bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Source and Sink on Heat Transport in the SOL
Authors: Froese A. , Takizuka T. , Yagi M. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractParallel electron heat flux in the SOL is determined via fully kinetic simulations using the one‐dimensional particle‐in‐cell code PARASOL. The heat flux in fluid simulations is usually approximated in the collisional limit by the Spitzer‐Härm heat flux qSH and in the collisionless limit by the one‐way free‐streaming heat flux qFS adjusted by the coefficient αe.
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Though αe is defined at the collisionless limit, in practice it is used generally and taken to be a constant ∼0.1. We survey the dependence of αe with respect to many plasma parameters: collisionality, source and sink relative position, source model, and sink radiation rate. Increasing radiation and the size of the radiation region generally increases αe. Without Langevin heating and electron radiation, αe is found tobe non‐monotonic with collisionality. This effect is traced to the fact that in a collisionless plasma, the electron velocity distribution exhibits a high‐energy tail, which implies that use of the one‐way free‐streaming heat flux is inaccurate. A new treatment for the free‐streaming heat flux is proposed, wherein the symmetric bulk electron distribution is ignored, which makes αe ∼ 1 at all radiation rates for moderate and low collisionality. This method does not work for Langevin heating, which maintains a Maxwellian electron energy distribution (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Kinetic Effects in the Pedestal of a Tokamak
Authors: Catto P. J. , Kagan G. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe consider the effects of finite E × B on the residual and neoclassical ion heat transport and ion flow in the pedestal. For a tokamak pedestal with a density scale of the poloidal ion gyroradius the finite E × B drift modfies the ion orbits, moving the trapped‐passing boundary towards the tail of the ion distribution function (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Magnetic Perturbation Spectrum Produced by Non‐Axisymmetric Scrape‐Off Layer Current and the X‐Point Shadow
Authors: Joseph I. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe applied magnetic perturbation spectrum produced by non‐axisymmetric scrape‐off layer current is calculated for the symmetric two‐wire model of a diverted plasma at large aspect‐ratio. The spectral peak lies close to the magnetic field line pitch‐resonance condition near the separatrix, but moves toward larger poloidal harmonics on flux surfaces in the core. Dissipative and kinetic effects limit the ability of the asymmetric parallel current to reach the midplane when the biasing region is sufficiently close to the strike point. Thus, the X‐point casts a thin “shadow” across the separatrix where it is not possible to drive current. The size of the region of reduced current drive efficiency is estimated based on fluid and kinetic limits (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Towards Modeling of ITER H‐mode
Authors: Rozhansky V. , Veselova I. , Kaveeva E. , Voskoboynikov S. , Coster D. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractReported is the first modeling of ITER H‐mode. Simulations were made with the code B2SOLPS5.2 with drifts and currents, which was specially developed for simulation of tokamak H‐regimes. The emphasis is made on the pedestal and edge transport barrier regions. It is demonstrated that the specific feature of the ITER discharges is the density profile in the edge barrier region typical for the low particle sources in the main part of the barrier. The density, temperature and radial electric field profiles are calculated for two values of the edge barrier width (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Impact of Single and Multiple Harmonic Magnetic Perturbations on the Transport Barrier Dynamics in a Tokamak
Authors: de Solminihac F. , Beyer P. , Leconte M. , Benkadda S. , Garbet X. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn present fusion devices, the H‐mode is the most promising operational regime. It is characterized by a very hot core and a much colder edge. This is due to the presence of an edge transport barrier. In this thin zone located at the edge of the plasma, the turbulent flux is strongly reduced. However, this barrier is unstable and exhibits quasi‐periodic relaxation oscillations. In this work, we study the control of these relaxations by resonant magnetic perturbations. We perform 3D turbulence simulations to investigate the influence of these magnetic perturbations (MP) on the barrier relaxations. In particular, we present two configurations created respectively by a multiple harmonic MP and a single harmonic MP. We find that stabilization of the relaxation oscillations can be achieved with both single and multiple harmonic MP. However, with the single harmonic MP, the energy confinement is always degraded whereas with the multiple harmonic MP, the confinement can be maintained. The different competing mechanisms at the origin of these results will be discussed (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Turbulent Dynamics of Beryllium Seeded Plasmas at the Edge of Tokamaks
