bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The COSY and DQF‐COSY NMR spectra of an AX system of spins I = 3/2
Authors: Kempgens P. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe 2D NMR COSY and DQF‐COSY spectra of an AX system of spins I = 3/2 have been calculated by numerical density matrix calculations. The results are presented in two extreme cases, namely in the slow relaxation regime and in the fast relaxation regime. It is concluded that in addition to the usual advantages that the DQF‐COSY NMR experiment offer compared with the conventional COSY NMR experiment (observation of only‐coupled spins, antiphase character of both diagonal and cross‐peaks and intensity of the cross peaks comparable to the intensity of the diagonal peaks), the DQF‐COSY NMR experiment appear to be more reliable for interpretation and analysis than the conventional COSY NMR experiment and this is particularly true for quadrupolar nuclei relaxing usually very quickly. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 38A: 7–15, 2011.
Detecting evolving patterns of self‐organizing networks by flow hierarchy measurement
Authors: Luo Jianxi , Magee Christopher L. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractHierarchies occur widely in evolving self‐organizing ecological, biological, technological, and social networks, but detecting and comparing hierarchies is difficult. Here we present a metric and technique to quantitatively assess the extent to which self‐organizing directed networks exhibit a flow hierarchy. Flow hierarchy is a commonly observed but theoretically overlooked form of hierarchy in networks. We show that the ecological, neurobiological, economic, and information processing networks are generally more hierarchical than their comparable random networks. We further discovered that hierarchy degree has increased over the course of the evolution of Linux kernels. Taken together, our results suggest that hierarchy is a central organizing feature of real‐world evolving networks, and the measurement of hierarchy opens the way to understand the structural regimes and evolutionary patterns of self‐organizing networks. Our measurement technique makes it possible to objectively compare hierarchies of different networks and of different evolutionary stages of a single network, and compare evolving patterns of different networks. It can be applied to various complex systems, which can be represented as directed networks. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity, 2011
El Farol revisited: A note on emergence, game theory, and society
Authors: Shubik Martin 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe El Farol paper examined the evolution of behavior of visits to a potentially crowded facility, providing an insightful view of how independent agents can coordinate in a “good enough” manner in many situations. This view is extended to considering the interaction between rules and behavior. The context may be such that the importance of the outcome is sufficiently high to merit an extra layer of complexity in the guidance of the emergent behavior and that behavior may signal the need for the additional complexity. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity, 2011
Active shunt current shaping scheme for multiple paralleled DC–DC converters
Authors: Lo Yu‐Kang , Yu Ching‐Hui , Pan Tian‐Fu , Chiu Huang‐Jen 
Published: January 2011

SUMMARYA new shunt current shaping scheme for multiple paralleled dc–dc converters is proposed in this paper. The current command for the shunt current shaper is indirectly obtained by forcing the source current to follow the demanded sinusoidal signal. The amplitude of the demanded sinusoidal source current that is in‐phase with the source voltage can be determined from the sensed load currents of the post‐stage dc–dc converters. Neither high‐order filters nor time‐consuming computations are required. The shunt current shaper supplies all the harmonics and the out‐of‐phase fundamental of the distorted input current and the power source only supplies the in‐phase fundamental component. Experimental results on a prototype system verify the feasibility of the presented scheme. The implemented shunt current shaper demonstrates an efficiency of 92% and a nearly unity power factor at the utility side. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pulmonary fibrosis: a possible diabetic complication
Authors: Yang Junling , Xue Qianfei , Miao Lining , Cai Lu 
Published: January 2011

