bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conversion, Self-Discovery, and Moral Change
Authors: Cottingham John 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis chapter examines the idea of conversion, which is seldom an uncomplicated progression in virtue, but often arises from the sense of an objective ethical demand requiring the direction of life to change. In the ‘psycho-ethical dynamics’ of conversion, the emotions typically play a role in ‘unblocking’ the resistance to change. Such radical moral ‘rebirth’ appears favourably when contrasted first with the picture of ethical development found in Aristotelian virtue theory, and, second, with modern secular accounts such as that of André Compte-Sponville, where submission to an external demand is replaced by the liberation of the ego as autonomous determiner of the good. The chapter points in conclusion to analogies between the psychotherapeutic goal of liberating us from infantile projections so that we can confront the therapist without evasion, and the religious idea of God as the compassionate Other, before whom one must present oneself in wholeness of being.
Brain Laterality and Religious Awareness
Authors: Cottingham John 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIain McGilchrist’s study The Master and His Emissary examines the roles of the left and right hemispheres of the brain in different kinds of mental capacities, and goes on to distinguish two corresponding ways of relating to the world, an ‘abstracted’ mode and a ‘connected’ mode. This chapter asks what philosophical conclusions should be drawn from this (a question that necessarily takes us outside the domain of science). Pointing to the bilateral workings of the brain should reduce the temptation to see consciousness as an indivisible centre of awareness to which we have transparent access. The detached, analytic, ‘left-brain’ view of a phenomenon should never be mistaken for a fully adequate grasp of its significance, and this should affect the way we philosophize about religion. In striving to understand the nature of the reality surrounding us, both modes of relating to the world, the analytic and the intuitive, are essential.
Engagement, Immersion, and Enactment
Authors: Cottingham John 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis final chapter takes up the previously discussed notion of modes of awareness that depend on engagement and involvement, and relates it to the role of praxis in shaping a religious outlook. Philosophical argument may sometimes generate religious belief, but the transformative effect of spiritual praxis is often more significant. Examining this process helps us to see how religious belief and spiritual practice are related: the latter works on us not just intellectually, but emotionally and physically, in a multi-layered, holistic way that engages the whole person. It allows us, instead of scrutinizing a worldview from a distance, to immerse ourselves in it so that, through imaginative identification, it becomes a fundamental part of who we are. In spiritual praxis we are able to enact our longing for the good, thereby coming as close as our finite human nature allows to encountering the infinite perfection that eludes complete philosophical understanding.
The genetic etiology is a relevant cause of central precocious puberty
Authors: Canton Ana Pinheiro Machado , Seraphim Carlos Eduardo , Montenegro Luciana Ribeiro , Krepischi Ana Cristina Victorino , Mendonca Berenice Bilharinho , Latronico Ana Claudia , Brito Vinicius Nahime 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The etiology of central precocious puberty (CPP) has expanded with identification of new genetic causes, including the monogenic deficiency of Makorin-Ring-Finger-Protein-3 (MKRN3). We aimed to assess the prevalence of CPP causes and the predictors of genetic involvement in this phenotype.

Design
A retrospective cohort study for an etiological survey of patients with CPP from a single academic center.

Methods
All patients with CPP had detailed medical history, phenotyping, and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); those with negative brain MRI (apparently idiopathic) were submitted to genetic studies, mainly DNA sequencing studies, genomic microarray, and methylation analysis.

Results
We assessed 270 patients with CPP: 50 (18.5%) had CPP-related brain lesions (34 [68%] congenital lesions), whereas 220 had negative brain MRI. Of the latter, 174 (165 girls) were included for genetic studies. Genetic etiologies were identified in 22 patients (20 girls), indicating an overall frequency of genetic CPP of 12.6% (22.2% in boys and 12.1% in girls). The most common genetic defects were MKRN3, Delta-Like-Non-Canonical-Notch-Ligand-1 (DLK1), and Methyl-CpG-Binding-Protein-2 (MECP2) loss-of-function mutations, followed by 14q32.2 defects (Temple syndrome). Univariate logistic regression identified family history (odds ratio [OR] 3.3; 95% CI 1.3-8.3; P = .01) and neurodevelopmental disorders (OR 4.1; 95% CI 1.3-13.5; P = .02) as potential clinical predictors of genetic CPP.

