bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
β‐Cyclodextrin‐Mediated Removal of Soy Phospholipids from the Air–Water Interface
Authors: Arora Akshay , Damodaran Srinivasan 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBinding of soy phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) with β‐cyclodextrin (βCD) was studied using a spread monolayer technique at the air–water interface. First, surface pressure (π) versus surface concentration (Γ) isotherms of both PC and PI were characterized by forming spread monolayers on an aqueous subphase. PC and PI monolayers reached saturation at Γ of 1.98 and 3.24 μmol/m2, respectively, at 25 °C. Subsequently, desorption of PC or PI from the spread monolayer in the presence of 2–14 mM βCD in the subphase was studied by measuring changes in π of monolayer. This desorption was indicative of a complex formation between βCD and PC or PI. The amount of PC or PI bound to βCD was determined by converting the net change in π to Γ by using π–Γ isotherms. From the saturated monolayers at the air water‐interface, approximately 30% of PC and 50% of PI could be removed by 14 mM βCD. It was calculated that the free energy change required to transfer a PL from the monolayer at air–water interface to the aqueous phase in presence of βCD was decreased by 6–7 kcal/mol. Hydrolysis of PC in the monolayer by phospholipase A2 (PLA2) improved extraction efficiency of βCD. By incorporating 2.29 μM PLA2 and 10 mM βCD in subphase, up to 80% of PC monolayer could be desorbed from the air–water interface. These results are discussed in terms of the potential use of βCD to remove PLs bound to soy protein.
Phase Equilibrium and Optimization Tools: Application for Enhanced Structured Lipids for Foods
Authors: dos Santos Moises Teles , Le Roux Galo A. C. , Gerbaud Vincent 
Published: August 2010

AbstractSolid–liquid phase equilibrium modeling of triacylglycerol mixtures is essential for lipids design. Considering the α polymorphism and liquid phase as ideal, the Margules 2‐suffix excess Gibbs energy model with predictive binary parameter correlations describes the non ideal β and β′ solid polymorphs. Solving by direct optimization of the Gibbs free energy enables one to predict from a bulk mixture composition the phases composition at a given temperature and thus the SFC curve, the melting profile and the Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) curve that are related to end‐user lipid properties. Phase diagram, SFC and DSC curve experimental data are qualitatively and quantitatively well predicted for the binary mixture 1,3‐dipalmitoyl‐2‐oleoyl‐sn‐glycerol (POP) and 1,2,3‐tripalmitoyl‐sn‐glycerol (PPP), the ternary mixture 1,3‐dimyristoyl‐2‐palmitoyl‐sn‐glycerol (MPM), 1,2‐distearoyl‐3‐oleoyl‐sn‐glycerol (SSO) and 1,2,3‐trioleoyl‐sn‐glycerol (OOO), for palm oil and cocoa butter. Then, addition to palm oil of Medium‐Long‐Medium type structured lipids is evaluated, using caprylic acid as medium chain and long chain fatty acids (EPA‐eicosapentaenoic acid, DHA‐docosahexaenoic acid, γ‐linolenic‐octadecatrienoic acid and AA‐arachidonic acid), as sn‐2 substitutes. EPA, DHA and AA increase the melting range on both the fusion and crystallization side. γ‐linolenic shifts the melting range upwards. This predictive tool is useful for the pre‐screening of lipids matching desired properties set a priori.
