bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of athletic performance in horses with jugular vein thrombophlebitis: 91 cases (1988–2005)
Authors: Moreau Peggy , Lavoie Jean-Pierre 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate effects of thrombophlebitis of 1 or both jugular veins on athletic performance of horses.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—91 horses with jugular vein thrombophlebitis.
Procedures—Medical records of horses with jugular vein thrombophlebitis examined between 1988 and 2005 were reviewed for signalment, history, clinical signs, diagnosis, and treatment. Performance was evaluated in 2 ways. A questionnaire was used to obtain a subjective assessment from the owner or trainer of the horse's performance after thrombophlebitis, compared with the performance before thrombophlebitis. Racing records from before and after thrombophlebitis were also evaluated.
Results—Thrombophlebitis was diagnosed in 37 horses at the time of admission (group 1), and 54 horses developed thrombophlebitis during hospitalization for an unrelated medical condition (group 2). Twenty-seven of 81 (33%) owners answered the questionnaire, and racing records were available for 31 horses. Performance data were available for 48 horses. Owners reported that all nonracing horses, except 1, had equivalent or better performances after discharge. Twenty-six of 31 (84%) Standardbreds resumed racing; in these horses, there was no significant difference between racing times before and after thrombophlebitis. No significant difference in performance was detected regardless of the primary disease, whether a horse had unilateral or bilateral thrombophlebitis, or the treatment administered.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that the athletic performance of horses used for nonracing events was not affected by thrombophlebitis. Thrombophlebitis in racing Standardbreds was associated with a decreased chance of return to racing; however, performance was not impaired in those that resumed racing.
Nonulcerative bullous keratitis associated with Pseudomonas alcaligenes infection in a Thoroughbred mare
Authors: Utter M. E. , Wotman K. L. 
Published: November 2009

SummaryA 5‐year‐old Thoroughbred mare presented with an intermittently mildly painful right eye with a nonulcerative corneal opacity of several weeks' duration that had improved with topical steroids but recurred when steroids were withdrawn. Ophthalmic examination demonstrated a focal region of moderate corneal oedema and midstromal corneal infiltrate centrally but no other significant ocular abnormalities, and suggested a diagnosis of immune‐mediated keratitis. Empirical courses of both topical and systemic anti‐inflammatory drugs, both nonsteroidal and steroidal, led to initial improvement but bullous keratopathy developed when corneal oedema became profound. Due to the rapidly progressive nature of the bullous keratopathy combined with poor response to medical therapy, a keratectomy and conjunctival graft were performed under general anaesthesia. Intraoperative corneal culture of the keratectomy site grewPseudomonas alcaligenes, a common soil and water contaminant. Histopathology of the keratectomy specimen revealed neutrophilic inflammation. Keratectomy and conjunctival graft led to resolution of ocular pain and inflammation, with an acceptable cosmetic and visual outcome. This report describes an unusual case of a nonulcerativePseudomonaskeratitis that responded well to surgical therapy, and underscores the complicated nature of nonulcerative keratitis in horses.
Evaluation of a vessel‐sealing device to assist eye enucleation and exenteration in the horse
Authors: Launois M. T. , Vandeweerd J. M. E. F. , Perrin R. A. R. , Brogniez L. , Gabriel A. , Coomer R. , Clegg P. D. , Desbrosse A. M. , Desbrosse F. G. 
Published: November 2009

SummaryThis study describes and evaluates the LigaSure for eye enucleation or exenteration in horses. According to the medical records of the Clinique Desbrosse, 17 horses underwent eye removal using the LigaSure between April 2005 and March 2009. It was applied at 7 different steps of the procedure and accounted for the different possible sources of bleeding. The Ligasure was also used to transect the optic pedicle in the 5 most recent cases. Very few complications were encountered with the technique described. Reliable vessel sealing and haemostasis was achieved in all horses.