Authors: Shurygin R.V. , Morozov D. Kh. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractNumerical simulation of turbulent MHD dynamics of beryllium seeded plasmas at the edge of tokamaks is performed. The model is based on the 4‐fluid {∅︁, n, pe, pi } reduced nonlinear Braginsky's MHD equations. Neutral hydrogen flow from the wall is described with a diffusion model. Beryllium line radiation is taken into consideration. The Be ion distribution over ionization states is calculated using the reduced model. Electron impact ionization, three body, photo‐ and dielectronic recombination and charge‐exchange with neutral hydrogen are taken into account. Coronal equilibrium is not supposed. Simulations are performed for T‐10 parameters. Radial distributions of averaged temperatures and their fluctuation levels, species flows, impurity radiation power, and impurity ions concentrations are obtained as functions of the Be concentration at the wall. The impurity radiation is shown to act on the turbulent oscillation level significantly if the total Be concentration at the wall exceeds 3 · 1011 cm–3. The impurity turbulent transversal flow is directed inward and exceeds neoclassical flow significantly. The parallel conductivity and, as a consequence, turbulent transport are increased significantly by impurity radiation. The radiation loss dependence on the neutral Hydrogen concentration at the wall is also examined. The hydrogen concentration increasing the plasma density also rises. The relative beryllium concentration decreases. In total, these two effects are compensated, and the level of radiation losses is changed insignificantly (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
First Steps Towards the Coupling of the IMPGYRO and SOLPS Codes to Analyze Tokamak Plasmas with Tungsten Impurities
Authors: Toma M. , Bonnin X. , Hoshino K. , Hatayama A. , Schneider R. , Coster D. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to present the first steps towards coupling the IMPGYRO and SOLPS codes for a self‐consistent treatment of tungsten as an impurity together with a background plasma. The kinetic IMPGYRO code transfers the effect of tungsten impurities to the SOLPS fluid code, as source / sink terms. As the first step of the coupling, we have implemented in the IMPGYRO code the calculation of the following source / sink terms: 1) electron particle source / sink due to tungsten ionization / recombination, 2) electron heat sink by tungsten radiation cooling, 3) background plasma ion momentum source / sink due to Coulomb collisions with tungsten ions, and 4) background plasma ion heat source / sink due to Coulomb collisions with tungsten ions. Test calculations have been done to check these source terms with a fixed background plasma from the SOLPS code and reasonable results have been obtained. In addition, some technical improvements have been done concerning the data transfer between the SOLPS and IMPGYRO codes on a Linux‐cluster system under MPI environment. Based on this, the code is ready for full coupled calculations (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Modelling of Impurity Transport in the Linear Plasma Devices PISCES‐B and Pilot‐PSI Using the Monte‐Carlo Code ERO
Authors: Borodin D. , Kirschner A. , Nishijima D. , Doerner R. , Westerhout J. , van Rooij G. J. , Rapp J. , Kreter A. , Ding R. , Galonska A. , Philipps V. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe simulations for linear devices using the 3D Monte‐Carlo code ERO have a number of particularities of both physical and technical nature. Many physical effects introduced and tested for these simulations (elastic collisions, population of metastable states, etc.) can be relevant for tokamaks as well. The current status of these activities is summarized. As an example some simulations reproducing the experimental observations at PISCES‐B and Pilot‐PSI are presented. Main deviations and ideas for their origins are discussed (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Analysis of Carbon Deposition on the FirstWall of LHD by Monte Carlo Simulation
