bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tight Regulation of Diacylglycerol-Mediated Signaling Is Critical for Proper Invariant NKT Cell Development
Authors: Shen Shudan , Wu Jinhong , Srivatsan Sruti , Gorentla Balachandra K. , Shin Jinwook , Xu Li , Zhong Xiao-Ping 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Type I NKT cells, or invariant NKT (iNKT) cells, express a semi-invariant TCR characterized by its unique Vα14-Jα18 usage (iVα14TCR). Upon interaction with glycolipid/CD1d complexes, the iVα14TCRs transduce signals that are essential for iNKT selection and maturation. However, it remains unclear how these signals are regulated and how important such regulations are during iNKT development. Diacylglycerol (DAG) is an essential second messenger downstream of the TCR that activates the protein kinase Cθ-IκB kinase (IKK)α/β-NF-κB pathway, known to be crucial for iNKT development, as well as the RasGRP1–Ras-Erk1/2 pathway in T cells. DAG kinases play an important role in controlling intracellular DAG concentration and thereby negatively regulate DAG signaling. In this article, we report that simultaneous absence of DAG kinase α and ζ causes severe defects in iNKT development, coincident with enhanced IKK-NF-κB and Ras-Erk1/2 activation. Moreover, constitutive IKKβ and Ras activities also result in iNKT developmental defects. Thus, DAG-mediated signaling is not only essential but also needs to be tightly regulated for proper iNKT cell development.
SIRPα/CD172a Regulates Eosinophil Homeostasis
Authors: Verjan Garcia Noel , Umemoto Eiji , Saito Yasuyuki , Yamasaki Mikako , Hata Erina , Matozaki Takashi , Murakami Masaaki , Jung Yun-Jae , Woo So-Youn , Seoh Ju-Young , Jang Myoung Ho , Aozasa Katsuyuki , Miyasaka Masayuki 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Eosinophils are abundant in the lamina propria of the small intestine, but they rarely show degranulation in situ under steady-state conditions. In this study, using two novel mAbs, we found that intestinal eosinophils constitutively expressed a high level of an inhibitory receptor signal regulatory protein α (SIRPα)/CD172a and a low, but significant, level of a tetraspanin CD63, whose upregulation is closely associated with degranulation. Cross-linking SIRPα/CD172a on the surface of wild-type eosinophils significantly inhibited the release of eosinophil peroxidase induced by the calcium ionophore A23187, whereas this cross-linking effect was not observed in eosinophils isolated from mice expressing a mutated SIRPα/CD172a that lacks most of its cytoplasmic domain (SIRPα Cyto−/−). The SIRPα Cyto−/− eosinophils showed reduced viability, increased CD63 expression, and increased eosinophil peroxidase release with or without A23187 stimulation in vitro. In addition, SIRPα Cyto−/− mice showed increased frequencies of Annexin V-binding eosinophils and free MBP+CD63+ extracellular granules, as well as increased tissue remodeling in the small intestine under steady-state conditions. Mice deficient in CD47, which is a ligand for SIRPα/CD172a, recapitulated these phenomena. Moreover, during Th2-biased inflammation, increased eosinophil cell death and degranulation were obvious in a number of tissues, including the small intestine, in the SIRPα Cyto−/− mice compared with wild-type mice. Collectively, our results indicated that SIRPα/CD172a regulates eosinophil homeostasis, probably by interacting with CD47, with substantial effects on eosinophil survival. Thus, SIRPα/CD172a is a potential therapeutic target for eosinophil-associated diseases.
