bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metallomics and chemical speciation: towards a better understanding of metal‐induced stress in plants
Authors: Arruda M.A.Z. , Azevedo R.A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMost metal ions are toxic to plants, even at low concentrations, despite the fact that some are essential for growth and play key roles in metabolism. The majority of metals induce the formation of reactive oxygen species, which require the synthesis of additional antoxidant compounds and enzymes for their removal. New techniques that have greatly improved the identification, localisation and quantification of metals within plant tissues have led to the science of metallomics. This advancement in knowledge should eventually allow the characterisation of plants used in the process of phytoremediation of soils contaminated with toxic metals.
PREPARATIVE ISOLATION OF FLAVONOIDS FROM MULBERRY (MORUS ALBA L.) LEAVES BY MACROPOROUS RESIN ADSORPTION
Authors: JIA DONGDONG , LI SHUFEN , GU ZHIPENG 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACT The flavonoids in mulberry leaves have good antioxidant activities. In this study, ultrasound‐assisted extraction was used to obtain the crude flavonoids, and the macroporous resin adsorption technology was further employed to purify the flavonoids. The nonpolar resin labeled as H‐103 was selected from eight kinds of macroporous resins as the adsorbent. Static and dynamic adsorption–desorption were tested to optimize the operation parameters. The experimental results show that the purity of the total flavonoids can be 36.3%, with a recovery of 83.4% under the optimum conditions. The flavonoids of rutin and isoquercitrin in the extract were detected by high‐performance liquid chromatography, and their recoveries were above 80%. The devised method of isolation of the flavonoids from mulberry leaves may be used to develop a new process for medicinal purpose. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSFlavonoids are important active components in mulberry leaves, which can effectively inhibit the oxidative modification of human lipoprotein. The maroporous resin adsorption method used for isolating and purifying flavonoids from mulberry leaves is advanced than the conventional ones for its lower cost, higher efficiency and procedural simplicity, and this procedure may be used to develop a new preparative process for medicinal purpose. In addition, the optimized results can be transposed to predict design parameters in fixed‐bed adsorption systems.
CONVECTIVE SOLAR DRYING OF OLIVE LEAVES
Authors: BAHLOUL NEILA , BOUDHRIOUA NOURHÈNE , KOUHILA MOHAMMED , KECHAOU NABIL 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACT This paper presents investigations on thin layer convective solar drying of four olive leaves varieties (Chemlali, Chemchali, Chetoui and Zarrazi). Olive leaves were dried at three drying air temperatures (40, 50 and 60C) and at two drying air velocities (0.566 and 1.133 m/s). The drying air temperature is the main factor in controlling the drying rate. The experimental drying curves show the presence of only a falling rate period. Mathematical models, namely, Newton, Page, Henderson and Pabis, Logarithmic, Wang and Singh, Two‐term and Two‐term exponential models were fitted to the experimental data. Among these models, the Logarithmic model showed the best agreement with the experimental data. The effective moisture diffusivity was estimated by applying the Fickian law to the drying kinetics. The effective moisture diffusivity values varied from 3.437 10
−10
(Chemlali variety) to 2.427 10
−9 m2/s (Chemchali variety). The values of activation energy were calculated assuming an Arrhenius‐type temperature reliance. The activation energy ranged from 24.704 (Chetoui variety) to 53.743 (Chemlali variety) kJ/mol. The quality attributes of the dehydrated olive leaves samples were investigated in term of color. The effect of solar drying on L*, a*and b*parameters was significant (P < 0.05) for all the studied olive leaves.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThis work concerns the investigation of the drying characteristics of olive leaves. Like many other medicinal plants, olive leaves should be dehydrated before use to preserve their active compounds which have numerous applications in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food preservation industries. Therefore, the study of the drying characteristics is essential for the industrial and the academic purposes.
