bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A categorical framework for quantum theory
Authors: Filk T. , von Müller A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractUnderlying any physical theory is a layer of conceptual frames. They connect the mathematical structures used in theoretical models with the phenomena, but they also constitute our fundamental assumptions about reality. Many of the discrepancies between quantum physics and classical physics (including Maxwell's electrodynamics and relativity) can be traced back to these categorical foundations. We argue that classical physics corresponds to the factual aspects of reality and requires a categorical framework which consists of four interdependent components: boolean logic, the linear‐sequential notion of time, the principle of sufficient reason, and the dichotomy between observer and observed. None of these can be dropped without affecting the others. However, quantum theory also addresses the “status nascendi” of facts, i.e., their coming into being. Therefore, quantum physics requires a different conceptual framework which will be elaborated in this article. It is shown that many of its components are already present in the standard formalisms of quantum physics, but in most cases they are highlighted not so much from a conceptual perspective but more from their mathematical structures. The categorical frame underlying quantum physics includes a profoundly different notion of time which encompasses a crucial role for the present. The article introduces the concept of a categorical apparatus (a framework of interdependent categories), explores the appropriate apparatus for classical and quantum theory, and elaborates in particular on the category of non‐sequential time and an extended present which seems to be relevant for a quantum theory of (space)‐time.
Three‐dimensional organotin–hexacyanoferrate polymers as effective oxidizing reagents towards phenols
Authors: Etaiw Safaa El‐din H. , Werida Amal H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThree‐dimensional organotin–hexacyanoferrate polymers of the type ∞3[(R3Sn)3FeIII(CN)6] where R = Me (I), n‐butyl (II) and phenyl (III), represent members of the family of supramolecular coordination polymers (SCPs) which have zeolitic‐like structure containing micropores. The structures of I–III contain wide channels capable of encapsulating resorcinol, which undergoes in situ oxidation to 1,3,4‐trihydroxy benzene (THB) or p‐nitrophenol (PNP), which converts to 1,4‐benzoquinone (BQ) and 2‐hydroxybenzoquinone (2‐HBQ). The oxidation products were investigated by spectroscopic methods and by HPLC. The SCP III was found to be a more effective oxidizing reagent than I and II due to the presence of terminal Sn‐OH2 groups hydrogen bonded to one‐sixth of the terminal CN groups, causing more wide expandable channels. In addition, mechanisms of the oxidation processes of resorcinol and PNP have been proposed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
1,4‐Diiodo‐1,3‐dienes: Versatile Reagents in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Ananikov Valentine P. , Hazipov Oleg V. , Beletskaya Irina P. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract1,4‐Diiodo‐1,3‐dienes are unique reagents in organic synthesis and have been employed in several well‐known and recently developed areas of application. Furthermore, these dienes are easily accessible, starting from the alkynes and iodine, and they have demonstrated high reactivity in cross‐coupling reactions, organometallic synthesis, in the preparation of heterocyclic compounds, and several other transformations. The high reactivity of the 1,4‐diiodo‐1,3‐dienes allows for the development of synthetic procedures that use mild conditions (room temperature). The key advantages in assembling complex organic molecules, natural products, and compounds for material science using 1,4‐diiodo‐1,3‐dienes as building blocks include high yields, excellent selectivity, and diverse reactivity in carboncarbon and carbonheteroatom bond formation. This Focus Review describes the scope and application of the 1,4‐diiodo‐1,3‐dienes in organic synthesis as well as summarizes the methods for preparation of the dienes.
Might dimming the sun change atmospheric ENSO teleconnections as we know them?
