bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of intraoperative red blood cell salvage on transfusion requirements and outcomes in radical prostatectomy
Authors: MacIvor Duncan , Nelson Joel , Triulzi Darrell 
Published: March 2009

BACKGROUND: Preoperative autologous blood donation lowers preoperative hemoglobin (Hb) levels, and the collected blood is frequently wasted. Intraoperative red blood cell (RBC) salvage provides fresher autologous blood in proportion to surgical blood loss, making cell salvage (CS) in radical prostatectomy (RP) feasible for study.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This retrospective study compared two strategies to reduce allogeneic RBC transfusion requirements in RP: preoperative autologous donation (PAD) versus CS. Patients underwent RP by one surgeon at one institution during two comparable time periods in 2005 (PAD—Group 1) and 2006 (CS—Group 2).RESULTS: Group 1 patients (n = 40) underwent PAD, collecting 63 autologous RBC units; 36 units (57.1%) were reinfused and 27 (42.9%) were wasted. No Group 1 patient received allogeneic blood. Group 2 patients (n = 63) underwent intraoperative CS and received a mean of 287 mL of salvaged blood. In Group 2, two patients (3.2%) with preoperative Hb levels too low to permit autologous donation each received 2 units of allogeneic RBCs. Group 1 patients had significantly lower preoperative (−1.4 g/dL) and postoperative (−0.8 g/dL) Hb values compared to the CS group. There were no significant differences between groups in procedure times, length of stay, or numbers of cancer recurrences over the 24‐ to 36‐month follow‐up period.CONCLUSION: Perioperative CS can effectively replace PAD for RP patients, offering similar avoidance of allogeneic transfusion, with greater convenience and superior postoperative Hb levels.
Time course and etiology of death in patients with severe anemia
Authors: Tobian Aaron A.R. , Ness Paul M. , Noveck Helaine , Carson Jeffrey L. 
Published: March 2009

BACKGROUND: Mortality increases as hemoglobin (Hb) levels fall. Among severely anemic patients, the clinical course, cause of death, and whether there are any warning signs before death are unknown.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was performed of surgical patients who refused red blood cell transfusions for religious reasons and died with a Hb concentration 6 g/dL or less. Mortality was defined as death that occurred during hospitalization.RESULTS: Among the 1958 Jehovah's Witness patients that had surgery, 117 (5.6%) had a postoperative Hb level of 6 g/dL or less and 39 (33.3%) of these individuals died in the hospital. The median number of days from surgery to the lowest Hb level was 3 days (range, 0‐22 days; interquartile range, 1‐8 days) and from the lowest postoperative Hb level to death was 2 days (range, 0‐40 days; interquartile range, 1‐12 days). Individuals with a Hb level of 2.0 g/dL or less had on median 1.0 (interquartile range, 0.5‐1.5) day from their lowest Hb to death while individuals with their lowest Hb ranging between 4.1 and 5.0 g/dL had on median 11 (interquartile range, 1‐23) days from their lowest Hb to death. Except for anemia, no single etiology of death was predominant.CONCLUSIONS: While there does not appear to be any single etiology that can be predictive or preventative of mortality for anemic patients, individuals with very low Hb concentrations often do not die quickly. Thus, there appears to be a potential time window where transfusion medicine physicians may intervene.
Shorter AV Delays Provide Improved Echocardiographic Hemodynamics during Exercise in Patients Receiving Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Authors: GRIMM RICHARD A. , SUN JING PING , AGLER DEBORAH , FITZGERALD BEN , WILKOFF BRUCE , HILPISCH KATHRYN , PERLIC GEORGE , CHINCHOY EDWARD 
Published: March 2009

Background:

Although atrial ventricular (AV) intervals are often optimized at rest in patients receiving cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), there are limited data on the impact of exercise on optimal AV interval.
Methods:

In 15 patients with CRT, AV intervals were serially programmed while patients were supine and at rest, and during exercise with heart rates that averaged 20 and 40 beats per minute above their resting rates. Echocardiographic Doppler images were acquired at each programmed AV interval and each rate. Three independent echocardiographic criteria were retrospectively used to determine each patient's optimal AV interval as a function of exercise‐induced increased heart rates: the duration of left ventricular filling, stroke volume, and a clinical assessment of left ventricular function.
Results:

