bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic characteristics of multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates in Northwest China
Authors: Hu Meimei , Sun Hongjia , Xu Yanmei , Xu Xiaoying 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionIn recent decades, widespread multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria have become a serious problem in healthcare facilities.MethodsTo systematically summarize and investigate the prevalence and genomic features of clinical MDR Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) clinical isolates recovered from the first hospital of Lanzhou University, we collected 50 MDR A. baumannii isolates isolated in the first quarter of 2022 and using whole-genome sequencing investigate the genotypic characteristics.ResultsAll of these isolates were generally resistant to the common β-lactamase antibiotics. Resistance to cefoperazone-sulbactam varies greatly between different clones. The proportion of CC208 isolates resistant and mediated to cefoperazone-sulbactam is as high as 84.6%. There were no isolates resistant to tigecycline and colistin. The presence of blaOXA − 23 (94.0%) and blaOXA − 66 (98.0%) were the most frequent determinants for carbapenem resistance. Two main endemic clones were identified, one (ST469oxf) was predominantly circulating in ICUs and carried the same resistance genes, virulence genes and transposons, and the other clone (CC208) carried more resistance genes and had more widely disseminated.DiscussionOur study showed that clinical MDR A. baumannii isolates circulating in our hospital exhibited highly similar genetic features. We should take timely and effective measures to control the further epidemic of these isolates.
Effect of emotional stimulus on response inhibition in people with mild cognitive impairment: an event-related potential study
Authors: Wang Jing , Li Cheng , Yu Xiaohong , Zhao Yue , Shan Enfang , Xing Ying , Li Xianwen 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundA few studies are emerging to explore the issue of how aging promotes emotional response inhibition. However, there is a lack of empirical study concerning the impact of pathological cognitive impairment on emotional response inhibition. The present study investigated the effect of emotion on response inhibition in people with mild cognitive impairment, the stage of cognitive impairment before dementia.MethodsWe used two emotional stop-signal tasks to explore whether the dual competition framework considering limited cognitive resources could explain the relationship between emotion and response inhibition in mild cognitive impairment.ResultsThe results showed that negative emotions prolonged N2 latency. The Go trial accuracy was reduced in the high-arousal negative conditions and the stop-signal reaction time was prolonged under high-arousal conditions. This study also verified impaired response inhibition in mild cognitive impairment and found that negative emotions prolonged P3 latency in mild cognitive impairment.ConclusionEmotional information interferes with response inhibition in mild cognitive impairment populations, possibly because emotional information captures more attentional resources, thus interfering with response inhibition that relies on common-pool resources.
Association of the oxidative balance score with obesity and body composition among young and middle-aged adults
Authors: Zhu Zhiyong , Bai Hao , Li Zhaoping , Fan Miaomiao , Li Gang , Chen Liyong 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveThe oxidative balance score (OBS) is important for determining the cause of obesity and its complications. We aimed to evaluate the association between OBS and obesity and other segmental body composition parameters among young and middle-aged U.S. adults.Methods9,998 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2018 were included. Lean mass percentage (LM%) and FM% were evaluated by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Obesity was defined as body FM% ≥25% in men and ≥ 35% in women. The OBS was scored by 5 pro-oxidant and 21 antioxidant factors. Associations of quartiles of OBS with obesity risk were estimated using multivariable logistic regression models. Multivariable linear regression was conducted to estimate the association between OBS and segmental body composition measures including the arm LM%, leg LM%, torso LM%, whole LM%, arm FM%, leg FM%, torso FM% and total FM%.ResultsCompared to participants in the lowest quartile of OBS, those in the highest quartile of OBS were associated with a lower risk of BMI-defined obesity BMI-defined obesity [0.43 (0.36, 0.50)] and FM%-related obesity [0.43 (0.35, 0.52)]. Additionally, OBS was negatively associated with FM% of the limb and torso but positively associated with the percentage of lean mass (LM%) of the limb and trunk.ConclusionOBS was negatively associated with the risk of obesity and segmental FM%, but was positively associated with segmental LM% among US adults, indicating that adhering to an anti-oxidative diet and lifestyle management may be beneficial for preventing segmental obesity.
Qualitative and quantitative analysis methods for quality control of rhubarb in Taiwan’s markets
Authors: Au Thanh-Thuy-Dung , Ho Yu-Ling , Chang Yuan-Shiun 