Brazilian Federal Conservation Units: A Historical Overview of their Creation and of their Current Status
Authors: Drummond José Augusto , de Andrade Franco José Luiz , Bortoni Ninis Allesandra 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
This paper provides a historical overview of the formation of the system of federal conservation units existent in Brazil as of 2006 and examines selected aspects of their current status. The text focuses on the following dimensions of these units - the creation of multiple categories, legal bases, age, number, absolute and average sizes, distribution by regions and by biomes, according to groups and categories. Major findings are that (1) much progress has been attained in the creation of conservation units, in terms of legal bases, diversified categories, numbers and areas, and coverage of Brazilian regions and biomes; (2) there is a deficit to be filled by the creation of numerous units, in order to make the system more efficient and encompassing and to honour the commitments made in international forums; (3) despite this need for physical expansion, the rather extensive set of existing conservation units already demands more than the existing energy, expertise and funding to be adequately managed.
Book Reviews
Authors: Harvey David , Niewojt Lawrence , Simmons Ian 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Brian Short, Charles Watkins and John Martin, eds., The Front Line of Freedom: British Farming in the Second World War (DAVID HARVEY)
David R. Montgomery, Dirt: The Erosion of Civilizations (LAWRENCE NIEWOJT)
T. C. Smout, Exploring Environmental History. Selected Essays (IAN SIMMONS)
Evaluating Central Venous Catheter Care in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Hatler Carol , Buckwald Linda , Salas-Allison Zoraida , Murphy-Taylor Cathleen 
Published: November 2009

Background Catheter-related bloodstream infection remains an important health problem for hospitalized children. Although placement of a central venous catheter is a life-saving intervention for critically ill children, these same central catheters are a potential source of infection.
Objectives Few studies that directly address care of central venous catheters for children in intensive care units have been reported. This evaluation was designed to describe the extent of evidence-based practices for care of insertion sites of central venous catheters in the pediatric intensive care unit of an urban tertiary care center. Another goal was to determine the influence of 2 different regimens for dressing changes on rates of catheter-related bloodstream infections and costs.
Methods A convenience sample and an exploratory design were used to collect data in 2 phases, including 30 days to establish baseline information and 30 days each during which patients received dressing care for a central venous catheter with a transparent dressing alone and with a transparent dressing plus a chlorhexidine-impregnated dressing. Nurses also participated in a survey of knowledge about infection control practices related to central catheters.
Results Few differences were found between the transparent dressing alone and a chlorhexidine-impregnated dressing plus the transparent dressing. A serendipitous finding was the number of times that central catheters were accessed daily.
Conclusions The results of this project suggest that infection control efforts may be most appropriately focused on processes rather than on products.
Scales for Evaluating Self-Perceived Anxiety Levels in Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Units: A Review
Authors: Perpiñá-Galvañ Juana , Richart-Martínez Miguel 
Published: November 2009

Objective To review studies of anxiety in critically ill patients admitted to an intensive care unit to describe the level of anxiety and synthesize the psychometric properties of the instruments used to measure anxiety.
Methods The CUIDEN, IME, ISOC, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and PSYCINFO databases for 1995 to 2005 were searched. The search focused on 3 concepts: anxiety, intensive care, and mechanical ventilation for the English-language databases and ansiedad, cuidados intensivos, and ventilación mecánica for the Spanish-language databases. Information was extracted from 18 selected articles on the level of anxiety experienced by patients and the psychometric properties of the instruments used to measure anxiety.
Results Moderate levels of anxiety were reported. Levels were higher in women than in men, and higher in patients undergoing positive pressure ventilation regardless of sex. Most multi-item instruments had high coefficients of internal consistency. The reliability of instruments with only a single item was not demonstrated, even though the instruments had moderate-to-high correlations with other measurements.
Conclusion Midlength scales, such the anxiety subscale of the Brief Symptom Inventory or the shortened state version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory are best for measuring anxiety in critical care patients.