A negative correlation between the optimal AV interval and heart rate was observed across all patients using all three independent criterion: the maximum left ventricular filling time (slope =–0.77, intercept = 151.9, r = 0.55, P < 0.001), maximum stroke volume (slope =–0.93, intercept = 183.3, r = 0.50, P = 0.002), or the subjective clinical assessment (slope =–1.06, intercept = 182.0, r = 0.72, P < 0.001). Consistent trends were observed between all three parameters for 12 out of the 15 patients.
Conclusions:

These results suggest that in patients indicated for CRT, rate‐adaptive functions may be useful to shorten AV intervals with increased rate, in order to maximize left ventricular filling, stroke volume, and clinical left ventricular function. Further studies are necessary to determine the clinical impact of these rate‐adaptive algorithms.
A Technique for the Rapid Diagnosis of Wide Complex Tachycardia with 1:1 AV Relationship in the Electrophysiology Laboratory
Authors: ABDELWAHAB AMIR , GARDNER MARTIN J. , BASTA MAGDY N. , PARKASH RATIKA , KHAN AAMIR , SAPP JOHN L. 
Published: March 2009

Background:

The differential diagnosis of wide complex tachycardia (WCT) with 1:1 atrioventricular (AV) relationship is broad. Accurate identification of the tachycardia mechanism is essential for successful ablation. We suggest a simple pacing maneuver that can immediately clarify the tachycardia mechanism in the electrophysiology laboratory.
Methods:

Eight consecutive patients (four males, 32 ± 14 years) demonstrating stable sustained WCT with persistent 1:1 AV relationship during electrophysiologic testing were included in this study. During the tachycardia, atrial overdrive pacing was performed. The following responses were observed: (1) a change of the QRS morphology during atrial pacing and (2) the first return electrogram of the tachycardia, whether occurring in the atrium (AVA response) or in the ventricle (AVVA response).
Results:

Atrial overdrive pacing was successfully performed in all patients. It was associated with either a change or narrowing of the QRS in all ventricular tachycardia (VT) patients but not in supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) patients. All VT patients had an AVVA response upon cessation of atrial overdrive pacing as opposed to AVA response in SVT patients, P = 0.029.
Conclusion:

The response to atrial overdrive pacing during WCT with 1:1 AV relationship can rapidly diagnose or rule out VT as a mechanism of tachycardia.
Behind Fluorodeoxy‐Glucose: the Role of Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography for Fluorine‐18 Labelled PET‐Tracer Imaging
Authors: Rendl G. , Rettenbacher L. , Pirich C. 
Published: March 2009

SummaryF‐18 fluorodeoxy‐glucose (FDG) is the most widely used tracer in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in Nuclear Medicine. This review deals with the clinical value of other F‐18 labelled PET tracers targeting different biological substrates.
The Incremental Value of F‐18 FDG PET and PET/CT in Malignant Lymphoma
Authors: Gallowitsch H. J. , Igerc I. , Kohlfürst S. , Lind P. 
Published: March 2009

