bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategic approaches in oral squamous cell carcinoma diagnostics using liquid biopsy
Authors: Kinane Denis F. , Gabert Joerg , Xynopoulos George , Guzeldemir‐Akcakanat Esra 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLiquid biopsy is a noninvasive diagnostic technique used for monitoring cancer utilizing specific genetic biomarkers present in bodily fluids, such as blood, saliva, or urine. These analyses employ multiple biomolecular sources including circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), and exosomes (that contain DNA fragments) to detect genetic biomarkers that can predict, disclose, and/or monitor cancers. Levels of these biomarkers can inform on the presence of cancer, its genetic characteristics, and its potential treatment response and also provide predictive genetic predisposition information for specific cancers including oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC). Liquid biopsies can aid cancer management as they offer real‐time dynamic information on the response to say chemotherapy or radiotherapy and recurrence following surgical excision. Unlike traditional tissue biopsies, which are invasive with a degree of morbidity and require specific tumor location sampling, liquid biopsies are noninvasive and can be repeated frequently. For oral squamous cell carcinoma, on which this review focuses, liquid biopsy of blood or saliva can be valuable in predicting susceptibility, providing early detection, and monitoring the disease's progression and response to therapy. This review gives a general narrative overview of the technology, its current medical usage, and advantages and disadvantages compared with current techniques and discusses a range of current potential biomarkers for disclosing OSCC and predicting its risk. Oral squamous cell carcinoma is all too often detected in the late stages. In future, liquid biopsy may provide an effective screening process such that cancers including OSCC will be detected in the early stages rather than later when prognosis is poor and morbidity and debilitation are greater. In this screening process, periodontists and hygienists have a critical role in that they are adept in examining mucosa, they see patients with shared risk factors for periodontitis and OSCC, namely smoking and poor oral hygiene, and they see patients frequently such that OSCC examinations should be a routine part of the recall visit. With this additional screening manpower, oral medicine and oral surgery colleagues will detect OSCC earlier and this coupled with new techniques such as liquid biopsy may greatly decrease global morbidity in OSCC.
Advances in the application of stereo vision in aquaculture with emphasis on fish: A review
Authors: Li Daoliang , Yu Jiaxuan , Du Zhuangzhuang , Xu Wenkai , Wang Guangxu , Zhao Shili , Liu Yasai , Muhammad Akhter 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe effective implementation of machine vision has played a crucial role in advancing intelligent aquaculture across various domains. Stereo vision, as a branch of machine vision, has become a mainstream technology in aquaculture. Its distinctive capability to conduct comprehensive underwater monitoring from multiple angles, unaffected by object occlusion has propelled it to the forefront of aquaculture applications. This article offers a comprehensive review of the diverse applications of stereo vision in aquaculture spanning from its inception to present. The exploration encompasses its role in crucial areas such as biomass estimation and behavioural analysis, which include fish counting, weight estimation, swimming behaviour, feeding behaviour and abnormal behaviour. Furthermore, the paper delves into the advantages of stereo vision over traditional 2D machine vision approaches, while also acknowledging limitations, and identifying future challenges that must be addressed to fully leverage its potential in aquaculture. The review emphasizes the prospect of advancement in deep learning stereo‐matching algorithms specifically designed for underwater environments to catalyse a breakthrough in stereo vision technology. In summary, this review aims to provide researchers and practitioners with a better understanding of the current development of stereo vision in aquaculture, optimizing stereo vision technology and better serving the aquaculture field.
Nowcasting of advance estimates of personal consumption of Services in the U.S. National Economic Accounts: Individual vs forecasting combination approach
Authors: Chen Baoline , Hood Kyle 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAs part of continuing effort to research statistical methods for producing timely and accurate early estimates of national accounts statistics, this paper evaluates the ability of individual nowcasting and forecast combination techniques to reduce revisions in the first or advance estimates of U.S. quarterly personal consumption of services at the most detailed component level. At such a level, designated indicators for advance estimates are those directly relevant to the detailed components. Using the same indicators that were used in routine compilations, we show in a real time setting that nowcasting methods are able to reduce revisions in the advance estimates in over 90 percent of the detailed components, and the upper bound of the reductions reached over 60 percent. We evaluate the performances of all methods by comparing their root mean squared revisions for each component. Our study suggests that nowcasting techniques are potentially a powerful tool to reduce revisions in the early estimates in the national account statistics at the most detailed level.
Why did peri‐pandemic suicide death rates decrease among non‐Hispanic white people while increasing among most people of color?
