bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Unenhanced and Enhanced Imaging Protocols for Angle Measurements With Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Deokule Sunil , Alencar Luciana , Vizzeri Gianmarco , Medeiros Felipe , Weinreb Robert N. 
Published: December 2011

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To compare the intraobserver and interobserver agreement of anterior chamber angle measurements using unenhanced and enhanced imaging protocols for anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Anterior segments of 30 eyes of 15 healthy subjects (mean age: 33.8 ± 13.0 years, 8 women) were imaged by a single examiner with AS-OCT using unenhanced and enhanced imaging protocol. Two masked observers analyzed each image independently on two separate occasions. The reproducibility of angle parameters was estimated by calculating coefficients of variation separately for each observer. Bland–Altman plots were constructed to assess the intraobserver and interobserver agreement.

RESULTS:
The intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility was similar between imaging protocols. Intra-observer and interobserver agreements were also similar for all parameters evaluated. The best estimate of scleral spur location was determined in all images by both observers.

CONCLUSION:
Measurement variability was similar with the unenhanced and enhanced imaging protocol in this series of eyes with open angles.
Managing Agitated Behaviour in People with Alzheimer's Disease: The Role of Live Music
Authors: Cox Elissa , Nowak Madeleine , Buettner Petra 
Published: December 2011

Background: Agitation due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) presents a challenge to occupational therapists working in the older people care sector. Recently, background music and music therapy have emerged as promising tools in the management of agitation in AD. This exploratory study investigated whether live music could reduce agitated behaviour in people with AD. Method: A quasi-experimental one-group repeated measures design investigated the effect of a live, one-to-one, musical violin intervention on agitated behaviour in people with moderate-severe AD in a residential care facility. Seven participants received the musical intervention on three occasions. Participants were video recorded before, during and after each session. Behaviour was assessed by the investigator and a blinded assessor, using an investigator-modified Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory. Thirty agitated behaviours were examined. Data were analysed using the Friedman test. Results: This intervention reduced agitated behaviour among participants. Significant reductions in pacing/aimless wandering (p = 0.023), performing repetitious mannerisms (p = 0.036) and general restlessness (p = 0.007) were observed. The total number of agitated behaviours decreased significantly (median 5 [range 2–8] behaviours before the intervention to 1 [range 0–4] during and 1 [range 0–5] after the intervention [p = 0.005]). Conclusion: Live music may be an effective strategy to reduce short-term agitated behaviour among people with AD.
Elastomeric Impression Materials: A Comparison of Accuracy of Multiple Pours
Authors: Kumar Dheeraj , Madihalli Anand U , Reddy K Rajeev Kumar , Rastogi Namrataa , Pradeep NT 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT

Aim
The aim of the present study is to compare the various elastomeric impression materials in terms of accuracy and dimensional stability, with respect to obtaining multiple casts from a single elastomeric impression at various times of pours.

Materials and methods
Three master dies were prepared for the impression making, two of these were made of brass containing a central hole with undercuts. The third die simulated a conventionally prepared typodont maxillary central incisor. Three elastomeric impression materials were chosen for the study. Each impression was poured at various time periods. Casts thus obtained were evaluated under a traveling microscope to evaluate various dimensional changes.

Results
Addition silicones provided dies which were shorter in height and bigger in diameter. Polyethers provided dies which were shorter in both height and diameter. Condensation silicones showed insignificant changes from the master die at the immediate pour but deteriorated rapidly after that in subsequent pours.

Conclusion
None of the impression material showed a consistent behavior up to the fourth pour. They occasionally showed deviation from the pattern, but all these values were statistically insignificant. Polyethers showed lesser ability than both the addition silicones as well as the condensation silicones to recover from induced deformation.

Clinical significance
Addition silicones as well as the condensation silicones have better ability to recover from induced deformation when compared to polyether.

How to cite this article
Kumar D, Madihalli AU, Reddy KRK, Rastogi N, Pradeep NT. Elastomeric Impression Materials: A Comparison of Accuracy of Multiple Pours. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(4):272-278.
Menorrhagia and bleeding disorders in adolescent females
Authors: Halimeh S. 
Published: December 2011

SummaryIn women, von Willebrand disease (VWD) is the most common inherited bleeding disorder. Since VWD and other inherited bleeding disorders are autosomal disorders, they affect women and men. Menorrhagia, or heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB), is the most common symptom of women with bleeding disorder experience. Objectively, it is defined as bleeding that lasts for more than seven days or results in the loss of more than 80 ml of blood per menstrual cycle. The prevalence of menorrhagia in a woman with a bleeding disorder ranges from 32 to 100% in patients with VWD, from 5 to 98% in patients with a platelet dysfunction and from 35 to 70% in women with a rare factor deficiency. A detailed history and a careful physical exam are the first steps towards a diagnosis in adolescents, adding a PBAC > 100 increased the sensitivity of the screening tool further to 95%. Laboratory testing should be made at the time of menstrual bleeding in an effort to capture the lowest level of VWF : Ag and FVIII : C. Treatment options for menorrhagia in VWD: antifibrinolytic therapy with tranexamic acid, (2) the non-transfusional agent desmopressin (DDAVP), (3) purified blood products that contain factor VIII and VWF concentrated from plasma and (4) hormonal preparations.
Gradient‐enhanced TROSY described with Cartesian product operators
Authors: Zuiderweg Erik R.P. , Rousaki Aikaterini 
Published: November 2011

