bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of short glass fiber reinforcement on the morphology development and mechanical properties of PET/HDPE blends
Authors: Ronkay Ferenc 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPoly(ethylene‐terephthalate) (PET)—high density polyethylene (HDPE) blends with varying component ratios and with or without short glass fiber reinforcement (10 gv%) were prepared. The morphology of the blends was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy. The interfacial shear strength between PET and HDPE as well as between the polymers and the glass fiber was determined with microbond testing. The static mechanical properties were defined with tensile tests and Charpy impact tests, while the dynamic mechanical properties with DMTA. In blends that do not contain glass fibers, the co‐continuous structure formed in the vicinity of phase inversion increased both the static tensile modulus as well as the impact strength compared to the mechanical properties of polymers. Based on the observations simple morphological models were set up, with the help of which the change in the mechanical properties of blends of different composition can be explained. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Synthesis and characterization of well‐defined lactic acid–PEG cooligomers and its tricarbonyl rhenium conjugates
Authors: Zhu Hua , Xu Xiaoping , Cui Wei , Zhang Yuanqing , Mo Huaping , Shen Yu‐Mei 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis article describes the synthesis and characterization of hydroxyl tailored, molecularly defined biodegradable cooligomers capable of chelating rhenium for potential radiopharmaceuticals. New insights were gained during the synthesis of lactide based on dimethylaminopyridine‐catalyzed transesterification. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Effects of substituted side‐chain position on donor–acceptor conjugated copolymers
Authors: Lee Sang Kyu , Cho Shinuk , Tong Minghong , Hwa Seo Jung , Heeger Alan J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe optical properties and electrical properties of a series of low‐band‐gap conjugated copolymers, in which alkyl side chains were substituted at various positions, were investigated using donor–acceptor conjugated copolymers consisting of a cyclopentadithiophene derivative and dithienyl‐benzothiadiazole. With substituted side chains, the intrinsic properties of the copolymers were significantly altered by perturbations of the intramolecular charge transfer. The absorption of poly[2, 6‐(4,4‐bis(2‐octyl)‐4H‐cyclopenta‐[2,1‐b:3,4‐b′]dithiophene)‐alt‐4, 7‐bis(4‐octyl‐thiophene‐2‐yl)benzo‐2,1,3‐thiadiazole] [PCPDT‐ttOTBTOT (P2)], which assumed a tail–tail configuration, tended to blue shift relative to the absorption of poly[2,6‐(4,4‐bis(2‐octyl)‐4H‐cyclopenta‐[2,1‐b:3,4‐b′]dithiophene)‐alt‐4,7‐bis (thiophene‐2‐yl)benzo‐2,1,3‐thiadiazole] [PCPDT‐TBTT (P1)]. The absorption of poly[2,6‐(4,4‐bis(2‐octyl)‐4H‐cyclopenta‐[2,1‐b:3, 4‐b′]dithiophene)‐alt‐4,7‐bis(3‐octyl‐thiophene‐2‐yl)benzo‐2,1,3‐thiadiazole] [PCPDT‐hhOTBTOT (P3)], which assumed a head–head configuration, was blue shifted relative to that of P2. The electrical transport properties of field‐effect transistors were sensitive to the side chain position. The field‐effect mobility in P2 (μ2 = 1.8 × 10−3 cm2/V s) was slightly lower than that in P1 (μ1 = 4.9 × 10−3 cm2/V s). However, the mobility of P3 was very low (μ3 = 3.8 × 10−6 cm2/V s). Photoexcitation spectroscopy showed that the charge generation efficiency (shown in transient absorption spectra) and polaron pair mobility in P1 and P2 were higher than in P3, yielding P1 and P2 device performances that were better than the performance of devices based on P3. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Thermoresponsive star triblock copolymers by combination of ROP and ATRP: From micelles to hydrogels
Authors: Zhu Weipu , Nese Alper , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof 
Published: March 2011

AbstractNovel biocompatible, biodegradable, four‐arm star, triblock copolymers containing a hydrophobic poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) segment, a hydrophilic poly(oligo(ethylene oxide)475 methacrylate) (POEOMA475) segment and a thermoresponsive poly(di(ethylene oxide) methyl ether methacrylate) (PMEO2MA) segment were synthesized by a combination of controlled ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). First, a four‐arm PCL macroinitiator [(PCL‐Br)4] for ATRP was synthesized by the ROP of ε‐caprolactone (CL) catalyzed by stannous octoate in the presence of pentaerythritol as the tetrafunctional initiator followed by esterification with 2‐bromoisobutyryl bromide. Then, sequential ATRP of oligo(ethylene oxide) methacrylate (OEOMA475, Mn = 475) and di(ethylene oxide) methyl ether methacrylate) (MEO2MA) were carried