bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corneal Wound Architecture and Integrity After Torsional and Mixed Phacoemulsification: Evaluation of Standard and Microincisional Coaxial Techniques
Authors: Jun Bokkwan , Berdahl John P. , Kuo Anthony N. , Cummings Thomas J. , Kim Terry 
Published: February 2010

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To compare the effects of torsional and mixed ultrasound on clear corneal incision architecture, wound integrity, and apposition using standard (2.75 mm) and micro-incisional (2.2 mm) coaxial phacoemulsification.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS:
Twenty human cadaver eyes (4 groups of 5 eyes) underwent simulated coaxial phacoemulsification for 45 seconds of ultrasound time (group 1 = 2.75 mm, 100% torsional; group 2 = 2.2 mm, 70% torsional; group 3 = 2.2 mm, 100% torsional; group 4 = 2.2 mm, mixed ultrasound). All phacoemulsification settings were kept constant across each group. Following phacoemulsification, intraocular pressure (IOP) was cyclically raised and lowered from 0 to 125 mm Hg. Two eyes from each group had India ink placed over the wound and were observed for leakage and for histopathologic examination. Eyes not exposed to India ink (three eyes of each group) were examined using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

RESULTS:
Wound leakage was evident in one eye from group 1 and no eyes from the other three groups. Histopathologic examination revealed no India ink penetration in any of the eyes studied. Anterior segment OCT showed good wound apposition in each group. SEM demonstrated partially compromised endothelium and Descemet's membrane in all eyes studied from each group.

CONCLUSION:
No differences in corneal wound architecture and integrity were observed. Torsional and mixed ultrasound settings do not appear to induce any adverse effects on corneal wound architecture and integrity in standard and microincisional coaxial phacoemulsification techniques.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2010;41:128–134.]
Importance of Cytokines in Murine Allergic Airway Disease and Human Asthma
Authors: Finkelman Fred D. , Hogan Simon P. , Hershey Gurjit K. Khurana , Rothenberg Marc E. , Wills-Karp Marsha 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAsthma is a common, disabling inflammatory respiratory disease that has increased in frequency and severity in developed nations. We review studies of murine allergic airway disease (MAAD) and human asthma that evaluate the importance of Th2 cytokines, Th2 response-promoting cytokines, IL-17, and proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in MAAD and human asthma. We discuss murine studies that directly stimulate airways with specific cytokines or delete, inactivate, neutralize, or block specific cytokines or their receptors, as well as controversial issues including the roles of IL-5, IL-17, and IL-13Rα2 in MAAD and IL-4Rα expression by specific cell types. Studies of human asthmatic cytokine gene and protein expression, linkage of cytokine polymorphisms to asthma, cytokine responses to allergen stimulation, and clinical responses to cytokine antagonists are discussed as well. Results of these analyses establish the importance of specific cytokines in MAAD and human asthma and have therapeutic implications.
Bioremediation of Turbid Surface Water Using Seed Extract from Moringa oleifera Lam. (Drumstick) Tree
Authors: Lea Michael 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAn indigenous water treatment method uses Moringa oleifera seeds in the form of a water‐soluble extract in suspension, resulting in an effective natural clarification agent for highly turbid and untreated pathogenic surface water. Efficient reduction (80.0% to 99.5%) of high turbidity produces an aesthetically clear supernatant, concurrently accompanied by 90.00% to 99.99% (1 to 4 log) bacterial reduction. Application of this low‐cost Moringa oleifera protocol is recommended for simplified, point‐of‐use, low‐risk water treatment where rural and peri‐urban people living in extreme poverty are presently drinking highly turbid and microbiologically contaminated water. Curr. Protoc. Microbiol. 16:1G.2.1‐1G.2.14. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Methods of Identifying Membrane Proteins in Spirochetes
Authors: Carroll James A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBacterial membrane proteins serve vital functions such as nutrient acquisition, sensation of the environment, and in gene regulation, secretion, and attachment. Proteins on the cell surface are instrumental in host‐pathogen interactions and many serve as immunogens that confer protection as targets for neutralizing antibodies. Integral membrane and lipidated proteins possess hydrophobic domains or lipid anchors that interact with the lipid bilayer of cellular membranes, allowing the investigator to use hydrophobicity as a means for enrichment. The spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi is a Gram negative‐like microorganism that produces many integral and lipidated proteins, several of which have proven important during infection and transmission of the bacterium from the tick vector to the mammalian host. Protocols described in this unit for enriching membrane proteins have been extensively used by investigators in the study of B. burgdorferi, but can be easily adapted to identify and characterize membrane‐associated and surface‐exposed proteins associated with other bacteria. Curr. Protoc. Microbiol. 16:12C.2.1‐12C.2.13. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Transversal patterns in three‐dimensional packed bed reactors: Oscillatory kinetics
Authors: Nekhamkina Olga , Sheintuch Moshe 
Published: February 2010

