bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IJCM_424A : User experience and attitude of end users towards Laboratory Information System at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Asha K B , Reshmi Bhageerathy , Skaria Geena 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Laboratory Information Systems like any other automated systems have been touted for their contribution in recognizing and minimizing diagnostic errors, supplementing the decision-making process and improving diagnostic outcomes

Objectives:
This study aimed to review LIS end users’ experiences using LIS and their attitude towards LIS, explore factors that affect LIS end users in a laboratory and locate connections between user issues and user variables if any.

Methodology:
A descriptive study was carried out to assess the personal and professional aspects experienced by LIS end users and to determine the usability of LIS. A purposive sampling methodology was used to interview all the laboratory personnel working at the department of Laboratory Medicine at the selected tertiary hospital. A five-point liker scale was used to find out the LIS end users’ experience. The System Usability Scale to ascertain the factors affecting usability and analyzing the associations between user issues and user variables (nine of them). Fisher’s Exact test was to analyse the responses to assess human factors and relations affecting the usability of LIS.

Results:
All the seventy respondents had a favourable response to the installation of LIS and viewed it as a valuable investment for the laboratory. Among the nine user variables, seven were found to have P ≤ 0.05 with issues affecting LIS end users in a laboratory setting, namely, gender, age, work experience using LIS, educational qualification, department within laboratory medicine, type of LIS training and job position, suggesting significant association.

Conclusion:
The LIS end users had a positive attitude towards LIS and acknowledged its role in the smooth functioning of the workflow in the laboratory.
IJCM_427A : Profile of HIV Positive Attendees at I.C.T.C. Attavar - A Retrospective Study
Authors: Swabu Aishwarya , Saluja Harmeet Singh , Nishad Ankit , Swetha Dhamacharla , Verma Shruti , Dureja Jayati , Rekha T , Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran , Mithra Prasanna , Holla Ramesh 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) continues to pose a significant public health threat worldwide, with India experiencing a substantial burden. Integrated Counseling and Testing Centers (ICTCs) play a pivotal role in addressing HIV/AIDS by providing crucial healthcare access and dispelling misconceptions surrounding the disease.

Objectives:
To study the profile of PLHIV patients attending ICTC centre.

Methodology:
This descriptive record-based study was conducted at the ICTC of Kasturba Medical College Hospital, Mangalore, aiming to profile HIV-positive attendees. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, mode of transmission, referrals, and counseling practices were collected from records of 137 seropositive attendees using convenient sampling. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 11.5.

Results:
The study revealed that most attendees were male (63.5%), married (78.8%), and aged 40 and above (40.1%). Heterosexual contact was identified as the primary mode of transmission (95.6%), with no cases attributed to blood transfusion. Private health facilities were the primary referrers (72.9%), and ICTC mainly referred patients to Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) centers (72.3%). Post-test counseling included spousal testing (33.6%) and condom counseling (90.5%), with limited condom uptake (18.9%) and follow-up of seropositive attendees (35.8%).

Conclusion:
The study underscores the critical role of ICTCs in HIV/AIDS management, highlighting trends in attendee profiles, transmission modes, referrals, and counseling practices. It emphasizes the necessity for targeted interventions to enhance follow-up and promote condom usage, alongside continued efforts to mitigate HIV transmission.
IJCM_45A: Inter-district variation in preterm deaths identified by a perinatal death audit: a health system intervention research
Authors: Rao Suchetha S , Kamath Nutan , Kushtagi Pralhad , Kumar Harsha H N , Baliga B Santharam 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Analyzing preterm deaths is crucial due to the significant contribution of preterm babies to neonatal mortality rates. However, there is no universal perinatal death (PND) audit system in India

Objective:
To analyze the preterm deaths in two districts of Karnataka with study model of PND audit

Methodology:
Hospitals with maternal and child care facilities which met inclusion criteria in Dakshina Kannada (DK), high performing and Koppal (KPL),low performing districts were included after institutional ethics committee approval and permission from Mission Director, National Health Mission, Directorate of Heath and Family Welfare Services, Government of Karnataka. A PND audit system was designed. Personnel with training in medico-social history taking were utilized for data accumulation. Causal analysis of death as certified by independent expert panels and certifying physician was carried out and was compared for functionality. To determine optimality of care, facilities were categorized depending upon available levels of maternity and neonatal care. Preterm deaths during the one-year study period with complete data were analyzed.

