bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of the histamine H1 antagonist chlorcyclizine on rat fetal palate development
Authors: Enright Brian P. , Gu Yi‐Zhong , Snyder Ronald D. , Dugyala Ravi R. , Obert Leslie A. , Treinen Kimberley A. , McIntyre Barry S. , Veneziale Robert W. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:The effects of histamine H1 antagonist chlorcyclizine on rat palate development were characterized following in utero exposure.METHODS:To identify the optimum dose for inducing cleft palate, pregnant rats were administered 30, 60, or 90 mg/kg chlorcyclizine on Gestation Days 11 to 14. Fetal palate gene expression was also assessed after 90 mg/kg chlorcyclizine at 8, 15 and 30 hours post‐dose on Gestation Day 14 using microarray and qRT‐PCR.RESULTS:Rats in the 60‐ and 90‐mg/kg groups exhibited adverse clinical signs and body weight loss. Rats in the 90‐mg/kg group also demonstrated increases in late resorptions and decreases in fetal weight. Effects in the low‐dose group were limited to decreases in body weight gain. Fetal assessment on Gestation Day 21 revealed that findings were limited to the 60‐ and 90‐mg/kg groups, and included cleft palate (80% of litters for both groups), high arched palate, small nose, micrognathia, high domed head, digits shortened/absent and small limb. The fetal incidence of cleft palate was higher at 90 mg/kg, thus this dose was selected to assess palate gene expression. The altered genes associated with chlorcyclizine‐induced cleft palate included Wnt5a, Bmp2, Bmp4, Fgf10, Fgfr2, Msx1, and Insig1 but the magnitude of the change was relatively small (1.5‐ to 2‐fold).CONCLUSIONS:Expression of several genes involved in palate, limb and digit development was altered in the fetal palate following in utero exposure to chlorcyclizine. The subtle perturbation and interplay of these genes may have profound effects on the dynamics of fetal palate development.Birth Defects Res (Part B)89:474–484, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anti‐inflammatory and enzyme inhibitory activities of a crude extract and a pterocarpan isolated from the aerial parts of Vitex agnus‐castus
Authors: Ahmad Bashir , Azam Sadiq , Bashir Shumaila , Khan Ibrar , Adhikari Achyut , Choudhary Muhammad Iqbal 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA new compound, 6a,11a‐dihydro‐6H‐[1] benzofuro [3,2‐c][1,3]dioxolo[4,5‐g]chromen‐9‐ol was isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of Vitex agnus‐castus. The structure of this compound was identified with the help of spectroscopic techniques (13C NMR, 1H NMR, HMBC, HMQC, NOESY and COSY). The compound showed low urease‐ (32.0%) and chymotrypsin‐ (31.4%) inhibitory activity, and moderate (41.3%) anti‐inflammatory activity. The crude extract and various fractions obtained from the aerial parts of the plant were also screened for possible in vitro hemagglutination, antibacterial and phytotoxic activities. No hemagglutination activity against human erythrocytes was observed in crude extracts and fractions of V. agnus‐castus. The fractions and crude methanolic extract showed moderate and low antibacterial activity. Exceptions were the CHCl3 fraction, which showed significant antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumonia (81% with MIC50=2.19 mg/mL), the n‐hexane fraction, which exhibited no activity against Salmonella typhi, and the CHCl3 and aqueous fractions, which showed no activity against Bacillus pumalis. Moderate phytotoxic activity (62.5%) was observed by n‐hexane fraction of V. agnus‐castus against Lemna minor L at 1000 μg/mL.
