bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Critical review of ‘pentafecta’ outcomes after robot‐assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy in high‐volume centres
Authors: Patel Vipul R. , Abdul‐Muhsin Haidar M. , Schatloff Oscar , Coelho Rafael F. , Valero Rair , Ko Young H. , Sivaraman Ananthakrishnan , Palmer Kenneth J. , Chauhan Sanket 
Published: September 2011

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?We have earlier proposed ‘pentafecta’ as an ideal outcome assessment tool after robotic prostatectomy instead of the classically used ‘tritecta’. This was done to meet the demands and expectations of the prostate cancer patients from minimally‐invasive surgical techniques.This article reviews each of the five arms of ‘pentafecta’ outcomes after robotic prostatectomy performed in high volume centres.
Historically, the ideal outcome of radical prostatectomy (RP) has been measured by achievement of the so‐called ‘trifecta’, or the concurrent attainment of continence and potency with no evidence of biochemical recurrence. However, in the PSA era, younger and healthier men are more frequently diagnosed with prostate cancer. Such patients have higher expectations from the advanced minimally invasive surgical technologies. Mere trifecta is no longer an ideal outcome measure to meet the demands of such patients.
Keeping the limitations of trifecta in mind, we have earlier proposed a new method of outcomes analysis, called the ‘pentafecta’, which adds early complications and positive surgical margins (PSMs) to trifecta.
We performed a Medline search for articles reporting the complications, PSM rates, continence, potency and biochemical recurrence after robot‐assisted RP. Related articles were selected and individual outcomes were reviewed.
Long‐lasting immunogenicity and safety of a 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) MF59‐adjuvanted vaccine when co‐administered with a 2009–2010 seasonal influenza vaccine in young patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Zuccotti G. V. , Pariani E. , Scaramuzza A. , Santoro L. , Giani E. , Macedoni M. , Gazzarri A. , Anselmi G. , Amendola A. , Zanetti A. 
Published: September 2011

Diabet. Med. 28, 1530–1536 (2011)AbstractAims  To evaluate the long‐lasting immunogenicity and safety of a pandemic vaccine co‐administered with a seasonal influenza vaccine in young subjects with Type 1 diabetes.Methods  Eighty patients (mean age: 16.7 ± 5.5 years, disease duration: 10.2 ± 4.7 years) were randomly assigned to receive a single or a double dose (1 month apart) of MF59‐adjuvanted influenza A(H1N1) vaccine, simultaneously with a single dose of a virosome‐adjuvanted trivalent influenza vaccine for the 2009–2010 season.Results  One month after immunization, the rate of seroconversion to 2009 pandemic A(H1N1) was 92.5% with an overall 100% proportion of vaccinees with protective antibody titres (≥ 1:40). No significant differences were observed between vaccinees who received the one‐dose or the two‐dose schedule. Seasonal vaccine induced a significant increase of both seroprotection rates and antibody levels. Local adverse events at the injection site of pandemic and seasonal vaccines were reported by 66.3% and 50% of subjects, respectively. Solicited systemic adverse events, mainly mild in intensity, were reported by 26.7% of vaccinees. No subjects had an influenza‐like illness during the 6‐month follow‐up.Conclusions  One injection of 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) MF59‐adjuvanted vaccine is immunogenic and safe in young patients with Type 1 diabetes who are at increased risk of influenza morbidities. Pandemic vaccine can be safely co‐administered with seasonal influenza vaccine.
Differences in the quality of diabetes care caused by social inequalities disappear after treatment and education in a tertiary care centre
Authors: Bäz L. , Müller N. , Beluchin E. , Kloos C. , Lehmann T. , Wolf G. , Müller U. A. 
