bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response of New Cultivars to Early Postemergence Chlorimuron Applications1
Authors: Wehtje G. , Grey T. L. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Field studies were conducted in Alabama and Georgia in 2002 and 2003 to determine whether the peanut cultivar that replaced the cultivar Florunner can tolerate earlier applications of the herbicide chlorimuron than what is registered. The application timing restriction of chlorimuron on peanut had been established in the late 1980s with Florunner. In a factorial treatment arrangement, the cultivars AT201, Georgia Green, Viragard, C99R, and Florunner were treated with chlorimuron at 8.75 g ai/ha at 5, 7, 9, or 11 wk after planting. Only the later two application timings are covered by the current registration. Across all 4 yr-location replications, yield was influenced by the main effect of peanut cultivar. C99R was consistently the highest yielding cultivar. Chlorimuron had no effect on yield, regardless of application timing when compared to the nontreated entries in three of the four repetitions (i.e. Plains 2002, Plains 2003, and Headland 2002). Cultivar-based chlorimuron tolerance differences were detected only at Headland in 2003. For this location, chlorimuron applied at 5 wk after planting reduced yield across all cultivars, while application at 7, 9, and 11 WAP had no effect on yield. Results indicate that chlorimuron possesses a yield-reducing risk only when the crop has been stressed by other factors. Assuming that the crop has been stressed, the potential of yield reduction can be avoided only by observing the currently registered application timing. No clear indication was obtained that one cultivar was more tolerant to chlorimuron than another cultivar.
Evaluation of Post-harvest Aflatoxin Production in Peanut Germplasm with Resistance to Seed Colonization and Pre-harvest Aflatoxin Contamination
Authors: Xue H. Q. , Isleib T. G. , Payne G. A. , OBrian G. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Contamination of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) with aflatoxin produced by species of Aspergillus remains a problem for the U.S. peanut industry. Several peanut genotypes were reported to be resistant to in vitro seed colonization by Aspergillus flavus Link ex Fries (IVSCAF), to field seed colonization by A. flavus (FSCAF), or to preharvest aflatoxin contamination (PAC), but few to production of aflatoxin per se. Cotyledons of 39 peanut genotypes reportedly resistant to IVSCAF, FSCAF, or PAC, and eight susceptible to PAC were evaluated in four tests for their ability to support aflatoxin production after inoculation with A. flavus. Cultivars Perry and Gregory were used as checks in each test. Seed cotyledons were separated, manually blanched, inoculated with conidia of A. flavus, placed on moistened filter paper in petri dishes, and incubated for 8 d at 28 C. Dishes were arranged on plastic trays enclosed in plastic bags and stacked with PVC spacers between trays. Incomplete block designs were used for all tests. In each test, none of the genotypes examined was completely resistant to aflatoxin production, but significant genotypic variation was observed in the amount of total aflatoxin accumulated in seeds. Genotypes previously reported to be resistant to IVSCAF, FSCAF, or PAC exhibited differential abilities to support aflatoxin production. PI 590325, PI 590299, PI 290626, and PI 337409 supported reduced levels of aflatoxin, and their degree of resistance was consistent across tests. Fungal growth was highly correlated with aflatoxin production in three tests. The results from this study suggested that there were no absolute relationships of aflatoxin production resistance with IVSCAF, FSCAF, or PAC resistance, but that it should be possible to identify a genotype with high IVSCAF, FSCAF, or PAC resistance and reduced capacity for aflatoxin production by A. flavus.
Imagining Rural Audiences in Remote Western Australia
Authors: Green Lelia 
Published: June 2010

