bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Untersuchungen zur Wärmeleitung von Vollholz und Werkstoffen auf Vollholzbasis, wesentliche Einflussfaktoren
Authors: Niemz Peter , Sonderegger Walter 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAn Fichtenvollholz und Massivholzplatten sowie an massiven Wandelementen aus Fichtenholz mit variablem Aufbau wurde die Wärmeleitfähigkeit gemessen.Bei Vollholz ist ein gewisser Einfluss der Jahrringlage (radial‐tangential) sowie ein deutlicher des Faser‐Last‐Winkels (LR, LT) vorhanden. Die Wärmeleitzahl von Massivholzplatten mit statistisch regelloser Orientierung der Jahrringlage ist geringer als die von Vollholz radial oder tangential. Geringe Hohlräume in der Mittellage (z. B. Schlitze zum Spannungsabbau) bewirken eine Reduzierung der Wärmeleitzahl. Die Wärmeleitzahl steigt mit zunehmender Temperatur und Holzfeuchte an. Bei mehrschichtigen Wandelementen auf Vollholzbasis ist ein Einfluss der Schichtenanzahl, der Jahrringlage sowie der Hohlräume zwischen den Lagen zu beobachten. Ein in der Mittellage vorhandener Hohlraumanteil bewirkt eine Reduzierung der Wärmeleitzahl. Kommt es allerdings infolge der Hohlraumgestaltung zur Konvektion, steigt die Wärmeleitzahl wieder an. Mechanische Verbindungselemente (Dübel aus Laubholz hoher Dichte) senkrecht zur Plattenebene bewirken einen geringen Anstieg der Wärmeleitzahl. Die ermittelten Kennwerte für den Einfluss von Jahrringlage, Faser‐Last‐Winkel, Dichte und Holzfeuchte ermöglichen eine rechnerische Vorausbestimmung der Wärmeleitzahl von Materialverbunden.Thermal conductivity from solid wood and solid wood materials, important parameters. The thermal conductivity was measured on spruce wood, solid wood panels, as well as massive wood walls with a variable structure. In solid wood a slight influence of the growth ring position (radial‐tangential) and a considerable influence of the fibre‐load‐angle (LR, LT) was observed. In contrast to solid wood in radial and tangential direction solid wood panels with an irregular orientation of the growth rings have a lower thermal conductivity. Marginal holes in the middle layer (e.g. slits to reduce strains) cause a decrease of the values. With increasing temperature and moisture content the thermal conductivity has been rising. Multi‐layered wood elements of solid wood show an influence of the number of layers, the growth ring position and holes between the layers. The thermal conductivity is reduced by presenting holes in the middle layer. However, this effect reverses if the holes cause convection. The values also increase a little if mechanical bond elements perpendicular to panel pane such as dowels made of hardwood with a high density are used. The determined parameters about the influence of the position of growth rings, the fibre‐load‐angle, density and moisture content render the possibility to calculate the thermal conductivity of material combinations by using different computer programs.
Treatment of cotton with an alkaline Bacillus spp cellulase: Activity towards crystalline cellulose
Authors: Caparrós Cristina , López Carmen , Torrell Marc , Lant Neil , Smets Johan , Cavaco‐Paulo Artur 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe analysed the influence of several enzymatic treatment processes using an alkaline cellulase enzyme from Bacillus spp. on the sorption properties of cotton fabrics. Although cellulases are commonly applied in detergent formulations due to their anti‐redeposition and depilling benefits, determining the mechanism of action of alkaline cellulases on cotton fibres requires a deeper understanding of the morphology and structure of cotton fibres in terms of fibre cleaning. The accessibility of cellulose fibres was studied by evaluating the iodine sorption value and by fluorescent‐labelled enzyme microscopy; the surface morphology of fabrics was analysed by scanning microscopy. The action of enzyme hydrolysis over short time periods can produce fibrillation on cotton fibre surface without any release of cellulosic material. The results indicate that several short consecutive treatments were more effective in increasing the fibre accessibility than one long treatment. In addition, no detectable hydrolytic activity, in terms of reducing sugar production, was found.
Residual DNA analysis in biologics development: Review of measurement and quantitation technologies and future directions
Authors: Wang Xing , Morgan Donna M. , Wang Gan , Mozier Ned M. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractResidual DNA (rDNA) is comprised of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragments and longer length molecules originating from the host organism that may be present in samples from recombinant biological processes. Although similar in basic structural base pair units, rDNA may exist in different sizes and physical forms. Interest in measuring rDNA in recombinant products is based primarily on demonstration of effective purification during manufacturing, but also on some hypothetical concerns that, in rare cases, depending on the host expression system, some DNA sequences may be potentially infectious or oncogenic (e.g., HIV virus and the Ras oncogene, respectively). Recent studies suggest that a sequence known as long interspersed nucleotide element‐1 (LINE‐1), widely distributed in the mammalian genome, is active as a retrotransposon that can be transcribed to RNA, reverse‐transcribed into DNA and inserts into a new site in genome. This integration process could potentially disrupt critical gene functions or induce tumorigenesis in mammals. Genomic DNA from microbial sources, on the other hand, could add to risk of immunogenicity to the target recombinant protein being expressed, due to the high CpG content and unmethylated DNA sequence. For these and other reasons, it is necessary for manufacturers to show clearance of DNA throughout production processes and to confirm low levels in the final drug substance using an appropriately specific and quantitative analytical method. The heterogeneity of potential rDNA sequences that might be makes the testing of all potential analytes challenging. The most common methodology for rDNA quantitation used currently is real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), a robust and proven technology. Like most rDNA quantitation methods, the specificity of RT‐PCR is limited by the sequences to which the primers are directed. To address this, primase‐based whole genome amplification is introduced herein. This paper will review the recent advancement in rDNA quantitation and recent findings regarding potential risks of immunogenicity, infectivity, and oncogenicity of rDNA. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:307–317. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prisoners holding their own medications during imprisonment in England and Wales: A survey and qualitative exploration of staff and prisoners' views
Authors: Hassan Lamiece , Weston Jade , Senior Jane , Shaw Jenny 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTBackgroundTraditionally, medication in prison has been administered in single, supervised doses. Prisons in England and Wales, however, have now been encouraged to allow prisoners to hold and manage their own medication themselves as ‘in‐possession’ medication, in line with community practices.AimsWe aimed to examine the range of policies and practices used to manage in‐possession medication in prisons, and to explore staff and patient perspectives.MethodsA mixed methods design was selected. Questionnaires were sent to all prisons throughout England and Wales in 2008, and follow‐up interviews were completed with 68 staff and 24 patients at 12 prisons.ResultsIn‐possession medication was permitted to some degree within all prisons. Interviewees identified its principal benefit in terms of empowerment, whilst acknowledging the need to minimise health and security risks. Structured methods of risk assessment were used in 93% of establishments, although content and structure varied widely.ConclusionThere is still some way to go before in‐possession medication policies are fully embraced in prisons. Staff and patients recognise its benefits, but some remain uneasy around the perceived risks. Risk management processes in some establishments may still require development.Key messages

