bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Innerstädtische Schulen als Kontaktzonen und Orte transkultureller Begegnungen
Authors: Wulf Christoph 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Globalization, Europeanization and migration are changing the character of big cities and their schools. Schools become contact zones for children and young people with different cultural backgrounds. In the subsequent cultural encounters, learning to cope with cultural diversity will be a central task of education in schools. In a school culture shaped by work, talk, games, and festivities, rituals play a central role in successful learning and forming companionships. In this process, mimetic and performative styles of learning gain particular importance for the development of transcultural education.
The Global Icon of the Indian IT-Professional. Contact Zones in the Age of New Media, Globalisation and World Society
Authors: Clemens Iris 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
It is argued that the image of the Indian IT-Professional opens up a contact zone throughout the whole world and that it is a striking example for the structure and implications of a contact zone in the age of new media and world society. Based on the theoretical assumptions of world society (Luhmann, Stichweh), the emergence of the Indian IT-Professional as a national hero and transnational, worldwide icon of globalisation will be analysed through an indigenous perspective focussing on the Indian context itself and from a 'Western′ standpoint including observations from Germany and the U.S. The case of the contact zone established through the Indian IT-Professional shows that more than ever before in the globalised world society contact zones are established without the necessity for humans who participate in one of the involved different meaning systems to actually meet in the 'real′ world and yet that they react remarkably emotionally.
‘Był człowiekiem czerwonych przekonań’, ‘na volitvah so zmagali zeleni’: Colour Metaphors and Symbols
Authors: Hill Peter M. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
This paper examines the metaphorical use of colour terms (CTs), with a special focus on the Slavonic languages. The metaphorical use of CTs is derived from their literal sense. Basic CTs are the most likely to occur in metaphorical use.
In Sl folklore, RED is the colour par excellence, opposed to BLACK and WHITE. RED had both positive and negative associations. WHITE and BLACK relate to such oppositions as good – bad, happy – unhappy, healthy – sickly, hardworking – lazy. GREY designates gloom, both literally and figuratively, while YELLOW often symbolizes betrayal and cowardice. In many languages GREEN means ‘inexperienced’, but also ‘spritely’. Anger is associated with different colours, while envy is imagined as causing a person to go blue or green. Bachilinia considers Ru goluboj to have positive connotations but sinij to be neutral. Many metaphorical or phraseological uses of CTs are internationalisms. In many cultures and in many countries, CTs have been used to denote points of the compass.
Buchbesprechung
Authors: Ławrinienko Alewtina , Bilut-Homplewicz Zofia 
Published: January 2011

