bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of Apnea and Bradycardia Resolution in Premature Infants
Authors: Lorch Scott A. , Srinivasan Lakshmi , Escobar Gabriel J. 
Published: July 2011

BACKGROUND:There is little epidemiologic evidence to assess the maturation of respiratory control in premature infants.OBJECTIVE:To measure the success rate or the percentage of infants who have no additional events of various apnea- or bradycardia-free intervals after correcting for gestational age, postmenstrual age of the last apnea or bradycardia event, and the severity of the event.METHODS:This was a retrospective cohort study of infants born at 34 weeks' gestational age or earlier at 1 of 5 Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program hospitals between 1998 and 2001. The success rates of various apnea- or bradycardia-free intervals were calculated after stratifying according to gestational age, postmenstrual age of the last event, or event severity.RESULTS:Among the 1403 infants identified in this study, 84.2% did not have an apnea event and 78.5% did not have a bradycardia event after they were otherwise ready for discharge. For the entire cohort, a 95% success rate was statistically reached, with a 7-day apnea- or bradycardia-free interval. Infants with a gestational age of 30 weeks or less had a 5% to 15% lower success rate than infants with a gestational age more than 30 weeks for any given apnea- or bradycardia-free interval. The success rate was reduced by an additional 5% to 10% if the last apnea or bradycardia event occurred at a postmenstrual age of more than 36 weeks. Including only the most severe events slightly improved the success rate of a given interval.CONCLUSIONS:The risk of recurrence for apnea or bradycardia differs depending on the gestational age of the infant and the postmenstrual age of the last apnea or bradycardia event.
Room-Air Versus Oxygen Administration for Resuscitation of Preterm Infants: The ROAR Study
Authors: Rabi Yacov , Singhal Nalini , Nettel-Aguirre Alberto 
Published: July 2011

OBJECTIVE:We conducted a blinded, prospective, randomized control trial to determine which oxygen-titration strategy was most effective at achieving and maintaining oxygen saturations of 85% to 92% during delivery-room resuscitation.METHODS:Infants born at 32 weeks' gestation or less were resuscitated either with a static concentration of 100% oxygen (high-oxygen group) or using an oxygen-titration strategy starting from a concentration of 100% (moderate-oxygen group), or 21% oxygen (low-oxygen group). In the moderate- and low-oxygen groups, the oxygen concentration was adjusted by 20% every 15 seconds to reach a target oxygen saturation range of 85% to 92%. Treatment failure was defined as a heart rate slower than 100 beats per minute for longer than 30 seconds.RESULTS:The moderate-oxygen group spent a greater proportion of time in the target oxygen saturation range (mean: 0.21 [95% confidence interval: 0.16–0.26]) than the high-oxygen group (mean: 0.11 [95% confidence interval: 0.09–0.14]). Infants in the low-oxygen group were 8 times more likely to meet the criteria for treatment failure than those in the high-oxygen group (24% vs 3%; P = .022). The 3 groups did not differ significantly in the time to reach the target oxygen saturation range.CONCLUSIONS:Titrating from an initial oxygen concentration of 100% was more effective than giving a static concentration of 100% oxygen in maintaining preterm infants in a target oxygen saturation range. Initiating resuscitation with 21% oxygen resulted in a high treatment-failure rate.
Sensitivity to Secondhand Smoke Exposure Predicts Future Smoking Susceptibility
Authors: Lessov-Schlaggar Christina N. , Wahlgren Dennis R. , Liles Sandy , Ji Ming , Hughes Suzanne C. , Winickoff Jonathan P. , Jones Jennifer A. , Swan Gary E. , Hovell Melbourne F. 
Published: July 2011

OBJECTIVE:
Susceptibility to cigarette smoking in tobacco-naive youth is a strong predictor of smoking initiation. Identifying mechanisms that contribute to smoking susceptibility provide information about early targets for smoking prevention. This study investigated whether sensitivity to secondhand smoke exposure (SHSe) contributes to smoking susceptibility.

PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS:
Subjects were high-risk, ethnically diverse 8- to 13-year-old subjects who never smoked and who lived with at least 1 smoker and who participated in a longitudinal SHSe reduction intervention trial. Reactions (eg, feeling dizzy) to SHSe were assessed at baseline, and smoking susceptibility was assessed at baseline and 3 follow-up measurements over 12 months. We examined the SHSe reaction factor structure, association with demographic characteristics, and prediction of longitudinal smoking susceptibility status.

RESULTS:
Factor analysis identified “physically unpleasant” and “pleasant” reaction factors. Reported SHSe reactions did not differ across gender or family smoking history. More black preteens reported feeling relaxed and calm, and fewer reported feeling a head rush or buzz compared with non-Hispanic white and Hispanic white counterparts. Longitudinally, 8.5% of subjects tracked along the trajectory for high (versus low) smoking susceptibility. Reporting SHSe as “unpleasant or gross” predicted a 78% reduction in the probability of being assigned to the high–smoking susceptibility trajectory (odds ratio: 0.22 [95% confidence interval: 0.05–0.95]), after covariate adjustment.

CONCLUSIONS:
Assessment of SHSe sensitivity is a novel approach to the study of cigarette initiation etiology and informs prevention interventions.
Mercury Content of Blood Transfusions for Infants With Extremely Low Birth Weight
Authors: Elabiad Mohamad T. , Hook Rebecca E. 
Published: July 2011

OBJECTIVES:To assess whether blood transfusions for infants with birth weights of 1000 g or less are a source of mercury and whether any mercury delivered through the transfusion is above the currently set oral reference dose.PATIENTS AND METHODS:We studied an observational cohort. Inclusion criteria included birth weight 1000 g or less and receipt of 1 or more packed red blood cell transfusions. Packed red blood cell units were tested prospectively for mercury levels. The quantity of transfused mercury was calculated on the basis of transfused volume and packed red blood cell mercury level. The resulting mercury level was compared with the reference dose as set by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, the World Health Organization, and the US Environmental Protection Agency.RESULTS:Thirty-seven infants (birth weight: 736 ± 157 g; gestational age: 25.5 ± 1.5 weeks) met the inclusion criteria. A total of 325 transfusions from 49 packed red blood cell units were administered. Mercury was detected in 40 units. The average mercury level in a packed red blood cell unit was 1.9 ± 2.6 μg/L (median: 0.9 μg/L [interquartile range: 0.3–2.5]). None of the infants received any mercury above the reference dose set by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry and the World Health Organization. Twelve infants received 1 transfusion, and 5 infants received 2 transfusions above the Environmental Protection Agency reference dose during their entire hospitalization.CONCLUSIONS:Packed red blood cells are a source of mercury for infants. However, the amount delivered is low compared with currently set safety levels. The episodes in which mercury intake exceeded the reference dose were rare. However, without long-term follow-up, no conclusions can be made about the cognitive implications of these episodes.
Sagittal Sinus Compression Is Associated With Neonatal Cerebral Sinovenous Thrombosis
Authors: Tan Marilyn , deVeber Gabrielle , Shroff Manohar , Moharir Mahendra , Pontigon Anne-Marie , Widjaja Elisa , Kirton Adam 
Published: July 2011

OBJECTIVE :Neonatal cerebral sinovenous thrombosis (CSVT) causes lifelong morbidity. Newborns frequently incur positional occipital bone compression of the superior sagittal sinus (SSS). We hypothesized that SSS compression is associated with neonatal CSVT.METHODS:Our retrospective case-control study recruited neonates with CSVT (SickKids Children's Stroke Program, January 1992–December 2006). Controls were neonates without CSVT undergoing magnetic resonance or computed tomography venography (institutional imaging database, 2002–2005) who were matched 2 per each case patient. Blinded neuroimaging review by 2 experts quantified SSS compression and head position. Effect of SSS compression on the primary outcome of CSVT was determined (logistic regression). Secondary analyses included the relationship of head position to SSS compression (t test) and group comparisons (cases versus controls, cases with and without compression) for demographic, clinical, and CSVT factors (χ2 and Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney tests).RESULTS:Case (n = 55) and control (n = 90) patients had similar ages and delivery modes. SSS compression was common (cases: 43%; controls: 41%). Controlling for gender and head position, SSS compression was associated with CSVT (odds ratio: 2.5 [95% confidence interval: 1.07–5.67]). Compression was associated with greater mean (SD) angle toward head flexion (101.2 [15.0] vs 111.5 [9.7]; P &lt; .001). Among CSVT cases, neonates with and without compression had comparable gestational age, delivery mode, risk factors, anticoagulation treatment, thrombus location, propagation, infarction, recanalization, and outcome. Many idiopathic cases had SSS compression (79%). Interrater reliability of compression measurements was high (κ = 0.87).CONCLUSIONS:Neonatal SSS compression is common, quantifiable, and associated with CSVT. Optimizing head position and/or developing devices to alleviate mechanical SSS compression may represent a novel means to improve outcomes.
Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Neurobehavioral Disorders Among Children in the United States
Authors: Kabir Zubair , Connolly Gregory N. , Alpert Hillel R. 
Published: July 2011

