bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross‐validation and response sets in repeated use of mood questionnaires
Authors: Johnston Marie , Hackmann Ann 
Published: July 2011

Two questions concerning the repeated use of mood questionnaires on the same subjects were examined using the STAI, the MACCL and the Lorr et al. mood scales. Firstly, “are corresponding moods and mood changes correlated across questionnaires?”, and secondly, “o response sets affect the changes in responses’. Both within‐ and between‐subjects designs were used.The results suggest that the corresponding mood measures do change in parallel, giving evidence of validity, especially for anxiety measures. Only the Lorr et al. scores were affected by response sets and this effect was reduced in a within‐subjects design.
Mood change with alcohol intoxication
Authors: Robbins B. J. , Brotherton P. L. 
Published: July 2011

The effects of increasing blood alcohol concentration (BAC) on a set of six mood variables were investigated in 10 men and 10 women subjects.The Profile of Mood States (POMS) was used to assess mood states, and blood alcohol levels were determined by breathalyser readings.Results indicated a reduction in tension and an increase in confusion for subjects in general, as BACs increased, while levels of tension were consistently lower for women. Important interaction effects were observed, with men becoming more depressed and angry, and women less so, with increasing BACs.
The reaction of psychiatric patients to computerized assessment
Authors: French Christopher C. , Beaumont J. Graham 
Published: July 2011

A questionnaire was given following test administration in either a standard or computerized form, to 367 psychiatric patients who completed up to eight psychometric tests. Patients responded in the computerized versions by using either a keyboard or a touch‐screen. In general, the evaluation of both test forms was positive and fewer differences were detected than had been expected. Where differences existed, the computerized forms were found more enjoyable, especially in the case of the simpler tests, but were also reported to be less comprehensible and less clear in the case of some of the more complex ones. Subjective estimates of attainment and willingness to undergo further testing were largely unaffected by test form. The touch‐screen was preferred to the keyboard in the simpler tests, but in other cases there was evidence that prior experience of the standard form of the test facilitated performance.The findings support the feasibility of creating computerized tests which are essentially parallel to standard original forms, but point to the need to understand the complex factors which govern the users' evaluation of human‐computer interaction. However, computerized assessment seems to be entirely acceptable to clinical psychiatric patients.
Coping in family supporters of elderly people with dementia
Authors: McKee Kevin J. , Whittick Janice E. , Ballinger Brian B. , Gilhooly Mary M. L. , Gordon David S. , Mutch William J. , Philp Ian 
Published: July 2011

Research into supporters of elderly people with dementia has a brief but significant history. Initially, research sought to establish the nature and extent of the distress that supporters endured in the fulfilment of their caring role. More recently, researchers have turned their attention towards the identification of coping techniques used by supporters in the community.The Dundee Study of Supporters and Dementia is concerned with factors associated with the maintenance and care of the demented elderly in the community, and with the impact of dementia on family supporters. A total of 228 family supporters of community‐resident elderly (50 per cent of elders with dementia, 50 per cent without) were interviewed. Part of the interview focused on self‐reported coping, and identified coping strategies using open‐ended questions and a revised, 31‐item Ways of Coping checklist.Findings indicated that the majority of supporters of community‐resident elderly relatives reported coping well. Supporters predominantly used emotion‐focused coping strategies as their main way of coping. However, those supporters who reported using a problem‐focused strategy were found to score better on measures of coping than those supporters using an emotion‐focused strategy. The supporters' main coping strategy was not associated with characteristics of the elder‐supporter dyad. Factors derived from the Ways of Coping checklist produced a pattern of associations with characteristics of the elder‐supporter dyad, but the same factors were largely not associated with other measures of coping.The implications of the findings are discussed with regard to coping research, and for interventions to improve the well‐being of supporters of an elderly relative with dementia in the community.
Development of the Cambridge Contextual Reading Test for improving the estimation of premorbid verbal intelligence in older persons with dementia
Authors: Beardsall Lynn 
Published: July 2011

