bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Retrospective Study of the Incidence and the Classification of Bone Marrow Disorders in the Dog at a Veterinary Teaching Hospital (1996–2004)
Authors: Weiss Douglas J. 
Published: March 2010

Background: An 8‐year retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence and the classification of canine bone marrow disorders in a clinical pathology service at a university referral hospital.Animals: Dogs evaluated for bone marrow disorders at a veterinary teaching hospital.Hypothesis: A better understanding of the spectrum and the prevalence of canine bone marrow disorders can be achieved with a multiyear retrospective study.Methods: Bone marrow aspirate smears, core biopsy specimens, and case records from 717 dogs were reviewed.Results: Bone marrow specimens were first categorized based on the presence or the absence of a primary bone marrow disorder. Nondysplastic and nonmalignant pathologic changes were placed into 14 subcategories. Frequently observed pathologic disorders included nonregenerative immune‐mediated anemia, pure red cell aplasia, bone marrow necrosis, myelofibrosis, and hemophagocytic syndrome. Dysmyelopoiesis (n = 61) was subcategorized into myelodysplastic syndromes (n = 27), and congenital (n = 1) and secondary (n = 33) dysmyelopoiesis. One hundred twenty‐six cases of neoplasia were divided into acute leukemia (n = 46), chronic leukemia (n = 7), stage 5 malignant lymphoma (n = 28), multiple myeloma (n = 25), malignant histiocytosis (n = 11), metastatic mast‐cell tumor (n = 3), sarcoma (n = 5), and carcinoma (n = 1).Conclusions and Clinical Importance: This study provides a general indication of the spectrum and the prevalence of canine bone marrow disorders at a referral center in North America.
Comparative Aspects and Clinical Outcomes of Canine Renal Hemangiosarcoma
Authors: Locke Jennifer E. , Barber Lisa G. 
Published: March 2010

Background: Hemangiosarcoma (HSA) is a common solid tumor of the spleen, heart, and skin of dogs. Renal HSA represents an uncommon anatomic variant, with little reported about its biologic behavior and clinical outcome.Hypothesis: That renal HSA is associated with longer survival than other visceral forms of HSA.Animals: 14 dogs with renal HSA.Methods: Medical records from 1999 to 2004 were searched for dogs with histopathologically confirmed renal HSA, and data relevant to clinical signs, treatments, and outcomes were abstracted.Results: Clinical signs were nonspecific, and the median duration of clinical signs before diagnosis was 60 days. Two dogs presented in cardiovascular collapse secondary to hemoperitoneum. Common hematologic and biochemical abnormalities were anemia (9/14), hematuria (7/14), and proteinuria (7/14). One dog had pulmonary metastasis at diagnosis. All dogs had evidence of a renal mass visualized by abdominal radiography (14/14), ultrasound (9/14), or both. All dogs underwent nephrectomy, and 4/14 dogs also received adjunctive chemotherapy. Median survival time of all dogs was 278 days (range 0–1,005 days), and dogs with hemoperitoneum had significantly shorter survival times than dogs without hemoperitoneum (62 days versus 286 days,P< .001).Conclusions and Clinical Importance: These results indicate that hemoperitoneum and distant metastasis at diagnosis appear to occur less frequently in dogs with renal HSA compared with other visceral forms of HSA. Furthermore, dogs with renal HSA have protracted disease progression, with improved 1 ‐year survival rates and longer median survival time compared to dogs with splenic, cardiac, and retroperitoneal HSA.
Preoperative Administration of Hydroxyethyl Starch or Hypertonic Saline to Horses with Colic
Authors: Hallowell Gayle D. , Corley Kevin T.T. 
Published: March 2010

