bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Degree Ramsey Numbers of Graphs
Authors: KINNERSLEY WILLIAM B. , MILANS KEVIN G. , WEST DOUGLAS B. 
Published: March 2012

Let HG mean that every s-colouring of E(H) produces a monochromatic copy of G in some colour class. Let the s-colour degree Ramsey number of a graph G, written RΔ(G; s), be min{Δ(H): HG}. If T is a tree in which one vertex has degree at most k and all others have degree at most ⌈k/2⌉, then RΔ(T; s) = s(k − 1) + ϵ, where ϵ = 1 when k is odd and ϵ = 0 when k is even. For general trees, RΔ(T; s) ≤ 2s(Δ(T) − 1).To study sharpness of the upper bound, consider the double-starSa,b, the tree whose two non-leaf vertices have degrees a and b. If a ≤ b, then RΔ(Sa,b; 2) is 2b − 2 when a < b and b is even; it is 2b − 1 otherwise. If s is fixed and at least 3, then RΔ(Sb,b;s) = f(s)(b − 1) − o(b), where f(s) = 2s − 3.5 − O(s−1).We prove several results about edge-colourings of bounded-degree graphs that are related to degree Ramsey numbers of paths. Finally, for cycles we show that RΔ(C2k + 1; s) ≥ 2s + 1, that RΔ(C2k; s) ≥ 2s, and that RΔ(C4;2) = 5. For the latter we prove the stronger statement that every graph with maximum degree at most 4 has a 2-edge-colouring such that the subgraph in each colour class has girth at least 5.
Multiple Thoracoabdominal Impalement Injuries
Authors: Ayandipo Omobolaji O. , Irabor David , Afuwape Oludolapo , Adeoye Peter , Salami Mudasir 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA 20-year-old male was impaled through the chest, abdomen, and right upper thigh by three 1.5 cm (0.59 in) diameter rods, each 2 m (6.56 ft) in length. The first rod entered below his right nipple, the second through the right hypochondrium, and the third through the right upper thigh. He was transported to the hospital with the rods in situ. This paper provides insight as to how these unusual injuries were managed in a limited-resource environment. Even in a developing country, the challenges posed by multiple impalement injuries can be managed successfully by rapid prehospital transfer, along with an adequate and coordinated hospital team effort.
MODULES OVER QUANTUM LAURENT POLYNOMIALS
Authors: GUPTA ASHISH 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe show that the Gelfand–Kirillov dimension for modules over quantum Laurent polynomials is additive with respect to tensor products over the base field. We determine the Brookes–Groves invariant associated with a tensor product of modules. We study strongly holonomic modules and show that there are nonholonomic simple modules.
Aftershock seismicity of the 2010 Maule Mw=8.8, Chile, earthquake: Correlation between co‐seismic slip models and aftershock distribution?
Authors: Rietbrock A. , Ryder I. , Hayes G. , Haberland C. , Comte D. , Roecker S. , Lyon‐Caen H. 
Published: March 2012

The 27 February 2010 Maule, Chile (Mw=8.8) earthquake is one of the best instrumentally observed subduction zone megathrust events. Here we present locations, magnitudes and cumulative equivalent moment of the first ∼2 months of aftershocks, recorded on a temporary network deployed within 2 weeks of the occurrence of the mainshock. Using automatically‐determined onset times and a back projection approach for event association, we are able to detect over 30,000 events in the time period analyzed. To further increase the location accuracy, we systematically searched for potential S‐wave arrivals and events were located in a regional 2D velocity model. Additionally, we calculated regional moment tensors to gain insight into the deformation history of the aftershock sequence. We find that the aftershock seismicity is concentrated between 40 and 140 km distance from the trench over a depth range of 10 to 35 km. Focal mechanisms indicate a predominance of thrust faulting, with occasional normal faulting events. Increased activity is seen in the outer‐rise region of the Nazca plate, predominantly in the northern part of the rupture area. Further down‐dip, a second band of clustered seismicity, showing mainly thrust motion, is located at depths of 40–45 km. By comparing recent published mainshock source inversions with our aftershock distribution, we discriminate slip models based on the assumption that aftershocks occur in areas of rapid transition between high and low slip, surrounding high‐slip regions of the mainshock.
