bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of genetic index for milk production on the response to complete diet feeding and the utilization of energy and nitrogen
Authors: Gordon F. J. , Patterson D. C. , Yan T. , Porter M. G. , Mayne C. S. , Unsworth E. F. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThirty-six Holstein/Friesian cows were used in a 3 × 2 factorial design randomized-block experiment to evaluate the production and nutrient utilization responses of animals of three genetic indices (cow genetic index 90 (CGI); 950, 650 and 550), each given either a complete diet (CD) or concentrate separate from grass silage through out-ofparlour feeders (OPF). The experiment included days 11 to 160 of lactation. On the CD treatment the diet was offered ad libitum with a concentrate proportion of 0.64 (dry matter (DM) basis), while on the OPF treatment the grass silage urns offered ad libitum and the allowance of concentrate was made equal to the mean concentrate intake of the CD treatment during the previous week. The concentrate was based on barley, maize gluten, molassed sugar-beet pulp, citrus pulp, soya-bean meal, fish meal and protected fat. During the experiment eight blocks each of six animals were used in metabolism studies to determine total ration digestibility, nitrogen balance and energy utilization.No significant feeding method × genetic index interactions were found in terms of food intake, milk production or nutrient utilization. Although CGI had no significant effect on total DM intake, silage DM intake increased linearly as the cow CGI increased (P < 0.01) across the CD and OPF treatments. The high CGI cows produced respectively 6.60 and 8.25 kg/day more milk fP < 0.001) than the medium and low CGI animals without altering milk concentrations of fat and protein, but with on average a negative live-weight change with the high CGI cows. Although nitrogen digestibility was significantly higher with the low than medium CGI cows (P < 0.05), cow CGI had no significant effects on DM and energy digestibilities, daily methane energy output, heat production or the efficiency of utilization of metabolizable energy for lactation fk,) in the metabolism study. The results indicated that higher milk production with the high CGI cows was mainly attributed to an alteration in nutrient partitioning between milk energy and body energy retention.Across the three genetic indices, feeding method had no significant effect on total DM intake, although silage DM intake was 0.46 kg/day higher (P < 0-05) on the OPF treatment. However feeding the complete diet resulted in 3.04 kg/day more milk CP < 0.05) than feeding concentrate separate from silage without altering milk concentrations of fat and protein. In the nutrient metabolism study whole tract digestibilities of DM (F < 0.001), nitrogen (P < 0.05) and energy (P < 0.01) were higher on the OPF treatment, but methane energy output and heat production were similar between the two treatments.
The degradability by sheep of fruits of Acacias and leaves of Sesbania sesban and the effects of supplementation with mixtures of browses and oilseed cake on the utilization of teff (Eragrostis tef) straw
Authors: Nsahlai I. V. , Osuji P. O. , Umunna N. N. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis study was aimed at evaluating (1) the dry matter (DM) and nitrogen (N) degradabilities (by sheep) of Sesbania sesban leaves, Acacia albida (Faidhabia albida), A. siberiana and A. tortiris frazfs and (2) the effect of feeding a mixture of oilseed cake and tanniferous browses on the degradability of teff (Eragrostis tef) straw and oilseed cake and on particulate and liquid passage rates. Thirteen rumen cannulated sheep in a randomized complete-block design experiment were given teff straw ad libitum supplemented (DM per day) with 155 g oilseed cake (50: 50 mixture of noug (Guizotia abyssinica) and groundnut cake; oilseed cake diet) or with 92 g oilseed cake plus either 118 g S. sesban (sesbania diet) or 179 g A. albida fruits (albida diet). Diets were formulated to supply 10·5 g supplementary N per day.Sesbania had the highest DM washing loss, potential degradability and fastest DM degradation rate compared with the acacias. The N washing loss (g/kg) was highest for A. siberiana (500) followed by A. albida (431), A. tortilis (431) and sesbania (241). The potential N degradability (g/kg) was greater (P < 0·05) for sesbania (978) than for A. albida (848), A. tortilis (865) or A. siberiana (785). The degradation rates of oilseed cake-N and teff straw-DM, particulate and liquid passage rates, basal intake and DM digestibilities were similar among diets, but organic matter intake was highest for the albida diet. At the present levels of offer, supplementation with mixtures of oilseed cake and browses does not significantly reduce rumen degradation rates of oilseed cake-N or teff straw DM.
