bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isotemporal substitution of accelerometer-derived sedentary behavior and physical activity on physical fitness in young children
Authors: Gu Ying , Kim Junghoon , Ma Jiameng , Guo Hongzhi , Sano Hiroko , Chung Ho Jin , Chua Terence Buan Kiong , Chia Michael Yong Hwa , Kim Hyunshik 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the effects of different types of physical activity (PA) on the physical fitness (PF) of young children in Japan, with a particular focus on how substituting sedentary behavior (SB) with active behaviors influences PF. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 1843 participants aged 3–6 years from northeastern Japan. Using triaxial accelerometers, we quantified PA, and PF was assessed via standardized tests. The innovative application of isotemporal substitution modeling (ISM) allowed us to analyze the impact of reallocating time from SB to more active states, specifically moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and light physical activity (LPA). Our findings reveal a robust association between increased MVPA and enhanced PF outcomes, underscoring the health benefits of reducing SB. Notably, replacing SB with LPA also showed beneficial effects on certain PF metrics, indicating LPA's potential role in early childhood fitness. These results highlight the critical importance of promoting MVPA and minimizing sedentary periods to bolster PF in young children. The study offers vital insights for shaping public health policies and emphasizes the need to cultivate an active lifestyle from an early age to secure long-term health advantages.
Forest type modulates mammalian responses to megafires
Authors: Magioli Marcelo , Lima Luanne Helena Augusto , Villela Priscilla Marqui Schmidt , Sampaio Ricardo , Bonjorne Lilian , Ribeiro Renan Lieto Alves , Kantek Daniel Luis Zanella , Miyazaki Selma Samiko , Semedo Thiago B. F. , Libardi Gustavo S. , Saranholi Bruno H. , Eriksson Charlotte E. , Morato Ronaldo Gonçalves , Berlinck Christian Niel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAlthough considered an evolutionary force responsible for shaping ecosystems and biodiversity, fires’ natural cycle is being altered by human activities, increasing the odds of destructive megafire events. Here, we show that forest type modulates the responses of terrestrial mammals, from species to assemblage level, to a catastrophic megafire in the Brazilian Pantanal. We unraveled that mammalian richness was higher 1 year after fire passage compared to a pre-fire condition, which can be attributed to habitat modification caused by wildfires, attracting herbivores and open-area tolerant species. We observed changes in assemblage composition between burned/unburned sites, but no difference in mammalian richness or relative abundance. However, by partitioning the effects of burned area proportion per forest type (monospecific vs. polyspecific), we detected differential responses of mammals at several levels of organization, with pronounced declines in species richness and relative abundance in monospecific forests. Eighty-six percent of the species presented moderate to strong negative effects on their relative abundance, with an overall strong negative effect for the entire assemblage. Wildfires are predicted to be more frequent with climate and land use change, and if events analogous to Pantanal-2020 become recurrent, they might trigger regional beta diversity change, benefitting open-area tolerant species.
The Goldilocks paradigm: comparing classical machine learning, large language models, and few-shot learning for drug discovery applications
Authors: Snyder Scott H. , Vignaux Patricia A. , Ozalp Mustafa Kemal , Gerlach Jacob , Puhl Ana C. , Lane Thomas R. , Corbett John , Urbina Fabio , Ekins Sean 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRecent advances in machine learning (ML) have led to newer model architectures including transformers (large language models, LLMs) showing state of the art results in text generation and image analysis as well as few-shot learning (FSLC) models which offer predictive power with extremely small datasets. These new architectures may offer promise, yet the ‘no-free lunch’ theorem suggests that no single model algorithm can outperform at all possible tasks. Here, we explore the capabilities of classical (SVR), FSLC, and transformer models (MolBART) over a range of dataset tasks and show a ‘goldilocks zone’ for each model type, in which dataset size and feature distribution (i.e. dataset “diversity”) determines the optimal algorithm strategy. When datasets are small ( < 50 molecules), FSLC tend to outperform both classical ML and transformers. When datasets are small-to-medium sized (50-240 molecules) and diverse, transformers outperform both classical models and few-shot learning. Finally, when datasets are of larger and of sufficient size, classical models then perform the best, suggesting that the optimal model to choose likely depends on the dataset available, its size and diversity. These findings may help to answer the perennial question of which ML algorithm is to be used when faced with a new dataset.
