bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calcium Supplementation- Efficacy and Safety
Authors: Reid Ian R. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose of Review
To assess the efficacy of calcium supplements in preventing fractures, and to review their adverse effects, particularly on the cardiovascular system.

Recent Findings
There is now a large body of trial evidence demonstrating that calcium supplements do not prevent fractures in community-dwelling adults. They commonly produce gastrointestinal side-effects, sometimes serious, and increase the risk of renal calculi. Meta-analyses of adverse events from clinical trials suggest that the risk of MI is increased by 10–20% with calcium supplementation, though dietary calcium intake does not appear to be a cardiac risk factor. Ingestion of a calcium bolus increases circulating calcium concentrations for the following 8 h, accompanied by acute increases in blood coagulability and calcification propensity, with blood pressures > 5 mmHg higher than placebo-treated individuals. Mendelian randomization studies demonstrate that circulating calcium levels are a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease, so the acute calcium-elevating effect of supplements might contribute to increased cardiovascular risk.

Summary
The current balance of evidence suggests that calcium supplements have little role in the prevention or treatment of osteoporosis, since estrogen and bisphosphonates prevent fractures without their co-administration. Specific studies are needed to address whether calcium is benficial with anabolic bone medicines.
Imaging the 3D basin structure of the Santa Clara Valley by ambient noise tomography
Authors: Cho Hyejeong , Lee Sang-Jun , Kim Seongryong , Rhie Junkee , Kang Tae-Seob 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The seismic velocity structure of sedimentary basins in urban areas is important for seismic hazard assessment. Ambient noise tomography (ANT) was applied to generate a velocity model of the Santa Clara Valley (SCV), one of the major urban sedimentary basins in the USA. A three-dimensional shear-wave velocity model was constructed, including depths of up to 4 km using 5-month and 1-year short-period data recorded by temporary and permanent arrays. Despite the difficulty in using ANT to analyze short-period data, our results allowed us to distinguish two small basins located in the southwestern and northeastern parts of the SCV, which correspond to the Cupertino and Evergreen basins, respectively. The basins cover approximately 25–100 km2 area and have 2.5–3 km of basement depth by assuming shear wave velocity at the basement as 2.5 km/s based on rapid velocity changes of the model. This implies that although only short-term short-period data are available, the ANT can be an appropriate option for constructing velocity models of regional areas with complex structures. Thus, we expect that our data will support the active use of ANT in conjunction with other imaging methods for seismic hazard assessment of urban sedimentary basin areas.
Prediction of Dimensional Accuracy and Surface Quality in Additively Manufactured Biomedical Implants Using ANN
Authors: Karadag Arif , Ulkir Osman 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study investigates the prediction of fused deposition modeling (FDM) process parameters for manufacturing biomedical implants with high dimensional accuracy and surface quality. Biomedical implants were fabricated in circular, triangular, and pentagonal geometries to accommodate different anatomical requirements, using three materials selected for their biomedical applicability and mechanical properties. These materials are polylactic acid (PLA), polyethylene terephthalate glycol, and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). This research utilizes the Taguchi L27 orthogonal array methodology to analyze the influence of five critical printing parameters: material type, layer thickness (200–300–400 µm), infill density (30%–60%–90%), infill pattern (zigzag, cubic, and triangle), and wall thickness (1–2–3 mm). The analysis of variance demonstrated that material type and layer thickness are the most significant factors, contributing 49.25% and 17.97%, respectively, to dimensional accuracy in circular geometries. Surface roughness measurements showed that layer thickness (30.95%) and material type (31.28%) are dominant factors affecting surface quality. The optimum parameters for dimensional accuracy were determined as PLA material, zigzag infill pattern, 2 mm wall thickness, 30% infill density and 200 µm layer thickness, while the highest surface quality was achieved with PLA material, triangle infill pattern, 3 mm wall thickness, 90% infill density and 200 µm layer thickness. An artificial neural network model was developed to predict dimensional accuracy and surface quality, achieving high correlation coefficients (R2 > 0.96) between predicted and experimental results across all geometric configurations. These findings offer valuable guidelines for predicting and optimizing parameters in FDM-based biomedical implant manufacturing, advancing precision medicine by enhancing additive manufacturing processes and implant performance.
Unveiling Land Use Dynamics: Insights from a Hierarchical Bayesian Spatio-Temporal Modelling of Compositional Data
Authors: Figueira Mario , Guarner Carmen , Conesa David , López-Quílez Antonio , Krisztin Tamás 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Changes in land use patterns have significant environmental and socio-economic impacts, making it crucial for policymakers to understand their causes and consequences. This study, part of the European LAMASUS (Land Management for Sustainability) project, aims to support the EU’s climate neutrality target by developing a governance model through collaboration among policymakers, land users, and researchers. We present a methodological synthesis for treating land use data using a Bayesian approach within spatial and spatio-temporal modelling frameworks. The study tackles the challenges of analysing land use changes, particularly the presence of zero values and computational issues with large datasets. It introduces joint model structures to address zeros and employs sequential inference and consensus methods for Big Data problems. Spatial downscaling models approximate smaller scales from aggregated data, circumventing high-resolution data complications. We explore Beta regression and Compositional Data Analysis (CoDa) for land use data, review relevant spatial and spatio-temporal models, and present strategies for handling zeros. The paper demonstrates the implementation of key models, downscaling techniques, and solutions to Big Data challenges with examples from simulated data and the LAMASUS project, providing a comprehensive framework for understanding and managing land use changes.
