bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrafast decay of non‐equilibrium (hot) phonons in GaN‐based 2DEG channels
Authors: Matulionis Arvydas 
Published: October 2009

AbstractFast and ultrafast decay of non‐equilibrium longitudinal optical phonons (hot phonons) is discussed on examples of two‐dimensional electron gas (2DEG) channels confined in nominally‐undoped nitride and selectivelydoped arsenide heterostructures subjected to pulsed dc electric power. At a low–moderate power, a nonmonotonous dependence of the hot‐phonon lifetime on the 2DEG density is found. The fastest decay takes place at ∼2.5 × 1012 cm–2 in GaInAs 2DEG channel and at ∼7 × 1012 cm–2 in GaN 2DEG channel. The result is discussed in terms of plasmon–LO‐phonon resonance. The hot‐phonon lifetime decreases when the supplied power is increased if the 2DEG density exceeds the resonance density. The shortest hot‐phonon lifetime of 60 fs is obtained at/above 50 nW/electron for the lattice‐matched AlInN/AlN/GaN 2DEG channel (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Coloration of zinc oxide crystals originating from particle plasmons
Authors: Irmscher K. , Albrecht M. , Heimbrodt B. , Naumann M. , Remmele T. , Schulz D. , Schulz T. , Fornari R. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractDepending on growth and annealing conditions ZnO crystals can show a reddish coloration clearly deviating from the normal, colorless transparency. The additional broad nearedge absorption is observed when particles of few nanometer diameter are present in the crystals. Excitation of plasmons in Zn nanoparticles can explain this absorption. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Technical decomposition approach of critical to quality characteristics for Product Design for Six Sigma
Authors: He Yihai , Tang Xiaoqing , Chang Wenbing 
Published: October 2009

AbstractProduct Design for Six Sigma (DFSS) approach is a structural and disciplined methodology driven by critical to quality characteristics (CTQs). How to identify and decompose the CTQs is the kernel part in the DFSS process. Traditional method only depends on the quality function deployment (QFD) matrix to flow down CTQs roughly. The paper puts forward a novel technical approach for CTQs decomposition from customer requirements into critical technical parameters based on the relational tree. Specifically, this approach emphasizes the systematic process and quantitative computation on quality relation weight. In order to specify the object of product DFSS, the connotation and evolution model of CTQs are created first. Then along the product development process, a decomposition measure for relational tree of CTQs is studied based on the functional and physical trees in Axiomatic Design (AD). And the quality relation weight computation of its nodes by means of Rough Set and fuzzy Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) is explored. Finally, an application on a car body noise vibration harshness (NVH) improvement, as an example, is given, and the decomposition process of NVH related with the functional and physical trees as well as its node weights computation algorithm are expounded in detail. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ab initio investigation of water clusters (H2O)n (n = 2–34)
Authors: Qian Ping , Song Wei , Lu Linan , Yang Zhongzhi 
Published: October 2009

AbstractVarious properties of typical structures of water clusters in the n = 2–34 size regime with the change of cluster size have been systematically explored. Full optimizations are carried out for the structures presented in this article at the Hartree–Fock (HF) level using the 6‐31G(d) basis set by taking into account the positions of all atoms within the cluster. The influence of the HF level on the results has been reflected by the comparison between the binding energies of (H2O)n (n = 2–6, 8, 11, 13, 20) calculated at the HF level and those obtained from high‐level ab initio calculations at the second‐order Møller–Plesset (MP2) perturbation theory and the coupled cluster method including singles and doubles with perturbative triples (CCSD(T)) levels. HF is inaccurate when compared with MP2 and CCSD(T), but it is more practical and allows us to study larger systems. The computed properties characterizing water clusters (H2O)n (n = 2–34) include optimal structures, structural parameters, binding energies, hydrogen bonds, charge distributions, dipole moments, and so on. When the cluster size increases, trends of the above various properties have been presented to provide important reference for understanding and describing the nature of the hydrogen bond. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010
Application of Lobatto polynomials in atomic physics
Authors: Romanowski Zbigniew 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe approximation properties of Lobatto polynomials are analyzed and then applied to approximate the atomic Kohn–Sham eigenfunction. In the first part of this article the approximation algorithm based on the Galerkin finite element method is derived. To obtain the approximation of the function, based on the presented algorithm, the linear set of equations must be solved. The matrix of the equation set is very sparse and its elements can be evaluated analytically. In the second part of this article, the algorithm is applied to evaluate adaptive polynomial approximation of selected Kohn–Sham eigenstates of indium (In) atom. The proposed r‐adaptive algorithm evaluates the minimum number of subintervals needed to represent the eigenfunction with required accuracy. Based on the r‐adaptive algorithm, the approximations of 4d, 5s 5p In eigenfunctions were calculated. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010
