bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insulin: a commonly used high‐risk medicine
Authors: Dunning Trisha L , Leach Helen , Williams Allison F , Buckey John , Jackson John , Leversha Anne , Nation Roger L , O'Reilly Mary , Rokahr Catherine , Van De Vreede Melita , Kirsa Suzanne W 
Published: March 2012

AbstractType 2 diabetes is common and is associated with progressive beta cell loss, insulin deficiency, organ damage and effects on mental health and wellbeing. The current management focus is on stringent blood glucose control (HbA1c <7% [53mmol/mol]) and early insulin initiation. Insulin is a high‐risk medicine and is associated with a high rate of errors, adverse events and admissions to hospital. An insulin high‐risk medicine alert and accompanying audit tool were developed and distributed to Australian hospitals in Victoria in 2009.The purpose of this paper is to outline the self‐reported impact of the insulin alert on hospital insulin management policies, discuss the lessons learned from the process, and suggest strategies that could be more effective when other medicine alerts are disseminated. The insulin alert, audit tool and an anonymous self‐complete questionnaire were mailed to the chief executive officers of 90 hospitals who distributed them to their relevant quality and safety governance committees for action.Only 26 hospitals responded (29%). Respondents reported that the insulin alert triggered them to review insulin policies and procedures, develop insulin education programmes and review hypoglycaemia management. They did not provide information about the impact on insulin errors. Respondents found the audit tool time consuming because the form was very long and not available in electronic form. Diabetes clinicians did not appear to have been involved.The key lessons learned were that relying on a passive implementation process, self‐report, and long, written audit tools are unlikely to engender change. Processes need to be tailored to suit individual organisations and engage key local clinical leaders. Outcomes/impact need to be measured objectively. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons.
The burden of stress in head and neck cancer
Authors: Devins Gerald M. , Payne Ada Y. M. , Lebel Sophie , Mah Kenneth , Lee Ruth N. F. , Irish Jonathan , Wong Janice , Rodin Gary M. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundHead and neck cancer (HNCa) introduces numerous stressors. We developed the Cancer‐Related Stressors Checklist (CRSC), which documents exposure to seven categories of common stressors and emotional distress. We surveyed HNCa survivors and examined associations among exposure to cancer‐related stressors, illness intrusiveness (i.e., cancer‐induced interference with lifestyles, activities, and interests), and distress. We also investigated whether reported exposure rates differ between self‐administered and interviewer‐administered measures.MethodsRespondents included HNCa survivors, stratified by sex, who participated in one of two clinical studies (N1 = 162; N2 = 408) examining the psychosocial impact of illness intrusiveness. All completed the CRSC, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and the Illness Intrusiveness Ratings Scale. Study 1 respondents self‐administered the instruments; an interviewer administered them in Study 2. We gathered clinical data by self‐report and from medical records.ResultsHigh inter‐rater reliability corroborated the 8‐subscale structure of the CRSC (Krippendorff alpha = .92). Cancer‐related stressor exposures differed significantly across categories (interpersonal stressors were most common). Controlling for empirically identified covariates and distress, exposure to each cancer‐related stressor correlated significantly and uniquely with illness intrusiveness. All stressor categories correlated significantly with distress, but coefficients were low to moderate, substantiating incremental validity. Respondents reported fewer exposures when materials were self‐administered as compared with interviewer‐administered, but reported distress levels did not differ by mode of administration.ConclusionsCancer‐related stressors are common and burdensome in HNCa and, therefore, merit clinical attention. Identifying specific stressors will allow more targeted and effective interventions to alleviate and prevent distress. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fabrication and Operation of a Microcavity Plasma Array Device for Microscale Surface Modification
