bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Guzhangian (mid Cambrian) trilobites from siliceous concretions of the Valtorres Formation, Iberian Chains, NE Spain
Authors: ÁLVARO J. JAVIER , ZAMORA SAMUEL , VIZCAÏNO DANIEL , AHLBERG PER 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn the carbonate-siliciclastic strata of West Gondwana (e.g. in the Montagne Noire, France), the aftermath of the mid Languedocian (mid Cambrian) regression is characterized by a late Languedocian major turnover of trilobite families and a Furongian–early Tremadocian radiation related to the stepwise immigration of trilobite invaders from East Gondwana under persistent transgressive conditions. The scarcity of upper Languedocian fossil accumulations in clayey substrates has inspired the sampling of the palaeogeographically most distal parts of the Iberian Chains (Spain), where diagenetic dissolution of ubiquitous hexactinellid sponge spicules has favoured the formation of siliceous concretions. These have yielded the trilobitesPeronopsiscf.insignis,Oidalagnostus trispinifer,Proampyx difformis(=Proampyx aculeatus),Bailiaspis?glabrata(=Holocephalina agrauloides, by ontogeny),Holasaphuscf.centropygeand a paradoxidid gen. et sp. indet. Despite preservation and sampling biases, the identification of this taphonomic window in offshore clayey substrates of West Gondwana allows the recognition of a strong biogeographical link with Baltica, and the correlation of the global Guzhangian Stage and theSolenopleura?brachymetopaZone of Scandinavia with part of the Mediterranean upper Languedocian Substage.
Translation, Emphasis, Synthesis, Disturbance: On the function of music in visual music
Authors: Fuxjäger Anton 
Published: July 2012

Starting from the premiss that the central aesthetic feature of non-representational moving images (visual music) is their structuring of reception time, the function of the accompanying music in contributing to the total (combined) temporal structure of the resulting artwork is discussed. A taxonomy of the different roles that music can play in the production and reception of visual music consisting of three basic categories is presented and examples are given:•‘Music translations’: certain parameters of the accompanying music are transcoded into certain visual parameters, the accompanying music thereby provides the temporal structure of the audiovisual artwork.•‘Synthetic structures’: the music and the images provide different temporal informations with enough coincidences to be synthesised into a combined audiovisual strucuture by the viewer/listener.•‘Mutual disturbance’: the aforementioned process fails to be realised due to a lack of sufficient points of synchronisation. As a result the accompanying music will disrupt the recognition of the temporal structure of the images and vice versa.
Establishment of a cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) core collection based on agro-morphological descriptors
Authors: Bhattacharjee Ranjana , Dumet Dominique , Ilona Paul , Folarin Soyode , Franco Jorge 
Published: July 2012

International Institute of Tropical Agriculture maintains 2544 cassava accessions (Manihot esculenta Crantz) from 28 countries in its field bank. Being vegetatively propagated, this poses challenges in maintenance in terms of cost as well as in labour requirements. A core collection representing the range of phenotypic diversity present in the entire collection would enhance the conservation aspects and increase the potential for its exploitation in crop improvement programmes. The present study aimed to establish a core collection using 40 agro-morphological traits evaluated at two locations using a different number of accessions in each location. To meet the challenges generated by the types of variables and include maximum diversity in the core collection, a sequential strategy based on five major concepts was used: hierarchical multiple factor analysis allowing the mixture of variables of different kinds; three-way analysis that included the effect of genotype × environment interaction in the clustering process; linear discriminant function to assign all those individuals who were included in one location but not in the other to the groups that were generated from the common number of accessions evaluated in both locations; and D-allocation method to select samples from each cluster. The representativeness of the core subset to the entire collection was further estimated by comparing means and variances, range, and distances between accessions. The established cassava core collection consisted of 428 accessions that conserved 15% higher phenotypic diversity with no redundancies. The phenotypic diversity represented in this core collection will be a guide to users of cassava germplasm in their crop improvement programmes.
Explaining the dealings of Dutch SMEs with potential legal problems: a plea for a theory-driven approach
Authors: Croes M. T. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe previous decade has seen a wealth of studies into the potential legal problems of citizens, problems that could have or did result in legal procedures. Although this has greatly enhanced our understanding of the kinds of difficulties that citizens experience and the frequency with which this happens, some important topics have received little attention. This is especially true for the explanation of the chances that people have or the choices they make regarding the problems they face. In part, this is the result of the chosen approach, which was aimed at description and lacked the rigour needed for explanation. In this article, I will argue that in order to make progress regarding these topics, it is necessary to use a theory-driven approach. What a theory-driven approach is and what such an approach would look like when applied to the paths to justice field, is demonstrated with regard to the way in which small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs, companies with less than 100 employees) in the Netherlands deal with potential legal problems (Croes & Maas, 2009).
CD36 inhibition prevents lipid accumulation and contractile dysfunction in rat cardiomyocytes
Authors: Angin Yeliz , Steinbusch Laura K. M. , Simons Peter J. , Greulich Sabrina , Hoebers Nicole T. H. , Douma Kim , van Zandvoort Marc A. M. J. , Coumans Will A. , Wijnen Wino , Diamant Michaela , Ouwens D. Margriet , Glatz Jan F. C. , Luiken Joost J. F. P. 
Published: July 2012

