bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of oxygen‐functional groups on carbon replicas for hydrogen adsorption
Authors: Lee Seul‐Yi , Park Soo‐Jin 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn this work, we prepared the ordered nanoporous carbon replicas (CR) by templating method using organized nanoporous silica SBA‐15 as a template. The prepared CR samples were chemically modified with H3PO4 concentrates in order to investigate the hydrogen storage behaviors. From the results, the H3PO4 treatments were proven to introduce oxygen‐functional groups to carbon surfaces and change the textural properties of the samples. Moreover, the amount of hydrogen adsorption for H3PO4 treated samples was all enhanced except for the excessively treated sample (above 10 M H3PO4). Consequently, it could be concluded that hydrogen storage is greatly governed by the acidity of the carbon surfaces, resulting in enhancing electron acceptor–donor interactions at the interfaces (carbon surfaces‐hydrogen molecules) due to the H3PO4 treatments.
Pressure‐induced incompressibility and point singularity of mechanical properties of TaC in NiAs‐type structure
Authors: Yang Jun , Gao Faming 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe structural and elastic properties of TaC in NiAs‐type structure under high pressure have been investigated using first principles calculations based on density functional theory. Results indicate that the incompressibility along the c‐axis of TaC exceeds that of diamond under higher pressure. Particularly, an interesting point singularity exists in its mechanical properties as the pressure increases from 20 GPa to 40 GPa. The minimal shear modulus, Young's modulus, Debye temperature, and maximum Poisson ratio of TaC are simultaneously obtained at 28 GPa. The calculations of hardness indicate that the NiAs‐type TaC crystal possesses excellent mechanical properties. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Kinematic design considerations for minimally invasive surgical robots: an overview
Authors: Kuo Chin‐Hsing , Dai Jian S. , Dasgupta Prokar 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackgroundKinematic design is a predominant phase in the design of robotic manipulators for minimally invasive surgery (MIS). However, an extensive overview of the kinematic design issues for MIS robots is not yet available to both mechanisms and robotics communities.MethodsHundreds of archival reports and articles on robotic systems for MIS are reviewed and studied. In particular, the kinematic design considerations and mechanism development described in the literature for existing robots are focused on.ResultsThe general kinematic design goals, design requirements, and design preferences for MIS robots are defined. An MIS‐specialized mechanism, namely the remote center‐of‐motion (RCM) mechanism, is revisited and studied. Accordingly, based on the RCM mechanism types, a classification for MIS robots is provided. A comparison between eight different RCM types is given. Finally, several open challenges for the kinematic design of MIS robotic manipulators are discussed.ConclusionsThis work provides a detailed survey of the kinematic design of MIS robots, addresses the research opportunity in MIS robots for kinematicians, and clarifies the kinematic point of view to MIS robots as a reference for the medical community. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Standing Arrays of Gold Nanorods End‐Tethered with Polymer Ligands
Authors: Petukhova Alla , Greener Jesse , Liu Kun , Nykypanchuk Dmytro , Nicolaÿ Renaud , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof , Kumacheva Eugenia 
Published: January 2012

AbstractNanomaterials with vectoral electromagnetic properties have potential applications in solar cells, plasmonic cavity resonators, light polarizers, and biosensing. Here a new, simple, solution‐based method for producing nanomaterials comprising vertically aligned standing arrays of gold nanorods (NRs) end‐functionalized with polymer ligands is reported. The method utilizes the side‐by‐side assembly of the NRs into large 2D superlattices, followed by the precipitation of the lattices on a solid substrate. The critical design rules for the self‐assembly of superlattices are demonstrated, and they show the generality of the method by forming standing arrays from the NRs end‐tethered with poly(N‐vinylcarbazole) or with polystyrene molecules.
Recent advances in stealth coating of nanoparticle drug delivery systems
Authors: Amoozgar Zohreh , Yeo Yoon 
Published: January 2012

