bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and its metabolites in urine by micellar electrokinetic chromatography
Authors: Lokajová Jana , Porras Simo , Elovaara Eivor , Wiedmer Susanne 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
A fast and accurate micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC) method was developed for monitoring N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) exposure. Baseline separation of NMP and its main metabolites: 5-hydroxy-N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (5HNMP), N-methylsuccinimide (MSI), 2-hydroxy-N-methylsuccinimide (2HMSI), and 2-pyrrolidone (2P) was obtained within 6 min in an uncoated fused silica capillary using 5 mM phosphate buffer and 140 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate (pH 7.1) as background electrolyte (BGE). On-line UV-detection was performed at 200 nm and the applied electric field was 400 V cm−1. Possible interference of BGE-induced system peaks on separation was investigated by computer simulation and no such interference was observed. The developed MEKC method combined with solid phase extraction for sample preparation was successfully applied to the analysis of urine of rats exposed to NMP. The urinary excretion was determined in 0–6 h and 6–24 h specimens collected after an intragastic administration of 308 mg NMP / kg rat body weight. The results of NMP disposition kinetics in rat urine are reported for NMP and metabolites.
3-dimensional sundials
Authors: Carlini Enrico , Catalisano Maria , Geramita Anthony 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
R. Hartshorne and A. Hirschowitz proved that a generic collection of lines on ℙn, n≥3, has bipolynomial Hilbert function. We extend this result to a specialization of the collection of generic lines, by considering a union of lines and 3-dimensional sundials (i.e., a union of schemes obtained by degenerating pairs of skew lines).
Poincaré versus Russell sur le rôle de la logique dans les mathématiques
Authors: Detlefsen Michael 
Published: June 2011

Résumé Au début du xx e siècle, Poincaré et Russell eurent un débat à propos de la nature du raisonnement mathématique. Poincaré, comme Kant, défendait l’idée que le raisonnement mathématique était de caractère non logique. Russell soutenait une conception contraire et critiquait Poincaré. Je défends ici l’idée que les critiques de Russell n’étaient pas fondées.
L'infinité des nombres premiers : une étude de cas de la pureté des méthodes
Authors: Arana Andrew 
Published: June 2011

Résumé Une preuve est pure si, en gros, elle ne réfère dans son développement qu’à ce qui est « proche » de, ou « intrinsèque » à l’énoncé à prouver. L’infinité des nombres premiers, un théorème classique de l’arithmétique, est un cas d’étude particulièrement riche pour les recherches philosophiques sur la pureté. Deux preuves différentes de ce résultat sont ici considérées, à savoir la preuve euclidienne classique et une preuve « topologique » plus récente proposée par Furstenberg. D’un point de vue naïf, il semblerait que la première soit pure et la seconde impure. Des objections à cette vue naïve sont ici considérées et réfutées. Concernant la preuve euclidienne, la question relève de la logique, notamment de la définissabilité arithmétique de l’addition en termes de successeur et de divisibilité telle que démontrée par Julia Robinson, tandis qu’en ce qui concerne la preuve topologique, la question relève de la sémantique, notamment pour tout ce qui touche au problème de savoir ce qui est « inclus » dans le contenu d’énoncés particuliers.
Le rôle du contenu géométrique dans le raisonnement diagrammatique d'Euclide
Authors: Mumma John 
Published: June 2011

Résumé Rav (1999 et 2007) et Leitgeb (2009) défendent la thèse de l’autonomie des preuves informelles par rapport aux systèmes formels de preuve. Azzouni (2004, 2005, et 2009), au contraire développe une explication qui réduit les preuves informelles à un réseau de systèmes formels sous-jacents. L’objectif principal de cet article est de démontrer la possibilité d’une position tierce médiane mettant en avant une explication quasi formelle de la méthode de preuve dans les Éléments . L’explication est quasi formelle, plutôt que formelle, en ce qu’elle donne au contenu géométrique un rôle irréductible dans les preuves d’Euclide en ce que ce rôle est sujet à des contraintes formelles. Les inférences qui sont basées sur concepts géométriques ont une occurrence à l’intérieur d’un cadre formel précisément défini.
Fault detection and isolation in linear parameter‐varying descriptor systems via proportional integral observer
Authors: Hamdi H. , Rodrigues Mickael , Mechmeche C. , Theilliol D. , Braiek N. Benhadj 
Published: June 2011

SUMMARYThe main contribution of this paper is the design of a polytopic unknown inputs proportional integral observer (UIPIO) for linear parameter‐varying (LPV) descriptor systems. This observer is used for actuator fault detection and isolation. The proposed method is based on the representation of the LPV descriptor systems in a polytopic form. Its parameters evolve in an hypercube domain. The designed polytopic UIPIO is also able to estimate both the states and the unknown inputs of the LPV descriptor system. Stability conditions of such observer are expressed in terms of linear matrix inequalities. An example illustrates the performances of such polytopic UIPIO. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Morphology and Linear‐Elastic Moduli of Random Network Solids
Authors: Nachtrab Susan , Kapfer Sebastian C. , Arns Christoph H. , Madadi Mahyar , Mecke Klaus , Schröder‐Turk Gerd E. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe effective linear‐elastic moduli of disordered network solids are analyzed by voxel‐based finite element calculations. We analyze network solids given by Poisson‐Voronoi processes and by the structure of collagen fiber networks imaged by confocal microscopy. The solid volume fraction ϕ is varied by adjusting the fiber radius, while keeping the structural mesh or pore size of the underlying network fixed. For intermediate ϕ, the bulk and shear modulus are approximated by empirical power‐laws $ K(\phi) \propto \phi^n$ and $ G(\phi) \propto \phi^m$ with n≈ 1.4 and m≈ 1.7. The exponents for the collagen and the Poisson‐Voronoi network solids are similar, and are close to the values n = 1.22 and m = 2.11 found in a previous voxel‐based finite element study of Poisson‐Voronoi systems with different boundary conditions. However, the exponents of these empirical power‐laws are at odds with the analytic values of n = 1 and m= 2, valid for low‐density cellular structures in the limit of thin beams. We propose a functional form for K(ϕ) that models the cross‐over from a power‐law at low densities to a porous solid at high densities; a fit of the data to this functional form yields the asymptotic exponent n≈ 1.00, as expected. Further, both the intensity of the Poisson‐Voronoi process and the collagen concentration in the samples, both of which alter the typical pore or mesh size, affect the effective moduli only by the resulting change of the solid volume fraction. These findings suggest that a network solid with the structure of the collagen networks can be modeled in quantitative agreement by a Poisson‐Voronoi process.
A Highly Practical and Reliable Nickel Catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling of Aryl Halides
Authors: Zhao Yu‐Long , Li You , Li Shui‐Ming , Zhou Yi‐Guo , Sun Feng‐Yi , Gao Lian‐Xun , Han Fu‐She 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe disclose that [1,3‐bis(diphenylphosphino)methane]nickel(II) chloride [NiCl2(dppp)] is a highly active, universally applicable, cheap, and stable catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reactions of aryl halides with a catalyst loading of lower than 1 mol%, and more notably, in the absence of extra supporting ligands. Under the optimized reaction conditions, a broad range of aryl bromides as well as the notoriously unreactive aryl chlorides, including activated, non‐activated, deactivated, and heteroaromatic and sterically hindered substrates can be coupled smoothly with various boronic acids (47 examples, 48–98% yields). In addition, the transformation is tolerant of various functional groups such as ether, ester, ketone, aldehyde, cyano, and unprotected amino and hydroxy groups. Finally, the potential utilization of the methodology was further demonstrated by the gram‐scale synthesis of several core structures of commercialized antihypertensive drugs and fungicides. Thus, the combination of high activity, broad applicability, cheapness, and high stability of NiCl2(dppp) presented in this work constitutes one of the few prominent catalysts which allow for practical and reliable construction of biaryls and heterobiaryls with structural diversity from readily available aryl halides and boronic acids.
