bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metal‐containing Polymers via Electropolymerization
Authors: Friebe Christian , Hager Martin D. , Winter Andreas , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractElectropolymerization represents a suitable and well‐established approach for the assembly of polymer structures, in particular with regard to the formation of thin, insoluble films. Utilization of monomers that are functionalized with metal complex units allows the combination of structural and functional benefits of polymers and metal moieties. Since a broad range of both electropolymerizable monomers and metal complexes are available, various structures and, thus, applications are possible. Recent developments in the field of synthesis and potential applications of metal‐functionalized polymers obtained via electropolymerization are presented, highlighting the significant advances in this field of research.
Sahara: Barrier or corridor? Nonmetric cranial traits and biological affinities of North African late holocene populations
Authors: Nikita Efthymia , Mattingly David , Lahr Marta Mirazón 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe Garamantes flourished in southwestern Libya, in the core of the Sahara Desert ∼3,000 years ago and largely controlled trans‐Saharan trade. Their biological affinities to other North African populations, including the Egyptian, Algerian, Tunisian and Sudanese, roughly contemporary to them, are examined by means of cranial nonmetric traits using the Mean Measure of Divergence and MahalanobisD2distance. The aim is to shed light on the extent to which the Sahara Desert inhibited extensive population movements and gene flow. Our results show that the Garamantes possess distant affinities to their neighbors. This relationship may be due to the Central Sahara forming a barrier among groups, despite the archaeological evidence for extended networks of contact. The role of the Sahara as a barrier is further corroborated by the significant correlation between the MahalanobisD2distance and geographic distance between the Garamantes and the other populations under study. In contrast, no clear pattern was observed when all North African populations were examined, indicating that there was no uniform gene flow in the region. Am J Phys Anthropol 147:280–292, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of β‐cyclodextrin side chains on the dispersing and retarding properties of polycarboxylate superplasticizers
Authors: Lv Sheng‐Hua , Gao Rui‐Jun , Duan Jian‐Ping , Li Di , Cao Qiang 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA modified polycarboxylate (MPC) superplasticizer was synthesized by the copolymerization of acrylic acid, methallyl sulfonic acid, allyl poly(ethylene glycol)s, and β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) grafted maleic anhydride. The molecular structure of the MPC was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography. The effects of the content of β‐CD on the application performance of MPC were investigated with measurements of the cement paste fluidity, setting time, amount of adsorption of MPC on the cement particles, and ζ potentials of the cement particles and differential scanning calorimetry–thermogravimetric analysis of different hydration ages of the cement pastes. The results indicate that the initial fluidities and setting times of the cement pastes increased with increasing number of β‐CD side chains. The dispersion capacity of MPC on the cement particles mainly came from a steric hindrance effect and an air‐entraining effect of the β‐CD side chains. The better retarding performance of MPC was attributed to the solvation water film formed by the polyoxyethylene side chains and chelates formed by OH groups on the β‐CD structure combined with Ca2+ ions on the surface of the cement particles. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Changes in Serum Ghrelin and Small Intestinal Motility in Rats with Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Xu Xinping , Zhu Yuqun , Chuai Jiaran 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIschemic stroke occurs as a result of an obstruction within a blood vessel supplying blood to the brain. Gastrointestinal mucosal damage not only induces local and systemic inflammatory reactions but may also result in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. We studied whether the changes in serum ghrelin and small intestinal motility occur in cerebral ischemia. The focal cerebral ischemia rat models were produced by the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) method. The MCAO group was further equally divided into five subgroups at 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hr, and the sham operated rats were used as controls. Serum ghrelin level was analyzed using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and small intestinal motility was measured by methylene blue staining. The ileum tissue was examined by light and electron microscopy. The neurologic scores were 0 for all the rats in the control group and 2–3 for those in the MCAO group, suggesting that rat models were established successfully. The serum ghrelin level was higher in the MCAO group when compared with the control group (P < 0.05). However, the impelling force in MCAO rats was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05), reaching the lowest level at 24 hr. Damage to the intestinal mucosa, including villus intestinalis, vacuolar degeneration of organelles, widened cell–cell junctions, and apoptotic cells could be found under the light and electron microscopy. Our results showed that higher level of serum ghrelin decreased gastrointestinal motility and damage to the intestinal mucosa existed in rats with MCAO. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Study on the Autophagy of Prostate Cancer PC‐3 Cells Induced by Oridonin
Authors: Ye Li‐Hong , Li Wang‐Jian , Jiang Xiao‐Qiang , Chen Yong‐Liang , Tao Shui‐Xiang , Qian Wei‐Liang , He Jian‐Song 
Published: December 2011

