bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative study on the synergistic activities of fractions and crude essential oil of Syzygium aromaticum
Authors: Awojide Shola Hezekiah , Fadunmade Ezekiel Olumide , Adegboye Adeola Adepeju , Oyewole Kehinde Adenike , Adedotun Ifeoluwa Samuel , Adeyemo Abayomi Gideon , Ayeni Jesutofunmi Victoria 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Syzygium aromaticum has been used for over a century because it has biological qualities for several health-related problems, and the crude essential oils are known to contain several components that could be responsible for synergistic or antagonistic potentials in relation to their biological uses. The study was designed to compare the biological activities of the crude essential oil from the bud of Syzygium aromaticum and fractions obtained from column chromatography.

Materials and methods
The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation, and two prominent fractions, C1 and C2, were obtained from the column chromatography separation of the crude essential oil. The quantitative phytochemical analysis was done by standard methods, the antioxidant activity was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) scavenging assays. The antifungal activities were assessed by the agar diffusion method, while the anti-inflammatory activity was done using a lipoxygenase inhibitory assay. The major component observed in the crude and fractions was determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis.

Results
The phytochemical analysis showed that phenolic acid, tannin, saponin, flavonoids, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, and terpenoids were present in variable quantities in all of the fractions and crude essential oil. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value for DPPH scavenging activity ranged from 226.1 to 301.2 µg/mL while that of ABTS scavenging activity ranged from 211.0 to 316.0 µg/mL. The lowest value of IC50 for both DPPH and ABTS was observed in fraction C1. The crude essential oil with a minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) value of 8.00 mg/mL was the most efficient against Candida albicans, Aspergillus penicillum, and Aspergillus niger. The anti-inflammatory assay showed C1 to have the lowest value of IC50 for the lipoxygenase assay. The major component observed in the crude essential oil as well as fraction C1 was eugenol, while fraction C2 had β-caryophyllene as the major component.

Conclusions
The result showed that all fractions as well as the crude essential oil exhibited antioxidant, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory activities, and the crude essential oil was synergic only with respect to its antifungal activity, while fraction C1 was more efficient as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent.
Revisiting VR training in developmental disorders, is it a friend or foe? A scoping systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: AbdelMassih Antoine Fakhry , AlHammadi Waad I. , AlHosani Hind A. , AlHosani Sara , AlHammadi Fatima , AlShehhi Shooq A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Immersive and non-immersive VR technology has been increasingly employed in training. This has encouraged physicians working in skill development to try using it to improve the learning, emotional recognition, and social skills of various disorders. This study aimed to explore the controlled trials employing VR in autism, ADHD, and dyslexia.

Methodology
A literature review has been conducted, on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Any controlled trial in the pediatric age group, involving the comparison of VR training with other types of therapies in autism, ADHD, and dyslexia was included.

Results
Only 4 controlled trials were identified, comprising a total of 208 patients, with ages ranging from 6 to 16 years. Out of these studies, two involved patients with autism, one with ADHD, and one with dyslexia. VR was successful in improving emotional recognition but not social interaction in autism. All trials did not mention thoroughly possible complications of prolonged use of VR.

Short conclusion
Despite being a promising technology, there is still a long road to prove the validity of using VR in skills development. Few controlled trials have been tailored to explore VR advantages over conventional training and therapies, most of them have a limited sample size, a short training course, and no mention of possible setbacks, such as ocular effects and social isolation.
The Effects of Various Approaches to Lobectomies on Respiratory Muscle Strength, Diaphragm Thickness, and Exercise Capacity in Lung Cancer
Authors: Sirakaya Funda , Calik Kutukcu Ebru , Onur Mehmet Ruhi , Dikmen Erkan , Kumbasar Ulas , Uysal Serkan , Dogan Riza 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
The most common surgery for non-small cell lung cancer is lobectomy, which can be performed through either thoracotomy or video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS). Insufficient research has examined respiratory muscle function and exercise capacity in lobectomy performed using conventional thoracotomy (CT), muscle-sparing thoracotomy (MST), or VATS. This study aimed to assess and compare respiratory muscle strength, diaphragm thickness, and exercise capacity in lobectomy using CT, MST, and VATS.

