bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probing ionizing radiation of L ≲ 0.1 L✻ star-forming galaxies at z ≲ 3 with strong lensing
Authors: Vanzella Eros , Nonino Mario , Cristiani Stefano , Rosati Piero , Zitrin Adi , Bartelmann Matthias , Grazian Andrea , Broadhurst Tom , Meneghetti Massimo , Grillo Claudio 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
We show the effectiveness of strong lensing in the characterization of Lyman continuum emission from faint L≲ 0.1L* star-forming galaxies at redshift ≳3. Past observations of L≳L* galaxies at redshift ≳3 have provided upper limits of the average escape fraction of ionizing radiation of fesc∼ 5 per cent. Galaxies with relatively high fesc (&gt;10 per cent) seem to be particularly rare at these luminosities; there is therefore the need to explore fainter limits. Before the advent of giant ground-based telescopes, one viable way to probe fesc down to 0.05–0.15L* was to exploit strong lensing magnification. This is investigated with Monte Carlo simulations that take into account the current observational capabilities. Adopting a lensing cross-section of 10 arcmin2 within which the magnification is higher than 1 (achievable with about four to five galaxy clusters), with a U-band survey depth of 30 (30.5) (AB, 1σ), it is possible to constrain fesc for z≃ 3 star-forming galaxies down to 15 (10) per cent at 3σ for L &lt; 0.15L* luminosities. This is particularly interesting if fesc increases at fainter luminosities, as predicted from various H i reionization scenarios and radiation transfer modelling. Ongoing observational programmes on galaxy clusters are discussed and positive prospects for the future are offered, even though from space the Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) instrument represents the only option we have to investigate details of the spatial distribution of the Lyman continuum emission arising from z∼ 2–4 galaxies.
Patho‐Genes.org: a website dedicated to gene sequences of potential bioterror bacteria and PCR primers used to amplify them
Authors: Gardès Julien , Bachar Dipankar , Croce Olivier , Christen Richard 
Published: June 2012

SummaryPathogenic agents can be very hard to detect, and usually they do not cause illness for several hours or days. To improve the speed and the accuracy of detection tests and satisfy the needs of early diagnosis, molecular biology methods such as PCR are now used. However, selecting a proper target gene and designing good primers is often not easy. We present a dedicated website, http://patho‐genes.org, where we provide every sequence, functional annotation, published primer and relevant article for every annotated gene of major pathogenic bacterial species listed as key agents to be used for a bioterrorism attack. Each published primer was analysed to determine its melting temperature, its specificity and its coverage (i.e. its sensitivity against every allele of its target gene). Data generated have been organized in the form of data sheet for each gene, which are available through multiple browser panels and query systems.
The biology of small, introduced populations, with special reference to biological control
Authors: Fauvergue Xavier , Vercken Elodie , Malausa Thibaut , Hufbauer Ruth A. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPopulations are introduced into novel environments in different contexts, one being the biological control of pests. Despite intense efforts, less than half introduced biological control agents establish. Among the possible approaches to improve biological control, one is to better understand the processes that underpin introductions and contribute to ecological and evolutionary success. In this perspective, we first review the demographic and genetic processes at play in small populations, be they stochastic or deterministic. We discuss the theoretical outcomes of these different processes with respect to individual fitness, population growth rate, and establishment probability. Predicted outcomes differ subtly in some cases, but enough so that the evaluating results of introductions have the potential to reveal which processes play important roles in introduced populations. Second, we attempt to link the theory we have discussed with empirical data from biological control introductions. A main result is that there are few available data, but we nonetheless report on an increasing number of well‐designed, theory‐driven, experimental approaches. Combining demography and genetics from both theoretical and empirical perspectives highlights novel and exciting avenues for research on the biology of small, introduced populations, and great potential for improving both our understanding and practice of biological control.
The association between anxiety and the degree of illness in mild obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Lehto Soili Marianne , Sahlman Johanna , Soini Erkki Jaakko , Gylling Helena , Vanninen Esko , Seppä Juha , Viinamäki Heimo , Tuomilehto Henri 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIntroductionObstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) has been reported to associate with anxiety, but earlier observations are scarce and the role of the persistence of anxiety in this connection is unclear.ObjectivesTo examine the associations between OSA and anxiety, and in particular clarify the observations regarding the role of the persistence of anxiety in this connection.MethodsA total of 61 overweight patients with mild OSA participated in a 12‐month lifestyle modification study and reported the presence of anxiety both at baseline and on 12‐month follow up. They were divided into three groups (no anxiety, n = 25; past anxiety, n = 13; persistent anxiety, n = 23), and the degree of illness was assessed with the apnoea‐hypopnea index (AHI).ResultsThe persistence of anxiety was linearly associated with the AHI (P = 0.025), which was highest in individuals with persistent anxiety. The likelihood of belonging to the group with persistent anxiety increased 18% for each one‐unit increase in the AHI in a model adjusted for age, gender and bodyfat % (odds ratio 1.18, 95% confidence interval 1.03–1.34, P = 0.014). Further adjustments for daytime sleepiness and the effect of participating in the lifestyle modification intervention did not alter this finding.ConclusionOur observations suggest that the persistence of anxiety is independently associated with elevated levels of sleep‐disordered breathing and that lifestyle modification interventions with a focus on diet and exercise alone may not be sufficient to treat OSA in individuals with simultaneous persistent anxiety.Please cite this paper as:
Lehto SM, Sahlman J, Soini EJ, Gylling H, Vanninen E, Seppä J, Viinamäki H and Tuomilehto H. . Clin Respir J 2012; 7: 197–203.
Metabolomics as a Key Integrator for “Omic” Advancement of Personalized Medicine and Future Therapies
Authors: Eckhart Andrea D. , Beebe Kirk , Milburn Mike 
Published: June 2012