AbstractTo investigate the mechanism of oridonin (ORI)‐induced autophagy in prostate cancer PC‐3 cells, PC‐3 cells cultured in vitro were treated with ORI, and the inhibitory ratio of ORI on PC‐3 cells was assayed by 3‐4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide. The ultrastructural changes of the cells were observed under light microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Acridine orange (AO) staining was used to observe the acidic vesicular organelles (AVOs). The level of autophagy‐related proteins, MAP1‐LC3, was detected by Western Blot, and RT‐PCR was used to detect the level of mRNA of beclin 1. After ORI treatment, the proliferation of PC‐3 cells was inhibited significantly in a concentration and time‐dependent manner. SEM examination revealed cellular shrinkage and disappearance of surface microvilli in ORI‐treated cells. Under TEM examination, the nuclei exhibited chromatin condensation and the appearance of a large number of autophagosomes with double‐membrane structure in cytoplasm. AO staining showed the existence of AVOs. The expression of LC3 and the mRNA level of beclin 1 was increased by ORI. Furthermore, autophagy inhibitor 3‐methyladenine reversed the increase of beclin 1 mRNA. The growth of PC‐3 cells was inhibited, and autophagy was induced by ORI, indicating ORI may have a potential antitumor effect. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multivariate Analysis of Several Molecular Markers and Clinicopathological Features in Postoperative Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Zuo Qiang , Huang Hui , Shi Min , Zhang Futing , Sun Jiping , Bin Jianping , Liao Yulin , Liao Wangjun 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis study was designed to assess the impact of several molecular markers and clinicopathological characteristics on postoperative survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Postoperative clinical data of 64 patients with HCC were retrospectively analyzed. K‐ras, PIK3CA, and BRAF gene mutations in surgically resected specimens of the 64 patients with HCC were detected by pyrosequencing. H‐ras and XB130 protein expression was examined by immunohistochemistry. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used for univariate and multivariate survival analyses of the clinical and pathological parameters. The mutation rates of K‐ras, PIK3CA, and BRAF genes in HCC were found to be 4.69%, 1.56%, and 0%, respectively. Positive expression rate of XB130 and H‐ras in HCC was 75.0% and 93.8%, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that clinicopathological factors impacting postoperative prognosis of patients with HCC include clinical stage, tumor diameter, and postoperative transcatheter arterial embolization therapy for HCC. Meanwhile, multivariate analysis showed that clinical stage (relative risk [RR]: 6.420, P = 0.013) and tumor diameter (RR: 1.498, P = 0.014) were independent factors impacting postoperative survival of patients with HCC. These findings indicate that the clinical stage and tumor diameter are independent risk factors impacting postoperative survival of patients with HCC. Gene mutations of K‐ras and PIK3CA and protein expression of XB130 and H‐ras are not associated with the postoperative prognosis of patients with HCC. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Detailed Examination of Cytoskeletal Networks Within Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Pedestals
Authors: Ruetz Tyson J. , Vogl A. Wayne , Guttman Julian Andrew 
Published: December 2011

AbstractEnteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) manipulate the cytoskeleton of host intestinal epithelial cells, producing membrane protrusions termed pedestals that the bacteria reside on throughout the course of their infections. By definition pedestals are actin‐based structures, however recent work has identified the spectrin cytoskeleton as a necessary component of EPEC pedestals. Here, we investigated the detailed arrangement of the spectrin and actin cytoskeletons within these structures. Immunofluorescent imaging revealed that the spectrin network forms a peripheral cage around actin at the membranous regions of pedestals. Myosin S1 fragment decorated actin filaments examined by electron microscopy demonstrated that actin filaments orientate with their fast‐growing barbed ends toward the lateral membranes of EPEC pedestals. These findings provide a detailed descriptive analysis, which further illustrate the spectrin cytoskeletal organization within these structures. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Case-matched analysis of outcome after open retropubic radical prostatectomy in patients with previous preperitoneal inguinal hernia repair
Authors: Peeters E , Joniau S , Van Poppel H , Miserez M 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

Background
The impact of preperitoneal mesh repair for inguinal hernia on future pelvic surgery is debatable. This retrospective study investigated the impact of previous preperitoneal inguinal hernia repair (PIHR) on outcome after open retropubic radical prostatectomy (RRP) for prostatic cancer.

