bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Equal-order Finite Elements for the Hydrostatic Stokes Problem
Authors: Kimmritz Madlen , Braack Malte 
Published: April 2012

AbstractSimulation of flow phenomena in the ocean and in other large but
relatively flat basins are typically based on the so-called
primitive equations, which, among others, result from application of
the hydrostatic approximation. The crucial premise for this
approximation is the dominance of the hydrostatic balance over
remaining vertical flow phenomena in large but flat domains, which
leads to a decomposition of the three-dimensional (3D) pressure
field into a hydrostatic part and an only two-dimensional (2D)
hydrodynamic part. The former pressure can be obtained by solving
Ordinary Differential Equations. The latter one is determined by a
2D elliptic problem which can be solved quite efficiently. The
velocity field remains three dimensional. However, its vertical
component can be eliminated from the dynamic system. In this work,
we analyze such "2.5-dimensional" (2.5D) Stokes systems and
formulate stabilized finite element schemes with equal-order
interpolation. The absence of a discrete inf-sup condition is
compensated by introducing additional terms into the discrete
variational form. We show stability and give an a priori error
estimate for several established stabilized equal-order schemes, as
pressure-stabilized Petrov-Galerkin (PSPG), Galerkin least squares
(GLS) and local projection schemes (LPS) which are extended here to
the hydrostatic approximation. The basic assumption we need is a
certain property of the underlying 3D mesh. We illustrate the order
of convergence of the 2.5D problem by numerical examples and
demonstrate the effect of the hydrostatic approximation in
comparison to the full 3D problem.
Foal Rejection - Characteristics and Therapy of Inadequate Maternal Behaviour in Mares
Authors: Żurek Urszula , Danek Janusz 
Published: April 2012

Foal Rejection - Characteristics and Therapy of Inadequate Maternal Behaviour in MaresThe bond between the mare and her newborn foal is usually a strong one. However, some factors can lead to aberrations of maternal behaviour. Failure to protect and nurse the foal is defined as foal rejection. With a long period of gestation and increasingly high value of foals, foal rejection causes severe losses to breeders. Horse owners and breeders should have knowledge of risk factors, types, prevention rules and treatment of inadequate maternal behaviour. In the case of foal rejection it is important to use fostering techniques in raising such foals.
Clinical and Radiological Investigation of Thoracic Spine Extension Motion During Bilateral Arm Elevation
Authors: Edmondston Stephen , Ferguson Andrij , Ippersiel Patrick , Ronningen Lars , Sodeland Stig , Barclay Luke 
Published: April 2012

Study Design Single-cohort laboratory-based study. Objectives To measure thoracic spine extension motion during bilateral arm elevation using functional radiography and photographic image analysis. Background Impairment of thoracic spine extension motion may impact shoulder girdle function. Motion of the thoracic spine during arm movement has not been directly measured using functional radiographic analysis. Methods In 21 asymptomatic men, thoracic kyphosis was measured in neutral standing and in end-range bilateral arm elevation, using lateral radiographs and photographic image analysis. Using both measurement techniques, the difference in thoracic kyphosis between the 2 body positions was used to quantify the range of extension motion of the thoracic spine. Bland-Altman plots were used to examine the agreement between measurement techniques. The relationship between the amount of thoracic kyphosis in neutral standing and kyphosis in full bilateral arm elevation was also examined. Results The mean ± SD increase in thoracic extension with bilateral arm elevation was 12.8° ± 7.6° and 10.5° ± 4.4°, when measured from the radiographs and photographs, respectively. There was a significant correlation between the radiographic and photographic measurements of the amount of thoracic kyphosis measured in neutral posture (r = 0.71, P<.01) and for the kyphosis measured in full bilateral arm elevation (r = 0.79, P<.001). The mean difference between the 2 measurement techniques was 2.1° for kyphosis measured in neutral posture and 0.5° when measured in full bilateral arm elevation. The thoracic kyphosis angle measured in neutral posture was strongly correlated with the thoracic kyphosis angle measured in full bilateral arm elevation when measured with both radiographic (r = 0.80, P<.001) and photographic (r = 0.84, P<.001) techniques. Conclusion In asymptomatic men, bilateral arm elevation is associated with movement of the thoracic spine toward extension, but the amount of movement is variable among individuals. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012;42(10):861–869, Epub 20 April 2012. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.4164
Symptomatology and allergen types in patients presenting with allergic rhinitis
Authors: Nepali R , Sigdel B , Baniya P 
Published: April 2012

