bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical Treatment of an Acetabular Fracture and Labral Tear With Suture Anchors in a 10-Year-Old Child
Authors: Mormor Meir , Matityahu Amir 
Published: November 2009

This article presents a case of a 10-year-old boy with a right acetabular fracture secondary to a direct blow to the pelvis and back. He sustained a right hip dislocation and transverse with posterior wall acetabular fracture with a nonconcentric hip joint after reduction. The fracture was treated with right labral and articular segment absorbable suture tie-down and relocation of the right hip into an anatomical position. At 32-month follow-up, the patient had returned to activities of daily living, he had a normal and symmetric gait pattern, and no pain on hip adduction, flexion, or internal rotation.
This technique reduced the fracture and labrum, relocated the hip joint, and obviated the need for hardware removal that is typically needed in the pediatric population. This case is distinctive due to the patient's young age and treatment method, which has not been described previously for the treatment of this rare pediatric fracture.
Intrinsic Surface Dipoles Control the Energy Levels of Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Heimel Georg , Salzmann Ingo , Duhm Steffen , Rabe Jürgen P. , Koch Norbert 
Published: November 2009

AbstractConjugated polymers are an important class of materials for organic electronics applications. There, the relative alignment of the electronic energy levels at ubiquitous organic/(in)organic interfaces is known to crucially impact device performance. On the prototypical example of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) and a fluorinated derivative, the energies of the ionization and affinity levels of π‐conjugated polymers are revealed to critically depend on the orientation of the polymer backbones with respect to such interfaces. Based on extensive first‐principles calculations, an intuitive electrostatic model is developed that quantitatively traces these observations back to intrinsic intramolecular surface dipoles arising from the π‐electron system and intramolecular polar bonds. The results shed new light on the working principles of organic electronic devices and suggest novel strategies for materials design.
Association study of bromodomain‐containing 1 gene with schizophrenia in Japanese population
Authors: Kushima Itaru , Aleksic Branko , Ikeda Masashi , Yamanouchi Yoshio , Kinoshita Yoko , Ito Yoshihito , Nakamura Yukako , Inada Toshiya , Iwata Nakao , Ozaki Norio 
Published: November 2009

AbstractChromosome 22q13 region has been implicated in schizophrenia in several linkage studies. Genes within this locus are therefore promising genetic and biologic candidate genes for schizophrenia if they are expressed in the brain or predicted to have some role in brain development. A recent study reported that bromodomain‐containing 1 gene (BRD1), located in 22q13, showed an association with schizophrenia in a Scottish population. Except for being a putative regulator of transcription, the precise function of BRD1 is not clear; however, expression analysis of BRD1 mRNA revealed widespread expression in mammalian brains. In our study, we explored the association of BRD1 with schizophrenia in a Japanese population (626 cases and 770 controls). In this association analysis, we first examined 10 directly genotyped single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 20 imputed SNPs. Second, we compared the BRD1 mRNA levels between cases and controls using lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) derived from 29 cases and 30 controls. Although the SNP (rs138880) that previously has been associated with schizophrenia showed the same trend in the Japanese population, no significant association was detected between BRD1 and schizophrenia in our study. Similarly, no significant differences in BRD1 mRNA levels in LCLs were detected. Taken together, we could not strongly show that common SNPs in the BRD1 gene account for a substantial proportion of the genetic risk for schizophrenia in the Japanese population.© 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The natural endocast of Taung (Australopithecus africanus): Insights from the unpublished papers of Raymond Arthur Dart
