bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural damage, clogging, collapsing: Analysis of the bridge damage at the rivers Ahr, Inde and Vicht caused by the flood of 2021
Authors: Burghardt Lisa , Klopries Elena‐Maria , Schüttrumpf Holger 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDuring the flood event in 2021 within Western Europe, many bridges were severely damaged, particularly in North Rhine‐Westphalia and Rhineland‐Palatinate in Germany. Within this study, a statistical analysis of the damages caused to bridges by the flood event was carried out. First, locations and damages of bridges along the rivers Inde, Vicht and Ahr were mapped. Based on these data, statistical correlations among the damage patterns were analyzed. Approximately 25 bridges along both rivers Inde and Vicht were damaged, while over 80 bridges along the Ahr were damaged. Notably, bridges located near residential areas suffered more severe damage than those in rural areas. In addition, the presence of debris played a significant role in damaging bridges. Although the bridge design did not emerge as the crucial factor, the bridge height could be determined as a contributing factor influencing the extent of damage along all three rivers. Also, the extent of damage increased as soon as overtopping of bridges occurred. Based on these findings, recommendations for the reconstruction of the numerous destroyed bridges could be identified which agree with existing literature. Additionally, recommendations regarding the estimation of 100‐year design floods and the implementation of clogging into flood hazard maps were derived.
Modified enhanced recovery after surgery protocol in octogenarians undergoing minimally invasive colorectal cancer surgery
Authors: Wei Po‐Li , Huang Yan‐Jiun , Wang Weu , Huang Yu‐Min 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) is a major health issue worldwide. As the population ages, more older patients including octogenarians will require CRC treatment. However, this vulnerable group has decreased functional reserves and increased surgical risks. Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathways aim to reduce surgical stress and complications, but concerns remain about applying ERAS protocols to older patients. We assessed whether a modified ERAS (mERAS) protocol combined would improve outcomes in octogenarian CRC patients undergoing minimally invasive surgery.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, we compared 360 non‐octogenarians aged 50–64 years and 114 octogenarians aged 80–89 years before and after mERAS protocol implementation. Outcomes including postoperative functionary recovery, length of stay, complications, emergency department visits, and readmissions were analyzed.ResultsDespite comparable tumor characteristics, octogenarians had poorer nutrition, American Society of Anesthesiologists status, and more comorbidities. After mERAS, octogenarians had reduced complications, faster return of bowel function, and shorter postoperative length of stay, similar to non‐octogenarians. mERAS implementation improved recovery in both groups without increasing emergency department visits or readmissions.ConclusionAlthough less remarkable than in non‐octogenarians, mERAS protocols mitigated higher complication rates and improved recovery in octogenarians after minimally invasive surgery for CRC, confirming protocol feasibility and safety in this vulnerable population.
Clinical impact of using [18F]AlF‐NOTA‐octreotide PET/CT instead of [68Ga]Ga‐DOTA‐SSA PET/CT: Secondary endpoint analysis of a multicenter, prospective trial
Authors: Leupe Hannes , Pauwels Elin , Vandamme Timon , Van den Broeck Bliede , Lybaert Willem , Dekervel Jeroen , Van Herpe Filip , Jaekers Joris , Cleeren Frederik , Hofland Johannes , Brouwers Adrienne , Koole Michel , Bormans Guy , Van Cutsem Eric , Geboes Karen , Laenen Annouschka , Verslype Chris , Stroobants Sigrid , Deroose Christophe M. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract[18F]AlF‐NOTA‐octreotide ([18F]AlF‐OC) is a promising alternative for [68Ga]Ga‐DOTA‐somatostatin analogs (SSAs) in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of the somatostatin receptor (SSTR). Our aim is to assess changes in TNM staging and differences in patient management between [18F]AlF‐OC PET/CT and [68Ga]Ga‐DOTA‐SSA PET/CT in the work‐up of neuroendocrine tumor (NET) patients. Patients who underwent both [18F]AlF‐OC and [68Ga]Ga‐DOTA‐TATE or [68Ga]Ga‐DOTA‐NOC PET/CT in our multicenter study (Pauwels et al., J Nucl Med.2023;63:632–638) with a NET were included for analysis. TNM staging was determined and compared for both tracers. For each patient, the blinded [68Ga]Ga‐DOTA‐SSA or [18F]AlF‐OC PET/CT images were presented in random order at a multidisciplinary team board. The images were presented together with clinical information and