bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sturm’s Comparison Theorem for Classical Discrete Orthogonal Polynomials
Authors: Suzuki A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn an earlier work (Castillo et al. in J Math Phys 61:103505, 2020), it was established, from a hypergeometric-type difference equation, tractable sufficient conditions for the monotonicity with respect to a real parameter of zeros of classical discrete orthogonal polynomials on linear, quadratic, q-linear, and q-quadratic grids. In this work, we continue with the study of zeros of these polynomials by giving a comparison theorem of Sturm type. As an application, we analyze in a simple way some relations between the zeros of certain classical discrete orthogonal polynomials.
Solutions with moving singularities for a one-dimensional nonlinear diffusion equation
Authors: Fila Marek , Takahashi Jin , Yanagida Eiji 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to study singular solutions for a one-dimensional nonlinear diffusion equation. Due to slow diffusion near singular points, there exists a solution with a singularity at a prescribed position depending on time. To study properties of such singular solutions, we define a minimal singular solution as a limit of a sequence of approximate solutions with large Dirichlet data. Applying the comparison principle and the intersection number argument, we discuss the existence and uniqueness of a singular solution for an initial-value problem, the profile near singular points and large-time behavior of solutions. We also give some results concerning the appearance of a burning core, convergence to traveling waves and the existence of an entire solution.
Canonical Supermultiplets and Their Koszul Duals
Authors: Cederwall Martin , Jonsson Simon , Palmkvist Jakob , Saberi Ingmar 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe pure spinor superfield formalism reveals that, in any dimension and with any amount of supersymmetry, one particular supermultiplet is distinguished from all others. This “canonical supermultiplet” is equipped with an additional structure that is not apparent in any component-field formalism: a (homotopy) commutative algebra structure on the space of fields. The structure is physically relevant in several ways; it is responsible for the interactions in ten-dimensional super Yang–Mills theory, as well as crucial to any first-quantised interpretation. We study the
$$L_\infty $$

L
∞

algebra structure that is Koszul dual to this commutative algebra, both in general and in numerous examples, and prove that it is equivalent to the subalgebra of the Koszul dual to functions on the space of generalised pure spinors in internal degree greater than or equal to three. In many examples, the latter is the positive part of a Borcherds–Kac–Moody superalgebra. Using this result, we can interpret the canonical multiplet as the homotopy fiber of the map from generalised pure spinor space to its derived replacement. This generalises and extends work of Movshev–Schwarz and Gálvez–Gorbounov–Shaikh–Tonks in the same spirit. We also comment on some issues with physical interpretations of the canonical multiplet, which are illustrated by an example related to the complex Cayley plane, and on possible extensions of our construction, which appear relevant in an example with symmetry type
$$G_2 \times A_1$$

