bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Undercorrection of refractive error and cognitive function. The Beijing Eye Study 2011
Authors: SCHMIDBAUER M 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To assess whether ocular parameters are associated with the level of cognitive function.Methods The Beijing Eye Study is a population‐based study performed in rural and urban regions of Greater Beijing. The study included 3469 individuals (56.6%) women) with a mean age of 64.6+/‐9.8 years (range: 50‐93 years). A detailed ophthalmic and medical examination was performed. The cognitive function score was measured by the MMSE (mini mental state examination) scale.Results Cognitive function measurements were available for 3127 (90.1%) study participants (56.5%) women). The mean cognitive function score was 26.3+/‐3.7 (median: 27; range: 2‐30). In multivariate analysis, after adjustment for older age (P<0.001; standardized coefficient beta:0.14), male gender (P=0.003;beta:0.06), urban region of habitation (P=0.005;beta:0.07), lower body height (P=0.001;beta:0.07), lower level of education (P<0.001;beta:0.56), type of occupation (P=0.004;beta:0.08), higher score of psychic depression (P<0.001;beta:0.06), lower self‐reported history of cardiovascular disorder (P=0.02;beta:0.07), decreasing cognitive function score was significantly associated with lower BCVA (P<0.001;beta:0.11), higher amount of undercorrection of refractive error (P=0.004;beta:0.04) and non‐wearing of glasses (P<0.001;beta:0.09).Conclusion After adjustment for systemic parameters and BCVA, the cognitive score was significantly higher in subjects wearing glasses and simultaneously, in subjects with less undercorrection of their refractive error. Although the longitudinal cause‐effect relationship could not be addressed in this cross‐sectional study, the results are in agreement with that correction of refractive errors may be useful to reduce the risk of cognitive under‐functioning.
Fish‐eye disease with retinal involvement associated with mutation in the LCAT gene
Authors: BOUTBOUL S , BORDERIE V , LAROCHE L 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose A 38‐year‐old Egyptian man was referred to our department due to bilateral loss of vision over a six‐year period.Slit lamp examination revealed extensive bilateral corneal opacitiesBlood analysis revealed lipid metabolism abnormalities with a lack of plasma alpha‐lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) (high‐density) activityMethods We used PCR to amplify, to sequence and to determine the genotype of the LCAT gene. Direct sequencing of the six exons of the gene (figure 2) revealed a new homozygous mutation in exon 1 confirming the diagnosis of Fish Eye Disease ( FED). This new homozygous mutation caused a C‐to‐T transition, resulting in a substitution of a leucine by a proline at position 34 of the protein.Results We performed a penetrating keratoplasty on right eye in december 2004. Despite a clear graft with normal anterior segment and normal fundoscopy, the patient did not recover significant visual acuity from the graft. His visual acuity was 20/100 on right eye . Visual Evoked potential and neuroimaging was normal, but electroretinography revealed a bilateral maculopathy.Conclusion Similarly to what occurs in cornea ,retinal deposits could explain the macular involvement we have discovered in Fish eye disease. Full‐thickness corneal transplantation should be performed in cases of severe corneal opacification with impaired vision, but success of keratoplasty could be limited by visual impairement due to retinal degeneration. The indication for perforating keratoplasty has to be thought very carefully in these multimorbid patients.
Relationship between visual acuity and other optical parameters in no presbyopic eyes
Authors: SEGURA CALVO F , SANCHEZ‐CANO A , LOPEZ DE LA FUENTE C , FUENTES BROTO L , PINILLA I 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To study the relationship between visual acuity (VA) and fluctuation of accommodation and aberrometric data in a population of no presbyopic eyes.Methods Forty‐two no presbyopic eyes with natural pupil and scotopic lighting conditions were involved in the study. Subjects were studied with an autorefractor to determine the refraction and accommodation fluctuations, a ray tracing aberrometer to measure the refraction as well as aberrometric data, and a system to generate charts and determine the subjective refraction and the AV. The equipments were calibrated with an artificial eye before the tests were done. The subjects were divided in several subgroups of 1) subjective refraction (≥|‐0.50|D or <|‐0.50|D); 2) fluctuation of accommodation (≤0.1D or >0.1D) and 3) RMS of different high order (HO) aberrations: 3a) RMS of HO total (≤0.25µm or >0.25µm), 3b) RMS of spherical aberration (≤0.15µm or >0.15µm), 3c) RMS of coma (≤0.15µm or >0.15µm) and 2d) RMS of trefoil (≤0.15µm or >0.15µm)Results The mean value for VA was 1.28 and 0.16 D for fluctuations of accommodation. No significant differences among fluctuations of accommodation and VA were found in any group. We found normal values about RMS of HO (0.34 μm), RMS of coma (0.19 μm), RMS of trefoil (0.17 μm) and spherical aberration (0.11 μm). No differences between RMS and VA were found in any group. A moderate correlation (R2=0.19) between the VA and the spherical aberration was observed.Conclusion The values of fluctuation of accommodation and aberrometric data were within normal ranges reported in the literature. Differences between VA and other optical parameters were not found.
