bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inferior colliculus responses to dual‐site intralamina stimulation in the ventral cochlear nucleus
Authors: Shivdasani Mohit N. , Mauger Stefan J. , Argent Rebecca E. , Rathbone Graeme D. , Paolini Antonio G. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA major limitation of the present auditory brainstem implant (ABI) is its inability to access the tonotopic organization of the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN). A previous study by our group indicated that stimulation of single sites within a given VCN frequency region did not always elicit frequency‐specific responses within the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (CIC) and in some cases did not elicit a response at all. For this study, we hypothesized that sequential stimulation (with a short interpulse delay of 320 μsec) of two VCN sites in similar frequency regions would enhance responsiveness in CIC neurons. Multiunit neural recordings in response to pure tones were obtained at 58 VCN and 164 CIC sites in anesthetized rats. Among the 58 VCN sites, 39 pairs of sites with similar characteristic frequencies were chosen for electrical stimulation. Each member of a VCN pair was electrically stimulated individually, followed by sequential stimulation of the pair, while recording CIC responses. On average, CIC sites were found to respond to dual‐site VCN stimulation with significantly lower thresholds, wider dynamic ranges, a greater extent of activation with increasing current levels, and a higher degree of frequency specificity compared with single‐site stimulation. Although these effects were positive for the most part, in some cases dual‐site stimulation resulted in increased CIC thresholds and decreased dynamic ranges, extent of activation, and frequency specificity. The results suggest that multisite stimulation within VCN isofrequency laminae using penetrating electrodes could significantly improve ABI stimulation strategies and implant performance. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:4226–4242, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Colour appearance shifts in two different‐sized viewing conditions
Authors: Hsieh Tsuei‐Ju , Chen I‐Ping 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis study assessed the effect of size on colour appearance, using a colour matching paradigm where two sizes were presented in a setting similar to a normal colour selection interface. Twelve colours sampling the entire range of the colour spectrum were chosen as target stimuli. The target stimuli consisted of either a large (30° by 50°) or a small (0.5° by 0.5°) test field displayed on a cathode ray tube (CRT). In the experiment, a set of small colour samples consisting of the target and its neighboring colours was presented on the screen. Fifty‐seven participants were asked to pick a colour from the sample set that appeared to exactly match the target. Results in CIECAM02 showed a consistent increase in the apparent brightness (Q) but some decrease in saturation (s) for the larger field. Hue shifts were observed to form a systematic pattern. We noticed a discernable trend showing that, for targets of bluish or purplish colour hues, the accuracy of colour matching is lower and colour difference is greater in the condition of the large viewing field. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2010
Investigation of colour size effect for colour appearance assessment
Authors: Xiao Kaida , Luo M. Ronnier , Li Changjun , Cui Guihua , Park Dusik 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThree psychophysical experiments were conducted to investigate the colour appearance changes between different sizes under various media or viewing conditions. The results are highly consistent that when increase stimulus size, the colour will appear to be lighter and more colourful with little change in hue. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 36, 201–209, 2011;
A deterministic‐control‐based approach to fully nonlinear parabolic and elliptic equations
Authors: Kohn Robert V. , Serfaty Sylvia 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe show that a broad class of fully nonlinear, second‐order parabolic or elliptic PDEs can be realized as the Hamilton‐Jacobi‐Bellman equations of deterministic two‐person games. More precisely: given the PDE, we identify a deterministic, discrete‐time, two‐person game whose value function converges in the continuous‐time limit to the viscosity solution of the desired equation. Our game is, roughly speaking, a deterministic analogue of the stochastic representation recently introduced by Cheridito, Soner, Touzi, and Victoir. In the parabolic setting with no u‐dependence, it amounts to a semidiscrete numerical scheme whose timestep is a min‐max. Our result is interesting, because the usual control‐based interpretations of second‐order PDEs involve stochastic rather than deterministic control. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Existence and uniqueness of weak solutions for precipitation fronts: A novel hyperbolic free boundary problem in several space variables
