bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intake and home use of olive oil or mixed oils in relation to healthy lifestyles in a Mediterranean population. Findings from the prospective Pizarra study
Authors: Soriguer Federico , Almaraz M. Cruz , García-Almeida J. M. , Cardona Isabel , Linares Francisca , Morcillo Sonsoles , García-Escobar Eva , Dobarganes M. Carmen , Olveira Gabriel , Hernando Virginia , Valdes Sergio , Ruiz-de-Adana M. Soledad , Esteva Isabel , Rojo-Martínez Gemma 
Published: September 2009

Discordances exist in epidemiological studies regarding the association between the intake of nutrients and death and disease. We evaluated the social and health profile of persons who consumed olive oil in a prospective population cohort investigation (Pizarra study) with a 6-year follow-up. A food frequency questionnaire and a 7 d quantitative questionnaire were administered to 538 persons. The type of oil used in food preparation was determined by direct measurement of the fatty acids in samples obtained from the kitchens of the participants at baseline and after follow-up for 6 years. The fatty acid composition of the serum phospholipids was used as an endogenous marker of the type of oil consumed. Total fat intake accounted for a mean 40 % of the energy (at baseline and after follow-up). The concordance in intake of MUFA over the study period was high. The fatty acid composition of the serum phospholipids was significantly associated with the type of oil consumed and with fish intake. The concentration of polar compounds and polymers, indicative of degradation, was greater in oils from the kitchens where sunflower oil or refined olive oil was used, in oils used for deep frying and in oils that had been reused for frying five times or more. Consumption of olive oil was directly associated with educational level. Part of the discordance found in epidemiological studies between diet and health may be due to the handling of oils during food preparation. The intake of olive oil is associated with other healthy habits.
Fish oil diets do not improve insulin sensitivity and secretion in healthy adult male pigs
Authors: Castellano Christian-Alexandre , Audet Isabelle , Laforest Jean-Paul , Chouinard Yvan , Matte J. Jacques 
Published: September 2009

The effects of long-term dietary supplementation of fish oil (n-3 PUFA-rich) in adult male pigs on body condition as well as insulin sensitivity and secretion were examined. Fifteen Duroc boars aged 204·5 (sd9·4) d (body weight 145·8 (sd16·8) kg) received daily 2·5 kg basal diet with a supplement of: (1) 62 g hydrogenated animal fat (n5); (2) 60 g menhaden oil containing 10·8 g DHA and 9·0 g EPA (n6); (3) 60 g tuna oil containing 19·8 g DHA and 3·9 g EPA (n4). Rations were balanced to be isoenergetic. After 7 months of treatments, oral glucose and meal tolerance tests were conducted after insertion of a catheter into the jugular vein. Dietary supplementation withn-3 PUFA altered the blood plasma profile: DHA and EPA increased whereas arachidonic acid decreased (P < 0·01). Plasma glucose, insulin and C-peptide responses to oral glucose and the test meal were not affected by treatments (P>0·34). For all animals, total body fat estimated from body weight and back fat thickness was correlated with both β-cell function (by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA);r+0·63) and insulin sensitivity (index of whole-body insulin sensitivity and by HOMA;r− 0·63 andr+0·66, respectively). In conclusion, long-term supplementation with dietaryn-3 PUFA did not affect insulin metabolism in healthy adult male pigs. The relationship between body fat and insulin sensitivity, well documented in human subjects, suggests that the adult male pig could be a promising animal model for studies on insulin metabolism.
