bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CE immunoassay with enhanced chemiluminescence detection of erythropoietin using silica dioxide nanoparticles as pseudostationary phase
Authors: Wang Wenjun , Zhang Sichun , Liu Chenghui , Lu Lingzhao , Wang Shidong , Zhang Xinrong 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe measurement of serum erythropoietin (EPO) is important for the detection of recombinant human EPO misuse in sports. In this paper, we have developed a sensitive and rapid CE immunoassay with enhanced chemiluminescence detection of EPO, in which silica dioxide nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) were used as the pseudostationary phase to improve the separation efficiency of analytes. By adopting SiO2 NPs in the CE immunoassay, the separation can be successfully performed in neutral running buffer solution. However, running buffer of extreme pH was still necessary for the conventional CZE mode. Neutral phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) containing SiO2 NPs and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) was chosen as running buffer. The influences of SiO2 NPs, PEO and buffer concentration on the separation efficiency and EPO detection were investigated. EPO‐horse radish peroxidase (HRP) and immunocomplex were baseline separated in a 10 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) consisting of 0.08% PEO and 0.08% SiO2 NPs. The linear range for EPO was 1.8–158.0 ng/mL and the detection limit was 0.9 ng/mL. The assay was successfully applied for the quantification of EPO in human sera and the results correlated well with those obtained using chemiluminescence immunoassay kits, thus demonstrating that the present method was a potential powerful tool for EPO misuse detection and clinical diagnosis.
Differentiation of Staphylococcus aureus strains by CE, zeta potential and coagulase gene polymorphism
Authors: Kłodzińska Ewa , Szumski Michał , Hrynkiewicz Katarzyna , Dziubakiewicz Ewelina , Jackowski Marek , Buszewski Bogusław 
Published: August 2009

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus is a common cause of infection in both hospitals and the community, and it is becoming increasingly virulent and resistant to antibiotics. Possibilities of fast, sensitive and cheap determination of these pathogenic bacteria are extremely important in antimicrobial therapy. In the present study, CE with chemically modified capillary and zeta potential measurements were used for differentiation of three different clinical strains of S. aureus. The data presented in this contribution suggested that electrophoretic behavior and the values of zeta potential should be very useful in distinguishing between closely related strains, which exhibited coagulase gene/protein polymorphism. Understanding the differences between S. aureus strains could help to improve our knowledge about S. aureus pathogenecity and to monitor for and respond to emergence of more virulent strains.
The consequences of sample pooling in proteomics: An empirical study
Authors: Diz Angel P. , Truebano Manuela , Skibinski David O. F. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractPooling of samples in proteomics experiments might help overcome resource constraints when many individuals are analysed. The measured biological variation should be reduced giving increased power to detect treatment differences. Pooling has been advocated in microarray work but there are few tests of its potential in proteomics. In this study, we examine three issues on which the success of the pooling approach might hinge and provide evidence that: (i) the protein expression in a pool matches the mean expression of the individuals making up the pool for the majority of proteins, although for some proteins the pool expression is different; (ii) the biological variance between pools is reduced compared with that between individuals, as predicted in theory, but this reduction is not as large as expected. A practical consequence of this is that power could be reduced; (iii) proteins detectable in individual samples are usually but not always visible when samples are pooled. We conclude that pooling of samples in proteomics work is a valid and potentially valuable procedure but consideration should be given to these issues in experimental design.
