bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Ballets Russes and the Parisian Avant-Garde
Authors: Nochlin Linda 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
“The Ballets Russes and the Parisian Avant-Garde” deals with the complex relationship between Diaghalev and the members of the Parisian avant-garde he commissioned to design sets and costumes for his productions after World War I. Despite their previous aesthetic radicalism, such artists as Gris and Derain were obliged to rein in their vanguard originality and produce work of surprising conservatism, at the urging of the impresario. Matisse attempted greater originality, but in an unsuccessful ballet. The only really avant-garde production sponsored by Diaghalev after the war was Parade, in which such luminaries as Picasso, Satie and Cocteau played a leading role. Yet ultimately, it was not Diaghalev but Rolf de Mare’s Ballet Suedois that created the most experimental productions involving dance: Relache and Entr’acte. Yet, in experimenting with new forms, de Mare, in effect, abandoned ballet for different forms of expression relying on cinematic techniques rather than classical dance.
The Enduring Relevance of Léonide Massine
Authors: Anderson Jack 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Once the most celebrated of 20th-century ballet choreographers, Léonide Massine (1895-1979) went out of fashion in the 1950’s for a variety of reasons. Now the time has come for renewed interest in this remarkably versatile choreographer who regarded ballet as an art capable of constant expansion in terms of themes, styles, and movement vocabulary. His ballets include works, both serious and comic, about the history and customs of such places as Spain (Le Tricorne), Venice (The Good-Humoured Ladies), and Paris (Gaîté Parisienne), collaborations with Cubists (e.g. Pablo Picasso) and Surrealists (e.g. Salvador Dalí), and choreographic interpretations, often allegorical, of great pieces of symphonic music. Many of these creations could still enrich company repertories today.
Retrieval of Cloud Properties Using CALIPSO Imaging Infrared Radiometer. Part I: Effective Emissivity and Optical Depth
Authors: Garnier Anne , Pelon Jacques , Dubuisson Philippe , Faivre Michaël , Chomette Olivier , Pascal Nicolas , Kratz David P. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe paper describes the operational analysis of the Imaging Infrared Radiometer (IIR) data, which have been collected in the framework of the Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) mission for the purpose of retrieving high-altitude (above 7 km) cloud effective emissivity and optical depth that can be used in synergy with the vertically resolved Cloud–Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) collocated observations. After an IIR scene classification is built under the CALIOP track, the analysis is applied to features detected by CALIOP when found alone in the atmospheric column or when CALIOP identifies an opaque layer underneath. The fast-calculation radiative transfer (FASRAD) model fed by ancillary meteorological and surface data is used to compute the different components involved in the effective emissivity retrievals under the CALIOP track. The track analysis is extended to the IIR swath using homogeneity criteria that are based on radiative equivalence. The effective optical depth at 12.05 μm is shown to be a good proxy for about one-half of the cloud optical depth, allowing direct comparisons with other databases in the visible spectrum. A step-by-step quantitative sensitivity and performance analysis is provided. The method is validated through comparisons of collocated IIR and CALIOP optical depths for elevated single-layered semitransparent cirrus clouds, showing excellent agreement (within 20%) for values ranging from 1 down to 0.05. Uncertainties have been determined from the identified error sources. The optical depth distribution of semitransparent clouds is found to have a nearly exponential shape with a mean value of about 0.5–0.6.
AMO- and ENSO-Driven Summertime Circulation and Precipitation Variations in North America
Authors: Hu Qi , Feng Song 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Interannual and multidecadal time-scale anomalies in sea surface temperatures (SST) of the North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans could result in persistent atmospheric circulation and regional precipitation anomalies for years to decades. Understanding the processes that connect such SST forcings with circulation and precipitation anomalies is thus important for understanding climate variations and for improving predictions at interannual–decadal time scales. This study focuses on the interrelationship between the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and their resulting interannual to multidecadal time-scale variations in summertime precipitation in North America. Major results show that the ENSO forcing can strongly modify the atmospheric circulation variations driven by the AMO. Moreover, these modifications differ considerably between the subtropics and the mid- and high-latitude regions. In the subtropics, ENSO-driven variations in precipitation are fairly uniform across longitudes so ENSO effects only add interannual variations to the amplitude of the precipitation anomaly pattern driven by the AMO. In the mid- and high latitudes, ENSO-forced waves in the atmosphere strongly modify the circulation anomalies driven by the AMO, resulting in distinctive interannual variations following the ENSO cycle. The role of the AMO is shown by an asymmetry in precipitation during ENSO between the warm and cold phases of the AMO. These results extend the outcomes of the studies of the recent Climate Variability and Predictability (CLIVAR) Drought Working Group from the AMO and ENSO effects on droughts to understanding of the mechanisms and causal processes connecting the individual and combined SST forcing of the AMO and ENSO with the interannual and multidecadal variations in summertime precipitation and droughts in North America.
Global Contraction of Antarctic Bottom Water between the 1980s and 2000s*
Authors: Purkey Sarah G. , Johnson Gregory C. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
A statistically significant reduction in Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) volume is quantified between the 1980s and 2000s within the Southern Ocean and along the bottom-most, southern branches of the meridional overturning circulation (MOC). AABW has warmed globally during that time, contributing roughly 10% of the recent total ocean heat uptake. This warming implies a global-scale contraction of AABW. Rates of change in AABW-related circulation are estimated in most of the world’s deep-ocean basins by finding average rates of volume loss or gain below cold, deep potential temperature (θ) surfaces using all available repeated hydrographic sections. The Southern Ocean is losing water below θ = 0°C at a rate of −8.2 (±2.6) × 106 m3 s−1. This bottom water contraction causes a descent of potential isotherms throughout much of the water column until a near-surface recovery, apparently through a southward surge of Circumpolar Deep Water from the north. To the north, smaller losses of bottom waters are seen along three of the four main northward outflow routes of AABW. Volume and heat budgets below deep, cold θ surfaces within the Brazil and Pacific basins are not in steady state. The observed changes in volume and heat of the coldest waters within these basins could be accounted for by small decreases to the volume transport or small increases to θ of their inflows, or fractional increases in deep mixing. The budget calculations and global contraction pattern are consistent with a global-scale slowdown of the bottom, southern limb of the MOC.
Usability of Best Track Data in Climate Statistics in the Western North Pacific
Authors: Barcikowska Monika , Feser Frauke , von Storch Hans 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Tropical cyclone (TC) activity for the last three decades shows strong discrepancies, deduced from different best track datasets (BTD) for the western North Pacific (WNP). This study analyzes the reliability of BTDs in deriving climate statistics for the WNP. Therefore, TC lifetime, operational parameters [current intensity (CI) number], and tracks are compared (for TCs identified concurrently) in BTD provided by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC), the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), and the China Meteorological Administration (CMA).
The differences between the BTD are caused by varying algorithms used in weather services to estimate TC intensity. Available methods for minimizing these discrepancies are not sufficient. Only if intensity categories 2–5 are considered as a whole, do trends for annually accumulated TC days show a similar behavior. The reasons for remaining discrepancies point to extensive and not regular usage of supplementary sources in JTWC. These are added to improve the accuracy of TC intensity and center position estimates. Track and CI differences among BTDs coincide with a strong increase in the number of intense TC days in JTWC. These differences are very strong in the period of intensive improvement of spatiotemporal satellite coverage (1987–99).
Scatterometer-based data used as a reference show that for the tropical storm phase JMA provides more reliable TC intensities than JTWC. Comparisons with aircraft observations indicate that not only homogeneity, but also a harmonization and refinement of operational rules controlling intensity estimations, should be implemented in all agencies providing BTD.
Testing the Limits
Authors: Latta Alex , Aguayo Beatriz E. Cid 
Published: March 2012

