bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between gambling behaviour and gambling‐related harm: A data fusion approach using open banking data
Authors: Zendle David , Newall Philip 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and aimsUK‐based gambling policymakers have proposed affordability checks starting at monthly losses of £125. The present study combines open banking data with self‐reports of the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI) and other relevant information to explore the harm profiles of people who gamble at different levels of electronic gambling behaviour.Design, setting and participantsThis was a data fusion study in which participants consented to share their bank data via an open banking application programming interface (API) and who also completed relevant self‐report items. Hierarchical hurdle models were used to predict being an at‐risk gambler (PGSI > 0) and being a ‘higher‐risk’ gambler (higher PGSI scores among those with non‐zero scores) using four specifications of electronic gambling behaviour (net‐spend, outgoing expenditure, incoming withdrawals, interaction model combining expenditure and withdrawals), and by adding self‐reported data across two additional steps. The study took place in the United Kingdom. Participants were past‐year people who gamble (n = 424), recruited via Prolific.MeasurementsSelf‐report measures were used of gambling‐related harm (PGSI), depression [Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ‐9)], age and gender; bank‐recorded measures of income and electronic gambling behaviour.FindingsUnharmed gamblers had an average monthly gambling net‐spend of £16.41, compared with £208.91 among highest‐risk gamblers (PGSI ≥ 5). Being an at‐risk gambler (PGSI > 0) was predicted significantly by all four types of gambling behaviour throughout all three steps [1.08 ≤ odds ratios (ORs) ≤ 2.92; Ps < 0.001), with only outgoing expenditure being significant in the interaction model (2.26 ≤ ORs ≤ 2.81; Ps < 0.001). Higher PHQ‐9 scores also predicted at‐risk gambling in steps 2–3 (1.09 ≤ ORs ≤ 1.10; Ps < 0.001), as did lower age (0.95 ≤ ORs ≤ 0.96; Ps < 0.001) and male gender identity in step 3 (2.51 ≤ ORs ≤ 2.95; Ps < 0.001). Being a higher‐risk gambler was predicted significantly by gambling behaviour only in the expenditure‐only (1.16 ≤ ORs ≤ 1.17; Ps ≤ 0.048) and withdrawal‐only (1.08 ≤ ORs ≤ 1.09; Ps ≤ 0.004) models, and was not predicted by income (0.98 ≤ ORs ≤ 1.14; Ps ≥ 0.601), age (0.98 ≤ ORs ≤ 0.99; Ps ≥ 0.143) or male gender identity (1.07 ≤ ORs ≤ 1.15; Ps ≥ 0.472).ConclusionThe UK government's proposed affordability checks for gamblers should rarely affect people who are not experiencing gambling‐related harm. At‐risk gambling is predicted well by different types of gambling behaviour. Novel insights about gambling can be generated by fusing self‐reported and objective data.
Gilteritinib with or without venetoclax for relapsed/refractory FLT3‐mutated acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Kugler Eitan , Cohen Inbar , Amitai Irina , Ram Ron , Frisch Avraham , Nachmias Boaz , Canaani Jonathan , Moshe Yakir , Krayem Baher , Aumann Shlomzion , Henig Israel , Vainstein Vladimir , Shargian Liat , Ganzel Chezi , Yeshurun Moshe , Levi Itay , Raanani Pia , Akria Luiza , Ofran Yishai , Shimony Shai , Wolach Ofir 
Published: May 2024

SummaryPatients with FLT3‐mutated acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) that relapse or are refractory (R/R) to intensive induction have poor outcomes. Gilteritinib has recently become standard‐of‐care for patients with R/R FLT3‐mutated AML. We investigated whether adding venetoclax to gilteritinib (gilt‐ven) improves outcomes as compared with gilteritinib monotherapy. We included patients treated with gilteritinib (n = 19) and gilt‐ven (n = 17) for R/R AML after intensive chemotherapy. Gilteritinib and gilt‐ven groups did not differ in terms of mCRc rates (53% and 65%, p = 0.51) and realization of allogeneic haematopoietic stem‐cell transplantation (HSCT, 47% and 35%, p = 0.5). Overall survival (OS) was comparable between groups, although a trend towards better OS was seen with gilt‐ven (12‐month OS 58.8% [95% CI 39.5%–87.6%]) versus gilteritinib (42.1% [95% CI 24.9%–71.3%] for gilteritinib). Early salvage with gilt‐ven versus any other gilteritinib‐based approach was associated with the best outcome (p = 0.031). Combination therapy was associated with increased haematological toxicity. In summary, gilt‐ven did not improve remissions or HSCT‐realization rates in patients with R/R FLT3‐mutated AML as compared with gilteritinib and was associated with increased haematological toxicity. Although OS did not differ, a trend towards better survival was suggested with gilt‐ven and a survival benefit was shown for gilt‐ven approach when sequenced early for salvage.
