bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proposed fluvial island classification scheme and its use for river restoration
Authors: Wyrick J. R. , Klingeman P. C. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractFluvial islands are present in nearly all natural and regulated rivers. They are important from hydrological, biological, geopolitical and socio‐economic points of view. As ubiquitous as islands are, consideration of islands is relatively absent in most river restoration concepts. The natural river processes that allow for island formation can easily be integrated into typical river classifications. To begin, an island classification scheme is proposed that can become a tool for improved river classifications and restoration projects. In developing an island classification scheme, the objectives are similar to those of previous river classification methods. By observing island characteristics, inductive generalizations may be made about the river's hydrologic and ecologic potential. In river hierarchies, the distinguishing variables used to describe streams were characteristics that could easily be discerned from their appearances, i.e. field‐determinable features. A similar approach is sought for island classification. The distinguishing characteristics of any island may be sorted into three basic categories: those that can be measured from a topographic map or an aerial photograph; those that can be measured in situ at the island and those that can be inferred from either a known history of the island or from the other characteristics of the island. Once all the suitable characteristics were identified, a matrix for island classification was created which can be used to classify island origin and type. The better that the inter‐relationship between island formation, channel processes and watershed processes are understood, the better the natural bio‐physical regime of the river corridor can be identified and incorporated into restoration plans. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ulysse: a qualitative tool for eliciting mental models of complex systems
Authors: Desthieux Gilles , Joerin Florent , Lebreton Marcel 
Published: May 2010

AbstractStakeholders involved in the definition of managerial problems perceive and internalize the complexity of these problems as mental models. These models are not always made explicit, which can lead to misunderstandings and conflicts. This article presents Ulysse, a tool that enables stakeholders to progressively elicit their mental models as causal loop models. Ulysse uses web technologies that store information in a database and interactively display the modeling results. It is based on matrix calculation that facilitates statistical operations and provides better understanding of the model structure. Analysis and comparison of individual models reveal the most important variables and relationships among them as a basis for identifying key issues, divergent and convergent opinions between stakeholders. Ulysse has been tested in the context of regional economic development in Atlantic Canada. The tool was designed to support managers, during interviews, in building qualitative models of indicators. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Matlist: Mature linguistic steganography methodology
Authors: Desoky Abdelrahman 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe generated text by Natural Language Generation (NLG) and template systems is meaningful and looks legitimate. Therefore, the Mature Linguistic Steganography Methodology (Matlist) employs NLG and template techniques along with Random Series values (RS), e.g. binary, decimal, hexadecimal, octal, alphabetic, alphanumeric, etc., of Domain‐Specific Subject (DSS) to generate noiseless text‐cover. This type of DSS, e.g. financial, medical, mathematical, scientific, economical, etc., has plenty of room to conceal data and allows communicating parties to establish a covert channel such as a relationship based on the profession of the communication parties to transmit a text‐cover. Matlist embeds data in a form of RS values, function of RS, related semantics of RS, a combination of these, etc. Unlike synonym‐based approach, Matlist does not preserve the meaning of text‐cover every time it is used. Instead, Matlist Cover retains different legitimate meaning for each message while it remains semantically coherent and rhetorically sound. The presented implementation, validation, and experimental results demonstrate that Matlist is capable of accomplishing the steganographical goal with higher bitrate than all other linguistic steganography approaches. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Massive clusters: Secondary emission from qkeV to qMeV. New emission processes? New SIMS probe?
Authors: Della‐Negra S. , Depauw J. , Guillermier C. , Schweikert E. A. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe report on the secondary ion emission under massive cluster (from 100 to 1600 atoms) impacts from different organic samples. The study has been preformed at the Orsay Tandem Accelerator equipped with a Liquid Metal Ion Source (LMIS) using a time of flight (ToF) mass spectrometer (MS) with a multianode localization detector. The influence of the projectile mass and energy is studied in order to investigate the new hydrodynamic regime of the solid‐particle interaction related to the use of these massive clusters. We shall present this study, the energy range of which extends from 10 qkeV up to 4 qMeV. The results show that the ionic emission intensities increase with the energy and the mass of the projectiles (from n/q = 25 to n/q = 400) which allows the simultaneous emission of a few tens ions of the same mass per impact, what had never before been observed in SIMS. The study of the positive ionic emission is surprising. There is an important emission (also a few tens ions) of H+, H2+, H3+ and C+. The setup permits to determine the angular velocity distributions of the ejected ions. We present the results which permit to distinguish four classes of ionic emission. The molecular ions and molecular clusters are preferentially pushed from the surface by a pressure wave which rises perpendicularly to the beam trajectory. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance of using multiple stepwise algorithms for variable selection
Authors: Wiegand Ryan E. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractSome research studies in the medical literature use multiple stepwise variable selection (SVS) algorithms to build multivariable models. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the use of multiple SVS algorithms in tandem (stepwise agreement) is a valid variable selection procedure. Computer simulations were developed to address stepwise agreement. Three popular SVS algorithms were tested (backward elimination, forward selection, and stepwise) on three statistical methods (linear, logistic, and Cox proportional hazards regression). Other simulation parameters explored were the sample size, number of predictors considered, degree of correlation between pairs of predictors,p‐value‐based entrance and exit criteria, predictor type (normally distributed or binary), and differences between stepwise agreement between any two or all three algorithms. Among stepwise methods, the rate of agreement, agreement on a model including only those predictors truly associated with the outcome, and agreement on a model containing the predictors truly associated with the outcome were measured. These rates were dependent on all simulation parameters. Mostly, the SVS algorithms agreed on a final model, but rarely on a model with only the true predictors. Sample size and candidate predictor pool size are the most influential simulation conditions. To conclude, stepwise agreement is often a poor strategy that gives misleading results and researchers should avoid using multiple SVS algorithms to build multivariable models. More research on the relationship between sample size and variable selection is needed. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Bayesian dose‐finding procedure for phase I clinical trials based only on the assumption of monotonicity
Authors: Whitehead John , Thygesen Helene , Whitehead Anne 
Published: May 2010

