bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wellness Incentives, Equity, and the 5 Groups Problem
Authors: Schmidt Harald 
Published: November 2011

Wellness incentives are an increasingly popular means of encouraging participation in prevention programs, but they may not benefit all groups equally. To assist those planning, conducting, and evaluating incentive programs, I describe the impact of incentives on 5 groups: the “lucky ones,” the “yes-I-can” group, the “I'll-do-it-tomorrow” group, the “unlucky ones,” and the “leave-me-alone” group. The 5 groups problem concerns the question of when disparities in the capacity to use incentive programs constitute unfairness and how policymakers ought to respond. I outline 4 policy options: to continue to offer incentives universally, to offer them universally but with modifications, to offer targeted rather than universal programs, and to abandon incentive programs altogether.
Hispanic Lesbians and Bisexual Women at Heightened Risk or Health Disparities
Authors: Kim Hyun-Jun , Fredriksen-Goldsen Karen I. 
Published: November 2011

Objectives. We investigated whether elevated risks of health disparities exist in Hispanic lesbians and bisexual women aged 18 years and older compared with non-Hispanic White lesbians and bisexual women and Hispanic heterosexual women. Methods. We analyzed population-based data from the Washington State Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (2003–2009) using adjusted logistic regressions. Results. Hispanic lesbians and bisexual women, compared with Hispanic heterosexual women, were at elevated risk for disparities in smoking, asthma, and disability. Hispanic bisexual women also showed higher odds of arthritis, acute drinking, poor general health, and frequent mental distress compared with Hispanic heterosexual women. In addition, Hispanic bisexual women were more likely to report frequent mental distress than were non-Hispanic White bisexual women. Hispanic lesbians were more likely to report asthma than were non-Hispanic White lesbians. Conclusions. The elevated risk of health disparities in Hispanic lesbians and bisexual women are primarily associated with sexual orientation. Yet, the elevated prevalence of mental distress for Hispanic bisexual women and asthma for Hispanic lesbians appears to result from the cumulative risk of doubly disadvantaged statuses. Efforts are needed to address unique health concerns of diverse lesbians and bisexual women.
Disability Among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Adults: Disparities in Prevalence and Risk
Authors: Fredriksen-Goldsen Karen I. , Kim Hyun-Jun , Barkan Susan E. 
Published: November 2011

Objectives. We used population-based data to comprehensively examine disability among lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults. Methods. We estimated prevalence of disability and its covariates and compared by sexual orientation by utilizing data from the Washington State Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (n = 82 531) collected in 2003, 2005, 2007, and 2009. We used multivariate logistic regression to examine the relationship between disability and sexual orientation, after we controlled for covariates of disability. Results. Findings indicated that the prevalence of disability is higher among lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults compared with their heterosexual counterparts; lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults with disabilities are significantly younger than heterosexual adults with disabilities. Higher disability prevalence among lesbians and among bisexual women and men remained significant after we controlled for covariates of disability. Conclusions. Higher rates of disability among lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults are of major concern. Efforts are needed to prevent, delay, and reduce disabilities as well as to improve the quality of life for lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults with disabilities. Future prevention and intervention efforts need to address the unique concerns of these groups.
Repeat Syphilis Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in California, 2002–2006: Implications for Syphilis Elimination Efforts
Authors: Cohen Stephanie E. , Chew Ng Rilene A. , Katz Kenneth A. , Bernstein Kyle T. , Samuel Michael C. , Kerndt Peter R. , Bolan Gail 
Published: November 2011

Objectives. We examined rates of and risk factors for repeat syphilis infection among men who have sex with men (MSM) in California. Methods. We analyzed 2002 to 2006 California syphilis surveillance system data. Results. During the study period, a mean of 5.9% (range: 4.9%–7.1% per year) of MSM had a repeat primary or secondary (PS) syphilis infection within 2 years of an initial infection. There was no significant increase in the annual proportion of MSM with a repeat syphilis infection (P = .42). In a multivariable model, factors associated with repeat syphilis infection were HIV infection (odds ratio [OR] = 1.65; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.14, 2.37), Black race (OR = 1.84; 95% CI = 1.12, 3.04), and 10 or more recent sex partners (OR = 1.99; 95% CI = 1.12, 3.50). Conclusions. Approximately 6% of MSM in California have a repeat PS syphilis infection within 2 years of an initial infection. HIV infection, Black race, and having multiple sex partners are associated with increased odds of repeat infection. Syphilis elimination efforts should include messages about the risk for repeat infection and the importance of follow-up testing. Public health attention to individuals repeatedly infected with syphilis may help reduce local disease burdens.
Who Will Deliver on the Promise?
Authors: Northridge Mary E. , Healton Cheryl G. 
Published: November 2011

