bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of Locking Plate in Long-Bone Atrophic Nonunion Following External Fixation
Authors: Sun Si-guo , Zhang Yong , Zheng Lian-he , Li Jun , Fan De-gang , Ma Bao-an 
Published: May 2011

The treatment of atrophic fracture nonunion continues to represent a therapeutic challenge. Large segmental osteopenia is often seen in patients who received uniplanar or hybrid external fixators as the definitive method of fixation for high-energy fractures, and this adds more difficulties to the treatment of fracture nonunion. This retrospective study was designed to assess the outcome of locking compression plating with autologous bone grafting in patients with long-bone atrophic nonunion following external fixation.
From January 2004 to December 2009, a series of consecutive patients with atrophic nonunion of the long bone following external fixation were treated with this method in our institution. The clinical outcomes and complications of these patients were retrospectively analyzed. Twenty-seven patients with 28 fracture nonunions were involved in this study. Mean follow-up was 14.2±3.4 months. Bony union was achieved in all 27 patients within a mean 18.6±4.8 weeks after revision surgery. Two patients developed superficial wound infections. No deep infections were found, and no implant failure was seen. Three patients reported minor pain in the donor site of the bone graft, and no other donor site complications were found.
Revision osteosynthesis of long-bone atrophic nonunion following external fixation by locking compression plating with autologous iliac crest bone grafting represents a safe and efficacious modality for the treatment of these challenging conditions.
Lower Extremity Bypass Graft Occlusion After Intramedullary Fixation of Intertrochanteric Hip Fracture on a Fracture Table
Authors: Wiltfong Roger E. , Taylor Benjamin C. , Steensen Robert N. 
Published: May 2011

This article presents a case of a 90-year-old woman who previously underwent a common femoral to anterior tibial artery bypass grafting with a Gore-Tex graft (Gore Medical, Flagstaff, Arizona). She subsequently sustained an ipsilateral intertrochanteric hip fracture after a mechanical fall and underwent internal fixation with an intramedullary nail using a fracture table. In the immediate postoperative period, she developed limb-threatening ischemia in her leg due to graft thrombosis. The patient underwent a successful thrombectomy and embolectomy. However, she subsequently developed nonhealing ulcers to this extremity over the course of weeks, requiring surgical debridement. Gangrene ensued and she underwent a below-the-knee amputation.
Complications from the use of fracture tables have been described for perineal soft tissue injury, leg malrotation or malalignment, neurologic injury, and iatrogenic compartment syndrome of the healthy leg. Arterial complications after intramedullary fixation of femur fractures are rare and may be caused by direct arterial trauma during placement of the locking screws through the intramedullary nail. This article is the first, to our knowledge, to describe an occlusion of a lower extremity bypass graft after intramedullary fixation on a fracture table. Surgeons should be aware of potential limb threatening ischemia in patients with peripheral vascular disease, especially in those with prior lower extremity bypass grafts. Proper preoperative counseling should be given to these patients when using fracture tables during hip fracture surgery.
Freyd's Generating Hypothesis for Groups with Periodic Cohomology
Authors: Chebolu Sunil K. , Christensen J. Daniel , Mináč Ján 
Published: May 2011

AbstractLet G be a finite group, and let k be a field whose characteristic p divides the order of G. Freyd's generating hypothesis for the stable module category of G is the statement that a map between finite-dimensional kG-modules in the thick subcategory generated by k factors through a projective if the induced map on Tate cohomology is trivial. We show that if G has periodic cohomology, then the generating hypothesis holds if and only if the Sylow p-subgroup of G is C2 or C3. We also give some other conditions that are equivalent to the GH for groups with periodic cohomology.
Características de la figura humana en los spots de bebidas emitidos en España en 2006
Authors: Rausell Köster Claudia , González Díaz Cristina , Ortiz Díaz–Guerra María Jesús 
Published: May 2011