Chile’s impressive record of economic growth over the past 20 years has come with significant impacts on the environment. Though Chile’s postdictatorship governments have embraced a discourse of sustainable development and created new institutions to address environmental issues, ecological degradation has largely continued unchecked. The government of Michelle Bachelet promised a series of institutional and regulatory changes that would substantially renew and advance the state’s commitment to greening Chile’s development model. As did her predecessors, however, Bachelet governed in a milieu in which the ideology of neoliberal modernization and elite power resisted interference in the cycle of capital investment and accumulation. Two case studies, one concerning the salmon farming industry and the other hydroelectricity, reveal the ways in which apparently “green” intentions were transformed into institutional support for the continued unsustainable exploitation of Chile’s social and ecological capital. Los impresionantes logros chilenos en materia de crecimiento en los últimos 20 años han tenido un impacto sustancial en el medio ambiente. Aunque los gobiernos posteriores a la dictadura han adoptado un discurso de desarrollo sustentable y creado nuevas instituciones para atender asuntos ambientales, la degradación ecológica ha continuado sin control alguno. El gobierno de Michelle Bachelet prometió una serie de cambios institucionales y de regulación que habrían de renovar y avanzar sustancialmente el compromiso gubernamental con un modelo de desarrollo más sustentable. Pero, al igual que sus predecesores, Bachelet ha gobernado en un medio dentro del cual la ideología neoliberal de la modernización y las élites en el poder han resistido cualquier interferencia en el ciclo de acumulación e inversión del capital. Dos estudios de caso, uno relacionado con la industria de granjas de salmón y otro con la producción hidroeléctrica, revelan las formas en las que las supuestas intenciones “ambientalistas” se transformaron en formas de apoyo institucional para la continuada e insustentable explotación del capital social y ecológico chileno.
Conceptualizing the current clashes between modernist republicans and Islamic conservatives in Turkey
Authors: Kaya Ibrahim 
Published: March 2012

