bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cdk5/p35 phosphorylates lemur tyrosine kinase‐2 to regulate protein phosphatase‐1C phosphorylation and activity
Authors: Manser Catherine , Vagnoni Alessio , Guillot Florence , Davies Jennifer , Miller Christopher C. J. 
Published: January 2012

J. Neurochem. (2012) 121, 343–348.AbstractCyclin‐dependent kinase‐5 (cdk5)/p35 and protein phosphatase‐1 (PP1) are two major enzymes that control a variety of physiological processes within the nervous system including neuronal differentiation, synaptic plasticity and axonal transport. Defective cdk5/p35 and PP1 function are also implicated in several major human neurodegenerative diseases. Cdk5/p35 and the catalytic subunit of PP1 (PP1C) both bind to the brain‐enriched, serine–threonine kinase lemur tyrosine kinase‐2 (LMTK2). Moreover, LMTK2 phosphorylates PP1C on threonine‐320 (PP1Cthr320) to inhibit its activity. Here, we demonstrate that LMTK2 is phosphorylated on serine‐1418 (LMTK2ser1418) by cdk5/p35 and present evidence that this regulates its ability to phosphorylate PP1Cthr320. We thus describe a new signalling pathway within the nervous system that links cdk5/p35 with PP1C and which has implications for a number of neuronal functions and neuronal dysfunction.
Inflammatory muscle pain is dependent on the activation of kinin B1 and B2 receptors and intracellular kinase pathways
Authors: Meotti FC , Campos R , da Silva KABS , Paszcuk AF , Costa R , Calixto JB 
Published: January 2012

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSEB1 and B2 kinin receptors are involved in pain transmission but they may have different roles in the muscle pain induced by intense exercise or inflammation. We investigated the contribution of each of these receptors, and the intracellular pathways involved, in the initial development and maintenance of the muscle pain associated with inflammation‐induced tissue damage.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHMechanical hyperalgesia was measured using the Randall–Selitto apparatus after injecting 5% formalin solution into the gastrocnemius muscle in mice treated with selective antagonists for B1 or B2 receptors. The expression of kinin receptors and cytokines and the activation of intracellular kinases were monitored by real‐time PCR and immunohistochemistry.KEY RESULTSThe i.m. injection of formalin induced an overexpression of B1 and B2 receptors. This overexpression was associated with the mechanical hyperalgesia induced by formalin because treatment with B1 receptor antagonists (des‐Arg9[Leu8]‐BK, DALBK, and SSR240612) or B2 receptor antagonists (HOE 140 and FR173657) prevented the hyperalgesia. Formalin increased myeloperoxidase activity, and up‐regulated TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐6 in gastrocnemius. Myeloperoxidase activity and TNF‐α mRNA expression were inhibited by either DALBK or HOE 140, whereas IL‐6 was inhibited only by HOE 140. The hyperalgesia induced by i.m. formalin was dependent on the activation of intracellular MAPKs p38, JNK and PKC.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONSInflammatory muscle pain involves a cascade of events that is dependent on the activation of PKC, p38 and JNK, and the synthesis of IL‐1β, TNF‐α and IL‐6 associated with the up‐regulation of both B1 and B2 kinin receptors.
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester protects nigral dopaminergic neurons via dual mechanisms involving haem oxygenase‐1 and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor
Authors: Kurauchi Y , Hisatsune A , Isohama Y , Mishima S , Katsuki H 
Published: January 2012

