bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic accuracy of transvaginal ultrasound for non‐invasive diagnosis of bowel endometriosis: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Hudelist G. , English J. , Thomas A. E. , Tinelli A. , Singer C. F. , Keckstein J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo critically analyze the diagnostic value of transvaginal sonography (TVS) for non‐invasive, presurgical detection of bowel endometriosis.MethodsMEDLINE (1966–2010) and EMBASE (1980–2010) databases were searched for relevant studies investigating the diagnostic accuracy of TVS for diagnosing deep infiltrating endometriosis involving the bowel. Diagnosis was established by laparoscopy and/or histopathological analysis. Likelihood ratios (LRs) were recalculated in addition to traditional measures of effectiveness.ResultsOut of 188 papers, a total of 10 studies fulfilled predefined inclusion criteria involving 1106 patients with suspected endometriosis. The prevalence of bowel endometriosis varied from 24 to 73.3%. LR+ ranged from 4.8 to 48.56 and LR− ranged from 0.02 to 0.36, with wide confidence intervals. Pooled estimates of sensitivities and specificities were 91 and 98%; LR+ and LR− were 30.36 and 0.09; and positive and negative predictive values were 98 and 95%, respectively. Three of the studies used bowel preparations to enhance the visibility of the rectal wall; one study directly compared the use of water contrast vs. no prior bowel enema, for which the LR− was 0.04 and 0.47, respectively.ConclusionsTVS with or without the use of prior bowel preparation is an accurate test for non‐invasive, presurgical detection of deep infiltrating endometriosis of the rectosigmoid. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On being aware and accepting: A one‐year longitudinal study into adolescent well‐being
Authors: Ciarrochi Joseph , Kashdan Todd B. , Leeson Peter , Heaven Patrick , Jordan Carlie 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTThe nature and potential benefit of awareness and experiential acceptance in adolescence remains neglected and understudied. To address this gap in the literature, 776 students (50% female) in Grade 10 completed measures of mindfulness, emotional awareness, and experiential acceptance, as well as measures of major personality traits. To study prospective changes, assessments of emotional well‐being were completed across a 1‐year interval. Analyses revealed that “Acting with Awareness” (engaging fully in one's current activity with undivided attention), emotional awareness, and experiential acceptance where all linked to prosocial tendencies and uniquely predicted increases in well‐being across the year. Observing experience (noticing, observing, and attending to a variety of stimuli) was correlated with positive and negative aspects of personality and did not predict changes in well‐being. We discuss the implications for understanding awareness and acceptance in youth.
Feasibility of Robotic Partial Nephrectomy in a UK Cancer Centre
Authors: Alleemudder Adam , Dudderidge Tim , Rao Amrith Raj , Mayer Erik K. , Hrouda David , Vale Justin A. , Khoubehi Bijan 
Published: October 2010

Objective: To present our initial peri-operative and pathological outcome data of 23 patients to establish the feasibility of robotic partial nephrectomy (RPN) in a UK cancer centre. Patient and methods: Clinical data from 23 patients who underwent RPN in a single institution between April 2008 and January 2010 were analysed. The RENAL Nephrometry Scoring System was applied to our series. Results: Mean patient age was 54.6 years with a mean tumour size of 2.53 cm. The median operative time was 198 min and warm ischaemia time (WIT) 30 min. There were two conversions and four patients required transfusion, with no other major complications. Histology confirmed renal cell carcinoma in 17 cases. All surgical margins were negative and to date there have been no local or distant recurrences. A mean RENAL score of 5.56 suggested that all the lesions had a low—moderate complexity and were therefore suitable for partial nephrectomy. Conclusion: RPN achieved acceptable WITs, blood loss and complication rates and oncological outcomes. We conclude that this technique is a feasible alternative to open surgery and conventional laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. The urological community need to establish the place for each technique although surgeon preference is likely to be a significant factor.
“The failed back surgery syndrome”: Definition and therapeutic algorithms — An update
Authors: Van Buyten Jean‐Pierre , Linderoth Bengt 
Published: October 2010

