bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring overweight, obesity and their behavioural correlates among children and adolescents: results from the Health-promotion through Obesity Prevention across Europe project
Authors: Brug Johannes , Lien Nanna , Klepp Knut-Inge , van Lenthe Frank J 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectivesThe Health-promotion through Obesity Prevention across Europe (HOPE) project aims to bring the European scientific knowledge on overweight, obesity and their determinants together and use the expertise of researchers across Europe to contribute to tackling the obesity epidemic.Design/subjects/resultsThis special issue of Public Health Nutrition presents important results from one of the work packages of the HOPE project that aims at gaining and integrating knowledge on the determinants of nutrition, physical activity and obesity among schoolchildren and adolescents (aged 10–18 years) in different European regions. It includes contributions from Northern Europe (Norway), Central and Eastern Europe (Germany, Poland and the Czech Republic), Southern Europe (Greece) and Western Europe (Belgium and The Netherlands), as well as an overview of the availability of good-quality data on prevalence rates and trends in overweight (including obesity) among adolescents in European Union (EU) countries. The studies that are included report prevalence differences, data on relevant nutrition and physical activity behaviours, as well as potential physical and environmental behavioural determinants.ConclusionThese papers provide further evidence on differences in obesity and overweight prevalence among different EU regions and countries, and contribute to the further exploration of risk factors that may or should be addressed in obesity prevention efforts for school-aged children and adolescents in EU countries.
Social, economic and demographic correlates of overweight and obesity in primary-school children: preliminary data from the Healthy Growth Study
Authors: Moschonis George , Tanagra Sofia , Vandorou Anastasia , Kyriakou Aikaterini E , Dede Vasiliki , Siatitsa Paraskevi E , Koumpitski Alexandra , Androutsos Odysseas , Grammatikaki Evangelia , Kantilafti Maria , Naoumi Anthi , Farmaki Aliki E , Siopi Aikaterini , Papadopoulou Eleni Z , Voutsadaki Elpida , Chlouveraki Fanouria , Maragkopoulou Konstantina , Argyri Efstathoula , Giannopoulou Aggeliki , Manios Yannis 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo record the prevalence of overweight and obesity in urban primary-school children in relation to several socio-economic and demographic factors.DesignCross-sectional.Setting/subjectsA representative sample of 729 schoolchildren (379 male and 350 female), aged 9–13 years, stratified by parental educational level, was examined in the urban region of Athens. Weight and height were measured using standard procedures. The International Obesity Task Force thresholds were used for the definition of overweight and obesity. Several socio-economic and demographic data and the child’s ‘popularity’ score were also recorded with specifically designed standardized questionnaires.ResultsThe prevalence of overweight and obesity was 29·6 % and 11·1 %, respectively. Annual family income of €12 000–20 000 (OR = 1·58), residence ownership (OR = 1·63) and the grandmother as the child’s primary caregiver (OR = 1·38) were significantly associated with higher odds of childhood overweight and obesity. Non-Greek parental nationality (OR = 0·72) and higher ‘popularity’ scores of children (OR = 0·42) were significantly associated with lower odds of overweight and obesity. The grandmother as the child’s primary caregiver and an annual family income of €12 000–20 000 remained significantly associated with childhood overweight and obesity after adding all significant correlates of childhood overweight and obesity observed at the bivariate level in a multivariate regression model (OR = 1·51 and 1·61, respectively).ConclusionsAmong family income, residence ownership, child’s primary caregiver, parental nationality and popularity scores that were identified as significant correlates of childhood overweight and obesity at the bivariate level, lower family income and grandmother as the child’s primary caregiver were the only factors that remained significantly associated with childhood overweight and obesity at a multivariate level.
Relationship of physical activity and dietary habits with body mass index in the transition from childhood to adolescence: a 4-year longitudinal study
Authors: Haerens Leen , Vereecken Carine , Maes Lea , De Bourdeaudhuij Ilse 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the relationship between several physical activity (PA) and dietary behaviours and BMI Z-score and to investigate the relationship between changes in these variables and in the BMI Z-score over a 4-year period from childhood to adolescence.DesignLongitudinal study in which children were included in the fifth grade and measured for four consecutive years. Dietary and PA behaviours as well as height and weight were measured by means of self-reported validated questionnaires.SettingFifty-nine Flemish elementary schools.SubjectsThe baseline sample consisted of 51·9 % boys and the mean age was 10 (sd 0·4) years. During the first measurement year (2002), data on 1670 fifth graders were gathered. These measurements were repeated after 1 (n 1557), 2 (n 1151) and 3 (n 807) years.ResultsSignificant inverse relationships with BMI Z-score were observed for frequency of breakfast consumption (β = −0·033, se = 0·012) and frequency of sports participation (β = −0·011, se = 0·004) across four time points. Significant inverse relationships between changes in BMI Z-score and changes in frequency of sports participation (β = −0·011, se = 0·006) and hours of physical education (PE; β = −0·052, se = 0·023) were observed, meaning that decreases in sports participation and hours spent in PE were associated with increases in BMI Z-score.ConclusionsThe present study provides an important insight into different dietary and PA behaviours related to (changes in) BMI Z-score during the transition from childhood to adolescence.
THE PROXIMITY OF THE PAST: EUGENICS IN AMERICAN CULTURE
Authors: RYDELL ROBERT W. 
Published: September 2010

