bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of processing time on the bizarreness and orthographic distinctiveness effects
Authors: GOUNDEN YANNICK , NICOLAS SERGE 
Published: March 2012

Gounden, Y. & Nicolas, S. (2012). The impact of processing time on the bizarreness and orthographic distinctiveness effects. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 53, 287–294.The bizarreness effect and the orthographic distinctiveness effect (OD effect) are typical cases of secondary‐distinctiveness‐based effects. This study tested the simple attentional account or processing time hypothesis as a possible explanation of the bizarreness effect and the OD effect. In the bizarreness effect literature, this hypothesis gained support by some studies but was also discredited by other research. In light of these conflicting results, Experiment 1 was devised to test the processing time hypothesis in the bizarreness effect by using black‐and‐white concrete images and manipulating the time allotted for processing the stimuli (500 ms, 1000 ms, 3000 ms). Concerning the OD effect, no research has directly investigated the impact of processing time by examining the effect under varying amounts of study time. Experiment 2 was thus devised to investigate this same hypothesis in the OD effect and time allotted for processing the stimuli was manipulated (250 ms, 500 ms, 1000 ms, 3000 ms). Results did not support the processing time hypothesis since the magnitude of the bizarreness effect and of the OD effect was not modulated by the amount of time allotted for processing the stimuli. We refer to alternative explanations to account for these two secondary‐distinctiveness‐based effects.
Equity Between Overlapping Generations
Authors: QUIGGIN JOHN 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis note is a demonstration that, in the presence of overlapping generations and under standard conditions for a social welfare ordering (Pareto optimality, transitivity, and independence), the only ordering consistent with utilitarianism for all people currently alive at any given point in time is one based on weighting all people equally, regardless of their date of birth. In particular, this implies that, under reasonable conditions, the pure rate of social time preference is zero.
COMING TO JUDGMENT: METHODOLOGICAL REFLECTIONS ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ECCLESIOLOGY, ETHNOGRAPHY AND POLITICAL THEORY
Authors: BRETHERTON LUKE 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis essay theoretically frames the inter‐relationship between ecclesial and political life and suggests how the ethnographic study of this intersection might generate theological conceptualisations of both. It argues there is a dialectical relationship between conceptualisations of ecclesial and political life and that their proper study requires attention to practice in order to generate judgments on both. The key issue here is the kind of rationality from which judgments on practice are derived. A case is made for practical reason as having priority over theoretical reason when thinking about politics and the need to move beyond interpretation to judgment.
THE CONFESSIONS OF STANLEY: ACCOUNTING FOR A HUMAN LIFE LIVED BEFORE GOD
Authors: GREGGS TOM 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis discussion of Stanley Hauerwas’Hannah's Child examines the implications of the book for the disciplines of historical and doctrinal theology. Locating the success of theological biography and autobiography in its description of God in relation to lived human existence, the article considers certain points of contact between Hannah's Child and St Augustine's Confessions. Building from this description of the task of theological autobiography, the article makes three points for historical and doctrinal theology arising from Hannah's Child: first that historical theology is primarily a theological discipline; second that it is significant and important, nevertheless, for historical theology to retain its historical accidence; third that doctrine involves teaching and learning the Christian faith and is thereby of ethical significance.
Transcranial direct current stimulation of the affected hemisphere does not accelerate recovery of acute stroke patients
Authors: Rossi C. , Sallustio F. , Di Legge S. , Stanzione P. , Koch G. 
Published: March 2012

Background and purpose:  Transcranial direct current stimulation (TDCS) is a potential tool to improve motor deficits in chronic stroke patients. Safety and efficacy of this procedure in acute stroke patients have not yet been addressed.Methods:  We performed in our stroke unit a single‐centre randomized, double‐blind, sham‐controlled study to investigate safety and efficacy of anodal TDCS of the affected hemisphere in acute stroke patients. The second day from stroke onset, 50 acute stroke patients received either five‐daily sessions of anodal (n = 25) at 2 mA for 20 min or sham TDCS (n = 25) to the ipsilesional primary motor cortex (M1). Motor deficit was assessed by the short form of the Fugl–Meyer motor scale (FM) and overall neurological deficit by the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) at onset, at 5 days after stroke and after 3 months.Results:  No side effects were detected during either TDCS or sham. In both groups, there was a significant improvement in NIHSS and FM scores, which did not significantly differ when comparing TDCS and sham.Conclusions:  Five‐daily sessions of anodal TDCS to the ipsilesional M1 appear to be safe in acute stroke patients but do not improve clinical outcome.
Successful outcome of episodes of status epilepticus after vagus nerve stimulation: a multicenter study
Authors: Sierra‐Marcos A. , Maestro I. , Rodríguez‐Osorio X. , Miró J. , Donaire A. , Aparicio J. , Rumiá J. , Forcadas M. , Garamendi I. , Pardo J. , López J. , Prieto Á. , Plans G. , Falip M. , Carreño M. 
