bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hollow poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)‐co‐poly(acrylic acid) microgels with high loading capacity for drugs
Authors: Chen Ying , Chen Yongbing , Nan Jingya , Wang Chunpeng , Chu Fuxiang 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA convenient approach has been developed for the preparation of microsize hydrogels composed of crosslinked poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm). First, semi‐interpenetration polymer networks of hydropropylcellulose (HPC) and PNIPAm‐co‐PAA copolymer are formed through the copolymerization and crosslinking of monomer acrylic acid and N‐isopropylacrylamide in HPC aqueous solution. After the selective removal of HPC from networks due to ionization of PAA units and disruption of hydrogen bonding with increasing pH, PNIPAm‐co‐PAA microgels are obtained, whose volume is confirmed to be responsive to both temperature and pH. Doxorubicin hydrochloride (Dox) can be encapsulated in PNIPAm‐co‐PAA microgels with high drug loading driven by the electrostatic interaction, and a sustained‐release characteristic of Dox from the microgels is observed under physiological pH value and temperature. In vitro cell experiments, the drug‐loaded microgels can be taken up by LoVo cells and release their payload in cell cytoplasm without loss of drug efficacy. This indicates that PNIPAm‐co‐PAA microgels might be a potential drug delivery carriers especially for water‐soluble or polypeptide drugs. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Study of morphological and mechanical performance of amine‐cured glassy epoxy–clay nanocomposites
Authors: Mouloud A. , Cherif R. , Fellahi S. , Grohens Y. , Pillin I. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe effect of three different alkylammonium‐modified montmorillonite on morphological and mechanical properties of glassy epoxy‐amine nanocomposites is reported. Small amounts of clays <10 phr (part per hundred of resin) were used in each system of nanocomposite. The morphology of the prepared nanocomposites was performed by means of X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to investigate the glass transition temperatures (Tg). Mechanical properties were based on tensile characteristics (Young's modulus), impact strength, and fracture toughness. The measured moduli were compared to theoretical predictions. Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the morphological structure of the fracture surfaces of impacted specimens. It was found that at a low content of 2 phr (1.2 wt %) of nanoclays, the impact strength and the fracture toughness were improved by 77 and 90% respectively, comparatively to the neat epoxy, whereas DSC revealed a reduction of the Tg of nanocomposites. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Interleukin‐21 modulates Th1 and Th17 responses in giant cell arteritis
Authors: Terrier Benjamin , Geri Guillaume , Chaara Wahiba , Allenbach Yves , Rosenzwajg Michelle , Costedoat‐Chalumeau Nathalie , Fouret Pierre , Musset Lucile , Benveniste Olivier , Six Adrien , Klatzmann David , Saadoun David , Cacoub Patrice 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectiveGiant cell arteritis (GCA) is a large‐vessel vasculitis of unknown origin. Recent findings indicate that at least 2 separate lineages of CD4+ T cells, Th1 and Th17 cells, participate in vascular inflammation. The pathways driving these T cell differentiations are incompletely understood, but may provide novel therapeutic targets. This study was undertaken to identify cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of GCA.MethodsThirty GCA patients fulfilling the American College of Rheumatology criteria, with active disease or disease in remission, and 30 age‐matched controls were included. Levels of 27 cytokines were determined in culture supernatants, and flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and immunohistochemical analysis of temporal artery samples were performed.ResultsMultiparametric analysis of cytokines produced by PBMCs associated with GCA disease activity identified a signature involving interleukin‐2 receptor (IL‐2R), IL‐12, interferon‐γ (IFNγ), IL‐17A, IL‐21, and granulocyte–macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF). An expansion of Th1 and Th17 cells and a decrease in Treg cells were observed in the peripheral blood of patients with active GCA. An expansion of IL‐21–producing CD4+ T cells was also observed in patients with active GCA and correlated positively with Th17 and Th1 cell expansion. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed IFNγ, IL‐17A, and IL‐21 expression within inflammatory infiltrates. Stimulation of purified CD4+ T cells with IL‐21 increased Th1 and Th17 cell frequencies and decreased FoxP3 expression. In contrast, blockade of IL‐21 using IL‐21R‐Fc markedly decreased the production of IL‐17A and IFNγ and increased FoxP3 expression.ConclusionOur findings indicate that IL‐21 plays a critical role in modulating Th1 and Th17 responses and Treg cells in GCA, and might represent a potential target for novel therapy.
