bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-pressure crystal structure investigation of synthetic Fe2SiO4spinel
Authors: Nestola F. , Balić-Žunić T. , Koch-Müller M. , Secco L. , Princivalle F. , Parisi F. , Dal Negro A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe crystal structure of Fe2SiO4spinel at room temperature was investigated at seven different pressures by X-ray diffraction, using a diamond anvil cell to examine the influence of Fe substitution on ringwoodite behaviour at high pressure. The results compared with those of a pure Mg endmember show that the substitution of Fe into the spinel structure causes only small changes in the compression rate of coordination polyhedra and the distortion of the octahedron. The data show that the compression rate for the octahedron and tetrahedron in (Mg,Fe)2SiO4can be considered statistically equal for FeO6and MgO6, as well as for SiO4in both the endmembers. This shows why almost identical bulk moduli are reported along the solid solution in recent literature.
Synthesis, Photochromic, and Electrical Properties of Diarylethene Derivatives Having 9-Carbazolyl or 2-(1,3,4-Oxadiazolyl) Group as Carrier Mobilization Sites
Authors: Tani Keita , Kubono Koji , Hori Kazushige , Shoji Kentaro , Shiga Goji , Yamamoto Muneyuki , Tsujioka Tsuyoshi 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Diarylethene derivatives, 1c and 1d, having carrier mobilization sites have been synthesized. Their photochromic properties are examined both in solution and in thin film. Current–voltage characteristics at photostationary state of 1c and 1d showed drastic current increase compared with the corresponding open-ring isomers 1c and 1d, respectively.
Inhibitor-substituted Boron-dipyrromethene as a Turn-on Fluorescence Probe for Enzymes
Authors: Tsuji Tomohiro , Gonda Katsuya , Aoyama Yasuhiro , Tokunaga Takeshi , Sando Shinsuke 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Benzenesulfonamide is a known inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase (CA). 8-[4-(Aminosulfonyl)phenyl]-BODIPY is designed as an inhibitor–dye conjugate for turn-on fluorescence sensing of CA, and binds specifically to bovine carbonic anhydrase in water with Ka = 1.04 ± 0.25 × 107 M−1 (Kd = 0.96 × 10−7 M) with concomitant increase in the fluorescence intensity of the former by a factor of 2.5–2.8 because of the steric constraint imposed on the probe by the enzyme.
Computed tomography versus ureteroscopy in identification of renal tract stone with ureteral stent in situ
Authors: Tang VCY , Attwell-Heap A 
Published: October 2011

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to validate the use of non-contrast computed tomography (CT) with a ureteral stent in situ instead of ureteroscopy for identification of renal tract stones. METHODS All patients who had stents inserted for renal tract stones and underwent non-contrast CT with the stent in situ followed by ureteroscopy between May 2008 and October 2009 at The Canberra Hospital, Australia, were analysed retrospectively. Statistical analysis was performed to compare any differences between CT and ureteroscopy in the identification of stones. RESULTS Overall, 57 patients were included in the study. The difference between CT and ureteroscopy findings was statistically significant. CT identification of stones with a stent in situ had a sensitivity of 86%, a specificity of 46%, a positive predictive value of 63%, a negative predictive value of 76% and an accuracy of 67%. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that non-contrast CT is inferior to the ‘gold standard’ of ureteroscopy. It lacks sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy. Therefore, we cannot recommend using non-contrast CT to replace ureteroscopy.
