bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental and numerical investigation into micro‐flow cytometer with 3‐D hydrodynamic focusing effect and micro‐weir structure
Authors: Hou Hui‐Hsiung , Tsai Chien‐Hsiung , Fu Lung‐Ming , Yang Ruey‐Jen 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis study presents a novel 3‐D hydrodynamic focusing technique for micro‐flow cytometers. In the proposed approach, the sample stream is compressed initially in the horizontal direction by a set of sheath flows such that it is constrained to the central region of the microchannel and is then focused in the vertical direction by a second pair of sheath flows. Thereafter, the focused sample stream passes over a micro‐weir structure positioned directly beneath an optical detection system to capture polystyrene beads fluorescent signal. The microchannel configuration and operational parameters are optimized by performing a series of numerical simulations. An experimental investigation is then performed using a micro‐flow cytometer fabricated using conventional micro‐electro‐mechanical systems techniques and an isotropic wet etching method. The results indicate that the two sets of sheath flows successfully constrain the sample stream within a narrow, well‐defined region of the microchannel. Furthermore, the micro‐weir structure prompts the separation of a mixed sample of 5 and 10 μm polystyrene beads in the vertical direction and ensures that the beads flow through the detection region of the microchannel in a sequential fashion and can therefore be reliably detected and counted.
Slope dynamics of Lake Albano (Rome, Italy): insights from high resolution bathymetry
Authors: Bozzano Francesca , Mazzanti Paolo , Anzidei Marco , Esposito Carlo , Floris Mario , Fasani Gianluca Bianchi , Esposito Alessandra 
Published: July 2009

AbstractNew detailed data about the morphology of the submerged slopes of Lake Albano (Rome, Italy) have been collected by a sonar multibeam survey financed by the Italian Department of Civil Protection. These data allow for investigation of the subaqueous slope dynamics of the lake, which partially fills a volcanic depression, and the elucidation of the relationships between subaqueous and subaerial slope processes. Subaerial, submerged and combined subaerial/submerged landslide‐related morphologies were detected around the inner slopes of the lake. In the submerged slopes, several gravity‐induced landforms were recognized: landslide scar areas, landslide accumulations, erosional chutes and channels, block fields, isolated blocks, scarps and slope breaks. An attempt to evaluate the state of activity of the submerged slopes was carried out by taking into consideration the relative freshness of some selected landforms. Interpretation of bathymetric data, as well as direct surveys of the subaerial slopes, was used to assess the morphometric features and interpret the type of movement of the landslides. We propose a comprehensive classification based on the landslide's size and type of movement. We recognized rock fall/topples, debris flows, rock slides and slump, complex rock slides/channelled flows and debris slide and slump. The volume of the main landslides ranged between 101 and 103 m3, while a few rock and debris slides have volumes ranging between 103 and 105 m3. Two large palaeo‐landslides with volumes on the order of 106 m3 were identified in the southern and northern part of the lake, respectively. Velocities of the recognized landslides range from rapid to extremely rapid. Two main landslide hazard scenarios have been depicted from the results of the integrated analysis of both subaerial and submerged gravity‐induced landforms. The most hazardous scenario involves extremely rapid large volume events (>106 m3) that could, if they interacted with water, induce catastrophic tsunamis. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Channel sedimentation and erosion of the Jiangsu reach of the Yangtze River during the last 44 years
Authors: Jian Wang , Shibiao Bai , Ping Liu , Yanyan Li , Zhengrong Gao , Guixian Qu , Guangjie Cao 
Published: July 2009

AbstractRiver channel sedimentation in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River can be affected by both changes in sea level and changes in solid discharge from the upper river. To evaluate dynamic changes of sedimentation and erosion in the Jiangsu reach of the Yangtze River (about 330 km in length) from 1959 to 2003, databases were designed and constructed using a digital elevation model (DEM) of channel topography based on the Jiangsu River Relief Map for 1959, 1970, 1985, 1992, and 2003. The results indicated that the main course of the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province had experienced an obvious switch from sedimentation to erosion status around 1985 because of the decreasing amount of solid load from the upper parts of the river channel after that year. The sedimentation process in the main course of the Jiangsu reach of the Yangtze River demonstrated the propulsive process of ‘downstream‐ward aggradations.’ Between 1985 and 2003, the erosion rate of the lower segment was greater than those of the middle and upper segments; this is probably because both channel flow and tide current had influenced the lower segment. When channel flow combines with tide current in the same direction, channel erosion can be intensified, especially if there is a solid load shortage in the channel. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Suspended sediment transport and deposition over a dune: Río Paraná, Argentina
Authors: Kostaschuk Ray , Shugar Dan , Best Jim , Parsons Dan , Lane Stuart , Hardy Rich , Orfeo Oscar 
Published: July 2009

