bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-Term In vivo Effects of Cisplatin on γ-H2AX Foci Signaling in Peripheral Lymphocytes of Tumor Patients After Irradiation
Authors: Sak Ali , Grehl Sara , Engelhard Marianne , Wierlemann Arne , Kaelberlah Hans-Peter , Erichsen Patricia , Pöttgen Christoph , Groneberg Michael , Stuschke Martin 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Purpose: This study determined the effects of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) on radiation-induced foci formation of γ-H2AX and Rad51 in lymphocytes.
Experimental Design: Twenty-eight cancer patients were irradiated for intrathoracic, pelvic, or head and neck tumors and received simultaneous cisplatin containing chemotherapy. The effect of cisplatin on radiation-induced γ-H2AX and Rad51 foci as a response to ionizing radiation–induced DNA double-strand breaks was measured in lymphocytes after in vivo and in vitro radiochemotherapy. The role of DNA-dependent protein kinase and ataxia-telangiectasia mutated kinase in γ-H2AX signaling, the consequences of altered γ-H2AX foci formation on double-strand break end joining, was studied.
Results: Cisplatin decreased the number of induced γ-H2AX foci in lymphocytes after in vivo or in vitro irradiation by 34% ± 6% at days 0 to 3 after cisplatin (P &lt; 0.0001) and remained significant until day 6. The variation in this cisplatin effect from patient to patient was larger than the retest error within the same patient (P = 0.01). The cisplatin effect was not accompanied by an inhibition of end joining of double-strand break as analyzed using gel electrophoresis of DNA under neutral conditions. Cisplatin also decreased radiation induced Rad51 foci formation in lymphocytes after stimulation of proliferation with phytohemagglutinin by 47% ± 6% (P &lt; 0.0001).
Conclusion: Cisplatin has long-term effects on the early double-strand break response of γ-H2AX and Rad51 foci formation after ionizing radiation. Inhibition of sensing and processing of double-strand break by γ-H2AX and Rad51 foci formation are important mechanisms by which cisplatin can alter the radiation response.
A Model of Strongly Forced Wind Waves
Authors: Fedorov Alexey V. , Melville W. Kendall 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
A model of surface waves generated on deep water by strong winds is proposed. A two-layer approximation is adopted, in which a shallow turbulent layer overlies the lower, infinitely deep layer. The dynamics of the upper layer, which is directly exposed to the wind, are nonlinear and coupled to the linear dynamics in the deep fluid. The authors demonstrate that in such a system there exist steady wave solutions characterized by confined regions of wave breaking alternating with relatively long intervals where the wave profiles change monotonically. In the former regions the flow is decelerated; in the latter it is accelerated. The regions of breaking are akin to hydraulic jumps of finite width necessary to join the smooth “interior” flows and have periodic waves. In contrast to classical hydraulic jumps, the strongly forced waves lose both energy and momentum across the jumps. The flow in the upper layer is driven by the balance between the wind stress at the surface, the turbulent drag applied at the layer interface, and the wave drag induced at the layer interface by quasi-steady breaking waves. Propagating in the downwind direction, the strongly forced waves significantly modify the flow in both layers, lead to enhanced turbulence, and reduce the speed of the near-surface flow. According to this model, a large fraction of the work done by the surface wind stress on the ocean in high winds may go directly into wave breaking and surface turbulence.
