bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arizona Literature Mapper: An integrated approach to monitor and analyze global bioterrorism research literature
Authors: Dang Yan , Zhang Yulei , Chen Hsinchun , Hu Paul Jen‐Hwa , Brown Susan A. , Larson Cathy 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBiomedical research is critical to biodefense, which is drawing increasing attention from governments globally as well as from various research communities. The U.S. government has been closely monitoring and regulating biomedical research activities, particularly those studying or involving bioterrorism agents or diseases. Effective surveillance requires comprehensive understanding of extant biomedical research and timely detection of new developments or emerging trends. The rapid knowledge expansion, technical breakthroughs, and spiraling collaboration networks demand greater support for literature search and sharing, which cannot be effectively supported by conventional literature search mechanisms or systems. In this study, we propose an integrated approach that integrates advanced techniques for content analysis, network analysis, and information visualization. We design and implement Arizona Literature Mapper, a Web‐based portal that allows users to gain timely, comprehensive understanding of bioterrorism research, including leading scientists, research groups, institutions as well as insights about current mainstream interests or emerging trends. We conduct two user studies to evaluate Arizona Literature Mapper and include a well‐known system for benchmarking purposes. According to our results, Arizona Literature Mapper is significantly more effective for supporting users' search of bioterrorism publications than PubMed. Users consider Arizona Literature Mapper more useful and easier to use than PubMed. Users are also more satisfied with Arizona Literature Mapper and show stronger intentions to use it in the future. Assessments of Arizona Literature Mapper's analysis functions are also positive, as our subjects consider them useful, easy to use, and satisfactory. Our results have important implications that are also discussed in the article.
Kleine Ursache – großer Schaden – Fortsetzung einer komplexen Baumaßnahme im Anschluss an eine Havarie
Authors: Lühr Stefan , Morgen Karl 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIm September 2008 konnte an der Müritz‐Elde‐Wasserstraße das neue Wehr Lewitz in Betrieb genommen werden. Die ursprünglich vorgesehene Bauzeit betrug 15 Monate; tatsächlich wurden jedoch etwa drei Jahre benötigt: Bei der Herstellung eines temporären Abflussgerinnes kam es im März 2006 zu einer Havarie. Die Folgen des Schadensfalls mussten zunächst beseitigt werden, bevor die geplante Baumaßnahme fortgesetzt werden konnte. Anschließend waren die Bauabläufe und Verfahren den veränderten Randbedingungen anzupassen. Die Havarie, die Beseitigung der Schäden und die Auswirkungen auf den Bauvertrag werden in diesem Beitrag dargestellt.
Developmental pathogenesis of short palpebral fissure length in children with fetal alcohol syndrome
Authors: Jones Kenneth Lyons , Hoyme H. Eugene , Robinson Luther K. , del Campo Miguel , Manning Melanie A. , Bakhireva Ludmila N. , Prewitt Lela M. , Chambers Christina D. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:From the standpoint of normal embryologic development, the palpebral fissures are generally considered to be determined by and dependent on the underlying optic vesicles, outpouchings of the frontal area of the developing fetal brain. It has been suggested that short palpebral fissures are a reflection of an underlying defect in specific areas of forebrain development. Alternatively, short palpebral fissures, seen in a number of multiple malformation syndromes associated with small occipitofrontal circumference (OFC), such as the fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), might be proportionally small as a reflection of the microcephaly. The purpose of this study was to examine whether short palpebral fissures are independent of or determined by the OFC.METHODS:Age‐specific palpebral fissure length (PFL) and OFC centiles were correlated in 273 children with FAS, 272 children with some features of FAS, and 385 children with no structural features characteristic of FAS.RESULTS:The OFC and PFL centiles demonstrated a statistically significant but weak correlation in all three study groups. Among children with FAS, only 10.2% of the total variation in PFL could be accounted for by OFC (p = 0.0001). A similar pattern was observed for children with some features of FAS (r2 = 0.142; p = 0.0001) and children with no structural features of FAS (r2 = 0.110; p = 0.0001).CONCLUSIONS:Palpebral fissure length is predominately independent of occipitofrontal circumference in children with and without features of FAS. Short palpebral fissures may well reflect a defect in forebrain development rather than being proportionally reduced in size as a reflection of microcephaly. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Off‐Target Decoding of a Multitarget Kinase Inhibitor by Chemical Proteomics
