bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nesting Ecology of Greater Sage‐Grouse Centrocercus urophasianus at the Eastern Edge of their Historic Distribution
Authors: Herman‐Brunson Katie M. , Jensen Kent C. , Kaczor Nicholas W. , Swanson Christopher C. , Rumble Mark A. , Klaver Robert W. 
Published: October 2009

Greater sage‐grouse Centrocercus urophasianus populations in North Dakota declined approximately 67% between 1965 and 2003, and the species is listed as a Priority Level 1 Species of Special Concern by the North Dakota Game and Fish Department. The habitat and ecology of the species at the eastern edge of its historical range is largely unknown. We investigated nest site selection by greater sage‐grouse and nest survival in North Dakota during 2005 – 2006. Sage‐grouse selected nest sites in sagebrush Artemisia spp. with more total vegetative cover, greater sagebrush density, and greater 1‐m visual obstruction from the nest than at random sites. Height of grass and shrub (sagebrush) at nest sites were shorter than at random sites, because areas where sagebrush was common were sites in low seral condition or dense clay or clay‐pan soils with low productivity. Constant survival estimates of incubated nests were 33% in 2005 and 30% in 2006. Variables that described the resource selection function for nests were not those that modeled nest survival. Nest survival was positively influenced by percentage of shrub (sagebrush) cover and grass height. Daily nest survival decreased substantially when percentage of shrub cover declined below about 9% and when grass heights were less than about 16 cm. Daily nest survival rates decreased with increased daily precipitation.
Treatment of metastatic spinal tumors by percutaneous vertebroplasty versus percutaneous vertebroplasty combined with interstitial implantation of 125I seeds
Authors: Yang Zuozhang , Yang Dakuan , Xie Lin , Sun Yuqing , Huang Yunchao , Sun Hongpu , Liu Pengjie , Wu Zhongxiong 
Published: October 2009

Background: As the most frequent bone metastasis, spinal metastases cause severe pain and damage to vertebral bodies such as spinal osteolytic destruction and compression fractures. To avoid the trauma and complications of open surgery, a minimally invasive procedure, percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP), has recently been developed to treat metastatic spinal tumors. Purpose: To analyze the treatment outcomes of metastatic spinal tumors by percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) alone or PVP combined with interstitial implantation of 125I seeds. Material and Methods: 80 patients with metastatic spinal tumors were randomized to receive PVP alone (40 cases) or PVP combined with 125I seed implantation (40 cases). Digital subtraction angiography (DSA)-guided vertebroplasty was performed under local anesthesia, and acrylic bone cement was injected into the vertebra through a bone trocar to the center of the lesion, with or without simultaneous interstitial implantation of 125I seeds. Results: At 6-month follow-up, PVP combined with 125I seed implantation resulted in zero cases with complete relief (CR), 36 with partial relief (PR), four with no changes (NC), and zero with progression of disease (PD), while PVP alone without seed implantation resulted in 0 CR, 31 PR, 7 NC, and 2 PD. While the combined-treatment group and the single-PVP group showed overall clinical benefit rates without significant difference (100% and 95.0%, respectively), their visual analogue pain scales (VAS; 2.26±1.05 and 5.41±0.94, respectively) and Karnofsky performance scores (KPS; 92.5±7.1 and 87.7±7.3, respectively) were significantly different after treatment ( P = 0.028 and P = 0.009, respectively). Patients in both groups had 1-year follow-up, and the mean time to tumor progression (TTP) was 9.0 and 8.9 months, respectively (not significant). Conclusion: PVP is a minimally invasive procedure with small wounds and minor complications. It is effective in the alleviation of pain in metastatic spinal tumor patients, and its clinical outcomes can be enhanced by the combination of interstitial implantation of 125I seeds.
Maximizing the extent of tumor resection during transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary macroadenomas: can endoscopy replace intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging?
Authors: Theodosopoulos Philip V. , Leach James , Kerr Robert G. , Zimmer Lee A. , Denny Amanda M. , Guthikonda Bharat , Froelich Sebastien , Tew John M. 
Published: October 2009

Object
Endoscopic approaches to pituitary tumors have become an effective alternative to traditional microscopic transsphenoidal approaches. Despite a proven potential to decrease unexpected residual tumor, intraoperative MR (iMR) imaging is infrequently used even in the few operating environments in which such technology is available. Its use is prohibitive because of its cost, increased complexity, and longer operative times. The authors assessed the potential of intrasellar endoscopy to replace the need for iMR imaging without sacrificing the maximum extent of resection.

