bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Penetrating craniofacial arrow injury
Authors: Jain DK , Aggarwal Gaurav , Lubana PS , Moses Sonia 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTArrow injuries are an extinct form of injury in most parts of the developed world, but are still seen, albeit infrequently in developing countries. Reports of penetrating injuries of the craniofacial region secondary to projectiles are few and far between. The morbidity-free outcome of surgical removal, in case of penetrating arrow injuries, despite the delay in presentation and, moreover, in the emergency surgical practice, are the salient points to be remembered whilst managing such cases, for ‘what the mind knows is what the eyes see and what the eyes see is what can be practiced’. We report the case of a patient who was attacked by a projectile fired from a crossbow. Immediate surgery under general anesthesia was required to remove the arrow, with utmost care to avoid any neurovascular compromise to the facial nerve, as well as minimize postoperative complications such as otitis media and subsequent meningitis.
Penetrating head injury from angle grinder: A cautionary tale
Authors: Senthilkumaran S , Balamurgan N , Arthanari K , Thirumalaikolundusubramanian P 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTPenetrating cranial injury is a potentially life-threatening condition. Injuries resulting from the use of angle grinders are numerous and cause high-velocity penetrating cranial injuries. We present a series of two penetrating head injuries associated with improper use of angle grinder, which resulted in shattering of disc into high velocity missiles with reference to management and prevention. One of those hit on the forehead of the operator and the other on the occipital region of the co-worker at a distance of fi ve meters. The pathophysiological consequence of penetrating head injuries depends on the kinetic energy and trajectory of the object. In the nearby healthcare center the impacted broken disc was removed without realising the consequences and the wound was packed. As the conscious level declined in both, they were referred. CT brain revealed fracture in skull and changes in the brain in both. Expeditious removal of the penetrating foreign body and focal debridement of the scalp, skull, dura, and involved parenchyma and Watertight dural closure were carried out. The most important thing is not to remove the impacted foreign body at the site of accident. Craniectomy around the foreign body, debridement and removal of foreign body without zigzag motion are needed. Removal should be done following original direction of projectile injury. The neurological sequelae following the non missile penetrating head injuries are determined by the severity and location of initial injury as well as the rapidity of the exploration and fastidious debridement.
Back bugged: A case of sacral hydatid cyst
Authors: Patel Dipak , Shukla Dhaval 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTHydatid cyst of bone constitutes only 0.5 - 2% of all hydatidoses. The thoracic spine is the most common site of spinal hydatidoses. Primary hydatid cyst of the sacral spinal canal is rare. A 23-year-old gentleman had back pain fi ve years ago. At that time he was evaluated and found to have a small cyst in S1 spinal canal, which was presumed to be a benign Tarlov’s cyst; and no treatment was off ered. He continued to have back pain and also developed sciatica on the right side. Neurological examination presently revealed right S1 radiculopathy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a large multiloculated cystic lesion extending from L5 to S2 spinal canal with bone erosion, both anteriorly and posteriorly. He underwent L5 to S2 laminectomy and excision of multiple cysts. The whole cyst was excised and cavity irrigated with sterilized formalin. A laparoscope was introduced in the cavity to look for extension into the pelvis and to confirm complete excision. Postoperatively, the patient received albendazole for two months. At 16 months follow-up the patient was asymptomatic. Hydatid cyst of sacrum is rare and can be missed at initial presentation. If the patient with a cystic lesion of sacral continues to have symptoms the diagnosis should be revaluated and prompt treatment should be off ered.
Biflatness and Pseudo-Amenability of Segal Algebras
Authors: Samei Ebrahim , Spronk Nico , Stokke Ross 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe investigate generalized amenability and biflatness properties of various (operator) Segal algebras in both the group algebra,L1(G), and the Fourier algebra,A(G), of a locally compact groupG.
