bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Placental Weight and Breast Cancer Risk in Young Women: A Registry-Based Cohort Study from Norway
Authors: Opdahl Signe , Alsaker Mirjam D.K. , Romundstad Pål R. , Eskild Anne , Vatten Lars J. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Background: Pregnancy has a short-term risk-increasing effect on breast cancer that may be attributed to growth-promoting effects of pregnancy hormones on prevalent but undetected tumors. Results of two previous studies suggested that placental weight may be positively associated with breast cancer risk.
Methods: In a cohort of 338,051 women followed from 1999 to 2008, on the basis of data linkage between the Medical Birth Registry of Norway and the Cancer Registry of Norway, we assessed whether placental weight in a woman's most recent pregnancy was related to breast cancer risk during the first years following pregnancy.
Results: During follow-up (median, 6.0 years; interquartile range, 3.0–8.3 years), 648 women were diagnosed with breast cancer at a mean age of 38.4 years (standard deviation, 5.3 years). Placental weight in the most recent pregnancy was not associated with breast cancer risk: the hazard ratio per 100-gram increase in placental weight was 1.03 [95% confidence interval, 0.96–1.10]. There was a similar lack of association related to mean placental weight across pregnancies and to placental weight associated with the first birth.
Conclusion: We could not confirm previous reports that women who develop large placentas are at increased risk of breast cancer.
Impact: The epidemiologic support for an association of placental weight with breast cancer risk remains inconclusive. More research is needed to identify factors that influence breast cancer risk in young women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(7); 1060–5. ©2012 AACR.
Association of the 15q25 and 5p15 Lung Cancer Susceptibility Regions with Gene Expression in Lung Tumor Tissue
Authors: Fehringer Gord , Liu Geoffrey , Pintilie Melania , Sykes Jenna , Cheng Dangxiao , Liu Ni , Chen Zhuo , Seymour Lesley , Der Sandy D. , Shepherd Frances A. , Tsao Ming-Sound , Hung Rayjean J. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Background: Genome-wide association studies have identified two independent lung cancer susceptibility loci at chromosome 15q25 and one locus at 5p15. We examined the association of genetic variants in these regions with gene expression in lung tumor tissue, in an effort to elucidate carcinogenic mechanisms by which these variants influence lung cancer risk.
Methods: We used data from 2 independent studies of non–small cell lung carcinoma patients: the JBR.10 clinical trial (n = 131) and a University Health Network (UHN) patient sample in Toronto (n = 181). We genotyped seven 15q25 and five 5p15 variants and examined their association with expression profiles of genes in the corresponding regions, measured by Affymetrix HG-U133A.
Results: The minor allele (C) of a variant representing one of the two loci at 15q25 (rs2036534) was associated with increased iron-responsive element binding protein 2 (IREB2) expression in both studies (JBR.10 P = 0.042; UHN P = 0.002). A false discovery rate of 0.05 or less in the UHN sample increased our confidence in this association. The association appears to be more prominent among lung adenocarcinoma patients. We did not detect an association between genotype and expression profile for the other 15q25 locus or for 5p15 variants.
Conclusions: In contrast to previous studies that indicate 15q25 variants are associated with lung cancer risk through an effect on smoking behavior, our results suggest these variants may influence risk through a second mechanism, involving modulation of IREB2 expression.
Impact: This finding expands on potential mechanisms through which 15q25 variants influence lung cancer risk and may have implications for future research on chemoprevention strategies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(7); 1097–104. ©2012 AACR.
The MTAP-CDKN2A Locus Confers Susceptibility to a Naturally Occurring Canine Cancer
Authors: Shearin Abigail L. , Hedan Benoit , Cadieu Edouard , Erich Suzanne A. , Schmidt Emmett V. , Faden Daniel L. , Cullen John , Abadie Jerome , Kwon Erika M. , Gröne Andrea , Devauchelle Patrick , Rimbault Maud , Karyadi Danielle M. , Lynch Mary , Galibert Francis , Breen Matthew , Rutteman Gerard R. , André Catherine , Parker Heidi G. , Ostrander Elaine A. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Background: Advantages offered by canine population substructure, combined with clinical presentations similar to human disorders, makes the dog an attractive system for studies of cancer genetics. Cancers that have been difficult to study in human families or populations are of particular interest. Histiocytic sarcoma is a rare and poorly understood neoplasm in humans that occurs in 15% to 25% of Bernese Mountain Dogs (BMD).