Resume This article aims to foster a deeper understanding of the current clashes between modernist republicans and Islamic conservatives in Turkey. Through an examination of the relation of conservatism to modernity, I argue that there exists a conservative goal of ‘overcoming modernity’, though in a paradoxical form, which is crucial for our comprehension of this conflict. Central here is the Islamic conservative resistance to the ‘cultural program of modernity’. Indubitably, it would be fallacious to impute to (neo-)conservatism an orientation that challenges modernity in toto. Indeed, one need only consider the economy and technology to see how far the modern has captured the conservative imagination. However, the culture of modernity is a different matter and this is the aspect I concentrate on here. After first examining the (old) conservative reaction against the great transformations of modernity, I consider the contention that Turkish society has recently become conservative, and end with an analysis of republican opposition to recent government acts.
Propolis alleviates 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced histological changes, oxidative stress and DNA damage in rat liver
Authors: Türkez Hasan , Geyikoğlu Fatime , Yousef Mokhtar I , Toğar Basak , Vançelik Serhat 
Published: March 2012

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo- p-dioxin (TCDD) induces hepatic damage. Propolis exhibits antioxidant properties and several studies suggest that supplementations with antioxidants can influence hepatotoxicity. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to explore the effectiveness of propolis in alleviating the toxicity of TCDD in the liver of rats. Animals were divided into six groups, namely, TCDD (0.75 and 8 µg/kg body weight (bw)), propolis (50 mg/kg bw), TCDD (0.75 and 8 µg) plus propolis (50 mg/kg bw), and control, respectively. Rats were intraperitoneally administered with their respective doses daily for 21 days. In rats that received a high dose of TCDD, the antioxidant enzymes were significantly decreased and the serious pathological findings were established. Also, the rate of hepatocyte micronucleus (HMN) was increased after treating with TCDD. The reactions of enzymes in control and low-dose group were weak. The frequencies of HMN and liver histology were similar to both the groups. The presence of propolis with TCDD alleviated its pathological effects in hepatic tissue. Propolis also prevented the suppression of antioxidant enzymes in the livers of animals exposed to TCDD and displayed a strong protective effect against HMN. It can be concluded that propolis has beneficial influences and was able to antagonize TCDD toxicity in the liver.
Comparison of regenerative braking technologies for heavy goods vehicles in urban environments
Authors: Midgley William JB , Cebon David 
Published: March 2012

