bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NTPDase1 Controls IL-8 Production by Human Neutrophils
Authors: Kukulski Filip , Bahrami Fariborz , Ben Yebdri Fethia , Lecka Joanna , Martín-Satué Mireia , Lévesque Sébastien A. , Sévigny Jean 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
The ectonucleotidase NTPDase1 (CD39) terminates P2 receptor activation by the hydrolysis of extracellular nucleotides (i.e., the P2 receptor ligands). In agreement with that role, exacerbated inflammation has been observed in NTPDase1-deficient mice. In this study, we extend these observations by showing that inhibition of NTPDase1 markedly increases IL-8 production by TLR-stimulated human neutrophils. First, immunolabeling of human blood neutrophils and neutrophil-like HL60 cells displayed the expression of NTPDase1 protein, which correlated with the hydrolysis of ATP at their surface. NTPDase1 inhibitors (e.g., NF279 and ARL 67156) as well as NTPDase1-specific small interfering RNAs markedly increased IL-8 production in neutrophils stimulated with LPS and Pam3CSK4 (agonists of TLR4 and TLR1/2, respectively) but not with flagellin (TLR5) and gardiquimod (TLR7 and 8). This increase in IL-8 release was due to the synergy between TLRs and P2 receptors. Indeed, ATP was released from neutrophils constitutively and accumulated in the medium upon NTPDase1 inhibition by NF279. Likewise, both human blood neutrophils and neutrophil-like HL60 cells produced IL-8 in response to exogenous nucleotides, ATP being the most potent inducer. In agreement, P2Y2 receptor knockdown in neutrophil-like HL60 cells markedly decreased LPS- and Pam3CSK4-induced IL-8 production. In line with these in vitro results, injection of LPS in the air pouches of NTPDase1-deficient mice triggered an increased production of the chemokines MIP-2 and keratinocyte-derived chemokine (i.e., the rodent counterparts of human IL-8) compared with that in wild-type mice. In summary, NTPDase1 controls IL-8 production by human neutrophils via the regulation of P2Y2 activation.
Multilayered Defense in HLA-B51–Associated HIV Viral Control
Authors: Zhang YongHong , Peng YanChun , Yan HuiPing , Xu Keyi , Saito Masumichi , Wu Hao , Chen XinYue , Ranasinghe Srinika , Kuse Nozomi , Powell Tim , Zhao Yan , Li WeiHua , Zhang Xin , Feng Xia , Li Ning , Leligdowicz Aleksandra , Xu XiaoNing , John Mina , Takiguchi Masafumi , McMichael Andrew , Rowland-Jones Sarah , Dong Tao 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Polymorphism in the HLA region of a chromosome is the major source of host genetic variability in HIV-1 outcome, but there is limited understanding of the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effect of protective class I alleles such as HLA-B57, -B27, and -B51. Taking advantage of a unique cohort infected with clade B’ HIV-1 through contaminated blood, in which many variables such as the length of infection, the infecting viral strain, and host genetic background are controlled, we performed a comprehensive study to understand HLA-B51–associated HIV-1 control. We focused on the T cell responses against three dominant HLA-B51–restricted epitopes: Gag327-345(NI9) NANPDCKTI, Pol743-751(LI9) LPPVVAKEI, and Pol283-289(TI8) TAFTIPSI. Mutations in all three dominant epitopes were significantly associated with HLA-B51 in the cohort. A clear hierarchy in selection of epitope mutations was observed through epitope sequencing. L743I in position 1 of epitope LI9 was seen in most B51+ individuals, followed by V289X in position 8 of the TI8, and then, A328S, in position 2 of the NI9 epitope, was also seen in some B51+ individuals. Good control of viral load and higher CD4+ counts were significantly associated with at least one detectable T cell response to unmutated epitopes, whereas lower CD4+ counts and higher viral loads were observed in patients who had developed escape mutations in all three epitopes or who lacked T cell responses specific to these epitope(s). We propose that patients with HLA-B51 benefit from having multiple layers of effective defense against the development of immune escape mutations.