Authors: Falk Dean 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDart's 1925 announcement of Australopithecus africanus (Dart: Nature 115 [1925] 195–199) was highly controversial, partly because of an interpretation of the Taung natural endocast that rested on an erroneous identification of the lambdoid suture as the lunate sulcus. Unpublished materials from the University of Witwatersrand Archives (Dart, unpublished material) reveal that Dart reacted to the controversy by: 1) describing and illustrating the entire sulcal pattern on the Taung endocast, in contrast to just two sulcal identifications in 1925, 2) identifying a hypothetical part of the lambdoid suture and revising his description of the lunate sulcus, and 3) bolstering his argument that Taung's brain was advanced by detailing expansions in three significant cortical association areas. Four unpublished illustrations of Dart's identifications for sulci and sutures on the Taung endocast are compared here with those published by Keith (Keith: New discoveries relating to the antiquity of man (1931)), Schepers (Schepers: The endocranial casts of the South African ape‐men. In: Broom R, Schepers GWH, editors. The South African fossil ape‐men; the Australopithecinae [1946] p 155–272), and Falk (Falk: Am J Phys Anthropol 53 [1980] 525–539), and the thorny issue of the location of the lunate sulcus is revisited in light of new information. Archival materials reveal that Dart believed that Taung's brain was reorganized globally rather than in a mosaic manner, and that the shapes of certain cortical association areas showed that Australopithecus was closer to Pithecanthropus than to the living apes. Although a few of Dart's hitherto‐unpublished sulcal identifications, including his revision for the lunate sulcus, were questionable, his claim that the Taung endocast reproduced a shape that was advanced toward a human condition in its prefrontal cortex and caudally protruded occipital lobe was correct. Yrbk Phys Anthropol 52:49–65, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The natural landscape metaphor in information visualization: The role of commonsense geomorphology
Authors: Fabrikant Sara Irina , Montello Daniel R. , Mark David M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe landscape metaphor was one of the first methods used by the information visualization community to reorganize and depict document archives that are not inherently spatial. The motivation for the use of the landscape metaphor is that everyone intuitively understands landscapes. We critically examine the information visualization designer's ontologies for implementing spatialized landscapes with ontologies of the geographic domain held by lay people. In the second half of the article, we report on a qualitative study where we empirically assessed whether the landscape metaphor has explanatory power for users trying to make sense of spatialized views, and if so, in what ways. Specifically, we are interested in uncovering how lay people interpret hills and valleys in an information landscape, and whether their interpretation is congruent with the current scientific understanding of geomorphologic processes. Our empirical results suggest that neither developers' nor lay users' understanding of terrain visualizations is based on universal understanding of the true process that has shaped a natural landscape into hills and valleys, mountains, and canyons. Our findings also suggest that the information landscape metaphor for sense making of a document collection is not self‐evident to lay users, as claimed by information landscape designers. While a deep understanding of geomorphology will probably not be required to successfully use an information landscape, we do suggest that a coherent theory on how people use space will be necessary to produce cognitively useful information visualizations.
Simultaneous RP‐HPLC‐DAD quantification of bromocriptine, haloperidol and its diazepane structural analog in rat plasma with droperidol as internal standard for application to drug‐interaction pharmacokinetics
Authors: Billups Johnique , Jones Cynthia , Jackson Tanise L. , Ablordeppey Seth Y. , Spencer Shawn D. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA simple and rapid RP‐HPLC‐DAD method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of the dopamine antagonists haloperidol, its diazepane analog, and the dopamine agonist bromocriptine in rat plasma, to perform pharmacokinetic drug‐interaction studies. Samples were prepared for analysis by acetonitrile (22.0 μg/mL) plasma protein precipitation with droperidol as an internal standard, followed by a double‐step liquid‐liquid extraction with hexane : chloroform (70:30) prior to C‐18 separation. Isocratic elution was achieved using a 0.1% (v/v) trifluoroacetic acid in deionized water, methanol and acetonitrile (45/27.5/27.5, v/v/v). Triple‐wavelength diode‐array detection at the λmaxof 245 nm for haloperidol, 254 nm for the diazepane analog and droperidol, and 240 nm for bromocriptine was carried out. The LLOQ of DAL, HAL, and BCT were 45.0, 56.1, and 150 ng/mL, respectively. In rats, the estimated pharmacokinetic parameters (i.e.,t1/2,CL, andVss) of HAL when administered with DAL and BCT weret1/2= 16.4 min,Vss= 0.541 L/kg for HAL,t1/2= 28.0 min,Vss= 2.00 L/kg for DAL, andt1/2= 24.0 min,Vss= 0.106 L/kg for BCT. The PK parameters for HAL differed significantly from those previously reported, which may be an indication of a drug‐drug interaction. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Routine violence risk assessment in community forensic mental healthcare
