bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of nutritional status and nutritional risk in hospitalized Iranian children
Authors: Moeeni Vesal , Walls Tony , Day Andrew S 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAims:  This study aimed to define the nutritional state of children admitted to a tertiary Iranian hospital and to evaluate nutritional risk score tools in these children.Methods:  The anthropometry of hospitalized and healthy children from the same community was determined. Three nutritional risk score tools were applied to all inpatients.Results:  One hundred and nineteen inpatients were recruited along with a comparison group of 100 children. The prevalence of under‐nutrition in the inpatient group was 25.2% and 3% in the community group (p < 0.0001). Obesity/overweight was more prevalent in the community group than the inpatients (22% versus 2.5%: p = 0.04). Severely malnourished children had a longer hospital stay than those with normal nutrition (p < 0.0001). The nutritional risk score tools identified between 83% and 90% of the malnourished patients in the moderate and high‐risk groups. The STRONGkids tool correlated more strongly with anthropometric measurements than the other tools. The length of hospital stay was associated with risk status (p = 0.004).Conclusion:  Hospitalized Iranian children have higher rates of under‐nutrition than healthy children from the same community. NRS tools were able to identify children at nutritional risk; however, variable utility was observed. Further assessment of NRS tools in the developing setting is required.
The Alberta Pregnancy Outcomes and Nutrition (APrON) cohort study: rationale and methods
Authors: Kaplan Bonnie J. , Giesbrecht Gerald F. , Leung Brenda M.Y. , Field Catherine J. , Dewey Deborah , Bell Rhonda C. , Manca Donna P. , O'Beirne Maeve , Johnston David W. , Pop Victor J. , Singhal Nalini , Gagnon Lisa , Bernier Francois P. , Eliasziw Misha , McCargar Linda J. , Kooistra Libbe , Farmer Anna , Cantell Marja , Goonewardene Laki , Casey Linda M. , Letourneau Nicole , Martin Jonathan W. ,   the APrON Study Team
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe Alberta Pregnancy Outcomes and Nutrition (APrON) study is an ongoing prospective cohort study that recruits pregnant women early in pregnancy and, as of 2012, is following up their infants to 3 years of age. It has currently enrolled approximately 5000 Canadians (2000 pregnant women, their offspring and many of their partners). The primary aims of the APrON study were to determine the relationships between maternal nutrient intake and status, before, during and after gestation, and (1) maternal mood; (2) birth and obstetric outcomes; and (3) infant neurodevelopment. We have collected comprehensive maternal nutrition, anthropometric, biological and mental health data at multiple points in the pregnancy and the post‐partum period, as well as obstetrical, birth, health and neurodevelopmental outcomes of these pregnancies. The study continues to follow the infants through to 36 months of age. The current report describes the study design and methods, and findings of some pilot work. The APrON study is a significant resource with opportunities for collaboration.
