bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dengue transmission in the Asia‐Pacific region: impact of climate change and socio‐environmental factors
Authors: Banu Shahera , Hu Wenbiao , Hurst Cameron , Tong Shilu 
Published: February 2011

SummaryObjective  To review the scientific evidence about the impact of climate change and socio‐environmental factors on dengue transmission, particularly in the Asia‐Pacific region.Methods  Search of the published literature on PubMed, ISI web of Knowledge and Google Scholar. Articles were included if an association between climate or socio‐environmental factors and dengue transmission was assessed in any country of the Asia‐Pacific region.Results  Twenty‐two studies met the inclusion criteria. The weight of the evidence indicates that global climate change is likely to affect the seasonal and geographical distribution of dengue fever (DF) in the Asia‐Pacific region. However, empirical evidence linking DF to climate change is inconsistent across geographical locations and absent in some countries where dengue is endemic.Conclusion  Even though climate change may play an increasing role in the transmission of DF, no clear evidence shows that such impact has already occurred. More research is needed across countries to better understand the relationship between climate change and dengue transmission. Future research should also consider and adjust for the influence of important socio‐environmental factors in the assessment of the climate change‐related effects on dengue transmission.
Use of multivariate statistics to separate allelopathic and competitive factors influencing weed suppression ability in winter wheat
Authors: BERTHOLDSSON N‐O 
Published: February 2011

Bertholdsson N‐O (2011). Use of multivariate statistics to separate allelopathic and competitive factors influencing weed suppression ability in winter wheat. Weed Research51, 273–283.SummaryThere is an increasing interest in an integrated, less herbicide‐dependent approach to weed management, based on combinations of cultivation practices and competitive crops. More competitive cultivars are essential to this approach and breeders need to know how to breed such. It is known that early vigour and extensive early season vegetative growth are important traits. The questions are, which is most efficient to use in breeding and if allelopathy should be bred for? Weed suppressive ability (WSA) of 12 winter wheat, two rye and two triticale cultivars was studied in a 2‐year field trial with natural weeds and under‐sown Apera spica‐venti and rapeseed (Brassica napus). Crop biomass, shoot length, straw length and plantlet root length and root weight were analysed. Biomass growth in autumn and spring was studied in weed‐free plots using multispectral analysis. Grain yield, winter hardiness and maturity data were collected from official variety tests in Sweden. Allelopathic activity was assessed with use of a bioassay. Factor analysis showed that early season crop biomass and allelopathy were two traits explaining most of the variance in weed biomass. It was predicted by partial least square regression models that weed biomass could be reduced by 60%, if both crop biomass and allelopathy are improved to the levels of triticale. An improvement of allelopathy alone should reduce weed biomass by 18–28%. The factor analysis and multivariate models showed that WSA could be improved without a negative trade‐off in grain yield or winter hardiness.
The role of catechin and epicatechin in chemical defense against damping‐off fungi of current‐year Fagus crenata seedlings in natural forest
Authors: Yamaji K. , Ichihara Y. 
Published: February 2011

SummaryCurrent‐year Fagus crenata seedlings survive damping‐off in the forest‐edge plot compared to those in the closed‐stand plot. Greater illumination found in the forest‐edge plot is likely to influence the defense of seedlings against pathogenic attack, by increasing the amount of phenolic compounds and forming periderm. This study aimed to clarify the chemical defense system by (i) isolation of antifungal compounds from seedling hypocotyls in the forest‐edge plot, (ii) quantification of antifungal compounds in hypocotyls in the forest‐edge and closed‐stand plots, (iii) estimation of their antifungal activities against Cylindrocarpon sp. and Colletotrichum dematium and (iv) clarification of localization of phenolics in the hypocotyl tissues. Catechin and epicatechin were isolated as antifungal compounds showing inhibition of microconidia germination of Cylindrocarpon sp. and mycelial growth of Cylindrocarpon sp. and C. dematium. In the beginning of July when damping‐off was the most severe in the closed‐stand plot, the total amount of catechin and epicatechin in the forest‐edge seedlings was approximately three times greater than that in the closed‐stand seedlings. Flavan‐3‐ols, including catechin and epicatechin, were distributed mainly in the epidermal tissue on June 1 and in cortical tissues on June 15 and July 6, all from plants harvested from the forest‐edge plot. We conclude that F. crenata could survive damping‐off through chemical defense via catechin and epicatechin production and its distribution in seedling hypocotyls.
Isolation and application of chromosome 6 specific microsatellite markers for detection of QTL for milk‐production traits in cattle
Authors: Kühn Ch. , Weikard R. , Goldammer T. , Grupe S. , Olsaker I. , Schwerin M. 
Published: February 2011

