bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Source Region of the Solar Wind: Statistics of the Doppler Velocities at the Chromosphere
Authors: Yu Fu , Rao Shihao , Zhao Jie , Li Chuan , Su Yang , Zhao Jinsong , Qiu Ye , Ding Mingde , Fang Cheng , Li Hui , Gan Weiqun 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The solar wind has been extensively studied recently with in situ observations, and the understanding of its counterpart near the solar surface has also progressed significantly. With the spectroscopic observations from the Chinese Hα Solar Explorer (CHASE), the chromospheric Dopplergram of the full solar disk is first obtained almost simultaneously. By investigating the statistics of the Doppler velocities at the chromosphere, we find that the coronal hole (CH) regions are dominated by Doppler blueshifts, with a stronger net magnetic flux region corresponding to smaller blueshift velocity. In addition to the average blueshift, the probability density of the Doppler shift is not symmetrically distributed but shows an excess at the redshift side, while the reference region does not show such an asymmetry. The redshift asymmetry may provide a possible clue for the interchange reconnection that might happen just above the chromosphere. By sampling the regions at the network boundaries in the CHs, the probability density is slightly enhanced at the parts of both larger blueshifts and redshifts compared with the result for the whole CH region. As the reference region also shows such enhancement, the crucial area associated with the origin of solar wind is not identified efficiently by sampling the overall network boundaries as demonstrated here. The present study shows the first attempt at interpreting the origin of solar wind in the transient CHs based on the CHASE spectroscopic observations, and a combination of full-disk and high-resolution observations is helpful in the future for firmly understanding the source region of solar wind.
Les inerties de la transition : la reproduction des paysages capitalistes en Europe, des mines de cuivre aux éoliennes
Authors: Buu-Sao Doris , Patinaux Leny 
Published: June 2024

Cet article analyse la place des inerties sociales, économiques et environnementales dans le renouveau industriel induit par la « transition énergétique » contemporaine. Pour cela, il s’appuie sur la comparaison de deux terrains : la réouverture d’une mine de cuivre en Andalousie et l’implantation massive d’éoliennes dans le nord de la France. L’analyse localisée des trajectoires industrielles dans ces deux régions montre d’une part comment se construisent sur le temps long des zones de sacrifice propices au renouveau industriel dans lesquelles les nouvelles dégradations environnementales s’intègrent parmi les dégâts du passé. D’autre part, l’article décrit comment l’extraction de nouvelles ressources minières ou renouvelables se spatialise différemment dans ces territoires dédiés à l’industrie. Il montre enfin la centralité du travail dans l’adhésion ou le rejet de ces nouvelles activités industrielles de « transition ».
Les agriculteurs et la légitimation des politiques de transition : une approche par les discours sur la paperasse
Authors: Mesnel Blandine 
Published: June 2024

Cet article interroge la signification politique des discours contre la complexité des normes environnementales en agriculture : quel rapport esquissent-ils à l’objectif de transition ? Il mobilise pour cela la sociologie du travail administratif, des réceptions et des policy feedback de l’action publique. Analysant le cas de la Politique agricole commune, il montre que les discours sur la paperasse correspondent à un rapport ambigu, nuancé et collectivement structuré des agriculteurs à l’action publique environnementale. Les critiques de la bureaucratisation reposent plus précisément sur deux principes moraux structurants : la responsabilité et le réalisme. Dans les deux cas, les discours et les croyances qui les sous-tendent n’aboutissent pas systématiquement à une inertie environnementale ou à une délégitimation complète des programmes publics : ils peuvent aussi signifier une reconnaissance, voire un attachement aux objectifs affichés. Le cas des agriculteurs permet ainsi de discuter certains résultats des travaux sur la place du travail administratif dans les mécanismes de légitimation de l’action publique.
Is protean career orientation related to digital networking? The role of digital technology competencies
Authors: Bazine Nicolas , Fréour Léa 
Published: June 2024

