bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Der zerrissene Osten und die gelungene Wiedervereinigung
Authors: Sauer Joachim 
Published: December 2010

AbstractMan kommt nicht daran vorbei, dass in der DDR die sozialistische Kaderpolitik das Leistungsprinzip bei der Stellenbesetzung, nicht nur von Professorenstellen, systematisch ausgehöhlt hat. Damit wurden viele Menschen aus den Universitäten ausgeschlossen und demotiviert. Der personelle Neuanfang nach der Wende war alternativlos.
Doppelwandige Folien und leichte Autos
Authors: Bulmahn Maren 
Published: December 2010

AbstractEuropäische Spezialitäten und asiatische Massenware, Kunststoffe aus nachwachsenden Rohstoffen und solche, die sich kompostieren oder rezyklieren lassen — die Kunststoffmesse K 2010 bot nahezu jedes Polymer für fast jeden Zweck.
Des Palladiums kleiner Bruder: Neues aus der Nickel‐Katalyse
Authors: Koester Dennis C. , Werz Daniel B. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThema des Nobelpreises für Chemie 2010 waren die palladiumkatalysierten Kupplungsreaktionen. Was aber kann der kleinere Bruder des Palladiums — das Nickel — in der synthetischen organischen Chemie leisten? Befindet sich die Forschung etwa auch auf Nobelpreiskurs?
Unusual functional manifestations of a novel STX11 frameshift mutation in two infants with familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis type 4 (FHL4)
Authors: Macartney Christine A. , Weitzman Sheila , Wood Stephanie M. , Bansal Deepak , Steele MacGregor , Meeths Marie , Abdelhaleem Mohamed , Bryceson Yenan T. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractFamilial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL) is typically an autosomal recessive, early‐onset, life‐threatening immune disorder. Loss‐of‐function mutations in STX11 have been found to impair NK cell degranulation and cytotoxicity. Here, we describe two unrelated infants of Punjabi descent presenting with FHL and carrying a novel, homozygous STX11 frameshift mutation [c.867dupG]. Western blot analysis indicated absence of syntaxin‐11. Unexpectedly, degranulation by NK cells from one of the patients was not impaired, although patient NK cells showed mildly and significantly decreased cytotoxicity, respectively. Importantly, these observations imply that STX11 should be sequenced in HLH patients even when impaired NK cell degranulation is not found. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;56:654–657. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Children receiving treatment for cancer and their caregivers: A mixed methods study of their sleep characteristics
Authors: Wright Marilyn 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackgroundSleep has a significant impact on the daily functioning of children and their parents. The purpose of this study was to describe and gain an understanding of the sleep characteristics of children receiving treatment for cancer and their caregivers using a mixed methods concurrent triangulation design.ProcedureData were collected from questionnaires completed by 35 caregivers of children receiving treatment for cancer and compared to similar data from 64 caregivers of healthy children.ResultsThere was considerable variability in the sleep characteristics of the children receiving treatment for cancer as reported by their caregivers. However, as a group, the magnitude of their sleep problems, particularly among the adolescents, was significantly greater than that of the comparison group and had the potential to impact negatively on their participation in everyday life. They had poorer sleep efficiency. Many impairments, particularly pain, nightmares, and symptoms associated with steroid administration, impacted their sleep. Their caregivers also experienced an increased prevalence of sleep issues, which impacted their daytime functioning. Suggestions to prevent and treat the sleep issues of children receiving treatment for cancer focused on practicing good sleep habits, ensuring a safe, secure, and comfortable sleep environment, and using non‐pharmaceutical and pharmaceutical interventions to address impairments interfering with sleep. Caregivers noted that it was important to take care of themselves by getting sufficient sleep and accepting help from others.ConclusionsSleep issues are prevalent in families of children receiving treatment for cancer and should be assessed routinely and addressed. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;56:638–645. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Initial testing of the hypoxia‐activated prodrug PR‐104 by the pediatric preclinical testing program
