bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two nomograms constructed for predicting the efficacy and prognosis of advanced non‑small cell lung cancer patients treated with anti‑PD‑1 inhibitors based on the absolute counts of lymphocyte subsets
Authors: Liu Aqing , Zhang Guan , Yang Yanjie , Xia Ying , Li Wentao , Liu Yunhe , Cui Qian , Wang Dong , Yu Jianchun 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are at risk of considerable adverse events, and the ongoing struggle is to accurately identify the subset of patients who will benefit. Lymphocyte subsets play a pivotal role in the antitumor response, this study attempted to combine the absolute counts of lymphocyte subsets (ACLS) with the clinicopathological parameters to construct nomograms to accurately predict the prognosis of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC) patients treated with anti-PD-1 inhibitors.

Methods
This retrospective study included a training cohort (n = 200) and validation cohort (n = 100) with aNSCLC patients treated with anti-PD-1 inhibitors. Logistic and Cox regression were conducted to identify factors associated with efficacy and progression-free survival (PFS) respectively. Nomograms were built based on independent influencing factors, and assessed by the concordance index (C-index), calibration curve and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.

Result
In training cohort, lower baseline absolute counts of CD3+ (P < 0.001) and CD4+ (P < 0.001) were associated with for poorer efficacy. Hepatic metastases (P = 0.019) and lower baseline absolute counts of CD3+ (P < 0.001), CD4+ (P < 0.001), CD8+ (P < 0.001), and B cells (P = 0.042) were associated with shorter PFS. Two nomograms to predict efficacy at 6-week after treatment and PFS at 4-, 8- and 12-months were constructed, and validated in validation cohort. The area under the ROC curve (AUC-ROC) of nomogram to predict response was 0.908 in training cohort and 0.984 in validation cohort. The C-index of nomogram to predict PFS was 0.825 in training cohort and 0.832 in validation cohort. AUC-ROC illustrated the nomograms had excellent discriminative ability. Calibration curves showed a superior consistence between the nomogram predicted probability and actual observation.