Functional Capacity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Specific T Cell Responses in Humans Is Associated with Mycobacterial Load
Authors: Day Cheryl L. , Abrahams Deborah A. , Lerumo Lesedi , Janse van Rensburg Esme , Stone Lynnett , O’rie Terrence , Pienaar Bernadette , de Kock Marwou , Kaplan Gilla , Mahomed Hassan , Dheda Keertan , Hanekom Willem A. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
High Ag load in chronic viral infections has been associated with impairment of Ag-specific T cell responses; however, the relationship between Ag load in chronic Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and functional capacity of M. tuberculosis-specific T cells in humans is not clear. We compared M. tuberculosis-specific T cell-associated cytokine production and proliferative capacity in peripheral blood from adults with progressively higher mycobacterial loads—that is, persons with latent M. tuberculosis infection (LTBI), with smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), and smear-positive TB. Patients with smear-positive TB had decreased polyfunctional IFN-γ+IL-2+TNF-α+ and IL-2–producing specific CD4 T cells and increased TNF-α single-positive cells, when compared with smear-negative TB and LTBI. TB patients also had increased frequencies of M. tuberculosis-specific CD8 T cells, compared with LTBI. M. tuberculosis-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell proliferative capacity was profoundly impaired in individuals with smear-positive TB, and correlated positively with ex vivo IFN-γ+IL-2+TNF-α+ CD4 T cells, and inversely with TNF-α single-positive CD4 T cells. During 6 mo of anti-TB treatment, specific IFN-γ+IL-2+TNF-α+ CD4 and CD8 T cells increased, whereas TNF-α and IFN-γ single-positive T cells decreased. These results suggest progressive impairment of M. tuberculosis-specific T cell responses with increasing mycobacterial load and recovery of responses during therapy. Furthermore, these data provide a link between specific cytokine-producing subsets and functional capacity of M. tuberculosis-specific T cells, and between the presence of specific CD8 T cells ex vivo and active TB disease. These data have potentially significant applications for the diagnosis of TB and for the identification of T cell correlates of TB disease progression.
Ingestible Device for Gastric Fluid Sampling
Authors: Mandsberg Nikolaj Kofoed , Moro Gafaru , Ghavami Mahdi , Andersen Sandra B. , de Visser Eva Nedergaard , Bertelsen Mads Frost , Mortensen Martin Steen , Licht Tine Rask , Boisen Anja 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe composition of the human gastrointestinal microbiota is linked to the health of the host, and interventions targeting intestinal microbes may thus be designed to prevent or mitigate disease. As the spatiotemporal structure and physiology impact the residing bacterial community, local sampling is gaining attention, with various ingestible sampling devices being developed to target specific sites. However, the stomach has received limited attention, despite its potential downstream influence. This work presents a simple ingestible device for gastric fluid sampling and outlines a series of characterizations to ensure device safety, reliability, and accuracy. In vitro testing determined seal effectiveness, mechanical integrity, biocompatibility, and device‐sample inertness. In situ and ex vivo testing confirmed sampling accuracy, demonstrated microbiome composition stability for at least 24 h, and differentiation of microbiota between two primates. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of samples from a porcine ingestion model showed that samples resembled post‐mortem gastric samples and differed from fecal and colonic samples. Also addressed in this study, is production scalability and shelf‐life to facilitate the safe and effective deployment of devices in clinical settings.
Sicher, sauber und genau zu leistungsfähigen BatteriezellenBatteriezellen
Authors: Wunderle Tim 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBei der Herstellung von Batteriezellen kommt es auf Sicherheit, Hygiene und Präzision an. Die verwendeten Materialien sind zum Teil hochgiftig und leicht entflammbar, weshalb Staubemissionen auf ein Minimum reduziert werden müssen. Gleichzeitig muss die Einhaltung der Rezeptur bei der Herstellung der Batteriemasse gewährleistet sein und das Produkt darf nicht kontaminiert werden. Diese unterschiedlichen Anforderungen in Einklang zu bringen, ist insbesondere bei der Dosierung der Rohstoffe eine Herausforderung.
Autonome Transportfahrzeuge in der Batteriefabrik
Authors: Mau Gunthart 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUm den Bedarf an Batterien bedienen zu können, werden aktuell immer mehr Batteriewerke in Europa gebaut. Im neuen Werk eines nordeuropäischen Batterieherstellers sind mobile Systeme von SEW‐Eurodrive im Einsatz. Die Besonderheit dieser fahrerlosen Transportfahrzeuge (FTF) ist ihr Edelstahl‐Aufbau. Diese spezielle Entwicklung ermöglicht den Einsatz in Reinraumapplikationen der Klasse ISO 6, z. B. beim kontrollierten Ein‐ und Ausschleuseprozessen.
Sichere Forschungsarbeiten an Kathodenmaterialien
Authors: Schlichting Maren 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDieser Anstieg der Batterieproduktion wird durch Innovationen in der Kathoden‐Zellchemie begleitet, da die Kathode ein zentraler Bestandteil von Lithium‐Ionen‐Batteriezellen ist. Forschungsarbeiten am Zellmaterial erfordern den Umgang mit Schwermetallen wie Kobalt, der aufgrund seiner Giftigkeit eine umfassende Sicherheitsvorkehrung für die Beschäftigten erfordert. Containment ist im Umgang mit den Batteriematerial ein wichtiger Sicherheitsfaktor.
