bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pluperfect periphrases in Medieval Greek: a perspective on the collaboration between linguistics and philology
Authors: Giannaris Thanasis 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis article focuses on the history of the Medieval Greek ‘BE + aorist participle’ periphrastic construction with the aim of contributing to the understanding of its development and arguing in favour of a particular methodological perspective for historical linguistics. Specifically, by exploring the diachrony of this verbal construction, which has been neglected in historical accounts of Greek, I propose that an adequate explanation for all its properties will require us to supplement our theoretically informed linguistic approach with parameters pertaining to the textual nature of the historical data. My conclusion will emphasize the necessity of a close collaboration between linguistics and philology.
The emergence and the reanalysis of the existential proform: evidence from early Italo‐Romance
Authors: Ciconte Francesco Maria 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn this article I claim that the emergence of the existential proform in early Italo‐Romance is motivated by the overt marking of definiteness. The available data from a relatively large corpus of early Italo‐Romance texts dating from the thirteenth to the sixteenth century suggest that the overt marking of definiteness, which differentiates Romance from its ancestor Latin, favours the establishment of an existential pattern where the encoding of non‐canonical pivots (definite ones) is licensed by a locative anchor. From having the status of locative licenser of definiteness, the proform is thereafter reanalysed as an obligatory marker of the existential construction, and is progressively extended to all types of existential construction.
Towards a ‘Consensual’ Urban Politics? Creative Planning, Urban Sustainability and Regional Development
Authors: KRUEGER ROB , BUCKINGHAM SUSAN 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis article critically examines three interrelated contemporary themes in urban regeneration and regional development: economic development, urban sustainability and creative city planning. While these themes have distinct conceptual origins, they complement each other in practice. The question we ask in this article is: how do the embedded and contingent politics found in these approaches shape opportunities for sustainable urban regeneration? We begin the article by defining our core concepts: urban sustainability and creative planning. We then explore their convergence with economic development, both in theory and practice, and raise critical questions about the universal applicability of these formulas. We conclude with a conceptual discussion of the problems these discourses represent. In particular, we reveal how these discourses create consensus among diverse (often competing) groups of actors, and the problems associated with this form of ‘consensual urban politics’.RésuméCet article étudie sous un angle critique trois thèmes contemporains liés dans le cadre de la régénération urbaine et du développement régional: l'essor économique, la ville durable et l'urbanisme créatif. Bien qu'ayant des origines conceptuelles différentes, ils se complètent mutuellement sur le terrain. Il s'agit ici de savoir comment les politiques imbriquées et contingentes qui relèvent de ces approches configurent les opportunités de régénération urbaine durable. L'étude définit d'abord ses concepts fondamentaux: la durabilité urbaine et l'urbanisme créatif. Elle s'intéresse ensuite à leur convergence avec le développement économique, sur un plan à la fois théorique et pratique, afin d'amener un questionnement critique sur l'applicabilité universelle de ces formules. La conclusion présente une analyse conceptuelle des problèmes soulevés par ces discours. Elle éclaire notamment la manière dont ces derniers créent un consensus entre divers groupes d'acteurs (souvent concurrents), ainsi que les difficultés qu'entraîne cette forme de ‘politique urbaine consensuelle’.
The International Migration System Between Turkey and Russia: Project‐Tied Migrant Workers in Moscow
Authors: İçduygu Ahmet , Karaçay Ayşem Biriz 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe last 50 years of emigration history in Turkey indicate that the migratory flows of Turkish citizens have consecutively become a part of various migratory systems. In this essay, our main aims are twofold. First, we attempt to document the dynamics and mechanism of project‐tied migration from Turkey to the Russian Federation, focusing in particular on the case of project‐tied workers migrating from Turkey to Moscow. Second, this effort intends to elaborate on the research on migratory systems between Turkey and the former communist countries of Eastern Europe and Central and Northern Asian countries, mainly referring to macro‐, micro‐ and meso‐level factors affecting the relevant migration systems. In this paper, in which we tackle the various migration systems with which Turkey is involved, we conclude by arguing that parallel to the new migration patterns that have been experienced throughout the post‐Soviet geographies, the internalization process of Turkish constructors within the changing dynamics of Turkish foreign policy has widened the direction of the migration flows from Turkey by introducing new migrant worker profiles to different regions. In this sense, short‐term labour migrants, shuttle traders and in particular project‐tied migrant workers show not only the important role that migrants may play in the shift towards a market‐based economy in the Russian Federation, but also how they have become crucial actors of the migration system between Turkey and Russia.
