bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protection against Loss of Innate Defenses in Adulthood by Low Advanced Glycation End Products (AGE) Intake: Role of the Antiinflammatory AGE Receptor-1
Authors: Vlassara Helen , Cai Weijing , Goodman Susan , Pyzik Renata , Yong Angie , Chen Xue , Zhu Li , Neade Tina , Beeri Michal , Silverman Jeremy M. , Ferrucci Luigi , Tansman Laurie , Striker Gary E. , Uribarri Jaime 
Published: October 2009

Context: Increased oxidant stress and inflammation (OS/infl) are linked to both aging-related diseases and advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Whereas AGE receptor-1 (AGER1) reduces OS/infl in animals, this has not been assessed in normal humans.
Objective: The objectives of the study were to determine whether AGER1 correlates with AGEs and OS/infl and a reduction of dietary AGEs (dAGEs) lowers OS/infl in healthy adults and chronic kidney disease (CKD-3) patients.
Design: This study was cross-sectional with 2-yr follow-up studies of healthy adults and CKD-3 patients, a subset of which received a reduced AGE or regular diet.
Setting: The study was conducted at general community and renal clinics.
Participants: Participants included 325 healthy adults (18–45 and &gt;60 yr old) and 66 CKD-3 patients.
Intervention: An isocaloric low-AGE (30–50% reduction) or regular diet was given to 40 healthy subjects for 4 months and to nine CKD-3 patients for 4 wk.
Main Outcome: Relationships between age, dAGEs, serum AGEs, peripheral mononuclear cell AGE-receptors, and OS/Infl before and after reduction of dAGE intake were measured.
Results: AGEs, oxidant stress, receptor for AGE, and TNFα were reduced in normal and CKD-3 patients after the low-AGE diet, independently of age. AGER1 levels in CKD-3 patients on the low-AGE diet resembled 18- to 45-yr-old normal subjects. Dietary, serum, and urine AGEs correlated positively with peripheral mononuclear cell AGER1 levels in healthy participants. AGER1 was suppressed in CKD-3 subjects, whereas receptor for AGE and TNFα were increased.
Conclusions: Reduction of AGEs in normal diets may lower oxidant stress/inflammation and restore levels of AGER1, an antioxidant, in healthy and aging subjects and CKD-3 patients. AGE intake has implications for health outcomes and costs and warrants further testing.
Reduction of advanced glycation endproducts (AGE) in normal diets lowers oxidant stress/inflammation, and restores levels of AGE receptor-1 in healthy, aging, and chronic kidney disease-3 patients.
Impact of Growth Hormone Receptor Blockade on Substrate Metabolism during Fasting in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Moller Louise , Norrelund Helene , Jessen Niels , Flyvbjerg Allan , Pedersen Steen B. , Gaylinn Bruce D. , Liu Jianhua , Thorner Michael O. , Moller Niels , Lunde Jorgensen Jens Otto 
Published: October 2009

Context: Experimental studies in GH-deficient patients and in healthy subjects receiving somatostatin-infusion suggest that GH is an important regulator of substrate metabolism during fasting. These models may not adequately reflect the selective effects of GH, and GH receptor (GHR) blockade offers a new model to define the metabolic role of GH.
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of GHR blockade on substrate metabolism and insulin sensitivity during fasting.
Design: We conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study in 10 healthy young men.
Intervention: After 36 h of fasting with saline or pegvisomant (GHR blockade), the subjects were studied during a 4-h basal period and 2.5-h hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp.
Main Outcome: We measured whole-body and forearm glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism, peripheral insulin sensitivity, and acyl and desacyl ghrelin.
Results: GHR blockade significantly suppressed circulating free fatty acids (1226 ± 83 vs. 1074 ± 65 μmol/liter; P = 0.03) and ketone bodies (3080 ± 271 vs. 2015 ± 235 μmol/liter; P ≤ 0.01), as well as forearm uptake of free fatty acids (0.341 ± 0.150 vs. 0.004 ± 0.119 μmol/100 ml · min; P &lt; 0.01) and lipid oxidation (1.3 ± 0.1 vs. 1.2 ± 0.1 mg/kg · min; P = 0.03) in the basal period. By contrast, IGF-I levels in either serum or peripheral tissues were not impacted by GHR blockade, and protein metabolism was also unaffected. Basal glucose levels were elevated by GHR blockade, but insulin sensitivity was similar; this was associated with an increased acyl/desacyl ghrelin ratio.
Conclusion: GHR blockade, without changes in circulating or tissue IGF-I levels, selectively suppresses lipid mobilization and oxidation after short-term fasting. This supports the notion that stimulation of lipolysis is a primary and important effect of GH.
GH receptor blockade during fasting in healthy subjects suppresses lipid metabolism without a change in insulin sensitivity or protein metabolism.
Novel LMF1 Nonsense Mutation in a Patient with Severe Hypertriglyceridemia
Authors: Cefalù Angelo B. , Noto Davide , Arpi Maria Luisa , Yin Fen , Spina Rossella , Hilden Hannele , Barbagallo Carlo M. , Carroccio Antonio , Tarugi Patrizia , Squatrito Sebastiano , Vigneri Riccardo , Taskinen Marja-Riitta , Péterfy Miklós , Averna Maurizio R. 
Published: October 2009

