bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of Monte Carlo simulation for the estimation of production availability in geothermal well
Authors: Pramesti F A , Subekti H , Candra A D 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Wellbore simulation is one of the methods used in geothermal system performance analysis using a mathematical model of the geothermal system that considers parameters such as operating conditions, feed zone parameters, and well geometry. One of the methods used to perform wellbore simulation is the homogenous method. However, the results may still have a high level of uncertainty. To overcome this, probabilistic methods such as the Monte Carlo method can improve the accuracy of geothermal well production capacity modelling. The Monte Carlo method determines variability and uncertainty in the data being analysed. In determining geothermal well production capacity, the Monte Carlo method can take random samples of various influencing parameters, such as operating conditions, feed zone parameters, and well geometry. By conducting a Monte Carlo simulation, a more comprehensive probability distribution related to well production capacity will be obtained, considering the uncertainties associated with the available data. This research aims to determine the probability of production capacity of a candidate well in a geothermal field by considering uncertainty factors. In this research, a simulation is carried out until it converges using the Monte Carlo method so that the probability value will be obtained. Based on the analysis using the Montecarlo method, the probability of production capacity at the VY-1 Well of Vyatra Field is obtained, namely the P10 value with a large Mwe of 8.31 with an error of 0.102. Next, the P50 value obtained a Mwe value of 11.44 with an error of 0.001. Then P90 was obtained at 14.44 with an error of 0.012. Based on the analysis results, the most influential parameter in determining the production capacity of a Geothermal well is the productivity index value, followed by temperature and reservoir pressure.
Physical property comparison of polymeric KCl sludge composition and polyamine at different temperatures
Authors: Samura Lisa , Rosyidan Cahaya , Maulani Mustamina , Prakoso Suryo , Satiyawira Bayu , Djumantara Maman , Ridaliani Onnie , Ginting Mulia , Apriniyadi Mohammad 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Drilling mud is a fluid used to assist the drilling process. The composition and physical properties of the mud greatly influence a drilling operation. Drilling operations that penetrate formations with shale content have the potential to experience drilling problems related to shale hydration. To get a good ability to prevent shale hydration, mud is added with polymeric and polyamine KCl additives (shale inhibitors) with the aim of stabilizing shale in contact with drilling fluid, as well as preventing drill cuttings from forming colloids. The results obtained in the KCl polymer mud composition at temperatures of 80°F, 250°F, and 300°F for mud weight were 9.3 ppg, 9.1 ppg, and 9 ppg, respectively. Funnel viscosity was 40 sec/qt, 36 sec/qt, and 34 sec/qt. Tap rates were 4.8 cc, 6 cc, and 6.6 cc. Mud cake remained at 1 mm and pH also remained at 9. While the results obtained on polyamine mud composition at temperatures of 80°F, 250°F, and 300°F for mud weight were 9.2 ppg, 8.9 ppg, and 8.8 ppg, respectively. Funnel viscosity was 26 sec/qt, 20 sec/qt, and 17 sec/qt. Tap rate of 10 cc, 13.8 cc, and 15 cc. Mud cake of 1 mm, 2 mm, and 2 mm. pH remains at 9. The data obtained shows that the results of the physical properties of polymeric KCl mud are better than polyamine mud.
Comparison of methanol and ethylene glycol effectiveness as chemical inhibitors in the prevention of gas hydrates in well testing barge DT-05 well Z Mahakam field
Authors: Purnomosidi  , Igor W , Erdila I 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Gas hydrate is one of the production problems that are often encountered in the management of natural gas wells. Well Z is a natural gas well in the Mahakam field which routinely be tested periodically to determine the ability of flow rate and the production parameters using well testing barge. However, there are often for the formation of gas hydrate formed in several test components in well testing barge. This study aims to determine the effectiveness use of 2 inhibitor chemicals, which are methanol and glycol in handling gas hydrate in the testing barge. Natural gas flow originating from wellhead / upstream 5 MMScfd and temperature 122 °F and the operating pressure 2187 psia. From the simulation results, gas hydrate will form at 46.33 °F and it is obtained that the gas hydrate formation was predicted at the choke manifold. Fluid stream passing through the choke manifold had decreased the pressure into 254 psi and there is also a decrease in temperature from 122 °F to 41.88 °F. Methanol injection develops free of potential hydrates to form in flowlines. The temperature at which hydrates are formed changes to 33.88 °F. In the other hand, after Ethylene glycol injection in flowline, hydrates formation temperature dropped to 0.48 °F. From these results it can be resumed that the application of Ethylene Glycol injection on the process is more effective lowering the temperature of the formation of hydrates in well testing barge.