Relative Axial Myopia Induced by Prolonged Light Exposure in C57BL/6 Mice
Authors: Zhou Xiangtian , An Jianhong , Wu Xiaomin , Lu Runxia , Huang Qinzhu , Xie Ruozhong , Jiang Liqin , Qu Jia 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAmbient lighting is essential for ocular development in many species, however, disruption in diurnal lighting cycle can affect the development in refraction and axial growth of the eye. This study investigated the effects of prolonged daily lighting on refraction and various optical components of the eye by raising C57BL/6 mice under three different light/dark cycles (18/6, 12/12 and 6/18). Egr‐1 mRNA expression, apoptosis and histology of the retina and size of the scleral fibrils were evaluated in these three lighting cycles. Results showed that there was a trend of myopic development, increasing vitreous chamber depth and thinning of the retina in eyes from 6/18 to 18/6 groups. Retinal Egr‐1 mRNA expression and diameter of scleral fibrils were reduced with the prolongation of daily lighting from 6/18 to 18/6. However, retinal apoptosis was not detected in all the groups. These results suggest that prolonged lighting can induce axial myopia in inbred mice. This model, which uses mice with similar genetic backgrounds, provides an alternative to the currently available models and therefore is useful for evaluation of refractive errors caused by changes in environmental illumination.
Degradation of HER2 Receptor Through Hypericin‐mediated Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Kovaľ Ján , Mikeš Jaromír , Jendželovský Rastislav , Kello Martin , Solár Peter , Fedoročko Peter 
Published: November 2009

AbstractCurrent treatment of breast cancer is often affected by resistance to therapeutics, for which the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) may be responsible. Here, we report for the first time the use of hypericin‐mediated photodynamic therapy (HY‐PDT) in combination with a selective HER2 inhibitor (AG 825) on SKBR‐3, a HER2 overexpressing human breast adenocarcinoma cell line. The results demonstrate that HY‐PDT is able to degrade HER2 with an impact on its signaling cascade. Combination with AG 825 resulted in increased apoptosis induction, total degradation of HER2 and inhibition of colony formation. Downregulation of HSP90, Mcl‐1, Bcl‐xL and upregulation of Bax was also observed. This knowledge provides the basis for the possible application of HY‐PDT in preclinical and clinical models of breast cancer treatment.
Comparison of the Disinfection Effects of Vacuum‐UV (VUV) and UV Light on Bacillus subtilis Spores in Aqueous Suspensions at 172, 222 and 254 nm
Authors: Wang Ding , Oppenländer Thomas , El‐Din Mohamed Gamal , Bolton James R. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe efficacy of UV and vacuum‐UV (VUV) disinfection of Bacillus subtilis spores in aqueous suspensions at wavelengths of 172, 222 and 254 nm was evaluated. A Xe2* excilamp, a KrCl* excilamp and a low‐pressure mercury lamp were used as almost monochromatic light sources at these three wavelengths. The first‐order inactivation rate constants at 172, 222 and 254 nm were 0.0023, 0.122 and 0.069 cm2 mJ−1, respectively. Therefore, a 2 log reduction of B. subtilis spores was reached with fluences (UV doses) of 870, 21.6 and 40.4 mJ cm−2 at these individual wavelengths. Consequently, for the inactivation of B. subtilis spores, VUV exposure at 172 nm is much less efficient than exposure at the other two wavelengths, while exposure at 222 nm is more efficient than that at 254 nm, which is probably because triplet energy transfer from DPA to thymine bases at 222 nm is higher than that at 254 nm. This research indicated quantitatively that VUV light is not practicable for microorganism disinfection in water and wastewater treatment. However, in comparison with other advanced oxidation processes (e.g. UV/TiO2, UV/H2O2 or O3/H2O2) the VUV‐initiated photolysis of water is likely more efficient in generating hydroxyl radicals and more effective for the inactivation of microorganisms.
High Sediment Oxygen Demand Within an Instream Swamp in Southern Georgia: Implications for Low Dissolved Oxygen Levels in Coastal Blackwater Streams1
Authors: Todd M. Jason , Vellidis George , Lowrance R. Richard , Pringle Catherine M. 
