bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clarifying Mendelian vs non-Mendelian inheritance
Authors: Strome Susan , Bhalla Needhi , Kamakaka Rohinton , Sharma Upasna , Sullivan William 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Gregor Mendel developed the principles of segregation and independent assortment in the mid-1800s based on his detailed analysis of several traits in pea plants. Those principles, now called Mendel's laws, in fact, explain the behavior of genes and alleles during meiosis and are now understood to underlie “Mendelian inheritance” of a wide range of traits and diseases across organisms. When asked to give examples of inheritance that do NOT follow Mendel's laws, in other words, examples of non-Mendelian inheritance, students sometimes list incomplete dominance, codominance, multiple alleles, sex-linked traits, and multigene traits and cite as their sources the Khan Academy, Wikipedia, and other online sites. Against this background, the goals of this Perspective are to (1) explain to students, healthcare workers, and other stakeholders why the examples above, in fact, display Mendelian inheritance, as they obey Mendel's laws of segregation and independent assortment, even though they do not produce classic Mendelian phenotypic ratios and (2) urge individuals with an intimate knowledge of genetic principles to monitor the accuracy of learning resources and work with us and those resources to correct information that is misleading.
New insights into the evolution and local adaptation of the genus Castanea in east Asia
Authors: Nie Xinghua , Zhang Yu , Chu Shihui , Yu Wenjie , Liu Yang , Yan Boqian , Zhao Shuqing , Gao Wenli , Li Chaoxin , Shi Xueteng , Zheng Ruijie , Fang Kefeng , Qin Ling , Xing Yu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chestnut plants (Castanea) are important nut fruit trees worldwide. However, little is known regarding the genetic relationship and evolutionary history of different species within the genus. How modern chestnut plants have developed local adaptation to various climates remains a mystery. The genomic data showed that Castanea henryi first diverged in the Oligocene ~31.56 million years ago, followed by Castanea mollissima, and the divergence between Castanea seguinii and Castanea crenata occurred in the mid-Miocene. Over the last 5 million years, the population of chestnut plants has continued to decline. A combination of selective sweep and environmental association studies was applied to investigate the genomic basis of chestnut adaptation to different climates. Twenty-two candidate genes were associated with temperature and precipitation. We also revealed the molecular mechanism by which CmTOE1 interacts with CmZFP8 and CmGIS3 to promote the formation of non-glandular trichomes for adaptation to low temperature and high altitudes. We found a significant expansion of CER1 genes in Chinese chestnut (C. mollissima) and verified the CmERF48 regulation of CmCER1.6 adaptation to drought environments. These results shed light on the East Asian chestnut plants as a monophyletic group that had completed interspecific differentiation in the Miocene, and provided candidate genes for future studies on adaptation to climate change in nut trees.
Core elements of excellent hospital leadership: lessons from the five top-performing hospitals in China
Authors: Zhao Jinhong , Wang Bing-Long , Qin Xiaoping , Liu Yuanli , Liu Tingfang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Substantial evidence indicates that leadership plays a critical role in an organization’s success. Our study aims to conduct case studies on leadership attributes among China’s five top-performing hospitals, examining their common practices. A semi-structured interview was conducted with 8 leaders, 39 managers, 19 doctors, and 16 nurses from the five sample hospitals in China. We collected information from these hospitals on the role of senior leadership, organizational governance, and social responsibility, aligning with the leadership assessment guidelines in the Baldrige Excellence Framework. Qualitative data underwent interpretation through content analysis, thematic analysis, and comparative analysis. This study adhered to the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research guidelines for reporting qualitative research. Our study revealed that the leaders of the five top-performing hospitals in China consistently established “Patient Needs First” as the core element of the hospital culture. Striving to build world-renowned hospitals with Chinese characteristics, the interviewees all believed strongly in scientific vigor, professionalism, and cooperative culture. The leaders adhered to a staff-centered approach, placing special emphasis on talent recruitment and development, creating a compensation system, and fostering a supportive environment conducive to enhancing medical knowledge, skills, and professional ethics. In terms of organizational governance, they continuously enhanced the communication between various departments and levels of staff, improved the quality and safety of medical care, and focused on innovative medical and scientific research, thereby establishing evidence-based, standardized hospital management with a feedback loop. Meanwhile, regarding social responsibility, they prioritized improvements in the quality of healthcare by providing international and domestic medical assistance, community outreach, and other programs. To a large extent, the excellent leadership of China’s top-performing hospitals can be attributed to their commitment to a “Two-Pillared Hospital Culture,” which prioritizes putting patient needs first and adopting a staff-centered approach. Furthermore, the leaders of these hospitals emphasize hospital performance, operations management, and social responsibility.
Acute myocardial infarction prognosis prediction with reliable and interpretable artificial intelligence system
Authors: Kim Minwook , Kang Donggil , Kim Min Sun , Choe Jeong Cheon , Lee Sun-Hack , Ahn Jin Hee , Oh Jun-Hyok , Choi Jung Hyun , Lee Han Cheol , Cha Kwang Soo , Jang Kyungtae , Bong WooR I , Song Giltae , Lee Hyewon 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective
Predicting mortality after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is crucial for timely prescription and treatment of AMI patients, but there are no appropriate AI systems for clinicians. Our primary goal is to develop a reliable and interpretable AI system and provide some valuable insights regarding short, and long-term mortality.

