bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non‐coding RNAs to treat vascular smooth muscle cell dysfunction
Authors: Brown Simon D. , Klimi Eftychia , Bakker Wilfried A. M. , Beqqali Abdelaziz , Baker Andrew H. 
Published: May 2024

Vascular smooth muscle cell (vSMC) dysfunction is a critical contributor to cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, restenosis and vein graft failure. Recent advances have unveiled a fascinating range of non‐coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that play a pivotal role in regulating vSMC function. This review aims to provide an in‐depth analysis of the mechanisms underlying vSMC dysfunction and the therapeutic potential of various ncRNAs in mitigating this dysfunction, either preventing or reversing it. We explore the intricate interplay of microRNAs, long‐non‐coding RNAs and circular RNAs, shedding light on their roles in regulating key signalling pathways associated with vSMC dysfunction. We also discuss the prospects and challenges associated with developing ncRNA‐based therapies for this prevalent type of cardiovascular pathology.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue Non‐coding RNA Therapeutics. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v182.2/issuetoc
Clinical and genetic investigation of 14 families with various forms of short stature syndromes
Authors: Khan Fati Ullah , Khan Hammal , Ullah Kifayat , Nawaz Shoaib , Abdullah  , Khan Muhammad Javed , Ahmed Sohail , Ilyas Muhammad , Ali Amjad , Ullah Imran , Sohail Aamir , Hussain Shabir , Ahmad Farooq , Faisal  , Sufyan Raza , Hayat Amir , Hanif Tooba , Bibi Fatima , Hayat Maria , Ullah Rehmat , Khan Inam Ullah , Ali Raja Hussain , Hasni Muhammad Sharif , Ali Hamid , Bilal Muhammad , Peralta Susana , Buchert Rebecca , Zehri Zamrud , Hassan Gul , Liaqat Khurrum , Zahid Muhammad , Shah Khadim , Mikitie Outi , Haack Tobias B. , Ji Weizhen , Lakhani Saquib A. , Ansar Muhammad , Ahmad Wasim 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSkeletal dysplasias are a heterogeneous group of disorders presenting mild to lethal defects. Several factors, such as genetic, prenatal, and postnatal environmental may contribute to reduced growth. Fourteen families of Pakistani origin, presenting the syndromic form of short stature either in the autosomal recessive or autosomal dominant manner were clinically and genetically investigated to uncover the underlying genetic etiology. Homozygosity mapping, whole exome sequencing, and Sanger sequencing were used to search for the disease‐causing gene variants. In total, we have identified 13 sequence variants in 10 different genes. The variants in the HSPG2 and XRCC4 genes were not reported previously in the Pakistani population. This study will expand the mutation spectrum of the identified genes and will help in improved diagnosis of the syndromic form of short stature in the local population.
Tracking the Cognitive Band in an Open‐Ended Task
Authors: Anderson John R. , Betts Shawn , Bothell Daniel , Dimov Cvetomir M. , Fincham Jon M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOpen‐ended tasks can be decomposed into the three levels of Newell's Cognitive Band: the Unit‐Task level, the Operation level, and the Deliberate‐Act level. We analyzed the video game Co‐op Space Fortress at these levels, reporting both the match of a cognitive model to subject behavior and the use of electroencephalogram (EEG) to track subject cognition. The Unit Task level in this game involves coordinating with a partner to kill a fortress. At this highest level of the Cognitive Band, there is a good match between subject behavior and the model. The EEG signals were also strong enough to track when Unit Tasks succeeded or failed. The intermediate Operation level in this task involves legs of flight to achieve a kill. The EEG signals associated with these operations are much weaker than the signals associated with the Unit Tasks. Still, it was possible to reconstruct subject play with much better than chance success. There were significant differences in the leg behavior of subjects and models. Model behavior did not provide a good basis for interpreting a subject's behavior at this level. At the lowest Deliberate‐Act level, we observed overlapping key actions, which the model did not display. Such overlapping key actions also frustrated efforts to identify EEG signals of motor actions. We conclude that the Unit‐task level is the appropriate level both for understanding open‐ended tasks and for using EEG to track the performance of open‐ended tasks.
