bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Dentin-cleaning Techniques on the Shear Bond Strength of Self-adhesive Resin Luting Cement to Dentin
Authors: Santos MJMC , Bapoo H , Rizkalla AS , Santos GC 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARY

Objective
This in vitro study evaluated the influence of different cleansing techniques on the bond strength of self-adhesive cement to dentin.

Methods and Materials
A total of 33 noncarious human molars were sectioned mesiodistally and embedded in chemically cured resin with the buccal or lingual surfaces facing upward. Superficial dentin was exposed and resin disk provisional restorations were cemented to the dentin surfaces with noneugenol provisional cement and were stored in distilled water at 37°C. After seven days, the provisional restorations were removed and 13 specimens were randomly assigned to each of the five groups (n=13), according to the following cleansing treatments: G1—excavator (control); G2—0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate; G3—40% polyacrylic acid; G4—mixture of flour pumice and water; and G5—sandblasting with 50 μm aluminum oxide particles at a pressure of 87 psi. Resin composite disks (Filtek Supreme Plus, 3M ESPE Dental Products, St Paul, MN, USA) 4.7 (±0.1) mm in diameter and 3.0 (±0.5) mm in height were cemented with self-adhesive cement (RelyX Unicem, 3M ESPE), photocured, and stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours. Shear bond strength testing was conducted using a universal test machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min until failure.

Results
Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey-B rank order test. Sandblasting with aluminum oxide (11.32 ± 1.70 MPa) produced significantly higher shear bond strength values compared with any other treatment groups (p&lt;0.05). No significant differences were found between G1-control (7.74 ± 1.72 MPa), G2-chlorhexidine (6.37 ± 1.47 MPa), and G4-pumice (7.33 ± 2.85 MPa) (p&lt;0.05).
Influence of shiitake mushroom Lentinula edodes on reproduction of Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Svilpe Elīna , Matjuškova Nataļja 
Published: August 2011

Influence of shiitake mushroomLentinula edodeson reproduction ofDrosophila melanogasterShiitake mushroomLentinula edodesis an edible basidiomycete cultivated worldwide, with high nutritious value and diverse biological activity. There has been an increase in its use as food supplement. Influence of shiitake mushroom extract on the reproductive function and development in an object fruit flyDrosophila melanogasteris described in this research. Fruit flies were maintained on banana medium with or without supplementation of shiitake mushroom's extract, standardized per amount of crude polysaccharides. Shiitake extract supplement, 0.030% and 0.015% crude polysaccharides per volume, induced a statistically significant increase in total number of pupae and flies, and promoted pupae viability. Adult drosophilae males, which received shiitake extract supplement for seven days, had a statistically significant reduction in copulation latency, while thirty day exposure to extract promoted a statistically higher rate of mated flies. Females showed an increase in number of mated flies and reduction in copulation latency post seven day feeding period and had no significant effect on mating ability and fertility post thirty days. Further studies are planned to identify the biologically active components of shiitake mushroom hot water extract and to characterize their effects on reproductive function.
Modifications of nitric oxide production in rat tissues by ellagic acid, ipriflavone and resveratrol: a comparative study
Authors: Dzintare Maija , Baumane Larisa , Meirena Dainuvīte , Šaripova Jeļena , Ļauberte Lāsma , Kalviņš Ivars , Sjakste Nikolajs 
Published: August 2011

Modifications of nitric oxide production in rat tissues by ellagic acid, ipriflavone and resveratrol: a comparative study
When administered as drugs or consumed as food components, polyphenolic compounds synthesised in plants interfere with intracellular signal transduction pathways, including pathways of nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) expression. However, the effects of these compounds in vivo do not always correlate with NOS-inhibiting activities, as revealed in experiments with cultured cells. The goal of this work was to compare the effects of resveratrol, ellagic acid and ipriflavone on NO production in rat organs measured by means of ESR spectroscopy. All of the above compounds are known as inhibitors of iNOS expression. The presumed ability to decrease NO production was manifested only by ellagic acid; it decreased NO production in spleen of intact rats. Iproflavone and resveratrol even enhanced the lipopolyssacharides (LPS)-induced increase of NO production. Ipriflavone increased NO production in the brain cortex, cerebellum, liver, heart, kidneys, blood, lungs and skeletal muscles. Resveratrol produced a similar effect in all of the above organs, except kidneys, lungs and muscles. Taken together, our results suggest that modifications of NO level in tissues by a natural compound cannot be predicted from data about its effects on NOS expression or activity. This stresses the importance of direct measurements of NO in tissues.
Electrophoretic pattern of the polypeptide component in the tight DNA-protein complexes in rat and chicken tissues and its partial characterisation in rat liver
Authors: Legzdiņš Normunds , Labeikytė Danute , Sjakste Nikolajs 
Published: August 2011