Authors: Braesicke Peter , Morgenstern Olaf , Pyle John 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe use a troposphere–stratosphere chemistry‐climate model to investigate the impact of a 10% reduction in solar irradiance. Starting from the changes in global mean surface temperature modelled, we study changes of forced atmospheric variability. Large increases in ozone interacting with the meteorology are modelled, exemplified by changes in El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO)‐related teleconnection patterns. The observed Northern Hemisphere centre of action at 50 hPa, modelled in our base integration, disappears in the run with reduced solar irradiance. This change in forced stratospheric variability highlights the point that the assessment of geoengineering schemes need to consider many possible feedbacks. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Dual vascular access for critical limb ischemia: Immediate and follow‐up results
Authors: Yeh Kuan‐Hung , Tsai Yueh‐Ju , Huang Hsuan‐Li , Chou Hsin‐Hua , Chang Hern‐Jia , Ko Yu‐Lin 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPurpose: To describe a procedural technique involving a combined antegrade femoral and retrograde tibial approach for treatment of complex popliteal and infrapopliteal occlusions, and to determine the safety and efficacy of this technique. Materials and Methods: From May 2008 to March 2010, seven patients presenting with critical limb ischemia received dual vascular access intervention in this institution. Five legs were treated via the retrograde tibial approach after failure of antegrade intervention. A dual access approach was planned and adopted in another two legs. The target vessels were located at popliteal or infrapopliteal arteries. Results: We successfully gained all retrograde tibial access sites and achieved 100% procedural success and immediate hemodynamic improvement. Five legs required stent implantation to optimize the procedural results. No major complication occurred at the tibial access site. During the follow‐up period (11.3 ± 7.2, range 3–23 months), no patients required any major amputation; only one patient underwent a mid‐foot amputation. The target vessel revascularization rate at 3 and 6 months was 0 and 28.6%, respectively. Conclusion: Dual vascular access was successfully used in a small number of selected patients and this technique may hold promise in improving the success rates in the treatment of complex popliteal and infrapopliteal occlusions. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In‐stent restenotic lesions can rupture—A case against plaque sealing
Authors: Hoole Stephen P. , Starovoytov Andrew , Hamburger Jaap N. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe present a case of plaque rupture located inside a restenotic stent. Intravascular ultrasound defined a lesion with a minimal lumen area (MLA) of 3.59 cm2, plaque burden of 72%, and reference vessel luminal diameter of 4.0 mm with an external elastic membrane lumen cross‐section area of 12.6 mm2. There was a clearly identified plaque rupture, with a flap‐like dissection within the stented segment. Virtual histology intravascular ultrasound confirmed that the adjacent plaque had necrotic core with a thin overlying fibrous cap. The remaining tissue next to the dissection plane was fibrotic. This case illustrates that neointimal hyperplasia may organize into an unstable plaque, with a thin fibrous cap overlying a lipid‐rich necrotic core—a so‐called virtual histology thin‐capped fibroatheroma. As defined in the PROSPECT trial, the in‐stent stenotic lesion in our case conformed to the definition of a high‐risk plaque—it had an MLA <4 mm2, plaque burden was ≥70%, and there was >10% necrotic core. It became unstable and ruptured. The demonstrated findings of this case may sway physicians against sealing hemodynamically nonsignificant unstable plaques. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Amplatzer vascular plug closure of a subclavian arteriovenous fistula associated with implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator implantation
Authors: Hess Connie Ng , Ohman E. Magnus , Patel Manesh R. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSubclavian arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is a rare complication of implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) implantation. This report illustrates the case of a subclavian AVF after ICD implantation in a patient with nonischemic cardiomyopathy and the successful closure of this AVF using an Amplatzer vascular occlusion plug. Given the increasing number of ICD implantations, physicians should be made aware of this uncommon complication. In addition, as more percutaneous endovascular techniques are developed to treat peripheral vascular and structural heart disease, iatrogenic AVFs may occur more frequently. The Amplatzer vascular plug should be considered as a potential treatment strategy for AVFs alongside other endovascular and surgical techniques. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acute myocardial infarction and the five‐chambered heart