In 1979, Australia’s then-Communication Minister Tony Staley commented that the introduction of satellite communications to the bush would “dispel the distance – mental as well as geographical – between urban and regional dwellers, between the haves and the have-nots in a communication society” (Staley 1979: 2225, 2228-9). In saying this, Staley imagined a marginalised and disadvantaged audience of “have-nots”, paying for their isolation in terms of their mental distance from the networked communications of the core.
This paper uses ethnographic audience studies surveys and interviews (1986-9) to examine the validity of Staley’s imaginations in terms of four communication technologies: the telephone, broadcast radio, 2-way radio and the satellite. The notion of a mental difference is highly problematic for the remote audience. Inso-far as a perception of lack and of difference is accepted, it is taken to reflect the perspective and the product of the urban policy-maker.
Far from accepting the “distance” promulgated from the core, remote audiences see such statements as indicating an ignorance of the complexity and sophistication of communications in an environment where the stakes are higher and the options fewer. This is not to say that remote people were not keen to acquire satellite services – they were – it is to say that when they imagined such services it was in terms of equity and interconnections, rather than the “dispelling of distance”.
E-Learning in der Nuklearmedizin
Authors: Nattland A. , Jonas G. , Beyer T. , Bockisch A. , Freudenberg L. S. 
Published: June 2010

Summary
Aim: To assess available e-learning concepts and programmes for nuclear medicine at university hospitals in Germany. Methods: All (34) departments of nuclear medicine at German university hospitals were asked to participate in an anonymized online survey. Questions were categorized into four topics: 1.) clinic and education; 2.) on-site strategies for e-learning; 3.) available e-learning offers and 4.) free text comments on experiences and expectations. All input was reviewed descriptively; free text was analyzed analytically. Results: The response rate was 56% (19/34). 13/19 responses indicated well-defined e-learning strategies, mainly to support frontal teaching courses. Future e-learning perspectives focus on clinical case studies with sufficient imaging materials. Only 7/19 university hospitals operate a centralized e-learning platform (e. g. Moodle). The acceptance of the available e-learning options by the students is considered relatively poor. Conclusions: Today e-learning concepts for nuclear medicine are available at selected university hospitals only. All responders wish to expand on e-learning but many report the lack of administrative support to do so. These data could be regarded as a basis for discussions of inter-university teaching scenarios.
The hydrostatic gradient, not light availability, drives height‐related variation in Sequoia sempervirens (Cupressaceae) leaf anatomy
Authors: Oldham Alana R. , Sillett Stephen C. , Tomescu Alexandru M. F. , Koch George W. 
Published: June 2010

• Premise of the study: Leaves at the tops of most trees are smaller, thicker, and in many other ways different from leaves on the lowermost branches. This height‐related variation in leaf structure has been explained as acclimation to differing light environments and, alternatively, as a consequence of hydrostatic, gravitational constraints on turgor pressure that reduce leaf expansion.• Methods: To separate hydrostatic effects from those of light availability, we used anatomical analysis of height‐paired samples from the inner and outer tree crowns of tall redwoods (Sequoia sempervirens).• Key results: Height above the ground correlates much more strongly with leaf anatomy than does light availability. Leaf length, width, and mesophyll porosity all decrease linearly with height and help explain increases in leaf‐mass‐to‐area ratio and decreases in both photosynthetic capacity and internal gas‐phase conductance with increasing height. Two functional traits—leaf thickness and transfusion tissue—also increase with height and may improve water‐stress tolerance. Transfusion tissue area increases enough that whole‐leaf vascular volume does not change significantly with height in most trees. Transfusion tracheids become deformed with height, suggesting they may collapse under water stress and act as a hydraulic buffer that improves leaf water status and reduces the likelihood of xylem dysfunction.• Conclusions: That such variation in leaf structure may be caused more by gravity than by light calls into question use of the terms “sun” and “shade” to describe leaves at the tops and bottoms of tall tree crowns.
Deterrents to Nurses’ Participation in Continuing Professional Development: An Integrative Literature Review
Authors: Schweitzer Donna J. , Krassa Teresa J. 
Published: June 2010

Background:
Continuing education (CE) helps nurses keep their practice safe and current. Although the literature provides information about motivating strategies, learning styles and settings, and reinforcement of the need to update skills, little research has focused on barriers to nurses’ CE program attendance. This literature review describes factors that deter nurses’ CE attendance.

Methods:
Ten research studies published between 1990 and 2008 addressing barriers to nurses’ CE participation were located.

Results:
The most frequent deterrents found were the cost of attending CE, inability to get time off from work to attend CE, and child care and home responsibilities.

