bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of joint mechanics of both lower limbs of tha patients with healthy participants during stair ascent and descent
Authors: Lamontagne Mario , Beaulieu Mélanie L. , Beaulé Paul E. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTotal hip arthroplasty (THA) is a common surgical procedure for patients suffering from osteoarthritis to relieve their pain and to attempt to restore their normal locomotion patterns. Although this procedure does not restore normal mobility during activities of daily living, it remains unclear how it affects the joint mechanics of both lower limbs during stair negotiation tasks. Hence, we compared the 3D joint mechanics of both lower limbs of THA patients with matched healthy controls during stair ascent and stair descent. 3D kinematics and kinetics of both lower limbs were recorded for 20 patients having undergone unilateral THA and 20 healthy, age and body mass index matched control participants. The THA patients generated limited power at the operated hip joint, and thus compensated with larger power generation at the contralateral ankle to lift the body weight to the next step. This stair ambulation strategy, as well as others, adopted by the THA patients implied decreased activation of the lower limb musculature, which may be indicative of a muscle strength deficiency or a post‐operatively adopted protective mechanism to unload the prosthesis. These asymmetric power production patterns should be addressed in rehabilitation programs pre‐ and post‐operatively. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:305–311, 2011
Significance of lymphangiogenesis in primary tumor and draining lymph nodes during lymphatic metastasis of pancreatic head cancer
Authors: Kurahara Hiroshi , Takao Sonshin , Shinchi Hiroyuki , Maemura Kousei , Mataki Yuko , Sakoda Masahiko , Hayashi Tomomi , Kuwahata Taisaku , Minami Koji , Ueno Shinichi , Natsugoe Shoji 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the significance of lymphangiogenesis in primary pancreatic tumors and in draining lymph nodes during lymphatic metastasis of pancreatic head cancers.MethodsSpecimens were obtained from 70 patients. To evaluate lymphangiogenesis, we measured lymphatic vessel density (LVD) using D2‐40 antibody in the primary tumors and in the draining lymph nodes. AE1/AE3 antibody was used to detect tiny, histologically negative metastases in lymph nodes.ResultsPatients with high LVD of primary tumors had significantly higher incidence of node metastasis (P = 0.0006) and lower postoperative survival rate (P = 0.0066) than those with low LVD. Intranodal LVDs increased with increasing size of the intranodal metastases. The LVDs of non‐metastatic nodes in patients with node metastasis were also significantly higher than those of non‐metastatic nodes in patients without node metastasis (P < 0.0001). The LVDs of peripancreatic nodes in patients with paraaortic node metastases were significantly higher than those in patients without paraaortic metastasis (P < 0.0001).ConclusionsLymphangiogenesis in primary tumors and draining lymph nodes is essential for efficient spread of tumor cells through the lymphatic system. Thus, inhibition of lymphangiogenesis could limit lymphatic dissemination of tumor cells. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;102:809–815. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The “dimer nucleophile mechanism” for reactions with rate‐determining first step: Derivation of the whole kinetic law and further treatment of kinetic results
Authors: Alvaro Cecilia E. Silvana , Nudelman Norma Sbarbati 
Published: October 2010

AbstractOverwhelming evidence has been previously reported for the existence of the so‐called “dimer nucleophile mechanism” in aromatic nucleophilic substitutions by amines in aprotic solvents, for which the most prominent feature is the fourth‐order kinetics (third order in amine) that has been observed with many different substrate–nucleophile systems, especially those in which departure of the nucleofuge is the rate‐determining step. The mechanism has been confirmed by several other features, although other alternative mechanisms were suggested to explain the fourth‐order kinetics, no one has been able to explain the other above‐mentioned features. The present paper affords additional experimental evidence and derivation of the kinetic expressions for reactions with good nucleofugues, where the first step is rate determining. The work involves studies of the reactions of 2,4‐dinitrofluorobenzene and 2,4‐dinitrochlorobenzene with aniline and with alkyldiamines in toluene. The novelty of this work lies in the selection of substrate–nucleophile systems exhibiting kinetic behavior that allows estimations of the different k's involved. The satisfactory agreement between the quotients of k's calculated from sets of data obtained under different reaction conditions hereby reported indicates that the assumptions made are correct and that the whole treatment applied to the kinetic data is justified. All together, the results fit well with the reaction scheme involving the dimer nucleophile mechanism, adding new evidence to this mechanism that it is well established in the current literature. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 42: 735–742, 2010
Cytochrome P450 17 (CYP17) is involved in endometrial cancinogenesis through apoptosis and invasion pathways
Authors: Chen Yi , Saini Sharanjot , Zaman Mohd Saif , Hirata Hiroshi , Shahryari Varahram , Deng Guoren , Dahiya Rajvir 
Published: September 2010

