bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical, Psychosocial, and Economic Burden of COVID-19 Disease: A Cross-sectional Study among Adult Population in an Urban Community of North 24 Parganas, West Bengal, India
Authors: Ghosh Sukanya , Mukhopadhyay Dipta Kanti , Das Nivedita , Pal Moumita , Kundu Sampurna 
Published: April 2024

Introduction:
It has been observed that the symptoms and clinical sequelae of COVID-19 disease may develop and persist far beyond the initial illness, but there are limited data documenting this. The present study is planned to find out the physical, psychosocial, and economic burden of COVID-19 disease among the adult population in an urban community.

Materials and Methods:
This was a community-based, observational, cross-sectional study conducted among 106 adult individuals, who tested COVID-19 positive by rapid antigen test/reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction between May 21 and October 21, residing in North Dum Dum municipality, N 24 Parganas. A predesigned pretested validated questionnaire was used to assess the physical and social burden of the disease by health-related quality of life (HRQoL) questionnaire, psychological burden by the Perceived Stress Scale, and economic burden in terms of the direct and indirect cost of care, job lost, reduction of income, and cost-cutting measures applied to daily life.

Results:
More than one-third of the study population had HRQoL compromised for almost 1/3 of the past month. The perceived stress was found out to be significantly associated (P < 0.05) with the severity of the disease. The reported median (interquartile range [IQR]) of the direct cost of care for COVID-19 disease was 7000.0 (4000.0–12,000.0) INR, whereas the median (IQR) indirect cost of care was 1250.0 (0–5000.0) INR. C

onclusion:
The severity of COVID-19 has a great impact on HRQoL, perceived, and economic burden of the disease.
Comparison of Post Operative Analgesic Efficacy of Dexamethasone as an Adjuvant with Ropivacaine 0.25% and Plain Ropivacaine 0.25%, Using Ultrasound Guided Tap Block after Total Abdominal Hysterectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Parihar Ashutosh , Shukla Nidhi , Saxena Atul , Nigam Shuchi 
Published: April 2024

Introduction:
Following abdominal surgery, transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block, a peripheral nerve block, can be a useful supplement to multimodal postoperative analgesia. The aim was assessment of postoperative analgesic effectiveness of 0.25% ropivacaine with 4 mg of dexamethasone on each side and 0.25% ropivacaine alone in the management of postoperative pain following total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH).

Materials and Methods:
Sixty adult patients planned for elective TAH with ASA Grades I–II under general anesthesia participated in this prospective, randomized, double-blinded study. Patients of Group A were given 20 mL of 0.25% ropivacaine on both the sides and Group B patients were given 20 mL of 0.25% ropivacaine with dexamethasone 4 mg on each side. The primary objective of this study was a comparison of Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores between the groups and comparison of mean time of first rescue analgesia. The secondary objectives of this study were a comparison of hemodynamic parameters, postoperative analgesic requirement, patient satisfaction, and incidence of side effects.

Results:
VAS shows no discernible variation in 1 and 4 h after administration of block in Groups A and B. However, a significant difference appeared in VAS 8 h (P = 0.007), VAS 12 h (P = 0.000), and VAS 24 h (P = 0.000) after the administration of block between Groups A and B. The median time for first rescue analgesia was 2.75 h (interquartile range [IQR] = 1 h) and 5.8 h (IQR = 1.6 h) in Groups A and B, respectively, which was highly significant.

Conclusion:
We concluded that, after abdominal hysterectomy, dexamethasone added to ropivacaine TAP block tends to prolong postoperative analgesia and decrease the need for analgesics.
Estimation of vitamin D level in type 1 diabetic children
Authors: Ahmed Hassan Enas H. , Ahmed Yasser A. , Hassan Mostafa A. , Bashir Mohamed A. 
Published: April 2024

Background and Aim
Previous studies have shown the relationship between children with type 1 diabetes and vitamin D. To evaluate the level of vitamin D in children with type 1 diabetes and the effect of low vitamin D level on the long-term blood glucose controls reflected by glycated hemoglobin.