Seroprevalence and factors associated with herpes simplex virus type 2 among HIV-negative high-risk men who have sex with men from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Rodrigues Junia , Grinsztejn Beatriz , Bastos Francisco I , Velasque Luciane , Luz Paula M , de Souza Claudia TV , Georg Ingebourg , Pilotto Jose H , Veloso Valdilea G 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackgroundHerpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is the leading cause of genital ulcer disease in developing countries, including Brazil, and is especially prevalent among men who have sex with men (MSM). HSV-2 infection represents a risk factor for the acquisition and transmission of other sexually transmitted diseases. The goal of the present cross-sectional study was to estimate HSV-2 seroprevalence and to determine the factors associated with HSV-2 seropositivity in HIV-negative high-risk MSM from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.MethodsStored sera were tested to estimate HSV-2 seroprevalence, while socio-demographic and sexual behavior data were used to measure associations between risk factors and HSV-2 seropositivity. Using the Poisson regression model with robust variance, prevalence ratios (PR) were used to estimate de degree of association between risk factors and HSV-2 seropositivity in bivariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsSeroprevalence of HSV-2 was of 45.7% (184 out of 403). Factors independently associated with HSV-2 seroprevalence in the multivariate model were: older age (≥ 26 years, PR: 1.41 95% Confidence Interval: 1.11–1.78), non-white race (PR: 1.32 95%CI: 1.06–1.64), positive serology for syphilis (PR: 1.65 95%CI: 1.33–2.05), positive serology for hepatitis B (PR: 1.25 95%CI: 0.99–1.57), stable male partner in the past 6 months (PR: 1.42 95%CI: 1.12–1.79), and unprotected anal sex with a stable female partner (PR: 1.46 95%CI: 1.05–2.04) in the 6 months preceding the cross-sectional assessment.ConclusionThe present study made evident a high prevalence of HSV-2 infection in a sample of HIV-negative high-risk MSM from Rio de Janeiro. This finding indicates the need and urgency for implementing integrated programs for the prevention of HSV-2 and other sexually transmitted diseases, and, in particular, programs targeting high-risk MSM.
Comparative Effects of Teriparatide and Strontium Ranelate on Bone Biopsies and Biochemical Markers of Bone Turnover in Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis
Authors: Recker Robert R , Marin Fernando , Ish-Shalom Sophia , Möricke Rüdiger , Hawkins Federico , Kapetanos Georgios , de la Peña María P , Kekow Jörn , Farrerons Jordi , Sanz Beatriz , Oertel Heide , Stepan Jan 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
We assessed the effects on bone remodeling and histomorphometry after daily subcutaneous injections of teriparatide (n = 39, 20 μg/d) or oral strontium ranelate (SrR, n = 40, 2 g/d) in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Evaluable biopsies were obtained from 29 patients in the teriparatide group and 22 in the SrR group after 6 mo of treatment. The mean ± SD mineralization surfaces as a percent of bone surfaces (MS/BS, %) at the trabecular level were 7.73 ± 1.48% for teriparatide and 5.25 ± 1.15% for SrR (p = 0.219) and at the endocortical level were 17.22 ± 3.06% and 9.70 ± 2.07%, respectively (p = 0.052). Cortical porosity was 5.40 ± 0.41% in the teriparatide and 4.14 ± 0.40% in the SrR group (p = 0.037). Teriparatide induced significant increases from baseline in bone formation and resorption markers, reaching statistical significance for amino-terminal propeptide of type I collagen (PINP) after 1 mo (+57%, p &lt; 0.001). SrR induced small, but statistically significant, reductions from baseline in PINP at 3 (−14%, p = 0.005) and 6 mo (−19%, p &lt; 0.001) and in serum β-C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (β-CTX) at 1 and 3 mo (−11%, for both, p &lt; 0.05). There were more patients with adverse events after SrR (70%) than teriparatide (41%) treatment (p = 0.013). In conclusion, the changes in biochemical markers of bone formation confirmed bone-forming activity of teriparatide but not of SrR treatment. The effects of SrR on bone remodeling and cell activity were modest, indicating that its effects on fracture reduction may be predominantly mediated through a different mechanism than that observed with anabolic or more potent antiresorptive agents.
Suturing for Optimal Soft-Tissue Management
Authors: Silverstein Lee H. , Kurtzman Gregori M. , Shatz Peter C. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Establishing nontension primary wound closure of various soft tissue flaps is paramount for optimal postsurgical wound healing. Surgical procedures that require clinical flap manipulation, such as those used with traditional periodontal therapy, periodontal plastic cosmetic surgery, hard and soft tissue regeneration, and the excision of pathologic tissue, also require excellence in execution. Also paramount to clinical success is a thorough understanding of the various techniques of surgery, suturing, and the materials currently available to ensure the desired clinical results. This article will discuss the rationale of specific suturing techniques and suture materials to help the clinician obtain optimal wound closure.