AbstractCytochrome P450 17 (CYP17) encodes cytochrome P450c17α, an enzyme with 17α‐hydroxylase and 17, 20‐lyase activities involved in estradiol biosynthesis. Here we examine the role of CYP17 gene in endometrial carcinogenesis. Immunohistochemistry staining of endometrial carcinoma and corresponding uninvolved tissues showed that CYP17 is upregulated in endometrial cancers (15 of 24, 62.5%). To understand the functional significance of this upregulation, we silenced CYP17 gene by introduction of siRNA into endometrial cancer cell line KLE followed by functional studies. Further, to understand the molecular basis of the role of CYP17, we profiled the expression of key pathway‐specific genes and identified several components of the apoptosis and invasion pathways that are potentially regulated by CYP17. Silencing of CYP17 caused decreased cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. Significantly, CYP17 depletion leads to downregulation of anti‐apoptotic genes B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‐2) and telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), indicating induced apoptosis. Also, attenuation of CYP17 decreased the cellular invasion ability and regulated expression of several invasion pathway components such as melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM), matrix metallopeptidase 2 and 9 (MMP‐2 and MMP‐9), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP3). In conclusion, this is the first report documenting that upregulation of CYP17 in endometrial cancers play a crucial role in endometrial carcinogenesis by targeting multiple components of apoptosis and invasion pathways. Further studies are required to understand the detailed mechanisms underlying CYP17‐mediated regulation of these components. Mol. Carcinog. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intracellular cathepsin B activity is inversely correlated with the quality and developmental competence of bovine preimplantation embryos
Authors: Balboula A.Z. , Yamanaka K. , Sakatani M. , Hegab A.O. , Zaabel S.M. , Takahashi M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractRecently, the activity of cathepsins B was found to be correlated inversely with the developmental competence of bovine oocytes. In this study, we investigated (1) the role of intracellular cathepsin B expression and developmental competence as well as the quality of bovine preimplantation embryos, and (2) the effect of cathepsin B inhibitor (E‐64) during in vitro culture (IVC) on the development and quality of bovine embryos. After in vitro fertilization (IVF) followed by IVC for 7 days, good and poor quality embryos classified by morphology and developmental rate on days 2, 4, and 7 were assessed for cathepsin B expression and activity. To investigate the effect of cathepsin B inhibition on embryonic development, putative zygotes were cultured with or without E‐64, followed by evaluation of cleavage and blastocyst rates on days 2 and 7, respectively. Embryonic quality was evaluated by both TUNEL staining and total cell number in day‐7 blastocysts. In each developmental stage, cathepsin B expression and activity were significantly higher in poor quality embryos than good quality ones. Moreover, addition of E‐64 during IVC significantly increased both the blastocyst rate and the total cell number. TUNEL staining revealed that inhibition of cathepsin B significantly decreased the number of apoptotic nuclei in day‐7 blastocysts. These results indicate that cathepsin B activity can be useful as a marker for inferior quality embryos. Moreover, inhibition of cathepsin B greatly improves the developmental competence of preimplantation embryos and increases the number of good quality embryos. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 77:1031–1039, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Magnetic field threshold for accurate electrocardiography in the MRI environment
Authors: Jekic Mihaela , Ding Yu , Dzwonczyk Roger , Burns Patrick , Raman Subha V. , Simonetti Orlando P. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAlthough the electrocardiogram is known to be nondiagnostic within the bore of any high‐field magnet due to the magnetohydrodynamic effect, there are an increasing number of applications that require accurate electrocardiogram monitoring of a patient inside the MRI room but outside of the magnet bore. Magnetohydrodynamic effects on the ST segment of the electrocardiogram waveform were investigated in six subjects at magnetic field strengths ranging from 6.4 mT to 652 mT at the aortic midarch, and the electrocardiogram was found to be accurate at magnetic fields below 70 mT. This corresponds to a distance of 160 cm from the isocenter and 80 cm from the bore entrance for the 1.5‐T MRI system used in this study. These results can be translated to any MRI system, with knowledge of the fringe field. Accurate electrocardiogram monitoring is feasible in close proximity to the MRI magnet, such as during and after pharmacologic or exercise stress, or interventional or surgical procedures performed in the MRI room. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stability analysis of an embankment resting upon a column‐reinforced soil
Authors: Jellali B. , Bouassida M. , de Buhan P. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe design against failure of an embankment resting upon a soft soil improved by a group of columns is investigated with the help of the yield design homogenization approach. Assuming that both constituents of the reinforced ground are purely cohesive materials (‘lime column’ technique), an upper bound estimate for the macroscopic strength condition of the reinforced soil as a homogenized medium is first obtained, providing definite evidence of a shear strength anisotropy associated with the reinforcement preferential orientation. The kinematic method of yield design is then performed on the basis of such a criterion, making use of rotational failure mechanisms involving slip circles in the reinforced ground. Upper bound estimates are finally obtained for the embankment stability factor, as functions of the degree of reinforcement and relative thickness of the soil layer. These results are compared with those derived from a simplified analysis, where the reinforced soil is assumed to exhibit an averaged isotropic cohesion. This comparison clearly indicates that the latter simplified analysis may produce quite unsafe estimates for the embankment stability, which can be attributed to the fact that it fails to capture the inherent strength anisotropy of the reinforced soil. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Generalized plasticity state parameter‐based model for saturated and unsaturated soils. Part 1: Saturated state
