bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethnopharmacological Survey of the Iranian Coastline of Makran Based
on the Unani Medicine
Authors: Sadeghi Zahra , Rigi Fatemeh , Hosseini Seyed Hamzeh , Rahdari Reza , Sahebkar Amirhossein 
Published: May 2024

Background::
Makran is a semi-desert coastal strip that extends from southeastern
Iran to Baluchestan, Pakistan, on the coast of the Oman Sea. This region has a special place in
the country and enjoys the cultural diversity of the Baluch people.

Aim::
As no specific ethnopharmacological data are available for the Makran coastline, the present
work was undertaken to document and analyze traditional knowledge of medicinal approaches
used by Baluch communities (Chabahar and Konarak counties) during 2021-2023 in
the Sistan and Baluchestan province.

Methods::
Data were collected through direct observations during comprehensive field surveys,
comprehensive questionnaires, and interviews with local traditional practitioners, herbal healers,
and grocery and itinerant sellers of medicinal plants and minerals.

Results::
Because of its strategic location, ethnomedicine knowledge of this area has been influenced
by Indian and Pakistani medicine and has been endowed with a marvelous diversity of
therapeutic approaches, such as Unani or Ayurvedic systems of traditional medication for the
treatment of different diseases. Herbal integration, mineral (kushtas), mud, and music and heat
therapy are examples of medicinal approaches utilized in the study area. A total of 74 potential
medicinal plants belonging to 41 families and 6 mineral drugs have been identified to be traditionally
used for remedial measures against special diseases. The inventory of medicinal plants
showed that Fabaceae, Solanaceae, and Malvaceae dominated other plant families. Out of the
total documented species in this area, some species were used as medicine in at least two or further
forms in the local communities. The results have shown that musculoskeletal (SKE-L),
digestive (GAS-D), and respiratory (RES-R) diseases have high ICF (>0.90). In terms of
temperament, 37% of the medicinal plants used in this region have been found to be hot and dry,
28% hot and moist, and 25% cold and dry. Also, 77% of the medicinal plants have been found to
have two degrees of toxicity. Spearman's correlation showed a moderate correlation between
temperament and phytochemical compounds (r=0.31). Comparing our data with ethnopharmacological
references in Iran revealed that applications of minerals (kushtas) have not been
investigated in other provinces and are significant in this region.

Conclusion::
The culture of the coast of Makran is rich in the local knowledge of traditional
medicine. In addition to herbal medicines, mineral substances are also used in this area, which
are a good source for the treatment of various ailments. The Unani medical system and the composition
of herbal medicine (multi-ingredients) are the main features of medicinal methods used
at the Makran coastline. The variety of treatment methods used by the Baluch people can suggest
a suitable candidate for finding drugs.
Reappraisal of Traditional Persian Medicine in the Treatment of Epilepsy
and Seizure
Authors: Dahri Mohammad , Zarshenas Mohammad M. , Kashkooe Ali , Asadi-Pooya Ali A. 
Published: May 2024

Background::
Epilepsy is a prevalent and serious brain disorder. Although drug
therapy is commonly used to treat epilepsy, a significant portion of patients experience
drug-resistant seizures. Alternative treatments such as ketogenic diets, brain neurostimulators,
and surgical resection are available but may not be suitable for all patients. Traditional
Persian Medicine (TPM) manuscripts offer insights into various therapeutic approaches for
epilepsy.

Aim::
This study aims to compile and discuss the use of herbal therapies for epilepsy as outlined
in ancient Persian manuscripts. Additionally, this study investigates the antiepileptic activities
and mechanisms of actions of herbal remedies using contemporary medical literature

Methods::
Two main search strategies were employed. Firstly, ancient Persian pharmaceutical
manuscripts were analyzed to extract information about herbal remedies for epilepsy. These
manuscripts included five primary texts that are highly regarded in TPM. Secondly, contemporary
electronic databases such as Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, and ScienceDirect were
searched to obtain information on the antiepileptic activities and mechanisms of action of the
identified herbal remedies. Furthermore, the models/methods and extract types utilized in the
studies were retrieved.

