bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain network changes and cognitive function after cardiac arrest
Authors: Zarifkar Pardis , Wagner Mette Kirstine , Fisher Patrick MacDonald , Stenbæk Dea Siggaard , Berg Selina Kikkenborg , Knudsen Gitte Moos , Benros Michael E , Kondziella Daniel , Hassager Christian 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Survival rates after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest have improved over the past two decades. Despite this progress, long-term cognitive impairment remains prevalent even in those with early recovery of consciousness after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest; however, little is known about the determinants and underlying mechanisms. We utilized the REcovery after cardiac arrest surVIVAL cohort of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors who fully regained consciousness to correlate cognition measurements with brain network changes using resting-state functional MRI and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment at hospital discharge and a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment at three-month follow-up. About half of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors displayed cognitive impairments at discharge, and in most, cognitive deficits persisted at three-month follow-up, particularly in the executive and visuospatial functions. Compared to healthy controls, out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors exhibited increased connectivity between resting-state networks, particularly involving the frontoparietal network. The increased connectivity between the frontoparietal and visual networks was associated with less favourable cognitive outcomes (β = 14.0, P = 0.01), while higher education seemed to confer some cognitive protection (β = −2.06, P = 0.03). In sum, the data highlight the importance of subtle cognitive impairment, also in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors who are eligible for home discharge, and the potential of functional MRI to identify alterations in brain networks correlating with cognitive outcomes.
Awareness of strengths and weaknesses of cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging: results from a questionnaire survey
Authors: Zieschang Victoria , Beyer Rebecca Elisabeth , Müller Maximilian Leo , Trautmann Frederike , Kühne Titus , Nagel Eike , Rolf Andreas , Schuster Andreas , Korosoglou Grigorios , Steen Henning , Yilmaz Ali , Petersen Steffen E , Remppis Bjoern Andrew , Thiede Gisela , Nolden Anna Clara , Kelle Sebastian 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Aims
Extensive research has established cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) as a powerful tool for diagnosing and monitoring various cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, CMR has yet to reach its full potential in routine clinical care, which is mainly due to reimbursement issues. Among other factors, overcoming this gap requires adequate awareness among healthcare professionals and potential patients, the extent of which is currently unknown. Therefore, we conducted a survey to assess awareness and identify knowledge gaps regarding the clinical role and socio-economic factors associated with CMR.

Methods and results
One hundred forty-four subjects not involved in direct patient care were enrolled at a German health conference and completed a 24-item survey, including procedural, clinical, and socio-economic questions about CMR. Respondents were well aware of the socio-economic impact of CVD. Common CMR indications were correctly identified by most participants, but only 22.9% knew the full spectrum. Participants underestimated the modality’s benefits, such as absence of ionizing radiation and rare allergic reactions to contrast agents (only 70.9% and 37.6% correct answers, respectively). Respondents estimated the therapeutic guidance of CMR to be high (50.7% voted impact &gt; 50%) and the annual demand to be increasing (89.9%). Attitudes towards CMR were generally positive, with 77.1% of participants willing to travel &gt;25 km and 60.4% willing to pay &gt;125 Euros to have a CMR examination.

Conclusion
Despite great interest in CMR, significant knowledge gaps hinder its optimal use in clinical practice. The development and implementation of awareness and education strategies are needed to realize the full clinical potential of CMR.
Core outcome set for cardio-oncology: development of a set of outcomes for the cardiovascular assessment and monitoring of cancer patients and survivors
Authors: Manderlier Bénédicte , von Kemp Berlinde , Beeckman Katrien , Cosyns Bernard , Van den Bussche Karen ,   cardio-oncology expert panel, Clark Robyn A , Foote Jonathon , Hendriks Jeroen , Gevaert Sofie , Moonen Marie , Nijst Petra , De Bolle Julie , Luchian Maria Luiza , Van der Hoogerstraete Marc , De Dobbeleer Mathilde , De Laet Nancy , Thavendiranathan Paaladinesh , Borregaard Britt , Thuny Franck , Cautela Jennifer , Ederhy Stephane , Venturini Elio , de Boer Rudolf , Teske Arco , Koop Yvonne , Szmit Sebastian , López Teresa , Zamorano Jose L , Hema Andrii , Lyon Alexander 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Aims
There is an increasing awareness of the evidence-based selection of outcomes to be measured in clinical trials and clinical practice. Currently, there is no core outcome set (COS) for cardio-oncology, which may hinder the (inter)national comparison of the effectiveness of research and the quality of cardio-oncology care. The aim of this study is to develop a standard and pragmatic patient-centred outcome set to assess and monitor cancer patients and survivors at risk of or with cardiovascular diseases.

