bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The benefit of GPS zenith delay assimilation to high‐resolution quantitative precipitation forecasts: a case‐study from COPS IOP 9
Authors: Yan X. , Ducrocq V. , Jaubert G. , Brousseau P. , Poli P. , Champollion C. , Flamant C. , Boniface K. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe benefit of assimilating high spatial and temporal resolution Global Positioning System (GPS) zenith tropospheric delay (ZTD) observations within a high‐resolution numerical weather prediction (NWP) system is evaluated during IOP 9 of the Convective and Orographically‐induced Precipitation Study (COPS) campaign. In the framework of the international COPS field experiment, which took place from June to August 2007, a dense GPS network was deployed in the Vosges mountain region in eastern France and in the Black Forest region in southwestern Germany.GPS ZTD observations collected during the COPS field campaign, in addition to the European operational GPS data, are assimilated into the AROME/3D‐Var system. We investigate the impact of assimilating these GPS ZTD observations on the forecast of convective systems that travelled over eastern France during the three days of COPS IOP 9 (18–20 July 2007). The results show a clear positive impact on short‐range quantitative precipitation forecasts when GPS ZTD observations are assimilated. The impact is most important on 19 July 2007 (IOP 9b). The present study benefits from additional validation measurements collected during the COPS campaign. In particular we find that the assimilation of ZTD data induces changes in the low‐to‐middle tropospheric water vapour vertical structure that are consistent with water vapour measurements from radiosonde and airborne lidar.As most of the improvement is gained by assimilating GPS ZTD observations from the European operational GPS network, this study opens up encouraging horizons for the assimilation of GPS ZTD in new high‐resolution operational NWP systems. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Quantitative Structure‐Activity Relationship (QSAR) Study with a Series of 17α‐Derivatives of Estradiol: Model for the Development of Reversible Steroid Sulfatase Inhibitors
Authors: Maltais René , Fournier Diane , Poirier Donald 
Published: October 2009

AbstractSteroid sulfatase (STS) is the steroidogenic enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of different sulfated steroids into their corresponding hydroxylated forms. This enzyme attracts our attention for its potential role in the growth of hormone‐dependent breast and prostate tumors by the transformation of inactive sulfated precursors (which are very abundant in the blood) into active sex steroids. In order to identify the parameters responsible for good affinity with the active enzyme site and thus producing a good reversible STS inhibitor, we have built a quantitative structure‐activity relationship (QSAR) model by using MDL‐QSAR software which analyzes the molecules through more than 400 molecular descriptors. A total of 65 derivatives in position 17α of estradiol with their corresponding IC50 values were used to create our QSAR model. The linear regression converged through an optimization process to a relatively simple equation described by 4 molecular descriptors (Log P, nelem, κ0 and κα3). Virtual screening of approximately 200 molecules then enabled us to direct the synthesis of new reversible STS inhibitors.
QSAR of Clerodane Diterpenoids with Cytotoxic and Antitumoral Activity Against V‐79 Cells
Authors: Cramer Bruno , Takahata Yuji 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis work deals with diterpenoids of the clerodane type, compounds isolated from the extracts of different plant organs from trees mainly of the Flacourtiaceae family. The aim of the present work is to study Quantitative Structure‐Activity Relationship (QSAR) on Casearins isolated from the crude plant extract of the leaves of the shrub tree Casearia sylvestris Swartz, Flacourtiaceae, that show cytotoxic activities against V‐79 Chinese Hamster lung cells. In total, ca. 2080 descriptors and indices were calculated for the QSAR study using various softwares. The obtained QSARs with three descriptors were developed using two independent methods, Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) and Support Vector Machine (SVM), using a small set of molecules. For external validation of the MLR QSAR we employed a training/test set that was evaluated through criteria ruled by RQK fitness functions. Both MLR and SVM QSARs were validated using the same test set, where the SVM QSAR achieved the best results. Both QSARs were applied to a data set with 113 clerodane diterpenoids never tested before against the Chinese Hamster lung fibroblast V‐79 cells, and also applied to thirteen new compounds which were build in silico, adding fluorine and chlorine atoms as substituents at specific positions of the clerodane diterpenoids. Encouraging results were obtained in both cases which serve as an indicator for further studies in silico and/or bioassay of these compounds as anticancer agents.
