bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A versus F: The effects of implicit letter priming on cognitive performance
Authors: Ciani Keith D. , Sheldon Kennon M. 
Published: July 2009

BackgroundIt has been proposed that motivational responses outside people's conscious awareness can be primed to affect academic performance. The current research focused on the relationship between primed evaluative letters (A and F), explicit and implicit achievement motivation, and cognitive performance.AimGiven the evaluative connotation associated with letter grades, we wanted to know if exposure to the letter A before a task could improve performance, and exposure to the letter F could impair performance. If such effects are found, we suspected that they may be rooted in implicit approach versus avoidance motivation, and occur without participants' awareness.SampleThe current research was conducted at a large research university in the USA. Twenty‐three undergraduates participated in Expt 1, 32 graduate students in Expt 2, and 76 undergraduates in Expt 3.MethodExpts 1 and 2 were conducted in classroom settings, and Expt 3 in a laboratory. In Expt 1, participants were randomly assigned to either the A or F condition. The letter manipulation came in the form of an ostensible Test Bank ID code on the cover of an analogy test, which participants were prompted to view and write on each page of their test. Expt 2 followed a similar procedure but included the neutral letter J as a third condition to serve as a control. In Expt 3, participants' letter condition was presented in the form of an ostensible Subject ID code prior to an anagram test.ResultsExpts 1–3 demonstrated that exposure to the letter A enhances performance relative to the exposure to the letter F, whereas exposure to the letter F prior to an achievement task can impair performance. This effect was demonstrated using two different types of samples (undergraduate and graduate students), in two different experimental settings (classroom and laboratory), using two different types of achievement tasks (analogy and anagram), and using two different types of letter presentation (Test Bank ID and Subject ID). Results from the funnelled debriefing, self‐report goals, and word‐stem completion support our position that the effect of letter on academic performance takes place outside the conscious awareness of participants.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that students are vulnerable to evaluative letters presentedbeforea task, and support years of research highlighting the significant role that nonconscious processes play in achievement settings.
The Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for Phobic Situations (SEQ-SP): Development and Psychometric Evaluation
Authors: Flatt Natalie , King Neville 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe 13-item Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for Specific Phobias (SEQ-SP) was developed as a measure of perceived ability to cope with phobic symptoms when approaching feared stimuli. This study examined the psychometric properties of the SEQ-SP in a sample of 43 Australian children and adolescents aged 7 through to 17 years. Participants met the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for a specific phobia. Exploratory factor analysis yielded two reliable subscales labelled Cognitive/Physiological Efficacy and Behavioural Efficacy. A confirmatory cluster analysis revealed the possibility of three ad hoc clusters comprising of cognitive, physiological and behavioural classifications. Results furthermore provided preliminary evidence for the reliability and validity of the SEQ-SP. Psychometric evaluation revealed excellent internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Additionally, results indicated that higher SEQ-SP scores were significantly correlated with lower scores on the Child Anxiety Sensitivity Index and higher scores on the Behavioural Avoidance Test, displaying evidence of moderate to excellent construct validity. This new self-report measure has a potentially useful role in clinical work and research with children and adolescents presenting with a specific phobia. Subsequent research examining the clinical utility of the SEQ-SP to predict treatment outcome is discussed.
Flexible Scheduling and the Gender Wage Gap
Authors: Winder Katie L 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Using British data from the 2004 Workplace Employment Relations Survey, the author examines whether and how the relationship between schedule flexibility and wages differs by gender. Using a basic measure of whether the worker has discretion over the start and end times of work, men have more than twice the wage return to flexibility than do women, even within the same firm and detailed occupation. This difference cannot be explained by differences in household responsibilities or by differences in part time work by gender, but gender differences in job authority and autonomy do matter. Differences in the wage returns to this type of flexibility account for 10% of the gender wage gap, which suggests that understanding the underlying cause for the disparity in the returns to flexibility is important for understanding the policy implications of promoting flexible work arrangements.
Subgrain boundaries and related microstructural features in EDML (Antarctica) deep ice core
Authors: Weikusat Ilka , Kipfstuhl Sepp , Faria Sérgio H. , Azuma Nobuhiko , Miyamoto Atsushi 
Published: July 2009