Allergic rhinitis, despite its complex patho-physiology, is a global health problem with the increasing prevalence. The current study which was conducted at one of the tertiary care center in the country comprised of 548 diagnosed cases of allergic rhinitis and thus treated during the period extending from January 2010 to June 2011. In the study, males and females were almost equally distributed, constituting the ratio of 1:0.9. Among them, the patients from 20 29 year of age group was the most commonly affected (38.1%). In our study most of the patients were housewives (30.3%) and the house dusts mites (76.3%), was the most common etiological factors. Majority of the patients presented with sneezing (86.7%) as the chief complaint. Of the total subjects, 18.6% presented with co-morbidity of allergic conjunctivitis and 8.9% with that of sinusitis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v18i1.10411 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2012; 18(1): 30-35
Carcinoma larynx in a 10-year-old girl: a rare clinical entity
Authors: Islam Md Zahidul , Ahmad Shaikh Muniruddin , Huda Md Mahmudul 
Published: April 2012

Childhood carcinoma larynx is a very rare clinical entity. A girl of 10 year-old presented with persistent and progressive sore throat with dysphagia, change of voice and respiratory distress with stridor which needed tracheostomy and nasogastric tube feeding. Indirect laryngoscopy revealed exophytic growth involving the epiglottis and ary-epiglottic folds, restricted movement of hemilarynx and compromised airway. Biopsies were positive for squamous cell carcinoma. The malnourished cachectic poor patient was referred for receiving radiotherapy. A high index of suspicion is necessary to make the diagnosis since consequences of late diagnosis are very serious. This report underscores the need for prompt evaluation of children with persistent and progressive sore throat with dysphagia.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v18i1.10422 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2012; 18(1): 68-73
Isolated chondrosarcoma of frontal sinus
Authors: Rajat Goel , Mandal PK , Sengupta S , Bera SP 
Published: April 2012

An uncommon case of chondrosarcoma involving frontal sinus is presented. Pertinent literature is reviewed to emphasize the management of this tumor at unusual site.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v18i1.10425 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2012; 18(1): 81-83
Intraspecific cytotypic variation and complicated genetic structure in the Phlox amabilis–P. woodhousei (Polemoniaceae) complex
Authors: Fehlberg Shannon D. , Ferguson Carolyn J. 
Published: April 2012

• Premise of the study: Polyploidy is widely recognized as an important process in the evolution of plants, but less attention has been paid to the study of intraspecific polyploidy, including its prevalence, formation, taxonomic implications, and effect on genetic diversity, structure, and gene flow within and among individuals and populations. Here we studied intraspecific ploidy level variation in the Phlox amabilis–P. woodhousei complex to determine the amount and distribution of cytotypic and genetic variation present and measure the extent of gene flow among species, cytotypes, and populations.• Methods: Flow cytometry and microsatellite analyses were used to ascertain cytotypic variation, genetic diversity, and population structure within and among eight populations of P. amabilis and 10 populations of P. woodhousei from Arizona and New Mexico.• Key results: Our analyses support the recognition of P. amabilis and P. woodhousei as two distinct species. Both species exhibit cytotypic variation with geographically structured diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid populations, and genetic analyses suggest a combination of auto‐ and allopolyploidy in their formation. Diploid, tetraploid, and most hexaploid populations within species share much of their genetic variation, while some hexaploid populations are genetically distinct. All populations maintain moderately high genetic diversity and connectivity, and genetic structure is strongly influenced by geography.• Conclusions: This study highlights the potential for complicated patterns of genetic variation relative to cytotypic variation and provides evidence for the role of cytotypic variation and geographic isolation in shaping diversity, differentiation, and potentially speciation in the P. amabilis–P. woodhousei complex.
Iraniens et Saoudiens à l'épreuve des révoltes arabes
Authors: Djalili Mohammad-Reza , Therme Clément 
Published: April 2012