Authors: Al‐Bataineh Sameer A. , Szili Endre J. , Gruner Philipp J. , Priest Craig , Griesser Hans J. , Voelcker Nicolas H. , Short Robert D. , Steele David A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractSurface modification of materials with microscale features through plasma treatment or deposition is of high value, and is considered one of the great challenges in plasma‐based materials processing. This article reports a versatile method for the fabrication of microcavity plasma array devices. A 7 × 7 microcavity plasma array device (each cavity was 250 µm in diameter and separated by 500 µm) was used in this study to demonstrate the capability of these devices for localised, non‐contact surface treatment/polymer deposition. The device can be reused multiple times for plasma treatment and polymerisation. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) imaging and region of interest (ROI) analysis, in addition to surface hydration, were employed to characterise the micropatterns on microplasma‐treated PS. The results showed that microplasma treatment/deposition could be spatially confined to regions exposed to the individual ignited microcavities. However, the results also demonstrated that the size of the treated spots tended to increase with increasing treatment time until they eventually overlapped resulting in a homogeneous surface treatment confined to the size of the array. Similarly, the concentration of oxygen quantified on the treated spots reached saturation after 75 s of treatment. The versatility of the device was demonstrated by depositing an array of octadiene plasma polymer (ODpp) onto a silicon substrate as confirmed by XPS imaging and ROI analysis. A key advantage of these microcavity array devices is that they can be easily integrated into manufacturing and do not require contact with the substrate surface to impart well‐defined chemical modifications on materials surfaces.magnified image
Deposition of Amorphous Hydrogenated Carbon Nitride Films with a Dielectric Barrier Discharge
Authors: Martens Ulrike , Thejaswini H. C. , Majumdar Abhijit , Hippler Rainer 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThin amorphous carbon nitride (CNx) films have been deposited by DBD plasma. Deposition experiments have been performed on flat silicon (100) substrates using a C2H6/N2 gas mixture and deposition times of up to 6 h. The C2H6/N2 gas ratio has been varied between 1:1 and 1:5 to observe the influence of the feeding gas mixture on the chemical composition of the deposited films. The experiments were performed at gas pressures of 300 and 500 mbar. The chemical composition and bond structure of the deposited CNx films were evaluated by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and by attenuated total reflectance‐Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. The results show that the chemical composition of amorphous CNx thin films depends on the working gas composition. Films deposited with higher nitrogen gas concentrations show a larger N/C ratio, an increase of C=N and C≡N bonds, and become harder.magnified image
Focus on personal operational discipline to get work done right
Authors: Klein James A. , Francisco Eduardo M. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA focus on operational discipline (OD) is typically an important factor in helping organizations achieve excellent safety performance by preventing injuries and serious incidents. Programs to improve OD must include both an organizational focus for site leadership to implement appropriate systems and a personal focus for workers at all levels to complete their work the right way, every time, following these systems. This article will discuss DuPont's OD program with emphasis on the personal focus needed to consistently get work done correctly and safely. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf, 2012.
Evaluation of neonicotinoid, organophosphate and avermectin trunk injections for the management of avocado thrips in California avocado groves
Authors: Byrne Frank J , Urena Anthony A , Robinson Lindsay J , Krieger Robert I , Doccola Joe , Morse Joseph G 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Trunk injections of systemic insecticides were evaluated for the management of avocado thrips. Insecticide residues were quantified in leaves to determine when after treatment, and for how long, toxic concentrations of the insecticides were present. Residues in fruit were quantified to determine whether trunk injection of insecticides might present a greater risk than traditional application methods for contaminating fruit.RESULTS: Residues of imidacloprid and dinotefuran were at least tenfold higher in leaves when trees were treated via trunk injection compared with soil application. Dinotefuran uptake was more rapid than imidacloprid, and no residues were detected within fruit. Acephate was also mobilized very rapidly and gave good control of thrips in bioassays; however, residues of acephate and its insecticidal metabolite methamidophos were detected in the fruit for up to 4 weeks after injection. Avermectin uptake was very slow, and it was ineffective against avocado thrips.CONCLUSIONS: Trunk injections of acephate and dinotefuran permitted rapid uptake into avocados, and they are strong candidates as control methods for avocado thrips. However, residues of organophosphates in fruit could necessitate increased preharvest intervals. Residues of neonicotinoids were below detection limits in fruit, suggesting that neonicotinoids may be the more suitable control option of the two chemical classes. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Insecticidal activity against Aedes aegypti of m‐pentadecadienyl‐phenol isolated from Myracrodruon urundeuva seeds
