bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First Trimester Ultrasound Screening: An Update
Authors: Sonek JD , Glover M , Zhou M , Nicolaides KH 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
For many years, the main use of ultrasound in the first trimester of pregnancy was to confirm viability and to establish gestational age. Indeed, the crown-rump length measurement in the first trimester remains the most accurate method to estimate the gestational age even today. However, improvements in ultrasound equipment and improvement in our understanding of normal and abnormal fetal development allows us now to perform a much more complete first trimester fetal evaluation. This pertains not only to the diagnosis of fetal anomalies but also to screening for fetal defects. The combination of the nuchal translucency measurement and maternal serum biochemistries (free β-hCG and PAPP-A) has been shown to be an extremely efficient way to screen for fetal aneuploidy. The addition of other first trimester markers such as the nasal bone evaluation, frontomaxillary facial angle measurement, and Doppler evaluation of blood flow across the tricuspid valve and through the ductus venosus improves the screening performance even further by increasing the detection rates and decreasing the false positive rates. Several of the first trimester markers also are useful in screening for cardiac defects. Furthermore, significant nuchal translucency thickening has been associated with a variety of genetic and nongenetic syndromes. A recently described first trimester marker called the intracerebral translucency appears to hold great promise in screening for open spine defects. Finally, it appears that a first trimester evaluation (uterine artery Doppler and the measurement of certain biochemical markers in the maternal serum) significantly improves the assessment of the risk of preeclampsia.
2D and 3D Ultrasound Prediction of Homozygous α0-Thalassemia
Authors: Leung KY , Cheong KB , Tang MHY 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Conventionally, prenatal diagnosis is achieved by an invasive procedure followed by DNA analysis or hematological study. With experienced hand and a good ultrasound machine, a noninvasive approach consisting of serial two-dimensional ultrasound examinations of cardiothoracic ratio and placenta thickness can effectively reduce the need for invasive testing in the majority of unaffected pregnancies. Although middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity (MCAPSV) is a well-established sonographic marker for predicting fetal anemia due to Rhesus isoimmunization, it is not clear whether MCAPSV is useful in the prediction of affected pregnancies. Preliminary studies have been performed to investigate the use of 3D ultrasound in the prediction of pregnancies affected by homozygous α0-thalassemia. It seems that 3D is not superior to 2D ultrasound prediction of affected pregnancies.
Magnetic Resonance-guided Focused Ultrasound (MRgFUS) Treatment of Uterine Fibroid
Authors: Chan John KF 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) is a new treatment modality in treating uterine fibroid. It is noninvasive and can be done as out-patient procedure. It is the least invasive treatment option other than medical treatment. Early reports have demonstrated feasibility and safety. It is efficacious in symptom improve and fibroid volume reduction. This article reviews the principle, patient selection and treatment. Results from early trial and our center are summarized.
Ultrasound for Women's Pelvic Floor Dysfunction
Authors: Wah Pang Selina Man 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
The advent of ultrasound and more recently three-dimensional ultrasound enables evaluation of functional anatomy of women's pelvic floor disorders. The observations in women's pelvic floor ultrasound showed that it is a promising modality not only in research but also clinical applications for the management of women's pelvic floor disorders in the future.
Role of Laparoscopic Ultrasound for Gynecological Malignancy
Authors: Yim So-fan , Cheung Tak-hong 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Laparoscopic ultrasound is initially developed to facilitate surgery for hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancers. With the advancement of laparoscopic surgery, laparoscopic ultrasound has been incorporated into laparoscopic surgery in order to combat against the limitation of laparoscopic surgery. In the management of gynecological malignancy, its role is mainly on the assessment of lymph nodes.
Prenatal Diagnosis of Morbidly Adherent Placenta with 2D Ultrasonography, 3D Color Power Doppler and Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Obaidly Sawsan Al 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
The incidence of placenta accreta/percreta should rise steadily over the next century as the frequency of cesarean sections and advanced maternal age, both independent risk factors, increases. Patients who are at risk should be identified. The diagnosis of placenta previa accreta/percreta is possible by using gray-scale sonography, conventional color Doppler imaging and MRI through studying the relation of placenta to the uterine wall and nearby pelvic structures.
