bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased liver regeneration rate and decreased liver function after synchronous liver and colon resection in rats
Authors: Sasanuma Hideki , Mortensen Frank Viborg , Knudsen Anders Riegels , Funch-Jensen Peter , Okada Masaki , Nagai Hideo , Yasuda Yoshikazu 
Published: December 2009

Abstract

Background
The surgical strategy for the treatment of colorectal cancer and synchronous liver metastases remains controversial. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of colonic resection on liver function and regeneration in a rat model.

Methods
Ninety-six Sprague-Dawley rats were block-randomized into six groups: Group I had a laparotomy performed. Group II had 1 cm colon resected and anastomosed. Group III and V had 40% or 70% of the liver resected, respectively. Additionally Group IV and VI had 1 cm colon resected and anastomosed, respectively. Body weight was recorded on postoperative day 0, 3, 5 and 7. Rats were sacrificed on postoperative day 7 by rapid collection of blood from the inferior vena cava, and endotoxin levels were measured. Remnant liver function was evaluated by means of branched amino acids to tyrosine ratio. Liver regeneration was calculated by (liver weight per 100 g of the body weight at sacrifice/preoperative projected liver weight per 100 g of the body weight) × 100.

Results
The total number of complications was significantly higher in Group VI than Group I, III, IV, and V. Body weight and branched amino acids to tyrosine ratio were both significantly lower in rats that had simultaneous colonic and liver resection performed. Hepatic regeneration rate was significantly higher in the simultaneous colectomy group. Systemic endotoxin levels were unaffected by simultaneous colectomy on postoperative day 7.

Conclusions
In our model morbidity seems to be related to the extent of hepatic resection. In rats undergoing liver resection, simultaneous colectomy induced a higher degree of hepatic regeneration rate. Body weight changes and branched amino acids to tyrosine ratio were negatively affected by simultaneous colectomy.
New Goodness-of-Fit Tests for Pareto Distributions
Authors: Rizzo Maria L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA new approach to goodness-of-fit for Pareto distributions is introduced. Based on Euclidean distances between sample elements, the family of statistics and tests is indexed by an exponent in (0,2) on Euclidean distance. The corresponding tests are statistically consistent and have excellent performance when applied to heavy-tailed distributions. The exponent can be tailored to the particular Pareto distribution. The goodness-of-fit statistic measures all types of differences between distributions, hence it is also applicable as a minimum distance estimator. Implementation of the test statistics is developed and applied to estimation of the tail index in three well known examples of claims data, and compared with the classical EDF statistics.
Subjects With Early-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Show Defective Activation of the Skeletal Muscle PGC-1α/Mitofusin-2 Regulatory Pathway in Response to Physical Activity
Authors: Hernández-Alvarez María Isabel , Thabit Hood , Burns Nicole , Shah Syed , Brema Imad , Hatunic Mensud , Finucane Francis , Liesa Marc , Chiellini Chiara , Naon Deborah , Zorzano Antonio , Nolan John J. 
Published: December 2009

OBJECTIVE
Type 2 diabetes is associated with insulin resistance and skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction. We have found that subjects with early-onset type 2 diabetes show incapacity to increase Vo2max in response to chronic exercise. This suggests a defect in muscle mitochondrial response to exercise. Here, we have explored the nature of the mechanisms involved.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Muscle biopsies were collected from young type 2 diabetic subjects and obese control subjects before and after acute or chronic exercise protocols, and the expression of genes and/or proteins relevant to mitochondrial function was measured. In particular, the regulatory pathway peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ coactivator (PGC)-1α/mitofusin-2 (Mfn2) was analyzed.

RESULTS
At baseline, subjects with diabetes showed reduced expression (by 26%) of the mitochondrial fusion protein Mfn2 and a 39% reduction of the α-subunit of ATP synthase. Porin expression was unchanged, consistent with normal mitochondrial mass. Chronic exercise led to a 2.8-fold increase in Mfn2, as well as increases in porin, and the α-subunit of ATP synthase in muscle from control subjects. However, Mfn2 was unchanged after chronic exercise in individuals with diabetes, whereas porin and α-subunit of ATP synthase were increased. Acute exercise caused a fourfold increase in PGC-1α expression in muscle from control subjects but not in subjects with diabetes.

