bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface terminations control charge transfer from bulk to surface states in topological insulators
Authors: Fukumoto Keiki , Lee Seunghee , Adachi Shin-ichi , Suzuki Yuta , Kusakabe Koichi , Yamamoto Rikuto , Kitatani Motoharu , Ishida Kunio , Nakagawa Yoshinori , Merkel Michael , Shiga Daisuke , Kumigashira Hiroshi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTopological insulators (TI) hold significant potential for various electronic and optoelectronic devices that rely on the Dirac surface state (DSS), including spintronic and thermoelectric devices, as well as terahertz detectors. The behavior of electrons within the DSS plays a pivotal role in the performance of such devices. It is expected that DSS appear on a surface of three dimensional(3D) TI by mechanical exfoliation. However, it is not always the case that the surface terminating atomic configuration and corresponding band structures are homogeneous. In order to investigate the impact of surface terminating atomic configurations on electron dynamics, we meticulously examined the electron dynamics at the exfoliated surface of a crystalline 3D TI (Bi$$_2$$

2

Se$$_3$$

3

) with time, space, and energy resolutions. Based on our comprehensive band structure calculations, we found that on one of the Se-terminated surfaces, DSS is located within the bulk band gap, with no other surface states manifesting within this region. On this particular surface, photoexcited electrons within the conduction band effectively relax towards DSS and tend to linger at the Dirac point for extended periods of time. It is worth emphasizing that these distinct characteristics of DSS are exclusively observed on this particular surface.
Research on proactive defense and dynamic repair of complex networks considering cascading effects
Authors: Shi Zhuoying , Wang Ying , Li Haijuan , Feng Gang , Fu Chaoqi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCascading effects can result in the nonlinear propagation of failures in complex networks, ultimately leading to network collapse. Research on the fault propagation principles, defense strategies, and repair strategies can help mitigate the effects of cascading failures. Especially, proactive defense and dynamic repair are flexible and effective methods to ensure network security. Most studies on the cascade of complex networks are based on the unprocessed initial information of the network. However, marginal nodes are a type of node that cloaks the initial information of the network. In this study, we rank the importance of nodes according to the intensity of network energy confusion after the removal of this node, clarify the meaning of marginal nodes and proposed two methods to screen marginal nodes. The results indicated that the proactive removal of marginal nodes can effectively reduce the effect of cascading failures without causing any negative disturbance to the energy flow of the network. In addition, network repair according to the proposed strategy can minimize the cascade effect in the repair process and improve repair efficiency.
Influence of different position modal parameters on milling chatter stability of orthopedic surgery robots
Authors: Tian Heqiang , Pang Bo , Liu Junqiang , Meng Debao , Dang Xiaoqing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis research is dedicated to exploring the dynamics of milling chatter stability in orthopedic surgery robots, focusing on the impact of position modal parameters on chatter stability. Initially, we develop a dynamic milling force model for the robotic milling process that integrates both modal coupling and regenerative effects. We then employ the zero-order frequency domain method to derive a chatter stability domain model, visually represented through stability lobe diagrams (SLDs). Through conducting hammer test experiments, we ascertain the robot's modal parameters at varying positions, enabling the precise generation of SLDs. This study also includes experimental validation of the chatter SLD analysis method, laying the groundwork for further examination of chatter stability across different positional modal parameters. Finally, our analysis of the variations in modal parameters on the stability of robot milling chatter yields a theoretical framework for optimizing cutting parameters and developing control strategies within the context of orthopedic surgery robots.
Temporal niche partitioning among sympatric wild and domestic ungulates between warm and cold seasons
Authors: Wang Jian-Feng , Xu Kai , Yao Song , Liu Tong , Yu Bo , Huang Xiao-Qun , Xiao Zhi-Shu , Xia Dong-Po 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe coexistence of sympatric species with similar ecological niches has been a central issue in ecology. Clarifying the daily activity patterns of sympatric wild ungulates can help understand their temporal niche differentiation and the mechanisms of coexistence, providing information for their conservation. The Baotianman National Nature Reserve in northern China is rich in wild ungulates, but little is known about the daily activity patterns of wild ungulates in the area, making it difficult to develop effective conservation strategies. We studied five representative wild ungulates (i.e. forest musk deer, Chinese goral, Reeve’s muntjac, Siberian roe deer, and wild boar) of the region using camera-trapping data, focusing on the seasonal daily activity patterns and effects of seasonal grazing of domestic sheep, to reveal their coexistence based on temporal ecological niche differentiation. Comparative analyses of the seasonal daily activity showed that forest musk deer exhibited a single-peak activity in the warm season. Other ungulates exhibited multipeak activity. All five ungulates differed significantly in daily activity patterns. Notably, wild boar and Reeve’s muntjac showed high overlap coefficients between the cold and warm seasons. In both cold and warm seasons, the five wild ungulates and domestic sheep displayed low overlap in their daily activity rhythms potentially indicating temporal ecological niche differentiation. The results suggest that temporal isolation might be a strategy for wild ungulates to avoid domestic sheep and reduce interspecific competition, and that temporal ecological niche differentiation potentially promoted the coexistence among the studied sympatric ungulates. This understanding may provide new insights for the development of targeted conservation strategies.