Estimation of net uptake and leakage rates of orthophosphate from 32P‐uptake kinetics by a linear force‐flow model
Authors: Istvánovics Vera , Herodek Sándor 
Published: May 2010

32P‐uptake kinetics of extremely P‐deficient planktonic microorganisms were analyzed in shallow Lake Balaton by means of a conceptual model of P uptake. According to the model, net P uptake is a linear function of the driving force of the uptake and ceases below a substrate threshold for energetic reasons. We estimated net P‐uptake and P‐leakage rates from 32P‐uptake data. The study period (January–May 1992) covered development, steady state growth, and collapse of a typical spring diatom bloom. 32P incorporation of <3‐, 3–12‐, and > 12‐µm microorganisms was separated by postfiltration. On five occasions, net P‐uptake rates were simultaneously obtained from chemical measurements. Chemically measured net P‐uptake curves, 32P‐uptake curves, and size partitioning of 32P incorporation can be recalculated from the constants of the linear force‐flow model. The initial orthophosphate concentration fluctuated around 0.1 µg P liter−1. The community‐average P threshold exceeded the initial P concentration by a mean factor of 1.4, that of the > 12‐µm microorganisms by a mean factor of 3.9.Small‐scale fluctuations of in situ P concentrations were necessary to maintain P uptake and growth of larger microorganisms. In a nonhomogeneous environment, sensitivity to the fluctuating nutrient concentrations, efficiency of leakage reduction, and lower maintenance cell quotas may provide a competitive advantage to more complex organisms.
The effect of bivalve excurrent jet dynamics on mass transfer in a benthic boundary layer
Authors: O'Riordan C. A. , Monismith S. G. , Koseff J. R. 
Published: May 2010

Predictions of phytoplankton depletion by benthic bivalves in shallow, tidally driven estuaries must account for the formation of concentration boundary layers resulting from the dynamic interaction of bivalve siphonal currents with the overlying turbulent boundary layer. To study the near‐bed hydrodynamics of the benthic boundary layer, we conducted experiments in a laboratory flume using multiple jets and sinks to represent feeding by the siphonate species Tapes japonica and Potamocorbula amurensis. Refiltration fractions were determined by monitoring the concentration of dye ingested by incurrent siphons, and PLIF (planar laser‐induced fluorescence) was used to characterize the concentration fields.Results show that refiltration fractions can be as high as 48% and are a function of several dimensionless parameters: animal spacing (S/do), velocity ratio (uj: u*), siphon height (hs/do), and crossflow Reynolds number (Rex). (S is the mean distance between animals, do the excurrent siphon diameter, h the animal siphon height, uj the excurrent jet velocity, and u* the mean shear velocity.) We found that a good estimate of maximum refiltration (nmax) based on animal spacing is (nmaxS/do) ≈ 2−3 and have incorporated this result into a conceptual mass‐transfer model. Differences in concentration profiles calculated from PLIF images are likely due to the relative influence of four sources of turbulence in the flow: boundary‐layer shear, boundary roughness, jet in a crossflow, and multiple jet interactions.
An alternative approach to absorption measurements of aquatic particles retained on filters
Authors: Tassan Stelvio , Ferrari Giovanni M. 
Published: May 2010

We made modifications to the procedure used for absorption measurements of aquatic particles retained on glass‐fiber filters that extend the procedure's application range to “case 2” waters with high suspended sediment content and allow the determination of phytoplankton pigment absorption in situations where the standard solvent extraction method is not effective.The first result was achieved by combining light‐transmission and light‐reflection measurements (the latter made possible by the use of a commercially available integrating‐sphere attachment for the dual‐beam spectrophotometer) so as to remove the spurious contribution to the measured absorption caused by sample backscattering. The second result was obtained by bleaching the sample with a NaClO solution‐a method that proved satisfactory even with water‐soluble pigments (e.g. the important class of the phycobilins) and solvent‐resistant Chlorophyceae. This process also allows for depigmentation of the particle suspension, and thus it was used to evaluate the empirical expression for converting the filter‐retained sample absorbance to the equivalent particle suspension value.Both features of the modified procedure have been positively tested through measurements carried out on solvent‐resistant phytoplankton species and on samples of inorganic suspended sediment.
Flow hydrodynamics in tidal marsh canopies
Authors: Leonard Lynn A. , Luther Mark E. 