CONCLUSIONS
Our results demonstrate alterations in the regulatory pathway that controls PGC-1α expression and induction of Mfn2 in muscle from patients with early-onset type 2 diabetes. Patients with early-onset type 2 diabetes display abnormalities in the exercise-dependent pathway that regulates the expression of PGC-1α and Mfn2.
Missed Insulin Boluses for Snacks in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: VanderWel Brandon W. , Messer Laurel H. , Horton Lauren A. , McNair Bryan , Cobry Erin C. , McFann Kim K. , Chase H. Peter 
Published: December 2009

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effects of missed insulin boluses for snacks in youth with type 1 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Three months of simultaneous continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and continuous glucose monitoring data from nine subjects were retrospectively evaluated. Glucose excursions between 1330 and 1700 h were defined as relating to snacks with insulin or snacks with no insulin administered. Area under the curve &gt;180 mg/dl (AUC &gt;180), average Δ glucose, and rate of change were analyzed and compared within and between groups.

RESULTS
A total of 94 snacks without insulin and 101 snacks with insulin were analyzed. Snacks without insulin had significantly higher log (AUC &gt;180 + 1) (1.26 vs. 0.44 mg/dl per event; P &lt; 0.001), Δ glucose (114 vs. 52 mg/dl; P &lt; 0.001), and average rate of change (1.3 vs. 1.1 mg/dl per minute; P &lt; 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
This study shows that afternoon snacks without insulin boluses are common and result in significantly higher glucose excursions than snacks with insulin administration.
Association ofARTS1Gene Polymorphisms with Ankylosing Spondylitis in the Hungarian Population: The rs27044 Variant Is Associated with HLA-B*2705 Subtype in Hungarian Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: PAZÁR BORBÁLA , SÁFRÁNY ENIKO , GERGELY PÉTER , SZÁNTÓ SÁNDOR , SZEKANECZ ZOLTÁN , POÓR GYULA 
Published: December 2009

Objective.Associations have been found between ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and polymorphisms in the aminopeptidase regulator of TNFR1 shedding (ARTS1) gene. We studied the association of 5 polymorphisms within theARTS1gene with AS in Hungarian patients. We also investigated the prevalence of HLA-B27 subtypes in the Hungarian population.Methods.A case-control study including 297 patients with AS and 200 sex and ethnically matched healthy controls was performed. Patients and controls were genotyped for rs27044, rs17482078, rs10050860, rs30187, and rs2287987 single-nucleotide polymorphisms using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) allelic discrimination. HLA-B27 subtypes were determined with PCR sequence-specific primer (PCR-SSP) technique.Results.We observed a significant increase in the minor allele frequency of rs27044 (p = 0.001) in the AS group compared to controls. The minor allele frequencies of rs10050860 (p = 0.006) and rs2287987 (p = 0.002) showed a significant decrease in AS patients compared to controls. Haplotype analysis revealed association of 2 ARTS1 haplotypes with AS in the Hungarian population. We found that HLA-B*2705 was the predominant subtype in Hungarians with AS. Carriage of the G allele of rs27044 was significantly associated with the HLA-B*2705 subtype (p = 0.009) in AS patients.Conclusion.We confirmed reported associations ofARTS1gene polymorphisms with AS in a Hungarian cohort study. We found HLA-B*2705 as the predominant subtype in Hungarian AS patients in accord with other studies on Caucasian populations. Our results suggest that theARTS1gene variants together with HLA-B27 strongly contribute to disease susceptibility in patients with AS.
Safety, Tolerability, and Clinical Outcomes after Intraarticular Injection of a Recombinant Adeno-associated Vector Containing a Tumor Necrosis Factor Antagonist Gene: Results of a Phase 1/2 Study
Authors: MEASE PHILIP J. , WEI NATHAN , FUDMAN EDWARD J. , KIVITZ ALAN J. , SCHECHTMAN JOY , TRAPP ROBERT G. , HOBBS KATHRYN F. , GREENWALD MARIA , HOU ANTONY , BOOKBINDER STEPHEN A. , GRAHAM GALEN E. , WIESENHUTTER CRAIG W. , WILLIS LARRY , RUDERMAN ERIC M. , FORSTOT JOSEPH Z. , MARICIC MICHAEL J. , DAO KATHRYN H. , PRITCHARD CHARLES H. , FISKE DARRELL N. , BURCH FRANCIS X. , PRUPAS H. MALIN , ANKLESARIA PERVIN , HEALD ALISON E. 
Published: December 2009