AbstractModifying surfaces of nanoparticles (NPs) with polyethylene glycol (PEG), the so‐called PEGylation, is the most commonly used method for reducing premature clearance of NPs from the circulation. However, several reports point out that PEGylation may negatively influence the performance of NPs as a drug carrier. Alternative surface modification strategies, including substitute polymers, conditional removal of PEG, and biomimetic surface modification, may provide solutions for the limitations of PEG. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2012, 4:219–233. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1157This article is categorized under:

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Mass spectrometry‐based proteomics: qualitative identification to activity‐based protein profiling
Authors: Cardoza Job D. , Parikh Jignesh R. , Ficarro Scott B. , Marto Jarrod A. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractMass spectrometry has become the method of choice for proteome characterization, including multicomponent protein complexes (typically tens to hundreds of proteins) and total protein expression (up to tens of thousands of proteins), in biological samples. Qualitative sequence assignment based on MS/MS spectra is relatively well‐defined, while statistical metrics for relative quantification have not completely stabilized. Nonetheless, proteomics studies have progressed to the point whereby various gene‐, pathway‐, or network‐oriented computational frameworks may be used to place mass spectrometry data into biological context. Despite this progress, the dynamic range of protein expression remains a significant hurdle, and impedes comprehensive proteome analysis. Methods designed to enrich specific protein classes have emerged as an effective means to characterize enzymes or other catalytically active proteins that are otherwise difficult to detect in typical discovery mode proteomics experiments. Collectively, these approaches will facilitate identification of biomarkers and pathways relevant to diagnosis and treatment of human disease. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2012, 4:141–162. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.166This article is categorized under:

Analytical and Computational Methods > Analytical Methods
Analytical and Computational Methods > Computational Methods
Laboratory Methods and Technologies > Proteomics Methods
Investigation of Polybromide Monoanions of the Series [NAlk4][Br9] (Alk = Methyl, Ethyl, Propyl, Butyl)
Authors: Haller Heike , Ellwanger Mathias , Higelin Alexander , Riedel Sebastian 
Published: January 2012

AbstractPolybromide monoanions of the series [NAlk4][Br9] (Alk = methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl) have been investigated. The corresponding salts were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and state‐of‐the‐art quantum‐chemical calculations. Comparisons between their crystal structures and the gas‐phase calculations have been made whereas the latter shows regular tetrahedral arrangement. Usually the nonabromides contain one central Br– anion at which all other four Br2 molecules are coordinated. The only exception is [NBu4][Br9] where also a [Br3]– unit is found.Quantum‐chemical calculations show that dispersion as well as spin‐orbit corrections alter the results only marginally and can be neglected. Conductivity measurements show a surprisingly high conductivity of these polybromide monoanions. It is found that the tetraalkylammonium nonabromide salts (alkyl = methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl) show decreasing conductivity as the size of the cation increases. Making thesepolybromide monoanions possible electrolytes in batteries or dye‐sensitized solar cells.
Neonatal onset of mitochondrial disorders in 129 patients: clinical and laboratory characteristics and a new approach to diagnosis
Authors: Honzik Tomas , Tesarova Marketa , Magner Martin , Mayr Johannes , Jesina Pavel , Vesela Katerina , Wenchich Laszlo , Szentivanyi Karol , Hansikova Hana , Sperl Wolfgang , Zeman Jiri 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIntroductionMitochondrial disorders (MD) may manifest in neonates, but early diagnosis is difficult. In this study, clinical and laboratory data were analyzed in 129 patients with neonatal onset of MD to identify any association between specific mitochondrial diseases and their symptoms with the aim of optimizing diagnosis.Materials and methodsRetrospective clinical and laboratory data were evaluated in 461 patients (331 families) with confirmed MD.ResultsThe neonatal onset of MD was reported in 28% of the patients. Prematurity, intrauterine growth retardation and hypotonia necessitating ventilatory support were present in one‐third, cardiomyopathy in 40%, neonatal seizures in 16%, Leigh syndrome in 15%, and elevated lactate level in 87%. Hyperammonemia was observed in 22 out of 52 neonates. Complex I deficiency was identified in 15, complex III in one, complex IV in 23, complex V in 31, combined deficiency of several complexes in 53, and PDH complex deficiency was identified in six patients. Molecular diagnosis was confirmed in 49 cases, including a newborn with a 9134A>G mutation in the MTATP6 gene, which has not been described previously.ConclusionThe most significant finding is the high incidence of neonatal cardiomyopathy and hyperammonemia. Based on our experience, we propose a diagnostic flowchart applicable to critically ill neonates suspicious for MD. This tool will allow for the use of direct molecular genetic analyses without the need for muscle biopsies in neonates with Alpers, Barth, MILS and Pearson syndromes, SCO1, SCO2, TMEM70,ATP5E, SUCLG1 gene mutations and PDH complex deficiency.
Mentoring in der Raum- und Umweltplanung – eine Zwischenbilanz des Mentoring-Programms von ARL und FRU
Authors: Weiland Ulrike , Klee Andreas , Knieling Jörg , Scholich Dietmar 
Published: January 2012

