bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of admissions to women's crisis houses compared with traditional psychiatric wards: pilot patient-preference randomised controlled trial
Authors: Howard L. , Flach C. , Leese M. , Byford S. , Killaspy H. , Cole L. , Lawlor C. , Betts J. , Sharac J. , Cutting P. , McNicholas S. , Johnson S. 
Published: August 2010

BackgroundWomen's crisis houses have been developed in the UK as a less stigmatising and less institutional alternative to traditional psychiatric wards.AimsTo examine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of women's crisis houses by first examining the feasibility of a pilot patient-preference randomised controlled trial (PP–RCT) design (ISRCTN20804014).MethodWe used a PP–RCT study design to investigate women presenting in crisis needing informal admission. The four study arms were the patient preference arms of women's crisis house or hospital admission, and randomised arms of women's crisis house or hospital admission.ResultsForty-one women entered the randomised arms of the trial (crisis house n = 19, wards n = 22) and 61 entered the patient-preference arms (crisis house n = 37, ward n = 24). There was no significant difference in outcomes (symptoms, functioning, perceived coercion, stigma, unmet needs or quality of life) or costs for any of the groups (randomised or preference arms), but women who obtained their preferred intervention were more satisfied with treatment.ConclusionsAlthough the sample sizes were too small to allow definite conclusions, the results suggest that when services are able to provide interventions preferred by patients, those patients are more likely to be satisfied with treatment. This pilot study provides some evidence that women's crisis houses are as effective as traditional psychiatric wards, and may be more cost-effective.
Alternatives to standard acute in-patient care in England: differences in content of care and staff–patient contact
Authors: Lloyd-Evans B. , Johnson S. , Morant N. , Gilburt H. , Osborn D. P. J. , Jagielska D. , Skinner R. , Leese M. , Shepherd G. , Slade M. 
Published: August 2010

BackgroundDifferences in the content of care provided by acute in-patient mental health wards and residential crisis services such as crisis houses have not been researched.AimsTo compare planned and actual care provided at alternative and standard acute wards and to investigate the relationship between care received and patient satisfaction.MethodPerspectives of stakeholders, including local service managers, clinicians and commissioners, were obtained from 23 qualitative interviews. Quantitative investigation of the care provided at four alternative and four standard services was undertaken using three instruments developed for this study. The relationship of care received to patient satisfaction was explored.ResultsNo significant difference was found in intensity of staff– patient contact between alternative and standard services. Alternative services provided more psychological and less physical and pharmacological care than standard wards. Care provision may be more collaborative and informal in alternative services. All measured types of care were positively associated with patient satisfaction. Measured differences in the care provided did not explain the greater acceptability of community alternatives.ConclusionsSimilarities in care may be more marked than differences at alternative and standard services. Staff–patient contact is an important determinant of patient satisfaction, so increasing it should be a priority for all acute in-patient services.
Where next with residential alternatives to admission?
Authors: Johnson Sonia , Lloyd-Evans Brynmor , Howard Louise , Osborn David P. J. , Slade Mike 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe quest for alternatives to traditional psychiatric wards has a long history but methodological difficulties have limited research into their benefits. Two UK studies suggest that community-based residential alternatives are valued by service users and may be cost-effective. Establishing and/or maintaining such services, where they function as an integrated component of local acute care pathways, is a justifiable decision. However, our findings do not provide compelling evidence that they should be seen as essential in every catchment area. Quality of therapeutic relationships appears central to service user experiences, and future research should explore how this may be improved in both hospital and community settings.
Asylum application process: the psychiatric patient's experience
Authors: Pitman Alexandra 
Published: August 2010

SummaryClinicians in all specialties may encounter patients who are in the process of seeking asylum in the UK. This article outlines the practical realities of this process, particularly the legal, social, and economic challenges faced by applicants, and the long wait for resolution. These are highlighted as factors that may have an impact on the psychological health and social functioning of patients. This social and economic context is of particular interest to mental health professionals involved in the care of asylum-seekers; assisting in the process of case formulation, risk assessment, care planning, and the preparation of medico-legal reports.
An assessment centre for psychiatrists
Authors: Sugarman Philip , Yorston Graeme , Wyman Diane 
Published: August 2010

