bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The electrocardiogram as an adjunct in diagnosing congenital coronary arterial anomalies
Authors: Cohen Mitchell , Berger Stuart 
Published: November 2011

AbstractCongenital coronary arterial abnormalities as isolated lesions are exceedingly rare. The electrocardiogram, while a reasonable adjunct in the diagnosis of coronary arterial abnormalities, should not supplant a good history and physical examination. Careful attention must be devoted to any signs or symptoms of ischaemic pain in the chest or syncope, which must not be overlooked. Exertional pain in the chest and exertional syncope should prompt an extensive evaluation by both the echocardiographer and the electrophysiologist. Clearance for participation in sports should be curtailed until a complete evaluation has ruled out the presence of any of the following disorders: a channelopathic mutation, a cardiomyopathy, or a congenital coronary arterial anomaly. Major abnormalities in the coronary arteries may present in the first few months of life or remain dormant until the exertional demands of adolescence unmask symptoms of myocardial ischaemia. Congenital coronary arterial anomalies may be analysed in the following major diagnostic groups: anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery, anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery from the wrong aortic sinus of Valsalva, atresia of the left main coronary artery, myocardial bridges, and coronary arterial fistulas. The advent of state-of-the-art modalities of imaging seems, at times, to have supplanted the electrocardiogram in making the diagnosis of potentially serious coronary artery abnormalities, especially in asymptomatic patients. However, as is also the case for a detailed history and physical examination, the electrocardiogram provides a potentially insightful look at the coronary arteries. Furthermore, the past decade has witnessed an increase in the use of the electrocardiogram as a screening tool in the assessment of the risk of sudden cardiac death in athletes in high school.
Endothelial Massive Calcium Accumulation Death (MCAD): Mechanism, Target, and Predictive Biomarker for Anti-Angiogenic Therapy
Authors: Weisenthal Larry 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells with bevacizumab, with tyrosine kinase inhibitors known to be AA, and with traditional cytotoxic drugs. The images below show that, in the presence of physiological saline and non-favorable culture conditions, the vast majority of the endothelial cells undergo a "non-specific" type of cell death (NSCD), not associated with calcium accumulation, but with loss of cell membrane integrity, allowing uptake of the Fast Green dye, staining these dead dells a pale blue green. In the presence of known AA agents (e.g. bevacizumab, some TK inhibitors) a large percentage of the endothelial cells undergo death associated with massive calcium accumulation (MCAD), with these cells staining hyperchromatic, refractile, blue-black, precisely as reported in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18793333 and http://meeting.ascopubs.org/cgi/content/abstract/28/15_suppl/e13617 and http://tinyurl.com/weisenthal-breast-lapatinib. MCAD is strikingly demonstrated by Fast Green/Alizarin staining as reported in http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4499/version/1. Traditional cytotoxic drugs (e.g. cisplatin) produce only NSCD and inhibit MCAD. We propose that MCAD is a cell death mechanism unique to endothelial cells and provides a practical biomarker to predict for AA activity in clinical oncology and drug development, as well as a potential drug target.
Estimating Familial Loading in SLI: A Comparison of Direct Assessment Versus Parental Interview
Authors: Conti-Ramsden Gina , Simkin Zoë , Pickles Andrew 
Published: November 2011

Purpose
Two approaches commonly used for estimating prevalence of language disorders in families were compared. The 1st involved examining a subset of language items from an investigator-based interview used to record parental information on the language and literacy difficulties in relatives. The 2nd was the direct assessment of ability in immediate family using a battery of standardized verbal ability, language, and literacy assessments.

Method

Using these 2 methods, the prevalence of language and literacy disorders was investigated in the immediate family (
n
= 271) of 93 children with a history of SLI (mean age 13;11 years).

Results
The overall proportion of relatives with reported language or literacy difficulty was similar for both methods (34.5% for reported difficulties compared with 35% on direct assessment). The present study further explored maternal, paternal, and sibling prevalence rates and strength of agreement between parental interview and direct assessment. When a low cutoff score was used, good agreement (of true negatives and true positives) for reading and spelling difficulties and expressive language between the 2 types of case identification method was found.

