bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The complexity of extracellular vesicles: Bridging the gap between cellular communication and neuropathology
Authors: Tam Stephanie , Wear Darcy , Morrone Christopher D. , Yu Wai Haung 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBrain‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) serve a prominent role in maintaining homeostasis and contributing to pathology in health and disease. This review establishes a crucial link between physiological processes leading to EV biogenesis and their impacts on disease. EVs are involved in the clearance and transport of proteins and nucleic acids, responding to changes in cellular processes associated with neurodegeneration, including autophagic disruption, organellar dysfunction, aging, and other cell stresses. In neurodegenerative disorders (e.g., Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, etc.), EVs contribute to the spread of pathological proteins like amyloid β, tau, ɑ‐synuclein, prions, and TDP‐43, exacerbating neurodegeneration and accelerating disease progression. Despite evidence for both neuropathological and neuroprotective effects of EVs, the mechanistic switch between their physiological and pathological functions remains elusive, warranting further research into their involvement in neurodegenerative disease. Moreover, owing to their innate ability to traverse the blood–brain barrier and their ubiquitous nature, EVs emerge as promising candidates for novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. The review uniquely positions itself at the intersection of EV cell biology, neurophysiology, and neuropathology, offering insights into the diverse biological roles of EVs in health and disease.image
Improving Recess through Collaboration: Exploring the Facilitators and Barriers to Sustaining Positive Playground Behavior*
Authors: Arnold Jim P. , Farello Anna , Özkoca Nazlı , Ozenbaugh Isabella , Braxling Cole , Massey William V. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDSchool recess quality is vital to children's social and emotional skill development. However, there is a research‐to‐practice gap where academic findings are ineffectively translated back to schools. The aims of this study were to examine how a co‐designed intervention would impact negative behaviors observed during recess and to explore the facilitators and barriers to recess implementation over the course of a school year.METHODSUtilizing a research‐practice partnership, the authors collaborated with staff at an elementary school to design, implement, and assess an intervention focused on improving recess quality. The intervention offered training in research‐supported recess practices through professional development training and teaching students transitions and games. The school's recess behavioral report log of negative playground behaviors across the academic year and notes from recess staff meetings were analyzed.RESULTSQuantitative results pointed to a stable decrease in negative playground behaviors post‐intervention compared to pre‐intervention. Qualitative analyses suggest school leadership and practitioners should focus on “reculturing” recess prior to making structural changes, and empowering recess staff to sustain change.CONCLUSIONPrior to considering interventions at recess, there is a need to assess both school and recess culture. In doing so, reculturing around the importance of recess during the school day and the roles of adults in the process is needed to ensure the sustainability of any changes made.
Sleep quality during and after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (COVID‐19) lockdowns in the UK: Results from the SleepQuest study
Authors: Blackman Jonathan , Gabb Victoria Grace , Carrigan Neil , Wearn Alfie , Meky Saba , Selwood James , Desai Bhavisha , Piggins Hugh D. , Turner Nicholas , Greenwood Rosemary , Coulthard Elizabeth 
Published: April 2024

SummarySleep is fundamental to health. The aim of this study was to analyse and determine factors predicting sleep quality during and after national lockdowns due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (COVID‐19) in the UK. A longitudinal online survey‐based study (SleepQuest) involving UK adults was administered in Spring 2020, Winter 2020, and Winter 2022 including questionnaires probing sleep quality, depression, anxiety, beliefs about sleep, demographics, COVID‐19 status, and exercise. The primary outcome was sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index). A linear mixed‐effects model evaluated factors associated with baseline and longitudinal sleep quality. Complete data were provided by 3306 participants in Spring 2020, 2196 participants in Winter 2020, and 1193 in Winter 2022. Participants were mostly female (73.8%), white (97.4%), and aged over 50 years (81.0%). On average, participants reported poor sleep quality in Spring 2020 (mean [SD] Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score = 6.59 [3.6]) and Winter 2020 (mean [SD] Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score = 6.44 [3.6]), with improved but still poor sleep quality in Winter 2022 (mean [SD] Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score = 6.17 [3.5]). Improved sleep quality was driven by better subjective sleep and reduced daytime dysfunction and sleep latency. Being female, older, having caring responsibilities, working nightshifts, and reporting higher levels of depression, anxiety, and unhelpful beliefs about sleep were associated with worse baseline PSQI scores. Better sleep quality was associated with more days exercising per week at baseline. Interventions focusing on improving mental health, exercise, and attitudes towards sleep, particularly in at‐risk groups, may improve sleep‐related outcomes in future pandemics.