Published: March 2012

Background and purpose:  Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has been reported to be a safe and effective treatment for drug‐resistant epilepsy. The aim of this study is to describe the effect of VNS in patients with a history of repeated episodes of status epilepticus (SE) before implantation.Methods:  From a total of 83 adult patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy who had VNS implanted in four tertiary centers in Spain between 2000 and 2010, eight had a previous history of repeated episodes of SE. We performed a retrospective observational study analyzing the outcome of seizures and episodes of SE after implantation. Stimulation was started at the usual settings, and intensity increased according to clinical response and tolerability.Results:  Regarding the eight patients with a history of SE, the mean age at time of VNS implantation was 25.1 [14–40] years. Duration of epilepsy until the implantation was 21.7 [7–39.5] years, and they had been treated with a mean of 12 antiepileptic drugs [10–16]. Mean follow‐up since implantation was 4.15 [2–7.5] years. Average seizure frequency decreased from 46 to 8.2 per month. Interestingly, four of the eight patients remained free of new episodes of SE after implantation, and in two additional patients, the frequency decreased by >75%. Adverse effects were mild or moderate in intensity and included mainly coughing and dysphonia.Conclusion:  In those patients with refractory epilepsy and history of SE who are not surgical candidates, VNS is a safe and effective method to reduce seizure frequency and episodes of SE.
Tripartite adjudication—an endangered species
Authors: Corby Susan , Latreille Paul 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTThis article focuses on the role of lay members in tripartite employment tribunals, arguing that tribunals' legitimacy has been undermined by restrictions on the use of members' workplace experience, by the growth of the law, by changes to the method of lay member appointment and because judges now decide certain cases alone.
Obstacles to transnational trade union cooperation in Europe—results from a European survey
Authors: Larsson Bengt 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTThis article analyses obstacles to transnational union cooperation within Europe. It is based on a survey of unions in 14 European countries and all members of the European Trade Union Confederation. The result shows that ‘hard’ industrial relations factors are generally more important obstacles to transnational cooperation than ‘softer’ factors such as cultural, linguistic, ideological and religious differences and that there are sectoral differences in experiences of obstacles to transnational union cooperation: unions in the manufacturing sector tend to emphasise differences in industrial relations and a lack of organisational resources for transnational union cooperation, whereas low organisational priorities are held to be of more importance in the services sector and for unions for professional workers.
Prevalent founder mutation c.736T>A of LIPH in autosomal recessive woolly hair of Japanese leads to variable severity of hypotrichosis in adulthood
Authors: Tanahashi K. , Sugiura K. , Takeichi T. , Takama H. , Shinkuma S. , Shimizu H. , Akiyama M. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackground  Mutations in LIPH are a cause of autosomal recessive woolly hair (ARWH). Homozygous c.736T>A (p.Cys246Ser), and compound heterozygous c.736T>A and c.742C>A (p.His248Asn) have been reported in 5 and 7 Japanese children with ARWH respectively. The severity of hypotrichosis is known to be able to change in the clinical course, and the mutation patterns of LIPH do not always correlate with the severity of hypotrichosis in ARWH caused by other mutation sites of LIPH. However, all 12 Japanese children previously reported to have ARWH have shown similar severity of hypotrichosis.Objective  In this study, we investigated the clinical features and molecular basis of ARWH in patients including three adults (three adults and two children) from five non‐related Japanese families.Methods  Five families of Japanese origin that presented with woolly hair were studied. The phenotype was confirmed by clinical examination. Direct automated DNA sequencing of the LIPH gene was performed to identify the mutations in our probands.Results  All patients had had woolly hair since birth. Homozygous c.736T>A mutations were found in four patients, including three adult cases, and compound heterozygous c.736T>A and c.742C>A mutations were found in one child patient. The two adults and two children had only sparse scalp hair, although one adult woman had mild hypotrichosis with long hairs.Conclusion  Some patients with homozygous c.736T>A can have a mild hypotrichosis phenotype with long hairs in adulthood.