The potentially new modality of 3D and 3D color power Doppler ultrasound has it's value as a tool to achieve significantly increased diagnostic accuracy in the prediction of massive hemorrhage by assessing the extent, location and quantification of abnormal uteroplacental neovascularization. Hence, 3D ultrasound has the potential for providing additional information over conventional 2D ultrasound studies in the diagnosis of placenta previa percreta.
The diagnosis and anticipation of the problem achieve the best results for the obstetrician and the patient.
Development of 3D Ultrasound
Authors: Baba Kazunori 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Significant advances have been made in recent years in clinical application of 3D sonography in both obstetrics and gynecology. Since the author pioneered the use of 3D sonography many new clinical useful techniques have been used for better visualization of early human development and for the diagnostics of many gynecological problems as well as the use of 3D in management of female infertility. In this review we are describing further development in 3D ultrasound, which should be of general interest of readers of this journal.
Ultrasound and Doppler Management of Intrauterine Growth Restriction
Authors: Figueras Francesc , Meler Eva , Carrera José M 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Review of present knowledge about fetal growth, and clinical and ultrasonography diagnosis of Intrauterine growth restriction by means of 2D and 3D. The review included the diagnosis of type of IUGR and the study of fetal deterioration (Chronic Tests and Acute Markers). Also the obstetrics management.
A Novel Polyaniline‐Silver Nitrate‐p‐Toluenesulfonic Acid Salt as Recyclable Catalyst in the Stereoselective Synthesis of β‐Amino Ketones: “One‐Pot” Synthesis in Water Medium
Authors: Palaniappan Srinivasan , Rajender Boddula 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA novel, efficient and easily synthesizable catalyst, an emeraldine form of a polyaniline salt containing the dual dopants, silver nitrate and p‐toluenesulfonic acid (PANI‐AgNO3‐PTSA), was successfully demonstrated as a reusable, polymer‐based, solid acid catalyst for the stereoselective synthesis of 100% anti‐β‐amino ketones in excellent yield (96%) with short reaction times (70 min) in aqueous medium at room temperature via the three‐component Mannich reaction of aniline, benzaldehyde and cyclohexanone. This methodology addresses the shortage of synthetic methods for 100% anti‐β‐amino ketones using a recyclable catalyst. The reaction scope was also extended with aromatic aldehydes and aromatic amines. The developed process conforms to the principles of ‘green’ chemistry by the usage of water as medium, and the easily handlable and recyclable nature of the catalyst.
One‐Pot Desilylation/Dimerization of Terminal Alkynes by Ruthenium and Acid‐Promoted (RAP) Catalysis
Authors: Pasquini Chiara , Bassetti Mauro 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe dimerization of terminal arylalkynes promoted by the (p‐cymene)ruthenium dichloride dimer/acetic acid system {[RuCl2(p‐cymene)]2/AcOH} can be performed starting from the trimethylsilylethynyl derivatives (12 substrates), deprotected in situ, to afford 1,4‐disubstituted 1‐en‐3‐ynes with high regio‐ and (E)‐stereoselectivity, at room temperature. The extension of this unprecedented two‐reaction sequence to a diyne substrate affords a fluorene‐based conjugated oligomer. The reaction mixture resulting from the desylilation‐dimerization process dimerizes additional aliquots of phenylacetylene. The one‐pot protocol results in shorter reaction times due to the presence of acetate salts which increase the concentration of active catalytic species, in which the acetate ligand acts as base toward the bound alkyne. The ruthenium source is transformed into a new trihapto‐hexa‐1,3‐dien‐5‐yn‐3‐yl complex, formed by metal‐assisted coupling of the enyne product and the terminal alkyne, and still maintaining catalytic activity. Selectivity, endurance, medium and functional group compatibility are the key features of the catalytic system obtained from the p‐cymene ruthenium dimer under the one‐pot conditions.
Ruthenium‐Catalysed Hydrogenation of Aromatic Ketones using Monodentate Phosphoramidite Ligands
Authors: Stegink Bart , van Boxtel Lonneke , Lefort Laurent , Minnaard Adriaan J. , Feringa Ben L. , de Vries Johannes G. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA ruthenium pre‐catalyst containing two equivalents of the bulky monodentate phosphoramidite 3,3′‐dimethyl‐PipPhos and one equivalent of a chiral diamine such as 1,2‐diphenylethylenediamine or 1,2‐diaminocyclohexane was used for the asymmetric hydrogenation of aromatic ketones. A range of substituted and unsubstituted aryl alkyl ketones was hydrogenated using only 0.1 mol% of this catalyst with full conversions and enantioselectivities up to 97%. The phosphoramidite and diamine ligands matched when both had the same configuration, i.e., S‐phosphoramidite with S,S‐diamine. In that case the product was obtained with high enantioselectivity and the R‐configuration. The mismatched case produced the product in lower ee. The product configuration was determined by the configuration of the diamine ligand. A mechanistic proposal was made.
