bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spherical aberration, visual performance and pseudoaccommodation of eyes implanted with different aspheric intraocular lens
Authors: Shentu Xingchao , Tang Xiajing , Yao Ke 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPurpose:  To compare spherical aberration, visual performance and pseudoaccommodation in pseudophakic eyes implanted with aspheric intraocular lenses (IOLs) of Tecnis Z9001 with negative spherical aberration (AMO Inc.), aspheric aberration‐free IOLs of Akreos AO (Bausch & Lomb Inc.) and spherical IOLs of KS‐1 (Cannon Staar Inc.).Methods:  A total of 196 patients presenting for cataract surgery were randomly assigned to receive one of three types of IOLs in one eye. Spherical aberration, best‐corrected far visual acuity (BCFVA), distance corrected near visual acuity (DCNVA), contrast sensitivity, glare sensitivity and pseudoaccommodation were measured and compared 3 months postoperatively.Results:  At 3 months postoperatively, the mean spherical aberration Z(4,0) for 5 mm pupil size in eyes with Tecnis Z9001 IOLs, Akreos AO IOLs, and KS‐1 IOLs were 0.022 ± 0.071 µm, 0.141 ± 0.070 µm and 0.210 ± 0.108 µm, respectively (P < 0.001), and significant difference was also found in two aspheric IOLs (P < 0.001). Compared with spherical KS‐1 IOLs, Tecnis Z9001 IOLs significantly improved the contrast sensitivity at 4.0°, 2.5° visual angle and glare sensitivity at 4.0°, 2.5°, 2.0°, 1.6° visual angle, Akreos AO IOLs significantly improved contrast sensitivity at 2.5° and glare sensitivity at 4.0°, 2.5°, 2.0°, but no difference statistically significance were found between two aspheric IOLs at any visual angle. In addition, there was no significant difference among three IOLs regarding BCFVA, DCNVA and pseudoaccommodation.Conclusions:  All the studied IOLs can provide good visual acuity. Compared with spherical IOLs, both aspheric IOLs can significantly decrease spherical aberration and improve visual performance without the reduction of pseudoaccommodation amplitude.
MIDDLEMEN AND THE ADVERSE SELECTION PROBLEM
Authors: Vesala Timo 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTWe demonstrate that the coexistence of an uncoordinated search market and a middleman market may alleviate adverse selection in the trade of goods of different quality. Inability to conduct trade penalizes sellers of low‐quality goods disproportionately, encouraging them to trade via middlemen. A semi‐separating equilibrium exists when a sufficient number of sellers of low‐quality goods choose the middleman market to allow high‐quality goods to be successfully traded in the search market. The result may explain why a search market can survive alongside a coordinated market, a phenomenon characteristic, for example, of markets for used cars, housing and labour.
JOINT VENTURES, POLLUTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
Authors: Roy Chowdhury Indrani 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTWe examine the impact of emission taxes on the pollution level in a duopoly framework with endogenous market structure. We demonstrate that an increase in emission taxes could trigger a regime switch from joint ventures to Cournot competition, causing the pollution level to increase. Such a phenomenon is likely to happen when the concerned industry is reasonably profitable, and the synergistic gain between joint venture partners is not too strong. Moreover, emission taxes can implement the first best outcome if and only if the industry is not too polluting. In case it is, the second best level of taxes may or may not equal the optimal tax under either joint venture or Cournot competition.
Are primary health care staff aware of the role of community learning disability teams in relation to health promotion and health facilitation?
Authors: Hames Annette , Carlson Tracy 
Published: September 2010

SummaryResearch has identified that while people with learning disabilities often have greater health needs than the general population, they access primary care at the same rate or lower. Valuing People recommends that members of learning disability teams should take on a key role in supporting people with learning disabilities to access mainstream health services. They should be working with primary health care teams in a health facilitation and health promotion role. This study aimed to examine whether primary health care team members knew what services were provided by their local learning disability team, and in particular whether they used specialist learning disability workers to identify health care needs.