In 1935, as the Nazis’ state-of-the art eugenics exhibition from the Deutsches Hygiene Museum was concluding its American tour, a decision had to be made about whether to return the displays to Germany or to house them in an American museum. After the American Academy of Medicine decided against the display because of its political implications, the director of the Buffalo Museum of Science, Carlos Cummings, himself a physician, offered his institution as the exhibition's permanent home. “What is the astounding eugenics program upon which Chancellor Hitler has launched the German people?” Cummings wondered aloud. “As a matter of public interest, without endorsement,” he added, “the Museum will display in the Central Hall throughout this final quarter of 1935, a set of fifty-one posters and charts . . . which gives Americans a graphic explanation of Germany's campaign to rear in posterity ‘a new race nobility.’” Seven years later, with war raging, the museum received permission from the company that had insured the exhibition, to dismantle it from its permanent home in the museum's Hall of Heredity. An exhibition about eugenics, Nazi eugenics no less, that had been enthusiastically received as it had traveled the United States in the mid-1930s, had seemingly fallen victim to the war against eugenics launched by cultural anthropologists and geneticists. In light of the broad scholarship on eugenics, this certainly would be a plausible reading of the deinstallation of the Nazi eugenics exhibition. But the three books under review here suggest a more complex reading, one that suggests that eugenics and racism, considered as ideological systems, were less easily dislodged from American culture than from Buffalo's Museum of Science.
Research on ground vibration of the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility
Authors: Wang X. , Du H. , Yan Z. , Yin L. 
Published: September 2010

Ground vibration is a key issue for the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), which is a third-generation light source under commissioning. However, the ground vibration of the SSRF is much larger than other light sources for relatively softer soil and deeper bedrock. More than 1000 piles with 0.6 m diameter down to 48 m underground, and slabs of 1450 mm thickness for the storage ring tunnel and the experiment hall, have been used to attenuate the ground vibration. Measurement results show that these piles and slab have obvious attenuation effect for the vibration induced by nearby vehicles and air conditioners. The coherences with respect to different distances are also carried out.
Patterns of fungal diversity and composition along a salinity gradient
Authors: Mohamed Devon J , Martiny Jennifer B H 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Estuarine salinity gradients are known to influence plant, bacterial and archaeal community structure. We sequenced 18S rRNA genes to investigate patterns in sediment fungal diversity (richness and evenness of taxa) and composition (taxonomic and phylogenetic) along an estuarine salinity gradient. We sampled three marshes—a salt, brackish and freshwater marsh—in Rhode Island. To compare the relative effect of the salinity gradient with that of plants, we sampled fungi in plots with Spartina patens and in plots from which plants were removed 2 years prior to sampling. The fungal sediment community was unique compared with previously sampled fungal communities; we detected more Ascomycota (78%), fewer Basidiomycota (6%) and more fungi from basal lineages (16%) (Chytridiomycota, Glomeromycota and four additional groups) than typically found in soil. Across marshes, fungal composition changed substantially, whereas fungal diversity differed only at the finest level of genetic resolution, and was highest in the intermediate, brackish marsh. In contrast, the presence of plants had a highly significant effect on fungal diversity at all levels of genetic resolution, but less of an effect on fungal composition. These results suggest that salinity (or other covarying parameters) selects for a distinctive fungal composition, and plants provide additional niches upon which taxa within these communities can specialize and coexist. Given the number of sequences from basal fungal lineages, the study also suggests that further sampling of estuarine sediments may help in understanding early fungal evolution.
Seasonality and resource availability control bacterial and archaeal communities in soils of a temperate beech forest
Authors: Rasche Frank , Knapp Daniela , Kaiser Christina , Koranda Marianne , Kitzler Barbara , Zechmeister-Boltenstern Sophie , Richter Andreas , Sessitsch Angela 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
It was hypothesized that seasonality and resource availability altered through tree girdling were major determinants of the phylogenetic composition of the archaeal and bacterial community in a temperate beech forest soil. During a 2-year field experiment, involving girdling of beech trees to intercept the transfer of easily available carbon (C) from the canopy to roots, members of the dominant phylogenetic microbial phyla residing in top soils under girdled versus untreated control trees were monitored at bimonthly intervals through 16S rRNA gene-based terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism profiling and quantitative PCR analysis. Effects on nitrifying and denitrifying groups were assessed by measuring the abundances of nirS and nosZ genes as well as bacterial and archaeal amoA genes. Seasonal dynamics displayed by key phylogenetic and nitrogen (N) cycling functional groups were found to be tightly coupled with seasonal alterations in labile C and N pools as well as with variation in soil temperature and soil moisture. In particular, archaea and acidobacteria were highly responsive to soil nutritional and soil climatic changes associated with seasonality, indicating their high metabolic versatility and capability to adapt to environmental changes. For these phyla, significant interrelations with soil chemical and microbial process data were found suggesting their potential, but poorly described contribution to nitrification or denitrification in temperate forest soils. In conclusion, our extensive approach allowed us to get novel insights into effects of seasonality and resource availability on the microbial community, in particular on hitherto poorly studied bacterial phyla and functional groups.
The New Markets for Renewable Identification Numbers
Authors: Thompson Wyatt , Meyer Seth , Westhoff Pat 
Published: September 2010