AbstractTROSY, Transverse Relaxation Optimized Spectroscopy, was developed more than a decade ago. Since that time, the 15N‐1H HSQC‐TROSY experiment has become the standard “fingerprint” correlation spectrum for proteins of high molecular weight. In addition, its implementation in protein triple resonance experiments has pushed the boundaries of NMR assignment up to about 100 kDa, making NMR a highly relevant technique in structural biology. TROSY exploits the dipole‐CSA cross‐correlated relaxation properties of the NH system and selects for the narrowest of the HSQC J‐correlation quartet in both dimensions. The original publications and reviews of TROSY use shift operators and/or single transition product operators to describe the TROSY coherence pathways selections. In this review, we offer a familiar Cartesian product operator approach to comprehensively describe all of the events in the modern TROSY pulse sequence such as multiplet selection, gradient coherence selection, gradient quadrature, and sensitivity enhancement. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 38: 280–288, 2011.
Theoretical modeling of 13C NMR chemical shifts—How to use the calculation results
Authors: Gryff‐Keller Adam 
Published: November 2011

AbstractOwing to wide accessibility of the general utility quantum chemistry programs, theoretical calculations of spectral parameters defining NMR spectra have become relatively easy for medium size molecules. This new and powerful tool allows investigators to perform much deeper interpretation of the NMR data and gain new information valuable for structural chemistry studies. It is usually realized and well understood that theoretical calculations of NMR parameters, as for any quantum mechanical calculations, have several limitations, difficult to overcome, and that the accuracy of calculation results is strongly dependent on the theoretical method applied. On the other hand, it is less commonly recognized that the effectiveness of all the combined calculational/spectroscopic approach depends meaningfully on the method of comparison of the experimental and theoretical data as well. This article is addressed primarily to experimental chemists who use in their everyday work 13C NMR spectroscopy to solve various structural and physicochemical problems. After recalling some basic concepts concerning NMR parameters and their calculations, some suggestions concerning the rational choice of the calculational method and the experiment/theory comparison method are formulated. To support these recommendations and convince the reader of their utility, several practical examples are presented in the text. All these concepts reflect the author's beliefs which, albeit well‐grounded, by no means should be treated as indispensable truths; they are rather worth considering as hints about how to solve various practical dilemmas. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 38: 289–307, 2011.
Prevalence of diabetes mellitus secondary to pancreatic diseases (type 3c)
Authors: Ewald N. , Kaufmann C. , Raspe A. , Kloer H. U. , Bretzel R. G. , Hardt P. D. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes mellitus secondary to pancreatic diseases is a condition seldom thought of in clinical practice. Yet, a high percentage of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency has been reported for the general population and especially for diabetic subjects. Thus, we investigated the prevalence of diabetes mellitus due to pancreatic diseases.MethodsIn this study, we investigated 1868 patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus who had been admitted to our hospital during the last 24 months. Patient data were diligently studied, and patients were reclassified according to the diabetes classification as proposed by the American Diabetes Association.ResultsAmong 1868 subjects, 172 patients could be classified as type 3c diabetes mellitus (9.2%). Among these were 135 diagnosed with chronic pancreatitis (78.5%), 12 with hereditary haemochromatosis, 14 with pancreatic cancer and 7 with cystic fibrosis. Thus, diabetes mellitus due to chronic pancreatitis occurred in this collective in 7.2% of all diabetic subjects. Misclassification of these patients was very common. Only 51.2% (88/172) were initially classified correctly. Most type 3 diabetes patients were initially misclassified as type 2 diabetes (69/84).ConclusionsDiabetes mellitus secondary to pancreatic diseases (especially chronic pancreatitis) seems more common than generally believed with a prevalence of 9.2% among the subjects studied here. Because the awareness of this diabetes type is poor, misclassification is quite frequent. A common problem seems to be the differentiation between type 2 and type 3. Yet, the right classification of diabetes mellitus is important, because there are special therapeutic options and problems in patients with diabetes secondary to pancreatic diseases. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Sox17‐mCherry fusion mouse line allows visualization of endoderm and vascular endothelial development
Authors: Burtscher Ingo , Barkey Wenke , Schwarzfischer Michael , Theis Fabian J. , Lickert Heiko 
Published: November 2011

