bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF PULSED MAGNETIC FIELD ON HORSERADISH PEROXIDASE
Authors: MA HAILE , HUANG LIURONG , ZHU CHUNMEI 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTThe effect of pulsed magnetic field (PMF) on the activity and structure of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in buffer solution was investigated. HRP was inactivated when exposed to PMF at field strengths of 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 tesla (T) for 5 to 40 pulses. The maximum inactivation of HRP was achieved at 4.0 T for 40 pulses, in which 67.67% of the enzyme activity was lost. Further experiments showed that the activity of HRP was not significantly affected by either storage time at 4C or the heat produced during lower intensity PMF (from 1.0 to 3.0 T). The inactivation data were adjusted to the Bigelow, Hülsheger and Weibull models. Results showed that the Weibull model successfully described the relationship between residual activity of HRP and pulse strength as well as pulse number. Ultraviolet and intrinsic fluorescence spectra analysis proved that the PMF‐induced inactivation correlated with alteration of the tertiary structure of HRP.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSAs a kind of enzyme present in many foods, when peroxidase (POD) is exposed to air, it will catalyze some reactions which have a negative effect on sensorial and nutritional qualities of the food. In this article, pulsed magnetic field was proved to be a potential processing method to inactivate POD without destroying the sensorial and nutritional qualities. The kinetic models also offer some parameters for designing methods to prolong shelf life of agricultural products.
IMPACT OF CALCIUM ON VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES OF FORTIFIED APPLE TISSUE
Authors: SALVATORI DANIELA M. , DOCTOROVICH ROMINA S. , ALZAMORA STELLA M. 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to analyze the linear viscoelastic behavior of calcium impregnated apples by creep and sinusoidal tests and to correlate the changes in rheological parameters with some structure features. The effect of different Ca concentrations of impregnation solutions (0, 0.1 and 0.53%, w/w), system pressure (vacuum or atmospheric) and process time was studied. All samples showed a viscoelastic solid behavior with the storage modulus (G′) dominating the viscoelastic response. Treated apple samples with or without calcium showed a pronounced decrease in G′as compared with fresh tissue. Instantaneous compliance (J0), decay compliances (J1 and J2) and fluidity significantly increased after treatments, while retardation times were approximately constant. Impregnation at high calcium concentrations provoked severe folding of walls and/or a general inner disruption of cells with plasmolysis and membrane breakage in a different way according to the pressure applied and the treatment time, explaining the viscoelastic behavior. Changes in compliances and storage modulus values were significantly lower for apples treated under vacuum than when the treatment was performed at atmospheric pressure, suggesting that vacuum impregnation is an effective methodology to fortify apple tissue avoiding serious damage in viscoelastic properties and presumably in texture.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONIncorporation of physiologically active food components (PACs) into vegetable matrices to obtain functional foods opens new product opportunities for the food industry. Impregnation processes performed at atmospheric pressure or under vacuum conditions may be employed to incorporate PACs, among them calcium. Because of alterations in structure, these processes can strongly modify rheological properties and hence texture of fruits. The results of this research can help to select operative impregnation conditions that allow the incorporation of great calcium quantities in apple tissue minimizing changes in viscoelastic properties. This objective is of primordial interest when designing minimally processed “fortified apples” preserved by refrigeration and to be consumed as is.
RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY APPLIED TO THE EXTRACTION OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS FROMJATROPHA CURCASLINN. LEAVES USING SUPERCRITICAL CO2WITH A METHANOL CO‐SOLVENT
Authors: MANPONG PATUMPORN , DOUGLAS SUPAPORN , DOUGLAS PETER L. , PONGAMPHAI SUWASSA , TEPPAITOON WITTAYA , KAEWPRAKAISANGKUL ORAWAN 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTResponse surface methodology was used to analyze the results of experiments designed using the Box–Behnken method to extract three phenolic compounds, gallic acid (GA), corilagin (CG) and ellagic acid (EA), fromJatropha curcasLinn. leaves using supercritical CO2and methanol as a cosolvent. Experiments were carried out from 10 to 30 MPa, 40 to 80C and 30 to 70% (v/v) aqueous methanol. A 3 × 3 Box–Behnken design was used to design the experiments to determine the effects of pressure, temperature and concentration of methanol (MeOH) as well as their interaction on the extraction yield. Three nonlinear equations and 3‐D plots (one for each product) with 10 terms were developed. Analytical and numerical techniques were used to locate the optimal operating conditions. The highest experimental yields were obtained at 10 MPa, 60C and 30% (v/v) methanol modifier for GA; 20 MPa, 80C and 30% (v/v) methanol modifier for CG; and 30 MPa, 40C and 50% (v/v) methanol modifier for EA. The response surface models predicted that the maximum extraction yields of GA, CG and EA were 1,567.68 mg/kg of GA at 10 MPa, 80C and 30% (v/v) aqueous MeOH; 4,693.60 mg/kg of CG at 30 MPa, 80C and 30% (v/v) aqueous MeOH; and 1,089.02 mg/kg of EA at 10 MPa, 80C and 70% (v/v) aqueous MeOH, respectively. Because the theoretical optimum was on the limit of the range of the experiments, future work should focus on new experiments designed around the predicted optimum.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe purpose of this research was to study the extraction of gallic acid (GA), corilagin (CG) and ellagic acid (EA) fromJatrapha curcasLinn. leaves using supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) with a methanol cosolvent. Polar organic cosolvents or modifiers can be used to enhance extraction yield of polar solutes by increasing the CO2polarity. Because methanol (MeOH) has a high polarity index, it was used to extract the three phenolic compounds (polar compounds) in the SCCO2process. In addition to extracting GA, CG and EA, this research determined the maximum yield and the effect of operating parameters (pressure, temperature and MeOH concentration) using a response surface quadratic model to determine the location of the optimum operating conditions.
EFFECT OF ULTRASONIC TREATMENT ON THE ACTIVITIES OF ENDOGENOUS TRANSGLUTAMINASE AND PROTEINASES IN TILAPIA (SAROTHERODON NILOTICA) SURIMI DURING GEL FORMATION
Authors: ZHANG YIN , ZENG QING‐XIAO , ZHU ZHI‐WEI 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTThe effects of ultrasonic treatment (UT) on the activities of endogenous transglutaminase (TGase) and proteinases in tilapia surimi were investigated. Surimi paste set at 40C with or without UT, prior to heating at 90C, resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) increase in gel strength as setting time increased, the gel strength of surimi paste treated with UT was higher (P < 0.05) than that of the control. A decrease in the solubility of surimi gels with UT suggested that the UT increased the formation of non‐disulfide covalent bonding which coincided with an increase in gel strength and a decrease in myosin heavy chain (MHC) polypeptide content. Surimi paste incubated at 65C with UT prior to heating at 90C resulted in a significant increase in gel strength (P < 0.05), compared with the control. A decrease in the trichloroacetic acid‐soluble peptides of surimi gels with UT coincided with an increase in gel strength and more retained MHC, suggesting that the endogenous proteinases were deactivated by UT.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONGel strength is important for the quality of surimi gel. Ultrasonic treatment (UT) was used to treat surimi sol when it was setting at 40C, the result showed that UT could increase the gel strength of tilapia surimi. In order to find the possible reason for the increase of gel strength as a result of UT, effect of UT on the activities of endogenous enzymes in tilapia was investigated. This will inspire the surimi product producers to improve the gel strength of surimi by using UT instead of adding food additives. UT can supply one new method of processing surimi product. This can obviate the potential danger brought by unsuitable addition of food additives.
Effects of short‐term food deprivation on orexin‐A‐induced intestinal bicarbonate secretion in comparison with related secretagogues
Authors: Flemström G. , Bengtsson M. W. , Mäkelä K. , Herzig K. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractStudies of gastrointestinal physiology in humans and intact animals are usually conducted after overnight fast. We compared the effects of orexin‐A, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), melatonin, serotonin, uroguanylin, ghrelin and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on duodenal bicarbonate secretion in fed and overnight fasted animals. This review is a summary of our findings. Secretagogues were administered by intra‐arterial infusion or luminally (PGE2). Enterocyte intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) signalling was studied by fluorescence imaging. Total RNA was extracted, reverse transcripted to cDNA and expression of orexin receptors measured by quantitative real‐time PCR. Orexin‐A stimulates the duodenal secretion in continuously fed animals but not in food‐deprived animals. Similarly, short‐term fasting causes a 100‐fold decrease in the amount of the muscarinic agonist bethanechol required for stimulation of secretion. In contrast, fasting does not affect secretory responses to intra‐arterial VIP, melatonin, serotonin, uroguanylin and ghrelin, or that to luminal PGE2. Orexin‐A induces [Ca2+]i signalling in enterocytes from fed rats but no significant [Ca2+]i responses occur in enterocytes from fasted animals. In addition, overnight fasting decreases the expression of mucosal orexin receptors. Short‐term food deprivation thus decreases duodenal expression of orexin receptors and abolishes the secretory response to orexin‐A as well as orexin‐A‐induced [Ca2+]i signalling. Fasting, furthermore, decreases mucosal sensitivity to bethanechol. The absence of declines in secretory responses to other secretagogues tested strongly suggests that short‐term fasting does not affect the secretory capacity of the duodenal mucosa in general. Studies of intestinal secretion require particular evaluation with respect to feeding status.
