bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporoparietal fascia free flap for pharyngeal coverage after salvage total laryngectomy
Authors: Higgins Kevin M. , Ashford Bruce , Erovic Boban M. , Yoo John , Enepekides Danny J. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:The aim of this study was to assess whether the use of the temporoparietal fascia as a free flap for pharyngeal closure reinforcement reduced the incidence of pharyngocutaneous fistula (PCF) in the salvage setting.Study Design:Consecutive case series.Methods:After research ethics board approval, 12 patients who required salvage laryngectomy, including reinforcement coverage of the primarily closed pharyngeal defect with temporoparietal fascia as a free tissue transfer, were analyzed.Results:One (8%) out of 12 patients experienced pharyngocutaneous fistula that responded with conservative wound packing.Conclusions:The PCF rate of 8% is significantly better than in similar salvage cases without flap coverage. Moreover, our PCF rate is comparable to the results shown for the pectoralis major muscle flap. The most obvious benefit of the temporoparietal fascia free flap for pharyngeal coverage in salvage laryngectomy is a reduced PCF rate with diminished donor‐site morbidity, including cosmetic outcome, shoulder girdle function, and chest deformity.
Not just another face in the crowd: Society's perceptions of facial paralysis
Authors: Ishii Lisa , Godoy Andres , Encarnacion Carlos O. , Byrne Patrick J. , Boahene Kofi D. O. , Ishii Masaru 
Published: November 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:There is a paucity of data showing the perception penalty caused by facial paralysis. Our objective was to measure society's perception of facial paralysis on the characteristic of beauty. We hypothesized that patients with paralysis would be considered by society as less attractive than normals, a difference amplified by smiling.Study Design:Randomized controlled experiment.Methods:Forty subjects viewed photographs of normal and paralyzed faces. They rated attractiveness, identified paralysis if present, its severity, and the feature most affected.Results:There were significant differences in attractiveness scores for normal and paralyzed faces (Wilcoxon rank sum test, z = 16.912; P < .001). A mixed effects regression model was used to explain differences in the scores. The fixed portion of the model shows paralyzed faces were 1 standard deviation less attractive than normal faces. Smiling increased attractiveness for normals (constant, 5.9; smile effect, 0.735; P < .001). The smile × paralysis interaction term was −0.892; P < .001, but not significantly different from the smile term (χ2(1) = 0.87; P = .352). The random effects model showed an intersubject rating variability of 1.32.Conclusions:The attractiveness penalty imposed by facial paralysis is significant, with paralyzed faces considered markedly less attractive than normals. However, the ratings did not change significantly when patients smiled, despite the increased asymmetry that occurs through smiling. Observers were moderately good at identifying the presence of facial paralysis, but less good at distinguishing side of involvement. These results have important implications for patient counseling and management of facial paralysis patients in an evidence‐based manner.
Position of the hyoid and larynx in people with muscle tension dysphonia
Authors: Lowell Soren Y. , Kelley Richard T. , Colton Raymond H. , Smith Patrick B. , Portnoy Joel E. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To determine whether radiographic measures of hyoid position, laryngeal position, and hyolaryngeal space during phonation were different for people with primary muscle tension dysphonia (MTD) as compared to control participants without voice disorders.Study Design:Prospective, quasi‐experimental research design.Methods:Twenty participants, 10 with primary MTD and 10 without voice disorders who were age and sex matched were studied radiographically while producing phonation. Lateral x‐ray images were obtained for each participant during three tasks: resting state, sustained phonation, and a swallow‐hold maneuver. Vertical positions of the hyoid and larynx were measured on a Cartesian coordinate system and were normalized to reflect change from rest during phonation.Results:Normalized, vertical hyoid, and laryngeal positions during phonation were significantly higher for people with MTD than for control participants. Normalized hyolaryngeal space during phonation did not show differences between groups. A low to moderate significant correlation for radiographically measured hyoid and laryngeal position and the total score from a subjective laryngeal palpatory scale were evidenced, but no relationship was evidenced for radiographic laryngeal position and the laryngeal position subscore of the palpatory examination.Conclusions:Objective determinants of physiology are critical for the differential diagnosis of MTD and its effective treatment. Radiographic findings from this study indicate that hyoid and laryngeal positions during phonation are higher in people with primary MTD as compared to people without voice disorders.