Oil‐based gas washing—Flexible tar removal for high‐efficient production of clean heat and power as well as sustainable fuels and chemicals
Authors: Zwart R.W.R. , Van der Drift A. , Bos A. , Visser H.J.M. , Cieplik M.K. , Könemann H.W.J. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe Energy research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN) and Dahlman Industrial Group have developed a flexible tar removal process. This oil‐based gas washing process, OLGA, besides tars, also removes dust as well as contaminants like thiophenes and dioxins from the product gas of a (biomass) gasifier. At ECN, the OLGA technology is currently applied within the Substitute Natural Gas (SNG) production process based on indirect gasification. As OLGA removes tars, but not the valuable lighter hydrocarbons like methane (CH4), acetylene (C2H2), and ethylene (C2H4), it plays a crucial role in high‐efficient SNG production processes. The OLGA in the past has been demonstrated successfully upstream Fischer‐Tropsch diesel (FT) synthesis and in Combined Heat and Power (CHP) line ups as well though, where in the latter case besides the crucial tar removal it showed also to remove dioxins present in the product gas. As such, OLGA plays a crucial role in the production of clean heat and power. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2009
Thermodynamics of autothermal wood gasification
Authors: Mevissen Nora , Schulzke Tim , Unger Christoph A. , an Bhaird Sean Mac 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis work extensively studies the thermodynamics of air blown autothermal wood gasification at adiabatic conditions. To this end, the software package HSC Chemistry® was used to determine the composition of the synthesis gas at thermodynamic equilibrium. This software operates on the basis of Gibb's energy minimization. In the model, dry and ash‐free wood has been represented by CH1.44O0.66. Dry air has been modeled as a mixture of oxygen, nitrogen and argon. As the calculations were carried out with respect to adiabatic conditions, it was necessary to determine the adiabatic flame temperature via heat and mass balances. This approach of adopting adiabatic conditions, though generally not taken into consideration in thermodynamic studies, is seen as beneficial, providing additional information with regard to the gasifier operating point. A sensitivity analysis was conducted. The influence of parameters like equivalence ratio, water content of wood fuel and air preheating on adiabatic flame temperature and cold gas efficiency is discussed. For air at ambient temperature, the highest cold gas efficiency is achieved with an equivalence ratio of about 0.28. This was dependent to some small degree on the water content of the fuel wood. With increased air preheating, the maximum cold gas efficiency is increased and shifted to lower equivalence ratios. For wet wood, it transpired to be more efficient to use the sensible heat from the synthesis gas for drying of the fuel rather than preheating of the air. Finally, calculated values are compared to measurements from a circulating fluidised bed gasifier. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2009
Small molecule XIAP inhibitors sensitize childhood acute leukemia cells for CD95‐induced apoptosis
Authors: Loeder Sandra , Drensek Annekathrin , Jeremias Irmela , Debatin Klaus‐Michael , Fulda Simone 
Published: August 2009

AbstractEscape of apoptosis may contribute to treatment failure in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) calling for new approaches to overcome apoptosis resistance. Here, we provide for the first time evidence that small molecule inhibitors that target the anti‐apoptotic protein X‐linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) sensitize ALL cells for CD95‐induced apoptosis. XIAP inhibitors at subtoxic concentrations, but not a structurally related control compound, act synergistically with agonistic anti‐CD95 antibodies or MegaFasL, a hexameric form of CD95 ligand, to induce apoptosis in ALL cells. Further, XIAP inhibitors co‐operate with MegaFasL to reduce clonogenic survival of ALL cells demonstrating their effect also on long‐term survival. In contrast, XIAP inhibitors show little effect on MegaFasL‐mediated apoptosis in normal peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs), pointing to some tumor selectivity. Molecular studies reveal that XIAP inhibitors enhance CD95‐induced activation of caspases, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and cytochrome c release in a caspase‐dependent manner. Importantly, XIAP inhibitors sensitize primary leukemic blasts from children with ALL for MegaFasL‐induced apoptosis. Thus, small molecule XIAP inhibitors present a promising novel approach to enhance CD95‐induced apoptosis in childhood acute leukemia.
