bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of the nuclear envelope in genome organization and gene expression
Authors: Van de Vosse David W. , Wan Yakun , Wozniak Richard W. , Aitchison John D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAlthough often depicted as a static structure upon which proteinaceous factors bind to control gene expression, the genome is actually highly mobile and capable of exploring the complex domain architecture of the nucleus, which in turn controls genome maintenance and gene expression. Numerous genes relocate from the nuclear periphery to the nuclear interior upon activation and are hypothesized to interact with pre‐assembled sites of transcription. In contrast to the nuclear interior, the nuclear periphery is widely regarded as transcriptionally silent. This is reflected by the preferential association of heterochromatin with the nuclear envelope (NE). However, some activated genes are recruited to the nuclear periphery through interactions with nuclear pore complexes (NPCs), and NPC components are capable of preventing the spread of silent chromatin into adjacent regions of active chromatin, leading to the speculation that NPCs may facilitate the transition of chromatin between transcriptional states. Thus, the NE might better be considered as a discontinuous platform that promotes both gene activation and repression. As such, it is perhaps not surprising that many disease states are frequently associated with alterations in the NE. Here, we review the effects of the NE and its constituents on chromatin organization and gene expression. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2011 3 147–166 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.101This article is categorized under:

Biological Mechanisms > Regulatory Biology
Building mentoring relationships
Authors: Hamilton Stephen F. , Hamilton Mary Agnes 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis article is the first of three brief commentaries on this volume. The authors are highly influential pioneers in the study of youth mentoring relationships, and their contributions helped shape the focus of the conceptual framework featured in the opening article by Karcher and Nakkula. Their commentary sheds light on the history of key issues presented in this volume, including the origins of their early work on instrumentality—goal‐focused orientation—and relationship building in youth mentoring, and links those efforts to the contributions presented in this special issue.
Culture, context, and innovation: A Kiwi Canuck perspective
Authors: Marshall Dave , Shaver Karen 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis commentary lends a global practitioner perspective on the utility of this volume to the efforts of mentors and mentees and mentoring program developers. Dave Marshall and Karen Shaver, of Big Brothers Big Sisters New Zealand and Canada, respectively, offer keen insights into the value of creating a shared language for discussing mentoring relationship development, while at the same time acknowledging the specific impact that cultural differences play in helping to shape mentoring processes.
Effect of feed type and sex on digestibility and feed efficiency utilization in black spiny‐tailed iguana (Ctenosaura pectinata)
Authors: Rueda‐Zozaya P. , Mendoza G.D. , Crosby M.M. , González G. , Reynoso V.H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDigestibility, feed efficiency, and the effect of sex were evaluated in black iguanas (Ctenosaura pectinata) using two commercial pellets (rabbit and chicken). The experiment was performed in 80 iguanas in a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement 2×2 over 105 days. No differences were detected by food type in weight gain (chicken vs. rabbit: 121 vs. 154 mg/d) and daily intake (chicken vs. rabbit: 524 vs. 551 mg/d), but differences were detected (P<0.05) in feed conversion (chicken vs. rabbit: 6.45 vs. 4.47). Rabbit pellets showed higher digestibility than chicken food (P<0.01) in dry matter (59.8 vs. 41.4%) and NDF (55.4 vs. 43.6%), respectively. Sex had no effect in any of the variable responses. Black iguanas can be raised since 6 months old in captivity with commercial food designed for rabbit or broiler. No special physiological adaptations occur in black iguanas correlated with change in feeding habits during ontogeny. Zoo Biol 30:349–354, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of aphid–host plant pairs on the survivorship and development of the multicolored Asian ladybird beetle: implications for the management of vegetation in rural landscapes
Authors: Kamo Tsunashi , Tokuoka Yoshinori , Miyazaki Masahisa 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAlthough the value of noncrop vegetation for biological control has been extensively studied in agricultural landscapes, there are few reports on how it functions mechanistically. When focusing on the pest control function provided by noncrop vegetation, tritrophic interactions among a predatory natural enemy, its prey, and the prey's host plant need to be examined. In Japan, the multicolored Asian ladybird beetle, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), an aphidophage, serves as a natural pest control agent in agricultural production, although the species’ introduction into Europe and North America for pest control has had a negative impact on native ecosystems. In the present study, 33 aphid–plant pairs from an agricultural landscape in the eastern Kanto region of Japan were examined experimentally for initial larval survivorship and development of H. axyridis. Significant differences were found among plant–aphid pairs with regard to these parameters. In addition, the larval survivorship of H. axyridis was not consistently determined by host plant or aphid species alone but was context‐dependently influenced by the aphid–plant combination. Some alien host plants showed positive effects on the ladybird beetle. Others, however, served as hosts for unsuitable prey species, such as the competitive alien plants Solidago canadensis L. and Robinia pseudoacacia L., which are the host plants of Uroleucon nigrotuberculatum (Olive) and Aphis craccivora Koch, respectively. These findings suggest that various noncrop plants could be managed to promote ladybird beetle populations in rural landscapes.
A simple method to predict pretracheal tissue thickness to prevent accidental decannulation in the obese
Authors: Szeto Christopher , Kost Karen , Hanley James A. , Roy Ann , Christou Nicholas 
Published: July 2010

OBJECTIVEAccidental decannulation is the most common and serious complication associated with tracheostomy in obese patients. We lack a simple way to choose appropriate‐size tracheostomy tubes in this patient subset. Our purpose was to 1) establish the range of trachea‐to‐skin soft tissue thickness (TTSSTT) in obese patients and 2) determine which easily obtained anthropometric measurements are most predictive of TTSSTT.STUDY DESIGNCase series with planned data collection.SETTINGTertiary care center.SUBJECTS AND METHODSForty consenting patients with body mass index ranging from 30 to 70 were evaluated. These patients, from a bariatric clinic, underwent ultrasound (US) of the neck in predetermined sitting, supine, and neck‐extended positions (as for tracheostomy). US was performed by a qualified radiologist. Standard anthropometric measurements of weight, height, arm, hip, waist, and neck sizes were performed. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine which anthropometric measurements best correlated with TTSSTT.RESULTSThe TTSSTT, as measured by US in the supine position, ranged from 0.65 to 3.53 cm. Although the anthropometric measurement most predictive of TTSSTT was waist circumference, a combination of the more practical arm and neck circumferences resulted in an equivalent correlation (r = 0.82). The average root mean squared error was 0.4 cm. From the fitted regression equation, a table predicting TTSSTT from neck and arm circumference was prepared.CONCLUSIONTTSSTT can be closely predicted using simple anthropometric tape measures. The predicted TTSSTT can be used to select appropriate tracheostomy tube size in obese patients. Use of this simple tool is expected to significantly reduce the incidence of accidental decannulation in obese patients.© 2010 American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
Noise exposure and convertible cars
Authors: Michael Philip , Opie Neil , Smith Michael 
Published: July 2010

OBJECTIVETo investigate whether drivers of convertible cars are exposed to excessive noise levels.STUDY DESIGNProspective.SETTINGData were collected along a main United Kingdom highway.SUBJECTS AND METHODSSeven cars were included within the study, encompassing a range in cost, power, and comfort. A calibrated, integrating noise meter was used to measure average noise levels (Leq dB) and peak levels (Lmax dB) encountered in the region of the driver's roadside ear with the convertible roof lowered. Readings were recorded at speeds of 50, 60, and 70 mph with the windows lowered and also at 70 mph with the windows raised.RESULTSNoise levels for all testing conditions had a range for Leq of 82 dB to 92 dB, whereas the maximum Lmax level noted for articulated lorries was 99 dB.CONCLUSIONA minimal trend toward increasing noise levels with speed was noted for the speeds tested. A statistically significant difference in noise reduction was found by raising the car windows. Although average levels were noted to be above the 85 dB criterion level legislated by some organizations, the length and frequency of most car journeys with the convertible roof lowered is unlikely to significantly increase the noise exposure risk of most individuals. Future studies may be able to evaluate whether a temporary threshold shift phenomenon may occur.© 2010 American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
Correlating voice handicap index and quantitative videostroboscopy following injection laryngoplasty for unilateral vocal paralysis
Authors: Lau David Pang Cheng , Zhang Edward Zhiyong , Wong Seng Mun , Lee Gwyneth , Chan Yiong Huak 
Published: July 2010

OBJECTIVE1) Determine the correlation between voice handicap index and quantitative videostroboscopy for patients undergoing injection laryngoplasty for unilateral vocal paralysis; 2) assess which videostroboscopy measurements correlate best with voice handicap index in patients demonstrating progressive improvement beyond six months following injection laryngoplasty.STUDY DESIGNCase series with chart review.SETTINGPatients undergoing outpatient injection laryngoplasty with hyaluronic acid between 2005 and 2007.SUBJECTS AND METHODSTwenty‐eight patients were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively using voice handicap index and videostroboscopy. Various videostroboscopy measurements were quantified: glottic open area (ratio of open to total glottic area during closed phase of phonation), glottic closed phase (frame ratio of closed phase to total glottic cycle), supraglottic compression (percent encroachment of supraglottis onto best‐fit ellipse around glottis), wave amplitude (difference in glottic open area between open and closed phases), and wave duration (number of frames per glottic cycle). Correlation coefficients were calculated using Spearman's r.RESULTSOne hundred seventeen separate recordings were analyzed. Correlation coefficients between voice handicap index (normalized to preoperative values) and glottic closed phase showed moderate‐strong correlation (r = −0.733, P = 0.001), while glottic open area and wave duration showed weak‐moderate correlation (r = 0.465, P < 0.001 and r = −0.404, P < 0.001 respectively). Other parameters showed poor correlation. A subset of 25 recordings from eight patients with progressive voice handicap index improvement beyond six months showed highest correlation with supraglottic compression (r = 0.504, P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONVoice handicap index correlates best with glottic closed phase, suggesting duration of vocal fold closure during the glottic cycle best represents patients’ subjective outcome post‐procedure. Progressive improvement in voice handicap index beyond six months may relate to gradual reduction in compensatory supraglottic compression, with moderate correlation.© 2010 American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
Die wahre Gesundheit - Einige Anmerkungen zum Thema Laieninformation über Medizin
Authors: Wewetzer Hartmut 
Published: July 2010

Einleitung
Die Themen Wissenschaft, Medizin und Gesundheit interessieren viele Leser, wie aus Befragungen immer wieder hervorgeht. Unabhängige und kritische Information ist auf diesem Gebiet eigentlich so unerlässlich wie hilfreich. Trotzdem führt der Medizin- und Wissenschaftsjournalismus nach einem Zwischenhoch mittlerweile ein eher gefährdetes Dasein.
Hypolipidaemic and antioxidative effects of oligonol, a low-molecular-weight polyphenol derived from lychee fruit, on renal damage in type 2 diabetic mice
Authors: Noh Jeong Sook , Kim Hyun Young , Park Chan Hum , Fujii Hajime , Yokozawa Takako 
Published: July 2010

