bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperature Induced Interpenetration Suppression of a Couple of Azo‐based Isomers with a Flexible Second Ligand
Authors: Guo Jinshuang , Xu Gang , Guo Guocong 
Published: April 2012

AbstractTwo new azo‐based coordination compounds with a flexible second ligand, crystal 1 (composed with [Zn(adc)(eda)]n‐1) and crystal 2 (composed with {[Zn(adc)]0.9568(eda)}n‐1′ and {[Zn(adc)]0.0414}n) have been synthesized as a couple of isomers with different reaction temperature. Adc2− and eda represent azobenzene‐4,4′‐dicarboxylic ion and 1,2‐ethanediamine, respectively. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction measurement indicates the interpenetration of the above crystals could be suppressed by simply tuning the reaction temperature, that is, the 5‐fold interpenetration which leads to no free volume left in lower temperature synthesized compound [Zn(adc)(eda)]n‐1 could be reduced to a 4‐fold interpenetration in higher temperature synthesized {[Zn(adc)]0.9568(eda)}n‐1′ which results in free volume accounting for 3.6% (31.6 Å3 per unit cell volume) in crystal 2. The synthesis, crystal structure and fluorescence spectra of crystals 1 and 2 have been discussed, together with the data of elemental analysis and X‐ray powder diffraction.
Solid‐Phase Organic Synthesis of Aryl Vinyl Ethers Using Sulfone‐Linking Strategy
Authors: Yu Lamei , Tang Ni , Sheng Shouri , Chen Rubing , Liu Xiaoling , Cai Mingzhong 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA novel facile solid‐phase organic synthesis of aryl vinyl ethers by reaction of polystyrene‐supported 2‐phenylsulfonylethanol with phenols under Mitsunobu conditions and subsequent elimination reaction with DBU has been developed. The advantages of this method include straightforward operation, good yield and high purity of the products. Alternatively, a typical example of Suzuki coupling reaction on‐resin was further applied to prepare 4‐phenylphenyl vinyl ether for extending this method.
Solvothermal Synthesis and Crystal Structures of Two Manganese Complexes [Mn(II)(acac−)2(4,4′‐bipy)]n (bipy=4,4′‐bipyridine) and [Mn(III)(acac−)3]·4CO(NH2)2
Authors: Cheng Yifeng , Xia Sifeng , Feng Jun , Du Shizhen , An Lan , Lu Xiaoming 
Published: April 2012

AbstractTwo special manganese complexes [Mn(II)(acac−)2(4,4′‐bipy)]n (bipy=4,4′‐bipyridine) (complex 1) and [Mn(III)(acac−)3]·4CO(NH2)2 (acacH=acetylacetone) (complex 2) were synthesized in the same strategy by solvothermal method. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction revealed the complex 1 consists of one‐dimensional infinite coordination chain, with the manganese centers bridged by 4,4′‐bipy. And free carbamides of complex 2 connect with each other through the hydrogen bonds to form a 14‐membered carbamide ring and a zig‐zag plane. Both enantiomers of Mn(III)(acac−)3 exist in the structure, forming a racemate. Furthermore, these enantiomers and those zig‐zag planes are linked with hydrogen bonds to form an unique spatial network.
Asymmetric Double Michael Reaction Catalyzed by Simple Primary Amine Catalysts: A Straightforward Approach to Construct Spirocyclic Oxindoles
Authors: Luo Xiya , Wang Liangliang , Peng Lin , Bai Jianfei , Jia Lina , He Guangyun , Tian Fang , Xu Xiaoying , Wang Lixin 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe enantioselective double Michael reaction of N‐Boc‐3‐nonsubstitued oxindoles with dienones catalyzed by chiral monoimide protected cyclohexane‐1,2‐diamines was developed. A wide range of optically active spirocyclic oxindoles were obtained up to 98% yield and up to 89% ee.