A systematic review of enhanced recovery protocols in colorectal surgery
Authors: Rawlinson A , Kang P , Evans J , Khanna A 
Published: October 2011

INTRODUCTION Colorectal surgery has been associated with a complication rate of 15–20% and mean postoperative inpatient stays of 6–11 days. The principles of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) are well established and have been developed to optimise perioperative care and facilitate discharge. The purpose of this systematic review is to present an updated review of perioperative care in colorectal surgery from the available evidence and ERAS group recommendations. METHODS Systematic searches of the PubMed and Embase™ databases and the Cochrane library were conducted. A hand search of bibliographies of identified studies was conducted to identify any additional articles missed by the initial search strategy. RESULTS A total of 59 relevant studies were identified. These included six randomised controlled trials and seven clinical controlled trials that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. These studies showed reductions in duration of inpatient stays in the ERAS groups compared with more traditional care as well as reductions in morbidity and mortality rates. CONCLUSIONS Reviewing the data reveals that ERAS protocols have a role in reducing postoperative morbidity and result in an accelerated recovery following colorectal surgery. Similarly, both primary and overall hospital stays are reduced significantly. However, the available evidence suggests that ERAS protocols do not reduce hospital readmissions or mortality. These findings help to confirm that ERAS protocols should now be implemented as the standard approach for perioperative care in colorectal surgery.
Insights from formal testing of civics and citizenship learning in Australia
Authors: Mellor Suzanne 
Published: October 2011

The national assessment programme in civics and citizenship (NAP-CC), conducted in Australia in 2004 and 2007, collected achievement data on the knowledge and understandings – of both cognition and dispositional orientation – of year 6 and year 10 students. The test instruments
for both cycles broke new ground, especially in relation to the testing of student disposition to civics and citizenship participation and engagement, and enabled students to give creative and focussed responses to a range of citizenship concepts.
The 'civics and citizenship literacy achievement
scales' for both cycles indicate student achievement is variable, and generally low level. The 'student background survey' in the second cycle sought data and information about variables with explanatory power as to the demonstrated levels of achievement. Analyses of student background and
school programme data identified factors that appear to have a significant effect on achievement.
The article describes contextual developments which influenced the assessments, provides an analysis of the achievement and background data and reflects on what the reported findings, especially
from the second cycle, have revealed about students and their civics and citizenship learning experiences in Australian schools.
Not the same ones you sang when you were little: children, Spain and Chapero-Jackson’s Alumbramiento
Authors: Middents Jeffrey 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Although the title Alumbramiento references childbirth, children are conspicuously absent throughout the film: motherhood defines Maria, but not her children. In framing death by referencing the absence of children, the film also comments on the discontinuous nature of the post-Francoist Spanish family.
Exploding anonymity: the romance and risk of Derailment
Authors: Prout Ryan 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
This article examines resonances in popular culture of the location where Derailment is shot. It situates the use of close-ups within surrealist and other aesthetics. It asks how we reread the text in the knowledge of recent terrorist atrocities. By comparing Derailment with other short films, it also queries the sexuality of the glance.
Mum, Dad and the Apocalypse: John Lawlor’s Sunday
Authors: Marx Lesley 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
This article explores how Sunday weaves together - through patterns of imagery, sound and silence - forms of catastrophic revelation concerning patriarchal obsession with control that manifests itself through institutional Christianity, enlightenment dreams of cosmic domination or, most shockingly and viscerally, in the private space of the family dining room.
Why subject relatives prevail: Constraints versus constructional licensing
Authors: Duffield Cecily Jill , Michaelis Laura A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractRelative clauses containing subject relative-pronouns(e.g.that go to Utah all the time,)are the prevalent type both across languages (Keenan and Comrie 1977) and in conversation, accounting for 65% of relative clauses in the American National Corpus (Reali and Christiansen 2007) and 67% of relative clauses in the corpus examined for this study, the Switchboard corpus. This fact appears attributable to parsing preferences, as per Hawkins (1999, 2004), Gibson (1998) and Gibson et al. (2005): subject extractions are the most local filler-gap dependency and therefore impose the lowest burden on short-term memory. This explanation, however, not only lacks strong psycholinguistic support but also fails to explain a major pattern in Switchboard: subject relatives are not preferred across the board but only as modifiers of postverbal (object and oblique) nominals. We propose that the preference for subject relatives is an effect not of general-purpose interpretive or encoding constraints but rather of constructional licensing: the subject relative belongs to an entrenched syntactic routine, the Presentational Relative construction, e.g.I have friends that clip articles(McCawley 1981; Lambrecht 1987, 1988, 2002). We investigate this hypothesis by examining the formal, semantic and pragmatic properties of relative-clause modifiers of postverbal nominals in the Switchboard corpus.