The use of specially designed tasks to enhance student interest in the cadaver dissection laboratory
Authors: Kang Seok Hoon , Shin Jwa‐Seop , Hwang Young‐il 
Published: December 2011

AbstractCadaver dissection is a key component of anatomy education. Unfortunately, students sometimes regard the process of dissection as uninteresting or stressful. To make laboratory time more interesting and to encourage discussion and collaborative learning among medical students, specially designed tasks were assigned to students throughout dissection. Student response and the effects of the tasks on examination scores were analyzed. The subjects of this study were 154 medical students who attended the dissection laboratory in 2009. Four tasks were given to teams of seven to eight students over the course of 2 weeks of lower limb dissection. The tasks were designed such that the answers could not be obtained by referencing books or searching the Internet, but rather through careful observation of the cadavers and discussion among team members. Questionnaires were administered. The majority of students agreed that the tasks were interesting (68.0%), encouraged team discussion (76.8%), and facilitated their understanding of anatomy (72.8%). However, they did not prefer that additional tasks be assigned during the other laboratory sessions. When examination scores of those who responded positively were compared with those who responded neutrally or negatively, no statistically significant differences could be found. In conclusion, the specially designed tasks assigned to students in the cadaver dissection laboratory encouraged team discussion and collaborative learning, and thereby generated interest in laboratory work. However, knowledge acquisition was not improved. Anat Sci Educ. © 2011 American Association of Anatomists.
Promiscuity in protein‐RNA interactions: Conformational ensembles facilitate molecular recognition in the spliceosome
Authors: Boehr David D. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractHere I discuss findings that suggest a universal mechanism for proteins (and RNA) to recognize and interact with various binding partners by selectively binding to different conformations that pre‐exist in the free protein's conformational ensemble. The tandem RNA recognition motif domains of splicing factor U2AF65 fluctuate in solution between a predominately closed conformation in which the RNA binding site of one of the domains is blocked, and a lowly populated open conformation in which both RNA binding pockets are accessible. RNA binding to U2AF65 may thus occur through the weakly populated open conformation, and the binding interaction stabilizes the open conformation. The conformational diversity observed in U2AF65 might also facilitate binding to diverse RNA sequences as found in the polypyrimidine tracts that help define 3′ splice sites. Similar binding pathways in other systems have important consequences in biological regulation, molecular evolution, and information storage.
Facing Unexpected Reactivity Paths with ZrIV–Pyridylamido Polymerization Catalysts
Authors: Luconi Lapo , Rossin Andrea , Tuci Giulia , Tritto Incoronata , Boggioni Laura , Klosin Jerzy J. , Theriault Curt N. , Giambastiani Giuliano 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis work provides original insights to the better understanding of the complex structure–activity relationship of ZrIV–pyridylamido‐based olefin polymerization catalysts and highlights the importance of the metal‐precursor choice (Zr(NMe2)4 vs. Zr(Bn)4) to prepare precatalysts of unambiguous identity. A temperature‐controlled and reversible σ‐bond metathesis/protonolysis reaction is found to take place on the ZrIV‐amido complexes in the 298–383 K temperature range, changing the metal coordination sphere dramatically (from a five‐coordinated tris‐amido species stabilized by bidentate monoanionic {N,N−} ligands to a six‐coordinated bis‐amido–mono‐amino complexes featured by tridentate dianionic {N−,N,C−} ligands). Well‐defined neutral ZrIV–pyridylamido complexes have been prepared from Zr(Bn)4 as metal source. Their cationic derivatives [ZrIV{N−,N,C−}Bn]+[B(C6F5)4]− have been successfully applied to the room‐temperature polymerization of 1‐hexene with productivities up to one order of magnitude higher than those reported for the related HfIV state‐of‐the‐art systems. Most importantly, a linear increase of the poly(1‐hexene) Mn values (30–250 kg mol−1) has been observed upon catalyst aging. According to that, the major active species (responsible for the increased Mn polymer values) in the aged catalyst solution, has been identified.
