bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drug‐induced gingival overgrowth: a study in the French Pharmacovigilance Database
Authors: Bondon‐Guitton Emmanuelle , Bagheri Haleh , Montastruc Jean‐Louis 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundGingival overgrowth is an adverse drug reaction (ADR) well known with phenytoin, cyclosporine or calcium channel blockers but can be related to other drugs.AimWe reviewed spontaneous notifications of drug‐induced gingival overgrowth (DIGO), in France.Material & methodsWe selected DIGO cases registered in the French Pharmacovigilance Database, between 1984 and 2010.ResultsWe found 147 DIGO cases (0.04% of all cases), most of them (86.4%) “non serious”. Patients were more frequently men (58.5%) and between 40 and 69 years (58.5%). Evolution was favourable in 47.5% of cases. The most frequently “suspected” drugs were calcium channel blockers (30.6%) followed by immunosuppressants (15.2%) and anticonvulsants (10.1%). The DIGO was also reported with drugs for which the ADR was “unlabelled” (mycophenolate mofetil, valproic acid, clarithromycin, ethynylestradiol, levonorgestrel, desogestrel, etc.). There were two peaks of occurrence (0–3 and >12 months) for immunosuppressants or calcium channel blockers and only one (>12 months) for anticonvulsants.ConclusionGingival overgrowth is often a “non serious” ADR but evolution was favourable in only half of cases. This ADR is “labelled” for calcium channel blockers, cyclosporine and phenytoin but can also occur with other immunosuppressants or anticonvulsants, antibiotics, oral contraceptives, etc.
Occupational contact allergy to monomeric isocyanates
Authors: Aalto‐Korte Kristiina , Suuronen Katri , Kuuliala Outi , Henriks‐Eckerman Maj‐Len , Jolanki Riitta 
Published: March 2012

Background. The monomeric isocyanates diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), 2,4‐toluene diisocyanate (TDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and 1,6‐hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) are used in polyurethane products and sometimes cause contact allergy.Objectives. To describe patients with isocyanate contact allergy in an occupational dermatology clinic.Methods. Test files were screened for allergic reactions to isocyanates and 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylmethane (MDA). Patients with allergic reactions to some of the allergens were analysed for occupation, exposure, concomitant reactions to other allergens, and diagnosis.Results. Over a period of almost 13 years, 54 patients reacted to isocyanates (9 to IPDI, 12 to MDI, 6 to TDI, and 1 to HDI) or MDA (44 patients). The motor vehicle, electronics and paint industries, and painting and construction work, were among the most significant occupational fields. An in‐house polymeric MDI (PMDI) test substance was superior to commercial MDI preparations. About half of the occupational cases related to MDI products were diagnosed by testing MDA. The most prominent cause of IPDI allergy comprised polyurethane paint hardeners. Some of the IPDI reactions could be explained by cross‐allergy to isophoronediamine in epoxy products. Specific exposure to MDA was difficult to trace.Conclusions. MDA and PMDI test substances were significant in the diagnosis of MDI contact allergy.
Targeted testing with diethylthiourea often reveals clinically relevant allergic contact dermatitis caused by neoprene rubber
Authors: Dall Anne B.‐H. , Andersen Klaus E. , Mortz Charlotte G. 
Published: March 2012

Background. Diethylthiourea is widely used in the rubber industry, particularly in neoprene rubber, and may cause allergic contact dermatitis. However, as thiourea allergens are not part of the European baseline series, the diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis caused by thiourea compounds depends on clinical suspicion and aimed testing.Objectives. The aims of this study were to evaluate the occurrence of sensitization to diethylthiourea during a 19‐year period by using data from the Allergen Bank database at the Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense University Hospital, and to evaluate whether the yield of aimed patch tests with diethylthiourea differed between the dermatologists in practice and those working in the dermatology department.Patients and methods. A total of 239 patients were patch tested with diethylthiourea 1% in petrolatum obtained from the Allergen Bank. The records for patients with positive reactions were evaluated retrospectively.Results. One hundred and fifty‐one patients were tested by 27 different dermatologists in private practice, and positive reactions were found in 16% (24/151) of the patients; 88 patients were tested at the dermatology department, and positive reactions were found in 15% (13/88). Thus, 15% (37/239) had positive patch test reactions to diethylthiourea, all with current clinical relevance and all strong.Conclusion. Clinical suspicion of neoprene rubber allergy and subsequent aimed patch testing with diethylthiourea give a high yield of clinically relevant allergic patch test reactions for both dermatologists in practice and dermatologists in the hospital department.
