bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of computer‐assisted jaw reconstruction with free vascularized fibular flap compared to conventional surgery: a clinical pilot study
Authors: Modabber Ali , Legros Christina , Rana Majeed , Gerressen Marcus , Riediger Dieter , Ghassemi Alireza 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe introduction of computer‐assisted surgery was a milestone in functional reconstructions of facial skeletal defects.Patients and methodsWe compared five computer‐assisted and five conventional reconstructions with fibular grafts in the course of a pilot study. A rapid prototyping guide translated the computer‐assisted surgery plan into intraoperative utilizable models. We intraoperatively measured the time needed for shaping the graft to the recipient site and the ischaemic time. Furthermore, the size of donor site defect compared to the required transplant length was evaluated.ResultsShaping procedure and ischaemic time turned out significantly shorter when compared to conventional surgery without cutting guide (p = 0.014). Using surgical guides, there was no change between the defect size of the fibula and the necessary transplant size. In conventional surgery, a mean change of 1.92 cm occurred (p = 0.001).ConclusionThe surgical guide significantly reduced shaping time and consequently ischaemic time. These factors can influence flap survival. The fibular donor site defect was downsized. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Behavior of major and rare-earth elements during the postmagmatic alteration of kimberlites
Authors: Vasilenko V.B. , Kuznetsova L.G. , Minin V.A. , Tolstov A.V. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
During serpentinization and subsequent alteration in the absence of brucite, kimberlites accumulate uncompensated silica. Its amount can be calculated from the average compositions of the rock-forming minerals (olivine, calcite, phlogopite) and the chemical compositions of the rocks. The contents of rock-forming oxides and REE were determined in 12 kimberlite pipes of the Yakutian kimberlite province, in 413 samples from secondary-alteration zones and of unaltered kimberlites. Columns of successive kimberlite alterations were constructed for each pipe on the basis of secondary-quartz data; here, the behavior of rock-forming oxides and REE was assessed. All the studied rocks had experienced different degrees of postmagmatic hydrothermal metasomatism at different depths in all the pipes. The changes were reflected in the supply/loss of rock-forming oxides and REE. The supply of REE during the hydrothermal metasomatism enriched the kimberlites with TiO2, P2O5, and CaO. During the removal of REE, most of the rock-forming oxides were partially lost. The maximum REE supply was 67% in the Udachnaya-Vostochnaya pipe and 59% in the Nyurbinskaya pipe as compared with the unaltered kimberlites. The maximum REE loss was 87% in the Aikhal pipe and 81% in the Internatsional’naya pipe as compared with the unaltered kimberlites. The initial REE contents of the postmagmatically altered kimberlites changed considerably in all the studied cases. This conclusion was drawn owing to the use of normative-quartz content as a criterion for secondary alteration.
The Karchiga copper massive sulfide deposit in the high-grade metamorphosed rocks of the Kurchum block: geologic structure, formation, and metamorphism (Rudny Altai)
Authors: Lobanov K.V. , Gaskov I.V. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The Karchiga copper massive sulfide deposit is located in the Kurchum block of high-grade metamorphosed rocks. This block is part of the Irtysh shear zone, which belongs to the largest transregional fault in Central Asia. The deposit is associated with the gneiss–amphibolite middle unit of the metamorphic complex, which is distinct in the geochemical fields. The mineralization is spatially and paragenetically related to the amphibolite beds, which are ore-bearing together with terrigenous rocks.
The deposit contains two spatially isolated lodes, in which all the discovered commercial reserves concentrate. They conformably overlie the host rocks and are tabular or ribbonlike. The mineralization has a close spatial relationship with Mg-rich anthophyllite-containing rocks. The sulfide ores are disseminated or massive and comprise pyrite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, sphalerite, and magnetite. The ore is of Zn–Cu composition, in which Cu dominates considerably over Zn (average contents 2 and 0.4%, respectively; Cu/(Cu + Zn) = 0.83). The ores are rich in Co (up to 0.16%, averaging 0.02%), poor in Au and Ag (0.3 and 7.2 ppm, respectively), and almost free of Pb and Ba.
