bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Claims for improved survival from systemic corticosteroids in diverse conditions: an umbrella review
Authors: Contopoulos‐Ioannidis Despina G. , Ioannidis John P. A. 
Published: August 2011

Eur J Clin Invest 2012; 42 (3): 233–244AbstractBackground   Systemic corticosteroids have been proposed for numerous indications and there are many claims that corticosteroids can reduce mortality in diverse conditions.Methods   We performed an umbrella, agenda‐wide review of the evidence on systemic corticosteroids and mortality, focusing primarily on large trials (defined as those with > 100 deaths) and meta‐analyses. Searches were performed in PubMed and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (last update February 2011). We also examined whether spurious subset analyses may be responsible for claims of survival benefits in indications where only small trials had been available.Results   Among 257 identified randomized trials with mortality data in their abstract, we found 14 large trials pertaining to 10 different indications. Although 10 of these 14 trials have reported statistically significant survival differences in subset analyses, none shows a nominally statistically significant (P < 0·05) decrease in death risk for any of the tested conditions when all deaths on all randomized patients are analysed. Meta‐analyses for these conditions show statistically significant reductions in mortality only with antenatal corticosteroids for preterm labour (relative risk 0·77, 95% CI, 0·67–0·89) and in tuberculous meningitis (relative risk 0·78, 95% CI, 0·67–0·91). For conditions without any large trials, statistically significant reductions in mortality in meta‐analyses were noted for Pneumocystis pneumonia (relative risk 0·54, 95% CI, 0·38–0·79) and alcoholic hepatitis (relative risk 0·63, 95% CI, 0·50–0·80). Many small trials that claim significant benefits, even those for classic indications such as typhoid fever and tetanus, have shown these benefits only in subset analyses.Conclusions   Corticosteroids have been documented to decrease mortality in some indications, in particular, antenatal use for preterm labour, tuberculous meningitis, Pneumocystis pneumonia, and alcoholic hepatitis. Many postulated benefits of corticosteroids on mortality may reflect ‘vibration of treatment effects’ leading to false‐positive claims from spurious subset analyses and even for standard indications, such biases may have inflated the treatment effect estimates. More large trials are needed for serious, common conditions where use of corticosteroids is proposed.
A Condition Number for Non‐Rigid Shape Matching
Authors: Ovsjanikov Maks , Huang Qi‐Xing , Guibas Leonidas 
Published: August 2011

AbstractDespite the large amount of work devoted in recent years to the problem of non‐rigid shape matching, practical methods that can successfully be used for arbitrary pairs of shapes remain elusive. In this paper, we study the hardness of the problem of shape matching, and introduce the notion of the shape condition number, which captures the intuition that some shapes are inherently more difficult to match against than others. In particular, we make a connection between the symmetry of a given shape and the stability of any method used to match it while optimizing a given distortion measure. We analyze two commonly used classes of methods in deformable shape matching, and show that the stability of both types of techniques can be captured by the appropriate notion of a condition number. We also provide a practical way to estimate the shape condition number and show how it can be used to guide the selection of landmark correspondences between shapes. Thus we shed some light on the reasons why general shape matching remains difficult and provide a way to detect and mitigate such difficulties in practice.
Species Non-Exchangeability in Probabilistic Ecotoxicological Risk Assessment
Authors: Craig Peter S. , Hickey Graeme L. , Luttik Robert , Hart Andy 
Published: August 2011

SummaryCurrent ecotoxicological risk assessment for chemical substances is based on the assumption that tolerances of all species in a specified ecological community are a priori exchangeable for each new substance. We demonstrate non-exchangeability by using a large database of tolerances to pesticides for fish species and extend the standard statistical model for species tolerances to allow for the presence of a single species which is considered non-exchangeable with others. We show how to estimate parameters and adjust decision rules that are used in ecotoxicological risk management. Effects of parameter uncertainty are explored and our model is compared with a previously published less tractable alternative. We conclude that the model and decision rules that we propose are pragmatic compromises between conflicting needs for more realistic modelling and for straightforwardly applicable decision rules.
Reconnaissance surveys to assess sources of diffuse pollution in rural catchments in East Anglia, eastern England – implications for policy
Authors: Evans R. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractReconnaissance surveys were made to assess sources of diffuse pollution in the Wissey, Blyth, Little Ouse and Wensum catchments in East Anglia, eastern England. Water‐eroded fields and the state of watercourses, roads and tracks were noted and photographed along traverses made across the catchments. Volumes of soil moved were estimated. River nutrient concentrations and turbidity were examined. Nutrient enrichment of watercourses is mostly explained by effluent leaving small Sewage Treatment Works. Sediment in watercourses can come not only from eroded fields but also from roads and tracks and erosion of the channels themselves. Farmers and land managers are not the only ones who must be targeted to curtail enrichment and sedimentation of watercourses. Policy makers need to take such findings into account if water quality in East Anglia is to be improved. Exploratory surveys can indicate sources of pollutants and be a basis for further investigation or ameliorative action.
Changes in causes of low vision between 1988 and 2009 in a Dutch population of children
Authors: Boonstra Nienke , Limburg Hans , Tijmes Nel , van Genderen Maria , Schuil José , van Nispen Ruth 
Published: August 2011

