars Ole , Ingerslev Stefan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Regular community singing in Danish primary schools has become quite rare, while children’s choirs have become increasingly successful in the context of the Evangelical Lutheran Church. Widening disparities in the population’s cultural and social needs make the creation of socially inclusive communities a challenge for Danish public schools. The Danish school choir project Everyone Can Sing, underway since 2018 in a primary school in Albertslund (Copenhagen suburb), is based on the hypothesis that grade 0–3 class choirs have a significant impact on pupils’ ability to bond socially and better integrate as a community. In a co-teaching collaboration between teachers in the primary school and professionally trained children’s choir leaders, children learn how to sing an age-appropriate repertoire, move naturally, and perform in the community. Two weekly lessons take place in the class, and regular performances in and outside the school also contribute to children’s learning. The study follows a mixed methods convergent design, integrating quantitative data from sociometric analyses, selected national tests, and annual Pupil’s Wellbeing surveys. The chapter presents only preliminary qualitative results, especially a detailed description of the intervention prototype that has been developed over four years. Choir leaders’ understanding of ways the choir model might improve children’s social well-being and inclusion is highlighted. Preliminary positive gains include joy of social and academic learning, inclusion, and an estimated reduction in social segregation.
Community Choirs
Authors: Drudge Kayla , Nekola Anna E. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Among its many benefits, community singing provides opportunities to be with people of like minds and heritages. We sing in groups, partly to announce or affirm our places in the world, to resist societal pressure, or to remember and transmit our cultural heritages. Each chapter in this section focuses on demonstration of identity, but in addition, each shows how ideals are announced, upheld, and acted out in singing groups. Community singing therefore can reinforce our desire to be our best selves as individuals and in our relationships with others. This cultural work is crucial as societies strive to combat divisiveness.
Selling with Singalongs
Authors: Cook Malcolm 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the use of community singing as advertising in cinema, radio, and television, especially the tradition of singalongs characterized by the use of on-screen lyrics and the “bouncing ball” animated indicator. While some traditions of community singing examined in this handbook were motivated by musical or civic betterment, here it was in the service of consumption and profit. Illustrated song slides and early singalong films at the start of the 20th century commonly served to promote sales of sheet music or recordings. Cinema clubs and sponsored radio shows in the intra-war period used community singing to build brand identities and bind consumers to them. Television commercials have utilized singalongs to bridge temporal and spatial distance between viewers. While all examples aim to induct audiences into a community of mass consumption, several changing vectors and historical variations are characterized: the balance between direct selling and brand formation; the changes from in-person communal singing to mediated imagined communities; a development from local or regional brands to a global marketplace, as well as subsequent nostalgic resistance or reversion. This chapter investigates English-language examples of the use of singalongs as advertising from the early 20th century up to the present to understand the ways in which they aimed to sell products, direct audiences to adopt specific viewpoints and behaviors, and form brand identities and customer loyalty.
Women Singing in a Rural North Indian Community
Authors: Singh Kamlesh , Sigroha Suman , Shokeen Bharti 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The current study explores the important role of community singing in the lives of rural women residing in the North Indian state of Haryana. Women sing a variety of folk songs, such as spiritual and religious songs, songs for special occasions, and songs that reflect contemporary concerns like health, gender, politics, or even COVID-19. In this chapter, the authors categorize a selection of songs under broad headings: gender discrimination, anecdotes, spiritual/religious messages, and contemporary health concerns. Translation from the local dialect is followed by a brief textual and musical analysis in order to clarify the function of community singing and to document the ways that social, spiritual, political, educational, economic, and cultural themes are reflected through these folk songs.
Community Singing in Flint and Baltimore, 1917–1920
Authors: Morgan-Ellis Esther M. , Spurgeon Alan L. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter presents two case studies of community singing activity during the Great War, during which community singing was promoted as a wholesome pastime and patriotic activity not only in US Army and Navy training camps but in civilian communities large and small. By the end of the war, community singing had become a mainstream activity. In Flint, Michigan, George Oscar Bowen (1872–1957) was hired by the Community Music Association (CMA) to develop programming in support of its aims. Flint was a prosperous automobile manufacturing city of around 110,000 inhabitants, and many of the plant workers, most of whom came from Eastern Europe, were new immigrants to the United States. The CMA was founded, in part, to help instill patriotism among these new Americans. As director, Bowen led large group sings in the high school stadium as well as smaller noontime sing-alongs in the factories during the workers’ lunch hour. In Baltimore, community singing activities were spearheaded by May Garrettson Evans (1866–1947), founder and superintendent of the Peabody Preparatory Division, and music educator Henrietta Baker Low (1869–1960). During the Great War, Evans and Low left public singing activities to the men of the city but maintained an active singing program within the walls of the Prep. By considering the activities of these organizers in parallel, we gain insight into the gendered spheres of wartime community singing.
