bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sawhorse‐Type Tetracarbonyldiruthenium Tweezers
Authors: Johnpeter Justin P. , Mohanraj John , Armaroli Nicola , Therrien Bruno 
Published: June 2012

AbstractMolecular tweezers built from sawhorse‐type dinuclearruthenium units and carboxyphenyl porphyrin derivatives{5‐(4‐carboxyphenyl)‐10,15,20‐triphenyl‐21H,23H‐porphyrin,[5‐(4‐carboxyphenyl)‐10,15,20‐triphenylporphyrin]zinc, 5,10‐bis(4‐carboxyphenyl)‐15,20‐diphenyl‐21H,23H‐porphyrin, and [5,10‐bis(4‐carboxyphenyl)‐15,20‐diphenylporphyrin]zinc} are presented. Molecular modeling shows that in all cases the two porphyrin moieties are adequately positioned to encapsulate guest molecules. Therefore, the host–guest interactions between the sawhorse‐type tetracarbonyldiruthenium tweezers and different guest molecules [fullerene (C60), pyridine (pyr), 4,4′‐bipyridine (bpy), 1,2‐bis(4‐pyridyl)ethylene (bpe), 5,10‐bis(4‐pyridyl)‐15,20‐diphenyl‐21H,23H‐porphyrin (5,10‐dpp), and 5,15‐bis(4‐pyridyl)‐10,20‐diphenyl‐21H,23H‐porphyrin (5,15‐dpp)] have been studied in solution by using optical spectroscopic methods.
Synthesis of Cyclodextrins with Carboxylic Acids at the Secondary Rim and an Evaluation of Their Properties as Chemzymes for Glycoside Hydrolysis
Authors: Zhou You , Lindbäck Emil , Marinescu Lavinia G. , Pedersen Christian Marcus , Bols Mikael 
Published: June 2012

AbstractSeven β‐cyclodextrin‐mono‐, ‐di‐ or ‐tetra‐O‐acetic acids were prepared and investigated for their propertiesas catalysts of the hydrolysis of four nitrophenyl glycosides.
Igf2 pathway dependency of the Trp53 developmental and tumour phenotypes
Authors: Haley Victoria L. , Barnes David J. , Sandovici Ionel , Constancia Miguel , Graham Christopher F. , Pezzella Francesco , Bühnemann Claudia , Carter Emma J. , Hassan A. Bassim 
Published: June 2012

AbstractInsulin‐like growth factor 2 (IGF2) and the transformation related protein 53 (Trp53) are potent regulators of cell growth and metabolism in development and cancer. In vitro evidence suggests several mechanistic pathway interactions. Here, we tested whether loss of function of p53 leads to IGF2 ligand pathway dependency in vivo. Developmental lethality occurred in p53 homozygote null mice that lacked the paternal expressed allele of imprinted Igf2. Further lethality due to post‐natal lung haemorrhage occurred in female progeny with Igf2 paternal null allele only if derived from double heterozygote null fathers, and was associated with a specific gene expression signature. Conditional deletion of Igf2fl/fl attenuated the rapid tumour onset promoted by homozygous deletion of p53fl/fl. Accelerated carcinoma and sarcoma tumour formation in p53+/− females with bi‐allelic Igf2 expression was associated with reductions in p53 loss of heterozygosity and apoptosis. Igf2 genetic dependency of the p53 null phenotype during development and tumour formation suggests that targeting the IGF2 pathway may be useful in the prevention and treatment of human tumours with a disrupted Trp53 pathway.→ See accompanying article http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/emmm.201201509
Microglia and neurodegeneration: The role of systemic inflammation
Authors: Cunningham Colm 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIt is well accepted that CNS inflammation has a role in the progression of chronic neurodegenerative disease, although the mechanisms through which this occurs are still unclear. The inflammatory response during most chronic neurodegenerative disease is dominated by the microglia and mechanisms by which these cells contribute to neuronal damage and degeneration are the subject of intense study. More recently it has emerged that systemic inflammation has a significant role to play in the progression of these diseases. Well‐described adaptive pathways exist to transduce systemic inflammatory signals to the brain, but activation of these pathways appears to be deleterious to the brain if the acute insult is sufficiently robust, as in severe sepsis, or sufficiently prolonged, as in repeated stimulation with robust doses of inflammogens such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Significantly, moderate doses of inflammogens produce new pathology in the brain and exacerbate or accelerate features of disease when superimposed upon existing pathology or in the context of genetic predisposition. It is now apparent in multiple chronic disease states, and in ageing, that microglia are primed by prior pathology, or by genetic predisposition, to respond more vigorously to subsequent inflammatory stimulation, thus transforming an adaptive CNS inflammatory response to systemic inflammation, into one that has deleterious consequences for the individual. In this review, the preclinical and clinical evidence supporting a significant role for systemic inflammation in chronic neurodegenerative diseases will be discussed. Mechanisms by which microglia might effect neuronal damage and dysfunction, as a consequence of systemic stimulation, will be highlighted. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mobilizing Company Members' Full Innovative Potential
Authors: Velasco Eva , Zamanillo Ibon , Del Valle Teresa Garcia 
Published: June 2012

