bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Ration on Growth and Reproductive Investment from Larva to Sexual Maturity in the Female Cyprinid Minnow, Tanichthys albonubes
Authors: Zeng Xiangling , Lin Xiaoto , Xu Zhongneng , Xia Xinjian , Sun Jun 
Published: February 2012

AbstractSomatic growth and reproductive investment in female Tanichthys albonubes (Cyprinidae) individually cultured at the laboratory from larva to sexual maturity were examined under low, medium, and satiation food rations. All the 72‐day post‐hatch fish reached sexual maturity under all rations. The standard length, wet body mass, dry ovarian mass, dry liver mass, condition factor, energy content, and number of vitellogenic oocytes were all increased with ration levels. However, food conversion efficiency decreased with ration. There were no significant differences in total number of oocytes per female between rations. The species is a continuous batch‐spawner. The size‐frequency distributions of oocyte diameters showed a continuous pattern, ranging from 0.03 to 0.70 mm, at different rations. The proportion of energy intake allocated to growth decreased with ration levels. Only 3.29–4.60% of energy intake was stored in the ovary. These biological and energetic characteristics allow this fish to reach first maturity with low food intake, although it produced fewer vitellogenic oocytes at lower rations. This property enables T. albonubes survive in its native habitats where food is not only scarce, but also variable temporally and spatially. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Quantitative evaluation of the role of cysteine and methionine residues in the antioxidant activity of human serum albumin using recombinant mutants
Authors: Iwao Yasunori , Ishima Yu , Yamada Junji , Noguchi Taishi , Kragh‐Hansen Ulrich , Mera Katsumi , Honda Daisuke , Suenaga Ayaka , Maruyama Toru , Otagiri Masaki 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe importance of cysteine (Cys) and methionine (Met) residues for the antioxidant activity of human serum albumin (HSA) was investigated using recombinant HSA mutants, in which Cys34 and/or the six Met residues had been mutated to Ala. The scavenging activities of the mutants against five reactive oxygen and nitrogen species were evaluated by a chemiluminescence assay, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, or a HPLC‐flow reactor assay. Our results showed that the contributions of Cys34 and the Met residues to the antioxidant activity of HSA were 61% and 29% against O2
•−, 68% and 61% against H2O2, 38% and 6% against HO•, 36% and 13% against HOCl, and 51% and 1% against •NO, respectively. Thus, the findings propose in a direct way that Cys34 plays a more important role than the Met residues in the antioxidant activity of HSA. © 2012 IUBMB Life, 2012
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy attenuates neuropathic hyperalgesia in rats and idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia in patients
Authors: Gu N. , Niu J.‐Y. , Liu W.‐T. , Sun Y.‐Y. , Liu S. , Lv Y. , Dong H.‐L. , Song X.‐J. , Xiong L.‐Z. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackground:Neuropathic pain after nerve injury is severe and intractable, and current drug and non‐drug therapies offer very limited pain relief. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO
2) has been clinically used for protection of the nervous system after acute injury. We investigated whether HBO
2 treatment could prevent and/or attenuate neuropathic pain in animals and in patients.Methods:Mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia and neurochemical alterations of neuropathic pain were analysed in male, adult, Sprague‐Dawley rats with sciatic nerve injury. Clinical trials were conducted in patients with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia.Results:Repetitive HBO
2 treatment [a combination of pressure at 3 atmosphere absolute (ATA) and pure oxygen] greatly inhibited behavioural signs of neuropathic pain manifested as thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia. Such an HBO
2 treatment also inhibited nerve injury‐induced induction of c‐Fos and activation of astrocytes and increased phosphorylation of NR2B receptor and the subsequent Ca
2+‐dependent signals in rats. Neither high pressure (up to 3 ATA) nor pure oxygen alone resulted in analgesic effect. In clinical trials, one course of HBO
2 therapy (10 consecutive days) produced a rapid‐onset, dose‐dependent and long‐lasting analgesic effects evidenced by the decreased doses of carbamazepine required for keeping patient pain at a minimum and decreased scores of visual analogue scales, which was used for patient's self‐evaluation.Conclusions:These findings support that HBO
2 therapy is an effective approach for treating neuropathic pain in both animals and human beings and suggest that neural protection, anti‐inflammation and inhibition of nerve injury‐induced altered neural activity may contribute to the analgesic effect of HBO
2 therapy.
