bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Determination of Sulfation and Glucuronidation of Flavones in FVB Mouse Intestine in Vitro and in Vivo
Authors: Fan Yanfang , Tang Lan , Zhou Juan , Feng Qian , Xia Bijun , Liu Zhongqiu 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTGlucuronidation and sulfation are the two major phase II metabolic pathways for flavones, natural compounds that hold great potential for improving human health. We investigated the positional preference for sulfation and glucuronidation of seven structurally similar flavones in vitro and in situ. An FVB mouse intestinal perfusion model was used in addition to three small intestine S9 fractions catalyzing sulfation only (Sult enzymes), glucuronidation only (Ugt enzymes) or both (Sult and Ugt enzymes). In both the single and co‐reaction S9 systems, flavones containing 7‐OH groups were conjugated only at 7‐OH despite the presence of other hydroxyl groups, and 7‐OH glucuronidation was faster than sulfation (P < 0.05). The sulfation rate was enhanced in the Sult‐Ugt co‐reaction system, while glucuronidation was usually unchanged by the presence of Sult. In the intestinal perfusate, sulfation patterns were the same in the small intestine and colon, and the excretion rate of 7‐O‐sulfate was the fastest or second fastest. The excretion of 7‐O‐glucuronidates was faster in small intestine (P < 0.05) than in colon. The S9‐mediated sulfation rates of the different flavones were significantly correlated with the excretion rates of the same flavones from perfused intestine. In conclusion, flavone glucuronidation and sulfation rates were sensitive to minor changes in molecular structure. In intestinal S9 fractions, both Ugts and Sults preferentially catalyzed reactions at 7‐OH. The sulfation rate was significantly enhanced by simultaneous glucuronidation, but glucuronidation was unaltered by sulfation. Sulfation rates in mouse S9 fractions correlated with sulfation rates in perfused intestine. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemokine receptor CXCR7 mediates human endothelial progenitor cells survival, angiogenesis, but not proliferation
Authors: Yan Xiaoqing , Cai Shaoxi , Xiong Xin , Sun Wei , Dai Xiaozhen , Chen Sijia , Ye Qunfang , Song Zhen , Jiang Qifeng , Xu Zhiling 
Published: December 2011

AbstractStromal cell‐derived factor 1 (SDF‐1) is a critical regulator of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) mediated physiological and pathologic angiogenesis. It was considered to act via its unique receptor CXCR4 for a long time. CXCR7 is a second, recently identified receptor for SDF‐1, and its role in human EPCs is unclear. In present study, CXCR7 was found to be scarcely expressed on the surface of human EPCs derived from cord blood, but considerable intracellular CXCR7 was detected, which differs from that on EPCs derived from rat bone marrow. CXCR7 failed to support SDF‐1 induced human EPCs migration, proliferation, or nitric oxide (NO) production, but mediated human EPCs survival exclusively. Besides that, CXCR7 mediated EPCs tube formation along with CXCR4. Blocking CXCR7 with its antagonist CCX733 impaired SDF‐1/CXCR4 induced EPCs adhesion to active HUVECs and trans‐endothelial migration. Those results suggested that CXCR7 plays an important role in human cord blood derived EPCs in response to SDF‐1. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 1437–1446, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Activation of notch‐1 enhances epithelial–mesenchymal transition in gefitinib‐acquired resistant lung cancer cells
Authors: Xie Mian , Zhang Li , He Chao‐sheng , Xu Fei , Liu Jun‐ling , Hu Zhi‐huang , Zhao Li‐ping , Tian Ying 
Published: December 2011

AbstractDespite an initial response to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR‐TKI) in EGFR mutant lung cancer, most patients eventually become resistant and result in treatment failure. Recent studies have shown that epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is associated with drug resistance and cancer cell metastasis. Strong multiple gene signature data indicate that EMT acts as a determinant of insensitivity to EGFR‐TKI. However, the exact mechanism for the acquisition of the EMT phenotype in EGFR‐TKI resistant lung cancer cells remains unclear. In the present study, we showed that the expression of Notch‐1 was highly upregulated in gefitinib‐resistant PC9/AB2 lung cancer cells. Notch‐1 receptor intracellular domain (N1IC), the activated form of the Notch‐1 receptor, promoted the EMT phenotype in PC9 cells. Silencing of Notch‐1 using siRNA reversed the EMT phenotype and restored sensitivity to gefitinib in PC9/AB2 cells. Moreover, Notch‐1 reduction was also involved in inhibition of anoikis as well as colony‐formation activity of PC9/AB2 cells. Taken together, these results provide strong molecular evidence that gefitinib‐acquired resistance in lung cancer cells undergoing EMT occurs through activation of Notch‐1 signaling. Thus, inhibition of Notch‐1 can be a novel strategy for the reversal of the EMT phenotype thereby potentially increasing therapeutic drug sensitivity to lung cancer cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 1501–1513, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CaM kinase control of AKT and LNCaP cell survival