AbstractMost of the literature on innovation management highlights the fundamental role played by people in the innovation process and the need to fully develop the creative and innovative potential of organizations' members. This article offers the result of extensive research carried out among some of the most innovative companies in the Basque Country, a highly innovative region located in the north of Spain. It draws interesting conclusions about how these innovative companies combine strong leadership, human resource practices, and an organizational culture that enhances innovation capabilities among the company's employees. More specifically, it answers questions such as the following: Are human resources policies, leadership, and innovation culture implemented equally in Basque innovative companies? Do companies make the same effort in deploying these elements or routines and practices related to them? Can we see a pattern in the use of these elements among innovative firms? © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
AKL'12 and Innovation Award Laser Technology 2012
Authors: Dreissigacker Oliver , Teutsch Carmen 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe Innovation Award Laser Technology is a European research prize awarded biannually by the association Arbeitskreis Lasertechnik e.V. and the European Laser Institute ELI at the AKL laser conference. The aim of the award is to honor an individual researcher or a project group for their achievements in the field of laser technology. The project must focus on laser materials processing or methods of producing laser light and yield a commercial value. The award includes a prize money worth 10,000 Euro as well as the titles “AKL Fellow” and “ELI Fellow”.
Ablation of Lithium Niobate with Pico‐ and Nanosecond Lasers
Authors: Haehnel Falk 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA comparison between picosecond and nanosecond laser sources for the ablation of the technically interesting lithium niobate will be presented in this article. We investigated the influence of the used wavelength and pulse duration on the quality and the possibility to generate thinnest membranes under industrial conditions. It was possible to get structures of few mm2 with a membrane thickness smaller than 50 μm. Using different laser sources we could reduce the processing time with the same quality as before. We also investigated the heat affected zone by using pico‐ and nanosecond laser sources with a transmission electron microscope. This way, it was possible to see the expansion of thermal deformation in the solid material. With these basic research results, some interesting applications in the field of sensors, nozzle drilling and optical elements could be generated.
Smooth Surfaces with High Accuracies
Authors: Mahdi Shaimaa , Grehn Moritz , Meister Stefan , Ashkenasi David , Höfner Michael 
Published: June 2012

AbstractOptical silicon‐on‐insulator (SOI) waveguides were scored by a femtosecond laser. Cleaving method leads to smooth facet surface of air covered SOI waveguides. The prepared end facets were investigated using an atomic force microscope and scanning electron microscopy. The roughness average of the prepared end facets of silicon waveguides was measured to be 0.25 nm.
Diode Lasers and Aluminum — A Success Story on the Rise
Authors: Rütering Markus , Luft Axel 
Published: June 2012