Conclusion
We constructed two nomogram based on ACLS to help clinicians screen of patients with possible benefit and make individualized treatment decisions by accurately predicting efficacy and PFS for advanced NSCLC patient treated with anti-PD-1 inhibitors.
The packing fraction of the oxygen sublattice: its impact on the heat of mixing
Authors: Benisek Artur , Dachs Edgar 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe heat of mixing of some petrological relevant substitutions (i.e., Mg-Al, Si-Al, Mg-Ti, Mg-Ca, and Mg-Fe) was investigated systematically in silicates, titanates, tungstates, carbonates, oxides, hydroxides, and sulphates by density functional theory calculations (e.g., melilite, chlorite, biotite, brucite, cordierite, amphibole, talc, pseudobrookite, pyroxene, olivine, wadsleyite, ilmenite, MgWO4, ringwoodite (spinel), perovskite, pyrope-grossular, magnesite-calcite, MgO-CaO, anhydrous and different hydrated MgSO4). A specific substitution is characterised by different microscopic interaction energies in different minerals, e.g., the octahedral Mg-Al exchange on a single crystallographic site in pyroxene has a microscopic interaction energy that is more than twice compared to that in biotite. A comparative investigation of the heat of mixing using microscopic interaction energies on a single crystallographic site has the advantage that they are not influenced by cation ordering. They could be successfully correlated with the stiffnesses of the minerals, which in turn were scaled to the oxygen packing fraction, a parameter that is easily available for poorly investigated minerals. With this information, the interaction energies of a certain substitution can be transferred from minerals where they are well-known to mineral groups where they are less- or unknown. Using the cross-site terms and the microscopic interaction energies, the macroscopic interaction energies of the coupled substitution, e.g., Mg + Si = Al + Al, of biotite and pyroxene were calculated, which are, however, affected by cation ordering and different degrees of local charge balance, for which appropriate models are necessary.
Evapotranspiration estimation using high-resolution aerial imagery and pySEBAL for processing tomatoes
Authors: Peddinti Srinivasa Rao , Nicolas Floyid , Raij-Hoffman Iael , Kisekka Isaya 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The use of high-resolution aerial imagery for assessing actual crop evapotranspiration
$$ \left({ET}_{a}\right)$$
holds the potential to optimize the use of limited water resources in agriculture. Despite this potential, there is a shortage of information regarding the effectiveness of energy balance algorithms, initially designed for satellite remote sensing in estimating
$$ {ET}_{a}$$
using aerial imagery. This study addresses this gap by employing the remote sensing model pySEBAL (Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land) in conjunction with high-resolution aerial imagery to estimate
$$ {ET}_{a}$$
for processing tomatoes. Throughout the 2021 growing season, an aircraft captured multispectral and thermal imagery over a processing tomato field near Esparto, California, USA. Simultaneously, an eddy covariance flux tower within the field measured high-frequency turbulent fluxes and low-frequency biometeorology variables essential for evaluating the energy balance. The comprehensive assessment of energy balance components, including
$$ {ET}_{a}$$
, yielded compelling evidence that pySEBAL accurately estimated
$$ {ET}_{a}$$
at high spatial resolution. The root mean square error (RMSE) and normalized RMSE for various energy balance components were as follows: 33 W m− 2 (12%) for latent heat flux, 29 W m− 2 (35%) for sensible heat flux, 24 W m− 2 (4%) for net radiation, and 10 W m− 2 (15%) for soil heat flux. Additionally,
$$ {ET}_{a}$$
exhibited an RMSE and NRMSE of 0.26 mm d− 1 (6%). Moreover, the spatial mapping of
$$ {ET}_{a}$$
across the processing tomato field visually depicted the spatial variability associated with irrigation scheduling, crop development, areas affected by disease, and soil heterogeneity. This research underscores the value of high resolution spatial aerial imagery and pySEBAL algorithm for estimating
$$ {ET}_{a}$$
variability in the field, a crucial aspect for guiding precision irrigation management and ensuring the optimal use of limited water resources in agriculture.
Macroalgal presence decreases coral calcification rates more than ocean acidification
Authors: Isaak Ashtyn L. , Ho Maureen , Dhillon Max S. , Johnson Maggie D. , Westphal Hildegard , Doo Steve S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGlobal coral reef degradation has precipitated phase shifts toward macroalgal-dominated communities. Despite the negative repercussions for reefscapes, higher abundances of primary producers have the potential to positively impact the physicochemical environment and mitigate negative impacts of ocean acidification (OA). In this study, we investigated the influence of macroalgal (cf. Sargassum vulgare) density on coral (Acropora millepora and A. hemprichii) calcification rates under current and future OA conditions. Corals were resistant to OA up to ~ 1100 µatm, with no changes in calcification rates. However, the presence of (low and high density) algae reduced calcification rates by ~ 41.8%, suggesting either a chemical defense response due to algal metabolites or potential physical impacts from shading or abrasion. Documented beneficial buffering effects of macroalgae in OA may also elicit negative impacts on coral calcification, suggesting further work is needed to elucidate how species interactions influence responses to projected climate change.
Butyrate inhibits the malignant biological behaviors of breast cancer cells by facilitating cuproptosis-associated gene expression
Authors: Zhang Liming , Huang Shan , Yuan Ying 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Butyrate is a common short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), and it has been demonstrated to regulate the development of breast cancer (BC), while the underlying mechanism is still unreported.

Methods
Gas chromatography was used to measure the amounts of SCFA (acetate, propionate, and butyrate) in the feces. Cell viability was measured by the CCK-8 assay. The wound healing assay demonstrated cell migration, and the transwell assay demonstrated cell invasion. The levels of protein and gene were determined by western blot assay and RT-qPCR assay, respectively.

Results
The levels of SCFA were lower in the faecal samples from BC patients compared to control samples. In cellular experiments, butyrate significantly suppressed the cell viability, migration and invasion of T47D in a dose-dependent manner. In animal experiments, butyrate effectively impeded the growth of BC tumors. Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) was highly expressed in the tumors from BC patients. Butyrate inhibited the expression of TLR4. In addition, butyrate promoted the expression of cuproptosis-related genes including PDXK (pyridoxal kinase) and SLC25A28 (solute carrier family 25 member 28), which was lowly expressed in BC tumors. Importantly, overexpression of TLR4 can reverses the promotion of butyrate to PDXK and SLC25A28 expression and the prevention of butyrate to the malignant biological behaviors of T47D cells.