G
2

×

A
1

.
Variation in metabolic rate during low tide aerial exposure in the Asian shore crab Hemigrapsus sanguineus
Authors: Griffen Blaine D. , Ashton Ian B. , Dominguez-Villalobos Amanda , Fletcher Laura S. , Marlow Bailey N. , Raj Vibalia , Reese Lia A. , Reese Tanner C. , Richardson Hannah C. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntertidal animals deal with physical gradients daily that create stressful conditions across the shore. These physical gradients influence the physiological performance of organisms, requiring responses that may differ with height on the shore. We examined the respiratory response to aerial exposure in the invasive Asian shore crab Hemigrapsus sanguineus during periods of low tide emersion using two field experiments. The first experiment simultaneously measured respiration of individuals collected from different heights on the shore, which had therefore been emersed for different lengths of time. The second experiment measured respiration of individuals collected at different times from the same tidal height. Respiration rates of crabs in both experiments increased immediately after emersion, nearly doubling by and peaking at ~ 1.5 h of aerial exposure, before decreasing again over the next 1.5 h. These results suggest that the energetic cost of low tide exposure is greatest shortly after emersion during the first half of the typical low tide period, but then decreases thereafter. These respiration patterns facilitate the broad intertidal distribution of this species on rocky shores throughout its range.
Plasma microRNA-143 and microRNA-145 levels are elevated in patients with left ventricular dysfunction
Authors: Murase Hirotaka , Minatoguchi Shingo , Heishima Kazuki , Yasuda Shinji , Satake Atsushi , Yoshizumi Ryo , Komaki Hisaaki , Baba Shinya , Ojio Shinsuke , Tanaka Toshiki , Akao Yukihiro , Minatoguchi Shinya , Okura Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMicroRNA(miR)-143 and miR-145 are mainly expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells. However, the relationship between plasma miR-143 or miR-145 levels and the left ventricular (LV) function in patients with heart diseases remains unclear. Blood samples were taken from the antecubital vein in patients with heart diseases (n = 52), such as coronary artery disease, old myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, and valvular heart disease, and controls without heart diseases (n = 22). We measured plasma miR-143 and -145 levels by quantitative RT–PCR using TaqMan MicroRNA Assays and THUNDERBIRD Probe qPCR Mix. Plasma BNP levels were also measured. Echocardiography was performed to measure the LV ejection fraction (LVEF) and LV dilation. Plasma miR-143 and miR-145 levels were significantly higher in patients with heart diseases than in controls, respectively. Plasma miR-143 and miR-145 levels were significantly higher in patients with LVEF < 50% than in those with LVEF ≧ 50%, respectively. Plasma miR-143 and miR-145 levels were inversely correlated with LVEF, respectively. Plasma miR-143 and miR-145 levels were positively correlated with LV end-systolic dimension, respectively. Plasma miR-143 and -145 levels were positively correlated with plasma BNP levels, respectively. Plasma BNP levels were inversely correlated with LVEF. Plasma miR-143 and miR-145 levels are elevated in patients with LV dysfunction and may counteract LV dysfunction.
Cystatin SA attenuates gastric cancer cells growth and increases sensitivity to oxaliplatin via PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Lu Yida , Wang Huizhen , Chen Sihan , Yang Bo , Li Yaxian , Li Yongxiang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Cystatin SA (CST2) belongs to the superfamily of cysteine protease inhibitors. Emerging research indicates that CST2 is often dysregulated across various cancers. Its role and molecular mechanisms in gastric cancer remain underexplored. This study aims to explore the expression and function of CST2 in gastric cancer.

Methods
CST2 expression was analyzed and validated through Western blot. CST2 overexpression was induced by lentivirus in GC cells, and the correlation between CST2 expression levels and downstream signaling pathways was assessed. In addition, multiple assays, including cell proliferation, colony formation, wound-healing, and transwell migration/invasion, were considered to ascertain the influence of CST2 overexpression on gastric cancer. The cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry.