Regioselective Preparation of Functionalized exo‐Methylene‐ cyclopentanes and exo‐Methylenepyrrolidines via Silaborative Carbocyclization of 1,6‐Enynes
Authors: Gerdin Martin , Nadakudity Sailendra Kumar , Worch Christin , Moberg Christina 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSilaborative carbocyclization of 1,6‐enynes catalyzed by Pd‐PEPPSI‐IPr {PEPPSI=pyridine‐enhanced precatalyst preparation stabilization and initiation; IPr=N,N‐bis[2,6‐(diisopropyl)phenyl]imidazolium} employing either (dimethylphenylsilyl)pinacolborane or (chlorodimethylsilyl)pinacolborane provides access to densely functionalized five‐membered rings as single diastereomers in excellent yields. The vinylboronate functions were employed in palladium‐catalyzed Suzuki cross‐coupling reactions with a range of aryl bromides, containing electron‐withdrawing as well as electron‐donating substituents, furnishing arylated exo‐methylenecyclopentanes or exo‐methylenepyrrolidines in good yields. Subsequent oxidation of the isopropoxydimethylsilyl function generated via addition of (chlorodimethylsilyl)pinacolborane provided access to hydroxymethyl derivatives of the arylated compounds. Use of a chiral ester, bismenthyl (2‐propenyl)(2‐propynyl)malonate, afforded two diastereomeric products which could be separated, thereby giving access to the cyclized compounds as single isomers, with opposite absolute configurations at the newly formed stereocenter.
Aerobic Oxidation of Primary Alcohols Catalyzed by Copper Salts and Catalytically Active μ‐Hydroxyl‐Bridged Trinuclear Copper Intermediate
Authors: Liang Lei , Rao Guodong , Sun Hao‐Ling , Zhang Jun‐Long 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe have developed a new protocol involving the “copper(II) chloride‐cesium carbonate” system for the aerobic oxidation of primary alcohols. Cesium carbonates and the solvents such as toluene and 1,2‐dichloroethane play important roles to form a catalytically active intermediate containing a μ‐hydroxyl‐bridged trinuclear copper moiety (complex 1). From the X‐ray crystal structure of complex 1, an electrostatic interaction between chloride anions and cesium cations was observed, which stimulated us to understand the roles of cesium carbonate in this reaction as a base, stabilizing and “solvating” intermediates in toluene and 1,2‐dichloroethane.
Iridium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Quinoline Derivatives with C3*‐TunePhos
Authors: Gou Fa‐Rong , Li Wei , Zhang Xumu , Liang Yong‐Min 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA series of C3*‐TunePhos chiral diphosphine ligands has been successfully applied in the iridium‐catalyzed enantioselective hydrogenation of quinolines, and this methodology provided an efficient access to a variety of optically active tetrahydroquinolines with up to 93% ee. Furthermore, attempts on the asymmetric hydrogenation of quinoline N‐oxide are also discussed.
Catalytic Asymmetric Bromine‐Lithium Exchange: A New Tool to Build Axial Chirality
Authors: Perron Quentin , Alexakis Alexandre 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe present here the first catalytic desymmetrization of the 2,2′,6,6′‐tetrabromobiphenyl 1 and analogues, by a bromine‐lithium exchange catalyzed by either diamines or diether derivatives (0.5 equiv.), yielding axially chiral compounds in high yield (up to 89%) and high enantioselectivity (up to 82%).