Inhibition of XMRV and HIV‐1 proteases by pepstatin A and acetyl‐pepstatin
Authors: Matúz Krisztina , Mótyán János , Li Mi , Wlodawer Alexander , Tőzsér József 
Published: July 2012

The kinetic properties of two classical inhibitors of aspartic proteases (PRs), pepstatin A and acetyl‐pepstatin, were compared in their interactions with HIV‐1 and xenotropic murine leukemia virus related virus (XMRV) PRs. Both compounds are substantially weaker inhibitors of XMRV PR than of HIV‐1 PR. Previous kinetic and structural studies characterized HIV‐1 PR–acetyl‐pepstatin and XMRV PR–pepstatin A complexes and suggested dramatically different binding modes. Interaction energies were calculated for the possible binding modes and suggested a strong preference for the one‐inhibitor binding mode for HIV‐1 PR–acetyl‐pepstatin and the two‐inhibitor binding mode for XMRV PR–pepstatin A interactions. Comparison of the molecular models suggested that in the case of XMRV PR the relatively unfavorable interactions at S3′ and the favorable interactions at S4 and S4′ sites with the statine residues may shift the ground state binding towards the two‐inhibitor binding mode, whereas the single molecule ground state binding of statines to the HIV‐1 PR appear to be more favorable. The preferred single molecular binding to HIV‐1 PR allows the formation of the transition state complex, represented by substantially better binding constants. Intriguingly, the crystal structure of the complex of acetyl‐pepstatin with XMRV PR has shown a mixed type of binding: the unusual binding mode of two molecules of the inhibitor to the enzyme, in a mode very similar to the previously determined complex with pepstatin A, together with the classical binding mode found for HIV‐1 PR. The structure is thus in good agreement with the very similar interaction energies calculated for the two types of binding.Database
The final coordinates of the crystal structure of XMRV protease complexed with acetyl‐pepstatin are available in the Protein Data Bank under the accession number 4EXHStructured digital abstract
HIV‐1 PR and HIV‐1 PR bind by biochemical (View interaction)
XMRV PR cleaves MLV Gag by enzymatic study (View interaction)
XMRV PR and XMRV PR bind by biochemical (View interaction)
XMRV PR and XMRV PR bind by x‐ray crystallography (View interaction)
Genetic variation and risks of introgression in the wild Coffea arabica gene pool in south‐western Ethiopian montane rainforests
Authors: Aerts Raf , Berecha Gezahegn , Gijbels Pieter , Hundera Kitessa , Van Glabeke Sabine , Vandepitte Katrien , Muys Bart , Roldán‐Ruiz Isabel , Honnay Olivier 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe montane rainforests of SW Ethiopia are the primary centre of diversity of Coffea arabica and the origin of all Arabica coffee cultivated worldwide. This wild gene pool is potentially threatened by forest fragmentation and degradation, and by introgressive hybridization with locally improved coffee varieties. We genotyped 703 coffee shrubs from unmanaged and managed coffee populations, using 24 microsatellite loci. Additionally, we genotyped 90 individuals representing 23 Ethiopian cultivars resistant to coffee berry disease (CBD). We determined population genetic diversity, genetic structure, and admixture of cultivar alleles in the in situ gene pool. We found strong genetic differentiation between managed and unmanaged coffee populations, but without significant differences in within‐population genetic diversity. The widespread planting of coffee seedlings including CBD‐resistant cultivars most likely offsets losses of genetic variation attributable to genetic drift and inbreeding. Mixing cultivars with original coffee genotypes, however, leaves ample opportunity for hybridization and replacement of the original coffee gene pool, which already shows signs of admixture. In situ conservation of the wild gene pool of C. arabica must therefore focus on limiting coffee production in the remaining wild populations, as intensification threatens the genetic integrity of the gene pool by exposing wild genotypes to cultivars.
Building Communities of Practice: The Research Nurse Round Table
Authors: Larkin Mary E. , Griffith Catherine A. , Pitler Linda , Donahue Lauren , Sbrolla Amy 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis paper shares the experience of establishing a research nurse forum aimed at knowledge sharing, problem solving, and community building from the perspective of a group of clinical research nurses at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), a tertiary care center in Boston, ­Massachusetts. We report on a sequence of developmental steps taken to create this forum as an example of best practice for research nurses. Logistical considerations, mission and goals, as well as outcomes and implications for practice are described, with the intent that others interested in building similar forums can replicate aspects of this model within their own practice settings. Clin Trans Sci 2012; Volume 5: 428–431
Development of a distributed rainfall‐run‐off/flood‐inundation simulation and economic risk assessment model
Authors: Kobayashi K. , Takara K. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA distributed rainfall‐run‐off/flood‐inundation (DRR/FI) simulation model is developed based on a one‐dimensional dynamic wave equation for river routing and a two‐dimensional shallow water equation for surface flow simulation. The DRR/FI model can be used in different ways with the prevailing 1D pathway kinematic wave‐based distributed rainfall‐run‐off model. The DRR/FI model is designed to simulate rainfall‐run‐off processes and dike‐break/inland water inundation processes in a catchment in an integrated manner. Additionally, a direct house/crop economic loss estimation model is integrated with the DRR/FI model. With the loss estimation model, the direct house/crop economic damage within the DRR/FI model domain can be estimated in currency all at once. The DRR/FI and economic risk estimation model are applied to the Sayogawa river catchment in Japan, which experienced a severe flood disaster on 9–10 August 2009. The simulated water level/discharge and inundation area values obtained using the DRR/FI model with radar‐composite and radar‐Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition System (AMeDAS) reanalysis data are in good agreement with the observations. The results also show the range of validity obtained using raw radar data for flood forecasting. Finally, estimation of the direct house/crop economic loss has been carried out. In the results, the economic loss for houses is estimated at 23.0 billion JPY and the crop loss at 0.67 billion JPY. These estimations are in fairly good agreement with the reported values of 18.5 billion and 0.245 billion JPY.
