bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Doing Diabetes’: an evaluation of communication skills and behaviour change training for health professionals
Authors: Swanson V , Gold A , Keen A 
Published: April 2011

AbstractGood communication skills enhance consultations between health professionals and patients, leading to better patient outcomes and increased satisfaction. Health professionals working in diabetes can find it difficult to understand patients' apparent self‐management ‘failures’, but may lack psychological skills to support efforts at behaviour change. This paper reports on the impact of three‐day workshops using evidenced psychological theory as a basis for promoting communication and behaviour change skills in health professionals working in diabetes.Workshops were delivered in seven urban or rural health service areas in Scotland by a multidisciplinary team. Each included three full‐day sessions two weeks apart, and used a range of theoretically‐underpinned and evidenced teaching and learning methods. Eighty‐one health professionals working in diabetes care participated. Pre‐and post‐evaluations utilised questionnaires with closed and open questions.Participants recorded a significant increase in ‘positive’ communication and behaviour change techniques and a decrease in ‘negative’ techniques over the three workshops. Improved communication and behaviour change skills were perceived as having a positive impact on their understanding of patients' motivations and on their own day‐to‐day practice.In conclusion, communication and behaviour change skills are very important tools for health professionals working in diabetes care. They can be taught effectively in relatively few sessions using theoretically‐based and evidenced approaches, and have a perceived benefit in relation to enhancing patient care and professionals' satisfaction with clinical practice. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons.
Psychological insulin resistance: a critical review of the literature
Authors: Gherman A , Veresiu IA , Sassu RA , Schnur JB , Scheckner BL , Montgomery GH 
Published: April 2011