Festkörper‐NMR‐Spektroskopie an komplexen Biomolekülen
Authors: Renault Marie , Cukkemane Abhishek , Baldus Marc 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBiomolekulare Anwendungen der NMR‐Spektroskopie werden oft mit löslichen Molekülen oder Magnetresonanztomographie in Verbindung gebracht. Seit Ende der 70er Jahre liefert darüber hinaus die Festkörper‐NMR‐Spektroskopie (FK‐NMR) auf atomarer Ebene Einblicke in komplexe biomolekulare Systeme von Lipid‐Doppelschichten bis hin zu Biomaterialien. Im letzten Jahrzehnt haben Fortschritte im Bereich der NMR‐Spektroskopie, der Biophysik und der Molekularbiologie das Repertoire der FK‐NMR‐Spektroskopie für biomolekulare Studien erheblich erweitert. Dieser Aufsatz behandelt neueste Ansätze und deren methodische Herausforderungen und diskutiert Fortschritte bei der Anwendung der FK‐NMR‐Spektroskopie im Grenzgebiet von Struktur‐ und Zellbiologie.
Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy on Complex Biomolecules
Authors: Renault Marie , Cukkemane Abhishek , Baldus Marc 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBiomolecular applications of NMR spectroscopy are often merely associated with soluble molecules or magnetic resonance imaging. However, since the late 1970s, solid‐state NMR (ssNMR) spectroscopy has demonstrated its ability to provide atomic‐level insight into complex biomolecular systems ranging from lipid bilayers to complex biomaterials. In the last decade, progress in the areas of NMR spectroscopy, biophysics, and molecular biology have significantly expanded the repertoire of ssNMR spectroscopy for biomolecular studies. This Review discusses current approaches and methodological challenges, and highlights recent progress in using ssNMR spectroscopy at the interface of structural and cellular biology.
Amplification of the Inhibitory Activity and Reversal of the Selectivity of Miglitol by C(2′)‐Monofluorination
Authors: Prell Erik , Korb Claudia , Kluge Ralph , Ströhl Dieter , Csuk René 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSelective monofluorination of the α‐glycosidase inhibitor and antidiabetic agent miglitol at positions C(2′) or C(6) creates competitive inhibitors of glycosidases. Introducing a fluorine substituent at position C(6) results in a reduced binding to the enzyme whereas fluorination at C(2′) produces an inhibitor with an activity four times higher than the parent compound. This compound is selective for the α‐galactosidase from green coffee beans. Its screening against a panel of human cell lines showed a low cytotoxicity, therefore, making this compound an interesting candidate for further clinical investigations.
Last but not least: Additional positional effects on citation and readership in arXiv
Authors: Haque Asif‐ul , Ginsparg Paul 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe continue investigation of the effect of position in announcements of newly received articles, a single day artifact, with citations received over the course of ensuing years. Earlier work focused on the “visibility” effect for positions near the beginnings of announcements, and on the “self‐promotion” effect associated with authors intentionally aiming for these positions, with both found correlated to a later enhanced citation rate. Here we consider a “reverse‐visibility” effect for positions near the ends of announcements, and on a “procrastination” effect associated with submissions made within the 20 minute period just before the daily deadline. For two large subcommunities of theoretical high‐energy physics, we find a clear “reverse‐visibility” effect, in which articles near the ends of the lists receive a boost in both short‐term readership and long‐term citations, almost comparable in size to the “visibility” effect documented earlier. For one of those subcommunities, we find an additional “procrastination” effect, in which last position articles submitted shortly before the deadline have an even higher citation rate than those that land more accidentally in that position. We consider and eliminate geographic effects as responsible for the above, and speculate on other possible causes, including “oblivious” and “nightowl” effects.
Synthesis and Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of a Hierarchical Porous Flowerlike p–n Junction NiO/TiO2 Photocatalyst
Authors: Yu Jiaguo , Wang Wenguang , Cheng Bei 
Published: October 2010

AbstractHierarchical flowerlike β‐Ni(OH)2 superstructures composed of intermeshed nanoflakes are synthesized by hydrothermal treatment with a mixed solution of C2H4(NH2)2, NaOH, and Ni(NO3)2. The as‐prepared β‐Ni(OH)2 superstructures could be easily changed into NiO superstructures without great morphology change by calcination at 400 °C for 5 h. Furthermore, the TiO2 nanoparticles can be homogeneously deposited on the surface of NiO superstructures by dispersing β‐Ni(OH)2 powders in Ti(OC4H9)4–C2H5OH mixed solution and then vaporizing to remove the ethanol at 100 °C, and finally calcination at 400 °C for 5 h. The prepared NiO/TiO2 p–n junction superstructures show much higher photocatalytic activity for photocatalytic degradation of p‐chlorophenol aqueous solution than conventional TiO2 powders and NiO superstructures prepared under the same experimental conditions. An obvious enhancement in the photocatalytic activity can be related to several factors, including formation of hierarchical porous structures, dispersion of TiO2 particles on the surface of NiO superstructures, and production of a p–n junction. Further results show that NiO/TiO2 composite superstructures can be more readily separated from the slurry system by filtration or sedimentation after photocatalytic reaction and re‐used, compared with conventional powder photocatalysts. After many recycling experiments for the photodegradation of p‐chlorophenol, the NiO/TiO2 composite sample does not exhibit any great activity loss, confirming that NiO/TiO2 sample is stable and not photocorroded.