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Rhubarb is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) used to release heat and has cathartic effects. Official rhubarb in Taiwan Herbal Pharmacopeias 4th edition (THP 4th) and China Pharmacopeia 2020 (CP 2020) are the roots and rhizomes of Rheum palmatum L., Rheum tanguticum Maxim. ex Balf., and Rheum officinale Baill. However, the Rheum genus is a large genus with many different species, and owing to the similarity in appearance and taste with official rhubarb, there needs to be more clarity in the distinction between the species of rhubarb and their applications. Given the time-consuming and complicated extraction and chromatography methods outlined in pharmacopeias, we improved the qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis methods for rhubarb in the market. Hence, we applied our method to identify the species and quality of official and unofficial rhubarb.Method: We analyzed 21 rhubarb samples from the Taiwanese market using a proposed HPLC-based extraction and qualitative analysis employing eight markers: aloe-emodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol, physcion, rhapontigenin, rhaponticin, and resveratrol. Additionally, we developed a TLC method for the analysis of rhubarb. KEGG pathway analysis was used to clarify the phytochemical and pharmacological knowledge of official and unofficial rhubarb.Results: Rhein and rhapontigenin emerged as key markers to differentiate official and unofficial rhubarb. Rhapontigenin is abundant in unofficial rhubarb; however, rhein content was low. In contrast, their contents in official rhubarb were opposite to their contents in unofficial rhubarb. The TLC analysis used rhein and rhapontigenin to identify rhubarb in Taiwan’s markets, whereas the KEGG pathway analysis revealed that anthraquinones and stilbenes affected different pathways.Discussion: Eight reference standards were used in this study to propose a quality control method for rhubarb in Taiwanese markets. We propose a rapid extraction method and quantitative analysis of rhubarb to differentiate between official and unofficial rhubarb.
Bipolar disorders and schizophrenia: discrete disorders?
Authors: Dines Micaela , Kes Mariana , Ailán Delfina , Cetkovich-Bakmas Marcelo , Born Christoph , Grunze Heinz 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundWith similarities in heritability, neurobiology and symptomatology, the question has been raised whether schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are truly distinctive disorders or belong to a continuum. This narrative review summarizes common and distinctive findings from genetics, neuroimaging, cognition and clinical course that may help to solve this ethiopathogenetic puzzle.MethodsThe authors conducted a literature search for papers listed in PubMed and Google Scholar, using the search terms “schizophrenia” and “bipolar disorder” combined with different terms such as “genes”, “neuroimaging studies”, “phenomenology differences”, “cognition”, “epidemiology”. Articles were considered for inclusion if they were written in English or Spanish, published as full articles, if they compared subjects with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, or subjects with either disorder with healthy controls, addressing differences between groups.ResultsSeveral findings support the hypothesis that schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are discrete disorders, yet some overlapping of findings exists. The evidence for heritability of both SZ and BD is obvious, as well as the environmental impact on individual manifestations of both disorders. Neuroimaging studies support subtle differences between disorders, it appears to be rather a pattern of irregularities than an unequivocally unique finding distinguishing schizophrenia from bipolar disorder. The cognitive profile displays differences between disorders in certain domains, such as premorbid intellectual functioning and executive functions. Finally, the timing and trajectory of cognitive impairment in both disorders also differs.ConclusionThe question whether SZ and BD belong to a continuum or are separate disorders remains a challenge for further research. Currently, our research tools may be not precise enough to carve out distinctive, unique and undisputable differences between SZ and BD, but current evidence favors separate disorders. Given that differences are subtle, a way to overcome diagnostic uncertainties in the future could be the application of artificial intelligence based on BigData.LimitationsDespite the detailed search, this article is not a full and complete review of all available studies on the topic. The search and selection of papers was also limited to articles in English and Spanish. Selection of papers and conclusions may be biased by the personal view and clinical experience of the authors.
Evaluation of Target Attainment for Tobramycin in Children and Adults with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Struiken Sheseira T. L. , Lobée Danique , Tuinen Eline L. van , Touw Daniel J. , Vaart Hester van der , Bourgonje Arno R. , Rottier Bart L. , Koppelman Gerard H. , Mian Paola 
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) commonly experience pulmonary exacerbations, and it is recommended by the TOPIC study to treat this with tobramycin at a dose of 10 mg/kg once daily. The aim of this study was to evaluate the target attainment of the current dosing regimen. Methods: A single-center retrospective cohort study of child and adult patients with CF who received tobramycin between 2019 and 2022 was conducted. Descriptive statistics and linear mixed models were used to assess target attainment for tobramycin. Results: In total, 25 patients (53 courses), of which 10 were children (12 courses) and 15 were adults (41 courses), were included. Those 25 patients all received 10 mg/kg/day. The tobramycin peak concentrations were supratherapeutic in 82.9% and therapeutic in 100.0% of adults and children, respectively. The trough concentrations were outside the target range in 0% and 5.1% of children and adults, respectively. We found lower tobramycin concentrations with the same dose in children compared to adults. Conclusions: This study illustrates the need to validate dosing advice in a real-world setting, as supratherapeutic concentrations of tobramycin were prevalent in adults with CF.
Structural Characterization of Polygonatum Cyrtonema Polysaccharide and Its Immunomodulatory Effects on Macrophages
Authors: Wen Ruiding , Luo Lu , Zhang Runcheng , Zhou Xudong , Wang Wei , Gong Limin 
Published: April 2024