Results::
The ancient Persian manuscripts revealed the identification of 102 medicinal plants
used for the treatment of epilepsy, with the Apiaceae family being the most recommended. The
most common route of administration was oral, but topical and nasal application methods were
also mentioned. However, limited information regarding adverse effects was provided. Out of
the 102 plants, 67 with scientifically approved names were included in the study. According to
the recent literature review, many of these plants exhibited antiepileptic activities in animal studies,
with their mechanisms of action primarily involving the GABAergic, opioid, and NMDA
systems. Moreover, the MAO-A inhibitory properties of these plants, as a previously confirmed
antiepileptic mechanism, were assessed.

Conclusion::
The findings of this study highlight a wide range of medicinal plants used in TPM
for epilepsy treatment. Several of these plants have demonstrated antiepileptic properties in animal
studies, suggesting their potential effectiveness. Further research is needed to evaluate the
efficacy and safety of these herbal remedies in human participants. The outcomes of such research
may potentially lead to the development of new antiepileptic treatments with reduced side
effects.
Molecular Mechanisms of Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Delarbre against
Trypanosoma brucei
Authors: Wen Zichen , Sheng Wenbing , Yang Yupei , Li Bin , Zhou Xudong , Yuan Hanwen , Daniyal Muhammad , Qiu Yixing , Yu Huanghe , Yao Zhijian , Cai Xiong , Wang Wei , Peng Caiyun 
Published: May 2024

Background::
Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Delarbre (P. hydropiper) has long been used
for the treatment of parasitic diseases by the Chinese ethnic minority “Tujia” people residing in
the mountainous area of southwestern China.

Objectives::
Our previous experiments have demonstrated remarkable pharmacological effects of
P. hydropiper against Trypanosoma brucei (T. brucei). The present study aimed to investigate
the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-trypanosomiasis activity of P. hydropiper

Methods::
Thirty-nine common targets of P. hydropiper and trypanosomiasis were obtained from
the databases, and these common targets were uploaded to the STRING database to obtain a protein-
protein interaction network diagram. Then, the hub genes of these common targets were
screened using the CytoHubba. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
(KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were conducted by the Metascape. Subsequently,
the LeDock was used for molecular docking verification between the hub gene, antitrypanosomiasis
targets, and P. hydropiper. Finally, the most effective compound in P. hydropiper
revealed by the docking results was used for the verification of the antitrypanosomiasis
ability by western blotting analyses.

Results::
Enrichment analysis indicated that the anti-trypanosomiasis of P. hydropiper was more
frequently involved in mediating inflammation, probably by targeting interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor
necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and matrix metalloprotein-9 (MMP-9). Molecular
docking demonstrated that the bioactive compound quercitrin in P. hydropiper exhibited the
most stable binding mode with the trypanosomiasis target, and the compound previously confirmed
to inhibit T. brucei, vanicoside F, exhibited the highest stability with ornithine decarboxylase
(ODC) and cysteine protease (CYP). The western blotting results showed that quercitrin
significantly suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation (mimicking T. brucei
infection) and decreased expression of IL-10.

Conclusion::
Our study demonstrated that P. hydropiper acts on T. brucei via the characteristics
of multiple targets and pathways with several components through network pharmacology and is
thus a potential candidate to be developed as a novel anti-trypanosomiasis drug.
Evaluation of the Clinical Efficacy and Trust in AI-Assisted Embryo Ranking: Survey-Based Prospective Study
Authors: Kim Hyung Min , Kang Hyoeun , Lee Chaeyoon , Park Jong Hyuk , Chung Mi Kyung , Kim Miran , Kim Na Young , Lee Hye Jun 
Published: May 2024

Background
Current embryo assessment methods for in vitro fertilization depend on subjective morphological assessments. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a promising tool for embryo assessment; however, its clinical efficacy and trustworthiness remain unproven. Simulation studies may provide additional evidence, provided that they are meticulously designed to mitigate bias and variance.

Objective
The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the benefits of an AI model for predicting clinical pregnancy through well-designed simulations. The secondary objective was to identify the characteristics of and potential bias in the subgroups of embryologists with varying degrees of experience.

