bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bi-criteria Gateway Placement Problem in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Czajko Maria , Wojciechowski Jacek 
Published: October 2010

Bi-criteria Gateway Placement Problem in Wireless Sensor NetworksOver the last few years, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have started to play more and more important role in civil and military applications. A typical sensor network consists of resource-constrained sensing nodes, which monitor environment and send the data to more powerful gateway nodes. The goal of gateway nodes is to aggregate, process and send the data to other gateways or directly to sink nodes. The proper placement of nodes is needed to provide good network operation. Sensing nodes are often placed in a random manner unlike gateways. Gateways, due to their role and cost, are installed rather in a controlled way. In this paper, a bi-criteria gateway placement problem is introduced. The problem is shown to be NP-hard. We formulate it as a linear programming problem, then we develop the Multi-criteria Simulated Allocation (MSAL) heuristic algorithm, for the purpose of cost-effective gateway deployment and power-effective wireless connection management. Finally, we evaluate the efficiency of the algorithm by comparison with the exact method.
Readout System and Data Processing for OCT Pachymetry
Authors: Dziewiecki Michał , Domański Grzegorz , Frey Wojciech , Konarzewski Bogumił , Kurjata Robert , Marzec Janusz , Smolnik Andrzej , Zaremba Krzysztof , Ziembicki Marcin 
Published: October 2010

Readout System and Data Processing for OCT PachymetryA complete system for measurement control, signal acquisition and data processing for an OCT pachymeter is described. Moreover, dedicated data processing algorithm used for noise reduction is presented. A simple OCT scanner was built and some measurements were performed to examine the capabilities of the system.
Characteristics and Applications of Silicon Carbide Power Devices in Power Electronics
Authors: Kondrath Nisha , Kazimierczuk Marian 
Published: October 2010

Characteristics and Applications of Silicon Carbide Power Devices in Power ElectronicsSilicon carbide materials, with its high mechanical strength, high thermal conductivity, ability to operate at high temperatures, and extreme chemical inertness to most of the electrolytes, are very attractive for high-power applications. In this paper, properties, advantages, and limitations of SiC and conventional Si materials are compared. Various applications, where SiC power devices are attractive, are discussed.
Foil Winding Resistance and Power Loss in Individual Layers of Inductors
Authors: Kazimierczuk Marian , Wojda Rafal 
Published: October 2010

Foil Winding Resistance and Power Loss in Individual Layers of InductorsThis paper presents an estimation of high-frequency winding resistance and power loss in individual inductor layers made of foil, taking into account the skin and proximity effects. Approximated equations for power loss in each layer are given and the optimal values of foil thickness for each layer are derived. It is shown that the winding resistance of individual layers significantly increases with the operating frequency and the layer number, counting from the center of an inductor. The winding resistance of each foil layer exhibits a minimum value at an optimal layer thickness. The total winding resistance increases with the total number of layers.
An Ultra-Wideband System for Vehicle Positioning
Authors: Kolakowski Jerzy , Cichocki Jacek , Makal Piotr , Michnowski Ryszard 
Published: October 2010

An Ultra-Wideband System for Vehicle PositioningSystems supporting traffic safety require precise information on a vehicle position. The paper contains a proposal for a vehicle localization system based on ultra-wideband (UWB) technology. The system allows for vehicle positioning with submeter accuracy. The paper presents a system concept and an algorithm used for position calculation. The algorithm consists in selection of a system configuration in order to decrease the positioning uncertainty. The system concept was verified with a developed system demonstrator. The paper contains a description of the devices comprising the system. Exemplary results of outdoor demonstrator tests are included and discussed. The tests confirmed efficiency and attractiveness of the proposed solution.
Methods of Time-Frequency Analysis in Authentication of Digital Audio Recordings
Authors: Korycki Rafał 
Published: October 2010

