bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Ameliorates Collagen-Induced Arthritis
Authors: Swanson Christina D. , Akama-Garren Elliot H. , Stein Emily A. , Petralia Jacob D. , Ruiz Pedro J. , Edalati Abdolhossein , Lindstrom Tamsin M. , Robinson William H. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune synovitis characterized by the formation of pannus and the destruction of cartilage and bone in the synovial joints. Although immune cells, which infiltrate the pannus and promote inflammation, play a prominent role in the pathogenesis of RA, other cell types also contribute. Proliferation of synovial fibroblasts, for example, underlies the formation of the pannus, while proliferation of endothelial cells results in neovascularization, which supports the growth of the pannus by supplying it with nutrients and oxygen. The synovial fibroblasts also promote inflammation in the synovium by producing cytokines and chemokines. Finally, osteoclasts cause the destruction of bone. In this study, we show that erlotinib, an inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), reduces the severity of established collagen-induced arthritis, a mouse model of RA, and that it does so by targeting synovial fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and osteoclasts. Erlotinib-induced attenuation of autoimmune arthritis was associated with a reduction in number of osteoclasts and blood vessels, and erlotinib inhibited the formation of murine osteoclasts and the proliferation of human endothelial cells in vitro. Erlotinib also inhibited the proliferation and cytokine production of human synovial fibroblasts in vitro. Moreover, EGFR was highly expressed and activated in the synovium of mice with collagen-induced arthritis and patients with RA. Taken together, these findings suggest that EGFR plays a central role in the pathogenesis of RA and that EGFR inhibition may provide benefits in the treatment of RA.
MHC Class Ib-Restricted CD8 T Cells Differ in Dependence on CD4 T Cell Help and CD28 Costimulation over the Course of Mouse Polyomavirus Infection
Authors: Hofstetter Amelia R. , Ford Mandy L. , Sullivan Lucy C. , Wilson Jarad J. , Hadley Annette , Brooks Andrew G. , Lukacher Aron E. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
We recently identified a protective MHC class Ib-restricted CD8 T cell response to infection with mouse polyomavirus. These CD8 T cells recognize a peptide from aa 139–147 of the VP2 viral capsid protein bound to the nonpolymorphic H-2Q9 molecule, a member of the Qa-2 family of β2m-associated MHC class Ib molecules. Q9:VP2.139-specific CD8 T cells exhibit an unusual inflationary response characterized by a gradual expansion over 3 mo followed by a stable maintenance phase. We previously demonstrated that Q9:VP2.139-specific CD8 T cells are dependent on Ag for expansion, but not for long-term maintenance. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the expansion and maintenance components of the Q9:VP2.139-specific T cell response are differentially dependent on CD4 T cell help and CD28 costimulation. Depletion of CD4+ cells and CD28/CD40L blockade impaired expansion of Q9:VP2.139-specific CD8 T cells, and intrinsic CD28 signaling was sufficient for expansion. In contrast, CD4 T cell insufficiency, but not CD28/CD40L blockade, resulted in a decline in frequency of Q9:VP2.139-specific CD8 T cells during the maintenance phase. These results indicate that the Q9:VP2.139-specific CD8 T cell response to mouse polyomavirus infection depends on CD4 T cell help and CD28 costimulation for inflationary expansion, but only on CD4 T cell help for maintenance.
A Panoptic Study of Corruption
Authors: Gofur Abdul 
Published: March 2012

The English criminal law of ‘corruption’ is a partnership of common law and statutory offences. They are united insofar as they both view corruption as a violation of the duty of loyalty which exists between an ‘agent’ and her ‘principal’. This model, more commonly known as ‘the duty model’, underpins the English criminal law of corruption. It rests on the belief that corruption (in its many guises) is objectionable because it causes an agent to act contrary to the interests of her principal. This is the fundamental harm in corruption according to the duty model.