out using the (PCL‐Br)4 tetrafunctional macroinitiator, in different sequence, resulting in preparation of (PCL‐b‐POEOMA475‐b‐PMEO2MA)4 and (PCL‐b‐PMEO2MA‐b‐POEOMA475)4 star triblock copolymers. These amphiphilic copolymers can self‐assemble into spherical micelles in aqueous solution at room temperature. The thermal responses of the polymeric micelles were investigated by dynamic light scattering and ultraviolet spectrometer. The properties of the two series of copolymers are quite different and depend on the sequence distribution of each block along the arms of the star. The (PCL‐b‐POEOMA475‐b‐PMEO2MA)4 star copolymer, with the thermoresponsive PMEO2MA segment on the periphery, can undergo reversible sol‐gel transitions between room temperature (22 °C) and human body temperature (37 °C). © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Chain transfer to solvent in the radical polymerization of N‐isopropylacrylamide
Authors: Sugihara Yusuke , O'connor Padraig , Zetterlund Per B. , Aldabbagh Fawaz 
Published: March 2011

AbstractChain transfer to solvent has been investigated in the conventional radical polymerization and nitroxide‐mediated radical polymerization (NMP) of N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) in N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) at 120 °C. The extent of chain transfer to DMF can significantly impact the maximum attainable molecular weight in both systems. Based on a theoretical treatment, it has been shown that the same value of chain transfer to solvent constant, Ctr,S, in DMF at 120 °C (within experimental error) can account for experimental molecular weight data for both conventional radical polymerization and NMP under conditions where chain transfer to solvent is a significant end‐forming event. In NMP (and other controlled/living radical polymerization systems), chain transfer to solvent is manifested as the number‐average molecular weight (Mn) going through a maximum value with increasing monomer conversion. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Synthesis of networked polymers by copolymerization of monoepoxy‐substituted lithium sulfonylimide and diepoxy‐substituted poly(ethylene glycol), and their properties
Authors: Matsumoto Kozo , Endo Takeshi 
Published: March 2011

AbstractNetworked polymers that had poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chains and lithium sulfonylimide salt structures were prepared by curing a mixture of poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether and lithium 3‐glycidyloxypropanesulfonyl‐trifluoromethanesulfonylimide with poly(ethylene glycol) bis(3‐aminopropyl) terminated. The obtained flexible self‐standing networked polymer films showed high thermal and mechanical stability with relatively high ionic conductivity. The room temperature ionic conductivity under a dry condition was in the range of 10−5 ∼ 10−4 S m−1, which is one order of magnitude higher than the corresponding networked polymers having lithium sulfonate salt structures (10−6 ∼ 10−5 S m−1). The film sample became swollen by immersing in propylene carbonate (PC) or PC solution of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI). The sample swollen in PC showed higher ionic conductivity (7.2 × 10−3 S m−1 at room temperature), and the sample swollen in 1.0 M LiTFSI/PC showed much higher ionic conductivity (8.2 × 10−1 S m−1 at room temperature). © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Synthesis of amphiphilic copolymer having acid‐labile bicyclo bisoxazolidine in the side chain for controlled release of fragrance aldehyde
Authors: Wang Yanmei , Morinaga Hisatoyo , Sudo Atsushi , Endo Takeshi 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA metharylate monomer having an octanal‐derived bicyclo bisoxazolidine (BBOX) moiety was synthesized and was radically copolymerized with a methacrylate having a hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) chain to obtain an amphiphilic copolymer having the BBOX moieties as hydrophobic side chains. The BBOX moieties were stable for 7 days at pH 7.0, whereas they were gradually hydrolyze at pH 5.0 to release octanal continuously for 7 days, confirming the potential applicability of the copolymer to a polymeric pro‐fragrance that can release aldehyde‐type fragrance molecules slowly for a long period. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Solution, thermal and optical properties of new poly(pyridinium salt)s derived from conjugated quinoline diamines