À partir d’une même défiance vis-à-vis des éruptions démocratiques mais reposant sur des intérêts spécifiques et des relations opposées avec Washington, les jugements de Téhéran et de Riyad sur les révolutions arabes divergent fortement. D’où une véritable « guerre froide » entre les deux capitales, avec toutes les conséquences imaginables pour la région, en particulier en Irak ou en Syrie. Les deux logiques conservatrices sont ainsi mises en cause, en interne et dans leur diplomatie régionale.
Chronic Spinal Cord Injury Impairs Primary Antibody Responses but Spares Existing Humoral Immunity in Mice
Authors: Oropallo Michael A. , Held Katherine S. , Goenka Radhika , Ahmad Sifat A. , O’Neill Patrick J. , Steward Oswald , Lane Thomas E. , Cancro Michael P. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in immune depression. To better understand how injury inhibits humoral immunity, the effects of chronic thoracic SCI on B cell development and immune responses to thymus-independent type 2 and thymus-dependent Ags were determined. Mice received complete crush injury or control laminectomy at either thoracic level 3, which disrupts descending autonomic control of the spleen, or at thoracic level 9, which conserves most splenic sympathetic activity. Although mature B cell numbers were only mildly reduced, bone marrow B cell production was transiently but profoundly depressed immediately after injury. Despite the return of normal B cell production 4 wk after SCI, mice receiving thoracic level 3 injury showed a significant reduction in their ability to mount primary thymus-independent type 2 or thymus-dependent immune responses. The latter were marked by decreases in germinal center B cells as well as class-switched high-affinity Ab-secreting cells. Importantly, injury did not affect affinity maturation per se, pre-existing B cell memory, or secondary humoral immune responses. Taken together, these findings show that chronic high thoracic SCI impairs the ability to mount optimal Ab responses to new antigenic challenges, but spares previously established humoral immunity.
The Human Lactoferrin-Derived Peptide hLF1-11 Exerts Immunomodulatory Effects by Specific Inhibition of Myeloperoxidase Activity
Authors: van der Does Anne M. , Hensbergen Paul J. , Bogaards Sylvia J. , Cansoy Medine , Deelder André M. , van Leeuwen Hans C. , Drijfhout Jan W. , van Dissel Jaap T. , Nibbering Peter H. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Because of their ability to eliminate pathogens and to modulate various host immune responses, antimicrobial peptides are considered as candidate agents to fight infections by (antibiotic-resistant) pathogens. We recently reported that hLF1-11 (GRRRRSVQWCA), an antimicrobial peptide derived from the N terminus of human lactoferrin, displays diverse modulatory activities on monocytes, thereby enhancing their actions in innate immune responses. The aim of this study was to identify the cellular target of hLF1-11 that mediates these effects. Results revealed that hLF1-11 binds and subsequently penetrates human monocytes, after which it inhibits the enzymatic activities of myeloperoxidase (MPO). Moreover, a chemical inhibitor of MPO (aminobenzoic acid hydrazide) mimicked the effects of hLF1-11 on the inflammatory response by monocytes and on monocyte–macrophage differentiation. Computer-assisted molecular modeling predicted that hLF1-11 can bind to the edge of and within the crevice of the active site of MPO. Experiments with a set of hLF1-11 peptides with amino acid substitutions identified the stretch of arginines and the cysteine at position 10 as pivotal in these immunomodulatory properties of hLF1-11. We conclude that hLF1-11 may exert its modulatory effects on human monocytes by specific inhibition of MPO activity.
Complement Protein C1q Directs Macrophage Polarization and Limits Inflammasome Activity during the Uptake of Apoptotic Cells
Authors: Benoit Marie E. , Clarke Elizabeth V. , Morgado Pedro , Fraser Deborah A. , Tenner Andrea J. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Deficiency in C1q, the recognition component of the classical complement cascade and a pattern recognition receptor involved in apoptotic cell clearance, leads to lupus-like autoimmune diseases characterized by auto-antibodies to self proteins and aberrant innate immune cell activation likely due to impaired clearance of apoptotic cells. In this study, we developed an autologous system using primary human lymphocytes and human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDMs) to characterize the effect of C1q on macrophage gene expression profiles during the uptake of apoptotic cells. C1q bound to autologous apoptotic lymphocytes modulated expression of genes associated with JAK/STAT signaling, chemotaxis, immunoregulation, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in LPS-stimulated HMDMs. Specifically, C1q sequentially induced type I IFNs, IL-27, and IL-10 in LPS-stimulated HMDMs and IL-27 in HMDMs when incubated with apoptotic lymphocyte conditioned media. Coincubation with C1q tails prevented the induction of type I IFNs and IL-27 in a dose-dependent manner, and neutralization of type I IFNs partially prevented IL-27 induction by C1q. Finally, C1q decreased procaspase-1 cleavage and caspase-1–dependent cleavage of IL-1β suggesting a potent inhibitory effect of C1q on inflammasome activation. These results identify specific molecular pathways induced by C1q to suppress macrophage inflammation and provide potential therapeutic targets to control macrophage polarization and thus inflammation and autoimmunity.
Structurally Identical Capsular Polysaccharide Expressed by Intact Group B Streptococcus versus Streptococcus pneumoniae Elicits Distinct Murine Polysaccharide-Specific IgG Responses In Vivo
Authors: Arjunaraja Swadhinya , Paoletti Lawrence C. , Snapper Clifford M. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
We previously reported distinct differences in the murine in vivo Ig polysaccharide (PS)-specific responses to intact Streptococcus pneumoniae compared with responses to Neisseria meningitidis and that in each case, the bacterial subcapsular domain markedly influences the Ig response to the associated PS. In light of potentially unique contributions of biochemically distinct capsular PS and/or their characteristic attachments to the underlying bacterium, it remains unresolved whether different bacterial subcapsular domains can exert differential effects on PS-specific Ig responses to distinct bacterial pathogens. In this report, we used a mutant strain of group B Streptococcus (Streptococcus agalactiae) type III (GBS-III) that expresses desialylated capsular polysaccharide of GBS-III, biochemically identical to capsular pneumococcal polysaccharide type 14 (PPS14) of Streptococcus pneumoniae (intact inactivated Streptococcus pneumoniae, capsular type 14, Pn14), directly to compare the in vivo PPS14-specific IgG responses to two distinct Gram-positive bacteria. Although both GBS-III and Pn14 elicited relatively rapid primary PPS14-specific IgG responses dependent on CD4+ T cells, B7-dependent costimulation, and CD40–CD40L interactions, only GBS-III induced a highly boosted ICOS-dependent PPS14-specific IgG response after secondary immunization. Of note, priming with Pn14 and boosting with GBS-III, although not isolated PPS14, elicited a similar boosted PPS14-specific IgG response that was dependent on CD4+ T cells during secondary immunization, indicating that Pn14 primes for memory but, unlike GBS-III, fails to elicit it. The inability of Pn14 to elicit a boosted PPS14-specific IgG response was overcome by coimmunization with unencapsulated GBS-III. Collectively, these data establish that structurally identical capsular PS expressed by two distinct Gram-positive extracellular bacteria can indeed elicit distinct PS-specific IgG responses in vivo.
Impact of Preclinical Exposure to Organ Donation on Knowledge and Attitudes of Medical Students
Authors: Zheng Patricia , Sammann Amanda , Qiu Mary , Lee Ryan , O'Sullivan Patricia , Roberts John 
Published: April 2012

