bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multifunctional ORF3 protein of hepatitis E virus
Authors: Li Xiaoxuan , Sun Xuwen , Pinpin Ji , Zhao Qin , Sun Yani 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging zoonotic pathogen that is transmitted primarily through the fecal‐oral route and can cause acute hepatitis in humans. Since HEV was identified as a zoonotic pathogen, different species of HEV strains have been globally identified from various hosts, leading to an expanding range of hosts. The HEV genome consists of a 5' noncoding region, three open reading frames (ORFs), and a 3' noncoding region. The ORF3 protein is the smallest but has many functions in HEV release and pathogenesis. In this review, we systematically summarize recent progress in understanding the functions of the HEV ORF3 protein in virion release, biogenesis of quasi‐enveloped viruses, antigenicity, and host environmental regulation. This review will help us to understand HEV replication and pathogenesis mechanisms better.
Qingzhuan dark tea polysaccharides‐zinc alleviates dextran sodium sulfate‐induced ulcerative colitis
Authors: Zheng Min , Xie Chen , Ye Dan , Chen Yong , Wang Ziyao , Wang Le , Xiong Fang , Zhang Sheng , He Qiang , Wu Hui , Wu Zhinong , Zhou Hongfu , Li Ling , Xing Jun , Miao Xiaolei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDQingzhuan dark tea polysaccharides (QDTP) have been complexed with Zinc (Zn) to form the Qingzhuan dark tea polysaccharides‐Zinc (QDTP‐Zn) complex. The present study investigated the protective effects of QDTP‐Zn on ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice. The UC mouse model was induced using dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), followed by oral administration of QDTP‐Zn (0.2 and 0.4 g kg−1 day−1).RESULTSQDTP‐Zn demonstrated alleviation of UC symptoms in mice, as evidenced by a decrease in disease activity index scores. QDTP‐Zn also regulated colon tissue injury by upregulating ZO‐1 and occludin protein expression, at the same time as downregulating tumor necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐6β levels. Furthermore, QDTP‐Zn induced significant alterations in the abundance of bacteroidetes and firmicutes and notably increased levels of short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs), particularly acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid.CONCLUSIONIn summary, QDTP‐Zn exhibits therapeutic potential in alleviating enteritis by fortifying the colonic mucosal barrier, mitigating inflammation and modulating intestinal microbiota and SCFAs levels. Thus, QDTP‐Zn holds promise as a functional food for both the prevention and treatment of UC. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Plasticity‐Induced Effects of Theta Burst Transcranial Ultrasound Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Grippe Talyta , Shamli‐Oghli Yazan , Darmani Ghazaleh , Nankoo Jean‐François , Raies Nasem , Sarica Can , Arora Tarun , Gunraj Carolyn , Ding Mandy Yi Rong , Rinchon Cricia , DiLuca Daniel G. , Pichardo Samuel , Cardoso Francisco , Lozano Andres M. , Chen Robert 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundLow‐intensity transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) technique with high spatial specificity. Previous studies showed that TUS delivered in a theta burst pattern (tbTUS) increased motor cortex (MI) excitability up to 30 minutes due to long‐term potentiation (LTP)–like plasticity. Studies using other forms of NIBS suggested that cortical plasticity may be impaired in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).ObjectiveThe aim was to investigate the neurophysiological effects of tbTUS in PD patients off and on dopaminergic medications compared to healthy controls.MethodsWe studied 20 moderately affected PD patients in on and off dopaminergic medication states (7 with and 13 without dyskinesia) and 17 age‐matched healthy controls in a case‐controlled study. tbTUS was applied for 80 seconds to the MI. Motor‐evoked potentials (MEP), short‐interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), and short‐interval intracortical facilitation (SICF) were recorded at baseline, and at 5 minutes (T5), T30, and T60 after tbTUS. Motor Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (mUPDRS) was measured at baseline and T60.ResultstbTUS significantly increased MEP amplitude at T30 compared to baseline in controls and in PD patients on but not in PD patients off medications. SICI was reduced in PD off medications compared to controls. tbTUS did not change in SICI or SICF. The bradykinesia subscore of mUPDRS was reduced at T60 compared to baseline in PD on but not in the off medication state. The presence of dyskinesia did not affect tbTUS‐induced plasticity.ConclusionstbTUS‐induced LTP plasticity is impaired in PD patients off medications and is restored by dopaminergic medications. © 2024 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Quantitative acetone/toluene planar laser‐induced fluorescence measurements of equivalent ratio
Authors: Chang Guang , Yu Xin , Peng Jiangbo , Zhong Hongjie , Men Guannan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this work, we establish a quantitative relationship between the fluorescence signal intensity of acetone and toluene and their concentration, and acetone/toluene planar laser‐induced fluorescence (PLIF) is developed to measure the concentrations of two components simultaneously, providing an equivalent ratio distribution of the flow field. Due to a thorough consideration of the tracer effect on each other's fluorescence signals, the uncertainty in the PLIF concentration measurement is reduced to 10.4%. Experimental results of OH‐PLIF and acetone/toluene PLIF indicate that the equivalence ratio distribution obtained by acetone/toluene PLIF in cold‐state flow fields can be employed to predict and analyze the trend of equivalence ratio distribution in the combustion field.
