bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial analysis of a subalpine heath woodland
Authors: HATTON THOMAS J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe horizontal spatial patterns of heath species have implications in dynamic community modelling, fire behaviour modelling and ecological interpretation. The distribution pattern of the dominant woody species in a subalpine heath woodland near Kiandra, New South Wales was analysed as spatial point processes. The species analysed wereBossiaea foliosa, Grevillea australis, Hakea lissosperma and Oxylobium ellipticum, and both large (>2m) and small (<2 m) snowgums(Eucalyptus pauciflora)They all exhibited significant aggregation at scales ranging from 1 to 15 m. Bivariate spatial analyses of these species revealed significant negative association betweenG. australis and H. lissosperma, between G. australis and O. ellipticum, and between O. ellipticum and H. lissosperma, B. foliosawas independently distributed with respect to other shrub species. There was some evidence for negative association between small snowgums and shrub species, though small snowgums were positively associated with large snowgums. The joint spatial distribution of the individuals of all shrub species was also aggregated. A Poisson cluster process was developed and tested to model the joint spatial pattern of the shrub stratum.
Interactive effects of shade and surface orientation on the recruitment of spirorbid polychaetes
Authors: Saunders R. J. , Connell S. D. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA series of observations and an experiment were carried out to test hypotheses about the effects of shade on the densities of spirorbid polychaetes (Neodexiospira spp.) on intertidal pneumatophores (mangrove roots) of Avicennia marina. Densities of spirorbids were greater on pneumatophores surrounded by seagrass (Zostera mucronata) than patches without seagrass. Within patches of seagrass, the density and survivorship of spirorbids on pneumatophores was greater near the substratum (covered by seagrass) than high above the substratum (not covered by seagrass). The model that these patterns of abundance are explained by greater recruitment of spirorbids to shaded surfaces was assessed. This was done by experimentally testing the hypothesis that recruitment to patches without seagrass would not differ between the upper (unshaded) and lower surfaces (unshaded) of clear plastic sheets, but would be greater on the lower surfaces (shaded) than upper surfaces (unshaded) of black plastic sheets. Recruitment was consistent with these predictions and therefore provided evidence that differences in densities of spirorbids between substrata with and without seagrass may be due largely to differences in shading.
SmallWorlds: Visualizing Social Recommendations
Authors: Gretarsson Brynjar , O'Donovan John , Bostandjiev Svetlin , Hall Christopher , Höllerer Tobias 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe present SmallWorlds, a visual interactive graph‐based interface that allows users to specify, refine and build item‐preference profiles in a variety of domains. The interface facilitates expressions of taste through simple graph interactions and these preferences are used to compute personalized, fully transparent item recommendations for a target user. Predictions are based on a collaborative analysis of preference data from a user's direct peer group on a social network. We find that in addition to receiving transparent and accurate item recommendations, users also learn a wealth of information about the preferences of their peers through interaction with our visualization. Such information is not easily discoverable in traditional text based interfaces. A detailed analysis of our design choices for visual layout, interaction and prediction techniques is presented. Our evaluations discuss results from a user study in which SmallWorlds was deployed as an interactive recommender system on Facebook.
Topographic Map Visualization from Adaptively Compressed Textures
Authors: Andujar C. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractRaster‐based topographic maps are commonly used in geoinformation systems to overlay geographic entities on top of digital terrain models. Using compressed texture formats for encoding topographic maps allows reducing latency times while visualizing large geographic datasets. Topographic maps encompass high‐frequency content with large uniform regions, making current compressed texture formats inappropriate for encoding them. In this paper we present a method for locally‐adaptive compression of topographic maps. Key elements include a Hilbert scan to maximize spatial coherence, efficient encoding of homogeneous image regions through arbitrarily‐sized texel runs, a cumulative run‐length encoding supporting fast random‐access, and a compression algorithm supporting lossless and lossy compression. Our scheme can be easily implemented on current programmable graphics hardware allowing real‐time GPU decompression and rendering of bilinear‐filtered topographic maps.
Effective Techniques to Visualize Filament‐Surface Relationships
Authors: Kuß A. , Gensel M. , Meyer B. , Dercksen V. J. , Prohaska S. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractCombined visualizations of filamentous structures and surrounding volumetric objects are common in biological and medical applications. Often, the structures' spatial relationships remain unclear to the viewer. In this paper, we discuss and evaluate techniques to emphasize spatial relationships. We concentrate on the visualization of transparent objects and intersecting lines. Among various techniques, participants of an exploratory user study preferred coloring of lines, marking of line‐surface intersections by glyphs, and the combination of both. These techniques were additionally evaluated in a confirmatory study in which participants were asked to judge whether a filament runs through a transparent structure. We found that the evaluated techniques significantly improve the participants' performance in terms of the number of correct responses and response time. The best performance was found for the combination of line coloring and intersection glyph display.
Out‐of‐Core Simplification and Crack‐Free LOD Volume Rendering for Irregular Grids
Authors: Du Zhiyan , Chiang Yi‐Jen 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe propose a novel out‐of‐core simplification and level‐of‐detail (LOD) volume rendering algorithm for large irregular grids represented as tetrahedral meshes. One important feature of our algorithm is that it creates a space decomposition as required by I/O‐efficient simplification and volume rendering, and simplifiesboththeinternalandboundaryportions of the sub‐volumes progressively by edge collapses using the (extended) quadric error metric, while ensuring any selected LOD mesh to becrack‐free(i.e., any neighboring sub‐volumes in the LOD have consistent boundaries, and all the cells in the LOD do not have negative volumes), with all computations performed I/O‐ejficiently. This has been an elusive goal for out‐of‐core progressive meshes and LOD visualization, and our novel solution achieves this goal with atheoretical guaranteeto be crack‐free fortetrahedralmeshes. As for selecting a desirable LOD mesh for volume rendering, our technique supportsselective refinementLODs (where different places can have different error bounds), in addition to the basicuniformLODs (where the error bound is the same in all places). The proposedscalar‐value rangeandview‐dependent selectionqueries for selective refinement are especially effective in producing images of the highest quality with a much faster rendering speed. The experiments demonstrate the efficacy of our new technique.
Pluralism and Integrity
Authors: ELEFTHERIADIS PAVLOS 
Published: August 2010