Virtual ethnography of “China travel” content: an empirical study across short video platforms
Authors: Wang Minglin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
With the advent of China’s 72/144-h visa-free policy, more and more “China Travel” social media content has appeared on two short video platforms, TikTok and Douyin. Social media platforms are an important medium for intercultural communication in today’s world, and this study aims to analyze the phenomenon of autonomous communication of Chinese content on TikTok and Douyin. Our main goal is to reveal the effects of this intercultural communication and understand how it influences audiences’ perceptions and attitudes toward China. The study adopts a virtual ethnography approach to analyze the performance of bloggers in intercultural communication, and their influence on audiences through participatory observation and in-depth interviews. We found that these bloggers have essentially constructed third cultural spaces, and by displaying positive elements of China, they have helped their audiences to form a more positive and diversified image of China. Moreover, they have achieved a strong cross-cultural communication effect. However, this kind of communication still has limitations, such as the distortion of China’s image due to an othering perspective, as based on Orientalism and the audience’s romantic gaze. This study explores the third cultural membership as a new avenue of international communication, and provides empirical support for the utilization of short video platforms in the field of public diplomacy.
Making Tens with Four Hands: Touchscreen-Based Classroom Activity for Early Number Learning
Authors: Ng Oi-Lam , Yeung Wing-Leung 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
As schools increasingly embrace embodied learning, there is a growing need to incorporate classroom teaching and learning activities that recognize the body’s role as both an individual and collective resource for cognition and instruction. In response, we present a design for a classroom teaching sequence focused on early number learning, featuring pedagogical activities supported by TouchCounts (TC) and engaged by pairs of children using their four hands. These activities showcase the potential of embodied learning for children to explore concepts such as odd and even numbers, as well as the composition and decomposition of numbers up to and including ten. We elaborate on the functionalities of TC, outline the teaching sequence, and offer episodes of our classroom observations. Specifically, we present three lesson snapshots aimed at first-graders (aged 6 to 7) using a class set of TC, student learning outcomes, and notable observations as students interact with the touchscreen environment. For example, we note that the student pairs used their hands to reinforce, extend, and redirect mathematical ideas; besides, they developed a collective discourse through (gestural) subitizing the number of fingers that they (and their partner) put up (and folded down). This snapshot explicates the collective learning experiences in classroom settings involving pair-work activities and informs existing work on embodied (mathematical) cognition beyond how students learn with their bodies individually.
Coupling research on employment centers and their service area with rail transit network-a case study of Shanghai, China
Authors: Jun-Li Wang , Gang-Yu Hu , Jian-Zhong Huang , Tian-Ran Zhang , Jing-Xin Wang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The coordination between urban space and transportation system facilitates the healthy development of urban spatial structure. The coupling of employment centers with the rail transit network is significantly important for optimizing urban spatial structure, developing employment centers and ensuring the efficient operation of rail transit. The urban rail transit network represents a typical complex network system, where calculating centrality and other indicators based on its spatial topology is crucial for analyzing of network and node characteristics. Using Baidu LBS data and rail transit network data in Shanghai as a case study, this paper examines the distribution, level and service area of urban employment centers. It assesses these factors based on employment density and commuting connection intensity, identifying hinterlands and spheres of influence. Additionally, the paper constructs the topological network of the rail transit system and calculates its topological indices. It analyzes the external spatial coupling patterns and internal interaction mechanisms among employment centers, their service areas, and the rail transit network. This analysis provides recommendations for optimizing Shanghai's spatial structure and rail transit system. Key findings include: 1) The method based on employment density effectively identifies major employment centers in Shanghai's central urban areas. 2) Employment centers are predominantly concentrated in Shanghai's central urban areas, forming multiple employment cores, with indications of a developing "dual core" trend along both sides of the Huangpu River. Various types of employment centers exhibit distinct hinterlands and spheres of influence based on location, industry, and land use functions. Compared to other centers, regional center has a strong distribution of sphere of influence of employment centers. 3) The number and accessibility of rail transit stations significantly influence the ability to gather large numbers of employees, supporting the radial expansion of employment centers. Intermediary hub stations are crucial for managing passenger flows between suburbs and the city center.4) Shanghai needs to enhance the construction of multi-modal rail transit network, improve construction standards, and integrate suburban employment centers with local influence zones to develop a multi-level rail transit network that provides essential support for suburban employment centers.
Handshake antimicrobial stewardship for adult surgical patients
Authors: Kosharek Abby , Neuner Elizabeth , Welch Emily , January Spenser , Bewley Alice , Hsueh Kevin , Sayood Sena 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective:
Evaluate the effects of handshake stewardship on adult general surgical units.