Context: Lipase maturation factor 1 (LMF1) gene is a novel candidate gene in severe hypertriglyceridemia. Lmf1 is involved in the maturation of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic lipase in endoplasmic reticulum. To date only one patient with severe hypertriglyceridemia and related disorders was found to be homozygous for a nonsense mutation in LMF1 gene (Y439X).Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate LMF1 gene in hypertriglyceridemic patients in whom mutations in LPL, APOC2, and APOA5 genes had been excluded.Results: The resequencing of LMF1 gene led to the discovery of a novel homozygous nonsense mutation in one patient with severe hypertriglyceridemia and recurrent episodes of pancreatitis. The mutation causes a G&gt;A substitution in exon 9 (c.1395G&gt;A), leading to a premature stop codon (W464X). LPL activity and mass were reduced by 76 and 50%, respectively, compared with normolipidemic controls. The proband over the years has shown a good response to treatment. The proband’s son, heterozygous for the W464X, shows normal plasma triglyceride levels.Conclusions: We identified the second novel pathogenic mutation in LMF1 gene in a patient with severe hypertriglyceridemia. LPL deficiency in our patient was milder than in the carrier of the Y439X previously described.Identification and functional analysis of a novel nonsense mutation of the LMF1 gene in a patient with severe hypertriglyceridemia.
Association of Variation in the Interleukin-1 Gene Family with Diabetes and Glucose Homeostasis
Authors: Luotola Kari , Pääkkönen Rauni , Alanne Mervi , Lanki Timo , Moilanen Leena , Surakka Ida , Pietilä Arto , Kähönen Mika , Nieminen Markku S. , Kesäniemi Y. Antero , Peters Annette , Jula Antti , Perola Markus , Salomaa Veikko ,   for the Health 2000 AIRGENE Study Groups
Published: October 2009

Objective: Proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β is capable of decreasing insulin-induced glucose transport. Therefore, we hypothesized that genetic variation in the IL-1 gene family is associated with measures of glucose homeostasis and diabetes.
Design and Outcome Measures: Fifteen haplotype-tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-1 receptor antagonist genes were determined in a Finnish population survey (n = 6771). Glucose and insulin concentrations were measured, and indices of insulin resistance and β-cell function were calculated using the homeostasis model assessment. Two-hour oral glucose tolerance tests were carried out on a subsample of 1390 participants. Associations with prevalent diabetes were tested for replication in a sample of European myocardial infarction survivors (n = 972).
Results: The minor allele of the IL-1β rs1143634(G→A) was associated with higher blood glucose than the major allele: 5.37, 5.41, and 5.48 mmol/liter for the GG, AG, and AA genotypes, respectively (multivariate adjusted P for trend &lt;0.0001; Bonferroni corrected P = 0.00096). The 2-h glucose was also higher (6.45 and 7.20 mmol/liter for the GG vs. AA; P = 0.003, Bonferroni corrected P = 0.045). The haplotype ACG of rs1143634, rs3917356, and rs16944 associated with higher glucose, higher homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance index, higher 2-h insulin, and prevalent diabetes (adjusted rate ratio = 1.54; 95% confidence interval = 1.03–2.30; P = 0.037). The association with prevalent diabetes was replicated among European myocardial infarction survivors (rate ratio = 2.09; 95% confidence interval = 1.17–3.76; P = 0.013).
Conclusions: These results suggest that genetic variation in the IL-1 gene family is associated with measures of glucose homeostasis and prevalent diabetes.
Genetic variation in the IL-1 gene family is associated with measures of glucose homeostasis and prevalent diabetes.
Ethnic Variation in Fat and Lean Body Mass and the Association with Insulin Resistance
Authors: Lear Scott A. , Kohli Simi , Bondy Gregory P. , Tchernof André , Sniderman Allan D. 
Published: October 2009

