bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of protein biomarker panel in peripheral blood leukocytes of juvenile and adult C57BL/6 mice up to seven days post-exposure for machine learning-based radiation biodosimetry
Authors: Nemzow Leah , Phillippi Michelle A. , Kanagaraj Karthik , Shuryak Igor , Taveras Maria , Wu Xuefeng , Turner Helen C. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Following a large-scale radiological event, timely collection of samples from all potentially exposed individuals may be precluded, and high-throughput bioassays capable of rapid and individualized dose assessment several days post-exposure will be essential for population triage and efficient implementation of medical treatment. The objective of this work was to validate the performance of a biomarker panel of radiosensitive intracellular leukocyte proteins (ACTN1, DDB2, and FDXR) and blood cell counts (CD19 + B cells and CD3 + T-cells) for retrospective classification of exposure and dose estimation up to 7 days post-exposure in an in vivo C57BL/6 mouse model. Juvenile and adult C57BL/6 mice of both sexes were total body irradiated with 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 Gy, peripheral blood was collected 1, 4, and 7-days post-exposure, and individual blood biomarkers were quantified by Imaging Flow Cytometry. An ensemble machine learning platform was used to identify the strongest predictor variables and combine them for biodosimetry outputs. This approach generated successful exposure classification (ROC AUC = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.90–0.97) and quantitative dose reconstruction (R2 = 0.79, RMSE = 0.68 Gy, MAE = 0.53 Gy), supporting the potential utility of the proposed biomarker assay for determining exposure and received dose in an individual.
Numerical and analysis effects of rectangular prism rough beds on hydraulic jumps in open channels
Authors: Trinh Cong Ty , Tran Cong Trieu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

A hydraulic jump is a highly turbulent flow that causes significant turbulence and generates efficiency energy loss in the open channel. This research used the Flow-3D model, which combines the renormalization group RNG k-ε turbulent model and the volume of fluid (VOF) method, to investigate the hydraulic jump characteristics on rectangular prism rough beds. The results indicated that the rough beds had positively affected the hydraulic jumps. Specifically, the conjugate depth and jump length are reduced by about 17% and 50%, respectively, compared to the classical jump. In addition, the vorticity production rates are also used to clearly explain energy dissipation, which shows that the rough bed configuration significantly influences the hydraulic jump length. The results clarify the relationship between the hydraulic jump characteristics and the rough bed types studied. Moreover, this research provides valuable guidelines for choosing the geometrical features of the rough bed when designing or repairing the stilling basin for irrigation works and highway sewers downstream.
Delicate and thin fibrous septa indicate a regression tendency in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis patients with advanced fibrosis
Authors: Tong Xiaofei , Sun Yameng , Wang Qianyi , Zhao Xinyan , Chen Wei , Zhang Mengyang , Ren Yayun , Zhao Xinyu , Wu Xiaoning , Zhao Jingjie , Sun Chenglin , Zheng Minghua , Ou Xiaojuan , Jia Jidong , You Hong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims:
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH)-related fibrosis is reversible. However, the dynamic morphology change in fibrosis regression remains unclear. We aim to explore the morphological characteristics of fibrosis regression in advanced MASH patients.
Methods
Clinical and histological data of 79 biopsy-proved MASH patients with advanced fibrosis (F3-F4) were reviewed. The second harmonic generation/two-photon excitation fluorescence (SHG/TPEF) image technology was used to quantitively identify the R (regressive) septa from P (progressive) septa and PS (perisinusoidal) fibrosis. Non-invasive tests were used to compare the fibrosis level of the with and without R septa groups. Transcriptomics was used to explore hub genes and the underlying mechanism of the formation of R septa.
