bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuroanatomical plasticity in the gonadotropin‐releasing hormone system of the ewe: Seasonal variation in glutamatergic and γ‐aminobutyric acidergic afferents
Authors: Sergeeva Anna , Jansen Heiko T. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractTemperate zone animals time the onset of reproductive events to coincide with specific portions of the sidereal year. Although the neural mechanisms involved remain poorly understood, a marked annual variation in the brain's sensitivity to estradiol negative feedback is thought to mediate many of the changes in neuroendocrine hormone secretion, especially that of the gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons, via neural afferents. The aim of the present study was to determine whether glutamatergic inputs to GnRH neurons in sheep vary seasonally and to expand our previous observations of seasonal changes in γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)‐ergic inputs. Brains from adult sheep were collected during the breeding season (N = 8) or the nonbreeding season (anestrus; N = 7). Confocal microscopy and optical sectioning were used to quantify the density of labeled VGLUT2 and VGAT immunoreactivity onto GnRH neurons. The results reveal a significantly greater number of VGLUT2‐ir inputs to GnRH dendrites during the breeding season vs. the nonbreeding season but no seasonal changes on GnRH cell somas. The number of VGAT‐ir terminals onto GnRH dendrites was reduced in the breeding season compared with the nonbreeding season. GnRH neurons were also found to receive dual‐phenotype (VGLUT + VGAT) inputs; these varied with season in a manner similar to VGAT inputs. Morphologically, the numbers of branches of proximal dendrites increased significantly in a subset of GnRH neurons located near the midline. Together these results reveal a dynamic seasonal reorganization of identified inputs onto GnRH neurons and lend additional support to the overall hypothesis that seasonal modulation of GnRH neurons involves glutamatergic and GABAergic neural plasticity. J. Comp. Neurol. 515:615–628, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Database of queryable gene expression patterns for Xenopus
Authors: Gilchrist Michael J. , Christensen Mikkel B. , Bronchain Odile , Brunet Frédéric , Chesneau Albert , Fenger Ursula , Geach Timothy J. , Ironfield Holly V. , Kaya Ferdinand , Kricha Sadia , Lea Robert , Massé Karine , Néant Isabelle , Paillard Elodie , Parain Karine , Perron Muriel , Sinzelle Ludivine , Souopgui Jacob , Thuret Raphaël , Ymlahi‐Ouazzani Qods , Pollet Nicolas 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe precise localization of gene expression within the developing embryo, and how it changes over time, is one of the most important sources of information for elucidating gene function. As a searchable resource, this information has up until now been largely inaccessible to the Xenopus community. Here, we present a new database of Xenopus gene expression patterns, queryable by specific location or region in the embryo. Pattern matching can be driven either from an existing in situ image, or from a user‐defined pattern based on development stage schematic diagrams. The data are derived from the work of a group of 21 Xenopus researchers over a period of 4 days. We used a novel, rapid manual annotation tool, XenMARK, which exploits the ability of the human brain to make the necessary distortions in transferring data from the in situ images to the standard schematic geometry. Developmental Dynamics 238:1379–1388, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characteristic analysis of resonant filter
Authors: Mitsutake Yoshio , Hirata Katsuhiro , Nakata Manabu , Ishihara Yoshiyuki , Todaka Toshiyuki 
Published: April 2009

AbstractUsually, the resonant filter is composed of several resonators made of dielectric and metal, and is applied to high‐frequency bandpass filters (BPFs). Although a resonant filter has a simple structure, it is very difficult to obtain the optimal geometry experimentally, because its filter characteristic is greatly influenced by the material and the structure. This paper presents an analysis method for the high‐frequency resonant filter by using the method of moment (MoM). The computed characteristics of the resonant filter are in good agreement with the measured ones. Furthermore, the influences of design parameters of the filter on the characteristics are investigated. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 92(4): 42–48, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10053
Development of microreactor array chip‐based measurement system for massively parallel analysis of enzymatic activity