Authors: Missner Enrico , Bahr Inke , Badock Volker , Lücking Ulrich , Siemeister Gerhard , Donner Peter 
Published: April 2009

AbstractUnbiased: Chemical proteomics was used to profile compound interactions in an unbiased fashion. We present here the application of different compound‐immobilization routes for decoding nonprotein kinase off‐targets of the multitarget kinase inhibitor C1, which interacts with distinct compound moieties.magnified imageSince the approval of the first selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor, imatinib, various drugs have been developed to target protein kinases. However, due to a high degree of structural conservation of the ATP binding site, off‐target effects have been reported for several drugs. Here, we report on off‐target decoding for a multitarget protein kinase inhibitor by chemical proteomics, by focusing on interactions with nonprotein kinases. We tested two different routes for the immobilization of the inhibitor on a carrier matrix, and thus identified off‐targets that interact with distinct compound moieties. Besides several of the kinases known to bind to the compound, the pyridoxal kinase (PDXK), which has been described to interact with the CDK inhibitor (R)‐roscovitine, was captured. The PDXK–inhibitor interaction was shown to occur at the substrate binding site rather than at the ATP binding site. In addition, carbonic anhydrase 2 (CA2) binding was demonstrated, and the determination of the IC50 revealed an enzyme inhibition in the submicromolar range. The data demonstrate that different compound immobilization routes for chemical proteomics approaches are a valuable method to improve the knowledge about the off‐target profile of a compound.
Diffusion and NOE NMR Studies on Multicationic DAB‐Organoruthenium Dendrimers: Size‐Dependent Noncovalent Self‐Assembly to Megamers and Ion Pairing
Authors: Pettirossi Stefania , Bellachioma Gianfranco , Ciancaleoni Gianluca , Zuccaccia Cristiano , Zuccaccia Daniele , Macchioni Alceo 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSupra‐mega ion pairing: Multicationic organoruthenium dendrimers show a notable tendency to self‐aggregate when the concentration is increased, leading to megamers. This tendency increases with the generation. The self‐aggregation of dendrimers to megamers is coupled with a decrease in the extent of ion pairing, as illustrated.magnified imageNew multicationic organoruthenium dendrimers (RuPF6‐Dabn, n=2, 4, 8, 16) have been synthesized by coupling of [Ru(η6‐p‐cymene)(κ3‐dpk‐OCH2CH2OH)]X (1PF6, dpk=2,2′‐dipyridyl ketone, X=PF6) with 1,4‐diaminobutane (DAB) and polypropylenimine dendrimer DAB‐dendr‐(NH2)n {n=4, 8, 16} mediated by 1,1′‐carbonyldiimidazole (CDI). The intermediate in the synthesis, [Ru(η6‐p‐cymene)(κ3‐dpk‐OCH2CH2OC(O)Im]X (2PF6, Im=imidazole, X=PF6) has been isolated and characterized by single‐crystal XRD. The intra‐ and supramolecular structures in a solution of RuPF6‐Dabn dendrimer have been investigated by multidimensional and multinuclear NMR techniques. Diffusion NMR experiments on dilute solutions indicated that the linear distance between two metal centers (14.9–22.1 Å depending on the dendrimer generation) is much greater than the diameter of 1PF6 (9.9 Å). 19F,1H‐HOESY NMR experiments (HOESY= heteronuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy) showed that the counterion is positioned on the surface of the dendrimers and assumes the same relative anion–cation orientation as in 2PF6. Diffusion NMR experiments on RuPF6‐Dabn dendrimers in CD2Cl2 at different concentrations revealed a process of supramolecular assembly of dendrimers to megamers that is strongly favored for the highest generations. Megamer formation is coupled with an increased fraction of free ions (α) and a consequent reduction in ion‐paired ruthenium centers. Graphs of α versus CRu (the concentration of ruthenium centers) showed a minimum for RuPF6‐Dab4, RuPF6‐Dab8, and RuPF6‐Dab16 at a position coinciding with the significant presence of supramolecular dendritic dimers. The tendency to ion pairing decreases as the dendrimer generation increases.
