bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of insulin as a negative regulator of plasma endocannabinoid levels in obese and nonobese subjects
Authors: Di Marzo Vincenzo , Verrijken An , Hakkarainen Antti , Petrosino Stefania , Mertens Ilse , Lundbom Nina , Piscitelli Fabiana , Westerbacka Jukka , Soro-Paavonen Aino , Matias Isabel , Van Gaal Luc , Taskinen Marja-Riitta 
Published: September 2009

ObjectiveEndocannabinoids (ECs) control metabolism via cannabinoid receptors type 1 (CB1). Their plasma levels are elevated in overweight type 2 diabetes (T2D) and in obese patients, and decrease postprandially in normoweight individuals. We investigated in two different cohorts of nonobese or obese volunteers whether oral glucose in glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) or acute insulin infusion during euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp affect plasma EC levels.Design and methodsOGTT was performed in ten obese hyperinsulinemic patients (body mass index (BMI)=35.8 kg/m2, fasting insulin=14.83 mU/l), and ten normoweight normoinsulinemic volunteers (BMI=21.9 kg/m2, fasting insulin=7.2 mU/l). Insulin clamp was performed in 19 mostly nonobese men (BMI=25.8 kg/m2) with varying degrees of liver fat and plasma triglycerides (TGs), with (n=7) or without T2D. Plasma levels of ECs (anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG)) were measured by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, before and 60 and 180 min after OGTT, and before and 240 and 480 min after insulin or saline infusion.ResultsOral glucose load decreased anandamide plasma levels to an extent inversely correlated with BMI, waist circumference, subcutaneous fat, fasting insulin and total glucose, and insulin areas under the curve during the OGTT, and nonsignificantly in obese volunteers. Insulin infusion decreased anandamide levels to an extent that weakly, but significantly, correlated negatively with TGs, liver fat and fasting insulin, and positively with high density lipoprotein cholesterol. OGTT decreased 2-AG levels to a lower extent and in a way weakly inversely correlated with fasting insulin.ConclusionsWe suggest that insulin reduces EC levels in a way inversely related to anthropometric and metabolic predictors of insulin resistance and dyslipidemia.
Computed tomography angiography, perfusion computed tomography, and a drug-eluting stent for the treatment of in-stent restenosis of the middle cerebral artery
Authors: Kim Seong-Rim , You Seung-Hoon , Yoon Won-Ki , Kim Young-Woo , Kim Sang-Don , Park Ik-Seong , Baik Min-Woo 
Published: September 2009

The authors report a case of in-stent restenosis (ISR) of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) following bare-metal stent (BMS) deployment and subsequent treatment using a drug-eluting stent (DES). This 65-year-old woman presented with frequent transient ischemic attacks. Initial studies revealed occlusion of the left internal carotid artery and severe stenosis of the right MCA with decreased cerebral perfusion in the bilateral MCA territories. Stent-assisted angioplasty of the right MCA was performed using a BMS, and satisfactory results were obtained with no complications. Six months after the procedure the patient presented with recurrent symptoms, and workups revealed ISR with decreased cerebral perfusion. A DES was successfully placed without complications. Follow-up studies at 3 and 8 months after retreatment showed sustained luminal integrity and cerebral perfusion. A combination of CT angiography and perfusion CT exhibited the anatomical results and hemodynamic status of the stenotic lesion, and these findings coincided with the patient's clinical symptoms and the results of conventional cerebral angiography.
In-stent restenosis of the MCA after placement of a BMS can be treated using a DES. A combination of CT angiography and perfusion CT can be an alternative to conventional angiography. Low-profile devices with an amelioration of trackability are essential for the further incorporation of the DES into the field of endovascular neurosurgery. More clinical experiences and long-term follow-ups are mandatory to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and durability of the DES.
The effect of an emotional intelligence development programme on accountants
Authors: Jonker Cara S. 
Published: September 2009

The objective of this research was to compile and evaluate a development programme aimed at emotional intelligence (EI) in the accounting profession. A two-group design (pre- and post-test) was used. An accidental sample (experimental and control group) was taken from future employees within a financial management environment. The BarOn-EQ-i was administered and further data were gathered qualitatively by means of diary entries. The results showed an improvement in total EI level. The specific areas of EI that were developed due to the programme included the following subscales: interpersonal, adaptability and general mood. The specific EI factors that showed improvement included self-regard, self-actualisation, interpersonal relations, reality testing, problem solving, flexibility, stress tolerance and optimism.