Fusobacterium nucleatum infection modulates the transcriptome and epigenome of HCT116 colorectal cancer cells in an oxygen-dependent manner
Authors: Udayasuryan Barath , Zhou Zirui , Ahmad Raffae N. , Sobol Polina , Deng Chengyu , Nguyen Tam T. D. , Kodikalla Shivanie , Morrison Ryan , Goswami Ishan , Slade Daniel J. , Verbridge Scott S. , Lu Chang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFusobacterium nucleatum, a gram-negative oral bacterium, has been consistently validated as a strong contributor to the progression of several types of cancer, including colorectal (CRC) and pancreatic cancer. While previous in vitro studies have shown that intracellular F. nucleatum enhances malignant phenotypes such as cell migration, the dependence of this regulation on features of the tumor microenvironment (TME) such as oxygen levels are wholly uncharacterized. Here we examine the influence of hypoxia in facilitating F. nucleatum invasion and its effects on host responses focusing on changes in the global epigenome and transcriptome. Using a multiomic approach, we analyze epigenomic alterations of H3K27ac and global transcriptomic alterations sustained within a hypoxia and normoxia conditioned CRC cell line HCT116 at 24 h following initial infection with F. nucleatum. Our findings reveal that intracellular F. nucleatum activates signaling pathways and biological processes in host cells similar to those induced upon hypoxia conditioning in the absence of infection. Furthermore, we show that a hypoxic TME favors F. nucleatum invasion and persistence and therefore infection under hypoxia may amplify malignant transformation by exacerbating the effects induced by hypoxia alone. These results motivate future studies to investigate host-microbe interactions in tumor tissue relevant conditions that more accurately define parameters for targeted cancer therapies.
Sense of self in first-time pregnancy
Authors: Perrykkad Kelsey , O’Neill Rebecca , Jamadar Sharna D. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPregnancy is a time of profound upheaval of the self, when in addition to undergoing dramatic physical changes to accommodate a developing foetus, significant cognitive and social transformations occur in preparation for birth and parenthood. So far, research into cognitive constructions of the self has been either infant-centric or psychopathology-focused, so our understanding of the healthy, changing self in pregnancy remains relatively poor. This online experiment uses online questionnaires and two cognitive tasks to investigate how constructs relating to the mental self-model, including body representation, self-concept clarity, sense of agency, general self-efficacy and self-attribute learning, differ between first-time pregnant (n = 100) and never-been pregnant (n = 102) women. Results indicate that first-time pregnancy is associated with a significantly higher sense of body agency, body visibility, and body estrangement. Poorer accuracy for newly learned associations was also observed in the pregnant group. Whilst a typical self-processing bias was observed in both groups as expected, an intentional binding effect was absent. Notably, post-hoc exploratory analyses provide initial evidence for trimester effects, with a decisively higher self-reported sense of negative agency in the first trimester compared to the never-pregnant group and other trimesters. Further, body agency and self-efficacy were higher in the second-trimester group compared to the never-pregnant group, suggesting a period of relative recovery and consolidation of the new self. Taken together, our results suggest that aspects of self-representation and agency undergo significant shifts over the course of pregnancy and provide multiple exciting avenues for future research.
The Effect of Implementation of the National Early Warning Scoring System 2 on the Outcomes of COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Qaddumi Jamal , Tukhi Islam Mohammad 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Introduction It is crucial to have tools to predict the clinical deterioration of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. We aimed to study the efficacy of the National Early Warning Scoring System (NEWS2) application in predicting the risk of clinical relapse and outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients at Palestinian specialized centers for COVID-19.
Patients and Methods A quasi-experimental design was applied. A sample of 384 adult patients was divided into two groups. For the pre-NEWS phase (control group) and the post-NEWS phase (study group), all study participants were observed until death or hospital discharge.
Results Comparing the pre-NEWS phase with the post-NEWS phase, a significant decrease was found in the mean length of hospital stay from 8.1 ± 5.5 to 6.4 ± 5.3 days (p = 0.002) and a reduction in the mortality rate from 19.8% during the pre-NEWS phase to 12.5% during the post-NEWS phase (p = 0.071). The predictive value of NEWS was an excellent predictor of admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), as indicated by an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.91 (95% confidence interval: 0.87–0.96, p < 0.001). Also, a significant difference in the frequency of monitoring patients' vital signs was observed between the control group (pre-NEWS phase) and the study group (post-NEWS phase) following clinical deterioration (10.1 ± 7.8 [pre-NEWS phase] vs. 23.4 ± 0.7 [post-NEWS phase], p < 0.001).