Results:
119 preterm deaths in DK and 97 preterm deaths in KPL were analyzed. In utero transfer was 81.5 % in DK and 11.3% in KPL. More preterm deliveries were documented in public hospitals in both districts. Deaths of preterm babies in private hospitals at KPLwas 41.2% against 27.8% private deliveries. In KPL 22.6% babies died at home despite delivering in hospitals. Risk factor documentation was poor in both districts. Expert committee review increased preventability assertion from 7.5 to 11.7% in DK, 2 to 62.8% in KPL.

Conclusion:
Auditing perinatal deaths and analysing preterm deaths resulted in identification of specific deficiencies in healthcare system. DK had reasonably good facilities but KPL had serious concerns. The study model enhanced the preventability assertion in preterm deaths
IJCM_47A: A hospital based study to assess the utilization of ANC services among married women of reproductive age group in the sub District Hospital, West Delhi, India
Authors: Budh Nidhi , Hossain Samar , Arora Priya 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Antenatal Services provided by government and its timely utilization are vital for the health outcomes of the mother as well as of child.

Objective:
To study the current pattern of utilization of antenatal services. To assess the factors influencing utilization of antenatal services.

Methodology:
A facility based cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at immunization clinic of sub district hospital from Aug 2022 to Oct 2022 among 230 randomly selected mothers whose child was less than one year. A pre-test self-administrative questionnaire was applied to collect the data and complied. Appropriate statistics was be applied to achieve desired results.

Results:
Mean age of the participants were 27.88 ±4.6 years. More than half of the participants were identified as Hindu by religion. Most of them were classified under a lower socio-economic status. All participants were literate. Out of the total, 63 (27.4%) were primigravida, and rest were multigravida. While three-fourths of the women registered their pregnancies early, 74.3% attended at least four antenatal care (ANC) visits. Moreover, 87.4% received two doses or one booster dose of Td vaccination, and 83.9% took a minimum of 100 Iron Folic Acid tablets. However, only 66.5% of the participants reported having fully utilized Anti natal care services.

Conclusion:
Females of young age with primary education and those belonging to the Muslim religion were found to have inadequate utilization of complete antenatal care (ANC), despite the presence of government-funded primary care services.
IJCM_5A: A gender perspective of gender equity and health amongst youth of urban slum area in South Gujarat
Authors: Gusain Teesta , Verma Mamtarani , Gamit Chintan 
Published: April 2024

Background:
The socially constructed characteristics, qualities and actions of men, women, girls, and boys are referred to as gender. Being a core social determinant, it directly affects attitude and health related behaviour. The variance in exposure to material, psychological, behavioural, and biological aspects is how gender impacts health outcomes.

Objectives:
To document the knowledge regarding gender equity, violence, sexuality, masculinity and reproductive health. To determine gender wise differences in access to healthcare and perception of one’s own health.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional study was carried out in the urban health centre field practise area in Surat, Gujarat among 260 youth participants aged 18-24 years. After obtaining ethical approval, participants were selected via convenient sampling technique, written informed consent was obtained. Data was collected through face-to-face interviews maintaining privacy using a pre-tested semi structured questionnaire for a duration of 8 months. Data was entered in excel and analysed using JAMOVI software. Themes were generated for qualitative responses.

Results:
147 (56.5%) participants were males. The mean age of the participants was 20.55+2.14. Females had statistically significant higher mean gender equity score (30.90+4.68) than males (26.60+3.27). Significant association was seen for education (p= 0.005) and sibling type (p= 0.005) with gender equity. Negligible positive and significant correlation (r= 0.12) between gender equity scores and total family income. Multiple roles and responsibilities (26.7%) were the major factor identified for perception of health.