Equal but different: a contextual analysis of duplicated videos on YouTube
Authors: Rodrigues Tiago , Benevenuto Fabrício , Almeida Virgílio , Almeida Jussara , Gonçalves Marcos 
Published: August 2010

AbstractVideos have become a predominant part of users’ daily lives on the Web, especially with the emergence of online video sharing systems such as YouTube. Since users can independently share videos in these systems, some videos can be duplicates (i.e., identical or very similar videos). Despite having the same content, there are some potential context differences in duplicates, for example, in their associated metadata (i.e., tags, title) and their popularity scores (i.e., number of views, comments). Quantifying these differences is important to understand how users associate metadata to videos and to understand possible reasons that influence the popularity of videos, which is crucial for video information retrieval mechanisms, association of advertisements to videos, and performance issues related to the use of caches and content distribution networks (CDNs). This work presents a wide quantitative characterization of the context differences among identical contents. Using a large video sample collected from YouTube, we construct a dataset of duplicates. Our measurement analysis provides several interesting findings that can have implications for how videos should be retrieved in video sharing websites as well as for advertising systems that need to understand the role that users play when they create content in services such as YouTube.
A combination antioxidant therapy prevents age‐related hearing loss in C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Ackah Selena E. Heman , Juhn Steven K. , Huang Tina C. , Wiedmann Timothy S. 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVEAge‐related hearing loss (ARHL) is characterized by gradual, progressive sensorineural hearing loss, which impairs communication, lending to clinical depression and social withdrawal. There are currently no effective treatments for ARHL. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential of a combination antioxidant therapy in preventing ARHL.STUDY DESIGNRandomized controlled trial.SETTINGAnimal study.SUBJECTS AND METHODSC57BL/6 mice, a recognized animal model of ARHL, were assigned to one of three groups: early treatment (n = 12), late treatment (n = 9), or control group (n = 9). Treatment groups of mice were fed with a combination agent comprising six antioxidant agents that target four sites within the oxidative pathway: L‐cysteine‐glutathione mixed disulfide, ribose‐ cysteine, NW‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester, vitamin B12, folate, and ascorbic acid. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) thresholds were recorded at baseline and every three months following initiation of treatment.RESULTSThreshold shifts from baseline were decreased in the treatment groups when compared to the control group at all tested frequencies (P < 0.001). The ABR threshold shift at 12 months of age for the control group was 34.7 dB with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of ± 1.6. The mean threshold shifts for the early and late treatment groups were 7.5 dB (±0.87, 95% CI) and 9.2 dB (±1.6, 95% CI).CONCLUSIONCombination antioxidant therapy effectively decreased threshold shifts on ABR within an animal model of ARHL. Combination antioxidant therapy, with further research and investigation, may provide a safe and cost‐effective method of preventing presbycusis in the growing elderly population.© 2010 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
Long‐term results with the Rion E‐type semi‐implantable hearing aid
Authors: Komori Masahiro , Yanagihara Naoaki , Hinohira Yasuyuki , Hato Naohito , Gyo Kiyofumi 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVEThe Rion implantable hearing aid (IHA) Ehime (E)‐type was developed for ears with middle ear diseases. This study focused on the current status of the patients, device problems, postoperative difficulties, and preventive measures against them.STUDY DESIGNCase series with chart review.SETTINGTertiary referral hospital.SUBJECTS AND METHODSSubjects were 30 patients who were implanted with the IHA E‐type between 1984 and 1997 and followed up for more than 10 years. Current status of IHA implantees, incidents of device problems, and postoperative troubles and hearing outcomes were reviewed.RESULTSEleven patients (36.7%) still use the original device. The average period of use was 16.6 ± 3.3 years (21 years at most). The incidence of problems was lower with the second version of the device compared to the first version. Frequencies of the troubles were related to the types of original ear diseases: seven of 17 cases with chronic otitis media (41.2%), two of seven cases with cholesteatoma (28.6%), and two of six cases with tympanosclerosis (33.3%). No cholesteatoma occurred after surgical procedures (i.e., external ear canal closure and tympanic membrane lateralized) (P = 0.06). The device was exposed through a retroauricular skin fistula where the internal coil had been implanted. Significantly fewer infections were observed when the two‐stage operation was used (P = 0.01).CONCLUSIONFor long‐term success in implantation of the IHA, careful control of middle ear inflammation and measures against eustachian tube dysfunction are required in addition to technological advancements.© 2010 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
A physician's personal experience as a cancer of the neck patient
Authors: Brook Itzhak 
Published: August 2010

The author presents his personal experiences as a physician who had several surgical procedures to remove pyriform sinus squamous cell carcinoma, which included laryngectomy. He recently published a book that captures the three years of his life that followed his throat cancer diagnosis and tells his story of facing and dealing with medical and surgical treatments and adjusting to life afterwards. The editorial highlights some of the book's features that relate to the important role of head and neck surgeons in the care of patients with cancer.© 2010 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
A practical guide to understanding Kaplan‐Meier curves
Authors: Rich Jason T. , Neely J. Gail , Paniello Randal C. , Voelker Courtney C. J. , Nussenbaum Brian , Wang Eric W. 
