bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Between Gender-affirming Hormone Therapy and Measures of Glucose Metabolism: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Anike Olivia , Zhang Qi , Bhasin Shalender , Flanders W Dana , Getahun Darios , Haw J Sonya , Huybrechts Krista F , Lash Timothy L , McCracken Courtney E , Roblin Douglas , Silverberg Michael J , Suglia Shakira F , Tangpricha Vin , Vupputuri Suma , Goodman Michael 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Context
The long-term effect of gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) on glucose metabolism is an area of priority in transgender health research.

Objectives
To evaluate the relation between GAHT and changes in fasting blood glucose (FG) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in transmasculine (TM) and transfeminine (TF) persons relative to the corresponding temporal changes in presumably cisgender persons (ie, without any evidence of gender diversity).

Design
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting
Three large integrated health systems.

Participants
A total of 2148 TF and 1679 TM persons compared with 28 036 cisgender males and 32 548 cisgender females enrolled in the same health plans.

Outcomes/measures
Temporal changes in FG and HbA1c levels examined using linear mixed models with main results expressed as ratios-of-ratios.

Results
The pre- vs post-GAHT ratios-of-ratio (95% CI) estimates adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, study site, and body mass index in the model comparing TF and cisgender males groups were 1.05 (1.01-1.09) for FG and 1.03 (0.99-1.06) for HbA1c. By contrast, the corresponding results in the models contrasting TM and cisgender cohort members were in the 0.99 to 1.00 range. The ratio-of-ratios comparing post-GAHT changes among transgender and cisgender persons were close to the null and without a discernable pattern.

Conclusion
Though the within-transgender cohort data suggest an increase in the levels of FG and HbA1c following feminizing GAHT initiation, these changes were no longer evident when compared with the corresponding changes in cisgender referents. Based on these results, clinically important effects of GAHT on routine laboratory markers of glucose metabolism appear unlikely.
Therapeutic Strategies Against Metabolic Imbalance in a Male Mouse Model With 5-HT2CR Loss-of-Function
Authors: Liu Hailan , Liu Zhaoxun , Wong HueyXian Kelly , Xu Nathan , Liu Qingzhuo , Li Yongxiang , Liu Yao , Wong HueyZhong , Burt Megan E , Jossy Sanika V , Han Junying , He Yang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The serotonin 2C receptor (5-HT2CR)-melanocortin pathway plays well-established roles in the regulation of feeding behavior and body weight homeostasis. Dysfunctions in this system, such as loss-of-function mutations in the Htr2c gene, can lead to hyperphagia and obesity. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential therapeutic strategies for ameliorating hyperphagia, hyperglycemia, and obesity associated with a loss-of-function mutation in the Htr2c gene (Htr2cF327L/Y). We demonstrated that reexpressing functional 5-HT2CR solely in hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons is sufficient to reduce food intake and body weight in Htr2cF327L/Y mice subjected to a high-fat diet (HFD). In addition, 5-HT2CR expression restores the responsiveness of POMC neurons to lorcaserin, a selective agonist for 5-HT2CR. Similarly, administration of melanotan II, an agonist of the melanocortin receptor 4 (MC4R), effectively suppresses feeding and weight gain in Htr2cF327L/Y mice. Strikingly, promoting wheel-running activity in Htr2cF327L/Y mice results in a decrease in HFD consumption and improved glucose homeostasis. Together, our findings underscore the crucial role of the melanocortin system in alleviating hyperphagia and obesity related to dysfunctions of the 5-HT2CR, and further suggest that MC4R agonists and lifestyle interventions might hold promise in counteracting hyperphagia, hyperglycemia, and obesity in individuals carrying rare variants of the Htr2c gene.