Zusammenfassung

Pamjat i tekst: Kognitivnye i kul′turologičeskie aspekty; Memory and Text: Cognitive and Cultural Aspects. Hrsg. von Teresa Dobrzýnska und Raja T. Kunčeva. Sofia: Bojan Penev, 2005. 282 S. ISBN 954-8742-37-7
Relationships between inherited crustal structures and seismicity in the western Alps inferred from 3D structural modeling
Authors: Sue Christian , Calcagno Philippe , Courrioux Gabriel , Tricart Pierre , Frechet Julien , Thouvenot François 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
We developed a 3-D structural model of a key area in the southwestern Alps, at the boundary between the external and internal zones. Six geological bodies are analyzed: internal and external basements, Briançonnais and Piemontais zones (internal sedimentary cover nappes), exotic flyschs, and external sedimentary cover. 3D volumes of each geological body are modeled using the structural map of the area projected on the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and 5 cross-sections. The global model is interpolated from the map, DEM, and cross sections, using the potential field method, and represented by a Voronoï diagram. The final 3D-model is used as a structural frame to plot the earthquakes of the GéoFrance3D database, allowing to precisely and quantitatively investigate the relationships between crustal structures and current seismic activity of the belt. The boundary between external and internal zones corresponds to the so-called Crustal Penninic Thrust (CPT), which is a former Oligocene major thrust. Our model establishes that this former thrust represents the western limit of the seismic activity along the Briançonnais seismic arc, currently undergoing extensional tectonics.
Land and sea study of the northeastern golfe du Lion rifted margin: the Oligocene – Miocene of southern Provence (Nerthe area, SE France)
Authors: Oudet Julien , Münch* Philippe , Borgomano Jean , Quillevere Frédéric , Melinte-Dobrinescu Mihaela C. , Demory François , Viseur Sophie , Cornee Jean-Jacques 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
In the western Mediterranean Sea, the Liguro-Provençal Basin (LPB) is a key area for studying passive margins because of its recent formation and abundance of onshore and offshore data. The Nerthe area located in the northern margin of LPB provides the unique continuous Oligo-Miocene deposits contemporaneous of the transition rifting to drifting. However, the age of the deposits remains debated and the link between outcrops and offshore seismic data is poorly constrained. The purpose of this paper is double. First, we intend to propose a new chronostratigraphic frame based on bio- (planktonic foraminifera, calcareous nannofossils) and magneto-stratigraphy. Second, we aim to make, through the integration of new highly time-resolved seismic data and field works, a coherent onshore-offshore link concretized by a 3D geological model. The new temporal and spatial data presented in this paper allow correlating the Oligo-Miocene sequences, defining their geometry and specifying precisely the timing of syn- and post-rift stages. The first marine transgression is now precisely dated latest Chattian within the syn-rift deposits and appears to be synchronous with the first marine deposits in the offshore wells and other marginal basins. The transition from syn-rift to post-rift appears to last 3.3 Ma at maximum, between 21.8 and 18.5 Ma (late Aquitanian to early Burdigalian). It is underlined by two major erosional unconformities bearing a hiatus of around 1 Ma. The post-rift started with a major marine transgression that is now dated from middle Burdigalian, at around 18.5 Ma, as elsewhere in the LPB. Contrarily to recent proposals, the post-rift deposits are widely represented on the northeastern margin of the “Golfe du Lion”. There, the subsidence of the margin was low during the syn-rift and the transitional periods and high during the post-rift. The onset of this high post-rift subsidence appears to be synchronous with the slowdown of the Corsica-Sardinia block (CSb) motion.
Stratégies de validation du discours scientifique : Analyse diachronique du rôle de la section Discussion dans l’article de recherche
Authors: Magnet Anne 
Published: January 2011

Cet article montre comment la recherche en anglais scientifique, à partir de l'étude d'un corpus constitué en diachronie, sur un thème scientifique de biologie (les acides gras essentiels), peut permettre de mettre en évidence le fonctionnement d’une communauté de chercheurs. Il se concentre sur les stratégies de validation du fait scientifique telles qu’elles sont mises en œuvre dans la discussion de l’article de recherche. Cette étude, qui s’appuie sur le corps d’hypothèses élaboré par J. Martin (1996), offre une analyse appliquée du mode de raccordement au macrotexte disciplinaire des résultats de l’expérience par la section Discussion.
Study of impaired glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular risk in a south Indian population
Authors: Martha S , Ramreddy S , Pantam N 
Published: January 2011

Background:
In developing countries, obesity is the most prevalent metabolic disease and leads to an important cardiovascular and global mortality rate, either directly or indirectly through cardiovascular risk factors.

Aim:
We sought to study the prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome (MS), and cardiovascular risk (CVR) in a south Indian population.

Setting and Design:
A cross-sectional, single-center observational study in a cohort of 96 healthy male subjects.

Materials and Methods:
Age, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), total lipid profiles, fating plasma glucose (FPG), post lunch plasma glucose (PLPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), creatinine and insulin were measured by standard methods.

