bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reinventing shake flask fermentation: The breathable flask
Authors: Kumar Vikash , Tolosa Michael , Ge Xudong , Rao Govind 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCultivating cells in shake flasks is a routine operation that is largely unchanged since its inception. A glass or plastic Erlenmeyer vessel with the primary gas exchange taking place across various porous plugs is used with media volumes typically ranging from 100 mL to 2 L. Oxygen limitation and carbon dioxide accumulation in the vessel is a major concern for studies involving shake flask cultures. In this study, we enhance mass transfer in a conventional shake flask by replacing the body wall with a permeable membrane. Naturally occurring concentration gradient across the permeable membrane walls facilitates the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the flask and the external environment. The modified flask called the breathable flask, has shown a 40% improvement in mass transfer coefficient (kLa) determined using the static diffusion method. The prokaryotic cell culture studies performed with Escherichia coli showed an improvement of 28%–66% in biomass and 41%–56% in recombinant product yield. The eukaryotic cell culture study performed with Pichia pastoris expressing proinsulin exhibited a 40% improvement in biomass and 115% improvement in protein yield. The study demonstrates a novel approach to addressing the mass transfer limitations in conventional shake flask cultures. The proposed flask amplifies its value by providing a membrane‐diffusion‐based sensing platform for the integration of low‐cost, noninvasive sensing capabilities for real‐time monitoring of critical cell culture parameters like dissolved oxygen and dissolved carbon dioxide.
Organometallic ruthenium complexes derived from anthracene and pyrene chromophores: Synthesis and photophysical properties
Authors: Gupta Gajendra , Choe Yena , Kim Suhyun , Lee Junseong , Bang Jiwon , Lee Chang Yeon 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTwo new monopyridyl‐based Anthracene and Pyrene ligands were synthesized and employed to design Ruthenium‐coordinated organometallic complexes, RuAnthra and RuPyrene, respectively. The ligands and their metal complexes were fully characterized by different analytical techniques, including multinuclear 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR, electrospray ionization‐mass spectrometry, UV–Vis, fluorescence spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. Furthermore, their photophysical properties were studied in different solvents with increasing polarity using UV–Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy, showing less or no significant solvolysis effect. The average emission lifetimes of the complexes were further determined using time‐resolved emission spectroscopy. Additionally, the ligands and their metal complexes showed excellent ability to generate singlet oxygen and can be useful for several important potential applications.
Electroacupuncture modulates abnormal brain connectivity after ischemia reperfusion injury in rats: A graph theory‐based approach
Authors: Li Si‐Si , Xing Xiang‐Xin , Hua Xu‐Yun , Zhang Yu‐Wen , Wu Jia‐Jia , Shan Chun‐Lei , Wang He , Zheng Mou‐Xiong , Xu Jian‐Guang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundElectroacupuncture (EA) has been shown to facilitate brain plasticity‐related functional recovery following ischemic stroke. The functional magnetic resonance imaging technique can be used to determine the range and mode of brain activation. After stroke, EA has been shown to alter brain connectivity, whereas EA's effect on brain network topology properties remains unclear. An evaluation of EA's effects on global and nodal topological properties in rats with ischemia reperfusion was conducted in this study.Methods and resultsThere were three groups of adult male Sprague‐Dawley rats: sham‐operated group (sham group), middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) group, and MCAO/R plus EA (MCAO/R + EA) group. The differences in global and nodal topological properties, including shortest path length, global efficiency, local efficiency, small‐worldness index, betweenness centrality (BC), and degree centrality (DC) were estimated. Graphical network analyses revealed that, as compared with the sham group, the MCAO/R group demonstrated a decrease in BC value in the right ventral hippocampus and increased BC in the right substantia nigra, accompanied by increased DC in the left nucleus accumbens shell (AcbSh). The BC was increased in the right hippocampus ventral and decreased in the right substantia nigra after EA intervention, and MCAO/R + EA resulted in a decreased DC in left AcbSh compared to MCAO/R.ConclusionThe results of this study provide a potential basis for EA to promote cognitive and motor function recovery after ischemic stroke.