Synthesis of multiwalled carbon nanotubes on Al2O3 supported Ni catalysts in a fluidized‐bed
Authors: Liu Jun , Harris Andrew T. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractMultiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were synthesized on Al2O3 supported Ni catalysts from C2H2 and C2H4 feedstocks in a fluidized bed. The influence of the ratio of superficial gas velocity to the minimum fluidization velocity (U/Umf), feedstock type, the ratio of carbon in the total quantity of gas fed to the reactor, reaction temperature, the ratio of hydrogen to carbon in the feed gas, and nickel loading were all investigated. Significantly, the pressure drop across the fluidized‐bed increased as the reaction time increased for all experiments, due to the deposition of MWNTs on the catalyst particles. This resulted in substantial changes to the depth and structure of the fluidized bed as the reaction proceeded, significantly altering the bed hydrodynamics. TEM images of the bed materials showed that MWNTs, metal catalysts, and alumina supports were predominant in the product mixture, with some coiled carbon nanotubes as a by‐product. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Traumatic occupational injuries in Hispanic and foreign born workers
Authors: Forst Linda , Avila Susan , Anozie Stella , Rubin Rachel 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackgroundHispanic and foreign‐born workers suffer high rates of occupational fatality. Reasons for this are not well understood. Our aim was to gather information about the details related to severe, non‐fatal occupational injuries in this vulnerable population.MethodsEight years of data were obtained from an urban trauma center. In addition, medical consultations of individuals admitted for an occupational injury during an 8‐month period are reported.ResultsHispanics were more highly represented than expected; their number of injuries steadily rose. Hispanics were more likely to be injured by machinery and hand tools. Workers reported hazardous working conditions, lack of workers compensation, short time in current employment, and not working in their usual job.ConclusionTrauma systems can provide a glimpse of risk factors for severe injuries in vulnerable workers. We recommend greater use of this data source, follow backs, long‐term follow up of individuals, and improvement of surveillance of vulnerable working populations. Am. J. Ind. Med. 53:344–351, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A pilot respiratory health assessment of nail technicians: Symptoms, lung function, and airway inflammation
Authors: Reutman Susan R. , Rohs Amy M. , Clark John C. , Johnson Belinda C. , Sammons Deborah L. , Toennis Christine A. , Robertson Shirley A. , MacKenzie Barbara A. , Lockey James E. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackgroundRecent surveys suggest nail technicians, particularly artificial nail applicators, have increased respiratory symptoms and asthma risk.MethodsWe examined lung function (n = 62) and a marker of airway inflammation, i.e., exhaled nitric oxide (ENO) (n = 43), in a subset of nail technician and control participants in a pilot health assessment.ResultsBivariate analysis of technicians demonstrated that job latency was inversely correlated with FEV1 percent predicted (FEV1PP) (r = −0.34, P = 0.03) and FVCPP (r = −0.32, P = 0.05). Acrylic gel contact hours were inversely correlated with FEV1PP (r = −0.38, P = 0.02) and FVCPP (r = −0.47, P = 0.003). Current smoking was inversely and significantly (P ≤ 0.05) associated with ENO in bivariate analysis. Log 10 ENO levels were directly correlated with job latency (P = 0.012) and gel nail application (P = 0.026) in multivariable analyses.ConclusionsThese positive pilot respiratory test results warrant additional future investigation. Am. J. Ind. Med. 52:868–875, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cost effective activated carbon treatment process for removing free chlorine from water
Authors: Li Bingjing , Zhang Huaixu , Zhang Wei , Huang Liuya , Duan Jun , Hu Juan , Ying Weichi 
Published: September 2009

AbstractExperiments of batch treatment and column breakthrough were conducted to compare the dechlorination effectiveness of five activated carbons: three made from coal (of different activation) and one each from coconut shell and fruit nut/shell. The removal of free chlorine was accomplished by physical adsorption and chemical reaction; adsorption was the main removal mechanism initially while chemical reaction by catalytic reduction was responsible for continued removal of free chlorine. Removal of free chlorine was enhanced by a longer contact time, a lower pH, and a higher initial/influent free chlorine concentration. Using < 180 mesh particles of activated carbon in mixed batch reactors, the carbon's adsorptive capacity for free chlorine was established in 2 h; the carbons' adsorptive capacities for free chlorine were in the same order as their phenol numbers, the indicator of small micropores. The coconut carbon had the highest adsorptive capacity but was much less reactive relative to the commercial coal and fruit shell carbons. Much more free chlorine was removed in the lab carbon columns than the carbons' adsorptive capacities due to catalytic reduction of the adsorbed free chlorine on carbon surface. The free chlorine removal capacities of the two spent carbons were similar to the respective new carbons. Copyright © 2009 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The art of surface modification of synthetic polymeric membranes
