bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Notes on Megabothris asio (Baker) and M. calcarifer (Wagner) with the Description of a New Subspecies (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae)
Authors: Holland George P. 
Published: January 2010

Aside from M. acerbus (Jordan), which is apparently a breeding parasite of Tamias striatus (L.), a chipmunk, the holarctic genus Megabothris Jordan 1933 appears to be truly associated with the Microtinae, some of the species showing special affinities for particular species of these mice, others infesting several species, or even genera, within a geographical region.The nearctic Megabothris asio (Baker) favours the common meadow vole, Microtus pennsylvanicus (Ord), and occurs throughout most of the range of that mouse. The writer recognizes two valid subspecies, M. asio asio, which is restricted to eastern North America, and M. asio megacolpus (Jordan), of western North America. The nominate race ranges from Labrador to Delaware. M. asio megacolpus (=M. asio orectus Jord.) ranges from western Quebec, western Ontario, and Michigan westward to the Coast Range, and from California north at least to the 60th parallel.
On the True Identity of Arctogeophilus fulvus (Wood), With Some Remarks Concerning the Status of Mecistocephalus melanonotus Wood (Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha: Geophilidae)
Authors: Crabill Ralph E. 
Published: January 2010

In 1862 H. C. Wood described a new centipede, Mecistocephalus fulvus, which he found “not very abundantly” in the vicinity of Philadelphia. To my knowledge no subsequent worker has ever attempted to refer a centipede to this species, nor has fulvus ever been considered a synonym of any other species, so that for eighty-eight years it has been regarded privately or in print as being incertae sedis.The confusion surrounding this species has been due primarily to the following considerations: it has never been taken by anyone other than its author; the type is missing; it was highly improbable that this species could be referred to Mecistocephalidae, or even to Mecistocephalus, a genus represented in the eastern United States by a single imported species; and the original description itself refers to a centipede not quite like anything else known to occur in the east.
A Report on Mites Infesting the Muskrat (Ondatra zibethica osoyoosensis) in British Columbia
Authors: Knight Iola W. Musfeldt 
Published: January 2010

During the course of a survey on the diseases and internal parasites of muskrats in British Columbia (1951), twelve muskrats trapped by the author were also examined for the presence of external parasites.All of these animals were considered in a healthy condition. There was no apparent inflammation of the eyes, ears or nostrils. The fur was not yet in prime condition but it was sleek, with no evidence of skin disease.
Supplementary Notes on the Canadian Species of Cixiidae (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea)
Authors: Beirne Bryan P. 
Published: January 2010

The Canadian species of Cixiidae were discussed in a recent paper (Beirne, 1950). In the present paper a species new to the Canadian fauna is recorded, and changes in the specific names of two other species are proposed.Oliarus aridus BallOliarus aridus Ball, 1902, Can. Ent. 34: 151.Oliarus breviceps Fowler, 1904, Biol. Centr. Amer. 1: 94.
Psila nigricornis Meig. (Diptera: Psilidae), a New Pest of Possible Economic Importance
Authors: Glendenning R. 
Published: January 2010

In February, 1951, specimens of chrysanthemum stools received from a nurseryman near Sardis, British Columbia, were found to be injured by maggots. Examination showed dipterous larvae feeding in channels bored in the centres of the roots, crowns, and new shoots.As available literature contained no reference to an insect having this habit in chrysanthemums, material was caged for rearing. Adults began emerging on March 17, and were determined by Mr. J. F. McAlpine, Systematic Entomology, Division of Entomology, Ottawa, as Psila nigricornis Meig. This was a new record for North America.
Some Species of Phytophaga (Coleoptera)
Authors: Brown W. J. 
Published: January 2010

The following notes and descriptions concern the feeding habits, distribution, and other characters of several species and presumed subspecies of Cerambycidae, Chrysomelidae, and Bruchidae.Xylotrechus annosus emotus n. subsp.Occurring in British Columbia, Washington, and California; differing from annosus annosus (Say) in having the pale areas of the elytra larger and more numerous; the pattern of the elytra therefore much more conspicuous than in annosus annosus, which is restricted regions east of the Rocky Mountains.
Reproductive Isolation and the Integrity of Two Sympatric Species of Choristoneura (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Authors: Smith Stanley G. 
Published: January 2010