Enucleation of vagal nerve schwannoma using intraoperative nerve monitoring
Authors: Gibber Marc J. , Zevallos Jose P. , Urken Mark L. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractVagal nerve schwannomas are rare, benign, neural sheath tumors. The treatment of enlarging or symptomatic vagal nerve schwannomas is surgical resection. Transecting the vagus nerve results in significant morbidity, and attempts at nerve preservation should be made whenever possible. We introduce a nerve‐sparing technique using meticulous microsurgical dissection and intraoperative nerve monitoring for vagal schwannomas. A 61‐year old patient presented with an enlarging 2‐cm right vagal nerve schwannoma. She underwent resection via a transcervical approach. The patient was intubated with an electromyographic (EMG) endotracheal tube that allowed for monitoring of the recurrent laryngeal nerve intraoperatively. A microsurgical subcapsular dissection was performed after branches of the vagus nerve were identified using a nerve probe and preserved. At the conclusion of the resection the nerve was intact and stimulated along its entire course. Postoperatively, the patient had normal vagal nerve function. We introduced the role of intraoperative nerve monitoring using an EMG endotracheal tube for successful enucleation of vagal schwannomas. In conjunction with meticulous microsurgical dissection, nerve monitoring allows for successful preservation of the vagus nerve and decreased postoperative morbidity. Laryngoscope, 2012
Detection of intracochlear damage during cochlear implant electrode insertion using extracochlear measurements in the gerbil
Authors: Ahmad Faisal I. , Choudhury Baishakhi , De Mason Christine E. , Adunka Oliver F. , Finley Charles C. , Fitzpatrick Douglas C. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:An intraoperative monitoring algorithm during cochlear implant electrode insertion could be used to detect trauma and guide electrode placement relative to surviving hair cells. The aim of this report was to assess the feasibility of using extracochlear recording sites to monitor acoustically evoked responses from surviving hair cells and neural elements during implantation in an animal model.Study Design:Animal experiments.Methods:The normal‐hearing gerbil was used. Two recording methods, one using a lock‐in amplifier and another using Fourier analysis of recorded signals, were used to obtain frequency‐specific information about the responses to tones. Amplitude and threshold determinations were made at the round window and at three extracochlear sites. To induce intracochlear damage, a platinum‐iridium wire was inserted through the round window. The wire was advanced, and changes in the potentials were correlated with cochlear contact. Anatomic integrity was assessed using cochlea whole mount preparations.Results:In general, the lock‐in amplifier showed greater sensitivity and lower thresholds at higher frequencies relative to the Fourier method. Also, the lock‐in amplifier was more resistant to masking effects. Both systems were able to detect loss of cochlear potentials secondary to intracochlear trauma. Histologic damage was seen in all cases and corresponded to electrophysiologic changes.Conclusions:Impact of electrodes on cochlear structures affecting cochlear performance could be detected from several extracochlear sites. The lock‐in amplifier demonstrated greater sensitivity and resistance to noise when compared to the fast Fourier transform recording paradigm. The latter showed greater flexibility of detecting and separating hair cell and neural potentials.
