bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Desperately seeking evidence: The recovered memory debate
Authors: Memon Amina , Young Mark 
Published: June 2011

Purpose. The debate concerning the recovery of repressed memories of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is one with which academics and professionals are becoming increasingly familiar. This paper asks whether or not recovered memories require special psychological mechanisms to explain as this has implications if legal proceedings are initiated on the basis of that recovered memory.Method. The following areas are deemed relevant when evaluating evidence based upon a recovered memory: (i) the effects of trauma on memory (an influence on memory at the encoding stage); (ii) how memory can be aided and distorted (an influence on memory at the retrieval stage); and (iii) factors likely to influence jury decisions concerning recovered memories.Results. Cases documenting the veracity of recovered memories are few and far between. On the contrary there is sufficient evidence to be concerned about the accuracy of recovered memories in the legal context.Conclusions. Further research is needed on the conditions under which false recollections may occur and how these may be prevented.
Work, family and well‐being. Can the law help?
Authors: Lewis Suzan , Lewis Jeremy 
Published: June 2011

Purpose. To consider the potential contributions of the law to the promotion of conditions congruent with a healthy balance between work and family life.Arguments. Traditional models of work are often incompatible with multiple roles in work and family. Flexible, ‘family‐friendly’ employment opportunities are limited in availability and conditions and many employees have a low sense of entitlement to be able to modify work for family reasons. Using English law as an example it is argued that discrimination law and health and safety law have considerable potential to facilitate work and family balance by (i) enhancing the conditions of part‐time and flexible forms of work (job enhancement), and (ii) challenging the primacy of the traditional model of work (organizational challenge). The use of discrimination law, however, can perpetuate gender inequalities. Future developments should focus directly on facilitating multiple roles.Conclusions. The law has the potential to contribute to the achievement of a healthy balance between work and family by discouraging employers from regarding non‐paradigm workers as peripheral to organizations, and by contributing to a stronger sense of entitlement among workers to flexibility as a right rather than a privilege. Its impact is, however, limited by a number of social, organizational and individual factors.
The relationships among interviewer utterance type, CBCA scores and the richness of children's responses
Authors: Hershkowitz Irit , Lamb Michael E. , Sternberg Kathleen J. , Esplin Phillip W. 
Published: June 2011

Objectives. The goal of the study was to determine whether the criterion‐based content analysis (CBCA) indicators of credibility were more likely to be elicited by open‐ended interview prompts than by more directive prompts.Methods. Coders independently applied a revised CBCA coding scheme while others rated interviewer utterance types and the length and richness of children's responses in transcripts of 20 forensic interviews of alleged victims of child sexual abuse.Results. There were high correlations between the number of CBCA criteria identified and both the length and richness of the children's utterances. Open‐ended invitations were especially useful in eliciting responses that contained CBCA criteria, as expected.Conclusions. Open‐ended invitations thus appear to elicit both more numerous details and details that are believed to suggest credibility. Implications for the application of CBCA codes to credibility assessment are discussed.
Varieties of truth: Psychology–law discourse as a dispute over the forms and content of knowledge
Authors: Brown Mark 
Published: June 2011

Purpose. Despite much comment and theorizing in the psychological literature on the proper relationship between psychology and law, the fact remains that little use is made of psychological research in the legal arena. The purpose of this paper is to consider why this might be and to suggest an explanation that focuses upon the way these different fields hold widely divergent views on truth.Argument. It is argued that the failure of law to avail itself of psychological knowledge is not due to institutional boundary disputes or procedural conflicts but rather reflects fundamental differences in the legal and psychological criteria for knowledge. Popper's distinction between methodological nominalism and essentialism is used to demonstrate the core differences between legal and psychological requirements for understanding, but it is emphasized that while these ultimately lead to different forms of knowledge, the disciplines have in fact developed similar institutional procedures for generating and regulating knowledge production.Conclusions. It is therefore concluded that resolution of the stand‐off between psychology and law will not be achieved by tinkering with surface procedures but requires a fundamental re‐evaluation of what constitutes acceptable knowledge to occur within each discipline. Instances where this has occurred (e.g. legal realism in law, critical psychology) demonstrate that it is not beyond the capacity of either party to accommodate change and point towards further avenues for development in the psychology‐law discourse.
Newspaper readership and the perception of crime: Testing an assumed relationship through a triangulation of methods
Authors: O'Connell Michael , Invernizzi Federica , Fuller Ray 
Published: June 2011

