bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Pairwise Variability Index and Coexisting Rhythms in Language
Authors: Nolan Francis , Asu Eva Liina 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
The Pairwise Variability Index (PVI) has been widely used as a metric for quan-tifying rhythm in languages, often with a view to placing them on a continuum between notional categories of stress-timing and syllable-timing. We review the history of and rationale for the PVI, and point out three potential anomalies in the way the PVI has been applied. Following up one of these we apply the PVI to the level of the foot, and argue that stress-timing and syllable-timing are not points at either end of a continuum but orthogonal dimensions, so that a language can be (for instance) both syllable-timed and stress-timed. Results from Estonian, English, Mexican Spanish, and Castilian Spanish are presented which give some support for this view.
F₀-Based Rhythm Effects on the Perception of Local Syllable Prominence
Authors: Niebuhr Oliver 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
A perception experiment shows for German that different global, F₀-based speech rhythms in the context section of stimuli influence the local prominence position in the target section. This effect may be conceptualized as a perceptual adjustment of the syllables in the target section to the ones of the global rhythmic context with regard to both the prominence and the F₀ patterns. Two conclusions were drawn on this basis. First, listeners use speech rhythm to predict the perceptual properties of syllables, which is in line with the guide function that speech rhythm is assumed to have in German and other Western Germanic languages. Secondly, speech rhythm is a perceptual phenomenon, generated by a cyclic construction process that involves repetitive patterns in multiple dimensions. Thus, although speech rhythm is initiated by changes in acoustic parameters, it cannot be soaked up by acoustic measurements, especially, if these measurements refer to duration alone.
On the Possible Role of Brain Rhythms in Speech Perception: Intelligibility of Time-Compressed Speech with Periodic and Aperiodic Insertions of Silence
Authors: Ghitza Oded , Greenberg Steven 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
This study was motivated by the prospective role played by brain rhythms in speech perception. The intelligibility – in terms of word error rate – of natural-sounding, synthetically generated sentences was measured using a paradigm that alters speech-energy rhythm over a range of frequencies. The material com-prised 96 semantically unpredictable sentences, each approximately 2 s long (6–8 words per sentence), generated by a high-quality text-to-speech (TTS) synthesis engine. The TTS waveform was time-compressed by a factor of 3, creating a signal with a syllable rhythm three times faster than the original, and whose intel-ligibility is poor (<50% words correct). A waveform with an artificial rhythm was produced by automatically segmenting the time-compressed waveform into consecutive 40-ms fragments, each followed by a silent interval. The parameters varied were the length of the silent interval (0–160 ms) and whether the lengths of silence were equal (‘periodic’) or not (‘aperiodic’). The performance curve (word error rate as a function of mean duration of silence) was U-shaped. The lowest word error rate (i.e., highest intelligibility) occurred when the silence was 80 ms long and inserted periodically. This is also the condition for which word error rate increased when the silence was inserted aperiodically. These data are consistent with a model (TEMPO) in which low-frequency brain rhythms affect the ability to decode the speech signal. In TEMPO, optimum intelligibility is achieved when the syllable rhythm is within the range of the high theta-frequency brain rhythms (6–12 Hz), comparable to the rate at which segments and syllables are articulated in conversational speech.
Karl Barth, a Public Theologian? The One Word and Theological 'Bilinguality'
Authors: Harasta Eva 
Published: April 2009

AbstractOn first glance, Karl Barth seems an unlikely witness for public theological 'bilinguality'. Yet he off ers substantial clarifi cation for theology's double responsibility within the context of the church and within the context of its contemporary public(s), especially in his lecture ' e Christian Community and the Civil Community'. Barth there develops a sophisticated interpretation of bilinguality avant la lettre. He proposes that the civil community and the Christian community are two diff erent analogies for the eschatological kingdom of Christ. Each of the two has its own way of testifying to Christ. The church needs to respect the autonomy of the civil sphere in its proclamation. us emerges a clear notion of the two languages intended by the concept of bilinguality. The secular and the ecclesial proclamation of Christ complement each other.
The Dignity of the Old: Towards a Global Ethic of Ageing
Authors: de Lange Frits 
Published: April 2009

AbstractHow does globalization aff ect the lives of older people? Developments in demography show that the world population is rapidly getting older, and not only in affluent societies. Politically, economically, socially and culturally, the elderly are in a vulnerable position. Is a global ethical response possible? Christian theology should actively support the human rights discourse that pleads for non-discrimination of the elderly in society. Yet, a human rights ethic is unable to account for the stages of life and the specific role of the elderly within communities; these are highlighted within more communitarian approaches. Communitarianism however, has its limitations as well. A global ethic of ageing should not fix the elderly within closed traditions and communities; rather, it requires openness towards other cultures and ways of life. 'Dialogical contextualism' should be the method, and its main question should be: can people globally learn from one another about how to live in dignity into old age? is article concludes with some European refl ections on the dignity of older persons, in which a hermeneutic of the concept of human dignity and empirical findings are brought together. The results may function as an impulse for further intercultural conversation on a global scale.
