bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Some measures of interorganizational citizenship behaviors
Authors: Skinner Lauren R. , Autry Chad W. , Lamb Charles W. 
Published: August 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe the development of a scale for measuring interorganizational citizenship behaviors (ICBs). ICBs are types of tactical boundary spanning activities employed by firms in supply chain relationships geared toward improving overall supply chain success. ICBs are theoretically grounded in organizational citizenship behaviors research (OCBs) and adapted to apply to the interorganizational context. Based on a previous research article, the paper aims to report on multidimensional scale development for ICBs that should be useful for future empirical research efforts in this and related areas.Design/methodology/approachThe paper adhere as closely as possible to the formalized measurement scale development heuristic posited by Hinkin.FindingsThe process reveals four measurement scales useful for operationalizing unique types of ICBs in empirical research articles.Originality/valueThis paper operationalizes four common ICBs: interorganizational altruism, tolerance, loyalty, and compliance. It provides evidence to support the convergent and discriminant validity of the four ICB scales evaluated.
Supply chain security culture: measure development and validation
Authors: Williams Zachary , Ponder Nicole , Autry Chad W. 
Published: August 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a newly developed scale useful for measuring supply chain security culture (SCSC), defined as the overall organizational philosophy that creates supply chain security as a priority among its employees through embracing and projecting norms and values to support secure activities and to be vigilant with security efforts.Design/methodology/approachThe approach to developing a scale for SCSC follows the steps presented by Churchill. This includes conducting steps such as: generating items, establishing face and content validity, conducting a pretest to refine items, and validating the scale through an additional data collection so reliability, convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity can be evaluated.FindingsThe process yielded a unidimensional, five‐item scale with strong psychometric properties. Through empirical verification, this scale is shown to exhibit high levels of reliability and validity.Research limitations/implicationsOrganizational culture has been a construct of interest in social science research for many years. The new phenomenon of supply chain security has been recently introduced to academics and practitioners. Thus, the presented scale has applications for theory and practice. Limitations of the study include allowing one error term to correlate in the SCSC scale and the resiliency scale, a somewhat low response rate, and no ability to test for common method variance bias.Practical implicationsPractitioners will find the presented scale useful in gauging the culture of their respective organizations in terms of supply chain security. A security focused culture is important for organizations to protect their supply chain.Originality/valueThe paper provides a useful measurement tool for use in future research addressing the social aspects of security management within the supply chain context.
Assessing consumer attitudes toward off‐site customer service contact methods
Authors: Smith Ronn J. , Eroglu Cuneyt 
Published: August 2009

PurposeThis paper aims to present the development of a scale, off‐site customer service (OCS), which assesses the factors that are important in consumer evaluation of an off‐site customer service contact method (e.g. website or telephone).Design/methodology/approachA scale is developed and tested. A discrete choice model provides supporting evidence of the practical applications of the scale.FindingsThe resultant scale is developed with consumer evaluation delineated on usability and experiential dimensions. The usability dimension consists of items capturing ease of use, error recovery, security, and customization constructs. The experiential dimension consists of items capturing satisfaction, socialization, empathy, and privacy sensitivity constructs. A discrete choice model shows that the scale performs equally well for both website and telephone contact methods. The paper concludes with managerial implications and avenues for additional research.Originality/valueUnlike existing scales that focus on a particular type of contact method or a particular customer service encounter or transaction, OCS scale is versatile enough to be used for different contact methods and under different customer service encounter scenarios.
A multi‐dimensional construct of commercial motor vehicle operators' attitudes toward safety regulations
Authors: Douglas Matthew A. , Swartz Stephen M. 
Published: August 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop a measurement scale to assess over‐the‐road commercial motor vehicle operators' attitudes toward safety regulations.Design/methodology/approachA literature review of the current USA motor carrier safety literature and general safety literature is conducted to determine the existence of a construct and measurement scale suitable for assessing truck drivers' attitudes toward regulations. As no existing construct is found, a new construct needs to be developed. A rigorous construct development process is conducted to establish the content domain, reliability, and validity of a new construct to measure truck drivers' regulatory attitudes.FindingsThe results of this paper shows a reliable and valid construct to measure truck drivers' perceptions of the general attitude, effectiveness, and enforcement of safety regulations.Research limitations/implicationsThis effort is the initial construct development process and use of the construct in theory testing studies is necessary.Practical implicationsThe regulatory attitude construct is developed in support of a larger investigation into the behavioral aspects of truck driver safety. The broader study seeks to inform theory and practice as to how the trucking industry's regulatory environment influences truck drivers' safety‐related decisions and behaviors. By identifying the impact of the regulatory environment, safety program managers should be able to direct their educational and training efforts to influence factors that will result in better decisions and safer driving behaviors.Originality/valueThis construct development process marks the first attempt to comprehensively measure truck drivers' attitudes toward safety regulations.