Reduced glutathione and cysteine hydrochloride on crossbred bull semen
Authors: Perumal P 
Published: March 2012

AbstractOver the last few years, good quality freezable semen was not utilized effectively due to less knowledge about the freezability of semen. One reason is the lack of sufficient antioxidants in the seminal plasma and semen extender. The antioxidant content is reduced during the cryopreservation process and causes premature cryo-capacitation and modification of sperm membrane structure upon thawing. So the study of pre-freezing and post thaw seminal parameters like viability, motility, acrosomal integrity, lipid peroxide assay, vanguard distance traveled by sperm, mitochondrial membrane potential, velocity and motility parameters (CASA) and field fertility trial helped to assess the effectiveness of the additives. The conception rate was better in reduced glutathione than the cysteine hydrochloride treated group. The glutathione has improved the poor freezing and maintained the good freezable semen. Thus the field fertility rate was enhanced and in turn helped to prevent waste of good quality germplasm and repeat breeder syndrome in cows.
Heat acclimation responses of an ultra‐endurance running group preparing for hot desert‐based competition
Authors: Costa Ricardo J. S. , Crockford Michael J. , Moore Jonathan P. , Walsh Neil P. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractHeat acclimation induces adaptations that improve exercise tolerance in hot conditions. Here we report novel findings into the effects of ultra‐marathon specific exercise load in increasing hot ambient conditions on indices of heat acclimation. Six male ultra‐endurance runners completed a standard pre‐acclimation protocol at 20°C ambient temperature (T amb), followed by a heat acclimation protocol consisting of six 2 h running exercise‐heat exposures (EH) at 60% O2max on a motorised treadmill in an environmental chamber. Three EH were performed at 30°C T amb, followed by another three EH at 35°C T amb. EH were separated by 48 h within T amb and 72 h between T amb. Nude body mass (NBM), blood and urine samples were collected pre‐exercise; while NBM and urine were collected post‐exercise. Rectal temperature (T re), heart rate (HR), thermal comfort rating (TCR) and rating of perceived exertion were measured pre‐exercise and monitored every 5 min during exercise. Water was provided ad libitum during exercise. Data were analysed using a repeated measures and one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA), with post hoc Tukey's HSD. Significance was accepted as P< 0.05. Overall mean T re was significantly lower during 30°C EH3 and 35°C EH3 compared with their respective EH1 (−0.20 and−0.23°C, respectively; P<0.05). Similarly, overall mean HR was significantly lower during 30°C EH3 and 35°C EH3 compared with their respective EH1 (8 and 7 bpm respectively; P<0.05). A significant decrease in overall mean TCR was observed during 35°C EH3, compared with 35°C EH1 (P< 0.05). Significant increases in resting pre‐exercise plasma volume (estimated from Hb and Hct) were observed by 30°C EH3 (7.9%; P< 0.05). Thereafter, plasma volume remained above baseline throughout the experimental protocol. Two EH of 2 h at 60% O2max at 30°C T amb was sufficient to initiate heat acclimation in all ultra‐endurance runners. Further, heat acclimation responses occurred with increasing EH to 35°C T amb. Preventing exertional heat illnesses and optimising performance outcomes in ultra‐endurance runners may occur with exposure to at least 2 h of exercise‐heat stress on at least two occasions in the days leading up to multi‐stage ultra‐marathon competition in the heat.
Investigating reaction times and stopping performance of skiers and snowboarders
Authors: Schmitt Kai‐Uwe , Muser Markus 
Published: March 2012

AbstractOn‐slope experiments were performed to determine the reaction time of recreational skiers and snowboarders. Volunteers riding a slope were instructed to brake to a complete stop after a visual and acoustic signal. Reaction time and parameters such as the duration of the braking manoeuvre and the corresponding stopping distance were recorded. A total of 70 runs were evaluated, including 37 runs with snowboarders and 33 runs with skiers. The average time until the first observable reaction (reaction time) for all athletes was 420 ms; there was no statistically significant difference between skiers and snowboarders. Participants needed on average an additional 470 ms until they actually started braking. Snowboarders needed significantly more time to prepare for braking than skiers and it took snowboarders significantly longer to stop (p<0.05). In line with these findings, snowboarders also exhibited significantly less deceleration during braking compared to skiers. This study quantifies the reaction times of skiers and snowboarders and provides data related to braking of skiers and snowboarders. This data is useful for the development of injury prevention measures and can be used to ensure reasonable slope design.