Melatonin promotes hair regeneration by modulating the Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway
Authors: Niu Yi‐Lin , Li Yu‐Kang , Gao Chen‐Xi , Li Wen‐Wen , Li Li , Wang Han , Shen Wei , Ge Wei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMelatonin (MLT) is a circadian hormone that reportedly influences the development and cyclic growth of secondary hair follicles; however, the mechanism of regulation remains unknown. Here, we systematically investigated the role of MLT in hair regeneration using a hair depilation mouse model. We found that MLT supplementation significantly promoted hair regeneration in the hair depilation mouse model, whereas supplementation of MLT receptor antagonist luzindole significantly suppressed hair regeneration. By analysing gene expression dynamics between the MLT group and luzindole‐treated groups, we revealed that MLT supplementation significantly up‐regulated Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway‐related genes. In‐depth analysis of the expression of key molecules in the Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway revealed that MLT up‐regulated the Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway in dermal papillae (DP), whereas these effects were facilitated through mediating Wnt ligand expression levels in the hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). Using a DP‐HFSCs co‐culture system, we verified that MLT activated Wnt/β‐catenin signalling in DPs when co‐cultured with HFSCs, whereas supplementation of DP cells with MLT alone failed to activate Wnt/β‐catenin signalling. In summary, our work identified a critical role for MLT in promoting hair regeneration and will have potential implications for future hair loss treatment in humans.
ADAR1 promotes cisplatin resistance in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma by regulating BRCA2 expression through A‐to‐I editing manner
Authors: Liu Qi , Huang Chen‐Song , Chen Siyun , Zhu Ying‐Qin , Huang Xi‐Tai , Zhao Guang‐Yin , Xu Qiong‐Cong , Shi Yin‐Hao , Li Wen , Wang Ruizhi , Yin Xiao‐Yu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAberrant A‐to‐I RNA editing, mediated by ADAR1 has been found to be associated with increased tumourigenesis and the development of chemotherapy resistance in various types of cancer. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is a highly aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis, and overcoming chemotherapy resistance poses a significant clinical challenge. This study aimed to clarify the roles of ADAR1 in tumour resistance to cisplatin in iCCA. We discovered that ADAR1 expression is elevated in iCCA patients, particularly in those resistant to cisplatin, and associated with poor clinical outcomes. Downregulation of ADAR1 can increase the sensitivity of iCCA cells to cisplatin treatment, whereas its overexpression has the inverse effect. By integrating RNA sequencing and Sanger sequencing, we identified BRCA2, a critical DNA damage repair gene, as a downstream target of ADAR1 in iCCA. ADAR1 mediates the A‐to‐I editing in BRCA2 3′UTR, inhibiting miR‐3157‐5p binding, consequently increasing BRCA2 mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, ADAR1 enhances cellular DNA damage repair ability and facilitates cisplatin resistance in iCCA cells. Combining ADAR1 targeting with cisplatin treatment markedly enhances the anticancer efficacy of cisplatin. In conclusion, ADAR1 promotes tumour progression and cisplatin resistance of iCCA. ADAR1 targeting could inform the development of innovative combination therapies for iCCA.
Association between recent exposure to continuous glucose monitoring‐recorded hypoglycaemia and counterregulatory and symptom responses to subsequent controlled hypoglycaemia in people with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Svensson Cecilie H. , Fabricius Therese W. , Verhulst Clementine E. M. , Kristensen Peter L. , Tack Cees J. , Heller Simon R. , Amiel Stephanie A. , McCrimmon Rory J. , Evans Mark , Holst Jens J. , de Galan Bastiaan E. , Pedersen‐Bjergaard Ulrik ,   the Hypo‐RESOLVE consortium
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimExperimental hypoglycaemia blunts the counterregulatory hormone and symptom responses to a subsequent episode of hypoglycaemia. In this study, we aimed to assess the associations between antecedent exposure and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)‐recorded hypoglycaemia during a 1‐week period and the counterregulatory responses to subsequent experimental hypoglycaemia in people with type 1 diabetes.Materials and MethodsForty‐two people with type 1 diabetes (20 females, mean ± SD glycated haemoglobin 7.8% ± 1.0%, diabetes duration median (interquartile range) 22.0 (10.5‐34.9) years, 29 CGM users, and 19 with impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia) wore an open intermittently scanned CGM for 1 week to detect hypoglycaemic exposure before a standardized hyperinsulinaemic‐hypoglycaemic [2.8 ± 0.1 mmol/L (50.2 ± 2.3 mg/dl)] glucose clamp. Symptom responses and counterregulatory hormones were measured during the clamp. The study is part of the HypoRESOLVE project.ResultsCGM‐recorded hypoglycaemia in the week before the clamp was negatively associated with adrenaline response [β −0.09, 95% CI (−0.16, −0.02) nmol/L, p = .014], after adjusting for CGM use, awareness of hypoglycaemia, glycated haemoglobin and total daily insulin dose. This was driven by level 2 hypoglycaemia [<3.0 mmol/L (54 mg/dl)] [β −0.21, 95% CI (−0.41, −0.01) nmol/L, p = .034]. CGM‐recorded hypoglycaemia was negatively associated with total, autonomic, and neuroglycopenic symptom responses, but these associations were lost after adjusting for potential confounders.ConclusionsRecent exposure to CGM‐detected hypoglycaemia was independently associated with an attenuated adrenaline response to experimental hypoglycaemia in people with type 1 diabetes.