For several years, the Academy for Spatial Research and Planning (ARL) and the Support Group for Spatial and Environmental Research (FRU) have jointly offered a mentoring-programme. The programme aims to increase the proportion of women in senior positions in the field of spatial and environmental planning through supporting young women pursuing careers in both research and practice. The mentoring programme thus serves as a means for the promotion of young talent and gender equality within the ARL. A one-year partnership between a mentee and an experienced mentor serves as the programme’s centrepiece.
This article introduces the main targets and contents of the mentoring-programme and, in addition, discusses the results of a survey of mentees and mentors from the last five years. The survey examined motivations for participating in the programme, assessed expectations with regard to the partnership and asked participants to provide an overall evaluation of the programme. The article concludes by offering proposals for the future configuration of mentoring-programmes in research institutions. The authors form the managing committee of the FRU and jointly take the responsibility for the programme.
Applying principles from “Scientific Foundations for Future Physicians” to teaching chemistry in the department of medicine at Chang Gung University
Authors: Lou Bih‐Show 
Published: January 2012

AbstractSimilar to the current trends in America that were recognized by the Association of American Medical College and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute in their 2009 report titled “Scientific Foundations for Future Physicians,” Taiwanese medical students are lacking in their ability to apply their knowledge of basic sciences to real‐life situations. The report recommended developing a competency‐based approach to learning and also called for an increase in integrated and interdisciplinary courses in the education of medical students. Such a class, which would encourage students to look at biological concepts through chemical and physical principles, has been developed at Chang Gung University, and it strives to develop the medical student's ability to work in groups, think critically, and clearly and convincingly present ideas. The course requires students to present biological topics in groups after working closely with a teacher, and it trains the students to identify useful and trustworthy sources, to constructively criticize each other, and work together to present a cohesive and informative presentation for their peers. From my teaching experience, classes such as this have led me to conclude that the teacher's role does not simply encompass that of the informant, but also the facilitator of the academic success of the students, and this has led me to create certain class policies for teachers that help students of any field success in class.
Palaeolithic implements found in Sweden
Authors: Montelius Oscar 
Published: January 2012

The ingenious and persistent researches of the Swedish geologist, Baron Gerard de Geer, have taught us when the last Ice Period came to an end here in the north. The ice began to melt and retire from the southern coast of Scania 15,000 years before our time. There cannot be more than an error of a few centuries in this calculation.But the southern border of the enormous ice-masses covering the north of Europe in the last Ice Period was not on the south coast of Scania; it lay farther south, in Brandenburg. It is uncertain what length of time was necessary for the ice to retire from Brandenburg to Scania. However, if we consider how slowly the melting was going on in the first millenniums, and how long it took for the ice to melt in the southern part of Sweden, it is highly probable that about 5,000 years were required to transfer the ice border from its most southerly point to Scania. Consequently, the beginning of the melting period in our northern region, i.e. the end of the last Ice Period in northern Europe, must fall about 20,000 years before our time.
The Seal of Robert Fitz Meldred
Authors: Littledale W. A. 
Published: January 2012