AbstractField data from the Rio Paraná, Argentina, are used to examine patterns of suspended sediment transport over a sand dune. Measurements of three‐dimensional velocity are made with an acoustic Doppler current profiler whilst suspended sediment concentration and particle size have been quantified using a laser in situ sediment scattering transmissometer. Suspended sediment concentration and streamwise and vertical sediment flux are highest close to the bed, with an upward vertical flux over the stoss side of the dune and downward flux over the lee side. Suspended sediment concentrations are higher over the crest compared with the trough and suspended sediment is coarsest near the bed. About 17% of the suspended‐load transported over the crest is deposited in the lee side before it reaches the trough. Most of this deposited sand is coarser sediment that originates close to the bed over the crest, a result consistent with simulations based on the model of Mohrig and Smith (Water Resources Research 1996; 32: 3207–3217) for the excursion lengths of sediment dispersed in the lee side of a dune. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sulphonated Tetramethyl Poly(ether ether ketone)/Epoxy/Sulphonated Phenol Novolac Semi‐IPN Membranes for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells
Authors: Fu T. Z. , Liu J. , Cui Z. M. , Ni J. , Zhang G. , Yu H. B. , Zhao C. J. , Shi Y. H. , Na H. , Xing W. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe sulphonated phenol novolac (PNBS) which was used as a curing agent of epoxy was synthesised from phenol novolac (PN) and 1, 4‐butane sultone and confirmed by FTIR and 1H NMR. The degree of sulphonation (DS) in PNBS was calculated by 1H NMR. The semi‐IPN membranes composed of sulphonated tetramethyl poly(ether ether ketone) (STMPEEK) (the value of ion exchange capacity is 2.01 meq g–1), epoxy (TMBP) and PNBS were successfully prepared. The semi‐IPN membranes showed high thermal properties which were measured by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA). With the introduction of the cross‐linked TMBP/PNBS, the mechanical properties, dimensional stability, methanol resistance and oxidative stability of the membranes were improved in comparison to the pristine STMPEEK membrane. Although the proton conductivities of the semi‐IPN membranes were lower than those of the pristine STMPEEK membrane, the higher selectivity defined as the ratio of the proton conductivity to methanol permeability was obtained from the STMPEEK/TMBP/PNBS‐14 semi‐IPN membrane. The results indicated that the semi‐IPN membranes could be promising candidates for usage as proton exchange membranes in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs).
Volatility components: The term structure dynamics of VIX futures
Authors: Lu Zhongjin , Zhu Yingzi 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn this study we empirically study the variance term structure using volatility index (VIX) futures market. We first derive a new pricing framework for VIX futures, which is convenient to study variance term structure dynamics. We construct five models and use Kalman filter and maximum likelihood method for model estimations and comparisons. We provide evidence that a third factor is statistically significant for variance term structure dynamics. We find that our parameter estimates are robust and helpful to shed light on economic significance of variance factor model. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 30:230–256, 2010
Detection of Lewy body disease in patients with late‐onset depression, anxiety and psychotic disorder with myocardial meta‐iodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy
Authors: Kobayashi Katsuji , Sumiya Hisashi , Nakano Hiroyuki , Akiyama Noriko , Urata Katsumi , Koshino Yoshifumi 
Published: July 2009

AbstractPurposeLewy body disease (LBD) is comprised of a spectrum of diseases that includes Parkinson's disease (PD), PD dementia (PDD) and dementia with LBD (DLBD), an array of dementia, and motor symptoms. Low uptake of myocardial meta‐iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) validates diagnosis of LBD. Psychiatric symptoms sometimes precede atypical Parkinsonian syndromes in LBD. Of 34 patients with low MIBG uptake, late‐onset depressive, anxiety, or psychotic symptoms were analyzed in term of clinical profiles.MethodThirty‐four patients were classed into three groups according to three main symptoms, 11 patients with visual hallucination (VH), 13 with depression‐anxiety (DA), and 10 with psychosis with cognitive disturbance (PCD). Cutoff values of heart‐to‐mediastinum (HM) ratio of MIBG were set at 1.78 in early phase or 1.68 in late phase.ResultsGroup VH patients showed a trend toward higher age at onset and occipital lobe hypoperfusion. Group DA patients lacked central and core features of DLBD and five of them showed frontal lobe hypoperfusion. Group PCD patients had the highest frequencies of suggestive symptoms and UPDRS scores and showed temporal lobe hypoperfusion. HM ratio was not associated with clinical profiles of three groups. Cognitive function was more severely disturbed in atypical Parkinsonian syndrome cases at an initial visit.ConclusionGroup VH was considered to DLBD, and Group PCD was regarded as PDD or DLBD with early psychotic presentation. Group DA has a possibility of early depression or anxiety disorder of LBD although it lacked DLBD criteria. Atypical Parkinsonian syndromes are associated with cognitive disturbance irrespective of psychiatric profiles. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cancellation of EEG and MEG signals generated by extended and distributed sources
Authors: Ahlfors Seppo P. , Han Jooman , Lin Fa‐Hsuan , Witzel Thomas , Belliveau John W. , Hämäläinen Matti S. , Halgren Eric 
Published: July 2009