Stimulated γδ T Cells Increase the In Vivo Efficacy of Trastuzumab in HER-2+ Breast Cancer
Authors: Capietto Aude-Hélène , Martinet Ludovic , Fournié Jean-Jacques 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
One fourth of women with HER-2+ metastatic breast carcinoma are treated with a combination regimen with trastuzumab, but the frequent resistance to this Ab requires definition of new means to improve its bioactivity. The mechanisms of action of trastuzumab involve several pathways including Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Because human γδ T lymphocytes mediate Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and can be activated further by phosphoantigens, these cells are prone to improve the efficacy of Abs, as recently demonstrated for CD20+ B cell lymphomas. Whether this concept applies as well with carcinomas remained to be demonstrated in vivo, however. In this study, we asked whether a combination of trastuzumab and phosphoantigen-stimulated γδ lymphocytes increases the efficacy of trastuzumab against HER-2+ breast carcinoma cell lines in vivo. We report that repeated infusions of this combination had a better efficacy than that of trastuzumab alone against HER-2+ mammary carcinoma xenografts in mice. In these models, reduction of tumor growth was observed together with trastuzumab opsonization of HER-2+ cells and tumor infiltration by γδ lymphocytes. In addition in humans, the mammary carcinomas of 27 of 30 patients showed significant γδ T cell infiltrates. Altogether, these findings indicate that combination of trastuzumab and stimulated γδ cells represents a new strategy to improve the efficacy of Herceptin (trastuzumab) in HER-2+ breast cancer.
Uniqueness Implies Existence and Uniqueness Conditions for a Class of (k + j)-Point Boundary Value Problems for n-th Order Differential Equations
Authors: Eloe Paul W. , Henderson Johnny , Khan Rahmat Ali 
Published: June 2011

AbstractFor the n-th order nonlinear differential equation, y(n) = f (x, y, y′, … , y(n–1)), we consider uniqueness implies uniqueness and existence results for solutions satisfying certain (k + j)-point boundary conditions for 1 ≤ j ≤ n – 1 and 1 ≤ k ≤ n – j. We define (k; j)-point unique solvability in analogy to k-point disconjugacy and we show that (n – j0; j0)-point unique solvability implies (k; j)-point unique solvability for 1 ≤ j ≤ j0, and 1 ≤ k ≤ n – j. This result is analogous to n-point disconjugacy implies k-point disconjugacy for 2 ≤ k ≤ n – 1.
What Looking Backward Doesn't See:
Authors: Seth Lowenstein Adam 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT
Edward Bellamy's influential utopian novel Looking Backward (1888) dramatizes the epistemological impact of an increasingly media-saturated urban environment on turn-of-the-century American culture and identity. Bellamy's fanciful adaptation of the telephone receives particularly careful analysis in this essay. Deprived of its transmitting function, this denatured instrument both disrupts Bellamy's utopian project and, more subtly, registers the effect of mass media technologies on the construction and coherence of subjectivity. Lowenstein ultimately argues that Bellamy's novel rehearses the displacement of an epistemology rooted in the search for ontological certainty by what Anthony Giddens calls an epistemology of social reflexivity.
Chemical Vapor Deposition of Polymer Films
Authors: Seidel Scott , Riche Carson , Gupta Malancha 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Chemical vapor deposition of polymer films eliminates the need for organic solvents and thereby offers a safer and cleaner alternative to liquid‐phase processing. This article discusses the mechanism, benefits, and capabilities associated with several types of vapor‐phase polymerization methods with a particular emphasis on initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) and oxidative chemical vapor deposition (oCVD). The iCVD technique can be used to produce films that exhibit a wide range of properties such as hydrophobicity, hydrophilicity, and responsiveness to heat, pH, and light, whereas the oCVD method can be used to make conductive films. These deposition techniques allow for the controlled fabrication of high molecular weight polymer films with deposition rates as fast as several hundred nanometers per minute and can be used to modify the surfaces of three‐dimensional curved, pillared, and porous substrates since there are no solvent tension effects such as clogging or wetting.
Gas Chromatography in Screening of Chemicals Related to the Chemical Weapons Convention
Authors: Kostiainen Olli 
Published: June 2011

AbstractVarious gas chromatographic methods, which are useful for the screening of Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC)‐related chemicals, are described in this section. Choice of columns, detectors, and injection techniques, crucial to the optimization of gas chromatography (GC) as a routine screening tool, are discussed. Also, various identification methods are described. The use of the retention indices (RIs) method allowing identification without the need for an authentic chemical is described in detail. RIs are used as an identification method together with electron ionization mass spectrometry (EIMS) in the on‐site analysis method established by the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW).