Synergetic Effect of Host–Guest Chemistry and Spin Crossover in 3D Hofmann‐like Metal–Organic Frameworks [Fe(bpac)M(CN)4] (M=Pt, Pd, Ni)
Authors: Bartual‐Murgui Carlos , Salmon Lionel , Akou Amal , Ortega‐Villar Norma A. , Shepherd Helena J. , Muñoz M. Carmen , Molnár Gábor , Real José Antonio , Bousseksou Azzedine 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of a series of three‐dimensional (3D) Hofmann‐like clathrate porous metal–organic framework (MOF) materials [Fe(bpac)M(CN)4] (M=Pt, Pd, and Ni; bpac=bis(4‐pyridyl)acetylene) that exhibit spin‐crossover behavior is reported. The rigid bpac ligand is longer than the previously used azopyridine and pyrazine and has been selected with the aim to improve both the spin‐crossover properties and the porosity of the corresponding porous coordination polymers (PCPs). The 3D network is composed of successive {Fe[M(CN)4]}n planar layers bridged by the bis‐monodentate bpac ligand linked in the apical positions of the iron center. The large void between the layers, which represents 41.7 % of the unit cell, can accommodate solvent molecules or free bpac ligand. Different synthetic strategies were used to obtain a range of spin‐crossover behaviors with hysteresis loops around room temperature; the samples were characterized by magnetic susceptibility, calorimetric, Mössbauer, and Raman measurements. The complete physical study reveals a clear relationship between the quantity of included bpac molecules and the completeness of the spin transition, thereby underlining the key role of the π–π stacking interactions operating between the host and guest bpac molecules within the network. Although the inclusion of the bpac molecules tends to increase the amount of active iron centers, no variation of the transition temperature was measured. We have also investigated the ability of the network to accommodate the inclusion of molecules other than water and bpac and studied the synergy between the host–guest interaction and the spin‐crossover behavior. In fact, the clathration of various aromatic molecules revealed specific modifications of the transition temperature. Finally, the transition temperature and the completeness of the transition are related to the nature of the metal associated with the iron center (Ni, Pt, or Pd) and also to the nature and the amount of guest molecules in the lattice.
2011 ACCF/AHA Focused Update of the Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina/Non–ST‐Elevation Myocardial Infarction (Updating the 2007 Guideline): Highlights for the Clinician
Authors: Wenger Nanette K. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe 2011 Update to the Unstable Angina/Non–ST‐Elevation Myocardial Infarction (UA/NSTEMI) Guideline is based in evolving data or expert opinion and incorporates information from late‐breaking clinical trials presented at the 2008–2009 Scientific Sessions of the American College of Cardiology, the American Heart Association, and the European Society of Cardiology, among others, as well as selected data through April 2010.The 5 key issues highlighted in this summary are: (1) the timing of acute interventional therapy in non–ST‐elevation myocardial infarction; (2) emphasis on the timing, duration, and application of dual and triple antiplatelet therapy; (3) specific recommendations for patients with diabetes mellitus; (4) the role and potential benefit of invasive therapy in patients with advanced renal dysfunction; and (5) issues of quality improvement for acute coronary syndromes. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Dr. Wenger is a consultant at Emory Heart and Vascular Center, Atlanta, Georgia. The author has no other funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Differences Between Victims of Bullying and Nonvictims on Levels of Paranoid Ideation and Persecutory Symptoms, the Presence of Aggressive Traits, the Display of Social Anxiety and the Recall of Childhood Abuse Experiences in a Portuguese Mixed Clinical Sample
Authors: Lopes Bárbara Cristina 
Published: December 2011

