bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Public policy to promote healthy nutrition in schools: Views of policymakers
Authors: Walton Mat , Signal Louise , Thomson George 
Published: May 2012

Objectives: This study aimed to identify policy options to support nutrition promotion in New Zealand primary schools. In achieving this aim, the study sought to identify framing by policymakers regarding child diet and obesity; views on the role of schools in nutrition promotion; policy options and degree of support for these options. Issue framing by policymakers and policy option support are important considerations in policy design. Setting: New Zealand policymakers within the health and education policy community. Method: A qualitative study involving 16 semi-structured interviews with New Zealand policymakers. Results: Informants identified multiple drivers and complex causation of childhood obesity. Informants supported the role of schools in promoting nutrition, but recognized that issues external to schools such as poverty and availability of food placed limits on the effectiveness of actions within schools. Most informants agreed state policy was required across settings to encourage and support school nutrition promotion; however, there were some differences expressed in the degree to which state policy should regulate food options and marketing. Conclusion: New Zealand policymakers identify schools as a legitimate focus for policy development and commonly identify environmental contributions to child diet and obesity causation. This suggests a starting point for further policy deliberation and offers the possibility of further cross-sector policy development. The study provides an example for research elsewhere, and for international comparison.
Target Finding With a Spatially Aware Handheld Chart Display
Authors: Ware Colin , Arsenault Roland 
Published: May 2012

Objective: The objective was to evaluate the use of a spatially aware handheld chart display in a comparison with a track-up fixed display configuration and to investigate how cognitive strategies vary when performing the task of matching chart symbols with environmental features under different display geometries and task constraints. Background: Small-screen devices containing both accelerometers and magnetometers support the development of spatially aware handheld maps. These can be designed so that symbols representing targets in the external world appear in a perspective view determined by the orientation of the device. Method: A panoramic display was used to simulate a marine environment. The task involved matching targets in the scene to symbols on simulated chart displays. In Experiment 1, a spatially aware handheld chart display was compared to a fixed track-up chart display. In Experiment 2, a gaze monitoring system was added and the distance between the chart display and the scene viewpoint was varied. Results: All respondents were faster with the handheld device. Novices were much more accurate with the handheld device. People allocated their gaze very differently if they had to move between a map display and a view of the environment. Conclusion: There may be important benefits to spatially aware handheld displays in reducing errors relating to common navigation tasks. Application: Both the difficulty of spatial transformations and the allocation of attention should be considered in the design of chart displays.
Complications Related to Anatomic Reconstruction of the Coracoclavicular Ligaments
Authors: Milewski Matthew D. , Tompkins Marc , Giugale Juan M. , Carson Eric W. , Miller Mark D. , Diduch David R. 
Published: May 2012

Background: Anatomic reconstruction of the coracoclavicular (CC) ligaments has become a popular surgical treatment for high-grade acromioclavicular (AC) dislocations, but little has been reported about complications related to these newer surgical techniques. Purpose: We sought to review the complications related to several new techniques for the anatomic reconstruction of the CC ligaments for the treatment of AC separations. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of the operative treatment of AC separation utilizing anatomic reconstruction of the CC ligaments by reviewing the case logs of 3 fellowship-trained orthopaedic surgeons at a single academic sports medicine center for the past 5 years using appropriate current procedural terminology codes. The medical records and postoperative radiographs were assessed for complications. Results: Twenty-seven cases of anatomic reconstruction of the CC ligaments were reviewed. All patients had an autograft or allograft ligament reconstruction utilizing either a coracoid tunnel (10 cases) or a loop around the coracoid base (17 cases). Eight complications (80%) were noted in the coracoid tunnel group including 2 coracoid fractures (20%), 5 patients with some loss of reduction (more than 5-mm increased CC interval displacement on subsequent postoperative radiographs) (50%), and 1 patient with an intraoperative failure of the coracoid button fixation (10%). Six patients developed complications in the coracoid loop group (35%) including 3 clavicle fractures (18% within group, 11% overall), 1 patient with loss of reduction (6%), 1 patient with loss of reduction and an infection (6% within group, 4% overall), and 1 patient with adhesive capsulitis postoperatively (6% within group, 4% overall). Conclusion: Newer techniques for the anatomic reconstruction of the CC ligaments may have steep learning curves associated with complications such as coracoid and clavicle fractures. Loss of reduction continues to be associated with the operative treatment of high-grade AC separations. Further refinement of surgical technique and experience with the operative treatment of AC separation is warranted.
Synthesis and properties of a novel poly(diethynylbenzene-siloxane) resin
Authors: Wang Fan , Zhou Yan , Huang Farong , Du Lei 
Published: May 2012