Focused ion beam irradiation: morphological and chemical evolution in epoxy polymers
Authors: Kochumalayil J. J. , Meiser A. , Soldera F. , Possart W. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis work contributes to the understanding of focused ion beam (FIB) technology for polymers. The conditions of treatment are varied, in particular by etching under ‘dry’ ultra‐high vacuum conditions or in the presence of water vapour. For a glassy epoxy network, the changes in chemistry and morphology are characterised. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis reveals that gallium is always implanted in the epoxy but the content is higher in the case of ‘dry’ FIB milling. According to attenuated total reflection infrared micro‐spectroscopy, new chemical structures form in the surface region of the epoxy during FIB milling with or without water vapour. Scanning electron microscopy and scanning force microscopy were used to image the topography of the etched epoxy surfaces. Quite smooth surfaces result under ‘dry’ etching conditions. In the presence of water vapour, rough surfaces with a sub‐micrometre globular morphology are obtained. This is an indication of the heterogeneous morphology of the epoxy polymer. As compared to ‘dry’ conditions, the introduction of water vapour during FIB milling increases the milling yield significantly. As a result, the FIB treatment changes the chemistry and the structure of the epoxy network not only at the very surface but also in some significant surface layer of the sample. It can be expected that such a modified zone will also form on other cross‐linked polymers. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ontology‐based Grid resource management
Authors: Amarnath Balachandar R. , Somasundaram Thamarai Selvi , Ellappan Mahendran , Buyya Rajkumar 
Published: October 2009

AbstractGrid resources are typically diverse in nature with respect to their software and hardware configurations, resource usage policies and the kind of application they support. Aggregating and monitoring these resources, and discovering suitable resources for the applications become a challenging issue. This is partially due to the representation of Grid metadata supported by the existing Grid middleware which offers limited scope for matching the job requirements that directly affect scheduling decisions. This paper proposes a semantic component in conventional Grid architecture to support ontology‐based representation of Grid metadata and facilitate context‐based information retrieval that complements Grid schedulers for effective resource management. Web Ontology language is used for creating Grid resource ontology and Algernon inference engine has been used for resource discovery. This semantic component has been integrated with conventional Grid schedulers. Several experiments have also been carried out to investigate the performance overhead that arises while integrating this component with Grid schedulers. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Social Ecological Approach to Investigating Relationships Between Housing and Adaptive Functioning for Persons with Serious Mental Illness
Authors: Kloos Bret , Shah Seema 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis paper seeks to advance mental health—housing research regarding which factors of housing and neighborhood environments are critical for adaptive functioning, health, and recovery for persons with serious mental illness (SMI). Housing and neighborhood environments are particularly important for persons with SMI because of the prevalence of poor housing conditions among this population. Most mental health—housing research has been limited by a focus on problems in environments and functioning. The paper seeks to expand the mental health—housing research agenda to consider protective factors that promote community integration and adaptive functioning. We provide an account of how social ecology theory transformed a research program, from examining individual risk factors to investigating the functioning of persons in the contexts of their housing and neighborhood experiences. The resulting housing environment framework—physical aspects of housing and neighborhoods, social environment of neighborhoods, and interpersonal relationships tied to housing—allows for identification of opportunities for health promotion and facilitation of participation in community‐based settings. This program of research draws upon several methods to understand the social experience of persons with SMI living in community settings—survey research, qualitative interviews, Geographic Information Systems, participatory research, and visual ethnography. In this paper, we present how social ecology theory was instrumental in the development of new housing environment measures, the selection of appropriate research methods, and framing research questions that are building a new empirical base of knowledge about promoting adaptive functioning, health, and recovery for persons with SMI living in community settings.