Objectives. To examine the degree of association between newspaper readership and perception of crime and whether a causal relationship favouring a top‐down model (i.e. media shapes public opinion) of media‐audience interaction found support rather than a bottom‐up model (i.e. media responds to public opinion).Methods. The study involved the triangulation of three methods. Study 1 was a quantitative analysis of 2000 newspaper articles involving crime. Study 2 was a number of semi‐structured interviews with newspaper crime correspondents. Study 3 was a two‐part experimental investigation of the causal model.Results. Study 1 demonstrated a correspondence between misperception of crime and key quantitative measures of crime presentation in four newspapers. Study 2 found a correspondence between the newspaper values of crime journalists and the views of their readers. The experimental work in Study 3 did not demonstrate one‐off presentation effects as predicted by a simple top‐down model.Conclusions. There appeared to be evidence confirming an association between readers' views and the presentation of crime in their newspapers. However, the results of the experimental study do not permit an exclusive top‐down interpretation of this association.
Differentiating arsonists: A model of firesetting actions and characteristics
Authors: Canter David , Fritzon Katarina 
Published: June 2011

It is hypothesized that there will be behavioural consistencies in the actions of arsonists when committing a crime that characterize them. The themes underlying these observable differences can be used to help us understand the nature of the offence. With arson, one such observable difference is hypothesized to relate to the target or focus of the attack. The study tested whether consistencies could be found that distinguish person‐oriented from object‐oriented arsons. A second proposed facet of arson actions relates to the motivational category underlying the act, being either instrumental or expressive. It was also hypothesized, therefore, that there would be a distinction in the arson actions between fires set for a clear instrumental purpose, and those which may be regarded as emotional acting‐out. The hypothesis that these four themes would differentiate arsonists was tested by analysing 175 solved arson cases from across England. The case files were content analysed to produce 42 behavioural variables taken from both the crime reports and witness statements. In order to test the hypotheses of differentiation a smallest space analysis was carried out.The results support this framework giving rise to four distinct themes to arson from which scales with reasonable alpha scores could be derived. Two relate to expressive acts, (a) those that are realized within the arsonist's own feelings, being analogous to suicide, and (b) those that are acted on objects, like the burning of symbolic buildings. The other two relate to instrumental acts, (c) those that are for personal indulgence, similar to personal revenge, and (d) those that have an object focus such as hiding evidence from a crime. A further test of the validity of these four themes was to examine the typical characteristics of the people who committed the different types of arson. Four scales of arsonists' characteristics were developed. These were found to have appropriate, statistically significant correlations with the four themes.The implications of these findings for understanding the varieties of arson as revealed through the actions that occur are discussed, as well as the implications for arson investigations. It is speculated that this framework may provide a general model for considering a wide range of crimes.
The role of psychopathy in assessing risk for violence: Conceptual and methodological issues
Authors: Hart Stephen D. 
Published: June 2011

Purpose. There is growing evidence that psychopathic (dissocial) personality disorder is associated with violence. The purpose of this paper is to consider the role of psychopathy in clinical assessments of risk for violence.Arguments. Risk assessments are conducted for the purpose of preventing, not predicting, violence. Yet, most research on risk for violence is conducted and interpreted within the framework of a simplistic prediction paradigm, thus underestimating the practical importance of risk factors. Despite this bias, violence predictions based on psychopathy are only slightly less accurate than predictions that cognitive behavioral therapy will reduce symptoms of depression or cardiac bypass surgery will reduce angina pain; and more accurate than predictions that smaller class sizes will lead to improved academic achievement or cardiac bypass surgery will reduce mortality.Conclusion. Information about psychopathy can be used to make relatively accurate predictions of violence. Of course, decisions concerning if and how such information should be used are another matter. The paper concludes with recommendations concerning the appropriate role of psychopathy in violence risk assessments and avenues for future research.
Pretrial publicity: Effects of admonition and expressing pretrial opinions
Authors: Freedman Jonathan L. , Martin Christiane K. , Mota Victor L. 
Published: June 2011

Purpose. To assess the effect of pretrial publicity on mock jurors' post‐trial opinions and verdicts, and to investigate the role of the judge's admonition to ignore information obtained outside the trial and the role of asking jurors for their opinions before the trial.Methods. In two studies, university students were exposed to pretrial publicity that was either negative or neutral towards the defendant, a week or more later were shown a videotape of a trial, and asked for their opinions about guilt and their verdicts. In Study 1, with 99 participants, the judge's instruction either did or did not contain a specific admonition to ignore information outside the trial. In Study 2, with 78 participants, pretrial opinions either were or were not solicited.Results. Neither study found any main effect of pretrial publicity. In Study 1, jurors given the specific admonition were less likely to think the defendant was guilty. In Study 2, only when participants were asked for their pretrial opinions of guilt were their post‐trial opinions and verdicts significantly affected by negative pretrial publicity.Conclusions. The post‐trial effects of pretrial publicity are not strong and robust, but rather appear to depend on other factors in the situation. We interpret the effect of the specific admonition as being due to a leaning‐over‐backwards phenomenon. We interpret the effect of soliciting pretrial opinions as magnifying the effects of pretrial publicity and producing an overestimate of their strength.
Memory quality and misinformation for peripheral and central objects
Authors: Wright Daniel B. , Stroud Joanne N. 
Published: June 2011