The Doctor of Public Health (DrPH) Core Competency Model aspires to rigorously train future leaders of public health practice to direct and advance societal efforts that address socially rooted causes of health and illness. Although there is no proven formula for success, 3 principles derived from practice may guide the way forward: (1) institutionalize mutual learning and reciprocity between schools of public health and public health agencies and organizations, (2) capitalize on the full resources of the larger university to enrich the educational experiences of DrPH candidates and public health leaders, and (3) globalize the search for model DrPH programs that may be adapted for US schools. Schools of public health must ensure that DrPH programs gain the status and resources needed to fulfill their societal mandate.
AKI Associated with Macroscopic Glomerular Hematuria
Authors: Moreno Juan Antonio , Martín-Cleary Catalina , Gutiérrez Eduardo , Toldos Oscar , Blanco-Colio Luis Miguel , Praga Manuel , Ortiz Alberto , Egido Jesús 
Published: November 2011

Summary
Hematuria is a common finding in various glomerular diseases. This article reviews the clinical data on glomerular hematuria and kidney injury, as well as the pathophysiology of hematuria-associated renal damage. Although glomerular hematuria has been considered a clinical manifestation of glomerular diseases without real consequences on renal function and long-term prognosis, many studies performed have shown a relationship between macroscopic glomerular hematuria and AKI and have suggested that macroscopic hematuria-associated AKI is related to adverse long-term outcomes. Thus, up to 25% of patients with macroscopic hematuria–associated AKI do not recover baseline renal function. Oral anticoagulation has been associated with glomerular macrohematuria–related kidney injury. Several pathophysiologic mechanisms may account for the tubular injury found on renal biopsy specimens. Mechanical obstruction by red blood cell casts was thought to play a role. More recent evidence points to cytotoxic effects of oxidative stress induced by hemoglobin, heme, or iron released from red blood cells. These mechanisms of injury may be shared with hemoglobinuria or myoglobinuria-induced AKI. Heme oxygenase catalyzes the conversion of heme to biliverdin and is protective in animal models of heme toxicity. CD163, the recently identified scavenger receptor for extracellular hemoglobin, promotes the activation of anti-inflammatory pathways, opening the gates for novel therapeutic approaches.
The Effect of High-Flux Hemodialysis on Hemoglobin Concentrations in Patients with CKD
Authors: Schneider Andreas , Drechsler Christiane , Krane Vera , Krieter Detlef H. , Scharnagl Hubert , Schneider Markus P. , Wanner Christoph 
Published: November 2011

Summary

Background and objectives
Hemodialysis treatment induces markers of inflammation and oxidative stress, which could affect hemoglobin levels and the response to erythropoietin use. This study sought to determine whether high-flux dialysis would help improve markers of renal anemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress compared with low-flux dialysis.

Design, settings, participants, & measurements
In a prospective, controlled study, 221 patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis and receiving darbepoetin-alfa treatment (mean age, 66 years; 55% male) from 19 centers were screened in a 20-week run-in period of low-flux hemodialysis with a synthetic dialysis membrane. Thereafter, 166 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive a synthetic high-flux membrane or to continue on low-flux dialysis for 52 weeks. Data on myeloperoxidase, oxidized LDL, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and the Malnutrition Inflammation Score were collected at baseline and after 52 weeks; routine laboratory data, such as hemoglobin, ferritin, and albumin, and the use of darbepoetin-alfa, were also measured in the run-in period.

