bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elektrolysen in Essigsäureanhydrid
Authors: Schmidt Hans , Wittkopf Ingeborg , Jander Gerhart 
Published: February 2011

AbstractZur Erweiterung der Kenntnisse über den Zustand der in Acetanhydrid gelösten Salze wurde die Möglichkeit der Elektrolyse und deren quantitative Auswertung durch Nachprüfung des Faradayschen Gesetzes untersucht. Essigsäureanhydrid zeigt sich praktisch als Isolator, während die Auflösungen einiger Salze in ihm den Strom leiten. Wir elektrolysierten eine Anzahl von Salzen in Acetanhydrid und stellten fest, daβ die Nachprüfung des Faradayschen Gesetzes durch kathodische Metallabscheidung wegen der groβen Reaktionsfähigkeit des Solvens gegenüber vielen Metallen sehr erschwert wird. Eingehender wurden die Verhältnisse am Beispiel der Elektrolyse des Thallium(I)‐acetats untersucht. Quantitative Metallabscheidungen erhielten wir aus Lösungen von SbBr3, AsCl3 und von SbCl3 mit KCl, wobei sich die Auflösung von KGl in einer SbCl2‐Lösung für die elektrolytische Antimonabscheidung als besonders geeignet erwies. Aus HgBr2‐ Lösung wurde an der Kathode reines Hg2Br2 abgeschieden. Sehlieβlich lieβ sich aus Alkaliacetaten und Alkalihalogeniden bei Gegenwart von geringen Mengen Eisessig Wasserstoff in der theoretischen Menge entwickeln. Günstiger als für die Kationen lagen die Verhältnisse bei der Abscheidung der Halogene an einer Silberanode. Besonders geeignet waren vor allem die Chloride, wie z. B. ZnCl2, SbCl3, AsCl3, BiCl3, sowie Tetramethylammoniumchlorid und Triphenylchlormethan.Die durchgeführten Untersuchungen zeigen, daβ das Gesetz von Faraday im allgemeinen auch für die Elektrolysen der in Acetanhydrid gelösten Salze gilt. Die Abweichungen sind in vielen Fällen auf Sekundärreaktionen des Solvens mit den abgeschiedenen Primärprodukten zurückzuführen, die noch weiterer Untersuchungen bedürfen.
Über anorganische Verblndungen des Stickoxyds. VI: Über den Nitrosglcyonokomplex des Nickels
Authors: Hieber W. , Nast R. , Proeschel E. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractDer seit langem umstrittene Verlauf der Reaktion zwischen Kalium‐tricyanoniccolat (I) K2[Ni(CN)3] und Stickoxyd wird aufgeklärt, das Reaktionsprodukt aus nichtwässerigen Systemen (flüssiges Ammoniak abs. Äthanol) isoliert und als Kalium‐Nitrosyltricyanoniccolat der Zusammensetzung K2[Ni(CN)3NO] identifiziert.Die Zersetzungsreaktion des K2[Ni(CN)3NO] und des Natrium‐Nitrosylpentacyanoferrats Na2[Fe(CN) NO] mit verdünnten Säuren wird quantitativ verfolgt und läβt den weitgehenden Zusammenhang deutlich werden, der zwischen dem Kalium‐Nitrosyltricyanoniccolat, den Nitrosylhalogeniden des Nickels und den Nitroprussiaten besteht. Hierbei werden allgemeine Strukturfragen erörtert und die Bezeichnung “Nitroprussiat” in einem erweiterten Sinne für alle Nitrosylcyanokomplexe vorgeschlagen, deren zentrale Metallatome “edelgasartige” Ionen bildet.Das Ioh [Ni(CN)3NO]2‐ besitzt somit ‐ als bisher einziger Nickelkomplex ‐ Nickelcarbonyl‐Struktur und ist daher auch als tetraedrisch gebaut anzusehen.
