bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Convergent Total Synthesis of Hikizimycin: Development of New Radical-Based and Protective Group Strategies
Authors: Fujino Haruka , Inoue Masayuki 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHikizimycin (1) is an architecturally complex nucleoside antibiotic with potent anthelmintic and antibacterial activities. Its unique 4-amino-4-deoxyundecose core (hikosamine) includes a C1–C11 linear chain with ten contiguous stereocenters flanked with nucleobase (cytosine) and 3-amino-3-deoxyglucose (kanosamine) at the C1 and C6O positions, respectively. These structural features make its chemical construction exceptionally challenging. This chapter describes our successful efforts leading to convergent total synthesis of 1 from three hexose derivatives (5b, 11-β, and 12) and bis-TMS-cytosine 6. First, efficient one-step construction of hikosamine core 7-α was achieved by devising a novel radical coupling reaction between α-alkoxy telluride 10d-α and aldehyde 8c, which were derivatized from 11-β and 12, respectively. At this stage, the importance of the specific protective group pattern of 10d-α and 8c was revealed for stereoselective C5(sp3)–C6(sp3) coupling. By taking advantage of strategically introduced protective groups, 6 and 5b were regio- and stereoselectively installed on 7-α to produce protected hikizimycin 36b. Finally, the three amino and ten hydroxy groups of 36b were detached in a single step to furnish 1. Consequently, the newly developed radical-based and protective group strategies allowed us to achieve total synthesis of 1 from 11-β in 17 steps.
A Chemo-enzymatic Approach for the Rapid Assembly of Tetrahydroisoquinoline Alkaloids and Their Analogs
Authors: Tanifuji Ryo , Oguri Hiroki 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe utilization of enzymes that catalyze sequential reactions to construct highly functionalized skeletons in a single step could expedite the total synthesis of natural products and allow more precise control of chemo-, regio-, stereo- and enantio-selectivity while minimizing the use of protecting groups. In this chapter, we describe the development of a chemo-enzymatic hybrid synthetic process for a series of complex antitumor natural products, the bis-tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) alkaloids. The approach integrates the precise chemical synthesis of hypothetical biosynthetic intermediates with an enzymatic one-pot conversion to assemble the intricate pentacyclic scaffold, enabling the efficient total synthesis of saframycin A, jorunnamycin A, and N-protected saframycin Y3. We exploited synthetic substrate analogs to implement a versatile chemo-enzymatic synthetic approach to generate variants of THIQ alkaloids, by systematic modification of the substituents and functional groups. Subsequent chemical manipulation allowed the expeditious total synthesis of THIQ alkaloids. Section 7.2 discusses the biosynthesis of THIQ alkaloids, while Sect. 7.3 shifts the focus to chemo-enzymatic hybrid synthesis. Section 7.3.1 examines the impact of long-chain fatty acid side chains on enzymatic conversions by SfmC. In Sect. 7.3.2, the conversion efficiencies of substrates with ester or allyl carbamate linkages replacing amide bonds are sequentially addressed. Sections 7.3.3 and 7.3.4 delve into the chemo-enzymatic total synthesis of THIQ alkaloids. Finally, Sect. 7.3.5 discusses prospective expansion of the substrate scope for broader synthetic applications.
Documenting the Past, Sustaining the Present, Making the Future
