bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topographical relationships between arcuate fasciculus connectivity and cortical thickness
Authors: Phillips Owen R. , Clark Kristi A. , Woods Roger P. , Subotnik Kenneth L. , Asarnow Robert F. , Nuechterlein Keith H. , Toga Arthur W. , Narr Katherine L. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe arcuate fasciculus (AF) connects cortical regions important in language processing, but how fiber coherence and organization relates to gray matter macrostructure remains uncharacterized. We used high‐resolution structural and 30‐direction diffusion imaging data from 36 healthy adults (24 male/12 female; mean age, 30.5 ± 9.8 years) to establish the relationships between AF microstructure and regional variations in cortical gray matter within language networks. Cortical pattern‐matching algorithms were used to measure gray matter thickness at high‐spatial density, and a validated diffusion tractography method was used to reconstruct the AF in the left and right hemisphere of each subject. Relationships between imaging measures and neuropsychological scores of verbal fluency were additionally assessed. Results revealed positive and highly topographical associations between arcuate fractional anisotropy (FA) and cortical thickness within anterior and posterior language regions and surrounding cortices, more prominently in the left hemisphere. These regional cortical thickness/FA relationships were primarily attributable to variations in radial diffusivity. Associations between cortical thickness and verbal fluency were observed in perisylvian language‐related regions. Language scores were associated with left‐hemisphere AF axial diffusivity, but not with AF FA or radial diffusivity. These findings thus suggest that particular components of white matter microstructure and regional increases in cortical thickness benefit aspects of language processing. Furthermore, the topographical relationships between independent measures of white matter and gray matter integrity suggest that rich developmental or environmental interactions influence brain structure and function where the presence and strength of such associations may elucidate pathophysiological processes influencing language systems. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Explaining lapse in long‐term care insurance markets
Authors: Konetzka R. Tamara , Luo Ye 
Published: September 2010

AbstractExpansion of private long‐term care insurance (LTCI) is often posited as a potential mechanism to finance long‐term care (LTC) for a growing elderly population in the US. One largely ignored issue is lapse or cancellation of policies. Individuals who let a LTCI policy lapse face resumed risk of LTC expenditures while suffering the financial loss of premiums paid. The motivation for lapse has been poorly understood, though some have hypothesized that improvements in health risk may be responsible. We use 1996–2006 Health and Retirement Study data from 3974 respondents who report having private LTCI to estimate baseline and dynamic predictors of lapse and test for ex post adverse selection. Individuals who lapse are generally poorer, less educated, less healthy, and more likely to be racial and ethnic minorities than those who retain their policies. Changes in health status play a relatively small role in lapse, and we find little evidence for adverse selection associated with lapse. We conclude that lapse of LTCI is more an issue of finances and alternatives than a reassessment of health risk. Because lapse rates are highest among the least healthy individuals, lapse should be considered explicitly in efforts to expand the LTCI market. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of dental care on cardiovascular disease outcomes: an application of instrumental variables in the presence of heterogeneity and self‐selection
Authors: Brown Timothy Tyler , Dela Cruz Erin , Brown Stephen Scott 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYStudies show a relationship between oral inflammatory processes and cardiovascular risk factors, suggesting that dental care may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. However, due to the differences between men and women in the development and presentation of CVD, such effects may vary by sex. We use a valid set of instrumental variables to evaluate these issues and include a test of essential heterogeneity. CVD events include new occurrences of heart attack (including death from heart attack), stroke (including death from stroke), angina, and congestive heart failure. Controls include age, race, education, marital status, foreign birthplace, and cardiovascular risk factors (health status, body mass index, alcohol use, smoking status, diabetes status, high‐blood‐pressure status, physical activity, and depression). Our analysis finds no evidence of essential heterogeneity. We find the minimum average treatment effect for women to be −0.01, but find no treatment effect for men. This suggests that women who receive dental care may reduce their risk of future CVD events by at least one‐third. The findings may only apply to married middle‐aged and older individuals as the data set is only representative for this group. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Risk of second cancer after lymphohematopoietic neoplasm
