bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of carbon dioxide inhalation on pulmonary hypertension induced by increased blood flow and hypoxia
Authors: Chuang I‐Chun , Yang Rei‐Cheng , Chou Shah‐Hwa , Huang Li‐Ru , Tsai Tsen‐Ni , Dong Huei‐Ping , Huang Ming‐Shyan 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThere is now increasing evidence from the experimental and clinical setting that therapeutic hypercapnia from intentionally inspired carbon dioxide (CO2) or lower tidal volume might be a beneficial adjunct to the strategies of mechanical ventilation in critical illness. Although previous reports indicate that CO2 exerts a beneficial effect in the lungs, the pulmonary vascular response to hypercapnia under various conditions remains to be clarified. The purpose of the present study is to characterize the pulmonary vascular response to CO2 under the different conditions of pulmonary hypertension secondary to increased pulmonary blood flow and secondary to hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. Isolated rat lung (n = 32) was used to study (1) the vasoactive action of 5% CO2 in either N2 (hypoxic‐hypercapnia) or air (normoxic‐hypercapnia) at different pulmonary arterial pressure levels induced by graded speed of perfusion flow and (2) the role of nitric oxide (NO) in mediating the pulmonary vascular response to hypercapnia, hypoxia, and flow‐associated pulmonary hypertension. The results indicated that inhaled CO2 reversed pulmonary hypertension induced by hypoxia but not by flow alteration. Endogenous NO attenuates hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction but does not augment the CO2‐induced vasodilatation. Acute change in blood flow does not alter the endogenous NO production.
Structural changes and immunohistochemical localisation of epidermal growth factor receptor in the true vocal fold of female albino rats administered anabolic, androgenic steroids, and effects of anti-androgen therapy
Authors: Amer H E , Asker S A , Mazroa S A 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackground:Anabolic steroid abuse by women is associated with a number of adverse effects, including laryngeal changes. The epidermal growth factor receptor is related to regulation of the cell life cycle. This study aimed to investigate the structural changes and immunohistochemical localisation of epidermal growth factor receptor in rat vocal folds following anabolic steroid administration, and also to assess the effect of anti-androgens.Material and methods:Thirty-two adult female albino rats were divided into: group I (controls), group II (receiving anabolic steroids for two months) or group III (receiving anabolic steroids plus anti-androgen for two months).Results:Group II rat true vocal folds showed thicker epithelial layers with many mitotic figures, thicker lamina propria and thicker muscle fibres; epithelial cells were also immunohistochemically positive for epidermal growth factor receptor. Group III rats showed similar changes, but thin muscle fibres and extravasated red blood cells within the lamina propria.Conclusion:Anabolic steroids caused structural and immunohistochemical changes within the female rat true vocal fold. Co-administration of anti-androgens did not prevent these changes, suggesting that anti-androgens have a limited role in the management of such changes in humans.
Drug-free patients with major depression show an increased electrophysiological response to valid and invalid feedback
Authors: Mies G. W. , van der Veen F. M. , Tulen J. H. M. , Birkenhäger T. K. , Hengeveld M. W. , van der Molen M. W. 
Published: May 2011