Bien que le réseautage numérique ait été identifié comme un comportement important pour le développement de carrière, la recherche reste à ce jour limitée. Avec l’omniprésence technologique, le réseautage numérique est devenu un comportement commun. Cependant, nos connaissances restent limitées sur la façon dont les individus créent et développent leur réseau numérique. En intégrant les recherches sur le réseautage, l’orientation de carrière protéenne et les compétences numériques, nous proposons un modèle reliant l’orientation de carrière protéenne et le réseautage numérique via les compétences numériques. Une étude basée sur 213 étudiants soutient que le réseautage numérique est composé de deux dimensions : la construction et l’utilisation. Notre modèle théorique a été ensuite testé sur un échantillon de 473 étudiants dans lequel l’orientation de carrière protéenne conduit au réseautage numérique via les compétences numériques. Ces recherches mettent en lumière les compétences numériques comme mécanisme expliquant les effets de l’orientation de carrière protéenne sur le réseautage numérique. Elles fournissent également des informations aux conseillers d’orientation, au personnel universitaire et aux universitaires de comment améliorer le réseautage numérique afin d’en tirer un bénéfice pour le développement de carrière.
L’iconographie de Jacques Ier au XIXe siècle : mythification et démythification
Authors: Trenc Élisée 
Published: June 2024

Cette analyse de l’iconographie du roi Jacques Ier au XIXe siècle a pour but de montrer la mythification, à travers la sculpture monumentale, la peinture et l’illustration, d’un personnage historique considéré comme le grand héros médiéval de la Catalogne, le conquérant qui a christianisé et « catalanisé » les royaumes de Majorque et de Valence. Même si ses nombreuses aventures féminines ont donné lieu à une certaine démythification dans le théâtre populaire, les caricatures dans la presse satirique barcelonaise n’ont pas vraiment démythifié le grand roi : au contraire, pour le lectorat anticlérical et républicain de cette presse, sa lascivité a été perçue comme une qualité et un côté plutôt sympathique.
Resting Metabolic Rate in Indian Adolescents and Youth with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case Controlled Study
Authors: Karguppikar Madhura , Mondkar Shruti , Shah Nikhil , Kajale Neha , Kulkarni Sarita , Gondhalekar Ketan , Bhor Shital , Khadilkar Vaman , Khadilkar Anuradha 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Energy metabolism in type 1 diabetes (T1D) is known to be different. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) accounts for the largest portion of total energy needs. The objective of our study was to assess resting metabolic rate and its determinants in adolescents and young adults with T1D in comparison with age- and gender-matched healthy controls.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study included 97 children and young adults (10–19 years) with type 1 diabetes having a disease duration of at least 1 year. For the control population, 95 age- and gender-matched healthy adolescents were enrolled. Clinical examination and biochemical evaluation of parameters pertaining to diabetes and body composition were estimated, and RMR was measured using indirect calorimetry for both cases and controls.

Results:
Adolescents with T1D were significantly shorter, and had significantly lower calorie intake, higher RMR and volume of oxygen consumed (VO2) as compared to the healthy controls (P < 0.05). RMR adjusted for weight showed a significant positive correlation with lean body mass (LBM) percentage, and energy intake and a negative correlation with disease duration. Those with a T1D duration of less than 5 years demonstrated a significantly higher RMR, lower body fat percentage, higher LBM percentage, carbohydrate and energy intake/kg body weight and higher calculated insulin sensitivity (IS) as compared to those with greater disease duration. Muscle mass percentage and higher energy intake were found to be significant positive predictors and advancing age/diabetes duration was a negative predictor of weight-adjusted RMR (P < 0.05), whereas IS and male gender tended towards significant negative association (P = 0.06).

Conclusion:
Indian children with type 1 diabetes had a higher resting metabolic rate as compared to healthy children. Muscle mass, energy intake and diabetes duration were observed to be important predictors of RMR in T1D. Reduction in RMR with advancing age/disease duration may predispose to weight gain and subsequent double diabetes in T1D.
Bcl-2 expression and image analysis of premalignant and malignant colonic lesions
Authors: El-Sharkawy Sonia L. , Abbas Naglaa F. , Abdelaal Wafaa E. , Badawi Manal A. 
Published: June 2024

Background/aim
Colorectal cancer is the third malignancy worldwide with high mortality. The development of colorectal carcinoma is a multiple step process that turns normal cells into malignant ones. One of these steps is inhibiting apoptosis. Bcl-2 is the key regulators of apoptosis and thus inhibits programmed cell death. The relationship between cell death and cell proliferation is balanced through apoptosis. This study aimed to evaluate immunohistochemical bcl-2 expression, nuclear morphometric parameters, and cell cycle values in premalignant and malignant colon lesions.

