bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relative prognostic significance of total cathepsin D and HER‐2/neu oncogene amplification in breast cancer
Authors: Seshadri Ram , Horsfall David J. , Firgaira Frank , McCaul Kieran , Setlur Vittal , Chalmers Anthony H. , Yeo Robyn , Ingram D. , Dawkins Hugh , Hahnel Roland , South Australian Breast Cancer Study Group  
Published: July 2010

AbstractTotal tumor cathepsin D (TCD) levels were determined prospectively by a radioimmunometric assay in tumor cytosol of 858 primary breast cancer patients diagnosed between 1989–1991. In 581 of these patients, tumor HER‐2/neu oncogene amplification was simultaneously determined. In a “training‐set” of 313 patients, “high” TCD was associated with significantly shorter disease‐free survival (DFS). For the whole group, there was no correlation between TCD and pathologic stage, number of axillary nodes with tumor deposits, tumor size, histologic type and grade, or hormone receptor levels. In the node‐positive group, high TCD level was associated with HER‐2/ neu amplification. After a median follow‐up duration of 31 months, univariate analysis indicated that high TCD level was significantly associated with shorter DFS only in node‐positive patients. The shorter DFS in association with high TCD levels was observed in both estrogen‐receptor‐positive and ‐negative patients. Cox multivariate analysis of DFS confirmed that high TCD level was predictive of shorter DFS in node‐positive patients only. Because of the short duration of follow‐up, the significance of TCD in overall survival was not determined. We conclude that high tumor TCD in node‐positive patients is predictive of shorter DFS, and is often associated with HER‐2/ neu amplification. The possibility exists that high tumor TCD may act in combination with HER‐2/neu amplification to promote dissemination of metastases. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Amplification of the epidermal‐growth‐factor‐receptor gene correlates with different growth behaviour in human glioblastoma
Authors: Schlegel Jurgen , Merdes Annette , Stumm Gabi , Albert Fritz K. , Forsting Michael , Hynes Nancy , Kiessling Marika 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe objective of our study was to determine the frequency of EGF‐receptor‐gene rearrangement in relation to tumour‐growth behaviour in an unselected group of glioma patients. We investigated 73 glial tumours with different grades of malignancy (17 low‐grade gliomas, 14 anaplastic variants, and 42 GBM) by Southern analysis, reverse transcriptase PCR (RT‐PCR) amplification of mRNA, and Western analysis. An amplification of the EGF‐receptor gene was present in 19/42 GBM but in only I anaplastic astrocytoma. By RT‐PCR, 4/19 GBM with gene amplification showed a specific amino‐terminal aberrant splice mutation of 801 bp in addition to undeleted mRNA. By Western analysis, 27/42 GBM showed expression of the EGF‐receptor protein. Protein levels, however, varied among individual tumours. Four GBM containing an aberrant splice mutation exhibited an immunoreactive protein of 130 kDa MW in addition to the normal EGF‐receptor protein p170. All GBM patients underwent surgery followed by a standard course of radiotherapy. Neuroradiological follow‐up in 31/42 GBM patients consisted of bimonthly MRJ examinations. There was a statistically significant difference in the mean latency period until tumour regrowth of patients suffering from GBM with and without EGF‐receptor‐gene amplification (9 weeks vs. 32 weeks). Our data indicate more rapid tumour regrowth kinetics of GBM with amplified EGF receptor genes in vivo. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
P‐glycoprotein epitope mapping. I. Identification of a linear human‐specific epitope in the fourth loop of the P‐glycoprotein extracellular domain by MM4.17 murine monoclonal antibody to human multi‐drug‐resistant cells
Authors: Cianfriglia Maurizio , Willingham Mark C. , Tombesi Marina , Scagliotti Giorgio V. , Frasca Giuliana , Chersi Alberto 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA new murine monoclonal antibody (MAb), MM4.17, to human multi‐drug‐resistant (MDR) cells was found to be reactive in an ELISA with a synthetic 16‐amino acid peptide selected from the fourth loop of the P‐glycoprotein extracellular domain. Immunohistochemistry indicated that this MAb reacted in human tissues in the same pattern as that previously found with other human‐specific MAbs to P‐glycoprotein. For a precise definition of the MM4.17 epitope, a peptide library consisting of overlapping 4‐ to 10‐mer residues covering the entire P‐glycoprotein‐fragment was synthesized on polyethylene pins and tested for MAb binding. The results of this ELISA demonstrated that the MM4.17 epitope is constituted by the continuous‐linear TRIDDPET amino‐acid sequence (residues 750–757 of the human MDR I‐P‐glycoprotein). The MAb MM4.17 recognizes only the human MDRI ‐P‐glycoprotein isoform, and excess TRIDDPET peptide blocks the binding of the MAb to MDR variants of CEM cells. These results demonstrate that the amino‐acid sequence TRIDDPET from the human MDRI gene represents the first continuous‐linear epitope identified in the P‐glycoprotein extracellular domain.