Context: Body fat distribution varies among different ethnic groups, yet less is known regarding differences in lean mass and how this may affect insulin resistance.
Objective: Our objective was to compare total body fat to lean mass ratio (F:LM) in Aboriginal, Chinese, European, and South Asian individuals with differences in insulin resistance.
Participants, Design, and Setting: Aboriginal (196), Chinese (222), European (202), and South Asian (208) individuals were recruited across a range of body mass index to participate in this cross-sectional community study.
Main Outcome Measures: Total body fat, lean mass, and insulin resistance were assessed using homeostasis model assessment (HOMA).
Results: After adjustment for confounders and at a given body fat, South Asian men had less lean mass than Aboriginal [3.42 kg less; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.55–5.29], Chinese (3.01 kg less; 95% CI = 1.33–4.70), and European (3.57 kg less; 95% CI = 1.82–5.33) men, whereas South Asian women had less lean mass than Aboriginal (1.98 kg less; 95% CI = 0.45–3.50), Chinese (2.24 kg less; 95% CI = 0.81–3.68), and European (2.97 kg less; 95% CI = 1.67–4.27) women. In adjusted models, F:LM was higher in South Asian compared with Chinese and European men and higher in South Asian compared with Aboriginal, Chinese, and European women (P &lt; 0.01 for all). Insulin and HOMA were greatest in South Asians after adjustment; however, these differences were no longer apparent when F:LM was considered.
Conclusions: South Asians have a phenotype of high fat mass and low lean mass, which may account for greater levels of insulin and HOMA compared with other ethnic groups.
Obese Children with Low Birth Weight Demonstrate Impaired β-Cell Function during Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
Authors: Brufani Claudia , Grossi Armando , Fintini Danilo , Tozzi Alberto , Nocerino Valentina , Patera Patrizia Ippolita , Ubertini Graziamaria , Porzio Ottavia , Barbetti Fabrizio , Cappa Marco 
Published: October 2009

Objective: Epidemiological studies have shown an association between birth weight and future risk of type 2 diabetes, with individuals born either small or large for gestational age at increased risk. We sought to investigate the influence of birth weight on the relation between insulin sensitivity and β-cell function in obese children.
Subjects and Methods: A total of 257 obese/overweight children (mean body mass index-sd score, 2.2 ± 0.3), aged 11.6 ± 2.3 yr were divided into three groups according to birth weight percentile: 44 were small for gestational age (SGA), 161 were appropriate for gestational age (AGA), and 52 were large for gestational age (LGA). Participants underwent a 3-h oral glucose tolerance test with glucose, insulin, and C-peptide measurements. Homeostasis model of assessment for insulin resistance, insulinogenic index, and disposition index were calculated to evaluate insulin sensitivity and β-cell function. Glucose and insulin area under the curve (AUC) were also considered. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the three groups.
Results: SGA and LGA subjects had higher homeostasis model of assessment for insulin resistance than AGA subjects, but they diverged when oral glucose tolerance test response was considered. Indeed, SGA subjects showed higher glucose AUC and lower insulinogenic and disposition indexes. Insulin AUC was not different between groups, but when singular time points were considered, SGA subjects had lower insulin levels at 30 min and higher insulin levels at 180 min.
Conclusions: SGA obese children fail to adequately compensate for their reduced insulin sensitivity, manifesting deficit in early insulin response and reduced disposition index that results in higher glucose AUC. Thus, SGA obese children show adverse metabolic outcomes compared to AGAs and LGAs.
Small for gestational age obese children manifest a deficit in the early insulin response that results in a higher glucose area under the curve.
MicroRNA 132 Regulates Nutritional Stress-Induced Chemokine Production through Repression of SirT1
Authors: Strum Jay C. , Johnson Jennifer H. , Ward James , Xie Hongbo , Feild John , Hester Austin , Alford Alexander , Waters K. Michelle 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Human adipose tissue secretes a number of proinflammatory mediators that may contribute to the pathophysiology of obesity-related disorders. Understanding the regulatory pathways that control their production is paramount to developing effective therapeutics to treat these diseases. Using primary human adipose-derived stem cells as a source of preadipocytes and in vitro differentiated adipocytes, we found IL-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) are constitutively secreted by both cell types and induced in response to serum deprivation. MicroRNA profiling revealed the rapid induction of microRNA 132 (miR-132) in these cells when switched to serum-free medium. Furthermore, miR-132 overexpression was sufficient to induce nuclear factor-κB translocation, acetylation of p65, and production of IL-8 and MCP-1. Inhibitors of miR-132 decreased acetylated p65 and partially inhibited the production of IL-8 and MCP-1 induced by serum deprivation. MiR-132 was shown to inhibit silent information regulator 1 (SirT1) expression through a miR-132 binding site in the 3′-untranslated region of SirT1. Thus, in response to nutritional availability, induction of miR-132 decreases SirT1-mediated deacetylation of p65 leading to activation of nuclear factor-κB and transcription of IL-8 and MCP-1 in primary human preadipocytes and in vitro differentiated adipocytes.
Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy of Selected Layered Silicates
Authors: Janek Marián , Bugár Ignác , Lorenc Dušan , Szöcs Vojtech , Velič Dušan , Chorvát Dušan 
Published: October 2009

