bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Analytical Precision on Bogue Calculations of Potential Portland Cement Composition
Authors: Stutzman Paul , Lane D. Stephen 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Uncertainty in ASTM C150-07 calculations of cement composition are assessed based upon the uncertainty in oxide determinations by different analytical methods. These methods include traditional chemical analyses (the “reference methods”), alternate chemical methods, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) using either a wavelength- or energy-dispersive detection system with either a fused glass or powdered specimen, atomic absorption, and inductively coupled plasma spectrometry. Within-laboratory and between-laboratory estimates for the CaO, SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, and SO3 are determined for the different analytical methods using a paired sample approach used in cements proficiency testing. An analysis of variance test across these methods indicates that for CaO and SiO2, the methods do not return the same mean values; for Fe2O3, they do; and for Al2O3 and SO3, the results are mixed. XRF precision for CaO and SO3 is lower than the reference method for both glass and powder samples. Precision is lower for the powder compared to the glass, exception for Fe2O3. SiO2 XRF glass results exhibit similar precision to the reference methods, while the powder precisions are lower. Al2O3 precision for all X-ray methods and preparations exceed that of the reference method. All X-ray results are better than those from earlier studies indicating perhaps slight improvement in overall test performance within the industry. Box plots on Bogue-calculated values for each method indicate an overall agreement across methods, a consistency between the glass preparations for both wavelength-dispersive and energy-dispersive analyses, and a consistency between powder preparations for both XRF methods. An error propagation analysis is made to assess the effects of the uncertainty of the chemical analyses on the calculated phase compositions and to compare with the X-ray powder diffraction test method. The precision for the silicates and aluminates is similar, while ASTM C150-07 calculations for ferrite are more precise.
Invasive Plant Researchers Should Calculate Effect Sizes, Not P-Values
Authors: Rinella Matthew J. , James Jeremy J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractNull hypothesis significance testing (NHST) forms the backbone of statistical inference in invasive plant science. Over 95% of research articles inInvasive Plant Science and Managementreport NHST results such as P-values or statistics closely related to P-values such as least significant differences. Unfortunately, NHST results are less informative than their ubiquity implies. P-values are hard to interpret and are regularly misinterpreted. Also, P-values do not provide estimates of the magnitudes and uncertainties of studied effects, and these effect size estimates are what invasive plant scientists care about most. In this paper, we reanalyze four datasets (two of our own and two of our colleagues; studies put forth as examples in this paper are used with permission of their authors) to illustrate limitations of NHST. The re-analyses are used to build a case for confidence intervals as preferable alternatives to P-values. Confidence intervals indicate effect sizes, and compared to P-values, confidence intervals provide more complete, intuitively appealing information on what data do/do not indicate.
Late-Season Targeted Grazing of Yellow Starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) with Goats in Idaho
Authors: Goehring Brianna J. , Launchbaugh Karen L. , Wilson Linda M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractYellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) is an exotic winter annual forb that is aggressively invasive and problematic in much of California, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. Yellow starthistle control is particularly challenging in canyon rangelands where accessibility limits control options. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of late-season targeted goat grazing on yellow starthistle and nontarget grasses and forbs. A 3-yr grazing study was initiated in 2006 on a 380-ha (939 acres) canyon grassland site infested with yellow starthistle near White Bird, ID. Twenty-four paired plots were established, with each pair including a fenced subplot to exclude grazing and a similar-sized adjacent subplot that was grazed. Density of yellow starthistle plants and seedheads was assessed after grazing of each plot in all 3 yr and before grazing in the second and third years. Canopy cover of yellow starthistle, grasses, and forbs also was measured. Grazed subplots had 58% fewer yellow starthistle plants than the ungrazed controls after grazing was applied and 94% fewer seedheads after 3 yr of grazing. Cover of yellow starthistle did not differ between grazed and ungrazed subplots after grazing in 2006, whereas grazing decreased yellow starthistle cover in 2007 and 2008 by about 75%. Goat grazing had little impact on canopy cover of grasses and resident forbs, with the exception of after grazing in 2007 when there was less forb cover in grazed areas compared with ungrazed areas. Late-season (i.e., July to November) targeted goat grazing appears to be an effective way to reduce yellow starthistle plant densities at landscape scales, which creates a large window of opportunity for grazing treatment and flexibility for land and livestock managers.