Variational elastic solution for axially loaded piles in multilayered soil
Authors: Salgado Rodrigo , Seo Hoyoung , Prezzi Monica 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYMost analytical or semi‐analytical solutions of the problem of load‐settlement response of axially loaded piles are based on the assumption of zero radial displacement. These solutions also are only applicable to piles embedded in either a homogeneous or a Gibson soil deposit. In reality, soil deposits consist of multiple soil layers with different properties, and displacements in the radial direction within the soil deposit are not zero when the pile is loaded axially. In this paper, we present a load‐settlement analysis applicable to a pile with circular cross section installed in multilayered elastic soil that accounts for both vertical and radial soil displacements. The analysis follows from the solution of the differential equations governing the displacements of the pile–soil system obtained using variational principles. The input parameters needed for the analysis are the pile geometry and the elastic constants of the soil and pile. We compare the results from the present analysis with those of an analytical solution that considers only vertical soil displacements. The analysis presented in this paper also provides useful insights into the displacement and strain fields around axially loaded piles. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intermediate band photovoltaics based on interband–intraband transitions using In0.53Ga0.47As/InP superlattice
Authors: Hu Weiguo , Harada Yukihiro , Hasegawa Aiko , Inoue Tomoya , Kojima Osamu , Kita Takashi 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTWe present a theoretical model to incorporate the quantum mechanism of two‐photon transitions into macroscopic operations. The two‐photon transition is described as a two‐step interband–intraband transition within the one‐band envelope‐function framework and is coupled with drift–diffusion as well as the potential distribution. In0.53Ga0.47As/InP superlattices (SLs) are chosen as the initial candidate to simulate intermediate band solar cell operation. In this type of structure, the absorption spectrum of interband and intraband transitions is asymmetric and strongly depends on device structure and operating conditions. Our results also reveal that the intraband transition dominates the detailed balance. Both the intermediate band (IB) configuration and the conversion efficiency are determined by the SL structure. Only well‐designed SLs can form the appropriate IB. Furthermore, an efficiency contour plot has been calculated to guide quantum design: the peak efficiency is 45.61% when the well thickness is 4 nm and the barrier thickness is 2 nm. As the well or barrier thickness increases to 10 nm, the absorption peak of the intraband transition gradually redshifts and narrows, so the efficiency correspondingly decreases to below 40%. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Breath figures method to control the topography and the functionality of polymeric surfaces in porous films and microspheres
Authors: de León Alberto S. , Muñoz‐Bonilla Alexandra , Fernández‐García Marta , Rodríguez‐Hernández Juan 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPolymeric films with porous structures and microsphere patterns were prepared by the method of breath figures, mixing poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and amphiphilic copolymers containing glucose moieties in their structure, glycopolymers. Statistical and block glycopolymers were used in a proportion of 10 wt %. The statistical glycopolymers were synthesized via conventional free radical copolymerization, whereas the block copolymer of methyl methacrylate and 2‐{[(D‐glucosamin‐2‐Nyl) carbonyl]oxy}ethyl methacrylate, PMMA‐b‐PHEMAGl, was obtained by atom transfer radical polymerization. Glycopolymers were blended with a high molecular weight PMMA matrix and dissolved in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran and a small amount of water. Results showed that, depending on experimental conditions (water content, humidity, and type of copolymer), the observed final film morphology changes significantly. Thus, films with honeycomb pattern structures, spherical particles, or a mixture of both were obtained. In addition, polar glucose moieties were oriented principally either inside of the pores in the case of films and towards the surface in the case of particles. The specific surface bioactivity of these materials was examined using the specific lectin concanavalin A conjugated with fluorescein, Con A‐FITC. The successful binding of the Con A was demonstrated by fluorescence microscopy being more intense at the surface of the pores and of the particles. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Highly reactive polyisobutylenes via AlCl3OBu2‐coinitiated cationic polymerization of isobutylene: Effect of solvent polarity, temperature, and initiator
