bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic importance of modified geriatric nutritional risk index in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Tsai Yao-Te , Tsai Ming-Hsien , Chang Geng-He , Tsai Ming-Shao , Huang Ethan I. , Lu Chang-Hsien , Hsu Cheng-Ming , Lai Chia-Hsuan , Liao Chun-Ta , Kang Chung-Jan , Lee Yi-Chan , Tsai Yuan-Hsiung , Fang Ku-Hao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe probed the associations of preoperative modified geriatric nutritional risk index (mGNRI) values with prognosis in patients receiving surgery for oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC). This retrospective study analyzed the clinical data of 333 patients with OCSCC and undergoing surgery between 2008 and 2017. The preoperative mGNRI was calculated using the following formula: (14.89/C-reactive protein level) + 41.7 × (actual body weight/ideal body weight). We executed receiver operating characteristic curve analyses to derive the optimal mGNRI cutoff and employed Kaplan–Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazard model to probe the associations of the mGNRI with overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). The optimal mGNRI cutoff was derived to be 73.3. We noted the 5-year OS and DFS rates to be significantly higher in the high-mGNRI group than in the low-mGNRI group (both p < 0.001). A preoperative mGNRI below 73.3 was independently associated with unfavorable DFS and OS. A mGNRI-based nomogram was constructed to provide accurate OS predictions (concordance index, 0.781). Hence, preoperative mGNRI is a valuable and cost-effective prognostic biomarker in patients with OCSCC. Our nomogram facilitates the practical use of mGNRI and offers individualized predictions of OS.
Calculating torque, back-EMF, inductance, and unbalanced magnetic force for a hybrid electrical vehicle by in-wheel drive application
Authors: Hosseinpour Alireza , Rahideh Akbar , Abbas Ahmed , Iqbal Atif , El-Bayeh Claude Ziad , Flah Aymen , Ali Enas , Ghaly Ramy N. R. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
To use a Hybrid Excitation Synchronous Machine (HESM) in a hybrid electrical vehicle (HEV), its performance indicators such as back-EMF, inductance and unbalanced magnetic force should be computed preferably by an analytical method. First, the back-EMF is calculated by considering alternate-teeth and all-teeth non-overlapping and overlapping windings. The effects of three types of magnetization patterns including the radial, parallel and Halbach magnetizations on the back-EMF waveform have also been investigated. Then, the self-inductance of the stator and rotor windings, the mutual inductance between the stator and rotor windings, and the mutual inductance between the stator phases are computed. Next, the components of the unbalanced magnetic force (UMF) in the direction of the x and y axes and its amplitude are computed. Moreover, the effects of the magnetization patterns on those magnetic pulls are investigated. To minimize the UMFs, symmetry must be implemented in the excitation sources; therefore, first the stator winding then the permanent magnet and rotor winding are modified in such a way that the UMFs are reduced. Increasing the temperature leads to a weakening of the magnet’s residual flux density, which strongly affects the performance characteristics of the electric machine such as Back-EMF and UMF. Finally, the ratio of the permanent magnet flux to the rotor flux is determined in such a way that the average torque is maximized. In this section, the effects of three magnetization patterns will be investigated.
Improving the operational durability of tangential-rotary picks for rock cutting with central spraying and hydrodynamic rotation
Authors: Cheluszka Piotr , Mikuła Stanisław , Mikuła Jarosław , Fries Jiří 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis article presents a proposal for a new solution of tangential-rotary picks intended for mining, especially hard rocks with roadheaders. The design of these picks is characterized by many innovative solutions aimed at significantly increasing their service life. The method to achieve this goal is to provide effective central spraying of the ring tip picks, crown picks, or similar types of picks while using the spray water to cause the picks to rotate as they contact the rock being mined. An important element of the work is to conduct extensive simulation studies using FEM to determine the stress distribution in the pick shank subjected to external load from cutting. The new design of the tangential-rotary pick is equipped with a reinforcing sleeve, in which a state of compressive stress is induced. This enables a significant improvement in the fatigue strength of the pick shanks. The conducted FEM comparative tests confirm the accuracy of the adopted design assumptions. They also determine the beneficial value of the tension nut torque, which tightens the reinforcing sleeve located on the pick shank.