Authors: Souza Terezinha M , Cunha Arcelina P , Farias Davi F , Machado Lyeghyna K , Morais Selene M , Ricardo Nágila MPS , Carvalho Ana FU 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr. Allemao is a common tree in the Caatinga that has been widely used for various medical purposes. Previous studies showed that the ethanol seed extract of M. urundeuva has potent activity against the larval stage of the dengue vector Aedes aegypti. Given this potential insecticidal activity, bioguided separation steps were performed in order to isolate the active compound(s).RESULTS: The isolation process resulted in only one active chemical compound, identified by infrared spectroscopy and mass spectrometry as m‐pentadecadienyl‐phenol. This compound presented potent larvicidal and pupicidal activity (LC50 10.16 and 99.06 µg mL−1 respectively) and great egg hatching inhibitory activity (IC50 49.79 µg mL−1). The mode of action was investigated through observations of behavioural and morphological changes performed in third‐instar larvae treated with m‐pentadecadienyl‐phenol solution after 1, 6, 12, 16 and 20 h of exposure. Some changes were observed as flooding of the tracheal system, alterations in siphonal valves and anal gills and lethargy, probably caused by the strong anticholinesterasic activity reported previously.CONCLUSION: The compound isolated from M. urundeuva seeds, m‐pentadecadienyl‐phenol, showed potent activity against immature stages of dengue vector, Ae. aegypti, being considered the main larvicidal principle. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Paliperidone palmitate: monthly depot injection for schizophrenia
Authors: McGowan Jamie , Taylor Mark 
Published: March 2012

AbstractPaliperidone palmitate is a long‐acting antipsychotic injection that has recently been licensed for use in the management of schizo ‐ phrenia. The authors describe its properties and the trial evidence for its efficacy and safety, and consider its place in the management of schizophrenia. Copyright © 2012 Wiley Interface Ltd
An investigation of the error budget of tropical rainfall accumulation derived from merged passive microwave and infrared satellite measurements
Authors: Chambon Philippe , Jobard Isabelle , Roca Rémy , Viltard Nicolas 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAn ongoing change in the theoretical framework from deterministic to probabilistic satellite rainfall estimations emerges from applications that require an error associated with rain estimates. The error budget for accumulated rainfall consists of several terms; these terms are related to sampling, algorithmic and calibration errors. From a number of studies, various errors were derived which have improved our understanding of the different terms in this error budget. In this paper, a methodological effort leading to the evaluation of a Tropical Amount of Precipitation with an Estimation of ERrors (TAPEER) is presented. It involves first merging passive microwave instantaneous rain rates from the BRAIN algorithm together with infrared imagery to build rain accumulations, and then evaluating the different terms of the error budget using two techniques. A dedicated error model is used to evaluate sampling errors and a forward error propagation approach is used for the estimation of algorithmic and calibration errors. One of the main findings in this study is the large contribution of the sampling errors and the algorithmic errors of BRAIN on medium rain rates (2–10 mm h−1) in the total error budget. This methodology leads to the formulation of a satellite rainfall product called TAPEER‐BRAIN. This product will be one of the operational rainfall products for the Megha‐Tropiques mission and will provide 1°/1‐day accumulated rainfall estimations and associated error over the whole tropical belt. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Spin quenching of Mn in complexes and CO binding with Mn deposited on MgO and CaO supports: DFT calculations