A neutral Polygonatum cyrtonema polysaccharide (NPCP) was isolated and purified from Polygonatum cyrtonema by various chromatographic techniques, including DEAE-52 and Sephadex-G100 chromatography. The structure of NPCP was characterized by HPLC, HPGPC, GC-MS, FT-IR, NMR, and SEM. Results showed that NPCP is composed of glucose (55.4%) and galactose (44.6%) with a molecular weight of 3.2 kDa, and the sugar chain of NPCP was →1)-α-D-Glc-(4→1)-β-D-Gal-(3→. In vitro bioactivity experiments demonstrated that NPCP significantly enhanced macrophages proliferation and phagocytosis while inhibiting the M1 polarization induced by LPS as well as the M2 polarization induced by IL-4 and IL-13 in macrophages. Additionally, NPCP suppressed the secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α in both M1 and M2 cells but promoted the secretion of IL-10. These results suggest that NPCP could serve as an immunomodulatory agent with potential applications in anti-inflammatory therapy.
Managing patients with eating disorders: a qualitative study in primary care
Authors: Ashby Carrie , Ogden Jane 
Published: April 2024

Background
GPs play a key role in the diagnosis and management of eating disorders (EDs).

Aim
To explore GPs’ experiences of managing patients with EDs.

Design & setting
A qualitative study utilising remote semi-structured interviews in the UK.

Method
Fourteen GPs were interviewed about their experiences of supporting patients with EDs. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analysed using thematic analysis.

Results
The analysis described the following four themes: (i) ‘Continuity of care’, addressing the GP's relationship with patients and family, patient transitions across life stages and geographical areas, and patient non-attendance; (ii) ‘The role of guidance’, focusing on guidelines and protocols, referrals and specialist professionals as points of contact; (iii) ‘Structural barriers’, including waiting times, lack of resources, referral criteria, and relationships between services; (iv) ‘Confidence and skills’, reflecting professional and personal experience in EDs, previous training and training needs. Transcending these themes was the notion of the ‘Limits to the care’ GPs can provide owing to professional boundaries and the emotional impact of managing patients with EDs.

