bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic Divergence in Groundnut (<i>Arachis hypogaea</i> L)
Authors: Zaman MA , Tuhina-Khatun M , Moniruzzaman M , Yousuf MN 
Published: December 2011

Comprising 34 groundnut genotypes an experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with three replication at the Research farm of Regional Agricultural Research Station, BARI, Hathazari, Chittagong during Rabi season (December 2009 to April 2010) for estimation of the multivariate analysis of divergence. The genotypes were grouped into five clusters. Cluster III contained the highest number of genotypes (12) and the cluster II contained the lowest (2). The inter-cluster distances in all cases were larger than the intra-cluster distance which indicated that wider diversity is present among the genotypes of distant grouped. The highest intra cluster distance was observed in cluster V and the lowest in II. The highest inter cluster distance was observed between the cluster IV and III followed by V and III and the lowest between cluster V and I. Days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, number of branches per plant, number of matured nuts per plant and karnel size were the most important contributors based on the latent vector. But the highest cluster means for matured nuts per plant, 100 karnel weight, 100 nuts weight and yield per plant were obtained from the cluster II. With moderate yield but early maturity varieties were found in cluster IV. Therefore, more emphasis should be given on cluster VI for selecting genotypes as parents for crossing with the genotypes of cluster II and III for getting new recombinants with early maturity and higher yield. Key Words: Genetic divergence; cluster analysis; D2 analysis; groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v23i1.9317 BJPBG 2010; 23(1): 45-49
Novel phenomenological discrete bubble model of freely bubbling dense gas–solid fluidized beds: Application to two‐dimensional beds
Authors: Movahedirad Salman , Molaei Dehkordi Asghar , Deen Niels Gerbrand , van Sint Annaland Martin , Kuipers J. A. M. (Hans) 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA phenomenological discrete bubble model has been developed for freely bubbling dense gas–solid fluidized beds and validated for a pseudo‐two‐dimensional fluidized bed. In this model, bubbles are treated as distinct elements and their trajectories are tracked by integrating Newton's equation of motion. The effect of bubble–bubble interactions was taken into account via a modification of the bubble velocity. The emulsion phase velocity was obtained as a superposition of the motion induced by individual bubbles, taking into account bubble–bubble interaction. This novel model predicts the bubble size evolution and the pattern of emulsion phase circulation satisfactorily. Moreover, the effects of the superficial gas velocity, bubble–bubble interactions, initial bubble diameter, and the bed aspect ratio have been carefully investigated. The simulation results indicate that bubble–bubble interactions have profound influence on both the bubble and emulsion phase characteristics. Furthermore, this novel model may become a valuable tool in the design and optimization of fluidized‐bed reactors. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Chemiluminescence behaviour of CdTe–potassium permanganate enhanced by sodium hexametaphosphate and sensitized sensing of l‐ascorbic acid
Authors: Chen Hongqi , Ling Bo , Yuan Fei , Zhou Cailing , Chen Jingguo , Wang Lun 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTA highly sensitive flow‐injection chemiluminescence (FIA‐CL) method based on the CdTe nanocrystals and potassium permanganate chemiluminescence system was developed for the determination of l‐ascorbic acid. It was found that sodium hexametaphosphate (SP), as an enhancer, could increase the chemiluminescence (CL) emission from the redox reaction of CdTe quantum dots with potassium permanganate in near‐neutral pH conditions. l‐Ascorbic acid is suggested as a sensitive enhancer for use in the above energy‐transfer excitation process. Under optimal conditions, the calibration graph of emission intensity against logarithmic l‐ascorbic acid concentration was linear in the range 1.0 × 10−9–5.0 × 10−6 mol/L, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9969 and relative standard deviation (RSD) of 2.3% (n = 7) at 5.0 × 10−7 mol/L. The method was successfully used to determine l‐ascorbic acid in vitamin C tablets. The possible mechanism of the chemiluminescence in the system is also discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microparticle delivery of Interleukin‐7 to boost T‐cell proliferation and survival
