bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperature as a moisture cue in haptics on hair
Authors: Tanamachi H. 
Published: June 2010

SynopsisA mechanism for giving a moisturized or dried‐out feeling to hair was investigated. A two‐step approach was conducted in order to elucidate the issue. First, we have reviewed previous studies that are related to the sensory perception of materials not only in cosmetic industry but also in other fields, such as textile and architecture industries, and established a hypothesis. Second, we have verified the hypothesis derived from the first step and identified the mechanism for the moisturized or dried‐out feeling that people feel by measuring the heat transfer characteristic, qmax. The results revealed that the moisturized or dried‐out feeling that people feel at the moment of contact with hair was highly related to the temperature drop at the skin surface. The results also revealed that the moisturized or dried‐out feeling strongly depends on the hair shape (meandering and diameter), surface damage and the water content of hair fibres which constitute the hair swatch. The moisturized feeling, however, was not related to the water content of hair fibres at a constant relative humidity (RH), as the differences in the water content of the hair fibres at a constant RH were too small for the recognition of the difference in the moisturized feeling.
Autologous melanocyte–keratinocyte suspension in the treatment of vitiligo
Authors: El‐Zawahry BM , Zaki NS , Bassiouny DA , Sobhi RM , Zaghloul A , Khorshied MM , Gouda HM 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackground  In stable vitiligo, several techniques of autologous transplantation of melanocytes are used. Autologous melanocyte transplantation of non‐cultured melanocytes is one of those techniques with variable reported outcomes.Objective  The objective of this study was to evaluate the response to autologous melanocyte–keratinocytes suspension transplantation in cases of stable vitiligo.Methods  A total of 25 cases of vitiligo were treated by autologous melanocyte–keratinocytes suspension transplantation. After 6–17 months, patients’ response was evaluated according to the extent of pigmentation (excellent 90–100%, good 50–89%, fair 20–49% and poor response <20%).Results  Of the 25 patients treated, 22 continued the follow‐up period. Five (23%) patients showed excellent response, 7 (32%) good, 6 (27%) fair and 4(18%) showed poor response.Conclusion  Unlike transplantation of cultured melanocytes, which requires experience in culture technique, autologous melanocyte–keratinocytes suspension transplantation is an easy economic technique, which may be used in resistant areas of stable vitiligo.
Tendon‐derived stem/progenitor cell aging: defective self‐renewal and altered fate
Authors: Zhou Zuping , Akinbiyi Takintope , Xu Lili , Ramcharan Melissa , Leong Daniel J. , Ros Stephen J. , Colvin Alexis C. , Schaffler Mitchell B. , Majeska Robert J. , Flatow Evan L. , Sun Hui B. 
Published: June 2010

SummaryAging is a major risk factor for tendon injury and impaired tendon healing, but the basis for these relationships remains poorly understood. Here we show that rat tendon‐derived stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs) differ in both self‐renewal and differentiation capability with age. The frequency of TSPCs in tendon tissues of aged animals is markedly reduced based on colony formation assays. Proliferation rate is decreased, cell cycle progression is delayed and cell fate patterns are also altered in aged TSPCs. In particular, expression of tendon lineage marker genes is reduced while adipocytic differentiation increased. Cited2, a multi‐stimuli responsive transactivator involved in cell growth and senescence, is also downregulated in aged TSPCs while CD44, a matrix assembling and organizing protein implicated in tendon healing, is upregulated, suggesting that these genes participate in the control of TSPC function.
Retrospective Study: Incidence of transfusion reactions to commercial equine plasma
Authors: Hardefeldt Laura Y. , Keuler Nicholas , Peek Simon F. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjective
–
To report on the incidence of transfusion reactions to commercial equine plasma in a hospital‐based population of horses, to characterize these reactions and report on outcome.Design
–
Retrospective study.Setting
–
University teaching hospital.Animals
–
Client‐owned horses referred to the University of Wisconsin.Interventions
–
Intravenous administration of 2 commercial equine plasma products when clinically indicated.Measurements and Main Results
–
Medical records of 107 horses that received plasma transfusions between 2003 and 2008 were evaluated. Transfusion reactions were recorded in 6 of 107 transfusions. All individuals were administered plasma from 1 commercial source. Foals <30 days of age received a hypergammaglobulinemic product and all adults received a lower IgG concentration product. No reactions were recorded in adults. In foals (<30 d) reactions were recorded in 6 of 69 cases (8.7%), all of which occurred in neonates <7 days of age (6/62; [9.7%]). The most frequent reactions were fever (4/6), tachycardia (2/6), tachypnea (2/6), and colic (2/6). All affected foals survived the reaction. There were no statistically significant differences (P<0.05) in any of the variables examined between those foals that did and those that did not experience transfusion reactions.Conclusion
–
The incidence of transfusion reactions was 8.7% in foals and 0% in adult horses in our referral population. Five of 6 foals responded to medical therapy and eventually received the clinically indicated transfusion. No transfusion related mortality occurred.
Cryopreservation of peripheral blood stem cell: the influence of cell concentration on cellular and hematopoietic recovery
Authors: Alencar Sibelle , Garnica Márcia , Luiz Ronir R. , Nogueira Carmen M. , Borojevic Radovan , Maiolino Angelo , Dutra Hélio S. 
Published: June 2010