Detailed examination of lymph nodes improves prognostication in colorectal cancer
Authors: Doekhie Fania S. , Mesker Wilma E. , Kuppen Peter J. , van Leeuwen Gijs A. , Morreau Hans , de Bock Geertruida H. , Putter Hein , Tanke Hans J. , van de Velde Cornelis J. , Tollenaar Rob A. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractUp to 30% of stage II patients with curatively resected colorectal cancer (CRC) will develop disease recurrence. We evaluated whether examination of lymph nodes by multilevel sectioning and immunohistochemical staining can improve prognostication. Lymph nodes (n = 780) from 36 CRC patients who had developed disease recurrence (cases) and 72 patients who showed no recurrence of disease for at least 5 years (controls) were analyzed. Sections of 4 levels at 200‐μm interval were immunohistochemically stained for cytokeratin expression. The first level was analyzed by conventional and automated microscopy, and the 3 following levels were analyzed by automated microscopy for the presence of tumor cells. Overall, cases showed more micrometastases (3 patients) than controls (1 patient). Analysis of a second level led to the additional detection of 1 patient with micrometastases (case) and 1 patient with macrometastasis (case). Examining more levels only led to additional isolated tumor cells, which were equally divided between cases and controls. Likewise, automated microscopy resulted only in detection of additional isolated tumor cells when compared with conventional microscopy. In multivariate analysis, micrometastases [odds ratio (OR) 26.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.9–364.8, p = 0.015], T4 stage (OR 4.8, 95% CI 1.4–16.7, p = 0.013) and number of lymph nodes (OR 0.9, 95% CI 0.8–1.0, p = 0.028) were independent predictors for disease recurrence. Lymph node analysis of 2 levels and immunohistochemical staining add to the detection of macrometastases and micrometastases in CRC. Micrometastases were found to be an independent predictor of disease recurrence. Isolated tumor cells were of no prognostic significance.
CD133 is indicative for a resistance phenotype but does not represent a prognostic marker for survival of non‐small cell lung cancer patients
Authors: Salnikov Alexei V. , Gladkich Jury , Moldenhauer Gerhard , Volm Manfred , Mattern Jürgen , Herr Ingrid 
Published: August 2009

AbstractDespite advances in anticancer treatment, lung cancer still has poor prognosis. Recently, a cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis has emerged describing a small subset of tumor cells with stem cell properties. CSCs found in many solid tumors express CD133 antigen on the cell surface. The presence of CSC is correlated with poor survival of patients with glioblastomas, colon or prostate cancers. In this study, we evaluated whether CD133 expression in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has a prognostic value in patients' survival. We also analyzed whether CD133 positivity of NSCLC correlates with the expression of resistance‐related proteins, angiogenic factors, oncogenes, proliferative activity or apoptosis. CD133 expression was retrospectively examined in a total of 88 cases of previously untreated NSCLC by immunohistochemistry. We found no correlation between CD133 positivity or the amount of CD133+ cells with NSCLC patients' survival, expression of oncogenes c‐myc, c‐N‐ras, c‐jun, c‐fos, c‐erbB1, c‐erbB2 or p53, angiogenic factors VEGF, VEGFR‐1, FGF, FGFR‐1, tissue factor and with proliferative activity or apoptosis in NSCLC tissues. However, there was a significant association between the expression of resistance‐related proteins glutathione S‐transferase, thymidylate synthase, catalase, O6‐methylguanine‐DNA methyltransferase and p170 and CD133. Because CD133 expression is linked to a resistant phenotype, detection of CD133+ cells may be useful to predict efficacy of cytotoxic therapy but CD133 is not a strong prognostic parameter for survival of patients with NSCLC.
Downregulations of B‐cell lymphoma 2 and myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1 by microRNA 153 induce apoptosis in a glioblastoma cell line DBTRG‐05MG
Authors: Xu Jianzhen , Liao Xuemei , Wong Chiwai 
Published: August 2009

AbstractMicroRNA‐153 (miR‐153) is a brain‐specific miRNA that is expressed at a significantly lower level in glioblastoma (GBM) relative to non‐neoplastic brain tissue. Although the expression pattern of miR‐153 has been extensively established, its target genes and cellular mechanism remain undefined. To investigate into the potential function of miR‐153 in glioblastmas, we transfected a GBM cell line DBTRG‐05MG with synthetic miR‐153 oligos and observed decreased cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that anti‐apoptosis family member B‐cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‐2) and myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1 (Mcl‐1) are potential targets of miR‐153. Indeed, Western blot analysis indicated that miR‐153 downregulated both Bcl‐2 and Mcl‐1 at the protein levels. Single strand miR‐153 inhibitor, which forms complementary base‐pair with endogenous miR‐153, efficiently blocked the apoptosis and target protein degradation induced by overexpression of miR‐153. By luciferase reporter assays, we further showed that miR‐153 inhibited Bcl‐2 and Mcl‐1 expressions by directly targeting the 3′UTR regions of their respective mRNAs.