Competing for the custom of small town residents: exploring the challenges and potential
Authors: Powe Neil A. , Hart Trevor 
Published: August 2009

PurposeFaced with an increasingly open society, retail concentration and population change, the purpose of this paper is to consider the challenges and potential for small towns to compete for custom from their residents.Design/methodology/approachRetail challenges and potential are considered through exploring the attitudes and behaviour of residents in a range of towns, where the key factors affecting trade are identified using regression analysis and then explored further using more open‐ended approaches.FindingsThe resident surveys illustrate a sizeable leakage of retail expenditure out of the towns, particularly for comparison goods. Regression analysis shows that this leakage is more part of a general trend rather than being associated with high levels of migration into the towns. Residents seem to fit into two different groupings: first, those whose expectations can be met at the small town level; and second, those wanting a different offer and tending to go elsewhere. Encouraging trade from the former provides the most realistic policy objective.Practical implicationsKey issues relate to getting the basics right, providing support to independent/specialist shops, encouraging firms to fill missing key elements of the retail offer and, where population change is occurring, ensuring that the expansion of services does not have detrimental effects for town centres.Originality/valueThis paper illustrates that although there are many retail challenges‐facing small towns, there is potential for them to maintain their viability and vitality.
Importance‐performance analysis as a tool in evaluating town centre management effectiveness
Authors: Riviezzo Angelo , de Nisco Alessandro , Rosaria Napolitano Maria 
Published: August 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide some insights for the evaluation of town centre management (TCM) effectiveness, by proposing the importance‐performance analysis (IPA) as a valuable tool to ensure a multi‐perspective evaluation. The need for more empirical methods of measuring town centre effectiveness is related to the risk of commonly used evaluation methodologies reflecting only the success criteria of dominant stakeholders.Design/methodology/approachBy reviewing the service management literature, a definition of the “town centre product” is proposed, and how IPA can be used to analyse the city users' quality perceptions is emphasized. The theoretical framework is enriched by an empirical case study: the city centre of Benevento.FindingsThe results provide a clear guidance for the implementation of a TCM scheme in the historical centre of Benevento, by identifying the main area of intervention.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper addresses a gap in the academic literature by using the IPA as an alternative evaluating paradigm of TCM and providing a definition of the town centre servicescape. Further research could investigate the impact of the selected environmental variables on the city users' internal responses (e.g. satisfaction) and behaviours (e.g. desire to shop), beside on their quality perceptions.Practical implicationsThe paper proposes a handy tool both for the exante and the expost evaluation, As well, it could be used as a benchmarking tool.Originality/valueThe paper has significant implications both for practitioners and for academics. It provides an original framework for further research and factual implementation.
Analyzing out‐of‐stock in independent grocery stores: an empirical study
Authors: Aastrup Jesper , Kotzab Herbert 
Published: August 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine out‐of‐stock (OOS) challenges in the independent grocery sector with a special emphasis on in‐store root causes. The analysis aims to assess the extent and root causes for OOS in the independently controlled retail sector and provide a comparison of these results with the centrally controlled chain sector in Denmark. The paper also seeks to examine the practices and challenges of store ordering and store replenishment processes in the independent sector and identify practical implications for store management and other members of the grocery channels.Design/methodology/approachThe research design includes two studies. Study‐I surveys and compares the extent and root causes of OOS of 42 stores from eight chains in the two sectors. Study‐II identifies, based on qualitative interviews with 17 store managers/owners of independent stores, specific insights on store operations.FindingsThe quantitative study shows that the OOS rates in the independent sector are significantly higher than in the centrally organized sector. Furthermore, the independent grocery sector faces OOS challenges in more categories than the centrally controlled sector. The study also reveals a very large variation in the performance of independent stores. Contrary to the centrally controlled chain store sector, the major root cause for OOS in the independent sector is found in the store ordering process. The qualitative study shows that the main discriminating issues between stores with a low and a high OOS rate are: store management emphasis and commitment to OOS issues; the resulting priority and managerial guidance in store ordering and store replenishment tasks; the stability of staff and the proper planning for replenishment peaks; the store size and resulting space conditions; and the use of appropriate decision heuristics and use of inventory in store ordering.Practical implicationsThe findings have practical implications for store management as it reveals practices to pursue and to avoid. Also, it is argued that the findings have implications for the other members of the grocery channels.Originality/valueEmpirically, this paper explores two issues not being dealt with in depth in previous research, i.e. the OOS challenge in the independent sector and the emphasis on store operations.