Authors: Majda Andrew J. , Souganidis Panagiotis E. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe determination of the large‐scale boundaries between moist and dry regions is an important problem in contemporary meteorology. These phenomena have been addressed recently in a simplified tropical climate model through a novel hyperbolic free boundary formulation yielding three families (drying, slow moistening, and fast moistening) of precipitation fronts. The last two wave types violate Lax's shock inequalities yet are robustly realized. This formal hyperbolic free boundary problem is given here a rigorous mathematical basis by establishing the existence and uniqueness of suitable weak solutions arising in the zero relaxation limit. A new L2‐contraction estimate is also established at positive relaxation values. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
How to reduce packet dropping in a bufferless NoC
Authors: Gómez Crispín , Gómez María E. , López Pedro , Duato José 
Published: June 2010

AbstractNetworks on‐chip (NoCs) interconnect the components located inside a chip. In multicore chips, NoCs have a strong impact on the overall system performance. NoC bandwidth is limited by the critical path delay. Recent works show that the critical path delay is heavily affected by switch port buffer size. Therefore, by removing buffers, switch clock frequency can be increased. Recently, a new switching technique for NoCs called Blind Packet Switching (BPS) has been proposed, which is based on removing the switch port buffers. Since buffers consume a high percentage of switch power and area, BPS not only improves performance but also reduces power and area. In BPS, as there are no buffers at the switch ports, packets cannot be stopped and stored on them. If contention arises packets are dropped and later reinjected, negatively affecting performance. In order to prevent packet dropping, some techniques based on resource replication have been proposed. In this paper, we propose some alternative and complementary techniques that do not rely on resource replication. By using them, packet dropping is highly reduced. In particular, packet dropping is completely removed for a very wide network traffic range. Moreover, network throughput is increased and packet latency is reduced. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Static Behavior of the Respiratory System
Authors: Agostoni Emilio , Hyatt Robert E. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Lung VolumesVolume‐Pressure Relations of Respiratory System During RelaxationTotal Respiratory SystemChest Wall and LungEffects of Gravity and PostureChanges Throughout Life SpanVolume‐Pressure Relations of Respiratory System During Static Muscular EffortsAlveolar PressureAbdominal and Thoracic PressuresFactors Limiting Volume ExtremesUpper Volume ExtremeLower Volume Extreme
Peripheral Inert‐Gas Exchange
Authors: Wagner Peter D. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Basic Principles of Peripheral Tissue ExchangeInclusion of Pulmonary Gas Exchange in Tissue Inert‐Gas Uptake and EliminationComparison of Multicompartment Models With Actual DataConsideration of Tissue‐Blood Diffusion of Inert GasesDiffusional ShuntsIntertissue DiffusionEvaluation of AssumptionsApplication of Inert Gases to Measurement of Organ PerfusionTechnique 1: Average Organ Blood Flow by Measurement of Prolonged Inert‐Gas UptakeTechnique 2: Blood Flow by Arterial Bolus Injection and Subsequent Tissue Washout AnalysisTechnique 3: Blood Flow by Arterial Bolus Injection and Measurement of Height‐Area Ratio of Concentration‐Time CurveTechnique 4: Local Injection of Tracer and Measurement of Blood Flow by Monitoring Subsequent RemovalEvaluation of Methods for Measuring Tissue Perfusion With Inert GasesSummary
Carbon Monoxide Toxicity
Authors: Coburn Ronald F. , Forman Henry Jay 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:BodyCOStoresLocationCarbon Monoxide Exchanges Between Lung and Body Stores and Processes That Determine HbCOand BodyCOStoresEndogenousCOProductionCarbon Monoxide Metabolism as aCOSinkCarbon Monoxide Binding to Proteins Found in Mammalian TissuesStructure and Reactivity ofCOCarbon Monoxide and O2CompetitionCarbon Monoxide Binding to HbEffects ofCOBinding to Hb on Oxygenation in Peripheral TissuesExtravascularCO‐Binding Proteins
Advances in cellular, subcellular, and nanoscale imaging in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Wessels Johannes T. , Yamauchi Kensuke , Hoffman Robert M. , Wouters Fred S. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis review focuses on technical advances in fluorescence microscopy techniques including laser scanning techniques, fluorescence‐resonance energy transfer (FRET) microscopy, fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM), stimulated emission depletion (STED)‐based super‐resolution microscopy, scanning confocal endomicroscopes, thin‐sheet laser imaging microscopy (TSLIM), and tomographic techniques such as early photon tomography (EPT) as well as on clinical laser‐based endoscopic and microscopic techniques. We will also discuss the new developments in the field of fluorescent dyes and fluorescent genetic reporters that enable new possibilities in high‐resolution and molecular imaging both in in vitro and in vivo. Small animal and tissue imaging benefit from the development of new fluorescent proteins, dyes, and sensing constructs that operate in the far red and near‐infrared spectrum. © 2010 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Voltammetric Behavior of Telmisartan and Cathodic Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetric Method for Its Assay in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Biological Fluids