AbstractOne of the theoretical developments associated with the law of the European Union has been the flourishing of legal and constitutional theories that extol the virtues of pluralism. Pluralism in constitutional theory is offered in particular as a novel argument for the denial of unity within a framework of constitutional government. This paper argues that pluralism fails to respect the value of integrity. It also shows that at least one pluralist theory seeks to overcome the incoherence of pluralism by implicitly endorsing monism. The integrity and coherence of European law is best preserved by considering that both the national legal order and the international or European legal orders adopt sophisticated views of their own limits.
Quantitative estimation of islet tissue of pancreas in water rat (Hydromys chrysogaster)
Authors: Edwin Nalini 
Published: August 2010

Pancreases from three male and three female adult water rats (Hydromys chrysogaster) were studied. Estimations of islet tissue mass and of individual cell types were made on paraffin sections of Bouin‐fixed tissue taken from head, neck, body and tail regions of the pancreas of each animal. Islet tissue mass was assessed using a linear scanning technique (Carpenter & Lazarow, 1962) on sections stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Specific cell types were assessed using a point‐intercept method (Weibel, Kistler & Scherle, 1966) on sections stained with aldehyde‐fuchsin for beta (β) cells, phosphotungstic acid haematoxylin for alpha (α) cells and an immunoperoxidase method for somatostatin for delta (δ) cells. Positive regional differences noted were a greater percentage proportion of islet tissue in the tail region and a lower proportion of a cells in the head region. Alpha cells were peripherally situated in the islets.These results show some elements of agreement with a previously proposed hypothesis (Bonner‐Weir & Weir, 1979) regarding the general pattern of arrangement of the mammalian endocrine pancreas.
Dynamics of burrowing and pedal extension in Donax serra (Mollusca: Bivalvia)
Authors: Trueman E. R. , Brown A. C. 
Published: August 2010