Exploring the association between fairness and organisational outcomes in supply chain relationships
Authors: Hornibrook Sue , Fearne Andrew , Lazzarin Maria 
Published: August 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a conceptual model of fairness applicable to buyer‐ supplier relationships within supply chains in order to generate a new line of empirical research within supply chain management (SCM).Design/methodology/approachThe paper presents a literature review on organisational justice drawn from the psychology discipline. Fairness within collaborative and long‐term buyer‐supplier relationships is discussed and conceptualised. A number of propositions are presented applicable to buyer supplier relationships within supply chains, given that successful implementation of supply chain strategies depends upon the actions and reactions of individuals across functions, both within and between organisations.FindingsSome of the assumptions made in the traditional intra‐organisational setting are challenged. A conceptual model of fairness applicable to buyer‐supplier relationships is developed, and supply chain moderating factors that may impact on perceptions of justice, and possible desired organisational as well as supply chain outcomes are identified.Originality/valueSpecifically, a contribution is made to the gaps in the SCM literature on the social implications of SCM by developing a behavioural theoretical approach. Solutions to operational measurement difficulties are offered, together with implications for practising managers to consider when managing supply chain relationships. Opportunities and difficulties for future empirical research are also identified.
Extreme value shoppers in the United States
Authors: Carpenter Jason M. 
Published: August 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore consumer patronage of extreme value retailers in the USA.Design/methodology/approachThe paper employs a sample generated from Retail Forward panel data (n=1,107) to explore consumer patronage of extreme value retailers. Descriptive statistics and decision tree analysis chi‐square automatic interaction detector is used to evaluate the data.FindingsThe paper examines extreme value shoppers based on patronage frequency, expenditures, and primary reason for shopping in the extreme value format. Results suggest that although patronage frequency of extreme value stores is not increasing, expenditures for food/household essentials are increasing. Demographic characteristics (income and age) are revealed as predictors of the primary reason for patronizing the format.Research limitations/implicationsGeneralizations of the findings of this paper to markets outside the USA are limited due to the differences in consumers and retail formats available in various countries. Future research could investigate additional patronage motives of extreme value shoppers, predict propensity to shop in the format, and compare changes in the customer base over time as a response to changing economic conditions.Practical implicationsThe findings of this paper provide extreme value retailers with information on patronage frequency, expenditure, and patronage motivations among extreme value shoppers. The results offer support for the development of competitive strategies within the extreme value segment. As competition in the retail industry continues to evolve and new retail formats emerge, understanding shoppers' reasons for patronizing extreme value retailers will be critical to performance.Originality/valueThis paper is unique because of the lack of attention to extreme value shoppers in the extant literature.
Differences in attitudes about fraud and corruption across cultures
Authors: Lloyd Bierstaker James 
Published: August 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine differences in managers' and employees' attitudes about fraud across different cultures, provide some theories as to why these differences exist, give some recent examples of cultural differences in ethical perceptions from practice, make recommendations as to how companies can address this issue and make improvements to their anti‐fraud programs based on the country and culture in which they operate, and suggest some opportunities for future research.Design/methodology/approachThe paper takes the form of a literature review.FindingsA great deal of future research is needed to examine the effects of culture on the critical elements of managements' antifraud programs and controls that may be most effective in combating corruption, including the whistleblower hotline, internal audit, surprise audits, management review of internal controls, rewards for whistleblowers, and mandatory job rotation.Originality/valueThis is one of the first papers reviewing the literature on cross‐cultural fraud and identifying opportunities for future research.