Methods and results
A list of outcome domains was generated through a review of registries and guidelines, and six patient interviews. The project team reviewed and refined the outcome domains prior to starting a two-round Delphi procedure conducted between January and June 2022. The panellists, including healthcare providers and researchers, were invited to rate the importance of the outcomes. Twenty-six experts from 11 countries rated a list of 93 outcomes (round 1) and 63 outcomes (round 2) to gain consensus on a list of outcome measures, and of demographic factors, health status, and treatment variables. The final COS includes 15 outcome measures, reflecting four core areas: life impact (n = 2), pathophysiological manifestations (n = 9), resource use/economic impact (n = 1), and mortality/survival (n = 3). Next, 6 demographic factors, 21 health status, 3 cardiovascular, and 9 cancer variables were included.

Conclusions
This is the first international development of a COS for cardio-oncology. This set aims to facilitate (inter)national comparison in cardio-oncology care, using standardized parameters and meaningful patient-centred outcomes for research and quality of care assessments.
Advertising and Content Differentiation: Evidence from YouTube
Authors: Kerkhof Anna 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Many media outlets depend on advertising revenue to finance their operations, but the effect of advertising on media outlets’ content choices is largely unexplored. This paper exploits two institutional features from YouTube to show that an exogenous increase in the feasible amount of advertising induces YouTubers to differentiate their video content from their competitors. A plausible mechanism is that YouTubers avoid competition: viewers typically perceive advertising as a nuisance and therefore as an implicit price they have to pay; thus, they could switch to a competitor if a YouTuber increased her advertising quantity. This is less likely, however, if the YouTuber differentiates her content from the mainstream and moves to a niche.
Cardioneuroablation for vasovagal syncope: insights on patients’ selection, centre settings, procedural workflow and endpoints—results from an European Heart Rhythm Association survey
Authors: Penela Diego , Berruezo Antonio , Roten Laurent , Futyma Piotr , Richter Sergio , Falasconi Giulio , Providencia Rui , Chun Julian 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Aims
Cardioneuroablation (CNA) is a catheter-based intervention for recurrent vasovagal syncope (VVS) that consists in the modulation of the parasympathetic cardiac autonomic nervous system. This survey aims to provide a comprehensive overview of current CNA utilization in Europe.

Methods and results
A total of 202 participants from 40 different countries replied to the survey. Half of the respondents have performed a CNA during the last 12 months, reflecting that it is considered a treatment option of a subset of patients. Seventy-one per cent of respondents adopt an approach targeting ganglionated plexuses (GPs) systematically in both the right atrium (RA) and left atrium (LA). The second most common strategy (16%) involves LA GP ablation only after no response following RA ablation. The procedural endpoint is frequently an increase in heart rate. Ganglionated plexus localization predominantly relies on an anatomical approach (90%) and electrogram analysis (59%). Less utilized methods include pre-procedural imaging (20%), high-frequency stimulation (17%), and spectral analysis (10%). Post-CNA, anticoagulation or antiplatelet therapy is prescribed, with only 11% of the respondents discharging patients without such medication. Cardioneuroablation is perceived as effective (80% of respondents) and safe (71% estimated &lt;1% rate of procedure-related complications). Half view CNA emerging as a first-line therapy in the near future.

Conclusion
This survey offers a snapshot of the current implementation of CNA in Europe. The results show high expectations for the future of CNA, but important heterogeneity exists regarding indications, procedural workflow, and endpoints of CNA. Ongoing efforts are essential to standardize procedural protocols and peri-procedural patient management.
Efficacy and safety of pulsed field ablation for accessory pathways: a pilot study
Authors: Shen Caijie , Jia Zhenyu , Yu Yibo , Feng Mingjun , Du Xianfeng , Fu Guohua , Yu Lipu , Wu Tao , Jiang Yongxing , Jin He , Zhuo Weidong , Gao Fang , Wang Binhao , Chen Si , Dai Jiating , Fang Renyuan , Chu Huimin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Aims
Radiofrequency ablation is used as a first-line therapy for accessory pathways (APs). However, data regarding the effects of pulsed field ablation (PFA) on APs are limited. We sought to evaluate the acute procedural and 6-month success and safety of PFA in a cohort of patients with APs.

Methods and results
A focal contact force–sensing PFA catheter was used for patients with APs. Pulsed field ablation generator generated a bipolar and biphasic waveform (±1000 V) with a duration of 100 ms from the tip of the PFA catheter. A 100% acute procedural success was achieved in 10 conscious patients with APs (7 left anterolateral, 2 left inferolateral, and 1 right posteroseptal APs) including 6 (60%) patients after an initial application. The average total ablation time was 6.3 ± 4.9 s for 4.7 ± 1.8 ablation sites (ASs), including 3.1 ± 2.4 s at targets and 3.2 ± 2.9 s at 3.2 ± 2 bolus ASs. The mean skin-to-skin time was 59.3 ± 15.5 min, and PFA catheter dwell time was 29.4 ± 7.8 min. One patient encountered transient sinus arrest during PFA due to parasympathetic overexcitation. Sinus rhythm was restored in all patients without any significant adverse events during the short-term follow-up.