Methods: Genomic DNA was collected from affected and unaffected BMD in North America and Europe. Both independent and combined genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were used to identify cancer-associated loci. Fine mapping and sequencing narrowed the primary locus to a single gene region.
Results: Both populations shared the same primary locus, which features a single haplotype spanning MTAP and part of CDKN2A and is present in 96% of affected BMD. The haplotype is within the region homologous to human chromosome 9p21, which has been implicated in several types of cancer.
Conclusions: We present the first GWAS for histiocytic sarcoma in any species. The data identify an associated haplotype in the highly cited tumor suppressor locus near CDKN2A. These data show the power of studying distinctive malignancies in highly predisposed dog breeds.
Impact: Here, we establish a naturally occurring model of cancer susceptibility due to CDKN2 dysregulation, thus providing insight about this cancer-associated, complex, and poorly understood genomic region. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(7); 1019–27. ©2012 AACR.
Multistage Analysis of Variants in the Inflammation Pathway and Lung Cancer Risk in Smokers
Authors: Spitz Margaret R. , Gorlov Ivan P. , Dong Qiong , Wu Xifeng , Chen Wei , Chang David W. , Etzel Carol J. , Caporaso Neil E. , Zhao Yang , Christiani David C. , Brennan Paul , Albanes Demetrius , Shi Jianxin , Thun Michael , Landi Maria Teresa , Amos Christopher I. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Background: Tobacco-induced lung cancer is characterized by a deregulated inflammatory microenvironment. Variants in multiple genes in inflammation pathways may contribute to risk of lung cancer.
Methods: We therefore conducted a three-stage comprehensive pathway analysis (discovery, replication, and meta-analysis) of inflammation gene variants in ever-smoking lung cancer cases and controls. A discovery set (1,096 cases and 727 controls) and an independent and nonoverlapping internal replication set (1,154 cases and 1,137 controls) were derived from an ongoing case–control study. For discovery, we used an iSelect BeadChip to interrogate a comprehensive panel of 11,737 inflammation pathway single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and selected nominally significant (P &lt; 0.05) SNPs for internal replication.
Results: There were six SNPs that achieved statistical significance (P &lt; 0.05) in the internal replication data set with concordant risk estimates for former smokers and five concordant and replicated SNPs in current smokers. Replicated hits were further tested in a subsequent meta-analysis using external data derived from two published genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and a case–control study. Two of these variants (a BCL2L14 SNP in former smokers and an SNP in IL2RB in current smokers) were further validated. In risk score analyses, there was a 26% increase in risk with each additional adverse allele when we combined the genotyped SNP and the most significant imputed SNP in IL2RB in current smokers and a 36% similar increase in risk for former smokers associated with genotyped and imputed BCL2L14 SNPs.
Conclusions/Impact: Before they can be applied for risk prediction efforts, these SNPs should be subject to further external replication and more extensive fine mapping studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(7); 1213–21. ©2012 AACR.
Serum Vitamin D and Risk of Bladder Cancer in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial
Authors: Mondul Alison M. , Weinstein Stephanie J. , Horst Ronald L. , Purdue Mark , Albanes Demetrius 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Background: The one previous prospective study of vitamin D status and risk of urinary bladder cancer found that male smokers with low serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D [25(OH)D] were at a nearly two-fold increased risk. We conducted an analysis of serum 25(OH)D and risk of bladder cancer in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Study and examined whether serum vitamin D binding protein (DBP) concentration confounded or modified the association.
Methods: Three hundred and seventy-five cases of bladder cancer were matched 1:1 with controls based on age (±5 years), race, sex, and date of blood collection (±30 days). Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of bladder cancer by prediagnosis levels of 25(OH)D.