Nail penetration and predicted mycological efficacy of an innovative hydrosoluble ciclopirox nail lacquer vs. a standard amorolfine lacquer in healthy subjects
Authors: Monti D. , Herranz U. , Dal Bo L. , Subissi A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackground  In a previous study a new hydrosoluble nail lacquer (P‐3051) containing 8% ciclopirox (CPX) showed higher nail penetration compared to a water‐insoluble 5% amorolfine (MRF) lacquer. To our knowledge, in vivo human data on a similar topic are not available.Objectives  To compare fingernail penetration of P‐3051 with that of MRF reference in humans and to evaluate their predicted efficacy against Trichophyton rubrum and Candida parapsilosis.Methods  Single centre, randomized, multiple dose, open label, within subjects study. Test and reference were self‐applied to all fingernails of either hand for 28 days. At baseline and after 15 and 25 days, the nail free edge was collected for analysis. Efficiency coefficients were calculated for T. rubrum and C. parapsilosis as ratios of nail concentration/minimum inhibitory concentration. The coefficients were classified as very high, high or poor.Results  Nail concentrations after 15 days were 2.82 ± 0.58 μg/mg for CPX and 0.64 ± 0.11 μg/mg for MRF. At day 25 there was a non‐significant decline (1.85 ± 0.31 μg/mg, P = 0.077) for CPX and a highly significant (0.13  ± 0.03 μg/mg, P = 0.0002) 80% decline for MRF. Efficiency coefficients were very high/high in all subjects treated with P‐3051 against both T. rubrum and C. parapsilosis; they were significantly lower for MRF reference against both pathogens at both observation points.Conclusions  P‐3051 exhibited better penetration and higher predicted efficacy after in vivo multiple application to human fingernails when compared to MRF reference. These in vivo data are in good agreement with our previous in vitro study.
Dermoscopy guided scalp biopsy in cicatricial alopecia
Authors: Miteva M. , Tosti A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackground  Scalp biopsies are crucial for the diagnosis of cicatricial alopecia. However, the pathologic interpretation may not be diagnostic if biopsy is not obtained from the correct site. This is particularly relevant for cicatricial alopecia as the disease may be focal and disease activity difficult to appreciate by the naked eye.Objective  To report a new simple technique to select the optimal biopsy site in cicatricial alopecia.Methods  In the last 2 years we performed dermoscopy guided scalp biopsies using handled dermatoscopes in 80 patients with different forms of cicatricial alopecia. Biopsy site was selected based on presence of the following dermatoscopic features: perifollicular concentric white scales in lichen planopilaris, frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) and discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE); hair tufts in folliculitis decalvans, hairs surrounded by a peripilar grey‐white halo in central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia and follicular red dots or keratotic plugs in DLE.Results  The dermoscopy guided biopsies yielded a definitive pathological diagnosis in 95% of the cases.Comment  The advantage of this method is that it is a fast, precise way to identify even individually affected follicles in early or focal cicatricial alopecia. It also allows for the morphologic characterization of particular follicular structures.
Enabling Self‐determination for Older Workers with Intellectual Disabilities in Supported Employment in Australia
Authors: McDermott Shannon , Edwards Robyn 
Published: March 2012

Background  Promoting self‐determination is recognized to be an essential element of disability service provision; however, the extent to which older people with intellectual disability working in supported employment are enabled to make intentional decisions about retirement is not well understood.Methods  This research explored the views of older people with disability and service providers to understand the elements that impact on people’s decision to retire. Seventy‐six people participated in semi‐structured interviews, including 33 older people with intellectual disability working in supported employment, 10 people who had retired and 30 service providers.Results  Service providers strongly supported the right of people to retire; however, people with disability almost never reported the ability to make self‐determined choices about retirement. Barriers to self‐determination included an association between retirement, poor health and meaningless activities, which was perpetuated through structural service gaps.Conclusion  Although disability services and service providers emphasize the importance of promoting self‐determination for people with disability, those working in supported employment are not currently enabled to make self‐directed choices about retirement. To address this requires more flexible services, better information about retirement, exposure to real experiences and assistance to express preferences and participate in problem solving throughout the lifespan.
Time‐bubbles of nationalism: dynamics of solidarity ritual in lived time
Authors: Collins Randall 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe growth of modern nationalism can be attributed to structural causes, especially the growth of the strong bureaucratic state that penetrates society, creating cultural uniformity and national identity. But structurally based nationalism need not be very intense, or constant; even when institutionalised in periodic formal rituals, it can be routine, low in emotion – even boring. We need to explain sudden upsurges in popular nationalism, but also their persistence and fading in medium‐length periods of time. Nationalist surges are connected with geopolitical rises and falls in the power‐prestige of states: strong and expanding states absorb smaller particularistic identities into a prestigious whole; weaker and defeated states suffer delegitimation of the dominant nationality and fragment in sudden upsurges of localising nationalities. Passing from macro‐patterns to micro‐sociological mechanisms, conflict producing solidarity is a key mechanism: dramatic events focus widespread attention and assemble crowds into spontaneous ‘natural rituals’ – mass‐participation interaction rituals, as distinct from formal rituals. Evidence from public assemblies and the display of national symbols following the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001 (9/11) shows an intense period of three months, then gradual return to normal internal divisions by around six months. Spontaneous rituals of national solidarity are produced not only by external conflict but by internal uprisings, where an emotional upsurge of national identity is used to legitimate insurgent crowds and discredit regimes. Although participants experience momentary feelings of historic shifts, conflict‐mobilised national solidarity lives in a 3–6‐month time‐bubble, and needs to institutionalise its successes rapidly to have long‐term effects.
