bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gecko‐Inspired Dry Adhesive for Robotic Applications
Authors: Yu Jing , Chary Sathya , Das Saurabh , Tamelier John , Pesika Noshir S. , Turner Kimberly L. , Israelachvili Jacob N. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractMost geckos can rapidly attach and detach from almost any kind of surface. This ability is attributed to the hierarchical structure of their feet (involving toe pads, setal arrays, and spatulae), and how they are moved (articulated) to generate strong adhesion and friction forces on gripping that rapidly relax on releasing. Inspired by the gecko's bioadhesive system, various structured surfaces have been fabricated suitable for robotic applications. In this study, x–y–z asymmetric, micrometer‐sized rectangular flaps composed of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) were fabricated using massively parallel micro‐electromechanical systems (MEMS) techniques with the intention of creating directionally responsive, high‐to‐low frictional‐adhesion toe pads exhibiting properties similar to those found in geckos. Using a surface forces apparatus (SFA), the friction and adhesion forces of both vertical (symmetric) and angled/tilted (x–y–z asymmetric) microflaps under various loading, unloading and shearing conditIons were investigated. It was found that the anisotropic structure of tilted microflaps gives very different adhesion and tribological forces when articulated along different x–y–z directions: high friction and adhesion forces when articulated in the y–z plane along the tilt (+y) direction, which is also the direction of motion, and weak friction and adhesion forces when articulated against the tilt (–y) direction. These results demonstrate that asymmetric angled structures, as occur in geckos, are required to enable the gecko to optimize the requirements of high friction and adhesion on gripping, and low frictional‐adhesion on releasing. These properties are intimately coupled to a (also optimum) articulation mechanism. We discuss how both of these features can be simultaneously optimized in the design of robotic systems that can mimic the gecko adhesive system.
Peer coaching and mentoring: A new model of educational intervention for safe patient handling in health care
Authors: Alamgir Hasanat , Drebit Sharla , Li Helen Guiyun , Kidd Catherine , Tam Helen , Fast Catherine 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackgroundTo reduce the risk of patient handling‐related musculoskeletal injury, overhead ceiling lifts have been installed in health care facilities. To increase ceiling lift usage for a variety of patient handling tasks, a peer coaching and mentoring program was implemented among the direct care staff in the long‐term care subsector in British Columbia, Canada. They received a 4‐day training program on body mechanics, ergonomics, patient‐handling techniques, ceiling lift usage, in addition to coaching skills.MethodsA questionnaire was administered among staff before and after the intervention to evaluate the program's effectiveness.ResultsThere were 403 and 200 respondents to the pre‐intervention and post‐intervention questionnaires. In general, staff perceived the peer‐coaching program to be effective. The number of staff who reported to be using ceiling lifts “often and always” went higher from 64.5% to 80.5% (<0.001) after coaching program implementation. Furthermore, staff reported that they were using the ceiling lifts for more types of tasks post‐intervention. Staff reported that the peer coaching program has increased their safety awareness at work and confidence in using the ceiling lifts.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that this educational model can increase the uptake of mechanical interventions for occupational health and safety initiatives. It appears that the training led to a greater awareness of the availability of or increased perceptions of the number of ceiling lifts, presumably through coaches advocating their use. Am. J. Ind. Med. 54:609–617, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A comparative homocoupling reaction of aryl halides using monomeric orthopalladated complex of 4‐methoxybenzoylmethylenetri‐ phenylphosphorane under conventional and microwave irradiation conditions
Authors: Hajipour Abdol R. , Karami Kazem , Tavakoli Ghazal 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe activity of [Pd(C6H4CH2NH2‐κ2‐C‐N)PPh3MOBPPY]OTf complex, A (MOBPPY = 4‐methoxybenzoylmethylenetriphenylphosphoraneylide) was investigated in the homocoupling reaction of a vast range of aryl halides under both conventional and microwave irradiation conditions and their results were compared. The complex was active and showed high efficiency in the formation of new C‐C bonds. The yields were excellent using a catalytic amount of [Pd(C6H4CH2NH2‐κ2‐C‐N)PPh3MOBPPY]OTf complex in N, N‐dimethylformamide at 120 °C. In comparison to conventional heating conditions, the reactions under microwave irradiation gave higher yields in shorter reaction times. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Site‐selective X‐ray absorption spectroscopy of cobalt nanoparticles
