bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glucose Level and Brain Infarction: A Prospective Case-Control Study and Prospective Study
Authors: Mazighi M. , Labreuche J. , Amarenco P. 
Published: September 2009

Background Hyperglycaemia in the acute phase of stroke has been established as a predictor of higher mortality. But recent data regarding active treatment of hyperglycaemia showed no clinical benefit suggesting that hyperglycaemia may not have a detrimental effect in brain infarction. Additional data are needed to resolve this uncertainty and identify patients at higher risk if any. Methods A total of 477 adult Caucasian patients with brain infarction and 395 age- and sex-matched controls admitted at the same centres for nonneurological causes were recruited consecutively from 12 neurological centres in France. Electrocardiographic, carotid ultrasonography, and transcranial Doppler studies were performed. Blood was drawn in the morning from fasting subjects for glucose measurement. Functional outcome was measured on admission, at 10 days and at 6 months after the onset of stroke using the modified Rankin scale. Results Among 477 brain infarction patients and 395 hospitalised controls the adjusted mean (±SEM) glucose level was higher in cases (6·4±1·0mmol/l) than in controls (6·0± 1·01 mmol/l, P = 0·006), with a significant heterogeneity across sexes. The fully adjusted odds ratio of brain infarction per 1 standard deviation increase in log-glucose level was 1·02 (95% confidence interval, 0·77–1·37) in men and 2·21 (95% confidence interval, 1·44–3·40) in women. Among the 477 brain infarction cases elevated admission glucose levels were associated with poor outcomes and higher poststrokemortality after adjustment for conventional vascular risk factors and infarct volume. These relationships were not modified by sex. Conclusions Elevated admission glucose levels were associated with brain infarction in women only and with a higher 5-year mortality. Further investigation focusing on the impact of glucose level in different target population is needed to optimise glycaemic management in acute brain infarction patients.
Incidence and Case Fatality of Subarachnoid Haemorrhage in Northern Greece: The Evros Registry of Subarachnoid Haemorrhage
Authors: Vadikolias K. , Tsivgoulis G. , Heliopoulos I. , Papaioakim M. , Aggelopoulou C. , Serdari A. , Birbilis T. , Piperidou C. 
Published: September 2009

BackgroundEpidemiological data on subarachnoid haemorrhage incidence and case-fatality rates are scarce in the southeastern Mediterranean region. We conducted a population-based study in Evros Province, located in north-eastern Greece, to determine subarachnoid haemorrhage incidence over a 5-year period (2001–2005).MethodsEvros Province has a well-defined, largely homogeneous population with healthcare organised around a single tertiary-care University Hospital. We organised a prospective computerised registry of permanent Evros residents admitted or transferred to our hospital with a diagnosis of subarachnoid haemorrhage. Standard World Health Organization definitions and overlapping case-finding methods were used to identify all cases of first ever in a lifetime subarachnoid haemorrhage in all age groups, occurring during the study period. The diagnosis was confirmed by computed tomography scan in all hospitalised cases. Sudden deaths attributable to subarachnoid haemorrhage were systematically recorded province-wide by our forensic department and are included in the study.ResultsDuring the 5-year period, 51 cases of subarachnoid haemorrhage were recorded (28 men, 23 women; mean age 59 ± 17 years). The crude annual incidence rates were 8·3/100000 persons (95% confidence interval: 5·5–12·0) for men, 7·5/100000 (4·8–11·3) for women and 7·9/100000 (5§9–10§4) for all subjects. The standardised incidence rates for groups aged 45–84 years in the European population were 9·3/100000 (5·8–12·8) for men, 6·5/100000 (3·7–9·4) for women and 7·9/100000 (5·7–10·2). The 28-day case-fatality rates for men, women and all subjects were 36% (21–54%), 35% (19–55%) and 35% (24–49%), respectively.ConclusionsThe incidence and case-fatality rate of subarachnoid haemorrhage haemorrhage in Greece appear to be similar to other developed countries. No gender differences in subarachnoid haemorrhage incidence and case-fatality rate were documented.
