bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study investigating obstetricians’ and gynaecologists’ management of women requesting an intrauterine device
Authors: BLACK Kirsten I. , SAKHAEI Tahereh , GARLAND Suzanne M. 
Published: March 2010

Background:  Intrauterine methods including the copper intrauterine device (Cu‐IUD) and the levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG‐IUS) provide highly effective long‐term reversible contraception. The reasons for relative low use of these methods in Australia compared to many European countries are not clear, but may in part relate to provider reluctance because of outdated knowledge about their safety and efficacy.Aims:  The aim of this study was to survey Australian Fellows of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists about their knowledge of the risks, benefits and mechanisms of action of intrauterine methods.Methods:  In 2008, we undertook a cross‐sectional survey of all Australian Fellows not registered as a subspecialist. The survey was mailed to 1050 practitioners and 701 were returned, comprising a response rate of 67%.Results:  Knowledge about the LNG‐IUS was significantly better than for the Cu‐IUD in terms of correct understanding about mechanism of action (89.3% vs. 30%; P < 0.001) and efficacy (63.2% vs. 33.5%; P < 0.001). According to the WHO, both methods are considered suitable for use in nulliparous women, yet only 39.1% of providers believed the Cu‐IUD suitable compared to 69.4% for the LNG‐IUS (P < 0.001). When responses were analysed according to time from graduation, many aspects of knowledge about these devices showed a linear trend, with greater accuracy in recent graduates (<10 years) compared with graduates of more than 30 years.Conclusion:  Both methods are highly effective, non‐user dependent and reversible and deserve greater understanding and consideration for use by Australian practitioners and women.
Accuracy assessment of computer‐assisted flapless implant placement in partial edentulism
Authors: Van Assche N. , Van Steenberghe D. , Quirynen M. , Jacobs R. 
Published: March 2010

Van Assche N, van Steenberghe D, Quirynen M, Jacobs R. Accuracy assessment of computer‐assisted flapless implant placement in partial edentulism. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37: 398–403. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐051X.2010.01535.x AbstractAim: To assess the accuracy of implants placed flapless by a stereolithographic template in partially edentulous patients.Material and Methods: Eight patients, requiring two to four implants (maxilla or mandible), were consecutively recruited. Radiographical data were obtained by means of a cone beam or a multi‐slice CT scan and imported in a software program. Implants (n=21) were planned in a virtual environment, leading to the manufacture of one stereolithographic template per patient to guide the implant placement in a one‐stage flapless procedure. A postoperative cone beam CT was performed to calculate the difference between virtual implant (n=21) positions in the preoperative planning and postoperative situation.Results: A mean angular deviation of 2.7° (range 0.4–8, SD 1.9), with a mean deviation at the apex of 1.0 mm (range 0.2–3.0, SD 0.7), was observed. If one patient, a dropout because of non‐conformity with the protocol, was excluded, the angular deviation was reduced to 2.2° (range 0.6–3.9, SD 1.1), and the apical deviation to 0.9 mm (range 0.2–1.8).Conclusion: Based on this limited patient population, a flapless implant installation appears to be a useful procedure even when based on accurate and reliable 3D CT‐based image data and a dedicated implant planning software.
Short‐term benefits of the adjunctive use of metronidazole plus amoxicillin in the microbial profile and in the clinical parameters of subjects with generalized aggressive periodontitis
Authors: Mestnik Maria Josefa , Feres Magda , Figueiredo Luciene Cristina , Duarte Poliana Mendes , Lira Eisla Alline Gomes , Faveri Marcelo 
Published: March 2010

