bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proposal of evaluation test method for withstand performance under residual DC charge at GIS insulator
Authors: Kaneko Shuhei , Okabe Shigemitsu , Tsukao Shigeyuki , Kobayashi Takayuki , Nojima Kenichi , Takei Masafumi , Miyamoto Taketoshi 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn recent years, compact gas‐insulated switchgear (GIS) has been developed by rationalization of specifications. All of the GIS have been checked for passage of the AC and lightning impulse (LI) withstand test, but DC stress that occurs on an AC GIS spacer when switching devices are operated has not been sufficiently investigated. Since the electrical field strength inside a GIS tank is stronger in compact GIS, it is increasingly necessary to evaluate the withstand performance of GIS spacers under residual DC voltage. Under DC stress, electrification strengthens the electrical field strength at the creepage surface (Et) and the withstand performance of GIS spacers depends on the maximum value of Et (Etmax). When the volume resistivity at the surface layer of spacer is uneven, Et strengthens at the uneven spots. In this paper, Etmax under DC stress with uneven volume resistivity at the surface layer of the spacer is investigated, and an evaluation test method for withstand performance under residual DC charge is constructed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 179(1): 21–28, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21233
A study of current chopping characteristics in metal–carbide composite contact materials
Authors: Yamamoto Atsushi , Kusano Takashi , Okutomi Tsutomu , Yokokura Kunio , Homma Mitsutaka 
Published: January 2012

AbstractTo clarify the effect of carbides on current chopping characteristics the chopping current was evaluated for various metal–carbide contact materials. It was found that the chopping current of metal–carbide contacts was related to the vapor pressure of the metals and the work function of the carbides. It was also found that the chopping current was reduced by heat treatment when the melting point of contacts was lower than the temperature of heat treatment. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 179(1): 15–20, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21236
Synthesis, Structure and Conformation of Terphenylene‐Derived Oxacalixaromatics
Authors: Hu Wen‐Jing , Zhao Xiao‐Li , Ma Ming‐Liang , Guo Fang , Mi Xian‐Qiang , Jiang Biao , Wen Ke 
Published: January 2012

AbstractOxacalix[4]aromatics comprised of terphenylene units have been synthesized by cyclooligomerization of 5′‐tert‐butyl‐1,1′:3′,1″‐terphenyl‐4,4″‐diol (1) and electron‐deficient meta‐dihalogenated benzene and heterocycles. Single‐crystal X‐ray analysis revealed that oxacalix[2]terphenylene[2]pyrazine 13 adopts a chair conformation, forming a molecular cavity to trap an ethyl acetate guest molecule in the solid state. 1,3‐Alternate conformations are adopted by other oxacalix[2]terphenylene[2]aromatics (11, 12 and 15), which form a narrow tweezer‐like molecular cavity that is incapable of encapsulating any guest molecules.
Atomic Force Microscopy and X‐Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Lead(II) Membrane Electrode Based on Dithiodibenzoic Acid as Ionophore
Authors: Al‐Asousi Maryam F. , Bu‐Olayan Abdul Hadi , Shoukry Adel F. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe use of 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ionic liquid [C4mim][PF6] as additive in a Pb(II) plastic membrane electrode increased significantly the selectivity of the sensor. Atomic force microscopy and depth profiling X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy were applied to investigate the compositional and morphological changes of the surface and bulk of the membrane during the conditioning process of the electrode.
Quantifying the seismic response of structures with flexible diaphragms
Authors: Sadashiva Vinod K. , MacRae Gregory A. , Deam Bruce L. , Spooner Matthew S. 
Published: January 2012

SUMMARYFloor diaphragm in‐plane stiffness affects building response to horizontal ground accelerations. This paper describes a series of elastic and inelastic time history analyses of symmetric structures with different deformation types, configurations and heights to quantify these effects. It is shown that displacements of single storey elastically responding structures tend to be most significantly affected by diaphragm flexibility. Analyses of these structures were cross‐verified by a closed‐form mechanics‐based formulation developed to describe the response. Simple relationships were proposed to allow designers to conservatively estimate the increase in peak in‐plane displacement resulting from diaphragm flexibility. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mitotic recombination of chromosome arm 17q as a cause of loss of heterozygosity of NF1 in neurofibromatosis type 1‐associated glomus tumors
Authors: Stewart Douglas R. , Pemov Alexander , Van Loo Peter , Beert Eline , Brems Hilde , Sciot Raf , Claes Kathleen , Pak Evgenia , Dutra Amalia , Richard Lee Chyi‐Chia , Legius Eric 
Published: January 2012

AbstractNeurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a common, autosomal dominant, tumor‐predisposition syndrome that arises secondary to mutations in NF1. Glomus tumors are painful benign tumors that originate from the glomus body in the fingers and toes due to biallelic inactivation of NF1. We karyotyped cultures from four previously reported and one new glomus tumor and hybridized tumor (and matching germline) DNA on Illumina HumanOmni1‐Quad SNP arrays (∼1 × 106 SNPs). Two tumors displayed evidence of copy‐neutral loss of heterozygosity of chromosome arm 17q not observed in the germline sample, consistent with a mitotic recombination event. One of these two tumors, NF1‐G12, featured extreme polyploidy (near‐tetraploidy, near‐hexaploidy, or near‐septaploidy) across all chromosomes. In the remaining four tumors, there were few cytogenetic abnormalities observed, and copy‐number analysis was consistent with diploidy in all chromosomes. This is the first study of glomus tumors cytogenetics, to our knowledge, and the first to report biallelic inactivation of NF1 secondary to mitotic recombination of chromosome arm 17q in multiple NF1‐associated glomus tumors. We have observed mitotic recombination in 22% of molecularly characterized NF1‐associated glomus tumors, suggesting that it is a not uncommon mechanism in the reduction to homozygosity of the NF1 germline mutation in these tumors. In tumor NF1‐G12, we hypothesize that mitotic recombination also “unmasked” (reduced to homozygosity) a hypomorphic germline allele in a gene on chromosome arm 17q associated with chromosomal instability, resulting in the extreme polyploidy. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The impact of the genetic background on the genome make‐up of tumor cells
Authors: Falck Eva , Behboudi Afrouz , Klinga‐Levan Karin 
Published: January 2012

AbstractEndometrial adenocarcinoma (EAC) is the most common form of malignancy in the female genital tract, ranking as the fourth leading form of invasive tumors that affect women. The BDII inbred rat strain has been used as a powerful tumor model in studies of the genetic background of EAC. Females from the BDII strain are prone to develop tumors with an incidence of more than 90%. Development of EAC in BDII female rats has similarities in pathogenesis, histopathological, and molecular properties to that of human, and thus represents a unique model for analysis of EAC tumorigenesis and for comparative studies in human EACs. In a previous study, a set of rat EAC cell lines derived from tumors developed in female crossprogenies between BDII and nonsusceptible rat strains were analyzed by spectral karyotyping (SKY). Here we present an analysis with specific focus on the impact of different genetic backgrounds on the rate and occurrence of genetic aberrations in experimental tumors using data presented in the previous report. We could reveal that the ploidy state, and the abundance and type of structural as well as numerical change differed between the two genetic setups. We have also identified chromosomes harboring aberrations independent of genetic input from the nonsusceptible strains, which provide valuable information for the identification of the genes involved in the development of EAC in the BDII model as well as in human endometrial tumors. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Suicidal thoughts and behaviors in older adults in rural China: a preliminary study
Authors: Chiu H. F. K. , Dai J. , Xiang Y. T. , Chan S. S. M. , Leung T. , Yu X. , Hou Z. J. , Ungvari G. S. , Caine E. D. 
Published: January 2012

BackgroundOne purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility of conducting epidemiological survey on suicidal thoughts and behaviors (hereafter “suicidal thoughts/behaviors”; i.e., any suicidal ideation, serious ideation, planning, and attempts) among older adults in rural China. Another purpose was to investigate among older people in rural China the prevalence of suicidal thoughts/behaviors, as well as their sociodemographic and clinical correlates.MethodsA randomly selected sample of 263 subjects, 50 years or older, was recruited in a remote rural area of Southwestern China (Mianyang Region, Sichuan Province) and interviewed using structured instruments. Basic sociodemographic and clinical data were collected.ResultsThere was no refusal among approached subjects, and subjects were willing to answer questions on suicidal thoughts/behaviors. The lifetime prevalence of suicidal ideation, serious ideation, planning, and attempt was 28.9% (23.4%–34.4%), 19.7% (14.9%–24.6%), 11.4% (7.5%–15.3%), and 5.3% (2.6%–8.1%), respectively. The corresponding 12‐month prevalence was 8.8% (5.3%–12.2%), 5.3% (2.6%–8.1%), 2.7% (0.7%–4.6%), and 0%, respectively. The 2‐week prevalence was 3.4% (1.2%–5.6%), 2.3% (0.5%–4.1%), 2.3% (0.5%–4.1%), and 0%, respectively. Correlates of suicidal thoughts/behaviors of this group are similar to findings from other community studies, such as female gender, unmarried status, major medical conditions, insomnia, financial difficulties and lower education, depressive symptoms, recent stressful life events, greater life dissatisfaction.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that larger scale epidemiological survey of suicidal thoughts/behaviors on older adults in rural China would be feasible. Suicidal thoughts/behaviors are common among older people in rural China, as seen in this preliminary study, which points to the need for further larger scale investigations. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Novel Method for the Production of Glycosphingolipids
Authors: Shimura Yumiko , Suzuki Junya , Kasuya Maria Carmelita Z. , Matsuoka Koji , Hatanaka Kenichi 
Published: January 2012