Investigating disparities in smoking cessation treatment for veterans with multiple sclerosis: A national analysis
Authors: Polick Carri S. , Dennis Paul , Calhoun Patrick S. , Braley Tiffany J. , Lee Eunice , Wilson Sarah 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and aimsSmoking is a risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS) development, symptom burden, decreased medication efficacy, and increased disease‐related mortality. Veterans with MS (VwMS) smoke at critically high rates; however, treatment rates and possible disparities are unknown. To promote equitable treatment, we aim to investigate smoking cessation prescription practices for VwMS across social determinant factors.MethodsWe extracted data from the national Veterans Health Administration electronic health records between October 1, 2017, and September 30, 2018. To derive marginal estimates of the association of MS with receipt of smoking‐cessation pharmacotherapy, we used propensity score matching through the extreme gradient boosting machine learning model. VwMS who smoke were matched with veterans without MS who smoke on factors including age, race, depression, and healthcare visits. To assess the marginal association of MS with different cessation treatments, we used logistic regression and conducted stratified analyses by sex, race, and ethnicity.ResultsThe matched sample achieved a good balance across most covariates, compared to the pre‐match sample. VwMS (n = 3320) had decreased odds of receiving prescriptions for nicotine patches ([Odds Ratio]OR = 0.86, p < .01), non‐patch nicotine replacement therapy (NRT; OR = 0.81, p < .001), and standard practice dual NRT (OR = 0.77, p < .01), compared to matches without MS (n = 13,280). Men with MS had lower odds of receiving prescriptions for nicotine patches (OR = 0.88, p = .05), non‐patch NRT (OR = 0.77, p < .001), and dual NRT (OR = 0.72, p < .001). Similarly, Black VwMS had lower odds of receiving prescriptions for patches (OR = 0.62, p < .001), non‐patch NRT (OR = 0.75, p < .05), and dual NRT (OR = 0.52, p < .01). The odds of receiving prescriptions for bupropion or varenicline did not differ between VwMS and matches without MS.ConclusionVwMS received significantly less smoking cessation treatment, compared to matched controls without MS, showing a critical gap in health services as VwMS are not receiving dual NRT as the standard of care. Prescription rates were especially lower for male and Black VwMS, suggesting that under‐represented demographic groups outside of the white female category, most often considered as the “traditional MS” group, could be under‐treated regarding smoking cessation support. This foundational work will help inform future work to promote equitable treatment and implementation of cessation interventions for people living with MS.
Detecting language network alterations in mild cognitive impairment using task‐based fMRI and resting‐state fMRI: A comparative study
Authors: Kemik Kerem , Ada Emel , Çavuşoğlu Berrin , Aykaç Cansu , Savaş Derya Durusu Emek , Yener Görsev 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate the functional changes associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) using independent component analysis (ICA) with the word generation task functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and resting‐state fMRI.MethodsIn this study 17 patients with MCI and age and education‐matched 17 healthy individuals as control group are investigated. All participants underwent resting‐state fMRI and task‐based fMRI while performing the word generation task. ICA was used to identify the appropriate independent components (ICs) and their associated networks. The Dice Coefficient method was used to determine the relevance of the ICs to the networks of interest.ResultsIC‐14 was found relevant to language network in both resting‐state and task‐based fMRI, IC‐4 to visual, and IC‐28 to dorsal attention network (DAN) in word generation task‐based fMRI by Sorento‐Dice Coefficient. ICA showed increased activation in language network, which had a larger voxel size in resting‐state functional MRI than word generation task‐based fMRI in the bilateral lingual gyrus. Right temporo‐occipital fusiform cortex, right hippocampus, and right thalamus were also activated in the task‐based fMRI. Decreased activation was found in DAN and visual network MCI patients in word generation task‐based fMRI.ConclusionTask‐based fMRI and ICA are more sophisticated and reliable tools in evaluation cognitive impairments in language processing. Our findings support the neural mechanisms of the cognitive impairments in MCI.