Mestnik MJ, Feres M, Figueiredo LC, Duarte PM, Lira EAG, Faveri M. Short‐term benefits of the adjunctive use of metronidazole plus amoxicillin in the microbial profile and in clinical parameters of subjects with generalized aggressive periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37: 353–365. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐051X.2010.01538.xAbstractAim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and microbiological effects of scaling and root planing (SRP) alone or combined with metronidazole (MTZ) and amoxicillin (AMX) in the treatment of subjects with generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP).Materials and Methods: A double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomized clinical trial was conducted in 30 subjects receiving SRP alone or combined with MTZ (400 mg 3 × per day) and AMX (500 mg 3 × per day) for 14 days. Clinical and microbiological examinations were performed at baseline and 3 months post‐SRP. Nine subgingival plaque samples per subject were analysed using checkerboard DNA–DNA hybridization.Results: Subjects receiving MTZ and AMX showed the greatest improvements in the mean full‐mouth probing depth and clinical attachment level and at initially intermediate and deep sites. The most beneficial changes in the microbial profile were also observed in the MTZ+AMX group, which showed the lowest proportions of the red complex as well as a significant decrease in the proportions of the orange complex after treatment. The antibiotic therapy also reduced the levels of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans at initially deep sites.Conclusion: Subjects with GAgP significantly benefit from the adjunctive use of MTZ and AMX. The short‐term advantages are observed in the clinical and microbiological parameters.
Local‐scale habitat influences morphological diversity of species assemblages of cichlid fishes in a tropical floodplain river
Authors: Montaña C. G. , Winemiller K. O. 
Published: March 2010

Montaña CG, Winemiller KO. Local‐scale habitat influences morphological diversity of species assemblages of cichlid fishes in a tropical floodplain river. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2010: 19: 216–227. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/SAbstract –  We examined the taxonomic and morphological diversity of cichlid fish assemblages in a floodplain river in Venezuela during the dry season at two spatial scales: macrohabitats (lagoons, main channels and creeks) and mesohabitats (leaf litter, sand banks, rocky shoals and woody debris). Nonmetric multidimensional scaling did not reveal differences for species assemblages among macro and mesohabitats. The first two axes from canonical correspondence analysis based on 19 species and six physical variables modelled >61% of the taxonomic variation in assemblages from rock shoals and woody debris, and 55% of variation in assemblages from sand banks and leaf litter. Principal components analysis based on 22 morphological variables yielded two dominant axes that explained >86% of variation in the cichlid assemblages. Morphological diversity was analysed to test the idea that assemblage structure is nonrandom, with structurally complex habitats supporting more species with more functional morphological diversity than simple habitats. Average and standard deviation (SD) of the morphological Euclidean distances of local assemblages among mesohabitats tended to decrease or be constant as the number of species increased. Regressions of the average nearest neighbour distance (NND) and SD of NND with species richness resulted in low and negative slopes of species assemblages among mesohabitats. These relationships suggest that when more species are added to a habitat patch, assemblage morphospace remains approximately constant, species average similarity increases and species dispersion in morphological space becomes more uniform. Results support that cichlids partition habitat at the local scale but not at the macrohabitat scale.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Women with Multiple Implantation Failures and Recurrent Pregnancy Losses have Increased Peripheral Blood T Cell Activation
Authors: Yang Kwang Moon , Ntrivalas Evangelos , Cho Hye Jin , Kim Na Young , Beaman Kenneth , Gilman‐Sachs Alice , Kwak‐Kim Joanne 
Published: March 2010