All the rocks and ores experienced epidote–amphibolitic metamorphism. Meanwhile, the ores experienced a recrystallization and partial regeneration, but the initial shape of the lodes remained unchanged.
The essentially chalcopyritic ores, the volcaniclastic ore-bearing rocks, and the spatial and genetic relationship of the mineralization with undifferentiated mafic and siliciclastic rocks suggest that this deposit belongs to the Besshi type, formed in a back-arc environment, near large rises.
The studies show that Besshi-type Cu–Zn massive sulfide deposits differ from most of the polymetallic (Kuroko-type) deposits in Rudny Altai in the composition of volcanics and geodynamic settings, but belong to the same evolutionary series in this VMS province. Both types of deposits might have formed in the Paleozoic, during the main peak of VMS generation in the Earth’s history.
Geoelectrical studies of the Chuya basin sedimentary fill (Gorny Altai)
Authors: Deev E.V. , Nevedrova N.N. , Zol’nikov I.D. , Rusanov G.G. , Ponomarev P.V. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The VES method was used to determine the geoelectric parameters of Cenozoic rocks in the Chuya intermontane basin. It was shown that the polyfacies and polychromous sediments filling the basin are well differentiated by their electrical parameters. A combination of methods used in data acquisition and processing, due to their high resolution capacity at shallow depths, provided information on the structure and physical properties of the Chuya rocks from surface to depths of 250–300 m. Despite a reasonable consistence among these methods to the above depths, the VES method is a more effective tool for detecting shallower layers. Interpretation of the VES data proved the existence of a large outburst channel as new geological evidence for an ice-dammed origin of the Middle Neopleistocene lake. A more detailed layering of the topmost part of the geoelectrical section across the Irbistu–Kokozek interfluve using the VES data revealed a number of fine-grained lenticular structures of the ancient lakes in the Chuya depression, which are hidden beneath a cover of fluvioglacial and lacustrine bouldery pebbles and moraine diamictons.
Influence of the off-axis position of the transmitter and receiver circuits on the results of differentially normalized electromagnetic sounding
Authors: Ageenkov E.V. , Davydenko Yu.A. , Fomitskii V.A. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
In the differentially normalized method of electromagnetic sounding (DNME), the transmitter and receiver are grounded electrical circuits. The conduction and polarization properties of a section are studied by measuring the electrical potential difference (ΔU(t)) and the second potential difference (Δ2U(t)); the latter characterizes the spatial inhomogeneity of the electromagnetic field. Measurements of Δ2U(t) are strongly influenced by three-dimensional inhomogeneities within the receiver spread. To reduce this effect, measurements are made in two positions (left and right) of the transmitter circuit relative to receiver with subsequent averaging of the measured data. Often in field studies, the transmitter and receiver circuits are at an angle to each other, and the use of two transmitters in measurements leads to the need to determine a generalized transmitter for one-dimensional forward numerical modeling of field data.
The effect of the off-axis (diagonal) position of the transmitter and receiver circuits on the data of electromagnetic pulse sounding and their inversion for a one-dimensional polarizable conducting medium have been studied in real and numerical experiments. In modeling, the effect of induced polarization (IP) is taken into account by introducing the resistivity frequency dispersion (Cole-Cole equation). Validity of the calculation of the generalized transmitter is estimated for the solution of the one-dimensional forward problem with the inversion of field diagonal measurements. The effect of three-dimensional objects on the results of measurements using the above observation system is estimated by solving the 3D forward problem for a polarizable conducting medium.