Effect of dietary repletion on reproductive activity in cows after a long anoestrous period
Authors: Zerbini E. , Wold A. G. , Gemeda T. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis study examined whether a prolonged anoestrus had any long-term effect on subsequent fertility of cows and estimated the relationship between repletion and resumption of reproductive activity. Twelve low body-condition, non-milking, non-cycling (depletion state) F1 crossbred dairy cows (Friesian × Boron and Simmental × Boran) were stratified to two diets (H: natural grass hay offered ad libitum and mineral lick +3 kg concentrate, and H + P: H + 7 h/day natural pasture grazing) according to parity, body weight, body condition score and calving intervals. Daily dry-matter intake was similar between cows on the two diets, but total intake of nitrogen was proportionately about 0·10 greater for cows with access to pasture. The calculated metabolizable energy intake was more than twice the estimated maintenance requirement for cows on both diets. Live weights increased from depletion to ovulation, to oestrus and to conception, but were not significantly different between cows on both diets. Body condition score increased from depletion time to first oestrus and to repletion and was greater for H + P than for H cows at first oestrus and at conception. After an average of 45 days of repletion, cows were already ovulating with no significant differences between cows on either diet. Days to onset of oestrus were 83 and 44 days for diet H and H + P, respectively. Time to conception was similar between coivs on both diets. Conception occurred when cows on H and H + P diets had recovered proportionately 0·51 and 0·58 of their live-weight and 0·84 and 1·27 of their body condition loss, respectively. Interval to repletion weight was 178 and 139 days for cows on the H and H + P diet, respectively. Cows subjected to an exceptionally long depletion period were able to resume ovarian cyclic activity and to conceive in less than 3 months when given twice maintenance requirements. These results have important management implication for on-farm situations in the tropics where fluctuations of food availability and quality occur.
Method and effects of incorporating foreign information into United Kingdom production evaluations
Authors: Mrode R. A. , Swanson G. J. T. , Winters M. S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractCountries, which import a significant amount of semen, embryos and animals, are faced with the problem of how properly to evaluate the animals in the national evaluation system when information on the foreign parents is generally missing. Additional problems arise when the foreign parents obtain an evaluation, usually on the basis of progeny, in the country of import with the result that there are two published evaluations for the animals in question. This paper presents a post-iterative method of incorporating foreign information into home country evaluations. The foreign information is initially converted to the same scale and base as in the home country using procedures recommended by the International Bull Evaluation Service. The method consists essentially of calculating a combined evaluation for animals with home and foreign information as a weighted average of yield deviations, parent averages and progeny contributions from the foreign and home countries. The combined evaluations are used to adjust the evaluations of progeny on the basis of formulae derived from the usual mixed model equations. The same principles were used to combine reliabilities from the respective home and foreign reliabilities. The results from the application of the method to the United Kingdom (UK) Holstein Friesian population are presented. There was re-ranking of both bulls and cows, especially foreign bulls with few UK daughters.
The patho-physiology ofTrypanosoma congolensein Scottish Blackface sheep: influence of diet on digestive function
Authors: Wassink G. J. , Fishwick G. , Parkins J. J. , Gill M. , Romney D. L. , Richard D. , Holmes P. H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe influence of types of roughage, barley straw (diet B) versus lucerne hay (diet L), on the patho-physiology of a T. congolense infection was compared in eight pairs of Scottish Blackface male twin lambs. One animal of each twin pair was infected and the other used as a pair-fed control. Voluntary food intake, body weight, digestive function, various blood haematological and biochemical measurements were made.Voluntary organic matter intake decreased significantly after the T. congolense infection, the decrease being greater in the diet L group than in the diet B group lambs (P < 0·01). The apparent digestibility coefficients of crude protein and organic matter were significantly lower in the infected lambs (P < 0·01). Mean retention time of the roughage through the digestive tract in the animals given barley straw was significantly longer (P < 0·05) due to a lower rumen outflow rate constant (P < 0·01). Infection resulted in longer mean retention times (P < 0·01).Packed cell volume (PCV) was significantly lower before infection in the animals given diet B (P < 0·01). After infection, diet (P < 0·01) and infection (P < 0·01) had an additive effect on PCV. The anaemia was both macrocytic (P < 0·05) and hypochromic (P < 0·01).Diet B resulted in higher plasma cholesterol (P < 0·05), but lower plasma urea (P < 0·01) and albumin (P < 0·01) concentrations before infection than diet L. The T. congolense infection significantly lowered plasma cholesterol (P < 0·01) and increased plasma urea (P < 0·01) concentrations compared with the uninfected controls. Plasma albumin concentrations decreased, but were more affected by nutrition (P < 0·01) than by infection (P < 0·05).It ivas concluded that the patho-physiological effects of the T. congolense infection in the Scottish Blackface lambs were affected by the type of roughage offered, but that these effects were additive rather than interactive to the effects of infection.
