bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Do We Reduce the Number of Cases of Missed Postpartum Diabetes in Women With Recent Gestational Diabetes Mellitus?
Authors: Schaefer-Graf Ute M. , Klavehn Silke , Hartmann Reinhard , Kleinwechter Helmut , Demandt Norbert , Sorger Marianne , Kjos Siri L. , Vetter Klaus , Abou-Dakn Michael 
Published: July 2009

OBJECTIVE
Up to 30% of women with recent gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remain glucose intolerant after delivery. However, the rate of postpartum oral glucose tolerance tests (ppOGTTs) is low. Our aim in this study was to develop a model for risk assessment to target women with high risk for postpartum diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In 605 Caucasian women with GDM, antenatal obstetrical and glucose data and the glucose data of the ppOGTTs performed 13 weeks (median) after delivery were prospectively collected.

RESULTS
A total of 132 (21.8%) women had an abnormal ppOGTT (2.8% impaired fasting glucose, 13.6% impaired glucose tolerance, and 5.5% diabetes). Independent risk factors were BMI ≥30 kg/m2 (prevalence of abnormal ppOGTT 36.0 vs. 17.3%), gestational age at diagnosis &lt;24 weeks (32.4 vs. 18.0%), 1-h antenatal value &gt;200 mg/dl (11.1 mmol/l) (35.2 vs. 14.8%), and insulin therapy (30.3 vs. 14.5%). The prevalence of an abnormal ppOGTT was assessed according to the number of risk factors: 0, 9.2% (14 of 153); 1, 13.4% (25 of 186); 2, 28.5% (43 of 151); 3, 45.6% (26 of 57); and 4, 68.4% (13 of 19). Subjects were divided according to a significant increase of prevalence and risk for a ppOGTT: low risk (59.9% of subjects), &lt;2 risk factors, 11.6%, odds ratio 1.3; intermediate risk, 2 risk factors, 28.5%, 4.0; and high risk, &gt;2 risk factors, 51.3%, 10.5. The intermediate/high-risk group included 86.6% of those with diabetes and 67% of all those with abnormal ppOGTTs.

CONCLUSIONS
Women with ≥2 risk factors have a high risk for an abnormal ppOGTT, and 86% of postpartum diabetes is diagnosed within this group. Targeting women for ppOGTTs based on a risk assessment using available antenatal risk factors might reduce the number of missed cases of postpartum diabetes.
Quale valore attribuire alle prestazioni del bosco? (Saggio) | What value should be placed on services provided by the forest? (Essay)
Authors: David Roland 
Published: July 2009

Nature, mountains and forest, these were the essential elements which for many hundreds of years provided a living for a large proportion of the Ticino population. Alpine valley communities lived in close relationship with their environment and were aware of the importance of the forest which protected their settlements. Within a very few years the socioeconomic changes which took place in the second half of the twentieth century have reduced to a minimum the pressure of human intervention on the forest. These changes also led to a modification of the relationship and a loosening of the ties between people and their environment. Nature, mountains and forest have become a synonym for leisure and pleasure, meanwhile other services provided by the forest, with the exception of the protective function, have become, within the last three decades, of secondary importance.
Over the last ten years there has been a steadily growing interest in the various services provided by the forest. The forestry plan in canton Ticino, which was approved in 2007, has as its main objective an intensification of the forest management, on account of the numerous consequences in the general interest that this can bring. In this connection, the local authorities are required to actively support the Patriziati, being the main forest owners in the canton, in assuring the functions of the forest and encouraging the use of wood resources for energetic purposes.
Taking as an example the positive influence of the forest in safeguarding springs of drinking water, together with the efforts made to revive traditional management of the sweet chestnut groves, the article indicates some possibilities for the commercialization of services provided by the forests in Ticino.
Self-Reported Medical Errors in 7 Countries: Implications for Pharmacy
Authors: MacKinnon Neil J. , O'Hagan Joshua , Persaud David , Etchegary Holly 
Published: July 2009

Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of self-reported errors in Canada compared with other countries, and to identify risk factors for medical error. Methods In 2007, the Commonwealth Fund surveyed a sample of adults in 7 industrialized nations: Australia, Canada, Germany, the Netherlands, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States. The surveys were conducted by telephone by Harris Surveys and country affiliates, with an average interview time of 17 minutes. Data from this source was used to perform a bivariate analysis comparing those individuals who reported having experienced a medical error to those who had not, followed by a logistic regression model in order to delineate the relationship between medical error and several explanatory variables. The goodness of fit of the final model was assessed, as was the possible presence of multicollinearity. All data analysis was performed using SPSS Version 16.0. Results Overall, 11,910 respondents from 7 countries were included in the analysis. The rate of self-reported medical error ranged from 12%– 20% in the 7 nations. Approximately 1 in 6 (17%) Canadians reported having experienced at least 1 error in the previous 2 years, which translates to 4.2 million adult Canadians. Several variables were found to have a statistically significant relationship to self-reported medical errors in the final regression model, including high prescription drug use (4 or more medications), presence of a chronic condition, lack of physician time with the patient, age under 65, lack of patient's involvement in care, perceived inadequate nursing staffing and absence of a regular doctor. Conclusions This study has demonstrated that medical error is a commonly occurring problem from the perspective of patients in 7 industrialized countries. The risk factors for self-reported medical error that have been identified in this study should aid clinicians, including pharmacists, in the design and implementation of targeted strategies to address this issue. By proactively identifying patient, provider and system-related risk factors for medical error, the opportunity for improving the safety of Canada's health care system could be greatly enhanced. While not all of the errors identified in this study are related to medications, there are implications for pharmacy practice. More specifically, our results suggest that pharmacists should be extra vigilant with patients with high prescription drug use and chronic conditions and ensure that patients are given the opportunity to be involved in their care.
Managing Migraines: Options for Acute Abortive Treatment
Authors: Namaka Mike , Leong Christine , Grossberndt Amy , Klowak Meghann , Louizos Chris , Drummond Jenny , Leligdowicz Ewa , Lichkowski Melanie , Melanson Maria 
Published: July 2009

