bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flame retardant characteristics of natural fibre reinforced polymer composites: A thematic review
Authors: Muralidharan Nivedhitha Durgam , Subramanian Jeyanthi , Rajamanickam Sathish Kumar , Krishnasamy Prabu , Thiagamani Senthil Muthu Kumar , Khan Anish 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGlobally, with the advancement of industrialization and globalization, the automotive sector has drastically increased for transportation and commercial purposes. Hence, to maximize efficiency and minimize the weight of automobiles, the automotive and aerospace industries have welcomed synthetic fibre‐reinforced composites, vastly replacing conventional metals. Despite the superior performance, the usage of synthetic fibre composites has led to the massive dumping of automotive waste in landfills, making the land unfit for future purposes. Therefore, natural fibre‐reinforced composites (NFRCs) quickly replace synthetic fibres with their unique features, such as being lightweight, biodegradable, and non‐toxic, en routing a new path towards a sustainable environment. Though NFRCs are finding new applications in various industries, researchers are trying to enhance their thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties to make them synergic composites. However, with the presence of cellulose, lignin, and wax, natural fibres become highly responsive toward flammability, limiting their use in various emerging applications. As the subject of the flammability of NFRCs has a limited amount of literature, the current review article aims to address the current flammability studies and strategies adopted to improve the flame‐retardant characteristics of NFRCs exclusively. Also, this review covers the factors and influence of different types of flame‐retardant fillers adopted to improve the flame retreatant characteristic of NFRCs and their mechanism. Additionally, this review article summarises various official and laboratory flame‐testing techniques such as radial panel test (RPT), cone calorimetry, and limited oxygen index (LOI) adopted to characterize the flammable properties of NFRCs.Highlights
Natural fiber biocomposites are becoming a potential candidate for structural and interior applications in the automotive and aircraft industries.
Flammability becomes a major alarm as it concerns with the safety of passengers.
The flammability behavior of natural fiber composites is extensively discussed.
Mechanisms, factors, and selection of flame‐retardant materials are reviewed to improve the flame‐retardant characteristics.
The influence of surface treatments, fiber content, and flame‐retardant nanofillers are also elaborately discussed.
Advanced flame testing techniques were conversed with pictorial representation.
Preparation and properties of poly (butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) composites with high bamboo flour content
Authors: Ren Mingtian , Jiang Sike , Zhang Yaqing , Wang Huiling , Wu Qiangxian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study focused on the preparation of bamboo flour/Poly (butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) composites with high bamboo flour content and high mechanical strength using polyurethane prepolymer as chemical–physical compatibilizer via in‐situ reaction. Additionally, this work explored the effects of different bamboo flour contents and different types of polyurethane prepolymers on the mechanical properties, morphology, thermodynamics, water absorption, and surface wettability of the bamboo flour/PBAT composites. The results showed that PBA‐based polyurethane prepolymer (PBAPU) was an effective compatibilizer, promoting the interfacial adhesion between bamboo flour and PBAT. The strength at break, elongation at break, and impact strength of composites with 50% bamboo flour content reached 19.56 MPa, 25.53%, and 12.8 KJ/m2. With the increase of bamboo flour content, the strength of composites was still higher. The addition of PBAPU enhanced the thermal stability, mechanical properties, water resistance, and hydroscopicity of the bamboo flour/PBAT composites. Furthermore, the compatibilization of PBA‐based polyurethane prepolymer on composites was better than that of PCL‐based polyurethane prepolymer. Overall, we provided an effective strategy for preparing renewable, green, and practical high‐bamboo flour composites.Highlights
This work successfully prepared bamboo flour/PBAT composites with high bamboo content using an in‐situ melt blending reaction.
A new interface structure of physical PBA‐PBA interaction between the PBAPU layer and PBAT matrix improved the compatibilization of the composites.
PBAPU as a compatibilizer effectively improved the interface compatibility, thermal stability, and water resistance of Bamboo flour/PBAT blends.
Bamboo flour/PBAT composites with high bamboo flour content have excellent mechanical properties.