Psychological assessment of chemical injured war veterans compared to non‐chemical injured war veterans
Authors: Mohaghegh‐Motlagh Seyed‐Jafar , Arab Atieh , Momtazi Saeed , Musavi‐Nasab Seyed‐Nureddin , Saburi Amin 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIntroductionChemical weapons induce various and long‐lasting physical complications that can affect mental health. We assessed the psychiatric status of chemical and non‐chemical injured war veterans.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study on chemical and non‐chemical war injured veterans. The Persian version of the Beck Depressive Inventory, Social Anxiety Scale and both the PTSD Checklist‐Military and Impact of Event Scale‐Revised were used for evaluation of psychiatric condition. Data were analyzed and compared using SPSS version 16 and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe prevalence of clinical depression was 47.5% and 48.3%, for anxiety it was 11.3% and 7.9%, and for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) it was 40% and 28.1% in chemical and non‐chemical injured veterans, respectively. Depression, anxiety and PTSD prevalence and scales did not show any significant difference between chemical and non‐chemical war injured veterans (P < 0.05). There was a relationship between these variables and some factors, such as type of soldier dispatch by military organizations (P < 0.05) and their occupations (P < 0.05), but there was no relationship between these and accident time, literacy, and type of chemical agents (P > 0.05).DiscussionIn the literature, the mental health of civilians who have been exposed to chemical agents could be affected because of long‐term adverse consequences, but in the present study psychological condition did not show any difference between chemical and non‐chemical war injured veterans. Further investigation on veterans is necessary.
Genome Annotation of Five Mycoplasma canis Strains
Authors: Brown D. R. , May M. , Michaels D. L. , Barbet A. F. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT

To understand its potential to cause invasive disease, the genome of
Mycoplasma canis
strain PG14
T
from a dog's throat was compared to those of isolates from the genital tract or brain of dogs. The average nucleotide identity between strain pairs is 98%, and their genome annotations are similar.
A Longitudinal 6-Year Study of the Molecular Epidemiology of Clinical Campylobacter Isolates in Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
Authors: Cody Alison J. , McCarthy Noel M. , Wimalarathna Helen L. , Colles Frances M. , Clark Lorraine , Bowler Ian C. J. W. , Maiden Martin C. J. , Dingle Kate E. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT

Temporal and seasonal trends in
Campylobacter
genotypes causing human gastroenteritis were investigated in a 6-year study of 3,300 recent isolates from Oxfordshire, United Kingdom. Genotypes (sequence types [ST]) were defined using multilocus sequence typing and assigned to a clonal complex (a cluster of related strains that share four or more identical alleles with a previously defined central genotype). A previously undescribed clonal complex (ST-464) was identified which, together with ST-42, ST-45, and ST-52 complexes, showed increasing incidence. Concurrently, the incidence of ST-574, ST-607, and ST-658 complexes declined. The relative frequencies of three clonal complexes (ST-45, ST-283, and ST-42) peaked during summer and those of two (ST-353 and ST-403) peaked during winter. Nine clonal complexes (ST-22, ST-45, ST-48, ST-61, ST-257, ST-283, ST-403, ST-658, and ST-677) were significantly associated with ciprofloxacin sensitivity (
P
< 0.05). Seven clonal complexes (ST-49, ST-206, ST-354, ST-446, ST-460, ST-464, and ST-607) were associated with ciprofloxacin resistance (
P
< 0.05). Clonal complexes exhibited changing incidence and differences in seasonality and antibiotic resistance phenotype. These data also demonstrated that detailed surveillance at a single site captures information which reflects that observed nationally.
