bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Matrine modulates HSC70 levels and rescues ΔF508‐CFTR
Authors: Basile Anna , Pascale Maria , Franceschelli Silvia , Nieddu Erika , Mazzei Marco T. , Fossa Paola , Turco Maria Caterina , Mazzei Mauro 
Published: December 2011

AbstractCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a cAMP‐dependent Cl− channel located in the plasma membrane, and its malfunction results in cystic fibrosis (CF), the most common lethal genetic disease in Caucasians. Most CF patients carry the deletion of Phe508 (ΔF508 mutation); this mutation prevents the delivery of the CFTR to its correct cellular location, the apical (lumen‐facing) membrane of epithelial cells. Molecular chaperones play a central role in determining the fate of ΔF508‐CFTR. In this report, we show that the Matrine, a quinolizidine alkaloid, downregulates the expression of the molecular chaperone HSC70 and increases the protein levels of ΔF508‐CFTR in human alveolar basal epithelial cells (A549 cell line), stably transfected with a ΔF508‐CFTR‐expressing construct. Moreover, Matrine induced ΔF508‐CFTR release from endoplasmic reticulum to cell cytosol and its localization on the cell membrane. Interestingly, downregulation of HSC70 resulted in increased levels of ΔF508‐CFTR complexes with the co‐chaperone BAG3 that in addition appeared to co‐localize with the mutated protein on the cell surface. These results shed new light on ΔF508‐CFTR interactions with proteins of the chaperones/co‐chaperones system and could be useful in strategies for future medical treatments for CF. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 3317–3323, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Critical choices for modeling breast cancer in transgenic mouse models
Authors: Caligiuri Isabella , Rizzolio Flavio , Boffo Silvia , Giordano Antonio , Toffoli Giuseppe 
Published: December 2011

AbstractModeling breast cancer in the mouse has helped to better define the heterogeneity of human breast cancer. In the recent past, it has become evident that some limitations have restricted the potential benefits that can be achieved with this approach. In this review, we highlight some key points that should be taken into account when the mouse is used, with special emphasis on transgenic models. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 2988–2991, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
BEYOND THE SUBSIDY: COYOTES, CREDIT AND FAIR TRADE COFFEE
Authors: Tedeschi Gwendolyn A. , Carlson Julie A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractInternational trade economists have largely avoided undertaking analysis of the fair trade movement because of the fact that fair trade is generally viewed as a price subsidy. Standard international trade models show this type of trade policy to be inefficient, as it would cause oversupply and further depress world prices. The problem with applying a standard international trade model to fair trade in coffee is that the input markets associated with coffee production are not perfectly competitive. Since perfect competition is an assumption common to many models of international trade, the conclusions of these models are not applicable in this setting. In this paper, we examine three models of coffee production. In the first model, the problem for coffee farmers is examined as if all markets were perfectly competitive; in the second model, we examine coffee production with an inefficient credit market in the absence of fair trade; and in the third model, we examine coffee production with an inefficient credit market but with the possibility of fair trade. Farmer welfare is improved with fair trade at the expense of local middlemen, but total welfare is lower than what could be achieved with perfect competition. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Liver‐vessel cancellation artifact on in‐phase and out‐of‐phase MRI imaging: A sign of ultra‐high liver fat content