Authors: Royle Jill S. , Baade Peter , Joske David , Fritschi Lin 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPeople living with lymphohematopoietic neoplasms (LHNs) are known to have increased risks of second cancer; however, the incidence of second cancers after LHNs has not been studied extensively in Australia. The Australian Cancer Database was used to analyze site‐specific risk of second primary cancer after LHNs in 127,707 patients diagnosed between 1983 and 2005. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated using population rates. Overall, patients with an LHN had nearly twice the risk of developing a second cancer compared to the Australian population. Among 40,321 patients with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), there was over a fourfold significant increase in melanoma, Kaposi sarcoma, cancer of the lip, connective tissue and peripheral nerves, eye, thyroid, Hodgkin's disease (HD) and myeloid leukemia. Among 6,396 patients with HD, there was over a fourfold significant increase in melanoma, Kaposi sarcoma, cancer of the lip, oral cavity and pharynx, female breast, uterine cervix, testis, thyroid, NHL and myeloid leukemia. Among the 33,025 patients with lymphoid and myeloid leukemia, significant excess were seen for cancers of the lip, eye, connective tissue and peripheral nerves, NHL and HD. Among the 13,856 patients with plasma cell tumors, there was over fourfold significant increase for melanoma, cancer of the connective tissue and peripheral nerves and myeloid leukemia. Our findings provide evidence of an increased risk of cancer, particularly ultraviolet radiation‐ and immunosuppression‐related cancers, after an LHN in Australia.
The antimalarial agent artesunate possesses anticancer properties that can be enhanced by combination strategies
Authors: Liu Wai M. , Gravett Andrew M. , Dalgleish Angus G. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractArtemisinins are a class of compounds that are first‐line treatment options for malaria. They also have potent antiproliferative activity, which makes them potential anticancer drugs. We have previously demonstrated anticancer activity of a number of these compounds in vitro; however, cytotoxic activities were compromised by drug‐induced cell cycle arrests. In this study, we have explored further the activity of the clinical lead artemisinin‐drug artesunate (ART), used either alone or in combination with established chemotherapy. Also, by using a cell line expressing polyploidy character, have also explored the impact of cell cycle arrest in determining overall drug activity. Results showed that ART caused dose‐dependent decreases in cell number, which were associated with either increased cytotoxicity or cytostasis. Cytostasis appeared to be a consequence of a simultaneous arrest at all phases of the cell cycle, a deduction that was supported by molecular profiling, which showed reductions in cell cycle transit proteins. ART appeared to maintain cells in this arrested state; however, reculturing these treated cells in drug‐free medium resulted in significant reductions in viabilities. We also showed that ART maintained activity in polyploidy cells, and that an impressive enhancement to its activity was achievable through a combination with the immunomodulatory drug lenalidomide. Taken together, these observations indicate ART and its related compounds may be effective for the treatment of tumours, and that activity is related to schedule. Therefore, it is important to carefully select the most appropriate schedule to maximise ART efficacy.
Economic evaluation of strategies for managing women with equivocal cytological results in Brazil
Authors: Vanni Tazio , Legood Rosa , Franco Eduardo L. , Villa Luisa L. , Luz Paula Mendes , Schwartsmann Gilberto 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn Brazil, current management of women with screening results of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC‐US) is to offer repeat testing at 6‐month intervals. Alternative management strategies that have been adopted in many high‐income settings are to offer immediate colposcopy referral or to utilise human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing as a triage for colposcopy referral, and to consider different strategies according to women's age. The objective of our study was to evaluate the lifetime cost effectiveness in terms of cost per years of life saved (YLS) of these alternative strategies for a middle income setting. A Markov model was developed using data from the Ludwig‐McGill cohort and calibrated to independent observational datasets and local cost estimates obtained. In the base‐case analysis, repeat cytology was the least costly strategy but also the least effective. Based on the WHO threshold for very cost‐effective interventions, HPV triage for women above 30 years‐old was the strategy with the highest probability of being cost effective. HPV triage including younger women with ASCUS results would also be a cost‐effective option. Whilst there was a slight further gain in effectiveness with immediate colposcopy referral, it was also more expensive and did not appear to be cost effective. Threshold analysis indicated that an HPV test would have to be more than twice as expensive as a cytology test for HPV triage to no longer be cost effective. In conclusion, our results indicate that in middle income settings HPV triage is likely to be the optimal strategy for managing women presenting with ASC‐US results.