AbstractDiode lasers, in spite of their prefix “high‐power”, until a few years ago, were applicable merely as systems for surface modification, heat treatment, and in applications with low prerequisites in terms of beam quality. Today, they are widely used in key hole welding as well.
Effect of Crosslinking on Shape‐Memory Behavior of Zinc Stearate/Ionomer Compounds
Authors: Dong Jing , Weiss R. A. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractShape memory polymers (SMPs) based on blends of fatty acid or fatty acid salts and an elastomeric ionomer, sulfonated poly{ethylene‐r‐propylene‐r‐(5‐ethylidene‐2‐norbornene)} are described. The permanent network is formed by nanophase separation of intermolecularly associated metal sulfonate groups, and the temporary network is developed by dispersed fatty acid crystals with strong dipolar interactions with the ionomer. The permanent network, however, creeps under load. SMPs with fixing efficiencies >95% and shape recovery efficiency of ≈100% were achieved by covalently crosslinking the ionomer.magnified image
Characteristics of persons with overactive bladder of presumed neurologic origin: Results from the Boston Area Community Health (BACH) survey
Authors: Hall Susan A. , Curto Teresa M. , Onyenwenyi Ahunna , Lemack Gary E. , Tennstedt Sharon L. , Link Carol L. , McKinlay John B. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAimsTo compare the descriptive epidemiology of overactive bladder (OAB) of presumed neurologic origin (NOAB) to OAB of non‐neurologic origin (N‐NOAB).MethodsFive thousand five hundred three community‐dwelling persons aged 30–79 were interviewed regarding urologic symptoms (2002–2005). NOAB was defined as symptoms of urgency and/or urgency incontinence among those with a self‐reported history of healthcare provider diagnosed stroke (N = 98), multiple sclerosis (N = 21), or Parkinson's disease (N = 7). N‐NOAB was defined identically but occurring among those not reporting neurologic disease (ND). Prevalence estimates were weighted to reflect sampling design; chi‐square, Fisher's exact, or t‐tests were used to test differences. Urologic symptom interference was assessed using the Epstein scale, while the impact of urinary incontinence (UI) on health‐related quality‐of‐life (HRQOL) was measured using a modification of the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire‐7.ResultsForty‐five (31.0%) of 125 persons with ND and 994 (16.7%) of 5378 persons without ND reported OAB symptoms. The overall prevalence of NOAB and N‐NOAB was 0.6% and 16.4%, respectively. Persons with NOAB had higher (worse) mean American Urologic Association Symptom Index scores (13.0 vs. 10.0, P = 0.09) compared to those with N‐NOAB, and were significantly more likely to have diabetes, high blood pressure, cardiac disease, and fair/poor self‐reported health (all P < 0.05). Mean symptom interference and UI HRQOL scores were significantly higher (worse) in the NOAB group compared to persons with N‐NOAB (all P < 0.05).ConclusionsPersons with NOAB appeared to have a greater burden of urologic illness with respect to symptom interference and HRQOL compared to persons with N‐NOAB. Neurourol. Urodynam. 31:1149–1155, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Efficacy and safety of solifenacin to treat overactive bladder symptoms in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: An open‐label, multicenter, prospective study
Authors: Chung Jae Hoon , Lee Joo Yong , Kang Dong Hyuk , Ha U‐Syn , Lee Seung Hwan , Ham Won Sik , Cho Kang Su , Han June Hyun , Park Jinsung , Yoo Tag Keun , Lee Seung Wook 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of solifenacin 5 mg to treat voiding symptoms caused by idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) after a ventriculoperitoneal (V‐P) shunt operation.MethodsA total of 53 patients diagnosed with iNPH and complaining of voiding symptoms were enrolled. Before treatment with solifenacin (V1), 4 (V2) and 12 (V3) weeks after starting solifenacin overactive bladder symptom score (OABSS), the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), Quality of Life (QoL) score, maximal urine flow rate (Qmax), voided volume, and post‐voiding residual urine volume (PVR) were measured. An urodynamic study (UDS) was performed at V1 and V3, and the safety of solifenacin was assessed at V1, V2, and V3.ResultsOf the 53 patients, 38 patients (71.70%) completed the 12‐week clinical trial. The mean patient age was 52.24 ± 10.08 years. OABSS and IPSS were significantly improved. The mean voided volume was 147.18 ± 61.84 ml at V1 and 160.03 ± 62.59 ml at V3 (P < 0.001), and PVR was 64.87 ± 41.11 ml at V1 and 69.05 ± 39.54 ml at V3 (P = 0.009). Of the 31 patients who underwent UDS, 26 patients (83.87%) had detrusor overactivity (DO) at V1, with a mean value of 107.67 ± 18.13 ml. Of the 26 with DO at V1, 22 (84.62%) still had DO at V3. A mean DO of 131.66 ± 15.27 ml was observed at V3 (P < 0.001). The most common adverse effects was dry mouths.ConclusionsSolifenacin is effective in the treatment of OABS in iNPH patients who underwent the V‐P shunt operation. Solifenacin increases bladder capacity causing of DO at UDS. Neurourol. Urodynam. 31:1175–1180, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A new level set method for topology optimization of distributed compliant mechanisms
Authors: Zhu Benliang , Zhang Xianmin 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYA new level set method for topology optimization of distributed compliant mechanism is presented in this study. By taking two types of mean compliance into consideration, several new objective functions are developed and built in the conventional level set method to avoid generating the de facto hinges in the created mechanisms. Aimed at eliminating the costly reinitialization procedure during the evolution of the level set function, an accelerated level set evolution algorithm is developed by adding an extra energy function, which can force the level set function to close to a signed distance function during the evolution. Two widely studied numerical examples in topology optimization of compliant mechanisms are studied to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Occupational Therapy in Oman: The Impact of Cultural Dissonance
Authors: Al Busaidy Najat Saif Mohammed , Borthwick Alan 
Published: June 2012

