bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La programmation déterministe du budget de capital : un modèle financier
Authors: Chateau Jean-Pierre D. 
Published: July 2012

The financial model presented in the article attempts to further integrate capital budgeting into the firm's overall financial planning policy. Although it is an extension and generalization of Bernhard and Weingartner's previous models, it differs from these works by some basic assumptions related to both the objective function and constraint set.
First, the objective function stresses the growing role of managerial discretion as opposed to the common assumption of maximizing shareholders' wealth. In particular we assume that managers wish to maximize the size of the firm under their control at the end of some future time horizon. Since net cash flows of the investment projects selected are sources of future investment funds, the managers try to keep the shareholders' dividends to a minimum level, sufficient enough however to pacify them.
Secondly, the model constraints embody the complete set of financial instruments available to the corporation managers: in a sense, this enlarges the previous models' short-term external financing facilities by considering simultaneously the alternative long-term external financial instruments, namely equity and bond issues. In the latter case, the refunding features are incorporated in the constraints. The constraints also imply that managers prefer steady growth of net cash flows through time. This contrasts with the usual maximization approach which has been shown to favor long-term investment projects with somewhat more erratic net cash flows.
The derivation of the Kuhn and Tucker conditions for the model allows us to show the impact of the opportunity cost of the various instruments on that of the liquidity requirement and the investment projects selection criterion. Finally, the duality properties also highlight the reciprocal relationships existing between the various opportunity costs, both internal and external.
Inflation, impôts sur le revenu et revenu réel disponible
Authors: Lizee Ruth Rose 
Published: July 2012

The purpose of this text is to examine how federal and Quebec provincial income tax policies have affected real disposable income of taxpayers in the context of the rapid inflation of the last five years. It finds that the net effect of federal fiscal reform since 1970 has been to make the tax structure more progressive. Low-income taxpayers have benefitted from lower tax rates in real terms but real tax rates have risen for those with incomes above approximately $14,000. On the provincial level, on the other hand, there has been virtually no change in the tax structure except for an increase in the threshold level below which no tax is paid. All, except the very poorest taxpayers (single persons earning less than $2,578 in 1970 or $3,200 in 1974 and married couples with two children earning less than $5,200 in 1970 or $6,300 in 1974), have paid higher taxes in real terms every year from 1970 to 1974. This is true even when provincial family allowances (which the province considers as a tax credit and as a substitute for personal exemptions for children under 16) are deducted from provincial income tax.
The net result of federal and provincial tax policies, family allowance payments and deductions for various social security programs is as follows: real disposable income increased for single persons earning less than $4,000 in 1970 ($5,000 in 1974) and for two-children families earning less than $8,000 ($10,000 in 1974); it stayed about the same for single persons earning between $4,000 and $6,000 ($5,000 to $7,500 in 1974) and families earning $8,000 to $10,000 ($10,000 to $12,500 in 1974) in 1970; it fell for those with higher levels of income.
Genetic inheritance of resistance to cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus in cowpea
Authors: Orawu Martin , Melis Rob , Laing Mark , Derera John 
Published: July 2012

AbstractCowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV) is a major virus disease in Uganda that causes substantial loss of the cowpea crop especially in growth and yield. The mode of gene action conferring resistance to the virus is not well understood. The objective of the study was to determine the genetic inheritance of resistance in cowpea crosses. Three susceptible (S) cowpea landraces that are commonly grown by farmers were crossed with five introduced resistant cowpea varieties in accordance with a North Carolina mating design II scheme. The F1, F2 and BC1F1 progenies generated were evaluated in the field together with their parents. They were then infected with two infection methods namely: by spreader-rows of S cultivar (Ebelat) and artificial inoculation of virus extracts. The results obtained showed that general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) effects were significant, indicating that both additive and non-additive gene effects controlled virus infection. The results further demonstrated that the GCA effects (59.8 %) were more important than SCA effects (40.2 %) in determining virus resistance in the cowpea varieties. Utilisation of good general combiners of the varieties MU-93, IT82D-516-2, SECOW-2W and IT85F-2841 in hybridisation to improve virus resistance in cowpea crosses would be recommended. The result of this study provided an indication that CABMV resistance was conditioned by more than one recessive gene in eight populations, but also revealed resistance to be conditioned by a single recessive gene in the other seven populations. Observation of continuous distribution of progenies for severity data in the F2 populations also confirmed significance of quantitative inheritance for CABMV resistance. Therefore, the significance of GCA effects suggests that recurrent selection could be applied to accumulate the additive genes for resistance in F2 populations.
Epidemiologie - Ausbildung in Deutschland
Authors: Grill Eva 
Published: July 2012