BIIB021, a synthetic Hsp90 inhibitor, has broad application against tumors with acquired multidrug resistance
Authors: Zhang Hong , Neely Laura , Lundgren Karen , Yang Yong‐Ching , Lough Rachel , Timple Noel , Burrows Francis 
Published: August 2009

Abstract17‐AAG, the first‐generation clinical Hsp90 inhibitor, exhibits promising antitumor activity in clinical studies, but is limited by poor solubility and hepatotoxicity. To pursue compounds with better biopharmaceutical properties, we have developed a series of fully synthetic orally bioavailable inhibitors of Hsp90. Here, we report that 17‐AAG and other ansamycin derivatives are inactive in P‐gp and/or MRP‐1 expressing cell lines and sensitivity could be restored by coadministration of P‐gp or MRP inhibitors. In contrast, the synthetic Hsp90 inhibitor, BIIB021 was active in these models. Accordingly, BIIB021 was considerably more active than 17‐AAG against adrenocortical carcinoma, a tumor that naturally expresses P‐gp, both in vitro and in vivo. This efflux pump‐mediated resistance is manifested in both cytotoxicity assays and measurements of target inhibition, such as client protein degradation. Other than this, the cytotoxic activity of BIIB021 was also not influenced by loss of NQO1 or Bcl‐2 overexpression, molecular lesions that do not prevent client loss but are nonetheless associated with reduced cell killing by 17‐AAG. Our results indicate that the activity of 17‐AAG and other ansamycins may be curtailed in tumors that have upregulated efflux pumps or antiapoptotic proteins or other genetic alterations. These data indicate that the new generation of synthetic anti‐Hsp90 drugs, exemplified by BIIB021 that is currently undergoing Phase II testing, may have broader application against tumors with acquired multidrug resistance or tumors located in organs protected by MDR proteins, such as the adrenal glands, brain and testis.
Diagnostic and prognostic implications of microRNA profiling in prostate carcinoma
Authors: Schaefer Annika , Jung Monika , Mollenkopf Hans‐Joachim , Wagner Ina , Stephan Carsten , Jentzmik Florian , Miller Kurt , Lein Michael , Kristiansen Glen , Jung Klaus 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the microRNA (miRNA) profile in prostate carcinoma tissue by microarray analysis and RT‐qPCR, to clarify associations of miRNA expression with clinicopathologic data and to evaluate the potential of miRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic markers. Matched tumor and adjacent normal tissues were obtained from 76 radical prostatectomy specimens. Twenty‐four tissue pairs were analyzed using human miRNA microarrays for 470 human miRNAs. Differentially expressed miRNAs were validated by TaqMan RT‐qPCR using all 76 tissue pairs. The diagnostic potential of miRNAs was calculated by receiver operating characteristics analyses. The prognostic value was assessed in terms of biochemical recurrence using Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses. Fifteen differentially expressed miRNAs were identified with concordant fold‐changes by microarray and RT‐qPCR analyses. Ten microRNAs (hsa‐miR‐16, hsa‐miR‐31, hsa‐miR‐125b, hsa‐miR‐145, hsa‐miR‐149, hsa‐miR‐181b, hsa‐miR‐184, hsa‐miR‐205, hsa‐miR‐221, hsa‐miR‐222) were downregulated and 5 miRNAs (hsa‐miR‐96, hsa‐miR‐182, hsa‐miR‐182*, hsa‐miR‐183, hsa‐375) were upregulated. Expression of 5 miRNAs correlated with Gleason score or pathological tumor stage. Already 2 microRNAs classified up to 84% of malignant and nonmalignant samples correctly. Expression of hsa‐miR‐96 was associated with cancer recurrence after radical prostatectomy and that prognostic information was confirmed by an independent tumor sample set from 79 patients. That was shown with hsa‐miR‐96 and the Gleason score as final variables in the Cox models build in the 2 patient sets investigated. Thus, differential miRNAs in prostate cancer are useful diagnostic and prognostic indicators. This study provides a solid basis for further functional analyses of miRNAs in prostate cancer.
