bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxidative coupling of various aromatic phenols and anilines in water using a laccase from Trametes villosa and insights into the ‘PEG effect’
Authors: Steevensz Aaron , Al‐Ansari Mohammad Mousa , Taylor Keith E. , Bewtra Jatinder K. , Biswas Nihar 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Studies with peroxidases (EC 1.11.1.7) have demonstrated extended lifetimes for conversion of phenolics into insoluble polymers in the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG). Yet the mechanism of this ‘PEG effect’ has eluded investigators. The effectiveness of a laccase (EC 1.10.3.2) with PEGs of various average molar masses on the conversion of phenol, o‐, m‐, p‐cresols, aniline, o‐, m‐, and p‐toluidines was investigated. This structure‐activity comparison, with and without the additive, could provide further insight into the ‘PEG effect’.RESULTS: The ‘PEG effect’ was observed only with the cresols and only with PEGs of average molar mass ≥ 1450. Other additives capable of H‐bonding, such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, had similar results. When a ‘PEG effect’ was observed there was a linear relationship between the amount of additive used and the amount incorporated into the precipitate, suggesting a strong interaction between products and PEG, which was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Optimum pH was not affected by the quantity or molar mass of the PEG added.CONCLUSION: PEG only enhances the laccase‐catalyzed oxidative coupling of certain substrates implying a product‐additive relationship that may be related to the functionality and substituent positioning of the substrate. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Defence against oxidative stress in two species of land snails (Helix pomatia and Helix aspersa) subjected to estivation
Authors: Nowakowska Anna , Caputa Michał , Rogalska Justyna 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDuring summer, land snails are exposed to estivation/arousal cycles that imposes oxidative stress, but they exhibit different patterns of antioxidant defence. To test the ability of two related species, Helix pomatia and Helix aspersa, to modulate their antioxidant defence mechanism during estivation/arousal cycles, we examined activities of catalase and glutathione‐related enzymes and concentrations of glutathione and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS; as products of lipid peroxidation). In both species, estivation evoked changes in activity of total and selenium‐dependent glutathione peroxidase (GPx), but did not affect activity of catalase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione transferase, and had no effect on concentration of glutathione. Activity of catalase in estivating snails, instead of the expected increase, showed a tendency to diminish. Extremely low activities of catalase in the foot were usually associated with extremely high activities of both forms of GPx. In conclusion, maintenance of relatively high activities of the antioxidant enzymes and accumulation of glutathione, resulting in a low and stable concentration of TBARS, plays an important role in scavenging oxygen free radicals from the organism of both species. J. Exp. Zool. 315:593–601, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
“Psychoanalysis is good, synthesis is better”: The German reception of Freud, 1930 and 1956
Authors: Kauders Anthony D. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractFrankfurt's decision to award Freud the Goethe Prize in 1930 as well as the same city's decision to celebrate Freud's 100th birthday in 1956 will allow us to trace specific traditions in the German encounter with psychoanalysis. The diachronic approach will show that certain traditions survived well into the late 1950s, at a time when West Germany's intellectual landscape was otherwise changing on several fronts. Psychoanalysis remained anathema because it did not conform with the idealism and holism prevalent in the academic community. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Health insurance and length of stay for children hospitalized with community‐acquired pneumonia