Patients and methods
The study included 20 children who had already been diagnosed as having type 1 diabetes mellitus with vitamin D deficiency and 20 normal nondiabetic children as a control group. Full history taking, clinical examinations, and investigations for all children, including serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D level, were done.

Results
Vitamin D deficiency was present in ∼85% of children with type 1 diabetes compared with nondiabetic control, who showed good vitamin D level.

Conclusion
Type 1 diabetic children are associated with low vitamin D level. Perhaps infants supplemented with vitamin D level might be a safe and effective plan for decreasing the risk of type 1 diabetes and also may decrease and improve levels of glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels in type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Assessment of post-LASIK flap thickness created by mechanical microkeratomes by anterior segment optical coherence tomography
Authors: Amr Islam A.M. , Yousef Hassan S.E. , Ahmed Asaad N. 
Published: April 2024

Background and aim
Laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) is the most popular refractive surgical operation for the correction of myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism. Corneal flap creation is an essential step for the success of LASIK. The aim of the work is to evaluate the accuracy of the post-LASIK flap thickness created by mechanical microkeratomes using Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT).

Patients and methods
This study included 60 eyes (of 30 patients), who underwent LASIK for refractive error correction. The patients were divided into two groups: (a) group A involved 30 eyes of 15 patients; in this group, the mechanical microkeratome Moria M2 (Moria M2, 110) was used. (b) Group B involved 30 eyes of 15 patients; in this group, the microkeratome Moria M2 (Moria M2, 100 with medlogic plano head) was used.

Results
As regards postoperative changes in flap thickness, the results of the current study showed that there were no considerable changes in thickness of the flap between 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months postoperatively in either group.

Conclusion
Moria M2 100 with medlogic plano head created LASIK flaps with thinner thickness, and more predictability and more preservation of bed thickness than those created with the Moria M2 110.
Prevalence of pathological myopia in Upper Egypt
Authors: Ahmed Mohamed E. 
Published: April 2024

Background and aim
Pathological myopia (PM) is one of the main causes of blindness globally, and its prevalence continues to increase rapidly over time. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of PM in the clinical population in Assiut City, Upper Egypt, during a period of 1 year.

Patients and methods
This cross-sectional study was carried out on a clinical population attending a large ophthalmology center in Assiut City, Upper Egypt, during the period from January to December 2018. All patients were subjected to full ophthalmologic examination. The noncycloplegic refraction was measured using an autorefractometer. The examined eyes were diagnosed as PM if they had refraction of more than or equal to −6 D spherical equivalent or an axial length of more than or equal to 25.5 mm.

Results
The study included 1548 eyes of 812 patients. Pathologically myopic eyes represented 152 eyes, with a prevalence of 9.82%. Of the total included patients, 102 (12.6%) patients had at least one pathologically myopic eye. Patients with bilateral PM represented 73 (71.6%) cases. Their refractive error ranged from −6.0 to −26.0 D, with a mean of −13.24±4.13 D, and their mean axial length was 28.2±2.14 mm and ranged from 26.1 to 35.2 mm.

Conclusion
The prevalence of PM in the studied sample was 9.82%, which was obviously higher compared with studies on other populations. Further large community-based studies are warranted to determine its prevalence as a step to overcome this true burden.
A study of activated platelet by flow cytometry in diabetic patients with peripheral arterial disease
Authors: Abdel Wahab Maisa A. , Mohammed Shaymaa A. , Ahmad Inass H. , Elshennawy Salwa I. , Mostafa Sadek 
Published: April 2024

Background and aim
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis that increases platelet activation and aggregation. Aim This study aimed to investigate the different types of platelet activation markers in diabetic patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD).

Patients and methods
Using flow cytometry on forty noninsulin-dependent diabetic type II patients with PAD receiving antiplatelet therapy, participants were divided into two groups: those with controlled, uncontrolled DM and 20 control samples.

