bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Students' daily emotions in the classroom: Intra‐individual variability and appraisal correlates
Authors: Ahmed Wondimu , van der Werf Greetje , Minnaert Alexander , Kuyper Hans 
Published: May 2010

Background.Recent literature on emotions in education has shown that competence‐ and value‐related beliefs are important sources of students' emotions; nevertheless, the role of these antecedents in students' daily functioning in the classroom is not yet well‐known. More importantly, to date we know little about intra‐individual variability in students' daily emotions.Aims.The objectives of the study were (1) to examine within‐student variability in emotional experiences and (2) to investigate how competence and value appraisals are associated with emotions. It was hypothesized that emotions would show substantial within‐student variability and that there would be within‐person associations between competence and value appraisals and the emotions.Sample(s).The sample consisted of 120 grade 7 students (52%, girls) in 5 randomly selected classrooms in a secondary school.Method.A diary method was used to acquire daily process variables of emotions and appraisals. Daily emotions and daily appraisals were assessed using items adapted from existing measures.Results.Multi‐level modelling was used to test the hypotheses. As predicted, the within‐person variability in emotional states accounted for between 41% (for pride) and 70% (for anxiety) of total variability in the emotional states. Also as hypothesized, the appraisals were generally associated with the emotions.Conclusions.The within‐student variability in emotions and appraisals clearly demonstrates the adaptability of students with respect to situational affordances and constraints in their everyday classroom experiences. The significant covariations between the appraisals and emotions suggest that within‐student variability in emotions is systematic.
Traceability of values for catalytic activity concentration of enzymes: a Certified Reference Material for aspartate transaminase
Authors: Toussaint Brigitte , Emons Hendrik , Schimmel Heinz G. , Bossert-Reuther Steffen , Canalias Francesca , Ceriotti Ferruccio , Férard Georges , Ferrero Carlo A. , Franck Paul F.H. , Gella F. Javier , Henny Joseph , Jørgensen Poul J. , Klauke Rainer , Lessinger Jean-Marc , Mazziotta Daniel , Panteghini Mauro , Ueda Shigeru , Schumann Gerhard 
Published: May 2010

Abstract

Background: A new reference material for the liver enzyme aspartate transaminase (AST) (L-aspartate: 2-oxoglutarate-aminotransferase, EC 2.6.1.1), also called aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), has been developed under the code ERM-AD457/IFCC. This certified reference material (CRM) for AST has been produced from a human type recombinant AST expressed in Escherichia coli and a buffer containing bovine serum albumin, and has been lyophilised.

Methods: The homogeneity and the stability of the material have been tested and the catalytic activity concentration has been characterised by 12 laboratories using the reference procedure for AST at 37°C from the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC).

Results: The certified catalytic activity concentration and certified uncertainty of AST in the reconstituted material are (1.74±0.05) μkat/L or (104.6±2.7) U/L (with a coverage factor k=2; 95% confidence interval).