Photoelectrochemical Immunosensor Array Based on Thioglycolic Acid Capped CdS Quantum Dots for Multiplexed Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues
Authors: Xiao Fei , Lai Yanjun , Zhang Ningdan , Bai Jing , Xian Yuezhong , Jin Litong 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA photoelectrochemical immunosensor based on multi‐electrode array was developed for simultaneous and sensitive determination of veterinary drug residues. In this system, poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) (PDDA), Au nanoparticles (Au NPs) and thioglycolic acid (TGA)‐capped CdS quantum dots (QDs) were layer‐by‐layer assembled onto the home‐made Au electrode array. The assembling process of the (CdS/PDDA/Au NPs/PDDA)n multilayer was characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. And then the antibodies for clenbuterol (CB), ractopamine (RAC) and chloramphenicol (CAP) were covalently immobilized onto the Au electrode array by 1‐ethyl‐3‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) coupling reaction, respectively. The concentrations of CB, RAC and CAP were measured based on the photoelectrochemical effects of CdS QDs. Under the optimal conditions, the limits of detection (LOD) for CB, RAC and CAP were 25, 50 and 2.2 pg/mL (3Δ), respectively, with acceptable recovery over the range of 95.40%–105.5% in pig liver samples. All results indicate that the immunosensor array system has potential application for practical, effective and high throughput analysis of veterinary drugs residues.
Soluble and Green‐light‐emitting Oligo(9‐fluorenylideneacetic acid): Electrosynthesis and Characterization
Authors: Lu Baoyang , Chen Shuai , Wang Jiong , Xu Jingkun , Duan Xuemin , Pei Meishan 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA novel semiconducting oligo(9‐fluorenylideneacetic acid) (OFYA) with good redox activity and stability was successfully electrosynthesized by direct anodic oxidation of 9‐fluorenylideneacetic acid (FYA) in CH2Cl2 containing boron trifluoride diethyl etherate (BFEE) as the supporting electrolyte. The as‐formed OFYA film was readily soluble in dimethyl sulfoxide and tetrahydrofuran, and partly soluble in water, alcohol, acetonitrile and acetone. FT‐IR and 1H NMR spectra, together with computational results proved that FYA was probably polymerized through the coupling at C(2) and C(7) positions. Further, OFYA was a typical green light‐emitter with maximal emission at 555 nm and its fluorescence quantum yield was distinctly improved in comparison with that of the monomer. The oligomer was also studied by UV‐vis spectroscopy, MALDL‐TOF mass spectrometry, and thermal analysis, respectively.
Individual neurons in the rat lateral habenular complex project mostly to the dopaminergic ventral tegmental area or to the serotonergic raphe nuclei
Authors: Bernard René , Veh Rüdiger W. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe lateral habenular complex (LHb) is a bilateral epithalamic brain structure involved in the modulation of ascending monoamine systems in response to afferents from limbic regions and basal ganglia. The LHb is implicated in various biological functions, such as reward, sleep–wake cycle, feeding, pain processing, and memory formation. The modulatory role of the LHb is partially assumed by putative spontaneously active LHb neurons projecting to the dopaminergic ventral tegmental area (VTA) and to the serotonergic median (MnR) and dorsal raphe nuclei (DR). All four nuclei form a complex and coordinated network to evoke appropriate responses to reward‐related stimuli. At present it is not known whether individual LHb neurons project to only one or to more than one monoaminergic nucleus. To answer this question, we made dual injections of two different retrograde tracers into the rat VTA and either DR or MnR. Tracers were visualized by immunohistochemistry. In coronal sections, the different retrogradly labeled habenular neurons were quantified and assigned to the corresponding habenular subnuclei. Our results show that 1) the distribution of neurons in the LHb projecting to the three monoamine nuclei is similar and exhibits a great overlap, 2) the vast majority of LHb projection neurons target one monoaminergic nucleus only, and 3) very few, heterogeneously distributed LHb neurons project to both dopaminergic and serotonergic nuclei. These results imply that the LHb forms both separate and interconnected circuits with each monoaminergic nucleus, permitting the LHb to modulate its output to different monoamine systems either independently or jointly. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:2545–2558, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Mechanics of Virtue: Lessons on Public Participation from Implementing the Water Framework Directive in the Netherlands
Authors: van der Heijden Jeroen , ten Heuvelhof Ernst 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTPublic participation is often presented as a virtue (a normative good), but the strategy comes with its own mechanical flaws. Policy debates and the literature have for a long time been dominated by this idea of public participation as a virtue, but recently the literature has become more critical, addressing the instrumental and substantive aspects of public participation. This article engages with and adds to the literature by presenting the use of public participation in implementing the European Water Framework Directive in the Netherlands. The study traces and discusses a number of mechanistic issues related to public participation. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Phosphatidylcholine functional foods and nutraceuticals: A potential approach to prevent non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Duric Maida , Sivanesan Sugas , Bakovic Marica 
Published: April 2012

AbstractNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver condition in the developed world and may progress to more severe forms of disease such as cirrhosis or liver cancer. Thus, steps taken to reduce its prevalence through preventative nutritional approaches such as functional foods and nutraceuticals (FFN) should be pursued. It is well known that certain lipotropic nutrients such as choline and metabolites betaine and phosphatidylcholine (PC; lecithin) could prevent or alleviate fatty liver through a variety of mechanisms, including increased hepatic VLDL secretion. Animal and human studies have demonstrated clear protective effects of choline, betaine and PC for NAFLD as well as possible roles in CVD prevention from epidemiological data. Currently, choline consumption is below dietary recommendations due in large part to a general lack of understanding regarding the importance of this nutrient for human health. As lecithin is commonly added (in small amounts) in many processed foods due to its functional capabilities, it is projected that increasing its abundance in the food supply and increasing consumer education and acceptance of lecithin‐based functional foods and nutraceuticals may represent a progressive step towards preventing liver and whole‐body metabolic pathologies in many areas of the world.