Authors: Schmitt John M. , Smith Samantha , Hart Brendon , Fletcher Luke 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAKT and its substrate BAD have been shown to promote prostate cancer cell survival. Agonists, such as carbachol, and hormones that increase intracellular calcium concentration can activate AKT leading to cancer cell survival. The LNCaP prostate cancer cells express the carbachol‐sensitive M3‐subtype of G protein‐coupled receptors that cause increases in intracellular calcium and activate the family of Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinases (CaM Ks). One type of CaM Kinase, CaM Kinase Kinase (CaM KK), phosphorylates several substrates including AKT on threonine 308. AKT phosphorylation and activation enhances cell survival through phosphorylation of BAD protein and the subsequent blockade of caspase activation. Our goals were to examine the mechanism of carbachol activation of AKT and BAD in LNCaP prostate cancer cells and evaluate whether CaM KK may be mediating carbachol's activation of AKT and cell survival. Our results suggest that carbachol treatment of LNCaP cells promoted cell survival through CaM KK and its phosphorylation of AKT. The bacterial toxin anisomycin triggered caspase‐3 activation in LNCaP cells that was blocked by carbachol in a CaM KK‐ and AKT‐dependent manner. AKT and BAD phosphorylation were blocked by the selective CaM KK inhibitor, STO‐609, as well as siRNA directed against CaM KK. BAD phosphorylation was also blocked by treating cells with the AKT inhibitor, AKT‐X, as well as siRNA to AKT. Additionally, epinephrine promoted LNCaP cell survival through activation of AKT that was insensitive to STO‐609. Taken together these data suggest a survival role for CaM KK operating through AKT and BAD in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 1514–1526, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
IL‐4 induces proliferation in prostate cancer PC3 cells under nutrient‐depletion stress through the activation of the JNK‐pathway and survivin up‐regulation
Authors: Roca Hernan , Craig Matthew J. , Ying Chi , Varsos Zachary S. , Czarnieski Paul , Alva Ajjai S. , Hernandez James , Fuller David , Daignault Stephanie , Healy Patrick N. , Pienta Kenneth J. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractInterleukin (IL)‐4 plays a critical role in the regulation of immune responses and has been detected at high levels in the tumor microenvironment of cancer patients where it correlates with the grade of malignancy. The direct effect of IL‐4 on cancer cells has been associated with increased cell survival; however, its role in cancer cell proliferation and related mechanisms is still unclear. Here it was shown that in a nutrient‐depleted environment, IL‐4 induces proliferation in prostate cancer PC3 cells. In these cells, under nutrient‐depletion stress, IL‐4 activates mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including Erk, p38, and JNK. Using MAP‐signaling‐specific inhibitors, it was shown that IL‐4‐induced proliferation is mediated by JNK activation. In fact, JNK‐inhibitor‐V (JNKi‐V) stunted IL‐4‐mediated cell proliferation. Furthermore, it was found that IL‐4 induces survivin up‐regulation in nutrient‐depleted cancer cells. Using survivin‐short‐hairpin‐RNAs (shRNAs), it was demonstrated that in this milieu survivin expression above a threshold limit is critical to the mechanism of IL‐4‐mediated proliferation. In addition, the significance of survivin up‐regulation in a stressed environment was assessed in prostate cancer mouse xenografts. It was found that survivin knockdown decreases tumor progression in correlation with cancer cell proliferation. Furthermore, under nutrient depletion stress, IL ‐4 could induce proliferation in cancer cells from multiple origins: MDA‐MB‐231 (breast), A253 (head and neck), and SKOV‐3 (ovarian). Overall, these findings suggest that in a tumor microenvironment under stress conditions, IL‐4 triggers a simultaneous activation of the JNK‐pathway and the up‐regulation of survivin turning on a cancer proliferation mechanism. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 1569–1580, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Serial administration of a modified richmond agitation and sedation scale for delirium screening