Equivalent consumption minimization strategy based on global optimization of equivalent factor for hybrid tractor
Authors: Zhu Zhen , Zhang Yihan , Zhang Hongwei , Wang Dehai , Chen Long 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDue to the increase in emission requirements for non-road vehicles in many countries and the reduction of agricultural personnel, tractors are developing towards high horsepower and electrification. According to the working conditions of high-horsepower tractors, a hydromechanical continuously variable transmission (HMCVT) is designed for hybrid tractors. Taking a tractor equipped with this transmission as the research object, an equivalent factor global optimization model was established and a genetic algorithm was used to optimize the equivalent factor S offline to obtain the optimal equivalent factor of the tractor under different operating mileage and the initial state of charge (SOC) of battery. By using the optimized equivalent factor, the tractor can be in the charge depleting (CD) mode for a longer time on the premise of making full use of the energy in the battery, so as to improve the auxiliary ability of the motor in the whole operation cycle to reduce the fuel consumption of the tractor. The effectiveness of the control strategy is verified by MATLAB/Simulink and hardware in the loop (HIL) tests, and the fuel economy of tractors is improved by 2.939% and 3.909% respectively in the two tests.
A reanalysis and integration of transcriptomics and proteomics datasets unveil novel drug targets for Mekong schistosomiasis
Authors: Thawornkuno Charin , Srisuksai Krittika , Simanon Nattapon , Adisakwattana Poom , Ampawong Sumate , Boonyuen Usa , Limpanont Yanin , Chusongsang Phiraphol , Chusongsang Yupa , Kiangkoo Nuttapohn , Reamtong Onrapak 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSchistosomiasis, caused by Schistosoma trematodes, is a significant global health concern, particularly affecting millions in Africa and Southeast Asia. Despite efforts to combat it, the rise of praziquantel (PZQ) resistance underscores the need for new treatment options. Protein kinases (PKs) are vital in cellular signaling and offer potential as drug targets. This study focused on focal adhesion kinase (FAK) as a candidate for anti-schistosomal therapy. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of adult S. mekongi worms identified FAK as a promising target due to its upregulation and essential role in cellular processes. Molecular docking simulations assessed the binding energy of FAK inhibitors to Schistosoma FAK versus human FAK. FAK inhibitor 14 and PF-03814735 exhibited strong binding to Schistosoma FAK with minimal binding for human FAK. In vitro assays confirmed significant anti-parasitic activity against S. mekongi, S. mansoni, and S. japonicum, comparable to PZQ, with low toxicity in human cells, indicating potential safety. These findings highlight FAK as a promising target for novel anti-schistosomal therapies. However, further research, including in vivo studies, is necessary to validate efficacy and safety before clinical use. This study offers a hopeful strategy to combat schistosomiasis and reduce its global impact.
Different clinical course of BPPV according to the medical conditions
Authors: Lee Jeon Mi , Lee Hyun Jin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDizziness is one of the most prevalent complaints in medicine, and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) accounts for one-third of all cases. The present study was aimed at identifying differences in the course and prognosis of BPPV depending on the patient’s medical condition during hospitalization. Patients in group 1 were hospitalized due to trauma, those in group 2 for scheduled surgery, and those in group 3 for medical treatment. The intervals from admission to symptom onset, surgery to symptom onset, and symptom onset to ENT department referral were compared. The interval from admission to symptom onset was shortest in group 1 (3.1 ± 8.0 days) and differed significantly from that in group 3 (20.0 ± 35.0 days, p < 0.001). The interval from surgery to symptom onset for group 2 was 5.6 ± 5.8 days and was significantly shorter than that from admission to symptom onset for group 3 (p = 0.014). The interval from symptom onset to ENT referral in group 3 (2.0 ± 2.8 days) was significantly shorter than in groups 1 and 2 (4.1 ± 5.1 and 4.0 ± 3.6 days, p = 0.008 and p = 0.002, respectively). The findings imply that the course of BPPV differed according to the patients’ medical condition.
