bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does Trial presentation medium matter in jury simulation research? Evaluating the effectiveness of eyewitness expert testimony
Authors: Pezdek Kathy , Avila‐Mora Elizabeth , Sperry Kathryn 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis study assesses whether mock jurors' perceptions of eyewitness expert testimony vary based on the level of ecological validity—video or transcript trial presentation medium. In Experiment 1, 496 jury‐eligible mock jurors were presented a simulated trial. Each served in one condition in a 3 (no expert or eyewitness expert either with or without prosecution rebuttal witness) × 2 (trial presentation medium: Video or transcript) design. Participants were generally less certain of the defendant's guilt after the eyewitness expert testimony, and affective and cognitive ratings of the expert testimony were higher in the transcript than video condition. However, there were no significant interactions of modality with expert conditions, thus reducing concerns that jury simulation research must be conducted with live or video trials to be externally valid. Findings were replicated in Experiment 2 using the testimony of a different eyewitness expert rated to have a more dynamic communication style. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kontrollierte Oligomerisierung von Lewis‐Säure/Base‐stabilisierten Phosphanylalanen
Authors: Bodensteiner Michael , Vogel Ulf , Timoshkin Alexey Y. , Scheer Manfred 
Published: May 2009

AbstractDurch Feinabstimmung der Temperatur‐ und Lösungsmittelbedingungen gelingt die kontrollierte H2‐Eliminierung aus dem Lewis‐Säure/Base‐stabilisierten Phosphanylalan 1 (siehe Schema). Das entstehende cyclo‐Trimer 2 bildet durch weitere H2‐Eliminierung die Leiterverbindung 3. 2 und 3 sind die ersten Vertreter einer neuen Substanzklasse von 13/15‐Verbindungen ohne zusätzliche Donor‐Akzeptor‐Bindungen innerhalb des Gerüsts.magnified image
A Unified Strategy for Exceptionally High Diastereoselectivity in the Photochemical Ring Closure of Chiral Diarylethenes
Authors: Yokoyama Yasushi , Shiozawa Tatsuya , Tani Yutaka , Ubukata Takashi 
Published: May 2009

AbstractHilfreiche Umarmung: Die photochemische Cyclisierung von Diarylethenen mit zwei chiralen Seitenarmen verlief unter UV‐Bestrahlung mit bis zu 100 % de (siehe Schema). Die Einführung chiraler Seitenarme an den zu verknüpfenden Kohlenstoffzentren ist eine allgemeine Strategie für hoch diastereoselektive Diarylethen‐Cyclisierungen.magnified image
Facile Dissociation of [(LNiII)2E2] Dichalcogenides: Evidence for [LNiIIE2] Superselenides and Supertellurides in Solution
Authors: Yao Shenglai , Xiong Yun , Zhang Xinhao , Schlangen Maria , Schwarz Helmut , Milsmann Carsten , Driess Matthias 
Published: May 2009

AbstractEasy breakage to open‐shells: The diamagnetic butterfly‐like dichalcogen complexes 1 (E=Se) and 2 (E=Te) with a {NiII2E2} core, undergo facile dissociation in solution via spin crossover to give the unprecedented mononuclear paramagnetic superselenide and supertelluride species 1′ and 2′, respectively, along with the nickel(I) fragment [LNiI]; R=2,6‐diisopropylphenyl.magnified image
CH Hydroxylation Using a Heterocyclic Catalyst and Aqueous H2O2
Authors: Litvinas Nichole D. , Brodsky Benjamin H. , Du Bois J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractSubstituted benzoxathiazines function as catalysts for the selective hydroxylation of tertiary CH bonds. Mechanistic studies have revealed an unanticipated disparity between oxaziridine reactivity and catalyst performance and have given way to a new catalyst and an aqueous H2O2 reaction protocol that greatly facilitate such transformations (see scheme).magnified image
Organic Nanomaterials: Morphological Control for Charge Stabilization and Charge Transport
Authors: Pramod P. , Thomas K. George , George Manapurathu V. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractHow grows it? Organic nanostructured materials have been projected as active components in optoelectronic devices. Recent efforts in manipulating the morphology of organic nanomaterials, particularly on their size and shape, are summarized in this Focus Review. Potential application of organic nanostructured materials in charge stabilization and transporting are also discussed.magnified imageChromophoric systems with proper recognition motifs can organize into well‐defined arrays forming supramolecular assemblies and further into nanoscopic materials. The optical and electrical properties of organic nanomaterials depend upon the stacking modes of organic molecules and also on the kind of interaction between different chromophore units (such as H‐ and J‐type aggregates). These types of aggregates can dramatically alter the opto‐electronic properties of organic nanostructures. Hence efforts are currently directed towards manipulating the morphology of organic nanomaterials, particularly on their size and shape by adopting different techniques and these aspects are discussed. Recent studies have shown that such nanostructures are extremely important in the development of optoelectronic systems such as photovoltaic devices. This Focus Review also discusses the potential application of organic nanomaterials in charge stabilization and transport.
