bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vasopressin released within the central amygdala promotes maternal aggression
Authors: Bosch Oliver J. , Neumann Inga D. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractVasopressin regulates important aspects of social behaviour. Although vasopressin is more prominent in the expression of male social behaviours, we recently demonstrated its role in the fine‐tuned maintenance of maternal care in lactating rats. Here, we investigate the involvement of brain vasopressin in the regulation of maternal aggression in lactating Wistar rats selectively bred for either high (HAB) or low (LAB) anxiety‐related behaviour. The genetically determined elevation in vasopressin mRNA expression was confirmed within the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of virgin and lactating HAB rats and was additionally found in limbic brain areas. Lactating HAB dams are more maternally aggressive as part of their generally higher level of maternal care compared with LAB rats. Using intracerebral microdialysis, we describe increased vasopressin release within the central amygdala, but not the paraventricular nucleus, during maternal aggression only in HAB dams. Moreover, the release of vasopressin within the central amygdala was positively correlated with the display of offensive behaviour. Blockade of local vasopressin actions by bilateral administration of a selective vasopressin V1a receptor antagonist into the central amygdala reduced maternal aggression in HAB dams, whereas synthetic vasopressin increased the low level of aggression in LAB rats. Vasopressin receptor binding within the central amygdala or the paraventricular nucleus was similar in HAB and LAB females. In conclusion, vasopressin is an important neuropeptide regulating maternal aggressive behaviour, thus further extending its involvement in female social behaviour. Differences in intracerebral vasopressin release within the central amygdala rather than local vasopressin receptor binding contribute to the level of maternal aggression.
Feature to space conversion during target selection in the dorsolateral and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex of monkeys
Authors: Inoue Masato , Mikami Akichika 
Published: February 2010

AbstractTo investigate the neuronal mechanism of the process of selection of a target from an array of stimuli, we analysed neuronal activity of the lateral prefrontal cortex during the response period of a serial probe reproduction task. During the response period of this task, monkeys were trained to select a memorized target object from an array of three objects and make a saccadic eye movement toward it. Of 611 neurons, 74 neurons showed visual response and 56 neurons showed presaccadic activity during the response period. Among visual neurons, 27 showed array‐ and target‐selectivity. All of these array‐ and target‐selective visual responses were recorded from the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC). Among 56 neurons with presaccadic activity, nine showed target‐selective activity, 17 showed target‐ and direction‐selective activity, and 23 showed direction‐selective activity. The target‐selective, and the target‐ and direction‐selective activities were recorded from the VLPFC, and the direction‐selective activities were recorded from VLPFC and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). The starting time of the activity was earlier for the target‐selective, and target‐ and direction‐selective activities in VLPFC, intermediate for the direction‐selective activities in VLPFC, and later for the direction‐selective activities in DLPFC. These results suggest that VLPFC plays a role in the process of selection of a target object from an array of stimuli, VLPFC and DLPFC play a role in determining the location of the target in space, and DLPFC plays a role in selecting a direction and making a decision to generate a saccadic eye movement.
Glycine transport accounts for the differential role of glycine vs.d‐serine at NMDA receptor coagonist sites in the salamander retina
Authors: Stevens Eric R. , Gustafson Eric C. , Miller Robert F. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn this study, we demonstrate thatd‐serine interacts withN‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR) coagonist sites of retinal ganglion cells of the tiger salamander retina by showing that exogenousd‐serine overcomes the competitive antagonism of 7‐chlorokynurenic acid for this site. Additionally, we show that exogenousd‐serine was more than 30 times as effective at potentiating NMDAR currents compared with glycine. We thus examined the importance of glycine transport through the application of selective antagonists of the GlyT1 (NFPS) and GlyT2 (ALX‐5670) transport systems, while simultaneously evaluating the degree of occupancy of the NMDAR coagonist binding sites. Analysis was carried out with electrophysiological recordings from the inner retina, including whole‐cell recordings from retinal ganglion cells and extracellular recordings of the proximal negative field potential. Blocking the GlyT2 transport system had no effect on the light‐evoked NMDAR currents or on the sensitivity of these currents to exogenousd‐serine. In contrast, when the GlyT1 system was blocked, the coagonist sites of NMDARs showed full occupancy. These findings clearly establish the importance of the GlyT1 transporter as an essential component for maintaining the coagonist sites of NMDARs in a non‐saturated state. The normal, unsaturated state of the NMDAR coagonist binding sites allows modulation of the NMDAR currents, by release of eitherd‐serine or glycine. These results are discussed in light of contemporary findings which favord‐serine over glycine as the major coagonist of the NMDARs found in ganglion cells of the tiger salamander retina.