SummaryF‐18 FDG positron emission tomography (PET) is able to diagnose viable lymphoma tissue due to its elevated glucose metabolism, independent of the size of the lesions. For staging purposes, the value of FDG PET in Hodgkin’s (HL) and high‐grade non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) lies predominantly in a change of tumour stage with the consequence of a modification of therapeutic regimen and a more exact definition of radiotherapy (RTX) planning volume. In indolent lymphoma, a pre‐therapeutic scan is mandatory for further therapy monitoring due to variable FDG‐uptake. In restaging HL and NHL, discrimination between viable residual lymphoma and necrosis in case of a residual bulk is possible with FDG PET, which is limited by conventional methods. PET/CT combines the advantages of PET and CT and performs better than each method alone by further improving the accuracy of staging and response assessment over that of CT alone. There are a lower proportion of equivocal or benign findings because PET‐CT specifies the nature of uptake. Some studies have demonstrated the possibility of therapy monitoring, but further prospective studies have to be performed before therapy may be avoided or modified according to the results of the PET/CT examination.
Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Primitivo Wine: Comparison among Winemaking Technologies
Authors: Baiano A. , Terracone C. , Gambacorta G. , La Notte E. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT:  The aim of this study was to assess the influence of 9 winemaking technologies (traditional, delestage, saignée, delayed punching‐down, addition of grape seed tannins, addition of ellagic‐skin‐seed tannins, heating of must‐wine, cryo‐maceration, and prolonged maceration) on the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of Primitivo musts and wines. Three methods for the determination of the antioxidant activity were compared: DPPH, β‐carotene bleaching assay, and ABTS. Oenological parameters and composition of the phenolic fraction of 1‐y‐aged wines was also determined. The addition of tannins allowed the increase of the phenolic content of musts and wines in a greater amount than the other technologies. The results concerning the antioxidant activity depended on the method applied. Concerning musts, the DPPH assay did not highlight great differences among technologies, whereas the addition of tannins allowed the obtainment of the highest antioxidant activity according to β‐carotene and ABTS assays. The wine aging determined an increase of the antioxidant activity, independently on the method applied. Wine obtained through traditional technology, saignée, and addition of tannins showed the highest antioxidant activities according to DPPH and β‐carotene. The highest correlation coefficients (0.961 and 0.932) were calculated between phenolic content and ABTS values of musts whereas the lowest values (0.413 and 0.517) were calculated between phenolic content and ABTS values of wines. Wines produced through traditional technology were the richest in anthocyanins. The addition of tannins allowed to obtain high content in monomeric anthocyanins, flavonoids, flavans reactive to vanillin, and coumaroylated malvidin and a low content in acetylated malvidin.Practical Applications: It is well known that a moderate consumption (equivalent to 2 glasses per day) of red wine is actually recommended since it appears associated with a decreased incidence of cardiovascular diseases. The mechanisms involved in this protective effect are not completely understood although they appear related to the presence of phenolic compounds. To increase the intake of these compounds without increase of the wine consumption, it is necessary to improve their extraction during maceration. This study could represent a helpful tool for wineries aimed to know the way to increase the antioxidant content of their wines, thus changing them in functional beverages and prolonging their shelf life.
Spectroscopic Investigations on the Binding of the Photosensitizer Chlorin p6 with Amine‐modified Silica Nanoparticles in Aqueous Media
Authors: Jain Beena , Uppal Abha , Gupta Pradeep K. , Das Kaustuv 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAbsorption and emission properties of the amphiphilic photosensitizer Chlorin p6 were investigated in aqueous medium in the presence of silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) having positively charged amino groups. The results of these studies reveal that the acid–base ionization equilibrium of Chlorin p6 in aqueous medium is significantly affected as a result of strong electrostatic binding between the negatively charged drug and SiNP. The spectroscopic signature of the drug bound to SiNPs suggests that the tri‐anionic form of the drug remains bound to the positively charged SiNPs at pH 8.0. As the pH is progressively decreased the formation of hydrophobic aggregates is disrupted significantly due to the presence of electrostatic binding force, which competes with intermolecular hydrophobic forces. The interplay of hydrophobic and electrostatic forces in the drug–nanoparticle binding process might affect the relative uptake and photodynamic efficacy of the free drug and the drug–nanoparticle complex in cancer cells.
Photochemistry of Oxazolidinone Antibacterial Drugs†
Authors: Fasani Elisa , Tilocca Fedele , Albini Angelo 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe photochemistry of six N3‐(3‐fluoro‐4‐dialkylaminophenyl)‐oxazolidinones known for their antimicrobial activity has been examined. All of these compounds are defluorinated in water (Φdec ≈ 0.25) and in methanol (Φdec ≈ 0.03), reasonably via the triplet. The chemical processes observed are reductive defluorination and solvolysis, depending on the structural variation introduced (thus, tethering the dialkylamino group to the aromatic ring and introducing a highly polar group in the oxazolidinone moiety have an effect). A likely mechanism involves the fragmentation of the C–F bond yielding the corresponding triplet phenyl cation. This intermediate either is reduced or, under appropriate conditions, intersystem crosses to the singlet state that adds the solvent. These data demonstrate a sizeable photodecomposition of these drugs that causes a decrease in the therapeutic activity. Furthermore, the likely formation of phenyl cations may cause a photogenotoxic effect.
Standardization of In Vitro Macrophotography for Assessment of Cutaneous Responses
Authors: Coelho Sergio G. , Koo Eubee , Hearing Vincent J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe increased popularity of commercially available three‐dimensional human skin equivalents in recent years has allowed for assessment of melanogenesis modulated by compounds topically applied to the skin or directly incorporated from the medium. These skin equivalents provide a suitable model for elucidating the mechanisms of action of various factors that modulate skin pigmentation or other properties of the skin. As such, researchers need to objectively quantify cutaneous responses at the macroscopic level. A simple method to standardize macrophotography images is reported that can quantify cutaneous responses in human skin equivalents of Asian, Black or African American, and Caucasian or White racial/ethnic origin. Macrophotographs are analyzed using the Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage L*a*b* color space system in combination with a personal computer and image editing software. Pigmentation changes monitored over a 9 day period showed a high correlation with melanin content evaluated in Fontana–Masson‐stained sections. These results indicate the feasibility of using a macrophotography setup in a sterile tissue culture environment to objectively assess in vitro cutaneous responses in human skin equivalents. This serves as an adjunct tool to biochemical and morphological methods to effectively quantify changes in pigmentation over time.
Characterization of microsatellite loci for the Australian sea urchin Heliocidaris erythrogramma
Authors: BINKS RACHEL M. , LUKEHURST SHERRALEE S. , GARCÍA‐GONZÁLEZ FRANCISCO , EVANS JONATHAN P. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe report 16 polymorphic microsatellite loci from Heliocidaris erythrogramma, a common sea urchin endemic to temperate Australian waters. These microsatellites were tested in a minimum of 30 individuals, which yielded between five and 14 alleles per locus. Expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.52 to 0.92 with four loci deviating from Hardy–Weinberg expectations. These markers are expected to be useful for experimental studies involving paternity analysis and for quantifying population structure in H. erythrogramma across its geographic range.
Isolation and characterization of 12 novel DNA microsatellites in the western rainbowfish, Melanotaenia australis
Authors: YOUNG MICHAEL J. , SIMMONS LEIGH W. , EVANS JONATHAN P. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMicrosatellites were isolated from the western rainbowfish, Melanotaenia australis, for use as molecular markers. Twelve polymorphic loci were found. When characterized using 32 individuals, these had between two and 24 alleles each, and observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.00 to 0.97. Ten loci were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, and all of them showed independent inheritance. These loci will be useful for the study of molecular subdivision in this species.
Association of Blood Lactate Concentration and Outcome in Foals
Authors: Wotman K. , Wilkins P.A. , Palmer J.E. , Boston R.C. 
Published: March 2009

