bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
End‐to‐end protocol to secure ad hoc networks against wormhole attacks
Authors: Khurana Sandhya , Gupta Neelima 
Published: January 2011

AbstractMost of the protocols to defend ad hoc networks against wormhole attacks rely on ‘trust your neighbor’ relationship. In this paper, we present an end‐to‐end algorithm which is more efficient than the existing algorithm both in terms of space and time. As our algorithm does not require speed and time, we do not need clock synchronization.We prove that our algorithm is able to detect wormholes with tunnel length greater than or equal to $ \left[\{({2p-1})/{2p}\}k+{2}/{p}\right]r_{\rm max}$, where $p ={r_{\rm max}}/{r_{\rm min}}$ , $r_{\rm min}$ is the minimum communication range, $r_{\rm max}$ is the maximum communication range between any two nodes, and $k$ is path length in terms of the number of hop‐counts. However, with the help of simulations we show that we are able to detect wormholes even when tunnel length is much less than $\left[\{({2p-1})/{2p}\}k+{2}/{p}\right]r_{\rm max}$. We also studied the effect of error in the positions of the node on the wormhole detection capability. In the absence of any error in the location, there are no false alarms and in the presence of error the effect on detection capability is negligible. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Targeting population entering phase III trials: A new stratified adaptive phase II design
Authors: Tournoux‐Facon Caroline , Rycke Yann De , Tubert‐Bitter Pascale 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe primary goal of phase II studies is to assess the efficacy of the new treatment in order to decide whether it has sufficient activity to warrant further evaluation in a phase III comparative trial. However, many adequately conducted phase II trials are negative leading to termination of drug development. Heterogeneity of the population is often considered to be a cause of treatment effect dilution. One approach to determine the sensitive subpopulation is to conduct several phase II trials, one in each specific subset of patients. This option might unethically increase the number of non‐sensitive patients under evaluation. Adaptive two‐stage designs have been recently proposed. London and Chang proposed a global one‐sample test for response rates for stratified phase II clinical trials, whereas Jones and Holmgren proposed an adaptive design that allows preliminary determination of efficacy that may be restricted to a specific subpopulation defined by biomarker status. These two methods do not allow early termination for efficacy in one or several subgroups as they are extensions of the Simon design. The authors propose an alternative method to deal with stratification in phase II clinical trials and identification of the best target population. This method is based on the multiple‐stage Fleming design allowing for early stopping rules for either efficacy or inefficacy. It also integrates a procedure testing whether treatment effects are similar or heterogeneous between the two groups. The operating characteristics of this method were compared with those of a standard Fleming design using exact binomial probabilities. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detection of spatial disease clusters with LISA functions
Authors: Moraga Paula , Montes Francisco 
Published: January 2011

AbstractDetection of disease clusters is an important tool in epidemiology that can help to identify risk factors associated with the disease and in understanding its etiology. In this article we propose a method for the detection of spatial clusters where the locations of a set of cases and a set of controls are available. The method is based on local indicators of spatial association functions (LISA functions), particularly on the development of a local version of the product density, which is a second‐order characteristic of spatial point processes. The behavior of the method is evaluated and compared with Kulldorff's spatial scan statistic by means of a simulation study. It is shown that the LISA method yields high sensitivity and specificity when it is used to detect simulated clusters of different sizes and shapes. It also performs better than the spatial scan statistic when they are used to detect clusters of irregular shape; however, it presents relatively high type I error in situations where the number of cases is high. Both methods are applied for detecting spatial clusters of kidney disease in the city of Valencia, Spain, in the year 2008. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A framework for the collaborative specification of semantically annotated business processes
Authors: Francescomarino Chiara Di , Ghidini Chiara , Rospocher Marco , Serafini Luciano , Tonella Paolo 