AbstractRenewable Identification Numbers (RINs) were developed to act as tracking mechanisms that ensure compliance with the U.S. biofuel use mandates legislated in 2005 and increased and adjusted to include sub‐mandates in 2007. Reviewing the rules for RIN production and use, we conclude that RIN prices will be hierarchical, and rollover provisions allow stock‐holding. We illustrate our interpretation by constructing RIN supply and use tables, and by discussing how expiring tax credits and the specific tariff raise RIN prices and mandate costs. RIN markets are critical for estimating biofuel use mandate effects on biofuel and feedstock markets and welfare.
Spial: analysis of subtype-specific features in multiple sequence alignments of proteins
Authors: Wuster Arthur , Venkatakrishnan A. J. , Schertler Gebhard F. X. , Babu M. Madan 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Motivation: Spial (Specificity in alignments) is a tool for the comparative analysis of two alignments of evolutionarily related sequences that differ in their function, such as two receptor subtypes. It highlights functionally important residues that are either specific to one of the two alignments or conserved across both alignments. It permits visualization of this information in three complementary ways: by colour-coding alignment positions, by sequence logos and optionally by colour-coding the residues of a protein structure provided by the user. This can aid in the detection of residues that are involved in the subtype-specific interaction with a ligand, other proteins or nucleic acids. Spial may also be used to detect residues that may be post-translationally modified in one of the two sets of sequences.
Availability: http://www.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/genomes/spial/; supplementary information is available at http://www.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/genomes/spial/help.html
Contact: ajv@mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk
Annie Ernaux's ‘Proof of Life’:
L'Usage de la photo
Authors: Kawakami Akane 
Published: September 2010

Abstract

L'Usage de la photo
(2005) is the portrait of a unique year in Annie Ernaux's life when she was having a passionate affair as well as undergoing treatment for breast cancer. This article will explore how
L'Usage de la photo
, which is made up of texts and photographs by Ernaux and her partner Marc Marie, is both a representation and a
proof
: I shall argue that Ernaux insists on a referential link between her text and reality in this work, making it into a ‘proof of life’ created during the period of her illness. Using the figure of metamorphosis to describe the relationship that Ernaux posits between her text and its eventual reception, I show how its structure helps her, almost as much as her partner does, to survive her ordeal. As her condition improves, Ernaux inclines towards disowning both project and partner in her reignited desire for life and normality. The competing drives in the work between chronicling her illness and rejecting it in the first flush of health are ultimately resolved in an image: an untaken, imaginary photograph symbolizing maternity. I argue that this final portrait shows Ernaux giving birth to the book, her lover, and her post-cancerous self.
Sense and Rhythm in La Fontaine's
Fables
Authors: Pensom Roger 
Published: September 2010

