bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and evaluation of a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based test method for quantitation of total anionic surfactants: advantages against reference methods
Authors: Bidari Araz , Ganjali Mohammad , Norouzi Parviz 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
A small-scale, simple, and rapid dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) procedure in combination with fiber optic-linear array detection spectrophotometry (FO-LADS) with charge-coupled device (CCD) detector has been developed, with benefits from the use of a micro-cell. The official reference methods (ASTM D2330 - 02, ISO 7875-1), which require tedious procedures, were replaced with a modified method. The new method provides a major reduction in sample size, elimination of the use of expensive glassware, and a decrease in the quantity of chloroform used, as well as increased sensitivity. Our method requires only one twentieth of the sample (5.0 mL), and less than one three-hundredth of microextraction solvent (chloroform = 138 µL). It provides a faster analysis time than official analytical methods (less than one minute). The calibration curve was linear in the range of 6–80 µg g L−1 of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) with a correlation coefficient (r) of better than 0.99 and the LOD was 2 µg L−1. The repeatability of the proposed method (n=7) was found to be 4.5% and 3.6% for the concentrations of 0.03 and 0.07 mg L−1, respectively. The enrichment factor was found to be 75 for SDS.
Synthesis and characterization of molecularly imprinted polymer for controlled release of tramadol
Authors: Azodi-Deilamia Saman , Abdoussa Majid , Rezvaneh Seyedib S. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
In this paper, we describe how to prepare a highly selective imprinted polymer by a bulk polymerization technique. We used tramadol as the template, (MAA) as functional monomers, and (EGDMA) as the cross-linker in chloroform as solvent. Results from Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM) show that this imprinted sorbent exhibits good recognition and high affinity for tramadol. Selectivity of molecularly imprinted polympers (MIP) was evaluated by comparing several substances with similar molecular structures to that of tramadol. Controlled release of tramadol from MIPs was investigated through in vitro dissolution tests and by measuring the absorbance at λmax of 272 nm by (HPLC-UV). The dissolution media employed were hydrochloric acid pH 3.0 and phosphate buffers, pH 5.0 and 7.4, maintained at 37 and 25 ± 0.5°C. The results show the ability of MIP polymers to control tramadol release. In all cases, the release of MIPs was deferred for a longer time as compared to NMIP. At a pH of 7.4 and 25°C slower release of tramadol imprinted polymer occurred.
Fluorescent chemosensors for metal ions based on 3-(2-benzoxazol-5-yl)alanine skeleton
Authors: Milewska Magda , Guzow Katarzyna , Wiczk Wiesław 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The ability of new chelate ligands, benzoxazol-5-yl-alanine derivatives substituted in position 2 by heteroaromatic substituent, to form complexes with selected metal ions in acetonitrile are studied by means of absorption and steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. Among the ligands studied, only azaaromatic derivatives form stable complexes with transition metal ions in the ground state. Their absorption bands are bathochromically shifted enabling to use those ligands as ratiometric sensors. The fluorescence of each ligand is quenched by metal ions, however, in the presence of Cd(II) and Zn(II) ions a new red shifted emission band is observed.
Sonochemical synthesis and chracterization of Mn3O4 nanoparticles
Authors: Baykal Abdulhadi , Kavas Hüseyin , Durmuş Zehra , Demir Mine , Kazan Sinan , Topkaya Ramazan , Toprak Muhammet 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
We report on the synthesis of Mn3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) using a novel sonochemical method without requiring any pH adjustment. Synthesized material was identified as tetragonal hausmannite crystal structure model of Mn3O4 from XRD analysis. Crystallite size was estimated from x-ray line profile fitting to be 17±5 nm. FTIR analysis revealed stretching vibrations of metal ions in tetrahedral and octahedral coordination confirming the crystal structure. TEM analysis revealed a dominantly cubic morphology of NPs with an average size of ∼20 nm. Magnetic evaluation revealed a blocking temperature, T B of 40 K above which the material behaves paramagnetic. Asymmetric coercive field is attributed to the interaction between ferromagnetic Mn3O4 and antiferromagnetic Mn oxide at the surface of nanoparticles.
Spectrophotometric study of time stability and acid-base characteristics of chelerythrine and dihydrochelerythrine
Authors: Absolínová Helena , Jančář Luděk , Jančářová Irena , Vičar Jaroslav , Kubáň Vlastimil 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Time stability, acid-base and UV-VIS spectral properties of dihydrochelerythrine (DHCHE) were studied spectrophotometrically in water:methanol and water:ethanol media. DHCHE is stable in strongly acid milieu (pH HCl, HNO3, H2SO4, H3PO4 and their mixtures. Remarkable shifts of formation parts of absorbance-pH (A-pH) curves to the alkaline medium were observed depending on the type and concentration of inert electrolyte (most remarkable for HNO3 and HCl). The corresponding equilibrium constants pKR+ of the transition reaction between charged iminium Q+ and uncharged QOH (pseudo-base, 6-hydroxy-dihydro derivative) forms of chelerythine were calculated using a numerical interpretation of A-pH curves by a SQUAD-G computer program which ranged from 8.51–9.31. The highest changes of ΔpK R+ (0.75 and 0.53) were observed for H3PO4 and H2SO4, respectively. The priority effect of ionic species and ionic strength was confirmed in the presence of additions of NaCl and KCl. The strength of interaction of CHE with biomacromolecular compounds (i.e., peptides, proteins, nucleic acids etc.) may be affected because of the observed influence of both cation and anion of the inert electrolyte on acid-base behavior.
Chromatographic separation of In(III) from Cd(II) in aqueous solutions using commercial resin (Dowex 50W-X8)
Authors: Massoud Ayman , Abou El-Nour F. , Killa H. , Seddik U. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This work assesses the potential of an adsorptive material, Dowex 50w-x8, for the separation of indium ions from cadmium ions in aqueous media. The adsorption behavior of Dowex 50 w-x8 for indium and cadmium ions was investigated. The effect of pH, initial concentration of metal ions, the weight of resins, and contact time on the sorption of each of the metal ions were determined. It was found that the adsorption percentage of the indium ions was more than 99% at pH 4.0. The result shows that In (III) was most strongly extracted, while Cd(II) was slightly extracted at this pH value. The recovery of In(III) and Cd(II) ions is around 98% using hydrochloric acid as the best eluent.
Equilibrium and kinetic study of the proton transfer reactions between nitroalkanes and strong organic bases — phosphazenes in tetrahydrofuran solvent
Authors: Binkowska Iwona , Gałęzowski Włodzimierz , Jarczewski Arnold 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Proton transfer reactions rates between carbon acids 1-nitro-1-(4-nitrophenyl)ethane (NPNE), 2-methyl-1-nitro-1-(4-nitrophenyl)propane (MNPNP)) and phosphazenes (BEMP, BTPP, P1-t-Oct) in tetrahydrofuran have been measured, and the activation parameters were determined. The results are compared with those previously obtained for P1-t-Bu phosphazene, guanidines and amidines.
Could Lymphocyte Caspase-3 Activity Predict Atherosclerotic Plaque Vulnerability?
Authors: Ristić Tatjana , Ćosić Vladan , Vlahović Predrag , Deljanin-Ilić Marina , Đorđević Vidosava 
Published: April 2010

