bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and light‐emitting properties of carbazole‐based copolymers bearing cyano‐substituted arylenevinylene chromophore
Authors: Takagi Koji , Nakagawa Tsuyoshi , Takao Hidenobu 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTwo arylenevinylene compounds bearing the cyano group at α‐position (6) and β‐position (9) from the dialkoxylphenylene unit were synthesized, in which the molecular termini were functionalized with 3‐bromocarbazole. The Suzuki coupling copolymerization of these compounds with 1,4‐bis[(3′‐bromocarbazole‐9′‐yl)methylene]‐2,5‐didecyloxybenzene and 9,9‐dihexylfluorene‐2,7‐bis(boronic acid) was carried out to obtain copolymers (cp67 and cp97) containing the cyano‐substituted arylenevinylene fluorophore of 7 mol %. Model compounds (6′ and 9′) corresponding to the arylenevinylene fluorophore were also prepared. The UV spectra of copolymers resembled that of homopolymer hp with no arylenevinylene segment in both CHCl3 solution and thin film. The emission maxima of copolymers in CHCl3 (394 nm) agreed with that of homopolymer indicating that the emission bands originated from the carbazole‐fluorene‐carbazole segment. The emission maximum wavelength of copolymer cp67 in thin film (477 nm) indicated fluorescence from the cyano‐substituted arylenevinylene fluorophore because of the occurrence of fluorescence resonance electron transfer. In contrast, copolymer cp97 showed fluorescence at 528 nm to suggest the formation of a new emissive species such as a charge‐transfer complex (exciplex). © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 91–98, 2010
Crystallization behavior of clay nanocomposites prepared from a degradable alternating copolyester constituted by glycolic acid and 6‐hydroxyhexanoic acid
Authors: Morales Laura , Franco Lourdes , Casas MarÍA Teresa , PuiggalÍ Jordi 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAn exfoliated nanocomposite was prepared by the film‐casting technique from C25A organo‐modified clay and a new biodegradable polyester derived from glycolic acid and 6‐hydroxyhexanonoic acid. This polyester has a sequential monomer distribution and high crystallinity, allowing a detailed study of its isothermal crystallization. The influence of the clay on the crystallization behavior was investigated by optical microscopy, simultaneous SAXS/WAXD synchrotron radiation and FTIR spectroscopy. Primary nucleation and crystal growth rate decreased significantly with the incorporation of nanoparticles. In addition, the overall crystallization rate of the nanocomposite was logically lower than that of the neat polyester. Bulk crystallizations were modeled from FTIR data with the Avrami equation. The results showed spherulite growth geometry and predetermined (heterogeneous) nucleation for both samples. Morphological studies revealed that both the crystal and the amorphous layer thicknesses were influenced by the presence of silicate layers. The overall percentage of crystallinity and the size of crystalline domains decreased with the addition of the highly miscible organoclay. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 33–46, 2010
Self‐organization of InAs and As quantum dots in GaAs by a combined molecular beam epitaxy process
Authors: Chaldyshev V. V. , Bert N. A. , Nevedomsky V. N. , Preobrazhenskii V. V. , Putyato M. A. , Semyagin B. R. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe show a possibility to self‐organize InAs semiconductor quantum dots (SQDs) and As semimetal quantum dots (MQDs) in a close vicinity to each other in the GaAs matrix. For that we develop a combined process of the molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), in which self‐organization of the InAs SQDs was achieved in the Stranski‐Krastanow mode, whereas self‐organization of the As MQDs was realized by the low‐temperature MBE with the subsequent anneal. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Luminescence spectra of CdSe/ZnSe double layers of quantum dots
Authors: Reznitsky Alexander , Klochikhin Albert , Permogorov Sergei , Korenev Vladimir V. , Sedova Irina , Sorokin Sergey , Sitnikova Alla , Ivanov Sergei 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe have studied the emission spectra and structural properties of double CdSe/ZnSe quantum dot (QD) sheet structures grown by molecular beam epitaxy in order to elucidate the mechanisms of the electronic and strain field interaction between the QD planes. The thickness of the ZnSe barrier separating the CdSe sheets was in the range of 10‐60 monolayers (ML) in the set of samples studied. We have found that coupling between dots in adjacent layers becomes relatively strong in CdSe/ZnSe double layers structures with 25‐27 ML barrier, while it is rather weak when the barrier thickness exceeds 30 ML. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electron and phonon dynamics in zincblende gallium nitride
