bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Characterization of Campylobacter jejuni Isolated from Pasture Flock Poultry
Authors: Hanning Irene , Biswas Debabrata , Herrera Paul , Roesler Mary , Ricke Steven C. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract:  The growing interest in organic and natural foods warrants a greater need for information on the food safety of these products. In this study, samples were taken from 2 pasture flock farms (N= 178; feed, water, drag swabs, and insect traps), pasture flock retail carcasses (N= 48) and 1 pasture flock processing facility (N= 16) over a period of 8 mo. A total of 105 Campylobacter isolates were obtained from 53 (30%), 36 (75%), and 16 (100%) samples from the farms, retail carcasses, and processing facility, respectively. Of the 105 isolates collected, 65 were C. jejuni, 31 were C. coli, and 9 were other Campylobacter spp. Using PCR, the C. jejuni isolates were further analyzed for virulence genes involved in colonization and survival (flaA, flaC, cadF, dnaJ, racR, cbrR), invasion (virB11, ciaB, pldA), protection against harsh conditions (sodB, htrA, clpA), toxin production (cdtA, cdtB, cdtC), siderophore transport (ceuE), and ganglioside mimicry (wlaN). In addition, the short variable region of the flaA locus (flaA SVR) was sequenced to determine the genetic diversity of the C. jejuni isolates. The flaA SVR diversity indices increased along the farm to carcass continuum. PCR‐based analysis indicated a low prevalence of 5 genes involved in colonization (dnaJ, ciaB, pldA, racR, virB11). The results of this survey indicate that the prevalence of Campylobacter on organic retail carcasses is similar to prevalence reports of Campylobacter on conventional retail carcasses. However, the genetic diversity of the flaA SVR genotypes increased along the farm to carcass continuum that contrasted with conventional poultry studies. Practical Application: Campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of foodborne illness with poultry and poultry products being leading sources of infection. Free‐range and pasture flock chickens are becoming more popular; however, there is an inherent biosecurity risk that can increase the prevalence of foodborne pathogens in these flocks. This study aimed to determine sources and characterize C. jejuni isolated from pasture flocks.
CASE REPORT AND CLINICAL REVIEW: Unilateral facial myokymia in a dog with an intracranial meningioma
Authors: Holland CT , Holland JT , Rozmanec M 
Published: September 2010

A 23‐month‐old castrated male Cavalier King Charles spaniel was evaluated because of a 6‐month history of unusual rippling/undulating movements of the right facial muscles that were continuous and persisted during sleep.Neurological examination revealed narrowing of the right palpebral fissure and unilateral right‐sided facial myokymia that was characterised by myokymic, and to a lesser degree, neuromyotonic discharges on concentric needle electromyographic examination.After persisting unchanged for almost 2.5 years from its onset, the facial myokymia gradually disappeared over a 6‐month period concomitant with the emergence of a persistent ipsilateral facial paralysis and head tilt. At 5 years and 9 months after the first examination, signs of ipsilateral lacrimal, pharyngeal and laryngeal dysfunction became evident and the dog was euthanased. Postmortem examination identified a malignant (WHO grade III) meningioma in the right cerebellopontomedullary angle that compressed the ventrolateral cranial medulla, effaced the jugular foramen and internal acoustic meatus and extended into the facial canal of the petrous temporal bone.Novel findings were the unique observation of isolated unilateral facial myokymia preceding diagnosis of a meningioma affecting facial nerve function within the caudal cranial fossa and the remarkably long duration of neurological signs (75 months) attributable to the neoplasm.