Electrophoretic pattern of the polypeptide component in the tight DNA-protein complexes in rat and chicken tissues and its partial characterisation in rat liverTightly bound to DNA proteins (TBP) are a protein group that remain attached to DNA with covalent or non-covalent bonds after its deproteinisation. The distribution of TBP in genes reflects the type of cell differentiation. It has been hypothesised that TBP binding is involved in regulation of gene expression. Early studies reported uniformity of the TBPs from different sources. Later it was shown that TBPs obtained from DNA, isolated in mild conditions from evolutionary distant species, are different. Application of chloroform DNA extraction without use of externally added enzymes enabled us to reveal differences in the TBP spectrum in plant organs and changes of this spectrum in the course of plant development. The goal of this work was to study the electrophoretic pattern of the polypeptide component in the tight DNA-protein complexes in organs of animals: a mammal (rat) and a bird (chicken). Rat thymus TBPs were represented by 70 and 60 kDa proteins, and the same polypeptides were observed also in brain and skeletal muscles. Kidney TBPs were represented by 85, 70, 65, 60 and 37 kDa polypeptides; 85, 77, 70, 60, 50 and 37 kDa TBPs were characteristic of liver. Numerous minor peptides were observed in all samples studied. The spectrum of chicken liver and blood TBPs differed in distribution of proteins of 25-35 kDa. Mass-spectrometry of 14 bands from rat liver TBP gel revealed 43 different proteins. Chromatin modifying proteins and repair enzymes, transcription factors, serpins, ATPase, kinases and enzymes of ubiquitin-proteasome pathway were found among the TBPs. Thus, TBPs appear to be a vast protein group involved in several intranuclear processes. It is hypothesised that numerous functions ascribed to the nuclear matrix are performed in the TBP complexes.
Current state of angina treatment in the outpatient population and heart rate monitoring survey in Latvia (RELITY LATVIA)
Authors: Balode Inga , Jēgere Sanda , Mintāle Iveta , Narbute Inga , Zakke Ilja , Latkovskis Gustavs , Ērglis Andrejs 
Published: August 2011

Current state of angina treatment in the outpatient population and heart rate monitoring survey in Latvia (RELITY LATVIA)
The aim of the REALITY Latvia survey was to accumulate information about treated stable angina outpatients regarding their characteristics, heart rate (HR), treatment, and quality of life. Thirty cardiologists were involved with 1-15 patients each. In total, data about 300 patients were obtained. Patients were examined and questioned during one visit. A high HR was defined above 70 beats per minute (bpm), in accordance to recent evidence. Mean HR was 70.3 ± 11.3 bpm and 45% of patients had HR above 70 bpm. The opinion of practitioners regarding HR differed. For example, a HR level within the range 70-80 bpm was perceived by cardiologists as "normal", "borderline high" and "high". The mean target HR that physicians wanted to achieve was 60.1 ± 4.7 bpm. Beta blockers were used in 91% of cases. The more widely used beta blockers were metoprolol (47%) and bisoprolol (35%) in mean daily doses 69.7 ± 30.1 mg and 5.3 ± 2.0 mg, respectively. REALITY Latvia data suggest that, despite wide use of beta blockers, HR control in stable angina patients is insufficient. This is caused by insufficient understanding of HR as a treatment target by physicians and use of beta blockers in suboptimal dosages.
Psychosomatic aspects of chronic low back pain syndrome
Authors: Šmite Daina , Ancāne Gunta 
Published: August 2011