A novel kind of resin poly(diethynylbenzene-siloxane) was synthesized. The resin was easily processable at room temperature and thermally polymerized above 180 °C to form a heat-resistant thermoset. The progress and the nature of polymerization reaction were studied by Fourier transform Infrared spectrometry and differential scanning calorimetry. The conversion of the resin to a highly cross-linked thermoset was discussed. The cross-linked resin exhibited high thermal stability. The sintered product of the crosslinked resin above 1450 °C was analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry.
A Study of Young Offenders’ Perceptions of Health and Health Care Services in Custody and in the Community
Authors: Whittle Nathan , Macdonald Wendy , Bailey Sue 
Published: May 2012

The level of unmet health needs in young offenders has been raised as a concern in recent research with this population. There is a lack of research examining the views of young offenders on health issues and the services available to them. This article summarizes a qualitative study conducted in four young offender institutions in the United Kingdom with young people expressing their attitudes toward aspects of health and the provision of health care services. While there were gaps in their knowledge, the young people were well informed of the services they could access. They also identified barriers to accessing these services and the effect that being in custody could have on their health. Many of the young people thought that the services provided in custody addressed their health needs more successfully than community-based services. Implications for user-informed service delivery to meet their health needs are discussed.
Prevalence of anti-drug antibodies against interferon beta has decreased since routine analysis of neutralizing antibodies became clinical practice
Authors: Jungedal Roger , Lundkvist Malin , Engdahl Elin , Ramanujam Ryan , Westerlind Helga , Sominanda Ajith , Hillert Jan , Fogdell-Hahn Anna 
Published: May 2012

Background: Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against interferon beta (IFNβ) lead to loss of treatment efficacy in multiple sclerosis patients. The seroprevalence of NAbs in multiple sclerosis patients treated with IFNβ during 2003–2004 was 32% in a cross-sectional analysis of routine data. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the seroprevalence of NAbs, the levels of NAb titres and the IFNβ preparations used for treatment of multiple sclerosis patients had changed in 2009–2010. Methods: This study included 1296 patients, analysed for NAbs with the myxovirus resistance protein A gene expression assay in 2009–2010. Results: The seroprevalence of NAbs had decreased to 19% in 2009–2010, which is significantly lower compared with the previous study in 2003–2004 ( p<0.0001). This decrease was attributed to the IFNβ-1a preparations only, not to IFNβ-1b. The frequency of patients with high positive titres decreased the most, from 16% to 7% ( p<0.0001). Conclusions: NAb seroprevalence has decreased since NAb monitoring became clinical practice in 2003, especially for patients with high NAb titres. This might be due to the stricter monitoring of NAb titres that prompt NAb positive patients to stop treatment, to preferential use of less immunogenic drugs and to alteration of drug formulations.
A Model for Reduced HIV-1 Viral Load Monitoring in Resource-Limited Settings
Authors: Bryant LeeAnn , Smith Nathaniel , Keiser Philip 
Published: May 2012

