bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
US Hospital Service Availability and New 340B Program Participation
Authors: Owsley Kelsey M. , Hasnain-Wynia Romana , Rooks Ronica N. , Tung Gregory J. , Mays Glen P. , Lindrooth Richard C. 
Published: May 2024

ImportanceThe US 340B Drug Pricing Program enables eligible hospitals to receive substantial discounts on outpatient drugs to improve hospitals’ financial sustainability and maintain access to care for patients who have low income and/or are uninsured. However, it is unclear whether hospitals use program savings to subsidize access as intended.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether the 340B program is associated with improvements in access to hospital-based services and to test whether the association varies by hospital ownership.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsDifference-in-differences and cohort analysis from 2010 to 2019. Never and newly participating 340B general, acute, nonfederal hospitals in the US using data from the American Hospital Association’s Annual Survey of Hospitals merged with hospital and market characteristics. Data were analyzed from January 1, 2023, to January 31, 2024.ExposuresNew enrollment in 340B between 2012 and 2018.Main Outcomes and MeasuresTotal number of unprofitable service lines, ie, substance use, psychiatric (inpatient and outpatient), burn clinic, and obstetrics services; and profitable services, ie, cardiac surgery and orthopedic, oncologic, neurologic, and neonatal intensive services.ResultsThe study sample comprised a total of 2152 hospitals, 1074 newly participating and 1078 not participating in the 340B program. Participating hospitals were more likely than nonparticipating hospitals to be critical access and teaching hospitals, have higher Medicaid shares, and be located in rural areas and in Medicaid expansion states. At public hospitals, participation in the 340B program was associated with a significant increase in total unprofitable services (0.21; 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.38; P = .02) and marginal increases in substance use (5.4 percentage points [pp]; 95% CI, –0.8 pp to 11.6 pp; P = .09) and inpatient psychiatric (6.5 pp; 95% CI, –0.7 pp to 13.7 pp; P = .09) services. Among nonprofit hospitals, there was no significant association between 340B and service offerings (profitable and unprofitable) except for an increase in oncologic services (2.5 pp; 95% CI, 0.0 pp to 5.0 pp; P = .05).Conclusions and RelevanceThe finding of the cohort study indicate that participation in the 340B program was associated with an increase in unprofitable services among newly participating public hospitals. Nonprofit hospitals were largely unaffected. These findings suggest that public hospitals responded to 340B savings by improving patient access, whereas nonprofits did not. This heterogeneous response should be considered when evaluating the eligibility criteria for the 340B program and how it affects social welfare.
Prostate‐Specific Membrane Antigen Targeted StarPEG Nanocarrier for Imaging and Therapy of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Meher Niranjan , Ashley Gary W. , Bobba Kondapa Naidu , Wadhwa Anju , Bidkar Anil P. , Dasari Chandrashekhar , Mu Changhua , Sankaranarayanan Ramya Ambur , Serrano Juan A. Camara , Raveendran Athira , Bulkley David P. , Aggarwal Rahul , Greenland Nancy Y. , Oskowitz Adam , Wilson David M. , Seo Youngho , Santi Daniel V. , VanBrocklin Henry F. , Flavell Robert R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe tumor uptake of large non‐targeted nanocarriers primarily occurs through passive extravasation, known as the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Prior studies demonstrated improved tumor uptake and retention of 4‐arm 40 kDa star polyethylene glycol (StarPEG) polymers for cancer imaging by adding prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA) targeting small molecule ligands. To test PSMA‐targeted delivery and therapeutic efficacy, StarPEG nanodrugs with/without three copies of PSMA‐targeting ligands, ACUPA, are designed and synthesized. For single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging and therapy, each nanocarrier is labeled with 177Lu using DOTA radiometal chelator. The radiolabeled nanodrugs, [177Lu]PEG‐(DOTA)1 and [177Lu]PEG‐(DOTA)1(ACUPA)3, are evaluated in vitro and in vivo using PSMA+ PC3‐Pip and/or PSMA– PC3‐Flu cell lines, subcutaneous xenografts and disseminated metastatic models. The nanocarriers are efficiently radiolabeled with 177Lu with molar activities 10.8–15.8 MBq/nmol. Besides excellent in vitro PSMA binding affinity (kD = 51.7 nM), the targeted nanocarrier, [177Lu]PEG‐(DOTA)1(ACUPA)3, demonstrated excellent in vivo SPECT imaging contrast with 21.3% ID/g PC3‐Pip tumors uptake at 192 h. Single doses of 18.5 MBq [177Lu]PEG‐(DOTA)1(ACUPA)3 showed complete resolution of the PC3‐Pip xenografts observed up to 138 days. Along with PSMA‐targeted excellent imaging contrast, these results demonstrated high treatment efficacy of [177Lu]PEG‐(DOTA)1(ACUPA)3 for prostate cancer, with potential for clinical translation.