Einleitung
Mittlerweile gibt es in Deutschland mehrere Master-Studiengänge für Epidemiologie. Ungeachtet der typischen Berufsfelder lehrt die Epidemiologie fundamentale wissenschaftliche Kulturtechniken und ist oft wichtiger Bestandteil anderer gesundheitsorientierter Studiengänge. Public Health funktioniert nicht ohne Epidemiologie. Die Epidemiologie-Ausbildung tut gut daran, sich in Public Health zu verankern, um nicht im Elfenbeinturm zu verschwinden.
Regionale Gesundheitsberichterstattung und Prävention
Authors: Kuhn Joseph 
Published: July 2012

Einleitung
Gesundheitsberichterstattung stützt sich auf die Epidemiologie, geht aber nicht darin auf. Sie hat vielmehr eine gesundheitspolitische Zwecksetzung. Die regionale Gesundheitsberichterstattung war bereits in ihrer historischen Genese stark präventiv geprägt, ein Charakteristikum, das zwischenzeitlich verloren ging, neuerdings aber wieder stärker hervortritt.
Das Berliner Herzinfarktregister als Beispiel für ein klinisches Register
Authors: Maier Birga , Behrens Steffen , Busse Reinhard , Jonitz Günther , Schoeller Ralph , Schuehlen Helmut , Theres Heinz 
Published: July 2012

Einleitung
Vertreter fast aller Berliner kardiologischen Abteilungen haben sich seit 1998 im Rahmen des Berliner Herzinfarktregisters (BHIR) zusammengeschlossen, um die stationäre Versorgung von Herzinfarktpatienten in Berlin zu sichern und zu verbessern. Ende 2011 nahmen berlinweit 20 Klinikstandorte, davon 17 kardiologische Abteilungen mit Linksherzkathetermessplatz am BHIR teil. Anfang 2012 waren in den am BHIR teilnehmenden Kliniken Daten von mehr als 25.000 Patienten erfasst.
Relevanz epidemiologischer Daten Für Public Health
Authors: Brzoska Patrick , Razum Oliver 
Published: July 2012

Einleitung
Die Epidemiologie ist eine Kerndisziplin von Public Health. Sie untersucht die Häufigkeit und den Zusammenhang von gesundheitsrelevanten Ereignissen (Outcomes) und ihren Einflussfaktoren (Risikofaktoren oder Expositionen) in der Bevölkerung. Epidemiologische Daten sind ein wichtiger Teil von Entscheidungsprozessen im Gesundheitswesen. Sie ermöglichen es, gesundheitliche Probleme zu quantifizieren sowie notwendige Public-Health-Maßnahmen abzuleiten und zu evaluieren.
Which Lower Limb Frontal Plane Sensory and Motor Functions Predict Gait Speed and Efficiency on Uneven Surfaces in Older Persons With Diabetic Neuropathy?
Authors: Allet Lara , Kim Hogene , Ashton‐Miller James A. , Richardson James K. 
Published: July 2012

ObjectiveTo identify which frontal plane lower limb sensorimotor functions predict gait speed and efficiency (step‐width‐to‐step‐length ratio) on an uneven surface.DesignCross‐sectional observational study.SettingA biomechanics research laboratory.ParticipantsThirty‐three subjects (14 women [42.4%]; 21 with diabetic distal symmetric peripheral neuropathy [63.6%]), with a spectrum of lower limb sensorimotor functions that ranged from normal to marked diabetic neuropathy.MethodsIndependent variables included ankle inversion‐eversion proprioceptive thresholds, and normalized measures of maximum voluntary strength and maximum rate of torque development (RTD) of hip abduction‐adduction and ankle inversion‐eversion. Kinematic data were obtained by using an optoelectronic system as subjects walked over an uneven 10‐m surface.Main Outcome MeasuresDependent variables included gait speed and efficiency (determined by step‐width‐to‐step‐length ratio) on an uneven surface.ResultsHip adduction RTD and ankle inversion RTD predicted 54% of gait speed, with the former predicting the majority (44%). Ankle inversion RTD was the only significant predictor of gait efficiency, which accounted for 46% of its variability. Age did not predict gait speed or efficiency.ConclusionsThe rapid generation of strength in the frontal plane at the hip and ankle is responsible for the successful negotiation of irregular surfaces in older persons. Age demonstrated no independent influence. Training regimens in older persons should include maneuvers that rapidly develop strength in hip adductors and ankle invertors if navigation of uneven surfaces is a functional goal.
Modelling information‐seeking behaviour of graduate students at Kuwait University
Authors: Al‐Muomen Nujoud , Morris Anne , Maynard Sally 
Published: July 2012

