bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microsurgery of the Third Ventricle: Part 1
Authors: Yamamoto Isao , Rhoton Albert L. , Peace David A. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The 3rd ventricle is one of the most surgically inaccessible areas in the brain. It is impossible to reach its cavity without incising some neural structures. Twenty-five cadaveric brains were examined in detail to evaluate the surgically important relationships of the walls of the 3rd ventricle. The routes through which the 3rd ventricle can be reached are: (a) from above, through the foramen of Monro and the roof after entering the lateral ventricle through the corpus callosum or the cerebral cortex; (b) from anterior, through the lamina terminalis; (c) from below, through the floor if it has been stretched by tumor; and (d) from posterior, through the pineal region or from the posterior part of the lateral ventricle through the crus of the fornix. The posterior part of the circle of Willis and the basilar artery are intimately related to the floor, the anterior part of the circle of Willis and the anterior cerebral and anterior communicating arteries are related to the anterior wall, and the posterior cerebral artery supplies the posterior wall. The deep cerebral venous system is intimately related to the 3rd ventricle; the internal cerebral vein is related to the roof, and the basal vein is related to the floor. The junction of these veins with the great vein forms a formidable obstacle to the operative approach to the pineal gland and the posterior part of the 3rd ventricle.
Extracranial Metastases of Oligodendroglioma
Authors: Ordóñez Nelson G. , Ayala Alberto G. , Leavens Milam E. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The case of a 33-year-old woman with oligodendroglioma with extraneural metastases involving the masseter muscle, the cervical lymph nodes, the lumbar vertebrae, and the right iliac bone is described. Oligodendroglioma with metastases outside the central nervous system is extremely rare, and only a very few cases have been reported.
Compression of the Ulnar Nerve in Guyon's Canal by a Soft Tissue Giant Cell Tumor
Authors: Rengachary Setti S. , Arjunan Kadayampatti 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
A case of compression of the deep motor branch of the ulnar nerve in Guyon's canal by a giant cell tumor arising from the carpometacarpal joint is described. The pertinent anatomy and clinical features are reviewed.
Occurrence and Implications of Seizures in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Due to Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Hart Robert G. , Byer John A. , Slaughter James R. , Hewett John E. , Easton Donald J. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The records of 100 consecutive cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage due to ruptured aneurysm were reviewed to determine the incidence and the prognostic implications of seizures during the acute phase. Seizures occurred in 26% of the patients. Sixty-three per cent of the seizures occurred near the onset of the initial hemorrhage. The occurrence of these early seizures did not correlate with the location of the aneurysm or the prognosis. Most of the remaining seizures occurred immediately after rebleeding, with no greater morbidity or mortality compared to all patients who rebled. Pathogenic mechanisms of seizures associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage are proposed and discussed.
Biological Features of Meningiomas That Determine the Production of Cerebral Edema
Authors: Smith Harold P. , Challa Venkata R. , Moody Dixon M. , Kelly David L. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Although meningiomas are known to cause varying degrees of cerebral edema, the relative importance of their location, size, histological subtype, and other histological features in the production of cerebral edema has not been studied adequately. Therefore, we undertook a retrospective analysis of 43 meningiomas excised between 1975 and 1980. The results indicate that histological subtype has no relationship to the production of cerebral edema, with one exception. Meningiomas containing partly or completely a hemangiopericytic component were the only histological subtype associated consistently with cerebral edema. The location of a meningioma per se may not determine the production of cerebral edema. A relationship between size, aggressive histological features, vascular proliferative changes, and the production of cerebral edema was seen. The need for and the nature of further studies required to explain the cerebral edema that may be associated with small meningiomas are discussed.
Neurosurgical Admissions to the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Knaus William A. , Draper Elizabeth , Lawrence Diane E. , Wagner Douglas P. , Zimmerman Jack E. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Among 624 consecutive admissions to a medical-surgical intensive care unit (ICU), we identified 289 patients admitted for concentrated nursing care and intensive monitoring of whom only 44 (15%) received active treatment before discharge. Within this group were 82 patients admitted after uncomplicated elective neurosurgery. Only 1 of these patients required active treatment before discharge. None had any major physiological abnormality detected by electronic monitoring, and no patient required readmission to the ICU or died during hospitalization. These 82 neurosurgical admissions accounted for 13% of the total admissions over the study period and 10.5% of the total number of ICU days. The admission of these patients to the ICU was prompted by the need for labor-intensive services, such as hourly neurological checks, that were not available on the regular hospital floor. For stable postoperative neurosurgical patients, improved staffing of hospital wards could lead to a reduction in the number of admissions to the ICU.
Intracranial Pressure Changes in Brain-injured Patients Requiring Positive End-Expiratory Pressure Ventilation
Authors: Burchiel Kim J. , Steege Timothy D. , Wyler Allen R. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
In 16 patients with severe head injury and 2 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage, positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) ventilation was required to maintain adequate oxygenation. The effects of PEEP on intracranial pressure (ICP) were evaluated with respect to the volume-pressure response (VPR), an indicator of intracranial compliance, and the static lung compliance (CL). Based on these parameters: (a) All 11 patients with a normal VPR (&lt;2 torr) had no significant change in ICP with PEEP therapy. (b) All 5 patients with an abnormal VPR and a normal CL (&gt;30 ml/cm H2O) had significantly increased ICP or decreased cerebral perfusion pressure while on PEEP. (c) Two patients with both an abnormal VPR and a decreased CL had no significant change in their ICP with PEEP. (d) Significant elevations of ICP were also seen in 4 patients with abnormal VPRs concurrent with the rapid reduction or withdrawal of PEEP ventilation. Thus, the VPR is an accurate predictor of the effects of PEEP on the ICP. In addition, however, decreased lung compliance may buffer these effects in patients who have decreased intracranial compliance. We propose that ICP monitoring and intracranial compliance determination are necessary in the management of brain-injured patients requiring PEEP ventilation.
Spatial Distribution of Edema in the Cat Spinal Cord after Impact Injury
Authors: Martinez Lucas J. , Alderman John L. , Kagan Richard S. , Osterholm Jewell L. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
A specific gravity, column gradient method was coupled with a tissue punch technique to measure regional edema in the traumatized spinal cord of the cat at 1 and 2 hours after a 500-g/cm impact injury. A significant increase in water content was observed at the injury site in the posterior, anterior, and lateral white columns by 1 hour after injury and extended 2 mm above and below the site by 2 hours after injury.
Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency from Carotid Disease Associated with a Trigeminal Artery
Authors: Palmer Sylvain , Gücer Gündüz 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