Conclusions: Both the certified value and uncertainty are traceable to the International System of Units (SI). The material is aiming to control the IFCC reference procedure for AST at 37°C, which will then be used to assign values to calibrants and control materials. The present paper highlights the scientific challenges and innovations which were encountered during the development of this new CRM.
Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:795–803.
Self-monitoring of blood glucose with a focus on analytical quality: an overview
Authors: Kristensen Gunn B.B. , Sandberg Sverre 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) has been available for patients with diabetes for more than 30 years. Today, SMBG is an important component in diabetes management, helping patients achieve and maintain normal blood glucose concentrations. Implementation of SMBG as an effective glycaemic control tool requires that instruments have acceptable analytical quality, that the patients are educated in using them, and that actions are taken upon the results. This paper gives an overview of SMBG, including the history, clinical utility, principles of measurement and several aspects of analytical quality of SMBG. The latter comprises a standardised evaluation of SMBG performance, quality specifications as well as different approaches to monitor the quality of SMBG performance.
Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:963–72.
Stat laboratory testing: integration or autonomy?
Authors: Soffiati Giuliano , Giavarina Davide 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Laboratory turnaround times (TATs) for urgent (Stat) tests are indicators of efficiency, and many clinicians consider prolonged TAT one of the most important causes for delay in transferring patients from emergency departments. Here, we present a review of the main proposed solutions, dependent on size, organization models and mission of the hospital. Although there is no clear evidence that laboratory TAT could be directly related to patient care, we need to continuously evaluate each laboratories performance by comparing them to patient outcomes.
Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:927–30.
Potential role of the lipoxygenase derived lipid mediators in atherosclerosis: leukotrienes, lipoxins and resolvins
Authors: Hersberger Martin 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAtherogenesis is an inflammatory process with leukocytes infiltrating the arterial intima. The lipoxygenase pathways play a role in leukocyte recruitment through the generation of two classes of arachidonic acid lipid mediators, the leukotrienes and the lipoxins, and one class of omega-3 fatty acid metabolites, the resolvins. There is evidence from animal studies and human genetic studies that the leukotrienes and the enzymes necessary for their generation play a role in atherosclerosis, and possibly even in the development of the vulnerable plaque. Less is known about the effect of the anti-inflammatory lipid mediators in atherosclerosis, the lipoxins and the resolvins. Studies modulating the activity of an enzyme necessary for the production of these lipid mediators, 12/15-lipoxygenase, showed discrepant results in several animal models. Also, human genetic studies have not clearly dissected the effect of the enzyme on atherosclerosis. However, stable forms of the lipoxins and the resolvins protect animals from inflammatory diseases. Whether blocking the leukotrienes or applying anti-inflammatory lipoxins and resolvins will be effective in attenuating human atherosclerosis needs to be demonstrated in future studies. In this review, the biosynthesis of these lipid mediators, their biological effects and the evidence for their possible role in atherosclerosis are discussed with an emphasis on human disease.Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:1063–73.
Shortcomings of the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Serology 7 Panel
Authors: Benor Shira , Russell George H. , Silver Michael , Israel Esther J. , Yuan Qian , Winter Harland S. 
Published: May 2010

OBJECTIVE:
The goal was to compare the predictive values of the Prometheus Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Serology 7 (IBD7) panel (Prometheus Laboratories, San Diego, CA) with the predictive values of routine blood tests in a population of children referred for initial evaluation of suspected IBD.

METHODS:
Medical records of pediatric patients referred for evaluation of IBD for whom IBD7 testing was performed at Prometheus Laboratories between January 2006 and November 2008 were reviewed. Patients underwent diagnosis by pediatric gastroenterologists on the basis of clinical, radiologic, endoscopic, and pathologic evaluations.

RESULTS:
A total of 394 records were identified. We excluded 90 records on the basis of age of &gt;21 years, previous diagnosis of IBD, or unclear diagnosis. The prevalence of IBD in this cohort was 38%. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and κ value for the serological panel were 67%, 76%, 63%, 79%, and 42%, respectively, compared with values for a combination of 3 abnormal routine laboratory test results of 72%, 94%, 85%, 79%, and 47%. The antiflagellin antibody assay, the newest assay added to the panel, had sensitivity of 50% and specificity of 53%. Repeat serological testing failed to produce consistent results for 4 of 10 patients.

CONCLUSION:
Despite its recent inclusion of the antiflagellin assay, the IBD7 panel has lower predictive values than routine laboratory tests in pediatric screening for IBD.
Low 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels in Adolescents: Race, Season, Adiposity, Physical Activity, and Fitness
Authors: Dong Yanbin , Pollock Norman , Stallmann-Jorgensen Inger Susanne , Gutin Bernard , Lan Ling , Chen Tai C. , Keeton Daniel , Petty Karen , Holick Michael F. , Zhu Haidong 
Published: May 2010

OBJECTIVES:
The objectives were to characterize the vitamin D status of black and white adolescents residing in the southeastern United States (latitude: ∼33°N) and to investigate relationships with adiposity.