A Cold Breath of Wind: The Storm as Archipelagic Epistemology in the Horn of Africa
Authors: McFaul Kelsey 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The Horn of Africa, located on the western edge of the Indian Ocean, is a zone of extreme weather. Often figuring within discourses of geopolitical fragmentation and environmental disaster, the Horn is also home to rich literary traditions that bear witness to its long history as a site of cultural exchange and imperial ambition. This article presents a close reading of Igabia Scego's Italian-language novel Adua (2015), arguing that a localized iteration of the Indian Ocean monsoon, the rainstorm, organizes the novel's narrative, structure, and epistemology. This “storm form” embedded in the novel is a mode of archipelagic thinking that indexes situated African environmental epistemes and the climatological and embodied effects of empire while dispelling reductive or romanticized representations. As an alternate mode of organizing spatiotemporal relations and a method of inquiry into them, the storm is a situated Horn of Africa contribution to the theorization of the Indian Ocean as monsoonal archipelago.
Natasha Soobramanien's Aesthetic of Archipelagic Memory: A Literary Methodology of Political Solidarity
Authors: Beunel-Fogarty Rosa M. C. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In May 2022 the novel Diego Garcia, coauthored by Natasha Soobramanien and Luke Williams, was published, to immediate critical acclaim. As its title suggests, the text reflects on the violent history of the annexation of the Chagos archipelago. However, the novel's aim is not simply to raise awareness on this issue but also to engage in an in-depth consideration on how to care for and write about other people's political struggles. Indeed, in Diego Garcia, literary experimentations actively express the text's political concerns and reflections on solidarity. This article argues that some of the clues for understanding Diego Garcia's aesthetic innovations as a methodology for social justice can be found in Soobramanien's debut novel, Genie and Paul (2012), a postcolonial rewriting of Jacques-Henri Bernardin de Saint-Pierre's famous novel Paul et Virginie (1789). The two novels share a profound interest in denouncing inequality as a consequence of capitalism and colonialisation, and importantly also share a geographical location within the Mascarene archipelago. The article turns to the archipelagic thought and its Glissantian filiation to explicate these correspondences and develop the concept of archipelagic memory as a reading methodology for grasping together both the texts’ political intentions and aesthetic innovations. In doing so, it argues that archipelagic memory is an aesthetic of memorialization, which cultivates equality by drawing connections between local events and global systems, and demonstrates that the text's considerations of Indian Ocean geopolitics illuminate the archipelago's potential as a methodology of political solidarity.
The Effect of Dispersion on the Informativeness of Consensus Analyst Target Prices
Authors: Palley Asa B. , Steffen Thomas D. , Zhang X. Frank 
Published: May 2024