According to Dobzhansky (1951a, p. 262) “Species are … groups of populations the gene exchange between which is limited or prevented by one, or by a combination of several, reproductive isolating mechanisms”. This definition follows from his concept of a species not as a static unit but as a stage in the process of evolutionary divergence. Limitation or prevention of gene exchange is a property of geographic and reproductive isolation (Mayr, 1912), the various types of which Dobzhansky lists as follows:I. Geographic or Spatial IsolationII. Reproductive IsolationA. Ecological IsolationB. Seasonal or Temporal IsolationC. Sexual, Psychological or Ethnological IsolationD. Mechanical IsolationE. Gametic IsolationF. Hybrid InviabilityG. Hybrid SterilityH. Hybrid Breakdown
Varietal Responses of Seeded Onions to the Onion Maggot
Authors: Matthewman W. G. , Perron J. P. , Cass L. M. 
Published: January 2010

From 1945 to 1949 tests were conducted at Ottawa to determine whether certain of the more commonly grown commercial varieties of onions are resistant to the onion maggot, Hylemya antiqua (Meig.). Sleesman (1934), from the results of field tests in Ohio, had concluded that some varieties of onions do support significantly higher populations of the maggot than others.In 1945 and 1946 at Ottawa, 17 varieties of onions were tested; in 1947, 1948, and 1949 the number was reduced to nine, which are listed in Table I.
A Study of the Prey, Enemies, and Habits of the Great-Golden Digger Wasp Chlorion ichneumoneum (L.)
Authors: Ristich S. S. 
Published: January 2010

It is a paradox that a common wasp such as Chlorion ichneumoneum (L.) should be so unknown. Fernald (1907) states that the great-golden digger is found from South America to New England, and some parts of Canada, but until Frisch (1937) published his excellent paper only piecemeal accounts were written about its bionomics, prey, and parasites.On the campus of Cornell University, two large colonies (about 50 wasps) have thrived for years. These conveniently located colonies offered a rich opportunity for a long range study.
Toxicité pour la Blatte américaine d'un nouvel analogue du DDT: 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(p-cyanophényl)-éthane
Authors: Bellemare E. R. , Belcourt Jean 
Published: January 2010

Depuis la découverte du pouvoir insecticide du DDT, des recherches intensives ont été faites sur d'autres composés synthétisés à partir de la charpente squelettique du DDT, à savoir le 1,1-diphényléthane:De ces composés analogues au DDT, certains montrent une valeur insecticide supérieure à celle du DDT; d'autres s'avèrent inférieurs. du moins dans les conditions expérimentales que nous avons choisies. Nous présentons ici les résultats que nous avons obtenus dans nos expériences sur la toxicologie du dérivé cyanuré du DDT. Ce composé a été synthétisé pour la première fois par Perron (4,5) à l'Institut de Chimie de l'Université de Montréal. Nous avons utilisé la méthode mise au point par cet auteur pour préparer les quantités dont nous avions besoin pour notre travail.
Amino Acids in Insects
Authors: Auclair Jacques L. 
Published: January 2010

The object of this paper is to summarize some of the latest research work that has been done concerning the amino acids in insects and especially the research work in which I have collaborated.The Amino Acid MoleculeAn amino acid is an organic compound which contains a grouping with gcidic properties. Such a grouping in organic compounds is the carboxyl group.
The Morphology of the Chordotonal Organs of the Antenna, Mouthparts and Legs of the Lesser Migratory Grasshopper, Melanoplus mexicanus mexicanus (Saussure)
Authors: McFarlane John E. 
Published: January 2010

