bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of weaning cereals with different phytate content on growth, development and morbidity: a randomized intervention trial in infants from 6 to 12 months of age
Authors: Lind T , Persson L‐Å , Lönnerdal B , Stenlund H , Hernell O 
Published: August 2010

Background: Phytate decreases iron and zinc bioavailability and contributes to deficiencies of iron and zinc, potentially causing anaemia, poor psychomotor development, impaired growth and increased risk of diarrhoea and respiratory infections. Aim: To investigate whether a reduced dietary intake of phytate, either via extensively phytate‐reduced infant cereals [milk cereal drinks (MCDs) and porridge] or a milk‐based infant formula, would improve growth and development and reduce morbidity in infants. Design: Infants (n= 300) were, in a double‐blind design, randomized to three diet intervention groups from 6 to 12 mo of age—commercial MCD and porridge (CC group), phytate‐reduced MCD and phytate‐reduced porridge (PR group), or milk‐based infant formula and porridge with regular phytate content (IF group)—then followed until 18 mo. Dietary intake, anthropometry, development (Bayley Scales of Infant Development) and episodes of infectious diseases were registered. Results: There were no significant differences between study groups in growth, development or morbidity until 12 mo of age. The IF group had a 77% higher risk (95% CI: 1.05–2.97) of diarrhoea compared to the PR group during the 12–17‐mo period. Infants with haemoglobin concentration (Hb) <110 g/l at 12 mo had lower attained weight at 18 mo (11.14 kg vs 11.73 kg, p= 0.012). Infants with serum zinc (S‐Zn) <10.7 μmol/l at 12 mo had higher risk of respiratory infections (RR= 1.74, 95% CI: 1.19–2.56) compared to controls. Conclusion: Phytate reduction had no effect on growth, development or incidence of diarrhoeal or respiratory infections. Infants with low Hb or low S‐Zn may be at higher risk of poor growth and respiratory infections, even in this high‐income population.
Home‐made carbonated water and the consumption of water and other beverages in German children and adolescents: results of the DONALD study
Authors: Sichert‐Hellert W , Kersting M 
Published: August 2010

Aim: To determine differences in intake of water, drinking water and beverages between consumers (C) and non‐consumers (NC) of carbonated water prepared at home. Methods: Matched pairs design; 3‐d‐weighed diet records; participants of the DONALD Study (Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed Study) aged 2–18 y (n= 550, mean: 8.2 y). Results: The most important beverage was either carbonated (C: females 265, males 299 g/d) or bottled water (NC: males 267, females 282 g/d) followed by juice (120–174 g/d), soft drinks (134–167 g/d) and milk (84–149 g/d). Water intake from beverages was higher in males (NC: 902 and C: 906 g/d) than in females (NC: 789 and C: 771 g/d). However, total water intake per energy was higher in females (NC: 0.88 and C: 0.91g/kcal) than in males (NC: 0.80 and C: 0.83 g/kcal). C had a significantly higher mean drinking water intake (tap + bottled + carbonated water) in percentage of total water intake (%TW) than NC, and lower mean intakes of milk, bottled water and tap water, respectively. There was a significantly lower mean fat intake in C (females: 32 and males: 33% of energy) versus NC (females: 34 and males: 36% of energy). Irrespective of carbonated water consumption, females had better drinking habits than males, with significantly higher mean intakes of water from food (%TW), water from beverages + food (%TW), and total water per energy.Conclusions: Drinking habits and total water intakes of consumers are quite similar to those of non‐consumers of carbonated water. Females in general show more favourable drinking habits than males.
Foetal growth of kidneys, liver and spleen in intrauterine growth restriction: “programming” causing “metabolic syndrome” in adult age
Authors: Latini G , De Mitri B , Del Vecchio A , Chitano G , De Felice C , Zetterström R 
Published: August 2010

