bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors for Self-Reported Exercise-Related Leg Pain in High School Cross-Country Athletes
Authors: Reinking Mark F. , Austin Tricia M. , Hayes Ann M. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract

Context:
Prevention of exercise-related leg pain (ERLP) has not been successful because ERLP risk factors are not well known.

Objective:
To determine the percentage of high school cross-country (XC) athletes who reported a history of ERLP in their running careers, to identify the percentage of athletes who reported an occurrence of ERLP during 1 XC season, and to investigate the association of selected factors (age, high school year, years of high school running, sex, ERLP history, body mass index [BMI], foot type, and training distance) and the occurrence of ERLP.

Design:
Prospective cohort study.

Setting:
Six local high schools.

Patients or Other Participants:
One hundred twenty-five high school XC athletes (62 females, 63 males).

Main Outcome Measure(s):
All athletes completed an initial ERLP questionnaire, and foot type was visually assessed. After the season, athletes were asked to complete a Web-based questionnaire regarding the seasonal occurrence of ERLP. Statistical analyses of differences (t tests) and associations (χ2, relative risk) were conducted.

Results:
A total of 103 of the 125 athletes (82.4%) reported a history of ERLP, with 81 athletes reporting ERLP occurrence within the month preceding completion of the initial questionnaire. Bilateral medial leg pain was the most common ERLP presentation. More than half of the athletes (58.4%) with an ERLP history reported that the pain had interfered with XC participation. Ninety-three athletes responded to the postseason questionnaire, and 45 (48.0%) reported ERLP seasonal occurrence. Most athletes (97.8%) who experienced the seasonal occurrence of ERLP had a history of ERLP. No associations were noted between ERLP history or seasonal occurrence and age, high school year, years of high school running, sex, BMI, foot type, or training distance.

Conclusions:
Both a history of ERLP and the seasonal occurrence of ERLP were common among these XC athletes. The only risk factor identified for ERLP season occurrence was ERLP history.
Identification of Cardiometabolic Risk Among Collegiate Football Players
Authors: Wilkerson Gary B. , Bullard J. Todd , Bartal David W. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract

Context:
Excessive fat mass clearly has adverse effects on metabolic processes that can ultimately lead to the development of chronic disease. Early identification of high-risk status may facilitate referral for definitive diagnostic tests and implementation of interventions to reduce cardiometabolic risk.

Objective:
To document the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among collegiate football players and to develop a clinical prediction rule that does not require blood analysis to identify players who may possess a high level of cardiometabolic risk.

Design:
Cross-sectional cohort study.

Setting:
University athletic training research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:
Sixty-two National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Football Championship Subdivision football players (age  =  19.9 ± 1.2 years, height  =  182.6 ± 6.1 cm, mass  =  97.4 ± 18.3 kg).

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Anthropometric characteristics associated with body fat, isokinetic quadriceps strength, and biometric indicators associated with metabolic syndrome were measured. Participants were classified as high risk or low risk for future development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

Results:
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the cohort was 19% (12 of 62), and 79% (49 of 62) of the players exceeded the threshold for 1 or more of its 5 components. A 4-factor clinical prediction rule that classified individuals on the basis of waist circumference, blood pressure, quadriceps strength, and ethnic category had 92% sensitivity (95% confidence interval  =  65%, 99%) and 76% specificity (95% confidence interval  =  63%, 86%) for discrimination of high-risk or low-risk status.

Conclusions:
The risk for developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease appears to be exceptionally high among collegiate football players. A lack of race-specific criteria for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome almost certainly contributes to an underestimation of the true level of cardiometabolic risk for African American collegiate football players.
Key Factors for Providing Appropriate Medical Care in Secondary School Athletics: Athletic Training Services and Budget
Authors: Wham George S. , Saunders Ruth , Mensch James 
Published: January 2010

Abstract

Context:
Research suggests that appropriate medical care for interscholastic athletes is frequently lacking. However, few investigators have examined factors related to care.

Objective:
To examine medical care provided by interscholastic athletics programs and to identify factors associated with variations in provision of care.

Design:
Cross-sectional study.

Setting:
Mailed and e-mailed survey.