Results
The R septa were different from the P septa and PS fibrosis in detail collagen quantitation identified by SHG/TPEF technology. The R septa were found in MASH fibrosis-regressed patients, which met the definition of the “Beijing classification”. Therefore, patients were divided into two groups according to septa morphology: with R septa (n = 10, 12.7%), and without R septa (n = 69, 87.3%). Patients with R septa had lower values in most non-invasive tests, especially for liver stiffness (12.3 vs. 19.4 kPa, p = 0.010), and FAST (FibroScan®-AST) score (0.43 vs. 0.70, p = 0.003). Transcriptomics analysis showed the expression of five hub fibrogenic genes including Col3A1, BGN, Col4A1, THBS2 and Col4A2 in the with R septa group were significantly lower.
Conclusions
The R septa can be differentiated from the P septa and PS fibrosis by quantitative assessment of SHG/TPEF, and it represents a tendency of fibrosis regression in MASH patients.
Deep Learning Techniques for Forecasting Emergency Department Patient Wait Times in Healthcare Queue Systems
Authors: Mishra R. K. , Sharma Geetanjali 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

A lot of hospitals make use of the duration of patients' stays in queue as a gauge for overcrowding in the emergency room (ER). Many emergency rooms have lengthy wait times, which make it more challenging to provide patients with appropriate care and increases overall expenses. In queuing system applications, Innovative techniques like machine learning and deep learning (DL) have become crucial. In order to forecast Waiting periods for patients in a system, this research will use deep learning techniques for historical queuing variables, either in addition to or instead of queuing theory .SGD, Adam, RMSprop, and AdaGrad were the four optimization algorithms that were applied. To determine which model has the minimum absolute mean error (MAE), there was an algorithmic comparison. To facilitate more comparisons, a traditional mathematical simulation was utilized.. The findings demonstrated that the DL model may be used to estimate patients' waiting times utilizing the SGD algorithm, with the lowest MAE of 09.60 minutes (23% reduction of errors) activated. In order to better priorities patients in a queue, this study contributes theoretically to the field of patient waiting time prediction using alternative methodologies by establishing the highest performing model. This study also makes a useful addition by utilizing actual data from emergency rooms. In addition, we suggested models that, compared to a conventional mathematical approach, produced more accurate predictions of patients' waiting times. Our method can be readily applied to the healthcare sector's queue system by utilizing data from electronic health records (EHRs). Since over 40% of people who are admitted to hospitals do so through the emergency rooms (ER), most hospitals suffer from extreme patient overcrowding. Since most ER departments in hospitals have lengthy patient wait times, they are an important component of healthcare facilities.
Utility of the Oxygenation Index in Management of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia – a Report From a Thai University Surgical Centre
Authors: Kulngamnetr Issariyaporn , Pongmee Paruhad , Losty Paul D , Aeesoa Suraida , Boonthai Ampaipan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background :
Oxygenation index (OI) is associated with severity of newborn pulmonary hypertension (PH) in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Higher OI may indicate worst degree(s) of PH.
Objectives :
This study reports OI dynamic(s) over the first 72 hours of life and its correlation with (i) perioperative morbidity and (ii) CDH mortality.
Methods:
Medical records of inborn CDH babies during 2002-2022 were examined. OI on Days (s) 1-3 and perioperative OI trends were recorded. Operation (primary vs patch repair) and survival rates (%) were studied.
Results:
55 CDH newborns (54.5% male : 45.5% female) - mean birth GA 37.5±2.7 wks. had a mean birth weight 2813 ±684 g with prenatal diagnosis in 32.7% cases. 52/55 (94.5%) were intubated at birth and HFOV deployed in 29 (55.8%). Those requiring HFOV had higher OI on DOL1 (24.8± 17 vs 10.3±11.5; p< 0.05), DOL 2 (26.3± 22.9 vs 6.7±12.1; p < 0.05) and DOL 3 (21.9± 33.8 vs 5.5±9.3; p =0.04). Operation was undertaken in 36/55 (65.5%). Preoperative mortality group had significant higher OI on DOL 2 (42.1 ±21.0 vs 14.9±9.3; p =0.04). CDH defects were - Type A N=27 (75%), Type B N=7 (19.4%) and Type C N= 2 (5.6%). Overall mortality was 40% (22/55). Statistically significant OI trends were recorded in Non-Survival vs. Survival Groups on DOL 1 (31.6 ±16.8. vs 10.5±9.0; p <0.05, DOL 2 (38.1 ±21.9 vs 6.3±7.1; p <0.05), and DOL 3 (38.8 ±39.4; p=0.012)
Conclusions:
OI dynamics are highly predictive for accurate monitoring of CDH cardiorespiratory physiology and crucially may guide ventilatory management as well as timing of surgery.
