bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of
In Vivo
HIV Infection in Humanized Mice by Gene Therapy of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells with a Lentiviral Vector Encoding a Broadly Neutralizing Anti-HIV Antibody
Authors: Joseph Aviva , Zheng Jian Hua , Chen Ken , Dutta Monica , Chen Cindy , Stiegler Gabriela , Kunert Renate , Follenzi Antonia , Goldstein Harris 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACT

Due to the inherent immune evasion properties of the HIV envelope, broadly neutralizing HIV-specific antibodies capable of suppressing HIV infection are rarely produced by infected individuals. We examined the feasibility of utilizing genetic engineering to circumvent the restricted capacity of individuals to endogenously produce broadly neutralizing HIV-specific antibodies. We constructed a single lentiviral vector that encoded the heavy and light chains of 2G12, a broadly neutralizing anti-HIV human antibody, and that efficiently transduced and directed primary human B cells to secrete 2G12. To evaluate the capacity of this approach to provide protection from
in vivo
HIV infection, we used the humanized NOD/SCID/γ
c
null
mouse model, which becomes populated with human B cells, T cells, and macrophages after transplantation with human hematopoietic stem cells (hu-HSC) and develops
in vivo
infection after inoculation with HIV. The plasma of the irradiated NOD/SCID/γ
c
null
mice transplanted with hu-HSC transduced with the 2G12-encoding lentivirus contained 2G12 antibody, likely secreted by progeny human lymphoid and/or myeloid cells. After intraperitoneal inoculation with high-titer HIV-1
JR-CSF
, mice engrafted with 2G12-transduced hu-HSC displayed marked inhibition of
in vivo
HIV infection as manifested by a profound 70-fold reduction in plasma HIV RNA levels and an almost 200-fold reduction in HIV-infected human cell numbers in mouse spleens, compared to control hu-HSC-transplanted NOD/SCID/γ
c
null
mice inoculated with equivalent high-titer HIV-1
JR-CSF
. These results support the potential efficacy of this new gene therapy approach of using lentiviral vectors encoding a mixture of broadly neutralizing HIV antibodies for the treatment of HIV infection, particularly infection with multiple-drug-resistant isolates.
Role of Mouse Hepatitis Virus (MHV) Receptor Murine CEACAM1 in the Resistance of Mice to MHV Infection: Studies of Mice with Chimeric mCEACAM1a and mCEACAM1b
Authors: Hirai Asuka , Ohtsuka Nobuhisa , Ikeda Toshio , Taniguchi Rie , Blau Dianna , Nakagaki Keiko , Miura Hideka S. , Ami Yasushi , Yamada Yasuko K. , Itohara Shigeyoshi , Holmes Kathryn V. , Taguchi Fumihiro 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACTAlthough most inbred mouse strains are highly susceptible to mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) infection, the inbred SJL line of mice is highly resistant to its infection. The principal receptor for MHV is murine CEACAM1 (mCEACAM1). Susceptible strains of mice are homozygous for the1aallele ofmCeacam1, while SJL mice are homozygous for the1ballele. mCEACAM1a (1a) has a 10- to 100-fold-higher receptor activity than does mCEACAM1b (1b). To explore the hypothesis that MHV susceptibility is due to the different MHV receptor activities of 1a and 1b, we established a chimeric C57BL/6 mouse (cB61ba) in which a part of the N-terminal immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain of themCeacam1a(1a) gene, which is responsible for MHV receptor function, is replaced by the corresponding region ofmCeacam1b(1b). We compared the MHV susceptibility of these chimeric mice to that of SJL and B6 mice. B6 mice that are homozygous for1aare highly susceptible to MHV-A59 infection, with a 50% lethal dose (LD50) of 102.5PFU, while chimeric cB61bamice and SJL mice homozygous for1baand1b, respectively, survived following inoculation with 105PFU. Unexpectedly, cB61bamice were more resistant to MHV-A59 infection than SJL mice as measured by virus replication in target organs, including liver and brain. No infectious virus or viral RNA was detected in the organs of cB61bamice, while viral RNA and infectious virus were detected in target organs of SJL mice. Furthermore, SJL mice produced antiviral antibodies after MHV-A59 inoculation with 105PFU, but cB61bamice did not. Thus, cB61bamice are apparently completely resistant to MHV-A59 infection, while SJL mice permit low levels of MHV-A59 virus replication during self-limited, asymptomatic infection. When expressed on cultured BHK cells, the mCEACAM1b and mCEACAM1ba proteins had similar levels of MHV-A59 receptor activity. These results strongly support the hypothesis that although alleles of mCEACAM1 are the principal determinants of mouse susceptibility to MHV-A59, other as-yet-unidentified murine genes may also play a role in susceptibility to MHV.
Reliability of job-title based physical work exposures for the upper extremity: comparison to self-reported and observed exposure estimates
Authors: Gardner Bethany T , Lombardi David A , Dale Ann Marie , Franzblau Alfred , Evanoff Bradley A 
Published: April 2010