Results
After 52 weeks, the low-flux and the high-flux groups did not differ with respect to hemoglobin (mean ± SD, 11.7±0.9 g/dl versus 11.7±1.1 g/dl; P=0.62) or use of darbepoetin-alfa (mean dosage ± SD, 29.8±24.8 μg/wk versus 26.0±31.1 μg/wk; P=0.85). Markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, or nutritional status also did not differ between groups.

Conclusion
Over 1 year, high-flux dialysis had no superior effects on hemoglobin levels or markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and nutritional status. These data do not support the hypothesis that enhanced convective toxin removal would improve patient outcome.
Timing and Determinants of Erythropoietin Deficiency in Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Mercadal Lucile , Metzger Marie , Casadevall Nicole , Haymann Jean Philippe , Karras Alexandre , Boffa Jean-Jacques , Flamant Martin , Vrtovsnik François , Stengel Bénédicte , Froissart Marc 
Published: November 2011

Summary

Background and objectives
Anemia in patients with CKD is highly related to impaired erythropoietin (EPO) response, the timing and determinants of which remain unknown.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
This study measured EPO levels and studied their relation to GFR measured by 51Cr-EDTA renal clearance (mGFR) in 336 all-stage CKD patients not receiving any erythropoiesis-stimulating agent.

Results
In patients with anemia defined by World Health Organization criteria (hemoglobin [Hb] <13 g/dl in men and 12 g/dl in women), EPO response to Hb level varied by mGFR level. EPO and Hb levels were negatively correlated (r=−0.22, P=0.04) when mGFR was >30 ml/min per 1.73 m2, whereas they were not correlated when mGFR was <30 (r=0.09, P=0.3; P for interaction=0.01). In patients with anemia, the ratio of observed EPO to the level predicted by the equation for their Hb level decreased from 0.72 (interquartile range, 0.57–0.95) for mGFR ≥60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 to 0.36 (interquartile range, 0.16–0.69) for mGFR <15. Obesity, diabetes with nephropathy other than diabetic glomerulopathy, absolute iron deficiency, and high C-reactive protein concentrations were associated with increased EPO levels, independent of Hb and mGFR.

Conclusions
Anemia in CKD is marked by an early relative EPO deficiency, but several factors besides Hb may persistently stimulate EPO synthesis. Although EPO deficiency is likely the main determinant of anemia in patients with advanced CKD, the presence of anemia in those with mGFR >30 ml/min per 1.73 m2 calls for other explanatory factors.
The Contribution of Endothelial Marker Proteins in the Determination of Vascular Angiogenic Potential, in Normal Physiological Conditions and in Neoplasia
Authors: Konwerska Aneta , Janik Beata , Malinska Agnieszka , Witkiewicz Wojciech , Zabel Maciej 
Published: November 2011

Summary
Recently, the most significant studies in the field of angiogenesis are related to trials concerning the evaluation of the prognostic significance of endothelial markers. By using an estimation of the expression of endothelial cell markers, immunohistochemical studies can assess for the continuity of the vascular intima, as well as allow for the distinction of early, late and mature forms of endothelial cells. The determination of the endothelial cell phenotype using markers such as CD34, CD31, CD133, e-NOS and von Willebrand factor may provide a valuable tool for the monitoring of both normal physiology as well as neoplastic diseases.
New and Rare Species of Orthocladiinae (Diptera, Chironomidae) from the Crimea, Ukraine
Authors: Baranov V. 
Published: November 2011

New and Rare Species of Orthocladiinae (Diptera, Chironomidae) from the Crimea, UkraineParorthocladius korneyeviBaranov, sp. n. andProsmittia valentinaeBaranov, sp. n. from the Crimean Peninsula are described and illustrated. Three species of Orthocladiinae:Bryophaenocladius akiensis(Sasa, Shimomura et Matsuo, 1991),Corynoneura lacustrisEdwards, 1924 andMetriocnemus eurynotus(Holmgren, 1883) are recorded for the first time from the Ukraine.
Gravitational field of the homogeneous rotational ellipsoidal body: a simple derivation and applications
Authors: Pohánka Vladimír 
Published: November 2011