Authors: Chester Jennifer G. , Beth Harrington Mary , Rudolph James L. ,   on behalf of the VA Delirium Working Group
Published: December 2011

AbstractOBJECTIVES:Because delirium is a common yet frequently unrecognized condition, this study sought to design a brief screening tool for a core feature of mental status and to validate the instrument as a serial assessment for delirium.DESIGN:Prospective cohort study.SETTING:Tertiary VA Hospital in New England.PARTICIPANTS:A total of 95 veterans admitted to the medical service.METHODS:A consensus panel developed a modified version of the Richmond Agitation and Sedation Scale (RASS) to capture alterations in consciousness. Upon admission, and daily thereafter, patients were screened with a modified RASS (mRASS) and independently underwent a comprehensive mental status interview by a geriatric expert, who determined whether the criteria for delirium were met. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive likelihood ratio (LR) of the mRASS for delirium are reported.RESULTS:As a single assessment, the mRASS had a sensitivity of 64% and a specificity of 93% for delirium (LR, 9.4). When used to detect change, serial mRASS assessments had a sensitivity of 74% and a specificity of 92% (LR, 8.9) in both prevalent and incident delirium. When prevalent cases were excluded, any change in the mRASS had a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 92% for incident delirium (LR, 10.2)CONCLUSION:When administered daily, the mRASS has good sensitivity and specificity for incident delirium. Given the brevity of the instrument (<30 seconds), consideration should be given to incorporating the modified RASS as a daily screening measure for consciousness and delirium. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2012; © 2012 Society of Hospital Medicine
Non‐contrast enhanced MR angiography: Established techniques
Authors: Miyazaki Mitsue , Akahane Masaaki 
Published: December 2011

AbstractUntil recently, time‐of‐flight (TOF) and phase contrast (PC) were the only non‐contrast MR angiography (NC‐MRA) techniques practically used in clinical. In the decade, NC‐MRA have been gained a revival of an interest among the MR researchers and scientists, in part because of safety concerns related to the possible link between gadolinium‐based contrast agents and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF). This article introduces other established NC‐MRA techniques, such as ECG‐gated partial Fourier fast spin echo (FSE) and balanced steady‐state free precession (bSSFP), both with and without arterial spin labeling. Then, the article focuses on two main applications: peripheral run‐off and renal MRA. Recently, both applications have achieved remarkable advancements and have become a viable clinical option as an alternative to contrast‐enhanced (CE)‐MRA. In addition, developments on the horizon including whole body MRA applications and further advancement at 3 Tesla are discussed. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;35:1‐19. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enzymatic interesterification of oils
Authors: Gibon Véronique 
Published: December 2011

AbstractDue to health concerns, the food industry now aims to replace partially hydrogenated oils by other products having similar techno‐functional properties. There is a growing interest to produce trans‐free fats through interesterification technology. Enzymatic interesterification (EIE) has received considerable attention in recent years to replace chemical interesterification (CIE). Increased interest for EIE is related to the production of margarines and shortenings and also to the design of other innovative food fats.
The use of NMR in lipid analysis: Characterisation of E484, castor oil polyethylene glycol
Authors: Diehl Bernd W.K. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract1H NMR spectroscopy enables the selective analysis of castor oil polyethylene glycol or E484 – an emulsifier commonly used in animal feed. The specific chemical composition of castor oil and the chemical substructures after the reaction with ethylene oxide enables the detection of E484 types in raw materials as well as in finished products and its differentiation from other polyethylene glycol based emulsifier systems. The detailed analysis of the NMR signals and the corresponding integral ratios gives values for the mean ethylene glycol units per mol fatty acid and provides significant parameters for monitoring the reaction kinetics and the by‐product profile.
