bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anonymous communication in overlay networks
Authors: Ren Jian , Li Yun , Jiang Tingting , Li Tongtong 
Published: April 2012

AbstractCommunication anonymity is becoming an increasingly important, or even indispensable, security requirement for many applications. The existing research in anonymous communications can largely be divided into two categories: mix‐based systems and secure multiparty computation‐based systems, originating from mixnet and DC‐net, respectively. However, they either cannot provide provable anonymity or suffer from transmission collision problem. In this paper, we first propose a novel unconditionally secure source anonymous message authentication code that can be applied to any messages without relying on any trusted third parties. While ensuring message sender anonymity, secure source anonymous message authentication code can also provide message content authenticity. We then propose a novel communication protocol that can hide the senders and the recipients from each other and thus can be used for secure file sharing. The security analysis demonstrates that the proposed protocol is secure against various attacks. Our analysis also shows that it is efficient and practical. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microfluidic Encapsulation of Cells in Polymer Microgels
Authors: Velasco Diego , Tumarkin Ethan , Kumacheva Eugenia 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn this Concept article, recent advances in microfluidic platforms for the generation of cell‐laden hydrogel particles (microgels) are reported. Advances in the continuous microfluidic encapsulation of cells in droplets and microgels are critically reviewed, and currently used methods for the encapsulation of cells in polymer microgels are discussed. An outlook on current applications and future directions in this field of research are also presented. This article will be of interest to chemists, materials scientists, cell biologists, bioengineers, and pharmacologists.
Developmental pathways linking externalizing symptoms, internalizing symptoms, and academic competence to adolescent substance use
Authors: Englund Michelle M. , Siebenbruner Jessica 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTThis study extends previous research investigating the developmental pathways predicting adolescent alcohol and marijuana use by examining the cascading effects of externalizing and internalizing symptoms and academic competence in the prediction of use and level of use of these substances in adolescence. Participants (N = 191) were drawn from a longitudinal study of first‐born children of low‐income mothers. Using data from ages 7, 9, 12, and 16 years, a series of nested two‐part (semi‐continuous) path models from a developmental cascade modeling framework were compared. Controlling for gender, SES, mother’s age at child’s birth, and minority status, we found (a) within‐domain rank‐order stability across time, (b) significant cross‐domain effects over time, (c) higher externalizing symptoms significantly predicted use of alcohol and marijuana as well as higher levels of use in adolescence, and (d) higher levels of academic competence significantly added to the prediction of use of alcohol.
Popularity of Brand Posts on Brand Fan Pages: An Investigation of the Effects of Social Media Marketing
Authors: de Vries Lisette , Gensler Sonja , Leeflang Peter S.H. 
Published: April 2012

Social media outlets constitute excellent vehicles for fostering relationships with customers. One specific way to do this is to create brand fan pages on social networking sites. Companies can place brand posts (containing videos, messages, quizzes, information, and other material) on these brand fan pages. Customers can become fans of these brand fan pages, and subsequently indicate that they like the brand post or comment on it. This liking and commenting on brand posts reflects brand post popularity. In this article, we determine possible drivers for brand post popularity. We analyze 355 brand posts from 11 international brands spread across six product categories. Results show that positioning the brand post on top of the brand fan page enhances brand post popularity. But the findings also indicate that different drivers influence the number of likes and the number of comments. Namely, vivid and interactive brand post characteristics enhance the number of likes. Moreover, the share of positive comments on a brand post is positively related to the number of likes. The number of comments can be enhanced by the interactive brand post characteristic, a question. The shares of both positive and negative comments are positively related to the number of comments. Managers of brands that operate brand fan pages can be guided by our research with regards to deciding which characteristics or content to place at brand posts.