Patients or Other Participants:
One hundred sixty-six South Carolina high schools.

Intervention(s):
The 132-item Appropriate Medical Care Assessment Tool (AMCAT) was developed and pilot tested. It included 119 items assessing medical care based on the Appropriate Medical Care for Secondary School-Age Athletes (AMCSSAA) Consensus Statement and Monograph (test-retest reliability: r  =  0.89). Also included were items assessing potential influences on medical care. Presence, source, and number of athletic trainers; school size; distance to nearest medical center; public or private status; sports medicine supply budget; and varsity football regional championships served as explanatory variables, whereas the school setting, region of state, and rate of free or reduced lunch qualifiers served as control variables.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
The Appropriate Care Index (ACI) score from the AMCAT provided a quantitative measure of medical care and served as the response variable. The ACI score was determined based on a school's response to items relating to AMCSSAA guidelines.

Results:
Regression analysis revealed associations with ACI score for athletic training services and sports medicine supply budget (both P &lt; .001) when controlling for the setting, region, and rate of free or reduced lunch qualifiers. These 2 variables accounted for 30% of the variance in ACI score (R2  =  0.302). Post hoc analysis showed differences between ACI score based on the source of the athletic trainer and the size of the sports medicine supply budget.

Conclusions:
The AMCAT offers an evaluation of medical care provided by interscholastic athletics programs. In South Carolina schools, athletic training services and the sports medicine supply budget were associated with higher levels of medical care. These results offer guidance for improving the medical care provided for interscholastic athletes.
Quadriceps Activation Following Knee Injuries: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hart Joseph M. , Pietrosimone Brian , Hertel Jay , Ingersoll Christopher D. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract

Context:
Arthrogenic muscle inhibition is an important underlying factor in persistent quadriceps muscle weakness after knee injury or surgery.

Objective:
To determine the magnitude and prevalence of volitional quadriceps activation deficits after knee injury.

Data Sources:
Web of Science database.

Study Selection:
Eligible studies involved human participants and measured quadriceps activation using either twitch interpolation or burst superimposition on patients with knee injuries or surgeries such as anterior cruciate ligament deficiency (ACLd), anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLr), and anterior knee pain (AKP).

Data Extraction:
Means, measures of variability, and prevalence of quadriceps activation (QA) failure (&lt;95%) were recorded for experiments involving ACLd (10), ACLr (5), and AKP (3).

Data Synthesis:
A total of 21 data sets from 18 studies were initially identified. Data from 3 studies (1 paper reporting data for both ACLd and ACLr, 1 on AKP, and the postarthroscopy paper) were excluded from the primary analyses because only graphical data were reported. Of the remaining 17 data sets (from 15 studies), weighted mean QA in 352 ACLd patients was 87.3% on the involved side, 89.1% on the uninvolved side, and 91% in control participants. The QA failure prevalence ranged from 0% to 100%. Weighted mean QA in 99 total ACLr patients was 89.2% on the involved side, 84% on the uninvolved side, and 98.5% for the control group, with prevalence ranging from 0% to 71%. Thirty-eight patients with AKP averaged 78.6% on the involved side and 77.7% on the contralateral side. Bilateral QA failure was commonly reported in patients.

Conclusions:
Quadriceps activation failure is common in patients with ACLd, ACLr, and AKP and is often observed bilaterally.
Study/Experimental/Research Design: Much More Than Statistics
Authors: Knight Kenneth L. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract

Context:
The purpose of study, experimental, or research design in scientific manuscripts has changed significantly over the years. It has evolved from an explanation of the design of the experiment (ie, data gathering or acquisition) to an explanation of the statistical analysis. This practice makes “Methods” sections hard to read and understand.

Objective:
To clarify the difference between study design and statistical analysis, to show the advantages of a properly written study design on article comprehension, and to encourage authors to correctly describe study designs.

Description:
The role of study design is explored from the introduction of the concept by Fisher through modern-day scientists and the AMA Manual of Style. At one time, when experiments were simpler, the study design and statistical design were identical or very similar. With the complex research that is common today, which often includes manipulating variables to create new variables and the multiple (and different) analyses of a single data set, data collection is very different than statistical design. Thus, both a study design and a statistical design are necessary.