Switching periodic event‐triggered global prescribed performance control of uncertain strict‐feedback systems with sensor faults
Authors: Xu Xindi , Zhang Zhikai , Hou Mingzhe 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the global adaptive prescribed performance control (PPC) of a class of uncertain strict‐feedback nonlinear systems with sensor faults based on the switching periodic event‐triggering mechanism (SPETM). Due to the existence of sensor faults, the controlled system is first remodeled by utilizing the available variables. To reduce the communication frequency, a novel SPETM is proposed by combining the advantages of the static and the dynamic event‐triggering mechanisms. This mechanism can not only avoid continuously monitoring the event‐triggering condition and avoid the Zeno phenomenon in mechanism, but also reduce the trigger frequency while ensuring the system performance by adjusting the event‐triggering threshold dynamically. Meanwhile, a time‐varying scaling function, whose reciprocal is considered as a prescribed performance function, is designed to achieve the global PPC by combining the nonlinear transformation technique. The adaptive control algorithm design is completed by employing the backstepping methodology, which can guarantee that all closed‐loop signals are bounded and the actual system output signal evolves within the prescribed performance boundary for arbitrary initial values. The effectiveness and the advantages of the proposed control algorithm are illustrated through an application example of the network‐based robotic manipulator system.
YOLOv9 for fracture detection in pediatric wrist trauma X‐ray images
Authors: Chien Chun‐Tse , Ju Rui‐Yang , Chou Kuang‐Yi , Chiang Jen‐Shiun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe introduction of YOLOv9, the latest version of the you only look once (YOLO) series, has led to its widespread adoption across various scenarios. This paper is the first to apply the YOLOv9 algorithm model to the fracture detection task as computer‐assisted diagnosis to help radiologists and surgeons to interpret X‐ray images. Specifically, this paper trained the model on the GRAZPEDWRI‐DX dataset and extended the training set using data augmentation techniques to improve the model performance. Experimental results demonstrate that compared to the mAP 50–95 of the current state‐of‐the‐art model, the YOLOv9 model increased the value from 42.16% to 43.73%, with an improvement of 3.7%. The implementation code is publicly available at https://github.com/RuiyangJu/YOLOv9‐Fracture‐Detection.
Magnetic sensors for contactless and non‐intrusive measurement of current in AC power systems
Authors: Shrawane Prasad , Sidhu Tarlochan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper reports the results of an investigation into the use of magnetic sensors for measuring AC currents and subsequently, estimating AC current phasors in low‐ and medium voltage AC power systems. Tunnelling magnetoresistive (TMR) sensor of high sensitivity and a wide range was used for the magnetic field measurement around AC conductor. The sensor was calibrated to overcome the inequality in the sensed magnetic field due to various aspects such as the distance from the source, minute structural variations, the magnitude of the source current, and presence of harmonics. Performance was tested for accuracy at lower frequencies such as 1, 2, 5 and 10 Hz as well as at higher frequencies such as 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th harmonics of the fundamental frequency. The percentage total vector error (TVE) was calculated for current phasors with input current magnitudes varying from 5 to 1500 A of various frequencies and was compared with the actual current as well as with the outputs of a high accuracy conventional core‐wound donut type current transformer (CT). The measurement accuracy corresponding to magnitude, phase and TVE during laboratory and field applications validated the suitability of TMR sensor for contactless and non‐invasive AC current measurement.
Ein Irrweg der Evolution?
Authors: Singer Dominique 
Published: June 2024

Liebe Leserinnen und Leser,es sei eigentlich alles gut, nur eines müsse sie sagen, nämlich, dass die Evolution
offenbar einen Irrweg eingeschlagen habe! So gab mir kürzlich eine Kollegin, die ihr
zweites Kind erwartete, zur Antwort, als ich mich nach ihrem Befinden erkundigte:
die Übelkeit und das Erbrechen seien nur schwer zu ertragen.
Anti-Yo antibody-associated Autoimmune Encephalitis due to Breast
Adenocarcinoma in a male patient
Authors: Tosunoglu Bunyamin , Güneş HafizeNalan , Kina HaticeMediha , Çokal BurcuGökçe 
Published: June 2024

AbstractParaneoplastic neurological syndromes occur due to immune-mediated neuronal
dysfunction secondary to systemic malignancy, and symptoms can usually be seen
before malignancy. There are many subtypes that depend on the antibodies present
or the proteins they target. Accurate epidemiological data are lacking as it is
difficult to diagnose. We would like to present a case of anti-Yo
antibody-associated encephalitis due to breast cancer in a 47-year-old male
patient. When we searched the literature, we did not find a case of
anti-Yo-associated autoimmune encephalitis due to breast adenocarcinoma in a
male patient. For this reason, we find it worth presenting our case.