ObjectivesTo evaluate the agreement between job-title based estimates for upper extremity physical work exposures and exposure estimates from work observation and worker self-report.MethodsSelf-reported exposure questionnaires were completed by 972 workers, and exposure estimates based on worksite observation were completed for a subset of 396 workers. Job-title based estimates were obtained from O*NET, an American database of job demands. Agreement between self-reported, observed and job-title based physical work exposures was assessed using Spearman correlations and intraclass correlation coefficients.ResultsJob-title based exposure estimates from O*NET, self-reported and observer-rated exposures showed moderate to good levels of agreement for some upper extremity exposures, including lifting, forceful grip, use of vibrating tools and wrist bending.ConclusionsJob-title based physical work exposure variables may provide useful surrogate measures of upper extremity exposure data in the absence of other individual level data such as observed or self-reported exposure. Further validation of these data is necessary to determine the utility of the O*NET databases in future epidemiological studies.
DELAYED SUCCESSFUL FREE FIBULA FLAP FOR TREATMENT OF COMPLEX ARM GUNSHOT WOUND — A CASE REPORT
Authors: Guzzetti Tommaso , Thione Alessandro 
Published: April 2010

More than 25% of unintentional gunshot injuries and more than 15% of intentional gunshot injuries involve extremities.In these patients, early acute multidisciplinary treatment is essential and critical to achieve a satisfactory mobility and composite wounds repair.We hereby report a logistic delayed successful treatment of a complex arm gunshot wound with a free fibula flap. The significance of this case report is related to the necessity of emphasising the organised and multidisciplinary approach required to cure these patients in the proper way from a surgical and medical point of view.
UNUSUAL PATTERN OF ESSEX-LOPRESTI INJURY WITH NEGATIVE PLAIN RADIOGRAPHS OF THE WRIST: A CASE REPORT AND LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Rodriguez-Martin Juan , Pretell-Mazzini Juan , Vidal-Bujanda Carlos 
Published: April 2010

The Essex-Lopresti injury consists of a fracture of the radial head, rupture of the interosseous membrane and disruption of the distal radioulnar joint. The greatest challenge with this injury pattern is the diagnosis, because it is frequently missed and the attention usually focused on the elbow joint. In this paper we report an unusual pattern of Essex-Lopresti injury with a radial neck fracture, a tear of the interosseous membrane and a disruption of the distal radioulnar joint in which initial wrist radiographs did not show significative abnormalities. Open reduction and internal fixation for the radial head fracture was performed. Forearm rotation was locked with two Kirschner wires from ulna to radius to allow interosseous membrane to heal. This case is even more difficult to diagnose than classic Essex-Lopresti pattern because of the absence of radius shortening, due to this specific radius fracture pattern, and also the absence of distal radioulnar joint dislocation. When treating a radial head fracture but also a radial neck fracture, interosseous membrane injury should be suspected to avoid misleading in diagnosis.
INTERNAL FIXATION WITH THE LOW PROFILE PLATE SYSTEM COMPARED WITH KIRSCHNER WIRE FIXATION: CLINICAL RESULTS OF TREATMENT FOR METACARPAL AND PHALANGEAL FRACTURES
Authors: Takigami Hidetake , Sakano Hiroaki , Saito Tomoyuki 
Published: April 2010