Among some old family deeds in my possession is a quitclaim by Robert Fitz Meldred to Henry Spring of four marks of silver being the annual rent of the town of ‘Hoctun’, probably Houghton le Spring in the bishopric of Durham. The date is about 1230. Attached to the deed is the seal in white wax of Robert Fitz Meldred (fig. 1). The seal is circular, and when perfect was about 2½ in. in diameter ; it bears a saltire which it will be noticed is very narrow, and the legend, now partly broken away, that originally readThe exact date of the matrix of a seal such as this cannot, of course, be given with certainty, but I venture to think it may be placed before the year 1200. Although Sir William St. John Hope in his paper on the Seals of English Bishops gives useful approximate dates for the various kinds of lettering, his remarks relate to episcopal seals only, and he guards himself against necessarily applying them to other classes. The lettering of the seal now under discussion is rough and of an earlier type than the ordinary Lombardic which is met with in the thirteenth century; we may perhaps place it between the Roman capitals which ceased about the last quarter of the twelfth century and the Lombardic capitals.
Notes on Two Medieval Objects
Authors: Dalton O. M. 
Published: January 2012

The beautiful gold ring here illustrated (fig. I) was dug up in 1924 at Cannington, near Bridgwater.The high bezel contains a dark cabochon sapphire held by claws, the sides being ornamented with birds in pierced work. The hoop is engraved with the Angelic Salutation in capitals which include uncial forms ; it is flat sided, the surfaces sloping away to the outer edge, which is enriched by a pearled band and a raised quatrefoil at the back. The shoulders have monsters' heads in relief.
A New Great Seal of Henry V
Authors: Jenkinson Hilary 
Published: January 2012

Only about ninety Great Seals of England are known for the period from the Conquest to the present day; and the addition of a new one to the series is a matter of some importance.In a paper read to the Society not long ago I commented on Wyon's statement that the style of Henry V was changed during the last years of his reign as a result of the treaty of Troyes in 1420. Wyon had cited an order of the King to the Chancellor of the Exchequer for the alteration of a seal in his custody, but had found no impression of a seal so altered. Actually the treaty did not specifically provide that the English King should use the title in question—Heres Regni Francie—but that the French King, his father-in-law, should during his own life refer to Henry in public documents in that way; and the seal in custody of the Chancellor was presumably that of the Exchequer. I was able, however, to show in illustration fragments of two Irish seals bearing, though they came to us from later reigns, the word heres in their legend; which could only date from this period. It seemed unreasonable in these circumstances to suppose that the most important of all the Royal Seals, the Great Seal of England, should not have been similarly modified; and I ventured to hope that an example from the last two years of the reign would presently be discovered and prove my case. That example has now been produced by Mr. Chitty from the Muniment Room at Winchester College (pl.LXXV).
A Priest's Sceptre from the Romano-Celtic Temple at Farley Heath, Surrey
Authors: Goodchild R. G. 
Published: January 2012

The Romano-Celtic temples of Britain, unlike those of Gaul, rarely provide evidence of their dedications and the nature of the cults practised within them. At Silchester (Insula XXXV) and also at Worth, Kent, fragments of statuary found within the temple cella have been suggestive, although not conclusive. The remaining examples yet excavated in Britain (some eighteen in all) have been far less communicative: not one has yielded an inscription or votive object which would leave no doubt as to the identity of the god whose worshippers frequented it.Since our knowledge of the local cults popular in the civilian areas of Roman Britain is so limited, an object which, though found ninety years ago at Farley Heath in Surrey, has hitherto escaped publication deserves belated recognition not only for its own sake, because it displays very curious features, but also for the light that it may throw on the subject.
Two Mesolithic ‘floors’ in the Ebbsfleet Valley of the Lower Thames
Authors: Burchell J. P. T. 
Published: January 2012