Multilocus Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Analysis-Confirmed Emergence of a Macrolide Resistance-Associated Mutation in Mycoplasma pneumoniae during Macrolide Therapy for Interstitial Pneumonia in an Immunocompromised Child
Authors: Hantz Sébastien , Garnier Fabien , Peuchant Olivia , Menetrey Céline , Charron Alain , Ploy Marie-Cécile , Bébéar Cécile , Pereyre Sabine 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT

A child with Job's syndrome was treated for pneumonia due to
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
. A mixed population of wild-type bacteria and an A2059G mutant was detected during josamycin treatment failure. The same multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) type (MLVA type I) was isolated before and after treatment failure. The child recovered after ciprofloxacin treatment.
Homeostasis and Function of Regulatory T Cells in HIV/SIV Infection
Authors: Moreno-Fernandez Maria E. , Presicce Pietro , Chougnet Claire A. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTRegulatory T cells (Tregs) play a pivotal role in the maintenance of tolerance as well as in the control of immune activation, particularly during chronic infections. In the setting of HIV infection, the majority of studies have reported an increase in Treg frequency but a decrease in absolute number in all immune compartments of HIV-infected individuals. Several nonexclusive mechanisms have been postulated to explain this preferential Treg accumulation, including peripheral survival, increased proliferation, increased peripheral conversion, and tissue redistribution. The role played by Tregs during HIV infection is still poorly understood, as two opposing hypotheses have been proposed. A detrimental role of Tregs during HIV infection was suggested based on the evidence that Tregs suppress virus-specific immune responses. Conversely, Tregs could be beneficial by limiting immune activation, thus controlling the availability of HIV targets as well as preventing immune-based pathologies. Despite the technical difficulties, getting a better understanding of the mechanisms regulating Treg dynamics remains important, as it will help determine whether we can successfully manipulate Treg function or number to the advantage of the infected host. The aim of this review is thus to discuss the recent findings on Treg homeostasis and function in the setting of HIV infection.
CD8 Marks a Subpopulation of Lung-Derived Dendritic Cells with Differential Responsiveness to Viral Infection and Toll-Like Receptor Stimulation
Authors: Beauchamp Nicole M. , Yammani Rama D. , Alexander-Miller Martha A. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT

An increasing number of studies suggest that individual subsets of dendritic cells (DC) exhibit distinct capabilities with regard to the generation of the adaptive immune response. In this study, we evaluated the properties of a relatively unexplored DC subset present in the lung-draining mediastinal lymph node. This subset expresses the airway dendritic cell marker CD103 together with CD8. These DC were of interest given that our previous studies using a model of respiratory infection with vaccinia virus revealed a distinct difference in the ability of CD103
+
DC to prime T cells that correlated inversely with the expression of CD8, suggesting a differential role of these DC in the context of respiratory virus infection. To expand our understanding of the role of this DC population, we performed analyses to elucidate the phenotype, migratory capacity, responsiveness to innate stimuli, and priming capacity of CD8
+
CD103
+
DC. We found that expression of surface markers on these DC was similar to that of CD8
−
CD103
+
DC, supporting their close relationship. Further, the two DC types were similar with regard to antigen uptake. However, although both CD103
+
subsets originated from the lung, CD8-bearing CD103
+
DC appeared in the lymph node with delayed kinetics following virus infection. While this subset exhibited increased responsiveness to a number of Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, their response to infection was virus specific, demonstrating poor responsiveness to vaccinia virus infection but robust maturation following infection with parainfluenza virus 5 or influenza virus. These findings show that CD8 marks a population of lung airway-derived DC with distinct migratory and maturation responses that likely contribute differentially to the immune response depending on the infecting pathogen.