Authors: Khulbe K. C. , Feng C. , Matsuura T. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe development in the area of surface modification of polymeric synthetic membranes since 2000 is reviewed. Many patents, articles, and reviews have been written on the development in the area of surface modification of polymeric synthetic membranes subjected to RO, UF, NF, gas separation (GS), and biomedical applications, mainly since 2000, but recently more attention has been given to the modification of their surfaces to obtain desirable results. In particular, most emphasis has been given to plasma treatment, grafting of polymers on the surface, and modifying the surfaces by adding SMMs (surface‐modifying molecules). New additives are synthesized to make the polymeric membrane surfaces either to be more hydrophilic or hydrophobic, aimed at improvement in selectivity and permeability of the membranes for GS, NF, and RO. Improvement in antifouling by surface modification is also a popular topic in the membrane industries. In the last 8 years, tremendous research efforts have been made on the development of antifouling membranes. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
DNA‐binding properties of Drosophila ecdysone receptor isoforms and their modification by the heterodimerization partner ultraspiracle
Authors: Braun Simone , Azoitei Anca , Spindler‐Barth Margarethe 
Published: September 2009

AbstractTranscriptional activity of ecdysone receptor (EcR) isoforms varies considerably and is modified further by the heterodimerization partner and hormone treatment. To investigate whether differences in DNA binding of receptor complexes are responsible for these variations in transcriptional activity, interaction of Drosophila EcR isoforms, and variants of Ultraspiracle (Usp), the orthologue of RXR, with the ecdysone response elements (EcRE) hsp 27, PAL‐1, and DR‐1, were determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Receptor proteins were expressed in vertebrate cells (CHO‐K1) in order to rule out an influence of endogenous receptor proteins. In the absence of a heterodimerization partner, weak DNA binding of EcR was detected even without hormone with EcR‐A and ‐B1, but not EcR‐B2. In the presence of hormone, all three isoforms show increased binding to the hsp 27 EcRE. The heterodimerization partner Usp increased DNA binding considerably. The hormone effect of heterodimers is more pronounced with both EcR‐B isoforms compared to EcR‐A. Two specific bands were obtained for EcR‐A and B1 but only one band is visible with EcR‐B2. Deletion of the C‐domain of Usp still allows basal DNA binding of the heterodimer, but in contrast to full‐length Usp, addition of hormone decreases the intensity of the retarded receptor band of all EcR isoforms and the EcREs hsp27 and DR‐1 considerably, whereas interaction with the EcRE PAL‐1 is only slightly affected. Synergistic effects on transcriptional activity are associated with the formation of different receptor DNA‐complexes observed with 1×hsp27 and 3×hsp27. Comparison of DNA‐binding properties of EcR isoforms and EcR/Usp heterodimers revealed that binding of receptor complexes to hsp 27 EcRE is dependent on the AB domain of EcR and the AB‐, C‐, and D‐domains of the heterodimerization partner. Interaction with the hsp 27 EcRE correlates neither with ligand binding nor with transcriptional activity of the various receptor complexes. We, therefore, conclude that the different receptor functions are regulated separately, for example, by interaction with co‐modulators or post‐transcriptional modifications. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 2‐Mercapto‐1,3‐benzothiazole Derivatives with Potential Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Franchini Carlo , Muraglia Marilena , Corbo Filomena , Florio Marco Antonio , Di Mola Antonia , Rosato Antonio , Matucci Rosanna , Nesi Marta , van Bambeke Francoise , Vitali Cesare 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe enhancement of bacterial resistance of pathogens to currently available antibiotics constitutes a serious public health threat. So, intensive efforts are underway worldwide to develop new antimicrobial agents. To identify compounds with a potent antimicrobial profile, we designed and synthesized low molecular weight 2‐mercaptobenzothiazole derivatives 2a–2l and 3a–3l. Both series were screened for in‐vitro antibacterial activity against the representative panel of Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria strains. The biological screening identified compounds 2e and 2l as the most active ones showing an interesting antibacterial activity with MIC values of 3.12 μg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus and 25 μg/mL against Escherichia coli, respectively. The replacement of the S‐H by the S‐Bn moiety resulted in considerable loss of the antibacterial action of the 3a–3l series. The antibiotic action of compounds 2e and 2l was also investigated by testing their activity against some clinical isolates with different antimicrobial resistance profile. Moreover, the involvement of the NorA efflux pump in the antibacterial activity of our molecules was evaluated. Finally, in this paper, we also describe the cytotoxic activity of the most interesting compounds by MTS assay against HeLa and MRC‐5 cell lines.