SummaryAn assessment centre is a widely accepted management technique for the effective and fair selection of candidates for employment and promotion. In an era of evidence-based medicine, their adoption for clinicians must surely be overdue. We report our positive experience of introducing assessment centres at St Andrew's Healthcare, a UK mental health charity. The involvement of service users and members of the multidisciplinary team proved invaluable to the success of this innovation.
Needs of homeless people for mental healthcare
Authors: Abdul-Hamid Walid Khalid , Wykes Til , Stansfeld Stephen 
Published: August 2010

Aims and methodTo assess the individual needs for psychiatric services of a representative sample of homeless men living in hostels. A standardised procedure was used to assess the needs of 101 randomly selected homeless men.ResultsThe main mental health needs of the study sample were for psychiatric and social assessments and for alcohol and drug services. Men with psychotic problems had a high level of needs for psychiatric services and a higher proportion of unmet needs.Clinical implicationsOur findings support the need for community-based multidisciplinary services that work specifically with homeless people to meet their needs. These services should incorporate psychiatric, social and substance misuse services.
The recovery approach to care in psychiatric services: staff attitudes before and after training
Authors: Gudjonsson Gisli H. , Webster Gemma , Green Timothy 
Published: August 2010

Aims and methodTo investigate the attitude of staff towards the recovery approach in forensic mental health services and the impact of training on staff knowledge and attitudes. A specially constructed 50-item recovery approach staff questionnaire, which focused on the core components of the recovery approach, was completed by 137 members of staff in in-patient forensic services in Lambeth, south London.ResultsStaff were generally very positive about the implementation of the recovery approach in forensic services and those who had received training scored significantly higher on the questionnaire than non-trained staff.Clinical implicationsThe great majority of staff agree that the recovery approach to care does have a place in forensic services. This is important and needs to be built into the implementation of this approach in forensic services.
Photochromic Nucleobase Photoisomerized by Visible Light
Authors: Ogasawara Shinzi , Ito Syoji , Miyasaka Hiroshi , Maeda Mizuo 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
The compound 8-phenylazoguanosine (8PAG), a new type of photochromic nucleobase (PCN) that can be photoisomerized by visible light irradiation, was developed. 8PAG shows rapid and efficient reversible cis–trans isomerization and can be iteratively isomerized by alternate irradiation with 420 and 550 nm without photolysis.
The Safety Bias: Risk-Avoidance and Social Anxiety Pathology
Authors: Lorian Carolyn N. , Grisham Jessica R. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackground:The pervasive tendency to avoid perceived risks has been recently implicated in the maintenance of anxiety pathology, and more specifically, social phobia. Social anxiety symptoms are thus hypothesised to be associated with a global risk-avoidant decision-making bias.Aim:This study investigated: (1) the relationship between risk-avoidance and social anxiety symptoms using both self-report and behavioural measures of risk-taking; and (2) whether risk-avoidance mediates the relationship between a dispositional vulnerability to anxiety (Behavioural Inhibition System [BIS] sensitivity) and social anxiety symptoms.Method:Fifty-five undergraduate students completed self-report measures assessing for social anxiety symptoms, risk-taking across various domains, and BIS sensitivity. Risk-avoidance was also assessed using a behavioural computer task.Results:As hypothesised, risk-avoidance correlated significantly with both social anxiety and BIS. Multiple regression analyses revealed that risk-avoidance served as a partial mediator between BIS and social anxiety.Conclusion:These results confirm the hypothesised relationship between BIS, risk-avoidance, and social anxiety symptoms. Risk-avoidance is one possible mechanism by which personality characteristics may be linked to anxiety pathology.
Teachers' Causal Attributions for Behaviour Problems and Perceived Efficacy for Class Management in Relation to Selected Interventions