AbstractInvestigation into biological complexity, whether for a better understanding of disease or drug process, is a monumental task plaguing investigators. The lure of “omic” technologies for circumventing much of these challenges has led to widespread efforts and adoption. It is becoming clearer that a single “omic” approach (e.g., genomics) is often insufficient for completely defining the complexity in these biological systems. Hence, there is an increasing awareness that a “systems” approach will serve to increase resolution and confidence and provide a strong foundation for further hypothesis‐driven investigation. Although certain metabolites are already considered clinically important, the profiling of metabolites via metabolomics (the profiling of metabolites to fully characterize metabolic pathways) is the most recent to mature of these “omic” technologies and has been only recently adopted as compared to genomic or proteomic approaches in systems inquiries. Recent reports suggest that this “omic” may well be a key data stream in systems investigations for endeavors in personalized medicine and biomarker identification, as it seems most closely relevant to the phenotype. Clin Trans Sci 2012; Volume #: 1–4
Where do national and local conservation actions meet? Simulating the expansion of ad hoc and systematic approaches to conservation into the future in Fiji
Authors: Mills Morena , Adams Vanessa M. , Pressey Robert L. , Ban Natalie C. , Jupiter Stacy D. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe marginal benefits of systematic over ad hoc selection of protected areas are rarely measured, even though this information is crucial to investing limited conservation resources effectively. We developed a method to predict the marginal benefits of systematic over ad hoc approaches to conservation over time. We tested it in Fiji, where ambitious national conservation goals for inshore marine waters rely on community support to implement the required management. We used Maxent to develop a suitability layer for different forms of marine resource management based on predictors derived from interviews with key informants. This suitability layer, together with data on established marine protected areas (MPAs) and the software Marxan with Zones, informed simulations of the expansion of ad hoc and systematic conservation. With the same constraints on the additional extent of MPAs, the ad hoc approach achieved quantitative conservation objectives for half the ecosystems in our analysis, although all objectives were achieved or nearly achieved with the systematic approach. By defining the likely upper and lower bounds of plausible futures given different decisions about conservation investments, this work was designed to guide conservation strategies and actions in Fiji. This work is currently influencing the development of policies in Fiji to promote more strategic use of limited conservation resources.
Genome Sequence of Sphingomonas wittichii DP58, the First Reported Phenazine-1-Carboxylic Acid-Degrading Strain
Authors: Ma Zhiwei , Shen Xuemei , Hu Hongbo , Wang Wei , Peng Huasong , Xu Ping , Zhang Xuehong 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT

Sphingomonas wittichii
DP58 (CCTCC M 2012027), the first reported phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA)-degrading strain, was isolated from pimiento rhizosphere soils. Here we present a 5.6-Mb assembly of its genome. This sequence would contribute to the elucidation of the molecular mechanism of PCA degradation to improve the antifungal's effectiveness or remove superfluous PCA.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Human Pathogen Streptomyces somaliensis, a Significant Cause of Actinomycetoma
Authors: Kirby Ralph , Sangal Vartul , Tucker Nicholas P. , Zakrzewska-Czerwińska Jolanta , Wierzbicka Katarzyna , Herron Paul R. , Chu Chun-Jong , Chandra Govind , Fahal Ahmed H. , Goodfellow Michael , Hoskisson Paul A. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT

We report the draft genome sequence of the human pathogen
Streptomyces somaliensis
(DSM 40738), a pathogen within a genus of largely saprophytic organisms.
S. somaliensis
causes severe and debilitating deep tissue and bone infections. The genome sequence is deposited in DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank with the accession number
AJJM01000000
.
Genome Sequence of Fibrella aestuarina BUZ 2
T
, a Filamentous Marine Bacterium
Authors: Filippini Manuela , Qi Weihong , Blom Jochen , Goesmann Alexander , Smits Theo H. M. , Bagheri Homayoun C. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT

Fibrella aestuarina
BUZ 2
T
is the type strain of the recently characterized genus
Fibrella
. Here we report the draft genome sequence of this strain, which consists of a single scaffold representing the chromosome (with 11 gaps) and a 161-kb circular plasmid.
Genome Sequence of Bacillus licheniformis WX-02
Authors: Yangtse Wuming , Zhou Yinhua , Lei Yang , Qiu Yimin , Wei Xuetuan , Ji Zhixia , Qi Gaofu , Yong Yangchun , Chen Lingling , Chen Shouwen 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT

Bacillus licheniformis
is an important bacterium that has been used extensively for large-scale industrial production of exoenzymes and peptide antibiotics.
B. licheniformis
WX-02 produces poly-gamma-glutamate increasingly when fermented under stress conditions. Here its genome sequence (4,270,104 bp, with G+C content of 46.06%), which comprises a circular chromosome, is announced.
Draft Genome Sequence of Thermus sp. Strain RL, Isolated from a Hot Water Spring Located atop the Himalayan Ranges at Manikaran, India
Authors: Dwivedi Vatsala , Sangwan Naseer , Nigam Aeshna , Garg Nidhi , Niharika Neha , Khurana Paramjit , Khurana Jitendra P. , Lal Rup 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT

Thermus
sp. strain RL was isolated from a hot water spring (90°C to 98°C) at Manikaran, Himachal Pradesh, India. Here we report the draft genome sequence (20,36,600 bp) of this strain. The draft genome sequence consists of 17 contigs and 1,986 protein-coding sequences and has an average G+C content of 68.77%.
Membrane Proteases in the Bacterial Protein Secretion and Quality Control Pathway
Authors: Dalbey Ross E. , Wang Peng , van Dijl Jan Maarten 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYProteolytic cleavage of proteins that are permanently or transiently associated with the cytoplasmic membrane is crucially important for a wide range of essential processes in bacteria. This applies in particular to the secretion of proteins and to membrane protein quality control. Major progress has been made in elucidating the structure-function relationships of many of the responsible membrane proteases, including signal peptidases, signal peptide hydrolases, FtsH, the rhomboid protease GlpG, and the site 1 protease DegS. These enzymes employ very different mechanisms to cleave substrates at the cytoplasmic and extracytoplasmic membrane surfaces or within the plane of the membrane. This review highlights the different ways that bacterial membrane proteases degrade their substrates, with special emphasis on catalytic mechanisms and substrate delivery to the respective active sites.
Subversion of Host Recognition and Defense Systems by Francisella spp
Authors: Jones Crystal L. , Napier Brooke A. , Sampson Timothy R. , Llewellyn Anna C. , Schroeder Max R. , Weiss David S. 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYFrancisella tularensisis a Gram-negative intracellular pathogen and the causative agent of the disease tularemia. Inhalation of as few as 10 bacteria is sufficient to cause severe disease, makingF. tularensisone of the most highly virulent bacterial pathogens. The initial stage of infection is characterized by the “silent” replication of bacteria in the absence of a significant inflammatory response.Francisellaachieves this difficult task using several strategies: (i) strong integrity of the bacterial surface to resist host killing mechanisms and the release of inflammatory bacterial components (pathogen-associated molecular patterns [PAMPs]), (ii) modification of PAMPs to prevent activation of inflammatory pathways, and (iii) active modulation of the host response by escaping the phagosome and directly suppressing inflammatory pathways. We review the specific mechanisms by whichFrancisellaachieves these goals to subvert host defenses and promote pathogenesis, highlighting as-yet-unanswered questions and important areas for future study.
Why does Scotland have a higher suicide rate than England? An area-level investigation of health and social factors
Authors: Mok Pearl L H , Leyland Alastair H , Kapur Navneet , Windfuhr Kirsten , Appleby Louis , Platt Stephen , Webb Roger T 
Published: June 2012