Results
There was a highly significant increase in mean platelet volume, CD62P%, CD62 mean fluorescence intensity, and CD63% in the uncontrolled DM group compared with the control group, in addition to a highly significant correlation between CD62P% and glycated hemoglobin in all cases, with a P value of 0.015.

Conclusion
The CD62P% is a more selective platelet marker that is activated in uncontrolled DM, causing atherosclerosis and leading to PAD. Glycemic control is the most important factor in the prevention of atherothrombotic progress than antiplatelet treatment.
Autonomic function assessment in Egyptian patients with Behçet's disease
Authors: Ali Anwar M. , Talaat Esraa A. , El Nazer Saber A.E.H. , Hasanein Manal M. 
Published: April 2024

Background
Behçet's disease (BD) is considered a chronic multisystem disorder, where neurological manifestations are common. There is scarcity of investigations that have assessed the autonomic nervous system dysfunction in BD, with conflicting results.

Objectives
The current study aimed to identify presence of autonomic nervous system dysfunction using neurophysiological assessment in BD and to investigate the relationship between the indicators of autonomic function and the disease activity parameters.

Patients and methods
The study involved 30 patients with BD in accordance with the Universal Criteria for Behçet's Diseases and 25 controls, who were subjected to clinical evaluation and Palmar sympathetic skin response (SSR).

Results
Patients with BD had a significant difference in SSR (P<0.001) compared with controls. Moreover, a significant positive association was found among neuropathic pain and disease activity parameters.

Conclusion
The study confirms the presence of sympathetic autonomic dysfunction in BD, which related to disease activity using a simple noninvasive test such as SSR.
Role of single-breath diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Abd-Allah Hamdy M. , Abdalla Hytham , Ahmed Shazly , Mohammed Mahmoud H. 
Published: April 2024

Background
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common, preventable, and treatable disease characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation that is due to airway and/or alveolar abnormalities, usually caused by significant exposure to noxious particles or gases. The chronic airflow limitation that characterizes COPD is caused by a mixture of small airway disease (e.g. obstructive bronchiolitis) and parenchymal destruction (emphysema), the relative contributions of which vary from person to person.

Aim
The aim of the study was to measure diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide using single-breath technique in different stages of COPD.

Patients and methods
A total of 100 patients with COPD with mild to very severe obstruction were included in the study.

Results
There was a statistically significant negative (inverse) correlation between both transfer capacity of the lung (TLCO%) and KCO and PCO2 and HCO3, and there was a statistically significant positive (direct) correlation between both TLCO% and KCO and PO2, and arterial oxygen saturation. There was a statistically significant positive (direct) correlation between forced vital capacity %, forced expiratory volume in 1 s%, forced expiratory flow (FEF)25%, FEF50%, and FEF75% and each of TLCO% and KCO.

Conclusion
Decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity is associated with decline in diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide, and it is affected more in patients with severe and very severe degrees of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Assessment of right ventricular function after successful percutaneous coronary intervention to chronic total occlusion using different echo-Doppler modalities
Authors: Zaki Eman R. 
Published: April 2024

Background and aim
Chronic total occlusion is a common condition in patients with coronary artery disease and represents one of the most challenging targets of lesion recanalization with successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Different echo-Doppler modalities can be used for the assessment of right ventricular (RV) performance in patients undergoing PCI with reported superiority of the newer modalities. The aim was to assess the effect of successful PCI for chronic totally occluded vessel on the RV performance by different echo-Doppler modalities.

Patients and methods
The present study enrolled 25 patients with chronic total occlusion for whom PCI was performed. Patients were subjected to history taking, clinical assessment, 12-lead surface ECG, and evaluation of RV functions before, within 48 h after successful PCI, and 1 month later, using conventional and new echo-Doppler modalities. Echo-Doppler parameters included RV dimensions, Doppler flow velocities (E, A, and E/A) across tricuspid valves, RV fractional area change (RV-FAC), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, tissue Doppler systolic, and diastolic velocities (Sa, Ea, and Aa) at the lateral tricuspid annulus, in addition to evaluation of RV global longitudinal strain (RV-GLS).