AbstractOur objective was to conduct a critical review of the factors that account for psychological insulin resistance (PIR) and of the available strategies to reduce it.Medline, PubMed, Cochrane reviews, PsycInfo, ProQuest, Science Direct, and EBSCO databases were searched and 60 studies were included in the final review. Topics reviewed included: research methods, instruments to assess PIR, PIR in patients and in the medical care team, and proposed strategies for overcoming it.The results showed that a large number of factors account for PIR in patients. The main categories are emotional, cognitive, social/cultural, and interaction with health providers. Physicians mainly delay insulin because they lack knowledge on guidelines or pancreas physiology, they fear inducing hypoglycaemia in elderly or impaired patients, and/or they lack time or personnel resources to teach initiation. Strategies proposed to reduce PIR are educational and psychological (exposure, desensitisation, relaxation and counselling).We concluded that there is a great need of evidence‐based interventions that help remove psychological barriers about insulin use in patients, as well as in health care providers. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons.
Diabetic cystopathy: do we recognise this in our patients?
Authors: Jose B , Karampini E , Pucci M , Burbridge W , Irwin S , De P 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA 44‐year‐old South Asian woman, with type 2 diabetes requiring insulin, presented with multiple syncopal episodes. Her diabetes was complicated by peripheral neuropathy, diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy. She also had features of autonomic neuropathy. Short synacthen test ruled out adrenal insufficiency; thyroid function was normal. HbA1c was elevated at 14.6% (136mmol/mol). Abdominal computed tomography showed grossly dilated bladder (9.5cm x 14cm x 17.5cm), compressing the mid‐ureter. The size suggested an on‐going chronic process, consistent with diabetic cystopathy.An indwelling urethral catheter relieved the bladder distension and the patient was later successfully educated to void the bladder by the clock rather than bladder sensation. Euglycaemia was achieved with twice‐daily pre‐mixed analogue insulin.Diabetic cystopathy is an under‐diagnosed complication of diabetes. Most contemporary investigators believe that the aetiology is multifactorial, including disturbances of the bladder detrusor muscle, urethra, autonomic nerves and perhaps the urothelium. This most troublesome of all the genitourinary complications of diabetes is often overlooked. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons.
Design, synthesis and characterization of a novel self‐doped polyaniline derivative
Authors: Liu Hongtao , Chao Danming , Liu Xincai , Jia Xiaoteng , He Libing , Cui Lili , Yao Lei , Wang Ce 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA type of self‐doped polyaniline derivative was successfully synthesized using an oxidative coupling polymerization approach. The structure of the electroactive polymer was investigated using Fourier transform infrared and 1H NMR spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography. Its thermal and spectral properties were characterized using thermogravimetric analysis and UV‐visible spectroscopy. The electrochemical activity of the polymer was studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV) in 1.0 mol L−1 H2SO4 solution with various scan rates. The peak current increases linearly with scan rate from 10 to 120 mV s−1, which indicates that the electrode reaction is controlled by a surface process. In addition, the self‐doped characteristic was investigated using CV in 1.0 mol L−1 KCl solution with pH value changing from 1 to 12, and the results indicate that the polymer has excellent electrochemical activity even in neutral and alkaline environments. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
A modified model of electrical conduction for carbon black–polymer composites
Authors: Yang Jia , Liang Jizhao 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA modified model of electrical conduction for carbon black‐polymer composites is proposed based on the general effective media theory and the number of carbon black particles per aggregate to describe their nonlinear conductive behavior. In order to consider the interactions between carbon black particles, a simple self‐consistent approach is used to improve the model. Expressions of electrical conductivity and percolation threshold are derived from the modified model. The predicted results of electrical conductivity and percolation threshold are in good agreement with experimental data reported in previous literature. Moreover, the dependences of electrical conductivity and percolation threshold on the number of carbon black particles per aggregate are discussed. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Fabrication of surface‐modified CdSe quantum dots by self‐assembly of a functionalizable comb polymer
Authors: Zou Wei , Du Zhong‐jie , Li Hang‐quan , Zhang Chen 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA facile approach is proposed for the fabrication of surface‐modified CdSe quantum dots (QDs) with compatibility with various media and better dispersibility by self‐assembly of a functionalizable comb polymer. The comb polymer was prepared from the reaction between the acyl chloride groups in poly(acryloyl chloride) and the hydroxyl groups in 1‐octadecanol. With the combination of the compatibility and entanglement of the aliphatic chain in 1‐octadecanol and similar aliphatic chain in oleic acid ligand of QDs, the comb polymer could cap on the QDs and thus endow them with functional groups. The structure of such a polymer was investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. According to the reactivity of remaining acyl chloride groups in the comb polymer, the polymer ligands could be tailored to be various structures, and then lipophilic, hydrophilic and functional QDs were obtained. The fluorescence properties of the surface‐modified QDs were investigated, and the morphologies and dispersions of different kinds of surface‐modified QDs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy. Finally, homogeneous and stable dispersions of QDs in various media could be realized by adjusting the structure of the comb polymer. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluation of heat treatment regimes and their influences on the properties of powder‐printed high‐density polyethylene bone implant
Authors: Suwanprateeb Jintamai , Kerdsook Somrudee , Boonsiri Tanyarat , Pratumpong Patcharee 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA two‐step heat treatment was utilized as a means to improve the mechanical properties of a high‐density polyethylene structure which was fabricated using the three‐dimensional printing technique. It was found that the relationship between structure and properties was strongly influenced by heat treatment conditions including treatment times (15–60 min) and treatment temperatures (140–180 °C) of both primary and secondary steps. The use of primary heating at 180 °C for 15 min and secondary heating at 160 °C for 60 min resulted in the highest tensile modulus and strength, 0.7 GPa and 14.8 MPa, respectively. The changes in both shrinkage and tensile properties were governed by the level of residual porosity and quality of polyethylene interface in samples which were both influenced by the degree of thermally induced densification and binder degradation. Empirical correlations between porosity and shrinkage or tensile properties were found to be power functions. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Current management of herpes skin infections in general practice
Authors: Islam Gayti , Kudesia Goura 
Published: April 2011

