bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors that Might Give Rise to Musculoskeletal Disorders when Mothers Lift Children in the Home
Authors: Vincent Renee , Hocking Clare 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this research was to identify the risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders present when mothers lift normally developing children weighing between 20 and 31 lbs (9–14 kg) in the home.MethodTwenty five mothers aged 28–40 years completed Sanders and Morse's (2005) self‐report survey of pain and high‐risk practices. In addition, the OMLITH, a structured checklist for observing mothers lifting children in the home, was developed. Criteria to rate variables relating to the load (child), environment, person (mother) and task as low, moderate or high risk were developed, on the basis of published manual handling assessments. The mothers were observed performing 87 lifts, and risk factors were rated.ResultsThe majority of participants reported low back pain (64%). They self‐rated bending while carrying a child as most stressful, and various other tasks involving carrying; prolonged bending, squatting or stooping; and lifting a child as physically stressful. At least one risk factor related to the load was recorded in all 87 observations, with moderate to high risk most frequently related to the child's weight (73.6%) or the mother's grip on the child (93.1%). Common environmental factors presenting a moderate to high risk related to space constraints (59.7% of tasks) and equipment (58.6%). Factors related to the mothers' strength and fitness (57.5% of tasks) commonly posed moderate to high risk, as did horizontal reach distances (82.8%), vertical lift distances (78.2%) and reaches above shoulder height or below mid thigh level (88.5%). Trunk rotation greater than 45° or combining rotation and side bending while lifting resulted in a moderate to high risk rating in 72.4% of tasks. The developmental age of the child interacted with weight to increase or decrease the requirement for lifting.ConclusionRisk factors for musculoskeletal disorders are present to a significant degree, and further research in this area is warranted. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A study on the theoretical and practical accuracy of conoscopic holography‐based surface measurements: toward image registration in minimally invasive surgery
Authors: Burgner J. , Simpson A. L. , Fitzpatrick J. M. , Lathrop R. A. , Herrell S. D. , Miga M. I. , Webster R. J. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackgroundRegistered medical images can assist with surgical navigation and enable image‐guided therapy delivery. In soft tissues, surface‐based registration is often used and can be facilitated by laser surface scanning. Tracked conoscopic holography (which provides distance measurements) has been recently proposed as a minimally invasive way to obtain surface scans. Moving this technique from concept to clinical use requires a rigorous accuracy evaluation, which is the purpose of our paper.MethodsWe adapt recent non‐homogeneous and anisotropic point‐based registration results to provide a theoretical framework for predicting the accuracy of tracked distance measurement systems. Experiments are conducted a complex objects of defined geometry, an anthropomorphic kidney phantom and a human cadaver kidney.ResultsExperiments agree with model predictions, producing point RMS errors consistently < 1 mm, surface‐based registration with mean closest point error < 1 mm in the phantom and a RMS target registration error of 0.8 mm in the human cadaver kidney.ConclusionsTracked conoscopic holography is clinically viable; it enables minimally invasive surface scan accuracy comparable to current clinical methods that require open surgery. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robust multiactuator fault‐tolerant MPC design for constrained systems
Authors: Yetendje Alain , Seron Maria M. , De Doná José A. 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYIn this paper, we present a robust actuator fault‐tolerant control strategy for constrained linear systems in the presence of bounded state and input disturbances. The scheme is based on a bank of state estimators that match different fault situations that can occur in the system. A fault detection and isolation unit verifies that suitable residual variables lie inside pre‐computed sets and selects the estimate that matches the current plant behaviour. A bank of robustly stabilizing tube‐based model predictive control laws is designed, each associated to a fault scenario, and the appropriate controller is selected among them by using the information provided by the fault detection and isolation module. By means of ‘tubes’ of trajectories, we ensure robust closed‐loop exponential stability of the constrained system and good performance in the fault‐free case and under the occurrence of abrupt actuator faults, including actuator outage and loss of effectiveness by an unknown amount. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A rotor speed estimation algorithm in variable speed permanent magnet synchronous generator wind energy conversion system
Authors: Thongam Jogendra Singh , Beguenane Rachid , Tarbouchi Mohammed , Okou Aime Francis , Merabet Adel , Fofana Issouf , Bouchard Pierre 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYA rotor speed estimation algorithm in a direct vector controlled permanent magnet synchronous generator wind energy conversion system is proposed. The proposed method is based on a simple equation obtained from the flux model of the machine and contains only stator flux and current. Constant gain recursive least squares estimator is used for implementing the speed estimation algorithm. Rotor position information used for coordinate transformation is computed using the estimated speed. Stator flux information required by the speed estimator is obtained using the stator voltage equation by implementing a programmable low pass filter. The estimated speed is used as the feedback signal for the speed control loop of the vector controlled machine side converter control system whose command speed is obtained from a wind speed sensorless maximum power point tracking controller, thus, we obtain a complete rotor speed and wind speed sensorless permanent magnet synchronous generator wind energy conversion system. Simulation is carried out to validate the performance of the proposed method. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Remarks on the stabilizability of integrator switching systems
Authors: Mendoza‐Torres Angelica , Cervantes Ilse 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYIn this work, a class of switching systems known as integrator is studied. Such systems have the feature of being very simple and allow us to gain insight on the effect that the switching sequence has on system stability. Three problems are analyzed. First, the practical stabilizability problem under system uncertainty is studied. Confinement regions are explicitly computed, and switching sequences based on the nominal behavior of the systems are derived. Second, the practical stabilizability problem using output feedback is solved; in this case, sufficient conditions are proposed. Finally, by joining both results, sufficient conditions for practical stabilizability of uncertain systems under output feedback are given. The results are illustrated with examples and some extensions for uncertain linear system and event‐based switching are given. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stable‐protocol output consensualization for high‐order swarm systems with switching topologies
Authors: Xi Jianxiang , Shi Zongying , Zhong Yisheng 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYStable‐protocol (SP) output consensus analysis and design for high‐order linear time‐invariant swarm systems with switching topologies are dealt with. Firstly, on the basis of observability decomposition, a dynamic output feedback consensus protocol with switching topologies is given. Then, a necessary and sufficient condition for SP output consensus is shown, and an explicit expression of the output consensus function is presented, which is independent of switching topologies. Furthermore, necessary and/or sufficient conditions for SP output consensualization, which are independent of the number of agents, are shown respectively. Finally, a numerical example is shown to demonstrate theoretical results. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Output‐feedback robust adaptive backstepping control for a class of multivariable nonlinear systems with guaranteed tracking performance
Authors: Wang Chenliang , Lin Yan 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYThis paper is devoted to output‐feedback adaptive control for a class of multivariable nonlinear systems with both unknown parameters and unknown nonlinear functions. Under the Hurwitz condition for the high‐frequency gain matrix, a robust adaptive backstepping control scheme is proposed, which is able to guarantee the tracking performance and needs only one parameter to be updated online regardless of the system order and input–output dimension. To cope with the unknown nonlinear functions and improve the tracking performance, a kind of high‐gain K‐filters is introduced. It is proved that all signals of the closed‐loop system are globally uniformly bounded. Simulation results on coupled inverted double pendulums are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Semimetallic Paramagnetic Nano‐Bi2Ir and Superconducting Ferromagnetic Nano‐Bi3Ni by Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis and Room Temperature Pseudomorphosis
Authors: Boldt Regine , Grigas Anett , Heise Martin , Herrmannsdörfer Thomas , Isaeva Anna , Kaskel Stefan , Köhler Daniel , Ruck Michael , Skrotzki Richard , Wosnitza Joachim 
Published: July 2012

