bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robust Deep UV Photodetectors Based on One‐Step‐Grown Polycrystalline Ga2O3 Film via Pulsed Laser Deposition toward Extreme‐Environment Application
Authors: Huang Hong , Yin Haoran , Han Keju , Wang Yilin , Wang Zhiwei , Feng Xiao , Zou Yanni , Zhou Xuanze , Xu Guangwei , Hou Xiaohu , Zhao Xiaolong , Long Shibing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGallium oxide (Ga2O3), with an ultrawide bandgap corresponding to the deep ultraviolet (DUV) range, has attracted significant attention in optical filter‐free photodetectors. In practical terms, DUV photodetectors employed in extreme conditions, for example, flame detection and space exploration, face the challenges of performance degradation caused by high/low‐temperature transformation. Here, DUV photodetectors are tailored with high durability and stability by one‐step‐grown β‐Ga2O3 films via pulsed laser deposition. A high‐oxygen‐pressure scheme effectively addresses the issue of film‐free deposition at specifically high temperatures, facilitating the formation of polycrystalline high‐resistivity β‐Ga2O3 films. As a result, the devices exhibit outstanding performance, including a low dark current (4.4 pA @30 V), high photoresponsivity (147.36 A W−1), and fast response time (3.1/22.6 ms). Additionally, the photoresponse performance shows minimal degradation at high temperatures up to 300 °C and even improves at low temperatures down to −100 °C, ranking it among the most robust DUV photodetectors. The mechanism of photoresponse, involving the exciton formation, bandgap evolution, carrier‐phonon scatter, etc., is also elucidated in a wide temperature range. This work provides an efficient solution for developing robust Ga2O3 DUV photodetectors with excellent performance for extreme‐condition applications.
Electrochemical Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensing using a van der Waals Heterostructure
Authors: Jungnickel Robert , Balasubramanian Kannan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCoupling surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensing with electrochemistry (EC) is a promising analytical strategy to obtain information about interfacial phenomena in heterogeneous reactions. Typical EC‐SPR sensors utilize a metal film both as the plasmonic material and as the working electrode. In this configuration, the eigenmodulation of the plasmonic properties of the metal film under applied potential results in a background signal, which hampers the unambiguous interpretation of the sensor response due to redox reactions. Here, a new strategy is presented to overcome this disadvantage by using a van der Waals heterostructure (vdW‐HS) as the working electrode. The vdW‐HS comprises of a graphene / hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) stack on a gold film of a standard SPR sensor. It is shown here that the background signal is completely suppressed enabling the unambiguous analysis of SPR sensor response due to electrochemical reactions. It is further observed that the potential dependent plasmonic signals are not just a reproduction of the electrochemical current and subtle differences can be traced back to the diffusive nature of the redox active species. Finally, it is demonstrated that EC‐SPR can be used as a complementary method to distinguish if the electrochemical response is mainly surface‐bound or due to diffusion.
Rapid Conductometric Sensing of Chronic Kidney Disease Biomarkers: Specific and Precise Detection of Creatinine and Cystatin C in Artificial Saliva
Authors: Yang Mingjie , Perera Ganganath , Dhanabalan Shanmuga Sundar , Mahasivam Sanje , Dong Dashen , Cheong Ying Zhi , Xu Chenglong , Elango Peter Francis Mathew , Borkhatariya Sagar , Sriram Sharath , Bhaskaran Madhu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractChronic kidney disease (CKD) has asymptomatic early stages, whereby early detection is crucial to prevent its complications and progression. Creatinine and cystatin C (cysC) assays are known for assessing kidney function but there are limited point‐of‐care diagnostics which are rapid, precise, and easy to use. Here, high resistivity silicon conductometric sensors for detection of creatinine and cysC with a 10 min sample incubation is introduced. The sensors provide resistance‐based signals that can be quantified and measured wirelessly. The sensors successfully detect creatinine and cysC in both phosphate buffer saline (PBS) and artificial saliva in the nanomolar range, being able to distinguish their critical concentrations at 8.8 and 20 nm, respectively, for diagnosis of early stage of CKD. The detection limit for both creatinine and cysC is determined as 0.01 nm which is more than 500× and 1000× times lower than critical concentrations for the two biomarkers, respectively. Finally, these sensors are incorporated into a battery‐free, miniaturized electronic device for wireless biomarker detection as a proof‐of‐concept demonstration of a point‐of‐care tool for assessing kidney functionality.
