bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design a new elliptical ultrawideband antenna with dual band‐notched characteristics
Authors: Liu W. X. , Yin Y. Z. , Xu W. L. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA novel microstrip‐fed ultrawideband elliptical antenna with dual band‐notched characteristics is proposed and fabricated. Dual band‐notched characteristics are achieved by a defected ground structure and using a tuning stub embedded in the microstrip feed line. The operation bandwidth of the designed antenna is from 2.6 to 12 GHz for voltage standing wave ratio less than 2, except two frequency notched bands of 3.2–4.1 GHz for WiMAX and 4.9–6.0 GHz for wireless local area network. Moreover, the proposed antenna provides a good radiation pattern and a relatively flat gain over the entire frequency band excluding the rejected bands. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:780–783, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26625
Compact planar near‐field resonant parastic antenna for multiple‐input multiple‐output applications
Authors: Lin Chia‐Ching , Jin Peng , Ziolkowski Richard W. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA planar tri‐band near‐field resonant parasitic (NFRP) antenna for multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) applications in the WLAN 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz bands is presented. The tri‐band functionality is obtained by introducing three different resonant parasitic elements near a simple driven element. Good impedance matching, radiation efficiency, and antenna patterns are realized at each of the desired resonant frequencies. Experimental confirmation of the simulated performance is presented. It is demonstrated that an array of these tri‐band NFRP antennas obtains good isolation between elements even with small spacing between them. Calculated envelope correlation values are less than 0.12 within the bands of interest. The design methodologies of the tri‐band NFRP antenna and the corresponding MIMO array are detailed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:580–584, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26647
K‐band, low‐power CMOS injection‐locked divide‐by‐three circuit using shunt‐peaking and current‐bleeding techniques
Authors: Tsai Pei‐Kang , Liu Chih‐Yu , Huang Tzuen‐Hsi , Wu Janne‐Wha 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA CMOS divide‐by‐three injection‐locked frequency divider having a wide input locking range of 23–27 GHz is proposed.The wide locking range is achieved by combining the shunt‐peaking and current‐bleeding techniques. The proposed circuit is fabricated using a 0.18‐μm RF CMOS process, and the measured operation range (i.e., total locking range) is 4.32 GHz (from 23.17 to 27.49 GHz) for an input injection power of +4 dBm. The power consumption is 4.28 mW at a supply voltage of 1.2 V. The second‐ and third‐order harmonic suppressions are 38.05 and 37.89 dBc, respectively, for a divided output frequency of 8.4 GHz. The output phase noise under lock at an offset of 1 MHz with an input injection power of +4 dBm is −139 dBc/Hz. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:577–579, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26648
10‐Gbit/s, reconfigurable time domain SPE‐OCDMA system with code shifting and pulse overlapping
Authors: Gao Zhensen , Dai Bo , Wang Xu , Kataoka Nobuyuki , Wada Naoya 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA code shifting technique operated in the pulse overlapping regime using only highly dispersive element and phase modulator is proposed and applied for high speed, dynamic reconfigurable time domain spectral phase encoding (SPE) optical‐code‐division‐multiple‐access (OCDMA).Proof‐of‐principle experimental demonstration in a 10‐Gb/s, two‐user SPE‐OCDMA system with code‐length variable spectral phase pattern of up to 1024 is reported. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:808–810, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26661
Growth Is Good for the Poor, If Social Policy Passes It On
Authors: Kenworthy Lane 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Economic growth has been good for the poor in the world’s rich nations since the 1970s. But not always. Some countries have experienced lengthy periods of economic growth with little or no rise in the incomes of low-end households. When growth has trickled down to the poor, government transfers have been the principal conduit. It is in countries that have increased transfers in concert with per capita GDP that the incomes of the poor have tended to rise.