BackgroundBullying has been considered as a traumatic experience that can lead to paranoid ideation in students (Campbell and Morrison, 2007). This study aimed to explore differences concerning experiences of childhood trauma, the display of social anxiety behaviours, paranoid ideation, and aggressive traits and behaviour in a mixed clinical population with and without persecutory delusions, between individuals who reported being victims of bullying versus those who did not.MethodA total of 61 individuals with diagnoses of paranoid schizophrenia and social anxiety disorder were given a battery of questionnaires that measured bullying experiences, childhood abuse and experiences of threat and subordination, paranoid ideation, social anxiety behaviours, shame, and aggressive traits and behaviours.ResultsData on the differences between the victims of bullying and non‐victims, in terms of recalling being bullied, showed higher scores on childhood abuse, experiences of threat and subordination within the family, aggressive traits and higher display of persecutory symptoms and less social anxiety behaviours.ConclusionBullying is a traumatic phenomenon that is reported by people who suffer from persecutory delusions to a higher degree than those who do not. This study, thus, gives support to the idea that childhood abuse within the family is associated with bullying experiences and that a traumatic infancy may lead to the use of aggressive traits and behaviours to deal with a threatening environment (Bentall and Fernyhough, ). This argument raises clinical issues regarding anger management and addressing bullying experiences in individuals with persecutory ideation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner MessageThe importance of bullying experiences in clinical practice: anger management and the relationship between aggressive temperaments and persecutory ideation.
Cross‐entropy‐based joint carrier frequency offset estimation and multiuser detection for multicarrier code division multiple access systems
Authors: Lain Jenn‐Kaie , Yang Shang‐Yi , Lin Chih‐Wei 
Published: December 2011

SUMMARYThis paper presents a joint carrier frequency offset estimation and multiuser detection based on a maximum likelihood approach in multicarrier code division multiple access systems. With the definition of a score function based on the log‐likelihood, the joint carrier frequency offset estimation and multiuser detection can be formulated as a nonlinear optimization problem over the joint of a multidimensional real space and a multidimensional discrete space. To reduce the computational complexity required by the joint decision statistic, while still obtaining a desirable performance, a new method using cross‐entropy optimization is proposed to solve the nonlinear optimization problem. Because of the robustness of the cross‐entropy optimization, the joint decision statistic can be efficiently solved, and, as shown by the furnished simulation results, the proposed approach can achieve satisfactory performance in various scenarios. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What RTI Means for Content Area Teachers
Authors: Lenski Susan 
Published: December 2011

AbstractResponse to Intervention (RTI) has the potential to have a positive impact on adolescent literacy by requiring content‐area teachers to provide Tier 1 literacy instruction. This commentary suggests that content‐area teachers can help their students improve their content knowledge and literacy skills by providing discipline‐specific strategy instruction in their classes. To do this, content‐area teachers should have a clear understanding of how literacy is used in their discipline and demonstrate those processes for their students. Moreover, content‐area teachers should provide students with more opportunities to read grade‐appropriate texts, differentiate reading materials, and assess literacy progress. Furthermore, content‐area teachers should provide literacy coaches with classroom texts and topics so that Tier‐2 interventions can be coordinated with classroom teaching. These changes in content‐area teaching could make a difference in the literacy achievement of students.
From Resistance to Advocacy for Math Literacy: One Teacher's Literacy Identity Transformation
Authors: Spitler Ellen 
Published: December 2011

AbstractSecondary preservice teachers often articulate the belief that literacy instruction is irrelevant in their future content‐area classrooms. Resistance is not a new concern in literacy teacher education programs, but the longevity of this belief and the absence of content area literacy instruction in the majority of secondary classrooms are distressing realities. This article documents one math teacher's initial negative beliefs about literacy instruction and his teacher literacy identity transformation to openly embrace and advocate for literacy instruction. In order for beliefs to shift regarding content area literacy instruction in secondary social and cultural contexts, teacher educators must focus on the developing teacher literacy identities of the preservice teachers sitting in their classrooms; that is, their conscious and confident view of self as responsible for and in control of improving the literacy learning of self and the competency to enact engagements to guide the literacy learning of students.