Insulin resistance increases the risk of urinary stone formation in a rat model of metabolic syndrome
Authors: Iba Akinori , Kohjimoto Yasuo , Mori Takashi , Kuramoto Tomomi , Nishizawa Satoshi , Fujii Reona , Nanpo Yoshihito , Matsumura Nagahide , Shintani Yasuyo , Inagaki Takeshi , Hara Isao 
Published: February 2010

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association between metabolic syndrome and urinary stone disease, and whether insulin resistance associated with adiposity affects the risk of urinary stone formation, using a rat model of metabolic syndrome.MATERIALS AND METHODSFour‐week‐old male Otsuka Long‐Evans Tokushima ‘Fatty’ (OLETF, a model of human type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome) rats, and Long‐Evans Tokushima (LETO, a non‐diabetic control) rats (10 each) were given a standardized diet and free access to water. Body weight and serum and urinary biochemistry were determined every 4 weeks. Ten‐week‐old male OLETF and LETO rats were divided into three groups of nine each and treated with vehicle or oral administration of 3 or 10 mg/kg/day pioglitazone, an agent that improves insulin resistance. After 4 weeks, body weight and serum and urinary biochemistry were determined.RESULTSThe OLETF rats had significantly lower urinary pH and citrate excretion, and higher urinary uric acid and calcium excretion, than the LETO rats, with increases in body weight, serum triglyceride, glucose and insulin. The administration of pioglitazone to the OLETF rats for 4 weeks significantly increased urinary pH dose‐dependently. There was no change in the urinary excretion of citrate, uric acid, calcium, oxalate or magnesium.CONCLUSIONThese results indicate that metabolic syndrome causes the changes in urinary constituents, leading to increased risk of both uric acid and calcium stone formation. Improvement in insulin resistance, a central cause of metabolic syndrome, might prevent uric acid stone formation by raising urinary pH.
Embedding the War on Terror: State and Civil Society Relations
Authors: Fowler Alan , Sen Kasturi 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTThe global war on terror was used by the Bush administration and its allies to defend a US dominated geopolitical configuration. To this end, counter‐terrorism measures (CTMs) were introduced which strengthened the alignment of development aid with diplomacy and defence. The broad, adverse effects of CTMs on civil liberties and human rights are well documented. Despite the advent of a new US administration and a ‘soft power’ approach to international relations, the legacy of the war on terror remains embedded in the laws, policies and attitudes of many states and regimes that continue to enclose the lives of citizens. This article describes the experiences of civil society organizations (CSOs) as ‘securitization’ processes unfolded. Studies over two years involving some forty countries provide an on‐the‐ground view to probe the gains and losses of securitization, both for governments in the US‐led ‘coalition of the willing’ and for civil society in terms of the pressures emerging from a development‐for‐security agenda. The authors identify some of the perverse zero‐sum effects on governments of CTM philosophy and the means employed. Findings also show asymmetry between northern and southern CSOs in terms of their negative‐sum subordination, found in the definition of security and in the vulnerability to new risks involved in undertaking development work.