Judicial institutional design and corporate litigation: Evidence from a natural experiment in China
Authors: Lu Shengfeng , Tian Hui , Zhao Yan , Sun Yukun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe judicial institutions of a country impact corporate litigation. From 2003 to 2010, China allowed the appointed secretaries of the Committee of Political and Legislative Affairs to hold concurrent administrative roles (CAR) as directors of the Police Departments in their respective provinces. Such a policy provides a natural experiment on the change of the judicial environment. In this paper, we employ a Staggered Difference‐in‐Differences method to study the effect of changes in judicial institution on corporate litigation using data on publicly traded corporations from 1998 to 2010. We find corporations engage in fewer corporate litigations during the time period of China's CAR policy (i.e., when judicial justice was likely weaker). Further analysis shows that the probability of winning lawsuits increases for non‐state‐owned enterprises. Mechanism analysis shows that the CAR policy heightens the uncertainty of economic policies by changing companies' perceptions of the status of political and legal institutions in the judicial system, thereby reducing corporate judicial participation.
How accurate do self‐reported seizures need to be for effective medication management in epilepsy?
Authors: Goldenholz Daniel , Brinkmann Benjamin H. , Westover M. Brandon 
Published: May 2024

AbstractStudies suggest that self‐reported seizure diaries suffer from 50% under‐reporting on average. It is unknown to what extent this impacts medication management. This study used simulation to predict the seizure outcomes of a large heterogeneous clinic population treated with a standardized algorithm based on self‐reported seizures. Using CHOCOLATES, a state‐of‐the‐art realistic seizure diary simulator, 100 000 patients were simulated over 10 years. A standard algorithm for medication management was employed at 3 month intervals for all patients. The impact on true seizure rates, expected seizure rates, and time‐to‐steady‐dose were computed for self‐reporting sensitivities 0%–100%. Time‐to‐steady‐dose and medication use mostly did not depend on sensitivity. True seizure rate decreased minimally with increasing self‐reporting in a non‐linear fashion, with the largest decreases at low sensitivity rates (0%–10%). This study suggests that an extremely wide range of sensitivity will have similar seizure outcomes when patients are clinically treated using an algorithm similar to the one presented. Conversely, patients with sensitivity ≤10% would be expected to benefit (via lower seizure rates) from objective devices that provide even small improvements in seizure sensitivity.
Recreational fisheries selectively capture and harvest large predators
Authors: Flink Henrik , Sundblad Göran , Merilä Juha , Tibblin Petter 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSize‐ and species‐selective harvest inevitably alters the composition of targeted populations and communities. This can potentially harm fish stocks, ecosystem functionality, and related services, as evidenced in numerous commercial fisheries. The high popularity of rod‐and‐reel recreational fishing, practiced by hundreds of millions globally, raises concerns about similar deteriorating effects. Despite its prevalence, the species and size selectivity of recreational fisheries remain largely unquantified due to a lack of combined catch data and fisheries‐independent surveys. This study addresses this gap by using standardised monitoring data and over 60,000 digital angling catch reports from 62 distinct fisheries. The findings demonstrate a pronounced selectivity in recreational fisheries, targeting top predators and large individuals. Catch‐and‐release practices reduced the overall harvest by 60% but did not substantially alter this selectivity. The strong species‐ and size‐specific selectivity mirror patterns observed in other fisheries, emphasising the importance of managing the potential adverse effects of recreational fisheries selective mortality and overfishing.