Background: Hypertonic saline and hydroxyethyl starches have been proposed as alternatives to isotonic crystalloids for reversal of hypovolemia in horses with colic. However, no direct comparison of these fluids has been performed in a clinical setting.Hypothesis: Preoperative administration of hypertonic saline or pentastarch would produce similar effects on intra operative hemodynamics in horses with colic.Animals: Thirty horses requiring colic surgery were enrolled in this prospective, randomized, open‐label clinical trial. Inclusion criteria were owner consent, and at least 2 of 3 clinicopathologic abnormalities: packed cell volume >45%, plasma total solid concentration >8.0 g/dL, and blood lactate concentration >2.5 mM.Methods: Study horses were randomly assigned to receive 4 mL/kg hypertonic saline or pentastarch before induction of anesthesia. Hemodynamic measurements were recorded every 30 minutes during anesthesia. Cardiac output (CO) was measured by the lithium dilution method. CO and stroke volume (SV) were indexed by body weight. Data were analysed using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Post hoc comparisons were performed using the Bonferroni test.Results: Cardiac index (CI) was higher in the pentastarch group compared with the hypertonic saline group from 30 to 150 minutes after induction (P= .04). SV index was higher in the pentastarch group at 30 (P= .025) and 60 minutes (P= .04). Mean arterial pressure of horses in both groups was lower at 90 minutes compared with 30 and 60 minutes.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Preoperative administration of pentastarch results in better CI than hypertonic saline, for 150 minutes after anesthetic induction. The effect of this improved global blood flow on regional perfusion or clinical outcome remains to be elucidated.
Evaluation of the Combined Dexamethasone Suppression/Thyrotropin‐Releasing Hormone Stimulation Test for Detection of Pars Intermedia Pituitary Adenomas in Horses
Authors: Frank Nicholas , Andrews Frank M. , Sommardahl Carla S. , Eiler Hugo , Rohrbach Barton W. , Donnell Robert L. 
Published: March 2010

Background: A combined dexamethasone (DEX) suppression/thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH) test (DEX/TRH test) has been developed to evaluate horses for presence of a pars intermedia pituitary adenoma (PIPA), but to the authors' knowledge, the accuracy of this test has not been previously determined.Hypothesis: The sensitivity and specificity of the DEX/TRH test can be determined by comparing test results with histopathologic examination findings.Animals: Age of 42 horses of various breeds ranged from 2 to 33 years.Methods: Plasma cortisol concentration was measured before and 24 hours after IV administration of 40 μg of DEX/kg of body weight, and before and 30 minutes after IV administration of 1 mg of TRH that had been given 3 hours after the injection of DEX. Results of the DEX/TRH test were considered positive if either the plasma cortisol concentration exceeded 10 ng/mL 24 hours after DEX administration, or if the change in plasma cortisol concentration 30 minutes after injection of TRH was ≥66% above the 3‐hour baseline. Diagnosis of PIPA was determined by histologic examination of the pituitary gland.Results: PIPA was detected in 17 of 42 (40%) horses. The DEX/TRH test had sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative (NPV) predictive value of 88, 76, 71, and 90%, respectively.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: The combined DEX/TRH test was more sensitive than either of its component tests and had a high NPV, but was not as specific as the TRH component alone (92%). The DEX/TRH test should be used to screen older horses for PIPA.
Survival of Cats with Naturally Occurring Chronic Renal Failure Is Related to Severity of Proteinuria
Authors: Syme Harriet M. , Markwell Peter J. , Pfeiffer Dirk , Elliott Jonathan 
Published: March 2010

Background: Tubulointerstitial kidney disease is a common cause of illness and death in pet cats and is typically not associated with overt proteinuria.Hypothesis: Proteinuria would be independently related to survival in cats with renal failure, with or without hypertension.Animals: The study included 136 client‐owned cats; 28 apparently normal, 14 hypertensive but not azotemic, 66 azotemic but not hypertensive, and 28 both hypertensive and azotemic.Methods: Cox's proportional hazards model was used to determine the influence of initial plasma creatinine concentration, proteinuria (urine protein‐to‐creatinine ratio or albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio), age, and systemic hypertension on the risk of death or euthanasia during the follow‐up period. Multivariable linear regression was used to determine the relation between severity of proteinuria and predictive variables, including age, plasma creatinine concentration, systolic blood pressure, sex, and urine specific gravity.Results: Plasma creatinine concentration and proteinuria were very highly related to survival. The hazard ratio (95% confidence intervals) for death or euthanasia was 2.9 (1.4–6.3) and 4.0 (2.0–8.0) for urine protein‐to‐creatinine ratio 0.2‐0.4 and >0.4, respectively, compared with the baseline group with a urine protein‐to‐creatinine ratio of <0.2 and were 2.4 (1.2–4.8) and 4.9 (2.3–10.2) for an albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio of 30–82 mg/g and <82 mg/g, respectively, compared with a baseline group with albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio of <30 mg/g. Treated hypertensive cats did not have reduced survival, although systolic blood pressure, together with plasma creatinine concentration was positively related to the magnitude of proteinuria.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Despite the relatively low concentrations of proteinuria typical of chronic renal disease in cats, this measurement is of prognostic significance.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression in Canine Intracranial Meningiomas and Association with Patient Survival
Authors: Platt Simon R. , Scase Timothy J. , Adams Vicki , Wieczorek Lara , Miller Jodi , Adamo Filippo , Long Sam 
Published: March 2010