Perennial Pepperweed (Lepidium latifolium): Properties of Invaded Tidal Marshes
Authors: Reynolds Laura K. , Boyer Katharyn E. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractLepidium latifolium (perennial pepperweed) is recognized as a threat to wetland habitats throughout much of the western United States, but its role in tidal marshes has not been explored. Over three seasons in three regions of San Francisco Estuary (Suisun, San Pablo, and South San Francisco bays), we characterized locations in tidal marshes where monotypic stands of L. latifolium are replacing the native Sarcocornia pacifica (pickleweed). Soils within L. latifolium stands had significantly lower moisture, salinity, organic matter, and carbon : nitrogen (C : N) and higher pH than in adjacent S. pacifica stands at similar elevation and distance from channels. In addition, L. latifolium canopies were 2 to 3 times taller, thus increasing light reaching soils, and tended to support different insect/spider assemblages (sampled only at the Suisun site). Patterns were generally consistent across the three sites, although less pronounced for some measures at the South Bay site. Overall, these data suggest that L. latifolium invasion of tidal marshes is leading to modification of both structural and functional properties, several of which might further facilitate spread of the invader; however, additional study is needed to determine cause vs. effect for several soil characteristics.
Factors that Explain the Poorer Mental Health of Caregivers: Results from a Community Survey of Older Australians
Authors: Butterworth Peter , Pymont Carly , Rodgers Bryan , Windsor Tim D. , Anstey Kaarin J. 
Published: June 2010

Objectives: To contrast the level of anxiety and depression reported by older Australians providing assistance to someone who is ill, disabled or elderly with that of non-caregivers; and to identify secondary stressors and mediating factors which explain caregivers’ poorer mental health. Method: Analysis of data from wave 2 of the PATH Through Life Study, a community survey of 2,222 adults aged 64–69 years conducted in Canberra and Queanbeyan, Australia. Mental health was assessed using the Goldberg depression and anxiety scales. Analyses focused on those who identified themselves as a primary carer and/or reported providing care for more than 5 hours per week. Analyses evaluated whether the association between caregiver status and mental health was mediated by financial factors, role strain, physical health, and social support and conflict with family and friends after adjusting for demographics. Results: Caregivers reported significantly poorer mental health than non-caregivers, and also reported poorer physical health, greater financial stress, greater responsibility for household tasks, and more conflict and less social support from their family and spouse. Mediation analysis showed that the poorer mental health of caregivers reflected elevated rates of their own physical impairment, a lack of social support and greater conflict. Conclusions: The relationship between caregiving and mental health was largely explained by social support and levels of conflict within the family, which are modifiable and potentially amenable to change through policy and intervention. Research such as this can assist the development of appropriate interventions to improve the circumstances of informal caregivers in Australia.
Do Antisocial Females Exhibit Poor Outcomes in Adulthood? An Australian Cohort Study
Authors: Bor William , McGee Tara Renae , Hayatbakhsh Reza , Dean Angela , Najman Jake M. 
