bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A 20‐year census of a rocky littoral fish community in Lake Tanganyika
Authors: Takeuchi Y. , Ochi H. , Kohda M. , Sinyinza D. , Hori M. 
Published: March 2010

Takeuchi Y, Ochi H, Kohda M, Sinyinza D, Hori M. A 20‐year census of a rocky littoral fish community in Lake Tanganyika. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2010: 19: 239–248. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/SAbstract – Tropical fish communities are highly diverse with large numbers of allied species coexisting. Concerns have been raised about changes in such communities caused by anthropogenic disturbances, but little is known about long‐term changes. We investigated changes in the littoral fish community of Lake Tanganyika. A 10 × 40‐m quadrat was placed on a rocky shore in the southern part of the lake, and fish censuses were conducted once a year during most years in 1988–2008. In total, 54 cichlid and 6 non‐cichlid species were recorded. Aufwuch feeders were most abundant, followed by plankton feeders, detritus feeders, piscivores, shrimp eaters, zoo‐benthos eaters, and scale eaters. Species richness and abundance were sustained over the study period, with biodiversity, as evaluated by the Shannon–Wiener index, remaining high. However, Mantel tests between the Bray–Curtis index and the difference in years between compared censuses revealed that the species composition of the community gradually changed with time. The fish community gradually underwent a change that may be due to low anthropogenic impacts on food condition. Our results promote awareness about the conservation of diversity in Lake Tanganyika.
Covariation in shape and foraging behaviour in lateral plate morphs in the three‐spined stickleback
Authors: Bjærke O. , Østbye K. , Lampe H. M. , Vøllestad L. A. 
Published: March 2010

Bjærke O, Østbye K, Lampe HM, Vøllestad LA. Covariation in shape and foraging behaviour in lateral plate morphs in the three‐spined stickleback. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2010: 19: 249–256. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/SAbstract – In three‐spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) colonisation of freshwater has led to rapid evolution in various morphological and behavioural traits. Examples are reduction in lateral plate number and increased benthic foraging. These changes are believed to result from natural selection, but the evolutionary mechanisms driving behavioural changes and how such changes are associated with phenotypes, are poorly understood. Here, we study three different lateral plate morphs from a brackish water lake and one morph from a river upstream. We investigate if the lateral plate morphs differ in overall body shape and then experimentally test how foraging behaviour differ among morphs and with body shape. Foraging behaviour is measured as the consumption efficiency of benthic and pelagic prey types. The results show that lateral plate morphs differ in overall body shape and that body shape significantly co‐varies with foraging behaviour.
The Expression of Th1‐ and Th2‐Related Chemokine Receptors in Women with Recurrent Miscarriage: the Impact of Lymphocyte Immunotherapy
Authors: Kheshtchin Nasim , Gharagozloo Marjan , Andalib Alireza , Ghahiri Ataollah , Maracy Mohammad R. , Rezaei Abbas 
Published: March 2010

CitationKheshtchin N, Gharagozloo M, Andalib A, Ghahiri A, Maracy MR, Rezaei A. The Expression of Th1‐ and Th2‐Related chemokine receptors in women with recurrent miscarriage: the impact of lymphocyte Immunotherapy. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010; 64: 104–112Problem Recurrent miscarriage (RM) is defined as three or more consecutive pregnancy losses prior to the 20th week of gestation. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of T helper (Th)1‐ and Th2‐related chemokine receptors on CD4+T helper and CD8+T cytotoxic (Tc) cells in RM and control subjects. The effects of lymphocyte immunotherapy on the balance of Th1/Th2 and Tc1/Tc2 chemokine receptors were further evaluated in RM women.Method of study The expression of Th1‐related (CCR5 and CXCR3) and Th2‐related (CCR3 and CCR4) chemokine receptors on CD4+or CD8+T cells from RM women were analyzed and compared with controls using flow cytometry. The expression of chemokine receptors in RM women was also compared before and after lymphocyte immunotherapy.Results The ratios of Th1/Th2 and Tc1/Tc2 chemokine receptors were higher in RM women compared to controls. The ratio of Th1/Th2 chemokine receptors was decreased in RM women after immunotherapy, while no significant change was identified in the Tc1/Tc2 after immunotherapy.Conclusion This study indicates the Th1 dominant immune responses in circulation of RM women compared to controls. Moreover, lymphocyte immunotherapy might influence pregnancy outcome via a shift in the balance of the Th1/Th2 chemokine receptors.