compared with previous SSTR and [18F]FDG PET/CT imaging. After a consensus decision for patient management was recorded, the board was presented with the PET/CT images from the other SSTR tracer and a decision was made for the second tracer. Differences in management were classified as major if it entailed an intermodality change and minor if it led to an intramodality change. Compared with [68Ga]Ga‐DOTA‐SSA, the use of [18F]AlF‐OC led to a change in 16/75 patients: TNM staging changes in 10/75 patients (13.3%; downstaging in 3/10, upstaging in 7/10) and differences in clinical management were seen in 10/75 patients (13.3%), leading to a major difference in 7/10 cases and a minor change in 3/10 cases. All 10 cases with a difference in patient management between both PET tracers were caused by additional lesion detection by [18F]AlF‐OC. The use of [18F]AlF‐OC did not impact TNM staging or clinical management in the large majority of the patients (86.7%), further validating the potential for routine clinical use of [18F]AlF‐OC PET/CT as an alternative for [68Ga]Ga‐DOTA‐SSA PET/CT. The trial is registered under ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04552847 and EudraCT 2020–000549‐15.
First description of the baubellum in the spectacled bear Tremarctos ornatus (Mammalia: Ursidae)
Authors: De Ridder Tim , Goossenaerts Ellen , Spruyt Jonas , Van Ginneken Chris , Aerts Peter , MacLaren Jamie A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe baubellum (os clitoridis) is a bone found in the clitoris of many female eutherian mammals and is homologous to the baculum in males. In contrast to the baculum, the baubellum has received very little attention regarding its morphological or interspecific diversity, or on hypotheses for its function. The presence of the baubellum in bears (Ursidae) has only been established and mentioned in the literature for the Ursus genus, and not for the other genera of bears. Moreover, no scaled photographs are available for baubella of this clade, and the sizes reported vary between sources. We hereby present and describe the baubellum of a spectacled bear (Tremarctos ornatus), providing a detailed account of baubella in a basal ursid species. The baubellum of Tremarctos is slightly bowed dorsally, with two small prominences at the distal apex. The length of the Tremarctos baubellum in this study is comparable to that of Ursus americanus (American black bear). We infer the specific shape, with longitudinal ridges, of the baubellum in Tremarctos could indicate a discrete function during copulation or sexual arousal. However, future studies, especially regarding the associated soft tissues, will be required to confirm whether this is indeed the case. Our study expands the understanding of baubella within Ursidae, providing new data (including a three‐dimensional model) that can be used to further explore the morphological diversity and function of this enigmatic extra‐skeletal bone.
Singular entry point technique for forehead and temple filler augmentation: Anatomical and clinical perspectives
Authors: Ahn Hyo‐Sang , Kim Hyoung Moon , Oh Wook , Yi Kyu‐Ho , Kim Jisoo , Kim Hee‐Jin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe depressed volume of the forehead and temple is resolved by filler injection. However, the current method has the potential to cause pain and side effects in patients, depending on the skill of the clinician. Therefore, this study proposes a new method for safer and simpler injection using only one injection entry point.MethodsUsing the novel injection method, the filler was injected into the forehead and temple regions in three unembalmed cadavers and two healthy Korean volunteers. The cannula and filler locations were identified using dissection, ultrasonography, and three‐dimensional (3D) scanning.ResultsUltrasonographic images and dissection results showed that the filler injected into the cadavers was in the target layer. The cannula and filler were located on the layer as the supraperiosteal layer on the forehead and the supra deep temporal fascia layer in the temple. Finally, 3D scanning images showed that the filler was injected precisely and effectively into the forehead and temples of the volunteer who underwent the procedure.ConclusionsThis method can reduce pain and minimize externally visible wounds caused by injections. The injected filler was naturally connected from the forehead to the temple and maintained for around 3 months. Additionally, it is possible to inject fillers into the forehead and temple at a constant and safe depth without requiring specific skills. It is expected that this method will become a universal method because it minimizes the burden on both patients and clinicians.
Through the lens: A qualitative exploration of nurses' experiences of smart glasses in urgent care