Authors: Manzanal Diego , Fernández Merodo José Antonio , Pastor Manuel 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe behavior of granular materials is known to depend on its loose or dense nature, which in turns depends both on density and confining pressure. Many models developed in the past require the use of different sets of constitutive parameters for the same material under different confining pressures. The purpose of this paper is to extend a basic generalized plasticity model for sands proposed by Pastor, Zienkiewicz and Chan by modifying the main ingredients of the model flow—rule, loading–unloading discriminating direction and plastic modulus—to include a dependency on the state parameter. The proposed model is tested against the available experimental data on three different sands, using for each of them a single set of material parameters, finding a reasonably good agreement between experiments and predictions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical zoom for advection diffusion problems with localized multiscales
Authors: Lozinski Alexei , Pironneau Olivier 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe investigate the Schwarz'domain decomposition algorithm for numerical zooms. Error estimates are given for nonmatching meshes for elliptic and parabolic partial differential equations. The method is applied to the security assessment of the burial of nuclear waste which is a typical multiscale problem for porous media flow. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2010
Deciphering the role of the thermodynamic and kinetic stabilities of SH3 domains on their aggregation inside bacteria
Authors: Castillo Virginia , Espargaró Alba , Gordo Veronica , Vendrell Josep , Ventura Salvador 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe formation of insoluble deposits by globular proteins underlies the onset of many human diseases. Recent studies suggest a relationship between the thermodynamic stability of proteins and their in vivo aggregation. However, it has been argued that, in the cell, the occurrence of irreversible aggregation might shift the system from equilibrium, in such a way that it could be the rate of unfolding and associated kinetic stability instead of the conformational stability that controls protein deposition. This is an important but difficult to decipher question, because kinetic and thermodynamic stabilities appear usually correlated. Here we address this issue by comparing the in vitro folding kinetics and stability features of a set of non‐natural SH3 domains with their aggregation properties when expressed in bacteria. In addition, we compare the in vitro stability of the isolated domains with their effective stability in conditions that mimic the cytosolic environment. Overall, the data argue in favor of a thermodynamic rather than a kinetic control of the intracellular aggregation propensities of small globular proteins in which folding and unfolding velocities largely exceed aggregation rates. These results have implications regarding the evolution of proteins.
Microwave‐assisted synthesis of star‐shaped poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐block‐poly(L‐lactide) copolymers and the crystalline morphologies
Authors: Zhang Zhonghai , Ren Jie , Feng Yue , Li Jianbo , Yuan Weizhong 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA monomode microwave reactor was used for the synthesis of designed star‐shaped polymers, which were based on dipentaerythritol with six crystallizable arms of poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐b‐poly(L‐lactide) (PCL‐b‐PLLA) copolymer via a two‐step ring‐opening polymerization (ROP). The effects of irradiation conditions on the molecular weight were studied. Microwave heating accelerated the ROP of CL and LLA, compared with the conventional heating method. The resultant hexa‐armed polymers were fully characterized by means of FTIR, 1H NMR spectrum, and GPC. The investigation of thermal properties and crystalline behaviors indicated that the crystalline behaviors of polymers were largely depended on the macromolecular architecture and the length of the block chains. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010
Accelerating effects of N‐aryl‐N′,N′‐dialkyl ureas on epoxy‐dicyandiamide curing system
Authors: Liu Xiang Dong , Kimura Mika , Sudo Atsushi , Endo Takeshi 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis report focuses on epoxy‐dicyandiamide (DICY) curing system accelerated by N‐aryl‐N′,N′‐dialkyl urea, aiming at clarifying the accelerating mechanism and the relationship between accelerating effect and molecular structure of the accelerators. Nine N‐aryl‐N′,N′‐dialkyl ureas were synthesized and investigated with measurements of differential scanning calorimetry, thermo gravimetric/differential thermal analysis and NMR spectroscopy. The results revealed that the ureas released the corresponding secondary amines by the thermal dissociation in the presence of epoxide, which led to the formation of tertiary amines that catalyze the addition reaction of DICY to epoxide. Moreover, a tendency that the ureas able to release more compact amines exhibited higher acceleration effects was discovered. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010
1D goes 2D: A Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless transition in superconducting arrays of 4‐Angstrom carbon nanotubes
Authors: Wang Zhe , Shi Wu , Xie Hang , Zhang Ting , Wang Ning , Tang Zikang , Zhang Xixiang , Lortz Rolf , Sheng Ping 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe report superconducting resistive transition characteristics for array(s) of coupled 4‐Angstrom single wall carbon nanotubes embedded in aluminophosphate‐five zeolite. The transition was observed to initiate at 15 K with a slow resistance decrease switching to a sharp, order of magnitude drop between 7.5 and 6.0 K with strong (anisotropic) magnetic field dependence. Both the sharp resistance drop and its attendant nonlinear IV characteristics are consistent with the manifestations of a Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless transition that establishes quasi long range order in the plane transverse to the c‐axis of the nanotubes, leading to an inhomogeneous system comprising 3D superconducting regions connected by weak links. Global coherence is established at below 5 K with the appearance of a well‐defined supercurrent gap/low resistance region at 2 K.