Published: November 2009

Todd, M. Jason, George Vellidis, R. Richard Lowrance, and Catherine M. Pringle, 2009. High Sediment Oxygen Demand Within an Instream Swamp in Southern Georgia: Implications for Low Dissolved Oxygen Levels in Coastal Blackwater Streams. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 45(6):1493‐1507.Abstract:  Sediment oxygen demand (SOD) is considered a critical and dominant sink for dissolved oxygen (DO) in many river systems including blackwater streams and is often poorly investigated or roughly estimated in oxygen budgets. The purposes of this study are to (1) characterize and document the magnitude and variability of SOD in representative instream swamps found on the Georgia Coastal Plain; (2) predict SOD from more readily measured parameters such as soil, sediment, and litter organic carbon; and (3) obtain an accurate representation of SOD values within this understudied habitat to help improve water quality models and the continued development of DO as an appropriate water quality standard. Results show SOD rates ranging from 0.491 to 14.189 g O2/m2/day, up to 18 times higher than values reported for southeastern sandy‐bottomed streams and suggest that instream swamps are repositories of large amounts of organic matter and are thus areas of intense oxygen demand and a major factor in determining the oxygen balance of the watershed as a whole. These areas of intense oxygen demand in relatively unimpacted areas indicate that low DO concentrations may be a natural phenomenon. SOD rates were significantly correlated (alpha = 0.05) with a number of sediment parameters, with organic carbon and total organic carbon being the best predictors of SOD rate. When developing water quality models, managers should pay closer attention to the influence of SOD as it plays a critical role in determining DO levels within instream swamps and the river system.
Facial muscle wasting – caused by neurological tumour involving foramen ovale
Authors: Ramsey R.A. , Spencer H.R. , Anand R. , Brennan P.A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe report a rare case of a patient presenting to a dental practitioner with unilateral wasting of the masticatory muscles and inferior alveolar numbness secondary to a skull base tumour involving the foramen ovale.
Extranasopharyngeal angiofibroma of the buccal space: surgical management and review of literature
Authors: Walvekar R.R. , Polk P. , Nuss D.W. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAngiofibromas are highly vascular benign tumors that characteristically arise within the nasopharynx and are predominantly seen to occur in young adolescent males. Extranasopharyngeal angiofibromas are rare with only 56 cases being reported to date. The most common site of presentation for extranasopharyngeal angiofibromas is the maxillary sinus. We report a buccal space angiofibroma excised via an intra‐oral route and discuss surgical approaches to the buccal space with a relevant review of literature.
Lymphoepithelioma‐like carcinoma of the palate: report of a case with a 15‐year follow‐up
Authors: Aydıntuğ Y.S. , Okçu K.M. , Şençimen M. , Altuğ H.A. , Safalı M. , Haznedaroğlu M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractLymphoepithelioma‐like carcinoma (LEC), an undifferentiated carcinoma with pronounced lymphocytic infiltration, is often seen in the nasopharynx as well as in other areas. Intraoral LELC is rare, as reflected by the paucity of cases reported in a major centre, which equates to less than one case per year. The literature search revealed that intraoral LELC has a male predilection [1.5 to 1]. Here we report a case of LELC of the hard palate in a 39‐year‐old woman operated in 1994.
Re‐exposure of impacted maxillary canines: the North Bristol experience
Authors: Fleming C. , Evans M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAims:  This study aims to find an incidence of surgical re‐exposure of impacted maxillary canines in our unit and to ascertain complications that lead to re‐exposures.Results:  Two hundred and forty‐nine maxillary canine exposures were carried out on 230 patients in the period 2006–2008. The re‐exposure rate was 2.0% (five out of 249 exposures) and the main complications leading to re‐exposure were debonding of the gold chain in closed exposures, and early loss of periodontal dressing in open exposures.Conclusion:  Re‐exposures of impacted maxillary canines do occur in our unit but cases are relatively infrequent compared with other studies. Complications occurred with both open and closed exposure techniques; however, there is no evidence to suggest any one particular surgical technique contributes to an increase in the incidence of re‐exposures.