AbstractHerpes viruses are a common cause of viral skin infection ranging from chickenpox in children to shingles in older patients. Our Drug review discusses current management of herpes simplex and varicella‐zoster infections, followed by a review of prescription data and sources of further information. Copyright © 2011 Wiley Interface Ltd
Inverted bottom‐emission organic light emitting diodes using MoO3 for both hole and electron injections
Authors: Qin Dashan , Liu Jinsuo , Chen Yuhuan , Cheng Cuiran , Quan Wei 
Published: April 2011

AbstractInverted bottom‐emission organic light emitting diodes (IBOLEDs) using MoO3 for both hole and electron injections were fabricated. The IBOLED using 10 nm MoO3 for hole injection and 5 nm MoO3/5 nm Li2CO3 doped bathocuproine (Li2CO3:BCP, 1:4 in mass) for electron injection showed nearly same I–V characteristics as the reference device utilizing 10 nm MoO3 for hole injection and 10 nm 1:4 Li2CO3:BCP for electron injection, whereas, the former device provided increased current efficiencies than the latter device, as a result of the relieved diffusion of n‐typed dopant into the emissive layer in the former device. We provide an efficient, low‐cost alternative to realizing the electron injection in IBOLEDs.
Electronic and magneto‐optic properties of Co‐ and Ni‐doped small quantum dots of indium nitrides
Authors: Pozhar Liudmila 
Published: April 2011

AbstractStructural defects in aluminium nitride (AlN) get visible in panchromatic cathodoluminescence (CL) maps as luminescence at 340 nm and 630 nm is locally enhanced. Low‐angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) and dislocations can be detected as long as they are sufficiently decorated and the defect‐related contrast is higher than local variations in background CL intensity. We applied the method to c ‐plane and a ‐plane cuts of one of our off‐oriented grown AlN crystals and describe occurrence, routes, and dissolution into dislocation bunches of LAGBs. We found that the vast majority of LAGBs are uneven a ‐planes which extend in a preferential m ‐ as well as in c ‐direction. As a consequence, their density decreases only slightly during growth (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Hole traps in n‐GaN detected by minority carrier transient spectroscopy
Authors: Tokuda Yutaka , Yamada Yujiro , Shibata Tatsunari , Yamaguchi Shintaro , Ueda Hiroyuki , Uesugi Tsutomu , Kachi Tetsu 
Published: April 2011

AbstractMinority carrier transient spectroscopy (MCTS) has been applied for the detection of hole traps in n‐GaN using Schottky diodes. MCTS using 355 nm light emitting diodes is performed under isothermal conditions in the temperature range 280 to 330 K for n‐GaN grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition on sapphire. Isothermal MCTS spectra reveal the Ev + 0.86 eV hole trap with the trap concentration of 1.1x1016 cm‐3. The Ev + 0.86 eV hole trap has the higher concentration as compared to electron traps observed by deep level transient spectroscopy. Thus, the isothermal MCTS around room temperature provides a convenient way to evaluate the dominant trap in n‐GaN. It is suggested that the Ev + 0.86 eV hole trap is associated with the VGa‐related defect or carbon‐related defect. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Epitaxial growth of GaN films on Cr‐compound buffer layers by plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Park Jinsub , Lee Wook Hyun , Lee Seog Woo , Ha Jun‐Seok , Cho Meoung Whan , Yao Takafumi 
Published: April 2011

AbstractEpitaxial GaN layers were successfully grown on Al2O3 substrate with CrN buffer layer by plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PA MBE). In order to form CrN layer, two kinds of formation methods are used such as nitridation of Cr‐metal and conventional MBE growth without extra process. With reflection high energy electron diffraction pattern analysis and x‐ray diffraction (XRD) measurement, it was confirmed that formed CrN layers have a cubic structured (111) CrN with single phase at all growth temperatures. Based on photoluminescence and XRD measurements, we suggest that the procedure of CrN buffer layer formation is more preferred the conventional MBE growth to nitrided Cr metal layer for GaN growth. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Laser ablation isotope ratio mass spectrometry for enhanced sensitivity and spatial resolution in stable isotope analysis
Authors: Moran James J. , Newburn Matt K. , Alexander M. Lizabeth , Sams Robert L. , Kelly James F. , Kreuzer Helen W. 
Published: April 2011