Background: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a regulator of angiogenesis and vascular permeability. In human patients with meningiomas, increased VEGF expression is predictive of postsurgical recurrence. The objectives of this study were to evaluate VEGF expression in canine intracranial meningiomas and to determine whether an association between VEGF expression and patient survival existed. Methodology: Tumor tissue from 17 dogs with histologically confirmed intracranial meningiomas was obtained surgically. All dogs then were treated with radiotherapy. Immunohistochemistry was performed on 5‐μm sections of paraffin‐embedded tumor tissue with rabbit anti‐human VEGF polyclonal antibody. The extent, intensity, and distribution of VEGF staining for each section were assessed with light microscopy by means of a semiquantitative scale. Survival was analyzed by the Kaplan‐Meier procedure. Survival rates among groups were compared by log‐rank tests with the significance set at P≤.05. Findings: VEGF expression was detected in all tumors, with >50% of cells staining positively in tissues from 15/17 dogs. Shorter survival times were associated with greater VEGF expression (P= .01). Conclusions: VEGF expression can be measured in canine intracranial meningiomas and may be associated with poor outcome. Significance: The extent of VEGF expression in canine intracranial meningiomas may be used as a prognostic marker and suggests a potential future target for therapy.
Effects of Blood Collection for Transfusion on Arterial Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, and PCV in Cats
Authors: Iazbik M. Cristina , Ochoa Pablo Gómez , Westendorf Nicole , Charske Janet , Couto C.G. 
Published: March 2010

Background: Collection of 50 mL of blood (standard unit) in cats is a common procedure. There are several studies on the health status of donors, but to our knowledge there are no reports on the effects of blood collection on the feline donor. Hypothesis: Collection of a standard unit of blood from cats does not significantly change arterial blood pressure (BP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), systolic arterial pressure (SAP), diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), PCV, and heart rate (HR) in healthy blood donor cats. Animals: Twenty‐six healthy blood donor cats (6 spayed females and 20 castrated males). Methods: An oscillometric method was used to measure MAP, SAP, DAP, and to quantify HR before and after blood collection; PCV was obtained before and immediately after blood collection. Results: Despite a significant decrease (P < .05) in all variables (ie, BP, PCV, HR) after blood collection, no adverse events were observed. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: The collection of a unit of blood for transfusion from healthy donor cats weighing more than 5 kg appears to be safe, but this procedure leads to a decrease in arterial BP, PCV, and HR.
Microalbuminuria Is Not Associated with Cisplatin‐Induced Azotemia in Dogs
Authors: Autio Karoliina , Rassnick Kenneth M. , Goldstein Richard E. , Erb Hollis N. 
Published: March 2010

Background: Cisplatin is an effective antineoplastic agent but its use is limited by renal toxicity. Microalbuminuria is a marker of renal damage and might be an indicator of cisplatin‐induced azotemia.Null Hypothesis: Microalbuminuria is not associated with azotemia in dogs treated with cisplatin.Animals: This study used 32 client‐owned dogs.Methods: This was a prospective observational study in which cancer‐bearing dogs were treated with cisplatin chemotherapy. Cisplatin‐induced azotemia was defined as an increase of serum creatinine concentration above the reference range. Serum creatinine concentration, other routine tests of renal function, and microalbuminuria were measured after each cisplatin treatment. Variables potentially associated with azotemia were compared by use of Fisher's exact test and Wilcoxon's rank‐sum test.Results: Cisplatin‐induced azotemia occurred in 10 (31%) dogs after 1–5 treatments. At each of the first 3 treatments, the proportions of dogs with microalbuminuria were similar between dogs with and without azotemia.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Microalbuminuria measured after each treatment was not associated with azotemia through the first 3 treatments. Testing for microalbuminuria as a marker for cisplatin‐induced renal damage is insensitive and not recommended.
Liver Function in Cats with Hyperthyroidism Before and After131I Therapy
Authors: Berent Allyson C. , Drobatz Kenneth J. , Ziemer Lisa , Johnson Victoria S. , Ward Cynthia R. 
Published: March 2010