Advantages:
Scientific manuscripts will be much easier to read and comprehend. A proper experimental design serves as a road map to the study methods, helping readers to understand more clearly how the data were obtained and, therefore, assisting them in properly analyzing the results.
Bioinspired Ribbed Nanoneedles with Robust Superhydrophobicity
Authors: Yao Xi , Chen Qinwen , Xu Liang , Li Qikai , Song Yanlin , Gao Xuefeng , Quéré David , Jiang Lei 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe robustness of superhydrophobicity is a fundamental issue for the applications of water‐repellent materials. Inspired by the hierarchical structures of water‐strider legs, this work describes a new water‐repellent material decorated with ribbed, conical nanoneedles, successfully achieved on the surface of copper and consisting of copper hydroxide nanoneedle arrays sculptured with nanogrooves. The behavior of water drops on an as‐prepared surface under various external disturbances is investigated. It is shown in particular that squeezing and relaxing drops between two such surfaces leads to a fully reversible exploration of the solid surface by the liquid, which is distinct from other superhydrophobic surfaces. This unique character is attributed to the penetrating Cassie state that occurs at the ribbed, conical nanoneedles. The proprietary lateral nanogrooves can, not only vigorously support the enwrapped liquid‐air interface when a force is applied to the drop, but also provide reliable contact lines for the easy de‐pinning of the deformed interface when the force is released from the drop. The results confirm the exceptional ability of strider legs to repel water, and should help to further the design of robust water‐repellent materials and miniaturized aquatic devices.
Using community‐based participatory research to design and initiate a study on immigrant worker health and safety in San Francisco's Chinatown restaurants
Authors: Minkler Meredith , Lee Pam Tau , Tom Alex , Chang Charlotte , Morales Alvaro , Liu Shaw San , Salvatore Alicia , Baker Robin , Chen Feiyi , Bhatia Rajiv , Krause Niklas 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackgroundRestaurant workers have among the highest rates of work‐related illness and injury in the US, but little is known about the working conditions and occupational health status of Chinese immigrant restaurant workers.MethodsCommunity‐based participatory research (CBPR) was employed to study restaurant working conditions and worker health in San Francisco's Chinatown. A community/academic/health department collaborative was formed and 23 restaurant workers trained on research techniques and worker health and safety. A worker survey instrument and a restaurant observational checklist were collaboratively developed. The checklist was piloted in 71 Chinatown restaurants, and the questionnaire administered to 433 restaurant workers.ResultsRestaurant workers, together with other partners, made substantial contributions to construction of the survey and checklist tools and improved their cultural appropriateness. The utility of the checklist tool for restaurant‐level data collection was demonstrated.ConclusionsCBPR holds promise for both studying worker health and safety among immigrant Chinese restaurant workers and developing culturally appropriate research tools. A new observational checklist also has potential for restaurant‐level data collection on worker health and safety conditions. Am. J. Ind. Med. 53:361–371, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Do positive illusions predict overconfidence in judgment? A test using interval production and probability evaluation measures of miscalibration
Authors: Hilton Denis , Régner Isabelle , Cabantous Laure , Charalambides Laetitia , Vautier Stéphane 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe address the question as to whether judgmental overconfidence, as assessed by probability miscalibration, is related to positive illusions about the self. We first demonstrate that judgmental overconfidence measured with interval production procedures can be considered a trait, due to correlations observed in miscalibration scores in two sets of general‐knowledge questions of varying difficulty administered at different times. In addition, the hard‐easy effect operated in different ways on overprecision and self‐placement of one's performance relative to others: The more difficult the calibration task, the greater the over precision but the greater the under placement of one's performance. Finally, there was no evidence that miscalibration was related to dispositional optimism and self‐efficacy. A second study extended these results by including further measures of disposition to experience positive illusions such as unrealistic optimism, a general tendency to consider oneself “better‐than‐average,” and two indexes of dispositional perception of control. The positive illusion measures showed considerable inter‐correlations, but did not correlate with miscalibration on the interval production task, and correlated negatively with optimism concerning societal risks. A final study replicated this pattern of findings, but showed that disposition to positive illusions did predict miscalibration on the same questions measured with a probability evaluation technique. Our research demonstrates that “overconfidence” is not a unitary construct, but a series of overlapping ones. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Loss aversion in the eye and in the heart: The autonomic nervous system's responses to losses