AbstractFormation of transversal patterns in a 3D cylindrical reactor is studied with a catalytic reactor model in which an exothermic first‐order reaction of Arrhenius kinetics occurs with a variable catalytic activity. Under these oscillatory kinetics, the system exhibits a planar front (1D) solution with the front position oscillating in the axial direction. Three types of patterns were simulated in the 3D system: rotating fronts, oscillating fronts with superimposed transversal (nonrotating) oscillations, and mixed rotating–oscillating fronts. These solutions coexist with the planar front solution and require special initial conditions. We map bifurcation diagrams showing domains of different modes using the reactor radius as a bifurcation parameter. The possible reduction of the 3D model to the 2D cylindrical shell model is discussed. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
SNPs in CAST are associated with Parkinson disease: A confirmation study
Authors: Allen Andrew S. , Satten Glen A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractUsing data from the National Institutes of Neurological disease and Stroke's (NINDS) study of Parkinson disease (PD), we recently reported that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a region containing the Calpastatin (CAST) gene were associated with PD. Here we follow up this finding with an analysis of the Center for Inherited Disease Research's (CIDR) genome‐wide association study in familial PD. After adjusting for population stratification and multiple testing, we find a significant association (P = 0.0167) between PD and SNP rs1559085 in CAST. These findings confirm CAST/PD associations in a second, independent, dataset and suggest that CAST be prioritized for further investigation. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polyoxometallate als Bausteine für funktionelle Nanosysteme
Authors: Long De‐Liang , Tsunashima Ryo , Cronin Leroy 
Published: February 2010