Background/aims: Epidemiological studies in humans link adult disease to abnormal growth in utero. In addition to general malnutrition of the foetus, preferential blood flow to the brain and heart may furthermore deprive organs such as the liver, spleen and kidneys of oxygen and macroand micronutrients. As a consequence, these organs may not develop normally, which predisposes the individual to the so‐called metabolic syndrome (syndrome X) in later life. The effects of foetal undernutrition on the growth of some abdominal organs were investigated by comparing the volume of the kidneys, spleen and liver in small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) newborn infants with that in appropriate‐for‐gestational‐age (AGA) newborn infants. Methods: In 25 randomly selected AGA infants and 25 SGA infants, who were subdivided into three gestational age groups (<30, 30–36 and 37–40 wk) the volumes of the liver, kidneys and spleen were determined by ultrasonography. Organ volumes were estimated using the standard ellipsoid formula (longitudinal × anteroposterior × transverse diameter ×π/6). Liver/kidney, liver/spleen and kidney/spleen volume ratios were also determined. Results: The volumes of the kidneys and liver differed significantly between AGA and SGA infants in all three gestational age groups (p≤ 0.0018 and p≤ 0.029, respectively). The fact that the spleen volume differed only in the 37–40 wk group (p= 0.0002) may indicate that there is a graded relationship across the whole range of normal birthweight. The correlation between the liver volume and birthweight differed significantly between SGA and AGA infants (r= 0.56 vs 0.84, p= 0.04). On the other hand, the volume ratios between the three organs were the same in all groups (p≥ 0.15). Conclusion: In intrauterine growth retarded infants, foetal growth of the liver and kidneys is more impaired than the body as a whole. Retarded foetal development of these organs may cause metabolic dysfunction, which predisposes to the group of diseases included in the so‐called metabolic syndrome or syndrome X.
Thyroxine unmasks Addison's disease
Authors: Shaikh MG , Lewis P , Kirk JMW 
Published: August 2010

Patients with primary hypothyroidism may also have other underlying associated endocrinopathies, which are important to exclude. A 15‐y‐old girl presented with clinical and biochemical evidence of hypothyroidism. Conclusion: Thyroxine replacement unmasked Addison's disease and precipitated an acute adrenal crisis. On physiological steroid replacement therapy, her “hypothyroidism” resolved.
Progressive facial hemiatrophy: a complex disorder not only affecting the face. A report in a monozygotic male twin pair
Authors: Hulzebos CV , de Vries TW , Armbrust W , Sauer PJJ , Kerstjens‐Frederikse WS 
Published: August 2010

Progressive facial hemiatrophy (PFH) is a ubiquitous disease, characterized by hyperpigmentation of the skin followed by unilateral craniofacial atrophy of subcutaneous tissues, including fat, muscle and bone. Hereditary factors have been postulated to be involved in the aetiology of PFH. Yet, the occurrence of PFH in one of two identical male twins reported here makes this possibility unlikely. PFH usually occurs in the first two decades of life, and the clinical presentation resembles linear scleroderma. PFH may be complicated by autoimmune, neurological, ocular and dental disorders. Management of PFH comprises a long term follow‐up of somatic disorders, and prevention of psychological problems. Treatment of PFH is symptomatic and consists of plastic surgery after the disease activity has stopped. Conclusion: The occurrence of PFH in one of a monozygotic twin pair suggests that genetic factors are not involved in its aetiology. Early diagnosis of PFH and accurate follow‐up is essential to disclose the occurrence of complications.
Endogenous glucose production and lipolysis in anorexia nervosa—a study using stable isotope‐labelled compounds
Authors: Swenne I , Gustafsson J 
Published: August 2010

Glucose production and lipolysis were investigated in teenage girls with anorexia nervosa using glucose and glycerol labelled with stable isotopes. The production of energy substrates were also maintained in the very underweight patients who showed higher relative rates of substrate mobilization compared to those who had gained some weight. Conclusion: The investigation shows that glucose production, necessary to provide fuel for the central nervous system, is also maintained in starving patients with anorexia nervosa.
Weight requirements for return of menstruations in teenage girls with eating disorders, weight loss and secondary amenorrhoea
Authors: Swenne I 
Published: August 2010