Authors: Hochman Guy , Yechiam Eldad 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe common view in psychology and neuroscience is that losses loom larger than gains, leading to a negativity bias in behavioral responses and Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) activation. However, evidence has accumulated that in decisions under risk and uncertainty individuals often impart similar weights to negative and positive outcomes. We examine the role of the ANS in decisions under uncertainty, and its consistency with the behavioral responses. In three studies, we show that losses lead to heightened autonomic responses, compared to equivalent gains (as indicated by pupil dilation and increased heart rate) even in situations where the average decision maker exhibits no loss aversion. Moreover, in the studied tasks autonomic responses were not associated with risk taking propensities. These results are interpreted by the hypothesis that losses signal the subjective importance of global outcome patterns. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sensitive and rapid high‐performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for estimation of fulvestrant in rabbit plasma
Authors: Balaram Varanasi Murali , Parmar Dharmesh , Teja Bulusu B , Rathnam Shivprakash , Rao Jangala Venkateswara , Dasandi Bhavesh 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA rapid and sensitive high‐performance liquid chromatography and electrospray tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for estimation of fulvestrant in rabbit plasma using liquid–liquid extraction. The separation and quantification of fulvestrant were achieved by reverse‐phase chromatography on a Sunfire C18 column (50 × 2.1. i.d., 3.5 μm) with isocratic elution at a flow rate of 300 μL/min using norethistrone as an internal standard from 500 μL plasma sample. The method was validated over the concentration range from 0.092 to 16.937 ng/mL with a lower limit of detection of 0.023 ng/mL. The intra‐day and inter‐day accuracy and precision were within 10%. The recovery was 85 and 90% for fulvestrant and norethistrone respectively. The chromatographic run time was only 2.5 min. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface Modification and Functionalization of Microporous Hybrid Material for Luminescence Sensing
Authors: Li Huanrong , Cheng Wenjing , Wang Yu , Liu Binyuan , Zhang Wenjun , Zhang Hongjie 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe report here on the preparation of novel luminescent core‐shell material by initial coating with polyelectrolytes and subsequent with a silica shell on the lanthanide complexes loaded zeolite L microcrystals. Lanthanide complexes loaded zeolite L was prepared by insertion of 2‐thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTA) into the nanochannels of zeolite crystals by gas diffusion of TTA to Eu3+ exchanged zeolite L, coating a silica shell on the lanthanide complexes loaded zeolite L resulted to the novel luminescent core‐shell material. The luminescent core‐shell material was further functionalized with silylated terbium(III) complex and the obtained material was used as the luminescence sensing of dipicolinic acid (DPA), which is a major constituent of many pathogenic spore‐forming bacteria.
Tetraamine‐Derived Bifunctional Chelators for Technetium‐99m Labelling: Synthesis, Bioconjugation and Evaluation as Targeted SPECT Imaging Probes for GRP‐Receptor‐Positive Tumours
Authors: Abiraj Keelara , Mansi Rosalba , Tamma Maria‐Luisa , Forrer Flavio , Cescato Renzo , Reubi Jean Claude , Akyel Kayhan G. , Maecke Helmut R. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractOwing to its optimal nuclear properties, ready availability, low cost and favourable dosimetry, 99mTc continues to be the ideal radioisotope for medical‐imaging applications. Bifunctional chelators based on a tetraamine framework exhibit facile complexation with Tc(V)O2 to form monocationic species with high in vivo stability and significant hydrophilicity, which leads to favourable pharmacokinetics. The synthesis of a series of 1,4,8,11‐tetraazaundecane derivatives (01–06) containing different functional groups at the 6‐position for the conjugation of biomolecules and subsequent labelling with 99mTc is described herein. The chelator 01 was used as a starting material for the facile synthesis of chelators functionalised with OH (02), N3 (04) and O‐succinyl ester (05) groups. A straightforward and easy synthesis of carboxyl‐functionalised tetraamine‐based chelator 06 was achieved by using inexpensive and commercially available starting materials. Conjugation of 06 to a potent bombesin‐antagonist peptide and subsequent labelling with 99mTc afforded the radiotracer 99mTc‐N4‐BB‐ANT, with radiolabelling yields of >97 % at a specific activity of 37 GBq μmol−1. An IC50 value of (3.7±1.3) nM was obtained, which confirmed the high affinity of the conjugate to the gastrin‐releasing‐peptide receptor (GRPr). Immunofluorescence and calcium mobilisation assays confirmed the strong antagonist properties of the conjugate. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies of 99mTc‐N4‐BB‐ANT showed high and specific uptake in PC3 xenografts and in other GRPr‐positive organs. The tumour uptake was (22.5±2.6) % injected activity per gram (% IA g−1) at 1 h post injection (p.i.). and increased to (29.9±4.0) % IA g−1 at 4 h p.i. The SPECT/computed tomography (CT) images showed high tumour uptake, clear background and negligible radioactivity in the abdomen. The promising preclinical results of 99mTc‐N4‐BB‐ANT warrant its potential candidature for clinical translation.
Binuclear Uranium(VI) Complexes with a “Pacman” Expanded Porphyrin: Computational Evidence for Highly Unusual Bis‐Actinyl Structures
Authors: Pan Qing‐Jiang , Shamov Grigory A. , Schreckenbach Georg 
Published: January 2010