Material and methods
Sixty colonic paraffin blocks (10 normal mucosa, 20 adenomas, and 30 carcinomas) from private laboratories and the Pathology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt, were included in this study. Bcl-2 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Nuclear morphometric parameters and cell cycle values were studied using an image analysis system.

Results
Immunohistochemical results showed expression of bcl-2 in the lower half of normal colonic crypts. Bcl-2 positivity was detected in 53% of carcinomas and 85% of adenomas with significant difference. The percentage of bcl-2 positive cells in carcinomas was significantly decreased with increasing grades. In carcinomas, nuclear area showed significant increase with increasing grades. Nuclear area showed significant difference between high-grade dysplastic adenomas and carcinomas. Carcinomas showed high proportion of aneuploid cells with significant difference than adenomas. Inverse correlation was detected between aneuploidy and bcl-2 positivity.

Conclusion
Bcl-2 protein has a role in early event of colorectal carcinogenesis. The acceptable reliability of immunohistochemical, nuclear area, and cell cycle analysis may serve as diagnostic and prognostic indicators in benign and malignant colorectal lesions.
Clinical aspects of human Bocavirus 1 in a sample of Egyptian infants with acute lower respiratory tract infection: A pilot study
Authors: El-Zayat Tayseer M. , El-Nady Hala G. , Mohamed Soheir I. , El Refay Amira S. , El Tawel Ahmed N. , Gaber Mona , Ali Mohamed A. 
Published: June 2024

Background/aim
The recent advance in molecular technology permitted a comprehensive range of novel viral etiological causes to be detected in respiratory tract specimens. The human Bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) as a virus of the Parvoviridae family recently was defined as a human pathogen mainly linked to acute respiratory infection in children. Our aim was to identify the rate and seasonal variation of Bocavirus 1 infection and their correlation with the different clinical presentations in Egyptian infants less than 2 years old with acute lower respiratory tract infection.

Patients and methods
This study enrolled 100 infants aged from 4 weeks to 2 years presenting with symptoms of acute respiratory infection from Materia Hospital and Alzahraa University Hospital. Full medical history, general and local examination of the chest focusing on respiratory rate and plain chest radiograph were collected from each infant. In addition, pharyngeal swabs were collected from participated infants and were subjected to DNA extraction followed by PCR using different viral protein-targeted primer sets.

Results
Bronchopneumonia was the prominent diagnosis in the enrolled infants (38%) followed by bronchiolitis (34%) and bronchitis (28%) subsequently. The presence of HBoV1 among studied patients was 8% and the peak of the infection was in January (37.5%) followed by April (25%) and July (25%). Most of patients with HBoV1 positive were presented with respiratory distress and refusal of feeding. Seven percent of all patients were presented with diarrhea.

Conclusions
HBoV1 infection may be considered as a risk factor for lower respiratory tract infections in Egyptian children less than 2 years old.
Relation between 25-hydroxy vitamin D and diabetic retinopathy in Egyptian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Elwakeel Mervat E. , El-Senosy Fatma M. , Mohammed Nesma S. , Abdelrahman Heba M. , Ebrihem Eman E. 
Published: June 2024

Background/aim
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of blindness in people whose ages range from 20 to 64 worldwide. This study aims to evaluate the association of serum 25-hydroxy (OH) vitamin D deficiency and DR in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.

Patients and methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 90 Egyptian patients with T2DM. Patients were divided into two groups: group I included 44 patients without retinopathy and group II included 46 with retinopathy. Group II was subdivided into two subgroups, group IIa, which included 26 nonproliferative DR patients and group IIb, which included 20 proliferative DR patients. Anthropometric data and laboratory investigations, including fasting and the postprandial blood sugar, glycated hemoglobin, lipid profiles, and serum vitamin D level. A fundus examination was also performed.

