bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective effects of PPARγ agonists and antagonists on human pre‐adipocyte differentiation
Authors: Leyvraz C. , Suter M. , Verdumo C. , Calmes J.‐M. , Paroz A. , Darimont C. , Gaillard R. C. , Pralong F. P. , Giusti V. 
Published: November 2009

Aim: The insulin sensitizer rosiglitazone (RTZ) acts by activating peroxisome proliferator and activated receptor γ (PPAR γ), an effect accompanied in vivo in humans by an increase in fat storage. We hypothesized that this effect concerns PPARγ1 and PPARγ2 differently and is dependant on the origin of the adipose cells (subcutaneous or visceral). To this aim, the effect of RTZ, the PPARγ antagonist GW9662 and lentiviral vectors expressing interfering RNA were evaluated on human pre‐adipocyte models. Methods: Two models were investigated: the human pre‐adipose cell line Chub‐S7 and primary pre‐adipocytes derived from subcutaneous and visceral biopsies of adipose tissue (AT) obtained from obese patients. Cells were used to perform oil‐red O staining, gene expression measurements and lentiviral infections. Results: In both models, RTZ was found to stimulate the differentiation of pre‐adipocytes into mature cells. This was accompanied by significant increases in both the PPARγ1 and PPARγ2 gene expression, with a relatively stronger stimulation of PPARγ2. In contrast, RTZ failed to stimulate differentiation processes when cells were incubated in the presence of GW9662. This effect was similar to the effect observed using interfering RNA against PPARγ2. It was accompanied by an abrogation of the RTZ‐induced PPARγ2 gene expression, whereas the level of PPARγ1 was not affected. Conclusions: Both the GW9662 treatment and interfering RNA against PPARγ2 are able to abrogate RTZ‐induced differentiation without a significant change of PPARγ1 gene expression. These results are consistent with previous results obtained in animal models and suggest that in humans PPARγ2 may also be the key isoform involved in fat storage.
The role of integrins in corneal wound healing
Authors: Carter Renee T. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIntegrins are cell adhesion molecules important in cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix interactions. These interactions are vital to numerous physiological processes including corneal wound healing. This review discusses the structure of integrins as well as the various roles that integrins play in the corneal wound healing process. Integrin profile abnormalities identified in various corneal pathological conditions are also reviewed.
The use of amniotic membrane transplantation for ocular surface reconstruction: a review and series of 58 equine clinical cases (2002–2008)
Authors: Plummer Caryn E. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAmniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) is an effective clinical therapy for reconstruction of the ocular surface in human and veterinary patients. Amnion is avascular and strong, contains antiangiogenic and antiinflammatory properties and growth factors, and has properties that prevent or decrease fibrosis in healing tissue. Indications for its use are steadily growing and include grafting to replace diseased, missing or excised tissue, patching to support diseased tissue during the healing process and as a substrate for the expansion of epithelial cells for transplantation to the cornea. AMT through a combination of mechanical and biologic factors can preserve the integrity of the globe, optimize the visual outcome, and minimize scarring in severely diseased corneas.
Meet the corneal myofibroblast: the role of myofibroblast transformation in corneal wound healing and pathology
Authors: Myrna Kathern E. , Pot Simon A. , Murphy Christopher J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn recent years the role of the myofibroblast in corneal wound healing has been extensively studied. The transformation of the corneal keratocyte to the fibroblast and myofibroblast phenotypes is a critical process in normal and pathologic corneal wound healing. This review will introduce this important transformation and its role in corneal wound healing and pathology.