Authors: Wang Nick X. , Bazdar Douglas A. , Sieg Scott F. , von Recum Horst A. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn HIV infections, homoeostasis of T cells is dysregulated such that there is a depletion of CD4+ T cells and a progressive loss of naïve CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Methodologies that can improve the function of some or all of these cells will likely enhance immune responsiveness in HIV infection. Interleukin‐7 (IL‐7) is a cytokine that has been shown to be critical in homeostatic expansion of naïve CD8+ and CD4+ cells in lymphopenic hosts, as well as regulating effector T cell to memory T‐cell transition and memory T‐cell homeostasis. In animal studies and clinical trials, repeated injections of IL‐7 are used to boost both CD4+ and CD8+ cell counts. Daily injections, however, are painful, inconvenient, and provide a frequent route for pathogen entry. We developed a poly (D,L‐lactide‐co‐glycolide; PLGA) microparticle controlled release system to administer IL‐7 in which a single injection of microparticles can provide therapeutic delivery of IL‐7. IL‐7 encapsulated PLGA microparticles were first synthesized using a water/organic/water double emulsion method, release from the particles was then optimized using in vitro release studies and therapeutic effectiveness was finally studied in animal studies. These PLGA microparticles showed effective delivery of IL‐7 for 1 week in vitro. These results were translated to in vivo delivery as well, which was followed for 9 days. Controlled release of IL‐7 in mice demonstrated biological activity in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in mice, which was consistent with previously reported results using daily injections. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:1835–1843. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
New Cu‐Based Catalysts Supported on TiO2 Films for Ullmann SNAr‐Type CO Coupling Reactions
Authors: Benaskar Faysal , Engels Volker , Rebrov Evgeny V. , Patil Narendra G. , Meuldijk Jan , Thüne Peter C. , Magusin Pieter C. M. M. , Mezari Brahim , Hessel Volker , Hulshof Lumbertus A. , Hensen Emiel J. M. , Wheatley Andrew E. H. , Schouten Jaap C. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractNew routes for the preparation of highly active TiO2‐supported Cu and CuZn catalysts have been developed for CO coupling reactions. Slurries of a titania precursor were dip‐coated onto glass beads to obtain either structured mesoporous or non‐porous titania thin films. The Cu and CuZn nanoparticles, synthesized using a reduction by solvent method, were deposited onto calcined films to obtain a Cu loading of 2 wt %. The catalysts were characterized by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectroscopy, temperature‐programmed oxidation/reduction (TPO/TPR) techniques, 63Cu nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (S/TEM‐EDX) and X‐ray photo‐electron spectroscopy (XPS). The activity and stability of the catalysts obtained have been studied in the CO Ullmann coupling of 4‐chloropyridine and potassium phenolate. The titania‐supported nanoparticles retained catalyst activity for up to 12 h. However, catalyst deactivation was observed for longer operation times due to oxidation of the Cu nanoparticles. The oxidation rate could be significantly reduced over the CuZn/TiO2 catalytic films due to the presence of Zn. The 4‐phenoxypyridine yield was 64 % on the Cu/nonporous TiO2 at 120 °C. The highest product yield of 84 % was obtained on the Cu/mesoporous TiO2 at 140 °C, corresponding to an initial reaction rate of 104 mmol gcat−1 s−1. The activation energy on the Cu/mesoporous TiO2 catalyst was found to be (144±5) kJ mol−1, which is close to the value obtained for the reaction over unsupported CuZn nanoparticles (123±3 kJ mol−1) and almost twice the value observed over the catalysts deposited onto the non‐porous TiO2 support (75±2 kJ mol−1).
Geochemical Assessment of a Subtropical Reservoir: A Case Study in Curitiba, Southern Brazil
Authors: Godoi Ricardo Henrique Moreton , Hirata Patricia Y. , Bitterncourt Andre V. L. , Godoi Ana F. L. , Jafelicci Miguel , dos Santos Francisco J. , Bini Rafael , Zara Liuz F. , Cunha Cynara L. N. , Soares Ana P. K , Gobbi Eduardo F. , Potgieter‐Vermaak Sanja , Gardolinski José E. F. C. , Reis Neto José M. , Rotondo Giuliana Gatto , van Grieken Rene 
Published: January 2012

AbstractSuspended particles and dissolved substances in water provide reactive surfaces, influence metabolic activity and contribute to the net sediment deposition. It therefore plays an important part in the ecology and quality of the water mass. The water quality in reservoirs is crucial and it is naturally maintained by flushing and sedimentation, which continuously remove phosphorus from the water. In some reservoirs, however, these removal processes are countered by recycling of ions which could play a key role to start and/or maintain the eutrophic state. The combination of macro‐, trace‐ and microanalysis techniques can be useful to trace pollution sources through a chemical fingerprint, whether be during an acute environmental disaster or a long‐term release of pollutants. The water quality and total metal content of reservoir sediments were assessed in a reservoir, situated in the capital of the Paraná State, in the South‐Eastern part of Brazil. The goal of this paper was to determine the metal presence in the sediment and metal and ionic speciation in the Green River reservoir water. Water and bed sediment samples, collected from various sites during 2008 and 2009, were investigated using XRF, ICP‐OES, ICP‐MS, XRD and zeta potential measurements. Based on the results, the heavy metal concentration and chemical composition of the suspended matter in the water samples, as well as the sediment's chemical composition will be discussed.
