bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of antidepressants and biosimilars in elite sport
Authors: Machnik M. , Sigmund G. , Koch A. , Thevis M. , Schänzer W. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe use of prescribed antidepressants by athletes has not been restricted in human sports since 2003, after the antidepressants bupropion and amineptine were removed from the list of prohibited substances. Recent awareness of antidepressants has been stimulated by reports from the media concerning possible misuse of antidepressants among healthy athletes.The prevalence of antidepressants has been monitored over the past ten years with screening procedures routinely used by WADA‐accredited laboratories. The growth in antidepressant use among athletes peaked in 2007 and 2008 after a modest increase over the first eight years of this survey. Pharmacy prescriptions for antidepressants in Germany did not show a correlated growth during this period. The increasing variety of antidepressant medications has led to a continued increase in the diversity of antidepressant substances used by athletes and the ‘normal’ population. The number of different sports affected by the presence of antidepressants has increased in the past decade, especially in endurance sports. The predominance of female antidepressant users in the normal population was reflected in the athletes' group. We concluded from our results that the development of antidepressant prevalence in elite sports did not correlate with that among the general public in Germany. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dual fluorescent protein reporters for studying cell behaviors in vivo
Authors: Stewart M. David , Jang Chuan‐Wei , Hong Nicholas W. , Austin Anthony P. , Behringer Richard R. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractFluorescent proteins (FPs) are useful tools for visualizing live cells and their behaviors. Protein domains that mediate subcellular localization have been fused to FPs to highlight cellular structures. FPs fused with histone H2B incorporate into chromatin allowing visualization of nuclear events. FPs fused to a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor signal sequence label the plasma membrane, highlighting cellular shape. Thus, a reporter gene containing both types of FP fusions would allow for effective monitoring of cell shape, movement, mitotic stage, apoptosis, and other cellular activities. Here, we report a binary color‐coding system using four differently colored FP reporters that generates 16 distinct color codes to label the nuclei and plasma membranes of live cells in culture and in transgenic mice. As an initial test of this system in vivo, the promoter of the human Ubiquitin C (UBC) gene was used to widely express one of the color‐code reporters. Widespread expression of the reporter was attained in embryos; however, both male and female transgenic mice were infertile. In contrast, the promoter of the mouse Oct4/Pou5f1 gene linked to two different color‐code reporters specifically labeled blastocysts, primordial germ cells, and postnatal germ cells, and these mice were fertile. Time‐lapse movies of fluorescently‐labeled primordial germs cells demonstrate the utility of the color‐code system to visualize cell behaviors. This set of new FP reporters should be a useful tool for labeling distinct cell populations and studying their behaviors in complex tissues in vivo. genesis 47:708–717, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fast template matching for spike sorting
Authors: Sato Takashi , Suzuki Takafumi , Mabuchi Kunihiko 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe present study introduces an approach to detect and classify extracellulary recorded action potentials of neurons, usually termed spike sorting. Our approach is based on template matching, which is an optimal filter under Gaussian noise; however, this approach is usually expensive in computational time.To speed up the filter, it is important to curtail the matching process when the distance between template and waveform exceeds some threshold. We approach this aspect of the problem using the frame of similarity detection algorithms (SSDA) and Davies‐Bouldin validation indices (DBVI). Windowing pair of the filter was selected in DBVI‐based order and a signal which has a rapidly increasing error was discarded to reduce the computational time. DBVI is a function of the ratio of the sum of within‐cluster scatter to between‐cluster separation; thus, using this order we can expect to separate a signal and a noise in fewer window point calculation than full point matching. This matching process performed well, with a shortter computational time and fewer incorrect classifications than other ordering methods such as time‐based or amplitude‐based order. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 92(11): 57–63, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10066
Photo‐curable resins and evaluation methods for UV‐nanoimprint lithography
Authors: Hirasawa Tamao , Taniguchi Jun , Ohtaguchi Makoto , Sakai Nobuji 
Published: October 2009

AbstractFive kinds of photo‐curable resins were prepared, and their thermal properties, mechanical properties, and suitability for the imprint process were experimentally evaluated. Measurements of thermal properties using the TG method, TM‐DSC method, and laser interferometric method indicated that determination of the thermally stable temperature, glass transition temperature, and coefficient of linear expansion of the resins was possible. Measurements of mechanical properties using nanoindentation were also made. Measurements of the Young's modulus of the thin resin film on the substrate were found to be possible by this method. To determine suitability for the imprint process, we investigated the effects of mold release treatment and their durability for two kinds of resins by measuring the adhesive force. It was found that the difference in the durability of mold release treatment effects depends on the resin type. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 92(11): 51–56, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10136