Published: August 2010

In 1958, Edward L. Kaplan and Paul Meier collaborated to publish a seminal paper on how to deal with incomplete observations. Subsequently, the Kaplan‐Meier curves and estimates of survival data have become a familiar way of dealing with differing survival times (times‐to‐event), especially when not all the subjects continue in the study. “Survival” times need not relate to actual survival with death being the event; the “event” may be any event of interest. Kaplan‐Meier analyses are also used in nonmedical disciplines.The purpose of this article is to explain how Kaplan‐Meier curves are generated and analyzed. Throughout this article, we will discuss Kaplan‐Meier estimates in the context of “survival” before the event of interest. Two small groups of hypothetical data are used as examples in order for the reader to clearly see how the process works. These examples also illustrate the crucially important point that comparative analysis depends upon the whole curve and not upon isolated points.© 2010 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
Reducing risk of fire in the operating room using coblation technology
Authors: Matt Bruce H. , Cottee Lauren A. 
Published: August 2010

Operating room fires are rare, but when they occur, they have potentially devastating and deadly consequences. Coblation (ArthroCare ENT, Austin, TX) technology has become popular for many otolaryngology procedures and seems to have the advantage of reducing fire risk. Our objective was to test the Coblator II on various flammable materials commonly found and used in the operating room. We placed the active Coblator II at the highest settings, in direct contact with flammable operating room equipment and materials, and made the environment even more volatile by introducing oxygen into the testing environment. We found that the Coblator II did not produce fire when in contact with any of the materials. This finding is very important in otolaryngology because airway procedures often take place in environments with high concentrations of oxygen. Our testing shows that the Coblator II is safe to use in these types of environments.© 2010 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
Released intranasal eosinophilic major basic protein as a diagnostic marker for polypoid chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Schmid Christoph , Habermann Walter , Braun Hannes , Gugatschka Markus , Oriel Brad S. , Smietana Janel A. , Stammberger Heinz 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVETo investigate the hypothesis that eosinophil major basic protein is released in high concentrations in the nasal mucus of patients with polypoid chronic rhinosinusitis.STUDY DESIGNSingle center, open, prospective trial.SETTINGMedical University of Graz, Austria.SUBJECTS AND METHODSPatients with polypoid chronic rhinosinusitis (n = 23) were compared to three different control groups: patients with chronic rhinosinusitis‐like symptoms but without general mucosal thickening, patients who underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery for reasons other than chronic rhinosinusitis, and patients without sinus disease (total n = 21). Mucus was harvested from each patient using a standardized technique and analyzed for eosinophil major basic protein with an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.RESULTSIn the patient group with polypoid chronic rhinosinusitis, 20 of 23 (87%) were positive for eosinophil major basic protein. In contrast, only one control patient was positive, whereas the remainder had no detectable amount of eosinophil major basic protein in the mucus (P = 0.001 vs chronic rhinosinusitis).CONCLUSIONToxic eosinophil major basic protein levels are elevated in polypoid chronic rhinosinusitis patients compared to control groups that have similar clinical presentations but upon closer examination turn out not to have chronic rhinosinusitis. In the future, the detection of eosinophil major basic protein in nasal mucus may become a sensitive and specific marker for chronic rhinosinusitis and a helpful diagnostic tool.© 2010 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
Canalith repositioning variations for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