Objectives. The Cambridge Contextual Reading Test (CCRT), which sets the NART words within semantic and syntactic context, has been shown to yield a higher prediction of premorbid intelligence than the National Adult Reading Test (NART) for patients with mild/moderate dementia (Beardsall & Huppert, 1994). This study validates and standardizes the CCRT in a sample of healthy older persons.Design. The CCRT was validated against WAIS‐R verbal IQ (VIQ) and the Mill Hill Vocabulary Test (MHVT). Regression equations were used to compare predictions of WAIS‐R VIQ from CCRT and demographic variables. A conversion table was constructed for predicted VIQ from the equation derived from CCRT scores.Methods. Seventy‐three healthy British older persons aged over 70 years completed the CCRT, NART, WAIS‐R verbal subtests and MHVT.Results. The benefit of context was greatest for those with lowest word reading ability. The CCRT was satisfactorily correlated with VIQ and the MHVT. Whereas the regression equation predicting VIQ using CCRT alone accounted for 61 per cent of the variance, 68 per cent was accounted for when demographic variables were included.Conclusions. The CCRT is a valid measure of verbal ability for older persons. When accurate information about years of full‐time education is available, prediction of verbal intelligence should be made combining CCRT with demographic variables. Otherwise, prediction should be made using CCRT alone. The CCRT may be used in preference to NART in neuropsychological batteries with older persons provided caution is exercised when language difficulties are indicated.
Depressed and non‐depressed mothers with problematic preschoolers: Attributions for child behaviours
Authors: White Caroline , Barrowclough Christine 
Published: July 2011

Objectives. This study examines the spontaneous causal attributions made by mothers about their preschool children's problem behaviour and investigates the relationship between causal attributions and maternal depression.Design. Two groups of mothers were compared, a depressed and a non‐depressed group, while all women included identified their preschool child as having some problem behaviours. There were 25 women in each group.Methods. The spontaneous attributions of mothers were assessed from audiotaped interviews using an adaptation of the Leeds Attributional Coding System for the extraction and analysis of attributional statements.Results. Depressed mothers made more spontaneous causal attributions about their children's problem behaviour than did the non‐depressed group; and the depressed group perceived these causes as being more stable, more controllable and more personal to the child than their non‐depressed counterparts. There was also evidence that depressed mothers made more internal attributions about themselves as the cause of their children's problem behaviour than non‐depressed mothers. The study indicates that the personal‐to‐child dimension is the attributional variable most strongly associated with depression.Conclusions. This study provides evidence that depressed mothers have attributional biases when compared to non‐depressed mothers. The authors suggest that their attributions may mediate coping responses and hence may influence parenting behaviour. The clinical and research implications of the findings are discussed.
Homosexuality in adolescence
Authors: Glasser Mervin 
Published: July 2011

This paper asserts that homosexuality in adolescence should not be regarded in the same way as it would be in adults. Different types of homosexuality emerge during adolescence according to the different psychodynamic conditions which occur at different stages of adolescence, particularly the changing relationship to the individual's parents, and these may subside or make an important contribution to the establishment and nature of an individual's homosexuality in adulthood.The characteristic ‘identificatory facility’ of adolescence is discussed and it is suggested that this is retained in the make‐up of the adult homosexual. Some comments on the clinical assessment of homosexuality in adolescence are briefly made.
Planned brief psychotherapy in clinical practice
Authors: Keller Anthea 
Published: July 2011

A workshop was set up at the Tavistock Clinic to study the application in other clinical settings of techniques of brief psychotherapy developed there. Five people from mixed professional backgrounds met for three years and treated patients, unselected for brief therapy, utilizing these techniques. Of the 15 patients who embarked on treatment, 13 completed it, and 12 of these were followed up for periods ranging from three months to two and a half years. Forms were developed by the workshop to chart the clinical progress of therapy, and to evaluate data on the patient, the psychodynamic focus and treatment process. These data were compared with outcome, rated behaviourally and psychodynamically.At non‐significant levels, results indicated that outcome was better for those patients who experienced high levels of distress subjectively but who functioned well externally, those who had a supportive relationship outside therapy and those for whom a psychodynamic focus could be formulated and worked with. Unrelated to outcome were: the extent of early deprivation, severity of damage to object‐relations capacities, time of onset and all of the practical aspects of therapy. Clinical illustrations are given and three exceptions to the trend of results are discussed. In general, the findings corroborate Malan's (1976) work. The claim is made that these results justify further exploration of the technique's applicability in NHS out‐patient psychotherapy clinics.
Preschool children's understanding of causal connections
Authors: Bullock Merry 
Published: July 2011