Controllable Synthesis of Mesoporous Co3O4 Nanostructures with Tunable Morphology for Application in Supercapacitors
Authors: Xiong Shenglin , Yuan Changzhou , Zhang Xiaogang , Xi Baojuan , Qian Yitai 
Published: April 2009

AbstractFlower power: Various mesoporous Co3O4 architectural structures (see figure) have been successfully prepared through a facile binary‐solution route and sequential thermal decomposition at atmospheric pressure. The electrochemical experiments showed that the specific capacitance of Co3O4 nanosheets was higher than that of Co3O4 microspheres in a KOH electrolyte.magnified imageNovel and complex mesoporous 2D and 3D architectures of the oxide semiconductor Co3O4, including nanosheets, nearly monodisperse microspheres that are self‐assembled from nanosheets, and copper‐coin‐like nanosheets, have been synthesized through a facile binary‐solution route and sequential thermal decomposition at atmospheric pressure. The influence of different reaction conditions on the morphology of the products has been discussed in detail. The results revealed that the volume ratio of H2O and ethanolamine (EA) play a crucial role in the morphology of the precursor. The thermal decomposition of the corresponding precursor leads to the formation of the mesoporous structure. The products have been characterized by X‐ray diffraction techniques, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high‐resolution TEM (HRTEM), and Raman spectroscopy. The electrochemical properties of the Co3O4 electrodes were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge–discharge measurements. The electrochemical experiments revealed that the specific capacitance of the Co3O4 nanosheets was higher than that of the Co3O4 microspheres in a KOH electrolyte solution (3 m). Furthermore, the Co3O4 nanosheet electrodes exhibited good rate capabilities, and maintained 93 % of the initial capacity at a current density of 5 mA cm−2 in a KOH (3 m) electrolyte solution. The results show that Co3O4 nanosheets might have potential applications as electrode materials for supercapacitors.
Nanostructuring of Hybrid Silicas through a Self‐Recognition Process
Authors: Arrachart Guilhem , Creff Gaëlle , Wadepohl Hubert , Blanc Christophe , Bonhomme Christian , Babonneau Florence , Alonso Bruno , Bantignies Jean‐Louis , Carcel Carole , Moreau Joël J. E. , Dieudonné Philippe , Sauvajol Jean‐Louis , Massiot Dominique , Wong Chi Man Michel 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe hydrolysis and condensation of a silylated derivative of ureidopyrimidinone led to nanostructured hybrid silica, such as that depicted, as clearly shown by powder XRD studies. The nanostructuring was directly related to molecular recognition through hydrogen bonding. By combining FTIR, solution and solid‐state NMR spectroscopic data, the transcription of the hydrogen‐bonding networks from the precursor to the final product was clearly evidenced.magnified image
Efficient Oxidation of 1,2‐Diols into α‐Hydroxyketones Catalyzed by Organotin Compounds
Authors: Maki Toshihide , Iikawa Shinya , Mogami Gen , Harasawa Hitomi , Matsumura Yoshihiro , Onomura Osamu 
Published: April 2009

AbstractGet selective! A selective oxidation of 1,2‐diols to α‐hydroxyketones catalyzed by organotin compounds has been developed (see scheme). Invaluable chemo‐ and stereoselectivity were found in the reaction. The catalytic system has been achieved by electrochemical and chemical oxidation.magnified imageElectrochemical oxidation of 1,2‐diols with a catalytic amount of an organotin compound and a bromide ion as mediators has been developed. Various cyclic and acyclic 1,2‐diols were oxidized into the corresponding α‐hydroxyketones in good to excellent yields without CC bond cleavage. Also, oxidation with the use of chemical oxidants was accomplished in the presence of a catalytic amount of an organotin compound. These reactions could discriminate 1,2‐diols from isolated hydoxyl groups or 1,3‐diols. In the case of a conformationally restricted cyclic 1,2‐diol, the axial hydroxyl group was oxidized exclusively. Mono‐, di‐, and trialkylated tin compounds were examined as mediators and dialkylated tin compounds showed higher catalytic activity than mono‐ and trisubstituted ones. Me2SnCl2 was found to be the most suitable mediator for the selective oxidation.