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSECaffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is a component of honey bee propolis that can induce expression of haem oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1). Because HO‐1 induction has been suggested to protect dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, we examined the effect of CAPE in experimental models of dopaminergic neurodegeneration.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHNeuroprotective effect of CAPE was investigated in rat organotypic midbrain slice cultures and in vivo, using a mouse model of dopaminergic neurodegeneration induced by intranigral injection of LPS and intrastriatal injection of 6‐hydroxydopamine.KEY RESULTSCAPE protected dopaminergic neurons in slice cultures from IFN‐γ/LPS‐induced injury. The effect of CAPE was inhibited by zinc protoporphyrin IX, an HO‐1 inhibitor, and by neutralizing antibody against brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). A p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 prevented activation of NF‐E2‐related factor 2, attenuated increased expression of HO‐1 and BDNF, and blocked the neuroprotective actions of CAPE. In the LPS‐injected mouse model, daily intraperitoneal administration of CAPE protected dopaminergic neurons, up‐regulated HO‐1 and BDNF, and reduced the increase of activated microglia/macrophages. Neuroprotective effects of CAPE against LPS‐induced injury was prevented by zinc protoporphyrin IX or anti‐BDNF antibody. CAPE protected dopaminergic neurons and alleviated methamphetamine‐induced rotational behaviour also in 6‐hydroxydopamine hemiparkinsonian mice.CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONSCAPE is a novel type of neuroprotective agent whose actions are mediated by both HO‐1 and BDNF. These findings may provide novel clues to develop neuroprotective agents for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
Focal administration of neuropeptide Y into the S2 somatosensory cortex maximally suppresses absence seizures in a genetic rat model
Authors: van Raay Leena , Jovanovska Valentina , Morris Margaret J. , O’Brien Terence J. 
Published: January 2012

SummaryPurpose:  Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that suppresses focal and generalized seizures in animal models. In this study, we investigated the sites within the thalamocortical circuit that NPY acts to suppress seizures in genetic absence epilepsy rats from Strasbourg (GAERS).Methods:  In conscious freely moving GAERS, NPY was administered via intracerebral microcannulae implanted bilaterally into one of the following regions: primary somatosensory cortex (S1), secondary somatosensory cortex (S2), the primary motor cortex (M1), caudal nucleus reticular thalamus (nRT), or ventrobasal thalamus (VB). Animals received vehicle and up to three doses of NPY, in a randomized order. Electroencephalography (EEG) recordings were carried out for 30 min prior to injection and 90 min after the injection of NPY or vehicle.Key Findings:  Focal microinjections of NPY into the S2 cortex suppressed seizures in a dose‐dependent manner, with the response being significantly different at the highest dose (1.5 mm) compared to vehicle for total time in seizures postinjection (7.2 ± 3.0% of saline, p < 0.01) and average number of seizures (9.4 ± 4.9% of saline, p < 0.05). In contrast NPY microinjections into the VB resulted in an aggravation of seizures.Significance:  NPY produces contrasting effects on absence‐like seizures in GAERS depending on the site of injection within the thalamocortical circuit. The S2 is the site at which NPY most potently acts to suppress absence‐like seizures in GAERS, whereas seizure‐aggravating effects are seen in the VB. These results provide further evidence to support the proposition that these electroclinically “generalized” seizures are being driven by a topographically restricted region within the somatosensory cortex.
Trans‐Arterial Coil Embolization of the Internal Carotid Artery in Standing Horses
Authors: Benredouane Kossay , Lepage Olivier 
Published: January 2012