Examining how preservice science teachers navigate simulated parent–teacher conversations on evolution and intelligent design
Authors: Dotger Sharon , Dotger Benjamin H. , Tillotson John 
Published: October 2009

AbstractDiscussing the teaching of evolution with concerned parents is a challenge to any science teacher. Using the medical education pedagogy of standardized individuals within the field of teacher education, this article addresses how preservice science teachers elected to verbally interact with standardized parents who questioned the teaching of evolution and proposed alternative curricula. Analysis of video recordings of the simulated interactions yielded three primary themes connected to teachers' understandings of what “counts” as science, teachers' justifications for teaching evolution, and teachers' explanations of the impact of teaching evolution. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 94:552–570, 2010
Real‐time three‐dimensional echocardiography using a matrix probe with live xPlane imaging of the interventricular septum
Authors: Xiong Y. , Wah Y. M. I. , Chen M. , Leung T. Y. , Lau T. K. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo describe a technique to rapidly visualize the in‐plane view of the fetal interventricular septum (IVS) to enable the identification of a ventricular septal defect (VSD).MethodsOne hundred and fifty‐one women were invited to participate after their routine fetal morphology scan, including four suspected to have congenital cardiac defects which were confirmed postnatally. A standard examination protocol using real‐time three‐dimensional (3D) echocardiography with live xPlane imaging was developed. The ability of this new technology to examine the ventricular septum was investigated.ResultsThe in‐plane view of the fetal IVS was visualized successfully in 150 (99.3%) cases by real‐time 3D echocardiography with live xPlane imaging, including 82 (54.3%) cases with the spine posterior and 68 (45.7%) cases with the spine anterior. The in‐plane view of the IVS successfully visualized the VSDs in three fetuses with VSD and displayed the intact IVS in one fetus with transposition of the great arteries without VSD.ConclusionWe describe live xPlane imaging, a simple method for the real‐time assessment of the in‐plane view of the IVS that has the potential to enhance the diagnostic accuracy of fetal cardiac examination. Copyright © 2009 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An estimation of the signal‐to‐background ratio, limited by radiation and electron transport in EDXRF
Authors: Portnoy A. Yu. , Pavlinsky G. V. , Gorbunov M. S. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA mathematical model for an energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrometer is proposed, which is based on the analysis of the radiation transport in a sample and in a detector, and an electron transport in the detector. The results obtained by using this model are compared with experimental data. The influence of parameters of sources of the primary X‐rays, and the thickness and material of the detector on the signal‐to‐background ratios, was estimated. These ratios limited by electron and photon transport were compared. It is shown that the signal‐to‐background ratio can vary by several orders of magnitude at changing conditions of recording, and there are conditions when the use of Si or Ge detector is preferable. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of a transportable µ‐XRF spectrometer with polycapillary half lens
Authors: Yonehara Tasuku , Orita Daisuke , Nakano Kazuhiko , Komatani Shintaro , Ohzawa Sumito , Bando Atsushi , Uchihara Hiroshi , Tsuji Kouichi 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe developed a transportable micro‐XRF (µ‐XRF) spectrometer using a polycapillary X‐ray focusing half lens, which was placed between the sample and the detector. The total weight of the developed spectrometer was about 2 kg; its dimensions were 18(W) × 26(D) × 40(H) cm. The spatial resolution of the spectrometer with the half lens of a working (focal) distance of 30 mm was 171 µm at Fe Kα, which was evaluated by a wire scanning method. In this setup, it is easy to replace the polycapillary X‐ray half lens with one having a different analytical performance, because a precise position‐adjustment of the X‐ray lens is not required. The