Published: January 2011

AbstractSemantic annotations are a way to provide a precise meaning to business process elements, which supports reasoning on properties and constraints. Among the obstacles preventing widespread adoption of semantic annotations are the technical skills required to manage the formalization of the semantics and the difficulty of reconciling the different viewpoints of different analysts working on the same business process. In this paper, we support business analysts in the collaborative annotation of business processes by means of a tool inspired to the Wiki pages model. Using this tool, analysts can concurrently work on process elements, ontology concepts, process annotation or constraint specification. The underlying formalism is not exposed in the Wiki pages, where natural language templates are used. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Portable imaging system for on‐site analysis using CMOS imager—microfluidic analysis and fluorescence imaging
Authors: Misawa Nobuo , Takeuchi Shoji 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis paper reports on a portable imaging system using a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) imager for microfluidic analysis and fluorescence imaging with an organic light emitting diode (OLED). The portable CMOS imager is useful for onsite microfluidic analysis, and the OLED works as a light source for fluorescent observations. The system needs only five elements: a laptop computer, a CMOS imaging device, an optical filter, microfluidic channels, and OLEDs. Using this system, we succeeded in a bead‐based microfluidic assay, capturing the video of the trapping and releasing process. Furthermore, we observed the fluorescent beads and the dye using an OLED as the light source in this system. As a result, we found that (i) submillimeter objects could be in focus with about 1 mm distance from CMOS imaging device surface without a lens; (ii) microfluidic experiments with poly(dimethylsiloxane) channels were possible on the CMOS imager; and (iii) OLED can potentially be used as a light source for this system. We believe that this system is useful for point‐of‐care diagnostic sensing and onsite microfluidic analysis including fluorescence detection. © 2011 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Recent progress in MEMS electret generator for energy harvesting
Authors: Suzuki Yuji 
Published: January 2011

AbstractEnergy harvesting is a method by which energy naturally present in the environment is captured and then converted into electricity for use in low‐power electronics. Among the various energy sources, structural vibration is believed to be useful for powering wireless sensors in various applications such as sensor network and structural health monitoring. In the present paper, after a brief introduction to electret materials and charging technologies, recent progress in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) electret generators is reviewed. © 2011 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A study of making clear body‐conducted speech using differential acceleration
Authors: Nakayama Masashi , Ishimitsu Shunsuke , Nakagawa Seiji 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAn existing problem for speech recognition is that the recognition rate tends to decrease because of the noise. Body‐conducted speech offers a robust signal extraction method to extract speech signals from noisy environments, particularly because body‐conducted speech is a propagated sound and not easily influenced by noise. However, when body‐conducted speech is extracted with an accelerator, the typical frequency component of 2 kHz or more decreases in comparison with normal speech. Therefore, much research has been carried out investigating the techniques for improving the sound quality of body‐conducted speech. Particularly, conventional methods require normal speech to estimate clear speech. Here, we propose a technique that combines differential acceleration and noise reduction to estimate a clear signal using only body‐conducted speech. By comparing spectrogram differences with each method, we found that the Wiener filtering method was suitable for eliminating noise with differential acceleration. Thereafter, improvements in recognition rates were obtained using retrieval signals although the decoder has an acoustic model made by speech parameters. © 2011 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Development of spatially separated coculture system of the sympathetic neuron and the cardiomyocyte
Authors: Takeuchi Akimasa , Moriguchi Hiroyuki , Kotani Kiyoshi , Miwa Keiko , Lee Jong‐Kook , Noshiro Makoto , Jimbo Yasuhiko 
Published: January 2011