Changes in global longitudinal strain during rest and exercise in patients treated with cardiac resynchronization therapy
Authors: Valzania Cinzia , Gadler Fredrik , Boriani Giuseppe , Eriksson Maria J. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryRelatively few data have been reported on prospective changes in global longitudinal strain (GLS) following cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), and none are available on GLS during physical exercise. We investigated the effects of CRT on GLS, assessed by speckle tracking two‐dimensional (2D) echocardiography, at rest and during exercise after a mid‐term follow‐up. Twenty consecutive CRT patients (45% ischaemic) were assessed prospectively by speckle tracking 2D echocardiography before implant (at rest) and at mid‐term follow‐up (during rest and bicycle exercise). GLS, septum and lateral wall longitudinal strain, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and conventional functional variables were evaluated at baseline and follow‐up. All patients completed the study protocol at rest. Exercise images were available in 90% of the patients. At follow‐up, GLS improved at rest from −7·1 ± 2·6% to −9·1 ± 4·5% (P<0·01), with a further increase to −11 ± 5·1% during exercise (P<0·001). Longitudinal strain increased at rest both in the septum and in the lateral wall, with an additional increase during exercise in the lateral wall (P<0·05). GLS correlated with LVEF both at rest (r = −0·55 and r = −0·91 at baseline and 3 months, respectively; P<0·05) and during exercise (r = −0·89, P<0·05). Improvement in GLS during rest and exercise can be observed in CRT patients at mid‐term follow‐up and seems to correlate with changes in LVEF. GLS may be a valuable method to assess left ventricular function during rest and exercise.
Biophysical properties of Nav1.8/Nav1.2 chimeras and inhibition by µO‐conotoxin MrVIB
Authors: Knapp O , Nevin ST , Yasuda T , Lawrence N , Lewis RJ , Adams DJ 
Published: March 2012

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Voltage‐gated sodium channels are expressed primarily in excitable cells and play a pivotal role in the initiation and propagation of action potentials. Nine subtypes of the pore‐forming α‐subunit have been identified, each with a distinct tissue distribution, biophysical properties and sensitivity to tetrodotoxin (TTX). Nav1.8, a TTX‐resistant (TTX‐R) subtype, is selectively expressed in sensory neurons and plays a pathophysiological role in neuropathic pain. In comparison with TTX‐sensitive (TTX‐S) Navα‐subtypes in neurons, Nav1.8 is most strongly inhibited by the µO‐conotoxin MrVIB from Conus marmoreus. To determine which domain confers Nav1.8 α‐subunit its biophysical properties and MrVIB binding, we constructed various chimeric channels incorporating sequence from Nav1.8 and the TTX‐S Nav1.2 using a domain exchange strategy.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Wild‐type and chimeric Nav channels were expressed in Xenopus oocytes, and depolarization‐activated Na+ currents were recorded using the two‐electrode voltage clamp technique.KEY RESULTS MrVIB (1 µM) reduced Nav1.2 current amplitude to 69 ± 12%, whereas Nav1.8 current was reduced to 31 ± 3%, confirming that MrVIB has a binding preference for Nav1.8. A similar reduction in Na+ current amplitude was observed when MrVIB was applied to chimeras containing the region extending from S6 segment of domain I through the S5‐S6 linker of domain II of Nav1.8. In contrast, MrVIB had only a small effect on Na+ current for chimeras containing the corresponding region of Nav1.2.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Taken together, these results suggest that domain II of Nav1.8 is an important determinant of MrVIB affinity, highlighting a region of the α‐subunit that may allow further nociceptor‐specific ligand targeting.
The Role of Ownership in Determining the Rural Economic Benefits of On‐shore Wind Farms
Authors: Phimister Euan , Roberts Deborah 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe development of the wind energy sector is often promoted as a means of supporting rural economies. This paper focuses on how the ownership structure of on‐shore wind power plants (external, farmer or community) affects the size and distribution of impacts within the rural part of a region. Empirical analysis is based on a regional computable general equilibrium model of North East Scotland with the results compared to those generated from a standard social accounting matrix multiplier analysis. With no local ownership, while rural GDP increases, there is almost no effect on household incomes due to the limited direct linkages of the on‐shore wind sector. Local ownership increases the household income benefits but there are still limited positive spill‐over effects on the wider economy unless factor income is re‐invested in local capital. With re‐investment, farm household ownership gives rise to the largest increase in total household income but community ownership gives rise to the largest increase in rural (non‐farm) household incomes and welfare. The results contribute to the on‐going debate about the opportunity cost of external asset ownership in rural areas.