An increased cardiac fatty acid supply and increased sarcolemmal presence of the long-chain fatty acid transporter CD36 are associated with and contribute to impaired cardiac insulin sensitivity and function. In the present study we aimed at preventing the development of insulin resistance and contractile dysfunction in cardiomyocytes by blocking CD36-mediated palmitate uptake. Insulin resistance and contractile dysfunction were induced in primary cardiomyocytes by 48 h incubation in media containing either 100 nM insulin (high insulin; HI) or 200 μM palmitate (high palmitate; HP). Under both culture conditions, insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and Akt phosphorylation were abrogated or markedly reduced. Furthermore, cardiomyocytes cultured in each medium displayed elevated sarcolemmal CD36 content, increased basal palmitate uptake, lipid accumulation and decreased sarcomere shortening. Immunochemical CD36 inhibition enhanced basal glucose uptake and prevented elevated basal palmitate uptake, triacylglycerol accumulation and contractile dysfunction in cardiomyocytes cultured in either medium. Additionally, CD36 inhibition prevented loss of insulin signalling in cells cultured in HP, but not in HI medium. In conclusion, CD36 inhibition prevents lipid accumulation and lipid-induced contractile dysfunction in cardiomyocytes, but probably independently of effects on insulin signalling. Nonetheless, pharmacological CD36 inhibition may be considered as a treatment strategy to counteract impaired functioning of the lipid-loaded heart.
Labour Rights and Property Rights: Implications for (and Beyond) Redundancy Payments and Pensions?
Authors: NOVITZ TONIA 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT
Labour lawyers are familiar with the notion that employers’ property rights operate as a significant constraint on the lawful activities of workers. Less attention is paid to workers’ property rights. This article begins by examining connections between labour and property, initially recognised by political theorists in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, considering how their policy prescriptions can be translated into a contemporary context. In the twenty-first century, workers’ entitlements to peaceful enjoyment of their possessions have been claimed in reliance on Article 1 of Protocol No 1 of the European Convention on Human Rights. Case law regarding the ‘legitimate expectations’ of workers has the potential to affect UK industrial relations, by limiting the changes that can be made to workers’ agreed contractual terms, redundancy payments and pensions, even if that potential has yet to be fully realised. It is uncertain whether this emergent jurisprudence will protect the interests of new entrants to the labour market or even those who have already retired. It may, therefore, be helpful to revert to earlier arguments, based on a view of labour rights as property rights, to make more far-reaching claims for fairer treatment of all workers, whether past, future or present.
Commercially Produced Rice and Maize Starches Contain Nonhost Proteins, as Shown by Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Koziol Adam G. , Marquez Benazir K. , Huebsch Matthew P. , Smith Jeffrey C. , Altosaar Illimar 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTTo evaluate the presence of contaminating nonhost proteins in commercially prepared rice and maize starch samples, we initiated a direct sequencing mass spectrometric proteomics survey. We discovered nonhost proteins from a variety of species, including Phytophthora cinnamomi, Homarus americanus, and Ovis aries. Our documentation of H. americanus proteins in these starch samples may have food safety implications with regard to shellfish allergies. We hypothesize that these proteins were introduced to the starch samples via process wash water used in the milling and deproteination steps in the commercial preparation of the starches analyzed. The introduction of nonhost proteins during commercial processing of starch samples that are used routinely in analytical studies indicates that these studies are using impure materials. Therefore, further study and documentation of the starch samples is required to ensure that all components of the samples are properly catalogued.
Kappa deleting element as an alternative molecular target for minimal residual disease assessment by real‐time quantitative PCR in patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: Puig Noemí , Sarasquete María E. , Alcoceba Miguel , Balanzategui Ana , Chillón María C. , Sebastián Elena , Díaz Marcos G. , San Miguel Jesús F. , García‐Sanz Ramón 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesMinimal residual disease (MRD) assessment by PCR in multiple myeloma (MM) has several shortcomings, including the lack of a suitable target. Kappa deleting element (KDE) rearrangements occur in virtually all Ig‐lambda B‐cell malignancies and in 1/3 of Ig‐kappa are not affected by somatic hypermutation and, as in ALL, could be used as PCR targets.MethodsWe have first investigated the incidence, gene segment usage, and CDR3 composition of IGK‐KDE rearrangements in 96 untreated myeloma patients. Second, we tested 16 KDE gene rearrangements as molecular targets for MRD assessment by RQ‐PCR using a germline reverse primer and a germline Taqman probe in combination with allele‐specific oligonucleotides (ASO) as forward primers.ResultsMonoclonal KDE rearrangements were amplified in 45% (43/96) of cases, monoallelic in 2/3 of them (29 cases), and biallellic in the remaining 14 cases. Overall, 88% of cases were successfully sequenced, KDE being equally frequently rearranged with VK and with intron‐Recombination signal sequence (RSS). Median numbers of inserted and deleted nucleotides in the junctional region were one and five, respectively.ConclusionsUsing KDE rearrangements as additional PCR target for MRD assessment in MM improves the applicability of these studies in 9% of cases overall and in 20% of lambda cases. Its use in the latter subset could represent a significant advance.
Double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled study of safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of TAK‐683, an investigational metastin analogue in healthy men
Authors: Scott Graham , Ahmad Irfan , Howard Katy , MacLean David , Oliva Cristina , Warrington Steve , Wilbraham Darren , Worthington Paul 
Published: July 2012