Abstract

Maya Slater has drawn attention to the stylistic importance of accent distribution within the phrase for the reading of La Fontaine's
Fables
. Linguistic opinion is currently divided on the nature and function of this accent in verse, the dominant view being that metre in French is nothing but conserved syllable-count and that accent within the hemistich/line is free, that is, non-metrical. The
Fables
present a particular problem for this view, since La Fontaine's free alternation of the canonical alexandrine and decasyllable with lines of seven or eight syllables violates the principle of isosyllabic recurrence fundamental to the isosyllabist thesis. It is, however, possible to ‘save the phenomenon’: evidence is presented here that intraphrasal accent occurs in this verse in rule-governed form, which in turn suggests that it has a ‘metrical’ (‘measuring’) role, compensating for the absence of isosyllabic equivalence. The resulting accent distribution, moreover, serves as a raw material for the creation of La Fontaine's highly personal poetic meaning. A close analysis of three texts shows how La Fontaine's ‘free verse’ organizes the accentual resources of his language to create his characteristic effects, exciting our awareness of the
physical
nature of our response to his poetry.
History, Ideology, and Camus's ‘Le Renégat’
Authors: Margerrison Christine 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Much discussion of Camus and colonialism relies on the discourse of Algerian nationalism, where history itself was censored in favour of myth. This influence raises ethical issues about the treatment of empirical evidence when faced with nationalist ideology, particularly when this ideology emanates from a state repeatedly accused of torturing its own citizens. The abandonment of this conceptual framework enables investigation of those areas it excludes, such as religion, extreme forms of violence, and a history that did not begin in 1830. Knowledge of Algerian history rather than its ideological counterpart is essential for an assessment of Camus's treatment of history. Through reference to ‘Le Renégat ou un esprit confus’ the aim here is to show that empirical evidence is central to an understanding of this story's possible meanings.
Brain Networks Maintain a Scale-free Organization across Consciousness, Anesthesia, and Recovery
Authors: Lee UnCheol , Oh GabJin , Kim Seunghwan , Noh GyuJung , Choi ByungMoon , Mashour George A. 
Published: September 2010

Background
Loss of consciousness is an essential feature of general anesthesia. Although alterations of neural networks during anesthesia have been identified in the spatial domain, there has been relatively little study of temporal organization.

Methods
Ten healthy male volunteers were anesthetized with an induction dose of propofol on two separate occasions. The duration of network connections in the brain was analyzed by multichannel electroencephalography and the minimum spanning tree method. Entropy of the connections was calculated based on Shannon entropy. The global temporal configuration of networks was investigated by constructing the cumulative distribution function of connection times in different frequency bands and different states of consciousness.

Results
General anesthesia was associated with a significant reduction in the number of network connections, as well as significant alterations of their duration. These changes were most prominent in the δ bandwidth and were also associated with a significant reduction in entropy of the connection matrix. Despite these and other changes, a global "scale-free" organization was consistently preserved across multiple subjects, anesthetic exposures, states of consciousness, and electroencephalogram frequencies.

Conclusions
Our data suggest a fundamental principle of temporal organization of network connectivity that is maintained during consciousness and anesthesia, despite local changes. These findings are consistent with a process of adaptive reconfiguration during general anesthesia.
Breakdown of within- and between-network Resting State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Connectivity during Propofol-induced Loss of Consciousness
Authors: Boveroux Pierre , Vanhaudenhuyse Audrey , Bruno Marie-Aurélie , Noirhomme Quentin , Lauwick Séverine , Luxen André , Degueldre Christian , Plenevaux Alain , Schnakers Caroline , Phillips Christophe , Brichant Jean-François , Bonhomme Vincent , Maquet Pierre , Greicius Michael D. , Laureys Steven , Boly Mélanie 
Published: September 2010

Background
Mechanisms of anesthesia-induced loss of consciousness remain poorly understood. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging allows investigating whole-brain connectivity changes during pharmacological modulation of the level of consciousness.

Methods
Low-frequency spontaneous blood oxygen level-dependent fluctuations were measured in 19 healthy volunteers during wakefulness, mild sedation, deep sedation with clinical unconsciousness, and subsequent recovery of consciousness.

Results
Propofol-induced decrease in consciousness linearly correlates with decreased corticocortical and thalamocortical connectivity in frontoparietal networks (i.e., default- and executive-control networks). Furthermore, during propofol-induced unconsciousness, a negative correlation was identified between thalamic and cortical activity in these networks. Finally, negative correlations between default network and lateral frontoparietal cortices activity, present during wakefulness, decreased proportionally to propofol-induced loss of consciousness. In contrast, connectivity was globally preserved in low-level sensory cortices, (i.e., in auditory and visual networks across sedation stages). This was paired with preserved thalamocortical connectivity in these networks. Rather, waning of consciousness was associated with a loss of cross-modal interactions between visual and auditory networks.

Conclusions
Our results shed light on the functional significance of spontaneous brain activity fluctuations observed in functional magnetic resonance imaging. They suggest that propofol-induced unconsciousness could be linked to a breakdown of cerebral temporal architecture that modifies both within- and between-network connectivity and thus prevents communication between low-level sensory and higher-order frontoparietal cortices, thought to be necessary for perception of external stimuli. They emphasize the importance of thalamocortical connectivity in higher-order cognitive brain networks in the genesis of conscious perception.