Authors: Herédia Vasco , Ramalho Miguel , de Campos Rafael O.P. , Dale Brian , Azevedo Rafael , Woosley John T. , Semelka Richard C. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose:To describe a new MRI sign, the liver‐vessel cancellation artifact, on In‐Phase and Out‐of‐Phase gradient‐echo sequences related to ultra‐high liver fat content (>90%) by qualitative histology.Materials and Methods:Institutional review board approval was obtained for this retrospective HIPAA‐compliant study with waived informed consent. Patients with liver steatosis were searched in MRI (n = 195) and pathology (n = 116) databases between January 1, 2008, and June 20, 2010. Two readers blindly reviewed all MR images for the presence of the liver‐vessel cancellation sign. Cross‐reference of patients with biopsy‐proven steatosis and MRI within one month was performed (n = 54; 25 males, 29 females; mean age 41.0 ± 18.9), with a population of 6 patients with ultra‐high liver fat content (1 male, 5 females; mean age 15.5 ± 11.2). Performance diagnostic tests, including sensitivity and specificity, were performed.Results:Liver‐vessel cancellation sign was present in all patients with ultra‐high liver fat content but in none of the remaining patients. Calculated sensitivity and specificity for the detection of ultra‐high liver fat content with this sign were 100% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 69.1–100%) and 100% (95% CI: 98.4–100%), respectively.Conclusion:The presence of liver‐vessel cancellation artifact around intra‐hepatic vessels is a feature of ultra‐high liver fat content. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;35:1112‐1118. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Analysis of a non‐structural gene reveals evidence of possible hepatitis C virus (HCV) compartmentalization
Authors: Blackard Jason T. , Ma Gang , Welge Jeffrey A. , Martin Christina M. , Sherman Kenneth E. , Taylor Lynn E. , Mayer Kenneth H. , Jamieson Denise J. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractViral diversity is a hallmark of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection; however, only limited data are available regarding HCV variability in extrahepatic sites, and none have systematically compared diversity in non‐structural and structural genomic regions. Therefore, HCV diversity in the NS5B and envelope 1 (E1) hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) genes was evaluated in matched sera and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from 13 HCV‐infected women. Multiple clonal sequences were compared to evaluate quasispecies diversity and viral compartmentalization in PBMCs. Genetic distances were higher for E1/HVR1 compared to NS5B in both the sera and PBMCs (P = 0.0511 and 0.0284). Genetic distances were higher in serum NS5B compared to PBMC NS5B (P = 0.0003); however, they were not different when comparing E1/HVR1 in sera to PBMCs. By phylogenetic analysis of NS5B, evidence of possible PBMC compartmentalization was observed for one woman, while statistical methods were consistent with PBMC compartmentalization for six women. Evidence of compartmentalization within a non‐structural genomic region may suggest that viral adaptation to a unique extracellular microenvironment(s) may be required for efficient replication and could contribute to HCV persistence. J. Med. Virol. 84:242–252, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comprehensive analysis of the prevalence of hepatitis B virus escape mutations in the major hydrophilic region of surface antigen
Authors: Ma Qiang , Wang Yefu 
Published: December 2011

AbstractEscape mutations in the major hydrophilic region (MHR) of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) are reported widely worldwide; these mutations lead to diagnostic problems, emergence of vaccine‐escape mutants, and hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) therapy failure. However, the prevalence of these mutations in different genotypes remains to be studied systematically. In the current study, 11,221 non‐redundant hepatitis B virus (HBV) sequences of 8 genotypes (from A to H), obtained from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), were analyzed to determine the prevalence of HBsAg escape mutations that were previously described. Eight important mutations associated with diagnostic failure, P120T, T126S, Q129H, G130N, S143L, D144A, and G145A/R, were prevalent in one or more genotypes, with the frequency of no less than 1%. With regard to escape variants that evade vaccine or immunoglobulin