SummaryBasic techniques for generation of chromosome fragment specific markers providing a prerequisite for high resolution mapping were developed. QTL detection for milk production traits on bovine chromosome 6 was performed in five German HF half sib families according to a granddaughter design. Testing 11 informative chromosome 6 markers locus order was established. For each son and marker locus the inherited paternal allele was determined and mean BVs for milk production traits of those sons receiving the alternative paternal alleles were determined. Significant differences could be detected in 3 families. There is indication for at least two QTL with different effects in the vicinity, but probably not within the casein locus itself.ZusammenfassungIsolierung und Nutzung chromosomen‐spezifischer Mikrosatellitenmarker für den Nachweis von QTL für Milchleistungsmerkmale heim RindGrundlegende Techniken für die Erzeugung boviner chromosomenfragmentspezifischer Marker, die eine Voraussetzung für die Feinkartierung von Merkmalen darstellen, wurden entwickelt. Eine Untersuchung auf QTL für Milchleistungsmerkmale auf Chromosom 6 wurde in 5 HF Halbgeschwisterfamilien entsprechend einem Granddaughter‐Design durchgeführt. für 11 in das Projekt einbezogene Marker des Chromosoms 6 wurde die Anordnung auf dem Chromosom bestimmt. Bei jedem Sohn wurde an jedem Markerlocus das Allel bestimmt, welches er vom Vater ererbt hatte. Nachfolgend wurden die mittleren Zuchtwerte der Gruppe von Söhnen mit den alternativen Vater‐Allelen verglichen. In drei der untersuchten Familien konnten signifikante Unterschiede nachgewiesen werden. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dai mindestens zwei QTL mit unterschiedlichen Effekten in der Nachbarschaft, aber vermutlich nicht innerhalb des Kasein‐Locus auf dem bovinen Chromosom 6 vorhanden sind.
Chemical composition, in vitro digestibility and gas production of straws from different varieties and accessions of chickpea
Authors: Kafilzadeh F. , Maleki E. 
Published: February 2011

SummaryChemical composition, in vitro digestibility and gas production of straw from four different varieties of Kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum) were studied. Kinetics of fermentation of straws from 19 different accessions of chickpea was also evaluated using gas production technique. Significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed in the yield of straw [from 1041 to 1174 kg dry matter (DM)/ha] from different varieties. The proportion of seed/straw from different varieties varied from 0.61 to 0.93. Crude protein, neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre content of straw ranged from 28.1 to 35.8, 598.6 to 645.4 and 459.2 to 473.4 g/kg DM respectively. Organic matter digestibility was different (p < 0.05) among varieties and varied from 471.4 to 535.5 g/kg DM. Potential gas production (A), the rate constants (c and d) and lag times of straws from different chickpea varieties were not different (p > 0.05). However, the rate constants (c and d) and lag times were different (p < 0.05) among accessions. Potential gas production (A) differed (p < 0.05) approximately twofold among different accessions. The results emphasized that in any evaluation of chickpea varieties or accessions, where straw of this legume seed is used as an animal feed, not only seed yield but also yield and quality of straw should be taken into consideration.
Chitosan Reduces Bacterial Spot Severity and Acts in Phenylpropanoid Metabolism in Tomato Plants
Authors: Coqueiro Danila Souza Oliveira , Maraschin Marcelo , Piero Robson Marcelo Di 
Published: February 2011