Methods
This simulation study involved a questionnaire-based survey conducted on 61 embryologists with varying levels of experience from 12 in vitro fertilization clinics. The survey was conducted via Google Forms (Google Inc) in three phases: (1) phase 1, an initial assessment (December 23, 2022, to January 22, 2023); (2) phase 2, a validation assessment (March 6, 2023, to April 5, 2023); and (3) phase 3 an AI-guided assessment (March 6, 2023, to April 5, 2023). Inter- and intraobserver assessments and the accuracy of embryo selection from 360 day-5 embryos before and after AI guidance were analyzed for all embryologists and subgroups of senior and junior embryologists.

Results
With AI guidance, the interobserver agreement increased from 0.355 to 0.527 and from 0.440 to 0.524 for junior and senior embryologists, respectively, thus reaching similar levels of agreement. In a test of accurate embryo selection with 90 questions, the numbers of correct responses by the embryologists only, embryologists with AI guidance, and AI only were 34 (38%), 45 (50%), and 59 (66%), respectively. Without AI, the average score (accuracy) of the junior group was 33.516 (37%), while that of the senior group was 35.967 (40%), with P<.001 in the t test. With AI guidance, the average score (accuracy) of the junior group increased to 46.581 (52%), reaching a level similar to that of the senior embryologists of 44.833 (50%), with P=.34. Junior embryologists had a higher level of trust in the AI score.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates the potential benefits of AI in selecting embryos with high chances of pregnancy, particularly for embryologists with 5 years or less of experience, possibly due to their trust in AI. Thus, using AI as an auxiliary tool in clinical practice has the potential to improve embryo assessment and increase the probability of a successful pregnancy.
Assessing the Ability of a Large Language Model to Score Free-Text Medical Student Clinical Notes: Quantitative Study
Authors: Burke Harry B , Hoang Albert , Lopreiato Joseph O , King Heidi , Hemmer Paul , Montgomery Michael , Gagarin Viktoria 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Teaching medical students the skills required to acquire, interpret, apply, and communicate clinical information is an integral part of medical education. A crucial aspect of this process involves providing students with feedback regarding the quality of their free-text clinical notes.

Objective
The goal of this study was to assess the ability of ChatGPT 3.5, a large language model, to score medical students’ free-text history and physical notes.

Methods
This is a single-institution, retrospective study. Standardized patients learned a prespecified clinical case and, acting as the patient, interacted with medical students. Each student wrote a free-text history and physical note of their interaction. The students’ notes were scored independently by the standardized patients and ChatGPT using a prespecified scoring rubric that consisted of 85 case elements. The measure of accuracy was percent correct.

Results
The study population consisted of 168 first-year medical students. There was a total of 14,280 scores. The ChatGPT incorrect scoring rate was 1.0%, and the standardized patient incorrect scoring rate was 7.2%. The ChatGPT error rate was 86%, lower than the standardized patient error rate. The ChatGPT mean incorrect scoring rate of 12 (SD 11) was significantly lower than the standardized patient mean incorrect scoring rate of 85 (SD 74; P=.002).

Conclusions
ChatGPT demonstrated a significantly lower error rate compared to standardized patients. This is the first study to assess the ability of a generative pretrained transformer (GPT) program to score medical students’ standardized patient-based free-text clinical notes. It is expected that, in the near future, large language models will provide real-time feedback to practicing physicians regarding their free-text notes. GPT artificial intelligence programs represent an important advance in medical education and medical practice.
Exploring Pedagogical Adaptation Challenges Faced by Novice EFL Teachers in Higher Education: A Study from Hubei Province, China
Authors: Luo Rui , Yang Lirui 
Published: May 2024