MARK4 aggravates cardiac dysfunction in mice with STZ-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy by regulating ACSL4-mediated myocardial lipid metabolism
Authors: Wu Yi , Zhang Jingqi , Wang Weiyi , Wu Dongdong , Kang Yang , Fu Lu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDiabetic cardiomyopathy is a specific type of cardiomyopathy. In DCM, glucose uptake and utilization are impaired due to insulin deficiency or resistance, and the heart relies more heavily on fatty acid oxidation for energy, resulting in myocardial lipid toxicity-related injury. MARK4 is a member of the AMPK-related kinase family, and improves ischaemic heart failure through microtubule detyrosination. However, the role of MARK4 in cardiac regulation of metabolism is unclear. In this study, after successful establishment of a diabetic cardiomyopathy model induced by streptozotocin and a high-fat diet, MARK4 expression was found to be significantly increased in STZ-induced DCM mice. After AAV9-shMARK4 was administered through the tail vein, decreased expression of MARK4 alleviated diabetic myocardial damage, reduced oxidative stress and apoptosis, and facilitated cardiomyocyte mitochondrial fusion, and promoted myocardial lipid oxidation metabolism. In addition, through the RNA-seq analysis of differentially expressed genes, we found that MARK4 deficiency promoted lipid decomposition and oxidative metabolism by downregulating the expression of ACSL4, thus reducing myocardial lipid accumulation in the STZ-induced DCM model.
Evolutionary radiation strategy revealed in the Scarabaeidae with evidence of continuous spatiotemporal morphology and phylogenesis
Authors: Tong Yijie , Lu Yuanyuan , Tian Zhehao , Yang Xingke , Bai Ming 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEvolutionary biology faces the important challenge of determining how to interpret the relationship between selection pressures and evolutionary radiation. The lack of morphological evidence on cross-species research adds to difficulty of this challenge. We proposed a new paradigm for evaluating the evolution of branches through changes in characters on continuous spatiotemporal scales, for better interpreting the impact of biotic/abiotic drivers on the evolutionary radiation. It reveals a causal link between morphological changes and selective pressures: consistent deformation signals for all tested characters on timeline, which provided strong support for the evolutionary hypothesis of relationship between scarabs and biotic/abiotic drivers; the evolutionary strategies under niche differentiation, which were manifested in the responsiveness degree of functional morphological characters with different selection pressure. This morphological information-driven integrative approach sheds light on the mechanism of macroevolution under different selection pressures and is applicable to more biodiversity research.
Juvenile Hormone as a contributing factor in establishing midgut microbiota for fecundity and fitness enhancement in adult female Aedes aegypti
Authors: Taracena-Agarwal Mabel L. , Walter-Nuno Ana Beatriz , Bottino-Rojas Vanessa , Mejia Alessandra Paola Girard , Xu Kelsey , Segal Steven , Dotson Ellen M. , Oliveira Pedro L. , Paiva-Silva Gabriela O. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the factors influencing mosquitoes’ fecundity and longevity is important for designing better and more sustainable vector control strategies, as these parameters can impact their vectorial capacity. Here, we address how mating affects midgut growth in Aedes aegypti, what role Juvenile Hormone (JH) plays in this process, and how it impacts the mosquito’s immune response and microbiota. Our findings reveal that mating and JH induce midgut growth. Additionally, the establishment of a native bacterial population in the midgut due to JH-dependent suppression of the immune response has important reproductive outcomes. Specific downregulation of AMPs with an increase in bacteria abundance in the gut results in increased egg counts and longer lifespans. Overall, these findings provide evidence of a cross-talk between JH response, gut epithelial tissue, cell cycle regulation, and the mechanisms governing the trade-offs between nutrition, immunity, and reproduction at the cellular level in the mosquito gut.
Normative modelling of molecular-based functional circuits captures clinical heterogeneity transdiagnostically in psychiatric patients
Authors: Lawn Timothy , Giacomel Alessio , Martins Daniel , Veronese Mattia , Howard Matthew , Turkheimer Federico E. , Dipasquale Ottavia 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAdvanced methods such as REACT have allowed the integration of fMRI with the brain’s receptor landscape, providing novel insights transcending the multiscale organisation of the brain. Similarly, normative modelling has allowed translational neuroscience to move beyond group-average differences and characterise deviations from health at an individual level. Here, we bring these methods together for the first time. We used REACT to create functional networks enriched with the main modulatory, inhibitory, and excitatory neurotransmitter systems and generated normative models of these networks to capture functional connectivity deviations in patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder (BPD), and ADHD. Substantial overlap was seen in symptomatology and deviations from normality across groups, but these could be mapped into a common space linking constellations of symptoms through to underlying neurobiology transdiagnostically. This work provides impetus for developing novel biomarkers that characterise molecular- and systems-level dysfunction at the individual level, facilitating the transition towards mechanistically targeted treatments.