therapy, mutations were located mainly at positions 120, 126, 129, 130, 133, 134, 137, 140, 143, 144, and 145. The majority of such mutations showed genotypic heterogeneity, indicating the different distribution of the escape mutations. Most of the escape mutations clustered in the “a” determinant, indicating that this region was more likely to be affected by immune selection or antiviral therapy than other regions. Understanding the prevalence and heterogeneity of escape mutations could provide useful guidance for the improvement of diagnostic assays, design of new vaccines, and prevention of failure of HBIG therapy. J. Med. Virol. 84:198–206, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sabin and wild polioviruses from apparently healthy primary school children in northeastern Nigeria
Authors: Baba M.M. , Oderinde B.S. , Patrick P.Z. , Jarmai M.M. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractDespite significant success of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) in Nigeria, Afghanistan, India, Pakistan, wild poliovirus still occurs due to persistently high proportions of under and unimmunized children. The study aimed at determining the type of poliovirus often excreted into the environment. Four hundred nine fecal samples collected from apparently healthy school children aged 5–16 years in Borno and Adamawa States, northeastern Nigeria, were tested for poliovirus by tissue culture technique. The isolates were characterized further by intratypic differentiation testing and genetic sequencing. Three wild poliovirus type, 11 Sabin type, combination of Sabin‐types 1 + 2 and 2 + 3 poliovirus, and 22 non‐polio enteroviruses were obtained. The continued excretion of wild‐type poliovirus among children above 5 years old vaccinated with oral polio vaccine contributes to the persistent circulation of these viruses in the environment and may limit the population immunity. However, the excreted Sabin poliovirus is capable of immunizing the unvaccinated children and promotes herd immunity. Similarly, the excretion of combination of two polio serotypes indicates the child susceptibility to the missing serotype (s) and therefore indicates an immunity gap. The common unhygienic practices in the environment could aid the spread of these viruses through oral–fecal route. Asymptomatic transmission of wild poliovirus among older oral polio vaccine‐vaccinated children poses a serious threat to polio eradication program in Nigeria and therefore, environmental and serological surveillance with larger sample size are important for monitoring poliovirus circulation in Nigeria. J. Med. Virol. 84:358–364, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Detection and molecular characterization of noroviruses and sapoviruses in children admitted to hospital with acute gastroenteritis in Vietnam
Authors: Trang Nguyen V. , Luan Le T. , Kim‐Anh Le T. , Hau Vu T.B. , Nhung Le T.H. , Phasuk Pimmnapar , Setrabutr Orntipa , Shirley Hannah , Vinjé Jan , Anh Dang D. , Mason Carl J. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractNoroviruses (NoV) and sapoviruses (SaV) are recognized as important causes of acute gastroenteritis in children worldwide. In this study, the prevalence and genetic variability of NoV and SaV were determined in hospitalized children <5 years of age with acute gastroenteritis in Hanoi, Vietnam. A total of 501 fecal specimens collected between November‐2007 and October‐2008, that previously had been tested for rotavirus (RV), were tested for NoV and SaV by realtime RT‐PCR. Positive samples were genotyped by conventional RT‐PCR followed by sequencing. GII NoV was detected in 180 (36%) and SaV in 7 (1.4%) of the samples. NoV was detected year‐round ranging from 9.5% in April to 81.5% in September among RV negative samples. NoV GII.4 Minerva (2006b) was the dominant genotype (93%) with a few other genotypes detected including GII.3 (4.4%), GII.13 (1.7%), and GII.2 (0.6%) but no GI strains. Only GI and GII SaV strains were detected in this study. No difference in NoV prevalence between age groups was noted. Frequency of vomiting or fever was similar between children with NoV and RV infection, yet, NoV caused diarrhea with longer duration. In conclusion, NoV is the second most frequent cause of diarrhea in hospitalized children in North Vietnam. J. Med. Virol. 84:290–297, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Detection of herpes simplex virus (1 and 2), varicella‐zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, human herpesvirus 6 and enterovirus in immunocompetent tunisian patients with acute neuromeningeal disorder