Response to fesoterodine in patients with an overactive bladder and urgency urinary incontinence is independent of the urodynamic finding of detrusor overactivity
Authors: Nitti Victor W. , Rovner Eric S. , Bavendam Tamara 
Published: November 2009

Study Type – Therapy (RCT) Level of Evidence 1bOBJECTIVETo determine whether the presence of detrusor overactivity (DO) in patients with overactive bladder (OAB) and urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) is a predictor of the response to treatment with fesoterodine.PATIENTS AND METHODSThis phase 2 randomized, multicentre, placebo‐controlled trial consisted of a 1‐week placebo run‐in phase followed by an 8‐week double‐blind period. Eligible for the study were men and women aged 18–78 years with symptoms or signs of OAB with UUI; they were stratified into two balanced strata depending on the outcome of a baseline urodynamic assessment. By using this particular study design it was possible to investigate whether there were differences between the strata. The primary endpoint was the change from baseline to week 8 in mean voids/24 h. Secondary endpoints were the changes in UUI episodes/week, and for those patients with DO at baseline, the mean changes in volume at first involuntary contraction associated with a feeling of urgency, first desire to void, and strong desire to void, and change in maximum cystometric capacity. Because there were few patients the secondary analyses were considered exploratory.RESULTSOverall, there were linear dose‐response relationships for placebo and the fesoterodine groups for the reduction in the number of voids/24 h and UUI episodes/week. Compared with the placebo group, the least squares mean changes from baseline to week 8 in both variables were significantly improved in patients receiving fesoterodine 4 mg (P = 0.045 and 0.040, respectively), 8 mg (P < 0.001 for both), and 12 mg (P < 0.001 for both). There were no significant differences in treatment responses, as measured by both variables between patients with and without DO. For patients with DO, the mean volume at the first desire to void improved in all fesoterodine treatment groups and worsened in the placebo group.CONCLUSIONSRegardless of the presence of DO, the response to fesoterodine treatment was dose‐proportional and associated with significant improvements in OAB symptoms, indicating that the response to OAB pharmacotherapy in patients with UUI was independent of the urodynamic diagnosis of DO.
Rapid analysis of Jatropha curcas gene functions by virus‐induced gene silencing
Authors: Ye Jian , Qu Jing , Bui Ha Thi Ngoc , Chua Nam‐Hai 
Published: November 2009

Summary Jatropha curcas L. is a small, woody tree of the Euphorbiaceae family. This plant can grow on marginal land in the tropical and subtropical regions and produces seeds containing up to 30% oil. Several Asian countries have selected Jatropha for large scale planting as a biodiesel feedstock. Nevertheless, Jatropha also possesses several undesirable traits that may limit its wide adoption. An improved understanding of plant development and the regulation of fatty acid (FA) and triacylglyceride biosynthesis in Jatropha is particularly facilitative for the development of elite crops. Here, we show that a tobacco rattle virus (TRV) vector can trigger virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) in Jatropha. Our optimized method produced robust and reliable gene silencing in plants agroinoculated with recombinant TRV harbouring Jatropha gene sequences. We used VIGS to investigate possible functions of 13 Jatropha genes of several functional categories, including FA biosynthesis, developmental regulation and toxin biosynthesis, etc. Based on the effects of VIGS on the FA composition of newly emerged leaves, we determined the function of several genes implicated in FA biosynthesis. Moreover, VIGS was able to discriminate independent functions of related gene family members. Our results show that VIGS can be used for high‐throughput screening of Jatropha genes whose functions can be assayed in leaves.
Remembering theauca: violence and generational memory in Amazonian Ecuador
Authors: High Casey 
Published: November 2009

In Amazonian Ecuador and beyond, indigenous Waorani people have received considerable attention for their history of revenge killings during much of the twentieth century. In pointing to the heterogeneous forms of social memory assigned to specific generations, the article describes how oral histories and public performances of past violence mediate changing forms of sociality. While the victim's perspective in oral histories is fundamental to Waorani notions of personhood and ethnic identity, young men acquire the symbolic role of ‘wild’ Amazonian killers in public performances of the past. Rather than being contradictory or competing historical representations, these multiple forms of social memory become specific generational roles in local villages and in regional inter‐ethnic relations. The article suggests that, beyond the transmission of a fixed package of historical knowledge, memory is expressed in the multiple and often contrasting forms of historical representation assigned to particular kinds of people.RésuméEn Amazonie équatorienne et ailleurs, les peuples autochtones Waorani ont bénéficié d’une attention considérable pendant une bonne part du XXesiècle pour leur histoire de vendetta. En pointant l’hétérogénéité des formes de mémoire sociale associées à différentes générations, l’auteur décrit la façon dont les histoires orales et les performances publiques des violences passées médient des formes changeantes de socialité. Tandis que le point de vue de la victime dans ces récits oraux est fondamental dans les notions de personnalité et d’identité ethnique des Waoranis, les jeunes gens acquièrent le rôle symbolique des tueurs amazoniens « sauvages » lors de performances publiques évoquant le passé. Plutôt que des représentations historiques contradictoires ou concurrentes, ces multiples formes de mémoire sociale se muent en rôles générationnels spécifiques dans les villages locaux et en relations interethniques régionales. L’auteur suggère qu’au‐delà de la transmission d’un bagage immuable de connaissances historiques, la mémoire s’exprime dans les formes multiples et souvent très différentes de représentation historique attribués à certaines catégories de personnes.