ZEB1‐AS1 mediates bone metastasis through targeting miR‐320b/BMPR1A axis in lung cancer
Authors: Tan Nianxi , Tang Junyi , Chen Guang , Jiang Weilin , Liu Zhiqin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the role and regulatory mechanism of lncRNA ZEB1‐AS1 in lung cancer.MethodsThe expression of ZEB1‐AS1 and miR‐320b was determined by qRT‐PCR. Cell viability, proliferation migration, and invasion were assessed using the CCK‐8, colony‐forming, and Transwell assay. EMT markers were quantified using western blot. The growth of subcutaneous tumor growth and metastatic bone tumors was evaluated in mouse model of lung cancer. Additionally, metastatic bone tumors were examined using H&E staining.ResultsZEB1‐AS1 expression was upregulated, while miR‐320b levels were downregulated in lung cancer. Knockdown of ZEB1‐AS1 resulted in a significant suppression of cell viability, proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT in A549 cells. Furthermore, we confirmed the targeting relationship between ZEB1‐AS1 and miR‐320b, as well as between miR‐320b and BMPR1A. Our findings suggested that ZEB1‐AS1 regulated cell viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion, as well as EMT, in lung cancer cells by targeting the miR‐320b/BMPR1A axis. Moreover, our in vivo experiments confirmed that ZEB1‐AS1 mediated bone metastasis through targeting miR‐320b/BMPR1A axis in mice with lung cancer.ConclusionZEB1‐AS1 mediated bone metastasis through targeting miR‐320b/BMPR1A axis in lung cancer.
Scent of a frog: Can conservation detection dogs be used to locate endangered amphibians in the wild?
Authors: Gilbert Deon J. , Magrath Michael J. L. , Edwards Luke , Byrne Phillip G. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn recent years, the potential to locate endangered animals using scent trained detection dogs (conservation detection dogs) has gained attention. Among vertebrates, conservation detection dogs have demonstrated a remarkable capacity to detect the scent of endangered mammals, reptiles, and birds, but their use in detecting amphibians is only beginning to be explored. A lack of work in this area is surprising given that amphibians are declining faster than any other vertebrate taxa. Moreover, amphibians are generally small, highly cryptic and breed in complex habitats, making them difficult to locate for the purpose of monitoring or establishing conservation breeding programs. This study aimed to provide a preliminary investigation into whether conservation detection dogs can be imprinted on the scent of the critically endangered Baw Baw frog (Philoria frosti) under captive conditions, and then effectively trained to locate wild frogs in their complex natural habitat. Two conservation detection dogs were trained to identify and locate P. frosti scent under controlled conditions before assessing their ability to locate wild P. frosti. Both conservation detection dogs were effective at locating P. frosti scent under controlled conditions, and also demonstrated an ability to detect live frogs under natural conditions. From an applied perspective, our findings provide new evidence that conservation detection dogs are capable of learning to detect the scent of small, cryptic anuran species. They also indicate that detection dogs are capable of locating frogs in highly complex forest habitat, confirming their untapped potential to aid in the management of imperiled species that have previously proven difficult to detect, monitor, and protect. We discuss the limitations of our approach and provide recommendations to help direct future amphibian conservation detection dog research.