Authors: Nahdi Imen , Boukoum Hanen , Nabil Ben Salem Abid , Ben Romdane Fouad , Hammami Saber , Chebel Saber , Mahbouba Frih‐Ayed , Guediche Mohamed Neji , Chakroun Mohamed , Aouni Mahjoub , Imbert‐Marcille Berthe‐Marie , Bressollette‐Bodin Celine 
Published: December 2011

AbstractEnteroviruses (EVs) and human herpesviruses (HHVs) are involved frequently in acute neurological disorders of viral etiology. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of herpes simplex virus types‐1 (HSV‐1) and 2 (HSV‐2), varicella‐zoster virus (VZV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), human herpesvirus 6 (HHV‐6) and human enteroviruses (EVs) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of Tunisian immunocompetent patients with neuromeningeal disorders. The patients had been hospitalized at the Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital (Monastir, Tunisia) between September 2007 and June 2009. At least one viral genome was detected in 58 (46%) out of 126 CSF samples collected. Enterovirus was detected in 31 of the positive samples (53.4%), CMV in 20 (34.5%), HSV‐1 in 3 (5.2%), HSV‐2 in 6 (10.3%), VZV in 4 (6.9%), HHV‐6 in 2 (3.4%). More than one viral genome was detected in seven CSF samples, including CMV DNA in six of the samples. The high frequency of enteroviral infections in aseptic meningitis was confirmed. The detection of CMV DNA only suggests a direct role of this virus in the etiology of acute neuromeningeal disorder. J. Med. Virol. 84:282–289, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mechanische Druckfortpflanzung in vulkanischen Aschenböden bei unterschiedlicher Bewirtschaftungsweise
Authors: Ellies Achim , Horn Rainer 
Published: December 2011

AbstractUntersucht wurde die Druckfortpflanzung mit Hilfe von Druckmeßdosen in vulkanischen Aschenböden unter unterschiedlicher Nutzung in Südchile. Anhand der Ergebnisse von Befahrungsversuchen läßt sich feststellen, daß die vertikale Normalspannung in Naturwaldböden trotz sehr geringer Lagerungsdichte aufgrund der Verzahnung der Vulkanaschen und aufgrund des starken Wurzelfilzes im Oberboden weitestgehend kompensiert wird. Durch Waldrodung und nachfolgender zusätzlicher Befahrung mit Landmaschinen werden die ursprünglich sehr lockere, stabile Bodenstruktur zerstört und unter tiefen Spurrillen dichte Bodenplatten bis in größere Tiefe ausgebildet, die dann wieder zu einer Druckkompensierung beitragen. Eine nachträgliche Bodenlockerung führt zu einer sogar tieferreichenden Druckfortpflanzung in dem durch auflastabhängige Scherungen deformierten Boden, wobei während der Bodendeformation die meßbaren Drucke in den einzelnen Bodentiefen gering, aber gleichmäßig über größere Tiefen fortgepflanzt werden. Aus den erzielten Ergebnissen läßt sich ein erstes Bild über die Strukturentwicklung in Vulkanaschenböden und ihre Bedeutung für die Druckfortpflanzung ableiten.
Einfluß organischer Düngungen auf bodenphysikalische Parameter
Authors: Becher Hans H. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractDie Wirkung einer 13jährigen, zusätzlichen Düngung mit Ernterückständen zu einer mineralischen Düngung oder Stallmistdüngung auf das Bodengefüge wurde untersucht. Auf der pseudovergleyten Parabraunerde aus Löß über tertiärem Feinsand in Oberbayern wurde Feldgemüse angebaut. U.a. wurden Eindringwiderstand, gesättigte Wasserleitfähigkeit (kf). Lagerungsdichte und Aggregatdichte, Porengrößenverteilung und Aggregatstabilität (AS) bestimmt. Die Düngung mit Ernterückständen und/oder Stallmist erhöhte den Gehalt der Krume an Corg. Dadurch wurden AS und kf erhöht, und zwar stärker durch Ernterückstände. Die übrigen Eigenschaften wurden nicht signifikant beeinflußt, weil diese Eigenschaften auch von Witterung und Bodenbewirtschaftung abhängen und damit Momentanwerte darstellen. Die nutzbare Feldkapazität wurde durch Düngung mit Ernterückständen um ca. 10 mm über 70 cm Profiltiefe erhöht.