Citation Yang KM, Ntrivalas E, Cho HJ, Kim NY, Beaman K, Gilman‐Sachs A, Kwak‐Kim J. Women with multiple implantation failures and recurrent pregnancy losses have increased peripheral blood T cell activation. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010Problem  We aim to determine whether peripheral blood T cell activation is associated with repeated implantation failures or recurrent pregnancy losses (RPLs).Method of study  Women with a history of repeated implantation failure (n = 18) or RPLs (n = 17) comprise the study group. Normal fertile women (n = 11) are included as controls. Proportion of activated peripheral blood T cells (CD69+, CD154+) and Th1/Th2 cell ratios are measured by flow cytometric analysis.Results  Proportions (%) of CD4+/154+ of CD4+ and CD8+/154+ of CD8+ cells were significantly higher in study group than those of controls. Proportions (%) of CD3+/69+ of CD3+ cells and CD8+/69+ of CD8+ cells were significantly increased in study group compared to controls. Proportion (%) of CD4+/69+ cells significantly correlated with % CD4+/154+ cells (P = 0.003). Activated cytotoxic T cells (CD8+/154+, CD8+/69+) inversely correlated with INF‐γ/IL‐10 producing CD3+/4+ T cell ratios. Proportion of activated CD3+/8+/69 and CD3+/8+/154+ cells was inversely correlated with IFN‐γ/IL‐10 expressing CD3+/4+ T cell ratios.Conclusion  Women with MIFs or RPLs have increased T cell activation in peripheral blood lymphocytes, and T cell suppressor activation seems to be associated with decreased Th1 immunity. Further studies on T cell activation may elucidate molecular mechanisms controlling Th1 effectors.
Recent advances in the molecular and functional characterization of acid/base and electrolyte transporters in the basolateral membranes of gastric and duodenal epithelial cells
Authors: Seidler U. , Song P. , Xiao F. , Riederer B. , Bachmann O. , Chen M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAll segments of the gastrointestinal tract are comprised of an elaborately folded epithelium that expresses a variety of cell types and performs multiple secretory and absorptive functions. While the apical membrane expresses the electrolyte transporters that secrete or absorb electrolytes and water, basolateral transporters regulate the secretory or absorptive rates. During gastric acid formation, Cl−/HCO3−and Na+/H+exchange and other transporters secure Cl−re‐supply as well as pH and volume regulation. Gastric surface cells utilize ion transporters to secrete HCO3−, maintain pHiduring a luminal acid load and repair damaged surface areas during the process of epithelial restitution. Na+/H+exchange and Na+/HCO3−cotransport serve basolateral acid/base import for gastroduodenal HCO3−secretion. The gastric and duodenal epithelium also absorbs salt and water. Recent molecular information on novel ion transporters expressed in the gastric and duodenal epithelium has exploded; however, a function has not been found yet for all transporters. The purpose of this review is to summarize current knowledge on the molecular identity and cellular function of basolateral ion transporters in the gastric and duodenal epithelium.
Problem Department
Authors: Willerding Margaret F. 
Published: March 2010

This department aims to provide problems of varying degrees of difficulty which will interest anyone engaged in the study of mathematics.All readers are invited to propose problems and to solve problems here proposed. Drawings to illustrate the problems should be well done in India ink. Problems and solutions will be credited to their authors. Each solution or proposed problem sent the Editor should have the author's name introducing the problem or solution as on the following pages.The Editor of the Department desires to serve her readers by making it interesting and helpful to them. Address suggestions and problems to Margaret F. Willerding, San Diego State College, San Diego, Calif. 92115.
Problem Department
Authors: Willerding Margaret F. 
Published: March 2010

This department aims to provide problems of varying degrees of difficulty which will interest anyone engaged in the study of mathematics.All readers are invited to propose problems and to solve problems here proposed. Drawings to illustrate the problems should be well done in India ink. Problems and solutions will be credited to their authors. Each solution or proposed problem sent the Editor should have the author's name introducing the problem or solution as on the following pages.The Editor of the Department desires to serve her readers by making it interesting and helpful to them. Address suggestions and problems to Margaret F. Willerding, San Diego State College, San Diego, Calif, 92115.
Imaging of the shoulder
Authors: Redding W. R. , Pease A. P. 
Published: March 2010

SummaryDiagnosis of lameness associated with the shoulder region requires a careful clinical examination, the use of specifically placed intra‐articular analgesia and a combination of some common imaging techniques to accurately define the source of pain. Most equine practices performing lameness examinations in the horse have the radiographic and ultrasonographic equipment necessary to accurately image the shoulder. This article presents a description of the unique anatomy of the shoulder and the specific application of radiographic and ultrasonographic techniques to provide a complete set of diagnostic images of the shoulder region. A brief discussion of nuclear scintigraphy of this region is also included.
Suspected idiopathic intestinal lymphangiectasia in two foals with chylous peritoneal effusion
Authors: Cesar F. B. , Johnson C. R. , Pantaleon L. G. 
Published: March 2010