AbstractSox17 is a HMG‐box transcription factor that has been shown to play important roles in both cardio‐vascular development and endoderm formation. To analyze these processes in greater detail, we have generated a Sox17‐mCherry fusion (SCF) protein by gene targeting in ES cells. SCF reporter mice are homozygous viable and faithfully reflect the endogenous Sox17 protein localization. We report that SCF positive cells constitute a subpopulation in the visceral endoderm before gastrulation and time‐lapse imaging reveals that SCF monitors the nascent definitive endoderm during epithelialization. After gastrulation, SCF marks the mid‐ and hindgut endoderm and vascular endothelial network, which can be imaged during establishment in allantois explant cultures. The SCF reporter is downregulated in the endoderm epithelium and upregulated in endothelial cells of the intestine, lung, and pancreas during organogenesis. In summary, the generation of the Sox17‐mCherry reporter mouse line allows direct visualization of endoderm and vascular development in culture and the mouse embryo. genesis 50:496–505, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Historical variability and feedbacks among land cover, stream power, and channel geometry along the lower Canadian River floodplain in Oklahoma
Authors: Julian Jason P. , Thomas Richard E. , Moursi Sayed , Hoagland Bruce W. , Tarhule Aondover 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTIn 1820, the lower Canadian River meandered through a densely forested floodplain. By 1898, most of the floodplain had been cleared for agriculture and changes in channel geometry and specific stream power followed, particularly channel widening and straightening with a lower potential specific stream power. In 1964, a large upstream hydropower dam was constructed, which changed the flow regime in the lower Canadian River and consequently the channel geometry. Without destructive overbank floods, the channel narrowed rapidly and considerably due to encroachment by floodplain vegetation. The lower Canadian River, which was once a highly dynamic floodplain‐river system, has now been transformed into a relatively static river channel. These changes over the past 200 years have not been linear or independent. In this article, we use a variety of data sources to assess these historical changes along the lower Canadian River floodplain and identify feedbacks among floodplain cultivation, dam construction, specific stream power, and channel width, slope, and sinuosity. Finally, we combine the results of our study with others in the region to present a biogeomorphic response model for large Great Plains rivers that characterizes channel width changes in response to climate variability and anthropogenic disturbances. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of low-density lipoprotein receptor in the hepatitis C virus life cycle
Authors: Albecka Anna , Belouzard Sandrine , de Beeck Anne Op , Descamps Véronique , Goueslain Lucie , Bertrand-Michel Justine , Tercé François , Duverlie Gilles , Rouillé Yves , Dubuisson Jean 
Published: November 2011

Abstract

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) particles are known to be in complex with lipoproteins. As a result of this interaction, the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (LDLR) has been proposed as a potential entry factor for HCV; however, its implication in virus entry remains unclear. Here, we reinvestigated the role of the LDLR in the HCV life cycle by comparing virus entry to the mechanism of lipoprotein uptake. A small interfering RNA targeting the LDLR in Huh-7 cells reduced HCV infectivity, confirming that this receptor plays a role in the life cycle of HCV generated in cell culture. However, kinetics of internalization were much faster for lipoproteins than for infectious HCV particles. Furthermore, a decrease in HCV RNA replication was observed by blocking the LDLR with a specific antibody, and this was associated with an increase in the ratio of phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylcholine in host cells. Nevertheless, a soluble form of the LDLR inhibited both HCV entry into the hepatocytes and its binding to the LDLR expressed on Chinese hamster ovary cells, suggesting a direct interaction between the HCV particle and the LDLR. Finally, we showed that modification of HCV particles by lipoprotein lipase (LPL) reduces HCV infectivity and increases HCV binding to LDLR. Importantly, LPL treatment also induced an increase in RNA internalization, suggesting that LDLR, at least in some conditions, leads to nonproductive internalization of HCV. Conclusion: The LDLR is not essential for infectious HCV particle entry, whereas the physiological function of this receptor is important for optimal replication of the HCV genome. (Hepatology 2012)
Phospholipid transfer activity of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein produces apolipoprotein B and reduces hepatosteatosis while maintaining low plasma lipids in mice
Authors: Khatun Irani , Zeissig Sebastian , Iqbal Jahangir , Wang Minghui , Curiel David , Shelness Gregory S. , Blumberg Richard S. , Hussain Mahmood M. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract

Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP), essential for apolipoprotein B (apoB) biosynthesis, evolved as a phospholipid transfer protein and acquired triglyceride transfer activity during a transition from invertebrates to vertebrates. But it is unknown whether MTP directly transfers lipids onto apoB

in vivo

and, if it does, whether both neutral and polar lipid transfer activities of MTP are critical for lipoprotein assembly. The molecular bases for differences in lipid transfer activities with respect to distinct domains in