Prisoners and staff generally find it acceptable for prisoners to have their own medication in their possession, to manage themselves, unless individual risk assessment indicates otherwise.
Achievement of the optimum balance between security, safety and empowering patients is difficult in practice.
Robust, specific methods of risk management in relation to in‐possession medication may help prisons move from being ‘risk averse’ to ‘risk aware’. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Key resources on marginalized students
Authors: Hernandez Susana , Hernandez Ignacio 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis chapter provides resources to assist student affairs personnel at community colleges as they interact with students from marginalized groups, students whose experiences in college need to be heard and brought to the center. The resources described are practice oriented and include Web links of professional organizations with further sources of information for each particular marginalized group. Funding opportunities are also identified to help further support community colleges' ability to program, recruit, and retain these marginalized populations. The goal of each community college to serve all students will largely depend on the willingness of administrators, faculty, and staff to critique and confront why certain student groups remain on the margins of their respective campuses.
Report of a new anomaly of the left anterior descending artery: Type VI dual LAD
Authors: Maroney Justin , Klein Lloyd W. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA 48‐year‐old man with past medical history of coronary artery disease, previous angioplasty, hyperlipidemia, and generalized anxiety disorder presented with atypical chest pain. Coronary angiography and CT angiography revealed a variant dual left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery not previously described. Spindola‐Franco et al. have categorized dual LAD into four angiographic subtypes based on the origin and course of both a short‐ and a long branch of the LAD. Additionally, Manchanda et al. have described a novel variant of dual LAD with the short‐ and long LAD originating directly from the left and right coronary sinuses, respectively (Type V, see Table I). In the case presented, the long LAD arises from the right coronary artery and follows a unique route underneath the right ventricular outflow tract in the interventricular septal area to the anterior interventricular groove. We propose that this anatomy represents a new variant of dual LAD (Type VI). © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Utility of fractional flow reserve to determine treatment after recent large myocardial infarction with severe left ventricular dysfunction
Authors: Aleti Sumith , Uretsky Barry F. , Sachdeva Rajesh 
Published: September 2011