Published: September 2011

Diabet. Med. 29, 640–645 (2012)AbstractAim  To assess the relationship between social status and quality of diabetes care in a tertiary care centre in Germany.Methods  Social status was assessed in 940 consecutive patients in a university outpatient department by a questionnaire. The assessment comprised three components: education, highest professional position and household net income (total score 3–21). Quality of diabetes care was measured by HbA1c, blood pressure and BMI. The influence of social status on quality measures was analysed at entry and last visit by fitting linear mixed models.Results  At the entry visit, patients with lower social status had a higher HbA1c compared with patients with higher status (0.06% per each point of social score difference). After a mean follow‐ up of 6.0 years (Type 2 diabetes) and 9.4 years (Type 1 diabetes) no significant differences in HbA1c could be found. However, difference in BMI (−0.41 kg/m² per each point of social score) persisted at last observation. Blood pressure was only negligibly affected by the care programme.Conclusions  Low social status is associated with worse quality of diabetes care at entry in a tertiary care centre. The differences in HbA1c disappeared after treatment and structured education, whereas the difference in BMI persisted. There was no significant influence of social status or treatment on blood pressure.
A Ruled Reading Reformed: The Role of the Church's Confession in Biblical Interpretation
Authors: SWAIN SCOTT 
Published: September 2011

AbstractRecent attempts to retrieve theological interpretation of Scripture rightly note the importance of the rule of faith for such an endeavor. Drawing upon Reformed theological and ecclesiological principles, the present article seeks to articulate an appropriate role for the rule of faith within biblical exegesis. As a faithful representation of scriptural teaching afforded by the church, Holy Scripture's authorized reading community, the rule of faith serves to enable faithful exegesis and to direct exegesis towards its goal, which is the exposition of individual biblical texts in light of Scripture's full scope and purpose.
A new longirostrine dyrosaurid (Crocodylomorpha, Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Paleocene of north‐eastern Colombia: biogeographic and behavioural implications for New‐World Dyrosauridae
Authors: HASTINGS ALEXANDER K. , BLOCH JONATHAN I. , JARAMILLO CARLOS A. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract:  Fossils of dyrosaurid crocodyliforms are limited in South America, with only three previously diagnosed taxa including the short‐snouted Cerrejonisuchus improcerus from the Paleocene Cerrejón Formation of north‐eastern Colombia. Here we describe a second dyrosaurid from the Cerrejón Formation, Acherontisuchus guajiraensis gen. et sp. nov., based on three partial mandibles, maxillary fragments, teeth, and referred postcrania. The mandible has a reduced seventh alveolus and laterally depressed retroarticular process, both diagnostic characteristics of Dyrosauridae. Acherontisuchus guajiraensis is distinct among known dyrosaurids in having a unique combination of craniomandibular characteristics, and postcranial morphology that suggests it may have occupied a more placid, fluvial habitat than most known Old‐World dyrosaurids. Results from a cladistic analysis of Dyrosauridae, using 82 primarily cranial and mandibular characters, support an unresolved relationship between A. guajiraensis and a combination of New‐ and Old‐World dyrosaurids including Hyposaurus rogersii, Congosaurus bequaerti, Atlantosuchus coupatezi, Guarinisuchus munizi, Rhabdognathus keiniensis and Rhabdognathus aslerensis. Our results are consistent with an African origin for Dyrosauridae with multiple dispersals into the New World during the Late Cretaceous and a transition from marine habitats in ancestral taxa to more fluvial habitats in more derived taxa.
The Mirrlees Review: Conclusions and Recommendations for Reform*
Authors: Mirrlees James , Adam Stuart , Besley Timothy , Blundell Richard , Bond Stephen , Chote Robert , Gammie Malcolm , Johnson Paul , Myles Gareth , Poterba James 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis paper provides a summary of the conclusions and recommendations of the Mirrlees Review of the UK tax system. The characteristics that a good tax system should possess are described and used to assess the current UK system. A package of reforms for the UK system which will move it closer to the ideal is proposed. Issues related to transition and to practical implementation of the reform package are discussed.
The Design of Capital Income Taxation: Reflections on the Mirrlees Review*
Authors: Keuschnigg Christian 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis commentary reflects on the recommendations of the Mirrlees Review on tax reform, with a special focus on capital income taxation. Regarding the alternatives of moving to a consumption‐based tax system, the commentary discusses the relative merits of choosing an ACE system (allowance for corporate equity) rather than a cash‐flow tax at the company level. It reviews the arguments in favour of full elimination of tax on the normal return to savings at the personal level, which contrasts with alternative tax reform proposals recommending a positive but low and flat tax rate on personal capital income. The paper also discusses how existing computational models should be extended for a meaningful quantification of the gains and costs of implementing a tax reform along the lines of the Mirrlees Review proposals.