The Politics of Helping the Poor
Authors: Kenworthy Lane 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Given its political institutions—a privatized system of campaign financing, a federal government structure, extensive separation of powers within the federal government, a bicameral parliament, the filibuster practice in the Senate, and the lack of a truly left political party, among others—it is not surprising that the United States is a laggard in social policy generosity among the rich countries. Yet the world of social policy is not a deterministic one. Structures and institutions constrain, but they do not dictate outcomes. Examples from America’s past and from recent developments in other rich countries suggest reason for guarded optimism about the potential for policy more conducive to progress for the poor.
7 Beer‐Drinking Nations: The Determinants of Global Beer Consumption
Authors: Colen Liesbeth , Swinnen Johan F. M. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis chapter analyzes the evolution of beer consumption between countries and over time. Historically, there have been major changes in beer consumption in the world. In recent times, per capita consumption has decreased in traditional ‘beer drinking nations’ and increased strongly in emerging economies. A quantitative empirical analysis shows that the relationship between income and beer consumption has an inverse U-shape. Beer consumption initially increases with rising incomes, but at higher levels of income beer consumption falls. Increased openness to trade and globalization has contributed to a convergence in alcohol consumption patterns across countries. In countries that were originally ‘beer drinking nations’, the share of beer in total alcohol consumption reduced while this is not the case in countries which traditionally drank mostly wine or spirits. Climatic conditions, religion, and relative prices also influence beer consumption.
Long‐term changes in body composition after pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Aslani Alireza , Roach Paul J. , Smith Ross C. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackground:  The Whipple's procedure (WP) is a major operation that adds a further demand on the body's nutritional reserves and therefore body composition after the effect of pancreatic cancer. The aim was to document changes in body composition changes that occur during the first six months after a WP for a pancreatic cancer malignancy.Methods:  Twenty‐seven (14 males, 13 females) consecutive WP patients had body composition measured at baseline and then at 2, 5, 14 and 26 weeks after surgery. These included; anthropometric measure (weight, skin folds and arm muscle area (AMA)), total body measures of protein (TBP), potassium (TBK), water (TBW) and fat mass (FM). Changes were compared using repeated measures analysis of variance.Results:  Hospital nutritional care maintained TBP and TBK but at 2 weeks there was a loss of FM (P= 0.037). The nadir of weight loss (P < 0.001) occurred at 5 weeks because of losses of protein (P= 0.007), fat (P < 0.001) and potassium (P= 0.045) but not water. Although weight and FM were still significantly less than baseline measures at 26 weeks weight, TBP, TBK and AMA were not significantly different to preoperative values.Conclusions:  Although at 6 months, important measures of the metabolically functioning tissue, TBP and TBK, have returned to preoperative values significant losses occurred during the first 3 weeks after discharge from hospital and FM did not return to preoperative values. These results suggest the need to improve post‐discharge nutritional care.
Biological immunomodulators improve the healing rate in surgically treated perianal Crohn’s fistulas
Authors: El‐Gazzaz G. , Hull T. , Church J. M. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAim  The role of biological therapy in perianal fistulas associated with Crohn’s disease (CD) is uncertain as available data are confused and conflicting. In order to provide some clarity to the issue we have examined a large cohort of patients with perianal fistulas and CD and stratified them according to use of biological agents.Method  Patients with perianal Crohn’s fistulas treated between June 1999 and June 2009 were stratified according to use of biological agents and outcome was examined. Healing was defined as absence of fistula or drainage. Prior to surgery perianal sepsis was eradicated with drains or setons. Endpoints were defined as either complete healing, improvement (minimal symptoms and drainage) or unhealed, as noted at subsequent outpatient follow‐up. Variables assessed were age, body mass index, smoking, perineal involvement with Crohn’s granuloma and type of procedure. Fisher’s exact test and χ2 test were used for analysis.Results  Two hundred and eighteen patients had anal fistulas and CD. Mean follow‐up was 3.2 ± 3 years with mean age 38.8 ± 12.2 years and body mass index of 25.3 ± 6. One hundred and seventeen patients (53.7%) underwent surgery alone (Group A) and 101 patients (46.3%) underwent surgery and biological immunomodulator treatments (Group B). Demographic data and CD history were similar between groups. Surgeries included seton drainge (n = 90), fistulotomy (n = 22), rectal advancement flap (n = 39), fistulotomy plus seton (n = 47) and others (n = 20). Overall improvement in Group A was in 42 patients (35.9%) vs 72 patients (71.3%) in Group B (P = 0.001). There was no significant difference in other studied variables between both groups.Conclusions  There is a definite role for biological therapy as an adjuvant to surgery in patients with perianal fistulas and CD.
