bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From stigma to increased social acceptance? Living with Machado-Joseph disease in São Miguel, Azores, Portugal
Authors: Couto Daniela , Sequeiros Jorge , Lima Manuela , Sousa Liliana , Mendes Álvaro 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

This study describes the experiences with stigma attached to Machado-Joseph disease (MJD) in São Miguel Island, the Azores (Portugal). We draw on semi-structured interviews with persons with MJD, family members, healthcare professionals and direct care providers, recruited through the local patient’s association (n = 28). Qualitative thematic analysis revealed three main themes: i) intense stigma in the past; ii) current tendency towards increased openness; and ii) increased availability of information about MJD and support. The findings suggest that stigmatization was more frequent and intense in the past, but there is currently a decrease in the intensity of perceived stigma accompanied by an increasing awareness about MJD within the community. The local patient’s association is described as playing a key role in raising awareness about MJD in the community, as well as fostering increased confidence among people with MJD and their families to engage socially, which may help decrease or mitigate feelings of stigma. This raises questions into whether the diminished stigma towards MJD in São Miguel stems from heightened awareness about the condition, a decrease in the socially acceptability of stigma, or a gradual internalization and normalization of stigma among individuals with MJD as a coping mechanism.
Prediction performances of turbulence models in examining the flow characteristics of vegetated channels: CFD computations and experimentally validation
Authors: ŞİBİL Rahim 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The performance of turbulence models was investigated to predict the flow and turbulence features of the vegetated channel using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The Ansys Fluent, CFD software was implemented for the numerical studies. The flow was three-dimensional, incompressible, steady, and turbulent. Ten turbulence models, provided by Ansys Fluent were implemented for the comparative study. The numerical model was validated against an experimental study conducted in the literature. The numerical studies show that the renormalization group k-ε model (RNG) is the most successful model for predicting the flow characteristics of the vegetated channel with RMSE value of 0.2752. At the same time, the Reynolds Stress Model (RSM) gives the least successful predictive performance, indicated by an RMSE value of 0.4302. Moreover, the Spalart-Allmaras (S-A) model offers the shortest computation time with a value of 6652.393 sec, whereas the SST k-ω model proves to be the most time-consuming with a value of 11952.219 sec. The velocity of water flow in a channel is not uniform as it is slower at the surface of leaves and faster in the free zones. The maximum velocity is observed in the middle section of the channel, below the leaf, and between the roots with the value of u=0.1158 m/s. Furthermore, the characteristics of turbulence in a channel are influenced by various factors such as channel geometry, flow velocity, and vegetation distribution. As a result, the presence of vegetation in a channel affects the flow and turbulence characteristics of the water significantly.
The response to influenza vaccination is associated with DNA methylation-driven regulation of T cell innate antiviral pathways
Authors: Fu Hongxiang , Pickering Harry , Rubbi Liudmilla , Ross Ted M. , Zhou Wanding , Reed Elaine F. , Pellegrini Matteo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
The effect of vaccination on the epigenome remains poorly characterized. In previous research, we identified an association between seroprotection against influenza and DNA methylation at sites associated with the RIG-1 signaling pathway, which recognizes viral double-stranded RNA and leads to a type I interferon response. However, these studies did not fully account for confounding factors including age, gender, and BMI, along with changes in cell type composition.
Results
Here, we studied the influenza vaccine response in a longitudinal cohort vaccinated over two consecutive years (2019–2020 and 2020–2021), using peripheral blood mononuclear cells and a targeted DNA methylation approach. To address the effects of multiple factors on the epigenome, we designed a multivariate multiple regression model that included seroprotection levels as quantified by the hemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) assay test.
Conclusions
Our findings indicate that 179 methylation sites can be combined as potential signatures to predict seroprotection. These sites were not only enriched for genes involved in the regulation of the RIG-I signaling pathway, as found previously, but also enriched for other genes associated with innate immunity to viruses and the transcription factor binding sites of BRD4, which is known to impact T cell memory. We propose a model to suggest that the RIG-I pathway and BRD4 could potentially be modulated to improve immunization strategies.
Extrapolating on Taylor Series Solutions of Homotopies with Nearby Poles
Authors: Verschelde Jan , Viswanathan Kylash 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

A polynomial homotopy is a family of polynomial systems in one parameter, which defines solution paths starting from known solutions and ending at solutions of a system that has to be solved. We consider paths leading to isolated singular solutions, to which the Taylor series converges logarithmically. Whether or not extrapolation algorithms manage to accelerate the slowly converging series depends on the proximity of poles close to the disk of convergence of the Taylor series.
