bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geodynamics of synconvergent extension and tectonic mode switching: Constraints from the Sevier‐Laramide orogen
Authors: Wells Michael L. , Hoisch Thomas D. , Cruz‐Uribe Alicia M. , Vervoort Jeffrey D. 
Published: November 2011

Many orogenic belts experience alternations in shortening and extension (tectonic mode switches) during continuous plate convergence. The geodynamics of such alternations are not well understood. We present a record of Late Cretaceous to Eocene alternations of shortening and extension from the interior of the retroarc Sevier‐Laramide orogen of the western United States. We integrate new Lu‐Hf garnet geochronometry with revised PT paths utilizing differential thermobarometry combined with isochemical G‐minimization plots, and monazite Th‐Pb inclusion geochronometry to produce a well‐constrained “M” shaped PTt path. Two burial events (86 and 65 Ma) are separated by ∼3 kbar of decompression. The first burial episode is Late Cretaceous, records a 2 kbar pressure increase at ∼515–550 °C and is dated by a Lu‐Hf garnet isochron age of 85.5 ± 1.9 Ma (2σ); the second burial episode records ∼1 kbar of pressure increase at ∼585–615 °C, and is dated by radially decreasing Th‐Pb ages of monazite inclusions in garnet between ∼65 and 45 Ma. We propose a synconvergent lithospheric delamination cycle, superimposed on a dynamic orogenic wedge, as a viable mechanism. Wedge tapers may evolve from critical to subcritical (amplification), to supercritical (separation), and back to subcritical (re‐equilibration) owing to elevation changes resulting from isostatic adjustments during the amplification and separation of Rayleigh‐Taylor instabilities, and post‐separation thermal and rheological re‐equilibration. For the Sevier‐Laramide hinterland, the sequence of Late Cretaceous delamination, low‐angle subduction, and slab rollback/foundering during continued plate convergence explains the burial‐exhumation‐burial‐exhumation record and the “M‐shaped” PTt path.
A transgenic rat model for reducing adult neurogenesis.
Authors: Snyder Jason , Grigereit Laura , Brewer Michelle , Pickel Jim , Cameron Heather 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe function of adult neurogenesis remains unclear. While many tools for manipulating neurogenesis have been developed for mice, there are fewer tools for rats. Radiological and chemical strategies have been used to inhibit adult neurogenesis in rats but these methods may also have undesired side effects. Since rats have a larger brain and can perform complex behaviors, it would be useful to have additional rat models for studying neurogenesis. To address this gap we therefore developed a transgenic GFAP-TK rat in which adult neurogenesis can be specifically inhibited. Preliminary results suggest that, as in mice, reduced adult neurogenesis leads to anhedonia.
Unspoken Depths: Dramatherapy and Dementia
Authors: Morris Nicky 
Published: November 2011

In the dual role of therapist and researcher, working in an NHS Day Hospital with a small group of clients with moderate dementia, my question was simple, yet perplexing: What could I learn from the paradox between the joyful energy of my Dramatherapy group and the intense sadness and confusion that seemed to exist on the periphery? A qualitative, heuristic approach was the most appropriate in respect of ethics and practicality. By using vignettes – in which client names were changed – as opposed to detailed case studies, I required neither written nor ongoing verbal consent – though spoke informally about it with my clients and their carers throughout the process. I followed the six stages of heuristic research described by Clark Moustakas and gathered data using the tools and techniques recommended. I created a personal log book and collated my official session notes on 20 clients seen between January and October 2009. Through the analysis of data, key themes arose: Fear and Stigma, Anger, and Self-Identity. This article may be most relevant to those working creatively with this client group, who find themselves confronted by a paradox of emotions, forced to confront personal fears and limitations. Whilst the need for further research is evident, my small and subjective study meets the minimal requirements of BADth's EPB/PBE guidelines (Dokter and Winn) and could compliment larger-scale studies using both quantitative and qualitative methods.
Extending Culturally Symbolic Brands: A Blessing or a Curse?