Hentges, Beth A.,y Bartsch, Robert A., y Meier, Jo A., 2007: “Gender Representation in commercial as a Function of Targe Audience Age”, Communication Research Reports Vol 24, nº 1, pp. 55-62.Delgado, J.M. y Gutierrez, Juan, 1999: Métodos y técnicas cualitativas de investigación en ciencias sociales. Madrid: Síntesis.Espinar Ruiz, Eva, 2006: “Imágenes y estereotipos de género en la programación y en la publicidad infantil. Análisis cuantitativo”. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social 61, La Laguna (Tenerife), enero-diciembre, consultada en http://www.ull.es/publicaciones/latina/200614EspinarRuiz.htm.Gaitán Moya, J.A. y Piñuel Raigada, J.L. 1998: Técnicas de investigación en comunicación social. Elaboración y registro de datos. Madrid: Síntesis.Gilly, M.C., 1988: “Sex roles in advertising”. Journal of Marketing, Abril pp. 75-85.Ganahl, Dennis, y Prinsen, Thomas J., y Baker Netzley, Sara, 2003: “A Content Analysis of Prime Time Commercials: A Contextual Framework of Gender Representation” Sex Roles 9-10, Vol 49, Springer Netherlands, noviembre, pp. 545-551Hargreaves, Duane y Tiggemann, Marika, 2002: “The Effect of Television Commercials on Mood and Body Dissatisfaction: The Roles Of Appearance-Schema Activation” Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 21. pp 287-308.León, J.L., 1989: Los efectos de la publicidad. Barcelona: Ariel Comunicación.Rey, J., 1994: El hombre fingido, Madrid: Fundamentos.Royo-Vela, Marcelo, y Aldas-Manzano, Joaquin, y Küster, Inés,y Vila, Natalia, 2008: “Adaptation of Marketing Activities to Cultural and Social Context: Gender Role Portrayals ans Sexism in Spanish Commercials” Sex Roles 58, Nº 5-6, marzo, pp. 379-390.

* El presente estudio ha podido ser llevado a cabo gracias a la ayuda recibida de la Consellería de Educación de la Generalitat Valenciana, que ha financiado el proyecto de Investigación GV06/090 titulado: “Los valores sociales en los spots publicitarios emitidos en el 2006”.
Intrathymic epstein‐barr virus infection is not a prominent feature of myasthenia gravis
Authors: Kakalacheva Kristina , Maurer Michael A. , Tackenberg Björn , Münz Christian , Willcox Nick , Lünemann Jan D. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractLymph node‐type T‐ and B‐cell infiltrates with germinal centers are characteristic features of the hyperplastic thymus in early onset myasthenia gravis (EOMG).Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) infection confers survival advantages on B cells, and has recently been implicated in tertiary lymphoid tissue formation in EOMG. We evaluated the frequency of intrathymic EBV‐infected B‐lineage cells and antiviral immune responses in treatment‐naive patients with EOMG. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction was performed to quantify the content of genomic EBV DNA (BamHI‐W repeat region) in thymic cell suspensions. Serial paraffin sections of EOMG thymi were analyzed for the presence of EBV‐encoded RNA by in situ hybridization and for viral gene expression by immunohistochemistry. Humoral and cellular immune responses to viral antigens were quantified by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry‐based intracellular cytokine staining. We detected minimal levels of viral DNA—corresponding to single viral genomes—in only 6 of 16 hyperplastic EOMG thymi, indicating extreme rarity of viral copy numbers in the investigated thymic samples. That was confirmed by similar rarity of EBV‐encoded RNA and viral proteins identified in thymic sections. Furthermore, EBV‐specific T‐ and B‐cell responses were unchanged in patients with EOMG. These findings do not support an etiologic role for EBV in the initiation of EOMG. Ann Neurol 2011;70: 508–514.
Nanocelluloses: A New Family of Nature‐Based Materials
Authors: Klemm Dieter , Kramer Friederike , Moritz Sebastian , Lindström Tom , Ankerfors Mikael , Gray Derek , Dorris Annie 
Published: May 2011

