bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonclinical pharmacodynamics of boron neutron capture therapy using direct intratumoral administration of a folate receptor targeting novel boron carrier
Authors: Tsujino Kohei , Kashiwagi Hideki , Nishimura Kai , Fujikawa Yoshiki , Kayama Ryo , Fukuo Yusuke , Hiramatsu Ryo , Nonoguchi Naosuke , Takata Takushi , Tanaka Hiroki , Suzuki Minoru , Hu Naonori , Ono Koji , Wanibuchi Masahiko , Nakai Kei , Nakamura Hiroyuki , Kawabata Shinji 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a precise particle radiation therapy known for its unique cellular targeting ability. The development of innovative boron carriers is crucial for the advancement of BNCT technologies. Our previous study demonstrated the potential of PBC-IP administered via convection-enhanced delivery (CED) in an F98 rat glioma model. This approach significantly extended rat survival in neutron irradiation experiments, with half achieving long-term survival, akin to a cure, in a rat brain tumor model. Our commitment to clinical applicability has spurred additional nonclinical pharmacodynamic research, including an investigation into the effects of cannula position and the time elapsed post-CED administration.

Methods
In comprehensive in vivo experiments conducted on an F98 rat brain tumor model, we meticulously examined the boron distribution and neutron irradiation experiments at various sites and multiple time intervals following CED administration.

Results
The PBC-IP showed substantial efficacy for BNCT, revealing minimal differences in tumor boron concentration between central and peripheral CED administration, although a gradual decline in intratumoral boron concentration post-administration was observed. Therapeutic efficacy remained robust, particularly when employing cannula insertion at the tumor margin, compared to central injections. Even delayed neutron irradiation showed notable effectiveness, albeit with a slightly reduced survival period. These findings underscore the robust clinical potential of CED-administered PBC-IP in the treatment of malignant gliomas, offering adaptability across an array of treatment protocols.

Conclusions
This study represents a significant leap forward in the quest to enhance BNCT for the management of malignant gliomas, opening promising avenues for clinical translation.
Summary of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Joint Workshop on Genital Herpes: 3–4 November 2022
Authors: Connolly Kristie L , Bachmann Laura , Hiltke Thomas , Kersh Ellen N , Newman Lori M , Wilson Lydia , Mena Leandro , Deal Carolyn 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Genital herpes is caused by infection with herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) and currently has no cure. The disease is the second-most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States, with an estimated 18.6 million prevalent genital infections caused by HSV-2 alone. Genital herpes diagnostics and treatments are not optimal, and no vaccine is currently available. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases convened a workshop entitled “CDC/NIAID Joint Workshop on Genital Herpes.” This report summarizes 8 sessions on the epidemiology of genital herpes, neonatal HSV, HSV diagnostics, vaccines, treatments, cures, prevention, and patient advocacy perspective intended to identify opportunities in herpes research and foster the development of strategies to diagnose, treat, cure, and prevent genital herpes.
Linguistic imposters
Authors: Kazankov Denis , Yi Edison 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
There is a widespread phenomenon that we call linguistic imposters. Linguistic imposters are systematic misuses of expressions that misusers mistake with their conventional usages because of misunderstanding their meaning. Our paper aims to provide an initial framework for theorising about linguistic imposters that will lay the foundation for future philosophical research about them. We focus on the misuses of the expressions ‘grooming’ and ‘critical race theory’ as our central examples of linguistic imposters. We show that linguistic imposters present a distinctive phenomenon by comparing them to some adjacent phenomena, namely conceptual engineering, linguistic hijacking and dogwhistles. We also address four objections about the extensional adequacy of our definition of linguistic imposters. Finally, we argue that, as linguistic imposters spread, they make some inferences featuring misused expressions more cognitively accessible and seemingly socially licensed to misusers and discuss four types of harms that linguistic imposters are conducive to through these effects.
BASDAI versus ASDAS in evaluating axial involvement in patients with psoriatic arthritis: a pooled analysis of two phase 3 studies
Authors: Baraliakos Xenofon , Gladman Dafna D , Chakravarty Soumya D , Gong Cinty , Shawi May , Rampakakis Emmanouil , Kishimoto Mitsumasa , Soriano Enrique R , Mease Philip J 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective
In the absence of axial psoriatic arthritis (axPsA)-specific tools, the BASDAI and Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) are used to assess axial symptoms in patients with PsA. Here, we assessed the performance of BASDAI and ASDAS in patients with PsA.