Authors: Kühn Timna‐Josua , Caliebe Wolfgang , Matoussevitch Nina , Bönnemann Helmut , Hormes Josef 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAn extensive study of fluorescence‐detected X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy, with the purpose of realizing site‐selectivity, applied to smoothly oxidized cobalt nanoparticles is presented. For this, resonant inelastic X‐ray scattering (RIXS) planes of the nanoparticles were recorded using high‐resolution detection of Kβ emission. The Kβ line represents a superposition of emission lines that correspond to different homovalent compounds inherent in the nanoparticle and that are energetically different. Therefore Co K‐edge XANES spectra, extracted from distinct emission energies of the RIXS planes, show partial valence‐selectivity, which by assuming a simple core–shell model for our nanoparticle, turns over to partial site‐selectivity. The pure site‐specific XANES spectra, for the core and shell respectively, have been obtained by means of a numerical procedure. The influences of the lifetime broadening related to site‐selectivity and XANES were considered and have been accounted for in the final solutions. A metallic Co core exhibiting the crystallographic β‐manganese and hexagonal‐close‐packed phases as well as a Co‐O/C shell of valence 2 showing a wurtzite‐type contribution to the standard rocksalt structure are recognized as the final site‐specific candidates for our system. The separate determination of the physical properties of atoms on different sites in nanoparticles provides for the first time some information about the interaction between the nanoparticle and the corresponding coating that determines at least partly the properties of the particle. This offers new opportunities for tailoring the properties of nanoparticles using suitable surfactants or coatings. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stereocomplex‐induced gelation properties of polylactide/poly(ethylene glycol) diblock and triblock copolymers
Authors: Nouailhas Helene , El Ghzaoui Abdeslam , Li Suming , Coudane Jean 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe ring‐opening polymerization of L‐ or D‐lactide was realized in the presence of dihydroxyl or monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) with a number‐average molecular weight of 2000. The resulting low‐molar‐mass poly(L‐lactide) (PLLA)/PEG and poly(D‐lactide) (PDLA)/PEG triblock and diblock copolymers were characterized with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), differential scanning calorimetry, size‐exclusion chromatography, and X‐ray diffractometric analysis. Bioresorbable hydrogels were successfully prepared from aqueous solutions containing both copolymers because of interactions and stereocomplexation between the PLLA and PDLA blocks. Gelation was evaluated with the tube inverting method and rheological measurements. A phase diagram was realized with gel–sol transitions as a function of concentration. The rheological properties of the hydrogels were investigated under various conditions through changes in the copolymer concentration, temperature, time, and frequency. It was concluded that the hydrogels constituted a dynamic and evolutive system because of the continuous formation/destruction of crosslinks and degradation. Further studies are underway to elucidate the degradation behavior and the potential of these substances as drug carriers or cell culture scaffolds. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Synthesis, characterization, and heavy metal ion adsorption studies of polyamides, polythioamides having pendent chlorobenzylidine rings