AbstractChitosan has recently shown potential for the control of plant diseases and can act as an elicitor in the induction of defence mechanisms. This study was made to assess the effect of chitosan on bacterial spot control caused by Xanthomonas gardneri in tomato plants. The chitosans used were commercial (Ccom), low molecular weight (Clmw) and medium molecular weight (Cmmw). Chitosans provided disease protection of up to 56%, with best results from Clmw at 3 mg/ml, applied 3 days prior to bacterial inoculation. The spectrophotometric profile of tomato plants that were treated with Clmw showed an increase of absorbance between wavelengths 280 and 300 mm, indicating that the polysaccharide may have induced the plants into synthesizing different compounds as a response to X. gardneri. The analysis of total phenolic compounds and flavonoids supported the results obtained in spectrophotometric scanning, showing a significant increase of those metabolites 3 days after inoculation. Therefore, chitosan has the capability of controlling bacterial spot in tomato plants, which is thought to be attributable to the induction of defence mechanisms in the plant.
Genetic effects and heterosis of the fibre colour and quality of brown cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)
Authors: Feng Hong‐Jie , Sun Jun‐Ling , Wang Jie , Jia Ying‐Hua , Zhang Xin‐Yu , Pang Bao‐Ying , Sun Jie , Du Xiong‐Ming 
Published: February 2011

With 1 figure and 8 tables AbstractThe genetic effects and heterosis of the colour and quality of brown fibres were analysed in this paper through the complete 5 × 5 diallel crossing among two brown cotton cultivars and three white cotton cultivars in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Parents and F1 were arranged in a randomized block design in three locations. The results showed that the inheritability for all the traits has exceeded 50%, with significant dominance effect at the 0.01 level. The additive effect of fibre colour, lint percentage, elongation and strength was also significant at the 0.01 level, reaching 85.6%, 29.7%, 16.1% and 19.1%, respectively. The ratio of residual variance of lint percentage and fibre qualities was 29.5 – 45.9%, that of colour was only 1.1%. Fibre colour had significant negative correlation with lint percentage, fibre length, uniformity, elongation and strength. The mid‐parent heterosis of fibre colour was negative, which was −0.7%; those of lint percentage, fibre length, uniformity and strength were 3.5%, 4.2%, 1.7% and 2.6%, respectively, reaching the significant level. The simple correlation coefficient between heterosis of fibre length and strength and SSR genetic distance was 0.718 and 0.724, respectively, with a significant level. For the heterosis utilizing, the fibre quality of F1 could be predicted via the mean value of the fibre qualities of parents or the SSR genetic difference among varieties (lines). Selection among the early hybrid generations was suggested. Regional planning could be applied to improve lint percentage and fibre qualities by taking advantage of environmental variation.
A new gene for hybrid sterility from a cross between Oryza sativa and O. glaberrima
Authors: Li F. , Liu F. H. , Morinaga D. , Zhao Z. 
Published: February 2011

With 4 figures and 2 tables Abstract Oryza glaberrima is a valuable and potential source of useful genes of interest for rice improvement. However, hybrid sterility between O. sativa and O. glaberrima is a main reproduction barrier when favourable traits/genes are transferred from O. glaberrima to O. sativa. Understanding of the nature of hybrid sterility is critical and will contribute to overcome this problem. In this study, a new gene from O. glaberrima was mapped as a Mendelian factor controlling hybrid sterility in an advanced backcross population derived from one accession of O. glaberrima as a donor parent and ‘Danjing 5’ (a japonica cultivar from Liaoning) as recurrent parent. Sterile plants as female parent from F1 were observed after six backcrosses. The BC6F1 population containing 47 plants was screened with 142 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers on all 12 chromosomes to analyse the pollen fertility. As a result, one locus qSS‐2 on chromosome 2 was distinct from all previously reported ones. A new locus designated as S36(t) was identified and mapped to interval between two SSRs RM208 (0.5 centiMorgans, cM) and RM482 (0.8 cM) on rice chromosome 2.
Hospital nurses' work environment, quality of care provided and career plans
Authors: Hinno S. , Partanen P. , Vehviläinen‐Julkunen K. 
Published: February 2011