Conclusion
In summary, butyrate inhibits the development of BC by facilitating the expression of PDXK and SLC25A28 through inhibition of TLR4. Our investigation first identified a connection among butyrate, TLR4 and cuproptosis-related genes in BC progression. These findings may provide novel target for the treatment of BC.
lncRNA CDKN2B-AS1 regulates collagen expression
Authors: Shi Weiwei , Song Jiahui , Weiner January Mikolaj , Chopra Avneesh , Dommisch Henrik , Beule Dieter , Schaefer Arne S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe long noncoding RNA CDKN2B-AS1 harbors a major coronary artery disease risk haplotype, which is also associated with progressive forms of the oral inflammatory disease periodontitis as well as myocardial infarction (MI). Despite extensive research, there is currently no broad consensus on the function of CDKN2B-AS1 that would explain a common molecular role of this lncRNA in these diseases. Our aim was to investigate the role of CDKN2B-AS1 in gingival cells to better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the increased risk of progressive periodontitis. We downregulated CDKN2B-AS1 transcript levels in primary gingival fibroblasts with LNA GapmeRs. Following RNA-sequencing, we performed differential expression, gene set enrichment analyses and Western Blotting. Putative causal alleles were searched by analyzing associated DNA sequence variants for changes of predicted transcription factor binding sites. We functionally characterized putative functional alleles using luciferase-reporter and antibody electrophoretic mobility shift assays in gingival fibroblasts and HeLa cells. Of all gene sets analysed, collagen biosynthesis was most significantly upregulated (Padj=9.7 × 10− 5 (AUC > 0.65) with the CAD and MI risk gene COL4A1 showing strongest upregulation of the enriched gene sets (Fold change = 12.13, Padj = 4.9 × 10− 25). The inflammatory “TNFA signaling via NFKB” gene set was downregulated the most (Padj=1 × 10− 5 (AUC = 0.60). On the single gene level, CAPNS2, involved in extracellular matrix organization, was the top upregulated protein coding gene (Fold change = 48.5, P < 9 × 10− 24). The risk variant rs10757278 altered a binding site of the pathogen responsive transcription factor STAT1 (P = 5.8 × 10− 6). rs10757278-G allele reduced STAT1 binding 14.4% and rs10757278-A decreased luciferase activity in gingival fibroblasts 41.2% (P = 0.0056), corresponding with GTEx data. CDKN2B-AS1 represses collagen gene expression in gingival fibroblasts. Dysregulated collagen biosynthesis through allele-specific CDKN2B-AS1 expression in response to inflammatory factors may affect collagen synthesis, and in consequence tissue barrier and atherosclerotic plaque stability.
Classification of Width 1 Lattice Tetrahedra by Their Multi-Width
Authors: Hamm Girtrude 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe introduce the multi-width of a lattice polytope and use this to classify and count all lattice tetrahedra with multi-width $$(1,w_2,w_3)$$

(
1
,

w
2

,

w
3

)

. The approach used in this classification can be extended into a computer algorithm to classify lattice tetrahedra of any given multi-width. We use this to classify tetrahedra with multi-width $$(2,w_2,w_3)$$

(
2
,

w
2

,

w
3

)

for small $$w_2$$

w
2

and $$w_3$$

w
3

and make conjectures about the function counting lattice tetrahedra of any multi-width.
Numerical study on guided-wave reflection and transmission at water pipe joint using hybrid finite element method
Authors: Maruyama Taizo , Matsuo Taisei , Nakahata Kazuyuki 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study investigates guided-wave reflection and transmission at a water pipe joint. The system comprises a linearly elastic pipe filled with water with a joint that is modeled as a discontinuity of the solid region. Wave reflection and transmission are solved using the finite element method (FEM) with radiation conditions for reflected and transmitted guided waves into infinite waveguides. For the radiation conditions, the reflected and transmitted waves are expressed by modal expansion using the semi-analytical finite-element (SAFE) dispersion analysis method. This study extends the hybrid SAFE-FEM to the coupled fluid–solid axisymmetric problem. Numerical results demonstrate that the hybrid SAFE-FEM provides sufficiently accurate solutions. The propagation modes, similar to the modes in a solid pipe, are strongly or perfectly reflected by the joint. However, the modes are transmitted through the joint with little scattering after they converge to the modes in a water bar. The crossing of dispersion curves with those for modes in a solid pipe causes mode conversion and induces scattering attenuation.
Measures of financial toxicity in cancer survivors: a systematic review
Authors: Thomy L. B. , Crichton M. , Jones L. , Yates P. M. , Hart N. H. , Collins L. G. , Chan R. J. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Comprehensive cancer-related financial toxicity (FT) measures as a multidimensional construct are lacking. The aims of this systematic review were to (1) identify full measures designed explicitly for assessing FT and evaluate their psychometric properties (content validity, structural validity, reliability, and other measurement properties) using Consensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN), and (2) provide an analysis of the domains of FT covered in these measures.