Aim: To investigate the weight requirements for return of menstruation in teenage girls with eating disorders (ED), weight loss and secondary amenorrhoea. Methods: Growth charts from the school health services and measurements of weight and stature at assessment and during follow‐up were obtained for 127 girls with ED, secondary amenorrhoea and subsequent return of menstruation. Measurements were used to estimate weight and body mass index (BMI) before puberty, at menarche, at the highest weight prior to the onset of the ED, at the last menstruation preceding amenorrhoea, at the lowest weight during treatment, and at return of menstruation. Results: Before onset of the ED, the girls were taller, heavier and less lean than the population average as evidenced by standard deviation scores (SDS) for weight, height and BMI above zero. Weight loss started from an average weight of 58.9 ± 9.8 kg (mean ± SD), a last menstruation occurred at 51.5 ± 6.9 kg, the lowest weight during treatment was 45.6 ± 7.0 kg and menstruation returned at 52.9 ± 6.0 kg. Return of menstruation occurred within a wide weight range. However, if weight at return of menstruation was expressed in SDS, it could be predicted by a linear regression on weight SDS at loss of menstruation (r2= 0.76; p > 0.001). Conclusions: The weight level required for return of menstruation is highly individual but can be predicted by the weight at which menstruations cease. In the treatment of ED, there is a need for such individual weight targets—a target based on the population weight for height and/or age may be too generalized and too low.
Cognitive and neuropsychological functioning in transnationally adopted juvenile delinquents
Authors: Elmund A , Melin L , von Knorring A‐L , Proos L , Tuvemo T 
Published: August 2010

Aim: To evaluate cognitive and neuropsychological abilities of adopted delinquent adolescents in institutional care. Methods: Transnationally adopted adolescents admitted to institutional care (n= 20) and non‐delinquent controls who were also transnationally adopted (n= 21) were compared concerning the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children and Adults (WISC and WAIS), the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and the Tower of London test (TOL). The adoptive parents answered questions about the adoption, early childhood and family circumstances by a questionnaire sent by mail. Results: The adopted delinquents had a significantly lower IQ and significantly lower results on several other measurements in the WISC/WAIS compared to the controls even after adjustment for age of arrival in the adoptive home. Both groups of adoptees scored low in the WISC/WAIS subscale of arithmetics when compared to the population mean. The TOL test showed that the delinquents were slower and made more errors than the controls. Conclusion: The delinquent adoptees scored significantly lower on many variables in the WISC/WAIS. Both delinquent and non‐delinquent adoptees had some difficulties with arithmetic. The weak performances in arithmetics might point to some weaknesses in the neuropsychological domain. These results probably have complex explanatory causes and need to be further evaluated.
The relationship between maternal smoking and breastfeeding duration after adjustment for maternal infant feeding intention
Authors: Donath SM , Amir LH ,   the ALSPAC Study Team
Published: August 2010

Aim: To investigate whether maternal smoking remains associated with decreased breastfeeding duration after adjustment for the mother's infant feeding intention. Method: Pregnant women resident within Avon, UK, expected to give birth between 1 April 1991 and 31 December 1992 were recruited in a longitudinal cohort study. Main outcome measures included maternal infant feeding intention at 32 wk of pregnancy: intention for the first week, intention for the rest of the first month and intention in months 2 to 4. Maternal smoking was defined as any smoking reported at any time during pregnancy. Data on initiation and duration of breastfeeding were based on the questionnaire at 6 mo postpartum, supplemented by data from the 15‐mo questionnaire if necessary. Results: Women who smoked during pregnancy had an adjusted odds ratio of 1.5 (95% CI: 1.3–1.7) of not breastfeeding at 6 mo compared to non‐smokers (adjusting for maternal age, education and intention). Survival analysis of duration of breastfeeding in the first 6 mo postpartum found that women who intended to breastfeed for less than 1 mo were 78% more likely to stop at any given time than women planning to breastfeed for at least 4 mo, while smokers were 17% more likely to stop breastfeeding than non‐smokers. Conclusion: Although women who smoke are less likely to breastfeed their infants than are nonsmoking women, it appears that this is largely due to lower motivation to breastfeed rather than a physiological effect of smoking on their milk supply.
Knowledge of and attitude towards circumcision of adult Korean males by age
Authors: Oh S‐J , Kim T , Lim DJ , Choi H 
Published: August 2010