Authors: Houghton Peter J. , Lock Richard , Carol Hernan , Morton Christopher L. , Phelps Doris , Gorlick Richard , Kolb E. Anders , Keir Stephen T. , Reynolds C. Patrick , Kang Min H. , Maris John M. , Wozniak Amy W. , Gu Yongchuan , Wilson William R. , Smith Malcolm A. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackgroundPR‐104 is rapidly hydrolyzed to PR‐104A in vivo, which is activated by reduction to the corresponding 5‐hydroxylamine (PR‐104H) and amine (PR‐104M) to produce DNA interstrand cross‐links. PR‐104 activation can occur via hypoxia‐dependent reductases and also independently of hypoxia by aldo‐keto reductase (AKR) 1C3.ProceduresPR‐104A was tested against the PPTP in vitro panel (10 nM to 100 µM), and PR‐104 in vivo using a weekly × 6 schedule at its maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of 550 mg/kg. Subsequently PR‐104 was tested at 270 and 110 mg/kg. Pharmacokinetics for PR‐104 and its metabolites were determined, as were levels of AKR1C3 RNA and protein in xenografts.ResultsIn vitro, the leukemia models were most sensitive to PR‐104A. In vivo, PR‐104 induced objective responses at its MTD in 21/34 solid tumor models and maintained complete responses against 7/7 acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) models. At 270 mg/kg and lower dose levels, PR‐104 did not induce solid tumor regressions, suggesting a steep dose–response relationship. Pharmacokinetic analysis suggests higher systemic exposures to PR‐104A and its metabolites in mice compared to those achievable in patients. Levels of AKR1C3 protein did not correlate with tumor responsiveness.ConclusionsAs monotherapy, PR‐104 demonstrated a high level of activity against both solid tumor and ALL models at its MTD, but the activity was almost completely lost at half the MTD dose for solid tumors. Pharmacokinetic data at the PR‐104 MTD from human trials suggest that PR‐104 metabolites may not reach the plasma exposures in children that were associated with high‐level preclinical activity. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 57: 443–453. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Online monitoring and analysis of resin pressure inside composite laminate during zero‐bleeding autoclave process
Authors: Xin Chaobo , Gu Yizhuo , Li Min , Li Yanxia , Zhang Zuoguang 
Published: December 2010

AbstractResin pressure is one of the most important parameters in manufacturing composites during autoclave process. It not only greatly influences resin flow behavior, but also has effects on void formation and elimination. Online monitoring resin pressure can provide an important guidance for the optimization of the processing parameters and the control of the quality of composites. In this study, a resin pressure online measuring system for autoclave process was established based on the principle of pressure transfer in liquid, and the size of the measuring probe of the system was optimized to increase the accuracy of measured resin pressure. The results indicate that the accuracy and the dynamic response of the system can meet the requirements of resin pressure measurement during autoclave process. Furthermore, by means of this proposed resin pressure measuring system and the measurements of compaction properties of the fabric stacks, the resin pressures inside carbon fiber fabric/epoxy resin and glass fiber fabric/epoxy resin prepreg stacks during autoclave process were investigated, especially for the zero‐bleeding process which is prevailing for aircraft composite structures. It is demonstrated that during zero‐bleeding process, the resin pressures, which conform to the spring and piston model, uniformly distribute along through‐thickness and in‐plane directions. In addition, the resin pressure profile is significantly influenced by the fiber volume fraction of the prepregs, indicating that fiber content of prepreg should be optimized for achieving free defects and uniform fiber distribution. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Flame retardant effect of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane and triglycidyl isocyanurate on glass fibre‐reinforced epoxy composites
Authors: Wu Kun , Kandola Baljinder K. , Kandare Everson , Hu Yuan 
Published: December 2010

AbstractPolyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) and triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC) were added to an aerospace grade epoxy resin (EP) individually or in combinations at low concentrations. The EP samples containing additives were cast into resin laminates and also used to produce glass fibre‐reinforced composite laminates. The flammability of the two types of laminates was studied by limiting oxygen index, UL‐94 and cone calorimetry. The cone results indicated that the use of POSS (10 wt%) in EP can significantly decrease resin/composite's peak heat release rate, total heat release, and CO production. The mechanical performance in flexural modes of the fibre‐reinforced composite laminates was not adversely affected by the addition of POSS and TGIC in the resin. POSS containing samples had better retention of mechanical properties after exposure to radiant heat in a cone calorimeter compared with other samples. The results of thermogravimetry (TG), TG‐FTIR, and dynamic FTIR indicated that the thermal degradation behavior of the EP is significantly changed by the addition of POSS. POSS can get grafted on the EP's main chain during earlier stages of decomposition and form a stable char layer to protect the underlying material from further decomposition. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Multifunctional properties of polyester fabrics modified by corona discharge/air RF plasma and colloidal TiO2nanoparticles