AbstractApproximately 30% of patients experience persistent or recurrent low back and/or pain projecting into the legs following technically adequate lumbosacral surgery. Such pain conditions are often alluded to as the failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS). FBSS represents a significant clinical and economic concern. The treatment of FBSS presents a challenge to physicians, as conservative therapies and spinal reoperations are often unsuccessful — if not a significant cause (besides fibrosis) of the persistent pain syndrome is found at the post‐operative examinations. Neuropathic pain radiating into the leg(s) is often the main component of this persistent and disabling syndrome. In this case, spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has been shown to be a successful therapeutic option. Studies have demonstrated that up to 60% of implanted patients experience 50% or more pain relief following SCS. Moreover, SCS has been shown to improve both quality of life and functional status in a significant number of patients. In order to address the challenge of managing both chronic back and leg pain, a multidisciplinary group of physicians experienced in pain management and spinal surgery assembled to discuss and formulate a treatment strategy for FBSS, based on a systematic review of the literature that focused on the role of SCS. The outcome of these discussions however remained unpublished why an update, taking into account also the moderns technologies has been performed.The development of new treatment algorithms should allow, easier, more rational and effective management of this common and clinically — as well as economically — important problem.
RETHINKING DISEASE IN OTTOMAN HISTORY
Authors: White Sam 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDrawing on a range of recent studies and original sources, this article calls for a revision of the usual paradigm of disease in Ottoman history by applying a more interdisciplinary approach and new insights from environmental history. The historiography of disease in the Middle East developed from the late 1970s to the early 1990s envisioned a steady mortality from inevitable cycles of bubonic plague supposedly accepted with pious resignation by Ottoman Muslims. Focusing on the period from circa 1500 to 1800, the article advances three arguments. First, Ottoman Muslims sometimes did take action to escape or contain epidemics. Second, the region actually suffered from a variety of other infections that together had an equal or greater impact than bubonic plague. Third, shifting political, social, and environmental conditions—especially Little Ice Age climate fluctuations and population movements during the 17th century—played a major role in disease mortality and Ottoman demography.
Acquired immune heterogeneity and its sources in human helminth infection
Authors: BOURKE C. D. , MAIZELS R. M. , MUTAPI F. 
Published: October 2010

SUMMARYSimilarities in the immunobiology of different parasitic worm infections indicate that co-evolution of humans and helminths has shaped a common anti-helminth immune response. However, recentin vitroand immuno-epidemiological studies highlight fundamental differences and plasticity within host-helminth interactions. The ‘trade-off’ between immunity and immunopathology inherent in host immune responses occurs on a background of genetic polymorphism, variable exposure patterns and infection history. For the parasite, variation in life-cycle and antigen expression can influence the effector responses directed against them. This is particularly apparent when comparing gastrointestinal and tissue-dwelling helminths. Furthermore, insights into the impact of anti-helminthic treatment and co-infection on acquired immunity suggest that immune heterogeneity arises not from hosts and parasites in isolation, but also from the environment in which immune responses develop. Large-scale differences observed in the epidemiology of human helminthiases are a product of complex host-parasite-environment interactions which, given potential for exposure to parasite antigensin utero, can arise even before a parasite interacts with its human host. This review summarizes key differences identified in human acquired immune responses to nematode and trematode infections of public health importance and explores the factors contributing to these variations.
First description of monogenean parasites in Lake Tanganyika: the cichlidSimochromis diagramma(Teleostei, Cichlidae) harbours a high diversity ofGyrodactylusspecies (Platyhelminthes, Monogenea)
Authors: VANHOVE MAARTEN P. M. , SNOEKS JOS , VOLCKAERT FILIP A. M. , HUYSE TINE 
Published: October 2010