Methods
MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched for quantitative studies published from January 2000 to July 2023 that reported psychometric properties of FT measures in cancer survivors. The psychometric properties of FT measures and study risk of bias were analysed using COSMIN. Each FT measure was compared against the six domains of FT recommended by Witte and colleagues. Results were synthesized narratively. The detailed search strategies are available in Table S1.

Results
Six FT tools including the COST-FACIT, PROFFIT, FIT, SFDQ, HARDS, and ENRICh-Spanish were identified. The COST-FACIT measure had good measurement properties. No measure reached an excellent level for overall quality but was mostly rated as sufficient. The SFDQ, HARDS, and ENRICh-Spanish were the most comprehensive in the inclusion of the six domains of FT.

Conclusion
This review emphasizes the need for validated multidimensional FT measures that can be applied across various cancer types, healthcare settings, and cultural backgrounds. Furthermore, a need to develop practical screening tools with high predictive ability for FT is highly important, considering the significant consequences of FT. Addressing these gaps in future research will further enhance the understanding of FT.
Integrating fuzzy metrics and negation operator in FCM algorithm via genetic algorithm for MRI image segmentation
Authors: Kutlu Fatih , Ayaz İbrahim , Garg Harish 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this study, we redefine FCM algorithm by integrating fuzzy set theory, fuzzy metrics, and Sugeno negation principles. This innovative approach overcomes the limitations inherent in conventional machine learning models, especially in situations characterized by uncertainty, noise, and ambiguity. Our model utilizes the membership degrees from fuzzy set theory, and transforms the concept of proximity defined by fuzzy metrics into a minimization problem. This transformation is achieved using a linguistic negation operator, which is crucial for optimizing FCM algorithm's objective function. A significant innovation in our research is the use of GA for optimizing parameters within the contexts of fuzzy metrics and Sugeno negation. The precise optimization capabilities of GA greatly enhance the sensitivity and adaptability of FCM algorithm, thereby improving overall performance. By leveraging the meticulous parameter adjustments provided by GA, our approach has shown superior results in practical applications, such as brain MRI image segmentation, surpassing traditional methods. Experimental results highlight the considerable enhancements our proposed FCM algorithms bring over existing methods across various performance metrics. In conclusion, this study makes a valuable addition to the field of fuzzy-based machine learning methodologies. It combines the optimization strength of GA with the flexible classification capabilities of fuzzy logic. The integration of Sugeno negation and fuzzy metrics not only improves the accuracy and precision of FCM algorithm but also provides significant benefits in handling complex and ambiguous datasets. This research signifies a major advance in machine learning and fuzzy logic, setting the stage for future applications and studies.
Effectiveness of the flash glucose monitoring system in preventing severe hypoglycemic episodes and in improving glucose metrics and quality of life in subjects with type 1 diabetes at high risk of acute diabetes complications
Authors: Dei Cas Alessandra , Aldigeri Raffaella , Bellei Giulia , Raffaeli Davide , Di Bartolo Paolo , Sforza Alessandra , Marchesini Giulio , Ciardullo Anna Vittoria , Manicardi Valeria , Bianco Maurizio , Monesi Marcello , Vacirca Anna , Cimicchi Maria Cristina , Sordillo Paola Anna , Altini Mattia , Fantuzzi Federica , Bonadonna Riccardo C ,   for the Flash-glucose monitoring Emilia Romagna Regional network, Magotti Maria Grazia , Haddoub Silvia , Turola Elena , Di Seclì Clelia , Ugolotti Diletta , Marchignoli Francesca , Petroni Maria Letizia , Laffi Gilberto , D’Urso Rossella , Malchiodi Elena , Manicardi Elisa , Bonilauri Lisa , Manini Rita , Farabegoli Costanza , Scolozzi Patrizia 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Aims
To assess the effectiveness of the intermittent-scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM) system in preventing severe hypoglycemic episodes and in improving glucose parameters and quality of life.