The NHS Low‐Calorie Diet Digital Programme: Fidelity of behaviour change technique delivery
Authors: Radley Duncan , Evans Tamla S. , Marwood Jordan , Keyworth Chris , Homer Catherine , Ells Louisa J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimsNHS England commissioned independent service providers to deliver the NHS Low‐Calorie Diet Programme pilot. Previous research has illustrated a drift in the fidelity of behaviour change techniques (BCTs) during the delivery of the programme provided through face‐to‐face group or one‐to‐one behavioural support. The aim of this study was to assess the delivery fidelity of the BCT content in the digital delivery of the programme.MethodsOnline, app chat and phone call support content was coded using The Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy. BCTs delivered by each service provider (N = 2) were calculated and compared to the BCTs specified in the NHS service specification and those specified in the providers' programme plans.ResultsBetween 78% and 83% of the BCTs identified in the NHS service specification were delivered by the service providers. The fidelity of BCT delivery to those specified in providers' programme plans was 60%–65% for provider A, and 82% for provider B.ConclusionsThe BCT content of the digital model used in the NHS‐LCD programme adhered well to the NHS service specification and providers' plans. It surpassed what has been previously observed in face‐to‐face services provided through group or one‐on‐one behavioural support models.
Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and tolerability of an aqueous formulation of rusfertide (PTG‐300), a hepcidin mimetic, in healthy volunteers: A double‐blind first‐in‐human study
Authors: Modi Nishit B. , Shames Richard , Lickliter Jason D. , Gupta Suneel 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesRusfertide is a potent peptide mimetic of hepcidin being investigated for the treatment of polycythemia vera. This randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind study evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of single and repeated subcutaneous doses of an aqueous formulation of rusfertide in healthy adult males.MethodsSubjects received single doses of 1, 3, 10, 20, 40, or 80 mg rusfertide or placebo. A separate cohort of subjects received two doses of 40 mg rusfertide or placebo 1 week apart. Blood samples for pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics were collected, and adverse events, clinical laboratory tests, 12‐lead electrocardiograms, and vital signs were monitored.ResultsRusfertide was well tolerated. There were no serious or severe treatment‐emergent adverse events, and no patterns of clinically important adverse events, or laboratory, vital sign, or electrocardiogram abnormalities. Mean maximum rusfertide plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the concentration–time curve increased with dose, but less than dose proportionally. Median time to Cmax was 2–4.5 h for 40 and 80 mg rusfertide and 8–24 h for lower doses. Apparent clearance and half‐life increased with dose. Single doses of rusfertide 1–80 mg were associated with dose‐dependent decreases in serum iron and transferrin‐iron saturation.ConclusionsRusfertide was well tolerated and showed dose‐dependent pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
Microbial symbionts buffer hosts from the demographic costs of environmental stochasticity
Authors: Fowler Joshua C. , Ziegler Shaun , Whitney Kenneth D. , Rudgers Jennifer A. , Miller Tom E. X. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSpecies' persistence in increasingly variable climates will depend on resilience against the fitness costs of environmental stochasticity. Most organisms host microbiota that shield against stressors. Here, we test the hypothesis that, by limiting exposure to temporally variable stressors, microbial symbionts reduce hosts' demographic variance. We parameterized stochastic population models using data from a 14‐year symbiont‐removal experiment including seven grass species that host Epichloë fungal endophytes. Results provide novel evidence that symbiotic benefits arise not only through improved mean fitness, but also through dampened inter‐annual variance. Hosts with “fast” life‐history traits benefited most from symbiont‐mediated demographic buffering. Under current climate conditions, contributions of demographic buffering were modest compared to benefits to mean fitness. However, simulations of increased stochasticity amplified benefits of demographic buffering and made it the more important pathway of host–symbiont mutualism. Microbial‐mediated variance buffering is likely an important, yet cryptic, mechanism of resilience in an increasingly variable world.
