bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conductivity of paper containing poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(4‐styrenesulfonate) and multiwall carbon nanotubes
Authors: Montibon Elson , Lestelius Magnus , Järnström Lars 
Published: December 2011

AbstractMultiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were added to a dispersion of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(4‐styrenesulfonate)–dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at various dosage levels (0.1, 0.3, 0.5 wt %). The mixture was characterized in terms of its rheological behavior, and a difference was observed between ultrasonicated and nonultrasonicated mixtures. All the dispersions exhibited shear thinning behavior. Ultrasonication helped to minimize the aggregation of nanotubes in the dispersion. Coating the dispersions onto a commercial base paper on both sides turned the paper into a moderately conductive material with a bulk conductivity level of 10−3 S/cm. The proposed equivalent circuits of the coated papers which were derived from the Nyquist plot of the Impedance Spectroscopy data consist of a resistor connected in parallel to a capacitor. Likewise, the Bode plot showed the behavior of the complex impedance and phase angle of the coated paper as a function of frequency. The I‐V characteristic and the bulk conductivity values of the paper samples are reported. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)—Energy dispersive spectroscopy showed the deposition of the conducting polymer in the fiber network. The tensile indices of all coated papers were slightly higher than that of the base paper. Apart from altering the conductive properties of the paper, opening the way to new uses of the paper, the equivalent circuit behavior of the modified paper allows for the development of other functions, such as sensors or energy storage. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Relationship between intermolecular bonding, nanostructure, phase behavior, and macroscopic physical properties of pressure‐sensitive adhesives based on polyelectrolyte complexes
Authors: (Kiseleva) T. I. Levada , Feldstein M. M. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractCorrelations have been established between mechanisms of molecular interaction, the energy of intermolecular bonds, nanoscopic free volume, phase state, and such macroscopic physical properties as linear and large‐strain viscoelasticity, relaxation, water‐absorbing capacity, and adhesive joint strength of pressure sensitive adhesives based on nonstoichiometric polyelectrolyte complexes. The polyelectrolyte complexes are formed by mixing of a polybase, copolymer of N,N‐dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate with methyl methacrylate and butyl methacrylate (PDMAEMA‐co‐MMA/BMA), with a polyacid, copolymer of methacrylic acid and ethyl acrylate (PMAA‐co‐EA) in the presence of triethyl citrate (TEC) as a plasticizer. Rubber‐like elasticity and pressure sensitive adhesion of the polyelectrolyte complexes on the macroscopic level have been demonstrated to be the result of specific coupling of such generally conflicting properties of polymer materials as sufficiently strong intermolecular cohesion energy with comparatively large free volume (vacant space between neighboring macromolecules) at the nanoscopic scale. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Residual acrylic monomer content of denture base resins with different fiber systems
Authors: Köroǧlu Ayşegül , Özdemir Tonguç , Duru Pamir Ahmet , Usanmaz Ali 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe conversion of monomer to its polymer may not be complete and residual monomer is left over in the polymeric matrix; this, in turn, affects the properties of the polymeric matrix. In this study, we wanted to compare residual monomer content of the unreinforced conventional heat‐polymerized and microwave‐polymerized acrylic resins with those of fiber‐reinforced ones. High performance liquid chromatography was used for the determination of the residual monomer content. Statistical analysis of the results was carried out with a confidence level of 95%. It was observed that conventional heat‐polymerized denture base resin resulted in a relatively higher residual monomer content than the microwaved one. Conventional heat‐polymerized denture base resin with fiber reinforcement caused an increase in the residual monomer content. Furthermore, the change in the residual monomer content of microwave‐polymerized denture base resin with fiber reinforcement was not statistically significant compared with no fiber reinforcement. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Visceral Pigmentation in Three Species of the Genus Scinax (Anura: Hylidae): Distinct Morphological Pattern