A practical 3D measurement system based on projection pattern control techniques
Authors: Cho Genki , Lu Cunwei 
Published: October 2009

AbstractMost of the recent 3D image measurement methods have employed certain pattern projection techniques because of their higher reliabilities. Especially, the intensity‐modulated technique can detect more stripe addresses by a single projection and therefore is very much expected for its practical use in the near future. The traditional techniques of this type, however, have encountered several serious problems where 3D measurements are difficult in sensitivity, speed and accuracy or fatally impossible for unknown objects. In order to solve these problems, we propose an automatic control technique of angle and space frequency of projection pattern. Furthermore, for security of measurement accuracy and measurement speed, projection pattern intensity control technique and optimal intensity‐modulation projection technique are adopted in the proposal measurement system. By using the proposed technique the automatic 3D measurement intended for the geostationary objects and the swaying objects were realized in experimental results. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 92(11): 34–41, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10147
Face recognition for images of persons against a general background using approximate parameter estimation of affine transform
Authors: Izumi Tetsuya , Hattori Tetsuo , Qing yu Shu , Kitajima Hiroyuki , Yamasaki Toshinori 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA method for face recognition of acquaintance in a given people image with general background is proposed. We assume that the face pattern to be recognized in the input image is perturbed approximately by affine transform (rotated, enlarged or reduced, and translated) from a registered original one and also by a lighting variation. In order to estimate the parameters of the affine transform, the method uses a Karhunen–Loeve (KL) expansion, spatial correlation, and a correction equation based on Taylor's expansion of the transform. Moreover, in order to be insensitive to the lighting variations, we deal with a normalized gradient vector field (NGVF) pattern representation. The experimental result shows that the method using NGVF representation and approximate parameter estimation is considerably effective. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 92(11): 1–8, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10152
The transport of fine particulate organic matter in vegetated chalk streams
Authors: Warren Luke L. , Wotton Roger S. , Wharton Geraldene , Bass Jonathon A. B. , Cotton Jacqueline A. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChalk streams are characterized by the presence of abundant stands of rooted macrophytes. There is typically a steep reduction in current velocity within stands and this promotes the trapping and accumulation of fine sediments. Fine sediments have also been shown to infill the gravel beds and shallow hyporheic zones of chalk streams in the process of colmation. We investigated how in‐channel vegetation and colmation affect the reach‐scale transport of fine particulate organic matter (FPOM, particles <1 mm in diameter) in a chalk stream. Corn pollen was used to model FPOM and a vegetated reach retained 62·5% of the corn pollen, while only 41·8% of the corn pollen was trapped in an unvegetated reach of similar length. In a second release, 51·2% of the corn pollen was retained in a vegetated reach, with 58·7% retained after the removal of the macrophytes to leave a bed coated with fine sediment. Two series of flume releases were used to examine the effect of colmation (infilling with fine sediment). In the first releases, retention of the corn pollen was 2% over the gravel‐only bed, but infilling with sand increased retention to 34%. In the second releases, retention increased from 9% over a gravel‐only bed up to 37% after infilling with sand. Our findings have implications for the residence times of sediment‐bound nutrients and pesticides in chalk streams and for weed cutting, a common practice for flood risk management. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Topographic controls on spatial patterns of conifer transpiration and net primary productivity under climate warming in mountain ecosystems
Authors: Tague C. , Heyn K. , Christensen L. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe response of forests to a warmer climate depends upon the direct impacts of temperature on forest ecophysiology and indirect effects related to a range of biogeophysical processes. In alpine regions, reduced snow accumulation and earlier melt of seasonal snowpacks are expected hydrologic consequences of warming. For forests, this leads to earlier soil moisture recharge, and may increase summer drought stress. At the same time, increased air temperature alters plant net primary productivity. Most models of climate change impacts focus either on hydrologic behaviour or ecosystem structure or function. In this study we address the interactions between them. We use a coupled model of eco‐hydrologic processes to estimate changes in evapotranspiration and vegetation productivity under temperature warming scenarios. Results from Yosemite National Park, in the California Sierra Nevada, suggest that for most snow‐dominated elevations, the shift in the timing of recharge is likely to lead to declines in productivity and vegetation water use, even with increased water‐use efficiency associated with elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations. The strength of this effect, however, depends upon interactions between several factors that vary substantially across elevation gradients, including the initial timing of melt relative to the summer growing season, vegetation growth, and the extent to which initial vegetation is water‐limited or temperature‐limited. These climate‐driven changes in vegetation water use also have important implications for summer streamflow. Results from this analysis provide a framework that can be used to develop strategic measurement campaigns and to extrapolate from local measurements of vegetation responses to watershed scale patterns. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Removing Compositional Boundaries in Mixed‐Linker Keplerate Clusters
