bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hürden des Studentenlebens
Authors: Sachs Julia 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWie beurteilen Sie Ihre zeitliche Belastung durch das Studium? Wie viel Geld steht Ihnen durchschnittlich im Monat zur Verfügung? Welches ist der höchste Schulabschluss Ihres Vaters/Ihrer Mutter? Antworten gab jeder 27. Student im Mai letzten Jahres. Die Auswertung gibt es jetzt.
Wie die Schweiz jetzt Lebensmittelchemiker ausbildet
Authors: Kaufmann Markus 
Published: November 2010

AbstractFührungskräfte in der Lebensmittelsicherheit müssen analytisch‐methodisch fit sein und sich im internationalen Warenverkehr, bei der Ernährungspolitik und der Toxikologie gut auskennen. Zudem sollten sie Kompetenzen in Betriebsführung und Öffentlichkeitsarbeit mitbringen. In der Schweiz trägt ein neues Ausbildungskonzept für Lebensmittelchemiker diesen Ansprüchen Rechnung.
DNA‐Forensik schützt Biotech‐Patente
Authors: Wiehler Jens , Schubbert Rainer 
Published: November 2010

AbstractPharma, Chemie sowie Pflanzen‐ und Tierzucht nutzen Biotechnik. Um die Früchte aufwendiger Forschungsarbeit dafür selbst zu ernten, ist der konsequente Schutz der Eigentumsrechte notwendig.
Membranen für alle
Authors: Sommer Björn 
Published: November 2010

AbstractEin von Studenten entwickeltes, frei verfügbares Programm modelliert Lipidschichten. Jedes einzelne Lipid ist dabei verschiebbar. Schnell und komfortabel lassen sich mit oberflächenbasierten Algorithmen Membranzusammensetzungen erzeugen.
Electrosynthesis and capacitive performance of polyaniline–polypyrrole composite
Authors: Zhang Ai‐Qin , Zhang Yong , Wang Li‐Zhen , Li Xiao‐Feng 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe composite of polyaniline and polypyrrole (PPY‐PANI) was prepared by two‐step electrochemical polymerization method. Techniques of scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermal gravity analysis (TG/DTG) measurements were used to characterize the morphology and structure of the composite. The electrochemical properties of the composite were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge‐discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results indicated that the polyaniline–polypyrrole composite showed better electrochemical capacitive performance than polypyrrole (PPY) and polyaniline (PANI). The specific capacitance of the composite electrode was 523 F/g at a current of 6 mA/cm2 in 0.5 M H2SO4 electrolyte. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Effects of novolac resin modification on mechanical properties of carbon fiber/epoxy composites
Authors: He Hongwei , Li Kaixi , Wang Jianlong , Wang Jian , Gu Jianyu , Li Renjie 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe epoxy resin matrix of carbon fiber (CF)‐reinforced epoxy composites was modified with novolac resin (NR) to improve the matrix‐dominated mechanical properties of composites. Flexural strength, interlaminar shear strength (ILSS), and impact strength were measured with unfilled, 7 wt% NR, 13 wt% NR, and 18 wt% NR filled to epoxy to identify the effect of adding NR on the mechanical properties of composites. The results showed that both interfacial and impact properties of composites were improved except for flexural property. The largest improvement in ILSS and impact strength were obtained with 13 wt% loading of NR. ILSS and impact strength were improved by 7.3% and 38.6%, respectively, compared with the composite without NR. The fracture and surface morphologies of the composite specimens were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Intimate bonding of the fibers and the matrix was evident with the content of 7–13 wt% NR range. Decrease of crosslinking density and formation of NR transition layer were deduced with adding NR. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Poly(ethylene‐vinyl co‐vinyl acetate)/clay nanocomposites: Mechanical, morphology, and thermal behavior
Authors: Joseph Susan , Focke Walter W. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractNanocomposites of ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer (EVAL) with Dellite organoclay were prepared in a laboratory extruder. The extent of intercalation of the nanocomposites was studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction. It was established that the organoclay is well dispersed and preferentially embedded in the EVAL phase. Further, the intercalation degree of the organoclay decreased with increasing organoclay content. The mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were studied as a function of clay loading and EVAL type. The nanocomposites exhibited enhanced thermal stability as seen in thermogravimetric studies. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Quantitative protein expression and cell surface characteristics of Escherichia coli MG1655 biofilms
