bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are they Different? a Comparison of Risk in Dangerous and Severe Personality Disordered and Personality Disordered Hospitalized Populations
Authors: Sheldon K. , Tetley A. , Vollm B. , Thompson C. , Krishnan G. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionThere has been considerable interest internationally in the assessment and treatment of individuals who have a severe personality disorder and who might pose a high-risk of future recidivism. In the United Kingdom, the ‘Dangerous and Severe Personality Disorder’ (DSPD) programme was initiated to deal with just this group. It is important, however, that the DSPD service is filling a treatment void and not competing with already well-established and effective services for (non-DPSD) personality disordered patients. Objective: To establish whether those admitted to innovative DSPD services are different from those admitted to conventional personality disorder (PD) services.AimTo compare patients admitted to DSPD services with those admitted to personality disordered (non-DPSD) services.MethodSixty patients admitted to DSPD services, under DSPD criteria, were compared with 44 patients admitted to personality disordered (non-DSPD) services within the same high secure psychiatric hospital, on risk measures, including(1)an index of predicted future violence(2)previous offending behaviour and(3)pre-treatment levels of institutional risk-related behaviour.ResultsDSPD patients do pose a greater clinical and management risk, have a higher number of pre-treatment risk-related behaviour, and have a greater number of convictions and imprisonments after age 18, relative to PD patients.ConclusionThe findings broadly confirm the hypotheses as to the higher risk in DSPD patients and thus offer support for the main purpose of DSPD services: to provide treatment for those who represent the highest priority in terms of treatment need and risk to public protection. Implications are discussed.
Pharmacoepidemiologic studies on psychiatric drugs use in Serbia
Authors: Divac N. , Prostran M. , Todorović Z. , Jašović Gašić M. , Lečić Toševski D. , Stojanović R. 
Published: May 2011

High rate of prescribing of psychiatric drugs causes medical, social and economic consequences.This research was performed by collecting and analysing all the papers published on this matter in Serbia.In former Yugoslavia (of which Serbia was a constitutive republic), during the eighties, a study of benzodiazepines use showed a trend of the increase of their use (17,9 defined daily doses - DDDs in 1983 - 22,3 DDDs in 1988) (Macolic V et al. Benzodiazepines utilization in Yugoslavia 1983–1988. Pharmaca 1990;217–97). Similar trends continued in the nineties. In 1994 diazepam was at the first position on the list of most prescribed drugs (Miljković M. et al. Analysis of Drug Utilization in Serbia During the Years 1996 and 1997. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2000;9:59–64.). The analysis of the trend of prescribing of psychiatric drugs in Serbia (2000–2004) shows the increase, with the emphasis on the use of benzodiazepines and antidepressants (Divac N. et al. Trends in consumption of psychiatric drugs in Serbia and Montenegro 2000–2004. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2006;15:835–8.). There are also positive, qualitative changes in the prescribing practice: the increase of the use of SSRI antidepressants and atypical antipsychotics. Specific prescribing habits were noticed: the common practice of polypharmacy in the treatment of psychoses (Divac N. et al. Antipsychotic polypharmacy at the University Psychiatric Hospital in Serbia. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2007;16:1250–1.).Pharmacoepidemiologic methods have found its place in Serbian science. The methodology used in these studies is mostly up-to-date. Main limitation of these studies is the lack of databases.