Abstract Uniform nanocrystals of the intermetallic compounds Bi2Ir (diameter ≥ 50 nm) and Bi3Ni (typical size 200 × 600 nm) were obtained by a microwave‐assisted polyol process at 240 °C. The method was also applied to the spatially confined reaction environment in the microporous exo‐template SBA‐15 resulting in Bi3Ni particles of about 6 nm. Non‐crystalline bundles of parallel Bi3Ni nanofibres that have an individual diameter of less than 1 nm were obtained by reductive pseudomorphosis of the subiodide Bi12Ni4I3 at room temperature. Magnetic susceptibility measurements demonstrate coexistence of ferromagnetism and superconductivity in a single phase for the nanostructured Bi3Ni materials. Curie temperature, coercive field, remnant magnetization, saturation moment, diamagnetic screening, and critical field vary with particle size. The crystal structure of Bi2Ir was determined by Rietveld refinement of powder X‐ray diffraction data. Bi2Ir crystallizes in the monoclinic arsenopyrite type (space group P21/c), a superstructure of the markasite type, with a = 690.11(1), b = 678.85(1), c = 696.17(1) pm, and β = 116.454(1)°. In contrast to most of the other phases of this type, the Bi2Ir is not a diamagnetic semiconductor but a weakly paramagnetic semimetal. Conductivity measurements down to 4 K and magnetization measurements in a field of μ0H = 10 mT down to 1.8 K give no evidence for a transition into the superconducting state. Bonding analysis shows prevailing contribution of Bi–Bi interactions to the conduction, whereas Bi–Ir bonding is mostly covalent and localized.
Uranyl Halides from Liquid Ammonia: [UO2(NH3)5]Cl2·NH3 and [UO2F2(NH3)3]2·2NH3 and Their Decomposition Products [UO2Cl2(NH3)3] and [UO2F2(NH3)3]
Authors: Woidy Patrick , Karttunen Antti J. , Kraus Florian 
Published: July 2012