AbstractEvaluation of ischemia and the extent of viable myocardium is required prior to consideration of revascularizing a lesion after a myocardial infarction in which there is hypo‐ or akinesis. We present a case in which we utilized fractional flow reserve (FFR) of a lesion in a patient whose nuclear study 7 days after infarction suggested minimal viability in the infarct zone. After FFR was positive, stenting was performed with recovery of a large amount of viable myocardium at 1 month as shown on nuclear study. This case illustrates that if ischemia is demonstrated by FFR in an infarct‐related artery even with minimal viability by nuclear study, revascularization may result in significant myocardial recovery. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthetic Applications of the Nickel‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Alkynes Combined with Addition Reactions in a Domino Process
Authors: Durandetti Muriel , Hardou Lucie , Lhermet Rudy , Rouen Mathieu , Maddaluno Jacques 
Published: September 2011

AbstractCarbonickelations of alkynes and functionalization of the resulting vinylnickel moiety have been performed efficiently in a nickel‐catalyzed domino cyclization–condensation process. This reaction, which does not require the preparation of any other organometallic reagent, proceeds only by exo‐dig cyclization. This convenient and mild method constitutes a one‐pot synthesis of substituted dihydrobenzofurans, chromans, isochromans, indoles, or indanes. Theses valuable products are generally obtained in good yields and high stereoselectivity. They are shown to be useful synthons for rapid access to functionalized polycyclic skeletons.
Clickable Functionalization of Liposomes with the gH625 Peptide from Herpes simplex Virus Type I for Intracellular Drug Delivery
Authors: Tarallo Rossella , Accardo Antonella , Falanga Annarita , Guarnieri Daniela , Vitiello Giuseppe , Netti Paolo , D'Errico Gerardino , Morelli Giancarlo , Galdiero Stefania 
Published: September 2011