Authors: Sumner Jennifer , Lim Hui Wen , Bundele Anjali , Chew Emily Hwee Hoon , Chong Jia Foong , Koh TsingYi , Sudin Ruhana Binte , Yip Alexander Wenjun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimTo investigate the real‐world experiences of nurses' using smart glasses to triage patients in an urgent care centre.DesignA parallel convergent mixed‐method design.MethodsWe collected data through twelve in‐depth interviews with nurses using the device and a survey. Recruitment continued until no new themes emerged. We coded the data using a deductive‐thematic approach. Qualitative and survey data were coded and then mapped to the most dominant dimension of the sociotechnical framework. Both the qualitative and quantitative findings were triangulated within each dimension of the framework to gain a comprehensive understanding of user experiences.ResultsOverall, nurses were satisfied with using smart glasses in urgent care and would recommend them to others. Nurses rated the device highly on ease of use, facilitation of training and development, nursing empowerment and communication. Qualitatively, nurses generally felt the device improved workflows and saved staff time. Conversely, technological challenges limited its use, and users questioned its sustainability if inadequate staffing could not be resolved.ConclusionSmart glasses enhanced urgent care practices by improving workflows, fostering staff communication, and empowering healthcare professionals, notably providing development opportunities for nurses. While smart glasses offered transformative benefits in the urgent care setting, challenges, including technological constraints and insufficient organisational support, were barriers to sustained integration.Implications for PracticeThese real‐world insights encompass both the benefits and challenges of smart glass utilisation in the context of urgent care. The findings will help inform greater workflow optimisation and future technological developments. Moreover, by sharing these experiences, other healthcare institutions looking to implement smart glass technology can learn from the successes and barriers encountered, facilitating smoother adoption, and maximising the potential benefits for patient care.Reporting MethodCOREQ checklist (consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research).Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Investigating linkage to care following community‐based screening for hepatitis B virus in rural Senegal: A mixed methods study
Authors: Coste Marion , Diouf Assane , Ndong Cilor , Diouf Aissatou , Périères Lauren , Nishimwe Marie Libérée , Bureau Morgane , Ndiaye Assane , Maradan Gwenaëlle , Diallo Aldiouma , Boyer Sylvie ,   For the AmBASS study group
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates linkage to care following community‐based screening for hepatitis B virus (HBV) in rural Senegal. HBV‐positive participants who completed a biological and clinical examination to assess liver disease and treatment eligibility were referred to a regional hospital (if eligible for treatment), invited to join the Sen‐B research cohort study (adults with detectable viral load) or referred to their local health centre (all others). Logistic regressions were conducted to investigate factors associated with (i) uptake of the scheduled post‐screening examination, and (ii) HBV management initiation. Obstacles to HBV management were identified using thematic analysis of in‐depth patient interviews. Of the 206 HBV‐positive participants, 163 (79.1%) underwent the examination; 47 of the 163 (28.8%) initiated HBV management. Women, people not migrating for >6 months/year, individuals living in households with more agricultural and monetary resources, with other HBV‐positive participants, and beneficiaries of the national cash transfer program, were all more likely to undergo the examination. The likelihood of joining the Sen‐B cohort increased with household monetary resources, but decreased with agricultural resources. Initiation of HBV management in local health centre was higher among participants with a non‐agricultural economic activity. Individuals reported wariness and confusion about HBV management content and rationale at various stages of the care continuum, in particular with respect to venous blood sampling and management without treatment. In conclusion, HBV community‐based test‐and‐treat strategies are feasible, but early loss to follow‐up must be addressed through simplified, affordable management and community support and sensitization.
afila, the origin and nature of a major innovation in the history of pea breeding
Authors: Tayeh Nadim , Hofer Julie M. I. , Aubert Grégoire , Jacquin Françoise , Turner Lynda , Kreplak Jonathan , Paajanen Pirita , Le Signor Christine , Dalmais Marion , Pflieger Stéphanie , Geffroy Valérie , Ellis Noel , Burstin Judith 
Published: June 2024