AbstractUranyl chloride UO2Cl2 and uranyl fluoride UO2F2 react with dry liquid ammonia under the formation of traffic‐green crystals of pentaammine dioxido uranium(VI) dichloride ammonia (1/1) [UO2(NH3)5]Cl2·NH3 (1) and sulfur‐yellow crystals of triammine difluorido dioxido uranium(VI) ammonia (2/2) [UO2F2(NH3)3]2·2NH3 (2), respectively. Low‐temperature X‐ray structure analyses on single crystals of the two compounds were conducted. Compound 1 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Cmcm with a = 12.7865(2), b = 10.5106(2), c = 8.7089(2) Å, V = 1170.45(4) Å3 at 123 K with Z = 4. Compound 2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pnma with a = 20.8451(5), b = 9.1267(2), c = 8.3371(2) Å, V = 1586(6) Å3 at 123 K with Z = 4. Further investigations on the room‐temperature decomposition products of compounds 1 and 2 by Raman and IR spectroscopy, TGA MS and X‐ray powder diffraction measurements and deuteration studies led to the identification of triammine dichlorido dioxido uranium(VI) UO2Cl2(NH3)3 (3) and triammine difluorido dioxido uranium(VI) UO2F2(NH3)3 (4) in the form of fern‐green and zinc‐yellow powders. Quantum chemical studies at the DFT‐PBE0/TZVP level of theory support the experimental observations andalso show that the O≡U≡O triple bonding in the [UO2F2(NH3)3] molecule of compound 2 is weaker in comparison to the one in the [UO2(NH3)5]2+ dication of compound 1.
Cobalt (II) and Copper (I) Complexes of Rigid Bidentate [N‐(2, 6‐Diisopropyl‐phenyl)imino]acenapthenone Ligand: Synthesis and Structural Studies
Authors: Anga Srinivas , Paul Mitali , Naktode Kishor , Kottalanka Ravi K. , Panda Tarun K. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe cobalt(II) complex [CoCl2(2, 6‐iPrC6H3‐BIAO)]2 (1) of rigid unsymmetrical imine, carbonyl mixed ligand [N‐(2, 6‐diisopropylphenyl)‐imino]acenapthenone] (2, 6‐iPrC6H3‐BIAO) (L1) can be achieved by the reaction of CoCl2 and neutral [N‐(2, 6‐diisopropylphenyl)‐imino]acenapthenone] ligand. When ligand L1 reacted with CuCl in dichloromethane solution, only nitrogen coordinated copper complex [CuCl(2, 6‐iPrC6H3‐BIAO)] (2) was obtained. In the solid‐state structure, compound 1 is dimeric through the chelating two μ2 chlorine atoms and each cobalt atom adopts either a distorted trigonal bipyramidal or a distorted square pyramidal arrangement. In contrast, the molecular structure of compound 2 reveals that copper is coordinated by imino nitrogen and adopts a linear arrangement around the central metal atom. The crystal structure of the rigid bidentate mixed nitrogen and oxygen ligand (2, 6‐iPrC6H3‐BIAO) (L1) is also reported.
Structural Chemistry of Magnesium Acetates
Authors: Scheurell Kerstin , König René , Troyanov Sergey I. , Kemnitz Erhard 
Published: July 2012