Pseudomonas fluorescens BBc6R8 type III secretion mutants no longer promote ectomycorrhizal symbiosis
Authors: Cusano Angela M. , Burlinson Peter , Deveau Aurélie , Vion Patrice , Uroz Stéphane , Preston Gail M. , Frey‐Klett Pascale 
Published: September 2010

SummaryThe Mycorrhiza Helper Bacterium (MHB) Pseudomonas fluorescens BBc6R8 promotes the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis between Douglas fir roots and Laccaria bicolor. In this study, we identified a non‐flagellar type III secretion system (T3SS) in the draft genome of BBc6R8 similar to that described in the biocontrol strain P. fluorescens SBW25. We examined whether this T3SS plays a role in the BBc6R8 mycorrhizal helper effect by creating a deletion in the rscRST genes encoding the central channel of the injectisome. The in vitro effect of BBc6R8 T3SS mutants on the radial growth rate of L. bicolor was unchanged compared with the parental strain. In contrast, T3SS mutants were unable to promote mycorrhization, suggesting that type III secretion plays an important role in the mycorrhizal helper effect of P. fluorescens BBc6R8 independent of the promotion of hyphal growth that BBc6R8 exhibits in vitro.
Synthesis and characterization of low-molecular-weight azo-acetoxystyrene and azo-naphthalene oligomers via stable free radical polymerization (SFRP)
Authors: Ali Dildar , Ahmed Zaheer , Kazmaier Peter M. , Buncel Erwin 
Published: September 2010

As an approach toward controlled molecular architecture through stable free radical polymerization (SFRP), we have prepared a series of oligomers of controlled molecular weights (Mn) and low polydispersities (structures 2 and 3, with n values ranging from 2 to 52). Definitive evidence of structure was obtained through MALDI/MS (inter-peak interval of 162 m/z in azo-acetoxystyrene oligomers 2 and 260 m/z in azo-naphthalene oligomers 3, which correspond to the acetoxystyrene (AS) and naphthalenic (Np) repeating units, with corroborative evidence from NMR and GPC. Two synthetic pathways were explored. Pathway 1 yields azo-acetoxystyrene oligomer 2 via SFR addition of a TEMPO-capped unimer 1 to acetoxystyrene. Subsequent reactions would convert 2 into 3. In an alternative pathway 2, SFR addition of 1 to 4-(1-methoxynaphthyl)styrene gives azo-naphthalene oligomer 3 directly. Thus, the present reported methodology for controlled architecture has achieved synthesis of oligomers from low Mn (chlorobenzene, PhCl, solvent) to relatively high Mn (bulk), with incorporation of naphthyl (donor) and azobenzene (acceptor) moieties, as well as spacer moieties, in a controlled manner.
Carbon dynamics of aboveground live vegetation of boreal mixedwoods after wildfire and clear-cutting
Authors: Seedre Meelis , Chen Han Y.H. 
Published: September 2010

Live vegetation carbon (C) pool dynamics are central to understanding C sequestration of forest ecosystems. Despite its importance, how aboveground live C pools change with stand development in boreal mixedwoods is poorly understood. We quantified aboveground live C pools (i.e., trees, >4 m in height; saplings and shrubs, 1.3–4 m in height; and understory plants, <1.3 m in height) in a postfire chronosequence ranging from 1 to 203 years and a postlogging chronosequence ranging from 1 to 27 years in the boreal mixedwoods of central Canada. The tree C pool of postfire stands increased from 0 to 109.2 Mg/ha from 1 to 92 years after fire and then declined to approximately 70 Mg/ha in 140- and 203-year-old stands. Carbon pools of saplings and shrubs and understory plants also changed with stand development and stand origin. Of the three age classes compared, postlogged stands had significantly higher vegetation C than postfire stands 1 and 27 years after disturbance, but there was no difference in 9-year-old stands. Higher values of live vegetation C in postlogged stands was attributed to live standing trees left after logging and silvicultural treatments that helped trees to establish during stand initiation.
The Transmission of Meaning by Prosodic Phrasing
Authors: Kohler Klaus J. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
This paper examines the relationship between phonetic exponents of syntagmatic prosodic structuring and functions in speech communication in English, German, and French. Two strands are distinguished in this substance - function relation: the transmission of semantic structures in propositional, appellative, and expressive meaning, and the facilitation of this transfer from sender to receiver by rhythmic organization. Bundles of several weighted feature values contribute to the signalling of hierarchies of prosodic phrasing to map semantic and rhythmic structures for communicative effect. French and the Germanic languages differ more specifically in the rhythmic strand.