The discovery and validation of colorectal cancer biomarkers
Authors: Ang Ching‐Seng , Phung Jason , Nice Edouard C. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractColorectal cancer is currently the third most common malignancy in the world. Patients have excellent prognosis following surgical resection if their tumour is still localized at diagnosis. By contrast, once the tumour has started to metastasize, prognosis is much poorer. Accurate early detection can therefore significantly reduce the mortality from this disease. However, current tests either lack the required sensitivity and selectivity or are costly and invasive. Improved biomarkers, or panels of biomarkers, are therefore urgently required. We have addressed current screening strategies and potential protein biomarkers that have been proposed. The role of both discovery and hypothesis‐driven proteomics approaches for biomarker discovery and validation is discussed. Using such approaches we show how multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) can be successfully developed and used for quantitative multiplexed analysis of potential faecal biomarkers. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Basic drug analysis by strong cation‐exchange liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry: simultaneous analysis of amisulpride, and of metamfetamine and amfetamine in serum/plasma
Authors: Couchman L. , Morgan P. E. , Flanagan R. J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn the HPLC of basic drugs and metabolites, good efficiency and peak shape can often be attained using strong cation‐exchange packings with isocratic 100% methanol eluents containing an ionic modifier at an appropriate pH* and ionic strength. Solvent extracts can be analysed directly, and use of ammonium acetate as modifier facilitates the use of atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI)–tandem mass spectrometry, selected reaction monitoring mode. For the analysis of amisulpride and of metamfetamine/amfetamine in plasma (200 µL) after single oral doses in man, a column packed with Waters Spherisorb S5SCX (5 µm average particle size, 100 × 2.1 mm i.d.) was used with methanolic ammonium acetate (40 mmol/L, pH* 6.0, flow rate 0.5 mL/min) as eluent (35°C). Deuterated internal standards were used for each analyte. Detection was by positive‐mode APCI. Responses for all analytes were linear over the calibration ranges. Intra‐assay precision (RSD) was 2–18%, and inter‐assay precision was 2–12%. The limit of detection was 0.5 µg/L for all analytes. No significant matrix effects or isobaric interferences were noted. The total analysis time was 7 min. Similar methodology can be applied to a wide range of basic analytes using MS/MS detection. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A high‐sensitivity UPLC‐MS/MS method for simultaneous determination and confirmation of triptolide in zebrafish embryos
Authors: Zhou Yan , He Ming‐Fang , Choi Franky Fung‐Kei , He Zhi‐Heng , Song Jing‐Zheng , Qiao Chun‐Feng , Li Song‐Lin , Xu Hong‐Xi 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA high‐sensitivity ultra‐performance liquid‐chromatography (UPLC) coupled with tandem mass spectrometric method was developed for simultaneous quantification and confirmation of triptolide in both zebrafish embryos and the aqueous‐exposure solution on a tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer (TQ‐MS). This was achieved by performing quantification using the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) acquisition with simultaneous characterization of the MRM peak using product ion confirmation (PIC) acquisition as it elutes from the chromatographic system. Separation was achieved on a 1.7 µm C18 UPLC column using 0.1% formic acid water–acetonitrile mobile phase with a cycle time of 6 min. The linear range of 0.115–360 ng/mL, and lower limits of detection of 0.02 ng/mL and quantification of 0.064 ng/mL were established. This method was successfully applied to determine the time course of triptolide absorption by zebrafish embryos and the amount of triptolide remaining in the culture medium after administration of two triptolide dosages at three time points. This coupled MRM with PIC approach could provide both qualitative and quantitative results without the need for repetitive analyses. This resulted in the reduction of further confirmative experiments and analytical time, and ultimately increased laboratory productivity. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Liquid chromatography–atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry for the simultaneous determination of dimethoxyaschantin, dimethylliroresinol, dimethylpinoresinol, epimagnolin A, fargesin and magnolin in rat plasma
Authors: Jeong Ji Hyun , Kim Dong Kyun , Ji Hye Young , Oh Sei Ryang , Lee Hyung‐Kyu , Lee Hye Suk 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA rapid, selective, and sensitive liquid chromatography–atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for the simultaneous determination of dimethoxyaschantin, dimethylliroresinol, dimethylpinoresinol, epimagnolin A, fargesin and magnolin, the pharmacologically active ingredients of Magnolia fargesii in rat plasma. These tetrahydrofurofuranoid lignans were extracted from rat plasma using tert‐butyl methyl ether at pH 7.4. The analytes were separated on a Pinnacle DB biphenyl column with 65% methanol in 10 mm ammonium formate (pH 3.0) and detected by APCI tandem mass spectrometry in the selective reaction monitoring mode. The calibration curves were linear (r2 ≥ 0.996) over the concentration range of 20.0–1000 ng/mL for six tetrahydrofurofuranoid lignans. The lower limit of quantification for these lignans was 20.0 ng/mL with 50 µL of plasma sample. The intra‐ and inter‐assay coefficient of variation and relative error for the six tetrahydrofurofuranoid lignans at four quality control concentrations were 0.2–9.9% and −8.5–8.2%, respectively. There was no matrix effect for the six tetrahydrofurofuranoid lignans and tolterodine (internal standard). The pharmacokinetics of dimethylliroresinol, dimethylpinoresinol, epimagnolin A, fargesin and magnolin were evaluated after oral administration of a purified extract isolated from dried flower buds of Magnolia fargesii at doses of 5.5, 11.0 and 22.0 mg/kg in male rats. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alg_OS—A web‐based software tool to teach page replacement algorithms of operating systems to undergraduate students