AbstractSubgrain boundaries revealed as shallow sublimation grooves on ice sample surfaces are a direct and easily observable feature of intracrystalline deformation and recrystallization. Statistical data obtained from the EPICA Dronning Maud Land (EDML) deep ice core drilled in East Antarctica cannot detect a depth region of increased subgrain-boundary formation. Grain-boundary morphologies show a strong influence of internal strain energy on the microstructure at all depths. The data do not support the classical view of a change of dominating recrystallization regimes with depth. Three major types of subgrain boundaries, reflecting high mechanical anisotropy, are specified in combination with crystal-orientation analysis.
Glacial rumblings from Jakobshavn ice stream, Greenland
Authors: Rial J.A. , Tang C. , Steffen K. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe steep increase in Greenland’s glacial earthquake activity detected by the Global Seismographic Network since the late 1990s suggests that a close inspection of these events might provide clues to the nature and origin of such seismic activity. Here we discuss the detection of large, unexpected seismic events of extraordinarily long duration (10–40 min) occurring about once every 2 days, and localized in the ice stream that feeds the Earth’s fastest-moving glacier (Jakobshavn Isbræ) from the east. These ‘glacial rumblings’ represent an ice-mass wasting process that is greater and more frequent than glacial earthquakes have suggested. Probably triggered by calving, the rumblings are all very similar regardless of duration, and all end with a sharp, earthquake-like event in which the largest seismic amplitude is in the rumbling and that might signal the collapse of large ice masses upstream. By calculating the total amount of seismic energy released as rumblings, we estimate that the maximum seasonal amount of ice moved seismogenically down the ice stream is up to 12 km3, or ∼30% of the average annual iceberg discharge in Jakobshavn.
Airborne radar sounder for temperate ice: initial results from Patagonia
Authors: Zamora Rodrigo , Ulloa David , Garcia Gonzalo , Mella Ronald , Uribe José , Wendt Jens , Rivera Andrés , Gacitúa Guisella , Casassa Gino 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe describe the development of a low-frequency airborne radar specifically designed for the sounding of temperate ice. The system operates at a central frequency of 1 MHz and consists of an impulse transmitter with an output voltage up to 5000 V and a digital receiver with a maximum gain of 80 dB. The radar was deployed on board a CASA 212 aircraft, which also carries a laser altimeter, an inertial navigation system, a digital camera and a GPS receiver. A description of the radar system is provided, as well as preliminary results obtained at Glaciar Tyndall, Campo de Hielo Sur (Southern Patagonia Icefield), where an ice depth of 670 m was reached.
Calculation of glacier volume from sparse ice-thickness data, applied to Schaufelferner, Austria
Authors: Fischer Andrea 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn order to develop and evaluate a method for the determination of glacier volume from ice-thickness data, the volume of Schaufelferner, Austria, is calculated (1) by manual interpolation of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data based on measurements at 36 locations in 1995, (2) by manual interpolation of 144 GPR measurements acquired for a higher-resolution estimate in 2003 and 2006, (3) by multiplying the mean of the measured ice-thickness data by the glacier area, (4) by automatic kriging of the 1995 GPR data and (5) by application of area/volume scaling algorithms to the Austrian glacier inventory data of 1969, 1997 and 2006. The so determined glacier volumes are compared with the ice-volume changes calculated from digital elevation models (DEMs) of the Austrian glacier inventories. The manually interpolated volumes based on the 1995 and 2003/06 GPR data yielded a volume loss only slightly different from volume loss calculated from the glacier inventories of 1997 and 2007. Other methods were not able to reproduce the volume losses of the glacier inventory DEMs. To assess the accuracy of deriving ice-thickness changes with GPR, repeated ice-thickness measurements at the same locations were carried out between 2005 and 2008.
A method to estimate the ice volume and ice-thickness distribution of alpine glaciers
Authors: Farinotti Daniel , Huss Matthias , Bauder Andreas , Funk Martin , Truffer Martin 
Published: July 2009