The Adenovirus L4-22K Protein Is Multifunctional and Is an Integral Component of Crucial Aspects of Infection
Authors: Wu Kai , Orozco Diana , Hearing Patrick 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT

A variety of cellular and viral processes are coordinately regulated during adenovirus (Ad) infection to achieve optimal virus production. The Ad late gene product L4-22K has been associated with disparate activities during infection, including the regulation of late gene expression, viral DNA packaging, and infectious virus production. We generated and characterized two L4-22K mutant viruses to further explore L4-22K functions during viral infection. Our results show that L4-22K is indeed important for temporal control of viral gene expression not only because it activates late gene expression but also because it suppresses early gene expression. We also show that the L4-22K protein binds to viral packaging sequences
in vivo
and is essential to recruit two other packaging proteins, IVa2 and L1-52/55K, to this region. The elimination of L4-22K gave rise to the production of only empty virus capsids and not mature virions, which confirms that the L4-22K protein is required for Ad genome packaging. Finally, L4-22K contributes to adenovirus-induced cell death by regulating the expression of the adenovirus death protein. Thus, the adenovirus L4-22K protein is multifunctional and an integral component of crucial aspects of infection.
Crossing over does occur in males ofDrosophila ananassaefrom natural populations
Authors: Goñi Beatriz , Matsuda Muneo , Yamamoto Masa-Toshi , Vilela Carlos R. , Tobari Yoshiko N. 
Published: July 2012

Spontaneous crossing over in males of Drosophila ananassae has been well demonstrated using F1individuals from crosses between marker stocks and wild type strains. However, the question of its occurrence in males from natural populations remained open. Here we present the cytological evidence that crossing over does occur in males of D. ananassae from two Brazilian populations, sampled nearly 21 years apart, and in two recently sampled populations, one from Indonesia and one from Okinawa, Japan. Cytological analysis of meiosis in males collected from nature and in sons of females from the same population inseminated in nature revealed the presence of chiasmata, inversion chiasmata, and isosite chromosome breakages in the diplotene cells in all sampled populations. These data demonstrate that reciprocal and nonreciprocal exchanges and chromosome breakages, previously reported as related events of male crossing over, do occur at variable frequencies among males from natural populations.
Performance of jack pine (Pinus banksiana) rooted cuttings from proliferated dwarf shoots versus seedlings 8 years after planting
Authors: Lu Pengxin , Bell Wayne , Charrette Paul , Thompson Megan 
Published: July 2012

Growth and tree form characteristics of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) rooted cuttings propagated from proliferated dwarf shoots (PDS) were compared with seedlings in two field trials 8 years after establishment. Results indicated that jack pine rooted cuttings from PDS can grow as well as seedlings and maintain acceptable tree form. Rooted cuttings of progeny from the 22 top-ranking open-pollinated families in a seedling seed orchard of jack pine were 4.2% taller and 10% larger in diameter at breast height than commercial seedlings tested on the same sites, which indicates that rooted cuttings have potential in realizing genetic gains in jack pine tree improvement programs. Rooted cuttings increased the proportion of trees with normal branching characteristics and reduced the percentage of trees with excessive heavy branches in the Sault St. Marie trial, which had larger tree sizes. However, longer term monitoring (20 to 25 years) is needed to determine stability of jack pine rooted cuttings planted on sandy soil where wind throw may become a problem as tree size increases.