Acute ingestion of resistant starch reduces food intake in healthy adults
Authors: Bodinham Caroline L. , Frost Gary S. , Robertson M. Denise 
Published: October 2009

Resistant starch (RS), a non-viscous dietary fibre, may have postprandial effects on appetite regulation and metabolism, although the exact effects and mechanisms are unknown. An acute randomised, single-blind crossover study, aimed to determine the effects of consumption of 48 g RS on appetite compared to energy and available carbohydrate-matched placebo. Twenty young healthy adult males consumed either 48 g RS or the placebo divided equally between two mixed meals on two separate occasions. Effects on appetite were assessed, using anad libitumtest meal and 24-h diet diaries for energy intake, and using visual analogue scales for subjective measures. Changes to postprandial glucose, insulin and C-peptide were also assessed. There was a significantly lower energy intake following the RS supplement compared to the placebo supplement at both thead libitumtest meal (5241 (sem313)v. 5606 (sem345) kJ,P = 0·033) and over the 24 h (12 603 (sem519)v. 13 949 (sem755) kJ,P = 0·044). However, there was no associated effect on subjective appetite measures. Postprandial plasma glucose concentrations were not significantly different between supplements, but there was a significantly lower postprandial insulin response following the RS supplement (P = 0·029). The corresponding C-peptide concentrations were not significantly different, although the ratio of C-peptide to insulin was higher following the RS supplement compared to placebo (P = 0·059). These results suggest that consumption of 48 g RS, over a 24-h period, may be useful in the management of the metabolic syndrome and appetite. Further studies are required to determine the exact mechanisms.
AN ASSESSMENT OF PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION (SRI) PRACTICES COMPARED WITH RECOMMENDED RICE CULTIVATION PRACTICES IN INDIA
Authors: THAKUR A. K. , UPHOFF NORMAN , ANTONY EDNA 
Published: October 2009

SUMMARYAn evaluation was conducted in eastern India over three years, 2005–2007, to compare the performance of certain System of Rice Intensification (SRI) practices: transplanting single, young (10-day-old) seedlings in a square pattern; no continuous flooding; and use of a mechanical weeder – with those currently endorsed by the Central Rice Research Institute of India, referred to here as recommended management practices (RMP). All plots received the same fertilization, a combination of organic and inorganic nutrients, and the SRI spacing used was 20% less than usually recommended. Accordingly, the results reported here are designated as a modification of SRI recommendations (SRIm). The objective of this research was to understand the benefits in terms of yield and other physiological parameters, if any, from using most if not all recommended SRI practices compared to RMP. These selected SRI practices out-yielded RMP by 42%, with the higher yield associated with various phenotypical alterations, which are reported here. Significant measurable changes were observed in physiological processes and plant characteristics, such as longer panicles, more grains panicle−1 and higher % of grain-filling. The decreased plant density with SRIm management was compensated for by increased per-plant productivity. SRIm hills with single plants were found to have deeper and better-distributed root systems, higher xylem exudation rates, more open plant architecture with more erect and larger leaves, and more tillers than did RMP hills having multiple plants. Due to the reduction in number of hills m−2 in SRIm plots compared to RMP, no significant difference was found in root dry weight or leaf number, tillers or panicle number on an area basis. Nevertheless, in spite of SRIm having fewer hills and fewer tillers per unit area, the leaf area index (LAI) with SRIm practice was greater due to larger leaves. These together with altered plant architecture, contributed to more light interception by SRIm plants. The higher leaf chlorophyll content at ripening stage reflected delayed senescence and the greater fluorescence efficiency (Fv/Fm and ФPS II) associated with SRIm practices contributed to more efficient utilization of light and a higher rate of photosynthesis, which was probably responsible for the observed increase in grain filling and heavier grains compared to RMP plants. The higher photosynthesis rate coupled with lower transpiration in SRIm plants indicated that they were using water more efficiently than did RMP plants. The latter produced 1.6 μ mol CO2 fixed per m mol water transpired, compared to 3.6 μ mol CO2 in SRIm plants.