Drosophila

MTP (dMTP) and human MTP (hMTP) are not obvious because both proteins have very similar primary, secondary, and tertiary structures. We used an

in vivo

approach to delineate physiological significance of these distinct lipid transfer activities by expressing dMTP (transfers phospholipids) and hMTP (transfers phospholipids and triglycerides) orthologs using adenoviruses in liver-specific MTP-deficient (L-MTP−/−) mice that have low plasma and high hepatic lipids. Both orthologs improved plasma lipids but plasma triglycerides were lower in dMTP mice due to lower hepatic triglyceride and apoB production. Hepatosteatosis in L-MTP−/− mice was ameliorated to similar levels by both. Attenuation of hepatosteatosis upon dMTP expression pertained to enhanced β-oxidation with no changes in lipogenesis. Phospholipid transfer activity of MTP promoted biogenesis of both apoB48 and apoB100-containing very low density lipoprotein in addition to a phospholipid-rich apoB48-containing high-density lipoprotein particle. Triglyceride transfer activity augmented the biosynthesis of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins by increasing the formation of these particles in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum.

Conclusion :

Based on these findings, we posit that the selective inhibition of MTP triglyceride transfer activity might reduce hyperlipidemia while protecting liver from excess lipid accumulation. (Hepatology 2011)
Role of glial cells in manganese neurotoxicity
Authors: Filipov Nikolay M. , Dodd Celia A. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTThe objectives of this focused review are to (i) provide a systematic overview of recent advances pertaining to the role of glia, namely microglia and astrocytes, in the neuropathology associated with excessive exposure to manganese (Mn), (ii) highlight possible mechanisms and factors involved in Mn‐modulated, glia‐derived neuroinflammation, and (iii) discuss the implications of excessive neuroinflammation on neuronal injury within the context of Mn overexposure. As this is not meant to be a comprehensive review on the topic of Mn neurotoxicity, the reader may wish to refer to several broader and more comprehensive reviews. After a brief introduction to Mn neurotoxicity, we first discuss the role of glial cells in neurodegeneration. Next, we review existing in vitro and in vivo studies that implicate Mn as a modulator of glial activation and ensuing neuroinflammation. This is followed by an examination of recognized and potential mechanisms that are involved in the modulation of glial inflammatory output by Mn; here the common pathways activated by Mn in glial and neuronal cells, including outcomes of such activation, are also addressed. We finish with a discussion of the implications of Mn‐modulated glial activation for neuronal survival and with a list of data gaps in the topic that need to be filled in the future. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cardiovascular risk assessment of atypical antipsychotic drugs in a zebrafish model
Authors: Lee Sung Hak , Kim Hong Rye , Han Rong Xun , Oqani Reza K. , Jin Dong Il 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTThe zebrafish model has been developed and evaluated for its ability to predict the toxicity of chemicals. Zebrafish additionally serve as an excellent model for assessing drug‐induced cardiotoxicity, although zebrafish and mammalian hearts differ in structure. Recently, regulatory authorities have expressed concerns about a possible relationship between antipsychotics and risk of QTc interval prolongation, serious arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death. In the current study, we performed a cardiovascular risk assessment of six atypical antipsychotic drugs in zebrafish, specifically, aripiprazole, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone and ziprasidone. Visual endpoints, such as lethality, edema (the presence of heart and trunk edema), hemorrhage (clustering of a pool of blood in an area outside the normal circulation), abnormal body shape (including bent or misshapen caudal region of the larvae) and motility, were evaluated as general toxicity endpoints, and the heart beat rate calculated as the cardiovascular toxicity endpoint. The zebrafish model facilitates determination of the heart beat rate, and may thus be an attractive screening tool for cardiovascular risk assessment of atypical antipsychotic drugs to understand the variations in response to QT‐prolonging drugs. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development and optimization of a novel genetic algorithm for identifying nanoclusters from scanning transmission electron microscopy images
Authors: Logsdail Andrew J. , Li Z. Y. , Johnston Roy L. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWhilst technological advancements have allowed imaging at atomic resolution using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), identification of nanocluster structures has proven difficult due to their low thermal stability, and often resultant low‐symmetry. In this work, we look at a novel solution to this problem using a genetic algorithm (GA). GAs are search methods for the minimization of statistical problems based on natural evolution. We develop a STEM model first described by Curley et al. (2007) and, using high‐symmetry cluster structures as test subjects, look at the effectiveness and efficiency of the GA at optimizing orientation parameters for a cluster when compared to a model solution. We find for a 309‐atom icosahedron that a random minimizing search would prove more efficient than a GA; however, for a 309‐atom decahedron the GA becomes more effective and efficient than a random search. We predict that as we continue to lower symmetry of our test cases, we will find the GA becomes even more efficient at optimizing this otherwise computationally expensive problem. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2012