The effect of simplified and traditional chinese character on accommodative reponses in myopes and emmtropes
Authors: XU D , XIN W 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose This study investigated the effect of simplified and traditional chinese character on accommodative lag, accommodation microfluctuation, near work‐induced transient myopia (NITM) during the near task as well as the subsequent decay time. We aimed to analyze if the traditional Chinese character had the trend of inducing the myopia progress.Methods Young adults were classified into emmetropes and myopes . Two size (12pt,8pt) and two type (simplified and traditional chinese character) were used to give four different reading targets on computer screen. It was presented in random order at 25 cm and was read for 5min. For each target, accommodation response , accommodation microfluctuation NITM and its decay were measured using the free space Grand‐Seiko auto‐refractor.Results For myopic subjects, accommodation microfluctuation was greater for traditional chinese character 0.35±0.17 D than for simplified chinese character: 0.29 ±0.11 D, (p=0.017) ,NITM was larger for traditional chinese traditional character 0.61±0.34 D than for simplified chinese character 0.53±0.33 D,p=0.028, however there was no difference in emmetropic subjects. Myopes had larger accommodation microfluctuation 0.35±0.17 D than emmetrope 0.24±0.11 D p=0.02,myopes had greater NITM0.61±0.34 D than emmetropes 0.42±0.25 D P=0.013. For all targets, The accommodative lag of myopes is 0.74±0.32 D while the emmetropes 0.53±0.35 D P=0.000 ;The decay time for myopes was15.88±19.53 seconds while the emmetropes 9.04±12.62 seconds P=0.012.Conclusion The study showed that compare to the simplified Chinese character, the traditional chinese character had significant effect on myopic subjects, it may be more susceptible of inducing the myopia progress.
Evaluation of magnitude and phase of sweep‐visual evoked potentials
Authors: CHARLIER J , CABON M , ZANLONGHI X , DEFOORT‐DHELLEMMES S 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Sweep visual evoked potentials (SVEP) are frequently used for the assessment of visual acuity. Several studies have shown the presence in a significant number of subjects of a reduction of the response amplitude (“notch”) at intermediate spatial frequencies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if this reduction of amplitude was related to a change in phase of the response.Methods SVEP records from 16 subjects presenting a notch were analyzed. The sweeps were performed with a checkerboard pattern reversing at a frequency of 12 Hz. The duration of the sweep was 12 seconds and a Fourier analysis was performed over a sliding time window. A vector average was calculated over the different sweeps recorded from each subject and the resulting magnitude and phase were plotted for the 2nd (12Hz) harmonic.Results The amplitude notch was found between 1.5 and 3 CPD. It was systematically correlated with a discontinuity of phase, typically constant for spatial frequency below the notch and increasing at a constant rate above that frequency. A numerical simulation pas performed to evaluate the effect of phase changes and demonstrated that a discontinuity of phase can produce a transient reduction in the measurement of magnitude similar to the notch found in the responses of some subjects.Conclusion This result gives a new possible interpretation for the notch found in SVEP responses of some subjects. It may help understand underlying physiological mechanisms. It also suggests that new algorithms taking into account phase changes may be more appropriate to analyze SVEP responses.