Quantitative assessment of impact damage in stitched foam‐filled Aluminium honeycomb Sandwich panels by experimental and machine learning methods
Authors: Dhanesh E. , Nagarajan V. A. , Vinod Kumar K. P. , Karthik B. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNovel Stitched Foam‐filled Honeycomb Sandwich (SFHS) panels have been fabricated using vacuum‐assisted resin transfer molding to address the weak interfaces between the face sheets and the core in the Foam‐filled Honeycomb Sandwich (FHS) panel. The SFHS panels have shown better load‐bearing capacity and performance characteristics compared to FHS panel after Low‐Velocity Impact (LVI) tests. After the LVI test, MATLAB image processing was used to analyze the impact damage areas and failure mechanisms. In addition, Machine Learning regression algorithms were employed to predict the optimal amount of energy absorbed during low‐velocity impact testing of fabricated panels with a maximum impactor drop height of 700 mm. The results indicated that nylon yarn stitching significantly improved energy absorption and interfacial behavior compared to unstitched honeycomb panels. This research also revealed that SFHS1 panels with adjacent honeycomb cell stitching are more impact resistant, provide increased load carrying capacity, and are cost‐effective. These panels can be utilized by modern engineers to increase economy, durability, and functionality in industrial, automotive, and construction applications.Highlights
Stitched Foam Filled Honeycomb Sandwich (SFHS) panels, manufactured via resin transfer molding, and eliminates weak interfaces between the face sheets and core.
SFHS panels outperformed unstitched panels in load‐bearing and energy absorption during low‐velocity impact, as confirmed by MATLAB image analysis showing reduced damage and failure.
Machine learning algorithms particularly polynomial regression model predicted maximum absorption energy precisely with 99.9% accuracy, close to experimental results.
SFHS panels can be used in automotive and industrial applications due to their through‐thickness stitching.
The effect of tetra‐needle‐like zinc oxide whisker as additive on the crystallization kinetics of polybutylene adipate terephthalate/polylactic acid blend
Authors: Zhao Zhibo , Balu Rajkamal , Choudhury Namita Roy , Dutta Naba Kumar 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHerein, we investigate the effect of the addition of tetra‐needle‐like zinc oxide whisker (T‐ZnOw), a novel reinforcing additive, on the melt crystallization behavior of biodegradable polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT)/polylactic acid (PLA) polymer blends. PBAT and PLA were blended in a Haake mixer at a fixed weight ratio of 70/30, and the contents of T‐ZnOw varied from 0 to 7 wt%. The melt thermal properties and crystallization behavior of PBAT/PLA blends and PBAT/PLA/T‐ZnOw composites were studied using differential scanning calorimetry. The kinetics of melt crystallization have been quantitatively explained using a range of mathematical formalisms. The Avrami equation is adopted to analyze the isothermal crystallization process and kinetics of PBAT/PLA/T‐ZnOw composites. For its nonisothermal crystallization process and kinetics, the Ozawa equation cannot describe the entire process, while the Jeziomy‐modified Avrami equation can only describe the initial stage of its nonisothermal crystallization. Using Mo‐analysis, the impact of T‐ZnOw contents on the composite's nonisothermal crystallization kinetic has been thoroughly examined. Given that the PBAT/PLA blend system's crystal formation may be inhibited by T‐ZnOw, the observation demonstrates that T‐ZnOw only marginally alters this process. The work is of significant scientific value and adds a new concept to the development of sustainable thin film for packaging.Highlights
T‐ZnOw is used as a novel additive for PBAT/PLA polymer blends.
The crystallization of PBAT/PLA/T‐ZnOw composite systems is thoroughly examined.
T‐ZnOw marginally reduces the kinetics of the crystallization process of PBAT/PLA blends.
PBAT/PLA/T‐ZnOw composites follow volume nucleation with mixed 2D/1D growth.
The nonisothermal crystallization of PBAT/PLA/T‐ZnOw composites is validated by Mo‐analysis.