Tree water uptake patterns across the globe
Authors: Bachofen Christoph , Tumber‐Dávila Shersingh Joseph , Mackay D. Scott , McDowell Nate G. , Carminati Andrea , Klein Tamir , Stocker Benjamin D. , Mencuccini Maurizio , Grossiord Charlotte 
Published: April 2024

SummaryPlant water uptake from the soil is a crucial element of the global hydrological cycle and essential for vegetation drought resilience. Yet, knowledge of how the distribution of water uptake depth (WUD) varies across species, climates, and seasons is scarce relative to our knowledge of aboveground plant functions. With a global literature review, we found that average WUD varied more among biomes than plant functional types (i.e. deciduous/evergreen broadleaves and conifers), illustrating the importance of the hydroclimate, especially precipitation seasonality, on WUD. By combining records of rooting depth with WUD, we observed a consistently deeper maximum rooting depth than WUD with the largest differences in arid regions – indicating that deep taproots act as lifelines while not contributing to the majority of water uptake. The most ubiquitous observation across the literature was that woody plants switch water sources to soil layers with the highest water availability within short timescales. Hence, seasonal shifts to deep soil layers occur across the globe when shallow soils are drying out, allowing continued transpiration and hydraulic safety. While there are still significant gaps in our understanding of WUD, the consistency across global ecosystems allows integration of existing knowledge into the next generation of vegetation process models.
Species diversity promotes facilitation under stressful conditions
Authors: Danet Alain , Bautista Susana , Génin Alexandre , Beckerman Andrew P. , Anthelme Fabien , Kéfi Sonia 
Published: April 2024

Climate change is expected to lead to a drier world, with more frequent and severe droughts, constituting a growing threat to biodiversity, especially in drylands. Positive plant−plant interactions, such as nurse plants facilitating beneficiary communities in their understorey, could mitigate such climate‐induced stress. However, testing the real‐world relevance of nurse facilitation under drought requires accounting for interactions within the diverse beneficiary communities, which may reduce, or amplify the buffering effect of a nurse. Here, we investigated when and how the interactions among nurse plants and beneficiary community members buffered drought effects in a Mediterranean semiarid abandoned cropland. We transplanted sapling beneficiary communities of either one or three species either under a nurse or in open microsites for different soil moisture levels through watering. Net facilitative effects on survival and biomass were only observed when beneficiary communities were species‐diverse and under drought (without watering), meaning that under these conditions, facilitation provided by the nurse had larger positive effects than the negative effects stemming from competition with the nurse and among beneficiary species. Nurses appear to be generating these increases in survival and biomass in drought conditions via two mechanisms commonly associated with watering in open sites: they generate complementarity among the beneficiaries and shift traits to lower stress profiles. Contrasting with watering, which was found to enhance competitive hierarchy, our study shows that nurses appear to alter species dominance, favouring the less competitive species. Our results highlight three mechanisms (complementarity, competitive dominance, and trait plasticity) by which nurse species could mitigate the loss of biodiversity and biomass production due to water stress. Maintaining and supporting nurse species is thus a potentially pivotal approach in the face of projected increase in drought conditions for many drylands across the world.Keywords: biodiversity, dryland, ecosystem functioning, facilitation, functional traits, plant–plant interactions
The Efficacy of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction with Peroneus Longus Tendon and its Impact on Ankle Joint Function