Authors: Robison Morgan , Robertson Lee , Joiner T. E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionWhile suicides in the United States decreased during the COVID‐19 pandemic, statistically significant decreases have been limited to White people throughout a large portion of 2020.MethodsThis paper outlines possible explanations for racial/ethnic differences in suicidality in the early pandemic phases.ResultsWe propose both distal (i.e., tele‐mental health usage, internet and technology access, employment protections, and economic security) and proximal (cultural beliefs, coping strategies, clustering, pulling together, and embracing life) factors that may have helped build and foster community and mental wellness. However, this paper argues these factors did not extend, or did not extend as much, to many communities of color.ConclusionsWe argue that these disparities are due to the myriad effects of discrimination and systemic racism, encapsulated broadly by the minority stress theory, and provide suggestions for relief and research.
Evidence of different sensitivity of muscle and tendon to mechano‐metabolic stimuli
Authors: Lambrianides Yiannis , Epro Gaspar , Arampatzis Adamantios , Karamanidis Kiros 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to examine the temporal dynamics of muscle–tendon adaptation and whether differences between their sensitivity to mechano‐metabolic stimuli would lead to non‐uniform changes within the triceps surae (TS) muscle–tendon unit (MTU). Twelve young adults completed a 12‐week training intervention of unilateral isometric cyclic plantarflexion contractions at 80% of maximal voluntary contraction until failure to induce a high TS activity and hence metabolic stress. Each participant trained one limb at a short (plantarflexed position, 115°: PF) and the other at a long (dorsiflexed position, 85°: DF) MTU length to vary the mechanical load. MTU mechanical, morphological, and material properties were assessed biweekly via simultaneous ultrasonography–dynamometry and magnetic resonance imaging. Our hypothesis that tendon would be more sensitive to the operating magnitude of tendon strain but less to metabolic stress exercise was confirmed as tendon stiffness, Young's modulus, and tendon size were only increased in the DF condition following the intervention. The PF leg demonstrated a continuous increment in maximal AT strain (i.e., higher mechanical demand) over time along with lack of adaptation in its biomechanical properties. The premise that skeletal muscle adapts at a higher rate than tendon and does not require high mechanical load to hypertrophy or increase its force potential during exercise was verified as the adaptive changes in morphological and mechanical properties of the muscle did not differ between DF and PF. Such differences in muscle–tendon sensitivity to mechano‐metabolic stimuli may temporarily increase MTU imbalances that could have implications for the risk of tendon overuse injury.
A life course perspective on sexual minorities: Implications for the study of homophobic prejudice and discrimination
Authors: Miller Lisa R. , Tabor Jaclyn A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe legal treatment of and attitudes toward sexual minorities has changed considerably over recent decades in the United States, highlighting the role of historical context in the unfolding of human lives. Yet, a full application of the life course perspective to the topic of structural inequalities faced by sexual minorities is missing from the scholarly literature. Through synthesizing and analyzing research findings from the past 15 years, we explain how the five tenets of the life course framework apply to sexual minorities, including (1) the interplay of history and human lives, (2) the timing of lives, (3) linked lives, (4) human development and aging as lifelong processes, and (5) human agency. In doing so, we argue that a life course perspective is crucial for understanding the nature and consequences of prejudice and discrimination faced by sexual minorities. We end with discussion of the need for additional research and methodological innovations regarding distinctive aging experiences, cumulative inequality, and intersectionality.
Uncertainty propagation analysis for distributed hydrological forecasting using a neural network
Authors: Soares Jaqueline A. J. P. , Diniz Michael M. , Bacelar Luiz , Lima Glauston R. T. , Soares Allan K. S. , Stephany Stephan , Santos Leonardo B. L. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe last few decades have presented a significant increase in hydrological disasters, such as floods. In some countries, most of the environmental, socioeconomic, and biodiversity losses are caused by floods. Thus, flood forecasting is crucial to support an efficient disaster warning system. This work proposes a model for hydrological forecasting based on a neural network with a geographically aligned input named GeoNN. It employs weather radar data to obtain accumulated rainfall in each grid cell of the watershed and make 15‐ and 120‐min predictions of the outlet river level. An uncertainty propagation analysis was performed for GeoNN from a collection of test cases obtained by either using different schemes of the dataset partitioning or introducing different additive‐noise rates to the input data to provide a probability of flood occurrence and also an ensemble prediction. Both this probability and the ensemble were able to detect occurrences of river levels exceeding a given flood threshold.
Opportunities and challenges for financing women’s, children’s and adolescents’ health in the context of climate change
Authors: Anton Blanca , Cuevas Soledad , Hanson Mark , Bhutta Zulfiqar Ahmed , Langlois Etienne V , Iaia Domenico Gerardo , Gasparri Giulia , Borghi Josephine 
Published: April 2024