Laserinduzierte Inkandeszenz (LII) zur Partikelgrößenbestimmung von aggregierten Rußpartikeln
Authors: Kuhlmann S.‐A. , Reimann J. , Will S. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMit der laserinduzierten Inkandeszenz (LII) wurden Messungen an 14 verschiedenen Industrierußen (Carbon Blacks) durchgeführt, um den Einfluss der Aggregatgröße auf die Bestimmung von Primärteilchengrößen mit dieser Technik zu untersuchen. Durch Vergleich der gemessenen Werte mit elektronenmikroskopischen Aufnahmen und Einbeziehung von unabhängig bestimmten Aggregatgrößen war es sowohl möglich zu quantifizieren, inwieweit sich die Wärmeleitung von Rußteilchen durch Aggregation reduziert, als auch den thermischen Akkommodationskoeffizienten α1 = 0,38 für isolierte Einzelpartikel zu bestimmen.
Produktgestaltung von mikro‐ und nanoskaligen Pulvern durch (Hoch‐) Intensivmischen mit hohem Leistungseintrag
Authors: Habermann R. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractDie technische Anwendung nanoskaliger Partikel eröffnet neue, gezielte Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten von Produkteigenschaften und stellt zugleich neue Anforderungen an einzusetzende verfahrenstechnische Operationen. Hierbei spielt vor allem das Feststoffmischen eine besondere Rolle, da man damit unterschiedliche Produkteigenschaften kombinieren kann. Konventionelle Mischsysteme genügen infolge ihres zu geringen Leistungseintrags in das Prozessgut nicht, um erwünschte Funktionalisierungen und Modifikationen zu erreichen. Mit dem Mischsystem NOBILTA™ wird eine neue Generation von Intensivmischern vorgestellt.
Klassifizierung von Pollen durch Analyse der elastischen Lichtstreuung mit Bildverarbeitungsmethoden
Authors: Surbek M. , Fliess M. , Esen C. , Schweiger G. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractDie chemische Charakterisierung von biologischen Aerosolen (Bakterien, Pollen, Viren), die in der Umgebungsluft in großer Anzahl vorkommen, gestaltet sich konventionell zeitaufwendig und ungenau. Eine Alternative bieten hier optische Messmethoden. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wird der Versuch unternommen, die Pollen anhand ihrer elastischen Streumuster, die über einen großen Winkelbereich aufgenommen werden, zu klassifizieren. Die ersten Ergebnisse sind vielversprechend und ermöglichen eine Trefferquote von mindestens 60 %.