Transcriptional regulatory networks associated with self‐renewal and differentiation of neural stem cells
Authors: Yun So Jeong , Byun Kyunghee , Bhin Jinhyuk , Oh Jee‐Hyun , Nhung Le Thi Hong , Hwang Daehee , Lee Bonghee 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNeural stem cells (NSCs) are self‐renewing, multipotent cells that can generate neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes of the nervous system. NSCs have been extensively studied because they can be used to treat impaired cells and tissues or improve regenerative power of degenrating cells in neurodegenerative diseases or spinal cord injuries. For successful clinical applications of NSCs, it is essential to understand the mechanisms underlying self‐renewal and differentiation of NSCs, which involve complex interplays among key factors including transcription factors, epigenetic control, microRNAs, and signaling pathways. Despite numerous studies on such factors, a holistic view of their interplays during neural development still remains elusive. In this review, we present recently identified potential regulatory factors and their targets by genomics and proteomics technologies and then integrate them into regulatory networks that describe their complex interplays to achieve self‐renewal and differentiation of NSCs. J. Cell. Physiol. 225: 337–347, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
TNFAIP8: A new effector for Galpha(i) coupling to reduce cell death and induce cell transformation
Authors: Laliberté Benoit , Wilson Ariel M. , Nafisi Houman , Mao Helen , Zhou Yi Yuen , Daigle Mireille , Albert Paul R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractGalpha(i)‐coupled receptors comprise a diverse family of receptors that induce transformation by largely unknown mechanisms. We previously found that the Galpha(i)‐coupled dopamine‐D2short (D2S) receptor transforms Balb‐D2S cells via Gαi3. To identify new Gαi effectors, a yeast two‐hybrid screen was done using constitutively active Gαi3‐Q204L as bait, and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNFα)‐induced protein 8 (TNFAIP8, SCC‐S2/NDED/GG2‐1) was identified. In contrast, TNFAIP8‐related TIPE1 and TIPE2 showed a very weak interaction with Gαi3. In yeast mating, in vitro pull‐down, co‐immunoprecipitation and bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) assays, TNFAIP8 preferentially interacted with activated Gαi proteins, consistent with direct Gαi‐TNFAIP8 coupling. Over‐expression or depletion of TNFAIP8 using antisense constructs in Balb‐D2S cells did not affect D2S‐induced signaling to Gαi‐dependent inhibition of cAMP. In contrast, antisense depletion of TNFAIP8 completely inhibited spontaneous and D2S‐induced foci formation, consistent with a role for TNFAIP8 in Gαi‐dependent transformation. To address possible mechanisms, the effect of D2S signaling via TNFAIP8 on TNFα action was examined. D2S receptor activation inhibited TNFα‐induced cell death in Balb‐D2S cells, but not in cells depleted of TNFAIP8. However, depletion of TNFAIP8 did not prevent D2S‐induced inhibition of TNFα‐mediated caspase activation, suggesting that D2S/TNFAIP8‐induced protection from TNFα‐induced cell death is caspase‐independent. The data suggest that Gαi‐TNFAIP8‐mediated rescue of pre‐oncogenic cells enhances progression to oncogenic transformation, providing a selective target to inhibit cellular transformation. J. Cell. Physiol. 225: 865–874, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The zeta potential of aluminium hydroxide in relation to water treatment coagulation
Authors: Hall E. S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe zeta potentials of kaolinite particles in the presence of aluminium sulphate, aluminium nitrate and aged partly neutralised nitrate have been measured for various pH values. They are dependent on the concentration of a polynuclear ion. The results are compared with previous flocculation experiments, and support the view that in the presence of Al3+ ions, surfaces of kaolinite are coated with aluminium hydroxide having stability ranging from that of the amorphous form to almost that of the crystalline species. Optimum flocculation requires that the coating should be of the amorphous hydroxide, formed when the highest possible value of the solubility product [Al3+] [OH−]3 is attained.