Conclusions

Parents can be effective identifiers when the impairment is severe (below 2
SD
s from the population mean). Poor agreement was observed between report and assessment of receptive language difficulties.
Early exposure of interferon-γ inhibits signal transducer and activator of transcription-6 signalling and nuclear factor κB activation in a short-term monocyte-derived dendritic cell culture promoting ‘FAST’ regulatory dendritic cells
Authors: Rojas-Canales D , Krishnan R , Jessup C F , Coates P T 
Published: November 2011

SummaryInterferon (IFN)-γ is a cytokine with immunomodulatory properties, which has been shown previously to enhance the generation of tolerogenic dendritic cells (DC) when administered early ex vivo in 7-day monocyte-derived DC culture. To generate tolerogenic DC rapidly within 48 h, human monocytes were cultured for 24 h with interleukin (IL)-4 and granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in the presence (IFN-γ-DC) or absence of IFN-γ (500 U/ml) (UT-DC). DC were matured for 24 h with TNF-α and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). DC phenotype, signal transducer and activator of transcription-6 (STAT-6) phosphorylation and promotion of CD4+CD25+CD127neg/lowforkhead box P3 (FoxP3)hi T cells were analysed by flow cytometry. DC nuclear factor (NF)-κB transcription factor reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homologue B (RELB) and IL-12p70 protein expression were also determined. Phenotypically, IFN-γ-DC displayed reduced DC maturation marker CD83 by 62% and co-stimulation molecules CD80 (26%) and CD86 (8%). IFN-γ treatment of monocytes inhibited intracellular STAT6, RELB nuclear translocation and IL-12p70 production. IFN-γ-DC increased the proportion of CD4+CD25+CD127neg/lowfoxp3hi T cells compared to UT-DC from 12 to 23%. IFN-γ-DC primed T cells inhibited antigen-specific, autologous naive T cell proliferation by 70% at a 1:1 naive T cells to IFN-γ-DC primed T cell ratio in suppression assays. In addition, we examined the reported paradoxical proinflammatory effects of IFN-γ and confirmed in this system that late IFN-γ exposure does not inhibit DC maturation marker expression. Early IFN-γ exposure is critical in promoting the generation of regulatory DC. Early IFN-γ modulated DC generated in 48 h are maturation arrested and promote the generation of antigen-specific regulatory T cells, which may be clinically applicable as a novel cellular therapy for allograft rejection.
Development and characterization of cassava starch and soy protein concentrate based edible films
Authors: Chinma Chiemela Enyinnaya , Ariahu Charles Chukwuma , Abu Joseph Oneh 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThe sensory attributes, mechanical, water vapour permeability (WVP) and solubility properties of cassava starch and soy protein concentrate (SPC)‐based edible films of varying levels of glycerol were studied. Addition of SPC and glycerol up to 30% and 20%, respectively, reduced stickiness and improved colour and appearance of the films. Tensile strength (TS), elastic modulus (EM) and elongation at break (EAB) of films increased, while film solubility (FS) and WVP decreased with SPC and glycerol up to 50% and 20% level, respectively, ranging from 20.33 to 26.94 MPa (TS), 41.33 to 72.76 MPa (EM), 7.90 to 12.28 MPa (EAB), 15.07 to 31.90% (FS) and 2.62 to 4.13 g H2O mm m−2 day kPa (WVP). The TS, EAB and WVP were higher for the biofilms than for low‐density polyethylene and cellophane films.
Effect of roasting on chlorogenic acids, caffeine and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons levels in two Coffea cultivars: Coffea arabica cv. Catuaí Amarelo IAC‐62 and Coffea canephora cv. Apoatã IAC‐2258
Authors: Tfouni Silvia A. V. , Serrate Camila S. , Carreiro Larissa B. , Camargo Monica C. R. , Teles Camila R. A. , Cipolli Kátia M. V. A. B. , Furlani Regina P. Z. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryDuring coffee roasting process, several substances may be formed or eliminated. The influence of roasting on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), caffeoylquinic acids (CQAs) and caffeine levels was studied in Coffea arabica cv. Catuaí Amarelo IAC‐62 and Coffea canephora cv. Apoatã IAC‐2258, roasted in three roasting degrees. CQAs and caffeine were determined simultaneously by HPLC‐DAD, and PAHs by HPLC‐FLD. Caffeine levels were higher in canephora (1486–1884 mg per 100 g) than in arabica (1110–1255 mg per 100 g) and increased up to 21% at darker roasts. Summed CQA levels were higher in green coffee (4661 and 4946 mg per 100 g) and decreased at darker roasts (234 and 377 mg per 100 g), showing no difference between the coffee cultivars studied. PAH summed levels varied from 0.052 to 0.814 μg kg−1 (arabica) and 0.108 to 0.392 μg kg−1 (canephora). No correlation was observed between roasting degree, coffee cultivar and PAH levels. Results were also analysed using hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis.
Effects of encapsulation on the viability of probiotic strains exposed to lethal conditions
Authors: Borges Sandra , Barbosa Joana , Camilo Rute , Carvalheira Ana , Silva Joana , Sousa Sérgio , Gomes Ana M. , Pintado Maria M. , Silva José P. , Costa Paulo , Amaral Maria H. , Teixeira Paula , Freitas Ana C. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThe effect of microencapsulation on the viability of Lactobacillus casei, L. paracasei, L. acidophilus Ki and Bifidobacterium animalis BB‐12 during exposure to lethal conditions (25% NaCl, pH 3.0 and 55–60 °C) was evaluated. Results demonstrated that survival of probiotic strains to the imposed lethal stress conditions was strain dependent. With the exception of exposure to 25% (w/v) NaCl, L. acidophilus Ki (free and encapsulated cells) demonstrated the highest survival rates through exposure to lethal conditions of temperature and pH. For this probiotic strain exposed to heat, microencapsulated cells expressed a higher heat tolerance at 55 °C than free cells. For the other tested bacteria, in general, encapsulation had no positive effect on survival through the tested lethal conditions.
Colour and Pulsed Doppler Ultrasonographic Study of the Canine Testis
Authors: Carrillo JD , Soler M , Lucas X , Agut A 
Published: November 2011

