bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Joint Inversion Method of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Logging Multiwait Time and Multiecho Time Activation Data and Fluid Identification
Authors: Li Bo , Tan Maojin , Zhang Haitao , Zhou Jinyu , Changsheng Wang , Haopeng Guo 
Published: May 2024

Summary
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logging is effective for reservoir evaluation; at present, NMR logging data acquisition parameters are primarily divided into dual wait time (TW) and dual echo time (TE) and then are analyzed, respectively. However, the interpretation results of the two activations are often inconsistent and confuse the identification and quantitative evaluation of reservoir fluids. Based on the principle of multi-TW and -TE activations of NMR logging, the relaxation mechanism is analyzed, and the relationship between the amplitude of the echo train and the pore structure, fluid types, and content of different activations is established. The joint system of the amplitude of echo trains in multiactivations is constructed. Then, the difference spectrum and the oil porosity of the flushed zone can be calculated by the least squares algorithm (LSQR). The fluid-saturated rock model is set, and the numerical simulation of NMR is used to verify the data joint inversion is correct and that the calculation result is more accurate than the previous time domain analysis (TDA) processing method. Moreover, the oil porosity of the flushed zone-deep induction resistivity crossplot is constructed and is also proposed to identify fluid. The above method was applied to the Yanchang Formation in the western Ordos Basin. Based on the joint inversion of NMR multi-TW and -TE logging data in the study area, the methodology yields more precise calculations of fluid volume and saturation compared with conventional approaches. The crossplots derived from these calculations demonstrate high efficacy in identifying fluid types; therefore, the method for fluid identification exhibits potential for practical application and holds considerable value for widespread adoption in the field.
In-situ Investigation of Water Infiltration and Collapsibility in Loess Ground
Authors: Liu Chang-Ling , Cui Nai-Yuan , Syamsunur Deprizon , Kong Yang , Huang Xue-Feng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The problem of water infiltration and loess collapsibility are critical engineering issues in the loess region. Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) technique is used to investigate the vertical infiltration law of water, and to evaluate the self-weight collapsible deformation of a large thickness loess ground during this field investigation. The change of volumetric water content (VWC) values caused by water infiltration, self-weight collapsible deformation and consolidation are measured by TDR moisture probes. Change-points of the temporal and spatial VWC curves are happen-points of self-weight collapsible deformation. Variation of change-points of VWC curves represented the collapsible sensitivity of loess. Different types of changing modes and different locations of change-points of VWC curves reflect the systematic water infiltration process. At different measuring depths, the pattern of time-dependent VWC curves can be divided into four typical categories. The test results point out that there is a clear and close relationship between VWC and collapsible deformation. It can be indirectly determined from VWC curves that if there is a happen of self-weight collapsible deformation or collapsible deformation. Along the vertical direction, water can’t unlimitedly infiltrate because of the presence of loess matric suction. There is a limit depth of water infiltration. The loess under the depth of 22.5m does not reach the saturation state, which suggests that the depth of 22.5m is the limit depth of water infiltration in this field investigation and in the meanwhile, it can be used as the critical ground improvement depth of loess.
Nanoparticle-mediated delivery of peptide-based degraders enables targeted protein degradation
Authors: Alabi Christopher , Ghosal Souvik , Robertus Cara , Wang Jeanette , Chan Harrison , Alamgir Azmain , Almonte Joshua 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The development of small molecule-based degraders against intracellular protein targets is a rapidly growing field that is hindered by the limited availability of high-quality small molecule ligands that bind to the target of interest. Despite the feasibility of designing peptide ligands against any protein target, peptide-based degraders still face significant obstacles such as limited serum stability and poor cellular internalization. To overcome these obstacles, we repurposed lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulations to facilitate the delivery of Peptide-based proteolysis TArgeting Chimeras (PepTACs). Our investigations reveal robust intracellular transport of PepTAC-LNPs across various clinically relevant human cell lines. Our studies also underscore the critical nature of the linker and hydrophobic E3 binding ligand for efficient LNP packaging and transport. We demonstrate the clinical utility of this strategy by engineering PepTACs targeting two critical transcription factors, β-catenin and CREPT (cell-cycle-related and expression-elevated protein in tumor), involved in the Wnt-signalling pathway. The PepTACs induced target-specific protein degradation and led to a significant reduction in Wnt-driven gene expression and cancer cell proliferation. Mouse biodistribution studies revealed robust accumulation of PepTAC-LNPs in the spleen and liver, among other organs, and PepTACs designed against β-catenin and formulated in LNPs showed a reduction in β-catenin levels in the liver. Our findings demonstrate that LNPs can be formulated to encapsulate PepTACs, thus enabling robust delivery and potent intracellular protein degradation.