Results
CST2 expression at the protein level was decreased to be reduced in both gastric cancer tissues and cell lines, and CST2 expression attenuate gastric cancer growth, an effect restricted to gastric cancer cells and absent in gastric epithelial GES-1 cells. Furthermore, CST2 was demonstrated to improve chemosensitivity to Oxaliplatin in gastric cancer cells through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Conclusion
These findings indicate that CST2 is downregulated at the protein level in gastric cancer tissues and cell lines. Additionally, CST2 was found to attenuate the growth of gastric cancer cells and to enhance sensitivity to Oxaliplatin through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, specific to gastric cancer cell lines. CST2 may serve as a tumor suppressor gene increasing sensitivity to Oxaliplatin in gastric cancer.
Zircon trace element fingerprint of changing tectonic regimes in Permian rhyolites from the Central European Lowlands
Authors: Słodczyk Elżbieta , Pietranik Anna , Repstock Alexander , Przybyło Arkadiusz , Glynn Sarah , Lukács Réka 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe late Carboniferous/early Permian post-collisional rhyolites (305–285 Ma) that formed in Central Europe have generally similar whole rock compositions to that of older Late-Variscan rhyolites (330–310 Ma). However, data compilation combining zircon age with the chemical composition of rhyolites from 20 units shows a trend of increasing zircon saturation temperature with decreasing age. This trend is particularly well identified in rhyolites from the Central European Lowlands (CEL)—consisting of the NE German and NW Polish Basin—and also correlates their location with the zircon saturation temperature increasing from SE to NW from 750°C to 850°C. We infer that these higher temperatures of zircon saturation reflect a contemporaneous change in the tectonic setting from collisional to divergent, reflecting the onset of the Central European continental rifting. This interpretation is further corroborated by the trace element compositions of the CEL zircons, which resembles zircon crystallized in a divergent setting. Interestingly, the zircon formed globally in this type of setting is chemically diverse, especially considering uranium concentration. For example, zircon from locations dominated by mafic magma fractionation, such as rhyolites from Iceland, have low U concentrations and low U/Yb ratios. On the other hand, zircon formed in rhyolites in rifted margins, like western North America, tends to have much higher U and U/Yb ratios. Such high concentrations are not observed in zircon from the CEL, suggesting that the mantle input could be higher and residence times within continental crust shorter than those for rhyolites from the Cenozoic western USA. This may, in turn, suggest that the region might have been affected by a hot spot, similar to that responsible for rhyolite formation of the Snake River Plain.
Graphical abstract
Omega-3 index in patients with severe diabetic ocular complications
Authors: Guttmann Andreas , Wallisch Fabian , Hoeflechner Lukas , Pahljina Christian , Lindner Marlene , Wedrich Andreas , Lindner Ewald , Ivastinovic Domagoj 
Published: May 2024

Summary
Background
The aim of the study was to assess the omega‑3 index and the proportions of other relevant fatty acids (FAs) in patients undergoing vitrectomy due to severe diabetic ocular complications. According to evidence, an optimal omega‑3 index range is 8–11% and a high level of saturated FAs correlate with advanced diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Methods
Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) undergoing vitrectomy due to diabetic macular edema or vitreous hemorrhage secondary to proliferative DRP were recruited for this study. Prior to surgery, the omega‑3 index, defined as the proportion of omega‑3 FAs in the membranes of erythrocytes, and the proportions of omega‑6, omega‑9, saturated and trans FAs were assessed using “high-sensitivity” gas chromatography with flame ionization detection.

Results
In total, 12 patients with DM type 1 (n = 2) and type 2 (n = 10) were enrolled. Their age was 69 ± 12 years and their HbA1c averaged 7.6 ± 1.2%. The omega‑3 index was 4.5 ± 1.2%. There was a moderate negative correlation between HbA1c and the omega‑3 index (r = −0.51, p = 0.09). The proportions of other FAs were within the normal ranges. However, the proportions of omega‑6 and saturated FAs were in the upper range (33.3 ± 2.2% and 41.1 ± 1.3%, respectively).

