bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zinc oxide nanoparticles preserve the quality and fertility potential of rooster sperm during the cryopreservation process
Authors: Karimi‐Sabet Mohammad Javad , Khodaei‐Motlagh Mahdi , Masoudi Reza , Sharafi Mohsen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSperm cryopreservation is one of the main methods for preserving rooster sperm for artificial insemination (AI) in commercial flocks. Yet, rooster sperm is extremely susceptible to reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced during the freezing process. Oxidative stress could be prevented by using nanoparticles containing antioxidants. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONP) in rooster semen freezing extender on quality parameters and fertility potential. For this aim, semen samples were collected and diluted in Lake extenders as follows: control: Lake without ZnONP, ZnO100: Lake with 100‐μg zinc oxide (ZnO), ZnONP50: Lake with 50‐μg ZnONP, ZnONP100: Lake with 100‐μg ZnONP and ZnONP200: Lake with 200‐μg ZnONP. After freezing and thawing, sperm motility, viability, membrane integrity, morphology, mitochondrial activity, acrosome integrity, DNA fragmentation, lipid peroxidation and ROS, as well as fertility and hatchability were assessed. According to the current results, higher rates of motility, membrane integrity, mitochondrial activity, acrosome integrity and live cells were detected in the ZnO100, ZnONP50 and ZnONP100 groups compared to other groups (p ≤ .05). Yet, the percentage of dead cells, DNA fragmentation, lipid peroxidation and ROS levels were lower in the mentioned groups (p ≤ .05). Furthermore, a higher percentage of fertility was observed in the ZnO100 and ZnONP100 groups than in the control group (p ≤ .05). In conclusion, the use of 100‐μg ZnO and 50‐ to 100‐μg ZnONP represents a valuable and safe additive material that could be used to improve the quality and fertility potential of rooster sperm under cryopreservation conditions.
Responsive and responsible methodologies. Emplacing care with collaborative filmmaking
Authors: Jacobs Jessica , Salimbeni Alice 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper is a response to the call for more caring kinds of scholarly transactions that acknowledge our interdependencies. We delve into collaborative filmmaking as a method that emplaces care in a range of different ways and that highlights researcher responsibility in the fieldwork. Recognising that discussions on care and responsibility often remain abstract, we ground our exploration in a recent collaborative filmmaking research project to argue that collaborative filmmaking can challenge researcher positionality and foster a deeper understanding of power dynamics in research practice and process. Starting from existing literature that tends to oversimplify research processes due to the pressure to present ‘knowledge’, we highlight the discrepancies between polished academic presentations and the intricate and sometimes contradictory realities of fieldwork. This paper offers insights for activists and other scholars in feminist and queer geographies, emphasising the role of care in shaping academic research.
Genetic diversity, growth and heart function of Auckland Island pigs, a potential source for organ xenotransplantation
Authors: Lange Andreas , Medugorac Ivica , Ali Asghar , Kessler Barbara , Kurome Mayuko , Zakhartchenko Valeri , Hammer Sabine E. , Hauser Andreas , Denner Joachim , Dobenecker Britta , Wess Gerhard , Tan Paul L. J. , Garkavenko Olga , Reichart Bruno , Wolf Eckhard , Kemter Elisabeth 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOne of the prerequisites for successful organ xenotransplantation is a reasonable size match between the porcine organ and the recipient's organ to be replaced. Therefore, the selection of a suitable genetic background of source pigs is important. In this study, we investigated body and organ growth, cardiac function, and genetic diversity of a colony of Auckland Island pigs established at the Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), LMU Munich. Male and female Auckland Island pig kidney cells (selected to be free of porcine endogenous retrovirus C) were imported from New Zealand, and founder animals were established by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Morphologically, Auckland Island pigs have smaller body stature compared to many domestic pig breeds, rendering their organ dimensions well‐suited for human transplantation. Furthermore, echocardiography assessments of Auckland Island pig hearts indicated normal structure and functioning across various age groups throughout the study. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis revealed higher runs of homozygosity (ROH) in Auckland Island pigs compared to other domestic pig breeds and demonstrated that the entire locus coding the swine leukocyte antigens (SLAs) was homozygous. Based on these findings, Auckland Island pigs represent a promising genetic background for organ xenotransplantation.