Methods of Time-Frequency Analysis in Authentication of Digital Audio RecordingsThis paper describes the problem of tampering detection and discusses the main methods used for authenticity analysis of digital audio recordings. For the first topic, two frequency measurement algorithms based on electric network frequency criterion are applied. Time-frequency analysis is used and improved with reassignment method for purpose of visual inspection of modified recordings. The algorithms are shortly described and exemplary plots are presented with interpretation. The last described method, recently proposed, is based on checking frame offsets in compressed audio files.
Digital-Filter-Based Compensation of Case Effect in Sound-Level Meters
Authors: Miękina Andrzej , Podgórski Andrzej 
Published: October 2010

Digital-Filter-Based Compensation of Case Effect in Sound-Level MetersThe methodology for the design of a digital filter, which should compensate the effect of reflections and diffraction from the sound-level meter's casing (the so-called case effect), is presented. The coefficients of the family of the finite impulse response (FIR) filters, which were selected to fulfill the requirements of the compensation, were obtained in the MATLAB environment using the Remez algorithm. The frequency response of the selected designed filter are given. The chosen FIR filter was implemented in an on-chip Enhanced Filter Coprocessor of a fixed point 24-bit digital signal processor of a sound-level meter.
Semantic Sparse Representation of Disease Patterns
Authors: Przelaskowski Artur 
Published: October 2010

Semantic Sparse Representation of Disease PatternsSparse data representation is discussed in a context of useful fundamentals led to semantic content description and extraction of information. Disease patterns as semantic information extracted from medical images were underlined because of discussed application of computer-aided diagnosis. Compressive sensing rules were adjusted to the requirements of diagnostic pattern recognition. Proposed methodology of sparse disease patterns considers accuracy of sparse representation to estimate target content for detailed analysis. Semantics of sparse representation were modeled by morphological content analysis. Subtle or hidden components were extracted and displayed to increase information completeness. Usefulness of sparsity was verified for computer-aided diagnosis of stroke based on brain CT scans. Implemented method was based on selective and sparse representation of subtle hypodensity to improve diagnosis. Visual expression of disease signatures was fixed to radiologist requirements, domain knowledge and experimental analysis issues. Diagnosis assistance suitability was proven by experimental subjective rating and automatic recognition.
Application of Density Based Clustering to Microarray Data Analysis
Authors: Raczynski Lech , Wozniak Krzysztof , Rubel Tymon , Zaremba Krzysztof 
Published: October 2010

Application of Density Based Clustering to Microarray Data AnalysisIn just a few years, gene expression microarrays have rapidly become a standard experimental tool in the biological and medical research. Microarray experiments are being increasingly carried out to address the wide range of problems, including the cluster analysis. The estimation of the number of clusters in datasets is one of the main problems of clustering microarrays. As a supplement to the existing methods we suggest the use of a density based clustering technique DBSCAN that automatically defines the number of clusters. The DBSCAN and other existing methods were compared using the microarray data from two datasets used for diagnosis of leukemia and lung cancer.
Identification of a Nonlinear Association between Components of the Electrohysterographical Signal
Authors: Radomski Dariusz , Małkiewicz Agnieszka 
Published: October 2010

Identification of a Nonlinear Association between Components of the Electrohysterographical SignalElectrohysterography is a method for measuring of bioelectrical potentials generated by a contracting uterus. It is used for monitoring of uterine activities mainly during a pregnancy and for prediction of an upcoming pretermlabour. However, there is still unknown the best method of EHG analysis which gives clinically useful information about a uterine activity. To achieve this goal we propose to use information about nonlinear associations between EHG signals registered from an uterine fundus and an uterine cervix. The h2index was applied to identify these relationships. The obtained results reveal that there exists a nonlinear correlation between biopotentials generated from two parts of a pregnant uterus. Moreover, this correlation seems to be higher as a labour is upcoming. It suggests a possibility of using the h2index for prediction of an upcoming labour based on EHG signals.
Architecture Design of The Hardware H.264/AVC Video Decoder
Authors: Roszkowski Mikołaj , Abramowski Andrzej , Wieczorek Michał , Pastuszak Grzegorz 
Published: October 2010