AbstractDie Polyoxometallate (POM), eine Untergruppe der Metalloxide, bilden vielfältige Molekülcluster, die nicht nur außerordentlich vielfältige physikalische Eigenschaften zeigen, sondern auch dynamische Strukturen mit Abmessungen vom Nanometer‐ bis zum Mikrometermaßstab bilden können. Hier beschreiben wir die neuesten Entwicklungen von der Synthese bis zur Struktur und Funktion von Polyoxometallaten. Wir diskutieren Wege zur Herstellung höchst differenzierter hierarchischer Systeme mit mehreren voneinander unabhängigen Funktionalitäten und geben eine kritische Analyse, aus der auch nichtspezialisierte Leser die wichtigsten Eigenschaften ersehen können. In diesem Zusammenhang schlagen wir auch ein “Periodensystem der Polyoxometallat‐Baueinheiten” vor. Schließlich beleuchten wir einige aktuelle Herausforderungen beim Design funktioneller Systeme auf der Basis von POM‐Baueinheiten und geben einen Ausblick auf mögliche Anwendungen.
Direct Arylation of Heterocycles: The Performances of Ferrocene‐Based Polyphosphane Ligands in Palladium‐Catalyzed CH Bond Activation
Authors: Roger Julien , Mom Sophal , Beaupérin Matthieu , Royer Sylviane , Meunier Philippe , Ivanov Vladimir V. , Doucet Henri , Hierso Jean‐Cyrille 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe palladium‐catalyzed direct arylation of alkylated‐ furan, thiophene, and thiazole and benzoxazole heterocycles with electronically and sterically deactivated bromoarenes was selectively and efficiently promoted by ferrocenyl polyphosphanes. In this CH bond activation reaction of heteroaromatics, the performances of polydentate di‐, tri‐, and tetraphosphane ligands were compared, showing that the triphosphane 1,1′,2‐tris(diphenylphosphino)‐4‐tert‐butylferrocene 3 was the most effective for the coupling. The introduction of more electron‐donating (iPr) or electron‐withdrawing (furyl) groups on the phosphorus atoms did not improve the ligand performances. The coordination behavior of 3 towards palladium(II) and other group 10 metals, NiII and PtII, was studied and the corresponding 1,2‐P chelating phosphorus complexes were isolated in high yields and fully characterized by multinuclear 1H, 13C, 31P NMR (3⋅PdCl2, 3⋅PtCl2) and X‐ray structures (3⋅NiBr2). It was found that the triphosphane ligand 3 was able to accommodate bidentate chelating cis coordination to group 10 metals, and additionally a much rarely described bis monodentate trans configuration. The combination of these two modes of coordination in a multimetallic species was clearly evidenced for the first time for a ferrocenyl polyphosphane. This versatility in bonding is a clear difference of coordination potential of this catalytically more efficient triphosphane compared to analogous ferrocenyl di‐ or tetraphosphanes.
Development of variance‐filtered instrumental transfer methods for high‐resolution NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Alam Todd M. , Alam M. Kathleen 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe introduction of a variance‐filter to both direct standardization (DS) and piece‐wise direct standardization (PDS) instrumental transfer methods for the analysis of NMR spectral data is described. The variance‐filter modification allows for the identification of regions in the NMR spectra that are not adequately represented by the limited number of transfer calibration samples used during the calculation of the instrument‐to‐instrument transfer matrix. For these spectral frequencies, the corresponding portion of the transfer matrix is replaced by identity (or scaled identity) prior to the secondary instrumental data sets being transferred to the target instrument response. The spectral matching performance of the variance‐filtered instrumental transfer method as applied to high‐resolution 1H NMR spectra is presented along with possible uses and limitations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Energy distribution‐aware clustering algorithm for dense wireless sensor networks
Authors: Fang Shudong , Berber Stevan Mirko , Swain Akshya Kumar 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe consider the challenge of organizing densely deployed sensor nodes into the form of clusters, using the distribution of network residual energy (NRE), which is defined as the sum of node residual energy. Irrespective of network topology, the distribution of NRE is proven to approach Gaussian in dense node deployment. A decentralized clustering algorithm is present, using timers and a recursively updated probability to select nodes with more residual energy to become Cluster Head (CH) nodes and organize other nodes in the form of clusters over slotted time intervals. Embracing the dense node deployment, each node initializes its probability of becoming a CH node using the distribution of NRE defined in its neighborhood area. Each of the selected CH nodes resides in the center of its cluster area, which has a radius that can be arbitrarily chosen. The performances of the new clustering algorithm are analyzed and then validated via extensive simulations, taking into account variable cluster radius and variable network density. The new clustering algorithm significantly prolongs the network lifetime, in comparison to several representative and competing clustering algorithms reported in the literature. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Discovery of semantic Web Services with an enhanced‐Chord‐based P2P network
Authors: Adala Asma , Tabbane Nabil 
Published: February 2010