Authors: Brazis R. , Raguotis R. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis report presents new Monte Carlo simulation results revealing the ballistic stage of growth of the phonon number, electron velocity and energy upon the switching‐on electric field, the shape of electron and phonon stationary distributions in high electric fields, as well as electron cooling and phonon number relaxation rates after switching‐off the field in zincblende gallium nitride crystals.LO phonon band population inversion is feasible here up to the room temperature relative to the TO phonons, and below T < 80 K – relative to the LA‐phonon band provided that the phonon lifetimes satisfy the conditions of ≥ 2 ps (LO) and ≥ 2 ns (LA). Phonon decay scenarios with the stimulated emission of infrared‐range photons are discussed including phonon difference transitions. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Topic modeling for OLAP on multidimensional text databases: topic cube and its applications
Authors: Zhang Duo , Zhai ChengXiang , Han Jiawei , Srivastava Ashok , Oza Nikunj 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAs the amount of textual information grows explosively in various kinds of business systems, it becomes more and more desirable to analyze both structured data records and unstructured text data simultaneously. Although online analytical processing (OLAP) techniques have been proven very useful for analyzing and mining structured data, they face challenges in handling text data. On the other hand, probabilistic topic models are among the most effective approaches to latent topic analysis and mining on text data. In this paper, we study a new data model calledtopic cubeto combine OLAP with probabilistic topic modeling and enable OLAP on the dimension of text data in a multidimensional text database. Topic cube extends the traditional data cube to cope with a topic hierarchy and stores probabilistic content measures of text documents learned through a probabilistic topic model. To materialize topic cubes efficiently, we propose two heuristic aggregations to speed up the iterative Expectation‐Maximization (EM) algorithm for estimating topic models by leveraging the models learned on component data cells to choose a good starting point for iteration. Experimental results show that these heuristic aggregations are much faster than the baseline method of computing each topic cube from scratch. We also discuss some potential uses of topic cube and show sample experimental results. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 2: 378‐395, 2009
The Role of Rapid Pacu Parathyroid Hormone in Reducing Post‐Thyroidectomy Hypocalcemia
Authors: Sabour Sarmad , Manders Ernest , Steward David L. 
Published: November 2009

OBJECTIVESPost‐thyroidectomy parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels have been used to predict hypocalcemia. The goal of this study was to determine whether selective supplementation for post anesthesia care unit (PACU) PTH < 15 mg/dL reduced hypocalcemia compared to observation or routine supplementation.STUDY DESIGNControlled cohort study of thyroidectomy patients, with chart review.SETTINGChart review of total or completion thyroidectomy patients in an academic setting.SUBJECTS AND METHODSThe control group consisted of 124 subjects. The selective supplementation group consisted of 169 subjects with routine PACU PTH testing. The routine supplementation group consisted of 155 subjects with immediate postoperative calcium and vitamin D supplementation. The control group received supplementation for hypocalcemia (calcium < 8.0 mg/dL). The selective PTH group received calcium and vitamin D supplementation for PACU PTH < 15 mg/dL or hypocalcemia. The routine supplementation group received oral calcium and calcitriol supplementation immediately after surgery. Four separate postoperative day 1 (POD1) outcome measures were evaluated: 1) mean serum calcium; 2) rate of hypocalcemia < 8 mg/dL; 3) rate of significant hypocalcemia < 7.5 mg/dL; and 4) rate of hypercalcemia > 10 mg/dL.RESULTSMean serum calcium was lower and the rate of hypocalcemia was higher in the control group than the selective PACU PTH group on POD1 (8.2 vs 8.6 mg/dL, P < 0.0001, and 35% vs 14%, P < 0.0001, respectively). Mean serum calcium was higher (8.9 vs 8.6 mg/dL, P < 0.0001) and the rate of hypocalcemia lower in the routine supplementation group than in the selective group. However, the rate of hypercalcemia was higher in the routine supplementation group than in the selective group (4.5% vs 0%, P = 0.006).CONCLUSIONRoutine PTH testing and supplementation for patients with hypoparathyroidism reduced the proportion of patients experiencing hypocalcemia. However, supplementation for intraoperative PTH < 15 mg/dL had a higher rate of hypocalcemia than routine supplementation, but with a lower rate of hypercalcemia.
