bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automatic dirt trail analysis in dermoscopy images
Authors: Cheng Beibei , Joe Stanley R. , Stoecker William V. , Osterwise Christopher T. P. , Stricklin Sherea M. , Hinton Kristen A. , Moss Randy H. , Oliviero Margaret , Rabinovitz Harold S. 
Published: January 2012

BackgroundBasal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common cancer in the US. Dermatoscopes are devices used by physicians to facilitate the early detection of these cancers based on the identification of skin lesion structures often specific to BCCs. One new lesion structure, referred to as dirt trails, has the appearance of dark gray, brown or black dots and clods of varying sizes distributed in elongated clusters with indistinct borders, often appearing as curvilinear trails.MethodsIn this research, we explore a dirt trail detection and analysis algorithm for extracting, measuring, and characterizing dirt trails based on size, distribution, and color in dermoscopic skin lesion images. These dirt trails are then used to automatically discriminate BCC from benign skin lesions.ResultsFor an experimental data set of 35 BCC images with dirt trails and 79 benign lesion images, a neural network‐based classifier achieved a 0.902 are under a receiver operating characteristic curve using a leave‐one‐out approach.ConclusionResults obtained from this study show that automatic detection of dirt trails in dermoscopic images of BCC is feasible. This is important because of the large number of these skin cancers seen every year and the challenge of discovering these earlier with instrumentation.
Computerised image analysis of vitiligo lesion: evaluation using manually defined lesion areas
Authors: Nugroho Hermawan , Ahmad Fadzil M. Hani , Shamsudin Norashikin , Hussein S. H. 
Published: January 2012

BackgroundVitiligo is a cutaneous pigmentary disorder characterized by depigmented macules and patches that result from loss of epidermal melanocytes. Physician evaluates the efficacy of treatment by comparing the extent of vitiligo lesions before and after treatment based on the overall visual impression of the treatment response. This method is called the physician's global assessment (PGA) which is subjective. In this article, we present an innovative digital image processing method to determine vitiligo lesion area in an objective manner.MethodThe digital method uses Independent Component Analysis (ICA) to generate melanin‐based images representing skin areas due to melanin followed by Region Growing process to segment vitiligo lesion from normal skin.ResultsBased on 41 digital images of vitiligo lesions taken from 18 patients, the proposed method achieved sensitivities of 0.9105 ± 0.0161, specificities of 0.9973 ± 0.0009 and accuracies of 0.9901 ± 0.0028 at 95% confidence level.ConclusionWith the proposed method, physicians are able to assess vitiligo treatment efficacies objectively.
Management of maxillary alveolar bone fracture and severely intruded maxillary central incisor: report of a case
Authors: Yonezawa Hisanobu , Yanamoto Souichi , Hoshino Tomonori , Yamada Shin‐Ichi , Fujiwara Taku , Umeda Masahiro 
Published: January 2012

Abstract – An 11‐year‐old male who injured his maxilla and right maxillary central incisor and lip during a fall was presented to our hospital. His lower lip and upper gingiva were lacerated with swelling and epistaxis, and he had a maxillary alveolar bone fracture and severe intrusion of the right maxillary central incisor, which had penetrated the floor of the nasal cavity with avulsion. Under local anesthesia, we repositioned the incisor and bone segment and fixed them with a titanium micromesh plate and self‐tapping screws and splints. The incisor was also treated by root canal 3 days after the operation and was restored with a crown. We performed root canal filling 1 month later. Five months later, the plate and screws were removed. In prognosis of our case, no symptoms of inflammatory root resorption or ankylosis have observed for more than 1 year and 6 months of follow up based on both clinical and radiographic findings.