Immunohistochemistry
Authors: Watkins Simon 
Published: April 2009

AbstractImmunohistochemistry is a vastly diverse and essential method for localization of proteins in cells and tissues. This unit presents methods for labeling proteins in suspension and adherent cultures and in tissue sections, using detection methods for both fluorescence and bright‐field microscopy. Choices of antibodies and detection methods are discussed, and detailed troubleshooting guidelines are provided. Curr. Protocol. Cytom. 48:12.16.1‐12.16.10. © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Vertical integration in the wine industry: a transaction costs analysis on the Rioja DOCa
Authors: Fernández‐Olmos Marta , Rosell‐Martínez Jorge , Espitia‐Escuer Manuel A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe authors study the determinants of make or buy decisions for grapes made by wineries belonging to the Rioja Qualified Designation of Origin (DOCa). In particular, they analyze the relationship between product quality and vertical integration. Although there is a long tradition in transaction cost theory of analyzing the determinants of make or buy decisions in manufacturing, surprisingly few empirical studies have been conducted in the agriculture and food and beverage industry. Likewise, although quality is a key competitive variable in many food sectors, only a few studies have analyzed quality in their models. The authors find that transaction costs and product quality provide a useful explanation of vertical integration in the wine industry in the Rioja DOCa. Wineries that produce high‐quality wines are more likely to integrate vertically than those producing low‐quality wines. They also find that the size of the winery significantly affects make or buy choices. Implications are explored for managers facing a governance mode choice. [EconLit Classifications: L220, Q130]. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rapid prototyping of paper‐based microfluidics with wax for low‐cost, portable bioassay
Authors: Lu Yao , Shi Weiwei , Jiang Lei , Qin Jianhua , Lin Bingcheng 
Published: April 2009

AbstractHere we present a simple and low‐cost production method to generate paper‐based microfluidic devices with wax for portable bioassay. The wax patterning method we introduced here included three different ways: (i) painting with a wax pen, (ii) printing with an inkjet printer followed by painting with a wax pen, (iii) printing by a wax printer directly. The whole process was easy to operate and could be finished within 5–10 min without the use of a clean room, UV lamp, organic solvent, etc. Horse radish peroxidase, BSA and glucose assays were conducted to verify the performance of wax‐patterned paper.
Self Assembling and Crosslinking of Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Films of Chitosan and Alginate Studied by QCM and IR Spectroscopy
Authors: Alves Natália M. , Picart Catherine , Mano João F. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe formation of novel biocompatible multilayer films based on the alternate deposition of CHI and ALG was investigated for the first time by QCM‐D and FTIR‐ATR. A linear increase of the thickness was found during the film build‐up. GLUT was used to crosslink the films terminated with either CHI or ALG. A change in the QCM‐D signal was observed just in the first case, indicating that crosslinking only takes place in the top CHI layer. The evolution of the dissipation factor during crosslinking was modelled with a first‐order kinetics; this reaction was found to be faster for chitosan terminated films with a lower number of multilayers. It was also found that more robust films could be produced by crosslinking the intermediate CHI layers during the build‐up.magnified image
Investigation of Discharge Dynamics and Chemical Kinetics in Microdischarges Generated in Nanosecond Multipin‐to‐Plane Pulsed N2/O2 Corona Systems
Authors: Aggadi Najia , Redolfi Michaël , Duten Xavier , Michau Armelle , Hassouni Khaled 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe dynamics and reactivity of streamer microdischarges in a 300 pin‐to‐plane pulsed corona device working in the nanosecond regime were investigated. Results showed that the physical characteristics of the streamer dynamics are sensitive to the voltage waveform. On the other hand, the discharge reactivity during the streamer phase is very little affected by this parameter. During this phase, the oxygen dissociation mainly occurs at the tip of the microdischarge. It appears, however, that the majority of oxygen dissociation processes take place during the post‐streamer phase. The dissociation yield of oxygen only depends on the amount of energy injected in the nanosecond pulsed corona.magnified image
Greening Garhwal through stakeholder engagement: the role of ecofeminism, community and the state in sustainable development