The mechanical properties of films. I. Evaluation of the mechanical properties of some surface coating polymers by the Williams, Landel and Ferry method
Authors: Simpson W. , Bridge L. , Holt T. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis series of papers is concerned with an evaluation of the dynamic elastic properties of typical insulating varnish and enamel films and the observation of transition temperatures in these materials.Dynamic elastic properties have been investigated in the temperature range, room temperature to 180°, and in the frequency range 40 to 2000 c/s. The results have been interpreted by the method of reduced variables. The Williams, Landel, Ferry (WLF) equation was found to be applicable to many of the materials including polyesters, silicones and epoxides; the product of the WLF parameters (C1°C2°) varied from 350 to 1300. The use of the Tg form of the WLF equation is deprecated, insofar as the relationship between Ts (the parameter in the WLF ‘universal’ equation) and Tg is demonstrably not constant.Polyurethane varnishes showed large deviations from the WLF equation and this is almost certainly connected with the existence of more than one large transition in these materials. Multiple transitions may however be detected in materials conforming to the WLF equation and it does not seem possible to decide whether or not transitions established dilatometrically will influence the less sensitive dynamic properties in such a way as to produce clear deviations from WLF behaviour.
Kinetics of growth on aqueous — oil and aqueous — solid dispersed systems
Authors: Humphrey Arthur E. , Erickson Larry E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDispersed phase continuous culture systems are very complicated. Indeed, they can differ considerably in their behaviour from the usual homogeneous continuous culture systems. Experimental studies on cell adsorption—desorption rates under various conditions of surfactant concentrations and droplet coalescence and break‐up is needed in order to understand fully the mechanism of substrate utilisation in these continuous systems.
E.M.F. response of the iodide crystal membrane electrode in iodide solutions concentrated with NaCIO4, NaNO3, NaBr and NaSCN
Authors: Moorhead E. D. , The Paul W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAn experimental study has been made of the e.m.f. response of the Orion iodide‐selective electrode in iodide solutions to ascertain the effect of a broad range of accompanying NaClO4 (0.0625 to 5.0 mol/kg), and for comparison, NaNO3, NaBr and NaSCN. For each salt the three‐parameter empirical equation of Stoughton et al. for calculation of the mean molal activity coefficient was combined with the Nicolsky equation to obtain estimates of an electrode selectivity ratio, K. Consideration of some of these results suggests the possibility of a slight NaClO4, NaNO3 interaction beyond the anticipated salt‐induced alteration in the activity of solution iodide.
Kinetics of dimerisation of gaseous keten
Authors: Blake P. G. , Davies H. H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe dimerisation of gaseous keten in the temperature and pressure ranges 225 to 323 °C and 6 to 155 mmHg, respectively, is essentially homogeneous and of the second order in carbon‐coated reactors, k = 105.25 exp(−74 000/RT) l mol−1 s−1. The entropy of activation, at – 166.4 J K−1 mol−1, agrees closely with values obtained in solution for the dimerisation or cycloaddition reactions of other ketens.
Studies on the synthesis and chromatographic behaviour of the esters of gallic acid and galloylglycollic acid
Authors: Wijesekera R. O. B. , Ratnayake V. U. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSeveral esters of gallic acid, and galloylglycollic acid have been synthesised, the latter for the first time. Their behaviour on thin‐layer chromatograms have been examined and five suitable solvent systems are described, which enable their convenient separation and identification on the basis of Rf values.
Synthesis of isohydrazones by the reaction of chlorine and ammonia in the presence of a ketone (the basis of a new hydrazine process). I
Authors: Jermyn T. J. , Jeffreys G. V. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe chemical reaction between chlorine and ammonia in the presence of a ketone has been studied in the gas phase and in the gas and liquid phases in order to assess the suitability of this reaction process for the production of hydrazine. High yields of chloramine have been obtained with dilute chlorine—nitrogen gases and this has been explained in terms of the rate processes occurring in the bubbles in the gas—liquid reaction system.