Results: We found no strong or statistically significant association between serum 25(OH)D and bladder cancer risk (Q1 vs. Q4: OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.52–1.36; Ptrend = 0.56). Further adjustment for, or stratification by, serum DBP did not alter the findings, nor was there a main effect association between DBP and risk.
Conclusion: In contrast to an earlier report, we observed no association between vitamin D status and risk of bladder cancer; this difference could be due to the inclusion of women and nonsmokers in the current study population or due to the differences in the distribution of vitamin D concentrations between the two study populations.
Impact: These findings may contribute to future meta-analyses and help elucidate whether the vitamin D–bladder cancer association varies across populations. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(7); 1222–5. ©2012 AACR.
The Role of Atmospheric Dynamics and Climate Change on the Possible Fate of Glaciers in the Karakoram
Authors: Janes Tamara J. , Bush Andrew B. G. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
High-resolution regional climate simulations for the Karakoram Mountain range in the greater Himalayas have been performed to investigate the atmospheric dynamics of this region, and their role in the Karakoram’s snowfall accumulation and possible glacial evolution through the next century. It has been found through a combination of field measurements and satellite observations that glaciers in this region appear to be reacting differently to contemporary climate change than those in other regions. This region has exhibited a relatively large number of either static or advancing glaciers while other glaciers in the central and eastern Himalayas, as well as around the world, are nearly all retreating. The amount of precipitation received in the Karakoram region depends on the interplay between two climate systems: the westerly winds flowing over the Mediterranean and Caspian Seas, and the South Asian monsoon winds (also referred to as the Indian monsoon) flowing over the Indian Ocean. This study extends the modeling time frame by performing time-slice calculations for the Karakoram region through the twenty-first century. Despite regionwide simulated temperature changes, the highly elevated regions of the Karakoram Mountain range experience positive climatic mass balance until the end of the modeling time period. This result arises from a strong positive correlation between climatic mass balance and simulated increases in regional precipitation, which outweighs the negative correlation between climatic mass balance and simulated increases in temperature. Also, the extreme elevations within the Karakoram allow regional alpine glaciers to benefit from a strong elevation-dependent signal simulated in net snowfall accumulation, and hence climatic mass balance.
Geophysical Applications of Partial Wavelet Coherence and Multiple Wavelet Coherence
Authors: Ng Eric K. W. , Chan Johnny C. L. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
In this paper, the application of partial wavelet coherence (PWC) and multiple wavelet coherence (MWC) to geophysics is demonstrated. PWC is a technique similar to partial correlation that helps identify the resulting wavelet coherence (WTC) between two time series after eliminating the influence of their common dependence. MWC, akin to multiple correlation, is, however, useful in seeking the resulting WTC of multiple independent variables on a dependent one. The possible El Niño–Southern Oscillation–related impact of the large-scale atmospheric factors on tropical cyclone activity over the western North Pacific is used as an example. A software package for PWC and MWC has been developed. It also includes modified software that rectified the bias in the wavelet power spectrum and wavelet cross-spectrum. The package is available online (see http://www.cityu.edu.hk/gcacic/wavelet).
Observed Inner-Core Structural Variability in Hurricane Dolly (2008)*
Authors: Hendricks Eric A. , McNoldy Brian D. , Schubert Wayne H. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Hurricane Dolly (2008) exhibited dramatic inner-core structural variability during a 6-h rapid intensification and deepening event just prior to making landfall in southern Texas at 1800 UTC 23 July. In particular, the eyewall was highly asymmetric from 0634–1243 UTC, with azimuthal wavenumber m = 4–7 patterns in the eyewall radar reflectivity and prominent mesovortex and polygonal eyewall signatures. Evidence is presented that the most likely cause of the high-wavenumber asymmetries is a convectively modified form of barotropic instability of the thin eyewall potential vorticity ring. The rapid intensification and deepening event occurred while Dolly was in a favorable environment with weak deep-layer vertical wind shear and warm sea surface temperatures; however, the environmental conditions were becoming less favorable during the period of rapid intensification. Therefore, it is plausible that the internal vortex dynamics were dominant contributors to the rapid intensification and deepening.