A Facile Method for Reversibly Linking a Recombinant Protein to DNA
Authors: Goodman Russell P. , Erben Christoph M. , Malo Jonathan , Ho Wei M. , McKee Mireya L. , Kapanidis Achillefs N. , Turberfield Andrew J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA simple modification allows DNA to be linked to recombinant proteins. DNA functionalized with three nitrilotriacetic acid groups forms coordination complexes with nickel ions and the His6‐tag of the recombinant protein (here, GFP). This noncovalent linkage is reversible, site‐specific and has a high (nanomolar) affinity.magnified imageWe present a facile method for linking recombinant proteins to DNA. It is based on the nickel‐mediated interaction between a hexahistidine tag (His6‐tag) and DNA functionalized with three nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) groups. The resulting DNA–protein linkage is site‐specific. It can be broken quickly and controllably by the addition of a chelating agent that binds nickel. We have used this new linker to bind proteins to a variety of DNA motifs commonly used in the fabrication of nanostructures by DNA self‐assembly.
A first‐in‐man study of percutaneous myocardial cryotreatment in nonrevascularizable patients with refractory angina
Authors: Gallo Richard , Fefer Paul , Freeman Michael , Andrew Peter , Stewart Duncan J. , Theroux Pierre , Strauss Bradley H. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractObjectives: To evaluate the safety and feasibility of myocardial cryotreatment for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and severe angina refractory to standard treatment. Background: Innovative myocardial revascularization strategies are needed for patients with CAD and severe angina uncontrolled by conventional methods. Preclinical data have demonstrated that cryotherapy can induce myocardial neovascularization through arteriogenesis. Methods: This was a two center, nonrandomized, study that enrolled 20 patients. All patients had CAD and severe angina (CCS Angina Class III or IV). Safety was the primary endpoint. Treatment involved 8–10 intramyocardial cryoapplications (at ≤−50°C), for 2 min by a specially designed percutaneous catheter at an identified ischemic area of the myocardium. Primary endpoint was safety, with secondary endpoints of angina severity, exercise tolerance, quality of life, and myocardial perfusion assessed by radionuclide scintigraphy. Results: The procedure was successful in 19 patients. There were three device‐related events, a pericardial tamponade requiring pericardiocenetesis, a clinically nonsignificant pericardial effusion, and an episode of ventricular tachycardia requiring cardioversion in one patient. Complete 12‐month follow‐up was obtained in 16 patients. Significant reduction in CCS angina scores and significant improvements in both exercise tolerance and quality of life (P < 0.05) were seen at 6 and 12‐month follow‐up. Although no significant differences were observed in myocardial perfusion in the overall group, marked improvement was detected in 8 (42%) patients. Conclusion: Cryotreatment is feasible and safe in patients with severe angina refractory to standard management. Early efficacy results are encouraging and further clinical study is warranted. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transcatheter closure of a traumatic VSD in an adult requiring an ASD occluder device
Authors: Suh William M. , Kern Morton J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractTraumatic ventricular septal defects (VSD) can occur after blunt or penetrating chest trauma or cardiac procedures. There are few publications reporting the safety and efficacy of transcatheter closure of traumatic VSDs. We report a case of a large VSD resulting from penetrating chest trauma that was not repaired at the initial surgical procedure on the disrupted right ventricle. Because of the late identification of the VSD postoperatively, transcatheter closure after the original surgical procedure was recommended and performed requiring an Amplatzer atrial septal defect occluder device because of defect size and configuration. This case describes the technique and postprocedure imaging leading to a cautionary note regarding VSD closure device techniques. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Control of Channel Size for Selective Guest Inclusion with Inlaid Anionic Building Blocks in a Porous Cationic Metal–Organic Host Framework