Surface Reconstruction for Efficient NiOx‐Based Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Yan Nan , Cao Yang , Jin Zhiwen , Liu Yucheng , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) , Fang Zhimin , Feng Jiangshan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFunctional agents are verified to efficiently enhance device performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) through surface engineering. However, the influence of intrinsic characteristics of molecules on final device performance is overlooked. Here, a surface reconstruction strategy is developed to enhance the efficiency of inverted PSCs by mitigating the adverse effects of lead chelation (LC) molecules. Bathocuproine (BCP) is chosen as the representative of LC molecules for its easy accessibility and outstanding optoelectronic properties. During this strategy, BCP molecules on perovskite surface are first dissolved in solvents and then captured specially by undercoordinated Pb2+ ions, preventing adverse n‐type doping by the molecules themselves. In this case, the BCP molecule exhibits outstanding passivation effect on perovskite surface, which leads to an obviously increased open‐circuit voltage (VOC). Therefore, a record power conversion efficiency of 25.64% for NiOx‐based inverted PSCs is achieved, maintaining over 80% of initial efficiency after exposure to ambient condition for ≈1500 h.
Effects of Vanadium Doping on the Optical Response and Electronic Structure of WS2 Monolayers
Authors: Sousa Frederico B. , Zheng Boyang , Liu Mingzu , Resende Geovani C. , Zhou Da , Pimenta Marcos A. , Terrones Mauricio , Crespi Vincent H. , Malard Leandro M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract2D dilute magnetic semiconductors have been recently reported in transition metal dichalcogenides doped with spin‐polarized transition metal atoms, for example vanadium‐doped WS2 monolayers, which exhibit room‐temperature ferromagnetic ordering. However, a broadband characterization of the electronic band structure of these doped WS2 monolayers and its dependence on vanadium concentration is still lacking. Therefore, power‐dependent photoluminescence, resonant four‐wave mixing, and differential reflectance spectroscopies are performed here to study optical transitions close to the A exciton energy of vanadium‐doped WS2 monolayers at three different doping levels. Instead of a single A exciton peak, vanadium‐doped samples exhibit two photoluminescence peaks associated with transitions from a donor‐like level and the conduction band minima. Moreover, resonant Raman and second‐harmonic generation experiments reveal a blueshift in the B exciton energy but no energy change in the C exciton after vanadium doping. Density functional theory calculations show that the band structure is sensitive to the Hubbard U correction for vanadium, and several scenarios are proposed to explain the two photoluminescence peaks around the A exciton energy region. This work provides the first broadband optical characterization of these 2D dilute magnetic semiconductors, shedding light on the novel and tunable electronic features of V‐doped WS2 monolayers.