A total of 71 patients with 78 metacarpal or phalangeal fractures were treated using one of two different methods of fixation. Thirty-nine fingers were treated using a low profile plate and screw system (LPP group), whereas 39 fingers were treated using Kirschner wire (K-wire group). In the LPP group, three cases of screw breakage were recorded. The LPP group required use of a splint for 0.9 weeks, significantly less than the 4.4 weeks of the K-wire group. The mean of 2.6 ± 1.6 months for the time to union in the LPP group was significantly greater than the 1.6 ± 0.6 months in the K-wire group. There were no instances of non-union in both groups, but one delayed union was observed in the LPP group. Total active flexion was 235° and 243° in the LPP and the K-wire groups, respectively. Total extension loss was 12° and 9° in the LPP and the K-wire groups, respectively. Although use of either method resulted in a good range of motion, LPP fixation required a much shorter time with a splint. However, because of the possibility of screw breakage, we have to exercise caution with post-operative treatment.
ON COOPERATIVE GAMES RELATED TO MARKET SITUATIONS AND AUCTIONS
Authors: BRANZEI RODICA , FRAGNELLI VITO , MECA ANA , TIJS STEF 
Published: April 2010

We consider a market situation with two corners. One corner consists of a single seller with one object, and the other corner consists of potential buyers who all want the object. We suppose that the valuations of the object for the different buyers are known by all of them. Then two types of cooperative games, which we call market games and ring games, corresponding to such market situations are considered. Market games are related to special total big boss games, while ring games are related to special convex games, the peer group games. It turns out that there exists a duality relation between the market game and the ring game arising from the same two-corner market situation. For both classes of games relevant solution concepts are studied.
Do Young Children Know What Makes A Picture Useful To Other People?
Authors: Allen Melissa , Bloom Paul , Hodgson Eleanor 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Even babies have an implicit appreciation of the relationship between realistic pictures and the objects that they depict, but a mature understanding of pictures involves an explicit appreciation of how pictures work. Adults appreciate that pictures are public representations that can communicate information to other people, and that some pictures are better at doing this than others. We explore the foundations of this understanding in young children. In three experiments, using yes/no and forced-choice questions, we find that 3- and 4-year olds understand that other people benefit from pictures that contain greater perceptual detail and that the more realistic the picture, the better it is as a symbolic vehicle.
Measuring The Mnemonic Advantage of Counter-intuitive and Counter-schematic Concepts
Authors: Johnson Claire , Kelly Steve , Bishop Paul 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The debate on the value of Boyer's (1994) minimally counter-intuitive (MCI) theory continues to generate considerable theoretical and empirical attention. Although the theory offers an explanation as to why certain cultural texts and narratives are particularly well conveyed and transmitted, amidst society and over time, conflicting evidence remains for any mnemonic advantage of minimally counter-intuitive concepts. In an effort to reconcile these conflicting results, Barrett (2008) has made a comprehensive attempt in presenting a formal system for quantifying counter – intuitiveness including a distinction between counter-intuitive and counter-schematic concepts. The present article uses this system to generate sentences containing different levels of counter-intuitiveness, and tests whether minimally counter-intuitive items show a mnemonic advantage over concepts which are more counter-intuitive or counter-schematic. Results indicate that MCI concepts hold a mnemonic advantage over counter-schematic and maximally counter-intuitive concepts but only for one-week delayed recall. Interference effects may have masked immediate recall effects. Yes-no recognition after one week delay showed almost 100% accuracy suggesting that availability of retrieval cues is the factor which determines the mnemonic advantage of MCI concepts.
Cognitive Architecture, Humor and Counterintuitiveness: Retention and Recall of MCIs
Authors: Purzycki Benjamin Grant 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe recent surge of interest in the cognitive science of religion has resulted in a number of studies regarding the memorability of minimally counterintuitive ideas (MCIs). The present model incorporates ontological templates and their respective inferences, as well as delineates between two major types of violations: schema- and template-level violations. As humor is also defined by its counter-intutiveness at the schema level, this study was designed to find effects this emotion has on retention. Results suggest that humorous statements with parallel violations are recalled significantly better than statements which have only template-level violations, affective statements with only schema-level violations, as well as intuitive statements in both immediate and 1-week follow-up sessions.
Wind Effects on Past and Future Regional Sea Level Trends in the Southern Indo-Pacific*