Acquisition of Information and Share Prices: An Empirical Investigation of Cognitive Dissonance
Authors: Argentesi Elena , Lütkepohl Helmut , Motta Massimo 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis paper deals with the determinants of agents’ acquisition of information. Our econometric evidence shows that the general index of Italian share-prices and the series of Italy’s financial newspaper sales are cointegrated, and the former series Granger-causes the latter, thereby giving support to the cognitive dissonance hypothesis: (non-professional) agents tend to buy the newspaper when share prices are high and not to buy it when share prices are low. Instead, we do not find support for the hypothesis that the agents acquire information in order to trade in the stock market: we find no relationship between quantities exchanged in the market and newspaper sales, nor between stock market volatility and newspaper sales.
Liver X receptor agonist treatment regulates inflammatory response after spinal cord trauma
Authors: Paterniti Irene , Genovese Tiziana , Mazzon Emanuela , Crisafulli Concetta , Di Paola Rosanna , Galuppo Maria , Bramanti Placido , Cuzzocrea Salvatore 
Published: November 2009

J. Neurochem. (2010) 112, 611–624.AbstractLiver X receptor α (LXRα) and LXRβ are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand‐activated transcription factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of T0901317, a potent LXR receptor ligand, in a mouse model of spinal cord injury (SCI). SCI was induced by the application of vascular clips (force of 24 g) to the dura via a four‐level T5–T8 laminectomy in mice. Treatment with T0901317, 1 and 6 h after the SCI, significantly decreased (i) the degree of spinal cord inflammation and tissue injury (histological score); (ii) neutrophil infiltration (myeloperoxidase activity); (iii) inducible nitric oxide synthase expression; (iv) nitrotyrosine, lipid peroxidation, and poly‐ADP‐ribose formation; (v) pro‐inflammatory cytokines expression; (vi) nuclear factor‐kappa B activation; and (vii) apoptosis (terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase‐mediated UTP end labeling staining, FAS ligand, Bax, and Bcl‐2 expression). Moreover, T0901317 significantly ameliorated the loss of limb function (evaluated by motor recovery score). These data suggest that LXR ligand may be useful in the treatment of inflammation associated with SCI.
Elevation of alanine transaminase and gallbladder wall abnormalities as biomarkers of anaphylaxis in canine hypersensitivity patients
Authors: Quantz Jonnie E. , Miles Macon S. , Reed Ann L. , White George A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjective –The purpose of the study was to evaluate alanine transaminase (ALT) and gallbladder wall abnormalities as possible biomarkers for anaphylaxis in dogs presented for acute hypersensitivity reactions.Design –Pilot study.Setting –A private practice, small animal, 24‐hour emergency and specialty hospital.Animals –Ninety‐six dogs presenting 101 times on an emergency basis for hypersensitivity reactions from March 2007 through March 2009.Interventions –Veterinarians acquired a history, physical exam, serum chemistry panel, blood pressure, and ultrasound image of the gallbladder.Measurements and Main Results –Dogs were then divided into 2 groups: dogs fulfilling the definition for anaphylaxis (moderate and severe systemic hypersensitivity) and dogs that did not fulfill the definition and were classified as allergic reactions (local hypersensitivity and mild systemic hypersensitivity). Elevated ALT was significantly associated with anaphylaxis (P<0.001). Increased gallbladder wall thickness and a striated wall pattern were significantly associated with anaphylaxis (P<0.001) and these changes were readily apparent to first‐responder veterinarians. Decreased body temperature (P<0.001) and hypothermia (P=0.006) were significantly associated with anaphylaxis. There was no significant difference between groups regarding age, heart rate, or presence of respiratory signs. Lower blood pressure was significantly associated with anaphylaxis (P<0.001) but hypotension was not significantly different (P=0.09) between groups. Cutaneous signs were significantly associated with the allergic reactions group (P<0.001) and, when seen with anaphylaxis, were subtle.Conclusions –This study showed an elevated ALT and an abnormal gallbladder wall to be biomarkers significantly associated with anaphylaxis in dogs with acute hypersensitivity reactions.