AbstractCellulose fibrils with widths in the nanometer range are nature‐based materials with unique and potentially useful features. Most importantly, these novel nanocelluloses open up the strongly expanding fields of sustainable materials and nanocomposites, as well as medical and life‐science devices, to the natural polymer cellulose. The nanodimensions of the structural elements result in a high surface area and hence the powerful interaction of these celluloses with surrounding species, such as water, organic and polymeric compounds, nanoparticles, and living cells. This Review assembles the current knowledge on the isolation of microfibrillated cellulose from wood and its application in nanocomposites; the preparation of nanocrystalline cellulose and its use as a reinforcing agent; and the biofabrication of bacterial nanocellulose, as well as its evaluation as a biomaterial for medical implants.
Improving foam ability of polypropylene by crosslinking
Authors: Liu Hui , Chuai Chengzhi , Iqbal Mahmood , Wang Huashan , Kalsoom Bi Bi , Khattak Manzoor , Qasim Khattak Malik 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn this study, silane crosslinked polypropylene (PP) was prepared by grafting of silane onto the backbone of PP in a melt process using a twin‐screw extruder and then crosslinking in warm water; an attempt was made to improve the melt strength of PP. In the present work, benzoyl peroxide was used as initiator, silane as a monomer, styrene as assisted crosslinking agent. PP foam board with well‐distributed and fine blowing hole was prepared by compression molding technology, employing azodicarbamide as blowing agent, talcum powder as nucleation agent. The effects of silane and peroxide concentration on the silane crosslinked PP were investigated. The surface morphology of the foam was accomplished by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The thermal behavior of the silane crosslinked PP was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and the elastic response was investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The melt strength of the silane crosslinked PP was characterized by tension strength at high temperature tests. The results showed that the melt strength of the crosslinked PP was significantly enhanced, whereas melt flow rate, sag resistance, and tension strength at high temperature tests facilitated the foam formation. DSC analysis showed that the crystallization temperature of the silane crosslinked PP was increased compared with pure PP, which leads to high melting temperature and increased crystallinity. The results revealed that high melt strength PP(HMSPP) could be prepared by a method of silane crosslinking. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Dielectric and tensile behavior of nanoclay reinforced polyetherimide nanocomposites
Authors: Dwivedi Mayank , Dixit Alok , Alam Sarfaraz , Ghosh Anup K. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractPolyetherimide (PEI)/organoclay (Cloisite 30B) nanocomposite and PEI/pristine nanoclay (K10) nanocomposite were made by solution casting process. Nanoclay content of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0% (by weight) was reinforced in PEI. The dielectric properties (dielectric constant, loss tangent, and electromagnetic transmission/reflection losses) of PEI/Cloisite 30B were observed lower than PEI/K10 in X band frequency (8 to 12 GHz). Mixed morphology in terms of intercalation and exfoliation was evident in wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) analysis and transmission electron micrographs (TEM) of PEI/Cloisite 30B. Whereas, in PEI/K10, immiscibility, segregation, and phase separation of K10 were observed in WAXD analysis and scanning electron micrographs (SEM). Tensile properties (tensile strength, modulus, and elongation at break) of PEI/Cloisite 30B were superior to PEI/K10. Reinforcement with 1%, by weight, of Cloisite 30B in PEI resulted in the optimum properties, among all the compositions. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
The physical and mechanical properties of beta‐nucleated polypropylene/montmorillonite nanocomposites
Authors: Prachum Yongyut , Adam Strauss Roman Helmuth , Kiatkamjornwong Suda 
Published: May 2011

AbstractPolypropylene (PP) and polypropylene/polypropylene‐g‐maleic anhydride/ organomontmorillonite (PP/PP‐g‐MA/OMMT) nanocomposites were modified with 0.05 to 0.3% (w/w) of the aryl amide β‐nucleator to promote the formation of hexagonal crystal modification (β‐phase) during melt crystallization. The nonisothermal crystallization behavior of PP, PP/PP‐g‐MA/OMMT and β‐nucleated PP/PP‐g‐MA/OMMT nanocomposites were studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry. Structure‐property relationships of the PP nanocomposites prepared by melt compounding were mainly focused on the effect and quantity of the aryl amide nucleator. The morphological observations, obtained from scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction analyses are presented in conjunction with the thermal, rheological, and mechanical properties of these nanocomposites. Chemical interactions in the nanocomposites were observed by FT‐IR. It was found that the β‐crystal modification affected the thermal and mechanical properties of PP and PP/PP‐g‐MA/OMMT nanocomposites, while the PP/PP‐g‐MA/OMMT nanocomposites of the study gained both a higher impact strength (50%) and flexural modulus (30%) compared to that of the neat PP. β‐nucleation of the PP/PP‐g‐MA/OMMT nanocomposites provided a slight reduction in density and some 207% improvement in the very low tensile elongation at break at 92% beta nucleation. The crystallization peak temperature (Tcp) of the PP/PP‐g‐MA/OMMT nanocomposite was slightly higher (116°C) than the neat PP (113°C), whereas the β‐nucleation increased the crystallization temperature of the PP/PP‐g‐MA/OMMT/aryl amide to 128°C, which is of great advantage in a commercial‐scale mold processing of the nanocomposites with the resulting lower cycle times. The beta nucleation of PP nanocomposites can thus be optimized to obtain a better balance between thermal and mechanical properties. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011.
Rheological study of self‐crosslinking and co‐crosslinking of ammonium zirconium carbonate and starch in aqueous solutions
Authors: Song Delong , Breedveld Victor , Deng Yulin 
Published: May 2011