AbstractOccupational therapy theory and philosophy are broadly considered to be based on Western cultural values. In contrast, the application of theory and practice in the Sultanate of Oman, historically based on traditional Middle Eastern and Islamic cultural values, provides a case exemplar, which highlights both paradigmatic differences and cultural dissonance. Drawing on the experiences of occupational therapists working in Oman, this study found that the application of therapeutic goals aimed at patient independence and autonomy were difficult to achieve in an environment where family duty and responsibility for care were highly prized. Dressing and cooking assessments were challenging, and issues related to gender proved problematic. Therapists found the need to adapt practice to acknowledge these differences, and to adopt pragmatic problem‐solving strategies, without resolving the underpinning philosophical contradictions. Occupational therapy in Oman is under‐researched; further work is needed to confirm the cross‐cultural validity of specific assessments and practice models. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Validation of Equations Suggested for the Elastic Behaviour of Powders
Authors: Nysaeter Trude O. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA new equation for the relationship between elastic stress and strain for powders, based on Hooke's law has been described in a recent article [1]. The equation will here be validated by least mean square curve fitting on experimental measurements obtained by cyclic consolidation of powders in a uniaxial tester. The validation shows that the derived equation fits quite well to the unloading of the tested powders, whereas the reloading has a more linear relationship.
Binary copper oxide semiconductors: From materials towards devices
Authors: Meyer B. K. , Polity A. , Reppin D. , Becker M. , Hering P. , Klar P. J. , Sander Th. , Reindl C. , Benz J. , Eickhoff M. , Heiliger C. , Heinemann M. , Bläsing J. , Krost A. , Shokovets S. , Müller C. , Ronning C. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractCopper‐oxide compound semiconductors provide a unique possibility to tune the optical and electronic properties from insulating to metallic conduction, from bandgap energies of 2.1 eV to the infrared at 1.40 eV, i.e., right into the middle of the efficiency maximum for solar‐cell applications. Three distinctly different phases, Cu2O, Cu4O3, and CuO, of this binary semiconductor can be prepared by thin‐film deposition techniques, which differ in the oxidation state of copper. Their material properties as far as they are known by experiment or predicted by theory are reviewed. They are supplemented by new experimental results from thin‐film growth and characterization, both will be critically discussed and summarized. With respect to devices the focus is on solar‐cell performances based on Cu2O. It is demonstrated by photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) that the heterojunction system p‐Cu2O/n‐AlGaN is much more promising for the application as efficient solar cells than that of p‐Cu2O/n‐ZnO heterojunction devices that have been favored up to now.
Assimilation of radial velocity and reflectivity data from coastal WSR‐88D radars using an ensemble Kalman filter for the analysis and forecast of landfalling hurricaneIke(2008)
Authors: Dong Jili , Xue Ming 
Published: June 2012