Conclusions
Distinct genetic causes were identified in 12.6% patients with apparently idiopathic CPP, revealing the genetic etiology as a relevant cause of CPP in both sexes. Family history and neurodevelopmental disorders were suggested as predictors of genetic CPP. We originally proposed an algorithm to investigate the etiology of CPP including genetic studies.
High-Impact Pain Is Associated With Epigenetic Aging Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults: Findings From the Health and Retirement Study
Authors: Tamargo Javier A , Strath Larissa J , Cruz-Almeida Yenisel 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Chronic pain has been associated with accelerated biological aging, which may be related to epigenetic alterations. We evaluated the association of high-impact pain (ie, pain that limits activities and function) with epigenetic aging, a measure of biological aging, in a nationally representative sample of middle-aged and older adults in the United States.

Methods
Cross-sectional analysis of adults 50 years of age and older from the 2016 Health and Retirement Study. Epigenetic aging was derived from 13 epigenetic clocks based on DNA methylation patterns that predict aging correlates of morbidity and mortality. Ordinary least squares regressions were performed to test for differences in the epigenetic clocks, adjusting for the complex survey design, as well as biological, social, and behavioral factors.

Results
The analysis consisted of 3 855 adults with mean age of 68.5 years, including 59.8% with no pain and 25.8% with high-impact pain. Consistent with its operational definition, high-impact pain was associated with greater functional and activity limitations. High-impact pain was associated with accelerated epigenetic aging compared to no pain, as measured via second (Zhang, PhenoAge, GrimAge) and third (DunedinPoAm) generation epigenetic clocks. Additionally, GrimAge was accelerated in high-impact pain as compared to low-impact pain.

Conclusions
High-impact pain is associated with accelerated epigenetic aging among middle-aged and older adults in the United States. These findings highlight aging-associated epigenetic alterations in high-impact chronic pain and suggest a potential for epigenetic therapeutic approaches for pain management and the preservation of physical function in older adults.
METTL3 Promotes Nucleus Pulposus Cell Senescence in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration by Regulating TLR2 m6A Methylation and Gut Microbiota
Authors: Ni Shuangfei , Huang Xiusheng , Li Xuesen , Shi Chenhao , Fan Mingzhe , Zhao Lantian , Rong Zijie , Zhang Huafeng 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Nucleus pulposus cell (NPC) senescence in intervertebral disc (IVD) tissue is the major pathological cause of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation and gut microbiota play important roles in the progression of IDD. This study investigated whether methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) regulates TLR2 m6A modification and gut microbiota to influence NPC senescence.

Methods
An IDD rat model was established by lumbar IVD puncture and NPCs were challenged with IL-1β to mimic IVD injury. IDD rats and IL-1β-exposed NPCs were treated with METTL3-interfering lentivirus and the TLR2 agonist Pam3CSK4. Compositional changes in the rat gut microbiota were analyzed and fecal microbiota transplantation procedures were used. NPC senescence, cell cycle, and the expression of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors were assessed. The m6A enrichment of TLR2 and the binding of IGF2BP1 to TLR2 mRNA were examined.

Results
METTL3 and TLR2 were highly expressed in IDD rats. METTL3 silencing attenuated senescent phenotypes and reduced secretion of SASP factors. Pam3CSK4 reversed the beneficial effects of METTL3 silencing on NPC senescence and IVD injury. METTL3 stabilized TLR2 mRNA in an IGF2BP1-dependent manner. METTL3 silencing restored specific gut microbiota levels in IDD rats, which was further reversed by administration of Pam3CSK4. Fecal microbiota from METTL3 silenced IDD rats altered the pathological phenotypes of IDD rats.