Hypothermia‐Induced Neurite Outgrowth is Mediated by Tumor Necrosis Factor‐Alpha
Authors: Schmitt Katharina R. L. , Boato Francesco , Diestel Antje , Hechler Daniel , Kruglov Andrei , Berger Felix , Hendrix Sven 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSystemic or brain‐selective hypothermia is a well‐established method for neuroprotection after brain trauma. There is increasing evidence that hypothermia exerts beneficial effects on the brain and may also support regenerative responses after brain damage. Here, we have investigated whether hypothermia influences neurite outgrowth in vitro via modulation of the post‐injury cytokine milieu.Organotypic brain slices were incubated: deep hypothermia (2 h at 17°C), rewarming (2 h up to 37°C), normothermia (20 h at 37°C). Neurite density and cytokine release (IL 1beta, IL‐6, IL‐10, and TNF‐alpha) were investigated after 24 h. For functional analysis mice deficient in NT‐3/NT‐4 and TNF‐alpha as well as the TNF‐alpha inhibitor etanercept were used. Hypothermia led to a significant increase of neurite outgrowth, which was independent of neurotrophin signaling. In contrast to other cytokines investigated, TNF‐alpha secretion by organotypic brain slices was significantly increased after deep hypothermia. Moreover, hypothermia‐induced neurite extension was abolished after administration of the TNF‐alpha inhibitor and in TNF‐alpha knockout mice. We demonstrate that TNF‐alpha is responsible for inducing neurite outgrowth in the context of deep hypothermia and rewarming. These data suggest that hypothermia not only exerts protective effects in the CNS but may also support neurite outgrowth as a potential mechanism of regeneration.
Impact of Multicolored Asian Lady Beetles on the Sensory Properties of Concord and Niagara Grape Juice
Authors: Weekes Luan N. , Walsh Douglas , Ferguson Holly , Ross Carolyn F. 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACT:  The presence of Multicolored Asian Lady Beetles (MALB) in grape juice is increasingly problematic. The overall objective of this study was to determine the specific sensory impacts of MALB on Concord and Niagara grape juice. The aroma threshold for MALB‐taint in both juices was determined and expressed as the best estimate threshold (BET). The aroma BET for MALB‐taint in Concord grape juice was 1.8 and 0.65 MALB/L Niagara grape juice. The specific sensory attributes of the grape juices influenced by the presence of MALB were then described. In Concord grape juice, trained panelists (n = 9) found significant increases in vegetal aroma and earthy flavor as MALB concentration increased from 0.45 to 7.2 MALB/L. In Niagara grape juice, with increasing MALB concentration, trained panelists (n = 8) indicated significant decreases in honey and sweetness with corresponding increases in sourness, astringency, and vegetal and earthy aromas and flavors (P < 0.05). For both aroma and flavor, consumer rejection studies were performed using paired preference comparisons of control juice to MALB‐tainted grape juice. For Concord grape juice, consumers (n = 60) rejected the aroma of MALB‐tainted juice at 1.8 MALB/L and the taste/flavor of the MALB‐tainted juice at 3.6 MALB/L. For Niagara juice, consumers rejected the aroma of the juice at 3.6 MALB/L. This study demonstrated the presence of MALB negatively impacts the sensory properties of Concord and Niagara grape juice. Grape juice processors may use this research for quality control measures and for establishing tolerance limits. Practical Application: The Multicolored Asian Ladybeetle (MALB), initially used for biocontrol, has been shown in previous literature to impact the sensory properties of wines. The presence of MALB in grape juice is now becoming problematic; however, there is little research describing the specific sensory impacts of MALB on grape juice. This study examined the sensory impact of MALB on both Concord and Niagara grape juice. While the threshold and trained panel evaluations from this study provide valuable sensory profile information, grape juice processors may be particularly interested in the consumer rejection of MALB‐tainted grape juice as they can use this research for quality control measures and for establishing tolerance limits.