ABO frequencies in Mongols*
Authors: KAPLAN S. , LI C.C , WALD N. , Borges W. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryThe ABO frequencies in 290 mongols at the Polk State School and Hospital have been analysed and compared with three control groups in the Pittsburgh area. No evidence of an increase in AB or a decrease in O group among the mongols has been found. The conclusion is that the ABO locus is probably not located in the chromosome for which the mongols are trisomic.We are indebted to Drs William Kuhns, Arthur Mirsky, and Ian Higgins for allowing us to use their ABO data in the Pittsburgh area as controls.
Origin of triploidy in spontaneous abortuses
Authors: LAURITSEN J. G. , BOLUND L. , FRIEDRICH U. , THERKELSEN A. J. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryFourteen triploid spontaneous abortuses were studied cytogenetically by sequential Q and C banding and the marker chromosomes were compared with those of the parents. The abortuses comprised all triploid cases in a series of 288 consecutive abortuses of the first 16 weeks of pregnancy occurring in one hospital. In 12 of the triploids the origin of the extra haploid set was conclusively determined, revealing six cases of dispermy, five failures in the first maternal and one failure in the first paternal meiotic division.
The expression of creatine kinase isozymes in human cultured cells
Authors: POVEY SUSAN , INWOOD MARY , TANYAR ALISON , BOBROW MARTIN 
Published: September 2010

SummaryThe BB isozyme of creatine kinase is consistently present in cultured human fibroblasts and shows great variation in activity in long‐term lymphoid lines. One mouse line tested, PG 19, had strong activity, but all other rodent lines tested did not express CK BB. Human and mouse CK BB can be expressed independently of each other in human‐rodent somatic cell hybrids.
AUTOIMMUNE (IDIOPATHIC) THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA IN PREGNANCY AND THE NEWBORN
Authors: Jones R. W. , Asher M. Innes , Rutherford Cynthia J. , Munro Heather M. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryThe effects of autoimmune (or idiopathic) thrombocytopenic purpura (ATP) on 51 pregnancies in 29 women is presented. There is no convincing evidence that the clinical course of ATP is influenced by pregnancy. There was no increased incidence of obstetric complications. No problems were encountered following spontaneous vaginal delivery or low forceps delivery. There were no perinatal deaths. Twenty newborn infants were studied in detail and significant thrombocytopenia was present in half of them. The severity of thrombocytopenia in the newborn correlated closely with the severity of maternal disease; those women in clinical remission following splenectomy but with presumed high levels of antiplatelet antibodies were those most likely to be delivered of affected newborn infants. The cord blood platelet count was the most reliable guide to the potential severity of the neonatal thrombocytopenia. Platelet counts were lowest between the second and fourth days of neonatal life. The management of the severely affected infant is discussed.
A combination of misoprostol and estradiol for preoperative cervical ripening in postmenopausal women: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Oppegaard KS , Lieng M , Berg A , Istre O , Qvigstad E , Nesheim B‐I 
Published: September 2010

Objective  To compare the impact of 1000 μg of self‐administered vaginal misoprostol versus self‐administered vaginal placebo on preoperative cervical ripening after 2 weeks of pretreatment with estradiol vaginal tablets in postmenopausal women prior to day‐care operative hysteroscopy.Design  Randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled sequential trial.Setting  Norwegian university teaching hospital.Population  Sixty‐seven postmenopausal women referred for day‐care operative hysteroscopy.Methods  The women were randomised to receive either 1000 μg of self‐administered vaginal misoprostol or self‐administered vaginal placebo on the evening before day‐care operative hysteroscopy. All women had administered a 25‐μg vaginal estradiol tablet daily for 14 days prior to the operation.Main outcome measures  Primary outcome: preoperative cervical dilatation at hysteroscopy. Secondary outcomes: difference in dilatation at recruitment and before hysteroscopy, number of women who achieved a preoperative cervical dilatation of 5 mm or more, acceptability, complications and adverse effects.Results  The mean cervical dilatation was 5.7 mm (SD, 1.6 mm) in the misoprostol group and 4.7 mm (SD, 1.5 mm) in the placebo group, the mean difference in cervical dilatation being 1.0 mm (95% CI, 0.2–1.7 mm). Self‐administered vaginal misoprostol of 1000 μg at home on the evening before day‐care hysteroscopy is safe and highly acceptable, although a small proportion of women experienced lower abdominal pain.Conclusions  One thousand micrograms of self‐administered vaginal misoprostol, 12 hours prior to day‐care hysteroscopy, after 14 days of pretreatment with vaginal estradiol, has a significant cervical ripening effect compared with placebo in postmenopausal women.