Reducing Use of Indwelling Urinary Catheters and Associated Urinary Tract Infections
Authors: Elpern Ellen H. , Killeen Kathryn , Ketchem Alice , Wiley Amanda , Patel Gourang , Lateef Omar 
Published: November 2009

Background Use of indwelling urinary catheters can lead to complications, most commonly catheter-associated urinary tract infections. Duration of catheterization is the major risk factor. These infections can result in sepsis, prolonged hospitalization, additional hospital costs, and mortality.
Objectives To implement and evaluate the efficacy of an intervention to reduce catheter-associated urinary tract infections in a medical intensive care unit by decreasing use of urinary catheters.
Methods Indications for continuing urinary catheterization with indwelling devices were developed by unit clinicians. For a 6-month intervention period, patients in a medical intensive care unit who had indwelling urinary catheters were evaluated daily by using criteria for appropriate catheter continuance. Recommendations were made to discontinue indwelling urinary catheters in patients who did not meet the criteria. Days of use of a urinary catheter and rates of catheter-associated urinary tract infections during the intervention were compared with those of the preceding 11 months.
Results During the study period, 337 patients had a total of 1432 days of urinary catheterization. With use of guidelines, duration of use was significantly reduced to a mean of 238.6 d/mo from the previous rate of 311.7 d/mo. The number of catheter-associated urinary tract infections per 1000 days of use was a mean of 4.7/mo before the intervention and zero during the 6-month intervention period.
Conclusions Implementation of an intervention to judge appropriateness of indwelling urinary catheters may result in significant reductions in duration of catheterization and occurrences of catheter-associated urinary tract infections.
Trait Anger, Hostility, Serum Homocysteine, and Recurrent Cardiac Events After Percutaneous Coronary Interventions
Authors: Song Eun Kyeung , Son Youn-Jung , Lennie Terry A. 
Published: November 2009

Background Trait anger, hostility, and serum level of homocysteine are associated with recurrent cardiac events after percutaneous coronary interventions. However, whether trait anger or hostility influences the association between serum level of homocysteine and recurrent cardiac events is unknown.Objectives To examine the relationships among trait anger, hostility, serum level of homocysteine, and recurrent cardiac events after percutaneous coronary interventions.Methods This prospective study included 135 consecutive patients (68% male, mean age 61 [SD, 10] years) undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions during an index hospitalization. Trait anger and hostility were measured with the Spielberger Trait Anger Scale and the Cynical Hostility Scale, respectively. Blood samples were obtained to measure serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and homocysteine. Recurrent cardiac events (emergency department visits and rehospitalization) were noted for 6 months after discharge and confirmed by review of hospital records. Hierarchical Cox hazard regression was used for statistical analysis.Results Trait anger (hazard ratio = 1.11, 95% confidence interval = 1.03–1.20) and homocysteine level (hazard ratio = 1.10, 95% confidence interval = 1.01–1.21) were independent predictors of recurrent cardiac events after other risk factors were controlled for. Patients with high trait anger (score ≥ 24) and high serum level of homocysteine (≥ 11.3 μmol/L) had the shortest time to recurrent cardiac events (P = .01).Conclusion Trait anger had a combined effect on the link between serum level of homocysteine and recurrent cardiac events. Interventions to reduce trait anger may improve health outcomes by influencing both trait anger and homocysteine level.