Effect of partial or complete replacement of soybean meal with black solider fly (Hermetia illucens) prepupae meal on egg production and quality in layer chicken
Authors: av elangovan , Yandigeri Mahesh Shankarappa , Udayakumar Amala , Sastry Kochiganti Venkata Hanumat , Awachat Vaibhav Bhagwan , Mohan Muthugounder , Mech Anjumoni , Rao Somu Bala Nageswara , Soren Nira Manik , Sushil Satya Nand , Bhatta Raghavendra 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

A study was conducted to examine the suitability of using black soldier fly (BSF) Hermetia illucens (Linnaeus) prepupae meal as a feed supplement in layer chicken. Two experiments were conducted in layer chicken. Sixty White Leghorn layer birds of 19 weeks of age procured from commercial layer farm were fed with standard diet till 22wks of age and then shifted to experimental diet from 23 wks of age when all the birds were in peak egg production. Birds were randomly assigned to three treatment groups and each treatment group had 20 replicates (individual bird). In the first experiment (23–38 wks of age), dietary treatment groups consisted of one control diet (T1) with maize-soybean meal based and another two (T2 & T3) diets containing 5 and 10% of BSF pre pupae meal in diet, respectively. In the second experiment (39–48 wks of age), the 5% BSF fed group (T2 of Experiment 1) was switched to 20% BSF group wherein soybean meal was completely replaced. The treatment group consisted of T1, control and T2, 10% BSF meal continued from earlier Experiment 1 and T3, 20% BSF meal continued from 5% BSF meal fed group. In Experiment 1, the results indicated the egg production, egg weight and shell weight were similar (P < 0.05) in all the groups, however, with lower (P > 0.05) feed intake and better (P > 0.05) FCR in BSF fed group. The 10% BSF group had lower (P > 0.05) shell thickness. In Experiment 2, the egg production, shell thickness and shell weight were similar (P < 0.05) in all the groups, however, with lower (P > 0.05) feed intake in BSF fed group. The 20% BSF group had poor (P > 0.05) FCR and lower egg weight. There was no difference in the organoleptic evaluation of eggs due BSF feeding. Based on the two experiments it can be concluded that black soldier fly prepupae meal can be optimally included upto 10% in the diet of layer chicken replacing 50% of soybean meal.
Effects of Long-term Microgravity Exposure on Liver Activity and the Gut Microbiota as well as Gut-liver Axis Homeostasis
Authors: Chen Pu , Chen Junli , Xu Nan , Wang Weiran , Hou Lingwei , Sun Bowen , Lan Haiyun , Liu Wei , Shen Qibing , Yu Yanbo , Zang Peng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background: Recent advances in understanding gut‒liver axis homeostasis have been made because of the promising beneficial effects of these systems on health maintenance and performance promotion. However, little is known about the effects of long-term microgravity exposure on the gut-liver axis or about effective countermeasures to prevent disruptions in gut-liver axis homeostasis. Hence, we conducted a well-controlled study to determine the effects of long-term microgravity exposure on liver activity, the gut microbiota and gut-liver axis homeostasis via a hindlimb suspension rat model.