Conclusion Implementation of NEWS2 showed a significant improvement in hospitalized COVID-19 patient outcomes (length of stay, predicted ICU admissions, mortality rate, and frequency of vital signs measurements), which indirectly raised the follow-up of those patients by the medical team and attributed to a significant prediction of their deterioration.
Global Re-emergence of Monkeypox: A Synoptic Review
Authors: Memariani Mojtaba , Memariani Hamed 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAs the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic continues to rage, the unprecedented manifold increase in monkeypox (mpox) cases throughout the world is raising qualms about a possible pandemic. As of January 2024, the disease has been reported in around 116 countries, with nearly 92,500 confirmed cases and 170 deaths. In this mini-review, we have endeavored to cover multiple aspects of the mpox disease. Mpox virus is an enveloped double-stranded DNA virus that belongs to the Orthopoxvirus genus. The disease is endemic in certain African countries. Until recently, however, the disease was rarely reported in Europe and the United States. In contrast to the previous outbreaks outside Africa, reported cases in the 2022 outbreak did not travel to the endemic areas. Superspreading events at mass gatherings, multiple-partner sexual encounters, and international travel were major drivers of the recent global outbreak of mpox. The 2022 mpox virus may have undergone accelerated evolution. It diverges from the related 2018 to 2019 viruses by around 50 single-nucleotide polymorphisms, some of which brought about amino acid changes in immunogenic surface glycoprotein B21. Differential diagnosis for mpox could be quite challenging since it can masquerade as a wide variety of illnesses. Worse still, some patients may be asymptomatic or show subtle symptoms. The infection is confirmed by conventional or real-time polymerase chain reaction on lesion material. Although there is no specific therapy approved for mpox infections, two antivirals (tecovirimat and brincidofovir) and vaccinia immune globulin may be used. Vaccines also provide protection against mpox when properly administered prior to exposure. Finally, the implementation of preventive measures is of paramount importance, especially in regions where mpox transmission is widespread and among high-risk populations.
Loving a good fight: personality traits and reactions to conflict in TV debates
Authors: Taylor Sophie , Gherghina Sergiu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article seeks to contribute to our understanding of media influence on political behaviour by investigating the ways in which people with different personality types react to candidates’ conflicting rhetoric in televised debates during election campaigns. It analyses responses along three reaction types: evaluations of candidate character, debate performance, and voting intentions in two debate clips from the 2019 UK general election and 2022 Australian federal election. The study uses semi-structured interviews with respondents in the UK and relies on deductive, flexible thematic analysis. The findings show that respondents’ personality traits are associated with different reactions to conflict in televised debates, which are sometimes mediated by the nature of attack, partisanship and preconceptions about candidates especially in the UK debate.
ESG performance on the value of family firms: international evidence during Covid-19
Authors: Espinosa-Méndez Christian , Maquieira Carlos , Arias José Tomás 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe link between the financial success of family companies during COVID-19 and their environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance is examined for the first time in this research. We have a natural setting in the COVID-19 era to see if the market rewards family-run firms that integrate social and environmental concerns into their goals during uncertain times. Since they can enhance their image and reputation, which the market values, these companies are likely to pursue broader social objectives, such as environmental improvement (socioemotional wealth perspective); alternatively, managers can act as stewards of the family’s interests by using these initiatives to increase the company’s value (stewardship perspective). However, it is also possible that in this type of companies economic interests prevail over social wellness (“amoral familism”). Therefore, family-owned firms could be reluctant to implement ESG practices unless they yield certain socioemotional benefits, including enhancing or maintaining their reputation in the public eye. In light of the above, we use an international display of the 500 biggest family firms in the world from 2015 to 2021. Taking into account an endogenous relationship between ESG performance and family business value, the study uses generalized moments to construct a dynamic panel (GMM). The primary conclusion is that there is a positive correlation between corporate valuation and ESG performance. Nonetheless, it has been noted that the performance of the companies is negatively impacted during the COVID-19 period. However, for firms with superior ESG performance, this negative impact did not exist over this period, supporting the idea that investors view better ESG performance as a prediction of future good stock performance. The results have a variety of implications. To begin with, this study adds to the body of knowledge on the environmentally friendly and sustainable expansion of family companies by providing recommendations for investors and businesses to better understand the influence of ESG on the profitability of family businesses. Furthermore, managers have to concentrate on enhancing the ESG performance of their organizations as it has the potential to increase value, draw in investments, encourage sustainability, control risks, affect earnings, and interact with the ownership structure. Additionally, managers need to consider how important it is to have a strong ESG performance in order to mitigate the negative effects of external crises like the COVID-19 epidemic. It’s crucial to remember that the precise impact might change based on the sector and other aspects unique to each company.