Back to Basics: The evidence for reducing the pain of administration of local anesthesia and cosmetic injectables
Authors: Babamiri Kajal , Nassab Reza 
Published: September 2010

SummaryAdministration of injections, whether local anesthetic or cosmetic injectable, can result in significant distress and discomfort to patients. This review explores factors that can alleviate anxiety and pain associated with injections including cosmetic injectables. We highlight that many techniques used to reduce pain have only been reported based on anecdotal evidence and small series. The techniques that have been reported to reduce pain, by randomized controlled trials, include pretreatment with topical local anesthetic agents and combined cosmetic injectables with local anesthetics.
Learning from the Saints: Ninth‐Century Hagiography and the Carolingian Renaissance
Authors: Bosworth Amy K. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn the early Middle Ages (c.500–1000) in Western Europe, the saints played a vital role in the lives of all Christians. Everyone regardless of status or gender believed in their power to cure the suffering, protect the faithful, and castigate the wicked. Hagiography, the stories of the holy dead, celebrated the saints and helped maintain and validate their cults. For historians, these texts provide insight not only into the practice of Christianity, but also into the social and political landscape of the time. During the ninth century, many authors of hagiography also participated in and benefitted from a royal program of reform centered on education and uniformity. Yet, the stories of the saints reflect the continuation and predominance of regional concerns and the limitations of the message of uniformity in the so‐called Carolingian Renaissance.
Recent Trends in the Study of Medieval Canonizations
Authors: Katajala‐Peltomaa Sari 
Published: September 2010

AbstractCanonization processes, inquiries into a putative saint's life, merits and miracles, are rich sources for the study of lived experiences as well as religious practices of lay Christians. Studies of this field have multiplied during the 1990s and 2000s; the focus had shifted from overall categorizations and comparison of various processes to a narrower but nuanced perspective; qualitative close reading of the depositions is an important method of analysis. Currently, social history approach, everyday life, family and gender, as well as local interaction and political motivation behind the practicalities of the proceedings are pre‐eminent themes in the study of medieval canonizations.
Using a Clinical Pathway to Support Normal Birth: Impact on Practitioner Roles and Working Practices
Authors: Hunter Billie , Segrott Jeremy 
Published: September 2010

Abstract:  Background:  Widespread concerns are being voiced in the Western world about rising rates of childbirth intervention. In Wales, United Kingdom, a Clinical Pathway for Normal Labour (Normal Labour Pathway) was devised to support normal childbirth and reduce unnecessary interventions. This study investigated the implementation of the pathway, from the perspective of midwives, doctors, and midwifery managers.Methods:  An ethnographic approach was used to observe use of the Normal Labour Pathway in real life settings and evaluate its implementation. Data were collected by means of semiparticipant observation, focus groups, and interviews. Participants (n = 56) included senior practitioners involved in creating the pathway (n = 4), midwives (n = 41), managers (n = 5), and doctors (n = 6). Data were analyzed thematically.Results:  Key themes related to the effect of the Normal Labour Pathway on Welsh maternity care, and midwives’ and doctors’ experiences. Midwives’ views focused on the pathway as a decision‐making protocol and record of care. Recently qualified midwives were more likely to view the pathway positively than those with more experience. Doctors were critical of the pathway, experiencing it as exclusionary. Midwives and doctors considered that the Normal Labour Pathway had increased interprofessional tensions. There was no evidence that it had increased the normal birth rate.Conclusions:  The Normal Labour Pathway is a complex intervention with complex outcomes. It has had intended and unintended consequences, for maternity care in general and for the roles and relationships of maternity care practitioners. The study raises questions about the appropriateness of clinical pathways and other standardized decision‐making tools for the complexity of childbirth. (BIRTH 37:3 September 2010)
Spirituality, Demographic and Disease Factors, and Adjustment to Cancer
Authors: Schnoll Robert A. , Harlow Lisa L. , Brower Lisa 