Nonsurgical pneumoperitoneum in a dog secondary to blunt force trauma to the chest
Authors: Simmonds Stacy L. , Whelan Megan F. , Basseches Jessica 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the medical management of pneumoperitoneum without surgical intervention in a dog that sustained blunt force trauma to the thorax. To review the mechanisms of how a thoracic injury (ie, extra‐abdominal source) can lead to pneumoperitoneum.Case SummaryA 4‐month‐old Shih Tzu puppy was attacked by a larger dog and sustained various injuries including a pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, and a pneumoperitoneum. The dog presented minimally responsive and in respiratory distress secondary to pulmonary contusions and noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. No penetrating wounds to the abdomen or thorax were identified. As no immediate surgical lesion was identified the dog was treated conservatively without the need for surgical intervention. The dog was successfully managed and discharged after a few days of supportive care with oxygen therapy. Before discharge, repeat radiographs revealed complete resolution of the pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, and pneumoperitoneum.New or unique information providedCases of nonsurgical pneumoperitoneum have rarely been reported in the veterinary literature. A thoracic source of pneumoperitoneum should be considered when the suspicion of a ruptured viscus is low based on diagnostic procedures (eg, ultrasound, computed tomography, and diagnostic peritoneal lavage), in addition to physical examination (eg, lack of fever and absence of abdominal pain) and laboratory findings (eg, absence of inflammatory leukogram).
Risk factors for hepatitis C virus acquisition and predictors of persistence among Egyptian children
Authors: Esmat Gamal , Hashem Mohamed , El‐Raziky Mona , El‐Akel Wafaa , El‐Naghy Suzan , El‐Koofy Nehal , El‐Sayed Rokaya , Ahmed Rasha , Atta‐Allah Mohamed , Hamid Mohamed Abdel , El‐Kamary Samer S , El‐Karaksy Hanaa 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackgroundHepatitis C virus (HCV) has a lower prevalence in children and knowledge is limited regarding the natural outcome of HCV infection in children.AimTo study the risk factors of HCV acquisition and predictors of persistence in Egyptian children.MethodsChildren, 1–9 years of age, were evaluated for acquisition of HCV (anti‐HCV positive regardless of viraemia) and persistence of HCV (anti‐HCV and HCV‐RNA positive) at two paediatric hepatology clinics in Cairo at enrolment and at 3 monthly intervals. Spontaneous clearance of HCV was defined as ≥ two positive anti‐HCV antibody tests with negative HCV‐RNA at least 6 months apart.ResultsOver a 33‐month‐period a total of 226 children <9 years of age were screened for HCV antibodies. Of those, 146 (65%) were anti‐HCV positive of which 87 (60%) were HCV‐RNA positive. The HCV acquisition was more likely to occur in older children (P = 0.003) with comorbid conditions (P < 0.01) compared to anti‐HCV negative children. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, the highest risk factors for HCV acquisition were surgical interventions [odds ratio (OR): 4.7] and blood transfusions (OR: 2.3). The highest risk factor for HCV persistence was dental treatment (OR: 16.9) and male gender (OR: 7.5). HCV persistence was also strongly associated with elevated baseline alanine aminotransaminase (ALT) levels (OR: 4.9) and fluctuating aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels (OR: 8.1).ConclusionAlthough surgical interventions and blood transfusion are significant risk factors for HCV acquisition in Egyptian children, dental treatment remains the highest risk factor for HCV chronic persistence in children.
The Estimation, Measurement, and Relevance of the Glomerular Filtration Rate in Stage 5 Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: White Christine A. , Akbari Ayub 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is considered the best index of overall kidney function. The level of GFR is used in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) to classify them into CKD stages. Stage 5 CKD encompasses patients with a GFR below 15 ml/minute/1.73 m2 and those requiring chronic dialysis. Preservation of GFR, even at its very low level, is of great importance in both dialysis and non‐dialysis stage 5 CKD patients. Residual GFR is considered in the prescription of both hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis and interventions to preserve residual GFR are an active area of clinical research. The application of traditional methods of estimating and measuring GFR can be problematic in this patient population. This review will focus on the methods available to quantify GFR in stage 5 CKD and their use in both clinical and research settings.