Stable isotope analysis permits the tracking of physical, chemical, and biological reactions and source materials at a wide variety of spatial scales. We present a laser ablation isotope ratio mass spectrometry (LA‐IRMS) method that enables δ13C measurement of solid samples at 50 µm spatial resolution. The method does not require sample pre‐treatment to physically separate spatial zones. We use laser ablation of solid samples followed by quantitative combustion of the ablated particulates to convert sample carbon into CO2. Cryofocusing of the resulting CO2 coupled with modulation in the carrier flow rate permits coherent peak introduction into an isotope ratio mass spectrometer, with only 65 ng carbon required per measurement. We conclusively demonstrate that the measured CO2 is produced by combustion of laser‐ablated aerosols from the sample surface.We measured δ13C for a series of solid compounds using laser ablation and traditional solid sample analysis techniques. Both techniques produced consistent isotopic results but the laser ablation method required over two orders of magnitude less sample. We demonstrated that LA‐IRMS sensitivity coupled with its 50 µm spatial resolution could be used to measure δ13C values along a length of hair, making multiple sample measurements over distances corresponding to a single day's growth.This method will be highly valuable in cases where the δ13C analysis of small samples over prescribed spatial distances is required. Suitable applications include forensic analysis of hair samples, investigations of tightly woven microbial systems, and cases of surface analysis where there is a sharp delineation between different components of a sample. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multi‐equilibrium property of metabolic networks: Exclusion of multi‐stability for SSN metabolic modules
Authors: Lei Hong‐Bo , Zhang Ji‐Feng , Chen Luonan 
Published: April 2011

SUMMARYIt is a fundamental and important problem whether or not a metabolic network can admit multiple equilibria in a living organism. Due to the complexity of the metabolic network, it is generally a difficult task to study the problem as a whole from both analytical and numerical viewpoints. In this paper, a structure‐oriented modularization research framework is proposed to analyze the multi‐stability of metabolic networks. We first decompose a metabolic network into four types of basic building blocks (called metabolic modules) according to the particularity of its structure, and then focus on one type of these basic building blocks—the single substrate and single product with no inhibition (SSN) module, by deriving a nonlinear ordinary differential equation (ODE) model based on the Hill kinetics. We show that the injectivity of the vector field of the ODE model is equivalent to the nonsingularity of its Jacobian matrix, which enables us equivalently to convert an unverifiable sufficient condition for the absence of multiple equilibria of an SSN module into a verifiable one. Moreover, we prove that this sufficient condition holds for the SSN module in a living organism. Such a theoretical result not only provides a general framework for modeling metabolic networks, but also shows that the SSN module in a living organism cannot be multi‐stable. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A likelihood‐based comparison of temporal models for physical processes
Authors: Braverman Amy , Cressie Noel , Teixeira Joao 
Published: April 2011