Results
The present results exhibited a significant decrease (P<0.05) of serum vitamin D (25-OH-vitamin D) in patients with T2DM and this deficiency is more in group II in comparison to group I and in a patient with proliferative DR (group IIb) compared to nonproliferative DR (group IIa). Also, there was a downward trend in serum vitamin D with the severity of DR. Also 25-OH-vitamin D level was inversely correlated with fasting, postprandial blood sugar, and glycated hemoglobin. A cut-off value for serum vitamin D levels of less than or equal to 12.03 ng/ml served as a sensitive indicator for DR.

Conclusion
25-OH-vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in Egyptian patients with T2DM and this deficiency is highly associated with the presence and severity of DR.
A sharp criterion for zero modes of the Dirac equation
Authors: Frank Rupert L. , Loss Michael 
Published: June 2024

It is shown that

\Vert A \Vert_{L^d}^2\ge \frac{d}{d-2}S_{d}

is a necessary condition for the existence of a nontrivial solution

\psi

of the Dirac equation

\gamma \cdot (-i\nabla -A)\psi = 0

in

d

dimensions. Here,

S_{d}

is the sharp Sobolev constant. If

d

is odd and

\Vert A \Vert_{L^d}^2= \frac{d}{d-2}S_{d}

, then there exist vector potentials that allow for zero modes. A complete classification of these vector potentials and their corresponding zero modes is given.
Evaluating new biomarkers for diabetic nephropathy: Role of α2-macroglobulin, podocalyxin, α-L-fucosidase, retinol-binding protein-4, and cystatin C
Authors: Li Jing-Jing , Sa Ru-La , Zhang Yu , Yan Zhao-Li 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND
The intricate relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and diabetic nephropathy (DN) presents a challenge in understanding the significance of various biomarkers in diagnosis.
AIM
To elucidate the roles and diagnostic values of α2-macroglobulin (α2-MG), podocalyxin (PCX), α-L-fucosidase (AFU), retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP-4), and cystatin C (CysC) in DN.
METHODS
From December 2018 to December 2020, 203 T2DM patients were enrolled in the study. Of these, 115 were diagnosed with DN (115 patients), while the remaining 88 patients were classified as non-DN. The urinary levels of α2-MG, PCX, and AFU and the serum concentrations RBP-4 and CysC were measured in conjunction with other relevant clinical indicators to evaluate their potential correlations and diagnostic utility.
RESULTS
After adjustments for age and gender, significant positive correlations were observed between the biomarkers CysC, RBP-4, α2-MG/urinary creatinine (UCr), PCX/UCr, and AFU/UCr, and clinical indicators such as urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), serum creatinine, urea, 24-h total urine protein, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). Conversely, these biomarkers exhibited negative correlations with the estimated glomerular filtration rate (P < 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis further demonstrated the diagnostic performance of these biomarkers, with UACR showcasing the highest area under the ROC curve (AUCROC) at 0.97.
CONCLUSION
This study underscores the diagnostic significance of α2-MG, PCX, and AFU in the development of DN. The biomarkers RBP-4, CysC, PCX, AFU, and α2-MG provide promising diagnostic insights, while UACR is the most potent diagnostic biomarker in assessing DN.
Evaluation of left ventricular systolic function in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with and without peripheral vascular disease
Authors: Li Guang-An , Huang Jun , Fan Li 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND
Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) is a common complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Patients with T2DM have twice the risk of PVD as nondiabetic patients.
AIM
To evaluate left ventricular (LV) systolic function by layer-specific global longitudinal strain (GLS) and peak strain dispersion (PSD) in T2DM patients with and without PVD.
METHODS
Sixty-five T2DM patients without PVD, 57 T2DM patients with PVD and 63 normal controls were enrolled in the study. Layer-specific GLS [GLS of the epimyocardium (GLSepi), GLS of the middle myocardium (GLSmid) and GLS of the endocardium (GLSendo)] and PSD were calculated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to calculate the sensitivity and specificity of LV systolic dysfunction in T2DM patients with PVD. We calculated Pearson’s correlation coefficients between biochemical data, echocardiographic characteristics, and layer-specific GLS and PSD.