Song degradation in the hole-nesting pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca: Implications for polyterritorial behaviour in contrasting habitat-types
Authors: Dabelsteen Torben , Pedersen Simon , Lampe Helene , Larsen Ole 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn the hole-nesting pied flycatcher, Ficedula hypoleuca, a male may become polyterritorial after attracting a primary female. However, the female may recognize her mate's song and attack other females that associate with him. Differences in sound degradation amongst different habitats and within nestboxes may, therefore, be important for male and female behaviour since the male may have to move outside female hearing range to avoid harassment, and the female may have to listen for the mate to be able to locate competing females. This may be difficult from inside the nest cavity. We used ten common song elements to test sound degradation with distance in a mixed coniferous and a mixed deciduous forest, measuring broadcast sounds both inside and outside nestboxes. On average, sound degradation increased to a larger extent with distance in the deciduous than the coniferous forest. This is consistent with the shorter polyterritorial distances of flycatchers in the deciduous forest. Furthermore, song degradation was stronger inside the nestboxes. Being inside may, therefore, reduce a female's possibility of detecting and recognizing songs. This may be one reason why female pied flycatchers spend little time within the nest cavity before incubation unlike some other hole nesting species.
Acquisition and development of stone handling behavior in infant Japanese macaques
Authors: Nahallage Charmalie , Huffman Michael 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn this study we systematically investigate the mode of acquisition and the developmental process of stone handling, a form of solitary object play, in a captive troop of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) housed in an outdoor enclosure at the Kyoto University Primate Research Institute, Japan. This study was conducted to evaluate two alternative hypotheses regarding the mode of acquisition of stone handling in infants: (1) environmental stimuli (availability of and exposure to stones) and (2) social stimuli (exposure to stone handling individuals). Early exposure to stones in the environment had no significant effect on when infants acquired the behavior. No significant correlations were recognized between the age of stone handling acquisition and number of stones encountered per hour from birth to acquisition, or the time spent in a specific area of the enclosure as a function of the number of available stones therein. However, being exposed to a stone handling model(s) was a social stimulus that had an effect on the age of acquisition, with a significant negative correlation between a mother's stone handling frequency and the age of acquisition by her infant. Infants of non-stone handling mothers acquired the behavior much later than others. Infant peers who acquired stone handling earlier played no significant role as stone handling models. Of the factors tested here, the timing of acquisition depended mainly on the level of proximity to a demonstrator and the frequency at which those available demonstrators performed the behavior.
The Amazon Frontier of Land-Use Change: Croplands and Consequences for Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Authors: Galford Gillian L. , Melillo Jerry , Mustard John F. , Cerri Carlos E. P. , Cerri Carlos C. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
The Brazilian Amazon is one of the most rapidly developing agricultural frontiers in the world. The authors assess changes in cropland area and the intensification of cropping in the Brazilian agricultural frontier state of Mato Grosso using remote sensing and develop a greenhouse gas emissions budget. The most common type of intensification in this region is a shift from single- to double-cropping patterns and associated changes in management, including increased fertilization. Using the enhanced vegetation index (EVI) from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor, the authors created a green-leaf phenology for 2001–06 that was temporally smoothed with a wavelet filter. The wavelet-smoothed green-leaf phenology was analyzed to detect cropland areas and their cropping patterns. The authors document cropland extensification and double-cropping intensification validated with field data with 85% accuracy for detecting croplands and 64% and 89% accuracy for detecting single- and double-cropping patterns, respectively. The results show that croplands more than doubled from 2001 to 2006 to cover about 100 000 km2 and that new double-cropping intensification occurred on over 20% of croplands. Variations are seen in the annual rates of extensification and double-cropping intensification. Greenhouse gas emissions are estimated for the period 2001–06 due to conversion of natural vegetation and pastures to row-crop agriculture in Mato Grosso averaged 179 Tg CO2-e yr−1, over half the typical fossil fuel emissions for the country in recent years.