The relationship between fasting plasma concentrations of selected flavonoids and their ordinary dietary intake
Authors: Cao Jie , Zhang Ying , Chen Wei , Zhao Xiujuan 
Published: September 2009

Epidemiological studies suggest that a diet high in flavonoids protects against chronic diseases such as CVD and cancer. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between the intake of quercetin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, apigenin and luteolin and their corresponding plasma concentrations, and further to explore whether these flavonoids can serve as biomarkers of their intake. Flavonoid intake and their plasma concentrations were analysed in ninety-two subjects consuming their habitual diet. Flavonoid intake was estimated with 7-d dietary records using available data on the flavonoid content of food. Plasma flavonoid concentrations were quantified by HPLC. In addition, we undertook a dietary intervention study to investigate plasma apigenin concentration after the consumption of celery leaf. The mean intake estimates of quercetin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, apigenin and luteolin amounted to 13·58, 14·97, 12·31, 4·23 and 8·08 mg/d, respectively. The corresponding mean plasma concentrations were 80·23, 57·86, 39·94, 10·62 and 99·90 nmol/l. The mean 7 d intake of five flavonoids was positively correlated to their corresponding plasma concentrations, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0·33 to 0·51 (P < 0·05). In the dietary intervention study, the plasma apigenin concentration rose after celery leaf ingestion, and fell within 28 h to below the limit of detection (2·32 nmol/l). The present results suggest that quercetin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, apigenin and luteolin are bioavailable from the diet. The levels of fasting plasma flavonoids seem to be suitable biomarkers of short-term intake. The combination of plasma flavonoids with their intake may prove useful when the possible health-protective effects of flavonoids are studied.
First pterosaur remains from the Early Cretaceous Lagerstätte of Las Hoyas, Spain: palaeoecological significance
Authors: VULLO ROMAIN , BUSCALIONI ÁNGELA D. , MARUGÁN-LOBÓN JESÚS , MORATALLA JOSÉ J. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractPterosaur teeth from the Early Cretaceous Lagerstätte of Las Hoyas (Spain) are described. We reassess the track from this site previously ascribed to a pterosaur, concluding that it is a theropod footprint. The teeth belong to two pterodactyloid taxa: a basal Istiodactylidae similar toHaopterusand an indeterminate Ornithocheiridae. From a palaeoecological point of view, the occurrence of such pterosaurs in the freshwater wetland palaeobiota of Las Hoyas strengthens the evidence of the similarity of this Spanish locality to the famous Early Cretaceous Lagerstätten of Liaoning in China.
A Puzzle in Livy
Authors: WISEMAN T. P. 
Published: September 2009

After the rape and suicide of Lucretia, Lucius Brutus is in the Roman Forum, urging the citizens to rebel against Tarquin. Here, in T. J. Luce's translation, is Livy's summary of his speech:He spoke of the violence and lust of Sextus Tarquin, of the unspeakable rape of Lucretia and her wretched death, of the bereavement of Lucretius Tricipitinus and the cause of his daughter's death, which for him was more unworthy and more pitiable than the death itself. He mentioned also the arrogance of the king himself and how the plebs had been forced underground to dig out trenches and sewers: the men of Rome, victorious over all their neighbours, had been turned into drudges and quarry slaves, warriors no longer. He recalled the appalling murder of King Servius Tullius and how his daughter had driven over her father's body in that accursed wagon, and he invoked her ancestral gods as avengers. (1.59.8–10)
Flow organization in two-dimensional non-Oberbeck–Boussinesq Rayleigh–Bénard convection in water
Authors: SUGIYAMA KAZUYASU , CALZAVARINI ENRICO , GROSSMANN SIEGFRIED , LOHSE DETLEF 
Published: September 2009

Non-Oberbeck–Boussinesq (NOB) effects on the flow organization in two-dimensional Rayleigh–Bénard turbulence are numerically analysed. The working fluid is water. We focus on the temperature profiles, the centre temperature, the Nusselt number and on the analysis of the velocity field. Several velocity amplitudes (or Reynolds numbers) and several kinetic profiles are introduced and studied; these together describe the various features of the rather complex flow organization. The results are presented both as functions of the Rayleigh numberRa(withRaup to 108) for fixed temperature difference Δ between top and bottom plates and as functions of Δ (‘non-Oberbeck–Boussinesqness’) for fixedRawith Δ up to 60K. All results are consistent with the available experimental NOB data for the centre temperatureTcand the Nusselt number ratioNuNOB/NuOB(the label OB meaning that the Oberbeck–Boussinesq conditions are valid). For the temperature profiles we find – due to plume emission from the boundary layers – increasing deviations from the extended Prandtl–Blasius boundary layer theory presented in Ahlerset