bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of aging on the inhibitory function in middle‐aged subjects: a functional MRI study coupled with a color‐matched Stroop task
Authors: Mathis Alexandre , Schunck Thérèse , Erb Gilles , Namer Izzie Jacques , Luthringer Rémy 
Published: May 2009

AbstractObjectiveThe effects of aging on the inhibitory function are largely described in the neuroimaging literature but little data is available on the beginning of this age‐related impairment.MethodsIn this study, we described the cortical activation of middle‐aged (mean age ± standard error to the mean, 51.7 ± 3.1) subjects compared to young (26.8 ± 3.4) and elderly subjects (62.8 ± 3) while they performed a color‐matched Stroop task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. The task consisted in identifying the printing color of a word regardless of its meaning. Three conditions were defined depending on the meaning of this word; neutral (no meaning), congruent (color name matching the printing color), incongruent (color name mismatching the printing color), with interference effect in the latter.ResultsMiddle‐aged subjects were as slow as elderly compared to young for all conditions and both were less accurate than young subjects during interference condition. Elderly showed an activity more bilateral and greater in the parietal lobule, the dorsolateral and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC, VLPFC) during both congruent and incongruent conditions compared to young. Middle‐aged showed an intermediary level of activity between those of elderly and young subjects in the left DLPFC, VLPFC and parietal lobule only during incongruent condition.ConclusionThese results suggested that the age‐related impairment of the inhibitory process could already occur around the age of 50 years and consist in an increase of the activity in the left prefrontal and parietal cortex before increasing more and becoming bilateral around the age of 60 years. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The symptomatology of post‐stroke depression: comparison of stroke and myocardial infarction patients
Authors: Bour A. , Rasquin S. , Aben I. , Strik J. , Boreas A. , Crijns H. , Limburg M. , Verhey F. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackgroundDepression is a frequent problem in stroke patients but, all too often, the problem goes unrecognized. How depression‐like symptoms in post‐stroke depression (PSD) should be interpreted is still subject to debate. If PSD has a distinct symptom profile of depression accompanying other chronic vascular somatic conditions then this could imply that PSD is a specific disease entity.ObjectiveTo study whether depressed stroke patients exhibit other signs and symptoms than patients suffering from depression after myocardial infarction (MI).MethodsDepressive signs and symptoms were measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the 17‐item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. The results of 190 stroke patients were compared with the results of 198 MI patients every 3 months during the first year after the event.ResultsDepressed stroke patients exhibited more loss of interest, psychomotor retardation, and gastro‐intestinal complaints as compared to depressed MI patients. However, in multivariate analyses including both depressed and non‐depressed stroke and MI patients, no specific symptom profile was found to differentiate between the two depressive syndromes by looking at the modifying effect of stroke vs MI on the occurrence of specific symptoms in depression.ConclusionAlthough in their clinical presentation, depressed stroke patients exhibit a symptom profile different from depressed MI patients, this is not due to differences in the depressive syndrome in these two patient groups but it reflects differences between stroke and MI patients in general. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Responses of water erosion to rainfall extremes and vegetation types in a loess semiarid hilly area, NW China
Authors: Wei Wei , Chen Liding , Fu Bojie , Lü Yihe , Gong Jie 
Published: May 2009

AbstractRainfall extremes (RE) become more variable and stochastic in the context of climate change, increasing uncertainties and risks of water erosion in the real world. Vegetation also plays a key role in soil erosion dynamics. Responses of water erosion to RE and vegetation, however, remain unclear. In this article, on the basis of the data measured on 15 plots (area: 10 m × 10 m and 10 m × 5 m) and the definition of World Meteorological Organization (WMO) on rainfall extremes, 158 natural rainfall events from 1986 to 2005 were analysed, and rain depth and maximal 30‐min intensity (MI30) were used to define RE. Then, water erosion process under RE and five vegetation types (spring wheat, alfalfa, sea buckthorn, Chinese pine, and wheatgrass) were studied in a key loess semiarid hilly area, NW China. The following findings were made: (1) The minimal thresholds of depth