bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selectivity Evaluation for Two Experimental Gill-Net Configurations Used to Sample Lake Erie Walleyes
Authors: Vandergoot Christopher S. , Kocovsky Patrick M. , Brenden Travis O. , Liu Weihai 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
We used length frequencies of captured walleyes Sander vitreus to indirectly estimate and compare selectivity between two experimental gill-net configurations used to sample fish in Lake Erie: (1) a multifilament configuration currently used by the Ohio Department of Natural Resources (ODNR) with stretched-measure mesh sizes ranging from 51 to 127 mm and a constant filament diameter (0.37 mm); and (2) a monofilament configuration with mesh sizes ranging from 38 to 178 mm and varying filament diameter (range = 0.20–0.33 mm). Paired sampling with the two configurations revealed that the catch of walleyes smaller than 250 mm and larger than 600 mm was greater in the monofilament configuration than in the multifilament configuration, but the catch of 250–600-mm fish was greater in the multifilament configuration. Binormal selectivity functions yielded the best fit to observed walleye catches for both gill-net configurations based on model deviances. Incorporation of deviation terms in the binormal selectivity functions (i.e., to relax the assumption of geometric similarity) further improved the fit to observed catches. The final fitted selectivity functions produced results similar to those from the length-based catch comparisons: the monofilament configuration had greater selectivity for small and large walleyes and the multifilament configuration had greater selectivity for mid-sized walleyes. Computer simulations that incorporated the fitted binormal selectivity functions indicated that both nets were likely to result in some bias in age composition estimates and that the degree of bias would ultimately be determined by the underlying condition, mortality rate, and growth rate of the Lake Erie walleye population. Before the ODNR switches its survey gear, additional comparisons of the different gill-net configurations, such as fishing the net pairs across a greater range of depths and at more locations in the lake, should be conducted to maintain congruence in the fishery-independent survey time series.
Received January 5, 2011; accepted May 13, 2011
Relationship between Electrofishing Catch Rate and Adult Trout Abundance in Wisconsin Streams
Authors: Bergman Paul S. , Hansen Michael J. , Nate Nancy A. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The relative quickness and cost effectiveness of single-pass electrofishing samples (catch per effort [CPE]) argues for their use over multiple-pass estimates for enumerating stream fish populations. However, CPE can be an imprecise index of fish abundance and therefore may be less useful than more-precise indices of abundance, such as those obtained from mark–recapture or depletion methods, for assessing trout populations. We evaluated the use of single-pass electrofishing samples (catch/mi) as abundance (number/mi) predictors of adult brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis and brown trout Salmo trutta in Wisconsin streams by quantifying the relationship between electrofishing CPE and adult trout abundance. First, we tested for linearity of the relationship between CPE and adult trout abundance while accounting for measurement error. Next, we explained the residual variability in the relationship using physical and biological attributes of surveyed streams. We found that the relationship between CPE and adult trout abundance was proportional (linear) for both brook trout and brown trout. Electrofishing catchability did not differ significantly between trout species or among seasons or ecoregions. However, catchability was significantly greater for towed-barge electrofishing (0.64; 95% confidence interval, 0.55–0.73) than backpack electrofishing (0.23; 0.09–0.59). Adult trout abundance alone explained 82% of the variation in CPE for backpack units and 87% of the variation in CPE for towed-barge units. Stream habitat features such as stream slope, mean stream width, and pool density failed to explain additional variation in catchability. Our results indicate that CPE can provide a reliable index of adult trout abundance in Wisconsin streams, but mark–recapture methods may still be needed to obtain a more precise estimate of abundance. However, because time and effort can be reduced 50% if single-pass CPEs are used instead of mark–recapture abundance estimates to predict adult trout abundance, managers may choose to sacrifice higher precision for reduced sampling effort.