Water‐Assisted Synthesis of Layer‐Controlled CsPbBr3 Nanoplates Spontaneously Encapsulated in PbBr(OH)
Authors: Lian Zhen‐Dong , Wang Bo , Wu Zhi‐Sheng , Lin Hao , Ding Ting , Wang Jin‐Xiao , Zhang Liang‐Xing , Xu Jin‐Cheng , Xiao Peng , Xu Hua , Wang Shuang‐Peng , Ng Kar Wei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCsPbBr3 nanoplates (NPs) have shown great potential in diverse optoelectronic applications. Despite the wonderful luminescence properties, the inherent instability of these NPs hinders their use in practical situations. Herein, a facile water‐assisted strategy is reported to synthesize highly stable blue emission CsPbBr3 NPs encapsulated in PbBr(OH). The introduction of water directly into the reaction mixture is pivotal, as it triggers the transformation of bulk CsPbBr3 nanocubes into 2‐D CsPbBr3 NPs within the PbBr(OH) matrix, resulting in the formation of CsPbBr3@PbBr(OH) microbricks. Remarkably, the water content in the reaction mixture allows the control of the number of perovskite layers in the NPs, thus enabling the emission color to be tuned from deep blue to green. The unconventional approach presented herein not only offers a cost‐effective pathway to synthesize blue‐emitting perovskites which are highly stable in a wide variety of polar and non‐polar solvents, but also holds immense potential for propelling the advancement of high‐performance LEDs and other optoelectronic devices. The findings underscore the significance of water in dictating the growth dynamics and emission characteristics of perovskite NPs, paving the way for their practical application.
Diffuse optical tomography for mapping cerebral hemodynamics and functional connectivity in delirium
Authors: Jiang Shixie , Huang Jingyu , Yang Hao , Czuma Richard , Farley Lauren , Cohen‐Oram Alexis , Hartney Kimberly , Chechotka Kristina , Kozel F. Andrew , Jiang Huabei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONDelirium is associated with mortality and new onset dementia, yet the underlying pathophysiology remains poorly understood. Development of imaging biomarkers has been difficult given the challenging nature of imaging delirious patients. Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) offers a promising approach for investigating delirium given its portability and three‐dimensional capabilities.METHODSTwenty‐five delirious and matched non‐delirious patients (n = 50) were examined using DOT, comparing cerebral oxygenation and functional connectivity in the prefrontal cortex during and after an episode of delirium.RESULTSTotal hemoglobin values were significantly decreased in the delirium group, even after delirium resolution. Functional connectivity between the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex was strengthened post‐resolution compared to during an episode; however, this relationship was still significantly weaker compared to controls.DISCUSSIONThese findings highlight DOT's potential as an imaging biomarker to measure impaired cerebral oxygenation and functional dysconnectivity during and after delirium. Future studies should focus on the role of cerebral oxygenation in delirium pathogenesis and exploring the etiological link between delirium and dementias.Highlights
We developed a portable diffuse optical tomography (DOT) system for bedside three‐dimensional functional neuroimaging to study delirium in the hospital.
We implemented a novel DOT task‐focused seed‐based correlation analysis.
DOT revealed decreased cerebral oxygenation and functional connectivity strength in the delirium group, even after resolution of delirium.
A Stretchable and Tough Graphene Film Enabled by Mechanical Bond
Authors: Wang Chunyu , Gao Boyue , Fang Fuyi , Qi Wenhao , Yan Ge , Zhao Jun , Wang Wenbin , Bai Ruixue , Zhang Zhaoming , Zhang Zhitao , Zhang Wenming , Yan Xuzhou 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe pursuit of fabricating high‐performance graphene films has aroused considerable attention due to their potential for practical applications. However, developing both stretchable and tough graphene films remains a formidable challenge. To address this issue, we herein introduce mechanical bond to comprehensively improve the mechanical properties of graphene films, utilizing [2]rotaxane as the bridging unit. Under external force, the [2]rotaxane cross‐link undergoes intramolecular motion, releasing hidden chain and increasing the interlayer slip distance between graphene nanosheets. Compared with graphene films without [2]rotaxane cross‐linking, the presence of mechanical bond not only boosted the strength of graphene films (247.3 vs 74.8 MPa) but also markedly promoted the tensile strain (23.6 vs 10.2 %) and toughness (23.9 vs 4.0 MJ/m3). Notably, the achieved tensile strain sets a record high and the toughness surpasses most reported results, rendering the graphene films suitable for applications as flexible electrodes. Even when the films were stretched within a 20 % strain and repeatedly bent vertically, the light‐emitting diodes maintained an on‐state with little changes in brightness. Additionally, the film electrodes effectively actuated mechanical joints, enabling uninterrupted grasping movements. Therefore, the study holds promise for expanding the application of graphene films and simultaneously inspiring the development of other high‐performance two‐dimensional films.
