bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Music and prenatal stress, anxiety, and depression
Authors: Sanfilippo Katie Rose M. , Stewart Lauren , Glover Vivette 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chapter 2 explores the potential role of music in addressing prenatal stress, anxiety, and depression. High stress levels and affective symptoms not only affect wellbeing during and after pregnancy but also may alter foetal and infant development. This chapter summarises some of the work being conducted in this area, primarily research on music-listening interventions, music therapy, and music groups, which have been found to be helpful in reducing stress, anxiety, and depression during pregnancy. There are still few studies in this area and even fewer that examine the potential benefits of musical care for people with specific needs such as those with high levels of anxiety or depression symptoms. This chapter ends with some suggestions for practice, but more importantly, highlights gaps in our knowledge and understanding and potential ways forward.
Online personalised music-making with patients in hospital during pregnancy
Authors: Shaughnessy Caitlin , Hall Andrew , Perkins Rosie 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chapter 6 reports on the development and implementation of an online programme of personalised, live music for patients in hospital maternity wards during the COVID-19 pandemic. The chapter introduces the music-making practice, which was based on Meaningful Music in Health Care (MiMiC), an innovative, artistic practice developed by Hanze University Groningen and the University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands. Evaluation of patients’ experiences of the programme are presented, revealing that live, person-centred music can build personalised connections, support emotional regulation, and offer opportunities for respite. Alongside this, perspectives from the musicians on the skills required for delivery are shared. Implications are considered for the future delivery of live, personalised, online music interventions in hospital maternity settings to support parental wellbeing.
Music for parent and child interaction
Authors: Pitt Jessica , Fox Sophie 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chapter 10 explores parent-child musical interaction, outlining the origins of musicality inherent in emotionally important relationships from infancy. It discusses communication in early childhood and presents musical interaction as an important component to the earliest communicative expressions of young children. By removing words and focusing on musical playfulness, the work of an early childhood music-arts organisation—Magic Acorns—has discovered through extensive research-informed, reflective practice that parental wellbeing is enhanced when children are recognised as communicators. Findings for practice are outlined, calling for attuned, improvisatory practice built on reduced adult talk, as a decolonising and liberating approach. The chapter questions neoliberal, measurement-driven societal pressures and proposes an ethics of care as the starting point for practice focusing on interaction, music-play, parents, and young children.
Religion, Philosophy, and Allegory in Early Greek Thought
Authors: Hladký Vojtěch 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The chapter situates the Derveni papyrus in the contemporary religious and philosophical context. Based on the research of other scholars, it points out that in the given period, the division between the rational philosophical thought is not as sharp as in modern thought. We have rather to do with a continuous scale. Thus, most notably, unlike in modern religious thought, Greek gods that appear in the Derveni poem are closer to physical principles the Presocratic philosophers posit. But, in turn, these physical principles are far from the inert matter of modern physics. A specific form of relation of traditional religion and philosophy is allegorical interpretation which plays the key role also in the Derveni papyrus. The chapter gives an overview of the development and the forms of early allegorical interpretation. Its most prominent proponents were the followers of Anaxagoras whose influence is can be detected also in the Derveni treatise.
Initial Efforts
Authors: Stauffer George B. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Very few of Bach’s earliest compositions survive, leading to the idea that he may have destroyed the manuscripts of the pieces at a later point, viewing them as “youthful sins.” But the Neumeister Chorales, discovered only in 1985, provide a look at the type of works Bach was writing between 1695 and 1705 or so—that is, when he was still a teenager. Within the Neumeister anthology, Bach’s settings display an inventiveness and eclecticism that distinguishes them from the works of other composers in the album. Written mostly for manuals alone, the pieces are small but remarkably adventurous, brimming with new ideas. The handful of free works from the period show similar qualities, plus a penchant for virtuoso pedal writing. By 1703 Bach was able to win the audition—if not the appointment—for an organist position in Sangerhausen. Chapter 3 explores his compositional accomplishments at this early but critical moment.
Bach in Arnstadt and Mühlhausen
Authors: Stauffer George B. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chapter 4 examines the nature of Bach’s organist appointments in Arnstadt and Mühlhausen. Shortly after the failed attempt to win the organist post in Sangerhausen in 1703, Bach was summoned to Arnstadt to inspect the recently completed Wender pipe organ in the New Church. His recital demonstrating the instrument so impressed the Church Council that they quickly appointed him organist of the church. Although quarrels with the Council eventually led to Bach’s move to Mühlhausen four years later, his time in Arnstadt was remarkably productive and led to his “first fruits” in the realm of organ composition, as the Obituary of 1750 put it. Bach’s tenure as organist of St. Blasius’s Church in Mühlhausen was short-lived, lasting only one year. But it provided him with the opportunity to write his first cantatas. These vocal works, like his organ compositions of the time, show the strong influence of North German style.