Roma and the Politics of EU Citizenship in France: Everyday Security and Resistance*
Authors: PARKER OWEN 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis article reflects on the politics of European Union citizenship – and the ethical possibilities and limitations of a cosmopolitan or ‘normative power’ EU – via an analysis of the situation of the Roma in France, which was widely mediatized in summer 2010. It argues in a first step that during this period the French government ‘securitized’ the Roma, ‘extra‐ordinarily’ casting them as collective threat and thereby justifying their deportation. The European Commission's outspoken response demanded that the French authorities refrain from discriminating against EU citizens on grounds of ethnicity; in so doing, the EU seemed to act as protector of minorities in accordance with its raison d'être as liberal peace project. However, in a second step, the article draws attention to the deportations perpetrated before these high‐profile events, highlighting that conditionality within the law pertaining to EU citizenship allowed for the securitization of Roma. Thus, in a third step, it is argued that the invocation of citizenship may be a useful but limited strategy of political resistance by and with excluded groups such as Europe's Roma. Rather, it is the inherently ambiguous nature of a multi‐level EU liberal or cosmopolitan government – and concomitant EU citizenship – which opens an important space for resistance.
Vocal anatomy, tongue protrusion behaviour and the acoustics of rutting roars in free‐ranging Iberian red deer stags (Cervus elaphus hispanicus)
Authors: Frey Roland , Volodin Ilya , Volodina Elena , Carranza Juan , Torres‐Porras Jerónimo 
Published: January 2012

AbstractRoaring in rutting Iberian red deer stags Cervus elaphus hispanicus is unusual compared to other subspecies of red deer, which radiated from the Iberian refugium after the last glacial maximum. In all red deer stags, the larynx occupies a permanent low mid‐neck resting position and is momentarily retracted almost down to the rostral end of the sternum during the production of rutting calls. Simultaneous with the retraction of the larynx, male Iberian red deer pronouncedly protrude the tongue during most of their rutting roars. This poses a mechanical challenge for the vocal tract (vt) and for the hyoid apparatus, as tongue and larynx are strongly pulled in opposite directions. This study (i) examines the vocal anatomy and the acoustics of the rutting roars in free‐ranging male C. e. hispanicus; (ii) establishes a potential mechanism of simultaneous tongue protrusion and larynx retraction by applying a two‐dimensional model based on graphic reconstructions in single video frames of unrestrained animals; and (iii) advances a hypothesis of evaporative cooling by tongue protrusion in the males of a subspecies of red deer constrained to perform all of the exhausting rutting activities, including acoustic display, in a hot and arid season.
Width and elevation of the palatal shelves in unoperated unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate patients in the permanent dentition
Authors: Latief Benny S. , Lekkas Kostas C. , Schols Jan G. J. H. , Fudalej Piotr S. , Kuijpers Mette A. R. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractPatients with cleft left lip and palate (CLP) normally require extensive surgery from an early age up to the end of adolescence. These surgeries affect the growth of the maxillofacial complex. The degree to which the cleft itself affects growth of the maxillofacial complex remains poorly understood. By analysing the width and elevation of the palatal shelves in unoperated adolescents and adults with unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP and BCLP, respectively) and a non‐cleft control group, it is possible to gain more insight into the real intrinsic growth potential of the maxillary structures. In this study, dental casts of the full permanent dentition of individuals with unrepaired UCLP (n = 68) and BCLP (n = 13) and non‐cleft controls (n = 24) from the same area of Indonesia were digitized three‐dimensionally. Maxillary arch width in the canine, premolar and molar regions, and the width and elevation of the palatal shelves were measured. Results showed that in patients with UCLP, the width of the palatal shelves on the cleft side in all regions, and on the non‐cleft side in the canine/first premolar region, was significantly smaller compared with the control group. BCLP subjects showed similar deviations. In the UCLP group, the palatal shelves were rotated cranially and positioned more vertically. In the BCLP group, the palatal shelves were inclined by almost 10 ° more than the control group. The width of the palatal shelf and width of the maxillary arch positively correlated in the canine and first premolar regions for both the cleft and non‐cleft side in patients with UCLP, and in the canine region for patients with BCLP. This means that the wider the palatal shelf, the wider the maxillary arch. The elevation of palatal shelves correlated with the maxillary arch width in all regions in patients with UCLP, and only in the premolar region in the control group. Thus, the wider the arch width, the smaller the elevation angle (the maxillary shelves are less vertical). No correlations between palatal shelf elevation and maxillary arch width were found in the BCLP group. This shows that the intrinsic growth potential in patients with UCLP and BCLP is affected by a smaller palatal shelf width and larger elevation of the shelves. These deviations may result in a wider cleft.
The effect of blood storage duration on in‐hospital mortality: a randomized controlled pilot feasibility trial
Authors: Heddle Nancy M. , Cook Richard J. , Arnold Donald M. , Crowther Mark A. , Warkentin Theodore E. , Webert Kathryn E. , Hirsh Jack , Barty Rebecca L. , Liu Yang , Lester Connie , Eikelboom John W. 
