bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal mortality in Australia: Learning from maternal cardiac arrest
Authors: Catling‐Paull Christine , McDonnell Nolan , Moores Alison , Homer Caroline S. E. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractCardiac arrest in pregnancy is fortunately a rare event that few midwives will see during their career. The increase in maternal age, the Body Mass Index, cesarean sections, multiple pregnancies, and comorbidities over recent years have increased the probability of cardiac arrest. The early warning signs of impending maternal cardiac arrest are either absent or go unrecognized. Maternal mortality reviews highlight the deficiencies that maternity care providers have in managing cardiac arrest in pregnancy. The aim of this article is to address the knowledge deficiencies of health professionals by reviewing the physiological changes in pregnant women that complicate the management of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, using a case scenario. There are key differences in the management of pregnant women, when compared to standard adult resuscitation. The outcome is dependent on the speed of the response and the consideration of a number of crucial pregnancy‐specific interventions. Staff members need to be adequately trained in order to deal with maternal cardiac arrest and have access to training packages and in‐service education programs. As cardiac arrest in pregnancy is a rare event, emergency drill simulations are an important component of ongoing education.
External validation of the proposed T and N categories of squamous cell carcinoma of the penis
Authors: Al‐Najar Amr , Alkatout Ibrahim , Al‐Sanabani Sakhr , Korda Joanna Beate , Hegele Axel , Bolenz Christian , Jünemann Klaus‐Peter , Naumann Carsten Maik 
Published: February 2011

Objectives:  The aim of this study was to validate recently proposed modifications to the current TNM classification of penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) by using data from four German urological centers.Methods:  We identified 89 patients treated for histologically confirmed PSCC between 1996 and 2008 and reclassified them according to the proposed TNM staging revisions. The proposed changes restricted T2 to tumoral invasion of the corpus spongiosum, whereas invasion of the corpus cavernosum was considered as T3. No changes were made to T1 and T4. Furthermore, N1 was limited to unilateral and N2 to bilateral inguinal lymph node involvement regardless of their number. Pelvic lymph node involvement and fixed lymph node were considered as N3 tumors. The range of follow up after initial treatment was 1–142 months (mean 38).Results:  Node‐negative cases following the current classification were 65.2% (30/46), 48.5% (16/33) and 87.5% (7/8) for T1, T2 and T3, respectively. According to the proposed classification, N0 cases were markedly reduced in the T3 group (55.5%, 10/18) and relatively changed in the T2 group (56.5%, 13/23). T4 patients had no negative disease status. The 3‐year disease‐specific survival (DSS) rates for the proposed categories were 85.4%, 71.6% and 62.4% for T1, T2 and T3, respectively. For the current categories, the 3‐year DSS rates were 85.4%, 66.9% and 100% for T1, T2 and T3, respectively. The 3‐year DSS of the current N categories was 78.7%, 51% and 13.3% for N1, N2 and N3, respectively. According to the newly proposed categories, the 3‐year DSS was 70%, 50% and 13.3% for N1, N2 and N3, respectively.Conclusion:  Tumor and nodal staging of the newly proposed TNM classification show a more distinctive survival compared to the current one. However, a multi‐institutional validation is still required to further corroborate the proposed modifications.