Comparison of risperidone response rate between different CYP2D6 metabolisers
Authors: Barteček R. , Juřica J. , Zrůstová J. , Kašpárek T. , Žourková A. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionRisperidone is an antipsychotic used as the first-line treatment of schizophrenia. Risperidone is metabolised by enzyme CYP2D6. Activity of this enzyme can be predicted by genotypization.ObjectivesTo explore the possibility of different response rate to risperidone in first-episode schizophrenia patients with different CYP2D6 genotype.AimTo asses the utility of CYP2D6 pharmacogenetic testing in patients with schizophrenia treated with risperidone.MethodsCYP2D6 genotype was assessed in 22 first-episode schizophrenic patients by use of automatic sequencing of DNA isolated from peripheral leukocytes. PANSS score was assessed every week of treatment until the change in medication or patient release.Response was defined as at least 30% reduction in total PANSS. Differences in response rate between groups were tested by Fisher's exact test.Results10 CYP2D6 extensive metabolisers (EM), 8 intermediate metabolisers (IM) and 4 poor metabolisers (PM) were identified. Criteria for response met 4 EM, 4 IM and 1 PM. Differences in response rate between groups were not statistically significant.ConclusionsAlthough group of IM had higher response rate than EM and PM, differences in response rate did not reach statistical significance. Further differences may be found by extending the sample size. An useful approach would be also to examine differences in occurrence of adverse effects and subjective tolerance of the treatment.AcknowledgementThe study was supported by the grant of Czech Ministry of Health No. NS 9676-4/2008.
Dystonia and acute psychotic episode complicated by neuroleptic malignant syndrome in an adolescent with CYP2D6 deficiency
Authors: Wolańczyk T. , Butwicka A. , Szymańska K. , Retka W. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionCYP2D6 gene encodes an isozyme of the P450 cytochrome mono-oxygenase family, responsible for hepatic metabolism of the majority of neuroleptics. Phenotypes of CYP2D6 activity are ultrarapid, extensive, intermediate, and poor metabolizers. Prevalence of poor metabolizers is relatively high in European Caucasian population and ranges between 5–10%. The subjects with such phenotype are more likely to manifest adverse reactions and toxicity following administration of drugs in standard doses.ObjectiveWe describe a case report of a 16 year old male patient with dystonia and acute psychotic episode who developed neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) associated with antipsychotic medication and a non-functional CYP2D6*4 allele.MethodsThe patient's clinical course is a case report.ResultsThe patient developed NMS after treatment with standard doses of antipsychotics. Genotyping revealed that this patient was homozygous for non-functional CYP2D6*4 allele. Ziprasidone was used for a follow-up treatment after recovery from the NMS. Persistent neuropsychiatric impairment was noted after 9-months.ConclusionsInitial symptoms developed by this patient may be explained by overuse OTC cough medication. This case suggest that as in adult population, non-functional CYP2D6 allele could be associated with NMS in pediatric population. This means that screening for CYP2D6*4 allele in pediatric patients with NMS and history of adverse drug reactions could be helpful in the treatment of residual state after NMS.
DRD4 polymorphism predicts the effect of L-DOPA on gambling behaviour
Authors: Eisenegger C. , Knoch D. , Ebstein R.P. , Gianotti L.R.R. , Sándor P.S. , Fehr E. 
Published: May 2011

A challenging question in the fields of neuroscience and addiction research is why some individuals are more vulnerable than others to addictive disorders. Pharmacogenetic studies investigating how genetic variation leads to differential drug response offer a way to unravel this mystery.In recent years, impulse control disorders, in particular pathological gambling, have been described in Parkinson's patients; these problems are most likely associated with dopaminergic treatment. Interestingly, only a subgroup of Parkinson's patients develops pathological gambling, raising the question whether there might be an interaction between genetic predisposition and dopaminergic drug administration. By applying a pharmacogenetic approach in 200 healthy subjects, we observed a differential effect of dopaminergic stimulation using 300 mg of L-DOPA on gambling behaviour, depending on variation in the dopamine D4 receptor gene. Carriers of the 7 repeats allele of the DRD4 exon III variable number tandem repeat polymorphism show an increased propensity to gamble after dopamine modulation. These findings may have implications for the dopaminergic treatment of Parkinson's disease patients by offering a genotype approach for determining individual susceptibilities for pathological gambling. They may also afford insights into the vulnerability mechanisms underlying addictive behaviour.
Seborrheic dermatitis: Could be a rare side effect of nortriptyline?
Authors: Anari A. Mehdizadeh Zare , Ghaffarinejad A. 