Fluid Residuals and Drug Exposure in Nasal Irrigation
Authors: Harvey Richard J. , Debnath Nick , Srubiski Aviva , Bleier Ben , Schlosser Rodney J. 
Published: November 2009

OBJECTIVETopical treatment options in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) are growing with our increased understanding of the inflammatory process. Additives to irrigation devices have become popular. Additives such as menthol provide little more than sensory feedback. However, glucocorticosteroids and antibiotics represent powerful pharmaceutical agents for which we have little knowledge regarding patient exposure and absorption. There is little data on fluid retained after nasal irrigation. The purpose of this study was to determine the residual volume and percentage of total nasal irrigation that is retained from a neti pot (NasaFlo) or squeeze bottle (Sinus Rinse).STUDY DESIGNCross‐sectional study.SETTINGTertiary rhinologic clinic.METHODSPatients with CRS were already using saline irrigation in their treatment. Participants were divided into pre and post sinus surgery (ESS). Control irrigations on 17 healthy patients with no sinonasal complaints were collected. Nasal irrigation was performed with accurate collection of the excess to determine retained amount.RESULTSOverall retention of fluid was 2.5 ± 1.6 percent. This represents only 5.8 ± 3.8 mL for the 240‐mL irrigations. Squeeze bottle and neti pot were similar: 2.3 ±1.3 percent and 3.0 ± 2.2 percent, respectively (P = 0.23). CRS (pre‐ESS) patients had the least retained volume: 1.4 ± 1.2 percent. Post‐ESS retained volume was 2.36 ± 1.18 percent. Control patients retained 2.2 ± 1.2 percent.CONCLUSIONSQuantification of the residual volume has important implications for the treatment of inflammatory disease with saline, as well as for potentially novel topical therapies. The information helps to define the fluid dynamics during nasal irrigation. The data are important to address concerns regarding drug or salt exposure from a very common intervention.
Immunologic Response to Fungus is not Universally Associated with Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Orlandi Richard R. , Marple Bradley F. , Georgelas Ann , Durtschi Drew , Barr Lucy 
Published: November 2009

OBJECTIVEImmunologic response to fungal antigens has been cited as an etiologic factor in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Previous work demonstrated a significant cytokine response in CRS patients that did not correlate with an immunoglobulin E (IgE) response. This study was performed in an effort to replicate these findings in a more geographically diverse population.DESIGNProspective in vitro study.SETTINGTwo academic tertiary rhinologic practices in Texas and Utah.METHODSSerum and peripheral blood monocytes (PBMC) were obtained from 10 CRS patients and seven controls. Total IgE and fungal‐specific IgE levels were determined. Cytokine levels were measured after PBMC exposure to Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, and Penicillium extracts. Correlations between cytokine responses and presence of CRS as well as IgE and IgG were determined.RESULTSInterleukin‐5 (IL‐5) was produced after Alternaria extract exposure in both CRS patients and controls, but the production was heterogenous and did not correlate with the presence of CRS. IL‐5 levels after Alternaria extract exposure correlated strongly with levels of Alternaria‐specific IgE in both CRS patients and controls. IL‐5 production did not correlate with IgG levels. IL‐4, IL‐13, and interferon‐gamma production did not differ between CRS patients and controls.CONCLUSIONSIn contrast to previously reported data, IL‐5 responses to Alternaria extract were not predictive of CRS presence. Our results in patients from Utah and Texas significantly differ from previously published findings in predominantly Midwestern patients. The immunologic response to fungal extracts appears to be heterogenous and may differ based on geography, allergy status, and/or other as‐yet unknown factors.