Tumor Rupture Predicts Early Metastasis and Poor Prognosis in Stage III Soft Tissue Sarcomas
Authors: Chen Yong , Hao JiHui , Yang Yun , Yang JiLong , Hao XiShan 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackgroundTumor rupture is considered a R2 resection and is not uncommonly encountered when attempting a tumor‐free resection, especially in high‐risk soft tissue sarcomas. The predictive value of tumor rupture for metastasis development and its impact on metastasis‐free interval needs to be investigated and further taken into consideration in preoperative planning.MethodsFrom January 1993 to December 2009, 276 cases of stage III soft tissue sarcoma were collected from Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institution and Hospital. The clinical characteristics and histopathological features were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed with treatment modalities, tumor rupture status for disease‐specific survival (DSS), distant recurrence‐free survival (DRFS), and metastasis‐free interval (MFI).ResultsOf the 276 patients who underwent surgical resection of their tumors, 53 patients experienced a tumor rupture. Median follow‐up period was 68 months. Two‐year and 5‐year overall survival rates for patients with tumor rupture were 46 and 27% compared with 76 and 57% for patients without tumor rupture, respectively. Median overall survival for patients with tumor rupture was 24 months compared with 56 months for those without. In multivariate analysis, FNCLCC grade III, tumor > 10 cm, tumor rupture, and no chemotherapy were associated with decreased DSS and DRFS. Tumor rupture predicted shorter MFI of 5 months compared with 15 months of those without tumor rupture.ConclusionsTumor rupture was associated with decreased DSS and DRFS in stage III sarcomas. It also predicted early metastasis and directly impacted patient’s survival. Additional procedures should be investigated to avoid tumor rupture.
Crystallization and Polymorphism of 1,3‐Acyl‐Palmitoyl‐rac‐Glycerols
Authors: Craven R. John , Lencki Robert W. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractCrystallization and melting behavior, small‐angle X‐ray scattering, X‐ray powder diffraction and infra‐red absorbance were measured for nine 1,3‐acyl‐palmitoyl‐rac‐glycerols (1,3‐acetoyl‐, ‐butyroyl‐, ‐hexanoyl‐, ‐octanoyl‐, ‐decanoyl‐, ‐lauroyl, ‐myristoyl‐ and ‐oleoyl‐palmitoyl‐rac‐glycerol and 1,3‐dipalmitoyl‐glycerol). All but one of the prepared 1,3‐diacylglycerols (1,3‐DAG) were β‐stable with 1,3‐acetoyl‐palmitoyl‐rac‐glycerol being the exception (β′‐stable). Small‐angle X‐ray scattering indicates that molecules in β‐tending diacid 1,3‐DAG adopt a herringbone‐type configuration similar to monoacid 1,3‐DAG. In this configuration acyl chains of the same length associate and regular chain‐end matching between terminal methyl groups delineate lamellae. In contrast, molecules in crystalline 1,3‐acetoyl‐palmitoyl‐rac‐glycerol are oriented similar to those of 1(3)‐monoacylglycerol. Interestingly, DSC curves indicate five of the nine diacid compounds have meta‐stable forms—suggesting these forms are quite common for diacid 1,3‐DAG. Meta‐stable forms are observed in the melting curve when the difference in length between acyl chains is large (1,3‐acetoyl‐, ‐butyroyl‐ and ‐hexanoyl‐palmitoyl‐rac‐glycerol), and in the crystallization curve when the difference is moderate (1,3‐decanoyl‐ and ‐lauroyl‐palmitoyl‐rac‐glycerol).
Targeting Huntington’s disease through histone deacetylases
Authors: Gray Steven G. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractHuntington’s disease (HD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative condition with significant burdens on both patient and healthcare costs. Despite extensive research, treatment options for patients with this condition remain limited. Aberrant post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins is emerging as an important element in the pathogenesis of HD. These PTMs include acetylation, phosphorylation, methylation, sumoylation and ubiquitination. Several families of proteins are involved with the regulation of these PTMs. In this review, I discuss the current evidence linking aberrant PTMs and/or aberrant regulation of the cellular machinery regulating these PTMs to HD pathogenesis. Finally, I discuss the evidence suggesting that pharmacologically targeting one of these protein families the histone deacetylases may be of potential therapeutic benefit in the treatment of HD.