Nectar sugars enhance fitness in male Coenonympha pamphilus butterflies by increasing longevity or realized reproduction
Authors: Cahenzli Fabian , Erhardt Andreas 
Published: March 2012

The principal components of floral nectar are water and the sugars sucrose, fructose and glucose. Several studies have shown the importance of nectar sugars for female butterfly fecundity, whereas to date little attention has been paid to the effect of nectar sugars on male butterfly reproduction. Clear evidence for an effect of nectar sugars on male realized reproductive success is still missing.In this study, we fed male Coenonympha pamphilus butterflies nectar mimics with low (5%), medium (20%) or high (30%) total sugar concentrations with a sucrose:glucose:fructose ratio of 2.7:1.1:1. Sugar solutions were made mimicking Knautia arvensis, an essential nectar plant for C. pamphilus and many other European butterflies. Realized male reproductive success for each treatment was measured indirectly via nuptial gifts, by recording reproductive parameters and by characterizing time patterns over the oviposition period of their female partner.Male butterflies fed high‐concentrated nectar sugars had a longer lifespan than males fed low‐concentrated nectar sugars. In contrast, offspring of males fed medium‐concentrated nectar sugars had a higher hatching mass than progeny of males fed low‐concentrated nectar sugars, indicating a tradeoff between somatic maintenance and reproduction in the use of nectar sugars. Thus, allocation patterns of nectar sugars differed according to sugar concentrations in adult food.The method used in this experiment took into account the indispensable role of female butterflies in passing male nutrients to offspring. With this comprehensive approach, we can show the general importance of nectar sugars for male butterfly fitness and support previous findings suggesting a coevolutionary process between butterflies and flowers dependent on butterfly pollination.
Temporal and histological evaluation of melatonin patterns in a ‘basal’ metazoan
Authors: Roopin Modi , Levy Oren 
Published: March 2012

Abstract:  While recent advances suggest functional pleiotropy of melatonin in higher organisms, an understanding of the biological significance of this ancient molecule in early evolutionary groups is lacking. Here, endogenous melatonin production was identified for the first time in the sea anemone Actinia equina, a nonsymbiotic hexacorallian cnidarian. Day/night activity profiles of melatonin in this anemone indicated that melatonin levels oscillate with significant nocturnal peaks. However, dynamic changes in melatonin concentration did not persist under constant dark conditions and therefore were not circadian in nature. Thus, the oscillating pattern of melatonin in A. equina is presumed to be the result of alternative, simpler melatonin control mechanism that likely involves direct regulation by the daily photocycle. As nocturnal melatonin signals still potentially provide ‘time‐of‐day’ information and can illustrate the seasonally changing length of the biological night, we hypothesize that melatonin may be relevant to temporal coordination of timed processes also in anthozoans. Spatial patterns of melatonin distribution found in this study indicate abundant melatonin distribution in the endodermal filaments wrapped around gametes. This finding supports the possibility that one of the melatonin‐responsive processes in this basal metazoan species may involve reproductive functions.