Multi-Pass Laser Polishing of As-Built Directed Energy Deposition Surfaces
Authors: Patel Arpan , Webster Samantha , Cao Jian , Ehmann Kornel 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Laser polishing (LP) provides a fast and efficient way of remelting part surfaces manufactured by additive manufacturing to alter both their geometric as well as physical properties. Depending on the laser parameters, remelted surfaces with different properties are achieved, with a majority exhibiting lower surface roughness compared to the original surface. In this study, a high-power continuous fiber laser is used to polish Inconel 718 (IN718) surfaces produced by depositing a single layer of clads on a steel substrate by the powder-blown directed energy deposition (DED) process. Polishing was performed under different sets of parameters, namely, laser power, beam diameter, feed rate or feed, hatch spacing, and the number of polishing passes. Their effects on the surface roughness profiles and the microstructural properties of the sample cross section were analyzed after one and two polishing passes. Optical microscopic images of the sample's cross sections show the presence of supersaturated γ phase particles, γ′+γ″ precipitates, Laves phases, and δ phase needles. The combined effect of high-temperature gradients and lower solidification rates in certain regions within the cross section results in undercooled regions and pseudo-heat treatment of unmelted regions close to the undercooled regions. These results are corroborated by indenting the various regions of the IN718 sample cross section with a pyramidal diamond indenter in the form of a grid, resulting in different micro-hardness values due to different densities of precipitate and phase transformed δ particles.
Controlling
Candida
: immune regulation of commensal fungi in the gut
Authors: Jensen Owen , Trujillo Emma , Hanson Luke , Ost Kyla S. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

The intestinal microbiome harbors fungi that pose a significant risk to human health as opportunistic pathogens and drivers of inflammation. Inflammatory and autoimmune diseases are associated with dysbiotic fungal communities and the expansion of potentially pathogenic fungi. The gut is also the main reservoir for disseminated fungal infections. Immune interactions are critical for preventing commensal fungi from becoming pathogenic. Significant strides have been made in defining innate and adaptive immune pathways that regulate intestinal fungi, and these discoveries have coincided with advancements in our understanding of the fungal molecular pathways and effectors involved in both commensal colonization and pathogenesis within the gut. In this review, we will discuss immune interactions important for regulating commensal fungi, with a focus on how specific cell types and effectors interact with fungi to limit their colonization or pathogenic potential. This will include how innate and adaptive immune pathways target fungi and orchestrate antifungal immune responses, in addition to how secreted immune effectors, such as mucus and antimicrobial peptides, regulate fungal colonization and inhibit pathogenic potential. These immune interactions will be framed around our current understanding of the fungal effectors and pathways regulating colonization and pathogenesis within this niche. Finally, we highlight important unexplored mechanisms by which the immune system regulates commensal fungi in the gut.
Diagnosis, management, and outcomes of parechovirus infections in infants: an overview
Authors: Sasidharan Anjana , Harrison Christopher J. , Selvarangan Rangaraj 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Parechovirus A (PeV-A) infections have been detected with increasing frequency in US infants under 6 months of age, leading to a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) health advisory in July 2022. Clinicians are advised to consider PeV-A laboratory testing of blood and cerebrospinal fluid when infants present with unexplained fever, sepsis-like illness, or neurological issues. Clinical laboratories are encouraged to offer in-house molecular testing for PeV-A to avoid diagnostic delays, unnecessary use of antibiotics, and prolonged hospitalization of infants presenting with sepsis-like illness. While data are evolving on potential neurodevelopmental sequelae after PeV-A infant central nervous system infections, most infected infants return to baseline health for age. This review examines the PeV-A literature with a focus on PeV-A3, including aspects of epidemiology, clinical presentations/management, laboratory diagnostics, genotyping, and post-infectious sequelae related to PeV-A infections in infants.
