bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteolytic Activity in the Midgut of the Crimson Speckled Moth Utethesia Pulchella L. (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae)
Authors: Ajamhassani Maryam , Zibaee Arash , Sendi Jalal , Askary Hassan , Farrar Nasser 
Published: June 2012

Proteolytic Activity in the Midgut of the Crimson Speckled MothUtethesia PulchellaL. (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae)Samples were prepared from the midgut of 4th instar larvae of the crimson speckled mothUtethesia pulchellaL. to find proteolytic activity and properties. Result revealed the presence of high proteolytic activity in the midgut when taking into account specific proteinases including trypsin-like, chymotrypsin-like, elastase and two exopeptidase (aminopeptidase and carboxipeptidase). The optimal pH of general protease was 8 and 7 when using azocasein and hemoglobin as general substrates, respectively. The optimal temperature of the total proteolytic activity in the midgut ofU. pulchellawas 25°C and 30°C when using azocasein and hemoglobin, respectively. Proteolytic activity was inhibited significantly by soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI), phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), trypsin inhibitor (TLCK), chymotrypsin inhibitor (TPCK) and Phenanthroline. These results provide evidences for the presence of serine proteinases as the major proteases in the midgut ofU. pulchella;a key rangeland pest in warm climates. The interaction between digestive proteases and protease inhibitors have potentially important consequences for pest management programs.
Universalism against particularism. Kettil Bruun and the ideological background of the Total Consumption Model
Authors: Sulkunen Pekka , Warsell Leena 
Published: June 2012

Aims This article discusses one of the dominant doctrines in the alcohol policy field today; the need to regulate the total consumption of alcohol in the population. This position is theoretically justifiable and based on a large body of evidence. However, in practice its consistent implementation is rare. This contradiction results partly from inefficiency of the instruments – price control and availability restrictions – but it has an ideological background that will be the focus of this article. Design and Data Our paper goes back to the sources of Kettil Bruuns ideas that led to the publication of Alcohol Control Policy in Public Health Perspective in 1975. This book started the wave of research and policy debate on the Total Consumption Model that continues to date. We also base our argumentation on information received by Bruuns colleagues and peers. Results Many of Bruuns ideas originated from studies of areas other than alcohol. Three elements in his previous research experience were particularly important: (a) studies on power, (b) research on international drug policy, and (c) criminology and social control in general. Conclusions Economic power often contradicts the public interest. Drug policy demonstrates how such power leads to selective approaches in social control, and research on social control warns of the danger of discrimination against vulnerable populations. Against this, Bruuns approach to social policy stressed transparency, the priority of the public good against particular privileges and the importance of universalism in social policy to avoid particularistic biases. These elements motivated Bruuns interest in the total consumption approach.
Alcohol policy and local democracy in Sweden
Authors: Karlsson David 
Published: June 2012

Aims Europeanisation has led to an elevated role for Swedish local government in the field of alcohol policy, as the national government has been deprived of many of its previous policy instruments. Municipalities are now responsible for handling the social effects of political liberalisation on the national and European level. But are the municipalities and local democracy ready to take this responsibility? This article investigates whether the fundamental prerequisites for democratic processes in the field of alcohol policy are in place in Swedish local government. Is the field politicised and are the ideological dimensions of the field mirrored by political parties, providing the local citizens with political alternatives on Election Day? Methods The data comes from a survey to 1,388 local councillors in 49 municipalities. Results Issues of alcohol policy are indeed politicised in Swedish local politics, with a clearly identifiable ideological dimension in the attitudes of local councillors. This dimensionality is partly mirrored in the councillors’ party affiliation, and their ideological views on alcohol can to a certain extent be explained by their social attributes. Conclusion The fundamental prerequisites are in place for Swedish local representative democracy to handle the field of alcohol policy.
Implementing guidelines for substance abuse treatment: a critical discussion of “Knowledge to Practice”
Authors: Karlsson Patrik , Bergmark Anders 
Published: June 2012