Published: June 2010

Objective: Antisocial behaviour in young people is common and associated with adverse effects in adulthood. The question whether these effects are observed in both genders remains controversial. A typology of antisocial behaviour that captures childhood limited (CL), adolescent onset (AO) and life course persistent behaviour (LCP) through both developmental stages is utilized to examine young adult outcomes in both sexes. Methods: The Mater–University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy (MUSP) data set is a longitudinal study following up a cohort of 7223 infants and mothers from antenatal care to the child's 21st year. Data on child antisocial behaviour was collected at ages 5 and 14 years. At the 21-year follow up, self-reported outcomes were collected on antisocial behaviour, use of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis, physical and mental health functioning. The relationship between the three antisocial sub-types and negative young adult outcomes was examined for both males and females using a series of logistic regressions. Results: Complete data across 21 years was available for 3173 participants. Males experienced higher levels of antisocial behaviour. In both males and females, AO and LCP groups exhibited elevated risk of negative outcomes including continuing antisocial behaviour, cannabis use, general health problems and depression/anxiety symptoms. The CL group exhibited poorer outcomes in physical and mental health but not in other domains. Conclusion: Both males and females exhibiting AO and LCP antisocial behaviour are at increased risk of serious adverse outcomes in young adulthood. The significant loss to follow up of high-risk groups suggests the important relationship between early antisocial behaviour and problems in adulthood have been underestimated. Further research is required to understand antisocial behaviour in adolescence, identify factors that reinforce its continuity into adulthood, and identify interventions which are able to modify adult outcomes.
Psychosocial Factors Associated with Parent and Teacher Reports of Aggression in Children and Adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Connolly Amanda , Vance Alasdair 
Published: June 2010

Objective: The prognosis for individuals diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and comorbid aggression is substantially worse than for those with ADHD alone. This study investigates the contribution of key psychosocial factors to both parent and teacher reports of aggressive behaviour in children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD. It was hypothesized that greater impairment in each would be associated with higher levels of both parent-rated and teacher-rated aggression. Method: Information collected during semi-structured clinical interviews from 676 boys and girls aged 6 to 16 and diagnosed with ADHD was analysed. Measures of potential psychosocial factors including parental psychopathology, family functioning, marital relationship quality and child interpersonal relationship status were administered. Ratings of aggression were obtained from both parents and teachers, and the association of psychosocial measures for each were separately analysed. Results: Correlation and multiple regression analyses revealed significant associations between parent-rated aggression and measures of increased parent psychopathology, decreased family function and deficient child interpersonal relationships. Teacher-rated aggression was only associated with deficient child interpersonal relationships. Conclusion: The findings highlight important differences in the psychosocial factors that contribute to parent and teacher ratings of aggression in the context of ADHD. The implications of these findings for both the clinician and researcher are discussed.
Book Reviews
Authors: Kaul Adam R. , Salis Loredana , Craith Mairead Nic , Handler Stefan 
Published: June 2010

Coleman, S. and P. Collins (2007) (eds), Locating the Field, Space, Place and Context in Anthropology (Oxford: Berg), 256 pp., Pb: £19.99, ISBN-13: 978-1845204037.Screeton, P. (2008), Mars Bars and Mushy Peas: Urban Legend and the Cult of Celebrity (Loughborough: Heart of Albion), 184 pp., Pb: £14.95, ISBN-13: 978-1-905646-11-1.Smith, L, and A. Natsuko (2009) (eds), Intangible Heritage (London and New York: Routledge) 312 pp., Pb: £23.99, Hb: £70.00, ISBN-13: 978-0-415-47396-5.Tiesler, N. C. (2006), Muslime in Europa: Religion und Identitätspolitiken unter veränderten gesellschaftlichen Verhältnissen (Münster: LIT), 240 pp., Pb: €24.90, ISBN-13: 978-3-8258-9490-0.
