bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La traduction comme méthode :
Authors: Solomon Jon 
Published: August 2010

Résumé Mis à part Shanghai, dont le classement hante les universités de toute la planète, l’Asie de l’Est mérite de nourrir notre réflexion sur les rapports entre institutions d’enseignement supérieur et culture mondiale du commun, en particulier à travers le concept de putonghua , « langue commune », articulé par le révolutionnaire Qu Qiubai (1899-1935). En résis-tance aux fausses évidences de l’anglais langue universelle de l’universitaire mondialisé, c’est alors le travail de traduction , dans sa richesse, son épaisseur et ses multiples facettes, qui apparaît comme au cœur des devenirs des universités.
Agencements versus totalités
Authors: DeLanda Manuel 
Published: August 2010

Résumé Comment modéliser la complexité inhérente à tout groupe humain sans retomber dans une dichotomie entre les niveaux micro- et macro- ? La réponse se trouve selon Manuel Delanda dans le concept deleuzien d’agencement . Cet article vise à en définir les modalités d’application. Rejetant la métaphore de l’organisme, l’agencement définit la relation des parties au tout suivant un principe d’extériorité des relations ; celles-ci doivent être considérées comme contingentes et obligatoires . Afin de penser cette complexité, la condition préalable est de rejeter la causalité linéaire pour la définir comme un processus productif.
Oskar et les Argonautes
Authors: Haesler Aldo , Dobré Michelle 
Published: August 2010

Résumé À partir d’une digression sur le mythe de Jason interprété dans l’ouvrage de Negt et Kluge, Geschichte und Eigensinn (1981), et en jouant sur l’assonance des deux verbes allemands « tauschen » et « täuschen » (échanger et tromper), cette contribution met en lumière le mécanisme complexe du double fétichisme à l’œuvre dans l’échange marchand, tout en questionnant la possibilité d’une forme de résistance « ordinaire » reposant sur les « arts de faire » quotidiens et sur les propriétés anthropologiques de l’échange.
Surveillance, contrôle, gouvernement : l'ADN du contemporain
Authors: Potte-Bonneville Mathieu 
Published: August 2010

Résumé Face à la multiplication des formes de contrôle, quel usage l’émergence actuelle d’une conscience critique peut-elle faire des concepts élaborés autrefois par Michel Foucault ? À partir de l’analyse d’une procédure particulière (les « tests ADN » votés, en 2007, par l’Assemblée nationale), on soutient ici que la nouveauté de notre conjoncture tient d’abord à ce que s’y recombinent, autour d’instruments techniques effectivement inédits, la mémoire de rationalités politiques multiples, auxquelles Foucault consacrait des analyses séparées et qu’il présentait souvent comme historiquement successives.
Avant-propos sur les sociétés de clairvoyance
Authors: Neyrat Frédéric 
Published: August 2010

Résumé Surgeon explicite d’un texte de Deleuze ( Post-scriptum sur les sociétés de contrôle ), cet article tente de montrer l’émergence d’un nouveau type de « sociétés » fondées sur le contrôle préventif du temps. Non réductibles à des techniques de surveillance policière, les « sociétés de clairvoyance » ont un fondement imaginaire qui doit être vigoureusement contesté. Car aucune société n’est viable sans part d’ombre.
L'hypnose de l'à-venir
Authors: Kyrou Ariel 
Published: August 2010

Résumé	Les dispositifs de la sousveillance contemporaine fonctionnent comme des systèmes automatisés de production individualisée de fictions. Soit une nouvelle forme de contrôle toute pleine de bien-être, qui sonne comme l’écho des intuitions du film Minority Report et des nouvelles les plus joliment paranoïaques de Philip K. Dick. Opposant fiction contre fiction, l’auteur développe l’idée que face à ces nouvelles fictions de sécurité et de consommation à vocation normative qui nous habitent sur un mode hypnotique, il convient de créer des contre-fictions, des créations à même de troubler ce jeu de mise au pas normative de notre à-venir.
La littérature est-elle transmissible?
Authors: Fiat Christophe 
Published: August 2010