al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 569, 2006, p. 409) with increasingRa, while the centre temperature itself is surprisingly well predicted by that theory. For given non-Oberbeck–Boussinesqness Δ, both the centre temperatureTcand the Nusselt number ratioNuNOB/NuOBonly weakly depend onRain theRarange considered here.BeyondRa≈ 106the flow consists of a large diagonal centre convection roll and two smaller rolls in the upper and lower corners, respectively (‘corner flows’). Also in the NOB case the centre convection roll is still characterized by only one velocity scale. In contrast, the top and bottom corner flows are then of different strengths, the bottom one being a factor 1.3 faster (for Δ = 40K) than the top one, due to the lower viscosity in the hotter bottom boundary layer. Under NOB conditions the enhanced lower corner flow as well as the enhanced centre roll lead to an enhancement of the volume averaged energy based Reynolds number$Re^E \,{=}\, \langle\frac{1}{2} \bu^2 \rangle^{1/2} L/\nu$of about 4% to 5% for Δ = 60K. Moreover, we find$Re^E_{\it NOB}/Re^E_{\it OB} \,{\approx}\, (\beta (T_c)/\beta (T_m))^{1/2}$, with β the thermal expansion coefficient andTmthe arithmetic mean temperature between top and bottom plate temperatures. This corresponds to the ratio of the free fall velocities at the respective temperatures. By artificially switching off the temperature dependence of β in the numerics, the NOB modifications ofReEis less than 1% even at Δ = 60K, revealing the temperature dependence of the thermal expansion coefficient as the main origin of the NOB effects on the global Reynolds number in water.
Failure of the Sterile Air-Flow Component of a Protected Environment Detected by Demonstration of Chaetomium Species Colonization of Four Consecutive Immunosuppressed Occupants
Authors: Woods Gail L. , Davis J. Calvin , Vaughan William P. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractFour bone marrow transplant recipients consecutively occupying the same room on our Oncology-Hematology Special Care Unit (OHSCU) became colonized with Chaetomium species between January and April, 1987. These patients, aged 27 to 43 years, were immunocompromised as a result of intensive chemotherapy, and were consequently at increased risk for development of invasive fungal infection. At the time of Chaetomium colonization, all patients were febrile, two had transient new infiltrates on chest x-ray, and three were receiving amphotericin B therapy. Subsequent environmental cultures revealed Chaetomium contamination of the OHSCU air-handling system, including the HEPA (high-efficiency particulate air) filters in seven of the nine rooms comprising the unit. Because fungal colonization of HEPA filters used to create a “protective environment” for immunocompromised patients can occur and can serve as a source for patient infections, guidelines concerning proper surveillance of these HEPA filters should be established. We suggest that before a new patient enters a “protected” room, the clean side of the HEPA filter should be cultured. If fungi are recovered from that culture, we would recommend changing the filter.
Enterococcal Infections: An Increasing Problem in Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Terpenning Margaret S. , Zervos Marcus J. , Schaberg Dennis R. , Kauffman Carol A. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWe studied 157 episodes of infection or colonization with enterococci in 122 patients over a six-month period. One hundred twelve episodes (71.3%) occurred in patients over age 60 years. The most common sites for isolation of enterococci were the urinary tract, and bone and soft tissue. Nosocomial acquisition of enterococci occurred in 74.7% of all infections, and an additional 21% of episodes occurred in patients who had been transferred from another hospital or were regularly seen in the clinic. The overall mortality was 19.6%; 71.4% of those with bacteremia died. Enterococci appear to be significant pathogens, especially in older men in veterans' acute care hospitals and nursing home care units.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections Associated with Use of Povidone-Iodine in Patients Receiving Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Goetz Angella , Muder Robert R. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractFifteen episodes of infection due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, including peritonitis and catheter site infections, occurred in nine patients receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis over a 27-month period. Eight episodes were associated with catheter loss. Occurrence of P aeruginosa infection was significantly associated with use of povidone-iodine solution to cleanse the catheter site. There was no association with use of povidone-iodine solution to disinfect tubing connections, use of other skin care products or exposure to other environmental sources of P aeruginosa. Cultures of available povidone-iodine products were negative. Local irritation and alteration in skin flora caused by antiseptic solution or low-level contamination of povidone-iodine solution are potential mechanisms of infection.