Authors: Mukherjee Joy , Ow Saw Yen , Noirel Josselin , Biggs Catherine A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractCell surface physicochemical characterization techniques were combined with quantitative changes in protein expression, to investigate the biological and biophysical changes of Escherichia coli MG1655 cells when grown as a biofilm (BIO). The overall surface charge of BIO cells was found to be less negative, highlighting the need for a lower electrophoretic mobility for attachment to occur. Comparison of the chemical functional groups on the cell surface showed similar profiles, with the absorbance intensity higher for proteins and carbohydrates in the BIO cells. Quantitative proteomic analysis demonstrated that 3 proteins were significantly increased, and 9 proteins significantly decreased in abundance, in cells grown as a BIO compared to their planktonic counterparts, with 7 of these total 12 proteins unique to this study. Proteins showing significant increased or decreased abundance include proteins involved in acid resistance, DNA protection and binding and ABC transporters. Further predictive analysis of the metabolic pathways showed an increased abundance of the amino acid metabolism and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, with a decrease in expression within the pentose phosphate and glycolysis pathways. It is therefore hypothesized that cells grown as a BIO are still energetically viable potentially using amino acids as an indirect carbon backbone source into the TCA cycle.
Bacillus subtilis YqjG is required for genetic competence development
Authors: Saller Manfred J. , Otto Andreas , Berrelkamp‐Lahpor Greetje A. , Becher Dörte , Hecker Michael , Driessen Arnold J. M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractMembers of the evolutionary conserved Oxa1/Alb3/YidC family have been shown to play an important role in membrane protein insertion, folding and/or assembly. Bacillus subtilis contains two YidC‐like proteins, denoted as SpoIIIJ and YqjG. SpoIIIJ and YqjG are largely exchangeable, but SpoIIIJ is essential for spore formation and YqjG cannot complement this activity. To elucidate the role of YqjG, we determined the membrane proteome and functional aspects of B. subtilis cells devoid of SpoIIIJ, YqjG or both. The data show that SpoIIIJ and YqjG have complementary functions in membrane protein insertion and assembly. The reduced levels of F1FO ATP synthase in cells devoid of both SpoIIIJ and YqjG are due to a defective assembly of the F1‐domain onto the F0‐domain. Importantly, for the first time, a specific function is demonstrated for YqjG in genetic competence development.
Proteomic investigation of a neural substrate intimately related to brain death
Authors: Chou Jimmy Li‐Jer , Wu Carol Hsin‐Yi , Tsai Ching‐yi , Chang Alice Y. W. , Chan Samuel H. H. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractOur current understanding on brain death remains limited despite its clinical importance. This study evaluated whether the proteome expressed in the rat rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), a neural substrate that our laboratory identified previously to be intimately related to brain death, is uniquely different from other brain areas, using the cerebral cortex, which is defunct under persistent vegetative state for comparison. We found that a group of antioxidant proteins, including members of the peroxiredoxin (Prx) family (Prx‐1, Prx‐2, Prx‐5, Prx‐6), thioredoxin and mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase, exhibited significantly higher protein and mRNA expression levels in RVLM when compared to cerebral cortex. Tissue oxygen, ATP contents and ATP synthase subunits α and β in RVLM were also significantly elevated. On the other hand, protein and mRNA levels of members of the ubiquitin–proteasome system, including proteasome subunit α type‐1, ubiquitin, uniquitin‐conjugating enzyme E2 N, ubiquitin carboxyl‐terminal hydrolase isozyme L1 and L3, were comparable in both brain regions. We conclude that a significantly elevated level of antioxidant proteins and mRNA in RVLM is consistent with the exhibition of higher tissue oxygen tension and metabolic energy production in this neural substrate, which together constitute a safeguard mechanism against brain death.