Results: Interestingly, long-term microgravity exposure increased lipid deposition, oxidative stress and inflammation in the liver; increased proportions of opportunistic enteric pathogens; and disrupted intestinal barrier integrity, paralleling with dysregulation of gut-liver axis homeostasis, which especially underlined portal influx of secondary bile acid (mainly ursodeoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid). Notably, metabolites (mostly prostaglandins, kynurenine and derivatives) derived from the liver reflected the aggravating oxidative stress and inflammation and were strongly associated with those from the colon. In addition, the gut microbiota played a vital role in cometabolism pathways of aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, vitamin B6 metabolism, alanine, and aspartate and glutamate metabolism, which may emphasize the critical role of microbial homeostasis in maintaining liver activities as well as intestinal barrier integrity upon microgravity.
Conclusions: Taken together, our findings suggest that enteric microorganism is an effective target for maintaining gut-liver axis homeostasis as well as protecting astronauts from inflammation when deal with microgravity exposure in further long-term manned space mission.
Microplastics contamination in branded cigarettes: Characterization and potential burning inhalation risk assessment
Authors: Sun Yunmei , Zhang Kexin , Ju Peng , Jiang Fenghua , Sun Chengjun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

It is well known that smoking is harmful to human health owing to the containing harmful substances. However, the study of prevalence and further harm to human of emerging pollutant microplastics (MPs) in cigarettes is still lacking. This study systematically analyzed 21 most kinds of most known and consumed domestic and international cigarette brands to ascertain the presence or absence of MPs in cigarettes. Experimental results illustrated that MPs were identified in 18 out of the 21 sampled cigarette brands with an average abundance of 0.21±0.61 items/g (0.15±0.44 items/individual). Among the identified MPs, the shape was mainly fibrous, predominantly colors blue and black, and particle sizes were mostly concentrated in 100-300 µm. A total of 6 polymer types were identified: rayon, polyester, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene, polydimethylsiloxane, and polyvinyl alcohol. After being burned, MPs would possibly produce toxic gases such as dienes, alkenes and alkanes, which can directly enter the human lung, resulting in further harm to human health. Besides, the daily and life time MPs exposure risk through cigarettes consumption was evaluated. These findings not only achieve a full and proper assessment of MPs contamination in cigarettes and potential risk to human, but also provides suggestions to minimize MPs contamination in cigarettes during the preparation process, aiming to reduce the risk of cigarettes being tainted by microplastics.
Me-LLaMA: Foundation Large Language Models for Medical Applications
Authors: Xie Qianqian , Chen Qingyu , Chen Aokun , Peng Cheng , Hu Yan , Lin Fongci , Peng Xueqing , Huang Jimin , Zhang Jeffrey , Keloth Vipina , Zhou Xinyu , He Huan , Ohno-Machado Lucila , Wu Yonghui , Xu Hua , Bian Jiang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT and LLaMA have hinted at their potential to revolutionize medical applications, yet their application in clinical settings often reveals limitations due to a lack of specialized training on medical-specific data. In response to this challenge, this study introduces Me-LLaMA, a novel medical LLM family that includes foundation models – Me-LLaMA 13/70B, along with their chat-enhanced versions – Me-LLaMA 13/70B-chat, developed through continual pre-training and instruction tuning of LLaMA2 using large medical datasets. Our methodology leverages a comprehensive domain-specific data suite, including a large-scale, continual pre-training dataset with 129B tokens, an instruction tuning dataset with 214k samples, and a new medical evaluation benchmark (MIBE) across six critical medical tasks with 12 datasets. Our extensive evaluation using the MIBE shows that Me-LLaMA models achieve overall better performance than existing open-source medical LLMs in zero-shot, few-shot and supervised learning abilities. With task-specific instruction tuning, Me-LLaMA models outperform ChatGPT on 7 out of 8 datasets and GPT-4 on 5 out of 8 datasets. In addition, we investigated the catastrophic forgetting problem, and our results show that Me-LLaMA models outperform other open-source medical LLMs in mitigating this issue. Me-LLaMA is one of the largest open-source medical foundation LLMs that use both biomedical and clinical data. It exhibits superior performance across both general and medical tasks compared to other open-source medical LLMs, rendering it an attractive choice for medical AI applications. We release our models, datasets, and evaluation scripts at: https://github.com/BIDS-Xu-Lab/Me-LLaMA.