Authors: Zhang Shichao , Cai Guoping , Ge Zhe 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivePeroneus Longus Tendon (PLT), a viable anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) graft, shares similar biomechanics, making it suitable for reconstruction. Controversy exists over whether PLT transplants affects the donor ankle joint. The purpose of this study was to examine the recovery of knee joint function following arthroscopic ACL restoration using autologous PLT and its influence on the donor ankle joint.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on 65 patients with ACL rupture who underwent PLT graft reconstruction in our hospital from January 2016 to December 2021. A three‐dimensional gait analysis of the bilateral knee and ankle joints was performed postoperatively using an Opti_Knee three‐dimensional motion measurement and analysis system—Yidong Medical Infrared Motion Gait Analyzer. Knee function scores and changes in the range of motion of the bilateral knee and ankle joints were collected. The analysis of preoperative and postoperative joint function scores, bilateral knee and ankle mobility was performed by t‐tests.ResultsOne year after surgery, the patients' International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Scores (KOOSs), and Lysholm scores were significantly improved compared to preoperative scores, with statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score of the donor ankle joint before and after surgery (p > 0.05). During different gait cycles, there was no statistical difference in knee joint mobility between the affected and healthy sides (p > 0.05), but there was a statistical difference in the inversion and eversion angle of the donor ankle joint during the support phase (p < 0.05).ConclusionACL reconstruction using the PLT can yield satisfactory knee joint function. However, it does affect inversion and eversion in the donor ankle joint, necessitating postoperative exercises. Similar subjective function ratings for both operated and non‐operated feet, despite increased inversion‐eversion motion in the operated foot, may be influenced by the subjective nature and margin of error in the AOFAS Ankle‐hindfoot score, along with the relatively small variation in ankle inversion‐eversion angles.
Effects of Cage Implantation Depth on Sagittal Parameters and Functional Outcomes in Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion for the Treatment of L4‐L5 Lumbar Degenerative Spondylolisthesis
Authors: Deng Lei , Wang Chengyue , Sun Haifu , Lv Nanning , Shen Yang , Qian Zhonglai , Liu Hao 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveIn the treatment of lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis (LDS) with Posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) surgery, interbody fusion implants play a key role in supporting the vertebral body and facilitating fusion. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of implantation depth on sagittal parameters and functional outcomes in patients undergoing PLIF surgery.MethodsThis study reviewed 128 patients with L4‐L5 LDS between January 2016 and August 2019. All patients underwent an open PLIF surgery that included intravertebral decompression, implantation of pedicle screws and cage. We grouped according to the position of the center of the cage relative to the L5 vertebral endplate. Patients with the center of the cage located at the anterior 1/2 of the upper end plate of the L5 vertebral body were divided into Anterior group, and located at the posterior 1/2 of the upper end plate of the L5 vertebral body were divided into Posterior group. The lumbar lordosis (LL), segmental lordosis (SL), sacral slope (SS), pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT) and slope degree (SD) was measured for radiographic outcomes. We used the visual analog scale (VAS) and the oswestry disability index (ODI) score to assess functional outcomes. Paired t‐test was used to compare imaging and bedside data before and after surgery between the two groups, and independent sample t‐test, χ2 test and Fisher exact test were used to compare the data between the two groups.ResultThe mean follow‐up of Anterior group was 44.13 ± 9.23 months, and Posterior group was 45.62 ± 10.29 months (P > 0.05). The LL, SL, PT, SS, SD and PI‐LL after operation showed great improvements, relative to the corresponding preoperative values in both groups (P < 0.05). Compared to Posterior group, Anterior group exhibited far enhanced SL (15.49 ± 3.28 vs. 13.67 ± 2.53, P < 0.05), LL (53.47 ± 3.21 vs. 52.08 ± 3.15, P < 0.05) outcomes and showed depressed PI‐LL (8.87 ± 5.05 vs. 10.73 ± 5.39, P < 0.05) outcomes at the final follow‐up. Meanwhile, the SL in Anterior group (16.18 ± 3.99) 1 months after operation were also higher than in Posterior group (14.12 ± 3.57) (P < 0.05). We found that VAS and ODI at the final follow‐up in Anterior group (3.62 ± 0.96, 25.19 ± 5.25) were significantly lower than those in Posterior group (4.12 ± 0.98, 27.68 ± 5.13) (P < 0.05).ConclusionsFor patients with LDS, the anteriorly placed cage may provide better improvement of SL after PLIF surgery. Meanwhile, the anteriorly placed cage may achieve better sagittal parameters of LL and PI‐LL and functional outcomes at the final follow‐up.
