bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Labor History and Public History in Australia: Allies or Uneasy Bedfellows?
Authors: Taksa Lucy 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis paper reflects on the ways in which public labor history and more populist forms of public history have intersected and/or diverged in Australia since the 1970s. By comparing various labor heritage programs and public history interpretation strategies at four redeveloped industrial heritage sites, it examines how both approaches have conceived and represented workers' history and the relationship between past and present, industrialization and deindustrialization. Drawing on the concepts of “nostalgia” and “nostophobia,” the paper suggests that in Australia, labor history/heritage and public history are fundamentally at odds as a result of different political and economic imperatives and the recognition given to workers' collective traditions.
Subverting the Master's Narrative: Public Histories of Slavery in Plantation America
Authors: Giovannetti Jorge L. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis article examines public representations of slavery on plantation sites devoted to heritage tourism in the Americas. Plantations of various colonial backgrounds are compared in terms of the narratives they present, finding that the history of slavery is largely hidden in Barbados and Puerto Rico, while addressed more explicitly (although still problematically) in the Brazilian and Cuban cases. The article highlights the importance of tour guides and site administrators in the production of histories of slavery and advocates for a more proactive role of historians in the production of public histories of slavery and for more productive and instructive discussions on this thorny topic.
One Neighborhood, Two Communities: The Public Archaeology of Class in a Gentrifying Urban Neighborhood
Authors: Chidester Robert C. , Gadsby David A. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe Hampden Community Archaeology Project (HCAP) is a public archaeology project in a former textile mill neighborhood in Baltimore, Maryland. Since the early 1990s the area has been transformed by gentrification. There are now two distinct communities (an older, working-class community and a newer, upper-middle-class community) in the neighborhood. The goal of HCAP is to create a critical public dialogue on issues of class and economic inequality relevant to the current issues facing the neighborhood. After three years of public archaeology in Hampden-Woodberry, the project has achieved some notable successes but has also run up against several roadblocks.
The Place of Imagery in the Transmission of Culture: The Banners of the Durham Coalfield
Authors: Wray David 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe Durham Miners Gala is an annual event at which the associated branches of the Durham Miners Association carry their banners to a rally held in the city of Durham. The imagery displayed on those banners is representative of the class struggle to create a trade union that would represent and protect individuals and communities against the vagaries of the unbridled capitalism of the nineteenth century. In this way a tradition (and culture) was created not by social or political elites, but developed from ground level to counteract attempts to subsume them into a dominant ideology that saw them as little more than serfs.
Going Public: Archie Green's Lifelong Commitment to Laboring Culture
Authors: Burns Sean 
Published: October 2009

AbstractKnown as the “Dean of Laborlore,” Archie Green, who died this past March, spent much of the twentieth century developing innovative public sector projects at the intersection of labor history, occupational folklore, and cultural studies. In 1971, for example, he helped initiate the Working Americans Exhibition on the Washington Mall of the United States Capitol. Using this exhibit as a starting point, this article examines Green's orientation to publicly presenting labor culture and history. I draw from Robert McCarl's reflections on the challenges of the Working Americans Exhibit and suggest that several life experiences uniquely qualified Archie Green to meet these challenges. Excerpting from interviews with Green, I explore how his childhood in East Los Angeles combined with his years as a union shipwright in San Francisco to develop a strong analysis of, and civic commitment to, public workers' folklife. Central to this commitment is a generative, if uneasy, pairing of syndicalist ideals with pragmatic New Deal-inspired politics. I examine how immigrant Scottish shipwrights, educated in the militant syndicalist and Marxist tradition of John Maclean, particularly influenced Green. Raising questions of historiography, I conclude by suggesting we should view Green's integration of scholarly and public sector work as vitally contributing to the emergent cultural sensibility in New Labor History, folklore, American Studies, and public history in the late 1960s and 1970s.
The Labor Question in Colonial Cyprus, 1936–1941: Political Stakes in a Battle of Denominations
Authors: Rappas Alexis 
Published: October 2009