Aims We critically discuss the campaign “Knowledge to Practice”. A popular assumption within the evidence-based practice (EBP) framework is that guidelines for best practices are useful for increasing the inflow of research into practice. In Sweden, an initiative known as “Knowledge to Practice” (KTP) has since 2008 been devoted to implementing the National Board of Health and Welfare's guidelines for substance abuse treatment in practice. Material Our critical discussion is based on an analysis of available documents describing the KTP campaign. Results We argue that the implementation process is marred with problems all the way from the beginning, where the guidelines are produced, to the final stage of local “adoption”. The vague character of the guidelines coupled with unclear usages of key concepts such as “service user involvement” and EBP as well as a perspective of EBP that in certain respects undermine the legitimacy of its own mission lead us to raise serious doubt about KTP. Conclussions We conclude that KTP can be seen as a clear example of a general unawareness of the two main, largely incompatible “models” of EBP identified in the literature. Further, KTP may as a consequence of this have had the unintended effect of disseminating vague and unclear conceptions of EBP to practitioners.
Comorbid drug use disorders and eating disorders — a review of prevalence studies
Authors: Nøkleby Heid 
Published: June 2012

Aims This study reviews literature on comorbidity of drug use disorders (DUD) and eating disorders (ED). The article updates knowledge on the occurrence of comorbidity of these diagnoses. Methods The databases Embase, Medline and PsycInfo were searched for studies published between 1990 and May 2011, with combinations of the terms ‘eating disorder’, ‘substance-related disorder’, ‘drug dependence’, ‘drug abuse’, ‘drug addiction’ and ‘substance abuse’. This generated altogether 596 studies. Studies in which diagnostic DUD and ED were not assessed in the same sample or the result was not given in percentages were excluded. Thirteen studies remained. Results In 11 of the 13 studies, the participants were initially diagnosed with an eating disorder. The prevalence of lifetime drug use disorders varies from 8–43 %. In two studies, DUD is the initial diagnosis, and the participants report 14 % concurrent and 27.3% lifetime ED. The most prevalent co-occurring diagnoses tend to be bulimia nervosa/bingeing-purging anorexia nervosa, and stimulants/cannabis disorders. Conclusions The lifetime prevalence percentages of eating disorders in people with drug use disorders (and vice versa) are higher than in the general population. The results indicate that the field of drug disorder treatment and research could benefit from paying closer attention to the risk of eating disorders.
Ethical issues in clinical trials in children
Authors: Glasa J. , Glasová H. , Glasová M. , Krčméryová T. 
Published: June 2012

Ethical issues in clinical trials in children
Clinical trials (CTs) in children involve much methodological specificity that are reflected in the ethical issues related to them, as well as in the evaluation of ethical acceptability of the given protocol by an ethics committee. A child in comparison to an adult exhibits numerous patho/physiological differences that are in addition characterized by the quick changes during the child's growth and development. Nowadays, there are no doubts about the necessity of conducting specific CTs in children that are not possible to perform in adults. Despite children are not able to give legally valid informed consent and it is necessary to obtain consent from the child's parents, or from the legal representative, it is also necessary, before including the child into the trial, to obtain his/her appropriate agreement (assent) with participation. It is a must always to fully respect the requirements of minimization of pain, discomfort, fear, and separation from the parents especially from the mother. Special ethical issues are connected with CTs conducted in neonatal period. On the part of the professional public, producers of medicinal drugs, as well as from the positions of the European institutions, considerable attention is being paid to the area of CTs in children. It is reflected in numerous scientific researches, and professional and legislative activities. In the Slovak Republic, the area of biomedical research, including CTs, in children and minors is covered by up-to-date, comprehensive legislation. It ensures not only the maximal protection of the child or minor taking part in biomedical research or CT, but it also provides sufficient level of legal certainty to the sponsors and investigators of biomedical research projects/CTs.
Respiratory diseases and pneumoniamanifestof seasonal variability an example from Nitra region in Slovakia
Authors: Magula D. 
Published: June 2012