Biomechanical Evaluation of Unstable Intertrochanteric Fractures Fixation with Different Implants: A Finite Element Analysis Study
Authors: Qi Yuanbo , Li Jiantao , Xu Cheng , Xiong Dou , Wu Jie , Wang Guoqi , Wang Daofeng , Liu Kaiyuan , Tao Sheng , Zhang Zhi , Liu Daohong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Unstable intertrochanteric fractures are one of the most difficult to treat in older hip fractures. In this study, we simulated unstable intertrochanteric fractures AO/OTA 31 A2.3 by finite element analysis to compare the biomechanical stability of the three implants most commonly used in clinical treatment at this stage.
Methods
We used Mimics, Geomagic studio, UG-NX, Hypermesh and other software to establish the model of unstable intertrochanteric fracture (AO/OTA 31 A2.3) and three internal fixation models of Dynamic hip screw (DHS), Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation (PFNA), and InterTAN. After assembly, Abaqus software was used to analyze and calculate the Von Mises stress distribution, strain distribution, and displacement distribution of each group of fracture internal fixation models when the force was applied in the gait.
Results
Our experimental results show that under 2100N load, the peak stress of the InterTAN was 783.4Mpa, while the peak stress of PFNA and DHS was 603.7Mpa and 763.5Mpa. In InterTAN, the peak strain was 0.41% at the load of 2100N; in PFNA, the peak strain was 0.58%; in DHS, the peak strain was 0.69%. And InterTAN structure had a maximum displacement of 5.74 mm at a load of 2100N. PFNA structure performed the maximum displacement of 9.44 mm, and DHS was 21.76 mm. The maximum displacement of the complete fracture model under InterTAN fixation was 6.7 mm, and the maximum displacement values for the PFNA fixation model and DHS fixation model were 10.84 mm and 22.8 mm.
Conclusions
Our finite element analysis results indicate that when subjected to the same mechanical loads, InterTAN experiences lower yield strain and displacement compared to DHS and PFNA. Only under higher loads does InterTAN exhibit higher peak stress. It demonstrates superior biomechanical performance, making it a better choice for fixing unstable intertrochanteric fractures. Additionally, intramedullary fixation proves to be more effective than extramedullary fixation.
Naturalization of Pineapple-weed (Matricaria discoidea DC.) in the Indian Trans-Himalayan region of Ladakh
Authors: Zargar Shabir A. , Khuroo Anzar Ahmad , Reshi Zafar A. , Ganie Aijaz Hassan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Climate change and biological invasions represent significant drivers of biodiversity loss, and changes in climate and land use can also synergistically influence the naturalization of alien species into new areas. Therefore, reporting the transition of alien plant species along the casual-naturalization-invasion continuum can be crucial to the early detection of alien species and their timely management with lower costs. Here, we report the distribution of the recently naturalized plant species Matricaria discoidea DC. (Pineapple-weed) in Ladakh, a remote region located in the Trans-Himalayan region of Ladakh. We provide a taxonomic description of M. discoidea and photo-illustrations of its distinctive characters for easy field identification. Based on the sampling of communities dominated by M. discoidea, we found it positively associated with plant species that habitat preferences similar to M. discoidea but negatively associated with several native plant species that occurred in the same community. Our findings suggest that this newly naturalized alien species can potentially spread throughout this trans-Himalayan region and may have ecological consequences, including the negative impact on native species diversity in the region.