Including Uncertainties of Sea Surface Temperature in an Ensemble Kalman Filter: A Case Study of Typhoon Sinlaku (2008)
Authors: Kunii Masaru , Miyoshi Takemasa 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Sea surface temperature (SST) plays an important role in tropical cyclone (TC) life cycle evolution, but often the uncertainties in SST estimates are not considered in the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF). The lack of uncertainties in SST generally results in the lack of ensemble spread in the atmospheric states near the sea surface, particularly for temperature and moisture. In this study, the uncertainties of SST are included by adding ensemble perturbations to the SST field, and the impact of the SST perturbations is investigated using the local ensemble transform Kalman filter (LETKF) with the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) in the case of Typhoon Sinlaku (2008). In addition to the experiment with the perturbed SST, another experiment with manually inflated ensemble perturbations near the sea surface is performed for comparison. The results indicate that the SST perturbations within EnKF generally improve analyses and their subsequent forecasts, although manually inflating the ensemble spread instead of perturbing SST does not help. Investigations of the ensemble-based forecast error covariance indicate larger scales for low-level temperature and moisture from the SST perturbations, although manual inflation of ensemble spread does not produce such structural effects on the forecast error covariance. This study suggests the importance of considering SST perturbations within ensemble-based data assimilation and promotes further studies with more sophisticated methods of perturbing SST fields such as using a fully coupled atmosphere–ocean model.
Does Childhood Misfortune Increase Cancer Risk in Adulthood?
Authors: Morton Patricia M. , Schafer Markus H. , Ferraro Kenneth F. 
Published: July 2012

Objective: To address the inconsistent findings on whether childhood misfortune increases adult cancer occurrence. Methods: This study uses longitudinal data from the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS) that first sampled 3,032 respondents aged 25 to 74 during 1995-1996. A series of logistic regressions were estimated separately for men and women to test whether the effect of childhood misfortune on adult cancer was largely cumulative or specific to the type or profile of misfortune. Results: For men, additive childhood misfortune, physical abuse by father, and frequent abuse by either parent increased cancer risk. For women, physical abuse by mother and frequent abuse by either parent increased cancer risk. Discussion: Analyses revealed the importance of examining alternative specifications of childhood misfortune for men and women. Additive childhood misfortune predicted cancer for men only, whereas child abuse by parent of the same sex predicted cancer for men and women.
Preparation and characterization of nitrile butadiene rubber-nanoclay composites with maleic acid anhydride as compatibilizer. Part I
Authors: Sadek E. M. , El-Nashar D. E. 
Published: July 2012

Nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR)-nanoclay composites have been prepared. Maleic acid anhydride-treated organoclay (MOC) was synthesized and utilized as a compatibilizer. The prepared clay structures were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Furthermore, the FTIR investigation confirmed the incorporation of (MOC) in the NBR matrix, X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that an exfoliated structure was obtained, and scanning electron microscope images displayed the good interaction between the MOC and the rubber matrix. The influence of the MOC content (i.e. 1, 3, 5, 10, 20 phr) relative to the micrometer clay (i.e. 10, 20 phr) on the NBR compounds was analyzed through rheometric and swelling characteristics. The rheometric study demonstrated an increase in minimum and maximum torques, delayed scorch time and optimum cure time for the MOC (3 phr)-incorporated NBR compound compared to pure NBR. The cure rate index followed the same trend. In addition, these particular compounds showed decreased equilibrium swelling in toluene solvent, increased crosslinking density, a greater volume fraction and bound rubber content compared to the corresponding rubber filled with micrometer clay.