spacial resolution with the half lens of a working distance of 16 mm was 106 µm at Fe Kα. Depending on analyzing area on the sample and required spatial resolution, we can easily change the X‐ray lens, as in a conventional optical microscope. The calibration curves of V, Cr, Mn, and Ni measured for standard steel materials showed good linear relationships (correlation coefficients >0.993). Clear elemental mapping could be obtained by scanning the sample (Cu mesh). An elemental analysis of a micro‐region in an electronic device was also performed by the transportable µ‐XRF spectrometer. Sn and Pb were detected at the metallic part (Sn–Pb solder) of the device. Br and Ba were observed at some resin parts of the electronic device. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Scaled Quantum Mechanical Force Fields for the Peroxynitrates. I. Acetyl Peroxynitrate and Trifluoroacetyl Peroxynitrate
Authors: Coronel Angelina C. , Fernández Lis E. , Varetti Eduardo L. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe vibrational properties of acetyl peroxynitrate CH3C(O)OONO2 (PAN) and trifluoroacetyl peroxynitrate CF3C(O)OONO2 (FPAN) were studied by means of density functional theory (DFT) methods. The previously available experimental data and assignments for these compounds were compared with the theoretical results and revised, and a complete description of the 23 normal modes of vibration observed for each molecule is proposed. The assignments were used in the definition of scaled quantum mechanics (SQM) force fields for such molecules. In addition, the internal force constants were obtained as a parameter typical of each chemical bond.
Fibrin Sealant: Past, Present, and Future: A Brief Review
Authors: Spotnitz William D. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBackgroundFibrin sealant is a two‐component topical hemostat, sealant, and tissue adhesive consisting of fibrinogen and thrombin that has been used in the United States as a blood bank‐ or laboratory‐derived product since the 1980s and has been commercially available since 1998.Methods/resultsInitially, surgeons employed hospital‐based materials because of the lack of availability of a commercially produced agent. At present, there are five U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐approved forms including products derived from pooled or autologous human plasma as well as bovine plasma. On‐label indications include hemostasis, colonic sealing, and skin graft attachment. Recent clinical and experimental uses include tissue or mesh attachment, fistula closure, lymphatic sealing, adhesion prevention, drug delivery, and tissue engineering.ConclusionsThe modern literature on fibrin sealant now exceeds 3000 articles and continues to expand. This brief review presents the history of this material, its present clinical use, and its future applications.
Circulating tumor cells in gastrointestinal cancer
Authors: Takeuchi Hiroya , Kitagawa Yuko 
Published: October 2009

AbstractSince the first report in the nineteenth century, there have been numerous reports on the isolation and characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in peripheral blood in patients with various carcinomas. In general, CTCs have been observed in the peripheral blood of cancer patients at very low concentrations of 10−7–10−8 of normal peripheral blood cells. The characterization is of considerable biomedical interest in order to understand how these cells can travel via the blood stream to anatomically distant sites and form metastatic disease. Recent progress in molecular oncology enables us to detect the CTCs in blood with highly sensitivity and specificity, and several studies have indicated the prognostic value of CTC detection in patients with gastrointestinal cancers. Detection and measurement of CTCs in patients with gastrointestinal cancers such as colorectal, gastric, and pancreatic cancers can be useful as a promising tool for judging tumor stage, predicting the distant metastasis and patient survival, and monitoring the response to cancer therapy. Standard procedures for CTC detection have to be established, and the clinical relevance should be verified in large‐scale clinical trials. However, CTC detection is suggested to provide useful information for the tumor staging and anticancer treatments in clinical practices in the near future.