SUMMARYLake Tanganyika harbours the most diverse endemic cichlid fish assemblage of Africa, but its monogenean fish parasites have not been investigated. Here we report, for the first time, on theGyrodactylusparasites in this hotspot of fish biodiversity. Haptor morphometrics and nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences revealed 3 new species on ZambianSimochromis diagramma: Gyrodactylus sturmbauerin. sp.,G. thysin. sp. andG. zimbaen. sp. Their distinct morphology and strong genetic differentiation suggest that they belong to distant lineages within the genusGyrodactylus, and phylogenetic reconstructions suggest affinities with other genera of gyrodactylids. Additional U-shaped haptoral plates inG. thysin. sp. and a second large spine-like structure in the male copulatory organ ofG. zimbaeseem to represent new features for the genus. Such large diversity on a single host species can probably be explained by host-switching events during the course of evolution, in agreement with the generally accepted concept that ecological transfer is an important aspect of gyrodactylid speciation. Additional parasitological surveys on other host species, covering a broader phylogenetic and geographical range, should clarify the evolutionary history of Gyrodactylidae on cichlids in the African Great Lake and other parts of Africa.
Phylogenetic position of Sphaerospora testicularis and Latyspora scomberomori n. gen. n. sp. (Myxozoa) within the marine urinary clade
Authors: BARTOŠOVÁ PAVLA , FREEMAN MARK A. , YOKOYAMA HIROSHI , CAFFARA MONICA , FIALA IVAN 
Published: October 2010

SUMMARYAn amendment of the family Sinuolineidae (Myxosporea) is proposed in order to include a newly described genus Latyspora n. gen. The type species Latyspora scomberomori n. gen. n. sp. is a coelozoic parasite in the kidney tubules of Scomberomorus guttatus. In addition to the morphological and molecular characterization of L. scomberomori n. gen. n. sp., we also present novel SSU rDNA data on Sphaerospora testicularis, a serious parasite of Dicentrarchus labrax. Performed phylogenetic analyses revealed that both species cluster within the marine urinary clade encompassing the representatives with a shared insertion within their V4 SSU rRNA region and grouping according to the shape of their spores’ sutural line and their similar tissue tropism in the host. Sphaerospora testicularis is the closest relative to Parvicapsula minibicornis within the Parvicapsula subclade and L. scomberomori n. gen. n. sp. is the basal species of the Zschokkella subclade. The phylogenetic position of S. testicularis, outwith the basal Sphaerospora sensu stricto clade, and its morphology suggest it being a non-typical Sphaerospora. The sequence data provided on S. testicularis can help in future revisions of the strongly polyphyletic genus Sphaerospora. We recommend re-sequencing of several sphaerosporids as an essential step before such taxonomic changes are accomplished.
Cytological and molecular description of Hamiltosporidium tvaerminnensis gen. et sp. nov., a microsporidian parasite of Daphnia magna, and establishment of Hamiltosporidium magnivora comb. nov.
Authors: HAAG KAREN LUISA , LARSSON J. I. RONNY , REFARDT DOMINIK , EBERT DIETER 
Published: October 2010

SUMMARYWe describe the new microsporidium Hamiltosporidium tvaerminnensis gen. et sp. nov. with an emphasis on its ultrastructural characteristics and phylogenetic position as inferred from the sequence data of SSU rDNA, alpha- and beta-tubulin. This parasite was previously identified as Octosporea bayeri Jírovec, 1936 and has become a model system to study the ecology, epidemiology, evolution and genomics of microsporidia - host interactions. Here, we present evidence that shows its differences from O. bayeri. Hamiltosporidium tvaerminnensis exclusively infects the adipose tissue, the ovaries and the hypodermis of Daphnia magna and is found only in host populations located in coastal rock pool populations in Finland and Sweden. Merogonial stages of H. tvaerminnensis have isolated nuclei; merozoites are formed by binary fission or by the cleaving of a plasmodium with a small number of nuclei. A sporogonial plasmodium with isolated nuclei yields 8 sporoblasts. Elongated spores are generated by the most finger-like plasmodia. The mature spores are polymorphic in shape and size. Most spores are pyriform (4·9–5·6×2·2–2·3 μm) and have their polar filament arranged in 12–13 coils. A second, elongated spore type (6·8–12·0×1·6–2·1 μm) is rod-shaped with blunt ends and measures 6·8–12·0×1·6–2·1 μm. The envelope of the sporophorous vesicle is thin and fragile, formed at the beginning of the sporogony. Cytological and molecular comparisons with Flabelliforma magnivora, a parasite infecting the same tissues in the same host species, reveal that these two species are very closely related, yet distinct. Moreover, both cytological and molecular data indicate that these species are quite distant from F. montana, the type species of the genus Flabelliforma. We therefore propose that F. magnivora also be placed in Hamiltosporidium gen. nov.
Variation within and among host species in engorgement of larval trombiculid mites
Authors: KUO C.-C. , WANG H.-C. , HUANG C.-L. 
Published: October 2010