Authors: Lardizabal Joel A. , Javed Usman , Ambrose John A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe case of a patient presenting with acute inferior ST‐elevation myocardial infarction is described. Emergent coronary angiography of the right coronary artery revealed what appeared to be the abrupt drainage of contrast into a large, peculiar cavity or chamber. Echocardiography and cardiac computed tomography demonstrated a giant right coronary aneurysm in the right coronary artery that gave the impression of a “fifth heart chamber.” The patient underwent successful surgical resection of the aneurysm. Diagnostic and treatment approaches to giant coronary aneurysms are discussed. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
One‐year clinical outcome in an unselected patient population treated with the Genous™ endothelial progenitor cell capturing stent
Authors: Klomp Margo , Beijk Marcel A.M. , Tijssen Jan G.P. , de Winter Robbert J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjective: We assessed the 1‐year clinical outcome in a large cohort of unselected patients treated with an endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) capturing coronary stent. Background: The novel EPC capturing stent is coated with CD34+ antibodies that bind circulating EPCs to the stent surface, thereby accelerating endothelialization of the stent struts; it is hypothesized that this may prevent restenosis and stent thrombosis. Methods: A total of 405 unselected patients were treated percutaneously with the EPC capturing stent. The majority of patients had complex lesions with an estimated high risk of restenosis. Results: The primary endpoint defined as the composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction (MI), and target lesion revascularization (TLR) at 1‐year was 13.3%, mainly attributable to TLR which was 10.9%. The occurrence of definite and probable ST was low, 0.5 and 0.7%, respectively. Based on the risk of restenosis, in patients with an estimated high risk of restenosis (n = 249), the composite primary endpoint was 16.1% versus 9.0% in patients with an estimated low risk (n = 155). Moreover, the 1 year clinical outcomes in diabetic patient compared well with the nondiabetic patients. Conclusion: In this single‐center study, the 1‐year clinical follow‐up in a “real‐world” population treated with the EPC capturing stent showed good results. Currently, large randomized studies are conducted to evaluate the long‐term safety and efficacy of this stent. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Retrograde approach to recanalization of complex tibial disease
Authors: Rogers R. Kevin , Dattilo Philip B. , Garcia Joel A. , Tsai Thomas , Casserly Ivan P. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA significant proportion (∼20%) of patients with complex tibial artery occlusions cannot be treated using a conventional antegrade approach. We report our experience using the retrograde approach for the treatment of complex tibial artery occlusive disease using retrograde pedal/tibial access in 13 limbs from 12 patients. Retrograde pedal/tibial access was achieved in all cases (facilitated by surgical cutdown in one case), and procedural success was achieved in 11 of 13 limbs (85%). Based on this experience, a discussion of clinical and technical aspects of the retrograde pedal/tibial approach is provided, and a new classification for tibial artery occlusive disease is proposed. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rescue treatment by percutaneous closure of interatrial septal defect or PFO in infants with Berlin heart
Authors: Gagliardi Maria Giulia , Papavasileiou Lida , Pongiglione Giacomo 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDuring the past two decades, important progress has been achieved in the treatment of end‐stage congestive heart failure in newborns and infants. The use of ventricular assist devices (VAD) in these patients is now available as a bridge to heart transplantation. The use of a VAD may reveal the presence of a silent interatrial septal defect or a patent foramen ovale (PFO), inducing a right to left shunt resulting in systemic desaturation and hemodynamic instability. We present two cases of low weight infants on circulatory support with VADs and right to left shunt through interatrial septum that were successfully treated by percutaneous intervention with an occlusion device.© 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Safety and efficacy of dual‐axis rotational coronary angiography vs. standard coronary angiography
Authors: Klein Andrew J. , Garcia Joel A. , Hudson Paul A. , Kim Michael S. , Messenger John C. , Casserly Ivan P. , Wink Onno , Hattler Brack , Tsai Thomas T. , Chen S.Y. James , Hansgen Adam , Carroll John D. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjective: To determine the safety and efficacy of dual‐axis rotational coronary angiography (DARCA) by directly comparing it to standard coronary angiography (SA). Background: Standard coronary angiography (SA) requires numerous fixed static images of the coronary tree and has multiple well‐documented limitations. Dual‐axis rotational coronary angiography (DARCA) is a new rotational acquisition technique that entails simultaneous LAO/RAO and cranial/caudal gantry movement. This technological advancement obtains numerous unique images of the left or right coronary tree with a single coronary injection. We sought to assess the safety and efficacy of DARCA as well as determine DARCA's adequacy for CAD screening and assessment. Methods: Thirty patients underwent SA following by DARCA. Contrast volume, radiation dose (DAP) and procedural time were recorded for each method to assess safety. For DARCA acquisitions, blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), symptoms and any arrhythmias were recorded. All angiograms were reviewed for CAD screening adequacy by two independent invasive cardiologists. Results: Compared to SA, use of DARCA was associated with a 51% reduction in contrast, 35% less radiation exposure, and 18% shorter procedural time. Both independent reviewers noted DARCA to be at least equivalent to SA with respect to the ability to screen for CAD. Conclusion: DARCA represents a new angiographic technique which is equivalent in terms of image quality and is associated with less contrast use, radiation exposure, and procedural time than SA. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Usage patterns and 1‐year outcomes with the TAXUS Liberté stent: Results of the TAXUS OLYMPIA registry
Authors: Ahmed Waqar H. , Mendiz Oscar A. , Thomas Martyn R. ,   for the TAXUS OLYMPIA Participating Physicians
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectives: The TAXUS OLYMPIA registry is a prospective, global, post‐approval program designed to collect clinical outcome data through 1 year from patients receiving the TAXUS Liberté paclitaxel‐eluting stent in routine interventional cardiology practice. Background: The thin‐strut TAXUS Liberté stent has been studied in ongoing clinical trials with specific inclusion/exclusion criteria. Methods: Between September 2005 and April 2007, a total of 21,954 patients from 365 sites in 57 countries eligible to receive a TAXUS Liberté stent were enrolled in the TAXUS OLYMPIA registry. Baseline characteristics and procedure patterns were collected and clinical follow‐up is available for 1 year. The primary endpoint was the composite cardiac event (cardiac death, MI, and reintervention of the target vessel) rate related to the TAXUS Liberté stent at 1 year. All cardiac events were monitored and all endpoints were independently adjudicated. Results: Complex patients and lesions were prevalent, including: 27% medically‐treated diabetes, 58% ACC/AHA type B2/C lesions, 32% multiple stenting, 13% long lesions (>28 mm), and 10% small vessels (<2.5 mm). At 1 year, the composite cardiac event rate was 4.4%, including 1.4% cardiac death, 1.0% MI, and 3.2% TVR. Stent thrombosis (ST, angiographically confirmed) occurred in 0.8% of patients, with 0.4% ST occurring >30 days postprocedure. The composite cardiac event rate related to the TAXUS Liberté stent was 3.8% at 1 year. Conclusions: Low 1‐year cardiac event rates were reported with TAXUS Liberté in a broad spectrum of patients, thereby confirming the technical and clinical performance of this stent in a “real‐world” setting. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of rac‐2‐Hydroxy‐1‐indanone by using a Heterogeneous Ru(OH)3/Al2O3 Racemization Catalyst and Lipase
Authors: Långvik Otto , Saloranta Tiina , Kirilin Alexey , Liljeblad Arto , Mäki‐Arvela Päivi , Kanerva Liisa T. , Murzin Dmitry Yu. , Leino Reko 
Published: September 2010

AbstractKinetic resolution and dynamic kinetic resolution, in particular, provide practical tools for synthesis of enantiomerically pure compounds. In the present work, the resolution of rac‐2‐hydroxy‐1‐indanone and racemization of (S)‐2‐hydroxy‐1‐indanone were investigated. Immobilized lipase AK (Pseudomonas fluorescens) was found as the best enzyme catalyst for kinetic resolution and ruthenium supported on Al2O3 as a potential heterogeneous catalyst for racemization of the starting material. By combining the two reactions, a simple dynamic kinetic resolution of rac‐2‐hydroxy‐1‐indanone producing (R)‐1‐oxo‐indan‐2‐yl butanoate was developed. Under optimal conditions, the product was obtained in 92 % ee at approximately 90 % conversion.
Excited‐State Prototropic Equilibrium Dynamics of 6‐Hydroxyquinoline Encapsulated in Microporous Catalytic Faujasite Zeolites
Authors: Park Sun‐Young , Yu Hyunung , Park Jiho , Jang Du‐Jeon 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe excited‐state proton transfer and geminate recombination of 6‐hydroxyquinoline (6HQ) encaged in catalytic Na+‐exchanged faujasite zeolites X (NaX) and Y (NaY) have been explored by measuring steady‐state and picosecond time‐resolved spectra. The pathways and rate constants of proton transfer of excited 6HQ are determined by the microscopic environment of zeolitic hosts surrounding the guest molecules. The excited‐state proton transfer of a 6HQ molecule encapsulated in a zeolitic nanocavity is initiated by deprotonation of the enolic group to form an anionic intermediate and completed by subsequent protonation of the imino group to form a zwitterionic tautomer. Geminate recombination occurs to compete with proton transfer at each tautomerization step of excited‐state 6HQ because of the confined environment of dehydrated zeolitic supercages. Consequently, excited‐state equilibria among three prototropic species of 6HQ are established in microporous catalytic faujasite zeolites. Kinetic differences in NaX and NaY are attributed to dissimilarities in acidity/basicity.