PRIDEViewer: A novel user‐friendly interface to visualize PRIDE XML files
Authors: Medina‐Aunon J. Alberto , Carazo José M. , Albar Juan Pablo 
Published: November 2010

AbstractCurrent standardization initiatives have greatly contributed to share the information derived by proteomics experiments. One of these initiatives is the XML‐based repository PRIDE (PRoteomics IDEntification database), although an XML‐based document does not appear to present a user‐friendly view at the first glance. PRIDEViewer is a novel Java‐based application that presents the information available in a PRIDE XML file in a user‐friendly manner, facilitating the interaction among end users as well as the understanding and evaluation of the compiled information. PRIDEViewer is freely available at: http://proteo.cnb.csic.es/prideviewer/.
Inelastic scattering of cosmic ray muons on iron nuclei and the virtual photon shadowing
Authors: Okada A. , Mitsui K. , Kitamura T. , Ohashi Y. , Muraki Y. , Suda T. , Nakamura I. , Kawashima Y. , Matsuno S. , Kajino F. , Aoki T. , Higashi S. , Ozaki S. , Takahashi T. , Honda K. , Kobayakawa K. , Inazawa H. , Minorikawa Y. , Shibata M. , Shibata H. , Kamiya Y. , Teramoto Y. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractHadronic cascade showers originating from inelastic interactions of cosmic ray muons with iron nuclei have been observed in a calorimeter located between two magnetic spectrometers. The separation of those events from the electromagnetic showers has been successfully done in the ranges of the transferred energy v ≳ 50 GeV and its ratio to muon energy v/E ≳ 0,1, by utilizing the difference of their longitudinal cascade developments.The comparison of the obtained μ‐Fe cross section with available μ‐, e‐ and σ‐proton data as well as μ‐, e‐ and σ‐nucleus data indicates that;
At v ˜ 100 GeV, the virtual photon cross section on iron nucleus is almost the same as the real photon one, at least Q2 ≳ 0.1 GeV2/c2, and is about 70% of the cross section on proton times the atomic mass number of iron, i.e. the shadowing effect is clearly seen.
Up to TeV region, this virtual photon cross section on iron does not increase significantly. contrary to the tendency of the real photon cross section on proton around 100 GeV. This suggests most likely that the shadowing still increases with energy at such high energies.
The Kaluza‐Klein idea. Status and prospects
Authors: Mecklenburg W. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe present status of the Kaluza‐Klein idea is reviewed, including a discussion of the fermionic sector. Formalism and geometrical methods necessary for the formulation of high‐dimensional field theories are described in some detail. The mechanism of spontaneous compactification is explained and a description of presently available models is given. A chapter on coset space reduction of high‐dimensional Yang‐Mills theories is included. The review concludes with an outlook on supersymmetric models.
Physical charged sectors in quantum electrodynamics. II. The charge operator
Authors: d'Emilio Emilio , Mintchev Mihail 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe properties of Maxwell type equations and the related problem of approximation of physical charged states are studied in the framework of axiomatic gauge quantum field theory. The charge operator and the physical charged sectors of quantum electrodynamics are constructed under a set of hypotheses which can be verified in perturbation theory and are supported by some nonperturbative arguments.
Calculations in external fields in quantum chromodynamics. Technical review
Authors: Novikov V. A. , Shifman M. A. , Vainshtein A. I. , Zakharov V. I. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe review the technique of calculation of operator expansion coefficients. The main emphasis is put on gluon operators which appear in expansion of n‐point functions induced by colourless quark currents. Two convenient schemes are discussed in detail: the abstract operator method and the method based on the Fock‐Schwinger gauge for the vacuum gluon field. We consider a large number of instructive examples important from the point of view of physical applications.
The one‐loop effective action of the supersymmetric CP(N‐1) model
Authors: Gaigg P. , Schweda M. , Piguet O. , Sibold K. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractUsing superfields we evaluate the superspace one‐loop effective action for the supersymmetric CP(N ‐ 1) model and investigate whether there is supersymmetry breaking and confinement.