Conclusion:
Leaders supporting CE must understand factors that motivate and prevent nurses from participating in CE. Implications from this study can assist educators to develop CE offerings to better meet staff needs and increase participation.
Online Learning to Improve Hand Hygiene Knowledge and Compliance Among Health Care Workers
Authors: Alemagno Sonia A. , Guten Sharon M. , Warthman Shawn , Young Elizabeth , Mackay David S. 
Published: June 2010

Background:
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention published a hand hygiene guideline for health care workers. The emergence of online learning approaches has introduced new opportunities for providing continuing education regarding hand hygiene.

Methods:
This study assessed the effectiveness of an online continuing education program in increasing health care workers’ knowledge of hand hygiene practices and guidelines and promoting behavioral change as measured by self-assessment of adherence to guidelines. A total of 256 health care workers at two hospitals completed all three sessions of the online continuing education program.

Results:
Health care workers reported a significant improvement in hand hygiene knowledge and self-assessed compliance with hand hygiene behaviors. Most (97%) of the participating health care workers reported that the program was effective in improving clinical compliance behaviors.

Conclusion:
The results of this study indicated that individual health care workers can and will use self-assessment to prompt improvement in hand hygiene.
Alcohol and Substance Use Disorders in the Geriatric Psychiatry Inpatient
Authors: Klimstra Sibel , Mahgoub Nahla 
Published: June 2010

CME Educational Objectives

1.
Review the clinical manifestations of substance use disorders in the elderly.

2.
Discuss the management of inpatient substance use disorders in the elderly.

3.
Summarize the treatment recommendations for substance use disorders in the elderly.
Ongoing Home-based Psychiatric Treatment for the Home-bound Elderly and Physically Disabled
Authors: Isaac George 
Published: June 2010

CME Educational Objectives

1.
Name the practical aspects of home-based psychiatric treatment for the home-bound patient population.

2.
Define the common problems encountered in home-based psychiatric treatment and the complexities involved in trying to solve these problems.

3.
Describe the advantages, for patient and practitioner, of home-based psychiatric treatment.
Sex Differences in Head Acceleration During Heading While Wearing Soccer Headgear
Authors: Tierney Ryan T. , Higgins Michael , Caswell Shane V. , Brady Jessica , McHardy Krista , Driban Jeffrey B. , Darvish Kurosh 
Published: June 2010

AbstractContext:Researchers have indicated that female soccer players may be at greater risk of concussion compared with their male counterparts. Soccer headgear is marketed for reducing head acceleration and risk of concussion.Objective:To determine the effect of sex and soccer headgear on head impact kinematics and dynamic stabilization during soccer heading.Design:Cross-sectional design.Setting:Research laboratory.Patients or Other Participants:Forty-four college-aged soccer players (29 women, 15 men).Intervention(s):Using a head impact model, participants performed 4 soccer headers under 3 headgear conditions (control, Head Blast Soccer Band, and Full90 Select Performance Headguard).Main Outcome Measure(s):Dependent variables assessed before soccer heading were head-neck anthropometrics and isometric neck muscle strength, and those assessed during soccer headers were resultant linear head acceleration, Head Injury Criteria (HIC36), and superficial neck muscle electromyography. Statistical analyses included multivariate and univariate analyses of variance with repeated measures, independent-samples t tests, appropriate follow-up analyses of variance and post hoc t tests, and Pearson product moment correlations (α  =  .05).Results:Head acceleration in women was 32% and 44% greater than in men when wearing the Head Blast (21.5 g versus 16.3 g) and Full90 Select (21.8 g versus 15.2 g), respectively (P &lt; .05). Compared with men, women exhibited 10% greater head accelerations (20.2 g versus 18.2 g) during the control condition (P  =  .164).Conclusions:Female soccer players exhibited greater head accelerations than their male counterparts when wearing headgear. Our results are important clinically because they indicate that soccer headgear may not be an appropriate head injury prevention tool for all athletes.
Leg Immersion in Warm Water, Stretch-Shortening Exercise, and Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage
Authors: Skurvydas Albertas , Kamandulis Sigitas , Stanislovaitis Aleksas , Streckis Vytautas , Mamkus Gediminas , Drazdauskas Adomas 
Published: June 2010

Abstract

Context:
Whether muscle warming protects against exercise-induced muscle damage is unknown.