and MI30 for defining RE were determined as 40·11 mm and 0·55 mm/min, respectively. Among the studied rainfall events, there were four events with both the variables exceeding the thresholds (REI), five events with depths exceeding 40·11 mm (REII), and four events with MI30 exceeding 0·55 mm/min (REIII). Therefore, not only extreme rainstorm, but also events with lower intensities and long durations were considered as RE. Moreover, RE occurred mostly in July and August, with a probability of 46 and 31%, respectively. (2) Extreme events, especially REI, in general caused severer soil‐water loss. Mean extreme runoff and erosion rates were 2·68 and 53·15 times of mean ordinary rates, respectively. The effect of each event on water erosion, however, becomes uncertain as a result of the variations of RE and vegetation. (3) The buffering capacities of vegetation on RE were generally in the order of sea buckthorn > wheatgrass > Chinese pine > alfalfa > spring wheat. In particular, sea buckthorn reduced runoff and erosion effectively after 3–4 years of plantation. Therefore, to fight against water erosion shrubs like sea buckthorn are strongly recommended as pioneer species in such areas. On the contrary, steep cultivation (spring wheat on slopes), however, should be avoided, because of its high sensitivities to RE. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evo‐devo and “typological thinking”: an exculpation
Authors: Lewens Tim 
Published: May 2009

AbstractMany biologists, historians and philosophers of biology have followed Mayr in rejecting so‐called “typological thinking.” It should therefore be a cause for concern that modern evolutionary‐developmental biology appears committed to various typological notions. This article distinguishes three accusations that have been levelled against the typological thinker. It argues that although there are indeed typological themes within evo‐devo, they do not impugn its respectability as a research program. Moreover, an appreciation of the sense in which evo‐devo is typological allows us to understand the distinctive contribution evo‐devo can make to evolutionary studies. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 312B:789–796, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and herbicidal activity of 3‐aryl‐1‐[2‐(aryloxy)propanoyl]imidazolidine‐2,4‐diones
Authors: Li Ke , Shi De‐Qing 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
magnified imageA series of novel 3‐aryl‐1‐[2‐(aryloxy)propanoyl]imidazolidine‐2,4‐diones were synthesized by the condensation of 3‐aryl‐imidazolidine‐2,4‐diones with 2‐(aryloxy)propanoyl chlorides under mild conditions. Their structures were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, mass spectroscopy, and elemental analyses. The preliminary bioassay indicated that the target compounds II displayed excellent herbicidal activity against monocotyledonous (barnyard grass) and dicotyledonous (oil rape) plants. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).
Effect of thrombin and bradykinin on endothelial cell mechanical properties monitored through membrane deformation
Authors: Cuerrier Charles M. , Gagner Andréanne , Lebel Réjean , Gobeil Fernand , Grandbois Michel 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe endothelium is closely implicated in the control and maintenance of the vascular homeostasis. The functions of endothelial cells are highly regulated by several agonists of G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCR), which can mediate signals involved in morphological remodeling. Here, we evaluated the mechanical properties of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in responses to two physiological agonists namely thrombin and bradykinin. We used the atomic force microscopy (AFM) technique to study changes in cell membrane stiffness and interaction between the actin cytoskeleton and the cell membrane. HUVEC stimulated with thrombin (10 nM) and bradykinin (1 µM) showed a temporal increase in their membrane stiffness from 5.0 ± 0.1 kPa (control) to 8.2 ± 0.4 kPa (thrombin) and 7.3 ± 0.5 kPa (bradykinin) and in membrane tethers elongation forces from 43.9 ± 0.9 pN (control) to 49.5 ± 0.8 pN (thrombin) and 53.1 ± 0.8 pN (bradykinin). These results were consistent with the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton observed in fluorescence microscopy. This study demonstrates that these agonists induce important modifications of the cell membrane properties that can be directly linked to the reorganization and the interaction of the actin cytoskeleton near the apical side of the membrane. These changes in the mechanical properties of endothelial cells provide relevant informations in the biological and pathophysiological behaviors of endothelial cells. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inter‐decadal variability of Tibetan spring vegetation and its associations with eastern China spring rainfall
Authors: Wang Yuanxiang , Zhao Ping , Yu Rucong , Rasul Ghulam 
Published: May 2009