Conclusion
Pulsed field ablation of APs was feasible, effective, and safe. Its efficiency was remarkable for its ultrarapid termination of AP conduction. Further studies are warranted to prove whether utilization of PFA with current parameters can extend to manifold AP ablation.
Paid Caregiving in Dementia Care Over Time: Paid Caregiver, Family Caregiver, and Geriatrician Perspectives
Authors: Reckrey Jennifer M , Watman Deborah , Perez Sasha , Franzosa Emily , Ornstein Katherine A , Tsui Emma 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives
As long-term care increasingly moves from facilities to the community, paid caregivers (e.g., home health aides, other home care workers) will play an increasingly important role in the care of people with dementia. This study explores the paid caregiver role in home-based dementia care and how that role changes over time.

Research Design and Methods
We conducted individual, longitudinal interviews with the paid caregiver, family caregiver, and geriatrician of 9 people with moderate-to-severe dementia in the community; the 29 total participants were interviewed on average 3 times over 6 months, for a total of 75 interviews. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed with structured case summaries and framework analysis.

Results
Paid caregivers took on distinct roles in the care of each client with dementia. Despite changes in care needs over the study period, roles remained consistent. Paid caregivers, family caregivers, and geriatricians described the central role of families in driving the paid caregiver role. Paid and family caregivers collaborated in the day-to-day care of people with dementia; paid caregivers described their emotional relationships with those they cared for.