AbstractDespite an enormous and growing statistical literature, formal procedures for dose‐finding are only slowly being implemented in phase I clinical trials. Even in oncology and other life‐threatening conditions in which a balance between efficacy and toxicity has to be struck, model‐based approaches, such as the Continual Reassessment Method, have not been universally adopted. Two related concerns have limited the adoption of the new methods. One relates to doubts about the appropriateness of models assumed to link the risk of toxicity to dose, and the other is the difficulty of communicating the nature of the process to clinical investigators responsible for early phase studies. In this paper, we adopt a new Bayesian approach involving a simple model assuming only monotonicity in the dose‐toxicity relationship. The parameters that define the model have immediate and simple interpretation. The approach can be applied automatically, and we present a simulation investigation of its properties when it is. More importantly, it can be used in a transparent fashion as one element in the expert consideration of what dose to administer to the next patient or group of patients. The procedure serves to summarize the opinions and the data concerning risks of a binary characterization of toxicity which can then be considered, together with additional and less tidy trial information, by the clinicians responsible for making decisions on the allocation of doses. Graphical displays of these opinions can be used to ease communication with investigators. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional polymorphism in the GPR55 gene is associated with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Ishiguro Hiroki , Onaivi Emmanuel S. , Horiuchi Yasue , Imai Keiko , Komaki Gen , Ishikawa Toshio , Suzuki Mari , Watanabe Yuichiro , Ando Tetsuya , Higuchi Susumu , Arinami Tadao 
Published: May 2010