Received December 20, 2010; accepted June 17, 2011
Education in the Era of the Millennials and Implications for Future Fisheries Professionals and Conservation
Authors: Millenbah Kelly F , Wolter Bjørn H K , Taylor William W 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Fisheries and other natural resource professionals face growing challenges in their fields and the resources that they manage. Many are well aware of the pending impacts of retirement of the Baby Boomers and the loss of collective knowledge held by those individuals. We are also acutely aware of the damaging impacts of reduced budget allocations for natural resources–based programs. Concomitant to the decrease in funding is the ever-increasing complexity of the fisheries discipline that brings with it new and more complicated ecological and governance challenges. These, and the evolving preferences, morals, and values of today's college students, pose a unique and difficult dynamic for engaging the next generation in the stewardship of fish and wildlife resources. Critical to the success of future conservation efforts will be the modification of educational and workplace systems, including the American Fisheries Society, to prepare and support future professionals so that they may handle this suite of complex, interdisciplinary issues. Understanding the characteristics of the next generation of natural resource leaders, and the individuals with whom they will interact in pursuit of conservation, is key to ensuring that they can meet the challenges of a new era in resources management. The purpose of this article is to describe the next generation of fisheries professionals (the Millennials) and to provide suggestions for how higher education and the fisheries profession can best prepare to support the success of this generation and ultimately the future of fisheries conservation and management.
Contrasting Global Game Fish and Non-Game Fish Species
Authors: Donaldson Michael R , O'Connor Connie M , Thompson Lisa A , Gingerich Andrew J , Danylchuk Sascha E , Duplain René R , Cooke Steven J 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT:
We compared biological and ecological traits between global game fish and non-game fish species using an analysis with randomly chosen fish species from each group and an analysis where species were matched by body length. We used data from the International Game Fish Association (IGFA), FishBase, and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Game fish species were defined as being present in the IGFA world record list. The random comparison revealed that on average game fish were significantly larger (155.0 ± 121.5 versus 34.1± 59.5 cm), occupied shallower minimum depths (19.4 ± 58.8 versus 130.0± 359.0 m), had a broader latitudinal range (51°.2 ± 29.4° versus 31.1°± 25.9°), and significantly higher trophic levels (4.1 ±0.1 versus 3.4± 0.1 trophic units) than non-game fish species. The length-matched analysis simüarly identified that game fish species occupied higher trophic levels than non-game fish (3.9 ± 0.4 versus 3.6± 0.6 trophic units), but latitudinal range and depth associations did not differ between groups. Both the random and length-matched analyses revealed that game fish were more commonly found in freshwater than non-game fish. Both analyses found that game fish species were more migratory and that both groups differed in their geographical distributions. The random comparison revealed that game fish were significantly more targeted by commercial fisheries, less resilient, and more threatened relative to non-game fish. Caution must be exercised when synthesizing data from broad data sources, yet this study identifies important differences between game fish and non-game fish species, which are relevant to management and conservation initiatives.
Mortality and Carrier Status of Bluegills Exposed to Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus Genotype IVb at Different Temperatures
Authors: Goodwin Andrew E. , Merry Gwenn E. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The emergence of the viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) genotype IVb (VHSV-IVb) in the Great Lakes of North America has led to concern that the virus might spread to natural fisheries and aquaculture in the southern USA. We exposed bluegills Lepomis macrochirus to VHSV-IVb by intraperitoneal injection at six temperatures from 10°C to 30°C and followed the disease course by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qrt-RT-PCR). Mortality of injected fish was 90% at 10°C, 35% at 14°C, and 10% at 18°C; no mortality attributable to VHSV was observed at temperatures of 22–30°C. In survivors tested at 21 d postchallenge, viral copies and prevalence determined by qrt-RT-PCR were inversely related to temperature, and VHSV-IVb could not be detected in fish held at temperatures above 22°C. Similar results were obtained for bluegills that were exposed by cohabitation with the intraperitoneally injected fish. Acclimation of the fish to 12°C after 21 d at higher temperatures did not appear to cause a re-emergence of the virus. Based on our findings, the temperature range of VHSV-IVb appears to be the same as published values for VHSV genotype I, which has an optimum of 9–12°C and an upper limit of 18–20°C.
