bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE INADEQUACY OF PARAPHRASE IS THE DOGMA OF METAPHOR
Authors: PHELAN MARK 
Published: December 2010

AbstractPhilosophers have alleged that paraphrases of metaphors are inadequate. They have presented this inadequacy as a datum predicted by, and thus a reason to accept, particular accounts of ‘metaphorical meanings.’ But to what, specifically, does this inadequacy claim amount? I argue that, if this assumption is to have any bearing on the metaphor debate, it must be construed as the comparative claim that paraphrases of metaphors are inadequate compared to paraphrases of literal utterances. But the evidence philosophers have offered does not support the comparative inadequacy of paraphrases of metaphors. I offer my own empirical evidence against the inadequacy assumption.
ACTING CONTRARY TO OUR PROFESSED BELIEFS OR THE GULF BETWEEN OCCURRENT JUDGMENT AND DISPOSITIONAL BELIEF
Authors: SCHWITZGEBEL ERIC 
Published: December 2010

AbstractPeople often sincerely assert or judge one thing (for example, that all the races are intellectually equal) while at the same time being disposed to act in a way evidently quite contrary to the espoused attitude (for example, in a way that seems to suggest an implicit assumption of the intellectual superiority of their own race). Such cases should be regarded as ‘in‐between’ cases of believing, in which it's neither quite right to ascribe the belief in question nor quite right to say that the person lacks the belief.
An Analysis of Urban Size and Territorial Location Effects on Employment Probabilities: The Spanish Case
Authors: VIÑUELA‐JIMÉNEZ ANA , RUBIERA‐MOROLLÓN FERNANDO , CUETO BEGOÑA 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTThe probability of being employed varies depending on several factors. Many of these are related to personal characteristics such as educational level, age, gender, or number and age of children. Nevertheless, other factors may be relevant, in particular the geographical environment. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the relevance of urban size and the position of each territory (in terms of its distance from large metropolises) for the probability of being employed in the Spanish economy. Following the set of economic regions suggested by Polése, Shearmur and Rubiera (2007), we try to explain the spatial patterns of employment distribution. Our results show some relevant differences between these alternative economic areas. We find that municipalities with similar sizes and located at a similar distance from a metropolis but belonging to different Autonomous Communities or provinces share similar employability patterns.
The Supply of Private Acreage for Public Recreational Use in Southern and Central Appalachia
Authors: LIU ZHENG , FLEMING RON , PAGOULATOS ANGELOS , HU WUYANG 
Published: December 2010

AbstractPublic lands in Southern and Central Appalachia (SCA) available for outdoor recreational pursuits are limited relative to the rest of the country. This study identifies factors that encourage private landowners to permit public access to their land for recreational purposes and determines how much acreage would be offered in the SCA region. The Tobit and Heckman's sample selection models suggest that the probability of offering land to the public is correlated with the number of acres offered. Having acreage suited for recreation is a positive determinant of acres leased, but attributes developed by the landowner act as a disincentive. Type of recreational activity has no effect on the landowner's decision, and the supply of recreational acreage is inelastic with respect to price.
Evaluation of the efficacy of methotrexate and cyclosporine therapies on psoriatic nails: a one‐blind, randomized study
Authors: Gümüşel M. , Özdemir M. , Mevlitoğlu İ. , Bodur S. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackground  Treatment of psoriatic nail is difficult.Objective  The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of methotrexate and cyclosporine in psoriatic nail.Methods  Thirty‐seven psoriatic patients with nail involvement were randomized to treatment with methotrexate (initial dose, 15 mg per week) or cyclosporine (initial dose, 5 mg per kg of bodyweight per day) for 24 weeks. The primary outcome was the Nail Psoriasis Severity Index (NAPSI). The Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), doctor and patient global score were also measured. The scores were determined by a blinded observer.Results  Seventeen patients completed the study in each group. The mean percentages of reduction of the NAPSI score after methotrexate and cyclosporine treatments were 43.3% and 37.2%, respectively. No significant differences between the treatment groups was found for in the NAPSI, PASI, physician’s and patient’s global score at the end of the study period. The methotrexate group showed a significant improvement in nail matrix scores and the cyclosporine group in nail bed score.Conclusion  Moderate effectiveness on psoriatic nail was found in the two treatment agents and there were no significant differences in efficacy between the groups. A significant improvement was detected in methotrexate group for the nail matrix findings, and in cyclosporine group for the nail bed findings.