A new stepping design method and its application in chaotic systems
Authors: Wang Hua , Zhu Xiao‐Jin , Han Zheng‐Zhi , Gao Shou‐Wei 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis paper proposes a new stepping design method for a class of nonlinear systems. Based on this technique, system design is simplified greatly because many coupled nonlinear items can be considered as zero items. This method can be applied to a general class of nonlinear systems. Significantly, we have demonstrated this technique in some chaotic systems and have achieved good results. Simulation results for the Genesio chaotic system are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.Copyright © 2010 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Anatomy of the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve in relation to the lateral epicondyle and cephalic vein
Authors: Wongkerdsook Wachara , Agthong Sithiporn , Amarase Chavarin , Yotnuengnit Pattarapol , Huanmanop Thanasil , Chentanez Vilai 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve (LACN) is the terminal sensory branch of the musculocutaneous nerve supplying the lateral aspect of forearm. Because of its close proximity to the biceps brachii tendon (BBT), the lateral epicondyle (LE), and the cephalic vein (CV), surgery and venipuncture in the cubital fossa can injure the LACN. Measurement data regarding the relative anatomy of LACN are scarce. We, therefore, dissected 96 upper extremities from 26 males and 22 females to expose the LACN in the cubital fossa and forearm. The LACN consistently emerged from the lateral margin of BBT. It then pierced the deep fascia distal to the interepicondylar line (IEL) in 84.4% with mean distances of 1.8 ± 1.1 and 1.2 ± 0.9 cm (male and female, respectively). At the level of IEL, the LACN in all cases was medial to the LE (5.9 ± 1.1 cm male and 5.2 ± 0.9 cm female). Two types of branching were observed: single trunk (78.1%) and bifurcation (21.9%). Asymmetry in the branching pattern was observed in 6 males and 1 female. Concerning the relationship to the CV, the LACN ran medially within 1 cm at the level of IEL in 78.7%. Moreover, in 10 specimens, the LACN was directly beneath the CV. In the forearm, the LACN tends to course medial to the CV. Significant differences in the measurement data between genders but not sides were found in some parameters. These data are important for avoiding LACN injury and locating the LACN during relevant medical procedures. Clin. Anat. 24:56–61, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Peripheral facial nerve communications and their clinical implications
Authors: Diamond Mark , Wartmann Christopher T. , Tubbs R. Shane , Shoja Mohammadali M. , Cohen‐Gadol Aaron A. , Loukas Marios 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe facial nerve (CN VII) nerve follows a torturous and complex path from its emergence at the pontomedullary junction to its various destinations. It exhibits a highly variable and complicated branching pattern and forms communications with several other cranial nerves. The facial nerve forms most of these neural intercommunications with branches of all three divisions of the trigeminal nerve (CN V), including branches of the auriculotemporal, buccal, mental, lingual, infraorbital, zygomatic, and ophthalmic nerves. Furthermore, CN VII also communicates with branches of the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII), glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), and vagus nerve (CN X) as well as with branches of the cervical plexus such as the great auricular, greater, and lesser occipital, and transverse cervical nerves. This review intends to explore the many communications between the facial nerve and other nerves along its course from the brainstem to its peripheral branches on the human face. Such connections may have importance during clinical examination and surgical procedures of the facial nerve. Knowledge of the anatomy of these neural connections may be particularly important in facial reconstructive surgery, neck dissection, and various nerve transfer procedures as well as for understanding the pathophysiology of various cranial, skull base, and neck disorders. Clin. Anat. 24:10–18, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.