Authors: Chow Yiu Fai , de Kloet Jeroen , Schmidt Leonie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis introductory chapter positions Hong Kong as a unique case to rethink the intricate relationships between politics and popular music in the wider context of the globalised times where collective collection and creative practices are increasingly connected and mutually constitutive. It does so by first presenting to the readers Tat Ming Pair, an electronic duo formed in 1980s, during the so-called Golden Era of Cantopop in colonial Hong Kong. Commercially successful and critically acclaimed—thus regularly and currently censored in mainland China—for their engagements with social and political issues, Tat Ming Pair remains active and relevant especially through their live concerts in the last decade. Chapter 1 will elucidate why an inquiry taking the duo as its lynchpin serves to address the central question: How (far) does music impact on politics, and how (far) does politics impact on music? We will then expand our ideas of writing pop and politics in tandem with writing the past, the present and the future—interlaced with a colonial and post-colonial account of Hong Kong, a rally to resilience and activism, and a dialogue with hope and future, all very makeshift. After outlining the theoretical underpinning, this introduction continues to align our inquiry to the growing body of scholarship that seeks to de-Westernise popular music studies, a field of knowledge production persistently dominated by Anglo-Saxon experience and publications. Finally, this unusual attempt to tease out the empirical and theoretical potentials of one single popular music formation in a book-length study, covering not only its creative output (music) but also the production and reception aspects, will be put forward as a methodological intervention, a possible alternative approach to study popular music. The introduction ends with presenting the organisation logic of the book and the gist of the subsequent chapters.
The Worst of Times, The Best of Music
Authors: Chow Yiu Fai , de Kloet Jeroen , Schmidt Leonie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn September 2014, thousands of people started occupying different areas of Hong Kong, demanding “true democracy,” ushering in what was known as the “Umbrella Movement.” The popular protest might have taken the world by surprise; for us, it can be read as a logical outcome of a much longer process of postcolonial anxiety. Popular culture, among which popular music, constitutes an important domain to narrate versions of the past, present, and future that present alternatives to official versions. We therefore shift our eyes and ears from the tumultuous and politically explicit street protests to the aestheticised show of popular sentiments: the 2012 and 2017 Tat Ming Pair concerts. How does Tat Ming’s performance imagine the postcolonial city and its histories? How does it negotiate Hong Kong’s current socio-historical moment? And what kinds of futures does it fantasise for Hong Kong? And what differences can we distinguish between both concerts, one before and the other after the Umbrella Movement? For both concert series, we zoom in onto three songs: “Today Could Have Been a Happy Day 今天應該很高興,” “Tonight the Stars are Bright 今夜星光燦爛,” and “It’s My Party.” These three songs present different articulations of temporality; we start with reflecting on how the (colonial) history of Hong Kong is represented, then move on to analyse how Hong Kong’s present-day predicament is articulated, finally to probe into imaginations of the future in the concerts. These three temporalities, in conjunction with the two different moments the concerts took place, 2012 and 2017, are always already implicated with each other. Following our introduction in Chapter 1, they allow us to study how the constructs of the past, the present, and the possible futures of the city, are woven into the fibre of the concerts.
Another approach to K-subadditivity
Authors: Jabłońska Eliza 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the paper the notion of weakly K-subadditive set-valued maps is introduced in such a way that F is weakly K-superadditive if and only if $$-F$$