AbstractUsing the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index of NOAA/AVHRR, the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecast reanalysis and the Climate Prediction Center Merged Analysis of Precipitation data for the period 1982–1999, the relationship between the inter‐decadal variability of spring (April–May) vegetation over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and spring rainfall over eastern China was investigated. The results show that when the vegetation over the TP increases in spring, the spring rainfall enhances to the north of the Yangtze River and reduces to the south of the river. This relationship is well supported by the feedback of vegetation to climate and the background atmospheric circulation changes.Corresponding to more vegetation over the TP in spring, the surface sensible heating increases and local air temperature at the surface and in the troposphere also increases. The air volume expands, and the divergence becomes dominant in high‐level atmosphere over the TP, with an increase in the upper‐tropospheric geopotential height. This indicates an upper‐tropospheric intensified ridge over the TP in spring.The intensified ridge extends toward eastern China. An anomalous anti‐cyclone appears over the TP and eastern China, with anomalous divergence in the upper troposphere and anomalous convergence in the lower troposphere. Meanwhile, an anomalous cyclonic circulation appears in the lower troposphere over the northern region of eastern China, accompanying with the local anomalous upward motion. Therefore, the spring rainfall enhances over these regions. To the south of the upper‐tropospheric anomalous anti‐cyclonic centre, however, the upper easterlies from the western North Pacific Ocean retard while reaching the southeast coasts of China. This may result in the upper‐tropospheric anomalous convergence, with anomalous divergence and an anomalous anti‐cyclonic circulation in the lower troposphere over southeastern China and its coasts. Consequently, the spring rainfall weakens over these regions. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Vertical moisture profile characteristics of severe surface drought and surface wetness in the western United States: 1973–2002
Authors: Garrity Colleen M. , Cerveny Randall S. , Wentz Elizabeth A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractDrought can be viewed as a three‐dimensional phenomenon rather than simply a surface feature. We characterize drought across the western United States from 1973 to 2002 in a three‐dimensional context by examining its vertical moisture extent using NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis data derived from rawinsonde moisture profiles. We then apply a discriminant analysis to establish the degree of difference between the vertical moisture profiles of extreme drought and extreme wetness conditions. The mean vertical moisture profiles of dry cases are measurably drier than those of wet regions, particularly at the lower levels of the profile. The discriminant analysis of the 9254 cases indicates that moisture in the lowest (850 hPa) level of the profile is most important in identifying dry versus wet regions, and, consequently, implies a strong influence of convective precipitation in defining surface drought and wet conditions in the study region. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Determination of polyphenolic constituents and biological activities of bark extracts from different Pinus species
Authors: Yesil‐Celiktas Ozlem , Ganzera Markus , Akgun Ismail , Sevimli Canan , Korkmaz Kemal S , Bedir Erdal 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: The most common commercially available pine bark extract is Pycnogenol®, a standardised extract of Pinus maritima, which has been reported to have cardiovascular benefits and enhance microcirculation. The present study was conducted to determine the chemical composition of four pine bark extracts, assess their biological activities and to compare the results with Pycnogenol®.RESULTS: The Pinus species were analysed by LC and LC‐MS; extracts of P. brutia and P. nigra showed higher levels of phenolic constituents compared to P. sylvestris and P. pinea. In particular, P. brutia contained extremely high concentrations of taxifolin (18.5%). The highest radical scavenging activities were attained with P. pinea (88.6%), P. nigra (87.2%) and P. brutia (86.4%) bark extracts. Additionally, anticarcinogenic effects of the extracts and their kinetics were determined in four cell lines including human prostate (PC‐3, DU 145, LNCaP) and breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7) by the MTT assay. Cell viability was reduced to 40% by extracts of P. pinea, and P. sylvestris in PC‐3 cells showing a similar effect like the positive control, CPT‐11.CONCLUSION: Pinus species other than P. maritima definitively possess high biological activities, and therefore present a huge potential to be utilised in the food and the pharmaceutical industries. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of milk proteins and gums on quality of bread made from frozen dough