Efficient strain‐gradient mixed elements using shared degrees of freedom for the discretised fields
Authors: Papanicolopulos Stefanos‐Aldo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA displacement‐only finite‐element formulation of strain‐gradient models requires elements with continuous interpolation. Mixed formulations have been proposed to allow the use of more common element shape functions. These mixed formulations are based on the interpolation of two different fields, displacement and some kind of displacement gradient, with the relation between the two fields enforced using either Lagrange multipliers or penalty methods. All elements proposed in the literature for such formulations use a distinct set of degrees of freedom to discretise each field. In this work, we introduce for the first time shared degrees of freedom, that lead to a mixed formulation with a significantly better numerical performance. We describe how this novel mixed formulation can be derived, present individual elements implementing this, and discuss the significance of the results.
Multiscale simulation and experimental studies on modal damping of ultra‐thick CFRP laminates
Authors: Yan Ling , Li Shuran , Li Mengze , Wang Qing , Ke Yinglin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe vibration characterization of ultra‐thick laminates widely used in aerospace and marine industries was different from that of thin laminates. However, modal testing and simulation methods were generally limited to relatively thin laminates. To explore the vibration behavior of ultra‐thick laminates, a novel multiscale simulation technology based on the representative volume modal strain energy (RVMSE) method is presented for predicting modal damping in this paper. The adaptive Greedy‐Based Generation (GBG) algorithm is used to create a 3D random distribution of fibers for composites. Modal shape information of the structure is obtained according to the Lanczos algorithm, which is used as an input parameter for the microscopic model. This is followed by homogenization based on the volumetric analysis performed on representative volume elements (RVEs) to determine the strain energy in six directions. The calculation of modal damping is performed by using the modal strain energy (MSE) method and the damping properties of the six directions. The fast rate of convergence and high accuracy of the method are demonstrated through different examples. The vibration response predictions produced by novel RVMSE methodology are shown to closely match experimental measurements, providing scope to expand the application of this approach to more complex, ultra‐thick laminate components.Highlights
The RVMSE method uses a higher level of homogenization to overcome the limitations of the traditional MSE method for calculating the damping of ultra‐thick CFRP laminates.
The modal parameter error is controlled to less than 10%, and the experimental results fill the gap of the damping data of ultra‐thick CFRP structure.
The proposed RVMSE model improves the accuracy of dynamic response prediction for ultra‐thick laminates.
Study of the thermomechanical behavior of composite based on Elium acrylic resin, carbon nanotubes, and flax fibers: Experimental approach
Authors: Mendoue D. Koumba , Benelfellah A. , Boumbimba R. Matadi , Royaud I. , Ponçot M. , Wary M. , Noirel C. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study evaluated the effect of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) addition on the thermomechanical, and electrical responses of unidirectional flax fibers/Elium acrylic modified carbon nanotubes‐based composite. The manufacturing process of these laminated composites involved infusing the nanofillers onto the fibers, ensuring good dispersion of MWCNT within the matrix. Regardless of the rate of incorporated nanotubes, this study revealed a significant deterioration of the mechanical properties in tension and viscoelastic properties of the Elium acrylic resin‐based nanocomposite. The electrical conductivity significantly increased for all nanocomposites and laminated composites. In contrast to the nanocomposite, the unidirectional flax fibers/MWCNT/Elium acrylic composite exhibited a considerable improvement in mechanical properties. An increase in Young's modulus and stress at break of about 27% and 23% respectively, was achieved for the material loaded with 2 wt% of MWCNT. The presence of MWCNT reduces the saturation weight by 5% for the unidirectional composite filled with an amount of 1.5 wt% in MWCNT.Highlights
Improving the electrical properties of nanocomposites and unidirectional fibers (UD) composites.