Authors: Pati Susmita , Lorch Scott A. , Lee Grace E. , Sheffler‐Collins Seth , Shah Samir S. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Disparities in patterns of care and outcomes for ambulatory‐care sensitive childhood conditions such as community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) persist. However, the influence of insurance status on length of stay (LOS) for children hospitalized with CAP remains unexplored.METHODS:Secondary analysis of children (<18 years) hospitalized with CAP sampled in the Kids' Inpatient Database (KID) for years 1997, 2000, 2003, and 2006. Insurance status (private, public, uninsured) was based on claims data. Hospital LOS was calculated in days. Taking into account the complex sampling design, negative binomial regression models produced adjusted estimates of incidence rate ratios (IRR) for hospital LOS for children by insurance status.RESULTS:There was little variation in the categories of insurance status of children hospitalized with CAP between 1997 and 2006, with at least 40% privately insured, at least 40% publicly insured, and at least 5% uninsured in each sampled year. In all years, publicly insured children had a significantly longer hospital stay than privately insured children, and uninsured children had a significantly shorter hospital stay than privately insured children. These observed differences persisted after multivariate adjustment.CONCLUSIONS:Differences in LOS between uninsured, publicly insured, and privately insured children with CAP raise concerns about potential differences in hospital discharge practices related to insurance status and type. As healthcare reform is implemented, policy makers should strengthen efforts to reduce these disparities in order to achieve health for the population. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2012. © 2011 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Three‐dimensional late gadolinium enhancement imaging of the left atrium with a hybrid radial acquisition and compressed sensing
Authors: Adluru Ganesh , Chen Liyong , Kim Seong‐Eun , Burgon Nathan , Kholmovski Eugene G. , Marrouche Nassir F. , DiBella Edward V.R. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPurpose:To develop and test a hybrid radial (stack of stars) acquisition and compressed sensing reconstruction for efficient late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging of the left atrium.Materials and Methods:Two hybrid radial acquisition schemes, kx‐ky‐first and kz‐first, are tested using the signal equation for an inversion recovery sequence with simulated data. Undersampled data reconstructions are then performed using a compressed sensing approach with a three‐dimensional total variation constraint. The data acquisition and reconstruction framework is tested on five atrial fibrillation patients after treatment by radio‐frequency ablation. The hybrid radial data are acquired with free breathing without respiratory navigation.Results:The kz‐first radial acquisition gave improved image quality as compared to a kx‐ky‐first scheme. Compressed sensing reconstructions improved the overall quality of undersampled radial LGE images. An image quality metric that takes into account the signal, noise, artifact, and blur for the radial images was 35% (±17%) higher than the corresponding Cartesian acquisitions. Total acquisition time for 36 slices with 1.25 × 1.25 × 2.5 mm3 resolution was under 3 min for the proposed scheme.Conclusion:Hybrid radial LGE imaging of the LA with compressed sensing is a promising approach for obtaining images efficiently and offers more robust image quality than Cartesian acquisitions that were acquired without a respiratory navigator signal. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Investigation of lipid composition of dissected sentinel lymph nodes of breast cancer patients by 7T proton MR spectroscopy
Authors: Korteweg Mies A. , Veldhuis Wouter B. , Mali Willem P.Th.M. , Diepstraten Suzanne C.E. , Luijten Peter R. , van den Bosch Maurice A.A.J. , Eijkemans René M.J.C. , van Diest Paul J. , Klomp Dennis W.J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPurpose:To determine lipid composition of excised healthy and metastatic sentinel lymph nodes of breast cancer patients, as lipids are a potential discriminatory marker for malignancy.Materials and Methods:Ten breast cancer patients undergoing surgical nodal staging were included. 1H‐magnetic resonance spectroscopic images (MRSI) were acquired without water and lipid suppression (resolution 3.0 × 3.0 × 5.0 mm3). MRSI was compared to histopathology. Six groups of lipid resonances (5.4–5.2, 4.3–4.1, 2.8, 2.3–2.0, 1.6–1.3, 0.9 ppm) were identified. The intensity ratios of the total of these resonances to this total including the water resonance and of each lipid resonance to the total of all lipid resonances were determined. For statistical analysis, a mixed model was applied after logistic transformation. The results were expressed as ratios of the median values of these lipid compositions in metastatic to benign nodes.Results:In all, 6/32 (19%) of the excised nodes contained metastases. The ratios of the lipid resonances 5.4–5.2, 4.3–4.1, 2.8, 2.3–2.0, 1.6–1.3, 0.9 ppm between metastatic vs. benign were 0.3, 1.2, 0.2, 0.2, 1.2, and 0.9, respectively. Only the ratios of signals from unsaturated fatty acids to the total lipid signal differed significantly.Conclusion:Metastatic axillary lymph nodes contained fewer unsaturated fatty acids than benign nodes. 7T 1H‐MRS may be useful for detecting axillary breast cancer metastases. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;387‐392. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Liver X receptors regulate cholesterol homeostasis in oligodendrocytes
