bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and associated factors of premenstrual dysphoric disorder among high school students in Finote Selam town, northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Kibralew Getasew , Demilew Demeke , Koye Selam , Yitayih Sewbesew , Kelebie Mulualem , Melkam Mamaru , Tadesse Gebresilassie , Fentahun Setegn , Nakie Girum , Wassie Yilkal Abebaw , Amare Tadele 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundPremenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is the most prevalent but neglected psychiatric disorder, with somatic symptoms that are severe enough to markedly affect usual daily activities and have a negative impact on mental health and quality of life by affecting female patients’ behavior and cognition. Studies regarding premenstrual dysphoric disorder and associated factors among high school students in low- and middle-income countries are limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of PMDD among high school students, and this is pivotal in further investigation.MethodsA school-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 25 to April 17, 2023 using a simple random-sampling technique to select a sample of 564 participants. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder was assessed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Self-administered standardized questionnaires were used to collect data.ResultA total of 548 study participants participated, with a 97.2% response rate. The prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric disorder among high school students was found to be 33.03% (95%CI: 29.20–37.09). In a multivariable analysis, irregular menstruation cycle (AOR = 4.242, 95%CI = 2.182–8.246), depression (AOR = 5.272, 95%CI = 2.779–10.002), having greater than 4 days of menstruation bleeding duration (AOR = 2.138, 95%CI = 1.105–4.138), and high perceived stress (AOR = 3.468, 95%CL = 1.217–9.880) were the factors significantly associated with premenstrual dysphoric disorder.ConclusionThe overall prevalence of PMDD which was one-third among high school students was high. Moreover, long duration of menstruation bleeding, depressive symptoms, irregular menstruation cycle, and high perceived stress were significant factors in PMDD. Therefore, it needs early screening and intervention in primary healthcare settings, especially for those who have high perceived stress, having depression, having a long duration of menstruation bleeding, and having an irregular menstruation cycle, so as to have good academic achievement and psychological wellbeing.
Levodopa-based device-aided therapies for the treatment of advanced Parkinson’s disease: a social return on investment analysis
Authors: Denham Inez , Maurin Roxanne , Deltetto Irene , Mikolaizak Anna Stefanie , Waern Jenny B. , Taylor Colman 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionParkinson’s disease (PD) is an incurable, progressive, neurodegenerative disorder. As PD advances and symptoms progress, patients become increasingly dependent on family and carers. Traditional cost-effectiveness analyses (CEA) only consider patient and payer-related outcomes, failing to acknowledge impacts on families, carers, and broader society. This novel Social Return on Investment (SROI) analysis aimed to evaluate the broader impact created by improving access to levodopa (LD) device-aided therapies (DATs) for people living with advanced PD (aPD) in Australia.MethodsA forecast SROI analysis over a three-year time horizon was conducted. People living with aPD and their families were recruited for qualitative interviews or a quantitative survey. Secondary research and clinical trial data was used to supplement the primary research. Outcomes were valued and assessed in a SROI value map in Microsoft Excel™. Financial proxies were assigned to each final outcome based on willingness-to-pay, economic valuation, and replacement value. Treatment cost inputs were sourced from Pharmaceutical Benefits Schedule (PBS) and Medicare Benefits Scheme (MBS) published prices.ResultsTwenty-four interviews were conducted, and 55 survey responses were received. For every $1 invested in access to LD-based DATs in Australia, an estimated $1.79 of social value is created. Over 3 years, it was estimated $277.16 million will be invested and $406.77 million of social return will be created. This value is shared between people living with aPD (27%), their partners (22%), children (36%), and the Australian Government (15%). Most of the value created is social and emotional in nature, including reduced worry, increased connection to family and friends, and increased hope for the future.DiscussionInvestment in LD-based DATs is expected to generate a positive social return. Over 50% of the value is created for the partners and children of people living with aPD. This value would not be captured in traditional CEA. The SROI methodology highlights the importance of investing in aPD treatment, capturing the social value created by improved access to LD-based DATs.