Authors: Timmermann Axel , McGregor Shayne , Jin Fei-Fei 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Global sea level rise due to the thermal expansion of the warming oceans and freshwater input from melting glaciers and ice sheets is threatening to inundate low-lying islands and coastlines worldwide. At present the global mean sea level rises at 3.1 ± 0.7 mm yr−1 with an accelerating tendency. However, the magnitude of recent decadal sea level trends varies greatly spatially, attaining values of up to 10 mm yr−1 in some areas of the western tropical Pacific. Identifying the causes of recent regional sea level trends and understanding the patterns of future projected sea level change is of crucial importance. Using a wind-forced simplified dynamical ocean model, the study shows that the regional features of recent decadal and multidecadal sea level trends in the tropical Indo-Pacific can be attributed to changes in the prevailing wind regimes. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that within an ensemble of 10 state-of-the-art coupled general circulation models, forced by increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations over the next century, wind-induced redistributions of upper-ocean water play a key role in establishing the spatial characteristics of projected regional sea level rise. Wind-related changes in near-surface mass and heat convergence near the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Kiribati, the Cook Islands, and French Polynesia oppose—but cannot cancel—the regional signal of global mean sea level rise.
Adjusting Satellite Precipitation Data to Facilitate Hydrologic Modeling
Authors: Tobin Kenneth J. , Bennett Marvin E. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Significant concern has been expressed regarding the ability of satellite-based precipitation products such as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) 3B42 products (version 6) and the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Prediction Center’s (CPC) morphing technique (CMORPH) to accurately capture rainfall values over land. Problems exist in terms of bias, false-alarm rate (FAR), and probability of detection (POD), which vary greatly worldwide and over the conterminous United States (CONUS). This paper directly addresses these concerns by developing a methodology that adjusts existing TMPA products utilizing ground-based precipitation data. The approach is not a simple bias adjustment but a three-step process that transforms a satellite precipitation product. Ground-based precipitation is used to develop a filter eliminating FAR in the authors’ adjusted product. The probability distribution function (PDF) of the satellite-based product is adjusted to the PDF of the ground-based product, minimizing bias. Failure of precipitation detection (POD) is addressed by utilizing a ground-based product during these periods in their adjusted product. This methodology has been successfully applied in the hydrological modeling of the San Pedro basin in Arizona for a 3-yr time series, yielding excellent streamflow simulations at a daily time scale. The approach can be applied to any satellite precipitation product (i.e., TRMM 3B42 version 7) and will provide a useful approach to quantifying precipitation in regions with limited ground-based precipitation monitoring.
The development and feasibility of a ward-based physiotherapy and nutritional rehabilitation package for people experiencing critical illness
Authors: Salisbury LG , Merriweather JL , Walsh TS 
Published: April 2010

Objective: To investigate ward-based rehabilitation after critical illness and undertake a pilot study exploring the feasibility of delivering enhanced physiotherapy and nutritional rehabilitation. Design: Service evaluation (part A) and pilot feasibility randomized controlled trial (part B). Setting: Hospital inpatient wards following discharge from intensive care. Participants: Part A involved 24 people with an intensive care stay of four days or more. Part B involved 16 participants randomized into a control (n = 8) or intervention (n = 8) group. Interventions: Part A defined the current ‘standard’ physiotherapy and nutritional interventions. In part B the control group received this ‘standard’ service while the intervention group received this ‘standard’ service plus enhanced rehabilitation. Main measures: Part A collected process outcomes of current interventions and outcomes that included calorie and protein intake and the Rivermead Mobility Index. In part B process outcomes determined differences between groups. Outcomes included those undertaken in part A plus an incremental shuttle test, handgrip dynamometry and visual analogue scales. Results: Part A found low levels of ward-based physiotherapy (walking and transfer practice once per week) and dietetic input (0.8 visits per week). Part B found an increased frequency of both physiotherapy (P = 0.002) and dietetic (P = 0.001) visits in the intervention group. Physical and nutritional outcomes were suitable for use after critical illness, but no statistically significant differences were found between groups. Power calculations indicated 100 participants per group would be required for a definitive study. Conclusions: This feasibility pilot work has informed the design of a larger study to evaluate enhanced rehabilitation following critical illness.
Balance outcomes after additional sit-to-stand training in subjects with stroke: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Tung Fu-Ling , Yang Yea-Ru , Lee Chao-Chung , Wang Ray-Yau 
Published: April 2010