AbstractDifferent from common hydrogel systems formed by a polymer and a crosslinker, a hydrogel consisting of both self‐crosslinkable ammonium zirconium carbonate (AZC) and co‐crosslinkable starch was investigated in this study using rheological measurements. The evolution of viscoelastic properties of AZC solutions and AZC‐starch mixtures was characterized, and the crosslinking kinetics was determined. It was found that for both AZC self‐crosslinking and AZC‐starch co‐crosslinking, the initial bond formation rate and the gel strength exhibited a power law scaling with polymer concentrations. The competition reaction between self‐crosslinking and co‐crosslinking indicates that the gelation kinetics strongly depends on the AZC concentration but less depends on starch concentration. The temperature dependence of crosslinking was described by the Arrhenius plots which demonstrate a good linearity. It was determined that the activation energy of AZC self‐crosslinking was approximately 145–151 kJ/mol, and the activation energy of AZC‐starch co‐crosslinking was 139 kJ/mol. The effect of solution pH on the crosslinking process was also studied. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Bacterial nanocellulose‐reinforced arabinoxylan films
Authors: Stevanic Jasna S. , Joly Catherine , Mikkonen Kirsi S. , Pirkkalainen Kari , Serimaa Ritva , Rémond Caroline , Toriz Guillermo , Gatenholm Paul , Tenkanen Maija , Salmén Lennart 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThere is an increasing interest in substituting today's films for food packaging applications with films based on renewable resources. For this purpose, rye arabinoxylans, unmodified and enzymatically debranched, were studied for the preparation of neat films and composite films reinforced with bacterial cellulose (BC). Mixing in a homogenizer produced optically transparent, uniform films. Physical and mechanical characteristics of such films are here reported. Debranching of the arabinoxylan caused an increase in its crystallinity of 20%. Debranching as well as reinforcement with BC resulted in a decrease of the moisture sorption of the films. The debranching also resulted in a reduced breaking strain while the reinforcement with BC increased stiffness and strength of the films. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Hydrogels for water filters: Preparation and antibacterial evaluation
Authors: Ahmed Abd El‐Shafey I. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAcrylic acid was crosslinked with N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide and converted to bioactive hydrogels by neutralization with different amino containing compounds. Several amino containing compounds were used such as 2‐aminopyridine, triethanol amine, hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA), pyridine, and imidazole. The best crosslinker ratio was determined in addition to the maximum absorbed water in different mediums. The antibacterial activity of the prepared gels were examined against examples of Gram‐positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram‐negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) using agar plate method. The study was extended by evaluating one of prepared gels in columns as models for water filters. All prepared gels showed antibacterial action in agar plate method against both bacterium and the column method using one of the prepared gels showed excellent filtration and biocidal action. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Poly(vinyl alcohol)‐g‐lactic acid copolymers and films with silver nanoparticles
Authors: Tudorachi Nita , Lipsa Rodica 
Published: May 2011