Authors: Chen Xu‐Dong , Wan Chong‐Qing , H.‐Y. Sung Herman , Williams Ian D. , Mak Thomas C. W. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractStep by step: By attaching anionic building blocks of variable bulk to a cationic metal–organic framework, stepwise channel‐size adjustment of the resulting porous three‐dimensional host framework is achieved (see picture). This method is a new and viable approach for materials with predesigned nanopores for application in molecular recognition and selective guest inclusion.magnified imageThrough the introduction of perfluorocarboxylates as counteranions that line the inner surface of each channel in a host cationic metal–organic open framework, stepwise channel‐size control has been realized, resulting in wide guest compatibility for [{Ag(L)(CF3CO2)}6⋅6 G]∞ (1⊃G; G=guest, L=ligand), selective guest recognition for [{Ag(L)(C2F5CO2)}6⋅4 G′]∞ (2⊃G′), and a lack of inclusion behavior for [{Ag(L)(C3F7CO2)}6]∞ (3; G and G′ represent the same or different guest molecules). The cationic frameworks in 1–3 are constructed from the linkage of hexameric inorganic–organic hybrid macrocycles through multiple argentophilic interaction plus π–π interactions between pyridyl rings and carbonyl–carbonyl interactions, to which corresponding counteranions are attached. With different anions as intrachannel arms, similar frameworks in complexes 1⊃G, 2⊃G′, and 3 exhibit percentages of guest‐accessible voids of approximately 30–35, 25, and 18 % for 1–3, respectively. The highly flexible framework 1 in 1⊃G contains stretchable channels with up to 21.7 % effective‐volume change of the solvent‐accessible void for inclusion of various guest species in the series of solvates 1 a–m. The pair of complexes 1⊃G and [Ag(L)(CF3CO2)]∞ (4), and likewise the pair 2⊃G′ and [Ag(L)(C2F5CO2)]∞ (5), are interconvertible through distinct controllable processes.
Oxidative Addition of Halogens to Homoleptic Perfluoromethyl or Perfluorophenyl Derivatives of Platinum(II): A Comparative Study
Authors: Menjón Babil , Martínez‐Salvador Sonia , Gómez‐Saso Miguel A. , Forniés Juan , Falvello Larry R. , Martín Antonio , Tsipis Athanassios 
Published: May 2009

AbstractChlorocarbon solvents (solv=CH2Cl2, CHCl3) are suggested to play an active role in the oxidative addition of halogens, X2 (X=Cl, Br, I), to homoleptic d8 perfluoromethyl and ‐phenyl platinum(II) species [Pt(RF)4]2− (RF=CF3, C6F5). The perfluoromethyl group, CF3, has been found to be considerably less prone to undergo reductive elimination processes, and is, therefore, more suitable for stabilizing organoplatinum(IV) derivatives (see scheme).magnified imageThe equilibrium geometries of the homoleptic perfluorinated organoplatinate(II) anions [Pt(CF3)4]2− and [Pt(C6F5)4]2− have been computed at the B3P86/LANL2DZ level of theory. Remarkably good agreement with the experimentally determined structures has been obtained by X‐ray diffraction methods. The reactivity of [NBu4]2[Pt(CF3)4] (1) towards halogens (Cl2, Br2, and I2) has been investigated by using a combined experimental and theoretical approach. The perfluoromethyl derivative 1 has been found to undergo clean oxidative addition of the three halogens under investigation, giving rise to [NBu4]2[trans‐Pt(CF3)4X2] (X=Cl (7), Br (10), I (13)) in a quantitative and stereoselective way. In the low‐temperature reaction of the perfluorophenyl derivative [NBu4]2[Pt(C6F5)4] (3) with Cl2 or Br2, the corresponding oxidative‐addition products [NBu4]2[trans‐Pt(C6F5)4X2] (X=Cl (14), Br (15)) can also be obtained. In the case in which X=Br and working in CHCl3 at −55 °C, it has been possible to detect the formation of an intermediate species to which we assign the formula [trans‐Pt(C6F5)4Br(ClCHCl2)]− (16). The solvento complex 16 is thermally unstable and prone to undergo reductive elimination of C6F5C6F5. In the presence of PhCN, complex [NBu4][trans‐Pt(C6F5)4Br(NCPh)] (17) was isolated and structurally characterized. The reaction of 3 with I2 gave no organoplatinum(IV) compound. Our comparative study reveals that the CF3 group is especially suited to stabilize organometallic compounds in high oxidation states. This ability can be attributed to a combination of factors: its hardness, its high group electronegativity, its small size, and its reluctance to undergo reductive elimination processes.