HINNO S., PARTANEN P. & VEHVILÄINEN‐JULKUNEN K. (2011) Hospital nurses' work environment, quality of care provided and career plans. International Nursing Review58, 255–262Background:  In several European countries, the availability of qualified nurses is insufficient to meet current healthcare requirements. Nurses are highly dissatisfied with the rising demands of the healthcare environment and increasingly considering leaving their jobs.Aim:  The study aims to investigate the relationships between the characteristics of hospital nurses' work environment and the quality of care provided, and furthermore to examine Dutch nurses' career plans.Methods:  A cross‐sectional, questionnaire survey of registered nurses (n = 334) working in the academic and district hospitals was conducted in 2005/2006. Previously validated questionnaires translated into the participants' language were used. Factor and regression analysis were used for data analysis.Results:  Overall, nurses rated their work environment rather favourably. Five work environment characteristics were identified: support for professional development, adequate staffing, nursing competence, supportive management and teamwork. Significant relationships were found between nurses' perceptions of their work environment characteristics and quality of care provided and nurses' career plans. When work environment characteristics were evaluated to be better, nurse‐assessed quality of care also increased and intentions to leave current job decreased linearly.Conclusions:  Study findings suggest that nurses' perceptions of their work environment are important for nurse outcomes in hospital settings. Further research is needed to explore the predictive ability of the work environment for nurse, patient and organizational outcomes in hospitals.
The Recuperation of Participatory Arts Practices
Authors: Clements Paul 
Published: February 2011