An evaluation of the Gompertz model in degradability studies of forage chemical components
Authors: Lavrenčič A. , Stefanon B. , Susmel P. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe in situ dry matter (DM) and neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) degradability kinetics of eight forages (four grass hays and four legume hays, harvested at two different dates) were compared to assess the fitting ability of a first-order and a Gompertz model.The Gompertz model fitted DM degradability data as well as the first-order model and differences between fitted and observed data for the two models were very small but the Gompertz model proved to be statistically superior for the NDF degradability data, especially for the early hours of incubation.A numerical but not significant difference was observed in the estimated rapidly available fraction for DM and NDF, which zvas respectively lower (mean values 24·4 v. 27·8%) and higher (mean values 5·8 v. 1·8%) with the first-order model. More pronounced differences were observed for the estimates of total potential degradability of NDF, which were often significantly lower with the Gompertz model (average values for the eight forages 75·1 v. 72·3%;.The sigmoidal shape of the Gompertz model was more biologically appropriate to describe the initial phases of NDF degradation and was thus applied to the cellulose and hemicellulose degradability data.As the harvesting date progressed through the season, a decrease of the immediately available fraction of DM and nitrogen was generally observed but the effect of harvesting date was not so evident for fibre fractions; the differences within forages were very low. Correlation coefficients between lignin content and total potential degradability of fibre were always high (for NDF, r = −0·96; for hemicellulose r = −0·95; for cellulose r = −0·79; P < 0·001), while the acid-detergent fibre content influenced DM and nitrogen total potential degradability (r = −0·91 and −0·82, respectively).
Results of multivariate individual animal model genetic evaluations of british pedigree beef cattle
Authors: Crumps R. E. , Simm G. , Nicholson D. , Findlay R. H. , Bryan J. G. E. , Thompson R. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper reports the procedures put into place in the UK for the genetic evaluation of pedigree beef cattle and estimation of genetic trends using a comprehensive model to allow critical analysis of progress made under previous data recording schemes. Live weights of Simmental, Limousin, Charolais, South Devon and Aberdeen Angus beef cattle, recorded by the Meat and Livestock Commission (MLC) from 1970 to 1992 were analysed, as part of a project to introduce best linear unbiased predictions (BLUP) of breeding value in the British beef industry. Birth weights were available from MLC or the relevant breed society, (4000 to 84000 records, depending on the breed) and 200- and 400-day weights were estimated by within-animal linear regression on all available weights (resulting in 8000 to 48000 records per breed). Animals were retrospectively assigned to contemporary groups within herds, separately for each trait, taking account of observed calving patterns. Records were adjusted to correct for heterogeneity of variance between herds. BLUP evaluations were then performed within breed, fitting a multivariate individual animal model. In addition to additive direct genetic effects, additive maternal genetic and dam permanent environmental effects were included for birth weight and 200-day weight. Unknown parents were assigned to genetic groups, based on estimated date of birth. The model included fixed effects for contemporary group, sex, month of birth, birth type (single or multiple), embryo transfer births, fostered calves, breed of dam, proportion purebred and age of dam. Genetic trends were estimated by regressing estimated breeding values for animals on their year of birth. Trends in birth weight, 200-day weight and 400-day weight between 1970 and 1992 were approximately 0·09, 0·73 and 1·38 kg per annum respectively for the Charolais breed; 0·08, 0·76 and 1·33 kg per annum for the Simmental; 0·06, 0·53 and 0·89 kg per annum for the Limousin; 0·12, 1·02 and 1·86 kg per annum for the Aberdeen Angus; and 0·03, 0·38 and 0·82 kg per annum for the South Devon breed.
