bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post-Placement Management of Artificial Reefs in Korea
Authors: Kim Chang Gil , Kim Ho Sang 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
The post-placement management of artificial reefs is an important process in recovering and sustaining the performance of reefs. However, the accomplishment of these goals requires many prior surveys. A survey methodology comprising four steps was conducted: (a) survey of the current state of reef installation, (b) removal of derelict fishing gear from the reefs, (c) evaluation of reef functions, (d) and the incorporation of the data in a database. This article describes the survey components and methods for each step of the post-placement management of Korea's artificial reefs. The results indicate that a methodology for reef management through the improvement of performance measurement apparatus should be established as soon as possible.
The Challenge of Managing Nearshore Rocky Reef Resources
Authors: Gunderson Donald R. , Parma Ana M. , Hilborn Ray , Cope Jason M. , Fluharty David L. , Miller Marc L. , Vetter Russell D. , Heppell Selina S. , Greene H. Gary 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Nearshore temperate reefs are highly diverse and productive habitats that provide structure and shelter for a wide variety of fishes and invertebrates. Recreational and commercial fisheries depend on nearshore reefs, which also provide opportunities for non-extractive recreational activities such as diving. Many inhabitants of nearshore temperate reefs on the west coast of North America have very limited home ranges as adults, and recent genetic evidence indicates that the dispersion of the larval stages is often restricted to tens of kilometers. Management of temperate reef resources must be organized on very small spatial scales in order to be effective, offering unique technical challenges in terms of assessment and monitoring. New enabling legislation could assist in specifying mandates and adjusting institutional design to allow stakeholders and concerned citizens to formulate management policies at local levels, and to aid in implementing and enforcing these policies.
The North Atlantic Ocean: Need for Proactive Management
Authors: Briggs John C. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Among the major oceans of the world, the North Atlantic presents a unique problem in regard to the management of its commercial and recreational fisheries. Almost all of its populations of large-sized, predatory fishes have collapsed to the extent that they no longer play an effective role in the ecosystem. There is a fundamental difference in the biodiversity and present state of the fisheries between the North Atlantic and the North Pacific. Much of the difference is attributable to their contrasting geological and climatic histories. The two oceans had been effectively separated until about 3.5+ million years ago, when the Bering Strait was formed permitting the Great Trans-Arctic Biotic Interchange. During the interchange, hundreds of Pacific species migrated to the Atlantic but only a few in the opposite direction. Although the Atlantic benefitted from the interchange, its species diversity remained relatively low. Today, the North Atlantic, in comparison to the North Pacific, possesses only about half the number of molluscan species, about one third as many fish species, and many fewer species of crabs, shrimp, and shellfish. The low biodiversity of the North Atlantic ecosystem has apparently made it more vulnerable to fishing pressure resulting in a series of population collapses. Many of the overfished populations have become so depleted that their recovery has become questionable. In the marine environment, species invasions and introductions evidently have not caused extinction of native species or loss of biodiversity. Rather than devoting all our efforts toward the restoration of depressed populations, it is suggested that we undertake a proactive management program. Proactive management means the addition of species to low diversity ecosystems in order to decrease annual variation, to increase biodiversity, and to augment overall production.
Demonstration Flow Assessment: Judgment and Visual Observation in Instream Flow Studies
Authors: Railsback Steven F. , Kadvany John 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
The Demonstration Flow Assessment (DFA) method evaluates instream flow benefits using expert judgment and direct observation of habitat during several flows. Early DFA applications were low-effort, qualitative, and vulnerable to well-known biases. We describe a higher-effort, more quantitative DFA (or expert habitat mapping) approach that uses techniques from the judgment-based decision analysis literature to increase objectivity and reproducibility. Specific metrics—habitat types to be quantified visually during flow observations—are designed from appropriate conceptual models of how flow affects target resources. During field observations, patches of each habitat type are delineated by consensus and marked on maps for digital analysis. A case study illustrates these procedures applied to instream flows for salmon spawning and rearing.
Management Concerns about Known and Potential Impacts of Lead Use in Shooting and in Fishing Activities
Authors: Goddard Chris I. , Leonard Nancy J. , Stang Doug L. , Wingate P. Jack , Rattner Barnett A. , Franson J. Christian , Sheffield Steven R. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
We present a summary of the technical review, jointly requested by the American Fisheries Society and The Wildlife Society, addressing the hazards to wildlife resulting from lead objects or fragments introduced into aquatic and terrestrial environments from the use of ammunition and fishing tackle. Impacts from lead are well documented in humans, as well as in terrestrial and aquatic organisms. Concern about impacts from lead ammunition and fishing tackle has resulted in the development of non-lead alternatives, educational campaigns, and regulations to restrict their use. This article discusses the general biological impacts of lead exposure from fishing and shooting activities to fish, wildlife, and humans; summarizes existing and proposed regulations to reduce lead exposure to biota; reviews alternatives to lead materials that are currently available for fishing; and outlines options for further actions to reduce wildlife and human exposure to lead from fishing activities.