Architecture Design of The Hardware H.264/AVC Video DecoderThe need for real-time video compression systems requires a particular design methodology to achieve high troughput devices. The paper describes the architecture of the H.264/AVC decoder able to support SDTV and HDTV resolutions. The design applies many optimization techniques to reduce the resource consumption and maximize the throughput. The archietcture is verified with the software reference model JM16 and synhesized for FPGA technology. The maximal working frequency is 100 MHz for Stratix II devices.
Time Correlated Single Photon Counting System for Optical Measurements
Authors: Trybuła Artur , Domański Grzegorz , Konarzewski Bogumił , Marzec Janusz , Zaremba Krzysztof , Kurjata Robert , Dziewiecki Michał , Smolnik Andrzej , Ziembicki Marcin 
Published: October 2010

Time Correlated Single Photon Counting System for Optical MeasurementsThe high sensitivity time correlated single photon counting system (with photomultiplier tube) for biomedical measurements was designed and tested. Photon time of flight through a parafine wax phantom was modeled by Monte Carlo simulation and next measured by the device. Mean time delay introduced by a phantom is in a good agreement with simulation results. The results presented in this paper demonstrate the feasibility of measuring the optical response with the device.
Computer-Aided Multi-Layer Design of Switch-Mode Power Circuits
Authors: Wojciechowski Jacek , Modzelewski Juliusz , Ogrodzki Jan , Opalski Leszek , Zamłyński Krzysztof 
Published: October 2010

Computer-Aided Multi-Layer Design of Switch-Mode Power CircuitsSwitch-mode circuits are used as power processors, e.g. DC/DC converters, synchronous rectifiers, high-frequency resonant power amplifiers. Their efficient computer-aided design is a technical problem only partly resolved so far. This paper presents a multi-layer CAD methodology for switch-mode power circuits. It discusses several levels of modeling of switching devices. First rough design verification is feasible using ideal switch models. It gives a satisfactory first-cut design. Then full models and general-purpose tools provide more exact verification of the design. At this exact step the design procedure makes use of interactive improvement followed by automatic optimization of some quality based objective functions. The proposed methodology is shown to be especially useful for high power class-D voltage-switching resonant amplifiers, where the so far used experimental optimization is extremely cost consuming.
Reconfigurable Antennas: the State of the Art
Authors: Yashchyshyn Yevhen 
Published: October 2010

Reconfigurable Antennas: the State of the ArtThe paper provides an overview of the state of the art in the area of reconfigurable antennas. This emerging area has been rapidly developing in the recent years. This article brings a comprehensive summary of the high quality applied and fundamental research contributions in the above-mentioned field. A broad spectrum of topics is covered, reflecting the areas in which Institute of Radioelectronics's expertise is recognized worldwide.
Down‐regulated progesterone receptor A and B coinciding with successful treatment of endometrial hyperplasia by the levonorgestrel impregnated intrauterine system
Authors: Ørbo Anne , Arnes Marit , Pettersen Inger , Larsen Kurt , Hanssen Karin , Moe Bjorn 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjective. To investigate whether regression of endometrial hyperplasia observed after 3 months of treatment with levonorgestrel impregnated intrauterine system device (LNG‐IUS) was sustained after 6 months and whether these effects were still occurring synchronously with extinguished expression of progesterone receptors and increased apoptosis. Design. Retrospective population‐based observational study. Setting. Six local hospitals and one university hospital in northern Norway. Population. Patients (n = 41) with low and medium risk endometrial hyperplasia. Methods. Histopathological treatment response comparing LNG‐IUS (n = 25) and standard per oral medroxyprogesterone (n = 16). Expression of progesterone receptor A (PR‐A), progesterone receptor B (PR‐B), ER‐alpha, ER‐beta, Bcl‐2, BAX, Caspase‐3 and metallothionein (MT) were investigated by immunohistochemistry; results were evaluated by a semi‐quantitative H‐score. Main outcome measures. Response to progestin treatment. Results. All the LNG‐IUS treated patients had therapy response after 6 months. PR‐A and PR‐B in glands were almost extinguished for IUD users compared to the oral group. Estrogen receptors were also reduced. Co‐existent changes in apoptosis were differently modulated in glands and stroma in the two treatment groups. Bcl‐2 was different in glands and stroma in responders and non‐responders to oral therapy. Conclusion. The study confirms that LNG‐IUS can be safely used for 6 months as treatment for endometrial hyperplasia. The clinical effect is accompanied by almost extinguished PR‐receptors in glands coinciding with modulation of apoptosis. The results strongly indicate that progestins activate non‐classical initiated signaling pathways.
Morphometric architecture of the most taxon‐rich species in the U.S. flora: Astragalus lentiginosus (Fabaceae)
Authors: Knaus Brian J. 
Published: October 2010