Statistical Analysis:
Student's t-test and Chi-square test were used to determine differences between mean and frequency values of continuous and categorical variables. Results: Significant differences were observed in the means of BMI (28.89 kg/m2) (P<0.0001), FPG (102.41 mg/dL) (P<0.0001), insulin (18.1 μU/L) (P<0.0001), PLPG (149.05 mg/dL) (P<0.0001), diastolic BP (84.41 mmHg) (P<0.01), total cholesterol (166.72 mg/dL) (P<0.001), low-density lipoprotein (90.65 mg/dL) (P<0.0001) in overweight subjects when compared to normal subjects. The prevalence of dyslipidemia, IGT, MS and CVR was significantly higher in younger (<45years) than middle-aged (46-55years) subjects.

Conclusions:
The condition of being overweight, expressed as BMI, appears to be a good indicator of risk for IGT, MS, and CVR, particularly in young non-obese subjects (BMI<30).
The obstetric outcome following treatment in a cohort of patients with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome in a tertiary care center
Authors: Dadhwal V , Sharma AK , Deka D , Gupta B , Mittal S 
Published: January 2011

Background:
Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APAS) is regarded as the most frequently acquired risk factor for thrombophilia. The obstetric manifestations of APAS include early or late pregnancy losses and complications like preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction. Its timely diagnosis and treatment can improve maternal and neonatal outcome.

Aims:
To study the pregnancy outcome of patients with APAS treated with heparin and aspirin.

Settings and Design:
This was a retrospective study of pregnancy outcome in 42 consecutive women with APAS, treated with heparin and aspirin.

Materials and Methods:
The case records of 42 diagnosed cases of APAS with pregnancy, over a 3-year period, were studied. The pregnancy outcome in this group was compared before and after treatment with heparin and low-dose aspirin in terms of abortions, intrauterine deaths and live birth rate. The outcome of the present pregnancy in terms of fetal and maternal complications was analyzed.

Results:
The mean age and average parity of women with APAS were 30.1±4.1 years and 3.2±1.2, respectively. Among the treated patients of APAS, 13 (30.9%) had preeclampsia and 9 (21.4%) had intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). There were 2 (4.7%) intrauterine deaths, 4 (9.5%) missed abortions and 3 (7.1%) abruptio placentae. Women with APAS had a live birth rate of 4.6% before treatment and 85.7% in the index pregnancy after treatment.

Conclusion:
Treatment of pregnant women with APAS results in marked improvement in the live birth rate (4.6-85.7%). However, complications like preeclampsia and IUGR occur even after treatment, requiring strict monitoring and timely delivery.
Experimental determination of distance and orientation of metallic nanodimers by polarization dependent plasmon coupling
Authors: Grecco H. E. , Martínez O. E. 
Published: January 2011