Authors: Cohen Helen S. , Haghpeykar Haleh Sangi 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVETo determine if variations in common treatments for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) affected efficacy.STUDY DESIGNProspective, pseudo‐randomized study.SETTINGOutpatient practice in a tertiary care facility.SUBJECTS AND METHODSPatients (n = 118) with unilateral BPPV of the posterior canal, including 13 patients with BPPV of the lateral canal, were tested at a tertiary care center on one of five interventions: canalith repositioning maneuver (CRP), CRP plus home exercise, modified CRP, CRP for patients with involvement of two semicircular canals, and self‐CRP home exercise. Self‐CRP was also compared to previously published data on efficacy of the Brandt Daroff exercise. Main outcome measures were vertigo intensity and frequency, presence/absence of Dix‐Hallpike responses, Vestibular Disorders Activities of Daily Living Scale (VADL), and computerized dynamic posturography.RESULTSVertigo intensity and frequency and Dix‐Hallpike responses decreased significantly, and posturography and VADL improved significantly from pre‐to post tests. No other significant changes were found. The groups did not differ significantly. Vertigo intensity and frequency were not strongly related at pretest but were related at post‐test. Length of illness and age did not influence the results.CONCLUSIONHowever the head is moved, as long as it is moved rapidly enough and through the correct planes in space, repositioning treatments are likely to be effective. Therefore, clinicians have a range of choices in selecting the treatment best suited for each patient's unique needs.© 2010 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
Demographics and efficacy of head and neck cancer screening
Authors: Shuman Andrew G. , Entezami Payam , Chernin Anna S. , Wallace Nancy E. , Taylor Jeremy M. G. , Hogikyan Norman D. 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVEThis study was designed to 1) describe the demographics and 2) determine the efficacy of a head and neck cancer screening program to optimize future programs.STUDY DESIGNDatabase analysis plus chart review.SETTINGTertiary care academic medical center.SUBJECTS AND METHODSAfter Institutional Review Board approval, we reviewed our 14‐year experience (1996‐2009) conducting a free annual head and neck cancer screening clinic. Available demographic and clinical data, as well as clinical outcomes, were analyzed for all participants (n = 761). The primary outcome was the presence of a finding suspicious for head and neck cancer on screening evaluation.RESULTSFive percent of participants had findings suspicious for head and neck cancer on screening evaluation, and malignant or premalignant lesions were confirmed in one percent of participants. Lack of insurance (P = 0.05), tobacco use (P < 0.001), male gender (P = 0.03), separated marital status (P = 0.03), and younger age (P = 0.04) were the significant demographic predictors of a lesion suspicious for malignancy. Patients complaining of a neck mass (P < 0.001) or oral pain (P < 0.001) were significantly more likely to have findings suspicious of malignancy. A high percentage (40%) was diagnosed with benign otolaryngologic pathologies on screening evaluation.CONCLUSIONA minority of patients presenting to a head and neck cancer screening clinic will have a suspicious lesion identified. Given these findings, to achieve maximal potential benefit, future head and neck cancer screening clinics should target patients with identifiable risk factors and take full advantage of opportunities for education and prevention.© 2010 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
Mission investing and the philanthropic toolbox
Authors: Wood David , Hagerman Lisa 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
This article explores the growing field of mission investing among foundations in the United States, understood as a relatively new tool in the philanthropic toolbox. We define the field of mission investing and explore how a foundation's endowment assets can be leveraged to meet mission goals across social and environmental issues facing society. We also place mission investing in the broader context of socially responsible and responsible investments. We then treat foundation specific concerns in implementing mission investing, and in measuring its value. Finally, we conclude with a brief analysis of the role mission investing may play in current discussions over philanthro-capitalism, recent calls for a more “business-like” philanthropy, and related trends.