Der Zusammenhang zwischen objektiven und subjektiven Zuschreibungen
eines Migrationshintergrundes mit wahrgenommener Diskriminierung und
Rassismus
Authors: Nesterko Yuriy , Jacobsen Jannes , Köhler Jonas , Glaesmer Heide 
Published: June 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die in Deutschland gängige kriterienorientierte Erfassung der
Bevölkerung mit Migrationshintergrund wird aktuell u. a. aus
sozialwissenschaftlich-methodischer Perspektive kritisiert. Insbesondere die
Eignung als Indikator für wahrgenommene Diskriminierung der Bevölkerung mit
Migrationshintergrund kann aufgrund des aktuellen Forschungsstandes kritisch in
Frage gestellt warden
Methode Auf Basis eines bevölkerungsrepräsentativen Datensatzes (N=1989)
für die Stadt Berlin wurden ergänzend zur objektiven Erfassung eines
Migrationshintergrundes, die subjektive Sicht in Form von Selbst- und
antizipierter Fremdzuschreibung eines Migrationshintergrundes erfasst. Weiterhin
wurden soziodemografische und migrationsspezifische Charakteristika sowie
wahrgenommene Diskriminierung erhoben. Mittels deskriptiver und
inferenzstatistischer Methoden wurden Unterschiede zwischen der objektiven und
subjektiven Erfassung eines Migrationshintergrundes und deren Zusammenhänge mit
wahrgenommener Diskriminierung analysiert.
Ergebnisse Weniger als die Hälfte (38%, 154/400) der kriterienorientiert
als Personen mit Migrationshintergrund erfassten Befragten gab an, sich selbst
als Migrant*in zu bezeichnen. 36% (144/405) waren der Meinung, von anderen in
Deutschland als Person mit Migrationshintergrund bezeichnet zu werden. Personen
mit Migrationshintergrund sind deutlich stärker von Diskriminierung aufgrund von
Hautfarbe, Religion oder Herkunft betroffen als Befragte ohne
Migrationshintergrund. Es stellte sich zudem heraus, dass sowohl die
Selbstzuschreibung als auch die antizipierte Fremdzuschreibung als Migrant*in
positiv mit Erfahrungen von Diskriminierung und Rassismus assoziiert sind.
Diskussion Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass in migrationssensibler
Forschung nicht lediglich kriterienorientiert zwischen Personen mit und ohne
Migrationshintergrund unterschieden werden sollte. Vielmehr scheinen die
subjektiven Wahrnehmungen der eigenen Zuschreibung als Migrant*in vor allem als
Diskriminierungsindikatoren besser geeignet und sollten in Zukunft in der
Forschung oder bei Erhebungen zu Diskriminierungserfahrungen zusätzlich
Berücksichtigung finden.
Risikofaktoren für sekundären traumatischen Stress (STS) und
Posttraumatische Belastungsstörung (PTBS) bei Dolmetschenden mit eigener
Traumaerfahrung
Authors: Ruberl Alexander , Geiling Angelika , Böttche Maria , Knaevelsrud Christine , Stammel Nadine 
Published: June 2024

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Dolmetschende spielen eine entscheidende Rolle bei der
Versorgung von Geflüchteten. Allerdings wird der psychischen Gesundheit von
Dolmetschenden bisher nur wenig Beachtung gegeben. Trotz eines erhöhten
Belastungslevels von sekundärem traumatischem Stress (STS) und gesteigerten
Prävalenzen Posttraumatischer Belastungsstörung (PTBS) bei Dolmetschenden im
Geflüchtetenkontext, gibt es bisher nur wenig Forschung zu Risikofaktoren für
STS und PTBS in dieser Population. Das Ziel dieser Studie war es, potenzielle
Risikofaktoren für jeweils STS- und PTBS-Symptomschwere bei Dolmetschenden in
der Geflüchtetenversorgung zu untersuchen.
Methodik Eine deutschlandweite Online-Befragung wurde 2019 unter
Dolmetschenden für Geflüchtete durchgeführt, in der 83 Personen eingeschlossen
wurden, die angaben, mindestens ein traumatisches Erlebnis erfahren zu haben.
