bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐objective optimization design of a micro‐channel heat sink using adaptive genetic algorithm
Authors: Baodong Shao , Lifeng Wang , Jianyun Li , Heming Cheng 
Published: March 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to show how, with a view to the shortcomings of traditional optimization methods, a multi‐objective optimization concerning the structure sizes of micro‐channel heat sink is performed by adaptive genetic algorithm. The optimized micro‐channel heat sink is simulated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method, and the total thermal resistance is calculated to compare with that of thermal resistance network model.Design/methodology/approachTaking the thermal resistance and the pressure drop as goal functions, a multi‐objective optimization model was proposed for the micro‐channel cooling heat sink based on the thermal resistance network model. The coupled solution of the flow and heat transfer is considered in the optimization process, and the aim of the procedure is to find the geometry most favorable to simultaneously maximize heat transfer while obtaining a minimum pressure drop. The optimized micro‐channel heat sink was numerically simulated by CFD software.FindingsThe results of optimization show that the base convection thermal resistance contributes to maximum the total thermal resistance, and base conduction thermal resistance contributes to least. The width of optimized micro‐channel and fin are 197 and 50 μm, respectively, and the corresponding total thermal resistance of the whole micro‐channel heat sink is 0.838 K/W, which agrees well with the analysis result of thermal resistance network model.Research limitations/implicationsThe convection heat transfer coefficient is calculated approximately here for convenience, and that may induce some errors.Originality/valueThe maximum difference in temperature of the optimized micro‐channel cooling heat sink is 84.706 K, which may satisfy the requirement for removal of high heat flux in new‐generation chips. The numerical simulation results are also presented, and the results of numerical simulation show that the optimized micro‐channel heat sink can enhance thermal transfer performance.
Leading after a crisis
Authors: O'Callaghan Shaun 
Published: March 2011

PurposeShaun O'Callaghan draws on work from book: Turnaround Leadership, which gives managers and leaders the tools they need to make decisions that will help them to lead and motivate their staff, and better communicate with customers, investors, lenders and teams.Design/methodology/approachExamines the steps that have to be taken in order to successfully lead in times of crisis.FindingsIn the normal course of business, a leader is constantly making and trying to deliver on a set of promises to key stakeholders. The choices of what promises to make and, critically, the delivery against those promises is the fundamental core of what a business does. In many ways, you could say that the principal role of a leader is to make, balance and deliver business promises.Practical implicationOffers a practical guide to making decisions and managing stakeholders when business conditions become tough.Originality/valueWhen things go badly wrong, it is your role, as leader, to decide what promises (if any) you make, and to which of your stakeholders. In periods of disruptive change, people crave more certainty, even when you can probably provide less. In these circumstances, it is important to consider a 360 degree view of the problem, including the perspectives of your customers, investors, lenders, employees and suppliers. What do they really need to know and want to hear? This will help you to devise, communicate and deliver a successful recovery plan and make promises that balance.
Businesses must “adapt or die”, warns industry expert
Authors: Mayson Stephen 
Published: March 2011

PurposeDiscusses the need for businesses to adapt or die. This theme was explored at a pro.manchester – the membership organisation for the financial and professional services sector – meeting held in 2010.Design/methodology/approachBy way of example, this article describes how changes, brought about by irreversible economic and technical developments, are about to transform the predominantly conservative legal industry.FindingsThe thought leaders in every business need to wake up one morning soon, clear their desks, take the phone off the hook, hang out the “NOT NOW” sign and ask themselves why their business is where it is, doing what it does and where it will be in three/five years' time.Practical implicationsThe authors have all stepped into a new economic and technological landscape where most of the accepted goalposts seem to have moved. This article gives advice on what CEOs can be doing about it?Originality/valueProfessor Stephen Mayson is a leading strategic adviser and business coach. He serves on the Legal Services Board's research strategy group, the Solicitors Regulation Authority's ABS (Alternative Business Structures) reference group, he has a PhD in law firm valuation, is a fellow of the College of Law Practice Management, and is the director of the Legal Services Institute at the College of Law.
Theoretical framework of strategic behaviors in Thai contractors
Authors: Hastheetham Arthasith , Hadikusumo Bonaventura H.W. 
Published: March 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the differences of the influence of implication of perceptions of business environment on Thai contractors' strategic behaviors and strategic performances.Design/methodology/approachUsing a case study methodology, the paper extensively documents nine case studies interviewing the CEOs or senior executives, functional managers, senior project managers, and some of their clients regarding research questions developed from strategy theories with evidence that has appeared in various strategy researches in construction.FindingA generic theoretical framework of contractor's strategic alignment has been developed to address different strategic alignments illustrating an interaction between implication of perceptions of business environment, strategic behaviors, and strategic performances.Practical implicationsThis generic framework can systematically help Thai contractors in improving strategic behaviors and yield better strategic performance. The findings can also be applied to contractors in other developing countries.Originality/valueThis paper is a strategic management study in construction that holistically emphasizes the customer and the firm as the key instead of solely emphasizing the project. The study in this area is slowly gaining recognition in the construction industry.
Approaches to managing global sourcing risk
Authors: Christopher Martin , Mena Carlos , Khan Omera , Yurt Oznur 
Published: March 2011