AbstractPoly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), a well‐known synthetic biodegradable, biocompatible, and hydrophilic polymer is susceptible to several structural modifications, due to the presence of hydroxyl groups in its backbone. PVA was grafted with L(+)‐lactic acid (LA) in molar ratios VA/LA (1/1, 1.5/1, and 2.2/1), manganese acetate as catalyst, by solution polycondensation procedure, resulting the poly(vinyl alcohol)‐g‐lactic acid copolymers. Aqueous solutions of copolymers with glycerol as plasticizer, silver nanoparticles (Ago), and sodium tetraborate as crosslinking agent were used for films casting. The copolymers were characterized by FTIR and 1H RMN spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, thermal analyses (DTG and DSC), silver particles size, while films were characterized by mechanical properties and mechanodynamic analyses. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Self, Identity and the IDR Cycle: Understanding the Deeper Meaning of “Face” in Mediation
Authors: Bader Elizabeth E. 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTIssues of self and identity form the psychological core of negotiation and mediation. Generally, the conflict resolution literature analyzes these “face” issues from social psychological or behavioral perspectives. In this paper, psychoanalytic developmental and interdisciplinary perspectives are used.Psychoanalytic developmental theory consistently recognizes that with the development of a healthy sense of self, human beings also develop a reality‐based and objective, but ideally also self‐reflective, sense of self‐and‐other. This thread runs though the work of many theorists. Fostering the development of this sense of self‐and‐other is also crucial for mediation. It helps parties consider and resolve competing claims.Perspectives from neuroscience and certain spiritual teachings, however, emphasize the limits of our traditional notions of self and identity. These perspectives can assist mediators in one of their most important tasks: helping parties realize that the value of their identities is not contingent upon the outcome of the negotiation.The IDR cycle is perhaps the most important psychological dynamic in the mediation of civil disputes. This is the pattern of narcissistic inflation, deflation and realistic resolution typically experienced by parties in mediation. Impasse is a critical moment in the cycle. As in psychoanalytic impasse, mediators' capacity to release their own sense of self‐investment in the outcome of the mediation is often the key to helping clients through impasse. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Biological Activities of 2‐Amino‐thiazole‐5‐carboxylic Acid Phenylamide Derivatives
Authors: Liu Wukun , Zhou Jinpei , Qi Fan , Bensdorf Kerstin , Li Zhiyu , Zhang Huibin , Qian Hai , Huang Wenlong , Cai Xueting , Cao Peng , Wellner Anja , Gust Ronald 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn an attempt to develop potent and selective anti‐tumor drugs, a series of novel 2‐amino‐thiazole‐5‐carboxylic acid phenylamide derivatives were designed based on the structure of dasatinib. All compounds were synthesized by a systematic combinatorial chemical approach. Biological evaluation revealed that N‐(2‐chloro‐6‐methylphenyl)‐2‐(2‐(4‐methylpiperazin‐1‐yl)acetamido)thiazole‐5‐carboxamide (6d) exhibited high antiproliferative potency on human K563 leukemia cells comparable to dasatinib. Against mammary and colon carcinoma cells 6d was either inactive (MDA‐MB 231) or distinctly less active (MCF‐7 and HT‐29: IC50 = 20.2 and 21.6 µM, respectively). Dasatinib showed at each cell line IC50 < 1 µM. The results of this structure activity relationship study clearly documented that the pyrimidin‐4‐ylamino core of dasatinib is responsible for the anti‐tumor activity against non‐leukemia cell lines.
Thienopyrimidines as Novel Inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberclosis: Synthesis and In‐vitro Studies
Authors: Rashmi P. , Nargund Laxmi Venkatesh Gurachar , Hazra Kuntal , Chandra J. N. Narendra Sharath 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA series of novel 5,6‐unsubstituted thieno‐[2,3‐d]‐pyrimidines has been synthesized and tested for growth inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. Of twelve compounds synthesized eleven have shown antimycobacterial activity that differs in potency. Compounds 7b, 7c, 7d, 7e, 7f, and 7g exhibited good antimycobacterial activity. MIC values of the compounds tested were comparable with pyrazinamide. Six compounds which have shown good antimycobacterial activity were also subjected for cytotoxicity studies and were found to possess poor cytotoxicity. The study indicates the definite need for focusing attention on thienopyrimidines for further lead optimization.
A Succinct Synthesis of the Vaulted Biaryl Ligand Vanol via a Dienone–Phenol Rearrangement
Authors: Ding Zhensheng , Xue Song , Wulff William D. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractVanol is a member of the vaulted biaryl family of ligands and it has been proven to be very effective in a number of asymmetric catalytic reactions. The previous synthesis of vanol, while effective, is limited by the cost of reagents involved. The present work evaluates three different approaches to the synthesis of 3‐phenyl‐1‐naphthol, a key intermediate in the synthesis of vanol. The first approach has its key step as the Michael addition of a benzyl Grignard to methyl cinnamate. In the second approach the key step is the first step, a Reformatsky reaction of ethyl bromoacetate and deoxybenzoin. The final and most‐efficient approach involves a dienone‐phenol rearrangement of a 4‐aryl‐1‐tetralenone generated in‐situ from the reaction of 4‐chloro‐1‐naphthol with AlCl3 and benzene, and preliminary results are reported on the extension of this method to substituted vanol derivatives.