Abstract.Purpose:  Causes of low vision in the Netherlands may have changed over time. The purpose of this study is to assess trends over the last two decades.Methods:  Socio‐demographic and medical data, including ophthalmic diagnosis and inheritance patterns for 2843 children with low vision (0–21 years; 50% representation) referred to a Dutch institute for low vision (Bartiméus) over a 21‐year period between 1988 and 2009, were included in the analysis. For the 19 most common diagnoses, inheritance and presence of mental impairment, trend analyses were performed with logistic regression models; odds ratios (OR) for a 10‐year time span were reported.Results:  Cerebral visual impairment (CVI) was found in 27.2% (97% mental impairment), albinism in 8.0%. Over time, nystagmus (6.6%; OR = 1.42), retinitis pigmentosa (2.9%; OR = 1.61), cone‐rod dystrophy (2.6%; OR = 1.98) and hyperopia (2.0%; OR = 3.66) increased significantly. Cataract (4.9%; OR = 0.64), aniridia (1.6%; OR = 0.42) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP; 2.0%; OR = 0.45) decreased significantly. There was a significant increase in genetic disorders (41.0%; OR = 1.49) and in co‐occurrence of mental impairment (52.2% OR = 1.16).Conclusion:  In the last two decades, treatable or preventable disorders (such as cataract and ROP) have become a less common cause of low vision in children. However, the prevalence of complex (genetic) and untreatable disorders (CVI) has taken its place, as a result of increased survival of preterm and low birth weight children and improved diagnostic possibilities. Knowledge of the prevalence of low vision, its causes and trends over time may help policy makers to define effective intervention strategies and to monitor its impact.
Recombination-Mediated Changes in Coreceptor Usage Confer an Augmented Pathogenic Phenotype in a Nonhuman Primate Model of HIV-1-Induced AIDS
Authors: Nishimura Yoshiaki , Shingai Masashi , Lee Wendy R. , Sadjadpour Reza , Donau Olivia K. , Willey Ronald , Brenchley Jason M. , Iyengar Ranjini , Buckler-White Alicia , Igarashi Tatsuhiko , Martin Malcolm A. 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACT

Evolution of the
env
gene in transmitted R5-tropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strains is the most widely accepted mechanism driving coreceptor switching. In some infected individuals, however, a shift in coreceptor utilization can occur as a result of the reemergence of a cotransmitted, but rapidly controlled, X4 virus. The latter possibility was studied by dually infecting rhesus macaques with X4 and R5 chimeric simian simian/human immunodeficiency viruses (SHIVs) and monitoring the replication status of each virus using specific primer pairs. In one of the infected monkeys, both SHIVs were potently suppressed by week 12 postinoculation, but a burst of viremia at week 51 was accompanied by an unrelenting loss of total CD4
+
T cells and the development of clinical disease. PCR analyses of plasma viral RNA indicated an
env
gene segment containing the V3 region from the inoculated X4 SHIV had been transferred into the genetic background of the input R5 SHIV by intergenomic recombination, creating an X4 virus with novel replicative, serological, and pathogenic properties. These results indicate that the effects of retrovirus recombination
in vivo
can be functionally profound and may even occur when one of the recombination participants is undetectable in the circulation as cell-free virus.
Mechanism of Action of a Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR)-δ Agonist on Lipoprotein Metabolism in Dyslipidemic Subjects with Central Obesity
Authors: Ooi Esther M. M. , Watts Gerald F. , Sprecher Dennis L. , Chan Dick C. , Barrett P. Hugh R. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractContext:Dyslipidemia increases the risk of cardiovascular disease in obesity. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-δ agonists decrease plasma triglycerides and increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol in humans.Objective:The aim of the study was to examine the effect of GW501516, a PPAR-δ agonist, on lipoprotein metabolism.Design, Setting, and Intervention:We conducted a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial of 6-wk intervention periods with placebo or GW501516 (2.5 mg/d), with 2-wk placebo washout between treatment periods.Participants:We recruited 13 dyslipidemic men with central obesity from the general community.Main Outcome Measures:We measured the kinetics of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-, intermediate-density lipoprotein-, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-apolipoprotein (apo) B-100, plasma apoC-III, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles (LpA-I and LpA-I:A-II).Results:GW501516 decreased plasma triglycerides, fatty acid, apoB-100, and apoB-48 concentrations. GW501516 decreased the concentrations of VLDL-apoB by increasing its fractional catabolism and of apoC-III by decreasing its production rate (P &lt; 0.05). GW501516 reduced VLDL-to-LDL conversion and LDL-apoB production. GW501516 increased HDL-cholesterol, apoA-II, and LpA-I:A-II concentrations by increasing apoA-II and LpA-I:A-II production (P &lt; 0.05). GW501516 decreased cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity, and this was paralleled by falls in the triglyceride content of VLDL, LDL, and HDL and the cholesterol content of VLDL and LDL.Conclusions:GW501516 increased the hepatic removal of VLDL particles, which might have resulted from decreased apoC-III concentration. GW501516 increased apoA-II production, resulting in an increased concentration of LpA-I:A-II particles. This study elucidates the mechanism of action of this PPAR-δ agonist on lipoprotein metabolism and supports its potential use in treating dyslipidemia in obesity.
Relaxed SiGe Layers with High Ge Content by Compliant Substrates
Authors: Yin H. , Peterson R.L. , Hobart K.D. , Shieh S.R. , Duffy T.S. , Sturm J.C. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractRelaxed, high Ge content SiGe layers have been realized using stress balance on acompliant borophosphorosilicate glass (BPSG). A 30-nm fully-strained Si0.7Ge0.3 layer wastransferred onto a 1 μm BPSG film by wafer-bonding and Smart-cutρ processes, after which thecontinuous Si0.7Ge0.3 film was patterned into small islands to allow for lateral expansion. Afterthe strain in Si0.7Ge0.3 islands was released by the lateral expansion resulting from the flow of theBPSG, a Si0.4Ge0.6 layer was commensurately deposited under compression. Upon equilibriumafter an annealing, stress balance was formed between the SiGe films, resulting in a larger inplanelattice constant than that of relaxed Si0.7Ge0.3. With a thiner (6 nm) Si0.7Ge0.3 starting film,an in-plane lattice constant equivalent to fully-relaxed Si0.45Ge0.55 has been obtained.
Magneto-Optic Materials for Integrated Applications
Authors: Sung Sang-Yeob , Kim Na-Hyoung , Stadler Bethanie J.H 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAll of the materials necessary for integrated isolators were grown and the application of 2D photonic crystal structures to isolators has been explored. Magnetooptical garnets were grown monolithically by reactive rf sputtering. MgO was used as a substrate because it will useful for future buffer layers and optical claddings. The chemical, structural, and optical properties of the resulting films were analyzed. In order to incorporate photonic crystal structures into the magneto-optic integration scheme, we have calculated a range of radii and spacings necessary to fabricate YIG/air structures with 2D photonic bandgaps using an advanced plane-wave expansion technique. Selfassembled alumina nanostructures have been grown with similar symmetries as those calculated, namely hexagonal close-packed pores. These nanostructures were grown onto semiconductor and oxide substrates in order to demonstrate their use as RIE masks in fabricating photonic crystals. The nanostructures can also be transferred into YIG using separate alumina masks. However, the actual structures grown in this work were smaller than those required for telecommunications due to power supply limitations. For biasing the magneto-optical elements, sputtering was used to monolithically integrate permanent SmCo magnet films using semiconductor-friendly processing. These magnets were sufficient for biasing our magneto-optical waveguides. The chemical, structural and magnetic properties of these materials, as well as total integration with SiO2 cladding layers were analyzed.
Periodontal Status of Adults With Systemic Sclerosis: Case‐Control Study
Authors: Leung W. Keung , Chu Chun Hung , Mok Mo Yin , Yeung K.W. Shadow , Ng Sam K.S. 
Published: August 2011