Elites in Local Development in the Philippines
Authors: Lange Andreas 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTFor many Philippine provinces, decentralization and more autonomous local development planning did not lead to the desired outcomes. This article examines the experiences of the two provinces of Cebu and Leyte. While Cebu became a centre of trade and industry, Leyte is still struggling with its local economy oriented to natural resources. A main reason for the divergent development paths of the two islands can be found in the emergence of different elite structures, which resulted in different path‐dependent patterns of economic specialization. Despite this different historical experience, both provinces today suffer from similar institutional infirmities in their planning system for promoting local development. Local planning capacity constraints, such as regional and local co‐ordination and co‐operation patterns, local finances, human capital and knowledge are analysed. The Cebuano elites used the room for manoeuvre provided by decentralization reforms more successfully than elites in Leyte. This created pockets of efficiency in Cebu leading to more development‐friendly investment policies. In order to increase local and regional planning capacity, short‐term interventions and policy reforms at the local, regional and national level are discussed.
The Changing Accessibility of Educational Opportunities in Southern Sri Lanka
Authors: Lindberg Jonas 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTTo handle the double challenge of economic competitiveness and poverty alleviation, there are increasing calls for dual education strategies designed to handle both these issues simultaneously. Based on field research in rural Sri Lanka, this article aims to contribute to the understanding of how educational opportunities of different groups in different areas are shifting in the context of a changing world of work and new skill requirements in the global economy. An ongoing stratification of educational opportunities is identified, based on the growth of private tuition and English‐medium education, as well as a rationalization of the education system. The article shows that future attempts to reform the education system in Sri Lanka must be better rooted in the preferences and aspirations of poor groups in rural areas, and that educational opportunities must be seen as relative, relational and contextual.
The Regulatory State and Turkish Banking Reforms in the Age of Post‐Washington Consensus
Authors: Bakir Caner , Öniş Ziya 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTThe new era of the Post‐Washington Consensus (PWC), promoted under the auspices of International Financial Institutions such as the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, centres on the need to develop sound financial regulation and strong regulatory institutions, especially in the realm of banking and finance in post‐financial crisis developing countries. This article uses an examination of the Turkish banking sector experience with the PWC in the aftermath of the 2001 financial crisis to show its considerable strengths and weaknesses. The authors argue that the emergent regulatory state in the bank‐based financial system has a narrow focus on strengthening prudential regulation, whilst ignoring the increased ‘financialization’ of the Turkish economy. They identify the positive features of the new era of the PWC in terms of prudential regulation, which has become much more robust in its ability to withstand external shocks. At the same time, however, the article highlights some of the limitations of the new era which resemble the limitations of the PWC. These include the distributional impact of the regulatory reforms within the banking sector, and notably the emergence of foreign banks as the major beneficiaries of this process; weaknesses in promoting productive bank intermediation that finance the real economy and economic growth, leading to poverty reduction via growth of employment whilst stimulating financialization within the economy; and finally, the exclusive focus on prudential regulation, whilst ignoring regulatory costs, consumer protection and competition regulation.
Adult mortality in Russia
Authors: Denisova Irina 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis paper studies the determinants of Russian adult mortality controlling for both individual and household heterogeneity. We employ survival analysis and utilize 12 rounds of the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey spanning a 14‐year period. Although confirming the crucial role of excessive alcohol consumption in shaping adult mortality risks in Russia, the results are original in several other respects. We find empirical support for the importance of relative status measured in non‐income terms in shaping mortality hazards. We find evidence of the influence of labour market behaviour, and sectoral and occupational mobility in particular, on longevity. The detrimental role of smoking to health is found to be comparable with the role of excess alcohol consumption, which is novel in the Russian context where the influence of smoking is typically downplayed in comparison with alcoholism. Finally, we find no micro evidence in support of the political economy view based on a positive correlation between low alcohol prices and high mortality rates found in regional‐level data.