Survey of undergraduate pain curricula for healthcare professionals in the United Kingdom
Authors: Briggsl Emma V. , Carrl Eloise C.J. , Whittakerl Maggie S. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe prevalence and burden of pain has long been reported as problematic. Comprehensive pain education in undergraduate programmes is essential for developing knowledgeable, skilled and effective healthcare professionals. This cross‐sectional survey describes the nature, content and learning strategies for pain curricula in undergraduate healthcare programmes in major universities in the United Kingdom (UK). Document analysis also highlighted gaps in pain‐related standards from professional regulators and a higher education quality assurance body. The sample consisted of 19 higher education institutions delivering 108 programmes across dentistry, medicine, midwifery, nursing, occupational therapy, pharmacy, physiotherapy and veterinary science.Seventy‐four (68.5%) questionnaires were returned averaging 12.0 h of pain content with physiotherapy and veterinary science students receiving the highest input. Pain education accounted for less than 1% of programme hours for some disciplines. Traditional teaching methods dominated (e.g. lectures 87.8%) and only two programmes had fully implemented the International Association for the Study of Pain's (IASP) curricula. Minimal pain‐related standards were found from professional regulators and the quality assurance documents.Pain education is variable across and within disciplines and interprofessional learning is minimal. Published curricula for pain education have been available for over 20 years but are rarely employed and pain is not a core part of regulatory and quality assurance standards for health professions. The hours of pain education is woefully inadequate given the prevalence and burden of pain. Recommendations include the introduction of pain‐related educational standards across all professions, greater integration of pain content in undergraduate programmes and interprofessional approaches to the topic.
Congenital laryngoptosis: An unusual case
Authors: Eyibilen Ahmet , Aladağ İbrahim , Kocakoç Ercan 
Published: February 2011

AbstractLaryngoptosis is a rare anomaly of the larynx. The larynx is localized in a position lower than its normal position. A 15‐year‐old boy presented with hoarseness of voice. Physical examination showed that the larynx was in an abnormal position. There were no palpated tracheal rings. A low‐pitched monotonic voice was the only symptom of laryngoptosis. Magnetic resonance imaging showed that the larynx was almost localized on the manibrium sterni, and the diagnosis was laryngoptosis.
Printmedia poll reporting in Poland: Poll as news in Polish parliamentary campaigns, 1991–2007
Authors: Szwed Robert 
Published: February 2011

Information about the support given by the public opinion to political actors has become a constant element of the public debate in Poland after the fall of Communism. Very soon polls became an argument in debates, a premise, or a way to justify decisions. At the same time they were criticized both by politicians and journalists convinced that polls can significantly influence the election results. But the fact was not noticed in Poland that all debates about the influence of polls on election outcomes should be preceded by a discussion of the way they are presented in the media. The present article joins this debate by subjecting to analysis the polls published in the Polish press during parliamentary campaigns in the dimensions of the role they played during the recent several years, the quality of methodological information, and of the way the polls were used in the media.
As opposed to European and American analyses, no improvement in the conformity to standards of minimal disclosure in newspapers’ reporting of public opinion polls was noticed, although—like in other countries—a dramatic increase in the number of polls reported was observed.
Holocene lake sedimentation in the steppe zone of southeastern Transbaikalia (exemplified by the sediments of Lake Zun-Soktui)
Authors: Bazarova V.B. , Grebennikova T.A. , Mokhova L.M. , Orlova L.A. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Data on lacustrine sediments permitted reconstructing climate and vegetation changes in the steppe zone of southeastern Transbaikalia in the Holocene and the evolution of Lake Zun-Soktui. Also, changes in the size of the lake water plane have been reconstructed. A shallow lake formed in place of an oxbow lake in the middle Boreal phase of the Holocene. In the Atlantic phase, the lake had maximum depth and area. In the late Boreal, early Subboreal, and in the second half of the Subatlantic phase, the lake underwent significant shallowing and sometimes dried up for a short time. In the middle Boreal and Atlantic phases, the aridization decreased considerably. It has been established that pine forest belts on the Onon high plain before the Subatlantic occupied several times more space than now.
Grape juice concentrate prevents oxidative DNA damage in peripheral blood cells of rats subjected to a high-cholesterol diet
Authors: Aguiar Odair , Boiago Gollücke Andréa Pittelli , de Moraes Bárbara Bueno , Pasquini Gabriela , Catharino Rodrigo Ramos , Riccio Maria Francesca , Miki Ihara Silvia Saiuli , Ribeiro Daniel Araki 
Published: February 2011

The goal of the present study was to investigate whether subchronic treatment with grape juice concentrate is able to protect liver and peripheral blood cells against cholesterol-induced injury in rats. The effects of the grape juice concentrate treatment on histopathological changes, immunohistochemistry for cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2), and basal and oxidative DNA damage induced by H2O2using a single-cell gel (comet) assay were evaluated. Male Wistar rats (n18) were divided into three groups: group 1 – negative control; group 2 – cholesterol at 1 % (w/w) in their diet, treated for 5 weeks; group 3 – cholesterol at 1 % in their chow, treated for 5 weeks, and grape juice concentrate at 222 mg/d in their drinking-water in the final week only. The results indicated that the treatment with grape juice concentrate did not show remarkable differences regarding liver tissue in group 3 compared with group 2. However, grape juice concentrate was able to decrease oxidative DNA damage induced by H2O2in peripheral blood cells, as depicted by the tail moment results. COX-2 expression in the liver did not show statistically significant differences (P>0·05) between groups. Taken together, the present results suggest that the administration of subchronic grape juice concentrate prevents oxidative DNA damage in peripheral blood cells.