BACKGROUND: The optimal cryopreservation cell concentration during the peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) collection is a controversial topic. We evaluated the influence of cryopreservation concentration on the recovery of hematopoietic progenitor cells and the kinetics of hematopoietic recovery of autologous stem cell transplant patients.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, we compared two different cryopreservation protocols: 1 × 108 cells/mL (Protocol A) and 2 × 108 cells/mL (Protocol B). A total of 419 PBSCs were analyzed with regard to the number of viable cells and colony‐forming units–granulocytes‐monocytes (CFU‐GM) progenitors. The hematopoietic recovery of 275 patients who received PBSCs cryopreserved at a dose of 1 × 108 cells/mL (Group A) and 2 × 108 cells/mL (Group B) were compared.RESULTS: There were no significant differences in recovery of viable cells between Protocol A and Protocol B. The median of recovery of CFU‐GM progenitors was significantly higher in Protocol B (41.2 vs. 57.3, p < 0.01). The median times to neutrophil recovery (≥500 × 106/L) and platelet (PLT) recovery (≥20 × 109/L) in Groups A and B were 11 days versus 11 days and 12 days versus 12 days, respectively. However, by Kaplan and Meier analyses, Group B recovered neutrophils with a little delay (p = 0.01). No difference was observed with regard to time to PLT recovery. On multivariate analysis, we found that the number of CD34+ cells and CFU‐GM progenitors had a significant influence on hematopoietic recovery.CONCLUSION: Cryopreservation of PBSCs at a dose of 2 × 108 cells/mL did not affect the recovery rate of viable cells or the hematopoietic recovery of autologous stem cell transplant patients.
Development of a rapid emergency hemorrhage panel
Authors: Chandler Wayne L. , Ferrell Chris , Trimble Sara , Moody Suzanne 
Published: June 2010