PurposeGlobal sourcing can bring many benefits to organisations, but it can also expose them to a number of risks. The purpose of this study is to understand how managers assess global sourcing risks across the entire supply chain and what actions they take to mitigate those risks.Design/methodology/approachA multiple case study approach was used, involving 15 cases in seven different industries. Each case consisted of interviews with managers directly involved in the global sourcing decision, supported by documentary evidence. A cross‐case analysis was conducted to analyse patterns across different industries.FindingsThe study revealed that most companies do not have a structured supply chain risk management and mitigation system. Nevertheless they do use a number of informal approaches to cope with risk. The paper proposes that a multidisciplinary approach is required when dealing with global sourcing risks. It presents a classification of risks covering four categories: supply risk, process and control risks, environmental and sustainability risks, and demand risks.Originality/valueThe paper addresses a research gap concerning managers' approaches to assessing and mitigating supply chain risk in a global context. In this context, this study proposes a new categorisation for global sourcing risks and offers a characterisation of global sourcing risk mitigation strategies applicable to different industries.
A method to compare supply chains of an industry
Authors: Jalalvand F. , Teimoury E. , Makui A. , Aryanezhad M.B. , Jolai F. 
Published: March 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop a method to compare supply chains (SCs) of an industry in the scope of supplier's supplier to customer's customer.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed method is based on five processes provided in SCOR model version 9.0 (plan, source, make, deliver and return) and main business stages of the industry. It uses Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and PROMETHEE II, a multiple criteria decision‐making technique, as tools to compare SCs in the process level, business stage level and SC level. Therefore, the method is basically a new combination of existing models and methods including SCOR model, DEA and PROMETHEE II. To show the applicability and strength of the method in comparing SCs, it has been implemented in the seven SCs of the Iran broiler industry as a case study.FindingsComparing SCs of an industry via the proposed method results in process benchmarking, business stage benchmarking and SCs ranking in the scope of supplier's supplier to customer's customer.Originality/valueThe suggested method provides realistic and attainable information for SCs' owner/managers to find out the strengths and weaknesses of their SCs and improve their performance by process benchmarking and business stage benchmarking. Also they could identify their competitive position in the industry by SCs ranking.
How standards compete: comparative impact of coffee certification schemes in Northern Nicaragua
Authors: Ruben Ruerd , Zuniga Guillermo 
Published: March 2011

PurposeSmallholder farmers are increasingly subject to different types of standards that offer specific conditions for their market incorporation. The proliferation of private and voluntary (civic) standards raises questions regarding their impact on farmers' welfare and their role in the upgrading of value chains. This paper aims to address this issue.Design/methodology/approachBased on extensive fieldwork and careful matching of 315 farmers in Northern Nicaragua who produce coffee under Fair Trade, Rainforest Alliance and Café Practices labels or deliver to independent traders, the effects on income, production and investments are compared. Moreover, the implications of different contract conditions for risk behaviour, organizational force, loyalty and gender attitudes are assessed.FindingsThe paper finds that Fair Trade provides better prices compared with independent producers, but private labels out‐compete Fair Trade in terms of yield and quality performance. While Fair Trade can be helpful to support initial market incorporation, private labels offer more suitable incentives for quality upgrading.Research limitations/implicationsCivic standards exhibit major effects on local institutions' and farmers' behaviour, while B2B standards are more effective for improving production and management practices. Dynamic improvement standards may bridge the gap between both.Practical implicationsFair Trade standards are useful to provide initial market access to small‐holders, but private standards offer better prospects for subsequent quality upgrading.Originality/valueThis is the first large‐scale comparative impact assessment of coffee standards that delivers unbiased empirical results.
Ethical procurement strategies for International Aid Non‐Government Organisations
Authors: Wild Nigel , Zhou Li 
Published: March 2011