Background: The clinical significance of high serum concentration or activity of markers of liver damage in cats with hyperthyroidism is unknown.Objective: To evaluate serum markers of liver function and damage, and ultrasonographic changes in cats with hyperthyroidism and with high liver enzymes, and to determine if abnormalities resolve after treatment with131I.Animals: Nineteen cats with hyperthyroidism (15 with high serum activities of liver enzymes) and 4 age‐matched healthy control cats.Methods: Serum bile acids, albumin, ammonia, cholesterol, and blood urea nitrogen concentrations, and activities of liver‐derived enzymes, and blood glucose concentrations were measured before and after131I therapy. These values were compared with those of cats that were euthyroid. In addition, gross liver parenchymal changes detected by abdominal ultrasonographic examination, before and after131I therapy were evaluated.Results: High serum liver enzyme activities were not associated with abnormalities in hepatic parenchyma and liver functional variables, regardless of the degree of increase. Serum liver enzyme activities return to normal after control of hyperthyroidism with131I therapy. Cats with hyperthyroidism have a significantly higher serum fasting ammonia concentration than cats who were euthyroid (P= .019). Cats with hyperthyroidism also have significantly lower serum cholesterol (P= .005) and glucose (P= .002) concentrations before compared with after131I therapy. Nine of 19 cats with hyperthyroidism had trace ketonuria.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: These results demonstrate that extensive examination for hepatobiliary disease in most cats with hyperthyroidism is unnecessary.
Results of a Web‐Based Health Survey of Retired Racing Greyhounds
Authors: Lord Linda K. , Yaissle Jill E. , Marin Liliana , Couto C. Guillermo 
Published: March 2010

Background: Adoption of retired racing Greyhounds has become increasingly popular during the past decade. To date, research has focused on the physiologic and clinicopathologic peculiarities of Greyhounds but there is little published information on disease prevalence in the breed.Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of disease in retired racing Greyhounds.Animals: In this study, 747 Greyhounds were used.Methods: A standardized survey method was used, and survey responses were collected by an Internet survey. Owners could answer a survey for every Greyhound that they had owned since January 1, 2005.Results: Of the 692 eligible participants, 441 (63.7% response rate) completed surveys for 747 Greyhounds. The mortality rate for Greyhounds within the 2‐year period was 15% (113 of 747 died). The most common cause of death reported was cancer (66 dogs, 58%), and the most common type of cancer listed as the cause of death was osteosarcoma (28 dogs, 25%). The most commonly reported groups of diseases or disorders were skeletal (232 dogs, 33%), skin (197 dogs, 28%), digestive (132 dogs, 18%), cancer (94 dogs, 13%), and endocrine (85 dogs, 11.9%). Forty‐five percent of Greyhounds diagnosed with cancer and 6% of the overall population had osteosarcoma.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: The results of this study can be used by veterinary researchers to continue to investigate the most common diseases in this population. As more retired racing Greyhounds enter the pet population, the results of this study will help educate veterinarians and owners about the most prevalent diseases in the breed.
Pituitary Apoplexy‐Like Disease in 4 Dogs
Authors: Bertolini Giovanna , Rossetti Enrica , Caldin Marco 
Published: March 2010