• Premise of the study: The study of infra‐taxa has historically been considered the study of incipient species. Astragalus lentiginosus Douglas ex Hooker (Fabaceae) is the most taxonomically diverse species in the U. S. flora. To gain insight into the nature of infra‐taxa, I ask whether an optimal number of groups exists within A. lentiginosus, whether the varieties represent discrete entities, and whether morphological diversity within A. lentiginosus can be explained by climate.• Methods: Morphometric measurement was made on herbarium specimens. Seasonality was inferred by fitting sine waves to climatic data. Statistical clustering, ordination, and multiple regression analyses were employed to test hypotheses.• Key results: K‐means clustering resulted in no clear optimal number of groups within the species. Principal components analysis demonstrated that taxa occupy contiguous regions of morphospace but do not form distinct clusters. Multiple regression demonstrated significant relations among morphology and climatic parameters, which are generally stronger than geographic relations.• Conclusions: The bewildering amount of diversity contained within A. lentiginosus begs for decomposition, yet its clinal nature precludes it from division into discrete groups. As a species, A. lentiginosus exists as an array of populations in a delicate balance between homogenizing forces, such as gene flow and retention of ancestral characters, and diversifying forces, such as local adaptation and drift. The effect of these forces has become evident in the phenotype of A. lentiginosus, resulting in more infra‐taxa than any other species in the U. S. flora, but has failed to fracture this group into distinct entities.
Is Physical Activity a Risk Factor for Primary Knee or Hip Replacement Due to Osteoarthritis? A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: WANG YUANYUAN , SIMPSON JULIE ANNE , WLUKA ANITA E. , TEICHTAHL ANDREW J. , ENGLISH DALLAS R. , GILES GRAHAM G. , GRAVES STEPHEN , CICUTTINI FLAVIA M. 
Published: October 2010

Objective.To estimate prospectively any association between measures of physical activity and the risk of either primary knee or hip replacement due to osteoarthritis (OA).Methods.Eligible subjects (n = 39,023) were selected from participants in a prospective cohort study recruited 1990–1994. Primary knee and hip replacement for OA during 2001–2005 was determined by linking the cohort records to the National Joint Replacement Registry. A total physical activity level was computed, incorporating both intensity and frequency for different forms of physical activity obtained by questionnaire at baseline attendance.Results.There was a dose-response relationship between total physical activity level and the risk of primary knee replacement [hazards ratio (HR) 1.04, 95% CI 1.01–1.07 for an increase of 1 level in total physical activity]. Although vigorous activity frequency was associated with an increased risk of primary knee replacement (HR 1.42, 95% CI 1.08–1.86) for 1–2 times/week and HR 1.24 (95% CI 0.90–1.71) for ≥ 3 times/week), the p for trend was marginal (continuous HR 1.08, 95% CI 1.00–1.16, p = 0.05). The frequency of less vigorous activity or walking was not associated with the risk of primary knee replacement, nor was any measure of physical activity associated with the risk of primary hip replacement.Conclusion.Increasing levels of total physical activity are positively associated with the risk of primary knee but not hip replacement due to OA. Physical activity might affect the knee and hip joints differently depending on the preexisting health status and anatomy of the joint, as well as the sort of physical activity performed.
Mycophenolate Mofetil for Induction Treatment of Lupus Nephritis: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis
Authors: TOUMA ZAHI , GLADMAN DAFNA D. , UROWITZ MURRAY B. , BEYENE JOSEPH , ULERYK ELIZABETH M. , SHAH PRAKESH S. 
Published: October 2010