Acute administration of GLP-1 receptor agonists induces hypolocomotion but not anxiety in mice
Authors: Krass Maarja , Rünkorg Kertu , Vasar Eero , Volke Vallo 
Published: January 2012

Krass M, Rünkorg K, Vasar E, Volke V. Acute administration of GLP-1 receptor agonists induces hypolocomotion but not anxiety in mice.Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the behavioural and hormonal effects of systemic (subcutaneous) treatment with glucaemically equipotent doses of exenatide and liraglutide in mice.Methods: The effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists were determined on anxiety level in the light–dark compartment test, the motor activity in automated activity cages and finally the forced swimming test was performed.Results: Both exenatide (1–20 µg/kg) and liraglutide (200–1200 µg/kg) decreased the glucose levels up to 30% in freely fed animals. In glucaemically equipotent doses the drugs induced very similar behavioural and hormonal effects: there was no change on anxiety level or immobility time, however, both drugs suppressed motor activity and increased corticosterone levels.Conclusion: We conclude that the two clinically approved GLP-1 receptor agonists induce very similar suppression of motor activity and stimulation of corticosterone release in mice.
Randomized Controlled Trial to Compare Two Bone Substitutes in the Treatment of Bony Dehiscences
Authors: Van Assche Nele , Michels Sofie , Naert Ignace , Quirynen Marc 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTAim: This in vivo split‐mouth randomized controlled trial compared a synthetic bone substitute with a bovine bone mineral to cover bone dehiscences after implant insertion.Materials and Methods: Fourteen patients received four to six implants to support an overdenture. Two comparable dehiscences within the same patient were first covered with a layer of autogenous bone, followed by a layer of either Bio‐Oss® (group 1; Geistlich Pharma AG, Wolhusen, Switzerland) or Straumann BoneCeramic® (group 2; Institut Straumann AG, Basel, Switzerland) and sealed by a resorbable membrane. The change in vertical dimension of the defect was measured at implant placement and at abutment connection (6.5 months). Clinical and radiological parameters were evaluated up to 1 year of loading.Results: The vertical size of the defect at surgery was 6.4 ± 1.6 mm for group 1 and 6.4 ± 2.2 mm for group 2 sites, measured from the implant shoulder. After 6.5 months, the depth of the defect was reduced to 1.5 ± 1.2 mm and 1.9 ± 1.2 mm for group 1 and group 2 sites, respectively (p > 0.05). No implants failed during follow‐up. Mean marginal bone loss over the SLActive surface was 0.94 mm (group 1), 0.81 mm (group 2), and 0.93 mm (group 3, no dehiscence) after 1 year of loading.Conclusion: Both bone substitutes behaved equally effectively.
Four Modalities of Single Implant Treatment in the Anterior Maxilla: A Clinical, Radiographic, and Aesthetic Evaluation
Authors: Cosyn Jan , Eghbali Aryan , Hanselaer Lore , De Rouck Tim , Wyn Iris , Sabzevar Mehran Moradi , Cleymaet Roberto , De Bruyn Hugo 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTPurpose: To document the outcome of single implants in the anterior maxilla following four routine treatment modalities when performed by experienced clinicians in daily practice using the same implant system and biomaterials.Material and Methods: A retrospective study in patients who had been treated by two periodontists and two prosthodontists in 2006 and 2007 was conducted. The four treatment modalities practically covered every clinical situation and included standard implant treatment (SIT), immediate implant treatment (IIT), implant treatment in conjunction with guided bone regeneration (GBR), and implant treatment in grafted bone (BGR) harvested from the chin. All implants were installed via flap surgery. Patients were clinically and radiographically examined. Complications were registered and the aesthetic outcome (pink esthetic score [PES] and white esthetic score [WES]) was rated. A blinded clinician who had not been involved in the treatment performed all evaluations. Patient's aesthetic satisfaction was also registered.Results: One hundred four out of 115 eligible patients (44 SIT, 28 IIT, 18 GBR, and 14 BGR) received at least one single NobelReplace tapered TiUnite® (Nobel Biocare, Göteborg, Sweden) implant in the anterior maxilla and were available for evaluation. Clinical parameters (implant survival: 93%, mean plaque level: 24%, mean bleeding on probing: 33%, and mean probing depth: 3.2 mm) and mean bone level (1.19 mm) did not differ significantly between treatment modalities. Postoperative complications were more common following GBR/BGR (>61%) when compared with SIT/IIT (<18%) (p < .001). BGR was in 4/14 patients associated with permanent sensory complications at the donor site. Technical complications occurred in 9/104 patients. SIT and IIT showed similar soft tissue aesthetics (PES: 10.07 and 10.88, respectively), however major alveolar process deficiency was common (>15%). PES was 9.65 for GBR. BGR showed inferior soft tissue aesthetics (PES: 9.00; p = .045) and shorter distal papillae were found following GBR/BGR (p = .009). Periodontal disease (odds ratio [OR]: 13.0, p < .001), GBR/BGR (OR: 4.3, p = .004), and a thin‐scalloped gingival biotype (OR: 3.7, p = .011) increased the risk for incomplete distal papillae. WES was 7.98 for all patients considered. Poor agreement was found between objective and subjective aesthetic ratings.Conclusions: All treatment modalities were predictable from a clinical and radiographic point of view. However, advanced reconstructive surgery, especially BGR, increased the risk for complications and compromised aesthetics. Research is required on the prevention and minimally invasive treatment of buccal bone defects at the time of tooth loss to avoid complex therapy.