AbstractRat superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons and the ventricular myocytes (VMs) were cocultured in chambers made of polydimethylsiloxane. The chambers were placed on a microelectrode array (MEA) substrate and connected with a pathway. Twenty‐four hours after dissemination of the VMs, neurites of the SCG neurons outgrew through the pathway and reached the VMs. Spontaneous electrical activities of the SCG neurons and the VMs were observed several days after the dissemination. Constant‐voltage stimulation (1 V, 1 ms, biphasic square pulses) was applied to the SCG neurons at the frequency of 10 Hz using 32 electrodes. Contraction rate of the VMs increased by 153 ± 110% immediately after the stimulation to the SCG neurons was stopped. Then contraction rate gradually decreased and returned to almost the same rate as before the stimulation 5 min after the stimulation. Propranolol (β‐adrenergic receptor antagonist) prevented contraction rate of the VMs from increasing after electrical stimulation to the SCG neurons. These results suggest that neuromuscular junctions were formed between the SCG neurons and the VMs and that this coculture system can be utilized in the research of cell–cell interactions between the sympathetic neurons and the cardiomyocytes. © 2011 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A revised method to detect erroneous characters wrongly substituted, deleted, and inserted at the end position in Japanese sentences and ‘bunsetsu’s
Authors: Araki Chikahiro , Mori Mikio , Taniguchi Shuji 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA method to detect the erroneous characters wrongly substituted, deleted, and inserted at the interior location of Japanese sentences and ‘bunsetsu’s using mth‐order Markov chain model has been proposed earlier and was found to be useful in detecting these erroneous characters. However, with this method it is difficult to detect erroneous characters at the end position of Japanese sentences and ‘bunsetsu’s, because the Markov chain probabilities of erroneous characters at the end position of sentences and ‘bunsetsu’s, do not remain smaller than the critical value T the same number of times. This paper proposes a method to detect erroneous characters located at the end position of sentences and ‘bunsetsu’s using the ‘skipped Markov chain model’ in addition to the ‘connected Markov chain model’. From experiments with newspaper articles, the proposed method is shown to be useful to correct erroneous characters located at the end position of sentences and ‘bunsetsu’s. © 2011 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A vibration control method for power‐assisted moving vibration systems
Authors: Hara Susumu , Yamada Yoji , Ito Koji , Morita Yoshifumi 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn order to reduce physical burden of workers in industries, power‐assist devices (PADs) have been introduced. In many conventional PADs, the controlled objects are assumed as rigid bodies. This letter presents a vibration control method for power‐assisted moving vibration systems. The power assist is realized by an impedance control. If the impedance characteristics of the power‐assisted system are perfectly realized, they correspond to the disturbance dynamics for the vibration control. In this letter, we adopt the disturbance‐accommodating LQ optimal control method. A cart with a one‐degree‐of‐freedom vibration system is selected as a controlled object example. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulations. © 2011 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Intrauterine aortic valvuloplasty in fetuses with critical aortic stenosis: experience and results of 24 procedures
Authors: Arzt W. , Wertaschnigg D. , Veit I. , Klement F. , Gitter R. , Tulzer G. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectiveValvuloplasty of the fetal aortic valve has the potential to prevent progression of critical aortic stenosis (AS) to hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS). The aim of the study was to assess 24 aortic valvuloplasties regarding indications, success rate, procedure‐related risks and outcome.MethodsBetween January 2001 and December 2009 we performed 24 aortic valvuloplasties in 23 fetuses with critical AS at a median gestational age of 26 + 4 (range, 21 + 3 to 32 + 5) weeks by a transabdominal ultrasound‐guided approach. Four fetuses had hydrops as a late sign of heart failure.ResultsIn 16/24 procedures (66.7%) corresponding to 16/23 fetuses (69.6%) the procedures were technically successful, with one intrauterine death in this group. After an initial learning curve, success rate improved to 78.6% (11 of the last 14 interventions were successful). In 10 out of the 15 (66.7%) successfully‐treated and liveborn fetuses a biventricular circulation