bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ICAR ATRP of methyl methacrylate catalyzed by FeCl3·6H2O/succinic acid
Authors: Wang Guoxiang , Lu Mang , Liu Yongbing 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn this work, methyl methacrylate (MMA) was polymerized by initiator for continuous activator regeneration (ICAR) atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) method to obtain low molecular weight living polymers. The ATRP initiator was ethyl 2‐bromoisobutyrate, the catalyst ligand complex system was FeCl3·6H2O/succinic acid, and the conventional radical initiator 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile was used as a thermal radical initiator. Polymers with controlled molecular weight were obtained with ppm level of Fe catalyst complex at 90°C in N,N‐dimethylformamide. The polymer was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of the obtained poly (methyl methacrylate) were measured by gel permeation chromatography method. The kinetics results indicated that ICAR ATRP of MMA was a “living”/controlled polymerization, corresponding to a linear increase of molecular weights with the increasing of monomer conversion and a relatively narrow polydispersities index. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Structural changes in organosolv lignin during its reaction in an alkaline medium
Authors: El Mansouri Nour‐Eddine , Vilaseca Fabiola , Salvadó Joan 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe observed the behavior of organosolv lignin (ORS) from Miscanthus sinensis in an alkaline medium in a microreactor set. We determined the structural changes of the reacted ORS in terms of phenolic hydroxyl, aliphatic hydroxyl, methoxyl, carbonyl, weight‐average molecular weight (Mw), number‐average molecular weight (Mn), and polydispersity of all of the reacted ORSs. The techniques we employed were Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H‐NMR spectroscopy, organic gel permeation chromatography, and the oximating method. We used response surface methodology to study the effects of the temperature and reaction time (tr) on the lignin properties. The reaction conditions studied were temperatures of 116–180°C and tr's of 18–103 min. The modeled response surfaces showed that the two factors affected the lignin properties within the ranges studied. The hydroxyl and carbonyl groups increased when the severity of the treatment was increased. Mw, Mn, and solid yield percentage decreased when the severity of the treatment was increased. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Strength and cytotoxicity in glass‐fiber‐reinforced denture base resin with changes in the monomer
Authors: Kim Hak‐Hu , Kim Myung‐Joo , Kwon Ho‐Bum , Jun Lim Young , Kim Seong‐Kyun , Koak Jai‐Young 
Published: April 2012