Methods
Patients who had open RRP and who had previously undergone PIHR were identified. They were compared with a control group of patients matched for age, body mass index and tumour risk profile who had no history of inguinal hernia repair. Outcome measures included intraoperative data, histopathology and results at follow-up.

Results
Sixty patients who had undergone open RRP after a previous PIHR were compared with 60 control patients. Operations lasted longer in the PIHR group (median (interquartile range, i.q.r.) 100 (90–120) versus 90 (85–100) min respectively; P &lt; 0·001) and the operation was assessed as more difficult by the surgeon (P = 0·022). Hospital stay was longer for patients who had undergone PIHR (median (i.q.r.) 7 (6–9) versus 6 (5–7) days; P = 0·012) and urinary catheterization was prolonged (13 (11–14) versus 11 (11–12) days; P = 0·006). Among patients with intermediate- and high-risk disease, fewer lymph nodes were excised in the PIHR group than in the control group (median (i.q.r.) 2 (0–7) versus 8 (5–12) nodes; P &lt; 0·001).

Conclusion
Open RRP for prostatic cancer was more difficult to perform after previous PIHR, and was associated with a longer hospital stay and less adequate lymphadenectomy for intermediate- and high-risk prostatic cancer.
The central myelin–peripheral myelin transitional zone of the nervus intermedius and its implications for microsurgery in the cerebellopontine angle
Authors: Alfieri Alex , Fleischhammer Julius , Strauss Christian , Peschke Elmar 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe central myelin–peripheral myelin transitional zone, also referred to as the “Obersteiner–Redlich zone (ORZ)” or “glial/Schwann junction” of the nervus intermedius, is thought to play a role in the pathophysiology of nervus intermedius neuralgia (NIN). To evaluate the location and histological features of the ORZ of the nervus intermedius (NI), 10 NI specimens from five fresh cadavers were microscopically analyzed for structural differences between their central and peripheral myelin segments. The ORZ was analyzed under a light microscope, and the exact location of the ORZ was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining using an oligodendroglial antibody. The total diameter of the NI showed a mean of 0.62 mm. The cisternal segment of the NI from the brain stem to the porus acusticus internus had a mean length of 13.97 mm. The mean extent of central myelin was 0.5 mm from the brain stem on the medial side and 0.33 mm on the lateral side. Moreover, the mean length of the ORZ was 0.279 mm on the medial side and 0.134 mm on the lateral side. The distance between the brain stem and the most distal point of central myelin that could be detected was 0.67 mm. Accordingly, the ORZ of the NI appears closer to the brain stem compared to the other cranial nerves. The exact location of the ORZ may play a role in diagnostic preoperative imaging, in the planning of surgical procedures for NIN, and may offer suitable landmarks for surgeons performing microvascular decompression in NIN treatment. Clin. Anat. 25:882–888, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Non‐Fluorinated Monobenzocyclooctyne for Rapid Copper‐Free Click Reactions
Authors: Varga Balázs R. , Kállay Mihály , Hegyi Krisztina , Béni Szabolcs , Kele Péter 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe designed and synthesised carboxymethylmonobenzocyclooctyne (COMBO) through a four‐step reaction pathway. COMBO is a new, structurally simple, non‐fluorinated, and directly conjugable copper‐free click reagent, which shows excellent reaction kinetics, as also evidenced by theoretical calculations. Additionally, the carboxylic acid appendage allows further conjugation to biomolecules or fluorescent labels. The utility of COMBO in bioorthogonal labelling schemes was demonstrated when a COMBO‐containing fluorescent label was employed in glycan imaging of HeLa cells (metabolically modified to have azidosialic acid residues on their cell‐surface glycans).
Alkali‐Metal‐Ion Catalysis and Inhibition in the Nucleophilic Displacement Reaction of Y‐Substituted Phenyl Diphenylphosphinates and Diphenylphosphinothioates with Alkali‐Metal Ethoxides: Effect of Changing the Electrophilic Center from PO to PS
Authors: Um Ik‐Hwan , Shin Young‐Hee , Park Jee‐Eun , Kang Ji‐Sun , Buncel Erwin 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA kinetic study of the nucleophilic substitution reaction of Y‐substituted phenyl diphenylphosphinothioates 2 a–g with alkali‐metal ethoxides (MOEt; M=Li, Na, K) in anhydrous ethanol at (25.0±0.1) °C is reported. Plots of pseudo‐first‐order rate constants (kobsd) versus [MOEt], the alkali ethoxide concentration, show distinct upward (KOEt) and downward (LiOEt) curvatures, respectively, pointing to the importance of ion‐pairing phenomena and a differential reactivity of dissociated EtO− and ion‐paired MOEt. Based on ion‐pairing treatment of the kinetic data, the kobsd values were dissected into k and kMOEt, the second‐order rate constants for the reaction with the dissociated EtO− and ion‐paired MOEt, respectively. The reactivity of MOEt toward 2 b (Y=4‐NO2) increases in the order LiOEt<EtO−<NaOEt<KOEt<[18]crown‐6‐complexed KOEt, which differs to the reactivity order reported previously for the reaction of 4‐nitrophenyl diphenylphosphinate 1 b, that is, LiOEt>NaOEt>KOEt>EtO−. The current study based on Yukawa–Tsuno analysis has revealed that the reactions of 2 a–g (PS) and Y‐substituted phenyl diphenylphosphinates 1 a–g (PO) with MOEt proceed through the same concerted mechanism, which indicates that the contrasting selectivity patterns are not due to a difference in reaction mechanism. The PO compounds 1 a–g are approximately 80‐fold more reactive than the PS compounds 2 a–g toward the dissociated EtO− (regardless of the electronic nature of substituent Y) but are up to 3.1×103‐fold more reactive toward ion‐paired LiOEt. The origin of the contrasting selectivity patterns is further discussed on the basis of competing electrostatic effects and solvational requirements as a function of anionic electric field strength and cation size (Eisenman’s theory).
Investigation of Adhesion of Spherical Glass Particles on Technical Surfaces using the Vibration Method
Authors: Hartmüller Jürgen , Ripperger Siegfried 
Published: December 2011

