bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Cardiovascular and Cancer Risk Factors Among Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Prescribed JAK Inhibitors and Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Janak Jud C. , Ross Ryan D. , Brady Brenna L. , Palmer Liisa , Howard Jeffrey T. , Baker Joshua F. 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveThe study was to determine the prevalence of baseline risk factors for cardiovascular outcomes and cancer among commercially‐insured patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) during their first dispensed treatment for either tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) or JAK inhibitors (JAKi).MethodsPatients with RA from August 16, 2019 to March 31, 2022 were identified in the Merative MarketScan Commercial and Medicare databases. The first date that a TNFi or JAKi was dispensed was the index date, and baseline risk factors were assessed among patients continuously eligible for 12 months before the index date. Patients who had the following were stratified into an elevated risk category: age ≥65 years, smoking, or a history of a major adverse cardiovascular event, venous thromboembolism, or cancer. The prevalence of modifiable risk factors was also reported: hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and diabetes. The crude prevalence and prevalence difference (PD) were reported.ResultsA total of 12,673 patients (TNFi [n = 7,748; 61%] and JAKi [n = 4,925; 39%]) met inclusion criteria. The prevalence of elevated risk was the same for all patients using TNFi (n = 2,051; 26%) and JAKi (n = 1,262; 26%). Compared with patients having low risk, patients with an elevated risk also had a higher prevalence of at least one primary modifiable risk factor for both patients using JAKi (79% vs 58%; PD 21%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 18%–24%) and TNFi (81% vs 60%; PD 21%, 95% CI 19%–23%).ConclusionIn recent years, JAKi and TNFi were used in similar proportions to treat RA among commercially‐insured patients at elevated cardiovascular and cancer risk. Because uncontrolled disease, modifiable comorbidities, and treatment with JAKi are associated with these adverse events, future studies evaluating how practice patterns may be affected by the emergence of safety data will be of value.
From Grayscale Photopolymerization 3D Printing to Functionally Graded Materials
Authors: Fei Guanghai , Parra‐Cabrera Cesar , Zhong Kuo , Clays Koen , Ameloot Rob 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFunctionally graded materials (FGMs) have spatial variations in structure or composition that result in gradients in their mechanical, thermal, swelling, or other properties. FGMs have garnered significant research interest because of their extensive applications in areas such as biomedical implants, sensors, and soft robotics. Recently, grayscale photopolymerization 3D printing has emerged as a promising technology for crafting complex and high‐resolution FGMs. This comprehensive work delves into various grayscale photopolymerization 3D printing techniques, offering insights into their ability to precisely control printing exposure energy and polymerization degree, which in turn influence material properties. Furthermore, this work highlights diverse applications of grayscale vat‐photopolymerization 3D printing. Finally, it offers perspectives on ways to enhance grayscale photopolymerization 3D printing, with a focus on improving printing feedstocks and grayscale strategies.
Multi‐Interface Strategy for Electrode Tailoring Toward Fast‐Charging Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Choi Jeong‐Hee , Lee Hae Gon , Lee Min‐Ho , Lee Sang‐Min , Kang Junhee , Suh Joo Hyeong , Park Min‐Sik , Lee Jong‐Won 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThick and dense graphite anodes used in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) suffer from sluggish reaction kinetics at the electrode level, causing Li metal plating on their surfaces and significant capacity decay at high charging currents. Thus, it is crucial to tailor electrodes based on a comprehensive understanding of the complex reaction kinetics to realize fast‐charging LIBs. A multi‐interface strategy is proposed for electrode tailoring using Al2O3 nanoparticles to enhance fast‐charging capability while suppressing Li metal plating. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that the incorporated Al2O3 nanoparticles perturb the charge and molecule distributions in the boundary layer, forming an “interfacial highway” for facile Li+ transport at the Al2O3/electrolyte interface. This pushes Li+ deeper into the electrode and homogenizes the Li+ flux across the electrode's top surface. A full cell assembled with the Al2O3‐decorated graphite electrode (areal capacity of 4.4 mAh cm−2) exhibits excellent cyclability with a capacity retention of 83.4% over 500 cycles even at a 2C rate without any noticeable signal for undesirable Li plating. The role of interfacial highways predicted by theoretical computations is further validated using a pouch‐type full cell (500 mAh). These findings provide insights into the interfacial and microstructural design of high‐capacity graphite electrodes for fast‐charging, long‐cycling LIBs.