AbstractExtracranial patterns of scalp potentials and magnetic fields, as measured with electro‐ and magnetoencephalography (EEG, MEG), are spatially widespread even when the underlying source in the brain is focal. Therefore, loss in signal magnitude due to cancellation is expected when multiple brain regions are simultaneously active. We characterized these cancellation effects in EEG and MEG using a forward model with sources constrained on an anatomically accurate reconstruction of the cortical surface. Prominent cancellation was found for both EEG and MEG in the case of multiple randomly distributed source dipoles, even when the number of simultaneous dipoles was small. Substantial cancellation occurred also for locally extended patches of simulated activity, when the patches extended to opposite walls of sulci and gyri. For large patches, a difference between EEG and MEG cancellation was seen, presumably due to selective cancellation of tangentially vs. radially oriented sources. Cancellation effects can be of importance when electrophysiological data are related to hemodynamic measures. Furthermore, the selective cancellation may be used to explain some observed differences between EEG and MEG in terms of focal vs. widespread cortical activity. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The knowledge economy: emerging organizational forms, missing microfoundations, and key considerations for managing human capital
Authors: Felin Teppo , Zenger Todd R. , Tomsik Joshua 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn this paper we outline an increasingly predominant, “communal,” perspective of the emerging knowledge economy and explore its emphasis on various nonmarket mechanisms of production. Although the communal perspective suggests organizational forms, governance mechanisms, and knowledge processes that may facilitate knowledge creation and knowledge transfer, we argue that it misses the seemingly contradictory trends of organizational disaggregation and the foundational importance of market mechanisms in knowledge creation. We contrast and partly reconcile these two perspectives of the knowledge economy and highlight key considerations related to the microfoundations of knowledge and human capital management. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
HR practices, interpersonal relations, and intrafirm knowledge transfer in knowledge‐intensive firms: a social network perspective
Authors: Kaše Robert , Paauwe Jaap , Zupan Nada 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe adopt the social network perspective to develop a conceptual model and examine the relationship among human resource (HR) practices, interpersonal relations, and intrafirm knowledge transfer in knowledge‐intensive firms. Our results indicate that work design, along with training and development HR practices, can shape the structural relation. At the same time, both also exhibit potential for shaping affective and cognitive relations within a firm's social network. While the effects of work design along with training and development HR practices on intrafirm knowledge transfer are primarily mediated by interpersonal relations, we found some evidence for arguing that incentives and motivation HR practices directly affect intrafirm knowledge transfer. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The vital liaison role of host country nationals in MNC knowledge management
Authors: Vance Charles M. , Vaiman Vlad , Andersen Torben 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis paper broadens the conceptualization of multinational corporation (MNC) knowledge management to include the importance of active involvement in a liaison role by host country nationals (HCNs), particularly those working directly with expatriates. Based on our field research and work experience in international settings as well as current research literature, we identify and consider several beneficial components of this liaison role in local knowledge management, including cultural interpreter, communication facilitator, information resource broker, talent developer, and change partner. We also call for future research to help build upon our present model and to provide practical guidance in human resource (HR) policy and practice to help organizations take advantage of this potentially valuable liaison role. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An optimised water intake with the presence of submerged vanes in irrigation canals
Authors: Moghadam Mehdi Karami , Keshavarzi Ali Reza 
Published: July 2009

AbstractOne of the problems at most water intakes is accumulation of sediment at the entrance and changing of flow talweg path at the water intake. Submerged vanes are small hydraulic structures that are used for flow and sediment control on the bed of rivers. The submerged vanes may be installed individually or in a group with different arrangements. In this study, a group of submerged vanes are installed at the entrance of a rounded edge 55° water intake with parallel and zigzag arrangements. The vanes' installation angles were selected to be 10, 20, 30 and 40° to the flow direction. The sedimentation pattern at the entrance of the water intake and the amount of sediment entering into the lateral channel were measured after experimental tests. From the experimental study, the optimum vane angle for the above‐specified water intake was found to be 30°. Also the parallel arrangement was found to be the best arrangement for the submerged vane. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antibacterial coatings on titanium implants
Authors: Zhao Lingzhou , Chu Paul K. , Zhang Yumei , Wu Zhifen 
Published: July 2009