Methods
Patients with active PsA in DISCOVER-1 and DISCOVER-2 (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03162796 and NCT03158285, respectively) with or without axPsA but with available baseline BASDAI information were analysed; those with investigator-identified axial symptoms and imaging-confirmed sacroiliitis comprised the axPsA cohort. Correlations between BASDAI/ASDAS and clinical variables were assessed with Pearson’s coefficient (r). Longitudinal effects of enthesitis (Leeds Enthesitis Index [LEI]), swollen joint count and presence versus absence of axPsA on BASDAI/ASDAS (normalized 0–10 scale) were analysed with mixed models for repeated measures.

Results
At baseline in the axPsA (n = 312) and non-axPsA (n = 124) cohorts, BASDAI scores showed no or weak correlation with swollen joint count (0.18–0.20), tender joint count (0.12–0.29), LEI (–0.04 to 0.24) and physician global assessment (0.35–0.43); moderate correlation with fatigue (both −0.56); and strong correlation with patient global assessment of disease activity (0.62–0.69) and patient-reported pain (0.66–0.70). Similar correlations were observed for ASDAS. Axial involvement versus non-involvement was associated with higher BASDAI scores and ASDAS (all β ≥ 0.5), without differences between instruments; longitudinal associations between swollen joint count (β ≤ 0.06)/LEI (β ≤ 0.19) and BASDAI/ASDAS were clinically unimportant.

Conclusion
BASDAI and ASDAS performed similarly in patients with active PsA and axial involvement, independent of peripheral disease involvement, supporting their performance in assessing axial disease activity.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, http://clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03162796 and NCT03158285.
Prevalence and progression of arterial calcifications on computed tomography in humans with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: de Jong Pim A , Harlianto Netanja I , Foppen Wouter , Renkli Nağme Ö , Spiering Wilko , Weinans Harrie , Mali Willem P Th M , Mastbergen Simon C , Jansen Mylène P 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Ectopic bone deposition plays an important role in OA and in arterial wall disease. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and progression of arterial calcifications on whole-body CT in persons with knee OA.

Methods
We included 118 (36 male) participants who satisfied the clinical ACR classification criteria for knee OA. Baseline investigations included WOMAC and Kellgren–Lawrence grading. At baseline and after 2 years, a whole-body CT was performed using the same scanner and protocol. Calcifications were quantified in the carotid, brachiocephalic, coronary, thoracic aortic, abdominal aortic, iliac, femoropopliteal and crural arteries. Multivariable linear and logistic regression modelling was used for analyses.

Results
At baseline males were 66.9 ± 7.7 and females were 68.0 ± 5.6 years old. Calcifications were common, all participants except two females had some calcification, and prevalence ranged between 41.8% and 94.4% for various arterial beds. Baseline femoropopliteal calcifications were associated with a higher Kellgren–Lawrence grade (more severe knee OA). Median annual progression rate was 13.1% in males and 15.7% in females. Structural OA severity was not associated with progression, but a five points lower (worse) WOMAC was associated with 1% faster progression of arterial calcifications (P = 0.008).