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of sit-to-stand training in individuals with stroke. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Rehabilitation medical centre. Participants: Thirty-two subjects with stroke were randomly assigned to the control and experimental groups (n = 16 for each group). Interventions: Subjects in both groups received 30 minutes of general physical therapy three times a week for four weeks. Subjects in the experimental group received additional sit-to-stand training for 15 minutes each time. The total amount of therapy received was 45 minutes in the experimental group and 30 minutes in the control group each time. Main outcome measures: The weight-bearing distribution during quiet standing, the directional control and maximal excursion during limits of stability test, the scores of Berg Balance Scale and the extensor muscle strength of lower extremity were assessed before and after completing the 12 treatment sessions. Results: Our data showed significant improvements in directional control anteriorly in the experimental group (from 47.4 (36.6)% to 62.6 (26.1)%) compared with the control group (from 68.7 (16.7)% to 62.8 (29.7)%) (P = 0.028). A significant improvement in affected hip extensor strength was noted in the experimental group (from 19.3 (9.8)% to 22.6 (8.4)%) compared with the control group (from 24.4 (9.0)% to 22.8 (7.2)%) (P = 0.006). Significant improvements were noted only in the experimental group after treatment, including bilateral extensors, except the affected plantar flexors, the weight distribution in standing, the maximal excursion (Panterior = 0.049; Paffected = 0.023) and the directional control (Paffected = 0.013; Pnon-affected = 0.025). Conclusions: Additional sit-to-stand training is encouraged due to effects on dynamic balance and extensor muscles strength in subjects with stroke.
Impingement Pressure in the Anatomical and Nonanatomical Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Iriuchishima Takanori , Tajima Goro , Ingham Sheila Jean McNeill , Shen Wei , Smolinski Patrick , Fu Freddie H. 
Published: April 2010

Background: Although the literature has extensively discussed impingement after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, the definition of impingement is vague, and impingement pressure has not been well investigated as a function of tunnel position. Purpose: To determine the amount of impingement pressure between the ACL and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) and between the ACL and notch roof in the native ACL, the single-bundle ACL reconstruction with different tunnel placements, and the anatomical double-bundle ACL reconstruction. Study design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Fifteen fresh-frozen nonpaired human cadaver knees were used. In each knee, different femoral and tibial tunnels were created, which allowed different graft placements. A single graft was placed in 3 positions: tibial anteromedial (AM) to femoral AM (anatomical), tibial posterolateral (PL) to femoral high AM (nonanatomical/mismatch), and tibial AM to femoral high AM. Double grafts were placed in an anatomical fashion (AM to AM and PL to PL). In each case, pressure-measuring films were inserted between the ACL and roof, the ACL and PCL, and the AM and PL bundles (for double-bundle group only). Knees were then moved with 40 N of force and from full flexion to full extension, and the pressure pattern on the film was analyzed. Results: Compared with other groups, only the AM–high AM group showed significantly higher roof impingement pressure ( P < .05). There was no significant difference in PCL impingement pressure between the intact ACL group and any of the reconstructed groups. No impingement pressure was observed between the grafts in the anatomical double-bundle ACL reconstruction. Conclusion: This study evaluated the effect of different tunnel placements on the impingement pressure after ACL reconstruction. Anatomical single- or double-bundle ACL reconstruction and nonanatomical tibial PL–femoral high AM ACL reconstruction do not cause roof, PCL, and interbundle impingement. Clinical relevance: Surgeons can perform the anatomical double-bundle ACL, anatomical single-bundle, and nonanatomical tibial PL–femoral high AM reconstructions as impingement-free reconstructions.