Authigenesis of native sulphur and dolomite in a lacustrine evaporitic setting (Hellín basin, Late Miocene, SE Spain)
Authors: LINDTKE J. , ZIEGENBALG S. B. , BRUNNER B. , ROUCHY J. M. , PIERRE C. , PECKMANN J. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAbundant sulphur is present in the Late Miocene evaporitic sequence of the lacustrine Hellín basin in SE Spain. Weathering of Triassic evaporites controlled the chemical composition of the Miocene lake. The lacustrine deposits comprise gypsum, marlstones, diatomites and carbonate beds. Sulphur-bearing carbonate deposits predominantly consist of early diagenetic dolomite. Abundant dolomite crystals with a spheroidal habit are in accordance with an early formation and point to a microbial origin. The carbon isotopic composition of the dolomite (δ13C values between −10 and −4‰) indicates mixing of lake water carbonate and carbonate derived from the remineralization of organic matter by heterotrophic bacteria. Dolomite precipitated syngenetically under evaporitic conditions as indicated by high oxygen isotope values (δ18O between +6 and +11‰). Nodules of native sulphur are found in gypsum, carbonate beds and marlstone layers. Sulphur formed in the course of microbial sulphate reduction, as reflected by its strong depletion in34S (δ34S values as low as −17‰). Near to the surface many of the sulphur nodules were in part or completely substituted by secondary gypsum, which still reflects the sulphur isotopic composition of native sulphur (−18 to −10‰). This study exemplifies the role of bacterial sulphate reduction in the formation of dolomite and native sulphur in a semi-enclosed lacustrine basin during Late Miocene time.
Ethnic Revolt, State-Building and Patriotism in Republican China: The 1937 West Hunan Miao Abolish-Military-Land Resist-Japan Uprising
Authors: McCORD EDWARD A. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis paper examines how an ethnic Miao uprising in West Hunan in 1937 became the site for the interaction of a broad range of competing local, provincial, and national interests. The target of the uprising was atuntiansystem formed from confiscated Miao lands in the early nineteenth century to support a military system defending against Miao disturbances. Surviving anachronistically into the twentieth century, the military land rents of this system formed a base for warlord power on Hunan's western frontier. The uprising arose opportunistically in the context of a struggle over the resources of this system between the warlord of West Hunan and a provincial governor whose provincial state-building project sought to end the region's long political autonomy. The uprising consequently drew the attention of Nationalist Party factions who saw it as an opportunity to use the uprising to undermine the provincial governor in the interest of their own centralizing state-building project. Finally, the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War allowed uprising leaders to recast the uprising as a patriotic movement, seeking equality for the Miao of West Hunan by the abolition of thetuntiansystem and offering the mobilization of uprising forces for service at the front once this goal was achieved. In the end, the uprising functioned as a palimpsest upon which the multiple motivations and desires of its participants, in their broad social, political and personal contexts, were written and overwritten.
Burning Laws and Strangling Kings? Voltaire and Diderot on the Perils of Rationalism in Politics
Authors: Rasmussen Dennis C. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe thinkers of the French Enlightenment are frequently depicted as political rationalists, meaning that they advocated subjecting all laws, institutions, and practices to the withering light of reason, and discarding those found wanting by its standards. However, two of the most prominent philosophes, Voltaire and Diderot, were in factopponentsof the kind of political rationalism that they are often thought to have embraced. Both of these thinkers rejected the idea of a single “rational” political order, advocated gradual reform rather than wholesale change, and denied that the steady application of reason could produce inevitable or endless progress. In effect the Enlightenment was a “revolt against rationalism” (as Peter Gay has called it) not only in the epistemological, psychological, and ethical spheres, but also in the political one.