BackgroundDepressed patients are biased in their response to negative information. They have been found to show a maladaptive behavioral and aberrant electrophysiological response to negative feedback. The aim of this study was to investigate the behavioral and electrophysiological response to feedback validity in drug-free depressed patients.MethodFifteen drug-free in-patients with unipolar major depression disorder (MDD) and 30 demographically matched controls performed a time-estimation task in which they received valid and invalid (i.e. related and unrelated to performance) positive and negative feedback. The number of behavioral adjustments to the feedback and the feedback-related negativity (FRN) were measured.ResultsPatients made fewer correct adjustments after valid negative feedback than controls, and their FRNs were larger. Neither patients nor controls adjusted their time estimates following invalid negative feedback.ConclusionsThe FRN results suggest that depressed drug-free in-patients have an atypical rostral anterior cingulate response to feedback that is independent of feedback validity. Their behavioral response to invalid negative feedback, however, is not impaired. This study confirms the notion that the behavioral responses of depressed individuals to negative feedback are context dependent.
Results of early foetal echocardiography and cumulative detection rate of congenital heart disease
Authors: Hartge David R. , Weichert Jan , Krapp Martin , Germer Ute , Gembruch Ulrich , Axt-Fliedner Roland 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study is to evaluate the cumulative detection rate of foetal echocardiography during gestation and in the early neonatal period, with a special emphasis on early foetal echocardiography.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective survey of all singleton pregnancies from 1993 to 2007, with complete sequential echocardiography from 11 plus 0 to 13 plus 6 weeks of gestation. It was mandatory to have at least one foetal echocardiography in the second or third trimester and one postnatally.ResultsOur study included 3521 pregnancies, in which 77 cases were diagnosed with congenital heart disease. Of them, 66 were detected in the first trimester – 11 plus 0 to 11 plus 6 weeks: 22 cases; 12 plus 0 to 12 plus 6 weeks: 23 cases; 13 plus 0 to 13 plus 6 weeks: 21 cases – with an 85.7% detection rate of congenital heart disease in early foetal echocardiography. In the second trimester, seven cases were found, with a detection rate of 9.1%. The third trimester reported two cases, with a detection rate of 2.6%. Postnatally, two (2.6%) cases were detected. The overall in utero detection rate of congenital heart disease was 97.4%.ConclusionsFoetal echocardiography performed at the time of anomaly screening in the first trimester results in high detection rates of congenital heart disease. Cardiac pathology may evolve, and further examinations at later stages of pregnancy could improve the detection rate of congenital heart disease.
Follow-up of tetralogy of Fallot patients: tertiary centre versus satellite clinic
Authors: Hancock Friesen Camille L. , Robertson Mark , Liu David , Burton Haley , Fleming Katherine , Jackson Simon , Warren Andrew E. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackgroundCanadian Cardiovascular Society consensus guidelines recommend that tetralogy of Fallot patients be seen by a congenital cardiologist every 2 years. In Atlantic Canada, tetralogy of Fallot patients are followed up at either tertiary or satellite clinics, which are held in the community and attended by paediatric cardiologists. The effectiveness of satellite clinics in congenital cardiac disease follow-up is unproven. Our objective was to compare patient-reported quality of life measures to determine whether these were impacted by the site of follow-up.MethodsWe included patients with tetralogy of Fallot undergoing surgical repair at the Izaak Walton Killam Health Centre from 1 November, 1972 to 31 May, 2002. Quality of life surveys, SF-10 or SF-36v2, were administered to consenting patients. We analysed the subjective health status by patient age and site of follow-up.ResultsOf the 184 eligible patients, 72 were lost to follow-up. Of the locatable patients, 61% completed the questionnaires. In all, 90% (101 out of 112) were followed up at recommended intervals. Of the 112 (68%) patients, 76 were followed up at a tertiary clinic. These patients were older, with a mean age of 18.4 years versus 14.7 years, and scored higher on the SF-36 physical component summary (52.6 versus 45.7, p = 0.02) compared with satellite clinic patients. The SF-36 mental component summary scores were similar for patients regardless of the site of follow-up. SF-10 physical and psychosocial scores were similar regardless of the site of follow-up.ConclusionTetralogy of Fallot patients followed at either satellite or tertiary clinics have similar subjective health status.
RNA Vaccine: novel approach for cancer treatment
Authors: Dwivedi L K , Goswami Prateeksha , Bhalla Kanika 
Published: May 2011

AbstractCancer is still an unsolved puzzle and a major cause of mortality and morbidity in the world. Today, about one in every thousand people is dying due to cancer. No effective agent has yet been found which can cure cancer in its metastatic stage. However, attempts in the shape of chemotherapy, immunotherapy and vaccines are made worldwide to find a remedy through a proper regimen. In continuation, tumor specific mRNA has been introduced as part of vaccines in recent days. It is mostly used in transfection with Dendritic Cells (DCs) for better effectiveness and safety. The DCs are selected for transfection because they are highly potent Antigen Presenting Cells (APCs) with the ability to take up & process tumor antigen in peripheral blood & tissues and can also migrate to the draining lymph nodes to present antigen to naïve T lymphocytes & induce the immune response.Although initially the RNA vaccination was administered alone, due to its unstable and easily degradable nature, it was found to be quite less effective, which led it to be used in combination with some stability enhancers’ viz. RNA packaging in liposomes. They not only increased its stability, but even worked as active immune stimulators as well. RNA could remain stable. Although it showed significant promise in cancer treatment, immune suppression was noticed after vaccination. To enhance the effectiveness it is now being used in combination with few drugs viz. SUNITINIB which can reduce the suppressive effect of suppressor cells. It might be a good choice for combined therapy with RNA vaccine.
Tuberculosis vaccine: pipeline approaches and future prospective
Authors: Dwivedi L K , Singh Ankita , Yadav Poonam 
Published: May 2011