The association of physical activity and sedentary behavior with depression in US adults: NHANES 2007–2018
Authors: Meng Yanli , Ma Ning , Shi Yixin , Zhang Ning , Wu Jing , Cui Xia , Niu Wenquan 
Published: June 2024

ObjectivesDepression is largely preventable, and strategies that can effectively suppress its development are imperative. We aimed to examine whether physical activity and sedentary behavior were associated with depression and explore the possible mediatory role of complete blood count in this association.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, data were integrated from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Study (2007–2018). Depression was defined using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. The risk for depression, expressed as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI), was quantified by survey-weighted logistic regression analyses.ResultsA total of 31,204 respondents were analyzed. Significance was identified for all, except walking or bicycling per week, types of physical activity, and sedentary behavior. Per 1 standard deviation (SD) increment in metabolic equivalent of task (MET) of weekly vigorous recreational physical activity was associated with 31.3% decreased depression risk (adjusted OR: 0.687, 95% CI: 0.5663–0.840). Per 1 SD increment in sitting time can increase depression risk by 22.4% (adjusted OR: 1.224, 95% CI: 1.131–1.325). In subsidiary analyses, the association with depression was reinforced in respondents aged ≤65 years and those overweight or obese. Mediation analyses revealed significant effects for red blood cell (RBC) on total MET (19.4%) and moderate work-related physical activity (MWPA) (22.0%), and for red cell distribution wide (RCDW) on vigorous work-related physical activity (17.7%), moderate work-related physical activity (13.1%), total MET (11.2%), and sitting time (16.4%) (p &lt; 0.01).ConclusionOur findings indicate that more physical activity and less sitting time were associated with a lower likelihood of having depression among US adults, and this association was probably mediated by RBC and RCDW.
Gonadal Cycle of Corbicula largillierti (Bivalvia: Cyrenidae) in a Pampean Streams, Argentina
Authors: Damborenea Cristina , Labaut Yeny , Penchaszadeh Pablo , Collado Gonzalo A. , Darrigran Gustavo 
Published: June 2024

The reproductive cycle of non-native species is indicative of their capacity for dispersal, invasion, and competition, and the alteration in biodiversity. Corbicula spp. are successful invaders of aquatic ecosystems. We studied the reproductive cycle of Corbicula largillierti from a Pampean stream, Argentina, at its southern distribution in South America. Specimens were collected monthly from January 2003 to April 2005 and processed using traditional histological techniques. Three gonadal stages (active gametogenesis, mature, and spawned) were recognized. In the studied population, most individuals were hermaphroditic with a dominant female gonadal portion. The three gonadal stages were observed during the whole sampling period with rapid gonadal recovery; no resting period was observed. Five oocyte spawning events were recognized, occurring in autumn and spring. Expanding the knowledge of reproductive features of the Corbicula largillierti allows the understanding of current distributions. The results highlight the difficulty of identifying patterns of gamete release and spawning behavior in this invasive species, as it is recorded for other Corbicula spp.
A Novel Simulation Method for 3D Digital-Image Correlation: Combining Virtual Stereo Vision and Image Super-Resolution Reconstruction
Authors: Chen Hao , Li Hao , Liu Guohua , Wang Zhenyu 
Published: June 2024

3D digital-image correlation (3D-DIC) is a non-contact optical technique for full-field shape, displacement, and deformation measurement. Given the high experimental hardware costs associated with 3D-DIC, the development of high-fidelity 3D-DIC simulations holds significant value. However, existing research on 3D-DIC simulation was mainly carried out through the generation of random speckle images. This study innovatively proposes a complete 3D-DIC simulation method involving optical simulation and mechanical simulation and integrating 3D-DIC, virtual stereo vision, and image super-resolution reconstruction technology. Virtual stereo vision can reduce hardware costs and eliminate camera-synchronization errors. Image super-resolution reconstruction can compensate for the decrease in precision caused by image-resolution loss. An array of software tools such as ANSYS SPEOS 2024R1, ZEMAX 2024R1, MECHANICAL 2024R1, and MULTIDIC v1.1.0 are used to implement this simulation. Measurement systems based on stereo vision and virtual stereo vision were built and tested for use in 3D-DIC. The results of the simulation experiment show that when the synchronization error of the basic stereo-vision system (BSS) is within 10−3 time steps, the reconstruction error is within 0.005 mm and the accuracy of the virtual stereo-vision system is between the BSS’s synchronization error of 10−7 and 10−6 time steps. In addition, after image super-resolution reconstruction technology is applied, the reconstruction error will be reduced to within 0.002 mm. The simulation method proposed in this study can provide a novel research path for existing researchers in the field while also offering the opportunity for researchers without access to costly hardware to participate in related research.
What can we learn from speaking to asthma patients more than once? The power of qualitative longitudinal design in primary care research
Authors: Wanat Marta , Santillo Marta , Tonkin-Crine Sarah , Wang Kay 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundQualitative Longitudinal Research (QLR) has a long tradition in a variety of social science disciplines and is increasingly used in applied healthcare research. QLR can provide insights into the nature, causes and consequences of change (or its absence). However, its use in primary care research is limited.AimDrawing on a recent study looking at experiences of asthma patients in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic over time, we highlight the opportunities in using longitudinal qualitative methods in primary care research.MethodWe conducted a qualitative longitudinal study using semi-structured interviews with patients with asthma from four GP practices across diverse regions including Thames Valley, Greater Manchester, Yorkshire, and North West Coast. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analysed using inductive temporal thematic analysis and a trajectory approach.ResultsForty-six interviews conducted with 18 patients over an 8-month period of the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted that patients felt less vulnerable as the pandemic subsided, but the process of making sense of risk was dynamic and influenced by multiple factors. Patients relied on self-management strategies, and with time, highlighted that they had limited opportunities to discuss their asthma with health professionals. As time progressed, face-to-face reviews appeared more necessary for certain aspects, such as physical examination and patient-led discussions of sensitive or broader issues associated with asthma, including mental health.ConclusionQLR has much to offer primary care research allowing exploration of views and experiences of a variety of participants over time and following them through important transitions.