Authors: Taşdemir İbrahim Hüdai , Akay Mehmet Abdulkadir , Erk Nevin , Kılıç Esma 
Published: June 2010

AbstractElectrochemical behavior of Telmisartan and optimum conditions for its assay were investigated by using cyclic voltammetry and square‐wave voltammetry. All studies were based on the quasi‐reversible and adsorption‐controlled electrochemical reduction signal of TS at about −1.50 V versus Ag/AgCl at pH 10.0 in Britton‐Robinson buffer. The peak current was found to change linearly with concentration from 1.69 nM (0.87 µg/L) to 27.5 nM (14.15 µg/L). The limit of detection and the limit of quantification were found to be 1.05 nM (0.54 µg/L) and 3.49 nM (1.79 µg/L), respectively. The method was successfully applied to different samples with good recoveries at about 100 %.
Effects of oily contamination and decontamination on the flame resistance of thermal protective textiles
Authors: Mettananda Chathuri V. R. , Crown Elizabeth M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis paper reports an experimental study wherein flame resistance and limiting oxygen index of protective fabrics were determined before and after contamination with oil and after decontamination. Experimental variables were presence of contamination, laundry treatment, number of contamination/decontamination cycles, and fabric type. Although laundering with pre‐wash products alone was the most effective in removing oil, some product residues may have contributed to the increased flammability of some fabrics. Thus, use of that product was truly effective only if combined with detergent. For two fabrics higher flammability was noted after five contamination/decontamination cycles than after one. Of the three fabrics studied, aramid specimens retained the least oil, and although they had the highest flammability both before and after contamination, it increased the least with contamination. The FR cotton/nylon fabric retained the most oil after decontamination, but had better flame resistance than aramid. Much of the oil remained in the interior of cotton fibres making it difficult to remove but also less accessible for vaporization and combustion. For the aramid/FR viscose, energy from combustion of residual oil activated the FR additive, thereby reducing apparent fabric flammability, but this FR transference effect occurred only up to an optimum quantity of oil. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of potential pharmacogenomic markers of clinical efficacy of 5‐fluorouracil in colorectal cancer
Authors: Nobili Stefania , Napoli Cristina , Landini Ida , Morganti Maria , Cianchi Fabio , Valanzano Rosa , Tonelli Francesco , Cortesini Camillo , Mazzei Teresita , Mini Enrico 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAlthough adjuvant chemotherapy has significantly increased overall survival in resected Stage III colorectal cancer, disease recurrence is still high (30–40%). 20–25% of Stage II patients also develop recurrent disease. Thus, high‐risk patients may benefit from chemotherapy. As patient response to standard chemotherapy varies, the study of molecular differences in the expression of pharmacologically relevant genes may help clinicians to understand variability and tailor therapy. The expression of 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) pathway genes in tumors from 53 Stages II‐III colorectal cancer patients who underwent 5‐FU adjuvant chemotherapy was investigated by reverse transcription quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Patients were dichotomized into high‐ and low‐mRNA expression level groups using median values of gene mRNA levels. Then, a threshold analysis to identify a cut‐off distinguishing recurrent‐ or nonrecurrent‐disease was used. A high degree of interpatient variation in relative tumor expression of study genes was observed. Multiple gene correlations were found, which suggest possible coregulation mechanisms. No statistically significant relationship between experimental data and baseline clinical/pathological characteristics or clinical outcome was observed using gene expression median values. Threshold analysis indicated significant inverse relationships between deoxyuridine triphosphatase (DUT), ferrodoxin reductase (FDXR) or tumor protein p53 (TP53) and disease‐free survival (DFS) in the entire case series and between DUT or NM23‐H1 and DFS in Stage III patients: higher gene expression was associated with shorter DFS. This study provides data on relationships between expression of 5‐FU pathway genes and clinical outcome of colorectal cancer patients undergoing 5‐FU adjuvant chemotherapy and underscores the predictive role of specific genes. Validation in an independent case series is warranted.