Ultrafast Biomimetic Untethered Soft Actuators with Bone‐In‐Flesh Constructs Actuated by Magnetic Field
Authors: Yue Wei , Xu Renxiao , Sui Fanping , Gao Yuan , Lin Liwei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSoft actuators with unique mechanics have gained significant interests for unique capabilities and versatile applications. However, their actuation mechanisms (usually driven by light, heat, or chemical reactions) result in long actuation times. Reported magnetically actuated soft actuators can produce rapid and precise motions, yet their complex manufacturing processes may constrain their range of applications. Here, the “bone‐in‐flesh” is proposed that constructs combining rigid magnetic structures encapsulated within soft polymers to create untethered magnetic soft actuators. This approach enables these soft, impact‐resistant, agile actuators with a significantly simplified fabrication process. As demonstration examples, multiple soft actuators are fabricated and tested, including actuators for auxetic properties, 2D–3D transformations, and multi‐stable states. As such, this work offers a promising solution to challenges associated with soft actuators to potentially expand their applications in various domains.
Sustainable Snail‐Inspired Bio‐Based Adhesives with Ultra‐High Adhesion
Authors: Zhu Qiuwen , Li Rui , Yan Yiyang , Huang Yuxuan , Su Hang , Dong Yutian , Pan Xihao , Sun Wei , Wang XiaoZhao , Meng Hongxu , Wang Rong , Ouyang Hongwei , Hong Yi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAdhesives play a crucial role in modern everyday applications, prompting a growing environmental consciousness regarding their source, composition, utilization, and disposal. Sustainability concerns are frequently generated due to the complex or energy‐intensive manufacturing processes in the production of conventional water‐based adhesives. Here, a coacervate‐based snail‐inspired solvent‐free adhesive (SFA) is engineered by strategically modulating electrostatic interactions and molecular entanglement of two polypeptides under environmentally friendly conditions. The SFA has a record‐breaking adhesion strength of 28 MPa on ceramics, setting a new standard for bio‐based adhesives. The SFA demonstrates robust adhesion performance across a wide temperature ranging from −150 to 300 °C and allows for reusability without compromising adhesion properties. Moreover, it can be easily removed using a non‐toxic alkaline solution. The study presents a promising opportunity for developing high‐performance, reusable adhesives made from renewable materials suitable for industrial applications, relics repair, and even spacecraft processing.
Gate‐Tunable Spin Hall Effect in Trilayer Graphene/Group‐IV Monochalcogenide van der Waals Heterostructures
Authors: Yang Haozhe , Chi Zhendong , Avedissian Garen , Dolan Eoin , Karuppasamy Muthumalai , Martín‐García Beatriz , Gobbi Marco , Sofer Zdenek , Hueso Luis E. , Casanova Fèlix 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSpintronic devices require materials that facilitate effective spin transport, generation, and detection. In this regard, graphene emerges as an ideal candidate for long‐distance spin transport owing to its minimal spin‐orbit coupling, which, however, limits its capacity for effective spin manipulation. This problem can be overcome by putting spin‐orbit coupling materials in close contact with graphene leading to spin‐orbit proximity and, consequently, efficient spin‐to‐charge conversion through mechanisms such as the spin Hall effect. Here, the gate‐dependent spin Hall effect in trilayer graphene proximitized with tin sulfide (SnS) is reported and quantified, a group‐IV monochalcogenide that has recently been predicted to be a viable alternative to transition‐metal dichalcogenides for inducing strong spin‐orbit coupling in graphene. The spin Hall angle exhibits a maximum around the charge neutrality point of graphene up to room temperature. The findings expand the library of materials that induce spin‐orbit coupling in graphene to a new class, group‐IV monochalcogenides, thereby highlighting the potential of 2D materials to pave the way for the development of innovative spin‐based devices and future technological applications.