Methods
The primary outcomes were changes in respiratory muscle strength, diaphragm thickness, and exercise capacity. Maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) were recorded for respiratory muscle strength. The 6-min walk test (6MWT) was used to assess functional exercise capacity. Diaphragm thickness was measured using B-mode ultrasound.

Results
The study included 42 individuals with lung cancer who underwent lobectomy via CT (n = 14), MST (n = 14), or VATS (n = 14). Assessments were performed on the day before surgery and on postoperative day 20 (range 17–25 days). The decrease in MIP (p < 0.001), MEP (p = 0.003), 6MWT (p < 0.001) values were lower in the VATS group than in the CT group. The decrease in 6MWT distance was lower in the MST group than in the CT group (p = 0.012). No significant differences were found among the groups in terms of diaphragmatic muscle thickness (p > 0.05).

Conclusion
The VATS technique appears superior to the CT technique in terms of preserving respiratory muscle strength and functional exercise capacity. Thoracic surgeons should refer patients to physiotherapists before lobectomy, especially patients undergoing CT. If lobectomy with VATS will be technically difficult, MST may be an option preferable to CT because of its impact on exercise capacity.
Fibrostricturing Crohn's Disease Is Marked by an Increase in Active Eosinophils in the Deeper Layers
Authors: Jacobs Inge , Ke Bo-Jun , Ceulemans Matthias , Cremer Jonathan , D'Hoore André , Bislenghi Gabriele , Matteoli Gianluca , De Hertogh Gert , Sabino João , Ferrante Marc , Vermeire Séverine , Breynaert Christine , Vanuytsel Tim , Verstockt Bram 
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Approximately 50% of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) develop intestinal strictures necessitating surgery. The immune cell distribution in these strictures remains uncharacterized. We aimed to identify the immune cells in intestinal strictures of patients with CD.

METHODS:
During ileocolonic resections, transmural sections of terminal ileum were sampled from 25 patients with CD and 10 non-inflammatory bowel disease controls. Macroscopically unaffected, fibrostenotic, and inflamed ileum was collected and analyzed for immune cell distribution (flow cytometry) and protein expression. Collagen deposition was assessed through a Masson Trichrome staining. Eosinophil and fibroblast colocalization was assessed through immunohistochemistry.

RESULTS:
The Masson Trichrome staining confirmed augmented collagen deposition in both the fibrotic and the inflamed regions, though with a significant increased collagen deposition in the fibrotic compared with inflamed tissue. Distinct Th1, Th2, regulatory T cells, dendritic cells, and monocytes were identified in fibrotic and inflamed CD ileum compared with unaffected ileum of patients with CD as non-inflammatory bowel disease controls. Only minor differences were observed between fibrotic and inflamed tissue, with more active eosinophils in fibrotic deeper layers and increased eosinophil cationic protein expression in inflamed deeper layers. Last, no differences in eosinophil and fibroblast colocalization were observed between the different regions.

DISCUSSION:
This study characterized immune cell distribution and protein expression in fibrotic and inflamed ileal tissue of patients with CD. Immunologic, proteomic, and histological data suggest inflammation and fibrosis are intertwined, with a large overlap between both tissue types. However strikingly, we did identify an increased presence of active eosinophils only in the fibrotic deeper layers, suggesting their potential role in fibrosis development.
A Novel Trichothecene Metabolite from Myrothecium cinctum 910 and its Biological Activity
Authors: Tsyhanenko K.S. , Pavlychenko A.K. , Andrienko O.V. , Savchuk Ya.I. 
Published: April 2024