Conclusion:
Results highlight the importance of education and employment in developing high gender equitable attitudes The barriers for accessing healthcare services were varied like autonomy to take decision, monetary problems distance to healthcare services etc. Multiple roles, treatment seeking behaviour and reproductive health were major areas which influenced youth’s perception of their health.
IJCM_51A: Comorbidities among COPD patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital in Mangalore
Authors: Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran , Rathi Priya , Acharya Vishak , Jakhar Fiza , Kowsik Guru Sai , Potti  , Khattar Nicita , Mittal Tanvi , Hironi Vidushi , Rekha T , Mithra Prasanna , Kumar Nithin , Holla Ramesh 
Published: April 2024

Background:
According to WHO, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) associated mortality in India is more than 64.7 estimated age- standardized death rate per 100,000 amongst both sexes. Various studies conducted on COPD, worldwide suggest that patients are more likely to die of comorbid conditions than from COPD.

Objective:
To find out the various co-morbidities among COPD patientsattending tertiary care hospitals in Mangalore.

Methodology:
This is a records-based study set in KMC Hospital Attavar, Mangalore. Records of all the COPD patients who attended the hospital in the last 2 years (2016-2017) in KMC Attavar were collected. Case files in which more than 50% of data is incomplete were excluded.

Results:
A total of 473 COPD patients were admitted in the last two years in KMC Attavar Hospital. The Mean (SD) age of patients was 68 (10) years. Males were found to be affected in a larger proportion than females. Median (IQR) duration of diseases was 2.28(1, 2) years. The maximum duration was 22 years and the minimum was 2 months. GOLD’s classification was available for 66 patients, wherein most of the patients had moderate to severe forms of COPD. Around 408(86%) of the COPD patients had one or the other comorbidities. Most COPD patients suffered from metabolic disorders (58%) common being HTN (66%) and DM (45%). The mortality rate was 5.7% which corresponds to 27 patients, with the most common cause being respiratory failure followed by sepsis.

Conclusion:
The most common comorbidity among COPD patients was Diabetes mellitus and Hypertension so the patients should also be screened for the same in the hospital. The most common cause of mortality seen among COPD patients was Respiratory failure which is a complication of COPD so it should also be kept in mind during treatment.
IJCM_52A: Profile and outcome of gestational diabetes mellitus in a tertiary care teaching hospital
Authors: Upadya Shishir M , Meghavarshini K R , Nayak Prathvi P , Rao Sushanth S , Shettigar Apeksha V , Gupta Dhruv , Rao Mithun , Holla Ramesh , Kumar Nithin , Motappa Rohith 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a Glucose tolerance disorder first diagnosed during pregnancy. WHO recommend that all pregnant women or at least women with predisposing risk factors should be screened at the beginning of the 3rd trimester of pregnancy with the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT). Here, blood glucose level is screened 2hrs after giving a 75g oral glucose load. This is recommended for both screening and diagnosis. Not many studies have been done regarding the outcome of GDM mothers in India.

Objective:
1. To describe the Obstetric profile of the mothers 2. To assess the outcome of GDM among the Mothers 3. To determine the neonatal outcome of GDM.

Methodology:
Study setting: The study was carried out at Kasturba Medical College Hospital, Attavar, and District Lady Goschen Hospital, Mangalore. Study design: Hospital based retrospective study. Study population: Pregnant women admitted to above mentioned hospitals with GDM and the new born. Inclusion criteria: All women diagnosed with GDM and have delivered in District Lady Goschen Hospital or KMCH Attavar. Sample size was 266.

Results:
Our study concluded that 24.8% of the women with GDM also had Pregnancy Induced Hypertension, which is comparable to the study done in Qatar where they found 19.2% of the women with GDM suffered from PIH. We also found that 15.8% of the women suffered from Pre-Eclampsia, over twice the percentage of people surveyed in the Qatari study. However the amount of babies suffering from Macrosomia was only 6.8% as opposed to 10.3% according to the aforementioned study and 19.3% as was found in a study in Poznan, Poland.