-
F

is weakly K-subadditive. This new definition is a natural generalization of K-subadditive set-valued maps from Jabłońska and Nikodem (Aequ Math 95:1221–1231, 2021), for which opposite set-valued maps need not be K-subadditive. Among others, we prove that every weakly K-subadditive set-valued map which is K–upper bounded on a “large” set has to be locally weakly K-upper bounded and weakly K-lower bounded at every point of the domain. This theorem completes an analogous result for K-subadditive set-valued maps which are weakly K-upper bounded on “large” sets from Jabłońska and Nikodem (Aequ Math 95:1221–1231, 2021).
Characterising the Radionuclide Fingerprint of an Advanced Gas-Cooled Nuclear Power Reactor
Authors: Goodwin M. A. , Petts A. , Milbrath B. D. , Ringbom A. , Chester D. L. , Bowyer T. W. , Burnett J. L. , Friese J. , Lidey L. , Hayes J. C. , Eslinger P. W. , Mayer M. , Keller D. , Sarathi R. , Johnson C. , Aldener M. , Liljegren S. , Fritioff T. , Kastlander J. , Leadbetter S. J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRadionuclides are monitored in the atmosphere for the signatures of nuclear explosions, as part of the verification of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT). Civil nuclear facilities, such as Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) and Isotope Production Facilities (IPFs) are sources of anthropogenic radionuclides in the atmosphere and these signatures are sometimes indistinguishable to those of a nuclear explosion. In order to improve the understanding of civil radionuclide-emitting facilities and their impact on the International Monitoring System (IMS) of the CTBT, a group of scientists from the UK, US and Sweden are collaborating with EDF Energy UK to measure radionuclide emissions from an Advanced Gas-cooled Reactor (AGR) nuclear power station. Emissions are being measured at the source, via a stack monitor and high-resolution gamma spectrometry measurements of filters and also at tens of kilometres away via three sensitive radioxenon atmospheric samplers. The timing, isotopic composition, activity magnitudes and other release parameters of interest are investigated, to improve the discrimination between a civil radionuclide release and an explosive nuclear test. This paper outlines the work of the Xenon and Environmental Nuclide Analysis at Hartlepool (XENAH) collaboration, describes the equipment fielded and provides initial results from each measurement campaign.
Phytoplankton composition in Mediterranean confined coastal lagoons: testing the use of ecosystem metabolism for the quantification of community-related variables
Authors: Bas-Silvestre Maria , Antón-Pardo Maria , Boix Dani , Gascón Stéphanie , Compte Jordi , Bou Jordi , Obrador Biel , Quintana Xavier D. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEstimations of ecosystem metabolism have rarely been used to quantify productivity in structural reductionist approaches for the description of phytoplankton composition. However, estimations of ecosystem metabolism could contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between phytoplankton composition and ecosystem functioning. To examine this, we investigated the community structure of phytoplankton in a set of Mediterranean coastal lagoons (natural and artificial) during a hydrological cycle to identify the most important environmental variables determining phytoplankton species composition. The focus of the study was on the quantification of productivity-related variables using estimations of ecosystem metabolism, such as different proxies for the estimation of the production-to-biomass ratio and of the relative importance of K- and r-strategies, which are commonly used conceptually but not quantified. Our results demonstrated differences in phytoplankton composition between seasons, due to the dominant hydrological pattern of flooding confinement in the salt marsh, and between lagoons that were caused by different levels of nutrient availability. Moreover, there was a notable decrease in the production/biomass ratio and a prevalence of K-strategists with seasonal succession, as predicted by Margalef’s mandala. Thus, the results showed that estimations of ecosystem metabolism are useful for the higher frequency quantification of important ecological variables, and contribute to a better understanding of planktonic assemblages, and physical and chemical changes, in these fluctuating ecosystems.
Historisches zur Ethik in der Psychiatrie
Authors: Schmiedebach Heinz-Peter 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungUm 1900 war die Etablierung der akademischen Psychiatrie vollzogen. Gleichzeitig verschob sich das professionelle Selbstverständnis der Psychiater angesichts der gesellschaftlichen Krisenphänomene hin zu einem Selbstbild, nach dem die Psychiatrie ihre Expertise in den Dienst an Volk und Vaterland zu stellen hatte. Dies kam besonders im Ersten Weltkrieg im brutalen Umgang mit den sog. Kriegsneurotikern zum Ausdruck. Im Zusammenhang mit dem sog. Hungersterben von ca. 70.000 Anstaltsinsassen erörterte Karl Bonhoeffer in der Nachkriegszeit eine Wandlung des Humanitätsbegriffes. Als schlimmste Konsequenz der Abkehr vom Humanitätsdenken sind die im Nationalsozialismus erfolgten Morde an den Kranken zu nennen. Legitimierungen solcher Verbrechen mit Hinweisen auf eine Kollektivethik, wie es Karl Brandt versuchte, erscheinen jedoch wenig überzeugend. Die in den 1960er-Jahren initiierten Psychiatriereformen und seit 2008 in Kraft getretene Behindertenrechtskonvention der Vereinten Nationen haben Voraussetzungen für eine unterstützende und zwangsreduzierte Psychiatrie geschaffen, wobei jedoch noch viele Fragen, auch im Rechts- und Sozialsystem, zu klären sind.
Identification and validation of gestational diabetes subgroups by data-driven cluster analysis
Authors: Salvatori Benedetta , Wegener Silke , Kotzaeridi Grammata , Herding Annika , Eppel Florian , Dressler-Steinbach Iris , Henrich Wolfgang , Piersanti Agnese , Morettini Micaela , Tura Andrea , Göbl Christian S. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a heterogeneous condition. Given such variability among patients, the ability to recognise distinct GDM subgroups using routine clinical variables may guide more personalised treatments. Our main aim was to identify distinct GDM subtypes through cluster analysis using routine clinical variables, and analyse treatment needs and pregnancy outcomes across these subgroups.