Résumé Que faut-il transmettre ? Les « ruses » de la littérature, en l’espèce exemplaire des œuvres de Guy Debord, Stephen King et William Burroughs nous indiquent comment il s’agit avant tout de trouver, dans les modes expressifs de la langue, les pouvoirs subversifs d’armes dirigées contre la société de contrôle et ses corollaires normatifs. On pensera ces « armes » dans leur dimension performative et le caractère exceptionnel qu’elle confère à toute action contre une « censure productive » qui ne considère la transmission que sous l’égide du locuteur, de l’enseignant et du producteur.
La personnalité potentielle
Authors: Holmes Brian 
Published: August 2010

Résumé À partir d’un commentaire du travail de l’artiste brésilien Ricardo Basbaum, qui abolit le cadre limitatif de ce qui se présente généralement comme « art » en transformant l’espace d’exposition en un lieu ouvert sur le dehors et l’intervention où chacun peut se repositionner selon des processus de permutation d’identité, l’auteur indique comment « New Bases for Personality » ouvre à une critique de l’autorité telle qu’elle s’exerce dans la présentation de l’œuvre comme dans le milieu plus global des « sociétés de contrôle ». Le détournement des entités structurelles ainsi agencé établit des dynamiques d’auto-organisation et de trans-subjectivations qui manifestent non plus le « profil » localisable d’un public mais l’hétérogénéité de ses expériences.
Much Ado about Adenosine: Adenosine Synthesis and Function in Regulatory T Cell Biology
Authors: Ernst Peter B. , Garrison James C. , Thompson Linda F. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractRecent studies have reported that adenosine is a significant mediator of regulatory T cell (Treg) function. Indeed, activation of the adenosine receptor subtypes expressed by a broad range of immune and inflammatory cells attenuates inflammation in several disease models. This anti-inflammatory response is associated with an increase in intracellular cAMP that inhibits cytokine responses of many immune/inflammatory cells, including T cells and APCs. Thus, adenosine produced by Tregs can provide a paracrine feedback that shapes the host response following an immunologic provocation. This review discusses the evidence that adenosine is an integral part of Treg biology and presents some of the mechanisms that may account for its contribution to the resolution of inflammation and the regulation of the immune/inflammatory cell phenotype.
Colposcopic evaluation of cervix with persistent inflammatory Pap smear: A prospective analytical study
Authors: Dasari Papa , Rajathi S , Kumar Surendra V 
Published: August 2010

Background:
Inflammatory Pap smear is the most common report received by a gynecologist. The cervical screening algorithm for benign cellular changes on the Pap smear recommends treatment of infection if indicated and a repeat Pap smear in 4 to 6 months time. If the inflammatory changes still persist, subject the patient to colposcopy. However, in practice, this is not followed, especially in developing countries like ours where proper screening protocols are not available. Hence, a good number of patients in the premalignant stage are being missed. This study was undertaken to evaluate patients with persistent inflammatory Pap smears without atypia using colposcopy.

Methods:
A prospective analytical study of 150 gynecologial patients with persistent inflammatory Pap smear between 2006 and 2008 in an out-patient setting. All of them were subjected to colposcopy and biopsy from the abnormal areas. The incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)/invasive carcinoma was calculated by proportions/percentages.

Results:
The incidence of invasive carcinoma was <1%. But, the incidence of pre-malignant lesions (CIN) was high (20.9%). CIN 2/3 and carcinoma in situ were present in 6.9% of the cases.