Relationship of serum and saliva calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase with dry mouth feeling in menopause
Authors: Agha‐Hosseini Farzaneh , Mirzaii‐Dizgah Iraj , Moosavi Mahdieh‐Sadat 
Published: January 2012

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2012.00619.xRelationship of serum and saliva calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase with dry mouth feeling in menopauseObjectives:  The aim of this study was to compare serum and saliva calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase of menopausal women with/without dry mouth (DM) feeling.Background:  The composition of saliva in menopause women with/without DM feeling is different. Some of these differences are in hormones that are related to bone turnover.Methods:  A case–control study was carried out on 60 selected menopausal women aged 45–79 years with or without DM feeling (30 as case, 30 as control), conducted at the Clinic of Oral Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The phosphorus concentration was measured by photometrical measurement of the blue colour formed after the addition of ammonium molybdate and stannous chloride; calcium was measured by Arsenazo reaction; and alkaline phosphatase by the pNPP‐AMP method. Statistical analysis of Student’s t‐test was used.Results:  The mean serum phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase, stimulated and unstimulated saliva calcium and alkaline phosphatase levels were significantly higher in the menopausal women suffering from DM. There were no significant differences between groups regarding saliva phosphorus and serum calcium concentration.Conclusion:  Calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase appear associated with DM feeling in menopause.
The Relationship of Peripheral Arterial Disease and Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence in Asymptomatic US Adults 40 Years and Older: Results From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2004)
Authors: Sumner Andrew D. , Khalil Yasser K. , Reed James F. 
Published: January 2012

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2012;14:144–148. ©2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a subclinical marker of coronary artery disease and identifies asymptomatic individuals at high risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a constellation of clinical factors that increases the risk of developing diabetes and CVD. The authors’ objectives were to estimate the prevalence of MetS in patients with PAD and to determine the prevalence of PAD in the population of asymptomatic US adults 40 years and older with MetS. The authors analyzed data from 3 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES, 1999–2004). Prevalence of MetS as defined by the Third Report of the Adult Treatment Panel criteria and prevalence of associated cardiac risk factors were determined in 5376 asymptomatic participants 40 years and older. Presence of PAD was defined as ankle‐brachial index <0.9. Estimates were weighted with the sample weights accounting for the unequal selection probability of complex NHANES sampling and over sampling of selected population subgroups. Prevalence of PAD in asymptomatic US adults 40 years and older was 4.2%. PAD prevalence in persons with MetS was 7.0% compared with 3.3% in persons without MetS. A total of 38% of the population with PAD also had MetS. High rates of abdominal obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and low high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol are significant contributors to both MetS and PAD. Persons with MetS have twice the risk of having PAD. Of persons with PAD, almost 40% have MetS. The presence of either PAD or MetS should warrant screening for both conditions so that risk stratification and management of risk factors may be performed.
Regular Use of a Home Blood Pressure Monitor by Hypertensive Adults—HealthStyles, 2005 and 2008
Authors: Ayala Carma , Tong Xin , Keenan Nora L. 