Conclusion
This study found that while GPs want to help patients with EDs many limits remain to the care they can provide owing to both internal and external factors. Funding is required for training and accessible specialist ED support, and greater clarity is needed regarding referral processes if ED management in primary care is to be optimised.
“The texture of et cetera” — Synchronizing with the Blurry Real in 21st Century Artists’ Novels (Sheila Heti, Ben Lerner, Kate Zambreno)
Authors: Chupin Yannicke 
Published: April 2024

Whether it is in the wake of a “Return to the Real” in visual arts” (Foster 1996), of “Reality Hunger” (Shields 2010), a number of novelists of the third millennium have shown an ever growing interest in accommodating the forms of the real into their fictions. For a certain category of novels, the fascination for the real translates into considerable changes brought to the novel’s inherent relation with time. As shown by Peter Boxall, the speed and instantaneity that are specific to our 21st century seems to be counterbalanced in a certain number of novels by an infinite attention to the slow passing moments of our everyday reality (2013, 1–18). This article focuses on three novels that revisit the forms of the Künstlerroman in the 21st century (Ben Lerner, Leaving the Atocha Station, 2011; Sheila Heti, How Should a Person Be? A Novel from Life, 2012; Kate Zambreno, Drifts, 2020) and looks at the strategies used by their narrators to grasp the elusive nature of the transient real while in the process redefining the novel as a site where to explore formal possibilities rather than as a set of generic constraints.
“Missing people never make sense”: Don DeLillo’s Point Omega or, Addressing the Terroristic Real to Oneself
Authors: Daanoune Karim 
Published: April 2024

Point Omega, Don DeLillo’s fifteenth novel, is both overtly and covertly about a historical reality, that of the Global War on Terror and some of its tragic consequences, the Iraq War and the Abu Ghraib scandals. Centered on the figure of Richard Elster, a retired architect of the GWOT, the novel enacts a counterterrorist politics of terror thanks to a haunting poetics. Indeed, everything about DeLillo’s opus seems to convey the general atmosphere of counterterrorist terror that characterized the US abroad and that is now surreptitiously and spectrally performed on national ground. Considering that the plot takes place in the US and that the main victims—whether direct for Elster’s daughter Jessie who disappears or, indirect for Elster himself in the face of that loss—are American citizens, I argue that the shadowy implementations of the GWOT have, so to speak, contaminated the US itself due to an autoimmune principle. I examine how DeLillo suggests that the terroristic real returns to the sender and afflicts those it was designed to protect in the first place.
Wargames as Realistic Tabletop Simulations of Fictional Events: The Case of Warhammer Games
Authors: Buthaud Martin 
Published: April 2024

For the past twenty years, games studies and research in literacy theory have discussed the connections between games and fiction, and have tried to better grasp how games build fictional worlds and the mechanisms which allow players to be immersed in such universes. In particular, this academic conversation has engaged with the ontology of games, with the objective of understanding what exactly is at stake in games and how fictional elements and real or virtual elements interact in such context. Yet most of these analyses mainly focused on videogames, both due to their recent emergence, and because they could supposedly provide richer and more detailed fictional worlds in which players could interact. In this paper, I instead expand the reflection on the ontology of games by looking at some specific non‑digital games, and more specifically wargames, through the case of the Warhammer games franchise. To do so, I address how exactly such games give players the opportunity to simulate fictional events, or in other words how they allow for a realistic representation of fictional battles depicted by Warhammer novels. To answer this question, I argue that the entanglement between fictional elements, rules, and miniatures in wargames allows players to create a realistic simulation of a military conflict, and that this relation provides a fruitful avenue to consider how fiction and reality can be bridged through games.
La présidence des États‑Unis après le 11 Septembre : l’Empire contre-attaque ?
Authors: Grivet Simon 
Published: April 2024

L’article explore la pertinence du concept de présidence impériale forgé par l’historien Arthur Schlesinger Jr. En 1973. Après avoir rappelé la teneur du fameux ouvrage, l’article montre comment la présidence Bush, en réponse aux attentats du 11 Septembre, s’est vu décerner par le Congrès des pouvoirs inouïs pour mener la « guerre à la terreur ». L’opposition aux nombreux excès de pouvoirs perçus, régulièrement dénoncés dans la presse, n’a conduit qu’à des réformes partielles lors des présidences suivantes.
L’onde de choc du 11 Septembre à la télévision étasunienne : genèse et (r)évolutions des séries-terrorisme
Authors: Pichard Alexis 
Published: April 2024