The chordotonal organs of insects and especially those of the Acrididae are well known. Slifer (1936) lists 76 scoloparia which are distrilluted throughout the body of Melanoplus differentialis. Although the sense organs of Melanoplus mexicanus described in this study are, in general, similar to thnse found by Slifer, her summary account would seem to warrant a more detaited consideration of their structure.The organ of Johnston in the second segment of the antenna is included because of its structural similarity to the chordotonal organs, although it is usually considered to have a special sensory functinn distinct from that of the chordotonal type.
Evidence for Molecular Mimicry between Human T Cell Epitopes in Rotavirus and Pancreatic Islet Autoantigens
Authors: Honeyman Margo C. , Stone Natalie L. , Falk Ben A. , Nepom Gerald , Harrison Leonard C. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
In type 1 diabetes, insulin-producing β cells in the islets of the pancreas are destroyed by autoreactive T cells. Rotavirus (RV) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. Peptides in VP7, a major immunogenic protein of RV, have high sequence similarity to T cell epitope peptides in the islet autoantigens tyrosine phosphatase-like insulinoma Ag 2 (IA2) and glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65). We aimed to educe evidence for the hypothesis that molecular mimicry with RV promotes autoimmunity to islet autoantigens. Peptides in RV and their sequence-similar counterparts in IA2 and GAD65 were assayed for binding to HLA molecules associated with type 1 diabetes and for the ability to elicit T cell proliferative responses in HLA-typed individuals. T cells expanded or cloned to epitopes in IA2 or RV were then tested for cross-reactivity with these epitopes. Peptides in RV-VP7, similar to T cell epitopes in IA2 and GAD65, bound strongly to HLA-DRB1*04 molecules that confer susceptibility to type 1 diabetes and were also T cell epitopes in humans at risk for type 1 diabetes. The proliferative responses of T cells to the similar peptides in RV and islet autoantigens were significantly correlated. T cells expanded to the IA2 epitope could be restimulated to express IFN-γ by the similar peptide in RV-VP7, and T cell clones generated to this RV-VP7 peptide cross-reacted with the IA2 epitope. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that molecular mimicry with RV could promote autoimmunity to islet Ags.
The Innate Immune Response to Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Involves IL-17A in a Murine Model of Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: Sivick Kelsey E. , Schaller Matthew A. , Smith Sara N. , Mobley Harry L. T. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli is the causative agent for &gt;80% of uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs). Uropathogenic E. coli strains express a number of virulence and fitness factors that allow successful colonization of the mammalian bladder. To combat this, the host has distinct mechanisms to prevent adherence to the bladder wall and to detect and kill uropathogenic E. coli in the event of colonization. In this study, we investigated the role of IL-17A, an innate-adaptive immunomodulatory cytokine, during UTI using a murine model. Splenocytes isolated from mice infected by the transurethral route robustly expressed IL-17A in response to in vitro stimulation with uropathogenic E. coli Ags. Transcript expression of IL-17A in the bladders of infected mice correlated with a role in the innate immune response to UTI, and γδ cells seem to be a key source of IL-17A production. Although IL-17A seems to be dispensable for the generation of a protective response to uropathogenic E. coli, its importance in innate immunity is demonstrated by a defect in acute clearance of uropathogenic E. coli in IL-17A−/− mice. This clearance defect is likely a result of deficient cytokine and chemokine transcripts and impaired macrophage and neutrophil influx during infection. These results show that IL-17A is a key mediator for the innate immune response to UTIs.
Unique Epitopes on CεmX in IgE–B Cell Receptors Are Potentially Applicable for Targeting IgE-Committed B Cells
Authors: Chen Jiun-Bo , Wu Pheidias C. , Hung Alfur Fu-Hsin , Chu Chia-Yu , Tsai Tsen-Fang , Yu Hui-Ming , Chang Hwan-You , Chang Tse Wen 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Membrane-bound IgE (mIgE) is part of the IgE–BCR and is essential for generating isotype-specific IgE responses. On mIgE+ B cells, the membrane-bound ε-chain (mε) exists predominantly in the long isoform, mεL, containing an extra 52 aa CεmX domain between CH4 and the C-terminal membrane-anchoring segment; the short isoform of mε, mεS, exists in minor proportions. CεmX thus provides an attractive site for immunologic targeting of mIgE+ B cells. In this study, we show that nine newly prepared CεmX-specific mAbs, as well as the previously reported a20, bound to mIgE.FcL-expressing CHO cells, while only 4B12 and 26H2 bound to mIgE.FcL-expressing B cell line Ramos cells. The mAb 4B12 bound to the N-terminal part, 26H2 the middle part, and all