Bisphosphonates and oral surgery
Authors: Oliver R. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractOsteonecrosis of the jaws, or the threat of it, because of the use of bisphosphonates, is an increasing problem facing all dentists and oral surgeons. The link is somewhat circumstantial but compelling and there are emerging risk factors that increase a patient's susceptibility to developing osteonecrosis including the use of intravenous bisphosphonates, length of time taking the drug, smoking and possibly a genetic predisposition. There is a lack of randomised trial evidence regarding the best strategies for prevention and treatment of the condition. This article discusses current evidence, largely from observational studies on the development, prevention and management of bisphosphonate‐related osteonecrosis.
On the Modal Content ofA PosterioriNecessities
Authors: TAHKO TUOMAS E. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis article challenges the Kripkean interpretation ofa posteriorinecessities. It will be demonstrated, by an analysis of classic examples, that the modal content of supposeda posteriorinecessities is more complicated than the Kripkean line suggests. We will see that further research is needed concerning thea prioriprinciples underlying alla posteriorinecessities. In the course of this analysis it will emerge that the modal content ofa posteriorinecessities can best be described in terms of a Finean conception of modality – by giving essences priority over modality. The upshot of this is that we might be able to establish the necessity of certain supposeda posteriorinecessities bya priorimeans.
TheTractatusTheory of Descriptions
Authors: ROSENKRANTZ MAX 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn this article I construe Russell's definite description notation as a fragment of an “ideal language”– a language in which, as Russell puts it in the “Logical Atomism” lectures, “the words in a proposition correspond one by one with the components of the corresponding fact.” Russell's notation – containing as it does variables, quantifiers and the identity sign – commits him to an ontology that is lavish indeed. It thus conflicts with the spirit of the theory of descriptions, which is developed in the service of ontological frugality (the elimination of denoting concepts, senses and non‐existent objects). I make use of arguments derived from theTractatusto show that an ideal language need not contain logical signs. I thus defend the spirit of the theory of descriptions while departing from its letter.
Dispositions Unmasked
Authors: HAUSKA JAN 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe problem of masking is widely regarded as a grave threat to the conditional analysis of dispositions. Unlike the difficulty arising in connection with finkish situations, the problem does not involve the (dis)appearance of a disposition upon the arrival of its activating conditions. Consequently, some promising responses to the finkish cases, in particular David Lewis's reformed analysis, are ill‐equipped to deal with masks. I contend that the difficulty posed by masks can be surmounted by supplementing the counterfactual at the heart of the conditional analysis with a ceteris paribus clause. In spelling out this idea, I first examine the issue of provisos in nomic statements. Then I show how the employment of the ceteris paribus clause escapes the objections that are often raised against it, including the charge that the clause cannot informatively capture all the possible masks of a disposition.
Does the Number of Previous Vaginal Deliveries Affect Overactive Bladder Symptoms and their Response to Treatment?
Authors: WITTE Lambertus P.W. , PESCHERS Ursula , VOGEL Monika , De La ROSETTE Jean J.M.C.H. , MICHEL Martin C. 
Published: November 2009

Objectives: To explore associations between the number of vaginal deliveries (primary aim) or gender (secon‐ dary aim) and overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms as well as their response to treatment with a muscarinic antagonist.Methods: Preplanned secondary analysis of an observational study of solifenacin in OAB patients. Episode frequencies of OAB symptoms, pad use and scores on OAB rating scales were documented in 4450 patients before and after a 12–14 week treatment period with solifenacin 5 or 10 mg.Results: Women without, and with one, two or more than two vaginal deliveries and men were similar in their baseline characteristics. All groups also exhibited rather similar reductions in symptoms and improvements in rating scales upon treatment.Conclusion: These data indicate that solifenacin, and perhaps other muscarinic receptor antagonists, are similarly suitable for the treatment of OAB symptoms in both genders, irrespective of previous vaginal deliveries.
Treatment of Obstructive Bladder Dysfunction in Rabbits with Coenzyme Q10 and Alpha Lipoic Acid
Authors: HYDERY Tasmina , SCHULER Catherine , LEGGETT Robert E. , LEVIN Robert M. 