Discussion and Implications
Rather than simply providing functional support, paid caregivers provide nuanced care tailored to the needs and preferences of not only each person with dementia (i.e., person-centered care), but also their family caregivers (i.e., family-centered care). Deliberate cultivation of person-centered and family-centered home care may help maximize the positive impact of paid caregivers on people with dementia and their families.
Illuminating mitochondrial translation through mouse models
Authors: Hughes Laetitia A , Rackham Oliver , Filipovska Aleksandra 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMitochondria are hubs of metabolic activity with a major role in ATP conversion by oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). The mammalian mitochondrial genome encodes 11 mRNAs encoding 13 OXPHOS proteins along with 2 rRNAs and 22 tRNAs, that facilitate their translation on mitoribosomes. Maintaining the internal production of core OXPHOS subunits requires modulation of the mitochondrial capacity to match the cellular requirements and correct insertion of particularly hydrophobic proteins into the inner mitochondrial membrane. The mitochondrial translation system is essential for energy production and defects result in severe, phenotypically diverse diseases, including mitochondrial diseases that typically affect postmitotic tissues with high metabolic demands. Understanding the complex mechanisms that underlie the pathologies of diseases involving impaired mitochondrial translation is key to tailoring specific treatments and effectively targeting the affected organs. Disease mutations have provided a fundamental, yet limited, understanding of mitochondrial protein synthesis, since effective modification of the mitochondrial genome has proven challenging. However, advances in next generation sequencing, cryoelectron microscopy, and multi-omic technologies have revealed unexpected and unusual features of the mitochondrial protein synthesis machinery in the last decade. Genome editing tools have generated unique models that have accelerated our mechanistic understanding of mitochondrial translation and its physiological importance. Here we review the most recent mouse models of disease pathogenesis caused by defects in mitochondrial protein synthesis and discuss their value for preclinical research and therapeutic development.
Coordinating mitochondrial translation with assembly of the OXPHOS complexes
Authors: Kremer Laura S , Rehling Peter 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system produces the majority of energy required by cells. Given the mitochondrion’s endosymbiotic origin, the OXPHOS machinery is still under dual genetic control where most OXPHOS subunits are encoded by the nuclear DNA and imported into mitochondria, while a small subset is encoded on the mitochondrion’s own genome, the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The nuclear and mtDNA encoded subunits must be expressed and assembled in a highly orchestrated fashion to form a functional OXPHOS system and meanwhile prevent the generation of any harmful assembly intermediates. While several mechanisms have evolved in eukaryotes to achieve such a coordinated expression, this review will focus on how the translation of mtDNA encoded OXPHOS subunits is tailored to OXPHOS assembly.
When inequality means equity: horizontal wage dispersion and the propensity to leave current employment across different organizational settings
Authors: Failla Virgilio , Foss Nicolai J , Melillo Francesca , Reichstein Toke 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Extant research holds that horizontal wage dispersion (i.e., wage dispersion within a hierarchical level in a firm) induces employees to leave their employment. Based on social comparison theory, we nuance this by theoretically and empirically uncovering contingencies under which horizontal wage dispersion is associated with employees staying in their current employment. Specifically, we focus on firm size and decentralization as relevant organizational contingencies. In large as opposed to small firms, employees’ productivity may vary significantly within hierarchical levels, causing employees to consider high horizontal wage dispersion as equitable. In decentralized firms, there is more delegation of responsibilities to employees at lower levels in the hierarchy, creating more room for individual differentiation in terms of contributions and thus legitimizing horizontal wage dispersion. Our empirical analysis based on matched employer–employee data from Denmark strongly supports our predictions. Our study reveals the organizational contingencies where horizontal wage dispersion can be used as a retention tool.
The productivity effects of labor market deregulation: evidence from German firms during 2010–2019
Authors: Sobota Vladimir C M , Storm Servaas , van Beers Cees 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In the early 2000s, the German government introduced the Hartz reforms, which deregulated German labor markets. These reforms were praised internationally as striking a balance between job growth and productivity growth. While macroeconomic research has shown that the reforms have indeed lowered German unemployment, their effects on labor productivity need to be better understood. This paper addresses the impact of temporary agency work (TAW) on German labor productivity during 2010–2019, based on data from a firm-level panel of the German Institute for Employment Research (IAB). It contributes to the rising number of firm-level studies by extending their results in a broader temporal perspective, during which TAW intensities have increased substantially, especially in TAW-using firms. The system generalized method of moment (GMM) estimations based on a firm-level data set with 13,197 observations for the period 2010–2019 show that a robust hump-shaped relationship exists between the extent of TAW and the firms’ labor productivity. We find that the increase in the use of TAWs following the Hartz reforms has, on average, positively contributed to labor productivity growth in German firms. However, the findings also show that if numerical flexibility is increased too much, productivity growth in Germany will suffer. This is particularly the case for several industrial sectors that are important in the German economy. These results are important given recent calls for more labor market flexibility to help firms grow in an increasingly turbulent global economy.
Snapshots of Ghana’s Contested Restorative Justice Programme
Authors: Afari Frank 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT∞
Ghana’s National Reconciliation Commission (NRC) was established under the administration of President John Agyekum Kufuor (2000–2008) to provide a forum for victims and perpetrators of past human rights violations to testify about their experiences. Despite increasing scholarly interest in the Commission’s work, a set of reparations that the government implemented as a preamble to the hearings remains understudied. Drawing on multi-archival sources, this article examines them, teasing out their social and cultural significance. Further, this article examines a set of witness protection provisions that the government carved out to encourage witnesses to testify, showing their impact on witnesses. This article concludes with an analysis of some coup perpetrators’ perceptions of their own blamelessness, arguing that such sentiments tend to provide the moorings for their proclivity to contest impunity, which is a challenge that truth commissions tend to face, requiring innovative approaches to public truth-telling exercises.
Fecal Microbiota and Volatile Metabolome Pattern Alterations Precede Late-Onset Meningitis in Preterm Neonates
Authors: Frerichs Nina M , Deianova Nancy , el Manouni el Hassani Sofia , Acharjee Animesh , Quraishi Mohammed Nabil , de Boode Willem P , Cossey Veerle , Hulzebos Christian V , van Kaam Anton H , Kramer Boris W , d’Haens Esther , de Jonge Wouter J , Vijlbrief Daniel C , van Weissenbruch Mirjam M , Daulton Emma , Wicaksono Alfian N , Covington James A , Benninga Marc A , de Boer Nanne K H , van Goudoever Johannes B , Niemarkt Hendrik J , de Meij Tim G J 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
The fecal microbiota and metabolome are hypothesized to be altered before late-onset neonatal meningitis (LOM), analogous to late-onset sepsis (LOS). The present study aimed to identify fecal microbiota composition and volatile metabolomics preceding LOM.

Methods
Cases and gestational age-matched controls were selected from a prospective, longitudinal preterm cohort study (born &lt;30 weeks’ gestation) at 9 neonatal intensive care units. The microbial composition (16S rRNA sequencing) and volatile metabolome (gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry [GC-IMS] and GC-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry [GC-TOF-MS]) were analyzed in fecal samples 1–10 days pre-LOM.

Results
Of 1397 included infants, 21 were diagnosed with LOM (1.5%), and 19 with concomitant LOS (90%). Random forest classification and MaAsLin2 analysis found similar microbiota features contribute to the discrimination of fecal pre-LOM samples versus controls. A random forest model based on 6 microbiota features accurately predicted LOM 1–3 days before diagnosis with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.88 (n = 147). Pattern recognition analysis by GC-IMS revealed an AUC of 0.70–0.76 (P &lt; .05) in the 3 days pre-LOM (n = 92). No single discriminative metabolites were identified by GC-TOF-MS (n = 66).

Conclusions
Infants with LOM could be accurately discriminated from controls based on preclinical microbiota composition, while alterations in the volatile metabolome were moderately associated with preclinical LOM.