Plasma arginine vasopressin concentration in horses undergoing surgery for colic
Authors: Ludders John W. , Palos Hanna‐Maaria , Erb Hollis N. , Lamb Stephen V. , Vincent Stella E. , Gleed Robin D. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjective –To determine if horses before undergoing anesthesia for surgical correction of colic would have lower plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) concentrations than healthy horses undergoing anesthesia for arthroscopic surgery, and would not increase their plasma AVP concentrations in response to anesthesia and surgery.Design –Prospective clinical study.Setting –University teaching hospital.Animals –Fourteen horses with colic and 8 healthy horses.Interventions –Horses with colic underwent anesthesia and surgery for alleviation of colic, and healthy horses underwent anesthesia and surgery for arthroscopy.Measurements and Main Results –Plasma AVP was measured perioperatively in horses with colic and in healthy horses. Before anesthesia, and 30 and 60 minutes after induction, horses with colic had greater median plasma AVP concentrations than control horses (P≤0.001); thereafter during anesthesia differences in AVP concentrations between the 2 groups were not significant. In the control group, plasma AVP concentration increased during 120 minutes of anesthesia; no such increase occurred in colic horses.Conclusions –Compared with healthy horses, horses with colic had higher preanesthesia plasma AVP concentrations that did not increase further in response to anesthesia and surgery. Exogenous AVP is associated with decreased splanchnic perfusion in a variety of animal species and, therefore, could be detrimental to horses with colic. Thus, it may be inappropriate to use exogenous AVP in support of blood pressure in anesthetized horses with colic. Further studies are warranted to define appropriate indications for the use of AVP in horses with colic.
Endoscopically guided nasojejunal tube placement in dogs for short‐term postduodenal feeding
Authors: Pápa Kinga , Psáder Roland , Sterczer Ágnes , Pap Ákos , Rinkinen Minna , Spillmann Thomas 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjective
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To evaluate a method for endoscopically guided nasojejunal tube placement allowing short‐term postduodenal feeding and chyme withdrawal in dogs.Design
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Pilot study.Setting
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University teaching hospital.Animals
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Three healthy Beagle dogs with jejunal nipple valve fistulas.Interventions
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After the dogs were anesthetized, an 8 Fr, 250‐cm polyvinyl chloride catheter was advanced through a gastroscope into the jejunum. Correct jejunal placement was established using endoscopic visualization and confirmed by fluoroscopy and radiography. The proximal end of the tube was pulled out through 1 nostril and sutured to the skin of the forehead. Thereafter, jejunal feeding was administered for 4 days. Follow‐up examinations included daily confirmation of the tube's position using radiography, physical examination, and blood analyses. Withdrawal of jejunal chyme was performed after jejunal and oral feeding.Measurements and Main Results
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Fluoroscopic examination confirmed that endoscopic visualization alone allowed correct jejunal placement. During a 4‐day postduodenal feeding period, repeated radiographic examination revealed stable positioning of the tubes within the jejunum with minor cranial displacement. The tubes were functional throughout the study without causing identifiable problems. Repeated physical examinations and blood analysis showed no abnormalities. We were able to administer the daily caloric requirements as a liquid diet. Jejunal chyme was successfully withdrawn via the tube.Conclusions
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Endoscopically guided nasojejunal tube placement was shown to be a minimally invasive, well‐tolerated method for short‐term jejunal feeding in healthy dogs. This technique is a viable option for dogs requiring jejunal feeding but not laparotomy. The feasibility of chyme sampling is another unique application of the procedure.