Published: May 2010

The transport of particulate and dissolved matter on the surface of coastal marshes is controlled by the hydrodynamic characteristics of over‐marsh flows. High‐frequency (5 Hz) in situ measurements of flow speed were collected in Spartina alterniflora, Juncus roemerianus, and Distichlis spicata canopies using hot‐film anemometry sensor arrays. These data indicate that mean flow speed, turbulence intensity, and the shape of the vertical speed profile are influenced by variations in plant morphology and stem density.Mean flow speed and turbulence intensity are inversely related to stern density and to distance from the creek edge. Flow energies decrease by about one order of magnitude when flows encounter the vegetated marsh surface and continue to decrease as vegetation density increases. Turbulent flow energy also decays exponentially with increasing distance from the creek edge. Reductions in flow speed coupled with energy decay provide a hydrologic mechanism for sediment deposition patterns commonly observed in marsh systems.Suspended matter transport is also affected by plant‐flow interactions. Vertical flow structure is strongly influenced by canopy morphology (plant type and plant shape). Plant‐flow interactions result in vertical speed profiles whose shapes deviate from the logarithmic profile typical in free‐stream conditions and in the development of transitional flow regimes (i.e. neither laminar nor fully turbulent).
Preparation of polyaniline/phosphorylated poly(vinyl alcohol) nanoparticles and their aqueous redispersion stability
Authors: Chen Fei , Liu Peng 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA novel approach for the preparation of the colloidal conducting polyaniline (PANI) nanoparticles was developed. The polyaniline/partially phosphorylated poly(vinyl alcohol)(PANI/P‐PVA) nanoparticles were prepared by the chemical oxidative dispersion polymerization of aniline monomer in 1.0 M HCl aqueous media with the partially phosphorylated poly(vinyl alcohol) (P‐PVA) as the stabilizer and codopant. The PANI/P‐PVA nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), electrical conductivity measurement, and redispersion stability testing. All the results were compared with the properties of the conventional polyaniline in the emeraldine salt form (PANI ES). It was found that the P‐PVA/aniline feeding ratio obviously affected the morphology, redispersion stability and electrical conductivity of the PANI/P‐PVA nanoparticles. When the P‐PVA/aniline feeding ratio ranged from 50 to 60 wt %, the PANI/P‐PVA nanoparticles showed spherical shape with good uniformity, significant redispersion stability in aqueous media, and good electrical conductivity up to 7 S/cm. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Molecular diversity of PBAN family peptides from fire ants
Authors: Choi Man‐Yeon , Vander Meer Robert K. , Valles Steven M. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe PBAN/Pyrokinin peptide family is a major neuropeptide family characterized with a common FXPRLamide in the C‐termini. These peptides are ubiquitously distributed in the Insecta and are involved in many essential endocrinal functions, e.g., pheromone production. Previous work demonstrated the localization of PBAN in the fire ant central nervous system, and identified a new family of PBAN from the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta. In this study, we identified five more PBAN/Pyrokinin genes from S. geminata, S. richteri, S. pergandii, S. carolinensis, and a hybrid of S. invicta and S. richteri. The gene sequences were used to determine the phylogenetic relationships of these species and hybrid, which compared well to the morphologically defined fire ant subgroup complexes. The putative PBAN and other peptides were determined from the amino acid sequences of the PBAN/pyrokinin genes. We summarized all known insect PBAN family neuropeptides, and for the first time constructed a phylogenetic tree based on the full amino acid sequences translated from representative PBAN cDNAs. The PBAN/pyrokinin gene is well conserved in Insecta and probably extends into the Arthropod phylum; however, translated pre‐propeptides may vary and functional diversity may be retained, lost, or modified during the evolutionary process. Published 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Robust face tracking control of a mobile robot using self‐tuning Kalman filter and echo state network