Switchable Dual Circularly Polarized Luminescence in Through‐Space Conjugated Chiral Foldamers
Authors: Shen Pingchuan , Jiao Shaoshao , Zhuang Zeyan , Dong Xiaobin , Song Shaoxin , Li Jinshi , Tang Ben Zhong , Zhao Zujin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOrganic materials with switchable dual circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) are highly desired because they can not only directly radiate tunable circularly polarized light themselves but also induce CPL for guests by providing a chiral environment in self‐assembled structures or serving as the hosts for energy transfer systems. However, most organic molecules only exhibit single CPL and it remains challenging to develop organic molecules with dual CPL. Herein, novel through‐space conjugated chiral foldamers are constructed by attaching two biphenyl arms to the 9,10‐positions of phenanthrene, and switchable dual CPL with opposite signs at different emission wavelengths are successfully realized in the foldamers containing high‐polarizability substitutes (cyano, methylthiol and methylsulfonyl). The combined experimental and computational results demonstrate that the intramolecular through‐space conjugation has significant contributions to stabilizing the folded conformations. Upon photoexcitation in high‐polar solvents, strong interactions between the biphenyl arms substituted with cyano, methylthio or methylsulfonyl and the polar environment induce conformation transformation for the foldamers, resulting in two transformable secondary structures of opposite chirality, accounting for the dual CPL with opposite signs. These findings highlight the important influence of the secondary structures on the chiroptical property of the foldamers and pave a new avenue towards efficient and tunable dual CPL materials.
Organocatalytic Enantioselective 1,12‐Addition of Alkynyl Biphenyl Quinone Methides Formed In Situ
Authors: Wang Xing , Shen Boming , Liu Meiwen , Wang Ziyang , Liu Chang , Li Pengfei , Yu Peiyuan , Li Wenjun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe chemistry of quinone methides formed in situ has been flourishing in recent years. In sharp contrast, the development and utilization of biphenyl quinone methides are rare. In this study, we achieved a remote stereocontrolled 1,12‐conjugate addition of biphenyl quinone methides formed in situ for the first time. In the presence of a suitable chiral phosphoric acid, alkynyl biphenyl quinone methides were generated from α‐[4‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)phenyl]propargyl alcohols, followed by enantioselective 1,12‐conjugate addition with indole‐2‐carboxylates. The strategy enabled the alcohols to serve as efficient allenylation reagents, providing practical access to a broad range of axially chiral allenes bearing a (1,1′‐biphenyl)‐4‐ol unit, which were previously less accessible. Combined with control experiments, density functional theory calculations shed light on the reaction mechanism, indicating that enantioselectivity originates from the nucleophilic addition of alkynyl biphenyl quinone methides. Notably, not only the presence of biphenyl quinone methides as versatile intermediates was confirmed but also organocatalytic enantioselective 1,12‐addition was established.
Formation of a Porous Crystalline Mg1‐xAl2Oy Overlayer on Metal Catalysts via Controlled Solid‐State Reactions for High‐temperature Stable Catalysis
Authors: Cai Lihua , Han Shanlei , Xu Wenlong , Chen Si , Shi Xianxian , Lu Junling 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCatalyst deactivation by sintering and coking is a long‐standing issue in metal‐catalyzed harsh high‐temperature hydrocarbon reactions. Ultrathin oxide coatings of metal nanocatalysts have recently appeared attractive to address this issue, while the porosity of the overlayer is difficult to control to preserve the accessibility of embedded metal nanoparticles, thus often leading to a large decrease in activity. Here, we report that a nanometer‐thick alumina coating of MgAl2O4‐supported metal catalysts followed by high‐temperature reduction can transform a nonporous amorphous alumina overlayer into a porous Mg1‐xAl2Oy crystalline spinel structure with a pore size of 2–3 nm and weakened acidity. The high porosity stems from the restrained Mg migration from the MgAl2O4 support to the alumina overlayer through solid‐state reactions at high temperatures. The resulting Ni/MgAl2O4 and Pt/MgAl2O4 catalysts with a porous crystalline Mg1‐xAl2Oy overlayer achieved remarkably high stability while preserving much higher activity than the corresponding alumina‐coated Ni and Pt catalysts on MgO and Al2O3 supports in the reactions of dry reforming of methane and propane dehydrogenation, respectively.