Biomechanical and Bone Histomorphological Evaluation of Two Surfaces on Tapered and Cylindrical Root Form Implants: An Experimental Study in Dogs
Authors: Negri Bruno , Calvo‐Guirado José Luis , Maté Sánchez de Val José Eduardo , Delgado Ruiz Rafael Arcesio , Ramírez Fernández María Piedad , Gómez Moreno Gerardo , Aguilar Salvatierra Antonio , Guardia Javier , Muñoz Guzón Fernando 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTPurpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the early bone response of tapered and cylindrical root form implants with two different surface treatments in fresh extraction sockets after 4 and 8 weeks.Materials and Methods: Surface treatments and implant design comprised (n = 9 each): tapered with dual acid‐etched surface; tapered with dual acid‐etched and sandblasted surface (T DAE SB); cylindrical with dual acid‐etched surface (C DAE); and cylindrical with dual acid‐etched and sandblasted surface (C DAE SB). Implants were placed in the distal sockets of mandibular premolars (2P2,3P3,4P4) of six beagle dogs, remaining in vivo for 4 and 8 weeks. After sacrifice, the implants were subjected to torque to the point of interface fracture and subsequently nondecalcified for histomorphological study. Statistical analysis was performed by a General Linear Model (GLM) analysis of variance model with a significance level of 5%.Results: Torque to interface fracture was significantly greater for the C DAE SB group than for the other groups (p < .001). Histomorphological analysis showed woven bone formation around all implant surfaces at 4 weeks and its replacement by lamellar bone at 8 weeks. Study time (4 or 8 weeks) did not affect torque measures.Conclusions: The double acid‐etched and sandblasted sample surface increased early bone biomechanical fixation of both cylindrical and tapered root form implants. The cylindrical root form implants showed higher torque to interface fracture values when compared with the tapered root form implants. The C DAE SB surface group showed the highest biomechanical fixation values (p < .001).
Electrical Mallet Provides Essential Advantages in Maxillary Bone Condensing. A Prospective Clinical Study
Authors: Crespi Roberto , Capparè Paolo , Gherlone Enrico 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTPurpose: The aim of this study was to compare the use of hand mallet versus electrical mallet (magnetic mallet, Meta‐Ergonomica, Turbigo, Milan, Italy) in osteotome‐assisted surgery for condensing bone procedure in edentulous molar and premolar maxillary regions.Materials and Methods: Patients edentulous in maxillary premolar and molar regions with type 3 or 4 bone were enrolled in this prospective clinical study. The patients were randomly divided in two groups: in the test group, the implant site was prepared with osteotomes pushed by magnetic mallet, while in the control group, the implant site was performed with osteotomes pressed by hand mallet. Intraoral digital radiographic measurements were reported at 6, 12, and 24 months.Results: Thirty‐six patients were enrolled in the study. Eighteen patients (21 women and 15 men) were included in the test group and 18 patients in the control group. The mean patient age was 56.1 years (range 41–71 years). Fifty dental implants were placed. In 10 cases, five in control and five in test group, sinus elevation was performed. After 24 months follow‐up, a survival rate of 96.0% was reported. In the control group, two patients claimed benign paroxysmal positional vertigo following the use of osteotomes with hand hammer. Marginal bone levels remained stable over time for both groups, and not statistically significant differences were found. After 12 months, the bone height incremented in both groups and, at 24 months, was stable. Statistical analysis reported not statistically significant differences between test and control group.Conclusions: These results demonstrated a stable marginal bone levels over time and a significant increase in bone height between 6 and 12 months in osteotome technique (not sinus elevation). The use of magnetic mallet provided some essential clinical advantages during surgical procedure in comparison with hand mallet.