Authors: Nelissen Katherine , Mulder Monique , Smets Ilse , Timmermans Silke , Smeets Karen , Ameloot Marcel , Hendriks Jerome J.A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractCholesterol synthesis and transport in oligodendrocytes are essential for optimal myelination and remyelination in pathological conditions such as multiple sclerosis. However, little is known about cholesterol homeostasis in the myelin‐forming oligodendrocytes. Liver X receptors (LXRs) are nuclear oxysterol receptors that regulate genes involved in cholesterol homeostasis and may therefore play an important role in de‐ and remyelination. We investigated whether LXRs regulate cholesterol homeostasis in oligodendrocytes. mRNA expression of genes encoding LXR‐α and LXR‐β and their target genes (ABCA1, ABCG1, ABCG4, apoE, and LDLR) was detected in oligodendrocytes derived from both neonatal and adult rats using quantitative real‐time PCR. The expression of LXR‐β and several target genes was increased during oligodendrocyte differentiation. We further demonstrated that treatment of primary neonatal rat oligodendrocytes with the synthetic LXR agonist T0901317 induced the expression of several established LXR target genes, including ABCA1, ABCG1, apoE, and LDLR. Treatment of oligodendrocytes with T0901317 resulted in an enhanced cholesterol efflux in the presence of apolipoprotein A‐I or high‐density lipoprotein particles. These data show that LXRs are involved in regulating cholesterol homeostasis in oligodendrocytes. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Global phosphorus scarcity: identifying synergies for a sustainable future
Authors: Neset Tina‐Simone S , Cordell Dana 
Published: October 2011

AbstractGlobal food production is dependent on constant inputs of phosphorus. In the current system this phosphorus is not predominantly derived from organic recycled waste, but to a large degree from phosphate‐rock based mineral fertilisers. However, phosphate rock is a finite resource that cannot be manufactured. Our dependency therefore needs to be addressed from a sustainability perspective in order to ensure global food supplies for a growing global population. The situation is made more urgent by predictions that, for example, the consumption of resource intensive foods and the demand for biomass energy will increase. The scientific and societal debate has so far been focussed on the exact timing of peak phosphorus and on when the total depletion of the global reserves will occur. Even though the timing of these events is important, all dimensions of phosphorus scarcity need to be addressed in a manner which acknowledges linkages to other sustainable development challenges and which takes into consideration the synergies between different sustainability measures. Many sustainable phosphorus measures have positive impacts on other challenges; for example, shifting global diets to more plant‐based foods would not only reduce global phosphorus consumption, but also reduce greenhouse gas emissions, reduce nitrogen fertiliser demand and reduce water consumption. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparison of beer quality attributes between beers brewed with 100% barley malt and 100% barley raw material
Authors: Steiner Elisabeth , Auer Andrea , Becker Thomas , Gastl Martina 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Brewing with 100% barley using the Ondea® Pro exogenous brewing enzyme product was compared to brewing with 100% barley. The use of barley, rather than malt, in the brewing process and the consequences for selected beer quality attributes (foam formation, colloidal stability and filterability, sensory differences, protein content and composition) was considered.RESULTS: The quality attributes of barley, malt, kettle‐full‐wort, cold wort, unfiltered beer and filtered beer were assessed. A particular focus was given to monitoring changes in the barley protein composition during the brewing process and how the exogenous OndeaPro® enzymes influenced wort protein composition. All analyses were based on standard brewing methods described in ASBC, EBC or MEBAK. To monitor the protein changes two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used.CONCLUSION: It was shown that by brewing beer with 100% barley and an appropriate addition of exogenous Ondea® Pro enzymes it was possible to efficiently brew beer of a satisfactory quality. The production of beers brewed with 100% barley resulted in good process efficiency (lautering and filtration) and to a final product whose sensory quality was described as light, with little body and mouthfeel, very good foam stability and similar organoleptic qualities compared to conventional malt beer. In spite of the sensory evaluation differences could still be seen in protein content and composition. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of a dietary supplement containing glucosamine hydrochloride, chondroitin sulfate and quercetin glycosides on symptomatic knee osteoarthritis: a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Kanzaki Noriyuki , Saito Kayo , Maeda Akifumi , Kitagawa Yoshinori , Kiso Yoshinobu , Watanabe Keita , Tomonaga Akihito , Nagaoka Isao , Yamaguchi Hideyo 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Oral glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate, alone and in combination, have been used worldwide for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA), but their efficacy is controversial. This clinical study was aimed at investigating the potential of a dietary supplement containing glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate in combination with derivatives of quercetin, a naturally occurring flavonoid, (GCQ supplement) for knee OA care.RESULTS: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study was conducted in 40 Japanese subjects with symptomatic knee OA. Subjects were randomly assigned to GCQ supplement (1200 mg glucosamine hydrochloride, 60 mg chondroitin sulfate and 45 mg quercetin glycosides per day) or placebo and the treatment and follow‐up were continued for 16 weeks. The results of symptomatic efficacy assessment based on Japanese Orthopaedic Association criteria showed that scores for two of the four symptom/function subscales, as well as the aggregate scores, were significantly improved at week 16 or earlier in the GCQ group compared to the placebo group. Moreover, analyses of cartilage metabolism biomarkers showed a trend of improvement in type II collagen synthesis/degradation balance in the GCQ group during follow‐up.CONCLUSION: GCQ supplement was thought to be more effective than placebo in decreasing the intensity of knee OA‐associated clinical symptoms. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Storage effects on anthocyanins, phenolics and antioxidant activity of thermally processed conventional and organic blueberries
Authors: Syamaladevi Roopesh M , Andrews Preston K , Davies Neal M , Walters Thomas , Sablani Shyam S 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Consumer demand for products rich in phytochemicals is increasing as a result of greater awareness of their potential health benefits. However, processed products are stored for long‐term and the phytochemicals are susceptible to degradation during storage. The objective of this study was to assess the storage effects on phytochemicals in thermally processed blueberries. Thermally processed canned berries and juice/puree were analysed for phytochemicals during their long‐term storage.RESULTS: The phytochemical retention of thermally processed blueberries during storage was not influenced by production system (conventional versus organic). During 13 months of storage, total anthocyanins, total phenolics and total antioxidant activity in canned blueberry solids decreased by up to 86, 69 and 52% respectively. In canned blueberry syrup, total anthocyanins and total antioxidant activity decreased by up to 68 and 15% respectively, while total phenolic content increased by up to 117%. Similar trends in phytochemical content were observed in juice/puree stored for 4 months. The extent of changes in phytochemicals of thermally processed blueberries during storage was significantly influenced by blanching.CONCLUSION: Long‐term storage of thermally processed blueberries had varying degrees of influence on degradation of total anthocyanins, total phenolics and total antioxidant activity. Blanching before thermal processing helped to preserve the phytochemicals during storage of blueberries. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Mutation of alpha‐tubulin genes in trifluralin‐resistant water foxtail (Alopecurus aequalis)