BACKGROUND: Evaluation of hemostasis in bleeding patients requires both accuracy and speed.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: As an alternative to point‐of‐care testing, we developed an emergency hemorrhage panel (EHP: prothrombin time [PT], fibrinogen, platelet count, hematocrit) for use in making transfusion decisions on bleeding patients with a goal of less than 20‐minute turnaround time (TAT) when performed in the clinical laboratory on automated instruments. Because point‐of‐care samples are not checked for clotting or hemolysis, we evaluated their effect on automated testing.RESULTS: TAT was reduced by moving the sample immediately to testing and shortening centrifugation times. Clotting in samples was rare (1.1%) and shortened the PT by only 0.7 seconds. It lowered fibrinogen on average 18%, but resulted in only one of 2300 samples changing from normal to low fibrinogen. Hemolysis had no clinically significant effect on the PT or fibrinogen. Therefore, hemolysis checks were eliminated and clot checks minimized. Initially TAT averaged 15 ± 4 minutes (range, 8‐30 min), but 9% of samples exceeded the 20‐minute goal due to low fibrinogens that slowed testing. A revised fibrinogen assay with expanded calibration range resulted in a TAT of 14 ± 3 minutes (range, 6‐28 min) with only 2% of samples exceeding the 20‐minute goal. By limiting EHPs to patients that were actively bleeding, EHPs accounted for only 8 of 243 coagulation samples per day.CONCLUSION: Limiting EHPs to bleeding patients and modifications to the process and assays used for hemostasis testing lead to TATs of less than 20 minutes for critical testing in the clinical laboratory.
Restricted Diffusion in a Thrombosed Anterior Cerebral Artery Aneurysm Mimicking a Dermoid Cyst
Authors: Fifi Johanna T. , Komotar Ricardo , Meyers Philip , Khandji Alexander , Tanji Kurenai , Connolly E. Sander 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTA neurologically intact 37‐year‐old woman presented with an acute severe frontal headache after a month of intermittent headaches. Multimodal radiological examination including computed tomography scan, magnetic resonance imaging, and conventional angiography demonstrated a 1 cm mass in the anterior interhemispheric region with heterogenous calcifications. Of note, MR revealed restricted diffusion within the mass. The presumptive diagnosis of dermoid tumor was made and the patient was scheduled for surgical resection. On operative exploration, a 1 cm thrombosed aneurysm was revealed. Thrombosed aneurysms must be considered in the differential diagnosis for midline cerebral masses with negative angiogram and restricted diffusion. This distinction has implications for the clinical management of the patient.
Computational Biology Approaches to Plant Metabolism and Photosynthesis: Applications for Corals in Times of Climate Change and Environmental Stress
Authors: Crabbe M. James C. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract Knowledge of factors that are important in reef resilience helps us to understand how reef ecosystems react following major anthropogenic and environmental disturbances. The symbiotic relationship between the photosynthetic zooxanthellae algal cells and corals is that the zooxanthellae provide the coral with carbon, while the coral provides protection and access to enough light for the zooxanthellae to photosynthesise. This article reviews some recent advances in computational biology relevant to photosynthetic organisms, including Beyesian approaches to kinetics, computational methods for flux balances in metabolic processes, and determination of clades of zooxanthallae. Application of these systems will be important in the conservation of coral reefs in times of climate change and environmental stress.
Embryo Stem Cell Research: Ten Years of Controversy
Authors: Robertson John A. 
Published: June 2010

Embryonic stem cell (ESC) research has been a source of ethical, legal, and social controversy since the first successful culturing of human ESCs in the laboratory in 1998. The controversy has slowed the pace of stem cell science and shaped many aspects of its subsequent development. This paper assesses the main issues that have bedeviled stem cell progress and identifies the ethical fault lines that are likely to continue.The time is appropriate for such an assessment because the field is poised for a period of rapid development. President Obama has removed the Bush administration’s restrictions on federal funding. A huge influx of federal research funds is in the offing and presumably a more rapid maturing of the science will take place. Stem cell science is also moving into the clinical realm. In March 2009, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first clinical trial with an ESC-derived therapy for spinal cord injuries, an important first step — though by no means a final or a sure one — in moving ESC research out of the laboratory into clinical medicine. Finally, recent work with induced pluripotent stem (IPS) cells suggests that non-embryonic sources of pluripotent stem cells may one day be routinely available. Such a development will lessen the temperature of the ethical debate while raising other issues.
Why Scientific Details are Important When Novel Technologies Encounter Law, Politics, and Ethics
Authors: Goldstein Lawrence 
Published: June 2010

Lost at times in the heat of debate about stem cell research, or any controversial advanced technology, is the need for precision in debate and discussion. The details matter a great deal, ranging from the need to use words that have precise definitions, to accurately quote colleagues and adversaries, and to cite scientific and medical results in a way that reflects the quality, rigor, and reliability of the work at issue. Regrettably, considerable inaccuracy has found its way into the debates about stem cells, on all sides, with consequent fogging of the issues.A key detail that is often overlooked in the debates about the uses of human embryonic stem cells in research comes from the nature of in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment for infertility. Specifically, there are many frozen human embryos (more precisely called blastocysts) that are in excess of reproductive needs of the couple who generated them, and that must be either frozen indefinitely, donated to another couple, or destroyed.
Political Interventions in U.S. Human Embryo Research: An Ethical Assessment
Authors: Green Ronald M. 
Published: June 2010