Comparison of geosite and geomorphosite quantitative analysis for geotourism purposes in Baturraden (Purwokerto) and Guci (Tegal) hot springs tourism area, Central Java
Authors: Pratomo S U , Haty I P , Ulhaq D , Martasari R D 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Baturraden (Purwokerto) and Guci (Tegal) are popular tourist attractions on the hill of Gunung Slamet, Central Java Province. Each location has an object that can be analyzed as a geotourism potential, as the manifestation of hot springs. Regionally, the research area is included in the Slamet Volcano Lava Rock (Qvls), which is composed of Quaternary andesitic vesicular andesitic lava, and Undifferentiated Slamet Volcano Rock (Qvs), which is composed of Quaternary volcanic breccia, lava, and tuff. The research was carried out using three stages of research, e.g: the literature study stage, the field research stage, and the geosite and geomorphosite analysis stage, using a quantitative assessment method, according to Kubalikova (2013). Five geosites and geomorphosite are assessed: Pancuran-7 and Pancuran-3 (Baturraden), as well as Pancuran-13, Pancuran-5, and Sigeong hot spring (Guci). The results of the quantitative analysis based on the existing parameters sequentially are 82%, 75%, 79%, 79%, and 63%. These results indicate that Pancuran-7, Pancuran-3, Pancuran-13, and Pancuran-5 sites are very feasible for geotourism-based tourist objects. The Sigeong site needs to be improved in several aspects, especially infrastructure. Parameters that need to be considered for all objects are conservation values due to disaster risk factors that already exist and disaster risk factors that are still potential and have yet to occur, such as volcanic eruptions and landslides, as well as the process of destruction that occurs in several objects that can threaten the sustainability of tourist sites. In addition, it is necessary to increase the understanding of residents and visitors who come about geological information related to the formation of hot springs, both in the form of information boards posted around the site and information displayed on local websites.
Assessment of Kedung Tolok Waterfall as a new geosite potential in Bantul, Yogyakarta
Authors: Yana Putra Ghaly , Khafid Ma’ruf Abdullah , Putra Maulana Aji Sakti Heza , Salfa Nur Rahman Pratama Aditya , Prasetyadi Carolus 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Kedung Tolok Waterfall has the potential to be promoted as a new geosite in the Yogyakarta geoheritage area. This waterfall is located in Selopamioro Village, Imogiri Subdistrict, Bantul Regency, DIY. Physiographically, this waterfall is included in the southern mountain zone of Java and is found in the Nglanggeran formation which has a constituent lithology in the form of volcanic breccia and agglomerate. The lithology of the Kedung Tolok Waterfall has evidence of recorded marine volcanic deposits which gives this object the potential to be promoted as a geosite. By promoting this object as a geosite, it will get protection and conservation from the government and increase exposure which will bring an economic increase for the local community. Therefore, this study aims to assess the feasibility of Kedung Tolok Waterfall as a new geosite in the Yogyakarta geoheritage area both in terms of tourism, geodiversity, and scientific value. The research uses geosite assessment, which includes intrinsic and scientific value, education value, economic value, conservation value, and additional value to determine its feasibility as a geosite object. Scientific value assesses the level of object diversity, distinctiveness, integrity, and scientific knowledge of the object. Educational value assesses representation, pedagogical use, educational products, and use of the object for education. Economic value assesses accessibility, local products, and tourist infrastructure. conservation value assesses potential and ongoing risks, object destruction status and legal protection. Added value assesses cultural relations, ecology, and beauty of the object. The assessment results obtained, are a scientific value of 75%, an educational value of 37.5%, an economic value of 50%, a conservation value of 62.5%, an added value of 28.5%, and the results of the overall total value of 52.78% which includes feasible to become a geosite. However, there is a value with a low percentage, namely the value of education. Therefore, this research provides some development suggestions to increase the assessment value of Kedung Tolok Waterfall, such as the addition of educational products, appointment as an official geosite, and the creation of further research on cultural and ecological issues.