Palaeogene alluvial–volcaniclastic deposits in the Mesta Basin (SW Bulgaria): depositional setting and basin evolution
Authors: SIEMES ANDREAS , McCANN TOM , FISCHER ANNE 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe Mesta half-graben is one in a series of extensional basins in SW Bulgaria that record the onset of extension within the Rhodope Zone in the Late Eocene. Tectonic activity on a continuous detachment along the eastern margin was a major control on subsidence, accommodation space creation, sediment supply and facies distribution in the basin. The sedimentary architecture was complicated by synsedimentary rotation, the presence of intrabasinal faults and the resulting compartmentalization, as well as synsedimentary volcanic activity. Facies and structural analysis of a key transverse section in the central part of the basin, together with supporting observations from other parts of the basin, indicate a pulsed tectono-sedimentary evolution of the basin with three distinct stages. The first stage (Late Eocene) is a phase of rapid extension with an initial alluvial setting. Basin margin fans and an axial fluvial through-drainage system were the major depositional systems in this stage. The second stage (Early Oligocene) marks the onset of volcanic activity within the Mesta Basin and is characterized by the formation of volcanic centres, an intense phase of explosive volcanism and rapid infilling of the previous basin topography with volcanic material deposited from pyroclastic density currents. The third stage (Late Oligocene) represents waning volcanic activity in a mixed alluvial–volcaniclastic environment. This stage is characterized by alternating alluvial and volcaniclastic depositional cycles, as well as partial reworking of volcanic material.
Polar aspects of the Transglobe Expedition
Authors: Fiennes Ranulph 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe Transglobe Expedition (leader Sir Ranulph Fiennes, Bt.), circumnavigated the world between September 1979 and 1982, keeping as close as possible to the Greenwich meridian. This involved journeys in both polar regions. During the expedition's southern phase (1979–81) two overwintering bases were established in Antarctica and a party of three crossed the icecap on snowmobiles, via the South Pole. During the northern phase (1981–83) two men traversed the Northwest Passage by boat on foot, sledging across Ellesmere Island to the settlement of Alert, where a party of three overwintered. Two then set out over the pack ice, crossing the North Pole and drifting with the floating ice toward Svalbard, to be picked up by the expedition ship.
Reindeer herding as private enterprise in Canada
Authors: Stager J. K. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAfter unsuccessful introductions of reindeer into Canada during the early decades of this century, a herd brought from Alaska in 1935 was maintained successfully under government management (latterly under the Canadian Wildlife Service) for almost 40 years in the Mackenzie Delta region, Northwest Territories. Sold in 1974 into private ownership, the herd has since increased substantially in size; new management techniques have been developed to herd, handle and slaughter the animals. Meat, antlers in velvet and skins are the main products of a small but profitable local industry under native ownership. Currently numbering some 16 000 animals, the herd now justifies new management decisions affecting its future size and the scope of the enterprise.