ObjectivesTo develop transarterial coil embolization (TACE) for occlusion of the internal carotid artery (ICA), in normal standing horses, and to evaluate it use for prevention of hemorrhage in horses with guttural pouch mycosis (GPM).Study DesignProspective study.AnimalsNormal horses (n = 8) and 5 with GPM.MethodsHorses had TACE of the ICA in standing position under fluoroscopic guidance. Four normal horses were euthanatized 2 weeks after TACE for morphologic assessment and 4 were followed for 6 months. The 5 clinically affected horses were evaluated for long‐term (10–12 months) success rate and complications.ResultsNo complications related to the TACE were noted. Up to 30 mL warmed meglumine ioxithalamate was injected and well tolerated. Standing angiography confirmed complete occlusion of all vessels, and coils were positioned as intended; the procedure did not alter local hemodynamics. At 2 weeks, maturing to mature continuous thrombi was seen at the site of the coils. Two clinically affected horses died at day 3 and 12 after surgery from other problems. In the 3 surviving horses, mycotic lesions completely resolved without additional treatment.ConclusionsTACE under fluoroscopic guidance in standing horses provided a safe, minimally invasive, and effective method for ICA occlusion and should be recommended for individuals at risk of general anesthesia. Residual neurologic deficits are a common sequela, but they do not reflect a treatment failure.
The Suppression Hypothesis Reconsidered: Competition Between Blacks and White Immigrants in the Retail Trade in Large Northern Cities, 1910–1930
Authors: BOYD ROBERT L. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractPast studies have dismissed the claim that retail enterprise among blacks in the urban North during the early 20th century was suppressed by competition from white immigrant merchants. The present investigation reconsiders the suppression hypothesis, applying the concepts of “niche overlap” and “competitive exclusion” from the literature on ethnic competition. An analysis of Census data on large northern cities offers some support for the hypothesis. The level of retail entrepreneurship of black men was negatively associated with that of white immigrant men in 1910 and 1920, implying that black retail enterprise at these time‐points was discouraged by the presence of white immigrant merchants. These negative associations, though, were only moderately significant in a substantive sense, and there was no evidence that a reduction of white immigrant merchants would have produced substantial gains for blacks in the retail trade, as many black entrepreneurs and activists at the time had claimed.
Lessons from The Cultural and Political Economy of Recovery
Authors: COYNE CHRISTOPHER J. , LEMKE JAYME 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis essay reviews four of the central themes in Emily Chamily‐Wright's The Cultural and Political Economy of Recovery. These themes include: (1) the cultural toolkit, (2) the use of qualitative methods in social science research, (3) polycentricism and disaster recovery, and (4) entrepreneurship in non‐priced environments. Our purpose is twofold. First, to make clear Chamlee‐Wright's contributions to our understanding of disaster recovery. Second, to demonstrate how these themes provide an opportunity for interdisciplinary exchange by blending insights from across the social sciences.
The Relationship Between Shift Work, Sleep, and Cognition in Career Emergency Physicians
Authors: Machi Mari S. , Staum Matthew , Callaway Clifton W. , Moore Charity , Jeong Kwonho , Suyama Joe , Patterson P. Daniel , Hostler David 
Published: January 2012

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2012; 19:85–91 © 2012 by the Society for Academic Emergency MedicineAbstractObjectives:  The 24‐hour physician coverage of the emergency department (ED) requires shift work, which can result in desynchronosis and cognitive decline. We measured changes in cognition and sleep disturbance in attending emergency physicians (EPs) before and after day and overnight shifts.Methods:  Thirteen EPs were tested before and after day and overnight shifts using the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT), the University of Southern California Repeatable Episodic Memory Test (REMT), the Trail Making Test (TMT), and the Stroop Color‐Word Test. Sleep quality and fatigue were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Chalder Fatigue Questionnaire (CFQ). Saliva samples were collected from each physician immediately before and after day shifts and night shifts for neurohormonal assays.Results:  Significantly fewer words were recalled on the REMT after both day (−2.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −4.4 to −0.4) and overnight shifts (−4.6, 95% CI = −6.4 to −2.8). There was a significant postshift increase in words recalled from the last third of the REMT list after overnight shifts (6.6, 95% CI = 2.8 to 10.4). Sleep quality was worse in EPs (mean PSQI = 4.8, SD ± 2.5) compared to the normal population, with 31% of subjects reporting poor sleep quality. Postshift fatigue was correlated with the perceived difficulty of the shift. Salivary cortisol and melatonin demonstrated diurnal variation consistent with normal circadian rhythms. Morning cortisol peak was decreased or delayed in samples from physicians after a night shift.Conclusions:  These data indicate that short‐term memory appears to decline after day and overnight shifts and confirms the high incidence of disturbed sleep in this population.
Being a Mentor: What’s in It for Me?
Authors: Coates Wendy C. 
Published: January 2012