Corporate Social Responsibility and Gender Justice in South Africa
Authors: Le Bruyns Clint 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis article critically explores the extent to which corporate social responsibility in South Africa contributes to the quest for gender justice in the world of economy. It fi nds that business has avoided the notion of responsibility in favour of investment and philanthropy, and that meaningful and constructive approaches to gender ideals have not as a result been forthcoming. e article argues for a renewed understanding of and commitment to responsibility with special attention given to underlying perspectives impeding this approach, but sees much promise in the role that churches with their theology and partners could fulfil in assisting the public discourse on women's human dignity, equality and freedom amidst various economic challenges.
Review Article: Public Theology for the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Hogan Linda 
Published: April 2009

AbstractDuncan Forrester is a forefather of the current interest in and debate on public theology. The volume under review here bears witness to the significance of his thought and the range of scholars who are engaged with his work. The contributors to the volume critically examine the legacy of modernity and the direction of future public theology in relation to a variety of specific social and political circumstances. While the passage of time may require a new edition responding to the changing socio-political climate, this volume will remain a valuable resource for all those engaged in public theology.
Review Article: God and Globalization
Authors: Sebastian J. Jayakiran 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe fourth and final volume in Max Stackhouse series on 'God and Globalization' invites to consider more deeply the realities of globalization. In particular, questions of imperialism and post-colonialism are related to questions concerning the place given to religion and faith by nation-states. China and India, while both experiencing rapidly changing economies, have diverse approaches to the role of religion in the public sphere. Globalization forces 'the west' to engage with the differing economic and religious circumstances of 'the east', and to reconsider the appropriateness of Christian mission in the face of the plurality of faiths and their competing truth claims.
Responses to My IJPT Reviewers
Authors: Stackhouse Max 
Published: April 2009

AbstractGlobalization has many dimensions and there are diverse perspectives on it. e contributors to the first three volumes of God and Globalization are a testament to the range of scholarly engagement with key dimensions of globalization. e aim of these essays and the structure of their presentation is to lay the foundations for comprehensive theological interaction with globalization. While the review of volume 1 highlights the issue of glocal and local interaction with the global; volume two's reviewer draws attention to the often neglected religious (Christian) infl uences at work in a variety of professional and scholarly spheres of action shaping global developments. Volume 3 raises questions of the universal and the particular in religious studies and the ways that the world religions are shaping or responding to globalization, opening the way for inter-religious dialogue. is leads to the forth volume which asks what Christian theology and ethics specifi cally have to off er to the interpretation and guidance of these global developments. All four reviews are responded to here and the challenge to tease out a public theology and its mission appropriate for our globalizing era is re-asserted.
The Soviet Discourse on the Origin and Class Character of Islam, 1923-1933
Authors: Kemper Michael 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe article examines the growing radicalization of the Marxist anti-Islamic discourse in the USSR as a case-study of "Soviet Orientalism". To which of Marx's five socio-economic formations should Muslim society be assigned? During the relatively pluralistic period of the New Economic Policy (1921-1927) Marxist scholars offered various answers. Many argued that Islam emerged from the trading community of Mecca and was trade-capitalist by nature (M. Reisner, E. Beliaev, L. Klimovich). Others held that Islam reflected the interests of the agriculturalists of Medina (M. Tomara), or of the Bedouin nomads (V. Ditiakin, S. Asfendiarov); and some even detected communist elements in Islam (Z. and D. Navshirvanov). All authors found support in the Qur'ān and works of Western Orientalists. By the late 1920s Marx' and Engels' scattered statements on Islam became central in the discourse, and in 1930 Liutsian Klimovich rejected the Qur'ān altogether by arguing that the book, as well as Muhammad himself, were mere inventions of later times. By the end of the Cultural Revolution (1929-1931) it was finally "established" that Islam was "feudal" in character, and critical studies of Islam became impossible for decades. The "feudal" interpretation legitimized the Soviet attack on Islam and Muslim societies at that time; but also many of the Marxist writers on Islam perished in Stalin's Terror. We suggest that the harsh polemics the authors directed against each other in the discourse contributed to their later repression. By lending itself to the interests of the totalitarian state, Soviet Marxist Islamology committed suicide—the ultimate form of "Orientalism".