Profile: Knud Rasmussen, 1879–1933
Authors: Gilberg Rolf 
Published: October 2009

Knud Johan Victor Rasmussen, who died just over 50 years ago on 21 December 1933, is known both for his Arctic exploration and for his interest in Eskimos, especially Greenlanders and their way of life.His parents, Sofie Louise Susanne Fleischer (1842–1917) and Christian Vilhelm Rasmussen (1846–1918), married in 1875 in the small West Greenland town of Ilulissat (Jacobshavn), where Christian was a missionary and head of the local teachers' training college. Sofie's family had settled in Greenland more than a hundred years earlier, and several of her kin gained high positions in the administrative service. Knud, who was born on 7 June 1879, was the first of three children. His Eskimo heritage came from his great-grandmother, who was a native of West Greenland, and an early taste of Eskimo culture passed to him from his maternal grandmother, Iteraluk (1816–99). Knud's Eskimo name was Kunnnguaq. As a boy in Greenland he grew up with his own sled and dog team, learning to drive well. Though he attended school in Denmark from the age of 12, he remembered his Eskimo training; travels with dog sleds were to become an important feature of his expeditions in later years.
Circulation in Antarctic waters as revealed by iceberg tracks 1972–1983
Authors: Tchernia Paul , Jeannin Pierre François 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBetween February 1972 and January 1983, successively using positioning satellites Eole, Nimbus F, Tiros N-Argos, movements of 21 Antarctic icebergs were monitored daily from radio transmissions; 17 of the bergs were followed over periods of 228–828 days through distances of 1600 to 8000 km (2000 to 5000 nautical miles, nm). Mean daily positions, calculated from several observations, were accurate to less than 5.5 km (3 nm) for Eole and Nimbus, 0.9 km (0.5 nm) for Argos. Grouped into three areas (Weddell Sea, Enderby Land to Adelie Land, Ross Sea), the trajectories cover four fifths of the continental periphery. Movements clearly indicate singular points along the boundary between the two circumpolar currents, the East Wind and West Wind drifts, and variations in the strength and direction of flow of these currents; submarine topography and other underlying causes are suggested.
Bowhead Whales and acoustic seismic surveys in the Beaufort Sea
Authors: Reeves Randall R. , Ljungblad Donald K. , Clarke Janet T. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractSeismic survey activities in the western Beaufort Sea, involving ships and sound production, were monitored in autumn 1982 for their possible effects on migrating Bowhead whalesBalaena mysticetus. The study, begun in 1981 by die Minerals Management Service of the US Department of the Interior, covered offshore waters between the Alaskan coast and 72°N. Distribution, behaviour and numbers of whales were recorded, and procedures were established for monitoring and controlling seismic activities in their presence.
Diverting Soviet rivers: some possible repercussions for the Arctic Ocean
Authors: Cattle Howard 
Published: October 2009

AbstractPlans exist in the USSR to divert southward part of the flow of some northern Russian and Siberian rivers, notably the Northern Dvina, Pechora, Ob' and Yenisey, to alleviate water shortages in Central Asia, Kazakhstan and the Ukraine, and counter falling water levels in the Aral and Caspian Seas. Possible effects of diverting small and large amounts of river water away from the Arctic are discussed in the light of recent observations and modelling studies of Arctic basin hydrology and sea ice distribution. Current evidence suggests that small diversions planned to operate before the end of this century will have little effect on ocean circulation or sea ice distribution. Larger-scale diversions planned for the future might affect sea ice formation over the shelf regions of the Kara and Barents Seas, but are unlikely to have a major effect on circulation or sea ice distribution over the Arctic Ocean as a whole.
The United Nations' Study on Antarctica, 1984
Authors: Beck Peter J. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn 1983 the UN Secretary-General was requested by the General Assembly to prepare a ‘Study on the question of Antarctica’ for the 1984 meeting of the Assembly. Published in November 1984, the Study provided a foundation for the UN First Committee's discussions of 28–30 November. These demonstrated, as had the discussions of the previous year, the polarization of views among UN member states for and against the Antarctic Treaty System. The UN resolution that followed the discussions similarly represented little advance on that of 1983, merely postponing any decision for a further year. Meanwhile the considerable amount of information marshalled for the Study may help to spread interest in Antarctic affairs and enhance international understanding.