A Storm-Triggered Landslide Monitoring and Prediction System: Formulation and Case Study
Authors: Ren Diandong , Leslie Lance M. , Fu Rong , Dickinson Robert E. , Xin Xiang 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Predicting the location and timing of mudslides with adequate lead time is a scientifically challenging problem that is critical for mitigating landslide impacts. Here, a new dynamic modeling system is described for monitoring and predicting storm-triggered landslides and their ecosystem implications. The model ingests both conventional and remotely sensed topographic and geologic data, whereas outputs include diagnostics required for the assessment of the physical and societal impacts of landslides.
The system first was evaluated successfully in a series of experiments under idealized conditions. In the main study, under real conditions, the system was assessed over a mountainous region of China, the Yangjiashan Creeping (YC) slope. For this data-rich section of the Changjiang River, the model estimated creeping rates that had RMS errors of ∼0.5 mm yr−1 when compared with a dataset generated from borehole measurements. A prediction of the creeping curve for 2010 was made that suggested significant slope movement will occur in the next 5 years, without any change in the current precipitation morphology. However, sliding will become imminent if a storm occurs in that 5-yr period that produces over 150 mm of precipitation. A sensitivity experiment shows that the identified location fails first, triggering domino-effect slides that progress upslope. This system for predicting storm-triggered landslides is intended to improve upon present warning lead times to minimize the impacts of shallow, fast moving, and therefore hazardous landslides.
Mapping Burned Areas in a Mediterranean Environment Using Soft Integration of Spectral Indices from High-Resolution Satellite Images
Authors: Boschetti Mirco , Stroppiana Daniela , Brivio Pietro Alessandro 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
This article presents a new method for burned area mapping using high-resolution satellite images in the Mediterranean ecosystem. In such a complex environment, high-resolution satellite images represent an appropriate data source for identifying fire-affected areas, and single postfire data are often the only available source of information. The method proposed here integrates several spectral indices into a fuzzy synthetic indicator of likelihood of burn. The indices are interpreted through fuzzy membership functions that have been derived with a partially data-driven approach exploiting training data and expert knowledge. The final map of fire-affected areas is produced by applying a region growing algorithm on the basis of seed pixels selected on a conservative threshold of the synthetic fuzzy score. The algorithm has been developed and tested on a set of Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) scenes acquired over Southern Italy. Validation showed that the accuracy of the burned area maps is comparable or even better [overall accuracy (OA) &gt; 90%, K &gt; 0.76] than that obtained with approaches based on single index thresholds adapted to each image. The method described here provides an automatic approach for mapping fire-affected areas with very few false alarms (low commission error), whereas omission errors are mainly related to undetected small burned areas and are located in heterogeneous sparse vegetation cover.
Development of a New USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map for the United States
Authors: Daly Christopher , Widrlechner Mark P. , Halbleib Michael D. , Smith Joseph I. , Gibson Wayne P. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn many regions of the world, the extremes of winter cold are a major determinant of the geographic distribution of perennial plant species and of their successful cultivation. In the United States, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Plant Hardiness Zone Map (PHZM) is the primary reference for defining geospatial patterns of extreme winter cold for the horticulture and nursery industries, home gardeners, agrometeorologists, and plant scientists. This paper describes the approaches followed for updating the USDA PHZM, the last version of which was published in 1990. The new PHZM depicts 1976–2005 mean annual extreme minimum temperature, in 2.8°C (5°F) half zones, for the conterminous United States, Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico. Station data were interpolated to a grid with the Parameter-Elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) climate-mapping system. PRISM accounts for the effects of elevation, terrain-induced airmass blockage, coastal effects, temperature inversions, and cold-air pooling on extreme minimum temperature patterns. Climatologically aided interpolation was applied, based on the 1971–2000 mean minimum temperature of the coldest month as the predictor grid. Evaluation of a standard-deviation map and two 15-yr maps (1976–90 and 1991–2005 averaging periods) revealed substantial vertical and horizontal gradients in trend and variability, especially in complex terrain. The new PHZM is generally warmer by one 2.8°C (5°F) half zone than the previous PHZM throughout much of the United States, as a result of a more recent averaging period. Nonetheless, a more sophisticated interpolation technique, greater physiographic detail, and more comprehensive station data were the main causes of zonal changes in complex terrain, especially in the western United States. The updated PHZM can be accessed online (http://www.planthardiness.ars.usda.gov).