Non‐Gaussian dynamic Bayesian modelling for panel data
Authors: Juárez Miguel A. , Steel Mark F. J. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA first order autoregressive non‐Gaussian model for analysing panel data is proposed. The main feature is that the model is able to accommodate fat tails and also skewness, thus allowing for outliers and asymmetries. The modelling approach is designed to gain sufficient flexibility, without sacrificing interpretability and computational ease. The model incorporates individual effects and covariates and we pay specific attention to the elicitation of the prior. As the prior structure chosen is not proper, we derive conditions for the existence of the posterior. By considering a model with individual dynamic parameters we are also able to formally test whether the dynamic behaviour is common to all units in the panel. The methodology is illustrated with two applications involving earnings data and one on growth of countries. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physicochemical properties of KDML 105 rice cultivar from different cultivated locations in Thailand
Authors: Pitiphunpong Sawidtree , Suwannaporn Prisana 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: The eating quality of KDML 105 rice cultivar, or Jasmine rice, differs greatly based on its cultivated location. Classifying KDML 105 rice according to its cultivated location could help in understanding the different characteristics of rice which affect its eating quality.RESULTS: The pasting and calorimetric properties of KDML 105 rice from eight locations where Jasmine rice is cultivated were determined using a Rapid Visco Analyzer (RVA) and Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied in order to classify the cultivated locations of KDML 105 according to their pasting and calorimetric properties. PCA yielded four factors which accounted for 92.7% of the total explained variance. KDML 105 rice cultivated in different locations was subdivided into five areas: (1) the upper central region; (2) the upper northeast region; (3) the lower northeast region; (4) the lower central/northeast region; and (5) the lower northern region and the upper north‐east region. These groups agreed well with the classification of favourable planting areas for Jasmine rice in Thailand. The less favourable cultivated areas correlated either with breakdown and setback or thermal properties. The most favourable locations for quality Jasmine rice in Thailand were correlated with peak viscosity, trough and final viscosity.CONCLUSION: The location of KDML 105 rice cultivation had an impact on cooked rice quality. Pasting and thermal properties of gelatinisation and retrogradation parameters could be used to explain the quality of KDML 105 rice cultivated in different locations. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Endogenous lysine in ileal digesta in the growing rat determined using different methods
Authors: Awati Ajay , Rutherfurd Shane M , Kies Arie K , Veyry Aude , Moughan Paul J 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Endogenous lysine in ileal digesta has been determined directly using highly digestible proteins and hydrolysates and assuming a complete absorption of dietary amino acids. In this study, the endogenous lysine in the ileal digesta of rats fed casein was determined using the guanidination method (baseline) and directly (assuming complete digestion and absorption) for casein and a highly hydrolysed casein. The peptide alimentation/ultrafiltration technique was also used to determine the endogenous ileal lysine for the casein hydrolysate (Peptopro®).RESULTS: Mean endogenous ileal lysine for rats given the unguanidinated casein and determined directly assuming complete digestion and absorption (644 mg kg−1 dry matter intake (DMI)) or for a highly hydrolysed casein with the same assumption (596 mg kg−1 DMI) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than the endogenous ileal lysine for casein determined using the guanidination method (274 mg kg−1 DMI). The endogenous lysine in ileal digesta for a casein hydrolysate determined using the alimentation/ultrafiltration method (302 mg kg−1 DMI) was not significantly (P < 0.05) different from that based on the guanidination method but was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than the equivalent endogenous lysine determined directly.CONCLUSION: Dietary amino acids are not completely absorbed from casein or its hydrolysate and determining endogenous amino acids in ileal digesta directly, assuming complete absorption, overestimates the amount of endogenous ileal amino acids. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry