bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Static and Dynamic Facial Images Cue Similar Attractiveness Judgements
Authors: Roberts S. Craig , Saxton Tamsin K. , Murray Alice K. , Burriss Robert P. , Rowland Hannah M. , Little Anthony C. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractApproaches to the study of human mate preferences commonly involve judgements of facial photographs and assume that these judgements provide a reasonable reflection of how individuals would be perceived in real encounters. However, three recent studies have each reported non‐significant correlations between judgements using photos (static images) and those using videos (dynamic images). These results have led previous authors to conclude that static and dynamic faces are judged according to different evaluative standards and that this may call into question the validity of findings from experiments using static images. However, the extent of the discrepancy in judgements between image formats remains unknown, and may be influenced by different experimental designs. Here, we tested the effects of several experimental design factors on the strength of correlations between image presentation formats. Using both male and female targets, we compared observed static–dynamic judgement correlations when (1) judgements were made by the same or different raters, or (2) by raters of the same‐ or opposite‐sex to the targets, and (3) when dynamic stimuli were collected under different contextual scenarios. For (1) and (2), we also measured correlations when order of presentation of static and dynamic stimuli was alternated. Our results suggest that each design feature has independent effects on the strength of static–dynamic correlations. Correlations were stronger when static and dynamic stimuli were rated by the same raters. They were weakest for judgements of males by females, when based on seeing photos before videos. This interaction with sex is consistent with previous studies, indicating that females are especially responsive to male dynamic cues. However, in contrast to previous findings and in all cases, static–dynamic correlations were strongly and significantly positive, indicating that judgments based on static images provide an accurate representation of someone’s attractiveness during prolonged encounters.
Influence of Inter‐Lake Variation in Natural Nest Predation Pressure on the Parental Care Behaviour of Smallmouth Bass (Micropterus dolomieu)
Authors: Gravel Marie‐Ange , Cooke Steven J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPredation risk has the ability to greatly influence the behaviour of reproducing individuals. In large long‐lived species with low risk of predation for parents, reproductive behaviours often involve caring for offspring (i.e. defending broods from predators) and these behaviours are essential for offspring survival. Our objectives were to test for the presence of natural variation in nest predation pressure in an aquatic environment for a species that provides sole‐paternal care, smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu), and to determine if natural variation in predation pressure influences parental care behaviour. We used snorkeler observations and a series of metrics to assess predation pressure and parental care behaviour in six lakes within a narrow geographical range. Lakes differed in all predation pressure metrics: number of predators in proximity to nest when males were present, time to predator arrival and number of predators that consumed eggs when males were absent and total number of nests that was preyed upon. Similarly, parental behaviour varied between lakes. Parental smallmouth bass spent more time engaged in anti‐predator defences in lakes with high predation pressure, while males from low predator pressure lakes remained close to their nest. Conversely, males from lakes with low and high predation pressure showed a similar willingness to defend their nests during simulated nest predation events. Our results show that natural variation in aquatic nest predation pressure across multiple lakes can be significant and has the ability to influence baseline parental care behaviour. Such variation provides opportunities to study the costs and consequences of parental care and to evaluate how this could influence demography and community interactions in aquatic systems.
Method for estimating density of Cryphalus piceae (Ratz.) brood galleries using a regression model
Authors: Podlaski R. , Borkowski A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractEstimation of the severity of infestation by the bark beetle (Cryphalus piceae Ratz.) on silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) is commonly done using methods that lack satisfactory statistical foundations. The object of this study was to develop a statistical method for estimating stem infestation density which permits calculation of the estimation error and which also does not require debarking of the entire stem. The study was carried out in the near‐natural forests of the Świętokrzyski National Park in central Poland. Two general patterns (A and B) of distribution of C. piceae brood galleries on stems of A. alba were observed. In pattern A, brood galleries occurred on the 1st 1‐m length of stem (measured from the base), and the probability of infestation on successive 1‐m lengths further up the tree was also very high (above 90%). In pattern B, brood galleries were absent from the 1st 1‐m length but the probability of infestation in successive 1‐m lengths increased as the distance from the base increased. In a statistical analysis of linear correlations between the numbers of C. piceae brood galleries in selected 1‐m‐long stem lengths and the total density of infestation, the most significant correlations for pattern A were found for the 1st, 2nd, 6th and 7th 1‐m lengths (counting from the base). Here, mean relative errors of estimation did not exceed 35%. For pattern B, the most significant correlations were found for the 8th, 10th, 11th, 12th, and 13th 1‐m lengths, where mean relative errors of estimation did not exceed 42%. The method described is only mildly invasive and therefore may be used in strictly protected areas of reserves and national parks.