Preschool‐aged children's understanding of causal mechanism was assessed by showing them a simple event sequence in which two objects moved in tandem. The central question was whether children would infer the presence of a mechanism linking the two objects whose movement covaried. This was tested by assessing five responses: actions when asked to move one object, explanations for how the object moved, predictions as to whether both objects would still move without a connection, inferences about the nature and location of the connection, and surprise when the objects moved without any apparent connection.The results from 3‐, 4‐ and 5‐year‐olds indicated that an understanding of mechanism is firmly established by 5 years but fragile at 3 years and only revealed by some response modes. The implications of the results concerning how to characterize and test for early competence are discussed.
Rapid Concentration and Molecular Enrichment Approach for Sensitive Detection of Escherichia coli and Shigella Species in Potable Water Samples
Authors: Maheux Andrée F. , Bissonnette Luc , Boissinot Maurice , Bernier Jean-Luc T. , Huppé Vicky , Picard François J. , Bérubé Ève , Bergeron Michel G. 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACT

In this work, we used a rapid, simple, and efficient concentration-and-recovery procedure combined with a DNA enrichment method (dubbed CRENAME [
c
oncentration and
r
ecovery of microbial particles,
e
xtraction of
n
ucleic
a
cids, and
m
olecular
e
nrichment]), that we coupled to an
Escherichia coli
/
Shigella
-specific real-time PCR (rtPCR) assay targeting the
tuf
gene, to sensitively detect
E. coli
/
Shigella
in water. This integrated method was compared to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) culture-based Method 1604 on MI agar in terms of analytical specificity, ubiquity, detection limit, and rapidity. None of the 179 non-
E. coli
/
Shigella
strains tested was detected by both methods, with the exception of
Escherichia fergusonii
, which was detected by the CRENAME procedure combined with the
E. coli
/
Shigella
-specific rtPCR assay (CRENAME +
E. coli
rtPCR). DNA from all 90
E. coli
/
Shigella
strains tested was amplified by the CRENAME +
E. coli
rtPCR, whereas the MI agar method had limited ubiquity and detected only 65 (72.2%) of the 90 strains tested. In less than 5 h, the CRENAME +
E. coli
rtPCR method detected 1.8
E. coli
/
Shigella
CFU whereas the MI agar method detected 1.2 CFU/100 ml of water in 24 h (95% confidence). Consequently, the CRENAME method provides an easy and efficient approach to detect as little as one Gram-negative
E. coli
/
Shigella
cell present in a 100-ml potable water sample. Coupled with an
E. coli
/
Shigella
-specific rtPCR assay, the entire molecular procedure is comparable to U.S. EPA Method 1604 on MI agar in terms of analytical specificity and detection limit but provides significant advantages in terms of speed and ubiquity.
Fructo-Oligosaccharide Synthesis by Mutant Versions of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Invertase
Authors: Lafraya Álvaro , Sanz-Aparicio Julia , Polaina Julio , Marín-Navarro Julia 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTEfficient enzymatic synthesis of tailor-made prebiotic fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) used in functional food formulation is a relevant biotechnological objective. We have engineered theSaccharomyces cerevisiaeinvertase (Suc2) to improve its transferase activity and to identify the enzymatic determinants for product specificity. Amino acid replacement (W19Y, N21S, N24S) within a conserved motif (β-fructosidase) specifically increased the synthesis of 6-kestose up to 10-fold. Mutants with lower substrate (sucrose) affinity produced FOS with longer half-lives. A mutation (P205V) adjacent to another conserved motif (EC) caused a 6-fold increment in 6-kestose yield. Docking studies with a Suc2 modeled structure defined a putative acceptor substrate binding subsite constituted by Trp 291 and Asn 228. Mutagenesis studies confirmed the implication of Asn 228 in directing the orientation of the sucrose molecule for the specific synthesis of β(2,6) linkages.