SUMMARYWe recovered larval trombiculid mites (i.e. chiggers), vectors of scrub typhus, from small mammal hosts in Taiwan, and compared the relative degree of engorgement (RDE) of the dominant chigger (Leptotrombidium imphalum) from different hosts. Naturally occurring chiggers recovered fromRattus loseaandBandicota indicawere 1·4x and 1·3x as engorged as those fromApodemus agrarius. Within each host species, RDE was negatively related to chigger loads, but was mostly unrelated to gender or to body or reproductive condition of hosts. We documented significant variation in chigger engorgement both within and among host species; to the extent that RDE is a proxy for fitness, this contradicts predictions of the Ideal Free Distribution (IFD) that theper capitafitness of vectors should be similar among hosts. Failure to meet predictions of the IFD may reflect the limited mobility of chiggers, which consequently must be less selective in the hosts on which they feed. Further disease control efforts should consider vector feeding success in addition to vector abundance and may be able to capitalize on the unsuitability of certain hosts in supporting disease vectors.
NixOS: A purely functional Linux distribution
Authors: DOLSTRA EELCO , LÖH ANDRES , PIERRON NICOLAS 
Published: October 2010

AbstractExisting package and system configuration management tools suffer from animperative model, where system administration actions such as package upgrades or changes to system configuration files are stateful: they destructively update the state of the system. This leads to many problems, such as the inability to roll back changes easily, to deploy multiple versions of a package side-by-side, to reproduce a configuration deterministically on another machine, or to reliably upgrade a system. In this paper we show that we can overcome these problems by moving to apurely functional system configuration model. This means that all static parts of a system (such as software packages, configuration files and system startup scripts) are built by pure functions and are immutable, stored in a way analogous to a heap in a purely functional language. We have implemented this model inNixOS, a non-trivial Linux distribution that uses theNix package managerto build the entire system configuration from a modular, purely functional specification.
Autonomic dysfunction in older people
Authors: Marigold J Richard G , Arias Monica , Vassallo Michael , Allen Stephen C. , Kwan Joseph SK 
Published: October 2010

SummaryThe autonomic nervous system comprises the sympathetic, parasympathetic and enteric nervous systems and plays an integral role in homeostasis. This includes cardiovascular and temperature control, glucose metabolism, gastrointestinal and reproductive function and increasing evidence to support its involvement in the inflammatory response to infection and cancer. Ageing is associated with autonomic dysfunction, and many clinical syndromes associated with older adults are due to inadequate autonomic responses to physiological stressors. The aim of this review is to explore the relationship between autonomic dysfunction and ageing illustrated with examples of maladaptive autonomic responses in a variety of different clinical syndromes including an exploration of autonomic cellular changes. Appropriate investigation and management strategies are outlined, recognizing the fine balance needed to improve symptoms without creating further medical complications.
Confabulation in Alzheimer’s disease and amnesia: A qualitative account and a new taxonomy
Authors: LA CORTE VALENTINA , SERRA MARA , ATTALI EVE , BOISSÉ MARIE-FRANÇOISE , DALLA BARBA GIANFRANCO 
Published: October 2010