Early Holocene deglaciation of northern Hudson Bay and Foxe Channel constrained by new radiocarbon ages and marine reservoir correction
Authors: Ross Martin , Utting Daniel J. , Lajeunesse Patrick , Kosar Kevin G.A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractRadiocarbon ages from Southampton Island (Canada) provide new chronological control on the deglaciation of Foxe Channel and northern Hudson Bay, a strategic area for understanding the demise of a marine-based portion of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. A regional marine reservoir age of 630 ± 45 yr and a reservoir offset (ΔR) of 263 ± 48 yr were calculated from two early to mid-Holocene terrestrial/marine radiocarbon age pairs. These values are consistent with corrections based on early 20th century mollusks suggesting that following deglaciation the oceanic conditions controlling the regional reservoir effect rapidly became similar to those of modern times. However, our ΔR value is 352 ± 52 yr less than another correction from eastern Foxe Basin, which may be affected by 14 C dilution from carbonate rocks. Our ΔR value is used to calibrate new marine radiocarbon ages which help further develop the deglaciation history of Southampton Island, especially along the north coast where deglaciation of Foxe Channel appears to have been completed by 8100–7800 cal yr BP (2σ). This provides key chronological constraints on the development of a long marine ice margin in southern Foxe Basin prior to the final breakup of the Foxe ice dome.
Planet-Induced Emission Enhancements in HD 179949: Results from McDonald Observations
Authors: Gurdemir L. , Redfield S. , Cuntz M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe monitored the CaiiH and K lines of HD 179949, a notable star in the southern hemisphere, to observe and confirm previously identified planet induced emission (PIE) as an effect of star–planet interaction. We obtained high resolution spectra (R∼ 53 000) with a signal-to-noise ratio S/N ≳ 50 in the CaiiH and K cores during 10 nights of observation at the McDonald Observatory. Wide-band echelle spectra were taken using the 2.7-m telescope. Detailed statistical analysis of CaiiK revealed fluctuations in the Ca II K core attributable to planet induced chromospheric emission. This result is consistent with previous studies by Shkolnik et al. (2003). Additionally, we were able to confirm the reality and temporal evolution of the phase shift of the maximum of star–planet interaction previously found. However, no identifiable fluctuations were detected in the CaiiH core. The Aliλ3944 Å line was also monitored to gauge if the expected activity enhancements are confined to the chromospheric layer. Our observations revealed some variability, which is apparently unassociated with planet-induced activity.
Dicer‐1 is a key enzyme in the regulation of oogenesis in panoistic ovaries
Authors: Donato Tanaka Erica , Piulachs Maria‐Dolors 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackground informationIn insects, the action of microRNAs (miRNAs) on oogenesis has been explored only in dipterans, which possess meroistic ovaries, a highly modified ovarian type. Here we study miRNA function in the most primitive, panoistic type of ovaries using the phylogenetically basal insect Blattella germanica (Dictyoptera, Blattellidae) as model.ResultsDicer‐1 (Dcr1), a key enzyme in miRNA biogenesis, was depleted using RNAi. Females treated with double‐stranded RNA targeting Dicer‐1, exhibited deep alterations in oocyte development; among them, the follicular epithelia of the basal oocytes did not develop, thus resulting in sterile females.ConclusionsThese effects derived from the absence of Dicer‐1 suggest that miRNAs are crucial for the regulation of oogenesis in panoistic ovaries, the most primitive insect ovarian type.
ROCK1 and ROCK2 regulate epithelial polarisation and geometric cell shape
Authors: Kalaji Ruba , Wheeler Ann P. , Erasmus Jennifer C. , Lee Sang Y. , Endres Robert G. , Cramer Louise P. , Braga Vania M.M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackground informationCell–cell adhesion and contraction play an essential role in the maintenance of geometric shape and polarisation of epithelial cells. However, the molecular regulation of contraction during cell elongation leading to epithelial polarisation and acquisition of geometric cell shape is not clear.ResultsUpon induction of cell–cell adhesion, we find that human keratinocytes acquire specific geometric shapes favouring hexagons, by re‐modelling junction length/orientation and thus neighbour allocation. Acquisition of geometric shape correlates temporally with epithelial polarisation, as shown by an increase in lateral height. ROCK1 and ROCK2 are important regulators of myosin II contraction, but their specific role in epithelial cell shape has not been addressed. Depletion of ROCK proteins interferes with the correct proportion of hexagonal cell shapes and full elongation of lateral domain. Interestingly, ROCK proteins are not essential for maintenance of circumferential thin bundles, the main contractile epithelial F‐actin pool. Instead, ROCK1 or ROCK2 regulates thin bundle contraction and positioning along the lateral domain, an important event for the stabilisation of the elongating lateral domain. Mechanistically, E‐cadherin clustering specifically leads to ROCK1/ROCK2‐dependent inactivation of myosin phosphatase and phosphorylation of myosin regulatory light chain. These events correlate temporally with the increase in lateral height and thin bundle compaction towards junctions.ConclusionWe conclude that ROCK proteins are necessary for acquisition of elongated and geometric cell shape, two key events for epithelial differentiation.
Development and evaluation of a real‐time PCR seed lot screening method for Fusarium circinatum, causal agent of pitch canker disease
Authors: Dreaden T. J. , Smith J. A. , Barnard E. L. , Blakeslee G. 
Published: April 2012

SummaryFusarium circinatum is a serious pathogen of Pinus spp. worldwide, causing pitch canker disease. F. circinatum can contaminate seeds both internally and externally and is readily disseminated via contaminated seed. Many countries require screening of pine seeds for F. circinatum before they can be imported. The currently accepted screening method is based on culturing the pathogen on a semi‐selective medium and identifying it using morphological traits. This method is time‐consuming and does not allow for accurate identification of the pathogen to the species level. A bulk DNA extraction and real‐time PCR procedure to screen seeds for the presence of F. circinatum were developed in this study. The real‐time PCR method resulted in the detection of F. circinatum in 5 of 6 commercial seed lots tested and has a lower detection limit of 1 × 10−5 ng of F. circinatum DNA per PCR. The culture‐based method detected Fusarium spp. in four of six of the same seed lots. The real‐time PCR method can be used to screen multiple seed lots in 2 days, whereas the culture‐based method requires a minimum of 1–2 weeks. This new real‐time PCR seed screening method allows for fast, sensitive and accurate screening and can be adapted to handle larger volumes of seeds.
The Sustainability of Quinoa Production in Southern Bolivia: from Misrepresentations to Questionable Solutions. Comments on Jacobsen (2011, J. Agron. Crop Sci. 197: 390–399)
Authors: Winkel T. , Bertero H. D. , Bommel P. , Bourliaud J. , Chevarría Lazo M. , Cortes G. , Gasselin P. , Geerts S. , Joffre R. , Léger F. , Martinez Avisa B. , Rambal S. , Rivière G. , Tichit M. , Tourrand J. F. , Vassas Toral A. , Vacher J. J. , Vieira Pak M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractReviewing the situation of quinoa production in southern Bolivia, Jacobsen (2011, J. Agron. Crop Sci. 197: 390) argues that the booming export market has a negative effect on the environment and on the home consumption of quinoa, thereby leading to an environmental disaster in the region. In view of the scarcity of scientific knowledge on the rapid social and environmental dynamics in the region, we consider that Jacobsen’s review misrepresents the situation of quinoa production in southern Bolivia. Specifically, we argue that (i) the data presented by Jacobsen (2011, J. Agron. Crop Sci. 197: 390) do not support any drop in quinoa crop yield supposed to reflect soil degradation and (ii) his demonstration regarding home consumption of quinoa is ill‐founded from both a nutritional and a cultural point of view. We suggest that the diffusion of the arguments exposed by Jacobsen (2011, J. Agron. Crop Sci. 197: 390), because of their flaws, might have strong negative impacts on those concerned with sustainable food production and fair‐trade with developing countries. We conclude that, rather than reinforced agro‐technical controls on local farmers, the rising competition in the international quinoa market requires a shift towards an ethical economy and ethical research cooperation with quinoa producers.