others the C-terminal part of CεmX. Expression of Igα and Igβ on the mIgE.FcL-CHO cells reduces the binding of a20 to CεmX as compared with that of 4B12 and 26H2. The chimeric mAbs c4B12 and c26H2, when cross-linked by secondary antibodies, lysed mIgE.FcL-Ramos cells by apoptosis through a BCR-dependent caspase pathway. Using PBMCs as the source of effector cells, c4B12 and c26H2 demonstrated Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity toward mIgE.FcL-Ramos cells in a dose-dependent fashion. In cultures of PBMCs from atopic dermatitis patients, c4B12 and c26H2 inhibited the synthesis of IgE driven by anti-CD40 and IL-4. These results suggest that 4B12 and 26H2 and an immunogen using the peptide segments recognized by these mAbs are potentially useful for targeting mIgE+ B cells to control IgE production.
Targeting MHC Class I Monomers to Dendritic Cells Inhibits the Indirect Pathway of Allorecognition and the Production of IgG Alloantibodies Leading to Long-Term Allograft Survival
Authors: Tanriver Yakup , Ratnasothy Kulachelvy , Bucy R. Pat , Lombardi Giovanna , Lechler Robert 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
T cell depletion strategies are an efficient therapy for the treatment of acute rejections and are an essential part of tolerance induction protocols in various animal models; however, they are usually nonselective and cause wholesale T cell depletion leaving the individual in a severely immunocompromised state. So far it has been difficult to selectively delete alloreactive T cells because the majority of protocols either delete all T cells, subsets of T cells, or subpopulations of T cells expressing certain activation markers, ignoring the Ag specificity of the TCR. We have developed a model in which we were able to selectively deplete alloreactive T cells with an indirect specificity by targeting intact MHC molecules to quiescent dendritic cells using 33D1 as the targeting Ab. This strategy enabled us to inhibit the indirect alloresponse against MHC-mismatched skin grafts and hence the generation of IgG alloantibodies, which depends on indirectly activated T cells. In combination with the temporary abrogation of the direct alloresponse, we were able to induce indefinite skin graft survival. Importantly, the targeting strategy had no detrimental effect on CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ T cells, which could potentially be used as an adjunctive cellular therapy. Transplantation tolerance depends on the right balance between depletion and regulation. For the former this approach may be a useful tool in the development of future tolerance induction protocols in non-sensitized patients.
Reversal of Established Lupus Nephritis and Prolonged Survival of New Zealand Black × New Zealand White Mice Treated with the Topoisomerase I Inhibitor Irinotecan
Authors: Frese-Schaper Manuela , Zbaeren Jakob , Gugger Mathias , Monestier Marc , Frese Steffen 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic autoimmune disorder that predominantly affects women of childbearing age. Lupus-associated glomerulonephritis is a major cause of mortality in these patients. Current treatment protocols for systemic lupus erythematosus include cyclophosphamide, prednisolone, azathioprine, and mycophenolate mofetil. However, in mice none of these agents alone or in combination were shown to reverse established proteinuria. Using New Zealand Black × New Zealand White F1 mice, we report that administration of the topoisomerase I inhibitor irinotecan from week 13 completely prevented the onset of proteinuria and prolonged survival up to at least 90 wk without detectable side effects. Furthermore, application of irinotecan to mice with established lupus nephritis, as indicated by grade 3+ (≥300 mg/dl) and grade 4+ (≥2000 mg/dl) proteinuria and, according to a median age of 35 wk, resulted in remission rates of 75% and 55%, respectively. Survival was significantly prolonged with 73 wk (grade 3+ and 4+ combined) versus 40 wk for control animals. Although total IgG and anti-dsDNA Abs in the serum and mesangial IgG deposits in the kidneys were not reduced in irinotecan-treated mice, subendothelial immune deposits were considerably diminished, suggesting a prevention of glomerular basement membrane disruption. This effect was accompanied by increased rates of ssDNA breaks and inhibition of renal cell apoptosis being different to what is known about irinotecan in anticancer therapy. In conclusion, our data provide evidence that irinotecan might represent an entirely new strategy for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus.
Conjugated Polymer Based on Polycyclic Aromatics for Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells: A Case Study of Quadrathienonaphthalene Polymers with 2% Efficiency