Die Untersuchung der potenziellen Risikofaktoren (primäre traumatische
Ereignisse, traumabezogne Inhalte, eigener Fluchthintergrund) und die
Interaktion von primären traumatischen Ereignissen und traumabezogenen Inhalten
erfolgte mittels moderierter multipler Regression.
Ergebnisse Es wurde jeweils ausschließlich für STS- (p=0,003) und
PTBS-Symptomschwere (p=0,042) ein positiver Zusammenhang mit der Anzahl primär
erlebter traumatischen Ereignisse festgestellt.
Diskussion/Schlussfolgerung In der vorliegenden Studie wurde die Anzahl
der erlebten primären traumatischen Ereignisse als potenzieller Risikofaktor für
STS und PTBS identifiziert. Die Institutionalisierung präventiver Maßnahmen wie
Supervisionen, Nachgespräche und dolmetscher-spezifische Fortbildungen könnte
einen wichtigen Beitrag zum Schutz der psychischen Gesundheit von Dolmetschenden
leisten. Weitere Studien sind erforderlich, um ein besseres Verständnis von
Risikofaktoren für STS und PTBS bei Dolmetschenden zu erlangen.
Invasive Streptokokken-Infektionen – eine interdisziplinäre Herausforderung
Authors: Wörnle Markus 
Published: June 2024

Anamnese und klinischer Befund Wir berichten über eine 34-jährige Patientin sowie einen 50-jährigen Patienten, die beide mit einem schweren septischen Krankheitsbild in unsere Notaufnahme transportiert wurden.
Untersuchungen Beide Patienten mussten im Verlauf reanimiert werden und zeigten klinisch sowie laborchemisch Zeichen einer schweren bakteriellen Infektion.
Diagnose Bei beiden Patienten lag eine invasive Infektion mit Gruppe-A-Streptokokken vor. Bei der weiblichen Patientin fand sich eine Streptokokkensepsis mit schwerer Pneumonie, bei dem männlichen Patienten bestand eine durch Streptokokken hervorgerufene nekrotisierende Fasziitis der oberen Extremität.
Therapie und Verlauf Während die Patientin trotz sämtlicher intensivmedizinischer Maßnahmen noch im Schockraum der Notaufnahme verstarb, überlebte der Patient nach rascher chirurgischer Therapie und längerem Intensivaufenthalt.
Folgerung Der Zustand von Patienten mit invasiven Infektionen durch Gruppe-A-Streptokokken kann sich rasch klinisch verschlechtern. Eine umgehende Diagnosestellung und die Einleitung meist interdisziplinärer Therapiemaßnahmen sind wichtig. Dennoch können diese Erkrankungen tödlich verlaufen.
Neues aus der Akuttherapie der Migräne
Authors: Heinze Axel , Heinze-Kuhn Katja , Göbel Hartmut , Göbel Carl H 
Published: June 2024

ZusamenfassungDie Landschaft der Akutmedikation der Migräne hat sich in den vergangenen Jahren
grundlegend verändert. Es ist ein schleichender, vielfach unbemerkter Prozess,
der weniger durch die spektakuläre Einführung neuer Substanzen geprägt ist, als
vielmehr durch die Veränderung des Zuganges der Patienten zu den Substanzen und
die differenzierte Auswahl der Behandlung angepasst an die Bedürfnisse der
Patienten. Inzwischen sind in Deutschland vier Triptane rezeptfrei verfügbar mit
großem Einfluss auf die Selbstmedikation. Die wesentliche Neueinführung war das
Lasmiditan als Alternative zu den Triptanen.