Circular economy in agro food supply chain: Bibliometric and network analysis
Authors: Banerjee Pranay , Singh Deeksha , Kunja Sambashiva Rao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRecently, there has been growing interest among scholars and industry professionals in understanding how agro‐food supply chains can shift from a linear to a circular model. This involves managing waste, recovering resources, and adopting sustainable practices. However, knowledge on circular economies in agro‐food supply chains is scattered, with limited comprehensive studies available. To address this gap, our study conducts a bibliometric and network analysis of 364 documents from the Scopus database. We identify influential authors, contributing countries and journals, and most cited documents. Additionally, we use network analysis to visualize connections between authors and keywords, providing insights into emerging trends and critical research areas. We also uncover important keywords and themes, laying a foundation for future research directions. Overall, our study offers a comprehensive overview, serving as a basis for further exploration in this field.
Use of spectroscopic process analytical technology for rapid quality evaluation during preparation of CHO cell culture media
Authors: Ou Jianfa , Cui Wanyue , Zhao Yuxiang , Tang Yawen , Williams Alexander , Wasalathanthri Dhanuka , Xu Jianlin , Lee Jongchan , Borys Michael C. , Khetan Anurag 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMedia preparation parameters contribute significantly to media quality, cell culture performance, productivity, and product quality. Establishing proper media preparation procedures is critical for ensuring a robust CHO cell culture process. Process analytical technology (PAT) enables unique ways to quantify assessments and improve media quality. Here, cell culture media were prepared under a wide range of temperatures (40–80°C) and pH (7.6–10.0). Media quality profiles were compared using three real‐time PATs: Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and excitation‐emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy. FTIR and Raman spectroscopies identified shifts in media quality under high preparation temperature (80°C) and at differing preparation pH which negatively impacted monoclonal antibody (mAb) production. In fed‐batch processes for production of three different mAbs, viable cell density (VCD) and cell viability were mostly unaffected under all media preparation temperatures, while titer and cell specific productivity of mAb decreased when cultured in basal and feed media prepared at 80°C. High feed preparation pH alone was tolerated but cell growth and productivity profiles deviated from the control condition. Further, charge variants (main, acidic, basic species) and glycosylation (G0F, afucosylation, and high mannose) were examined. Statistically significant differences were observed for one or more of these quality attributes with any shifts in media preparation. In this study, we demonstrated strong associations between media preparation conditions and cell growth, productivity, and product quality. The rapid evaluation of media by PAT implementation enabled more comprehensive understanding of different parameters on media quality and consequential effects on CHO cell culture.
Developing tardigrade‐inspired material: Track membranes functionalized with Dsup protein for cell‐free DNA isolation
Authors: Zarubin Mikhail , Andreev Evgeny , Kravchenko Elena , Pinaeva Uliana , Nechaev Alexander , Apel Pavel 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWhen developing functionalized biomaterials, the proteins from extremophilic organisms, in particular unique tardigrade disordered proteins, are of great value. The damage suppressor protein (Dsup), initially discovered in the tardigrade Ramazzottius varieornatus and found to be an efficient DNA protector under oxidative and irradiation stress, has been hypothesized to possess a good potential for the development of the material, which can isolate cell‐free DNA. With this in mind, DNA‐nonadsorbing polyethylene terephthalate track membranes have been functionalized using the Dsup protein via covalent bonding with glutaraldehyde. The filtration experiments have verified the ability of track membranes with the immobilized Dsup protein to adsorb cell‐free DNA, with an accumulation capacity of 70 ± 19 mg m−2. The resulting track membrane‐based biomaterial might be used in various devices for filtration and separation of cell‐free DNA molecules from biological solutions and environmental samples, and also for their accumulation, storage, and further manipulation.