Screening for uncorrected refractive error in secondary school‐age students in Fiji
Authors: Lindquist Anthea C , Cama Ana , Keeffe Jill E 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackground:  To estimate the rate of uncorrected refractive error and the associations with gender, age, ethnicity and place of residence.Design:  Population‐based study.Participants:  Secondary school students in the Central Division of Fiji.Methods:  All 58 secondary schools in the Central Division of Fiji were invited to participate and one class per year level at each participating school was randomly selected for screening. Visual acuity was tested using a logMAR chart and pinhole. Outcomes of screening included normal vision, corrected refractive error, uncorrected refractive error (VA <6/12 and improvement to ≥6/12 with pinhole (myopia) or hyperopia (tested with +2.00‐D lens) and low vision (corrected VA <6/18).Main Outcome Measure:  Prevalence of uncorrected refractive error.Results:  The participation rate of schools was 91% with 8201 students aged 12–20 years; 8021 students had normal vision; 180 had impaired vision (166 refractive error and 14 low vision). The rate of refractive error was 2.0% (95% CI: 1.7–2.3). Indian students were nearly 6 times more likely (OR: 5.89; 95% CI: 4.17–8.34; P < 0.001) to have refractive error than Fijians. The rate of uncorrected refractive error was 0.9% (95% CI: 0.7–1.1) in Fijian students (OR: 2.89; 95% CI: 1.37–6.10; P = 0.01) and those living in rural areas (OR: 3.28; 95% CI: 1.32–8.16; P = 0.01) were more likely to have uncorrected refractive error. The rate decreased by 20% (95% CI: 4.0–33.0) with each year of increasing age.Conclusion:  The prevalence of uncorrected refractive error in children is relatively low in Fiji with higher rates in Fijian and rural children.
Diagnostic accuracy of sonohysterography, hysterosalpingography and diagnostic hysteroscopy in diagnosis of arcuate, septate and bicornuate uterus
Authors: Ludwin Artur , Ludwin Inga , Banas Tomasz , Knafel Anna , Miedzyblocki Margaret , Basta Antoni 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAim:  To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of sonohysterography (SHG), hysterosalpingography (HSG) and diagnostic hysteroscopy (DH) in uterine anomaly detection and to assess the role of these various modalities in the differential diagnosis of arcuate, septate and bicornuate uteri.Methods:  Eighty‐three women, with a history of recurrent spontaneous abortions or infertility and initial diagnosis of uterine anomaly were included in the study. Diagnostic work‐up comprised of SHG, HSG and DH. To assess the accuracy of these methods all the patients underwent hysterolaparoscopy to establish the final diagnosis. The correlation between the results of each method was evaluated and diagnostic accuracy of each method was assessed in the whole group of women as well as in subgroups of arcuate, septate and bicornuate uteri using receiver operator curve (ROC) method by estimating the area under the curve (AUC).Results:  In the overall diagnosis of uterine anomalies, SHG with accuracy of 95.2% and correlation index of 0.873 (P < 0.001) proved to be a significantly better tool compared to DH (SHGAUC = 0.924 versus DHAUC = 0.761 P = 0.008), while no significant differences were observed between SHG versus HSG and DH versus HSG. SHG showed significantly higher accuracy (100.0%) compared to DH (80.7%) and HSG (80.7%) in differentiation of a septate (SHGAUC = 1.000 versus DHAUC = 0.816 P < 0.001 and SHGAUC = 1.000 versus HSGACC = 0.818; P < 0.001) and bicornuate uterus (SGHAUC = 1.000 versus DHACC = 0.707; P < 0.001 and SHGACC = 1.000 versus HSGAUC = 0.790; P = 0.002).Conclusion:  SHG is a noninvasive, cost‐effective method available in an outpatient setting that is highly accurate in identifying uterine anomalies, in particular septate and bicornuate uterus.
Confidential enquiries into maternal mortality in the United Arab Emirates: A feasibility study
Authors: Ghazal‐Aswad Saad , Badrinath Padmanabhan , Sidky Islam , Abdul‐Razak Yousef , Davison John , Mirghani Hisham M. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAim:  Routine confidential enquiry into maternal deaths is not yet part of the United Arab Emirates health care system. A confidential enquiry into maternal deaths was undertaken to test the feasibility of this approach and to identify the causes and preventability of maternal deaths.Material & Methods:  Data on all maternal deaths over a six year period from 1998 to 2003 were abstracted and reviewed by a panel of experts to assign the cause if in doubt, and to determine whether the deaths were preventable.Results:  Over the six year period, 26 deaths were identified with 122 075 births and the maternal mortality ratio was 21.2/100 000 live births. The mean maternal age at death was 32.3 years and two‐thirds of the deaths occurred during the postpartum period. The leading causes of death were thromboembolic events, hemorrhage and infection. After reviewing the clinical data the expert panel concluded that one third of the deaths were avoidable.Conclusion:  This first ever confidential enquiry has shown that it is feasible to adopt this approach in the United Arab Emirates and the causes identified would be of help in prioritizing clinical guidelines development and training programs aimed at professionals, which will ultimately lead to safer motherhood for women.