Psychosomatic aspects of chronic low back pain syndrome
The purpose of the study was to determine the relationships between emotional distress and pain syndrome, its characteristic parameters and impact on the quality of life in patients with chronic low back pain. The study included 110 patients, mean age 44.2 ± 8.0 years, with clinical diagnosis of lumbar spine disk pathology with chronic low back pain syndrome. The results showed that the studied patients differed by their emotional state. Emotional distress was associated with high intensity and specific symptoms of low back pain syndrome. Musculoskeletal dysfunction was associated with both physical and psychoemotional factors. The interaction of chronic low back pain syndrome complexity and biopsyhosocial factors is shown by a correlation between cytokines IL-10 and IL-8 level in blood serum and both pain intensity and duration, characteristics of emotional and physical status, and level of physical activities.
Autonomic nervous system properties in migraine patients and nonmedication treatment in headache free period
Authors: Voita Daina , Vaļēviča Evita , Zakke Anastasija , Porozovs Juris , Kauliņa Anda 
Published: August 2011

Autonomic nervous system properties in migraine patients and nonmedication treatment in headache free period
The aim of the study was to characterise parameters of the autonomic nervous system in migraineurs and to find out and to adapt the optimal biofeedback (BFB) training methods. Heart rate (HR), arterial blood pressure and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) at rest, static workload, arterial occlusion and during recovery period were measured. 22 migraineurs (female, average age 22.2 ± 2.4 years) and 14 healthy age and gender matched controls participated. Migraine patients were divided into two groups (M1 and M2) according to HR and BRS at rest. At rest 60% of migraine patients (group M1) had significantly decreased HR vs. control group (P< 0.01). The M2 group showed a tendency to decreased BRS at rest comparing to the control group and significantly (P< 0.01) differed in this parameter from the M1 group. In a 10 s precontraction period M1 group had a significantly lower HR increase comparing to other analysed groups (P< 0.01). HR was significantly decreased in the M1 group during the recovery period comparing to the control and M2 groups (P< 0.05). Both parts of autonomic nervous system, PNS and SNS branches, were impaired in migraineurs. The M2 group had most likely decreased PNS activity and impaired SNS activity. M1 group patients showed increased PNS activity. BFB training sessions reduced migraine attack frequency and need for medication in the M2 group.
Research Report
Authors: Törrönen Jukka 
Published: August 2011

Drinking in Swedish women's magazines’ advertisements from the 1960s to the 2000s AIMS The article focuses on what kind of drinking-related subject positions have appeared as acceptable and desirable in women's magazine advertisements over the past few decades, how those positions have changed and shifted as we move closer to the present day, and how these changes reflect the shifting borderline between the private and public domain. MATERIAL The material consists of alcohol-related advertisements published in Swedish women's magazines from the 1960s to the 2000s (n=1,079). METHOD The advertisements are approached and analysed as performances in which gender is made visible “here and now” by placing women in particular subject positions. The analysis draws attention to how the subject positions appearing in the advertisements are repeatedly attached to pleasure (desire), the physical body (sex) and social roles, norms and lifestyles (gender). Results The analysis reveals both continuity and variability in alcohol-related advertising in Swedish women's magazines. In the 1960s alcohol-related advertisements repeatedly positioned women in the private domain to represent the traditional norms of the “housewife contract”, or outside the home to represent the new gender expectations of the “equality contract”. As we draw closer to the present day, the nature of these subject positions begins to change. Conclusions Women's equality, freedom and independence do not increase linearly, nor does the home or the private domain become gender neutral. On the contrary, it seems that the traditional gender system is persistently reproduced. A comparison of the Swedish and Finnish material reveals some intriguing similarities and differences in women's subject positions.
An Environmental History of Progress: Damming the Peace and Columbia Rivers
Authors: Loo Tina , Stanley Meg 
Published: August 2011