OBJECTIVES:The association between parent-reported postnatal secondhand tobacco smoke exposure in the home and neurobehavioral disorders (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, learning disabilities, and conduct disorders) among children younger than 12 years in the United States was examined using the 2007 National Survey on Children's Health. Excess neurobehavioral disorders attributable to secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure in the home in 2007 were further investigated.METHODS:The methods used in this study were multivariable logistic regression models that accounted for potential confounders and complex survey designs to evaluate associations.RESULTS:A total of 6% of 55 358 children (aged &lt; 12 years), corresponding to a weighted total of 4.8 million children across the United States, were exposed to SHS in the home. The weighted prevalence and 95% confidence intervals of each of the children's neurobehavioral outcomes were 8.2% (7.5–8.8) with learning disabilities, 5.9% (5.5–6.4) with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and 3.6% (3.1–4.0) with behavioral and conduct disorders. Children exposed to SHS at home had a 50% increased odds of having ≥2 childhood neurobehavioral disorders compared with children who were not exposed to SHS. Boys had a significantly higher risk. Older children, especially those aged 9 to 11 years, and those living in households with the highest poverty levels were at greater risk. In absolute terms, 274 100 excess cases in total of these 3 disorders could have been prevented if children had not been exposed to SHS in their homes.CONCLUSIONS:The findings of the study, which are associational and not necessarily causal, underscore the health burden of childhood neurobehavioral disorders that may be attributable to SHS exposure in homes in the United States.
Management of Pediatric Chest Pain Using a Standardized Assessment and Management Plan
Authors: Friedman Kevin G. , Kane David A. , Rathod Rahul H. , Renaud Ashley , Farias Michael , Geggel Robert , Fulton David R. , Lock James E. , Saleeb Susan F. 
Published: July 2011

OBJECTIVES:Chest pain is a common reason for referral to pediatric cardiologists and often leads to an extensive cardiac evaluation. The objective of this study is to describe current management practices in the assessment of pediatric chest pain and to determine whether a standardized care approach could reduce unnecessary testing.PATIENTS AND METHODS:We reviewed all patients, aged 7 to 21 years, presenting to our outpatient pediatric cardiology division in 2009 for evaluation of chest pain. Demographics, clinical characteristics, patient outcomes, and resource use were analyzed.RESULTS:Testing included electrocardiography (ECG) in all 406 patients, echocardiography in 175 (43%), exercise stress testing in 114 (28%), event monitoring in 40 (10%), and Holter monitoring in 30 (7%). A total of 44 (11%) patients had a clinically significant medical or family history, an abnormal cardiac examination, and/or an abnormal ECG. Exertional chest pain was present in 150 (37%) patients. In the entire cohort, a cardiac etiology for chest pain was found in only 5 of 406 (1.2%) patients. Two patients had pericarditits, and 3 had arrhythmias. We developed an algorithm using pertinent history, physical examination, and ECG findings to suggest when additional testing is indicated. Applying the algorithm to this cohort could lead to an ∼20% reduction in echocardiogram and outpatient rhythm monitor use and elimination of exercise stress testing while still capturing all cardiac diagnoses.CONCLUSIONS:Evaluation of pediatric chest pain is often extensive and rarely yields a cardiac etiology. Practice variation and unnecessary resource use remain concerns. Targeted testing can reduce resource use and lead to more cost-effective care.
Histologic Comparison of Healing After Tooth Extraction With Ridge Preservation Using Mineralized Versus Demineralized Freeze‐Dried Bone Allograft
Authors: Wood Robert A. , Mealey Brian L. 
Published: July 2011