Unraveling hepatic consequences of intrauterine growth restriction and catch- up growth: Insights from histological, biochemical, and metabolomic analysis in rats
Authors: Eşrefoğlu Mukaddes , Selek Sahabettin , Koktasoglu Fatmanur , Bayindir Nihan , Hekimoglu Emine-Rumeysa , Kirmizikan Seda , Karakaya-Cimen Fatma-Bedia , Dulun-Agac Halime , Alim Mehtap , Elibol Birsen , Pasin Ozge , Bekiroglu Somer 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is increasingly recognized as a significant risk factor for metabolic disorders in adulthood. Employing a multi-faceted approach encompassing histopathological, immunohistochemical, biochemical, Western-blotting, and metabolomics analyses, the study aimed to elucidate potential metabolite markers of IUGR, and catch-up growth-related metabolic disturbances and the underlying metabolic pathways implicated in IUGR pathogenesis. This study cohort comprised 54 male siblings from 20 Sprague-Dawley female young rats. On the 19th day of gestation, half of the pregnant rats underwent bilateral uterine artery ligation, while the remaining half underwent a simulated surgical intervention involving solely peritoneal incisions. Blood and liver samples were collected from the pups after attaining catch-up growth at the postnatal weeks 2, 4, and 8.
IUGR rats exhibited a spectrum of changes including histological abnormalities, altered apoptosis rates, oxidative stress markers, and mitochondrial energy metabolism. Metabolomic analysis revealed dysregulation, in multiple metabolic pathways encompassing galactose, propanoate, glycerolipid, cysteine, methionine, and tyrosine metabolism, among others. Notably, disturbances were observed in butanoate, glutathione metabolism, valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis and degradation, citrate cycle, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, as well as glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. Our metabolomics analysis provides insights into the potential disease susceptibility of individuals born with IUGR, including obesity, diabetes, heart failure, cancer, mental retardation, kidney and liver diseases, and cataracts. These findings underscore the intricate interplay between intrauterine conditions and long-term metabolic health outcomes, highlighting the need for further investigation into preventive and therapeutic strategies aimed at mitigating the risk of metabolic diseases in individuals with a history of IUGR.
Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Adverse Reactions to Chinese Bacille Calmette- Guérin (BCG) Vaccine: A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Huang Shaomei , Chen Zhan , Guo Huilian , Zheng Shengkun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background: Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is widely used and considered to be the safest vaccine for preventing tuberculosis (TB). However, there are potential complications associated with BCG vaccination, such as adverse reactions at the injection site, regional lymphadenitis and disseminated BCG. Currently, there is limited research on the management of adverse reactions specifically related to the Chinese BCG vaccine. This article presents a detailed description of the clinical features, management strategies, and outcomes of BCG complications at a large TB-specialized hospital in Guangdong Province, China.
Methods: This observational study included all children who presented with complications of BCG vaccination between January 2016 and December 2020. Medical and electronic laboratory records were examined to ascertain clinical characteristics, treatment approaches, and outcomes.
Results: A total of 76 children presented with adverse reactions following BCG vaccination. Among them, 14 (18.4%) had injection site adverse reactions classified as follow: ulceration, lichenoid lesions, superficial abscesses covered by a scab or deep abscesses. Only 5 cases (35.7%) with deep abscesses were treated with oral isoniazid and surgical interventions. 55 cases (72.4%) of all had regional lymphadenitis, with 32 patients (58.2%) being less than 6 months old. Suppurative lymphadenitis was seen in 31 of 55 cases (56.4%) who all recovered fully by oral antituberculosis drugs and surgery. 7 cases (9.2%) had disseminated BCG, among whom primary immunodeﬁciency (PID) was identiﬁed in two (28.6%). All disseminated cases received treatment involving at least three kinds of antituberculosis drugs and 6 cases (85.7%) were improved.