Wie sich der Mittelstand für das PFAS‐Verbot wappnet
Authors: Kletschke Julia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDie Wirtschaft sieht sich aktuell mit der Implementierung des Europäischen Grünen Deals konfrontiert. Die Initiative der Europäischen Union, welche darauf abzielt, Europa bis 2050 zum ersten klimaneutralen Kontinent zu machen und dabei Wirtschaftswachstum von der Ressourcennutzung zu entkoppeln, besteht aus einem weit gespannten legislativen Paket. Dieses erstreckt sich über unzählige regulatorische Felder, darunter das PFAS‐Verbot, und betrifft dabei auch maßgeblich die Dichtungsindustrie.
Durchbruch mit Quantenchemie
Authors: Mostertz Mathias 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDas Berliner Cleantech‐Unternehmen C1 hat es geschafft, die Produktion von grünem Methanol Mithilfe der Vorhersagekraft der Quantenchemie in computergestützten Katalysesimulationen, einen vollständig autonomen und kontinuierlichen Methanolproduktionslauf durchzuführen ‐ ein Prozess, der normalerweise viele Jahre dauert. Die Ergebnisse bestätigten die Vorhersagen aus den Simulationen.
Aufrüstung von Tankmesssystemen
Authors: Post Daniel 
Published: May 2024

AbstractKommunikationstechnische Kompatibilitätsprobleme können Betreiber von Tanklägern daran hindern, ihre veralteten Füllstandsmessgeräte durch genauere und zuverlässigere Alternativen, wie Radarmessgeräte, zu ersetzen. Eine Lösung für dieses Problem bietet die Messgeräteemulation, die bei entsprechend verfügbarem Budget eine schrittweise Aufrüstung von Tankmesssystemen mit nur minimalen Betriebsunterbrechungen ermöglicht.
Utility and performance of cell blocks in cerebrospinal fluid cytology: Experience at two teaching hospitals
Authors: Yoon Hyeji , Chen Constance V. , Krishnan Vimal , Grochowski Jill , Iezza Gioia , Vohra Poonam , Balassanian Ronald , Greenland Nancy Y. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundCytology cell blocks (CBs) are not routinely made for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens. The goal of this study was to identify when CSF CB preparation improves diagnostic performance.Materials and MethodsUnder institutional review board approval, a retrospective review of CSF cytology cases was conducted at a tertiary university‐based hospital and an affiliated county hospital. Patient history, CSF volume, final diagnosis, use of stains, and whether the CB was contributory was determined from the cytopathology report. CSF nucleated cell count data was obtained from the medical record.ResultsA total of 69 CSF specimens with CBs from January 2006 to March 2023 were identified from 61 patients. The median CSF volume was 8 mL (interquartile range, 4–13 mL; range, 1–800 mL), with immunohistochemical stains performed on 29 (42%) cases. Per cytology report, CB was contributory in 23 cases (33%), not contributory in 34 cases (49%), and not discussed in 12 cases (17%). The median volume was 8 mL for cases in which CB was contributory, not contributory, or not discussed. There was no difference in average nucleated cell counts between cases in which CB was contributory versus not contributory (73.9 vs. 40.0, p = .175).ConclusionsCBs for CSF samples were contributory in a subset (33%) of cases. The authors were unable to identify any specific pre‐analytic factors, including specimen volume and average nucleated cell counts, for cases in which CB was contributory. Further evaluation is needed to identify if there are scenarios in which CSF CBs should be routinely prepared.