In view of the stimulating discoveries made by Messrs. Schwantes and Rust in the districts of Hamburg and Kiel, I am prompted to write a preliminary note on two Mesolithic ‘floors’ recently discovered in the Ebbsfleet Valley, west of Northfleet, on the right bank of the Lower Thames. The horizons in question are located in a stoneless calcareous silt containing shells of both land and freshwater types. Subsequent erosion phases have considerably denuded the silt, which, at the present time, is overlain by some 6 ft. of alluvial deposits. The marked differences between the implements of the lower and upper ‘floors’ are best summarized as under:1. The artifacts from the lower ‘floor’ are invariably patinated blue or white, whilst those from the upper ‘floor’ are always in an unaltered condition.2. The blades from the lower ‘floor’ are much longer and broader than are those from the upper ‘floor’; some of the former attain 7½ in. in length (figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5).3. Core-scrapers are not present in the lower ‘floor’ though of common occurrence in the upper ‘floor’.4. The gravers from the lower ‘floor’ (figs. 6 and 7) approximate more closely to those of Upper Palaeolithic times than do the examples from the upper ‘floor’ (fig. 8).5. Though none has so far been recovered from the lower ‘floor’, the upper ‘floor’ has yielded shouldered points (figs. 9 and 10), a characteristic form in the Hamburg culture.
Scythian Antiquities in Central Europe
Authors: Sulimirski T. 
Published: January 2012

Among the archaeological remains of central Europe there are some of quite distinct Scythian character. They testify the presence of the Scythian nomads on that territory in the period about 500 B.C. Besides, the fact that the dating of those remains is quite well established should provide a basis for the proper dating of those central European cultures which came into contact with the Scythians.The Scythian remains in central Europe are divided into two groups. To the first group belong the remains found in limited areas, with Scythian graves among them; those remains enable us to establish local groups of Scythian culture. The other group occurs among the remains of other, non-Scythian, cultures where they arrived either by way of peaceable trade exchange or were brought there by the Scythians themselves during their invasions or inroads into those territories.In this short article I do not intend to give any detailed description of the Scythian remains in central Europe or to give an appreciation of their artistic value. They do interest me, but only as evidence of certain historical happenings, and I refer to the works of Professor E. H. Minns, Professor M. Rostovtzeff, Dr. N. Fettich, and others for their dating.
John Cooqūs, Silversmith
Authors: Phillips Philip A. S. 
Published: January 2012

Peter Cunningham's book, The Story of Nell Gwyn and the Sayings of Charles II, first published about 1854, contains an interesting account of work done by one John Cooquus, silversmith, for Nell Gwyn, when she was living in Pall Mall as the king's mistress.Cooquus is briefly referred to in the various popular lives of Nell Gwyn, and by Mr. E. Alfred Jones in his books on old silver, but beyond the mention of his name in connexion with that of Nell Gwyn, no particulars of his personal history have so far been disclosed. I have therefore attempted to place together some facts recording events in his life which may fill the gap.
A Roman Fortified Villa at Norton Disney, Lincs.
Authors: Oswald Adrian 
Published: January 2012

Villas are so uniform in character that they arouse comparatively little interest compared with the military problems of Roman Britain. But a villa surrounded by ditches, whether for defensive purposes or not, can be immediately classed as a rarity. A list of such examples of domestic fortification in the Roman period includes the houses at Castle Dykes, near Ripon, at Cwmbrwyn in Carmarthenshire, at Bartlow in Cambridgeshire, at Langton in Yorkshire, and at Ely near Cardiff. Of these only the two last have been scientifically excavated, and only the house at Ely has fortifications which conform to the building. In these circumstances the discovery of a villa surrounded by five ditches and occupied, through five periods of construction and reconstruction, from the latter half of the first to the middle of the fourth century is of particular interest.The villa in question is situated some 200 yards east of the Fosseway, at a point 9 miles south of Lincoln and a mile and a half north of Brough (Crococolana). The site is marked on the Ordnance Survey and known locally as Potter Hill. It comprises a long ridge of land some hundred feet higher than the plain in which Crococolana is placed. Stukeley in his Itinerary says, ‘and journeying to the space of about 12 Roman miles, I found Collingham on my right hand: there is a high barrow or tumulus called Potters Hill, where they say was a Roman pottery: it stands upon an eminence commanding a prospect both ways upon the road. Half a mile further is Brough.’Nevertheless the presence of a Roman building was not suspected until the discovery in 1933 by the farmer, Mr. E. Taylor, of a mosaic pavement.