Conclusions: Injection site adverse reactions to the BCG vaccine can present with various cutaneous manifestations, and the majority of patients do not require antituberculosis drugs and surgery. Regional lymphadenitis is the most predominant complications, and more than half of these cases are suppurative. Surgical interventions combined with anti-tuberculosis medications for suppurative lymphadenitis tends to be effective and safe. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment for disseminated BCG disease are likely to contribute to a good prognosis.
Impact of airspace restrictions due to conflict zones on air traffic CO2 emissions in 2022 and 2023
Authors: Dannet Grégoire , Bellouin Nicolas , Boucher Olivier 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

As air traffic rebounds from its large drop during the Covid-19 crisis, civil aviation needs to continue addressing its climate impact. Knowledge of aircraft trajectories is essential for an accurate assessment of the CO2 (and non-CO2) climate impact of aviation. Here we combine an aircraft trajectory optimization algorithm and a global database of aircraft movements to quantify the impact of airspace restrictions due to conflict zones on CO2 emissions. Among current restrictions, we show that the Russian ban of its airspace to Western airlines following the invasion of Ukraine has the largest impact. Our analysis reveals an initial reduction of flights to and from East Asia that would have crossed the Russian territory. Routes then gradually reopened by making a detour, which led to an average increase in fuel consumption of 13% on the affected routes, with a greater impact for flights to and from Europe (14.8%) compared to flights to and from North America (9.8%). Although these flights represent only a small fraction of the daily flights, the large detours have increased global aviation CO2 emissions by 1% in 2023, equivalent to a quarter of the yet-to-be-achieved efficiency gain potential from improved air traffic management.
Effects of Lead Poisoning on the Development of Children Aged 1–5 Years in Yaounde: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Ambomatei Calson , Ngarka Leonard , Ambomatei Jennifer E. , Monebenimp Francesca 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:Lead poisoning affects the central nervous system of children, leading to developmental delay. There are multiple environmental sources of lead exposure in Yaounde, and this exposure could have a negative impact on child development. Herein, we aimed to determine the negative effects of lead poisoning on the development of children aged 1–5 years in Yaoundé.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we included children whose blood lead levels had been measured in a previous study entitled “Blood Lead Levels among Children in Yaoundé Cameroon.” Using the Denver II developmental screening test and a pre-tested questionnaire, we assessed the psychomotor development of our participants. We collected relevant data on sociodemographic characteristics, medical history, nutrition, perinatal history, and schooling. We used Epi info version 3.5.4 and WHO Anthroplus for all data analyses. P <0.05 was statistically significant.
Results:Of the 70 participants included in this study, 22 (31.43%) had blood lead levels of ≥10 μg/dL. Nine (12.86%) of them had developmental delay. We found a significant association between developmental delay and prematurity, low birth weight, artificial milk consumption, postnatal resuscitation, antenatal consultations, prenatal HIV testing, schooling, and high blood lead levels (≥10 μg/dL). However, none of these factors was found to be independently associated with developmental delay.
Conclusion:A blood lead level of ≥10 μg/dL was found to be a risk factor for developmental delay in children aged 1–5 years in Yaoundé. However, developmental delay was found to be a multifactorial outcome. Further prospective studies should be conducted to further investigate our findings.
