bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone Marrow Studies in Myelomatosis
Authors: Hansen Ole Paaske 
Published: August 2010

The percentage of fat‐cell areas in bone marrow particles from 22 patients with untreated myelomatosis was estimated. In only 1 patient was the mean fat cell area below 25 % of the bone marrow area measured. A negative correlation was found between the area of fat cells and plasma cells, indicating a displacement of the fat cell area by the plasma cells.28 % of the patients had empty bone marrow deposits of iron. However, based on a normal iron saturation of S‐transferrin and a normal sideroblast count in the bone marrow, the supply of iron to the erythropoiesis was considered sufficient. All patients but one had normoblastic bone marrows. Using a deoxyuridine suppression test in 10 patients, no biochemical defect could be demonstrated. To judge from the correlation coefficient a minor degree (9–14 %) of the variation in Hb values could be predicted from the cellularity in the bone marrow while a major degree (70 %) could be predicted from the renal glomerular filtration rate. The results do not support a displacement of blood‐forming elements, iron deficiency, vitamin B12 or folic acid deficiency to be of general significance in the pathogenesis of anaemia, but agrees with a causal relationship between anaemia and renal failure.
Activation of Complement by Stroma from Normal and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Haemoglobinuria Red Cells
Authors: De Sandre G. , Corrocher R. , Falezza G. C. , Aprili G. , Caffi S. 
Published: August 2010

Stroma from normal, AET‐treated and PNH red cells and their KCl‐extracts (partially purified on Sephadex G‐200) are able to trigger the activation of the alternative complement pathway. This fact has been demonstrated by:

— the lysis of PNH cells incubated in serum treated with stroma from normal or PNH‐RBC or with their extracts; the addition of Mg2+ or Ca2+ or of their chela‐tors (EDTA, EGTA) to the extract‐treated serum enhances or abolishes the lysis
— the reduction of complement activity in fresh serum incubated for 60' with PNH‐ extract
— the appearance of C3 breakdown products in serum incubated with PNH‐extract, demonstrated by crossed immunoelectrophoresis.

In contrast, the same stroma (or extract) inhibits the sucrose lysis test, in which the lysis takes place through the classical complement pathway. No differences on the complement activation were observed between PNH and normal RBC stroma and between their chromatographic extracts.These findings may suggest the possible role of diurnal variation of Mg2+ and Ca2+ concentration in precipitating haemolytic attacks and the possibility that small amount of circulating red cell stroma might maintain the haemolysis of PNH RBC.
Surface Immunoglobulin of Human Lymphocytes
Authors: Ito Suiko , Hattori Akira , Ito Seiki , Ihzumi Toshio , Sanada Masayoshi , Matsuoka Matsuzo 
Published: August 2010

Using ferritin as surface marker, the localization of the surface immunoglobulin (Ig) was studied on peripheral lymphocytes from normal human individuals and patients with macroglobulinaemia Waldenström by scanning immunoelectron microscopy. Normal IgG‐, IgM‐lymphocytes and pathological IgM‐lymphocytes were then compared with regard to their topographical differences.In all cells examined, IgG‐ and IgM‐conjugated ferritin particles were detected all over the cell surface, but the distribution of the former on the normal IgG‐lymphocytes was slightly more diffuse than that of the latter on the normal and pathological IgM‐lymphocytes. Furthermore, in the pathological IgM‐lymphocytes, the clustered IgM‐conjugated ferritin particles were found in great number on the microvilli.Normal IgG‐lymphocytes were almost always characterized by short rod‐like microvilli standing densely and vertically on the cell surface. Some of normal IgM‐lymphocytes had a similar appearance to those of normal IgG‐lymphocytes (type A) but others (type B) had tilted rod‐like microvilli or wide plate‐like processes on their surface.As for IgM‐lymphocytes of macroglobulinaemia, most lymphocytes had tilted rod‐like microvilli and wide plate‐like processes similar to type B, whereas a minor population of the pathological lymphocytes carried long, thin rod‐like microvilli standing vertically on the surface.
Serum Lipoproteins in Children with Anaemia
Authors: Skrede Sverre , Seip Martin 
Published: August 2010