A case of vertebrobasilar insufficiency with bilateral homonymous hemianopsia and macular sparing is presented. A persistent trigeminal artery was the likely conduit for emboli to pass from an ulcerated carotid bifurcation to the vertebrobasilar circulation. The diagnostic and therapeutic implications in cerebrovascular disease are discussed.
Progressive Hydrocephalus as a Complication of Cervical Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion in a 4-Year-Old Child
Authors: Lister Richard J. , Vries John K. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
A case of progressive hydrocephalus as a complication of spontaneous cervical internal carotid artery occlusion in a child is presented. This problem has not been reported previously. The diagnosis and management of this condition are greatly facilitated by computed tomographic scanning.
Intraperitoneal Pseudocyst Associated with Peritoneal Shunt
Authors: Latchaw John P. , Hahn Joseph F. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
We report a case of an intraperitoneal pseudocyst as a complication of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. The sequestration was visualized by abdominal computed tomographic scan and was heralded by an increase in hepatic enzyme levels. This complication may be related to previous abdominal surgery. A review of the literature relating to this unusual complication is presented.
Von Recklinghausen's Disease Complicated by a Brain Tumor Identified as Pinealoma
Authors: Suzuki Shigeharu , Moriyama Takashi , Suzuki Mikio , Iwabuchi Takashi 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
We report a case of von Recklinghausen's disease complicated by a pineal region tumor suspected, from the findings of various examinations and clinical observations, to be pinealoma. The patient is an 18-year-old boy with general café au lait spots, whose father also suffers from von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis.
Painless Footdrop Secondary to Lumbar Disc Herniation
Authors: Garrido Eddy , Rosenwasser Robert H. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
This is a report of two patients who developed a painless footdrop due to compression of the L-5 nerve root from a herniated disc at the L-4, L-5 interspace. The diagnosis was suspected clinically, supported by myelography, and confirmed at operation. One patient has regained the strength of his foot during the follow-up period; the other has remained unchanged.
Extracranial-Intracranial Bypass in the Elderly
Authors: Levinthal Robert 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The symptoms and signs of cerebrovascular insufficiency occur more frequently in the elderly population. It has often been assumed that individuals over 65 years of age are poor surgical candidates and that, therefore, prophylactic procedures should be withheld. The author reviews his experience with 25 elderly patients who had evidence of cerebrovascular insufficiency and lesions that were inaccessible to standard extracranial vascular surgical techniques. In this series, there were no deaths and there was only one neurological complication, which was a hypertensive hematoma that occurred during the immediate postoperative period. The only patient whose postoperative hospitalization was longer than 7 days was the individual who had the intracerebral hematoma. All patients with superficial temporal-middle cerebral artery anastomoses underwent angiography immediately after operation, and all of these bypass grafts were found to be patent. Extracranial-intracranial bypass grafting seems to be well-tolerated by elderly individuals, with minimal morbidity and mortality.
Management of Fractures of the Thoracolumbar and Lumbar Spine
Authors: Durward Quentin J. , Schweigel Joseph F. , Harrison Philip 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Eleven cases of fracture or fracture/dislocation of the thoracolumbar or lumbar spine were studied to determine the effectiveness of three methods of management of the injuries. Ten of the patients had a neurological deficit as well as a spinal injury. All cases were studied by computed tomographic (CT) scanning of the injury site before and after treatment. CT scanning was found to be superior to linear tomography in determining the degree of canal compromise by bone at the injury site. Eight patients underwent operation, with the aims of achieving spinal stability in unstable injuries and of decompressing neural structures. These 8 patients had received Harrington distraction instrumentation (HDI) as an initial procedure. In those patients with fracture/dislocations from flexion-rotation injuries and canal compromise resulting from bony malalignment, reduction of the fracture/dislocation by HDI resulted in stabilization of the spine and increase of the open canal area at the injury site. However, in those patients with canal compromise resulting from bursting fractures with retropulsed bone fragments, HDI did not reduce the bone fragments. Removal of the anterior vertebral body and the bone fragments. however, did result in significant improvement of the canal dimensions. A poor correlation was found between the degree of canal compromise as measured by the CT scanner and the resulting neurological deficit. Reasons for this are presented. Six of the 10 neurologically compromised patients, including 2 patients with stable bursting injuries and retropulsed bone fragments treated conservatively, had improved one grade on Frankel's classification by 3 months after injury. The rate and degree of recovery were not related to the degree of canal decompression achieved at operation.
Balloon Tamponade of the Pharynx in Transnasosphenoidal Operations
Authors: de Figueiredo Djacir Gurgel , Leitão de Carvalho Francisco Flavio 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The authors present a new technique for tamponade of the nasopharynx after the performance of a transnasosphenoidal approach to the hypophysis. This technique consists of placing a Foley balloon catheter in each nasal cavity, extending to the nasopharynx. The position of the balloons and the adequacy of the amount of radiopaque substance used to fill them is determined with x-ray films or a television image intensifier. Among the advantages of the method over tamponade with Vaseline-covered gauze are: (a) better tamponade; (b) the possibility of testing the position and volume of tamponade; (c) the absence of trauma to the nasopharyngeal mucosa upon removal of the catheters after deflation of the balloons; (d) the availability of two airways for respiration in addition to the mouth; and (e) the absence of blood gas alterations and infections.
Surgical Removal of a Hemangioma of the Pineal Region in a 4-Week-Old Infant
Authors: Sonntag Volker K. H. , Waggener John D. , Kaplan Allen M. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
A 4-week-old infant was operated on successfully for a pineal tumor. The patient was placed in a sitting position and the supracerebellar infratentorial approach was used. The tumor was removed totally. Pathological examination showed that the tumor was a hemangioma.
Treatment of Bobble-Head Doll Syndrome by Transcallosal Cystectomy
Authors: Albright Leland 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
A 9-year-old boy with bobble-head doll syndrome, precocious puberty, and progressive memory loss is described. His evaluation included computed tomographic scanning with metrizamide and air ventriculography. A cyst within the 3rd ventricle was excised subtotally by a transcallosal approach. Postoperatively, his head bobbing lessened and his memory improved.
Complex Atlas Fracture with Posterior Dislocation of One Lateral Mass
Authors: Slasky Simon B. , Nelson Paul , Herbert D. L. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
An unusual fracture/dislocation of the atlas that defies classification is reported. Posterior dislocation of the left occipital condyle resulted in loss of articulation with the superior articular surface of the atlas. It could be considered a unilateral atlanto-occipital dislocation or possibly a Jefferson fracture variant. The patient suffered only a mild, temporary neurological deficit and was treated conservatively.
Intracranial Developmental Cysts in Children
Authors: Stein Sherman C. 
Published: May 2010