Multicenter Phase II Trial of Temozolomide in Mycosis Fungoides/Sézary Syndrome: Correlation with O6-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase and Mismatch Repair Proteins
Authors: Querfeld Christiane , Rosen Steven T. , Guitart Joan , Rademaker Alfred , Pezen David S. , Dolan M. Eileen , Baron Joseph , Yarosh Daniel B. , Foss Francine , Kuzel Timothy M. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Purpose: Temozolomide (TMZ) is an oral derivative of dacarbazine that induces DNA damage by methylating nucleotide bases. Resistance has been associated with high levels of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT). Malignant CD4+ T cells of patients with mycosis fungoides/Sézary syndrome (MF/SS) have been shown to have low levels of MGMT and may be particularly sensitive to this methylator.
Experimental Design: The efficacy of TMZ was evaluated in a multicenter phase II trial of patients with advanced stages of MF/SS. TMZ was given orally at daily doses of 200 mg/m2 for 5 days every 28 days. MGMT and mismatch repair protein expression was assessed by quantitative immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry in skin and blood samples.
Results: Twenty-six patients (stages IB–IVB) were evaluable for response. Patients had a median of four prior treatments. Median follow-up time was 19 months (range, 1–95). The overall response was 27% with two complete remissions (8%) and five partial remissions (19%). Median disease-free survival was 4 months. The median overall survival was 24 months. The most frequent toxicities included constitutional symptoms, gastrointestinal symptoms, and hematologic toxicities. Treatment was discontinued in three patients following grade 3 thrombocytopenia, lymphopenia, and skin reaction. The relationship between pretreatment MGMT and mutL homolog 1 (MLH1)/mutS homolog 2 (MSH2) mismatch repair protein expression levels in skin biopsies of cutaneous lesions and clinical response to TMZ were evaluated.
Conclusions: Pretreatment levels of MGMT and MLH1/MSH2 protein levels are not predictive of response to TMZ in MF/SS, suggesting that other resistance mechanisms are important. Clin Cancer Res; 17(17); 5748–54. ©2011 AACR.
Cerebral Protection During Surgery for Acute Aortic Dissection Type A
Authors: Krüger Tobias , Weigang Ernst , Hoffmann Isabell , Blettner Maria , Aebert Hermann 
Published: July 2011

Background—
Cerebral protection during surgery for acute aortic dissection type A relies on hypothermic circulatory arrest, either alone or in conjunction with cerebral perfusion.

Methods and Results—

The perioperative and intraoperative conditions of 1558 patients submitted from 44 cardiac surgery centers in German-speaking countries were analyzed. Among patients with acute aortic dissection type A, 355 (22.8%) underwent surgery with hypothermic circulatory arrest alone. In 1115 patients (71.6%), cerebral perfusion was used: Unilateral antegrade cerebral perfusion (ACP) in 628 (40.3%), bilateral ACP in 453 (29.1%), and retrograde perfusion in 34 patients (2.2%). For 88 patients with acute aortic dissection type A (5.6%), no circulatory arrest and arch intervention were reported (cardiopulmonary bypass–only group). End points of the study were 30-day mortality (15.9% overall) and mortality-corrected permanent neurological dysfunction (10.5% overall). The respective values for the cardiopulmonary bypass–only group were 11.4% and 9.1%. Hypothermic circulatory arrest alone resulted in a 30-day mortality rate of 19.4% and a mortality-corrected permanent neurological dysfunction rate of 11.5%, whereas the rates were 13.9% and 10.0%, respectively, for unilateral ACP and 15.9% and 11.0%, respectively, for bilateral ACP. In contrast with the ACP groups, there was a profound increase in mortality when systemic circulatory arrest times exceeded 30 minutes in the hypothermic circulatory arrest group (
P
<0.001). Mortality-corrected permanent neurological dysfunction correlated significantly with perfusion pressure in the ACP groups.

