bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pain in the LGTBQ+ Population
Authors: Javier Noelle Marie 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The LGBTQI+ community is a marginalized community that has experienced multiple barriers across multiple domains, including health care. Its members have been subjected to ongoing discriminatory practices, outright prejudice, and oppressive policies that have not ensured adequate protections from these stressors and have not allowed them to live life fully and authentically. As a result, there are numerous disparities and inequities in care that exist and have proven to be significant challenges to the delivery, access, and receipt of high-quality medical care, including pain management. It is therefore essential for all health care providers to develop a cultural lens of understanding to care for this vulnerable community. This chapter explores a multidimensional approach to pain assessment and management utilizing an adaptation of the biopsychosocial model of care. This model highlights not only the spiritual and cultural domains of the lived experiences of the LGBTQI+ individual but also the external and internal stressors as well as resources around coping and resilience that will provide a comprehensive and holistic framework for fully understanding the pain experience of this community. In addition, this chapter also discusses the multimodal approach to pain management.
Pain in Patients with Substance Use Disorders
Authors: Cheatle Martin D. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Many scholarly and public policy initiatives have been devoted to the opioid crisis, resulting in published guidelines for opioid prescribing and the identification of alternatives to opioids for pain management with the objective of reducing opioid-related deaths and reducing the number of vulnerable individuals being exposed to opioids and developing an opioid use disorder. This national focus on the risks and benefits of opioid therapy for patients with pain and the need for tapering of opioids has obscured the vulnerability of patients with pain who are susceptible to discrimination based on opioid use or having a co-occurring opioid use disorder and who may develop other forms of non-opioid use disorders. This chapter discusses the myths and facts of opioids in the pain population, the prevalence of pain and both nicotine use disorder and alcohol use disorder, and assessment and mitigation strategies.
Where’s the Lesion? (How We Localize)
Authors: Gelb Douglas J. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter introduces the concept of localization, explaining that it applies to diagnostic reasoning throughout all fields of medicine but particularly emphasized in neurology. A systematic approach to localization is presented, in which each symptom is conceptualized as a damaged nervous system pathway and a lesion is localized by finding the points at which all the damaged pathways intersect. The major pathways are reviewed. Practice problems are analyzed, and a link is provided to a web-based computer tutorial allowing users to work through additional practice problems.
Stroke
Authors: Gelb Douglas J. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter presents the classification, pathophysiology, and clinical presentation of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, including the typical clinical syndromes associated with major cerebral blood vessels. It discusses the approach to diagnosis and management, including acute restoration of blood flow with thrombolysis and/or mechanical thrombectomy, techniques to limit the deficits, and rehabilitation. It explains the major components of secondary stroke prevention (prevention of subsequent strokes after a stroke or TIA): lipid management, antiplatelet medication, blood pressure management, endarterectomy or stenting in patients with carotid stenosis, and anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation. It concludes with a discussion of primary stroke prevention (prevention of stroke in patients who have never had a stroke or TIA).
Acute Mental Status Changes
Authors: Gelb Douglas J. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter begins with definitions of various levels of altered consciousness, followed by a discussion of the physiology of normal and altered consciousness. It then presents a clinical approach focused on evaluating and treating potential causes in order of urgency, beginning with apnea and hypotension, then hypoxia, hypoglycemia, and opioid toxicity, then transtentorial herniation, then other common metabolic disturbances, and finally conditions such as other toxins, seizures, meningoencephalitis, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), and autoimmune conditions. The chapter concludes with discussion of head trauma (including presentation of the Glasgow coma scale), increased intracranial pressure, and brain death.
Geriatric Neurology
Authors: Gelb Douglas J. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter begins with a discussion of the reasons that neurologic issues in the geriatric population have some distinctive features. This is followed by a discussion of how the neurologic examination changes with aging. This is followed by a discussion of common neurologic problems experienced by older people: dizziness, gait disturbance, incontinence, dementia, and pain.
Practice Cases
Authors: Gelb Douglas J. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter consists of 12 clinical vignettes and accompanying questions intended to allow the reader to practice applying the principles of localization and diagnostic reasoning covered in the first 3 chapters of the book, and to review some of the specific disorders covered in the subsequent chapters. Readers are encouraged to work through the questions on their own, and then to refer to the discussions provided at the end of the chapter.
Diagnostic values and relevant factors of lumbar posterior lesions in axial spondyloarthritis
Authors: Huang Zhixiang , Ding Jiali , Huang Lixin , Huang Xuechan , Huang Yukai , Guo Xin , Chen Shuyang , Deng Weiming , Li Tianwang 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To compare the lumbar posterior lesions between axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) and lumbar disc herniation (LDH) patients, then their diagnostic value and related factors were evaluated.