Cet article retrace l’histoire des séries-terrorisme (terror series), sous‑genre sériel né après les attentats du 11 septembre 2001. Empruntant au techno-thriller et au film de guerre, ces séries envahissent très vite les grilles des chaînes américaines et participent activement à propager le cadre herméneutique de la guerre contre le terrorisme établi par le gouvernement Bush. Objets du mass media télévisuel, des séries comme 24 ou Threat Matrix se muent ainsi en importants vecteurs de propagande au nom de l’unanimisme patriotique qui prend corps au soir des attentats. Cependant, au fil des revers et des scandales générés par une guerre au terrorisme conduite dans le mensonge et la dissimulation, les séries-terrorisme font preuve d’une équivocité grandissante dans ce qu’elles montrent et disent, ouvrant des espaces de contestation où sont abordées des questions polémiques comme l’islamophobie, la torture et l’emploi des drones armés, et où est mise en cause l’action des gouvernants. En cela, ces programmes se font à la fois les miroirs de leur époque, mais aussi des présidences durant lesquelles elles sont diffusées.
« Is that man crying or singing? » Faire œuvre d’écoute dans Sand Opera de Philip Metres
Authors: Daanoune Karim 
Published: April 2024

Écrite dans la tradition de la poésie documentaire américaine, Sand Opera (2015), œuvre multimodale et plurivocale du poète arabo-américain Philip Metres, tente de rendre compte d’une juxtaposition déroutante : à l’époque où le scandale des prisons d’Abu Ghraib retentissait, Metres et sa femme célébraient la naissance de leur nouvelle fille. Devant la coprésence de ces deux extrêmes, le poète s’interroge sur le caractère éthique de son travail. Comment la poésie peut‑elle redonner voix aux victimes sans esthétiser leur souffrance ? Quel espace le poème peut‑il espérer réserver à l’amour et à l’affection paternels quand le pire a lieu ? Comment accueillir la vie que symbolise le nouveau-né dans un monde dominé par la torture et la mort ? Comment protéger son enfant sans étouffer plus encore les voix des victimes déjà en proie au silence imposé par le terrorisme d’État ? Confronté à une Amérique qui cherche à dissimuler ses exactions, le poète met au jour les mécanismes de censure du gouvernement américain et propose, par l’entremise de sa fille et de l’éthique de l’écoute qu’elle nous somme d’adopter, que nous tendions l’oreille pour écouter la voix et la respiration résilientes des victimes de la « guerre contre la terreur ».
« From Ground Zero to Hero » : renégocier l’image des agents dans les séries télévisées post 11 Septembre
Authors: Lefebvre Manon 
Published: April 2024

Cet article étudie les évolutions des représentations d’agents du FBI dans les séries télévisées après le 11 Septembre. Ces transformations font écho aux mutations réelles opérées par l’agence pour regagner la confiance de l’opinion publique et de la classe politique, qui lui reprochaient de ne pas avoir su empêcher les attentats. Ces réformes structurelles ont eu pour effet de donner un rôle prééminent aux analystes, un changement significatif puisqu’ils étaient jusqu’alors considérés comme des agents de second rang. Ces mutations prennent à l’écran la forme de personnages plus développés, partiellement inspirés par la tendance du geek à la télévision en général et dans les sitcoms en particulier. Néanmoins, ces représentations tiennent également du fantasme, en particulier lorsqu’il est question de la diversité des agents : soit les scénaristes idéalisent le FBI, soit ils choisissent délibérément d’intégrer davantage de personnages féminins et de non-blancs afin d’élargir le public visé. Le corpus est principalement constitué de séries sécuritaires (« Terrorism TV », Stacy Takacs), un genre qui existait avant le 11 septembre 2001 mais qui a véritablement commencé à prospérer seulement après cet événement. Ces représentations seront contrastées avec les évolutions réelles de l’ancienne « meilleure agence de maintien de l’ordre au monde » — d’après les auditions de confirmation de son directeur de l’époque, Robert S. Mueller III— devenue agence de renseignement, afin de déterminer dans quelle mesure les séries ont indirectement contribué à lui faire retrouver son prestige d’antan.