IntroductionTriptans, ergotamine derivatives and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are front-line agents used in the acute abortive therapy of migraines. In this article, these medications are reviewed and a treatment algorithm suggested.MethodsA comprehensive review of the literature from 1990 to 2008 was conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE and The Cochrane Library to explore the underlying pathophysiology of migraines and comparatively assess the acute and chronic treatment options available in their management. The information obtained from all literature searches was further categorized as level 1, 2 or 3 based on pre-defined peer-reviewed criteria.Conclusion:This review is able to present a relatively preliminary but practical migraine treatment algorithm. Although there is no standard universal treatment strategy to manage migraine headaches in all patients, this review has been put forth to serve as a clinical guideline to assist health professionals in deciding the most appropriate treatment for migraine headaches.
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1), Not MCP-3, Is the Primary Chemokine Required for Monocyte Recruitment in Mouse Peritonitis Induced with Thioglycollate or Zymosan A
Authors: Takahashi Munehisa , Galligan Carole , Tessarollo Lino , Yoshimura Teizo 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
MCP-1/CCL2 plays a critical role in monocyte recruitment into sites of immune responses and cancer. However, the role of other MCPs remains unclear. In this study, we generated a novel MCP-1-deficient (designated as MCP-1Δ/Δ) mouse model by deleting a 2.3-kb DNA fragment from the mouse genome using the Cre/loxP system. MCP-1 was not produced by LPS-activated MCP-1Δ/Δ macrophages; however, the production of MCP-3, coded by the immediate downstream gene, was significantly increased. In contrast, macrophages from another mouse line with a neo-gene cassette in intron 2 produced a significantly lower level of MCP-1 and MCP-3. Decreased MCP-3 production was also detected in previously generated MCP-1-deficient mice in which a neo-gene cassette was inserted in exon 2 (designated as MCP-1 knockout (KO)). Altered MCP-1 and/or MCP-3 production was also observed in vivo in each mouse model in response to i.p. injection of thioglycolate or zymosan. The up- and down-regulation of MCP-3 production in MCP-1Δ/Δ and MCP-1 KO mice, respectively, provided us with a unique opportunity to evaluate the role for MCP-3. Despite the increased MCP-3 production in MCP-1Δ/Δ mice, thioglycolate- or zymosan-induced monocyte/macrophage accumulation was still reduced by ∼50% compared with wild-type mice, similar to the reduction detected in MCP-1 KO mice. Thus, up-regulated MCP-3 production did not compensate for the loss of MCP-1, and MCP-3 appears to be a less effective mediator of monocyte recruitment than MCP-1. Our results also indicate the presence of other mediators regulating the recruitment of monocytes in these models.
Neutrophils Sequestered in the Liver Suppress the Proinflammatory Response of Kupffer Cells to Systemic Bacterial Infection
Authors: Holub Martin , Cheng Chao-Wen , Mott Stephanie , Wintermeyer Philip , van Rooijen Nico , Gregory Stephen H. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
The liver plays a major role in clearing bacteria from the bloodstream. Rapid clearance is primarily the function of fixed tissue macrophages (Kupffer cells) that line the hepatic sinusoids. Although Kupffer cells play a critical role in blood clearance, the actual elimination of the bulk of bacteria taken up by the liver depends upon the accumulation of bactericidal neutrophils. Subsequent experiments demonstrating neutrophils inside Kupffer cells derived from infected animals prompted our speculation that neutrophils modulate the proinflammatory response of Kupffer cells to bacteria cleared from the bloodstream. Indeed, we report here that neutrophils accumulated in the liver sinusoids suppress cytokine and chemokine mRNA expression and protein production by Kupffer cells. Using listeriosis in mice as an experimental model, we found that IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, TNF-α, MIP-1α, keratinocyte-derived chemokine, and MCP-1 mRNA levels were ≥10-fold more in the livers of Listeria-infected, relative to noninfected control, mice at 0.5–2 h after i.v. infection. Most message levels were sharply diminished thereafter, correlating inversely with increased neutrophil sequestration. Relative to intact animals, mice rendered neutrophil deficient exhibited marked increases in cytokine/chemokine mRNA expression and protein production in the liver subsequent to infection. Moreover, purified Kupffer cells derived from infected, neutrophil-depleted mice produced significantly more IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, TNF-α, keratinocyte-derived chemokine, and MCP-1 in culture. These findings document the critical role of neutrophils in moderating the proinflammatory response of Kupffer cells to bacteria taken up by the liver.
Membrane-Bound Fas Ligand Requires RIP1 for Efficient Activation of Caspase-8 within the Death-Inducing Signaling Complex
Authors: Morgan Michael J. , Kim You-Sun , Liu Zheng-gang 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
The serine-threonine kinase RIP1 was originally identified through its ability to bind to the death domain of Fas (CD95). RIP1 has been shown to be recruited to the Fas death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) and is required for the induction of necrotic cell death. In this study, we show that in Jurkat T lymphocytes, RIP1 is also necessary for the most efficient activation of downstream caspases by Fas when treated with membrane-bound Fas ligand, but not with agonistic Abs or cross-linked soluble Fas ligand. RIP1 participates in the Fas-associated death domain protein-mediated recruitment of caspase-8 to the Fas receptor complex in a manner that promotes caspase-8 activation. Cross-linking Abs, such as CH11, bypass the requirement for RIP1 in caspase activation by initiating larger, though less efficient, DISC complexes, while membrane-bound Fas ligand initiates a smaller but more efficient DISC that functions, in part, by effectively incorporating more RIP1 into the complex. Consequently, RIP1 is likely a more integral part of physiological signaling through the Fas/CD95 receptor complex than previously recognized; at least when the signal is mediated by full-length membrane-bound FasL. Cross-linked soluble FasL, which also occurs physiologically, behaves similarly to the CH11 Ab, and may therefore be more likely to initiate nonapoptotic Fas signaling due to less RIP1 in the receptor complex. Thus, agonists that bind the same Fas receptor initiate mechanistically distinct pathways resulting in differential cytotoxicity.
Lymphocytes in the Development of Lung Inflammation: A Role for Regulatory CD4+ T Cells in Indirect Pulmonary Lung Injury
Authors: Venet Fabienne , Chung Chun-Shiang , Huang Xin , Lomas-Neira Joanne , Chen Yaping , Ayala Alfred 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Although roles for myelocytes have been suggested in the pathophysiology of indirect acute lung injury (ALI not due to a direct insult to the lung), the contribution of various regulatory lymphoid subsets is unknown. We hypothesized a role for lymphocytes in this process. Using a sequential model of indirect ALI induced in mice by hemorrhagic shock followed 24 h later by polymicrobial sepsis; we observed a specific and nonredundant role for each lymphocyte subpopulation in indirect ALI pathophysiology. In particular, we showed that CD4+ T cells are specifically recruited to the lung in a dendritic cell-independent but IL-16-dependent process and diminish neutrophil recruitment through increased IL-10 production. Most importantly, this appears to be mediated by the specific subpopulation of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. Although indirect ALI has constantly been described as a proinflammatory pathology mediated by cells of the innate immune system, we now demonstrate that cells of the adaptive immune response play a major role in its pathophysiology as well. Most importantly, we also describe for the first time the nature of the regulatory mechanisms activated in the lung during indirect ALI, with CD4+ regulatory T cells being central to the control of neutrophil recruitment via increased IL-10 production.
GM-CSF Regulates Fusion of Mononuclear Osteoclasts into Bone-Resorbing Osteoclasts by Activating the Ras/ERK Pathway
Authors: Lee Myeung Su , Kim Hun Soo , Yeon Jeong-Tae , Choi Sik-Won , Chun Churl Hong , Kwak Han Bok , Oh Jaemin 
Published: July 2009