Conclusion
Patients with severe diabetic ocular complications who require vitreoretinal surgery are generally under-supplied with omega‑3 FAs and over-supplied with omega‑6 and saturated FAs. Patients with diabetes might consequently benefit from early omega‑3 FA supplementation and a reduction of saturated FAs in order to prevent or at least slow down the development of DRP and ultimately preserve vision.
Potential antiprostatic performance of novel lanthanide-complexes based on 5-nitropicolinic acid
Authors: García-García Amalia , Cristobal-Cueto Pablo , Hidalgo Tania , Vitórica-Yrezábal Iñigo J. , Rodríguez-Diéguez Antonio , Horcajada Patricia , Rojas Sara 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTwo new lanthanide-complexes based on the 5-nitropicolinate ligand (5-npic) were obtained and fully characterized. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction revealed that these compounds are isostructural to a Dy-complex, previously published by us, based on dinuclear monomers link together with an extended hydrogen bond network, providing a final chemical formula of [Ln2(5-npic)6(H2O)4]·(H2O)2, where Ln = Dy (1), Gd (2), and Tb (3). Preliminary photoluminescent studies exhibited a ligand-centered emission for all complexes. The potential antitumoral activity of these materials was assayed in a prostatic cancer cell line (PC-3; the 2nd most common male cancerous disease), showing a significant anticancer activity (50–60% at 500 μg·mL−1). In turn, a high biocompatibility by both, the complexes and their precursors in human immunological HL-60 cells, was evidenced. In view of the strongest toxic effect in the tumoral cell line provided by the free 5-npic ligand (~ 40–50%), the overall anticancer complex performance seems to be triggered by the presence of this molecule.
Graphical Abstract
Metalloproteins as risk factors for osteoarthritis: improving and understanding causal estimates using Mendelian randomization
Authors: Li Jiaze , Guan Mingyang , Qi Lin , Zhang Fengping , Jia Chenxu , Meng Qingtao , Han Jian 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most prevalent musculoskeletal disorders and a primary cause of pain and disability among the elderly population. Research on the relationship between metalloproteins (MPs) and OA is limited, and causality remains unclear. Our objective is to utilize Mendelian randomization (MR) to explore the possible causal relationship between MPs and OA. The data on MPs were derived from a Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) analysis involving 3301 samples. The GWAS data for OA were obtained from an analysis involving 462,933 European individuals. In this study, a variety of two-sample Mendelian randomization methods (two-sample MR) to evaluate the causal effect of MPs on OA, including inverse variance weighted method (IVW), MR-Egger method, weighted median method (WM), simple mode, weight mode, and Wald ratio. The primary MR analysis using the IVW method reveals a significant negative correlation between Metallothionein-1F (MT-1F), zinc finger protein 134 (ZNF134), calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type 1D (CAMK1D), and EF-hand calcium-binding domain-containing protein 14 (EFCAB14) with the occurrence of osteoarthritis (OA) (p value < 0.05). However, no causal relationship was observed in the opposite direction between these MPs and OA. Notably, even in combined models accounting for confounding factors, the negative association between these four MPs and OA remained significant. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated no evidence of horizontal pleiotropy or heterogeneity, and leave-one-out analysis confirmed the robustness of the results. In this study, we have established a conspicuous association between four distinct MPs and OA. This discovery augments our understanding of potential avenues for the diagnosis and treatment of this condition.

Key Points• The MR method was employed to assess the relationship between MPs and OA.• A total of four types of MPs have demonstrated inhibitory effects on the occurrence of OA.
A Lagrangian approach for solving an axisymmetric thermo-electromagnetic problem. Application to time-varying geometry processes
Authors: Benítez Marta , Bermúdez Alfredo , Fontán Pedro , Martínez Iván , Salgado Pilar 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe aim of this work is to introduce a thermo-electromagnetic model for calculating the temperature and the power dissipated in cylindrical pieces whose geometry varies with time and undergoes large deformations; the motion will be a known data. The work will be a first step towards building a complete thermo-electromagnetic-mechanical model suitable for simulating electrically assisted forming processes, which is the main motivation of the work. The electromagnetic model will be obtained from the time-harmonic eddy current problem with an in-plane current; the source will be given in terms of currents or voltages defined at some parts of the boundary. Finite element methods based on a Lagrangian weak formulation will be used for the numerical solution. This approach will avoid the need to compute and remesh the thermo-electromagnetic domain along the time. The numerical tools will be implemented in FEniCS and validated by using a suitable test also solved in Eulerian coordinates.
Study regarding the influence of a student’s personality and an LMS usage profile on learning performance using machine learning techniques
Authors: Rico-Juan Juan Ramón , Cachero Cristina , Macià Hermenegilda 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAcademic performance (AP) is crucial for lifelong success. Unfortunately, many students fail to meet expected academic benchmarks, leading to altered career paths or university dropouts. This issue is particularly pronounced in the early stages of higher education, highlighting the need for the instructors of these foundational courses to have access to simple yet effective tools for the early identification of students at high risk of academic failure. In this study, we propose a streamlined conceptual model inspired by the Model of Human Behavior (MHB) to which we have incorporated two dimensions: capacity and willingness. These dimensions are assessed through the definition of three variables: Prior Academic Performance (PAP), Personality and Academic Engagement, whose measurements can easily be obtained by the instructors. Furthermore, we outline a Machine Learning (ML) process that higher education instructors can use to create their own tailored models in order to predict AP and identify risk groups with high levels of transparency and interpretability. The application of our approach to a sample of 322 Spanish undergraduates studying two mathematical subjects at a Spanish university demonstrates its potential to detect failure early in the semester with a precision that is comparable with that of more complex models found in literature. Our tailored model identified that capacity was the primary predictor of AP, with a gain-to-baseline improvement of 21%, and the willingness variables increasing this to 27%. This approach is consistent over time. Implications for instructors are discussed and an open prediction and analysis tool is developed.
Nepeta cataria L. (catnip) can serve as a chassis for the engineering of secondary metabolic pathways
Authors: Geissler Marcus , Neubauer Christoph , Sheludko Yuriy V. , Brückner Adrian , Warzecha Heribert 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Objective
Evaluation of Nepeta cataria as a host with specific endogenous metabolite background for transient expression and metabolic engineering of secondary biosynthetic sequences.