Authors: Garmpis Aristogiannis 
Published: November 2010

AbstractOperating systems (OS) is an important and mandatory discipline in many Computer Science, Information Systems, and Computer Engineering curricula. Some of its topics require a careful and detailed explanation from the instructor as they often involve theoretical concepts and somewhat complex mechanisms, demanding a certain degree of abstraction from the students if they are to gain a full understanding. The aim of this study was to design and evaluate the software tool Alg_OS. This software tool was designed to serve the learning purposes of the memory management and especially the page replacement algorithms operation to be used in the everyday OS classrooms. The undergraduate students can easily explore the operations of those algorithms through an interaction with Alg_OS user interface. More specifically, students can develop the operation way for each algorithm separately and learn from their mistakes that the software shows automatically in real time. All students performances stored in a database of Alg_OS. A total of 111 final‐year undergraduate university students of the Department of Applied Informatics in Management and Economy, Technological Educational Institution of Messolonghi, Messolonghi, Greece were surveyed about their intention to use “Alg_OS” in their learning. The results showed that students had positive values indicating a tendency to be favorable towards using Alg_OS in their learning. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 21: 581–585, 2013
Graphene‐Encapsulated Fe3O4 Nanoparticles with 3D Laminated Structure as Superior Anode in Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Jia‐Zhao , Zhong Chao , Wexler David , Idris Nurul Hayati , Wang Zhao‐Xiang , Chen Li‐Quan , Liu Hua‐Kun 
Published: November 2010

AbstractFe3O4–graphene composites with three‐dimensional laminated structures have been synthesised by a simple in situ hydrothermal method. From field‐emission and transmission electron microscopy results, the Fe3O4 nanoparticles, around 3–15 nm in size, are highly encapsulated in a graphene nanosheet matrix. The reversible Li‐cycling properties of Fe3O4–graphene have been evaluated by galvanostatic discharge–charge cycling, cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy. Results show that the Fe3O4–graphene nanocomposite with a graphene content of 38.0 wt % exhibits a stable capacity of about 650 mAh g−1 with no noticeable fading for up to 100 cycles in the voltage range of 0.0–3.0 V. The superior performance of Fe3O4–graphene is clearly established by comparison of the results with those from bare Fe3O4. The graphene nanosheets in the composite materials could act not only as lithium storage active materials, but also as an electronically conductive matrix to improve the electrochemical performance of Fe3O4.
High‐Temperature Stable, Iron‐Based Core–Shell Catalysts for Ammonia Decomposition
Authors: Feyen Mathias , Weidenthaler Claudia , Güttel Robert , Schlichte Klaus , Holle Ulrich , Lu An‐Hui , Schüth Ferdi 
Published: November 2010

AbstractHigh‐temperature, stable core–shell catalysts for ammonia decomposition have been synthesized. The highly active catalysts, which were found to be also excellent model systems for fundamental studies, are based on α‐Fe2O3 nanoparticles coated by porous silica shells. In a bottom‐up approach, hematite nanoparticles were firstly obtained from the hydrothermal reaction of ferric chlorides, L‐lysine, and water with adjustable average sizes of 35, 47, and 75 nm. Secondly, particles of each size could be coated by a porous silica shell by means of the base‐catalyzed hydrolysis of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) with cetyltetramethylammonium bromide (CTABr) as porogen. After calcination, TEM, high‐resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR‐SEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX), XRD, and nitrogen sorption studies confirmed the successful encapsulation of hematite nanoparticles inside porous silica shells with a thickness of 20 nm, thereby leading to composites with surface areas of approximately 380 m2 g−1 and iron contents between 10.5 and 12.2 wt %. The obtained catalysts were tested in ammonia decomposition. The influence of temperature, iron oxide core size, possible diffusion limitations, and dilution effects of the reagent gas stream with noble gases were studied. The catalysts are highly stable at 750 °C with a space velocity of 120 000 cm3 gcat−1 h−1 and maintained conversions of around 80 % for the testing period time of 33 h. On the basis of the excellent stability under reaction conditions up to 800 °C, the system was investigated by in situ XRD, in which body‐centered iron was determined, in addition to FeNx, as the crystalline phase under reaction conditions above 650 °C.