ContentsThis study was performed to characterize the normal blood flow of the canine testis and to measure the peak systolic velocity (PSV), end‐diastolic velocity (EDV), resistive index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) of testicular arteries weekly during a period of 6 months in five healthy Beagle dogs and to evaluate whether there were any change along this time. The ultrasonographic exams were made with an 11 MHz linear transducer. The vessels of the testes were subdivided into three categories: supratesticular arteries, marginal artery and intratesticular vessels. At the supratesticular arteries, two measurements were recorded at the cranial and the looping parts. No significant differences in any of the parameters studied were observed for the 6 months that the study was performed. The cranial part of the supratesticular artery showed a flow pattern of high‐resistive vessel, whereas in the looping part of the supratesticular artery, marginal and intratesticular arteries, the flow showed a low‐resistance pattern. PSV, RI and PI values were higher at the cranial part of the supratesticular artery, followed by the looping part of the supratesticular artery, marginal and intratesticular vessels. EDV measurements were higher in the looping part of the supratesticular artery.
Uterine Prolapse with Associated Rupture in a Podengo Bitch
Authors: Payan‐Carreira R , Albuquerque C , Abreu H , Maltez L 
Published: November 2011

ContentsA case of uterine prolapse coexisting with uterine horn rupture in a 3‐year‐old Portuguese Podengo bitch, which is an uncommon occurrence, is described. The female was presented with a history of recent parturition, with delivery of four healthy puppies that were normally tended and nursed. The situation developed after an uneventfully pregnancy, and no direct causative factor was identified. The duration of the prolapse was unknown, but considered to be recent because of the swollen reddish appearance of the tubular everted mass. No foetus was found in the uterus or the abdominal cavity. The female was presented in good physical condition, without signs of shock or haemorrhage. During surgical treatment, the uterus was replaced to its normal position followed by ovary‐hysterectomy at 12 h from admittance.
Molecular evolution of key genes for type II secretion in Legionella pneumophila
Authors: Costa Joana , d'Avó Ana Filipa , da Costa Milton S. , Veríssimo António 
Published: November 2011