Commercial interest
Comparison of visual evoked potentials between premature and full‐term childrens
Authors: HAN SJ , JEON SY 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To evaluate the correlation of visual evoked potential(VEP) abnormalities with prematurity, presence of brain lesion, brain lesion localization, especially visual cortex in children under five.Methods We evaluated VEP responses in children under five, and compare the responses according to prematurity, presence of brain lesion, and brain lesion localization. We divided the subjects into two groups, which the visual pathway involvement (retina, optic nerve, optic chiasm, lateral geniculate body, optic radiation, visual cortex) group, and non‐involvement group. The VEP responses were classified into 3 scores, Score 0: normal waveform and normal latency, Score 1: mildly or moderately attenuated waveform or delayed latency, Score 2: severely attenuated waveform or no response.Results Subjects were 58 children, 16 premature(25 weeks ~ 38 weeks), and 42 full‐term children. In premature children, 5 out of 16 had visual pathway involvement, and 12 out of 32 had it in full‐term children. In full‐term children, higher score was seen in visual pathway involvement group. On the other hand, in premature children, there was no significant difference of score between visual pathway involvement group and non‐involvement group.Conclusion In full‐term children, the incidence of VEP abnormality seems to be higher in case of visual pathway involvement. In premature children, the VEP abnormality is vulnerable although there is no visual pathway involvement.
Functional activity of retinal neurons and Muller cells in idiopathic full‐thickness macular holes
Authors: ZUEVA M , NEROEV V , TSAPENKO I , BYCHKOV P , SARYGINA O 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To determine the changes of neurons and Muller cells functional activity in idiopathic macular holes (MH).Methods 7 patients (59‐70years) with a full‐thickness MH (3rd stage by Gass, 6‐8 months duration) were examined. Optical coherent tomography (Stratus3000 OCT, Carl Zeiss) used to detect the maximum size of the MH, total macular volume (TMV) and foveal thickness (FT). The central and general macular sensitivity (Sc within 3° from the fixation point, and Sg) were tested with microperimetry (macula 12°, MP1 Nidek). The cone ERG, photopic flicker ERGs (FERG) at 8.3, 10, 12, 30Hz were recorded (RETIport/scan21, Roland Consult), and glial indices were calculated as the ratio of amplitudes of the ERG b‐wave and every FERG.Results The best corrected visual acuity was 0.23±0.09, FT=345±12μ; TMV=7.3±0.1mm3; the maximum hole size 581±62μ. Sc =7.9±1.1dB; Sg=12.2±1.3dB. In MH, a moderate reduction of a‐ and b‐wave amplitudes was noted up to 67% and 88.3% of the norm. The b/a ratio was to 50% higher than in control, reflecting a violations in the outer/post‐receptor retina interface. The amplitude of 24Hz‐FERG (but not the 8.3‐12Hz FERG) showed a sharp reduction (up to 31.4%), indicating to a drastic violation of the bipolar cell activity. The less significant depression in the single‐flash ERG b‐wave may reflect the compensatory hyperactivity of Muller cells, which masks the true reduction of bipolar cells activity. Glial indices increased more than two times at 24Hz, testifying a violation of cone bipolar and Muller cells interaction.Conclusion MH is associated with the reduction in the function of photoreceptor and bipolar cells, sharp increase in Muller cell activity and interaction of cone bipolar and Muller cells.
New clinical measure to assess the visual awareness in peripheral field loss (PFL)
Authors: ALSHAGHTHRAH A , DICKINSON C , MURRAY I 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Individuals with PFL have problems moving about, and there are some optical aids that are proposed to enhance mobility performance. However, currently the efficacy of these aids cannot be determined without extended wear. This study aims to design a new clinical measure to assess the visual awareness in PFL patients, so that this new test could be used to determine the efficacy of optical aids in a clinical settingMethods PFL was simulated using goggles in 50 normally‐sighted subjects. The simulated field of view (FoV) was varied from 5° to 20°. In the new test, observers were asked to search for a stimulus in a 60° field of view and the detection time (DT) & detection efficiency (DE) (DE is the Inter‐quartile range of the DT responses at each eccentricity for every subject) were measured. Head and eye movements were allowed and the presentation time was unlimited. Clinical validity was investigated by correlating the DT and DE scores with the percentage preferred walking speed (PPWS) and the number of collisions on an indoor mobility courseResults The DT and DE scores were inversely correlated with the FoV (r=‐0.60; p<0.0001, for both of them). These scores varied linearly with eccentricity. The DE was inversely correlated with the PPWS (r=‐0.50; p<0.0001) and positively with the collisions score on the indoor mobility course (r=0.50; p<0.0001)Conclusion The awareness test was sensitive to FoV and stimulus eccentricity. The test results have good correlation with mobility course scores which indicates that the new test is valid. The test is unique, quick, and simple to deliver. The new visual awareness test could be a valuable tool to test the efficacy of optical aids that are intended to enhance mobility performance in PFL patients.