Uncommon BK polyomaviruses detected in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant recipients
Authors: Chokshi Saagar M. , Odegard Elizabeth A. , Meeds Heidi L. , Kleiboeker Steven B. , Ziady Assem , Sabulski Anthony , Jodele Sonata , Seif Alix E. , Davies Stella M. , Laskin Benjamin L. , Blackard Jason T. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

The role of viral diversity in the pathogenesis of BK polyomavirus (BKPyV)-associated disease is poorly understood. Here, we report near full-length BKPyV genome sequences from two allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant recipients infected with BKPyV genotype II, which is uncommon in the USA.
Complete genome of
Vibrio harveyi
isolate K2014767 from the hepatopancreas of captive Caribbean spiny lobster (
Panulirus argus
)
Authors: Rose Divya , Bennett Hannah , Dill-Okubo Jennifer , Francis-Floyd Ruth , Camus Alvin C. , Waldbieser Geoffrey C. , Griffin Matt J. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

The complete genome sequence is reported for
Vibrio harveyi
isolate K2014767, isolated from a captive Caribbean spiny lobster (
Panulirus argus
) during a species-specific mortality event in a public display aquarium in the United States.
Colon microbiota and metabolite potential impact on tail fat deposition of Altay sheep
Authors: Hou Meng , Ye Mengjun , Ma Xuelian , Sun Yawei , Yao Gang , Liu Liya , Li Xin , Hu Yan , Wang Jinquan 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Tail fat deposition of Altay sheep not only increased the cost of feeding but also reduced the economic value of meat. Currently, because artificial tail removal and gene modification methods cannot solve this problem, it is maybe to consider reducing tail fat deposition from the path of intestinal microbiota and metabolite. We measured body weight and tail fat weight, collected the serum for hormone detection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and collected colon contents to 16S rRNA sequence and liquid chromotography with mass spectrometry detection to obtain colon microbiota and metabolite information, from 12 3-month-old and 6-month-old Altay sheep. Subsequently, we analyzed the correlation between colon microbiota and tail fat weight, hormones, and metabolites, respectively. We identified that the tail fat deposition of Altay sheep increased significantly with the increase of age and body weight, and the main microbiota that changed were Verrucomicrobia, Cyanobacteria,
Akkermansia
,
Bacteroides
,
Phocaeicola
,
Escherichia-Shigella
, and
Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1
. The results indicated that the diversities of metabolites in the colon contents of 3-months old and 6-months old were mainly reflected in phosphocholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in the lipid metabolism pathway. The correlations analyzed showed that Verrucomicrobia, Chlamydiae,
Akkermansia
,
Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005
,
Bacteroides
, and
Phocaeicola
were negatively correlated with tail fat deposition. Verrucomicrobia,
Akkermansia
, and
Bacteroides
were negatively correlated with growth hormone (GH). Verrucomicrobia was positively correlated with L-a-lysophosphatidylserine and PE(18:1(9Z)/0:0). Our results showed that tail fat deposition of Altay sheep was probably correlated with the abundance of Verrucomicrobia,
Akkermansia
,
Bacteroides
of colon microbiota, PC, PE of metabolites, and GH of serum.

IMPORTANCE
Excessive tail fat deposition of Altay sheep caused great economic losses, and the current research results could not solve this problem well. Now, our research speculates that the tail fat deposition of Aletay sheep may be related to the abundance of Verrucomicrobia, Akkermansia, Bacteroides, metabolites phosphocholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and growth hormone of serum. Further investigation of the interaction mechanism between these microbiota or metabolites and tail fat deposition is helpful in reducing tail fat deposition of Altay sheep and increasing the economic benefits of breeding farms.