The Influence of Habitat, Season, and Detectability on Abundance Estimates across an Amazonian Parrot Assemblage
Authors: Lee Alan T. K. , Marsden Stuart J. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe Amazon basin holds very high parrot species richness but almost nothing is known of parrot population densities in the region or how these vary between species, habitats, sites, and seasons. Such data are becoming important as humans impact on increasing areas of the region. Seventeen parrot species were surveyed using a line transect distance sampling method over 3 yr in floodplain andterra firmeforests at two sites in the Tambopata region of southeast Peru. Density estimates for most species were in the range of 3.3–7.8/km2, withBrotogeris cyanopteraandAmazona farinosareaching densities of 22 and 23/km2in floodplain forest during the dry season. Parrot densities were higher in floodplain forest than interra firmeforest at both sites. The parrot communities ofterra firmeforests were similar across sites and seasons, but those in floodplain forests differed widely across sites and across seasons. Upper canopy birds are notoriously difficult to survey. We introduce a procedure to correct for the likely violation of the assumption that all birds on the transect line are detected (distance sampling assumption g(0) = 1). We correct g(0) based on calling rates of birds using a cue‐counting technique. Multipliers for g(0) differ across species and site, but not season. This method yielded density estimates on average 22 percent higher (6–40% higher in individual species) than those from the standard method.
Genetic and molecular characterization of uveal melanoma cell lines
Authors: Griewank K. G. , Yu X. , Khalili J. , Sozen M. M. , Stempke‐Hale K. , Bernatchez C. , Wardell S. , Bastian B. C. , Woodman S. E. 
Published: January 2012

SummaryThe recent identification of frequent activating mutations in GNAQ or GNA11 in uveal melanoma provides an opportunity to better understand the pathogenesis of this melanoma subtype and to develop rational therapeutics to target the cellular effects mediated by these mutations. Cell lines from uveal melanoma tumors are an essential tool for these types of analyses. We report the mutation status of relevant melanoma genes, expression levels of proteins of interest, and DNA fingerprinting of a panel of uveal melanoma cell lines used in the research community.
One size fits all? Gender as an issue in obesity
Authors: Ciblis A. , Dooley B. , Eldin N. 
Published: January 2012

SummaryThis study investigated differences in the psychopathology of severely obese men and women in primary care in the North East of Ireland in comparison to clinical and community norms. One hundred thirty‐eight participants (31.2% male and 68.8% female) were measured on eating disorders, depression, anxiety, self‐concept and quality of life using standard self‐report instruments. On the Eating Disorder Inventory, male and female scores on body dissatisfaction and female scores on bulimia were elevated to a degree that they did not differ significantly from clinical norms (P < 0.05). Female scores on the personal and social domains of self‐concept fell significantly below community norms, whereas male scores on the same domains matched community levels. Significantly, more women than men scored in the severe range for depression and anxiety. Most female scores on the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire corresponded to clinical levels. Male participants reported higher quality of life overall. The findings suggest that gender differences should be considered regarding interventions, and that gender‐specific treatment approaches might improve treatment outcomes. Moreover, screening for depression and anxiety ought to be part of obesity care for women.