SummaryGiven the role of type II protein secretion system (T2S) in the ecology and pathogenesis of Legionella pneumophila, it is possible that this system is a target for adaptive evolution. The population genetic structure of L. pneumophila was inferred from the partial sequences of rpoB and from the complete sequence of three T2S structural components (lspD, lspE and pilD) and from two T2S effectors critical for intracellular infection of protozoa (proA and srnA) of 37 strains isolated from natural and man‐made environments and disease‐related from worldwide sources. A phylogenetic analysis was obtained for the concatenated alignment and for each individual locus. Seven main groups were identified containing the same L. pneumophila strains, suggesting an ancient divergence for each cluster and indicating that the operating selective pressures have equally affected the evolution of the five genes. Although linkage disequilibrium analysis indicate a clonal nature for population structure in this sample, our results indicate that recombination is a common phenomenon among T2S‐related genes on this species, as 24 of the 37 L. pneumophila isolates contained at least one locus in which recombination was identified. Furthermore, neutral selection acting on the analysed T2S‐related genes emerged as a clear result, namely on T2S effectors, ProA and SrnA, indicating that they are probably implicated in conserved virulence mechanisms through legionellae hosts.
Atlas Swam: Freedom, Capital, and Floating Sovereignties in the Seasteading Vision
Authors: Steinberg Philip E. , Nyman Elizabeth , Caraccioli Mauro J. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract: Political actors have long drawn on utopian imaginaries of colonizing marine and island spaces as models for idealized libertarian commonwealths. A recent inheritor of this tradition is the seasteading movement, which seeks to “further the establishment and growth of permanent, autonomous ocean communities [by] enabling innovations with new political and social systems” on semi‐stationary, floating platforms. Fueled by a cocktail of ideologies (techno‐optimism, libertarian secession theories, and strains of anarcho‐capitalism), seasteading is touted as the newest “frontier” in creative, entrepreneurial, and social engineering. Inherent in the project, however, are buried ideals about the nature of ocean space, the limits of sovereignty, and the liberatory role of technology and capitalism in the drive for social change and individual freedom. We explore these notions through an examination of seasteading's broader philosophical and economic underpinnings, and their deployment through multiple structural, legal, and social frameworks.Although seasteading is a highly speculative, and even fanciful project, it reflects attempts to resolve contradictions within capitalism: between, on the one hand, the need for order and planning, and, on the other hand, the desire to foster and lionize individual freedom. In the United States, this tension has most visibly entered mainstream discourse through the rise of the Tea Party movement, whose ideology combines adherence to classical liberal ideals about individual entrepreneurship with hostility toward government intervention. Although the seasteading movement, like its better known and more realizable libertarian contemporaries, proposes a solution that its leaders say will resolve this tension, our analysis reveals that it would merely rework it, and thus it unwittingly reinforces the structures it seeks to escape.
Generational Welfare under a Climate‐Change Policy with Induced Innovation*
Authors: Laurent‐Lucchetti Jérémy , Leach Andrew J. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe develop a climate–economy model with generational heterogeneity and with the potential for climate‐policy‐induced technological change. We use the model to assess the distributional implications of climate policies that recycle generated revenues to finance research and development in the energy sector. We show that while the investments of climate‐policy rents that are used to accelerate innovation are likely to be welfare‐improving, as long as significant market failures exist, they are also likely to exacerbate the distributional inequities created across generations by climate‐change policies.
In vitro induction of apoptosis, necrosis and genotoxicity by cosmetic preservatives: application of flow cytometry as a complementary analysis by NRU
Authors: de Carvalho C. M. , Menezes P. F. C. , Letenski G. C. , Praes C. E. O. , Feferman I. H. S. , Lorencini M. 
Published: November 2011

SynopsisPreservatives are used in cosmetics to prevent microbial contamination; however, some preservatives are not free of allergenic and cytotoxic potential. Allergenicity and cytotoxicity potential values are major aspects of preservative safety, which determine limitations and maximum concentration dose in a cosmetic product. The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the in vitro apoptosis, necrosis and genotoxicity‐inducing potential of five different types of preservatives: Phenoxyethanol (PE), Propylparaben (PP), Methylparaben (MP), Benzyl Alcohol (BA) and Ethylhexyl Glycerine (EG). In vitro experiments were carried out on human dermal fibroblasts by a quantitative flow cytometry method, using specific cell markers (Annexin V, Propidium Iodide and H2AX). We compared the resulting cell viability by means of neutral red uptake (NRU) and established the IC50. Our results showed that PE, PP, MP and BA have similar cytotoxic mechanisms (high apoptosis and necrosis levels only at the test concentration of 1%), whereas EG showed only an apoptosis pathway. For genotoxicity, both parabens yielded the highest values. Results obtained by flow cytometry for necrosis were comparable to those produced by NRU; however, NRU does not distinguish apoptosis from necrosis. We propose that flow cytometry is a more sophisticated methodology for understanding the cytotoxic mechanisms of cosmetic preservatives and can be used to complement the NRU.
‘I don’t know what a proper woman means’: what women with intellectual disabilities think about sex, sexuality and themselves
Authors: Fitzgerald Christina , Withers Paul 
Published: November 2011