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2012; 19:92–97 © 2012 by the Society for Academic Emergency MedicineAbstractThe benefits of mentorship for the protégé are well established and include increased career satisfaction, advancement, and income. Mentors can derive satisfaction from personal and professional networks within their institutions and specialties. However, the advantages of being a mentor are underreported in the medical literature. The purpose of this review is to investigate the effect of the mentoring relationship on the mentors and institutions in disciplines that have studied it widely and to draw parallels to academic medicine. Literature in the fields of business, organizational psychology, and kindergarten through high school (K‐12) education describe benefits of serving as a mentor to the individual, organization, and discipline. Potential mentors are intensely self‐motivated and derive satisfaction from developing junior colleagues and improving their institutions. Business mentors take pride in junior colleagues’ achievements and enjoy improved recognition by superiors, favorable perception within the organization, increased job satisfaction, accelerated promotion rates, higher salaries, development of managerial skills, and improved technical expertise. Organizations enjoy worker longevity from both members of the partnership and benefit from the formation of networks. In the K‐12 education model, master teachers who train novices are more likely to remain in the classroom or advance to an administrative role. Application of the principles from these disciplines to academic medicine is likely to produce similarly positive outcomes of personal satisfaction, collaboration, and academic and institutional advancement.
Pre‐ and postoperative assessment of sinus grafting procedures using cone‐beam computed tomography compared with panoramic radiographs
Authors: Baciut Mihaela , Hedesiu Mihaela , Bran Simion , Jacobs Reinhilde , Nackaerts Olivia , Baciut Grigore 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectivesThe present study evaluated the clinical validity of cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans in comparison to panoramic radiographs regarding preoperative implant planning in combination with sinus grafting procedures.Materials and methodsPreoperative assessment of the maxillary sinuses and implant planning using panoramic radiographs and CBCT scans was performed on 16 sinuses (13 patients) and comprised choice of treatment, timing of implant placement, sinus morphology, level of confidence, complication prediction and graft volume assessment. Six examiners were involved in the study.ResultsIn the majority of cases there was a concordance between the treatment type based on either panoramic radiographs or CBCT. If any difference was found, this was due to an overestimation of bone quantity and quality on panoramic radiographs. The assessment of sinus morphology showed a significantly higher detection rate of sinus mucosal hypertrophy on CBCT. The most appealing result is a significant increase in surgical confidence and a significantly better prediction of complications when using CBCT.ConclusionsA preoperative planning based on CBCT seems to improve sinus diagnostics and surgical confidence.
Reliability of the fluid balance in neonates
Authors: van Asperen Yvette , Brand Paul LP , Bekhof Jolita 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAim:  To assess the reliability of fluid balance charts in neonates.Methods:  An observational study in 170 nonbreastfed neonates, requiring continuous monitoring on a high‐care unit, but not critically ill. The fluid balance was compared to daily body weight changes using Bland–Altman analysis. Differences more than 20% of daily fluid intake were considered clinically relevant.Results:  The mean gestational age was 36 + 2 weeks (SD 18.7 days) and mean birth weight 2782 g (SD 749 g). The mean difference between 394 fluid balances over 24 h (in mL) and daily weight changes (in g) was −12.1 (limits of agreement −128.1 to 103.8). In 40% of comparisons, the difference with daily weight change was more than 20% of daily fluid intake.Conclusion:  Fluid balance charts both over‐ and underestimate body weight changes in an unpredictable pattern and are therefore unreliable as a single measure of fluid status in neonates.
Conceptualisations of literacy and literacy practices for children with severe learning difficulties
Authors: Lawson Hazel , Layton Lyn , Goldbart Juliet , Lacey Penny , Miller Carol 
Published: January 2012