Summary

The afila (af) mutation causes the replacement of leaflets by a branched mass of tendrils in the compound leaves of pea – Pisum sativum L. This mutation was first described in 1953, and several reports of spontaneous af mutations and induced mutants with a similar phenotype exist. Despite widespread introgression into breeding material, the nature of af and the origin of the alleles used remain unknown.

Here, we combine comparative genomics with reverse genetic approaches to elucidate the genetic determinants of af. We also investigate haplotype diversity using a set of AfAf and afaf cultivars and breeding lines and molecular markers linked to seven consecutive genes.

Our results show that deletion of two tandemly arranged genes encoding Q‐type Cys(2)His(2) zinc finger transcription factors, PsPALM1a and PsPALM1b, is responsible for the af phenotype in pea. Eight haplotypes were identified in the af‐harbouring genomic region on chromosome 2. These haplotypes differ in the size of the deletion, covering more or less genes.

Diversity at the af locus is valuable for crop improvement and sheds light on the history of pea breeding for improved standing ability. The results will be used to understand the function of PsPALM1a/b and to transfer the knowledge for innovation in related crops.
Gastric dysplastic lesions in Helicobacter pylori‐naïve stomach: Foveolar‐type adenoma and intestinal‐type dysplasia
Authors: Shibagaki Kotaro , Kushima Ryoji , Mishiro Tsuyoshi , Araki Asuka , Niino Daisuke , Ishimura Norihisa , Ishihara Shunji 
Published: June 2024

AbstractReports of Helicobacter pylori (Hp)‐naïve gastric neoplasm (HpNGN) cases have been rapidly increasing due to the recent increase in the Hp‐naïve population in Japan. Most HpNGNs exhibit the gastric immunophenotype and a low malignant potential regardless of histological type. Especially, foveolar‐type gastric adenoma (FGA) and intestinal‐type gastric dysplasia (IGD) rarely progress to invasive carcinoma. FGA is a foveolar epithelial neoplasm that occurs in the fundic gland (oxyntic gland) mucosa and is classified as the flat type or raspberry type (FGA‐RA). The flat type is a large, whitish flatly elevated lesion while FGA‐RA is a small reddish polyp. Genomically, the flat type is characterized by APC and KRAS gene mutations and FGA‐RA by a common single nucleotide variant in the KLF4 gene. This KLF4 single‐nucleotide variant reportedly induces gastric foveolar epithelial tumorigenesis and activates both cell proliferation and apoptosis, leading to its slow‐growing nature. IGD consists of an intestinalized epithelial dysplasia that develops in the pyloric gland mucosa, characterized as a superficial depressed lesion surrounded by raised mucosa showing a gastritis‐like appearance. Immunohistochemically, it exhibits an intestinal or gastrointestinal phenotype and, frequently, p53 overexpression. Thus, IGD shows unique characteristics in HpNGNs and a potential multistep tumorigenic process.
Floral thermal biology in relation to pollen thermal performance in an early spring flowering plant
Authors: Sherer T. N. , Heiling J. M. , Koski M. H. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The floral microenvironment impacts gametophyte viability and plant–pollinator interactions. Plants employ mechanisms to modify floral temperature, including thermogenesis, absorption of solar radiation, and evaporative cooling. Whether floral thermoregulation impacts reproductive fitness, and how floral morphological variation mediates thermoregulatory capacity are poorly understood.

We measured temperature of the floral microenvironment in the field and tested for thermogenesis in the lab in early spring flowering Hexastylis arifolia (Aristolochiaceae). We evaluated whether thermoregulatory capacity was associated with floral morphological variation. Finally, we experimentally determined the thermal optimum and tolerance of pollen to assess whether thermoregulation may ameliorate thermal stress to pollen.