Methods
In this retrospective study, 27 consecutive patients underwent fully endoscopic resection of pituitary macroadenomas. Intrasellar endoscopy was used to determine the presence of residual tumor within the sella turcica and tumor cavity. Intraoperative MR imaging was used to identify rates of unexpected residual tumor and the need for further tumor resection.

Results
Intraoperative estimates of the extent of tumor resection were correct in 23 patients (85%). Of 4 patients with unacceptable tumor residuals, 3 underwent further tumor resection. After iMR imaging, the rate of successful completion of the planned extent of resection increased to 26 patients (96%). Rates of both endocrinopathy reversal and postoperative complications were consistent with previously published results for microscopic and endoscopic resection techniques.

Conclusions
The findings in this study provided quantitative evidence that intrasellar endoscopy has significant promise for maximizing the extent of tumor resection and is a useful adjunct to surgical approaches to pituitary tumors, particularly when iMR imaging is unavailable. A larger prospective study on the extent of resection following endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery would strengthen these findings.
Association of a younger age with an increased risk of angiographic and symptomatic vasospasms following subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Magge Suresh N. , Chen H. Isaac , Ramakrishna Rohan , Cen Liyi , Chen Zhen , Elliott J. Paul , Winn H. Richard , Le Roux Peter D. 
Published: October 2009

Object
Vasospasm is a leading cause of morbidity and death following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). It is important to predict which patients are at risk for vasospasm so that interventions can be made. There are several potential risk factors for vasospasm, one of which is age. However, the effect of age on vasospasm, particularly symptomatic vasospasm, remains controversial.

Methods
Three hundred ninety-one patients were retrospectively identified from a prospective observational database of patients with SAH who had been admitted to a single center. Demographic and clinical data were recorded, and cerebral angiograms obtained at admission and between 5 and 10 days later were compared. The relationship between age and angiographic and symptomatic vasospasms was examined using logistic regression techniques.

Results
Mild (86 patients), moderate (69 patients), severe (56 patients), and no angiographic vasospasms (180 patients) were documented by comparing admission and follow-up angiograms in each patient. Symptomatic vasospasm was identified in 69 patients (17.6%). Angiographic vasospasm was more frequent as age decreased. Except in patients < 30 years old, the frequency of symptomatic vasospasm also increased with decreasing age (p = 0.0001). After adjusting for variables known to be associated with vasospasm, an advanced age was associated with a reduced incidence of any angiographic vasospasm (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.94–0.97), severe angiographic vasospasm (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.95–0.98), and symptomatic vasospasm (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.96–0.99).

Conclusions
Results in this study show that a younger age is associated with an increased incidence of angiographic and symptomatic vasospasm.
Greenland ice-sheet volume sensitivity to basal, surface and initial conditions derived from an adjoint model
Authors: Heimbach Patrick , Bugnion Véronique 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe extend the application of control methods to a comprehensive three-dimensional thermomechanical ice-sheet model, SICOPOLIS (SImulation COde for POLythermal Ice Sheets). Lagrange multipliers, i.e. sensitivities, are computed with an exact, efficient adjoint model that has been generated from SICOPOLIS by rigorous application of automatic differentiation. The case study uses the adjoint model to determine the sensitivity of the total Greenland ice volume to various control variables over a 100 year period. The control space has of the order 1.2 × 106 elements, consisting of spatial fields of basal flow parameters, surface and basal forcings and initial conditions. Reliability of the adjoint model was tested through finite-difference perturbation calculations for various control variables and perturbation regions, ascertaining quantitative inferences of the adjoint model. As well as confirming qualitative aspects of ice-sheet sensitivities (e.g. expected regional variations), we detect regions where model sensitivities are seemingly unexpected or counter-intuitive, albeit ‘real’ in the sense of actual model behavior. An example is inferred regions where sensitivities of ice-sheet volume to basal sliding coefficient are positive, i.e. where a local increase in basal sliding parameter increases the ice-sheet volume. Similarly, positive (generally negative) ice temperature sensitivities in certain parts of the ice sheet are found, the detection of which seems highly unlikely if only conventional perturbation experiments had been used. The object of this paper is largely a proof of concept. Available adjoint-code generation tools now open up a variety of novel model applications, notably with regard to sensitivity and uncertainty analyses and ice-sheet state estimation or data assimilation.
Svalbard surge dynamics derived from geometric changes
Authors: Sund Monica , Eiken Trond , Hagen Jon Ove , Kääb Andreas 
Published: October 2009