Reliable Noninvasive Methods for Assessing Nutritional Status and Basal energy Expenditure in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients: Focus on Basal Energy Expenditure
Authors: Wang Jenn Yeu , Chen Shu- Chin , g Ming Chun Chian , Hu Hsiao Yun , Ｈwang Betau , Lin Yuh Feng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Our aim was to (1) evaluate the agreement between basal energy Expenditure (BEE) derived from bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) immediately after hemodialysis (HD) and BEE determined using the Harris–Benedict equation and (2) identify the determinants of BEE in patients receiving HD. This cross-sectional study included 35 patients treated with HD two to three times a week from 2003 to 2004 at Taipei Municipal Zhongxiao Hospital. BEE was measured using BIA immediately after HD. Next, Altman–Bland analysis of BEE was performed to evaluate the agreement between the BIA method and the Harris–Benedict method. Correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were performed to examine the association of BEE with demographic data, anthropometric data, and body composition. BEE derived from BIA immediately after HD exhibited poor agreement with BEE determined using the Harris–Benedict method and was nonsignificantly larger. BEE was also positively correlated with lean body mass. In the multiple linear regression analysis, lean body mass was the most powerful independent determinant of BIA-derived BEE. Gender-based differences, height and lean body mass were noted in the prediction of BIA-derived BEE. This study revealed that understanding of the changes of scheduled basal energy Expenditure is paramount and related to changes of lean body mass condition of maintenance hemodialysis patients.
A Gaussia luciferase reporter assay for the evaluation of coronavirus Nsp5/3CLpro inhibitors
Authors: Vlachou Asimenia , Nchioua Rayhane , Regensburger Kerstin , Kirchhoff Frank , Kmiec Dorota 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Human coronaviruses (hCoVs) infect millions of people every year. Among these, MERS, SARS-CoV-1, and SARS-CoV-2 caused significant morbidity and mortality and their emergence highlights the risks associated with possible future coronavirus outbreaks. Therefore, broadly-active anti-coronavirus drugs are needed. Pharmacological inhibition of the hCoV protease 3CLpro (Nsp5) in COVID-19 patients is clinically beneficial as shown by the wide and effective use of Paxlovid (nirmaltrevir, ritonavir). However, further treatment options are required due to the emergence of drug resistance in some SARS-CoV-2 strains. To facilitate protease inhibitor discovery and evaluation, we developed an assay allowing rapid and reliable quantification of 3CLpro activity under biosafety level 1 conditions. It is based on an ACE2 receptor - Gal4 transcription factor fusion protein separated by a 3CLpro recognition site. Cleavage by 3CLpro releases the Gal4 transcription factor, which then induces the expression of Gaussia luciferase. Our assay is compatible with 3CLpro proteases from all hCoVs, and allows simultaneous measurement of inhibitory and cytotoxic effects of the tested compounds. Proof-of-concept IC50 measurements confirmed that nirmaltrevir, GC376 and lopinavir inhibit SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro function without inducing cytotoxicity. Overall, the Gaussia luciferase-based reporter assay is suitable for evaluating viral protease function and screening of potential 3CLpro inhibitors.
Clinical Efficacy of Macrolide Antibiotics in Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia Carrying a Macrolide-resistant Mutation in the 23S rRNA Gene in Pediatric Patients
Authors: He Mengyuan , Xie Junfeng , Rui Pu , Li Xiaoyu , Lai Min , Xue Hongman , Chen Chun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background. These global prospective surveillance data showed the re-emergence of mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) in Europe and Asia after the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. We sought to observe the effect of macrolide antibiotics in the treatment of MPP carrying a macrolide-resistant mutation gene and the potential of targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) as a front-line diagnostic in MPP patients. Methods. The baseline characteristics of 91 children with MPP hospitalized from January to October 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into two groups according to whether carrying the macrolide-resistant mutation or not. The logistic and linear regression analyses were used to determine whether the mutation was a standalone predictive predictor of the duration of fever and hospital length of stay. Results. First, no patients had a fever for ≥ 7 days after macrolide treatment. But length of stay and hormone concentration were significantly different between the two groups (P < 0.05). There were also no statistical association between the mutation and the duration of fever and hospital length of stay. Conclusion. Macrolides can be administered to MPP children carrying a macrolide-resistant mutation. tNGS can be seen as a front-line diagnostic in MPP.