Investigations into Library Web-Scale Discovery Services
Authors: Vaughan Jason 
Published: March 2012

Web-scale discovery services for libraries provide deep discovery to a library’s local and licensed content, and represent an evolution, perhaps a revolution, for end user information discovery as pertains to library collections. This article frames the topic of web-scale discovery, and begins by illuminating web-scale discovery from an academic library’s perspective – that is, the internal perspective seeking widespread staff participation in the discovery conversation. This included the creation of a discovery task force, a group which educated library staff, conducted internal staff surveys, and gathered observations from early adopters. The article next addresses the substantial research conducted with library vendors which have developed these services. Such work included drafting of multiple comprehensive question lists distributed to the vendors, onsite vendor visits, and continual tracking of service enhancements. Together, feedback gained from library staff, insights arrived at by the Discovery Task Force, and information gathered from vendors collectively informed the recommendation of a service for the UNLV Libraries.
Safety and efficacy of abatacept in eight rheumatoid arthritis patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Kim Paul S. , Ho Gerald Y. , Prete Pamela E. , Furst Daniel E. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectiveThere are no previous studies on the use of abatacept in patients with chronic hepatitis B. This medical record review assessed the safety and efficacy of abatacept in 8 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and chronic hepatitis B.MethodsA retrospective analysis of patients with RA and chronic hepatitis B treated with abatacept was conducted. The primary outcome was the 4‐variable Disease Activity Score in 28 joints using the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28‐ESR) at each followup visit along with markers of hepatitis B reactivation, including aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and hepatitis B viral load.ResultsA total of 47 visit data points were recorded. The mean ± SD duration of followup of patients receiving abatacept was 19.1 ± 12.7 months (range 3–33 months). Analysis was limited to 18 months of followup (included 77% of all visits [36 of 47]). Four patients were started on antiviral prophylaxis for hepatitis B with the initiation of abatacept, while 4 patients were not. Among the 4 patients who received antiviral prophylaxis, RA improved as evidenced by a statistically significant decrease in DAS28‐ESR scores, and none had reactivation of hepatitis B. In the 4 patients without antiviral prophylaxis, there was no significant decrease in the DAS28‐ESR scores and all 4 experienced reactivation of hepatitis B. There were no adverse events other than the hepatitis B reactivation.ConclusionUse of abatacept in patients with RA and chronic hepatitis B appears feasible if antiviral prophylaxis for hepatitis B is given concurrently. In these patients there were no non–hepatitis‐related adverse effects. These data are encouraging and should lead to initiation of controlled trials of abatacept in hepatitis B.
Self‐rated health and symptomatic knee osteoarthritis over three years: Data from a multicenter observational cohort study
Authors: Riddle Daniel L. , Dumenci Levent 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo determine if a previously published model of the influence of self‐rated health on physical, mental, and social health among patients with joint replacement surgery could be generalized to persons with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (OA). Our second purpose was to determine if self‐rated health mediated changes in physical, mental, and social health.MethodsPersons with symptomatic knee OA (n = 1,127) who participated in the Osteoarthritis Initiative study completed the required measures at baseline and at 1‐, 2‐, and 3‐year intervals. The key variable of interest was a single‐item self‐rated health measure. In addition, measures of physical, mental, and social health and a set of covariate measures over the 3‐year period were analyzed. Structural equation modeling was used to test interrelationships among variables, as well as predictive and mediational relationships among self‐rated health and mental, physical, and social health after adjusting for baseline covariates.ResultsThe full model demonstrated good statistical fit. Prior self‐rated health consistently predicted current mental health and social health. Prior social health predicted current self‐rated health. Self‐rated health also mediated changes in mental health and social health. Only social health changes were mediated by self‐rated health over all time periods.ConclusionSelf‐rated health predicts a variety of outcomes of symptomatic knee OA. In addition, self‐rated health mediates changes in social health and mental health. The use of self‐rated health as a simple and efficient clinical assessment has potential for clinical utility because of its predictive capability and association with multiple health domains.