The effect of Trypanosoma vivax infection on energy and nitrogen metabolism and serum metabolites and hormones in West African Dwarf goats on different food intake levels
Authors: van Dam J. T. P. , van der Heide D. , van der Hel W. , van den Ingh T. S. G. A. M. , Verstegen M. W. A. , Wensing T. , Zwart D. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractEffects of Trypanosoma vivax infection on nitrogen and energy metabolism and serum hormones and metabolites were measured using 24 castrated West African Dwarf bucks. In order to discriminate between the effect of infection and the effect of food intake level on energy and nitrogen balance, food quantity restriction was applied for isonutritional comparison; a number of the animals were not infected and served as controls. Daily dry-matter (DM) intake was measured, and energy and nitrogen balance for a 7-day period in weeks 2, 4 and 6 after infection. Weekly blood sampling for analysis of hormones and metabolites was carried out.Infected animals had a lower DM intake, compared with control animals, viz. 38·6 (s.e. 3·2) and 16·1 (s.e. 2·0) g/kg M0·75 per day, respectively (P < 0·001). Intake of gross energy and nitrogen followed the same pattern.Metabolizability was not changed by infection and averaged 0·44. Heat production was increased by infection with an average of 33 kJ/kg M0·75 per day. Energy and nitrogen retention were negative for all groups; infection reduced energy retention and, during week 2 and 4 after infection, also nitrogen retention. The required metabolizable energy (ME) intake for maintenance was increased in infected animals (406 and 335 kJ/kg M0·75 per day for infected and control goats respectively), based on linear regression of energy retention on ME intake. The efficiency with which energy mobilization from body stores was substituted by dietary ME was estimated at 0·809 for both infected and control animals. The relationship between nitrogen retention and energy retention was not changed by infection. Therefore no indications were found for an increased catabolism of protein due to infection. Serum thyroxine and triiodothyronine were reduced by infection; serum metabolites and insulin levels reflected the negative energy balance in infected animals.
»Die grüne Fee« Absinth – historische und biochemische Fakten
Authors: Hein Jakob , Juckel Georg , Kienast Thorsten , Heinz Andreas 
Published: September 2010

<B>Fragestellung:</B> Absinth, ein alkoholisches Getränk mit Kräuterauszügen, ist eines der erfolgreichsten Produkte des 19. Jahrhunderts. In ca. 100 Jahren wurde damit eine Umsatzsteigerung um das 106fache erzielt. Nur ein gesetzliches Verbot konnte diesen Erfolg beenden. </P><P><B>Methodik:</B> Anlässlich der EU-weiten Wiederzulassung von Absinth wird der aktuelle Forschungsstand zu diesem Getränk analysiert. </P><P><B>Ergebnisse:</B> Lediglich zum Thujon, dem Inhaltsstoff, durch den sich Absinth von anderen alkoholischen Getränken unterscheidet, liegen einige moderne Erkenntnisse vor. Dadurch ergeben sich Anhaltspunkte für eine Wirkung des Thujons an GABA-ergen und serotonergen Neurorezeptoren. </P><P><B>Schlussfolgerungen:</B> Es ist völlig unklar, welche Wirkung das Stoffgemisch von Thujon und Ethanol auf der Rezeptorenebene hat. Die Historie des Absinths legt jedoch das Vorhandensein eines hohen Suchtpotenzials nahe. Daher sind weiterführende Untersuchungen vonnöten.
Kokainhydrochlorid und Crack: ein Vergleich zwischen Kokainkonsumgruppen ohne intravenösen Kokainkonsum und ohne Opioidkonsum
Authors: Prinzleve Michael , Haasen Christian 
Published: September 2010

<B>Ziel:</B> Vergleich des Substanzkonsums, der Abhängigkeitssymptomatik und gesundheitlicher Probleme zwischen Kokainkonsumgruppen ohne gleichzeitigen intravenösen Kokainkonsum und ohne Opioidkonsum. </P><P> <B>Methodik:</B> Analyse einer Teilstichprobe von 652 Kokainkonsumenten aus neun europäischen Großstädten, rekrutiert im Rahmen des EU-Projekts »Support Needs for Cocaine and Crack Users Europe (CocainEU)«. Zur Datenerhebung dienten das Maudsley Addiction Profile MAP und die Severity Dependence Scale SDS. </P><P> <B>Ergebnisse:</B> Die Kokainhydrochloridkonsumenten (87 %) konsumieren Kokain weniger intensiv, zeigen eine geringere Abhängigkeitssymptomatik und geringer ausgeprägte psychische Symptome als die beiden Gruppen mit Crackkonsum. Ausschließliche Crackkonsumenten (6 %) weisen das geringste Ausmaß multiplem Konsum auf. Bei den Konsumenten beider Darreichungsformen (7 %) sind vor allem Angstsymptome zu beobachten, bei den Crackkonsumenten vor allem depressive Symptome. </P><P> <B>Schlussfolgerungen:</B> In Abhängigkeit von der Konsumform und Konsumintensität von Kokain zeigen sich unterschiedliche Begleit- und Folgeerscheinungen. Im Rahmen der Behandlungsplanung erfordert dies eine genaue Analyse einzelner Konsumphasen.