An efficient one‐pot synthesis of pyrimido[2,1‐b][1,3]oxazine derivatives via the reaction of isocyanides with dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates in the presence of 5‐substituted uracils
Authors: Baharfar Robabeh , Baghbanian Seyed Meysam 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe reactive 1:1 intermediate produced in the reaction between alkyl isocyanides and dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates was trapped by uracil and its 5‐substituted derivatives to yield highly functionalized pyrimido[2,1‐b][1,3]oxazine derivatives in fairly good yields. J. Heterocyclic Chem.,(2011).
MITIGATING SOCIAL EXCLUSION IN MICROLENDING: A CASE STUDY OF WISDOM MICROFINANCE INSTITUTION IN ETHIOPIA
Authors: Bahng Grace 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis article presents a case study of Wisdom Microfinance Institution (WISDOM) and examines how community workers were used to mitigate the exclusion of groups vulnerable to marginalization. By taking advantage of its relationship with World Vision Ethiopia (WVE) and collaborating in its lending processes, WISDOM was able to make itself more accessible to orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) caregivers in two major ways. First, the involvement of WVE community workers in forming community banks for WISDOM served to include more OVC caregivers than anyone had realized at the time. Second, collaborating with WVE community workers in monitoring clients helped WISDOM to gain vital information that led to more effective monitoring. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vivo proton electron double resonance imaging of mice With fast spin echo pulse sequence
Authors: Sun Ziqi , Li Haihong , Petryakov Sergey , Samouilov Alex , Zweier Jay L. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose:To develop and evaluate a two‐dimensional (2D) fast spin echo (FSE) pulse sequence for enhancing temporal resolution and reducing tissue heating for in vivo proton electron double resonance imaging (PEDRI) of mice.Materials and Methods:A four‐compartment phantom containing 2 mM TEMPONE was imaged at 20.1 mT using 2D FSE‐PEDRI and regular gradient echo (GRE)‐PEDRI pulse sequences. Control mice were infused with TEMPONE over ∼1 min followed by time‐course imaging using the 2D FSE‐PEDRI sequence at intervals of 10–30 s between image acquisitions. The average signal intensity from the time‐course images was analyzed using a first‐order kinetics model.Results:Phantom experiments demonstrated that EPR power deposition can be greatly reduced using the FSE‐PEDRI pulse sequence compared with the conventional gradient echo pulse sequence. High temporal resolution was achieved at ∼4 s per image acquisition using the FSE‐PEDRI sequence with a good image SNR in the range of 233–266 in the phantom study. The TEMPONE half‐life measured in vivo was ∼72 s.Conclusion:Thus, the FSE‐PEDRI pulse sequence enables fast in vivo functional imaging of free radical probes in small animals greatly reducing EPR irradiation time with decreased power deposition and provides increased temporal resolution. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;471‐475. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
HERproject women's health program delivers real business returns
Authors: Yeager Racheal , Goldenberg Elissa 
Published: December 2011

AbstractGiven the global economy's dependence on female factory workers in developing nations, increasing numbers of organizations are realizing the value of improving the health of those workers with on‐site programs that address their unique needs. Since 2007, Business for Social Responsibility (BSR) has partnered with forward‐thinking organizations to overcome the challenges in providing such services and creating a work environment where women can flourish. In addition to describing innovative initiatives from Levi Strauss & Co., Timberland, and Hewlett‐Packard, this article details how other companies can replicate their successes along supply chains around the world. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effect of gender on leadership and culture
Authors: Herrera Richard , Duncan Phyllis A. , Green Mark T. , Skaggs Sheryl L. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIncreasingly, human resource managers are recognizing the need to understand how the differences between men and women affect organizational culture and leadership. This study of 314 workers examines the influence of gender on the leadership and cultural dimensions identified in the acclaimed Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness (GLOBE) research program. The results show that gender is a significant predictor in two of the nine cultural dimensions—gender egalitarianism and assertiveness—and two of the six leadership dimensions—participative leadership and self‐protective leadership. These findings can help HR managers capitalize on the strengths of both male and female employees as they design policies and practices to achieve organizational objectives. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.