Optimal multi‐period operational planning for steam power system in petrochemical enterprise with consideration of environmental costs in China
Authors: Dai Wenzhi , Yin Hongchao , Lam Wei‐Haur 
Published: November 2010

AbstractSteam power system (SPS) is a major source of both energy consumption and pollutants. In order to reduce the operational costs for petrochemical industry, the SPS should be operated under an optimal scheme. A SPS model is proposed to take into account the depreciation of equipments, changeover costs, and environmental costs. By applying an improved particle swarm optimisation (PSO) algorithm, the optimal operation scheme has been obtained. One example has been investigated to compare the different units and fuel selection in SPS and also the operation periods of SPS taking in account the power import/export policy and environmental cost.
Numerical modelling and characterization of nanofiltration membranes for the separation of carbohydrate mixtures
Authors: Mmbaga J. , Hayes R. E. , Pikus W. , Afacan A. , Bressler D. C. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe results of an experimental and computational investigation of the selective separation of carbohydrates on nano‐membranes in cross‐flow filtration are reported. Two commercial membranes (NF270‐400 and TFC‐SR3) were characterised in terms of permeability and rejection of carbohydrate solutions. It is shown that the membranes can be used to recover glucose and galactose from their mixtures with lactose. The permeate flux is shown to depend on sugar concentration, with permeate flux decreasing as the concentration increases. Quantitative evaluation using numerical analysis of the above flow and separation process showed that the performance of nano‐membranes can be captured and reproduced with sufficient accuracy, thereby reducing the number of experiments require to evaluate the suitability of membranes in different applications. A Fickian approach is adopted to model the separation, and is shown to be effective.
Optimal design of a four‐zone simulated moving bed process for separation of homoharringtonine and harringtonine
Authors: Kim Seul‐Gi , Nam Hee‐Geun , Kim Jin‐Hyun , Mun Sungyong 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA simulated moving bed (SMB) technology was applied to the separation of homoharringtonine (HHT) and harringtonine (HT), which were known to have the potentiality of being used as anti‐cancer agents. First, a series of pulse injection experiments were performed for estimation of the adsorption isotherm and mass‐transfer parameters of HHT and HT. The estimated parameters were utilised in the SMB optimisation tool based on the standing wave design method. From the optimisation tool prepared, the SMB operating parameters (zone flow rates and step time) that led to the highest throughput were obtained under the constraints of product purities (=99.0%) and pressure drop (≤1000 psi). Such an optimisation work was then extended to determine an optimal size of the adsorbent particle for the SMB of interest. The results showed that a particle size of 29 µm was the optimal one for maximising the SMB throughput under the conditions that the column configuration was 2–2–2–2 and the length of each column was 25 cm. If the SMB had the particle size other than 29 µm, its throughput was limited by either the maximum operating pressure or the mass‐transfer efficiency. Finally, an efficient procedure of removing a mobile‐phase additive (ammonium formate) from the product stream of the aforementioned SMB system was developed using a liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) technique. From the results of this study, it was confirmed that the SMB process coupled with a LLE procedure could be highly effective in separating HHT and HT with high throughout and high purity.