Received September 29, 2010; accepted February 10, 2011
The Effect of High Total Ammonia Concentration on the Survival of Channel Catfish Experimentally Infected with Flavobacterium columnare
Authors: Farmer Bradley D. , Mitchell Andrew J. , Straus David L. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Ammonia concentrations in water can affect the severity of Flavobacterium columnare infections in fish. Two trials lasting 7 d each were conducted to determine the effect of a single immersion flush treatment of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN; 15 mg/L) on the survival of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus infected with F. columnare; the chemical was added while the water flowed continuously through the tanks. Both trials consisted of four treatments: (1) no ammonia exposure and no bacterial challenge (control), (2) ammonia exposure only, (3) bacterial challenge only, and (4) both ammonia exposure and bacterial challenge. Two hours after exposure to ammonia, the highest un-ionized ammonia level was 0.43 mg/L. The percent un-ionized ammonia is based on TAN, temperature, and pH. Caudal fins from three fish in each treatment were sampled at 24 h posttreatment to be analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). No significant difference in survival (mean ± SE) was noted between the channel catfish in treatment 1 (95.2 ± 1.2%) and those in treatment 2 (95.6 ± 1.0%); however, survival in both treatments 1 and 2 differed significantly from that in treatments 3 (8.5 ± 4.5%) and 4 (41.8 ± 12.7%). Treatment 4 catfish had significantly higher survival than treatment 3 catfish. Quantitative PCR data showed that treatment 4 fish had significantly less F. columnare (7.6 × 105) than did treatment 3 fish (1.2 × 107), and treatment 2 fish (8.5 × 103) had significantly less bacteria than did treatment 1 fish (6.9 × 104), indicating that ammonia limited the F. columnare infection. The highest mean concentration of the bacteria (3.9 × 107) was found on moribund fish. The ammonia concentrations tested did not negatively influence fish survival but interfered with the infection process. An in vitro assay was also conducted to evaluate the direct effects of ammonia on F. columnare.
Received September 15, 2010; accepted May 7, 2011
Regulatory Factors and Structure of a Component Population of the Spionid Polydora bioccipitalis Infesting the Surf Clam Mesodesma donacium
Authors: Riascos José M. , Cuturrufo Miguel , Pacheco Aldo S. , Oliva Marcelo E. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Spionidae, particularly polydorids, are common polychaete parasites of edible mollusks around the world. However, our understanding of the regulatory factors and population structure of these parasites is scant. In this study involving Polydora bioccipitalis and the surf clam Mesodesma donacium we evaluated (1) the environmental correlates of the prevalence and mean intensity of the infestation, (2) the relationship between the number of egg capsules and juvenile and adult parasites and the time elapsed since infestation, and (3) the spatial patterns of juveniles and adults within the host. Environmental factors showed no significant correlations with prevalence and mean intensity, suggesting that these factors do not act directly as regulators. Rather, storm surges seemingly induced clam stranding, which in turn affected both the prevalence and intensity of the infestation. The numbers of juveniles and egg capsules in blisters were significantly related to the time since infestation, suggesting mechanisms of use and expansion of the space within the host. Juvenile worms showed an aggregated distribution that was probably related to the episodic nature of infestation events, whereas adults exhibited uniform distributions that probably reflect territorial behavior and reproductive strategies.
Received June 7, 2010; accepted April 7, 2011
B-SOLANA: an approach for the analysis of two-base encoding bisulfite sequencing data
Authors: Kreck Benjamin , Marnellos George , Richter Julia , Krueger Felix , Siebert Reiner , Franke Andre 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Summary: Bisulfite sequencing, a combination of bisulfite treatment and high-throughput sequencing, has proved to be a valuable method for measuring DNA methylation at single base resolution. Here, we present B-SOLANA, an approach for the analysis of two-base encoding (colorspace) bisulfite sequencing data on the SOLiD platform of Life Technologies. It includes the alignment of bisulfite sequences and the determination of methylation levels in CpG as well as non-CpG sequence contexts. B-SOLANA enables a fast and accurate analysis of large raw sequence datasets.
Availability and implementation: The source code, released under the GNU GPLv3 licence, is freely available at http://code.google.com/p/bsolana/.