AbstractTuberculosis (TB), despite anti-mycobacterial therapies and vaccine, is a deadly infectious disease with about 12 million incident cases worldwide. Existing Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is unquestionably inexpensive, safe and effective against severe forms of childhood TB but appears to be limited in effectiveness against adult pulmonary disease in endemic areas. Genetic variation in the population is the major obstruction inhibiting validation of biomarkers for protective human immunity against TB. Since current TB cases are presenting new challenges with threats of HIV co-infection therefore various attempts at a global platform are being made to develop a new modified vaccine against it. Consequently, Modified Vaccinia Ankara virus (MVA) vectored MPT64 & Ag85A delivery and polyvalent DNA vaccine, expressing an ESAT6–Ag85B fusion protein etc. are preclinically tested for boosted immune effects. However, better vaccine approaches still need to be developed against M. tuberculosis which can be unbeaten in most infected areas.
Considerate Approaches to Achieving Sufficiency for ABC Model Selection
Authors: Barnes Chris , Filippi Sarah , Stumpf Michael , Thorne Tom 
Published: May 2011

AbstractABC methods have gained popularity in situations where traditional methods which involve explicit evaluation of likelihoods are either too cumbersome or fail outright. This, almost by definition means that for any interesting real-world scenario we have no or little recourse to sufficient statistics, which had previously been central to ABC approaches and their derivation. In the context of model selection this can have particularly undesirable consequences if we have to compress the data through the use of summary statistics. In this talk we discuss complementary approaches that allow us to address this problem in a principled manner, and outline the scenarios where ABC model selection is unproblematic. We will argue that many of the most interesting applications of ABC do not use summary statistics, and that in other cases it is possible to achieve sufficiency through judicious combination of different statistics, or use of empirical likelihoods.
Regulation of virulence in Francisella tularensis by small non-coding RNAs
Authors: Postic Guillaume , Frapy Eric , Dupuis Marion , Dubail Iharilalao , Livny Jonathan , Charbit Alain , Meibom Karin 
Published: May 2011

AbstractUsing a cDNA cloning and sequencing approach we have shown that Francisella tularensis expresses homologues of several small RNAs(sRNAs) that are well-conserved among diverse bacteria. We have also discovered two abundant putative sRNAs that share no sequence similarity or conserved genomic context with any previously annotated regulatory transcripts. Deletion of either of these two loci led to significant changes in the expression of several mRNAs that likely include the cognate target(s) of these sRNAs. Deletion of these sRNAs did not, however, significantly alter F. tularensis growth under various stress conditions in vitro, its replication in murine cells, or its ability to induce disease in a mouse model of F. tularensis infection.
Detection of DNA of genetically modified maize by a silicon nanowire field-effect transistor
Authors: Pham Van Binh , Tung Pham Xuan Thanh , Duong Dang Ngoc Thuy , Tuyen Le Thi Thanh , Tran Phu Duy , Nguyen Thanh Chien , Nguyen Van Quoc , Dang Mau Chien , van Rijn Cees J M , Tong Duy Hien 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
A silicon nanowire field-effect transistor based sensor (SiNW-FET) has been proved to be the most sensitive and powerful device for bio-detection applications. In this paper, SiNWs were first fabricated by using our recently developed deposition and etching under angle technique (DEA), then used to build up the complete SiNW device based biosensor. The fabricated SiNW biosensor was used to detect DNA of genetically modified maize. As the DNA of the genetically modified maize has particular DNA sequences of 35S promoter, we therefore designed 21 mer DNA oligonucleotides, which are used as a receptor to capture the transferred DNA of maize. In our work, the SiNW biosensor could detect DNA of genetically modified maize with concentrations down to about 200 pM.
Examining changes in Irish fishing practices in response to the cod long-term plan
Authors: Davie Sarah , Lordan Colm 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Davie, S., and Lordan, C. 2011. Examining changes in Irish fishing practices in response to the cod long-term plan. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 1638–1646. In 2009, there were marked changes in Irish demersal fishing effort owing to the implementation of a new cod long-term plan (CLTP). This replaced previous top-down cod recovery plans, first implemented in 2002, that set days-at-sea limits for fishing vessels. The new plan specifies a harvest control rule, annual effort ceilings for EU Member States, and rules for adapting fishing effort. It encourages cod avoidance, but leaves Member States to allocate effort between individual vessels. During 2009, effort was allocated through a series of pilot schemes in Ireland. These can be considered as an evolution towards co-management. Industry and state authorities worked closely together to develop strategies for effort management and cod avoidance. The impact of recent effort-management measures on the Irish fleet, fishery, and métiers affected by the CLTP is evaluated. Vessel movements within and between métiers are described and discussed, and unintended impacts resulting from the implementation of management schemes are highlighted. In future, possible fishers' responses to policy initiatives should be considered prior to implementation to minimize potentially adverse consequences.
Comparing demersal fish assemblages between periods of contrasting climate and fishing pressure
Authors: ter Hofstede Remment , Rijnsdorp Adriaan D. 
Published: May 2011