Authors: Hosoi Yosuke , Akagi Takanori , Ichiki Takanori 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMicroarray chip technology such as DNA chips, peptide chips, and protein chips is one of the promising approaches for achieving high‐throughput screening (HTS) of biomolecule function since it has great advantages in feasibility of automated information processing due to one‐to‐one indexing between array position and molecular function as well as massively parallel sample analysis as a benefit of downsizing and large‐scale integration. Mostly, however, the function that can be evaluated by such microarray chips is limited to affinity of target molecules. In this paper, we propose a new HTS system and enzymatic activity based on microreactor array chip technology. A prototype of the automated and massively parallel measurement system for fluorometric assay of enzymatic reactions was developed by the combination of microreactor array chips and a highly sensitive fluorescence microscope. Design strategy of microreactor array chips and an optical measurement platform for the high‐throughput enzyme assay are discussed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 92(4): 35–41, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10056
Regeneration‐type nerve electrode using bundled microfluidic channels
Authors: Suzuki Takafumi , Kotake Naoki , Mabuchi Kunihiko , Takeuchi Shoji 
Published: April 2009

AbstractNeural interface devices that will allow signals from the human nervous system to control external equipment are extremely important for the next generation of prosthetic systems. A novel multichannel regeneration‐type nerve electrode designed to record from and stimulate peripheral nerves has been developed to allow the control of artificial hands and to generate artificial sensations. In this study a novel flexible regeneration microelectrode based on the nerve regeneration principle was designed and fabricated using MEMS technologies. The electrode, which was fabricated on a 25‐µm‐thick parylene C substrate, has multiple fluidic channels. Each fluidic channel was 100µm wide×30µm high×1500µm long and featured multiple electrodes inside them as recording and stimulating sites. They also served as guidance channels for the regenerating axons. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 92(4): 29–34, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10059
An algorithm for detecting the center of the iris using a color image and improvement of its processing speed
Authors: Yonezawa Tetsuya , Ogata Kohichi , Shiratani Kazuyuki 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe have studied a man–machine interface system by using an eye gaze detection technique. Target users for this system are ordinary people and orthopedically impaired people who have no movement in their hands and head. Ordinary people can use this system under the condition that they do not move their head. An algorithm for detecting the center of the iris is proposed in this paper. An image of the eye is captured with a small video camera and the center of the iris is obtained by filtering in color space and pattern matching with a ring‐shaped template. Improvement of the pattern matching speed is also described and the effectiveness of the reduction of calculation costs is shown. Furthermore, the accuracy of the eye gaze detection was evaluated. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 92(4): 1–8, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10088
A low‐power droplet manipulator employing high‐frequency surface acoustic waves
Authors: Sasaki Tsutomu , Tanaka Yasutomo , Omori Tatsuya , Hashimoto Ken‐Ya , Yamaguchi Masatsune 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA droplet manipulator working with low driving power was developed by using the surface acoustic wave (SAW) technology. The manipulator was driven at a relatively high frequency of 350 MHz to increase the SAW power density. First, a single‐phase unidirectional transducer (SPUDT) was designed. Because of its low insertion loss of 1.5 dB and high directivity of 10 dB, the SPUDT successfully conveyed a 100‐nl water droplet with RF input power of 18 dBm (60 mW). Second, the SPUDT design was extended to a curved transducer to focus and launch the SAW energy into the narrow waveguide. Owing to the increased SAW power density, the required SAW power was reduced to 15 dBm (30 mW) for the 100‐nl droplet manipulation. In addition, fabrication of liquid injectors was discussed for the formation of tiny droplets. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 92(4): 49–55, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10232
Combined Extraction and Electrochemical Detection of Amines and Phenols Using Microelectrodes in Organic Solvents
Authors: Mathiyarasu Jayaraman , Nyholm Leif 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA straightforward approach for liquid‐liquid extractive detection of aromatic amines and phenols is described based on the spontaneous transfer of the molecule from the aqueous to an organic phase and subsequent electrochemical detection in the latter phase using a microelectrode. It is demonstrated that the extent of the transfer can be modified by altering the pH of the aqueous solution and the organic solvent. It is also concluded that the presence of an ion‐pair formation agent does not increase the transfer yield for 4‐chloroaniline and phenol. The present approach combines liquid‐liquid sample clean‐up and quantification into a single step which significantly facilitates determinations of aromatic amines and phenols present in complex samples.