could be achieved postnatally. All four fetuses with hydrops had successful interventions, hydrops disappearing within 5 weeks. In 8/24 interventions (33.3%) the aortic valve could not be treated successfully, with intrauterine fetal death in two of these cases. In one fetus a repeat procedure was successful. All surviving fetuses with unsuccessful (n = 5) or no (n = 5) procedure performed developed HLHS until delivery.ConclusionsFetal aortic valvuloplasty could be performed successfully in selected fetuses with critical AS and evolving HLHS, with a biventricular outcome in two thirds of the patients. Safety and success rate were dependent on patient selection and the level of experience of the whole interventional team. In fetuses with AS and hydrops, aortic valvuloplasty could reverse end‐stage heart failure and hydrops and ensure fetal survival. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accuracy of sonographic fetal weight estimation: a matter of presentation
Authors: Melamed N. , Ben‐Haroush A. , Meizner I. , Mashiach R. , Yogev Y. , Pardo J. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the accuracy of sonographic weight estimation for fetuses in breech presentation, and to determine whether certain sonographic models perform better than others in cases of breech presentation.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of all sonographic weight estimations of fetuses in breech presentation performed within 3 days prior to delivery (n = 165). The accuracy of weight estimation was evaluated using eight sonographic models and was compared with a control group of fetuses in vertex presentation matched to the study group by birth weight and fetal gender (n = 165).ResultsAfter exclusion of a model based on femur diaphysis length alone, which was found to be highly inaccurate, the systematic error for fetuses in breech presentation was smaller than that observed for fetuses in vertex presentation (mean of all models − 0.14% vs. 2.0%, P = 0.01). The random error was higher in cases of breech presentation (9.4–13.2% vs. 7.5–8.9%, P < 0.05), and was lower for models that are based on three to four biometric indices (9.4–9.5%) compared with models that incorporate one to two biometric indices (10.8–13.6%, P < 0.05). Overall, the higher random error outweighed the decrease in the systematic error, as reflected by the lower fraction of weight estimations within 10% of birth weight among fetuses in breech presentation. Models based on three to four biometric indices were more accurate in detecting the weight thresholds beyond which a trial of vaginal delivery is usually not recommended.ConclusionSonographic weight estimation appears to be less accurate for fetuses in breech presentation, principally because of a larger random error. The use of sonographic models that are based on three to four biometric indices, training aimed at improving measurement in breech fetuses and the development of sonographic models derived from fetuses in breech presentation, may improve the accuracy of weight estimation in these cases. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
First‐trimester screening for trisomy 21 in Denmark: implications for detection and birth rates of trisomy 18 and trisomy 13
Authors: Ekelund C. K. , Petersen O. B. , Skibsted L. , Kjaergaard S. , Vogel I. , Tabor A. ,   and the Danish Fetal Medicine Research Group
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectivesIn Denmark a new national guideline for prenatal screening and diagnosis was issued in 2004 according to which all pregnant women should be offered a first‐trimester combined risk assessment for trisomy 21 (T21). The aim of this study was to investigate whether the new screening strategy for T21 has changed the gestational age at which trisomy 18 (T18) and trisomy 13 (T13) are diagnosed prenatally, and the number of infants born with T18 or T13.MethodsWe collected from the Danish Cytogenetic Central Register information on all prenatal and postnatal chromosome analyses for T18 or T13, registered from 1997 to 2007. Information on first‐trimester screening results was collected from each department of obstetrics and gynecology performing the nuchal translucency scans. The cut‐off used for referral to invasive diagnostic testing for T21 and for T18/T13 was 1 : 300 and 1 : 150 at screening, respectively.ResultsIn total, there were 435 cases with T18 and 168 cases with T13 between 1997 and 2007 in Denmark. The estimated incidence of T18 and T13 at the time of delivery was calculated as 2.5 and 1.6 per 10 000 deliveries, respectively. The number (proportion) of cases diagnosed before week 18 increased significantly, from 63 (59.4%) in 1997 and 1998 to 90 (80.4%) in 2006 and 2007 (P < 0.001). In addition, the number of T18 and T13 cases diagnosed