Britishness and the Failure of Australian Republicanism
Authors: Wellings Ben 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIn 1999, Australians voted to reject the removal of the Queen as Head of State in Australia. It would be wrong though to see this vote as an endorsement of monarchy. However, the vote did throw issues of the role of Britishness in Australia into the political arena. In fact it was the residual Britishness of the republican movement and its commitment to the sovereignty of Parliament, rather than the Britishness of the monarchists, which was crucial in the defeat of the republican campaign.
Visual Narration of a Nation: Painting and National Identity in Turkey1
Authors: Altan Cemren 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe aim of this article is to review the relationship between Turkish nationalist discourse and early republican paintings through the examination of cultural politics and the production of certain types of works of art and the content analyses of those paintings. In other words, it aims to develop a critical reading of the history of Turkey in conjunction with the development of the history of art. The Republic of Turkey was proclaimed in 1923 and this date also symbolically defines the change in both the political system and society. A largely Muslim population was, for the first time, invited by the state into the Arts. This, on one hand, represented rupture with Islamic principles — that did not allow images that give the illusion of reality — and on the other hand, declared an alliance with the European ‘modes of representation’, the European civilization. The invention of ‘visual citizenship’ through early paintings exemplifies what Hobsbawm referred to as the ‘invention of traditions’ (Hobsbawm 1983), the process of creation of the nation. The examples of figurative paintings that converged to form a strong discourse, structured as a narrative and their messages are organized around certain significant components, convey a particular depiction of ‘Turkishness’. We discuss those arguments through the study of the metaphors and analogies applied in some examples of 1930s paintings in Turkey.
Intraocular pressure change after temporal clear corneal phacoemulsification in normal eyes
Authors: Irak‐Dersu Inci , Nilson Chris , Zabriskie Norm , Durcan Jane , Spencer Horace J. , Crandall Alan 
Published: September 2009

Abstract.Purpose:  To evaluate short‐ and long‐term intraocular pressure (IOP) changes after temporal clear corneal phacoemulsification in normal eyes.Methods:  The charts of 266 consecutive non‐glaucoma patients who underwent uneventful cataract surgery were reviewed. We recorded preoperative and postoperative (1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year and 2 years) IOP measurements as well as anatomical properties obtained using Zeiss Humphrey IOL Master (Zeiss Meditech, Dublin, California, USA).Results:  Mean IOP reduction after cataract surgery was 8.2%, 4.6%, 6.7% and 7.8% at 3 months, 6 months, 1 year and 2 years, respectively. Lens thickness was the only anatomical characteristic that correlated significantly with IOP decrease after surgery.Conclusion:  Temporal clear corneal phacoemulsification results in a decrease in postoperative IOP that persists for 2 years following surgery.
Glaucoma in aphakic and pseudophakic eyes following surgery for congenital cataract in the first year of life
Authors: Kirwan Caitriona , Lanigan Bernadette , O’Keefe Michael 
Published: September 2009

Abstract.Purpose:  To determine the incidence and risk factors for glaucoma in pseudophakic and aphakic eyes following surgery for congenital cataract within the first year of life.Methods:  We conducted a review of all cataract surgery performed at our unit over a 23‐year period. Age at surgery, corneal diameter, intraocular lens implantation, presence of persistent foetal vasculature and visual axis opacification (VAO) were documented. Time to development of glaucoma, management and outcome were determined. One eye was selected randomly for analysis in cases of bilateral cataract.Results:  Duration of follow‐up was significantly longer (p < 0.001) in the aphakic (113 ± 69 months) compared to the pseudophakic group (56 ± 44 months). Age at surgery was significantly less (p = 0.01) in the aphakic group. The incidence of glaucoma was significantly greater (p = 0.02) in the aphakic (15 eyes, 33%) compared to the pseudophakic (seven eyes, 13%) group. Each eye that developed glaucoma underwent cataract extraction aged ≤ 2.5 months. Analysis of all eyes that underwent surgery aged ≤ 2.5 months revealed no statistical difference (p = 0.08) in the incidence of glaucoma. Smaller corneal diameter and VAO were not associated with increased risk of glaucoma development. Ahmed valves proved effective in controlling intraocular pressure but visual outcome was poor in the majority of cases.Conclusion:  Surgery for congenital cataract at an early age increases the risk of glaucoma development, regardless of whether the eye is aphakic or pseudophakic. Intraocular pressure control with Ahmed valves is frequently required. Glaucomatous damage and dense amblyopia contribute to poor visual outcome in these eyes.