Measurement of the placental total antioxidant status in preeclamptic women using a novel automated method
Authors: Ozturk Ebru , Balat Ozcan , Acılmıs Yurdanur Gurcay , Ozcan Caglayan , Pence Sadrettin , Erel Özcan 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAim:  We aimed to measure the levels of total antioxidant status (TAS) in placental samples from preeclamptic pregnant women and evaluate the relation of placental TAS, total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) with fetomaternal compartments using the more recently designated Erel method.Material and Methods:  Thirty four preeclamptic and 27 normotensive pregnant women were enrolled in this prospective controlled study. Subjects were selected from women attending the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Gaziantep University. TAS, TOS, OSI were measured from placental, maternal and cord blood samples using a novel automated method. Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS for Windows version 13.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).Results:  The TAS level of the placenta was evaluated as significantly lower (P < 0.001) in preeclamptic women compared to normotensive women. In preeclamptic pregnancies, while the placental TAS level was not correlated with placental TOS level, the TAS levels of maternal plasma (P < 0.001; r = 0.584) and cord plasma (P < 0.005; r = 0.529) were significantly correlated with the TOS level of the placenta.Conclusion:  Our results support the concept that placental defective response to an oxidant stimulus plays a central role in the etiopathogenesis of preeclampsia by using the novel automated Erel method.
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis suspected to be a gynecologic disease
Authors: Yamashita Soichi , Nakamura Kazuto , Shinozaki Hiromitsu , Minegishi Takashi 
Published: February 2011

AbstractLymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare, systemic disorder that predominantly affects women. Although patients with LAM mostly present with pulmonary symptoms, some patients may present initially with extrapulmonary symptoms. We present a case of a 30‐year‐old Japanese female with abdominal pain during menstrual periods was suspected of having ovarian cancer due to exaggerated ascites observed at a local clinic. Subsequently, she was transferred to our hospital for further investigations, and was diagnosed with LAM. Three years after diagnosis, she had a girl by cesarean section to avoid the progression of pulmonary LAM by vaginal delivery. The patient is undergoing follow‐up treatment with the administration of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone‐analog. Though LAM is rare, gynecologists should know about it because it may occur with gynecological symptoms in young women.
Endometrial cancer implanted within a cesarean section scar
Authors: Baba Tsukasa , Mandai Masaki , Yamanishi Yukio , Suzuki Ayako , Kang Hyun Sook , Konishi Ikuo 
Published: February 2011

AbstractSeveral reports have documented adenocarcinoma arising from endometriotic implants within cesarean section (C‐S) scars on the serosal surface of the uterus; however, endometrial cancer invading the C‐S scar from the uterine cavity has not been described. We report a case of a grade 1 endometrioid adenocarcinoma ‘drop’ lesion invading a previous C‐S scar with resultant cervical stromal invasion. Using both MR images and a thorough review of the pathology, the tumor at the C‐S scar was determined to be an implant derived from a primary lesion at the uterine fundus. With increases in the incidence of both endometrial cancer and births by C‐S, it is likely we will encounter more cases of iatrogenic implants of endometrial cancers in C‐S scars.