Assessing biomass availability in the UK
Authors: Dommett Louise 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIncreasing the use of biomass as an energy source and for industrial materials offers potential environmental benefi ts and new possibilities for the use of land. Despite recent UK and EU legislation, its availability in the UK is currently on a very small scale. Quantifying the amount of biomass the UK can grow is not a simple process. Louise Dommett – the National Non‐Food Crops Centre (NNFCC) – reports on calculated fi gures for the current and potential total biomass that is and could be grown by the UK. © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Lymphatic development
Authors: Butler Matthew G. , Isogai Sumio , Weinstein Brant M. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe lymphatic system is essential for fluid homeostasis, immune responses, and fat absorption, and is involved in many pathological processes, including tumor metastasis and lymphedema. Despite its importance, progress in understanding the origins and early development of this system has been hampered by lack of defining molecular markers and difficulties in observing lymphatic cells in vivo and performing genetic and experimental manipulation of the lymphatic system. Recent identification of new molecular markers, new genes with important functional roles in lymphatic development, and new experimental models for studying lymphangiogenesis has begun to yield important insights into the emergence and assembly of this important tissue. This review focuses on the mechanisms regulating development of the lymphatic vasculature during embryogenesis. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 87:222–231, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of Gas Injection on the In‐Situ Oil Fraction of an Oil‐Water Flow in Horizontal Pipes
Authors: Xu J. , Wu Y. , Chang Y. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIn this work, an experimental study was made on gas injection into an oil‐water flow in horizontal pipes with two unequal pipe diameters. Special attention was given to the influence of gas injection on the average in‐situ oil fraction. Measurements were made for input water flow rates of 1.25–5 m3/h, input oil flow rates of 0–8 m3/h and input gas flow rates of 0–9 m3/h. It was found that gas injection has a considerable influence on the in‐situ oil fraction. In general, a small increase in the rate of air injection leads to greatly decreasing in‐situ oil fractions. The in‐situ oil fraction with gas injection decreases to a greater extent than that without gas injection, at the same input liquid flow rates. At a given input water flow rate, the value of the in‐situ oil fraction in the pipe with the larger diameter is higher than that in the pipe with the smaller diameter. Furthermore, the drift flux models were extended to predict the average in‐situ fractions of the oil phase in the intermittent three‐phase flow regimes. A good agreement is obtained between theory and data, especially for the in‐situ oil fraction range of 0.2–1.0.