Objective.To assess safety and clinical outcomes in patients with inflammatory arthritis after intraarticular (IA) injection of rAAV2-TNFR:Fc, a recombinant adeno-associated viral vector containing the human tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-immunoglobulin (IgG1) Fc fusion (TNFR:Fc) gene.Methods.In this phase 1/2 randomized study, adults with persistent moderate or severe inflammation in a target joint, being treated with or without systemic anti-TNF therapy, received a single IA injection of either rAAV2-TNFR:Fc (1 × 1011, 1 × 1012, or 1 × 1013DNase-resistant particles/ml joint volume) or placebo, followed by open-label rAAV2-TNFR:Fc 12–30 weeks later, depending on when the target joint met predetermined criteria for reinjection.Results.127 subjects received the first injection of blinded study drug; 95 subjects received open-label rAAV2-TNFR:Fc. Administration site reactions, consisting of transient mild to moderate increases in tenderness and swelling of the injected joint, occurred after 23/191 (12%) rAAV2-TNFR:Fc injections and were dose-dependent. Rates of other adverse events were not dose-dependent. Notable serious adverse events (SAE) included culture-negative septic arthritis in a subject receiving leflunomide and fatal disseminated histoplasmosis considered unrelated to rAAV2-TNFR:Fc in a subject receiving adalimumab. In the phase 2 portion of the study, a 30% decrease in target joint global visual analog scale was observed in 21/50 (42%) rAAV2-TNFR:Fc subjects and 3/16 (19%) placebo subjects 12 weeks after first injection (p = 0.14).Conclusion.IA rAAV2-TNFR:Fc resulted in administration site reactions after 12% of injections. A fatal SAE, disseminated histoplasmosis, was considered not related to study agent. Patient-reported outcome measures of clinical response showed greater improvement in treated patients than placebo patients.
Influence of hysterectomy on fistula formation in women with diverticulitis
Authors: Altman D , Forsgren C , Hjern F , Lundholm C , Cnattingius S , Johansson A L V 
Published: December 2009

Abstract

Background
Diverticulitis is a risk factor for fistula formation but little is known about the influence of hysterectomy in this association. A population-based nationwide matched cohort study was performed to determine the risk of fistula formation in hysterectomized women with, and without, diverticulitis.

Methods
Women who had a hysterectomy between 1973 and 2003, and a matched control cohort, were identified from the Swedish Inpatient Register. Incidence of diverticulitis and fistula surgery was determined by cross-linkage to the Register, and risk was estimated using a Cox regression model.

Results
In a cohort of 168 563 hysterectomized and 614 682 non-hysterectomized women (mean follow-up 11·0 and 11·5 years respectively), there were 14 051 cases of diverticulitis and 851 fistulas. Compared with women who had neither hysterectomy nor diverticulitis, the risk of fistula surgery increased fourfold in hysterectomized women without diverticulitis (hazard ratio (HR) 4·0 (95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 3·5 to 4·7)), sevenfold in non-hysterectomized women with diverticulitis (HR 7·6 (4·8 to 12·1)) and 25-fold in hysterectomized women with diverticulitis (HR 25·2 (15·5 to 41·2)).

Conclusion
Diverticulitis, and to a lesser extent hysterectomy, is strongly associated with the risk of fistula formation. Hysterectomized women with diverticulitis have the highest risk of developing surgically managed fistula.
Cost–utility and value-of-information analysis of early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis
Authors: Wilson E , Gurusamy K , Gluud C , Davidson B R 
Published: December 2009

Abstract

Background
A recent systematic review found early laparoscopic cholecystectomy (ELC) to be safe and to shorten total hospital stay compared with delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy (DLC) for acute cholecystitis. The cost-effectiveness of ELC versus DLC for acute cholecystitis is unknown.

Methods
A decision tree model estimating and comparing costs to the UK National Health Service (NHS) and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained following a policy of either ELC or DLC was developed with a time horizon of 1 year. Uncertainty was investigated with probabilistic sensitivity analysis, and value-of-information analysis estimated the likely return from further investment in research in this area.

Results
ELC is less costly (approximately − £820 per patient) and results in better quality of life (+0·05 QALYs per patient) than DLC. Given a willingness-to-pay threshold of £20 000 per QALY gained, there is a 70·9 per cent probability that ELC is cost effective compared with DLC. Full implementation of ELC could save the NHS £8·5 million per annum.