The thermal decomposition of ferrous sulphate heptahydrate. II. Decomposition to ferric oxide
Authors: Kamel A. H. , Abdallah A. M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe final stage of decomposition of ferrous sulphate heptahydrate to Fe2O3 and SO3, in a current of air, has been investigated. It was found that SO3 undergoes partial instantaneous dissociation to SO2 and O2, and that the degree of dissociation is dependent on the ignition temperature and the SO3: air ratio.Data for the degree and rate of salt decomposition at temperatures from 500 to 1000 °C, are given.
Thermal reactions between MII sulphates and acid orthophosphates in the solid state
Authors: Berry E. E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTwo general types of high temperature reactions between MII sulphates and acid orthophosphates have been found and a survey of some representative examples has been made. The reactions are typified by two examples using Ca2+ salts:

and

.Similar reactions have been found for other alkaline earth sulphates and phosphates and for corresponding mixed alkaline earth systems. The products have been found to be largely determined by the phase relationships in the respective MIIO–P2O5 systems.
Gypsum plasters. I. Preparation of β‐hemihydrates
Authors: Khalil A. A. , Gad G. M. 
Published: July 2010

Abstractβ‐Hemihydrate plasters were prepared in one way by continuous heating of gypsum at 90 °C. In addition to this, a new attempt has been made to prepare this material by making use of the phenomenon of rehydration of γ‐anhydrite. The hemihydrate formation, in both methods, was followed through periodical differential thermal analysis studies. Results showed that 4 days heating at 90 °C, as well as the rehydration of γ‐anhydrite at room conditions for 30 days, result in the formation of pure hemihydrate. The prepared plasters were found to be free from gypsum.
Gypsum plasters II. Constitution and properties of the prepared β‐hemihydrates
Authors: Khalil A. A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe constitution of the two types of plasters, previously prepared, was followed using thin‐section microscopy and X‐ray diffractometry. Moreover, their hydraulic properties were determined to assess their suitability for use in various applications. Results showed that the plasters consist mainly of the β‐hemihydrate phase. The X‐rays and thin section microscopy in addition to the differential thermal analysis have omitted the presence of gypsum in the investigated plasters. The plaster prepared by rehydration of γ‐anhydrite shows better crystallinity than that prepared by direct calcination of gypsum at 90 °C. Both types require small amounts of water giving higher ultimate strength. The rehydrated γ‐anhydrite shows normal setting in accordance with the international specifications requirements. The other type exhibits a quick setting property which was related to the presence of minute amounts of gypsum, in the plaster, below the limits of identification of both the X‐rays and differential thermal analysis. The prepared plasters could be used for various purposes needing higher strength, lower normal consistency and quick or moderate setting properties.
Radiometric studies of mercury loss from fungicidal paints III. Loss from three paints with various mercury contents
Authors: Taylor C. G. , Hunter G. H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractLosses of mercury have been measured over a period of 220 days from paint films prepared from polyvinyl acetate emulsion (PVA), styrene/acrylic emulsion or alkyd gloss paints containing concentrations of mercury as phenyl mercuric acetate (PMA) from 0.005 to 0.16%. At all concentrations, simple PVA films lose mercury at lower rates than do comparable films prepared from PVA containing coalescing agent, or from styrene/acrylic emulsion.Mercury losses from alkyd gloss films are lower than those from other films at the lower mercury concentrations studied, but percentage loss rates for alkyd films increase somewhat with increasing mercury concentration. A simple explanation for this difference is offered in terms of physical structures of the paint films.
The pyrolysis of chlorocarbons
Authors: Grant David 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe formation of C6Cl6(bz), CCl4 and C2Cl6 by the sealed‐tube pyrolysis of chlorocarbons, has been confirmed. The chlorinolysis of C6Cl6(bz), C4Cl6 (1,3 diene) and C2Cl4 yields CCl4.
New dyestuffs for synthetic fibres, benzimidazo‐thioxantheno‐isoquinolin‐ones
Authors: Grayshan P. H. , Mak K. H. R. , Peters Arnold T. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCondensation of 3‐ and 4‐bromo‐ or nitro‐7H‐benzimidazo[2,1‐α]benz[d,e]isoquinolin‐7‐ones with 2‐aminobenzenethiol, followed by Pschorr cyclisation of the resultant product, afforded the isomer mixture of the new heterocycles benzimidazo[1,2‐b]thioxantheno[2,1,9‐d,e,f,]isoquinolin‐7‐one and benzimidazo[2,1‐a]thioxantheno[2,1,9‐d,e,f,]isoquinolin‐8‐one. Separation of these isomers and their characterisation by unambiguous synthesis is reported. Small amounts of analogous 5‐membered sulphur heterocycles were also formed by cyclisation in the β‐position of the naphthalene ring. These new heterocycles dye synthetic fibres in fluorescent orange and yellow shades, showing excellent fastness to light and sublimation. Principal mass spectra features of the compounds are given.