Although the first human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) were produced in 1998, the direction of U.S. policy on stem cell research was set nearly 20 years earlier when the recommendations of a congressionally established Ethics Advisory Board were ignored by the Reagan administration. Thus began an unprecedented and unparalleled 30-year-long history of political intrusions in an area of scientific and biomedical research that has measurable impacts on the health of Americans. Driving these intrusions were religiously informed public policy positions that have usually escaped critical ethical analysis. Here I record my own encounters with this history of intrusions and the thinking behind them.My most abrupt encounter with the politics of stem cell research occurred on September 6, 2006, at a hearing of the Senate Subcommittee on Labor, Health and Human Services and Related Agencies, chaired by Senator Arlen Specter. Just a week before, scientists at Advanced Cell Technology (ACT), a small Massachusetts biotech company, had published a paper in the journal Nature in which they described a method for extracting stem cells from early human embryos while leaving the embryos intact and viable. As head of ACT’s Ethics Advisory Board, I had supported this research.
Resolving Ethical Issues in Stem Cell Clinical Trials: The Example of Parkinson Disease
Authors: Lo Bernard , Parham Lindsay 
Published: June 2010

Stem cells derived from pluripotent cells offer the hope of new treatments for diseases for which current therapy is inadequate. Clinical trials are essential in developing effective and safe stem cell therapies and fulfilling this promise. However, such clinical trials raise ethical issues that are more complex than those raised in clinical trials using drugs, cord blood stem cells, or adult stem cells. Several clinical trials are now being carried out with stem cells derived from pluripotent cells, and many more can be expected in light of the rapid scientific progress in the field.Degenerative neurological diseases are desirable targets for stem cell clinical trials. The FDA has approved Phase 1 clinical trials of neural stem cell transplantation for Batten Disease, Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease, and spinal cord injury. In Parkinson Disease (PD), stem cell transplantation could correct the primary pathophysiological defect — inadequate levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine. Current treatment is unsatisfactory in late-stage PD.
Will Embryonic Stem Cells Change Health Policy?
Authors: Sage William M. 
Published: June 2010