Authors: Vasilenko Irina V. , Shiman Dmitriy I. , Kostjuk Sergei V. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe cationic polymerization of isobutylene using 2‐phenyl‐2‐propanol (CumOH)/AlCl3OBu2 and H2O/AlCl3OBu2 initiating systems in nonpolar solvents (toluene, n‐hexane) at elevated temperatures (−20 to 30 °C) is reported. With CumOH/AlCl3OBu2 initiating system, the reaction proceeded by controlled initiation via CumOH, followed by β‐H abstraction and then irreversible termination, thus, affording polymers (Mn = 1000–2000 g mol−1) with high content of vinylidene end groups (85–91%), although the monomer conversion was low (≤35%) and polymers exhibited relatively broad molecular weight distribution (MWD; Mw/Mn = 2.3–3.5). H2O/AlCl3OBu2 initiating system induced chain‐transfer dominated cationic polymerization of isobutylene via a selective β‐H abstraction by free base (Bu2O). Under these conditions, polymers with very high content of desired exo‐olefin terminal groups (89–94%) in high yield (>85%) were obtained in 10 min. It was shown that the molecular weight of polyisobutylenes obtained with H2O/AlCl3OBu2 initiating system could be easily controlled in a range 1000–10,000 g mol−1 by changing the reaction temperature from −40 to 30 °C. The MWD was rather broad (Mw/Mn = 2.5–3.5) at low reaction temperatures (from −40 to 10 °C), but became narrower (Mw/Mn ≤ 2.1) at temperatures higher than 10 °C. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Synthetic pathways enables the design of functionalized poly(lactic acid) with pendant mercapto groups
Authors: Pappalardo Daniela , Målberg Sofia , Finne‐Winstrad Anna , Albertsson Ann‐Christine 
Published: November 2011

AbstractFunctionalized poly(lactic acid) having sulfur‐protected groups along the chain have been synthesized with the ultimate aim to obtain materials for reversible and degradable self‐assembly systems. The first step in the synthesis was the preparation of hydroxy‐(4‐methyl‐phenylsulfanyl)‐propionic acid and hydroxy‐(tritylsulfanyl)‐propionic acid. These sulfur‐functionalized hydroxy acids were subsequently used as comonomers in the condensation polymerization of lactic acid producing functionalized polyesters with thio‐protected groups along the chain. The ratio of functionalized hydroxyl‐acid in the copolymer was determined by the feed ratio. The polyesters obtained were amorphous and size exclusion chromatography analysis showed a monomodal distribution. When treated with iodine, the polyesters chains bearing the tritylsulfanyl side groups assembled with the formation of SS bridges and the molecular weight increased accordingly. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Successive SET‐LRP and ATRP synthesis of ferrocene‐based PPEGMEA‐g‐PAEFC well‐defined amphiphilic graft copolymer
Authors: Zhai Sujuan , Shang Jing , Yang Dong , Wang Songyang , Hu Jianhua , Lu Guolin , Huang Xiaoyu 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA series of ferrocene‐based well‐defined amphiphilic graft copolymers, consisting of hydrophilic poly[poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate] (PPEGMEA) backbone and hydrophobic poly(2‐acryloyloxyethyl ferrocenecarboxylate) (PAEFC) side chains were synthesized by successive single‐electron‐transfer living radical polymerization (SET‐LRP) and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The backbone was prepared by SET‐LRP of PEGMEA macromonomer, and it was then treated with lithium di‐isopropylamide and 2‐bromopropionyl bromide at −78 °C to give PPEGMEA‐Br macroinitiator. The targeted well‐defined graft copolymers with narrow molecular weight distributions (Mw/Mn ≤ 1.32) were synthesized via ATRP of AEFC initiated by PPEGMEA‐Br macroinitiator, and the molecular weights of the backbone and side chains were both controllable. The electro‐chemical behaviors of graft copolymers were studied by cyclic voltammetry, and it was found that graft copolymers were more difficult to be oxidized, and the reversibility of electrode process became less with raising the content of PAEFC segment. The effects of the preparation method, the length of hydrophobic PAEFC segment, and the initial water content on self‐assembly behavior of PPEGMEA‐g‐PAEFC graft copolymers in aqueous media were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. The morphologies of micelles could transform from cylinders to spheres or rods with changing the preparation condition and the length of side chains. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Calculation of a divergence‐free lamb shift
Authors: Ritchie Burke 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA divergence‐free theory of the Lamb shift is presented, and calculations are carried out for hydrogen‐like ions. The theory uses two Lorentz‐invariant equations of motion, one for the electron in the presence of the photon, which is Dirac's four‐space time‐dependent equation, and the other for the photon in the presence of the electron. The electron–photon interaction is calculated from the Dirac current. The distribution of photon frequencies is bounded by the distribution of electron frequencies intrinsic to the Dirac current, thereby guaranteeing a divergence‐free result for the Lamb shift. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