Fungi of the Myrothecium genus are well-known producers of macrocyclic trichothecenes, characterized by the acute toxic effect on warm-blooded organisms and fungicidal action against a wide range of fungi. At the same time, as established by us earlier, M. cinctum (current name Striaticonidium cinctum) 910 shows a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity: along with antifungal activity against mycelial, yeast-like and phytopathogenic test-cultures it strongly inhibited the growth of gram-positive test-strains and to lesser extend – the growth of gram-negative and phytopathogenic bacteria. This strain also revealed significant phytotoxic potential suppressing the growth of green algae Chlorella strains. The aim of the work was to isolate, to purify and to obtain in crystalline form the biological active metabolites of M. cinctum 910 and to study their physicochemical characteristics and biological activity. Methods. To obtain biologically active metabolites in the purified crystalline form, the extraction followed by separation by column chromatography and recrystallization was used; physicochemical methods and microbiological tests were used for characterization of their properties. Results. Three substances which showed the wide spectrum of biological activity to indicator test-cultures were obtained in crystalline form: preparation МС910 with high antibiotic activity and preparations from fractions 8/2 and 9 with high antifungal and phytotoxic activities. Taking into account the data of spectroscopy in the UV-range of spectrum, of spectrums of antibiotic activity and of qualitative reaction with 4-(4-nitrobenzyl)pyridine, it can be concluded that active fractions 8/2 and 9 contain macrocyclic trichothecenes whereas the metabolite МС910 (which is proved by data of IR-spectroscopy) belongs to simple trichothecenes – substances like to macrocyclic trichothecenes but without macrocyclic fragment in their structure. Conclusions. Antibiotic properties of M. cinctum 910 are due to the complex of biological active metabolites with different biological and physicochemical properties. In view on the biological activity of MC910, it can be argued that it has atypical for trichothecenes, including macrocyclc trichothecenes, antibacterial properties as well as it is non-toxic and does not reveal dermatocidal activity in studied concentrations. Therefore, we assume that MC910 is new, not described earlier metabolite of trichothecene nature, which needs further studies. At the same time, active metabolites from fractions 8/2 and 9 are represented by macrocyclic trichothecenes, which is also indicated by the spectra of their biological activity.
Non-Pigmented Antarctic Yeasts and Their Resistance to Toxic Metals
Authors: Gladka G.V. , Hovorukha V.M. , Havryliuk О.А. , Bida I.O. , Yastremska L.S. , Tashyrev O.B. 
Published: April 2024

Despite the key role in biogeochemical processes and in the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems, yeasts of Antarctic regions still remain insufficiently studied. The study and analysis of the composition of Antarctic microbial communities remains relevant and is carried out using molecular biological approaches. The investigation of their resistance to toxic metal ions is essential to select industrially promising strains that can contribute to the development of new methods of metals detoxification via microorganisms. Aim. To determine the taxonomic position of non-pigmented Antarctic yeasts and investigate their resistance to toxic metal ions. Methods. The objects of the research are yeasts isolated from Antarctic phytocenoses. They were grown on malt wort (pH 5.0–5.5, temperature 18–20 °C). Isolation of genomic DNA was performed via the commercial DNA-sorb kit. Amplification of DNA was carried out using primers NL1 and NL4. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted by construction of trees (dendrograms) showing the position of the studied strains among closely related and typical species. The resistance of yeasts to toxic metal ions was established by cultivation in the concentration gradient of Ni2+, Co2+, CrO42-, and Сu2+. The ecophysiological traits of the isolated yeast strains including psychro- and halotolerance were determined. Results. Phylogenetic analysis showed a high percentage of similarity (99.5–99.6 %) of sequences of 18S rRNA genes of Antarctic yeast strains with the yeast sequences from the GenBank database. Psychrotolerant and halotolerant Antarctic yeast strains S11 and S12 were identified as Leucosporidium scottii and Debaryomyces hansenii, respectively. The studied yeast strains were found to be the most resistant to metal ions Ni2+ and Co2+. Strain of L. scottii S11 grew at 800 mg/L of Co2+, and D. hansenii S12 – at 750 mg/L of Ni2+. The yeasts were the least resistant to CrO42-: the L. scottii S11 and D. hansenii S12 strains grew at concentrations of 25 mg/L and 150 mg/L, respectively. In the presence of Cu2+, they grew at the same concentration – 600 mg/L. The combined action of toxic metal ions resulted in the increased toxic effects on the studied yeasts. Conclusions. The nucleotide sequences of 18S rRNA gene fragment of yeast strains S11 and S12 were included in the GenBank database under the numbers LT220858 and LT220859. Metal-resistant psychrotolerant yeast strains can be used to evaluate the metals content in polar regions as well as to bioremediate metal-contaminated ecosystems. However, further research is needed to develop and optimize bioremediation processes.
Contribuições da Geração Fotovoltaica no Alcance dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável
Authors: Scolari Bruno Sabino , Strauhs Faimara do Rocio 
Published: April 2024