Abstract: This paper explores the spurt of dam-building in British Columbia from the 1960s to the 1980s, offering a different interpretation of high modernism and the changes it caused. It does so by focusing on the agents of high modernity: the engineers, geologists, and construction workers who designed, built, and drove the machinery of progress. By taking the synoptic seriously, we make three related arguments. First, dam-building was characterized by an intense engagement with place that generated a particular kind of knowledge, something we call ‘high modernist local knowledge.’ Second, the environmental and social changes that ensued from dam-building were a result of the presence, not the absence, of this local knowledge. Moreover, and finally, those changes were more than destructive. Big dams did not just destroy locales, they displaced and globalized them, and in so doing created new ones.
Student Activism, Mental Health, and English-Canadian Universities in the 1960s
Authors: Jasen Patricia 
Published: August 2011

Abstract: Student mental health services were created at many American universities during the interwar years in association with the mental hygiene movement of that era. In Canada, psychologists and psychiatrists became focused on the well-being of schoolchildren during this period, but services for university students were minimal or non-existent at most institutions until well after the Second World War. Influenced by American trends and in tune with rising public concern over the problems students were experiencing on Canada's burgeoning campuses, student organizations, in co-operation with the Canadian Mental Health Association, began a concerted campaign for improved services in the early 1960s. Through conferences, seminars, and surveys, they revealed the extent of student distress, and by 1965 their efforts were attracting increasing media attention and having a direct impact on university student health policies. Their campaign then entered a new phase, transformed by the same radicalization that infused the wider student movement in the wake of the Berkeley free speech protests. Dissatisfied with the institutional response and distrustful of the motives behind the services now provided, activists questioned the very meaning of ‘mental health’ in the context of their deeper critique of the university and society. By the end of the decade, the student mental health movement had run its course, but it left a lasting legacy in the ongoing reform of university health services and in attitudes towards student mental health.
Valganciclovir Prophylaxis against Cytomegalovirus Impairs Lymphocyte Proliferation and Activation in Renal Transplant Recipients
Authors: Reischig Tomáš , Prucha Miroslav , Sedlackova Lenka , Lysak Daniel , Jindra Pavel , Bouda Mirko , Matejovic Martin 
Published: August 2011

Background Antiviral prophylaxis against cytomegalovirus has been associated with reduced risk of allograft rejection and improved allograft survival after renal transplantation. This phenomenon might not be fully explained by preventing the indirect effects of cytomegalovirus. The effect of antiviral agents on lymphocyte function in patients treated with modern immunosuppression has not been studied to date. Methods Adult renal transplant recipients were assigned to 3-month prophylaxis with either valganciclovir (900 mg once daily; n=19) or valacyclovir (2 g four times daily; n=17) as part of an ongoing randomized trial. Subsets of lymphocytes, lymphocyte proliferation and/or cytokine production after in vitro mitogen stimulation were evaluated at the end of prophylaxis and 1 month after withdrawal of antiviral drugs. Results Lymphocyte proliferation was significantly decreased both after phytohemagglutinine (25% ±15% versus 32% ±18%; P=0.025) and concanavalin A stimulation (17% ±9% versus 25% ±16%; P=0.011) during valganciclovir, but not valacyclovir therapy. Moreover, a lower activated T-cell count (CD3+HLA-DR+ cells) was noted in valganciclovir-treated patients (13% ±10% versus 17% ±12% of total CD3+ T-cells; P=0.005). Conclusions Valganciclovir suppresses lymphocyte proliferation and activation in patients after renal transplantation.
Hepatitis C Coinfection Enhances Sensitization of CD4+ T-Cells Towards Fas-Induced Apoptosis in Viraemic and Haart-Controlled HIV-1-Positive Patients
Authors: Körner Christian , Tolksdorf Felix , Riesner Katarina , Krämer Benjamin , Schulte Daniela , Nattermann Jacob , Rockstroh Jürgen K , Spengler Ulrich 
Published: August 2011