Chronic passive exposure to aggression escalates aggressiveness of rat observers
Authors: Suzuki Hideo , Lucas Louis R. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPrevious studies have documented that exposure to aggression increases aggressiveness of human witnesses. However, the question of whether passive exposure to aggression can exclusively cause a risk of aggressive inclination for observers through a learning process, rather than mimicry effect, has not been readily addressed in the clinical literature. This study aimed to investigate this question by using a simple animal model to test the behavioral effect of chronic passive exposure to aggression. Our results indicate that observer rats that had been passively exposed to aggression for 10 min per day for 23 consecutive days exhibited more aggressive behavior than controls or those groups undergoing a single exposure to passive aggression. Furthermore, aggression levels in the group of 23‐day chronic exposure to aggression lasted 16 days after the recovery from exposure to aggression. These data suggest that the development of aggression in this model occurred through a learning process because only chronic exposure to aggression resulted in this behavioral outcome in the long run. Aggr. Behav. 36:54–66, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Real‐Time Liquid Crystal pH Sensor for Monitoring Enzymatic Activities of Penicillinase
Authors: Bi Xinyan , Hartono Deny , Yang Kun‐Lin 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA liquid crystal (LC)‐based pH sensor for real‐time monitoring of changes in localized pH values near a solid surface is reported, along with its application for the detection of enzymatic activities. It is found that 4‐cyano‐4′‐pentylbiphenyl (5CB), when doped with 4′‐pentyl‐biphenyl‐4‐carboxylic acid (PBA), shows a bright‐to‐dark optical response to a very small change in pH (from 6.9 to 7.0). The pH‐driven optical response can be explained by using orientational transitions of 5CB induced by the protonation and deprotonation of PBA at the aqueous/LC interface. Because of its high pH sensitivity, the LC‐based sensor is further exploited for monitoring local pH changes resulting from enzymatic reactions. As a proof of concept, the hydrolysis of penicillin G by surface‐immobilized penicillinase is monitored using the system, even when the concentration of penicillin G is as low as 1 nM. This type of LC‐based sensor may find potential utilities in high‐throughput screening of enzyme substrates and enzyme inhibitors.
Robustness of Spin Polarization in Graphene‐Based Spin Valves
Authors: Shiraishi Masashi , Ohishi Megumi , Nouchi Ryo , Mitoma Nobuhiko , Nozaki Takayuki , Shinjo Teruya , Suzuki Yoshishige 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe decrease of spin polarization in spintronics devices under the application of a bias voltage is one of a number of currently important problems that should be solved. Here, an unprecedented robustness of the spin polarization in multilayer‐graphene spin valves at room temperature is revealed. Surprisingly, the spin polarization of injected spins is constant up to a bias voltage of +2.7 V and −0.6 V in positive‐ and negative‐bias voltage applications at room temperature, respectively, which is superior to all spintronics devices. This finding is induced by suppression of spin scattering due to an ideal‐interface formation. Furthermore, an important accordance between theory and experiment in molecular spintronics is found by observing the fact that the signal intensity in a local scheme is double that in a nonlocal scheme, as theory predicts, which provides construction of a steadfast physical basis in this field.
Liquid‐Crystalline Polymer with a Block Mesogenic Side Group: Photoinduced Manipulation of Nanophase‐Separated Structures
Authors: Okano Kunihiko , Mikami Yasuyuki , Yamashita Takashi 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn this report, a novel type of photoresponsive liquid crystalline polymer with a block mesogenic side‐group is demonstrated. The block mesogene is an amphipathic molecule containing a hydrophobic mesogene (azotolane moiety) and hydrophilic oligooxyethylene moieties in the same unit. The block mesogene in the polymer plays a role in liquid crystalline, amphiphilic and photoresponsive properties. As expected, a film prepared from the polymer exhibits phase separation of a lamellar structure due to cooperative motion between liquid crystal assembly and nanophase separation. The morphology of the lamellae can be aligned upon irradiation of linearly polarized light. Moreover, a photochemical phase transition induced by unpolarized UV irradiation erases the surface morphology. The erased nanostructure can be recovered by annealing or irradiation of linearly polarized light, meaning that the surface morphology is rewritable via a photochemical process.