Consensus analyst target prices are widely available online at no cost to investors. In this paper, we examine how the amount of dispersion in the individual target prices comprising the consensus affects the predictive association between the consensus target price and future returns. We find that returns implied by consensus target prices and realized future returns are positively correlated when dispersion is low, but they become highly negatively correlated when dispersion is high. Further analyses suggest that the differing effect of dispersion stems from incentive-driven staleness in price targets by some analysts after bad news. As a stock performs poorly and some analysts are slow to update their target prices, dispersion increases, and the consensus target price becomes too high. This has important implications for how consensus analyst target prices should inform investment decisions. We show that a hedge strategy taking a long (short) position in stocks with the highest predicted returns among stocks with the lowest (highest) dispersion earns more than 11% annually. Finally, we show that the negative correlation between consensus-based predicted returns and future realized returns for high-dispersion stocks exists mainly for stocks with high retail interest, suggesting that unsophisticated investors are misled by inflated target prices that are available freely online. This paper was accepted by Suraj Srinivasan, accounting. Funding: The authors acknowledge financial support from Indiana University and Yale University. Supplemental Material: The data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.03549 .
The International Commonality of Idiosyncratic Variances
Authors: Bekaert Geert , Wang Xue , Zhang Xiaoyan 
Published: May 2024

We document strong global commonality in country idiosyncratic return variances across 23 developed markets, which is stronger than international return commonality. The global common factor of idiosyncratic return variances is highly correlated with that of idiosyncratic cash flow variances and is also significantly related to variables capturing aggregate discount rate variation and the conditional market variance. Furthermore, aggregate idiosyncratic return and cash flow variances are mostly but not always countercyclical. This paper was accepted by Kay Giesecke, finance. Funding: X. Zhang acknowledges financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 72350710220] and the Beijing Natural Science Foundation [Grant IS23127]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.01398 .
Working Around the Clock: Temporal Distance, Intrafirm Communication, and Time Shifting of the Employee Workday
Authors: Chauvin Jasmina , Choudhury Prithwiraj , Fang Tommy Pan 
Published: May 2024

This paper examines the effects of temporal distance generated by time zone separation on communication in geographically distributed organizations. We build on prior research, which highlights time zone separation as a significant challenge, but argue that employees may time shift—move work-related communication to outside of regular business hours—to counteract temporal distance. We propose a theory in which employees’ tendency to time shift depends on the demands of their tasks and collaborative relationships and individuals’ ability to supply work outside of regular business hours. Analyzing communication-level data from 12,038 employees of a large multinational firm and using cities’ shifts to/from daylight saving time for identification, we find that temporal distance leads to sizable but smaller than expected reductions in volumes of rich, synchronous communication between employees. Consistent with our arguments, increased temporal distance significantly increases time shifting of work-related communication, especially among workers whose jobs are nonroutine and interactions in strong collaborative relationships. We further document that female employees and employees based in countries with stricter legal work hour limits engage in significantly less time-shifted communication. Our study improves understanding of a ubiquitous source of collaboration friction. It also sheds light on a potential source of inequities in workplace outcomes stemming from differences in individuals’ ability to work outside of regular business hours. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2023.17558 .
Design of a temperature sensor based on a valley photonic crystal Mach–Zehnder interferometer
Authors: Bai Jie , Fei Hongming , Lin Han , Wang Ying , Zhang Mingda , Liu Xin , Cao Binzhao , Tian Yuan , Xiao Liantuan 
Published: May 2024

With the development of photonics device integration technology, Mach–Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) are widely applied as sensors because they are extremely sensitive to environmental parameters. Conventional MZI sensors are generally large and unsuitable for high-density integration. MZIs based on photonic crystals (PCs) can significantly improve compactness and are suitable for integration. However, PC MZIs experience substantial optical loss due to scattering. Based on the spin-valley locking effect that can achieve defect-immune unidirectional transmission of topological edge states in valley photonic crystals (VPCs), we propose an MZI sensor based on a VPC structure and apply it in temperature sensing for what we believe is the first time. The interference peaks redshift with an increase in the temperature, which allows accurate sensing of the temperature shift with a high sensitivity of 0.06 nm/K in the temperature range of 100 K–750 K. The ultracompact device has a small footprint of 9.26×7.99µm2 and a high forward transmittance of 0.88. The design is suitable for the current complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) fabrication technique. Thus, it will find broad applications in integrated photonics, optical communication, and integrated temperature sensing.
Experimental neodymium-doped microlaser with theoretical analysis of the thermo-optic effect
Authors: Fan Huibo , Chen Xinrui , Fan Huili , Wang Arui , Chang Ruijuan 
Published: May 2024

Ultralow-threshold laser emission from a neodymium-doped silica toroidal microcavity is theoretically analyzed and experimentally demonstrated, along with the detailed analysis and compensation of the thermo-optic effect in this microlaser system. The threshold power and slope efficiency of microlaser emission are derived based on coupled-mode theory and analytic formulas, associated with the demonstration of their dependence on neodymium ion concentration and the quality factor of the microtoroid. In the experiment, a single-mode laser and multi-mode laser with threshold power as low as 1.6 µW at the wavelength of 1064 nm band are obtained via changing the coupling condition of the cavity-tapered fiber system, resonant pump wavelength, and pump power, respectively. The single-mode laser emission at the 910 nm band is also realized with the threshold power of about 108.5 µW. Furthermore, considering the potential application, non-resonant pumping for the laser emission at the 1064 nm band is characterized with threshold power of 137 µW due to the influence of the thermo-optic effect and low slope efficiency of non-resonant pumping. By coating UV-glue with a negative thermo-optic coefficient on the microtoroid surface, the compensation of the thermo-optic effect of the microtoroid is analyzed theoretically, which on the other hand can also be used for the potential application of high-sensitivity temperature sensing with sensitivity of −0.138nm/∘C.
Understanding how neglected tropical diseases programs in five Asia-Pacific countries adjusted to the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study
Authors: Jaworski Alison , Craig Adam T. , Dyer Clare E. F. , Goncalves Julio , Neuendorf Nalisa , Newland Jamee , Kelly-Hanku Angela , Pomat William , MacLaren David , Vaz Nery Susana 
Published: May 2024