AbstractSound knowledge of the ice volume and ice-thickness distribution of a glacier is essential for many glaciological applications. However, direct measurements of ice thickness are laborious, not feasible everywhere and necessarily restricted to a small number of glaciers. In this paper, we present a method to estimate the ice-thickness distribution and the total ice volume of alpine glaciers. This method is based on glacier mass turnover and principles of ice-flow mechanics. The required input data are the glacier surface topography, the glacier outline and a set of borders delineating different ‘ice-flow catchments’. Three parameters describe the distribution of the ‘apparent mass balance’, which is defined as the difference between the glacier surface mass balance and the rate of ice-thickness change, and two parameters define the ice-flow dynamics. The method was developed and validated on four alpine glaciers located in Switzerland, for which the bedrock topography is partially known from radio-echo soundings. The ice thickness along 82 cross-profiles can be reproduced with an average deviation of about 25% between the calculated and the measured ice thickness. The cross-sectional areas differ by less than 20% on average. This shows the potential of the method for estimating the ice-thickness distribution of alpine glaciers without the use of direct measurements.
Managerial Leadership: An Islamic Perspective
Authors: Ather Syed Mohammad , Sobhani Farid Ahammad 
Published: July 2009

Islam is the guide to eradicate all problems in our social life. Allah (Swt) has addressed the believers as Ummah, which implies the necessity of leadership in Islam. Allah says to his Prophet Mohammad (Sm) "...I have perfected your religion for you, completed My favor upon you, and have chosen for you Islam as your religion" (Surah Al-Maidah). Mohammad (Sm) says "Every one of you is a shepherd and every one of you is responsible for what he is shepherd of" (Sahih Al Bukhari). Islam as a complete code of life has a set of principles, guidelines for managers to lead the human resources in an organization. This study is an attempt to find out the basic guidelines laid down in Islam for managerial leadership. It has pointed out the operational principles of managerial leadership, managerial grid theory, leadership continuum, team building- team spirit and qualities of a managerial leader from the Islam perspective. doi: 10.3329/iiucs.v4i0.2688 IIUC STUDIES Vol. - 4, December 2007 (p 7-24)
The impact of the First World War on the poetry of Wilfred Owen
Authors: Mahmud Mohammad Riaz 
Published: July 2009

In 1914 the First World War broke out on a largely innocent world, a world that still associated warfare with glorious cavalry charges and the noble pursuit of heroic ideals. This was the world's first experience of modern mechanized warfare. As the months and years passed, each bringing increasing slaughter and misery, the soldiers became increasingly disillusioned. Many of the strongest protests made against the war were made through the medium of poetry by young men horrified by what they saw. They not only wrote about the physical pain of wounds and deaths, but also the mental pain that were consequences of war. One of these poets was Wilfred Owen. In his poetry we find the feelings of futility, horror, and dehumanization that he encountered in war. doi: 10.3329/iiucs.v4i0.2689 IIUC STUDIES Vol. - 4, December 2007 (p 25-40)
The Lyrical Strain in Victorian Poetry
Authors: Huda Md Nazmul 
Published: July 2009

This article is an attempt to explore the lyrical strain in Victorian Poetry1. It has been demonstrated that lyrical strain is the combination of subjectivity and melody. Some particular lyric poems of Victorian period have been studied with the help of the views and comments of some critics so that better comprehension of the lyrics as well as the poets may be carried out. Lyrical allusions and references have been drawn from the poems of Tennyson, Arnold and Rossetti to present how the sources of their lyricism vary from one another. In presenting the lyrical features of their poems, the critical method followed is based upon comparison and contrast. Since literature is deemed to be the reflection of life, this study may help the readers understand sentiments and emotions of men and women of that particular period. doi: 10.3329/iiucs.v4i0.2691 IIUC STUDIES Vol. - 4, December 2007 (p 49-58)
18F-FDG PET for detecting metastases and synchronous primary malignancies in patients with oral and oropharyngeal cancer
Authors: Wallowy P. , Diener J. , Grünwald F. , Kovács A. F. 
Published: July 2009