PurposeThis paper seeks to report the results of research conducted to model the information‐seeking behaviour of graduate students at Kuwait University and the factors influencing that behaviour.Design/methodology/approachThe research employed a number of different approaches: a questionnaire survey to 800 graduate students studying at Kuwait University; a questionnaire survey to 180 academics at the university; semi‐structured interviews with eight academics; face‐to‐face and online interviews with 11 university library staff, four focus groups with 24 students and three focus groups with ten faculty staff.FindingsSignificant factors influencing students' information‐seeking behaviour were found to be related to library awareness, information literacy, organisational and environmental issues, source characteristics, and demographics (specifically gender and nationality).Research limitations/implicationsThe research focused on graduate students at a Kuwait University which is affiliated to the government sector, however, the information seeking model is more widely applicable, particularly to other developing countries.Originality/valueProposed is an information‐seeking model that extended two other relevant and influential models of information‐seeking behaviour. The extended model shows promise for its intended utility in identifying factors that influence the information behaviour of graduate students.
Development of Arabic library and information science
Authors: Saif Al‐Aufi Ali , Johan Lor Peter 
Published: July 2012

PurposeThis paper aims to utilize Whitley's theory of the intellectual and social organization of the sciences and build on research carried on by Aareket al., Vakkari, Rochester and Vakkari, and Åström, to analyze both intellectual and institutional characteristics of Arabic library and information science (LIS).Design/methodology/approachData derived from a content analysis of sampled research articles published in seven core peer‐reviewed Arabic LIS journals and from an inventory of the currently identified Arabic LIS educational institutions, professional associations, and scholarly communication channels were analyzed in terms of Whitley's theory and relevant LIS research.FindingsThe social organization of Arabic LIS has highly influenced its intellectual organization. An analysis of types and diversity of institutional affiliations, determination of terminology, resources and fund accessibility, scholarly communication of intellectual productivity, and research collaboration point to high levels of “tasks uncertainty”, low levels of “mutual dependency” and uncontrolled “reputational autonomy”.Research limitations/implicationsBecause Arabic LIS institutions, associations, and research channels are poorly represented on the internet or in accessible literature, it was difficult to collect data comprehensively. While the findings are suggestive and are in agreement with views from the Arabic LIS literature, the results cannot be generalized to regions beyond the Arab world. This investigation is not primarily intended as a contribution to the philosophy of LIS, but to describe the development of LIS in the Arab States within a broad social and intellectual framework.Originality/valueWhile there is a considerable body of theoretically‐oriented interpretations for bibliometric findings, no research has been conducted to analyze the social and intellectual dimensions of LIS in the Arab world. This paper also fills a gap for this type of the research in Arabic LIS and creates awareness of Arabic LIS for English‐speaking readers.
Measuring the web impact of digitised scholarly resources
Authors: Eccles Kathryn E. , Thelwall Mike , Meyer Eric T. 
Published: July 2012

PurposeWebometric studies, using hyperlinks between websites as the basic data type, have been used to assess academic networks, the “impact factor” of academic communications and to analyse the impact of online digital libraries, and the impact of digital scholarly images. This study aims to be the first to use these methods to trace the impact, or success, of digitised scholarly resources in the Humanities. Running alongside a number of other methods of measuring impact online, the webometric study described here also aims to assess whether it is possible to measure a resource's impact using webometric analysis.Design/methodology/approachLink data were collected for five target project sites and a range of comparator sites.FindingsThe results show that digitised resources online can leave traces that can be identified and used to assess their impact. Where digitised resources are situated on shifting URLs, or amalgamated into larger online resources, their impact is difficult to measure with these methods, however.Originality/valueThis study is the first to use webometric methods to probe the impact of digitised scholarly resources in the Humanities.
Journal peer review as an information retrieval process
Authors: Bornmann Lutz , Egghe Leo 
Published: July 2012

PurposeIn editorial peer review systems of journals, one does not always accept the best papers. Due to different human perceptions, the evaluation of papers by peer review (for a journal) can be different from the impact that a paper has after its publication (measured by number of citations received) in this or another journal. This system (and corresponding problems) is similar to the information retrieval process in a documentary system. Also there, one retrieves not always the most relevant documents for a certain topic. This is so because the topic is described in the command language of the documentary system and this command does not always completely cover the “real topic” that one wants to describe. This paper aims to address this issue.Design/methodology/approachBased on this statement classical information retrieval evaluation techniques were applied to the evaluation of peer review systems. Basic in such an information retrieval evaluation are the notions of precision and recall and the precision‐recall‐curve. Such notions are introduced here for the evaluation of peer review systems.FindingsThe analogues of precision and recall are defined and their curve constructed based on peer review data from the journal Angewandte Chemie – International Edition and on citation impact data of accepted papers by this journal or rejected but published elsewhere papers. It is concluded that, due to the imperfect peer review process (based on human evaluation), if we want to publish a high amount of qualified papers (the ones we seek), several non‐qualified papers should also be accepted.Originality/valueThe authors conclude that, due to the imperfect peer review process (based on human evaluation), if we want to publish a high amount of qualified papers (the ones we seek), one will also accept several non‐qualified papers.
Harvesting footnotes in a rural field: citation patterns in Swedish literary studies
Authors: Hammarfelt Björn 
Published: July 2012