On pseudoparticle solutions in the poincaré gauge theory of gravity
Authors: Mielke Eckehard W. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe dynamical structure of the Poincaré gauge field theory coupled to matter fields and some of its implications for a quantum theory of gravity are investigated.Essentially, the method of BELAVIN et al. for generating instanton solutions in Yang‐Mills theory is transferred to the gravitational gauge model. The result are as follows: For configurations obeying a modified double duality Ansatz for the curvature the metrical background is determined by Einstein‐type field equations coupled almost canonically to the stress‐energy content of external fields.Exact electrovac solutions with non‐trivial torsion are derived from the duality Ansatz. In a Euclidean space‐time the corresponding pseudoparticle solutions are expected to play a dominant rǒle in the quantization of gravity via Freynman's method of path integrals.
Crystal structure of the carbon monoxide complex of human cytoglobin
Authors: Makino Masatomo , Sawai Hitomi , Shiro Yoshitsugu , Sugimoto Hiroshi 
Published: November 2010

AbstractCytoglobin (Cgb) is a vertebrate heme‐containing globin‐protein expressed in a broad range of mammalian tissues. Unlike myoglobin, Cgb displays a hexa‐coordinated (bis‐hystidyl) heme iron atom, having the heme distal His81(E7) residue as the endogenous sixth ligand. In the present study, we crystallized human Cgb in the presence of a reductant Na2S2O4 under a carbon monoxide (CO) atmosphere, and determined the crystal structure at 2.6 Å resolution. The CO ligand occupies the sixth axial position of the heme ferrous iron. Eventually, the imidazole group of His81(E7) is expelled from the sixth position and swings out of the distal heme pocket. The flipping motion of the His81 imidazole group accompanies structural readjustments of some residues (Gln62, Phe63, Gln72, and Ser75) in both the CD‐corner and D‐helix regions of Cgb. On the other hand, no significant structural changes were observed in other Cgb regions, for example, on the proximal side. These structural alterations that occurred as a result of exogenous ligand (CO) binding are clearly different from those observed in other vertebrate hexa‐coordinated globins (mouse neuroglobin, Drosophila melanogaster hemoglobin) and penta‐coordinated sperm whale myoglobin. The present study provides the structural basis for further discussion of the unique ligand‐binding properties of Cgb. Proteins 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structural and functional analysis of the Lmo2642 cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase fromListeria monocytogenes
Authors: Kim Yeon‐Gil , Jeong Jae‐Hee , Ha Nam‐Chul , Kim Kyung‐Jin 
Published: November 2010

AbstractListeria monocytogenesis a facultative intracellular pathogen invading humans and animals with the highest fatality rate among the food‐borne pathogens. TheListeriapathogenic processes, such as cell entry and escape from phagosomes, depend on the actions of diverse bacterial factors, including lipoproteins. Here, we report the crystal structure of Lmo2642, a conserved putative lipoprotein containing a Ser/Thr phosphatase domain. The protein consists of two distinct domains: a catalytic domain that belongs to the metallophosphoesterase superfamily and an auxiliary α‐helical bundle domain. The active site in the catalytic domain of Lmo2642 contains a dinuclear metal center in which Mn2+and Fe3+are preferentially positioned at the site1 and site2, respectively. On the basis of the structural analysis and enzymatic assays, we identified the biochemical activity of the protein as a cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase toward 2′,3′‐ and 3′,5′‐cyclic nucleotides. Considering the cNMP phosphodiesterase activity and the putative surface localization of Lmo2642, we speculate that Lmo2642 has some potential roles in the host‐pathogen interactions by changing the cAMP concentration of host cells duringL. monocytogenesinfection. Proteins 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of multiple antigenic peptides (MAPs)—strategies and limitations
Authors: Kowalczyk Wioleta , Monsó Marta , de la Torre Beatriz G. , Andreu David 
Published: November 2010

AbstractDendrimeric platforms such as MAPs can be synthesized either entirely by solid‐phase methods (SPPS, direct approach) or by conjugation in solution of preformed, SPPS‐made building blocks (indirect approach). Although MAPs and MAP‐like constructs have been extensively and successfully used for various biological (mainly immunological) applications, experimental reports are most often lacking in chemical detail about their preparation and characterization. Here, we provide complete accounts of the synthesis and analytical documentation of MAPs and similar dendrimers by either all‐SPPS (direct) or chemoselective thioether ligation (indirect) methods. We have chosen as model epitopes a 24‐residue sequence of the ectodomain of protein M2 from influenza virus (M2e), which is found to be a rather challenging peptide epitope, and a far more manageable, shortened (12‐residue) version of the same peptide. The advantages and shortcomings of both direct and indirect methods are discussed. Copyright © 2010 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bacterial membrane lipids in the action of antimicrobial agents