Engineering of Micro‐ and Nanostructured Surfaces with Anisotropic Geometries and Properties
Authors: Tawfick Sameh , De Volder Michael , Copic Davor , Park Sei Jin , Oliver C. Ryan , Polsen Erik S. , Roberts Megan J. , Hart A. John 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWidespread approaches to fabricate surfaces with robust micro‐ and nanostructured topographies have been stimulated by opportunities to enhance interface performance by combining physical and chemical effects. In particular, arrays of asymmetric surface features, such as arrays of grooves, inclined pillars, and helical protrusions, have been shown to impart unique anisotropy in properties including wetting, adhesion, thermal and/or electrical conductivity, optical activity, and capability to direct cell growth. These properties are of wide interest for applications including energy conversion, microelectronics, chemical and biological sensing, and bioengineering. However, fabrication of asymmetric surface features often pushes the limits of traditional etching and deposition techniques, making it challenging to produce the desired surfaces in a scalable and cost‐effective manner. We review and classify approaches to fabricate arrays of asymmetric 2D and 3D surface features, in polymers, metals, and ceramics. Analytical and empirical relationships among geometries, materials, and surface properties are discussed, especially in the context of the applications mentioned above. Further, opportunities for new fabrication methods that combine lithography with principles of self‐assembly are identified, aiming to establish design principles for fabrication of arbitrary 3D surface textures over large areas.
Relationship Between Structural Properties and Electrochemical Characteristics of Monolithic Carbon Xerogel‐Based Electrochemical Double‐Layer Electrodes in Aqueous and Organic Electrolytes
Authors: Zeller Mario , Lorrmann Volker , Reichenauer Gudrun , Wiener Matthias , Pflaum Jens 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe impact of the micropore width, external surface area, and meso‐/macropore size on the charging performance of electrochemical double‐layer capacitor (EDLC) electrodes is systematically investigated. Nonactivated carbon xerogels are used as model electrodes in aqueous and organic electrolytes. Monolithic porous model carbons with different structural parameters are prepared using a resorcinol‐formaldehyde‐based sol–gel process and subsequent pyrolysis of the organic precursors. Electrochemical properties are characterized by utilizing them as EDLC half‐cells operated in aqueous and organic electrolytes, respectively. Experimental data derived for organic electrolytes reveals that the respective ions cannot enter the micropores within the skeleton of the meso‐ and macroporous carbons. Therefore the total capacitance is limited by the external surface formed by the interface between the meso‐/macropores and the microporous carbon particles forming the xerogel skeleton. In contrast, for aqueous electrolytes the total capacitance solely depends on the total surface area, including interfaces at the micropore scale. For both types of electrolytes the charging rate of the electrodes is systematically enhanced when increasing the diameter of the carbon xerogel particles from 10 to 75 nm and the meso‐/macropore size from 10 to 121 nm.
Catalytic Influence of Various Cerium Precursors on the Hydrogen Sorption Properties of NaAlH4
Authors: Hu Jianjiang , Ren Shuhua , Witter Raiker , Fichtner Maximilian 
Published: March 2012

AbstractSodium alanate (NaAlH4) is one of the metal complex hydrides most often investigated for use as a hydrogen‐storage material. Doped with transition or rare earth metal compounds, NaAlH4 can absorb and release hydrogen in low and medium temperature ranges with excellent reversibility and cycling stability. The properties of NaAlH4 doped with CeCl3 differ from materials with other dopants, with faster sorption kinetics and a more stable capacity. In this paper, various precursors of Ce are applied to investigate their catalytic effects on the sorption performance of this material. The re‐hydrogenation is found to be completed in approximately 10 min. Although all the Ce precursors investigated in this work result in reversible hydrogen storage materials, desorption kinetics are enhanced upon formation of cerium aluminide (CeAl4) in the composites. While the use of CeAl4 instead of CeCl3 can increase the hydrogen capacity by bypassing the formation of the ineffective NaCl, the highest capacity of 4.9 wt%—close to the theoretical value—is obtained from NaAlH4 doped directly with metallic cerium. Furthermore, dehydriding under back pressures is also investigated to evaluate the H2 desorption rates under practical conditions. At 3 bar H2 pressure, the second desorption step of NaAlH4 is fully suppressed at 150 °C and only 2.5 wt% H was released, whereas at 180 °C the capacity is not much affected, which is interesting for combination in a system with a high‐temperature PEM fuel cell.