Background
Following the COVID-19 pandemic declaration, the World Health Organization recommended suspending neglected tropical diseases (NTD) control activities as part of sweeping strategies to minimise COVID-19 transmission. Understanding how NTD programs were impacted and resumed operations will inform contingency planning for future emergencies. This is the first study that documents how South-East Asian and Pacific NTD programs addressed challenges experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methodology/Principal findings
Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with 11 NTD Program Coordinators and related personnel from Fiji, Papua New Guinea, The Philippines, Timor-Leste, and Vanuatu. Constructivist grounded theory methods were drawn on to generate an explanation of factors that enabled or hindered NTD program operations during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted NTD programs in all countries. Some programs implemented novel strategies by partnering with services deemed essential or used new communications technology to continue (albeit scaled-back) NTD activities. Strong relationships to initiate cross-program integration, sufficient resources to implement adapted activities, and dedicated administrative systems were key enabling factors for recommencement. As the COVID-19 pandemic continued, exacerbating health resources scarcity, programs faced funding shortages and participants needed to find efficiencies through greater integration and activity prioritisation within their NTD units. Emphasising community-led approaches to restore trust and engagement was critical after widespread social anxiety and disconnection.

Conclusions/Significance
Sustaining effective NTD programs during a global emergency goes beyond managing immediate activity disruptions and requires attention to how NTD programs can be better ensconced within wider health programs, administrative, and social systems. This study underscores the importance of pre-emergency planning that reinforces NTD control programs as a critical service at all health systems levels, accompanied by governance arrangements that increase NTD staff control over their operations and strategies to maintain strong community relationships. Ensuring NTD units are supported via appropriate funding, personnel, and bureaucratic resources is also required.
Attitudes of women towards intimate partner violence in Guyana: A cross-sectional analytical study
Authors: Joseph Gary , Vidaletti Luis Paulo , Husbands Cona , Edwards Lisa , James Michelle K. , Branas Charles C. , Morrison Christopher N. 
Published: May 2024

Background
To assess the attitudes of women towards intimate partner violence (IPV) in Guyana.

Methods
We used national data from the publicly available Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) conducted in Guyana in 2019 for women aged 15 to 49 years. The prevalence of women who agreed that a husband is justified in beating his wife was analyzed. Respondent reasons included if she: “goes out without telling him”, “neglects the children”, “argues with him”, “refuses sex with him”, “burns the food”, “has another partner”, “stays out late/partying”, “refuses to cook or clean”, “overspends”, and/or “he doesn’t have access to her cellphone”. Descriptive analyses were carried for all the variables. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with these 10 respondent reasons, separately and in combination.

Results
The overall prevalence of women’s attitudes justifying IPV against women if there was a ‘yes’ response to any of the 10 reasons was 17.9% (95%CI: 16.6–19.3%), and varied from 2.7% if she “goes out without telling him”, “burns the food”, or “overspends” to 10.0% if she “has another partner”. This prevalence ranged from 10.2% in urban areas to 19.3% in rural areas (p<0.001), and from 16.1% in coastal to 30.1% in interior areas (p<0.001). Similarly, 25.9% of women from the poorest household agreed that a husband has the right in beating his wife for any of the 10 reasons compared to 11.6% of the richest women (11.6%) (p<0.001). Rural place of residence, ethnicity, geographic region, level of education, wealth quintile, ever used of a computer, and frequency of listening to the radio were significant factors associated with women’s attitudes justifying IPV against women (p<0.05).