Auswirkungen des Agroforestry‐Anbausystems auf den Mineralstickstoffgehalt und das Matrixpotential in einer Parabraunerde sowie das Wachstum von Acer Pseudoplatanus
Authors: Bohne Heike , Rauch Dirk 
Published: December 2011

AbstractEs werden Ergebnisse von dreijährigen Untersuchungen in einem Agroforestry‐Anbausystem, hier bestehend aus Acer pseudoplatanus als Gehölzkultur kombiniert mit den Einsaaten “Klee” (Trifolium repens), “Weidelgras” (Lolium perenne) und “ohne Einsaat” (Herbizid), auf einer Parabraunerde aus Löß vorgestellt. Der Boden wurde in den vorangegangenen Jahren intensiv landwirtschaftlich genutzt. Bei der Variante “ohne Einsaat” kam es besonders im ersten Jahr nach der Nutzungsänderung, aber auch in den Folgejahren aufgrund der geringen und erst spät in der Vegetationsperiode einsetzenden N‐Entzüge durch die Gehölze zu Nitratauswaschungen. Die im Boden verbleibende Menge an Mineralstickstoff war für ein optimales Gehölzwachstum ausreichend. Mit der Einsaat von Gras konnte der Boden bereits im ersten Jahr nach der Nutzungsänderung weitgehend an Mineralstickstoff entleert werden, Auswaschungen traten jedoch in der Tiefe 60–90 cm ein. In den Folgejahren blieben die Mineralstickstoffgehalte des Bodens gering, waren aber für ein optimales Wachstum beider Kulturen nicht ausreichend. Die Wachstumsbedingungen für die Gehölze wurden zusätzlich durch die Wasserkonkurrenz des Grases beeinträchtigt. Bei der Einsaat von Klee lag als Folge der symbiontischen N‐Bindung und der anschließenden N‐Mineralisation der Mineralstickstoffgehalt über der Höhe der Entzüge. Optimales Wachstum der Gehölze und der Untersaat ist gewährleistet, es traten aber Auswaschungsverluste auf. Die auch unter Klee aufgetretenen hohen Wasserspannungen haben das Gehölzwachstum nicht beeinträchtigt. In allen drei Jahren kam es bei allen Varianten zu N‐Verlagerungen auch im zeitigen Frühjahr. Das Gehölzwachstum unterschied sich bisher nicht zwischen den Varianten “Herbizid” und “Klee” und war bei “Gras” deutlich geringer.
Palygorskitreicher Vertisol im ariden Bereich NO‐Somalias
Authors: Alaily Fayez 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIm ariden Bereich NO‐Somalias kommen auf einer breiten Ebene im Zentralbereich des Darror‐Tals palygorskitreiche Vertisole vor. Der untersuchte Vertisol ist sehr arm an Smectit und Vermiculit. Das Ausgangsgestein dieses Bodens besteht aus pleistozänen fluviatilen Sedimenten, die aus tertiären Gesteinen stammen. Im Gelände zeigt der Boden “slicken sides” in 92 bis 140 cm Tiefe, sowie Schrumpfrisse, die eine Tiefe von mehr als 100 cm erreichen und nur z.T. mit Oberbodenmaterial gefüllt sind. Aufgrund des frisch aussehenden Gilgai‐Mikroreliefs und der z.T. leeren Schrumpfrisse dürfte die Peloturbation unter den heutigen Klimaverhältnissen aktiv sein. Der hohe Gehalt an Palygorskit in dem untersuchten Vertisol ist aufgrund der Ergebnisse als lithogen zu betrachten und stammt aus den tertiären Gesteinen der Umgebung.