Disconcerting aspects in the everyday professional life of the mental health clinician: a brief overview
Authors: Restifo Sam 
Published: July 2012

Objective: To collate and briefly outline some commonly encountered sources of unease in the professional life of mental health clinicians. Method: This paper is based on observations from a range of workplace settings, personal reflection and ideas drawn from the professional literature. Conclusion: There is considerable room for reducing work-related feelings of unease in mental health clinicians, such as through arriving at a better understanding of: the limitations of the academic literature with regard to clinical work and low predictability of treatment outcomes, the almost inevitable presence of patients’ ambivalence toward treatment, the rather personal nature of the work, the issues around ownership over patients’ difficulties and decisions pertaining to treatment, and clinicians cultivating a capacity for circumspection about ‘fixing’ patients and in so doing reduce their own levels of performance anxiety.
Surgical team members’ compliance with and knowledge of basic hand hygiene guidelines and intraoperative hygiene
Authors: Swenne CL , Alexandrén Katrin 
Published: July 2012

The aim of the present study was to observe surgical team members’ compliance with basic hand hygiene and intraoperative hygiene guidelines during the anaesthetic and surgical procedure. A secondary aim was to investigate the team members’ knowledge and attitudes toward these guidelines. A structured observation schedule was designed to capture observational data on compliance with hygiene guidelines. A questionnaire was also designed to elicit written responses on attitudes, beliefs and knowledge about hygiene routines. The results showed that the clinical procedures for basic hand hygiene and intraoperative hygiene were flawed in three areas. Hand disinfection before and after direct patient contact was incomplete. Secondly, the team members used gloves in an incorrect way. Thirdly, the scrub nurse did not always change sterile gloves after intraoperative skin disinfection before handling sterile instruments. The quantity of 0.5% chlorhexidine with 70% ethanol used varied and the mechanical performance of skin disinfection varied. Knowledge of hand hygiene routines and intraoperative hygiene routines among surgical team members is incomplete and adherence needs to improve. Regular routine observations and continuous feedback to all staff may be necessary to improve compliance and avoid deterioration of practice.
On finite groups with their character tables having at most "Equation missing" zeros in each column
Authors: Yan Yanxiong , Xu Haijing , Chen Guiyun 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
In the present paper, the authors classify finite solvable groups whose character tables have at most

p
+
1

zeros in each column, where p is the minimal prime divisor of their orders.

MSC:20C15.
Synthesized OVA323-339MAP octamers mitigate OVA-induced airway inflammation by regulating Foxp3 T regulatory cells
Authors: Su Wen , Zhong Wenwei , Zhang Yanjie , Xia Zhenwei 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackgroundAntigen-specific immunotherapy (SIT) has been widely practiced in treating allergic diseases such as asthma. However, this therapy may induce a series of allergic adverse events during treatment. Peptide immunotherapy (PIT) was explored to overcome these disadvantages. We confirmed that multiple antigen peptides (MAPs) do not cause autoimmune responses, which led to the presumption that MAPs intervention could alleviate allergic airway inflammation without inducing adverse effects.ResultsIn this study, synthesized OVA323-339MAP octamers were subcutaneously injected into ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized and -challenged Balb/c mice to observe its effect on allergic airway inflammation, Th2 immune response,and immune regulating function. It was confirmed that OVA sensitization and challenge led to significant peritracheal inflammatory,cell infiltration,and intensive Th2 response. Treatment of OVA323-339MAP octomers in the airway inflammation mice model increased CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T regulatory (Treg) cells and their regulatory function in peripheral blood, mediastinal draining lymph nodes, and the spleen. Furthermore, OVA323-339MAP increased IL-10 levels in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF); up-regulated the expression of IL-10, membrane-bound TGF-β1, as well as Foxp3 in lung tissues; and up-regulated programmed death-1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) on the surface of Treg cells. These results were further correlated with the decreased OVA specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) level and the infiltration of inflammatory cells such as eosinophils and lymphocytes in BALF. However, OVA323-339peptide monomers did not show any of the mentioned effects in the same animal model.ConclusionsOur study indicates that OVA323-339MAP had significant therapeutic effects on mice allergic airway inflammation by regulating the balance of Th1/Th2 response through Treg cells in vivo.