bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 Pandemic and Impact on Research Publications in Critical Care
Authors: Razavi Syrus , Sharma Arjun , Lavin Cassidy , Pourmand Ali , Smalls Norma , Tran Quincy K. 
Published: June 2024

OBJECTIVES:
The COVID-19 pandemic precipitated a significant transformation of scientific journals. Our aim was to determine how critical care (CC) journals and their impact may have evolved during the COVID-19 pandemic. We hypothesized that the impact, as measured by citations and publications, from the field of CC would increase.

DESIGN:
Observational study of journal publications, citations, and retractions status.

SETTING:
All work was done electronically and retrospectively.

SUBJECTS:
The top 18 CC journals broadly concerning CC, and the top 5 most productive CC journals on the SCImago list.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
For the top 18 CC journals and specifically Critical Care Medicine (CCM), time series analysis was used to estimate the trends of total citations, citations per publication, and publications per year by using the best-fit curve. We used PubMed and Retraction Watch to determine the number of COVID-19 publications and retractions. The average total citations and citations per publication for all journals was an upward quadratic trend with inflection points in 2020, whereas publications per year spiked in 2020 before returning to prepandemic values in 2021. For CCM total publications trend downward while total citations and citations per publication generally trend up from 2017 onward. CCM had the lowest percentage of COVID-related publications (15.7%) during the pandemic and no reported retractions. Two COVID-19 retractions were noted in our top five journals.

CONCLUSIONS:
Citation activity across top CC journals underwent a dramatic increase during the COVID-19 pandemic without significant retraction data. These trends suggest that the impact of CC has grown significantly since the onset of COVID-19 while maintaining adherence to a high-quality peer-review process.
Fondaparinux Sodium for Anticoagulant Therapy After Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Single-Center Randomized Trial in China
Authors: Li Yi-Yi , Zhong Xin-Jing , Luo Jun-Ting , Zeng Chun-Mei , Li He , Zhong Li-Qiu , Zou Guang-Xin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract:
In this study, we investigated the safety and efficacy of fondaparinux sodium in postpercutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) anticoagulation therapy for patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. There are a total of 200 patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction underwent PCI and anticoagulation therapy. They were randomly split into experimental (n = 108) and control groups (n = 92). The experimental group received postoperative fondaparinux sodium (2.5 mg q.d), while the control group received enoxaparin (4000 IU q12 h). We did not use a loading dose for enoxaparin. Bleeding incidence and major adverse cardiovascular/cerebrovascular events were monitored during hospitalization, and at 1, 3, and 6 months postsurgery. The primary end points, including bleeding, mortality, and myocardial infarction during hospitalization, were not significantly different between the 2 groups. For secondary end points, the incidence of combined end point events at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after surgery in the experimental group was lower than in the control group (P < 0.05). According to Cox regression analysis, the risk of bleeding in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group [hazard ratios: 0.506, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.284–0.900] (P = 0.020). The risk of mortality in the experimental group was significantly lower than in the control group (hazard ratio: 0.188, 95% CI: 0.040–0.889) (P = 0.035). In summary, perioperative use of fondaparinux sodium during PCI in patients with STEMI in this study was associated with a lower risk of bleeding and death compared with enoxaparin use in the absence of loading dose.
Phospholipid metabolism-related genotypes of PLA2R1 and CERS4 contribute to nonobese MASLD
Authors: Shao Congxiang , Ye Junzhao , Dong Zhi , Liao Bing , Feng Shiting , Hu Shixian , Zhong Bihui 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Abnormal phospholipid metabolism is linked to metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) development and progression. We aimed to clarify whether genetic variants of phospholipid metabolism modify these relationships.

Methods:
This case-control study consecutively recruited 600 patients who underwent MRI-based proton density fat fraction examination (240 participants with serum metabonomics analysis, 128 biopsy-proven cases) as 3 groups: healthy control, nonobese MASLD, and obese MASLD, (n = 200 cases each). Ten variants of phospholipid metabolism-related genes [phospholipase A2 Group VII rs1805018, rs76863441, rs1421378, and rs1051931; phospholipase A2 receptor 1 (PLA2R1) rs35771982, rs3828323, and rs3749117; paraoxonase-1 rs662 and rs854560; and ceramide synthase 4 (CERS4) rs17160348)] were genotyped using SNaPshot.