Contact: b.kreck@ikmb.uni-kiel.de
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The COACH risk engine: a multistate model for predicting survival and hospitalization in patients with heart failure
Authors: Postmus Douwe , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , Jaarsma Tiny , Luttik Marie Louise , Lassus Johan , Mebazaa Alexandre , Nieminen Markku S. , Harjola Veli‐Pekka , Lewsey James , Buskens Erik , Hillege Hans L. 
Published: December 2011

AimsSeveral models for predicting the prognosis of heart failure (HF) patients have been developed, but all of them focus on a single outcome variable, such as all‐cause mortality. The purpose of this study was to develop a multistate model for simultaneously predicting survival and HF‐related hospitalization in patients discharged alive from hospital after recovery from acute HF.Methods and resultsThe model was derived in the COACH (Coordinating Study Evaluating Outcomes of Advising and Counseling in Heart Failure) cohort, a multicentre, randomized controlled trial in which 1023 patients were enrolled after hospitalization because of HF. External validation was attained with the FINN‐AKVA (Finish Acute Heart Failure Study) cohort, a prospective, multicentre study with 620 patients hospitalized due to acute HF. The observed vs. predicted 18‐month survival was 72.1% vs. 72.3% in the derivation cohort and 71.4% vs. 71.2% in the validation cohort. The corresponding values of the c statistic were 0.733 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.705–0.761] and 0.702 (95% CI 0.663–0.744), respectively. The model's accuracy in predicting HF hospitalization was excellent, with predicted values that closely resembled the values observed in the derivation cohort.ConclusionThe COACH risk engine accurately predicted survival and various measures of recurrent hospitalization in (acute) HF patients. It may therefore become a valuable tool in improving and personalizing patient care and optimizing the use of scarce healthcare resources.
Behind the scenes of non‐nodal MCL: downmodulation of genes involved in actin cytoskeleton organization, cell projection, cell adhesion, tumour invasion, TP53 pathway and mutated status of immunoglobulin heavy chain genes
Authors: Del Giudice Ilaria , Messina Monica , Chiaretti Sabina , Santangelo Simona , Tavolaro Simona , De Propris Maria Stefania , Nanni Mauro , Pescarmona Edoardo , Mancini Francesca , Pulsoni Alessandro , Martelli Maurizio , Di Rocco Alice , Finolezzi Erica , Paoloni Francesca , Mauro Francesca R. , Cuneo Antonio , Guarini Anna , Foà Robin 
Published: December 2011

SummaryMantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive neoplasm with a short survival. Cases with leukaemic MCL and splenomegaly without adenopathies (non‐nodal MCL) may have a more indolent course. To gain insights into the biological features underlying this presentation, we investigated the gene expression profile (GEP) and the IGHV mutational status in a cohort of leukaemic MCL cases. Comparison of MCL with other lymphoproliferative disorders (i.e. splenic marginal zone lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia) revealed a MCL signature enriched for the following gene categories: mitochondrion, oxidoreductase activity, response to stress, to DNA damage and TP53‐pathway. Furthermore, GEP analysis revealed that non‐nodal MCL cases were characterized by the down‐modulation of the following gene categories: cell projection, actin cytoskeleton organization, cell adhesion (ITGAE, CELSR1, PCDH9) and tumour invasion/progression (PGF, ST14, ETS1, OCIAD1, EZR). Many down‐modulated genes were related to the TP53‐pathway and to DNA damage response. IGHV status proved unmutated in all nodal and mutated in all non‐nodal MCL. Non‐nodal leukaemic MCLs display a peculiar clinical presentation, with distinctive biological features, such as mutated IGHV and a transcriptional profile lacking tumour invasion properties, that might contribute to the absence of nodal involvement and to the less aggressive clinical course.