Reducing Social Inequalities in Access to Dental Care in Senegal: Evaluation of a Flat-Rate Pricing Program at the Health District Level
Authors: Dieng Serigne Ndame , Dieng Amadou , Diallo Alimatou , Diop Mbathio , Kanouté Aïda , Diouf Massamba 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objectives In Africa, profound social inequalities exist in access to oral health care, with one of the principal determinants being financial factors. To overcome this financial barrier, Senegal has implemented the Program for Support of Supply and Demand for Care (PAODES). Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the program on improving access to oral health for affected people.Methods This study was conducted in the health districts of Sokone, the intervention site where PAODES was established, and Bambey, the control site where routine activities were maintained. A quasi-experimental study was conducted on 110 patients at each site who were consulted in oral health services. A questionnaire allowed us to collect sociodemographic data and data on the evaluation of intervention effects, including the renouncement of oral health and the cost of care. The relative risk (RR) and the attributable fraction (AF) were calculated.Results There was a significant difference of 13.6% at the intervention site compared to 39.1% at the control site (p = 0.0001). The relative risk (RR) was 0.33 (0.19–0.57). The fraction attributable to the intervention was 33.42% (21.77–42.05) among the general population and 67.14% (43.52–80.89) among those who received the intervention.Conclusion The results of the study showed that a flat-rate pricing program aimed at reducing the financial burden on access to oral health care services had a positive impact. This demonstrated that a decrease in social inequalities regarding access to oral health can surpass financial barriers.
Numerical modeling of Faulting effects on the behavior of the reservoir dam (case Ourkiss dam Algeria)
Authors: Karech Toufik , Beghzim Hassiba 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The analysis of the shear failure due to the effect of the presence of faults on the behavior of the Oukiss dam is analyzed. Imposed displacements representing the faults are applied to the middle and the base of the dike with different angles of inclination. The study is made at the end of the construction of the dam, and at the state of filling of the reservoir using the method of finite difference with a nonlinear behavior in order to analyze the ruptures of propagation of the faults in the dam in the form of deformation of shear. The results obtained show that the values of the shear strains increase with the increase of the base displacement in the two conditions at the end of construction and in the filled state of the reservoir, under the effect of the two types of normal and reverse faults.
Subtle changes on electrocardiogram in severe patients with COVID-19 may be predictors of treatment outcome
Authors: Chaikovsky Illya , Dziuba Dmytro , Kryvova Olga , Marushko Katerina , Vakulenko Julia , Malanin Vladislav , Loskutov Oleg 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Two years after the COVID-19 pandemic, it became known that one of the complications of this disease is myocardial injury. Electrocardiography (ECG) and cardiac biomarkers play a vital role in the early detection of cardiovascular complications and risk stratification. The study aimed to investigate the value of a new electrocardiographic metric for detecting subtle myocardial injury in patients during COVID-19 treatment.
Methods
The study was conducted in 2021. A group of 26 patients with verified COVID-19 diagnosis admitted to the intensive care unit for infectious diseases was examined. The severity of a patient's condition was calculated using the NEWS score. The digital ECGs were repeatedly recorded (at the beginning and 2 to 4 times during the treatment). 240 primary and composite ECG parameters were analyzed for each electrocardiogram. Among these patients, 6 patients died during treatment. Cluster analysis was used to identify subgroups of patients that differed significantly in terms of disease severity (NEWS), SрО2and integral ECG index (an indicator of the state of the cardiovascular system).
Results
Using analysis of variance (ANOVA repeated measures), a statistical assessment of changes of indicators in subgroups at the end of treatment was given. These subgroup differences persisted at the end of the treatment. To identify potential predictors of mortality, critical clinical and ECG parameters of surviving(S) and non-surviving patients (D) were compared using parametric and non-parametric statistical tests. A decision tree model to classify survival in patients with COVID-19 was constructed based on partial ECG parameters and NEWS score.
Conclusions
A comparison of potential mortality predictors showed no significant differences in vital signs between survivors and non-survivors at the beginning of treatment. A set of ECG parameters was identified that were significantly associated with treatment outcomes and may be predictors of COVID-19 mortality: T-wave morphology (SVD), Q-wave amplitude, and R-wave amplitude (lead I).
Prevalence and Consequences of Anomalous Citation Styles in Ethiopian Academic Journals
Authors: Asefa Addisu , Debella Habte Jebessa 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Study investigating the prevalence of citation inaccuracies occurring due to intentional misuse or failed quality control has been growing, but citation inaccuracies driven by inappropriate journal policies have not been specifically addressed. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of journals’ policies requesting inconsistent citation formats between Ethiopian authors and non-Ethiopian authors for in-text citations and reference listings, and to evaluate consequences of inconsistent citation policy on publication practices and parties involved in publication.