Chorale-Based Works
Authors: Stauffer George B. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chapter 5 focuses on the “first fruits” of Bach’s chorale-prelude-writing in Arnstadt and Mühlhausen. Unlike the Neumeister Chorales from Ohrdruf and Lüneburg, the Arnstadt/Mühlhausen works incorporate obbligato pedal lines and display more expansive forms, often combining North German virtuoso figuration and echo techniques with Central German designs and cantabile part-writing. Works such as “Christ Lag in Todesbanden,” BWV718, and “Valet will ich dir geben,” BWV 735a, show Bach’s determination to use dense, intense contrapuntal textures. During this early period the young Bach also composed his initial chorale partitas—sets of variations on meditative hymn tunes that were highly popular in Thuringia. A work such as the Partita on “O Gott, du frommer Gott,” BWV 767, composed at this time, shows Bach’s indebtedness to both Johann Pachelbel and Georg Böhm. But it also exhibits a highly individual stamp that foreshadows Bach’s Weimar style.
Bach in Weimar
Authors: Stauffer George B. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Within a year of arriving in Mühlhausen, Bach accepted a position elsewhere, as organist to the ducal court in Weimar. Although Weimar was a sleepy, provincial town, it offered Bach special opportunities to expand his horizons through the extensive music collections of the court and of Johann Gottfried Walther, organist of the City Church. Bach was admired and well supported by the reigning dukes, Wilhelm Ernst and his nephew Ernst August, and the young Prince Johann Ernst, a prodigy and composer of progressive instrumental pieces. It was in Weimar that Bach wrote “the bulk of his organ works,” according to the Obituary, and it was there that he first encountered the concertos of Vivaldi, an event that radically changed his approach to composition. Chapter 6 surveys these events and discusses the French and Italian music Bach performed, studied, and transcribed during this productive period.
The Orgel-Büchlein
Authors: Stauffer George B. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
One of Bach’s most important undertakings during the initial Weimar years was the Orgel-Büchlein, a project calling for the composition of 164 chorale settings. Bach completed only 45 of the intended pieces, but that was sufficient to allow him to work out a new method of writing organ music with strict three-, four-, and five-part texture and obbligato pedal. In the settings Bach also made great use of rhetorical figures to portray the various affects of the chorale texts. It was a turning point in the development of his keyboard idiom. Chapter 8 looks at the genesis of the Orgel-Büchlein (Bach seems to have compiled it over a period of several years, adding pieces little by little), its function as a compositional workbook and teaching collection, and the style of the pieces it contains. Bach appears to have lost interest in the project once he had worked out his compositional method.
Free Works
Authors: Stauffer George B. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Bach’s greatest contribution in the realm of free organ works, examined in chapter 12, was his rejection of the North German multisectional praeludium in favor of the Central German prelude and fugue. He had written prelude-fugue pairs earlier, but the result was often unbalanced, with large, ambitious fugues accompanied by cursory preludes. In Weimar, Bach developed new methods not only of expanding and organizing fugues but also of creating large, self-sufficient preludes as equal partners. He accomplished this initially by modifying aspects of North German and French styles, in works such as the Fantasia and Fugue in G Minor, BWV 542, and the Fantasia and Fugue in C Minor, BWV 562/1a and 546/2a. He then transformed the prelude-fugue pair by adopting the Venetian concerto principles of Antonio Vivaldi, in works such as the Toccata and Fugue in F Major, BWV 540, and the “Dorian” Toccata and Fugue in D Minor, BWV 538—compositions that broke new ground altogether.
Free Works
Authors: Stauffer George B. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Bach also wrote a number of independent fugues and singular pieces in Weimar—the subject of chapter 13. The “Little” Fugue in G Minor, BWV 568, and the “Gigue” Fugue in G Major, BWV 577, show his use of unified episodes and carefully controlled four-part texture, respectively. By contrast, the Fantasia in G Major, BWV 572, illustrates his Germanic interpretation of the French plein jeu setting, and the Toccata in C Major, BWV 564, demonstrates his adoption of the three-movement Italian concerto form. Both works were one-time experiments. Finally, in the Passacaglia in C Minor, BWV 582, Bach summarized the Central German and North German ostinato forms, not only writing a set of 20 brilliantly organized variations on a theme borrowed from André Raison but capping them with an immense permutation fugue on the same subject. It is as if Bach wanted to outdo the idols of his youth, Pachelbel and Buxtehude.