Fluorescent Probes for Pd2+ Detection by Allylidene–Hydrazone Ligands with Excellent Selectivity and Large Fluorescence Enhancement
Authors: Li Honglin , Fan Jiangli , Song Fengling , Zhu Hao , Du Jianjun , Sun Shiguo , Peng Xiaojun 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBecause palladium is widely used in various catalysts and converters, which results in a high level of contamination of water systems and the soil by residual palladium, there is an urgent need for Pd2+‐sensitive and ‐selective probes. Based on the special affinity of Pd2+ to conjugated double‐bond ligands, two fluorescence probes (RPd2 and RPd3) that contain conjugated allylidene‐hydrazone ligands that link to colorless rhodamine‐spirolactam have been developed. The results show that conjugated allylidene‐hydrazones have a much better affinity toward Pd2+, and consequently provide the probes with more acute color change and fluorescence enhancement (≈170‐fold), and better selectivity over other metal ions (especially platinum‐group elements, or PGEs) than the unconjugated allyl‐hydrazine. With richer electron density and a more suitable stereo effect in the allylidene‐hydrazone group, RPd2 displays the best specificity toward Pd2+ and affords convenient detection by the naked eye. Its potential application for Pd2+‐contaminated water and soil‐sample analysis is revealed by proof‐of‐concept experiments.
Control of the Optical Properties of a Star Copolymer with a Hyperbranched Conjugated Polymer Core and Poly(ethylene glycol) Arms by Self‐Assembly
Authors: Qiu Feng , Tu Chunlai , Chen Yan , Shi Yunfeng , Song Liang , Wang Ruibing , Zhu Xinyuan , Zhu Bangshang , Yan Deyue , Han Tao 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA self‐assembly approach to tuning the optical properties of a star copolymer is reported herein. The star copolymer HCP‐star‐PEG with a hyperbranched conjugated polymer (HCP) core and many linear poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) arms has been prepared successfully. The HCP core was synthesized by Wittig coupling of N‐(n‐hexyl)‐3,6‐diformylcarbazole and 1,3,5‐bis[(triphenylphosphonio)methyl]benzene tribromide. Subsequently, the linear PEG arms were grafted onto the HCP core by acylhydrazone connection. It was found that the optical properties of HCP‐star‐PEG in chloroform solution changed on addition of acid. Both 1H NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopic investigations confirmed that the variation of the optical properties was related to the complexation of the acid and the imine bond in the acylhydrazone group. HCP‐star‐PEG self‐assembled into core–shell micelles in the mixed solvent of chloroform and acetonitrile, which affected the protonation of the imine bond. Therefore the optical properties of HCP‐star‐PEG can be readily controlled by self‐assembly.
Total Synthesis of Berkelic Acid
Authors: Snaddon Thomas N. , Buchgraber Philipp , Schulthoff Saskia , Wirtz Conny , Mynott Richard , Fürstner Alois 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA productive total synthesis of both enantiomers of berkelic acid (1) is outlined that takes the structure revision of this bioactive fungal metabolite previously proposed by our group into account. The successful route relies on a fully optimized triple‐deprotection/1,4‐addition/spiroacetalization cascade reaction sequence, which delivers the tetracyclic core 32 of the target as a single isomer in excellent yield. The required cyclization precursor 31 is assembled from the polysubstituted benzaldehyde derivative 20 and methyl ketone 25 by an aldol condensation, in which the acetyl residue in 20 transforms from a passive protecting group into an active participant. Access to fragment 25 takes advantage of the Collum–Godenschwager variant of the ester enolate Claisen rearrangement, which clearly surpasses the classical Ireland–Claisen procedure in terms of diastereoselectivity. Although it is possible to elaborate 32 into the target without any additional manipulations of protecting groups, a short detour consisting in the conversion of the phenolic OH into the corresponding TBS‐ether is beneficial. It tempers the sensitivity of the compound toward oxidation and hence improves the efficiency and reliability of the final stages. Orthogonal ester groups for the benzoate and the aliphatic carboxylate terminus of the side chain secure an efficient liberation of free berkelic acid in the final step of the route.