Misconception, Reality, and Uncertainty about Ecological Interactions and Risks between Hatchery and Wild Salmonids
Authors: Pearsons Todd N. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Hatchery and wild fish advocates often engage in lively debates about the ecological interactions between hatchery and wild fish. Many arguments about ecological interactions between hatchery and wild fish have been fueled by a variety of misconceptions, scientific uncertainties, and differences of unstated objectives. In order to reduce the frequency of unfruitful discussions, it is important to expose a variety of misconceptions and scientific uncertainties about ecological interactions and risk. In addition, it is necessary to synthesize what is currently known about ecological interactions. Seven misconceptions, three realities, and four of the most important scientific uncertainties are described. I conclude that ecological interactions between hatchery and wild fish will occur but whether those interactions are biologically significant, socially acceptable, and whether any impacts are statistically detectable are probably dependant upon the characteristics of the hatchery program, naturally-produced fish, natural environment where hatchery fish are released, and how interactions are evaluated. Large-scale experiments will be necessary to resolve existing scientific uncertainty, but in the mean time, risk assessments, weight-of-evidence and precautionary approaches, and separating technical and policy discussions can be used to improve evaluation and management of ecological interactions between hatchery and wild fish.
The Value of Information in Fishery Management
Authors: Hansen Gretchen J. A. , Jones Michael L. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Fishery management is often characterized by trade-offs among conflicting objectives. One important trade-off exists between investments in assessment (reducing uncertainty) and in implementation of management actions in a system. Resource-intensive assessment programs are often used to inform decision makers, and we argue that the value of these assessments should be measured not only in terms of the information the information they provide, but also relative to other management actions that could be funded in their place. In this article, we illustrate the importance of accounting for all aspects of the value of information using examples drawn from three critical areas of fishery management: invasive species control, commerical fisheries stock assessments, and marine protected area design. We discuss how experts have judged the value of assessment programs in the past, and provide suggestions as to how these methods could be expanded to examine the value of information in a more holistic manner.
Development of New Water Temperature Criteria to Protect Colorado's Fisheries
Authors: Todd Andrew S. , Coleman Mark A. , Konowal Aimee M. , May Melynda K. , Johnson Sarah , Vieira Nicole K. M. , Saunders James F. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Water temperature fundamentally influences aquatic diversity and ecosystem health. In Colorado, temperature water quality criteria were revised in January 2007 based on a rigorous evaluation of the thermal requirements of fish species resident in Colorado. This article presents an account of how this process was conducted, and details the resultant criteria. The purpose of developing these criteria was to protect coldwater and warmwater fishes, especially native species such as cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki), from thermal stress. As such, lethal temperatures and optimal temperature conditions were determined from a literature review for species of the state, and these data were compiled into the Colorado Temperature Database. Acute and chronic thermal thresholds were then calculated for individual fish species. Finally, assemblages of fish were grouped into thermal tiers and temperature criteria were developed based on biological criteria for each assemblage. A case study is presented detailing the integration of science and policy decisions that shaped the development of Colorado's coldwater temperature criteria. Some issues were not resolved during this revision of Colorado's temperature water quality criteria, including protection from thermal shock and from gross changes in diel and seasonal thermal variability.
Mapping the Changing Landscape of Fish-related Journals: Setting a Course for Successful Communication of Scientific Information
Authors: Mather Martha E. , Parrish Donna L. , Dettmers John M. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
In the last 25 years, the number and scope of fish-related journals have changed. New and existing journals are increasingly specialized. Journals that are read and cited are changing because of differential accessibility via electronic databases. In this review, we examine shifts in numbers and foci of existing fish-related journals. We ask how these fish-related metrics differ across type of application, ecological system, taxa, and discipline. Although many journals overlap to some extent in content, there are distinct groups of journals for authors to consider. By systematically reviewing the focus of an individual manuscript, comparing it to the suite of journals available and examining the audience for the manuscript, we believe that authors can make informed decisions about which journals are most suitable for their work. Our goal here is to help authors find relevant journals and deliver scientific publications to the appropriate readership.
How Accurate Are Physicians in the Prediction of Patient Survival in Advanced Lung Cancer?
Authors: Clément-Duchêne Christelle , Carnin Charlotte , Guillemin Francis , Martinet Yves 
Published: June 2010