Background Recently, we identified increased rates of CD4+ T-cell apoptosis in HCV-infected HIV-positive patients as a potential mechanism for enhanced mortality in patients with HIV/HCV coinfection. Since this effect might be attributed to changes in receptor-induced apoptosis, we studied expression and function of Fas ligand (FasL) and its death receptor Fas on CD4+ T-cells in HIV/HCV coinfection. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we simultaneously analysed surface expression of Fas and FasL on CD4+ T-cells and serum levels of soluble FasL in HCV/HIV-coinfected, HIV-monoinfected and HCV-monoinfected patients. Susceptibility to FasL-induced apoptosis was analysed by incubating isolated peripheral blood mono-nuclear cells with rhFasL followed by measuring CD4+ T-cell apoptosis. Results HIV and HCV monoinfection were associated with significantly enhanced surface expression of Fas. Highest Fas expression was detected in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients and correlated with low CD4+ T-cell counts. By contrast, elevated levels of soluble and cellular FasL were found only in patients with HIV infection, but not in patients with HCV infection. Importantly, enhanced Fas expression in HCV/HIV coinfection rendered CD4+ T-cells more susceptible towards FasL-induced apoptosis. While effective HAART normalized expression and secretion of FasL in HIV-infected and HIV/HCV-coinfected patients, expression of Fas decreased only slightly and still remained significantly elevated as compared with healthy controls. Conclusions Our findings suggest a synergistic mechanism in HIV/HCV coinfection between up-regulation of Fas expression on CD4+ T-cells and HIV-induced elevated levels of cellular and soluble FasL. Together, both effects contribute to enhanced apoptosis of CD4+ T-cells in HIV/HCV coinfection.
Influences on the resolution of GPR velocity analyses and a Monte Carlo simulation for establishing velocity precision
Authors: Booth Adam D. , Clark Roger A. , Murray Tavi 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTThe precision of ground‐penetrating radar velocity models is seldom reported, despite their common use for quantifying subsurface properties. We explore influences on the resolution of ground‐penetrating radar velocity analysis and demonstrate a Monte Carlo method for obtaining the implied precision in velocity estimates. A series of synthetic common‐midpoint gathers, which assume Ricker wavelets of 50 MHz, 100 MHz and 200 MHz frequencies as source pulses, simulate hyperbolic reflections from the bases of three horizontal layers, each with interval velocity and thickness of 0.1 m/ns and 2 m, respectively. With these, we use coherence analysis to show that the principal influence on stacking velocity resolution is the traveltime moveout, normalized by the wavelet period, exhibited across some offset range. Where moveout exceeds the period by factors of, e.g., 3 and 6, is resolved to [–6.5, +8.2]% to [–3.6, +4.0]%, respectively, at the 50% coherence threshold. The temporal duration of coherence responses is expressed as a one‐quarter wavelet period either side of the stacking traveltime. Coherence resolutions are used in Monte Carlo simulations to derive the implied precision in the interval stacking velocity and its derivative properties. These analyses are repeated for field common‐midpoint data, acquired using 50 MHz antennas, on Quaternary glacio‐fluvial media overlying a Cambrian basement (<15 m deep). For three reflections identified in these data, the velocity and temporal resolution of coherence responses vary in a quantitatively similar way to events in the synthetic data. For the corresponding layers, Monte Carlo simulations yield precision estimates for , layer thickness and fractional water content. The procedure predicts a reasonable model of water content decreasing with depth, in accordance with increasing pore compaction and provides a robust error analysis; the uncertainty in estimates of the fractional water content of two (assumed) water‐saturated layers is ±2.6% and ±2.1% (shallower and deeper, respectively). Monte Carlo simulations are recommended as an efficient means of establishing the precision in quantitative estimates of subsurface properties derived from ground‐penetrating radar velocities, particularly where ground‐truth data are unavailable.
Deterministic deconvolution for GPR data in the t‐f domain
Authors: Economou Nikos , Vafidis Antonis 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTDeconvolution methods encounter difficulties in increasing the temporal resolution of GPR data due mainly to non‐stationarity of the records. GPR wavelets are typically mixed phase, which is additionally a major failure of standard deconvolution methods. Here, we propose a deterministic deconvolution method for GPR data, implemented in the t‐f domain, which utilizes narrow time windows and sets spectral balancing as a precondition. A reference wavelet is estimated experimentally for the calculation of a time varying deconvolution operator. Its phase variation is extracted from the spectrally balanced deconvolved GPR trace. The algorithm, tested on synthetic and real data, produces very promising results. In particular the deconvolved GPR section acquired over sands exhibits better temporal resolution and reveals reflected waves travelling through high loss media.