Context— Medical students receive little exposure to organ donation and procurement programs. Objective— To describe a student-run elective and its effect on participants' knowledge about and attitudes toward organ donation. Intervention— Preclinical students interacted directly with donor families, organ recipients, and donation representatives; many participated in an organ procurement with the surgical team. Design— Between 2005 and 2007, 13 students who participated in the elective and a procurement were compared with 72 students who took the elective but did not participate in a procurement and with 22 control students. Students who participated in a procurement wrote reflections about their experience. In 2010, 15 first-year students who participated in the elective and a procurement and 59 randomly selected control students completed a previously validated measure. Outcome— Themes included awe, surgical procedures, learning opportunities, and brain death. Regardless of procurement participation, the elective participants from 2005 to 2007 reported higher 4-item knowledge scores ( P < .001) than control students reported, but their 4-item attitude scores did not differ ( P = .21). The 2010 students did not differ from control students in their number of correct responses to the 20 knowledge questions ( P = .48) or their individual responses to each of the 14 attitude questions (all P > .05). Results— Although elective participants reflected positively on their experiences and professed greater knowledge than control students via a researcher-made tool, these results were not sustained with a previously validated measure. These results point to the need for careful elective design and the need for more accurate measures to study the effectiveness of such interventions.
Seligman's Theory of Attributional Style: Optimism, Pessimism, and Quality of Life after Heart Transplant
Authors: Jowsey Sheila G. , Cutshall Susanne M. , Colligan Robert C. , Stevens Susanna R. , Kremers Walter K. , Vasquez Adriana R. , Edwards Brooks S. , Daly Richard C. , McGregor Christopher G. A. 
Published: April 2012