AbstractMicaceous layer silicate clay minerals are attractive materials for applications involving non-linear optics because of their low cost and ability to form well ordered, platy aggregates, but such applications require precise knowledge of the dielectric behavior of the clay. The purpose of the present study was to use Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) to determine the dielectric properties of certain cleavable layered clay minerals, including muscovite, vermiculite, phlogopite, and biotite. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy as well as chemical analysis by Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The THz frequency window investigated was the far-infrared region of 3.3 to ∼40.0 cm−1 corresponding to 0.1 and 1.2 THz, respectively. The samples were selected so that the hydrated form of the interlayer cation, e.g. Mg2+ present in the interlayer gallery of vermiculite, could be compared to species such as phlogopite, biotite, and muscovite with the dehydrated form of interlayer cations such as K+ or Na+. The frequency-dependent complex index of refraction of these natural materials was determined to vary between 2.50 and 2.80. The presence of water in the interlayer space of vermiculite was reflected in the detection of increased values of the absorption index in comparison with the muscovite, phlogopite, and biotite.
The Formation of Layered Double Hydroxides on Alumina Surface in Aqueous Solutions Containing Divalent Metal Cations
Authors: Kovanda František , Mašátová Petra , Novotná Petra , Jirátová Květa 
Published: October 2009

AbstractLayered double hydroxides (LDHs) are often used as precursors for mixed-oxide catalysts and the deposition of a LDH layer on supporting materials would be advantageous because of better utilization of active components. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the formation of LDHs on Al2O3/Al supports prepared by the anodic oxidation of aluminum foil in dilute aqueous solutions of Co, Mn, and/or Ni nitrates. The LDH deposition was carried out under hydrothermal conditions at 80–180°C for periods ranging from 8 h to 7 days. In the initial stages of the reaction, a surface alumina hydration was observed. The LDH phase was detected after long-term deposition (3–7 days) at 120–160°C and only a small amount of Mn was incorporated in the LDHs deposited. In solutions containing only Co and Mn cations, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images show a gradual growth of platy crystals resulting in the formation of discrete bulky aggregates with sizes up to several tens of micrometers. The adhesion of aggregates to the support probably decreased with increasing size and oversized aggregates fell away; none was found in SEM images of the samples obtained after prolonged reaction times. When Ni cations were present in the solution, they were incorporated preferentially into the LDH phase; an homogeneous layer was formed, with single platy crystals oriented perpendicular to the support. After calcination at 500°C, the products formed on Al2O3/Al support exhibited a shift of reduction maxima to higher temperatures in comparison with mixed oxides obtained by thermal decomposition of coprecipitated LDHs.
Magnetic Titanium-Pillared Clays (Ti-M-PILC): Magnetic Studies and Mössbauer Spectroscopy
Authors: Bachir Cherifa , Lan Yanhua , Mereacre Valeriu , Powell Annie K. , Koch Christian Bender , Weidler Peter G. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractPillared clays (PILCs) with magnetic properties are materials with potential for wide application in industry and the environment, but only a few studies of these types of materials have been carried out. The purpose of this study was to advance knowledge of the preparation and magnetic properties of pillared clays by examining in detail a series of magnetic Ti-pillared clays (Ti-M-PILCs). Samples were synthesized at ambient temperature by sodium borohydride reduction of ferrous ions added by ion-exchange to Ti-pillared montmorillonite (Ti-PILCs). The properties of the Ti-M-PILCs were investigated using a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Hysteresis, zero-field-cooled (ZFC), and field-cooled (FC) regimes were measured on different precursor materials prepared by calcination of Ti-PILCs at temperatures between 200 and 600°C. Hysteresis loops, recorded between −7 and 7 T in the temperature range 200–300 K, were observed in most samples depending on the preparation of clays. The ZFC/FC measurements were made after heating from 2 to 300 Kunder an applied magnetic field of 39.8 kA m−1. The influence of the calcination temperature of the starting Ti-PILCs on the structural and magnetic properties of the Ti-M-PILCs was examined. The presence of two different Fe-alloy distributions was found; a dispersed one for the less-calcined Ti-PILCs and clusters for the more-calcined ones.
Natural Rubber Nanocomposites With Organo-Modified Bentonite
Authors: Hrachová Jana , Komadel Peter , Chodák Ivan 
Published: October 2009