Authors: Botar Bogdan , Ellern Arkady , Sougrati Moulay T. , Kögerler Paul 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe formation of a self‐assembled multi‐heterometal Keplerate polyoxomolybdate demonstrates compositional control of linker groups in spherical clusters. The resulting partially reduced {MoV/VI72FeIII20VIV8MoV2}‐type cluster exhibits intramolecular ferrimagnetic ordering characteristic of such mixed‐spin Keplerate systems. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
One‐Pot Procedure for the Synthesis of N‐Substituted 2‐(Arylmethyl)pyrrolidines from 1‐Aryl‐2‐cyclopropylalkynes and Primary Amines by a Hydroamination/Cyclopropylimine Rearrangement/Reduction Sequence
Authors: Gräbe Kerstin , Zwafelink Björn , Doye Sven 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA one‐pot procedure for the synthesis of N‐substituted 2‐(arylmethyl)pyrrolidines from 1‐aryl‐2‐cyclopropylalkynes and primary amines is presented. The procedure proceeded first through an [Ind2TiMe2]‐catalyzed regioselective hydroamination of a 1‐aryl‐2‐cyclopropylalkyne with a primary amine. The resulting cyclopropylimine, which was not isolated, was then forced to undergo a cyclopropylimine rearrangement in the presence of catalytic amounts of NH4Cl at 145 °C to deliver the corresponding 2‐pyrroline. A subsequent reduction performed with NaBH3CN and ZnCl2 finally gave the desired N‐substituted 2‐(arylmethyl)pyrrolidine.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Synthesis and Properties of Ferrocenylmethylene‐Bridged Calix[4]azulene and a New Example of Bis(1‐azulenyl)ferrocenylmethylium Ion
Authors: Shoji Taku , Higashi Junya , Ito Shunji , Toyota Kozo , Iwamoto Takeaki , Morita Noboru 
Published: October 2009

AbstractFerrocenylmethylene‐bridged calix[4]azulene derivative 3 and bis(1‐azulenyl)ferrocenylmethane derivative 4 were obtained by the reaction of 6‐tert‐butylazulene (6) with ferrocenecarbaldehyde (7) in acetic acid. The new bis(1‐azulenyl)ferrocenylmethylium ion 5+ was also generated by the hydride abstraction reaction of the corresponding hydro derivative 4 with DDQ. The novel ferrocene‐substituted calix[4]azulene derivative 3 exhibit a reversible one‐step multi‐electron oxidation upon cyclic voltammetry.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Base‐ and Copper‐Catalysed Condensation of Primary Activated Nitro Compounds with Enolisable Compounds
Authors: Trogu Elena , Cecchi Luca , De Sarlo Francesco , Guideri Luca , Ponticelli Fabio , Machetti Fabrizio 
Published: October 2009

AbstractPrimary nitro compounds have not been employed as nitrile oxide precursors in reactions with active methylene compounds because the reagents commonly used as dehydrating agents also react with these dipolarophiles. However, the CuII‐catalysed cycloaddition/condensation procedure has been shown to be viable with these substrates, leading directly to the expected polyfunctional isoxazoles provided nitro compounds with enhanced acidity (“activated”) were used. In the absence of added dipolarophiles, these nitro compounds underwent self‐condensation to the corresponding furoxans. However, as well as 3,4‐dibenzoylfuroxan, benzoylnitromethane predominantly gave the isomer 3‐benzoyl‐4‐nitro‐5‐phenylisoxazole, the structure of which was confirmed by crystallographic analysis. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Uncertainty and religious reactivity: Uncertainty compensation, repair, and inoculation
Authors: Wichman Aaron L. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractRecent research conducted in Western, democratic societies indicates that temporary uncertainty inductions lead to intolerance of religious dissent, increased conviction in religious attitudes, and even increased support for holy war. Past and current conflicts based on religious ideology underscore the danger such responses to uncertainty can pose. This paper responds to the need to learn how to control responses to uncertainty. After having confirmed through pilot testing that uncertainty increases self‐report religious faith, two subsequent studies investigate different techniques to control compensatory responses to uncertainty. Study 1 demonstrates that uncertainty‐induced increases in religiosity can be eliminated by a post‐uncertainty directed positive recall writing task. Study 2 presents evidence for an uncertainty “inoculation,” whereby a pre‐uncertainty self‐affirmation exercise can protect against uncertainty compensation effects. These findings, in combination with a consideration of previous research, offer insight into how undesirable uncertainty compensation effects might be reduced and even prevented. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Erratum: Analysis of the effects of ultrafine particulate matter while accounting for human exposure
Authors: Reich Brian J. , Fuentes Montserrat , Burke Janet 
Published: October 2009

AbstractVolume 20, Issue 2, Pages 131–146 (March 2009)DOI: 10.1002/env.915On page 144 of the above paper, under Discussion, the first sentence of the third paragraph should read, “The dynamic factor model proposed in Section 3 could be adapted to model a single pollutant that is repeatedly measured at multiple locations, as in Lopes et al. (2008).”.The additional reference is:Lopes, H., Salazar, E. and Gamerman, D. 2008. Spatial dynamic factor analysis. Bayesian Analysis 3: 759–792.