Microdischarges for Analytical Atomic Spectrometry: Design Considerations and Applications
Authors: Franzke Joachim , Meyer Cordula , Müller Saskia , Krähling Tobias , Michels Antje 
Published: June 2011

AbstractMiniaturized analytical devices are more attractive than their macroscopic counterparts. Downscaling the size reduces the analyte volumes and enables faster analysis systems because of reduced transport lengths, and therefore miniaturized analysis systems are cheaper and quicker to use. Especially, microplasmas coupled with optical spectrometry are important tools for element analysis. The microplasma reflects the miniaturized version of a macroscopic, full‐size plasma and acts as the sample dissociation and excitation source. Microplasmas can be generated in various forms such as direct current, capacitively coupled, microwave‐induced, or inductively coupled plasmas. This article reviews recent developments of microplasmas for analytical atomic spectrometry. Furthermore, a description of the similarity principles related to electrical plasmas and the current‐voltage characteristics of the most prominent types of discharges that are used for analytical applications is given.
Development of a vision‐related quality of life instrument for children ages 8–18 years for use in juvenile idiopathic arthritis–associated uveitis
Authors: Angeles‐Han Sheila T. , Griffin Kenneth W. , Harrison Melanie J. , Lehman Thomas J. A. , Leong Traci , Robb Rachel Reeves , Shainberg Marla , Ponder Lori , Lenhart Phoebe , Hutchinson Amy , Srivastava Sunil K. , Prahalad Sampath , Lambert Scott R. , Drews‐Botsch Carolyn 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the validity and reliability of a novel questionnaire to measure vision‐related quality of life (VRQOL) in children ages 8–18 years for use in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)–associated uveitis: the Effects of Youngsters' Eyesight on Quality of Life (EYE‐Q).MethodsSeveral steps validated the EYE‐Q. We interviewed experts and children on how vision affects a child's activities. We developed new items and selected relevant items from existing instruments. We administered initial versions of the EYE‐Q to normal‐sighted children and those with JIA‐associated uveitis. For this study, children with various (or no) ocular conditions were recruited from a clinical population. Visual acuity and contrast sensitivity were performed, and the EYE‐Q and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) were administered. The EYE‐Q was repeated 10 days later. Patients, parents, and physicians rated vision severity.ResultsOf 120 patients, 48% were female, 46.7% had no visual impairment, and 53.3% had bilateral eye involvement. The mean age was 11.3 years. There were significant differences in the measures based on visual acuity (P < 0.001). Children with more severe visual acuity and bilateral eye involvement had worse EYE‐Q scores (P < 0.001). There were significant associations between the EYE‐Q and PedsQL (r = 0.375), repeat EYE‐Q (r = 0.864), and clinical measures of ocular disease (r = −0.620).ConclusionsOur study provides evidence of the validity and reliability of the EYE‐Q in the measurement of VRQOL. The EYE‐Q may complement clinical measures of visual impairment and overall QOL and become an important tool in the assessment of QOL in JIA‐associated uveitis.
Iron‐Catalyzed Oxidative Cleavage of Olefins and Alkynes to Carboxylic Acids with Aqueous tert‐Butyl Hydroperoxide
Authors: Shaikh Tanveer Mahamadali , Hong Fung‐E 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA new method for the oxidation of aromatic olefins and alkynes has been developed using inexpensive iron(III) chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3⋅6 H2O, 5 mol%) catalyst in combination with commercially available aqueous 70% tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as oxidant. The present system works well for aromatic alkenes and alkynes with both electron‐donating and electron‐withdrawing substituents being tolerated. The protocol is free from chromatographic purification and the carboxylic acids are obtained in high yields by simple filtration.