Conclusion:
No significant association was found between obstetric profile and antenatal & postpartum complications.
IJCM_53A: Association between women’s autonomy and unintended pregnancy in India using NFHS- 5
Authors: Janani Soundarya , Kumar Nithin , Rekha T , Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran , Mithra Prasanna , Holla Ramesh 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Numerous research studies conducted in low- and middle- income nations have suggested that women’s autonomy can be a major factor in lowering the rate of unwanted pregnancies. In the Indian setting, where patriarchy is prevalent and women’s participation in crucial choices is restricted by sociocultural norms, there is limited data on women’s autonomy. The National Family Health Survey 2019-2021 (NFHS-5) provides information on population, health, and nutrition for India and each state/union territory (UT). Data of 4,00606 women aged 15-49 years who reported their reproductive intentions were extracted and analysed in which 3,70,691 had a birth in the last five years and were not pregnant, and 29,915 women were pregnant at the time of the survey.

Objective:
To determine the association between women’s autonomy and unintended pregnancy in India.

Methodology:
The National Family Health Survey-5 conducted in 2019-21 was used for the analysis. Information on ever-married women was extracted from women aged 15-49 years. Bivariate logistic regression was used to examine the association of unintended pregnancy with women’s autonomy, demographic, socio-economic, and social context variables.

Results:
The highest proportion of unintended pregnancies 12.82% were found in the women with low autonomy. A significant difference was seen between the pregnancy intention of respondents and their demographic, economic and social covariates. The prevalence of unintended pregnancy was higher among women who were in the age group 15-24 years, in the poorest wealth quintile, lived in rural areas, had more than three children, and who married before the age of 18 years.

Conclusion:
Improvement in women’s autonomy can reduce unintended pregnancy in India. Women with higher autonomy will be able to regulate their fertility and can appropriately limit their family size.
IJCM_54A: Medical curriculum and published literature with focus on usage of appropriate LGBTQIA+ language: A situational analysis
Authors: Mridul M , Bhargava Madhavi , Hegde Pavithra 
Published: April 2024

Background:
A sensitive language usage is important in scientific literature when reporting “lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, asexual and other identities” (LGBTQIA+) and medical education can play an important role towards early sensitization of future professionals.

Objective:
To evaluate the competency based undergraduate curriculum (CBME) guidelines by National Medical Council and to conduct a content analysis of published medical education articles related to LGBTQIA+.

Methodology:
We reviewed the CBME guidelines for competencies pertaining to sensitization of medical students regarding LGBTQIA+. For content analysis, we searched PubMed using the MeSH terms “”Sexual and Gender Minorities”” AND “”Education, Medical”, restricting our search to English language. The Press Council of India (PCI) guidelines were used as reference for preferred and non-preferred terms.

Results:
At present, NMC has not brought about any teaching modules or sensitization on LGBTQIA+ for the undergraduate curriculum. However, the related competencies were psychosexual and gender identity disorders in Psychiatry (PS 13.1-13.7) and gender issues and women empowerment in community medicine (CM 10.9). A total of 177 articles were retrieved from PubMed. We selected 30 relevant articles, of which12 (40%) were from India. Majority of them (94%) complied to the PCI guidelines on LGBTQIA+, with respect to terms such as ‘transgender’, ‘transman’, ‘transwoman’ and ‘LGBTQ’. One Indian article used the term ‘transgenders. There was no usage of derogatory terms such as ‘eunuch’ and ‘victims’. Terms such as ‘Gender Non-conforming’ and ‘Gender affirming surgery’ were used in some surgery articles (6%) with no use of avoidable terms like ‘sex change surgery’ and ‘sex reassignment surgery’.

Conclusion:
The CBME needs to add specific LGBTQIA+ related competencies in the curriculum. The language in the medical education articles reviewed largely conformed with the PCI guidelines on LGBTQIA+ reporting with a fair, respectful, and informative coverage.
IJCM_57A: Assessment of quality of Sleep among working women of an urban area in Ernakulam district-A cross-sectional study
Authors: Johnson Melvi , Ajay Aparna 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Women from diverse backgrounds in India are now employed, facing challenges that impact their sleep and well-being. The demands of their jobs, extended working hours, family responsibilities, lifestyle changes, and various socio-demographic factors make unwinding and falling asleep difficult.