Cannabinoids and muscular pain. Effectiveness of the local administration in rat
Authors: Sánchez Robles E. Ma , Bagües Arias A. , Martín Fontelles Ma I. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackground:Pain associated with musculoskeletal disorders can be difficult to control and the incorporation of new approaches for its treatment is an interesting challenge. Activation of cannabinoid (CB) receptors decreases nociceptive transmission in acute, inflammatory and neuropathic pain states; however, although the use of cannabis derivatives has been recently accepted as a useful alternative for the treatment of spasticity and pain in patients with multiple sclerosis, the effects of CB receptor agonists in muscular pain have hardly been studied.Methods:Here, we characterized the antinociceptive effect of non selective and selective CB agonists by systemic and local administration, in two muscular models of pain, masseter and gastrocnemius, induced by hypertonic saline (HS) injection. Drugs used were: the non‐selective agonist WIN 55,212‐2 and two selective agonists, ACEA (CB
1) and JWH 015 (CB
2); AM 251 (CB
1) and AM 630 (CB
2) were used as selective antagonists.Results:In the masseter pain model, both systemic (intraperitoneal) and local (intramuscular) administration of CB
1 and CB
2 agonists reduced the nociceptive behaviour induced by HS, whereas in the gastrocnemius model the local administration was more effective than systemic.Conclusions:Our results provide evidence that both, CB
1 and CB
2 receptors can contribute to muscular antinociception and, interestingly, suggest that the local administration of CB agonists could be a new and useful pharmacological strategy in the treatment of muscular pain, avoiding adverse effects induced by systemic administration.
Distinctiveness of long‐term pain that does not interfere with life: An observational cohort study
Authors: Jordan K.P. , Sim J. , Moore A. , Bernard M. , Richardson J. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundReporting of pain that does not interfere with life is common in the older population but little is known about people with such long‐term non‐interfering pain.ObjectivesTo assess whether non‐interfering pain can be a long‐term state, and to compare this group with those who continuously report no pain, and with those with chronic pain that interferes with life.MethodsThis was a prospective general population cohort study set within the North Staffordshire Osteoarthritis Project (NorStOP). People aged 50 plus were sent baseline, 3‐year and 6‐year questionnaires. Those who reported the same pain status (no pain, non‐interfering pain, interfering pain) at each time point were compared on pain intensity, widespread pain and medication, and on sociodemographic and co‐morbid characteristics at 6 years.ResultsForty percent of responders reported the same pain status at each time point; 12% reported long‐term non‐interfering pain. Fifty‐nine percent of those with non‐interfering pain reported at least one site of high pain intensity, 33% reported widespread pain, and 90% had used pain medication in the past 4 weeks. This group was similar to the no‐pain group but distinct on sociodemographic and co‐morbid measures from those with pain that interfered.ConclusionsLong‐term non‐interfering pain is common, but despite often suffering from high pain intensity and widespread pain, those within this group seem to be able to control their pain without allowing it to affect their everyday lives. Future work is needed to assess how people with long‐term pain ensure it does not cause interference with life.