Oxidative Stress in the in vivo DMBA Rat Model of Breast Cancer: Suppression by a Voltage‐gated Sodium Channel Inhibitor (RS100642)
Authors: Batcioglu Kadir , Uyumlu A. Burcin , Satilmis Basri , Yildirim Battal , Yucel Neslihan , Demirtas Hakan , Onkal Rustem , Guzel R. Mine , Djamgoz Mustafa B. A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBreast cancer (BCa) was induced in vivo in female rats with 7,12‐dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA). Two main questions were addressed. Firstly, would the carcinogenesis be accompanied by oxidative stress as signalled by superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, malondialdehyde and total nitrate? Secondly, would treating the rats additionally with a blocker of voltage‐gated sodium channel (VGSC) activity, shown previously to promote BCa progression, affect the oxidative responses? The DMBA‐induced increases in the antioxidant systems were completely blocked by the VGSC inhibitor RS100642, which also significantly prolonged the lifespan. We conclude that VGSC inhibition in vivo can significantly protect against oxidative stress and improve survival from tumour burden.
The CB1 Receptor Antagonist, AM281, Improves Recognition Loss Induced by Naloxone in Morphine Withdrawal Mice
Authors: Vaseghi Golnaz , Rabbani Mohammed , Hajhashemi Valiollah 
Published: March 2012

AbstractMorphine withdrawal leads to the activation of endocannabinoid system and cognitive deficits. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of AM281, a cannabinoid antagonist/inverse agonist, on memory deficit following naloxone‐precipitated morphine withdrawal in mice. Male mice were made dependent by increasing doses of morphine (30–90 mg/kg) twice daily for 3 days. The object recognition task was used to evaluate memory dysfunction. The test comprised three sections: habituation for 15 min., first trial for 12 min. and test trial for 5 min. In this learning paradigm, the difference in exploration between a previously seen object and a new object is taken as an index of memory performance (recognition index). The recognition index was assessed on the third day of morphine treatment by the injection of 0.1 mg/kg naloxone 3 hr after the last dose of morphine. Chronic administration of AM281 at 2.5 mg/kg significantly improved the memory impairment, producing a recognition index of 36.0 ± 3.9 as compared with vehicle‐treated data (recognition index = −3.1 ± 8.2%). A single dose of AM281 at 5 mg/kg improved the recognition index from −1.5 ± 3.9% in morphine withdrawal animals to 18.5 ± 11.6%. Concurrent administration of AM281 with morphine proved to be more effective in protecting the animals from losing their memory compared to acute action of AM281. These results indicate that the contribution of the cannabinoid system to memory deficit is attributable to morphine withdrawal. By blocking cannabinoid receptors, AM281 may become useful in preventing memory deficit after morphine withdrawal.
Morning Hypertension Determined by Self‐Measurement at Home Predicts Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Patients Undergoing Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Terawaki Hiroyuki , Shoda Toru , Ogura Makoto , Mitome Jun , Yamamoto Hiroyasu , Yokoyama Keitaro , Hosoya Tatsuo 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis study aimed to clarify the relationship between blood pressure (BP, mm Hg) measured by patients in the morning at home and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), which is a strong predictor for morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular disease in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). We recorded self‐measured morning BPs and BPs measured at hospital check‐ups (hospital BPs) in 33 patients undergoing CAPD (mean age, 64.0 years) and compared them with left ventricular mass (LVM) derived from echocardiographic examinations. The mean morning BP was 137/75, the mean hospital BP was 140/80, and the mean LVM (g/m2.7: corrected by height) was 61.8. Of the subjects, 72.7% had LVH (LVM > 51). The morning BP (systolic) was positively correlated with LVM (P = 0.0022, R = 0.508), and the hospital BP (systolic) was weakly correlated (P = 0.0534, R = 0.339). The adjusted odds ratio for LVH was significantly higher in patients with a morning BP (systolic) ≥ 135 (15.9; 95% CI, 1.3 to 198.5) than in patients with a morning BP (systolic) < 135. In conclusion, morning hypertension determined with self‐measured BP was positively correlated with LVH, therefore self BP monitoring could be a useful method to predict LVH in CAPD patients.