Zur Prognose des Behandlungsverlaufs bei strafrechtlicher Unterbringung in der Entziehungsanstalt
Authors: Schalast Norbert , Kösters Cornelia , Mushoff Sylvia , Demmerling Rita 
Published: September 2010

Ziel: Wenn in einem Strafverfahren die Unterbringung in einer Entziehungsanstalt zur Diskussion steht, muss sich ein Sachverständiger zu den Aussichten dieser Maßnahme (§ 64 Satz 2 StGB) äußern. Die dargestellte Untersuchung liefert Anhaltspunkte für die Einschätzung der Therapieaussichten bei Tätern mit Alkoholproblemen. </p><p> Methode: Bei 150 Patienten des § 64-Maßregelvollzugs erfolgte prospektiv eine psychologische Untersuchung mit Erhebung zahlreicher prognoserelevanter Merkmale. </p><p> Ergebnis: Als relevante Prädiktoren des Behandlungsverlaufs werden bestätigt: Hinweise auf desolate Verhältnisse in der Ursprungsfamilie, auf Auffälligkeiten im Sinne einer Hyperaktivitätsstörung im Schulalter, längere Haftzeiten vor dem Verfahren, welches zur Unterbringung führte, eine fehlende Integration ins Arbeitsleben und ausgeprägte Reizbarkeit und Aggressivität im Stationsalltag. </p><p> Schlussfolgerung: Es können etliche signifikante Prädiktoren des Behandlungsoutcomes aufgezeigt werden, doch bleibt die sachverständige Beurteilung der Behandlungsaussichten eine schwierige Aufgabe. Faktoren, die nach allgemeinen kriminologischen Erkenntnissen die Wahrscheinlichkeit persistierender Anpassungsprobleme und sozialer Schwierigkeiten erhöhen, stellen auch Risikofaktoren im Hinblick auf eine Unterbringung in der Entziehungsanstalt dar. Aspekte des Suchtverhaltens haben geringeres und Selbstbeschreibungen der Patienten praktisch kein prognostisches Gewicht.
Riskanter Alkoholkonsum im höheren Alter: Häufigkeit und Folgen – ein Überblick
Authors: Schäufele Martina 
Published: September 2010

Fragestellung: Aufgrund der demographischen Entwicklung in Verbindung mit den veränderten Konsummustern der kommenden Altengenerationen, wird sich die Alkoholproblematik im Alter erheblich verschärfen. Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt einen Überblick über den aktuellen Stand der epidemiologischen Forschung zu Prävalenz, Charakteristika und Folgen riskanten Alkoholkonsums im höheren Alter. </p><p> Methodik: Recherche bei den Datenbanken Psyc-INFO und PubMed sowie im Literaturverzeichnis der Deutschen Hauptstelle für Suchtfragen. </p><p> Ergebnisse: Die Studien sind durch erhebliche methodische Heterogenität gekennzeichnet, was ihre Vergleichbarkeit deutlich einschränkt. Die Grenzen zwischen potenziell förderlichem, risikoarmem und riskantem Konsum sind unklar und bedürfen der besseren empirischen Fundierung. Nichtsdestotrotz stimmen die Forschungsbefunde in zwei Punkten konsistent überein: Alkoholkonsum und riskante Gebrauchsmuster sind unter den älteren Frauen wesentlich seltener verbreitet als unter den älteren Männern und nehmen bei beiden Geschlechtern mit steigendem Alter ab. Dennoch sind einige der ermittelten Raten substantiell, insbesondere vor dem Hintergrund, dass riskanter Alkoholkonsum im Alter häufig mit anderen gesundheitsgefährdenden Verhaltensweisen verknüpft ist (z. B. Rauchen) und die Wahrscheinlichkeit schwerer Gesundheitsschäden und vorzeitiger Mortalität erhöht ist. </p><p> Schlussfolgerungen: Es besteht ein dringender Bedarf, solche Konsummuster zu identifizieren, um möglichst frühzeitig effektive und kostengünstige Interventionen zu initiieren. Das primäre Gesundheitsversorgungssystem hat sich dafür als günstiger Rahmen erwiesen.