Authors: Nedeltchev Alexi K. , Han Haesook , Bhowmik Pradip K. , Ma Longzhou 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSeveral new poly(pyridinium salt)s with quinoline diamine moieties in their backbones with tosylate and triflimide counterion were prepared by either a ring‐transmutation polymerization reaction with bis(pyrylium tosylate) with a series of isomeric quinoline diamines in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for 48 h at 130–140 °C or a metathesis reaction of the tosylate polymers with lithium triflimide in DMSO at about 60 °C. Their chemical structures were confirmed by FTIR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. Their number‐average molecular weights (Mn) were in the range of 18,000–58,000, and their polydispersities were in the range of 1.12–1.53 as determined by gel permeation chromatography. They had thermal stability in the temperature range of 353–455 °C and glass‐transition temperatures >240 °C. They had good solubility in common organic solvents and were characterized with polarizing optical microscopy (POM) studies for their lyotropic liquid‐crystalline properties. Their light‐emission properties were examined by spectrofluorometry in both the solution and film states. Their quantum yields were also determined. Additionally, their morphologies in the thin‐film states and melt‐drawn fibers were examined with POM, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy techniques. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Sugar‐based hydrophilic polyurethanes and polyureas
Authors: Begines Belén , Zamora Francisca , Roffé Isaac , Mancera Manuel , Galbis Juan A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractNovel linear homogeneous polyurethanes and polyureas with enhanced hydrophilic character have been successfully prepared from sugar‐based monomers having their hydroxyl groups free or partially protected. By the reaction of primary hydroxyl groups of xylitol with dimethyl hexamethylene dicarbamate (HMDC) or di‐tert‐butyl‐4,4′‐diphenyl methyl dicarbamate (MDC), two new linear semicrystalline polyurethanes [PU(X‐HMDC) and PU(X‐MDC)] have been prepared. Likewise, by the reaction of xylitol with the analogous diisocyanates hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI) or 4,4′‐methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate) (MDI), similar polyurethanes [PU(X‐HMDI) and PU(X‐MDI)] were obtained. However, these latter polyurethanes present some degree of crosslinking because of the higher reactivity of the diisocyanate comonomers. Linear hydrophilic polyureas having free hydroxyl groups joined to the main chain have also been prepared by the reaction of the same diisocyanates (HMDI and MDI) with 1,6‐diamino‐1,6‐dideoxy‐D‐mannitol and 1,6‐diamino‐1,6‐dideoxy‐3:4‐O‐isopropylidene‐D‐mannitol. As far as we are aware, this kind of polyhydroxylated polyurea has not been previously described in the literature. The new polymers were characterized by standard methods (elemental analyses, gel permeation chromatography, IR, and NMR). The polyurethanes were hydrolytically degradable under physiological conditions, in contrast with less‐hydrophilic linear polyurethanes previously described. The thermal properties of the novel polymers were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Synthesis, characterization and properties of multifunctional poly(arylene ether nitriles) (PEN)/CNTs/Fe3O4 nanocomposites
Authors: Zhan Yingqing , Meng Fanbin , Yang Xulin , Lei Yajie , Zhao Rui , Liu Xiaobo 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn this study, a novel multifunctional poly(arylene ether nitriles)(PEN)/carbon nanotubes/Fe3O4 nanocomposite with high tensile strength, magnetic, and electrical properties was investigated. First, we synthesized the monodisperse Fe3O4 nanoparticles on the surface of the multiwalled carbon nanotubes and then the hybrid material was compounded with PEN through the solution‐casting method. The SEM and TEM images indicated that the monodisperse Fe3O4 nanoparticles, with the diameters of 70∼80 nm, were self‐assembled along CNTs via the covalent bond method, which was confirmed by FTIR and XRD. The results of tensile properties showed that the tensile strength and modulus reached their highest values at the CNTs/Fe3O4 loading content of 1 wt % and both were greatly enhanced after heat treatment. Electrical conductivity of the polymer was dramatically enhanced at the low loading level of CNTs/Fe3O4; the electrical percolation of was in the range of 5∼8 wt % of CNTs/Fe3O4. The magnetic study showed that the saturation magnetization (Ms) of PEN/CNTs/Fe3O4 nanocomposites increased with the increase of CNTs/Fe3O4 loading content, and the coercive force (Hc) of the nanocomposite was independent of the CNTs/Fe3O4 content. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2011
The ToT Study: Helping with Touch or Talk (ToT): a pilot randomised controlled trial to examine the clinical effectiveness of aromatherapy massage versus cognitive behaviour therapy for emotional distress in patients in cancer/palliative care