AbstractOn the basis of uranyl complexes reacting with a polypyrrolic ligand (H4L), we explored structures and reaction energies of a series of new binuclear uranium(VI) complexes using relativistic density functional theory. Full geometry optimizations on [(UO2)2(L)], in which two uranyl groups were initially placed into the pacman ligand cavity, led to two minimum‐energy structures. These complexes with cation–cation interactions (CCI) exhibit unusual coordination modes of uranyls: one is a T‐shaped (T) skeleton formed by two linear uranyls {OexoU2Oendo→U1(Oexo)2}, and another is a butterfly‐like (B) unit with one linear uranyl coordinating side‐by‐side to a second cis‐uranyl. The CCI in T was confirmed by the calculated longest distance and lowest stretching vibrational frequency of U2Oendo among the four UO bonds. Isomer B is more stable than T, for which experimental tetrameric analogues are known. The formation of B and T complexes from the mononuclear [(UO2)(H2L)(thf)] (M) was found to be endothermic. The further protonation and dehydration of B and T are thermodynamically favorable. As a possible product, we have found a trianglelike binuclear uranium(VI) complex having a OUOUO unit.
Hydroxylation and Ring‐Opening Mechanism of an Unusual Flavoprotein Monooxygenase, 2‐Methyl‐3‐hydroxypyridine‐5‐carboxylic Acid Oxygenase: A Theoretical Study
Authors: Tian Boxue , Tu Yaoquan , Strid Åke , Eriksson Leif A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractHybrid meta‐GGA density functional theory (the MPWB1K functional) was used to study the hydroxylation and ring‐opening mechanism of 2‐methyl‐3‐hydroxypyridine‐5‐carboxylic acid oxygenase (MHPCO). This enzyme catalyses the conversion of 2‐methyl‐3‐hydroxypyridine‐5‐carboxylic acid (MHPC) to α‐(N‐acetylaminomethylene)succinic acid (AAMS), which is the essential ring‐opening step in the bacterial degradation of vitamin B6. MHPCO belongs to the flavin‐containing aromatic hydroxylases family. However, MHPCO is capable of catalysing a subsequent aromatic ring‐cleavage reaction to give acyclic products rather than hydroxylated aromatic ones. Our calculations show that the re‐aromatisation of the hydroxylated intermediate occurs spontaneously in aqueous solution; this implies that the ring‐opening process occurs inside the enzyme’s active site, in which limited water is available. The instability of the hydroxylated intermediate of MHPCO is the main reason why acyclic products are formed. Previously proposed mechanisms for the ring‐opening step were studied, and were shown to be less likely to occur (ΔΔG≠298>35 kcal mol−1). Two new pathways with reasonable barrier heights (ΔΔG≠298<15 kcal mol−1) are reported herein, which are in accordance with all experimental information present to date.