Context— Posttransplant quality of life can be significantly affected by personality characteristics identified before transplant. Objective— Although overall quality of life in heart transplant patients improves after transplant, many studies reveal poorer mental health outcomes after transplant. We aimed to determine whether transplant recipients with an optimistic explanatory style had improved quality of life, fewer depressive symptoms, and increased survival. Design— We reviewed 68 patients who had completed a Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory a mean of 2 years before transplant and examined associations between scores on the Optimism-Pessimism scale, survival rates, and results from the Health Status Questionnaire nearly 4 years after transplant. Results— Optimism was significantly associated with higher quality of life even after age (at the time of transplant), sex, depression score before transplant, time from the personality inventory to transplant, and time from transplant to the Health Status Questionnaire were controlled for. Furthermore, a pessimistic explanatory style was significantly associated with self-reported depressive symptoms, even after depression before transplant was adjusted for. Neither optimism nor pessimism was associated with length of survival. Conclusions— Pretransplant patients with a pessimistic explanatory style reported depressive symptoms nearly 5 years later. Furthermore, over the same time span, patients with an optimistic explanatory style described a significantly higher quality of life than the pessimists described.
Daily Burdens of Recipients and Family Caregivers after Lung Transplant
Authors: Xu Jiayun , Adeboyejo Oluwatobi , Wagley Erin , Aubrecht Jill , Song Mi-Kyung , Thiry Lori , Dabbs Annette DeVito 
Published: April 2012

Context— Lung transplant recipients are prescribed a complex medical regimen that is thought to be burdensome and to interfere with daily activities of recipients and family caregivers. Yet empirical studies describing the activities that lung transplant recipients and their family caregivers perform on a typical day and the emotions associated with performing these activities are lacking. Objective— To identify the daily activities and burdens after lung transplant. Design— The Day Reconstruction Method and content analysis were used to reconstruct a typical day for lung transplant recipients and their family caregivers. Setting— The adult cardiothoracic transplant program of The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. Participants— Twenty-one dyads of lung transplant recipients and their family caregivers. Main Outcome Measures— Variables of interest included lung transplant recipients' and family caregivers' daily activities and associated emotions, sociodemographics, clinical characteristics, and patient-reported outcomes of quality of life, symptoms of depression and anxiety, and functional performance. Results— Participants reported 286 daily activities and 138 associated positive and negative emotions. No activities or emotions were uniquely reported by lung transplant recipients or caregivers, providing evidence of the shared responsibility for caregiving and health maintenance. Most activities reported by caregivers and lung transplant recipients were health-related. Compared with lung transplant recipients, caregivers reported positive emotions more often, yet reported lower overall daily mood. This finding is consistent with results of previous studies indicating that specific caregiving tasks were typically rewarding for caregivers, but overall, care giving takes its toll. Conclusion— Findings enhance our understanding of the burdens lung transplant recipients and caregivers face and point to the need for further support for dyads after lung transplant.