Authors: Serfaty M. , Wilkinson S. , Freeman C. , Mannix K. , King M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractDistress associated with cancer often presents with symptoms of depression and/or anxiety. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) is one of the most effective psychological treatments. Complementary therapies, especially aromatherapy massage (AM), are also popular and alleviate anxiety. No studies have directly compared these two treatments.Aims: The aim of this study is to (1) test the feasibility of recruitment into a randomised controlled trial of AM versus CBT in patients with cancer; (2) test and modify the intervention; (3) determine whether changes in outcomes were consistent with published data.Methods: Patients at all stages of cancer, recruited from oncology outpatient clinics and screening eight or more for anxiety and/or depression on the HADS, were randomised to Treatment as Usual (TAU) plus up to eight sessions weekly of either AM or CBT, offered within 3 months. The POMS was collected at baseline and 3 and 6 months post baseline.Results: Of those suitable, over 60% (39/63) participated (AM, n = 20; CBT, n = 19) and over 90% (36/39) were followed up. Both packages were well received. The preference was for AM, with more sessions were taken up; (Mean number sessions AM = 7.2 (SD 2.0) and CBT = 5.4 (SD 3.1); P<0.05). Significant improvements in POMS (Total Mood, depression and anxiety scores) occurred with both interventions. Between‐group comparison showed a non‐significant trend towards greater improvement in depression with CBT.Conclusions: Recruitment was feasible; the interventions acceptable and engagement with treatment was high. Improvements with both interventions were observed. The beneficial effects on depression with CBT appeared to be sustained. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Concerns and coping during cancer genetic risk assessment
Authors: Bennett P. , Phelps C. , Hilgart J. , Hood K. , Brain K. , Murray A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo gain an ‘in‐depth’ understanding of patients' concerns and their related coping strategies during the genetic risk assessment process.MethodsParticipants were the ‘usual care’ arm of a trial of a coping intervention targeted at men and women undergoing assessment of genetic risk for familial cancer. Participants completed questionnaires measuring the degree to which they experienced up to 11 concerns and which of 8 coping strategies they used to respond to each of them at entry into the programme and 1 month subsequently (before they received their risk information).FindingsA majority of participants were at least ‘quite worried’ about all the identified concerns, although the levels of concern fell over the waiting period. Participants used several strategies in response to their varying concerns – although a primary coping strategy for each concern was identifiable. The emotion‐focused strategies of acceptance and positive appraisal were generally used in response to concerns they could not change, and seeking social support was used primarily to gain information, but not emotional support from their family. Cluster analysis identified three unique clusters of coping responses.ConclusionsGenetic risk assessment comprises a number of different stressors each of which is coped with using different strategies.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Educational intervention in cancer outpatient clinics on routine screening for emotional distress: an observational study
Authors: Grassi Luigi , Rossi Elena , Caruso Rosangela , Nanni Maria Giulia , Pedrazzi Stefania , Sofritti Stefania , Sabato Silvana 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPurpose: To examine the possible effect of an educational model on distress screening in newly diagnosed cancer patients referred to Psycho‐oncology service (POS).Methods: We examined the differences in distress and problems among newly diagnosed cancer patients referred to POS by cancer care professionals' according to their clinical judgement (2‐year period; Study‐1) and after an educational intervention on the Distress Thermometer (DT) and Problem List (PL), with referral to those reporting cut‐off scores indicative of ‘caseness’ (DT>4) (1‐year period; Study‐2).Results: In Study‐1, 153 (6.7%) of 2268 new patients were referred and seen by the POS, which submitted each patient to the DT/PL. About one‐third of the patients (31%) were not DT‐cases (scores < 4) and showed lower levels of emotional and relational problems than those who resulted DT‐cases. In Study‐2, of all newly diagnosed cancer patients (n = 1107), 583 (52.6%) were administered to the DT/PL by nurses. Two‐hundred and eighty‐four (52.2%) resulting DT‐cases were referred to POS and, of these, 133 (12% of all new patients; 22.81% of those screened; 46.8% of cases) were seen by the POS. There were significant differences in problems between not referred (DT‐non‐cases) and referred patients (DT‐cases).Conclusions: Because of the observational nature of the study, the conclusions should be drawn with caution. The implementation of the routine use of DT/PL seemed to determine a higher (79% increase) and more accurate referral of patients but the rate of acceptance was not high, confirming that more effort is necessary in implementing optimal psychosocial care in oncology. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inhaled hypertonic saline in infants and toddlers with cystic fibrosis: short‐term tolerability, adherence, and safety