Magnetic Dirac semimetal state of (Mn,Ge)Bi2Te4
Authors: Frolov Alexander S. , Usachov Dmitry Yu. , Tarasov Artem V. , Fedorov Alexander V. , Bokai Kirill A. , Klimovskikh Ilya , Stolyarov Vasily S. , Sergeev Anton I. , Lavrov Alexander N. , Golyashov Vladimir A. , Tereshchenko Oleg E. , Di Santo Giovanni , Petacсia Luca , Clark Oliver J. , Sanchez-Barriga Jaime , Yashina Lada V. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe ability to finely tune the properties of magnetic topological insulators (TIs) is crucial for quantum electronics. We studied solid solutions with a general formula GexMn1-xBi2Te4 between two isostructural Z2 TIs, magnetic MnBi2Te4 and nonmagnetic GeBi2Te4 with Z2 invariants of 1;000 and 1;001, respectively. We observed linear x-dependent magnetic properties, composition-independent pairwise exchange interactions, and topological phase transitions (TPTs) between topologically nontrivial phases and the semimetal state. The TPTs are driven purely by the variation of orbital contributions. By tracing the x-dependent Bi 6p contribution to the states near the fundamental gap, the effective spin-orbit coupling variation is extracted. The gapless state observed at x = 0.42 closely resembles a Dirac semimetal above the Néel temperature and shows a magnetic gap below, which is clearly visible in raw photoemission data. The observed behavior demonstrates an ability to precisely control topological and magnetic properties of TIs.
Less than 4% of dryland areas are projected to desertify despite increased aridity under climate change
Authors: Zhang Xinyue , Evans Jason P. , Burrell Arden L. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDrylands have low biological productivity compared to non-drylands, making many human activities within them sensitive to long-term trends. Trends in the Aridity Index over several decades indicate increasing aridity in the drylands, which has been linked to increasing occurrence of desertification. Future projections show continued increases in aridity due to climate change, suggesting that drylands will expand. In contrast, satellite observations indicate an increase in vegetation productivity. Given the past inconsistency between the Aridity Index changes and observed vegetation changes, the future evolution of vegetation productivity within the drylands remains an open question. Here we used a data driven approach to show that increasing aridity in drylands won’t lead to a general loss of vegetation productivity. Most of the global drylands are projected to see an increase in vegetation productivity due to climate change through 2050. The aridity index will not be a good indicator of drylands in future climates. We found a broad boost to dryland vegetation productivity due to the carbon dioxide (CO2) fertilization effect that is negated by climate changes in at most 4% of global drylands to produce desertification. These regions include parts of north-east Brazil, Namibia, western Sahel, Horn of Africa and central Asia.
No evidence for niche competition in the extinction of the South American saber-tooth species
Authors: Freitas-Oliveira Roniel , Lima-Ribeiro Matheus S. , Terribile Levi Carina 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe end of South American isolation during the Great American Biotic Interchange (GABI) promoted the contact between South and North American saber-tooth forms that evolved in isolation. This contact may have driven saber-tooth species to a competitive interaction, resulting in the extinction of the South American saber-tooth form. Here, we used paleoclimatic data to compare the climatic niche of the saber-tooth forms Thylacosmilus atrox (from South America), Smilodon fatalis, and Smilodon populator (both originally from North America). We evaluated niche width, overlap, and similarity to infer potential geographic distribution overlap and competition between these North and South American predators. To do so, we obtained the climatic variables from sites where occurrence fossil records were available. Our results suggest that T. atrox had a narrower climatic niche compared to Smilodon species. Although we found a significant climatic niche overlap and similarity between S. fatalis and T. atrox, it seems unlikely that both species have co-occurred. Low niche overlap and similarity between T. atrox and S. populator dismiss competitive interaction between them. Moreover, climatic niche and low tolerance for environmental changes may have been the cause of the South American saber-tooth extinction.