Comparison of the WAIS‐III and WISC‐IV in 16‐Year‐Old Special Education Students
Authors: Gordon Shirley , Duff Simon , Davidson Terry , Whitaker Simon 
Published: February 2010

Background  Previous research with earlier versions of the WISC and WAIS has demonstrated that when administered to people who have intellectual disabilities, the WAIS produced higher IQ scores than the WISC. The aim of this study was to examine whether these differences still exist. A comparison of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Third Edition (WAIS‐III) with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children – Fourth Edition (WISC‐IV) was conducted with individuals who were 16 years old and receiving special education.Materials and Methods  All participants completed the WAIS‐III (UK) and WISC‐IV (UK). The order of administration was counterbalanced; the mean Full Scale IQ and Index scores on the WAIS‐III and WISC‐IV were compared.Results  The WAIS‐III mean Full Scale IQ was 11.82 points higher than the mean Full Scale IQ score on the WISC‐IV. Significant differences were also found between the Verbal Comprehension Index, Perceptual Reasoning/Organization Index and Processing Speed Index on the WAIS‐III and WISC‐IV, all with the WAIS‐III scoring higher.Conclusions  The findings suggest that the WAIS‐III produces higher scores than the WISC‐IV in people with intellectual disabilities. This has implications for definitions of intellectual disability and suggests that Psychologists should be cautious when interpreting and reporting IQ scores on the WAIS‐III and WISC‐IV.
Clinical and geographical variation in prophylactic and therapeutic treatments for pre‐eclampsia in the UK
Authors: Chappell LC , Seed P , Enye S , Briley AL , Poston L , Shennan AH 
Published: February 2010

Please cite this paper as: Chappell L, Seed P, Enye S, Briley A, Poston L, Shennan A. Clinical and geographical variation in prophylactic and therapeutic treatments for pre‐eclampsia in the UK. BJOG 2010; DOI: 10.1111/j.1471‐0528.2010.02507.x.Objective  To evaluate the clinical and geographical variation in the use of aspirin in women at high risk of pre‐eclampsia, and in the use of antihypertensive drugs and magnesium sulphate in women with established pre‐eclampsia.Design  Analysis of vitamins in pre‐eclampsia (VIP) trial database.Sample  A total of 2399 women at increased risk of pre‐eclampsia in 25 UK hospitals.Methods  An analysis of a large prospectively validated database of high‐risk women in the UK was undertaken to assess aspirin use across different risk groups and to evaluate the use of antihypertensives and magnesium sulphate in 370 women who developed pre‐eclampsia. Logistic regression was employed to compare drug use between region and by recognised clinical indicators.Main outcome measures  Usage of aspirin, antihypertensive drugs and magnesium sulphate.Results  Of the women with known risk factors at trial entry, 24% (569/2399) received low‐dose aspirin. Aspirin usage varied widely between risk groups [from 5% (19/378) in women with multiple pregnancy to 94% (50/53) in women with antiphospholipid syndrome] and between geographical regions [from 8% (20/248) to 49% (95/193)]. Three hundred and seventy women developed pre‐eclampsia, 52% (n = 193) of whom received new or additional antihypertensives after 20 weeks of gestation; 34% (77/224) with a maximum recorded systolic blood pressure of ≥160 mmHg in the second half of pregnancy did not receive antihypertensive treatment; 17% (62/370) of women with pre‐eclampsia received magnesium sulphate prophylactically.Conclusions  Prophylactic and treatment regimes for pre‐eclampsia in the UK vary by region and risk group.
A series of 400 laparoscopic hysterectomies for benign disease: a single centre, single surgeon prospective study of complications confirming previous retrospective study
Authors: Donnez O , Donnez J 
Published: February 2010

Please cite this paper as: Donnez O, Donnez J. A series of 400 laparoscopic hysterectomies for benign disease: a single centre, single surgeon prospective study of complications confirming previous retrospective study. BJOG 2010; DOI: 10.1111/j.1471‐0528.2010.02520.x.The aim of this study was to evaluate the complication rate after total and subtotal laparoscopic hysterectomy for benign disease performed by the same surgeon after an adequate learning curve. We conducted a prospective evaluation of complications in a continuous series of 400 women undergoing laparoscopic subtotal hysterectomy (LASH) or total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) between October 2005 and January 2009. In the LASH group (n = 148), both the minor and major complication rates were 1.35% (n = 2; n = 2), whereas in the TLH group (n = 252), the rate was 1.59% for major complications (n = 4) and 0% for minor complications, clearly confirming that laparoscopic hysterectomy is safe in experienced hands, especially in terms of urinary tract injuries.