Using topographic wetness index in vegetation ecology: does the algorithm matter?
Authors: Kopecký Martin , Čížková Štěpánka 
Published: March 2010

AbstractQuestions: How important is the choice of flow routing algorithm with respect to application of topographic wetness index (TWI) in vegetation ecology? Which flow routing algorithms are preferable for application in vegetation ecology?Location: Forests in three different regions of the Czech Republic.Methods: We used vegetation data from 521 georeferenced plots, recently sampled in a wide range of forest communities. From a digital elevation model, we calculated 11 variations of TWI for each plot with 11 different flow routing algorithms. We evaluated the performance of differently calculated TWI by (1) Spearman rank correlation with average Ellenberg indicator values for soil moisture, (2) Mantel correlation coefficient between dissimilarities of species composition and dissimilarities of TWI and (3) the amount of variation in species composition explained by canonical correspondence analysis.Results: The choice of flow routing algorithm had a considerable effect on the performance of TWI. Correlation with Ellenberg indicator values for soil moisture, Mantel correlation coefficient and explained variation doubled when the appropriate algorithm was used. In all regions, multiple flow routing algorithms performed best, while single flow routing algorithms performed worst.Conclusions: We recommend the multiple flow routing algorithms of Quinn et al. and Freeman for application in vegetation ecology.
Technology, learning and instruction: distributed cognition in the secondary English classroom
Authors: Gomez Mary Louise , Schieble Melissa , Curwood Jen Scott , Hassett Dawnene 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we analyse interactions between secondary students and pre‐service teachers in an online environment in order to understand how their meaning‐making processes embody distributed cognition. We begin by providing a theoretical review of the ways in which literacy learning is distributed across learners, objects, tools, symbols, technologies and the environment in modern English language arts classrooms. This is followed by a case study where we identify how programme values, textual resources and cultural schema function as distributed tools. In traditional schools, with an emphasis on taking standardised tests, the learning environment is designed on the view that learning is a transaction that happens solely ‘inside the head’. Unfortunately, this pushes many students to the margins of classroom engagement and participation. By analysing students' and pre‐service teachers' online discourse, we argue that virtual spaces can facilitate critical dialogue and can act as catalysts for a distributed theory of mind.
Regulating life in residential care: the unassuming authority of the timetable
Authors: Tan Jennifer 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis paper highlights the various roles and influences of a particular text form: the timetable pasted unassumingly on the wall of a residential home for children. It provides examples of literacy events that take place around the ubiquitous timetable and how through these events, the social dynamics of its residents and those around them are constructed and enforced. An important aspect of institutional life, the timetable “regulates the home's residents' daily patterns by structuring their time so that they move from one set of skills to another throughout the day”. In addition, it becomes the ‘invisible monitor’ in the absence of the home's supervisor, as though ‘empowered’ with authority to dictate the children's actions. In other words, the timetable proves to have dominant control over the daily practices of those living in residential care.
Opening the box: literacy, artefacts and identity
Authors: Scanlan Mary 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis article discusses research which was carried out within the ESRC‐funded Home–School Knowledge Exchange Project (2001–2004). Through a process of collaborative action research an activity based on previous project work was devised. Children were asked to select artifacts from home that would inspile their creative writing in school. This activity explicitly allowed children to present aspects of their identity within the school domain and for knowledge of home practices to permeate the literacy curriculum. The research explored the constraints that the contemporary literacy curriculum imposed on the activity, in particular the problematic status of oracy. The gains that the activity afforded some children, both curriculum‐based (extended pieces of work, improved structure to writing) and personal (increased motivation, heightened self‐esteem), are also examined. The research highlighted the relationship between literacy and identity in that the activity allowed the expression of both figurative and positional identity. Additionally the importance of popular culture in the formation of individual and group identity is discussed.