Authors: Andreou Eleni , Rapti Apostolia 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe general aim of this study was to examine the predictive value of both teachers' causal attributions for behavior problems and perceived efficacy for class management for forms of intervention used in the classroom and cooperations preferred in order to get help for students' problem behaviour. Primary school teachers (N= 249) were asked to rate 12 factors as the possible cause of the behaviour problem described in a vignette, and evaluate 19 statements referring to the intervention strategies they would use, as well as the cooperations they would prefer in order to respond effectively to the problem in the vignette. They also completed an 8-item questionnaire measuring perceived efficacy for class management. The teachers' responses were found to be associated with their teaching experience. Both causal attributions for behaviour problems and perceived efficacy for class management predicted specific interventions. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for future research and teacher education.
A thermodynamic lattice theory on melting curve and eutectic point of binary alloys. Application to fcc and bcc structure
Authors: Hung Nguyen , Tran Dung , Toan Nguyen , Kirchnner Barbara 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
A thermodynamic lattice theory has been developed for determination of the melting curves and eutectic points of binary alloys. Analytical expressions for the melting curves of binary alloys composed of constituent elements with the same structure have been derived from expressions for the ratio of root mean square fluctuation in atomic positions on the equilibrium lattice positions and the nearest neighbor distance. This melting curve provides information on Lindemann’s melting temperatures of binary alloys with respect to any proportion of constituent elements, as well as on their eutectic points. The theory has been applied to fcc and bcc structure. Numerical results for some binary alloys provide a good correspondence between the calculated and experimental phase diagrams, where the calculated results for Cu1−x
Nix agree well with the measured ones, and those for the other alloys are found to be in a reasonable agreement with experiment.
robo-CAMAL: A BDI Motivational Robot
Authors: Davis Darryl , Gwatkin James 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Motivation is a central concept in the development of autonomous agents and robots. This paper describes an architecture that uses a psychological BDI model of reasoning, combined with a distributed multi-level model of motivation. The robot controlling architecture makes use of a generic set of deliberative components plus an environment task-centred set of reactive components that reflect the architecture's embodiment. The architecture has been used in a number of simulated environments and here is used to control a mobile robot. A theoretical framework for motivation and affect is given, and related to the nature of autonomy and embodiment. A BDI model, based on a psychological model of reasoning in a 5 year old child, is described in terms of the nature of motivation and affect within the architecture. Finally, criteria for judging the nature of an agent's motivation are introduced, and used to validate the motivational constructs implemented within the architecture. Experimental results lead to a comparative discussion.
Improving the performance of double-plane stereo vision system calibration, using a virtual plane
Authors: Rotter Paweł , Byrski Witold , Dajda Michał , Łojek Grzegorz 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
In the double-plane method for stereo vision system calibration, the correspondence between screen coordinates and location in 3D space is calculated based on four plane-to-plane transformations; there are two planes of the calibration pattern and two cameras. The method is intuitive, and easy to implement, but, the main disadvantage is ill-conditioning for some spatial locations. In this paper we propose a method which exploits the third plane which physically does not belong to the calibration pattern, but can be calculated from the set of reference points. Our algorithm uses a combination of three calibration planes, with weights which depend on screen coordinates of the point of interest; a pair of planes which could cause numerical errors receives small weights and have practically no influence on the final results. We analyse errors, and their distribution in 3D space, for the basic and the improved algorithm. Experiments demonstrate high accuracy and reliability of our method compared to the basic version; root mean square error and maximum error, are reduced by factors of 4 and 20 respectively.
High and Low Contrast Visual Acuity After Artiflex Phakic Intraocular Lens Implantation for the Correction of Myopia
Authors: van Philips Lucien A.M. 
Published: August 2010

Purpose:
To determine the effects of Artiflex phakic intraocular lens (PIOL) implantation on best spectacle-corrected high and low contrast visual acuity under photopic and mesopic conditions.

Methods:
Forty-two consecutive eyes had implantation of a foldable iris-supported PIOL to correct myopia. The mean preoperative spherical equivalent refraction was −7.26±1.91 diopters (D) (range: −4.90 to −13.60 D). The high (100%) and low (2.5%) contrast visual acuity with best spectacle correction was tested with translucent logarithmic visual acuity charts (Precision Vision) under photopic and mesopic conditions.