Published: May 2011

In Iran, although new antidepressants are available, nortriptyline is widely used because of being economical and accessible.Physicians prescribe it for psychiatric disorders, especially in hospitalized or outpatients with depression.Clinicians know its common side effects, for example anticholinergic effects, but such as other drugs it has rare adverse effects.Here, we present a 27 years old woman with major depression disorder who has been treated with nortriptyline/75 mg/day. After a week she came back with seborrheic dermatitis, the diagnosis was confirmed by a dermatologist. Lesions disappear when she discontinued the drug. In her past psychiatric history we found similar lesions in previous depressive episode and using same drug 5 years ago Which are treated only after stop using nortriptylin. She has no lesions in episode intervals.Although, uncommon skin effects such as uriticaria and angioedema had been reported but this is the first patient with confirmed seborrehic dermatitis.
Venlafaxine and CYP2D6 in clinical practice: An observational study
Authors: Zeppegno P. , Rolla R. , Dalo V. , Ressico F. , Parafioriti A. , Prosperini P. , Bellomo G. , Torre E. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionVenlafaxine is a serotonin-norepinephrine inhibitor, mainly metabolized by CYP2D6 to its active metabolite ODV. Depending on CYP2D6 activity, patients may be identified as Poor, Intermediate, Extensive or Ultrarapid Metabolizers. There is some evidence that a PM phenotype is associated with poor tolerance more often than an EM; while a UM patient would only respond to a greater dose of Venlafaxine1.ObjectivesTo evaluate the impact of CYP2D6 phenotype on the efficacy of Venlafaxine XR in depressed patients.MethodsThis observational study evaluated 27 Caucasian adult patients (F = 18, M = 9), satisfying DSM-IV criteria for Major Depressive, Bipolar Disorder or Personality Disorder receiving treatment with Venlafaxine 75–300 mg/die.CYP2D6 alleles were evaluated with INFINITI CYP2D6 assay, which employs AutoGenomics proprietary film-based microarray technology.ResultsMost patients were identified as EMs, 4 as PMs, while only one was identified as UM. The only statistically significant difference between Extensive and Poor Metabolizers was, in contrast with current literature, the need of a greater mean dose of Venlafaxine in the second group (225 mg/die vs 159.38 mg/die, t student: p = 0.01).Likewise, in contrast with literature, the UM patient was responsive to average doses of Venlafaxine.On the contrary, we found no statistically significant differences as far as efficacy, adverse events or duration of treatment are concerned.ConclusionsIn our sample, CYP2D6 metabolizer status does not seem to affect treatment response nor adverse events related to Venlafaxine.
Does suicide allways have to be pathologic?: Contemplating rational suicide
Authors: Lucas R.M. Freire 
Published: May 2011

While nothing is more universal and inevitable than death, nothing is more private and avoidable than suicide. Patterns of suicide and attitudes towards suicide exhibit wide variations between societies and between different ages in the same society. Thus, the study of suicide gives us the opportunity to investigate about one of the most perplexing and important aspects of human culture, namely, the malleability of moral attitudes.With this presentation it is aimed to review the concept of rational suicide, meaning the cases where there is no conditioning mental illness. Given the wide scope of the topic, it will be addressed here, though superficially, from various viewpoints: literary, philosophical, sociological, moral, medical- psychiatric, among others.It is concluded that suicide should not be regarded as a sine qua non condition of mental illness and that this may constitute a “strategic” answer, congruent with a certain philosophical perspective, in personal crisis situations.
Persian talismans and psychology
Authors: Ghaffarinejad A. , Estilai F. 
Published: May 2011

Talisman is writing on metal, paper or animals skin which is a collection of diagrams, words, numbers and amazing patterns. Talismans usually are an illegible writings and not comprehensible for everyone.Talismans have had an important role in ordinary life and interpersonal relations of Iranians since the years.These talismans have used for making kindness, removing the evil eye effect, marriage, birth and…Despite, these are not studied scientifically and this question that talismans actually are archetype has no answer yet.Archetypes are a collection of perception and over perception which a group inherits. They are simple pictures and have dynamic process of collective unconscious.In this view, the talismans are a type of archetypes; they are natural process frequently repeat and have relation with inner and outer events of human's life.Major archetypes are Self, Shadow, Anima and Animus. In this article we try finding some of these archetypes in texts and pictures of ancient Iranian talismans base on Carl Gustav Jung psychology by using images and explain them.