Women, children and adolescents (WCA), especially in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), will bear the worst consequences of climate change during their lifetimes, despite contributing the least to global greenhouse gas emissions. Investing in WCA can address these inequities in climate risk, as well as generating large health, economic, social and environmental gains. However, women’s, children’s and adolescents’ health (WCAH) is currently not mainstreamed in climate policies and financing. There is also a need to consider new and innovative financing arrangements that support WCAH alongside climate goals.We provide an overview of the threats climate change represents for WCA, including the most vulnerable communities, and where health and climate investments should focus. We draw on evidence to explore the opportunities and challenges for health financing, climate finance and co-financing schemes to enhance equity and protect WCAH while supporting climate goals.WCA face threats from the rising burden of ill-health and healthcare demand, coupled with constraints to healthcare provision, impacting access to essential WCAH services and rising out-of-pocket payments for healthcare. Climate change also impacts on the economic context and livelihoods of WCA, increasing the risk of displacement and migration. These impacts require additional resources to support WCAH service delivery, to ensure continuity of care and protect households from the costs of care and enhance resilience. We identify a range of financing solutions, including leveraging climate finance for WCAH, adaptive social protection for health and adaptations to purchasing to promote climate action and support WCAH care needs.
‘If you build it, they will come…to the wrong door: evaluating patient and caregiver-initiated ethics consultations via a patient portal’
Authors: Blackler Liz , Scharf Amy E , Matsoukas Konstantina , Colletti Michelle , Voigt Louis P 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK) sought to empower patients and caregivers to be more proactive in requesting ethics consultations.MethodsFunctionality was developed on MSK’s electronic patient portal that allowed patients and/or caregivers to request ethics consultations. The Ethics Consultation Service (ECS) responded to all requests, which were documented and analysed.ResultsOf the 74 requests made through the portal, only one fell under the purview of the ECS. The others were primarily requests for assistance with coordinating clinical care, hospital resources or frustrations with the hospital or clinical team.DiscussionTo better empower patients and caregivers to engage Ethics, healthcare organisations and ECSs must first provide them with accessible, understandable and iterative educational resources.ConclusionAfter 19.5 months, the ‘Request Ethics Consultation’ functionality on the patient portal was suspended. Developing resources on the role of Ethics for our patients and caregivers remains a priority.
Challenges and enablers for scaling up interventions targeting non-communicable diseases: a qualitative study applying the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research to 19 research projects worldwide
Authors: Ramani-Chander Anusha , Thrift Amanda G , van Olmen Josefien , Wouters Edwin , Delobelle Peter , Vedanthan Rajesh , Miranda J Jaime , Sherwood Stephen , Teede Helena , Joshi Rohina 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionScaling up interventions targeting non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is a global health priority, and implementation research can contribute to that effort. In 2019, the Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases funded 27 implementation research studies to improve evidence for scaling up interventions targeting prevention and/or control of hypertension and/or diabetes in low-resource settings. We examined these studies to improve the understanding of the implementation factors, including challenges and facilitators, that influence the early implementation phase of scale-up research projects targeting NCDs.MethodsThis qualitative study was undertaken between August 2020 and July 2021. 43 semi-structured interviews were conducted with project investigators, implementers and policymakers, across 19 diverse scale-up projects, being implemented in 20 countries. The transcripts were inductively, open-coded using thematic analysis. Generated themes were mapped systematically to four out of five domain categorisations of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR); the innovation domain fell outside the scope of this study.ResultsHighlighted findings using CFIR are: (i) outer setting: influence of politics, lack of coordination between government departments and differing agendas towards NCDs hindered implementation while reliable and trustworthy government connections proved useful; (ii) inner setting: commitment of resources for implementation was a challenge while research capacity, work culture and trustworthy networks facilitated implementation; (iii) individuals: high-level stakeholder support and leadership was essential; (iv) process: extensive time and efforts required for stakeholder engagement towards local contextualisation was challenging, while collaborating, joint reflection, effective communication and adaptation facilitated. COVID-19 provided both challenges and opportunities and these varied depending on the intervention characteristics and study objectives.ConclusionResearchers supporting the scale-up of complex interventions targeting NCDs need to leverage on existing trusting relationships and foster equitable stakeholder partnerships through research. Interpersonal skills and good communication are essential complements to research expertise and must be considered during capacity building.
Lower HAGOS subscale scores associated with a longer duration of groin problems in football players in the subsequent season