Arg72Pro TP53 polymorphism and cancer susceptibility: A comprehensive meta‐analysis of 302 case‐control studies
Authors: Francisco Guilherme , Menezes Paulo Rossi , Eluf‐Neto José , Chammas Roger 
Published: September 2010

AbstractArg72Pro is a common polymorphism in TP53, showing differences in its biological functions. Case‐control studies have been performed to elucidate the role of Arg72Pro in cancer, although the results are conflicting and heterogeneous. Here, we analyzed pooled data from case‐control studies to determine the role of Arg72Pro in different cancer sites. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of 302 case‐control studies that analyzed Arg72Pro in cancer susceptibility. Odds ratios were estimated for different tumor sites using distinct genetic models, and the heterogeneity between studies was explored using I2 values and meta‐regression. We adopted quality criteria to classify the studies. Subgroup analyses were done for tumor sites according to ethnicity, histological, and anatomical sites. Results indicated that Arg72Pro is associated with higher susceptibility to cancer in some tumor sites, mainly hepatocarcinoma. For some tumor sites, quality of studies was associated with the size of genetic association, mainly in cervical, head and neck, gastric, and lung cancer. However, study quality did not explain the observed heterogeneity substantially. Meta‐regression showed that ethnicity, allelic frequency and genotyping method were responsible for a substantial part of the heterogeneity observed. Our results suggest ethnicity and histological and anatomical sites may modulate the penetrance of Arg72Pro in cancer susceptibility. This meta‐analysis denotes the importance for more studies with good quality and that the covariates responsible for heterogeneity should be controlled to obtain a more conclusive response about the function of Arg72Pro in cancer.
External sense receptors in microdrile oligochaetes (Annelida, Clitellata) as revealed by scanning electron microscopy: Typology and patterns of distribution in the main taxonomic groups
Authors: Caramelo Carlos , Martínez‐Ansemil Enrique 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis work summarizes the observations on 30 species of microdriles belonging to the families Naididae (Rhyacodrilinae, Pristininae, Naidinae, Phallodrilinae, and Tubificinae), Phreodrilidae, Lumbriculidae, and Enchytraeidae using scanning electron microscopy. The lumbricid Eiseniella tetraedra, a megadrile species common in typical microdrile habitats, was used for comparison. Microdriles display external ciliate sense structures along the entire body; even at the clitellum and in budding and regeneration zones. According to the shape of the cilia, these sense structures can be divided into receptors of blunt cilia, receptors of sharp cilia, and composed receptors. Sense receptors can be morphologically unconspicuous or clearly defined on sensory buds or papillae. All microdriles studied have receptors of blunt cilia. Enchytraeids have characteristic receptors of short cilia. Pristina (Pristininae), Chaetogaster, Ophidonais, and Stylaria (Naidinae) have receptors of long blunt cilia. Composed receptors were found only in some microdriles and E. tetraedra. Receptors of sharp cilia have been found in most microdriles. Enchytraeids might be the only exception, but sharp cilia are probably present in the amphibiotic Cognettia sphagnetorum. Sensory cells with long sharp cilia might play a rheoreceptor role, and their presence in E. tetraedra and C. sphagnetorum would imply the reappearing of an ancient character that was probably lost with the transit from aquatic to terrestrial habitats. Some lumbriculids have ciliated fields. Anatomically, these structures appear as intermediate between the typical isolate sensory structures of microdriles and the sensillae of the hirudineans. The general pattern in microdriles is that uniciliate receptors and multiciliate receptors are separated, which supports the presumed aquatic origin of the clitellates. J. Morphol., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effects of low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound upon diabetic fracture healing