Liver disease as new work in the context of protocolised primary care — do GPs have a role? A qualitative interview study
Authors: Jarvis Helen G , Sanders Tom , Hanratty Barbara 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundLiver disease is common, but not part of routine chronic disease management in primary care.AimThe aim of this study was to explore the challenges of implementing pathways of care for liver disease within existing highly protocolised structures in primary care.MethodSemi-structured interviews with 20 health professionals working in primary care. Interviews were informed by normalisation process theory (NPT) and boundary theory. Data were subject to thematic analysis.ResultsThree themes were identified relating to chronic disease work; definitions; need and worth, and roles. Participants identified that understanding and value of roles within chronic disease management were pre-defined by targets imposed on them as part of national incentives schemes. Structural boundaries constrained professional autonomy and the potential to influence this area of primary care management, including taking on new work.ConclusionThe inability to influence care decisions blurs occupational boundaries and goes to the core of what it means to be a professional. Unless liver disease sits within this target-based system, it is unlikely to become part of routine work in primary care.
GP perspectives regarding suicide prevention: a systematic scoping review
Authors: Marshall Jack , Oliver Phillip , Hulin Joe , Huddy Vyv , Mitchell Caroline 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundSuicide is a major public health issue and is the leading cause of death of men under the age of 50 in the UK. Patients are more likely to visit their GP in the month leading up to a suicide attempt, thus highlighting the key role GPs play in suicide prevention.AimThe aim of this systematic scoping review was to explore the current qualitative research on GPs’ perspectives of suicide prevention in primary care.MethodThis review was reported in accordance with PRISMA-ScR guidance. A three-step search strategy was used. Articles at full-text review were assessed for their inclusion in the study against predetermined eligibility criteria (English language, qualitative in nature, and a focus on GPs’ perspectives of suicide prevention). Data was extracted using a standardised form and a narrative approach was used to describe the main themes elicited from the studies.ResultsThere were 2210 articles screened. Twelve studies from seven countries were included at full text review. The majority of studies used semi-structured interviews (n=9) and transcripts were analysed using variations of thematic analysis. Four main themes were elicited from the included studies: challenges to managing suicidal behaviour, fragmented relationships with mental health services, personal attitudes of GPs regarding suicidal behaviour, and identified needs to improve suicide prevention in primary care.ConclusionThe challenges experienced by GPs when managing suicidal behaviour are well documented. More work is needed to explore what approaches GPs find effective in managing suicidal behaviour, especially in younger patients.
Afghan refugees at risk in the UK: enhancing healthcare access and integration
Authors: Saxionis Ioannis , Fredericks Hannah , Pritchard Lucy , Barclay Dave , White Rebecca , Pickering Janine , Sealey Sara , O’Driscoll Louise , Wells Rachel , Aggarwal Pritti 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundFollowing Kabul’s fall in August 2021, there was influx of Afghan refugees in the UK. Southampton’s Bridging Hotel provided temporary shelter to 22 families, totaling 116 individuals. The Living Well Partnership (LWP); assumed primary care provision for these vulnerable residents facing health inequalities.AimEnhancing refugee healthcare access and integration into the NHS system. Improving healthcare education, boosting confidence in appropriate healthcare use, and utilisation of electronic consultations effectively.MethodWorking with the local authorities, primary care services were brought to the hotel. Regular 3-hour drop-in sessions with a health and wellbeing coach were established and attended by residents. Non-identifiable data was recorded in individual patient care records and summarised quantitatively.  Qualitative data was collected via a pre-established questionnaire during the sessions.  ResultsIdentified issues included language barriers, mental health problems, infectious diseases, contraception, and healthcare access. Language barriers were addressed with interpreters. Fifty-nine patients accessed support services, with 13 benefiting from e-consultations, and nine requiring on-site medical consultations in a 3-month period. Mental health support and infectious disease referrals were facilitated. Access challenges were mitigated by transitioning to e-consultations or face-to-face appointments. Outcomes included improved patient independence, awareness of healthcare processes, familiarity with LWP services, and confidence in navigating the NHS.ConclusionA multifaceted approach is vital for addressing language and access barriers for refugees. Providing educational resources through facilitated groups empowered refugees and improved healthcare access. This initiative highlights the importance of organised support for vulnerable populations during crises and can be applied more widely.