Anthropometric variables and their relationship to performance and ability in male surfers
Authors: Barlow Matthew John , Findlay Malcolm , Gresty Karen , Cooke Carlton 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the anthropometric profiles of male surfers and to investigate the relationship of these measures with performance and ability. Following institutional ethical approval, 79 male surfers underwent anthropometric assessment. These surfers composed of three sub‐groups of professional (n=17; age: 34.12, s =3.81 years, stature: 177.28, s =6.29 cm; body mass: 78.57, s =7.17 kg), junior national level (n=15; age: 15.61, s =1.06 years, stature: 173.86, s =5.72 cm; body mass: 63.27, s =7.17 kg) and intermediate level surfers (n=47; age: 22.47, s =2.80 years, stature: 179.90, s =5.41; body mass: 77.83, s =9.43 kg). The mean somatotype values for the different groups of surfers were found to be 2.48, 5.00 and 1.03 for the professional surfers; 2.18, 3.72 and 3.24 for the junior national surfers and 2.79, 3.57 and 2.42 for the intermediate surfers. Professional surfers were significantly (P < 0.01) more mesomorphic and less ectomorphic than intermediate level surfers. Significant correlations were observed between endomorphy (r = −0.399, P < 0.01), sum of six skinfolds (r = −0.341, P < 0.05), and body fat percentage (r = −0.380, P < 0.01) and the rating of ability among the intermediate group of surfers. Across all participants, the rating of surfer ability was significantly correlated with endomorphy (r = −0.366, P≤0.01), mesomorphy (r = 0.442, P < 0.01), sum of six skinfolds (r = −0.274, P < 0.05) and body fat percentage (r = −0.268, P < 0.05). Findings suggest that the levels of adiposity and muscularity may influence the potential for progression between intermediate and professional‐level surfing performance.
‘Reading’ in the digital environment
Authors: NICHOLAS David , CLARK David 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTFor ten years CIBER has been studying the logs of scholarly publishers, and what was clear from the very beginning was that scholars conducted very brief visits to websites and spent very little time reading when there, yet publishers envisaged they would dwell; and if not dwell, then at least deep read the PDF later. Yet CIBER's research points to the fact that ‘lite’ reading is in fact endemic: younger people prefer it anyway and older people are getting used to it for the speed and convenience it brings. PDFs are largely a means of archiving and collecting and are not the gold standard reading metric people think. User satisfaction comes not from a PDF but from the ability to deep dive into a site and snatch what you are interested as quickly as possible. Publishers are still not comfortable with that and this article helps explain why they have to be.
Pricing principles used by scholarly open access publishers
Authors: BJÖRK Bo‐Christer , SOLOMON David 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTThe article processing charge (APC) is currently the primary method of funding professionally published open access (OA) peer‐reviewed journals. The pricing principles of 77 OA publishers publishing over 1,000 journals using APCs were studied and classified. The most commonly used pricing method is a single fixed fee, which can either be the same for all of a publisher's journals or individually determined for each journal. Fees are usually only levied for publication of accepted papers, but there are some journals that also charge submission fees. Instead of fixed prices, many publishers charge by the page or have multi‐tiered fees depending on the length of articles. The country of origin of the author can also influence the pricing, in order to facilitate publishing for authors from developing countries.