Published: January 2012

BACKGROUND: Whether the duration of storage of blood has an impact on patient outcomes remains controversial. The objective was to determine feasibility of a comparative effectiveness trial to evaluate duration of storage of blood before transfusion on in‐hospital mortality.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A single‐center randomized controlled trial was performed at an acute care hospital in Canada between June and December 2010, involving consecutive hospitalized patients needing blood transfusion. Patients (n = 910) were randomly assigned in a 1:2 ratio to receive freshest available versus standard‐issue (oldest available) blood. Four feasibility criteria were measured: proportion of eligible patients randomized, contrast in age of blood between treatment groups, real‐time data acquisition, and trial impact on blood outdating. In‐hospital mortality was also reported.RESULTS: A total of 1075 of 1129 patients (95.2%) were eligible and 910 of 1075 (84.7%) were randomized: 309 received freshest available blood (1157 units), and 601 received standard‐age blood (2369 units). Contrast in mean age of the oldest blood transfused between groups was 14.6 days: 12.0 (standard deviation [SD], 6.8) days in the fresh arm and 26.6 (SD, 7.8) days in the standard arm. Weekly recruitment and event reporting were achieved for all patients. The blood outdate rate was 0.10%. In‐hospital mortality was 10.5%: 35 deaths (11.3%) in the fresh arm and 61 deaths (10.1%) in the standard arm (odds ratio, 1.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73, 1.76).CONCLUSION: It is feasible to conduct a large comparative effectiveness trial comparing the effect of freshest available versus standard‐issue blood on in‐hospital mortality. The wide CI around the estimate for in‐hospital mortality supports the need for a large trial.
Pentoxifylline inhibits hepatic stellate cells proliferation via the Raf/ERK pathway
Authors: Zhang Di , Jiang Huiqing , Wang Yan , Ma Junji 
Published: January 2012

Pentoxifylline (PTX), which is a xanthine derivative, is a well‐known suppressor of tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐alpha) production in inflammatory cells and has also been shown to inhibit collagen synthesis in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in vitro. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of PTX on proliferation in HSCs as mediated by the Raf/MEK/extracellular‐signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway. The rat hepatic stellate cell line T6 and activated primary rat HSCs were used in this study. The proliferation rate of the cells treated with 1 mM PTX significantly decreased compared with that of the control in T6 cells (78.3 ± 6.03% at 12 h, 61.0 ± 7.55% at 24 h, and 44.7 ± 2.08% at 48 h, p < 0.05). PTX (1 mM) also decreased the fraction of the HSC population in the S and G2/M‐phases of the cell cycle in primary activated rat HSCs. The Raf‐1 inhibitor GW5074 and the ERK inhibitor U0126 had inhibitory effects that were similar to those of PTX on HSC proliferation. In addition, PTX inhibited the phosphorylation of Raf‐1 (p‐Raf‐1) and ERK (p‐ERK) in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner in HSCs. These data provide evidence that PTX suppresses HSC proliferation via the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway.
Using a two‐phase sowing approach in restoration: sowing foundation species to restore, and subordinate species to evaluate restoration success
Authors: Coiffait‐Gombault Clémentine , Buisson Elise , Dutoit Thierry 
Published: January 2012

AbstractQuestionsIs it possible to restore a target herbaceous plant community on ex‐arable land by sowing foundation species? What is the impact of sheep grazing on the restoration of this ecosystem? How can we rapidly evaluate the success of restoration methods?LocationNature reserve of the plain of La Crau, southeast France (43° 31′ N, 4° 50′ E)MethodsIn an ex‐arable field, we sowed an indigenous species mix in 2007. This was composed of two perennial species dominant in the reference grassland ecosystem (Brachypodium retusum, Thymus vulgaris) and one annual species (Trifolium subterraneum) also found on the reference grassland and which is well‐known for its ability to quickly cover bare soil. These three species are called foundation species as they play an essential role in structuring the restored ecosystem community. To investigate the significances of the foundation species on community dynamics, four subordinate species were sown 1 yr later: Taeniatherum caput‐medusae, Linum strictum, Evax pygmaea and Asphodelus ayardii. The subordinate species are typical plants of the reference grassland which describe well this vegetation type.ResultsSowing foundation species was an effective means of reintroducing them. Their presence in the ex‐arable field very rapidly promoted establishment of grassland species and impeded establishment of weeds. When grazing was excluded, the foundation species covered the ground, particularly with Trifolium subterraneum, which reached 54% ground cover. Subordinate species established better on the foundation species sown treatment and on the grazed treatment.ConclusionIn the short term, sowing indigenous foundation species and maintaining grazing seems to be a good method to restore grassland plant communities that have a poor ability to re‐establish spontaneously. This study also demonstrates that sowing and monitoring of subordinate species is an effective method to rapidly test whether a particular restoration protocol will have a positive effect on community assembly and development.