Fifty years of cancer incidence: CI5 I–IX
Authors: Parkin D. Max , Ferlay Jacques , Curado Maria‐Paula , Bray Freddie , Edwards Brenda , Shin Hai‐Rim , Forman David 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe Cancer Incidence in Five Continents (CI5) series comprises nine volumes that bring together peer‐reviewed results from population‐based cancer registries worldwide. The aim of each is to make available comparable data on cancer incidence from as wide a range of geographical locations as possible. In addition, the existence of long time series of data allows the evolution of risk in different populations over time to be studied. The CI5 I–IX database brings together the results from all nine volumes, spanning a period of some 50 years. In addition, unpublished annual data, with more diagnostic detail, are made available for many cancer registries with 15 or more years of recent data. We describe the construction and composition of the CI5 databases, and provide examples of how they can be used to prepare tables and graphs comparing incidence rates between populations. This is the classical role of descriptive statistics: to allow formulation of hypotheses that might explain the observed differences (geographically, over time, in population subgroups) and that can be tested by further study. Such statistics are also essential components in the planning and evaluation of cancer control programmes.
Bioengineered hyaluronic acid elicited a nonantigenic T cell activation: Implications from cosmetic medicine and surgery to nanomedicine
Authors: Alijotas‐Reig Jaume , Hindié Mathilde , Kandhaya‐Pillai Renuka , Miro‐Mur Francesc 
Published: June 2010

AbstractHyaluronan is known to act as a filling material of extracellular matrices and as an adhesive substrate for cellular migration. Consequently, it is widely used in aesthetic medicine and surgery, and it would be expected to be used in nanomedicine. Previous clinical case reports associated hyaluronic acid implants to delayed immune‐mediated adverse effects. A series of experiments to evaluate immune cell activation supported by this dermal filler and nanomedical biomaterial were performed. The study comprised a total of 12 individuals. Four healthy individuals, none with cosmetically injected dermal filler, were considered as control. Five individuals carried injections of hyaluronic acid dermal filler. Three individuals carried injections of hyaluronic acid dermal filler and presented delayed adverse effects related to the dermal filler. Hyaluronic acid–stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) produced low levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Phytohemagglutinine (PHA)‐stimulated PBMC from patients with hyaluronic implants presenting adverse effects showed a slight increase in the production of interferon (IFN)‐γ and higher expression of CD25, CD69, or CD71. In conclusion, hyaluronic acid administration elicited a laboratory evidence of immune cell activation. Production of low levels of proinflammatory cytokines in vitro could be an observation for low‐grade inflammation in vivo resulting in T cell activation. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.