Cerebrospinal fluid volume replacement following large endoscopic anterior cranial base resection
Authors: Blount Angela , Riley Kristen , Cure Joel , Woodworth Bradford A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackground:Large endoscopic skull‐base resections often result in extensive postoperative pneumocephalus secondary to copious evacuation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during the procedures. Replacing CSF lost during craniotomy with saline is a common technique in neurosurgery, but is difficult after extensive transnasal resection of the anterior cranial base because direct transnasal CSF augmentation will escape until the skull base reconstruction is sealed. The present study evaluated the effectiveness of intraoperative CSF volume replacement via lumbar drains on improving postoperative outcomes.Methods:Ten large endoscopic anterior skull‐base resections (>2.5 cm) were performed from 2008 to 2011. Sellar, parasellar, and transplanum resections were excluded. Etiologies included esthesioneuroblastoma (2), squamous cell carcinoma (2), intracranial dermoid (2), adenocarcinoma (1), adenoid cystic carcinoma (1), melanoma (1), and meningioma (1). Six patients were administered preservative‐free normal saline via lumbar drain during skull‐base reconstruction. Data collected included volume of postoperative pneumocephalus, intravenous pain medicine requirements 24 hours after surgery, and length of hospital stay.Results:Volume of pneumocephalus (4.78 cm vs 12.8 cm3, p = 0.04) and length of hospital stay (2.17 days vs 8.5 days, p = 0.03) were significantly decreased in the normal saline volume replacement group. Average intravenous pain medication requirements were reduced in the first 24 hours postoperatively (8 mg morphine vs 14 mg morphine, p = 0.25), but did not reach statistical significance.Conclusion:Evacuation of intracranial air by transthecal administration of saline during reconstruction of large anterior cranial base defects was an effective technique to decrease postoperative pneumocephalus and length of hospital stay. Further evaluation is warranted. © 2012 ARS‐AAOA, LLC.
Endonasal repair of septal perforations using a rotational mucosal flap and acellular dermal interposition graft
Authors: Chhabra Nipun , Houser Steven M. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackground:The closure of nasal septal perforations can be challenging based on the etiology, location, and method of closure. We report on a novel method of closure for nasal septal perforations using a unilateral mucosal rotational flap and acellular dermal interposition graft.Methods:Twenty patients with nasal septal perforations of various etiologies underwent our method of repair through a closed, endonasal approach.Results:Out of 20 patients, 17 demonstrated successful closure of their septal perforations, consistent with an 85% success rate. Based upon size, closure rates were 89% for small perforations (<1 cm), 80% for medium perforations (1‐2 cm), and complete closure for a single large perforation (>2 cm). Of 20 patients, 19 were completely asymptomatic following surgical intervention, and of the 3 with failed repairs, only 1 patient required revision surgery for persistent symptoms.Conclusion:Nasal septal perforations may cause bothersome symptoms and present a significant reconstructive challenge. Native septal tissue is advantageous due to a rich vascular supply and proximity to the defect, while interposition grafts act as a scaffold for the migration of respiratory mucosa. The method described herein combines these principles to provide a suitable technique for the closure of nasal septal perforations. ©2012 ARSAAOA, LLC.