Ras homolog gene family, member A promotes p53 degradation and vascular endothelial growth factor‐dependent angiogenesis through an interaction with murine double minute 2 under hypoxic conditions
Authors: Ma Ji , Xue Yan , Cui Wei , Li Yan , Zhao Qingli , Ye Wenmin , Zheng Jin , Cheng Yuanxiong , Ma Yuguang , Li Sen , Han Tenglong , Miao Lu , Yao Libo , Zhang Jian , Liu Wenchao 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Tumor neovascularization (TNV) is a common pathologic basis for malignant growth and metastasis. However, the mechanism of TNV pathogenesis is not fully understood. Ras homolog gene family, member A (RhoA), a Rho guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) family member, may be involved in a hypoxia‐induced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway that regulates TNV angiogenesis through an unclear mechanism.METHODS:The regulation of RhoA on p53, the p53 binding protein homolog murine double minute 2 (MDM2), and VEGF was analyzed in hypoxic MCF‐7 cells using Western blot analysis, real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, coimmunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence staining assays. Changes in proliferation, invasion, migration, stress fiber formation, and tube formation were detected in an MCF‐7 human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) coculture system. Correlations of RhoA expression with MDM2, wild‐type p53 (wt‐p53), and VEGF expression in breast cancer tissues and relations between RhoA and breast cancer clinical features were analyzed by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS:Activated RhoA down‐regulated p53 protein, which increased VEGF expression in hypoxic MCF‐7 cells; whereas p53 messenger RNA levels were not altered. In addition, the ubiquitin‐mediated degradation of p53 was enhanced by active RhoA. RhoA and MDM2 colocalized in the cytoplasm of hypoxic MCF‐7 cells and interacted with each other physically. Furthermore, nutlin‐3, a specific MDM2 inhibitor, was capable of reducing activated RhoA‐induced p53 protein stability and attenuating VEGF accumulation. In an MCF‐7‐HUVEC coculture system, nutlin‐3 effectively inhibited HUVEC proliferation, invasion, migration, stress fiber formation, and tube formation mediated by activated RhoA under hypoxic conditions. Data from 129 clinical breast cancer specimens with wt‐p53 revealed that high RhoA expression was correlated with high MDM2 expression, low wt‐p53 expression, and high VEGF expression.CONCLUSIONS:The current data suggested that activated RhoA promotes VEGF expression and hypoxia‐induced angiogenesis through the up‐regulation of MDM2 to decrease p53 stability. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Bone pattern formation in mouse limbs after amputation at the forearm level
Authors: Ide Hiroyuki 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackground: Although urodela amphibians completely regenerate amputated limbs, the potency of limb regeneration in mammalians is very low. In mice and humans, a digit tip regenerates, but no regeneration beyond the digit joint occurs. In this article, we describe the induction of bone formation by BMPs in the forearm, a more proximal region, of neonatal mice. Distal halves of the radius and ulna were removed from limbs amputated at the wrist level in advance, and gelatin rods containing BMPs were grafted in the space of the forearm. BMP‐7 and BMP‐2 were effective. Results: The induction of bone formation depended on the amount of BMP‐7 in grafted gelatin gels. BMP‐7 at over 320 ng/limb induced long bones within 10 days. Cartilage formation was always observed before the bone formation as in the case of normal limb development. The origin of cells responsive to BMP‐7 is not clear, but the formation of large bone tissues in a relatively short time suggests a wide distribution of precursor cells in the limbs. Grafting of dye‐stained mesenchymal tissue fragments suggested that mesenchymal tissues other than the dermis, bone, and joint cartilage are responsive to BMP‐7 and form cartilage/bone. Two long bones induced were arranged in parallel fashion in many cases like the radius and ulna. An agonist of hedgehog promoted the formation of bones in the presence of BMP‐7. Furthermore, bone elements were fused to stump bones to form a single bone. Conclusions: The results suggest the potency of bone pattern regeneration in the amputated forearm of a neonatal mouse. Developmental Dynamics 241:435–441, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An Efficient and Reusable Palladium Catalyst Supported on a Rasta Resin for Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Couplings
Authors: Diebold Carine , Becht Jean‐Michel , Lu Jinni , Toy Patrick H. , Le Drian Claude 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA short and efficient synthesis of a heterogeneous palladium catalyst supported on a rasta resin bearing diphenylphosphanyl ligands is reported. This catalyst was used successfully for Suzuki–Miyaura reactions of aryl bromides in the presence of only 0.25 milli‐equiv. of supported palladium. The catalyst was reused several times with no loss of efficiency, and the amount of palladium leached in the reaction medium is extremely low (< 1 % of the initial amount).