Evolution of Silurian to Devonian magmatism associated with the Acadian orogenic cycle in eastern and southern Newfoundland Appalachians: Evidence for a three-stage evolution characterized by episodic hinterland- and foreland-directed migration of granitoid magmatism
Authors: Wang Chaoyang , Wang Tao , van Staal C.R. , Hou Zengqian , Lin Shoufa 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The migration and character of magmatism over time can provide important insights into the tectonic evolution of an orogen. We present evidence for three separate stages of compositionally distinct granitoid magmatism associated with the Acadian orogenic cycle in the eastern and southern Newfoundland Appalachians. The interpretations are based on new zircon U-Pb ages, geochemical data, and Sr-Nd-Hf-O isotopic data for 18 samples from 15 Silurian and Devonian granitoid plutons, combined with previously published data. The three stages outline hinterland- and foreland-directed migration trends and represent subduction (435–420 Ma), syncollision (415–405 Ma), and postcollision (395–370 Ma) settings in the Acadian orogenic cycle. The Silurian plutons (435–420 Ma) of the first stage consist mainly of quartz diorite, tonalite, granodiorite, monzogranite, and syenogranite, with high-K calc-alkaline and enriched Sr-Nd-Hf-O isotopic compositions (e.g., εNd[t] = −5 to −2; εHf[t] = −3 to −1; δ18O = +6‰ to +8‰). They are interpreted to record the subduction of oceanic lithosphere of the Acadian seaway that separated the leading edge of composite Laurentia, represented by the Gander margin, and Avalonia. Early Devonian plutons (415–405 Ma) of the second stage contain more voluminous monzogranite and syenogranite; they have calc-alkaline to high-K calc-alkaline features, adakite-like compositions, and more depleted Sr-Nd-Hf-O isotopic compositions (e.g., εNd[t] = −6 to 0; εHf[t] = +1 to +3; δ18O = +5‰ to +6‰). Plutons of this stage occur mostly to the northwest of the Silurian granitoids, indicating a regional-scale northwestward (hinterland-directed) migration of magmatism with a rate of &gt;9 km/m.y. The migration is interpreted to have been related to the progressive shallow underthrusting of Avalonia beneath the Gander margin (composite Laurentia) at least as far as 90 km inboard. The Middle to Late Devonian plutons of the third stage (395–370 Ma) consist mainly of monzogranite, syenogranite, and alkali-feldspar granite, which are silica- and alkali-rich granites with large negative Eu anomalies. These rocks are concentrated along both sides of the Dover–Hermitage Bay fault zone, which represents the boundary between Avalonia and composite Laurentia, to the southeast of the Silurian and Early Devonian igneous rocks. This stage of magmatism represents a foreland-directed (retreating) migration. The Early Devonian and Middle to Late Devonian episodes of magmatism were separated by a gap between 405 Ma and 395 Ma and recorded an evolution from (high-K) calc-alkaline to alkaline compositions, ascribed to partial delamination of Avalonian lithospheric mantle in a postcollisional setting.
Implementing strategies to improve uptake of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in gender-affirming care: a mixed-methods implementation study
Authors: Kamran Rakhshan , Jackman Liam , Goodwin Charlie , Laws Anna , Stepney Melissa , Harrison Conrad , Jain Abhilash , Rodrigues Jeremy 
Published: April 2024

ImportanceThe Practical Guide to Implementing PROMs in Gender-Affirming Care (PG-PROM-GAC) is an evidence-based resource, which was developed in response to international calls for improved patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) implementation in gender-affirming care. The PG-PROM-GAC has the potential to improve PROM implementation; however, its real-world effectiveness has not yet been investigated.ObjectiveInvestigate effectiveness and fidelity of three implementation strategies from the PG-PROM-GAC in a real-world gender clinic setting.DesignInterrupted time series mixed-methods study investigating response rates to a PROM deployed alongside implementation strategies from the PG-PROM-GAC; and open-ended feedback on the fidelity and effectiveness of implementation strategies.SettingParticipants were recruited from a National Health Service (NHS) gender clinic.ParticipantsEligible participants were being seen at an NHS gender clinic for an appointment during the study period, and were invited to participate in this study via email.InterventionThree implementation strategies from the PG-PROM-GAC deployed alongside a PROM.Main outcome(s) and measure(s)Response rates were calculated at 2-week intervals, in line with the deployment of each implementation strategy. Open-ended responses were thematically analysed by two researchers following guidance from implementation science and interpretation from Normalisation Process Theory.ResultsA total of 28 participants were included in this study with a mean (SD) age of 39 (17) years. In general, participants rated education material for PROMs as the most important for PROM implementation, and accessibility options for PROMs as the second most important. Response rates to PROM completion dropped as the study progressed, as the burden of reviewing implementation strategies increased. Results were used to construct recommendations for future PROM implementation efforts.Conclusions and relevanceThe PG-PROM-GAC and implementation strategy materials developed from this study (ie, educational video on PROMs co-developed with key stakeholders) can be used by clinicians, researchers and policymakers to lead PROM implementation efforts in gender-affirming care.