Epidemic Bloodstream Infections Associated with Pressure Transducers: A Persistent Problem
Authors: Beck-Sague Consuelo M. , Jarvis William R. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractTwenty-four outbreaks of nosocomial bloodstream infection (BSI) were investigated by the Centers for Disease Control from Jan 1, 1977 to Dec 31, 1987. Intravascular pressure monitoring devices (transducers) were the most commonly identified source of bacterial and fungal BSI outbreaks and were implicated as the source of infection in eight (33%) outbreaks. These included outbreaks caused by Candida parapsilosis (2), Serratia marcescens (2), Klebsiella oxytoca (1), Pseudomonas cepacia (1), Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (1), and one polymicrobial bacteremia outbreak due to Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Citrobacter, and Enterobacter species. In all eight outbreaks, reusable transducers improperly disinfected or fitted with domes that had been improperly sterilized served as reservoirs for the organism. Compared with nosocomial BSI outbreaks not related to transducers, those in which transducers were implicated as a reservoir involved a larger mean number of patients (24 v 9; P = 0.007), and were significantly more likely to involve intensive care unit patients (23/24 v 3/9; P = 0.025) and to have a longer mean duration (11 v 3 months; P= 0.007). These findings show that the characteristics of transducer- and non-transducer-related BSI outbreaks differ, and that centers using intravascular pressure monitoring devices must be aware of and implement recommended infection control strategies for care and maintenance of these devices.
Anaerobic Bacteremia in Patients with Acute Leukemia
Authors: Brown Elizabeth A. , Talbot George H. , Provencher Mary , Cassileth Peter 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWe reviewed 402 hospital admissions of patients with acute leukemia to define the frequency and characteristics of anaerobic bacteremia in this patient population. Six (5.2%) of the 116 septicemia episodes documented in these patients were caused by anaerobes (Bacteroides species, 3; Fusobacterium species, 2; and Clostridium tertium, 1); two of these episodes were polymicrobial. Five patients had had prior bacteremia. All six patients were receiving broad-spectrum antibiotics, including an anti-pseu-domonal penicillin, at the time of the episode. In each instance, the absolute granulocyte count was 0/mm3. Five patients had clinically apparent sources of infection, including perirectal abscess, gastrointestinal bleeding, or Clostridium difficile- associated diarrhea. Anaerobic bacteremia is an infrequent occurrence in granulocytopenic patients with acute leukemia, but may occur when there is obvious disruption of normal gastrointestinal anatomic barriers.
Occupational Exposure to Influenza-Introduction of an Index Case to a Hospital
Authors: Berlinberg Craig D. , Weingarten Scott R. , Bolton Linda B. , Waterman Steven H. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe epidemiology of influenza in the hospital is frequently confounded by failure to separate community-acquired from nosocomial transmission. An 83-year-old woman was hospitalized one day after returning from Asia with complications resulting from acute influenza A (H3N2) infection; she was the first culture-confirmed case in the region during the 1987-1988 influenza season, and her illness antedated other influenza cases in the area by at least four weeks. The patient shed virus at least four days after admission and transmitted influenza to her primary physician; both had received trivalent influenza vaccine four weeks earlier. Surveillance data from the 28 health care providers (HCPs) in contact with the index case (mean age: 34.5 years; median time of contact: four hours, none receiving vaccine) revealed no evidence of transmission as detected by paired type-specific complement-fixation antibodies and throat culture (20 subjects) or acute serologies and culture (7 subjects). No febrile respiratory illnesses were detected among other patients on the same ward, although three were reported among HCPs. Thus, neither secondary spread of influenza from infected patient to hospital HCPs nor nosocomial transmission apparently took place, although transmission did occur to the primary physician.
Evaluation of New In Vitro Diagnostic Test Procedures in Clinical Microbiology
Authors: Washington John A. 