Conclusions
These results demonstrate the beneficial effects of METTL3 silencing on NPC senescence and amelioration of IVD injury, involving modulation of TLR2 m6A modification and gut microbiota. These findings support METTL3 silencing as a potential therapeutic target for IDD.
Baseline Assessment of Serum Cytokines Predicts Clinical and Endoscopic Response to Ustekinumab in Patients With Crohn’s Disease: A Prospective Pilot Study
Authors: Bertani Lorenzo , Antonioli Luca , Fornili Marco , D’Antongiovanni Vanessa , Ceccarelli Linda , Carmisciano Luca , Benvenuti Laura , Mumolo Maria Gloria , Bottari Andrea , Pardi Veronica , Baiano Svizzero Giovanni , Baglietto Laura , De Bortoli Nicola , Bellini Massimo , Fornai Matteo , Costa Francesco 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
No biomarkers are currently available to predict therapeutic response to ustekinumab (UST) in Crohn’s disease (CD). The aim of this prospective study was to identify 1 or more cytokines able to predict mucosal healing in patients with CD treated with UST.

Methods
We prospectively enrolled consecutive CD patients treated with UST. At weeks 0 (baseline), 24, and 48, a panel of serum cytokines was measured by a fluorescence assay. At the same time points, fecal calprotectin (FC) was assessed. A colonoscopy was performed at baseline and at week 48, where therapeutic outcome was evaluated in terms of mucosal healing.

Results
Out of 44 patients enrolled, 22 (50%) achieved mucosal healing at the end of follow-up. Response was associated with higher interleukin (IL)-23 levels (P &lt; .01). Fecal calprotectin levels decreased over time in responders but did not change in nonresponders (test for the interaction between time and mucosal healing, P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
This pilot study showed that IL-23 and FC could be reliable biomarkers in predicting therapeutic outcome to UST therapy in CD. In particular, the correlation between baseline serum levels of IL-23 and mucosal healing at 48 weeks is particularly strong, paving the way for its use to drive therapeutic decisions.
Claimants and Standing
Authors: Caro de Sousa Pedro 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis chapter covers the rules on standing for non-contractual liability and the categories of claimants for damages in competition law cases. It explains that the rules on standing for non-contractual liability typically determine who has standing to sue for compensation for competition harm suffered. While rules on causation and standing may be related, they are conceptually distinct. Moreover, economic injuries have a way of rippling through markets, creating larger numbers of victims than a typical contract or tortious dispute, which then creates a broad range of potential claimants. The chapter enumerates direct purchasers, indirect purchasers, and other plaintiffs as different categories of claimants.
Reaction-diffusion modeling provides insights into biophysical carbon-concentrating mechanisms in land plants
Authors: Kaste Joshua A M , Walker Berkley J , Shachar-Hill Yair 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Carbon-concentrating mechanisms (CCMs) have evolved numerous times in photosynthetic organisms. They elevate the concentration of CO2 around the carbon-fixing enzyme rubisco, thereby increasing CO2 assimilatory flux and reducing photorespiration. Biophysical CCMs, like the pyrenoid-based CCM (PCCM) of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii or carboxysome systems of cyanobacteria, are common in aquatic photosynthetic microbes, but in land plants appear only among the hornworts. To predict the likely efficiency of biophysical CCMs in C3 plants, we used spatially resolved reaction-diffusion models to predict rubisco saturation and light use efficiency. We found that the energy efficiency of adding individual CCM components to a C3 land plant is highly dependent on the permeability of lipid membranes to CO2, with values in the range reported in the literature that are higher than those used in previous modeling studies resulting in low light use efficiency. Adding a complete PCCM into the leaf cells of a C3 land plant was predicted to boost net CO2 fixation, but at higher energetic costs than those incurred by photorespiratory losses without a CCM. Two notable exceptions were when substomatal CO2 levels are as low as those found in land plants that already use biochemical CCMs and when gas exchange is limited, such as with hornworts, making the use of a biophysical CCM necessary to achieve net positive CO2 fixation under atmospheric CO2 levels. This provides an explanation for the uniqueness of hornworts' CCM among land plants and the evolution of pyrenoids multiple times.
Advancements in bioscavenger mediated detoxification of organophosphorus poisoning
Authors: Li Hexi , Lu Cong , Liu Zhenmin , Xiang Fengshun , Liu Bo , Wang Hongjuan , Chang Jie , Pan Li , Chen Youwei , Chen Jingfei 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Organophosphorus compounds, widely used in agriculture and industry, pose a serious threat to human health due to their acute neurotoxicity. Although traditional interventions for organophosphate poisoning are effective, they often come with significant side effects.