Recurrent disease after pediatric renal transplantation
Authors: Nayak Anjali , Ettenger Robert , Wesseling‐Perry Katherine 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundRecurrent disease after kidney transplant remains an important cause of allograft failure, accounting for 7‐8% of graft loss and ranking as the fifth most common cause of allograft loss in the pediatric population. Although the pathophysiology of many recurrent diseases is incompletely understood, recent advances in basic science and therapeutics are improving outcomes and changing the course of several of these conditions.MethodsReview of the literature.ResultsWe discuss the diagnosis and management of recurrent disease.ConclusionWe highlight new insights into the pathophysiology and treatment of post‐transplant primary hyperoxaluria, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, immune complex glomerulonephritis, C3 glomerulopathy, lupus nephritis, atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, and IgA nephropathy.
Characterization of gelling agents in callus inducing media: Physical properties and their effect on callus growth
Authors: Muzika Noy Sadot , Kamai Tamir , Williams Leor Eshed , Kleiman Maya 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn plant tissue culture, callus formation serves as a crucial mechanism for regenerating entire plants, enabling the differentiation of diverse tissues. Researchers have extensively studied the influence of media composition, particularly plant growth regulators, on callus behavior. However, the impact of the physical properties of the media, a well‐established factor in mammalian cell studies, has received limited attention in the context of plant tissue culture. Previous research has highlighted the significance of gelling agents in affecting callus growth and differentiation, with Agar, Phytagel, and Gelrite being the most used options. Despite their widespread use, a comprehensive comparison of their physical properties and their subsequent effects on callus behavior remains lacking. Our study provides insights into optimizing plant tissue culture media by analyzing the physical properties of gelling agents and their impact on callus induction and differentiation. We compared the phenotypes of calli grown on media composed of these different gelling agents and correlated them to the physical properties of these media. We tested water retention, examined pore size using cryo‐SEM, measured the media mechanical properties, and studied diffusion characteristics. We found that the mechanical properties of the media are the only quality correlated with callus phenotype.
Electroencephalography as an objective method for assessing subjective emotions during the application of cream
Authors: Wang Feifei , Ma Xiao , Cheng Dangdang , Gao Lei , Yao Chunping , Lin Wenqiang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo compare emotional responses elicited by four cosmetic products on different sensory modalities (smell, visual, and touch), and analyze the link between objective instrumental analysis results and subjective evaluation of participants occurring within dimensional valence‐arousal model of emotions.MethodsIn this study, four cream products exhibiting variations in olfactory perception, visual appearance and perception usability were selected. Electroencephalography (EEG) and a subjective emotion scale were used to assess participants’ emotional responses during the sensory experience of utilizing the creams.ResultsThe study revealed that the objective emotional valence and arousal of different cream products exhibited certain variations at distinct stages of usage. The trend of valence differences induced by different products measured by EEG at the same stage was almost as same as measured by subjective evaluation. The correspondence between the valence measured by EEG closely approximated that obtained through subjective evaluation across various products at distinct stages of usage. These findings demonstrate a significant correlation between EEG‐based valence and subjective valence, however, no such relationship was observed for arousal.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the feasibility of using EEG as a method to assess emotions elicited by various stages of cosmetics application, including smelling, looking, rubbing, and afterfeel. This technique serves as a valuable supplement to traditional methods for examining emotional responses by providing more objective evidence.