Visible‐Light Photoreforming of Biomass Derivatives through MBi2O4‐P25 Heterostructures: Study of the Influence of Metals (M = Cu, Ni, Zn, Co)
Authors: Umair Muhammad , Djaballah Ahmed Malek , Bellardita Marianna , Bagtache Radia , Palmisano Leonardo , Trari Mohamed 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this work, MBi2O4‐P25 (M = Cu, Ni, Co, Zn) composites are successfully synthesized by a simple ball milling method by varying some parameters (rotation speed, rotation time, metal/TiO2 ratio) to optimize the preparation conditions. The noble metal‐free TiO2‐based photocatalysts are used to carry out the partial oxidation of glucose and glycerol with the simultaneous H2 production under simulated solar light irradiation. Starting from glucose, 2.6 mmol of H2 are obtained with a conversion of 34%, along with arabinose, formic acid and gluconic acid as main intermediates. By using glycerol, 3.2 mmol of H2 are produced, with 17% conversion and the production of dihydroxyacetone and glycolic acid. The composites exhibit higher activity than pure P25 and CuBi2O4 (CBO). The produced H2 amount is comparable to that reported in the literature by using Pt–TiO2 photocatalysts. This study offers a paradigm for the future design of bifunctional photocatalysts for simultaneous noble metal‐free H2 production and biomass valorization under environmentally friendly conditions with a possible scale up of the process.
Ex Vivo Modeling of the Tumor Microenvironment to Develop Therapeutic Strategies for Gliomas
Authors: Graber Philipp , Dolman M. Emmy M. , Jung MoonSun , Kavallaris Maria 
Published: June 2024

AbstractImproving the prognosis for patients diagnosed with aggressive tumors remains a critical challenge in clinical oncology. One crucial aspect of addressing this challenge involves the development of preclinical models that can accurately predict the effectiveness of potential therapies for clinical application. A pivotal element in enhancing these models lies in their ability to accurately recapitulate the tumor microenvironment. In this review, the authors focus on investigating the tumor microenvironment in the context of ex vivo glioma modelling, with a specific emphasis on the extracellular matrix. The review discusses the changes that occur within the extracellular matrix of pediatric and adult gliomas. Furthermore, it explores the potential of advanced cellular models, particularly those employing bioprinting technologies, to replicate the extracellular matrix ex vivo.
Creation of Three‐Scroll Hidden Conservative Lorenz‐Like Chaotic Flows
Authors: Ke Guiyao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn contrast to the various well‐known two‐scroll hidden Lorenz‐like attractors, little seems to be known about three‐scroll hidden conservative chaotic flows in the 3D Lorenz‐like system family whose Kaplan–Yorke dimension is approximately equal to . This technical note first proposes a three‐scroll chaotic system, i.e., , , , which generates three‐scroll hidden chaotic flows without equilibrium points when . Moreover, its Kaplan–Yorke dimension is . Then, for and , this system has another type of singularly degenerate heteroclinic cycle consisting of two different equilibria in the lines of semi‐hyperbolic equilibria and , i.e., and , with . With a small perturbation of , the kind of three‐scroll hidden conservative chaotic flows described above are created. Finally, five cycles are obtained when the proposed system undergoes Hopf bifurcation.
Systematically Evaluating Cell‐Free DNA Fragmentation Patterns for Cancer Diagnosis and Enhanced Cancer Detection via Integrating Multiple Fragmentation Patterns
Authors: Hou Yuying , Meng Xiang‐Yu , Zhou Xionghui 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCell‐free DNA (cfDNA) fragmentation patterns have immense potential for early cancer detection. However, the definition of fragmentation varies, ranging from the entire genome to specific genomic regions. These patterns have not been systematically compared, impeding broader research and practical implementation. Here, 1382 plasma cfDNA sequencing samples from 8 cancer types are collected. Considering that cfDNA within open chromatin regions is more susceptible to fragmentation, 10 fragmentation patterns within open chromatin regions as features and employed machine learning techniques to evaluate their performance are examined. All fragmentation patterns demonstrated discernible classification capabilities, with the end motif showing the highest diagnostic value for cross‐validation. Combining cross and independent validation results revealed that fragmentation patterns that incorporated both fragment length and coverage information exhibited robust predictive capacities. Despite their diagnostic potential, the predictive power of these fragmentation patterns is unstable. To address this limitation, an ensemble classifier via integrating all fragmentation patterns is developed, which demonstrated notable improvements in cancer detection and tissue‐of‐origin determination. Further functional bioinformatics investigations on significant feature intervals in the model revealed its impressive ability to identify critical regulatory regions involved in cancer pathogenesis.