Live cell imaging using metallic nanoparticles as tags is an emerging technique to visualize long and highly dynamic processes due to the lack of photobleaching and high photon rate. However, the lack of excited states as compared to fluorescent dyes prevents the use of resonance energy transfer and recently developed super resolution methods to measure distances between objects closer that the resolution limit. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate a technique to determine subdiffraction distances based on the near field coupling of metallic nanoparticles. Due to the symmetry breaking in the scattering cross section, not only distances but also relative orientations can be measured. Gold nanoparticles were prepared on glass in such way that a small fraction of dimers was present. The sample was sequentially illuminated with two wavelengths to separate background from nanoparticle scattering based on their spectral properties. A novel total internal reflection illumination scheme in which the polarization can be rotated was used to further minimize background contributions. In this way, radii, distance and orientation were measured for each individual dimer and their statistical distributions were found to be in agreement with the expected ones. We envision that this technique will allow fast and long term tracking of relative distance and orientation in biological processes.Received: 22 April 2010, Accepted: 2 December 2010; Edited by: V. Lakshminarayanan; Reviewed by: S. Roy, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Agra, India; DOI: 10.4279/PIP.020010
Understanding the Experience of Noninclusive Occupational Therapy Clinics: Lesbians’ Perspectives
Authors: Jackson Jeanne 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
This article presents understandings about how noninclusive occupational therapy environments are developed and maintained. The data are drawn from a study that, in part, explored the experiences of lesbian or bisexual occupational therapists working in a health care system. Ten participants each engaged in two to five in-depth audiotaped interviews. The narrative data were analyzed with a modified form of grounded theory. The data provide insight into how heterosexist occupational therapy work climates are created and maintained through four processes: heterosexual discourse, homophobic comments, assumed heterosexuality, and perceived stereotypes. The way in which heterosexist occupational therapy work climates may impede the professional growth of therapists also is presented. The knowledge gained from this study can help practitioners, professors, and students in their attempts to sustain an inclusive environment with respect to persons who are lesbian, gay, and bisexual.
Parental Hopes for Therapy Outcomes: Children With Sensory Modulation Disorders
Authors: Cohn Ellen , Miller Lucy Jane , Tickle-Degnen Linda 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Objective. Understanding parents’ hopes for therapy outcomes is essential to family-centered care. This qualitative study explored parents’ points of view regarding their hopes for the outcomes of occupational therapy using a sensory integration treatment approach.
Method. Data were collected as part of a larger research project on the effectiveness of rehabilitating children who have sensory modulation disorders. Five interviews were randomly selected from 17 parent interviews conducted in the larger study. Data were analyzed using grounded theory methods.
Findings. Three themes pertinent to the occupations of children and two themes related to the occupations of parenting and sustaining family life emerged. Child-focused outcomes include social participation, self-regulation, and perceived competence. Parent-focused outcomes include learning strategies to support children and obtaining personal validation.
Discussion. Interventions are proposed that relate to children’s participation in contexts in which they live, learn, and play, as well as the support of parents in the occupations of parenting.
Grip Form and Graphomotor Control in Preschool Children
Authors: Burton Allen W. , Dancisak Michael J. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Objective. The purpose of this study was to examine the utility of the grip scale presented by Schneck and Henderson, the effect of grip form on drawing accuracy, and the effect of implement diameter on grip form and drawing accuracy.
Method. Sixty boys and girls who were 3, 4, and 5 years of age performed 20 trials of a precision drawing task, 4 trials each with five implements of varying diameters (4.7, 7.9, 11.1, 14.3, and 17.5 mm).
Results. First, all 1,200 grips could be coded according to Schneck and Henderson’s 10-grip whole-configuration assessment system, but the interrater reliability was lower than expected (.67 proportion of perfect agreement). Second, using Schneck’s five-level scoring system, the level of grip significantly affected drawing accuracy, with the highest grip level used most often with the highest accuracy scores and the lowest observed grip level used most often with the lowest accuracy scores. Third, increasing implement diameter led to significantly lower level grips but did not significantly affect accuracy.
Conclusions. Therapists are recommended to use Schneck and Henderson’s 10-grip scale only for documenting the persons’ grips and changes in their grips, but if comparisons between individual persons are desired, then Schneck’s five-level scale, which affords greater generalizability, should be used. Further, children with graphomotor performance deficits are not likely to benefit from grip manipulations because such strategies were shown to make better only performance that is already good.
Occupational Therapy Benchmarks Within Orthopedic (Hip) Critical Pathways
Authors: Novalis Sharon D. , Messenger Michele Fricke , Morris Lee 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Objective. This study examined patient performance benchmarks for occupational therapy within orthopedic (hip) critical pathways.