Genetic Causation of Neointimal Hyperplasia in Hemodialysis Vascular Access Dysfunction
Authors: Lee Timmy , Wadehra Davinder 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe major cause of hemodialysis vascular access failure is venous stenosis resulting from neointimal hyperplasia. Genetic factors have been shown to be associated with cardiovascular disease and peripheral vascular disease (PVD) in the general population. Genetic factors may also play an important role in vascular access stenosis and development of neointimal hyperplasia by affecting pathways that lead to inflammation, endothelial function, oxidative stress, and vascular smooth muscle proliferation. This review will discuss the role of genetics in understanding neointimal hyperplasia development in hemodialysis vascular access dysfunction and other disease processes with similar neointimal hyperplasia development such as coronary artery disease and PVD.
TheS‐Measurement in the Diagnosis of Canine Hip Dysplasia
Authors: Ogden Daniel M. , Scrivani Peter V. , Dykes Nathan , Lust George , Friedenberg Steven G. , Todhunter Rory J. 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveTo propose a direct measure of subluxation of the femoral head (S) in the assessment of hip joint laxity and evaluate it for clinical use.Study DesignMethod comparison study.AnimalsDogs (n = 51).MethodsDogs were sedated or anesthetized for a dorsolateral subluxation (DLS) examination. Two sets of radiographs were acquired, 1 each by a different technologist. A calibrated measuring bar was included on the image at the height of the hip to assess magnification. TheDLSwas calculated for each hip and different persons unaware of these details measured the “S”‐value. One person measured theS‐value 3 times over 3 days. Box plots were used to determine a cut‐off for the empiric (8 mm) and corrected (4 mm)S‐value.ResultsOf 51 dogs, 33 were dysplastic based on aDLSscore <55%. Magnification and body weight were strongly correlated (r = 0.4922,P= .0006). Both empiric and correctedSmeasurements showed good agreement with theDLSscore (κ = 0.688 and κ = 0.681, respectively). The correctedSmeasurement produced more false negatives.Bland–Altman analysis showed interobserver and technician variance acceptable for clinical use (limits of agreement < ±3 mm). Intraobserver repeatability was acceptable for the right hip (95% of differences were ≤1.3 mm and 100% ≤ 1.9) but not for the left hip.ConclusionUsing a cut‐off value of 5 mm, the empiricalSmeasurement can be used to exclude hip dysplasia in young dogs of various body proportions.
International Technology Cooperation: The Problem of Commercial Rivalry
Authors: Urpelainen Johannes 
Published: September 2011

AbstractInternational technology cooperation promises to help countries exploit the potential of new innovations, but commercial rivalry between companies and governments raises obstacles to it. In this article, I present and solve a model of international technology cooperation. The formal analysis shows that a technology agreement must address two issues. First, governments must be able to induce companies to innovate. Second, governments must credibly commit to penalizing companies for failing to share new information produced through research. Based on these observations, I show that the potential for technology cooperation is maximized in symmetric settings between equally capable governments and companies. In practice, this observation warrants a policy focus on countries and industries that are already on a level playing ground. I also consider extensions to multinational companies and adverse selection problems. The formal analysis provides a solid foundation for practical policy implementation.
Does hemodiafiltration improve the removal of homocysteine?