Plasma and erythrocyte lipids were estimated in 9 children with different types of anaemia and in 9 healthy control children. The anaemic children had rather high plasma triglycerides, but low total cholesterol and phospholipids. The levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were particularly low, with a mean of only 70% of the controls. A positive correlation was found for haematocrit with HDL cholesterol, but not with low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Plasma albumin was at the same level in both groups of children, however, suggesting that the diluting effect of increase in plasma volume could only partly explain the lowering of HDL cholesterol.A striking, inverse correlation between HDL cholesterol and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglycerides was present in the anaemic children. Anaemia in children adds to previously recognized pathophysiological conditions which induce inversely interrelated changes in HDL and VLDL.
Studies on the Presence and Possible Oscillations of Granulocytic Progenitor Cells (CFU‐C) in Human Blood
Authors: Kreutzma Harald , Fliedner Theodor M. 
Published: August 2010

The presence of CFU‐C in the peripheral blood of 3 healthy volunteers was monitored over a period of 70 d. Blood samples were taken 3 times a week. Mononuclear cells (MNC) were separated from blood leucocytes by dextran sedimentation and the iron ingestion method. After cryopreservation the cells were cultured in soft agar. One sample of mononuclear cells was cultured using a leucocyte feeder layer as a source of colony stimulating activity (CSA) and another sample using human placental conditioned medium as CSA. In cultures using a leucocyte feeder layer, the average number of CFU‐C was 29, 43, 118 per ml blood. No systematic oscillations were observed.When human placental conditioned medium was used the average number of CFU‐C was 255, 125, 222 per ml blood, respectively. Significant oscillations with periods of 23, 19 and 25 d were observed.
Deoxyuridine Metabolism in Human Megaloblastic Marrow Cells
Authors: Weyden Martin B. Van Der 
Published: August 2010

Despite the clinical use of the ‘deoxyuridine suppression test’ to document vitamin B12 or folate deficiency its biochomical basis is unclear and currently disputed. Because of this the metabolism of deoxyuridine in marrow cells has been examined. In normoblastic marrow cells the ratio of radio‐labelled deoxyuridine to thymidine incorporation into DNA approximates one and preincubation of cells with unlabelled deoxyuridine results in progressive reduction of uptake of both radio‐labelled deoxynucleosides. In the same cells methotrexate significantly reduces the DNA incorporation of deoxyuridine but not that of thymidine.In megaloblastic marrow the ratio of radio‐labelled deoxyuridine to thymidine uptake is less than one and the reduced deoxyuridine uptake is not significantly altered by either cyanocobalamin or folk acid. With megaloblastic samples the reduction by deoxyuridine of radio‐labelled deoxyuridine uptake is less marked than that observed with normoblastic cells and to achieve similar results requires folic acid.These findings suggest that reduced deoxyuridylate conversion to deoxythymidylate by thymidylate synthetase is appropriate to explain the ‘deoxyuridine suppression test’ in megaloblastic marrow cells and that altered substrate requirements for this activity may occur in megaloblastic cells.
Growth Patterns of Human Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia in Diffusion Chambers before Treatment and after Cessation of Therapy
Authors: Fontebuoni Anna , Izzi Teodosio , Lucarelli Guido 
Published: August 2010

Diffusion Chambers (DC) were used to culture human bone marrow of ALL patients at the beginning and after the cessation of therapy.No growth was observed in patients before treatment, while growth patterns similar to the normal were obtained in patients after 3 years of maintenance therapy.We suggested the possibility of intensifying the multiple drug chemotherapy in ALL without permanent damage of the stem cell proliferative compartment.
Vincristine and Prednisolone Therapy in Blast Crisis of Chronic Myelogenous Leukaemia in Childhood
Authors: Kano Y. , Takaku F. , Sakamoto S. , Hida K. , Kasahara T. , Okamura J. , Hasegawa K. , Tsukada T. , Sasaki H. 
Published: August 2010

6 cases of chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) blast crisis in childhood were treated with vincristine and prednisolone (V‐P). In 3 terminal transferase (TdT)‐positive cases, blast cells were lymphoid in appearance. All 3 TdT‐positive patients entered a complete remission but developed meningeal leukaemia. The mean duration of survival from the onset of blast crisis was 32 months. In 3 TdT‐negative cases, V‐P therapy was ineffective.The results of this study suggest that V‐P therapy is more effective for CML blast crisis in childhood with TdT positive blast cells and that prophylactic central nervous system treatment is necessary to prevent meningeal leukaemia.
Sequential Studies on Serum‐Levels of Lysozyme, Lactoferrin and Eosinophil Cationic Protein in Alcoholics after Alcohol Withdrawal
Authors: Lundin L. , Hällgren R. , Venge P. 
Published: August 2010