Donax serra burrows powerfully and rapidly in the same manner as other infaunal bivalves except that the turgidity of the foot is increased by a standing pressure of up to 3 kPa in the pedal haemocoel. The standing pressure, upon which probing and adduction pulses are superimposed, is derived from muscular tension acting on the blood in the pedal haemocoel, which is held at near constant volume by the closure of Keber's valve. Blood flow through the foot is thus reduced to a minimum at the time of maximal pedal activity and it is possible that pedal respiration is anaerobic during burrowing.Extension of the foot is brought about by blood flow and antagonistic musclc action using blood in the pedal haemocoel as the fluid of a classical fluid‐muscle system. There is no evidence of the presence of a muscular antagonistic system causing pedal protraction as occurs in the columellar muscle of some cyrtosome molluscs.
Geographical variation in body weight and sexual size‐dimorphism of Norwegian moose (Alces alces)
Authors: Sæther B.‐E. , Haagenrud H. 
Published: August 2010

Geographical variation in male carcass weight, and sexual dimorphism in size was studied in 19 populations of Norwegian moose (Alces alces(L.)).Significant age‐specific variation in male carcass weight was found for all the populations studied up to the age of 4 1/2 years, but in some populations maximum weight was not reached until at least 5 1/2 years. Increase in the mean weight of females after the age of 2 1/2 years was not significant. Only a weak relationship existed between mean yearling and adult bull weights in a population. However, within both the southern (< 62°N) and northern (> 62°N) parts of the country, yearling carcass weight was a good predictor of adult bull weight in a region.Adult bull weight in a region was best predicted from the increment in mean carcass weight observed between 1 1/2 and 3 1/2 years of age. Within a region, variation in age‐specific carcass weight between cohorts of bulls from different years was also well predicted from annual variation in growth increment.Those patterns reveal a sexual difference in strategy of body growth. The adult weight of females is probably strongly determined by the weight gained by the time of onset of reproduction. The males have available a longer period for growth in body weight. They are therefore able to compensate for low weights early in life by increased gain of weight in later years, that provide good conditions for growth.Geographical variation in the degree of sexual dimorphism in size correlated only poorly with adult male size. We suggest that the sexual size‐dimorphism is a result of reproductive constraints of the female, i.e. in populations living in poor conditions and having small body size, the onset of reproduction prevents further gain in body weight.
Quantitative estimation of islet tissue of pancreas in Spinifex hopping mouse (Notomys alexis)
Authors: EDWIN NALINI 
Published: August 2010

Pancreases from three male and three female adult Spinifex hopping mice (Notomys alexis) were studied. No correlation was found between pancreas weight and body weight. Estimations of islet tissue mass and of individual cell types were made on paraffin sections of Bouin‐fixed tissue taken from head, neck, body and tail regions of pancreas of each animal. Islet tissue mass was assessed using a linear scanning technique on sections stained with haematoxylin and eosin, and was compared with body weight. Specific cell types were assessed using a point‐intercept method, on aldehyde‐fuchsin‐stained sections for beta (β) cells, and on immunoperoxidase labelled sections for alpha (α) cells (glucagon) and delta (δ) cells (somatostatin). Positive regional differences noted were a greater proportion of islet tissue in the tail region, and a lower proportion of α cells in the head region. Alpha cells were peripherally situated in the islets.These results show some elements of agreement with a previously proposed hypothesis regarding the general patterns of arrangement of the mammalian endocrine pancreas.
Seasonality of some Chihuahuan Desert soil oribatid mites (Acari: Cryptostigmata)
Authors: Wallwork J. A. , Macquitty Miranda , Silva Solange , Whitford W. G. 
Published: August 2010