Authors: Tsai Chi‐Yi , Dutoit Xavier , Song Kai‐Tai , Van Brussel Hendrik , Nuttin Marnix 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis paper presents a novel design of face tracking algorithm and visual state estimation for a mobile robot face tracking interaction control system. The advantage of this design is that it can track a user's face under several external uncertainties and estimate the system state without the knowledge about target's 3D motion‐model information. This feature is helpful for the development of a real‐time visual tracking control system. In order to overcome the change in skin color due to light variation, a real‐time face tracking algorithm is proposed based on an adaptive skin color search method. Moreover, in order to increase the robustness against colored observation noise, a new visual state estimator is designed by combining a Kalman filter with an echo state network‐based self‐tuning algorithm. The performance of this estimator design has been evaluated using computer simulation. Several experiments on a mobile robot validate the proposed control system.Copyright © 2010 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Vector control for induction motor drives based on adaptive variable structure control algorithm
Authors: Barambones O. , Alkorta P. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis paper presents a new adaptive robust control for induction motor drives. The proposed control scheme is based on the so‐called field oriented control theory that allows to control the induction motor like a separately excited direct current motor drive, where the field flux (produced by the field current) and the armature flux (produced by the armature current) are decoupled. The robust control law is based on the sliding mode control theory, but unlike the traditional sliding mode control schemes, the proposed design incorporates an adaptive switching gain that avoids the need of calculating an upper limit of the system uncertainties. Moreover the proposed control law is smoothed out in order to avoid the high control activity inherent to the switching control laws. The resulting closed loop system is proven to be stable using the Lyapunov stability theory.Copyright © 2010 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Of mites and millipedes: Recent progress in resolving the base of the arthropod tree
Authors: Caravas Jason , Friedrich Markus 
Published: May 2010

AbstractDeep‐level arthropod phylogeny has been in a state of upheaval ever since the emergence of molecular tree reconstruction approaches. While a consensus has settled in that hexapods are more closely related to crustaceans than to myriapods, the phylogenetic position of the latter has remained a matter of debate. Mitochondrial, nuclear, and genome‐scale studies have proposed rejecting the long‐standing superclade Mandibulata, which unites myriapods with insects and crustaceans, in favor of a clade that unites myriapods with chelicerates and has become known as Paradoxapoda or Myriochelata. Here we discuss the progress, problems, and prospects of arriving at the final arthropod tree.
Understanding on the residue contact network using the log‐normal cluster model and the multilevel wheel diagram
Authors: Sun Weitao , He Jing 
Published: May 2010

AbstractResidue clusters play essential role in stabilizing protein structures in the form of complex networks. We show that the cluster sizes in a native protein follow the log‐normal distribution for a dataset consisting of 424 proteins. To our knowledge, this is the first time of such fitting for the native structures. Based on log‐normal model, the asymptotically increasing mean cluster sizes produce a critical protein chain length of about 200 amino acids, beyond which length most globular proteins have nearly the same mean cluster sizes. This suggests that the larger proteins use a different packing mechanism than the smaller proteins. We confirmed the scale‐free property of the residue contact network for most of the protein structures in the dataset, although the violations were observed for the tightly packed proteins. Residue cluster network wheel (RCNW) is proposed to visualize the relationship between the multiple properties of the residue network such as the cluster size, the residue types and contacts, and the flexibility of the residue. We noticed that the residues with large cluster size have smaller Cα displacement measured using the normal mode analysis. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 93: 904–916, 2010.