One way to reduce the carbon dioxide emissions of heavy vehicles is to install regenerative braking systems. These capture the kinetic energy of the vehicle during braking and store it, in order to feed it back into the drivetrain during acceleration. It is not clear, however, which of the many available technologies should be used to implement this regenerative braking. This report explores the different possible energy capture and storage technologies for regenerative braking, including electrical, kinetic, hydraulic and compressed air. The basic systems are plotted on a selection chart, and an optimal selection methodology is used to aid in the selection of the lightest and smallest system for regenerative braking. The results of this comparison and selection show that hydraulic energy storage is likely to be 33% smaller and 20% lighter than the closest electrical counterparts and is therefore a logical selection for regenerative braking on the trailers of heavy goods vehicles.
Shared genetic factors may not explain the raised risk of comorbid inflammatory diseases in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Roshanisefat H , Bahmanyar S , Hillert J , Olsson T , Montgomery S 
Published: March 2012

Background: Comorbid inflammatory conditions in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients suggest shared risks with MS. Objective: To estimate if the risk of immune-mediated disease in MS patients and their parents is increased. Methods: Swedish register data were analysed using Cox regression to estimate immune-mediated disease risk among 11284 fathers and 12006 mothers of MS patients, compared with 123158 fathers and 129409 mothers of index subjects without MS. Similar analyses were conducted among 20276 index subjects with MS and 203951 without. Results: Parents of patients with MS did not have a significantly altered immune-mediated disease risk. Patients with MS had a consistently raised risk for several immune-mediated diseases: ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, type 1 diabetes, psoriasis, polyarthritis nodosa and pemphigoid. The risk was more pronounced for diseases diagnosed subsequent to MS onset. Conclusion: The increased occurrence of other immune-mediated diseases in MS patients may not be due to shared genetic factors and surveillance bias is likely to be the main or possibly the entire explanation. If not entirely explained by surveillance bias, a modestly raised occurrence of comorbid diseases may be due to shared environmental risks or factors related to MS disease characteristics.
Cognitive impairment is associated with reduced bone mass in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Batista Sonia , Teter Barbara , Sequeira Karen , Josyula Sowmya , Hoogs Marietta , Ramanathan Murali , Benedict Ralph HB , Weinstock-Guttman Bianca 
Published: March 2012

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) has been associated with reduced bone mineral density (BMD), yet the underlying causes are not fully known. The recent discovery that bone homeostasis is directly regulated by the brain led us to hypothesize that it may be impaired by MS pathology. As cognitive impairment (CI) is a well-documented correlate of MS-related brain pathology, we tested the hypothesis that it is associated with reduced BMD. Objective: We aimed to determine if CI is associated with reduced BMD in patients with MS. Methods: We retrospectively studied the medical records of 56 patients with MS, ≤50 years old, with Expanded Disability Status Scale score ≤4.5 and with dual X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) BMD measurement within 1 year of neuropsychological testing with a standard battery (MACFIMS). Results: In total, 23 (41.1%) MS patients had osteopenia or osteoporosis. Mean femur BMD was significantly lower in patients with MS with CI (0.89±0.12 g/cm2) compared with intact patients (0.99±0.17 g/cm2, p=0.009). In the cognitively impaired group, 59.3% had either osteopenia or osteoporosis, compared with 24.1% in the non-cognitively impaired group (odds ratio=4.57, p=0.008). Conclusion: CI is associated with reduced BMD in patients with MS, suggesting that central mechanisms involved in bone homeostasis may be directly impaired by MS-related inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes.
Influence of diabetes on efficacy of aliskiren, losartan or both on left ventricular mass regression
Authors: Vardeny Orly , Pouleur Anne-Catherine , Takeuchi Madoka , Appelbaum Evan , Verma Anil , Prescott Margaret , Smith Beverly , Dahlof Bjorn , Solomon Scott D ,   (for the ALLAY Investigators)
Published: March 2012