AbstractGlass fibers (GFs) are often used to strengthen denture base resins. An increase in the GF content can result in severe viscosity, bunching of the GFs, and difficulty in the handling and packing of the poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) resin. To ensure better impregnation of the GFs and improvements in the workability, more methyl methacrylate is needed as the percentage of GFs is increased. The purpose of this study was to determine adequate powder/liquid ratios according to the GF ratios to reinforce with GFs and to evaluate the effect of probable residual monomer on the cytotoxicity and mechanical properties of PMMA denture base resin reinforced with different ratios of GFs. Five specimens were made according to the defined powder/liquid ratios. Ten specimens for each group were prepared with a stainless steel mold. The flexural strength (FS) and elastic modulus were measured with a three‐point bending test in a universal testing machine. To examine changes in toxicity with time, three types of specimens for each group were fabricated and immersed for 0, 24, and 72 h in distilled water after polymerization. The cytotoxicity was evaluated with an agar overlay test. The workability was improved, and the FS and elastic modulus of the denture base resin reinforced with GFs were made significantly higher with increases in the amount of monomer. There was no difference between the control group and the GF‐reinforced groups with regard to the cytotoxicity, despite the increasing monomer concentration. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Water‐absorption characteristics of organic–inorganic composite superabsorbent polymers and its effect on summer maize root growth
Authors: Bo Zhou , Renkuan Liao , Yunkai Li , Tao Gu , Peiling Yang , Ji Feng , Weimin Xing , Zhichao Zou 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAdding inorganic materials in SAPs to synthesize organic–inorganic composite superabsorbent polymers (OICSAPs) can effectively improve salt‐tolerance, gel strength, thermal stability, and water retention. However, most researches mainly focus on synthesizing process optimization and new multifunctional products, lacking reports on how ions affected water‐absorption characteristics and mechanism of OICSAPs and its influence on summer maize root growth. On the basis of these, we set up laboratory experiments and field cultivation experiment, using environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) and fractal theory to study the questions above. Results show that OICSAPs have better salt‐tolerance, while cations and concentration affected its water‐absorption characteristics significantly. With higher cation valence, larger ionic radius, and concentration, its water‐absorption rate reduced remarkably as Na+ < K+ < Mg2+ < Ca2+ < Fe2+ < Fe3+ < Al3+ < Cu2+, while the effects of anions could be neglected. The OICSAPs presented typical honeycomb membrane‐like 3D crosslinked network structure, but Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Al3+, and Cu2+ would damage the structure (Cu2+ with the most significant effect) in local microdomain, and changed the complexity of pores. In the experiment, higher concentration could reduce water‐absorption rate without changing micromorphological characteristics. Applying OICSAPs will reduce total length, surface area, and volume of summer maize root, while promoting absorbing and transmitting ability by larger root diameter and the proportion of root <0.5 cm. All these results will provide a theoretical basis on application, marketing, and product development of OICSAPs. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Simultaneous determination of drugs in human autopsy material using phase‐optimized liquid chromatography
Authors: Oertel R. , Pietsch J. , Arenz N. , Zeitz S. G. , Goltz L. , Kirch W. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTIn legal medicine in many cases drugs are detected in autopsy material without connection to the cause of death, and until now no further investigations have taken place. In our study more than 50 drugs were measured directly in several compartments. The deceased had received continual therapeutic treatment, treatment during an operation or an unsuccessful emergency therapy. Liquid–liquid extraction and an LC‐MS/MS method were developed for the determination of these drug concentrations. When measuring many transitions in a biological matrix, two problems should be excluded: ion suppression and too few measurement points per peak. A relatively short operation time and sufficient separation were achieved by column, eluent and gradient optimization with POPLC (phase‐optimized liquid chromatography). Various autopsy materials from about 170 cases were investigated. In particular, in nine cases with four or more simultaneously determined drugs, their distribution in the compartments is very interesting for pharmacokinetic examinations. The distribution patterns of the drugs in the compartments of one individual deceased were compared. This meant that the great differences between subjects that are normally encountered these studies could be excluded. Measurements of drug concentrations in human autopsy material deepens knowledge of the respective drugs' pharmacokinetics. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sorption‐Enhanced Steam Reforming of Ethanol: Thermodynamic Comparison of CO2 Sorbents
Authors: Wu Y. J. , Díaz Alvarado F. , Santos J. C. , Gracia F. , Cunha A. F. , Rodrigues A. E. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA thermodynamic analysis is performed with a Gibbs free energy minimization method to compare the conventional steam reforming of ethanol (SRE) process and sorption‐enhanced SRE (SE‐SRE) with three different sorbents, namely, CaO, Li2ZrO3, and hydrotalcite‐like compounds (HTlc). As a result, the use of a CO2 adsorbent can enhance the hydrogen yield and provide a lower CO content in the product gas at the same time. The best performance of SE‐SRE is found to be at 500 °C with an HTlc sorbent. Nearly 6 moles hydrogen per mole ethanol can be produced, when the CO content in the vent stream is less than 10 ppm, so that the hydrogen produced via SE‐SRE with HTlc sorbents can be directly used for fuel cells. Higher pressures do not favor the overall SE‐SRE process due to lower yielding of hydrogen, although CO2 adsorption is enhanced.
Purification of β‐Galactosidase by Ion Exchange Chromatography: Elution Optimization Using an Experimental Design
Authors: Oliveira de Medeiros F. , Veiga Burkert C. A. , Juliano Kalil S. 
Published: April 2012

Abstractβ‐Galactosidase is an enzyme industrially used to hydrolyze milk lactose, generating dairy products destined for people intolerant to this sugar. Its importance is due to its galactosiltransferase activity. The effects of elution pH and salt gradient volume were evaluated for purification of β‐galactosidase by ion exchange chromatography using an experimental design and response surface techniques. The best conditions for purification of β‐galactosidase were pH 5.5 with an elution volume of 62.8 mL, obtaining a yield of 85.5 % and a 12‐fold increase in the purification factor in a one‐step chromatography process. Purification of β‐galactosidase by application of a single stage of ion exchange and evaluation of the important process parameters using an experimental design provided good results in the recovery and purification factor that could subsequently be scaled up.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Beryllium Halides in Liquid Ammonia: The Tetraammineberyllium Cation [Be(NH3)4]2+, Its Hydrolysis Products, and the Action of Be2+ as a Fluoride‐Ion Acceptor.
Authors: Kraus Florian , Baer Sebastian A. , Buchner Magnus R. , Karttunen Antti J. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe [Be(NH3)4]2+ ion present in compounds (II) and (III) is structurally characterized by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Features of Two Novel Alluaudite‐Like Arsenates Cd1.16Zn2.34(AsO4)1.5 (HAsO4)(H2AsO4)0.5 and Cd0.74Mg2.76(AsO4)1.5 (HAsO4)(H2AsO4)0.5.
Authors: Stojanovic Jovica , Dordevic Tamara , Karanovic Ljiljana 
Published: April 2012