Respiratory diseases and pneumoniamanifestof seasonal variability an example from Nitra region in Slovakia
The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence of some respiratory diseases in outpatient's pneumology departments along three years period and point out seasonal variation in these diseases. The number of examined ambulatory patients suffered from all causes of respiratory diseases and pneumonia on monthly basis were applied to create a time-series analysis in numerical and graphical output of data. Significant differences in all followed diseases between winter season and summer season were observed. These data are in accordance with data of other authors and epidemiological surveys on long year's basis. Possible reasons of these observations are discussed, and it may speculate about seasonally driven viral circulation. Deficiency in vitamin D levels in wintertime is another possible reason for winter peak in the incidence of respiratory diseases. Our results can aid not only in effective allocation of resources and services but can be helpful for better understanding of respiratory epidemiology, respiratory pathology with potential role of vitamin D in its possible improvement, especially in wintertime.
35 years of education in clinical pharmacology at the Faculty of Pharmacy in Comenius University
Authors: Švec P. , Kuželová M. 
Published: June 2012

35 years of education in clinical pharmacology at the Faculty of Pharmacy in Comenius University
Clinical pharmacology has been recognized as both an academic as well as healthcare specialty in all developed countries. For all healthcare providers using drugs, clinical pharmacology showed the way to apply the principles of pharmacology in a variety of individual circumstances in patients with the intent to maximize the benefits and minimize the risks of pharmacotherapy. This situation led to the introduction of clinical pharmacology to the curriculum of pharmaceutical study at the Faculty of Pharmacy, CU, in Bratislava in the academic year 1973/74. The development of the content of the study plan in clinical pharmacology is discussed in this paper. The author's claim, proven by multiple independent research studies, is that clinical pharmacology is the most complete, easiest to use and most objective drug information base for solutions to pharmacotherapy problems today.
Assessment of Rail Freight Transport Service Quality
Authors: Palšaitis Ramūnas , Ponomariovas Andrejus 
Published: June 2012

Assessment of Rail Freight Transport Service Quality
Investigations show a growth of requirements for goods transportation quality by rail. There is a need to analyse in details goods transportation system by rail to meet requirements of market and give extra boost to development transportation service quality. The purpose of the current article is to give a partial overview about the experts, freight forwarders and customers' survey results. The analysis of customers' answers showed that they are not fully satisfied with quality of the service. It was identified that freight forwarders and other transportation service providers must carry out regular self-assessment of performance against defined criteria of service. Clear and united criteria of cargo transportation quality by rail will make easier to choose transport mode, transport means and route. The survey data and literature analysis showed that there is a vast range of criteria to be proposed for rail service quality evaluation, but no one of the models is prevailing. The analysis showed that most often the mentioned criteria are linked with the information, rolling stock, reliability and punctuality.
Stress and Strain Definition of an Open Profile Thin-Walled Beam at Constrained Torsion by Boundary Element Method
Authors: Zlatanov Zlatko 
Published: June 2012

Stress and Strain Definition of an Open Profile Thin-Walled Beam at Constrained Torsion by Boundary Element Method
Thin-walled beams with open profile at constrained torsion are investigated in this paper. A thin-walled beam loaded by an external bi-moment at constrained torsion is investigated in this paper. An analytical variant of the boundary element method (BEM) is presented, which is based on a new scheme of the integral ratios transformation of the initial parameters method in a system of linear algebraic equations. Only one dimensional integrals are used defining the one dimensional continuum.
A Comparative Study of Random Patterns for Digital Image Correlation
Authors: Stoilov G. , Kavardzhikov V. , Pashkouleva D. 
Published: June 2012

A Comparative Study of Random Patterns for Digital Image CorrelationDigital Image Correlation (DIC) is a computer based image analysis technique utilizing random patterns, which finds applications in experimental mechanics of solids and structures. In this paper a comparative study of three simulated random patterns is done. One of them is generated according to a new algorithm, introduced by the authors. A criterion for quantitative evaluation of random patterns after the calculation of their autocorrelation functions is introduced. The patterns' deformations are simulated numerically and realized experimentally. The displacements are measured by using the DIC method. Tensile tests are performed after printing the generated random patterns on surfaces of standard iron sheet specimens. It is found that the new designed random pattern keeps relatively good quality until reaching 20% deformation.
Analysis of Mode II Crack in Bilayered Composite Beam
Authors: Rizov Victor , Mladensky Angel 
Published: June 2012