Hypothesis/Introduction: We investigated whether diabetes modified the effectiveness of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibition on left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) regression in hypertensive patients in the Aliskiren in Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (ALLAY) trial. Materials and methods: Participants ( n=465) with LVH and a BMI > 25 kg/m2 were randomized to aliskiren 300mg, losartan 100mg or both daily for 36 weeks, and LVH regression was assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Renin concentration, plasma renin activity and aldosterone were assessed in a subset of patients. Results: Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) ( n=111, 24%) were older (61±9 vs. 58±11 years, p=0.03), had higher BMI (32.2±4.2 vs. 30.7 ± 4 kg/m2, p=0.004), higher systolic blood pressure (148±14 vs. 145±14mmHg, p=0.03) and lower eGFR (79±16 vs. 84±16ml/min, p=0.03) at baseline. Combination therapy with aliskiren plus losartan was associated with greater LVH reduction than losartan alone in patients with DM ( p=0.01), but not in patients without DM ( p=0.91; unadjusted interaction p=0.06; adjusted p = 0.038). In a subset of 138 participants, plasma aldosterone was reduced to a greater extent in patients with DM ( p-interaction = 0.004). Conclusions: Patients with DM and LVH may derive differential benefit with dual RAAS inhibition with a combination of aliskiren and losartan compared with losartan alone with respect to LVH reduction. Whether these findings will result in improved outcomes will be further explored in larger studies.
Concomitant inactivation of Rb and E2f8 in hematopoietic stem cells synergizes to induce severe anemia
Authors: Hu Tinghui , Ghazaryan Seda , Sy Chandler , Wiedmeyer Charles , Chang Victor , Wu Lizhao 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe retinoblastoma (Rb) tumor suppressor plays important roles in regulating hematopoiesis, particularly erythropoiesis. In an effort to understand whether Rb function can be mediated by E2F transcription factors in a BM-derived hematopoietic system in mice, we uncovered a functional synergy between Rb and E2F8 to promote erythropoiesis and to prevent anemia. Specifically, whereas Mx1-Cre–mediated inactivation of Rb or E2f8 in hematopoietic stem cells only led to mild erythropoietic defects, concomitant inactivation of both genes resulted in marked ineffective erythropoiesis and mild hemolysis, leading to severe anemia despite the presence of enhanced extramedullary erythropoiesis. Interestingly, although ineffective erythropoiesis was already present in the RbΔ/Δ mice and exacerbated in the RbΔ/Δ;E2f8Δ/Δ mice, hemolysis was exclusively manifested in the double-knockout mice. Using an adoptive transfer system and an erythroid-specific knockout system, we have shown that the synergy of Rb and E2f8 deficiency in triggering severe anemia is intrinsic to the erythroid lineage. Surprisingly, concomitant inactivation of Rb and E2f7, a close family member of E2f8, did not substantially worsen the erythropoietic defect resulted from Rb deficiency. The results of the present study reveal the specificity of E2F8 in mediating Rb function in erythropoiesis and suggest critical and overlapping roles of Rb and E2f8 in maintaining normal erythropoiesis and in preventing hemolysis.
Factors associated with delayed diagnosis of tuberculosis in hospitalized patients in a high TB and HIV burden setting: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Rossato Silva Denise , Müller Alice Mânica , de Tarso Roth Dalcin Paulo 
Published: March 2012

Abstract

Background
The most essential components of TB control are early diagnosis and adequate treatment. Delay in the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis may result in more extensive disease and more complications, increase severity of the disease and is associated with higher risk of mortality. The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with delayed diagnosis of TB in hospitalized patients.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study in a general, tertiary care, university-affiliated hospital. Adult patients with TB that were hospitalized were identified retrospectively, and risk factors for delayed diagnosis were collected.

Results
The median delay until diagnosis was 6 days (IQR: 2-12 days). One hundred and sixty six (54.4%) patients were diagnosed ≤ 6 days, and 139 (45.6%) > 6 days after admission. The main factors associated with diagnostic delay (> 6 days) were extra-pulmonary TB and negative sputum smear.

Conclusions
Although hospitalization permits a rapid management of the patient and favors a faster diagnosis, we found an unacceptable time delay before the diagnosis of pulmonary TB was made. Future studies should focus on attempt to explain the reasons of diagnostic retard in the patients with the characteristics related to delay in this study.