Semiparametric penalized generalized additive models for environmental research and epidemiology
Authors: Schimek Michael G. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractFor more than a decade generalized additive models (GAMs) have been successfully applied in various environmental studies, for instance to evaluate the impact of air pollution on health. The air pollution measure is usually connected with the health indicator in a parametric fashion whilst the effects of other covariates are modelled through nonparametric smooth functions. This is the motivation for the widely used semiparametric GAMs. The backfitting‐GAM methodology, and its popular implementation in S‐Plus, constitutes the standard approach. Here we consider its limitations and offer an alternative penalized likelihood concept. The primary limitations are the lack of tools for multiple data‐driven smoothing parameter choice, slow convergence of the iterative backfitting algorithm when concurvity is present, and unstable biased estimates of the regression coefficients and their standard errors in the semiparametric case, even more pronounced under concurvity. The penalized likelihood methodology when combined with cubic spline smoothers allows for a computationally efficient and complete parametric representation of a GAM, either nonparametric or semiparametric. It helps circumvent most of the mentioned GAM flaws in environmental research and epidemiology (e.g. in studies of human exposure to particulate matter). Finally, we discuss various evidence from simulation experiments in the literature, concerning the proper use of the GAM methodology. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parallel interference cancellation in DS‐CDMA optical networks using bias compensation
Authors: Okassa‐M'foubat A. , Dayoub I. , Rouvaen J. M. , Zouine Y. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA receiver based on the parallel cancellation of multiple access interference by bias compensation is considered here for a direct sequence unipolar optical code division multiple access (DS‐OCDMA) system. It relies on the estimation of interferences from undesired users, the regeneration of interfering signals at the output of first canceller stage and their substraction from the received signal after amplification by a bias compensation factor in the second stage. The performance of such a technique is analysed in a synchronous network using orthogonal optical codes and the results are compared with those for different types of conventional receivers. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Correlates of depressive symptoms in rural elderly Chinese
Authors: Gao Sujuan , Jin Yinlong , Unverzagt Frederick W. , Liang Chaoke , Hall Kathleen S. , Ma Feng , Murrell Jill R. , Cheng Yibin , Matesan Janetta , Li Ping , Bian Jianchao , Hendrie Hugh C. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObjectiveLate life depression has been studied in many populations around the world. However, findings on risk factors for late life depression have remained inconsistent.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey of 1737 rural Chinese age 65 and over from two provinces in China was conducted assessing cognitive functions using various cognitive instruments and collecting information on demographic characteristics and medical history. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Analysis of covariance and logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with the continuous GDS score, mild or severe depression.ResultsIn this cohort, 26.5% (95% CI: 24.4–28.6%) met the criteria for mild depression and 4.3% (95% CI: 3.4–5.4%) for severely depression. Living alone, history of heart attack, head injury, and fracture were associated with higher depressive symptoms. Alcohol consumption and higher cognitive function were associated with lower depressive symptoms. Living alone, not attended school, history of head injury, fracture, and low cognitive function were associated with increased probability of mild depression. Living alone, history of stroke or heart attack, and low cognitive function were associated with severe depression.ConclusionsDepression, particularly mild depression, is common in rural elderly Chinese. Among a number of factors identified in this cohort as being significantly associated with depressive symptoms, living alone and lower cognitive function were the most consistent factors associated with depressive symptoms, mild and severe depression. History of stroke, heart attack, and fracture were also risk factors for depressive symptoms. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stem cell exhaustion and leukemogenesis
Authors: Jacob Bindya , Osato Motomi 
Published: April 2009