Purpose. The quality of memories after the presentation of misinformation was explored. Three different types of stimuli were used: a peripheral object, a characteristic of a (different) peripheral object and a central detail. These were chosen in order to achieve different levels of the misinformation effect.Methods. One hundred and eight university students were shown a computer displayed picture sequence of a shoplifting incident. They were then misled about certain aspects. Memory was assessed by forced‐choice recognition, ‘remember’/‘know’ judgments and reaction times.Results. Participants often reported ‘remembering’ misinformation for the peripheral object and the characteristic. ‘Remember’ responses were also associated with the fastest reaction times.Conclusions. Misinformation can make people remember errant information. Implications for eyewitness testimony are discussed.
ON HOMOTOPIES WITH TRIPLE POINTS OF CLASSICAL KNOTS
Authors: FIEDLER THOMAS , MORTIER ARNAUD 
Published: June 2011

We consider a knot homotopy as a cylinder in 4-space. An ordinary triple point p of the cylinder is called coherent if all three branches intersect at p pairwise with the same intersection index. A triple unknotting of a classical knot K is a homotopy which connects K with the trivial knot and which has as singularities only coherent triple points. We give a new formula for the first Vassiliev invariant v2(K) by using triple unknottings. As a corollary we obtain a very simple proof of the fact that passing a coherent triple point always changes the knot type. As another corollary we show that there are triple unknottings which are not homotopic as triple unknottings even if we allow more complicated singularities to appear in the homotopy of the triple homotopy.
Taming the Untamable: Christian Attempts to Make Israel’s Election Universal
Authors: Lohr Joel N. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn this essay, the author suggests that contemporary ways of thinking about exclusion and particularism have profoundly affected contemporary interpretations of the Bible, both Old and New Testaments. This, the author suggests, becomes particularly evident when looking at the issue of Israel’s election. Through an examination of the theological interpretations of two evangelical Christian commentators on Deuteronomy, Christopher Wright and Gordon McConville, the author argues that each interpreter, to varying degrees, inappropriately reads a universal agenda into Deuteronomy in the service of Christian theology. The author maintains that a better approach is to accept the exclusive, particularistic nature of Deuteronomy (and of the Old Testament more generally) and to acknowledge that although a universal trajectory may be observed in the Bible overall, it should not be achieved through skewed readings of Deuteronomy, or at the cost of Israel’s irrevocable—and thus enduring—election.
A Document from “Year 4 of the Destruction of the House of Israel”
Authors: Eshel Esther , Eshel (") Hanan , Yardeni Ada 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe article presents a document, a receipt of a ketubba and a waiver of claims, that bears the date “Year 4 of the Destruction of the House of Israel.” The counting is from after the suppression of the Bar Kokhba revolt, and the document thus would date to 140 c.e. The discussion consists of text, translation, notes on readings, commentary, and palaeographical description.
The Date and Meaning of the Book of Joel
Authors: Assis Elie 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis paper argues that the Book of Joel is best understood against the background of the exilic period in Judah, after the Destruction but before the Return to Zion, that is, between 587 and 538 BCE. While concrete historical evidence is not decisive, an investigation of the ideology of the Book may determine the Book’s historical setting. The lack of any rebuke in Joel accords with the view that he lived in the exilic period, when it would not have been appropriate to rebuke and criticize the people, who were in a state of deep despair. The Book of Joel places great emphasis on the motif of the Divine presence residing in the midst of Israel. This central message of assurance of the Divine presence is particularly apt if we accept the view that Joel belongs to the period of the Destruction, when the people were in despair and saw in the events their abandonment by God. There are cultic concerns in the book. This is understood if it is accepted that Joel functioned in the exilic period, and aimed at persuading his audience that one can pray to the Lord even when the Temple is in ruins. The prophet’s main purpose was to bring the people to renew their connection with the Lord after the destruction of the Temple, and to focus the people’s attention on the Temple, which, although physically ruined, had not lost its religious significance. Other characteristics of the Book of Joel that point to the same historical setting are discussed in the paper.
David in the Prophecy of Amos
Authors: Goswell Greg 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis article challenges the common view that the prophecy of Amos contains the hope of a revival of the Davidic empire. In Amos, Zion/Jerusalem is not David’s capital, but YHWH’s, and from it he rules the whole world. The criterion of selection of the condemned nations in Amos 1-2 is not their membership of the former Davidic empire. They instead represent God’s rulership over all nations. The allusion to David in Amos 6:5 is as a liturgical figure and has no messianic colouring. The rebuilt “booth of David” (9:11) refers to Jerusalem as the site of the temple, and the final prophecy of hope democratizes Davidic promises.
Some Points of Contact between the Biblical Deborah War Traditions and Some Greek Mythologies*
Authors: Vainstub Daniel 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis paper examines three features common to the biblical narrative of Deborah and Cretan myths. In the biblical story two heroines, Deborah and Jael, bear names of fauna, bee and ibex (mountain goat), respectively. Deborah/bee’s prophetic gift enables her to determine the auspicious moment for a victorious battle. Jael/female ibex, gives milk in a special vessel to Sisera, who, fleeing for his life, ironically takes refuge in the tent of Jael, who kills him. In ancient Greece, “Melissa”, which means “bee”, is a common epithet for prophetesses, especially those who provide oracles to military commanders, as did the prophetess of Delphi. In Cretan versions, Melissa has a sister named Amaltheia, which means “mountain goat”. When a prominent fugitive, the deity Zeus, takes refuge in her cave, she likewise gives him milk in a special vessel. In both tales the word for the special vessel expresses plenty.
Stages in the Territorial Expansion of the Northern Kingdom
Authors: Finkelstein Israel 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe article presents textual and archaeological evidence for three phases in the territorial expansion of the Northern Kingdom. In the initial, pre-Omride phase Israel expanded only into the Jezreel Valley. Under the Omrides, the territory of the Northern Kingdom covered the northern valleys as far as Hazor and the mountainous Galilee. In the first half of the 8th century BCE, Israel expanded further north, to the area of Dan and possibly beyond.
Gender Justice and CEDAW: The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women
Authors: Merry Sally Engle 
Published: June 2011