Authors: Torelli Carlos J. , Ahluwalia Rohini 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Results from four studies uncover a relatively automatic cultural congruency mechanism that can influence evaluations of culturally charged brand extensions, overriding the impact of perceived fit on extension evaluations. Culturally congruent extensions (i.e., when both the brand and the extension category cue the same cultural schema) were evaluated more favorably than culturally neutral extensions, which in turn were evaluated more favorably than culturally incongruent ones (i.e., cue two different cultural schemas). The effects emerged with both moderate and low fit brand extensions, as well as for narrow and broad brands. However, they only emerged when both the brand and the product were culturally symbolic, likely to automatically activate a cultural schema but did not emerge for brands low in cultural symbolism. The effects were driven by the processing (dis)fluency generated by the simultaneous activation of the same (different) cultural schemas by the product and the brand.
A furnace and environmental cell for thein situinvestigation of molten salt electrolysis using high-energy X-ray diffraction
Authors: Styles Mark J. , Rowles Matthew R. , Madsen Ian C. , McGregor Katherine , Urban Andrew J. , Snook Graeme A. , Scarlett Nicola V. Y. , Riley Daniel P. 
Published: November 2011

This paper describes the design, construction and implementation of a relatively large controlled-atmosphere cell and furnace arrangement. The purpose of this equipment is to facilitate thein situcharacterization of materials used in molten salt electrowinning cells, using high-energy X-ray scattering techniques such as synchrotron-based energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction. The applicability of this equipment is demonstrated by quantitative measurements of the phase composition of a model inert anode material, which were taken during anin situstudy of an operational Fray–Farthing–Chen Cambridge electrowinning cell, featuring molten CaCl2as the electrolyte. The feasibility of adapting the cell design to investigate materials in other high-temperature environments is also discussed.
Interactions between killer immunoglobulin‐like receptors and their human leucocyte antigen Class I ligands influence the outcome of unrelated haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for thalassaemia: a novel predictive algorithm
Authors: Littera Roberto , Orrù Nicola , Caocci Giovanni , Sanna Marco , Mulargia Marina , Piras Eugenia , Vacca Adriana , Giardini Claudio , Orofino Maria G. , Visani Giuseppe , Bertaina Alice , Giorgiani Giovanna , Locatelli Franco , Carcassi Carlo , La Nasa Giorgio 
Published: November 2011

SummaryIn a study conducted on 114 patients undergoing unrelated donor haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for thalassaemia, we observed that the lack of activating killer immunoglobulin‐like receptors (KIRs) on donor natural killer (NK) cells significantly increased the risk of graft‐versus‐host disease (GvHD) [hazard risk (HR) 4·2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·7–10·1, P = 0·002] and transplantation‐related mortality (HR 4·7, 95% CI 1·6–14·2, P = 0·01). The risk of GvHD furthermore increased when recipients heterozygous for HLA‐C KIR ligand groups (C1/C2) were transplanted from donors completely lacking activating KIRs (HR 6·1, 95% CI 1·9–19·2, P = 0·002). We also found that the risk of rejection was highest when the recipient was homozygous for the C2 HLA‐KIR ligand group and the donor carried two or more activating KIRs (HR 6·8, 95% CI 1·9–24·4, P = 0·005). By interpolating the number of donor activating KIRs with recipient HLA‐C KIR ligands, we created an algorithm capable of stratifying patients according to the immunogenetic risk of complications following unrelated HSCT. In clinical practice, this predictive tool could serve as an important supplement to clinical judgement and decision‐making.