Authors: Franco‐Belussi Lilian , De Souza Santos Lia Raquel , Zieri Rodrigo , De Oliveira Classius 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAmphibians share with other ectothermic vertebrates an extracutaneous pigmentary system consisting of melanin‐containing cells in various organs and tissues. We describe the interspecific variation in the visceral pigmentation in three anuran species (Scinax similis, S. fuscovarius, and S. fuscomarginatus). We analyzed the visceral pigmentation of 15 adult males from each species during the reproductive period. The individuals were weighed and measured, and the pigmented visceral cells were classified and documented in stereomicroscope. The shape and amount of pigment cells differed among organs and also among species. Significant differences were detected in the cardiorespiratory system, digestory system, urogenital system, and lumbosacral peritoneum. In the urogenital system, the main difference was observed in the testes, in which only S. fuscomarginatus had varying degrees of pigmentation. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Role of the Sutures in Biomechanical Dynamic Simulation of a Macaque Cranial Finite Element Model: Implications for the Evolution of Craniofacial Form
Authors: Wang Qian , Wood Sarah A. , Grosse Ian R. , Ross Callum F. , Zapata Uriel , Byron Craig D. , Wright Barth W. , Strait David S. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe global biomechanical impact of cranial sutures on the face and cranium during dynamic conditions is not well understood. It is hypothesized that sutures act as energy absorbers protecting skulls subjected to dynamic loads. This hypothesis predicts that sutures have a significant impact on global patterns of strain and cranial structural stiffness when analyzed using dynamic simulations; and that this global impact is influenced by suture material properties. In a finite element model developed from a juvenile Rhesus macaque cranium, five different sets of suture material properties for the zygomaticotemporal sutures were tested. The static and dynamic analyses produced similar results in terms of strain patterns and reaction forces, indicating that the zygomaticotemporal sutures have limited impact on global skull mechanics regardless of loading design. Contrary to the functional hypothesis tested in this study, the zygomaticotemporal sutures did not absorb significant amounts of energy during dynamic simulations regardless of loading speed. It is alternatively hypothesized that sutures are mechanically significant only insofar as they are weak points on the cranium that must be shielded from unduly high stresses so as not to disrupt vitally important growth processes. Thus, sutural and overall cranial form in some vertebrates may be optimized to minimize or otherwise modulate sutural stress and strain. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Surmounting Chemoresistance by Targeting the Y‐Box Binding Protein‐1
Authors: Inoue Ikuyo , Matsumoto Ken , Yu Yingnan , Bay Boon‐Huat 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe Y‐box binding protein 1 (YB‐1), characterized by the presence of the cold shock domain, has been reported to induce chemoresistance in cancer therapy. Chemotherapy is one of the main therapeutic strategies in the treatment of cancer, in addition to surgery, radiation therapy, and hormonal therapy. However, chemoresistance remains a key obstacle to successful cancer management. In this review, we will focus on the role of YB‐1, an important regulator of gene transcription, in cancer therapy and chemoresistance. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis and Antioxidant and Antitumor Activity of Novel Pyridine, Chromene, Thiophene and Thiazole Derivatives
Authors: Fadda Ahmed A. , Berghot Moged A. , Amer Fathy A. , Badawy Doria S. , Bayoumy Nesma M. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract2‐Tosylacetonitrile (1) when reacted with α,β‐unsaturated nitriles 2a–c or a mixture of formaldehyde and 3‐amino‐2‐substituted‐pent‐2‐endinitriles 6a,b yielded pyridine derivatives 3a–c and 9a,b, respectively, while when subjected to react with salicylaldehyde yielded chromene derivatives 4 and 5, subsequently. The behavior of thiocarbamoyl derivative 10 derived from 1 towards some α‐halogenated compounds have been investigated as well as its behavior towards elemental sulfur and phenyl isothiocyanate. Newly synthesized compounds were screened for their antioxidant activity, erythrocytes haemolysis and bleomycin‐independent DNA damage. Some of the tested compounds exhibited promising activities.