Results:

At mean 7.6±5.4 months after PIOL implantation, the mean high and low contrast visual acuity under photopic and mesopic conditions had significantly increased from preoperatively: photopic high contrast visual acuity from −0.07±0.11 logMAR to −0.14±0.08 logMAR (
P
<.001); photopic low contrast visual acuity from 0.48±0.14 logMAR to 0.36±0.11 logMAR (
P
=.011); mesopic high contrast visual acuity from −0.09±0.09 logMAR to −0.16±0.08 logMAR (
P
<.001); and mesopic low contrast visual acuity from 0.50±0.13 logMAR to 0.33±0.10 logMAR (
P
<.001). Mean postoperative spherical equivalent refraction was −0.21±0.28 D (range: +0.50 to −0.75 D). Of all eyes, 91.9% were within 0.50 D of attempted correction, and 67% gained 1 or more lines of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA). No eye lost 2 or more lines of BSCVA.

Conclusions:
Artiflex PIOL implantation for the correction of moderate to high myopia seems to be a safe and predictable procedure, which resulted in increased high and low contrast visual acuity under photopic and mesopic conditions.
Breast Cancer Risk After Bariatric Surgery and Influence of Insulin Levels
Authors: Kristensson Felipe M. , Andersson-Assarsson Johanna C. , Peltonen Markku , Jacobson Peter , Ahlin Sofie , Svensson Per-Arne , Sjöholm Kajsa , Carlsson Lena M. S. , Taube Magdalena 
Published: May 2024