Intramyometrial uterine cysts with special reference to ultrastructural findings: Report of two cases
Authors: Kim Na Rae , Cho Hyun Yee , Ha Seung‐Yeon 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAn intramyometrial cyst is an extremely rare condition that is characterized by a benign, endometrial, epithelium‐lined cyst within the thickened myometrium. Few cases of intramyometrial cysts have currently been reported in the literature, with or without microscopic description. We have experienced two cases of intramyometrial cysts. One was a 6.5 cm‐sized cyst and the other was a 3.0 cm‐sized cyst accompanied by adenomyosis. Case 1 was a 41‐year‐old female and case 2 was a 51‐year‐old female who had been suffering from menorrhagia for several days. A total hysterectomy was performed for both women. Histological examination showed that the huge cysts were composed of single‐layered, ciliated, cuboidal epithelia surrounded by diffusely thickened myometrium. Ultrastructural examination of case 1 showed the lining cells of the cyst consisted of the basalis‐type endometrial epithelial cells that have surface microvilli. The cells were surrounded by a duplicated basal lamina and joined by well‐formed desmosomes. We report here on two cases of intramyometrial cyst with special reference to the ultrastructural examination, and we discuss the pathogenesis of this rare lesion.
Discovery and structural characterization of a novel glycosidase family of marine origin
Authors: Rebuffet Etienne , Groisillier Agnès , Thompson Andrew , Jeudy Alexandra , Barbeyron Tristan , Czjzek Mirjam , Michel Gurvan 
Published: February 2011

SummaryThe genomic data on heterotrophic marine bacteria suggest the crucial role that microbes play in the global carbon cycle. However, the massive presence of hypothetical proteins hampers our understanding of the mechanisms by which this carbon cycle is carried out. Moreover, genomic data from marine microorganisms are essentially annotated in the light of the biochemical knowledge accumulated on bacteria and fungi which decompose terrestrial plants. However marine algal polysaccharides clearly differ from their terrestrial counterparts, and their associated enzymes usually constitute novel protein families. In this study, we have applied a combination of bioinformatics, targeted activity screening and structural biology to characterize a hypothetical protein from the marine bacteriumZobellia galactanivorans, which is distantly related to GH43 family. This protein is in fact a 1,3‐α‐3,6‐anhydro‐l‐galactosidase (AhgA) which catalyses the last step in the degradation pathway of agars, a family of polysaccharides unique to red macroalgae. AhgA adopts a β‐propeller fold and displays a zinc‐dependent catalytic machinery. This enzyme is the first representative of a new family of glycoside hydrolases, especially abundant in coastal waters. Such genes of marine origin have been transferred to symbiotic microbes associated with marine fishes, but also with some specific human populations.
The management of residual curvature after penile prosthesis implantation in men with Peyronie’s disease
Authors: Garaffa Giulio , Minervini Andrea , Christopher Nim A. , Minhas Suks , Ralph David J. 
Published: February 2011

Study Type – Therapy (case series)Level of Evidence 4OBJECTIVE• To report our experience in the management of residual curvature after implantation of a penile prosthesis in men with Peyronie’s disease (PD).PATIENTS AND METHODS• From January 1985 to June 2009, 62 (29%) of the 209 patients with PD that have undergone the insertion of a penile prosthesis have required an additional straightening procedure to correct the residual curvature after the insertion of the cylinders of the implant.• The types of additional manoeuvres, their success in correcting the residual curvature and eventual complications have been reported.RESULTS• Among the additional straightening procedures, modelling was more successful in achieving straightening when performed on an inflatable device (84%) than on a malleable implant (54%).• If the curvature persisted after modelling or if the curvature was ventral, straightening was achieved with tunical plications or incision with or without grafting.CONCLUSION• Although it is common for the simple implantation of cylinders alone to straighten the penis, some patients will present a residual curvature that must be successfully corrected with additional straightening procedures.