Bedeutung der arbuskulären Mykorrhiza (AM) für die Schwermetalltoleranz von Luzerne (Medicago Sativa L.) und Hafer (Avena sativa L.) auf einem klärschlammgedüngten Boden
Authors: Ricken Barbara , Höfner Werner 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn Gefäßversuchen mit einem klärschlammgedüngten Boden wurde der Einfluß der arbuskulären Mykorrhiza (AM) ‐Pilzisolate von Glomus sp. (T6 und D13) auf Pflanzenwachstum und Schwermetall (SM) ‐aufnahme von Luzerne (Medicago sativa L.) und Hafer (Avena sativa L.) untersucht. Das Wachstum von Luzerne wurde durch eine Mykorrhizierung nicht signifikant beeinflußt. Bei Hafer forderte eine AM‐Inokulation mit T6 das Wachstum von Wurzel und Sproß bis zu 70% bzw. 55%, zur Reife aber ergab sich gleicher Sproßertrag.Die P‐Gehalte in Wurzel und Sproß von Luzerne wurden durch die AM gesteigert. Mykorrhizierte Luzerne zeigte sowohl in Wurzel als auch Sproß zumeist geringere Zn‐, Cd‐ und Ni‐Gehalte und Aufnahmen als die Kontrolle. Dabei wurde die Verlagerung der SM in den Sproß bei mykorrhizierten Pflanzen gefördert. Die Wurzellänge der Luzerne war infolge einer Mykorrhizierung zum Zeitpunkt der 1. Ernte geringfügig erhöht, zur 2. Ernte hingegen signifikant reduziert (bis zu 38%).Bei Hafer bewirkte die Mykorrhiza eine bis zu 78% erhöhte Wurzellänge und gesteigerte Zn‐, Ni‐ und Cd‐Gehalte und Aufnahmen in Wurzel und teilweise auch im Sproß. Die Verlagerung der SM in den Sproß mykorrhizierter Pflanzen wurde aber gehemmt. Dies läßt eine Bindung der SM in den AM‐Strukturen in der Wurzel vermuten.Die Ergebnisse deuten auf eine Filterfunktion der Mykorrhiza gegenüber SM im Boden hin, die bei den verschiedenen Pflanzenarten auf unterschiedlichen Mechanismen zu beruhen scheint.
Differential effects of potassium and molybdenum deficiency and fertilization on nitrogen metabolism in Norway spruce (Picea abies)
Authors: Weidner Manfred , Brückner Helmut , Pajak Eva , Schmidt Brigitte , Wichtmann Hubert 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA field study on mineral nutrition of 12 year old Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) was carried out on a Lower Triassic region in the Eifel mountains in a plantation where the juvenile trees exhibited marked visual differences on adjacent plots, thus indicating a patchy pattern concerning the fertility status of the soil. This was confirmed by geological, pedological and chemical analyses, including X‐ray diffraction analyses of the clay minerals and soil water as well as needle element analyses. A combined K and N deficiency was diagnosed for those trees, which exhibited growth retardation and small, rigid, and yellowish‐green needles. Chlorophyll and protein content and glutamine synthetase activity were reduced while triphenyltetrazoliumchloride (TTC) reduction was enhanced in the sick trees as compared to adjacent healthy looking trees of the same age and provenance. A diagnostic fertilization treatment with K and Mo, respectively, yielded the following results. One year after administration of Mo a marked increase in total N content of the needles was observed, due to an increase of the storage pools for soluble (nonprotein) nitrogen, namely the basic amino acids arginine, histidine and lysine and also of ornithine. Yet, no visual recovery of the trees was observed. On the other hand, K fertilization caused an improvement of all biochemical parameters, except protein content and soluble N storage pools. The relationships between Mo dependent nitrate reduction, potassium content and nitrogen metabolism are discussed.
Changes of redox and pH conditions in a flooded soil amended with glucose and manganese oxide or iron oxide under laboratory conditions
Authors: Glinski Jan , Stahr Karl , Stepniewska Zofia , Brzezinska Malgorzata 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe changes of Eh and pH in soil suspension (Ah‐horizon of a Mollic Gleysol) and Mn2+ or Fe2+ concentrations in the equilibrium soil solution at different levels of glucose (0%, 0.5% and 1%) and MnO2 (0%, 0.025%, 0.05% and 0.1%) or Fe2O3 (0%, 0.025%, 0.05% and 0.1%) were examined. It was found that the degree of Mn‐ and Fe‐reduction in soil depends mainly on the presence and the amount of an easily decomposable carbon source and to a minor degree on the content of native or added forms of MnOO2 or Fe2O3 in the soil.Theoretical relationships between the water soluble manganese and iron and the Eh and pH values have been verified, when the observed initial drop of Eh was eliminated. It was found that the water soluble manganese content was described best by the Mn2O3/Mn2+ redox system, and that of iron by the Fe3 (OH)3/Fe2+ system.