Authors: Mihailović D. , Šaponjić Z. , Molina R. , Radoičić M. , Esquena J. , Jovančić P. , Nedeljković J. , Radetić M. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn this study the possibility of tailoring the textile nanocomposite materials based on the polyester fabric and TiO2nanoparticles that can simultaneously provide desirable level of antibacterial activity, UV protection, and self‐cleaning effects with long‐term durability was investigated. To enhance the binding efficiency of colloidal TiO2nanoparticles, the surface of polyester fabrics was activated by low‐pressure RF air plasma, and corona discharge at atmospheric pressure. Obtained functionalized textile materials provided maximum antibacterial efficiency against gram‐negative bacteriumE. coli. High values of UV protection factor (UPF) indicate the maximum UV blocking efficiency (50+) of these fabrics. The results of self‐cleaning test with blueberry juice stains and photodegradation of methylene blue in aqueous solution confirmed excellent photocatalytic activity of TiO2nanoparticles deposited on the fiber surface. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Synthesis, characterization, and colloidal properties of polythiophene/borax conducting composite
Authors: Gumus O. Yunus , Unal H. Ibrahim , Erol Ozlem , Sari Bekir 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn this study, synthesis of polythiophene (PT) and polythiophene/borax pentahydrate (PT/borax) conducting composite were carried out by in‐situ oxidative polymerization. The composite was subjected to various characterization techniques namely: FTIR, particle size, magnetic susceptibility, density, conductivity, dielectric, TGA, XRD, SEM, and zeta (ζ)‐potential measurements. The effects of time, pH, various surfactants, electrolytes and temperature on the ζ‐potential of PT and PT/borax composite were investigated. In a basic medium the ζ‐potential of the composite was observed to decrease up to ζ = −66.5 mV. The most effective surfactant on the ζ‐potential of the composite was sodium dodecyl sulfate, which reduced the value of ζ‐potential to ζ = −39.2 mV. It was concluded that the presence of mono‐valent (NaCl) salt has no impact on ζ‐potential whereas, di‐valent (BaCl2) salt shifted the ζ‐potential value to more positive regions. Elevated temperatures caused almost no change on the ζ‐potential of the composite. Also an electrorheological effect (a tremendous viscosity increase) was determined from the PT/borax colloidal systems under an externally applied electric field, and the results obtained will be discussed in the forthcoming article. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Impact of implementing alerts about medication black‐box warnings in electronic health records
Authors: Yu Donghui Tony , Seger Diane L. , Lasser Karen E. , Karson Andrew S. , Fiskio Julie M. , Seger Andrew C. , Bates David W. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe Food and Drug Administration issues black‐box warnings (BBWs) regarding medications with serious risks, yet physician adherence to the warnings is low.MethodsWe evaluated the impact of delivering BBW‐based alerts about drug–drug, drug–disease, and drug–laboratory interactions for prescription medications in outpatients in an electronic health record with clinical decision support. We compared the frequency of non‐adherence to all BBWs about drug–drug, drug–disease, and drug–laboratory interactions for 30 drugs/drug classes, and by individual drugs/drug groups with BBWs between the pre‐ and post‐intervention periods. We used multivariate analysis to identify independent risk factors for non‐adherence to BBWs.ResultsThere was a slightly higher frequency of non‐adherence to BBWs after the intervention (4.8% vs. 5.1%, p = 0.045). In multivariate analyses, after adjustment for patient and provider characteristics and site of care, medications prescribed during the pre‐intervention period were less likely to violate BBWs compared to those prescribed during the post‐intervention period (OR 0.67, 95% CI, 0.47–0.96). However, black‐box warning violations did decrease after the intervention for BBWs about drug–drug interactions (6.1% vs. 1.8%, p < 0.0001) and drug–pregnancy interactions (5.1% vs. 3.6%, p = 0.01).ConclusionsAmbulatory care computerized order entry with prescribing alerts about BBWs did not improve clinicians' overall adherence to BBWs, though it did improve adherence for specific clinically important subcategories. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The proportion of patient reports of suspected ADRs to signal detection in the Netherlands: case–control study