ImportanceObesity and insulin are risk factors for breast cancer, and retrospective studies suggest bariatric surgery reduces breast cancer risk in women. However, long-term prospective data on breast cancer risk after bariatric surgery and the role of baseline insulin levels are lacking.ObjectiveTo examine if bariatric surgery is associated with breast cancer incidence in women and if treatment benefit is modified by baseline insulin levels.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThe Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) study was a nonrandomized intervention trial designed to investigate the long-term effects of bariatric surgery on obesity-related mortality and morbidity. Study recruitment took place between 1987 and 2001, and median (IQR) follow-up time was 23.9 years (20.1-27.1) years. The study was conducted at 25 public surgical departments and 480 primary health care centers in Sweden and included 2867 women aged 37 to 60 years and with body mass index 38 or greater (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared).InterventionIn the surgery group (n = 1420), 260 women underwent gastric banding, 970 vertical banded gastroplasty, and 190 gastric bypass. The remaining contemporaneously matched control individuals (n = 1447) received usual obesity care.Main Outcome and MeasuresBreast cancer, the main outcome of this secondary report, was not a predefined outcome in the SOS study. Breast cancer events were identified in the Swedish National Cancer Registry.ResultsThe study population comprised 2867 women with a mean (SD) age of 48.0 (6.2) years. During follow-up, there were 154 breast cancer events, 66 in the surgery group and 88 in the usual care group, and a decreased risk of breast cancer was observed in the bariatric surgery group (hazard ratio [HR], 0.68; 95% CI, 0.49–0.94; P = .019; adjusted HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.52-1.01; P = .06). The surgical treatment benefit on breast cancer risk was greater in women with baseline insulin levels above the median 15.8 μIU/L (HR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.31-0.74; P = .001; adjusted HR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.35-0.86; P = .008) compared to those below (HR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.59-1.53; P = .84; adjusted HR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.61-1.66; P = .97; interaction P = .02).Conclusions and RelevanceThis prospective clinical trial indicated a reduced risk of breast cancer after bariatric surgery in women with obesity. The surgical treatment benefit was predominantly seen in women with hyperinsulinemia.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01479452
High‐Pressure Synthesis of Ultra‐Incompressible, Hard and Superconducting Tungsten Nitrides
Authors: Liang Akun , Osmond Israel , Krach Georg , Shi Lan‐Ting , Brüning Lukas , Ranieri Umbertoluca , Spender James , Tasnadi Ferenc , Massani Bernhard , Stevens Callum R. , McWilliams Ryan Stewart , Bright Eleanor Lawrence , Giordano Nico , Gallego‐Parra Samuel , Yin Yuqing , Aslandukov Andrey , Akbar Fariia Iasmin , Gregoryanz Eugene , Huxley Andrew , Peña‐Alvarez Miriam , Si Jian‐Guo , Schnick Wolfgang , Bykov Maxim , Trybel Florian , Laniel Dominique 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTransition metal nitrides, particularly those of 5d metals, are known for their outstanding properties, often relevant for industrial applications. Among these metal elements, tungsten is especially attractive given its low cost. In this high‐pressure investigation of the W–N system, two novel ultra‐incompressible tungsten nitride superconductors, namely W2N3 and W3N5, are successfully synthesized at 35 and 56 GPa, respectively, through a direct reaction between N2 and W in laser‐heated diamond anvil cells. Their crystal structure is determined using synchrotron single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. While the W2N3 solid's sole constituting nitrogen species are N3‐ units, W3N5 features both discrete N3‐ as well as N24‐ pernitride anions. The bulk modulus of W2N3 and W3N5 is experimentally determined to be 380(3) and 406(7) GPa, and their ultra‐incompressible behavior is rationalized by their constituting WN7 polyhedra and their linkages. Importantly, both W2N3 and W3N5 are recoverable to ambient conditions and stable in air. Density functional theory calculations reveal W2N3 and W3N5 to have a Vickers hardness of 30 and 34 GPa, and superconducting transition temperatures at ambient pressure (50 GPa) of 11.6 K (9.8 K) and 9.4 K (7.2 K), respectively. Additionally, transport measurements performed at 50 GPa on W2N3 corroborate with the calculations.
Emerging Thermochromic Perovskite Materials: Insights into Fundamentals, Recent Advances and Applications
Authors: Liu Yiming , Lv Wenxuan , Feng Jizhe , Tian Junwei , Wang Ping , Xu Ligang , Long Yi , Yao Lin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThermochromic perovskite materials exhibit reversible color changes in response to external thermal stimuli. Recently recognized as promising candidates, significant efforts are dedicated to developing these materials with tunable properties, rapid response, and effective light modulation. This review demonstrates recent advances in fabrication methods, mechanism investigation, solar modulation performance, and diverse applications of perovskite thermochromic materials. Thin films and single crystals are addressed separately, with a focus on achieving high‐quality and stable thermochromic perovskite materials across different dimensional architectures. Furthermore, the article outlines current challenges and provides forward‐looking perspectives, aiming to foster future innovative research and widespread application in smart windows, switchable photovoltaic devices, photo/thermal detectors, and anti‐counterfeiting technologies.
Structure‐Foldable and Performance‐Tailorable PI Paper‐Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators Processed and Controlled by Laser‐Induced Graphene
Authors: Yang Weixiong , Han Mingguang , Liu Fu , Wang Dan , Gao Yan , Wang Guantao , Ding Xilun , Luo Sida 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLaser‐induced graphene (LIG) technology has provided a new manufacturing strategy for the rapid and scalable assembling of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG). However, current LIG‐based TENG commonly rely on polymer films, e.g., polyimide (PI) as both friction material and carbon precursor of electrodes, which limit the structural diversity and performance escalation due to its incapability of folding and creasing. Using specialized PI paper composed of randomly distributed PI fibers to substantially enhance its foldability, this work creates a new type of TENG, which are structurally foldable and stackable, and performance tailorable. First, by systematically investigating the laser power‐regulated performance of single‐unit TENG, the open‐circuit voltage can be effectively improved. By further exploiting the folding process, multiple TENG units can be assembled together to form multi‐layered structures to continuously expand the open‐circuit voltage from 5.3 to 34.4 V cm−2, as the increase of friction units from 1 to 16. Last, by fully utilizing the unique structure and performance, representative energy‐harvesting and smart‐sensing applications are demonstrated, including a smart shoe to recognize running motions and power LEDs, a smart leaf to power a thermometer by wind, a matrix sensor to recognize writing trajectories, as well as a smart glove to recognize different objects.