The novice teachers encountered numerous challenges upon embarking on their careers in schools. The primary obstacles typically arose from the misalignment between their teaching abilities and the practical demands of their work. This study, focusing on novice EFL teachers in Hubei Province, addressed the following inquiries from the perspectives of the theory of teachers' career development stage and the theory of work adjustment:What were the challenges confronting novice EFL teachers regarding their teaching abilities in Higher Education Institutions in Hubei Province?What factors contributed to these challenges related to teaching capability?What approaches did novice teachers adopt to address these challenges?This study employed a qualitative approach, with three novice EFL teachers newly employed by three different institutions serving as informants. Data were gathered from teaching diaries, lesson plans, classroom observations, and interviews. The researchers identified and categorized challenges related to teaching capability and coping strategies mentioned in the diaries, corroborating them with data from other sources such as lesson plan reviews and classroom observations. Subsequently, the researchers conducted interviews to explore the underlying causes of these challenges and assess the effectiveness of the teachers' coping strategies.Based on the analysis of the qualitative data, the study draws the following conclusions:Novice EFL teachers encountered challenges across four dimensions: language proficiency, instructional design, classroom management, and feedback skills, as evidenced by data from language use, lesson structure, objective setting, and multimedia integration.The challenges stemmed from personal factors, contextual influences, and external interventions.Novice EFL teachers endeavored to address these challenges, often effectively, by integrating theoretical knowledge with practical experience, seeking guidance from experienced colleagues, engaging in peer consultation, and conducting independent research.
Internationalization of the training and production of Brazilian Graduate Programs of Political Science
Authors: Machado Madeira Rafael 
Published: May 2024

This article analyzes the internationalization strategies of the teaching careers of Brazilian political scientists. Internationalization will be measured in two dimensions: 1) publications and 2) academic training of the teachers. Are the central countries the main destinations of Brazilian political scientists? In the field of Brazilian political science, do the central programs monopolize internationalization or is it also accessible to more recent programs? The hypothesis tested is that internationalization would be linked to the central countries and that core programs would be largely over-represented. The study analyzed 360 researchers linked to political science programs. The hypothesis was only partially confirmed. It was concluded that the peripheral programs also have space in the internationalization of the academic training and in the publication of papers abroad. The main difference found between internationalization dynamics concerns the country of destination for academic training and for paper publication. Academic training is basically concentrated in central countries (US, England and France). Although it is absent in academic training Latin America has an important presence as a focus of the international publication of the researchers examined.
Diagnóstico de impactos ambientais em um trecho do Rio Piancó – Piranhas – Açu, Nordeste brasileiro
Authors: Carreiro Daniele de Almeida , Santos Laércio Leal dos , Aragão Ricardo de , Leite José Cleidimário Araújo , Paiva William de , Dantas da Silva Tássio Jordan Rodrigues , Medeiros José Ludemario da Silva 
Published: May 2024

A degradação de ambientes aquáticos tem se tornado uma das principais preocupações ecológicas da atualidade, principalmente em função do essencial papel dos recursos hídricos para o funcionamento adequado dos serviços ecossistêmicos e desenvolvimento econômico. Nesta pesquisa, objetivou-se realizar um diagnóstico dos impactos ambientais nas águas do trecho do Rio Piancó-Piranhas-Açu entre os municípios de Paulista-PB e São Bento-PB. Para coleta de dados, foram realizadas fotodocumentação, visitas de campo e consultas a órgãos municipais. Para o georreferenciamento da área de influência, foi utilizado o software QGIS. Posteriormente, foram catalogadas as atividades antrópicas na referida área, e utilizando os métodos Ad Hoc, Check Lists, Matriz de Interação e Networks, foram identificados os impactos ambientais, seleção e classificação dos impactos significativos, eor fim, a indicação de medidas de controle ambiental. A partir dos resultados obtidos, identificaram-se 13 atividades antrópicas, com 86 impactos ambientais no trecho considerado. Desse total, 32% foram selecionados como “significativos” e 50% "significativos". A maioria dos impactos observados está relacionado á urbanização, às atividades têxtis, ao lançamento de efluentes não tratados no corpo hídrico, e à pecuária extensiva comumente desenvolvida em áreas de preservação, que acarreta a poluição da água e o processo de eutrofização. inalmente, espera-se que os resultados e as medidas de controle indicadas auxiliem na recuperação ambiental do trecho do rio, bem como no gerenciamento em âmbito de bacia hidrográfica pelos órgãos competentes.
Aspectos psicossociais do trabalho e qualidade de vida de professores
Authors: Santos Silva Antônio Carlos , Barbosa Santos Adriana Glay , Boery Eduardo Nagib , Ribeiro Ícaro José Santos , Cruz Diego Pires , Souza Júnior Edison Vitório de 
Published: May 2024