Materials Strategies to Overcome the Foreign Body Response
Authors: Zhou Xianchi , Wang Youxiang , Ji Jian , Zhang Peng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe foreign body response (FBR) is an immune‐mediated reaction that can occur with most biomaterials and biomedical devices. The FBR initiates a deterioration in the performance of implantable devices, representing a longstanding challenge that consistently hampers their optimal utilization. Over the last decade, significant strides are achieved based on either hydrogel design or surface modifications to mitigate the FBR. This review delves into recent material strategies aimed at mitigating the FBR. Further, the authors look forward to future novel anti‐FBR materials from the perspective of clinical translation needs. Such prospective materials hold the potential to attenuate local immune responses, thereby significantly enhancing the overall performance of implantable devices.
Ferromagnetic Order in 2D Layers of Transition Metal Dichlorides
Authors: Aguirre Andrea , Pinar Solé Andrés , Soler Polo Diego , González‐Orellana Carmen , Thakur Amitayush , Ortuzar Jon , Stesovych Oleksandr , Kumar Manish , Peña‐Díaz Marina , Weber Andrew , Tallarida Massimo , Dai Ji , Dreiser Jan , Muntwiler Matthias , Rogero Celia , Pascual José Ignacio , Jelínek Pavel , Ilyn Maxim , Corso Martina 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMagnetism in two dimensions is traditionally considered an exotic phase mediated by spin fluctuations, but far from collinearly ordered in the ground state. Recently, 2D magnetic states have been discovered in layered van der Waals compounds. Their robust and tunable magnetic state by material composition, combined with reduced dimensionality, foresee a strong potential as a key element in magnetic devices. Here, a class of 2D magnets based on metallic chlorides is presented. The magnetic order survives on top of a metallic substrate, even down to the monolayer limit, and can be switched from perpendicular to in‐plane by substituting the metal ion from iron to nickel. Using functionalized STM tips as magnetic sensors, local exchange fields are identified, even in the absence of an external magnetic field. Since the compounds are processable by molecular beam epitaxy techniques, they provide a platform with large potential for incorporation into current device technologies.
Defect Engineering for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reaction on Transition Metal Oxides: The Role of Metal Defects
Authors: Zheng Jingxuan , Meng Dapeng , Guo Junxin , Liu Xiaobin , Zhou Ling , Wang Zhao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMetal defect engineering is a highly effective strategy for addressing the prevalent high overpotential issues associated with transition metal oxides functioning as dual‐function commercial oxygen reduction reaction/oxygen evolution reaction catalysts for increasing their activity and stability. However, the high formation energy of metal defects poses a challenge to the development of strategies to precisely control the selectivity during metal defect formation. Here, density functional theory calculations are used to demonstrate that altering the pathway of metal defect formation releases metal atoms as metal chlorides, which effectively reduces the formation energy of defects. The metal defects on the monometallic metal oxide surface (Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni) are selectively produced using chlorine plasma. The characterization and density functional theory calculations reveal that catalytic activity is enhanced owing to electronic delocalization induced by metal defects, which reduces the theoretical overpotential. Notably, ab initio molecular dynamics calculations, ex situ XPS, and in situ ATR‐SEIRAS suggest that metal defects effectively improve the adsorption of reactive species on active sites and enhance the efficiency of product desorption, thereby boosting catalytic performance.
Probing the Interfacial Molecular Structure of a Co‐Prussian Blue In Situ
Authors: Bera Anupam , De Ratnadip , Schmidt Heiner , Leistenschneider Desirée , Ulusoy Ghobadi Turkan Gamze , Oschatz Martin , Karadaş Ferdi , Dietzek‐Ivanšić Benjamin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMolecular‐level insight into the interfacial composition of electrodes at the solid‐electrolyte and the solid‐electrode interface is essential to understanding the charge transfer processes, which are vital for electrochemical (EC) and photoelectrochemical (PEC) applications. However, spectroscopic access to both interfaces, particularly upon application of an external bias, remains a challenge. Here, in situ surface sensitive vibrational sum‐frequency generation (VSFG) spectroscopy is used for the first time to directly access the interfacial structure of a cobalt‐containing Prussian blue analog (Co‐PBA) in contact with the electrolyte and TiO2/Au surface. Structural and compositional changes of the Prussian blue layer during electrochemical oxidation are studied by monitoring the stretching vibration of the CN group. At open circuit potential, VSFG reveals a non‐homogeneous distribution of oxidation states of metal sites: FeIII–CN–CoII and FeII–CN–CoIII coordination motifs are dominantly observed at the Co‐PBA|TiO2 interface, while it is only the FeII–CN–CoII unit at the electrolyte interface. Upon increasing the potential applied to the electrode, the partial oxidation of FeII–CN–CoII to FeIII–CN–CoII is observed followed by its transformation to FeII–CN–CoIII via charge transfer and, finally, the formation of FeIII–CN–CoIII species at the interface with TiO2 and the electrolyte.