Authors: Coords Michael , Breitbart Eric , Paglia David , Kappy Nikolas , Gandhi Ankur , Cottrell Jessica , Cedeno Natalie , Pounder Neill , O'Connor J. Patrick , Lin Sheldon S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn the United States, over 17 million people are diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) with its inherent morbidity of delayed bone healing and nonunion. Recent studies demonstrate the utility of pulsed low‐intensity ultrasound (LIPUS) to facilitate fracture healing. The current study evaluated the effects of daily application of LIPUS on mid‐diaphyseal femoral fracture growth factor expression, cartilage formation, and neovascularization in DM and non‐DM BB Wistar rats. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and ELISA assays were used to measure and quantify growth factor expression. Histomorphometry assessed cartilage formation while immunohistochemical staining for PECAM evaluated neovascularization at the fracture site. In accordance with previous studies, LIPUS was shown to increase growth factor expression and cartilage formation. Our study also demonstrated an increase in fracture callus neovascularization with the addition of LIPUS. The DM group showed impaired growth factor expression, cartilage formation, and neovascularization. However, the addition of LIPUS significantly increased all parameters so that the DM group resembled that of the non‐DM group. These findings suggest a potential role of LIPUS as an adjunct for DM fracture treatment. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:181–188, 2011
Effects of estrogen deficiency and bisphosphonate therapy on osteocyte viability and microdamage accumulation in an ovine model of osteoporosis
Authors: Brennan Orlaith , Kennedy Oran D. , Lee T. Clive , Rackard Susan M. , O'Brien Fergal J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIt has been proposed that osteocyte viability plays an important role in bone integrity, and that bone loss in osteoporosis may be partially due to osteocyte cell death following estrogen depletion. Osteoporosis treatments such as bisphosphonates can inhibit osteocyte apoptosis which in turn may also reduce remodeling. Consequently, microcracks in bone which are normally repaired by bone remodeling may accumulate. This study used an ovine model of osteoporosis to examine the effects of estrogen depletion and bisphosphonates on osteocyte apoptosis and microdamage accumulation. Skeletally mature ewes were randomly assigned into two equal groups; ovariectomy (OVX) and a non‐treatment group (control). Half of these animals were sacrificed 12 months post‐OVX. Twenty months post‐OVX, a number of OVX animals were randomly selected and each received a supra‐pharmacological dose of the bisphosphonate, zoledronic acid (Zol). This group and all the remaining animals were sacrificed 31 months post‐OVX. A compact bone specimen was removed from the left metacarpal of each animal; half was used for osteocyte apoptosis detection and the remainder for microdamage analysis. Estrogen deficiency resulted in significant increases in the levels of osteocyte apoptosis while zoledronic acid significantly reduced the level of apoptosis in osteocytes. Zoledronic acid treatment resulted in the formation of more microcracks. However, these cracks were shorter than in control or OVX groups which may provide one explanation as to why increased damage levels following bisphosphonate treatment have not lead to increased fractures. This study also provides additional evidence of the importance of estrogen in preserving the osteocyte network. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:419–424, 2011
Joint mobilization improves spatiotemporal postural control and range of motion in those with chronic ankle instability
Authors: Hoch Matthew C. , McKeon Patrick O. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a single joint mobilization treatment on dorsiflexion range of motion (DF ROM), posterior talar glide, and dynamic and static postural control in individuals with self‐reported chronic ankle instability (CAI). In this randomized cross‐over study, subjects received a Maitland Grade III anterior‐to‐posterior joint mobilization treatment and a control treatment of rest for 5 min. Weight‐bearing DF ROM, instrumented posterior talar displacement and posterior stiffness, the anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral reach directions of the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT), and time‐to‐boundary (TTB) single‐limb stance static postural control were assessed on both treatment days in 9 males and 11 females with CAI. The results indicated that the joint mobilization treatment was associated with significantly greater DF ROM (p = 0.01) and TTB in the anterior–posterior direction with eyes‐open (p < 0.05). Although not significant, trends were identified in posterior talar displacement (p = 0.08) and the mean of TTB in the medial‐lateral (ML) direction (p = 0.07). No significant differences were observed in the standard deviation of TTB in the ML direction, the SEBT, or posterior stiffness (p > 0.05). This indicates that a single joint mobilization treatment has mechanical and functional benefits for addressing impairments in sensorimotor function and arthrokinematic restrictions commonly experienced by individuals with CAI. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:326–332, 2011
Leptin‐mediated cytoskeletal remodeling in chondrocytes occurs via the RhoA/ROCK pathway
Authors: Liang Jinqian , Feng Juefei , Wu William Ka Kei , Xiao Jun , Wu Zhihong , Han Dong , Zhu Yong , Qiu Guixing 
Published: September 2010

AbstractLeptin affects a number of cell signaling pathways, at present, the mechanism(s) by which leptin affects the cartilage cells in OA patient is not well understood. The current study seeks to elucidate whether leptin induces cytoskeletal remodeling in chondrocytes and the possible involvement of the RhoA/ROCK pathway and its downstream mediators in this process. Fluorescent resonance energy transfer (FRET) and western analysis were used to determine the activations of the key proteins in the RhoA/LIMK1/Cofilin pathway. Accompanying cytoskeletal remodeling was elucidated. Upon leptin stimulation, a substantial increase of RhoA activity localized at one end of the cell was observed from 2 to 30 min post‐stimulation. The results of Western blot showed leptin significantly increased LIMK1 and cofilin‐2 phosphorylation in a time‐dependent manner with maximal stimulation attained 60 min and 24 h post‐stimulation, respectively. Chondrocytes stimulated with leptin exhibited an epithelioid morphology with increased cellular spreading. F‐actin in leptin‐stimulated chondrocytes also showed more intense cytoplasmic staining with occasional localization along filamentous structures. The results indicate that leptin activates the RhoA/ROCK/LIMK/cofilin pathway, which results in cytoskeletal reorganization in chondrocytes. These findings provide novel evidence supporting the possible involvement of leptin and the RhoA pathway in the pathogenesis of OA. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:369–374, 2011
The impact of re‐excision of inadequately resected soft tissue sarcomas on surgical therapy, results, and prognosis: A single institution experience with 682 patients
Authors: Funovics Philipp T. , Vaselic Sanja , Panotopoulos Joannis , Kotz Rainer I. , Dominkus Martin 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesDue to their rare incidence soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are often resected without clear margins. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of re‐excision of STS on survival.MethodsOut of 752 patients with STS (406 men and 346 women, average age 51 years), 310 patients were referred after an inadequate resection, 442 patients presented for primary treatment. Six hundred eighty‐two patients were compared over a mean period of 65 months (median, 36 months) according to the treatment groups regarding their survival, clinical, surgical, and pathological data.ResultsThe 5‐year survival rate of 621 surgically treated patients was 53.9%. There was a continuous improvement in survival during the whole treatment period in the respective decades. The overall survival rate in both groups was not significantly different regardless of low‐ or high‐grade malignancies. Patients with a re‐resection did not have a higher rate of local recurrences; patients with a primary resection had a worse prognosis regarding metastases. A re‐resection within 12 weeks indicated a better prognosis.ConclusionsAn inadequate excision of a STS does not cogently mean deterioration of overall survival but necessitates an ample and quick re‐resection. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;102:626–633. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.