Pollen germination was optimal near 21 °C, with a 50% tolerance breadth of ~18 °C. In laboratory conditions, flowers exhibited thermogenesis of 1.5–4.8 °C for short intervals within a conserved timeframe (08:00–09:00 h). In the field, temperature inside the floral tube often deviated from ambient – floral interiors were up to 4 °C above ambient when it was cold, but some fell nearly 10 °C below ambient during peak heat. Flowers with smaller openings were cooler and more thermally stable than those with larger openings during peak heat. Thermoregulation maintained a floral microenvironment within the thermal tolerance breadth of pollen.

Results suggest that H. arifolia flowers have a stronger capacity to cool than to warm, and that narrower floral openings create a distinct floral microenvironment, enhancing floral cooling effects. While deviation of floral temperature from ambient conditions maintains a suitable environment for pollen and suggests an adaptive role of thermoregulation, we discuss adaptive and nonadaptive mechanisms underlying floral warming and cooling.
Clinical presentations and diagnostic application of proposed biomarkers in psychiatric‐onset prodromal dementia with Lewy bodies
Authors: Kobayashi Ryota , Iwata‐Endo Kuniyuki , Fujishiro Hiroshige 
Published: June 2024

AbstractResearch criteria for the diagnosis of prodromal dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) include three clinical subtypes: mild cognitive impairment with Lewy bodies (MCI‐LB), delirium‐onset prodromal DLB, and psychiatric‐onset prodromal DLB. Late‐onset psychiatric manifestations are at a higher risk of developing dementia, but its relation to prodromal DLB remains unclear. In addition to the risk of severe antipsychotic hypersensitivity reactions, accurate discrimination from non‐DLB cases is important due to the potential differences in management and prognosis. This article aims to review a rapidly evolving psychiatric topic and outline clinical pictures of psychiatric‐onset prodromal DLB, including the proposed biomarker findings of MCI‐LB: polysomnography‐confirmed rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder, cardiac [123I]metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy, and striatal dopamine transporter imaging. We first reviewed clinical pictures of patients with autopsy‐confirmed DLB. Regarding clinical reports, we focused on the patients who predominantly presented with psychiatric manifestations and subsequently developed DLB. Thereafter, we reviewed clinical studies regarding the diagnostic applications of the proposed biomarkers to patients with late‐onset psychiatric disorders. Clinical presentations were mainly late‐onset depression and psychosis; however, other clinical manifestations were also reported. Psychotropic medications before a DLB diagnosis may cause extrapyramidal signs, and potentially influences the proposed biomarker findings. These risks complicate clinical manifestation interpretation during the management of psychiatric symptoms. Longitudinal follow‐up studies with standardised evaluations until conversion to DLB are needed to investigate the temporal trajectories of core features and proposed biomarker findings. In patients with late‐onset psychiatric disorders, identification of patients with psychiatric‐onset prodromal DLB provides the opportunity to better understanding the distinct prognostic subgroup that is at great risk of incident dementia. Advances in the establishment of direct biomarkers for the detection of pathological α‐synuclein may encourage reorganising the phenotypic variability of prodromal DLB.
‘I don't know my way about’: Mirror reversal as a curiously instructive analogue of philosophical perplexity
Authors: English Andrew 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWittgenstein said in the Investigations, ‘A philosophical problem has the form: “I don't know my way about”’ (§ 123). The problem of mirror reversal—specifically the twentieth‐century transatlantic controversy between the psychologist Richard Gregory, the mathematical columnist Martin Gardner, the physicist Richard Feynman and various analytic philosophers, including David Pears, Ned Block and Don Locke—is presented here as an instructive case of our not knowing our way about. ‘Why do mirrors reverse left and right but not up and down?’ We discover that our perplexity disappears as we get clearer about the employment of the familiar oppositions left and right, up and down, back and front, and others. Finding our way about in these logico‐grammatical fells, we see connections with our troubles in more vertiginous landscapes. Our disquietude may not be deep (§ 111) but the ‘battle against the bewitchment of our intelligence’ (§ 109) is surprisingly severe.