Background:Lactate concentration in blood or plasma ([LAC]) and change in [LAC] are associated with survival in sick foals.Hypothesis:[LAC] and change in [LAC] over time are associated with survival at 96 hours and discharge in neonatal foals. Furthermore [LAC] and change in [LAC] over time correlate with blood culture results and blood pressure at admission.Animals:Two hundred and twenty‐five foals consecutively admitted to a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.Methods:Retrospective case review. Foals ≤30 days of age with [LAC] from arterial (190) or umbilical (35) blood gas analysis ([LAC]BG) at admission, 24, and 48 hours. [LAC]BG, blood pressure, blood culture status, and outcome (survival versus nonsurvival at 96 hours and discharge) were recorded. Change in [LAC]BGover time ([LAC]BGΔT) was calculated.Results:[LAC]BGwas lower in survivors (96 hours and discharge) at all times. [LAC]BGΔT was larger for survivors (96 hours). Odds of survival (96 hours and discharge) decreased 18, 39, 53 and 22, 38, and 47%, respectively, at each sample time for every 1 mmol/L increment in [LAC]BGand increased 156% for each 1.0/day increment in [LAC]BGΔT from admission to 24 hours at 96 hours. Blood pressure and [LAC]BGwere not correlated (P= .196) until removal of selected foals (mean arterial pressure <60 mmHg, admission [LAC]BG<5.5 mmol/L) (P< .001). Bacteremia was not associated with [LAC]BG. Proposed admission [LAC]BGcut‐points for future studies were 6.5 mmol/L (96 hours) and 5.5 mmol/L (discharge).Conclusions and Clinical Importance:Prospective studies evaluating [LAC], [LAC]BGΔT, and cut‐points in sick foals are warranted.
Effect of Absorptive
Coating of the Hot Fluid Passage of a Heat Exchanger Employing Exergy-Optimized Pin Fins in High
Temperature Applications
Authors: Nwachukwu Nwosu
P. , Onyegegbu Samuel
O. 
Published: March 2009