First Isolation and Spectroscopic Observation of Thiofulminic acid (HCNS)
Authors: Pasinszki Tibor , Krebsz Melinda , Bazsó Gábor , Tarczay György 
Published: May 2009

AbstractFor the first time: Thiofulminic acid (HCNS), the parent member of the nitrile sulfide family of reactive intermediates and potential interstellar species, was produced and characterized by IR spectroscopy for the first time. HCNS was generated in cryogenic matrices by 254 nm UV irradiation of 1,2,5‐thiadiazole (see figure).magnified image
p75 Neurotrophin receptor is implicated in the ability of neurotrophin‐3 to negatively modulate activated ERK1/2 signaling in TrkA‐expressing adult sensory neurons
Authors: Wilson‐Gerwing Tracy D. , Johnston Jayne M. , Verge Valerie M.K. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractNeurotrophin‐3 (NT‐3) can negatively modulate trkA and associated phenotype in intact sensory neurons, while positively regulating trkC and associated phenotype. How NT‐3 effects this response is not clear. Whether NT‐3 exerts a differential influence on levels of activated ERK1/2 signaling in trkA‐ versus trkC‐mRNA‐positive subpopulations of neurons and the role that the common neurotrophin receptor, p75NTR, plays in this response was assessed by examining alterations in the levels of phospho‐ERK1/2 immunofluorescence signal over nuclei of sensory neurons expressing trkA alone, trkC alone, or both trkA and trkC mRNA. NT‐3 intrathecal infusion differentially modulated nuclear phospho‐ERK1/2 levels detected over neurons expressing trkA alone or trkC alone. Levels were significantly decreased over nuclei of neurons expressing trkA alone and significantly increased over the nuclei of neurons expressing trkC alone. Neurons expressing both trkA and trkC or neurons expressing neither trkA nor trkC had no significant alteration in phospho‐ERK1/2. Antisense oligonucleotides directed against p75NTR were infused intrathecally with or without NT‐3 infusion to examine the impact of suppressing p75NTR expression on the ability of NT‐3 to diminish phospho‐ERK1/2 signaling in neurons expressing only trkA. NT‐3 did not significantly attenuate levels of phospho‐ERK1/2 when p75NTR expression was suppressed by antisense infusion, despite being able to do so when NT‐3 was infused alone. In conclusion, NT‐3's ability to negatively modulate ERK1/2 signaling in a p75‐dependent manner in sensory neurons that express trkA to the exclusion of trkC provides a feasible mechanism by which it negatively modulates other aspects of nociceptive phenotype in these neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 516:49–58, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dendritic synthesis and release of the neuropeptide galanin: Morphological evidence from studies on rat locus coeruleus neurons
Authors: Vila‐Porcile Évelyne , Xu Zhi‐Qinq David , Mailly Philippe , Nagy Frédéric , Calas André , Hökfelt Tomas , Landry Marc 
Published: May 2009

AbstractDendritic synthesis and release of neuropeptides have been demonstrated in hypothalamic neurosecretory neurons. Here we tested whether this mechanism may be applicable to galanin in rat locus coeruleus (LC) neurons. Light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry demonstrated the occurrence of galanin peptide in secretory granules within dendritic processes. In situ hybridization at the light and electron microscopic level showed galanin mRNA in these LC processes. Moreover, the levels of the transcript and its extension into the dendrites were significantly increased by reserpine treatment. Finally, evidence for exocytotic release from large dense‐core vesicles in LC dendrites was obtained by using tannic acid‐treated slices. Taken together, these results indicate that galanin can be synthesized in, and possibly released from, LC. These data support a key function of the neuropeptide galanin as an auto‐paracrine local modulator in a major, strongly divergent monoaminergic regulatory system. J. Comp. Neurol. 516:199–212, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ankyrin Repeat‐rich Membrane Spanning/Kidins220 protein regulates dendritic branching and spine stability in vivo
Authors: Wu Synphen H. , Arévalo Juan Carlos , Sarti Federica , Tessarollo Lino , Gan Wen‐Biao , Chao Moses V. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe development of nervous system connectivity depends upon the arborization of dendritic fields and the stabilization of dendritic spine synapses. It is well established that neuronal activity and the neurotrophin BDNF modulate these correlated processes. However, the downstream mechanisms by which these extrinsic signals regulate dendritic development and spine stabilization are less well known. Here we report that a substrate of BDNF signaling, the Ankyrin Repeat‐rich Membrane Spanning (ARMS) protein or Kidins220, plays a critical role in the branching of cortical and hippocampal dendrites and in the turnover of cortical spines. In the barrel somatosensory cortex and the dentate gyrus, regions where ARMS/Kidins220 is highly expressed, no difference in the complexity of dendritic arbors was observed in 1‐month‐old adolescent ARMS/Kidins220+/− mice compared to wild‐type littermates. However, at 3 months of age, young adult ARMS/Kidins220+/− mice exhibited decreased dendritic complexity. This suggests that ARMS/Kidins220 does not play a significant role in the initial formation of dendrites but, rather, is involved in the refinement or stabilization of the arbors later in development. In addition, at 1 month of age, the rate of spine elimination was higher in ARMS/Kidins220+/− mice than in wild‐type mice, suggesting that ARMS/Kidins220+/− levels regulate spine stability. Taken together, these data suggest that ARMS/Kidins220 is important for the growth of dendritic arbors and spine stability during an activity‐ and BDNF‐dependent period of development. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 2009
Spontaneous activity in the developing mouse midbrain driven by an external pacemaker
Authors: Rockhill Wendy , Kirkman Jennifer L. , Bosma Martha M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractCentral nervous system (CNS) development depends upon spontaneous activity (SA) to establish networks. We have discovered that the mouse midbrain has SA expressed most robustly at embryonic day (E) 12.5. SA propagation in the midbrain originates in midline serotonergic cell bodies contained within the adjacent hindbrain and then passes through the isthmus along ventral midline serotonergic axons. Once within the midbrain, the wave bifurcates laterally along the isthmic border and then propagates rostrally. Along this trajectory, it is carried by a combination of GABAergic and cholinergic neurons. Removing the hindbrain eliminates SA in the midbrain. Thus, SA in the embryonic midbrain arises from a single identified pacemaker in a separate brain structure, which drives SA waves across both regions of the developing CNS. The midbrain can self‐initiate activity upon removal of the hindbrain, but only with pharmacological manipulations that increase excitability. Under these conditions, new initiation foci within the midbrain become active. Anatomical analysis of the development of the serotonergic axons that carry SA from the hindbrain to the midbrain indicates that their increasing elongation during development may control the onset of SA in the midbrain. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 2009
A new function for LAT and CD8 during CD8‐mediated apoptosis that is independent of TCR signal transduction
Authors: Clarke Raedun L. , Thiemann Sandra , Refaeli Yosef , Werlen Guy , Potter Terry A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe majority (>95%) of thymocytes undergo apoptosis during selection in the thymus. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain how apoptosis of thymocytes that are not positively selected occurs; however, it is unknown whether thymocytes die purely by “neglect” or whether signaling through a cell‐surface receptor initiates an apoptotic pathway. We have previously demonstrated that on double positive thymocytes the ligation of CD8 in the absence of TCR engagement results in apoptosis and have postulated this is a mechanism to remove thymocytes that have failed positive selection. On mature single positive T cells CD8 acts as a co‐receptor to augment signaling through the TCR that is dependent on the phosphorylation of the adaptor protein, linker for activation of T cells (LAT). Here, we show that during CD8‐mediated apoptosis of double positive thymocytes there is an increase in the association of CD8 with LAT and an increase in LAT tyrosine phosphorylation. Decreasing LAT expression and mutation of tyrosine residues of LAT reduced apoptosis upon crosslinking of CD8. Our results identify novel functions for both CD8 and LAT that are independent of TCR signal transduction and suggest a mechanism for signal transduction leading to apoptosis upon CD8 crosslinking.
An Efficacious Protocol for 4‐Substituted 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidinones: Synthesis and Calcium Channel Binding Studies
Authors: Singh Kamaljit , Arora Divya , Falkowski Danielle , Liu Qingxin , Moreland Robert S. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractEthyl 1,2‐dihydro‐1,6‐dimethyl/6‐methyl‐2‐oxopyrimidine‐5‐carboxylates react with C‐nucleophiles as well as the anion of the enantiopure chiral auxiliary (1R,2S,5R)‐(–)‐methyl (S)‐p‐toluenesulfinate to afford 4‐substituted and enantiopure congeners of medicinally potent Biginelli dihydropyrimidinones. The calcium channel blocking activity of some of the compounds was evaluated and compared with nifedipine for their ability to relax a membrane depolarization‐induced contraction.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)