Cognitive function in patients with decompensated heart failure: the Cognitive Impairment in Heart Failure (CogImpair‐HF) study
Authors: Kindermann Ingrid , Fischer Denise , Karbach Julia , Link Andreas , Walenta Katrin , Barth Christine , Ukena Christian , Mahfoud Felix , Köllner Volker , Kindermann Michael , Böhm Michael 
Published: March 2012

AimsThe objective of this study was to examine cognitive and psychological processes systematically in patients with decompensated chronic heart failure (CHF) and to document changes in cognitive function after compensation. Executive functions, episodic memory, and attention are impaired in patients with stable CHF, influencing health behaviour and disease management. Cognitive function and psychological co‐morbidities are associated with hospitalization, disability, and mortality.Methods and resultsCognitive performance, self‐perceived quality of life, and depression were compared in 20 patients with decompensated CHF [ejection fraction (EF) 27 ± 8%, N‐terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) 10 880 pg/mL, interquartile range (4495–13 683)] before and after compensation, 20 age‐ and gender‐matched stable CHF patients [New York Heart Assocation (NYHA) III–IV, EF 32 ± 10%, NT‐proBNP 1881 pg/mL (323–1502)], and 20 healthy controls (EF 70 ± 5%). Patients with decompensated CHF showed significantly poorer performance in terms of short‐term memory, working memory, executive control, and processing speed (P < 0.05) compared with stable CHF patients. Compensation improved the cognitive performance of decompensated CHF patients up to the level of patients with stable CHF. Compared with healthy controls, both patient groups were affected with respect to episodic memory (P < 0.0001) and fluid intelligence (P < 0.01).ConclusionDecompensated heart failure patients are highly impaired in cognitive functioning, which improves but does not normalize after compensation. Neuropsychological diagnostics delivers important details for daily life activities and might identify individuals deserving special care.
Stripe patterns and a projection-valued formulation of the eikonal equation
Authors: Peletier Mark A. , Veneroni Marco 
Published: March 2012

We describe recent work on striped patterns in a system of block copolymers. A by-product of the characterization of such patterns is a new formulation of the eikonal equation. In this formulation, the unknown is a field of projection matrices of the form
P
=
e
⊗
e
, where
e
is a unit vector field. We describe how this formulation is better adapted to the description of striped patterns than the classical eikonal equation, and illustrate this with examples.
The relationship of major depressive disorder and gender to changes in smoking for current and former smokers: longitudinal evaluation in the US population
Authors: Weinberger Andrea H. , Pilver Corey E. , Desai Rani A. , Mazure Carolyn M. , McKee Sherry A. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTAims  Although depression and smoking are correlated highly, the relationship of major depressive disorder (MDD) to smoking cessation and relapse remains unclear. This study compared changes in smoking for current and former smokers with and without current and life‐time MDD over a 3‐year period.Design  Analysis of two waves of longitudinal data from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism's National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (wave 1, 2001–02; wave 2, 2004–05).Setting  Data were collected through face‐to‐face interviews from non‐institutionalized United States civilians, aged 18 years and older, in 50 states and the District of Columbia.Participants  A total of 11 973 adults (54% male) classified as current or former daily smokers at wave 1 and completed wave 2.Measurements  Classification as current or former smokers at wave 1 and wave 2.Findings  Smoking status remained stable for most participants. Wave 1 current daily smokers with current MDD [odds ratio (OR) = 1.38, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03, 1.85] and life‐time MDD (OR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.15, 2.01) were more likely than those without the respective diagnosis to report continued smoking at wave 2. Wave 1 former daily smokers with current MDD (OR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.26, 0.76) were less likely to report continued abstinence at wave 2. None of the gender × MDD diagnosis interactions were significant. Patterns of results remained similar when analyses were limited to smokers with nicotine dependence.Conclusions  Current and life‐time major depressive disorders are associated with a lower likelihood of quitting smoking and current major depressive disorder is associated with greater likelihood of smoking relapse.
Carbohydrate but not fat is associated with elevated aminotransferases
Authors: Kwon O. W. , Jun D. W. , Lee S. M. , Lee K. N. , Lee H. L. , Lee O. Y. , Yoon B. C. , Choi H. S. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryBackgroundRecently, many studies reported that high carbohydrate and simple sugar intake increase a risk of obesity and metabolic syndrome significantly.AimTo investigate the effect of carbohydrate on aminotransferase levels in Korea, where the proportion of carbohydrate in meals is extremely high but fat is low.MethodsWe used the data of Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES). A total of 19 749 people were included. Amounts and types of consumed foods were examined by the 24 h recall method.ResultsMean carbohydrate and fat proportions in total energy intake were 67.7% and 17.4%, respectively. Aminotransferase activity increased according to the rise of the proportion of carbohydrate in the energy intake. A high carbohydrate intake (>70% of energy) was associated with abnormal aminotransferase activity and metabolic syndrome. After adjusting for covariates, such as age, energy intake and body mass index, abnormal aminotransferase activity was significantly associated with carbohydrate proportion. There was a negative correlation between fat proportion in the total energy intake and aminotransferase activity (P < 0.01). The relation between aminotransferase activity and carbohydrate composition showed a J‐shaped curve. The lowest point (the J point) was located at 50–60% carbohydrate.ConclusionsThe proportion of carbohydrate in energy intake but not fat is positively correlated with abnormal aminotransferase activity in Koreans. This finding may be useful in planning a strategy of nutrition education for NAFLD in countries where the proportion of carbohydrate in most meals is extremely high.