Nitrogen Doping in VO2 Thin Films on Synthetic Mica Substrates Through Mist Chemical Vapor Deposition: Lowering the Metal–Insulator Transition Temperature Toward Smart Windows
Authors: Kano Taisei , Nishinaka Hiroyuki , Arata Yuta , Yoshimoto Masahiro 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this study, nitrogen (N) is doped into VO2 thin films through mist chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and the effect of the doping on metal–insulator transition (MIT) temperatures is investigated. The N‐doped VO2 thin films are grown on an SnO2 buffer layer. The N‐doped VO2 lattice spacing tends to expand as the growth temperature decreased, which indicates that the incorporation of N into the lattice is derived from the Ethylenediamine. Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is conducted to investigate the relationship between the decrease in the transition temperature and N concentration. The results reveal that the sample grown at 425 °C contains approximately 2 × 1020 cm−3 of N. Thus, efficient nitrogen doping can be achieved through mist CVD. The temperature‐resistance characteristics of VO2 thin films are measured to investigate their electrical properties and MIT temperatures. The results reveal that for undoped samples, the transition temperature slightly decreases with the decrease in the growth temperature. Furthermore, the sample grown at 425 °C exhibits a considerable change in resistance because of MIT at approximately 29.5 °C. These results prove the potential of using mist CVD N‐doped thin films for smart window applications to address future energy problems.
High Color Conversion Efficiency Realized in Graphene‐Connected Nanorod Micro‐LEDs Using Hybrid Ag Nanoparticles and Quantum Dots
Authors: Fang Aoqi , Tang Penghao , Xie Yiyang , Du Zaifa , Guo Weiling , Mei Yu , Xu Hao , Sun Jie 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this paper, a uniform nanorod (NR) array is etched onto the surface of Micro‐Light‐Emitting‐Diodes (µLEDs) and mix Ag nanoparticles (NPs) with QDs to fill the gaps between the nanorods. Simultaneously, the study utilizes graphene to connect individual nanorods and enhance current spreading. The nanorod array's structure significantly reduces the distance between the QDs and the quantum well (QW), reducing energy loss from the excitation light source through a non‐radiative energy transfer (NRET) mechanism. Additionally, the Ag NPs function as localized surface plasmons (LSPs), further enhancing the CCE of QDs via the absorption resonance. In this study, the effects of two types of Ag NPs are compared with different absorption resonance peaks on device performance. The results demonstrate that Ag NPs with absorption resonance peaks matching the emission wavelength of QDs play a more crucial role in the system. This configuration achieves a CCE of 77.78% for µLEDs with nanorod arrays, operating at a current of 10 mA. Compared to the conventional µLED structure with QDs only on the surface, the proposed method improves the CCE of µLEDs by an impressive 86.5%. This outcome underscores the significant contribution of the NR structure and LSPs in enhancing the CCE of QD‐µLEDs.
Interference‐Assisted Independent Amplitude and Phase Manipulation with Broadband Chiral Meta‐Mirror
Authors: Qu Kai , Chen Ke , Hu Qi , Yang Weixu , Zhao Junming , Jiang Tian , Feng Yijun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAchieving simultaneous amplitude and phase control is crucial in various spin‐selective optical applications, particularly for chiral mirrors that exhibit distinct responses when illuminated by orthogonal circularly polarized waves. However, conventional chiral metasurface approaches for amplitude manipulation can only be implemented by adjusting absorption, which limits the bandwidth due to the dispersion nature of the meta‐structure and cannot ensure that the chiral mirror output only one circular polarization component with independent amplitude and phase manipulation at multi‐polarization incidence. Here, an interference‐mechanism‐assisted methodology is proposed for broadband chiral meta‐mirrors with independent control over amplitude and phase. Such controls are achieved by simply setting the rotation angle of each meta‐atom in the integrated quad‐atom structure. The rotation angle of each meta‐atom and the difference between adjacent meta‐atoms rotation angles provide flexible degrees of freedom for controlling phase and amplitude, respectively. Notably, this mechanism stemming from the Pancharatnam‐Berry phase allows for wideband operation due to its dispersion‐free nature of phase control. As proof‐of‐principle demonstrations, numerically verify a series of amplitude‐tailorable phase‐gradient meta‐mirrors and experimentally demonstrate a broadband chiral Airy beam generator. This method offers a straightforward solution for spin‐selective amplitude/phase manipulation which may have the potential to advance the engineering application of chiral metasurfaces.