New 2‐Methyl‐13‐Icosenoic Acid from the Temperate Calcisponge Leuconia johnstoni
Authors: Quévrain Elodie , Barnathan Gilles , Meziane Tarik , Domart‐Coulon Isabelle , Rabesaotra Vony , Bourguet‐Kondracki Marie‐Lise 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe fatty acid composition of the temperate calcareous marine sponge Leuconia johnstoni Carter 1871 (Calcaronea, Calcarea) was characterized for the first time in specimens collected off the Brittany coast of France over four years from October 2005 to September 2008. Forty‐one fatty acids (FA) with chain lengths ranging from C14 to C22 were identified as fatty methyl esters (FAME) and N‐acyl pyrrolidide (NAP) derivatives by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Twenty‐two saturated fatty acids (SFA) were identified accounting for 52.1–59.0% of the total FA and dimethylacetals (DMA). In addition, among the SFA, we noticed the presence of numerous methyl‐branched iso and anteiso FA, suggesting a large number of associated bacteria within L. johnstoni. Thirteen monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA, 28.0–36.0% of total FA + DMA) were also identified as well as six polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA, 4.0–8.2%). A noticeable DMA was detected at a high level, particularly in September 2008 (11.8%), indicating the presence of plasmalogens in this sponge species. This calcareous sponge lacked the non‐methylene‐interrupted FA (NMI FA) with a Δ5,9 system typical of siliceous Demosponges and Hexactinellids. The occurrence of the unusual 8,13‐octadecadienoic acid was reported for the first time as a minor PUFA in a calcareous sponge. The major FA, representing 20–25% of this sponge FA, was identified as the new 2‐methyl‐13‐icosenoic acid from mass spectra of its methyl ester and its corresponding N‐acyl pyrrolidide derivatives as well as a dimethyl disulfide adduct.
Preparation and Evaluation of Biodiesel from Sterculia foetida Seed Oil
Authors: Bindhu Ch. , Reddy J. R. C. , Rao B. V. S. K. , Ravinder T. , Chakrabarti P. P. , Karuna M. S. L. , Prasad R. B. N. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractSterculia foetida oil contains cyclopropene fatty acids namely 8,9‐methylene‐heptadec‐8‐enoic acid (malvalic) and 9,10‐methylene‐octadec‐9‐enoic acid (sterculic) to an extent of 50–55%. The present study reports the preparation of biodiesel from S. foetida oil using sodium hydroxide as catalyst. The resultant biodiesel was evaluated for physico‐chemical properties namely iodine value (72.6), free fatty acids (0.17%), phosphorous content (0 ppm), flash point (179 °C), cloud point (3 °C), pour point (3 °C), viscosity at 40 °C (4.72 cSt), oxidative stability at 110 °C (3.42 h), density (0.850 g/cm3 at 15 °C), and trace metals (Group I metals 0.21 ppm). The properties were compared with that of sunflower, soybean and rapeseed oil‐based biodiesels and found to be comparable except for the pour point.
CellAnimation: an open source MATLAB framework for microscopy assays
Authors: Georgescu Walter , Wikswo John P. , Quaranta Vito 
Published: November 2011

AbstractMotivation: Advances in microscopy technology have led to the creation of high-throughput microscopes that are capable of generating several hundred gigabytes of images in a few days. Analyzing such wealth of data manually is nearly impossible and requires an automated approach. There are at present a number of open-source and commercial software packages that allow the user to apply algorithms of different degrees of sophistication to the images and extract desired metrics. However, the types of metrics that can be extracted are severely limited by the specific image processing algorithms that the application implements, and by the expertise of the user. In most commercial software, code unavailability prevents implementation by the end user of newly developed algorithms better suited for a particular type of imaging assay. While it is possible to implement new algorithms in open-source software, rewiring an image processing application requires a high degree of expertise. To obviate these limitations, we have developed an open-source high-throughput application that allows implementation of different biological assays such as cell tracking or ancestry recording, through the use of small, relatively simple image processing modules connected into sophisticated imaging pipelines. By connecting modules, non-expert users can apply the particular combination of well-established and novel algorithms developed by us and others that are best suited for each individual assay type. In addition, our data exploration and visualization modules make it easy to discover or select specific cell phenotypes from a heterogeneous population.Availability:CellAnimation is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). CellAnimationsource code and documentation may be downloaded from www.vanderbilt.edu/viibre/software/documents/CellAnimation.zip. Sample data are available at www.vanderbilt.edu/viibre/software/documents/movies.zip.Contact: walter.georgescu@vanderbilt.eduSupplementary information: Supplementary data available at Bioinformatics online.