AbstractTitanium and titanium alloys are key biomedical materials because of their good biocompatibility and mechanical properties. Nevertheless, infection on and around titanium implants still remains a problem which is usually difficult to treat and may lead to eventual implant removal. As a result, preventive measures are necessary to mitigate implant‐frelated infection. One important strategy is to render the implant surface antibacterial by impeding the formation of a biofilm. A number of approaches have been proposed for this purpose and they are reviewed in this article. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
Characterization and cytocompatibility of surface modified polyamide66
Authors: Shen Juan , Li Yubao , Zuo Yi , Zou Qin , Li Jidong , Huang Di , Wang Xiaoyan 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe chemical modification of polyamide66 (PA66) membrane by graft polymerization with methacrylic acid (MAA) was initiated under ultraviolet light. Subsequently, covalent immobilization of bioactive surface was obtained by coupling gelatin to the MAA graft chains with the aid of a water‐soluble carbodiimide (WSC). The existence of carboxyl groups grafted on PA66 surface was verified quantitatively by UV–vis spectroscopy. The chemical composition, surface topography, and wettability were investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) technique, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and water contact angle (WCA) measurement. Results showed that the WCA changed from the original value of 67.5° to the minimum value of 30° after grafting with PMAA. Original PA66 displayed a smooth surface morphology [root mean square (RMS) roughness was around 16 nm]. The modified PA66 surface exhibited an increase in roughness (RMS roughness around 21 nm). Simultaneously, the original and modified PA66 membranes were cultured with MG63 cells to investigate their cytocompatibility. The in vitro biological evaluation demonstrated that the immobilization of gelatin on PA66 membrane acted as a good template for the attachment and proliferation of cells. Also, the less toxic reagents and the moderate reaction conditions involved will be very helpful for the introduction of functional groups onto polymer surface. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
Porous keratin scaffold–promising biomaterial for tissue engineering and drug delivery
Authors: Srinivasan Balaji , Kumar Ramadhar , Shanmugam Kirubanandan , Sivagnam Uma Tiruchirapalli , Reddy Neelakanta Puily , Sehgal Praveen Kumar 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA porous keratin scaffold, prepared from the reduced keratin solution, has shown good cell viability which makes it a potential candidate for cell seeding. An aqueous solution of reduced keratin was extracted from horn meal using a mixture of urea, sodium dodecyl sulfate, mercaptoethanol, and water at 60°C. The molecular mass of the extracted keratin is found to be ranging between 225 and 150 KDa. The CD spectrum of aqueous solution of keratin shows the presence of ∞‐helical structure with β‐turns as negative absorption band at 225 nm and as positive absorption band at 195 nm. The FTIR spectrum of the same confirms ∞‐helical structure with β‐turns. Its characteristic absorption bands are assigned mainly to the peptide bonds for amide I, II, and III respectively. DSC and TGA data of the reduced keratin peaks fall in region 200°C–250°C and 200°C–400°C temperatures, respectively. They correspond to the ∞‐helix denaturation of the material. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010
Immobilization, stabilization, and activation of human stem cell factor (SCF) on fragmin/protamine microparticle (F/P MP)‐coated plates
Authors: Kishimoto Satoko , Oonuma Fumie , Nakamura Shingo , Hattori Hidemi , Nakamura Shin‐ichiro , Mori Yasutaka , Tanaka Yoshihiro , Harada Yasuji , Tagawa Masahiro , Ishihara Masayuki 
Published: July 2009

AbstractFragmin (low‐molecular‐weight heparin)/protamine microparticles (F/P MPs) immobilize to culture plates, thereby retaining the binding of heparin‐binding cytokines such as human stem cell factor (SCF). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of F/P MP‐coating to immobilize, stabilize, and enhance SCF‐activity. Cell assays showed that SCF and preimmobilized SCF on F/P MP‐coated plates significantly stimulated the proliferation of human erythroleukemia cell line TF‐1 in a concentration‐dependent manner. Heparin and fragmin enhanced SCF‐induced proliferation of chlorate‐treated TF‐1 cells, in which the biosynthesis of endogenous sulfated polysaccharides was blocked, on noncoated plates at a range of concentrations (2–8 μg/mL). However, heparin and fragmin had no effect on SCF‐induced proliferation of chlorate‐treated TF‐1 cells on F/P MP‐coated plates. The interaction of SCF with fragmin and F/P MPs prolonged the half‐life of SCF bioactivity, and immobilized and protected SCF from inactivation, such as from heat and proteolysis. These results suggest that F/P MP‐coated plates protect SCF and enhance its activity, and F/P MP‐coating provides an excellent biomaterial to immobilize and retain heparin‐binding cytokines, including SCF, in bioactive form for optimal expansion of hematopoietic cells. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010