Abstracts
An expression for the optimum pin fin dimension is derived on exergy basis for a high temperature exchanger employing pin fins. The present result differs from that obtained by Poulikakos and Bejan (1982, “Fin Geometry for Minimum Entropy Generation in Forced Convection,” ASME J. Heat Transfer, 104, pp. 616–623) for a low temperature heat recovery application. Also, a simple relation is established between the amounts the base temperature of the optimized pin fin is raised for a range of absorptive coating values. Employing this relation, if the absorptivity of the coating, the plate emissivity, the number of protruding fins, and some area and fluid parameters are known, the corresponding value for the base temperature of the fin is immediately obtained. The analysis shows that the thermal performance of the exchanger improves substantially with a high absorptivity coating hence can be seen as a heat transfer enhancement feature of the exchanger operating with radiation dominance.
Performance
of Gas-to-Gas Micro-Heat Exchangers
Authors: Miwa J. , Asako Y. , Hong C. , Faghri M. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Heat transfer performance of two-stream parallel and counter-flow gas-to-gas micro-heat exchangers are investigated numerically. Flow passages are plane channels with heights in the range of 10–100μm and selected lengths of 12.7mm and 25.4mm. Numerical methodology is based on the arbitrary-Lagrangian-Eulerian method. Computations were performed to find the effects of capacity ratio, channel height, and length on the heat transfer characteristics of micro-heat exchangers. To results are presented in the form of temperature contours, bulk temperatures, total temperatures, and heat flux variation along the channel. It was found that the temperature inversion occurs under certain conditions. Also, the effectiveness and the number of transfer units approach and the estimation of the heat exchange rate were discussed. The range of parameters where the predicted effectiveness agrees with the numerical result were investigated.
ON CHAOTIC BEHAVIOR OF A FIXED OFFSHORE STRUCTURE
Authors: CASSIANO JEFERSON , BALTHAZAR JOSÉ MANOEL 
Published: March 2009

In this paper we analyze the qualitative behavior of a fixed offshore oil platform under sea action perturbation (flows and tides), which is modeled by an inverted rigid pendulum with an elastic articulation at sea surface. We study their bifurcation properties provided by analytical framework and investigate their response to small oscillations, considered a more realistic case taking into consideration the platform features as flexibility and saturation. Our goal is to establish analytic conditions for chaotic oscillations occurrence in this model using the Poincaré–Mel'nikov's criterion for separatrix splitting in transverse orbits, considering external periodic force.
Relation Between Cerebral Perfusion Territories and Location of Cerebral Infarcts
Authors: Hendrikse Jeroen , Petersen Esben Thade , Chèze Amandine , Chng Soke Miang , Venketasubramanian Narayanaswamy , Golay Xavier 
Published: March 2009

Background and Purpose—The perfusion territories of the brain-feeding arteries are difficult to assess in vivo and therefore standard cerebral perfusion territory templates are often used to determine the relation between cerebral infarcts and the feeding vasculature. In the present study, we compared this infarct classification, using standard templates, with the individualized depiction of cerebral perfusion territories on MRI.Methods—The ethics committee of our institution approved the study protocol. A total of 159 patients (92 male, 67 female; mean age, 58.9 years) with first-time clinical symptoms of cerebral ischemia were included in the study. Diffusion-weighted imaging was used for depiction of the area of ischemia and the perfusion territories of the left internal carotid artery, right internal carotid artery, and vertebrobasilar arteries were visualized with territorial arterial spin labeling MRI. Infarct locations with respect to cerebral perfusion territories were evaluated with and without territorial arterial spin labeling MRI images.Results—In 92% of the patients, the territorial arterial spin labeling images were of diagnostic quality. One hundred thirty-six patients showed areas of ischemia on diffusion-weighted images. The additional information from the territorial arterial spin labeling images changed the classification in 11% of the cortical or border zone infarcts (6 of 56), whereas no territorial changes were observed in lacunar, periventricular, cerebellar, and brainstem infarcts.Conclusion—The diagnostic information provided by perfusion territory imaging in patients with stroke is valuable for the classification of cortical and border zone infarcts, whereas no change of the textbook-based classification was observed for other infarct types.