Design:
Retrospective quasi-experimental pre- and post-intervention study.

Setting:
A total of 1,278 bed academic medical center with a level 1 trauma center in St. Louis, Missouri.

Patients:
Adults admitted to general surgery units.

Intervention:
Once weekly handshake antimicrobial stewardship rounds were initiated in January 2022 on adult general surgery units. The handshake stewardship team consisted of an infectious diseases (ID) physician and pharmacist who reviewed charts of patients receiving systemic antimicrobials without a formal ID consult. Antimicrobial recommendations were delivered in person to general surgery teams including trauma, geriatric trauma, and emergency/general surgery.

Results:
A total of 1,241 charts were reviewed during the post-implementation period with 391 interventions. Seventy-two percent of those interventions were accepted and the acceptance rate improved over the 18-month post-implementation period. Total antimicrobial usage significantly decreased between the pre- and post-implementation period (608 vs 542 d of therapy/1,000 d present, P = 0.004). An interrupted time series found that there was an immediate (P < 0.001) and sustained (P < 0.001) decrease in antibiotic spectrum index during the post-implementation period. No difference was found for in-hospital mortality between the pre- and post-implementation periods [28 (1%) vs 29 (1%), P = 0.791].

Conclusion:
A once-weekly handshake antimicrobial stewardship program was successfully implemented in general surgery units. Antimicrobial use significantly decreased without negatively impacting hospital mortality.
Development of a multi-year pediatric antibiogram in Georgia identifies antibiotic resistance changes over the past ten years
Authors: Linam Matthew , Goldstein Madeleine , Huang Tracy , Westbrook Adrianna , Jerris Robert C. , Gonzalez Mark D. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background:
Antibiograms monitor antibiotic resistance trends and help guide empiric antibiotic treatment. A statewide pediatric antibiogram can help inform stewardship efforts.

Methods:
Annual pediatric antibiograms for the five children’s hospitals in Georgia from 2014–2023 were collected. All sites used the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines for antibiogram development. Antibiogram data were combined, and the most common bacteria were included: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae complex and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Interhospital differences were compared for methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), E. coli and K. pneumoniae. The combined data from 2014 and 2023 were compared to demonstrate antibiotic susceptibility changes over time.

Results:
Data in 2023 for MSSA and MRSA showed clindamycin susceptibility was 78% and 82%, respectively. S. pneumoniae susceptibility to amoxicillin/clavulanate was 96%. E. faecalis resistance to ampicillin and vancomycin was rare. For all included gram-negative bacteria, susceptibility remained high to 3rd generation cephalosporins (90%–92%) and meropenem (95%–99%). From 2014 to 2023, the rate of MRSA decreased from 49% to 33.5%. S. pneumoniae susceptibility to amoxicillin/clavulanate and clindamycin significantly increased. For E. coli, there was a significant decrease in susceptibility for cefazolin (90% to 84%), ceftriaxone (95% to 92%), and meropenem (100% to 99%). There were nonsignificant decreases in susceptibility for K. pneumoniae.

Conclusion:
Over the past 10 years, MRSA rates decreased, S. pneumoniae antibiotic susceptibility increased, and gram-negative bacilli susceptibility was stable to slightly decreased. Georgia antibiogram data support the recommended antibiotic treatment for common pediatric infections.
Simulation of global sea surface temperature maps using Pix2Pix GAN
Authors: Chakraborty Deepayan , Mitra Adway 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Simulated data from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) has been very important for climate science research, as they can provide wide spatio-temporal coverage to address data deficiencies in both present and future scenarios. However, these physics-based models require a huge amount of high-performance computing (HPC) resources. As an alternative approach, researchers are exploring if such simulated data can be generated by Generative Machine Learning models. In this work, we develop a model based on Pix2Pix conditional Generative Adversarial Network (cGAN), which can generate high-resolution spatial maps of global sea surface temperature (SST) using comparatively less computing power and time. We have shown that the maps generated by these models have similar statistical characteristics as the CMIP6 model simulations. Notably, we trained and validated our cGAN model on completely distinct time periods across all ensemble members of the EC-Earth3-CC and CMCC-CM2-SR5 CMIP6 models, demonstrating satisfactory results and confirming the generalizability of our proposed model.
Introduction
Authors: Popp Andrew 
Published: February 2025