PurposeThe objective this paper is to develop and describe a conceptual framework for collaborative Ethical Procurement Due Diligence (EPDD) between International Aid Non‐Government Organisations (IANGOs) in Humanitarian Supply Chains (HSCs). Second, to explore EPDD relationships with IANGOs, IANGOs and their suppliers, IANGOs and their suppliers' suppliers, donors, IANGOs and IANGO suppliers.Design/methodology/approachThe approach takes the form of qualitative research in the shape of a number of in‐depth interviews, and the collection of secondary information across 11 IANGO organisations with senior logistics and purchasing managers.FindingsSupply chain co‐opetition strategies are being enacted by IANGOs to explore the formulation of EPDD. Concerns surrounding ethical risk in HSCs differ from commercial supply chains (CSCs) in relation to NGO relationships with donors and supplier networks. EPDD by IANGOs beyond the first tier of suppliers in HSCs is limited to Lead IANGO(s).Research limitations/implicationsThe case study approach adopted restricts the generality of findings; however, the research explores ethical behaviour in a new direction, that of IANGOs in HSCs, and their relationships with donors and supplier networks. This has implications for the management of ethical risk strategies in HSCs.Practical implicationsThe paper determines barriers and enablers to collaboration between NGOs and as such assists in the process of developing risk‐rating systems for ethical procurement in NGO HSCs.Originality/valueThis is the first study to investigate the issues surrounding collaborative ethical procurement in IANGO HSCs, and associated ethical procurement risk management strategies in relation to donors and supplier networks.
Natural hedging as a risk prophylaxis and supplier financing instrument in automotive supply chains
Authors: Hofmann Erik 
Published: March 2011

PurposeSupply chain risks significantly endanger small and medium‐sized enterprise (SME‐) suppliers in different currency areas in purchasing and sales. The purpose of this paper is twofold: to describe the concept of natural hedging in supply chains, and to highlight the potentials of natural hedging as a risk prophylaxis and a supplier financing approach.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses a brief literature review and a conceptual research design, taking the financial and physical component of natural hedging (in this case between an OEM and its SME‐suppliers in the automotive industry) into consideration.FindingsNatural hedging of currency and commodity price fluctuations can contribute to the reduction of SME‐suppliers' supply chain vulnerability, also benefiting an OEM.Research limitations/implicationsThis research focuses exclusively on relationships between SME‐suppliers and large OEMs in the automotive industry. Studies of other types of companies and industries, such as the capital goods industry, might reveal divergent practices.Practical implicationsWith the natural hedging approach, the paper promotes an innovative concept for better managing risks in supply chains, especially in recessionary times. The concept is a source for supplier financing.Originality/valueThis research shows that a globally active focal firm – an OEM in the automotive industry, for instance – can hedge currency and commodity price risks (financial components), as well as operational supply risks (physical components), by centralizing commodity supply with its SME‐suppliers. It can serve as a basis for future research.
Embedding “insights from industry” in supply chain programmes: the role of guest lecturers
Authors: van Hoek Remko , Godsell Janet , Harrison Alan 
Published: March 2011

PurposeGuest lecturers (GLs) are a popular mechanism for transferring insights from industry into supply chain programmes. With a scarcity of capable supply chain (SC) talent in today's labour market, there is real value in executives contributing to SC programmes at schools and universities. By guest lecturing they can “light the fire” in students about how exciting the field and practice are and how much potential there is in considering a career in SC management. Students on SC programmes can be shown part of the way towards modern SC practice for which there is a real need for more talent. However, it may be difficult to ensure GL effectiveness; it is neither the executive's job nor his/her profession and academics often find it hard to recruit GLs.Design/methodology/approachBased on the hands‐on experience of GLs and academics from multiple backgrounds, this paper develops both a framework that can help ensure effective use of the GL, and 11 specific tips and suggestions for recruiting and using GLs in SC programmes.FindingsIt was found that there are more creative ways to use GLs in programmes than typically considered, as well as a wider recruitment of different types of GL than those most commonly sought after and most hard to recruit.Originality/valueThis paper aims to assist educators in curriculum development and to help to ensure that, when executives offer up scarce time and experience, they maximise the impact of their service.
Notions for the successful management of the supply chain: learning with Carrefour in Spain and Carrefour in China
Authors: Cambra‐Fierro Jesús , Ruiz‐Benítez Rocío 
Published: March 2011