Published: September 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between demographic‐disease variables, spirituality, and psychosocial adjustment in a heterogeneous sample of patients with cancer.description of Study: Participants (N = 83) accrued through the Rhode Island Hospital and the American Cancer Society completed questionnaires, and structural equation modeling was used to examine the relationships among disease and demographic factors, spirituality, and psychosocial adjustment to cancer.Results: Of five models tested, a mediational model received the strongest support (chi‐square(35)‐66.61; P = .005; comparative fit index = .90; root mean square error of approximation = .09), explaining 64% of the variance in psychosocial adjustment. Being a woman, having a longer illness duration, and having a lower disease stage were related to greater levels of purpose in life and religious/existential beliefs, which, in turn, were associated with higher levels of family and social adjustment and psychological health.clinical Implications: The results indicate that spirituality can influence how patients with cancer adjust to their diagnosis and treatment and, thus, support the need for interventions that target spirituality to promote psychosocial adjustment in this population.
Psychological Sequelae and Alopecia Among Women with Cancer
Authors: McGarvey Elizabeth L. , Baum Lora D. , Pinkerton Relana C. , Rogers Laura M. 
Published: September 2010

Purpose:This article reviews the relevant literature on treatment‐induced alopecia in women with cancer and describes the development of a computer‐assisted intervention to reduce distress associated with this side effect.Description of program:Alopecia has been cited as the most disturbing anticipated side effect by up to 58% of women preparing for chemotherapy, with 8% being at risk for avoiding treatment. Women with cancer who experience alopecia as a side effect, compared with women with cancer and no alopecia, report lower self‐esteem, poorer body image, and lower quality of life. Although physicians' recommendations are the most influential factor on cancer treatment choice, body image and effects on sexuality are the next most influential factors. A study of a computer‐imaging intervention, based on concepts related to guided imagery and anticipatory grief, has been launched in an effort to aid women in coping with anticipated treatment‐related alopecia.Results:While we are still waiting for final data collection and analysis from the computer intervention study, the feedback thus far has been positive.Clinical implications:The intervention described here may prove to be effective in desensitizing women with cancer to hair loss and facilitating an adjustment to self‐acceptance. As such, a higher quality of life during the difficult time of coping may be maintained. The development of a computer‐imaging intervention offers an opportunity to integrate a standard psychosocial intervention, personalized for each patient, into the routine patient care in the oncology setting.
Effects of Early Losartan Therapy on Ventricular Late Potentials in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Kim Dae‐Hyeok , Choi Woong‐Gil , Kwan Jun , Park Keum‐Soo , Lee Woo‐Hyung 
Published: September 2010

Background: Ventricular late potentials (LPs) obtained by the signal‐averaged electrocardiogram (SAECG) have prognostic significance as independent predictors of arrhythmic events after an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Angiotensin receptor blockers reduce the overall mortality and risk of sudden cardiac death in postinfarction patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of early losartan therapy on ventricular LPs, a noninvasive method for the evaluation of arrhythmogenic substrates in AMI patients. Methods: The study included 97 patients with their first AMI. Forty‐eight patients (39 men and 9 women, aged 58.8 ± 13.19 years), received early losartan therapy. The control group consisted of 49 patients (38 men and 11 women, aged 59.55 ± 11.0 years), did not received early losartan therapy. The SAECG was performed at admission and day 14. Results: The baseline clinical, angiographic characteristics, and reperfusion methods were similar in both groups. The baseline SAECG findings were also similar in the two groups. There was a significant decrease in the rate of LP, between the first and last SAECG recordings, after reperfusion therapy in the losartan group. All of the parameters of LPs were significantly improved in the losartan group on the last SAECG recordings. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that losartan treatment, early after an AMI, reduced the incidence of LP and may thus favorably affect arrhythmia substrates.