Construction and validation of “WCH‐nomogram” for predicting the prognosis after resection of colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Jiang Chuang , Liu Weixing , Jin Zechuan , Lan Ling , Xu Lin , Du Ao , Peng Song , Zeng Yong , Wang Haichuan , Liao Mingheng , Zhou Jin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe prognostic predictive tool for patients with colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) is limited and the criteria for administering preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy in CRLM patients remain controversial.MethodsThis study enrolled 532 CRLM patients at West China Hospital (WCH) from January 2009 to December 2019. Prognostic factors were identified from the training cohort to construct a WCH‐nomogram and evaluating accuracy in the validation cohort. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to compare the prediction accuracy with other existing prediction tools.ResultsFrom the analysis of the training cohort, four independent prognostic risk factors, namely tumor marker score, KRAS mutation, primary lymph node metastasis, and tumor burden score were identified on which a WCH‐nomogram was constructed. The C‐index of the two cohorts were 0.674 (95% CI: 0.634–0.713) and 0.655 (95% CI: 0.586–0.723), respectively, which was better than the previously reported predication scores (CRS, m‐CS and GAME score). ROC curves showed AUCs for predicting 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year overall survival (OS) of 0.758, 0.709, and 0.717 in the training cohort, and 0.860, 0.669, and 0.692 in the validation cohort, respectively. A cutoff value of 114.5 points was obtained for the WCH‐nomogram total score based on the maximum Youden index of the ROC curve of 5‐year OS. Risk stratification showed significantly better prognosis in the low‐risk group, however, the high‐risk group was more likely to benefit from neoadjuvant chemotherapy.ConclusionsThe WCH‐nomogram demonstrates superior prognostic stratification compared to prior scoring systems, effectively identifying CRLM patients who may benefit the most from neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
A polygenetic risk score combined with environmental factors better predict susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma in Chinese population
Authors: Zou Yuanlin , Zhu Jicun , Song Caijuan , Li Tiandong , Wang Keyan , Shi Jianxiang , Ye Hua , Wang Peng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to investigate environmental factors and genetic variant loci associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Chinese population and construct a weighted genetic risk score (wGRS) and polygenic risk score (PRS).MethodsA case–control study was applied to confirm the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and environmental variables linked to HCC in the Chinese population, which had been screened by meta‐analyses. wGRS and PRS were built in training sets and validation sets. Area under the curve (AUC), net reclassification improvement (NRI), integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), Akaike information criterion (AIC), and Bayesian information criterion (BIC) were applied to evaluate the performance of the models.ResultsA total of 13 SNPs were included in both risk prediction models. Compared with wGRS, PRS had better accuracy and discrimination ability in predicting HCC risk. The AUC for PRS in combination with drinking history, cirrhosis, HBV infection, and family history of HCC in training sets and validation sets (AUC: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.84–0.89; AUC: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.81–0.89) increased at least 20% than the AUC for PRS alone (AUC: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.60–0.67; AUC: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.60–0.71).ConclusionsA novel model combining PRS with alcohol history, HBV infection, cirrhosis, and family history of HCC could be applied as an effective tool for risk prediction of HCC, which could discriminate at‐risk individuals for precise prevention.
A nomogram to predict the risk of venous thromboembolism in patients with colon cancer in China
Authors: Yang Yuanyuan , Zhan Jiayi , Li Xiaosheng , Hua Jun , Lei Haike , Chen Xiaoliang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo create a nomogram for predicting the likelihood of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in colon cancer patients from China.MethodsThe data of colon cancer patients from Chongqing University Cancer Hospital between 2019 and 2022 were analyzed. Patients were divided into training set and internal validation set by random split‐sample method in a split ratio of 7:3. The univariable and multivariable logistic analysis gradually identified the independent risk factors for VTE. A nomogram was created using all the variables that had a significance level of p < 0.05 in the multivariable logistic analysis and those with clinical significance. Calibration curves and clinical decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to assess model's fitting performance and clinical value. Harrell's C‐index (concordance statistic) and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) were used to evaluate the predictive effectiveness of models.ResultsA total of 1996 patients were ultimately included. There were 1398 patients in the training set and 598 patients in the internal validation set. The nomogram included age, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, hypertension, activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, platelet, absolute lymphocyte count, and D‐dimer. The C‐index of nomogram and Khorana score were 0.754 (95% CI 0.711–0.798), 0.520 (95% CI 0.477–0.563) in the training cohort and 0.713 (95% CI 0.643–0.784), 0.542 (95% CI 0.473–0.612) in the internal validation cohort.ConclusionsWe have established and validated a nomogram to predict the VTE risk of colon cancer patients in China, which encompasses a diverse age range, a significant population size, and various clinical factors. It facilitates the identification of high‐risk groups and may enable the implementation of targeted preventive measures.
Clinical outcomes of pomalidomide‐based and daratumumab‐based therapies in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: A real‐world cohort study in China
Authors: Han Xiaoyan , Jiang Xincheng , He Jingsong , Zheng Gaofeng , Xiong Yaqin , Wen Yanling , Yang Yang , He Donghua , Chen Qingxiao , Zhao Yi , Li Yi , Wu Wenjun , Cai Zhen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundComparative investigations evaluating the efficacy of pomalidomide‐based (Pom‐based) versus daratumumab‐based (Dara‐based) therapies in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) remain scarce, both in randomized controlled trials and real‐world studies.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included 140 RRMM patients treated with Pom‐based or Dara‐based or a combination of pomalidomide and daratumumab (DPd) regimens in a Chinese tertiary hospital between December 2018 and July 2023.ResultsThe overall response rates (ORR) for Pom‐based (n = 48), Dara‐based (n = 68), and DPd (n = 24) groups were 57.8%, 84.6%, and 75.0%, respectively (p = 0.007). At data cutoff on August 1, 2023, the median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 5.7 months (95% CI: 5.0–6.5) for the Pom‐based group, 10.5 months (5.2–15.8) for the Dara‐based group, and 6.7 months (4.0–9.3) for the DPd group (p = 0.056). Multivariate analysis identified treatment regimens (Dara‐based vs. Pom‐based, DPd vs. Pom‐based) and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) as independent prognostic factors for PFS. In the subgroups of patients aged >65 years, with ECOG PS ≥2, lines of therapy ≥2, extramedullary disease or double‐refractory disease (refractory to both lenalidomide and proteasome inhibitors), the superiority of Dara‐based regimens over Pom‐based regimens was not evident. A higher incidence of infections was observed in patients receiving Dara‐based and DPd regimens (Pom‐based 39.6% vs. Dara‐based 64.7% vs. DPd 70.8%, p = 0.009).ConclusionsIn real‐world settings, Pom‐based, Dara‐based, and DPd therapies exhibited favorable efficacy in patients with RRMM. Dara‐based therapy yielded superior clinical response and PFS compared to Pom‐based therapy.
Exploring Cutting‐Edge Approaches in Anaerobic Digestion and Anaerobic Digestate Management
Authors: Mariappan Iyyadurai , Prabhakaran Rajkumar , Vivekanand Vivekanand , Poomani Merlin Sobia , Muthan Krishnaveni , Dhandayuthapani Sivanesan , Sivasamy Sivabalan , Regurajan Rathika , Subramanian Venkatesh 
Published: May 2024

AbstractExploring alternative energy sources is vital amid increasing human fuel consumption. Globally, biogas, rich in methane, hydrogen sulfide, and carbon dioxide, addresses energy demands through biomass anaerobic digestion (AD). Efficient digestate management, employing techniques like solid‐liquid separation and composting, is crucial for environmental protection. The goal is to optimize nutrient‐rich byproduct utilization while minimizing negative impacts. This review analyzes diverse substrates, emphasizing challenges and benefits. Key considerations include nutrient ratios, moisture content, co‐digestion, organic loading rate, and retention time. The study explores temperature's impact on microbial growth, biogas impurities, and upgradation techniques, including biological methods. Fermentation, microbial electrochemical techniques, and biochar use for enhanced AD are introduced. Discussing digestate's multifaceted aspects, the review highlights its nutrient value and diverse applications in aquaculture, animal feed, fermentation, bioremediation, and fine chemical production.