AbstractOsteoclasts are multinucleated cells that are formed by the fusion of mononuclear osteoclasts, which is an essential process in bone resorption leading to bone remodeling. Herein we show that GM-CSF promoted the fusion of prefusion osteoclasts (pOCs). The expression of GM-CSF receptor-α was significantly up-regulated at the fusion stage of pOCs induced by RANKL. GM-CSF induced the expression of dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein (DC-STAMP), which was mediated by inducing NFATc1 via induction of c-Fos. The expression of c-Fos and NFATc1 was regulated by the ERK signaling pathway. Inhibition of ERK and NFATc1 suppressed the expression of DC-STAMP and led to the fusion inhibition of pOC. However, retrovirus-mediated expression of NFATc1 in pOCs rescued the defect in pOC fusion, despite the presence of U0126 and cyclosporin A. GM-CSF-stimulated pOCs had an intact actin ring and could resorb bone. Importantly, pOCs infected with constitutively active MEK adenovirus expressed c-Fos and NFATc1, followed by the binding of NFATc1 to the DC-STAMP promoter, which enables its transcription and expression. Constitutively active MEK-infected pOCs are able to resorb bone by undergoing cell-cell fusion. Taken together, our results demonstrated that GM-CSF induced fusion of pOCs to form multinucleated osteoclasts, making the osteoclast capable of bone resorption.
Elucidation of CXCR7-Mediated Signaling Events and Inhibition of CXCR4-Mediated Tumor Cell Transendothelial Migration by CXCR7 Ligands
Authors: Zabel Brian A. , Wang Yu , Lewén Susanna , Berahovich Robert D. , Penfold Mark E. T. , Zhang Penglie , Powers Jay , Summers Bretton C. , Miao Zhenhua , Zhao Bin , Jalili Ali , Janowska-Wieczorek Anna , Jaen Juan C. , Schall Thomas J. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
CXCR7 binds chemokines CXCL11 (I-TAC) and CXCL12 (SDF-1) but does not act as a classical chemoattractant receptor. Using CCX771, a novel small molecule with high affinity and selectivity for CXCR7, we found that, although CXCR7 is dispensable for “bare filter” in vitro chemotaxis, CXCR7 plays an essential role in the CXCL12/CXCR4-mediated transendothelial migration (TEM) of CXCR4+CXCR7+ human tumor cells. Importantly, although CXCL11 is unable to stimulate directly the migration of these cells, it acts as a potent antagonist of their CXCL12-induced TEM. Furthermore, even though this TEM is driven by CXCR4, the CXCR7 ligand CCX771 is substantially more potent at inhibiting it than the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100, which is more than 100 times weaker at inhibiting TEM when compared with its ability to block bare filter chemotaxis. Far from being a “silent” receptor, we show that CXCR7 displays early hallmark events associated with intracellular signaling. Upon cognate chemokine binding, CXCR7 associates with β-arrestin2, an interaction that can be blocked by CXCR7-specific mAbs. Remarkably, the synthetic CXCR7 ligand CCX771 also potently stimulates β-arrestin2 recruitment to CXCR7, with greater potency and efficacy than the endogenous chemokine ligands. These results indicate that CXCR7 can regulate CXCL12-mediated migratory cues, and thus may play a critical role in driving CXCR4+CXCR7+ tumor cell metastasis and tissue invasion. CXCR7 ligands, such as the chemokine CXCL11 and the newly described synthetic molecule CCX771, may represent novel therapeutic opportunities for the control of such cells.
T Cell Activation by Heat Shock Protein 70 Vaccine Requires TLR Signaling and Scavenger Receptor Expressed by Endothelial Cells-1
Authors: Gong Jianlin , Zhu Bangmin , Murshid Ayesha , Adachi Hideki , Song Baizheng , Lee Allegra , Liu Chunlei , Calderwood Stuart K. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Heat shock protein (HSP) 70 isolated from tumor-dendritic cell (DC) fusions (HSP70.PC-F) induces potent antitumor immunity and prevents growth of such tumors. In the present study, we have examined mechanisms underlying such antitumor activity of the HSP70.PC-F vaccine. The degree of antitumor immunity induced by HSP70.PC-F depended on intact TLR signaling in immunized animals, and mice in which the tlr2 and tlr4 genes were both inactivated did not respond to the vaccine. The reduced responses to HSP70.PC-F vaccine in such tlr knockout mice were restored by immunization of animals with HSP70.PC-F-pulsed wild-type DC, indicating a key role for this cell type in HSP70.PC-F-mediated immunity. Our studies also indicate a role for the scavenger receptor expressed by endothelial cells-1 (SREC-1) in antitumor immunity induced by HSP70.PC-F. These two receptor types appeared functionally interdependent, as indicated by the finding that tlr2 and tlr4 knockout decreases HSP70 binding in double-knockout DC and reduces SREC-1 expression. In addition, TLR-dependent, tumor cell killing was suppressed by SREC-1 knockdown in DC, suggesting a significant role for this receptor in HSP70.PC-F-mediated tumor immunity.
Psychological career resources as predictors of working adults’ career anchors: An exploratory study
Authors: Coetzee Melinde , Schreuder Dries 
Published: July 2009