Improving the mechanical properties of Elium/flax/multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) composites.
Influence of MWCNTs on the water absorption of UD composites.
Influence of MWCNT on the glass transition temperature of nanocomposites.
Inhibiting polymerization of MWCNT with Elium.
Multi‐step heating strategy during thermal stabilization of polyacrylonitrile multi‐filament bundle before carbonization
Authors: Hariri Hiba , Tunçel Kemal Şahin , Karacan Ismail 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA polyacrylonitrile (PAN) multi‐filament bundle underwent a multi‐step heat treatment following impregnation with a solution of ammonium bromide, phosphoric acid and urea (A‐P‐U). The multi‐step thermal stabilization process was conducted in an air atmosphere at temperatures ranging from 200 to 245 °C for various stabilization times spanning from 10 to 70 min. Comprehensive analysis of physical and mechanical properties, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and thermal analysis (DSC and TGA) revealed the significant influence of stabilization time on the structure and properties of thermally stabilized PAN multi‐filament bundle. The fiber thickness and linear density of the stabilized fibers decreased by approximately 29.5% and 10.6%, respectively, after 70 min of heat treatment. However, the fiber density value increased from 1.18 to 1.38 g cm−3 during the same stabilization time. Additionally, the carbon yield value obtained using TGA increased from 31% to 73% at 850 °C. The presence of A‐P‐U markedly reduced the time needed for the conversion of the PAN polymer into a cyclized structure through its nitrile groups, thereby accelerating the stabilization reactions. Furthermore, the IR spectra exhibited the appearance of CC bonds, signaling the creation of a crosslinked ladder‐like structure. The XRD traces confirmed the decrease in crystallinity with increasing stabilization time, consistent with the findings from IR spectra. The findings showed that the A‐P‐U integrated system is notably successful and proficient in promoting the cyclization of nitrile groups, thereby decreasing the time needed to establish a thermally stable structure capable of withstanding elevated carbonization temperatures. © 2024 The Author(s). Polymer International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Short‐ and long‐term effects of commercial formulations of imidacloprid, spirotetramat, and mixtures of these active ingredients on pupae of Diaeretiella rapae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and its progeny
Authors: Kolac Julieta , Schneider Marcela Inés , Rimoldi Federico 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDCompatibility studies of insecticides and natural enemies usually focus on short‐term lethal effects, without considering the long‐term sublethal effects (including progeny). Even less‐explored are the effects of commercial insecticides formulated with more than one active product. Short‐ and long‐term lethal and sublethal effects were studied for the first time on the progeny of commercial formulations of spirotetramat, imidacloprid and a commercial mixture of these active ingredients on pupae of Diaeretiella rapae (M'ntosh) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), an endoparasitoid of aphids considered to be a potential biological control agent. Insecticides were exposed topically on aphid mummies in which the parasitoid was in the pupal stage.RESULTSImidacloprid reduced adult emergence by more than 30% and prolonged intra‐host development time with respect to control from half the maximum recommended field dose (MFRD). Spirotetramat and commercial mixture only showed significant effects on these endpoints at doses above the MFRD. The tested formulations did not affect adult longevity, sex ratio, and percentage of parasitism in the exposed generation. At low concentrations the active ingredients in the commercial mixture behave synergistically, whereas at medium and high concentrations they behave antagonistically. Considering the 10% lethal dose (LD10), imidacloprid showed the highest hazard coefficient, whereas the commercial mixture was more hazardous when considering the LD50 and LD90. The commercial mixture and imidacloprid induced higher adult emergence and altered the sex ratio in the progeny.CONCLUSIONSThe following order of toxicity on D. rapae can be established: imidacloprid > commercial mixture > spirotetramat. Joint use of this species with imidacloprid and commercial mixture should be avoided in integrated pest management programs. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
A new ring fixator system for automated bone fixation
Authors: Aydi(ı)n Ahmet , U(Ü)n M. Kerem 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn the field of orthopaedics, external fixators are commonly employed for treating extremity fractures and deformities. Computer‐assisted systems offer a promising and less error‐prone treatment alternative to manual fixation by utilising a software to plan treatments based on radiological and clinical data. Nevertheless, existing computer‐assisted systems have limitations and constraints.MethodsThis work represents the culmination of a project aimed at developing a new automatised fixation system and a corresponding software to minimise human intervention and associated errors, and the developed system incorporates enhanced functionalities and has fewer constraints compared to existing systems.ResultsThe automatised fixation system and its graphical user interface (GUI) demonstrate promising results in terms of accuracy, efficiency, and reliability.ConclusionThe developed fixation system and its accompanying GUI represent an improvement in computer‐assisted fixation systems. Future research may focus on further refining the system and conducting clinical trials.