PurposeThis paper proposes a framework that considers some key concepts to design and manage supply chains in both national and international contexts. For a better understanding, it is intended to illustrate this framework with the case of Carrefour in both Spain and China.Design/methodology/approachIn the form of a case study the paper explains global strategies in both countries. The paper also discusses similarities and differences in the supply chain management in both contexts.FindingsThe paper found application of core SCM concepts to a leader distribution firm. “Thinking global and acting local” is also pertinent to application in the management of supply chains.Practical implicationsManagers may identify key processes and consider the possible contributions of each to the efficiency of their own chains. This case study could be also used as an example of the successful management of the supply chain of a company leader in its sector.Originality/valueThe present paper illustrates a leader company based on real data.
Measuring police impact on organised crime
Authors: Mackenzie Simon , Hamilton‐Smith Niall 
Published: March 2011

PurposeThis paper aims to analyse and critique common performance indicators for the policing of organised crime, and to propose a new approach.Design/methodology/approachThis paper was based on key respondent interviews with staff at an organised crime‐policing agency; literature review; analytical work and construction of a new model.FindingsKPIs and other targets drive the policing of organised crime. Often these ultimately constitute numerical targets – amount of drugs seized; number of key nominals arrested, etc. – which are crude and which the research evidence base on the reduction or prevention of organised crime activity does not support as being suitable measures of success. Success in contemporary organised crime policing is increasingly becoming defined in terms of “harm reduction” (often at the “community level”). A new performance management framework for organised crime‐policing agencies is proposed, which is more sensitive than traditional measures to harm reduction. The proposed model comprises three components: programme logic; a pathway approach; and the use of evaluation panels.Research limitations/implicationsThe empirical research was only conducted in one organised crime agency and therefore provides a case study approach to performance management. The literature review suggests that the performance management framework of that agency was similar to other comparable agencies around the world, but more comparative research would be needed to confirm that. The model proposed would benefit from piloting and evaluation.Practical implicationsThe analysis and modelling provided in this paper create the groundwork for the development of more effective performance indicators and targets in organised crime policing.Originality/valueThis lies in the attempt to tie business model drivers into policing that is more sensitive to reducing the adverse social outcomes of organised crime than traditional drivers that tend to create formal, rather than substantive, police interventions.
Effects of officers' cynicism and their perception of managerial leadership on COP activities among South Korean police officers
Authors: Lee Chang‐Hun , Moon Junseob 
Published: March 2011

PurposeThe purpose of the current study is to address limitations identified in the literature on officers' attitudes and their effects on community policing activity. Prior studies are limited in that attitudes toward COP strategy were treated as outcome variables and that factors affecting officers' attitudes were under‐investigated. The current study employed officers' attitudes toward individual and departmental policing as well as perception of community relationship to investigate path mechanisms among these exogenous variables and their direct and indirect effects on COP activity.Design/methodology/approachThe data utilized for structural equation modeling were collected from 206 South Korean police officers, who were designated as COP officers or who were under COP training at the time of the survey. Variables were measured by an organizational survey developed by the Michigan Regional Community Policing Institute. Based on results of the literature review, a hypothesized structural model was proposed and tested to identify a best‐fitting model, explaining the greatest amount of variance in COP activity.FindingsThe results of SEM indicated that officers' positive attitude toward managerial leadership was one of the direct influences on COP activity, and cynicism toward departmental policing and its effectiveness directly and negatively influenced COP activity. In addition, cynicism was negatively influenced by community ownership and job satisfaction, and it in turn negatively influenced commitment to COP. Finally, community ownership directly and positively influenced strategic commitment among South Korean police officers.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough the current study utilized data collected from a random sample, the number of data are relatively small, so as to make generalization of the findings to the entire population of South Korean police departments.Originality/valueThe current study investigated attitudinal factors that have not been examined in previous studies on COP implementation. In addition, using SEM, the current study attempted to identify a path mechanism among various attitudinal variables relevant to COP activity.