Methods
In this cohort study, we analysed datasets from a total of 2682 women with GDM treated at two central European hospitals (1865 participants from Charité University Hospital in Berlin and 817 participants from the Medical University of Vienna), collected between 2015 and 2022. We evaluated various clustering models, including k-means, k-medoids and agglomerative hierarchical clustering. Internal validation techniques were used to guide best model selection, while external validation on independent test sets was used to assess model generalisability. Clinical outcomes such as specific treatment needs and maternal and fetal complications were analysed across the identified clusters.

Results
Our optimal model identified three clusters from routinely available variables, i.e. maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI (BMIPG) and glucose levels at fasting and 60 and 120 min after the diagnostic OGTT (OGTT0, OGTT60 and OGTT120, respectively). Cluster 1 was characterised by the highest OGTT values and obesity prevalence. Cluster 2 displayed intermediate BMIPG and elevated OGTT0, while cluster 3 consisted mainly of participants with normal BMIPG and high values for OGTT60 and OGTT120. Treatment modalities and clinical outcomes varied among clusters. In particular, cluster 1 participants showed a much higher need for glucose-lowering medications (39.6% of participants, compared with 12.9% and 10.0% in clusters 2 and 3, respectively, p<0.0001). Cluster 1 participants were also at higher risk of delivering large-for-gestational-age infants. Differences in the type of insulin-based treatment between cluster 2 and cluster 3 were observed in the external validation cohort.

Conclusions/interpretation
Our findings confirm the heterogeneity of GDM. The identification of subgroups (clusters) has the potential to help clinicians define more tailored treatment approaches for improved maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Graphical Abstract
Information economies with taste diversity and bounded attention spans
Authors: Conley John P. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe consider an economy with a countably infinite number of consumers and pure public information goods. Each of these differentiated products is produced by a single monopoly firm that enters the market if it can cover costs. Thus, the product space is endogenous. We assume that the population of agents has diverse tastes, but bounded attention spans for content. We show that this implies that at all Pareto efficient allocations, all agents consume a finite number of public goods, and that each public good is consumed by a finite number of agents. In effect, these two taste assumptions turn pure public goods into what amount to club goods, despite the lack of rivalry in consumption or crowding of any type. Unfortunately, the equilibrium outcomes of Tiebout-like competition between public good providers do not satisfy the First Welfare Theorem. Even non-anonymous Lindahlian price systems are not sufficient to signal all profit opportunities to firms. We conclude that information markets are likely to be inefficient, and there will always remain opportunities for economic profits in an information economy.
Space-time CutFEM on overlapping meshes II: simple discontinuous mesh evolution
Authors: Larson Mats G. , Lundholm Carl 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe present a cut finite element method for the heat equation on two overlapping meshes: a stationary background mesh and an overlapping mesh that evolves inside/“on top” of it. Here the overlapping mesh is prescribed by a simple discontinuous evolution, meaning that its location, size, and shape as functions of time are discontinuous and piecewise constant. For the discrete function space, we use continuous Galerkin in space and discontinuous Galerkin in time, with the addition of a discontinuity on the boundary between the two meshes. The finite element formulation is based on Nitsche’s method. The simple discontinuous mesh evolution results in a space-time discretization with a slabwise product structure between space and time which allows for existing analysis methodologies to be applied with only minor modifications. We follow the analysis methodology presented by Eriksson and Johnson (SIAM J Numer Anal 28(1):43–77, 1991; SIAM J Numer Anal 32(3):706–740, 1995). The greatest modification is the introduction of a Ritz-like “shift operator” that is used to obtain the discrete strong stability needed for the error analysis. The shift operator generalizes the original analysis to some methods for which the discrete subspace at one time does not lie in the space of the stiffness form at the subsequent time. The error analysis consists of an a priori error estimate that is of optimal order with respect to both time step and mesh size. We also present numerical results for a problem in one spatial dimension that verify the analytic error convergence orders.
Isotropic and numerical equivalence for Chow groups and Morava K-theories
Authors: Vishik Alexander 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this paper we prove the conjecture claiming that, over a flexible field, isotropic Chow groups coincide with numerical Chow groups (with ${\Bbb {F}}_{p}$