AbstractSingle crystals of the new compounds Cd1.16Zn2.34(AsO4)1.5 (HAsO4)(H2AsO4)0.5 (I) and Cd0.74Mg2.76(AsO4)1.5 (HAsO4)(H2AsO4)0.5 (II) are hydrothermally synthesized from aqueous mixtures of Cd(OH)2, 5ZnO·2CO3·4H2O, and As2O5 in a molar ratio of 1:1:1 for (I) and Cd(OH)2, MgO, and As2O5 in a molar ratio of 1:2:1 for (II) (autoclave, 473—493 K, 72—96 h, <50% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Thermal Decomposition of LiCa(AlH4)3.
Authors: Liu D. M. , Qian Z. X. , Si T. Z. , Zhang Q. A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe title compound is synthesized by ball‐milling of LiAlH4 and CaCl2 in a molar ratio of 3:1 for 30 h.
ChemInform Abstract: Self‐Assembly of High‐Dimensional Architecture from Strandberg‐Type Polyoxometalate Clusters and Silver Ions.
Authors: Zhang Chun‐Xia , Chen Ya‐Guang , Tang Qun , Zhang Zhi‐Chao , Liu Dan‐Dan , Meng Hua‐Xin 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe new compound Ag12(OH)2(H2O)4KNa (P2Mo5O23)2 is synthesized by the liquid diffusion method at the interface between an ethanolic AgNO3 solution and an aqueous solutions of Na2MoO4 and NaH2PO4 (pH 3 for both solutions, 25 °C, 2 weeks; 35% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: The Heck Reaction of Allylic Alcohols Catalyzed by an Air‐Stable Phosphinito Complex of Palladium(II).
Authors: Sauza Alejandro , Morales‐Serna Jose Antonio , Garcia‐Molina Monica , Gavino Ruben , Cardenas Jorge 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe regioselective method allows access to functionalized aldehydes, ketones and aromatic allylic alcohols thus opening the way to biologically interesting substances.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Annulation: Efficient Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Dihydropyrazoles from Alkynes, Hydrazines, and Aldehydes or Ketones.
Authors: Suzuki Yamato , Naoe Saori , Oishi Shinya , Fujii Nobutaka , Ohno Hiroaki 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe procedure can be used for the preparation of a broad spectrum of pyrazole derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereospecific Cross‐Coupling Between Alkenylboronates and Alkyl Halides Catalyzed by Iron—Bisphosphine Complexes.
Authors: Hashimoto Toru , Hatakeyama Takuji , Nakamura Masaharu 
Published: April 2012

AbstractFormation of the pyrrole derivative (XV) from the bromide (XIV) indicates that the reaction proceeds via radical intermediates.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Synthesis of Aliphatic α,α‐Difluoro‐β3‐amino Esters via a Sonocatalyzed Reformatsky Reaction.
Authors: March Taryn L. , Johnston Martin R. , Duggan Peter J. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe amino acid ester (I) acts as efficient auxiliary in the preparation of various synthetically important title compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Ni‐Catalyzed Multi‐Component Coupling Reaction of Norbornene, Dimethylzinc, Butadiene, and Aldimine.
Authors: Nakamura Toshiyuki , Mori Takamichi , Togawa Mariko , Kimura Masanari 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA combination of a Ni‐catalyst and dimethylzinc activates aldimines which are prepared from aldehydes (I) and primary amines (V) to undergo a multi‐component coupling reaction of norbornene (II), butadiene (III), and a methyl group to form homoallylamines (VI) in reasonable to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Acceleration of Petasis Reactions of Salicylaldehyde Derivatives with Molecular Sieves.
Authors: Shi Xianglin , Hebrault Dominique , Humora Michael , Kiesman William F. , Peng Hairuo , Talreja Tina , Wang Zezhou , Xin Zhili 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe mol.sieves significantly improve the rate and conversion at room temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation of Doubly Deprotonated Carboxylic Acids.
Authors: Braun Manfred , Meletis Panos , Visse Robin 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA variety of doubly deprotonated carboxylic acids readily undergo allylic alkylation with allylic carbonates (I) and (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: The Carbonylation of Phenyl Bromide and Its Derivatives under Visible Light Irradiation.
Authors: Zhong Wen Hui , Cui Ying Na , Li Shen Min , Jia Ying Ping , Yin Jing Mei 
Published: April 2012