Thermogeography predicts the potential global range of the invasive European green crab (Carcinus maenas)
Authors: Compton T. J. , Leathwick J. R. , Inglis G. J. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAim  The highly adaptable estuarine crab (Carcinus maenas) has successfully invaded five temperate geographic regions outside of its native Europe. Here, we determine which environmental factors predict the current distribution of C. maenas and what the potential geographic range of this species might be. We also investigated whether the invasion potential of C. maenas differs with respect to the origin of a native subpopulation.Location  Models were developed using global observation records of C. maenas.Methods  Boosted regression trees were used to model observations from the (1) native, (2) invasive, (3) southern European, (4) northern European and (5) the combined native and invasive geographic ranges of C. maenas.Results  Most established invasions were predicted mainly based on temperature. Interestingly, the environment encountered by established invasions failed to predict the majority of northern European populations; suggesting that invasion potential may differ between distinct native populations. Supporting this suggestion, a model of northern European populations, distinguished from southern European populations based on genetic structure, only predicted established invasions south of Nova Scotia. By contrast, a model of southern European populations predicted most established invasions.Main conclusions  These results suggest that invasion potential depends on the European origin of an invasive population and that most invasions have arisen from southern Europe. Finally, a model based on combined native and invasive ranges of C. maenas identified potential geographic range extension along many currently invaded coastlines and the potential invasion of countries like Chile, China, Russia, Namibia and New Zealand.
Spreading to a limit: the time required for a neophyte to reach its maximum range
Authors: Gassó Núria , Pyšek Petr , Vilà Montserrat , Williamson Mark 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe average range size of alien plants in Spain reaches a maximum at 143 years. This is consistent with estimates of such a maximum in Ireland, Britain, Germany and the Czech Republic. A round figure of about 150 years on average for neophytes to reach their maximum range in European countries is indicated.
French summaries of product characteristics: content in relation to therapeutic monitoring of psychotropic drugs
Authors: Rougemont Michael , Ulrich Sven , Hiemke Christoph , Corruble Emmanuelle , Baumann Pierre 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe prescription information (summary of product characteristics, SPC) is compiled by the pharmaceutical industry as required by the national regulatory authorities. They vary in their content about the properties of drugs and about the usefulness of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in the blood of patients. Based on a previous study carried out in Germany, the degree of agreement of French SPC for 59 psychotropic drugs with the existing medico‐scientific evidence in the area of TDM was examined using a recently developed instrument. A summary score of SPC content (SPCC) related to TDM (SPCCTDM) has been calculated and compared with the level of recommendation of TDM of the AGNP‐TDM expert group consensus guidelines for TDM in psychiatry [AGNP: Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Neuropsychopharmakologie und Pharmakopsychiatrie (Association for neuropsychopharmacology and pharmacopsychiatry)]. Among the antidepressants, antipsychotics, tranquillizers/hypnotic agents and mood stabilizers, the highest SPCCTDM scores in the French SPC were reached for imipramine (16), haloperidol (6), clonazepam (8) and lithium (23), respectively. Results were similar to those obtained from the analysis of German SPC, and considerable disagreement was found between the information on TDM in SPC and existing medico‐scientific evidence, albeit less in the case of mood stabilizers. Taking into account the recommendations of the AGNP‐TDM expert group guidelines, there is a deficit in the French SPC concerning TDM‐relevant information. An amelioration of this situation could help to improve the clinical practice of TDM of psychotropic drugs, as the SPC is a widely used tool.