Na busca pela sustentabilidade energética a energia solar fotovoltaica (FV) vem se destacando como uma solução para promover o desenvolvimento sustentável do setor. À medida que a tecnologia FV se expande surge a necessidade de estudos que avaliem como esse novo mercado afeta a busca pela sustentabilidade ambiental, social e econômica. Seguindo uma abordagem interdisciplinar, e baseado no paradigma epistemológico da Design Science, o objetivo do presente estudo foi levantar as contribuições da geração distribuída fotovoltaica para o alcance de cada um dos dezessete Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS). Para tanto caracterizou-se, por meio de revisão sistemática da literatura – RSL, o estado da arte a respeito do tema. Subsidiados pela RSL e apoiados na literatura de base sobre o assunto, elaborou-se um quadro descritivo das contribuições da geração FV para o alcance de cada um dos ODS. A seguir a relevância das contribuições levantadas para o alcance de cada ODS foi avaliada quantitativamente. Identificou-se que a geração FV contribui para o alcance de todos os ODS, sendo que essa contribuição possui maior ou menor relevância dependendo do ODS considerado. Verificou-se que ela é de relevância intrínseca para o alcance do ODS 7 – Energia Limpa e Renovável, do ODS 11 – Cidades e Comunidades Sustentáveis e do ODS 13 – Ação Contra Mudança Global do Clima. Este estudo se apresenta como um passo na direção de um melhor entendimento eco socioeconômico da geração FV, de modo a contribuir para o avanço desta tecnologia e das tomadas de decisão no setor.
Resíduos Rurais e Energia: Estado da Arte e Análise Documental sobre a Implementação de Políticas Públicas no Brasil
Authors: Aguiar João Carlos Belarmino , Silva Luciana Santos Costa Vieira da , Silva Wesley Vieira da 
Published: April 2024

Objetivo – Apresentar contribuições do estado arte sobre resíduos rurais e energia em âmbito internacional, e analisar a atuação dos burocratas de nível de rua na implementação de políticas públicas sobre o tema no Brasil. Metodologia – Para o estado da arte foi utilizado o mapeamento sistemático de literatura e para a análise da atuação dos burocratas de nível rua foi realizada pesquisa documental em documentos institucionais baseado na teoria de Bonelli et al (2019) sob as perspectivas estrutural, ação individual e relacional. Originalidade/relevância – O gap do estudo reside no fato de que a busca dos termos “resíduos rurais” e “energia” não abrangem um estado da arte ou um estado do conhecimento sobre a temática, bem como não foi identificada análise da teoria de Bonelli et al. (2019) sobre a atuação dos burocratas de nível de rua em pesquisa documental, o que demonstra a relevância acadêmica do estudo. Resultados – O estado da arte aponta para questões importantes como diagnóstico dos resíduos rurais, envolvimento do estado, da comunidade, de especialistas e de decisores, e para o desenvolvimento de tecnologias e de técnicas, com análise da viabilidade econômica e de barreiras sobre a temática. A aplicação da teoria de Bonelli et al. (2019) permitiu avaliar parcialmente o potencial para implementação de política pública sobre o tema. Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas – foi possível aplicar a teoria de Bonelli et al (2019) em pesquisa documental. Sugestões pesquisas futuras – vislumbram-se debates acadêmicos e estudos sobre a implementação de políticas públicas relacionadas ao assunto.
Tingginya Angka Cerai Gugat di Kabupaten Sumenep & Dampaknya bagi Anak
Authors: Sofia Mubarokah Sa'bana  , Rusdiana Navlia  
Published: April 2024