AbstractClinical and experimental observation have shown that patients who confabulate, especially but not exclusively when provoked by specific questions, retrieve personal habits, repeated events or over-learned information and mistake them for actually experienced, specific, unique events. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to characterize and quantify the relative contribution of this type of confabulation, which we refer to as Habits Confabulation (HC), to confabulations produced by 10 mild Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients and 8 confabulating amnesics (CA) of various etiologies. On the Confabulation Battery (Dalla Barba, 1993a, Dalla Barba & Decaix, 2009), a set of questions involving the retrieval of various kinds of semantic and episodic information, patients produced a total of 424 confabulation. HC accounted for 42% and 62% of confabulations in AD patients and CA, respectively. This result indicates that, regardless the clinical diagnosis, the brain pathology or their lesion’s site, confabulation largely reflects the individuals’ tendency to consider habits, routines, and over-learned information as unique episodes. These results are discussed in the framework of the Memory Consciousness and Temporality Theory (Dalla Barba, 2002). (JINS, 2010, 16, 967–974.)
New Electrostatic Phase Plate for Phase-Contrast Transmission Electron Microscopy and Its Application for Wave-Function Reconstruction
Authors: Schultheiss Katrin , Zach Joachim , Gamm Bjoern , Dries Manuel , Frindt Nicole , Schröder Rasmus R. , Gerthsen Dagmar 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA promising novel type of electrostatic phase plate for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is presented. The phase plate consists of a single microcoaxial cable-like rod with its electrode exposed to the undiffracted electrons. The emerging field is used to shift the phase of the undiffracted electrons with respect to diffracted electrons. The design overcomes the drawback of the spatial frequency-blocking ring electrode of the Boersch phase plate. First, experimental phase-contrast images are presented for PbSe and Pt nanoparticles with clearly varying phase contrast, which depends on the applied voltage and resulting phase shift of the unscattered electrons. With the new phase-plate design, we show for the first time the reconstruction of an object wave function based on a series of only three experimental phase-contrast TEM images obtained with an electrostatic phase plate.
Institutions and economic development: theory, policy and history
Authors: CHANG HA-JOON 
Published: October 2010

Abstract:The article tries to advance our understanding of institutional economics by critically examining the currently dominant discourse on institutions and economic development. First, I argue that the discourse suffers from a number of theoretical problems – its neglect of the causality running from development to institutions, its inability to see the impossibility of a free market, and its belief that the freest market and the strongest protection of private property rights are best for economic development. Second, I point out that the supposed evidence showing the superiority of ‘liberalized’ institutions relies too much on cross-section econometric studies, which suffer from defective concepts, flawed measurements and heterogeneous samples. Finally, I argue that the currently dominant discourse on institutions and development has a poor understanding of changes in institutions themselves, which often makes it take unduly optimistic or pessimistic positions about the feasibility of institutional reform.
Clinician attitudes towards early psychosis intervention: the first 4 years
Authors: Gorrell J. , Cornish A. , Miller V. , Nash L. , Tennant C. , Rosen A. 
Published: October 2010

Objectives  A questionnaire was administered with an aim to assess the attitudes of mental health clinicians towards the adoption of an early intervention approach and to monitor attitudinal change during the introduction of this approach.Method  The perceptions of Early Psychosis Intervention (PEPI) questionnaire was developed and then completed by clinicians at three time points over 4 years during the introduction of a best practice early intervention approach (n=143, 178, 102, respectively).Results  Indicate that at all three time points clinicians generally agreed with the potential advantages of early intervention but were unsure about their own readiness to implement such intervention. Responses to an open‐ended question regarding concerns about the new approach indicated a positive shift up the developmental process of change, from initial concerns about personal skills, resources and workload, to a gradually more specific focus on particular aspects of clinical interventions and on the impact of the new approach.Conclusions  Our services have introduced early psychosis intervention. Clinicians have moved up the developmental process of change. The questionnaire has provided a means for clinicians to influence the change process.