Authors: Epand Richard M. , Epand Raquel F. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractMany antimicrobial agents that target bacteria are cationic and can interact with the anionic lipid components that are exposed on the bacterial membrane. Bacteria vary widely in the nature of the major lipid components that are in the cell membrane. Those bacteria with both anionic as well as zwitterionic or neutral lipids can be induced to form domains in the presence of antimicrobial peptides possessing several cationic charges. This segregation of anionic and zwitterionic lipids into domains can result in the arrest of cell growth or in cell death. Such agents are generally more toxic to Gram‐negative bacteria, than to Gram‐positive ones. These findings emphasize the importance of the lipid composition of bacterial membranes in determining the susceptibility of the organism to the action of certain antimicrobial agents. Copyright © 2010 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Housing density as a predictor of neighbourhood satisfaction among families with young children in urban England
Authors: McCulloch Andrew 
Published: November 2010

AbstractPatterns of residential mobility suggest that urban areas in the UK are considered unpopular places to live, in particular by families with young children. The unpopularity of urban areas has been attributed to characteristics of the built environment as well as to levels of deprivation. This paper examines the relationship between levels of neighbourhood satisfaction and the density of housing in the local area using a sample of mothers with young children living in urban areas in England. Separate analyses were conducted for mothers resident in private sector housing and in social housing. The main finding is that for both groups there is a negative relationship between neighbourhood satisfaction and housing density. The relationship between housing density and the reported level of neighbourhood satisfaction was largely independent of individual and household characteristics. The adjustment for different aspects of neighbourhood deprivation significantly attenuated the gradient in neighbourhood satisfaction. For respondents in social housing, the economic dimension of neighbourhood deprivation accounted for the association between housing density and neighbourhood satisfaction. However, for respondents in private sector housing, housing density remained a significant predictor of neighbourhood satisfaction. These results show that families with young children would prefer to live in neighbourhoods with lower housing densities. However, to the extent that the factors producing neighbourhood deprivation are modifiable it may be possible to increase the number of households in urban areas without making them less attractive places for families to live. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantum Monte Carlo calculations of bond dissociation energies for some nitro and amino molecules
Authors: Zhang Hong , Cheng Xin‐Lu , Chiesa Simone 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBond dissociation energies (BDEs) for some nitro or amino contained prototypical molecules in energetic materials are computed by fixed‐node diffusion quantum Monte Carlo method. The nodes are determined from a Slater determinant calculated within density functional theory at the B3LYP/6‐311G** level. The possible errors, the nodal error, and the cancellation of nodal errors in calculating BDE are discussed, and the accuracy is compared with other available ab
initio computations and experimental results. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010
Sensitivity analysis for multiple right censoring processes: Investigating mortality in psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Siannis Fotios 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn a mortality study in psoriatic arthritis (PsA), censored observations are generated from the fact that patients fail to attend their scheduled appointments at the clinic. As a result, more than one types of right‐censored observations are available. In survival analysis, the treatment of censored observations remains a concern. The assumption of ignorable censoring, although in many cases justified, is an important assumption made often for convenience rather than any other reason. In this paper we discuss a semi–parametric model for the analysis of survival data, where sensitivity analysis on quantities of interest can be performed when small levels of association between the failure and the censoring processes are assumed. Extension of the model allows for the presence of more than one censoring processes, where one may be characterized as ignorable and the other not. This model will be used to analyze the PsA mortality data, where a sensitivity analysis on parameters can be done under the assumption of non‐ignorable censoring. Sensitivity analysis will also be performed in the presence of two censoring processes, one of which will be classified as non‐ignorable. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.