Authors: Kawamura G. , Tomita Y. , Kobayashi M. , Tokitani M. , Masuzaki S. , Kirschner A. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractDeposition of impurities on surfaces of plasma confinement devices is one of essential issues in present devices and also future fusion devices. In the Large Helical Device (LHD), it is necessary to reveal fundamental characteristics of impurity transport and deposition by simulation studies along with experimental studies. In the present paper, simulation scheme of carbon deposition on the first wall of LHD and results are discussed. The geometry of the LHD divertor and the configuration of the plasma are newly implemented to the Monte Carlo code ERO. The profiles of the background plasma is calculated numerically by a 1D two‐fluid model along a magnetic field line. Spatial distributions of the carbon impurities are investigated for a typical set of plasma parameters in LHD. The simulation results indicate that the deposition is caused by neutral carbon particles from two facing divertor plates. The divertor opposite to the first wall makes less contributions than the adjacent one because of the ionization in the divertor plasma. Chemically sputtered impurities cause more deposition near the divertor than physical ones because atomic processes of methane molecules lead to isotropic particle velocities (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Current literature in diabetes
Authors:   John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn order to keep subscribers up‐to‐date with the latest developments in their field, John Wiley & Sons are providing a current awareness service in each issue of the journal. The bibliography contains newly published material in the field of diabetes/metabolism. Each bibliography is divided into 26 sections: 1 Reviews; 2 General; 3 Genetics; 4 Epidemiology; 5 Immunology; 6 Obesity; 7 Prediction and Prevention; 8 Intervention: a) General; b) Care; c) Drug Therapy; d)Economics; e) Gene therapy; f) Nursing; g) Nutrition; h) Surgery; i) Transplantation; 9 Pathology and Complications: a) General; b) Cardiovascular; c) Eye disease; d) Gestational and fetal; e) Neurological; f) Podiatrical; g) Renal; 10 Endocrinology & Metabolism; 11 Experimental Studies; 12 Diagnosis and Techniques. Within each section, articles are listed in alphabetical order with respect to author
Appraising the mitogenicity of insulin analogues relative to human insulin—response to: Weinstein D, Simon M, Yehezkel E, Laron Z, Werner H. Insulin analogues display IGF‐I‐like mitogenic and anti‐apoptotic activity in cultured cancer cells. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2009; 25(1): 41–9
Authors: Kazda C. , Slieker L. , Ilag L. , Byrd R. , Rees T. , Prince M. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractInterest in mitogenic and potentially carcinogenic effects of insulin and insulin analogues has been renewed by several recent publications that have examined the relationship between cancer and insulin analogues. Actions mediated through the insulin‐like growth factor‐I receptor in a hyperinsulinaemic state have been implicated mechanistically. Both type 2 diabetes and endogenously elevated insulin‐like growth factor‐I have been epidemiologically linked to malignancies. Therefore, in vitro mitogenic effects and binding affinities of the various analogues have been analysed. A recent publication by Weinstein et al. studied the in vitro mitogenic and anti‐apoptotic activities of insulin analogues, and their conclusion asserts that insulins glargine, detemir, and lispro displayed proliferative and anti‐apoptotic effects in a number of malignant cell lines. However, their conclusions are not supported by the data which are not complete and lack clear statistical significance. This data should be interpreted cautiously in light of all other presently available scientific evidence. Prospective, randomized clinical trials will best address any direct relationship between insulin analogues and cancer. Until those studies are designed and completed, clinicians should consider the demonstrated strong benefit of glycaemic control in balance with any alleged risk. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Organic‐Additive‐Assisted Synthesis of Hierarchically Meso‐/Macroporous Titanium Phosphonates
Authors: Ma Tian‐Yi , Yuan Zhong‐Yong 
Published: May 2010

AbstractOrganic‐inorganic hybrid materials of meso‐/macroporous titanium triphosphonate materials were synthesized by using amino tri(methylene phosphonic acid) as the coupling molecule. The preparation was accomplished by a hydrothermal process in the presence or absence of small amounts of the diblock copolymer EO30PO34 and β‐cyclodextrin as the organic additives. The organic‐additive‐assisted preparation efficiently aided the enlargement of the surface areas and pore volumes of the resultant porous titanium triphosphonates and helped improve the wormhole‐like mesoporosity. In addition to the large macrochannels, with a size of 500–1000 nm, observed in all the titanium phosphonates synthesized with or without organic additives, a secondary small‐scaled, spherical macroporous structure with a diameter of 50–100 nm was obtained by the addition of cyclodextrin. These macroporous structures are proposed to be templated by the aggregation of cyclodextrin. The structural characterization confirms the integrity of organic groups inside the framework. Large adsorption capacities for heavy metal ions and CO2 are demonstrated in these hybrid materials, which makes them promising adsorbents for practical applications.
Sophorolipids from Candida bombicola: Cell separation by ultrasonic particle manipulation
Authors: Palme Olof , Comanescu George , Stoineva Ivanka , Radel Stefan , Benes Ewald , Develter Dirk , Wray Victor , Lang Siegmund 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe yeast Candida bombicola ATCC 22214 is well‐known to produce mixtures of glycolipids containing the sugar sophorose, the so‐called sophorolipids, especially when cultivated on hydrophobic carbon sources as co‐substrates. To improve cultivation efficiency, an integrated process was developed using ultrasound separation technology. Since this technology is new for use with C. bombicola, it was first characterized in batch experiments and afterwards implemented in an integrated production process. In this process, separation efficiencies of about 99% C. bombicola cells could be achieved, leading to 8 g/L of nearly cell‐free sophorolipid product and a total amount of 73.8 g/L sophorolipids. Furthermore, a technical mixture of unusual branched fatty alcohols containing mainly 2‐hexyl‐1‐decanol was used as co‐substrate with glucose in a shake flask study. This resulted in the production of a new product, 1‐O‐β‐glucopyranosyl‐2‐hexyldecanol, a molecule containing glucose as the sugar moiety and 2‐hexyl‐1‐decanol as a branched hydrophobic side chain.
Application of Halide Molten Salts as Novel Reaction Media for O‐Glycosidic Bond Formation
Authors: Kumar Vineet , Talisman Ian Jamie , Malhotra Sanjay V. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn this study we have explored the application of halide molten salts as reaction media for O‐glycosidic bond formation under basic conditions and mild heating. Eighteen different room‐temperature ionic liquids and molten salts, representing four different classes of cations (i.e. imidazolium, pyridinium, pyrrolidinium and ammonium), were screened in the glycosidation reaction of p‐nitrophenol with acetobromo‐α‐D‐galactose. 1‐Butyl‐4‐methylimidazolium chloride (BMIM·Cl) gave the best results and was applied in the reactions of other phenolic substrates to give the products with up to 80 % yields. All the reactions were highly selective to give the β‐anomers, and the molten salt BMIM·Cl couldeasily be reused with no apparent loss in activity.
Highly Enantioselective 1,4‐Michael Additions of Nucleophiles to Unsaturated Aryl Ketones with Organocatalysis by Bifunctional Cinchona Alkaloids
Authors: Oliva Cristina G. , Silva Artur M. S. , Resende Diana I. S. P. , Paz Filipe A. A. , Cavaleiro José A. S. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe development of general and efficient asymmetricorganocatalytic additions of malononitrile and nitromethane to 1,5‐diarylpenta‐2,4‐dien‐1‐ones (cinnamylideneacetophenones) catalyzed by cinchona organocatalysts is reported. The reactions afforded excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99 %), high yields (up to 97 %), and exclusive 1,4‐addition regioselectivities. The potential of these new enantioselective additions lies in the demonstration that organocatalysts bearing primary amino groups in combination with TFA provide effective catalytic systems for the activation of a broad range of aryl ketones under mild conditions to give compounds with high levels of enantioselectivity and yields.
Ex situ Deposited Bismuth Film on Screen‐Printed Carbon Electrode: A Disposable Device for Stripping Voltammetry of Heavy Metal Ions
Authors: Serrano Núria , Díaz‐Cruz José Manuel , Ariño Cristina , Esteban Miquel 
Published: May 2010

AbstractEx situ deposited bismuth films on commercial screen‐printed carbon electrodes (BiSPCE) are tested by DPASV in Pb(II), Cd(II) and Zn(II) solutions as a cheap and user‐friendly alternative to mercury electrodes and bismuth films on conventional glassy carbon electrodes (BiFE).
Usage of Bismuth Film Electrode as Biosensor Transducer for Alkaline Phosphatase Assay
Authors: Anik Ülkü , Çubukçu Meliha , Çevik Serdar , Timur Suna 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA biosensor for monitoring alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzyme activity was developed by using bismuth film electrode (BiFE) as transducer. The aim was to test the possible applications of BiFE as transducer in this biosensing platform. ALP was immobilized onto the BiFE electrode by means of gelatin which was then crosslinked by glutaraldehyde. The measurement was based on monitoring of p‐nitrophenol which was released after enzymatic reaction of p‐nitrophenyl phosphate (pNPP) substrate. The effect of enzyme activity (in Unit) was examined for 100 μM of pNPP substrate and a good linearity was observed between 1.28 and 4.26 U activities with the equation of y=0.214x−0.201 and R2=0.998 where x and y show enzyme activity in unit and current response in μA respectively. Analytical characteristics were also examined after the optimization of experimental parameters.