The Voices of Hope
Authors: Bishop Susan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
These chapters consider community singing as a transgressive practice that transports singers beyond societal and cultural limitations. Authors shed light on the cultural work of community singing among incarcerated people, where some find healing and others receive help in restoring the self and resisting injustice. Group singers in other environments find homes away from home and new families, or reinforce identity in the face of death. Community singing can both educate the naïve to unimagined social complexities and form a bridge of understanding in community. These outcomes exemplify the power of community singing to negotiate and transcend.
From “Preguntitas sobre Dios” to “Solo le pido a Dios”
Authors: Silva Steuernagel Marcell 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the intersection of Latin American Protest Music and Christian music from the perspective of community singing. Based on a broad definition of community singing that encompasses networks of people gathered through experience and intention, the chapter traces the development of Latin American Protest Music, the rise of liberation theology in the wake of the Second Vatican Council, and the development of Catholic folk masses and socially engaged Protestant repertoires throughout the region in that context. By examining repertoire at the intersection of these interrelated phenomena, this chapter provides insight into how community singing can coalesce into protest and piety both locally and transnationally.
Music and Human Flourishing in Christian Communities
Authors: Myrick Nathan , Gessner Benjamin , Alvarado Johnathan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Authors of these chapters prioritize the feelings of community singers and the establishment and maintenance of “healthy” group singing experiences that contribute to flourishing or well-being. They query how virtual congregational singing makes people feel, how best to bridge a rift between two sets of leaders in a diasporic singing community, how the understanding of history can underpin the search for spirituality and eudaimonia, how entrainment is implicated in leaderless group singing, and how musical composition might be reconstructed further democratize community singing. These questions promise to help propel community singing and our writings about it into the future.
Gendering the Inter-American Human Rights System
Authors: Céspedes-Báez Lina Maria , Jaramillo Ruiz Felipe 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The insertion of feminist ideals in mainstream institutional power has sparked debates within feminist literature. This chapter builds on this debate and explores the insertion of gender in the Inter-American Human Rights System. It describes the complex and gradual process through which feminist ideals find space in institutional organs, discourses, and procedures, discussing the main lessons from the shift toward a more gender-sensitive approach in international human rights governance. By applying a gender perspective, five crucial periods in the history of the Inter-American System have been identified, tracing the key milestones and processes in the insertion of feminist insights. This analysis contributes to the debate about the extent of feminist power in mainstream international institutions and knowledge.
Diaries, Notebooks, and Marginalia
Authors: Mahoney Charles W. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines three closely related modes of Romantic writing—diaries, notebooks, and marginalia—which until recently have typically been studied for their circumstantial insights into the larger lives and nominally more important writings of their authors, rather than for their own sake. All three modes of writing represent what Samuel Richardson termed ‘writing to the moment’, an attempt to capture the now of the writer’s life, whether in relation to him/herself, others, or other forms of writing. The boundaries between these modes of writing are porous, but nevertheless demarcate discrete forms of production. While the diary nominally attends to the matters of a given day (the term ‘diary’ being derived from the Latin dies), and the comparatively informal classification of the notebook designates a more haphazard, asystematic, and potentially capacious form of writing, marginalia represent the private annotations of a public text, with varying degrees of personal reflection.
Food and Drink
Authors: Taylor Anya 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the multivalent realities and representations of food and drink in the Romantic period. As much as possible it uses the vibrant language of Romantic writers to express dismay at hunger or at extravagance, delight in tastes and appetites, and enthusiasm for or dread of inebriation. The chapter begins with real scarcity of wheat in the 1790s, recording the outrage of Coleridge, William and Dorothy Wordsworth, Clare, and Cobbett at the hunger of the rural and urban poor. It moves to the lavish gluttony of the upper classes often served by chefs escaping the French Revolution, and to the many dishes in novels by Austen that reveal character in the hosts or guests. Abstemiousness and vegetarianism have proponents and mockers in this period. Drink becomes dangerous with the perfection of distilling practices, and many writers fear for the health of the country. Others exult in the creativity unleashed by alcohol. Both food and drink reveal the Romantic avidity for intense experience.