Inflammation and remodelling patterns in early stage chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Van Bruaene N. , C. Perez‐Novo , Van Crombruggen K. , De Ruyck N. , Holtappels G. , Van Cauwenberge P. , Gevaert P. , Bachert C. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryBackgroundA distinct set of inflammatory and remodelling factors have been found elevated in chronic rhinosinusitis.ObjectiveThe investigation of their expression in early stage disease may reveal early events in this common disease.MethodsSinonasal mucosal samples from nine patients with early stage CRSsNP were taken from the inferior and middle turbinates, the uncinate process, maxillary sinus, anterior ethmoid, bulla ethmoidalis and the posterior ethmoid and measured for TGF‐beta 1 and it's receptors, MPO protein as well as pro‐inflammatory cytokines (TNF‐alpha and IL‐1beta) and the Th1 cell signature (IFN‐gamma and T‐bet). As outcome parameter for TGF‐beta signalling collagen deposition was analysed. Inferior turbinates from patients undergoing (rhino‐) septoplasty were collected as controls.ResultsTGF‐beta 1 protein concentrations were significantly increased in the maxillary sinuses (P = 0.006), the uncinate process (P = 0.01), the anterior ethmoid including the bulla ethmoidalis (P = 0.005) and the posterior ethmoid (P = 0.037) when compared to the inferior and middle turbinates. Collagen deposition was significantly increased in the maxillary sinus when compared to the inferior turbinates (P = 0.008). In contrast, mRNA for TGF‐beta receptors, Th1 related markers (IFN‐gamma and T‐bet), pro‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐1 beta and TNF‐alpha), and MPO protein as neutrophil marker were expressed at all locations but showed no significant differences between the various locations. TGF‐beta 1 mRNA expression in inferior turbinates of CRSsNP was significantly higher when compared to inferior turbinates of controls (P = 0.017). The pro‐inflammatory cytokines and Th1‐related cytokines did not show an upregulation in inferior turbinates of CRSsNP when compared to controls.ConclusionsIn early stage chronic sinus disease, TGF‐beta protein is expressed in significantly higher concentrations within the paranasal sinuses when compared to turbinates, whereas pro‐inflammatory, neutrophilic and Th1 markers did not show any difference. These findings suggest that TGF‐beta plays a central role in the initiation of CRSsNP, and represents a major target for further research and future intervention.
Evaluation of the child with atopic dermatitis
Authors: de Bruin Weller M. S. , Knulst A. C. , Meijer Y. , Bruijnzeel‐Koomen C. A. F. M. , Pasmans S. G. M. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryAtopic dermatis (AD) is a very common inflammatory skin disease in childhood. Various doctors such as paediatricians, general practitioners, allergologists and dermatologists are regularly consulted by these children and their parents, but there is no clear consensus on the diagnostic work‐up that should be performed when evaluating a child with eczema. A careful history, clinical examination and adequate documentation of disease severity are essential in all children with eczema, irrespective of their disease severity. AD is a clinical diagnosis; diagnostic criteria, such as the UK diagnostic criteria, can be helpful for an accurate definition of the disease. A careful history, including alarm symptoms, respiratory symptoms and the impact of the disease on psychosocial functioning is important. Clinical scoring lists such as SCORAD and EASI are well validated for clinical studies; they are, however, not very suitable tools in clinical practice. More simple scoring systems, such as Three Item Severity Score (TIS) and Investigator Global Assessment (IGA), are more easy to use for clinical record keeping in daily practice. Allergen testing in children with AD without a history of acute non‐eczematous reactions after allergen exposure is not necessary. In very young children with eczema, not yet exposed to foods, routine allergen testing is not necessary. If in individual cases, the decision is made to perform allergen tests, oral challenges should performed to confirm the diagnoses of food allergy.
Temporal and spatial variation in ecosystem metabolism and food web carbon transfer in a wet‐dry tropical river
Authors: HUNT RICHARD J. , JARDINE TIMOTHY D. , HAMILTON STEPHEN K. , BUNN STUART E. ,   TROPICAL RIVERS and COASTAL KNOWLEDGE RESEARCH HUB
Published: November 2011

Summary1. High light availability and stable base flow during the dry season promote primary production in perennial rivers of the wet–dry tropics, in contrast to production during the wet season which is often limited by turbidity and scouring. The Mitchell River of northern Queensland (Australia) was studied to understand controls on aquatic production and respiration in the dry season in relation to spatial and temporal gradients of light and temperature.2. At three sites along the river, whole‐ecosystem gross primary production (GPP) and respiration (ER) were measured from diel changes of dissolved oxygen using the open‐channel single station method. Using stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis, aquatic consumers and their potential basal food resources were also assessed to determine food web relationships at the beginning and end of the dry season.3. Nutrient limitation of aquatic net primary production was implied from the oligotrophic conditions and high algal C:N ratios. Rates of GPP were comparable with other tropical and temperate rivers and were regulated by light availability.4. Respiration rates were high and similar to other tropical and subtropical rivers. Up to 52% of temporal variation of ER was explained by temperature, while P/R was lowest at the downstream site.5. Benthic algae were the major carbon source for primary and secondary benthic consumers (insects) in the dry season but not for higher consumers (fish and crustaceans). Despite high rates of ER, which were probably supported by decaying terrestrial C3 plant material, this carbon source was not identified as contributing to animal consumer biomass.6. While benthic algal production in the dry season sustained benthic invertebrates, the importance of external subsidies of carbon along the river, probably from the floodplain, was emphasised for fish and large invertebrates, which evidently were feeding on carbon sources not present in channel waterholes during the dry season.