Insight to the valence band electronic structure of metallicity selected single wall carbon nanotubes from a photoemission viewpoint
Authors: Ayala P. , De Blauwe K. , Miyata Y. , Shiozawa H. , Hoffmann P. , Kataura H. , Pichler T. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe progress on separation of single‐walled carbon nanotubes according to their metallic character has allowed to access the unique electronic and optical properties long ago predicted. Whether the inevitable interactions of nanotubes in a bundle or single doping defects are in scope, the energies of charge carriers and lattice vibrations are modified. Based on this, we have made use of photoemission spectroscopy effectively to identify modifications of the underlying basic correlation effects in the electronic structure. Subsequently, we have deepened into the study of the valence band of metallicity sorted samples and we have recorded, depending on the actual type of interaction within a film of bundles of purely metallic single wall carbon nanotube bundles, a compelling evidence for both a 1D Tomonaga–Luttinger power law scaling and a 3D Fermi liquid.
Classroom communities' adaptations of the practice of scientific argumentation
Authors: Berland Leema K. , Reiser Brian J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractScientific argumentation is increasingly seen as a key inquiry practice for students in science classrooms. This is a complex practice that entails three overlapping, instructional goals: Participants articulate their understandings and work to persuade others of those understandings in order to make sense of the phenomenon under study (L. K. Berland & B. J. Reiser, 2009). This study examines the argumentative discussions that emerged in two middle school science classrooms to explore variation in how the goals of sensemaking and persuasion were taken up. Our analyses reveals that each classroom engaged with these two goals but that they did so quite differently. These differences suggest that the students in each class had overlapping but different interpretations of argumentation. In addition, comparing across the class' arguments suggests these two goals of scientific argumentation may be in tension with one another. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 95: 191–216, 2011
Ab‐initio Predictions of Interfacial Heat Flows during the High Speed Casting of Liquid Metals in Near Net Shape Casting Operations
Authors: Guthrie R.I.L. , Isac M. , Li D. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWhen metals are cast into solid shapes, the quality of the solid casting depends on many things, but heat flow management is a critical factor. It is relatively easy to predict heat flows through the liquid metal, and the solid mould, but heat flows through the interconnecting interface have been much more difficult to quantify. In the present work, following a review of our progress up to date on near net shape casting, the approach is to model this interfacial resistance from first principles. By conducting experiments in which liquid aluminum is cast at high speed (∼0.5 m/s), onto a copper substrate, fitted with extremely sensitive embedded thermocouples, heat fluxes from the first moments of metal contact, to final freezing of the strip, have been measured. Similarly, by using a 3D profilometer that is able to rapidly characterize and quantify the surface topography of a substrate, to ±1 µm, one can have the necessary data to mathematically model the transfer of heat from the overlaying metal, through the interfacial layer, into the copper substrate. The thermal model briefly described, makes the assumption of point contact between pyramidal peaks of the metal substrate and molten metal, with gas pockets trapped in the “valleys” of the substrate, through which heat must be transferred by conduction. Ab‐initio instantaneous heat fluxes predicted in this way proved to be in good agreement with those measured, provided adjustments were made for expansion of the “air gap”.
The Influence of Mould Powder Properties on Shell Formation in Continuous Casting of Steels
Authors: Däcker C.‐Å. , Sohlgren T. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractFor peritectic steel grades the shell formation is uneven resulting in quality problems such as surface cracks. Production of these steels calls for good control and knowledge of the critical factors for shell formation. By optimisation of process parameters, it is possible to enable production of crack sensitive slabs for heavy plate. This also gives a unique possibility to study the interaction between process parameters and shell formation. The paper presents the results from two large investigations with this ambition covering the total of 27 + 30 heats of 220 tons of steel at SSAB EMEA‐Oxelösund and concludes how surface cracks can be significantly decreased.