Dermatomyositis related to autoimmune thyroiditis
Authors: Wang H. , Tao L. , Li H. , Deng J. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackground and objective  Reports on the coexistence of dermatomyositis (DM) with autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) are very few. Our aim is to define the relationship of the two conditions, identify clinical, laboratory, electromyographic and pathologic features of coexistent DM and AIT.Methods  We underwent a MEDLINE search to identify relevant literature published in the past 30 years. Concurrently, we analysed retrospectively medical records of five patients diagnosed with DM and AIT from our hospital.Results  Eleven cases were included. 90.9% of patients were female with a mean (SD) age of 44.18 (13.11) years for DM at diagnosis, and 39.00 (7.81) years for AIT. AIT can precede or parallel the diagnosis of DM. The most common comorbidities included hypothyroidism (90.9%), cardiopulmonary diseases (63.7%) and overlap syndrome (27.3%), while only one case had malignancy. The most common clinical manifestations were: muscle weakness (100%), polyarthralgia (45.5%), heliotrope rash (45.5%), myalgia (36.4%), and Raynaud’s phenomenon (27.3%). The abnormalities on electromyography and muscle/skin biopsy of DM related to AIT did not differ from those findings of DM, while none of these reports were normal. All patients received both the treatment of corticosteroids and levothyroxine, and only 27.3% of patients had a good prognosis.Conclusion  Prevalence of cancer in coexistent DM and AIT may be very low. Also, it is reasonable to suggest that DM patients with AIT should be routinely evaluated for thyroid function and the emergence of comorbidities. Moreover, corticosteroids combined with levothyroxine may be useful for these patients as a standard treatment.
Atypical Wernicke's Encephalopathy Showing Involvement of Substantia Nigra
Authors: Kalidass Bhagheerathi , Sunnathkal Rajani , Rangashamanna Dr. Vital , Paraswani Rajesh 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTCASE HISTORYWernicke's encephalopathy is a metabolic disorder caused by deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B1) seen in alcoholics and even in nonalcoholic patients, classically presenting with a triad of ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and altered mental status. Typical findings in magnetic resonance imaging are represented by symmetric signal alterations in medial thalami, mamillary bodies, tectal plate, and periaqueductal area and atypical findings involve lesions in cerebellum, midline vermis, red nuclei, dentate, caudate, cranial nerve nuclei, splenium and cerebral cortex. We report here a case of nonalcoholic starvation induced atypical WE showing symmetrical lesions in substantia nigra in addition to the classical neuroradiological findings. J Neuroimaging 2012;22:204‐207.
Stroke Due to Lyme Neuroborreliosis: Changes in Vessel Wall Contrast Enhancement
Authors: Lebas Axel , Toulgoat Frédérique , Saliou Guillaume , Husson Béatrice , Tardieu Marc 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSENeuroborreliosis is a rare cause of stroke in children. We aim here to demonstrate the diagnostic value of gadolinium‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for demonstrating vessel wall abnormality in a child with brainstem stroke.RESULTSWe report here the case of an 8‐year‐old boy with cerebral vasculitis and stroke due to Lyme neuroborreliosis. Imaging studies revealed the presence of ischemic lesions in the pons and cerebellum, with focal stenosis of the basilar artery on magnetic resonance angiography and focal gadolinium enhancement of the basilar artery wall. Nine months after treatment, clinical outcome was favorable, with no enhancement of the basilar artery.CONCLUSIONSGadolinium‐enhanced MRI provided additional information facilitating the diagnosis of vasculitis in a child with Lyme neuroborreliosis and stroke. The location of vessel wall enhancement was correlated with the topography of the acute infarct, and the lack of vessel lumen obstruction supported the diagnosis of vasculitis rather than any other cause. J Neuroimaging 2012;22:210‐212.