Objective
This paper aims to evaluate the potential of enzymes within biological organisms as organophosphorus bioclearing agents. It analyses the technical challenges in current enzyme research, such as substrate specificity, stereoselectivity, and immunogenicity, while exploring recent advancements in the field.

Methods
A comprehensive review of literature related to detoxifying enzymes or proteins was conducted. Existing studies on organophosphorus bioclearing agents were summarised, elucidating the biological detoxification mechanisms, with a particular focus on advancements in protein engineering and novel delivery methods.

Results
Current bioclearing agents can be categorised into stoichiometric and catalytic bioclearing agents, both of which have shown some success in preventing organophosphate poisoning. Technological advancements have significantly improved various properties of bioclearing agents, yet challenges remain, particularly in substrate specificity, stereoselectivity, and immunogenicity. Future research will focus on expanding the substrate spectrum, enhancing catalytic efficiency, prolonging in vivo half-life, and developing convenient administration methods.

Conclusion
With the progression of clinical trials, bioclearing agents are expected to become widely used as a new generation of therapeutic organophosphate detoxifiers.
Christian Worldview and Caring in Nursing
Authors: Osaka Kyoko , Soriano Gil P. , Blaquera Allan Paulo L. , Tanioka Tetsuya , Baua Maria Elizabeth C. , Schoenhofer Savina O. , Ray Marilyn A. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT:
Sister Simone Roach, a noted philosopher of caring in nursing, left behind a significant body of theoretical and practical work highlighting the areas of nursing ethics, care/caring, and compassion. This article explores the integration of the moral foundation of agape love in Pauline theology and Roach's human caring in nursing (1992) as the action of agape love. A narrative literature review explores the relationship between the scriptural ethics of St. Paul (Pauline ethics) and Roach's caring in nursing.
Next-generation sequencing identifies the mutational signature of double primary and metastatic malignancies: A case report
Authors: Tang Shiying , Deng Yixiao , Yan Yinan , Bai Jie , He Huiying , Zhang Shudong , Yang Jie , Qiu Min , Tian Xiaojun 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We present the case of a 59-year-old Chinese man diagnosed with stage III clear cell renal cell carcinoma who developed 2 suspicious lung lesions 5 years after follow-up. Pathological evaluation revealed 2 distinct types of cancer: lung adenocarcinoma in situ and clear cell renal carcinoma with lung metastasis. Lung tissue samples were sequenced using a panel of 1267 cancer-related genes. The analysis revealed completely different molecular profiles between the 2 lung lesions and similar clonal mutations in the superior lingular lobe and kidney. This indicates multiple metachronous primary tumors.
Assessment and Identification of Improvement Areas for Facial Symmetry in Hemifacial Microsomia (Type IIB) Using Three-dimensional Measurements
Authors: Niikura Yoichiro , Ishii Takenobu , Sakamoto Yoshiaki , Ariizumi Dai , Sakamoto Teruo , Sueishi Kenji 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Surgical planning for hemifacial microsomia (HFM) patients often involves planning the amount of maxillary movement and mandibular bone distraction from three-dimensional (3D) volumetric images constructed from computed tomography scans. By representing anatomical indicators for facial symmetry in X, Y, and Z coordinates, we identified the more challenging areas in correcting facial asymmetry.

Methods:
The study included five HFM patients with a mean age of 22.2 years, all diagnosed with HFM (type IIB). We established measurement points with high reproducible 3D coordinates on the 3D volumetric images obtained from computed tomography scans for before surgery, treatment objectives, and after surgery. We assessed the symmetry of measurement points between the affected side and nonaffected side at each time point.

Results:
In the before-surgery group, significant differences were observed between the affected side and nonaffected side in X,Y (excluding Palatine foramen, upper molar, canine) and Z coordinates for measurement items. In the treatment objectives group, no differences were observed between the affected side and nonaffected side in X, Y, and Z coordinates, resulting in facial symmetry. In the after-surgery group, significant differences were observed in Y coordinates in the mental foramen area, and significant differences were observed in z axis measurement items in the canine and mental foramen areas.