Objective:
The study was conducted to assess the quality of sleep and the sociodemographic factors affecting it among the working women of an urban area in Ernakulam District, Kerala.

Methodology:
A community based cross sectional study was conducted among 141working women aged 18 years and above residing at Perumbavoor municipality of Ernakulam district. Women who were paid wages for their work were considered as working women. From the 27 wards in the Perumbavoor municipality 14 wards were selected randomly. From each selected ward 10 households were sampled by systematic random sampling. If more than one working woman was found in a house only one woman was interviewed. Data was collected using semi structured questionnaire and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess the quality of sleep.

Results:
69.5% of the working women belonged to the age-group of 30-39 years, 80.1% belonged to APL category by colour of ration card, 90.1% were married, 22% worked for more than 8 hours and 11% worked in night shifts. Poor sleep quality was seen in 70.9 % of working women with mean PSQI Score 6.17(SD + 2.68).76.37% married women had poor sleep quality compared to 21.4%of unmarried/widowed women (?2=18.46, d f=1, p<.0001).

Conclusion:
The study suggests poor quality of sleep among working women. Counselling sessions could help them set up a daily routine that will help them improve their sleep patterns.
IJCM_58A: A Cross- sectional study to assess the prevalence of Breast self-examination practices and its awareness among school teachers in Raipur City, Chhattisgarh
Authors: Kashyap Diksha , Verma Nirmal , Gupta Shubhra A , Jaiswal Prashant Kumar 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Women in India face a significant risk of high mortality rate from breast cancer, due to the delay in the diagnosis and the advanced stages of the disease at the time of diagnosis. Screening is among the best ways to detect cancer at an early stage, BSE is one of the most satisfactory ways due to it being non-invasive, easy, economically feasible, cost effective to screen for breast cancer. Teachers play an effective role in communication and motivation of young students.

Objectives:
To find out the prevalence of Breast self-examination among schoolteachers in Raipur city. 2. To find out awareness of Breast self- examination among schoolteachers in Raipur, C.G

Methodology:
Study Design- Cross-sectional observational study, Study Setting - Government Schools in Raipur city. Study Population- Female School Teachers. Study Tool- Self-administered Semi-structured questionnaire and specific health education module on breast self-examination and breast cancer.

Results:
The overall knowledge of breast self-examination in this population was rather very low. In our study we got to know that 83.33% of women were aware of breast cancer.

Conclusion:
Breast self-examination is associated with social stigma. Need of imparting awareness among females is important.
IJCM_59A: Knowledge and Practice regarding Biomedical Waste Management (BMW) among Paramedical Staff and Group IV Workers in tertiary care hospitals of Mangalore
Authors: Mitra Amartya , Gupta Namya , Upadhyay Ayushi , Singh Parul , Sharma Manav , Rekha T , Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran , Mithra Prasanna , Kumar Nithin , Holla Ramesh 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Planning the waste management of all waste generated in healthcare facilities is a crucial task to reduce the hazards and risks to individuals and the community.

Objectives:
To assess the knowledge and practices regarding bio-medical waste management among paramedical staff and Group IV workers.

Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, 210 paramedical staff working at hospitals affiliated with Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore were assessed regarding their knowledge and practices regarding BMW. Institutional Ethics Committee permission was obtained before the commencement of the study. Data was analysed using IBM SPSS for Windows version 25.0, Armonk, New York, 25.0.

Results:
Among the total participants, there were 127 nurses, 6 lab technicians and 77 Group IV workers. 98.1% of healthcare providers were aware that their hospital has a waste management plan. 87.6% of healthcare providers follow hospital policies every time while disposing of waste. 92% of healthcare providers are aware of diseases transmitted by biomedical waste. The majority of the participants preferred using all five protective measures - gloves, goggles, masks, boots, and gowns while dealing with biomedical waste.

Conclusion:
The majority of the paramedical staff in our study were aware of the BMW management practices.