Authors: Xiao Shengqiang , Stuart Andrew C. , Liu Shubin , Zhou Huaxing , You Wei 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPolycyclic aromatics offer great flexibility in tuning the energy levels and bandgaps of resulting conjugated polymers. These features have been exploited in the recent examples of benzo[2,1‐b:3,4‐b']dithiophene (BDT)‐based polymers for bulk heterojunction (BHJ) photovoltaics (ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2009, 1, 1613). Taking one step further, a simple oxidative photocyclization is used here to convert the BDT with two pendent thiophene units into an enlarged planar polycyclic aromatic ring—quadrathienonaphthalene (QTN). The reduced steric hindrance and more planar structure promotes the intermolecular interaction of QTN‐based polymers, leading to increased hole mobility in related polymers. As‐synthesized homopolymer (HMPQTN) and donor–acceptor polymer (PQTN‐BT) maintain a low highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level, ascribable to the polycyclic aromatic (QTN) moiety, which leads to a good open‐circuit voltage in BHJ devices of these polymers blended with PCBM ([6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester; HMPQTN: 0.76 V, PQTN‐BT: 0.72 V). The donor–acceptor polymer (PQTN‐BT) has a smaller optical bandgap (1.6 eV) than that of HMPQTN (2.0 eV), which explains its current (5.69 mA cm−2) being slightly higher than that of HMPQTN (5.02 mA cm−2). Overall efficiencies over 2% are achieved for BHJ devices fabricated from either polymer with PCBM as the acceptor.
Integration of a Chemical‐Responsive Hydrogel into a Porous Silicon Photonic Sensor for Visual Colorimetric Readout
Authors: Bonanno Lisa M. , DeLouise Lisa A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe incorporation of a chemo‐responsive hydrogel into a 1D photonic porous silicon (PSi) transducer is demonstrated. A versatile hydrogel backbone is designed via the synthesis of an amine‐functionalized polyacrylamide copolymer where further amine‐specific biochemical reactions can enable control of cross‐links between copolymer chains based on complementary target–probe systems. As an initial demonstration, the incorporation of disulfide chemistry to control cross‐linking of this hydrogel system within a PSi Bragg mirror sensor is reported. Direct optical monitoring of a characteristic peak in the white light reflectivity spectrum of the incorporated PSi Bragg mirror facilitates real‐time detection of the hydrogel dissolution in response to the target analyte (reducing agent) over a timescale of minutes. The hybrid sensor response characteristics are shown to systematically depend on hydrogel cross‐linking density and applied target analyte concentration. Additionally, effects due to responsive hydrogel confinement in a porous template are shown to depend on pore size and architecture of the PSi transducer substrate. Sufficient copolymer and water is removed from the PSi transducer upon dissolution and drying of the hydrogel to induce color changes that can be detected by the unaided eye. This highlights the potential for future development for point‐of‐care diagnostic biosensing.
Kinetic investigation of the SO2 influence on NO reduction processes during methane reburning
Authors: Wang Xuebin , Tan Houzhang , Niu Yanqing , Chen Erqiang , Xu Tongmo 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe reburning technique is an economical and highly efficient method for the reduction of NOx (nitrogen oxides) emissions. The University of Leeds (UK) proposed mechanism was used to investigate the effect of SO2 on the NO reduction during methane reburning in a plug flow reactor (CHEMKIN model) and compared with Glarborg's experimental data. The computational and experimental results show good agreement when there is no SO2 addition, and the highest NO reduction is obtained at the optimal air/fuel ratio 0.8. With SO2 addition, the optimal air/fuel ratio increases from 0.8 to 0.87 with an increase of SO2 concentration from 0 to 3000 ppm at a temperature of 1300 K. Under the fuel‐lean condition, the addition of SO2 slightly enhances the reduction of NO during methane reburning. Under the fuel‐rich condition, SO2 addition inhibits the reduction of NO when the air/fuel ratio is in the range of 0.65–1.0. However, when the air/fuel ratio is less than 0.65, then SO2 addition has negligible effect on NO reduction. The reaction mechanisms that influence the effect of SO2 on NO reduction were determined by the main controlling elementary reactions obtained from sensitivity analysis. Copyright © 2010 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An improved procedure for allocating public transit operating subsidies in Canada
Authors: Alfa Attahiru Sule , Clayton Diana 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis article addresses the need for an improved methodology for the allocation of public transit operating subsidies (PTOS) by the provinces in Canada, to their respective municipalities. A PTOS allocation procedure which may be adapted by each province to meet its individual objectives is proposed. This allocation procedure consists of a two‐part grant, the first is population‐based in consideration of attributes of the urban area and the second is performance‐based, in consideration of attributes of the transit system itself. Issues of implementation concern primarily extended data collection methods and the need for consistency in the use of transit system performance measures.