Plastic plasma as a compressor of aluminum plasma at the PALS experiment
Authors: Kasperczuk A. , Pisarczyk T. , Chodukowski T. , Kalinowska Z. , Gus'kov S.Yu. , Demchenko N.N. , Klir D. , Kravarik J. , Kubes P. , Rezac K. , Ullschmied J. , Krousky E. , Pfeifer M. , Rohlena K. , Skala J. , Pisarczyk P. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn our earlier papers, we demonstrated that plasma pressure decreases with the growing atomic number of the target material. That experimentally confirmed fact brought about a question whether it would be possible to collimate the Al plasma outflow by using plastic plasma as a compressor. To prove that idea we used in our next experiments a plastic target with an Al cylindrical insert of 400 µm in diameter. The measurements were carried out at the Prague Asterix Laser System iodine laser facility. The laser provided a 250 ps (full width at half maximum (FWHM)) pulse with energy of 130 J at the third harmonic frequency (λ3 = 0.438 µm). The focal spot diameters (ΦL) 800, 1000, and 1200 µm ensured predominance of the plastic plasma amount high enough for the effective Al plasma compression. To study the Al plasma stream propagation and its interaction with plastic plasma a three-frame interferometric system and an X-ray camera were used. The experiment provided a proof that creation of the collimated Al plasma jet by action of outer plastic plasma is feasible. In order to discuss of the experimental results a thorough theoretical analysis was carried out.
Late Classic Architectural Sculpture Themes in Copan
Authors: Fash Barbara W. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe architectural sculpture legacy of Late Classic Copan provides a source for understanding the sociopolitical and ideological adaptations of the rulers of this ancient city. Fieldwork conducted since 1985 has been directed toward documentation and conservation of the tens of thousands of mosaic sculpture facade pieces covered for centuries by collapsed debris or lichens. Hypothetical reconstructions of motif configurations and their rearticulation within building facades compose larger iconographic themes. The iconological study of these compositions opens a window for analyzing the nature of the religious and political symbolism produced by the last four rulers of Copan. Using these data, a shift from the cosmological and fertility themes employed by the thirteenth and fourteenth rulers to the emphasis on warfare by the fifteenth and sixteenth rulers can be documented.
Chronological Research at Copan:Methods and implications
Authors: Freter AnnCorinne 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAs a consequence of long-term archaeological research at Copan, 1,425 archaeological sites containing 4,507 structures have been located and mapped over an area of 135 km2. As part of the PAC II research, 200 archaeological sites representing a 15% stratified random sample of all valley sites were test excavated from 1983–1989. From these excavations, 2,150 obsidian hydration dates were processed, representing the largest number of chronometric dates from controlled contexts currently available from any southern Lowland Maya site. Based on this chronological research, there appears to be an excellent fit with various other available chronological techniques for all time phases except the ending date of the important Coner ceramic phase, which now appears to have extended to A.D. 1250. This more detailed Copan chronology suggests that the political collapse of the Main Group and immediate vicinity was quite sudden, taking place c. A.D. 800–830. Beyond that, however, the chronometric data provide evidence that some of the secondary elite, or lineage heads, and large numbers of rural commoners continued to reside within the valley in reduced courtyard groups or small rural hamlets for about 400 years following the decentralization of the Copan polity.
Hieroglyphs and Archaeology at Copan
Authors: Stuart David 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe study of Copan's extensive hieroglyphic texts has grown hand in hand with long-term architectural excavations. Recent progress in Maya decipherment, much of it derived from work at Copan, now allows for new and potentially rewarding opportunities to integrate epigraphy and “dirt” archaeology. Toward this end, this paper provides an overview of the current knowledge of Copan's elite history, summarizing current knowledge of the ruler sequence and attributions of monuments and architecture to individual reigns. Thematic and stylistic changes are evident in the inscriptions between the Early and Late Classic periods, including a proliferation of subordinate elite texts in the decades leading up to political collapse. Also, new information is provided on the changing relations between Copan and Quirigua throughout the Classic period.