AbstractNeolacto‐series ganglioside sialylparagloboside (SPG) is a ganglioside species present in various human tissues, and used in many important studies. In this study, four ganglioside analogs, GM3, GD3, SPG, and NeuAc‐Gal‐GlcNAc‐Gal‐GlcNAc‐Gal‐Glc‐Cer, were synthesized by the saccharide‐primer method using MDCK cells and β‐lactoside primer with different aglycons. As compared to former methods for producing SPG, the primer method was rapid and convenient. Moreover, the yield of SPG was much higher than that obtained by former methods. The production of gangliosides with an azido group in the aglycon moiety was also achieved by using MDCK cells.
Facile Synthesis, Single‐Crystal Structure, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Pyrazolo[5,1‐d][1,2,5]triazepin‐4‐ones
Authors: Zheng Liang‐Wen , Xuan Hong‐Zhuan , Liu Ying‐Rui , Zhao Bao‐Xiang , Liu Jin‐Ting , Miao Jun‐Ying 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA facile ring‐enlargement reaction of 2,6‐diphenyl‐4H‐pyrazolo[5,1‐c][1,4]oxazin‐4‐one is described, generating the pyrazolo[5,1‐d][1,2,5]triazepin‐4‐ones in good yields. Structures of the prepared compounds were determined on the basis of IR, 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR, and HR‐MS data. Moreover, the molecular structure was confirmed by the X‐ray crystal‐structure analysis of one compound that was prone to crystallization. Preliminary biological evaluation showed that the compounds 2e–2h promote the viability and inhibit the apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells at low concentration.
Microwave‐Assisted Stereoselective 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of C,N‐Diarylnitrone (i.e., N‐(Arylmethylidene)benzenamine N‐Oxide) and Bis(arylmethylidene)acetone (=1,5‐Diarylpenta‐1,4‐dien‐3‐one): NMR and Crystal Analysis of Diastereoisomeric Bis(isoxazolidines)
Authors: Paul Nidhin , Kaladevi Selvam , Muthusubramanian Shanmugam 
Published: January 2012

