bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Techno-imaginaires du corps à l’ère des technosciences. Art contemporain et utopie de la transformation
Authors: Maestrutti Marina 
Published: April 2012

Le récit, l’oeuvre d’art, la performance participent de la « mise en culture » des technosciences en en fournissant des clés de lecture, de réflexion, de provocation. La caractéristique de la technoscience est surtout la création d’un « techno-imaginaire » qui, de manière très significative, semble se développer autour du corps comme lieu d’exercice, d’expérimentation, de mutation du vivant et de l’organique et aussi comme lieu de construction d’une identité aux possibilités inédites. L’article se propose d’analyser la relation entre certaines tendances de l’art contemporain et les utopies du corps qui sont à la base des pratiques de l’amélioration humaine, des perspectives transhumanistes, de l’idéologie des technologies convergentes. Entre fascination du corps en devenir et visions « subversives » de la modification proposées par certains artistes contemporains, les possibilités de « créer une nouvelle vision morale » du posthumanisme restent entièrement ouvertes.
La reconfiguration de l’espace mondial et les stratégies de localisation des firmes multinationales
Authors: Colovic Ana , Mayrhofer Ulrike 
Published: April 2012

L’accélération du processus de globalisation a conduit les firmes multinationales à réviser leurs stratégies de localisation. Les auteurs de cet article montrent que les changements effectués se traduisent par une plus forte dispersion géographique des activités et la fragmentation de la chaîne de valeur. Trois questions clés liées aux décisions de localisation dans un espace mondial élargi sont plus spécifiquement développées : les bénéfices de la co-localisation, les déterminants de la localisation et l’attractivité des territoires.
Enjeu familial et redéfinitions de la famille
Authors: Ouellette Françoise-Romaine 
Published: April 2012

Cet article introductif met l’accent sur les redéfinitions conceptuelles et normatives qui accompagnent les remises en cause de l’institution familiale et l’émergence de nouvelles configurations familiales. Cet angle de discussion permet de tracer des liens transversaux entre les différents articles du numéro d’Enfances, Familles, Générations qui explore la question familiale en tant qu’enjeu sociétal et, partant, objet politique mobilisant l’État et les divers acteurs de la société civile concernés par l’indispensable travail reproductif (procréation, soins et assistance, éducation, socialisation...) accompli au sein des familles. Les thématiques abordées sont : la sociologie de la famille, le mouvement pour une politique familiale, l’homoparenté, les procréations médicalement assistées, la notion de revenu familial, l’encadrement légal du mariage et l’union libre, l’attraction des familles en milieu rural.
Dermoscopic Features of Melanocytic Nevi in Cardiofaciocutaneous and Costello Syndromes
Authors: Vaughn Alexandra R. , Meyer Summer N. , Nazir Zaeem H. , Tavernetti Jennifer , Simmons Elanee , Li Hong , Rybak Irina , Rauen Katherine A. , Marghoob Ashfaq A. , Kiuru Maija 
Published: June 2024

ImportanceSomatic variants in the RAS/MAPK pathway genes are commonly associated with melanocytic nevi and melanoma, whereas germline variants in these genes are associated with RASopathies, syndromes involving multiple organs, including the skin. Nevi counts may be higher in some RASopathies, but studies on features observed through dermoscopy are limited.ObjectiveTo determine the distinguishing dermoscopic features of melanocytic nevi and how the RAS pathway influences them by comparing nevi in patients with cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome (CFC) and Costello syndrome (CS).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this prospective cohort study, patients with CFC and CS, 2 RASopathies caused by variants in the downstream and upstream components of the RAS/MAPK pathway, were recruited from the international CFC and CS family conferences. Some patients with CFC also elected to participate in a longitudinal follow-up study.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcomes were dermoscopic features and, in the longitudinal follow-up study, nevi counts, which were recorded over time.ResultsA total of 39 patients, 16 with CFC and 23 with CS, were enrolled (overall cohort: 26 [66.7%] female; median [IQR] age, 13.0 [7.6-22.0] years). The 112 nevi overall frequently displayed an organized dermoscopic pattern (CFC, 61 [84.7%]; CS, 34 [85.0%]) rather than a disorganized pattern (CFC, 6 [8.3%]; CS, 1 [2.5%]). Of the organized nevi, homogenous brown was the most common pattern (CFC, 41 [67.2%]; CS, 22 [64.7%]), followed by reticular (CFC, 11 [18.0%]; CS, 7 [20.6%]) and globular (CFC, 9 [14.8%]; CS, 5 [14.7%]). Pigmented networks occurred in 12 nevi in CFC (16.7%) and 6 nevi in CS (15%; P &amp;gt; .99). Of these, 6 CFC-associated nevi (50%) and no CS-associated nevi had atypical networks (P = .05). Six patients with CFC in the follow-up study developed significantly more nevi within 5 years (median [IQR] increase, 24.5 [10-120] nevi; P = .04).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, the findings suggest that nevi in patients with CFC and CS commonly display organized homogenous brown dermoscopic patterns, and the number of nevi may significantly increase over time in those with CFC. A disorganized pattern and atypical networks may be more frequent in patients with CFC. Future studies are needed to determine the risk of melanoma in individuals with CFC or CS.
Performance of Large Language Models on Medical Oncology Examination Questions
Authors: Longwell Jack B. , Hirsch Ian , Binder Fernando , Gonzalez Conchas Galileo Arturo , Mau Daniel , Jang Raymond , Krishnan Rahul G. , Grant Robert C. 
Published: June 2024

ImportanceLarge language models (LLMs) recently developed an unprecedented ability to answer questions. Studies of LLMs from other fields may not generalize to medical oncology, a high-stakes clinical setting requiring rapid integration of new information.ObjectiveTo evaluate the accuracy and safety of LLM answers on medical oncology examination questions.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study was conducted between May 28 and October 11, 2023. The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Oncology Self-Assessment Series on ASCO Connection, the European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO) Examination Trial questions, and an original set of board-style medical oncology multiple-choice questions were presented to 8 LLMs.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was the percentage of correct answers. Medical oncologists evaluated the explanations provided by the best LLM for accuracy, classified the types of errors, and estimated the likelihood and extent of potential clinical harm.ResultsProprietary LLM 2 correctly answered 125 of 147 questions (85.0%; 95% CI, 78.2%-90.4%; P &amp;lt; .001 vs random answering). Proprietary LLM 2 outperformed an earlier version, proprietary LLM 1, which correctly answered 89 of 147 questions (60.5%; 95% CI, 52.2%-68.5%; P &amp;lt; .001), and the best open-source LLM, Mixtral-8x7B-v0.1, which correctly answered 87 of 147 questions (59.2%; 95% CI, 50.0%-66.4%; P &amp;lt; .001). The explanations provided by proprietary LLM 2 contained no or minor errors for 138 of 147 questions (93.9%; 95% CI, 88.7%-97.2%). Incorrect responses were most commonly associated with errors in information retrieval, particularly with recent publications, followed by erroneous reasoning and reading comprehension. If acted upon in clinical practice, 18 of 22 incorrect answers (81.8%; 95% CI, 59.7%-94.8%) would have a medium or high likelihood of moderate to severe harm.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study of the performance of LLMs on medical oncology examination questions, the best LLM answered questions with remarkable performance, although errors raised safety concerns. These results demonstrated an opportunity to develop and evaluate LLMs to improve health care clinician experiences and patient care, considering the potential impact on capabilities and safety.
Feasibility of Extended Postoperative Follow-Up in Patients With Gastric Cancer
Authors: Lee Ju-Hee , Kim Jiyeong , Choi Ji Yoon 
Published: June 2024

ImportanceConventional research and guidelines on postgastrectomy follow-up for gastric cancer often restrict their focus to the first 5 years after surgery.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association of extended regular follow-up after 5 years postgastrectomy in patients with gastric cancer with overall and postrecurrence survival rates.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis population-based, retrospective cohort study used Korean National Health Insurance claims data extracted between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2014, with follow-up data examined until December 31, 2021. Patients without recurrence or other cancers at 5 years postgastrectomy were divided into 2 groups: those who had extended regular follow-up visits and those who did not. The data were analyzed between August 15 and November 15, 2023.ExposuresRegular follow-up vs irregular follow-up after 5 years postgastrectomy.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcome was whether extended regular follow-up after 5 years postgastrectomy was independently associated with overall and postrecurrence survival rates using Cox proportional hazards regression. Postrecurrence survival rates were also compared across different follow-up methods and intervals.ResultsA total of 40 468 patients with gastric cancer were included, with 14 294 in the regular follow-up group (mean [SD] age, 61.3 [11.7] years; 9669 male [67.8%]) and 26 174 in the irregular follow-up group (mean [SD] age, 58.1 [11.1] years; 18 007 male [68.8%]). Late recurrence or gastric remnant cancer (GRC) was identified in 3138 patients (7.8%), including 1610 of 40 468 patients (4.0%) between 5 and 10 years postgastrectomy and 1528 of 16 287 (9.4%) patients after 10 years postgastrectomy. Regular follow-up was associated with a significantly decreased overall mortality rate after 5 years postgastrectomy (from 49.4% to 36.9% in 15-year mortality rate; P &amp;lt; .001), as well as significant improvement of postrecurrence survival rate after occurrence of late recurrence or GRC (from 32.7% to 71.1% in 5-year postrecurrence survival rate; P &amp;lt; .001). Comparison of follow-up methods revealed that the combination of endoscopy and abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT) (only abdominopelvic CT in total gastrectomy subgroup) yielded the highest 5-year postrecurrence survival rate (endoscopy alone vs abdominopelvic CT alone vs a combination of both, 54.5% vs 47.1% vs 74.5%, respectively). A time interval of more than 2 years between previous endoscopy or abdominopelvic CT and late recurrence and GRC diagnosis was associated with a significantly reduced postrecurrence survival rate (hazard ratio, 1.72 [95% CI, 1.45-2.04] and 1.48 [95% CI, 1.25-1.75], respectively).Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings suggest that extended regular follow-up after 5 years postgastrectomy should be implemented clinically and that current practice and value of follow-up protocols in postoperative care of patients with gastric cancer be reconsidered.
Diffusion kurtosis imaging‐based habitat analysis identifies high‐risk molecular subtypes and heterogeneity matching in diffuse gliomas
Authors: Yang Xiangli , Niu Wenju , Wu Kai , Li Xiang , Hou Heng , Tan Yan , Wang Xiaochun , Yang Guoqiang , Wang Lei , Zhang Hui 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveHigh‐risk types of diffuse gliomas in adults include isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild‐type glioblastomas and grade 4 astrocytomas. Achieving noninvasive prediction of high‐risk molecular subtypes of gliomas is important for personalized and precise diagnosis and treatment.MethodsWe retrospectively collected data from 116 patients diagnosed with adult diffuse gliomas. Multiple high‐risk molecular markers were tested, and various habitat models and whole‐tumor models were constructed based on preoperative routine and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) sequences to predict high‐risk molecular subtypes of gliomas. Feature selection and model construction utilized Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and support vector machine (SVM). Finally, the Wilcoxon rank‐sum test was employed to explore the correlation between habitat quantitative features (intra‐tumor heterogeneity score，ITH score) and heterogeneity, as well as high‐risk molecular subtypes.ResultsThe results showed that the habitat analysis model based on DKI performed remarkably well (with AUC values reaching 0.977 and 0.902 in the training and test sets, respectively). The model's performance was further enhanced when combined with clinical variables. (The AUC values were 0.994 and 0.920, respectively.) Additionally, we found a close correlation between ITH score and heterogeneity, with statistically significant differences observed between high‐risk and non‐high‐risk molecular subtypes.InterpretationThe habitat model based on DKI is an ideal means for preoperatively predicting high‐risk molecular subtypes of gliomas, holding significant value for noninvasively alerting malignant gliomas and those with malignant transformation potential.
Pd(II)‐TADF Emitters Featuring Multiple Intramolecular Noncovalent Interactions: Toward Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with EQEs up to 31.5% and Operational Half‐Lifetimes Exceeding 1600 h at 3000 cd m−2
Authors: Zhang Jingling , Song Xiu‐Fang , Xu Yulin , Yang Jian‐Gong , Zhang Yi , Miao Jingsheng , Li Kai 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe second‐row transition metal complexes have been much less exploited as emitters for organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Despite the considerable efforts to develop phosphorescent Pd(II) complexes by ligand design, the triplet excited states of Pd(II) complexes usually have very long lifetimes because of their ligand‐centered nature. Hereina panel of sandwich‐type mononuclear Pd(II) complexes is reported, namely PdDDBPZ, PdDTRZ, and PdDPYR, which exhibit strong yellow to red thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) with photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of 87–94% in doped films. The metal ion plays a perturbing role in the intraligand charge transfer excited state dynamics, giving rise to accelerated reverse intersystem crossing (RISC). Owing to the space‐confined sandwich configuration, there are multiple noncovalent interactions within the molecules, which are qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by theoretical calculations. The Pd(II) complexes show high device efficiencies with external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) up to 31.5%. The ultralow efficiency roll‐off is as low as 1% at 1000 cd m−2. The device operational stability test for PdDTRZ reveals a half‐lifetime (LT50) of 1615 h at an initial luminance of 3000 cd m−2. The leverage of metal‐promoted TADF mechanism together with intramolecular noncovalent interactions proves feasible for developing practical Pd(II)‐TADF emitters toward OLEDs.
The Key Role of Grain Boundary Dynamics in Revolutionizing the Potential of Solid Electrolytes
Authors: Wang Yangyang , Thomas Charlotte , Garman Kaitlin , Kim Hwangsun , Chen Zonghai , Chi Miaofang , Ban Chunmei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSolid electrolytes (SEs) have the potential to enhance the safety and performance of Li‐metal batteries. However, the existence of grain boundaries in polycrystalline SEs presents a significant challenge for both ionic and electronic migration, promoting the propagation of detrimental lithium dendrites. This study compares the roles of grain boundaries in electrical properties of three distinct SEs including garnet‐type Li6.5La3Zr1.5Ta0.5O12 (LLZO), argyrodite‐type Li6PS5Cl (LPSC), and NASICON‐type Li1+x+yAlx(Ti,Ge)2‐xSiyP3‐yO12 (LATP). Results demonstrate that the electronic and ionic conductivities of solid‐state electrolytes are affected differently by grain boundaries, depending on the specific type of electrolyte. For instance, LLZO and LATP experience dielectric breakdown at 3.7 and 5.3 V, respectively, while LPSC does not exhibit such behavior. Here, a new chemical modification is proposed that simultaneously alters the composition of both the surface and grain boundaries of SEs, ultimately reducing electronic conductivity for the LLZO SEs. Consequently, the proposed LLZO exhibits unprecedented dendrite‐free cycling stability, achieving a remarkable 12 000‐h lifetime at room temperature, surpassing conventional strategies such as surface coatings in dendrite mitigation. This study highlights the significance of modifying grain boundaries to design safe and durable Li‐metal batteries. It provides new insights for developing SEs that are highly resistant to dendrite formation.
Gate‐Switchable BST Ferroelectric MoS2 FETs for Non‐Volatile Digital Memory and Analog Memristor
Authors: Tan Chao , Wu Haijuan , Zhao Minmin , Jili Xiaobing , Yang Lei , Gao Libin , Wang Zegao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTo overcome the von Neumann bottleneck between memory and computing, the novel architectures with computing in‐memory are paid much attention and expected to be compatible with digital logic computing and/or analog brain‐inspired neuromorphic computing. Herein, by combining the Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 (BST) ferroelectric film and MoS2 layered semiconductor, a non‐volatile memory is constructed, which deliver the gate‐switchable function between the digital and analog functionality modes. The on/off ratio, subthreshold swing, and carrier mobility of MoS2/BST ferroelectric field‐effect transistor (FeFET) are 4.95×106, 68 mV dec−1, and 16.7 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively. By a small electrical stimulation, the device demonstrates remarkable non‐volatile memory properties, including robust long‐term retention of ≈3000 s, superior endurance over 34 000 cycles, low operating energy at ≈0.3 pJ per spike. By a large electrical stress, it exhibits well memristive behavior and gating history dependent accumulation/diminution effect, which is attributed to the charge dynamic trapping/de‐trapping activation at the MoS2/BST interface. Following the historic memory behaviors, a cryptosystem is developed with auto‐generated reading log which is tamper‐resistant at hardware level. Moreover, the synaptic functions are realized on the device such as the short‐term potentiation/depression and gating‐depending synaptic plasticity. This study shows the opportunities of multi‐functionalities integration in a single FeFET device.
Remote‐Controllable Lateral Electropolymerization of Conducting Polymers via Dual‐Electrode ADC‐Bipolar Electrochemistry
Authors: Lee Jiyun , Yoon Tae Woong , Chung Sein , Cho Kilwon , Zhang Guobing , Kang Boseok 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe electrolysis of aromatic molecules is a useful method for the synthesis and deposition of conducting polymers. However, this method cannot be applied to diverse large‐area electronic devices because films grow vertically on the surface of an electrically connected working electrode. Herein, the remote‐controllable lateral electropolymerization of 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene using direct‐current voltage superimposed alternating‐current voltage (ADC)‐bipolar electrochemistry is reported. The use of shape‐designed dual bipolar electrodes and systematic optimization of the process parameters led to the fabrication of uniform poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) films on 2‐inch glass wafers and flexible plastic substrates. The oxidation levels and microstructures of ADC‐electropolymerized PEDOTs with various supporting electrolytes are investigated and correlated with their thermoelectric properties. A soft thermocouple and resistive‐type gas sensor based on an ADC‐electrodeposited PEDOT are demonstrated to monitor cerebral temperature in a brain replica and to sense nitrogen dioxide gas, respectively.
Fouling Release Mechanism of an Octopus‐Inspired Smart Skin
Authors: Mamman Rabiu Onoruoiza , Johnson Tatum , Weerakkody Thilina , Lamuta Caterina 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis work proposes an octopus‐inspired smart skin for fouling release. The skin consists of twisted spiral artificial muscles (TSAMs) embedded between two layers of elastomer. Upon electro‐thermal actuation, TSAMs undergo vertical displacement (similarly to octopus’ papillae dermal muscles) and mechanically deform the top layer of the skin where the biofilm is attached. The release is achieved by generating a critical strain on the skin's top layer. In this paper, a physics‐based mechanical model is proposed to describe the fouling release mechanism of the smart skin. The model relates the critical strain to the mechanical properties of the biofilm, as well as the mechanical and electro‐thermal properties of the TSAMs. The model is experimentally validated, and a robust controller is implemented to achieve the desired critical strain and then perform release for two different types of biofilms: bacterial‐based Escherichia coli and diatom‐based Amphora coffeaeformis.
Covalently Merging Ionic Liquids and Conjugated Polymers: A Molecular Design Strategy for Green Solvent‐Processable Mixed Ion–Electron Conductors Toward High‐Performing Chemical Sensors
Authors: Lee Junwoo , Shin Joonchul , An Jung‐Won , He Jiawei , Jang Ji‐Soo , Zhong Mingjiang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPolymeric mixed ionic–electronic conductors hold great potential for advancing high‐performance organic electronics due to their exceptional electrical conductivity achieved through ion–electron coupling. However, the widespread adoption of these conductors faces obstacles due to their reliance on environmentally harmful solvents during processing and the potential performance degradation under various conditions. In this study, a practical solution to these challenges is proposed by incorporating monomers with ionic liquid‐behaving pendant groups into conjugated polymers. The copolymerization of these charged monomers not only improves solubility in environmentally friendly solvents but also imparts long‐term stability against humidity, high temperatures, and mechanical deformation. The immobilized ion species foster highly selective interactions of these polymers with nitrogen dioxide, paving the way for the development of stretchable sensing devices capable of functioning at exceptionally high temperatures.
Octahedral Nanocrystals of Ru‐Doped PtFeNiCuW/CNTs High‐Entropy Alloy: High Performance Toward pH‐Universal Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Wang Chaohui , Zhang Jun , Miao Kanghua , Long Mairui , Lai Siyuan , Zhao Shijun , Kang Xiongwu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntegrating high‐entropy philosophy and nanocrystal‐specific orientation into a single catalyst represents a promising strategy in development of high‐performance catalysts. Nonetheless, shape‐controlled synthesis of high‐entropy alloy (HEA) nanocrystals is challenging owing to the distinct redox potentials and growth dynamics of metal elements. Herein, a one‐pot co‐reduction method is developed to fabricate ruthenium (Ru)‐doped PtFeNiCuW octahedral HEA nanocrystals onto carbon nanotubes (Ru–PtFeNiCuW/CNTs). It is demonstrated that Ru dopants and W(CO)6 promote the concurrent reduction and growth of other metal precursors to obtain higher yield and larger size of HEA nanocrystals, despite low Ru content in Ru–PtFeNiCuW/CNTs. As an electrocatalyst toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), Ru–PtFeNiCuW/CNTs exhibits low overpotentials of 9, 16, and 34 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and Tafel slopes of 19.2, 27.9, and 23.1 mV dec−1 in acidic, alkaline, and neutral electrolytes, respectively. As a cathodic catalyst, Ru–PtFeNiCuW/CNTs operates for up to 1500 and 1200 h in acidic and alkaline electrolyte, respectively, at a current density of 50 mA cm−2 in a two‐electrode system for full water splitting. Theoretical calculations reveal accelerated kinetics of H2O dissociation on W sites and *H desorption on hollow Cu–Cu–Cu and Cu–Cu–Pt sites.