Authors: Shalabi Ahmad S. , Abdel Aal Safaa , Abdel Halim Wael S. , Abdullah Noha 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAn attempt has been made to analyze the spin quenching properties of Mn, as a representative of transition metals, in Mn·MgO, Mn·CaO, OC·Mn·MgO, and OC·Mn·CaO complexes formed at the regular (001) surfaces of MgO and CaO, as well as the adsorption of CO on Mn deposited on MgO and CaO by means of hybrid density functional theory calculations and embedded cluster model. Clusters of moderate sizes were embedded in the simulated Coulomb fields that closely approximate the Madelung fields of the host surfaces. A test has been made to examine the effect of artificial flow of charge. While the spin states of Mn in Mn·MgO and Mn·CaO complexes are preserved, the combined effects of adsorbate and substrate in OC·Mn·MgO and OC·Mn·CaO complexes are strong enough to favor the low spin states and to quench the spin. The deposited Mn atoms enhance the adsorption of CO on MgO and CaO surfaces. The significant weakening of bond strength between OC and Mn in complexes supports the concept of bond order conservation. The relation between the strength of CO adsorption and the basicity of the support is verified. The natural bond orbital analysis reveals that the electronic structure of the adsorbed metal represents a qualitative change with respect to that of the free metal. The effects of spin contamination on the geometry, Mulliken charges, and adsorption energy are examined. The binding of CO precursor is dominated by the E(i)Mn···CO pairwise additive components in MgO and CaO complexs, and the role of the support is not restricted to supporting the metal. The adsorbed CO molecules exhibit no remarkable deviation from linearity. Finally, relations are established between the process of spin quenching and the energy gaps between frontier orbitals. The results show that the spin state of adsorbed metal atoms on oxide supports and the role of precursor molecules on the magnetic and binding properties of complexes need to be explicitly taken into account. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comprehensive understanding of size‐, shape‐, and composition‐dependent polarizabilities of SimCn (m, n = 1–4) clusters
Authors: Lan You‐Zhao , Kang Hong‐Lan , Niu Tao 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe performed a comprehensive study of the size‐, shape‐, and composition‐dependent polarizabilities of SimCn (m, n = 1–4) clusters on the basis of the density‐functional‐based coupled perturbed Hartree–Fock calculations. We found better correlations between the polarizabilities and both the binding energies (Eb) and change in charge distribution (Δq) than the energy gaps. The α values exhibit overall decreasing and increasing trends with increases in the Eb and Δq values, respectively. For isomers with the same Eb values and different polarizabilities, Δq can well explain the difference in polarizabilities. The π‐electron delocalization effect is the best factor for understanding the shape‐dependence. For a given m/n value, the linear clusters have an obviously larger polarizability than both the prolate and compact clusters, irrespective of the cluster size. We fit a quantitative expression [α = A − (A − B) × exp(−k(m/n))] to describe the composition‐dependent polarizabilities. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On the •OH and •OOH scavenging activity of 3‐methyl‐1‐pyridin‐2‐yl‐5‐pyrazolone: Comparisons with its parent compound, edaravone
Authors: Pérez‐González Adriana , Galano Annia 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe free radical scavenging activity of 3‐methyl‐1‐pyridin‐2‐yl‐5‐pyrazolone (pyridyl) has been studied in aqueous and lipid solutions, using the density functional theory. Four mechanisms of reaction have been considered: single electron transfer, sequential proton electron transfer (SPET), hydrogen transfer, and radical adduct formation. It was found that the reaction with •OH occur at diffusion‐limited rate, which is very similar to that of edaravone, regardless of the polarity of the environment. This indicates that they are both excellent •OH scavengers. Regarding the •OOH scavenging activity of pyridyl, in lipid media it was predicted to be about 15 times higher than that of edaravone. However, in this case they were found to be rather poor •OOH scavengers in lipid media. On the contrary, they are predicted to be excellent •OOH scavengers in aqueous solution. In fact, they were found to be among the best peroxyl radical scavengers in such medium. The rates constants of the •OOH reactions with pyridyl and edaravone, in aqueous solution, were estimated to be 1.1 × 107 and 4.3 × 108 M−1 s−1, respectively. The outstanding scavenging activity of these compounds was attributed to the presence of their anionic forms, which are much more reactive than the neutral species. The reactions with •OOH were found to take place almost exclusively by the SPET mechanism. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A new method of calculation of interionic Coulomb exchange contribution to the crystal field parameters
Authors: Gajek Z. , Mulak J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA new numerical technique is applied to calculate the Coulomb exchange interaction for two‐center charge‐density distributions. This is an important contribution to the crystal field parameters. The computational innovation refers to the summation of an infinite series of integrals appearing as the result of the transformation of two‐center system into the common coordinate one. It was noticed and verified by means of numerical experiment.