Authors: Hashim Saima , Jan Asad , Sunohara Yukari , Hachinohe Mayumi , Ohdan Hideki , Matsumoto Hiroshi 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Trifluralin‐resistant biotypes of water foxtail (Alopecurus aequalis) have been identified in wheat fields from northern Kyushu, Japan. Water foxtail is a winter‐annual grassy weed, causing substantial crop losses. This study reports on mutation in α‐tubulin (TUA) genes from water foxtail, the site of action of trifluralin.RESULTS: Two trifluralin‐sensitive (S) Chikugo and Ukiha biotypes and four trifluralin‐resistant (R) Asakura‐1, Asakura‐2, Tamana and Tosu biotypes of water foxtail were used for herbicide resistance analysis. R biotypes showed 5.7–30.7‐fold trifluralin resistance compared with the S biotypes. No differences in the uptake and translocation of 14C‐trifluralin were observed between Chikugo (S) biotype and Asakura‐1 (R) biotype. Most of the 14C detected in the plant material was in the root tissue, and no substantial increases were noted in shoot tissues. Comparative TUA sequence analysis revealed two independent single amino acid changes: change of Val into Phe at position 202 in TUA1 and change of Leu into Met at position 125 in TUA3 in Asakura‐1 biotype. In the Tamana (R) biotype, two amino acid changes of Leu to Phe at position 136 and Val to Phe at position 202 were observed in the predicted amino acid sequence of TUA1, compared with Chikugo (S) biotype.CONCLUSION: The results provide preliminary molecular explanation for the resistance of water foxtail to trifluralin, a phenomenon that has arisen as a result of repeated exposure to this class of herbicide. This is the first report of α‐tubulin mutation in water foxtail and for any Alopecurus species reported in the literature. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Improving satellite services with cooperative communications
Authors: Paillassa Beatrice , Escrig Benoît , Dhaou Riadh , Boucheret Marie‐Laure , Bes Caroline 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYThis paper proposes new transmission schemes for the delivery of satellite services. In the proposed scenarios, mobile terminals are allowed to forward the signal received from the satellite. This scheme provides spatial diversity just like MIMO transmission schemes. Moreover, the coverage area is extended because masked terminals have an additional opportunity to get the service from neighboring terminals. We use the paradigm of cooperative communications to compare the advantages and limitations of several scenarios in hybrid terrestrial/satellite systems. In particular, we study the following basic transmission scheme: in a first time slot, the satellite sends its signal and, in a second time slot, mobile terrestrial terminals are relaying the satellite signal. An analysis framework is proposed and applied to this cooperation scenario at the destination terminal. The framework is modeling the cooperation process and clearly separates the control part from the data user part. The paper outlines the importance of the control part by evaluating the relay selection policy on a basic hybrid satellite/ad hoc system. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Secure and efficient dynamic program update in wireless sensor networks
Authors: He Daojing , Chan Sammy , Chen Chun , Bu Jiajun 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTDynamic program update protocols provide a convenient way to reprogram sensor nodes after deployment. However, designing a secure program update protocol for wireless sensor networks is a difficult task because wireless networks are susceptible to attacks and nodes have limited resources. Recently, two secure program update protocols using orthogonality principle have been found to be vulnerable to two impersonation attacks, although these attacks are rather restrictive. This paper reports one new attack that is more general and makes the program update protocols even more vulnerable. With this attack, an attacker can easily impersonate the base station to install his/her preferred program on sensor nodes and then obtain control over the network. As a remedy, two simple countermeasures are suggested to defend against all these attacks. Finally, the security properties of the two proposed solutions are formally validated by a model checking tool. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identity management‐based social trust model for mediating information sharing and privacy enhancement
Authors: Kim Mucheol , Seo Jiwan , Noh Sanghyun , Han Sangyong 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTAs interest in social network studies has grown bigger along with the development of the Web, social network trust management and applications have come into the spotlight. The increasing interest in social network services that are open systems has motivated the need for a reliable trust model that enables practical information sharing and information protection. In this paper, we propose an identity management‐based social trust model for solving a sparsity problem and an information leakage. The proposed trust model contributes to increasing the opportunities for information sharing. In addition, the creation and use of identity groups with a clustering approach and partial identities in the proposed approach effectively address security and privacy risks in social networks. In experiments, the performance of the proposed approach is evaluated using precision–recall and F‐measures. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.