Heme Impairs Prostaglandin E2 and TGF-β Production by Human Mononuclear Cells via Cu/Zn Superoxide Dismutase: Insight into the Pathogenesis of Severe Malaria
Authors: Andrade Bruno B. , Araújo-Santos Théo , Luz Nívea F. , Khouri Ricardo , Bozza Marcelo T. , Camargo Luís M. A. , Barral Aldina , Borges Valéria M. , Barral-Netto Manoel 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
In many hemolytic disorders, such as malaria, the release of free heme has been involved in the triggering of oxidative stress and tissue damage. Patients presenting with severe forms of malaria commonly have impaired regulatory responses. Although intriguing, there is scarce data about the involvement of heme on the regulation of immune responses. In this study, we investigated the relation of free heme and the suppression of anti-inflammatory mediators such as PGE2 and TGF-β in human vivax malaria. Patients with severe disease presented higher hemolysis and higher plasma concentrations of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD-1) and lower concentrations of PGE2 and TGF-β than those with mild disease. In addition, there was a positive correlation between SOD-1 concentrations and plasma levels of TNF-α. During antimalaria treatment, the concentrations of plasma SOD-1 reduced whereas PGE2 and TGF-β increased in the individuals severely ill. Using an in vitro model with human mononuclear cells, we demonstrated that the heme effect on the impairment of the production of PGE2 and TGF-β partially involves heme binding to CD14 and depends on the production of SOD-1. Aside from furthering the current knowledge about the pathogenesis of vivax malaria, the present results may represent a general mechanism for hemolytic diseases and could be useful for future studies of therapeutic approaches.
Direct CD4 Help Provision following Interaction of Memory CD4 and CD8 T Cells with Distinct Antigen-Presenting Dendritic Cells
Authors: de Goër de Herve Marie-Ghislaine , Dembele Bamory , Vallée Mélissa , Herr Florence , Cariou Anne , Taoufik Yassine 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that CD4 help is needed at the memory stage to mount effective secondary CD8 T cell responses. In this paper, we report that memory CD4 T cells can provide efficient help to memory CD8 T cells after interaction of the two lymphocytes with distinct dendritic cells. Provision of help to CD8 T cells required direct cell–cell contact and involved both IL-2 and CD40 ligation, within a CD4–CD8 T cell synapse. Thus, following antigenic interaction with APCs, activated memory CD4 and CD8 T cells appear to separate from their respective APCs before meeting each other for help provision, regardless of their Ag specificity. CD4 help for memory CD8 T cells therefore appears to be conditioned primarily not by Ag specificity but by activation status.
Cutting Edge: Cytosolic Bacterial DNA Activates the Inflammasome via Aim2
Authors: Warren Sarah E. , Armstrong Abraham , Hamilton M. Kristina , Mao Dat P. , Leaf Irina A. , Miao Edward A. , Aderem Alan 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Pathogens are detected by pattern recognition receptors that, upon activation, orchestrate an appropriate immune response. The TLRs and the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLRs) are prototypic pattern recognition receptors that detect extracellular and cytosolic pathogens, respectively. Listeria monocytogenes has both extracellular and cytosolic phases and is detected in the cytosol by members of the NLR family. These include two NLR members, NLRC4 and NLRP3, that, upon detection of cytosolic L. monocytogenes, induce the assembly of the inflammasome. Inflammasomes serve as platforms for the activation of the protease caspase 1, which mediates the processing and secretion of pro–IL-1β and pro–IL-18. We previously provided evidence that L. monocytogenes is also detected by a third inflammasome. We now use biochemical and genetic approaches to demonstrate that the third detector senses bacterial DNA and identify it as Aim2, a receptor that has previously been shown to detect viral DNA.
Nonsinonasal Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: Case Series and Review of Literature
Authors: Hanby Duncan F , McWhorter Andrew , Wallace Eric , Woltering Eugene A , Harton Anthony , Santiago Kerri B , Nuss Daniel W , Walvekar Rohan R 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo describe three patients with nonsinonasal neuroendocrine carcinoma (NSNEC) of the head and neck and present a systematic review of literature.Study designRetrospective chart reviewMethodsThree patients with pathologically proven NSNEC of the head-neck who presented to our institution were identified. Relevant demographic, clinic-pathological, and radiological data was recorded. A web-based search was conducted to identify relevant scientific literature on “neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) of the head and neck” and a systematic review of literature is presented.ResultsTwo female and one male patient aged 44 to 66 years presented to our service with NEC of the supraglottis (2/3), and of the thymus (1/3). Diagnosis was confirmed with immunohistochemical staining such as Ki-67, synaptophysin, chromogranin, and also with octreotide scanning. The first case, a T4bN0M0 large cell NEC of the thymus with tracheal invasion received conservative airway management and emergent radiotherapy. The second case, moderately differentiated NEC of the supraglottis was managed with a laser supraglottic laryngectomy followed by adjuvant treatment. The third case, a laryngeal NEC was treated with chemoradiotherapy.ConclusionsNSNEC of the head and neck are extremely rare tumors with variability in clinical presentation that present challenges in diagnosis and treatment planning. Consideration of the histological subtype and staining characteristics of the individual tumor, accurate diagnosis, and classification of the tumor is vital in order to tailor therapeutic intervention.