AbstractOptimized conditions are developed under very mild photolysis to yield the corresponding esters.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Chloro‐1‐methylpyridinium Iodide, and Efficient Reagent for the Conversion of Alcohols into Alkyl Thiocyanates Both under Solvent and Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Mokhtari Babak , Azadi Roya , Mardani Edris 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe reaction of alcohols with (II) in the presence of the title reagent allows the direct synthesis of alkyl thiocyanates and can be achieved in acetonitrile or under solvent‐free conditions by grinding in a mortar.
ChemInform Abstract: Etherification of Functionalized Phenols with Chloroheteroarenes at Low Palladium Loading: Theoretical Assessment of the Role of Triphosphane Ligands in C—O Reductive Elimination.
Authors: Platon Melanie , Cui Luchao , Mom Sophal , Richard Philippe , Saeys Mark , Hierso Jean‐Cyrille 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAn air‐ and moisture‐stable tridentate ferrocenylphosphane ligand is successfully applied in the Pd‐catalyzed etherification of phenols (II) with hetaromatic chlorides (I) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative C—H Bond Arylation of Thiophenes.
Authors: Hu Peng , Zhang Min , Jie Xiaoming , Su Weiping 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA combination of Ag2CO3 with Pd(O‐Ac)2/PCy3 or Pd(O‐CO‐CF3)2/PCy3 is found to efficiently promote the title reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Benzotropone‐Annulated 1‐Azaazulenes and Related Compounds by Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling/Aldol Condensation Cascade Reaction and Evaluations of Their Cytotoxic Activity Against HeLa S3 Cells.
Authors: Nakatani Makoto , Fujii Hiroyuki , Murafuji Toshihiro , Gunji Takahiro , Ikeda Reiko , Konakahara Takeo , Abe Noritaka 
Published: April 2012

AbstractProducts (III), (IV), and (VI) show strong cytotoxic activities, whereas (IX) does not exhibit any positive effects.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodine Catalyzed Protection of α‐Hydroxy Acids and Its Application for the Synthesis of α‐Hydroxy Lactone.
Authors: Sharma Chinta Mani , Kashyap Bishwapran , Phukan Prodeep 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIodine is found to be an effective catalyst for the protection of α‐hydroxy acids under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of 1,2,4‐Triazole‐Based Peptidomimetics Using Benzotriazole Methodology.
Authors: Hansen Finn K. , Beagle Lucas K. , Todadze Ekaterina , Katritzky Alan R. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAll products are purified by recrystallization.
ChemInform Abstract: BF3·SiO2 Is a Simple and Efficient Lewis Acid Catalyst for the One‐Pot Synthesis of Polyfunctionalized Piperidin‐4‐ones.
Authors: Dindulkar Someshwar D. , Parthiban Paramasivam , Jeong Yeon Tae 
Published: April 2012

AbstractTitle compounds (III) are stereospecifically synthesized by a modified Mannich condensation using silica‐supported boron trifluoride as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium(0)‐Catalyzed Cyclopropane C—H Bond Functionalization: Synthesis of Quinoline and Tetrahydroquinoline Derivatives.
Authors: Rousseaux Sophie , Liegault Benoit , Fagnou Keith 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA direct one‐pot synthesis via ring‐opening/recyclization and subsequent oxidation or hydrogenation is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Oxidative Phosphonylation of Amines under Metal‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Wang Haolong , Li Xincheng , Wu Fan , Wan Boshun 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA method for the regioselective α‐phosphonylation of N‐arylated tetrahydroisoquinolines allows the use of diphenyl and dialkyl phosphonates.
ChemInform Abstract: A Flexible, Convergent Route to Azaoxindoles, Azaindolines, Azaindoles, and Tetrahydroazaquinolones.
Authors: Bacque Eric , El Qacemi Myriem , Zard Samir Z. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractHighly substituted, diverse title compounds are obtainable by cyclization onto pyridine rings of radicals derived from xanthates.
ChemInform Abstract: PPh3‐Catalyzed Knoevenagel Condensation: A Facile Synthesis of 5‐(1H‐Indol‐3‐yl)methylene‐2,2‐dimethyl‐1,3‐dioxane‐4,6‐dione, and Their N‐Alkyl Derivatives by Using PEG‐600 as the Reaction Medium.
Authors: Venkatanarayana Muvvala , Dubey Pramod Kumar 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAn inexpensive, readily available, and efficient catalyst is applied to the synthesis of the title compounds (III) for the first time.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4‐Aryl‐, 2,4‐Diaryl‐ and 2,4,7‐Triarylpyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidines by a Combination of the Suzuki Cross‐Coupling and N‐Arylation Reactions.
Authors: Dodonova Jelena , Skardziute Lina , Kazlauskas Karolis , Jursenas Saulius , Tumkevicius Sigitas 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe preparation of diaryl‐ and triarylpyrimidines is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Borylation Reactions of Alkynes and Arynes.
Authors: Yoshida Hiroto , Kawashima Shota , Takemoto Yuki , Okada Kengo , Ohshita Joji , Takaki Ken 
Published: April 2012