Materials and methods
We propose the RIAS framework, an end-to-end framework that is designed with reliability and interpretability at its core and automatically optimizes the given model. Using RIAS, clinicians get accurate and reliable predictions which can be used as likelihood, with global and local explanations, and “what if” scenarios to achieve desired outcomes as well.

Results
We apply RIAS to AMI prognosis prediction data which comes from the Korean Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry. We compared FT-Transformer with XGBoost and MLP and found that FT-Transformer has superiority in sensitivity and comparable performance in AUROC and F1 score to XGBoost. Furthermore, RIAS reveals the significance of statin-based medications, beta-blockers, and age on mortality regardless of time period. Lastly, we showcase reliable and interpretable results of RIAS with local explanations and counterfactual examples for several realistic scenarios.

Discussion
RIAS addresses the “black-box” issue in AI by providing both global and local explanations based on SHAP values and reliable predictions, interpretable as actual likelihoods. The system’s “what if” counterfactual explanations enable clinicians to simulate patient-specific scenarios under various conditions, enhancing its practical utility.

Conclusion
The proposed framework provides reliable and interpretable predictions along with counterfactual examples.
Evaluation of the ARK Diagnostics immunoassay for qualitative detection of xylazine in urine
Authors: Kyle Patrick B , Mattiello Christopher J , Hua Albert , Toohey Joanne M , Korn Warren R , Saldana-Reed Alana , Stickle Douglas F 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Xylazine exposure is common in some US cities, but a commercial assay for routine laboratory testing for xylazine is not currently available. We evaluated a pre-release version of the ARK Diagnostics immunoassay for qualitative detection of xylazine/4-hydroxyxylazine in urine. Studies were conducted using either the semi-quantitative assay application (A. Roche Cobas 503 analyzer) or the qualitative assay application (B. Beckman Coulter AU480 analyzer). Study specimens consisted of deidentified patient urine samples submitted for routine drugs-of-abuse testing. Measurements of xylazine (X) were performed by LC–MS–MS to obtain X-NEGATIVE (X &lt;10 ng/mL) and X-POSITIVE (X ≥10 ng/mL). The semi-quantitative ARK assay was calibrated with a 10 ng/mL cutoff for ARK-POSITVE. For (A): among 74 X-POSITIVE samples, there was 1 ARK-NEGATIVE result (false-negative rate = 1.4%); among 78 X-NEGATIVE samples by LC–MS–MS, there were 0% ARK-POSITIVE results (false-positive rate = 0%). For (B), among 74 X-POSITIVE samples, there were 0 ARK-NEGATIVE results (false-negative rate = 0%); among 78 X-NEGATIVE samples there was 1 ARK-POSITIVE sample (false-positive rate = 1.3%). Common sources of interferences were investigated without evidence of interference. The ARK xylazine/4-OH-xylazine immunoassay was found to be suitable for routine use in screening patient urine samples for presence of xylazine &gt;10 ng/mL.
Cross-modal digit span and vocabulary proficiency in deaf or hard-of-hearing children
Authors: Lo Ming , Lin Yi-Xiu , Hue Chih-Wei , Chen Shiou-Yuan , Wang Tzu-Ya , Chen Pei-Hua 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This study aims to examine the relationship between vocabulary proficiency and short-term memory capacity in deaf or hard-of-hearing (DHH) children. We test the hypothesis that the relationship between vocabulary skills and digit span performance could be strengthened when the digit span task encompasses cross-modal integration processes. A group of DHH children performed two types of auditory digit span tasks. Furthermore, they participated in a standardized vocabulary proficiency test, comprising two subtests: Receptive Vocabulary and Expressive Vocabulary. The verbal digit span served as a significant predictor of Expressive Vocabulary among the DHH children. Simultaneously, the auditory-pointing digit span accounted for a substantial portion of performance variation in both Receptive and Expressive Vocabulary. After considering the impact of the duration of auditory-verbal intervention through regression models, likelihood ratio tests demonstrated that the auditory-pointing digit span persisted as a significant determinant of both receptive and expressive vocabulary skills. A positive influence of the intervention was also confirmed by the present results. This study provides evidence that memory span and the ability to integrate cross-modal information could serve as significant cognitive correlates of vocabulary proficiency in DHH children.
Out of Breath: Toward a New Origin Story of Public Health
Authors: Downs Jim 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Problems caused by overcrowding and the simple need to breathe represent one of the major consequences of medical racism. With few exceptions, histories of epidemics, disease prevention, and sanitation often focus on municipal reform efforts to clean up gritty urban centers from London to Paris to New York. This article traces how concerns about ventilation emerged during the transatlantic slave trade and continued to be a problem for Black people throughout the eighteenth, nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The article emphasizes that Black people were not just the victims of medical racism but initiated many crusades in the United States to promote better ventilation throughout the twentieth century. This article highlights the work of Black reformers, doctors, and thinkers who fought to create healthy living conditions for Black people.
Honey bee colony behavior and ontogeny are adversely affected when exposed to a pesticide-contaminated environment