Metabolic rate of two invasive Ponto‐Caspian goby species and their native competitors in the context of global warming
Authors: Kłosiński Piotr , Kobak Jarosław , Kakareko Tomasz 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

In connection with the expansion of alien gobies in European waters, a question arises whether this process can be enhanced or inhibited by global warming. The gobies are of Ponto‐Caspian origin, where the climate is warmer than in invaded European areas. Therefore, they are likely to cope physiologically with climate warming better than native species. Our aim was to identify differences in metabolic traits under elevated summer temperature between the invasive gobies and their native counterparts.

Using a laboratory respirometer, we compared the effect of elevated summer temperature (25 vs. 17°C) on the metabolic responses of fish in two species pairs consisting of an invasive goby versus its native counterpart from the same ecological guild: the invasive racer goby Babka gymnotrachelus versus native European bullhead Cottus gobio, and the invasive monkey goby Neogobius fluviatilis versus native gudgeon Gobio gobio. The paired species share functional traits, including morphological characteristics, despite belonging to different fish families. After 4 weeks of acclimation, standard metabolic rate (SMR), maximum metabolic rate (MMR) and aerobic scope (AS = MMR–SMR) of the fish were determined.

We found that SMR increased under elevated temperature irrespective of species, yet it was always lower in the gobies than in natives. The MMR of the racer goby was lower than that of the bullhead across all temperatures, whereas no differences in MMR were found between the gudgeon and monkey goby. On the one hand, the elevated temperature did not affect the AS of the racer goby and bullhead. However, the AS of the racer goby was consistently lower than that of the bullhead across all temperatures. On the other, elevated temperature caused a decrease in AS in both the monkey goby and gudgeon. However, this temperature‐induced change in AS was higher in the gudgeon than in the monkey goby.

In terms of AS, the invaders did not always outperform the natives at higher temperatures. However, the invaders had lower living costs by maintaining a lower SMR. These results suggest that invasion by gobies may be facilitated by global warming, which is likely to increase their occurrence and effect on local fish communities in freshwater temperate systems.
Optimization of a TEOS addition on plasma resistance of YAG ceramics
Authors: Zhao Cheng‐Cai , Kim Eun‐Bi , Park Young‐Jo , Logesh Govindasamy , Kim Mi‐Ju , Lee Jae‐Wook , Ma Ho Jin , Kim Ha‐Neul , Ko Jae‐Woong , Yoon Seog‐Young 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe influence of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) on the plasma etching behavior of yttrium aluminum garnet (Y3Al5O12, yttrium aluminum garnet [YAG]) was systematically studied. Dense YAG bulk specimens were hot‐press sintered at a relatively low temperature of 1450°C for 2 h under 20 MPa, using TEOS as a sintering additive. The etching properties of YAG ceramics, doped with different TEOS contents, were evaluated using an inductively coupled plasma etcher with an incident plasma power of 1500 W for up to 2 h. It was observed that the addition of .3 wt.% TEOS optimally reduced the surface roughness of YAG ceramics post‐plasma etching. Transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray fluorescence tests clarified that a densification‐promoting TEOS‐induced residual Si‐rich phase at the triple junction for the over‐doped TEOS (≥.5 wt.%) specimen acts as a pit‐initiation site during plasma etching, which eventually results in increased surface roughness.
Preparation and property of porous calcium silicate ceramic by two‐step ultrafast high‐temperature sintering
Authors: Liu Qiang , Guo Shichang , Leng Senlin , Zhang Hong , Cao Zhenzhu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPorous calcium silicate ceramic has been prepared by ultrafast high‐temperature process in several minutes. The effect of sintering current and starch content on the phase composition, pore structure, compressive strength, and air permeability have been investigated. Homogeneous pores can be formed during the fast decomposition of calcium silicate hydrate, calcium carbonate, and starch. The optimized composition shows the high compressive strength (over 7 MPa), porosity (60.8%), and air permeability (379.4 L/m2 s). Results showed that the ultrafast high‐temperature sintering method can achieve homogenous porous structure in much shorter time than conventional furnace sintering.