AbstractDie Vibrationsmethode ermöglicht eine zeitsparende Ermittlung von Partikelhaftkraftverteilungen an beliebigen Kombinationen von Wandmaterial und pulverförmigem Schüttgut unter dem Einfluss verschiedener atmosphärischer Bedingungen. Es werden die Haftkräfte von monodispersen Glaskugeln auf unterschiedlich rauen Edelstählen untersucht und mit verbreiteten Modellen der Partikelhaftung und mit einem neuen Modell einer Kugelpassung verglichen.
Methods for Determining the Metal Crystallite Size of Ni Supported Catalysts
Authors: Geyer Reinhard , Hunold Jürgen , Keck Michael , Kraak Peter , Pachulski Axel , Schödel  Rainer 
Published: December 2011

AbstractCatalysts containing transition metals like nickel are frequently used in technical hydrogenation reactions. Typically their activity and selectivity are determined via metal dispersion. XRD, H2 TPD, volumetric chemisorption of H2 and CO pulse chemisorption were applied to determine the Ni crystallite size of Ni‐containing catalysts. The methods were compared with regard to their information content and validity as well as their applicability in quality control during industrial manufacturing of catalysts. Pulse chemisorption of CO showed the best results for utilization in quality control.
Apparatus to Study the Mass Transport Mechanisms of Levitated Droplets at Elevated Pressures
Authors: Borosa Danijel , Kareth Sabine , Petermann Marcus 
Published: December 2011