Einfluss des Dispergierprozesses bei der Herstellung nanopartikelverstärkter Verbundwerkstoffe
Authors: Schilde C. , Arlt C. , Kwade A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractZunehmend finden Nanopartikel im Bereich Leichtbau sowie der Luft‐ und Raumfahrttechnik Anwendung, um die mechanischen und thermischen Eigenschaften von Verbundwerkstoffen einzustellen und zu verbessern. Die Nanopartikel werden dabei meist durch Pyrolyse direkt als trockenes Pulver oder durch Fällung mit anschließender Trocknung hergestellt und in den Verbundwerkstoff eingearbeitet. Die Nanopartikel liegen dabei in agglomerierter oder sogar aggregierter Form vor und müssen zur Herstellung von nanopartikelverstärkten Verbundwerkstoffen mit neuartigen Produkteigenschaften deaggregiert werden. Für die Herstellung und Einstellung der mechanischen und thermischen Eigenschaften von nanopartikelverstärkten Verbundwerkstoffen sind Kenntnisse über den Einfluss der Prozessparameter auf das Dispergierergebnis notwendig. Die Dispergierung wurde mittels Dreiwalze und Rührwerkskugelmühle durchgeführt. Der Vergleich der Dispergierung zeigte für die nanopartikelverstärkten Verbundwerkstoffprobenkörper eine Verbesserung der mechanischen Kennwerte.
Partikel‐Morphologien und Festkörper‐Eigenschaften. Gestalten in der Nanowelt
Authors: Riss Alexander , Diwald Oliver 
Published: April 2009

AbstractFür Festkörper mit einer räumlichen Ausdehnung von wenigen Nanometern ergeben sich oft eindeutige Zusammenhänge zwischen Festkörpergestalt und bestimmten physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften, die hinsichtlich der Verwendung von Nanomaterialien als Funktionswerkstoffe von Bedeutung sein können. In diesem Artikel wird exemplarisch aufgezeigt, dass Ensembles von Nanokristallen mit einheitlicher und enger Größenverteilung wertvolle Modellsysteme zur Aufklärung von Prozessen an der Grenzfläche und im Inneren des Festkörpers sein können. Auch aus Sicht der Materialsynthese haben Nanokristalle mit ausgezeichneter und einheitlicher Morphologie große Bedeutung. Dort können sie als elementare Bauelemente zum orientierungsabhängigen Wachstum komplexerer Nanostrukturen eingesetzt werden.
Allerlei vom Frühstücksei. Eine Oologisch‐chemische Osterbetrachtung
Authors: Roth Klaus 
Published: April 2009

AbstractEin hart‐ oder weichgekochtes Ei zuzubereiten, scheint trivial: Das täuscht! Die Übertragung von Wärmeenergie vom umgebenden Wasser im Kochtopf auf die verschiedenen internen Teile ist sehr komplex und die daraus resultierenden chemischen Prozesse sind viel komplizierter als ein einfaches Entwirren von Polymerknäulen. Unser Wissen um die grundlegenden chemischen Prozesse ist recht mager, so dass wir nur Staunen können, wie durch einfaches Eingeben eines Eis in kochendes Wasser am Ende eine solche Delikatesse entsteht. Dies ist wieder ein Beweis dafür, dass selbst von uns unbeabsichtigte Chemie Wunder vollbringen kann.
‘Spice’: Die getarnte Designerdroge
Authors: Welter Kira 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSeit Ende Januar ist das Produkt ‘Spice’ in Deutschland verboten. Die angeblich harmlose Kräutermischung war bis dahin frei verkäuflich und wurde offiziell als Räucherwerk vermarktet. Tatsächlich wird ‘Spice’ häufig geraucht, insbesondere wegen seiner Wirkung, die im Wesentlichen mit der von Marihuana oder Haschisch übereinstimmt. Doch hinter der angeblichen “Biodroge“ verbergen sich gefährliche Stoffe aus der Pharmaforschung.