AbstractLiposomes externally modified with the nineteen residues gH625 peptide, previously identified as a membrane‐perturbing domain in the gH glycoprotein of Herpes simplex virus type I, have been prepared in order to improve the intracellular uptake of an encapsulated drug. An easy and versatile synthetic strategy, based on click chemistry, has been used to bind, in a controlled way, several copies of the hydrophobic gH625 peptide on the external surface of 1,2‐dioleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine (DOPG)‐based liposomes. Electron paramagnetic resonance studies, on liposomes derivatized with gH625 peptides, which are modified with the 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl‐4‐amino‐4‐carboxylic acid (TOAC) spin label in several peptide positions, confirm the positioning of the coupled peptides on the liposome external surface, whereas dynamic light scattering measurements indicate an increase of the diameter of the liposomes of approximately 30 % after peptide introduction. Liposomes have been loaded with the cytotoxic drug doxorubicin and their ability to penetrate inside cells has been evaluated by confocal microscopy experiments. Results suggest that liposomes functionalized with gH625 may act as promising intracellular targeting carriers for efficient delivery of drugs, such as chemotherapeutic agents, into tumor cells.
Reactions of ZnR2 Compounds with Dibenzoyl: Characterisation of the Alkyl‐Transfer Products and a Striking Product‐Inhibition Effect
Authors: Dranka Izabela , Kubisiak Marcin , Justyniak Iwona , Lesiuk Michał , Kubicki Dominik , Lewiński Janusz 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe first systematic theoretical and experimental studies of reaction systems involving ZnR2 (R=Me, Et or tBu) with dibenzoyl (dbz) as a non‐innocent ligand revealed that the character of the metal‐bonded R group as well as the ratio of the reagents and the reaction temperature significantly modulate the reaction outcome. DFT calculations showed four stable minima for initial complexes formed between ZnR2 and dbz and the most stable structure proved to be the 2:1 adduct; among the 1:1 adducts three structural isomers were found of which the most stable complex had the monodentate coordination mode and the chelate complex with the s‐cis conformation of the dbz unit appeared to be the least stable form. Interestingly, the reaction involving ZnMe2 did not lead to any alkylation product, whereas the employment of ZntBu2 resulted in full conversion of dbz to the O‐alkylated product [tBuZn{PhC(O)C(OtBu)Ph}] already at −20 °C. A more complicated system was revealed for the reaction of dbz with ZnEt2. Treatment of a solution of dbz in toluene with one equivalent of ZnEt2 at room temperature afforded a mixture of the O‐ and C‐alkylated products [EtZn{PhC(O)C(OEt)Ph}] and [EtZn{OC(Ph)C(O)(Et)Ph}], respectively. The formation of the C‐alkylated product was suppressed by decreasing the initial reaction temperature to −20 °C. Moreover, in the case of the dbz/ZnEt2 system monitoring of the dbz conversion over the entire reaction course revealed a product inhibition effect, which highlights possible participation of multiple equilibria of different zinc alkoxide/ZnEt2 aggregates. Diffusion NMR studies indicated that dbz forms an adduct with the O‐alkylated product, which is a competent species for executing the inhibition of the alkylation event.
Room temperature and highly enantioselective additions of alkyltitanium reagents to aldehydes catalyzed by a titanium catalyst of (R)‐h8‐binol
Authors: Li Qinghan , Gau Han‐Mou 
Published: September 2011

Abstract Three alkyltitanium reagents of RTi(O‐i‐Pr)3 (R = Cy (1a), i‐Bu (1b), and n‐Bu (1c)) were prepared in good yields. The high‐resolution mass spectroscopy showed that 1b and 1c in the gas phase are monomeric species. However, the solid state of 1a revealed a dimeric structure. Asymmetric additions of 1a, 1b, 1c to aldehydes catalyzed by a titanium catalyst of (R)‐H8‐BINOL were studied at room temperature. The reactions produced desired secondary alcohols in good yields with good to excellent enantioselectivities of up to 94% ee. Reactivity and enantioselectivity differences, in terms of steric bulkiness of the R nucleophiles, are herein described. The addition reactions of secondary c‐hexyl to aldehydes were slower than the reactions of primary i‐butyl or n‐butyl nucleophiles. For the primary alkyls, lower enantioselectivities were obtained for products from addition reactions of the linear n‐butyl as compared with the enantioselectivities of products from the addition reactions of the branched i‐butyl group. The same stereochemistry of RTi(O‐i‐Pr)3 addition reactions as the addition reactions of organozinc, organoaluminum, Grignard, or organolithium reagents directly supports the argument of that titanium‐catalyzed addition reactions of aldehydes involve an addition of an organotitanium nucleophile. Chirality, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Additional criterion for the determination of the handedness of 21 helices in crystals of bile acids: Crystal structure of a tert‐butylphenyl derivative of cholic acid
Authors: Meijide Francisco , Trillo Juan V. , Soto Victor H. , Jover Aida , Tato JosÉ Vázquez 
Published: September 2011