A dinâmica e a sobrecarga do trabalho docente contemporâneo colocam o professor como um dos profissionais que apresentam maior risco de desenvolvimento de estresse ocupacional e acometimento de doenças crônicas, sendo apontado como provável problema de saúde pública. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência dos aspectos psicossociais do trabalho na qualidade de vida de professores. Estudo epidemiológico, transversal, realizado com 206 professores da rede municipal de ensino. Utilizou-se um formulário contendo informações sobre os dados sociodemográficos, qualidade de vida (WHOQOL-Bref) e os aspectos psicossociais do trabalho (JCQ), os quais foram analisados considerando o nível de significância de 5%. Esse estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, sob protocolo CAAE 153165716.9.0000.0055. Em condições de alta exigência no trabalho, há redução dos domínios da qualidade de vida, evidenciando significância estatística para os domínios físico (53,57) e meio ambiente (46,87), com valor de p<0,05. O ambiente psicossocial do trabalho é fator determinante na percepção da qualidade de vida dos professores. Condições psicossociais de trabalho desfavoráveis destacam-se como determinantes para a ocorrência de agravos à saúde, comprometimento das funções laborais e qualidade de vida de professores.
Strategic treatment for a patient with missing lateral incisor and first molar accompanied by posterior scissor bite and an impacted premolar
Authors: Yan Boxi , Liu Xuejiao , Xu Kaiyuan , Dai Fanfan 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Managing orthodontic treatment for adults with missing permanent teeth can be intricate, especially when dealing with a posterior scissor bite and an impacted tooth. This case report presents successful treatment of a female patient with dental and skeletal Class II malocclusion, high mandibular plane angle, missing maxillary left lateral incisor and mandibular right first molar, as well as right posterior scissor bite, and a deeply impacted mandibular left second premolar. In the maxilla, the right second molar and right lateral incisor were strategically extracted to eliminate the scissor bite and enhance frontal esthetic balance. In the mandible, the edentulous space caused by early loss of the first molar was successfully closed and the impacted second premolar was guided into its proper position after surgical exposure. Finally, symmetric frontal esthetics, well-aligned dentition with ideal intercuspation and an improved profile were achieved, which remained stable in the 17 month follow-up.
Targeted Combined Endpoint Improvement in Patient and Disease Domains in Atopic Dermatitis: A Treat-to-Target Analysis of Adults with Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis Treated with Upadacitinib
Authors: Kwatra Shawn G. , De Bruin-Weller Marjolein , Silverberg Jonathan I. , Lio Peter , Deleuran Mette , Aydin Handan , Calimlim Brian M. , Lane Michael C. , Liu Yingyi , Ofori Sarah , Weidinger Stephan 
Published: May 2024

A treat-to-target approach was recently developed to guide systemic treatment for adults with atopic dermatitis (AD). Recommendations outlined criteria for a 3-month initial acceptable treatment target and a 6-month optimal target, evaluated using global assessment of patient-reported disease severity, as well as Eczema Area and Severity Index, itch assessed on an 11-point numerical rating scale, Dermatology Life Quality Index, or Patient-Oriented Eczema Measure. Achievement of these targets with once-daily upadacitinib (15 mg and 30 mg) monotherapy was evaluated using integrated adult data from the Measure Up 1 and 2 phase 3 studies. Among the 852 patients treated with upadacitinib 15 mg or 30 mg, the 3-month initial acceptable target was achieved by >80%, >78%, and ≥87% of patients, and the 6-month optimal target was achieved by ≥53%, >61%, and >73% of patients at weeks 2, 16, and 52, respectively. Achievement of all 6 individual criteria for each of the target goals also increased over time. These findings suggest that upadacitinib 15 mg and 30 mg may help improve standards of care in patients with moderate-to-severe AD by achieving 6-month target goals at 16 weeks and as early as 2 weeks for most patients.