Theoretical investigation of the Na+ + H2 system. II. Fit of the potential energy surface for inelastic collision calculations
Authors: Schneider Frank , Jeziorek Danuta , Kejna Adam , Żurawski Bronisław 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA potential‐energy hypersurface of the Na+/H2 system obtained by means of CEPA‐PNO calculations has been fitted for a range of total collision energies up to ∼3 eV. The accuracy of the fit is reasonable with error less than 1.5 kcal/mol. The three‐dimensional surface has been obtained by means of a method based on one‐dimensional optimization steps for simple analytic expressions of the Morse type.
Davidson‐type corrections for quasidegenerate states
Authors: Jankowski K. , Meissner L. , Wasilewski J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractTwo new extensions of Davidson‐type size‐consistency collections to the case of quasidegenerate states are presented and applied to a simple model system in which the degree of quasidegeneracy can be continuously varied. The eight‐electron model studied is a minimum basis set model involving eight hydrogen atoms in various spatial arrangements. The results are compared with the full CI energies as well as with those obtained with the CI‐D, MRCI‐D, coupled‐pair, and linear coupled‐pair methods. Two extensions of the Davidson correction recently devised by Paldus are also employed. The results indicate that all the Davidson‐type corrections yield reliable correlation energies in the case of strong quasidegeneracies.
Hepatitis C virus entry: beyond receptors
Authors: Meredith Luke W. , Wilson Garrick K. , Fletcher Nicola F. , McKeating Jane A. 
Published: March 2012

SUMMARYHCV is a blood‐borne pathogen that affects approximately 3% of the global population and leads to progressive liver disease. Recent advances have identified an essential role for host cell molecules: tetraspanin CD81, scavenger receptor B1 and the tight junction proteins claudin‐1 and occludin in HCV entry, suggesting a complex multi‐step process. The conserved nature of this receptor‐dependent step in the viral life cycle offers an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. Evidence is emerging that additional factors other than classical receptors, such as inflammatory mediators regulate the ability of hepatocytes to support HCV entry, and as such may provide potential avenues for drug design and development. In this review, we summarise the recent literature on HCV entry mechanisms with a view to realising the future potential of therapeutically targeting this process. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Participating in science at home: Recognition work and learning in biology
Authors: Zimmerman Heather Toomey 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis article presents an analysis of the longitudinal consequences of out‐of‐school science learning with a conceptual framework that connects the intentions of youth to their participation in science. The focus is on one girl's science activities in her home and hobby pursuits from fourth to seventh grade to create an empirical account of how youth gain access to scientific knowledge and science practices in informal learning environments. The analysis uses fieldnotes, videotape recordings, and transcripts centered on the epistemic, social, and material resources related to learning in biology. The focal participant of the study, Penelope, engaged with animal activities in her home and hobby pursuits in ways that overlapped scientific practice. She (1) engaged in observational inquiry, (2) used media to understand animal behavior, (3) tinkered with feeding to keep her animals healthy, and (4) manipulated her animals and animal‐related artifacts to create routines and safe indoor habitats. Penelope used these four competencies to gain access to new science learning situations in school and afterschool settings. Yet, as she participated in science practices around animals, she sought to be recognized as uninterested in science. Instead, she used her talk and activities to be recognized in animal caretaking roles in the settings that mattered to her. Penelope's behavior of distancing herself from science while still seeking out experiences to learn about animal biology shows that recognition work is a complex negotiation between aspects of one's self and of science. Implications to theories are drawn related to science education and recognition work. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 49: 597–630, 2012