Disaster triage tags: Is one better than another?
Authors: Varshney Kavita , Mallows James , Hamd Mohind 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjective: To determine which of the disaster triage tag systems in use in Australia and New Zealand is better in terms of the time taken to complete the triage and the ease of use.Methods: A disaster scenario was created. Mock patients were provided with clinical information to allow them to be triaged in a disaster sieve. Six different triage tag systems available in Australia and New Zealand were trialled. Participants triaged 10 patients with each triage tag system. The 10 patients used were different for each of the tag systems and were standardized for acuity and triage category. The time to complete the triage of the 10 patients with each different tag system was measured. The participants then completed a questionnaire with regards to the ease of use of the different tags and were asked to nominate their most preferred tag.Results: The Victorian cruciate fold up tag was the quickest to complete, with an average of 6.6 min to triage 10 patients, compared with an average time for all systems of 7.8 min. New Zealand tags were found to be the easiest to use, easiest to fill in and were considered the most preferred tag.Conclusion: The Victorian style of tag was found to be the most efficient in terms of the time to complete a triage. The New Zealand tags were the easiest to use, easiest to fill in and the most preferred tag by the participants. We recommend that one of these tags be adapted for use as a nationwide system.
Transection of the lateral and long digital extensor tendons in racehorses
Authors: Elliott CRB , Vasey JR , Russell TM 
Published: January 2012

Objective To report on the outcome of wounds to the hindlimb of racehorses, and horses with the intended use of racing, where both the long digital extensor (LoDE) and lateral digital extensor (LaDE) tendons had been completely transected.Design Retrospective case series.Methods Records of all horses admitted with hindlimb lacerations between 2002 and 2009 were examined for cases where both the LoDE and LaDE tendons in the hindlimb had been severed, and specifically in horses intended to be used for racing. Outcome was assessed via retrieval of race records and via telephone questioning of the owners.Results In total, 589 records were retrieved and 34 horses met the inclusion criteria: 26 horses (76%) had proximal wounds that severed both the LoDE and LaDE tendons and 8 (24%) had more distal wounds, where the tendons were severed below the point at which they join; 14 horses (41%) were euthanased prior to discharge. Of the 20 horses discharged, 6 (30%) raced and 12 (60%) did not; 2 (10%) of the treated horses, both Thoroughbred colts, were in race training and showing no signs of lameness at the time of the study. Of the 34 horses presented for treatment, 18% went on to race.Conclusions The prognosis for racing after transection of both hindlimb extensor tendons is poor. Clinicians may wish to consider these findings when formulating advice for clients regarding this injury in racehorses.
Leucopenia associated with abalone viral ganglioneuritis
Authors: Hooper C , Slocombe R , Day R , Crawford S 
Published: January 2012

Objective  To compare microscopic lesion severity with circulating total haemocyte counts (THC) in abalone affected by abalone viral ganglioneuritis (AVG).Results  A herpes‐like virus led to severe mortality in a number of Australian abalone farms in 2006. The infection was associated with severe necrotising ganglioneuritis. The microscopic lesions were well demarcated, affecting the neural tissue almost exclusively and were characterised by necrosis and increased cellularity in affected ganglia and nerves. On two farms, the presence or absence of typical AVG pathology was compared with THC. Those abalone with microscopic lesions of AVG had significantly lower haemocyte counts. The mean THC in abalone with no evidence of AVG from both farms was 4.6 × 106/mL (±0.3 SE). The THC in AVG‐affected abalone in farm 1 was 2.8 × 106/mL (±0.5 SE) and farm 2 was 0.98 × 106/mL (±0.4 SE).Conclusions  Severe AVG is associated with leucopenia in affected abalone.
Validating the return period of rainfall thresholds used for Extreme Rainfall Alerts by linking rainfall intensities with observed surface water flood events
Authors: Hurford A.P. , Parker D.J. , Priest S.J. , Lumbroso D.M. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn 2008, the Environment Agency and the Meteorological Office launched a pilot Extreme Rainfall Alert (ERA) service as a first step towards providing a warning for surface water flooding. An ERA is based on rainfall intensity thresholds of an average of 1‐in‐30 year storms, to represent rainfall thought likely to cause severe surface water flooding in urban areas. This research investigates whether this return period is appropriate for warning of surface water flooding by examining the intensity and return period of rainfall associated with observed surface water flood (SWF) events. Data from rainfall gauges and flood events were analysed which showed that most of the SWF events were associated with rainfall intensities of less than 1‐in‐10 year return period. Improvements in data recording could provide flood magnitudes and durations, which would facilitate better understanding of the relationship between flood magnitude and rainfall intensity and allow more informed debate about SWF warning thresholds.