Empathy for pain: The effects of prior experience and sex
Authors: Preis M.A. , Kroener‐Herwig B. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackground:Empathy is considered as both a characteristic trait and a variable state. The present experiment examined whether or not prior exposure to pain, perceived similarity, sex and attributed pain intensity are associated with state empathy for pain.Methods:The state empathy of students (38 female, 42 male) in response to pictures displaying exposure to pressure pain was measured via self‐reports, using a newly developed state empathy scale with the two subscales of ‘emotional response’ and ‘perspective taking’. Physiological responses were also recorded. Half of the participants were exposed to pressure pain prior to the experiment. Perceived similarity to the person being exposed to pain and their estimated pain intensity were assessed.Results:The results revealed that perceived similarity and sex were significantly related to the emotional dimension of empathy. This sex difference was partially mediated by the estimated intensity of pain. Women rated the intensity of pain more highly and achieved higher scores on the emotional response subscale. Exposure to pain predicted empathy on the perspective‐taking subscale, resulting in higher scores when the subject had been exposed to the same pain stimulus. The physiological recordings did not correlate with any of the empathy scores.Conclusions:Greater degrees of perceived similarity, being female and higher estimated pain were linked to a stronger ‘emotional reaction’, whereas previous exposure to pain facilitated ‘perspective taking’. Pointing out similarities between people and their past experiences, as well as focusing on the imagined discomfort being felt by another person, may modulate empathy for pain.
Osteocyte RANKL: New insights into the control of bone remodeling
Authors: Xiong Jinhu , O'Brien Charles A 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
The idea that osteoblasts, or their progenitors, support osteoclast formation by expressing the cytokine receptor activator of NFkB ligand (RANKL) is a widely held tenet of skeletal biology. Two recent studies provide evidence that osteocytes, and not osteoblasts or their progenitors, are the major source of RANKL driving osteoclast formation in cancellous bone. The goal of this review is to highlight the results of these new studies and discuss their implications for our understanding of bone remodeling. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Digital storage cost savings: Three key areas
Authors: Fanning Kurt , Drogt Emily , Grant Rita 
Published: February 2012

AbstractStoring documents in digital form—as opposed to using paper documents—has long been touted as a way to save money. But the cost in time and labor to scan paper documents into digital format has often been a problem. So what's the most practical way to save money by using digital storage? The authors discuss three areas that are ripe for cost savings: e‐discovery compliance, website content management, and collaborative document storage. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Integrating sustainability into corporate DNA
Authors: Bell Jan , Soybel Virginia E. , Turner Robert M. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe term sustainability covers a broad set of issues. As a result, each organization has to identify specific issues that it can effectively address and that are relevant to its industries, markets, geographic locations, and stakeholders. But if an organization fails to focus on a reasonable number of organization‐wide commitments, resources will be scattered and fail to yield significant value to the company. This article provides advice on how to deploy sustainability using change management techniques and examples from industry. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
MINING FDI AND INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT ON AFRICA'S EAST COAST: EXAMINING THE RECENT EXPERIENCE OF TANZANIA AND MOZAMBIQUE
Authors: Robbins Glen , Perkins David 
Published: February 2012

AbstractSince the turn of the century, Tanzania and Mozambique have emerged in Africa's foreign direct investment stakes as leading performers. In both countries, the demands placed on infrastructure to enable these investments have presented some significant challenges. Caught amid high debt, low state revenue and weak capacity, the performance of infrastructure has been widely reported as a constraint to growth. Lessons learned from how these countries have responded to these challenges provide some insight as to the degree to which potential synergies can be crafted around inflows of mining‐related foreign direct investment and enhancements to the infrastructure networks. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Serum microRNA‐21 is a novel biomarker in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Kurashige Junji , Kamohara Hidenobu , Watanabe Masayuki , Tanaka Youhei , Kinoshita Koichi , Saito Seiya , Hiyoshi Yukiharu , Iwatsuki Masaaki , Baba Yoshifumi , Baba Hideo 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundIt was recently revealed that microRNAs (miRNAs) can stably exist in serum and may affect the pathogenesis of several diseases. However, there are few reports that have demonstrated the significance of miRNAs in the serum of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Thus, the aims of this study were to clarify the status of miRNA‐21 in serum of ESCC patients and to reveal the usefulness of this molecule as a biomarker.MethodsWe measured the miRNA‐21 levels in serum samples from 71 ESCC patients and 39 healthy controls by using real‐time RT‐PCR. We also evaluated the changes in the miRNA‐21 level during operation and chemotherapy.ResultsWe found that serum concentration of miRNA‐21 in ESCC patients was significantly higher than that in healthy controls (P < 0.001). A significant reduction in the serum miR‐21 levels was observed in the postoperative samples versus the preoperative samples (P = 0.003). Furthermore, miRNA‐21 levels were significantly reduced in ESCC patients who responded to chemotherapy (P = 0.003), whereas no significant change was observed in the non‐responders.ConclusionSerum miRNA‐21 is considered to be a novel biomarker for diagnosing ESCC, and it can also be used as a response marker during chemotherapy for ESCC patients. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 106:188–192. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Does non‐curative gastrectomy improve survival in patients with metastatic gastric cancer?