SummaryTwo foals were examined for signs of abdominal discomfort. Transabdominal ultrasonography revealed an increased amount of free peritoneal fluid and thickened small intestine walls. Abdominocentesis yielded an odourless, white‐to‐yellow, opaque, homogeneous peritoneal fluid with elevated triglyceride levels. Based on the findings, diagnosis of chylous ascites was made. Idiopathic intestinal lymphangiectasia was suspected to be the cause for the condition. Both foals responded well and the condition resolved.
Operating Experiences on Commercial Fuel Cell Units for Back Up Power Generation
Authors: Scagliotti Mauro , Valli Carmen 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Extensive residential demonstration programs and the needs for innovative and reliable back up power systems are driving the development and diffusion of small (&lt;10 kWe) stationary fuel cell power systems. Low temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) power systems are particularly suitable for back up and UPS applications due to short start up times, whereas for small cogenerative residential applications both PEFC and solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are emerging as promising technologies. The technical and economical viabilities of fuel cell based systems have been already demonstrated for a few niche applications such as back up system with high autonomy. Nevertheless fuel cell technologies are not yet mature. Durability and reliability are of great concern and have to be specifically addressed. Real world experiences and extensive laboratory testing are paramount for the development of reliable products, as well as to harmonize and refine codes and standards required for the market entry. This paper presents and discusses the results of a 3 year experience on commercial PEFC 1 kWe units. Basic characterization, cycling, and steady state endurance testing data are analyzed herein with a focus on power system performance, reliability, and degradation issues. End user and system integrator testing approaches were applied. Power system response to load demand and electrical efficiency were measured following as much as possible the prescriptions of codes and standards. The influences of operating and environmental conditions on system efficiency were investigated as well. Positive results were achieved and, in particular, system availability resulted extremely high. Steady state long term endurance tests evidenced, however, critical durability and safety issues to be improved.
Characterization of Extracellular Polymeric Substances from Acidophilic Microbial Biofilms
Authors: Jiao Yongqin , Cody George D. , Harding Anna K. , Wilmes Paul , Schrenk Matthew , Wheeler Korin E. , Banfield Jillian F. , Thelen Michael P. 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACT
We examined the chemical composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) extracted from two natural microbial pellicle biofilms growing on acid mine drainage (AMD) solutions. The EPS obtained from a mid-developmental-stage biofilm (DS1) and a mature biofilm (DS2) were qualitatively and quantitatively compared. More than twice as much EPS was derived from DS2 as from DS1 (approximately 340 and 150 mg of EPS per g [dry weight] for DS2 and DS1, respectively). Composition analyses indicated the presence of carbohydrates, metals, proteins, and minor quantities of DNA and lipids, although the relative concentrations of these components were different for the two EPS samples. EPS from DS2 contained higher concentrations of metals and carbohydrates than EPS from DS1. Fe was the most abundant metal in both samples, accounting for about 73% of the total metal content, followed by Al, Mg, and Zn. The relative concentration profile for these metals resembled that for the AMD solution in which the biofilms grew, except for Si, Mn, and Co. Glycosyl composition analysis indicated that both EPS samples were composed primarily of galactose, glucose, heptose, rhamnose, and mannose, while the relative amounts of individual sugars were substantially different in DS1 and DS2. Additionally, carbohydrate linkage analysis revealed multiply linked heptose, galactose, glucose, mannose, and rhamnose, with some of the glucose in a 4-linked form. These results indicate that the biochemical composition of the EPS from these acidic biofilms is dependent on maturity and is controlled by the microbial communities, as well as the local geochemical environment.
Effects of Air Temperature and Relative Humidity on Coronavirus Survival on Surfaces
Authors: Casanova Lisa M. , Jeon Soyoung , Rutala William A. , Weber David J. , Sobsey Mark D. 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACT
Assessment of the risks posed by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (SARS-CoV) on surfaces requires data on survival of this virus on environmental surfaces and on how survival is affected by environmental variables, such as air temperature (AT) and relative humidity (RH). The use of surrogate viruses has the potential to overcome the challenges of working with SARS-CoV and to increase the available data on coronavirus survival on surfaces. Two potential surrogates were evaluated in this study; transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) were used to determine effects of AT and RH on the survival of coronaviruses on stainless steel. At 4°C, infectious virus persisted for as long as 28 days, and the lowest level of inactivation occurred at 20% RH. Inactivation was more rapid at 20°C than at 4°C at all humidity levels; the viruses persisted for 5 to 28 days, and the slowest inactivation occurred at low RH. Both viruses were inactivated more rapidly at 40°C than at 20°C. The relationship between inactivation and RH was not monotonic, and there was greater survival or a greater protective effect at low RH (20%) and high RH (80%) than at moderate RH (50%). There was also evidence of an interaction between AT and RH. The results show that when high numbers of viruses are deposited, TGEV and MHV may survive for days on surfaces at ATs and RHs typical of indoor environments. TGEV and MHV could serve as conservative surrogates for modeling exposure, the risk of transmission, and control measures for pathogenic enveloped viruses, such as SARS-CoV and influenza virus, on health care surfaces.
Identification, Characterization, and Regulation of a Novel Antifungal Chitosanase Gene (
cho
) in
Anabaena
spp
Authors: Gupta Vishal , Prasanna Radha , Natarajan Chitra , Srivastava Ashish Kumar , Sharma Jitender 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACT

Two contrasting cyanobacterial species (
Anabaena fertilissima
and
Anabaena sphaerica
) were selected based on differences in antifungal behavior in order to study the mechanism for production of an antifungal enzyme and the genes responsible for this production. In
A. fertilissima
, chitosanase and antifungal activities were increased significantly under of growth-limiting conditions (8 of light and 16 h of darkness). The lack of such activities in
A. sphaerica
was associated with high levels of protein that accumulated during the stationary phase (at 28 days) under the same light conditions. The gene putatively responsible for chitosanase and antifungal activities was amplified using specific primers, and sequence analysis of the amplified products (1.086 and 1.101 kb in
A. sphaerica
and
A. fertilissima
, respectively) showed that they belong to the glycoside hydrolase 3 (GH3)-like family of
Anabaena variabilis
ATCC 29413. Pairwise alignment of the corresponding protein sequences identified a putative signal peptide (amino acids 1 to 23) and some amino acid changes in the sequence of
A. fertilissima
which may be responsible for functioning of the chitosanase and the observed antifungal activity. Hydrolysis of the chitosan oligosaccharide (GlcN)
5
to (GlcN)
2
and (GlcN)
3
confirmed the presence of chitosanase activity in
A. fertilissima
. Site-directed mutagenesis of the
A. fertilissima
chitosanase-encoding gene (
cho
) led to identification of catalytic residues (Glu-121 and Glu-141) important for the antifungal effect of the
cho
product. The level of expression of
cho
was monitored by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR, which indicated that transcription of this gene is significantly enhanced under conditions that retard growth, such as a long dark period.
Evaluating the Performance of Oligonucleotide Microarrays for Bacterial Strains with Increasing Genetic Divergence from the Reference Strain
Authors: Oh Seungdae , Yoder-Himes Deborah R. , Tiedje James , Park Joonhong , Konstantinidis Konstantinos T. 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACT

DNA oligonucleotide microarrays (oligoarrays) are being developed continuously; however, several issues regarding the applicability of these arrays for whole-genome DNA-DNA strain comparisons (genomotyping) have not been investigated. For example, the extent of false negatives (i.e., no hybridization signal is observed when the amino acid sequence is conserved but the nucleotide sequence has diverged to a level that does not allow hybridization) remains speculative. To provide quantitative answers to such questions, we performed competitive DNA-DNA oligoarray (60-mer) hybridizations with several fully sequenced (tester) strains and a reference strain (whose genome was used to design the oligoarray probes) of the genus
Burkholderia
and compared the experimental results obtained to the results predicted based on bioinformatic modeling of the probe-target pair using the available sequences. Our comparisons revealed that the fraction of the total probes that provided experimental results consistent with the predicted results decreased substantially with increasing divergence of the tester strain from the reference strain. The fractions were 90.8%, 84.3%, and 77.4% for tester strains showing 96% 89%, and 80% genome-aggregate average nucleotide identity (ANI) to the reference strain, respectively. New approaches to determine gene presence or absence based on the hybridization signal, which outperformed previous approaches (e.g., 92.9% accuracy versus 86.0% accuracy) and to normalize across different array experiments are also described. Collectively, our results suggest that the performance of oligoarrays is acceptable for tester strains showing >90% ANI to the reference strain and provide useful guidelines for using oligoarray applications in environmental gene detection and gene expression studies with strains other than the reference strain.