AbstractEthnographic analysis carried out over the years, indicates that the critical feature of the CEDAW process is its cultural and educational role: Its capacity to coalesce and express a particular cultural understanding of gender. Like more conventional legal processes, its significance lies in its capacity to shape cultural understandings and to articulate and expand a vision of rights. This is a form of global legality that depends deeply on its texts, not for enforcement but for the production of cultural meanings associated with modernity and the international. It is ultimately dependent on generating political pressure on states from the CEDAW committee, from sympathetic leaders within a country, and from international and national nongovernmental organizations.
“Authentic Sharia” as Cause and Cure for Women’s Human Rights Violations in Northern Nigeria
Authors: Bunting Annie 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBy analysing the proposals contained in the report, “Promoting Women’s Rights Through Sharia in Northern Nigeria,” which was published by the Centre for Islamic Legal Studies at Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) in Zaria in 2005, this paper explores the complexities and consequences of a rights strategy grounded in “an authentic understanding of Sharia.” The paper argues that this strategy may further constrain the discourses of debate for Muslim women in northern Nigeria. It also discusses how the strategy privatizes responsibility for poverty eradication, and how it ignores competing languages of social change, including Nigerian and international women’s rights.
Counterpatriarchal Pleasures of Muslim Turkish Women: A Feminist Ethnography of Rural Women Watching Daytime Television
Authors: Onaran Aslihan Tokgöz 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis article examines the intersection of patriarchal hegemony, television viewing, domestic power relations and individual agency in the daily lives of rural Turkish women. More specifically, it analyzes the reception of daytime American soap operas by women in the Black Sea Region of Turkey. Employing an interdisciplinary methodology that combines ethnography, textual analysis and transnational feminist theory, this study investigates how women’s media experiences allow them to resist their traditional roles assigned by Islamic patriarchies.Among the major questions addressed are, “In what ways does soap viewership reflect the appropriation of anti-patriarchal modes of knowledge? How do soap operas allow women to question local gender norms? How, for example, does viewer identification with a female soap opera character committing adultery disrupt traditional gender norms, in which an act of adultery may lead to an honor killing?”Turkish women’s viewership habits as well as their pleasures from the anti-traditional plots contribute to the creation of a resistive female sphere. This study illustrates the multiple levels through which this female forum is socially constructed. I argue that women’s viewing pleasures and the actualization of a powerful female homosociality furnish the structural conditions under which alternative forms of meaning can gain a public momentum. Although respondents’ diverse uses of soap operas do not represent the formation of organized feminist protest, they, nevertheless, reflect these women’s dissatisfaction with the status quo. As such, soap viewership allows women to challenge traditional norms of gender and sexuality in the villages where this study was conducted.
Refiguring Translation in Religious Studies
Authors: Mas Ruth 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis paper examines how Derrida’s “generalized translation” is taken up as posing the fundamental theoretical question underpinning Mandair’s book. Tracing Mandair’s understanding of translation through Saiko’s concept of co-figuration, this article examines the Kantian origins of this understanding and then details how Derrida departs radically from these origins in his account of the untranslatability of religion. Derrida, by distinguishing generalization from difference and repetition, offers an account of difference that is not simply repeated in non-Christian traditions but which is already irreducibly present within each.