Investigation of the mechanisms behind ochratoxin A‐induced cytotoxicity in human astrocytes and the protective effects of N‐acetylcysteine
Authors: Chu Che‐Sheng , Chen Ying‐Tso , Liang Wei‐Zhe 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOchratoxin A (OTA) is a type of mycotoxin commonly found in raw and processed foods. It is essential to be aware of this toxin, as it can harm your health if consumed in high quantities. OTA can induce toxic effects in various cell models. However, a more comprehensive understanding of the harmful effects of OTA on human astrocytes is required. This study evaluated OTA's neurotoxic effects on the Gibco® Human Astrocyte (GHA) cell line, its underlying mechanisms, and the antioxidant N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) ability to prevent them. OTA exposure within 5–30 μM has induced concentration‐dependent cytotoxicity. In the OTA‐treated cells, the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were found to be significantly increased, while the glutathione (GSH) contents were found to decrease considerably. The western blotting of OTA‐treated cells has revealed increased Bax, cleaved caspase‐9/caspase‐3 protein levels, and increased Bax/Bcl‐2 ratio. In addition, exposure to OTA has resulted in the induction of antioxidant responses associated with the protein expressions of Nrf2, HO‐1, and NQO1. On the other hand, the pretreatment with NAC has partially alleviated the significant toxic effects of OTA. In conclusion, our findings suggest that oxidative stress and apoptosis are involved in the OTA‐induced cytotoxicity in GHA cells. NAC could act as a protective agent against OTA‐induced oxidative damage.
Cosmic clues: DESI, dark energy, and the cosmological constant problem
Authors: Yin Wen 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Several attempts to solve the cosmological constant problem, which concerns the value of the cosmological constant being extremely smaller than the Standard Model mass scales, have introduced a scalar field with a very flat potential that can be approximated as linear around any given position. The scalar field scans the cosmological constant in such a way that the current small value is explained. Recently, Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) reported the results of the first year. Combining the data with CMB, Pantheon, Union3, and/or DES-SN5YR, there is a preference or anomaly, indicating that the dark energy in the current Universe slightly deviates from that in the ΛCDM model and varies over time. In this paper, I show that the simple linear potential of a scalar field that may explain the small cosmological constant, can explain the DESI anomaly. The conclusions do not change by including or not including a thermal friction effect. In particular, the model proposed by the present author in [1], which relaxes the cosmological constant by the condition that inflation ends, predicts a time-dependence of the dark energy close to the one favored by the data.
A Geth-based real-time detection system for sandwich attacks in Ethereum
Authors: Li Dongze , Zhang Kejia , Wang Lei , Du Gang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWith the rapid development of the Ethereum ecosystem and the increasing applications of decentralized finance (DeFi), the security research of smart contracts and blockchain transactions has attracted more and more attention. In particular, front-running attacks on the Ethereum platform have become a major security concern. These attack strategies exploit the transparency and certainty of the blockchain, enabling attackers to gain unfair economic benefits by manipulating the transaction order. This study proposes a sandwich attack detection system integrated into the go-Ethereum client (Geth). This system, by analyzing transaction data streams, effectively detects and defends against front-running and sandwich attacks. It achieves real-time analysis of transactions within blocks, quickly and effectively identifying abnormal patterns and potential attack behaviors. The system has been optimized for performance, with an average processing time of 0.442 s per block and an accuracy rate of 83%. Response time for real-time detection new blocks is within 5 s, with the majority occurring between 1 and 2 s, which is considered acceptable. Research findings indicate that as a part of the go-Ethereum client, this detection system helps enhance the security of the Ethereum blockchain, contributing to the protection of DeFi users’ private funds and the safety of smart contracts. The primary contribution of this study lies in offering an efficient blockchain transaction monitoring system, capable of accurately detecting sandwich attack transactions within blocks while maintaining normal operation speeds as a full node.
Next Generation’s energy misperception
Authors: Casamassima Alessia , Morone Andrea , Garcìa Jordi Perdiguero 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe aim of this work is to investigate the energy misperception of different sources among the “Next Generation” group. The analysis is carried out in Italy and the data were obtained through an internet-based survey, administered via Instagram to capture the Next Generation’s perception of the national energy mix. We found that younger have more misperceptions and one of the possible explanations could be that they are more negatively affected by media and social media, or public opinion in general. Another motivation could be that the younger generation considers sustainability important and therefore tends to over-perceive renewable energy sources.
Enhancing child mental health: a stepped care approach by mental health professionals at an early intervention and rehabilitation centre for children, in India
Authors: Nisarga Vinyas , Khar Prerna , Shah Henal 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAs per the Global Burden of Disease survey, in India, developmental disabilities are projected to affect more than 11 million children in the age group of less than 5 years. The highest percentage of persons with disability is in the age group of 10–19 years, amounting to 17% of the disabled population, and around 1.2% are disabled in the age group of 0–6 years. Research based evidence has reported that intervention provided at the early stages of development has been proven to be highly effective in addressing developmental challenges of children with special needs and improving their quality of life. This perspective has been written to highlight the importance of mental health professionals at a multidisciplinary integrated early intervention and rehabilitation centre for children with special needs in the country.