Phosphate Type Affects the Quality of Injected Catfish Fillets
Authors: Kin S. , Schilling M.W. , Smith B.S. , Silva J.L. , Jackson V. , Kim T.J. 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACT:  Catfish fillets were injected to 115% over green weight prior to tray‐packing and storage at 4 °C for 1, 4, 8, and 11 d. Fillets were evaluated for yields, surface color, pH, cooking loss, tenderness, purge loss, and shelf‐life. All phosphate treatments increased (P < 0.05) fillet tenderness, but the agglomerated blend of sodium phosphates (AGSP) increased (P < 0.05) pH and yields, and decreased (P < 0.05) CIE L* and CIE b* values. Psychrotrophic plate counts (PPC) of fillets treated with the agglomerated blend of polyphosphates (AGPP) were lower (P < 0.05) than the control at each storage time, but PPC of all samples reached 7 log CFU/g by day 8 of storage. All agglomerated phosphates and STP (sodium tripolyphosphate) improved yields and quality when compared to the nonmarinated control. However, AGSP was the most effective phosphate at increasing pick‐up and yields and decreasing cooking loss due to the pH effect that causes more water to be trapped within the food system. Major quality differences may not have occurred between STP and agglomerated phosphates (other than AGSP) since injection relies solely on pH and ionic strength for marinade pickup, whereas tumbling also relies on mechanical action, which relies more on the presence of various phosphate chain lengths and solubility to impact yields. All phosphate treatments improved the quality of tray‐packed, refrigerated catfish fillets that were enhanced through multineedle injection. However, AGSP also increased fillet pH, optimized yields, and improved color.Practical Application: Use of an agglomerated phosphate blend with a high pH (AGSP) maximized the yield of catfish fillets that were marinated through multineedle injection. In addition, STP and agglomerated phosphate blends increased the yield and tenderness of catfish fillets when compared to the nonmarinated control.
Identification of a Specific IgE‐Binding Protein from Narrow‐Leafed Lupin (L. Angustifolius) Seeds
Authors: Kłos Patrycja , Poręba Elżbieta , Springer Ewa , Lampart‐Szczapa Eleonora , Józefiak Anna Goździcka 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACT:  Since lupin has been introduced as a food ingredient on the market there are more and more reports concerning its allergenic properties. However, only few narrow‐leafed lupin proteins have yet been characterized as specific IgE‐binding molecules and identified. The aim of the study has been to find and identify the main narrow‐leafed lupin globulins that bind to specific IgEs from the sera of lupin‐allergic people. Isolated lupin globulins were subjected to immunoblotting with the sera from people who suffered from lupin allergy. Incubation with α‐methyl‐D‐galactopyranoside was performed to eliminate possible binding of unspecific human IgEs. The proteins binding specific IgEs from lupin‐allergic patients' sera were identified by means of mass spectrometry. Western blot analysis revealed 2 signals corresponding to lupin globulins that bound to specific IgEs from the sera of people allergic to lupin. The globulins were identified as conglutin‐γ and its smaller subunit. The results suggested that individuals that displayed lupin allergy symptoms reacted to conglutin‐γ.Practical Application: The results of the study can contribute to identification of yet undetected allergens of narrow‐leafed lupin. This, in turn, can make lupin‐fortified products safer for the consumers.
Deferoxamine Iron Chelation Increases δ‐Aminolevulinic Acid Induced Protoporphyrin IX in Xenograft Glioma Model
Authors: Valdés Pablo A. , Samkoe Kimberley , O’Hara Julia A. , Roberts David W. , Paulsen Keith D. , Pogue Brian W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractExogenous administration of δ‐aminolevulinic acid (δ‐ALA) leads to selective accumulation of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) in brain tumors, and has shown promising results in increasing extent of resection in fluorescence‐guided resection (FGR) of brain tumors. However, this approach still suffers from heterogeneous staining and so some tumor margins may go undetected because of this variation in PpIX production. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that iron chelation therapy could increase the level of fluorescence in malignant glioma tumors. Mice implanted with xenograft U251‐GFP glioma tumor cells were given a 200 mg kg−1 dose of deferoxamine (DFO), once a day for 3 days prior to δ‐ALA administration. The PpIX fluorescence observed in the tumor regions was 1.9 times the background in animal group without DFO, and 2.9 times the background on average, in the DFO pre‐treated group. A 50% increase in PpIX fluorescence contrast in the DFO group was observed relative to the control group (t‐test P‐value = 0.0020). These results indicate that iron chelation therapy could significantly increase δ‐ALA‐induced PpIX fluorescence in malignant gliomas, pointing to a potential role of iron chelation therapy for more effective FGR of brain tumors.