Philosophy and psychiatry: An analysis and discussion of the epistemology of affective disorders
Authors: Hankir A.K. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionPsychiatric enterprise is inextricably bound to philosophical inquiry. Clinical practice, psychiatric theorizing and mental health policy each inevitably engage philosophical ideas. Despite this, psychiatry still cleaves to its traditional self-conception as a medical subspecialty. The purpose of this poster is to expose the philosophical presuppositions inherent within psychiatry and to highlight the need for philosophical approaches to this branch of medicine.MethodsA literature search was conducted along with a review of Jennifer Radden's canon The Philosophy of Psychiatry. The interrelatedness of psychiatry and philosophy was elucidated by analysing and discussing the epistemology of affective disorders.ResultsMy research reveals that the philosophical literature on depression proceeds along three main paradigms: the moral, the medical, and the social/political. Much of contemporary literature on depressive illness in philosophy centres on the moral and medical approaches to clinical depression. These two paradigms clash, the former being concerned with morality and the latter with therapy. According to proponents of the moral paradigm, depression may be a legitimate manifestation of truths about a sufferer's situation whereas advocates of the medical model propose that depression is merely a medical condition that needs medical attention and treatment. The social/political approach uses melancholia as an analytical category of social and political systems, rather than individuals.DiscussionPhilosophical research on a psychiatric illness repeatedly demonstrates that the field is essentially interdisciplinary. The strength of this interdisciplinary work is that many important minds unite to think through the crucial questions that depressive illness poses for humanity.
The united new politics theory could cure the mankind and safeguard the health world
Authors: Han-You X. 
Published: May 2011

The mankind is striving for peace and health. Because the social and politic influence can cause diseases. The unstable world has been causing bad impact on the health level. The differences of philosophy have been bringing out the unstable world and bad health.There is a new breakthrough politics theory, all the countries are communism beded, was first concluded by the author. The new theory is being supported by lots of facts. The new theory may prevent worldwide war and bleeding and promote health, peace and development around the world. The world has been being divided and confronted by communism and capitalism. It is known to all that the politic system of China is so called mainly communism. But lots of facts indicate that the Americans led developed countries have been behaving communisms. So as the other developed countries.Though the Americans led developed countries do not consider communism as their philosophy. In fact, they are the new types of communism countries. The new breakthrough politics theory can pave the way for peace and development around the world and prevent worldwide from war and bleeding. If we adopted to the new politics theory. The world would be better and better. The constantly bad social and politic influence on health of mankind could be prevented and cured. The united new politics theory could cure the mankind and safeguard the health world. The author is urging the policymakers, politicians around the world adopt the united new politics theory, cure the mankind!
Development of the pilot's image: From pathological to normal
Authors: Lyssakova E. , Lyssakov N. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionResearches of the human factor in dangerous professions are actual because it raise reliability of professional activity in extra-risk conditions.ObjectivesWe consider that image of the professional is an important part of each profession, its formation should be carried out by science means.AimsDuring the period when aviation was as a show (1909–1912) image of the pilots with pathological characteristics: 1) a genetic pathology: «people-birds»; 2) a psychic pathology: «people-suicides» dominated.MethodsDuring investigation we applied an archival method, a biographic method, a method of the analysis of the prose, poetry devoted to Russian aviation.ResultsWith the beginning of the organization of professional selection and vocational training based on aviation medicine, aviation psychology and aviation pedagogy image of the pilot has got characteristics of adequacy to norms of a flyinq profession. By the 1930s process of formation of scientifically well-founded image of the pilot has come to the end. It is necessary to notice that the image of the astronaut at once constructed on a scientific basis, has been deprived of pathological signs.ConclusionsHence, the medicine, psychology, pedagogy are good image-makers of the professional and profession. These sciences should be developed and should be constructed on a common philosophical basis.