Published: November 2009

Objectives: Partial bladder outlet obstruction (PBOO) is one of the major pathological effects of benign prostatic hyperplasia in men. It is well demonstrated that ischemia followed by reperfusion and the resulting generation of free radicals and oxidative damage to proteins occur in our rabbit model of PBOO and are involved in the observed progressive obstructive bladder dysfunction. The aim of the current project was to determine if treatment of obstructed rabbits with alpha lipoic acid and coenzyme Q10 can reverse the urodynamic, biochemical, and physiological responses to PBOO.Methods: Twenty adult NZW male rabbits were divided into four groups (n = 5 per group): control (sham surgical) animals with no treatment (group 1); control animals treated with coenzyme Q10 + alpha lipoic acid for 3 weeks beginning 4 weeks after surgery (group 2); 7‐week obstructed rabbits (group 3); and 7‐week obstructed rabbits treated for the last 3 weeks with the combination of the two drugs (group 4).Results: Bladder weight, compliance, volume at micturition and contractile response to all forms of stimulation were reduced following obstruction, but significantly improved after treatment. In addition, the level of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species damage was significantly reduced by treatment.Conclusion: Our results provide additional support for the beneficial effects of treatment of PBOO with strong antioxidants.
Familial Furunculosis Associated with Community-Acquired Leukocidin-Positive Methicillin-Susceptible
Staphylococcus aureus
ST152
Authors: Pérez-Roth E. , Alcoba-Flórez J. , López-Aguilar C. , Gutiérrez-González I. , Rivero-Pérez B. , Méndez-Álvarez S. 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACT

Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) is associated with staphylococcal skin and pulmonary infections. Community dissemination of PVL-producing
Staphylococcus aureus
strains constitutes a public health concern. Family transmission and spread of community-acquired leukocidin-positive methicillin-susceptible
S. aureus
ST152 isolates associated with severe clinical symptoms are herein described. Remarkably, ST152 isolates usually are methicillin resistant.
First Report Worldwide of an Infant Botulism Case Due to
Clostridium botulinum
Type E
Authors: Lúquez Carolina , Dykes Janet K. , Yu Patricia A. , Raphael Brian H. , Maslanka Susan E. 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACT

Clostridium botulinum
type E has been associated with botulism in adults but never in infants. Infant botulism type E cases have been associated with neurotoxigenic strains of
C. butyricum
. We report the first infant botulism case due to
C. botulinum
type E worldwide.
Complete Genome Sequence and Pathogenicity of Two Swine Parainfluenzavirus 3 Isolates from Pigs in the United States
Authors: Qiao Dan , Janke Bruce H. , Elankumaran Subbiah 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACT

Two novel paramyxoviruses, 81-19252 (Texas81) and 92-7783 (ISU92), isolated from the brains of pigs in the United States in the 1980s and 1990s, were characterized. The complete genome of Texas81 virus was 15,456 nucleotides (nt) in length, that of ISU92 was 15,480 nt, and both genomes consisted of six nonoverlapping genes, predicted to encode nine proteins, with conserved and complementary 3′ leader and 5′ trailer regions and conserved gene starts, gene stops, and trinucleotide intergenic sequences similar to those in paramyxoviruses. The corresponding genes from these two viruses were similar in length, except for the F genes, of which the ISU92 form had an additional 24-nt U-rich 3′ untranslated region. The P genes of swine viruses were predicted to produce V and D mRNAs by RNA editing (one to four G insertions in Texas81 and one to nine G insertions in ISU92) or C mRNA by alternative translation initiation. Sequence-specific features related to virus replication and host-specific amino acid signatures indicated that these viruses originated from bovine parainfluenzavirus 3 (bPIV3). Phylogenetic analysis of individual genes suggested that these viruses are novel members of the genus
Respirovirus
of the
Paramyxovirinae
subfamily and may be grouped into two subgenotypes of genotype A of bPIV3. Our comprehensive studies revealed that these swine PIV3 are variants of bPIV3 and were possibly transferred from cattle to pigs but failed to establish an active enzootic state. These two viruses were mildly pathogenic to conventionally reared pigs, and results from a limited enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based serosurvey of swine farms in Minnesota and Iowa in 2007 and 2008 were negative.