Effect of overweight on gastrointestinal microbiology and immunology: correlation with blood biomarkers
Authors: Tiihonen Kirsti , Ouwehand Arthur C. , Rautonen Nina 
Published: November 2009

A cross-sectional study was carried out in order to compare intestinal microbiological and immunological biomarkers with blood glucose and lipids, satiety-related hormones and inflammatory biomarkers characterising differences between obese and normal weight subjects. Faecal and blood samples were obtained from twenty obese subjects with an average BMI of 32·9 kg/m2and twenty normal weight subjects with an average BMI of 23·3 kg/m2. Blood insulin, TAG and leptin were significantly elevated, whereas concentrations of HDL and ghrelin were significantly decreased in the obese subjects. Inflammatory status in the obese subjects was characterised by a trend for elevated blood C-reactive protein (CRP;P = 0·06) and IL-6 (P = 0·02). The faecal microbial composition differed between the groups; less sulphate-reducing bacteria (P = 0·05) and a trend for lessBacteroides(P = 0·07) were measured for overweight subjects. Furthermore, an inverse correlation was demonstrated between faecalBacteroideslevels and waist circumference (P = 0·05). The faecal microbial metabolites differed between the groups; increased concentrations of branched-chain fatty acids, phenolics, valeric acid, di- and hydroxy acids were described in the obese subjects. No differences between the measured intestinal inflammatory biomarkers were detected. However, systemic inflammation (CRP and IL-6) was correlated with the faecal concentrations of phenolics and lactic acid (P < 0·05 and 0·05, andP < 0·01 and 0·05, respectively). In summary, weight-related differences were observed both in the intestinal microbial composition and its activity. The role of intestinal signals, such as phenolics and lactic acid in the development of weight-related problems, needs to be studied further.
C*-algebras arising from substitutions
Authors: FUJINO MASARU 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce a C*-algebra associated with a primitive substitution. We show that when σ is proper, the C*-algebra is simple and purely infinite and contains the associated Cuntz–Krieger algebra and the crossed product C*-algebra of the corresponding Cantor minimal system. We calculate the K-groups.
3-dimensional time-resolved contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography for evaluation late after the Mustard operation for transposition
Authors: Johansson Bengt , Babu-Narayan Sonya V. , Kilner Philip J. , Cannell Timothy M. , Mohiaddin Raad H. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPurposeCardiovascular magnetic resonance assessment of adults late after an atrial redirection operation for transposition is demanding and time consuming. We hypothesised that the relatively fast and standardised 3-dimensional time-resolved contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography, or dynamic angiography, would be valuable in the periodic follow-up of these patients.MethodsWe investigated prospectively 36 adults with transposition using dynamic angiography, comparing our results against a comprehensive but non-contrast cardiovascular magnetic resonance protocol. We acquired 6 dynamic angiographic datasets after injection of contrast. The primary aim was to detect significant obstruction of the pathways for venous flow.ResultsIn 4 patients (11%), we found evidence of moderate-to-severe, and thus clinically important, obstruction of systemic venous channels on standard cardiovascular magnetic resonance. All these patients were correctly identified by dynamic angiography. In 4 additional patients, we found mild and haemodynamically insignificant obstructions in the systemic venous channels. Of the 8 (22%) patients with any obstruction, 6 were detected by angiography. There were no false positives reported, giving sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 100%, a positive predictive value of 100%, and negative predictive value of 93%. In 1 patient, there was a moderate obstruction of the pulmonary venous compartment which was not readily seen by dynamic angiography.Conclusions3-dimensional dynamic angiography is a useful method for detecting anatomically moderate-to-severe, but not mild, obstructions in the systemic venous channels following Mustard repair for transposition. This technique can be used as a single imaging method and/or as complimentary to standard two dimensional cardiovascular magnetic resonance techniques for detection of clinically important obstructions in the systemic venous channels.