Teacher and child talk in active learning and whole‐class contexts: some implications for children from economically less advantaged home backgrounds
Authors: Martlew Joan , Ellis Sue , Stephen Christine , Ellis Jennifer 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis paper reports the experiences of 150 children and six primary teachers when active learning pedagogies were introduced into the first year of primary schools. Although active learning increased the amount of talk between children, those from socio‐economically advantaged homes talked more than those from less advantaged homes. Also, individual children experienced very little time engaged in high‐quality talk with the teacher, despite the teachers spending over one‐third of their time responding to children's needs and interests. Contextual differences, such as the different staffing ratios in schools and pre‐schools, may affect how well the benefits of active learning transfer from pre‐school contexts into primary schools. Policy‐makers and teachers should pay particular attention to the implications of this for the education of children from economically less advantaged home backgrounds.
Companion stars of Type Ia supernovae and single low-mass white dwarfs
Authors: Wang B. , Han Z. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Recent investigations of the white dwarf (WD) + main-sequence (MS) channel of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) imply that this channel may be the main contribution to the old population (≳1Gyr) of SNe Ia. In the WD + MS channel, the WD could accrete material from a main-sequence or a slightly evolved star until it reaches the Chandrasekhar mass limit. The companions in this channel would survive after SN explosion and show distinguishing properties. In this Letter, based on SN Ia production regions of the WD + MS channel and three formation channels of WD + MS systems, we performed a detailed binary population synthesis study to obtain the properties of the surviving companions. The properties can be verified by future observations. We find that the surviving companions of the old SNe Ia have a low mass, which provides a possible way to explain the formation of the population of single low-mass WDs (&lt;0.45M⊙).
Unfolding the hierarchy of voids
Authors: Aragon-Calvo M. A. , van de Weygaert R. , Araya-Melo P. A. , Platen E. , Szalay A. S. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
We present a framework for the hierarchical identification and characterization of voids based on the Watershed Void Finder. The Hierarchical Void Finder is based on a generalization of the scale space of a density field invoked in order to trace the hierarchical nature and structure of cosmological voids. At each level of the hierarchy, the watershed transform is used to identify the voids at that particular scale. By identifying the overlapping regions between watershed basins in adjacent levels, the hierarchical void tree is constructed. Applications on a hierarchical Voronoi model and on a set of cosmological simulations illustrate its potential.
COMPARING 3‐POINT VERSUS 9‐POINT JUST‐ABOUT‐RIGHT SCALES FOR DETERMINING THE OPTIMUM CONCENTRATION OF SWEETNESS IN A BEVERAGE
Authors: LÓPEZ OSORNIO M.M. , HOUGH G. 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACT Just‐about‐right (JAR) scales are often used in research and development of food products. One of their uses is determining the optimum level of an ingredient. The purpose of this work was to compare the use of a 3‐point JAR scale analyzing the data using survival analysis statistics with a 9‐point JAR scale followed by linear regression analysis. It was also of interest to determine if a concentration range effect exists when determining the optimum concentration using a 3‐point JAR scale. Three different concentration ranges were used to determine the optimum level of sucrose in orange juices. The optimum concentrations obtained by both the 3‐point and 9‐point JAR scales were affected by concentration ranges. The optimum sucrose concentrations were 8.2% for the 9‐point scale and 13.1% for the 3‐point scale. A second experiment showed that 70% of the subjects preferred the 13.1% sample over the 8.2% sample. The 3‐point JAR scale combined with interval censoring statistics provided a more reliable optimum concentration level than the 9‐point JAR scale method. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe optimum concentration obtained using the 3‐point Just‐about‐right (JAR) scale was more accurate then the value obtained from the 9‐point JAR scale in the sense that it was closest to values in commercialized beverages and was preferred in a direct comparison. Thus the 3‐point JAR scale followed by interval censoring statistics is a method to be pursued when measuring the optimum level of a food ingredient. This article also provides data confirming a concentration range effect when measuring the optimum concentration of a food ingredient. This range effect was present when using the 3‐point JAR scale and the 9‐point JAR scale. The use of multiple concentration ranges is a way to account for this effect.