Independent and Combined Effects of Soil Warming and Drought Stress During Anthesis on Seed Set and Grain Yield in Two Spring Wheat Varieties
Authors: Weldearegay D. F. , Yan F. , Jiang D. , Liu F. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIncrease in soil temperature together with decrease in soil moisture during anthesis of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L) crops is predicted to occur more frequently in a future climate in Denmark. The objective of this study was to investigate the responses of two Danish spring wheat varieties (Trappe and Alora) to soil warming (H), drought (D) and both (HD) during anthesis. The plants were grown in pots in a climate‐controlled glasshouse. In H, the soil temperature was increased by 3 °C compared with the control (C). In both D and HD treatments, the plants were drought‐stressed by withholding irrigation until all of the transpirable soil water had been depleted in the pots. Results showed that, particularly under D treatment, Alora depleted soil water faster than Trappe. In both varieties, flag leaf relative water content (RWC) was significantly lowered, while spikelet abscisic acid (ABA) concentration was significantly increased by D and HD treatments. Compared with the C plants, D and HD treatments significantly reduced ear number, ear to tiller ratio, shoot biomass, grain yield, harvest index and seed set but hardly affected tiller number and 1000‐kernel weight, whereas H treatment alone only decreased shoot biomass and reduced seed set. When analysed across the varieties and the treatments, it was found that the reduction in seed set was closely correlated with the increase in spikelet ABA concentration, indicating that D and HD treatments induced greater spikelet ABA concentrations might have caused seed abortion. It was concluded that the grain yield reduction under D and HD treatments during anthesis in spring wheat is ascribed mainly to a lowered seed set and wheat varieties (i.e. Alora) with more dramatic increase in spikelet ABA concentration are more susceptible to D and HD treatment.
Neural correlates of socioeconomic status in the developing human brain
Authors: Noble Kimberly G. , Houston Suzanne M. , Kan Eric , Sowell Elizabeth R. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractSocioeconomic disparities in childhood are associated with remarkable differences in cognitive and socio‐emotional development during a time when dramatic changes are occurring in the brain. Yet, the neurobiological pathways through which socioeconomic status (SES) shapes development remain poorly understood. Behavioral evidence suggests that language, memory, social‐emotional processing, and cognitive control exhibit relatively large differences across SES. Here we investigated whether volumetric differences could be observed across SES in several neural regions that support these skills. In a sample of 60 socioeconomically diverse children, highly significant SES differences in regional brain volume were observed in the hippocampus and the amygdala. In addition, SES × age interactions were observed in the left superior temporal gyrus and left inferior frontal gyrus, suggesting increasing SES differences with age in these regions. These results were not explained by differences in gender, race or IQ. Likely mechanisms include differences in the home linguistic environment and exposure to stress, which may serve as targets for intervention at a time of high neural plasticity.
Rapid recognition at 10 months as a predictor of language development
Authors: Junge Caroline , Kooijman Valesca , Hagoort Peter , Cutler Anne 
Published: April 2012

AbstractInfants’ ability to recognize words in continuous speech is vital for building a vocabulary. We here examined the amount and type of exposure needed for 10‐month‐olds to recognize words. Infants first heard a word, either embedded within an utterance or in isolation, then recognition was assessed by comparing event‐related potentials to this word versus a word that they had not heard directly before. Although all 10‐month‐olds showed recognition responses to words first heard in isolation, not all infants showed such responses to words they had first heard within an utterance. Those that did succeed in the latter, harder, task, however, understood more words and utterances when re‐tested at 12 months, and understood more words and produced more words at 24 months, compared with those who had shown no such recognition response at 10 months. The ability to rapidly recognize the words in continuous utterances is clearly linked to future language development.