Methods
This cross-sectional study included axSpA patients from January 2020 to September 2023. They were classified as ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and non-radiographic axSpA (nr-axSpA) individuals. Canada–Denmark magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scoring system was used to assess the defects of the lumbar spine. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was utilized to determine the value of distinguishing nr-axSpA. Linear regression analyses were adopted to find the relevant factors for lumbar posterior lesions.

Results
Ninety-six AS, 98 nr-axSpA, and 108 LDH patients were included. The Canada–Denmark scores were greater in axSpA patients, AS in particular. Furthermore, lumbar posterior lesions can distinguish AS, nr-axSpA, and LDH. Besides, lumbar posterior lesions were positively related to the similar MRI changes in their adjacent structures, but were inversely associated with the other abnormalities.

Conclusions
Lumbar posterior lesions were more serious in axSpA patients. These alterations had value in distinguishing axSpA. Lumbar posterior defects were related to their adjacent components, and they may not fully follow the MRI changing pattern of vertebral bodies and sacroiliac joints.
CGeNArate: a sequence-dependent coarse-grained model of DNA for accurate atomistic MD simulations of kb-long duplexes
Authors: Farré-Gil David , Arcon Juan Pablo , Laughton Charles A , Orozco Modesto 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We present CGeNArate, a new model for molecular dynamics simulations of very long segments of B-DNA in the context of biotechnological or chromatin studies. The developed method uses a coarse-grained Hamiltonian with trajectories that are back-mapped to the atomistic resolution level with extreme accuracy by means of Machine Learning Approaches. The method is sequence-dependent and reproduces very well not only local, but also global physical properties of DNA. The efficiency of the method allows us to recover with a reduced computational effort high-quality atomic-resolution ensembles of segments containing many kilobases of DNA, entering into the gene range or even the entire DNA of certain cellular organelles.
Genomic context-dependent histone H3K36 methylation by three Drosophila methyltransferases and implications for dedicated chromatin readers
Authors: Jayakrishnan Muhunden , Havlová Magdalena , Veverka Václav , Regnard Catherine , Becker Peter B 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Methylation of histone H3 at lysine 36 (H3K36me3) marks active chromatin. The mark is interpreted by epigenetic readers that assist transcription and safeguard the integrity of the chromatin fiber. The chromodomain protein MSL3 binds H3K36me3 to target X-chromosomal genes in male Drosophila for dosage compensation. The PWWP-domain protein JASPer recruits the JIL1 kinase to active chromatin on all chromosomes. Unexpectedly, depletion of K36me3 had variable, locus-specific effects on the interactions of those readers. This observation motivated a systematic and comprehensive study of K36 methylation in a defined cellular model. Contrasting prevailing models, we found that K36me1, K36me2 and K36me3 each contribute to distinct chromatin states. A gene-centric view of the changing K36 methylation landscape upon depletion of the three methyltransferases Set2, NSD and Ash1 revealed local, context-specific methylation signatures. Set2 catalyzes K36me3 predominantly at transcriptionally active euchromatin. NSD places K36me2/3 at defined loci within pericentric heterochromatin and on weakly transcribed euchromatic genes. Ash1 deposits K36me1 at regions with enhancer signatures. The genome-wide mapping of MSL3 and JASPer suggested that they bind K36me2 in addition to K36me3, which was confirmed by direct affinity measurement. This dual specificity attracts the readers to a broader range of chromosomal locations and increases the robustness of their actions.
Phenomenological characteristics of auto-induced cognitive trance and Mahorikatan® trance
Authors: Grégoire Charlotte , Sombrun Corine , Lenaif Philippe , Marie Nolwenn , Giovine Aurélie , Walter Marion , Gosseries Olivia , Vanhaudenhuyse Audrey 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Trance states include various practices characterized by a modulation of consciousness, but with their own specific characteristics and induction techniques. They have been very seldom scientifically studied, and their phenomenological similarities and differences are poorly documented. This paper will focus on two types of Western trances developed after the leaders were trained in traditional shamanic communities: the auto-induced cognitive trance (AICT) and the Mahorikatan® trance (MT). Twenty-five AICT and 26 MT participants who were able to self-induce the trance state completed questionnaires about their trance practice (e.g. context of the first trance episode, frequency of practice, and consequences on personal life) and the phenomenological characteristics (i.e. emotional, physical, and cognitive) of the trance episodes they experienced. These characteristics were compared to explore similarities and differences between the two trance states. AICT and MT are characterized by the expression of different emotions, modification of various perceptions, a feeling of unicity (i.e. being completely oneself), and an expansion of consciousness. AICT participants commonly reported body movements, vocalizations, as well as increased creativity, visions of entities and/or places, and feeling of interaction with the environment. MT participants commonly reported a feeling of body dissolution. Most participants in both groups reported positive effects of their trance practice on their personal life. These results helped characterize AICT and MT, as well as their similarities and differences. Further studies should continue to explore the characteristics of such trance states, as well as their potential clinical applications.