Normal aging: capturing changes in contrast acuity at low light levels
Authors: GILLESPIE‐GALLERY H , KONSTANTAKOPOULOU E , BARBUR JL 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Visual tasks that require discrimination of fine spatial detail become a challenge to older subjects, particularly when the light level is low. This worsening of vision is increased further when diseases of the eye are also involved, and these effects are difficult to separate. An index to describe the health of the retina (HRindex) by capturing how contrast acuity (CA) worsens as a function of light level is introduced and the statistical limits of variability established in normal eyes.Methods CA thresholds were measured at five light levels (in the rage 0.12 to 34 cd/m^2) in 80 subjects, aged 18‐80 years using the CA assessment test (ASEM, 74, 551‐559, 2003). Long wavelength light was used to minimise variability. Stimuli were presented at 0 and ±4 degrees. Pupil size was measured throughout and used to calculate subject‐specific retinal illuminances. The measurements were carried out binocularly and monocularly and in addition to clinical examination, a number of filters were also used to screen for normal eyes.Results The HRindex was calculated for each subject using a method similar to that developed to investigate changes in colour vision (JOSA, 29 (2):27‐35, 2012). Limits for CA have been established for normal eyes. The effects of aging were examined as well as differences between binocular and monocular thresholds and retinal location.Conclusion The results show that when appropriate screening for normal vision is applied the HRindex becomes largely independent of age. The new approach and the limits of normal vision obtained in this study make it possible to screen for early‐stage, subclinical retinal disease using CA assessment.
Colour vision losses in diabetes in the absence of proliferative retinopathy
Authors: BARBUR JL , ANSARI I , CANNING C 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose There are over 30 published studies evaluating colour vision in diabetes. The evidence is, however, not consistent – the predictive accuracy of the studies does not support the use of colour vision as a screening test for diabetic retinopathy (Health Technol Assess, 13 (60), 2009). The CAD colour vision test (Expert Rev.Ophthalmol. 6(4):409‐420, 2011) addresses some of the major flaws in clinical colour testing. This poster reports the application of the CAD test to 214 diabetic patients.Methods A consecutive series of diabetics attending a diabetes center in Abu Dhabi were invited to participate in the study. Inclusion criteria were a best corrected visual acuity of 6/18 or better, no more than moderate non‐proliferative retinopathy or moderate maculopathy and no co‐existing glaucoma. Patients had a full eye examination (including colour photography and macular OCT), a full assessment of their diabetes and the CAD colour test.Results Age‐corrected binocular colour threshold limits were employed to screen for normal colour vision. Abnormal colour vision was noted in 80% of Arab and 67% of non Arabs. This did not correlate with duration of diabetes, age, HBA1C, body mass index, visual acuity or central retinal thickness.Conclusion Colour vision is abnormal in the large majority of the study population. The severity of colour vision loss is not correlated with age or gender of the patients, duration or severity of diabetes, current diabetic control, or central macular thickness. These findings suggest the existence of early retinal changes in diabetes that affect specifically colour vision and occur independently of factors such as those causing macula edema.