Surface Elasticity Effects Can Apparently Be Explained Via Their
Nonconservativeness
Authors: Challamel Noël , Elishakoff Isaac 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Recently, considerable attention has been given to investigating the surface effects on nanoscale materials. These effects can be predominant for small-scale structures, such as nanobeams, nanoplates, and nanoshells. In this paper, surface elasticity effects are considered for small scale beam structures based on the Laplace–Young equation, which results in an equivalent distributed loading term in the beam equation. We show that these effects are explained by their nonconservative nature that can be essentially modeled as a follower tensile loading for inextensible beams. The buckling and vibrations of small scale beams in the presence of surface elasticity effects is studied for various boundary conditions. It is shown that the surface elasticity effects may significantly affect the buckling and vibrations behavior of small scale beams. For clamped-free boundary conditions, we show that the buckling load is reduced compared to the one without this surface effect. This result is consistent with some recent numerical results based on surface Cauchy–Born model and with experimental results available in the literature. It appears that this result cannot be obtained if surface elasticity effects are modeled as a conservative-type loading. For other boundary conditions such as hinge–hinge and clamped–clamped boundary conditions, the results are identical to the ones already published. We explain in this paper the surprising results observed in the literature that surface elasticity effects may soften a nanostructure for some specific boundary conditions (due to the nonconservative nature of its loading application). The same conclusions are obtained for the vibrations of small scale beams with surface elasticity effects, where the natural frequency tends to decrease with surface elasticity effects for clamped-free conditions.
Application of Novel PCR-Based Methods for Detection, Quantitation, and Phylogenetic Characterization of
Sutterella
Species in Intestinal Biopsy Samples from Children with Autism and Gastrointestinal Disturbances
Authors: Williams Brent L. , Hornig Mady , Parekh Tanmay , Lipkin W. Ian 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACT

Gastrointestinal disturbances are commonly reported in children with autism and may be associated with compositional changes in intestinal bacteria. In a previous report, we surveyed intestinal microbiota in ileal and cecal biopsy samples from children with autism and gastrointestinal dysfunction (AUT-GI) and children with only gastrointestinal dysfunction (Control-GI). Our results demonstrated the presence of members of the family
Alcaligenaceae
in some AUT-GI children, while no Control-GI children had
Alcaligenaceae
sequences. Here we demonstrate that increased levels of
Alcaligenaceae
in intestinal biopsy samples from AUT-GI children result from the presence of high levels of members of the genus
Sutterella
. We also report the first
Sutterella
-specific PCR assays for detecting, quantitating, and genotyping
Sutterella
species in biological and environmental samples.
Sutterella
16S rRNA gene sequences were found in 12 of 23 AUT-GI children but in none of 9 Control-GI children. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a predominance of either
Sutterella wadsworthensis
or
Sutterella stercoricanis
in 11 of the individual
Sutterella
-positive AUT-GI patients; in one AUT-GI patient,
Sutterella
sequences were obtained that could not be given a species-level classification based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences of known
Sutterella
isolates. Western immunoblots revealed plasma IgG or IgM antibody reactivity to
Sutterella wadsworthensis
antigens in 11 AUT-GI patients, 8 of whom were also PCR positive, indicating the presence of an immune response to
Sutterella
in some children.

IMPORTANCE
Autism spectrum disorders affect ~1% of the population. Many children with autism have gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances that can complicate clinical management and contribute to behavioral problems. Understanding the molecular and microbial underpinnings of these GI issues is of paramount importance for elucidating pathogenesis, rendering diagnosis, and administering informed treatment. Here we describe an association between high levels of intestinal, mucoepithelial-associated
Sutterella
species and GI disturbances in children with autism. These findings elevate this little-recognized bacterium to the forefront by demonstrating that
Sutterella
is a major component of the microbiota in over half of children with autism and gastrointestinal dysfunction (AUT-GI) and is absent in children with only gastrointestinal dysfunction (Control-GI) evaluated in this study. Furthermore, these findings bring into question the role
Sutterella
plays in the human microbiota in health and disease. With the
Sutterella
-specific molecular assays described here, some of these questions can begin to be addressed.