AbstractGeometric changes on a sample of Svalbard glaciers were studied using subtraction of repeat digital terrain models to determine early surge-stage dynamics. Changes in surface features were also analyzed. A number of new surges were found for glaciers not known to have surged previously. The surge development could be followed through three stages, of which the first two had not been previously described in Svalbard. The first two stages are mainly identified from glacier thickness changes and showed little visual evidence. In stage 1, initial surface lowering was found in the upper part of the glacier, followed by a thickening further down-glacier in stage 2. Stage 3 represents the period of well-developed surge dynamics that is usually reported. Some surges ceased at stage 2 as a partial surge and never developed into a fully active surge. These partial surges could be misinterpreted as rapid response to climate change. The results of this study further support previous findings that the majority of Svalbard glaciers are of surge type.
Surge propagation constrained by a persistent subglacial conduit, Bakaninbreen–Paulabreen, Svalbard
Authors: Benn Douglas I. , Kristensen Lene , Gulley Jason D. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractGlacier surges tend to be initiated in relatively small regions, then propagate down-glacier, up-glacier and/or across-glacier. The processes controlling patterns and rates of surge propagation, however, are incompletely understood. In this paper, we focus on patterns of surge propagation in two confluent glaciers in Svalbard, and examine possible causes. One of these glaciers, Bakaninbreen, surged in 1985–95. The surge propagated ∽7 km down-glacier, but did not cross the medial moraine onto the other glacier, Paulabreen. When Paulabreen surged between 2003 and 2005, the surge wave travelled several km down-glacier, but its lateral boundary stayed very close to the medial moraine. The confluent glaciers formerly extended into a fjord, and bathymetric mapping and historical observations show that an active subglacial conduit has existed between Bakaninbreen and Paulabreen since at least the early 20th century. The existence of a persistent subglacial conduit below the medial moraine was confirmed when we entered and mapped a Nye channel at the confluence of Bakaninbreen and Paulabreen. We argue that the conduit acts as a barrier to surge propagation. If pressurized water below one branch of the glacier system reaches the conduit, water can be readily evacuated, preventing its propagation into the other branch.
Expression of Proteasomal Immunosubunit ß1i Is Dysregulated in Inflammatory Infiltrates of Minor Salivary Glands in Sjögren’s Syndrome
Authors: MORAWIETZ LARS , MARTINEZ-GAMBOA LORENA , SCHEFFLER SONJA , HAUSDORF GERT , DANKOF ANJA , KUCKELKORN ULRIKE , DOERNER THOMAS , EGERER KARL , BURMESTER GERD-R. , FAUSTMAN DENISE L. , FEIST EUGEN 
Published: October 2009