Production of xylanases from Penicillium sp. FSDE15 using agro-industrial residues and its biotechnological potential
Authors: Nunes Jaqueline Siqueira , Padilha Carlos Eduardo de Araújo , Costa Isabela Oliveira , Silva Rene Pinto da , Alcântara Maristela Alves , Santos Everaldo Silvino dos , Gonçalves Laís Campos Teixeira de Carvalho , de Araújo Demétrius Antonio Machado 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

This study investigates the production and application of xylanases derived from the fungus Penicillium sp. FSDE15, obtained via solid-state fermentation (SSF). Wheat bran served as the substrate, either in its pure form or mixed with sisal fiber. Penicillium sp. underwent incubation in SSF for 168 h, with daily sampling to evaluate xylanase activity. Xylanase analyses were conducted under various temperature and pH conditions to optimize enzymatic activity, with the optimal conditions determined as 50°C and pH 4.8. SDS-PAGE electrophoresis revealed the enzyme's molecular weight as 66 kDa. Evaluation of Penicillium sp. xylanase for enzymatic hydrolysis of sugarcane straw (untreated and alkaline pretreated) and corn cob xylan showcased significant activity, with 102.34 U/g and a productivity of 1.67 U/g.h observed in 72 h, surpassing experiments with the blend of bran and sisal fiber. Electrophoresis analysis identified a single protein band at 66 kDa. Although optimal conditions were identified, the enzyme exhibited instability at alkaline pH values (> 6.0) and elevated temperatures (> 60°C). When compared to a commercial enzyme, FSDE15 demonstrated satisfactory performance in saccharification and xylooligosaccharide (XOS) production, including X2, indicating its biotechnological potential. This study underscores the efficacy of SSF in xylanase production by Penicillium sp. FSDE15 has implications for converting lignocellulosic biomass into value-added products, particularly in saccharification and XOS production.
Using IoT and YOLOv5 for real-time security monitoring of homes
Authors: NOUTELE Guy 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Everyone wants their home to be as secure as possible against disturbances and threats. Many people have installed Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) as a home security system. Apart from the fact that it is relatively expensive to install, CCTV has shortcomings that make it difficult to integrate with stable, secure user devices in real time. The aim of this work is to develop a security system capable of detecting malicious people in a house using a Raspberry PI 3, infrared (PIR) and ultrasound sensors, a webcam for taking photos and YOLOv5 for detecting objects. Once the malicious person is detected, the homeowner is immediately informed of the status of their home on their mobile phone via the Telegram mobile application. This proposed system can be applied and used as a safe and very inexpensive means of prevention.
Comparative Assessment of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Fuzzy Overlay Analysis (FOA) Models in Groundwater Potential Zone Mapping Using Sensitive Analysis: A GIS-RS Integrated Approach
Authors: Gandhi Fenil , Songara Jaysukh , Prakash Indra , Altuwaijri Hamad Ahmed 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

This study addresses the pressing need for assessing groundwater potential in diverse regions worldwide, emphasizing the challenges posed by industrialization and urban expansion. Leveraging remote sensing (RS) data within an ArcGIS framework, a comparison was conducted on the effectiveness of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Fuzzy Overlay Analysis (FOA) models in delineating groundwater potential zones. Ten influencing factors underwent rigorous multicollinearity checks to ensure independent analysis. Both methodologies categorized the output into five classification zones, revealing variations between methods. The sensitivity analysis identified specific influential layers for each method, showcasing heightened sensitivity in assessing groundwater potential zones. Notably, AHP emphasized factors such as NDWI, Lineament density, and Land Use Land Cover (LULC), while FOA prioritized Soil Texture, Lineament Density, and NDWI. Evaluating the reliability of groundwater potential assessments, AHP demonstrated fair agreement (59.18%), while FOA exhibited substantial agreement (77.5%). FOA emerged as superior, offering a more nuanced and precise representation of spatial relationships and uncertainties. The promising performance of FOA in our study suggests its potential applicability in accurate groundwater potential assessment beyond the study area (India) to other countries regions with heterogeneous hydrogeological conditions.