Freestanding chemiresistive polymer composite ribbons as high‐flux sensors
Authors: Benz Marcel , Patel Sanjay V. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractChemiresistive polymer composite ribbons that function as chemical detectors were produced from solution‐cast films of polymers and carbon composites. An array with multiple polymer sensor threads was exposed to dimethyl methyl phosphonate, a nerve agent simulant, and different interferents in the vapor phase. Principal component analysis was used to differentiate between the analytes. The response of the ribbon sensors as a function of the carbon composite and the host polymer source was investigated. The freestanding threads/sensors were mounted into a cell perpendicular to the gas flow to provide little pressure drop and were imbedded into fabrics to provide an example of a small, low‐cost, wearable chemical sensor. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Correlation of the structure, properties, and antimicrobial activity of a soluble thiolated chitosan derivative
Authors: Han Bing , Wei Yan , Jia Xiaolong , Xu Juan , Li Gang 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA thiolated chitosan (CS) derivative was synthesized by the introduction of thioglycolic acid to CS via amide‐bond formation mediated by carbodiimide. The chemical structure of the CS derivative was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and 1H‐NMR spectroscopy. The solubility test showed that the thiolated CS derivative was water‐soluble. The X‐ray pattern of the CS derivative showed an obvious disappearance or shift of crystalline peaks compared to that of CS. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the degradation peak temperature of the thiolated CS derivative was much higher than that of CS and implied an improved thermal stability at higher temperatures. Moreover, the antimicrobial activity of the thiolated CS derivative was comparable to that of CS. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Potassium persulfate‐mediated preparation of conducting polypyrrole/polyacrylonitrile composite fibers: Humidity and temperature‐sensing properties
Authors: Acar Handan , Karakışla Meral , Saçak Mehmet 
Published: March 2012

AbstractConducting polypyrrole (PPy)/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) composite fibers were prepared by the polymerization of pyrrole in the presence of PAN fibers with potassium persulfate in an acidic aqueous solution. We obtained composite fibers containing concentrations of PPy as high as 1.14% and having surface resistivities as low as 0.6 kΩ/cm2 by changing the polymerization parameters, including the temperature and concentrations of pyrrole and oxidant. The tensile strength of 10.02 N/m2 and breaking elongation of 32.68% for the pure PAN fiber increased up to 10.45 N/m2 and 33.23%, respectively, for the composite fiber containing 0.13% PPy. The change in the resistivity of the PPy/PAN composite fiber during heating–cooling cycles in the temperature range of +5 to 120°C was examined. Scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy images of the composite fibers showed that the PPy coating was restricted to the surfaces of the PAN fibers. Surface resistivity measurements, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis techniques were also used to characterize the composite fibers. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Surface modification of PVDF membranes with sulfobetaine polymers for a stably anti‐protein‐fouling performance
Authors: Li Qian , Zhou Bo , Bi Qiu‐Yan , Wang Xiao‐Lin 
Published: March 2012

AbstractTwo sulfobetaine‐based zwitterionic monomers, including 3‐(methacryloylamino) propyl‐dimethyl‐(3‐sulfopropyl) ammonium hydroxide (MPDSAH) and 2‐(methacryloyloxyethyl) ethyl‐dimethyl‐(3‐sulfopropyl) ammonium (MEDSA) were successfully grafted from poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) hollow fiber membrane outside surface via chemical activation and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The ATRP time at 2 h under the 2 mol/L of zwitterionic monomers was the minimum period for the complete coverage of grafted sulfobetaine polymers on the PVDF membrane surface. The surface hydrophilicity of the sulfobetaine‐modified PVDF membranes was significantly enhanced. The poly‐MPDSAH‐g‐PVDF (GA: 247 μg/cm2) and poly‐MEDSA‐g‐PVDF membranes (GA: 338 μg/cm2) efficiently resisted to the adsorption of both negative and positive charged proteins, and showed excellent anti‐protein‐fouling performance with flux recovery ratio (RFR) higher than 90% and total fouling (RT) less than 25% during the cyclic filtration of bovine serum albumin solution. After cleaned in membrane cleaning solution for 12 days, the grafted MPDSAH layer on PVDF membrane could maintain without change, however, the poly‐MEDSA‐g‐PVDF membrane lost the grafted MEDSA layer. Therefore, the amide group of sulfobetaine, which made a great contribution to the higher hydrophilicity and stability, was significant in modifying the PVDF membrane for a stably anti‐protein‐fouling performance. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012