Authors: Ravikumar L. , Kalaivani S. S. , Murugesan A. , Vidhyadevi T. , Karthik G. , Kirupha S. Dinesh , Sivanesan S. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAromatic polyamides and polythioamides with pendent chlorobenzylidine rings were synthesized through direct polycondenzation of 2‐(p‐chlorobenzalimino) terephthalic acid with the diamines 4,4′‐oxidianiline (1a), 4,4′‐methylenediamide (1b), 4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl sulfone (1c), and thioamines 4,4′‐(bisthiourea) diphenyl ether (3a), 4,4′‐(bisthiourea) diphenyl methane (3b), 4,4′‐(bisthiourea) diphenyl sulfone (3c), respectively, in DMF using P(OPh)3/pyridine. The polymers were precipitated using water as nonsolvent. FTIR and 1H‐NMR spectroscopic analysis was used to characterize the monomers and polymers. Representative polyamides and polythioamides were used for the removal of heavy metal ions such as Pb(II), Cd(II), Cu(II), and Cr(III) from aqueous solutions. The effects of pH, contact time, and initial concentration on the uptake of metal ions have been investigated. The adsorption capacities under competitive conditions were in the order Pb (II) > Cu (II) > Cr (III) > Cd (II). The adsorbed ions were eluted by treatment with 2N HCl, and the activities of the polymers are retained after fourth regeneration. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Fluorophore‐labeled, Peptide‐based Glycoclusters: Synthesis, Binding Properties for Lectins, and Detection of Carbohydrate‐Binding Proteins in Cells
Authors: Tian Xizhe , Pai Jaeyoung , Baek Kyung‐Hwa , Ko Sung‐Kyun , Shin Injae 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA facile and efficient solid‐phase synthesis of linear peptide‐based glycoclusters with various valences and different spatial arrangements of the sugar ligands is described. The synthetic strategy includes 1) solid‐phase synthesis of fluorophore‐labeled, alkyne‐containing peptides, 2) coupling of azide‐linked, unprotected mono‐, di‐, and trisaccharides to the alkyne‐conjugated peptides on a solid support by click chemistry, and 3) release of the fluorophore‐labeled glycoclusters from the solid support. By using this methodology, 32 fluorescent glycoclusters with a valence ranging from 1 to 4 and different spatial arrangements of the sugar ligands were prepared. Lectin‐binding properties of the glycoclusters were initially examined by using microarrays immobilized by various lectins. These glycoclusters were then employed to detect the cell‐surface carbohydrate‐binding proteins in bacteria. Finally, the uptake of glycoclusters by mammalian cells through receptor‐mediated endocytosis was evaluated. The results, obtained from the in vitro and in vivo studies, indicate that the binding affinities toward immobilized and cell‐surface proteins are highly dependent on the valence and spatial arrangements of the sugar ligands in glycoclusters.
The low cost of recombination in creating novel phenotypes
Authors: Wagner Andreas 
Published: June 2011

AbstractRecombination is often considered a disruptive force for well‐adapted phenotypes, but recent evidence suggests that this cost of recombination can be small. A key benefit of recombination is that it can help create proteins and regulatory circuits with novel and useful phenotypes more efficiently than point mutation. Its effectiveness stems from the large‐scale reorganization of genotypes that it causes, which can help explore far‐flung regions in genotype space. Recent work on complex phenotypes in model gene regulatory circuits and proteins shows that the disruptive effects of recombination can be very mild compared to the effects of mutation. Recombination thus can have great benefits at a modest cost, but we do not understand the reasons well. A better understanding might shed light on the evolution of recombination and help improve evolutionary strategies in biochemical engineering.
C5‐DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitors: From Screening to Effects on Zebrafish Embryo Development
Authors: Ceccaldi Alexandre , Rajavelu Arumugam , Champion Christine , Rampon Christine , Jurkowska Renata , Jankevicius Gytis , Sénamaud‐Beaufort Catherine , Ponger Loïc , Gagey Nathalie , Dali Ali Hana , Tost Jörg , Vriz Sophie , Ros Sindu , Dauzonne Daniel , Jeltsch Albert , Guianvarc'h Dominique , Arimondo Paola B. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractDNA methylation is involved in the regulation of gene expression and plays an important role in normal developmental processes and diseases, such as cancer. DNA methyltransferases are the enzymes responsible for DNA methylation on the position 5 of cytidine in a CpG context. In order to identify and characterize novel inhibitors of these enzymes, we developed a fluorescence‐based throughput screening by using a short DNA duplex immobilized on 96‐well plates. We have screened 114 flavones and flavanones for the inhibition of the murine catalytic Dnmt3a/3L complex and found 36 hits with IC50 values in the lower micromolar and high nanomolar ranges. The assay, together with inhibition tests on two other methyltransferases, structure–activity relationships and docking studies, gave insights on the mechanism of inhibition. Finally, two derivatives effected zebrafish embryo development, and induced a global demethylation of the genome, at doses lower than the control drug, 5‐azacytidine.