Predictors of citations in the urological literature
Authors: Willis Daniel L. , Bahler Clint D. , Neuberger Molly M. , Dahm Philipp 
Published: February 2011

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Citation rates have been previously studied in the general medical literature and in a few subspecialties. The results of these studies have differed showing an association with citation rates and multiple study characteristics that include the design of the study, study topic, industry funding, the number of authors and institutions, newsworthiness, sample size, and journal prestige.Correlates with citation rates have never been studied within the field of urology, but are important as urology is a unique surgical discipline with complex disease processes and rapidly changing technology. Our study is the first to evaluate the factors associated with increased citation rates in the urological literature and will assist authors in improving the impact of their work in urology.To assess the factors associated with increased citation rates in the urological literature by reviewing articles published in the four major urological journals to help authors improve the impact of their work. A random sample of 200 original research articles published between January and June 2004 was analysed from The Journal of Urology, Urology, European Urology and BJU International. Study information was abstracted by two independent reviewers and citation counts within 4 years of publication were collected using Web of ScienceTM. Study characteristics and citation rates were analysed using median and interquartile ranges (IQRs), and logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate which factors predicted greater citation rates. The overall median number of citations per published article was 6.0 (IQR 3–12). After univariate analysis, we found that study design, study topic, continent of origin and sample size were associated with greater median citation rates. In a multivariate linear regression model, study design and study topic (oncology) predicted increased citation rates. Randomized controlled trials were cited a median of 13.5 times and were the strongest predictor of citation rates with an odds ratio of 115.5 (95% confidence interval 9.4–1419.6). Citation rates are associated with study design and study topic in the urological literature. Authors may improve the impact of their work by designing clinical studies with greater methodological safeguards against bias.
Outpatient department repair of urethrocutaneous fistulae using n‐butyl‐cyanoacrylate (NBCA): a single‐centre experience
Authors: Prestipino Marco , Bertozzi Mirko , Nardi Niccolò , Appignani Antonino 
Published: February 2011

Study Type – Therapy (case series)Level of Evidence 4What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add?Cyanoacrylates are tissue glues which polymerize when getting in contact with blood or water, creating a tight closure. It is usually used as octyl or butyl‐cyanoacrylate, and in pediatric age it is applied to close tension free wounds, and it is as an alternative to conventional sutures. Its applications are in the management of low fistula‐in‐ano, or in the treatment of ano‐rectal fistula; other uses include endoscopic treatment in the first episode of variceal bleeding, sutureless circumcision, and the closure of laparoscopic trocar site wounds. Lapointe SP et al. had applied n‐butyl‐cyanoacrylate glue to repair “early fistulae” which occurred after urethroplasty with a good result.Our experience emphasizes that n‐butyl cyanoacrylate may be applied to repair, not only “early fistulae”, but also the long standing ones with good results.OBJECTIVES• To evaluate urethrocutaneous fistula repair after urethroplasty using n‐butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA) in an outpatient setting.• To compare results of application of NBCA in ‘early’ and long‐standing fistulae.PATIENTS AND METHODS• From January 2003 to December 2006, 13 children (mean age 36 months) were treated in our Outpatient Department for urethrocutaneous fistula, which occurred after hypospadias repair.• We analysed the data dividing the patients in two groups: group A comprised six children (mean age 22.6 months) that developed a fistula within 2–3 days of catheter removal after urethroplasty (‘early’ fistula) and group B comprised seven children (mean age 42.6 months) with long‐standing fistulae.• In all patients, a multilayer of NBCA was applied, attaching the edges of the fistula taking care to perform a scarification of the edges of the fistula in patients in group B before the application of the glue.RESULTS• Four patients in group A and three patients in group B had definitive fistula repair (seven of 13), and six of the 13 had fistula recurrence.• Fistulae of ≤2 mm were more easily repaired than fistulae of >2 mm (five of seven vs two of six).• Fistulae that tended to recover were those that responded to the first applications.CONCLUSIONS• In this experience the use of NBCA as a minimally invasive treatment for fistula repair gave good results for repairing fistulae.• These preliminary results encourage the use of NBCA as a first non‐surgical attempt to repair urethrocutaneous fistulae especially if the fistula is ≤2 mm.• The failure of this procedure does not compromise a possible subsequent surgical repair.