This study explored the relationship between the psychological career resources and career anchors of a sample of 2 997 working adults at predominantly managerial and supervisory levels in the service industry. The Psychological Career Resources Inventory and the Career Orientations Inventory were applied. Stepwise regression analyses indicated dimensions of psychological career resources as significant predictors of participants’ career anchors. The findings add valuable new knowledge that can be used to inform organisational career development support practices as well as career counselling and guidance services concerned with promoting individuals’ employability and experiences of intrinsic career success.
IgA Plasma Cell Leukemia
Authors: Singh Tejinder , Premalata C S , Sajeevan K V , Jain Ankit , Batra Ullas , Saini K S , Satheesh C T , Babu K Govind , Lokanatha D 
Published: July 2009

ABSTRACTPlasma cell leukemia (PCL) is a rare entity. There are two presentations of PCL, primary or secondary. The primary or de novo form of PCL presents with an acute and rapidly progressive leukemic phase. This form occurs when the patient has no pre-existing multiple myeloma (MM). The secondary form is the most advanced form of MM. The PCL is a rare disorder representing 1‒2% of the diagnosed cases of MM. Median age at presentation is usually above 50 years. The monoclonal protein in patients with PCL may be IgG (50%), IgA (15%), or in rare cases IgD or IgE (6%). We report a case of IgA primary PCL that is very rare. Patient was started on combination therapy with vincristine, adriamycin, and dexamethasone. There was poor response and patient died three months after diagnosis.
Hunt for the Hidden Trait
Authors: Alwar Vanamala , Kavdia Reeti , Singh Nandini , Rameshkumar Karuna 
Published: July 2009

ABSTRACT
Objective: To assess the efficacy of a peripheral smear examination as a screening tool for β-thalassemia trait.
Materials and Methods: 17 623 Leishman-stained peripheral smears were evaluated during the period from July 2006 to September 2007. The following parameters were studied: hemoglobin, red blood cell count, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and red cell distribution width. All the cases that showed microcytosis, hypochromia, erythrocytosis and absence of anisopoikilocytosis were suspected of having the thalassemia trait (TT), and all these cases were further evaluated with Alkaline Hemoglobin Electrophoresis for confirmation.
Results: Of the 17 623 smears examined, 60 cases were considered suspicious of having TT. Alkaline hemoglobin electrophoresis carried out on all these cases revealed an elevated HbA 2 (Mean = 7.5%). Five cases evaluated were found to have other hemoglobinopathies (1 Sickle cell trait, 3 Hb-E, 1 thalassemia intermedia).
Conclusion: Careful screening of peripheral smear is an invaluable screening tool for thalassemia trait (PPV - 95%). There must be awareness among the peripheral centers about the importance of peripheral smear screening and the affected persons should be counseled.