Sucrose in aqueous solution revisited, Part 1: Molecular dynamics simulations and direct and indirect dipolar coupling analysis
Authors: Xia Junchao , Case David A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAlthough the crystal structure of the disaccharide sucrose was solved more than 30 years ago, its conformational distribution in aqueous solution is still a matter of debate. We report here a variety of molecular dynamics simulations (mostly of 100 ns) using the GLYCAM06 force field and various water models, paying particular attention to comparisons to NMR measurements of residual dipolar couplings and electron‐mediated spin–spin couplings. We focus on the glycosidic linkage conformation, the puckering phase angle of the fructose ring, and intramolecular hydrogen bonds between the two sugars. Our results show that sucrose is indeed a dynamic molecule, but the crystal conformation is qualitatively the dominant one in dilute solution. A second conformational basin, populated in many force fields, is probably overstabilized in the calculations. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 97: 276–288, 2012.
Risk factors for central bile duct injury complicating partial liver resection
Authors: Boonstra E A , de Boer M T , Sieders E , Peeters P M J G , de Jong K P , Slooff M J H , Porte R J 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

Background
Bile duct injury is a serious complication following liver resection. Few studies have differentiated between leakage from small peripheral bile ducts and central bile duct injury (CBDI), defined as an injury leading to leakage or stenosis of the common bile duct, common hepatic duct, right or left hepatic duct. This study analysed the incidence, risk factors and consequences of CBDI in liver resection.

Methods
Patients undergoing liver resection between 1990 and 2007 were included in this study. Those having resection for bile duct-related pathology or trauma, or after liver transplantation were excluded. Characteristics and outcome variables were collected prospectively and analysed retrospectively.

Results
There were 19 instances of CBDI in 462 liver resections (4·1 per cent). One-third of patients with CBDI required surgical reintervention and construction of a hepaticojejunostomy. Resection type (P &lt; 0·001), previous liver resection (P = 0·039) and intraoperative blood loss (P = 0·002) were associated with an increased risk of CBDI. Of all resection types, extended left hemihepatectomy was associated with the highest incidence of CBDI (2 of 9 procedures).

Conclusion
Patients undergoing extended left hemihepatectomy or repeat hepatectomy were at increased risk of CBDI.
Fetal development of the transverse atlantis and alar ligaments at the craniovertebral junction
Authors: Abe Hiroshi , Ishizawa Akimitsu , Cho Kwang Ho , Suzuki Ryoji , Fujimiya Mineko , Rodríguez‐Vázquez Jose Francisco , Murakami Gen 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAlthough the fetal development of the craniovertebral junction has long been of major interest to embryologists from the viewpoint of segmentation, development of the associated ligaments has received scant attention. Using semiserial horizontal sections from 18 embryos and fetuses (six embryos with a crown‐rump length (CRL) of 20–26 mm or ∼6–7 weeks of gestation; five fetuses with a CRL of 32–58 mm or 8–9 weeks; seven fetuses with a CRL of 90–115 mm or 14–15 weeks) without any abnormalities of cartilage configuration such as atlas assimilation, we studied the ligamentous structures along and around the odontoid process of the axis. The transverse atlantis and alar ligaments originated from a common mesenchymal condensation possibly corresponding to the proatlas segment: the former started to develop slightly earlier than the latter, and the morphologies of both were established at 7 weeks of gestation. Development of the joint cavitation around the odontoid process began in the mid‐anterior area at 6 weeks, but was not fully completed even at 15 weeks (115 mm CRL). The presumptive joint cavity expressed vimentin and CD34 and contained abundant CD68‐positive macrophages. We always found a mid‐anterior joint cavitation facing the basi‐occipital, but the embryological meaning remained unclear. The apical ligament appeared most likely to originate from the notochord sheath. The notochord was exposed from the tip of the odontoid process toward the loose epidural tissue and entered the occipital bone, but was difficult to trace to the anterior surface of the basi‐occipital. Clin. Anat. 25:714–721, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ms2: A Molecular Simulation Tool for Thermodynamic Properties
Authors: Deublein Stephan , Eckl Bernhard , Stoll Jürgen , Lishchuk Sergey V. , Guevara‐Carrion Gabriela , Glass Colin W. , Merker Thorsten , Bernreuther Martin , Hasse Hans , Vrabec Jadran 
Published: December 2011

AbstractDieser Beitrag stellt das molekulare Simulationsprogramm ms2 vor, das zur Berechnung thermodynamischer Stoffdaten von Fluiden im Gleichgewicht dient. Mit ms2 können Stoffdaten von Reinstoffen und Mischungen ermittelt werden, die aus kleinen, elektroneutralen Molekülen bestehen. Es lassen sich Molekulardynamik und Monte‐Carlo‐Simulationen durchführen. Zugängliche Stoffdaten sind unter anderem thermische und kalorische Eigenschaften, Dampf/Flüssigkeits‐Gleichgewichte und Transportgrößen. ms2 ist optimiert auf kurze Antwortzeiten auf unterschiedlicher Hardware und einfache Bedienbarkeit. Hilfsprogramme unterstützen die Verwendung von ms2.