AbstractEndocannabinoids, anandamide, and 2‐arachidonoyl glycerol are involved in food intake and appetite. Although anandamide is now thought to be a ligand for vanilloid receptor, receptors that are targets of anandamide could play a similar role in eating behaviors and related disorders. This study therefore focused on the receptor, which is called G‐protein‐coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) that had recently been reported to have binding affinity for endocannabinoids. Functional analysis of the sole missense polymorphism, rs3749073 (Gly195Val) in the GPR55 gene was performed by detecting the phosphorylation level of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) in Chinese‐Hamster‐Ovary (CHO) cells engineered to express human GPR55. Val195 type GPR55 appeared to induce less phosphorylated ERK than Gly195 type GPR55 when CHO cells were treated with anandamide and lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI). An association between the functional Gly195Val polymorphism and anorexia nervosa was tested in a female Japanese population comprising 235 patients and 1244 controls. The Val195 allele and homozygote of the Val195 allele were more abundant in the group of patients diagnosed with anorexia nervosa (P = 0.023, Odds ratio = 1.31 (95% Cl = 1.03–1.37), P = 0.0048, OR = 2.41 (95% Cl = 1.34–4.34), respectively). In conclusion, the low‐functioning Val195 allele of GPR55 appears to be a risk factor for anorexia nervosa. Synapse, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sex differences in the relationship of regional dopamine release to affect and cognitive function in striatal and extrastriatal regions using positron emission tomography and [18F]fallypride
Authors: Riccardi Patrizia , Park Sohee , Anderson Sharlet , Doop Mikisha , Ansari M. Sib , Schmidt Dennis , Baldwin Ronald 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine sex differences in the correlations of d‐amphetamine (d‐AMPH) induced displacements of [18F]fallypride in striatal and extrastriatal regions in relation to affect and cognition. Seven male and six female healthy subjects, whose mean age was 25.9 years, underwent positron emission tomography (PET) with [18F]fallypride at baseline and 3 h after a 0.43 mg/kg oral dose of d‐AMPH. Percent displacements in striatal and extrastriatal regions were calculated using regions of interest (ROI) analysis and on a pixel‐by‐pixel basis. Subjects underwent neuropsychological testing prior to the baseline PET study and one hour after d‐AMPH administration for the second PET. In order to examine the subjective effect of d‐AMPH, subjects rated PANAS at baseline and after administration of amphetamine. Correlations of changes in cognition and affect with regional dopamine (DA) release revealed several significant sex related differences. The results of this study demonstrate in vivo sex related differences in the relationship of regional DA release to affect and cognitive function. Synapse 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of cobalt uptake by Vicia faba seeds on chlorophyll morphosis induction, SOD polymorphism, and DNA methylation
Authors: Rancelis Vytautas , Cesniene Tatjana , Kleizaite Violeta , Zvingila Donatas , Balciuniene Laimute 
Published: May 2010