AbstractDiabetic complications affect many organs in diabetic patients. Emerging evidence indicates that diabetes can increase the risk of pulmonary dysfunction. Early epidemiological studies from different populations on whether diabetes was an independent risk for pulmonary dysfunction were inconclusive. Recent epidemiological studies and systematic reviews clearly indicate that diabetes is an independent risk factor for pulmonary dysfunction. Given that pulmonary fibrosis is an important predictor of mortality in people with this chronic disease, whether diabetes directly causes pulmonary fibrosis is an important unresolved clinical question. This review combines recent epidemiological data with findings from basic research to indicate that diabetes induces pulmonary fibrosis. We then discuss the possible underlying mechanisms for the histological and biochemical pathology. At the end of this review, we emphasize that diabetic pulmonary fibrosis as a potential diabetic complication warrants more attention. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Direct effects of FGF21 on glucose uptake in human skeletal muscle: implications for type 2 diabetes and obesity
Authors: Mashili Fredirick L. , Austin Reginald L. , Deshmukh Atul S. , Fritz Tomas , Caidahl Kenneth , Bergdahl Katrin , Zierath Juleen R. , Chibalin Alexander V. , Moller David E. , Kharitonenkov Alexei , Krook Anna 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackgroundFibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21, a novel member of the FGF family, plays a role in a variety of endocrine functions, including regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. The role of FGF21 in skeletal muscle is currently not known.MethodsSerum levels and skeletal muscle mRNA of FGF21 were determined in normal glucose tolerant (n = 40) and type 2 diabetic (T2D; n = 40) subjects. We determined whether FGF21 has direct effects on glucose metabolism in cultured myotubes (n = 8) and extensor digitorum longus skeletal muscle.ResultsSerum FGF21 levels increased 20% in T2D versus normal glucose tolerant subjects (p < 0.05), whereas skeletal muscle mRNA expression was unaltered. Fasting insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR), waist circumference, and body mass index (BMI) significantly correlated with serum FGF21 levels in T2D (p < 0.01), but not in normal glucose tolerant subjects. Serum FGF21 concentrations were greater in T2D patients in the highest tertile of fasting insulin (p < 0.05) and BMI (p < 0.05). Stepwise regression analysis identified BMI as the strongest independent variable correlating with FGF21. FGF21 exposure increased basal and insulin‐stimulated glucose uptake in human myotubes, coincident with increased glucose transporter 1 mRNA, and enhanced glucose transporter 1 abundance at the plasma membrane. In isolated extensor digitorum longus muscle, FGF21 potentiated insulin‐stimulated glucose transport, without altering phosphorylation of Akt or AMP‐activated protein kinase.ConclusionsPlasma FGF21 is increased in T2D patients, and positively correlated with fasting insulin and BMI. However, FGF21 has direct effects in enhancing skeletal muscle glucose uptake, providing additional points of regulation that may contribute to the beneficial effects of FGF21 on glucose homeostasis. Whether increased plasma FGF21 in T2D is a compensatory mechanism to increase glucose metabolism remains to be determined. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Independent and combined associations of abdominal obesity and seated resting heart rate with type 2 diabetes among older Chinese: the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study
Authors: ó Hartaigh Bríain , Jiang Chao Qiang , Bosch Jos A. , Zhang Wei Sen , Cheng Kar Keung , Lam Tai Hing , Thomas G. Neil 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackgroundCentral obesity and poor physical fitness predict the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular mortality among Caucasian populations. We studied the independent and combined effect of abdominal obesity and seated resting heart rate used as an indicator of physical fitness, on the presence of type 2 diabetes among 30 519 older residents of Guangzhou, Southern China.MethodsParticipants were stratified into four groups, based on the Asian criteria for abdominal obesity (≥90/≥ 80 cm in men/women) and the 75% cut‐off point for seated resting heart rate (≥83 beats per min). The association with type 2 diabetes was assessed using multivariable logistic regression.ResultsA total of 3777 (12.7%) volunteers were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, which was independently associated with seated resting heart rate and, in particular, increasing levels of abdominal obesity (p < 0.001). An odds ratio of 3.93 (95% confidence interval = 3.48–4.43) was identified for type 2 diabetes in participants who were obese with a seated resting heart rate ≥ 83 beats per min after adjusting for potential confounders.ConclusionsHigher seated resting heart rate, a marker of poor physical fitness, independently doubles the risk of type 2 diabetes. The strength of this association is further increased when abdominal obesity is considered. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interoperability of middleware for context‐aware services