Low-loss and broadband arbitrary ratios 1 × 2 power splitter based on asymmetrically tapered multimode interference
Authors: Zhu Zhuangzhuang , Zhong Yunxian , Lin Dong , Tong Xue , Zhong Qing , He Jinping 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This work presents a low-loss and broadband 1 × 2 power splitter with arbitrary power splitting ratios (PSRs) based on asymmetrically tapered multimode interference. The asymmetrically input tapered waveguide is employed to gradually alter the direction of light propagating in the multimode region. Experimental results show that the device can maintain low losses (∼0.2–0.4 dB) with adjusted PSRs ranging from 50%:50% to 75%:25% at 1550 nm. The adjustable range of PSRs can be extended by increasing the asymmetry of the structure. Additionally, its performance is weakly dependent on wavelength within the range of 1530–1565 nm. Benefiting from the gradual alteration of the direction of light propagation, the device exhibits a low output phase difference of ±8.7°, and the maximum phase deviation is below 6.2° over the wavelength range from 1500 nm to 1600 nm.
Study on mode properties of GaAs-based hybrid plasmonic terahertz waveguides
Authors: Mahankali Pallavi , Thipparaju Rama Rao 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Terahertz (THz) fields are increasingly being used to address the critical challenges associated with achieving high data rates and rapid communication. In this study, a hybrid plasmonic THz waveguide is designed and analysed operating in the 2.5–3.5 THz frequency range. The waveguide is constructed using gallium arsenide as the high-refractive-index core, surrounded by aluminium arsenide and silver placed on a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) substrate. Graphene is strategically positioned between the HDPE layers to enhance light confinement. The mode properties of the proposed waveguide are simulated with Comol Multiphysics using the finite-element method and show unique characteristics. Observation of the simulated results at 2.5–3.5 THz reveals a high effective refractive index of 3.79, a maximum effective mode area of 1.88 mm2, a high birefringence of 0.2, a low dispersion of 0.10 ps THz−1 cm−1, a high mode field diameter of 15.8 mm, a high beat length of 123 mm and a low confinement loss of 1.79 × 10−9 mm−1. These features make the proposed waveguide suitable for applications in photonic integrated circuits for THz communications.
The antimicrobial synergy of polymer based nanofiber mats reinforced with antioxidants intercalated layered double hydroxides as a potential active packaging material
Authors: Madhushika Ineesha Piumali , Yapa Piumika , Munaweera Imalka , Sandaruwan Chanaka , Weerasekera M M 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Perishable food post-harvest loss is a major global concern, and research is currently concentrated on creating active packaging materials. This research is focused in multiple antioxidants intercalated Layered Double Hydroxides (LDH) that are combined in one matrix, and their overall effect that defines as synergism, which successfully preserves perishable food by releasing antioxidants slowly. For this purpose, a hybrid LDH material of ascorbic-LDH (AA-LDH), salicylic-LDH (SA-LDH), and citric-LDH (CA-LDH) was synthesized, characterized and incorporate into electrospun nanofiber mat to be used as a potential active packaging material. Antioxidants intercalated Mg/Al LDH was synthesized and successfully characterized by PXRD, FTIR, XPS, Raman, SEM, and EDS. The shifts in the LDHs’ peaks in PXRD indicated the successful incorporation of antioxidants into LDH. FTIR, Raman, and XPS data clearly indicated the establishment of metal-oxygen bonds by observing the characteristic peaks. Morphological features and the layered structure were clearly observed by SEM images. Antioxidants were slowly released from the LDHs, and it was evaluated for time intervals up to 24 h. The hybrid LDH material exhibited the highest antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 132.5 μg ml−1, where 234.1, 354.5, and 402.2 μg ml−1 were reported for ascorbic-LDH, salicylic-LDH, and citric-LDH respectively. The hybrid LDH material incorporated electrospun mats showed the best antibacterial activity against the tested bacteria and clearly evidenced the synergistic activity of the combination of the nanohybrids. It has showed a minimal bacterial growth compared to the other control samples (∼2.41 log CFU/ml). The shelf life of cherry tomatoes was studied at different physiochemical parameters with and without hybrid LDH material incorporated electrospun mats. The fabricated mat showed an extended shelf life of 42 days for cherry tomatoes, whereas the control sample showed a shelf life of 17 days. It is concluded that hybrid LDH material exhibited synergistic performance and the best antioxidant activity when comparing with mono LDH materials.