Specters and Images: When the Levees Broke – A Requiem in Four Acts
Authors: Parasher Prajna 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTSpike Lee's When the Levees Broke: A Requiem in Four Acts (2006) is examined as a witnessing on the national scale of the trauma felt by those who experienced flooding in the aftermath of Katrina. The premise is that national acknowledgment of the wound, and this mourning, can only happen as the silence following trauma is drawn into public discourse. Spike Lee does this with a variety of interlocking filmic techniques including archival footage, interviews, vistas of devastation and commentary through music. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bollywood as Witness: Changing Perceptions of Mental Illness in India (1913–2010)
Authors: Malik Mansoor , Trimzi Imran , Galluci Gerard 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTIndian cinema, affectionately known as Bollywood, makes more movies than Hollywood and is hugely influential in shaping social attitudes in the Indian subcontinent and many other parts of the world. In order to study depiction of mental illness, we searched anthology of Indian movies from 1930s up to the present. We divided this period into four arbitrary sections based on the broader political and socio‐economic climate in India. Movie plots were analyzed and information about the attitudes towards mental illness, accuracy and depiction of mental illness and the treatment methods portrayed was extracted. The key findings of the study were that attitudes towards mental illness in Indian cinema paralleled the broader political and socio‐economic trends in Indian society. In the age of political idealism, mental illness was portrayed as benign and amusing. With increasing political corruption and instability, mentally ill characters were depicted as cruel, deviant and psychopathic. The portrayal of mental illness is often inaccurate and exaggerated, keeping in line with the hyperbolic nature of Indian cinema. With increasing political and economic stabilization, attitudes are changing once again. Recent movies display more sympathy and understanding towards characters with mental illness. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Judgmental extrapolation and market overreaction: On the use and disuse of news
Authors: Andreassen Paul B. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe tendency of future stock prices to revert toward the mean of past prices was originally explained by the market overreaction hypothesis, which assumed that recent media reports cause investors to underuse base rate information. However, assuming that investors underweigh older stores of financial information cannot readily explain why mean reversion occurs primarily in January among former losers. An alternative psychological model based on intuitive time‐series extrapolation is presented. Investors' forecasts are held to vary as a function of the relative salience of, first, the recent versus the older levels of the price series, and second, the trend component of the price series. News reports, as normally provided by the media, are assumed to affect investors' forecasts by increasing the salience of any trend. Results of two market simulation experiments provided support for this assumption. Ways in which salience effects might account for the anomalies of the mean reversion phenomena are discussed.
Fermentation medium for collagenase production by Penicillium aurantiogriseum URM4622
Authors: Lima Carolina A. , Viana Marques Daniela A. , Neto Benício Barros , Lima Filho José L. , Carneiro‐da‐Cunha Maria G. , Porto Ana L. F. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractMedium composition and culture conditions for maximal collagenase production by Penicillium aurantiogriseum URM4622 were optimized using a response surface approach. A full two‐level design on three factors (initial medium pH, soybean flour concentration, and temperature) was employed to identify the most significant fermentation parameters for collagenase production, and a subsequent central composite design (CCD) was used to find the optimal levels of the two most significant factors (initial medium pH and soybean flour concentration). The design results indicated that the initial medium pH and the temperature had significant negative main effects, whereas the substrate concentration had a positive effect on the collagenase production. The maximum collagenolytic activity predicted by the fitted response surface was expected to occur at pH 7.21, 1.645% soybean flour concentration and 24°C. Three replicate experiments were run at these conditions and yielded an activity response of 283.36 ± 1.33 U, which not only is the highest obtained in this study but also represents a 5‐fold increase over the lowest response observed in the initial design. Since all experiments were carried out with an inexpensive substrate, the final results point out to a cost‐effective medium for collagenase production with potential industrial‐scale applications. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2011
Immobilized purple bacteria for light‐driven H2 production from starch and potato fermentation effluents