Direct conversion of CO2 to CH4 on Pd/graphdiyne single-crystalline
Authors: Zhang Chao , Zheng Xuchen , Gao Yang , Xing Chengyu , Chen Siao , Xue Yurui , Li Yuliang 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
A major impediment to the development of the efficient use of artificial photosynthesis is the lack of highly selective and efficient photocatalysts toward the conversion of CO2 by sunlight energy at room temperature and ambient pressure. After many years of hard work, we finally completed the synthesis of graphdiyne-based palladium quantum dot catalysts containing high-density metal atom steps for selective artificial photosynthesis. The well-designed interface structure of the catalyst is composed of electron-donor and acceptor groups, resulting in the obvious incomplete charge-transfer phenomenon between graphdiyne and plasmonic metal nanostructures on the interface. These intrinsic characteristics are the origin of the high performance of the catalyst. Studies on its mechanism reveal that the synergism between ‘hot electron’ from local surface plasmon resonance and rapid photogenerated carrier separation at the ohmic contact interface accelerates the multi-electron reaction kinetics. The catalyst can selectively synthesize CH4 directly from CO2 and H2O with selectivity of near 100% at room temperature and pressure, and exhibits transformative performance, with an average CH4 yield of 26.2 μmol g−1 h−1 and remarkable long-term stability.
Identifying and Remediating Super-splasher Sinks to Reduce Dispersal of Pathogens From Sink Drains
Authors: Torres-Teran Maria M , Greentree David Henry , Varghese Martin Mathew , Cadnum Jennifer L , Pavis Robert L , Saade Elie A , Ray Amy J , Mack Claire , Wilson Brigid M , Donskey Curtis J 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Testing for dispersal of fluorescent gel from sink drains was sensitive for detection of sinks that dispersed gram-negative bacilli outside the bowl. Reducing the flow rate of sinks with rapid water inflow and/or elimination of obstruction leading to slow outflow was effective in preventing dispersal of fluorescence and gram-negative bacilli.
N-of-1 health optimization: Digital monitoring of biomarker dynamics to gamify adherence to metabolic switching
Authors: Wang Peter , Tadeo Xavier , Chew Han Shi Jocelyn , Sapanel Yoann , Ong Yoong Hun , Leung Nicole Yong Ting , Chow Edward Kai-Hua , Ho Dean 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The digital health field is experiencing substantial growth due to its potential for sustained and longitudinal deployment. In turn, this may drive improved monitoring and intervention as catalysts for behavioral change compared to traditional point-of-care practices. In particular, the increase in incidence of population health challenges such as diabetes, heart disease, fatty liver disease, and other disorders coupled with rising healthcare costs have emphasized the importance of exploring technical, economics, and implementation considerations, among others in the decentralization of health and healthcare innovations. Both healthy individuals and patients stand to benefit from continued technical advances and studies in these domains. To address these points, this study reports a N-of-1 study comprised of sustained regimens of intermittent fasting, fitness (strength and cardiovascular training), and high protein, low carbohydrate diet and parallel monitoring. These regimens were paired with serial blood ketone, blood glucose (wearable and finger stick) and blood pressure readings, as well as body weight measurements using a collection of devices. Collectively this suite of platforms and approaches were used to monitor metabolic switching from glucose to ketones as energy sources—a process associated with potential cardio- and neuroprotective functions. In addition to longitudinal biomarker dynamics, this work discusses user perspectives on the potential role of harnessing digital devices to these dynamics as potential gamification factors, as well as considerations for the role of biomarker monitoring in health regimen development, user stratification, and potentially informing downstream population-scale studies to address metabolic disease, healthy aging and longevity, among other indications.
Insights into the Complexity and Functionality of Plant Virus Protein Phosphorylation
Authors: Wu Yuansheng , Liu Na , Zheng Chengxu , Li Dongyuan , Li Shanshan , Wu Jianguo , Zhao Shanshan 
Published: May 2024