Using inquiry based stress reduction to address self-stigma in severe spectrum obesity in general practice
Authors: O’Shea Brendan , MacDonald Steve , Wade Geraldine , France Nadine Ferris 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundObesity is a driver of multimorbidity. Knowledge regarding individual and population based solutions is evolving in primary care. Stigma/self-stigma are important in developing clinical solutions. Inquiry based stress reduction (IBSR) is emerging as a solution for self-stigma in a range of conditions. This study explores IBSR (also known as The Work of Byron Katie) in obesity self-stigma in the GP setting, with severe obesity, utilising a multidisciplinary approach.AimIs it feasible/acceptable to utilise Inquiry Based Stress Reduction in the GP setting for obesity?MethodMixed-method pilot study including a convenience sample of people with severe spectrum obesity from a three-doctor general practice, including use of IBSR provided in both group, partner and individual settings, predominantly online, utilising certified and accredited IBSR facilitators, a clinical psychologist, and participating GPs. Outcomes include pre- and post-intervention surveys (Becks Depression Scale, HRQoL, Weight Bias Internalisation Scale, Weight Self-stigma Questionnaire) and qualitative data from participants.ResultsOf 22 initially invited to participate, 14 commenced and 10 completed the intervention. Mean BMI was 42.8, mean age 49 years, female:male = 7:3. Many believed obesity was their own fault, related very difficult interactions with healthcare professionals, and valued opportunity to engage with the intervention. While participants had alarming levels of comorbidity, they were far more concerned regarding stigma and self-stigma.ConclusionResults and experience in practice indicate this approach is feasible and acceptable. Results are valuable in planning a larger study in multiple practices.
‘Getting it write’ in a new era of patient online access to primary care health records
Authors: Davidge Gail , McMillan Brian , Brown Lindsey 
Published: June 2024

AimTo explore how to help make online consultation notes easier for patient audiences to understand.BackgroundMost patients in England will soon be able to access all new prospective entries (including free-text) within their online primary care health record via the NHS App or other online services.MethodWe conducted interviews and focus group discussions with 26 patients from underserved communities. Participants responded to vignettes about fictional patient consultation scenarios and assessed the clarity of corresponding simulated records. Participants were then asked to identify potential comprehension issues, offensive content, or anxiety triggers.ResultsMost participants struggled to understand a large proportion of simulated notes, particularly medical acronyms, clinician shorthand, and non-clinical abbreviations. Participants also identified issues that may cause unintended offence or additional anxiety. Participants considered that most patients will struggle to fully understand the content of their consultation notes in their current format. They made a number of suggestions about how this service may be improved to meet the needs of patient audiences and maintain positive patient-clinician relationships.ConclusionOpening up online record access to include patient audiences necessitates a significant cultural shift in the way that consultation notes are written and used. To maximise NHS investment in this policy and avoid worsening health inequalities, it is essential to ensure that all patients can understand and access the benefits of online access to their notes. To do this, clinicians need to be supported to manage the challenges of writing for patient audiences, while continuing to maintain effective clinical care.
What interventions have addressed the inverse care law in general practice in Scotland over the last 20 years? A systematic scoping review
Authors: Bogie James , Bezzina Cara , Lunan Carey , Mercer Stewart , Blane David 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundRecent evidence demonstrates persistence of the inverse care law (ICL), with fewer GPs and less funding in more deprived areas.AimTo map out interventions that aimed to address the ICL and the rationale behind them, and to review the impact and sustainability of these interventions — what has worked, for whom, and why?MethodThe authors searched Embase, Web of Science, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane, and BASE from 2000 to 2022 for articles describing interventions or policies that aimed to address the ICL in general practice in Scotland. A systematic grey literature search of government, NHS, and third-sector websites was also performed. All articles were double screened for inclusion. Quantitative and qualitative studies were included. Other forms of primary care, such as dental or pharmacy, were not included.ResultsThere were 77 included articles (35 from the database search and 42 from the grey literature) reporting on 20 interventions. Interventions were categorised as: 1) enhancing financial or social support; 2) targeting specific health conditions; 3) holistic interventions targeting specific populations; and 4) enhancing generalist care. Seven key interventions accounted for over 70% of all included articles. Evidence of impact and sustainability was variable. Key lessons were summarised for each intervention and grouped by category.ConclusionTo address the ICL, a key recommendation is for greater investment in general practice as part of the overall NHS spend, with graded additional resources for more deprived areas depending on local population need (a ‘proportionate universalism’ approach).