AbstractMicrowave‐assisted stereoselective 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of C,N‐diarylnitrones (i.e., N‐(arylmethylidene)benzenamine N‐oxides) 2 to substituted bis(arylmethylidene)acetones (=1,5‐diarylpenta‐1,4‐dien‐3‐ones) 1 leading to diastereoisomer pairs of bis‐isoxazolidines 3 and 4 in good to excellent yield is described (Scheme 2 and Table 2). The configuration outcome of the reaction is discussed based on the NMR and X‐ray data of the products.
A Novel and Efficient Synthesis of Pyrido[1,2‐a]‐Fused 1,3‐Diazaheterocyclic Compounds via a One‐Pot Three‐Component Reaction
Authors: Alizadeh Abdolali , Rezvanian Atieh 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAn efficient one‐pot synthesis of pyrido[1,2‐a]‐fused 1,3‐diazaheterocyclic compounds by three‐component reaction of diamine, nitroketene dithioacetal (=1,1‐bis(methylsulfanyl)‐2‐nitroethene), and electron‐poor itaconic anhydride (=2‐methylidenesuccinic anhydride=2‐methylidenebutanedioic anhydride) in aqueous EtOH is reported. This protocol has the advantages of easiness, higher yields, and shorter reaction times. The structures were corroborated spectroscopically (IR, 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR, and EI‐MS) and by elemental analyses. A plausible mechanism for this type of cyclization is proposed (Scheme 2).
New Quinic Acid Derivatives from Hepatoprotective Inula crithmoides Root Extract
Authors: Ela Maha A. Aboul , El‐Lakany Abdalla M. , Abdel‐Kader Maged S. , Alqasoumi Saleh I. , Shams‐El‐Din Safa M. , Hammoda Hala M. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractFractionation directed by hepatoprotective activity of Inula crithmoides L. root resulted in the isolation of two new quinic acid derivatives, 3,5‐di‐O‐caffeoylquinic acid 1‐methyl ether (I; caffeoyl=(E)‐3‐(3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)prop‐2‐enoyl; quinic acid=1,3,4,5‐tetrahydroxycyclohexanecarboxylic acid) and 4,5‐di‐O‐caffeoylquinic acid 1‐methyl ether (II), in addition to the well‐known hepatoprotective compound, 1,5‐di‐O‐caffeoylquinic acid (III). The hepatoprotective effect was indicated by the significant decrease in the level of four measured serum biochemical parameters (SGOT, SGPT, ALP, and bilirubin) in experimental rats. The structures of the isolated compounds were determined by analyses of 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR spectroscopic data.
Synthesis and Characterization of Enantiomerically Pure cis‐ and trans‐3‐Fluoro‐2,4‐dioxa‐8‐aza‐3‐phosphadecalin 3‐Oxides as γ‐Homoacetylcholine Mimetics and Inhibitors of Acetylcholinesterase
Authors: Clerc Christian , Rüedi Peter 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe title compounds, the P(3)‐axially and P(3)‐equatorially substituted cis‐ and trans‐configured 8‐benzyl‐3‐fluoro‐2,4‐dioxa‐8‐aza‐3‐phosphadecalin 3‐oxides (=8‐benzyl‐3‐fluoro‐2,4‐dioxa‐8‐aza‐3‐phosphabicyclo[4.4.0]decane 3‐oxides=2‐fluorohexahydro‐6‐(phenylmethyl)‐4H‐1,3,2‐dioxaphosphorino[5,4‐c]pyridine 2‐oxides) were prepared (ee>98%) and fully characterized (Schemes 2 and 3). The absolute configurations were established from that of their precursors, the enantiomerically pure cis‐ and trans‐1‐benzyl‐4‐hydroxypiperidine‐3‐methanols which were unambiguously assigned. Being configuratively fixed and conformationally constrained phosphorus analogues of acetyl γ‐homocholine (=3‐(acetyloxy)‐N,N,N‐trimethylpropan‐1‐aminium), they are suitable probes for the investigation of molecular interactions with acetylcholinesterase. As determined by kinetic methods, all of the compounds are weak inhibitors of the enzyme.
Synthesis of a C‐Iminoribofuranoside Analog of the Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) Inhibitor FK866
Authors: Gillig Annabelle , Majjigapu Somi Reddy , Sordat Bernard , Vogel Pierre 
Published: January 2012

AbstractFK866 (also named APO866 or WK175) is a potent NAMPT inhibitor being evaluated (Phase II) as a potential anticancer drug. The preparation of the C‐iminoribofuranoside analog (2E)‐N‐[4‐(1‐benzoylpiperidin‐4‐yl)butyl]‐3‐{3‐[(2S,3S,4R,5R)‐3,4‐dihydroxy‐5‐(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidin‐2‐yl]phenyl}prop‐2‐enamide ((−)‐1) is reported.
Effects of aspect ratio on mixed convection in a horizontal rectangular duct with heated and cooled side walls
Authors: Toriyama Koji , Ichimiya Koichi , Kaneko Masakazu 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis paper describes the effect of aspect ratio on mixed convection in a horizontal rectangular duct with heated and cooled side walls numerically and experimentally. In the numerical analysis, fluid flow and temperature distributions for Ri=1.61, Pr=6.99, Re=100 and aspect ratio, Ar=0.2–10, were obtained by solving dimensionless governing equations using the SIMPLE procedure. The QUICK scheme was applied to the convective term of these equations. In the experimental analysis, the flow behavior for Ar=0.5–2 was visualized by the dye‐injection method. Numerical results showed that the swirl flow was generated along the flow direction, and its pitch length was influenced by Ar. The pitch length was the shortest when Ar=0.5–1, and this tendency was the same in numerical results and experimental results. The heat transfer behavior was also discussed corresponding to the flow, and the heat transfer ratio was highest at Ar=1 in 0.2 ≤ Ar ≤ 10. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.20391
Thermal analysis on a groove‐enhanced minichannel application
Authors: Chen Wei 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA grooved surface feature is considered as a thermal enhancement for electronics cooling with single‐phase flow in minichannels. The influence of the groove structure and groove depth‐to‐width ratio on the flow and heat transfer in the minichannels has been numerically investigated. A two‐dimensional turbulent flow model was employed to optimize the groove structure in the minichannel. The effect of the groove geometric shape on the heat transfer performance in the minichannel was analyzed by evaluating the fluid thermophysical parameter and Nusselt number. It is found that the average Nusselt number ratio ($Nu_{avg}^{*}$) changes with an increase in groove depth‐to‐width ratios from d/W = 0.1 to d/W = 0.5. The groove heat transfer unit number (NTU) integrating heat transfer area (A) and heat transfer coefficient (h) were defined. The change of the NTU* for the minichannel with a triangular groove is different from that of the minichannel with a cylindrical groove while the groove depth‐to‐width ratio varies from d/W = 0.1 to d/W = 0.5. In addition, the flow pressure loss across the groove and the effects of the Reynolds number in the minichannels were also investigated. All the results should be taken into account for a better design of a minichannel with groove. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.20413
Cyr61 increases matrix metalloproteinase‐3 expression and cell motility in human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells
Authors: Chuang Jing‐Yuan , Yu Nuo‐Yi , Chiang I‐Ping , Lai Chih‐Ho , Lin Chia‐Der , Tang Chih‐Hsin 
Published: January 2012

AbstractOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has a striking tendency to migrate and metastasize. Cysteine‐rich 61 (Cyr61), from the CCN gene family, is a secreted and matrix‐associated protein, which is involved in many cellular activities such as growth and differentiation. However, the effects of Cyr61 on human OSCC cells are largely unknown. In this study, we found that Cyr61 increased the migration and the expression of matrix metalloproteinases‐3 (MMP)‐3 in human OSCC cells. αvβ5 or α6β1 monoclonal antibody (mAb), focal adhesion kinase (FAK) inhibitor, and mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MEK) inhibitors (PD98059 and U0126) inhibited the Cyr61‐induced increase of the migration and MMP‐3 up‐regulation of OSCC cells. Cyr61 stimulation increased the phosphorylation of FAK, MEK, and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK). In addition, NF‐κB inhibitors suppressed the cell migration and MMP‐3 expression enhanced by Cyr61. Moreover, Cyr61 increased NF‐κB luciferase activity and binding of p65 to the NF‐κB element on the MMP‐3 promoter. Taken together, our results indicate that Cyr61 enhances the migration of OSCC cells by increasing MMP‐3 expression through the αvβ3 or α6β1 integrin receptor, FAK, MEK, ERK, and NF‐κB signal transduction pathway. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 1977–1986, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The cytoprotective effect of butin against oxidative stress is mediated by the up‐regulation of manganese superoxide dismutase expression through a PI3K/Akt/Nrf2‐dependent pathway
Authors: Zhang Rui , Chae Sungwook , Lee Jun Hwa , Hyun Jin Won 
Published: January 2012

AbstractButin (7,3′,4′‐trihydroxydihydroflavone), a flavonoid with antioxidant activity, was recently reported to protect cells against H2O2‐induced apoptosis, oxidative DNA damage and oxidative mitochondrial dysfunction. The objective of the present study was to elucidate the mechanism by which butin protects mitochondria. The antioxidant function of manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn SOD) is important in preventing oxidative stress. While exposure to H2O2 reduced the expression of Mn SOD in Chinese hamster lung fibroblast (V79‐4), the addition of butin restored Mn SOD expression at both the mRNA and protein levels, resulting in increased Mn SOD activity. The transcription factor NF‐E2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) regulates Mn SOD gene expression by binding to the antioxidant responsive element (ARE). Butin enhanced the nuclear translocation and ARE‐binding activity of Nrf2, which was decreased by H2O2. The siRNA‐mediated knockdown of Nrf2 attenuated butin‐induced Mn SOD expression and activity. Further, phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (PKB, Akt) contributed to the ARE‐driven Mn SOD expression. Butin activated PI3K/Akt and exposure to either LY294002 (a PI3K inhibitor), Akt inhibitor IV (an Akt‐specific inhibitor), or Akt siRNA suppressed the butin‐induced activation of Nrf2, resulting in decreased Mn SOD expression and activity. Finally, the cytoprotective effect of butin against H2O2‐induced cell damage was suppressed by the siRNA‐mediated knockdown of Mn SOD. These studies demonstrate that butin attenuates oxidative stress by activating Nrf2‐mediated Mn SOD induction via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 1987–1997, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.