Analysis of Mode II Crack in Bilayered Composite Beam
Mode II crack problem in cantilever bilayered composite beams is considered. Two configurations are analyzed. In the first configuration the crack arms have equal heights while in the second one the arms have different heights. The modulus of elasticity and the shear modulus of the beam un-cracked part in the former case and the moment of inertia in the latter are derived as functions of the two layers characteristics. The expressions for the strain energy release rate, G are obtained on the basis of the simple beam theory according to the hypotheses of linear elastic fracture mechanics. The validity of these expressions is established by comparison with a known solution. Parametrical investigations for the influence of the moduli of elasticity ratio as well as the moments of inertia ratio on the strain energy release rate are also performed. The present article is a part of comprehensive investigation in Fracture mechanics of composite beams.
Antioxidative Properties of Bee Pollen Extracts Examined by EPR Spectroscopy
Authors: Rzepecka-Stojko Anna , Pilawa Barbara , Ramos Paweł , Stojko Jerzy 
Published: June 2012

Antioxidative Properties of Bee Pollen Extracts Examined by EPR Spectroscopy
Bee pollen is a valuable and highly recognized source of exogenous antioxidants. The aim of these studies was to determine the antioxidant capacity of three types of bee pollen extracts: ethanol extracts of bee pollen, pepsin extracts of bee pollen and ethanol extracts of pepsin-digested bee pollen. Their antioxidant properties were determined with the use of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and their ability to quench DPPH free radicals was estimated. The EPR results showed that ethanol extracts of pepsin-digested bee pollen (EEPP) had the highest antioxidative effect and the highest free radical DPPH scavenging potential. The pepsin extracts of bee pollen (PEP) had the weakest antioxidant capacity. The ability to quench DPPH free radicals was also the weakest one for this extract. An average antioxidative effect was recorded for ethanol extracts of bee pollen (EEP).
Physicochemical Properties of Honey Produced in the Homesha District of Western Ethiopia
Authors: Gobessa Sisay , Seifu Eyassu , Bezabih Amsalu 
Published: June 2012

Physicochemical Properties of Honey Produced in the Homesha District of Western Ethiopia
This study was conducted to characterize honey produced in the Homesha district in Western Ethiopia. The effects of location and hive type on the quality of honey produced in the area were assessed. A total of 20 honey samples were collected from four locations in the district. The overall mean (±SD) contents of reducing sugars, sucrose, pH, moisture, ash, hydroxymethylfurfural, acidity and water-insoluble solids of the honey samples analyzed were 65 ± 3.02%, 6.1 ± 3.4%, 4.02 ± 0.26, 16.4 ± 1.07%, 0.17 ± 0.07%, 1.8 ± 0.24 mg/kg, 23.9 ± 7.4 meq/kg and 0.09 ± 0.14%, respectively. The sucrose content of honey samples purchased from the market was significantly higher (p<0.05) than the sucrose contents of honey samples collected from other locations. Hive type significantly (p<0.05) influenced the contents of moisture, HMF and water-insoluble solids of honey samples. It can be concluded that honey produced in the Homesha district is of good quality and can meet the national and international market demands.
Swarming and Migration of Apis dorsata and Apis laboriosa Honey Bees in India, Nepal and Bhutan
Authors: Woyke Jerzy , Wilde Jerzy , Wilde Maria 
Published: June 2012