The Six Sonatas
Authors: Stauffer George B. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chapter 19 focuses on the Six Sonatas, written around 1730 to give final polish to the playing skills of Bach’s oldest son, Wilhelm Friedemann, the best organist in the family after his father. In compiling the Sonatas, Bach relied in part on preexisting music drawn from cantata sinfonias and instrumental trios. In other cases, he composed new music altogether. The Sonatas are among the most progressive organ pieces Bach composed. The middle movements, in particular, show galant elements that foreshadow preclassical style—a feature that would have appealed to Wilhelm Friedemann and other students of a younger generation. When writing the Sonatas Bach also took advantage of the new chamber-music sounds available on the Central German organ, which featured string, flute, and oboe stops that imitated actual orchestral instruments. The performance demands of the Six Sonatas were unparalleled, and the works remain the ultimate test of an organist’s technical and musical skills.
Free Works: Prelude-and-Fugue Pairs
Authors: Stauffer George B. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In the late 1720s Bach also returned to the composition of free organ works, the topic of chapter 20. He seems to have started with the Prelude and Fugue in D Minor (“Fiddle”), BWV 539, whose fugue is an unorthodox transcription of the Fuga from Sonata 1 for Unaccompanied Violin. After this, he went on to write four large “symphonic” pieces: the Prelude and Fugue in B Minor, BWV 544; the Prelude and Fugue in E Minor (“Wedge”), BWV 548; the Prelude and Fugue in C Minor, BWV 546; and the Prelude and Fugue in Eb Major (“St. Anne”), BWV 552. The preludes of these works are characterized by large ritornello segments and highly unified episodes, while the fugues display new structural designs. The “Wedge” Fugue shows a concerto-like structure, with the subject appearing on all seven degrees of the scale; the “St. Anne” Fugue uses metrical metamorphosis to develop three themes.
Clavier-Übung III
Authors: Stauffer George B. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In 1739, in conjunction with the bicentennial celebration of Martin Luther’s visit to Leipzig in 1539, Bach published Clavier-Übung III, a weighty collection of organ works containing a large prelude and fugue, chorale preludes on the German Missa and Lutheran Catechism, and four manual duets. The chorale preludes, based on the founding hymns of the Lutheran Church, display modal harmonies and a wide range of styles, including ritornello forms, organ trios, and galant fughettas. Several settings are written in stile antico, or Renaissance vocal style, including the six-part “Aus tiefer Not, schrei ich zu dir,” BWV 686, an organ motet for four manual parts and double pedal. The Prelude in Eb Major, BWV 552/1, and Fugue in Eb Major, BWV 552/2, serve as framing elements to the chorales, and four substantial manual duets were added to the collection at the last moment, seemingly to increase its sales value.
Canonic Variations on “Vom Himmel hoch, da komm ich her”
Authors: Stauffer George B. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In 1747 Bach was invited to join Lorenz Christoph Mizler’s Society of Musical Sciences, a group of distinguished musicians who discussed musical writings and works contributed by members and circulated by packet. Bach’s major contribution was the Canonic Variations on “Vom Himmel hoch” for Organ, BWV 769, a set of five canons on Luther’s popular Christmas chorale. According to Mizler, Bach printed the work after sharing it with the Society in manuscript form. The printed version, appearing around 1748, contains three three-part canons followed by two four-part canons. The final variation is a contrapuntal tour de force, featuring multiple canons at various intervals. Bach later entered a revised version of the Canonic Variations into the portfolio containing the “Great Eighteen” Chorales, shifting the final variation to the middle of the set and changing the title of the work to match those of the other settings in the portfolio.
States of Health
Authors: Francis Leslie P. , Francis John G. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Are wide differences in health, health care, and public health morally or politically acceptable in a single polity of constitutionally recognized subnational units—that is, a federalist society? Abortion is but one tip of an ever-changing iceberg of these differences, albeit a very pointed one. This volume explores the flexibilities, strengths, and weaknesses of federalism in dealing with morally defined policy conflicts in circumstances of injustice. Federalism may allow great differences in aspects of health from quality of care, to end-of-life decisions, to public health services. These features of federalism generate ethical challenges for health care providers, their patients, and public health. The book identifies the practical relevance of federalism to people facing ethical decisions about health and health care. It facilitates thinking about how to respond to ethical issues raised by subnational variation. Theoretically, it considers justifications for permissible differences among subnational units; these justifications come with conditions, which converge on the importance of effective movement. Finally, the volume explores whether authority over important aspects of health is misaligned in the U.S. today, with some matters problematically left to the states and others problematically taken over by the federal government.