Phosphorylation, the most extensive and pleiotropic form of protein posttranslation modification, is central to cellular signal transduction. Throughout the extensive co-evolution of plant hosts and viruses, modifications to phosphorylation have served multiple purposes. Such modifications highlight the evolutionary trajectories of viruses and their hosts, with pivotal roles in regulation and refinement of host-virus interactions. In plant hosts, protein phosphorylation orchestrates immune responses, enhancing the activities of defense-related proteins such as kinases and transcription factors, thereby strengthening pathogen resistance in plants. Moreover, phosphorylation influences the interactions between host and viral proteins, altering viral spread and replication within host plants. In the context of plant viruses, protein phosphorylation controls key aspects of the infection cycle, including viral protein functionality and the interplay between viruses and host plant cells, leading to effects on viral accumulation and dissemination within plant tissues. Explorations of the nuances of protein phosphorylation in plant hosts and their interactions with viruses are particularly important. This review provides a systematic summary of the biological roles of the proteins of plant viruses carrying diverse genomes in regulating infection and host responses through changes in the phosphorylation status. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
DNA methylation‐mediated 11βHSD2 downregulation drives the increases in angiotensin‐converting enzyme and angiotensin II within preeclamptic placentas
Authors: Deng Fengying , Lei Jiahui , Chen Jie , Zhao Meng , Zhao Chenxuan , Fu Mengyu , Sun Miao , Zhang Meihua , Qiu Junlan , Gao Qinqin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPreeclampsia (PE) is a complex human‐specific complication frequently associated with placental pathology. The local renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) in the human placenta, which plays a crucial role in regulating placental function, has been extensively documented. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are a class of steroid hormones. PE cases often have abnormalities in GCs levels and placental GCs barrier. Despite extensive speculation, there is currently no robust evidence indicating that GCs regulate placental RAS. This study aims to investigate these potential relationships. Plasma and placental samples were collected from both normal and PE pregnancies. The levels of angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin II (Ang II), cortisol, and 11β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (11βHSD) were analyzed. In PE placentas, cortisol, ACE, and Ang II levels were elevated, while 11βHSD2 expression was reduced. Interestingly, a positive correlation was observed between ACE and cortisol levels in the placenta. A significant inverse correlation was found between the methylation statuses within the 11βHSD2 gene promoter and its expression, meanwhile, 11βHSD2 expression was negatively correlated with cortisol and ACE levels. In vitro experiments using placental trophoblast cells confirmed that active GCs can stimulate ACE transcription and expression through the GR pathway. Furthermore, 11βHSD2 knockdown could enhance this activating effect. An in vivo study using a rat model of intrauterine GCs overexposure during mid‐to‐late gestation suggested that excess GCs in utero lead to increased ACE and Ang II levels in the placenta. Collectively, this study provides the first evidence of the relationships between 11βHSD2 expression, GCs barrier, ACE, and Ang II levels in the placenta. It not only contributes to understanding the pathological features of the placental GCs barrier and RAS under PE conditions, also provides important information for revealing the pathological mechanism of PE.
The Effect of Abdominal Massage on Bilirubin Levels in Term Infants Receiving Phototherapy
Authors: Köse Selmin , Gözen Duygu , Karadağ Aytemiz Özge Eda , Çağlayan Sabiha 
Published: May 2024

Background:
The incidence of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in Europe and the United States is estimated to be 3.2 and 4.4 per 10,000 live births, respectively. Abdominal massage for hyperbilirubinemia is considered a safe complementary treatment for infants that may increase number of defecations and decrease bilirubin levels.

Purpose:
This study was designed as a randomized controlled trial to determine the effect of abdominal massage on bilirubin levels in term infants receiving phototherapy.

Methods:
The sample consisted of 43 term newborns (intervention group: 23; control group: 20) who received phototherapy in a university hospital between June 2019 and February 2021. Information and observation forms were used for data collection. The intervention group received 6 abdominal massages over 2 days, performed 3 times a day, 6 hours apart, and lasting 5 minutes each.

Results:
Transcutaneous bilirubin levels and heart rate were significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group at 48 hours (P = .015 and P = .033, respectively). Number of defecations was higher in the intervention group at 24 hours (P = .007) but there was no significant difference at 48 hours. The decrease in serum bilirubin between 24 and 48 hours was significantly greater in the intervention group (P = .005).

Implication for Practice and Research:
Abdominal massage was effective in reducing bilirubin levels and may increase the number of defecations. Providing massage training to the parents of infants who are discharged early could be a protective approach to prevent the rise in bilirubin levels.