Could Lymphocyte Caspase-3 Activity Predict Atherosclerotic Plaque Vulnerability?Apoptotic cell death may play a critical role in a variety of cardiovascular diseases, especially in those developing on the basis of atherosclerosis. The goal of this study was to compare the activity of caspase-3 in different forms of ischemic heart disease and to correlate caspase-3 activity with inflammatory and lipid markers as well as risk factors. This enzyme activity was determined in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of 30 patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP), 27 with unstable angina (USAP), 39 with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and 27 healthy volunteers by a colorimetric commercially available ELISA method. In the SAP group caspase-3 activity was 0.093±0.036 μmol/mg protein, in patients with STEMI it was 0.110±0.062 μmol/mg protein, and both values were insignificantly higher in comparison with controls (0.092±0.022 μmol/mg protein). In PBMC of USAP patients caspase-3 activity (0.122±0.062 μmol/mg protein) was significantly higher (p<0.05) compared to the control group. In SAP patients caspase-3 activity showed a significant positive correlation with triglicerydes (p<0.05). Caspase-3 activity may be a valid parameter for assessing the atherosclerotic plaque activity, and a new target for therapeutic intervention.
Using of T-Spot.TB and Mantoux tests in diagnosis of M. tuberculosis infection in BCG vaccinated children aged five and younger
Authors: Ozere Iveta , Skenders Ģirts , Līduma Iveta , Bobrikova Olga , Lauska Zita , Skangale Anita , Jagmane Anita , Kalniņa Vita , Leimane Vaira 
Published: April 2010