AbstractCurrently Web Service (WS) systems are based on central registries for publication and discovery. With the growing number and the dynamicity of WS, this centralized approach rapidly becomes inefficient and impractical. Furthermore, existing WS standards such as WS Description Language (WSDL) and Universal Description, Discovery and Integration (UDDI) do not support semantic description which is essential for the automation of several WS‐related functions such as discovery, execution and composition. We propose a system that enables efficient Semantic WSs publication and discovery in a fully decentralized network using peer‐to‐peer technologies. We also propose and evaluate the performances of an enhanced version of Chord protocol that we have called ‘enhanced‐Chord’. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The use ofin vitrotechnologies coupled with high resolution accurate mass LC‐MS for studying drug metabolism in equine drug surveillance
Authors: Scarth James P. , Spencer Holly A. , Timbers Sarah E. , Hudson Simon C. , Hillyer Lynn L. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe detection of drug abuse in horseracing often requires knowledge of drug metabolism, especially if urine is the matrix of choice. In this study, equine liver/lung microsomes/S9 tissue fractions were used to study the phase I metabolism of eight drugs of relevance to equine drug surveillance (acepromazine, azaperone, celecoxib, fentanyl, fluphenazine, mepivacaine, methylphenidate and tripelennamine).In vitrosamples were analyzed qualitatively alongside samples originating fromin vivoadministrations using LC‐MS on a high resolution accurate mass Thermo Orbitrap Discovery instrument and by LC‐MS/MS on an Applied Biosystems Sciex 5500 Q Trap.Using high resolution accurate mass full‐scan analysis on the Orbitrap, thein vitrosystems were found to generate at least the two most abundant phase I metabolites observedin vitrofor all eight drugs studied. In the majority of cases,in vitroexperiments were also able to generate the minorin vivometabolites and sometimes metabolites that were only observedin vitro. More detailed analyses of fentanyl incubates using LC‐MS/MS showed that it was possible to generate good quality spectra from the metabolites generatedin vitro. These data support the suggestion of usingin vitroincubates as metabolite reference material in place ofin vivopost‐administration samples in accordance with new qualitative identification guidelines in the 2009 International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation‐G7 (ILAC‐G7) document.In summary, thein vitroandin vivophase I metabolism results reported herein compare well and demonstrate the potential ofin vitrostudies to compliment, refine and reduce the existing equinein vivoparadigm. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Signal transduction pathways that function in both development and innate immunity
Authors: Partridge Frederick A. , Gravato‐Nobre Maria J. , Hodgkin Jonathan 
Published: February 2010

AbstractC. elegans is developing in importance as a model for innate immunity. Several signaling pathways are known to be required for immune responses to a diverse range of pathogens, including the insulin signaling, p38 MAP kinase and transforming growth factor‐β pathways. These pathways also have roles during development, which can complicate the analysis of their functions in immunity. Recent studies have suggested that immunity in C. elegans is integrated across the organism by both paracrine and neuronal communication, showing the complexity of the immune system in this organism. Developmental Dynamics 239:1330–1336, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression patterns of FGF receptors in the developing mammalian cochlea
Authors: Hayashi Toshinori , Ray Catherine A. , Younkins Christa , Bermingham‐McDonogh Olivia 
Published: February 2010

AbstractMany studies have shown the importance of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family of factors in the development of the mammalian cochlea. There are four fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR1–4) and all four are expressed in the cochlea during development. While there are examples in the literature of expression patterns of some of the receptors at specific stages of cochlear development there has been no systematic study. We have assembled a full analysis of the patterns of receptor expression during cochlear development for all four Fgfrs using in situ hybridization. We have analyzed the expression patterns from embryonic day 13.5 through postnatal ages. We find that Fgfr1, 2, and 3 are expressed in the epithelium of the cochlear duct and Fgfr4 is limited in its expression to the mesenchyme surrounding the duct. We compare the receptor expression pattern to markers of the sensory domain (p27kip1) and the early hair cells (math1). Developmental Dynamics 239:1019–1026, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Loss of transcription factor AP‐2gamma/TFAP2C impairs branching morphogenesis of the murine mammary gland
Authors: Jäger Richard , Schäfer Sabine , Hau‐Liersch Mathilde , Schorle Hubert 
Published: February 2010

AbstractExtensive development of the mammary gland occurs during puberty, when rising levels of ovarian hormones induce the formation of highly proliferative terminal end buds (TEBs) at the tips of mammary ducts. TEBs consist of an outer layer of cap cells and of inner body cells. TEBs invade the adipose stroma and bifurcate while extending the ducts to generate an arborized ductal network. We show that in murine mammary glands transcription factor AP‐2γ is strongly expressed in the cap cell layer and in a subset of body cells of TEBs. To decipher AP‐2γ functions during mammary development we generated AP‐2γ‐deficient mice. Their mammary glands displayed impaired ductal branching and elongation. Cellular proliferation within TEBs was reduced. Although estrogen receptor was expressed, exogenously administered ovarian hormones could not restore normal development. Therefore, AP‐2γ is functionally involved in branching morphogenesis of the mammary epithelium, possibly by controlling genetic processes downstream of ovarian hormones. Developmental Dynamics 239:1027–1033, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The relationship of the birth date of rat sympathetic neurons to the target they innervate
Authors: Chubb D. P. , Anderson C. R. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn many parts of the nervous system, neurons with the same function often have similar “birth dates” (the time their precursor withdrew from the cell cycle). We investigated the birth dates of eight functional classes of rat sympathetic postganglionic neurons by injecting bromodeoxyuridine during embryonic development, while retrograde tracing and immunohistochemistry were used to identify postganglionic neurons of different functional classes in the mature animals. The times of withdrawal from the cell cycle overlapped, but there were significant differences in the peak time of withdrawal for most of the classes. Furthermore, sympathetic cholinergic postganglionic neurons had a significantly greater proportion of their total population labelled with bromodeoxyuridine than did any of the noradrenergic classes of neurons, indicating prenatal class‐specific differences in the handling of bromodeoxyuridine. Together, our findings indicate that, prior to extending axons to their targets, different functional classes of sympathetic neurons show differences in phenotype. Developmental Dynamics 239:897–904, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chemical‐Bonding Assembly, Physical Characterization, and Photophysical Properties of Lanthanide Hybrids from a Functional Thiazole Bridge
Authors: Guo Lei , Yan Bing 
Published: February 2010