Viability of OPS Vitrified Sheep Embryos After Direct Transfer
Authors: Green RE , Santos BFS , Sicherle CC , Landim‐Alvarenga FC , Bicudo SD 
Published: May 2009

ContentsThe aim of this study was to evaluate the viability in the effect of open pulled straw (OPS) vitrification procedure of sheep embryos after direct transference. Embryos were produced in vivo and cryopreserved in slow freezing or OPS vitrification. The survival rates of cryopreserved embryos were compared to non‐frozen standard pattern. In a first set of experiments, embryos at morula and blastocyst stages were dived in ethylene glycol (1.5 M) and frozen in an automatic freezer. After being thawed, they were directly or indirectly transferred to ewes recipient. A second group of embryos were drawn into OPS and plunged into liquid nitrogen after being exposed at room temperature for 1 min and 45 s in 10% EG plus 10% dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), then again for 30 s in 20% EG + 20% DMSO + 0.5 M sucrose. After being warmed, embryos were also directly transferred using a French mini straw as the catheter for the transplantation process or after in vitro dilution of cryoprotectants (two‐step‐process). No significant difference was observed among fresh, frozen or vitrified embryos on pregnancy rate (50.0%, 38.6% and 55.8%). However, when we evaluated only the direct transference, the pregnancy rate of OPS vitrified embryos was higher than that of frozen embryos (57.1% vs 34.8%) (p = 0.07). In addition, vitrified morulae had a higher pregnancy rate than the one with frozen embryos (64.0% vs 38.9%) (p = 0.07). Finally, our results indicate that OPS vitrification technique in association with direct transference improves the viability of sheep embryos with potential applications to field conditions.
Evaluation of Trypsin Treatment on the Inactivation of Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1 on In Vitro Produced Pre‐implantation Embryos
Authors: D’Angelo M , Visintin JA , Richtzenhain LJ , Gonçalves RF 
Published: May 2009

ContentsThe aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of trypsin treatment on the inactivation of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV‐1) on in vitro produced by fertilization and artificially infected bovine embryos. Bovine embryos on day 7 were exposed with 10 μl of BoHV‐1, Los Angeles strain 107.5 TCID. These embryos and control embryos were divided in two groups: submitted to the sequential washes or to the trypsin treatment according to the International Embryo Transfer Society (IETS) guidelines. The embryos and the last washing drop of each group were used as inoculum to infect Madin Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells and submitted to nested PCR reaction using the primer that encodes the gene conserved region of virus glycoprotein gB. The data have shown that the control embryos and their last washing drop were negative. The exposed embryos that were treated with trypsin have shown positive results on the n‐PCR and MDBK culture, and their last washing drop were negative. Our data have demonstrated that the trypsin treatment was not able to eliminate the BHV‐1 of the embryos, suggesting an interaction between virus and embryo.
Review article: Chronic kidney disease‐mineral bone disorder: Have we got the assays right?
Authors: ZIDEHSARAI MIRIAM P , MOE SHARON M 
Published: May 2009

SUMMARYParathyroid hormone (PTH) and vitamin D [calcidiol or 25(OH)D] assays are used to diagnose chronic kidney disease‐mineral bone disorder, and to guide and monitor interventions. Unfortunately, both assays have limitations. These limitations include analytical variability because of a lack of assay standardization, different calibrators used for each kit and differences in antibody specificity. For PTH assays, this leads to variability in the assessment of fragments and differences between results among kits from different manufacturers. For vitamin D, this leads to differences in the ability to detect D2 and D3 derivatives and differences among assays. For PTH, these problems are amplified by collection and handling differences and, for vitamin D, by diurnal and seasonal variation. Understanding these limitations should help clinicians to appropriately interpret results; attempts to develop universal standards to minimize these limitations may enhance the ability of these hormone measurements to predict underlying disease states.