Authors: Kokkola Arto , Louhimo Johanna , Puolakkainen Pauli 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe role of non‐curative or palliative gastrectomy remains controversial. Our aim was to compare retrospective patients who have undergone non‐curative gastrectomy to the patients with surgical exploration only.MethodsBetween years 2000 and 2009, 488 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma were treated at the Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital. Fifty‐five patients had metastatic disease but their symptoms were not severe enough to require palliative surgery. Thirty‐two of them underwent operative exploration (Group A), and 23 non‐curative gastrectomy (Group B). All operations were initiated with curative intent.ResultsThe difference in median survival between Groups A and B was insignificant (5.7 months in Group A and 10.8 months in Group B, P = 0.152). However, 33 patients with postoperative chemotherapy had significantly better median survival than the others (14.2 months vs. 1.9 months, P < 0.001). No significant differences were observed between Groups A and B in the rate of late postoperative gastrointestinal obstruction or bleeding.ConclusionsNon‐curative gastrectomy does not improve survival in patients with metastatic gastric cancer, nor reduces the rate of late occlusions. There is no need for prophylactic palliative gastrectomy in patients with gastric cancer who do not have bleeding or obstruction preoperatively. Among those patients, postoperative chemotherapy seems to improve survival. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 106:193–196. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Analysis of p16INK4A expression of oral squamous cell carcinomas in Taiwan: Prognostic correlation without relevance to betel quid consumption
Authors: Chen Ya‐Wei , Kao Shou‐Yen , Yang Muh‐Hwa 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjectivesIn this study, we examined the role of p16INK4A, a surrogate biomarker of HPV‐related head and neck cancers with better prognosis, in an endemic area of betel quid (BQ)‐related oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).Methodsp16INK4A immunohistochemistry was examined in 165 OSCCs, statistical analyses were performed to elucidate the correlation between p16INK4A expression and BQ habits/pathologic features, and the prognostic impact of p16INK4A and different parameters were analyzed.ResultsThe incidence of p16INK4A expression was similar between BQ chewers and non‐chewers. p16INK4A expression was significantly associated with nodal metastasis (P = 0.005). There was a trend suggesting that the loss of p16INK4A expression was more frequent in higher T stages, however, this was found only in patients without lymph node metastasis (P = 0.059). A poorer prognosis and a higher risk of tumor recurrence were found in OSCCs without p16INK4A expression. (The HR for cancer‐specific mortality and cancer recurrence was 3.55 and 1.89, respectively.)ConclusionAlthough it has been suggested that BQ chewers had a greater tendency toward tumor recurrence and poor outcome, our data demonstrated that p16INK4A expression is unrelated to BQ habit and that p16INK4A downregulation is a strong predictor for OSCC progression, recurrence and survival in Taiwan. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 106:149–154. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Teachers' experiences supporting children after traumatic exposure
Authors: Alisic Eva , Bus Marissa , Dulack Wendel , Pennings Lenneke , Splinter Jessica 
Published: February 2012

AbstractTeachers can be instrumental in supporting children's recovery after trauma, but some work suggests that elementary school teachers are uncertain about their role and about what to do to assist children effectively after their students have been exposed to traumatic stressors. This study examined the extent to which teachers working with children from ages 8 to 12 years report similar concerns. A random sample of teachers in the Netherlands (N = 765) completed a questionnaire that included 9 items measuring difficulties on a 6‐point Likert scale (potential range of total scores: 9–54). The mean total difficulty score was 29.8 (ranging from 10 to 50; SD = 7.37). On individual items, the fraction of teachers scoring 4 or more varied between 25 and 63%. A multiple regression analysis showed that teachers' total scores depended on amount of teaching experience, attendance at trauma‐focused training, and the number of traumatized children they had worked with. The model explained 4% of the variance, a small effect. Because traumatic exposure in children is rather common, the findings point to a need to better understand what influences teachers' difficulties and develop trauma‐informed practice in elementary schools.