Background: Allografts, such as demineralized freeze‐dried bone allograft (DFDBA) and mineralized freeze‐dried bone allograft (FDBA) are commonly used by clinicians for ridge preservation procedures. The primary objective of this study is to histologically evaluate and compare the healing of non‐molar extraction sockets grafted with DFDBA versus FDBA for ridge preservation. The secondary aim of this study is to compare dimensional changes in ridge height and width after grafting with these two materials.Materials: Forty patients were randomly divided into two groups of 20. Extraction sockets were filled with either FDBA or DFDBA. To minimize variables associated with the organ donor and with tissue processing, all of the graft material was procured from a single donor; the only difference in the two materials was the percentage mineralization of the final bone graft. A 2‐mm‐diameter core biopsy was taken from each grafted site ≈19 weeks after grafting. Histomorphometric analysis was performed to determine percentage of vital bone, residual graft particles, and connective tissue (CT)/other non‐bone components.Results: There were no significant differences when comparing changes in alveolar ridge dimensions of the two groups. There was no significant difference in percentage CT/other between groups. DFDBA had a significantly greater percentage of vital bone at 38.42% versus FDBA at 24.63%. The DFDBA group also had a significantly lower mean percentage of residual graft particles at 8.88% compared to FDBA at 25.42%.Conclusion: This study provides the first histologic and clinical evidence directly comparing ridge preservation with DFDBA versus FDBA in humans and demonstrates significantly greater new bone formation with DFDBA.
Participatory water resources planning and management in an Agriculturally Intensive Watershed in Quebec, Canada using Stakeholder Built System Dynamics Models
Authors: Adamowski Jan , Halbe Johannes 
Published: July 2011

Participatory water resources planning and management in an Agriculturally Intensive Watershed in Quebec, Canada using Stakeholder Built System Dynamics Models
The participation of stakeholders is an important component in integrated and adaptive watershed planning and management. In Quebec, Canada watershed organizations are in the process of implementing participatory based watershed planning and management schemes. However, there is a lack of simple and readily implementable frameworks and methods to explicitly involve stakeholders, as well as integrate physical and social processes, in watershed planning and management in Quebec. This paper describes the application of the first three stages of a newly proposed five stage stepwise Participatory Model Building framework that was developed to help facilitate the participatory investigation of problems in watershed planning and management through the use of qualitative system dynamics models. In the agriculturally intensive Du Chene watershed in Quebec, eight individual stakeholder interviews were conducted in cooperation with the local watershed organization to develop qualitative system dynamics models that represent the main physical and social processes in the Du Chene watershed. The proposed Participatory Model Building framework was found to be accessible for all the interviewees, and was deemed to be very useful by the watershed organization to develop an overview of the different perspectives of the main stakeholders in the watershed, as well as to help develop watershed policies and strategies. The individual qualitative system dynamics models developed in this study can subsequently be converted into an overall group built system dynamics model (describing the socio-economic-political components of the watershed), which in turn can be quantified and coupled with a physically based model such as HEC-HMS or SWAT (describing the physical components of the watershed).
A new variety of Habenaria (Orchidaceae, Habenariinae) from French Polynesia
Authors: Margońska Hanna 
Published: July 2011

A new variety of Habenaria (Orchidaceae, Habenariinae) from French Polynesia
A new variety of Habenaria tahitensis (Orchidaceae, Habenariinae) from Tahiti and the Marquesas Islands (French Polynesia) is described, illustrated and compared to its closest relatives.
Seed germination in sedges: a short review
Authors: Żukowski Waldemar , Bogdanowicz Agnieszka , Lembicz Marlena 
Published: July 2011