Using of T-Spot.TB and Mantoux tests in diagnosis of M. tuberculosis infection in BCG vaccinated children aged five and younger
Infection with M. tuberculosis (MT) is difficult to diagnose in young BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) vaccinated children using Mantoux test alone, as a positive test result may be due to infection with MT and previous BCG vaccination. We aimed to test the T-SPOT. TB test for BCG-vaccinated children aged five and younger in two groups — with or without contact with an active tuberculosis (ATB) patient. Prospectively a study group of 121 children (having contact with ATB patient) and a control group of 64 children (without known contact with ATB patient) were examined using Mantoux and T-SPOT. TB tests. The T-SPOT. TB test was positive in 66 (54.5%) study group children and in 2 (3.1%) control group children (P < 0.01). Induration in the Mantoux test ≥ 10 mm was observed in 62 (91.0%) of 68 T-SPOT. TB positive children, and 34 (29.1%) of 117 T-SPOT. TB negative children (P < 0.01). In the group with a negative T-SPOT. TB result boosting of the Mantoux test was observed in 21 (66%) of 32 children who had received repeated Mantoux testing before being included in the study. According to the results, the application of the T-SPOT. TB test is reasonable for primary contact children evaluation and follow-up contact children for whom primary tests did not confirm infection with MT.
Changes of total annual runoff distribution, high and low discharges in Latvian rivers
Authors: Apsīte Elga , Bakute Anda , Rudlapa Ilze 
Published: April 2010

Changes of total annual runoff distribution, high and low discharges in Latvian rivers
The paper examines climate change impacts on the hydrological regime of nineteen different river basins in Latvia. Hydrological data series for the period of 1951-2006 were analysed for river basins of four hydrological districts: Western, Central, Northern and Eastern. Climate change has influenced the temporal and spatial distribution of total annual river runoff and high and low flows in Latvia at the turn of century. The results confirm the hypothesis that the main tendency in the run-off change is a decrease in spring floods and increase in winter. Generally, statistically insignificant long-term trends were observed for summer and autumn.
History of mycobiota research of Latvia: Chronology till the middle of the 20th century
Authors: Vimba Edgars 
Published: April 2010

History of mycobiota research of Latvia: Chronology till the middle of the 20th century
The paper is mainly devoted to mycological studies in Latvia. Since historically there was a strong link between mycological and phytopathological investigations, the paper includes also information on phytopathological studies in Latvia.
Development of Pterygoquadrate Complex in the Embryogenesis of Sand Lizard, Lacerta Agilis (Reptilia, Squamata)
Authors: Yarygin A. 
Published: April 2010

Development of Pterygoquadrate Complex in the Embryogenesis of Sand Lizard,Lacerta Agilis(Reptilia, Squamata)Serial sections of 15L. agilisembryos on the successive developmental stages, stained with hematoxylin-eosin or alcian blue and hematoxylin-eosin, were examined. It was found that cartilaginous pterygoquadrate complex ofL. agilisconsists of four parts: quadrate cartilage, pterygoquadrate cartilage, pterygoid process, and processus ascendens. Pterygoquadrate cartilage and pterygoid process are reduced in prenatal ontogenesis, but not earlier than underlying pterygoid bone is developed. The processus ascendens becomes the first cartilaginous parts of this complex, and then the other elements undergo chondrification. Basipterigoid process is formed by two independent parts: aboral part of cranial trabeculas and basipterigoid cartilage. Meniscus pterygoideus is an independent structure, but not a rudiment of the pterygoid process. A previously unrecorded cartilage was revealed and a name basipterigoid cartilage is proposed for it.
New Species of the Genus Eurytoma (Hymenoptera, Eurytomadae) from Ukraine and Israel
Authors: Zerova M. , Seryogina L. 
Published: April 2010