Results
There was no significant improvement of parameters reflecting RV function comparing the pre-PCI and 48-h post-PCI values. On the contrary, significant improvement was detected comparing the echo-Doppler measures of either the pre- or 48-h PCI value with those of 1 month later. There was a significant increase of RV-FAC, tricuspid Sa and Ea, and RV-GLS (P<0.05). The E/A ratio of tricuspid flow and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion showed no significant difference from pre- to 48 hr or 1-month PCI value.

Conclusion
RV performance improves after successful PCI of chronic totally occluded vessels. Newer echo-Doppler modalities appear to be better tools for assessment of RV performance.
Evaluation of serum sodium levels and mean platelet volume in children with community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Hamed Amira Mohamed , Ibrahim Mohamed Fahmey , Fayed Hamada Kawshty , Abd EL-Meguid Mona Mohamed , Hassen Shimaa Esmail 
Published: April 2024

Background and aim
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the frequent causes of hospital admission, whereas hyponatremia (HN) is a common electrolyte abnormality in hospitalized patients and is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Mean platelet volume (MPV) may be a useful predictor for the diagnosis of CAP but not in disease severity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate serum levels of sodium and MPV in a child with CAP.

Patients and methods
This is a case–control study that has been carried out in a Malawi General Hospital. The total (100) participants included in the study were classified into two groups as follows: group I which is the case group included 50 children with clinical and laboratory evidence of pneumonia ranging from 1 month to 3 years. Group II which is the control group included 50 children (apparently healthy control) who attended for nonchest problem or serious medical condition. Serum sodium levels, hemoglobin levels, MPV, platelet count, total leukocyte count, and C-reactive protein were done to all children.

Results
HN was present in 82% of patients with CAP (41 out of 50). Patients with CAP had lower MPV than their healthy counterparts (7.11±0.42 vs. 9.14±1.04 fl; P<0.001). There was a statistically significant negative correlation between the grade of respiratory distress and the level of serum sodium and a positive correlation between the grade of respiratory distress and MPV (P<0.001).

Conclusion
HN is common among hospitalized children with CAP and MPV may be a useful predictor for the diagnosis of CAP.
Comparative study between hysteroscopy and transvaginal ultrasound in evaluation of unexplained infertility
Authors: EL-Darwish Abd-Elaziz , EL-Rashidy Mahmoud , Badawy Mahmoud , Mohammad Hend A. 
Published: April 2024

Background
Three types of uterine factors have been implicated in infertility: leiomyomas, endometrial polyps, and intrauterine adhesions. Mechanisms of infertility have not clearly been elucidated; however, the end result is decreased endometrial receptivity and reduced likelihood of embryo implantation. Transvaginal sonography is a sensitive method for the evaluation of the uterine masses and abnormalities.

Objective
To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of transvaginal ultrasonography in detection of intrauterine abnormalities compared with hysteroscopy in women with history of unexplained infertility.

Patients and methods
The study was conducted in infertility clinic of Al-Azhar Assiut University Hospital. A total of 30 cases were included in the study during the period between August 2018 and March 2019. The chief complaint of patients was unexplained infertility. All candidates underwent transvaginal ultrasound, and the uterus was examined in longitudinal and transverse planes (two-dimensional transvaginal ultrasound) and the three-dimensional transvaginal ultrasound), and hysteroscopic examination was done for all cases using general anesthesia.

Results
In our current study, using transvaginal ultrasound, we diagnosed 28 cases with abnormalities (nine intrauterine adhesions, seven fibroids, six polyps, four irregular endometrium, one case of endometritis, and one case of septum). By hysteroscopy, 27 cases were confirmed to have abnormalities (11 intrauterine adhesions, five fibroids, seven polyps, two endometritis, and two cases of septum).