Programme theories to describe how different general practitioner service models work in different contexts in or alongside emergency departments (GP-ED): realist evaluation
Authors: Cooper Alison , Edwards Michelle , Davies Freya , Price Delyth , Anderson Pippa , Carson-Stevens Andrew , Cooke Matthew , Dale Jeremy , Donaldson Liam , Evans Bridie Angela , Harrington Barbara , Hepburn Julie , Hibbert Peter , Hughes Thomas C , Porter Alison , Siriwardena Aloysius Niroshan , Watkins Alan , Snooks Helen , Edwards Adrian 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundAddressing increasing patient demand and improving ED patient flow is a key ambition for NHS England. Delivering general practitioner (GP) services in or alongside EDs (GP-ED) was advocated in 2017 for this reason, supported by £100 million (US$130 million) of capital funding. Current evidence shows no overall improvement in addressing demand and reducing waiting times, but considerable variation in how different service models operate, subject to local context.MethodsWe conducted mixed-methods analysis using inductive and deductive approaches for qualitative (observations, interviews) and quantitative data (time series analyses of attendances, reattendances, hospital admissions, length of stay) based on previous research using a purposive sample of 13 GP-ED service models (3 inside-integrated, 4 inside-parallel service, 3 outside-onsite and 3 with no GPs) in England and Wales. We used realist methodology to understand the relationship between contexts, mechanisms and outcomes to develop programme theories about how and why different GP-ED service models work.ResultsGP-ED service models are complex, with variation in scope and scale of the service, influenced by individual, departmental and external factors. Quantitative data were of variable quality: overall, no reduction in attendances and waiting times, a mixed picture for hospital admissions and length of hospital stay. Our programme theories describe how the GP-ED service models operate: inside the ED, integrated with patient flow and general ED demand, with a wider GP role than usual primary care; outside the ED, addressing primary care demand with an experienced streaming nurse facilitating the ‘right patients’ are streamed to the GP; or within the ED as a parallel service with most variability in the level of integration and GP role.ConclusionGP-ED services are complex . Our programme theories inform recommendations on how services could be modified in particular contexts to address local demand, or whether alternative healthcare services should be considered.
Understanding what leaders can do to facilitate healthcare workers’ feeling valued: improving our knowledge of the strongest burnout mitigator
Authors: Stillman Martin , Sullivan Erin E , Prasad Kriti , Sinsky Christine , Deubel Jordyn , Jin Jill O , Brown Roger , Nankivil Nancy , Linzer Mark 
Published: April 2024

AimFeeling valued is a striking mitigator of burnout yet how to facilitate healthcare workers (HCWs) feeling valued has not been adequately studied. This study discovered factors relating to HCWs feeling valued so leaders can mitigate burnout and retain their workforce.MethodThe Coping with COVID-19 survey, initiated in March 2020 by the American Medical Association, was distributed to 208 US healthcare organisations. Of the respondents, 37 685 physicians, advanced practice clinicians, nurses, and other clinical staff answered questions that assessed burnout, intent to leave and whether they felt valued.Quantitative analysis looked at odds of burnout and intent to leave among the highest versus lowest feeling valued (FV) groups. Open-ended comments provided by 5559 respondents with high or low sense of FV were analysed to understand aspects of work life that contributed to FV.ResultsOf 37 685 respondents, 45% felt valued; HCWs who felt highly valued had 8.3 times lower odds of burnout and 10.2 lower odds of intent to leave than those who did not feel valued at all. Qualitative data identified six themes associated with FV: (1) physical safety, (2) compensation and pandemic-related finances, (3) transparent and frequent communication, (4) effective teamwork, (5) empathetic and respectful leaders, and (6) organisational support.ConclusionThis US study demonstrates that FV correlates with burnout and intent to leave, yet only 45% of HCWs feel valued. Six themes link to interventions leaders can follow to facilitate HCWs FV and potentially reduce burnout and increase retention for a challenged healthcare workforce.