Abstract[3β,5β,7α,12α]‐3‐(4‐t‐Butylbenzoilamine)‐7,12‐dihydroxycholan‐24‐oic acid was synthesized and recrystallized from chlorobenzene and acetone. Orthorhombic P212121 and monoclinic P21 crystals were obtained, respectively, and both crystals include solvent and water molecules with a 1:1:1 stoichiometry. In the second case, there are two nonequivalent molecules of the steroid in the unit cell. In both crystals, a crossing structure results for the molecular packing, stabilized by hydrogen bonds between the steroid molecules. In the second crystal, water links steroid molecules of the same type, which are not directly connected through hydrogen bonds. The steroid molecules define helicoidal assemblies along 21 screw axes. The handedness in the crystal in chlorobenzene is unambiguously defined by following the criterion proposed by Miyata et al., as the steroids are in a belly‐to‐belly disposition around the axis. This motif does not appear in the crystal in acetone, and other criterion is required. On the basis of the fact that a staircase and its banister have the same handedness and using the crystal in chlorobenzene as reference, the additional criterion has been established. According to it, in the absence of a belly‐to‐belly orientation, the handedness must be defined by keeping the bile acid with its right side oriented toward the axis. Pitch angles of the helices and tilt angles of the molecules are also determined. Chirality, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chromatographic separation and spectroscopic characterization of the e/z isomers of acrivastine
Authors: Davadra Prakash M. , Dabhi Batuk , Singh Manoj K. , Jain Mukul R. , Joshi Hitendra S. , Bapodra Atul H. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method has been developed for the separation of two geometric isomers of Acrivastine using crude reaction mixture. The resolution between two isomers was found more than 2.9. The geometric isomers have been isolated by preparative HPLC and characterized by spectroscopic techniques, such as NMR, infrared, and MS. The developed method has been validated for the determination of Z‐isomer in Acrivastine. The limit of detection and limit of quantification of the Z‐isomer were 0.05 and 0.2 μg/ml, respectively. The developed method is precise, linear, accurate, rugged and robust for its intended use. Chirality, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thermochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Kerskes Henner , Bertsch Florian , Mette Barbara , Wörner Antje , Schaube Franziska 
Published: September 2011

AbstractDas Interesse an innovativen, verlustfreien, thermischen Energiespeichern mit hoher Speicherkapazität ist in den letzten Jahren zunehmend gestiegen. Als vielversprechende Technologie wird hier vor allem die thermochemische Energiespeicherung angesehen. Dieser Artikel beschreibt den Stand der Wissenschaft im Bereich der Materialforschung, Prozessführung, Verfahrensentwicklung und zeigt die technischen Herausforderungen und Potenziale der thermochemischen Energiespeicherung auf. Beispielhaft werden zwei Systemkonzepte, eins für den Niedertemperaturbereich und eins für den Hochtemperaturbereich, diskutiert. Anhand dieser werden die Einsatzmöglichkeiten der thermochemischen Energiespeicherung aufgezeigt.
Synthesis of Layered Hydroxide Zinc m‐Aminobenzoate Compounds and Their Exfoliation Reactions
Authors: Zhao Lifang , Wang Hongshe , Wang Yan , Miao Jianyin , Feng Qi 
Published: September 2011

Abstract Two types of layered hydroxide zinc m‐aminobenzoate compounds with structures of layered basic metal salt (LBMS) were prepared by the reaction of zinc hydroxide with m‐aminobenzoic acid solution in the temperature range of 40–120°C. The formation reactions, structures, chemical compositions, and exfoliation reactions of the layered compounds in alcohol solvents were investigated by XRD, TG‐DTA, SEM, and TEM. One layered phase with a basal spacing of 1.08 nm has a α‐Ni(OH)2‐like structure, and its chemical formula can be written as Zn(OH)0.67(m‐NH2C6H4COO)1.33. This phase has strip‐like particle morphology and cannot be exfoliated into its nanosheets in alcohol solvents. The other layered phase with a basal spacing of 2.66 nm has a zinc hydroxide‐nitrate‐like structure, and can be exfoliated in alcohol solvents.
Room Temperature Synthesis of Gold Nanokites in Polyvinyl Alcohol‐Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Aggregations Aqueous Solution
Authors: Ren Yueping , Liu Jia , Feng Feng , Chen Tingzhong , Fang Yun 
Published: September 2011

AbstractControlled synthesis of asymmetrical gold nanokites was realized by reducing HAuCl4 with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in PVA‐sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) aggregations aqueous solution at room temperature without any additional reducing agents. The crystal structures, optical property and growth process of the gold nanokites were investigated by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Vis‐NIR spectrum and transmission electron microscope (TEM). HAuCl4 concentration dramatically influenced the morphologies of the products. When HAuCl4 concentration was increased from 0.5 mmol·L−1 to 2.2 mmol·L−1, the products changed from network‐like nanostructures to nanokites, nanoleaves and microplates. SDS was indispensable for the formation of gold nanokites and without SDS super‐branched structures became the dominant products.