Results
The reporter gene gfp::licBM3 as well as three biosynthetic genes leading to the formation of the cannabinoid precursor olivetolic acid were adopted to the modular cloning standard GoldenBraid, transiently expressed in two chemotypes of N. cataria and compared to Nicotiana benthamiana. To estimate the expression efficiency in both hosts, quantification of the reporter activity was carried out with a sensitive and specific lichenase assay. While N. benthamiana exhibited lichenase activity of 676 ± 94 μmol g−1 s−1, N. cataria cultivar ‘1000’, and the cultivar ‘Citriodora’ showed an activity of 37 ± 8 μmol g−1 s−1 and 18 ± 4 μmol g−1 s−1, respectively. Further, combinatorial expression of genes involved in cannabinoid biosynthetic pathway acyl-activating enzyme 1 (aae1), olivetol synthase (ols) and olivetolic acid cyclase (oac) in N. cataria cv. resulted presumably in the in vivo production of olivetolic acid glycosides.

Conclusion
Nepeta cataria is amenable to Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression and could serve as a novel chassis for the engineering of secondary metabolic pathways and transient evaluation of heterologous genes.
Comparison of the characteristics of the population eligible for lung cancer screening under 2013 and population newly eligible under 2021 US Preventive Services Task Force recommendations
Authors: Yell Nicholas , Eberth Jan M. , Alberg Anthony J. , Hung Peiyin , Schootman Mario , McLain Alexander C. , Munden Reginald F. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
In 2021, the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) revised their 2013 recommendations for lung cancer screening eligibility by lowering the pack-year history from 30+ to 20+ pack-years and the recommended age from 55 to 50 years. Simulation studies suggest that Black persons and females will benefit most from these changes, but it is unclear how the revised USPSTF recommendations will impact geographic, health-related, and other sociodemographic characteristics of those eligible.

Methods
This cross-sectional study employed data from the 2017–2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System surveys from 23 states to compare age, gender, race, marital, sexual orientation, education, employment, comorbidity, vaccination, region, and rurality characteristics of the eligible population according to the original 2013 USPSTF recommendations with the revised 2021 USPSTF recommendations using chi-squared tests. This study compared those originally eligible to those newly eligible using the BRFSS raking-dervived weighting variable.

Results
There were 30,190 study participants. The results of this study found that eligibility increased by 62.4% due to the revised recommendations. We found that the recommendation changes increased the proportion of eligible females (50.1% vs 44.1%), Black persons (9.2% vs 6.6%), Hispanic persons (4.4% vs 2.7%), persons aged 55–64 (55.8% vs 52.6%), urban-dwellers(88.3% vs 85.9%), unmarried (3.4% vs 2.5%) and never married (10.4% vs 6.6%) persons, as well as non-retirees (76.5% vs 56.1%) Respondents without comorbidities and COPD also increased.

Conclusion
It is estimated that the revision of the lung cancer screening recommendations decreased eligibility disparities in sex, race, ethnicity, marital status, respiratory comorbidities, and vaccination status. Research will be necessary to estimate whether uptake patterns subsequently follow the expanded eligibility patterns.