Authors: van Hunsel Florence , Talsma Attje , van Puijenbroek Eugène , de Jong‐van den Berg Lolkje , van Grootheest Kees 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAimTo determine the contribution of patients' adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports to signals detection, through a study of the signals sent by Lareb to the Dutch Medicines Evaluation Board.MethodsThe percentage of patient's ADR reports contributing to generate signals of adverse drug reactions was determined. A case–control design was used to study if the proportion of patient reports in associations that had been selected as ‘signals’ differed from non‐signals. A logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the Odds Ratio with 95%CI for patient reports in the cases and controls.ResultsThe number of patient reports which contributed to a signal has increased from 0 reports in 2003 to 31 reports in 2008 (9% of total). Since 2005 patient reports have triggered particular associations to be selected as a signal. In 2007, 28% of all trigger reports were reported by a patient. The case–control analysis showed that patient reports were equally present in the reports used in signal formation (cases) as in the controls, reports not contributing to a signal. Odds Ratio (OR) was 1.10 (95%CI 0.81−1.49) and OR = 0.96 (95%CI 0.50−1.87) for the ‘trigger reports’.ConclusionsThe proportion of patient reports contributing to generate signals was equal to the proportion of patient reports in the database. Patient's reports of adverse drug reactions can provide a valuable contribution to the detection of signals in addition to healthcare professionals' reports. In the Netherlands, direct patient reports have added to the signals of adverse drug reactions sent to the Medicines Evaluation Board. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Silicon nanowires made via macropore etching for superior Li ion batteries
Authors: Ossei‐Wusu Emmanuel , Cojocaru Ala , Hartz Hauke , Carstensen Jürgen , Föll Helmut 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe future of electro mobility depends critically on substantially improved Li ion batteries. Si as anode material has a more than tenfold higher capacity as compared to the standard graphite anode, but needs to be nanostructured to avoid fracture. It is shown that macropore etching combined with suitable follow‐up processes allows to produce nanowire arrays with optimized geometries. First tests of these anodes showed very promising results with respect to prime battery parameters like capacity and capacity losses during cycling. In particular, a first test battery showed superior performance for more than 60 cycles in comparison to an otherwise identical battery with a graphite anode. Critical processes like galvanic Cu deposition at the nanowire bottom can be avoided by using an optimized pore etching process that produces complex pore diameter profiles as a function of depth, allowing easy separation of the nanowire layer from the Si substrate and processing the nanowire surface area. In total, the production of Si nanowire anodes using this improved process should allow mass production at competitive costs. magnified imageSi nanowire array for use as a high‐capacity anode in a Li ion battery.
Numerical simulation of copper filling within mesoporous silicon by electrodeposition
Authors: Fukami Kazuhiro , Chourou Mohamed L. , Sakka Tetsuo , Ogata Yukio H. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA model of metal electrodeposition within mesoporous silicon is proposed. The model is based on the coupled map lattice model, which includes diffusion of metal ions, electrode shape, equivalent circuit of electrochemical cell, and potential drop in porous silicon wall. Continuous filling from the pore bottom to the opening and plugging at the pore opening were successfully reproduced using the present model. By analyzing the concentration profile of cupric ions in solution, the mechanism of plugging at the pore opening and discontinuous filling by electrodeposition is discussed.
F8BT nanopillars from porous anodic alumina
Authors: Palacios Raquel , Formentín Pilar , Martínez‐Ferrero Eugenia , Ferre‐Borrull Josep , Pallarès Josep , Marsal Lluis F. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractPoly(9,9‐di‐n‐octylfluorene‐alt‐benzothiadiazole) (F8BT) nanopillars were fabricated using the template wetting method. In order to obtain nanostructures, self‐ordered nanoporous alumina has been employed as template. Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) images reveal that the resulting F8BT structures present diameters ∼225 nm and heights ∼500 nm. The influence of the template and the solvent in the photophysical properties of the F8BT structures have been studied by UV‐Vis absorption, photoluminescence and Raman spectroscopy. These polymer structures have a wide range of potential applications due to its optical and electrical properties.