The dynamics of molecular markers expression of blood lymphocytes activating at patients with an uveal melanoma at the different types of treatment
Authors: VELICHKO LN , MALETSKIY AP , VIT VV , CHEBOTARYOV YEP 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To study the dynamics of molecular markers expression of blood lymphocytes activating at patients with the uveal melanoma at the different types of treatment.Methods Research was conducted in the dynamics at patients (n=67) in age 63,4±5,7 years old with the uveal melanoma at the different types of treatment. The photocoagulation was conducted in the first group (n=42), the enucleation was in the second group (n=19), the combine therapy (photocoagulation + brachytherapy) was in the third group (n=6). The level of molecular markers expression of lymphocytes activating was determined by the gistoimmunocitochemical method through the monoclonal antibodies (CD7, CD25, CD38, CD45, CD54, CD150 and CD95). The estimation of statistical meaningfulness of distinctions was executed by Mann‐Whitney and Wilcoxon tests.Results Аfter the photocoagulation at patients with uveal melanoma was marked the reliable increase of molecular markers of lymphocytes activating (CD7, CD38, CD150 and CD95) as compared to indexes at the beginning of treatment. After the enucleation the level of molecular markers of lymphocytes activating (CD7 and CD95) was for certain increased as compared to the initial level. The combine therapy (photocoagulation + brachytherapy) was accompanied the reliable increase of activating markers (CD7, CD25, CD38, CD45, CD54, CD150 and CD95).Conclusion The highest level of the immune system activating is marked at the combine treatment. Less expressed activating at the enucleation and photocoagulation.
Diagnosis of Herpetic Uveitis is Aided by Confocal Microscopy with the HRT RCM
Authors: KNOLL A , POSTOLE S , MACKENSEN F 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Herpetic uveitis (HU) is a frequent infectious cause of anterior uveitis. A definite diagnosis can be obtained by anterior chamber puncture and PCR, an invasive procedure not all patients consent to. We hypothesized that patients with HU typically have high amounts of dendritiform inflammatory cells (DCs) in their corneal subepithelial nerve plexus (SNP),which are detectable by in vivo confocal microscopy and distinguish HU from other uveitis types.Methods Patients with clinical suspicion of HU without keratitis and patients with Fuchs Uveitis Syndrome (FUS) were imaged with the Rostock Cornea Module attachment on the HRT III (HRT‐RCM)(Heidelberg Engineering) on both eyes. DCs in the SNP were counted by two observers using a cell counting software. Means of the cell counts were used for analysis. Diagnosis of HU was confirmed by anterior chamber puncture or by clinical improvement due to Acyclovir therapy. Statistical significance was assessed with a Kruskal‐Wallis or a Mann Whitney U test,when appropriate.Results Patients with HU showed significantly higher amounts of DCs in their affected eyes (93.3±10.6 cells/mm2, Mean±SEM, n=10) but also in their unaffected eyes (59±25 cells/mm2, n=7), than patients with FUS, who had an average DC‐density of 46.4±10.4 cells/mm2(n=15) in their affected and 21±6 cells/mm2(n=15) in their unaffected eyes.Conclusion High amounts of DCs in the corneal SNP were a typical finding in herpetic AU. Much lower numbers of DCs were present in FUS, a clinical similar uveitis type presumably also of viral origin. Imaging corneas of patients with clinical suspicion of HU with the HRT‐RCM is a non‐invasive, low risk technique which can be a useful addition in distinguishing HU from other anterior uveitis aetiologi
Syphilitic uveitis: Vilnius region perspetive: 6 case reports
Authors: STECH S , STRUPAITE R , KARALIUTE Z , CIMBALAS A , SVEIKATIENE J , ASOKLIS R 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To examine the clinical manifestations of syphilitic uveitis in Vilnius region population over four years and review trends in incidenceMethods A retrospective case series of 6 patients (8 eyes) with syphilitic uveitis who were managed in Vilnius region between 2009 and 2012Results Between 2009 and 2012 were 6 patients (mean age 42,67 years, range 28 ‐ 66) all of them with positive Treponema Pallidum Chemiluminescent Immunoassay (CLIA) and negative Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) serology. Venereal Disease Research Labarotory (VDRL) and/or Treponema Pallidum Heamaglutination Assay (TPHA) and/or non – reactive Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) were obtained in all 6 patients. Posterior uveitis was the commonest presenting finding (5/8 eyes), panuveitis was seen in 3 eyes at presentation. Posterior uveitis manifests as chorioretinitis with or without vitritis, optic neuritis, neuroretinitis. Panuveitis – granulomatous anterior uveitis, neuroretinitis, vitritis. One patient with bilateral involvement, had rare symptom – syphilitic roseola of the iris. Five patients were treated with intravenal benzylpenicilin and one – oral cefriaxoneConclusion Ocular syphilis presented most frequently as posterior segment inflammation. An increasing trend in the number of cases of ocular syphilis in the past four years was observed in Vilnius region population