The Russian puzzle: Mortality and ethnicity in a changing society, 1994–2004
Authors: Bougdaeva Saglar 
Published: August 2010

Do ethnic minority populations cope better with the transition from socialism and subsequent economic decline than Russian majority populations in post-communist Russia?
Using multivariate and random-effects models for the 1994–2004 panel data and adjusting for income, urbanization, and crime, this paper demonstrates that the long-standing pattern of Muslim mortality advantage continued to persist during the post-Soviet mortality crisis in Russia. This study suggests that in the ethno-territorial federative system of Russia belonging not to autonomous republics, but to the Muslim ethno-religious communities was significant in resistance to cumulative death crisis during a period of dramatic societal changes. In fact, both living in the Caucasus environment and in the Muslim ethno-religious communities appeared to be significant factors. This study suggests that not only religion, but cultural practices based on ethno-religious and environmental prescriptions may account for collectively healthier practices and, therefore, advantageous mortality outcomes.
ENTROPY AND RENORMALIZED SOLUTIONS FOR THEp(x)-LAPLACIAN EQUATION WITH MEASURE DATA
Authors: ZHANG CHAO , ZHOU SHULIN 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn this paper we prove the existence and uniqueness of both entropy solutions and renormalized solutions for thep(x)-Laplacian equation with variable exponents and a signed measure inL1(Ω)+W−1,p′(⋅)(Ω). Moreover, we obtain the equivalence of entropy solutions and renormalized solutions.
Gill ectoparasite assemblages of two non-native Cichla populations (Perciformes, Cichlidae) in Brazilian reservoirs
Authors: Yamada F.H. , Santos L.N. , Takemoto R.M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe gills of 41 Cichla piquiti and 39 C. kelberi from Itaipu and Lajes reservoirs, respectively, Brazil, were examined to describe the ectoparasite assemblages of these two non-native peacock-bass populations. All ectoparasite species of the two studied hosts (C. piquiti and C. kelberi) were dominant, but Ascocotyle sp. (metacercariae) was the prevalent (58.53%) and most abundant helminth species in C. piquiti hosts, while Sciadicleithrum ergensi was the dominant species in C. kelberi hosts. Gill ectoparasites of C. piquiti and C. kelberi showed a typical pattern of overdispersion or aggregation, which is commonly reported for many other freshwater fishes. Ectoparasite prevalence and abundance did not vary between host sexes of the two Cichla populations. The prevalence and abundance of Ascocotyle sp. were positively correlated with C. piquiti standard length (SL), but only the abundance of S. ergensi showed a positive correlation with C. kelberi SL. Although environmental differences between reservoirs might also have influenced the results, we anticipated that the presence of a close congener in Itaipu reservoir and the lack of other Cichla species in Lajes reservoir were the key factors to explain the contrasts between C. piquiti and C. kelberi gill ectoparasites. Overall, our results suggest that the trend of parasite species loss through the invasion process may have contributed to the establishment of non-native C. piquiti and C. kelberi populations in Brazilian reservoirs.
Miners' magic: artisanal mining, the albino fetish and murder in Tanzania
Authors: Bryceson Deborah Fahy , Jønsson Jesper Bosse , Sherrington Richard 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTA series of murders of albinos in Tanzania's north-west mining frontier has been shrouded in a discourse of primitivism by the international and national press, sidestepping the significance of the contextual circumstances of an artisanal mining boom firmly embedded in a global commodity chain and local profit maximisation. The murders are connected to gold and diamond miners' efforts to secure lucky charms for finding minerals and protection against danger while mining. Through the concept of fetish creation, this article interrogates the agency of those involved in the murders: the miners who purchase the albino charms, thewagangahealers renowned for their healing, divination and sorcery skills who prescribe and sell the charms, and the albino murder victims. The agrarian background, miners' ambitions and a clash of values comprise our starting point for understanding the victimisation of albinos.