Abstractter Hofstede, R., and Rijnsdorp, A. D. 2011. Comparing demersal fish assemblages between periods of contrasting climate and fishing pressure. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 1189–1198. Fish communities are dynamic and their structure is known to change over time. Traditionally, these changes were considered to be fisheries-induced, but recent analyses also suggest that global warming could affect the distribution, abundance, and assemblage composition of marine fish. However, disentangling the effects of fisheries and those resulting from climate change is difficult, because both potential drivers act simultaneously. In our study, we distinguished between the effects of fisheries and climate change on the fish assemblage of the southern North Sea by comparing survey catch data for that region during four unique periods throughout the past century, characterized by (i) low fishing pressure during a cold period (1902–1908), (ii) low fishing pressure during a warm period (1950–1956), (iii) high fishing pressure during a cold period (1978–1984), and (iv) high fishing pressure during a warm period (2002–2008). Our analysis indicates that the demersal fish community in the southern North Sea has changed in response to changes in both climate and fishing pressure. Our results suggest both a relatively higher richness of Lusitanian (warm-favouring) species compared with boreal (cool-favouring) species, and a lower mean body size of the fish community during times of warming, independent of fishing pressure.
Closed-loop Continuous Infusions of Etomidate and Etomidate Analogs in Rats
Authors: Cotten Joseph F. , Le Ge Ri , Banacos Natalie , Pejo Ervin , Husain S. Shaukat , Williams James H. , Raines Douglas E. 
Published: May 2011

Background
Etomidate is a sedative-hypnotic that is often given as a single intravenous bolus but rarely as an infusion because it suppresses adrenocortical function. Methoxycarbonyl etomidate and (R)-ethyl 1-(1-phenylethyl)-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate (carboetomidate) are etomidate analogs that do not produce significant adrenocortical suppression when given as a single bolus. However, the effects of continuous infusions on adrenocortical function are unknown. In this study, we compared the effects of continuous infusions of etomidate, methoxycarbonyl etomidate, and carboetomidate on adrenocortical function in a rat model.

Methods
A closed-loop system using the electroencephalographic burst suppression ratio as the feedback was used to administer continuous infusions of etomidate, methoxycarbonyl etomidate, or carboetomidate to Sprague-Dawley rats. Adrenocortical function was assessed during and after infusion by repetitively administering adrenocorticotropic hormone 1-24 and measuring serum corticosterone concentrations every 30 min.