prenatally after week 22 or postnatally decreased significantly, from 34 (32.1%) in 1997 and 1998 to seven (6.3%) in 2006 and 2007 (P < 0.0001). For women participating in first‐trimester risk assessment in 2006 and 2007, the detection rate of T18 and T13 was 78.8% (95% CI, 71.0–86.7%).ConclusionThe number of T18 and T13 fetuses diagnosed before week 18 increased significantly after the introduction of a combined first‐trimester screening strategy for T21 in Denmark. In addition, the total number of fetuses diagnosed late in pregnancy and infants born with T18 or T13 decreased significantly. The national detection rate for T18 and T13 in the first trimester is comparable with detection rates found in modeled datasets and other prospective studies. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prediction of fetal macrosomia: effect of sonographic fetal weight‐estimation model and threshold used
Authors: Melamed N. , Yogev Y. , Meizner I. , Mashiach R. , Pardo J. , Ben‐Haroush A. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the accuracy of 21 sonographic fetal weight‐estimation models and abdominal circumference (AC) as a single measure for the prediction of fetal macrosomia (> 4000 g) using either fixed or optimal model‐specific thresholds.MethodsA total of 4765 sonographic weight estimations performed within 3 days prior to delivery were analyzed. The predictive accuracy of 21 published sonographic fetal weight‐estimation models was calculated using three different thresholds: a fixed threshold of 4000 g; a model‐specific threshold obtained from the inflexion point of the receiver–operating characteristics (ROC) curve; and a model‐specific threshold associated with the highest overall accuracy. Cluster analysis was used to determine whether a certain combination of fetal biometric indices is associated with a higher predictive accuracy than others.ResultsFor a fixed threshold of > 4000 g, there was considerable variation among the models in sensitivity (range, 13.6–98.5%) and specificity (range, 63.6–99.8%) for fetal macrosomia. Use of the threshold derived from the inflexion point of the ROC curve decreased the intermodel variation to a minimum (sensitivity, 84.4–91.4%; and specificity, 79.5–86.3%). Even when this optimal model‐specific threshold was applied, models based on three to four biometric indices were more accurate than were models based on only two biometric indices or on AC as a single measure (P = 0.03).ConclusionsSonographic fetal weight‐estimation models based on three to four biometric indices appear to be more accurate than are models based on two indices or on AC as a single measure, for the diagnosis of macrosomia. In these cases, the use of an optimal, model‐specific threshold is associated with a higher degree of accuracy than is the uniform use of a fixed threshold of an estimated weight of > 4000 g. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accuracy of prenatal three‐dimensional ultrasound in the diagnosis of cleft hard palate when cleft lip is present
Authors: Bäumler M. , Faure J.‐M. , Bigorre M. , Bäumler‐Patris C. , Boulot P. , Demattei C. , Captier G. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the accuracy of prenatal axial three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasound in predicting the absence or presence of cleft palate in the presence of cleft lip.MethodsBetween March 2005 and January 2009, there were 81 cases with a prenatal two‐dimensional (2D) ultrasound screening diagnosis of unilateral or bilateral cleft lip at 22–25 weeks of gestation referred to our tertiary care center. Of these, 79 fetuses were included in this prospective study and two were excluded. Axial 3D ultrasound imaging of the fetal palate was performed and the diagnoses were compared with clinical findings at delivery. The frequencies of intact and cleft palate, the degree of association between the prenatal predictions and postnatal findings and the probability of detection of cleft lip and palate were determined.ResultsOf 79 prenatal predictions, 77 (97%) were correct and the association between the prenatal predictions and postnatal findings was strong. The sensitivity for detection of cleft lip and palate within this high‐risk population was 100% and the specificity was 90%. In one of the excluded cases, the palate could not be visualized due to a fetal prone position. There were chromosomal anomalies in 4% of cases and associated structural or growth anomalies in 23%, termination of pregnancy was carried out in 4% and intrauterine fetal demise occurred in 3%.ConclusionAxial 3D ultrasound of the fetal palate has high accuracy in identifying prenatal cleft palate when cleft lip is diagnosed at mid‐trimester 2D ultrasound screening. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.