Self‐Healing Rubbers Based on NBR Blends with Hyperbranched Polyethylenimines
Authors: Schüssele Andreas C. , Nübling Fritz , Thomann Yi , Carstensen Oliver , Bauer Georg , Speck Thomas , Mülhaupt Rolf 
Published: December 2011

AbstractHyperbranched PEI and urea‐functionalized PEI amphiphiles are employed as additives in NBR compounding. Polarity design governing phase separation, PEI migration and PEI‐mediated self‐healing of NBR is demonstrated. The compatibility of PEI and NBR decreases with increasing molecular weight of PEI and with decreasing degree of substitution. Microphase‐separated NBR/PEI blends are prepared with varying PEI molecular architectures. Thermal self‐healing of NBR/PEI is monitored by applying tests combining crack initiation with annealing under compression. All PEI additives show complete crack‐healing upon annealing at 100 °C for 12 h. In contrast to neat NBR, the NBR/PEI‐2 blend afforded a self‐healing efficiency of 44% after cutting and re‐joining by compression and annealing.magnified image
Mechanical and Optical Properties of Polyamide 6/Clay Nanocomposite Cast Films: Influence of the Degree of Exfoliation
Authors: Soulestin Jérémie , Rashmi Baralu J. , Bourbigot Serge , Lacrampe Marie‐France , Krawczak Patricia 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPA6 nanocomposite films with different nanoclay dispersion degrees are prepared by melt compounding and cast extrusion. The dispersion of the MMT platelets (homogeneity and degree of exfoliation) is evaluated qualitatively by TEM and quantitatively by rheology and NMR; it ranges from microcomposites to highly exfoliated nanocomposites. Compared to neat PA6, the optical properties (clarity, gloss, haze) are worse for the microcomposites and better for the nanocomposites. The mechanical properties depend strongly on the exfoliation level. Better exfoliation leads to higher stiffness. The strain at break decreases compared to neat PA6 films even in the case of highly exfoliated nanocomposites films. At low MMT content, the microcomposite has a higher ductility than well exfoliated nanocomposites films.magnified image
Construction of global‐in‐time solutions to Kolmogorov‐Feller pseudodifferential equations with a small parameter using characteristics
Authors: Albeverio Sergio , Danilov Vladimir 
Published: December 2011

AbstractUsing an idea going back to Madelung, we construct global in time solutions to the transport equation corresponding to the asymptotic solution of the Kolmogorov‐Feller equation describing a system with diffusion, potential and jump terms. To do that we use the construction of a generalized delta‐shock solution of the continuity equation for a discontinuous velocity field. We also discuss corresponding problem of asymptotic solution construction (Maslov tunnel asymptotics).
Computing invariants via slicing groupoids: Gel'fand MacPherson, Gale and positive characteristic stable maps
Authors: Alper Jarod 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe offer a groupoid‐theoretic approach to computing invariants. We illustrate this approach by describing the Gel'fand‐MacPherson correspondence and the Gale transform. We also provide Zariski‐local descriptions of the moduli space of ordered points in \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathbb {P}^1$\end{document}. We give an explicit description of the moduli space \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$M_0(\mathbb {P}^1,2)$\end{document} over \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mbox{Spec}\mathbb {Z}$\end{document}. In characteristic 2, the singularity at the totally ramified cover is isomorphic to the affine cone over the Veronese embedding \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathbb {P}^1 \rightarrow \mathbb {P}^4$\end{document}.
Probing Polymersome‐Protein and ‐Cell Interactions: Influence of Different End‐Groups and Environments
Authors: Bleul Regina , Bachran Diana , Thiermann Raphael , Bertin Annabelle , Fuchs Hendrik , Maskos Michael 
Published: December 2011

AbstractDeveloping polymersomes for drug delivery purposes requires a deeper understanding of their behavior in physiological environment. We performed the self‐assembly and in‐situ loading of polybutadiene‐block‐polyethyleneoxide (PB‐b‐PEO) polymersomes in a continuous process using micromixers. Varying the length and end‐groups of the starting block copolymer allows us to control the polymer membrane thickness and surface functionalities (hydroxyl or carboxylic acid), required to realize a further coupling with specific cell targeting ligands. To get a deeper understanding of these polymersomes in physiological environment, we studied the cellular response (HeLa cells) in presence of various polymersomes, and showed by cytotoxicity tests the relative biocompatibility of the systems. Flow cytometry experiments at 4 °C in PBS buffer showed a different behavior of hydroxyl‐functionalized vesicles compared to carboxylic acid‐functionalized vesicles. On the contrary cell binding in DMEM medium supplemented with 10% FCS was almost completely blocked with both kinds of polymersomes. Protein adsorption measurements by dynamic light scattering confirmed that protein binding occurs in all cases, which apparently influences the particle‐cell interaction. This study contributes towards a deeper understanding of polymersomes in biological environment and further investigations will help us to design highly effective polymersomes for in vitro as well as in vivo applications.