Trait similarity patterns within grass and grasshopper communities: multitrophic community assembly at work
Authors: Van der Plas F , Anderson T. M. , Olff H 
Published: October 2011

Trait‐based community assembly theory suggests that trait variation among co‐occurring species is shaped by two main processes: abiotic filtering, important in stressful environments and promoting similarity, and competition, more important in productive environments and promoting dissimilarity. Previous studies have indeed found trait similarity to decline along productivity gradients. However, these studies have always been done on single trophic levels. Here, we investigated how interactions between trophic levels affect trait similarity patterns along environmental gradients. We propose three hypotheses for the main drivers of trait similarity patterns of plants and herbivores along environmental gradients: (1) environmental control of both, (2) bottom‐up control of herbivore trait variation, and (3) top‐down control of grass trait variation.To test this, we collected data on the community composition and trait variation of grasses (41 species) and grasshoppers (53 species) in 50 plots in a South African savanna. Structural equation models were used to investigate how the range and spacing of within‐community functional trait values of both grasses and their insect herbivores (grasshoppers; Acrididae) respond to (1) rainfall and fire frequency gradients and (2) the trait similarity patterns of the other trophic level.The analyses revealed that traits of co‐occurring grasses became more similar toward lower rainfall and higher fire frequency (environmental control), while showing little evidence for top‐down control. Grasshopper trait range patterns, on the other hand, were mostly directly driven by vegetation structure and grass trait range patterns (bottom‐up control), while environmental factors had mostly indirect effects via plant traits. Our study shows the potential to expand trait‐based community assembly theory to include trophic interactions.
Well Test Analysis of Multiple Hydraulically Fractured Horizontal Wells MHFHW in Gas Condensate Reservoirs
Authors: Mavaddat M. , Soleimani A. , Rasaei M. R. , Mavaddat Y. , Momeni A. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Horizontal wells with multiple fractures are becoming more prevalent in the Industry. They can especially beneficial in gas condensate reservoirs to minimize the pressure drop in order to reduce liquid drop-out and reduce the severe loss of well productivity and therefore lower gas recovery. Reliable evaluations of stimulation performance are required for field development planning. As such, pressure transients are often used, and can be successful, to observe and define the various impacting factors of stimulation, such as fracture length, conductivity, orientation, etc.
This project investigates the modeling and interpretation of pressure transient responses of multiple hydraulic fractured horizontal wells in gas condensate reservoirs using a numerical reservoir model with a focus on the existence of different mobility zone due to condensate dropout. Derivative shapes expected from hydraulic fractured horizontal well-test data are obtained using a 3D fully compositional model in gas condensate reservoirs below the dew point under various conditions. The numerical model is validated using an analytical solution and applied to a simple reservoir model. Complex reservoirs are then simulated and pressure transient response signatures are obtained. Sensitivity studies of important reservoir, well and fracture properties are performed and a result of each case is presented.
It was found that condensate dropout near the wellbore yields a well-test composite behavior; similar to what is found in hydraulically fractured vertical wells, but superimposed on a horizontal well behavior, which makes it much more complex. Furthermore a higher gas production will be achieved in a horizontal well with optimum number of fractures, fractures conductivity and fracture half length which may depend on formation and hydrocarbon characteristics.