Anti‐inflammatory and anti‐hyperalgesic effects induced by an aqueous aged black garlic extract in rodent models of ulcerative colitis and colitis‐associated visceral pain
Authors: Libero Maria Loreta , Lucarini Elena , Recinella Lucia , Ciampi Clara , Veschi Serena , Piro Anna , Chiavaroli Annalisa , Acquaviva Alessandra , Nilofar Nilofar , Orlando Giustino , Generali Daniele , Ghelardini Carla , di Cesare Mannelli Lorenzo , Montero‐Hidalgo Antonio J. , Luque Raúl M. , Ferrante Claudio , Menghini Luigi , di Simone Simonetta Cristina , Brunetti Luigi , Leone Sheila 
Published: June 2024

AbstractInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a morbid condition characterized by relapsing–remitting inflammation of the colon, accompanied by persistent gut dysmotility and abdominal pain. Different reports demonstrated biological activities of aged black garlic (ABG), including anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant effects. We aimed to investigate beneficial effects exerted by ABGE on colon inflammation by using ex vivo and in vivo experimental models. We investigated the anti‐inflammatory effects of an ABG water extract (ABGE) on rat colon specimens exposed to E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a known ex vivo experimental model of ulcerative colitis. We determined gene expression of various biomarkers involved in inflammation, including interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, nuclear factor‐kB (NF‐kB), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α. Moreover, we studied the acute effects of ABGE on visceral pain associated with colitis induced by 2,4‐di‐nitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS) injection in rats. ABGE suppressed LPS‐induced gene expression of IL‐1β, IL‐6, NF‐kB, and TNF‐α. In addition, the acute administration of ABGE (0.03–1 g kg−1) dose‐dependently relieved post‐inflammatory visceral pain, with the higher dose (1 g kg−1) able to significantly reduce both the behavioral nociceptive response and the entity of abdominal contraction (assessed by electromyography) in response to colorectal distension after the acute administration in DNBS‐treated rats. Present findings showed that ABGE could represent a potential strategy for treatment of colitis‐associated inflammatory process and visceral pain. The beneficial effects induced by the extract could be related to the pattern of polyphenolic composition, with particular regard to gallic acid and catechin.
A mechanism for coastal fog genesis at evening transition
Authors: Hintz Thomas J. , Huang Kelly Y. , Hoch Sebastian W. , Bardoel Stef L. , Gaberšek Saša , Gultepe Ismail , Ruiz‐Plancarte Jesus , Pardyjak Eric R. , Wang Qing , Fernando Harindra J. S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTransitional changes in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) are known to facilitate the onset of terrestrial fog, which is defined as a condition with near‐surface visibility <1 km due to airborne water droplets. In particular, the evening transition from a daytime convective ABL to a night‐time stable ABL provides favorable conditions for fog. This article describes a local fog event observed during the evening transition at a Canadian islet in the north Atlantic known as Sable Island during the “Fog and Turbulence Interactions in the Marine Atmosphere (Fatima)” field campaign. The comprehensive set of data collected using a myriad of instruments covering a wide range of scales allowed identification of a novel mechanism underlying this fog event. Therein an ocean–land discontinuity created a flow regime consisting of several stacked boundary layers, interplay of which produced a thin low‐level cloud that then diffused downward to the surface, causing visibility reduction. This mechanism offers useful insights on the role of boundary layers, stratification, and turbulence in fog genesis over oceanic islands.
Isotopic and mineralogic bias introduced by pulverization of aragonite
Authors: Schmitt Katharina E. , Fink Laura J. , Jantschke Anne , Vigelius Daniel , Schöne Bernd R. 
Published: June 2024

RationaleStable carbon and oxygen isotope data of biogenic and abiogenic aragonite are of fundamental relevance in paleoclimate research. Wet‐chemical analysis of such materials requires well‐homogenized, fine‐grained powder. In the present study, the effect of different grinding/milling methods on sample homogeneity and the potential risk of unintentional calcite formation and isotope shift were evaluated.MethodsShells of Arctica islandica and aragonite sputnik crystals were pulverized using a set of commonly used methods, including a hand‐held drill, a vibromill operated at various settings (with and without liquid nitrogen cooling, changes in ball diameters, frequencies, and processing durations), and an agate mortar and pestle. Stable isotope values were measured using an isotope ratio mass spectrometer operated in continuous flow mode. Identification of mineral phases was obtained by powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), Raman spectroscopy, and attenuated total reflectance‐Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) spectroscopy. Calcite content was quantified by PXRD Rietveld refinement.ResultsSamples showed substantial homogeneity, in particular after vibromilling (duration 3–10 min). More vigorous grinding resulted in larger fractions of calcite (0.5–4.2 wt%) and a concomitant δ18O and δ13C decrease, specifically in bivalve shells. The only method for producing pure aragonite powder was by pounding the aragonite sputniks manually with an agate mortar and pestle.ConclusionsNone of the studied, commonly used machine‐based pulverization methods produced pure aragonite powder from samples consisting originally of aragonite. These findings have significant implications for light‐stable isotope‐based paleoclimate reconstructions. Except for abiogenic aragonite powder produced by pounding in an agate mortar, paleotemperatures would be overestimated.