Deserts and pile-ups in the distribution of exoplanets due to photoevaporative disc clearing
Authors: Alexander R. D. , Pascucci I. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
We present models of giant planet migration in evolving protoplanetary discs. We show that disc clearing by extreme-ultraviolet photoevaporation can have a strong effect on the distribution of giant planet semimajor axes. During disc clearing, planet migration is slowed or accelerated in the region where photoevaporation opens a gap in the disc, resulting in ‘deserts’ where few giant planets are found and corresponding ‘pile-ups’ at smaller and larger radii. However, the precise locations and sizes of these features are strong functions of the efficiency of planetary accretion, and therefore also strongly dependent on planet mass. We suggest that photoevaporative disc clearing may be responsible for the pile-up of ∼Jupiter-mass planets at ∼1 au seen in exoplanet surveys, and show that observations of the distribution of exoplanet semimajor axes can be used to test models of both planet migration and disc clearing.
Evidence of two unique variability classes from IGR J17091–3624
Authors: Pahari Mayukh , Bhattacharyya Sudip , Yadav J. S. , Pandey S. K. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
IGR J17091−3624 is the second black hole X-ray binary after GRS 1915+105, which showed large and distinct variabilities. The study of these variability classes can be useful to understand the accretion—ejection mechanisms of accreting black holes, and hence to probe the strong gravity regime. We report the discovery of two new variability classes (C1 and C2) from IGR J17091−3624 from the 2011 outburst Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer data. These unique classes will be useful to have complete details about the source, and to learn new aspects about variabilities. For example, the C1 class shows that the intensity and period of oscillations, energy spectrum and power spectrum can clearly evolve in tens of seconds. Moreover, in such a small time-scale, soft-lag becomes hard-lag. The C2 class shows that the variability and the non-variability can occur at similar energy spectrum, and a soft state is not required for variability to happen.
Non‐Traditional Factors in Judgments about Knowledge
Authors: Buckwalter Wesley 
Published: March 2012

AbstractOne recent trend in contemporary epistemology is to study the way in which the concept of knowledge is actually applied in everyday settings. This approach has inspired an exciting new spirit of collaboration between experimental philosophers and traditional epistemologists, who have begun using the techniques of the social sciences to investigate the factors that influence ordinary judgments about knowledge attribution. This paper provides an overview of some of the results these researchers have uncovered, suggesting that in addition to traditionally considered factors like evidence and justification, a number of important non‐truth‐conducive factors play significant roles in determining when people ascribe knowledge. The present review focuses on four non‐traditional factors: pragmatic load (in relation to contextualism and interest‐relative invariantism), moral judgment, performance errors, and demographic variation.
Using the institutional grammar tool to understand regulatory compliance: The case of Colorado aquaculture
Authors: Siddiki Saba , Basurto Xavier , Weible Christopher M. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWhat is the relationship between the design of regulations and levels of individual compliance? To answer this question, Crawford and Ostrom's institutional grammar tool is used to deconstruct regulations governing the aquaculture industry in Colorado, USA. Compliance with the deconstructed regulatory components is then assessed based on the perceptions of the appropriateness of the regulations, involvement in designing the regulations, and intrinsic and extrinsic motivations. The findings suggest that levels of compliance with regulations vary across and within individuals regarding various aspects of the regulatory components. As expected, the level of compliance is affected by the perceived appropriateness of regulations, participation in designing the regulations, and feelings of guilt and fear of social disapproval. Furthermore, there is a strong degree of interdependence among the written components, as identified by the institutional grammar tool, in affecting compliance levels. The paper contributes to the regulation and compliance literature by illustrating the utility of the institutional grammar tool in understanding regulatory content, applying a new Q‐Sort technique for measuring individual levels of compliance, and providing a rare exploration into feelings of guilt and fear outside of the laboratory setting.