Second‐generation platelet concentrate (PRF) as a pulpotomy medicament in a permanent molar with pulpitis: a case report
Authors: Hiremath H. , Saikalyan S. , Kulkarni S. S. , Hiremath V. 
Published: November 2011

Hiremath H, Saikalyan S, Kulkarni SS, Hiremath V. Second‐generation platelet concentrate (PRF) as a pulpotomy medicament in a permanent molar with pulpitis: A case report. International Endodontic Journal, 45, 105–112, 2012.AbstractAim  To discuss the clinical and radiographic success of a pulpotomy with second‐generation platelet concentrate (PRF), in a human mature permanent molar tooth.Summary  A 19‐year‐old female patient reported to the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics with established pulpitis in tooth 36. The tooth had a carious pulp exposure, with a history of lingering pain. After isolation, caries removal and pulp exposure, pulpotomy with PRF was performed and a permanent restoration was placed immediately. At the first recall (+1 day), no postoperative pain was reported. At 6, 12, 18 and 22 months recall, the tooth responded positively to pulp sensibility tests, and radiographic examination revealed a normal periodontal ligament space. Positive results of this case imply the need for more studies with larger sample sizes and a longer recall period to justify the use of this novel material for the treatment of pulpitis in human permanent molar teeth.Key learning points
Pulpotomy with PRF could be an alternate treatment to mineral trioxide aggregate or other materials in mature permanent teeth with pulpitis.
Vegetation dynamics and avian seasonal migration: clues from remotely sensed vegetation indices and ecological niche modelling
Authors: Papeş M. , Peterson A. T. , Powell G. V. N. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAim  Regional movements of tropical birds are among the least understood patterns of migration, generally assumed to be related to seasonality of vegetation and food resources. We used readily available remotely sensed data to analyse this relationship in the three‐wattled bellbird (Procnias tricarunculatus), an IUCN Vulnerable canopy frugivorous bird that undergoes localized altitudinal and latitudinal movements between several non‐breeding and breeding ranges.Location  Central America.Methods  We generated ecological niche models (GARP and Maxent) based on remotely sensed vegetation indices (enhanced vegetation index, EVI; red index, RI; and normalized difference water index, NDWI) that were used as proxies for canopy characteristics and phenological changes between seasons. The variation in EVI was also analysed in relation to known bellbird seasonal migration patterns.Results  Remotely sensed summaries of intra‐annual vegetation variation could not explain known movement patterns of bellbirds breeding in Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, Costa Rica. The ecological niche modelling (ENM) framework used for exploring potential movement patterns of another population of bellbirds, observed in March 2004 in Corcovado National Park, Costa Rica, showed that the Atlantic and Pacific lowlands are suitable for the bellbirds year‐round, while middle elevations, where breeding may occur, have limited suitability.Main conclusions  Our findings suggest that: (1) the Corcovado population tracks similar environmental conditions during the non‐breeding season; (2) migration to middle elevation breeding sites might be related to factors other than vegetation seasonality or breeding might not be restricted to these elevation ranges; and (3) the lowlands comprising most of the suitable areas for bellbirds are where anthropogenic pressure is highest, so conservation status should consider this threat, and conservation planning should emphasize these areas.
Furfural reduction mechanism of a zinc‐dependent alcohol dehydrogenase from Cupriavidus necator JMP134
Authors: Kang ChulHee , Hayes Robert , Sanchez Emiliano J. , Webb Brian N. , Li Qunrui , Hooper Travis , Nissen Mark S. , Xun Luying 
Published: November 2011

SummaryFurX is a tetrameric Zn‐dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) from Cupriavidus necator JMP134. The enzyme rapidly reduces furfural with NADH as the reducing power. For the first time among characterized ADHs, the high‐resolution structures of all reaction steps were obtained in a time‐resolved manner, thereby illustrating the complete catalytic events of NADH‐dependent reduction of furfural and the dynamic Zn2+ coordination among Glu66, water, substrate and product. In the fully closed conformation of the NADH complex, the catalytic turnover proved faster than observed for the partially closed conformation due to an effective proton transfer network. The domain motion triggered by NAD(H) association/dissociation appeared to facilitate dynamic interchanges in Zn2+ coordination with substrate and product molecules, ultimately increasing the enzymatic turnover rate. NAD+ dissociation appeared to be a slow process, involving multiple steps in concert with a domain opening and reconfiguration of Glu66. This agrees with the report that the cofactor is not dissociated from FurX during ethanol‐dependent reduction of furfural, in which ethanol reduces NAD+ to NADH that is subsequently used for furfural reduction.