Obvious Temperature Difference Along a Pb Cluster-Decorated Carbon Nanowire
Authors: Song Fengqi , He Longbing , Han Min , Wan Jianguo , Wang Guanghou 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Pb nanoclusters were deposited onto a suspended carbon nanowire (CNW), where in situ temperature variable observation was carried out by a transmission electron microscope. The heating temperature was up to 450 °C. Both the melting and evaporation of the Pb nanoparticles on the CNW were retarded when compared to the particles on the support frame. The obvious temperature difference of up to 10 K along the CNW of less than 1 μm was demonstrated. It was attributed to the irradiating dissipation-dependent on the surface area of the decorating Pb particle by calculation.
(See supplementary material 1)
Locoregional anesthesia and anticoagulation
Authors: Horlocker Terese T. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractSpinal hematoma is a rare and potentially catastrophic complication of spinal or epidural anesthesia. Risk factors include traumatic needle/catheter placement, sustained anticoagulation in an indwelling neuraxial catheter, and catheter removal during therapeutic levels of anticoagulation. Generally, a patient's coagulation status should be optimized at the time of spinal or epidural needle/catheter placement, and the level of anticoagulation should be monitored during epidural catheterization. Signs of cord compression, such as severe back pain, progression of numbness or weakness, and bowel and bladder dysfunction, warrant immediate radiographic evaluation. A delay in diagnosis and intervention of spinal hematoma may lead to irreversible cord ischemia.
Fibromyalgia: The diagnosis and pharmacologic treatment
Authors: Buskila Dan 
Published: October 2009

AbstractFibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic condition characterized by widespread pain and diffuse tenderness along with a constellation of ancillary symptoms. The 1990 ACR criteria for classification of FM are important in enhancing much the research of FM. FM is part of a spectrum of functional somatic syndromes. FM is not a homogenous condition and several subtypes of FM had been determined. The best strategy for management of FM is to use a multidisciplinary approach to treatment using both pharmacological and non‐pharmacological interventions.Tramadol, tricyclic drugs, mixed reuptake inhibitors and anticonvulsants show efficacy in this condition. Recently, three drugs: pregabalin, duloxetine and milnacipran have been approved by the FDA for treatment of FM.
Long‐term intrathecal morphine influence on major compounds of the endocrine system in elderly population
Authors: Raffaeli William , Dekel Boaz Gedaliahu Samolsky , Rita Melotti , Righetti Donatella , Caminiti Alessandro , Balestri Marco , Sarti Donatella , Guido Fanelli 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBackground: The influence of long‐term opioid administration on hormonal levels is not well characterized in the literature. We previously showed that intrathecal opioid therapy significantly influences the homeostasis of immune and endocrine systems. Other authors confirmed that exogenous and endogenous opioids induce this effect. They have a cytokine‐like behavior and may function as neurotransmitters, neuromodulators or hormones, as concerning their synthesis, storage and release.Aims: To assess the effects of morphine long‐term intrathecal administration on serum levels of Gonadal, Thyroidal and Adrenal axis hormones in an elderly population affected by chronic pain; to assess the correlation between hormone levels and morphine dosage.Methods: Patients suffering from chronic non‐cancer pain with or without intrathecal drug delivery system were studied and hormonal levels were monitored, using an immunoradiometric assay kit.Results: The long‐term administration of intrathecal morphine influenced part of the endocrine system, in particular, there was a reduction of FSH and LH and an increment of GH serum levels; this effect was morphine dose dependent.Conclusion: Long‐term intrathecal opioid administration influenced FSH, LH and GH serum levels. Data on this issue are inadequately described in the literature. The finding of endocrine effects of opioid therapy, nonetheless, cannot be ignored, as it may have clinical relevance in both elderly and young population. We believe that during long intrathecal pain treatments with morphine, clinicians should be aware of both immediate and later opioids side effects, and in particular, they should monitor immune and endocrine changes.
Morphological effects and tegumental alterations induced by mefloquine on schistosomula and adult flukes ofSchistosoma mansoni
Authors: MANNECK T. , HAGGENMÜLLER Y. , KEISER J. 