Modeling of MoS2/Si heterostructure to study charge transfer dynamics
Authors: Tiwari Vartika , Kushwaha Aditya , Goel Neeraj 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Here, we synthesized a MoS2/Si heterojunction device using a scalable approach involving DC sputtering coupled with sulfurization. The observed current–voltage characteristics unequivocally indicate a rectifying behavior at MoS2/Si heterointerface. To quantitatively assess the carrier dynamics, a comprehensive analysis utilizing thermionic emission and Landauer transport formalism model was employed. The spatial variation in current across the MoS2/Si devices suggests a potential influence of MoS2’s in-plane series resistance. Furthermore, the electrical behavior of the device is found to be temperature-dependent, with higher temperatures resulting in enhanced conductivity attributed to an increase in thermally generated charge carriers. As temperature rises, the Landauer current model observes an increased ratio of density of states to carrier injection rate, along with other temperature-dependent terms. Meanwhile, the thermionic current model maintains a fixed effective value for its material-dependent term, the Richardson constant, irrespective of temperature changes. Therefore, a comparative analysis between thermionic emission and Landauer transport formalism reveals that the conventional thermionic emission model better aligns with experimentally observed leakage current in reverse bias, showcasing a minimal barrier height at the heterojunction. This comprehensive investigation provides valuable insights into the charge transfer mechanisms at the MoS2/Si interface, opening avenues for its potential innovative applications in electronic devices.
Synthesis, disorder and Ising anisotropy in a new spin liquid candidate PrMgAl11O19
Authors: Cao Yantao , Bu Huanpeng , Fu Zhendong , Zhao Jinkui , Gardner Jason S , Ouyang Zhongwen , Tian Zhaoming , Li Zhiwei , Guo Hanjie 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Here we report the successful synthesis of large single crystals of triangular frustrated PrMgAl11O19 using the optical floating zone technique. Single crystal x-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements unveiled the presence of quenched disorder within the mirror plane, specifically ~7% of Pr ions deviating from the ideal 2d site towards the 6h site. Magnetic susceptibility measurements revealed an Ising anisotropy with the c-axis being the easy axis. Despite a large spin–spin interaction that develops below ~10 K and considerable site disorder, the spins do not order or freeze down to at least 50 mK. The availability of large single crystals offers a distinct opportunity to investigate the exotic magnetic state on a triangular lattice with an easy axis out of the plane.
Introduction
Authors: Sykes Katharine 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter introduces some of the previous discussions and debates surrounding the relationship between secular and monastic households in early medieval England. In contrast with previous scholarship, which tends to explore monastic and secular households separately, and to focus on either the earlier period (600–800) or the later period (800–1100), the author argues that some of the key mutations in the shape and size of monastic and secular households that become visible in the tenth and eleventh centuries should be traced back to the introduction of ‘new and unknown forms of life’ in the seventh century. These new forms of life include the practice of lifelong virginity and the creation of households which reproduced through social rather than biological means.