Power consumption characteristics of an in‐line silverson high shear mixer
Authors: Cooke M. , Rodgers T. L. , Kowalski A. J. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn‐line rotor stator mixers differ from in‐tank versions because the flow is often controlled independently of the rotor speed. For in‐tank devices the turbulent power can be adequately described by single impeller type power number. For an in‐line rotor‐stator mixer it is found that the power transmitted by the rotor consists of a power term and a flow term. The constants in this expression are normally obtained from a multilinear regression of a large matrix of experiments. Two simplified methods of obtaining these constants from limited data sets by (1) torque measurement and (2) by heat balance are described herein. These are used to determine the constants for a Silverson 150/250 MS inline mixer with different rotor stator arrangements from the laminar to turbulent regimes. The power and Metzner‐Otto constants determined are shown to be in good agreement to data for a larger matrix of experimental data. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 58: 1683–1692, 2012
Frozen chicken for wild fish: Nutritional transition in the Brazilian Amazon region determined by carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios in fingernails
Authors: Nardoto Gabriela B. , Murrieta Rui Sergio S. , Prates Luís Enrique G. , Adams Cristina , Garavello Maria Elisa P.E. , Schor Tatiana , De Moraes André , Rinaldi Fernando D. , Gragnani Juliana G. , Moura Edila A.F. , Duarte‐Neto Paulo J. , Martinelli Luiz A. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjectives:Amazonian populations are experiencing dietary changes characteristic of the nutrition transition. However, the degree of change appears to vary between urban and rural settings. To investigate this process, we determined carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios in fingernails and dietary intake of Amazonian populations living along a rural to urban continuum along the Solimões River in Brazil.Methods:Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios were analyzed from the fingernails of 431 volunteer subjects living in different settings ranging from rural villages, small towns to urban centers along the Solimões River. Data from 200 dietary intake surveys were also collected using food frequency questionnaires and 24‐h recall interviews in an effort to determine qualitative aspects of diet composition.Results:Fingernail δ13C values (mean ± standard deviation) were −23.2 ± 1.3, −20.2 ± 1.5, and −17.4 ± 1.3‰ and δ15N values were 11.8 ± 0.6, 10.4 ± 0.8, and 10.8 ± 0.7‰ for those living in rural villages, small towns, and major cities, respectively. We found a gradual increase in the number of food items derived from C4 plant types (meat and sugar) and the replacement of food items derived from C3 plant types (fish and manioc flour) with increasing size of urban centers.Conclusion:Increasing urbanization in the Brazilian Amazon is associated with a significant change in food habits with processed and industrialized products playing an increasingly important role in the diet and contributing to the nutrition transition in the region. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. .
Xenon augmented hypothermia reduces early lactate/N‐acetylaspartate and cell death in perinatal asphyxia
Authors: Faulkner Stuart , Bainbridge Alan , Kato Takenori , Chandrasekaran Manigandan , Kapetanakis Andrew B. , Hristova Mariya , Liu Mengyan , Evans Samantha , De Vita Enrico , Kelen Dorottya , Sanders Robert D. , Edwards A. David , Maze Mervyn , Cady Ernest B. , Raivich Gennadij , Robertson Nicola J. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjective:Additional treatments for therapeutic hypothermia are required to maximize neuroprotection for perinatal asphyxial encephalopathy. We assessed neuroprotective effects of combining inhaled xenon with therapeutic hypothermia after transient cerebral hypoxia–ischemia in a piglet model of perinatal asphyxia using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) biomarkers supported by immunohistochemistry.Methods:Thirty‐six newborn piglets were randomized (all groups n = 9), with intervention from 2 to 26 hours, to: (1) normothermia; (2) normothermia + 24 hours 50% inhaled xenon; (3) 24 hours hypothermia (33.5°C); or (4) 24 hours hypothermia (33.5°C) + 24 hours 50% inhaled xenon. Serial MRS was acquired before, during, and up to 48 hours after hypoxia–ischemia.Results:Mean arterial blood pressure was lower in all treatment groups compared with normothermia (p < 0.01) (although >40mmHg); the combined therapy group required more fluid boluses (p < 0.05) and inotropes (p < 0.001). Compared with no intervention, both hypothermia and xenon‐augmented hypothermia reduced the temporal regression slope magnitudes for phosphorus‐MRS inorganic phosphate/exchangeable phosphate pool (EPP) and phosphocreatine/EPP (both p < 0.05); for lactate/N‐acetylaspartate (NAA), only xenon‐augmented hypothermia reduced the slope (p < 0.01). Xenon‐augmented hypothermia also reduced transferase‐mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick‐end labeling (TUNEL)+ nuclei and caspase 3 immunoreactive cells in parasagittal cortex and putamen and increased microglial ramification in midtemporal cortex compared with the no treatment group (p < 0.05). Compared with hypothermia, however, combination treatment did not reach statistical significance for any measure. Lactate/NAA showed a strong positive correlation with TUNEL; nucleotide triphosphate/EPP showed a strong negative correlation with microglial ramification (both p < 0.01).Interpretation:Compared with no treatment, xenon‐augmented hypothermia reduced cerebral MRS abnormalities and cell death markers in some brain regions. Compared with hypothermia, xenon‐augmented hypothermia did not reach statistical significance for any measure. The safety and possible improved efficacy support phase II trials. Ann Neurol 2011;
Synthesis of hyperbranched polycarbosilane modified with cyclodextrin derivatives and its application in coated capillary electrophoresis columns
Authors: Chu Yongjie , Xu Wenchao , Edgar J. Scott , Shou Chongqi 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA series of hyperbranched polycarbosilanes were synthesized and coated on the inner surface of fused‐silica capillaries by chemical bonding. The end groups of the hyperbranched polycarbosilanes were modified with β‐cyclodextrin derivatives. The chiral isomers of ofloxacin and chlorpheniramine were separated by this new type of chiral capillary electrophoresis column and high‐column efficiency was achieved. The results showed that ofloxacin was completely separated at pH 3.0; the separation resolution was 2.32, and theoretical plates were greater than 4.5 × 104 plates m−1. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011.