980‐nm Laser‐Driven Photovoltaic Cells Based on Rare‐Earth Up‐Converting Phosphors for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Chen Zhigang , Zhang Lisha , Sun Yangang , Hu Junqing , Wang Dayang 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA prerequisite for designing and constructing wireless biological nanorobots is to obtain an electrical source that is continuously available in the operational biological environment. Herein the first preparation of 980‐nm laser‐driven photovoltaic cells (980LD‐PVCs) by introducing of a film of rare‐earth up‐converting nanophosphors in conventional dye‐sensitized solar cells is reported. Under the irradiation of a 980‐nm laser with a power of 1 W, the visible up‐converting luminescence of rare‐earth nanophosphors can be efficiently absorbed by the dyes in 980LD‐PVCs so that they exhibit a maximal output power of 0.47 mW. In particular, after being covered with 1 to 6 layers of pig intestines (thickness: ca. 1 mm per layer) as a model of biological tissues, 980LD‐PVCs still possess a maximal output power of between 0.28 and 0.02 mW, which is efficient enough to drive many kinds of biodevices. This research opens up the possibility of preparing and/or developing novel electrical sources for wireless biological nanorobots and many other biodevices.
An improved independent component regression modeling and quantitative calibration procedure
Authors: Zhao Chunhui , Gao Furong , Wang Fuli 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAn improved independent component regression (M‐ICR) algorithm is proposed by constructing joint latent variable (LV) based regressors, and a quantitative statistical analysis procedure is designed using a bootstrap technique for model validation and performance evaluation. First, the drawbacks of the conventional regression modeling algorithms are analyzed. Then the proposed M‐ICR algorithm is formulated for regressor design. It constructs a dual‐objective optimization criterion function, simultaneously incorporating quality‐relevance and independence into the feature extraction procedure. This ties together the ideas of partial‐least squares (PLS), and independent component regression (ICR) under the same mathematical umbrella. By adjusting the controllable suboptimization objective weights, it adds insight into the different roles of quality‐relevant and independent characteristics in calibration modeling, and, thus, provides possibilities to combine the advantages of PLS and ICR. Furthermore, a quantitative statistical analysis procedure based on a bootstrapping technique is designed to identify the effects of LVs, determine a better model rank and overcome ill‐conditioning caused by model over‐parameterization. A confidence interval on quality prediction is also approximated. The performance of the proposed method is demonstrated using both numerical and real world data. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Diffusion of semi‐flexible polyelectrolyte through nanochannels
Authors: Gu Hongyan , Faucher Santiago , Zhu Shiping 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe diffusion of sodium polystyrene sulfonate through polycarbonate nanochanels was studied in salt‐free dilute aqueous solution. A stronger molecular weight dependence of diffusion was observed compared to free diffusion in dilute solution. Scaling exponentials relating polymer size to diffusivity were between Flory's theory (Deff ∝ N−0.6) and Rouse's model (Deff ∝ N−1), revealing a crossover regime from 3‐D diffusion to 1‐D diffusion. Diffusion was less hindered for the polyelectrolyte (Deff/D0), than for a rigid sphere, when the polymer/channel size ratio exceeded 0.2. This is attributed to elongated chains with reduced frictional hindrance. Simulation of the confined diffusion based on an elongated cigar model gave D ∝ N−1
${R_{\rm t}^{2/3}}$
while the experimental results agree with D ∝ N−0.94${R_{\rm t}^{ 2/3}}$. For charged polyelectrolytes, the transition to 1‐D diffusion therefore begins before the polymer radius of gyration exceeds the channel size contrary to model assumptions. We attribute this to the charged nature of the polyelectrolytes causing extended chain conformations. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Synthesis of PEGylated single wall carbon nanotubes by a photoinitiated graft from polymerization
Authors: Zhang Pu , Henthorn David B. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA considerable amount of research has been devoted to carbon nanotubes because of their unique electrical, mechanical, optical, and chemical properties. Here, in this report, we introduce a novel, simple ultraviolet initiated “graft from” polymerization method to synthesize PEGylated carbon nanotubes. This grafting procedure significantly enhanced nanotube aqueous dispersibility and long term stability in solution. Mass of grafted polymer chains was easily modulated by adjusting polymerization reaction time, and nanomaterials containing up to 80% polymer by weight were synthesized. Nanotube morphology was characterized by SEM, TEM before and after the functionalization. In addition, the covalent bonding of polymer chains to the nanotubes structure was elucidated by Raman, ATR‐FTIR, and XPS spectroscopy. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010