Estimation of Levels of Caveolin-1 and Azurocidin in Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Diabetic and Non-diabetic Patients With Chronic Periodontitis: a Cross Sectional Study
Authors: ABHILASHA KUMARI , D JAYANTHI , VIVEKANANDA LALITH 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background- Periodontitis occurs as a result of complex interactions between bacterial plaques and the host immune system. Diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for periodontitis and leads to inflammatory changes within periodontal tissue. Caveolin-1 is an integral membrane protein that has diverse functions, such as regulating inflammatory mediators and insulin signaling. Azurocidin is a microbicide protein present in the azurophilic granules of neutrophils. It plays a role in innate immunity and is secreted during inflammatory conditions, and its functions are influenced by the glycaemic state. Hence, this study aimed to estimate the levels of caveolin-1 and azurocidin in the GCF of individuals with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and nondiabetic individuals with chronic periodontitis. Method- A total of 45 subjects were divided into three groups of 15 each. Group I included periodontally healthy subjects, Group II included chronic periodontitis patients, and Group III included chronic periodontitis patients who were newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Periodontal parameters such as the PI, BI, GI, PD and CAL were recorded, and GCF samples were collected. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation and multiple regression. Results- The GCF levels of caveolin-1 and azurocidin were significantly greater in Group II and Group III than in Group I (p ≤ 0.001). Caveolin-1 and azurocidin were significantly positively correlated with various periodontal parameters and GCF values (p ≤ 0.001). Conclusion- The GCF levels of caveolin-1 and azurocidin were greater in chronic periodontitis patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus than in periodontally healthy subjects. Hence, both of these molecules may be considered as biomarkers for periodontitis and diabetes mellitus.
S-box smart agricultural image protection scheme based on annealing algorithm to enhance two-dimensional hyperchaos
Authors: Zhou Lingzhi , Zhou Xunming , Yuan Yuan , Zhu WanNing , Zhou Man 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Addressing image security challenges in smart agriculture, this study introduces an encryption algorithm fortiffed by an S-BOX, which is enhanced by integrating chaotic systems and annealing techniques. Initially, we innovated a novel chaotic system by combining the Volterra equations with the Lorenz attractor (LV-LA-2DHC). Subsequently, an annealing algorithm was employed to augment the S-BOX, creating a robust mechanism for image encryption. This new SBox is speciffcally designed to leverage chaos-based cryptography, thus bolstering the performance and security of the encryption process. Furthermore, the algorithm incorporates specialized pixel shufffing and row-column transformations, complemented by XOR operations, to further secure the images. Through rigorous testing and multiple comparative experiments, our ffndings conffrm that the proposed encryption algorithm for bright agricultural imagery is secure and dependable.
No Increased Risk of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Patients with Celiac Disease; A Population- Based Study
Authors: Jossen Jacqueline , Lebwohl Benjamin , Söderling Jonas , Duberg Ann-Sofi , Aleman Soo , Sharma Rajani , Hagström Hannes , Green Peter HR , Ludvigsson Jonas F. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objectives: Celiac disease (CeD) has been associated with a low response to hepatitis B (HBV) vaccination, but guidelines for testing and revaccination among individuals with CeD are sparse. We examined the risk of future HBV among individuals with CeD in a population-based Swedish cohort. Furthermore, we examined the rate of prior HBV infection in CeD patients.
Methods: All individuals in Sweden diagnosed with biopsy-verified CeD between 1990-2017 were identified through the ESPRESSO cohort. Each individual with CeD was matched by age, sex, calendar year, and birth country (Nordic vs. other) with up to 5 reference individuals.
Results: We identified 44,721 CeD and 222,238 reference individuals. The incidence rates of diagnosed HBV were 2.3 and 2.9 per 100,000 person-years, respectively. This represented no association with CeD (HR 0.77 (0.45-1.30)). This null association was similar for those with a Nordic (HR 0.80 (0.40-1.60)) and non-Nordic ((HR 0.31 (0.09-1.08)) country of birth.
Rates of prior HBV infection were low (CeD 0.08%, controls 0.06%). This corresponded to a small but insignificant increase among individuals with CeD (odds ratio, OR 1.41 (0.97-2.05).
Conclusion: In a population based Swedish cohort, there was no increased risk of developing HBV in individuals with CeD. This finding does not support current practices of testing and revaccination for HBV. Additional studies should be completed in areas with higher endemic rates of HBV. Slightly higher rates of prior HBV infection in CeD may be secondary to increased testing in those seeking medical care for another disease process.