Conclusion
Over one-sixth of the respondents agreed that a husband was justified in committing IPV against women in Guyana. Public health programs focusing on geographic locations, ethnicity, and economic status must be implemented to change attitudes justifying IPV and reduce this significant public health challenge.
Insights into the effects of Friedreich ataxia on the left ventricle using T1 mapping and late gadolinium enhancement
Authors: Peverill Roger E. , Lin Kimberly Y. , Fogel Mark A. , Cheung Michael M. H. , Moir W. Stuart , Corben Louise A. , Cahoon Glenn , Delatycki Martin B. 
Published: May 2024

Background
The left ventricular (LV) changes which occur in Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) are incompletely understood.

Methods
Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging was performed using a 1.5T scanner in subjects with FRDA who are homozygous for an expansion of an intron 1 GAA repeat in the FXN gene. Standard measurements were performed of LV mass (LVM), LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) and LV ejection fraction (LVEF). Native T1 relaxation time and the extracellular volume fraction (ECV) were utilised as markers of left ventricular (LV) diffuse myocardial fibrosis and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) was utilised as a marker of LV replacement fibrosis. FRDA genetic severity was assessed using the shorter FXN GAA repeat length (GAA1).

Results
There were 93 subjects with FRDA (63 adults, 30 children, 54% males), 9 of whom had a reduced LVEF (<55%). A LVEDV below the normal range was present in 39%, a LVM above the normal range in 22%, and an increased LVM/LVEDV ratio in 89% subjects. In adults with a normal LVEF, there was an independent positive correlation of LVM with GAA1, and a negative correlation with age, but no similar relationships were seen in children. GAA1 was positively correlated with native T1 time in both adults and children, and with ECV in adults, all these associations independent of LVM and LVEDV. LGE was present in 21% of subjects, including both adults and children, and subjects with and without a reduced LVEF. None of GAA1, LVM or LVEDV were predictors of LGE.

Conclusion
An association between diffuse interstitial LV myocardial fibrosis and genetic severity in FRDA was present independently of FRDA-related LV structural changes. Localised replacement fibrosis was found in a minority of subjects with FRDA and was not associated with LV structural change or FRDA genetic severity in subjects with a normal LVEF.
Assessing hypoxic respiratory failure in mechanically ventilated neonates: A comparative study of oxygen saturation index and oxygenation index
Authors: Bui-Binh-Bao Son , Nguyen Thi Dao , Hoang Mai Linh , Do Ho Tinh Tam , Nguyen Thi Thanh Binh 
Published: May 2024

Objective
To investigate the correlation between oxygen saturation index (OSI) and oxygenation index (OI) for evaluating the blood oxygenation status in neonates with respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation support and to assess the predictive capability of OSI in determining clinically relevant OI cutoffs.

Methods
A prospective study was conducted on neonates who received invasive mechanical ventilation at the neonatal intensive care unit of tertiary hospital in Vietnam. Bland-Altman analysis was utilized to evaluate the agreement between OSI and OI.

Results
A total of 123 neonates, including both term and preterm infants, were included in the study. A high agreement rate of 94.3% within the 95% limits of agreement (between OI and OSI), with a narrow similarity value of 3.3 (95% CI: -5.1 to 11.8) and high correlation coefficient (r = 0.791, p<0.001) was observed. The OSI cut-off value for predicting an OI of >15 was determined to be 7.45, with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 87.4% (AUC 0.955; 95% CI: 0.922–0.989, p < 0.05). Similarly, an OSI cutoff value of 9.9 corresponded to an OI of 25, displaying a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 87.4% (AUC 0.92). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for OSI exhibited statistically significant results (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
The findings demonstrate a strong correlation between OSI and OI in neonates with respiratory failure. Furthermore, OSI, as a non-invasive method, can serve as a substitute for OI to evaluate the severity of hypoxic respiratory failure and lung injury in neonates.