AbstractEnhancement of the physico-chemical properties of elastomers can be achieved by the addition of fillers, such as silica, but the search for less expensive alternative materials continues. The objective of this study was to investigate natural or organically modified clay minerals as such an alternative. Organo-clays modified by quaternary ammonium cations with three methyl groups and longest alkyl chains of different lengths were prepared by ion-exchange reaction of the commercial product JP A030 (Envigeo, Slovakia) based on Jelšový Potok bentonite with organic salts: tetramethylammonium (TMA) chloride, octyltrimethylammonium (OTMA) bromide, and octadecyltrimethylammonium (ODTMA) bromide. Physico-chemical characterizations of the organo-clays used as fillers in rubber nanocomposites and their mechanical properties were measured using Fourier transform infrared (IR) spectroscopy, which provided information on the chemical composition of the mineral and on the amount of organic moieties adsorbed. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) was used to monitor the arrangement of organic chains in galleries of montmorillonite and showed that the longest-chain alkylammonium ODTMA+ ions were intercalated between layers, adopting a pseudotrimolecular conformation, while OTMA+ and TMA+ were in monomolecular arrangement. Surface areas were measured by sorption of N2 and ethylene glycol monoethyl ether. Natural rubber-clay nanocomposites were prepared by melt intercalation, in some cases also with addition of silica, a conventional reinforcing filler. The microstructure of montmorillonite in these composites was characterized by XRD analysis. The effect of clay and organo-clays loading from 1 to 10 phr (parts by weight per hundred parts of rubber) on stress at break, strain at break, and Modulus 100 (M100) was investigated by tensile tests. Filler ODTMA-JP A030 appears to be the most effective among the organoclays; surprisingly similar values of composite elongation and strength were obtained with unmodified bentonite JP A030.
The Effect of Structural Order on Nanotubes Derived From Kaolin-Group Minerals
Authors: Matusik Jakub , Gaweł Adam , Bielańska Elżbieta , Osuch Władysław , Bahranowski Krzysztof 
Published: October 2009

AbstractKaolin-group clay minerals can be modified to form nanotubular and mesoporous structures with interesting catalytic properties, but knowledge of the best methods for preparing these structures is still incomplete. The objective of this study was to investigate intercalation/deintercalation as a method for the delamination and rolling of kaolinite layers in relation to structural order. To prepare nanotubular material, kaolinites of different crystallinities and halloysite (all from Polish deposits) were chosen. The experimental procedure consisted of four stages: (1) preparation of a dimethyl sulfoxide precursor intercalate; (2) interlayer grafting with 1,3-butanediol; (3) hexylamine intercalation; and (4) deintercalation of amine-intercalated minerals using toluene as the solvent. Structural perturbations and changes in the morphology of the minerals were examined by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The number of rolled kaolinite layers depended heavily on the efficiency of the intercalation steps. An increase in the structural disorder and extensive delamination of the minerals subjected to chemical treatment were recorded. Kaolinite particles which exhibited tubular morphology or showed rolling effects were observed using TEM. The nanotubes formed were ∼30 nm in diameter, with their length depending on the particle sizes of the minerals.