Advancements in Drillstring Dynamics Modeling Deliver Performance Step-Change, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al Reda Saeed , Juwaiher Hussain , Feroze Nouman , Karuppiah Venki , Wu Sean Xianping , Partin Uyen , Bits Smith 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Drilling deep 16-in. hole sections in Saudi Arabia's gas wells is particularly challenging due to complex stratigraphy consisting of carbonates with interbedded hard stringers, abrasive sandstone, and dense dolomite. These hard/abrasive formations can cause high-axial and lateral vibrations, which have led to premature PDC bit damage. To combat these drilling performance problems, a holistic approach was undertaken to optimize bit design and the drilling system. This included a thorough analysis: Rock samples that matched the challenging formations were collected and laboratory tested to quantify the forces between the cutters and rocks in order to formulate relative rock removal rates. This information and that gathered from a test BHA—after operating for 24 continuous hours during which drilling parameters were monitored—was evaluated using an advanced dynamics model. This enabled improvements that resulted in an optimized bit design and drilling system.
This highly beneficial modeling technology is a comprehensive, 4-D, and finite element model, which accurately predicts the drilling system's performance from bit to surface and simulates the transient response of the entire system in time domain. Applicable for any drillstring configuration, the modeling technology is capable of providing performance information on specific BHA components: RSS, PDM, PDC/roller-cone bits, stabilizers, reamers, MWD/LWD, and other downhole tools. Such information includes: acceleration, velocity, forces, bending moment and displacement at any node along the drillstring. Using an advanced dynamics model enabled engineers, working in a virtual drilling environment, to make an extensive effort toward bit design improvements. The resulting bit design, BHA, drilling parameters, and their effect on instantaneous ROP, drillstring vibrations, and directional tendency were quantified and optimized.
This holistic approach significantly improved drilling performance in Saudi Arabia's problematic formations. The newly designed bit drilled an entire 16-in. section 5,219 ft from mid-Thamama to base Jilh Dolomite formation at an average ROP of 29.2 ft/hr and achieved the longest 16-in. PDC run in "deep casing design" wells. ROP was 18% faster than the previous best run in a similar application. The authors will outline the analysis, resulting cost reduction, and how applying advanced modeling technology improved drilling performance through the bit, BHA, and drilling parameter optimization.
Geomechanical Study for UBD Feasibility in the Northern Iraq Fields
Authors: Soroush H. , Gao H. , Qutob H. , Neil B. , Mahli Z. , Abalioglu I. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Successful underbalanced drilling (UBD) operations are strongly dependant on the understanding of in-situ stress condition in addition to rock mechanical properties. Wellbore integrity, which plays an imperative role in all the oil and gas operations, requires accurate geomechanical modeling and wellbore stability analysis. Borehole failure problems, which are very likly specially when drilling underbalanced, cost the petroleum industry several billions of dollars each year. Prevention of these problems requires clear understanding of the interaction between formation strength, in-situ stresses and drilling practice. Since in-situ stress and rock strength are not controllable parameters, adjusting the drilling practices, i.e. selecting optimal trajectory and bottom-hole pressure, is the common way to inhibit wellbore failure, which can be achieved by performing specialized geomechanical studies.
Drilling through some challenging formations in Kurdistan, has been always associated with several wellbore stability problems such as mud losses, borehole washout, stuck pipe, extra cutting/caving, and tight holes, which caused numerous nonproductive time to the drilling program and required drilling sidetracks in some of the wells. Review of the drilling reports and dual-caliper logs from 11 offset wells in the area revealed a huge amount of washouts in these formations. These events put a question mark on the feasibility of UBD in these intervals and required conducting a geomechanical modeling and wellbore stability study.
In this study, data from offset wells was analyzed to estimate the local in-situ stress magnitudes and orientations, in addition to pore pressure. The mechanical properties of the formations were evaluated using sonic, density, and gamma ray logs. A rock mechanical properties database and data management software was applied to correlate the calculated dynamic elastic properties to the most appropriate static stiffness parameters for a base case wellbore stability model and subsequent sensitivity analyses. 2D elastoplastic and 3D linear elastic models were used to back-analyze the borehole failures in the selected offset wells to verify and calibrate the geomechanical model.
Finally, an operating mud weight window was defined, and the optimum profile of the mud weight was recommended for drilling through each formations. This study showed that underbalanced drilling is feasible through the carbonate intervals, however, will encouter severe wellbore stability problems in the shaly and silty formations.