Authors: Tekucheva Darya N. , Laurinavichene Tatyana V. , Seibert Michael , Tsygankov Anatoly A. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe goal of the study was to show that immobilized purple bacteria could photoproduce H2 using dark fermentation effluent (FE) as substrate. Simple pretreatment of an inexpensive glass–fiber matrix accelerated the immobilization process. Photobioreactors (PhBR) containing immobilized Rhodobacter sphaeroides GL produced 0.128 L H2 h−1 L−1 of PhBR volume (0.570 L h−1 L−1 of matrix) for up to 3 months when continuously fed artificial media with volatile fatty acids (VFAs) or FE from potato and starch fermentations. Hydrogen production was insensitive to NH4+ up to 1 mM and saturated at 8 mM lactate or 1.5% potato FE (diluted in water and supplemented with critical micronutrients). The efficiency of VFA transformation to H2 was 50–70% of theoretical. At nonlimiting substrate concentrations in artificial media or FE, acetate was utilized before butyrate. High volumetric rates of continuous H2 photoproduction and stability of the process are advantages of using immobilized cultures. Use of H2 photoproduction as a polishing step in the treatment of FEs from dark fermentations increased the total amount of H2 produced from 0.9 to 4.7 mol mol−1 glucose equivalent in the original potato homogenate. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2011
Conspicuous consumption orientation: Conceptualisation, scale development and validation
Authors: Roy Chaudhuri Himadri , Mazumdar S. , Ghoshal A. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn this paper individual differences in conspicuous tendencies are examined. A new definition of the construct is proposed and, through critical evaluation of the extant literature, the need for a proper scale is posited. Then an extensive exercise is taken up to develop and validate the scale. The 11‐item scale is found to be uni‐dimensional, to have a factor structure that is generalisable across student and non‐student samples, and has acceptable internal and test–retest reliabilities. The scale's validity is attested to by its theoretically tenable relationships with other personality measures. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prior chemoradiotherapy adversely impacts outcomes of recurrent and second primary head and neck cancer treated with concurrent chemotherapy and reirradiation
Authors: Choe Kevin S. , Haraf Daniel J. , Solanki Abhishek , Cohen Ezra E. W. , Seiwert Tanguy Y. , Stenson Kerstin M. , Blair Elizabeth A. , Portugal Louis , Villaflor Victoria M. , Witt Mary Ellyn , Vokes Everett E. , Salama Joseph K. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:It has been shown that concomitant chemotherapy (C) with reirradiation (ReRT) is feasible and effective for select patients with recurrent or second primary head and neck cancer (HNC). To examine potential prognostic factors associated with survival, the authors of this report retrospectively reviewed the outcomes of patients who received CReRT.METHODS:The study cohort comprised previously irradiated patients with nonmetastatic disease from 9 consecutive phase 1 and 2 protocols for poor‐prognosis HNC. For all patients, reirradiation (ReRT) was delivered with concurrent chemotherapy. Chemotherapy generally was 5‐fluorouracil, hydroxyurea, and a third agent.RESULTS:One hundred sixty‐six patients were identified, including 81 patients who underwent surgical resection or debulking before enrollment. The median ReRT dose was 66 gray. After a median follow‐up of 53 months among surviving patients, the median overall survival (OS) was 10.3 months. The 2‐year rates for OS, disease‐free survival, locoregional control, and freedom from distant metastasis were 24.8%, 19.9%, 50.7%, and 61.4%, respectively. Thirty‐three patients (19.9%) died of treatment‐related toxicity. In subgroup analysis, survival was significantly reduced in patients who received previous concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) compared with patients who were naive to CRT (2‐year OS rate, 10.8% vs 28.4%; P = .0043). In multivariable analysis, prior CRT was associated independently with OS along with surgery before protocol treatment, full‐dose ReRT, and radiotherapy interval.CONCLUSIONS:CReRT achieved a long‐term cure for a small group of patients with recurrent or second primary HNC. Previous treatment with CRT was among the important prognostic factors for survival. Because of the associated risk of severe toxicity, CReRT should be limited only to carefully selected patients. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Visual system scaling in teleost fish
Authors: Bakken Trygve E. , Stevens Charles F. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractTeleost fish grow continuously throughout their lifespan, and this growth includes visual system components: eyes, optic nerves, and brain. As fish grow, the optic nerve lengthens and neural signals must travel increasing distances from the eye to the optic tectum along thousands of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons. Larger fish have better vision that enhances their ability to capture prey, but they are faced with the potential computational problem of changes in the relative timing of visual information arriving at the brain. Optic nerve conduction delays depend on RGC axon conduction velocities, and velocity is primarily determined by axon diameters. If axon diameters do not increase in proportion to body length, then absolute and relative conduction delays will vary with fish size. We have measured optic nerve lengths and axon diameter distributions in different sized zebrafish (Danio rerio) and goldfish (Carassius auratus) and find that, as both species of fish grow, axon diameters increase to reduce average conduction delays by about half and to keep relative delays constant. This invariance of relative conduction delays simplifies computational problems faced by the optic tectum. J. Comp. Neurol., 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
SMEs and environmental responsibility: do actions reflect attitudes?