Assimilation of Tropical Cyclone Track and Structure Based on the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF)
Authors: Wu Chun-Chieh , Lien Guo-Yuan , Chen Jan-Huey , Zhang Fuqing 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
A new tropical cyclone vortex initialization method based on the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is proposed in this study. Three observed parameters that are related to the tropical cyclone (TC) track and structure—center position, velocity of storm motion, and surface axisymmetric wind structure—are assimilated into the high-resolution Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model during a 24-h initialization period to develop a dynamically balanced TC vortex without employing any extra bogus schemes. The first two parameters are available from the TC track data of operational centers, which are mainly based on satellite analysis. The radial wind profile is constructed by fitting the combined information from both the best-track and the dropwindsonde data available from aircraft surveillance observations, such as the Dropwindsonde Observations for Typhoon Surveillance near the Taiwan Region (DOTSTAR).
The initialized vortex structure is consistent with the observations of a typical vertical TC structure, even though only the surface wind profile is assimilated. In addition, the subsequent numerical integration shows minor adjustments during early periods, indicating that the analysis fields obtained from this method are dynamically balanced. Such a feature is important for TC numerical integrations. The results here suggest that this new method promises an improved TC initialization and could possibly contribute to some high-resolution numerical experiments to better understand the dynamics of TC structure and to improve operational TC model forecasts. Further applications of this method with sophisticated data from The Observing System Research and Predictability Experiment (THORPEX) Pacific Asian Regional Campaign (T-PARC) will be shown in a follow-up paper.
Development and validation of a patient self-assessed questionnaire on satisfaction with communication of the multiple sclerosis diagnosis
Authors: Solari A. , Mattarozzi K. , Vignatelli L. , Giordano A. , Russo PM , Messmer Uccelli M. , D'Alessandro R. ,   on behalf of the SIMS-Trial group and of the GERONIMUS group
Published: September 2010

Background: We describe the development and clinical validation of a patient self-administered tool assessing the quality of multiple sclerosis diagnosis disclosure. Method: A multiple sclerosis expert panel generated questionnaire items from the Doctor’s Interpersonal Skills Questionnaire, literature review, and interviews with neurology inpatients. The resulting 19-item Comunicazione medico-paziente nella Sclerosi Multipla (COSM) was pilot tested/debriefed on seven patients with multiple sclerosis and administered to 80 patients newly diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. The resulting revised 20-item version (COSM-R) was debriefed on five patients with multiple sclerosis, field tested/debriefed on multiple sclerosis patients, and field tested on 105 patients newly diagnosed with multiple sclerosis participating in a clinical trial on an information aid. The hypothesized monofactorial structure of COSM-R section 2 was tested on the latter two groups. Results: The questionnaire was well accepted. Scaling assumptions were satisfactory in terms of score distributions, item—total correlations and internal consistency. Factor analysis confirmed section 2’s monofactorial structure, which was also test—retest reliable (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] 0.73; 95% CI 0.54—0.85). Section 1 had only fair test—retest reliability (ICC 0.45; 95% CI 0.12—0.69), and three items had 8—21% missed responses. Conclusions: COSM-R is a brief, easy-to-interpret MS-specific questionnaire for use as a health care indicator.