Research needs on the biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationship in drylands
Authors: Maestre Fernando T. , Biancari Lucio , Chen Ning , Corrochano-Monsalve Mario , Jenerette G. Darrel , Nelson Corey , Shilula Kaarina N. , Shpilkina Yelyzaveta 
Published: June 2024

AbstractResearch carried out in drylands over the last decade has provided major insights on the biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationship (BEFr) and about how biodiversity interacts with other important factors, such as climate and soil properties, to determine ecosystem functioning and services. Despite this, there are important gaps in our understanding of the BEFr in drylands that should be addressed by future research. In this perspective we highlight some of these gaps, which include: 1) the need to study the BEFr in bare soils devoid of perennial vascular vegetation and biocrusts, a major feature of dryland ecosystems, 2) evaluating how intra-specific trait variability, a key but understudied facet of functional diversity, modulate the BEFr, 3) addressing the influence of biotic interactions on the BEFr, including plant–animal interactions and those between microorganisms associated to biocrusts, 4) studying how differences in species–area relationships and beta diversity are associated with ecosystem functioning, and 5) considering the role of temporal variability and human activities, both present and past, particularly those linked to land use (e.g., grazing) and urbanization. Tackling these gaps will not only advance our comprehension of the BEFr but will also bolster the effectiveness of management and ecological restoration strategies, crucial for safeguarding dryland ecosystems and the livelihoods of their inhabitants.
Positive affect modulates memory by regulating the influence of reward prediction errors
Authors: Qasim Salman E. , Deswal Aarushi , Saez Ignacio , Gu Xiaosi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHow our decisions impact our memories is not well understood. Reward prediction errors (RPEs), the difference between expected and obtained reward, help us learn to make optimal decisions-providing a signal that may influence subsequent memory. To measure this influence and how it might go awry in mood disorders, we recruited a large cohort of human participants to perform a decision-making task in which perceptually memorable stimuli were associated with probabilistic rewards, followed by a recognition test for those stimuli. Computational modeling revealed that positive RPEs enhanced both the accuracy of memory and the temporal efficiency of memory search, beyond the contribution of perceptual information. Critically, positive affect upregulated the beneficial effect of RPEs on memory. These findings demonstrate how affect selectively regulates the impact of RPEs on memory, providing a computational mechanism for biased memory in mood disorders.
Functional diversity among cardiolipin binding sites on the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier
Authors: Senoo Nanami , Chinthapalli Dinesh K , Baile Matthew G , Golla Vinaya K , Saha Bodhisattwa , Oluwole Abraham O , Ogunbona Oluwaseun B , Saba James A , Munteanu Teona , Valdez Yllka , Whited Kevin , Sheridan Macie S , Chorev Dror , Alder Nathan N , May Eric R , Robinson Carol V , Claypool Steven M 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLipid-protein interactions play a multitude of essential roles in membrane homeostasis. Mitochondrial membranes have a unique lipid-protein environment that ensures bioenergetic efficiency. Cardiolipin (CL), the signature mitochondrial lipid, plays multiple roles in promoting oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). In the inner mitochondrial membrane, the ADP/ATP carrier (AAC in yeast; adenine nucleotide translocator, ANT in mammals) exchanges ADP and ATP, enabling OXPHOS. AAC/ANT contains three tightly bound CLs, and these interactions are evolutionarily conserved. Here, we investigated the role of these buried CLs in AAC/ANT using a combination of biochemical approaches, native mass spectrometry, and molecular dynamics simulations. We introduced negatively charged mutations into each CL-binding site of yeast Aac2 and established experimentally that the mutations disrupted the CL interactions. While all mutations destabilized Aac2 tertiary structure, transport activity was impaired in a binding site-specific manner. Additionally, we determined that a disease-associated missense mutation in one CL-binding site in human ANT1 compromised its structure and transport activity, resulting in OXPHOS defects. Our findings highlight the conserved significance of CL in AAC/ANT structure and function, directly tied to specific lipid-protein interactions.