1. Reproductive strategies of four species of oribatid mites were investigated in the Chihuahuan Desert from 1981 to 1984.2. Breeding activity coincided with the summer rainfall period in three of the four cases: Passalozetes neomexicanus, P. californicus and Jornadia larreae. This pattern was not changed by the application of simulated rainfall at other times of the year. The strict seasonality of reproductive behaviour is interpreted as an outcome of strong selection pressure to recruit only when food quality and quantity and microclimate are most favourable.3. Joshuella striata showed a more flexible pattern which was essentially bimodal. Periods of egg production occurred in winter and also during the summer rainfall period. This pattern is consistent with the known distribution of this species in winter‐ and summer‐rainfall deserts in south‐western USA.
Evolution and character congruence in some western Indian Ocean Phelsuma: Numerical analysis of biochemistry, shape and scalation
Authors: Thorpe R. S. 
Published: August 2010

The evolution of five island populations of Green gecko, representing inter‐ and intra‐specific divergence, was studied using biochemical data, scalation and shape. The data were numerically analysed using ordination analyses for the phenetic classification and Wagner trees to hypothesize the phylogeny. These studies revealed three phenetic groups corresponding to three mono‐phyletic lineages. The numerical analysis of morphological data agreed with the numerical analysis of biochemical data. It is concluded that the classification based on biochemical affinities differed from the previous classification based on conventional analysis of morphology due to methodological and philosophical differences rather than differences between morphological and biochemical evolution.The ordination analyses were very congruent between data sets (biochemical, shape, scalation, total) and the Wagner trees were generally congruent between data sets. Some Wagner trees based on scalation data were incongruent. The phenetic and cladistic classifications corresponded to each other but differed from the conventional classification. The phylogenetic analysis of the total data set indicated that the three specific lineages showed relatively equal anagenesis. However, anagenic divergence differed markedly between character types. It is suggested that a range of character types be used when studying anagenesis.
The life cycle, population dynamics and productivity of Melanoides tuberculata (Muller, 1774) (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia: Thiaridae) in Hong Kong
Authors: Dudgeon David 
Published: August 2010

An investigation of the life cycle, population dynamics and secondary productivity of the viviparous snail Melanoides tuberculuta inhabiting flooded furrows and irrigation ditches at Ping Long, New Territories, Hong Kong, was undertaken between March 1982 and March 1983. There was a single peak in juvenile recruitment coinciding with the warmer months; hatchlings grew quickly and were sexually mature before the next breeding season. Large animals experienced high mortality and few individuals survived until a second breeding season. Secondary productivity and the production: biomass (P:B) ratio of the population (13.43 g shell–free dry weight m−2 yr−1 and 4.81, respectively) were high and exceeded values of these parameters recorded for freshwater prosobranch populations in temperate regions. Ping Long M. tuberculata were exclusively female, as is typical of most populations of this species. Animals > 3.0 mm shell width (90–120 days old) had eggs and developing larvae in the brood pouch, and fully–developed larvae were recorded from brood pouches throughout the study although release of hatchlings was distinctly seasonal.A comparison of life cycle parameters of Malaysian M. turberculata with those of the Ping Long population revealed a marked similarity. The significance of such similarity and the importance of parthenogenicity in the life cycle of this widely distributed snail is discussed. Melanoides tuberculata exhibits the characteristics of an opportunist or ‘fugitive’ species and, by virtue of its reproductive strategies and high productivity, is able to colonize rapidly and temporarily dominate vacant habitats.
Towards population genomics of effector–effector target interactions
Authors: Terauchi Ryohei , Yoshida Kentaro 
Published: August 2010

SummaryPathogen–plant host coevolutionary interactions exert strong natural selection on both organisms, specifically on the genes coding for effectors (pathogens), as well as on those coding for effector targets and R proteins (plant hosts). Natural selection leaves behind DNA sequence signatures on such genes and on linked genomic regions. These signatures can readily be detected by studying the patterns of intraspecies polymorphisms and interspecies divergence of the DNA sequences. Recent developments in DNA sequencing technology have made whole‐genome studies on patterns of DNA polymorphisms : divergence possible. This type of analysis, called ‘population genomics’, appears to be powerful enough to identify novel effector–effector target genes. Here, we provide an overview of the statistical tools used for population genomics and their applications. This is followed by a brief review of evolutionary studies on plant genes involved in host–pathogen interactions. Finally we provide an example from our study onMagnaporthe oryzae.
Inhibition of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein δ expression by chrysin in microglial cells results in anti‐inflammatory and neuroprotective effects
Authors: Gresa‐Arribas Núria , Serratosa Joan , Saura Josep , Solà Carme 
Published: August 2010