Background: Viral load monitoring of antiretroviral therapy in low-income countries is rarely used because of high costs. Reducing the frequency of monitoring may make it financially feasible. Methods: We modeled three testing schemes: reduced viral load monitoring (RVLM) with CD4 count at baseline and viral load testing at 6, 36, and 60 months; United States Department of Health and Human Services (US DHHS) Treatment Guidelines; and World Health Organization (WHO) Guidelines using a cohort of 313 HIV-infected patients using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results: Median time to detection of antiretroviral therapy (ART) failure using RVLM was 147 days; using US DHHS, it was 115 days; and using WHO guidelines, it was 1110 days. Median time for the development of first thymidine analog mutation was 594 days. The cost of RVLM was significantly lower than US DHHS. Conclusions: RVLM detected failure significantly sooner than CD4 count monitoring alone at a lower cost than US DHHS monitoring. RVLM is a potentially effective method of monitoring ART in resource-limited settings.
A Giant Pancreatic Pseudocyst in a Patient with HIV Infection
Authors: De Socio Giuseppe Vittorio , Vispi Margherita , Fischer Matthias Joachim , Baldelli Franco 
Published: May 2012

This article describes the first case of a giant pancreatic pseudocyst in a 48-year-old man with HIV infection under combination antiretroviral therapy. The patient presented with an abdominal mass involving the epigastrium, left hypochondrium, and left flank. An enhanced abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan showed a well-defined cyst of 21 cm in diameter, with a liquid content that dislocated adjacent viscera. Microbiological and cytological tests on fluid were negative, confirming diagnosis of pancreatic pseudocyst. The CT-guided percutaneous drainage was carried out and the patient’s clinical condition gradually improved.
Extracellular matrix protein tenascin-C is required in the bone marrow microenvironment primed for hematopoietic regeneration
Authors: Nakamura-Ishizu Ayako , Okuno Yuji , Omatsu Yoshiki , Okabe Keisuke , Morimoto Junko , Uede Toshimitsu , Nagasawa Takashi , Suda Toshio , Kubota Yoshiaki 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe BM microenvironment is required for the maintenance, proliferation, and mobilization of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), both during steady-state conditions and hematopoietic recovery after myeloablation. The ECM meshwork has long been recognized as a major anatomical component of the BM microenvironment; however, the molecular signatures and functions of the ECM to support HSPCs are poorly understood. Of the many ECM proteins, the expression of tenascin-C (TN-C) was found to be dramatically up-regulated during hematopoietic recovery after myeloablation. The TN-C gene was predominantly expressed in stromal cells and endothelial cells, known as BM niche cells, supporting the function of HSPCs. Mice lacking TN-C (TN-C−/−) mice showed normal steady-state hematopoiesis; however, they failed to reconstitute hematopoiesis after BM ablation and showed high lethality. The capacity to support transplanted wild-type hematopoietic cells to regenerate hematopoiesis was reduced in TN-C−/− recipient mice. In vitro culture on a TN-C substratum promoted the proliferation of HSPCs in an integrin α9–dependent manner and up-regulated the expression of the cyclins (cyclinD1 and cyclinE1) and down-regulated the expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (p57Kip2, p21Cip1, p16Ink4a). These results identify TN-C as a critical component of the BM microenvironment that is required for hematopoietic regeneration.
EVI1 is critical for the pathogenesis of a subset of MLL-AF9–rearranged AMLs
Authors: Bindels Eric M. J. , Havermans Marije , Lugthart Sanne , Erpelinck Claudia , Wocjtowicz Elizabeth , Krivtsov Andrei V. , Rombouts Elwin , Armstrong Scott A. , Taskesen Erdogan , Haanstra Jurgen R. , Beverloo H. Berna , Döhner Hartmut , Hudson Wendy A. , Kersey John H. , Delwel Ruud , Kumar Ashish R. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
The proto-oncogene EVI1 (ecotropic viral integration site-1), located on chromosome band 3q26, is aberrantly expressed in human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with 3q26 rearrangements. In the current study, we showed, in a large AML cohort carrying 11q23 translocations, that ∼ 43% of all mixed lineage leukemia (MLL)–rearranged leukemias are EVI1pos. High EVI1 expression occurs in AMLs expressing the MLL-AF6, -AF9, -AF10, -ENL, or -ELL fusion genes. In addition, we present evidence that EVI1pos MLL-rearranged AMLs differ molecularly, morphologically, and immunophenotypically from EVI1neg MLL-rearranged leukemias. In mouse bone marrow cells transduced with MLL-AF9, we show that MLL-AF9 fusion protein maintains Evi1 expression on transformation of Evi1pos HSCs. MLL-AF9 does not activate Evi1 expression in MLL-AF9–transformed granulocyte macrophage progenitors (GMPs) that were initially Evi1neg. Moreover, shRNA-mediated knockdown of Evi1 in an Evi1pos MLL-AF9 mouse model inhibits leukemia growth both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that Evi1 provides a growth-promoting signal. Using the Evi1pos MLL-AF9 mouse leukemia model, we demonstrate increased sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents on reduction of Evi1 expression. We conclude that EVI1 is a critical player in tumor growth in a subset of MLL-rearranged AMLs.