Authors: van den Brink Rob H. S. , Hooijschuur Alex , van Os Titus W. D. P. , Savenije Wim , Wiersma Durk 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe developed a method for periodic monitoring of violence risk, as part of routine community forensic mental healthcare. The feasibility of the method was tested, as well as its predictive validity for violent and risk enhancing behavior in the subsequent months. Participants were 83 clients who received forensic psychiatric home treatment, and six case managers. The method proved feasible and informative. Violent and risk enhancing behavior could be predicted to a reasonable extent (AUC = .77, 95% CI = .70–.85; respectively .76, .70–.82). Dynamic risk factors had an incremental predictive value over static factors in the prediction of violent behavior (OR = 4.30, 1.72–10.73). The professional judgment of the case managers added further predictive power (OR = 2.16, 1.40–3.33), corroborating the structured professional judgment approach. Finally, unmet needs for care of the client were associated with a reduced risk for violent and risk enhancing behavior (OR = .80, 0.69–0.93, and 0.84, 0.72–0.97). This latter finding suggests that in cases with unmet needs the case manager saw opportunities to do something about the risk. Currently we are testing whether using the method actually prevents violence. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The co‐morbidity of personality disorder and clinical syndromes in prisoners
Authors: Coid Jeremy , Moran Paul , Bebbington Paul , Brugha Traolach , Jenkins Rachel , Farrell Mike , Singleton Nicola , Ullrich Simone 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjectives Our aim was to examine patterns of Axis II co‐morbidity using data from the national survey of psychiatric morbidity among prisoners in England and Wales.Methods A one‐in‐five sub‐sample of participants in a survey of psychiatric morbidity among prisoners in England and Wales was interviewed using the Schedule for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry and the Structured Clinical Interview for the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health Disorders Axis II personality disorders (PD). Logistic regression analysis was conducted adjusting for confounders of associations with co‐morbid psychopathology disorders, age and gender.Results The most prevalent Axis II disorders in the sample were anti‐social, paranoid and borderline PD. Following logistic regression, anti‐social and borderline PD demonstrated high levels of co‐morbidity with both Axis I and other Axis II disorders, narcissistic PD with other Axis II, and paranoid and avoidant PD with Axis I disorders.Conclusions Certain Axis II disorders may increase the risk for lifetime Axis I disorders. Although appropriate statistical procedures reduce the level of Axis II co‐morbidity, some patterns may be artefacts of a diagnostic system encouraging multiple diagnostic categories. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Isolated Cleft in the Posterior Mitral Valve Leaflet: A Congenital Form of Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: Wyss Christophè A. , Enseleit Frank , van der Loo Bernd , Grünenfelder Jürg , Oechslin Erwin N. , Jenni Rolf 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackgroundIsolated congenital cleft of the posterior leaflet of the mitral valve is a rare cause of mitral regurgitation (MR). This study describes the clinical, echocardiographic, and intraoperative findings as well as treatment options.MethodsAdults with an isolated cleft of the posterior mitral valve leaflet diagnosed by transthoracic echocardiography were evaluated with respect to clinical, echocardiographic, preoperative and intraoperative findings, and different surgical strategies.ResultsThe prevalence of isolated cleft of the posterior mitral valve leaflet in all patients examined was 0.11% (n = 22 out of 19 320 evaluated echocardiograms); male gender was predominant (73%). Dyspnea on exertion was present in almost all patients with at least moderate regurgitation. The predominant localization of the cleft was within segment P2 (59%), followed by a cleft between P1/P2 (18%). An isolated cleft in segment P3 or segment P1 occurred twice in each segment (n = 2; 9%) and between P2/P3 once (n = 1; 5%). Regurgitation was severe in 50% (n = 11), moderate in 9% (n = 2), mild in 27% (n = 6), and only trivial in 14% (n = 3) of the patients. Surgical treatment involved reconstruction with ring annuloplasty in 45% (n = 10) and replacement in 4.5% (n = 1). A total of 11 patients (50%) with mostly mild or trivial mitral regurgitation were treated medically only.ConclusionTwo‐dimensional high‐resolution cross‐sectional echocardiography allows the distinct diagnosis of a clefted posterior leaflet, whereas clinical presentation, electrocardiogram, chest x‐ray, and angiography are failing to identify the correct etiology of MR in patients with isolated posterior leaflet cleft mitral valve (IPLCMV). Patients with moderate to severe MR were treated surgically with excellent outcome. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neutrophil Count on Admission Predicts Major In‐hospital Events in Patients with a Non‐ST‐Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Karabinos Ilias , Koulouris Spyridon , Kranidis Athanasios , Pastromas Socrates , Exadaktylos Nikolaos , Kalofoutis Anastasios 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackgroundInflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of acute coronary syndromes (ACS). In this context we assessed neutrophil count as a predictor of major in‐hospital events in patients admitted for a non‐ST‐segment elevation (NSTE) ACS.MethodsWe measured neutrophils on admission in 160 patients with a NSTE ACS and we correlated their count with the incidence of a combined in‐hospital end point including: cardiac death, acute heart failure, ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction, and recurrent myocardial ischemia.ResultsPatients who had a major in‐hospital event also had a higher neutrophil count (P = 0.02) and higher serum levels of troponin I (P = 0.04). In the univariate logistic regression analysis, in‐hospital major events could be predicted by troponin I > 0.07 ng/mL (odds ratio [OR]: 5.65, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.26–25.32, P = 0.02), white blood cell count > 8650 cells/µL (OR: 2.68, 95% CI: 1.03–6.95, P = 0.04), neutrophil count > 6700 cells/µL (OR: 7.74, 95% CI: 2.79–21.47, P < 0.001), and C‐reactive protein > 0.97 mg/dL (OR: 3.56, 95% CI: 1.13–11.19, P = 0.02). However, in multivariate regression, neutrophil count > 6700 cells/µL (OR: 6.52, 95% CI: 1.56–27.22, P = 0.01) was the only independent in‐hospital prognostic factor.ConclusionsIn patients with a NSTE ACS of moderate or high risk, neutrophil count on admission may identify those who are at risk of having an adverse in‐hospital outcome. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Is There a Link Between Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Atrial Fibrillation?
Authors: Kunz Jeffrey S. , Hemann Brian , Edwin Atwood J. , Jackson Jeffrey , Wu Timothy , Hamm Carolyn 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies suggest a potential association between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and atrial fibrillation.ObjectiveTo explore the potential association between GERD and atrial fibrillation.Materials and MethodsThis was a retrospective study created from a database containing all health care encounters for patients who received ambulatory care in the National Capitol Area military health care system between January 1, 2001 and October 28, 2007. The study population included all subjects at least 18 years of age (n = 163 627). Our primary outcomes of interest were International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD‐9) diagnoses of atrial fibrillation and GERD.ResultsAmong 163 627 patients, 7992 (5%) had atrial fibrillation and 47 845 (29%) had GERD. The presence of GERD increased the relative risk (RR) of a diagnosis of atrial fibrillation (RR: 1.39, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.33–1.45). In sensitivity analyses, this relationship persisted after adjustment for cardiovascular disease risk factors (RR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.13–1.25) and diagnoses known to be strongly associated with atrial fibrillation (RR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.02–1.13).ConclusionsThe presence of GERD is associated with an increased risk of a diagnosis of atrial fibrillation. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Statins as Antiarrhythmics: A Systematic Review Part I: Effects on Risk of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Abuissa Hussam , O'Keefe James H. , Bybee Kevin A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies have demonstrated that statins may possess antiarrhythmic properties in addition to their lipid‐lowering effects.MethodsStudies which reported the association of statins with the incidence of atrial arrhythmias were identified through a systematic review of published literature.ResultsOne randomized, placebo‐controlled trial of 200 patients undergoing cardiac surgery showed that atorvastatin decreased the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation by 61%. Observational studies in patients with stable coronary disease, left ventricular dysfunction, or those undergoing cardiac or noncardiac surgery show that statin therapy is associated with an approximately 50% lower rate of atrial fibrillation. Two small randomized trials reported conflicting results: one showing that atorvastatin reduced the recurrence of AF after electrical cardioversion and the other finding that pravastatin did not.ConclusionsPublished data suggests that statins may possess antiarrhythmic properties that reduce the propensity for atrial fibrillation. Most of this data is observational; more randomized, placebo‐controlled trials are needed. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Excellent outcomes with angiographic subsegmentectomy in the treatment of typical hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Iwamoto Shozo , Yamaguchi Taizo , Hongo Osamu , Iwamoto Hideki , Sanefuji Hayato 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:The authors successfully adopted an interesting and effective treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) referred to as angiographic subsegmentectomy (AS). This treatment involved simultaneous embolization of the peripheral feeding artery and the portal vein. The result was that almost all of the HCC and peripheral liver parenchyma developed complete anatomic necrosis.METHODS:To determine the effectiveness of this method, the authors retrospectively studied the local recurrence rates of 49 solitary HCCs and the long‐term survival rates of 120 patients with HCC between 2000 and 2008.RESULTS:The results indicated that, in 31 small, solitary HCCs (<2.0 cm), the local recurrence rate was only 9.6%; and, in 10 slightly larger HCCs (<3.0 cm), the local recurrence rate was only 10%. The 5‐year, 8‐year, and 10‐year survival rates for patients with stage I and stage I/Child‐Pugh grade A HCC were 74.27% and 77.65%, 53.05% and 51.76%, and 53% and 51.76%, respectively; and the 5‐year, 8‐year, and 10‐year survival rates for patients with stage II and stage II/Child‐Pugh grade A HCC were 66.21% and 71.41%, 39.9% and 39.60%, and 29.92% and 25%), respectively. There were no severe complications.CONCLUSIONS:AS should be investigated further as potential first‐line therapy for the treatment of patients with stage I and II HCC. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Subsystem‐Based Theoretical Spectroscopy of Biomolecules and Biomolecular Assemblies
Authors: Neugebauer Johannes 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe absorption properties of chromophores in biomolecular systems are subject to several fine‐tuning mechanisms. Specific interactions with the surrounding protein environment often lead to significant changes in the excitation energies, but bulk dielectric effects can also play an important role. Moreover, strong excitonic interactions can occur in systems with several chromophores at close distances. For interpretation purposes, it is often desirable to distinguish different types of environmental effects, such as geometrical, electrostatic, polarization, and response (or differential polarization) effects. Methods that can be applied for theoretical analyses of such effects are reviewed herein, ranging from continuum and point‐charge models to explicit quantum chemical subsystem methods for environmental effects. Connections to physical model theories are also outlined. Prototypical applications to optical spectra and excited states of fluorescent proteins, biomolecular photoreceptors, and photosynthetic protein complexes are discussed.
Three‐dimensional polar representation for multispectral fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy
Authors: Leray A. , Spriet C. , Trinel D. , Héliot Laurent 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMultispectral fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy is a promising and powerful technique for discriminating multiply labeled samples and for detecting molecular interactions inside thick, heterogeneous, and light‐scattering milieu such as tissue. The fast and correct analysis of the spectral and lifetime images constitutes a major challenge, which requires a high level of expertise. We present here a new approach that considerably simplifies this analysis avoiding complex fitting algorithm strategies and permitting a fast and visual graphical representation of the fluorescence lifetimes. By transforming the experimental data from time domain to frequency domain for each spectral channel, we calculate the multispectral polar representation and demonstrate its interest on multiply fluorescent labeled sample. We further apply it on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) experiments and demonstrate that FRET measurements with a high level of precision can be performed. With addition of emission wavelength as third dimension in the polar representation, autofluorescence emitted by the sample is thus clearly identified. Analysis artifacts induced by the sample or by fitting algorithm choice become then totally inexistent. © 2009 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry