bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can contrast‐enhanced sonography distinguish benign from malignant breast masses?
Authors: Sorelli P. G. , Cosgrove D. O. , Svensson W. E. , Zaman N. , Satchithananda K. , Barrett N. K. , Lim A. K. P. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackgroundWe investigated whether microvascular enhancement on contrast‐enhanced sonographic (CEUS) imaging can aid in distinguishing between benign and malignant lesions and correlated these findings with histopathological findings.MethodFifteen patients with a palpable breast mass were recruited. Following informed consent, 4.8 mL of the microbubble contrast agent SonoVue was injected intravenously. Digital video clips of lesion enhancement were obtained and reviewed by a consultant radiologist who scored each lesion on the following characteristics: homogeneous versus heterogeneous enhancement, the presence or absence of focal defects, well‐ versus ill‐defined margins and vascular morphology score (VMS).ResultHistologically there were 7 malignant and 8 benign lesions. The calculated sensitivity for CEUS in the diagnosis of malignancy was 100%, with a 37.5% specificity. There was no statistically significant difference in overall mean VMS between the malignant and benign lesions.ConclusionThe results of our study have not shown any additional benefit in the use of CEUS over conventional triple assessment. The positive trend seen in the higher mean VMS for the malignant tumors needs further investigation with a larger cohort of patients. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2010
Polylactide nanoparticles containing stably incorporated cyanine dyes for in vitro and in vivo imaging applications
Authors: Tong Rong , Coyle Virginia J. , Tang Li , Barger Anne M. , Fan Timothy M. , Cheng Jianjun 
Published: February 2010

AbstractStably incorporating fluorescent molecules to polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) or micelles can facilitate the prolonged tracking of these drug‐delivery vehicles in vitro and in vivo. However, incorporation of fluorescent molecules, usually charged and thereby water‐soluble, through the encapsulation strategy to hydrophobic polymer matrices is challenging. The encapsulated fluorescent agents are also subject to rapid release when the polymeric NPs are exposed to biological media. To address this issue, we developed Cy5‐conjugated polylactide (Cy5‐PLA) NPs through Cy5/(BDI)ZnN(TMS)2 [(BDI) = 2‐((2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)amido)‐4‐((2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)‐imino)‐2‐pentene]‐mediated ring‐opening polymerization of lactide (LA) followed by nanoprecipitation. This process allows for covalent conjugation of Cy5 to PLA with quantitative incorporation efficiency and formulation of Cy5‐PLA NPs with controlled particles size (≈100 nm). As much as 80% of Cy5 was still present in the Cy5‐PLA NPs after theses NPs were incubated in PBS at 37°C for 12 days. Cy5‐PLA NPs were conjugated to the A10 RNA aptamer that binds to the prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA). The resulting Cy5‐PLA/aptamer NPs were found to only bind to and get internalized by LNCaP and canine prostate adenocarcinoma cells (PSMA‐positive), but not to PC3 cells (PSMA‐negative). The Cy5‐PLA NPs were administered to balb/c mice intravenously and found to have excellent signals with low‐background fluorescence in various organs. Microsc. Res. Tech. 73:901–909, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
(R)‐N‐Methyl‐3‐(3′‐[18F]fluoropropyl)phenoxy)‐3‐phenylpropanamine (18F‐MFP3) as a potential PET imaging agent for norepinephrine transporter
Authors: Nguyen Vivien L. , Pichika Rama , Bhakta Paayal H. , Kant Ritu , Mukherjee Jogeshwar 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA decline of norepinephrine transporter (NET) level is associated with several psychiatric and neurological disorders. Therefore positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agents are greatly desired to study the NET pathway. We have developed aC‐fluoropropyl analog of nisoxetine: (R)‐N‐methyl‐3‐(3′‐[18F]fluoropropyl)phenoxy)‐3‐phenylpropanamine (18F‐MFP3) as a new potential PET radiotracer for NET with the advantage of the longer half‐life of fluorine‐18 (110 min compared with carbon‐11 (20 min). Synthesis of (R)‐N‐methyl‐3‐(3′‐fluoropropyl)phenoxy)‐3‐phenylpropanamine (MFP3) was achieved in five steps starting from (S)‐N‐methyl‐3‐ol‐3‐phenylpropanamine in approx. 3–5% overall yields. In vitro binding affinity of nisoxetine and MFP3 in rat brain homogenates labeled with3H‐nisoxetine gave Ki values of 8.02 nM and 23 nM, respectively. For radiosynthesis of18F‐MFP3, fluorine‐18 was incorporated into a tosylate precursor, followed by the deprotection of theN‐BOC‐protected amine group with a 15% decay corrected yield in 2.5 h. Reverse‐phase chromatographic purification provided18F‐MFP3 in specific activities of >2000 Ci/mmol. Fluorine‐18 labeled18F‐MFP3 has been produced in modest radiochemical yields and in high specific activities. Evaluation of18F‐MFP3 in animal imaging studies is in progress in order to validate this new fluorine‐18 radiotracer for PET imaging of NET. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and biodistribution of [11C]SN‐38
Authors: Apana Scott M. , Anderson Lawrence W. , Berridge Marc S. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractSN‐38 (7‐ethyl‐10‐hydroxy camptothecin) is a topoisomerase I inhibitor that is the active chemotherapeutic agent of irinotecan, indicated for colon cancer. Because the rate of response to irinotecan treatment is low, it is of interest to have a prognostic indicator to identify and more selectively treat those who are likely to respond to treatment. We have therefore prepared SN‐38 labeled with carbon‐11. SN‐38 was prepared by radical oxidation of 3‐[11C]propionaldehyde and subsequent radical addition of the ethyl fragment to 10‐hydroxycamptothecin. Labeled propionaldehyde was prepared by reaction of methyl iodide with 2‐lithiomethyl‐1,3‐dioxolane. Overall chemical yield was 34% from carbon dioxide. The murine biodistribution and radiation dosimetry of [11C]SN‐38 was measured by PET scanning in preparation for initial human studies. Biodistribution was fairly uniform except for hepatobiliary and urinary excretion. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Suppression of blood glucose level by a new fermented tea obtained by tea‐rolling processing of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) and green tea leaves in disaccharide‐loaded Sprague‐Dawley rats
Authors: Tamaya Kei , Matsui Toshiro , Toshima Asami , Noguchi Mai , Ju Qiu , Miyata Yuji , Tanaka Takashi , Tanaka Kazunari 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: In the field of food science, much interest has been focused on the development of alternative medicinal foods with the ability to regulate excess blood glucose level (BGL) rise. The authors have successfully developed a new fermented tea product (LG tea) by co‐fermentation of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) leaf and summer‐harvested green tea leaf. The objective of this study was to examine the acute suppression effect of LG tea on BGL rise in disaccharide‐loaded Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rats and to evaluate its possible usage as an antidiabetic functional food material.RESULTS: As a result of single oral administration of hot water extract of LG tea (50 mg kg−1) to maltose‐loaded SD rats, BGL at 30 min was significantly decreased by 23.8% (P < 0.01) compared with the control. A corresponding reduction in serum insulin secretion was also observed. The ED50 value of LG tea (50.7 mg kg−1) was estimated to be about 16‐fold higher than that of the therapeutic drug acarbose (3.1 mg kg−1).CONCLUSION: No significant change in BGL was observed when sucrose or glucose was administered, suggesting that the suppression effect of LG tea was achieved by maltase inhibition, not by sucrase inhibition or glucose transport inhibition at the intestinal membrane. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Scirpusin A, a hydroxystilbene dimer from Xinjiang wine grape, acts as an effective singlet oxygen quencher and DNA damage protector
Authors: Kong Qingjun , Ren Xueyan , Jiang Liyan , Pan Yuanjiang , Sun Cuirong 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Grapes and red wines are rich sources of phenolic compounds such as anthocyanins, catechins, flavonols and stilbenes, most of which are potent antioxidants showing cardioprotective properties. We first isolated scirpusin A, a hydroxystilbene dimer, from a wine grape of Xinjiang, and studied its antioxidant activity.RESULTS: Reactive oxygen species scavenging effects and the protection against reactive singlet oxygen‐induced DNA damage of scirpusin A have been investigated in our experiments. The concentration of scirpusin A required to inhibit 50% of 1O2 generation was 17 µmol L−1, while addition of scirpusin A at 140 µmol L−1 caused complete inhibition. Further kinetic study revealed that the reaction of Scirpusin A with singlet oxygen has an extremely high rate constant (ka = 4.68 × 109 L mol−1 s−1). Scirpusin A (140 µmol L−1) exhibited significant inhibition effects on pBR322 DNA breakage. However, scavenging effects of scirpusin A on superoxide anion O2•− and hydroxyl radical ·OH were not potent as the inhibitor rates at a concentration of 1400 µmol L−1 were 28.83% and 19.5%, respectively.CONCLUSION: The present study shows that scirpusin A is a selective quencher of singlet oxygen and a protector against reactive singlet oxygen‐induced pBR322 DNA damage at very low concentrations. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of colour type and previous cultivation on secondary metabolites in hypocotyls and leaves of maca (Lepidium meyenii Walpers)
Authors: Clément Céline , Diaz Grados Diego A , Avula Bharathi , Khan Ihklas A , Mayer Andrea C , Ponce Aguirre Dante D , Manrique Ivan , Kreuzer Michael 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Maca is an Andean crop of the Brassicaceae family which is mainly known for its fertility‐enhancing properties following consumption. The hypocotyls display various colours ranging from white to black. Each colour has different biological effects. The aim of this study was to analyse the concentrations of major secondary metabolites in hypocotyls and leaves of maca in a controlled planting experiment in the Peruvian Andes at 4130 m above sea level. The effects of colour type and of previous cultivation of the field were examined.RESULTS: In the hypocotyls, the colour type effect was significant for most secondary metabolites; exceptions were β‐sitosterol and campesterol. The lead‐coloured, yellow and violet maca hypocotyls were rich in glucosinolates, macaene and macamides, respectively. Previous cultivation affected macaene, campesterol and indole glucosinolate concentrations. Effects on metabolite concentrations in the leaves were minor. Hypocotyls were richer in macaene, macamides and glucosinolates than were leaves, and were poorer in β‐sitosterol and total phenols.CONCLUSION: Colour type has to be considered in maca production, as colour associates with variations in concentrations of distinct bioactive metabolites. Leaves may be interesting for animal nutrition purposes as they contain essentially the same secondary metabolites as the hypocotyls but in clearly lower concentrations. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Direct competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for rapid screening of anisakid larvae in seafood
Authors: Xu Xu , Sui Jianxin , Cao Limin , Lin Hong 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Anisakid larvae are one of the most important pathogenic parasites in marine products; however, simple and rapid analytical techniques for them are still very limited. In this research, based on specific rabbit polyclonal antibodies which were raised against crude extracts of Anisakis larvae, purified by protein A affinity chromatography and labeled with horseradish peroxidase, a direct competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed and validated for detection of anisakid larvae in seafood.RESULTS: The established method exhibited a broad selectivity to Anisakis larvae and Pseudoterranova larvae, and the lowest detection limit to them was estimated to be about 5 parasites kg−1 in food matrix. Using Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae, Scomberomorus niphonius and Ommastrephes bartrami as samples and within spiking concentrations from 20 to 100 larvae kg−1, the determination recovery for Anisakis larvae and Pseudoterranova larvae ranged from 77.8% to 107.0%, with relative standard deviations all less than 20%.CONCLUSION: The results allowed us to suggest the established direct competitive ELISA as an effective analytical tool for fast screening of anisakid larvae in sea foods. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Longitudinal mental health screening results among postdeployed U.S. soldiers preparing to deploy again
Authors: Duma Susan J. , Reger Mark A. , Canning Sally S. , McNeil J. Derek , Gahm Gregory A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractMental health concerns have been documented in soldiers postdeployed from Iraq or Afghanistan, but information is limited regarding individuals directed to deploy again. Routine screening assessed symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, panic, and hazardous alcohol consumption among 443 soldiers after returning from deployment and again before the next deployment. Initial rates for meeting screening criteria were under 9% with most around 5%. The average number of symptoms reported for depression, anxiety, and alcohol consumption decreased from first to second screening, as did the percentage of participants who met screening criteria for hazardous alcohol consumption. No change was observed on other screening measures. The findings suggest that mental health symptoms remain stable or decline for soldiers repeating deployment.
Combat‐injured service members and their families: The relationship of child distress and spouse‐perceived family distress and disruption
Authors: Cozza Stephen J. , Guimond Jennifer M. , McKibben Jodi B. A. , Chun Ryo S. , Arata‐Maiers Teresa L. , Schneider Brett , Maiers Alan , Fullerton Carol S. , Ursano Robert J. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractCombat injury in military service members affects both child and family functioning. This preliminary study examined the relationship of child distress postinjury to preinjury deployment‐related family distress, injury severity, and family disruption postinjury. Child distress postinjury was assessed by reports from 41 spouses of combat‐injured service members who had been hospitalized at two military tertiary care treatment centers. Families with high preinjury deployment‐related family distress and high family disruption postinjury were more likely to report high child distress postinjury. Spouse‐reported injury severity was unrelated to child distress. Findings suggest that early identification and intervention with combat‐injured families experiencing distress and disruption may be warranted to support family and child health, regardless of injury severity.
Trauma exposure and hypothalamic–pituitary– adrenal axis functioning in mentally healthy Dutch peacekeeping veterans, 10–25 years after deployment
Authors: Klaassens Ellen R. , van Veen Tineke , Giltay Erik J. , Rinne Thomas , van Pelt Johannes , Zitman Frans G. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractHypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis alterations have been found in veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It is unclear whether trauma exposure during adulthood in the absence of psychopathology is also associated with HPA‐axis dysregulation. Thirty‐six trauma‐exposed peacekeepers, 23 nonexposed peacekeepers, and 25 nonexposed civilians, all without lifetime psychopathology were studied. Basal HPA‐axis functioning was assessed with salivary cortisol samples obtained over 2 days. HPA‐axis reactivity was assessed with the dexamethasone/corticotropin‐releasing hormone test. Lower afternoon salivary cortisol levels were found in both veteran groups versus controls after adjustment for confounders. The authors concluded that this study does not support the idea that HPA‐axis functioning is durably altered by trauma exposure during adulthood in men.
Factors associated with trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder among homeless youth in three U.S. cities: The importance of transience
Authors: Bender Kimberly , Ferguson Kristin , Thompson Sanna , Komlo Chelsea , Pollio David 
Published: February 2010

AbstractHomeless youth experience disproportionately high rates of trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study examined correlates of trauma and PTSD among homeless youth with a focus on the impact of homeless culture, substance addiction, and mental health challenges. Homeless youth (N = 146) from Los Angeles, California, Denver, Colorado, and St. Louis, Missouri, were recruited from organizations providing services to homeless youth using comparable methods. Results indicate that 57% of respondents had experienced a traumatic event and 24% met criteria for PTSD. A multinomial logistic regression model revealed greater transience, alcohol addiction, mania, and lower self‐efficacy predicted PTSD whereas trauma exposure was associated with alcohol addiction only. Findings have implications for screening and intervening with traumatized homeless youth across service settings.
Synthesis and Characterization of Enzymatically Degradable PEG‐Based Peptide‐Containing Hydrogels
Authors: Yang Jiyuan , Jacobsen Michael T. , Pan Huaizhong , Kopeček Jindřich 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBiodegradable hydrogels were synthesized by the click reaction of 4‐arm azido‐terminated PEG differing in molecular weight (2 100 and 8 800) and two alkyne‐terminated peptides: [alkyne]‐GFLGK‐[alkyne] and ([alkyne]‐GFLG)2K. The physical properties of in situ formed hydrogels were examined. The hydrogels were highly elastic as determined by rheological and microrheological studies. Swelling degree and enzymatic degradation by papain were dependent on the molecular weight of the PEG, but not the peptide. For PEG8800‐based hydrogels, time‐course analysis of degradation showed that the molecular weight of the soluble fraction quickly reached the PEG precursor value. These findings may guide future design of hydrogels with controllable mechanical properties and enzymatic degradability.magnified image
Toward a Bioartificial Pancreas: Diffusion of Insulin and IgG Across Immunoprotective Membranes with Controlled Hydrophilic Channel Diameters
Authors: Kang Jungmee , Erdodi Gabor , Kennedy Joseph P. , Chou Hongshiue , Lu Lina , Grundfest‐Broniatowski Sharon 
Published: February 2010

AbstractResearch continued toward a bioartificial pancreas (BAP). Our BAPs consist of a perforated nitinol scaffold coated with reinforced amphiphilic conetwork membranes and contain live pancreatic islets. The membranes are assemblages of cocontinuous hydrophobic domains and hydrophilic channels whose diameters were varied by the MW of hydrophilic segments between crosslinks (Mc,HI = 32, 44, and 74 kg · mol−1). We studied the diffusion rate of insulin, BSA, and IgG across the membrane of the BAP in the absence of islets. Membranes of Mc,HI = 74 kg · mol−1 showed rapid insulin and BSA transport and negligible IgG diffusion. BAPs containing ≈300 mouse islets showed appropriate response upon glucose challenge in vitro. The BAP implanted into diabetic mice reduced hyperglycemia and maintained islet viability for at least 4 d.magnified image
Gelatin/Poly(ethylene oxide) Blend Films with Compositional Gradient: Fabrication and Characterization
Authors: Saito Takashi , Tanuma Hiroaki , Pan Pengju , Dong Tungalag , Inoue Yoshio 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn this study, novel protein/biodegradable polymer blend biomaterials‐gelatin/poly(ethylene oxide) blend films with compositional gradients were successfully fabricated by a dissolution/diffusion method. Two kinds of compositional gradient films, which were different in gradient structure, were prepared. The compositional gradient structure in the films was characterized by polarized optic microscopy, ATR‐FTIR, and trans‐FT‐IR mapping measurement. In addition, the mechanical properties of the gradient films were characterized with reference to their gradient structure. It is found that the compositional gradient films have better mechanical properties than the pure gelatin film. These protein/biodegradable polymer compositional gradient films have a potential for many biomedical applications.magnified image
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of New Compatibilizers Based on EBAGMA‐LDPE and EBAGMA‐PET Masterbatches for LDPE/PET Blends
Authors: Benhamida Aida , Kaci Mustapha , Cimmino Sossio , Silvestre Clara , Duraccio Donatella 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe present paper is aimed to evaluate the efficiency of two masterbatches, i.e., EBAGMA/LDPE (MB1) and EBAGMA/PET (MB2) with 50/50 w/w composition, prepared by melt mixing and used as new compatibilizers for blends of LDPE/PET. The morphology, the mechanical and the thermal properties of LDPE/PET/MB1 and LDPE/PET/MB2 ternary blends have been investigated. Morphological investigation by SEM of LDPE/PET/MB1 ternary blends showed a finer dispersion of PET in LDPE matrix with a better interfacial adhesion compared to those of both LDPE/PET/MB2 and binary LDPE/PET blends. The results also indicated a substantial improvement in both elongation at break and impact strength, while the Young's modulus decreased. Moreover, the thermal properties showed a decrease of the crystallization phenomena of PET in LDPE/PET/MB1 blend, thus confirming the good dispersion of PET particles into the continuous phase of LDPE matrix, leading to the conclusion that MB1 could be an efficient compatibilizer for LDPE/PET system.magnified image
Recent Progress on the Photonic Properties of Conjugated Organometallic Polymers Built Upon the trans‐Bis(para‐ethynylbenzene)bis(phosphine)platinum(II) Chromophore and Related Derivatives
Authors: Wong Wai‐Yeung , Harvey Pierre D. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis review article surveys the electronic and photophysical properties of conjugated organometallic polymers built upon the title compound and its related derivatives focussing primarily on systems investigated in our laboratories. The general structure of the polymers is (trans‐bis(para‐ethynylbenzene)bis(phosphine)platinum(II)‐G)n where G is a conjugated group such as thiophene, fluorene, carbazole, substituted silole, quinone derivative, and metalloporphyrin residue, or a non‐conjugated main‐group moiety. Systems based on substituted phenylene units and other related fused rings are also discussed. The phosphine ligands are generally triethyl‐ or tri‐n‐butylphosphine groups. These trans‐platinum(II) polymers and the corresponding model compounds are compared to the corresponding ortho‐derivatives in the quinone series, and the newly prepared paracyclophane‐containing polymers. For the porphyrin series, a comparison of fully conjugated oligomers exhibiting the general structure (trans‐bis(para‐ethynyl(zinc(porphyrin)))bis(phosphine)platinum(II))n (i.e., the C6H4 group is absent from the main chain) will be made. This contribution also includes a description of the properties of the mononuclear chromophore itself, properties that define those of the polymers. Potential applications with regard to electronic and optical devices will be highlighted. These soluble and stable materials feature both the processing advantages of polymers and the functionality provided by the presence of metal centers. These multifunctional organometallic polyyne polymers exhibit convenient structural variability as well as optical and electronic properties, which renders them important for use in different research domains as chemical sensors and sensor protectors, as converters for light/electricity signals, and as patternable precursors to magnetic metal alloy nanoparticles.magnified image