Effects of increasing days of exposure to prepartum diets on the concentration of certain blood metabolites in dairy cows
Authors: DeGaris PJ , Lean IJ , Rabiee AR , Stevenson MA 
Published: March 2010

Objective To evaluate the effect of the number of days exposure to a prepartum transition diet on mineral, energy and protein metabolism in dairy cows.Design A prospective cohort study.Procedures The prepartum transition diet consisted of ryegrass pasture, cereal hay, grain, grain by‐product, protein meals, BioChlor®, rumen modifiers, minerals and vitamins and contained 13.9% crude protein, 10.0 MJ metabolisable energy/kg and a dietary cation anion difference of −35 meq/kg dry matter. Forty cows were bled bi‐weekly from their introduction to the prepartum transition diet until day 35 of lactation. Blood samples were submitted for estimation of a range of metabolites. Cubic smoothed splines were fitted to scatterplots of metabolite concentration as a function of day relative to calving and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. Linear regression modelling determined the effect of days exposed, age, body condition score (BSC) and calving day on AUC.Results The prepartum AUC of blood phosphorus and beta‐hydroxybutyrate increased and the AUC of blood calcium and cholesterol decreased with increasing days exposed to the diet. The postpartum AUC of beta‐hydroxybutyrate and non‐esterified fatty acids decreased with increasing days exposed but increased with days exposed × age and days exposed × BCS, respectively. The AUC of other metabolites did not vary significantly with number of days exposed.Conclusions Increasing exposure to the prepartum diet significantly altered the AUC of blood metabolites associated with mineral, energy and protein metabolism in ways consistent with improvements in production and reproduction previously reported and the result suggests links between energy, protein and skeletal metabolism.
Reducing threats to species: threat reversibility and links to industry
Authors: Prugh Laura R. , Sinclair Anthony R.E. , Hodges Karen E. , Jacob Aerin L. , Wilcove David S. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThreats to species’ persistence are typically mitigated via lengthy and costly recovery planning processes that are implemented only after species are at risk of extinction. To reduce overall threats and minimize risks to species not yet imperiled, a proactive and broad‐scale framework is needed. Using data on threats to imperiled species in Canada to illustrate our approach, we link threats to industries causing the harm, thus providing regulators with quantitative data that can be used directly in cost‐benefit and risk analyses to broadly reduce threat levels. We then show how ranking the ease of threat abatement and reversal assists prioritization by identifying threats that are easiest to mitigate as well as threats that are possible to abate but nearly impossible to reverse. This new framework increases the usefulness of widely available threat data for preventative conservation and species recovery.
Impact of iris pigment and pupil size in ultraviolet radiation cataract in rat
Authors: Löfgren Stefan , Michael Ralph , Söderberg Per G. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract.Purpose:  To investigate the effect of iris pigment and pupil size in ultraviolet radiation (UVR)‐induced cataract.Methods:  Brown‐Norway rats (pigmented) and Fischer‐344 rats (non‐pigmented) were unilaterally exposed in vivo to 5 kJ/m2 UVR. Each strain was split into two groups, each receiving either mydriatic (tropicamide) or miotic (pilocarpine) eye‐drops. One week after exposure, the degree of ocular inflammation and damage in the anterior segment was determined. The lenses were extracted, photographed and the degree of forward light scattering (cataract) was quantified.Results:  The cataract types differed between the two strains. All Fischer rats developed macroscopically identifiable UVR cataract while only 41% of Brown‐Norway rats did so. All groups except the miotic Brown‐Norway developed significant light scattering. The Fischer rats developed 3–4‐fold more lens light scattering than the Brown‐Norway rats. The miotic Fischer group exhibited significantly more light scattering than the mydriatic Fischer group. There was no significant difference in light scattering between the two Brown‐Norway groups. There was a correlation between ocular inflammation and degree of light scattering, with Brown‐Norway rats exhibiting less inflammation and lens light scattering.Conclusions:  Pigmented rats develop less UVR cataract and less ocular inflammation than non‐pigmented rats. Pupil size plays a smaller role in UVR cataract development in pigmented rats than in non‐pigmented. The role of UVR‐induced ocular inflammation in cataract development is still ambiguous.