Authors: Shon Jinhan , Yun Young , Shin Malshick , Chin Koo Bok , Eun Jong‐Bang 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Mixtures of milk proteins and gums incorporated into bread formulations may enhance the quality of bread and retard the deterioration of frozen dough. Our objective was to investigate the effects of mixtures of milk proteins (casein (C) and whey protein (W)) and gums (sodium alginate (A) and κ‐carrageenan (K) on the quality of bread made from frozen dough. We hypothesized that bread containing milk proteins and gums would be of improved quality. Milk proteins improve texture, moisture retention and specific volume, and reduce the size of ice crystals, while gums incorporated into the bread improve moisture retention, control water mobility and prevent the growth of ice crystals, so we hypothesized milk proteins and gums would suppress the quality deterioration of bread during frozen storage.RESULTS: We found that mixtures of milk proteins and gums proved effective with regard to the maintenance of the baking quality of frozen dough. Breads containing CA had a higher specific loaf volume than the control bread. The addition of WK enhanced crumb firmness during extended frozen storage. In sensory evaluation, the addition of WA and CA contributed to the improvement of baking quality, taste, texture and acceptability.CONCLUSION: These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that mixtures of milk proteins and gums improved baking quality by reducing the deterioration of frozen dough. These results indicate that the addition of CA and WA improved the bread quality and WK could effectively be used as an anti‐staling agent in bread. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Structural changes, chemical composition and antioxidant activity of cherry tomato fruits (cv. Micro‐Tom) stored under optimal and chilling conditions
Authors: Gómez Perla , Ferrer M Ángeles , Fernández‐Trujillo J Pablo , Calderón Antonio , Artés Francisco , Egea‐Cortines Marcos , Weiss Julia 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Cherry tomato fruits cv. Micro‐Tom, a model plant for tomato genetics, were analysed in order to determine the main structural and chemical changes under optimal and chilling storage conditions. The comparison of Micro‐Tom to standard tomato cultivars will give an insight into suitability of this dwarf cultivar as a model for studying the influence of low‐temperature conditions on tomato fruits.RESULTS:During chilling, fruit tissue was progressively destroyed due to the collapse of the deep layers of the pericarp. Chilling lowered the typical tomato kinetics of ripening in sugars (glucose, fructose, sucrose), organic acids (tartaric, malic, citric, ascorbic and succinic) and the antioxidants phenol and lycopene, while carotenoid synthesis seemed to be blocked. Glutathione level was elevated and the activity of ROS scavenging enzymes was altered. Essentially, Micro‐Tom fruits showed a quality evolution that was similar to that described for standard tomato cultivars.CONCLUSION:The cherry tomato cultivar Micro‐Tom could be used as a model for studying the influence of low temperature on biochemical and structural changes taking place during chilling injury conditions. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Quality of life after breast cancer surgery: What have we learned and where should we go next?
Authors: Pockaj Barbara A. , Degnim Amy C. , Boughey Judy C. , Gray Richard J. , McLaughlin Sarah A. , Dueck Amylou C. , Perez Edith A. , Halyard Michele Y. , Frost Marlene H. , Cheville Andrea L. , Sloan Jeff A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractTreatment options for women with newly diagnosed breast cancer include breast conservation therapy and mastectomy with or without reconstruction, which provide equivalent cancer outcomes in properly selected patients. Although multiple studies have evaluated breast surgery quality‐of‐life outcomes, the data are inconsistent. This factor is important to consider when counseling patients and defining surgical quality measures. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;99:447–455. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association between color doppler vascularity index, angiogenesis‐related molecules, and clinical outcomes in gastric cancer