Control of microbial attachment by inhibition of ATP and ATP‐mediated autoinducer‐2
Authors: Xu Huijuan , Liu Yu 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn this study, 2,4‐dinitrophenol (DNP), a typical chemical uncoupler, was employed to investigate the possible roles of ATP and autoinducer‐2 (AI‐2) of suspended microorganisms in attachment onto nylon membrane and glass slide surfaces. Results showed that DNP could disrupt ATP synthesis, subsequently led to a reduced production of AI‐2 which is a common signaling molecule for cellular communication. Attachment of suspended microorganisms exposed to DNP was significantly suppressed as compared to microorganisms without contact with DNP. These suggest that an energized state of suspended microorganisms would favor microbial attachment to both nylon membrane and glass slide surfaces. The extent of microbial attachment was found to be positively related to the AI‐2 content of microorganisms. This study offers insights into the control of biofouling by preventing initial microbial attachment through inhibition of energy metabolism. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;107: 31–36. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of glucose and insulin on HepG2‐C3A cell metabolism
Authors: Iyer Vidya V. , Yang Hong , Ierapetritou Marianthi G. , Roth Charles M. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractHepG2, hepatocellular carcinoma cells, are used in drug toxicity studies and have also been explored for bioartificial livers. For these applications, the cells are under variable levels of nutrients and hormones, the effects of which on metabolism are poorly understood. In this study, HepG2‐C3A cells were cultured under varying levels of glucose (high, low, and glucose‐free) and insulin (without and with physiological levels of insulin) for 5 days. Cell growth was found to be comparable between high and low glucose media and lowest for glucose‐free medium. Several features of central metabolism were affected profoundly by the medium glucose levels. Glucose consumption was greater for low glucose medium compared to high glucose medium, consistent with known glucose feedback regulation mechanisms. Urea productivity was highest in glucose‐free medium. Further, it was seen that lactate acted as an alternative carbon source in the absence of glucose, whereas it acted as a sink for the high and low glucose media. Using a metabolic network flexibility analysis (MNFA) framework with stoichiometric and thermodynamic constraints, intracellular fluxes under varying levels of glucose and insulin were evaluated. The analysis indicates that urea production in HepG2‐C3A cells arises via the arginase II pathway rather than from ammonia detoxification. Further, involvement of the putrescine metabolism with glutamine metabolism caused higher urea production in glucose‐free medium consistent with higher glutamine uptake. MNFA indicated that in high and low glucose media, glycolysis, glutaminolysis, and oxidative phosphorylation were the main sources of energy (NADH, NADPH, and ATP). In the glucose‐free medium, due to very low glycolytic flux, higher malate to pyruvate glutaminolytic flux and TCA cycle contributed more significantly to energy metabolism. The presence of insulin lowered glycerol uptake and corresponding fluxes involved in lipid metabolism for all glucose levels but otherwise exerted negligible effect on metabolism. HepG2‐C3A cells thus show distinct differences from primary hepatocytes in terms of energy metabolism and urea production. This knowledge can be used to design media supplements and metabolically engineer cells to restore necessary hepatic functions to HepG2‐C3A cells for a range of applications. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;107: 347–356. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genome‐derived minimal metabolic models for Escherichia coli MG1655 with estimated in vivo respiratory ATP stoichiometry
Authors: Taymaz‐Nikerel Hilal , Borujeni Amin Espah , Verheijen Peter J.T. , Heijnen Joseph J. , van Gulik Walter M. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractMetabolic network models describing growth of Escherichia coli on glucose, glycerol and acetate were derived from a genome scale model of E. coli. One of the uncertainties in the metabolic networks is the exact stoichiometry of energy generating and consuming processes. Accurate estimation of biomass and product yields requires correct information on the ATP stoichiometry. The unknown ATP stoichiometry parameters of the constructed E. coli network were estimated from experimental data of eight different aerobic chemostat experiments carried out with E. coli MG1655, grown at different dilution rates (0.025, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.3 h−1) and on different carbon substrates (glucose, glycerol, and acetate). Proper estimation of the ATP stoichiometry requires proper information on the biomass composition of the organism as well as accurate assessment of net conversion rates under well‐defined conditions. For this purpose a growth rate dependent biomass composition was derived, based on measurements and literature data. After incorporation of the growth rate dependent biomass composition in a metabolic network model, an effective P/O ratio of 1.49 ± 0.26 mol of ATP/mol of O, KX (growth dependent maintenance) of 0.46 ± 0.27 mol of ATP/C‐mol of biomass and mATP (growth independent maintenance) of 0.075 ± 0.015 mol of ATP/C‐mol of biomass/h were estimated using a newly developed Comprehensive Data Reconciliation (CDR) method, assuming that the three energetic parameters were independent of the growth rate and the used substrate. The resulting metabolic network model only requires the specific rate of growth, µ, as an input in order to accurately predict all other fluxes and yields. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;107: 369–381. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.