Conclusion
Around age 70 years nearly all persons with knee OA have arterial calcifications, which progress substantially. For further investigation into shared causality intervention studies are needed.
ChatGPT4’s proficiency in addressing patients’ questions on systemic lupus erythematosus: a blinded comparative study with specialists
Authors: Xu Dan , Zhao Jinxia , Liu Rui , Dai Yijun , Sun Kai , Wong Priscilla , Ming Samuel Lee Shang , Wearn Koh Li , Wang Jiangyuan , Xie Shasha , Zeng Lin , Mu Rong , Xu Chuanhui 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The efficacy of artificial intelligence (AI)-driven chatbots like ChatGPT4 in specialized medical consultations, particularly in rheumatology, remains underexplored. This study compares the proficiency of ChatGPT4’ responses with practicing rheumatologists to inquiries from patients with SLE.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, we curated 95 frequently asked questions (FAQs), including 55 in Chinese and 40 in English. Responses for FAQs from ChatGPT4 and five rheumatologists were scored separately by a panel of rheumatologists and a group of patients with SLE across six domains (scientific validity, logical consistency, comprehensibility, completeness, satisfaction level and empathy) on a 0–10 scale (a score of 0 indicates entirely incorrect responses, while 10 indicates accurate and comprehensive answers).

Results
Rheumatologists’ scoring revealed that ChatGPT4-generated responses outperformed those from rheumatologists in satisfaction level and empathy, with mean differences of 0.537 (95% CI, 0.252–0.823; P &lt; 0.01) and 0.460 (95% CI, 0.227–0.693; P &lt; 0.01), respectively. From the SLE patients’ perspective, ChatGPT4-generated responses were comparable to the rheumatologist-provided answers in all six domains. Subgroup analysis revealed ChatGPT4 responses were more logically consistent and complete regardless of language and exhibited greater comprehensibility, satisfaction and empathy in Chinese. However, ChatGPT4 responses were inferior in comprehensibility for English FAQs.