High Voltage Asymmetric Supercapacitors Using Tungsten‐Doped Mn‐Co Spinel Ferrite Electrodes
Authors: Alqarni Ameerah N. , Cevik Emre , Almessiere M. A. , Baykal A. , Gondal M. A. , Bozkurt Ayhan , Iqbal Arfa , Asiri Sarah M. , Slimani Y. , Gunday Seyda T. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPhysicochemical properties emerging nanomaterials possessing tungsten (W) are unique and the applications could be extended over a wide spectrum as nanocomposite electrodes for effective high voltage energy storage applications. Herewith, W doped spinel ferrite nanostructures was synthesized with facile hydrothermal strategy to get MnCo1.98W0.02O4(MnCoW). The spectroscopic characterization studies proved spherical subunits embedded onto nanosheets formed by W doped bimetallic oxide with a crystalline phase. The resistance due to charge transfer of the electrodes was reduced which led to enhanced transfer of charge across interface of electrode and electrolyte was addressed upon W doping. Carbon based nanocomposite electrodes endowed by their unique structures and the electrochemical performance with various aqueous electrolytes were tested in an asymmetric supercapacitor application. Excellent capacitance development from 141.2 F g−1to 203.7 F g−1was achieved by W doping possessing an energy density of 17.9 Wh kg−1. A superior capacitance retention of 91 % was obtained from MnCoW‐based device right after 10000 cycles (charging/discharging) at 1 A g−1. The designed supercapacitor device employing MnCoW electrode exhibited better lifetime performance during lighting a LED under various angles.
Prediction of mechanical properties of high‐performance concrete and ultrahigh‐performance concrete using soft computing techniques: A critical review
Authors: Kumar Rakesh , Rai Baboo , Samui Pijush 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA cement‐based material that meets the general goals of mechanical properties, workability, and durability as well as the ever‐increasing demands of environmental sustainability is produced by varying the type and quantity of individual constituents in high‐performance concrete (HPC) and ultrahigh‐performance concrete (UHPC). Expensive and time‐consuming laboratory experiments can be used to estimate the properties of concrete mixtures and elements. As an alternative, these attributes can be approximated by means of predictive models created through the application of artificial intelligence (AI) methodologies. AI approaches are among the most effective ways to solve engineering problems due to their capacity for pattern recognition and knowledge processing. Machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) are a subfield of AI that is gaining popularity across many scientific domains as a result of its many benefits over statistical and experimental models. These include, but are not limited to, better accuracy, faster performance, greater responsiveness in complex environments, and lower economic costs. In order to assess the critical features of the literature, a comprehensive review of ML and DL applications for HPC and UHPC was conducted in this study. This paper offers a thorough explanation of the fundamental terms and ideas of ML and DL algorithms that are frequently used to predict mechanical properties of HPC and UHPC. Engineers and researchers working with construction materials will find this paper useful in helping them choose accurate and appropriate methods for their needs.