High‐definition imaging of trabeculectomy blebs using spectral domain optical coherence tomography adapted for the anterior segment
Authors: Singh Mandeep , See Jovina LS , Aquino Maria C , Thean Lennard SY , Chew Paul TK 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackground:  The aim of this work was to image trabeculectomy blebs using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT).Methods:  In this prospective cross‐sectional study, patients who had undergone trabeculectomy with at least 3 months of follow up were included. Blebs were imaged using an adapted SDOCT system (Cirrus HD‐OCT, Carl Zeiss Meditec Inc., Dublin, CA, USA) and time domain anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT) (Visante OCT, Carl Zeiss Meditec Inc.). An observer masked to clinical data assessed the utility of SDOCT and ASOCT in visualizing structures in successful and failed blebs.Results:  Fifty‐one eyes were imaged, of which 43 (84.3%) were successful. SDOCT showed wall thickening (93.0% vs. 67.4%, P = 0.006) and discrete hyporeflective spaces in the wall (88.4% vs. 14.0%, P < 0.0001) in a greater proportion of successful blebs than ASOCT. SDOCT showed the bleb cavity (23.3% vs. 48.8%, P = 0.02), scleral flap (34.9% vs. 90.7%, P < 0.0001), subflap space (20.9% vs. 72.1%, P < 0.0001) and ostium (9.3% vs. 88.4%, P < 0.0001) in fewer successful blebs than ASOCT. The internal ostium was not visualized in any failed bleb using SDOCT, whereas ASOCT showed the ostium in 87.5% of failed blebs (P = 0.001). SDOCT showed cystic spaces in the bleb wall in a greater proportion of successful blebs than failed blebs (88.4% vs. 37.5%, P = 0.005).Conclusions:  SDOCT imaging was able to show fine superficial features in the bleb wall. However, SDOCT had limited clinical utility in that it did not provide useful information about deep features such as flap position, bleb cavity formation or patency of the subflap space and internal ostium.
An exploratory study of operational reasons to budget
Authors: Sivabalan Prabhu , Booth Peter , Malmi Teemu , Brown David A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBudgets are used widely but criticized, mainly for performance evaluation reasons. We find that organizations regard budgets as more important for planning and control than evaluation, thus proposing a rationale for their continued use irrespective of evaluation‐based criticisms. This finding is also important, because most extant budget research focuses on evaluation, suggesting a potential disconnect between budget research and practice. We also find that rolling forecasts are used in tandem with the annual budget in most organizations, and for the same reasons. This was unexpected, as coexistence suggests their adoption for different reasons.
Anti‐obesity effects of long‐chain omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
Authors: Buckley J. D. , Howe P. R. C. 
Published: May 2009

SummaryAnimal studies suggest that increased consumption of the long‐chain omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, can protect against the development of obesity in animals exposed to an obesogenic diet and reduce body fat when already obese. There is also evidence that increased intakes of these fatty acids can reduce body fat in humans, but human studies are relatively few and have generally been conducted over short time periods with small sample sizes, making it difficult to draw definitive conclusions. Reported reductions in body fat may result from appetite‐suppressing effects, adipocyte apoptosis and changes of gene expression in skeletal muscle, heart, liver, intestine and adipose tissues that suppress fat deposition and increase fat oxidation and energy expenditure. We conclude that increased intakes of long‐chain omega‐3 fatty acids may improve body composition, but longer‐term human studies are needed to confirm efficacy and determine whether increasing omega‐3 intakes might be an effective strategy to combat obesity.
Contributing factors to weight gain during long‐term treatment with second‐generation antipsychotics. A systematic appraisal and clinical implications
Authors: Gentile S. 