12 male alcoholics were followed for 16 d after alcohol withdrawal with respect to the number of the different circulating blood cells and to serum levels of leucocyte markers such as β2‐microglobulin, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), lactoferrin and lysozyme. The results suggest a direct toxic effect of ethanol on the neutrophil granulocytes as indicated by high S‐lactoferrin levels. Relatively low levels of S‐lysozyme as compared to S‐lactoferrin could suggest a reduced activity of the monocytes/macrophages. The eosinophils and lymphocytes seemed quite unaffected by ethanol.Increased haematopoietic activity after withdrawal was indicated by increasing cell numbers in the peripheral blood and by increasing serum levels of lactoferrin and lysozyme. The increasing monocyte/macrophage activity after withdrawal as suggested by S‐lysozyme levels was closely related (P < 0.001) to the increased thrombopoietic activity as evaluated by peripheral thrombocyte counts. This latter finding could point to a direct relationship between monocyte/macrophage activity and thrombocyte production.
THROMBOEMBOLIC RISK IN PROSTHETIC VALVE CARRIERS. PREVENTION TRIAL
Authors: FARAH E. , CADHILAC M. , BOUBAKER A. , STARKMAN Ch. , ACAR J. 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYThe long‐term thromboembolic risk (TER) was estimated in a series of 1096 prosthesis carriers reviewed by the same group between 1963 and 1980, and in which the following points were particularly studied:the 376 first subjects operated upon with a mean follow‐up of 6 + 3 years, involving all types of prostheses, but more particularly Starr‐Edwards 1260 and 6120 valves.selected groups of patients: 60 aortic B jørk valves, 50 aortic xenografts, 18 late thromboses of surgical or anatomic valves.
Differing Form of Variant Form of Hypergranular Promyelocytic Leukaemia (M3), or Transition between M3 and Monocytic Leukaemia?
Authors: STAVEM P. , Rørvik T. O. , Blichfeldt P. , Hagen C. B. V. D. 
Published: August 2010

A 17‐year‐old woman had acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) with a leucocyte count of about 100 times 109/1. The great majority of the leucocytes were immature. About half of them were without granules; in the other half the granules were usually scanty, but occasionally numerous and rather coarse. A few cells had Auer rods arranged in bundles. The patient had uncompensated disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) with a severe tendency to bleed.Everything fitted with variant hypergranular promyelocytic leukaemia, except for the staining of 30% of the immature cells by Löffler's unspecific esterase with α‐naphthyl acetate. The patient may, therefore, be classified as either a variant of variant form M3, or as a transition between M3 and acute monocytic leukaemia.
Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura in Children; Detection of Platelet Autoantibodies by Immunofluorescence
Authors: Leeuwen E. F. van , von dem Borne A. E. G. Kr. , van der Dalen C. Plasvan , Engelfriet C. P. 
Published: August 2010

There are 3 varieties of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) in children: the acute, the chronic and the recurrent forms. We have tested the platelets from 80 children with these forms of ITP by an immunofluorescence test. Platelet‐bound immunoglobulins were detected in 19/22 acute, 41/48 chronic and 5/10 recurrent cases of ITP, i.e. in 65 of a total of 80 cases. A significance differences between acute and chronic ITP was found in the observation that only IgM was bound to the platelets of 7/16 patients with acute ITP.In all cases of chronic ITP with a positive direct immunofluorescence test, IgG was present on the platelet membrane. It is assumed because some patients with chronic ITP do not have elavated platelet‐bound immunoglobulins, and show refractoriness to immunosuppressive therapy, that in these patients the disorder is not of a humoral autoimmune nature.
Megakaryocytic Leukaemia as a Phase of Myeloproliferative Disorders
Authors: Egner James R. , Aabo Kristian , Dimitrov Nikolay V. 
Published: August 2010

2 cases of megakaryocytic leukaemia are presented as a variant of myeloproliferative disorders. The uncontrolled proliferation of the megakaryocyte‐platelet cell line occurred after splenectomy and treatment of blastic phase.Applicability of the term megakaryocytic leukaemia is discussed as well as its relationship to similar disorders. It is suggested that an extensive neoplastic proliferation of megakaryocytes with abnormal maturation and thereby formation of large dysplastic platelets in extra‐medullary organs especially the liver in the end stage of myelofibrosis is a possible mechanism for this disorder. Treatment with platelet‐pheresis may be an effective part of therapy.
An Analysis of Peripheral Blood Burst Forming Units‐Erythroid in the Polycythaemic States
Authors: Yuen E. , Gibson J. , Rickard K. A. , Kronenberg H. 
Published: August 2010