Automated multivolume placental reconstruction using three‐dimensional power Doppler ultrasound and infrared camera tracking
Authors: Xue A. , Hanly R. , Luichareonkit D. , Thomas S. , Barber T. , Welsh A. W. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivePlacental insufficiency contributes to many obstetric pathologies however there is no bedside clinical tool to evaluate placental perfusion. We have developed a method to acquire multiple three‐dimensional power Doppler ultrasound (3D PD‐US) volumes of placental vasculature with infrared camera tracking providing global coordinates. These are automatically reconstructed (‘stitched’) into a model of the entire placenta. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the accuracy of automated reconstruction in an US phantom and apply this technique to human placentas.MethodsA custom‐designed acrylic phantom was constructed with dimensions mimicking a third‐trimester placenta, containing 12 quadrilateral towers of varying heights submersed in tissue‐mimicking solution. Triplicated three‐dimensional ultrasound volumes of this phantom were acquired at three different acquisition angles using infrared camera tracking. Data was transformed into a three‐dimensional cartesian volume and automatically stitched.A single‐centre, cross‐sectional feasibility study was conducted on uncomplicated second‐to‐third trimester singleton pregnancies using standardised obstetric settings. Multiple 3D PD‐US and grayscale volumes of the placenta were acquired with infrared camera tracked coordinates. Volumes were stitched to create a model of placental vasculature.Results6 phantom datasets were reconstructed at each of 3 volume angles with a median of 9 volumes required. Perfect volume alignment occurred in 66.7% of 648 datapoints. Mean distance error for volume misalignment was 2.92mm. Measurements of 210 distances in each stitched volume (2160 total distances) differed an average of 1.51mm from true measurements. These compare favourably with recent literature, though for a substantially larger phantom. 17 participants were scanned with 92% reconstruction success per placental volume set and 100% participant achievability. Median reconstruction time was 10 minutes. Placental vasculature was qualitatively assessed to be present, continuous, and detailed throughout. Volume measurement of entire segmented placentas was highly repeatable (ICC 0.96).ConclusionWe present an automated method to model the entire structure and vasculature of second‐to‐third trimester placentas, with verified accuracy and clinical feasibility for grayscale and power Doppler. This study builds the foundation to develop a practical screening tool for detecting placental insufficiency, and expansion to adult organ perfusion evaluation.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Spindle black holes and mass-deformed ABJM
Authors: Suh Minwoo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
By extending the method developed by Arav, Gauntlett, Roberts and Rosen, we construct supersymmetric AdS2 × ⅀ solutions of gauged $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 8 supergravity which are asymptotic to the SU(3) × U (1)-invariant Warner fixed point, where ⅀ is a spindle. The Warner fixed point is dual to the mass-deformed ABJM theory. The solutions are in the anti-twist class. We numerically calculate the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of the presumed black holes with the AdS2 × ⅀ horizon.
Arthrosen des Handgelenks
Authors: Deglmann C. J. 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungDer Begriff Handgelenkarthrose kann als Überbegriff für verschiedene, oft unabhängige Arthrosebereiche verwendet werden, da das Handgelenk aus mehreren Teilbereichen zusammengesetzt ist. Die radiokarpale Arthrose entsteht oft nach nicht therapierten Bandverletzungen, bei fehlheilenden Knochenfrakturen im Carpus oder nach Radiusfrakturen mit Gelenkbeteiligung. Eine typische Sequenz der Ausbreitung ist bekannt für die radiokarpale Arthrose nach SL(skapholunär)-Insuffizienz oder Skaphoidpseudarthrose. Zu den weiteren Ursachen zählen Entzündungen, Kristallablagerungen oder Knochennekrosen. Die ulnokarpale Arthrose tritt bei Niveauunterschieden zwischen Ulna und Radius posttraumatisch oder auch primär auf. Bei der Therapie der Handgelenkarthrose sollte nach Ausschöpfung von konservativen Maßnahmen ein operatives Verfahren gewählt werden, das unter Berücksichtigung der operativen Risiken und des individuellen Anspruchs eine möglichst gute Belastung und Restbeweglichkeit ermöglicht. Bei Rettungsoperationen werden die defekten Knorpelbereiche entweder direkt fusioniert oder durch geeignete umleitende Teilfusionen und Resektionsarthroplastiken ausgeschaltet. Die genaue Analyse der betroffenen Zonen ist entscheidend für die Auswahl eines geeigneten Eingriffs.