Authors: Yamamoto Hidenori , Sameshima Shigetoshi , Sekiguchi Takaaki , Kato Hiromitsu , Yura Jun'Ichi , Takashio Kazunori 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn the ubiquitous computing environment, it is desirable to provide context‐aware services enabled by using physical environmental information acquired from massive embedded sensors. One issue in providing these services is interoperability of different middleware systems. Among these middleware systems service roaming occurs during performance of the service. This paper presents our approach to the technology for interoperating different middleware systems, composed of sharing the information of resources by normalization of profiles, normalization of service descriptions, and adaptation of original specifications which cannot be normalized. These techniques are based on the model of Super Distributed Objects (SDO) that is standardized in OMGW. In order to verify these techniques, we have experimented with the interoperation of different middleware systems. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 94(2): 67–74, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10260
Balanced three‐phase distribution experiment of a triaxial HTS cable
Authors: Hamajima Takataro , Ozcivan A. Nuri , Shimoyama Kazuki , Soeda Seiji , Hu Nannan , Yagai Tsuyoshi , Tsuda Makoto 
Published: January 2011

AbstractHigh Temperature Superconducting (HTS) cables have been studied because of their low loss and compactness compared with conventional copper cables. Three‐phase cables are usually composed of three single‐phase coaxial cables. Recently, triaxial cables, composed of three concentric phases, have been intensively developed, because they have advantages such as reduced amount of HTS tape, small leakage fields, and small heat loss in leaks, compared with three single‐phase cables. However, there is an inherent imbalance in the three‐phase currents in the triaxial cable due to differences in the radii of the three‐phase current layers. The imbalance of currents causes additional losses and large leakage field in the cable, and also degrades the electric power quality. Therefore, we propose a new model, a triaxial cable composed of two longitudinal sections with different twist pitches to obtain the solutions of the balanced three‐phase currents and the homogeneous current distribution in each phase of the triaxial cable. We derive a general equation satisfying both the balanced three‐phase currents and homogeneous current distribution, as functions of the winding pitches, and finally apply it to the simplest cable. We fabricated and tested a 1‐m HTS cable in order to verify that the proposed theory can satisfy the balanced distribution. The results demonstrate the validity of the theory. We also investigated the current distributions along a long triaxial cable considering the capacitances between the layers in the triaxial cable. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 94(2): 51–58, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10283
Development of an awakening behavior detection system using a neural network
Authors: Satoh Hironobu , Takeda Fumiaki , Shiraishi Yuhki , Ikeda Rie 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe have developed a behavior detection system using a neural network (NN). The system detects dangerous behaviors such as nearly falling out of bed and actual falling out of bed. For detection, the system uses pictures captured by a web camera. The system classifies subjects' behavior into five states using a NN. The five states are “lying in bed,” “starting to sit up in bed,” “sitting in bed,” “almost falling from the bed,” and “having fallen from the bed.” Then, we define states of almost falling and having fallen from the bed as dangerous behavior. The states of lying in bed, starting to sit up in bed, and sitting in bed are defined as safe behavior. We propose a final detection rule by which the system classifies their behavior into two states. Finally, the detection ability of the system is evaluated. From the experiment's results, the detection rate of dangerous behavior is shown to be 81.7% using the proposed system. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 94(2): 42–50, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10296
Computer‐aided diagnostic (CAD) scheme by use of contralateral subtraction technique. Application to detection of acute cerebral infarctions in brain computed tomography (CT)