Impacto de las políticas fiscales y laborales en el trabajo autónomo. Nueva evidencia sobre Europa
Authors: ÉGERT Balázs , MOUROUGANE Annabelle 
Published: May 2024

ResumenSe analizan las políticas fiscales y laborales que afectan al trabajo autónomo en los países europeos de la OCDE, mediante regresiones de panel entre series no estacionarias del periodo 1995‐2022. El impacto es heterogéneo según las formas de trabajo autónomo y se examina su correlación con las políticas en las dimensiones de género, edad y calificación profesional. La variación a largo plazo de la proporción de trabajo autónomo sin empleados muestra una robusta correlación con el salario mínimo y la legislación de protección del empleo; si hay empleados, la proporción varía con la cuña fiscal y las prestaciones por desempleo. La desindustrialización se correlaciona positivamente con el trabajo autónomo, que presenta algunas características procíclicas.
Laser‐induced self‐propagating synthesis and electromagnetic wave absorption properties of MoAlB powders
Authors: Li Tao , Xie Houbo , Yang Guodong , Wu Jinbo , Li Yage , Li Faliang , Zhang Haijun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMoAlB powders with a purity of 96 wt.% were successfully fabricated by a laser‐induced self‐propagating method using molybdenum boride (MoB) and aluminum powders as starting materials under the conditions of an n(MoB): n(Al) ratio of 1.0:1.4 and the laser linear energy density (El) of 0.9 J/mm, and the effect of raw material composition and El on the phase composition and microstructure of the resultant MoAlB powders were investigated. The minimum reflection loss (RLmin) value and effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of the as‐prepared MoAlB absorber with a thickness of 5.0 mm were only determined as −12.5 dB (at 16.9 GHz) and 0.9 GHz (16.4–17.3 GHz) in the frequency of 1–18 GHz, respectively. Nevertheless, the RLmin and EAB of as‐prepared MoAlB powders oxidized after 3 h at 773 K increased to −18.59 dB (at 15.82 GHz) and 2.13 GHz (15.22–17.35 GHz), respectively, demonstrating that the as‐prepared MoAlB powders are potential candidates for high‐temperature microwave absorption applications. This study proposes a new efficient strategy for the preparation of boron‐based ternary compounds for high‐temperature electromagnetic wave absorption application.
Structure evolution and microwave dielectric characteristics of Hf1−xSnxO2 ceramics
Authors: Ding Yi Han , Huang Jun Chao , Li Lei , Chen Xiang Ming 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHigh Q (Hf1−xSnx)O2 ceramics were prepared via a standard solid‐state reaction route, and the microwave dielectric characteristics were investigated systematically together with the structure evolution. With increasing x, the structure changed from HfO2 (monoclinic in space group P21/c, x = 0 and 0.03) to Hf0.77Sn0.23O2 (orthorhombic in space group Pbcn, x = 0.23), while the two‐phase structure: HfO2 major phase and Hf0.77Sn0.23O2 secondary phase, was determined for x = 0.05–0.21, and Hf0.77Sn0.23O2 major phase combined with SnO2 tetragonal secondary phase in space group P42/mnm was confirmed for x = 0.30–0.40. The Qf value was significantly increased from 24,500 to 167,650 GHz by Sn‐substitution, and the best combination of microwave dielectric characteristics was obtained in Hf0.77Sn0.23O2 ceramics: εr = 17.2, Qf = 167 650 GHz at 9.6 GHz and 230 710 GHz at 26.1 GHz, and τf = −52.6 ppm/°C. The dielectric loss was deeply linked with the structure stability and lattice‐distortion. Also, the phase composition, the bond strength, as well as the degree of covalency, had a tight connection with dielectric loss. The present ceramics were expected to be the promising candidates as low‐εr microwave dielectric ceramics.
The Macroeconomic Expectations of U.S. Managers
Authors: McCLURE ETHAN M.L. , YAREMKO VITALIIA , COIBION OLIVIER , GORODNICHENKO YURIY 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUsing responses obtained through the Nielsen Homescan panel survey, we explore the differences between managers’ and nonmanagers’ expectations and perceptions of inflation and unemployment. By and large, managers and nonmanagers exhibit similar average inflation and unemployment expectations as well as similar levels of disagreement and sensitivity to information provided in a randomized control trial. Responses to hypothetical questions suggest that inflation expectations of managers frequently affect their economic decisions. Finally, the inflation expectations of managers deviate systematically from the predictions of “anchored” expectations.