Asymmetric and differential gene introgression at a contact zone between two highly divergent lineages of field voles (Microtus agrestis)
Authors: BEYSARD M. , PERRIN N. , JAAROLA M. , HECKEL G. , VOGEL P. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractSecondary contact zones have the potential to shed light on the mode and rate at which reproductive isolation accumulates during allopatric speciation. We investigated the population genetics of a contact zone between two highly divergent lineages of field voles (Microtus agrestis) in the Swiss Jura mountains. To shed light on the processes underlying introgression, we used maternally, paternally, and bi‐parentally inherited markers. Though the two lineages maintained a strong genetic structure, we found some hybrids and evidence of gene flow. The extent of introgression varied with the mode of inheritance, being highest for mtDNA and absent for the Y chromosome. In addition, introgression was asymmetric, occurring only from the Northern to the Southern lineage. Both patterns seem parsimoniously explained by neutral processes linked to differences in effective sizes and sex‐biased dispersal rates. The lineage with lower effective population size was also the more introgressed, and the mode‐of‐inheritance effect correlated with the male‐biased dispersal rate of microtine rodents. We cannot exclude, however, that Haldane’s effect contributed to the latter, as we found a marginally significant deficit in males (the heterogametic sex) among hybrids. We propose a possible demographic scenario to account for the patterns documented, and empirical extensions to further investigate this contact zone.
Fracture risk after thiazide‐associated hyponatraemia
Authors: Chow K. M. , Szeto C. C. , Kwan B. C.‐H. , Ma T. K.‐W. , Leung C. B. , Li P. K.‐T. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackground/Aim:  Although thiazide‐type diuretics can promote a positive calcium balance, thiazide can be associated with hyponatraemia, which is recently linked with heightened fracture risk. We examine the chance of developing fracture in patients with and without hyponatraemia after taking thiazide diuretics.Methods:  In this single‐centre retrospective study, we followed up a previously published cohort of patients with (n= 223) and without (n= 216) thiazide‐induced hyponatraemia.Results:  A total of 61 osteoporotic fractures was recorded during a mean follow‐up period of 82 months. Using univariate regression analysis, the hazard ratio of thiazide‐induced hyponatraemia was 1.78 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.05–3.03; P= 0.033). Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, however, showed that age, body mass index and diabetes mellitus were the only independent predictors of osteoporotic fractures. No association of a history of thiazide‐induced hyponatraemia and risk of fracture was evident in the final model.Conclusion:  Since a history of thiazide‐induced hyponatraemia is associated with osteoporotic fracture in univariate but not multivariate analyses, an alternative explanation is that confounding factors of older age and low body mass index accounted for the apparently increased risk of osteoporotic fracture in patients with thiazide‐induced hyponatraemia.
Arterial stiffness as a cause of cognitive decline and dementia: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Pase M. P. , Herbert A. , Grima N. A. , Pipingas A. , O'Rourke M. F. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackground:  Although arterial stiffness has recently been confirmed as a predictor of cardiovascular disease, the association between arterial stiffness and cognitive decline is less clear.Aim:  We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to examine the evidence for large artery stiffness as a cause of cognitive decline and dementia.Method:  Electronic databases were systematically searched until September 2011 for studies reporting on the longitudinal relationship between any validated measure of large artery stiffness and cognitive decline or dementia. Meta‐analysis was performed on four studies investigating the association between aortic pulse wave velocity and a decline in Mini‐Mental State Examination scores.Results:  Six relevant longitudinal studies were located, conducted over an average of 5 years follow up. Arterial stiffness was predictive of cognitive decline in five/six studies. In meta‐analysis, higher aortic stiffness predicted lower Mini‐Mental State Examination scores within the sample (β=−0.03, 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.06 to 0.01, n= 3947), although studies were not all homogeneous, and statistical heterogeneity was present (I2= 71.9%, P= 0.01). Removal of one study with a relatively younger cohort and lower median aortic stiffness found higher aortic stiffness to significantly predict cognitive decline (β=−0.04, 95% CI: −0.07 to −0.01, n= 3687) without evidence of heterogeneity (I2= 9.5%, P= 0.33). There was little research investigating the effects of aortic stiffness on the development of dementia.Conclusion:  Aortic stiffness was found to predict cognitive decline in both qualitative review and quantitative analysis.