Alder‐Longo Method Derived Cationic Porphyrin‐Based Porous Polymer as Physical Antibacterial Agent for the Bacteria‐Infected Wound Synergy Therapy
Authors: Li Juan , Fu Yiyue , Chu Lichao , Shi Lin , Zhang Junshan , Ju Hui 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe widespread of drug‐resistant genes has greatly exacerbated the difficulty for the effectively tre atment of diseases associated with bacterial infections. The ineffectiveness of antibiotics poses great challenges to the development of new antimicrobial agents, especially those does not cause bacterial resistance. Herein, a cation porous organic polymer (CPOP) denoted as BDPP, was facilely prepared via the Alder‐Longo method skipping the tedious porphyrin‐bearing monomer synthesis procedure. The repeated porphyrin units endowed excellent photoactivity with the porous skeletons, and the inherent cations significantly improved the binding ability of BDPP with the bacterial cell membrane. As a result, the as‐synthesized POPs could be used as a physical broad spectrum sterilization agent, amalgamating the cation and photothermal therapy to exert synergistic amplified antibacterial effects. In vivo assay demonstrated BDPP with good biocompatibility, could also significantly promote the healing of wounds with bacteria‐infection. This work paves a facile way for the rational construction of material‐based antibacterial agent for the bacteria inactivation.
Growth of 1D Carbon Nanotube@Perovskite Core–Shell van der Waals Heterostructures through Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Zhu Mengjia , Xia Kailun , Wang Haomin , Li Shuo , Zhang Mingchao , Wang Huimin , Liang Xiaoping , Chen Ke , Zhang Yingying 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPerovskite is an emerging material with immense potential in the field of optoelectronics. 1D perovskite nanowires are crucial building blocks for the development of optoelectronic devices. However, producing perovskite nanowires with high quality and controlled alignment is challenging. In this study, the direct epitaxial growth of perovskite on oriented carbon nanotube (CNT) templates is presented through a chemical vapor deposition method. The deposition process of lead iodide and methylammonium iodide is systematically investigated, and a layer plus island growth mechanism is proposed to interpret the experimental observations. The aligned long CNTs serve as 1D templates and allow the growth of CNT@perovskite core‐shell heterostructure with a high aspect ratio to withstand large deformation. The obtained 1D perovskite materials can be easily manipulated and transferred, enabling the facile preparation of microscale flexible devices. For proof of concept, a photodetector based on an individual CNT@methylammonium lead iodide heterostructure is fabricated. This work provides a new approach to prepare 1D hetero‐nanostructure and may inspire the design of novel flexible nanophotodetectors.
Sex, gender, sexual orientation, and more: Sexual diversity in Alzheimer's research needs a new lens to achieve inclusive research and generalizable results
Authors: Stites Shana D. , Velocci Beans 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDiversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) efforts in Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD) research are guiding the adoption of two‐step self‐report questions that capture research participants’ identity based on categories of sex, sexual orientation, and gender identity. The intent is to facilitate inclusion and representation of sexual and gender minoritized (SGM) communities in ADRD research. The data from using these questions are on a collision course with another National Institute of Aging initiative, which is aimed at understanding sex differences in ADRD mechanisms. Here, we critically analyze the goals and methods of the two initiatives. We propose that, in addition to being SGM focused, DEI efforts are needed to expand how scientists consider and measure sexual diversity itself.Highlights
Sex, sexual orientation, and gender identity (SSOGI) will be asked in ADRD studies.
SSOGI data will expand representation of research participant identities.
SSOGI data are on a collision course with sex differences research.
Both emphasize sexual diversity (SD) largely as SSOGI identity categories.
Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion efforts must develop SD methods in ADRD research.