Landscape
Authors: Stewart David 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Landscape is central to Romantic literature. This chapter explores how Romantic prose does more than provide a commentary on the more famous accounts of landscape provided by dramatists, novelists, and poets. Romantic prose forms such as travel writing, personal essays, and aesthetic treatises gave readers and writers new modes of landscape appreciation. Rather than seeing prose as a factual backdrop to the creative transformations of place that characterize Romanticism, it considers a series of innovations in prose forms that think through the complex ways in which land is shaped in a period deeply concerned with that very process due to significant changes in agriculture, aesthetics, science, and colonialism. Considering writers including Ann Radcliffe, John Clare, Dorothy Wordsworth, James Hogg, and Mary Wollstonecraft, the chapter suggests the vitality and the complexity of the relationship between Romantic prose and landscape.
Latin America
Authors: Fermanis Porscha 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores three key ideas about Latin America in nineteenth-century British prose writing: first, the medievalization and orientalization of Spain, Portugal, and their colonies; second, the region’s role in Britain’s movement towards free-trade liberalism and informal or economic empire; and third, the relevance of new world republicanism for British conceptions of nation-state formation. In each case, it situates British interests and perspectives on Latin America within a transimperial and global framework that recognizes the overlapping legacies of competing empires and the importance of Euro-Afro-Indo-American interrelations, as well as incorporating wider Atlantic histories of slavery, revolution, and resistance. More generally, the chapter argues for the importance of Latin American revolutionary, republican, and subaltern experiences in the emerging paradigm of political modernity, rather than simply understanding the region as part of Britain’s informal empire.
Literary Criticism
Authors: Keanie Andrew 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter begins by examining William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s Lyrical Ballads, a collection which, though radical, could hardly have been classed as a full-frontal attack on the Establishment, but one which still looked a bit too interested in undermining convention. Hence, Francis Jeffrey’s reaction to Wordsworth is considered here as the absorbingly articulated anxiety of a high-end conspiracy theorist. This chapter also revisits some of the critical hostility to John Keats, Lord Byron, and Percy Bysshe Shelley. Thomas De Quincey’s seminal insights into Macbeth, too, are revisited, as is an example of De Quincey’s contemporary book reviewing at its most meltingly Machiavellian. Finally, this chapter shows that Coleridge’s evaluation of Wordsworth in the Biographia Literaria marked the arrival of a new kind of criticism that could include consideration of the weaknesses of a work of literature as part of a more helpful appraisal of its life-changing strengths.
Literary Parody and Satire
Authors: Mason Nicholas 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
While it may no longer be controversial to claim that satire and parody not only survived the rise of Romantic sincerity but remained central to British poetry, drama, and prints well into the nineteenth century, the achievements of Romantic-era prose satirists are still broadly underappreciated. As a corrective to this tendency, this chapter emphasizes how literary fads and follies were especially apt to inspire innovative experiments in parodic and satiric prose. After briefly contrasting the respective lineages and functions of parody and satire, it highlights three exemplary instances of the tradition of Jonathan Swift, Henry Fielding, and Laurence Sterne being kept alive: the wave of novelistic parodies of the 1790s (most famously, Jane Austen’s Northanger Abbey) lampooning Gothic excess, Thomas Love Peacock’s deployment of Menippean satire to bring Romantic poets back to earth, and Blackwood’s transformation of the monthly magazine into the principal medium for literary parody and satire of the late Romantic age.
Nature Writing
Authors: Higgins David 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter emphasizes the complexity, diversity, and rhetorical self-consciousness of Romantic prose nature writing. It begins with two foundational figures: Gilbert White and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. White’s influential book, The Natural History of Selborne (1789), focuses on the dynamic processes of nonhuman nature. Rousseau’s botanical writings are confessional and therapeutic, but also formally self-conscious. Dorothy Wordsworth’s journals occupy a middle ground between White and Rousseau, bringing together details of domestic life and an interest in the agency of nonhuman forces. The chapter then examines how Charlotte Smith engages with the legacy of White and Rousseau in a series of rich generic experiments that move between prose and poetry. Part three addresses ecomimesis and its limitations in the prose of John Clare and the art of Thomas Bewick. It ends with James Hogg’s ‘Storms’, a short story about the entanglement of nonhuman and human forces and the power of nature writing itself.
North America
Authors: Perkins Pam 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter considers the range of approaches taken by British writers in describing both Indigenous and settler cultures in North America. Beginning with some of the idealized accounts of emigration during the later eighteenth century—including pamphlets and fiction by Gilbert Imlay and Robert Bage—the chapter then turns, first, to less optimistic versions of North American settlement, such as the shattered pastorals created by Hector St John de Crèvecoeur and Anne Grant, and next, to more straightforwardly hostile accounts of the emigrant experience. The rest of the chapter then considers some of the reasons for anxieties about North American settlement, looking at both biogeographical issues—in particular, at fears of the debilitating impacts of climate—and at concerns about transculturation. In approaching this final topic, the chapter moves from narratives of emigration and settlement to accounts by explorers and fur traders including Samuel Hearne, George Cartwright, and Peter Fidler.