Authors: Cassells Sue , Lewis Kate 
Published: June 2011

AbstractGlobally there is mounting pressure for firms to assess their impact on the environment, and to modify their behaviour accordingly. The small and medium enterprise (SME) sector is often described as ‘hard to reach’ and lagging behind in terms of ‘green business’ due to management and resourcing issues characteristic of SMEs (e.g. resource poverty and a lack of management capability). This absence of resource slack then translates into an unwillingness and/or inability to commit to environmental improvements in any systematic and ongoing fashion, if at all. However, a lack of action in the context of the firm does not always reflect the personal attitudes of the individual SME owner‐managers. The link between attitude and action is explored in the paper through the examination of the inter‐relationship between awareness of environmental impact, attitude towards environmental issues, and environmental practice adoption. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Relating sustainability theory to practice at Auckland airport: An engaged scholarship endeavour involving students
Authors: Kearins Kate , Fryer Martin 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis paper results from an engaged scholarship endeavour involving an academic, a practitioner, and students. It describes salient interactions which sought to inform Auckland Airport's sustainability planning efforts, and which also provided research and learning opportunities. The company wanted to develop a comprehensive approach to sustainability following best practice. However, the practical reality was that staff were working under the mandate that the formal introduction of sustainability into the business needed to add value. Novel ideas were somewhat difficult to generate when the company was already deemed to be doing well; external stakeholders were not so willing to engage; sustainability performance reporting did not always find a ready audience; and external awareness of the company's sustainability initiatives was relatively low. These challenges to the business case offered excellent opportunities for student engagement. They also provided a test as to how theoretical ideals embracing broader systems thinking relate to on‐the‐ground practice. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
An exploratory study of sustainability as a stimulus for corporate entrepreneurship
Authors: Morrish Sussie C. , Miles Morgan P. , Polonsky Michael Jay 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis paper examines sustainability as an emerging stimulus for corporate entrepreneurship in New Zealand publicly traded firms, using a process approach to sustainable corporate entrepreneurship. We find that many of the firms do not identify sustainability in their mission statement or in relationship to any product, process, strategy, or business model innovative initiative. Of those that do, there are varying degrees of inclusion and as such, sustainability does not seem to be widely or strategically considered a stimulus for corporate entrepreneurship by publicly held New‐Zealand‐based corporations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Integral responsibilities for a responsive and sustainable practice in organization and management
Authors: Küpers Wendelin M. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBased on an extended phenomenological understanding, this paper discusses the potential of a responsive, responsible and hence sustainable orientation integral to practice. First, basic ideas about a phenomenology of responsiveness are outlined, and then the notion of responsibility is discussed critically, opening it up towards an extended understanding. Based on an integral framework, different fields of application of responsibility for organization and its interrelation are presented. Finally, implications and perspectives for further investigating and incorporating responsive and integral responsibility for a sustainable organization are outlined. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.