Amido‐Functionalised Prodigiosenes: Synthesis and Anticancer Properties
Authors: Sáez Díaz Rosa I. , Bennett Sarah M. , Thompson Alison 
Published: April 2009

AbstractProdigiosin: Amido‐functionalised prodigiosin‐derived compounds were synthesised via a robust and efficient synthetic route. These compounds were then evaluated against 60 human cell lines consisting of nine diverse tumour cell types and their anticancer activities were assessed.magnified image
Synthesis, Structural Analysis, and Biological Evaluation of Thioxoquinazoline Derivatives as Phosphodiesterase 7 Inhibitors
Authors: Castaño Tania , Wang Huanchen , Campillo Nuria E. , Ballester Sara , González‐García Coral , Hernández Javier , Pérez Concepción , Cuenca Jimena , Pérez‐Castillo Ana , Martínez Ana , Huertas Oscar , Gelpí José Luis , Luque F. Javier , Ke Hengming , Gil Carmen 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPDE7 inhibitors regulate pro‐inflammatory and immune T‐cell functions, and are a potentially novel class of drugs particularly useful for treatment of a wide variety of immune and inflammatory disorders. Structural optimization of thioxoquinazoline derivatives led to new compounds with very interesting profiles as PDE7 or PDE7/PDE4 dual inhibitors, which may be further developed as new drugs for inflammatory and neurological diseases.magnified imagePDE7 inhibitors regulate pro‐inflammatory and immune T‐cell functions, and are a potentially novel class of drugs especially useful in the treatment of a wide variety of immune and inflammatory disorders. Starting from our lead family of thioxoquinazolines, we designed, synthesized, and characterized a novel series of thioxoquinazoline derivatives. Many of these compounds showed inhibitory potencies at sub‐micromolar levels against the catalytic domain of PDE7A1 and at the micromolar level against PDE4D2. Cell‐based studies showed that these compounds not only increased intracellular cAMP levels, but also had interesting anti‐inflammatory properties within a therapeutic window. The in silico data predict that these compounds are capable of the crossing the blood–brain barrier. The X‐ray crystal structure of the PDE7A1 catalytic domain in complex with compound 15 at a resolution of 2.4 Å demonstrated that hydrophobic interactions at the active site pocket are a key feature. This structure, together with molecular modeling, provides insight into the selectivity of the PDE inhibitors and a template for the discovery of new PDE7 or PDE7/PDE4 dual inhibitors.
The calcium‐sensing receptor and parathyroid hormone‐related protein are expressed in differentiated, favorable neuroblastic tumors
Authors: de Torres Carmen , Beleta Helena , Díaz Rubén , Toran Núria , Rodríguez Eva , Lavarino Cinzia , García Idoia , Acosta Sandra , Suñol Mariona , Mora Jaume 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Differentiated histopathology is a favorable prognostic factor in neuroblastic tumors, and molecular pathways underlying neuroblastoma differentiation can be modulated pharmacologically. The calcium‐sensing receptor (CaR) and parathyroid hormone‐related protein (PTHrP) regulate differentiation processes in some cellular contexts.CaRis up‐regulated when neural stem cells are specified to the oligodendrocyte lineage and regulates PTHrP production in astrocytes. The objective of the current study was to assess whether CaR and PTHrP participate in neuroblastoma differentiation pathways.METHODS:CaRandPTHrPmessenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression were analyzed in neuroblastic tumors, and correlation with prognostic factors was assessed.CaRandPTHrPexpression levels were analyzed in neuroblastoma cell lines treated with all‐trans‐retinoic acid or 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine (BrdU).RESULTS:CaRexpression was correlated with favorable histology, age at diagnosis <1 year, low clinical stage, and low clinical risk.CaRwas absent in undifferentiated neuroblasts and was expressed in differentiating neuroblasts.CaRandPTHrPwere highly expressed in ganglion and in Schwann‐like cells.PTHrPmRNA levels were higher in ganglioneuroblastomas and ganglioneuromas than in neuroblastomas (P< .0001). Both genes were up‐regulated in neuroblastomas with treatment‐induced maturation features.CaR, but notPTHrP, was up‐regulated at early phases of in vitro neuronal differentiation induction. Substrate‐adherent, non‐neuronal cell lines displayed the highestPTHrPlevels among the neuroblastoma cell lines examined. The up‐regulation ofPTHrPand of 2 glial differentiation markers was observed in 2 cell lines that were treated with BrdU, whereasCaRwas induced in only 1 cell line.CONCLUSIONS:CaRandPTHrPwere expressed in differentiated, favorable neuroblastic tumors, and both genes were up‐regulated by inducing differentiation. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.