Essays on stem cell policy seem to fall into three categories. Some essays in this collection are about logic and principles. Others are about practices and beliefs. The former group draws lines and defends them, a normative project. The latter group attempts to explain the lines that already exist, a descriptive project that may have important normative goals. Still other essays, by scientists, are about growing stem cell lines instead of drawing them.The purpose of this essay is to situate the lines being drawn around stem cell science in the larger landscape of health policy. I am interested in the things that cause health policy to take particular directions and the consequences of those directions for cost, access, and quality — all of which are determined in part by biomedical innovations such as those potentially derived from stem cells.
Growth Kinetics ofHyphomicrobiumandThiobacillusspp. in Mixed Cultures Degrading Dimethyl Sulfide and Methanol
Authors: Hayes Alexander C. , Liss Steven N. , Allen D. Grant 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTThe growth kinetics ofHyphomicrobiumspp. andThiobacillusspp. on dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and methanol (in the case ofHyphomicrobiumspp.) in an enrichment culture created from a biofilter cotreating DMS and methanol were studied. Specific growth rates of 0.099 h−1and 0.11 h−1were determined forHyphomicrobiumspp. andThiobacillusspp., respectively, growing on DMS at pH 7. These specific growth rates are double the highest maximum specific growth rate for bacterial growth on DMS reported to date in the literature. When the pH of the medium was decreased from pH 7 to pH 5, the specific growth rate ofHyphomicrobiumspp. decreased by 85%, with a near 100-fold decline in the yield ofHyphomicrobium16S rRNA gene copies in the mixed culture. Through the same pH shift, the specific growth rate and 16S rRNA gene yield ofThiobacillusspp. remained similar. When methanol was used as a substrate, the specific growth rate ofHyphomicrobiumspp. declined much less over the same pH range (up to 30%) while the yield of 16S rRNA gene copies declined by only 50%. Switching from an NH4+-N-based source to a NO3−-N-based source resulted in the same trends for the specific growth rate of these microorganisms with respect to pH. This suggests that pH has far more impact on the growth kinetics of these microorganisms than the nitrogen source. The results of these mixed-culture batch experiments indicate that the increased DMS removal rates observed in previous studies of biofilters cotreating DMS and methanol are due to the proliferation of DMS-degradingHyphomicrobiumspp. on methanol at pH levels not conducive to high growth rates on DMS alone.
Novel Bifunctional α-l-Arabinofuranosidase/Xylobiohydrolase (ABF3) fromPenicillium purpurogenum
Authors: Ravanal María Cristina , Callegari Eduardo , Eyzaguirre Jaime 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTThe soft rot fungusPenicillium purpurogenumgrows on a variety of natural substrates and secretes various isoforms of xylanolytic enzymes, including three arabinofuranosidases. This work describes the biochemical properties as well as the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of arabinofuranosidase 3 (ABF3). This enzyme has been purified to homogeneity. It is a glycosylated monomer with a molecular weight of 50,700 and can bind cellulose. The enzyme is active withp-nitrophenyl α-l-arabinofuranoside andp-nitrophenyl β-d-xylopyranoside with aKmof 0.65 mM and 12 mM, respectively. The enzyme is active on xylooligosaccharides, yielding products of shorter length, including xylose. However, it does not hydrolyze arabinooligosaccharides. When assayed with polymeric substrates, little arabinose is liberated from arabinan and debranched arabinan; however, it hydrolyzes arabinose and releases xylooligosaccharides from arabinoxylan. Sequencing both ABF3 cDNA and genomic DNA reveals that this gene does not contain introns and that the open reading frame is 1,380 nucleotides in length. The deduced mature protein is composed of 433 amino acids residues and has a calculated molecular weight of 47,305. The deduced amino acid sequence has been validated by mass spectrometry analysis of peptides from purified ABF3. A total of 482 bp of the promoter were sequenced; putative binding sites for transcription factors such as CreA (four), XlnR (one), and AreA (three) and two CCAAT boxes were found. The enzyme has two domains, one similar to proteins of glycosyl hydrolase family 43 at the amino-terminal end and a family 6 carbohydrate binding module at the carboxyl end. ABF3 is the first described modular family 43 enzyme from a fungal source, having both α-l-arabinofuranosidase and xylobiohydrolase functionalities.
Molecular Analysis of Two Bacterioferritin Genes,
bfr
α and
bfr
β, in the Model Rhizobacterium
Pseudomonas putida
KT2440
Authors: Chen Shicheng , Bleam William F. , Hickey William J. 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACT

The model rhizobacterium
Pseudomonas putida
KT2440 and other fluorescent pseudomonads possess two bacterioferritins, Bfrα and Bfrβ. However, the regulatory systems controlling the expression of these genes and the roles of these proteins in iron homeostasis are ill defined. Our studies show that both
bfr
α and
bfr
β were monocistronic: promoter motifs and transcriptional start sites were identified, and Fur boxes and σ
S
-dependent regulatory motifs were absent. The expressions of
bfr
α and
bfr
β were enhanced by iron exposure and were maximal in cells rapidly growing in a high-iron environment. Both
bfr
α and
bfr
β were positively regulated by Fur, and both were expressed independently of adjoining, functionally related genes. The loss of Bfrα or Bfrβ individually resulted in a significant reduction (ca. 17%) in cellular iron levels, and the deletion of both
bfr
α and
bfr
β reduced cellular iron levels by 38% relative to those of the wild type. The mutants varied in their abilities to grow in low-iron medium; while growths (rate and final cell density) of single mutants and the wild type were similar, that of the double mutant was reduced significantly. Mutants lacking Bfrα and/or Bfrβ showed no change relative to the wild type in sensitivity to reactive oxygen species toxicity. Collectively, the data show that while Bfrα and Bfrβ could function independently of each other, an interaction-dependent function cannot be ruled out. Furthermore, regardless of the mechanism, a primary benefit of the bacterioferritins to
P. putida
KT2440 appears to be the enhancement of its survival in the environment by strengthening its tolerance to iron starvation.