Characterisation of Human Skin Impedance at Acupuncture Point Pc4 Ximen and pericardium meridian using the four-electrode method
Authors: Rezaei Shima , Khorsand Ali , Jamali Jamshid 
Published: April 2012

Introduction Traditional Chinese medicine offers several theories to explain the mechanism of acupuncture. One of these theories proposes that acupuncture points and meridians have unique electrical properties and their electrical skin impedance is lower than surrounding areas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in electrical skin impedance between PC4 and the pericardium meridian compared with the surrounding areas. Methods Eighteen healthy subjects (10 women) were recruited to participate in the study. An impedance meter based on the four-electrode technique was designed specifically for the study. Twenty-five points were marked on the skin: one on the point PC4, four others on the pericardium meridian and 20 points around it. The electrical impedance of each point was measured with the four-electrode device. Results The mean electrical skin impedance at PC4 was significantly different from the 20 of the surrounding points but not significantly different from the four adjacent points. The mean skin impedance of the five points over the pericardium meridian was significantly different from that of parallel rows of points using repeated measures analysis of variance (p<0.001) Conclusion Within the possible limits of this measurement technique, skin impedance along the pericardium meridian is lower than surrounding areas, supporting the idea of different properties of the pericardium meridian compared with the control areas. Evidence on skin impedance at PC4 is inconclusive and further studies are needed.
Is There Any Difference in Human Pupillary Reaction to Acupuncture between Light- and Dark-Adaptive Conditions?
Authors: Mori Hidetoshi , Kuge Hiroshi , Tanaka Tim Hideaki , Kikuchi Yuya , Nakajo Hiroshi , Yamashita Kazuhiko , Nishijo Kazushi 
Published: April 2012

Objectives To determine if acupuncture stimulation elicits a pupillary response under light adaptation and whether there is any difference in the pupillary response between light and dark adaptation environments during acupuncture stimulation. Methods The participants consisted of 55 healthy individuals who had no known eye diseases or pupil abnormalities. Experiment 1 compared pupillary responses between acupuncture stimulation and no-stimulation groups under light adaptation. Experiment 2 compared pupillary responses to acupuncture between two conditions (dark and light adaptation) with a two-period repeated measurement crossover design. For both experiments the pupil diameter was continuously measured for 3 min before stimulation, during stimulation and for 3 min after stimulation. For all acupuncture stimulation interventions an acupuncture needle was inserted superficially at the TE5 acupuncture point followed by gentle tapping stimulation for 90 s. Results In experiment 1 the pupil diameter was significantly decreased during (p<0.01) and after stimulation (p<0.0001) compared with the pupil diameter before stimulation under light adaptation. No significant difference was noted in the serial changes in pupil diameter in the no-stimulation group. In experiment 2 the pupil diameter was significantly decreased 90 s after stimulation (p<0.05) and 150 s after stimulation (p<0.05) under light adaptation conditions. Furthermore, the pupil diameter was significantly decreased 120 s after stimulation (p<0.05) and 150 s after stimulation (p<0.01) under dark adaptation conditions. No significant difference in the serial changes in pupil diameter was noted between the groups. Conclusions This study shows that pupil constriction occurs following acupuncture stimulation under light adaptation and this response is no different from that seen under dark adaptation.
Introducing the Palliative Performance Scale to clinicians: the Grampian experience
Authors: Linklater Gordon , Lawton Sally , Fielding Shona , Macaulay Lisa , Carroll David , Pang Dong 
Published: April 2012

ObjectivesThe Palliative Performance Scale (PPS) was introduced across NHS Grampian. Our aim was to determine how practical and useful the PPS was for clinicians looking after palliative patients in a variety of settings.MethodsA prospective audit approach was used in primary, secondary and nursing home care settings who. Demographic and assessment data were gathered for 3 months; feedback was gathered at the end of the data collection phase. Patient follow-up status was determined at 12 months.ResultsFifteen clinical sites participated and feedback was obtained from all clinical areas (n=30). Most respondents found the PPS easy to use and that it helped recognise disease progression in cancer patients, but not in patients with dementia/frailty. Assessment data were gathered on 666 patients. Sixty per cent had a malignant diagnosis and 62.5% of the sample died within 12 months. Lower PPS scores at initial assessment indicated poorer prognosis. Median survival figures differed from previously published data. Falling PPS scores increased the risk of death compared with patients whose PPS scores remained static or improved.ConclusionClinicians found the PPS to be a quick, useful way of assessing and reviewing functional changes in palliative patients. However, it may not identify the subtle changes in individuals with advanced dementia. The survival figures confirm that caution is needed in generalising survival data across different settings and populations. Further work is needed to examine changing functional status in patients with non-malignant diseases or dementia/frailty.