Published: October 2009

SUMMARYThere is a pressing need to develop novel anti-schistosomal drugs, as current treatment relies largely on praziquantel (PZQ). To further strengthen current evidence of the anti-schistosomal properties of mefloquine (MQ), we studied the temporal effect of this compoundin vitroandin vivo, and examined alterations on the tegumental surface of schistosomula and adults ofS. mansoniby means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Schistosomula and adults were each incubatedin vitrousing MQ over a wide concentration range (1–100 μg/ml). In addition, mice infected with adultS. mansoniwere treated with a single oral dose of 400 mg/kg MQ, and worms were recovered 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h following treatment. MQ showed a rapid onset of action on schistosomulain vitro; 100 and 75 μg/ml of MQ killed schistosomula immediately; the minimal lethal and effective concentrations of MQ on schistosomula after 1 h were 25 and 5 μg/ml, respectively. Adult worms incubated with 100 and 10 μg/ml of MQ were dead after 1 h and 24 h of incubation, respectively. A hepatic shift of adult schistosomes was observed in mice already 24 h after treatment, and 120 h following treatment >98% of all worms had translocated to the liver. SEM observations revealed extensive tegumental destruction, including blebbing, shrinking and sloughing, particularly followingin vitroincubation and on the tegument of female worms.
Control of schistosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa: progress made, new opportunities and remaining challenges
Authors: STOTHARD J. R. , CHITSULO L. , KRISTENSEN T. K. , UTZINGER J. 
Published: October 2009

SUMMARYSeveral other journal supplements have documented progress made in the control of schistosomiasis in Egypt, China and Brazil, however, with more than 97% of the schistosome infections now estimated to occur in Africa, the relevance of this special issue inParasitologycannot be overemphasized. In total, 18 articles are presented, inclusive of a lead-editorial from the WHO highlighting a seminal resolution at the 54th World Health Assembly in 2001 that advocated de-worming. Facilitated by a US$ 30 million grant from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation in 2002, the Schistosomiasis Control Initiative subsequently fostered implementation of large-scale schistosomiasis (and soil-transmitted helminthiasis) control programmes in six selected African countries. From 2005, CONTRAST, a European union-funded consortium, was formed to conduct multi-disciplinary research pertaining to optimisation of schistosomiasis control. Progress made in schistosomiasis control across sub-Saharan Africa since the turn of the new millennium is reviewed, shedding light on the latest findings stemming from clinical, epidemiological, molecular and social sciences research, inclusive of public health interventions with monitoring and evaluation activities. New opportunities for integrating the control of schistosomiasis and other so-called neglected tropical diseases are highlighted, but more importantly, several opportune questions that arise from it frame the remaining challenges ahead for an enduring solution.
Mesocestoides corti: Morphological features and glycogen mobilization duringin vitrodifferentiation from larva to adult worm
Authors: CABRERA G. , ESPINOZA I. , KEMMERLING U. , GALANTI N. 
Published: October 2009

SUMMARYMesocestodes cortihas the capacity to develop from the tetrathyridium (larva) stage to adult wormin vitroby trypsin and serum stimulation. Consequently, it has been used as an experimental model system for studying cestode development, host-parasite relationships and anthelmintic drugs. We describe morphological features in 5 different developmental stages ofM. cortiobtainedin vitro, including larvae from the peritoneal cavity of infected mice, trypsin- and serum-stimulated larvae, elongated parasites as well as segmented and mature worms. It is unambiguously confirmed that sexually mature worms are obtained as a result of thisin vitroprocess of differentiation. Defined cellular regions are present in all stages of development studied, some of them surrounded by a basal lamina. Glycogen is present in the larvae obtained from the mouse peritoneal cavity and in parasites encapsulated in the mouse host liver. Glycogen distribution in the parasite changes on trypsin and serum stimulation to differentiate. We propose that changes in the distribution of neutral polysaccharides in the parenchyma of the parasite at different stages of development and degradation of polysaccharides in the transition from segmented to adult worm are related to energy needs necessary for the cellular processes leading to the mature specimen.