Corruption from a cross‐cultural perspective
Authors: Hooker John 
Published: August 2009

PurposeBecause cultures operate in very different ways, different activities are corrupting in different parts of the world. Taking the view that corruption is an activity that tends to undermine a cultural system, this paper aims to examine this issue.Design/methodology/approachThe paper analyzes real‐life situations in Japan, Taiwan, India, China, North America, sub‐Saharan Africa, the Middle East, and Korea to distinguish actions that structurally undermine a cultural system from those that are merely inefficient or are actually supportive.FindingsCultures have fundamentally different behavioral norms due to their different conceptions of human nature. They can be broadly classified as rule‐based and relationship‐based, distinguished by the fact that behavior is regulated primarily by respect for rules in the former and authority figures in the latter. Corrupting behavior differs around the world partly because of different norms, and partly because cultural systems break down in different ways. Activities such as nepotism or cronyism that are corrupting in the rule‐based cultures of the West may be functional in relationship‐based cultures. Behavior that is normal in the West, such as bringing lawsuits or adhering strictly to a contract, may be corrupting elsewhere. Practices such as bribery that are often corrupting across cultures are nonetheless corrupting for very different reasons.Originality/valueThe paper provides culturally sensitive guidelines not only for avoiding corruption but also for understanding the mechanisms that make a culture work.
Why or why not? Rationalizing corruption in organizations
Authors: Rabl Tanja , Kühlmann Torsten M. 
Published: August 2009

PurposeThe literature states that rationalization strategies contribute to a spread of corruption in organizations. They are supposed to serve not only as post hoc justifications but also as ex ante determinants of corrupt behavior. This empirical study aims at challenging this theoretical assumption.Design/methodology/approachThe authors gained empirical data in a business simulation game where participants had the opportunity to act corruptly. The sample included both university and high school students.FindingsThe results show that post hoc rationalizations primarily highlight the “positive” intention behind corrupt action. As relationships with important person‐based determinants of corruption are lacking, it is questionable whether rationalization strategies possess potential as ex ante determinants of corrupt behavior.Research limitations/implicationsThe design of the study only assesses rationalization strategies post hoc. Therefore it does not allow for examining causal effects, only the investigation of relationships. Future research should aim at addressing this issue, including both ex ante and post hoc assessment of rationalization strategies.Originality/valueThe paper is a first attempt to examine empirically the function of rationalization strategies in the context of corruption in organizations.
Fraud score analysis in emerging markets
Authors: Skousen Christopher J. , Twedt Brady James 
Published: August 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to determine the likelihood of financial statement manipulations in companies throughout a variety of emerging market countries and compare this potential wirh that of firms within the USA.Design/methodology/approachThe authors utilize the Fraud Score Model, as set forth by Dechow et al., to determine the likelihood of financial statement manipulations. By adjusting their model to work in an international setting, the authors are able to study nine industries across 23 countries, including the USA.FindingsThe results vary from industry to industry, with some countries performing extremely well in one industry, only to prove remarkably risky in the next.Originality/valueThe findings may be used by a variety of market participants, especially investors, to determine the risk levels of potential foreign investments. Therefore, this research can help lead to a more overall efficient placement of global capital.
Fraud and white‐collar crime: a Chinese perspective
Authors: Brody Richard G. , Luo Robert 
Published: August 2009

PurposeThis paper sets out to discuss white‐collar crime and fraud in China and to draw implications for Western businesses wishing to enter the Chinese market.Design/methodology/approachThe paper provides examples of recent frauds committed in China and also provides a brief review of the literature. It traces the development of China's economy, describing China's modern‐day economy, and also looks at cultural issues and differences between Western and Chinese attitudes.FindingsWestern businesses planning to enter the Chinese market need to do their due diligence before committing resources. What works in Western society may not work in another culture, like China's. However, gaining an understanding of the culture and general way of life will go a long way towards laying the groundwork for success.Research limitations/implicationsAdditional focus should be placed on examining how cultural differences affect judgments and behaviors.Originality/valueFrom a practical standpoint, the paper provides insights into possible areas of disagreement between employees from different cultures that can result from their divergent opinions about individuals' responsibility for fraudulent acts.
Introduction: corporate communication and strategic adaptation
Authors: Goodman Michael B. 
Published: August 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss the challenges facing corporate communication professionals and researchers, and to introduce the issues presented in the papers from the CCI Conference on Corporate Communication 2008 published in this special issue.Design/methodology/approachThis paper presents a discussion of the issues raised in the special issue papers.FindingsDiscussion of the future of the corporate communication profession in the wake of the global fiscal crisis.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper implies several areas for further research.Practical implicationsThis paper implies strategic knowledge of business processes and practice for effective corporate communication.Originality/valueThis paper articulates complex challenges facing corporate communicators.