Welcome to Volume 25, No. 4 of Enterprise & Society. By tradition, this issue carries the presidential address delivered at the annual meeting of the Business History Conference. Sharon Murphy delivered a compelling talk on the topic “Doing Business in the Public Interest,” intermixing sharp reflections with personal family history. We are delighted to present Sharon’s fine essay here. Also, by tradition, this issue carries summaries of the dissertations shortlisted for the Krooss Prize at the annual meeting in the spring. This year four finalists presented their work to the conference. The four finalists were Manuel Bautista-González, Liane Hewitt, Jordan Howell, and Ellen Nye. This year’s winner of the Herman E. Krooss Prize for Best Dissertation in Business History was Ellen Nye. Unfortunately, personal circumstances have prevented Dr. Bautista-González from completing his summary in time for this issue, but we look forward to publishing his contribution as soon as possible.
Differences in stewardship strategies between hospitals performing well and poorly on a risk-adjusted metric for post-discharge antibiotic use
Authors: Livorsi Daniel J. , Merchant James A. , Cho Hyunkeun , Goetz Matthew Bidwell , Alexander Bruce , Beck Brice , Goto Michihiko 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Stewardship processes were compared across 123 hospitals that differed on a risk-adjusted post-discharge antibiotic use metric. Low-performing hospitals were less likely than high-performing hospitals to report routine interactions between their stewardship physician and pharmacist(s) (OR 0.12, 95% CI 0.03–0.55) and to have local antibiotic-prescribing guidelines (OR 0.21, 95% CI 0.05–0.93)
Mini-Publics, (Lack of) Representativeness, and Legitimacy Beliefs
Authors: Germann Micha 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The participants in deliberative mini-publics are typically randomly selected; therefore, mini-publics are often marketed as representative of the wider population. However, in practice, mini-publics are unlikely to be fully representative due to their small size and non-response bias. I report the results of a pre-registered survey experiment designed to assess the implications of deviations from statistical representativeness for citizens’ legitimacy beliefs (N = 1,308). Consistent with prior research, I find that the involvement of a mini-public in democratic decision-making can lead to substantial increases in perceptions of process legitimacy; however, even minor biases in the composition of mini-publics substantially decrease those gains while larger biases can wipe them out entirely. The results of this study temper hopes that mini-publics offer an easy fix to perceptions of low democratic legitimacy.
The Spillover of the US Capitol Insurrection: Reducing Expressed Support for Domestic Far-Right Parties
Authors: Chan Ka Ming 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Although far-right insurrections often catch worldwide attention, little is known about whether and how these autocratization events affect other countries. This article studies the spillover of a prototype of such coup attempts – the January 6th Capitol insurrection. I argue that a far-right insurrection abroad can trigger a transnational learning process, which increases the salience of the far-right’s anti-democratic potential. Consequently, due to shaming and changes in voting calculus, citizens are less likely to support a domestic far-right party. To test this expectation, I use two panel datasets in Western Europe fielded amid the Capitol insurrection. Both analyses show that the expressed support for domestic far-right parties decreased after this autocratization event. I discuss how these findings enrich the literature on autocratization, the far-right, and transnational learning.
Navigating Lingala: Linguistic Change, Political Power, and Everyday Authoritarianism in Congo-Zaire, 1965–97
Authors: Castillo Joshua 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
I argue that navigating Lingala represented a central part of many Zairians’ experiences of Mobutu’s regime (1965–97), causing linguistic change, shaping their relationships to state power, and influencing their experiences of the regime’s everyday authoritarianism. Mobutu’s regime imposed Lingala through informal language practices including political rallies, songs, and slogans, interactions with state agents, and Mobutu’s own practice of addressing audiences nation-wide in Lingala. Zairians navigated the regime’s imposition of Lingala in different, and often divergent ways along a spectrum from rejection and opposition to acquisition and embrace. Where some Zairians, especially Kiswahili speakers in the East, rejected Lingala and criticized the language — critiquing Mobutu’s authoritarian rule in the process — other Zairians, particularly people in the Kikongo and Ciluba national language zones adapted to Mobutu’s new linguistic dispensation by learning to speak and understand Lingala, improving their relationship with the state and facilitating life under Mobutu’s rule.
Historical Scholarship and the Public Square: The Belgian Commission on Colonialism Through the Lens of Wiriyamu
Authors: Dhada Mustafah 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This piece troubleshoots an array of epistemological, political, and practical difficulties involved in public studies of colonial atrocities. It explores the deficiencies of the Commission on Colonialism backed by the Belgian parliament between 2020–22, and suggests pathways for facilitating a fuller accounting of colonial wrongs. The argument leverages the author’s experiences in investigating and publicizing the colonial massacre of Mozambican civilians in Wiriyamu in 1972, which culminated in a public apology from Portugal’s prime minister in 2022.