AbstractMagnesium acetate solvates, Mg(OAc)2·nL, and their hydrates were prepared by crystallization of Mg(OAc)2·4H2O or Mg(OAc)2 from different solvents (L = MeOH, EtOH, HOAc). Anhydrous Mg(OAc)2 was obtained by thermal dehydration of the tetrahydrate at 150 °C. X‐ray single crystal diffraction mostly with the use of synchrotron radiation allowed the structure determination of Mg(OAc)2(H2O)3(EtOH) (I), Mg(OAc)2(HOAc)2(H2O)2 (II), Mg3(OAc)6(MeOH)6 (III), Mg3(OAc)6(HOAc)2(H2O)2·2HOAc (IV), Mg(OAc)2(HOAc)·1.8(HOAc) (V), Mg(OAc)2·H2O (VI), [Mg3(OAc)6(EtOH)2]·2EtOH (VII), and Mg(OAc)2 (VIII). Structural data were discussed in terms of the number of neutral O‐donor ligands per magnesium atom, coordination environment of magnesium atoms, structural functions of acetate groups, and hydrogen bonding systems.
Composite scalar dark matter
Authors: Frigerio Michele , Pomarol Alex , Riva Francesco , Urbano Alfredo 
Published: July 2012

Abstract

We show that the dark matter (DM) could be a light composite scalar η, emerging from a TeV-scale strongly-coupled sector as a pseudo Nambu-Goldstone boson (pNGB). Such state arises naturally in scenarios where the Higgs is also a composite pNGB, as in O(6)/O(5) models, which are particularly predictive, since the low-energy interactions of η are determined by symmetry considerations. We identify the region of parameters where η has the required DM relic density, satisfying at the same time the constraints from Higgs searches at the LHC, as well as DM direct searches. Compositeness, in addition to justify the lightness of the scalars, can enhance the DM scattering rates and lead to an excellent discovery prospect for the near future. For a Higgs mass m

h
≃ 125 GeV and a pNGB characteristic scale f ≲ 1 TeV, we find that the DM mass is either m

η
≃ 50–70 GeV, with DM annihilations driven by the Higgs resonance, or in the range 100–500 GeV, where the DM derivative interaction with the Higgs becomes dominant. In the former case the invisible Higgs decay to two DM particles could weaken the LHC Higgs signal.
Behavior of Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide, tert‐Octylphenol (9.5 EO) Ethoxylate and Ethanol Mixtures at the Water–Air Interface
Authors: Bielawska Magdalena , Jańczuk Bronisław , Zdziennicka Anna 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe surface tension measurements of aqueous solutions of p‐(1,1,3,3‐tetramethylbutyl)phenoxypoly(9.5)ethylene glycol or tert‐octylphenol ethoxylate (TOP10) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) mixtures with ethanol were carried out in the range of the total concentration of CTAB and TOP10 mixtures from 1 × 10−7 to 1 × 10−2 M and ethanol from 0 to 17.13 M. In the CTAB and TOP10 mixtures, the mole fractions of TOP10 were equal to 0.2; 0.4; 0.6; and 0.8, respectively. The results obtained were compared to those calculated from the Fainerman and Miller equation developed for ideal mixtures of two homologous surfactants, as well as from the Connors equation derived for the concentrated organic solutions. The calculations of the surface tension from the Fainerman and Miller equation were carried out treating the solvent and solute in a few different ways. The differences between the measured and calculated values of the surface tension were discussed in the light of molecular interaction parameter and the composition of the surface layer. The composition of the mixed surface layer at the solution‐air interface was evaluated according to Rosen using the nonideal solution theory with the assumption that water with ethanol is a mixed solvent. Knowing the values of mole fractions of CTAB and TOP10 in the surface layer, the molecular interaction parameter was determined.
Biodiversity of trematodes associated with amphibians from a variety of habitats in Corrientes Province, Argentina
Authors: Hamann M.I. , Kehr A.I. , González C.E. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe main goals of this study were to compare the richness of parasitic trematodes in amphibians with diverse habits (terrestrial, fossorial, semi-aquatic and arboreal), and to evaluate whether the composition of the trematode community is determined by ecological relationships. Specimens were collected between April 2001 and December 2006 from a common area (30 ha) in Corrientes Province, Argentina. Trematodes of amphibians in this area comprised a total of 19 species, and were dominated by common species. Larval trematodes presented highest species richness, with the metacercaria ofBursotrema tetracotyloidesbeing dominant in the majority (7/9, 78%) of the parasite communities. Adults of the trematodeCatadiscus inopinatuswere dominant in the majority (6/9, 67%) of amphibians. The amphibiansLeptodactylus latinasus,Leptodactylus bufoniusandScinax nasicuspresented a high diversity of trematodes, whereasLeptodactylus chaquensishad the lowest diversity even though it presented with the highest species richness. The patterns of similarity among amphibian species showed groups linking with their habitats. Leptodactilid amphibians, with a generalist diet and an active foraging strategy showed highest infection rates with adult trematodes. The mean richness of trematode species related to host's habitat preferences was higher in semi-aquatic amphibians. Results suggest that semi-aquatic amphibians, present in both aquatic and terrestrial environments, present a greater diversity of parasites as they have a higher rate of exposure to a wider range of prey species and, hence, to diverse infective states. The trematode composition is related to the diets and mobility of the host, and habitat.
The Return of the Family? Welfare State Retrenchment and Client Autonomy in Long-Term Care
Authors: GROOTEGOED ELLEN , VAN DIJK DIANA 
Published: July 2012