Authors: Tokach Rogan , Smart Autumn , Fassbinder-Orth Carol , Fong Chandler , Wald Kate , Wu-Smart Judy 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Honey bees exhibit age polyethism and thus have a predictable sequence of behaviors they express through developmental time. Numerous laboratory studies show exposure to pesticides may impair critical honey bee behaviors (brood care, foraging, egg-laying, etc.) that adversely affect colony productivity and survival. There are fewer studies that examine the impacts of pesticides in natural field settings, especially given the challenges of implementing treatment groups and controlling variables. This study helps address the need for impact studies on pollinators under field conditions to assess the consequences of chemical overuse and dependency in agricultural and urban landscapes. To assess the impact of systemic pesticides in a natural field setting on worker bee behavioral development, observation hives were established to monitor changes in behaviors of similarly aged workers and sister queens within 2 experimental groups: (i) colonies located near point-source systemic pesticide pollution (pesticide contaminated treatment), and (ii) colonies embedded within a typical Midwestern US agricultural environment (control). In this study, worker bees in the contaminated environment exhibited important and biologically significant behavioral differences and accelerated onset of hive tasks (i.e., precocious behavioral development) compared to similarly aged bees at the control site. Queen locomotion was largely unaffected; however, the egg-laying rate was reduced in queens at the contaminated (treated) site. These results show that environmental pesticide exposure can disrupt colony function and adversely affect worker bee behavioral maturation, leading to reduced worker longevity and decreased colony efficiency.
Effects of summer treatments against Varroa destructor on viral load and colony performance of Apis mellifera colonies in Eastern Canada
Authors: Plamondon Laurence , Paillard Marilène , Julien Carl , Dubreuil Pascal , Giovenazzo Pierre 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Despite the use of various integrated pest management strategies to control the honey bee mite, Varroa destructor, varroosis remains the most important threat to honey bee colony health in many countries. In Canada, ineffective varroa control is linked to high winter colony losses and new treatment options, such as a summer treatment, are greatly needed. In this study, a total of 135 colonies located in 6 apiaries were submitted to one of these 3 varroa treatment strategies: (i) an Apivar® fall treatment followed by an oxalic acid (OA) treatment by dripping method; (ii) same as in (i) with a summer treatment consisting of formic acid (Formic Pro™); and (iii) same as in (i) with a summer treatment consisting of slow-release OA/glycerin pads (total of 27 g of OA/colony). Treatment efficacy and their effects on colony performance, mortality, varroa population, and the abundance of 6 viruses (acute bee paralysis virus [ABPV], black queen cell virus [BQCV], deformed wing virus variant A [DWV-A], deformed wing virus variant B [DWV-B], Israeli acute paralysis virus [IAPV], and Kashmir bee virus [KBV]) were assessed. We show that a strategy with a Formic Pro summer treatment tended to reduce the varroa infestation rate to below the economic fall threshold of 15 daily varroa drop, which reduced colony mortality significantly but did not reduce the prevalence or viral load of the 6 tested viruses at the colony level. A strategy with glycerin/OA pads reduced hive weight gain and the varroa infestation rate, but not below the fall threshold. A high prevalence of DWV-B was measured in all groups, which could be related to colony mortality.
Heightened sensitivity in high-grooming honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Authors: Micholson Derek , Currie Robert W 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Honey bees use grooming to defend against the devastating parasite Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman. We observed the grooming responses of individual bees from colonies previously chosen for high- and low-grooming behavior using a combination of mite mortality and mite damage. Our aim was to gain insight into specific aspects of grooming behavior to compare if high-grooming bees could discriminate between a standardized stimulus (chalk dust) and a stimulus of live Varroa mites and if bees from high-grooming colonies had greater sensitivity across different body regions than bees from low-grooming colonies. We hypothesized that individuals from high-grooming colonies would be more sensitive to both stimuli than bees from low-grooming colonies across different body regions and that bees would have a greater response to Varroa than a standardized irritant (chalk dust). Individuals from high-grooming colonies responded with longer bouts of intense grooming when either stimulus was applied to the head or thorax, compared to sham-stimulated controls, while bees from low-grooming colonies showed no differences between stimulated and sham-stimulated bees. Further, high-grooming bees from colonies with high mite damage exhibited greater grooming to Varroa than high-grooming colonies with only moderate mite damage rates. This study provides new insights into Varroa-specific aspects of grooming, showing that although a standardized stimulus (chalk dust) may be used to assess general grooming ability in individual bee grooming assays, it does not capture the same range of responses as a stimulus of Varroa. Thus, continuing to use Varroa mites in grooming assays should help select colonies with more precise sensitivity to Varroa.
Work-related musculoskeletal pain among physical therapists: a cross-sectional study in Kyoto and Shiga prefectures, Japan
Authors: Tsuji Shuji , Kitahara Teruyo , Tsujimura Hiroji , Shirahoshi Shin-ichi , Iwakura Hiroshi , Tomitagawa Satoshi , Taoda Kazushi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to determine the actual working conditions and prevalence of musculoskeletal pain among physical therapists in Japan, and the risk factors associated with low back pain (LBP) and upper limb pain (ULP).