An Advanced Knee Simulator Model Can Reproducibly Be Used for Ligament Balancing Training during Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Logan Scott , Sequeira Sean B. , Jerabek Seth A. , Malkani Arthur L. , Mahoney Ormond M. , Crutcher James P. , Mont Michael A. , Faizan Ahmad 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA critical and difficult aspect of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is ligamentous balancing for which cadavers and models have played a large role in the education and training of new arthroplasty surgeons, although they both have several shortcomings including cost, scarcity, and dissimilarity to in vivo ligament properties. An advanced knee simulator (AKS) model based on computed tomography (CT) scans was developed in the setting of these challenges with cadavers and previous models. In this study, we compared the ligament balancing between AKS and human cadaveric knees to assess the validity of using the AKS for ligament balancing training during TKA. A CT scan of a TKA patient with varus deformity was used to design the AKS model with modular components, using three-dimensional printing. Three fellowship-trained arthroplasty surgeons used technology-assisted TKA procedure to plan and balance three cadaver knees and the AKS model. Medial and lateral laxity data were captured using manual varus and valgus stress assessments for cadavers and the model in an extension pose (10 degrees of flexion from terminal extension) and between 90 and 95 degrees for flexion. After preresection assessments, surgeons planned a balanced cruciate-retaining TKA. Following bony cuts and trialing, extension and flexion ligament laxity values were recorded in a similar manner. Descriptive statistics and Student's t-tests were performed to compare the cadavers and model with a p-value set at 0.05. Preresection medial/lateral laxity data for both extension and flexion were plotted and showed that the highest standard deviation (SD) for the cadavers was 0.67 mm, whereas the highest SD for the AKS was 1.25 mm. A similar plot for trialing demonstrated that the highest SD for the cadavers was 0.6 mm, whereas the highest SD for the AKS was 0.61 mm. The AKS trialing data were highly reproducible when compared with cadaveric data, demonstrating the value of the AKS model as a tool to teach ligament balancing for TKA and for future research endeavors.
Strategies for Performing Factor Assays in the Presence of Emicizumab or Other Novel/Emerging Hemostatic Agents
Authors: Kershaw Geoffrey 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFor several decades, therapeutic options for inherited deficiencies of factor VIII or IX (hemophilia A or B, respectively) have largely been the replacement of the missing clotting factor with plasma-derived or recombinant products. Hemostasis laboratories use standard activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)-based clotting or chromogenic assays to monitor plasma factor levels to guide therapy. The emergence in the past 10 years of extended half-life replacement products and other novel therapies for hemophilia has led to a reappraisal of assay suitability, with studies of product measurement showing some existing assay types or reagents to be unsuitable for some products. The hemostasis laboratory must adapt to the changing landscape by adding new assays or modifying existing assays to ensure accurate results for product measurement. These strategies include switching from a chromogenic assay to a clotting assay, or vice versa, changing an aPTT reagent brand, or introducing product specific calibrators. This article evaluates the effects of some of the newer treatment options on the laboratory testing of factor levels and related assays.
Indian Hand Anthropometry: Computer Tomography-Based Morphometric Analysis of Metacarpal
Authors: Reddy Maryada Venkateshwar , G. Mithun Pai , Kumar Morum Mahendra , Bhat Anil K. , Annapareddy Adarsh , Thatte Mukund R. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Introduction Metacarpal fractures are common and have various treatment options, but understanding their morphometry is crucial for optimizing fixation techniques and reducing complications. Accurate assessment of metacarpal anatomy is challenging in conventional radiographs but feasible with computed tomography (CT) scans, which offer precise views. This study aimed to provide accurate anatomical data on metacarpals within an Indian population using CT scans and to compare the results with existing literature. The findings have implications for surgical procedures, including plating, pinning, and intramedullary screw fixation.
Materials and Methods This retrospective analysis utilized CT scans of 100 hands, including 50 males and 50 females, from two hospitals in India. Inclusion criteria included complete metacarpal visualization with a slice thickness of 0.6 mm, while exclusion criteria involved trauma, deformity, or underlying pathologies. Various parameters of all metacarpals were measured using RadiAnt DICOM Viewer 2021.1, providing accurate anteroposterior and lateral views.
Results Male and female cohorts had mean ages of 38.58 ± 12.02 and 43.60 ± 13.61 years, respectively. The study showed good to excellent reliability in measurements. The 2nd metacarpal was consistently the longest, and the general length pattern was 3rd > 4th > 5th > 1st metacarpal in both genders. Men generally had larger metacarpal dimensions than women, except for intramedullary diameter, which showed minimal sex-related differences. Notably, the medullary cavity's narrowest part was at the 4th metacarpal, and the thumb had the widest intramedullary diameter.
Conclusion This study provides valuable anatomical reference data for metacarpals in an Indian population, aiding in optimizing surgical techniques for metacarpal fractures. The 2nd metacarpal consistently stood out as the longest, and men generally had larger metacarpal dimensions than women. These insights into anatomical variations can inform clinical decisions and stimulate further research in this field. However, a larger and more diverse sample would enhance the study's representativeness.