Gravitational field of the homogeneous rotational ellipsoidal body: a simple derivation and applications
We calculate the gravitational intensity and potential of a homogeneous body with the shape of the rotational ellipsoid. The calculation is performed in ellipsoidal coordinates and uses the properties of harmonic functions expressed as ellipsoidal harmonics. The resulting formulae for the internal and external fields are expressed in ellipsoidal coordinates and (in the case of external field) also in spherical coordinates. The results are used in the calculation of the gravitational field of a layered body whose layer boundaries are rotational ellipsoids with common centre and rotational axis; the density in each layer is constant. The equilibrium of such a layered rotating body is examined: it is found that there is no equilibrium for such a body except the case that the body is homogeneous (thus proving once more the important, but rarely mentioned, fact).
Transmission of Ultrasonic Waves Via Optical Silica Glass Fiber Doped by 7.5% of TiO2 with the Use of Power Sandwich Transducer
Authors: Muc Sylwia , Gudra Tadeusz 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe possibility of acoustic wave propagation in optical waveguides creates new prospects for simultaneous transmission of laser beams and ultrasonic waves. Combined laser-ultrasonic technology could be useful in e.g. surgical treatment. The article presents the results of experimental studies of transmission of ultrasonic wave in optical fibres, the core of which is doped by 7.5% of TiO2, using a sandwich-type transducer. It also presents amplitude characteristics of an ultrasonic signal propagated in the optical fibre. Authors studied the effect which the length of the fibre has on the achieved output signal amplitudes. They presented the relation of the output signal amplitude from a capacitive sensor to the power applied to the sandwich-type transducer. The obtained results were compared with the results produced when using an optical fibre with a core doped by 3% of GeO2, in order to select optical fibre suitable for simultaneous transmission of ultrasonic waves and laser rays.
Preventing Noise and Vibration During the 60 Years of Activity of the Central Institute for Labour Protection - National Research Institute
Authors: Zawieska Wiktor , Pleban Dariusz 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
In 2010, the Central Institute for Labour Protection - National Research Institute celebrated the 60th anniversary of its activity. Primary objectives of the Institute have been and continue to be the protection of employees against any hazards at work stations. Among the numerous hazards, vibroacoustic ones are becoming prevailing. Therefore, one can now dare to say that the 60 years of activity of the Central Institute for Labour Protection have also meant 60 years of preventing noise and vibration in the working environment. For those 60 years of activity, Central Institute for Labour Protection has been associated with outstanding acousticians and vibration specialists. The first chairperson of the Scientific Council of the Central Institute for Labour Protection was Professor Ignacy Malecki, one of the most outstanding Polish scientists. Chairpersons of the Council have also included Professor Adam Lipowczan and Professor Zbigniew Engel and the members of the Council have included Professor Stefan Ziemba and Professor Jerzy Sadowski.
An Investigation of Tone Perception and Production in German Learners of Mandarin
Authors: Ding Hongwei , Hoffmann Rüdiger , Jokisch Oliver 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis study investigates the possible errors related to Mandarin tone perception and production by German speakers. In a preliminary test, 23 German listeners should identify the tones of 186 monosyllables. Results show that exposure to Mandarin Chinese can help to discriminate lexical tones as highly expected. In the main experiment, 17 German subjects were asked to take part in a perception and production test. Stimulus of perception involves 48 monosyllables uttered by a standard professional Chinese speaker; acoustic measures were conducted to analyze the production of 72 monosyllables for each subject. It is found that German speakers have much smallerf0 range than Chinese native speakers. Findings can provide implications for cross language studies and teaching practices.
Megamerinidae (Diptera), a new family for Portugal
Authors: Andrade Rui 
Published: November 2011

Megamerinidae (Diptera), a new family for Portugal
Megamerina dolium (Fabricius, 1805), a usually infrequently collected medium-sized fly occurring in forested areas, is the sole known representative of Megamerinidae in Europe, currently recorded for twenty-one countries. In this article the species is reported for the first time in Portugal, and consequently the first time the family is recorded for this country as well. This record represents the westernmost limit of the distribution of this species.
Complex Versus Simple Ankle Movement Training in Stroke Using Telerehabilitation: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Deng Huiqiong , Durfee William K. , Nuckley David J. , Rheude Brandon S. , Severson Amy E. , Skluzacek Katie M. , Spindler Kristen K. , Davey Cynthia S. , Carey James R. 
Published: November 2011

Background
Telerehabilitation allows rehabilitative training to continue remotely after discharge from acute care and can include complex tasks known to create rich conditions for neural change.