Synthesis, crystal structure, and fungicidal activity of novel 1,5‐diaryl‐1H‐pyrazol‐3‐oxyacetate derivatives
Authors: Liu Yuanyuan , Shi Hong , Li Yufeng , Zhu Hongjun 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
magnified imageA series of ethyl 2‐(1,5‐diaryl‐1H‐pyrazol‐3‐yloxy)acetate derivatives (5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5f, 5g, 5h, 5i) have been efficiently synthesized by the reaction of 1,5‐diaryl‐1H‐pyrazol‐3‐ols (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e, 4f, 4g, 4h, 4i) with ethyl 2‐bromoacetate. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were characterized by 1H NMR spectra and elemental analysis, and the crystal structure of the compound ethyl 2‐(5‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐3‐yloxy)acetate (5c) was determined by single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The compound 5c belongs to triclinic system with space group P(‐1), a = 5.8170(12) Å, b = 11.804(2) Å, c = 12.783(2) Å, α = 83.89(2)°, β = 89.24(3)°, γ = 89.73(3)°, Formula weight: 356.80, Triclinic V = 872.7(3) Å3, Dc = 1.358 mg/m3, Z = 2, F (000) = 372. Bioassay results indicated that the compound ethyl 2‐(5‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐3‐yloxy)acetate (5d) exhibited moderate inhibitory activity against Gibberella zeae at the dosage of 10 μg/mL. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
Iliac vein compression syndrome: An underdiagnosed cause of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis
Authors: Naik Ami , Mian Taimur , Abraham Aney , Rajput Vijay 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIliac vein compression syndrome (CS) is a rare cause of deep venous thrombosis. It is caused by an anatomic anomaly in which the right common iliac artery overlies the left common iliac vein causing mechanical compression. Subsequent endothelial changes within the vessels have the potential to spur thrombus formation. Aggressive diagnostic and therapeutic interventions must be implemented upon suspicion to avoid long‐term complications. We report on a 19 year old male who presented with ICS. We discuss the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and current treatment options. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Single‐shot T1 mapping using simultaneous acquisitions of spin‐ and stimulated‐echo‐planar imaging (2D ss‐SESTEPI)
Authors: Shi Xianfeng , Kim Seong‐Eun , Jeong Eun‐Kee 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe conventional stimulated‐echo NMR sequence only measures the longitudinal component while discarding the transverse component, after tipping up the prepared magnetization. This transverse magnetization can be used to measure a spin echo, in addition to the stimulated echo. Two‐dimensional single‐shot spin‐ and stimulated‐echo‐planar imaging (ss‐SESTEPI) is an echo‐planar‐imaging‐based single‐shot imaging technique that simultaneously acquires a spin‐echo‐planar image and a stimulated‐echo‐planar image after a single radiofrequency excitation. The magnitudes of the spin‐echo‐planar image and stimulated‐echo‐planar image differ by T1 decay and diffusion weighting for perfect 90° radiofrequency and thus can be used to rapidly measure T1. However, the spatial variation of amplitude of radiofrequency field induces uneven splitting of the transverse magnetization for the spin‐echo‐planar image and stimulated‐echo‐planar image within the imaging field of view. Correction for amplitude of radiofrequency field inhomogeneity is therefore critical for two‐dimensional ss‐SESTEPI to be used for T1 measurement. We developed a method for amplitude of radiofrequency field inhomogeneity correction by acquiring an additional stimulated‐echo‐planar image with minimal mixing time, calculating the difference between the spin echo and the stimulated echo and multiplying the stimulated‐echo‐planar image by the inverse functional map. Diffusion‐induced decay is corrected by measuring the average diffusivity during the prescanning. Rapid single‐shot T1 mapping may be useful for various applications, such as dynamic T1 mapping for real‐time estimation of the concentration of contrast agent in dynamic contrast enhancement MRI. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Compressed sensing reconstruction for magnetic resonance parameter mapping
Authors: Doneva Mariya , Börnert Peter , Eggers Holger , Stehning Christian , Sénégas Julien , Mertins Alfred 
Published: June 2010

AbstractCompressed sensing (CS) holds considerable promise to accelerate the data acquisition in magnetic resonance imaging by exploiting signal sparsity. Prior knowledge about the signal can be exploited in some applications to choose an appropriate sparsifying transform. This work presents a CS reconstruction for magnetic resonance (MR) parameter mapping, which applies an overcomplete dictionary, learned from the data model to sparsify the signal. The approach is presented and evaluated in simulations and in in vivo T1 and T2 mapping experiments in the brain. Accurate T1 and T2 maps are obtained from highly reduced data. This model‐based reconstruction could also be applied to other MR parameter mapping applications like diffusion and perfusion imaging. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.