abstract
The author presents the results of primary cystoperitoneal shunting in 12 infants and children with developmental cysts in various intracranial locations. Preoperative studies were done in each child to rule out a brain tumor as the cause of the cyst and to determine whether communication existed between the cyst and the subarachnoid space. The ventricular system was also shunted in children with both noncommunicating cysts and hydrocephalus. Except for 2 children with shunt complications, shunting alone was successful in controlling symptoms and reducing the size of the cysts, and no other operation was needed during a mean follow-up period of 2.2 years. The reasons to recommend shunt insertion as the primary treatment for developmental cysts in children include safety, ease, and a high rate of success compared to attempted excision.
Labiomandibular, Transoral Approach to Chordomas in the Clivus and Upper Cervical Spine
Authors: Delgado Tomas E. , Garrido Eddy , Harwick Robert D. 
Published: May 2010

abstract
Three patients with chordomas of the clivus and the upper cervical spine underwent the removal of their tumors through a transoral approach with labiomandibular splitting and microsurgical techniques. This surgical approach provided excellent visualization of the anterior craniocervical area and allowed a gross total removal in each case. Although the lesions in our patients were chordomas, this approach could also be used for other surgical lesions in this area.
Selective Resection and Denervation of Cervical Muscles in the Treatment of Spasmodic Torticollis
Authors: Xinkang Chen 
Published: May 2010