Multiple traumas, postelection violence, and posttraumatic stress among impoverished Kenyan youth
Authors: Harder Valerie S. , Mutiso Victoria N. , Khasakhala Lincoln I. , Burke Heather M. , Ndetei David M. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractResearch on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among youth has focused on specific subgroups from developed countries. Most of the world's youth and war‐like violence, however, is concentrated in developing countries, yet there is limited mental health data within affected countries. This study focused on a random community‐based sample of 552 impoverished youth ages 6–18 within an informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya, which experienced war‐like violence for a month following the contested presidential election of 2007. Six months after the violence ended, 99 (18%) had PTSD according to the UCLA PTSD Reaction Index (Steinberg, Brymer, Decker, & Pynoos, 2004), and an additional 18 (3%) were found to have partial PTSD due to high overall scores. Kenyan psychologists conducted diagnostic interviews and found the positive predictive value of the assessment tool to be 72% in this sample; the confirmed prevalence was 12%. Similar to other studies worldwide, Criterion C (avoidance) was the limiting factor for diagnosing PTSD according to the DSM‐IV‐TR, and parent–child agreement was at best fair. The number of traumatic experiences was strongly associated with PTSD outcomes. Differences due to age or sex were not found. The findings indicate the need for universal mental health services for trauma‐exposed youth and their families in the impoverished informal settlements of Nairobi, Kenya.
Folate‐Conjugated Poly(N‐(2‐hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide)‐block‐Poly(benzyl methacrylate): Synthesis, Self‐Assembly, and Drug Release
Authors: Wei Chuan , Wu Keyi , Li Jumei , Ma Wanfu , Guo Jia , Hu Jun , Wang Changchun 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWell‐defined amphiphilic diblock copolymers of poly(N‐(2‐hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide)‐block‐poly(benzyl methacrylate) (PHPMA‐b‐PBnMA) are synthesized using reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. The terminal dithiobenzoate groups are converted into carboxylic acids. The copolymers self‐assemble into micelles with a PBnMA core and PHPMA shell. Their mean size is <30 nm, and can be regulated by the length of the hydrophilic chain. The compatibility between the hydrophobic segment and the drug doxorubicin (DOX) affords more interaction of the cores with DOX. Fluorescence spectra are used to determine the critical micelle concentration of the folate‐conjugated amphiphilic block copolymer. Dynamic light scattering measurements reveal the stability of the micelles with or without DOX. Drug release experiments show that the DOX‐loaded micelles are stable under simulated circulation conditions and the DOX can be quickly released under acidic endosome pH.
New limiting real interpolation methods and their connection with the methods associated to the unit square
Authors: Cobos Fernando , Fernández‐Cabrera Luz M. , Silvestre Pilar 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWe study limit K‐spaces for general Banach couples, not necessarily ordered. They correspond to the extreme choice θ = 0, 1 in the realization of the real method as a K‐space. We also show the connection of these limit spaces with interpolation methods defined by the unit square.