Conclusion
ChatGPT4 demonstrated comparable, possibly better in certain domains, to address FAQs from patients with SLE, when compared with the answers provided by specialists. This study showed the potential of applying ChatGPT4 to improve consultation in SLE patients.
Prospective dose monitoring using a manual dose management system: experience in brain computed tomography from a tertiary hospital in Nigeria
Authors: Garba Idris , Penelope Engel-Hills , Davidson Florence , Ismail Anas 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A manual radiation dose management system was developed to track the radiation dose and scan parameters of patients for brain computed tomography (CT). Radiation dose in volume computed tomography dose index (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) were monitored to identify procedures that may require optimisation using notification values. The data were analysed and compared with national and international diagnostic reference levels (DRLs). A total of 596 brain CTs were monitored and grouped as &lt;1: 36, 1–&lt;5: 38, 5–&lt;10: 25, 10–&lt;15: 31 and adult: 466. The CTDIvol notification value identified the following number of examinations having high CTDIvol in &lt;1 y: 1, 1–&lt;5: 1, 5–&lt;10: 0, 10–&lt;15: 0 and adult (&gt;15): 11. Furthermore, the DLP notification values identified the following examinations with high DLP in &lt;1 y: 1, 1–&lt;5:1, 5–&lt;10:1, 10–&lt;15: 1 and adults (&gt;15): 18. The established local paediatric DLP DRLs were 2–3 times higher than the international paediatric DLP DRLs. This calls for a total protocol review and optimisation considering the local CT practices for paediatric imaging.
Re-analysis of single-cell RNA-seq data reveals the origin and roles of cycling myeloid cells
Authors: Zhang Jiawei , Shi Jingsong , Wang Liangge , Liu Xinjie , Cao Zemin , Ruan Cihan , Ning Guangzhi , Feng Shiqing , Yao Xue , Gao Shan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Cycling myeloid cells (CMCs) are often detected from various tissues using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets, however, their research value was not noticed before.
For the first time, our study preliminarily revealed the origin, differentiation, and roles of CMCs in physiological processes. Particularly, subgroup a of cycling myeloid cells (aCMCs) were conclusively identified as belonging to a specific cell type. In an active state, aCMCs rapidly proliferate during the early stages of an embryonic development. With an individual maturing, most aCMCs differentiate into specialized cells, while a small portion of them enter an inactive or dormant state. Under pathological conditions, aCMCs restore their proliferative and differentiation capacities via activation or revival.
The present study has set the stage for future research on CMCs by linking them with progenitors of immune cells, and provided a crucial starting point to understand the origin, differentiation, and roles of CMCs in various physiological and pathological processes, particularly those related to traumatic injury, cancer, and pathogen infection, leading to develop targeted therapies or interventions.
The Czech trust fund in the international context
Authors: Hollmann Jakub 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In the Czech legal system, the institute of trust funds first appeared after the recodification of private law with effect from 1 January 2014. The Czech trust fund serves as a flexible asset management tool, allowing diversification of risk and intergenerational transfer of assets. Trust funds are not the only entity which may be used for asset management. The other possibility is the endowment fund which unlike the trust fund has a legal personality. Trust funds and endowment funds do have their similarities and differences which might be crucial in order to choose the best option for founders’ needs. Czech trust funds were inspired by the Quebec legislation, while both Quebec and Czech law treat trust funds as separate properties without an owner.
Non-protein nitrogen supplementation on in vitro fermentation profile, methane production, and microbial nitrogen synthesis in a corn silage-based substrate
Authors: Vargas Juan de J , Tarnonsky Federico , Podversich Federico , Maderal Araceli , Fernández-Marenchino Ignacio , Cuervo Wilmer , Schulmeister Tessa M , Ruiz-Ascacibar Isabel , Ipharraguerre Ignacio R , DiLorenzo Nicolás 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Non-protein nitrogen (NPN) supplements improve animal performance in backgrounding diets. However, there is scarce information regarding the effect of different NPN sources and combinations on ruminal fermentation profile. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of different NPN sources and their combinations on in vitro fermentation, microbial N synthesis, and methane (CH4) production in a backgrounding diet. Incubations were conducted on three separate days for 24 h using corn silage and cotton gin byproduct (70% and 30% of DM, respectively) as substrate. Treatments were control (without NPN), urea, and five different proportions of urea–biuret and nitrate (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100). Each treatment, except control, was formulated to be isonitrogenous and equivalent to 1% urea inclusion. Ruminal fluid was collected from two ruminally cannulated Angus crossbred steers fed ad libitum corn silage and cotton gin byproduct plus 100 g of a urea–biuret–nitrate mixture. The concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) were determined at 12 and 24 h of incubation. Final pH, in vitro dry and organic matter digestibility, total gas production, and concentration of CH4 were determined at 24 h. The supplementation of NPN increased (P &lt; 0.05) the concentration of NH3-N at 12 and 24 h. Although NPN supplementation increased (P &lt; 0.05) the concentration of total VFA and acetate at 12 h, treatments