Can You Protect Your Motor Without Sacrificing Performance?
Authors: Guidroz Blair 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Achieving balance between performance and longevity of drilling motors is a constant struggle. Operating above recommended parameters delivers higher Rates of Penetration (ROP) but can be too aggressive, causing accelerated component wear and potentially, premature failure. Conservative operation decreases the component wear but can be detrimental to drilling performance. A novel approach to controlling motor performance allows operators to operate at specified limits while preventing load spikes that damage motors.
Stalling is a problem that affects bearing loading, occasionally leading to driveshaft torsional failure, but more commonly causing power section damage in the stator, reported as chunking. Chunking occurs when the elastomer in the stator has reached the fatigue limit and small pieces break free of the profile. The output performance of the power section decreases as the effective area of power section is reduced and it becomes less efficient. Reduction in output performance decreases ROP and operators will typically push motors harder to maintain ROP, further accelerating the time to failure.
An innovative internal device prevents premature failure by limiting the amount of differential pressure applied across the motor. Excess pressure is relieved by porting fluid through the center of the rotor, bypassing the power section inlet. Rotational speed decreases as flow into the power section is decreased. The pre-determined relief point is adjustable to optimize motor performance for specific applications. Preventing motor damage delivers longer drilling hours with reduced unplanned trips.
Field testing of the device has resulted in a significant reduction in motor component damage. ROP improved and was consistent through the drilling program with the controlled and steady operation of the device. Cost per foot decreased as longer intervals were drilled per motor. This device gives operators a new tool to optimize motor performance.
First Dual-Target Horizontal Appraisal Well-Geosteering in Thin Siliciclastic Reservoir of the Mauddud Formation, Sabriyah Oil Field, North Kuwait
Authors: Ibrahim H. , Al-Awadi A. , Oyeyemi O. , Chimirala V. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Since, the discovery of the Mid-Cretaceous Mauddud formation in the Sabriyah and Rhaudhatain fields of North Kuwait, there has been an interest to systematically produce the thick (&gt; 400 ft) carbonate-dominated section, which has a complex geological setting that influences the performance of these reservoirs. Several wells have been drilled in the past—deviated, vertical, and horizontal wells focusing solely on the carbonate-dominated reservoir section with little emphasis on the siliciclastic shoreface facies of the lower Mauddud formation.
The use of state-of-the-art real-time logging-while-drilling (LWD) data from the distance-to-boundary (DTB) resistivity mapping technique coupled with normal triple combo LWD formation evaluation log measurement and real-time pressure and mobility estimations provides insight into the lateral facies changes and the heterogeneity of the MaH reservoir layer for the first time.
The predominantly carbonate Mauddud formation stratigraphically overlies the greater Burgan member. It was deposited in a low-to high-energy shallow marine ramp setting. The high-energy facies at the base is punctuated with out-of-sequence siliciclastic influence marking the waning of the deltaic Burgan sand influx. The upper part of the Mauddud formation is a highly diverse suite of low-energy carbonate facies characterized by highly bioturbated and reworked massive beds of wackestone and packstone with few depositional textures. This section is overlain by the prograding clastic sediments of the Wara formation and capped by the extensive transgressive shale of the Ahmadi formation.
Well A (SA-0X05), the appraisal well, was planned to cut across all the Mauddud 10 reservoir layers and go lateral into the MaH reservoir with 100% NTG, thus yielding maximum reservoir contact (MRC) to evaluate this sand body for the first time. The results from porosity measurement validated the static model for this interval, and the pressure regime and mobility where inline with predicted values considering vertical variations. Lateral facies changes were observed showing coarsening-upward, clean-grained facies towards the base and the fine-grained glauconitic facies on top. Although an approximate20-ft thickness of sand was observed as a correlatable sequence from offset wells, in reality, geosteering revealed that the lower 15 ft of section was mostly distal in origin and changed to a more marine offshore facies below.