AbstractEnsemble Kalman filter (EnKF) assimilation and forecasting experiments are performed for the case of HurricaneIke(2008), the third most destructive hurricane hitting the USA. Data from two coastal WSR‐88D radars are carefully quality controlled before assimilation. In the control assimilation experiment, reflectivity (Z) and radial velocity (Vr) data from two radars are assimilated at 10 min intervals over a 2 h period shortly beforeIkemade landfall. A 32‐member forecast ensemble is initialized by introducing both mesoscale and convective‐scale perturbations to the initial National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) operational global forecast system (GFS) analysis background, and the ensemble spread during the analysis cycles is maintained using multiplicative covariance inflation and posterior additive perturbations. The radar data assimilation results in much improved vortex intensity and structure analysis over the corresponding GFS analysis. Compared with the forecast starting from the GFS analysis, the forecast intensity, track and structure ofIkeover a 12 h period are much improved in both deterministic and ensemble forecasts. Assimilation of eitherVrorZleads to improvement in the forecasts, withVrdata exhibiting much greater impacts thanZdata. With the 2 h assimilation window, 30 min assimilation intervals produced results similar to 10 min intervals, while 60 min intervals were found to be too long. The ensemble forecasts starting from the EnKF analyses are found to be mostly better than the corresponding deterministic forecast, especially after ensemble post‐processing, such as probability matching for precipitation. Precipitation equitable threat scores were calculated and compared. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Surface Functionalization of Nanoparticles to Control Cell Interactions and Drug Release
Authors: Luo Rongcong , Neu Björn , Venkatraman Subbu S. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractNanoparticles made from poly(dl‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA) are used to deliver a wide range of bioactive molecules, due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. This study investigates the surface modification of PLGA nanoparticles via the layer‐by‐layer (LbL) deposition of polyelectrolytes, and the effects of these coatings on the release behavior, cytotoxicity, hemolytic activity, and cellular uptake efficiency. PLGA nanoparticles are modified via LbL adsorption of two polyelectrolyte pairs: 1) poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) and 2) poly(L‐lysine hydrobromide) (PLL) and dextran sulfate (DES). It is demonstrated that both PAH/PSS and PLL/DES coatings suppress the burst release usually observed for unmodified PLGA nanoparticles and that the release behavior can be adjusted by changing the layer numbers, layer materials, or by crosslinking the layer constituents. Neither bare nor polyelectrolyte‐modified PLGA nanoparticles show any signs of cytotoxicity. However, nanoparticles with a positively charged polyelectrolyte as the outermost layer induce hemolysis, whereas uncoated particles or particles with a negatively charged polyelectrolyte as the outermost layer show no hemolytic activity. Furthermore, particles with either PAH or PLL as the outermost layer also demonstrate a higher uptake efficiency by L929 fibroblast cells, due to a higher cell–particle affinity. This study suggests that LbL coating of PLGA nanoparticles can control the release behavior of bioactive molecules as well as the surface activity, therefore providing a promising strategy to enhance the efficiency of nanoparticulate drug‐delivery systems.
The Trivalent Manganese Hydrogenophosphate LiMn(H2P2O7)2: A Chain‐Like Structure
Authors: Baies Radu , Pralong Valérie , Caignaert Vincent , Raveau Bernard 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA new Mn3+ hydrogenophosphate LiMn(H2P2O7)2 was synthesized, using a soft chemistry method. The ab initio structure resolution of this phase shows that it consists of infinite chains [MnH4P4O14]∞, built up of corner‐sharing MnO6 octahedra and P2O5(OH)2 diphosphate groups. The cohesion between the chains is ensured by Li+ cations and hydrogen bonds. This compound is paramagnetic and Mn3+ is in high spin (H.S.) configuration. The impedance plots show that this hydrogenophosphate is a modest ionic conductor with activation energy of 0.8 eV and a conductivity reaching 10–6 S·cm–1 at 320 °C.
Two Keggin Templated Supramolecular Compounds by Exerting the Chelate and Linking Dual Roles of the Ligand 2, 2′‐Biimidazole
Authors: Ying Jun , Lin Xiao‐Ling , Liu Yu‐Jing , Xiao Ru , Wang Xiu‐Li , Tian Ai‐Xiang 
Published: June 2012

AbstractTwo new Keggin templated supramolecular compounds, [Zn2(H2biim)5(SiM12O40)]·4H2O [M = W (1), Mo (2)] (H2biim = 2, 2′‐biimidazole), were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions by using the ligand 2, 2′‐biimidazole. They were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, elemental analyses, IR and photoluminescence spectroscopy as well as cyclic voltammetry. The two isostructural compounds are constructed by two discrete supramolecular moieties: the inorganic chains consist of Keggin anions and metal‐organic chains constructed by [Zn2(H2biim)5]4+ subunits. In the dinuclear [Zn2(H2biim)5]4+ subunit, the H2biim ligands exhibit a dual role, chelating and linking. The metal‐organic chains further construct a 3D supramolecular framework with channels, in which the Keggin‐based inorganic chains are accommodated. The electrochemical behaviors of compounds 1 and 2 bulk‐modified carbon paste electrodes (1‐CPE, 2‐CPE) were studied.