Seed germination in sedges: a short review
Five patterns of seed germination in the sedges of the genus Carex are presented, based on the literature data and the results of the authors' own research. They include the pattern of C. acutiformis, C. arenaria, C. remota, C. flava and C. communis. These patterns were constructed on the basis of seed specific requirements for development, such as stratification, temperature, dormancy and time of germination. Majority of sedges follow the pattern of C. acutiformis or C. remota. In both cases, stratification and either high or low temperature are essential for seed germination. Seeds that start to germinate early (C. remota pattern) are characterized by the absence of the distinct peaks of germination, as opposed to the C. acutiformis pattern with the germination peak in March. Our long-term investigations, conducted on the group of individuals in controlled conditions, revealed significant differences in seed size and the ability of seeds to germinate depending on the age of mother plants. We postulate that mother plant age is a new factor that should be considered in the construction of seed germination patterns.
Alien vascular plants in the Silesian Upland of Poland: distribution, patterns, impacts and threats
Authors: Tokarska-Guzik Barbara , Węgrzynek Beata , Urbisz Alina , Urbisz Andrzej , Nowak Teresa , Bzdęga Katarzyna 
Published: July 2011

Alien vascular plants in the Silesian Upland of Poland: distribution, patterns, impacts and threats
Symptoms of anthropogenic changes in the flora include processes of extinction in some species and spread in others. These tendencies have increased in magnitude in recent centuries, adversely affecting natural biodiversity on a regional, national and continental scale. The main idea behind the project presented here was to investigate the diversity of the alien vascular flora at the regional scale and to update the list of invasive alien species for the Silesian Upland. The aim of this study is also to provide a synthesis of the knowledge accumulated to date on the conditions for their occurrence, their distribution patterns and the possible threat they might pose. The distribution of particular species at the regional scale was investigated by mapping the species on a 2 km x 2 km grid. The study showed that the list of alien plant species for the Silesian Upland encompasses 338 species, including 125 archaeophytes, 195 kenophytes (=neophytes) and 18 species of an uncertain status in the Polish flora. A threat evaluation was performed for particular species on the basis of the number of localities, the diversity of preferred habitats recorded, and their current (over the last decade) tendency to colonise new localities. As a result, a final list of 101 invasive species has been selected. Among the alien plant species considered to be invasive in the area of the Silesian Upland, 20 species are identified as ‘weeds’ (13 archaeophytes and 7 kenophytes), another 25 (exclusively kenophytes), penetrating into natural habitats, are defined as ‘transformers’
Distribution patterns, history, and dynamics of peatland vascular plants in Pomerania (NW Poland)
Authors: Sotek Zofia 
Published: July 2011

Distribution patterns, history, and dynamics of peatland vascular plants in Pomerania (NW Poland)
Pomerania is rich in various peatlands (fens, transitional bogs, raised bogs, spring-water mires, etc.), which support many rare and threatened plant species. This study was aimed: (1) to determine the phytogeographic diversity of Pomeranian peatland vascular plants associated with the classes Oxycocco-Sphagnetea and Scheuchzerio-Caricetea nigrae; (2) to attempt a reconstruction of the history of their postglacial migrations; and (3) to assess the dynamic trends of selected species. A database of records of 83 Pomeranian peatland plants was created, and cartograms of their distribution in Pomerania were made. Each taxon was briefly described, considering its distribution, phytocoenotic spectrum, and biological properties (e.g. pollination mode, diaspores dispersal). The phytogeographic analysis took into account geographic and directional elements, as well as mountain species found in Pomeranian peatlands. The plants' potential for colonization of new sites was assessed on the basis of Raunkiaer's life forms, modes of pollination and seed dispersal, and types of life strategies. As a result of numerical analysis and visual comparison of cartograms, 5 regional distributional types were distinguished: western, northern, eastern, all-Pomeranian, and disjunct. Within the eastern and all-Pomeranian types, which showed internal variation, several subtypes were distinguished. Most of the considered climatic variables (growing season length, temperature, and precipitation variables) were found to affect significantly the floristic variation of Pomeranian peatlands. The available palaeobotanical, palaeoclimatic, palaeoecological, and phytogeographic data, as well as original field research on the distribution of the taxa, allowed the formulation of hypotheses on the time and directions of their migration into Pomerania. Moreover, dynamic trends of selected species are analysed, and the decline of many peatland plant species in Pomerania is discussed.