BackgroundUp until the mid–late 2000s, the national suicide rate in Scotland was the highest among all the UK countries, but the reasons for this phenomenon are poorly understood.MethodsIn a multilevel study of suicide risk in Scotland and England during 2001–2006, the authors examined a range of social, cultural and health-related factors at small area level: postcode sector and Health Board in Scotland and ward and Primary Care Organisation in England.ResultsScotland's national suicide rate was 79% higher than in England (rate ratio 1.79, 95% CI 1.62 to 1.98), with younger male and female Scots aged 15–44 years having double the risk compared with their English peers. Overall, 57% of the excess suicide risk in Scotland was explained by a range of area-level measures, including prescriptions for psychotropic drugs, alcohol and drug use, socioeconomic deprivation, social fragmentation, and other health-related indices. The use of psychotropic drugs, acting as a proxy measure for mental ill health, was the variable most strongly associated with the between-country differences in suicide risk. Alcohol misuse also made an important contribution to the differentials. Overall, the contribution of socioeconomic deprivation and social fragmentation was relatively small.ConclusionsAny attempt to reverse the divergent trend in suicide between Scotland and England will require initiatives to prevent and treat mental ill health and to tackle alcohol and drug misuse. Differences in prescribing rates, however, may also be explained by differences in illness behaviour or the availability of psychosocial interventions, and addressing these may also reduce Scotland's excess risk.
Pickled Food and Risk of Gastric Cancer—a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of English and Chinese Literature
Authors: Ren Jian-Song , Kamangar Farin , Forman David , Islami Farhad 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Background: Ecological and experimental studies have suggested an increased risk of gastric cancer in relation to consumption of pickled vegetables in East Asia.
Methods: We conducted a meta-analysis of epidemiologic observational studies to evaluate the existing evidence. Searching PubMed, Vip Chinese Periodical, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases, we found a total of 60 studies, 50 case–control, and 10 prospective. We compared gastric cancer risk in pickled vegetable/food users versus nonusers (11 studies) or versus those in the lowest reported category of use (49 studies). Pooled results were computed with random-effects models.
Results: Among case–control studies, 30 showed significant increased risk and one showed significant decreased risk. Among prospective studies, two showed a significant increased risk but none showed a significant decreased risk. The OR (95% CI) was 1.52 (1.37–1.68) for the overall association, 1.56 (1.39–1.75) for case–control, and 1.32 (1.10–1.59) for cohort studies. The OR (95% CI) was 1.89 (1.29–2.77) in Korean, 1.86 (1.61–2.15) in Chinese, and 1.16 (1.04–1.29) in Japanese studies, and 1.14 (0.96–1.35) in studies from other countries. There was high heterogeneity in overall and subgroup analyses. There was little evidence for publication bias.
Conclusion: Our results suggest a potential 50% higher risk of gastric cancer associated with intake of pickled vegetables/foods and perhaps stronger associations in Korea and China.
Impact: The results of this study may offer ways to reduce the risk of gastric cancer in highly populated areas with high incidence of gastric cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(6); 905–15. ©2012 AACR.
Oral Bisphosphonates and Risk of Esophageal Cancer: A Dose-Intensity Analysis in a Nationwide Population
Authors: Ho Yunn-Fang , Lin Jaw-Town , Wu Chun-Ying 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Background: Esophageal cancer has been associated with oral bisphosphonate use, but current data are conflicting and devoid of Asian studies where esophageal squamous carcinoma prevails.
Methods: We assessed the association between dose intensity, stratified by use duration (observation period) and exposure frequency, of oral bisphosphonates and the risk of esophageal cancer using 16,204 esophageal cancer cases and 64,816 malignancy-free controls identified from the population-based National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan from 1997 to 2008.
Results: Neither duration nor frequency of bisphosphonate exposures was positively correlated to esophageal cancer risk. The ORs for rare users of 1-, 3-, 5-year observation periods were 3.86, 2.58, and 2.27, respectively (P &lt; 0.001). Similar trend of descending ORs was also observed for rare-, frequent-, and regular users of 1-year observation period (ORs = 3.86, 1.93, and 0.95, respectively).
Conclusion: Our data suggest that bisphosphonates are not likely risk factors for esophageal cancer in Taiwan.
Impact: The study shows no evidence of an association between bisphosphonate use and esophageal cancer risk from Asian perspective. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(6); 993–5. ©2012 AACR.
The Use of Hexamethonium in Treatment of Arteriosclerosis Obliterans
Authors: WINDESHEIM JOHN H. , ROTH GRACE M. , GIFFORD RAY W. 
Published: June 2012

The effect of hexamethonium on hypertension has been widely studied but its effect on the peripheral blood vessels of patients with severe occlusive vascular disease has been studied on only a few patients although the drug has been used empirically in the treatment of such disease.
Observations were made on the effect of hexamethonium ion administered subcutaneously in increasing doses of 10 to 50 mg. on the skin temperature of the fingers and toes, the blood pressure and the pulse rates of a group of patients with severe arteriosclerosis obliterans. On this group of patients hexamethonium had little or no effect.
The Clinical Results in the First Five Hundred Patients with Mitral Stenosis Undergoing Valvuloplasty
Authors: ELLIS LAURENCE B. , HARKEN DWIGHT E. 
Published: June 2012

A report is made of the clinical results in the first 500 patients operated on by mitral valvuloplasty in whom a preoperative diagnosis of predominant mitral stenosis had been made. The operation appears to offer some protection against late peripheral embolization.
Four hundred forty of 442 surviving patients have been followed for periods of from six months to five years. Seventy seven per cent of the entire group are significantly improved. Thirty one per cent have had one or more attacks of a postoperative syndrome, but in only 7 per cent has there been clear-cut evidence of active rheumatic fever. Improvement in objective clinical findings, in particular in cardiac murmurs, heart size and the electrocardiogram, have been less striking than the subjective improvement.