PurposeThe aim of this article is to study a locally‐oriented and book‐based research field using two Swedish language sources. Knowledge about citation patterns outside journal‐based, English language databases is scarce; thus a substantial part of research in the humanities and the social sciences is neglected in bibliometric studies.Design/methodology/approachCitation characteristics (publication type, language, gender and age) in the journalTidskrift för Litteraturvetenskap(2000‐2009) and in grant applications (2006‐2009) are studied. The datasets are analyzed further, adopting an author‐co‐citation approach for depicting and comparing the “intellectual base” of the field.FindingsIt is shown that monographs and anthologies are the main publication channel in Swedish literary research. English, followed by Swedish, is the major language, and the gender of authors seems to influence citation practices. Furthermore, a common intellectual base of literary studies that is independent of publication type and language could be identified.Practical implicationsBibliometric analysis of fields within the humanities needs to go beyond established databases and materials. The extensive use of recent English language monographs in Swedish literary studies informs the acquisition policy of university libraries serving literature scholars.Originality/valueCitation analysis of non‐English sources offers further knowledge about scholarly fields with a local and “rural” profile. The approach of using references in grant applications provides a novel and promising venue for bibliometric research.
LIS research on information sharing activities – people, places, or information
Authors: Pilerot Ola 
Published: July 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to investigate and critically examine conceptualisations of information sharing activities in a selection of library and information science (LIS) literature.Design/methodology/approachIn order to explore how LIS researchers define the concept of information sharing, and how the concept is connected with theory, empirical material and other supporting concepts, a literature review and a conceptual meta‐analysis was carried out on 35 papers and one monograph. The analysis was based on Waismann's concept of open texture, Wittgenstein's notion of language games and the concept of meaning holism.FindingsSix theoretical frameworks were identified. These are not found to be incommensurable, but can be used as building blocks for an integrative framework. Ambiguous conceptualisations are frequent. Different conceptualisations tend to emphasize different aspects of information sharing activities: that which is shared; those who are sharing; and the location in which the sharing activities take place. The commonalities of the people involved in information sharing activities are often seen as a ground for the development of information sharing practices.Practical implicationsThe findings provide a guide for future research which intends to explore activities of information sharing.Originality/valueThe article offers a systematic review of recent LIS literature on information sharing, and extends the theoretical base for information sharing research.
User verification of the FRBR conceptual model
Authors: Pisanski Jan , Žumer Maja 
Published: July 2012

PurposeThis paper aims to build on of a previous study of mental models of the bibliographic universe, which found that the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) conceptual model is intuitive.Design/methodology/approachA total of 120 participants were presented with a list of bibliographic entities and six graphs each. They were asked to choose the graph they thought best represented the relationships between entities described.FindingsThe graph based on the FRBR model was chosen by more than half of the participants and none of the alternatives stood out. This gives further indication that FRBR is an appropriate model of the bibliographic universe from users' standpoint.Research limitations/implicationsThe study only looked at the textual part of the bibliographic universe. Further research is needed for other types of materials.Practical implicationsThis research suggests that there should be a more positive attitude towards implementation of FRBR‐based catalogues.Originality/valueThis is one of only a handful of user studies relating to FRBR, which looks to be the backbone of catalogues for years to come. As such, the results should be of interest to everybody involved with catalogues, from cataloguers to the end‐users.
OAIS functional model conformance test: a proposed measurement
Authors: Laughton Paul 
Published: July 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop a test for data centres, repositories and archives to determine OAIS functional model conformance. The test developed was carried out among the World Data Centre (WDC) member data centres. The method used to develop the OAIS functional model conformance test is discussed, along with the test results.Design/methodology/approachTo conduct the OAIS functional model conformance test, a quantitative approach in the format of an online survey was used. This was part of a mixed methods research project.FindingsThe test developed did produce a means for quantifying OAIS functional model conformance. The mean score for the 26 WDC member data centres that completed the test was 62.08 out of a possible 92. The highest scoring WDC member data centre obtained a score of 90, while the lowest score obtained was 27.Research limitations/implicationsThis test was only conducted among a relatively small sample, making it difficult to generalise the results obtained and determine how effectively the OAIS functional model conformance test measured conformance. It remains a challenge to quantify data curation practices with regard to the OAIS functional model.Originality/valueThe OAIS functional model conformance test is the first attempt at quantifying OAIS functional model compliance.