Authors: Nagashima Hiroyuki , Harakawa Tetsumi 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe developed a computer‐aided diagnostic (CAD) scheme for detection of subtle image findings of acute cerebral infarction in brain computed tomography (CT) by using a contralateral subtraction technique. In our computerized scheme, the lateral inclination of the image was first corrected automatically by rotating and shifting. The contralateral subtraction image was then derived by subtraction of the reversed image from the original image. Initial candidates for acute cerebral infarctions were identified by multiple thresholding and image filtering. As the first step for removing false‐positive candidates, 14 image features were extracted in each of the initial candidates. Halfway candidates were detected by applying a rule‐based test with these image features. At the second step, 5 image features were extracted using the overlapping scale with halfway candidates in the slice of interest and the upper/lower slice images. Finally, acute cerebral infarction candidates were detected by applying a rule‐based test with 5 image features. The sensitivity of detection in 74 training cases was 97.4% with 3.7 false positives per image. The performance of the CAD scheme for 44 testing cases had an approximately equivalent result to the training cases. Our CAD scheme using the contralateral subtraction technique can reveal suspected image findings of acute cerebral infarctions in CT images. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 94(2): 32–41, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10299
Cover Picture: Eur. J. Immunol. 2/11
Authors: Letavernier Emmanuel , Dansou Boris , Lochner Matthias , Perez Joëlle , Bellocq Agnès , Lindenmeyer Maja T. , Cohen Clemens D. , Haymann Jean‐Philippe , Eberl Gérard , Baud Laurent 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe cover image of this issue consists of the immunohistochemical staining of μ‐calpain in a healthy human kidney and is taken from Letavernier et al. (pp. 473–484). In this article, the authors analyse the role of calpains in acute allograft rejection. The authors demonstrate that μ‐calpain expression is increased in human transplant kidneys undergoing acute or chronic rejection, mainly in infiltrating T cells. The authors further show that calpain inhibition delays allograft rejection. Interestingly, this delay in allograft rejection is associated with a limitation in allograft infiltration by T cells that is due to the slowing down in T‐cell migration rather than proliferation.
Some applications of the concept of minimized integrated exponential error for low dispersion and low dissipation
Authors: Appadu A. R. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractSeveral techniques to optimize parameters that regulate dispersion and dissipation effects in finite difference schemes have been devised in our previous works. They all use the notion that dissipation neutralizes dispersion. These techniques are the minimized integrated square difference error (MISDE) and the minimized integrated exponential error for low dispersion and low dissipation (MIEELDLD). It is shown in this work based on several numerical schemes tested that the technique of MIEELDLD is more accurate than MISDE to optimize the parameters that regulate dispersion and dissipation effects with the aim of improving the shock‐capturing properties of numerical methods.First, we consider the family of third‐order schemes proposed by Takacs. We use the techniques MISDE and MIEELDLD to optimize two parameters, namely, the cfl number and another variable which also controls dispersion and dissipation. Second, these two techniques are used to optimize a numerical scheme proposed by Gadd. Moreover, we compute the optimal cfl for some multi‐level schemes in 1D. Numerical tests for some of these numerical schemes mentioned above are performed at different cfl numbers and it is shown that the results obtained are dependent on the cfl number chosen. The errors from the numerical results have been quantified into dispersion and dissipation using a technique devised by Takacs. Finally, we make use of a composite scheme made of corrected Lax–Friedrichs and the two‐step Lax–Friedrichs schemes like the CFLF4 scheme at its optimal cfl number, to solve some problems in 2D, namely: solid body rotation test, acoustics and the circular Riemann problem. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pricing basket and Asian options under the jump‐diffusion process