Effect of propylation of starch with different degrees of substitution on the properties and characteristics of starch‐low density polyethylene blend films
Authors: Garg Sangeeta , Jana Asim Kumar 
Published: June 2011

AbstractCorn starch was modified by propylation and degree of substitution (DS) of four starch modifications were 0.61, 1.56, 2.27, and 2.51. Different films were prepared by blending native and propylated starch with low‐density polyethylene (LDPE). The mechanical properties, thermal properties, water absorption capacity, and biodegradability of the blend films varied with the quantity of starch as well as DS. Tensile strength, elongation, and melt flow index of propylated starch blend films were higher compared to the corresponding native starch blend film. These properties improved with increase in DS from 1.56 to 2.51. Propylated starch blend films were found thermally stable than native starch blend films. There was a decrease in water absorption capacity for the films containing propylated starch at high DS. Enzymatic and soil burial degradation results showed that biodegradability of starch‐LDPE films increased with the increase in the starch concentration but it decreased with increase in the DS. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011.
Effect of heat‐treatment on the performance of gas barrier layers applied by atomic layer deposition onto polymer‐coated paperboard
Authors: Hirvikorpi Terhi , Vähä‐Nissi Mika , Vartiainen Jari , Penttilä Paavo , Nikkola Juha , Harlin Ali , Serimaa Ritva , Karppinen Maarit 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe effect of heat treatment on the gas barrier of the polymer‐coated board further coated with an Al2O3 layer by atomic layer deposition (ALD) was studied. Heat treatment below the melting point of the polymer followed by quenching at room temperature was used for the polylactide‐coated board [B(PLA)], while over‐the‐melting‐point treatment was utilized for the low‐density polyethylene‐coated board [B(PE)] followed by quenching at room temperature or in liquid nitrogen. Heat treatment of B(PLA) and B(PE) followed by quenching at room temperature improved the water vapor barrier. However, because of the changes in the polymer morphology, quenching of B(PE) with liquid nitrogen impaired the same barrier. No improvement in oxygen barrier was observed explained by, e.g., the spherulitic structure of PLA and the discontinuities and possible short‐chain amorphous material around the spherulites forming passages for oxygen molecules. This work emphasizes the importance of a homogeneous surface prior to the ALD growth Al2O3 barrier layer. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Oxidative polymerization of 2,6‐dimethylphenol in water using bis‐triazacyclononane copper catalyst
Authors: Saito Kei , Pant Sweta , Hearn Milton T. W. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWater soluble 1,4,7‐triazacyclononane derivatives were synthesized as the model of the tyrosinase binuclear active site and their copper (II) complexes have been employed as a catalyst for the oxidative polymerization of 2,6‐dimethylphenol using water as the solvent. With this enzyme mimic catalytic system, the polymer, poly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene oxide), was successfully obtained from the polymerization with suppression of the formation of the quinone by‐product, 4‐(3,5‐dimethyl‐4‐oxo‐2,5‐cyclohexadienylidene)‐2,6‐dimethyl‐2,5‐cyclohexadien‐one, during the polymerization process. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011