Islet‐Resident Memory T Cells Orchestrate the Immunopathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes through the FABP4‐CXCL10 Axis
Authors: Wu Xiaoping , Cheong Lai Yee , Yuan Lufengzi , Jin Leigang , Zhang Zixuan , Xiao Yang , Zhou Zhiguang , Xu Aimin , Hoo Ruby LC , Shu Lingling 
Published: June 2024

AbstractType 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic disease characterized by self‐destruction of insulin‐producing pancreatic β cells by cytotoxic T cell activity. However, the pathogenic mechanism of T cell infiltration remains obscure. Recently, tissue‐resident memory T (TRM) cells have been shown to contribute to cytotoxic T cell recruitment. TRM cells are found present in human pancreas and are suggested to modulate immune homeostasis. Here, the role of TRM cells in the development of T1D is investigated. The presence of TRM cells in pancreatic islets is observed in non‐obese diabetic (NOD) mice before T1D onset. Mechanistically, elevated fatty acid‐binding protein 4 (FABP4) potentiates the survival and alarming function of TRM cells by promoting fatty acid utilization and C‐X‐C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10) secretion, respectively. In NOD mice, genetic deletion of FABP4 or depletion of TRM cells using CD69 neutralizing antibodies resulted in a similar reduction of pancreatic cytotoxic T cell recruitment, a delay in diabetic incidence, and a suppression of CXCL10 production. Thus, targeting FABP4 may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for T1D.
Core‐Shell Si@SiOC Particles Synthesized Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Fluid for Superior Li‐Ion Storage Performance
Authors: Hernandha Rahmandhika Firdauzha Hary , Umesh Bharath , Patra Jagabandhu , Chen Chun‐Yen , Li Ju , Chang Jeng‐Kuei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) fluid, characterized by gas‐like diffusivity, near‐zero surface tension, and excellent mass transfer properties, is used as a precursor to produce silicon oxycarbide (SiOC) coating. SCCO2 disperses and reacts with Si particles to form an interfacial layer consisting of Si, O, and C. After an 850 °C annealing process, a conformal SiOC coating layer forms, resulting in core‐shell Si@SiOC particles. High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy and its X‐ray line‐scan spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy, are used to examine the SiOC formation mechanism. Effects of SCCO2 interaction time on the SiOC properties are investigated. The SiOC layer connects the Si@SiOC particles, improving electron and Li+ transport. Cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic intermittent titration technique, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy are employed to examine the role of SiOC during charging/discharging. Operando X‐ray diffraction data reveal that the SiOC coating reduces crystal size of the formed Li15Si4 and increases its formation/elimination reversibility during cycling. The Si@SiOC electrode shows a capacitiy of 2250 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1. After 500 cycles, the capacity retention is 72% with Coulombic efficiency above 99.8%. A full cell consisting of Si@SiOC anode and LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode is constructed, and its performance is evaluated.
High‐Entropy Catalysis Accelerating Stepwise Sulfur Redox Reactions for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Xu Yunhan , Yuan Wenchuang , Geng Chuannan , Hu Zhonghao , Li Qiang , Zhao Yufei , Zhang Xu , Zhou Zhen , Yang Chunpeng , Yang Quan‐Hong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCatalysis is crucial to improve redox kinetics in lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. However, conventional catalysts that consist of a single metal element are incapable of accelerating stepwise sulfur redox reactions which involve 16‐electron transfer and multiple Li2Sn (n = 2–8) intermediate species. To enable fast kinetics of Li–S batteries, it is proposed to use high‐entropy alloy (HEA) nanocatalysts, which are demonstrated effective to adsorb lithium polysulfides and accelerate their redox kinetics. The incorporation of multiple elements (Co, Ni, Fe, Pd, and V) within HEAs greatly enhances the catalytically active sites, which not only improves the rate capability, but also elevates the cycling stability of the assembled batteries. Consequently, HEA‐catalyzed Li–S batteries achieve a high capacity up to 1364 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and experience only a slight capacity fading rate of 0.054% per cycle over 1000 cycles at 2 C, while the assembled pouch cell achieves a high specific capacity of 1192 mAh g−1. The superior performance of Li–S batteries demonstrates the effectiveness of the HEA catalysts with maximized synergistic effect for accelerating S conversion reactions, which opens a way to catalytically improving stepwise electrochemical conversion reactions.