AbstractCancer is the result of a combination of genetic alterations, which aid transformation of cells. However, oncogenic alterations also simultaneously induce some detrimental effects on the cells such as apoptosis, senescence, and differentiation. Such negative effects caused by certain oncogenic events are overcome by other cooperating genetic hits. We propose stem cell exhaustion as a novel detrimental effect that is caused by a wide variety of oncogenic alterations. Interestingly, in most cases, the stem cell exhaustion due to oncogenic alterations is preceded by an abnormal expansion of stem/progenitor cells. This preceding stem/progenitor cell expansion may be a key feature that still promotes cancer development, along with cooperating hits that rescue stem cell exhaustion. This review summarizes current knowledge about hematopoietic stem cell exhaustion and the mechanisms to overcome stem cell exhaustion in cancer development. J. Cell. Biochem. 107: 393–399, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pax‐6 is expressed early in the differentiation of a corneal epithelial model system
Authors: García‐Villegas Refugio , Escamilla Juan , Sánchez‐Guzmán Erika , Pastén Angela , Hernández‐Quintero Miriam , Gómez‐Flores Eber , Castro‐Muñozledo Federico 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPax‐6 is a regulatory gene with a major role during visual system development, but its association with corneal epithelial differentiation is not clearly established. Using the RCE1‐(5T5) cell line, which mimics corneal epithelial differentiation, we analyzed Pax‐6 biological role. Immunostaining of proliferating colonies and confluent sheets showed that Pax‐6‐positive cells were also K3 keratin‐positive, suggesting that Pax‐6 is expressed in differentiating cells. Pax‐6 mRNA was barely expressed in early cell cultures; but after confluence, its levels raised up to fivefold as demonstrated by Northern blot and RT‐qPCR. The raise in Pax‐6 expression preceded for 9 h the increase in LDH‐H and LDH‐M mRNAs, previously shown as early markers of corneal epithelial cell differentiation. The full‐length mRNAs encoding for the two major Pax‐6 isoforms were found at very low levels in proliferating cells, and abundantly expressed in the confluent stratified epithelia; Pax‐6 mRNA was 2‐ to 2.5‐fold more abundant than Pax‐6(5a) mRNA. The ectopic expression of Pax‐6 or Pax‐6(5a) decreased proliferative ability leading to the formation of abortive, non‐proliferative colonies. In contrast, culture conditions that delay or block corneal epithelial cell differentiation reduced or inhibited the expression of Pax‐6. Collectively, results show that Pax‐6 is the earlier differentiation marker expressed by corneal epithelial cells, and open the possibility for a major role of Pax‐6 as the main driver of the differentiation of corneal epithelial cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 220: 348–356, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impaired integrin‐mediated adhesion contributes to reduced barrier properties in VASP‐deficient microvascular endothelium
Authors: Schlegel Nicolas , Waschke Jens 
Published: April 2009

AbstractRecent studies point to a significant role of vasodilator‐stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) in the maintenance of endothelial barrier functions in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, it has been reported that VASP is required for activation of the small GTPase Rac 1. However, little is known whether VASP is involved in the regulation of cell adhesion molecules that are critical for maintenance of the endothelial barrier. Here we demonstrate that impaired barrier properties in VASP‐deficient (VASP−/−) microvascular myocardial endothelial cells (MyEnd) correlated with both impaired integrin‐mediated adhesion as revealed by laser tweezer trapping and reduced integrin‐dependent cell migration. This was paralleled by reduction of focal adhesions at the cell periphery as well as of β1‐integrin and VE‐cadherin cytoskeletal anchorage. Incubation of MyEnd VASP wt with RGD peptide to block interaction of integrins with extracellular matrix (ECM) reduced barrier properties and Rac 1 activity in wt endothelial monolayers mimicking the situation in VASP (−/−) cells under resting conditions. Moreover, cAMP‐mediated Rac 1 activation was reduced under conditions of impaired integrin‐mediated adhesion in wt cells and cAMP‐induced increase in VE‐cadherin cytoskeletal anchorage was abolished in VASP (−/−) endothelium. In summary, these data indicate that VASP is required for integrin‐mediated adhesion which stabilizes endothelial barrier properties at least in part by facilitating Rac 1 activation. J. Cell. Physiol. 220: 357–366, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of oxirnes. IV. 2‐pyridinealdoxime methiodides from 2‐picoline methiodides
Authors: Markovac Anica , Ash Arthur B. , Stevens Calvin L. , Hackley Brennie E. , Steinberg George M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe Ortoleva‐King‐Krohnke sequence was used to prepare substituted 2‐pyridinealdoxime methiodides. The methodology was extended to prepare three analogs in which two molecules of 5‐hydroxy‐2‐pyridinealdoxime methiodide were coupled through the 5‐position with dihalides.