Fc γ R IIIB polymorphisms: their association with clinical manifestations and autoantibodies in SLE patients from Western India
Authors: PRADHAN Vandana , DESHPANDE Neha , NADKARNI Anita , PATWARDHAN Manisha , SURVE Prathamesh , GHOSH Kanjaksha 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackground:  Receptors for the Fc fragment of immunoglobulin G (Fc γ Rs) represent the link between the humoral and cellular immune responses. Polymorphisms of Fc γ R, mainly IIA, IIB, IIIA, IIIB have been identified as genetic factors influencing susceptibility to disease or disease course of a prototype autoimmune disease like systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Fc γ alleles may be associated with inefficient removal of apoptotic cells or antigens and hence may be associated with higher risk of SLE.Objective:  This study was designed to look for Fc γ RIIIB polymorphisms of three different alleles, NA1, NA2 and SH in SLE patients and to correlate the distribution of Fc γ RIIIB genotypes with clinical presentation and autoantibody profile.Material and methods:  Eighty SLE patients along with eighty normal individuals were studied. Fc γ RIIIB polymorphism was tested by allele‐specific primer amplification.Results:  The percentage distribution of NA1/NA1, NA1/NA2 and NA2/NA2 was 22.5%, 40% and 37.5%, respectively, among the normal population; and among SLE patients it was 25%, 40% and 35%, respectively. The percentage distribution of SH allele was 68.8% among the normal population, while in SLE patients it was 60%. No statistical difference was found in the distribution of Fc γ R IIIB genotypes in patients of lupus nephritis and SLE without nephritis (P > 0.05).Conclusion:  Among SLE patients studied, NA2 was the prominent allele. It was commonly associated with clinical manifestations such as skin rash, arthritis, hematological and immunological disorders. This suggests that the primary involvement of Fc γ R IIIB NA2 allele is more likely involved with disease susceptibility of SLE.
Effect of hemolysis on canine kaolin‐activated thromboelastography values and ADVIA 2120 platelet activation indices
Authors: Bauer Natali B. , Eralp Oya , Moritz Andreas 
Published: March 2010

Background: The impact of hemolysis on thromboelastography (TEG) and platelet activation indices has not been evaluated.Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of hemolysis induced mechanically (HM) and hemolysis induced by freezing (HF) on TEG, platelet counts (PLT), and platelet activation indicators.Methods: Blood from 17 dogs was divided into the following samples: controls, HM, and HF. HM was induced by 20 repetitions of expulsion of blood through a 23 g needle. Freezing was at −80°C, followed by warming to 37° and dilution with equal parts room temperature blood at 22°C. TEG variables that were examined included reaction time (R), coagulation time (K), angle (α), maximum amplitude (MA), and clot rigidity (G). Platelet indices were measured with the ADVIA 2120 hematology analyzer.Results: Hematocrit (HCT) (mean±SD) for controls, HM, and HF were 0.41±0.02, 0.39±0.03, and 0.25±0.02 L/L, respectively, consistent with decreases in HCT of 4.8% (HM) and 39.0% (HF). HM resulted in decreased R (2.5±0.9 minutes compared with 5.2±1.9 minutes for controls; P<0.001), and HF resulted in increased K (15.2±8.6 minutes compared with 5.3±4.0 minutes in controls; P<0.01) and decreased α (20±11° compared with 46±17° in controls; P<0.001). MA was decreased more in HF samples (26±2 mm) than in HM (38±8 mm) or control samples (49±9 mm; P<0.0001). The same applied to G values. PLT decreased after HM but not after HF. Hemolysis of both types resulted in decreased mean platelet component (MPC) concentration: control, 19.3±2.0, HM 15.5±3.4, and HF 14.3±0.7 g/dL (P<0.0001).Conclusion: In hemolyzed samples decreased MPC and R suggested activated primary and secondary hemostasis, respectively, but decreased MA and G indicated reduced clot firmness, possibly due to hyporeactive platelets. TEG and platelet activation indices should be interpreted cautiously after hemolysis.
Book Reviews
Authors: Shroyer Gail 
Published: March 2010

Book reviewed in this article: Planets & Perception: Telescopic Views & Interpretations, 1609–1909, William Sheehan Challenging Mathematical Problems with PASCAL Solutions, Donald D. Spencer A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes, Stephen W. Hawking Making Connections with Mathematics, John Egsgard, Gary Flewelling, Craig Newell, & Wendy Warburton