Conclusion
Routine use of transvaginal sonography (two dimensional and three dimensional) in diagnosing uterine cavity abnormalities is satisfactory and consequently is becoming a basic tool in investigating infertile patients. Hysteroscopy which is the gold standard in investigating the uterine cavity should be used to confirm the findings of transvaginal sonography and also when transvaginal sonography gives doubtful results.
Role of the lung function test in asthmatic children admitted to Al-Azhar University (Assiut)
Authors: Hamed Amira M.M. , Mohammed Mohammed F. , Awad Khaled H. , Abdel-Rahman Yousry A.A.H. 
Published: April 2024

Background and aim
Lung function, especially spirometry, is an important investigatory tool in the evaluation of asthma in children. This study aimed to compare the clinical condition of asthmatic children using the lung function test before and after treatment and after 3 months as a follow-up of asthmatic patients admitted to Al-Azhar Assiut University Hospital.

Patients and methods
This clinical study was a prospective study that included 60 asthmatic children aged 6–16 years with bronchial asthma plus 30 children matched for age, sex and nutritional status as a control group over a period of 13 months from December 1, 2019 to December 31, 2020.

Results
The age of the children included in this study was found to be mean±SD 9.033±2.843, with a male predominance (male : female ratio 58% : 42%) and a positive family history of asthma (61%) and other allergic disorders (65%). There was a statistically significant change in forced expiratory volume at first second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and the FEV1/FVC ratio that showed considerable improvement in both age groups at admission, after receiving the suitable treatment and at follow-up 3 months after discharge.

Conclusion
Pediatric asthma is a major clinical concern and represents a huge burden on the family and society, hence the importance of prompt and early diagnosis that includes lung function testing, especially FEV1, FVC, and FEV1/FVC ratio, in not only diagnosis but also for monitoring the efficacy of treatment and follow-up.
Bile leak following T-tube removal
Authors: Shemy Gamal G. , Hassan Ahmed M. , Elias Abd Al-Kareem 
Published: April 2024

Background and aim
and objectives T-tube choledochostomy is performed following open or laparoscopic common bile duct exploration. There is increased concern regarding safety and efficiency of choledochostomy. The present paper evaluates the short-lived effectiveness and safety of T-tube bile leak after its removal.

Patients and methods
A total of 86 cases of choledocholithiasis were admitted to Al-Azhar University Hospital, Assiut. They underwent cholecystectomy (open), choledochotomy, and T-tube choledochostomy. T-tube choledochography was performed 10 days after surgery, and removal of the tube was done after 12 days.

Results
Morbidities, mainly bile leak and peritonitis, were estimated. A total of 10 patients had evidence of radiological leak. Marked biliary reactions were noticed in six cases promptly following T-tube removal. Five of these cases had clinical peritonitis, treated conservatively. Only one patient had biliary peritonitis and required reoperation.

Conclusion
The operative use of T-tube choledochostomy has been in dramatical decline in the past 20 years (owing to the development and adoption of removal lesser invasive maneuvers of choledocholithiasis removal). Manipulation of T-tube (situation and extraction) is technically exigent. Intricacy and morbidity are critical; thus, it is recommended not to be performed as a routine maneuver. Easier options must be taken into account initially.
Gastric Mallory–Weiss tear after cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Authors: Esmat Rami , Wifi Mohamed-Naguib , Abdellatif Abeer A. , Alboraie Mohamed 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Mallory–Weiss tear is a rare complication that could result following cardiopulmonary resuscitation, leading to vigorous upper gastrointestinal bleeding. We illustrate a case of an 84-year-old male patient, admitted to the hospital for investigation of lung nodules and bilateral pleural effusion. The patient developed cardiac arrest during pleural aspiration, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation was done, which was followed shortly by an attack of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Urgent upper endoscopy revealed a mucosal tear with submucosal oozing of blood and two large vessels in its floor, which were successfully managed endoscopically with both injection and hemoclips. This case report emphasizes the importance of considering this potential complication, especially after performing a successful cardiac resuscitation.