Objective.Minor salivary gland specimens were analyzed to investigate dysregulation of the proteasome system in patients with Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) and patients with sicca syndrome.Methods.Labial biopsy specimens from 17 patients with SS and 11 patients with non-autoimmunesicca syndrome were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for expression of the inducible proteasomal subunits ß1i, ß2i, and ß5i. The infiltrating subsets of lymphocytes were characterized using immunofluorescence stainings against the cell-surface markers CD20 and CD27. Two-dimensional electrophoresis and immunoblotting were used for detection of the proteasomal subunits ß1 and ß1i in peripheral blood monocyte cells. Gene expression of the constitutive subunits ß1, ß2, and ß5 and the corresponding inducible subunits ß1i, ß2i, and ß5i was further investigated at the mRNA level in small lip biopsies using real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results.The expression of ß1i in infiltrating and peripheral immune cells was altered in patients with SS compared to patients with non-autoimmune sicca syndrome and healthy controls. No significant differences were found in ß2i and ß5i expression between the same groups in small lip biopsies. Chisholm-Mason grade and ß1i expression were found to be inversely correlated (Spearman r = −0.461, p = 0.014). The phenotype and distribution of the lymphocytic infiltrate showed no differences between patients with primary and secondary SS regardless of ß1i expression.Conclusion.The proteasomal ß1i subunit is dysregulated in peripheral white blood cells and in inflammatory infiltrates of minor salivary glands in patients with SS.
Reevaluation of the Role of Duration of Morning Stiffness in the Assessment of Rheumatoid Arthritis Activity
Authors: KHAN NASIM A. , YAZICI YUSUF , CALVO-ALEN JAIME , DADONIENE JOLANTA , GOSSEC LAURE , HANSEN TROELS M. , HUISMAN MARGRIET , KALLIKORM RIINA , MULLER RAILI , LIVEBORN MARGARETH , ODING ROLF , LUCHIKHINA ELENA , NARANJO ANTONIO , REXHEPI SYLEJMAN , TAYLOR PETER , TLUSTOCHOWICH WITOLD , TSIROGIANNI AFRODITE , SOKKA TUULIKKI 
Published: October 2009

Objective.To evaluate the utility of the duration of morning stiffness (MS), as a patient-reported outcome (PRO), in assessing rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease activity.Methods.We acquired information on 5439 patients in QUEST-RA, an international database of patients with RA evaluated by a standard protocol. MS duration was assessed from time of waking to time of maximal improvement. Ability of MS duration to differentiate RA activity states, based on Disease Activity Score (DAS)28, was assessed by analysis of variance; and a receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted for discriminating clinically active (DAS28 > 3.2) from less active (DAS28 ≤ 3.2) RA. Mixed-effect analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) models were used to assess the utility of adding MS duration to Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data (RAPID)3, a PRO index based on physical function, pain, and general health (GH), in predicting the 3-variable DAS28 (DAS28v3).Results.MS duration had moderate correlation (r = 0.41–0.48) with pain, Health Assessment Questionnaire, and GH; and weak correlation (r = 0.23–0.39) with joint counts and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. MS duration differed significantly among patients with different RA activity (p < 0.001). The area under the ROC curve of 0.74 (95% CI 0.72–0.75) showed moderate ability of MS duration to differentiate clinically active from less active RA. ANCOVA showed significant interactive effects between RAPID3 and the MS duration categories (p = 0.0005) in predicting DAS28v3. The effect of MS was found to be clinically important in patients with the low RAPID3 scores (< 6) in whom the presence of MS may indicate clinically active disease (DAS28v3 > 3.2).Conclusion.MS duration has a moderate correlation with RA disease activity. Assessment of MS duration may be clinically helpful in patients with low RAPID3 scores.
Changes Over Time in the Diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis in a 10-year Cohort
Authors: MORVAN JOHANNE , BERTHELOT JEAN-MARIE , DEVAUCHELLE-PENSEC VALÉRIE , JOUSSE-JOULIN SANDRINE , LE HENAFF-BOURHIS CATHERINE , HOANG SYLVIE , THOREL JEAN-BAPTISTE , MARTIN ANTOINE , YOUINOU PIERRE , SARAUX ALAIN 
Published: October 2009