Published: January 2012

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2012;14:172–177. ©2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The authors analyzed HealthStyles surveys 2005 and 2008 combined to assess the prevalence of regular home blood pressure monitor (HBPM) use among hypertensive adults. All data were self‐reported. The authors calculated odds ratios (ORs) of regular HBPM use and relative percent change (RPC) in the use of HBPM between the 2 survey years. There were 3739 (32.6%) hypertensives in the 2 survey years combined. Based on the self‐reported data, the proportion of hypertensives who regularly used an HBPM was 43.2%. Male sex, age, race/ethnicity, household income, and education were all associated with differences in the prevalence of regular HBPM use. Patients 65 years and older (OR, 2.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.49–3.81) were significantly more likely to be regular HBPM users than those 18 to 34 years. Non‐Hispanic blacks were significantly less likely (OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.55–0.86) to be regular HBPM users than non‐Hispanic whites. From 2005 to 2008, the RPC in regular HBPM use was 14.2% (from 40.1% to 45.8%); the largest RPCs were for the 3 youngest age groups, men, non‐Hispanic blacks, and those with a household income of $40,000 to 59,900. Because HBPM has been demonstrated to aid in hypertension control, health care professionals should promote its use especially among hypertensives who are younger, non‐Hispanic blacks, Hispanics, or with a lower income.
Criterion Setting and the Dynamics of Recognition Memory
Authors: Cox Gregory E. , Shiffrin Richard M. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractModels of recognition memory have traditionally struggled with the puzzle of criterion setting, a problem that is particularly acute in cases in which items for study and test are of widely varying types, with differing degrees of baseline familiarity and experience (e.g., words vs. random dot patterns). We present a dynamic model of the recognition process that addresses the criterion setting problem and produces joint predictions for choice and reaction time. In this model, recognition decisions are based not on the absolute value of familiarity, but on how familiarity changes over time as features are sampled from the test item. Decisions are the outcome of a race between two parallel accumulators: one that accumulates positive changes in familiarity (leading to an ‘‘old’’ decision) and another that accumulates negative changes (leading to a ‘‘new’’ decision). Simulations with this model make realistic predictions for recognition performance and latency regardless of the baseline familiarity of study and test items.
A Phase II Study of Gefitinib for Aggressive Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck
Authors: Lewis Carol M. , Glisson Bonnie S. , Feng Lei , Wan Fiona , Tang Ximing , Wistuba Ignacio I. , El-Naggar Adel K. , Rosenthal David I. , Chambers Mark S. , Lustig Robert A. , Weber Randal S. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Purpose: To determine the disease control rate and toxicity of treating patients with aggressive cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) with neoadjuvant gefitinib.
Experimental Design: A prospective phase II clinical trial evaluating neoadjuvant gefitinib given prior to standard treatment with surgery and/or radiotherapy. Patients with stable disease after one cycle received escalated doses. Patients who responded were given gefitinib during radiation therapy, as well as maintenance therapy after definitive treatment. We analyzed the correlation between epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression, mutation status, and gene copy number on available tissue samples and clinical response.
Results: Twenty-three patients were accrued and 22 patients were evaluable for response prior to definitive local treatment; complete responses were attained by 18.2% of patients and partial responses by 27.3%. Grades 2 to 3 toxicities were observed in 59.1% of patients experiencing class-specific effects during induction therapy. After induction, 11.8% underwent surgery alone, 17.6% had definitive radiation, 11.8% were treated with radiation and concurrent gefitinib, and 47% had surgery with postoperative radiation and concurrent gefitinib. Median follow-up for the censored observations was 32 months. Two-year overall, disease-specific, and progression-free survival rates were 72.1%, 72.1%, and 63.6%, respectively. No EGFR-activating mutations were identified in tumor samples available from 10 patients. No associations between EGFR correlative studies and patient outcomes were identified.
Conclusions: Gefitinib, in the neoadjuvant setting, was active and well tolerated in patients with aggressive CSCC and did not interfere with definitive treatment. In view of the 18% complete response rate we observed, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors should be further explored in the treatment of aggressive CSCC. Clin Cancer Res; 18(5); 1435–46. ©2012 AACR.
Rheology of Discrete Failure Regimes of Anisotropic Sea Ice
Authors: Wilchinsky Alexander V. , Feltham Daniel L. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACT
A rheological model of sea ice is presented that incorporates the orientational distribution of ice thickness in leads embedded in isotropic floe ice. Sea ice internal stress is determined by coulombic, ridging and tensile failure at orientations where corresponding failure criteria are satisfied at minimum stresses. Because sea ice traction increases in thinner leads and cohesion is finite, such failure line angles are determined by the orientational distribution of sea ice thickness relative to the imposed stresses. In contrast to the isotropic case, sea ice thickness anisotropy results in these failure lines becoming dependent on the stress magnitude. Although generally a given failure criteria type can be satisfied at many directions, only two at most are considered. The strain rate is determined by shearing along slip lines accompanied by dilatancy and closing or opening across orientations affected by ridging or tensile failure. The rheology is illustrated by a yield curve determined by combining coulombic and ridging failure for the case of two pairs of isotropically formed leads of different thicknesses rotated with regard to each other, which models two events of coulombic failure followed by dilatancy and refreezing. The yield curve consists of linear segments describing coulombic and ridging yield as failure switches from one lead to another as the stress grows. Because sliding along slip lines is accompanied by dilatancy, at typical Arctic sea ice deformation rates a one-day-long deformation event produces enough open water that these freshly formed slip lines are preferential places of ridging failure.
ESR1, HK3 and BRSK1 gene variants are associated with both age at natural menopause and premature ovarian failure
Authors: Qin Yingying , Sun Mei , You Li , Wei Deying , Sun Jielin , Liang Xiaoyan , Zhang Bo , Jiang Hong , Xu Jianfeng , Chen Zi-Jiang 
Published: January 2012

Abstract

Background
Premature ovarian failure (POF) is a complex and heterogeneous disorder that is influenced by multiple genetic components. Numerous candidate gene studies designed to identify POF susceptibility loci have been published, but most positive findings have not been confirmed in follow up studies. We sought to determine if sequence variants previously associated with age at natural menopause (AANM) or early menopause (EM) contribute as well to genetic susceptibility to POF.

Methods
Our study was performed on 371 unrelated idiopathic women with POF and 800 women controls, all Chinese Han. Thirty six SNPs from previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) responsible for AANM or EM and 3 additional SNPs in ESR1, and 2 additional SNPs in PTHB1 were tested using the Sequenom MassARRAY iPLEX platform for genotyping.

Results
Three SNPs - rs2278493 in HK3, rs2234693 in ESR1 and rs12611091 in BRSK1 - showed nominally significant association with POF. Thus, a plausible relationship could exist between ESR1, BRSK1, HK3 and POF.

Conclusions
This largest association study undertaken to determine correlation between POF and AANM/EM revealed three significant SNPs (rs2278493, rs2234693, and rs12611091). All are associated with not only AAWM and EM but also POF. Insights into shared genetic susceptibility between POF and AANM/EM will provide novel entry points for unraveling genetic mechanism involved in ovarian reserve and oocyte aging processes.
Probing DNA assembly into nanoparticles with short DNA
Authors: Chandran Preethi L. , Dimitriadis Emilios K. , Horkay Ferenc 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTDNA is an anionic polyelectrolyte, which occupies a large volume in salt free solution due to the coulomb repulsion between the charged groups. In the presence of high valence cations, DNA condenses into nanoparticles. DNA nanoparticles have generated a lot of interest as a preferred vehicle for delivering therapeutic DNA in gene therapy. The efficiency of gene delivery is determined by stability and compactness of the particles. However not much is known about the organization of DNA within the particles. The large polymer cations condense DNA rapidly, with no distinct intermediate stages that give insight into the arrangement of DNA within the nanoparticle. In our work, we form nanoparticles with short DNA strands to slow down the condensation process. The polymer cation is polyethyleneimine with grafted sugar moieties. Distinct intermediate stages are observed with Atomic Force Microscopy. The assembly occurs via the formation of fiber condensates, which appear to be the unit of DNA condensation. Nanoparticles form by compaction of interweaving networks of fiber condensates.