Evaluating a general sediment transport model for linear incisions under field conditions
Authors: Vanwalleghem T. , Giráldez J. V. , Jiménez‐Hornero F. J. , Laguna A. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractPrediction of sediment transport in concentrated overland flow remains a fundamental challenge in soil erosion assessment. Sediment transport is often modelled as a non‐linear function of shear stress. These relations are mostly derived from river channels or flume experiments. Here, new data of active incisions that occurred as a response to a single runoff event is presented. This allowed to complement and revisit a field‐based sediment transport‐shear stress equation. The results demonstrate the general applicability of the proposed relation for predicting sediment transport in linear incisions, ranging from rills to gullies, in field conditions. These findings have important implications for erosion modelling. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance of OCDMA system with FEC based on interference statistical distribution analysis
Authors: Sahuguede Stephanie , Julien‐Vergonjanne Anne , Cances Jean‐Pierre 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) technique has been investigated for several years as a promising alternative to provide multiple access in high speed optical networks. However, due to the use of binary on off keying (OOK) modulation, an inherent main performance limitation is multiple access interference (MAI), following a specific distribution. In order to reduce errors induced by MAI, it is necessary to take into account this specific statistic when applying forward error correction (FEC) with soft decision decoding. In this paper, we analyse the MAI distribution in order to determine FEC soft decoding calculation rules. The study is performed for a low density parity check (LDPC) code scheme over an OCDMA system using two‐dimensional (2‐D) OCDMA spreading codes. The a priori information required for soft decoder initialisation is calculated according to the specific OCDMA channel statistic. The enhancement provided by the decoding algorithm adaptation confirms that it is important to take into account the specific MAI distribution as described in this paper. Finally, we show that, despite the loss of available data rate linked to the addition of redundancy, the data rates per user can significantly be increased thanks to this efficient error correction scheme. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DNS of swirling turbulent pipe flow
Authors: Nygård F. , Andersson H. I. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA new flow problem is designed with the view to explore the effects of swirl on turbulent pipe flow. A tailor‐made azimuthal mean velocity is produced by means of a prescribed circumferential mean pressure gradient. The resulting flow field resembles that of an axially rotating pipe, but offers a greater flexibility with respect to swirl topology.Results from direct numerical simulations of fully developed turbulent pipe flow with swirl are presented. Three different strengths of the swirl have been considered and the results are compared with the data from the conventional pipe flow. The induced azimuthal mean velocity induces a skewing of the coherent near‐wall structures. The flow resistance is increased in the low‐swirl case, whereas a drag reduction is observed with stronger swirl. This interesting flow phenomenon is interpreted by means of the Reynolds stress components, joint pdfs of the fluctuating velocity components, as well as the helicity. The low‐swirl case
exhibits a qualitatively different helicity distribution in the near‐wall region as compared with the cases with stronger swirl. The skewing of the coherent near‐wall structures alone is not sufficient to reduce the wall‐friction. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A POD goal‐oriented error measure for mesh optimization
Authors: Fang F. , Pain C. C. , Navon I. M. , Gorman G. J. , Piggott M. D. , Allison P. A. , Goddard A. J. H. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe approach for designing an error measure to guide an adaptive meshing algorithm proposed in Power et al. (Ocean Modell. 2006; 15:3–38) is extended to use a POD adjoint‐based method, thus facilitating efficient primal and adjoint integration in time. The aim is to obtain a new mesh that can adequately resolve all the fields at all time levels, with optimal (w.r.t. the functional) efficiency. The goal‐based method solves both the primal and adjoint equations to form the overall error norms, in the form of a metric tensor. The tetrahedral elements are then optimized so that they have unit size in Riemannian space defined with respect to the metric tensor.This is the first attempt to use POD to estimate an anisotropic error measure. The metric tensor field can be used to direct anisotropic mesh adaptivity. The resulting mesh is optimized to efficiently represent the solution fields over a given time period. The calculation of the error measures is carried out in the reduced space. The POD approach facilitates efficient integration backwards in time and yields the sensitivity analysis necessary for the goal‐based error estimates. The accuracy of both the primal and adjoint‐reduced models is thus optimized (through the use of anisotropic mesh adaptivity). In addition, the functional for optimizing meshes has been designed to be consistent with that for 4D Var data assimilation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.