Advances in active down-conversion mixer linearity techniques: a comprehensive review
Authors: Vaghela Alkeshkumar , Koringa Hasmukh 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the modern era, the demand for high-speed communication has led to a growing preference for higher bandwidth. However, in wideband scenarios, the presence of neighboring bands can introduce nonlinearity issues in mixers. The RF stage and Switching stage are identified as the primary contributors to nonlinearity in down-conversion mixers. This article presents a basic principle as well as circuit architectures of the mixer, including a performance parameters comprehensive review of linearity improvement techniques employed in down-conversion mixers. The paper categorizes various previously reported methods to enhance the linearity of the RF stage into five approaches: (1) MGTR/Derivative superposition (DS), (2) Complementary DS (CDS), (3) noise cancellation (NC), (4) post distortion (PD), and (5) feedforward or feedback approach. These techniques aim to enhance the Second-order nonlinearity ($$g_{m}^{\prime }$$

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) or third-order nonlinearity ($$g_{m}^{\prime \prime }$$

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) of the RF stage. Among these approaches, Noise Cancellation (NC) methods demonstrate superior optimization in terms of Conversion Gain, Linearity, and Noise Figure. Furthermore, to improve the linearity of the switching stage in mixers, the static and dynamic current injection methods can be employed. The objective of this review is to contribute to the advancement of linearity improvement techniques for wideband active down-conversion mixers, while also facilitating future research and development in this field.
To Run the World
Authors: Radchenko Sergey 
Published: May 2024

What would it feel like To Run the World? The Soviet rulers spent the Cold War trying desperately to find out. In this panoramic new history of the conflict that defined the postwar era, Sergey Radchenko provides an unprecedented deep dive into the psychology of the Kremlin's decision-making. He reveals how the Soviet struggle with the United States and China reflected its irreconcilable ambitions as a self-proclaimed superpower and the leader of global revolution. This tension drove Soviet policies from Stalin's postwar scramble for territory to Khrushchev's reckless overseas adventurism and nuclear brinksmanship, Brezhnev's jockeying for influence in the third world, and Gorbachev's failed attempts to reinvent Moscow's claims to greatness. Perennial insecurities, delusions of grandeur, and desire for recognition propelled Moscow on a headlong quest for global power, with dire consequences and painful legacies that continue to shape our world.
Mapping private party funding regulation. Deregulation in sight?
Authors: Piccio Daniela R. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This article presents a longitudinal comparative analysis of the regulation of private funding to political parties in 15 West European democracies and explores how these rules have changed under the most recent wave of political finance reforms. In particular, the article questions whether a deregulation of political finance regulation may be in sight, with a downsizing of the role of the state in the political finance domain. While evidence does not support a clear movement toward deregulation, the article shows that the move from private to public subsidization may not be that irreversible as it seemed and that private funding to political parties is likely to become more prominent in the near future also in Europe.
Changes in the Attitudes of Slovenian Communist Leaders toward Yugoslav Statehood in the Late 1980s
Authors: Janíčko Michal 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This study examines how Slovenian communist leadership’s views on the Yugoslav state framework evolved in the late 1980s. To this end, the actions of Slovenian leaders during the procedure of amending the Yugoslav constitution and the discussions in the Slovenian party headquarters on the subject of relations in the federation are analyzed in detail. On the background of growing nationalism in public opinion in Slovenia, the communist leaders of the republic put themselves in an increasingly antagonistic position vis-à-vis the federal center. During 1987, they rejected several proposals for changes to the Yugoslav constitution, which they had initially agreed to based on an incorrect assessment of Slovenian public opinion. Then, in the summer of 1988, in the atmosphere of the Slovenian Spring, local leaders began to favor the weakening of the ties between the Yugoslav republics and redefinition of Yugoslavia as a confederation. Simultaneously, Slovenian politicians were also increasingly questioning some primary assumptions about the existence of the common state and radicalized their political methods in terms of promoting Slovenian interests at the federal level.