New Species of the Genus Eurytoma (Hymenoptera, Eurytomadae) from Ukraine and Israel
Two new species: Eurytoma kuslitzkyi Zerova, sp. n. from Israel and Eurytoma cornuta Zerova, sp. n. from Ukraine are described. The first species belongs to the robusta species group, and differs from other species of this group by the structure of the mesosternal shelf with two projections. The second species belongs to the compessa species group and differs from all other species of this group by the sharp corn on mesopleura.
Europe’s southernmost glaciers: response and adaptation to climate change
Authors: Grunewald K. , Scheithauer J. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe southernmost glaciers in Europe are located on the Iberian, Apennine and Balkan Peninsulas in mid-latitudes between 41° N and 44° N at altitudes ranging from 2000 to 3000 m a.s.l. All these glaciers are a legacy of the Little Ice Age (LIA). They survive in a relatively warm environment (mean annual temperature 0°C to +1°C) due to local topographic controls and high levels of accumulation as a result of avalanche and wind-blown snow. In the Pirin Mountains, Bulgaria, Snezhnika glacieret has been cored, providing an archive of recent climate change. Small glaciers such as this respond quickly to climatic extremes. Since the LIA maximum during the 19th century, all southern European glaciers have retreated, losing 30–100% of their volume. However, despite the trend towards warmer years since the late 1970s, some glaciers still survive, even after some of the hottest summers on record. Predicted future warming, especially in summer, and drier conditions in the Mediterranean basin may result in the disappearance of all glacier features at these latitudes in Europe within the next few decades.
A peak-capturing measurement circuit for detecting and recording short-duration glacial signals
Authors: Kavanaugh Jeffrey L. , Moore Peter L. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA simple circuit has been developed to allow measurement of brief subglacial water-pressure pulses. This circuit continuously powers a pressure transducer and captures the peak output of the transducer during each measurement interval, thus allowing determination of the maximum pressure attained during the interval. This circuit provides an alternative to setting a data logger to perform rapid repeated measurements, and overcomes some key limitations imposed by rapid measurement. Benefits include significantly lower demands on the data-logger microprocessor, which allows additional instruments to be monitored simultaneously, reduced memory usage and moderately lower power consumption. The reduced microprocessor and memory loads allow older and slower logger models, many of which are still in common use, to be used to obtain data that compare favourably with high-frequency data obtained using newer data loggers.
Le sujet- « je » dans l'écrit universitaire aux Etats-Unis : le débat « expressiviste »
Authors: Donahue Christiane 
Published: April 2010

Dans le contexte particulier de l’enseignement de l’écriture universitaire aux États-Unis, plusieurs manières d’utiliser la première personne dans les écrits coexistent. Cet usage du « je », souvent défendu avant l’université est alors permis dans les cours d’initiation à l’écriture universitaire en première année, mais il se trouve de nouveau proscrit dans les cours disciplinaires des années suivantes. Pour les spécialistes de la théorie de la composition, la présence du « je » dans les textes d’étudiants est liée aux débats entre les « expressivistes » et ceux qui cherchent à étudier l’étudiant-écrivain comme celui qu’on initie à l’écriture académique-universitaire. Une fausse dichotomie s’ensuit, entre le « je »-toujours-personnel et l’écriture académique supposée effacer le « je ». En même temps, les spécialistes de l’écriture en première année s’opposent à l’expertise des membres des diverses disciplines. La façon dont le « je »-grammatical représente un « soi » est au cœur de ces débats, sans mettre en question cette relation, qui est loin d’être automatique.
Démarches pédagogiques dans l'enseignement des langues et cultures d'origine
Authors: Fargeas Catherine 
Published: April 2010

Pour qui fréquente les élèves issus de l’immigration, ou nouvellement arrivés, la question de la langue et de la culture d’origine n’est pas anodine. Comment peut y répondre l’école sans stigmatiser ces élèves ? Deux expérimentations menées dans les classes de l’Essonne, l’une dans un cours d’Elco marocain, l’autre en CLIN, ainsi que des propositions de démarches s’appuyant sur la musique, les faits de langue et la littérature, sont présentées. Toutes ces actions se fondent sur l’idée qu’il est possible et nécessaire d’amener les élèves à découvrir certains objets culturels de leurs cultures d’origine et à réfléchir sur les contacts des cultures d’origine et du pays d’accueil. Cette pédagogie à visée interculturelle s’inscrit dans le constat de la pluralité de nos sociétés et prône une éducation à la diversité et à l’altérité.
Statut et usages de la notion de genre en didactique (s)
Authors: Reuter Yves 
Published: April 2010

L’article soulève plusieurs problèmes épistémologiques et méthodologiques, en pointant le risque constant de partir d’une prédéfinition lors de la construction du genre, surtout quand il s’agit de le cerner dans une perspective didactique. Au delà des caractéristiques internes, il situe la construction des genres au croisement des systèmes scolaire, pédagogique et disciplinaire, eux-mêmes en lien avec les sphères extrascolaires. Il propose enfin les entrées suivantes pour explorer la notion : la question de l’échelle de référence (genres, sous-genres et hypergenres) ; l’articulation entre genres et pratiques ; l’analyse de ce que le genre prescrit et proscrit ; la manière dont les genres apparaissent ou disparaissent.
Chronique « culture jeune ». Deux regards sur les contrecultures et cultures jeunes
Authors: Bruno Pierre 
Published: April 2010

Le poids de la tradition des cultural studies explique, en comparaison avec la production scientifique française, le nombre important d’études anglophones portant sur la question des contrecultures (spécifiques aux nouvelles générations ou pas). Sans doute, aucun des ouvrages publiés ces dernières années ne peut prétendre répondre aux multiples interrogations des enseignants, parents et autres médiateurs culturels ; pour autant, certains d’entre eux permettent indéniablement une avancée des connaissances.
De la critique au consensus : l'effet Compagnon
Authors: Bernadet Arnaud 
Published: April 2010

Le Démon de la théorie est le symptôme de notre époque : une histoire et une critique de la critique, qui aboutissent à une forme de révisionnisme, de scepticisme et de relativisme. En mesurant les différentes thèses qui se sont affrontées depuis les années soixante devant la littérature, pour les renvoyer dos à dos, Antoine Compagnon replace la question même de la valeur dans l’orbite du gout : une esthétique fondée sur une éthique et une politique du consensus.
Il manque des indéfinis ! ou comment l'oral nous oblige à revoir la description des indéfinis
Authors: Cappeau Paul 
Published: April 2010

Cet article esquisse quelques-unes des questions que la description des pronoms indéfinis soulève quand le travail d’analyse prend appui sur des corpus (en particulier oraux). Plusieurs problèmes sont soulevés : la difficulté à bien cerner la classe des indéfinis (problème discuté dès le 17 e siècle) dont le contour sémantique est bien vague, l’interrogation liée au statut de certaines formes (par exemple comment traiter les gens en face de tout le monde ), l’analyse que certaines tournures (comme il y en a qui sont capables de tout ) très présentes à l’oral (et quasi absentes de l’écrit) doivent recevoir, l’importance quantitative très inégale des formes recensées. Ces divers facteurs permettent d’envisager comment une grammaire bâtie sur l’usage devrait être organisée. Plus globalement l’article montre quel type de réflexion le travail grammatical doit susciter.
Donner sens à l'activité grammaticale
Authors: Renvoisé Claire 
Published: April 2010

Développer les compétences d’écriture chez des élèves de collège implique de les faire progresser à la fois en grammaire et en orthographe, et réciproquement. Cependant ce double apprentissage se réduit souvent à une activité univoque d’étiquetage et de mémorisation de règles, puis à leur application dans des exercices décontextualisés, pour enfin espérer leur transfert dans des tâches d’écriture plus ou moins autonomes. Or la pratique de classe dément cette approche de la langue. Nous montrons ainsi qu’il est nécessaire de redonner sens à l’analyse grammaticale par un travail d’écriture et de réécriture en contexte qui permet de répondre à cette double exigence : construire des connaissances en langue et assurer la construction cohérente d’un texte. À travers une expérience de réécriture guidée avec une classe de cinquième de collège, nous observons ainsi que les élèves (12-13 ans) parviennent à s’approprier de nouveaux savoirs grammaticaux, à se constituer un répertoire de procédés linguistiques et à développer une réflexion métalinguistique mieux ajustée aux problèmes d’écriture.
Patrimoine littéraire et écrivaines francophones
Authors: Chaulet Achour Christiane 
Published: April 2010

Sous forme de libre-propos, cette contribution propose un survol de questions souvent abordées : nécessité de faire leur place aux écrivaines dans l’histoire de la littérature et nécessité de les intégrer dans une formation pour une transmission équilibrée. Elle s’appuie sur deux références incontournables : Virginia Woolf et Béatrice Didier. Peut alors être abordé l’autre volet de son propos : l’introduction et le choix d’écrivaines francophones dans l’enseignement, avec les écueils à éviter et les choix à privilégier. Deux exemples sont développés : ceux d’Andrée Chédid et de Maryse Condé.