Development of a soup powder enriched with microencapsulated linseed oil as a source of omega‐3 fatty acids
Authors: Rubilar Mónica , Morales Eduardo , Contreras Karla , Ceballos Carolina , Acevedo Francisca , Villarroel Mario , Shene Carolina 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe main objective of this study was to develop an optimized formulation of soup powder enriched with omega‐3 fatty acids. For this purpose, the process conditions for optimizing the microencapsulation efficiency (ME) of linseed oil by spray drying were determined using the Taguchi methodology with an orthogonal array L4(23). The effect of the variables on the ME, such as wall material concentration (25 and 30%), linseed oil concentration (14 and 20%), and wall material type (gum arabic GA; and a mixture maltodextrin/GA), was evaluated. The oxidative stability of the microcapsules obtained were determined by the Rancimat method, and a morphological and size characterization of microcapsules was performed by scanning electronic microscopy, confocal microscopy, and laser diffraction. The optimization of the soup formulation was reached by means of RSM, using the central composite design, two control factors (salty taste and consistency), and 11 design points. The hedonic test was applied to measure the acceptability of the optimized formulation. Chemical characterization of optimized soup and its oxidative stability were also evaluated. This study resulted in a healthy soup enriched with omega‐3 which was highly acceptable to consumers.Practical applications: Linseed oil is a healthy and nutritive oil, very rich in unsaturated fatty acids such as omega‐3. In addition to protecting the oil against oxidative damage, the microencapsulation of oils in a polymeric matrix (mainly polysaccharides and proteins) also offers the possibility of controlled release of the lipophilic functional ingredient and can be useful for the supplementation of foods with PUFA. The soup powder enriched with microencapsulated linseed oil as a source of omega‐3 formulated in this study will contribute to the development of foods according to the functionality requirements of current consumers and markets.
Fish‐meal diet enriched with omega‐3 PUFA and treatment of canine chronic enteropathies
Authors: Ferguson Lynnette R. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWatching to see whether their pet has another explosive episode of bloody diarrhea, and the detailed characteristics of those episodes, must be every pet‐owner's nightmare. Until now, the standard method of differentiating the two most common forms of chronic enteropathy in dogs, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and food‐responsive diarrhea, has been to watch their response to various treatments, including an elimination diet. The manuscript by Ontsouka et al. in this issue of the European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology [p. 412–422], is of particular interest for several reasons. Firstly, it relates changes in duodenal gene expression profiles to a longer term reduction in diarrhea. This is important not only in providing a mechanism for this effect, but also implying a potential biomarker that might predict a reduction in the symptoms of chronic enteropathies, without having to wait for the disease process to occur. This thereby adds to a growing literature base endorsing genomic technologies in supporting health claims for pet foods. In addition, the study gives credibility to a fish‐meal‐ and potato protein‐based diet, enriched in omega‐3 PUFA, in reducing the symptoms of spontaneous diarrhea lasting at least 6 wk. Consequent opportunities and challenges, for pets, other animals and humans, are discussed in the present commentary.See accompanying article http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.201100343