Background: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a systemic autoimmune disease that affects connective tissue in the skin, blood vessels, and major organs of the body. This project aims to compare the periodontal status of dentate Hong Kong Chinese with and without SSc.Methods: Thirty‐six non‐smoking adults with SSc (one male and 35 females: aged 50.6 ± 11.7 years; free from Sjögren syndrome) attending a teaching hospital were age‐ and sex‐matched to systemically healthy controls attending a dental hospital. Both groups had similar demographic characteristics but a lower proportion of patients with SSc were working or studying (P <0.05). Twenty‐three (32%) of all participants were regular dental attendees. Orthopantomogram radiographs were taken. Participants were surveyed and periodontally examined.Results: Both groups had a similar number of erupted teeth, proportion of sites with detectable plaque, and mean full‐mouth clinical attachment level, whereas controls had less bleeding on probing (49.3% ± 22.6% versus 78.4% ± 19.6%; P <0.001) and a shallower mean full‐mouth probing depth (1.92 ± 0.44 mm versus 2.52 ± 0.58 mm; P <0.001). Radiographically, patients with SSc had wider periodontal ligament spaces (0.36 ± 0.06 mm versus 0.33 ± 0.03 mm; P <0.01).Conclusions: Hong Kong Chinese adults with SSc seem to exhibit higher levels of periodontal inflammation and wider radiographic periodontal ligament spaces than age‐ and sex‐matched controls. Future studies are warranted to further investigate any associations between these periodontal features and SSc.
Genomic and EST microsatellite markers for Aquilegia flabellata and cross‐amplification in A. oxysepala (Ranunculaceae)
Authors: Li Lin‐Feng , Di Pang  , Liao Qiang‐Lan , Xiao Hong‐Xing 
Published: August 2011

•Premise of the study: The goal of this study was to identify genomic and expressed sequence tag (EST)‐derived microsatellite markers from the species Aquilegia flabellata and assess their transferability in A. oxysepala.•Methods and Results: Eleven genomic and nine EST‐derived microsatellite loci were characterized in A. flabellata. These microsatellite primers amplified 66 alleles in all 20 loci. The observed heterozygosity (HO) for each population ranged from 0.00 to 0.94.•Conclusions: All of the 20 loci were successfully amplified in A. oxysepala. These genomic and EST‐derived microsatellite markers will be useful in further genetic structure, speciation, and adaptive evolution studies.
Deutschlands erster Unterwassertunnel in Caisson‐Bauweise in Berlin‐Friedrichshagen Michael Braun
Authors: Braun Michael 
Published: August 2011

AbstractDen Südosten Berlins durchzieht die Spree seit jeher wie ein trennendes Band. Brückenübergänge gibt es im Ortsteil Köpenick, östlich dann erst nach reichlich 10 km wieder in der Umlandgemeinde Erkner. Störend war dieser Umstand insbesondere im dazwischen gelegenen Friedrichshagen, wo an dem sogenannten Spree‐Gemünde stets ein Übergang zum jenseitigen Ufer mit seinen Ausflugsgaststätten erwünscht, andererseits die Stelle wegen der Spreeenge dafür auch in besonderer Weise prädestiniert war.Viele Jahre lang hatte eine Ketten‐Fähre die Ausflügler übergesetzt, maximal 265 pro Fahrt. An Sommertagen mit bis zu 40000 Aspiranten eine langwierige Angelegenheit. Pläne für eine feste Verbindung beider Ufer hatte es wohl gegeben. Schon vor 1914 plante man z. B. einen Tunnel. Die Planungen indes waren durch den Krieg zunächst Makulatur geblieben. Bis mindestens 1924 war auch eine Brücke erörtert worden, in der Art, wie die nach dem Emperger‐Verfahren in der Nähe der Stralauer Bucht gebaute Abteibrücke [1]. Diese hätte zum Erreichen einer angemessenen Durchfahrthöhe für Schiffe enorm lange Rampen erfordert und fand deshalb weder das Wohlwollen der städtischen Behörden noch der Schiffahrt. Seit der Stabilisierung der Wirtschaftsverhältnisse nach Krieg und Inflation erst konnte einer Veränderung näher getreten werden.Inzwischen hatte sich die Variante Tunnel verfestigt. Was seine herausgehobene Position ausmachen sollte, war dessen erstmalige Bauart in Deutschland. Nicht wie bislang üblich in offenem Bauverfahren sollte dieser Unterwassertunnel entstehen, sondern in der diesbezüglich neuen Caisson‐Bauweise. Das hieß, die 120 m lange Unterführung sollte im Trockenen fertiggestellt, dann – zwar in zwei Hälften – komplett versenkt werden. Eine bestechende, aber möglicherweise riskante Methode, denn sie war in Deutschland bis dahin lediglich bei Brückenpfeilern angewendet worden [2].
A biographical sketch of Johannes Jessenius: 410th anniversary of his Prague dissection
Authors: Kachlik David , Vichnar David , Musil Vladimir , Kachlikova Dana , Szabo Kristian , Stingl Josef 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis article focuses on Johannes Jessenius (Ján Jesenský) (1566‐1621), with particular attention paid to his famous Prague dissection and its publication (2011 marking its 410th anniversary). Jessenius was a physician, surgeon, anatomist, scholar, philosopher, and university authority. We focus on the life and main contribution of Jessenius based on his 1600 Prague dissection, the Anatomiae, Pragae (1601). Borovanský described Jessenius' book as “not as a textbook, but as a publication aiming at educated laymen with the purpose of advertising, filled with quotations of old classical authors.” This work presents an important part of the Central European scientific, cultural, and political life of the late Renaissance period. Clin. Anat. 25:149–154, 2012. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The development of quantitative methods using virtual models for the measurement of tooth wear
Authors: Lee Seung‐Pyo , Nam Shin‐Eun , Lee Yoo‐Mee , Park Young‐Seok , Hayashi Kazuo , Lee Jai‐Bong 
Published: August 2011