RESULTS
There were significant differences in GLSepi, GLSmid and GLSendo between normal controls, T2DM patients without PVD and T2DM patients with PVD (P < 0.001). Trend tests revealed a ranking of normal controls > T2DM patients without PVD > T2DM patients with PVD in the absolute value of GLS (P < 0.001). PSD differed significantly between the three groups, and the trend ranking was as follows: normal controls < T2DM patients without PVD < T2DM patients with PVD (P < 0.001). ROC analysis revealed that the combination of layer-specific GLS and PSD had high diagnostic efficiency for detecting LV systolic dysfunction in T2DM patients with PVD. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was positively correlated with GLSepi, GLSmid and PSD (P < 0.05), while LV ejection fraction was negatively correlated with GLSepi, GLSmid and GLSendo in T2DM patients with PVD (P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION
PVD may aggravate the deterioration of LV systolic dysfunction in T2DM patients. Layer-specific GLS and PSD can be used to detect LV systolic dysfunction accurately and conveniently in T2DM patients with or without PVD.
Estimating the Seroincidence of Scrub Typhus using Antibody Dynamics after Infection
Authors: Aiemjoy Kristen , Katuwal Nishan , Vaidya Krista , Shrestha Sony , Thapa Melina , Teunis Peter , Bogoch Isaac I. , Trowbridge Paul , Blacksell Stuart D. , Paris Daniel H. , Wangrangsimakul Tri , Varghese George M. , Maude Richard J. , Tamrakar Dipesh , Andrews Jason R. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT.
Scrub typhus, a vector-borne bacterial infection, is an important but neglected disease globally. Accurately characterizing the burden is challenging because of nonspecific symptoms and limited diagnostics. Prior seroepidemiology studies have struggled to find consensus cutoffs that permit comparisons of estimates across contexts and time. In this study, we present a novel approach that does not require a cutoff and instead uses information about antibody kinetics after infection to estimate seroincidence. We use data from three cohorts of scrub typhus patients in Chiang Rai, Thailand, and Vellore, India, to characterize antibody kinetics after infection and two population serosurveys in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, and Tamil Nadu, India, to estimate seroincidence. The samples were tested for IgM and IgG responses to Orientia tsutsugamushi-derived recombinant 56-kDa antigen using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. We used Bayesian hierarchical models to characterize antibody responses after scrub typhus infection and used the joint distributions of the peak antibody titers and decay rates to estimate population-level incidence rates in the cross-sectional serosurveys. Median responses persisted above an optical density (OD) of 1.8 for 23.6 months for IgG and an OD of 1 for 4.5 months for IgM. Among 18- to 29-year-olds, the seroincidence was 10 per 1,000 person-years (95% CI, 5–19) in Tamil Nadu, India, and 14 per 1,000 person-years (95% CI: 10–20) in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. When seroincidence was calculated with antibody decay ignored, the disease burden was underestimated by more than 50%. The approach can be deployed prospectively, coupled with existing serosurveys, or leverage banked samples to efficiently generate scrub typhus seroincidence estimates.
Case Report: Neurobrucellosis Presenting as Malignancy
Authors: Salcedo Andrea S. , Carreras Xosse , Kobayashi Takaaki , Salinas Jorge L. , Muñoz Sara , Diaz Nelson , Alave Jorge 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT.
Neurobrucellosis, caused by Brucella species, is a zoonotic infection that may involve the central nervous system. Although uncommon, it can manifest as a solitary intracranial mass. We report a case of neurobrucellosis in a 25-year-old woman from Peru who presented with headache, weight loss, and right-side hemiparesis and paresthesia. A contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging scan revealed an intracerebral mass in the left temporal lobe. Serum testing subsequently were positive. Brain biopsy demonstrated non-necrotizing granulomas without malignant cells. Neurobrucellosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of brain space occupying lesions in endemic countries.