Authors: Pandey Anupam 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis paper highlights the critical role played by ecofeminism and stakeholder engagement in the region to depict a symbiotic relationship between women and forests that is critical in sustaining human and non‐human life in the Garhwal Himalayan region of India. While it uses ecofeminism to demonstrate the positive role of community in sustainable forestry and development, the chief aim of the paper is to highlight the need to go beyond the ‘civil society’ versus ‘state’ debate that has become rather popular in the development studies discourse. Instead, the paper posits the need for the two to work in active collusion, not only to be successful but also because it is what the subject/agent needs and demands. This paper is the result of field research by the author in the summer of 2004 in the Garhwal Himalayan region of India. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Blinded assessment of treatment effects utilizing information about the randomization block length
Authors: Miller Frank , Friede Tim , Kieser Meinhard 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIt is essential for the integrity of double‐blind clinical trials that during the study course the individual treatment allocations of the patients as well as the treatment effect remain unknown to any involved person. Recently, methods have been proposed for which it was claimed that they would allow reliable estimation of the treatment effect based on blinded data by using information about the block length of the randomization procedure. If this would hold true, it would be difficult to preserve blindness without taking further measures. The suggested procedures apply to continuous data. We investigate the properties of these methods thoroughly by repeated simulations per scenario. Furthermore, a method for blinded treatment effect estimation in case of binary data is proposed, and blinded tests for treatment group differences are developed both for continuous and binary data. We report results of comprehensive simulation studies that investigate the features of these procedures. It is shown that for sample sizes and treatment effects which are typical in clinical trials, no reliable inference can be made on the treatment group difference which is due to the bias and imprecision of the blinded estimates. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
BifunctionalN‐Oxides of Alkyldiamidoamines
Authors: Piasecki Andrzej , Wójcik Beata , Łuczyński Jacek , Piłakowska‐Pietras Dorota , Witek Stanisław , Krasowska Anna 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA homologous series of new surface‐active 1,1‐bis{[3‐(N,N‐dimethylamino)ethyl]‐amido}alkane‐di‐N‐oxides were synthesized in the reaction of an appropriate diethyl 2‐alkylmalonate withN,N‐dimethylethylenediamine followed by oxidation with an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide. The adsorption isotherms of their aqueous solutions were measured and evaluated to obtain adsorption parameters: critical micelle concentration (CMC), surface excess concentration (ΓCMC), equilibrium surface tension at the CMC (γCMC), cross‐sectional area of the adsorbed surfactant molecule (ACMC), standard free energies of adsorptionand micellization
REGULARITY OF CURVES WITH A CONTINUOUS TANGENT LINE
Authors: BURGUÉS J. M. , CUFÍ J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis note contains a proof of the fact that a Jordan curve in ℝ2 with a continuous tangent line at each point admits a regular reparameterization. We extend the result both to more general curves in ℝn and to higher orders of differentiability.
Thinking Beyond Language: Intervention for Severe Aphasia
Authors: Simmons-Mackie Nina 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPurpose: This article addresses several intervention approaches that aim to improve life for individuals with severe aphasia. Because severe aphasia significantly compromises language, often for the long term, recommended approaches focus on additional domains that affect quality of life. Treatments are discussed that involve increasing participation in personally relevant life situations, enhancing environmental support for communication and participation, and improving communicative confidence.Methods: Interventions that have been suggested in the aphasia literature as particularly appropriate for people with severe aphasia include training in total communication, training of communication partners, and activity specific training.Conclusion: Several intervention approaches can be implemented to enhance life with severe aphasia.
Christine de Pizan et les arts libéraux: un modèle a géométrie variable
Authors: Ribémont Bernard 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
On a souvent souligné l'attrait de Christine pour les sciences, et l'inscription de nombreuses références savantes dans son discours didactique a été étudiée à l'occasion de différents travaux. L'interprétation la plus courante de ce procédé ressortit à l'affirmation d'autorité de Christine. Le présent travail se propose de reconsidérer cette question, à l'aune de la façon dont Christine utilise la référence aux arts libéraux. On tentera de montrer que le système christinien est instable en la matière et inscrit, de fait, une profonde tension dans le didactisme christinien.