Nonresolving Osteomyelitis of the Maxilla and Maxillary Sinus after Long-term Use of Oral Bisphosphonates
Authors: Kaplan Ilana , Nicolaou-Ioannou Zoe 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) is a complication of Bisphosphonate (BP), medications used for treatment of osteoporosis, multiple myeloma and cancer bone metastasis. Manifestations of BRONJ include bone necrosis, exposure to the oral cavity, inflammation suppuration and pain with nonspecific radiographic changes.Case historyA 64-year-old woman had been treated with oral BP since 1991 for arthritic pain and osteoporosis. There were no other medical problems, no other medications used, she did not smoke nor drink alcohol.In 2005, the left maxillary molars had been extracted. The extraction site failed to heal, but she continued to use BP. Eighteen months later she presented with swelling and pain, suppuration and an area of 2 x 1 cm of exposed necrotic bone in the left posterior maxilla and oroantral fistula (OAF).Panoramic radiograph showed partial opacification of the maxillary sinus, unhealed extraction site, and sclerosis of adjacent maxillary alveolus. Histopathological analysis diagnosed osteomyelitis associated with actinomycosis, consistent with BRONJ.TreatmentBP was discontinued, followed by 7 months of PO antibiotics and iodoform gauze packs. The wound seemed to be completely closed but within 2 months signs and symptoms and OAF recurred. Treatment continued with antibiotics daily rinses and weekly irrigation with Chlorhexidine 2%, and several repeated sequesterctomies, however, the patient still had pain. A course of 30 hyperbaric oxygen treatment was administered. Three years from onset symptoms improved, and sequstered bone is no longer visible. However, the OAF is still present, requiring irrigations, and the radiographs still present bony abnormality.An unusually severe BRONJ of 3 years duration associated with 15 years oral BP use is presented.
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma with Malignant Pleural Effusion: Dilemma of Etiology
Authors: Krishnamurthy Arvind , Siddappa KT 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPapillary carcinomas of thyroid generally have an indolent course with metastatic disease in less than 5% of patients. Common sites of distant metastasis include lung and bone. A presentation with malignant pleural effusion is exceedingly rare with only a handful of cases reported in literature. We present a case and discuss the treatment of a patient presenting of papillary thyroid cancer with a relapse of the disease in the pleural cavity. There are no standard treatment recommendations in this setting in view of paucity of published data from literature.
Large Angioleiomyoma on the Face
Authors: Kulkarni Vikram , Athanikar Vidisha , Katti Trupti 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo report a rare case of angioleiomyoma with regard to size, type (variant) and location.Case report45 years old male presented with painless swelling on the right side of the face since 2 years. On examination, the swelling was 4 cm × 3 cm in size, firm in consistency with well-defined margins. It was not adhering to overlying skin and underlying structures. The swelling was excised and sent for histopathological diagnosis. It was reported as solid variant of angioleiomyoma based on microscopic features.ConclusionAccording to the world literature, large angioleiomyoma on face is rare or not reported yet (usually less than 2 cm) and location (usually externar ear, tip of nose, lip). This case is presented for its uniqueness in size —large (4 cm x 3 cm); painlessness; variant; and location.