Authors: Rosenfeld Margaret , Davis Stephanie , Brumback Lyndia , Daniel Stephen , Rowbotham Ron , Johnson Robin , McNamara Sharon , Jensen Renee , Barlow Carol , Ratjen Felix 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackgroundInhaled hypertonic saline (HS) is an attractive agent for chronic maintenance therapy in infants and toddlers with cystic fibrosis (CF) because it improves defective mucociliary clearance. Prior to undertaking a clinical trial of HS efficacy in young children with CF, tolerability, adherence, and safety must be established.MethodsThree‐center, open label evaluation of the short‐term tolerability, adherence, and safety of 7% HS administered twice daily for 14 days in children with CF 12–30 months of age. The primary objective was to evaluate the proportion of participants unable to tolerate single and repeated doses of 7% HS according to protocol‐defined criteria. Participants inhaled a test dose of HS at the enrollment visit; test dose intolerance was defined as fulfillment of at least one of 4 criteria. Participants who tolerated the test dose inhaled 7% HS twice daily for 14 ± 2 days.ResultsTwenty children were enrolled. One was withdrawn due to maternal concern over fussiness with application of the facemask for the test dose. Of the 19 participants administered the test dose, 1 was withdrawn due to test dose intolerance (5%, 95% confidence interval 0, 26%). Eighteen participants completed the study; 1 was intolerant (95% CI 0, 27%) at the final visit due to new wheezes on exam in association with an upper respiratory infection and otitis media. Home symptom diaries demonstrated cough as the main symptom in the hour following inhalation, which decreased in frequency over the study period. Adherence as assessed by daily home diary and returned study drug ampoules was high. Participants reported receiving both treatments on a median of 100% of days; a median of 25 ampoules were used during a median of 13 days.Conclusions7% HS appears well tolerated for up to 14 days in infants and toddlers with CF, with high adherence. These results provide encouraging short‐term tolerability and adherence data for future trials assessing the safety and efficacy of 7% HS in young children with CF. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2011; 46:666–671. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Elevated vascular endothelial growth factor is correlated with elevated erythropoietin in stable, young cystic fibrosis patients
Authors: Watts Kimberly Danieli , McColley Susanna A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAngiogenesis is an important mechanism of airway remodeling in lung disease. We previously demonstrated that serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is elevated in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and declines with therapy for pulmonary exacerbation. We hypothesized that VEGF is elevated early in the course of CF and is associated with markers of tissue hypoxia. A prospective, single‐visit evaluation of thirty stable infants and children with CF was performed. Serum was analyzed for VEGF and for other markers of tissue hypoxia (erythropoietin (EPO), insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐1 (IGFBP‐1)) and for inflammatory mediators (IL‐1 beta, IL‐6, IL‐8, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)) using Meso Scale multi‐spot serum immunoassays. Measurements were correlated between assay groups; and with age in months and pulmonary function (FEV0.5 or FEV1). VEGF, EPO, TNFα and IL‐8 were elevated compared to published normative values. VEGF levels were not significantly correlated with any inflammatory mediators. However, VEGF correlated with EPO (r = 0.505; P < 0.05). There was no correlation between lung function and markers of inflammation or tissue hypoxia. VEGF is elevated in young, stable infants and children suggesting angiogenesis as a contributing mechanism for early lung disease in CF. VEGF elevation does not show significant correlation with inflammatory mediators known to be increased in CF, but is significantly correlated with EPO levels. We propose that VEGF elevation and angiogenesis contribute to early lung disease and may result from a direct tissue hypoxia pathway in CF. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2011; 46:683–687. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.