F
p

-coefficients). This shows that Isotropic Chow motives coincide with Numerical Chow motives. In particular, homs between such objects are finite groups and ⊗ has no zero-divisors. It provides a large supply of new points for the Balmer spectrum of the Voevodsky motivic category. We also prove the Morava K-theory version of the above result, which permits to construct plenty of new points for the Balmer spectrum of the Morel-Voevodsky ${\mathbb{A}}^{1}$

A
1

-stable homotopy category. This substantially improves our understanding of the mentioned spectra whose description is a major open problem.
Accurately predicting turbulent heat transfer over rough walls: a review of measurement equipment and methods
Authors: Abu Rowin Wagih , Xia Yu , Wang Sicong , Hutchins Nicholas 
Published: May 2024

AbstractStudying turbulent heat transfer over rough surfaces is vital for enhancing heat transfer efficiency in various practical applications. This research presents an in-depth examination of the commissioning of a heated floor boundary layer wind tunnel facility, specifically focussing on addressing the uncertainties in measuring heat transfer over rough walls. Our findings show that minor variations in the slope of the inner-scaled mean temperature profile ($$\kappa _h$$

κ
h

) on a heated smooth wall have a marginal effect on the estimates of friction temperature and heat transfer coefficients across a range of friction Reynolds numbers ($${900 \lesssim \textrm{Re}_\tau \lesssim 3700}$$

900
≲

Re
τ

≲
3700

) when using the Clauser fit method. Direct heat transfer measurements using power metres validate this conclusion. Temperature measurements over a three-dimensional sinusoidal roughness indicate constant $$\kappa _h$$

κ
h

within uncertainty limits across the examined range $${2300 \lesssim \textrm{Re}_\tau \lesssim 10{,}400}$$

2300
≲

Re
τ

≲
10
,
400

, contingent on prior knowledge of the roughness’s virtual origin. Nevertheless, measuring heat transfer coefficients and roughness functions entails large uncertainty due to challenges in estimating heat losses and applying the modified Clauser method. Recommendations for enhancing accuracy in heated rough wall measurements include direct measurement of wall shear stress and heat flux, selecting low emissivity heated plates and ensuring precise control of heated wall conditions. This work also emphasises the significance of conducting a comprehensive uncertainty analysis as a valuable tool for identifying and addressing any shortcomings in the measurement facility and equipment.
Fast image recoloring for red–green anomalous trichromacy with contrast enhancement and naturalness preservation
Authors: Zhou Haiqiang , Huang Wangkang , Zhu Zhenyang , Chen Xiaodiao , Go Kentaro , Mao Xiaoyang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractColor vision deficiency (CVD) is an eye disease caused by genetics that reduces the ability to distinguish colors, affecting approximately 200 million people worldwide. In response, image recoloring approaches have been proposed in existing studies for CVD compensation, and a state-of-the-art recoloring algorithm has even been adapted to offer personalized CVD compensation; however, it is built on a color space that is lacking perceptual uniformity, and its low computation efficiency hinders its usage in daily life by individuals with CVD. In this paper, we propose a fast and personalized degree-adaptive image-recoloring algorithm for CVD compensation that considers naturalness preservation and contrast enhancement. Moreover, we transferred the simulated color gamut of the varying degrees of CVD in RGB color space to CIE L*a*b* color space, which offers perceptual uniformity. To verify the effectiveness of our method, we conducted quantitative and subject evaluation experiments, demonstrating that our method achieved the best scores for contrast enhancement and naturalness preservation.