Detailed investigation of non‐catalytic DPF regeneration
Authors: Bensaid S. , Caroca C. J. , Russo N. , Fino D. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe present investigation concerns the phenomena that occur during the non‐catalytic regeneration of Diesel Particulate Filters (DPFs). The temperature evolution in the filter has been correlated to the emissions of CO, HC, NO, and NO2 during the loading and regeneration process. The emissions were assessed over both the diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) and the DPF, in order to characterise the chemical species evolution inside the after‐treatment line. Different regeneration temperatures, which have been found to have a strong impact on the evolution of the soot oxidation rate, have been assessed. Finally, the particulate emissions during regeneration have been measured on a number and size basis.
Equilibrium configurations of drops attached to spheres immersed in a uniform laminar flow
Authors: Fan E. S. C. , Bussmann M. , Acosta E. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA computational fluid dynamics model has been developed to study the behaviour of a solid particle partially coated by an oil film and immersed in a uniform aqueous flow, to predict the equilibrium configurations of the film. The flow equations are solved using a finite volume approach, and the oil/water interface is captured using a Volume‐of‐Fluid method in 2D spherical coordinates. At Ca < < 1, shear forces are negligible, as interfacial tension maintains the oil film as a spherical cap. As Ca approaches 1, the shear forces overcome interfacial tension, stretching the oil film into a thread that eventually ruptures.
CFD modelling of a bubble column with an external loop in the heterogeneous regime
Authors: Silva Marcela K. , d'Ávila Marcos A. , Mori Milton 
Published: November 2010

AbstractCFD simulations of a cylindrical bubble column with an external loop were carried out. The effects of average bubble size, bubble size distribution, axial liquid velocity, and the two‐inlets configuration were evaluated and compared with experimental and simulation data. The drag force was modelled with the Ishii–Zuber model and the turbulence of the continuous phase with the k − ε model. For breakup the Luo and Svendsen model was chosen and for the coalescence effects the Prince and Blanch model was used. Results show that the external loop influences gas holdup near the entrance and at high gas superficial velocities a radial symmetry is obtained in the fully developed region.
Inhibitors of the Salicylate Synthase (MbtI) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis Discovered by High‐Throughput Screening
Authors: Vasan Mahalakshmi , Neres João , Williams Jessica , Wilson Daniel J. , Teitelbaum Aaron M. , Remmel Rory P. , Aldrich Courtney C. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA simple steady‐state kinetic high‐throughput assay was developed for the salicylate synthase MbtI from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which catalyzes the first committed step of mycobactin biosynthesis. The mycobactins are small‐molecule iron chelators produced by M. tuberculosis, and their biosynthesis has been identified as a promising target for the development of new antitubercular agents. The assay was miniaturized to a 384‐well plate format and high‐throughput screening was performed at the National Screening Laboratory for the Regional Centers of Excellence in Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases (NSRB). Three classes of compounds were identified comprising the benzisothiazolones (class I), diarylsulfones (class II), and benzimidazole‐2‐thiones (class III). Each of these compound series was further pursued to investigate their biochemical mechanism and structure–activity relationships. Benzimidazole‐2‐thione 4 emerged as the most promising inhibitor owing to its potent reversible inhibition.
A scalable group communication protocol with hybrid clocks
Authors: Tsuneizumi Isamu , Aikebaier Ailixier , Ikeda Makoto , Enokido Tomoya , Takizawa Makoto 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn peer‐to‐peer (P2P) applications, messages have to be causally delivered to every peer of a group ofn(>1) peers. Owing to the message overheadO(n), the vector clock cannot be used to causally deliver messages in a scalable group. On the other hand, since the message length isO(1) in a linear time (LT) and physical time (PT) protocols, which use the linear clock and physical clock, respectively, the protocols can be adopted to scalable groups. However, some pairs of messages are unnecessarily ordered, i.e. even if a pair of the messages is ordered in the protocols, the messages may not be causally ordered. The more the number of messages unnecessarily ordered, the longer it takes to deliver them. In this paper, we propose a hybrid time (HT) group communication protocol to reduce the number of messages unnecessarily ordered by taking advantage of the LT and PT. We evaluate the HT protocol compared with the PT and LT protocols in terms of the number of unnecessarily ordered messages. We show that the number of unnecessarily ordered messages can be reduced in the HT protocol. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.