Cholinesterase Biosensors Based on Screen‐Printed Electrodes Modified with Co‐Phtalocyanine and Polycarboxylated Thiacalixarenes
Authors: Evtugyn G. A. , Younusov R. R. , Ivanov A. N. , Sitdikov R. R. , Galuchin A. V. , Budnikov H. C. , Stoikov I. I. , Antipin I. S. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractNew acetylcholinesterase biosensors have been developed on the base of screen‐printed electrodes modified with Co‐phtalocyanine and polycarboxylated thiacalixarenes as enzyme support. The biosensors showed improved operational and analytical characteristics and high accuracy of the signal measurement. The biosensors developed made it possible to detect 3–200 ppb of paraoxon and 1–50 ppb of malaoxon with detection limits down to 2 and 0.05 ppb, respectively (incubation time: 15 min). The influence of macrocyclic receptors was related to nonenzymatic accumulation of the analytes within the surface layer and electrostatic interactions with remaining free carboxylic groups of the support. The reliability of the inhibition measurements was confirmed by testing spiked samples of sparkling and tape waters.
Lattice Boltzmann simulation of heat conduction problems in non‐isothermally heated enclosures
Authors: Mondal Bittagopal , Chatterjee Dipankar 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA numerical study following the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is performed to solve transient heat conduction problems with and without volumetric heat generation/absorption in 2D and 3D Cartesian geometries. Uniform lattices are considered for both geometries. To validate the correctness of LBM, a finite difference method (FDM) is also used to solve the 2D problem without heat generation/absorption and results are compared with that of LBM. For both 2D and 3D geometries one of the walls is heated and cooled with a sinusoidal function and the rest of the walls are cooled isothermally. Effects of amplitude of the sinusoidal function and volumetric heat generation/absorption on temperature profiles are analyzed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.20406
Etcetera
Authors: Sinick Daniel 
Published: January 2012

The Timely and the Timeless: The Interrelationships of Science, Education, and Society by Bentley GlassThe Ghetto College Student: A Descriptive Essay on College Youth from the Inner City by Gordon D. Morgan.The Black People of America: Illustrated History by R. Ethel Dennis.Human Resources and Higher Education by John K. Folger, Helen S. Astin, and Alan E. Bayer.Counseling for College Choice by James Schuerger.The Encyclopedia of Human Behavior: Psychology, Psychiatry, and Mental Health by Robert M. Goldenson.Pathways Back to the Community by Ernest A. Kraus.Marriage and Family Relationships by Richard H. Klemer.Self Concept and School Achievement by William W. Purkey.
Occupational Information in Simple Form
Authors: KULLER RUTH 
Published: January 2012

Teachers of classes in occupations frequently encounter difficulty in procuring reading material comprehensible to students of low reading ability. {See “Cogs in the Occupational Wheel,” Arda Talbot Allen, Occupations, Oct., 1941, page 15, and “Graded Readings on Occupational Life,” Louis Herbert, Nov., 1941, page 127.} Most of the monographs and books are written for readers of at least eighth grade reading ability although actual class work demonstrates that large numbers of young people in the eighth and ninth grades can gain little from reading material on this level.The following list was prepared for the Vocational Guidance Service of the Cincinnati Public Schools and was transmitted by Mary P. Corre, Director, Occupational Research and Counseling Division. Though not intended primarily as books on occupations, they may be used advantageously to give occupational information to poor readers. The text is, in each case, relatively easy and most of the books contain excellent photographs of workers which show the real nature of the job. They offer an introduction to the study of occupations if they are supplemented with material on wages, hours, working conditions, and employment trends.