Loss of heterozygosity in 7q myeloid disorders: clinical associations and genomic pathogenesis
Authors: Jerez Andres , Sugimoto Yuka , Makishima Hideki , Verma Amit , Jankowska Anna M. , Przychodzen Bartlomiej , Visconte Valeria , Tiu Ramon V. , O'Keefe Christine L. , Mohamedali Azim M. , Kulasekararaj Austin G. , Pellagatti Andrea , McGraw Kathy , Muramatsu Hideki , Moliterno Alison R. , Sekeres Mikkael A. , McDevitt Michael A. , Kojima Seiji , List Alan , Boultwood Jacqueline , Mufti Ghulam J. , Maciejewski Jaroslaw P. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Loss of heterozygosity affecting chromosome 7q is common in acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes, pointing toward the essential role of this region in disease phenotype and clonal evolution. The higher resolution offered by recently developed genomic platforms may be used to establish more precise clinical correlations and identify specific target genes. We analyzed a series of patients with myeloid disorders using recent genomic technologies (1458 by single-nucleotide polymorphism arrays [SNP-A], 226 by next-generation sequencing, and 183 by expression microarrays). Using SNP-A, we identified chromosome 7q loss of heterozygosity segments in 161 of 1458 patients (11%); 26% of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia patients harbored 7q uniparental disomy, of which 41% had a homozygous EZH2 mutation. In addition, we describe an SNP-A–isolated deletion 7 hypocellular myelodysplastic syndrome subset, with a high rate of progression. Using direct and parallel sequencing, we found no recurrent mutations in typically large deletion 7q and monosomy 7 patients. In contrast, we detected a markedly decreased expression of genes included in our SNP-A defined minimally deleted regions. Although a 2-hit model is present in most patients with 7q uniparental disomy and a myeloproliferative phenotype, haplodeficient expression of defined regions of 7q may underlie pathogenesis in patients with deletions and predominant dysplastic features.
Use of serial analysis of gene expression to reveal the specific regulation of gene expression profile in asthmatic rats treated by acupuncture
Authors: Yin Lei-Miao , Jiang Gong-Hao , Wang Yu , Wang Yan , Liu Yan-Yan , Jin Wei-Rong , Xu Yu-Dong , Zhang Qing-Hua , Yang Yong-Qing 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackgroundAsthma has become an important public health issue and approximately 300 million people have suffered from the disease worldwide. Nowadays, the use of acupuncture in asthma is increasing. This study intended to systematically analyze and compare the gene expression profiles between the asthmatic and acupuncture-treated asthmatic rat lung, and tried to gain insight into the molecular mechanism underlying the early airway response (EAR) phase of asthma treated by acupuncture.MethodsFour tag libraries of serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) were established from lung tissues of control rats (CK), asthmatic rats (AS), asthmatic rats treated by acupuncture (ASAC), and control rats treated by acupuncture (CKAC). Bioinformatic analyses were carried out by using the methods including unsupervised hierarchical clustering, functional annotation tool of the database for annotation, visualization, and integrated discovery (DAVID), gene ontology (GO) tree machine, and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis.ResultsThere were totally 186 differentially expressed tags (P < 0.05, PCK/AS) between the libraries of CK and AS, 130 differentially expressed tags between libraries of AS/ASAC (P < 0.05, PAS/ASAC), and 144 differentially expressed tags between libraries of CK/CKAC (P < 0.05, PCK/CKAC). The gene expression profiles of AS and ASAC were more similar than other libraries via unsupervised SAGE clustering. By comparison of PCK/ASand PAS/ASAC, the DAVID genes functional classification was found to be changed from "immune response" to "response to steroid hormone stimulus", and the GO term "antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen" disappeared in PAS/ASAC. Totally 3 same KEGG pathways were found among the three groups. Moreover, 21 specific tags of the acupuncture in treating asthma were detected using Venn diagrams.ConclusionOur SAGE research indicates that the gene expression profile of the EAR phase of asthma could be effectively and specifically regulated by acupuncture, which suggests that the gene expression of immune response and steroid hormone may play an important role in the treatment.
Distribution of nitrogen fixation and nitrogenase-like sequences amongst microbial genomes
Authors: Dos Santos Patricia C , Fang Zhong , Mason Steven W , Setubal João C , Dixon Ray 
Published: May 2012