Objective.We assessed levels of agreement between a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) at inclusion in a recent-onset arthritis cohort, then 2 and 10 years later. Performance of American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria alone or combined with rheumatologist diagnosis, and of recent new criteria adding antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptides (“anti-CCP-revised criteria”) to existing ACR criteria, was evaluated.Methods.In total, 270 patients with recent-onset arthritis of less than 1 year duration were included between 1995 and 1997 and followed for 2 years. A diagnosis was recorded by an office-based rheumatologist (OBR) at inclusion, then 2 years later. In 2007, a questionnaire was sent to each rheumatologist to collect the final diagnosis, which was considered the reference.Results.Final diagnosis was available for 164 patients: 57 had RA. Agreement was low (κ = 0.27) between the baseline and final diagnoses, and substantial (κ = 0.69) between the 2-year and final diagnoses. Anti-CCP-revised criteria had sensitivity of 65% to 81% and specificity of 55% to 75%. Sensitivity and specificity of ACR criteria were 57.9% (44.1%–70.9%) and 74.8% (65.5%–82.7%) at inclusion, 80.7% (70.5%–90.0%) and 63.6% (54.5%–72.7%) at 2 years. The combination OBR diagnosis/ACR criteria after 2 years showed considerably increased specificity (87% vs 64%) and slightly decreased sensitivity (77% vs 81%).Conclusion.ACR criteria for RA showed poor performance even at 2 years. The absence of exclusion criteria may explain the lack of specificity, which improved when combined with the OBR diagnosis. Adding anti-CCP criteria to the existing criteria could help in diagnosing RA.
Fibromyalgia Is Common and Adversely Affects Pain and Fatigue Perception in North Indian Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: DHIR VARUN , LAWRENCE ABLE , AGGARWAL AMITA , MISRA RAMNATH 
Published: October 2009

Objectives.Fibromyalgia (FM) has been shown to be common in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but studies on Asian patients are lacking. It remains unclear whether FM has an adverse influence on pain, fatigue, quality of life, and mood in these patients, and what its relationship is with disease activity. We studied prevalence and effects of FM in North Indian patients with RA and associations of RA with disease activity.Methods.This cross-sectional study included 200 RA patients and an equal number of controls. Presence of FM was defined using the American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria. Pain and fatigue scores were assessed using a 10 cm visual analog scale. Quality of life and presence of depression/anxiety were determined using validated questionnaires. Disease activity and functional disability in RA patients was assessed using the Disease Activity Score 28-3 and Health Assessment Questionnaire, respectively.Results.FM was present in 15% of patients with RA compared to 2.5% of controls in the North Indian population. RA patients with FM did not differ from those without FM in terms of age, gender, current disease-modifying agents, or steroid use. RA patients with FM had higher disease activity and worse functional disability. The number of tender and swollen joints was higher in patients with FM, but correlated poorly with each other. RA patients with FM had higher pain and fatigue scores but were not different in the quality of life or mood.Conclusion.FM is more common in North Indian patients with RA compared to controls. It adversely affects the pain and fatigue felt by RA patients. Disease activity and FM influence each other.
Autoantibodies and the Risk of Cardiovascular Events
Authors: LIANG KIMBERLY P. , MARADIT-KREMERS HILAL , CROWSON CYNTHIA S. , SNYDER MELISSA R. , THERNEAU TERRY M. , ROGER VERONIQUE L. , GABRIEL SHERINE E. 
Published: October 2009

Objective.Inflammation and autoimmunity are associated with increased cardiovascular (CV) risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. This association may also be present in those without rheumatic diseases. Our purpose was to determine whether rheumatoid factor (RF), antinuclear antibody (ANA), and cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (CCP) positivity are associated with increased risk of CV events and overall mortality in those with and without rheumatic diseases.Methods.We performed a population-based cohort study of all subjects who had a RF and/or ANA test performed between January 1, 1990, and January 1, 2000, and/or CCP test performed between September 1, 2003, and January 1, 2005, with followup until April 1, 2007. Outcomes were ascertained using diagnostic indices from complete medical records, including CV events [myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure (HF), and peripheral vascular disease (PVD)] and mortality. Cox models were used to analyze the data.Results.There were 6783 subjects with RF, 7852 with ANA, and 299 with CCP testing. Of these, 10.4%, 23.9%, and 14.7% were positive for RF, ANA, and CCP, respectively. Adjusting for age, sex, calendar year, comorbidity, and rheumatic disease, RF and ANA positivity were significant predictors of CV events [hazard ratio (HR) 1.24 and 1.26] and death (HR 1.43 and 1.18). Adjusting for age, CCP positivity was associated with CV events, but this association was not statistically significant (HR 3.1; 95% CI 0.8, 12.3).Conclusion.RF and ANA positivity are significant predictors of CV events and mortality in both those with and those without rheumatic diseases. These results support the role of immune dysregulation in the etiology of CV disease.