AimsTwo randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled studies were performed to characterize the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of the investigational metastin analogue, TAK‐683, in healthy men.MethodsWe first investigated a single subcutaneous (s.c.) dose of TAK‐683 (0.01–2.0 mg) in 60 subjects (TAK‐683, n = 42; placebo, n = 18). We then assessed a single s.c. bolus of 0.03–1.0 mg TAK‐683 on day 1, followed by a 0.01–2.0 mg day−1 continuous infusion on days 2–13, to simulate a depot formulation, in 30 subjects (TAK‐683, n = 25; placebo, n = 5) for 14 days.ResultsTAK‐683 was well tolerated up to a dose of 2.0 mg day−1 by continuous s.c. infusion for 14 days. Adverse events were similar between TAK‐683 and placebo subjects at all dose levels. TAK‐683 plasma concentrations generally increased in proportion to dose with single and continuous dosing, with steady‐state concentrations achieved by day 2 of continuous dosing. TAK‐683 at 2.0 mg day−1 suppressed testosterone below castration level (<50 ng dl−1) in four of five subjects by day 7 of continuous dosing. Luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone concentrations were suppressed with TAK‐683 continuous dosing compared with placebo by up to 70 and 43%, respectively, but this was not consistently dose‐dependent.ConclusionsIn healthy men, s.c. administration of TAK‐683 was well tolerated at all dose levels. The PK profile of TAK‐683 was favourable, and TAK‐683 suppressed testosterone profoundly during continuous dosing. Further investigation of metastin analogues is warranted for the treatment of castration‐resistant prostate cancer.
The influence of metabolic rate on the contribution of stable‐hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in drinking water to quail blood plasma and feathers
Authors: Storm‐Suke Andrea , Wassenaar Leonard I. , Nol Erica , Norris D. Ryan 
Published: July 2012

Summary

The stable‐hydrogen and oxygen isotopic composition of animal tissues are important tools for estimating the geographic origin of migrating animals.

Estimating the origin of animals using H and O isotopes requires knowledge of how closely and consistently tissues reflect precipitation isotopes at the location in which the tissues were grown.

One hypothesis to explain variation in isotope discrimination values in tissues from individuals residing at the same location is metabolic rate. Variation in metabolic rate between individuals could alter the relative proportions of drinking water and food atoms that are integrated into a tissue. Individuals with high metabolic rates ingest greater amounts of water compared with those with lower metabolic rates in order to balance metabolic water losses. Increased water consumption may increase the rate of hydrogen and oxygen atom turnover within the blood plasma, thereby limiting the extent to which tissue precursors isotopically exchange with their surroundings.

A first test of this hypothesis was carried out by experimentally elevating the metabolic rate of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) over a 64‐day period. We spiked drinking water with 99·9% 2H2O and 10% 18O to trace the incorporation of drinking water to feather tissue while holding the isotopic value of the food constant.