The Asymmetric Formal Hetero‐Diels–Alder Reaction of Methyl (E)‐4‐Aryl‐2‐oxo‐3‐butenoates Catalyzed by [Sc(OTf)3/pybox] Complexes
Authors: Desimoni Giovanni , Faita Giuseppe , Livieri Alessandro , Mella Mariella , Ponta Laura , Boiocchi Massimo 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe complex between scandium triflate and pybox is a good enantioselective catalyst for the reaction between methyl (E)‐4‐aryl‐2‐oxo‐3‐butenoates (1) and enol silyl ethers (2). The main products with (4′S)‐isopropyl‐, (4′S)‐phenyl‐, and (4′S,5′S)‐4‐TIPS‐pybox are methyl (4S,4aS,8aS)‐4‐aryl‐8a‐trialkylsiloxy‐hexahydro‐4H‐chromen‐2‐carboxylates (7), which are obtained in good yield and enantioselectivities of more than 95 % ee. Because the reaction gives products with a trans ring junction that cannot derive from a conventional concerted hetero‐Diels–Alder pathway, the mechanism involved in the enantioselective catalytic cycle and the origin of the stereoinduction were investigated. The structures of two desilylated products, 8b and 9b, were determined by X‐ray crystal analysis. Their absolute configuration was then related to that of 7 by stereospecific isomerization and/or desilylation reactions. If aryl‐butenoates 1 are coordinated to the catalyst, forming reacting complexes characterized by the five‐membered structure 11, these rigid reacting intermediates give a face discrimination that is determined by the configuration of the pybox 4′‐substituent. The resulting face‐selective attack of enol silyl ethers to coordinated 1 gives an enantioselective tandem Mukaiyama–Michael addition/intramolecular ring closure reaction, which is an enantioselective formal hetero‐Diels–Alder reaction, which rationalizes the absolute configuration of the reaction products.
Indenofluorene‐Based Blue Fluorescent Compounds and Their Application in Highly Efficient Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Lee Kum Hee , Kim Seul Ong , Kang Sunwoo , Lee Jin Yong , Yook Kyoung Soo , Lee Jun Yeob , Yoon Seung Soo 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBlue fluorescent compounds based on indenofluorene derivatives incorporating the (diphenylamino)arylvinyl group and di‐tert‐butylphenyl blocking units have been synthesized by Suzuki coupling and the Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reaction. Their electroluminescence in multilayered OLEDs was examined; the devices have the structures ITO/DNTPD/NPB/MADN:blue dopant/Alq3/LiF/Al. A device with 7 % 2‐(3,5‐di‐tert‐butylphenyl)‐8‐(9,9‐diethyl‐2‐(diphenylamino)fluoren‐7‐ylethenyl)‐6,6,12,12‐tetraethylindeno[1,2‐b]fluorene (3) as blue dopant showed a luminous efficiency of 12.2 cd A–1, a power efficiency of 6.08 lm W–1, and an external quantum efficiency of 7.84 % at 20 mA cm–1 with CIE (Commission Internationale d'Énclairage) (x, y) coordinates of (0.148, 0.241) at 8.5 V. A deep‐blue OLED with CIE (x, y) coordinates of (0.153, 0.128) doped with 2‐(3,5‐di‐tert‐butylphenyl)‐8‐[9‐(3,5‐di‐tert‐butylphenyl)carbazol‐3‐ylethenyl]‐6,6,12,12‐tetraethylindeno[1,2‐b]fluorene (4) exhibited a luminous efficiency of 3.25 cd A–1, a power efficiency of 1.74 lm W–1, and an external quantum efficiency of 2.93 % at 20 mA cm–1.