Late Quaternary glaciation and equilibrium line altitude variations of the McKinley River region, central Alaska Range
Authors: DORTCH JASON M. , OWEN LEWIS A. , CAFFEE MARC W. , BREASE PHIL 
Published: November 2009

Dortch, J. M., Owen, L. A., Caffee, M. W. & Brease, P. 2009: Late Quaternary glaciation and equilibrium line altitude variations of the McKinley River region, central Alaska Range.Boreas, 10.1111/j.1502‐3885.2009.00121.x. ISSN 0300‐9483Glacial deposits and landforms produced by the Muldrow and Peters glaciers in the McKinley River region of Alaska were examined using geomorphic and10Be terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide (TCN) surface exposure dating (SED) methods to assess the timing and nature of late Quaternary glaciation and moraine stabilization. In addition to the oldest glacial deposits (McLeod Creek Drift), a group of four late Pleistocene moraines (MP‐I, II, III and IV) and three late Holocene till deposits (‘X’, ‘Y’ and ‘Z’ drifts) are present in the region, representing at least eight glacial advances. The10Be TCN ages for the MP‐I moraine ranged from 2.5 kyr to 146 kyr, which highlights the problems of defining the ages of late Quaternary moraines using SED methods in central Alaska. The Muldrow ‘X’ drift has a10Be TCN age of ∼0.54 kyr, which is ∼1.3 kyr younger than the independent minimum lichen age of ∼1.8 kyr. This age difference probably represents the minimum time between formation and early stabilization of the moraine. Contemporary and former equilibrium line altitudes (ELAs) were determined. The ELA depressions for the Muldrow glacial system were 560, 400, 350 and 190 m and for the Peters glacial system 560, 360, 150 and 10 m, based on MP‐I through MP‐IV moraines, respectively. The difference between ELA depressions for the Muldrow and Peters glaciers likely reflects differences in supraglacial debris‐cover, glacier hypsometry and topographic controls on glacier mass balance.
LTA 252GG and GA Genotypes are Associated with Diffuse‐Type Noncardia Gastric Cancer Risk in the Japanese Population
Authors: Suzuki Gen , Cullings Harry , Fujiwara Saeko , Matsuura Shinsuke , Kishi Takeshi , Ohishi Waka , Akahoshi Masazumi , Hayashi Tomonori , Tahara Eiichi 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackground:  There are limited numbers of reports on the association of lymphotoxin‐alpha (LTA) genotypes with gastric cancer.Methods:  A nested case–control study was carried out in the longitudinal cohort of atomic bomb survivors using stored sera before diagnosis (mean, 2.3 years) and blood cells. Enrolled were 287 cases with noncardia gastric cancer of diffuse and intestinal types and three controls per case selected from cohort members matched on age, gender, city, and time and type of serum storage and counter‐matched on radiation dose.Results:  LTA 252GG and GA genotypes were associated with the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori IgG seropositivity and higher antibody titer against H. pylori cytotoxin‐associated gene A (CagA) protein in controls and they were an independent risk factor for noncardia gastric cancer of diffuse type (RR = 2.8 (95% CI: 1.3–6.3), p = .01, and RR = 2.7 (95% CI: 1.5–4.8), p < .001), but not for intestinal type, after adjusting for H. pylori IgG seropositivity, CagA antibody titers, chronic atrophic gastritis, smoking, and radiation dose. Cessation of smoking (RR = 0.4 (95% CI: 0.2–0.7), p < .001) and never smoking (RR = 0.4 (95% CI: 0.3–0.6), p < .001) were both protective for future noncardia gastric cancer. Radiation dose was associated with noncardia gastric cancer in subjects with both the LTA 252G‐allele and never smoking/quit smoking histories (RR = 3.8 (95% CI: 1.7–5.9), p = .009).Conclusion:  The LTA 252 genotype is associated with noncardia gastric cancer of diffuse type in Japan and interacted with radiation dose.