Hydrodynamic properties for N,N,N′,N′‐tetraalkyl diglycolamides dissolved in n‐dodecane system
Authors: Kanekar A. S. , Ansari S. A. , Gujar R. B. , Prabhu D. R. , Pathak P. N. , Mohapatra P. K. , Manchanda V. K. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractN,N,N′,N′‐tetraoctyl diglycolamide (TODGA) and N,N,N′,N′‐tetra(2‐ethylhexyl) diglycolamide (T2EHDGA) have been identified as promising extractants for actinide partitioning from high‐level nuclear waste. These extractants are proposed to be used along with suitable phase modifiers, viz. N,N‐dihexyl octanamide (DHOA), tri‐n‐butyl phosphate (TBP) and 2‐decanol dissolved in n‐dodecane. Hydrodynamic parameters, viz. density, viscosity and interfacial tension (IFT) are important for optimisation of hydrometallurgical process to ensure that there is no emulsion formation and to achieve desired phase disengagement rate. Densities and viscosities of the two extractants, viz. TODGA and T2EHDGA along with different phase modifiers have been measured over different range of compositions and temperatures (298–333 K). The viscosity data have been used to calculate the activation energy for viscous flow for each composition of solvents. The IFT values have also been measured for different solvent compositions. The viscosity and IFT data of TODGA and T2EHDGA with 2‐decanol as phase modifier appears suitable under hydrometallurgical conditions proposed for actinide partitioning. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Frequency domain tuning approach for adaptive feedforward control using lead–lag compensators
Authors: Siddha Ramarao , Gilbert A. F. , Natarajan K. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe tuning of lead–lag compensators to be used as feedforward controllers for measured disturbances is performed in the frequency domain. The identification of process Gu and disturbance dynamics Gd uses extended recursive least squares, and the frequency responses are calculated from the least squares coefficients. A lead–lag compensator Gll is designed which minimises the function $G_{{\rm ll}} (j\omega ) + (G_{{\rm d}} (j\omega ))/(G_{{\rm u}} (j\omega ))$ over a finite number of frequencies, using the Nelder–Mead simplex method. The effectiveness of the frequency domain tuning strategy is compared by simulation to established tuning rules for first‐order plus delay processes. The tuning method is experimentally verified on a pilot scale methanol–water distillation column. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Experimental, modelling and optimisation of asphaltene deposition and adsorption in porous media
Authors: Kariznovi Mohammad , Nourozieh Hossein , Abedi Jalal , Jamialahmadi Mohammad , Shahrabadi Abbas 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe deposition of asphaltene is considered to be one of the most difficult problems during oil production. Asphaltene deposition in the reservoir is a complex problem; and, due to the depth of reservoirs, it is impossible to do field experiments. Thus, to study the effects of asphaltene deposition, it is essential to rely on different models that are developed for asphaltene adsorption and deposition on the basis of the laboratory experimental results. In this manuscript, the focus is on the adsorption and deposition of asphaltene in porous media. A new model for asphaltene adsorption and deposition in porous media and a corresponding numerical method are developed using an implicit scheme. A procedure for estimating the asphaltene deposition and adsorption parameters is described, and a new optimisation method is introduced. This method applies the genetic algorithm to investigate an initial set of parameters as an input for the direct search optimisation method. The direct search estimates the asphaltene deposition and adsorption parameters, which results in an acceptable match with the experimental data. To validate the model, both the available experimental data in the literature and data from this study are examined with the developed model; and, reasonable results are obtained. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
The Coexistence of Multiple Cardiovascular Diseases is an Independent Predictor of the 30‐Day Mortality of Hospitalized Patients With Congestive Heart Failure: A Study in Beijing
Authors: Yin Qiaoxiang , Zhao Yusheng , Li Jiayue , Xue Qiao , Wu Xingli , Gao Lei , He Ping , Zhu Mei , Wang Shiwen 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackground:Congestive heart failure (CHF) has become a major clinical and public health challenge with the aging of the population in China. However, the effect of the coexistence of multiple cardiovascular diseases on the prognosis of hospitalized patients with CHF remains unclear. A comparative analysis was performed to explore the etiology and comorbidities of CHF and in‐hospital mortality in patients with CHF.Hypothesis:The coexistence of multiple cardiovascular diseases is an independent predictor of the 30‐day mortality of hospitalized patients with CHF.Methods:All 6949 patients (4344 males, 2605 females) in the database with a principal ICD‐9‐CM discharge diagnosis of CHF were identified and divided into 5 groups according to the number of comorbidities. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to examine the association between the number of comorbidities and in‐hospital mortality in patients with CHF.Results:A single comorbidity was predominant in younger patients (18–39 years, P<0.001), whereas multiple comorbidities were predominant in the elderly (≥80 years, P<0.001). The most common single etiology was valvular heart disease, and the most common triple etiology was hypertension and diabetes mellitus complicated by coronary artery disease. Cox regression analysis showed a higher hospital mortality rate associated with an increased number of comorbidities (hazard ratio [HR] from 1.22 [95% CI: 0.89–1.68] to HR 3.49 [95% CI: 2.55–4.78], P<0.001).Conclusions:This study demonstrates the coexistence of multiple cardiovascular diseases is an independent predictor of the 30‐day mortality of hospitalized patients with CHF. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The authors have no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Rosai–Dorfman disease: A case report with extranodal thyroid involvement
Authors: Chhabra Sonia , Agarwal Ruchi , Garg Shilpa , Singh Harpreet , Singh Sunita 
Published: May 2011

AbstractRosai–Dorfman Disease (RDD) or Sinus Histiocytosis with Massive Lymphadenopathy (SHML) is a rare disorder typically manifesting as enlarged lymph nodes with or without systemic involvement. These cases are often clinically misdiagnosed as lymphoma. Recognising this entity to distinguish it from lymphoma and other causes of histiocytosis is important because of different treatment modalities for these disorders. Extranodal involvement is also common, often with a particular predilection for the head and neck region. We report a rare case of Rosai–Dorfman Disease with both nodal and extranodal involvement in a 33‐year‐old woman. The patient had bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy and diffuse thyroid enlargement. Thyroid gland involvement in RDD diagnosed on fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has rarely been reported in literature. FNAC is a useful and reliable tool for the diagnosis of RDD and the biopsy can be avoided in these patients, thus reducing inconvenience to patients. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2011; © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Production of offspring from cloned transgenic RFP female dogs and stable generational transmission of the RFP gene
Authors: Hong So Gun , Oh Hyun Ju , Park Jung Eun , Kim Min Jung , Kim Geon A , Park Eun Jung , Koo Ok Jae , Kang Sung Keun , Jang Goo , Lee Byeong Chun 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to analyze the reproductive ability of transgenic female dogs born bysomatic cell nuclear transfer and to determine inheritance of the red fluorescent protein (RFP) transgene. The four founder transgenic bitches (F0) reached puberty at 340.8 ± 39.6 days after birth and were bred with wild‐type male dogs by natural mating or by artificial insemination. The bitches all became pregnant and successfully delivered 13 puppies (F1), of which two females were bred with wild‐type dogs to deliver 7 offspring (F2), including 1 stillbirth. Among the 19 live offspring, 10 puppies showed emission of RFP under UV light and the presence of the RFP transgene was confirmed by genomic PCR and Southern blot analyses. In conclusion, transgenic RFP female dogs exhibited normal reproductive ability and expression of the transgene was demonstrated in F1 and F2 generations. genesis 49:835–840, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Periodicals, Inc.
The earliest intrathymic precursors of CD8α+ thymic dendritic cells correspond to myeloid‐type double‐negative 1c cells
Authors: Luche Hervé , Ardouin Laurence , Teo Pearline , See Peter , Henri Sandrine , Merad Miriam , Ginhoux Florent , Malissen Bernard 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe dendritic cells (DCs) present in lymphoid and non‐lymphoid organs are generated from progenitors with myeloid‐restricted potential. However, in the thymus a major subset of DCs expressing CD8α and langerin (CD207) appears to stand apart from all other DCs in that it is thought to derive from progenitors with lymphoid potential. Using mice expressing a fluorescent reporter and a diphtheria toxin receptor under the control of the cd207 gene, we demonstrated that CD207+CD8α+ thymic DCs do not share a common origin with T cells but originate from intrathymic precursors that express markers that are normally present on all (CD11c+ and MHCII molecules) or on some (CD207, CD135, CD8α, CX3CR1) DC subsets. Those intrathymic myeloid‐type precursors correspond to CD44+CD25– double‐negative 1c (DN1c) cells and are continuously renewed from bone marrow‐derived canonical DC precursors. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the earliest intrathymic precursors of CD8α+ thymic DCs correspond to myeloid‐type DN1c cells and support the view that under physiological conditions myeloid‐restricted progenitors generate the whole constellation of DCs present in the body including the thymus.