Results:
The T-allele of CERS4 rs17160348 was associated with a higher risk of both obese and nonobese MASLD (OR: 1.95, 95% CI: 1.20–3.15; OR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.08–2.86, respectively). PLA2R1 rs35771982-allele is a risk factor for nonobese MASLD (OR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.11–1.24), moderate-to-severe steatosis (OR: 3.24, 95% CI: 1.96–6.22), and steatohepatitis (OR: 2.61, 95% CI: 1.15–3.87), while the paraoxonase-1 rs854560 T-allele (OR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.26–0.97) and PLA2R1 rs3749117 C-allele (OR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.14–2.52) are closely related to obese MASLD. After adjusting for sphingomyelin level, the effect of the PLA2R1 rs35771982CC allele on MASLD was attenuated. Furthermore, similar effects on the association between the CERS4 rs17160348 C allele and MASLD were observed for phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidic acid, sphingomyelin, and phosphatidylinositol.

Conclusions:
The mutations in PLA2R1 rs35771982 and CERS4 rs17160348 presented detrimental impact on the risk of occurrence and disease severity in nonobese MASLD through altered phospholipid metabolism.
Partial liver resection alters the bile salt-FGF19 axis in patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma: Implications for liver regeneration
Authors: Koelfat Kiran V.K. , Schaap Frank G. , van Mierlo Kim M.C. , Leníček Martin , Sauer Ilka , van der Kroft Gregory , Röth Anjali A.J. , Bednarsch Jan , Amygdalos Iakovos , Lurje Georg , Dewulf Maxime J.L. , Lang Sven A. , Neumann Ulf P. , Olde Damink Steven W.M. 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Extended liver resection is the only treatment option for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (pCCA). Bile salts and the gut hormone FGF19, both promoters of liver regeneration (LR), have not been investigated in patients undergoing resection for pCCA. We aimed to evaluate the bile salt-FGF19 axis perioperatively in pCCA and study its effects on LR.

Methods:
Plasma bile salts, FGF19, and C4 (bile salt synthesis marker) were assessed in patients with pCCA and controls (colorectal liver metastases), before and after resection on postoperative days (PODs) 1, 3, and 7. Hepatic bile salts were determined in intraoperative liver biopsies.

Results:
Partial liver resection in pCCA elicited a sharp decline in bile salt and FGF19 plasma levels on POD 1 and remained low thereafter, unlike in controls, where bile salts rose gradually. Preoperatively, suppressed C4 in pCCA normalized postoperatively to levels similar to those in the controls. The remnant liver volume and postoperative bilirubin levels were negatively associated with postoperative C4 levels. Furthermore, patients who developed postoperative liver failure had nearly undetectable C4 levels on POD 7. Hepatic bile salts strongly predicted hyperbilirubinemia on POD 7 in both groups. Finally, postoperative bile salt levels on day 7 were an independent predictor of LR.

Conclusions:
Partial liver resection alters the bile salt-FGF19 axis, but its derailment is unrelated to LR in pCCA. Postoperative monitoring of circulating bile salts and their production may be useful for monitoring LR.
Anticipated Effects of Higher-valency Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines on Colonization and Acute Otitis Media
Authors: Kaur Ravinder , Schulz Steven , Sherman Andrew , Andrejko Kristin , Kobayashi Miwako , Pichichero Michael 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Bacterial etiologies of acute otitis media (AOM) have shifted from the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs), antibiotic selection and competition among species. We characterized Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn), Haemophilus influenzae (Hflu) and Moraxella catarrhalis (Mcat) in the nasopharynx during well-child healthy visits and at the onset of AOM, and in middle ear fluid (MEF) of children with AOM to assess anticipated effects of higher-valency PCVs (PCV15 and PCV20).

Methods:
From September 2021 to September 2023, we conducted a prospective longitudinal cohort study of PCV13 immunized children 6–36 months old. MEF was collected via tympanocentesis. Serotyping and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed on Spn, Hflu and Mcat isolates.

Results:
We obtained 825 nasopharyngeal and 216 MEF samples from 301 children. The order of frequency of nasopharyngeal colonization was Mcat, Spn and Hflu; Hflu was the predominant otopathogen in MEF. Among Spn isolates, non-PCV15, non-PCV20 serotypes predominated in the nasopharynx and in MEF; the most frequent serotype was 35B. Among MEF samples, 30% of Spn isolates were amoxicillin nonsusceptible; 23% of Hflu isolates and 100% of Mcat isolates were β-lactamase-producing.

Conclusion:
The majority of Spn isolates among young children were non-PCV15, non-PCV20 serotypes, especially serotype 35B; therefore, the impact of higher-valency PCVs in reducing pneumococcal colonization or AOM is expected to be limited. Hflu continues to be the most frequent AOM pathogen. Antibiotic susceptibility data suggest a high dose of amoxicillin/clavulanate or alternative drugs that are effective against contemporary mix of otopathogens could be considered for optimal empiric selection to provide the best efficacy.
A dynamic nomogram for predicting in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in patients with both coronary artery disease and atrial fibrillation: a multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Jian Jie , Zhang Lingqin , Zhang Yang , Jian Chang , Wang Tingting , Xie Mingxuan , Wu Wenjuan , Liang Bo , Xiong Xingliang 
Published: June 2024

Background and objective
Patients with both coronary artery disease (CAD) and atrial fibrillation (AF) are at a high risk of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) during hospitalization. Accurate prediction of MACCE can help identify high-risk patients and guide treatment decisions. This study was to elaborate and validate a dynamic nomogram for predicting the occurrence of MACCE during hospitalization in Patients with CAD combined with AF.