The SCI/IUPAC/NPL project on surface area standards
Authors: Everett Douglas H. , Parfitt Geoffrey D. , Sing Kenneth S. W. , Wilson Raymond 
Published: July 2010

AbstractValues of the nitrogen BET specific surface areas calculated from data supplied by many laboratories on four currently available surface area standards are presented and compared. Analytical data, representative adsorption isotherms and typical BET plots are given. Various factors affecting the accuracy of nitrogen BET surface area measurements are summarised.
Alkylation of the aromatic nucleus
Authors: Badr M. Zarif A. , Abdel‐Rahman A. E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe proportion of α‐ and β‐alkyl naphthalenes has been determined in the products of the thermal decomposition of sulphonic acid esters of ethyl, isopropyl and sec‐butyl alcohols in naphthalene as aromatic solvent, The isomer ratios from alkylation by sulphonic acid esters are compared with that produced in alkylations by the alcohols and sulphuric acid or phosphoric acid as condensing agents. Aluminium chloride, when used as a catalyst affected the process of dealkylation—alkylation to a great extent during alkylation reaction resulting in a large difference in isomer ratio as observed.
A general model for the packed bed encapsulated enzyme reactor
Authors: Ramachandran P. A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA model has been developed for the performance of a packed bed encapsulated enzyme reactor which includes all the resistances controlling the rate of reaction plus the effect of axial dispersion of the bulk liquid. The method of solution to the problem is based on the application of the orthogonal collocation method to both the enzyme capsule and the bulk liquid, thereby reducing the problem into one of solving a number of simultaneous first order ordinary differential equations.
Thiamine accumulation in yeast
Authors: Stieglitz Barry , Levy Rachel , Mateles Richard I. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA comparison was made of the ability of several commercially significant yeast species to accumulate the vitamin thiamine. Saccharomyces cerevisiae accumulated two to four times as much thiamine as Candida tropicalis, Kluyveromyces fragilis, or Kluyveromyces lactis. Thiamine accumulation by yeasts in shaker flasks was two to three times greater than in a small fermentor.
Ultraviolet absorption spectra: Some substituted coumarins
Authors: Masrani K. V. , Rama H. S. , Bafna S. L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe u.v. absorption spectra of forty‐one substituted coumarins have been studied in methanol and aqueous methanol over a pH range. The effect of the nature and position of the substituent in the coumarin nucleus is discussed.
Ion‐exchange properties and possible applications of weathered Antrim basalts
Authors: Alexander George C. , Heal Henry G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe composition and ion‐exchange properties of weathered and hydrothermally altered Antrim basalts have been examined. Lightly weathered olivine basalt contains large quantities of smectites with good cation‐exchange capacity, adequate rates of exchange for practical applications, and useful selectivity. Much of the available basalt is suitable for direct use in ion‐exchange beds after crushing and screening. Laboratory tests of possible applications are described; the most promising are the removal of caesium‐137 from nuclear waste waters and of ammonia from treated sewage effluents.
Petroleum sulphonates: Production and evalution as corrosion inhibitors
Authors: Abdelkader M. Hilal , Gouda Venice K. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSodium and calcium petroleum sulphonates have been prepared by sulphuric acid treatment of the Egyptian Morgan 350–450 °C petroleum fraction. Extraction and purification of the sulphonates from the sulphonated oil and the residual acid sludge is described. Corrosion studies revealed that the sodium petroleum sulphonates are more effective as corrosion inhibitors than the calcium salts in a neutral as well as in an acid medium. A maximum inhibition efficiency of about 75% was obtained by the sodium salt in an acid and a neutral medium, while the relevant value obtained by the calcium salt is 60 and 23% in an acid and a neutral medium respectively. It has been also found that both salts accelerated corrosion when used at relatively high concentration in a neutral medium. Results are discussed according to the current views of corrosion inhibition.