Bismuth Film Anodic Stripping Voltammetry for the Determination of Lead in Kerosene: A Metrological Study
Authors: Miguel Eliane M. , da Cunha Alessandra Licursi M. C. , Pacheco Wagner F. , Farias Pércio A. M. , Aucélio Ricardo Q. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAnodic stripping voltammetry and bismuth film electrode (BFE) were used to develop a method for the determination of lead in a complex sample (kerosene) prepared as a stable microemulsion. The method allowed the sensitive determination of lead with a quantification limit, in the sample, of 1.4×10−7 mol L−1 employing a 240 s accumulation time. Fortified sample analysis enabled the average analyte recovery around 99% which was statistically similar to the one achieved using a reference method (atomic absorption spectrometry). A detailed metrological evaluation was made including the calculation of the uncertainty associated to the voltammetric measurement indicating that repeatability (variations in the formation of different films and in the behavior of the analyte in the prepared microemulsions) is the main contribution of measurement uncertainty.
A Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube/Chitosan Composite as a New Sensor for Simultaneous Determination of Acetaminophen and Mefenamic Acid in Pharmaceutical Preparations and Biological Samples
Authors: Babaei Ali , Afrasiabi Mohammad , Babazadeh Mitra 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA new chemically modified electrode is constructed based on multiwalled carbon nanotube/chitosan modified glassy carbon electrode (MWCNTs‐CHT/GCE) for simultaneous determination of acetaminophen (ACT) and mefenamic acid (MEF) in aqueous buffered media. The measurements were carried out by application of differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA) methods. Application of DPV method showed that the linear relationship between oxidation peak current and concentration of ACT and MEF were 1 μM to 145 μM, and 4 μM to 200 μM, respectively. The analytical performance of this sensor has been evaluated for detection of ACT and MEF in human serum, human urine and a pharmaceutical preparation with satisfactory results.
Development of a Chloride Ion‐Selective Solid State Sensor Based on Doped Polypyrrole‐Graphite‐Epoxy Composite
Authors: Álvarez‐Romero G. A. , Ramírez‐Silva M. T. , Galán‐Vidal C. A. , Páez‐Hernández M. E. , Romero‐Romo M. A. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis paper reports the development and characterization of a solid state potentiometric sensor for chloride ions, based on doped polypyrrole‐graphite‐epoxy composite. The optimum mixture proportion found for polypyrrole:graphite was 60 : 40 meanwhile a 50 : 50 proportion was used for the polypyrrol+graphite:epoxy mixture. The stabilization time was approximately 16 min, while the response times varied within 2 and 23 s. The sensor displayed a sensitivity of 58 mV/decade [Cl−], and 3×10−6 M detection limit. The selectivity coefficients showed a greater selectivity to that reported for commercial‐type sensors. The statistical analysis for chlorides' determination in commercial saline serums did not show significant differences respect to data reported by the manufacturers.
Anodic Stripping Voltammetry of Tin at the Bismuth Film Electrode Using Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide
Authors: Prior Chad 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA sensitive anodic stripping voltammetric procedure at the bismuth film electrode (BiFE) is presented for analysis of Sn(IV) in the presence of Pb(II). For the first time Sn(IV) and Pb(II) signals are resolved at the BiFE allowing quantification of Sn(IV) in the absence and presence of Pb(II) and in simultaneous determination of both trace metals. The optimised oxalic acid – CTAB method produced a detection limit for Sn(IV) of 1.9 μg L−1 (S/N=3) and generated linear calibration data (minimum R2 of 0.991) between 25–250 μg L−1 and 5–50 μg L−1 with deposition times of 45 s and 120 s respectively. A 25 μg L−1 Sn(IV) signal was clearly resolved in the presence of a 20 fold excess of Pb(II) and the successful determination of tin in the presence of lead was performed in a fruit juice matrix.