The impact of ulcerative colitis on the long‐term outcome of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Navaneethan U. , Venkatesh P. G. K. , Lashner B. A. , Shen B. , Kiran R. P. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryBackgroundThe impact of ulcerative colitis (UC) on the outcome of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) outcome remains unclear.AimTo investigate whether the presence of UC is associated with a worse clinical of associated PSC.MethodsA total of 222 patients with PSC (167 with UC and 55 without UC) seen and followed at a single centre from 1985 to 2011 were included. Clinical and demographic variables were obtained and patients were followed until the date of their last clinic visit.ResultsThe median age at presentation of PSC with associated UC was 38 vs. 47 years without UC (P < 0.001). At presentation, median serum bilirubin (2.1 vs. 4.5, P < 0.001) and the Mayo PSC Risk Score (0.95 vs. 1.69, P < 0.001) were lower in those with UC vs. those without UC. A total of 55 of 167 (32.9%) patients with PSC‐UC developed colon neoplasia in contrast to 1 of the 55 (1.8%) patients with PSC. (P < 0.001) On proportional hazards analysis, UC (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.90 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.60–1.34, P = 0.60] was not associated with death or orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), when adjusting for gender, Mayo risk score and year of PSC diagnosis; whereas the revised Mayo risk score [HR = 5.08, 95% CI: (2.62–9.86), P < 0.001] was associated with a greater risk of OLT or death.ConclusionsPrimary sclerosing cholangitis often is recognised at an early stage in patients with concurrent ulcerative colitis; ulcerative colitis has no impact on long‐term prognosis in terms of liver‐related outcomes when adjusted for the severity of liver disease.
The effects of liver transplantation on the clinical course of colitis in ulcerative colitis patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Navaneethan U. , Choudhary M. , Venkatesh P. G. K. , Lashner B. A. , Remzi F. H. , Shen B. , Kiran R. P. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryBackgroundThe course of ulcerative colitis (UC) following orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) for primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is unclear.AimTo investigate the clinical course of UC, before and after OLT for PSC.MethodsFrom a historical cohort of 86 patients with PSC‐UC who underwent OLT, 77 patients who were followed up at our institution both before and after OLT from 1985 to 2011 were included.ResultsUlcerative colitis was diagnosed in 77 (97.5%) patients before OLT. Nineteen of 77 (24.7%) patients underwent colectomy before OLT. In the other 58 patients, the course of UC after OLT when compared to the last 5 years before OLT was quiescent in 48 patients (82.8%) while 9/58 (15.5%) of patients underwent colectomy post‐OLT. There was a total of 97 colitis flares over a total of 621 years of follow‐up from PSC/UC diagnosis to OLT (0.156 flares per patient year) whereas post‐OLT, there were 31 flares over a total of 511 years of post‐OLT follow‐up (0.061 flares per patient year) (P < 0.001). On univariable analysis, the number of UC flares [Odds ratio (OR) 1.52; 95% Confidence interval (1.02–2.27), P = 0.04] and dysplasia [OR 47.00; 95% CI (6.48–340.66), P < 0.001] increased the risk of colectomy following OLT; the use of corticosteroids [OR 0.07; 95% CI (0.01–0.63), P = 0.008] and 5‐aminosalicylate [OR 0.18; 95% CI (0.04–0.83), P = 0.04] was protective.ConclusionsUlcerative colitis in the presence of primary sclerosing cholangitis remains quiescent, and may improve in most patients after orthotopic liver transplantation.