MRI‐Texture Analysis of Corpus Callosum, Thalamus, Putamen, and Caudate in Machado‐Joseph Disease
Authors: de Oliveira Márcia S. , D’Abreu Anelyssa , França Jr Marcondes C. , Lopes‐Cendes Iscia , Cendes Fernando , Castellano Gabriela 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND/PURPOSETexture analysis (TA) is a branch of image processing, which attempts to convey “texture” information from digital images, such as magnetic resonance images (MRI). Machado‐Joseph disease (MJD) affects mainly cerebellum and brainstem, but recent studies have shown that other cerebral structures may also be affected.OBJECTIVETo investigate subtle structural abnormalities in corpus callosum (CC), thalami, putamen, and caudate nuclei of patients with MJD using TA.METHODSEighteen healthy volunteers and 18 patients with MJD were studied (mean age at disease onset = 34.7 years; disease duration = 9.6 years; mean expanded CAG in the MJD1 gene = 73). A TA approach based on the gray‐level cooccurrence matrix was applied to T1‐MRI. Regions of interest were manually segmented for each subject, and texture parameters were computed for each of the aforementioned anatomical structures.RESULTSTA parameters showed differences between the 2 groups for the caudate nuclei, thalami, and putamen. No differences were found for the CC.CONCLUSIONSTA was capable of detecting tissue alterations in MRI of patients with MJD. These alterations were in areas already shown to be affected by histopathological studies. In addition, we confirmed the thalamic involvement in patients with MJD, which had only been demonstrated in volumetric studies.
Interventional Neurology: A Reborn Subspecialty
Authors: Edgell Randall C. , Alshekhlee Amer , Yavagal Dileep R. , Vora Nirav , Cruz‐Flores Salvador 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTNeurologists have a long history of involvement in cerebral angiography; however, the roots of neurologist involvement in therapeutic endovascular procedures have not been previously documented. As outlined in this article, it has taken the efforts of several early pioneers to lay the ground work for interventional neurology, a specialty that has become one of the fastest growing neurological subspecialties. The ground work, along with a great clinical need, has allowed the modern interventional neurologist to tackle some of the most intractable diseases, especially those affecting the cerebral vasculature. The institutionalization of interventional neurology as a subspecialty was first advocated in 1995 in an article entitled, “Interventional Neurology, a subspecialty whose time has come.” The institutions created in the wake of this article have provided the framework that has allowed interventional neurology to transition from “a subspecialty whose time has come” to a subspecialty that is here to stay and thrive.
Matching Capacity to Demand: A Regional Dashboard Reduces Ambulance Avoidance and Improves Accessibility of Receiving Hospitals
Authors: McLeod Bruce , Zaver Fareen , Avery Chris , Martin Duane P. , Wang Dongmei , Jessen Kim , Lang Eddy S. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractObjectives:  Ambulance diversion is a dangerous repercussion of emergency department (ED) crowding and can reflect fragmentation and a lack of coordination in designating optimal patient offload sites for prehospital providers. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether proactive destination selection through the Regional Emergency Patient Access and Coordination (REPAC) program would enhance capacity and ED flow management.Methods:  The REPAC system provides a dashboard that synthesizes real‐time capacity and acuity data for all three adult EDs in the city of Calgary, assigning a color code to reflect receiving status. It assigns destination for the next patient transported by emergency medical services (EMS) by categorizing ED sites as having either a favorable (green/yellow) status or unfavorable (orange/red) status. Three time windows were analyzed: a 6‐month window prior to REPAC implementation (pre), the first 6‐month window immediately following (post1), and the second 6‐month period following (post2). Primary outcomes of interest were the proportion of time spent in favorable versus unfavorable status and EMS avoidances for all adult ED sites in the region (percentage of total time with any center on EMS bypass). Information on total number of ED visits, percentage of patients arriving by EMS transports, admission rates, patient acuity (Canadian Triage and Acuity Score), age, and length of stay (LOS) for admitted and discharged patients was collected. The Kruskal‐Wallis test was employed for primary outcome analysis.Results:  Implementation of the REPAC system resulted in an increase in the proportion of total time region hospitals reported favorable status (57.5% vs. 64.1%) pre versus post1, an effect that was accentuated at 1 year (post2, 78.7%; p < 0.001 for both comparisons). There was a concomitant decrease in EMS avoidances as a result of the REPAC system, 4.4% to 1.8% (pre vs. post1), also further improved at 1 year to 0.6% (p < 0.001 for both comparisons).Conclusions:  Proactive EMS destination selection through a real‐time integrated electronic surveillance system enhances regional capacity and flow management while significantly reducing ambulance diversions.ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2010; 17:1383–1389 © 2010 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Defining and Measuring Successful Emergency Care Networks: A Research Agenda
Authors: Glickman Seth W. , Kit Delgado M. , Hirshon Jon Mark , Hollander Judd E. , Iwashyna Theodore J. , Jacobs Alice K. , Kilaru Austin S. , Lorch Scott A. , Mutter Ryan L. , Myers Sage R. , Owens Pamela L. , Phelan Michael P. , Pines Jesse M. , Seymour Christopher W. , Ewen Wang N. , Branas Charles C. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe demands on emergency services have grown relentlessly, and the Institute of Medicine (IOM) has asserted the need for “regionalized, coordinated, and accountable emergency care systems throughout the country.” There are large gaps in the evidence base needed to fix the problem of how emergency care is organized and delivered, and science is urgently needed to define and measure success in the emerging network of emergency care. In 2010, Academic Emergency Medicine convened a consensus conference entitled “Beyond Regionalization: Integrated Networks of Emergency Care.” This article is a product of the conference breakout session on “Defining and Measuring Successful Networks”; it explores the concept of integrated emergency care delivery and prioritizes a research agenda for how to best define and measure successful networks of emergency care. The authors discuss five key areas: 1) the fundamental metrics that are needed to measure networks across time‐sensitive and non–time‐sensitive conditions; 2) how networks can be scalable and nimble and can be creative in terms of best practices; 3) the potential unintended consequences of networks of emergency care; 4) the development of large‐scale, yet feasible, network data systems; and 5) the linkage of data systems across the disease course. These knowledge gaps must be filled to improve the quality and efficiency of emergency care and to fulfill the IOM’s vision of regionalized, coordinated, and accountable emergency care systems.ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2010; 17:1297–1305 © 2010 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Regionalization of Emergency Care Future Directions and Research: Workforce Issues
Authors: Ginde Adit A. , Rao Mitesh , Simon Erin L. , Matthew Edwards J. , Gardner Angela , Rogers John , Lopez Edwin , Camargo Jr Carlos A , Piazza Gina , Rosenau Alex , Schneider Sandra , Jouriles Nicholas 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe provision of emergency care in the United States, regionalized or not, depends on an adequate workforce. Adequate must be defined both qualitatively and quantitatively. There is currently a shortage of emergency care providers, one that will exist for the foreseeable future. This article discusses what is known about the current emergency medicine (EM) and non‐EM workforce, future trends, and research opportunities.ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2010; 17:1286–1296 © 2010 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Patient‐centered Integrated Networks of Emergency Care: Consensus‐based Recommendations and Future Research Priorities
Authors: Govindarajan Prasanthi , Larkin Gregory Luke , Rhodes Karin V. , Piazza Gina , Byczkowski Terri L. , Edwards Meredith , Baren Jill M. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractPatient‐centered care is defined by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) as care that is responsive to individual patient needs and values and that guides the treatment decisions. This article is a result of a breakout session of the 2010Academic Emergency Medicine(AEM) consensus conference and describes the process of developing consensus‐based recommendations for providing patient‐centered emergency care. The objectives of the working group were to identify and describe the critical gaps in the provision of patient‐centered care, develop a consensus‐based research agenda, and create a list of future research priorities. Using e‐mail and in‐person meetings, knowledge gaps were identified in the areas of respect for patient preferences, coordination of clinical care, and communication among health care providers. Four consensus‐based recommendations were developed on the following themes: enhancing communication and patient advocacy in emergency departments (EDs), facilitating care coordination after discharge, defining metrics for patient‐centered care, and placing the locus of control of medical information into patients’ hands. The set of research priorities based on these recommendations was created to promote research and advance knowledge in this dimension of clinical care.ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2010; 17:1322–1329 © 2010 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Regionalization Findings in the National Report Card of the State of Emergency Medicine
Authors: Epstein Stephen K. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe National Report Card on the State of Emergency Medicine (2009 edition) evaluated the conditions under which emergency care is delivered in each of the 50 states and compared those conditions between the states. The Report Card ranked states in five major categories: access to emergency care, quality and patient safety environment, public health and injury prevention, liability environment, and disaster preparedness. Three of those categories are particularly relevant to regionalization: access to emergency care, quality and patient safety environment, and disaster‐preparedness. Within these categories, there was great variability between states in the distribution, planning, infrastructure, and available personnel for emergency care. Effective regionalization may require additional resources or a redistribution of existing resources within and among the states.ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2010; 17:1349–1350 © 2010 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Telomere replication: poised but puzzling
Authors: Sampathi Shilpa , Chai Weihang 
Published: December 2010

Abstract

Introduction
Functions of replication proteins in telomere maintenance
Functions of telomere binding proteins in telomere replication
The delayed telomeric C‐strand synthesis at late S/G2 phase – an additional regulatory step of telomere maintenance
Conclusions and perspectives

Faithful replication of chromosomes is essential for maintaining genome stability. Telomeres, the chromosomal termini, pose quite a challenge to replication machinery due to the complexity in their structures and sequences. Efficient and complete replication of chromosomes is critical to prevent aberrant telomeres as well as to avoid unnecessary loss of telomere DNA. Compelling evidence supports the emerging picture of synergistic actions between DNA replication proteins and telomere protective components in telomere synthesis. This review discusses the actions of various replication and telomere‐specific binding proteins that ensure accurate telomere replication and their roles in telomere maintenance and protection.
C3b‐induced eosinophil degranulation involves PI3‐kinases and is inhibited by protein kinase C activity
Authors: CARLSON MARIE , VENGE PER , LAMPINEN MARIA 
Published: December 2010

Carlson M, Venge P, Lampinen M. C3b‐induced eosinophil degranulation involves PI3‐kinases and is inhibited by protein kinase C activity. APMIS 2010; 119: 119–26.Selective release of individual eosinophil granule proteins has been demonstrated in eosinophilic conditions and in vitro using different stimuli. The aim of this study was to investigate if selective release of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), eosinophil protein X/eosinophil derived‐neurotoxin (EPX/EDN) and eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) could be due to the involvement of different signal transduction pathways. Peripheral blood granulocytes from healthy donors were incubated with Wortmannin, LY294002, Genistein, Staurosporine, GÖ6976 or PD98059 prior to the induction of degranulation by C3b. The released amounts of ECP, EPO and EPX/EDN were determined by immunoassays, and related to the total cell content of respective protein. Wortmannin caused a significant, dose‐dependent inhibition of all three granule proteins. LY294002 (10−6 M) also inhibited the release of all proteins. Genistein (10−6 M) inhibited the release of ECP, whereas the release of EPO was increased. However, there was a tendency towards similar concentration‐dependent patterns of release of all three proteins. Staurosporine (10−7 M), GÖ6976 (10−6 M) and PD98059 (10−5 M) caused an increased release of the three proteins. PI3‐kinases play an important role in the C3b‐induced release of ECP, EPO and EPX/EDN, whereas protein kinase C seems to have inhibitory effects on C3b‐induced degranulation.