Conclusion
The results of this decision analytic modelling study suggest that on average ELC is less expensive and results in better quality of life than DLC. Future research should focus on quality-of-life measures alone.
Why we need apocalyptic
Authors: Lowe Walter 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe thesis of this article is that an appropriate apocalyptic is remarkably pertinent, perhaps essential, in addressing certain theological challenges of our time. What an appropriate understanding of apocalyptic might be will, I trust, emerge with discussion; clarifying the contemporary challenges will be the first concern. Once that is done, the argument will proceed through two steps or concepts: first, the issue of concreteness and second, a concept I will call ‘contextualisation’. These steps establish the connection between the challenges and apocalyptic. I conclude by sketching some implications. Throughout, the article is guided by an ongoing conversation with Karl Barth, especially II/1 of theChurch Dogmatics.
Evolutionary games on graphs and the speed of the evolutionary process
Authors: Broom M. , Hadjichrysanthou C. , Rychtář J. 
Published: December 2009

In this paper, we investigate evolutionary games with the invasion process updating rules on three simple non-directed graphs: the star, the circle and the complete graph. Here, we present an analytical approach and derive the exact solutions of the stochastic evolutionary game dynamics. We present formulae for the fixation probability and also for the speed of the evolutionary process, namely for the mean time to absorption (either mutant fixation or extinction) and then the mean time to mutant fixation. Through numerical examples, we compare the different impact of the population size and the fitness of each type of individual on the above quantities on the three different structures. We do this comparison in two specific cases. Firstly, we consider the case where mutants have fixed fitness
r
and resident individuals have fitness 1. Then, we consider the case where the fitness is not constant but depends on games played among the individuals, and we introduce a ‘hawk–dove’ game as an example.
HRM Practices, Organizational Citizenship Behaviour, and Performance: A Multi‐Level Analysis
Authors: Snape Ed , Redman Tom 
Published: December 2009

abstractWe examine the relationship between HRM practices, conceptualized at the workplace level, and individual employee attitudes and behaviour. We focus on two possible explanations for the relationship: social exchange and job influence/employee discretion. Findings from a study of employees in North‐East England suggest that there is a positive impact of HRM practices on organizational citizenship behaviour, through an effect on perceived job influence/discretion. There was no such effect for perceived organizational support. These findings provide support for a job influence and opportunity explanation of HRM effects on employee attitudes and behaviour.
Sand impaction of the small intestine in eight dogs
Authors: Moles A. D. , McGhie J. A. , Schaaf O. R. , Read R. 
Published: December 2009

Objective: To describe signalment, clinical findings, imaging and treatment of intestinal sand impaction in the dog. Methods: Medical records of dogs with radiographic evidence of small intestinal sand impaction were reviewed. Results: Sand impaction resulting in small intestinal obstruction was diagnosed in eight dogs. All dogs presented with signs of vomiting. Other clinical signs included anorexia, lethargy and abdominal pain. Radiographs confirmed the presence of radio‐opaque material consistent with sand causing distension of the terminal small intestine in all dogs. Four dogs were treated surgically for their impaction and four dogs were managed medically. Seven of the eight dogs survived. Clinical Significance: Both medical and surgical management of intestinal sand impaction in the dog can be effective and both afford a good prognosis for recovery.
Effect of Carbon Dioxide on Broth Microdilution Susceptibility Testing of
Brucella
spp
Authors: Lonsway David R. , Jevitt Laura A. , Uhl James R. , Cockerill Franklin R. , Anderson Mary E. , Sullivan Maureen M. , De Barun K. , Edwards Jonathan R. , Patel Jean B. 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACT

Since some strains of
Brucella
species may require carbon dioxide for growth, a multilaboratory study was conducted to compare broth microdilution susceptibility results using ambient air (AA) and 5% CO
2
incubation conditions. Six antimicrobial agents were tested against 39
Brucella
isolates. Aminoglycoside MICs tended to be 1 log
2
dilution higher in CO
2
than in AA; tetracycline-class MICs to be 1 log
2
dilution lower in CO
2
.
Theoretical calculation of the electronic states with spin–orbit effects of the molecule LiCs
Authors: Elkork N. , Houalla D. , Korek M. 
Published: December 2009