Applications of colloidal crystal patterning for synthesis of 1D and 3D nanostructured semiconductors
Authors: Lévy‐Clément Claude , Wang Xiaodong , Benoit‐Moez Charlotte , Elias Jamil , Philippe Laetitia , Michler Johan 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe report on two different applications of polystyrene (PS) sphere lithography (colloidal crystal patterning). The first example is related to the classical use of PS spheres as a mask, while in the second example, for the first time, the PS spheres are used as a template to grow semiconductors with complex hierarchical structures. Combining PS nanosphere mask and metal‐assisted etching enabled to produce array of well‐ordered silicon nanowires (Si‐NWs) with uniform diameter. Our contribution in this field was to control the formation of extended arrays of 60 nm diameter Si‐NWs on large size Si wafers by downsizing the diameter of the spheres which was nominally 100 nm. The second application is new. By rendering electrically conductive the insulating PS, the spheres were used as a template to grow electrochemically well‐ordered ZnO hollow‐urchins composed of single‐crystal ZnO nanowires (ZnO‐NWs). This new nanostructure exhibited dramatically increased light diffusion properties, making it very promising for use in semiconductor‐sensitized solar cells.
Structure and electronic properties of trivacancy and trivacancy‐oxygen complexes in silicon
Authors: Markevich V. P. , Peaker A. R. , Hamilton B. , Lastovskii S. B. , Murin L. I. , Coutinho J. , Torres V. J. B. , Dobaczewski L. , Svensson B. G. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe have recently found that the silicon trivacancy (V3) is a bistable defect that can occur in fourfold coordinated and (110) planar configurations for both the neutral and singly negative charge states [V. P. Markevich et al., Phys. Rev. B 80, 235207 (2009)]. Acceptor levels of V3 in both these configurations have been determined. It has also been shown that at T > 200 °C, the interaction of mobile trivacancies with interstitial oxygen atoms results in the formation of V3O complex with the first and second acceptor levels at Ec −0.46 and −0.34 eV. In the present work we identify donor levels arising from V3 and V3O complexes by means of deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) and high‐resolution Laplace DLTS on n+p silicon structures irradiated with 6 MeV electrons, combined with density functional modeling studies. It is found that both defects possess two donor levels in the (110) planar configurations. First donor levels at Ev +0.19 and +0.235 eV, and the second donor levels at Ev +0.105 and +0.12 eV are found for the V3 and V3O complexes, respectively.
Mesenchymal stem cell attachment to peptide density gradients on porous silicon generated by electrografting
Authors: Clements Lauren R. , Wang Peng‐Yuan , Harding Frances , Tsai Wei‐Bor , Thissen Helmut , Voelcker Nicolas H. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractChemical gradients of ethyl‐6‐bromohexanoate (EBH) were generated over porous silicon (pSi) substrates via electrochemical attachment. Immobilised ester moieties were hydrolysed and activated to produce a gradient of functional carboxylic acid groups. After subsequent immobilisation of cyclic RGD (cRGD), the surfaces were used to screen the extent of rat mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) attachment. Mapping of surface chemistry was carried out by means of infrared microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). MSC culture studies showed that short‐term cell attachment responded to the cRGD density present on the gradient surface.
Mesoporous CeO2 nanopowders with different particle sizes
Authors: Dohčević‐Mitrović Z. , Golubović A. , Radović M. , Fruth V. , Kremenović A. , Meden A. , Babić B. , Šćepanović M. , Popović Z. V. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractUltrafine porous cerium dioxide nanopowders were synthesized by relatively new and cost‐effective hydrothermal method varying the main synthesis parameters, temperature of calcination and type of basic solution. Characterization of the as‐produced powders was performed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Raman scattering and Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) method. This study reveals that difference in synthesis parameters has strong influence on the particle size, surface area, and pore size distribution enabling the more precise control of material properties very important for catalytic and nanosensor applications.