Methods
Four hundred T1D individuals were enrolled in a prospective real-word study with an intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring device during the 12-months follow-up. The primary endpoint was the incidence of severe hypoglycemic events.

Results
82% of subjects were naïve to the use of the device (group A) and 18% were already wearing the system (group B). The cumulative incidence of severe hypoglycemia (SH) at 12 months was 12.06 per 100 person-year (95% CI: 8.35–16.85) in group A and 10.14 (95% CI: 4.08–20.90) in group B without inter-group differences. In group A there was a significant decrease in SH at 12 months compared to 3 months period (p = 0.005). Time in glucose range significantly increased in both groups accompanied with a significant decrease in glucose variability. HbA1c showed a progressive significant time-dependent decrease in group A. The use of the device significantly improved the perceived quality of life.

Conclusion
This study confirmed the effectiveness of the isCGM in reducing hypoglycemic risk without glucose deterioration, with potential benefits on adverse outcomes in T1D individuals.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov registration no. NCT04060732.
Does botulinum toxin affect psycho-social aspects in dystonia?
Authors: Marfoli Angelica , Mameli Francesca , Aiello Edoardo Nicolò , Ruggiero Fabiana , Sandi Angelica De , Mellace Denise , Curti Beatrice , Vimercati Roberto , Poletti Barbara , Ticozzi Nicola , Chieffo Daniela , Santangelo Gabriella , Barbieri Sergio , Priori Alberto , Ferrucci Roberta 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDystonia is a movement disorder in which sustained muscle contractions give rise to abnormal postures or involuntary movements. It is a disabling and disfiguring disorder that affects activities of daily living and gives people a bizarre appearance often associated with psychological morbidity, embarrassment and social avoidance. Intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin (BoNT) is the most effective treatment for motor symptoms in focal dystonia, but little is known about its impact on the psycho-social dimension. The main aim of this study was to evaluate psycho-social changes in patients with focal dystonia after starting BoNT treatment using self-reported scales. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), the Body Uneasiness Test (BUT), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) assessing body self-image, satisfaction with physical aspects, social avoidance, self-reported depression, and self-distress were completed by 11 patients with dystonia and 9 patients with hyperhidrosis as a control group before BoNT (T0). VAS was then performed after four weeks (T1) to assess whether BoNT induced changes in the psychosocial dimension. Our results showed that only depressive symptoms and rumination about body defects improved in patients with dystonia after BoNT treatment, while improvement in self-distress and satisfaction with physical aspects was also found in hyperhidrosis. Individuals with hyperhidrosis experience poorer psychological well-being and suffer from higher levels of distress compared to dystonic patients. This suggests that individuals with this disabling condition are more vulnerable to social impact than dystonic patients.
A survey on hybrid transactional and analytical processing
Authors: Song Haoze , Zhou Wenchao , Cui Heming , Peng Xiang , Li Feifei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTo provide applications with the ability to analyze fresh data and eliminate the time-consuming ETL workflow, hybrid transactional and analytical (HTAP) systems have been developed to serve online transaction processing and online analytical processing workloads in a single system. In recent years, HTAP systems have attracted considerable interest from both academia and industry. Several new architectures and technologies have been proposed. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of these HTAP systems. We review recently published papers and technical reports in this field and broadly classify existing HTAP systems into two categories based on their data formats: monolithic and hybrid HTAP. We further classify hybrid HTAP into four sub-categories based on their storage architecture: row-oriented, column-oriented, separated, and hybrid. Based on such a taxonomy, we outline each stream’s design challenges and performance issues (e.g., the contradictory format demand for monolithic HTAP). We then discuss potential solutions and their trade-offs by reviewing noteworthy research findings. Finally, we summarize emerging HTAP applications, benchmarks, future trends, and open problems.