Influence of climate on incidences of malaria in the Thar Desert, northwest India
Authors: Jhajharia Deepak , Chattopadhyay Surajit , Choudhary Rahul R. , Dev Vas , Singh Vijay P. , Lal Shankar 
Published: January 2012

AbstractClimatic variability and rise in temperature are considered as the key determinants to the transmission of malaria. In the present study, the trends in the cases of malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax were investigated by using the nonparametric Mann‐Kendall test after removing the effect of significant lag‐1 serial correlation from the time series of cases of malaria incidence by pre‐whitening in annual, seasonal, and monthly time scales at Bikaner, located in the Thar Desert of Rajasthan, in northwest India. Multi‐collinearity within the datasets under consideration was investigated by means of correlation matrix, the Bartlett sphericity test, and the Kaiser‐Meyer‐Olkin measure of sampling adequacy, subsequent to which it was removed by using principal component analysis. Finally, artificial neural network models were employed to predict cases of malaria incidence caused by P. falciparum and P. vivax at various scales. During the last 34 years from 1975 to 2008, P. falciparum malaria incidence cases have been found to increase significantly corresponding to monthly (April and September) and seasonal (monsoon) time scales over Bikaner. On the other hand, no significant trends were observed in P. vivax malaria cases at Bikaner. Concomitant increases in P. falciparum cases of malaria incidence and observed temperature increases at Bikaner hint that P. falciparum malaria may have grown significantly under the warming climate of the Thar Desert. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
SATB2 participates in regulation of menadione‐induced apoptotic insults to osteoblasts
Authors: Wei Jyh‐Ding , Lin Yi‐Ling , Tsai Cheng‐Hsiu , Shieh Hui‐Shan , Lin Pei‐I , Ho Wei‐Pin , Chen Ruei‐Ming 
Published: January 2012

AbstractSpecial AT‐rich sequence binding protein 2 (SATB2), a nuclear matrix attachment region‐binding protein, can regulate embryonic development, cell differentiation, and cell survival. Previous studies showed that SATB2 is involved in osteoblast differentiation and skeletal development. In this study, we evaluated the role of SATB2 in oxidative stress‐induced apoptotic insults to human osteoblast‐like MG63 cells and mouse MC3T3‐E1 cells. Exposure of MG63 cells to menadione increased intracellular reactive oxygen species levels in a concentration‐ and time‐dependent manner. Simultaneously, menadione‐induced oxidative stress triggered cell shrinkage and decreased cell viability. In addition, treatment of MG63 cells with menadione time‐dependently decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential but enhanced caspase‐3 activity. As a result, menadione‐induced DNA fragmentation and cell apoptosis. As to the mechanism, exposure of MG63 cells to menadione amplified SATB2 messenger (m)RNA and protein expression in a time‐dependent manner. Knockdown of translation of SATB2 mRNA using RNA interference led to chromatin disruption and nuclear damage. When MG63 cells and MC3T3‐E1 cells were treated with SATB2 small interfering RNA, menadione‐induced cell apoptosis was increased. We conclude that menadione causes oxidative stress in human osteoblasts and induces cellular apoptosis via a mitochondrion‐caspase protease pathway. In addition, SATB2 may play a crucial role in protecting against oxidative stress‐induced osteoblast apoptosis. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:1058–1066, 2012
Identification of ionic liquid components by RP‐HPLC with diode array detector using chaotropic effect and perturbation technique
Authors: Flieger Jolanta , Czajkowska‐Żelazko Anna 
Published: January 2012

AbstractSodium hexafluorophosphate, perchlorate and tetrafluoroborate were applied as the ion‐pair reagents in reversed‐phase chromatography of several imidazolium‐based ionic liquids. The optimization of the retention was performed by changing the kind of organic modifier (methanol, acetonitrile), concentration and the kind of the ion‐pair reagents in the mobile phase and the column kind (Zorbax SB‐C18, Zorbax SB‐Phenyl, Zorbax SB‐CN, Zorbax SB‐NH2 and Supelcosil LC‐F). The selectivity of the proposed chromatographic systems according to the cation kind was compared on the basis of the resolution of ionic liquid mixture. The perturbation method was applied to identify the anion kind. The formation of ion‐associated complexes between promethazine as counter‐cation and chaotropic anions controlling their retention was confirmed.