AbstractTooth wear is an unavoidable process associated with aging. Currently, virtual three‐dimensional dental models are widely used and provide an advantage for studying tooth wear. However, there are no wear assessment parameters using virtual tooth models for the quantitative analysis of wear. Therefore, the aim of this study is to develop and evaluate quantitative wear measurement parameters. Ninety maxillary and mandibular dental casts were prepared and rendered as virtual three‐dimensional models. For qualitative wear scoring, Hooper's new tooth wear index (NTWI) was used. For quantitative wear measurement, virtual vectors and occlusal planes were generated with reference points. Angles, height, and distance parameters were measured from reference points, vectors or planes. Intra‐ and interobserver reproducibility was determined for NTWI scoring and quantitative measurements. Quantitatively measurements for all parameters were subgrouped according to age groups and NTWI score groups. The mean and standard deviation were calculated for each group. One‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and the coefficients test were performed on the groups. Overall, intra‐ and interobserver reproducibility was good for both qualitative and quantitative measurement. In the ANOVA test, angle and height parameters showed significant differences between groups, whereas distance parameters did not. Similar results were observed in the coefficients test. However, plane heights and lingual side measurement parameters of the mandible are not recommended. In conclusion, this study indicates that all angle or height parameters of the maxilla and angle or vector height parameters of the buccal side of the mandible can be used as meaningful parameters in a quantitative wear study. Clin. Anat. 25:347–358, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Organic—Inorganic Hybrid Oxyfluorotitanate [Hgua]2·(Ti5O5F12) as a Transparent UV Filter.
Authors: Lhoste J. , Rocquefelte X. , Adil K. , Dessapt R. , Jobic S. , Leblanc M. , Maisonneuve V. , Bujoli‐Doeuff M. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract[(NH2)2C=NH2] 2Ti5O5F12 is synthesized by microwave‐assisted solvothermal reaction of TiF4 and [(NH2)2C=NH]·HCl (EtOH, microwaves, autoclave, 190 °C, 1 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Halopalladation Cyclization of Alkynes with Azides: Selective Synthesis of 4‐Haloisoquinolines and 3‐Haloindoles.
Authors: Zhang Hong‐Ping , Yu Shang‐Ci , Liang Yun , Peng Peng , Tang Bo‐Xiao , Li Jin‐Heng 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis selective halopalladation annulation protocol for the synthesis of halo‐substituted heterocycles can be applied by judicious choice of alkynyl azides and reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Indium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Furans and Pyrroles via Cyclization of α‐Propargyl‐β‐keto Esters.
Authors: Tsuji Hayato , Yamagata Ken‐ichi , Ueda Yasuyuki , Nakamura Eiichi 
Published: August 2011

AbstractCycloisomerization of α‐propargyl‐β‐keto esters (I),(III), and (V) and their imine analogues leads to trisubstituted furans (II) and (IV) and pyrroles (VII) and (IX),resp.
ChemInform Abstract: Radical‐Transfer Hydroamination of Olefins with N‐Aminated Dihydropyridines.
Authors: Chou Chih‐Ming , Guin Joyram , Mueck‐Lichtenfeld Christian , Grimme Stefan , Studer Armido 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA series of aminated dihydropyridines (III) is synthesized which are not accessible by other known methods.