Results
The sedative-hypnotic doses required to maintain a 40% burst suppression ratio in the presence of isoflurane, 1%, and the rate of burst suppression ratio recovery on infusion termination varied (methoxycarbonyl etomidate > carboetomidate > etomidate). Serum corticosterone concentrations were reduced by 85% and 56% during 30-min infusions of etomidate and methoxycarbonyl etomidate, respectively. On infusion termination, serum corticosterone concentrations recovered within 30 min with methoxycarbonyl etomidate but persisted beyond an hour with etomidate. Carboetomidate had no effect on serum corticosterone concentrations during or after continuous infusion.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that methoxycarbonyl etomidate and carboetomidate may have clinical utility as sedative-hypnotic maintenance agents when hemodynamic stability is desirable.
The YopJ superfamily in plant‐associated bacteria
Authors: LEWIS JENNIFER D. , LEE AMY , MA WENBO , ZHOU HUANBIN , GUTTMAN DAVID S. , DESVEAUX DARRELL 
Published: May 2011

SUMMARYBacterial pathogens employ the type III secretion system to secrete and translocate effector proteins into their hosts. The primary function of these effector proteins is believed to be the suppression of host defence responses or innate immunity. However, some effector proteins may be recognized by the host and consequently trigger a targeted immune response. The YopJ/HopZ/AvrRxv family of bacterial effector proteins is a widely distributed and evolutionarily diverse family, found in both animal and plant pathogens, as well as plant symbionts. How can an effector family effectively promote the virulence of pathogens on hosts from two separate kingdoms? Our understanding of the evolutionary relationships among the YopJ superfamily members provides an excellent opportunity to address this question and to investigate the functions and virulence strategies of a diverse type III effector family in animal and plant hosts. In this work, we briefly review the literature on YopJ, the archetypal member from Yersinia pestis, and discuss members of the superfamily in species of Pseudomonas, Xanthomonas, Ralstonia and Rhizobium. We review the molecular and cellular functions, if known, of the YopJ homologues in plants, and highlight the diversity of responses in different plant species, with a particular focus on the Pseudomonas syringae HopZ family. The YopJ superfamily provides an excellent foundation for the study of effector diversification in the context of wide‐ranging, co‐evolutionary interactions.
Validation of cardiac output measurement with the LiDCOTM pulse contour system in patients with impaired left ventricular function after cardiac surgery*
Authors: Mora B. , Ince I. , Birkenberg B. , Skhirtladze K. , Pernicka E. , Ankersmit H. J. , Dworschak M. 
Published: May 2011

SummaryAfter cardiac surgery, patients with low left ventricular ejection fraction probably benefit the most from accurate monitoring of continuous cardiac output. Thirty patients with impaired ventricular function were studied, and intermittent bolus thermodilution and continuous pulse contour (LiDCO plusTM) cardiac output compared. Following lithium dilution calibration, a total of 220 paired results were recorded. Thermodilution and LiDCO measurements ranged from 2.3 to 11.0 and 2.6 to 10.8 l.min−1, respectively. Corresponding means (SD) were 6.1 (1.6) and 6.2 (1.9) l.min−1, with coefficients of variance of 26 and 31%, respectively. The correlation coefficient was 0.82, bias 0.28 l.min−1 with upper and lower limits of agreement 1.96 and −1.41 l.min−1; the percentage error was 27%. LiDCO showed good correlation, marginal bias and acceptable limits of agreement and percentage error. It could therefore potentially replace thermodilution as a means of measuring cardiac output in the ICU, particularly when determination of pulmonary artery pressure is not required.
Comparison of tracheal intubation with the Airway Scope or Clarus Video System in patients with cervical collars
Authors: Kim J. K. , Kim J. A. , Kim C. S. , Ahn H. J. , Yang M. K. , Choi S. J. 
Published: May 2011

SummaryTracheal intubations with the Airway Scope or the Clarus Video System, a new rigid fibrescope, were compared in 140 patients whose necks were immobilised by cervical collars. The time for intubation, success rate, number of attempts and number of optimisation manoeuvres were assessed. Mean (SD) intubation time was longer with the Airway Scope (30.4 (16.5) s) than with the Clarus Video System (18.9 (15.2) s; p = 0.003) and the median (IQR [range]) number of optimisation manoeuvres was also marginally different; 0 (0–1 [0–2]) with the Airway Scope, 0 (0–0 [0–2]) with the Clarus Video System; p = 0.004. The tracheas of 67 (95.7%) and 66 (94.3%) patients were successfully intubated with the Airway Scope and the Clarus Video System, respectively (p = 1.0). The number of attempts, vital signs and complications were not different between devices. The Clarus Video System was comparable to the Airway Scope in the success rate for tracheal intubation, but provided faster and easier intubations than the Airway Scope in patients with cervical collars.