AbstractEuropean welfare states are cutting back their responsibilities for long-term care, emphasising ‘self-reliance’ and replacing care as an entitlement of citizenship with targeted services. But we do not know how former long-term care recipients cope with retrenchment and if they are able to negotiate support from their family and friends. Through an analysis of 500 telephone interviews and thirty face-to-face interviews with long-term care recipients facing reduced care rights in the Netherlands, we found that disabled and elderly persons resist increased dependence on their personal networks. Most clients who face reduced access to public long-term care do not seek alternative help despite their perceived need for it, and feel trapped between the policy definition of self-reliance and their own ideals of autonomy.
Start Up and Sustainability: Marketisation and the Social Enterprise Investment Fund in England
Authors: HALL KELLY , ALCOCK PETE , MILLAR ROSS 
Published: July 2012

AbstractSince the end of the last century governments in many western welfare regimes have been keen to promote the marketisation of public service delivery. This requires changes in the supply of, and demand for, alternative providers in this market, and in particular for many governments this has included third sector providers. This article examines the attempt by the UK Labour government to promote the supply of social enterprises in the market for health and social care services in England, through the Social Enterprise Investment Fund (SEIF), introduced in 2007. The article reports on research evaluating the effectiveness of the SEIF, employing a ‘theories of change’ approach, drawing on a mix of administrative and survey data, qualitative interviews and case studies. The research found that although the SEIF had significant benefits in supporting the start up and growth of organisations, its contribution to their longer-term sustainability was more mixed as most were dependent on grants as a main source of income and were not in a position to compete for public sector contracts. This suggests that there may be limits to the role that public investment can play in such market making.
On the selection of subaction and measure for a subclass of potentials defined by P. Walters
Authors: BARAVIERA A. T. , LOPES A. O. , MENGUE J. K. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractSuppose $\sigma $ is the shift acting on Bernoulli space $X=\{0,1\}^{\mathbb {N}}$, and consider a fixed function $f:X \to \mathbb {R}$ satisfying the Walters conditions (defined in [P. Walters. A natural space of functions for the Ruelle operator theorem. Ergod. Th. & Dynam. Sys.27 (2007), 1323–1348]). For each real value $t\geq 0$ we consider the Ruelle operator $L_{\mathit {tf}}$. We are interested in the main eigenfunction $h_t$ of $L_{\mathit {tf}}$ and the main eigenmeasure $\nu _t$ for the dual operator $L_{\mathit {tf}}^*$, which we consider normalized in such a way that $h_t(0^\infty )=1$ and $\int h_t \,d\nu _t=1$ for all $t\gt 0$. We denote by $\mu _t= h_t \nu _t$ the Gibbs state for the potential $\mathit {tf}$. By the selection of a subaction $V$, when the temperature goes to zero (or $t\to \infty $), we mean the existence of the limit \[ V:=\lim _{t\to \infty }\frac {1}{t}\log (h_{t}). \] By the selection of a measure $\mu $, when the temperature goes to zero (or $t\to \infty $), we mean the existence of the limit (in the weak* sense) \[\mu :=\lim _{t\to \infty } \mu _t.\] We present a large family of non-trivial examples of $f$ where the selection of a measure exists. These $f$ belong to a sub-class of potentials introduced by Walters. In this case, explicit expressions for the selected $V$can be obtained for a certain large family of parameters.