Effects of Blood Contamination on Peritoneal D‐Dimer Concentration in Horses with Colic
Authors: Delgado M.A. , Monreal L. , Armengou L. , Segura D. , Ríos J. 
Published: September 2009

Background:Peritoneal D‐Dimer concentration can be determined to assess peritoneal fibrinolysis activity in horses with gastrointestinal disorders. However, blood contamination of peritoneal fluid may occur during collection and could alter peritoneal D‐Dimer concentration.Hypothesis/Objectives:Blood contamination in peritoneal fluid does not affect interpretation of peritoneal D‐Dimer concentration in horses with colic.Animals:Thirty‐four horses with colic and 4 healthy horses.Methods:Peritoneal fluid and blood samples were simultaneously collected upon admission. Then, peritoneal fluid was serially contaminated with the horse's own blood; final contaminations corresponded to 1, 5, 10, and 20% of blood in peritoneal fluid. D‐Dimer concentration was determined in blood, peritoneal fluid, and contaminated peritoneal fluid samples. Data were analyzed using a longitudinal linear model and a generalized estimating equations analysis to assess the quantitative and qualitative variations of the effect of blood contamination on peritoneal D‐Dimer concentration.Results:Peritoneal D‐Dimer concentration was only quantitatively affected when peritoneal fluid was contaminated at 20% of blood. However, when using increasing cut‐off values of peritoneal D‐Dimer concentration (100, 2,000, 8,000, and 16,000 ng/mL), this effect disappeared at the highest cut‐off values (8,000 and 16,000 ng/mL). When peritoneal fluid contamination was grouped as “minimally contaminated” (≤1% of blood) and “highly contaminated” (≥5% of blood), no significant differences on D‐Dimer concentration between both groups at each cut‐off value were observed.Conclusions and Clinical Importance:Although quantitative results of peritoneal D‐Dimer concentration could be affected by high levels of blood contamination (≥20%), interpretation of increased peritoneal fibrinolytic activity was not significantly affected.
Plasma and Pulmonary Fluid Endothelin in Horses with Seasonal Recurrent Airway Obstruction
Authors: Costa L.R.R. , Eades S.C. , Venugopal C.S. , Moore R.M. 
Published: September 2009

Background:Summer pasture‐associated recurrent airway obstruction (SPA‐RAO), a seasonal airway obstructive disease of horses, is characterized by clinical exacerbation after exposure to pasture during warm months of the year. Endothelin (ET)‐1, potent bronchoconstrictor, mitogen, secretagogue, and proinflammatory mediator, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma and equine heaves.Hypothesis:Immunoreactive ET‐1 concentrations increase during clinical exacerbation and return to basal values during periods of disease remission.Animals:Twelve horses, 6 affected with SPA‐RAO and 6 nonaffected.Methods:Prospective, observational study. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), arterial and venous plasma samples, and clinical variables were obtained from affected horses during clinical exacerbation and remission. Samples and data of nonaffected horses were collected during the summer and winter on dates similar to affected horses. Immunoreactive ET‐1 was determined using a commercial ELISA.Results:The median and range ET‐1 concentrations (pg/ml) in arterial (1.3, 0.7–1.8) and venous (1.3, 1.2–1.7) plasma and in BALF (0.3, 0.2–0.4), and pulmonary epithelial lining fluid (PELF) (25.5, 21–50) were greater in affected horses during clinical exacerbation compared with remission (P< .01). The concentrations of immunoreactive ET‐1 were greater in affected horses during clinical exacerbation compared with nonaffected horses (P< .05).Conclusions and Clinical Importance:During clinical exacerbation of SPA‐RAO, ET‐1 is increased in circulation and pulmonary secretions. Intervention with ET receptor antagonists should provide further information on the role of ET‐1 in SPA‐RAO.