Interlaboratory assessment of mitotic index by flow cytometry confirms superior reproducibility relative to microscopic scoring
Authors: Roberts D. J. , Spellman R. A. , Sanok K. , Chen H. , Chan M. , Yurt P. , Thakur A. K. , DeVito G. L. , Murli H. , Stankowski L. F. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA flow cytometric procedure for determining mitotic index (MI) as part of the metaphase chromosome aberrations assay, developed and utilized routinely at Pfizer as part of their standard assay design, has been adopted successfully by Covance laboratories. This method, using antibodies against phosphorylated histone tails (H3PS10) and nucleic acid stain, has been evaluated by the two independent test sites and compared to manual scoring. Primary human lymphocytes were treated with cyclophosphamide, mitomycin C, benzo(a)pyrene, and etoposide at concentrations inducing dose‐dependent cytotoxicity. Deming regression analysis indicates that the results generated via flow cytometry (FCM) were more consistent between sites than those generated via microscopy. Further analysis using the Bland–Altman modification of the Tukey mean difference method supports this finding, as the standard deviations (SDs) of differences in MI generated by FCM were less than half of those generated manually. Decreases in scoring variability owing to the objective nature of FCM, and the greater number of cells analyzed, make FCM a superior method for MI determination. In addition, the FCM method has proven to be transferable and easily integrated into standard genetic toxicology laboratory operations. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Descriptive epidemiology of skin cancer in the Swiss Canton of Vaud
Authors: Levi Fabio , La Vecchia Carlo , Te Van‐Cong , Mezzanotte Guerrino 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIncidence registration and survival data for non‐melanocytic skin neoplasms and cutaneous melanoma have been abstracted from the population‐based system of the Cancer Registry of the Swiss Canton of Vaud, which has been operating in a particularly favourable environment, since the large majority of cutaneous lesions resected in the area are examined by a pathologist. Among the 5,712 cases registered, 66.7% were basal‐cell carcinomas, 20.6% squamous‐cell cancers, 9.3% cutaneous melanomas and 3.4% other miscellaneous histological types. The distribution by histological type did not differ appreciably in the 2 sexes, but there were marked inter‐sex differences as regards anatomical site. In both sexes, head and neck was by far the commonest localization for non‐melanomatous neoplasms (69 to 81% of all incident cases), followed by trunk for basal‐cell cancers (18% in males, 15% in females) and upper limb for squamous‐cell (10% in males, 17% in females). The distribution of skin melanomas differed considerably between the 2 sexes, by far the commonest site being the trunk for males (45% of cases) and lower limbs for females (40%), followed by head and neck (22% in both sexes). Incidence rates for both basal‐ and squamous‐cell cancers increased with age, and rates were higher in males for each localization except the lower limb. In contrast, incidence for melanoma was higher in females, and incidence rates did not increase with age above 55 years for all sites except head and neck. This can be interpreted in terms of cohort effect, since mortality from melanoma has substantially increased in Switzerland across subsequent birth cohorts. Although this study is essentially descriptive, accurate inspection of these data provides some support for the major aetiological hypotheses of skin carcinogenesis, i.e., the observation that the large majority of basal‐ and squamous‐cell cancers arise on the head and neck confirms the importance of long‐term ultraviolet exposure; the relative excess of squamous‐cell as compared to basal‐cell neoplasms on the upper limb may suggest the role of exposure to other (chemical) carcinogens; and the proportional excess of melanomas on the trunk in males and lower limb in females further indicates that intermittent exposure to sunlight is probably the relevant aetiologic factor for melanocytic skin neoplasms.
The Danish case‐control study of cutaneous malignant melanoma. IV. No association with nutritional factors, alcohol, smoking or hair dyes
Authors: Østerlind A. , Tucker M.A. , Stone B.J. , Jensen O.M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn a population‐based case‐control study from East Denmark including 474 cases with cutaneous malignant melanoma and 926 controls we evaluated the influence of diet, alcohol, smoking, bathing habits and hair dyes on the risk of this cancer. Patients with lentigo maligna melanoma were not included. We observed no effect of dietary factors on risk of melanoma. No association was found between risk of melanoma and alcohol intake, tobacco smoking, bathing habits or hair dye use.
Influence of non‐contraceptive exogenous and endogenous sex hormones on breast cancer risk in Denmark
Authors: Ewertz Marianne 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn order to evaluate the influence of sex hormones on breast cancer risk, a population‐based case‐control study was conducted in Denmark, including 1,486 cases diagnosed over a one‐year period. These were identified from the files of the nation‐wide clinical trial of the Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group and the Danish Cancer Registry. The control group was an age‐stratified random sample of 1,336 women from the general population. Data on risk factors were collected by self‐administered (mailed) questionnaires. The major findings included a trend (p = 0.001) toward decreasing risk with increasing age at menarche in pre‐menopausal women, trends toward increasing risk with continued menstrual cycles after the age of 50 in pre‐ and post‐menopausal women (p‐values of 0.01 and 0.002 respectively), and a trend (p = 0.002) toward increasing risk with increasing duration of non‐contraceptive sex hormone usage in post‐menopausal women. Information on brand names made it possible to examine types of hormones used, which showed an RR of 1.36 (95% CI 0.98–1.87) for sequential therapy with oestrogen and progestagen and RR = 2.31 (95% CI 1.37–3.88) for combined oestrogen‐androgen treatment. These results should be interpreted with caution, however, needing verification from other studies. No significant association was observed between breast cancer and self‐reported height and weight.