Conclusions—
This study reflects current surgical practice for acute aortic dissection type A in Central Europe. For arrest times less than 30 minutes, hypothermic circulatory arrest and ACP lead to similar results. For longer arrest periods, ACP with sufficient pressure is advisable. Outcomes with unilateral and bilateral ACP were equivalent.
Downregulation of Kv7.4 Channel Activity in Primary and Secondary Hypertension
Authors: Jepps Thomas A. , Chadha Preet S. , Davis Alison J. , Harhun Maksym I. , Cockerill Gillian W. , Olesen Søren P. , Hansen Rie S. , Greenwood Iain A. 
Published: July 2011

Background—

Voltage-gated potassium (K
+
) channels encoded by KCNQ genes (Kv7 channels) have been identified in various rodent and human blood vessels as key regulators of vascular tone; however, nothing is known about the functional impact of these channels in vascular disease. We ascertained the effect of 3 structurally different activators of Kv7.2 through Kv7.5 channels (BMS-204352, S-1, and retigabine) on blood vessels from normotensive and hypertensive animals.

Methods and Results—

Precontracted thoracic aorta and mesenteric artery segments from normotensive rats were relaxed by all 3 Kv7 activators, with potencies of BMS-204352=S-1>retigabine. We also tested these agents in the coronary circulation using the Langendorff heart preparation. BMS-204352 and S-1 dose dependently increased coronary perfusion at concentrations between 0.1 and 10 μmol/L, whereas retigabine was effective at 1 to 10 μmol/L. In addition, S-1 increased K
+
currents in isolated mesenteric artery myocytes. The ability of these agents to relax precontracted vessels, increase coronary flow, or augment K
+
currents was impaired considerably in tissues isolated from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Of the 5 KCNQ genes, only the expression of KCNQ4 was reduced (≈3.7 fold) in SHRs aorta. Kv7.4 protein levels were ≈50% lower in aortas and mesenteric arteries from spontaneously hypertensive rats compared with normotensive vessels. A similar attenuated response to S-1 and decreased Kv7.4 were observed in mesenteric arteries from mice made hypertensive by angiotensin II infusion compared with normotensive controls.

Conclusions—
In 2 different rat and mouse models of hypertension, the functional impact of Kv7 channels was dramatically downregulated.
Feeding Outcomes in Infants after Supraglottoplasty
Authors: Eustaquio Marcia , Lee Erika Nevin , Digoy G. Paul 
Published: July 2011

ObjectiveReview the impact of bilateral supraglottoplasty on feeding and compare the risk of postoperative feeding difficulties between infants with and without additional comorbidities.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingChildren’s hospital.Subjects and MethodsThe medical records of all patients between birth and 12 months of age treated for laryngomalacia with bilateral supraglottoplasty by a single surgeon (GPD) between December 2005 and September 2009 and followed for a minimum of 1 month were reviewed. Infants with significant comorbidities were evaluated separately. Nutritional intake before and after surgery, as well as speech and language pathology reports, was reviewed to qualify any feeding difficulties. Age at the time of surgery, additional surgical interventions, medical comorbidities, and length of follow‐up were also noted during chart review.ResultsOf 81 infants who underwent bilateral supraglottoplasty, 75 were eligible for this review. In the cohort of infants without comorbidities, 46 of 48 (96%) had no change or an improvement in their oral intake after surgery. Of the 2 patients with initial worsening of feeding, all resumed oral intake within 2 months. In the group of patients with additional medical comorbidities, 22% required further interventions such as nasogastric tube, dietary modification, or gastrostomy tube placement.ConclusionsSupraglottoplasty in infants has a low incidence of persistent postoperative dysphagia. Infants with additional comorbidities are at a higher risk of feeding difficulty than otherwise healthy infants.