AbstractMany scientific and engineering problems involve physical modeling of complex processes. Sometimes multiple candidate models are available, and their performance can be compared by how well their outputs match observations. Various summary statistics can be used for this purpose, but no matter which statistics are chosen, it is important that comparisons based on them be considered in light of the inherent variability of the data used in their calculation. In this article, we consider the variability of a summary statistic through an empirical likelihood. The approach is nonparametric in the sense that a moving‐block bootstrap procedure is used to obtain the empirical likelihood. Relative figures of merit for each candidate model are formed as the ratio of each candidate model's likelihood to the largest likelihood. We use a small simulation study to show that our procedure can correctly distinguish between different time series models, and then we demonstrate how the method can be used to evaluate the output of 20 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) atmospheric models based on their agreement with the observations. © 2011 California Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship acknowledged. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 2011
Organic Molecules Reconstruct Nanostructures on Ionic Surfaces
Authors: Trevethan Thomas , Such Bartosz , Glatzel Thilo , Kawai Shigeki , Shluger Alexander L. , Meyer Ernst , de Mendoza Paula , Echavarren Antonio M. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractModification and functionalization of the atomic‐scale structure of insulating surfaces is fundamental to catalysis, self‐assembly, and single‐molecule technologies. Specially designed syn‐5,10,15‐tris(4‐cyanophenylmethyl)truxene molecules can reshape features on an ionic KBr (001) surface. Atomic force microscopy images demonstrate that both KBr monolayer islands and pits can reshape from rectangular to round structures, a process which is directly facilitated by molecular adsorption. Simulations reveal that the mechanism of the surface reconstruction consists of collective atomic hops of ions on the step edges of the islands and pits, which correlate with molecular motion. The energy barriers for individual processes are reduced by the presence of the adsorbed molecules, which cause surface structural changes. These results show how appropriately designed organic molecules can modify surface morphology on insulating surfaces. Such strongly adsorbed molecules can also serve as anchoring sites for building new nanostructures on inert insulating surfaces.
Introducing agile customer‐centered development in a legacy software product line
Authors: Bosch Jan , Bosch‐Sijtsema Petra M. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe ability to rapidly respond to customer interest and to effectively prioritize development effort has been a long‐standing challenge for mass‐market software intensive products. This problem is exacerbated in the context of software product lines as functionality may easily fall over software asset and organizational boundaries with consequent losses in efficiency and nimbleness. Some companies facing these problems in their product line respond with a new development process. In this paper we discuss the developments within a single case study, Intuit's Quickbooks product line that combined agile software development, design thinking and self‐organizing teams in a successful approach, which provided a significant improvement in terms of responsiveness and accuracy of building customer value. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Second‐trimester soft markers: relation to first‐trimester nuchal translucency in unaffected pregnancies
Authors: Miguelez J. , De Lourdes Brizot M. , Liao A. W. , De Carvalho M. H. B. , Zugaib M. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjectiveGenetic sonography following first‐trimester combined screening appears to increase substantially detection rates for Down syndrome but it relies on the unproved assumption of independence between these tests. In this study we aimed to investigate the relationship between first‐trimester nuchal translucency (NT) and a series of second‐trimester soft markers and structural defects in unaffected pregnancies.MethodsNT measurement in the first trimester was followed by second‐trimester scan (18 to 23 + 6 weeks) including examination for three categorical markers (intracardiac echogenic foci, hyperechogenic bowel and structural defects) and measurement of nasal bone length, nuchal‐fold thickness, femur length, humerus length, renal pelvis diameter and prenasal thickness. All continuous variables were expressed in multiples of the median (MoM) for gestation and correlation coefficients between log‐transformed NT and second‐trimester variables were calculated. In addition, frequencies of soft markers and structural defects in cases with increased NT were compared to those with normal NT, using MoM cut‐offs.ResultsIn a dataset of 1970 cases, NT was significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with all second‐trimester continuous variables, the correlation being strongest for nuchal‐fold thickness (r = 0.10). There was a higher frequency of cases with second‐trimester nuchal‐fold thickness above the 97.5th centile (10.7 vs. 2.2%) and hyperechogenic bowel (2.4 vs. 0.1%) in cases with increased NT.ConclusionsStraightforward reassessment of risk using likelihood ratios derived from the second‐trimester genetic sonogram might lead to inaccurate estimates. Multivariate models using continuous second‐trimester variables might be preferable in sequential screening strategies. Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Climate change and spaceflight: an historiographical review
Authors: Launius Roger D. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis article discusses the broad use of space‐based resources to study climate change and the historical efforts to understand this effort. The historiography of this subject is still in its infancy, but there are several benchmark studies that focus on NASA's efforts along these lines. The key work of Erik Conway, Mark Bowen, and other recent researchers inform this study. This article concludes with a discussion of possibilities for future historical studies in climate change and spaceflight. WIREs Clim Change 2011 2 412–427 DOI: 10.1002/wcc.114This article is categorized under:

Climate, History, Society, Culture > Technological Aspects and Ideas