Conclusions:
Patients with persistent inflammatory Pap smears can harbour a high proportion of CIN and hence these patients will need further evaluation.
Adhesion and Mechanical Properties of PNIPAM Microgel Films and Their Potential Use as Switchable Cell Culture Substrates
Authors: Schmidt Stephan , Zeiser Michael , Hellweg Thomas , Duschl Claus , Fery Andreas , Möhwald Helmuth 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThermoresponsive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) microgel films are shown to allow controlled detachment of adsorbed cells via temperature stimuli. Cell response occurs on the timescale of several minutes, is reversible, and allows for harvesting of cells in a mild fashion. The fact that microgels are attached non‐covalently allows using them on a broad variety of (charged) surfaces and is a major advantage as compared to approaches relying on covalent attachment of active films. In the following, the microgels’ physico‐chemical parameters in the adsorbed state and their changes upon temperature variation are studied in order to gain a deeper understanding of the involved phenomena. By means of atomic force microscopy (AFM), the water content, mechanical properties, and adhesion forces of the microgel films are studied as a function of temperature. The analysis shows that these properties change drastically when crossing the critical temperature of the polymer film, which is the basis of the fast cell response upon temperature changes. Furthermore, nanoscale mechanical analysis shows that the films posses a nanoscopic gradient in mechanical properties.
Meningeal T cells associate with diffuse axonal loss in multiple sclerosis spinal cords
Authors: Androdias Géraldine , Reynolds Richard , Chanal Marie , Ritleng Cécile , Confavreux Christian , Nataf Serge 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjectiveA link between diffuse axonal loss and diffuse inflammation has been established in the brain of patients with progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). In the present paper, we sought to determine whether such a link could be similarly demonstrated in the spinal cord of patients with progressive MS.MethodsA neuropathological quantitative assessment of inflammation and axonal loss was performed in the cervical spinal cord of 18 patients with progressive MS and 5 control subjects.ResultsAs previously reported, we found a mean 25% decrease of axonal density in the normal‐appearing white matter (NAWM) of MS versus control spinal cords. T‐cell perivascular infiltrates were rare, but a robust diffuse inflammation was observed in both the normal‐appearing parenchyma and the meninges. The extent of diffuse axonal loss in the NAWM correlated with both the density of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II+ microglia in the NAWM and, surprisingly, the density of CD3+ T cells in the meninges. Interestingly, close interactions between T cells and MHC class II+ macrophages were observed in the meninges of spinal cords from MS patients.InterpretationRecent studies assigned a major role to meningeal B‐cell follicles in the pathophysiology of secondary progressive MS. The present work also emphasizes the link between meningeal inflammation and parenchymal lesions and points to a specific role exerted by both meningeal T cells and activated microglia in diffuse axonal loss in the spinal cord. ANN NEUROL 2010
Synchrotron‐Based Micro‐CT Imaging of the Human Lung Acinus
Authors: Litzlbauer Horst Detlef , Korbel Kathrin , Kline Timothy L. , Jorgensen Steven M. , Eaker Diane R. , Bohle Rainer M. , Ritman Erik L. , Langheinrich Alexander C. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractStructural data about the human lung fine structure are mainly based on stereological methods applied to serial sections. As these methods utilize 2D images, which are often not contiguous, they suffer from inaccuracies which are overcome by analysis of 3D micro‐CT images of the never‐sectioned specimen. The purpose of our study was to generate a complete data set of the intact three‐dimensional architecture of the human acinus using high‐resolution synchrotron‐based micro‐CT (synMCT). A human lung was inflation‐fixed by formaldehyde ventilation and then scanned in a 64‐slice CT over its apex to base extent. Lung samples (8‐mm diameter, 10‐mm height, N = 12) were punched out, stained with osmium tetroxide, and scanned using synMCT at (4 μm)3 voxel size. The lung functional unit (acinus, N = 8) was segmented from the 3D tomographic image using an automated tree‐analysis software program. Morphometric data of the lung were analyzed by ANOVA. Intra‐acinar airways branching occurred over 11 generations. The mean acinar volume was 131.3 ± 29.2 mm3 (range, 92.5–171.3 mm3) and the mean acinar surface was calculated with 1012 ± 26 cm2. The airway internal diameter (starting from the bronchiolus terminalis) decreases distally from 0.66 ± 0.04 mm to 0.34 ± 0.06 mm (P < 0.001) and remains constant after the seventh generation (P < 0.5). The length of each generation ranges between 0.52 and 0.93 mm and did not show significant differences between the second and eleventh generation. The branching angle between daughter branches varies between 113‐degree and 134‐degree without significant differences between the generations (P < 0.3). This study demonstrates the feasibility of quantitating the 3D structure of the human acinus at the spatial resolution readily achievable using synMCT. Anat Rec 293:1607–1614, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reproductive System of Female Scorpion: A Partial Review
Authors: Warburg M.R. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe female scorpion ovariuterus was examined in 10 scorpion species belonging to five families: Buthidae, Vaejovidae, Scorpionidae, Urodacidae, and Diplocentridae. Two main patterns of development are known in scorpions: (1) The apoikogenic type with an ovariuterus containing yolk‐rich eggs housed in follicles. This type is found in many scorpion taxa (largely buthids). A peculiar case of apoikogenic ovariuterus is a “beaded” ovariuterus where most of the ova's embryogenesis takes place inside the ovariuterus rather than on pedicels situated on the external wall of the ovariuterus as in most buthids. This type is found in a few scorpion species. (2) The katoikogenic type with an ovariuterus where the embryo develops in a diverticulum composed of four parts: a stalk (pedicel), a thickened collar, a conical portion containing the ovum, and an appendix containing the oral feeding apparatus where the embryos' chelicerae grip a “teat”‐like structure, described in four families: Hemiscorpiidae, Scorpionidae, Urodacidae, and Diplocentridae. There are three kinds of diverticulae: small rudimentary finger‐like diverticulae, embryonic (ED) large projections, and postpartum diverticulae (PPD) empty diverticulae, which are remnants after parturition. The subject is reviewed and its bearing on reproduction in scorpions are discussed. Anat Rec 293:1738–1754, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dynamic style analysis of Spanish balanced pension plans: A Bayesian approach
Authors: Andreu L. , Gargallo P. , Salvador M. , Sarto J. L. 
Published: August 2010