Reproduction and the States
Authors: Francis Leslie P. , Francis John G. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Federalism offers possibilities of accommodating states to go their own ways on ethically contested issues. After the U.S. Supreme Court ended federal constitutional protection for reproductive liberty, states have pursued sharply diverging paths about abortion. This chapter surveys these different paths, along with continuing possible roles for the federal government and the states. It argues that movement among states remains a critical federal protection and that even those states that are adopting stringent prohibitions of abortion have continuing obligations of reproductive justice for all, including assuring patients that they can receive needed health care. Providers have obligations to counsel patients about forms of care that may not be available where they live but could be found elsewhere, and states should protect providers in so doing. In the near term, however, abortion has widened inequalities among and within the states and threatened to undermine some of the hopes of defenders of federalism.
Online Dispute Resolution for Family Disputes
Authors: Rule Colin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The use of technology to resolve family disputes has been rising at a steady rate over the past decade, but the pandemic has markedly accelerated the trend. The roadmap for this integration has largely been drawn from the growing field of online dispute resolution (ODR), which distills best practices in applying technology to conflict management. Initial resistance to the idea of bringing technology into the mediation room has given way to optimism around the potential for technology to help parties achieve resolution and a flowering of different innovations. The design of family ODR platforms has become more user-centric over time, and family ODR has expanded to encompass a spectrum of approaches including diagnosis, negotiation, mediation, and evaluation. This expansion of ODR in family cases is not without challenges; concerns remain about impacts on the psychology of disputants and ethical standards of practice, especially with the rising use of algorithmic tools like machine learning and artificial intelligence. But for now, the opportunities outweigh the challenges, and the author argues that the dispute resolution field should advance the use of technology in family cases while paying continuing attention to efficacy, participant satisfaction, and provider ethics.
Helping Low-Income, Unmarried Families With Parenting Time
Authors: Pearson Jessica , Thoennes Nancy 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
While divorcing families routinely get a decree that addresses both parenting time and financial issues, non-marital families usually have to file separate legal actions in different courts and/or agencies to obtain orders dealing with parenting time and child support. The legal bifurcation of the two issues belies the fact that parenting time and child support are practically interconnected, and there is research evidence that lack of parenting time contributes to non-payment of child support and vice versa. This chapter reviews congressional and state actions to address the disconnect between parenting time and child support. The authors review research findings on the connections between the two issues and some of the approaches states have taken recently to address parenting time in the child support caseload, including the use of online interactive parenting plans and videoconferencing techniques.
Coordination, Validation, and the Hermeneutic Circle
Authors: McClimans Leah M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
What is quality of life with urinary incontinence? Or subjective functioning after a spinal cord injury? Neither philosophers nor health researchers have settled answers to these questions. Yet it is common in the context of healthcare, evidence-based medicine, and evidence-based policy to make claims about a population’s health-related quality of life using patient-centered measures. But if what is being measured is vague or ambiguous, how can epistemically grounded claims be made about it? This chapter argues that settled answers to these questions aren’t necessary to make justified claims. What is needed, however, is recognition of the assumptions and implicit values embedded in these questions, as well as the recognition that these assumptions and values may be wrong. Put otherwise, theories of quality of life aren’t necessary; what is needed is a hermeneutic approach to the practice of measurement.
Challenges to Solidarity
Authors: Sangiovanni Andrea 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter evaluates four common critiques of solidarity, and shows that none of them succeeds. The first critique: solidarity encourages exclusion, and hence is not an appropriate aspiration for a modern, diverse, and individualistic people. The second critique: its demands for unity stifle liberty. The third critique: solidarity is a wishy-washy, vague term whose meaninglessness is a honey trap for demagogues and bad politics. The fourth critique: when given a more precise character, solidarity becomes redundant, no different from similar ideas such as altruism, empathy, identification, fellow-feeling, or justice. When one has a clearer picture of what solidarity is, and why it matters, the force of each of these objections falls away. The conclusion is that solidarity is much more compatible with liberalism than is often assumed.
Solidarity as a Virtue of Equality
Authors: Kolers Avery 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Eudaimonistic virtue ethics has an equality problem: virtue is compatible with denying everyone’s fundamental equality. This problem is glimpsed in standard objections from egoism and conventionalism. Julia Annas responds to these challenges by examining slavery and abolitionism. This chapter rebuts Annas’s response, arguing that eudaimonistic accounts cannot overcome conventionalism because they lack an account of fundamental equality. However, the equality problem can be resolved by incorporating a standalone virtue of solidarity, understood (following David Wiggins) as coequal membership of the “party of humankind.” Notwithstanding Wiggins’s deontological orientation, the chapter argues that his conception works better in a virtue-ethical context because it accommodates Leonard Harris’s “insurrectionist” challenge. Moreover, building on Liz Gulliford and Robert Roberts’s theory of the virtuous character, it argues that a virtue of solidarity helps unify the virtues and connect virtue to flourishing. A virtue of solidarity thus provides, not the “root” of the ethical, but its point.