Joint estimation of DNA copy number from multiple platforms
Authors: Zhang Nancy R. , Senbabaoglu Yasin , Li Jun Z. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Motivation: DNA copy number variants (CNVs) are gains and losses of segments of chromosomes, and comprise an important class of genetic variation. Recently, various microarray hybridization-based techniques have been developed for high-throughput measurement of DNA copy number. In many studies, multiple technical platforms or different versions of the same platform were used to interrogate the same samples; and it became necessary to pool information across these multiple sources to derive a consensus molecular profile for each sample. An integrated analysis is expected to maximize resolution and accuracy, yet currently there is no well-formulated statistical method to address the between-platform differences in probe coverage, assay methods, sensitivity and analytical complexity.
Results: The conventional approach is to apply one of the CNV detection (‘segmentation’) algorithms to search for DNA segments of altered signal intensity. The results from multiple platforms are combined after segmentation. Here we propose a new method, Multi-Platform Circular Binary Segmentation (MPCBS), which pools statistical evidence across platforms during segmentation, and does not require pre-standardization of different data sources. It involves a weighted sum of t-statistics, which arises naturally from the generalized log-likelihood ratio of a multi-platform model. We show by comparing the integrated analysis of Affymetrix and Illumina SNP array data with Agilent and fosmid clone end-sequencing results on eight HapMap samples that MPCBS achieves improved spatial resolution, detection power and provides a natural consensus across platforms. We also apply the new method to analyze multi-platform data for tumor samples.
Availability: The R package for MPCBS is registered on R-Forge (http://r-forge.r-project.org/) under project name MPCBS.
Contact: nzhang@stanford.edu; junzli@umich.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A personalized microRNA microarray normalization method using a logistic regression model
Authors: Wang Bin , Wang Xiao-Feng , Howell Paul , Qian Xuemin , Huang Kun , Riker Adam I. , Ju Jingfang , Xi Yaguang 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Motivation: MicroRNA (miRNA) is a set of newly discovered non-coding small RNA molecules. Its significant effects have contributed to a number of critical biological events including cell proliferation, apoptosis development, as well as tumorigenesis. High-dimensional genomic discovery platforms (e.g. microarray) have been employed to evaluate the important roles of miRNAs by analyzing their expression profiling. However, because of the small total number of miRNAs and the absence of well-known endogenous controls, the traditional normalization methods for messenger RNA (mRNA) profiling analysis could not offer a suitable solution for miRNA analysis. The need for the establishment of new adaptive methods has come to the forefront.
Results: Locked nucleic acid (LNA)-based miRNA array was employed to profile miRNAs using colorectal cancer cell lines under different treatments. The expression pattern of overall miRNA profiling was pre-evaluated by a panel of miRNAs using Taqman-based quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) miRNA assays. A logistic regression model was built based on qRT-PCR results and then applied to the normalization of miRNA array data. The expression levels of 20 additional miRNAs selected from the normalized list were post-validated. Compared with other popularly used normalization methods, the logistic regression model efficiently calibrates the variance across arrays and improves miRNA microarray discovery accuracy.
Availability: Datasets and R package are available at http://gauss.usouthal.edu/publ/logit/
Contact: xi@usouthal.edu
EGAN: exploratory gene association networks
Authors: Paquette Jesse , Tokuyasu Taku 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Summary: Exploratory Gene Association Networks (EGAN) is a Java desktop application that provides a point-and-click environment for contextual graph visualization of high-throughput assay results. By loading the entire network of genes, pathways, interactions, annotation terms and literature references directly into memory, EGAN allows a biologist to repeatedly query and interpret multiple experimental results without incurring additional delays for data download/integration. Other compelling features of EGAN include: support for diverse -omics technologies, a simple and interactive graph display, sortable/searchable data tables, links to external web resources including ≥240 000 articles at PubMed, hypergeometric and GSEA-like enrichment statistics, pipeline-compatible automation via scripting and the ability to completely customize and/or supplement the network with new/proprietary data.
Availability: Runs on most operating systems via Java; downloadable from http://akt.ucsf.edu/EGAN/
Contact: jesse.paquette@cc.ucsf.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.