XTOBO, YUCATAN, MEXICO, AND THE EMERGENT PRECLASSIC OF THE NORTHERN MAYA LOWLANDS
Authors: Anderson David S. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractTraditionally, research on the Preclassic Maya has focused on settlements found in the Southern Maya Lowlands. Apart from work at a few well-known archaeological sites in the Northern Lowlands, such as Komchen, Dzibilchaltun, and Yaxuna, the Preclassic Northern Maya had received relatively little attention from scholars. In recent years, however, many previously unreported archaeological sites with Preclassic materials have come to light. In northwest Yucatan, Mexico, a survey carried out by Proyecto Costa Maya encountered 140 sites with Preclassic components, including the site of Xtobo. Xtobo stood out from its neighboring Preclassic sites due to its extent and the size and complexity of its architecture. In addition, initial surveys of the site suggested that it was never reoccupied after the Preclassic period, thereby making it a valuable site for studying the Preclassic period in the Northern Maya Lowlands. After three seasons of fieldwork, the Proyecto Arqueologico de Xtobo was able to build substantially on the initial findings of the Proyecto Costa Maya, mapping 67 ha of settlement, including 387 structures, and carrying out a stratified sample of test pit excavations throughout the site. The project documented a dense and well-organized settlement, which included complex architectural features, such as pyramids, triadic groups, elite residences, and a ballcourt. The settlement at Xtobo shows many signs of a complex sociopolitical organization and interaction with other areas of the Maya region and Mesoamerica. The results of the Proyecto Arqueologico de Xtobo indicate that the Northern Maya Lowlands were an important and integral part of Preclassic Mesoamerica and should be considered in larger cultural reconstructions of the time period.
THREAD PRODUCTION IN EARLY POSTCLASSIC COASTAL OAXACA, MEXICO: TECHNOLOGY, INTENSITY, AND GENDER
Authors: King Stacie M. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractExcavations at the site of Río Viejo in coastal Oaxaca, Mexico, yielded evidence of intensive cotton thread production during the Early Postclassic (a.d.975–1220). Spindle whorls were recovered in relatively large quantities in and around houses at Río Viejo, indicating that thread production was interspersed with other household activities and residents likely produced enough thread for local use and for export. Measurements of coastal spindle whorls show that the Río Viejo thread was unique compared to other coastal and highland sites in Oaxaca and Mesoamerica beyond. I argue that this uniqueness may in part stem from the particular variety of cotton that they were spinning, but also might reflect an interregional demand for their thread. The whorl data are presented in multiple ways to compare to other sites where intensive thread production has been proposed. Here, I discuss the problems inherent in whorl calculations and make a call for more standardized recording, ideally with volumetric density measures. In the final section of the paper, I use mortuary data and other lines of evidence to re-evaluate the ethnohistorically-documented relationship between women and textile production. In coastal Oaxaca, the evidence suggests that thread production was not linked to specific gender identities in a way that is marked archaeologically. Instead, adult members of households in coastal Oaxaca materially emphasized a shared group identity over any specific gender-based identities. The production of thread was a broadly shared household-level practice that involved multiple producers, which both created and reinforced social bonds between residents and provided Early Postclassic residents with secure and comfortable access to highland goods, paving the way for the more developed thread production industry in the Late Postclassic period.
THE CENTRAL ROLE OF CAVE ARCHAEOLOGY IN THE RECONSTRUCTION OF CLASSIC MAYA CULTURE HISTORY AND HIGHLAND-LOWLAND INTERACTION
Authors: Woodfill Brent 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe unexpected discovery of an elaborate stone coffer with lowland-style carved images and early Maya inscriptions in a cave in the northern Guatemalan highlands has great implications for our understanding of highland-lowland interaction. However, this discovery proved to be only the “tip of the iceberg” in terms of the importance of subterranean evidence in this region. Investigations in caves in central Guatemala over the past decade have been a central part of the regional investigations, often directing subsequent reconnaissance, settlement surveys, and site excavations. Indeed, the early history of the region and the trade route passing through it has largely been reconstructed from evidence in cave shrines along the mountain valley routes from Kaminaljuyu and the Valley of Guatemala to lowland Maya sites. This article reviews this evidence, which also demonstrates how cave assemblages can be used not merely to study ancient ritual, but to examine broad problems in culture history and critical elements in the study of elite power, ceramic production, settlement patterns, interregional trade, and ancient economy.