Summary
Aim: Assessment of the efficiency of 18F-FDGPET (PET) for the detection of distant metastases and synchronous primary malignancies in patients with oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer (OOSCC). Patients, methods: Retrospective evaluation of PET studies of 422 patients with histologically confirmed OOSCC. 99 patients (23.5%) demonstrated a suspect distant finding of whom 84 could be interdisciplinary evaluated and consecutively confirmed or refuted by other diagnostic modalities or biopsy. Results: In 74 of 80 evaluable cases, PET showed the primary tumour (92.5%). 26/84 suspect distant lesions (31%) showed by means of PET were confirmed to be malignancies (mean SUV 3.96; range 1.4-9.37). Main sites were the lung, the upper aerodigestive tract, and the gastrointestinal system. In the other 58 cases (69%), where the suspect lesions were confirmed as benign, mean SUV was 2.65 (range 0.7–6.5) (difference statistically significant). The SUV above which every suspect finding was proven to be of malignant condition was 6.5 (specificity 100%, sensitivity 38%, accuracy 81%). Conclusion: PET may have an important role in initial staging and the detection of distant metastases and synchronous primary malignancies. Setting a SUV threshold for determining malignancies can support interpretation. In borderline cases, however, interdisciplinary evaluation by means of other diagnostic modalities remains crucial.
Novel Single-Trip Upper Completion System Saves Rig Time in Deepwater Offshore Brazil
Authors: Vilela Alvaro Jose , Carvalho Frederico 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
This paper outlines the mechanism and functioning of One Trip Upper Completion System using an hydraulic tubing compesating device (HTCD), the UST (Upper-Completion Single-trip System) that enables the integration of all equipments of an upper production string in order to run in hole in one single trip.
The UST with HTCD is an upper completion system that integrates safe production string running in hole and simplified hydraulic release after connecting the lower completion equipment to the upper completion system.
This paper also emphasizes the difference amongst few systems from conventional dual trip upper completion until other types of tubing seals receptacles used for single trip upper completion, stating all mechanical differences and their peculiarities. This document describes field experiences of Upper-Completion Single-trip (UST) installations using Single Trip Hydraulic Tubing Compensating Device (HTCD) system and establishes a comparative analysis of rig time savings and operation differences using conventional methods compared to the UST with HTCD.