A Three-Actuator Cable-Driven Parallel Robot With a Rectangular Workspace
Authors: Behroozi Foroogh , Mersi Ramin , Benoist Antoine , Ying Yong Ru , Cardou Philippe , Caro Stéphane 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In the realm of cable-driven parallel robots (CDPRs), the conventional notion entails that each cable is directly actuated by a corresponding actuator, implying a direct relationship between the number of cables and actuators. However, this article introduces a paradigm shift by contending that the number of cables should be contingent upon the desired workspace, while the number of actuators should align with the robot’s degrees-of-freedom (DoF). This novel perspective leads to an unconventional design methodology for CDPRs. Instead of commencing with the number of actuators and cables in mind, we propose an approach that begins with defining the required workspace shape and determines the requisite number of cables. Subsequently, an actuation scheme is established where each actuator can drive multiple cables. This process entails the formulation of a transmission matrix that captures the interplay between actuators and cables, followed by the mechanical implementation of the corresponding cable-pulley routing. To illustrate this approach, we provide an example involving a 2-DoF CDPR aimed at covering a rectangular workspace. Notably, the resulting wrench-closure workspace (WCW) and wench-feasible workspace (WFW) of the proposed designs exhibit favorable comparisons to existing CDPRs with more actuators.
The TRAF3-DYRK1A-RAD54L2 complex maintains ACE2 expression to promote SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Mao Dexin , Liu Shufeng , Phan An Thanh , Renner Stephanie , Sun Yan , Wang Tony T. , Zhu Yiping 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the host receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, is differentially expressed in a wide variety of tissues and cell types. The expression of ACE2 is under tight regulation, but the mechanisms regulating ACE2 expression have not yet been well defined. Through a genome-wide CRISPR knockout screen, we discovered that host factors TRAF3, DYRK1A, and RAD54L2 (TDR) form a complex to regulate the expression of ACE2. Knockout of TRAF3, DYRK1A, or RAD54L2 reduces the mRNA levels of ACE2 and inhibits the cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2. On the other hand, SARS-CoV-2 continuously evolves by genetic mutations for the adaption to the host. We have identified mutations in spike (S) (P1079T) and nucleocapsid (N) (S194L) that enhance the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in cells that express ACE2 at a low level. Our results have revealed the mechanisms for the transcriptional regulation of ACE2 and the adaption of SARS-CoV-2.

IMPORTANCE
The expression of ACE2 is essential for the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into host cells. We identify a new complex—the TDR complex—that acts to maintain the abundance of ACE2 in host cells. The identification and characterization of the TDR complex provide new targets for the development of therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2 infection. By analysis of SARS-CoV-2 virus replicating in cells expressing low levels of ACE2, we identified mutations in spike (P1079T) and nucleocapsid (S194L) that overcome the restriction of limited ACE2. Functional analysis of these key amino acids in S and N extends our knowledge of the impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants on virus infection and transmission.
Gapless assembly of
Babesia bovis
NVSL348
Authors: Grimsley Malissa , Hicks Jessica , Camp Patrick , Murphy Gleeson , Sigafoose Teresa 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

We are reporting a
Babesia bovis
genome containing four nuclear chromosomes, a mitochondrial genome, and an apicoplast from reference isolate NVSL348. This report includes a gapless assembly consisting of all six genetic molecules.
Complete genome sequence of the
Streptomyces
bacteriophage Amabiko
Authors: Milhaven Mark , Bakry Heba A. , Batra Anuvi , Bermingham Amanda M. , Grama Gloria , Kebe Jacob , Martinez Shawn S. , Mudunuri Rishika V. , Nelson Megan R. , Nguyen Evie T. , Peterson Mia M. , Pruitt Alexis , Tran Kristan , Brar Akarshi , Cerna Gabriella , Chaffee Elaine , Caruso Steven M. , Pfeifer Susanne P. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Amabiko is a lytic subcluster BE2 bacteriophage that infects
Streptomyces scabiei
—a bacterium causing common scab in potatoes. Its 131,414 bp genome has a GC content of 49.5% and contains 245 putative protein-coding genes, 45 tRNAs, and one tmRNA. Amabiko is closely related to
Streptomyces
bacteriophage MindFlayer (gene content similarity: 86.5%).