abstract
The author presents a series of 60 patients with torticollis who were treated successfully by operation. He describes the clinical types of torticollis: rotational torticollis, retrocollis, antecollis, lateroflexional torticollis, and combined types. The muscular mechanism of torticollis is detailed, and the operative technique of resecting or denervating only the principal or motive muscles is explained and illustrated for each type of torticollis. The results in this series were very good: 83.3% recovered completely or were improved markedly, and there were no complications.
Development of Pseudotumor Cerebri after the Removal of an Adrenocorticotropic Hormone-secreting Pituitary Adenoma
Authors: Martin Neil A. , Linfoot John , Wilson Charles B. 
Published: May 2010

abstract
A patient with Cushing's disease developed intracranial hypertension 1 month after the removal of an adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma. A computed tomographic scan demonstrated normal ventricles and no intracranial mass, establishing the diagnosis of pseudotumor cerebri. The elevated intracranial pressure was apparently consequent to an abrupt reduction in circulating corticosteroids. The development of pseudotumor cerebri after the correction of endogenous hypercortisolism has not been reported previously. This potential complication of the surgical treatment of Cushing's disease can be managed with prompt recognition and appropriate treatment of the syndrome.
Giant Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm with Bitemporal Hemianopsia
Authors: Højer-Pedersen Else , Haase Jens 
Published: May 2010

abstract
Giant aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery producing bitemporal hemianopsia is extremely rare. A case is presented and the literature is reviewed. The operative findings support the hypothesis that the visual defects are caused by mechanical pressure on the optic chiasm.
Chondromyxoma of the Middle Cranial Fossa
Authors: Richardson Robert R. , Deshpande Vilaya S. , Thelmo William L. , Rothballer Alan 
Published: May 2010