Photo‐Crosslinkable Poly(trimethylene carbonate)‐Based Macromers for Closure of Ruptured Intervertebral Discs
Authors: Sharifi Shahriar , Kranenburg Hendrik‐Jan C. , Meij Björn P. , Grijpma Dirk W. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn patients with low back pain, surgical removal of the partially herniated nucleus pulposus may lead to clinical improvement but ultimately leads to intervertebral disc degeneration and recurrence of back pain is frequent. As an alternative treatment, use of an injectable material which solidifies in situ, is proposed. Such materials can easily fill oddly‐shaped defects in the annulus fibrosus and seal the disc through a minimally invasive surgical procedure, thereby protecting the disc from further degeneration. In this study, a series of injectable and photo‐crosslinkable macromers based on poly trimethylene carbonate (PTMC) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) were prepared. It is shown that these materials are injectable and solidify within two minutes upon illumination with visible light. By varying the PTMC to PEG block ratios, material properties such as elastic modulus and water content could easily be tuned to match those of the native annulus fibrosus. Ex vivo results using canine cadaveric spines showed the potential of the materials to seal an opening in the annulus fibrosus, although the adhesion of the photo‐crosslinked material to the disc tissue needs to be improved.
Reducing the Endotoxin Burden of Desaminotyrosine‐ and Desaminotyrosyl Tyrosine‐Functionalized Gelatin
Authors: Roch Toralf , Pierce Benjamin F. , Zaupa Alessandro , Jung Friedrich , Neffe Axel T. , Lendlein Andreas 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBiomaterial‐induced autoregeneration requires materials with distinct tailored mechanical and thermal properties, water uptake and swelling properties as well as degradation behavior. Furthermore, before any biomaterial can be applied in vivo, in vitro studies should be performed that confirm the suitability for such applications. One facet in this process is the evaluation of endotoxin loads and immunogenic response to the material to avoid an unspecific activation of the immune system, which otherwise might cause fever and could lead to life–threatening pathologies. In this study, gelatins functionalized with desaminotyrosine (DAT) or desaminotyrosyl tyrosine (DATT) were investigated in terms of their endotoxin content and their potential to induce an inflammatory cytokine response in macrophages. Using the Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test it could be shown that the endotoxin content was substantially reduced by using certified low endotoxin containing gelatin and performing the gelatin functionalization under cleanroom conditions. Furthermore, production of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 6 (IL‐6) and tumor necrosis factor–alpha (TNFα) of an immune relevant macrophage cell line was significantly reduced for these materials. The survival of the macrophage cell line in the presence of DAT(T)‐functionalized gelatins was not influenced by both materials. Therefore, DAT‐ and DATT‐functionalized gelatins were shown to have passed the tests concerning immunological responses important for their applicability in vivo.
In Vivo Application of Poly(1,3‐trimethylene carbonate) as a Scleral Buckle in a Rabbit Model
Authors: Wójcik Katarzyna , Verdoold Vincent , Koopmans Steven A. , de Vos Sandra N.V. , Grijpma Dirk W. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractRetinal detachments can be repaired with the use of cerclages. Currently non‐resorbable silicone scleral buckle implants are used to indent the eye and in that way increase the internal pressure of the eye. The use of resorbable implants has advantages over using non‐resorbable materials. High molecular weight poly(1,3‐trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) is a flexible and biodegradable polymer that has great potential in soft tissue engineering and the preparation of resorbable implants like scleral buckles. To be able to use PTMC devices in clinical applications, a full biocompatibility study of the polymer was first evaluated. Then the indentation of the eye over time using a PTMC scleral buckle was assessedin vivoin a rabbit model.