Peripheral blood burst forming units‐erythroid (BFU‐E) were measured by the plasma clot cell culture technique in patients with the various subtypes of polycythaemia and compared to normal. 10 patients with active polycythaemia rubra vera (PRV) were found to have a mean BFU‐E level of 48 ± 15.8 (SEM) per 5 times 105 cultured cells which was significantly different from normals (4 ± 1.1, P < 0.02), patients with controlled PRV (7 ± 1.6, P < 0.025), secondary polycythaemia (1 ± 0.3, P < 0.015) and relative polycythaemia (0, P < 0.015). Burst forming units were found to fall to normal levels in patients with PRV with appropriate disease control and then to rise again in patients untreated for more than 18 months.Clinical aspects. Measurement of BFU‐E levels from the peripheral blood could provide a useful adjunct from an accessible source in the differential diagnosis of polycythaemia as well as being of use in serial monitoring of patients with PRV.
Lung Transit of 111Indium‐Labelled Granulocytes
Authors: Saverymuttu S. H. , Peters A. M. , Danpure H. J. , Reavy H. J. , Osman S. , Lavender J. P. 
Published: August 2010

The early in vivo distribution of 111Indium‐labelled granulocytes, recorded by dynamic imaging using a gamma camara and computer, varied according to the separation and labelling technique. Following i.v. bolus injection, 4 kinetic patterns could be identified: (A) rapid transit through the pulmonary vasculature, (B) delayed transit through the lung with clearance by about 30 min, (C) complete retention by the lung, for up to 10 min, followed by slow release over a period of 1 to 2 h, (D) delayed transit through the lung with a similar time course to (B) but with subsequent heavy liver uptake.Granulocytes labelled with 111In‐tropolonate and maintained in plasma throughout the labelling procedure, whether injected as a ‘pure’ (separated by plasma‐enriched density gradient centrifugation) or ‘crude’ (separated by differential centrifugation) preparation, displayed type A kinetics, thought to most closely represent the normal behaviour of granulocytes. ‘Crude’ cells labelled in saline with 111In‐acetylacetonate displayed type B kinetics. ‘Pure’ cells isolated on Percoll‐saline and labelled in saline with 111In‐acetyl‐acetonate displayed type C kinetics, thought to represent granulocyte ‘stimulation’ and/or damage, or type D kinetics, thought to represent severe damage. The importance is stressed of labelling granulocytes for kinetic studies with a technique that results in minimal alteration of cell behaviour.
In Vitro Stimulation of Human Neutrophil Granulopoiesis by Unmasking an Effect of Human Serum
Authors: Mortensen Børge Thing , Schultz Henrik , Nissen Nis I. 
Published: August 2010

Human bone marrow cells from normal subjects were density‐separated in continuous density gradients of the Percoll medium. The distribution of cells showed a linear relationship between morphologic maturation and increasing density. The method was used to characterize the target cell of the growth‐stimulating effect of ultrasonically irradiated (UI) serum. All experiments showed that a distinct cell population of higher density contained the target cells, corresponding to the distribution of early myelocytes. Furthermore, the target cell was shown not to contain the Ia like antigen and was destroyed by freezing, both facts supporting the assumption of a relatively mature target cell.It is concluded that the divisions at the myelocytic level might be under the influence of a serum factor, unmasked by UI treatment.
Acquired factor VIII:C inhibitor (IgG) and positive direct Coombs' test (IgM) in a patient with lung carcinoma
Authors: de Cataldo F. , Baudo F. , Redaelli R. , Pezzetti L. 
Published: August 2010

A 73‐year‐old man with lung squamous‐cell carcinoma simultaneously developed a factor VIII:C inhibitor and a transient positive direct Coombs' test. The factor VIII:C inhibitor was characterized as a mixture of IgG1, IgG2, IgG4 with χ and Λ light chains. The Coombs' test was IgM‐specific.Treatment: blood transfusions (packed red cells), cyclophosphamide and prednisone. Bleeding subsided without factor VIII‐replacement therapy. Before death, in spite of the tumour‐mass progression, factor VIII:C was normal.
Heparin and Factor VIII
Authors: Sibinga C Th Smit , Das P C 
Published: August 2010