The Reproduction of Mothering
Authors: Sykes Katharine 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the impact of one of the most significant ‘new and unknown forms of life’ that were introduced in the seventh century, namely the idea that reproduction might take non-biological as well as biological form. The author traces the ways in which this new idea interacted with existing gender hierarchies, roles, and symbols. She argues that mothering proved to be a more elastic concept than fathering: any woman in a position of leadership might be conceived of as a mother, regardless of her sexual or reproductive status, but fathering was more zealously protected, and spiritual and biological forms of paternity were more clearly distinguished from one another.
The Traffic in Women
Authors: Sykes Katharine 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores a second factor that had a considerable impact on the household, namely the idea of virginity as a lifelong state, rather than a stage in the lifecycle. This not only had implications for the ways in which households were reproduced; it also had a considerable impact on existing forms of consumption, exchange, and display. The oblation of children—especially daughters from high-status families—provided an opportunity for conspicuous display through the removal of an object from circulation, just as earlier communities had buried valuable objects with their dead. Over the course of the seventh and early eighth centuries, monasteries came to hold significant reserves of wealth in both human and material form; as such, they were vulnerable to predation.
Speculum of the Other Woman
Authors: Sykes Katharine 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the ways in which monastic households in the tenth and eleventh centuries adapted the rhetoric of spiritual maternity that had been developed in the seventh and eighth centuries to new ends. In contrast with scholarship that views similarities between hagiographical accounts of early female saints as evidence of the transmission of fragmentary knowledge via maternal genealogies, I suggest that these patterns help to shed light on practices of embroidery, forgery, and mimicry in the tenth and eleventh century that were designed to reinforce a community’s claims to the lands and relics of a virginal founder figure.
Stones and Lives
Authors: Frowe Helen , Matravers Derek 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The fate of heritage in war has attracted considerable attention in recent years, due in no small part to ISIS’s campaign of destruction across the Middle East and, in 2012, the International Criminal Court’s first prosecution of heritage destruction as a war crime. Regular armed forces have been criticised both for failing to protect and for damaging heritage sites. In response, heritage organisations urge the better implementation of existing international laws on heritage protection in war. This book argues that any such law or policy will require combatants to choose between safeguarding heritage and safeguarding other goods, including human life. It rejects the view, common among heritage professionals, that the apparent choice between protecting heritage and protecting lives presents a false dichotomy. Existing international law not only implies such choices but also, and more worryingly, gives no indication of how they should be resolved. Drawing on contemporary work on the ethics of war, this book develops an account of the permissible protection of heritage in war. It argues that heritage is not morally special; rather, heritage is one of many goods that contribute to individuals’ lives going well and that we routinely trade off against each other. By drawing on these more familiar dilemmas, we can make progress on how to balance the protection of heritage against risks to human life. Amongst other things, the book considers the ways in which heritage might contribute to individual flourishing, the role of consent in justifying the imposition of risk on combatants and civilians, the permissibility of forcefully defending heritage and what, if anything, could compensate for the loss of heritage in war.
Conflicts in Heritage Protection
Authors: Frowe Helen , Matravers Derek 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter introduces the Inseparability Thesis—that is, the claim that protecting heritage is inseparable from protecting people and thus the two cannot conflict. The Inseparability Thesis holds considerable sway amongst heritage professionals, including some of those charged with delivering cultural heritage training to armed forces. We identify numerous ways in which protecting heritage can conflict with protecting people, including conflicts arising from the obligations laid out in the 1954 Hague Convention on the Protection of Cultural Property in Times of Armed Conflict. Both the necessity and proportionality constraints contained within the Convention require trading the protection of heritage against other goods at stake in war. More generally, conflicts between protecting heritage and protecting lives arise whenever there is a scarcity of relevant resources, including money, time, labour, and space. Given that such conflicts are pervasive, the influence of the Inseparability Thesis is puzzling. This chapter suggests that its popularity rests on a mistake about the implications of value pluralism. We can recognise that protecting heritage can conflict with protecting people without committing ourselves to consistently sacrificing heritage for the sake of other goods. The chapter argues that recognising conflicts between people and heritage is essential for understanding the scope of permitted heritage protection.