Deterministic generation of highly squeezed GKP states in ultracold atoms
Authors: Kendell Harry C. P. , Ferranti Giacomo , Weidner Carrie A. 
Published: May 2024

We demonstrate a method for encoding Gottesman–Kitaev–Preskill (GKP) error-correcting qubits with single ultracold atoms trapped in individual sites of a deep optical lattice. Using quantum optimal control protocols, we demonstrate the generation of GKP qubit states with 10 dB squeezing, which is the current minimum allowable squeezing level for use in surface code error correction. States are encoded in the vibrational levels of the individual lattice sites and generated via phase modulation of the lattice potential. Finally, we provide a feasible experimental protocol for the realization of these states. Our protocol opens up possibilities for generating large arrays of atomic GKP states for continuous-variable quantum information.
Wear performance of FeCuMoTiV high entropy alloy coatings by laser cladding
Authors: Li Hui , He Wei , Wang Feng , Han Xudong , Wang Xinyao , Wang Gonglin , Zhang Xiaolong , Shcheretskyi Oleksandr 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
FeCuMoTiV high-entropy alloy coatings were prepared on the surface of aluminum matrix composites using the laser cladding technique. The physical phase composition of the coating, the hardness of each physical phase, and the friction and wear behavior of the coating were studied in detail. The results show that: From the XRD and TEM analysis, the coating’s physical phases, BCC1(MoV) and BCC2(TiFe), are coherent. From the EBSD analysis, the grains of the coating have no obvious selective orientation, and the average equivalent circle diameter is 26.44 μm. Nanomechanical tests showed that the average hardness of the BCC1 phase in the coating was 7831.2 N mm−2, which provided the coating with excellent abrasion resistance. The average coefficient of friction of the coating showed a tendency to decrease and then increase with the increase of time, and it floated in the range of 0.3 ± 0.05. The coating forms a structure containing Fe2O3, MoO3, CuO, and TiO2 mixed oxide ‘glaze layer’ on the wear surface, which provides good lubrication. Combined with SEM analysis, the wear mechanism of the coating is a mixture of abrasive wear, oxidative wear, adhesive wear, and fatigue wear.
Densification and shaping of pure Cu-BTC powders using a solid-state chemical transformation
Authors: Karve Vikram V , Mabillard Alexandre , Espin Marti Jordi , Asgari Mehrdad , Queen Wendy L , Soutrenon Mathieu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
MOFs are a class of porous crystalline materials whose unique properties have led to applicability in several fields ranging from gas adsorption to drug delivery. Despite their high potential, MOFs are usually found as fine powders, a property that can limit their use in industrial applications. Here, a novel approach is proposed to form densified Cu-MOF (Cu-BTC) powders and monoliths using 1,2-ethanedisulfonic acid (EDSA) as a densification agent. A MOF/EDSA mixture was heated to ∼150 °C; the molten EDSA not only promotes the growth of larger MOF crystallites, but also stimulates condensation reactions between the carboxylate-based MOF ligands, further binding the particles together. When this reaction was done in a stainless-steel die under pressure MOF-based monoliths could also be formed. Notably, using this approach, the MOF had a higher density, significantly improving the volumetric CO2 adsorption capacity. We believe this contribution provides the basis for future work wherein the intrinsic MOF particle surfaces can be selectively engineered to improve their properties towards shaping for industrial applications.
Privacy-preserving quantum federated learning via gradient hiding
Authors: Li Changhao , Kumar Niraj , Song Zhixin , Chakrabarti Shouvanik , Pistoia Marco 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Distributed quantum computing, particularly distributed quantum machine learning, has gained substantial prominence for its capacity to harness the collective power of distributed quantum resources, transcending the limitations of individual quantum nodes. Meanwhile, the critical concern of privacy within distributed computing protocols remains a significant challenge, particularly in standard classical federated learning (FL) scenarios where data of participating clients is susceptible to leakage via gradient inversion attacks by the server. This paper presents innovative quantum protocols with quantum communication designed to address the FL problem, strengthen privacy measures, and optimize communication efficiency. In contrast to previous works that leverage expressive variational quantum circuits or differential privacy techniques, we consider gradient information concealment using quantum states and propose two distinct FL protocols, one based on private inner-product estimation and the other on incremental learning. These protocols offer substantial advancements in privacy preservation with low communication resources, forging a path toward efficient quantum communication-assisted FL protocols and contributing to the development of secure distributed quantum machine learning, thus addressing critical privacy concerns in the quantum computing era.