Conclusions:
It is evident that relying solely on a front view assessment is insufficient to achieve facial symmetry. Particularly, both anterior–posterior and vertical improvements in the area near the mental foramen on the affected side are necessary.
Proximal Bilateral Arm Transplantation with Left Shoulder Reconstruction: Outcomes at 24 Months
Authors: Lahlali Selma , Petruzzo Palmina , Gaillard Christophe , Kanitakis Jean , Huchon Laure , Feugier Patrick , Badet Lionel , Rode Gilles , Morelon Emmanuel , Gazarian Aram 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Arm transplantation has been proposed as a valid therapeutic option for arm amputees. A bilateral arm transplantation including reconstruction of the left shoulder was performed on January 13, 2021 in Lyon (France).

Methods:
The recipient was a 48-year-old man with bilateral amputation at proximal arm level on both sides following an electric shock in 1998. He had received a liver transplant in 2002. The donor was a 35-year-old man. On the right side, the donor humerus was fixed on the remaining 9-cm-long proximal stump, and was reinforced with the donor fibula in an intramedullary fashion. On the left side, the whole donor humerus (including the humeral head) was transplanted with reconstruction of the gleno-humeral joint, including a suspension ligamentoplasty. The immunosuppressive protocol was based on antithymocyte globulins as induction therapy, and tacrolimus, steroids and mycophenolate mofetil as maintenance therapy.

Results:
Good bone healing and a well-positioned ligamentoplasty on the left side were achieved. At 2 years, the recipient was able to flex both elbows, and wrist extension, finger flexion, and extension were appreciated on both sides. Intrinsic muscle activity was detectable by electromyography during the eighth posttransplant month, and sensitivity was recovered. The patient is satisfied with his autonomy in some daily activities, but his greatest satisfaction is the recovery of his body image.

Conclusions:
These results confirm that it is possible to propose this transplantation to proximal-level arm amputees. The patients’ information about risks and limits as well as their compliance and determination remain important prerequisites.
The economic impact of infection and/or nonunion on long-bone shaft fractures: a systematic review
Authors: Flores Michael J. , Brown Kelsey E. , O'Marr Jamieson M. , Adejuyigbe Babapelumi , Rodarte Patricia , Gomez-Alvarado Francisco , Nwachuku Kelechi , Urva Mayur , Shearer David 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background:
Long-bone fractures are a major cause of morbidity worldwide. These injuries are often complicated by infection or nonunion, which significantly affect patient quality of life and economic costs. Although studies have quantified the impact of these fractures, there is not a comprehensive review summarizing their economic and lifestyle costs.

Study Objective:
This review summarized the impact of long-bone fracture infection and nonunion on health-related quality of life, as measured by utility scores, and both direct and indirect economic costs.

Methods:
A systematic review was conducted using the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. The search included terms related to long-bone fractures, infection, nonunion, cost, and utility. The search yielded 1267 articles, and after deduplication, 1144 were screened, yielding 116 articles for full-text review. Screening was conducted using Covidence and extraction using REDCap.

Results:
Twenty-two articles met inclusion criteria, with the majority being from the United States and Europe. Most articles were retrospective studies, predominantly regarding the tibia. Fifteen articles contained cost data and 8 contained utility data, with 1 article containing both. Ten cost articles and 1 utility article contained infection data. 8 cost and all utility articles contained nonunion data. Infection ranged from 1.5 to 8.0 times the cost of an uncomplicated fracture. Nonunion ranged from 2.6 to 4.3 times the cost of an uncomplicated fracture. Utility data were variable and ranged from 0.62 to 0.66 for infection and 0.48–0.85 for nonunion.

Conclusions:
Infection and nonunion after long-bone fractures are associated with large decreases in health-related quality of life and incur substantial costs to both patients and health care systems. The data presented in this review quantify these impacts and may serve useful for future economic analyses. In addition, this study highlights the dearth of high-quality literature on this important topic.