Response of Prochlorococcus ecotypes to co-culture with diverse marine bacteria
Authors: Sher Daniel , Thompson Jessie W , Kashtan Nadav , Croal Laura , Chisholm Sallie W 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Interactions between microorganisms shape microbial ecosystems. Systematic studies of mixed microbes in co-culture have revealed widespread potential for growth inhibition among marine heterotrophic bacteria, but similar synoptic studies have not been done with autotroph/heterotroph pairs, nor have precise descriptions of the temporal evolution of interactions been attempted in a high-throughput system. Here, we describe patterns in the outcome of pair-wise co-cultures between two ecologically distinct, yet closely related, strains of the marine cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus and hundreds of heterotrophic marine bacteria. Co-culture with the collection of heterotrophic strains influenced the growth of Prochlorococcus strain MIT9313 much more than that of strain MED4, reflected both in the number of different types of interactions and in the magnitude of the effect of co-culture on various culture parameters. Enhancing interactions, where the presence of heterotrophic bacteria caused Prochlorococcus to grow faster and reach a higher final culture chlorophyll fluorescence, were much more common than antagonistic ones, and for a selected number of cases were shown to be mediated by diffusible compounds. In contrast, for one case at least, temporary inhibition of Prochlorococcus MIT9313 appeared to require close cellular proximity. Bacterial strains whose 16S gene sequences differed by 1–2% tended to have similar effects on MIT9313, suggesting that the patterns of inhibition and enhancement in co-culture observed here are due to phylogenetically cohesive traits of these heterotrophs.
Autotrophic growth of nitrifying community in an agricultural soil
Authors: Xia Weiwei , Zhang Caixia , Zeng Xiaowei , Feng Youzhi , Weng Jiahua , Lin Xiangui , Zhu Jianguo , Xiong Zhengqin , Xu Jian , Cai Zucong , Jia Zhongjun 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
The two-step nitrification process is an integral part of the global nitrogen cycle, and it is accomplished by distinctly different nitrifiers. By combining DNA-based stable isotope probing (SIP) and high-throughput pyrosequencing, we present the molecular evidence for autotrophic growth of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) in agricultural soil upon ammonium fertilization. Time-course incubation of SIP microcosms indicated that the amoA genes of AOB was increasingly labeled by 13CO2 after incubation for 3, 7 and 28 days during active nitrification, whereas labeling of the AOA amoA gene was detected to a much lesser extent only after a 28-day incubation. Phylogenetic analysis of the 13C-labeled amoA and 16S rRNA genes revealed that the Nitrosospira cluster 3-like sequences dominate the active AOB community and that active AOA is affiliated with the moderately thermophilic Nitrososphaera gargensis from a hot spring. The higher relative frequency of Nitrospira-like NOB in the 13C-labeled DNA suggests that it may be more actively involved in nitrite oxidation than Nitrobacter-like NOB. Furthermore, the acetylene inhibition technique showed that 13CO2 assimilation by AOB, AOA and NOB occurs only when ammonia oxidation is not blocked, which provides strong hints for the chemolithoautotrophy of nitrifying community in complex soil environments. These results show that the microbial community of AOB and NOB dominates the nitrification process in the agricultural soil tested.
Light-induced blockage of cell division with a chromatin-targeted phototoxic fluorescent protein
Authors: Serebrovskaya Ekaterina O. , Gorodnicheva Tatiana V. , Ermakova Galina V. , Solovieva Elena A. , Sharonov George V. , Zagaynova Elena V. , Chudakov Dmitriy M. , Lukyanov Sergey , Zaraisky Andrey G. , Lukyanov Konstantin A. 
Published: February 2011

Proteins of the GFP (green fluorescent protein) family are widely used as passive reporters for live cell imaging. In the present study we used H2B (histone H2B)–tKR (tandem KillerRed) as an active tool to affect cell division with light. We demonstrated that H2B–tKR-expressing cells behave normally in the dark, but transiently cease proliferation following green-light illumination. Complete light-induced blockage of cell division for approx. 24 h was observed in cultured mammalian cells that were either transiently or stably transfected with H2B–tKR. Illuminated cells then returned to normal division rate. XRCC1 (X-ray cross complementing factor 1) showed immediate redistribution in the illuminated nuclei of H2B–tKR-expressing cells, indicating massive light-induced damage of genomic DNA. Notably, nondisjunction of chromosomes was observed for cells that were illuminated during metaphase. In transgenic Xenopus embryos expressing H2B–tKR under the control of tissue-specific promoters, we observed clear retardation of the development of these tissues in green-light-illuminated tadpoles. We believe that H2B–tKR represents a novel optogenetic tool, which can be used to study mitosis and meiosis progression per se, as well as to investigate the roles of specific cell populations in development, regeneration and carcinogenesis in vivo.