Direct Arylation under Catalysis of an Oxime‐Derived Palladacycle: Search for a Phosphane‐Free Method
Authors: Zhang Guofu , Zhao Xiaobao , Yan Yunbing , Ding Chengrong 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA phosphane‐free method for the direct arylation of benzothiazole by employing oxime‐derived palladacycle 1 as a catalyst was developed. The new catalyst system can be used for 2‐arylations by using aryl bromides and iodides. In addition, this method is especially suitable for the intramolecular direct coupling of bromo‐ and iodoamides, as well aschloroamides, to achieve a rapid synthesis of benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids.
Synthesis of 1,3‐Diarylpropenes through Palladium‐Catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck and Allyl Cross‐Coupling Reactions Using Hydrazones as Ligands
Authors: Mino Takashi , Koizumi Tomoko , Suzuki Saori , Hirai Kiminori , Kajiwara Kenji , Sakamoto Masami , Fujita Tsutomu 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe palladium‐catalyzed synthesis of unsymmetrical 1,3‐diarylpropenes from allyl esters through a Mizoroki–Heck‐type reaction with aryl iodides followed by allyl cross‐coupling with a variety of arylboronic acids was developed; the products are obtained in moderate to good yields by using a hydrazone–Pd(OAc)2 system.
Electrically Heated Electrodes: Practical Aspects and New Developments
Authors: Flechsig Gerd‐Uwe , Walter Anne 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis article comprehensively reviews a selected subfield of thermoelectrochemistry, which bases upon joule‐heated working electrodes. Both directly and indirectly heated electrodes are considered. In all cases, an electric current (AC or DC) is used to elevate the electrode temperature during the electrochemical processes. The development of joule‐heated electrodes started as early as 1966 and was greatly accelerated by Gründler et al. since 1993. However, during the last 5 years the development became even faster, when other groups started to contribute novel approaches and designs on how to implement electrically heated electrodes in capillary electrophoreses and spectroelectrochemistry. To date there are more than 90 publications on heated electrodes.
A Novel Hydrogen Peroxide Sensor Based on the Direct Electron Transfer of Catalase Immobilized on Nano‐Sized NiO/MWCNTs Composite Film
Authors: Shamsipur Mojtaba , Asgari Mehdi , Mousavi Mir Fazlollah , Davarkhah Reza 
Published: December 2011

AbstractMWCNTs‐nanoNiO composite was used as a glassy carbon electrode modifier for construction of a novel catalase nanobiosensor for hydrogen peroxide. The immobilized catalase exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity towards the reduction of H2O2. The resulting amperometric biosensor exhibited a linear response over a concentration range of 200 µM to 2.53 mM with a low detection limit of 19.0 µM. Electrochemical impedance measurements revealed that the modified electrode can be used for the sensitive detection of H2O2. The charge transfer resistance found to decrease significantly after enzymatic reaction of nanobiosensor with H2O2. The resulting impedance was highly sensitive to H2O2 over a linear range of 19–170 nM with a detection limit of 2.4 nM.