ACTIVE SEGMENTATION
Authors: MISHRA AJAY K. , ALOIMONOS YIANNIS 
Published: September 2009

The human visual system observes and understands a scene/image by making a series of fixations. Every "fixation point" lies inside a particular region of arbitrary shape and size in the scene which can either be an object or just a part of it. We define as a basic segmentation problem the task of segmenting that region containing the "fixation point". Segmenting the region containing the fixation is equivalent to finding the enclosing contour — a connected set of boundary edge fragments in the edge map of the scene — around the fixation. This enclosing contour should be a depth boundary. We present here a novel algorithm that finds this bounding contour and achieves the segmentation of one object, given the fixation. The proposed segmentation framework combines monocular cues (color/intensity/texture) with stereo and/or motion, in a cue independent manner. The semantic robots of the immediate future will be able to use this algorithm to automatically find objects in any environment. The capability of automatically segmenting objects in their visual field can bring the visual processing to the next level. Our approach is different from current approaches. While existing work attempts to segment the whole scene at once into many areas, we segment only one image region, specifically the one containing the fixation point. Experiments with real imagery collected by our active robot and from the known databases1 demonstrate the promise of the approach.
Down-regulation of ZIP4 by RNA Interference Inhibits Pancreatic Cancer Growth and Increases the Survival of Nude Mice with Pancreatic Cancer Xenografts
Authors: Li Min , Zhang Yuqing , Bharadwaj Uddalak , Zhai Qihui (Jim) , Ahern Charlotte H. , Fisher William E. , Brunicardi F. Charles , Logsdon Craig D. , Chen Changyi , Yao Qizhi 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Purpose: Zinc levels have been correlated with cancer risk, although the role of zinc and zinc transporters in cancer progression is largely unknown. We recently found that a zinc transporter, ZIP4, is overexpressed in pancreatic cancer. In this study, we further deciphered the role that ZIP4 plays in a pancreatic cancer mouse model by silencing ZIP4.
Experimental Design: ZIP4 stable silencing was established in pancreatic cancer cell lines ASPC-1 (ASPC-shZIP4) and BxPC-3 (BxPC-shZIP4) by short hairpin RNA using retrovirus vectors. The stable cells were characterized in vitro and in vivo using a nude mouse xenograft model.
Results: Silencing of ZIP4 was associated with decreased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Both ASPC-shZIP4 and BxPC-shZIP4 cells showed a significant reduction in tumor volume and weight in the s.c. model, and decreased primary tumor weight in the orthotopic model compared with the vector control cells (ASPC-shV and BxPC-shV). Silencing of ZIP4 also caused reduced incidence of tumor metastasis in the mice and downsized the tumor grade. More importantly, silencing of ZIP4 significantly increased the survival rate of nude mice with orthotopic xenografts (P = 0.005). All ASPC-shZIP4–injected mice (100%) remained alive up to 32 days after tumor implantation, whereas only 30% of the ASPC-shV mice were alive at the same time point. CyclinD1 expression was decreased in the ASPC-shZIP4 xenografts.
Conclusions: These results identify a previously uncharacterized role of ZIP4 in pancreatic cancer progression, and indicate that knocking down ZIP4 by short hairpin RNA might be a novel treatment strategy for pancreatic cancers with ZIP4 overexpression. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(19):5993–6001)
Src Tyrosine Kinase Regulates Adhesion and Chemotaxis in Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia
Authors: Ngo Hai T. , Azab Abdel Kareem , Farag Mena , Jia Xiaoying , Melhem Molly M. , Runnels Judith , Roccaro Aldo M. , Azab Feda , Sacco Antonio , Leleu Xavier , Anderson Kenneth C. , Ghobrial Irene M. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Purpose: Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia is a lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma characterized by widespread involvement of the bone marrow. Despite different options of therapy, Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia is still incurable. Src tyrosine kinase has been shown to play a central role in the regulation of a variety of biological processes, such as cell proliferation, migration, adhesion, and survival in solid tumors. We sought to determine whether the protein tyrosine kinase Src regulates adhesion, migration, and survival in Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia.