Towards an interdisciplinary neurophilosophy
Authors: Tretter F. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionScience (e.g. neuroscience) aims to “explain” phenomena (e.g. consciousness). Philosophy of science analyses the structure, consistency, range etc. of the respective scientific “theories” (e.g. philosophy of physics).ObjectivesA philosophy of neuroscience could be established (Neurophilosophy) as neurobiology claims to “explain” mental states and processes. Some (analytical) philosophers (e.g. Hacker) criticize brain theories because of mereological fallacies (e.g. not the brain/neurons can “decide”, but a person), misconceptions (e.g. “information”), implicit Cartesianism etc. But also some neuroscientists devaluate philosophy (e.g. Crick, Edelman, Zeki). Obviously, a deep gap in communication between neuroscience and philosophy exists.Aims and methodsWe propose an integrated systematic programme of “interdisciplinary neurophilosophy” that could help by integrating findings of philosophy, psychology, neurobiology and systems science.ResultsFor instance, it is useful to talk about the “brain” as an extremely heterogeneous interconnected system that encompasses the problem of “dynamic complexity” and to use views of “systems science” and/or “computational science” in order to understand the phenomenology of network-based neural processing and coding. Also more detailed medical/neurobiological definitions of the “conscious brain” (e.g. probably excluding the cerebellum) are important for the brain-mind debate. Additionally, psychological and psychiatric categories have to be reviewed with the aim of a functional language.ConclusionsAn institutionalized multidisciplinary neurophilosophy will help to proceed in brain-mind debate.
First impressions within the Gaze Encounter
Authors: Wilson D.R. 
Published: May 2011

Eye contact, as an encounter between two conscious and self-conscious human beings, and in advance of any word being spoken, appears to have the remarkable capacity to accurately (Gladwell, 2005) form the feelings and the meaning-content that structures our interpretation of Others as more or less perfect or different versions of ourselves (e.g. “People find out I’m an actress and I see that ‘whore’ look flicker across their eyes” [Rachel Weisz]).With a primary focus on ‘the novel’ “as an intense experience of prolonged intimacy with another consciousness” (Lodge, 2002), this paper will seek to analyse and discuss the underpinning concepts and philosophical ideas, together with any prevailing psychological assumptions that relate to the content of The Gaze Encounter. More precisely, what occurs in that moment between the “before we are and what we were” (Lowell, 1992); in that moment when all kinds of assumptions and inferences, as well as judgements and decisions are made, usually by both characters, about the Other's ‘inner truth’, sanity, or essential being?This paper seeks to excavate those base and mainly unconscious physical sensations that form the basis of more or less conscious feelings that, then, generate decisions about The Other; frequently, before a word is spoken.The Heuristic research methodology (Moustakas, 1990) will be employed throughout. The results will establish a more robust relationship between sensations/feelings/decision-making.The Conclusions will either support of undermine Rogers’ (1957) concept of ‘unconditional positive regard’. DRW
Trauma therapeutic approach through “An Algerian Experience”
Authors: Bouchaib C.C. 
Published: May 2011

The purpose of our study which lasted four years through a concomitant psychological measures of two cases “P.T.S.D”, is to try to highlight, beyond their apparent similarity, the impact nature on their lives, by mean of plural therapeutic approach within a new care process, invented carefully almost daily by a group of young voluntary nursing auxiliaries within Psychological - Social and Medical Association of Tebessa which our patients joined voluntary at a crucial moment of their disorders where their existential prognostics seemed definitively compromised…. Our need to talk about our experience is not justified by a dangerous pretension of us to claim any originality or recognition. Our therapeutic strategy was neither a gratifying mission nor an achievement in itself. It was imposed to our team as a real rescue operation without consultation, with all the potential uncertainties, deterioration, coming either from patients or members of the medical team, themselves!!A matter of interest, foreign colleagues considered as leading light of humanitarian action recommended to us to imprison one of them in asylum for life as he was very dangerous.…Apparently, they had good intention and may be they were right trying to reason us. However, we persisted in taking all risks of such rescue operation; without even a legal cover to protect us from possible harmful consequences of our daily daring!! May be it was our alone merit !!