New approaches and techniques for improving source material collection and factor VIII production at Blood Bank level have been reported recently. Heparin has shown to be of great importance in increasing both yield and stability of factor VIII in the purification and concentration process. Work has been done to develop on a routine scale a heparin double cold‐precipitation technique for the production of freeze‐dried high yield purified factor VIII concentrate. As a spin‐off of the method red cell concentrate (RCC) and cryosupernatant plasma (SDP), both containing small amounts of heparin besides the standard CPDA‐1 anticoagulant, are recovered for clinical use. Results of the tests done:RCC ‐ in vitro: Normal Adenosin Tri‐Phosphate (ATP), 2 3 Di‐Phospho‐Glycerate (DPG) and shelf‐life, Heparin 0.7 IU/ml (±0.3).‐ in vivo: Normal half 51Cr‐survival, no side effects.SDP ‐ in vitro: Protein and chemical analysis normal, shelf‐life normal, Heparin 3.5 IU/ml (±0.7).‐ in vivo: No side‐effects, mild effect on activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT) 5 minutes post transfusion.Factor VIII concentrate ‐ in vitro: Yield 56.2 (±8.2) percent, purity 0.8 (±0.15) FVIII:C IU/mg protein, potency 25.2 (±3.2), FVIII:C IU/ml Heparin 6.2 (±0.7) IU/ml.‐ in vivo: Normal recoveries and half‐lifes after injection of 15–20 IU/kg in 4 severe hemophilia A patients.This heparin small pool high yield principle is expected to have great impact on availability, access to and safety of adequate treatment in hemophilia in the future.
A Scheme for the Future
Authors: Sibinga C. Th. Smit 
Published: August 2010

For hemophilia care on an equitable basis all over the world, adequate treatment should comprise to complex of:

Sufficient quantities of finished products, starting from 20,000 IU of factor VIII per patient per annum, to ensure a basic standard and comfort of life.
Acceptable qualities of preparations, to protect the patient from unnecessary and unwarranted risks of infection and compromittance of immunity.
Environment of treatment provided through comprehensively organized treatment centres.
Social acceptance to better balance the costs and benefits, primarily in humanitarian terms.

It is concluded that the protection against transmittable disease is suspected to be limited, either by returning to the small pool concept or applying physico‐chemical principles such as heat treatment or other approaches.
STANDARDIZATION OF VIII:C ASSAYS: A MANUFACTURER'S VIEW
Authors: Mikaelsson Marianne , Oswaldsson Ulla 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT:  Despite the use of an International Standard to define the unitage of Factor VIII coagulant activity (VIII:C) discrepancies still exist with respect to labelled potencies. In order to examine possible causes of this disagreement concentrates of low, intermediate and high purity, normal plasma (NP) and the 1st International Reference Plasma (IRP) were assayed against the 3rd International Standard (IS) using one‐stage, two‐stage and chromogenic substrate assays.When different concentrates were estimated in relation to the 3rd IS, and NP in relation to the 1st IRP, there was good agreement between the potency estimates obtained by the different assay methods. Consistent results were obtained when VIII:C deficient plasma was used instead of buffer as prediluent. When NP and IRP were assayed against the 3rd IS marked differences between the assay methods were observed when buffer was used as prediluent. This effect was reduced when the 3rd IS was prediluted with VIII:C deficient plasma.Many factors influence the standardization of VIII:C assays, but good agreement between methods can be achieved provided that like preparations are compared under standardized conditions.
Role of S‐adenosylmethionine in DNA synthesis and haemopoiesis
Authors: Sourial N.A. , Amess J.A.L. , Amos R.J. 
Published: August 2010

In man, exposure to nitrous oxide (N2O) can produce neurological damage and megaloblastic change in the bone marrow due to inactivation of vitamin B12. Methionine metabolism is interrelated with that of vitamin B12 and folate; the effect of methionine on the impaired DNA synthesis produced by N2O was therefore studied in 17 patients undergoing surgery. 14 were anaesthetised with 50% N2O in oxygen for 3–24 h. The remaining 3 had been exposed to N2O for less than 3 h. All patients developed megaloblastic bone marrow change except 2 of the latter patients whose bone marrows remained normoblastic.The bone marrow was studied biochemically using the deoxyuridine (dU) suppression test. The in vitro addition of small doses of methionine was as effective as vitamin B12 itself in correcting the defective DNA synthesis produced by N2O. It is suggested that N2O impairs methionine biosynthesis, methionine, in the form of S‐adenosylmethionine (SAM), being required for DNA synthesis and the prevention of the development of megaloblastic anaemia in man.