Integrated assessment models for resource–environment–economy coordinated development
Authors: Li Hao , Fan Pengru , Wang Yukun , Lu Yang , Chen Feng , Zhang Haotian , Zhang Bin , Wang Bo , Wang Zhaohua 
Published: June 2024

AbstractResources–environment–economy coordinated development (REECD) is important for global sustainable development goals (SDGs). Integrated assessment model (IAM) is widely applied to investigate REECD‐related issues and design policy or technology development pathways. Accordingly, this study reviews existing literatures on the REECD related IAMs in terms of nexus mechanism, classification, theoretical basis and applicability, and puts forward possible expansion dimensions for improving the models. IAMs could be categorized into top‐down ones mainly based on computable general equilibrium and optimization theories, and bottom‐up ones generally based on engineering‐technological and ecology‐environmental analysis. Top‐down and bottom‐up combined IAMs are increasingly employed to evaluate the impacts of policy implementation, technological penetration and behavior modification, in order to improve the accuracy for decision‐making. Meanwhile, IAMs for REECD are need to be further developed to increase its applicability for analyzing high‐resolution and high‐frequency inventories of resource development and pollutant emissions. Existing IAMs should also embrace key resources consumption such as heavy and strategic metals. Due to tighter carbon emission space under 1.5‐degree and carbon‐neutral climate targets, the nexus mechanism of REECD would change significantly in future, which we need to characterize these variations in the models. Furthermore, researchers and developers should pay more attention to model improvement towards the developing and emerging economies.This article is categorized under:
Sustainable Development > Emerging Economies
Sustainable Development > Goals
Human and Social Dimensions > Energy and Climate Justice
Wildlife monitoring with drones: A survey of end users
Authors: Iglay Raymond B. , Jones Landon R. , Elmore Jared A. , Evans Kristine O. , Samiappan Sathish , Pfeiffer Morgan B. , Blackwell Bradley F. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRapid advancements in technology often yield research inquiry into novel applications and drone (i.e., unoccupied aircraft systems or UAS) applications in wildlife management are no exception. We questioned the time lag between drone‐related research and end‐user assessments. We implemented an online, cross‐sectional survey of wildlife professionals to better understand current drone use and benefits or concerns, complemented by a review of contemporary peer‐reviewed and gray literature. We found little disparity between scientific inquiry and end‐user experiences (i.e., similar trends among concerns in published literature and survey results). Exploring new (i.e., advancements in computer vision) and refining original drone applications (i.e., evaluating animal behavior responses during monitoring) were strong among pilots of relatively minimal experience (1–5 years). Advancements in drone technology and changes in drone‐related legislation will continue to offer benefits and challenges.
Best Practices in Technology Usage for Promotion of Music Festivals in Spain
Authors: Toubes Diego R. , Araújo-Vila Noelia , Fraiz-Brea José Antonio 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTechnology plays a crucial role in the success of festivals and music events, contributing to the promotion of tourist destinations, optimization of dissemination processes, accessibility for attendees, and overall enhancement of their experience. This article presents a case study of best practices in the use of technology in festivals and music events in Spain, based on award-winning technological initiatives from the Talkfest Music Fest Summit, which promotes the Iberian Festival Awards. A cooperative benchmarking methodology is employed, and the challenges and directions in the face of the technological paradigm shift posed by artificial intelligence (AI) are assessed. The results provide updated insights into the best practices in technology usage in music events in Spain, as well as identifying challenges and trends in this field.
Controlling Drones in Contemporary Science Fiction
Authors: Rettberg Jill Walker 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis chapter draws upon a dataset that documents and analyses representations of machine vision technologies in 500 creative works, including digital artworks, video games and science fiction novels and movies. Drones are involved in 72 of these works. Analysing a range of examples from contemporary science fiction and video games (e.g. Little Brother (2008), Infinite Detail (2018), Lessons on Leaving Your Body (2014), The Salvage Crew (2020)), this chapter discusses that while machine vision overall is portrayed as more helpful than hostile, drones stand out, alongside facial recognition and surveillance cameras, as more hostile than technologies like holograms, augmented reality, general AI and devices that display the non-visible spectrum. Yet when looking at which actions drones take in machine vision situations, we also see that they are frequently controlled.