Identifying signature whistles from recordings of groups of unrestrained bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)
Authors: Janik Vincent M. , King Stephanie L. , Sayigh Laela S. , Wells Randall S. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) have individually distinctive signature whistles. Each individual dolphin develops its own unique frequency modulation pattern and uses it to broadcast its identity. However, underwater sound localization is challenging, and researchers have had difficulties identifying signature whistles. The traditional method to identify them involved isolating individuals. In this context, the signature whistle is the most commonly produced whistle type of an animal. However, most studies on wild dolphins cannot isolate animals. We present a novel method, SIGnature IDentification (SIGID), that can identify signature whistles in recordings of groups of dolphins recorded via a single hydrophone. We found that signature whistles tend to be delivered in bouts with whistles of the same type occurring within 1–10 s of each other. Nonsignature whistles occur with longer or shorter interwhistle intervals, and this distinction can be used to identify signature whistles in a recording. We tested this method on recordings from wild and captive bottlenose dolphins and show thresholds needed to identify signature whistles reliably. SIGID will facilitate the study of signature whistle use in the wild, signature whistle diversity between different populations, and potentially allow signature whistles to be used in mark‐recapture studies.
Impact of delay in diagnosis on survival to head and neck carcinomas: a systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Seoane J. , Takkouche B. , Varela‐Centelles P. , Tomás I. , Seoane‐Romero J.M. 
Published: March 2012

Clin. Otolaryngol. 2012, 37, 99–106Objective: To address the contradictory information on the role of delay in diagnosis on head and neck cancer survival.Study design: Systematic review and meta‐analysis.Search strategy: Search on MEDLINE (1966 to March 2011), EMBASE (1980 to March 2011) and ISI proceedings (from inception to March 2011). The terms used were (‘Head and neck cancers’) AND (‘delay’OR‘prognostic’OR‘survival’) both in MeSH terms and free‐text words. The reference lists of the retrieved articles were also revised manually to identify other potentially relevant papers. All searches were independently undertaken by two clinicians and one epidemiologist, and the results merged.Setting: Primary and specialised care levels.Participants: Meta‐analysis of data from papers on the subject published from 1966 to 2011.Main outcome measures: Survival.Methods: After search in Medline and other databases, we computed pooled relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) from the 10 studies retrieved.Results: The estimate of the relative risk of mortality related to any diagnostic delay (either patient or professional delay) was 1.34 (95%CI 1.12–1.61). Referral delay was associated with a three‐fold increase in mortality. Total delay was marginally related to mortality (RR: 1.04, 95%CI: 1.01–1.07). By anatomic location, pharynx cancer shows the highest association (RR: 1.68, 95%CI: 1.22–2.31).Conclusions: Diagnostic delay is a moderate risk factor of mortality from head and neck cancer. However, part of the effect observed may be due to residual confounding (confounding from unknown variables that are not eliminated by adjustment).
Effect of Chemico‐Physical Parameters on the Histidine Decarboxylase (HdcA) Enzymatic Activity in Streptococcus thermophilus PRI60
Authors: Tabanelli Giulia , Torriani Sandra , Rossi Franca , Rizzotti Lucia , Gardini Fausto 
Published: March 2012

Abstract:  In this study the activity of the histidine decarboxylase (HdcA) of Streptococcus thermophilus PRI60 was determined during growth and in crude enzyme preparations to evaluate its hazardousness in dairy products. The effect of different pH values, lactose availability, NaCl concentration, and growth temperature on histamine production was evaluated in M17 medium during 168 h incubation. In each case, the production of histamine increased concomitantly with the cell number with a relatively small further rise during the stationary phase. In all cultures the maximum histamine levels were reached at the end of active growth. Histamine was detectable (10 to 55 mg/L) even when growth was strongly inhibited. The HdcA enzyme in crude cell‐free extracts was mostly active at acidic pH values common in dairy products. NaCl concentrations lower than 5% did not affect its activity. The enzyme was quite resistant to heat treatments resembling low pasteurization, but was inactivated at 75 °C for 2 min. Given the features of the enzyme studied, efforts must be dedicated to a thorough risk analysis and development of strategies to contrast the presence of histaminogenic S. thermophilus strains in products from raw or mildly heat‐treated milk.Practical Application:  During its growth Streptococcus thermophilus can produce histamine over a wide range of conditions encountered in cheesemaking and cheese ripening. The histidine‐decarboxylase is even more active in cell‐free extract and histamine can be accumulated independently of cell viability.