AbstractTwo organic ligands derived from thiazole were modified by 3‐(triethoxysilyl)propyl isocyanate (TESPIC) to achieve the molecular precursors (P1 and P2). Then, the organic–inorganic hybrid materials (LnM1 and LnM2, Ln = Eu and Tb) were obtained by using these as bridging molecules to coordinate with lanthanide ions and form inorganic Si–O networks with tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) after cohydrolysis and copolycondensation processes, whose composition, microstructures, and photophysical properties were studied. All of the materials were amorphous and no phase separation occurred. The photoluminescence properties of these materials revealed that all these hybrids can show the characteristic luminescence of lanthanide ions. The ratios of red/orange, decay times, emission quantum efficiency of Eu3+ hybrid materials were also determined. Furthermore, the number of water molecules coordinated to the Eu3+ ion was theoretically estimated on the basis of emission spectra and the lifetime of the 5D0 state.
Photophysical and Photochemical Properties of Fluorinated and Nonfluorinated n‐Propanol‐Substituted Zinc Phthalocyanines
Authors: Gürol İlke , Durmuş Mahmut , Ahsen Vefa 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe synthesis of symmetrical fluorinated and nonfluorinated zinc(II) phthalocyanine derivatives obtained from 4,5‐dichlorophthalonitrile, 4‐nitrophthalonitrile and 3‐nitrophthalonitrile substituted with 2,2,3,3‐tetrafluoro‐1‐propanol and n‐propanol are described. The comparison of the photophysicochemical properties of fluorinated and nonfluorinated substituted zinc(II) phthalocyanines is reported for the first time. The new compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR and 19F NMR spectroscopy, electronic spectroscopy and mass spectra. The photophysical and photochemical properties of the compounds were studied in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The complexes were quenched with benzoquinone (BQ), and their fluorescence‐quenching properties were investigated in the same solvent. The effects of the number of the substitution and the position on the photophysical and photochemical parameters of the zinc(II) phthalocyanines 1a–7a are also reported. Photophysical and photochemical properties of phthalocyanine complexes are very useful for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer applications. In particular, high singlet‐oxygen quantum yields are very important for Type II mechanisms. These complexes have good singlet‐oxygen quantum yields and show potential as Type‐II photosensitizers.
Chain Compounds Based on Tetranuclear Basic Copper(II) Carboxylate Clusters and Quadruple Zwitterionic Linkers: Structures and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Zhang Xiu‐Mei , Wang Yan‐Qin , Gao En‐Qing 
Published: February 2010

AbstractTwo CuII complexes with the new zwitterionic ligand 1‐carboxymethylpyridinio‐3‐benzoate (L), [Cu4L4(OH)2](ClO4)2·8H2O (1) and [Cu4L4(OH)2]Cl2·8H2O (2), have been synthesized and characterized crystallographically and magnetically. The two compounds contain isostructural chains, in which the anionic basic copper(II) carboxylate clusters [Cu4(μ3‐OH)2(RCOO)8]2– are quadruply interlinked by cationic organic spacers. Magnetic analyses using a tetranuclear model indicate that antiferromagnetic interactions between neighboring copper(II) ions are operative through the double hydroxo bridges and the mixed hydroxo/carboxylato bridges.