The potential energy curves of the molecule LiCs have been calculated for the 55 low-lying electronic states in the Ω-representation. Using an ab initio method the calculation is based on a nonempirical pseudo-potential in the interval 3.0ao≤ R ≤ 40.0ao of the internuclear distance. The spin–orbit effects have been taken into account through a semi-empirical spin–orbit pseudo-potential added to the electrostatic Hamiltonian with Gaussian basis sets for both atoms. The spectroscopic constants have been calculated for 39 states and the components of the spin–orbit splitting have been identified for the states (2, 5)3Π and (1)3Δ. The comparison of the present results with those available in literature shows good agreement, while the other results, to the best of our knowledge, are given here for the first time.
Distribution and Development in Developing Countries: An Empirical Assessment
Authors: Dao Minh Quang 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis paper examines the effect of income distribution on growth in developing countries. Based on data from the World Bank and the United Nations Development Program and the use of a sample of twenty-eight developing economies, this study finds that income distribution does not affect growth in these countries, unlike the results of previous studies conducted by Alesina and Rodrik (1991, 1994). Neither does this study find that the level of democracy in a country has a statistically significant impact on growth. Observations of findings show that the coefficient estimate of one independent variable does not have the anticipated sign due to the severe degree of multicollinearity among statistically significant explanatory variables. Regression results show that the total fertility rate, the initial level of per capita GDP, and the ratio of female to male literacy rate, taken together, linearly influence growth in developing economies. The least-squares estimation technique is applied in a multivariate linear regression. Data for all variables are from the 1978 World Development Report, the World in 2007, and the 1999, 2000, and 2007/08 Human Development Reports.
Adaptive servoventilation in diastolic heart failure and Cheyne–Stokes respiration
Authors: Bitter T. , Westerheide N. , Faber L. , Hering D. , Prinz C. , Langer C. , Horstkotte D. , Oldenburg O. 
Published: December 2009

A high prevalence of nocturnal Cheyne–Stokes respiration (CSR) has been documented in patients with heart failure with normal left ventricular ejection fraction (HFNEF). The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of adaptive servoventilation (ASV) for treatment of CSR in these patients.In 60 patients with HFNEF, defined according to current European Society of Cardiology guidelines, CSR was documented by polysomnography (apnoea/hypopnoea index (AHI) of >15 events·h−1). ASV treatment was offered to all patients; 21 initially rejected treatment, withdrew from treatment or presented noncompliant during follow-up (controls), whereas ongoing ASV therapy was initiated in 39 patients (ASV group). Echocardiography, cardiopulmonary exercise testing and measurement of N-terminal-pro-brain natriuretic peptide were performed at baseline and follow-up (11.6±3 months).ASV therapy led to a significant reduction in AHI, longest apnoea and hypopnoea length, maximum and mean oxygen desaturation by pulse oximetry, percentage of study time with an oxygen saturation of <90% and arousal index. In addition, significant positive effects could be confirmed on absolute and predicted peak oxygen consumption, oxygen consumption at the individual aerobic–anaerobic threshold, oxygen pulse, as well as left atrial size, and transmitral flow patterns (mean early diastolic lengthening velocity and the ratio of peak early Doppler mitral inflow velocity to this lengthening velocity).ASV effectively attenuates CSR in patients with HFNEF and improves heart failure symptoms and cardiac function. Whether or not this is accompanied by an improved prognosis remains to be determined.
Of mice and men: comparative proteomics of bronchoalveolar fluid
Authors: Gharib S. A. , Nguyen E. , Altemeier W. A. , Shaffer S. A. , Doneanu C. E. , Goodlett D. R. , Schnapp L. M. 
Published: December 2009

We hypothesised that comparing the protein mixture in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) between humans and mice may lead to mechanistic insights into common and divergent pathways that evolved in each species.BALF from four humans and six mice was pooled separately and underwent identical shotgun proteomic analysis. Functional and network analysis was applied to identify overlapping and distinct pathways enriched in the BALF. Follow-up experiments using Western analysis in unpooled BALF samples were performed.We identified 91 unique proteins in human and 117 unique proteins in mouse BALF samples. Functional analysis of the proteins revealed conservation of several key processes between the species, including defence response. Oxidative stress response, however, was selectively enriched only in mouse BALF. Differences in the expression of peroxiredoxin-1, a key member of the defence pathway against oxidative injury, were confirmed between normal human and mouse BALF and in models of lung injury.A computational proteomics approach of mouse and human BALF confirms the conservation of immune and defence-mediated pathways while highlighting differences in response to oxidative stress. These observations suggest that the use of mice models to study human lung disorders should be undertaken with an appreciation of interspecies variability.