did not differ (P &gt; 0.05) at 24 h. Supplementation of NPN increased (P &lt; 0.05) the proportion of acetate at 12 and 24 h but tended to reduce (P = 0.054) the proportion of propionate only at 12 h. Digestibility and pH were not different (P &gt; 0.05) among treatments. Increasing nitrates in the NPN supplement increased (P &lt; 0.05) the proportion of acetate and reduced (P &lt; 0.05) the proportion of butyrate at 12 and 24 h. The supplementation of NPN increased (P &lt; 0.05) microbial N synthesis. Furthermore, increasing nitrate proportion in the NPN supplement increased (P &lt; 0.05) the microbial N synthesis and efficiency of N use. Supplementation of NPN did not modify (P &gt; 0.05) total gas or CH4 production. However, increasing nitrate proportion in the NPN supplement linearly reduced (P &lt; 0.05) CH4 production. Supplementation of NPN increased NH3-N concentration and microbial N while increasing the inclusion of nitrate decreased the production of CH4 and increased the microbial N synthesis in a corn silage-based substrate under in vitro conditions.
Association study between SNP markers located in meat quality candidate genes with intramuscular fat content in an endangered dual-purpose cattle population
Authors: Halli Kathrin , König Sven , Giambra Isabella J 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The aim of this study was to associate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of the bovine calcium-activated neutral protease µ-calpain, calpastatin, diacylglycerol-O-acyltransferase, adipose fatty acid binding protein, retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor C (RORC), and thyroglobulin (TG) gene with intramuscular fat content (IMF). Therefore, 542 animals of the cattle breed “Rotes Höhenvieh” (RHV) were phenotyped for IMF. Genotyping of the animals was performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism tests for six SNP from candidate genes for meat quality traits. In addition, we calculated allele substitution and dominance effects on IMF. A subgroup of animals (n = 44, reduced dataset) with extraordinary high IMF was analyzed separately. The mean IMF content was 2.5% (SD: 2.8) but ranged from 0.02% to 23.9%, underlining the breeds’ potential for quality meat production. Allele and genotype frequencies for all SNP were similar in the complete and reduced dataset. Association analyses in the complete dataset revealed the strongest effects of RORC on IMF (P = 0.075). The log-transformed least-squares mean for IMF of genotype g.3290GG was 0.45 ± 0.16, 0.26 ± 0.14 for genotype g.3290GT, and 0.32 ± 0.14 for genotype g.3290TT. In the reduced dataset, we found a significant effect (P &lt; 0.05) of the g.422C&gt;T-SNP of TG on IMF, with highest IMF for genotype CT (0.91 ± 0.17), lowest IMF for genotype TT (0.37 ± 0.25), and medium IMF for genotype CC (0.59 ± 0.16; log-transformed values). Compared to the complete dataset, allele substitution effects increased in the reduced dataset for most of the SNP, possibly due to the selective genotyping strategy, with focus on animals with highest IMF implying strong phenotypic IMF contrast. Dominance effects were small in both datasets, related to the high heritability of IMF. Results indicated RHV breed particularities regarding the effects of meat quality genes on IMF. An explanation might be the breeding history of RHV with focus on adaptation and resilience in harsh outdoor systems. Consequently, it is imperative to develop breed-specific selection strategies. Allele substitution and dominance effects were in a similar direction in both datasets, suggesting the same breeding approaches for different RHV strains in different regions. Nevertheless, a selective genotyping approach (reduced dataset), contributed to more pronounced genotype effect differences on IMF and dominance values.
Rhodopsin mislocalization drives ciliary dysregulation in a novel autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa knock‐in mouse model
Authors: Takita Shimpei , Jahan Sultana , S. Imanishi Sanae , Harikrishnan Hemavathy , LePage David , Mann Rachel J. , Conlon Ronald A. , Miyagi Masaru , Imanishi Yoshikazu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRhodopsin mislocalization encompasses various blind conditions. Rhodopsin mislocalization is the primary factor leading to rod photoreceptor dysfunction and degeneration in autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP) caused by class I mutations. In this study, we report a new knock‐in mouse model that harbors a class I Q344X mutation in the endogenous rhodopsin gene, which causes rod photoreceptor degeneration in an autosomal dominant pattern. In RhoQ344X/+ mice, mRNA transcripts from the wild‐type (Rho) and RhoQ344X mutant rhodopsin alleles are expressed at equal levels. However, the amount of RHOQ344X mutant protein is 2.7 times lower than that of wild‐type rhodopsin, a finding consistent with the rapid degradation of the mutant protein. Immunofluorescence microscopy indicates that RHOQ344X is mislocalized to the inner segment and outer nuclear layers of rod photoreceptors in both RhoQ344X/+ and RhoQ344X/Q344X mice, confirming the essential role of the C‐terminal VxPx motif in promoting OS delivery of rhodopsin. The mislocalization of RHOQ344X is associated with the concurrent mislocalization of wild‐type rhodopsin in RhoQ344X/+ mice. To understand the global changes in proteostasis, we conducted quantitative proteomics analysis and found attenuated expression of rod‐specific OS membrane proteins accompanying reduced expression of ciliopathy causative gene products, including constituents of BBSome and axonemal dynein subunit. Those studies unveil a novel negative feedback regulation involving ciliopathy‐associated proteins. In this process, a defect in the trafficking signal leads to a reduced quantity of the trafficking apparatus, culminating in a widespread reduction in the transport of ciliary proteins.