Oligonol was orally administered at 10 or 20 mg/kg body weight per d for 8 weeks todb/dbmice with type 2 diabetes, and its effects were compared with those of the vehicle indb/dbandm/m(misty, non-diabetic) mice. Serum and renal biochemical factors, protein expressions related to lipid metabolism and inflammation, and advanced glycation endproducts were measured. There were significant reductions in the serum lipid concentration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation, as well as improvements in renal function parameters. In addition, oligonol treatment significantly decreased ROS levels and lipid peroxidation in the kidney. In particular, the renal lipid contents such as TAG and total cholesterol were significantly reduced in the oligonol-administered groups through the up-regulation of PPARα and down-regulation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 indb/dbmice. Moreover, oligonol inhibited non-fluorescent AGE formation and their receptor expression, suggesting that it could effectively inhibit AGE development caused by oxidative stress and/or dyslipidaemia in the kidney ofdb/dbmice. Furthermore, augmented expressions of NF-κBp65, cyclo-oxygenase-2 and inducible NO synthase were down-regulated to the levels ofm/mmice in the group given oligonol at 20 mg/kg. This means that oligonol would act as a regulator in the inflammatory response of type 2 diabetes. The present results suggest that oligonol could have renoprotective effects against abnormal lipid metabolism and ROS-related AGE formation in type 2 diabetes.
Enveloping semigroups of unipotent affine transformations of the torus
Authors: PIKUŁA RAFAŁ 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe provide a description of the enveloping semigroup of the affine unipotent transformation T:X→X of the form T(x)=Ax+α, where A is a lower triangular unipotent matrix, α is a constant vector, and X is a finite-dimensional torus. In particular, we show that in this case the enveloping semigroup is a nilpotent group whose nilpotency class is at most the dimension of the underlying torus.
Bowen’s equation in the non-uniform setting
Authors: CLIMENHAGA VAUGHN 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe show that Bowen’s equation, which characterizes the Hausdorff dimension of certain sets in terms of the topological pressure of an expanding conformal map, applies in greater generality than has been heretofore established. In particular, we consider an arbitrary subset Z of a compact metric space and require only that the lower Lyapunov exponents be positive on Z, together with a tempered contraction condition. Among other things, this allows us to compute the dimension spectrum for Lyapunov exponents for maps with parabolic periodic points, and to relate the Hausdorff dimension to the topological entropy for arbitrary subsets of symbolic space with the appropriate metric.
Extension of harmonic cut-off in a waveform controlled laser field by prolonging the recombining period
Authors: Xu Junjie , Yu Yongli , Zeng Bin 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe present a novel waveform synthesized by a half-cycle fundamental wave (800 nm) and a half-cycle subharmonic wave (2400 nm) with an appropriate carrier-envelope phase and a phase delay, in which more ionized electrons can recombine with its parent ions to emit high-order harmonic, giving rise to both the extension of the extreme ultraviolet supercontinuum and the enhancement of harmonic conversion efficiency. An isolated attosecond pulse with considerable energy is obtained as well. By performing time-frequency analyses, it is revealed that the prolonged opposite electric field increases the recombining probability of high-energy electrons.
A systematic review of outbreak and non-outbreak studies of extraintestinal pathogenicEscherichia colicausing community-acquired infections
Authors: GEORGE D. B. , MANGES A. R. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYA systematic review of outbreak and non-outbreak studies of infections caused by extraintestinal pathogenicEscherichia coli(ExPEC) was conducted. This review examines the epidemiology, seasonality, source or mode of transmission, and temporal changes, based onE. coliserogroup, in ExPEC causing sporadicvs. outbreak-associated infections. Twelve outbreak and 28 non-outbreak studies were identified. The existence of ExPEC outbreaks was well supported. Three of four outbreak reports indicated peak periods during the winter months. Serogroups associated with outbreak infections ranged from 1% to 26% (average 11·4%)vs. (range 1–15%, average 3·5%) for serogroups associated with sporadic infections; the distribution of serogroups also differed for outbreak and non-outbreak infections. Study authors indicated that the outbreaks may have resulted from foodborne transmission, but direct evidence was unavailable. This review provides evidence that the epidemiology of endemicvs. epidemic ExPEC infections differs; however, study reporting quality limited epidemiological inferences.
Herd contact structure based on shared use of water points and grazing points in the Highlands of Ethiopia
Authors: WARET-SZKUTA A. , ORTIZ-PELAEZ A. , PFEIFFER D. U. , ROGER F. , GUITIAN F. J. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThe use of shared common water points (WPs) and grazing points (GPs) at two different levels of administrative aggregation (village and kebelle) in a region of the Highlands of Ethiopia was explored by means of a questionnaire survey and social network analysis. Despite GPs being more abundant than WPs (208 and 154, respectively), individual GPs provide more contact opportunities for animals. There was great variability in the contact structure of the selected villages within kebelles for both networks, with this variability being higher in the GP networks for each kebelle. Contrary to the commonly held view that WPs are critical for the potential transmission of infectious diseases, intervention at GPs in the Ethiopian Highlands may have greater impact on contacts and thereby opportunities for transmission of infectious diseases between flocks. Some villages appear naturally at much lower risk of introducing disease. These findings could help the design of surveillance and control activities for directly transmitted infectious diseases.
The clinical assessment of orthostatic hypotension
Authors: Davis Karl R 
Published: July 2010