Published: September 2009

In vitro diagnostic products (IVDs) for infectious diseases are becoming available commercially at an ever-increasing rate. Aggressive marketing of such products often creates pressure on the laboratory to use IVDs, sometimes even before independent evaluations can be published in peer-reviewed scientific journals.IVDs potentially offer simplicity and speed, particularly in detecting microorganisms that have fastidious growth requirements or that are simply not cultivable with currently available methodology. In some instances, IVDs may obviate the need for culture of more common microorganisms and may thereby allow testing to be done in physicians' offices and perhaps ultimately in the home.
A No-Rinse Alcohol Antiseptic and a No-Touch Dispenser for Hand Decontamination
Authors: Cronin Wendy A. , Gröschel Dieter H.M 
Published: September 2009

Handwashing has longbeen recognized as the main way to prevent the spread of infectious agents. For routine handwashing in hospitals and clinics, antimicrobial agents are probably not needed. However, in certain high-risk situations it makes sense to use an antimicrobial agent to remove transient and reduce resident microorganisms.Alcohol has been described as the “gold standard” for surgical skin preparations it will kill gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, Myt obacterium tuberculosis, fungi, and many viruses. Alcohol is colorless, has its own cleaning action, and evaporates quickly from the skin.
Contemporary and historical impacts of megaherbivores on the population structure of tree euphorbias in South African subtropical thicket
Authors: Cowling Richard M. , Kamineth Abigail , Difford Mark , Campbell Eileen E. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAfrican elephant and black rhinoceros – both megaherbivores – impact negatively on the abundance of succulent plants, including tree succulents, in South Africa’s subtropical thicket. We sampled 35 sites in subtropical thicket to assess historical and contemporary impacts of African elephant and black rhinoceros on the population structure of three species of succulent tree euphorbia. Population age structures were highly variable and showed no species‐specific effects. Almost half the sites had growing populations dominated by young individuals. Sites having contemporary impacts had significantly fewer individuals in the 30–75 years age range, but this effect declined with increasing terrain slope. Eighty‐one percent of sites assumed to have been impacted by megaherbivores historically had individuals that predated rhino and elephant extirpation in the region. This and other population age structure data indicate that megaherbivores and tree euphorbias coexisted historically on terrain of low relief. However, in areas not subject to contemporary impacts, euphorbia populations are likely to be much higher now than historically, owing to population relaxation after the extirpation of megaherbivores in the mid 1800s. Given the sensitivity of tree euphorbias to megaherbivore impacts, managers should consider monitoring the population structure of these species in order to identify thresholds of potential concern regarding megaherbivore impacts.
Bi‐directional activation between mesenchymal stem cells and CLL B‐cells: implication for CLL disease progression
Authors: Ding Wei , Nowakowski Grzegorz S. , Knox Traci R. , Boysen Justin C. , Maas Mary L. , Schwager Susan M. , Wu Wenting , Wellik Linda E. , Dietz Allan B. , Ghosh Asish K. , Secreto Charla R. , Medina Kay L. , Shanafelt Tait D. , Zent Clive S. , Call Timothy G. , Kay Neil E. 
Published: September 2009

SummaryIt was hypothesized that contact between chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) B‐cells and marrow stromal cells impact both cell types. To test this hypothesis, we utilized a long‐term primary culture system from bone biopsies that reliably generates a mesenchymal stem cell (MSC). Co‐culture of MSC with CLL B‐cells protected the latter from both spontaneous apoptosis and drug‐induced apoptosis. The CD38 expression in previously CD38 positive CLL B‐cells was up‐regulated with MSC co‐culture. Upregulation of CD71, CD25, CD69 and CD70 in CLL B‐cells was found in the co‐culture. CD71 upregulation was more significantly associated with high‐risk CLL, implicating CD71 regulation in the microenvironment predicting disease progression. In MSC, rapid ERK and AKT phosphorylation (within 30 min) were detected when CLL B‐cells and MSC were separated by transwell; indicating that activation of MSC was mediated by soluble factors. These findings support a bi‐directional activation between bone marrow stromal cells and CLL B‐cells.