This paper is focused on the dynamic allocations of Spanish balanced pension plans that invest predominantly in Euro‐zone equities. Applying a Bayesian method to a return‐based style analysis that includes the constraints of the strong version and time‐varying exposures, we provide evidence for no statistically significant changes over time in the main strategic asset allocations, namely, equity assets, long‐term debt and cash allocations. However, we find time‐varying selection abilities, indicating that the value added by managers is not the same over time.Although the investment style tends to be constant in each pension plan, these allocations are variable across plans which allow us to find different subsets of portfolios that present different mean returns and volatilities. Some pension plan features, such as size and type of financial institution that manages the portfolio, have been considered in trying to find concurrent characteristics in each subset. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Total chemical synthesis of human T‐cell leukemia virus type 1 protease via native chemical ligation
Authors: Li Changqing , Li Xiangqun , Lu Wuyuan 
Published: August 2010

AbstractHuman T‐cell leukemia virus 1 (HTLV‐1) protease, a member of the aspartic acid protease family, plays critical roles in the pathogenesis of the virus and is an attractive viral target for therapeutic intervention. HTLV‐1 protease consists of 125 amino acid residues and functions as a homodimer stabilized in part by a four‐stranded β‐sheet comprising the N‐ and C‐termini. Compared with many other viral proteases such as HIV‐1 protease, HTLV‐1 protease is elongated by an extra 10 amino acid residue “tail” at the C‐terminus. The structural and functional role of the extra C‐terminal residues in the catalysis of HTLV‐1 protease has been a subject of debate for years. Using the native chemical ligation technique pioneered by Kent and coworkers, we chemically synthesized a full‐length HTLV protease and a C‐terminally truncated form encompassing residues 1‐116. Enzyme kinetic analysis using three different peptide substrates indicated that truncation of the C‐terminal tail lowered the turnover number of the viral enzyme by a factor of 2 and its catalytic efficiency by roughly 10‐fold. Our findings differ from the two extreme views that the C‐terminal tail of HTLV‐1 protease is either fully dispensable or totally required for enzyme dimerization and/or catalysis. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 94: 487–494, 2010.
Protecting group variations of δ‐mercaptolysine useful in chemical ubiquitylation
Authors: Haj‐Yahya Mahmood , Ajish Kumar K. S. , Erlich Lesly A. , Brik Ashraf 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe high efficiency and chemoselectivity of peptide ubiquitylation that is achieved using the δ‐mercaptolysine prompted us to expand the scope of this residue in various ligation schemes. In this report, we demonstrate the synthesis of five analogues of this important amino acid bearing a variety of protecting groups, which is essential in sequential peptide ligation and ubiquitylation. The key‐step in the synthesis is the nucleophilic 1,4‐addition of a variety of thiols on a nitro olefin scaffold. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 94: 504–510, 2010.
Synthesis and characterization of ester‐based prodrugs of glucagon‐like peptide 1
Authors: De Arnab , DiMarchi Richard D. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPeptides represent a rich natural source of potential medicines with one notable pharmaceutical limitation being their relatively short duration of action. A particularly good example of this phenomenon is glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP), a hormone of appreciable interest for the treatment of type II diabetes. In the native form, GLP demonstrates an extremely short half‐life in plasma and a relatively narrow therapeutic index with gastrointestinal adverse pharmacology. We envisioned a prodrug of GLP as a means to extend the duration of action and broaden the therapeutic index of this peptide hormone. We designed, synthesized, and characterized ester‐based prodrugs of GLP that differentially convert to the parent drug under physiological conditions driven by their inherent chemical instability. In a set of dipeptide extended GLP‐analogs we explored the rate of diketopiperazine (DKP) and diketomorpholine (DMP) formation, and the release of the active peptide. The rate of cleavage was observed to be a function of the conformation of the dipeptide promoiety and the strength of the cyclization nucleophile. Through the careful selection of chemical functionality, a set of GLP ester prodrugs of variable half‐lives has been identified. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 94: 448–456, 2010.
Biological activity of laminin peptide‐conjugated alginate and chitosan matrices
Authors: Yamada Yuji , Hozumi Kentaro , Katagiri Fumihiko , Kikkawa Yamato , Nomizu Motoyoshi 
Published: August 2010