Exclusive Observation of the (132R)‐Enantiomer of Chlorophyll‐c from a Diatom Chaetoseros calcitrans
Authors: Mizoguchi Tadashi , Kimura Yuki , Tamiaki Hitoshi 
Published: December 2009

AbstractChiral high‐performance liquid‐chromatography (HPLC) for quantitative analysis of optically active chlorophyll(Chl)‐c molecules, which are seen in many marine photosynthetic organisms, was developed. Chls‐c have a single asymmetric carbon at the 132‐position, so their stereoisomers are (132R)‐ and (132S)‐enantiomers. After the separation of each enantiomer, the stereochemistry was unambiguously characterized using its circular dichroism spectrum in comparison with that of the structure‐related compound, protochlorophyllide‐a. Moreover, Chls‐c were carefully extracted from the cells of a diatom Chaetoseros calcitrans without racemization and were subjected to the chiral HPLC. The results clearly demonstrated that naturally occurring Chl‐c molecules are enantiomerically pure (132R)‐forms, which are generally found in photosynthetically active chlorophyllous pigments.
Direct Antifungal Effect of Femtosecond Laser on Trichophyton rubrum Onychomycosis
Authors: Manevitch Zakhariya , Lev Dmitry , Hochberg Malka , Palhan Mila , Lewis Aaron , Enk Claes D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractOnychomycosis is caused by dermatophyte infection of the nail. Though laser energy has been shown to eliminate dermatophytes in vitro, direct laser elimination of onychomycosis is not successful due to difficulties in selectively delivering laser energy to the deeper levels of the nail plate without collateral damage. Femtosecond (fsec) infrared titanium sapphire lasers circumvent this problem by the nonlinear interactions of these lasers with biological media. This quality, combined with the deeply penetrating nature of the near‐infrared radiation, allows elimination of deeply seeded nail dermatopytes without associated collateral damage. Nail cuttings obtained from patients with onychomycosis caused by Trichophyton rubrum underwent fsec laser irradiation using increasing laser intensities with the focus scanned throughout the whole thickness of the nail specimen. The efficacy of the laser treatment was evaluated by subculture. Scanning electron microscopy was used to determine fsec laser‐induced collateral damage. We found that a fsec laser fluence of 7 × 1031 photons m−2 s−1 or above successfully inhibited the growth of the fungus in all samples examined, whereas laser intensities above 1.7 × 1032 photons m−2 s−1 affected the structure of the nail plate. Our findings suggest that T. rubrum‐mediated onychomycosis may be treated by fsec laser technology.
Use and exchange of aquatic genetic resources for food and aquaculture: Clarias catfish
Authors: Na‐Nakorn Uthairat , Brummett Randall E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThere are 58 species of Clarias recognized in FishBase (as of January 2009), 33 in Africa and 25 in Asia. Aquaculture of clariids is important with 30 countries reporting a total production of over 300 000 t worth nearly US$400 million in 2006. Most production involves the African Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) and three Asian species, Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus, 1758), Clarias macrocephalus (Günther, 1864) and Clarias fuscus (Lacep'de, 1803). In much of Asia, hybrids of introduced C. gariepinus with native species dominate aquaculture and may pose threats to the purity and viability of wild populations. Many local strains have evolved within farms, some of which have been described and included in genetic management programs. Genetic variation among species and populations is significant, but to date little work on selective breeding of the group has been reported. Conservation efforts have so far focused on ex situ methods, primarily for farmed stocks, but these are few and expensive and farmed stocks are often of lower genetic diversity than wild stocks. In situ conservation of genetic material, both for aquaculture and for the maintenance of fitness in wild populations in light of changes occurring in the watershed, needs to be considered as a more viable long‐term strategy. The preservation of ecosystem functional integrity is thus a prerequisite for the long‐term conservation of Clarias genetic resources for food and aquaculture.