AbstractEinzeltropfenmesszellen ermöglichen die Untersuchung von verfahrenstechnischen Prozessen bei einem minimalen Einsatz von Material, Zeit und Kosten. Die akustische Levitation erlaubt eine kontaktlose Positionierung von Flüssigkeiten, Gasen und Feststoffen. Es wird die erfolgreiche Implementierung eines akustischen Levitators dargestellt, die eine Untersuchung von Stofftransportprozessen an schwebenden Proben unter erhöhten Drücken ermöglicht.
P2PScheMe: a P2P scheduling mechanism for workflows in grid computing
Authors: de Alencar João Marcelo U. , Andrade Rossana M.C. , Viana Windson , Schulze Bruno 
Published: December 2011

SUMMARYComplex scientific experiments have a growing demand for computational resources, which are expensive to be acquired and maintained. Grid computing has emerged as the mainstream technology to solve this issue. Grids are also adequate for the execution of scientific workflows because they allow the use of heterogeneous and distributed resources. In spite of the progress in grid technology, there are challenges to overcome in workflow scheduling. For instance, centralized scheduling solutions may lead to performance degradation and to problems with scalability. Some scheduling approaches are partially distributed, keeping a few centralized components that may become bottlenecks. Other distributed solutions have a lack of flexibility in the definition of workflows, in which only the use of tasks as steps in the workflow is permitted not high level services. In this work, we present P2PScheMe, a scheduling mechanism for peer‐to‐peer execution of workflows based on the invocation of grid services. The proposal considers information regarding grid execution environment in order to allow workflow scheduling adaptation. This adaptation is performed according to user requirements of quality of service. In this paper, we describe how P2PScheMe works and provides a comparative analysis with existing solutions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nanocatalysis and Prospects of Green Chemistry
Authors: Kalidindi Suresh Babu , Jagirdar Balaji R. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractDesigning and developing ideal catalyst paves the way to green chemistry. The fields of catalysis and nanoscience have been inextricably linked to each other for a long time. Thanks to the recent advances in characterization techniques, the old technology has been revisited with a new scope. The last decade has witnessed a flood of research activity in the field of nanocatalysis, with most of the studies focusing on the effect of size on catalytic properties. This led to the development of much greener catalysts with higher activity, selectivity and greater ease of separation from the reaction medium. This Minireview describes the emerging trends in the field of nanocatalysis with implications towards green chemistry and sustainability.
Electrochemical Preparation of a Nanostructured Poly(amino napthalene sulfonic acid) Electrode Using CTAB as a Soft Template and Its Electrocatalytic Application for the Reduction of Iodate
Authors: Balamurugan A. , Lin Chia‐Yu , Nien Po‐Chin , Ho Kuo‐Chuan 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA nanostructured poly(5‐amino‐2‐naphthalene sulfonic acid) (nanostructured PANS) electrode has been prepared using cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as a soft template by potentiodynamic method. The effect of CTAB at various concentrations was analyzed during electrochemical synthesis of the PANS electrode. As the concentration was near to cmc of CTAB, well growth and nanostructured PANS electrode was obtained. The formation mechanism and the reason for the increase of the peak current of the nanostructured PANS electrode are discussed. The surface morphology of PANS electrode was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and a nanoribbon like structured PANS polymer was obtained near cmc of CTAB. The electrochemical properties of nanostructured PANS electrode were studied. The catalytic utility of nanostructured PANS electrode was investigated and it exhibited electrocatalytic activity for the reduction of iodate with a low potential. The amperometric detection of iodate was tested at nanostructured PANS electrode. Linear range and detection limit were found to be 0.1 to 0.4 µM and 0.1 µM, respectively. The present work involves a simple, and one‐step approach to fabricate a nanostructured PANS film with unique electrochemical properties, which can have great potential in various applications such as sensors, and energy source systems.
THE IMPACT OF MENTAL HEALTH INSURANCE LAWS ON STATE SUICIDE RATES
Authors: Lang Matthew 
Published: December 2011

SUMMARYIn the 1990s and early 2000s, a number of states passed laws requiring mental health benefits to be included in health insurance coverage. The variation in the characteristics and enactment date of the laws provides an opportunity to measure the impact of increasing access to mental health care on mental health outcomes, as evidenced by state suicide rates. In contrast with previous research, results show that when states enact laws requiring insurance coverage to include mental health benefits at parity with physical health benefits, the suicide rate decreases significantly by 5%. The findings are robust to a number of specifications and falsification tests. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.