Objectives
The purposes of this study were: (1) to explore the feasibility of using telerehabilitation to improve ankle dorsiflexion during the swing phase of gait in people with stroke and (2) to compare complex versus simple movements of the ankle in promoting behavioral change and brain reorganization.

Design
This study was a pilot randomized controlled trial.

Setting
Training was done in the participant’s home. Testing was done in separate research labs involving functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and multi-camera gait analysis.

Patients
Sixteen participants with chronic stroke and impaired ankle dorsiflexion were assigned randomly to receive 4 weeks of telerehabilitation of the paretic ankle.

Intervention
Participants received either computerized complex movement training (track group) or simple movement training (move group).

Measurements
Behavioral changes were measured with the 10-m walk test and gait analysis using a motion capture system. Brain reorganization was measured with ankle tracking during fMRI.

Results
Dorsiflexion during gait was significantly larger in the track group compared with the move group. For fMRI, although the volume, percent volume, and intensity of cortical activation failed to show significant changes, the frequency count of the number of participants showing an increase versus a decrease in these values from pretest to posttest measurements was significantly different between the 2 groups, with the track group decreasing and the move group increasing.

Limitations
Limitations of this study were that no follow-up test was conducted and that a small sample size was used.

Conclusions
The results suggest that telerehabilitation, emphasizing complex task training with the paretic limb, is feasible and can be effective in promoting further dorsiflexion in people with chronic stroke.
Physical Fitness in Patients With Ankylosing Spondylitis: Comparison With Population Controls
Authors: Halvorsen Silje , Vøllestad Nina K. , Fongen Camilla , Provan Sella A. , Semb Anne G. , Hagen Kåre B. , Dagfinrud Hanne 
Published: November 2011

BackgroundAlthough flexibility traditionally has been the main focus for physical therapy in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), there is now evidence for an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in this group.ObjectiveThe purposes of this study were: (1) to compare physical fitness (cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular capacity, flexibility, and balance) in patients with AS and controls and (2) to explore associations between physical fitness and disease activity in the patient group.DesignThis was a cross-sectional study.MethodsThe physical fitness variables were cardiorespiratory fitness (treadmill test for estimation of peak oxygen uptake [V̇o2peak]), muscular capacity (push-ups test), balance (30-second single-leg stand and walking in a figure-of-eight pattern), and flexibility (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index [BASMI]). The Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) was used to assess disease activity. Group differences and associations were tested with the chi-square test for categorical variables, the Mann-Whitney U test for ordinal variables, and analysis of covariance for continuous variables.ResultsOne hundred forty-nine of 250 of the invited patients with AS and 133 of 329 of the invited controls were included in the study. The mean ASDAS score of the patient group was 2.3 (range=0.5–4.7), and the median disease duration was 23 years (range=7–55). The patient group had significantly lower V̇o2 peak values, with a mean difference of −2.7 mL·kg−1·min−1 (95% confidence interval=−4.3, −1.1), and higher BASMI scores, with a mean difference of 1.6 (95% confidence interval=1.5, 1.8), compared with the control group. No group differences were found in balance or muscular capacity. In the patient group, significant inverse associations were found between ASDAS scores and V̇o2peak and muscular capacity.LimitationsThe response rate was lower in the control group (40.4%) than in the patient group (59.6%).ConclusionThe lower cardiorespiratory fitness and reduced flexibility in the AS group indicate that physical therapy programs should include cardiorespiratory fitness exercises as a basic component to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Rafting structure formation during solution treatment in a nickel-based superalloy
Authors: Zhao Kai , Lou Langhong 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
When solution treatment was carried out at 1553 K, a rafting structure formed even above the dissolution temperature of the γ' phase in a liquid metal cooling directionally solidified nickel-based superalloy. This abnormal coarsening behavior may be induced by the phase transformation stress due to the dissolution of non-uniform distribution of the γ/γ' eutectic. Electron backscatter diffraction and transmission electron microscopy were employed to analyze the stress.