Diazo‐, Azo‐, and Azidoazoles. IV. Influence of substituents on the 2‐azidoimidazole/imidazo[1,2‐d]tetrazole equilibrium
Authors: Rull Montserrat , Vilarrasa Jaume 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe effect of various common groups on the equilibrium 3 ⇌ 4 is discussed based on the Hammett substituent constants and the values of field and resonance constants calculated by Hansch, et al. N‐Chloroacetyl, dichloroacetyl and trichloroacetyl derivatives of 2‐azidoimidazole were also prepared. The shifting of equilibrium to the tetrazole form does not depend on the whole electron‐attracting effect of a group, but it is mainly governed by its resonance electron‐withdrawing ability.
Synthesis of some sulfonium salts and ylides containing the isoxazole nucleus
Authors: Bravo Pierfrancesco , Gaviraghi Giovanni 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSome dimethylisoxazolylmethylsulfonium salts and the corresponding ylides were synthetized and their chemical behaviour studied. Dimethylsullonium‐5‐isoxazolyl methylides (XIa,b) give 5‐isoxazolyloxiranes (XIIa,d) and XIII when allowed to react with carbonyl compounds. Ring opening products from these oxiranes are also reported.
New helerocyclic ring systems from α‐llydroxymethylenekelones. VIII. Polyuzasteroidal analogues of equilenin
Authors: Fravolini A. , Martani A. , Grandolini G. , Strappaghetti G. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSome 6, 15,16‐triazasteroidal analogues of Equilenin carrying a 7‐methyl substituent have been synthesized from 4‐methyl‐7‐methoxy‐10,11]‐dihydroisoxazolo[5,4‐i]phenanthridine (III).
Synthesis of 1,4,6,7‐tetrahydroimidazo[2,1‐c] [1,2,4] triazines
Authors: Eberle Marcel K. , Schirm Paul 
Published: April 2009

AbstractFrom 2‐methylthioimidazoline and phenaeylbromides in DMF there were obtained the 2‐(2‐methylthio‐2‐imidazolin‐1‐yl)aeetopht'nones 3a‐3f. From these the substituted 3‐phenyl‐1,4,6,7‐tetrahytlroimidazo[2,1‐c][1,2,4]triazines 4a‐4n were prepared upon reaction with hydrazine and methylhydrazine respectively. Compound 4a was degraded to the triazine 6. From the (2‐methylthio‐2‐imidazolin‐l‐yl)‐acetie acid ester 10, the imidazo[2,1‐c] [1,2,4]triazines 11a‐11c were prepared. Selective ethylation on the oxygen was achieved with 11b in the presence of Meerwein' salt.
Synthesis of 4‐(4‐phenyl‐3‐pyrazolyl)‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazoles
Authors: Lang S. A. , Lovell F. M. , Cohen E. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract4‐(4‐PhenyI‐3‐pyrazolyl)‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazoles and 4‐phenyl‐5‐(4H‐1,2,4‐triazol4‐yl)‐3‐pyrazolols were prepared by the reaction of formylhydrazine on α‐phenyl‐α‐cyanoacetaldehydes and ethyl α‐phenyl‐α‐cyanoacetates.
Muss spectral fragmentation pattern of 2,2′‐bipyridyis. Part VI. 2,2′‐ thiodipyridine
Authors: Keats N. G. , Summers L. A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe mass spectral fragmentation of 2,2′‐thiodipyridine is reported. The base peak is due to the MI ion. The principal fragmentation routes involve loss of H, CS, CHCS and HCN from the molecular ion and CS, HCN and S from the. M‐I species. Rupture of the central bonds is also an important disintegration pathway.
The synthesis of nareielasie aldehyde and related lsocarbostyrils
Authors: Passannanti Salvatore , Paternostro Maria Pia , Piozzi Franco , Savona Giuseppe 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe synthesis of several isoearboslyrils is reported, including lorrnyl derivatives at (1‐4, like nareiclasie aldehyde (I) and the homologous aldehyde (XV).
Studies on the synthesis of heterocyclie compounds. II. Synthesis of 2,2‐disubstituted‐1,3‐benzoxathioles
Authors: Cabiddu Salvatore , Ciuccatosta Felicetta , Cocco Maria Teresa , Loi Giuseppe , Secci Mario 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe condensation of 2‐hydroxythiophenol (I) with acetylenic compounds (IIa‐g) or halo‐genated esters (IV, V, VIa and b) led to the synthesis of 2,2‐disubstituted‐1,3‐benzoxathioles (IIIa‐g). The structures of these compounds were established by elemental analysis and by ir and nmr spectra.