Authors: BADIOU Stéphanie , MORENA Marion , BARGNOUX Anne‐Sophie , JAUSSENT Isabelle , RODRIGUEZ Annie , LERAY‐MORAGUES Helene , CHALABI Lofti , BOSC Jean‐Yves , CANAUD Bernard , CRISTOL Jean‐Paul 
Published: September 2011

AbstractHigh prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia is common in hemodialysis (HD) patients and could contribute to worsen the cardiovascular risk. Beyond vitamin B status, dialysis modality itself could influence homocysteine (Hcy) levels. The objective was compare the reduction rate (RR) of Hcy and cysteine in stable dialyzed patients treated by standard HD or hemodiafiltration (HDF). Seventy‐five patients undergoing stable dialysis through standard high‐flux HD (n = 35) or HDF (n = 40) were included. Biological parameters were determined before and after a midweek dialysis session. Urea percent reduction per session and Kt/V index (K, body urea clearance, T, time of dialysis, and V, urea distribution volume), defined as a marker of dialysis efficacy, were similar between HD and HDF groups. By contrast, higher RR of beta2 microglobulin (β2m) was observed in HDF compared with HD (78.6 vs. 72.0%, respectively; P < 0.001). Likewise, higher RR of Hcy was obtained with HDF compared to HD (46.0 vs. 41.5%, respectively; P < 0.05), whereas the RR of cysteine was similar in both groups. Interestingly, a positive correlation between Hcy RR and urea Kt/V index was observed (r = 0.29, P < 0.05) and between Hcy RR and β2m RR (r = 0.45, P < 0.001). Time‐averaged concentration (TAC) of Hcy was lower with HDF compared with HD (17.8 vs. 19.1 μmol/L, respectively), although not significant. There was no difference in median Hcy according to dialysis modality for neither pre‐ nor postdialysis levels. Significant higher removal of Hcy was observed with HDF compared with standard HD, although urea Kt/V index was similar. Enhanced removal of middle molecules, such as β2m, could be involved in Hcy RR improvement with HDF.
City of Man, City of God: The Re‐Urbanization of American Evangelicals
Authors: BIELO JAMES S. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn post‐World War II America, U.S. Evangelicalism became a religion deeply entrenched with suburbanization and commercial sprawl. This article examines the growing phenomenon of middle‐class white Evangelicals who are returning to the city. Since September 2008 I have conducted ethnographic fieldwork with nearly 100 Evangelicals in the post‐industrial, Rust Belt cities of Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Middletown. I argue first that Evangelical re‐urbanization is structured by two cultural logics: a biting cultural critique of suburban megachurches, and a desire for the “reconciliation” of urban life to “the kingdom of God.” Second, re‐urbanized Evangelicals necessarily encounter the dilemmas of late modern urbanism, including structural processes like neighborhood gentrification. I stress the importance of this phenomenon for both the impact of religion on America's cities and the impact of urban restructuring on American religion.
Bangkok's Two Centers: Status, Space, and Consumption in a Millennial Southeast Asian City
Authors: VORNG SOPHORNTAVY 
Published: September 2011

AbstractDespite Bangkok's current incarnation as a globalized city of shopping malls and skyscrapers, indigenous concepts of power and space emphasizing center and hierarchy continue to pervade status differentiation in everyday social life. This is evident in tensions in the spatial‐symbolic relations between Bangkok's politico‐religious “old city” in Rattanakosin and the newer downtown consumption hub which emerged around the locales of Siam and Ratchaprasong, and highlights how urban and social transformations engendered by neoliberal market forces and embodied in downtown Bangkok's modern, consumerist milieu have mapped onto and exacerbated cultural logics of hierarchy drawn from much older notions of urban power and privilege in Southeast Asia. This produced modes of inscribing socio‐economic inequality into space and a striking culture of status display uniquely shaped by the intersection of modern capitalism and Bangkok's distinctive culture and history of indigenous urbanism and suggests that understandings of space, power, and consumption in today's cities may benefit from a less Western‐centric and more regionally sensitive conceptual framework.
Handedness Shapes Children’s Abstract Concepts
Authors: Casasanto Daniel , Henetz Tania 
Published: September 2011

AbstractCan children’s handedness influence how they represent abstract concepts likekindnessandintelligence? Here we show that from an early age, right‐handers associate rightward space more strongly with positive ideas and leftward space with negative ideas, but the opposite is true for left‐handers. In one experiment, children indicated where on a diagram a preferred toy and a dispreferred toy should go. Right‐handers tended to assign the preferred toy to a box on the right and the dispreferred toy to a box on the left. Left‐handers showed the opposite pattern. In a second experiment, children judged which of two cartoon animals looked smarter (or dumber) or nicer (or meaner). Right‐handers attributed more positive qualities to animals on the right, but left‐handers to animals on the left. These contrasting associations between space and valence cannot be explained by exposure to language or cultural conventions, which consistently linkrightwithgood. Rather, right‐ and left‐handers implicitly associated positive valence more strongly with the side of space on which they can act more fluently with their dominant hands. Results support thebody‐specificity hypothesis(Casasanto, 2009), showing that children with different kinds of bodies think differently in corresponding ways.