Abstract

Background
The metabolic capacity for nitrogen fixation is known to be present in several prokaryotic species scattered across taxonomic groups. Experimental detection of nitrogen fixation in microbes requires species-specific conditions, making it difficult to obtain a comprehensive census of this trait. The recent and rapid increase in the availability of microbial genome sequences affords novel opportunities to re-examine the occurrence and distribution of nitrogen fixation genes. The current practice for computational prediction of nitrogen fixation is to use the presence of the nifH and/or nifD genes.

Results
Based on a careful comparison of the repertoire of nitrogen fixation genes in known diazotroph species we propose a new criterion for computational prediction of nitrogen fixation: the presence of a minimum set of six genes coding for structural and biosynthetic components, namely NifHDK and NifENB. Using this criterion, we conducted a comprehensive search in fully sequenced genomes and identified 149 diazotrophic species, including 82 known diazotrophs and 67 species not known to fix nitrogen. The taxonomic distribution of nitrogen fixation in Archaea was limited to the Euryarchaeota phylum; within the Bacteria domain we predict that nitrogen fixation occurs in 13 different phyla. Of these, seven phyla had not hitherto been known to contain species capable of nitrogen fixation. Our analyses also identified protein sequences that are similar to nitrogenase in organisms that do not meet the minimum-gene-set criteria. The existence of nitrogenase-like proteins lacking conserved co-factor ligands in both diazotrophs and non-diazotrophs suggests their potential for performing other, as yet unidentified, metabolic functions.

Conclusions
Our predictions expand the known phylogenetic diversity of nitrogen fixation, and suggest that this trait may be much more common in nature than it is currently thought. The diverse phylogenetic distribution of nitrogenase-like proteins indicates potential new roles for anciently duplicated and divergent members of this group of enzymes.
Coverage evaluation of universal bacterial primers using the metagenomic datasets
Authors: Mao Dan-Ping , Zhou Quan , Chen Chong-Yu , Quan Zhe-Xue 
Published: May 2012

Abstract

Background
The coverage of universal primers for the bacterial 16S rRNA gene plays a crucial role in the correct understanding of microbial community structure. However, existing studies on primer coverage are limited by the lack of appropriate databases and are restricted to the domain level. Additionally, most studies do not account for the positional effect of single primer-template mismatches. In this study, we used 7 metagenomic datasets as well as the Ribosomal Database Project (RDP) to assess the coverage of 8 widely used bacterial primers.

Results
The coverage rates for bacterial primers were found to be overestimated by previous studies that only investigated the RDP because of PCR amplification bias in the sequence composition of the dataset. In the RDP, the non-coverage rates for all primers except 27F were ≪6%, while in the metagenomic datasets, most were ≫10%. If one considers that a single mismatch near the 3′ end of the primer might greatly reduce PCR efficiency, then some phylum non-coverage rates would change by more than 20%. Primer binding-site sequence variants that could not pair with their corresponding primers are discussed.

Conclusions
Our study revealed the potential bias introduced by the use of universal bacterial primers in the assessment of microbial communities. With the development of high-throughput, next-generation sequencing techniques, it will become feasible to sequence more of the hypervariable regions of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. This, in turn, will lead to the more frequent use of the primers discussed here.