Desymmetrization of Cyclohexadienones via [3+2]/[2+1] Domino Annulation: Access to Cyclopropane Fused Tricyclic Enones
Authors: Zhu Yannan , Wang Sen , Fang Bo , Li Qiuyun , Qi Gang , Han Zhongfei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA [3+2]/[2+1] domino annulation reaction of cyclohexadienones and α‐aryl vinylsulfonium salts has been reported. A range of cyclopropane fused tricyclic enones bearing four contiguous stereocenters were obtained as a single diastereomer in 44–93% yields. The synthetic utility was demonstrated with the gram‐scale reactions and further transformations of the products.
Genetic Screening of Haploid Neural Stem Cells Reveals that Nfkbia and Atp2b4 are Key Regulators of Oxidative Stress in Neural Precursors
Authors: Nie Shaochen , Zhang Wenhao , Jin Xin , Li Xiaoyan , Sun Shengyi , Zhao Yiding , Jia Qingshen , Li Luyuan , Liu Yan , Liu Dayong , Gao Qian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNeurological diseases are expected to become the leading cause of death in the next decade. Although little is known about it, the interaction between oxidative stress and inflammation is harmful to the nervous system. To find an advanced tool for neural genetics, mouse haploid neural stem cells (haNSCs) from the somite of chimeric mouse embryos at E8.5 is established. The haNSCs present a haploid neural progenitor identity for long‐term culture, promising to robustly differentiate into neural subtypes and being able to form cerebral organoids efficiently. Thereafter, haNSC mutants via a high‐throughput approach and screened targets of oxidative stress is generated using the specific mutant library. Deletion of Nfkbia (the top hit among the insertion mutants) reduces damage from reactive oxygen species (ROS) in NSCs exposed to H2O2. Transcriptome analysis revealed that Atp2b4 is upregulated significantly in Nfkbia‐null NSCs and is probably responsible for the observed resistance. Additionally, overexpression of Atp2b4 itself can increase the survival of NSCs in the presence of H2O2, suggesting that Atp2b4 is closely involved in this resistance. Herein, a powerful haploid system is presented to study functional genetics in neural lineages, shedding light on the screening of critical genes and drugs for neurological diseases.
Bio‐Inspired Electrodes with Rational Spatiotemporal Management for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Song Zelai , Li Weifeng , Gao Zhenhai , Chen Yupeng , Wang Deping , Chen Siyan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) are currently the predominant energy storage power source. However, the urgent issues of enhancing electrochemical performance, prolonging lifetime, preventing thermal runaway‐caused fires, and intelligent application are obstacles to their applications. Herein, bio‐inspired electrodes owning spatiotemporal management of self‐healing, fast ion transport, fire‐extinguishing, thermoresponsive switching, recycling, and flexibility are overviewed comprehensively, showing great promising potentials in practical application due to the significantly enhanced durability and thermal safety of LIBs. Taking advantage of the self‐healing core–shell structures, binders, capsules, or liquid metal alloys, these electrodes can maintain the mechanical integrity during the lithiation–delithiation cycling. After the incorporation of fire‐extinguishing binders, current collectors, or capsules, flame retardants can be released spatiotemporally during thermal runaway to ensure safety. Thermoresponsive switching electrodes are also constructed though adding thermally responsive components, which can rapidly switch LIB off under abnormal conditions and resume their functions quickly when normal operating conditions return. Finally, the challenges of bio‐inspired electrode designs are presented to optimize the spatiotemporal management of LIBs. It is anticipated that the proposed electrodes with spatiotemporal management will not only promote industrial application, but also strengthen the fundamental research of bionics in energy storage.