We observed a 15% increase in metabolic rate was associated with a 6% decrease in the relative contribution of drinking water hydrogen to feather keratin between treatments. In contrast, no differences in the relative contribution of drinking water oxygen to plasma or feathers were detected because of the small isotopic separation (e.g., only 9‰) between initial and final drinking water δ18O values. Results suggest a difference in metabolic rates between individuals residing in the same geographic location have the potential to partially obscure the relationship between precipitation and feather δ2H values.
Enhanced isoprene emission capacity and altered light responsiveness in aspen grown under elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration
Authors: Sun Zhihong , Niinemets Ülo , Hüve Katja , Noe Steffen M. , Rasulov Bahtijor , Copolovici Lucian , Vislap Vivian 
Published: July 2012

AbstractControversial evidence of CO2‐responsiveness of isoprene emission has been reported in the literature with the response ranging from inhibition to enhancement, but the reasons for such differences are not understood. We studied isoprene emission characteristics of hybrid aspen (Populus tremula x P. tremuloides) grown under ambient (380 μmol mol−1) and elevated (780 μmol mol−1) [CO2] to test the hypothesis that growth [CO2] effects on isoprene emission are driven by modifications in substrate pool size, reflecting altered light use efficiency for isoprene synthesis. A novel in vivo method for estimation of the pool size of the immediate isoprene precursor, dimethylallyldiphosphate (DMADP) and the activity of isoprene synthase was used. Growth at elevated [CO2] resulted in greater leaf thickness, more advanced development of mesophyll and moderately increased photosynthetic capacity due to morphological “upregulation”, but isoprene emission rate under growth light and temperature was not significantly different among ambient‐ and elevated‐[CO2]‐grown plants independent of whether measured at 380 μmol mol−1 or 780 μmol mol−1 CO2. However, DMADP pool size was significantly less in elevated‐[CO2]‐grown plants, but this was compensated by increased isoprene synthase activity. Analysis of CO2 and light response curves of isoprene emission demonstrated that the [CO2] for maximum isoprene emission was shifted to lower [CO2] in elevated‐[CO2]‐grown plants. The light‐saturated isoprene emission rate (Imax,Q) was greater, but the quantum efficiency at given Imax,Q was less in elevated‐[CO2]‐grown plants, especially at higher CO2 measurement concentration, reflecting stronger DMADP limitation at lower light and higher [CO2]. These results collectively demonstrate important shifts in light and CO2‐responsiveness of isoprene emission in elevated‐[CO2]‐acclimated plants that need consideration in modeling isoprene emissions in future climates.
Epistasis and immunity: the role of genetic interactions in autoimmune diseases
Authors: Rose Anna M. , Bell Lucy C. K. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryAutoimmune disorders are a complex and varied group of diseases that are caused by breakdown of self‐tolerance. The aetiology of autoimmunity is multi‐factorial, with both environmental triggers and genetically determined risk factors. In recent years, it has been increasingly recognized that genetic risk factors do not act in isolation, but rather the combination of individual additive effects, gene–gene interactions and gene–environment interactions determine overall risk of autoimmunity. The importance of gene–gene interactions, or epistasis, has been recently brought into focus, with research demonstrating that many autoimmune diseases, including rheumatic arthritis, autoimmune glomerulonephritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and multiple sclerosis, are influenced by epistatic interactions. This review sets out to examine the basic mechanisms of epistasis, how epistasis influences the immune system and the role of epistasis in two major autoimmune conditions, systemic lupus erythematosus and multiple sclerosis.
Changes on colour parameters caused by high‐pressure processing of apple juice made from six different varieties
Authors: Falguera Víctor , Gatius Ferran , Ibarz Albert , Barbosa‐Cánovas Gustavo V. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryThe colour changes caused by high‐pressure processing at different temperatures of apple juice were investigated. Six apple varieties were used (Braeburn, Fuji, Gala, Golden Delicious, Granny Smith and Red Delicious), searching for the influence of the variety from two different approaches: a kinetic study, finding the best model for each one of them, and a multivariate study consisting of a principal component analysis of data. Although it had lower initial values, redness (a*) was more influenced by high pressure than yellowness (b*). The pattern followed by colour changes was found to be definitively dependent on the variety. High‐pressure processing affects in a stronger way the absorbances located near 400 nm (i.e. 400.5 nm in Fuji and 434.0 nm in Braeburn).
Fermented food products made with vegetable materials from tropical and warm countries: microbial and technological considerations
Authors: Demarigny Yann 
Published: July 2012

SummaryFor many centuries, human beings have made fermented food, responding to the need to prolong the shelf life of perishable raw materials. Among the latter, vegetable materials come in diverse forms – roots, cereals, fruits, etc. – and vary from one location to another, especially if we study the products made in tropical and warm parts of the world. Humankind has explored many ways to ferment foods. This has led to the development of a number of different products characterised by original microbial communities, specific nutritional properties and typical sensory features. However, facing tremendous difficulties – sanitary preoccupations, nutritional needs and variability of organoleptic quality – scientists and food makers are now at a crossroads. One strategy would be to deduce which major traits should be optimised from a careful analysis of these products. The addition of selected starters may emerge from this as a good course of action. However, in this article, we consider that the use of traditional approaches – spontaneous fermentation and backslopping – is compatible with the search for higher quality in these products, on condition, though, that certain hygienic rules are respected and sufficient knowledge of microorganisms and raw materials is acquired.