Experimental Design: We tested the expression of Src tyrosine kinase in Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia and normal cells, and the effect of the specific Src inhibitor AZD0530 on the adhesion, migration, cell cycle, and survival of a Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia cell line and patient samples. Moreover, we tested the effect of AZD0530 on cytoskeletal and cell cycle signaling in Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia.
Results: We show that Src is overexpressed in Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia cells compared with control B cells, and that the use of the Src inhibitor AZD0530 led to significant inhibition of adhesion, migration, and cytoskeletal signaling induced by SDF1. Moreover, inhibition of Src activity induced G1 cell cycle arrest; however, it had minimal effect on survival of Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia cells, and no significant effect on survival of normal cells.
Conclusions: Taken together, these results delineate the role of Src kinase activity in Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia and provide the framework for future clinical trials using Src inhibitors in combination with other drugs to improve the outcome of patients with Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(19):6035–41)
A novel small molecule with potent anticancer activity inhibits cell growth by modulating intracellular labile zinc homeostasis
Authors: Huesca Mario , Lock Lisa S. , Khine Aye Aye , Viau Stéphane , Peralta Robert , Cukier I. Howard , Jin Hongnan , Al-Qawasmeh Raed A. , Lee Yoon , Wright Jim , Young Aiping 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
ML-133 is a novel small molecule with potent antiproliferative activity, as shown in cancer cell lines and in a human colon tumor xenograft model. ML-133 reduces the concentration of intracellular labile zinc in HT-29 colon cancer cells, leading to induction of the Krüppel-like factor 4 transcription factor. Krüppel-like factor 4 displaces the positive regulator SP1 from the cyclin D1 promoter, thereby negatively regulating the expression of cyclin D1 and promoting the G1-S phase arrest of cell proliferation. The antiproliferative and antitumor activity of ML-133 described in the present study suggests modulation of intracellular zinc homeostasis as a potential strategy for the treatment of several cancer types, and ML-133 represents a promising new class of antitumor agents that deserves further development. [Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(9):2586–96]
Combination of EGFR and MEK1/2 inhibitor shows synergistic effects by suppressing EGFR/HER3-dependent AKT activation in human gastric cancer cells
Authors: Yoon Young-Kwang , Kim Hwang-Phill , Han Sae-Won , Hur Hyung-Seok , Oh Do Youn , Im Seock-Ah , Bang Yung-Jue , Kim Tae-You 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors have shown promising efficacy in the treatment of tumors with EGFR mutations and amplifications. However, tyrosine kinase inhibitors have also proven ineffective against most tumors with EGFR wild-type (WT) alleles. Although some genetic changes, including the KRAS mutation, have been shown to confer resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors, novel strategies for the treatment of cancer patients with tumors harboring EGFR WT alleles have yet to be thoroughly delineated. The principal objective of this study was to improve our current understanding of drug interactions between EGFR and MAP/ERK kinase (MEK) inhibitors in an effort to gain insight into a novel therapeutic strategy against EGFR WT tumors. Using a panel of human EGFR WT gastric cancer cell lines, we showed that gastric cancer cells harboring the KRAS mutation were selectively sensitive to MEK inhibition as compared with those cells harboring KRAS and PI3K mutations and KRAS WT alleles. However, all cell lines were found to be resistant to EGFR inhibition. The results from Western blots and phosphoprotein arrays showed that, in MEK inhibitor resistant cell lines, AKT was activated through the EGFR/HER3/PI3K pathway following AZD6244 (ARRY-142886) treatment. Blockade of this feedback mechanism through the targeting of MEK and EGFR resulted in detectable synergistic effects in some cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Our results provide the basis for a rational combination strategy against human EGFR WT gastric cancers, predicated on the understanding of cross-talk between the MEK and EGFR pathways. [Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(9):2526–36]