SummaryOrthostatic hypotension is a common condition seen in up to one-third of community-dwelling and two-thirds of hospitalized older people. It is part of a spectrum of abnormal cardiovascular responses to postural challenge and is associated with syncope, dizziness, falls, volume depletion, drug side-effects and an increased mortality. This article discusses the current classification of orthostatic hypotension and related conditions, and the clinical importance of the control of the cardiovascular response to orthostasis. These are considered with particular reference to the measurement of postural cardiovascular responses in the routine clinical setting. By improving understanding of the methods that are used for assessment of postural changes in blood pressure, clinicians should have greater confidence in the reliability of measurement and in their interpretation.
Sans,préposition négative d’avec?
Authors: CHOI-JONIN INJOO , MIGNON FRANÇOISE 
Published: July 2010

RÉSUMÉLe présent article a pour but de réexaminer la valeur du motsans, généralement considéré comme préposition négative d’avec. En limitant l'examen des emplois desansaux cas où celui-ci est suivi d'un constituant nominal, nous démontrons (i) que les contextes syntaxiques dans lesquels apparaissentsansetavecsont sensiblement différents, et (ii) que la valeur négative desansne peut pas être assimilée à la négation de la construction enavec. Il est proposé une hypothèse selon laquellesansest un négatif incorporant lenediscordantiel et que le régime nominal desansprésente sémantiquement une structure propositionnelle.
Erratum: Relative roles of niche and neutral processes in structuring a soil microbial community
Authors: Dumbrell Alex J , Nelson Michaela , Helgason Thorunn , Dytham Calvin , Fitter Alastair H 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Correction to: The ISME Journal (2010) 4, 337–345; doi:10.1038/ismej.2009.122; published online 19 November 2009 Since the publication of this paper, the authors have noticed an error in Supplementary Figure 2. The corrected supplementary figure can be accessed via the online version of this corrigendum.
Tissue‐type plasminogen activator induces plasmin‐dependent proteolysis of intracellular neuronal nitric oxide synthase
Authors: Baron Amandine , Hommet Yannick , Cassé Frédéric , Vivien Denis 
Published: July 2010

Background information. Despite its pro‐fibrinolytic activity, tPA (tissue plasminogen activator) is a serine protease known to influence a number of physiological and pathological functions in the central nervous system. Accordingly, tPA was reported to mediate some of its functions in the central nervous system through NMDA (N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate) receptors, LRP (low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein) or annexin II.Results. We provide here both in vitro and in vivo evidence that tPA could mediate proteolysis and subsequent delocalization of neuronal nitric oxide synthase, thereby reducing endogenous neuronal nitric oxide release. We also demonstrate that although this effect is independent of NMDA receptors, LRP signalling and calpain‐mediated proteolysis, it is dependent on the ability of tPA to promote the conversion of plasminogen into plasmin.Conclusion. Altogether, these results demonstrate a new function for tPA in the central nervous system, which most likely contributes to its pleiotropic functions.