AbstractLiteracy is traditionally narrowly conceptualised as a set of skills related to accessing and generating written or printed text. For children designated as having severe learning difficulties (SLD), who are unlikely to develop these ‘conventional’ literacy skills, such a conception implies their semi‐literacy or nonliteracy. Although conceptions of multimodal literacy and multiliteracies have rarely been applied to this group, broader understandings of literacy that include a range of activities, modes and media provide greater opportunities for including these learners in literacy practices. Drawing upon our research with teachers of this group of children and young people, we illustrate these literacy practices. We note, however, that such practices are often haphazard, not coherently thought through, and that there is much confusion regarding any distinction between communication and literacy. We argue for literacy as a specific form of communication, but conclude that broader models of literacies should be utilised to guide and support practitioners in developing interactive practice and in making reasoned and principled approaches and decisions about literacy practices, routes and progression for children with SLD.
Leveraging Information and Communication Technologies for Development (ICTD) in the Caribbean
Authors: Thakur Dhanaraj 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis paper presents a review of research in the field of information and communication technologies for development (ICTD) in the Caribbean. Specifically, I look at the extent to which ICTs can and have supported development in the region. In so doing, I examine the literature at three levels, in terms of development interventions, market‐led interventions and policy responses, while drawing on research from a wide range of sectors such as education, commerce, etc. Most research focus on the benefits that accrue from ICTs. However, at all three levels debates have emerged with regard to the efficacy of ICTs in enabling development, the most critical of which occur at the policy level. Furthermore, there are several areas in the literature that remain unexplored and present significant opportunities to increase our understanding of the impact of ICTs on development in the Caribbean.
The 2007‐2009 Drought in Athens, Georgia, United States: A Climatological Analysis and an Assessment of Future Water Availability1
Authors: Campana Pete , Knox John , Grundstein Andrew , Dowd John 
Published: January 2012

Campana, Pete, John Knox, Andrew Grundstein, and John Dowd, 2012. The 2007‐2009 Drought in Athens, Georgia, United States: A Climatological Analysis and an Assessment of Future Water Availability. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 48(2): 379‐390. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2011.00619.xAbstract:  Population growth and development in many regions of the world increase the demand for water and vulnerability to water shortages. Our research provides a case study of how population growth can augment the severity of a drought. During 2007‐2009, a drought event that caused extreme societal impacts occurred in the Athens, Georgia region (defined as Clarke, Barrow, Oconee, and Jackson counties). An examination of drought indices and precipitation records indicates that conditions were severe, but not worse than during the 1925‐1927, 1954‐1956, and 1985‐1987 drought events. A drought of similar length to the 2007‐2009 drought would be expected to occur approximately every 25 years. Streamflow analysis shows that discharge levels in area streams were at a record low during 2007 before water restrictions were implemented, because of greater water usage caused by recent population increases. These population increases, combined with a lack of water conservation, led to severe water shortages in the Athens region during late 2007. Only after per capita usage decreased did water resources last despite continuing drought conditions through 2009. Retaining mitigation strategies and withdrawal levels such as seen during the height of the drought will be an essential strategy to prevent water shortages during future extreme drought events. The key mitigation strategy, independent local action to restrict water use in advance of state‐level restrictions, is now prohibited by Georgia State Law.
Regulation of fat intake in the absence of flavour signalling
Authors: Ferreira Jozélia G. , Tellez Luis A. , Ren Xueying , Yeckel Catherine W. , de Araujo Ivan E. 
Published: January 2012

Key points
The hedonic orosensory properties of fats strongly promote intake, but it remains unknown whether fat intake stimulates brain reward circuits in the absence of orosensory cues.
We developed a behavioral assay that allows for the dissociation between orosensory versus post‐oral influences on fat intake.
Mice trained to lick a dry spout to receive intra‐gastric infusions of fat emulsions maintained constant caloric intake in response to changes in energy density or hunger levels.
Dopamine levels in dorsal and ventral striatum were responsive to gut infusions of fat emulsions, in such a way that (1) extracellular striatal dopamine levels fluctuate in proportion to the caloric density of nutrients infused in the gut; and (2) inhibiting dopamine receptor signalling disrupts the animals’ ability to maintain constant caloric intake across experimental sessions.
Our results support the existence of a gut–brain dopamine axis that functions as a flavour‐independent central sensor of fat calories.