Effects of sexual orientation‐based prejudice and discrimination in family of origin on depressive symptoms and life satisfaction in a Chinese sample: Reciprocal and authoritarian filial piety as moderators
Authors: Liu Fangsong , Chong Eddie S. K. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractExperiencing prejudice and discrimination from family has been found to be positively associated with mental health problems among sexual minorities. Emerging evidence also shows the value of contextualizing the internalization of minority stress by considering individual cultural factors, such as filial piety. We examined whether authoritarian filial piety (AFP) and reciprocal filial piety (RFP) moderated the link between distal stressors in one's family and mental health outcomes. A total of 362 (56.9% male; age: M = 24.55, SD = 6.60) Chinese lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer/questioning, and other non‐heterosexual (LGBQ+) individuals participated in this study. They provided demographic information and completed a battery of measures for AFP and RFP, sexual orientation‐based prejudice and discrimination in family of origin (SOPDF), depressive symptoms, and life satisfaction. Structural equation modeling results showed that SOPDF had a positive and negative link with depressive symptoms and life satisfaction, respectively. In addition, we identified AFP and RFP as significant moderators for the association between SOPDF and depressive symptoms, and the association between SOPDF and life satisfaction, respectively. Specifically, the positive effect of SOPDF on depressive symptoms was greater for participants with higher levels of AFP; the negative effect of SOPDF on life satisfaction was greater for participants who endorsed higher levels of RFP. Our findings corroborated past studies' conclusion about the detrimental impact of familial sexual stigma on LGBQ+ people's mental health. Furthermore, such impact on negative and positive mental health outcomes are respectively conditioned by the degree to which LGBQ+ individuals endorse AFP and RFP. These findings underscore the importance for therapists who endorse family therapy to help LGBQ+ clients navigate familial sexual stigma and consider the role of filial piety beliefs in shaping the impact of familial sexual stigma on these clients' mental health.
A retrospective review of sex differences of white matter hyperintensities in brain MRI of patients with migraine
Authors: Su Ye , Tay Victoria Q. , Singh Satinderpal , Leary Megan C. , Koss Vitaliy , Kincaid Hope M. , Yacoub Hussam A. , Castaldo John 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe primary objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) in patients who experience migraine and compare findings between adult male and female patients. Specific symptoms and comorbidities also were analyzed to determine whether they were associated with WMH prevalence or the sex of patients with migraine. We hypothesized that females would have a higher prevalence of WMHs, experience more frequent and more severe migraine headaches, and be more likely to have certain comorbidities associated with migraine than males.BackgroundAn increased prevalence of WMHs in patients with migraine has been proposed, although this relation is not well‐supported by data from population‐based MRI studies. The difference in brain morphology between males and females is of research interest, and females in the general population appear to have a higher prevalence of WMHs. Sex differences and various comorbidities in patients with migraine relative to the number of WMHs on brain imaging have not been fully investigated.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study of 177 patients aged 18 years and older with a diagnosis of migraine who were seen in the Lehigh Valley Fleming Neuroscience Institute's Headache Center between January 1, 2000, and January 1, 2017. Patients' baseline characteristics were extracted from electronic medical records, including demographics, review of systems documentation, and brain imaging from MRI. Variables including headache severity, frequency of head pain, insomnia, and comorbidities (anxiety, depression, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and neck pain) also were analyzed for associations with the presence of WMHs.ResultsFemales were found to have a significantly higher number of WMHs than males (median 3 [IQR: 0–7] vs. 0 [IQR: 0–3], p = 0.023). Patients with WMHs were significantly more likely than those without WMHs to have hypertension (39.8% of patients with WMHs vs. 20.3% without WMHs, p = 0.011), constipation (20.9% vs. 8.3%, p = 0.034), and sleep disorder (55.7% vs. 37.3%, p = 0.022). Females with migraine were significantly more likely to experience constipation than males (20.0% vs. 2.9%, p = 0.015). None of the migraine characteristics studied (frequency, severity, presence of aura) were different between sexes, nor were they significantly associated with the presence of WMHs.ConclusionThis study suggests that females with migraine may be more likely to have WMHs and experience constipation than males with migraine. Migraine frequency and severity were not different between sexes, nor were they significantly associated with the presence of WMHs. The findings of this study do not support a specific etiology of WMH development in individuals with migraine that differs from findings in the general population. Further studies are warranted.