Polar Prose
Authors: Carroll Siobhan Maria 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines Romantic nonfiction’s construction of polar space, arguing that the poles’ challenge to European claims to planetary knowledge made them an important site for the formation of British imperial ideology. Whereas in the eighteenth century, writers of colour such as Olaudah Equiano could insert their perspective into accounts of controversial polar expeditions, by the early nineteenth century, John Barrow’s drive toward a unified polar narrative had eliminated such possibilities. By analysing the prose of polar articles and voyage narratives, we can better understand not only Romantic-era politics surrounding polar expeditions, but also the influence of polar writing on British attitudes toward empire, Indigenous knowledges, and the ecology of the Arctic.
Political Controversy I
Authors: Lee Yoon Sun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The revolution controversy in Britain had as much to do with prose style as with politics. The political impact of Edmund Burke’s Reflections on the Revolution in France appeared to lie in its form and style even more than in its arguments. Instead of using prose to extract and convey stable abstractions and principles from something called experience, Burke drew attention to the complex, entangled historical and political conditions of any prose utterance, and to the risky play of blindness, insight, analogy, individual experience, and collective knowledge that prose enabled, regardless of its author’s intent. The ensuing debate was about the representation of voice, as well as the ownership and communication of feeling at the level of the sentence, paragraph, printed text, or even unwritten constitution. In its concerns, it anticipated much later explorations of the literary mode called free indirect discourse.
Political Controversy III
Authors: Chittick Kathryn 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In 1780, only 3 per cent of the population in England and Wales could vote. The 1832 Reform Bill increased the electorate to 18 per cent of adult males. However, no straight path leads from the 1782 call for reform to 1832, nor is there any real connection through the 1790s ‘rights of man’ debate. Whig Reform motions were repeatedly defeated. After 1816, the return of unemployed soldiers from over twenty years of war transformed Reform from an arcane parliamentary issue into a populist cry: William Cobbett’s Political Register educated the working classes into political self-consciousness. Paradoxically, it was the Ultra-Tories, feeling betrayed by Catholic Emancipation (1829)—the real constitutional issue—who introduced the Reform Bill. This chapter looks at the literary narrative of ‘Reform’ as seen in Lord Byron’s Don Juan and its piracies, Cobbett’s Political Register, Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s Friend, Blackwood’s, and the parliamentary exchanges of Thomas Babington Macaulay and John Wilson Croker replayed in the Edinburgh and the Quarterly reviews.
Political Parody and Satire
Authors: Demson Michael 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Edmund Burke’s critique of French political satire in 1790 launched a debate in England about the value of satire, its efficacy as a political tool, and its literary status. Burke deemed satire a political discourse, detached from traditional literary history, and he decried both its destabilizing influence on social order and the impact of derisive texts on solemn political institutions. In response, 1790s radicals, including Mary Wollstonecraft and Thomas Paine, lionized political satire for the very reasons Burke denounced it, disseminating their estimation of its value through cheap print media. Equating satire with sedition, conservatives responded with prosecutorial campaigns against the radical press, culminating with the 1818 trials of William Hone, who vindicated himself by arguing that satire was a genre of literature, and thus not bound to any political moment. The Peterloo Massacre (1819) inspired the fiercest political satire of the period, but repression of the press eventually turned readers to other interests.
Prefaces, Prospectuses, Defences, and Manifestos
Authors: Cole Heinowitz Rebecca 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The proliferation of authorial paratexts during the Romantic period was a reflex of two concomitant developments: the rise of a commercial book trade and periodical press, and the emergence of a mass reading audience. As reviewers wielded increasing influence under the aegis of ‘public opinion’, authors were impelled to address prospective readers in extended prefatory notes and pre-publication prospectuses which frequently exceeded their explanatory or apologetic functions by taking aim at both the marketplace and its self-appointed arbiters. Yet while these textual supplements encouraged readers to exercise their independence in assessing literary merit, their arguments—like those of their antagonists—rested on the assumption that literature should serve the moral interests of society. Percy Bysshe Shelley’s ‘Defence of Poetry’ thus earns its place as the Romantic era’s most radical statement of poetics by refuting the logic according to which a literary work can be assessed by the public effects it produces.