Objective.To systematically review the efficacy and safety of mycophenolic acid and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) compared to cyclophosphamide (CYC) for the induction treatment of lupus nephritis (LN).Methods.Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Center Register of Controlled Trials, and abstracts presented in major international conferences were searched for randomized controlled trials. The primary outcome was renal remission (complete, partial, and overall) and secondary outcomes were adverse events during study period and longterm followup data. Data were compared between groups and relative risk (RR) and 95% CI were calculated.Results.Four trials of a total of 618 patients were included. MMF was not superior to CYC for renal remission (partial RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.80 to 1.12; complete RR 0.67, 95% CI 0.35 to 1.28, and overall RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.71 to 1.10). There was a significant reduction in alopecia (RR 5.77, 95% CI 1.56 to 21.38) and amenorrhea (RR 6.64, 95% CI 2.00 to 22.07) with the use of MMF compared to CYC. These results should be interpreted with caution given the width of the CI. There was no significant difference for infections, leukopenia, gastrointestinal symptoms, herpes zoster, endstage renal disease, and death among groups during study period and longterm followup data.Conclusion.We could not show that MMF is superior to CYC for the induction treatment of LN. Patients treated with MMF showed reduced risk of certain side effects. MMF can be used as an alternative to CYC for the induction treatment of LN.
Systemic Vasculitis in Patients with Hepatitis C Virus Infection with and without Detectable Mixed Cryoglobulinemia
Authors: TERRIER BENJAMIN , SÈNE DAMIEN , DECHARTRES AGNÈS , SAADOUN DAVID , ORTONNE NICOLAS , ROUVIER PHILIPPE , MUSSET LUCILE , RIGON MATTHIEU RESCHE , MAISONOBE THIERRY , CACOUB PATRICE 
Published: October 2010

Objective.To describe hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related systemic vasculitis in patients without detectable mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC) and to compare them to typical cases of HCV-MC vasculitis.Methods.Twelve HCV RNA+ patients with histologically proven vasculitis in the absence of detectable MC (cases) were retrospectively compared with 48 HCV RNA+ patients with MC vasculitis (controls). Each case was matched with 4 controls for age and sex.Results.The main epidemiological and virologic features were similar between cases and controls. No clinical difference was found, except for lower rates of arthralgias (33% vs 71%; p = 0.02) and purpura (50% vs 83%; p = 0.03) in cases. Cases showed higher mean serum C3 (1.17 ± 0.21 vs 0.93 ± 0.23 g/l; p = 0.01) and median C4 levels (0.25 vs 0.04 g/l; p < 0.001), lower median serum IgM levels (0.6 vs 1.9 g/l; p < 0.001), and lower rates of rheumatoid factor positivity (8% vs 82%; p < 0.001) than controls. The main histologic features were similar between cases and controls. Immunofluorescence analysis of skin biopsy from 1 case revealed perivascular deposits of C3 and IgA. After treatment, overall clinical response of vasculitis (75% vs 83%) and sustained virological response (40% vs 64%; p = 0.3) were similar between cases and controls, except for higher complete clinical response (42% vs 73%; p = 0.05) in controls.Conclusion.HCV-related systemic vasculitis may occur in the absence of detectable MC. Our findings suggest that such vasculitis probably results from immune complex-mediated mechanisms, and that the therapeutic management of such vasculitis should be similar to that of HCV-MC vasculitis.