METHODS:
Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were measured with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy for 559 adolescents 14 to 18 years of age (45% black and 49% female). Fat tissues, physical activity, and cardiovascular fitness also were measured.

RESULTS:
The overall prevalences of vitamin D insufficiency (&lt;75 nmol/L) and deficiency (≤50 nmol/L) were 56.4% and 28.8%, respectively. Black versus white subjects had significantly lower plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in every season (winter, 35.9 ± 2.5 vs 77.4 ± 2.7 nmol/L; spring, 46.4 ± 3.5 vs 101.3 ± 3.5 nmol/L; summer, 50.7 ± 4.0 vs 104.3 ± 4.0 nmol/L; autumn, 54.4 ± 4.0 vs 96.8 ± 2.7 nmol/L). With adjustment for age, gender, race, season, height, and sexual maturation, there were significant inverse correlations between 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and all adiposity measurements, including BMI percentile (P = .02), waist circumference (P &lt; .01), total fat mass (P &lt; .01), percentage of body fat (P &lt; .01), visceral adipose tissue (P = .015), and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (P = .039). There were significant positive associations between 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and vigorous physical activity (P &lt; .01) and cardiovascular fitness (P = .025).

CONCLUSIONS:
Low vitamin D status is prevalent among adolescents living in a year-round sunny climate, particularly among black youths. The relationships between 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, adiposity, physical activity, and fitness seem to be present in adolescence.
Decrease in Hospital-wide Mortality Rate After Implementation of a Commercially Sold Computerized Physician Order Entry System
Authors: Longhurst Christopher A. , Parast Layla , Sandborg Christy I. , Widen Eric , Sullivan Jill , Hahn Jin S. , Dawes Christopher G. , Sharek Paul J. 
Published: May 2010

BACKGROUND:
Implementations of computerized physician order entry (CPOE) systems have previously been associated with either an increase or no change in hospital-wide mortality rates of inpatients. Despite widespread enthusiasm for CPOE as a tool to help transform quality and patient safety, no published studies to date have associated CPOE implementation with significant reductions in hospital-wide mortality rates.

OBJECTIVE:
The objective of this study was to determine the effect on the hospital-wide mortality rate after implementation of CPOE at an academic children's hospital.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
We performed a cohort study with historical controls at a 303-bed, freestanding, quaternary care academic children's hospital. All nonobstetric inpatients admitted between January 1, 2001, and April 30, 2009, were included. A total of 80 063 patient discharges were evaluated before the intervention (before November 1, 2007), and 17 432 patient discharges were evaluated after the intervention (on or after November 1, 2007). On November 4, 2007, the hospital implemented locally modified functionality within a commercially sold electronic medical record to support CPOE and electronic nursing documentation.

RESULTS:
After CPOE implementation, the mean monthly adjusted mortality rate decreased by 20% (1.008–0.716 deaths per 100 discharges per month unadjusted [95% confidence interval: 0.8%–40%]; P = .03). With observed versus expected mortality-rate estimates, these data suggest that our CPOE implementation could have resulted in 36 fewer deaths over the 18-month postimplementation time frame.

CONCLUSION:
Implementation of a locally modified, commercially sold CPOE system was associated with a statistically significant reduction in the hospital-wide mortality rate at a quaternary care academic children's hospital.
Natural History and Mating Behavior of Pseudodyscrasis scutellaris, a Fly Species (Ulidiidae) Associated with Agave in Mexico
Authors: Brunel Odette , Rull Juan 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The natural history and mating behavior of Pseudodyscrasis scutellaris (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Ulidiidae), a fly associated with Agave atrovirens Karw. ex Salm-Dyck (Agavaceae) in the Mexican Altiplano is described based on a 1-yr monthly survey of adult, pupal, and larval stages and on 108 h of field observations. P. scutellaris overwintered in the egg stage, resumed larval development in the spring, pupated in the soil under agaves, and adults emerged during the summer, Courtship behavior and male agonistic encounters consisted of sequences of short distance visual displays, Females oviposited in feeding scars produced by lepidopteran larvae during previous seasons, Larvae developed in aggregations of &gt;100 individuals the following spring. Adults fed on various carbohydrate and protein sources, frequently interacted with other species of Diptera and ants, and were preyed upon by spiders and wasps. We discuss our findings in light of the evolution of behavior within the superfamily Tephritoidea and highlight the importance of further studies on the community of arthropods found on agaves.
Characterization of the Probing and Feeding Behavior ofPlanococcus citri(Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Grapevine
Authors: Cid M , Fereres A 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe citrus mealybug, Phnococcus citri (Risso) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), is a vector of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3), which causes severe damage to grapevines (Vitis spp.) worldwide. We studied the feeding behavior of P. citri on grapevine leaves and whole plants infected with GLRaV-3 and on artificial feeding membranes using DC-electrical penetration graphs (EPGs). P. citri ingested from phloem sieve elements, but it also spent long intervals in the xylem. Waveforms, not described before for mealybugs, were characterized, some of them resembling those of aphids: 1) one new pattern occurring within the phloem phase, named E23, correlated with honeydew excretion and positive ninhydrine reaction and therefore was associated with sap ingestion from the phloem sieve elements; and 2) an extracellular waveform, named G, also possibly associated with ingestion in artificial membranes, which probably represented xylem ingestion. The potential drops (pd) of P. citri showed two distinct phases (pd1 and pd2). The occurrence of pds was, on average, less frequent than in aphids (0.14/min), but they lasted much longer (32.5 s). The temporal analysis of 20 EPG recordings on detached leaves lasting 20 h showed great variability among individuals. Only 11/20 mealybugs reached the phloem phase, and ingestion from the phloem sieve elements (E23) was the predominant phloem-related activity. However, the G pattern was even more frequent, and most insects (16/20) showed xylem ingestion activities with an average duration of 8.7 h. This work represents the first step to identify specific stylet activities associated with the acquisition and inoculation of GLRaV-3 by P. citri.
Taxonomic Status of the Oak Gall WaspCallirhytis hakonensis(Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), with Description of the Sexual Generation
Authors: Wachi Nakatada , Abe Yoshihisa 
Published: May 2010

AbstractComparisons of the external morphology of the holotype (female adult) of Callirhytis hakonensis Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) and the female adults reared and identified as the asexual generation of this species by H. Masuda corroborated the accuracy of his identification. Masuda previously demonstrated the heterogony in this gall wasp by rearing experiments, The holotype (the asexual generation) of this cynipid is redescribed, and female and male adults of the sexual generation are described on the basis of specimens reared by him, Because the adults of the asexual and sexual generations had the diagnostic features of the genus Andricus and not Callirhytis, this gall wasp is transferred to the genus Andricus. Judging from the descriptions of the wasps and galls, Andricus symbioticus Kovalev and Andricus attractus Kovalev are synonymized with A. hakonensis.
Effects of Pollen in Lobelia laxiflora (Lobeliaceae) Long-Lived Flowers on Fecundity of Tropicoseius chiriquensis (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae)
Authors: Velázquez Tonatiuh , Ornelas Juan Francisco 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Pollen and nectar are the most important floral rewards in plant—pollinator interactions. These rewards are voraciously consumed by hummingbird flower mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae), and nectar and pollen feeding by mites have a strong impact on plant—hummingbird interactions. Tropicoseius chiriquensis (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae) feed on nectar and pollen of Lobelia laxiflora H.B.K. (Lobeliaceae) flowers, and within the floral corolla they mate and lay eggs. Yet the benefits of nectar and pollen feeding in terms of survival and fecundity of flower mites are quite unexplored. Here, we evaluate the fecundity and numerical response of T. chiriquensis to the availability of pollen in long-lived protandrous flowers of L. laxiflora. Under field conditions, unmanipulated flowers with pollen had more mites (adults, nymphs, larvae, and eggs) than emasculated flowers without pollen, Numbers of mites fluctuated throughout the flower life span. More adult mites were found for the first 2 d of the flower (staminate phase) and decreased for the last three days of life of the flower (pistillate phase). In contrast, we found higher number of larvae in the pistillate phase. In a laboratory experiment, the fecundity of flower mites was 4 times as high when pollen was available as that when flower mites were not provided with pollen. They completed their life cycle in approximately a week, the life span of L. laxiflora flowers. Our results suggest that pollen availability in L. laxiflora long-lived flowers could influence the population dynamics of T. chiriquensis by having a positive impact on numbers and fecundity of the mites.
Socio-Demographic Determinants of Condom Use Among Sexually Active Young Adults in Rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Chimbindi Natsayi Z , McGrath Nuala , Herbst Kobus , San Tint Khin , Newell Marie-Louise 
Published: May 2010