Authors: Bae Kwangil , Kang Jangkoo , Kim Hwa‐Sung 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis study derives approximate valuation formulas for basket options and Asian options under the jump‐diffusion process. To obtain an approximation for options prices under the jump‐diffusion process, we extend the Taylor expansion method developed by Ju N. (2002) under the diffusion process. We show that the Taylor expansion method, suggested in this study, provides better pricing performance as compared to log‐normal or four‐moment methods. The performance improvement using the Taylor expansion method increases as the time to maturity increases. In addition, our numerical analysis shows that jump effects become significant when the expected jump sizes take large negative values. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 31:830–854, 2011
Facile synthesis of 4‐substituted 3,4‐dihydro‐1H‐2,1,3‐benzothiadiazine 2,2‐dioxides
Authors: Lee Chai‐Ho , Jin Guo Fan , Lim Hyun Wha , Yang Eun Hye , Lee Jong‐Dae , Nakamura Hiroyuki , Ban Hyun Seung , Kang Sang Ook 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA new method for the preparation of 4‐substituted 3,4‐dihydro‐1H‐2,1,3‐benzothiadiazine 2,2‐dioxides is described. Treatment of t‐butyl N‐phenylsulfamoylcarbamate derivatives (1) with different aldehydes afforded the corresponding intramolecular cyclized products 2 under trifluoroacetic acid conditions. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 22:192–197, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20670
Temporal progression of the host response to implanted poly(ethylene glycol)‐based hydrogels
Authors: Lynn Aaron D. , Blakney Anna K. , Kyriakides Themis R. , Bryant Stephanie J. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractPoly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels hold great promise asin vivocell carriers for tissue engineering. To ensure appropriate performance of these materials when implanted, the host response must be well understood. The objectives for this study were to characterize the temporal evolution of the foreign body reaction (FBR) to acellular PEG‐based hydrogels prepared from PEG diacrylate precursors when implanted subcutaneously in immunocompentent c57bl/6 mice by (immuno)histochemical analysis and gene expression. Compared with a normal FBR elicited by silicone (SIL), PEG hydrogels without or with a cell adhesion ligand RGD elicited a strong early inflammatory response evidenced by a thick band of macrophages as early as day 2, persisting through two weeks, and by increased interleukin‐1β expression. PEG‐only hydrogels showed a slower, but more sustained progression of inflammation over PEG‐RGD. Temporal changes in gene expression were observed in response to PEG‐based materials and in general exhibited, elevated expression of inflammatory and wound healing genes in the tissues surrounding the implants, while the expression patterns were more stable in response to SIL. While a stabilized FBR was achieved with SIL and to a lesser degree with PEG‐RGD, the PEG‐only hydrogels had not yet stabilized after 4 weeks. In summary, PEG‐only hydrogels elicit a strong early inflammatory reaction, which persists throughout the course of the implantation even as a collagenous capsule begins to form. However, the incorporation of RGD tethers partially attenuates this response within 2 weeks leading to an improved FBR to PEG‐based hydrogels. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 2011.
Characterization and in vivo evaluation of chitosan‐hydroxyapatite bone scaffolds made by one step coprecipitation method
Authors: Danilchenko Sergei N. , Kalinkevich Oksana V. , Pogorelov Maksim V. , Kalinkevich Aleksei N. , Sklyar Anatoly M. , Kalinichenko Tatyana G. , Ilyashenko Vyacheslav Y. , Starikov Vadim V. , Bumeyster Valentina I. , Sikora Vitaly Z. , Sukhodub Leonid F. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractChitosan/hydroxyapatite scaffolds could be used for bone regeneration in case the application of auto‐ or allografts is impossible. The objective of the present work was to characterize and study in vivo biodegradation of simple chitosan/hydroxyapatite scaffolds. For this purpose, a series of chitosan/hydroxyapatite composites has been synthesized in aqueous medium from chitosan solution and soluble precursor salts by a one step coprecipitation method. A study of in vivo behavior of the materials was then performed using model linear rats. Cylindrical‐shaped rods made of the chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite material were implanted into tibial bones of the rats. After 5, 10, 15, and 24 days of implantation, histological and histo‐morphometric analyses of decalcified specimens were performed to evaluate the stages of biodegradation processes. Calcified specimens were examined by scanning electron microscopy with X‐ray microanalysis to compare elemental composition and morphological characteristics of the implant and the bone during integration. Porous chitosan/hydroxyapatite scaffolds have shown osteoconductive properties and have been replaced in the in vivo experiments by newly formed bone tissue. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 2011.