Introduction
In 2004 first single trip production string was installed. This first successful experience was achieved using a mechanical single trip mechanism and the main objective of this method is to reduce rig time during upper completion installation procedure. The average rig time saving since first deployment of a upper completion single trip has been 24 hours. (1)
The reasons upper completion single trip technique has increased in Campos Basin are as follow:Horizontal deep water completions;Use of large bore Completions;Pressure and Temperature Gauges in the production string;Increased number of well control parameters therefore the necessity of larger number of control lines;Chemical injection mandrels and injection lines;Electric Cable and protection clamps;
Upper completion string lay out has become complex and therefore deployment limitations has been the challenge. Features as horizontal lower completions; prohybitive rotation of upper completion string and the minimum tolerance between casing ID and some equipments of the production string as clamps and tubing hanger are the main application for upper completion single trip methods as the technique minimizes production string deployment and maximize rig time saving. (See Figure 1)
First hydraulic actuated upper completion single trip was run in Campos Basin in Brazil in August 2005 using HTCD. Since 2005 more than 25 hydraulic actuated upper completion single trip has been run in Brazil succesfully.
Practical Application of Probabilistic Fracture Mechanics for Structural Integrity Management
Authors: Dinovitzer Aaron S. , Semiga Vlad , Tiku Sanjay , Bonneau Carole , Wang Ge , Chen Nianzhong 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
This paper describes an approach to the estimation of time dependent structural reliability of crack like features based upon codified fracture mechanics (e.g. BS7910, API579) techniques. A numerical simulation methodology is used to consider statistically defined through life wave load effects generated using recognized hydrodynamics codes and statistically defined defect, structural geometry and material property data, in estimating probabilities of structural failure. The approach outlined in this paper may be used to support through life integrity management of pipe, platform and ship structures subjected to uncertain variable amplitude loading.
An FSO double bottom hull structure cracking scenario is used in this application of fracture mechanics in the prediction of the probability of achieving a given fatigue life considering the crack growth and final failure using an automated analytic tool. The streamlined analysis tool will be described along with its inherent assumptions and approximations in demonstrating the sensitivity of the structural reliability estimates to the problem data and assumptions. The process employed and results presented are considered unique in terms of their ability to describe the time dependent nature of fatigue reliability considering a range of defect types and structural geometries.
The paper provide guidance and demonstrate through a practical application, the utility of fracture mechanics in considering structural reliability in developing critical flaw sizes to support inspection and repair criteria. The same techniques will also be used to define inspection intervals while considering the influence and significance of uncertainties in load and material properties. In presenting this sample application, the intended future application and further development of this technology is presented for discussion.
SS "Floating Offshore LNG" - Operational Experience With Ship To Ship (STS) Transfer Of LNG
Authors: Englebert Patrick 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
The paper describes the design, installation and operation of a Ship to Ship (STS) transfer system for LNG. It addresses the qualification of the cryogenic hoses and the emergency-disconnect couplings as well as the operational procedures for the berthing and transfer operation offshore.
The system uses ‘standard’ components, adapted only where needed for its new function. The operational procedures for berthing offshore have a long and proven track record in the oil lightering industry. The net result is a simple and cost effective solution for offshore transfer of LNG, developed in a fast and efficient manner and already proven with more than 10 commercial operations.
Tahiti Flowline Expansion Control System
Authors: Thompson Hugh Miller , Reiners Jim , Brunner Mark S. , DeLack Kristen , Qui Xinhai , Noel Clyde 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
The search for offshore petroleum reserves has taken the energy industry into deeper waters and deeper wells. A byproduct of deep-water discoveries is often a high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) reservoir. Reservoir fluids are often transported to a floating production facility (FPF) via carbon steel flowlines and risers. Pressurization and heating of flowlines that were installed empty and cold can lead to significant longitudinal expansion.
If left uncontrolled, significant expansion can often lead to excessive stresses and strains in flowlines or other system components. In some cases, uncontrolled expansion can lead to local buckling of the pipe cross-section or high stress-range (low-cycle) fatigue failure, resulting in a leak to the environment.
The Tahiti Project in the Gulf of Mexico presented a number of different flowline expansion system problems, including high pressure, high temperature, future water injection and reservoir souring, global lateral buckling and fatigue associated with a number of operating cycles, high flowline end expansions, high riser bottom tensions, and flowline walking (soil ratcheting).
Additionally, the stringent design challenges of the project produced corresponding challenges in the area of welding.
This paper discusses some of the flowline expansion control techniques used on the Chevron Tahiti Project in the Gulf of Mexico. Midline expansion control via distributed buoyancy and end expansion control via a novel stab and hinge-over (patent pending) Pipeline End Termination (PLET) located on top of a suction pile are discussed, along with other expansion control topics. The welding requirements, the challenge of setting up an onshore multi-joint facility, welding strategies, and the corresponding results will also be discussed.

Project Overview
Tahiti is a joint venture development between Chevron, StatoilHydro and TOTAL E&P USA with Chevron as the designated operator. The nominal production capacity of the facilities is 125,000 BOPD with associated gas and water. The Tahiti field layout for the initial phase is shown in Figure 1. The field consists of two production drill centers, located in Green Canyon Block 596 and 640 respectively, in approximately 4,100 ft water depth. The production manifold from both drill centers is tied back to a single Floating Production Facility (FPF) in Block 641, through wet insulated flowlines and steel catenary risers (SCR). Not shown in Figure 1 are two future water injection drill centers, which will be tied back to the FPF with flexible pipe flowlines and risers.