Experimental and numerical study on mechanical behavior of 3D printed adhesive joints with polycarbonate substrates
Authors: Öztürk Fatih Huzeyfe , Marques E. A. S. , Carbas R. J. C. , da Silva L. F. M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAdhesive joints play a crucial role in enhancing the structural integrity and performance of 3D printed parts. The purpose of this study is to investigate the failure load and behavior of polycarbonate (PC) single lap joints (SLJs) produced by fused deposition modeling (FDM) using experimental and finite element analysis (FEA) methods. The FEA of joints presents a new approach by integrating PC substrates with Hill yield criterion, transversely isotropic material and adhesive layer with cohesive zone modeling (CZM). The study focused on the effect of printing angles (0°, 45°, and 90°) and overlap lengths (12.5 and 25 mm) on the performance of SLJs. The influence of 3D printing parameters on the mechanical behavior of PC joints was investigated by tensile testing of SLJs. The experimental failure load was 1586 N for a 12.5 mm joint at 90° and 4115 N for a 25.4 mm joint at 0°. Comparison of the experimental and FEA failure loads of the joints showed maximum and minimum differences of 11.98% and 1.34%, respectively. This result showed that the proposed model is applicable for determining the joint strength as a function of the printing angle and monitoring the joint damage behavior.
Fe3+‐activated magnetoplumbite persistent luminescence phosphor by modulating the oxygen vacancy
Authors: Du Zhan , Shang Huijun , Wang Bo , Pan Feng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBroadband near‐infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has gained significant attention due to its versatile application in various fields. In the realm of NIR phosphors, Fe3+ ion is an excellent activator known for its nontoxic and harmless nature. In this study, we prepared an Fe3+‐activated SrGa12O19 (SGO) NIR phosphor and analyzed its phase and luminescence properties. Upon excitation at 326 nm, the SGO:Fe3+ phosphor exhibited a broadband emission in the range 700–1000 nm, peaking at 816 nm. The optical band gap of SGO:Fe3+ was evaluated. To enhance the long‐lasting phosphorescence, an oxygen vacancy‐rich SGO:Fe3+ (VO‐SGO:Fe3+) sample was prepared for activation. Interestingly, the increase in the oxygen‐vacancy concentration indeed contributed to the activation of persistent luminescence of Fe3+ ions. The VO‐SGO:Fe3+ sample has a long duration and high charge storage capacity, allowing it to perform efficiently in various applications. This work provides the foundation for further design of Cr3+‐free PersL phosphors with efficient NIR PersL.
Reprogramming anchorage dependency to develop cell lines for recombinant protein expression
Authors: Lee Ju Young , Huh Hyunbin D. , Lee Dong Ki , Park So Yeon , Shin Ji Eun , Gee Heon Yung , Park Hyun Woo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAs the biopharmaceutical industry continues to mature in its cost‐effectiveness and productivity, many companies have begun employing larger‐scale biomanufacturing and bioprocessing protocols. While many of these protocols require cells with anchorage‐independent growth, it remains challenging to induce the necessary suspension adaptations in many different cell types. In addition, although transfection efficiency is an important consideration for all cells, especially for therapeutic protein production, cells in suspension are generally more difficult to transfect than adherent cells. Thus, much of the biomanufacturing industry is focused on the development of new human cell lines with properties that can support more efficient biopharmaceutical production. With this in mind, we identified a set of “Adherent‐to‐Suspension Transition” (AST) factors, IKZF1, BTG2 and KLF1, the expression of which induces adherent cells to acquire anchorage‐independent growth. Working from the HEK293A cell line, we established 293‐AST cells and 293‐AST‐TetR cells for inducible and reversible reprogramming of anchorage dependency. Surprisingly, we found that the AST‐TetR system induces the necessary suspension adaptations with an accompanying increase in transfection efficiency and protein expression rate. Our AST‐TetR system therefore represents a novel technological platform for the development of cell lines used for generating therapeutic proteins.