Aim:To investigate patterns, levels and socio-demographic determinants of condom use and consistency of use among young adults aged 15-24 years.Background:Condoms are known to prevent HIV infection. However, HIV prevalence and incidence remain high.Methods:This study was conducted in the Africa Centre Demographic Surveillance Area (ACDSA) in rural KwaZulu-Natal. Analysis focused on resident young adults aged 15-24 years in 2005. In univariable and multivariable analyses, determinants of condom use and consistency of use among 15-24 year olds were estimated using data collected in 2005. ‘Ever’ condom use was defined as the proportion who reported having used a condom; consistent use among those ever using as “always” using condoms with most recent partner in the last year.Results:3,914 participants aged 15-24 years reported ever having sex, of whom 52% reported condom use. Adjusting for age, sex, number of partners, residence of partner, partner age difference, type of partner and socio-economic status (SES), having an older partner decreased likelihood (aOR=0.69, p<0.01), while belonging to a household in a higher SES increased likelihood of ever using condoms (aOR=1.82, p<0.01). Being female (aOR=0.61 p<0.01) and having a regular partner (aOR=0.65 p<0.01) were independently associated with low consistent condom use.Conclusions:In this rural South African setting, condom use remains low, especially among females and with an older partner, situations commonly associated with increased HIV acquisition. Targeted supportive interventions to increase condom use need to be developed if HIV prevention programmes are to be successful.
The Picture Superiority Effect in Conceptual Implicit Memory: A Conceptual Distinctiveness Hypothesis
Authors: Hamilton Maryellen , Geraci Lisa 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
According to leading theories, the picture superiority effect is driven by conceptual processing, yet this effect has been difficult to obtain using conceptual implicit memory tests. We hypothesized that the picture superiority effect results from conceptual processing of a picture’s distinctive features rather than a picture’s semantic features. To test this hypothesis, we used 2 conceptual implicit general knowledge tests; one cued conceptually distinctive features (e.g., "What animal has large eyes?") and the other cued semantic features (e.g., "What animal is the figurehead of Tootsie Roll?"). Results showed a picture superiority effect only on the conceptual test using distinctive cues, supporting our hypothesis that this effect is mediated by conceptual processing of a picture’s distinctive features.
Variables Influencing Memory over Long Periods of Time for Recently Learned Face: Name Pairs
Authors: Groninger Lowell 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The ability to match faces with corresponding names was studied under various conditions involving encoding and retrieval. Twenty photographs of undergraduates were randomly paired with 20 common names. Experiment 1 presented the photographs for 10 s each, followed by either presentation of the names alone with the instruction to write face characteristics from memory or presentation of the photographs again with instructions to write from memory the names and anything unusual about the names themselves. Later retrieval was best for the former condition and was interpreted as showing that names could prime image representations of faces. Experiment 2 was a partial replication of Experiment 1 with retrieval measured over 7 weeks. These results showed that memories for face-name matches lasted several weeks. Also, consistent with Experiment 1, the number of reported initial face characteristics was highly predictive of matches between faces and names. These studies show the importance for later retrieval of forming and maintaining vivid images of faces even when the faces have no outstanding characteristics.