AbstractTaking as a starting point two strikes in colonial Cyprus in the 1930s—the miners' strike in 1936 in which both Greek-Cypriots and Turkish-Cypriots were involved and the all-female spinners' strike in 1938—this paper looks at how the labor movement deeply transformed the political landscape of the island. In a society closely monitored by British colonial authorities and well acquainted with the Greek-Cypriot claim for Enosis, or the political union of Cyprus with Greece, the labor question became a locus, or “interstice of power structure,” articulating competing and mutually exclusive visions of Cyprus as a polity. More generally the paper investigates the modalities of formation of a collective group allegiance in a context of constraint.
A Fragment of a Secular Poem of Judah Hallevi
Authors: Pagis Dan 
Published: October 2009

Among Yehudah Hallevi's poems which have come to light since H. Brody's edition of the Diwan (1894–1930), the great majority are liturgical and only very few are secular poems. Here a new fragment of an unknown secular poem by Hallevi is published according to two Genizah manuscripts, T-S NS 96.18 and MC IV 136. The T-S manuscript, our main source, is a single torn sheet, which contains the first three lines (written as six hemistichs) and traces of the fourth. It explicitly attributes the poem to Yehudah Hallevi. The verso contains the end of a known piyyut by Abraham Ibn Ezra and two anonymous poems (one of them homonymic) whose unusual meter and awkward phrasing seem to point to a later period.Hallevi's poem, “Shalom lekha shemesh be-'et hillo” (Peace upon you, radiant sun) is a panegyric addressed to a patron or friend. It starts in medias res with highflown eulogies, dispensing with the introduction often found in other poems of this genre. With regard to style and meter the fragment is adroitly written; however, its imagery and attitude are largely conventional. The patron or friend is extolled as a sun, a star, a mast and a cedar tree—all of which are conventional materials in panegyrics. Moreover the images are linked only by their common subject and not at all on the metaphorical level, and the formulation is impersonal. These traits were very common to contemporary panegyrics, one of the more conventional genres of the school, but Yehudah Hallevi usually took care to interweave the images in various subtle ways. Of course, he may also have done this here, in the lines that did not survive—probably the greater part of the poem. The text is printed with a commentary that includes parallels from Hallevi's and Moses Ibn Ezra's poetry illustrating the more conventional imagery
Samael, Lilith, and the Concept of Evil in Early Kabbalah
Authors: Dan Joseph 
Published: October 2009

The description of the divine world as a mythical struggle between good and evil is one of the basic symbols of the kabbalah, and a detailed mythology based on it is found in the Zohar late in the thirteenth century. The main source of the Zohar on this subject is a treatise by Rabbi Isaac ha-Kohen, called “On the Emanation on the Left,” written in Spain at the beginning of the second half of the thirteenth century, a generation before the Zohar. The problem studied here is: What were the sources of Rabbi Isaac's myth of evil?Rabbi Isaac described Samael and Lilith as a pair, being the central powers in the Emanation on the Left. It seems that the literary development which brought forth this formula began with the myth of Lilith as presented in the satirical Pseudo-Ben Sira (tenth century?) and later revisions of that work which were known in Europe in the eleventh century and included a description of a sexual relationship between Lilith and a “Great Demon,” who was later identified as Samael. Both Lilith and Samael in these stories are not principles of evil; this transformation probably occurred only in the work of Rabbi Isaac.When describing the levels of the spiritual world, Rabbi Isaac discussed a sphere he called “third air” which is the source of both prophetic visions and “use” of demons. This concept seems to be derived from the writings of Rabbi Judah the Pious and Rabbi Eleazar of Worms, the Ashkenazi Hasidim, early in the thirteenth century. In their works, however, there are no dualistic or mythical elements; these were probably added by Rabbi Isaac.Rabbi Isaac formulated the myth of the evil worlds which were destroyed before this world was created, a myth which became a central motif in the kabbalah. It seems that this too is derived from the works of the Ashkenazi Hasidim, though it was Rabbi Isaac who added the mythology and the dualism. It should be noted that among such additions and elaborations by Rabbi Isaac we also find a detailed messianic myth which was rare if not absent among previous kabbalists.
Protecting Hong Kong's marine biodiversity: present proposals, future challenges
Authors: Morton Brian 
Published: October 2009