Methods
A total of 3550 patients with AF and CAD were collected. They were randomly assigned to a training group and a validation group in a ratio of 7 : 3. Univariate and multivariate analyses were utilized to identify risk factors (P < 0.05). To avoid multicollinearity and overfit of the model, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator was conducted to further screen the risk factors. Calibration curves, receiver operating characteristic curves, and decision curve analyses are employed to assess the nomogram. For external validation, a cohort consisting of 249 patients was utilized from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV Clinical Database, version 2.2.

Results
Eight indicators with statistical differences were screened by univariate analysis, multivariate analysis, and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method (P < 0.05). The prediction model based on eight risk factors demonstrated good prediction performance in the training group, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.838. This performance was also maintained in the internal validation group (AUC = 0.835) and the external validation group (AUC = 0.806). Meanwhile, the calibration curve indicates that the nomogram was well-calibrated, and decision curve analysis revealed that the nomogram exhibited good clinical utility.

Conclusion
The nomogram we constructed may aid in stratifying the risk and predicting the prognosis for patients with CAD and AF.
Lactose malabsorption and intolerance in older adults
Authors: Gallo Antonella , Marzetti Emanuele , Pellegrino Simona , Montalto Massimo 
Published: June 2024

Purpose of review
Lactose malabsorption and intolerance are very common conditions. However, their optimal approach, including the diagnostic assessment, remains a matter of debate, especially in advanced age. In this brief review, we focused on current knowledge, concerns, and impact in clinical practice of lactose malabsorption and intolerance in elderly.

Recent findings
Older adults are at high risk of malnutrition, owing to frequent occurrence of cognitive impairment, loss of appetite, dysphagia, and poor oral health. A significant decrease in the consumption of dairy products may lead to inadequate intake of high-quality protein and minerals, with a consequent impact on muscle and bone health. Testing for lactose malabsorption may be challenging in older adults, if not useless. Instead, a detailed clinical evaluation should always be pursued to identify both lactose intolerance and all confounding factors mimicking the same clinical picture.

Summary
The management of lactose malabsorption and intolerance in older adults deserves a personalized approach. Because of the importance of maintaining an adequate nutritional status in this age group, efforts should be put forth to avoid excessively restrictive diets.
Risks and benefits of nonsugar sweeteners: conflicting evidence between observational studies and randomized controlled trials
Authors: Faeh David 
Published: June 2024

Purpose of review
Recommendations on the use of nonsugar sweeteners are contradictory, even if they come from official sources. The aim is to review and discuss recent findings on the potential impact of nonsugar sweeteners on human health.

Recent findings
While randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with short duration and risk factors endpoints mostly show favourable effects on body weight and cardiometabolic parameters when nonsugar sweeteners are used to replaced sugar-sweetened products, observational studies mostly show a positive association between the consumption of nonsugar sweeteners and cardiometabolic diseases. The conflicting results may be explained by the heterogenous nature of nonsugar sweeteners but also likely is a consequence of serious weaknesses of available studies.

Summary
For more evidence-based recommendations for practice and policy, scientifically sound studies with long follow-up are required.
Nutritional risk screening: a need to guide Alice in Nutritionland
Authors: Jager-Wittenaar Harriët , Sealy Martine , Naumann Elke , de van der Schueren Marian 
Published: June 2024

Purpose of review
With the shifts in society, healthcare and the profile of the malnourished individual, a re-consideration of the goal of nutritional risk screening is needed: screening for malnutrition, or screening for risk of malnutrition? In this review article, we reflect on the role of nutritional risk screening in relation to prevention and treatment of malnutrition.

Recent findings
Within the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) Initiative, modified Delphi studies are currently being conducted to reach global consensus on the conceptual definition and operationalization of ‘risk of malnutrition’. This is necessary because various studies have demonstrated that different nutritional screening tools identify different individuals, due to variability in screening tool criteria, which influences GLIM outcomes. Upon screening, three different situations can be distinguished: having risk factors for malnutrition without clear signs of presence of malnutrition, having mild signs of malnutrition (malnutrition in progress), or having obvious signs of malnutrition.