Swarming and Migration ofApis dorsataandApis laboriosaHoney Bees in India, Nepal and BhutanThe migratory open air nestingApis dorsataandApis laboriosahoneybees migrate at least twice a year. DNA genotyping showed that the same swarms return to their natal nesting sites. We examined 23 nesting sites in Nepal, India and Bhutan, on which 587 colonies ofA. dorsataandA. laboriosanested. The results showed that the frequency of the periodic mass flights (PMF) performed by the colonies is a good indicator of the status of current colony performance. During the swarming period, both,A. dorsataandA. laboriosaissue several swarms. In some colonies, so many bees swarmed out, that those remaining in the maternal colonies did not cover the combs. After the rest of the brood emerged, all the bees of such colonies abscond during the swarming period. Thus, absconding appeared in results of total out swarming. The swarms do not migrate directly to the seasonal alternative nesting sites, but establish new colonies in the areas around. After environmental conditions deteriorate, all the bees with their queens abscond and migrate to alternate seasonal nesting sites. The next season, the swarms do not return to their original reproductive natal sites, but to those sites they occupied the previous season lately, where from they absconded.
Effects of the Age of Grafted Larvae and the Effects of Supplemental Feeding on Some Morphological Characteristics of Iranian Queen Honey Bees (Apis mellifera meda Skorikov, 1929)
Authors: Mahbobi Ali , Farshineh-Adl Mohammadbagher , Woyke Jerzy , Abbasi Saeed 
Published: June 2012

Effects of the Age of Grafted Larvae and the Effects of Supplemental Feeding on Some Morphological Characteristics of Iranian Queen Honey Bees (Apis mellifera medaSkorikov, 1929)The research was conducted at the apiary of the Faculty of Agriculture, Zanjan University in Zanjan, Iran. Queens were reared in 24Apis mellifera medahoney bee rearing colonies. The colonies were assigned to 4 grafting larvae age groups; 1 day old larvae, 2 day old larvae, and 3 day old larvae, and the last group reared emergency queen cells. The groups were divided into the 2 feeding groups: fed additionally and no fed. The effects of the age of the grafted larvae and the effects of supplemental feeding on 9 morphological characteristics of queens were measured. The results showed that the age of the larvae significantly affected the morphological characteristics of reared queens, and thus, their quality. Queens reared from 1 day old larvae were of the highest quality. These queens were significantly heavier (158.83 mg) and had significantly larger spermatheca (0.99 mm3) than queens reared from larvae 2 and 3 days old. Queens from emergency queen cells were of lower quality than queens reared from 1 day old larvae. However, queens from emergency queen cells were of higher quality than queens reared from 3 day old larvae. The supplemental feeding significantly increased most morphological characteristics of the reared queens. The different ages of the larvae did not significantly affect the wing length nor did supplemental feeding affect the wing length.
Changes in the Antioxidative System of the Red Mason Bee (Osmia Rufa) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) Induced by Artificially Elongated Diapause
Authors: Dmochowska Kamila , Giejdasz Karol , Fliszkiewicz Monika , Żółtowska Krystyna 
Published: June 2012

Changes in the Antioxidative System of the Red Mason Bee (Osmia Rufa) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) Induced by Artificially Elongated Diapause
Osmia rufa as a polylectic insect is used in the pollination of numerous plants. The usefulness of this insect for plant breeders is considerably limited because of the short flight periods of the insects in the natural environment. In order to break this limitation, the wintering period of the insects in cocoons is elongated. The temperature is maintained at 4°C up to the time of plant blooming. This treatment does shortens the lifetime of the insects which may be the result of oxidative stress. Such results led to the examination of the selected components of antioxidative system. These components are: total antioxidative status, content of glutathione and activity of peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase in O. rufa emerged in spring, according to their biological clock, and emerged in summer - after elongated diapause. It was observed that diapause elongation unprofitably influenced the antioxidative system of a bee. A statistically significant decrease in total antioxidative status, and activity of both antioixidative enzymes - peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase, was noted. The changes in the glutathione level in turn, were insignificant. In our opinion, the lower efficiency of antioxidative systems of the red mason bee emerged in summer, may limit their response ability to endo- and exogenous factors influencing oxidative stress. The results of our study are the first publication concerning an antioxidative system in mason bees.