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh faktor cerai gugat yang permasalahannya tidak selalu disebabkan oleh isteri seperti halnya adanya perselingkuhan dari suami, penelantaran rumah tangga dan KDRT, faktor ekonomi dan lain sebagainya. Konflik menjadi hal yang wajar manakala kedua belah pihak ada yang mau mengalah dan bisa memahami dengan mengambil sisi positif namun jika konflik tersebut dibiarkan terus-menerus akan membawa dampak negatif yang pada akhirnya berujung pada perceraian. Perceraian sendiri berdampak sangat besar terhadap perkembangan anak. Penelitian lapangan ini menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus dilakukan di Pengadilan Agama Sumenep. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu faktor yang paling mendominasi pengajuan cerai gugat di Pengadilan Agama Sumenep disebabkan karena perselisihan yang terjadi terus menerus yang disebabkan oleh ekonomi, meninggalkan satu pihak (peelantaran), dan KDRT.
Added cognitive demand from increased sensorimotor complexity resulted in better goal-directed movement following stroke: a novel finding in post-stroke recovery
Authors: Lowrey Catherine R. , Dukelow Sean P. , Moore Kimberly D. , Scott Stephen H. , Ritsma Benjamin R. 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND: Stroke often causes impairments in goal-directed movements, which are commonly assessed using goal-directed reaching tasks. Here we present two individuals post-stroke who performed two robotic reaching tasks: 1. Visually Guided Reaching (VGR); reaching a cursor representing the fingertip to virtual targets, 2. Reverse Visually Guided Reaching (RVGR); where the cursor moves in the opposite direction of hand motion, requiring a novel cognitive rule. Participants are typically more successful at reaching targets in the simple VGR task compared to the more complex RVGR task (~92% of our database). The two cases are notable as they performed better on RVGR compared to VGR.
CASE DESCRIPTIONS: Case 1: 80-year-old patient with left hemorrhagic thalamic stroke, with interventricular extension, presenting with right hemiparesis/reduced motor control. They were unable to complete reaches to any targets in VGR (0/40 targets), but were able to reach ~30% of the targets (15/48) in RVGR. Case 2: 76-year-old patient with a left ischemic pontine stroke, presenting with right hemiparesis/reduced motor control. They were unable to complete reaches to any targets in VGR (0/40) but were able to reach ~60% of the targets in RVGR (29/48).
INTERPRETATION: Better performance in RVGR compared to VGR may be associated with a “dual-task benefit” and has potential clinical implications, including informing neuro-rehabilitative strategies, potentially by including tasks with added complexity or cognitive components. These findings also highlight the utility of robotic tools to provide novel environments within which to identify unique patterns of impairments and abilities.
Knee extensor electromyographic activity during different depths of squat exercise in strength training experienced adults: A Systematic Review
Authors: Chagas Andrey B. , Sonda Francesca C. , Reichert Luísa , Rodrigues Deivid R. , Vaz Marco A. 
Published: April 2024

B
ACKGROUND: Changes in range of motion during partial and deep squats can affect the electrical activity of the knee extensor muscles. There are results’ divergences between studies that evaluated the effects of deep and partial squats on the electrical activity of the knee extensor muscles.
AIM: To systematically review the literature on the electromyographic activity of the knee extensor muscles during partial and deep squat exercises in subjects with strength training experience.
METHOD: The search included MEDLINE (via Pubmed), Scielo, EMBASE, in addition to a manual search, until June 2023. Cross-sectional observational studies comparing partial squats (up to 90º of knee flexion) and deep squats (maximum knee flexion) that evaluated the electrical activation through surface electromyography in men and women with strength training experience were included. Methodological quality assessment was performed using the adapted Downs and Black tool, as suggested by the Cochrane Collaboration.
RESULTS: Of the 636 articles identified, four studies were included. The included studies presented electromyographic values of the two squat variations. No difference was found in the activation of the rectus femoris, vastus medialis and vastus lateralis muscles between partial and deep squats. Regarding methodological quality, one study was classified as having moderate and the other three studies showing high methodological quality.
CONCLUSION: The similarity in the knee extensors’ electromyographic activation between partial and deep squat exercises in men and women with strength training experience suggests that both exercises can be used for recruiting these muscles during physical fitness activities.