AbstractCreative participation in the arts is a complex and abstract concept that bridges the gap between cultural production and its consumption. It is highly contextual and defined through a range of discourses besides aesthetics that concern access and inclusion, cultural identity, socio‐political rights, collective working, transformation and emancipation as advocated by community arts philosophy and praxis. These ideas are theoretically explored and critically evaluated in practice through three popular visual arts events in which the general public engaged and performed, demonstrating varying degrees of active involvement and dialogue. They also highlight the recuperation of radical cultural activism and communality where participation has become associated with spectacle and the co‐option of self‐determined thinking and resistance. Such cases are of obvious interest to community arts educators, particularly their value, the terms of participatory engagement and the extent to which radical non‐authoritarian and collective practices have been appropriated by cults of individuality and celebrity.
Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor activation stimulates hepatic lipid oxidation and restores hepatic signalling alteration induced by a high‐fat diet in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Svegliati‐Baroni Gianluca , Saccomanno Stefania , Rychlicki Chiara , Agostinelli Laura , De Minicis Samuele , Candelaresi Cinzia , Faraci Graziella , Pacetti Deborah , Vivarelli Marco , Nicolini Daniele , Garelli Paolo , Casini Alessandro , Manco Melania , Mingrone Geltrude , Risaliti Andrea , Frega Giuseppe N. , Benedetti Antonio , Gastaldelli Amalia 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Background/Aims: High‐fat dietary intake and low physical activity lead to insulin resistance, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Recent studies have shown an effect of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) on hepatic glucose metabolism, although GLP‐1 receptors (GLP‐1r) have not been found in human livers. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of hepatic GLP‐1r and the effect of exenatide, a GLP‐1 analogue, on hepatic signalling.
Methods: The expression of GLP‐1r was evaluated in human liver biopsies and in the livers of high‐fat diet‐treated rats. The effect of exenatide (100 nM) was evaluated in hepatic cells of rats fed 3 months with the high‐fat diet.
Results: GLP‐1r is expressed in human hepatocytes, although reduced in patients with NASH. Similarly, in rats with NASH resulted from 3 months of the high‐fat diet, we found a decreased expression of GLP‐1r and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ), and reduced peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α (PPARα) activity. Incubation of hepatocytes with exenatide increased PPARγ expression, which also exerted an insulin‐sensitizing action by reducing JNK phosphorylation. Moreover, exenatide increased protein kinase A (PKA) activity, Akt and AMPK phosphorylation and determined a PKA‐dependent increase of PPARα activity.
Conclusions: GLP‐1 has a direct effect on hepatocytes, by activating genes involved in fatty acid β‐oxidation and insulin sensitivity. GLP‐1 analogues could be a promising treatment approach to improve hepatic insulin resistance in patients with NAFLD/NASH.
Dimension of the facial bone wall in the anterior maxilla: a cone‐beam computed tomography study
Authors: Januário Alessandro Lourenço , Duarte Wagner Rodrigues , Barriviera Mauricio , Mesti Juliana Cristina , Araújo Mauricio Guimarães , Lindhe Jan 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjective: To determine the thickness of the facial bone wall in the anterior dentition of the maxilla and at different locations apical to the cemento‐enamel junction (CEJ).Material and methods: Two‐hundred and fifty subjects, aged between 17 and 66 years, with all maxillary front teeth present were included. Written informed consents were obtained. Cone‐beam computed tomography scans were performed with the iCAT unit. This examination included all tooth and edentulous sites in the dentition. The images were acquired by means of the iCAT software and processed by a computer. Measurements of the (i) distance between the CEJ and the facial bone crest and (ii) the thickness of the facial bone wall were performed. The bone wall dimensions were assessed at three different positions in relation to the facial bone crest, i.e., at distances of 1, 3, and 5 mm apical to the crest.Results: The measurements demonstrated that (i) the distance between the CEJ and the facial bone crest varied between 1.6 and 3 mm and (ii) the facial bone wall in most locations in all tooth sites examined was ≤1 mm thick and that close to 50% of sites had a bone wall thickness that was ≤0.5 mm.Conclusion: Most tooth sites in the anterior maxilla have a thin facial bone wall. Such a thin bone wall may undergo marked dimensional diminution following tooth extraction. This fact must be considered before tooth removal and the planning of rehabilitation in the anterior segment of the dentition in the maxilla.To cite this article:
Januário AL, Duarte WR, Barriviera M, Mesti JC, Araújo MG, Lindhe J. Dimension of the facial bone wall in the anterior maxilla: a cone‐beam computed tomography study. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 22, 2011; 1168–1171 doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2010.02086.x. 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2010.02086.x
Relationships among invasive common carp, native fishes and physicochemical characteristics in upper Midwest (USA) lakes
Authors: Weber Michael J. , Brown Michael L. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract –  Common carp Cyprinus carpio is a widespread invasive species that, in high abundance, can impose numerous deleterious effects in aquatic ecosystems. Common carp increase turbidity and nutrient availability while reducing invertebrate prey resources and aquatic macrophytes, transforming shallow lakes from the clear‐ to turbid‐water state. However, potential effects of common carp on native fish communities have received limited attention. We evaluated the relationships among relative abundances of nine native fishes and common carp for 81 lakes in eastern South Dakota and their associated physicochemical characteristics. Inverse threshold relationships among relative abundances of native fishes and common carp were identified for black bullhead Ameiurus melas, black crappie Pomoxis nigromaculatus, bluegill Lepomis macrochirus, white bass Morone chrysops and northern pike Esox lucius, while marginally significant relationships were detected for largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides and smallmouth bass M. dolomieu. Lakes where common carp relative abundance exceeded 0.6 fish per net night had low abundance of native fishes, whereas lower abundance of common carp resulted in variable abundance of native fishes. Lakes with abundance of common carp surpassing 0.6 fish per net night were also characterised by larger surface areas and watersheds and impaired water quality (higher dissolved solids and chlorophyll a concentrations and lower secchi depth). Our results are consistent with the biotic‐abiotic constraining hypothesis that proposes biotic factors can regulate fish populations regardless of abiotic conditions. Thus, common carp abundance may need to be reduced and sustained below ecological thresholds to improve water quality and increase abundance of native fishes.