AbstractVicia faba plants show polymorphism to cobalt (Co) excess, expressed by a different degree of chlorophyll morphosis (CM)—from normally green (N) to yellow (Y) seedlings. For superoxide dismutase (SOD), the high V. faba polymorphism was revealed and increased by Co stress. Epigenetic mechanisms may be involved in both phenomena. For such reasons, we investigated the effect of 5‐azacytosine (AzaC) and Na butyrate (NaBut) on CM induction, SOD polymorphism, and DNA methylation–demethylation events in Co(NO3)2 affected plants, without or with AzaC or NaBut. CMs were induced after treatment of seeds for 8 h with 7.5 mM Co(NO3)2 plus 12 h with H2O or 8 h with H2O plus 12 h with Co(NO3)2. In the same order AzaC and NaBut were applied in concentrations equimolar to Co(NO3)2. SOD isoforms were investigated electrophoretically, and for DNA methylation–demethylation events the Aina [Aina et al. (2004) Physiol Plant 121:472–480] system was applied upon using the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method employing restrictases MspI and HpaII. The effect of AzaC and NaBut on CM induction in combination with Co was unclear. Posttreatment with Co was more effective than Co‐pretreatment. SOD polymorphism was significantly strengthened by NaBut. Detection of DNA methylation–demethylation events depended on the primers used for RAPD analysis. With AP5 and MP4 primers, DNA demethylation was observed in N‐seedlings after exposure to Co, AzaC or NaBut applied separately. With primer A6, only DNA methylation events were determined in N‐seedlings from seeds exposed to Co or Co‐AzaC, and in Y‐seedlings after Co‐AzaC or Co‐NaBut treatment. UPGMA grouping of the results showed that all N‐seedlings comprised one common cluster after Co exposure, independently of treatment combinations (Co alone, Co with AzaC, Co with NaBut). On the contrary, no significant differences were determined in SOD polymorphism among the most resistant N‐seedlings and the most severely affected Y‐seedlings. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 2012.
Detection of umbilical venous constriction by Doppler flow measurement at midgestation
Authors: Hasegawa J. , Mimura T. , Morimoto T. , Matsuoka R. , Ichizuka K. , Sekizawa A. , Okai T. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate whether umbilical venous velocity and venous velocity pulsation are associated with umbilical vein diameter, umbilical ring diameter and umbilical cord coiling index at midgestation.MethodsTwo hundred and eighty pregnant women were enrolled in the study at between 18 and 24 weeks of gestation. The diameter of the umbilical cord and internal diameter of the umbilical vein in a free loop and at the ring, and the umbilical coiling index, were measured using ultrasonography. Umbilical venous velocities were measured by Doppler ultrasonography at the umbilical ring and a free loop of the cord.ResultsAll variables were successfully measured in 92% of the patients. There were negative correlations between the diameters of the umbilical ring and of the umbilical vein at the ring and the venous velocity at the umbilical ring. The venous velocity at the umbilical ring was significantly higher and the umbilical ring diameter was significantly lower in fetuses with umbilical venous pulsation at the free loop. Significant correlations were observed between the venous velocity and amplitude of pulsation. Venous pulsations at the free loop were frequently observed in fetuses with a hypercoiled cord.ConclusionHigh venous velocity and increased venous pulsation at the umbilical ring may be associated with umbilical cord constriction. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neural basis of thinking: laboratory problems versus real‐world problems
Authors: Goel Vinod 
Published: May 2010

AbstractCognitive psychologists have long argued about the reality and significance of the distinction between well‐structured and ill‐structured problems. Laboratory problems are usually well‐structured, whereas real‐world problems have both well‐structured and ill‐structured components. This article shows how the neuropsychological data reinforce this distinction and suggests how this distinction may help to explain a puzzle about discontinuous performance of some neurological patients in laboratory and real‐world problem situations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This article is categorized under:

Psychology > Reasoning and Decision Making
Neuroscience > Cognition
Substitutional A‐to‐I RNA editing
Authors: Wulff Bjorn‐Erik , Nishikura Kazuko 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAdenosine‐to‐inosine (A‐to‐I) editing catalyzed by adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) entails the chemical conversion of adenosine residues to inosine residues within double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) substrates. Inosine base pairs as guanosine and A‐to‐I editing can therefore alter the structure and base pairing properties of the RNA molecule. This has a biological significance in controlling the amount of functional RNA molecules in the cell, in expanding the functionality of a limited set of transcripts, and in defending the cell against certain RNA viruses. A‐to‐I editing is not limited to any specific type of RNA substrate. Instead, it can affect any RNA molecule able to attain the required double‐stranded structure. This includes microRNAs, small interfering RNAs, viral RNAs, and messenger RNAs with potential for recoding events and splice site modifications. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This article is categorized under:

RNA Processing > RNA Editing and Modification
Enzymology of RNA cap synthesis
Authors: Ghosh Agnidipta , Lima Christopher D. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe 5′ guanine‐N7 methyl cap is unique to cellular and viral messenger RNA (mRNA) and is the first co‐transcriptional modification of mRNA. The mRNA cap plays a pivotal role in mRNA biogenesis and stability, and is essential for efficient splicing, mRNA export, and translation. Capping occurs by a series of three enzymatic reactions that results in formation of N7‐methyl guanosine linked through a 5′‐5′ inverted triphosphate bridge to the first nucleotide of a nascent transcript. Capping of cellular mRNA occurs co‐transcriptionally and in vivo requires that the capping apparatus be physically associated with the RNA polymerase II elongation complex. Certain capped mRNAs undergo further methylation to generate distinct cap structures. Although mRNA capping is conserved among viruses and eukaryotes, some viruses have adopted strategies for capping mRNA that are distinct from the cellular mRNA capping pathway. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This article is categorized under:

RNA Processing > Capping and 5' End Modifications
RNA Processing > tRNA Processing
Connections between 3′‐end processing and DNA damage response
Authors: Cevher Murat A. , Kleiman Frida E. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe cellular DNA damage response (DDR) involves changes in the functional and structural properties of a number of nuclear proteins, resulting in a coordinated control of gene expression and DNA repair. This response includes functional interactions of the DNA repair, transcription, and RNA processing machineries. Following DNA damage, cellular levels of polyadenylated transcripts are transiently decreased and normal recovery depends on transcription‐coupled repair (TCR). In addition, DNA damage has gene‐specific effects regulating the mRNA levels of factors involved in the DDR itself at different times after the damage. The 3′‐end processing machinery, which is important in the regulation of mRNA stability, is involved in these general and gene‐specific responses to DNA damage. The role of 3′‐end processing in DDR supports the idea that the steady‐state levels of different mRNAs change upon DNA‐damaging conditions as a result of regulation of not only their biosynthesis but also their turnover. Here, we review the mechanistic connections between 3′‐end processing and DDR, and discuss the implications of deregulation of this important step of mRNA maturation in the cellular recovery after DNA‐damaging treatment. The relevance of these functional connections is illustrated by the increasing number of reports on this relatively unexplored field. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This article is categorized under:

RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein–RNA Interactions: Functional Implications
RNA Processing > 3' End Processing
RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Turnover/Surveillance Mechanisms
A New Example of the Structure Type A2[{Z2R4}X9]: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Na2[{(ON)Ce4}Cl9]
Authors: Schurz Christian M. , Meyer Monika , Meyer Gerd , Schleid Thomas 
Published: May 2010

AbstractFirst single crystals of Na2[{(ON)Ce4}Cl9] were obtained during synthesis attempts for the cerium nitride chloride Ce2NCl3(= {N2Ce4}Cl6). With a molar ratio of 8:10:3 for Ce, CeCl3 and NaN3 along with an excess of the flux NaCl, the mixture obviously contained a small amount of CeOCl that led to the formation of quinary Na2[{(ON)Ce4}Cl9]. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/m(no. 11) with two formula units in the unit cell with dimensions of a = 813.21(6) pm, b = 1146.13(9) pm, c = 942.86(7) pm and β = 107.504(5) °. As the dominating structural feature {ZCe4}9.5+ tetrahedra are fused through trans‐oriented edges to generate ${}^1_\infty\{\textit{Z}\textrm{Ce}^\textrm{e}_{4/2}\}^{3.5+}$ chains (Z = 1/2 O + 1/2 N) just as in the structurally isotypic compounds A2[{Z2R4}X9] (A = Na, K; R = Pr, Nd, Gd; X = Cl, Br; Z = O, O/N).
Bilateral carpal valgus deformity in hand‐reared cheetah cubs (Acinonyx jubatus)
Authors: Bell Katherine M. , van Zyl Malan , Ugarte Claudia E. , Hartman Angela 
Published: May 2010

AbstractFour hand‐reared cheetah cubs (Acinonyx jubatus) exhibited progressively severe bilateral valgus deformity of the carpi (CV) during the weaning period. Radiographs of the thoracic limbs suggested normal bone ossification, and serum chemistry was unremarkable. All affected cubs developed CV shortly after the onset of gastroenteritis, which was treated medically, and included use of a prescription diet. A sudden decrease in growth rate was associated with gastrointestinal disease. Before gastroenteritis and CV, affected cubs had higher growth rates than unaffected cubs, despite similar mean daily energy intake. Return to normal thoracic limb conformation was consequent to dietary manipulation (including a reduction in energy intake and vitamin and mineral supplementation), as well as decreased growth rates and recovery from gastroenteritis. The cause of the CV is likely to have been multi‐factorial with potentially complex physiological interactions involved. Zoo Biol 30:199–204, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.