Background: Pituitary apoplexy in humans is a clinical syndrome resulting from sudden infarction, hemorrhage, or both in a normal or an adenomatous pituitary gland. Objective: Describe a clinical syndrome in dogs similar to pituitary apoplexy in humans. Animals: Four dogs exhibiting a sudden onset of neurologic signs. Methods: A retrospective study was used, including clinical examination, computed tomography (CT), postmortem examination, and histopathology of the brain. Pituitary tissue from 3 of the dogs was subjected to immunocytochemistry. Results: Four dogs (2 Mongrels, 1 Bordeaux Dog, and 1 Cocker Spaniel; median age, 11 years; median body weight, 20.5 kg) presented with acute neurologic signs including depression (n = 3), behavioral changes (n = 1), vision loss (n = 1), seizures (n = 1), and collapse (n = 1). CT disclosed suprasellar infarction, hemorrhage, or both associated with a pituitary macroadenoma in 3 dogs and a frank hemorrhage in a nonadenomatous pituitary gland in 1 dog. CT findings were correlated with postmortem findings, and pituitary apoplexy was confirmed by histopathology and immunocytochemistry of the pituitary tissue. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: This study provides histopathologic evidence of pituitary apoplexy in dogs. The results are relevant for future diagnosis and treatment of pituitary disease in dogs.
Sildenafil Citrate Therapy in 22 Dogs with Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Kellum Heidi B. , Stepien Rebecca L. 
Published: March 2010

Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a disease condition characterized by abnormally increased pulmonary artery pressures and often is associated with a poor prognosis. Sildenafil is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor that causes pulmonary arterial vasodilation and reduction in pulmonary artery pressures. Hypothesis: Treatment with sildenafil will improve echocardiographic determinants of PH in dogs, while also improving quality of life and survival. Animals: Twenty‐two dogs with clinical and echocardiographic evidence of pulmonary hypertension. Methods: A retrospective study evaluating the effects of sildenafil on physical examination, ECG and radiographic findings, blood pressure and echocardiographic findings of PH, clinical score, and outcome was completed. PH was defined as a peak tricuspid regurgitation flow velocity ?2.8 m/s or a peak pulmonic insufficiency flow velocity ?2.2 m/s. Results: Sixteen of 22 dogs with PH were elderly females of small body size. Their clinical score was significantly improved (P= .0003) with sildenafil treatment, but physical examination findings remained unchanged. Heart rate, respiratory rate, vertebral heart size, ECG heart rate, and systolic blood pressure did not change significantly with sildenafil treatment (P > .05). Peak tricuspid regurgitation flow velocities did not change significantly with the treatment of sildenafil, but selected systolic time intervals were significantly improved. Survival times for all dogs ranged from 8 to >734 days. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Sildenafil did not significantly lower the degree of measurable PH in dogs. Clinical improvement and increased quality of life was seen with sildenafil treatment, despite lack of significant change in other variables.
Cardiovascular Device Infections in Dogs: Report of 8 Cases and Review of the Literature
Authors: Fine Deborah M. , Tobias Anthony H. 
Published: March 2010

Background: Infection is an infrequent but major complication of cardiovascular device implantation.Hypothesis: Treatment of patients with cardiovascular implant infection with antibiotic therapy and removal of the device is superior to antibiotic therapy alone.Methods: Medical records were reviewed for dogs that received a cardiovascular device from June 2001 to August 2006 at the University of Minnesota Veterinary Medical Center and the University of Missouri Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital.Results: Six of 63 (9.5%) pacemaker systems and 2 of 47 (4.3%) patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) occlusion devices became infected. Median time from procedure to diagnosis of implant infection was 62 days (range, 5 to 419). Median age of dogs with pacemaker infections was 8.5 years (range, 6.2 to 11.9).Pseudomonas aeruginosaandStaphylococcusspp were the most commonly cultured isolates. Four dogs were treated with antibiotics and pacemaker replacement. All 4 recovered completely from their infections. One was alive at the end of the study period, and 3 had been euthanized. However, the reasons for euthanasia were unrelated to pacemaker infection. In contrast, both dogs with infected pacemakers that were treated with antibiotics alone were euthanized because of complications attributable to infection. Infection of PDA occlusion devices occurred in puppies <16 weeks of age, andPasteurellaspp were isolated from both. One was successfully treated with a combination of antibiotics and surgery, and the other was euthanized without treatment.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Antibiotic therapy alone is associated with chronic complications in patients with cardiovascular implants and is unlikely to effect a cure.