Published: May 2009

SummaryThe increased rates of both overweight and obesity reported in severely mentally‐ill patients are prevalently due to the use of second‐generation antipsychotics (SGAs). Hence, the main purpose of this article is to analyze systematically potential patient‐ and drug‐related factors which may increase the risk of weight gain during long‐term treatment with such medications. Literature information published in English since 1966 and last updated on 17 January 2009 was identified through different databases and using various combinations of search terms. Searches provided 242 articles, whereas 6 additional references were identified manually. Peer‐reviewed articles focusing on the risk of weight gain during SGA‐chronic treatment (at least 52 weeks, N = 81) were acquired. Data were extracted from the 39 peer‐reviewed articles which investigated factors potentially associated with an increased risk of this event. Evidence‐based information suggests that a number of factors, either patient‐ (age, baseline BMI/bodyweight, recent onset of psychotic episodes, need of concomitant psychotropic medications) or drug‐specific (relative receptorial affinity, timing of weight changes plateau, daily dose, iatrogenic concomitant changes in biochemical metabolic parameters) may contribute to increase either rates and/or magnitude of this effect during long‐term treatments with specific SGAs. All contributors and their relationship with specific drugs should be taken into consideration when designing a long‐term therapy with SGAs. Among the best studied agents (clozapine, olanzapine, and risperidone) of this class, the latter seems to be the most susceptible drug to the amplifying effects of both patient‐ and drug‐related factors on the risk of inducing weight changes during chronic treatments.
Diabetes, pre‐diabetes and associated risks on Minnesota code‐indicated major electrocardiogram abnormality among Chinese: a cross‐sectional diabetic study in Fujian province, southeast China
Authors: Lin L. , Chen G. , Zou X. , Zhao J. , Zhu F. , Tu M. , Xu S. , Lin W. , Yang S. , Zhang Y. , Lin M. , Chen N. , Huang H. , Liang J. , Li L. , Yao J. 
Published: May 2009

SummaryThe goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM), impaired glucose regulation (IGR) and related metabolic disorders (overweight, obesity and hypertension) in a Chinese population (20–74 years old). An additional goal was to investigate the relationship between glucose metabolism and the Minnesota code‐indicated major abnormal electrocardiogram (MA‐ECG). There were 3960 individuals selected from urban and rural areas of Fujian, China from July 2007 to May 2008 by multistage‐stratified sampling. Ultimately, data from 3208 subjects (20–74 years old) were analysed (including physical measurements, blood biochemical analysis, oral glucose tolerance test and 12‐lead resting ECG). According to World Health Organization diagnostic criteria, the prevalence rates of DM and IGR were 9.51% (male, 10.08%; female, 9.14%) and 14.40% (male, 14.48%; female, 14.35%) respectively. Newly diagnosed DM was found in 53.44% of the diabetic subjects. Based on the 2000 China census, the age‐standardized prevalence rates of DM and IGR were 7.19% (male, 7.74%; female, 6.61%) and 11.96 % (male, 12.35%; female, 11.56%) respectively. The age‐standardized prevalence rates of DM and IGR in urban areas (7.74% and 12.97% respectively) were slightly but no significantly higher than in rural areas (6.67%, 10.86%). The prevalence rates of overweight, obesity and hypertension were 25.50%, 3.52% and 28.52% respectively (age‐ and sex‐ standardized rates: 23.69%, 3.02 % and 22.45 %). After adjusting for other confounding risk factors, multiple logistic regression analysis showed that DM and impaired glucose tolerance were independent risk factors for MA‐ECG. Non‐diabetic subjects with increased 30‐min plasma glucose (PG) after an oral glucose load had a higher risk of MA‐ECG after adjusting for other risk factors, especially in those with normal glucose tolerance but with 30‐min PG ≥ 7.8 mmol L−1 (odds ratio = 1.371 [1.055–1.780]). The prevalence rates of DM and IGR as well as other metabolic disorders have increased dramatically in the last decade in China, especially in rural areas, with many undiagnosed cases of DM. Even slightly elevated PG levels may predict early cardiovascular events.
ROBUST ESTIMATION IN PARAMETRIC TIME SERIES MODELS UNDER LONG‐ AND SHORT‐RANGE‐DEPENDENT STRUCTURES
Authors: Gao Jiti , Li Degui , Lin Zhengyan 
Published: May 2009

SummaryThis paper studies the asymptotic behaviour of an M‐estimator of regression parameters in the linear model when the design variables are either stationary short‐range dependent (SRD), α‐mixing or long‐range dependent (LRD), and the errors are LRD. The weak consistency and the asymptotic distributions of the M‐estimator are established. We present some simulated examples to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed M‐estimation method.