Methods
A cross-sectional study of physical therapists in the Kyoto and Shiga prefectures was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire. The survey contents included questions regarding personal, work-related, and musculoskeletal pain factors. Logistic regression models were used to analyze factors associated with LBP and ULP.

Results
Responses from 1479 participants were included in the analyses. The prevalence of LBP at the time of the survey and in the past year was 40.1% and 74.3% in females, and 37.8% and 69.9% in males, respectively. The prevalence of ULP was 34.8% and 64.2% in females, and 27.2% and 53.3% in males. The numbers of patients who performed manual therapy per day, worked using a fixed-height bed, performed manual therapy, had job dissatisfaction and stress, were over 40 years old, and slept less than 6 hours were associated with LBP and ULP. Assistance task was a risk factor only for LBP, and female sex a risk factor only for ULP.

Conclusions
The prevalence of LBP and ULP among physical therapists in Japan was as high as that in nurses and care workers. Work-related factors associated with LBP and ULP were identified among physical therapists. Thus, to prevent work-related musculoskeletal disorders, measures to reduce the physical burden from the perspective of occupational health are required.
Second-order water wave properties over Roseau’s three-parameter bottom topography
Authors: Ehrenmark Ulf 
Published: May 2024

SummaryIn his book Asymptotic Wave Theory (North-Holland 1976), Roseau develops the only known exact solution for linear wave propagation over a shoal. Remarkably, almost half a century later, the only properties of that solution which appear to have been used to validate more wide-ranging models are the limiting values of wave height in the far field. The primary aim of this work is to remedy this situation by providing a robust computational setting where the solution may be fully evaluated randomly both on the surface and the interior, speedily and to a high degree of accuracy. Such ‘benchmark’ solutions will facilitate a much more rigorous approach to validation of more general alternative approximation models. One such has some of its numerical results here examined and subsequently largely vindicated by the present calculations. Computation of the absolutely convergent solution integrals is supported by cubic spline approximation of an integrand component which satisfies a certain difference equation and the work is extended to cover bottom profiles with overhang including the extreme case where the overhang degenerates to a semi-infinite flat plate. The further development of solutions at second-order reveals details of mean Eulerian current and the attendant Stokes drift enabling mass transport computations; all illustrated through the entire depth with a range of contouring and arrows plots. The force field that drives a second harmonic component is calculated and shows excellent agreement with its equivalent in the more general modal expansion model applied to a non-identical but somewhat similar profile. This further validates the modelling approach and application described in that work.
Monopoly of Taxation Without a Monopoly of Violence: The Weak State’s Trade-Offs From Taxation
Authors: Henn Soeren J , Mugaruka Christian Mastaki , Ortiz Miguel , Sánchez de la Sierra Raúl , Wu David Qihang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This study presents a new economic perspective on state-building based on a case study in the Democratic Republic of the Congo’s hinterland. We explore the implications for the state of considering rebels as stationary bandits. When the state, through a military operation, made it impossible for rebels to levy taxes, it inadvertently encouraged them to plunder the assets of the very citizens they previously preferred to tax. When it negotiated with rebels instead, this effect was absent, but negotiating compromised the state’s legitimacy and prompted the emergence of new rebels. The findings suggest that attempting to increase taxation by a weak state in the hinterland could come at the expense of safety in the medium term and of the integrity of the state in the long term.