Vietnam's Civilizing Process and the Retreat from the Street: A Turtle's Eye View From Ho Chi Minh City
Authors: HARMS ERIK 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper documents the closing down of street life at the Turtle Lake café district in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Once a bustling area of outdoor activity where patrons would sit in outdoor cafés and turn their gaze towards the public activity of the street, the area has recently been cleared of street side cafés. Instead of looking outward toward the street, patrons now sit indoors in high‐end cafes with darkened windows, their gazes directed inwards in a fashion that turns their backs on the street. The new direction of their gaze is linked to both state and popular language about the desire to build a new form of “urban civilization.” In this paper, I show how the language of civilization, coupled with a new spatialized dialectic of seeing, shows a convergence between the disciplinary goals of the late socialist Vietnamese state and the interests of an emerging propertied class in urban Ho Chi Minh City. The logic of “civilization” thus unifies agendas heretofore seen as mutually opposed.
Learning the Form of Causal Relationships Using Hierarchical Bayesian Models
Authors: Lucas Christopher G. , Griffiths Thomas L. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPeople learn quickly when reasoning about causal relationships, making inferences from limited data and avoiding spurious inferences. Efficient learning depends on abstract knowledge, which is often domain or context specific, and much of it must be learned. While such knowledge effects are well documented, little is known about exactly how we acquire knowledge that constrains learning. This work focuses on knowledge of the functional form of causal relationships; there are many kinds of relationships that can apply between causes and their effects, and knowledge of the form such a relationship takes is important in order to quickly identify the real causes of an observed effect. We developed a hierarchical Bayesian model of the acquisition of knowledge of the functional form of causal relationships and tested it in five experimental studies, considering disjunctive and conjunctive relationships, failure rates, and cross‐domain effects. The Bayesian model accurately predicted human judgments and outperformed several alternative models.
Role of host‐plant selection in resistance of wild Solanum species to Macrosiphum euphorbiae and Myzus persicae
Authors: Pompon Julien , Quiring Dan , Giordanengo Philippe , Pelletier Yvan 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDamage to potatoes by Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) and Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (both Hemiptera: Aphididae) can be controlled through plant resistance. We used ethological experiments and electric penetration graph (EPG) analysis to evaluate the role of host selection in the previously assessed resistance levels of Solanum accessions: Solanum circaeifolium Bitter subsp. capsicibaccatum (Cárdenas) (PI210036), S. chomatophilum Bitter (PI243340 and PI310990), S. okadae Hawkes & Hjert. (PI458367), S. oplocense Hawkes (PI473368), S. pinnatisectum Dunal (PI186553), S. polyadenium Greenm. (PI230463), S. tarijense Hawkes (PI414150), and S. trifidum Correll (PI255538), to M. euphorbiae and M. persicae. Through multivariate analysis, we grouped behavioural variables into factors, which we related to host selection behaviours, and then evaluated whether factors varied between each accession and the susceptible S. tuberosum. None of the factors obtained by ethological experiments differed among accessions. Four of six and three of five factors obtained through EPG varied among accessions for M. euphorbiae and M. persicae, respectively, and were used to suggest resistance characteristics. The resistance to M. persicae of both S. chomatophilum accessions was associated with pathway activity disturbance. Solanum tarijense and S. polyadenium resistance to M. persicae resulted from leaf surface characteristics, which may be trichomes. Solanum oplocense and S. trifidum resistance to M. euphorbiae resulted from the wound response system, whereas S. pinnatisectum resistance may stem from nutritionally unbalanced or toxic phloem sap. Solanum polyadenium resistance to M. euphorbiae was phloem‐based. Solanum circaeifolium ssp. capsicibaccatum resistance to M. persicae, and the resistance of PI243340 S. chomatophilum and S. tarijense to M. euphorbiae were not related to host selection and therefore were presumably due to physiologically active compounds.