SummaryPollution from many sources, over-fishing and the rapid development of Hong Kong have had powerful, adverse, impacts upon local marine life reducing it to but a shadow of what it once was. This paper describes Hong Kong's newly enacted Marine Parks Ordinance Chapter 37 1995, discusses the existing situation with regard to the designation of marine parks and reserves, and describes the special features of each one. It argues that a territory-wide strategy will have to be implemented if representative intertidal and coastal water communities are to survive. Coastal zone planning and management need to be among the Hong Kong Government's highest priorities because there are indications that the marine parks and reserves will not be successful. The threats to them are too great. Conservation legislation and coastal planning exercises should also be integrated with those of China as soon as possible, especially for areas of coastline surrounding Hong Kong. This is because development within southern China is proceeding at such a pace that Hong Kong's protected areas are now being threatened by external factors as well as internal ones.
Food for all in 2020: can the world be fed without damaging the environment?
Authors: Pinstrup-Andersen Per , Pandya-Lorch Rajul 
Published: October 2009

SummaryApproximately 780 million people world-wide are chronically undernourished, and past gains in food production have been associated with environmental problems, yet global demand for cereals is projected to increase by 56% and for meat by 74% between 1990 and 2020.The International Food Policy Research Institute has developed the view that every person in the world can have access to sufficient food to sustain a healthy and productive life, that malnutrition can be abolished, and that food can originate from efficient, effective, and low-cost food systems that are compatible with sustainable use of natural resources. Moreover, IFPRI has concluded that these conditions can be achieved by the year 2020, if the world commits itself to specified changes in behaviour, priorities, and policies. In order for these changes to occur, sustained action is needed in six areas: (1) strengthening the capacity of developing-country governments; (2) investing more in poor people; (3) accelerating agricultural productivity; (4) assuring sound management of natural resources; (5) developing competitive markets; and (6) expanding and realigning international development assistance. We have the knowledge and the capacity to meet the food needs of every person without damaging the environment. What is needed is political will and commitment on the part of all members of society to take the required action.
Preventing lead toxicosis of European waterfowl by regulatory and non-regulatory means
Authors: Thomas Vernon G. , Owen Myrfyn 
Published: October 2009

SummaryMany years of waterfowl hunting have added thousands of tonnes of lead shot to European wetlands. Effective and non-toxic substitutes for lead shot have been developed and are commercially available throughout Europe, but few nations (Denmark, Finland, Norway and the Netherlands) have statutory requirements for their use. Governments can induce hunters to use non-toxic shot by regulatory measures and/or non-regulatory steps, but economic incentives to increase the affordability of lead-free shot have never been used by any nation and might be politically inappropriate. Educational programmes to increase the hunting public's understanding of the poisoning problem, and to provide accurate information on the non-toxic shot, are the best long-term way for governments to focus their spending and induce change, whether on a voluntary or regulated basis. Each of the six nations which has moved to end lead poisoning of waterfowl has adopted a regulatory approach, but these nations have acted independently of each other, and yet the use of non-toxic shot should apply to all countries of a flyway.Several European treaty and policy precedents could form the basis of a pan-European regulation requiring the use of non-toxic shot. A proposal to eliminate the use of lead shot in wetlands has been made under the Bonn and Bern Conventions. An European Union-USA proposal to reduce the use of different categories of lead under an Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development Council Act has been made, but has deleted an earlier recommendation that lead shot be included. The substitution of lead shot by nontoxic alternatives is also consistent with the European Council Directive on the Conservation of Wild Birds of 1979. The passing of a European Council regulation, stipulating the minimal acceptable standards for shot used for waterfowl hunting, is seen as the most effective way to remediate this transboundary toxic problem. This type of action by the European Union, while recognizing the Principle of Subsidiarity, would still allow other member states to enact more rigorous legislation pertaining to the use of lead shot within their jurisdiction, as have Denmark and the Netherlands. Although responsibility to enact and enforce a European Council regulation is the prerogative of each member state, a single regulation would promote consistency of action amongst all states.
The ‘Near Threatened’ Bearded Screech-owlMegascops barbarus: diet pattern and trophic assessment using δ13C and δ15N stable-isotopes
Authors: ENRÍQUEZ PAULA L. , CHENG KIMBERLY M. , ELLIOTT JOHN E. 
Published: October 2009