SOCIAL MEMORY AND THE ORIGINS OF MONTE ALBAN
Authors: Winter Marcus 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe founding of Monte Alban marked the beginning of the urban revolution in Oaxaca and a reorganization of Zapotec culture and society, which soon had repercussions among Mixtecs and other Otomangue groups in highland Oaxaca. While local factors contributed to Monte Alban's origins, the architectural expression of the city's core, consisting of a main plaza with leaders’ dwellings on each side and a ceremonial precinct at one end, comes from the Mixe-Zoque area, probably La Venta or highland Chiapas. One of the earliest architectural monuments at Monte Alban is the Danzantes Wall with carved stones that portray founding participants, including many chiefs from valley communities, as interpreted, imagined and remembered by the city's leader or leaders, years after the event. The wall was short-lived, partly dismantled within a few generations of its completion, and the carved stones reused, erasing the narrative's original significance. In contrast, elements of the city's core layout persisted at least until the end of the Late Classic as a template, remembered and repeated, sometimes with modifications at Monte Alban and elsewhere, of how a city should be.
An overview of Ciao and its design philosophy
Authors: HERMENEGILDO M. V. , BUENO F. , CARRO M. , LÓPEZ-GARCÍA P. , MERA E. , MORALES J. F. , PUEBLA G. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe provide an overall description of the Ciao multiparadigm programming system emphasizing some of the novel aspects and motivations behind its design and implementation. An important aspect of Ciao is that, in addition to supporting logic programming (and, in particular, Prolog), it provides the programmer with a large number of useful features from different programming paradigms and styles and that the use of each of these features (including those of Prolog) can be turned on and off at will for each program module. Thus, a given module may be using, e.g., higher order functions and constraints, while another module may be using assignment, predicates, Prolog meta-programming, and concurrency. Furthermore, the language is designed to be extensible in a simple and modular way. Another important aspect of Ciao is its programming environment, which provides a powerful preprocessor (with an associated assertion language) capable of statically finding non-trivial bugs, verifying that programs comply with specifications, and performing many types of optimizations (including automatic parallelization). Such optimizations produce code that is highly competitive with other dynamic languages or, with the (experimental) optimizing compiler, even that of static languages, all while retaining the flexibility and interactive development of a dynamic language. This compilation architecture supports modularity and separate compilation throughout. The environment also includes a powerful autodocumenter and a unit testing framework, both closely integrated with the assertion system. The paper provides an informal overview of the language and program development environment. It aims at illustrating the design philosophy rather than at being exhaustive, which would be impossible in a single journal paper, pointing instead to previous Ciao literature.
Retrievals of precipitable water vapor using star photometry: Assessment with Raman lidar and link to sun photometry
Authors: Pérez‐Ramírez D. , Navas‐Guzmán F. , Lyamani H. , Fernández‐Gálvez J. , Olmo F. J. , Alados‐Arboledas L. 
Published: December 2011

This work deals with the applicability of a star photometer to retrieve precipitable water vapor (W) at nighttime by means of direct irradiance from stars using a 940 nm narrowband filter. Retrievals are assessed with simultaneous data from a Raman lidar system and linked with daytime values from a sun photometer using measurements taken from March to May 2007 at an urban site. Calibration of both the star and sun photometers was performed by the Modified Astronomical Langley Method. The retrieval of W from photometers is based on a look up table using a simplified expression for the water vapor transmittance and the relative optical water vapor air mass. This methodology presents a systematic uncertainty in W below 3% and 6% for sun and star photometry, respectively. Retrievals of W from star photometry were 9% above those obtained from the Raman lidar technique, but with a great agreement in the temporal evolution from both instruments. The link of daytime and nighttime values of W using sun and star photometers for a more extended database showed a smooth continuity between consecutive periods.