Abstract

Background.
Because most cases of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are diagnosed at an advanced stage with a poor prognosis, patient inclusion in clinical trials is critical. Most trials require an estimated life expectancy &gt;3 months, based on clinician estimates of patient survival probability, without providing formal guidelines. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of clinicians' predictions of survival in NSCLC patients (stages IIIB, and IV) and the possible impact of patient quality of life on survival estimation.

Methods.
At diagnosis, clinical, biological, and quality of life data (QLQ-C30 questionnaire) were recorded, and doctors “forecast” each patient's estimated survival. Concordance between predicted and actual survival was assessed with the intraclass correlation coefficient.

Results.
Eighty-five patients with a mean age of 62.2 years, 81.1% male, were included (squamous cell carcinoma, 33; adenocarcinoma, 42; large cell carcinoma, 8; neuroendocrine carcinoma, 2). The mean follow-up was 40 months and median survival time was 11.7 (range, 0.4–143.7) weeks. All clinicians (residents, registrars, and consultants) overestimated patient survival time, with a moderate concordance between predicted and actual survival time. A worse global health status was associated with a lower discrepancy between estimated and actual patient survival, and a worse role functioning was associated with a larger difference between estimated and actual patient survival.

Conclusion.
The absence of specific recommendations to estimate patient survival may introduce major selection in clinical studies. Further research should investigate whether the accuracy of patient survival estimates by clinicians would be improved by taking into account patient quality of life.
Community Engagement in Research: Frameworks for Education and Peer Review
Authors: Ahmed Syed M. , Palermo Ann-Gel S. 
Published: June 2010

Community engagement in research may enhance a community's ability to address its own health needs and health disparities issues while ensuring that researchers understand community priorities. However, there are researchers with limited understanding of and experience with effective methods of engaging communities. Furthermore, limited guidance is available for peer-review panels on evaluating proposals for research that engages communities. The National Institutes of Health Director's Council of Public Representatives developed a community engagement framework that includes values, strategies to operationalize each value, and potential outcomes of their use, as well as a peer-review framework for evaluating research that engages communities. Use of these frameworks for educating researchers to create and sustain authentic community–academic partnerships will increase accountability and equality between the partners.
Assessing Physical Activity in Public Parks in Brazil Using Systematic Observation
Authors: Parra Diana C. , McKenzie Thomas L. , Ribeiro Isabela C. , Ferreira Hino Adriano A. , Dreisinger Mariah , Coniglio Kathryn , Munk Marcia , Brownson Ross C. , Pratt Michael , Hoehner Christine M. , Simoes Eduardo J. 
Published: June 2010

Objectives. We assessed park use in Recife, Brazil, and differences in physical activity and occupation rates in public parks with and without the Academia da Cidade Program (ACP), which provides cost-free, supervised physical activity classes. Methods. We used the System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC) in 128 targeted areas in 10 park sites (5 ACP sites, 5 non-ACP sites) to obtain data on the number of users and their physical activity levels and estimated age. Each area was assessed 4 times a day for 11 days over a 4-week period. Results. A total of 32 974 people were observed during 5589 observation visits to target areas. People using ACP parks were more likely to be seen engaging in moderate-to-vigorous (64% vs 49%) and vigorous (25% vs 10%) physical activity. Relatively more participants in ACP sites than in non-ACP sites were females (45% vs 42% of park users) and older adults (14.7% vs 5.7% of park users). Conclusions. On the basis of systematic observation, ACP appears to be a useful strategy in promoting park use and physical activity among the population in Recife.
Responses to Discrimination and Psychiatric Disorders Among Black, Hispanic, Female, and Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Individuals
Authors: McLaughlin Katie A. , Hatzenbuehler Mark L. , Keyes Katherine M. 
Published: June 2010

Objectives. We examined associations between perceived discrimination due to race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, or gender; responses to discrimination experiences; and psychiatric disorders. Methods. The sample included respondents in the 2004–2005 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (n = 34 653). We analyzed the associations between self-reported past-year discrimination and past-year psychiatric disorders as assessed with structured diagnostic interviews among Black (n = 6587); Hispanic (n = 6359); lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB; n = 577); and female (n = 20 089) respondents. Results. Black respondents reported the highest levels of past-year discrimination, followed by LGB, Hispanic, and female respondents. Across groups, discrimination was associated with 12-month mood (odds ratio [ORs] = 2.1–3.1), anxiety (ORs = 1.8–3.3), and substance use (ORs = 1.6–3.5) disorders. Respondents who reported not accepting discrimination and not discussing it with others had higher odds of psychiatric disorders (ORs = 2.9–3.9) than did those who did not accept discrimination but did discuss it with others. Black respondents and women who accepted discrimination and did not talk about it with others had elevated rates of mood and anxiety disorders, respectively. Conclusions. Psychiatric disorders are more prevalent among individuals reporting past-year discrimination experiences. Certain responses to discrimination, particularly not disclosing it, are associated with psychiatric morbidity.
Universal Health Insurance and Health Care Access for Homeless Persons
Authors: Hwang Stephen W. , Ueng Joanna J. M. , Chiu Shirley , Kiss Alex , Tolomiczenko George , Cowan Laura , Levinson Wendy , Redelmeier Donald A. 
Published: June 2010

Objectives. We examined the extent of unmet needs and barriers to accessing health care among homeless people within a universal health insurance system. Methods. We randomly selected a representative sample of 1169 homeless individuals at shelters and meal programs in Toronto, Ontario. We determined the prevalence of self-reported unmet needs for health care in the past 12 months and used regression analyses to identify factors associated with unmet needs. Results. Unmet health care needs were reported by 17% of participants. Compared with Toronto's general population, unmet needs were significantly more common among homeless individuals, particularly among homeless women with dependent children. Factors independently associated with a greater likelihood of unmet needs were younger age, having been a victim of physical assault in the past 12 months, and lower mental and physical health scores on the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey. Conclusions. Within a system of universal health insurance, homeless people still encounter barriers to obtaining health care. Strategies to reduce nonfinancial barriers faced by homeless women with children, younger adults, and recent victims of physical assault should be explored.
The Influence of Family Income Trajectories From Birth to Adulthood on Adult Oral Health: Findings From the 1982 Pelotas Birth Cohort
Authors: Peres Marco A. , Peres Karen G. , Thomson W. Murray , Broadbent Jonathan M. , Gigante Denise P. , Horta Bernardo L. 
Published: June 2010

Objectives. We assessed whether 3 models of life course socioeconomic status (critical period, accumulation of risk, and social mobility) predicted unsound teeth in adulthood among a Brazilian cohort.Methods. Life course data were collected on the 5914 live-born infants in the 1982 Pelotas Birth Cohort study. Participants' oral health was assessed at 15 (n = 888) and 24 (n = 720) years of age. We assessed family income trajectories and number of episodes of poverty in the life course through Poisson regressions, yielding unadjusted and adjusted prevalence ratios for number of unsound teeth at age 24 years.Results. The adjusted prevalence ratio for participants born into poverty was 30% higher than for those who were not. Participants who were always poor had the highest prevalence of unsound teeth; those who were downwardly or upwardly mobile also had more unsound teeth than did other participants, after adjustment for confounders. More episodes of poverty were associated with greater prevalence of unsound teeth in adulthood.Conclusions. Poverty at birth and during the life course was correlated with the number of unsound teeth at 24 years of age.
Gender dimorphism in the exercise-naïve murine skeletal muscle proteome
Authors: Metskas Lauren , Kulp Mohini , Scordilis Stylianos 
Published: June 2010

AbstractSkeletal muscle is a plastic tissue with known gender dimorphism, especially at the metabolic level. A proteomic comparison of male and female murine biceps brachii was undertaken, resolving an average of 600 protein spots of MW 15–150 kDa and pI 5–8. Twenty-six unique full-length proteins spanning 11 KOG groups demonstrated statistically significant (p<0.05) abundance differences between genders; the majority of these proteins have metabolic functions. Identified glycolytic enzymes demonstrated decreased abundance in females, while abundance differences in identified oxidative phosphorylation enzymes were specific to the proteins rather than to the functional group as a whole. Certain cytoskeletal and stress proteins showed specific expression differences, and all three phosphorylation states of creatine kinase showed significant decreased abundance in females. Expression differences were significant but many were subtle (≤ 2-fold), and known hormonally-regulated proteins were not identified. We conclude that while gender dimorphism is present in non-exercised murine skeletal muscle, the proteome comparison of male and female biceps brachii in exercise-naive mice indicates subtle differences rather than a large or obviously hormonal dimorphism.