Objective:
To determine the effect of leg immersion in warm water before stretch-shortening exercise on the time course of indirect markers of exercise-induced muscle damage.

Design:
Crossover trial.

Setting:
Human kinetics laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:
Eleven healthy, untrained men (age  =  21.5 ± 1.7 years).

Intervention(s):
Participants' legs were immersed in a water bath at 44 ± 1°C for 45 minutes.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Creatine kinase changes in the blood, muscle soreness, prolonged (within 72 hours) impairment in maximal voluntary contraction force and height of drop jump, and electrically evoked muscle force at low and high stimulation frequencies at short and long muscle lengths.

Results:
Leg immersion in warm water before stretch-shortening exercise reduced most of the indirect markers of exercise-induced muscle damage, including creatine kinase activity in the blood, muscle soreness, maximal voluntary contraction force, and jump height. The values for maximal voluntary contraction force and jump height, however, were higher during prewarming than for the control condition at 48 hours after stretch-shortening exercise, but this difference was only minor at other time points. Muscle prewarming did not bring about any changes in the dynamics of low-frequency fatigue, registered at either short or long muscle length, within 72 hours of stretch-shortening exercise.

Conclusions:
Leg immersion in warm water before stretch-shortening exercise reduced most of the indirect markers of exercise-induced muscle damage. However, the clinical application of muscle prewarming may be limited, because decreasing muscle damage did not necessarily lead to improved voluntary performance.
Presence of Metabolic Syndrome in Football Linemen
Authors: Buell Jackie L. , Calland Doug , Hanks Fiona , Johnston Bruce , Pester Benjamin , Sweeney Robert , Thorne Robert 
Published: June 2010

Abstract

Context:
Metabolic syndrome is a clustering of symptoms associated with abdominal obesity that demonstrates a high risk for cardiovascular disease and type II diabetes mellitus.

Objective:
To evaluate football linemen in National Collegiate Athletic Association Divisions I, II, and III schools for the presence of metabolic syndrome according to the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute criteria as well as to document other related biomarkers.

Design:
Cross-sectional descriptive study.

Setting:
Three university locations on the first full day of football camp in early morning.

Patients or Other Participants:
Of 76 football linemen, 70 were able to provide blood samples.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Height, mass, blood pressure, upper-body skinfolds, and waist circumference were measured at various stations. Two small venous samples of blood were collected and analyzed in a hospital laboratory for fasting insulin, glucose, high-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein, and glycosylated hemoglobin. The last station was a verbal family history for cardiovascular disease and diabetes; also, athletes filled out a nutrition attitudes questionnaire.

Results:
Of the 70 athletes, 34 were identified as having metabolic syndrome according to measures of blood pressure, waist circumference, fasting glucose, high-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides. The mean total cholesterol-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio for the group was 4.95, with 32 participants displaying values higher than 5.0. Twelve volunteers had total cholesterol levels greater than 200 mmol/L, 15 had high levels of C-reactive protein, and 9 had slightly elevated levels of glycosylated hemoglobin.

Conclusions:
Although athletes might be assumed to be protected from risks of cardiovascular disease, we found a high incidence of metabolic syndrome and other associated adverse biomarkers for heart disease in collegiate football linemen. Early screening, awareness, and intervention may have favorable effects on the overall health outcomes of football linemen.
Self-Reported Health and Fitness Habits of Certified Athletic Trainers
Authors: Groth Jessica J. , Ayers Suzan F. , Miller Michael G. , Arbogast William D. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract

Context:
As health care providers, certified athletic trainers (ATs) should be role models for healthy behaviors.

Objective:
To analyze the self-reported health and fitness habits of ATs.

Design:
A cross-sectional, cluster random sample.

Setting:
Online questionnaire.

Patients or Other Participants:
Of a sampling frame of 1000 potential participants, 275 ATs completed the questionnaire.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Health habits and activity were based on a typical 7-day week.

Results:
A total of 41% of the participants met the exercise recommendations of the American College of Sports Medicine; 7% reported being sedentary. Differences were noted between the sexes for fitness habits (P &lt; .035) and composite health score (P &lt; .001). None of the ATs reported meeting the Daily Reference Intake for all 5 food groups. Seven percent of female ATs consumed more alcohol than recommended, compared with 2% of males. However, 80% of males and 93% of females reported consuming 5 or fewer drinks per week. Only 0.8% reported currently smoking.