abstract
A case of an extra-axial middle cranial fossa tumor, identified pathologically as a chondromyxoma, is presented. Whereas poorly differentiated sarcomatous neoplasms are reported infrequently in children, a cartilaginous mesenchymal tumor in an adult is a distinct rarity. The intracranial chondromyxoma is discussed in relationship to its probable origin, its unique pathological characteristics, and its clinical manifestations.
Symptomatic Spinal Epidural Lipomatosis Associated with Cushing's Syndrome
Authors: Chapman Paul H. , Martuza Robert L. , Poletti Charles E. , Karchmer Adolph W. 
Published: May 2010

abstract
In cases of Cushing's syndrome, unusual amounts of fat may accumulate in the spinal epidural space, similar to centripetal fat deposits elsewhere in the body. The mass of excessive epidural fat may be responsible for neurological symptoms referable to compression of the spinal cord or cauda equina. We report three cases illustrating this unusual phenomenon and call attention to three cases reported previously, Although it is an unusual complication of Cushing's syndrome, epidural lipomatosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any such case with neurological symptoms referable to the spinal cord or cauda equina. The diagnosis may be confirmed by computed tomographic scanning in conjunction with myelography. Therapeutic considerations are discussed.
Laceration of the Aorta Complicating Spinal Fracture in Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Fazl M. , Bilbao J. M. , Hudson A. R. 
Published: May 2010

abstract
This case report concerns major vascular injury associated with fracture-dislocation of the spine after minor trauma in a patient suffering from ankylosing spondylitis. This injury resulted in laceration of the aorta with the formation of an aortic spinal subarachnoid fistula.
Effect of Prophylactic Methicillin on Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunt Infections in Children
Authors: Ajir F. , Levin A. B. , Duff T. A. 
Published: May 2010

abstract
This study retrospectively and prospectively analyzes uncomplicated, noninfected, primary ventriculoperitoneal shunting procedures and ventriculoperitoneal shunt revisions in children done at the University of Wisconsin Hospital from July 1973 to December 1979. We compared the infection rates between patients whose procedures were done without prophylactic antibiotics and those who received prophylactic single dose methicillin at the time of operation. Among 105 procedures done without prophylactic methicillin, there were 8 infections: 4 occurred after 73 primary shunt placements and 4 followed 32 shunt revisions. Among 66 procedures done with prophylactic methicillin. there were 3 infections; all followed primary shunt insertions. There was no infection after 32 shunt revisions in which prophylactic antibiotics were used.
Spinal Cord Glucose Utilization after Experimental Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Rawe Stephen E. , Lee William A. , Perot Phanor L. 
Published: May 2010

abstract
Metabolic alterations after experimental contusion injury of the spinal cord were evaluated by determining qualitative spinal cord glucose utilization (SCGU), SCGU was determined by the 2-deoxy-D-[14C]glucose technique. An increase in SCGU occurred at the site of maximal impact in the white matter after an injury causing paraparesis and in near trauma regions after an injury causing either paraparesis or paraplegia. These findings are most likely due to anaerobic glycolysis resulting from a reduction in blood flow that still allows delivery of substrate to tissue. Although an initial increase was observed at the site of maximal impact after a paraplegia-causing injury. SCGU in the white matter demonstrated a progressive deterioration by 4 and 8 hours after injury. A failure of substrate delivery resulting from ischemia is the most likely cause for this reduction in SCGU. The somatosensory evoked potential was found to be a very sensitive indicator of the remaining functional axons at the injury site.
Superficial Temporal to Proximal Superior Cerebellar Artery Anastomosis for Basilar Artery Stenosis
Authors: Ausman James I. , Diaz Fernando G. , de los Reyes R. A. , Pak Hooshang , Patel Suresh , Boulos Roushdy 
Published: May 2010

abstract
A newly modified revascularization procedure for vertebrobasilar insufficiency due to midbasilar stenosis is reported. The approach involves anastomosing the superficial temporal artery to a proximal segment of the superior cerebellar artery. The rationale for the procedure and the surgical technique are discussed.