Salafism Revived: Nu'mān al-Alūsī and the Trial of Two Ahmads
Authors: Nafi Basheer M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn 1298/1881, the Iraqi scholar Nu'mān al-Alūsī published his Jalā' al-'aynayn fī muhākamat al-Ahmadayn, one of the most astute tracts to be written in defense of the fourteenth-century Hanbalī scholar, Ibn Taymiyya. This article attempts to read into the significance of Jalā' al-'aynayn by studying the life and educational environment of its author, the subject matter of the book, the format in which it appeared, and the circumstances of its publishing. There is little doubt that Jalā' al-'aynayn is a founding text in the emergence of modern Salafiyya in major Arab urban centers. Considering the contribution of the Wahhābī movement to the revival of Salafī Islam, one of the aims of this article is to look into the variant expressions of modern Salafiyya. An important aspect of the impact of Nu'mān al-Alūsī's work is related to the way he treated his subject matter, reconstituting the legacy of Ibn Taymiyya in the Muslims' imagination of their traditions. The other, was the publishing of Jalā' al-'aynayn in print. In the following decades, the ecology of Islamic culture would be transformed at a dramatic pace. But two things would not lose their value for the Salafī circles of modern Islam, the referential position of Ibn Taymiyya and the power of the printing-press.
Whither Pentecostal Theology? Why a Catholic is Interested
Authors: Del Colle Ralph 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe essay explores the future direction of Pentecostal theology by posing a dialogue question that emerges in the conversation between Catholics and Pentecostals. This concerns the "supernatural" character of grace as understood and experienced in both traditions. How is this character preserved as it engages all dimensions of our humanity? Two aspects of this affirmation are explored. First, grace perfects all aspects of human nature including human agency, thus our common emphasis on transformation and Christian perfection. Second, the Church's mission ad extra embraces its witness in the secular realm in the arenas of culture, justice, peace, and the integrity of creation. The challenge to both traditions is how to preserve the supernatural gratuity of grace as the church enacts this mission in the transit from church to world.
The Manila Healing Revival and the First Pentecostal Defections in the Methodist Church in the Philippines
Authors: Oconer Luther Jeremiah 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis article examines the arrival of the worldwide healing revival movement in Manila in the mid-1950s and its role in the first Pentecostal defections in the Methodist Church in the Philippines. It seeks to answer why, despite the presence of other Protestant denominations in Manila at that time, Philippine Methodism became a fertile seedbed for divine healing revivalism, I argue that Methodists' conspicuous participation in the healing revivals was part of a larger Holiness revival impulse that had pervaded their denomination decades earlier, when pneumatological language or, most specifically, emphasis on the baptism of the Holy Spirit was the central motif. Thus, the turn of Filipino Methodist schismatics to divine healing and eventually Pentecostalism did not emerge in a vacuum, but can be seen as a trajectory reminiscent of the birth of the modern Pentecostal Movement.
Legal Recognition for Child-Headed Households: An Evaluation of the Emerging South African Framework
Authors: Zaal F. Noel , Couzens Meda 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis article evaluates legislation developed in South Africa for the legal recognition and support of child-headed households. It provides an explanation and critical analysis of new statutory provisions. We show that in a developing country with AIDS pandemic challenges and limited resources such as South Africa reasons in favour of formal legal recognition outweigh those against. We demonstrate, however, that in order to meet the best interests standard it is essential to base recognition on household viability. Our analysis indicates that, although the South African provisions are groundbreaking and of considerable value as an example for other countries, there are some deficiencies which may compromise their effectiveness. Amendments and supplementary wording are proposed.
Forming Partnerships: The Human Rights of Children in Need of Care and Protection
Authors: Bessell Sharon , Gal Tali 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe care and protection of children experiencing or considered to be at risk of abuse or neglect within their families is a major policy dilemma. Children in the care and protection system do not fare well on a range of indictors, when compared to the overall population. In recent years there have been significant changes in policies and support for children in out of home care, including the adoption of the language of rights. Nevertheless, the care and protection of children who enter the system bearing that name is often dubbed one of social policy's 'wicked problems'. This paper synthesises concepts of human rights, children's needs and citizenship as a basis for redefining policy and services for children in out-of-home care. We suggest that improved support for children in out of home care requires the recognition of children as partners.
The Ethics of Involving Children Who Have Been Abused in Child Abuse Research
Authors: Goddard Chris , Mudaly Neerosh 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIs it ethical for children to experience pain or sadness when talking about their experiences of abuse for purposes of research? Can they be re-traumatised by this experience? How can confidentiality be guaranteed if there are concerns about current abuse? These are some of the ethical questions that arise when children who have been abused are involved in research. Yet it is also recognised that children have a right to be involved in research. The critical dilemma is how to balance the welfare rights of children to be protected from any possible exploitation, trauma and harm with their right to be consulted and heard about matters that affect them. The difficulty in resolving this conflict may be one reason that current literature on this subject is still limited, and because such research places researchers 'in a minefield of ethical dilemmas' (Runyan, 2000: 676).This paper critically explores the ethical issues encountered in a study which encouraged children and young people who had been abused to speak for themselves about their experiences of victimisation. The authors discuss the ethical dilemmas that were encountered and how these were addressed in the context of children's rights. The authors argue that while serious ethical difficulties arise in this type of research, strategies which empower and promote children's informed participation, and minimise risks, are possible. The article presents the voices of children wherever relevant.
Replication of the Range of Native Anterior Cruciate Ligament Fiber Length Change Behavior Achieved by Different Grafts
Authors: Robinson James , Cody Stanford Fatima , Kendoff Daniel , Stüber Volker , Pearle Andrew D. 
Published: April 2009

Background The native anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) does not behave as a simple bundle of fibers with constant tension but as a continuum of ligament fibers with differential length change during knee flexion/extension. Computer-assisted navigation can be used to assess length change in different fibers within the native ACL and to evaluate how different reconstruction grafts replicate the range of native ligament fiber length change behavior. Hypothesis Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction graft size and configuration (single- vs double-bundle) are deciding factors as to how much of the native ACL fiber length change behavior is replicated. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods The fiber length change behavior of the entire native ACL was assessed by measuring the length change pattern of representative anteromedial (AM) and posterolateral (PL) bundle fibers (1 at the center and 4 at the periphery of each bundle). The tibial and femoral ACL attachment areas in 5 fresh-frozen cadaveric knees were digitized, and the length change of each representative fiber was recorded during knee flexion/extension using an image-free, optical navigation system. Subsequently, single-bundle ACL reconstructions of different diameters (6, 9, and 12 mm) positioned at the center of the overall native femoral and tibial attachment sites were modeled to assess how much of the range of ligament fiber length change of the native ligament was captured. This was compared with a double-bundle graft using 6-mm-diameter AM and PL grafts positioned at the centers of the femoral and tibial attachment sites of each separate bundle. Results The 6-, 9-, and 12-mm single-bundle grafts simulated 32%, 51%, and 66% of the ligament fiber length change behavior of the native ACL, respectively. The length change patterns in these grafts were similar to the central fibers of the native ACL: the PL fibers of the AM bundle and AM fibers of the PL bundle. However, even a 12-mm graft did not represent the most AM and PL native fibers. The 6-mm AM and PL bundle grafts (equivalent in cross-sectional area to a 9-mm single-bundle graft) simulated 71% of the native ACL and better captured the extremes of the range of native ligament fiber length change. Conclusion Increasing single-bundle graft size appears to capture more of the range of native ACL fiber length change. However, for a similar graft cross-sectional area, a 2-bundle graft simulates the length change behavior of the native ligament more precisely and thus may better emulate the synergistic actions of anisometric and isometric fibers of the native ligament in restraining knee laxity throughout the range of flexion. Clinical Relevance The range of native ACL fiber length change behavior is better replicated by larger diameter grafts but may be best reproduced by double-bundle reconstruction.
Phase 3 study of dasatinib 140 mg once daily versus 70 mg twice daily in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in accelerated phase resistant or intolerant to imatinib: 15-month median follow-up
Authors: Kantarjian Hagop , Cortes Jorge , Kim Dong-Wook , Dorlhiac-Llacer Pedro , Pasquini Ricardo , DiPersio John , Müller Martin C. , Radich Jerald P. , Khoury H. Jean , Khoroshko Nina , Bradley-Garelik M. Brigid , Zhu Chao , Tallman Martin S. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Dasatinib is the most potent BCR-ABL inhibitor, with 325-fold higher potency than imatinib against unmutated BCR-ABL in vitro. Studies have demonstrated the benefits of dasatinib 70 mg twice daily in patients with accelerated-phase chronic myeloid leukemia intolerant or resistant to imatinib. A phase 3 study compared the efficacy and safety of dasatinib 140 mg once daily with the current twice-daily regimen. Here, results from the subgroup with accelerated-phase chronic myeloid leukemia (n = 317) with a median follow-up of 15 months (treatment duration, 0.03-31.15 months) are reported. Among patients randomized to once-daily (n = 158) or twice-daily (n = 159) treatment, rates of major hematologic and cytogenetic responses were comparable (major hematologic response, 66% vs 68%; major cytogenetic response, 39% vs 43%, respectively). Estimated progression-free survival rates at 24 months were 51% and 55%, whereas overall survival rates were 63% versus 72%. Once-daily treatment was associated with an improved safety profile. In particular, significantly fewer patients in the once-daily group experienced a pleural effusion (all grades, 20% vs 39% P < .001). These results demonstrate that dasatinib 140 mg once daily has similar efficacy to dasatinib 70 mg twice daily but with an improved safety profile. This trial is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #CA180-035.