Conclusions:
This sample of ATs had better health and fitness habits than the general population but did not meet professional recommendations set forth by the American College of Sports Medicine or the United States Department of Agriculture. Thus, these ATs were not ideal role models in demonstrating healthy behaviors.
National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Environmental Cold Injuries
Authors: Cappaert Thomas A. , Stone Jennifer A. , Castellani John W. , Krause Bentley Andrew , Smith Daniel , Stephens Bradford A. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjective:To present recommendations for the prevention, recognition, and treatment of environmental cold injuries.Background:Individuals engaged in sport-related or work-related physical activity in cold, wet, or windy conditions are at risk for environmental cold injuries. An understanding of the physiology and pathophysiology, risk management, recognition, and immediate care of environmental cold injuries is an essential skill for certified athletic trainers and other health care providers working with individuals at risk.Recommendations:These recommendations are intended to provide certified athletic trainers and others participating in athletic health care with the specific knowledge and problem-solving skills needed to address environmental cold injuries. Each recommendation has been graded (A, B, or C) according to the Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy criterion scale.
Fluid Consumption and Sweating in National Football League and Collegiate Football Players With Different Access to Fluids During Practice
Authors: Godek Sandra Fowkes , Bartolozzi Arthur R. , Peduzzi Chris , Heinerichs Scott , Garvin Eugene , Sugarman Eric , Burkholder Richard 
Published: June 2010

AbstractContext:Considerable controversy regarding fluid replacement during exercise currently exists.Objective:To compare fluid turnover between National Football League (NFL) players who have constant fluid access and collegiate football players who replace fluids during water breaks in practices.Design:Observational study.Setting:Respective preseason training camps of 1 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division II (DII) football team and 1 NFL football team. Both morning and afternoon practices for DII players were 2.25 hours in length, and NFL players practiced for 2.25 hours in the morning and 1 hour in the afternoon. Environmental conditions did not differ.Patients or Other Participants:Eight NFL players (4 linemen, 4 backs) and 8 physically matched DII players (4 linemen, 4 backs) participated.Intervention(s):All players drank fluids only from their predetermined individual containers. The NFL players could consume both water and sports drinks, and the DII players could only consume water.Main Outcome Measure(s):We measured fluid consumption, sweat rate, total sweat loss, and percentage of sweat loss replaced. Sweat rate was calculated as change in mass adjusted for fluids consumed and urine produced.Results:Mean sweat rate was not different between NFL (2.1 ± 0.25 L/h) and DII (1.8 ± 0.15 L/h) players (F1,12  =  2, P  =  .18) but was different between linemen (2.3 ± 0.2 L/h) and backs (1.6 ± 0.2 L/h) (t14  =  3.14, P  =  .007). We found no differences between NFL and DII players in terms of percentage of weight loss (t7  =  −0.03, P  =  .98) or rate of fluid consumption (t7  =  −0.76, P  =  .47). Daily sweat loss was greater in DII (8.0 ± 2.0 L) than in NFL (6.4 ± 2.1 L) players (t7  =  −3, P  =  .02), and fluid consumed was also greater in DII (5.0 ± 1.5 L) than in NFL (4.0 ± 1.1 L) players (t7  =  −2.8, P  =  .026). We found a correlation between sweat loss and fluids consumed (r  =  0.79, P &lt; .001).Conclusions:During preseason practices, the DII players drinking water at water breaks replaced the same volume of fluid (66% of weight lost) as NFL players with constant access to both water and sports drinks.
The Weak Type (1, 1) Estimates of Maximal Functions on the Laguerre Hypergroup
Authors: Huang Jizheng , Heping Liu 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we discuss various maximal functions on the Laguerre hypergroup K including the heat maximal function, the Poisson maximal function, and the Hardy–Littlewood maximal function which is consistent with the structure of hypergroup of K. We shall establish the weak type (1, 1) estimates for these maximal functions. The Lp estimates for p > 1 follow fromthe interpolation. Some applications are included.