Transcription regulation of restriction-modification system Esp1396I
Authors: Bogdanova Ekaterina , Zakharova Marina , Streeter Simon , Taylor James E. N. , Heyduk Tomasz , Kneale Geoff , Severinov Konstantin 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
The convergently transcribed restriction (R) and methylase (M) genes of the Restriction–Modification system Esp1396I are tightly regulated by a controller (C) protein that forms part of the CR operon. We have mapped the transcriptional start sites from each promoter and examined the regulatory role of C.Esp1396I in vivo and in vitro. C-protein binding at the CR and M promoters was analyzed by DNA footprinting and a range of biophysical techniques. The distal and proximal C-protein binding sites at the CR promoter are responsible for activation and repression, respectively. In contrast, a C-protein dimer binds to a single site at the M-promoter to repress the gene, with an affinity much greater than for the CR promoter. Thus, during establishment of the system in a naïve host, the activity of the M promoter is turned off early, preventing excessive synthesis of methylase. Mutational analysis of promoter binding sites reveals that the tetranucleotide inverted repeats long believed to be important for C-protein binding to DNA are less significant than previously thought. Instead, symmetry-related elements outside of these repeats appear to be critical for the interaction and are discussed in terms of the recent crystal structure of C.Esp139I bound to the CR promoter.
Helobdella (Leech): A Model for Developmental Studies
Authors: Weisblat David A. , Kuo Dian-Han 
Published: April 2009

INTRODUCTIONHelobdella is a genus of freshwater leeches, several species of which have been used for developmental studies since the 1970s. Helobdella embryos have been used for cell-lineage tracing and dye-mediated photoablation, and they have also been very useful for studies in cellular neurobiology. In this article, we discuss the reasons that Helobdella is used for studying development and some of the questions that are addressed through the use of this organism.
Pressure Injection of Ilyanassa Snail Embryos
Authors: Gharbiah Maey , Cooley James , Leise Esther M. , Nakamoto Ayaki , Rabinowitz Jeremy S. , Lambert J. David , Nagy Lisa M. 
Published: April 2009

INTRODUCTIONThe marine gastropod Ilyanassa obsoleta is a long-standing and very useful model for studies of embryonic development. It is an especially important model for spiralian development, and for studies of asymmetric cell division. The embryos are amenable to classic embryological manipulation techniques, as well as a growing number of molecular approaches. Ilyanassa is also an important model for studies of metamorphosis, the ecology of parasitism, the effects of environmental contaminants on morphology and sexual function, and comparative neurobiology. Intracellular microinjection is an important tool, especially for lineage tracing and perturbations of specific genes by knockdown approaches and synthetic mRNA injections. Two methods for the introduction of lineage tracers into particular cells are routine in Ilyanassa. Iontophoresis of charged molecules, such as fluorophore-dextran conjugates can be accomplished using a simply built current generator. Injection of an oil-based solution containing the fluorescent probe 1,1-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethyl indocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI) is also straightforward. However, injection of oil-based solutions and iontophoresis have not been useful for delivering water-soluble reagents to perturb gene function, and pressure injection of aqueous solutions has been more challenging. This protocol describes a recently optimized procedure for the pressure injection of aqueous solutions into Ilyanassa embryos and zygotes with high rates of survival and normal development. The key parameters seem to be the injection needles, injection media, and the stage of injected embryos.
Immunostaining Helobdella (Leech) Embryos
Authors: Weisblat David A. , Kuo Dian-Han 
Published: April 2009

INTRODUCTIONThe purpose of this staining protocol is to detect the localization of specific antigens in the Helobdella (leech) embryo. Immunostaining protocols must be optimized for each antibody and embryonic stage. Here, as a starting point, we present a general-purpose immunostaining protocol. Immunostaining of the leech embryo can be performed on the intact embryo or on dissected parts. For post-gastrulation embryos (stages 9 and 10), if the area of interest is in the germinal plate, immunostaining can be performed on the dissected germinal plate. It can also be performed on the ventral nerve cords dissected from late-stage embryos or juveniles.