1‐Phenyl‐1,2‐cyclohexadiene: Generation, Interception by Activated Olefins, Dimerisation and Trimerisation
Authors: Christl Manfred , Schreck Michael , Fischer Thomas , Rudolph Marcus , Moigno Damien , Fischer Hartmut , Deuerlein Stephan , Stalke Dietmar 
Published: September 2009

AbstractFour possible precursors of 1‐phenyl‐1,2‐cyclohexadiene (2) were examined, namely, 6,6‐dibromo‐1‐phenylbicyclo[3.1.0]hexane, (1α,5α,6α)‐6‐bromo‐6‐fluoro‐1‐phenylbicyclo[3.1.0]hexane, 1‐bromo‐2‐phenylcyclohexene and 1‐bromo‐6‐phenylcyclohexene. All four compounds could be converted into 2, as demonstrated by the products of the interception of 2 with activated olefins. Styrene, 1,1‐diphenylethene, indene, furan and 2,5‐dimethylfuran were employed as such. Whereas the first three gave [2+2] cycloadducts of 2, the last two provided one [4+2] cycloadduct each. To create the [2+2] cycloadducts, the π bond of 2 that is more remote from the phenyl group reacted, whereas the π bond of 2 conjugated with the phenyl group exclusively produced the [4+2] cycloadducts. The generation of 2 in the absence of a trapping reagent brought about relatively good yields of a dimer or a trimer of 2 depending on the mode of the liberation of 2. Being derivatives of triphenylene, the dimer as well as the trimer have unusual structures, thereby indicating that a phenyl group is participating in the formation of these compounds. The most surprising structure of the trimer was elucidated by X‐ray crystal diffraction. As to the mechanisms, diradical intermediates are proposed both for the cycloadditions and for the dimerisation. The initial steps of the latter seem to proceed also in the trimerisation.
Examination of the Effect of the Annealing Cation on Higher Order Structures Containing Guanine or Isoguanine Repeats
Authors: Pierce Sarah E. , Wang Junmei , Jayawickramarajah Janarthanan , Hamilton Andrew D. , Brodbelt Jennifer S. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIsoguanine (2‐oxo‐6‐amino‐guanine), a natural but non‐standard base, exhibits unique self‐association properties compared to its isomer, guanine, and results in formation of different higher order DNA structures. In this work, the higher order structures formed by oligonucleotides containing guanine repeats or isoguanine repeats after annealing in solutions containing various cations are evaluated by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. The guanine‐containing strand (G9) consistently formed quadruplexes upon annealing, whereas the isoguanine strand (Ig9) formed both pentaplexes and quadruplexes depending on the annealing cation. Quadruplex formation with G9 showed some dependence on the identity of the cation present during annealing with high relative quadruplex formation detected with six of ten cations. Analogous annealing experiments with Ig9 resulted in complex formation with all ten cations, and the majority of the resulting complexes were pentaplexes. CD results indicated most of the original complexes survived the desalting process necessary for ESI‐MS analysis. In addition, several complexes, especially the pentaplexes, were found to be capable of cation exchange with ammonium ions. Ab initio calculations were conducted for isoguanine tetrads and pentads coordinated with all ten cations to predict the most energetically stable structures of the complexes in the gas phase. The observed preference of forming quadruplexes versus pentaplexes as a function of the coordinated cation can be interpreted by the calculated reaction energies of both the tetrads and pentads in combination with the distortion energies of tetrads.
Detection and Identification of Alkylating Agents by Using a Bioinspired “Chemical Nose”
Authors: Hertzog‐Ronen Carmit , Borzin Elena , Gerchikov Yulia , Tessler Nir , Eichen Yoav 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAlkylating agents are simple and reactive molecules that are commonly used in many and diverse fields such as organic synthesis, medicine, and agriculture. Some highly reactive alkylating species are also being used as blister chemical‐warfare agents. The detection and identification of alkylating agents is not a trivial issue because of their high reactivity and simple structure. Herein, we report on a new multispot luminescence‐based approach to the detection and identification of alkylating agents. In order to demonstrate the potential of the approach, seven π‐conjugated oligomers and polymers bearing nucleophilic pyridine groups, 1–7, were adsorbed onto a solid support and exposed to vapors of alkylators 8–15. The alkylation‐induced color‐shift patterns of the seven‐spot array allow clear discrimination of the different alkylators. The spots are sensitive to minute concentrations of alkylators and, because the detection is based on the formation of new covalent bonds, these spots saturate at about 50 ppb.
ChemInform Abstract: The Centrosymmetric Metal Metaborate KCdB3O6.
Authors: Jin Shifeng , Chai Gemei , Liu Jun , Wang Wanyan , Chen Xiaolong 
Published: September 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.