Aim: Circumcision is widely practised in Korea, but little is known regarding the public's attitude towards circumcision. This study was designed to evaluate the knowledge and the general opinion of Korean adult males towards circumcision. Methods: Fifteen hundred self‐completion questionnaires were distributed to adult males in five decadal age groups ranging from 10 to 59 y old. Questions concerning opinions regarding the necessity, reasons, potential benefits and disadvantages of circumcision, as well as the role of peer pressure upon the decision to circumcise were included. Completed questionnaires were collected and analysed statistically. Results: The achieved response rate was 62.7%. 73.1% believed that circumcision is necessary, while 7.1% believed it is not necessary. The principal reason for circumcision was to improve penile hygiene (77.9%). 68.7% did not prefer neonatal circumcision regardless of the respondent's age. The major reason was fear of pain (36.9%). Peer pressure was one of the most influential factors when deciding upon circumcision: 60.8% believed that they might be ridiculed by their peer group unless circumcised, and the younger the age of the respondent, the more frequently this opinion was held (p > 0.05). 62.7% thought that circumcision would prevent genital tract infection of the sexual partner. Respondents with older age tended to emphasize improved sexual potency (p > 0.05). Conclusions: This study indicates that common beliefs of adult males about circumcision in Korea are relatively homogeneous. Tailored education about circumcision is needed.
Glycerol kinase deficiency: follow‐up during 20 years, genetics, biochemistry and prognosis
Authors: Hellerud C , Wramner N , Erikson A , Johansson Å , Samuelson G , Lindstedt S 
Published: August 2010

Aim: To follow two children with isolated glycerol kinase deficiency (GKD) with severe symptoms into adulthood. Methods: The patients were followed during ∼20 y and interviewed about symptoms, diet and physical activity. Fasting provocations, bicycle ergometer tests, dietary registrations, enzyme and mutation analysis were performed by standard protocols. Results: The activity of glycerol kinase (GK) in fibroblasts was >10% of reference. One case had a deletion of exon 17, the other a mutation in exon 7 of the GK gene (601 A ± G). Both mothers were heterozygotes. Two maternal male cousins in one of the families were hemizygotes without symptoms. Tests performed in childhood documented pronounced sensitivity to fasting and physical exercise, whereas such tests at 23 and 31 y of age were essentially normal but with pronounced ketonaemia. After puberty, the boys had no hypoglycaemic symptoms and now report no problems with their condition; thus, their phenotype has changed over time. Conclusion: The greater importance of glycerol as a gluconeogenetic substrate in children than in adults may explain the episodes in young patients with GKD, often elicited by catabolic stress. With meals at frequent intervals, access to glucose and avoidance of strenuous sports, the prognosis is good for a normal adult life of a young child with isolated GKD and symptoms of hypoglycaemia.
Lactate in the foetal brain: detection and implications
Authors: Rijn Ariadne M Roelants‐van , Groenendaal Floris , Stoutenbeek Philip , van der Grond Jeroen 
Published: August 2010

Background and methods: In six hydrocephalic foetuses (gestational age 29–38 wk), proton MR spectroscopy (1H‐MRS) was performed in the basal ganglia for detection of lactate in vivo. Results: Lactate was present in two foetal brains, absent in two and not detectable because of movement in two. Conclusion: With adequate immobilization of the foetus, 1H‐MRS can be used for detection of foetal brain lactate.
Short‐term outcome after active perinatal management at 23–25 weeks of gestation. A study from two Swedish tertiary care centres. Part 1: maternal and obstetric factors
Authors: Serenius F , Ewald U , Farooqi A , Holmgren P‐Å , Håkansson S , Sedin G 
Published: August 2010

Aims: To provide descriptive data on women who delivered at 23–25 wk of gestation, and to relate foetal and neonatal outcomes to maternal factors, obstetric management and the principal reasons for preterm birth. Methods: Medical records of all women who had delivered in two tertiary care centres in 1992–1998 were reviewed. At the two centres, policies of active perinatal and neonatal management were universally applied. Logistic regression models were used to identify prenatal factors associated with survival. Results: Of 197 women who delivered at 23–25 wk, 65% had experienced a previous miscarriage, 15% a previous stillbirth and 12% a neonatal death. The current pregnancy was the result of artificial reproduction in 13% of the women. In 71%, the pregnancy was complicated either by preeclampsia, chorioamnionitis, placental abruption or premature rupture of membranes. Antenatal steroids were given in 63%. Delivery was by caesarean section in 47%. The reasons for preterm birth were idiopathic preterm labour in 36%, premature rupture of membranes in 41% and physician‐indicated deliveries in 23% of the mothers. Demographic details, use of antenatal steroids, caesarean section delivery and birthweight differed between mothers depending on the reason for preterm delivery. Of 224 infants, 5% were stillbirths and 63% survived to discharge. On multivariate logistic regression analysis comprising prenatally known variables, reasons for preterm birth were not associated with survival. Advanced gestational duration (OR: 2.43 per wk; 95% CI: 1.59–3.74), administration of any antenatal steroids (OR: 2.21; 95% CI: 1.14–4.28) and intrauterine referral from a peripheral hospital (OR: 2.93; 95% CI: 1.5–5.73) were associated with survival. Conclusions: Women who deliver at 23–25 wk comprise a risk group characterized by a high risk of reproductive failure and pregnancy complications. Survival rates were similar regardless of the reason for preterm birth. Policies of active perinatal management virtually eliminated intrapartum stillbirths.
Birthweight and psychological distress in adult twins: a longitudinal study
Authors: Cheung YB , Ma S , Machin D , Karlberg J 
Published: August 2010