AbstractEasily accessible copper—phosphine complexes serve as catalyst for the formation of different vic‐diborylalkenes from arynes or alkynes.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of D‐Xylose Derived Nitrone with Methyl Acrylates. Synthesis of Chiral Pyrrolidinones and Pyrrolidines.
Authors: Podolan Gabriel , Fisera Lubor , Kozisek Jozef , Fronc Marek 
Published: April 2012

AbstractCycloaddition of nitrone (I) with acrylate (II) leads to isoxazoles (III)—(V) which can be used for the preparation of carbohydrate‐substituted pyrrolidones and pyrrolidines.
ChemInform Abstract: Condensation of Catechin and Epicatechin Incorporating a TBS‐Protecting Group.
Authors: Nakajima Noriyuki , Horikawa Keiko , Takekawa Norimasa , Hamada Masahiro , Kishimoto Takao 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe stereoselective synthesis of catechin and epicatechin dimers is achieved by intermolecular condensation using SnCl4 as Lewis acid.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Evaluation of Some Novel 1,2,4‐Triazole Derivatives for Antimicrobial, Antitubercular and Antiinflammatory Activities.
Authors: Pattan Shashikant , Gadhave Priyanka , Tambe Vishal , Dengale Santosh , Thakur Deepak , Hiremath S. V. , Shete R. V. , Deotarse Pravin 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAmong a variety of triazoles, the derivative (I) shows significant antitubercular activity at all concentrations.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Direct C—H Arylation: Methodology, Selectivity and Mechanism in Oxazole Series
Authors: Verrier Cecile , Lassalas Pierrik , Theveau Laure , Queguiner Guy , Trecourt Francois , Marsais Francis , Hoarau Christophe 
Published: April 2012

AbstractReview: 84 refs.
Modularization and Process Control
Authors: Urbas Leon , Doherr Falk , Krause Annett , Obst Michael 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAnforderungen an die modularisierte Planung und Ausführung von Anlagen der Prozessindustrie stellen aus Sicht der Prozessführung drei Herausforderungen: 1) Die für die Planung mit Konstruktionsmodulen notwendige Standardisierung führt unweigerlich zu höherem Instrumentierungsaufwand. 2) Die Integration der Automatisierung der Module in ein gesamtsystemübergreifendes Prozessführungskonzept erfolgt heute zumeist manuell und ist entsprechend fehleranfällig und zeitaufwendig. 3) Die Prozessführungskonzepte der einzelnen Module müssen derart gestaltet sein, dass aus den lokalen Führungsstrategien eine globale Führungsstrategie abgeleitet werden kann. Anhand einer modularen Forschungsanlage werden verschiedene Lösungsansätze und offene Forschungsfragen diskutiert und bewertet.
Design of a Water‐Soluble Hybrid Nanocomposite of CdTe Quantum Dots and an Iridium Complex for Photoinduced Charge Transfer
Authors: Wang Yu , Li Steve , Kershaw Stephen V. , Hetsch Frederik , Tam Anthony Y. Y. , Shan Guangcun , Susha Andrei S. , Ko Chi‐Chiu , Wing‐Wah Yam Vivian , Lo Kenneth K. W. , Rogach Andrey L. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe report the use of an organo‐iridium dye conjugated with a water‐soluble copolyethylenimine polymer, allowing the hybrid material to be used in combination with thioacid‐coated CdTe quantum dots in an aqueous medium. When they are combined, hot carrier cooling observed in the pure quantum‐dot case is heavily suppressed indicating fast (ps) electron transfer on a timescale that competes with non‐radiative (Auger) relaxation.