SummaryThe diet patterns and trophic relationships are poorly understood for most tropical owl species. We used stable isotopes of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) in 24 feather samples of the rare, endemic, and ‘Near Threatened’ Bearded Screech-owlMegascops barbarusto determine the trophic level of their prey and evaluate whether diet patterns vary (1) among individuals, (2) spatially along the species's range in the highlands of Chiapas, Mexico, and (3) temporally during the short- and long-term. Our results indicated that there was diet variation among individuals during the period of feather growth and there was a high positive correlation between stable isotopes in body and rectrices. The stable isotopes showed significant temporal differences in δ15N signature values, but not in δ13C values, with no obviously interpretable temporal pattern. Spatially, values of δ13C and δ15N did not vary across all nine sampled locations. The observed lower δ13C values suggested that this owl lives in humid forests. More long-term studies and spatial dietary and prey analysis will be necessary to increase our understanding of how habitat conditions determine the distribution, abundance and quality of food for the Bearded Screech-owl.
Arboreal nesting and utilization of open-cup bird nests by introduced Ship Rats Rattus rattus on an oceanic island
Authors: MATSUI SHIN , HISAKA MARIKO , TAKAGI MASAOKI 
Published: October 2009

SummaryThe introduction of exotic rats Rattus spp. is one of the most important factors contributing to the reduction in avian diversity and extinctions on oceanic islands. However, little is known about factors other than predation, which are associated with the loss of island biodiversity. We report that introduced Ship Rats Rattus rattus constructed arboreal dome-shaped nests and secondarily used open-cup nests of the Bull-headed Shrike Lanius bucephalus for roosting or rearing young in trees within hedgerows along sugarcane fields of Minami-daito Island (northwest Pacific). We found that temporal nest utilization by Ship Rats forced Bull-headed Shrikes to abandon their nests before egg-laying. We suggest that kleptoparasitism applies to the interaction between Bull-headed Shrikes and Ship Rats, which usurp shrike nests during their breeding period. It is necessary to consider the potential effects of introduced Ship Rats on insular avian communities not only through predation but also through interspecific interaction over nest-sites.
Landscape associations of globally threatened grassland birds in the Aguapey river Important Bird Area, Corrientes, Argentina
Authors: DI GIACOMO ADRIAN S. , VICKERY PETER D. , CASAÑAS HERNAN , SPITZNAGEL OSCAR A. , OSTROSKY CHRISTIAN , KRAPOVICKAS SANTIAGO , BOSSO ANDRES J. 
Published: October 2009