Summary
The outcomes of the studies on ‘risk of malnutrition’ will guide the screening step within the GLIM process, and will help professionals to make informed choices regarding screening policy and screening tool(s).
Cefuroxime induced agranulocytosis during heart transplant period: A case report
Authors: Liang Chu-Chun , Wei Jeng , Chang Chung-Yi 
Published: June 2024

Rationale:
Cefuroxime is a commonly prescribed antibiotic known for its overall safety profile. However, in rare instances, it can lead to a life-threatening condition known as idiosyncratic drug-induced agranulocytosis (IDIA). While there have been few documented cases linking cefuroxime to this severe adverse reaction, a recent study sheds light on a critical case involving a patient awaiting a heart transplant.

Patient concern:
In this study, the patient developed agranulocytosis after 16 days and 72 grams of cefuroxime treatment. Agranulocytosis is characterized by a drastic reduction in neutrophil count, in this case dropping to 0/mm3.

Diagnosis:
IDIA is characterized by a drastic reduction in neutrophil count, in this case dropping to 0/mm3.

Intervention:
This IDIA coincided with the availability of a donor heart, prompting the medical team to proceed with an immediate heart transplant despite the patient’s compromised immune status. Ceasing cefuroxime administration and initiating treatment with G-CSF for 3 days played a pivotal role in normalizing neutrophil levels. A meticulously planned immunosuppressant regimen was also initiated.

Outcomes:
Precise management of immunosuppressants contributed to the patient’s successful recovery, leading to discharge.

Lessons:
The rationale for studying cases like these lies in the need for heightened awareness among healthcare providers. By documenting and analyzing such cases, medical professionals can better understand the risk factors, clinical presentation, and optimal management strategies for this uncommon yet serious adverse reaction. Furthermore, the study underscores the significance of individualized patient care, especially in complex scenarios such as organ transplantation. Precise adjustments to immunosuppressant therapy are crucial to balance the risks of rejection and infection, particularly in patients with compromised immune systems due to drug-induced agranulocytosis. In conclusion, this case serves as a reminder of the unpredictable nature of drug reactions and the importance of vigilant monitoring and rapid intervention in managing potentially life-threatening complications.
Artificial intelligence in maxillofacial and facial plastic and reconstructive surgery
Authors: Fung Ethan , Patel Dhruv , Tatum Sherard 
Published: June 2024

Purpose of review
To provide a current review of artificial intelligence and its subtypes in maxillofacial and facial plastic surgery including a discussion of implications and ethical concerns.

Recent findings
Artificial intelligence has gained popularity in recent years due to technological advancements. The current literature has begun to explore the use of artificial intelligence in various medical fields, but there is limited contribution to maxillofacial and facial plastic surgery due to the wide variance in anatomical facial features as well as subjective influences. In this review article, we found artificial intelligence's roles, so far, are to automatically update patient records, produce 3D models for preoperative planning, perform cephalometric analyses, and provide diagnostic evaluation of oropharyngeal malignancies.

Summary
Artificial intelligence has solidified a role in maxillofacial and facial plastic surgery within the past few years. As high-quality databases expand with more patients, the role for artificial intelligence to assist in more complicated and unique cases becomes apparent. Despite its potential, ethical questions have been raised that should be noted as artificial intelligence continues to thrive. These questions include concerns such as compromise of the physician-patient relationship and healthcare justice.
Extracellular vesicles as novel uro-oncology biomarkers: insights toward clinical applications
Authors: Urabe Fumihiko , Tamura Takaaki , Sakamoto Shinichi , Kimura Takahiro , Ochiya Takahiro 
Published: June 2024

Purpose of review
We discussed the challenges associated with the clinical application of extracellular vesicles and summarized their potential impact on oncological clinical practice in urology.

Recent findings
Despite extensive research on extracellular vesicles, their clinical applications remain limited; this is likely to be because of small study cohorts, a lack of large-scale analyses, and the impact of variable extraction and storage methods on analysis outcomes. However, promising results have emerged from clinical trials targeting urinary extracellular vesicles in prostate cancer using ExoDx Prostate Test. The ExoDx Prostate Test has demonstrated its efficacy in diagnosing prostate cancer in previous studies and is the only FDA-approved kit for this purpose. Moreover, recent trials have investigated the use of the ExoDx Prostate Test to determine the optimal timing for biopsies in prostate cancer patients undergoing active surveillance.

Summary
We summarized recent studies on the potential of extracellular vesicles in the management of urological cancers. Particularly, the diagnosis of prostate cancer using the ExoDx Prostate Test has yielded positive results in several clinical trials. Additionally, while there are other studies suggesting its efficacy, most of these are based on retrospective analyses. These findings warrant further large-scale studies to optimize extracellular vesicle-based diagnostic and monitoring strategies. Although further research is required, extracellular vesicles would be attractive for early detection and surveillance.