Solvation Barrier Remodeling‐Dictated Fast‐Kinetics Top–Down Zn Stripping/Plating in Water‐Lean Organic Electrolytes
Authors: Feng Zhenfeng , Tang Yongchao , Wei Yue , Liu Guigui , Li Hongqing , Yan Jianping , Qi Jintu , Liu Xiaoqing , Wen Zhipeng , Ye Minghui , Zhang Yufei , Li Cheng Chao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDifferent from “bottom–up” Zn plating/stripping, “top–down” Zn stripping/plating provides a new perspective to reinvent current aqueous Zn batteries (AZBs), yet related studies remain absent. Herein, a chelation‐induced solvation barrier remodeling strategy is initiated toward fast‐kinetics “top–down” Zn stripping/plating in original Zn2+‐free water‐lean organic electrolytes (WLOE) for durable Zn batteries. It is found that in WLOE, the initial Zn stripping kinetics of the Zn anode remarkably limits the “top–down” Zn stripping/plating. The intervention of multidentate chelant (2‐methoxyethylamine, MEA) in WLOE greatly lowers the solvation reorganization energy of in situ stripped Zn2+ from the Zn anode, enabling the fast‐kinetics “top–down” Zn stripping/plating. Spectral characterization and fitted overpotential‐reorganization energy correlation strongly confirm the underlying mechanism. As such, the Zn stripping/plating in the MEA‐mediated WLOE shows a 90‐fold‐enhanced current response, triple‐lowered overpotential, and 170‐fold‐prolonged cyclability (over 1700 h at 0.5 mA cm−2) of those in MEA‐free counterpart. The assembled Zn||LiFePO4 hybrid full cell in MEA‐regulated WLOE exhibits a distinct and high voltage plateau of 1.50 V and a low polarization voltage of 0.14 V, far surpassing those in conventional WLOE. This work opens a new avenue to break the kinetics bottleneck of Zn stripping/plating in WLOE for durable Zn batteries.
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy and the immune system
Authors: Munsterman Danielle , Falcione Sarina , Long Rebecca , Boghozian Roobina , Joy Twinkle , Camicioli Richard , Smith Eric E. , Jickling Glen C. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid protein in the walls of cerebral blood vessels. This deposition of amyloid causes damage to the cerebral vasculature, resulting in blood‐brain barrier disruption, cerebral hemorrhage, cognitive decline, and dementia. The role of the immune system in CAA is complex and not fully understood. While the immune system has a clear role in the rare inflammatory variants of CAA (CAA related inflammation and Abeta related angiitis), the more common variants of CAA also have immune system involvement. In a protective role, immune cells may facilitate the clearance of beta‐amyloid from the cerebral vasculature. The immune system can also contribute to CAA pathology, promoting vascular injury, blood‐brain barrier breakdown, inflammation, and progression of CAA. In this review, we summarize the role of the immune system in CAA, including the potential of immune based treatment strategies to slow vascular disease in CAA and associated cognitive impairment, white matter disease progression, and reduce the risk of cerebral hemorrhage.Highlights
The immune system has a role in cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) which is summarized in this review.
There is an inflammatory response to beta‐amyloid that may contribute to brain injury and cognitive impairment.
Immune cells may facilitate the clearance of beta‐amyloid from the cerebral vasculature.
Improved understanding of the immune system in CAA may afford novel treatment to improve outcomes in patients with CAA.