Method. Eight orthopedic (hip) critical pathways gathered from occupational therapy practitioners working in hospital and rehabilitation settings were examined to determine commonalities and differences of occupational therapy benchmarks, disciplines involved, and identified allowable variances. A comparison and contrast matrix was developed to provide a visual means of reviewing the data.
Results. Nursing, physical therapy, and occupational therapy were disciplines consistently involved in the pathways. Activities of daily living related to self-care were the most consistently used occupational therapy benchmark within the sample pathways, and functional transfers were the second most-used benchmark. The remaining occupational therapy benchmarks varied, and little commonality was found in their use. Frequency of use also varied among the eight pathways. Five of eight pathways specifically coded variances, with the remaining three providing space for explanation of the variance.
Conclusion. Although these eight orthopedic (hip) critical pathways included occupational therapy benchmarks, further development and definition of the role of occupational therapy within subsequent orthopedic (hip) critical pathways is needed.
Effects of Body Mechanics Training on Performance of Repetitive Lifting
Authors: Lieber Susan J. , Rudy Thomas E. , Boston J. Robert 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Objective. To measure the efficacy of body mechanics instruction (BMI) in patients with low back pain.
Method. The effect of BMI was measured in four participants with back injuries using a standardized lifting protocol. Static strength, weight lifted, number of lifts completed, and motion analysis data to describe the body mechanics were measured before and after work hardening to evaluate treatment effects. The participants’ performances were compared with 52 controls from an earlier study.
Results. Starting postures, characterized by degrees of hip and knee flexion, varied by participant but favored a squat lift in three participants when compared with the controls. Dynamic motion synchrony of the hip and knee joints was similar to controls in three of the four participants. Posttest data revealed significant changes in static strength, dynamic endurance, and lifting speed.
Conclusion. Intensive instruction in body mechanics provided during the work-hardening treatment produced major changes in lifting styles, in terms of both starting postures and dynamic aspects of repetitive lifting. The computerized measurement procedures used in this study permitted more careful and detailed analyses of body mechanics, particularly dynamic aspects, than is possible with observational methods. This study demonstrated some of the inherent intricacies in isodynamic lifting and suggests additional areas of performance that may be important to address in BMI.
From Hand Twister to Mind Twister: Computer-Aided Treatment in Traumatic Wrist Fracture
Authors: Jarus Tal , Shavit Shula , Ratzon Navah 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Objective. The use of computers as a treatment modality in the occupational therapy hand clinic is, as yet, not common practice. A computer interface for wrist movements was developed, and a study to justify the application of such a device is presented.
Method. Forty-seven patients in a day hand clinic who had traumatic fracture of one hand with limitation of wrist mobility participated in the study. Participants were divided into two treatment groups: computer-aided treatment (high technology) and traditional brush machine treatment (low technology). A device was developed based on the brush machine in which the brush machine’s mechanism was converted into a medial–lateral joystick. Right-to-left movements were digitally transformed for the use of a computer game. Participants were treated for 5 weeks, and outcome measures included range of motion (ROM), grip strength, edema, and level of interest.
Results. Results showed significant improvement in ROM, grip strength, and edema across 5 weeks for all participants. Although no significant differences were found between the two groups in ROM, grip strength, and edema, the computer-aided group showed significantly more interest in treatment than did the brush machine group. Finally, the interaction between treatment group and the attitude toward computers was not significant.
Conclusions. These results indicate the potential for more interesting motor treatment and rehabilitation of the wrist through the use of computer games. The efficacy of using computers in occupational therapy clinics needs further investigation.
Daily Life for Eight Urban Gay Men With HIV/AIDS
Authors: Bedell Gary 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Objective. The purpose of this qualitative research study was to gain an understanding of the daily life experiences of eight gay men with HIV/AIDS living alone in New York City.
Method. The participants ranged in age from 25 to 50 years. Data were primarily collected using in-depth personal interviews in 1996 followed by telephone interviews 1 year later. Constant-comparison and thematic analyses were used to identify themes and subthemes.
Results. Two broad themes with related subthemes were generated from the data. “A Reasonably Stable Base” represented the emotional, physical, and environmental foundation that preexisted or was created as a consequence of living with HIV/AIDS. This theme played a particularly important role in the participants’ lives, especially during periods of emotional and physical instability. “Finding and Maintaining Balance” was a second theme that illustrated strategies used for managing and readjusting daily routines, goals, and priorities, as well as how the participants experienced this readjustment process.
Conclusions. All of the participants developed their own daily living strategies that were comparable to intervention methods provided in occupational therapy such as energy conservation and work simplification. The findings suggest that occupational therapy practitioners could potentially assist urban gay men with HIV/AIDS with finding and maintaining stability and balance in their daily lives.