Minimum Wage Regulation under Devolution in Northern Ireland
Authors: Black Boyd 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis paper assesses the development and functioning of regional minimum wage regulation in Northern Ireland in the interwar period under a federal form of devolution. Unlike current devolution arrangements in Scotland and Wales, this gave the Stormont Parliament powers over employment and minimum wage regulation. Northern Ireland Trade Boards were set up by the Ulster Unionist Government under the Trade Boards (Northern Ireland) Act 1923 and functioned along the same lines as those in Great Britain. Uniquely in the UK in this period, employer opposition resulted in the main Trade Board in the Irish Linen Industry being replaced by voluntary collective bargaining machinery. About one‐quarter of employees were covered by minimum wage regulation, including two‐thirds of females in Belfast, keeping a protective floor under low pay.
The Trade Boards Act of 1909 and the Alleviation of Household Poverty
Authors: Bean Jessica S. , Boyer George R. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis article examines the effects of the 1909 Trade Boards Act on women's wage rates and income contributions to poor households. The Act established boards charged with setting minimum hourly wages in selected low‐paid trades, and the majority of workers affected before the First World War were women. Many of the women whose wages were raised by the Act were the wives and daughters of low‐skilled workers, while many others were sole earners who supported children or elderly parents. Our main finding is that the Trade Boards Act was effective in reducing household poverty rates among the women whose wages it would have increased.
Promoting Labour Market Efficiency and Fairness through a Legal Minimum Wage: The Webbs and the Social Cost of Labour
Authors: Kaufman Bruce E. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractNeoclassical economists, using a competitive demand/supply model of labour markets, typically conclude a legislated minimum wage is harmful to economic efficiency and social welfare. The major theoretical counter‐attack by proponents of a minimum wage is to argue that low‐wage labour markets are better modelled as monopsonistic. This article develops and formalizes a second theoretical defence for a legal minimum wage law. This defence rests on the concept of the social cost of labour, as originally popularized by Sidney and Beatrice Webb and then further developed by American institutional economists. This analysis is unique in that it continues to use the competitive demand/supply model but nonetheless demonstrates that a legislated minimum wage often simultaneously increases both economic efficiency and fairness, unlike the neoclassical prediction.
Haplotype Analysis of the Stromelysin‐1 (MMP3) and Gelatinase B (MMP9) Genes in Relation to Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Wu Naqiong , Lu Xiangfeng , Hua Yihong , Song Li , Ye Jue , Li Jianxin , Meng Xianmin , Gu Dongfeng , Yang Yuejin 
Published: May 2009

SummaryThe functional genetic polymorphisms present in the promoters of stromelysin‐1 (MMP3) and gelatinase B (MMP9) have been shown to be associated with angiographically measured atherosclerosis; however, haplotype analysis of the genetic polymorphisms occurring in the promoters and coding regions of MMP3 and MMP9 has been infrequently performed in the past. The aim of this study was to analyze the occurrence of the ‐1612 5A/6A, ‐376C/G, and Glu45Lys polymorphisms of MMP3 and the ‐1562C/T and R279Q polymorphisms of MMP9 and their relation to the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD; stenosis ≥50% of the diameter in at least one major coronary artery) in a Chinese Han population. The present study involved 1373 patients with CHD and 695 healthy controls. The Glu45Lys polymorphism of MMP3 was significantly associated with an increased risk of CHD. Compared with the 45Glu homozygotes, 45Lys allele carriers had a significantly elevated risk of CHD (adjusted OR = 1.50; 95%CI 1.11–2.03; p= 0.008). Moreover, haplotype analysis identified both the 6A‐C‐Lys (‐1612 6A, ‐376C, 45Lys) haplotype and the 6A‐G‐Lys (‐1612 6A,‐376G, 45Lys) haplotype of MMP3 as associated with an increased risk of CHD. Our study suggests that common genetic variations in the MMP3 gene may affect the risk of CHD in the Chinese population.