Authors: Chen Chiung‐Nien , Lin Jen‐Jen , Lee Hsinyu , Cheng Yung‐Ming , Chang King‐Jen , Hsieh Fon‐Jou , Lai Hong‐Shiee , Chang Chien‐Cheng , Lee Po‐Huang 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPurposeThis study was conducted to evaluate the correlation between color Doppler vascularity index (CDVI), clinical outcomes and five angiogenesis‐related molecules including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), placenta growth factor (PlGF), cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and calreticulin (CRT) in gastric cancer, and to develop an effective model selected from these five molecules to predict patient survival.Patients and MethodsCDVI could be obtained preoperatively by transabdominal ultrasound from 30 patients. Enzyme immunoassay was adopted to determine protein level of VEGF and PlGF, and immunohistochemistry was used to detect COX‐2, iNOS and CRT expression. Correlation between CDVI and five individual molecules was assessed. Multiple molecules model was developed using classification and regression tree (CART) analysis from five molecules, and was tested for patient survival in another 45 patients.ResultsCDVI was significantly correlated with patient survival (P = 0.00907) and absolute number of metastatic lymph nodes (P = 0.01). There was no significant association between CDVI and any individual molecule. The model, developed by CART consisting of VEGF and PlGF, could differentiate high and low CDVI and survival in testing group (P = 0.00257).ConclusionsCDVI was associated with lymph node metastasis, combined VEGF and PlGF expression status and patient survival in gastric cancer. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;99:402–408. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tempofilter II for tumor emboli prevention during radical nephrectomy and inferior vena cava thrombus resection for renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Feng Xiang , Bao Junmin , Jing Zaiping , Hou Jianguo , Gao Xu 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPatients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) frequently have tumor thrombus of the renal vein or inferior vena cava (IVC). During radical nephrectomy, the tumor thrombus may become dislocated due to manipulation of the IVC during tumor isolation, which may result in pulmonary embolism. Placement of vena cava filters at the proximal end of the tumor thrombus have successfully prevented pulmonary embolism. We herein report the use of the Tempofilter II, a temporary filter for the prevention of pulmonary embolism.MethodsFrom 2006 to 2008, seven patients with RCC and level II or III IVC tumor thrombus received radical nephrectomy with resection of the tumor thrombus. The Tempofilter II was inserted before the operation and removed postoperatively.ResultsThe resection was successful in all seven cases. No complications, pulmonary embolism, or perioperative death occurred. No metastasis or tumor recurrence was detected during the follow‐up period.ConclusionsThe Tempofilter II is effective in preventing pulmonary embolism during resection of RCC and IVC thrombi. The filter is simple to insert and removal does not required imaging. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;100:159–162. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Endoscopic pedicled nasoseptal flap reconstruction for pediatric skull base defects
Authors: Shah Rupali N. , Surowitz Joshua B. , Patel Mihir R. , Huang Benjamin Y. , Snyderman Carl H. , Carrau Ricardo L. , Kassam Amin B. , Germanwala Anand V. , Zanation Adam M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:A prospective study of endoscopic expanded endonasal approaches (EEA) with nasoseptal flap reconstructions revealed anecdotal evidence of less available relative septal length in pediatric patients. Our goal is to use radioanatomic analysis of computed tomography (CT) scans to determine limitations of the nasoseptal flap in pediatric skull base reconstruction and to describe clinical outcomes after using the nasoseptal flap in six pediatric patients.Study Design:Six pediatric patients who underwent EEA with nasoseptal flap reconstruction were prospectively analyzed for flap coverage and postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak. Fifty maxillofacial CTs of individuals <18 years of age and 10 adult images underwent radioanatomic analysis.Methods:Measurements included potential nasoseptal flap dimensions and dimensions required to reconstruct an anterior skull base defect, a trans‐sellar defect, and a transclival defect. Measurements were compared to determine if flap size would be sufficient to cover independent EEA defects within different age groups.Results:Two out of three patients <14 years of age had inadequate flap coverage; one had a postoperative CSF leak. Patients >14 years of age had adequate flap coverage. Average potential flap length is less than average anterior skull base length until age 9 years to 10 years, and less than average trans‐sellar defect length until age 6 years to 7 years. Septal growth is most rapid between 10 years and 13 years.Conclusions:The pedicled nasoseptal flap may not be a viable option for EEA reconstruction in children <10 years of age. This flap is a reliable option in patients >14 years of age, as their septums are comparable to adults. Patients 10 years to 13 years of age require careful consideration of facial analysis and preoperative radioanatomic evaluation on an individual basis. Laryngoscope, 2009