SummaryThe Aguapey river basin in the Pampas grasslands of Argentina is the last refuge for a complete assemblage of globally threatened and Near Threatened birds. We evaluated the influence of landscape characteristics on the occurrence and abundance of six globally threatened and Near Threatened passerines. We used point counts to census birds and vegetation and quantified landscape characteristics 1,000 m from the count centres using remote sensing tools. Strange-tailed Tyrants Alectrurus risora were associated with higher percentages of tall-grass Andropogon lateralis in lowland areas. Saffron-cowled Blackbirds Xanthopsar flavus and Black-and-white Monjitas Heteroxolmis dominicana were associated with rolling landscape with wet lowland grasslands and marshes linked with dry upland grasslands. Marsh Seedeater Sporophila palustris and Chestnut Seedeater S. cinnamomea were associated with tall grasslands and marshes. Rufous-throated Seedeater S. ruficollis was not clearly associated with any type of habitat. The Aguapey grasslands are used mainly for livestock grazing and afforestation. Since 1995, approximately 50% of the original grassland habitat has been planted with exotic trees. If this trend continues, Saffron-cowled Blackbirds are likely to become extinct in the Aguapey river basin which currently supports the largest population of this species in Argentina. We recommend guidelines for establishing future reserves and wildlife management actions based on the landscape responses detected in this study. Future action should consider: maintaining connectivity between the Aguapey grasslands and the Ibera Nature Reserve, creating a protected area, designing a land use plan for the basin, avoiding afforestation in large blocks, removal of government incentives for large afforestation projects, and studying the viability of threatened bird populations in extensive cattle ranching areas.
Population size and habitat of the White-breasted GuineafowlAgelastes meleagridesin the Taï region, Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: WALTERT MATTHIAS , SEIFERT CHARLOTTE , RADL GERHARD , HOPPE-DOMINIK BERND 
Published: October 2009

SummaryThe White-breasted GuineafowlAgelastes meleagridesis one of 15 bird species endemic to the Upper Guinea Forests of West Africa. The Taï region in southwestern Côte d'Ivoire probably holds one of the largest remaining populations of this species. We assessed population density in two different sectors in the southern part of Taï National Park and one sector in the N'Zo Faunal Reserve, north of the National Park. The sectors differ in rainfall patterns and hence vegetation type, as well as in previous and past levels of logging and hunting. Line transect surveys were undertaken between 2000 and 2001 with an overall survey effort of 2,883 km. Abundance was highest in the sector with the driest forest type, the N'Zo Faunal Reserve (encounter rate: 0.02 detections km−1, density: 32.9 ind. km−2), where we also observed the largest group recorded for the species so far (38 individuals). The species was almost absent in the southeast of Taï National Park (encounter rate: <0.002 detections km−1), where the impact of poaching on wildlife is strongest. The study confirms that the species reaches highest densities in drier forests and only occurs in smaller numbers in the wetter south of the Taï region. Our data also suggest that past disturbance from logging does not constitute an obstacle for its persistence. The population size in Taï National Park and N'Zo Faunal Reserve should be between 42,000 and 120,000 individuals.
Range extensions and conservation of some threatened or little known Brazilian grassland birds
Authors: LOPES LEONARDO ESTEVES , MALACCO GUSTAVO BERNARDINO , ALTEFF EDUARDO FRANÇA , DE VASCONCELOS MARCELO FERREIRA , HOFFMANN DIEGO , SILVEIRA LUÍS FÁBIO 
Published: October 2009

SummaryPopulations of grassland birds are declining in Brazil due to profound alterations to grassland habitats. In this paper, we present recent records and range extensions for 12 threatened or little known Brazilian grassland species: Ocellated CrakeMicropygia schomburgkii, Sickle-winged NightjarEleothreptus anomalus, Campo MinerGeositta poeciloptera, Rufous-sided Pygmy-tyrantEuscarthmus rufomarginatus, Sharp-tailed Grass-tyrantCulicivora caudacuta, Cock-tailed TyrantAlectrurus tricolor, Cinereous Warbling-finchPoospiza cinerea, Black-masked FinchCoryphaspiza melanotis, Tawny-bellied SeedeaterSporophila hypoxantha, Marsh SeedeaterS.palustris, Chestnut SeedeaterS.cinnamomeaand Black-bellied SeedeaterS.melanogaster. We also comment on the biogeography and conservation of these species.