Relationships between PET and blood plasma biomarkers in corticobasal syndrome
Authors: Singh Neha Atulkumar , Alnobani Alla , Graff‐Radford Jonathan , Machulda Mary M. , Mielke Michelle M. , Schwarz Christopher G. , Senjem Matthew L. , Jack Clifford R. , Lowe Val J. , Kanekiyo Takahisa , Josephs Keith A. , Whitwell Jennifer L. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONCorticobasal syndrome (CBS) can result from underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathologies. Little is known about the utility of blood plasma metrics to predict positron emission tomography (PET) biomarker‐confirmed AD in CBS.METHODSA cohort of eighteen CBS patients (8 amyloid beta [Aβ]+; 10 Aβ−) and 8 cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals underwent PET imaging and plasma analysis. Plasma concentrations were compared using a Kruskal–Wallis test. Spearman correlations assessed relationships between plasma concentrations and PET uptake.RESULTSCBS Aβ+ group showed a reduced Aβ42/40 ratio, with elevated phosphorylated tau (p‐tau)181, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neurofilament light (NfL) concentrations, while CBS Aβ− group only showed elevated NfL concentration compared to CU. Both p‐tau181 and GFAP were able to differentiate CBS Aβ− from CBS Aβ+ and showed positive associations with Aβ and tau PET uptake.DISCUSSIONThis study supports use of plasma p‐tau181 and GFAP to detect AD in CBS. NfL shows potential as a non‐specific disease biomarker of CBS regardless of underlying pathology.Highlights
Plasma phosphorylated tau (p‐tau)181 and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) concentrations differentiate corticobasal syndrome (CBS) amyloid beta (Aβ)− from CBS Aβ+.
Plasma neurofilament light concentrations are elevated in CBS Aβ− and Aβ+ compared to controls.
Plasma p‐tau181 and GFAP concentrations were associated with Aβ and tau positron emission tomography (PET) uptake.
Aβ42/40 ratio showed a negative correlation with Aβ PET uptake.
Electrosynthesis of an Improbable Directly Bonded Phosphorene‐Fullerene Heterodimensional Hybrid toward Boosted Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Zhang He , Li Yanbo , Liu Shengkun , Xu Zhiwei , Liu Zehua , Gao Chao , Zhang Guozhen , Fu Qiang , Du Pingwu , Jiang Jun , Zhu Junfa , Xiong Yujie , Wang Guan‐Wu , Yang Shangfeng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPhosphorene and fullerene are representative two‐dimensional (2D) and zero‐dimensional (0D) nanomaterials respectively, constructing their heterodimensional hybrid not only complements their physiochemical properties but also extends their applications via synergistic interactions. This is however challenging because of their diversities in dimension and chemical reactivity, and theoretical studies predicted that it is improbable to directly bond C60 onto the surface of phosphorene due to their strong repulsion. Here, we develop a facile electrosynthesis method to synthesize the first phosphorene‐fullerene hybrid featuring fullerene surface bonding via P−C bonds. Few‐layer black phosphorus nanosheets (BPNSs) obtained from electrochemical exfoliation react with C602− dianion prepared by electroreduction of C60, fulfilling formation of the “improbable” phosphorene‐fullerene hybrid (BPNS‐s‐C60). Theoretical results reveal that the energy barrier for formation of [BPNS‐s‐C60]2− intermediate is significantly decreased by 1.88 eV, followed by an oxidization reaction to generate neutral BPNS‐s‐C60 hybrid. Surface bonding of C60 molecules not only improves significantly the ambient stability of BPNSs, but also boosts dramatically the visible light and near‐infrared (NIR) photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rates, reaching 1466 and 1039 μmol h−1 g−1 respectively, which are both the highest values among all reported BP‐based metal‐free photocatalysts.
Gas‐Phase Anion Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Alkanethiolate‐Protected PtAu12 Superatoms: Charging Energy in Vacuum vs Solution
Authors: Tasaka Yuriko , Suyama Megumi , Ito Shun , Koyasu Kiichirou , Kappes Manfred , Maran Flavio , Tsukuda Tatsuya 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe charging behavior of molecular Au clusters protected by alkanethiolate (SCnH2n+1=SCn) is, under electrochemical conditions, significantly affected by the penetration of solvents and electrolytes into the SCn layer. In this study, we estimated the charging energy EC(n) associated with [PtAu24(SCn)18]−+e−→[PtAu24(SCn)18]2− (n=4, 8, 12, and 16) in vacuum using mass‐selected gas‐phase anion photoelectron spectroscopy of [PtAu24(SCn)18]z (z=−1 and −2). The EC(n) values of PtAu24(SCn)18 in vacuum are significantly larger than those in solution and decrease with n in contrast to the behavior reported for Au25(SCn)18 in solution. The effective relative permittivity (ϵm*) of the SCn layer in vacuum is estimated to be 2.3–2.0 based on the double‐concentric‐capacitor model. Much smaller ϵm* values in vacuum than those in solution are explained by the absence of solvent/electrolyte penetration into the monolayer. The gradual decrease of ϵm* with n is ascribed to the appearance of an exposed surface region due to the bundle formation of long alkyl chains.