J. Neurochem. (2010) 115, 526–536.AbstractThe control of neuroinflammation is a potential target to be considered in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. It is therefore important to find anti‐inflammatory drugs and study new targets that inhibit neuroinflammation. We designed an experimental model of neuroinflammation in vitro to study the anti‐inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of the flavonoid chrysin and the involvement of nuclear factor‐κB p65 and CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins (C/EBPs) β and δ transcription factors in its mechanism of action. We used primary cultures of mouse embryonic cortical neurons and cultures of BV2 (murine microglial cell line) or mouse primary microglia. We induced neuronal death in neuronal‐BV2/microglial co‐cultures using lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli and interferon‐γ. Chrysin pre‐treatment inhibited nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor‐α production, as well as inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in lipopolysaccharide E. coli and interferon‐γ‐treated microglial cells, but did not affect cyclooxygenase‐2 expression. Chrysin pre‐treatment also protected neurons against the neurotoxicity induced by reactive microglial cells. These effects were associated to a decrease in C/EBPδ protein level, mRNA expression, and DNA‐binding activity, with no effect on C/EBPβ and p65 nuclear protein levels or DNA‐binding activity, pointing out C/EBPδ as a possible mediator of chrysin effects. Consequently, C/EBPδ is a possible target to act against neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative processes.
Proportions of Native and Introduced Brown Trout in Adjacent Fished and Unfished Spanish Rivers
Authors: García‐Marín J. L. , Sanz N. , Pla C. 
Published: August 2010

Evidence of different degrees of genetic interactions of exogenous hatchery fish with native populations was electrophoretically obtained from collections of brown trout from four heavily fished areas and eight adjacent protected and unfished areas in northeastern Spain. Although some degree of hybridization or introgression was detected in each collection based on fixed differences between hatchery and native fish at the LDH‐C * locus and less distinct differences were found at three other loci (sMDH‐A2*, IDHP‐2*, IDHP‐3*), fished populations had significantly lower levels of hatchery genes than protected ones. The greater persistence of native fish in areas that were fished and stocked appeared to reflect a greater susceptibility of hatchery‐reared fish to angling. Although it remains uncertain whether this difference is innate or a reflection of hatchery rearing, stocking was ineffective in enhancing the recipient population in the exploited river. These data suggest that different strategies may be needed for protection of native populations in fished and protected areas and that more intense measures may be required in the latter instance.Proporciones de Trucha Común Nativa e Introducida en Ríos Españoles Adyacentes Sometidos o No a Explotación PesqueraA partir del análisis electroforético de muestras de trucha común de cuatro áreas sometidas a un régimen intensivo de pesca y ocho áreas adyacentes protegidas y sin actividad pesquera, se han obtenido evidencias de diferentes grados de interacción genética entre los peces producidos en los centros piscícolas y las poblaciones nativas del noreste de España. En cada muestra se constató algún grado de hibridación o introgresión en base a las diferencias conocidas entre los peces de piscifactoría y los nativos, fijadas en el locus LDH‐C * y menores en otros tres loci (sMDH‐A2*, IDHP‐2*, IDHP‐3*). Sin embargo, los niveles de genes típicos de los centros piscícolas fueron significativamente inferiores en las poblaciones sometidas a explotación pesquera respecto a aquellos observados en las áreas protegidas. Esta mayor persistencia de los genes nativos en las áreas sometidas a explotación, y por ello más intensamente repobladas, parece reflejar una mayor susceptibilidad de los peces criados en los centros piscícolas a ser capturados. A pesar de que es aún incierto si esta diferencia es innata o un reflejo del manejo en el centro piscícola, sí resulta claro que la repoblación se mostró ineficaz para aumentar las poblaciones en los ríos explotados. Los resultados sugieren la necesidad de utilizar diferentes estrategias para la protección de las poblaciones nativas en los zonas pesqueras y en las protegidas, y que en estas últimas serían necesarias medidas más intensas.