Aim: To assess the relation between birthweight and psychological distress as measured by the Malaise Inventory in adult twins. Methods: Data were drawn from the 1958 British birth cohort study, which included twins followed from birth to age 42 y. We examined the relation between birthweight and psychological distress at ages 23, 33 and 42 y measured by the psychological scale of the Malaise Inventory. Analyses were performed both between subjects (n= 282) and within twin pairs (n= 112). The generalized estimating equations approach was used to handle the repeated measurements. Results: Between the 282 twins, the difference in psychological distress score was ‐0.45 (95% confidence interval ‐0.74 to ‐0.15) per Z‐score increase in birthweight‐for‐gestational age. Within twin pairs, the heavier co‐twins tended to have a psychological distress score lower than that of their lighter co‐twins, the mean difference being ‐0.35 (‐0.78 to 0.09). Conclusion: Results from the between‐subject analysis agreed with previous findings from adult singletons that psychological health is related to birthweight. The within‐pair analysis suggested a similar relation but did not attain statistical significance.
Spontaneous intestinal perforation after oral ibuprofen treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in two very‐low‐birthweight infants
Authors: Tatli MM , Kumral A , Duman N , Demir K , Gurcu O , Ozkan H 
Published: August 2010

Aim: To discuss intestinal side effects of ibuprofen in the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus, after having observed two cases of spontaneous intestinal perforation following ibuprofen treatment. Methods: Clinical and laboratory records of two preterm infants, who developed intestinal perforation after ibuprofen administration, were evaluated. Results: Gestational ages of infants were 29 wk (male) and 30 wk (female). Both infants developed intestinal perforations without signs of necrotizing enterocolitis. The perforations cured with Penrose drainage alone. Conclusion: Although ibuprofen is a reasonable treatment alternative to indomethacin, randomized controlled trials, which address potential adverse effects including spontaneous intestinal perforation, are needed.
Long‐term control of hypercalcaemia in an infant with Williams‐Beuren syndrome after a single infusion of biphosphonate (Pamidronate)
Authors: Oliveri B , Mastaglia SR , Mautalen C , Gravano JC , Argerich L Pardo 
Published: August 2010

Aim: To report the efficacy of Pamidronate to treat hypercalcaemia in a patient with Williams‐Beuren syndrome (WBS). Results: We report a 14‐mo‐old male infant presenting hypercalcaemia, elfin face and other dysmorphological features of WBS, confirmed by the FISH fluorescent test. Due to the marked symptomatic hypercalcaemia, 13.0 mg/dl intravenous Pamidronate was administered in a single dose of 1 mg/kg. Two days later, serum calcium diminished to normal levels, and remained within normal range during 12 mo follow‐up. Conclusion: Pamidronate appears to be effective in paediatric patients with WBS and hypercalcaemia.
Is iron deficiency in infants and young children common in Scandinavia and is there a need for enforced primary prevention?*
Authors: Hernell O , Lönnerdal B 
Published: August 2010

A significant problem in diagnosing infants and young children with iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is that it is not clear how the biochemical markers used correspond to physiological outcomes such as growth, neurodevelopment and morbidity. Thus, the prevalence of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in infants and young children is difficult to assess and therefore not really known.Conclusion: Recent studies have shown that iron metabolism is subjected to developmental changes during infancy, which affect indicators of iron status. Hence, better defined cut‐off values for the indicators used are needed and, in particular, how they are correlated to functional outcomes.