Molecular analysis of the crenarchaeal flagellum
Authors: Lassak Kerstin , Neiner Tomasz , Ghosh Abhrajyoti , Klingl Andreas , Wirth Reinhard , Albers Sonja‐Verena 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThe ability to move towards favourable conditions provides fundamental advantages to organisms. Interestingly, flagella as motility structures evolved independently in the bacterial and the archaeal kingdom. Whereas bacterial flagella have been intensively studied, our knowledge regarding the archaeal counterpart is mostly restricted to Euryarchaeota rather than crenarchaeal flagella. We therefore investigated the flagellar assembly system of the crenarchaeal model organism Sulfolobus acidocaldarius in vivo. Promoter studies and qRT‐PCR analyses of the flagella gene cluster provided evidence that the expression of the fla genes was induced by tryptone starvation. Moreover, we confirmed presence of a secondary fla promoter within the flaB gene that regulates the transcription of downstream genes flaX‐J. Markerless in‐frame deletions for all fla genes encoded in the fla gene cluster were constructed. Western blot analysis of all fla deletion strains suggested hierarchical protein interactions during the archaeal flagella assembly. Moreover, functional analysis by thermomicroscopy revealed non‐motile cells for each of the mutant strains. Electron micrographs demonstrated that lack of motility coincided with the loss of flagellar assembly. Thus we demonstrated that all seven fla genes are essential for crenarchaeal flagellum assembly and function.
Epigenetic modifications in cancer
Authors: Kanwal R , Gupta S 
Published: November 2011

Kanwal R, Gupta S. Epigenetic modifications in cancer.Cancer initiation and progression is controlled by both genetic and epigenetic events. The complexity of carcinogenesis cannot be accounted for by genetic alterations alone but also involves epigenetic changes. Epigenetics refers to the study of mechanisms that alter gene expression without altering the primary DNA sequence. Epigenetic mechanisms are heritable and reversible, and include changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications and small noncoding microRNAs (miRNA). Disruption of epigenetic processes can lead to altered gene function and malignant cellular transformation. Aberrant epigenetic modifications probably occur at a very early stage in neoplastic development, and they are widely described as essential players in cancer progression. Recent advances in epigenetics offer a better understanding of the underlying mechanism(s) of carcinogenesis and provide insight into the discovery of putative cancer biomarkers for early detection, disease monitoring, prognosis, and risk assessment. In this review, we summarize the current literature on epigenetic changes causing genetic alterations that are thought to contribute to cancer, and discuss the potential impact of epigenetics future research.
Maternal effects and heritability of annual productivity
Authors: SCHROEDER J. , BURKE T. , MANNARELLI M.‐E. , DAWSON D. A. , NAKAGAWA S. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWithin‐individual consistency and among‐individual heterogeneity in fitness are prerequisites for selection to take place. Within‐individual variation in productivity between years, however, can vary considerably, especially when organisms become older and more experienced. We examine individual consistency in annual productivity, the covariation between survival and annual productivity, and the sources of variation in annual productivity, while accounting for advancing age, to test the individual‐quality and resource‐allocation life‐history theory hypotheses. We use long‐term data from a pedigreed, wild population of house sparrows. Within‐individual annual productivity first increased and later decreased with age, but there were no selective mortality due to individual quality and no correlation between lifespan and productivity. Individuals were consistent in their annual productivity (C = 0.49). Narrow‐sense heritability was low (h2 = 0.09), but maternal effects explained much of the variation (M = 0.33). Such effects can influence evolutionary processes and are of major importance for our understanding of how variation in fitness can be maintained.