Methods
We collected data on citation formats (author’s first, last, or full name) requested by 60 journals’ policies for citing Ethiopian authors and non-Ethiopian authors in the in-text and reference listing, and the number of references cited using each citation format type in 225 published articles published in 50 journals. We also conducted a survey of 18 Ethiopian scholars engaged in publication processes of Ethiopian journals to assess their experiences about the consequences of using inconsistent citation styles. We calculated frequencies and percentages to summarize data. We applied chi-square test and risk ratios, where appropriate, to examine the statistical significance of the prevalence of inconsistency between comparison groups and its effects on compliance with policy. We used thematic content analysis analyze the survey data.
Results
We found 19(32%) and 18(30%) citation inconsistencies between Ethiopian and non-Ethiopian authors requested by policies for in-text citation and reference listing, respectively. The corresponding inconsistencies in the published articles were 36% and 46%, respectively. In contrast, we did not find any such inconsistency for non-Ethiopian authors. Journals with inconsistent citation policies had 1.5–2.1 times risk of experiencing incompliance with policies for Ethiopian authors in the published articles than journals with consistent citation policies. Survey participants indicated that inconsistent citation formats requested and used for Ethipian authors can lead to loss of credit to cited authors and breaching scientific ethics.
Conclusions
Our study reveals a concerning inconsistency in citation styles within Ethiopian journals, sometimes deviating from established international standards. This is, to our knowledge, the first study on policy-driven citation inaccuracies that can inform national and international publishers and editors to review and amend their citation policies.
Understanding taphonomy through 3D and 2D records: a case study from the tropical Maya area
Authors: De Tomassi Mirko , Lercari Nicola 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Mortuary archaeology in the Maya region is complicated by both cultural and natural factors. Distinctive funerary depositional and post-depositional secondary activities, in addition to tropical climate, contribute to the complexity of pre-Hispanic Maya funerary practices. This paper proposes to merge 2D and 3D recording data to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the taphonomic phenomena that affect heavily altered burials at the site of Palenque, Mexico. Employing an archaeothanatological approach, we argue that careful 3D imaging, integrated with earlier produced legacy data, provides additional insight into the formation processes of funerary contexts compared to previous methods. Digital photogrammetric analyses improve our capacity to reconstruct joint articulations of the body and its original funerary deposition in situ. The results of this research elucidate the intentional activities that led to the archaeological arrangement of the grave assemblage. By noticing the degree of articulation and clarifying the pace at which bodies decomposed, these results showcase the depositional sequence of one collective mixed burial from Group IV, a domestic compound in Palenque. These results suggest the viability of 3D methodologies in assessing post-depositional disturbances and movements of the body, both for illuminating funerary taphonomic practices and serving as important recording procedures for the future.
The impact of metformin on the Bcl-2/Bax/Caspase3 signaling pathway in placental tissue of preeclampsia rats
Authors: HAO Huiniu , Wang Fang , Jia Ran , Chen Yinmin , Yang Hailan , Ma Huijing 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background: Preeclampsia (PE) is one of the leading complications affecting pregnant women globally during the perinatal period, with excessive apoptosis of trophoblast cells playing a crucial role in its pathogenesis. While Metformin (MET) has shown promise in preventing or treating PE, its mechanisms remain unclear.
Objective: We sought to establish a PE rat model and evaluate MET's impact on the intrinsic (mitochondrial) apoptotic pathway (Bcl-2/Bax/Caspase3) in placental cells. We investigated whether MET could reduce excessive trophoblast cell apoptosis through this pathway, thereby improving pregnancy outcomes in PE rats.
Methods: Thirty successfully impregnated Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into normal saline (NS), PE, and PE+MET groups. The NS group received physiological saline injections (200mg/kg/d) from gestational day 14 to gestational day 18 (GD14-GD18). The PE and PE+MET groups received L-NAME injections (200mg/kg/d) from gestational day 14 to 18 (GD14-GD18). The PE+MET group additionally received MET via gastric gavage from GD13 to GD18. Western blot, RT-qPCR, and immunohistochemistry were employed to assess the expression of Bcl-2, Bax, and Caspase3 in placental tissues. ELISA was used to measure the expression of Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase3, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), soluble FMS-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1), soluble endoglin (sEng), placental growth factor (PlGF), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in serum.
Results: MET treatment reduced blood pressure and proteinuria in PE rats and improved pregnancy outcomes. It lowered serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6) and increased the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in PE rats. MET also restored the balance of angiogenic factors. Moreover, MET upregulated Bcl-2 expression and suppressed Bax and Caspase3 levels, suggesting its ability to suppress excessive trophoblast cell apoptosis.
Conclusion: MET effectively mitigated PE in L-NAME-induced rats by lowering blood pressure, proteinuria, inflammatory damage, and trophoblast cell death while improving pregnancy outcomes and restoring the balance of angiogenic factors. This effect appears to be mediated, at least partly, by modulating the Bcl-2/Bax/Caspase3 apoptotic pathway.