Using co‐design methods to develop new personalised support for people living with Long Covid: The ‘LISTEN’ intervention
Authors: Jones Fiona , Domeny Anne , Fish Jessica , Leggat Fiona , Patel Ian , McRae Jackie , Rowe Carol , Busse Monica E. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionMany Covid‐19 survivors are living with unresolved, relapsing and remitting symptoms and no ‘one size’ of treatment is likely to be effective for everyone. Supported self‐management for the varied symptoms of Long Covid (LC) is recommended by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence in the United Kingdom. We aimed to develop a new personalised support intervention for people living with LC using a structured co‐design framework to guide replication and evaluation.MethodsWe used the improvement methodology, Experience‐Based Co‐Design, in an accelerated form to harness the collective experiences of people with LC. Incorporating evidence from ‘Bridges Self‐Management’ (Bridges) an approach in which healthcare professionals (HCPs)are trained to support knowledge, confidence and skills of individuals living with long term conditions. Co‐designed resources are also central to Bridges. Adults who self‐identified as living with or recovered from LC, from England or Wales, aged 18 years and over were recruited, and HCPs, with experience of supporting people with LC. Participants took part in a series of small co‐design group meetings and larger mixed meetings to agree priorities, core principles and generate resources and intervention content.ResultsPeople with LC (n = 28), and HCPs (n = 9) supported co‐design of a book (hard‐copy and digital form) to be used in 1:1 support sessions with a trained HCP. Co‐design stages prioritised stories about physical symptoms first, and psychological and social challenges which followed, nonlinear journeys and reconceptualising stability as progress, rich descriptions of strategies and links to reputable advice and support for navigating healthcare services. Co‐design enabled formulation of eight core intervention principles which underpinned the training and language used by HCPs and fidelity assessments.ConclusionWe have developed a new personalised support intervention, with core principles to be used in one‐to‐one sessions delivered by trained HCPs, with a new co‐designed book as a prompt to build personalised strategies and plans using narratives, ideas, and solutions from other people with LC. Effectiveness and cost effectiveness of the ‘LISTEN’ intervention will be evaluated in a randomised controlled trial set within the context of the updated Framework for Developing and Evaluating Complex Interventions.Patient and Public ContributionThe LISTEN Public and Patient Involvement (PPI) group comprised seven people living with LC. They all contributed to the design of this study and five members were part of a larger co‐design community described in this paper. They have contributed to this paper by interpreting stages of intervention design and analysis of results. Three members of our PPI group are co‐authors of this paper.
LABOR MARKET INSTITUTIONS AND FERTILITY
Authors: Guner Nezih , Kaya Ezgi , Sánchez‐Marcos Virginia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSome high‐income countries have total fertility rates as low as one child. Using Spanish administrative data, we document that temporary contracts correlate with lower first birth rates. Also, women with children are less likely to work split‐shift jobs with long breaks in the middle of the day. We build a life‐cycle model where women decide on labor supply and fertility. We show that reforms eliminating duality or split‐shift jobs raise women's labor participation, narrow the employment gap between mothers and nonmothers, and boost fertility for working women. These reforms, together with childcare subsidies, increase married women's fertility to 1.8 children.