Feasibility Study on Direct Counting of Viruses and Bacteria by Using Microelectrode Array
Authors: Ishige Yu , Goto Yusuke , Yanagi Itaru , Ishida Takeshi , Itabashi Naoshi , Kamahori Masao 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA concept of a system is proposed for counting viruses (∼100 nm) and bacteria (∼1 µm) using a sensor array with microelectrodes that are almost the same size as the target. A finite element method simulation theoretically clarified that single targets can be detected using the microelectrode as an 8 % increase in resistance in impedance spectroscopy and a 10 % decrease in redox current in amperometry. In experiments, the polystyrene beads used as model targets were successfully detected in both impedance spectroscopy and amperometry. The results showed that even a 100‐nm target can be detected by optimizing measurement conditions.
Staff and patient safety: Issues surrounding the use of fall‐injury‐protection bedside floor mats at a large southeastern VA medical center community living center
Authors: Bradley Melville 
Published: December 2011

AbstractStaff and patient injuries have been realized secondary to the use of fall‐injury protection bedside floor mats at certain VA hospitals. The purpose of this investigation was to ascertain whether patient and staff injuries occurred at our Veterans Administration Medical Center community living center (CLC) from these mats. A review of the OSHA 300 log, the administration of a questionnaire to staff, and patient safety, Community Living Center, and occupational health staff interviews regarding patient and staff injuries from mats were used in the investigation. Clinical significance was defined as staff or resident injuries from mats, and statistical significance was defined as statistically significant greater odds (Chi square at alpha of 0.05, and 95% odds ratio CIs) of staff being injured from mats versus other equipment in the workspace. The clinically significant criterion of staff and patient injuries from mats was realized; however, there were no statistically significant greater odds of staff injuries from mats compared with other equipment. The introduction of new technology into the patient and staff workspace, such as bedside floor mats, should take into consideration the possibility of creating new workspace hazards and vulnerabilities. End‐user usability testing and feedback should be considered as essential components of an implementation process. Further investigations could focus on underreporting of staff and patient injuries, cost‐‐benefit and risk‐‐benefit analyses with regard to resident injuries and resident injury protection as a function of bedside mats, and investigating other potentially hazardous equipment in the workspace. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A study on the spatial variations in stable isotopic composition of precipitation in a semiarid region of Southern India
Authors: Unnikrishnan Warrier C. , Praveen Babu M. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe stable isotope analysis of all major rain events from Moinabad (MB), Rajendranagar (RN) and Osmanasagar (OS) reservoir, three closely placed locations in Hyderabad, India, were carried out during the 2005 to 2008 period. The OS station recorded the highest amount of rainfall with an average value of 1000 mm, whereas the MB station recorded the lowest average rainfall of 790 mm. The stable isotope (δ18O) values of the precipitation samples during these period varied from −11.43‰ to −0.03‰ for the MB station, −8.21‰ to 0.54‰ for the RN station and −11.47‰ to 0.72‰ for the OS station. The d‐excess of precipitation at the three stations also showed considerable variations and revealed that the precipitation in the region undergoes significant modification through secondary evaporation during its fall. The possible causes for these observed spatial and temporal variations in amount and the isotopic composition of precipitation in a small geographical area within the city were studied. The observed variations may be attributed to the regional scale differences in water budget induced by rapid urbanisation activities in the city coupled with the differences in secondary effects undergone by the falling drops. This study elucidating changes in precipitation patterns in the city and its possible causes may largely help in its water balance calculation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulation of flow and solute coupled 2‐D problems with velocity‐dependent dispersion coefficient based on the network method
Authors: Alhama I. , Soto Meca A. , Alhama F. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe governing equations of coupled density‐driven flow and solute transport problems in porous media, with velocity‐dependent dispersion coefficient, are strongly nonlinear and must be solved numerically. This contribution presents a network model, based on the network simulation method, capable of simulating the transient solution to this kind of problem efficiently and with a relatively low computational time. The mathematical model is formulated using the stream function and concentration variables. Simulation of the network model is carried out in the standard electric circuit simulation code, Pspice. The present model is first applied to simulate the original benchmark Henry problem, and the solution is compared with those obtained by other authors. A study of the grid size is also carried out. In addition, the modified version of Simpson and Clement of the Henry problem, as well as the groundwater flow in the closed desert basin of Pilot Valley, is studied using the proposed model. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.