AbstractLaminin active peptide‐conjugated chitosan mambranes have been previously demonstrated as a useful biomaterial for tissue engineering. Here, three laminin active peptides, A99 (AGTFALRGDNPQG), AG73 (RKRLQVQLSIRT), and EF1zz (ATLQLQEGRLHFXFDLGKGR, X: Nle), which interact with integrin αvβ3, syndecans, and integrin α2β1, respectively, were conjugated to alginate and evaluated the biological activities. A99‐alginate (3–3000 ng/mm2) promoted cell attachment depending on the amount of alginate. More than 300 ng/mm2 of the A99‐alginate matrices effectively promoted cell attachment, cell spreading with well‐organized actin stress fibers, and neurite outgrowth. AG73‐ and EF1zz‐alginates promoted strong cell attachment at the all amounts (3–3000 ng/mm2). A99‐alginate (30–3000 ng/mm2) promoted strong neurite outgrowth but lower amounts of A99‐alginate (3 ng/mm2) showed weak activity. In contrast, AG73‐alginates (3–30 ng/mm2) showed strong neurite outgrowth activity but higher amounts of AG73‐alginate (300–3000 ng/mm2) decreased the activity. These data indicate that neurite outgrowth activity of peptide‐alginate matrices is peptide specific and the activity is dependent on the amount of alginate. Further, biological activities of the peptides on alginate and chitosan matrices were different, suggesting that the integrin‐ and syndecan‐mediated cellular functions on the peptide‐matrices are highly influenced by the scaffold structure including polysaccharide types and amounts. The laminin active peptide‐conjugated alginate and chitosan matrices can control receptor type specific functions and are useful for tissue engineering. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 94: 711–720, 2010.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Tryptophan residues: Scarce in proteins but strong stabilizers of β‐hairpin peptides
Authors: Santiveri Clara M. , Jiménez M. Angeles 
Published: August 2010

AbstractTryptophan plays important roles in protein stability and recognition despite its scarcity in proteins. Except as fluorescent groups, they have been used rarely in peptide design. Nevertheless, Trp residues were crucial for the stability of some designed minimal proteins. In 2000, Trp–Trp pairs were shown to contribute more than any other hydrophobic interaction to the stability of β‐hairpin peptides. Since then, Trp–Trp pairs have emerged as a paradigm for the design of stable β‐hairpins, such as the Trpzip peptides. Here, we analyze the nature of the stabilizing capacity of Trp–Trp pairs by reviewing the β‐hairpin peptides containing Trp–Trp pairs described up to now, the spectroscopic features and geometry of the Trp–Trp pairs, and their use as binding sites in β‐hairpin peptides. To complete the overview, we briefly go through the other relevant β‐hairpin stabilizing Trp–non‐Trp interactions and illustrate the use of Trp in the design of short peptides adopting α‐helical and mixed α/β motifs. This review is of interest in the field of rational design of proteins, peptides, peptidomimetics, and biomaterials. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 94: 779–790, 2010.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com