Accessible summary For a long time, people tried to stop women with intellectual disabilities from knowing about sex and from having sex. We talked to some women with intellectual disabilities to find out what they thought about sex. Many of the women told us that they thought sex is bad and that they should not do it. We want people to be able to help women with intellectual disabilities to feel confident to make choices about sex.SummaryThere is very little literature concerning how women with intellectual disabilities conceptualise their sexuality or develop a sexual identity. Semi‐structured interview schedules were used to guide interviews with 10 women with intellectual disabilities. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the interview transcripts. Many of the women could not conceptualise themselves as sexual beings, and they tended to regard sex as a dirty and inappropriate activity for them. They generally believed that other people prohibited them from engaging in sexual activity. The women often considered themselves to be of little value, and the majority had no clear sense of identity. It is incumbent upon services to find the means to empower women with intellectual disabilities to acknowledge, welcome and take control of their own sexuality.
The role of metallobiology and amyloid‐β peptides in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Roberts Blaine R. , Ryan Timothy M. , Bush Ashley I. , Masters Colin L. , Duce James A. 
Published: November 2011

J. Neurochem. (2012) 120 (Suppl. 1), 149–166.AbstractThe biggest risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease is the process of ageing, but the mechanisms that lead to the manifestation of the disease remain to be elucidated. Why age triggers the disease is unclear but an emerging theme is the inability for a cell to efficiently maintain many key processes such as energy production, repair, and regenerative mechanisms. Metal ions are essential to the metabolic function of every cell. This review will explore the role and reported changes in metal ions in Alzheimer disease, particularly the brain, blood and cerebral spinal fluid, emphasizing how iron, copper and zinc may be involved through the interactions with amyloid precursor protein, the proteolytically cleaved peptide amyloid‐beta (Aβ), and other related metalloproteins. Finally, we explore the monomeric makeup of possible Aβ dimers, what a dimeric Aβ species from Alzheimer’s disease brain tissue is likely to be composed of, and discuss how metals may influence Aβ production and toxicity via a copper catalyzed dityrosine cross‐link.
Self‐reported symptoms in patients on hemodialysis with moderate to severe secondary hyperparathyroidism receiving combined therapy with cinacalcet and low‐dose vitamin D sterols
Authors: Chertow Glenn M. , Lu Z. John , Xu Xiao , Knight Tyler G. , Goodman William G. , Bushinsky David A. , Block Geoffrey A. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPatients with secondary hyperparathyroidism experience a variety of clinical symptoms which may adversely affect physical and mental function. As part of a multicenter, open‐label clinical trial, subjects completed a questionnaire that included the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form‐36 and 14 kidney disease‐related symptoms at multiple time points during the study. Out of the 567 subjects who received at least one dose of cinacalcet, 528 to 535 (93.8–94.4%) completed all or portions of the questionnaire at baseline. The median bioactive parathyroid hormone (PTH) was 294 pg/mL (10%, 90% range, 172–655 pg/mL). Following treatment with cinacalcet and low‐dose vitamin D sterols, subjects reported significant improvement in the frequency of pain in muscles, joints and bones, stiff joints, dry skin, itchy skin, excessive thirst, and trouble with memory. At end of the efficacy assessment phase (Weeks 16 to 22), the magnitude of improvement was the greatest in joint pain, bone pain, dry skin, and excessive thirst (>5 on a 0–100 scale; P < 0.001). There were no clinically or statistically significant changes in any of the Short Form‐36 subscales or in the physical or mental health composite scores. Among patients on hemodialysis with moderate to severe secondary hyperparathyroidism, treatment with cinacalcet and low‐dose vitamin D sterols results in significant improvement in pain in the muscles, joints and bones, joint stiffness, dry and itchy skin, excessive thirst, and trouble with memory.