Authors: Harøy Joar , Bache-Mathiesen Lena Kristin , Andersen Thor Einar 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionGroin injuries represent a considerable problem in football. Although the Adductor Strengthening Programme reduced groin injury risk, players can still experience groin symptoms throughout the season. This study aimed to determine whether preseason Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) and a history of previous injury can identify individuals at risk of having a longer duration of groin problems the subsequent season, using an ‘any physical complaint’ definition of injury.MethodsPreseason HAGOS score and weekly groin problems were registered with the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Overuse questionnaire during one full season in 632 male semiprofessional adult players.ResultsThe prognostic model showed a decreased number of weeks with groin problems for each increase in HAGOS score for ‘groin-related quality of life’ (QOL) (IRR=0.99, p=0.003). A 10-point higher ‘QOL’ score predicted 10% fewer weeks of groin problems. Additionally, previous hip/groin injury was associated with a 74% increase in the number of weeks with symptoms (p<0.001).ConclusionThe HAGOS questionnaire applied preseason can detect players at risk of getting more weeks with groin problems the following season. The ‘QOL’ subscale seems to be the superior subscale for estimating subsequent groin problem duration. While HAGOS appears promising in identifying players at risk, previous groin injury is the most robust indicator, showing a substantial 74% increase in weeks with symptoms.
Postsurgical opioid prescribing among veterans using community care for orthopedic surgery at non-VA hospitals compared to a VA hospital with a transitional pain service: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Buys Michael Jacob , Anderson Zachary , Bayless Kimberlee , Zhang Chong , Presson Angela P , Hales Julie , Brooke Benjamin Sands 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundThe USA provides medical services to its military veterans through Veterans Health Administration (VHA) medical centers. Passage of recent legislation has increased the number of veterans having VHA-paid orthopedic surgery at non-VHA facilities.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study among veterans who underwent orthopedic joint surgery paid for by the VHA either at the Salt Lake City VHA Medical Center (VAMC) or at non-VHA hospitals between January 2018 and December 2021. 562 patients were included in the study, of which 323 used a non-VHA hospital and 239 patients the VAMC. The number of opioid tablets prescribed at discharge, the total number prescribed by postdischarge day 90, and the number of patients still filling opioid prescriptions between 90 and 120 days after surgery were compared between groups.ResultsVeterans who underwent orthopedic surgery at a non-VHA hospital were prescribed more opioid tablets at discharge (median (IQR)); (40 (30–60) non-VHA vs 30 (20–47.5) VAMC, p<0.001) and in the first 90 days after surgery than patients who had surgery at the Salt Lake City VAMC (60 (40–120) vs 35 (20–60), p<0.001). Patients who had surgery at Salt Lake City VAMC were also significantly less likely to fill opioid prescriptions past 90 days after hospital discharge (OR (95% CI) 0.06 (0.01 to 0.48), p=0.007).ConclusionThese results suggest that veterans who have surgery at a veterans affairs hospital with a transitional pain service are at lower risk for larger opioid prescriptions both at discharge and within 90 days after surgery as well as persistent opioid use beyond 90 days after discharge than if they have surgery at a community hospital.
Spatiotemporal changes in imaging features associated with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH)
Authors: Fournier Dale E. , Battie Michele C. , Séguin Cheryle A. 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesThe purpose of our study was to characterise spatiotemporal features of disease progression in people with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH), early-phase DISH, and those not meeting either criterion who had repeated CT scans of the thoracic spine.MethodsA retrospective study was designed in collaboration with theRochester Epidemiology Projectto evaluate completeness of ectopic bridging across the thoracic spine and corresponding disease status over an average of 2.7 years (range from 0.2 to 15.0 years) in a cohort of 83 female and 74 male individuals.ResultsOver 15% of individuals displayed changes in imaging features over time that resulted in a revised diagnosis along the continuum of DISH. Early-phase DISH was marked by new involvement of previously unaffected motion segments, estimated to occur over 2.1 years. Advanced presentations of DISH were marked by increased prevalence of complete bridging (average two of three available motion segments), estimated to occur over 2.6–2.9 years. Localised nodules of ectopic mineralisation external to and within the intervertebral disc were regularly observed in early-phase DISH.ConclusionsThis is the first characterisation of spatiotemporal features across all phases of DISH, indicating that progression of DISH is characterised by distinct features at different phases along the disease continuum. Localised nodules of mineralisation in the spinal ligaments and within the intervertebral discs coincident with early phases of the disease may be a key factor in the pathogenesis of DISH.
Subleading power corrections for event shape variables in $$e^+ e^-$$ annihilation
Authors: Buonocore Luca , Grazzini Massimiliano , Guadagni Flavio , Rottoli Luca 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe consider subleading power corrections to event shape variables in $$e^+e^-$$

e
+

e
-

collisions at the first order in the QCD coupling $$\alpha _{\textrm{S}}$$

α
S

. We start from the jettiness variable $$\tau _2$$

τ
2

and the $$y_{23}$$

y
23

resolution variable for the $$k_T$$

k
T

jet clustering algorithm and we analytically compute the corresponding cumulative cross section. We investigate the origin of the different power suppressed contributions in the two-jet limit and trace it back to their different coverage of the phase space. We extend our analysis to the case of thrust and of the C-parameter, and we finally discuss a class of observables that depend on a continuous parameter giving different weight to central and forward emissions and we evaluate the corresponding subleading power corrections.