bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LINAS‐Score: prognostic model for mortality assessment in patients with cirrhotic liver and infected ascites
Authors: Würstle Silvia , Schneider Tillman , Karapetyan Siranush , Hapfelmeier Alexander , Isaakidou Andriana , Studen Fabian , Schmid Roland M. , von Delius Stephan , Rothe Kathrin , Burgkart Rainer , Obermeier Andreas , Triebelhorn Julian , Erber Johanna , Voit Florian , Geisler Fabian , Spinner Christoph D. , Schneider Jochen , Wagner Laura 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackground and AimPatients with liver cirrhosis often face a grave threat from infected ascites (IA). However, a well‐established prognostic model for this complication has not been established in routine clinical practice. Therefore, we aimed to assess mortality risk in patients with liver cirrhosis and IA.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study across three tertiary hospitals, enrolling 534 adult patients with cirrhotic liver and IA, comprising 465 with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), 34 with bacterascites (BA), and 35 with secondary peritonitis (SP). To determine the attributable mortality risk linked to IA, these patients were matched with 122 patients with hydropic decompensated liver cirrhosis but without IA. Clinical, laboratory, and microbiological parameters were assessed for their relation to mortality using univariable analyses and a multivariable random forest model (RFM). Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) regression model was used to establish an easy‐to‐use mortality prediction score.ResultsThe in‐hospital mortality risk was highest for SP (39.0%), followed by SBP (26.0%) and BA (25.0%). Besides illness severity markers, microbiological parameters, such as Candida spp., were identified as the most significant indicators for mortality. The Lasso model determined 15 parameters with corresponding scores, yielding good discriminatory power (area under the receiver operating characteristics curve = 0.89). Counting from 0 to 83, scores of 20, 40, 60, and 80 corresponded to in‐hospital mortalities of 3.3%, 30.8%, 85.2%, and 98.7%, respectively.ConclusionWe developed a promising mortality prediction score for IA, highlighting the importance of microbiological parameters in conjunction with illness severity for assessing patient outcomes.
Patterns of national emergency department utilization by fee‐for‐service Medicare beneficiaries with dementia
Authors: Bowman Jason K. , Ritchie Christine S. , Ouchi Kei , Tulsky James A. , Teno Joan M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) often face high acute care clinical utilization and costs with unclear benefits in survival or quality of life. The emergency department (ED) is frequently the site of pivotal decisions in these acute care episodes. This study uses national Medicare data to explore this population's ED utilization.MethodsRetrospective cohort study of persons aged ≥66 years enrolled in traditional Medicare with a Chronic Condition Warehouse diagnosis of dementia. Primary 1‐year outcome measures included ED visits with and without hospitalization, ED visits per 100 days alive, and health‐care costs. A multivariate random effects regression model (clustered by county of residence), adjusted for sociodemographics and comorbidities, examined how place of care on January 1, 2018, was associated with subsequent ED utilization.ResultsIn 2018, 2,680,006 ADRD traditional Medicare patients (mean age 82.9, 64.2% female, 9.4% Black, 6.2% Hispanic) experienced a total of 3,234,767 ED visits. Over half (52.2%) of the cohort experienced one ED visit, 15.5% experienced three or more, and 37.1% of ED visits resulted in hospitalization. Compared with ADRD patients residing at home without services, the marginal difference in ED visits per 100 days alive varied by location of care. Highest differences were observed for those with hospitalizations (0.48 visits per 100 days alive, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.47–0.49), skilled nursing facility (rehab/skilled nursing facility [SNF]) stays (0.27, 95% CI 0.27–0.28), home health stays (0.25, 95% CI 0.25–0.26), or observation stays (0.82, 95% CI 0.77–0.87). Similar patterns were observed with ED use without hospitalization and health‐care costs.ConclusionsPersons with ADRD frequently use the ED—particularly those with recent hospitalizations, rehab/SNF stays, or home health use—and may benefit from targeted interventions during or before the ED encounters to reduce avoidable utilization and ensure goal‐concordant care.
Low temperature offers better foam stability
Authors: Serkan Mola , Gokay Deniz 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe foam's structural longevity, linked to the effectiveness of sclerotherapy, depends on preparation conditions. The factors enhancing the treatment's effectiveness and efficacy are still under discussion.MethodsWe conducted an in vitro preclinical research, which included 144 independent trials. A total of 8 combinations involving 18 trials were designed according to settings of +4°C and room temperature (20–22°C), liquid‐to‐air ratios of 1/1 and 1/4, and polidocanol concentrations of 0.5% and 1% using the modified Tessari method. Our study aimed to examine the effect of air ratio, agent temperature, and polidocanol concentration on stability by assessing the foam half‐time (FHT) and defining the optimal preparation conditions.ResultsThe mean FHT was 117 ± 30.4 s. The longest FHT was in a 1:4 air‐to‐sclerosant ratio at +4°C, regardless of the sclerosant concentration (for %0.5 mean FHT: 146.2 ± 13.9 s, for % 1 mean FHT: 146.9 ± 18 s). There was a significant interaction among the three variables on FHT (p = 0.001). Temperature emerged as the primary factor (F(1, 136) = 124, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.477), with lower temperatures markedly enhancing the longevity (p < 0.001). Preparation at a temperature of 4°C resulted in an extended FHT of 32.5 s compared to 22°C (95% CI: 24.06–41.04 s).ConclusionThe temperature, agent concentration, and gas ratio significantly influence the stability of the physician‐compounded foam. The low temperature at +4°C may offer better FHT for sclerotherapy.
Navigating Environmental Threats to New Ventures: A Regulatory Fit Approach to Bricolage
Authors: Adomako Samuel , Zhu Fei , Hsu Dan K. , Istipliler Baris , Wiklund Johan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBricolage is a critical strategy used by entrepreneurs to generate resources for new ventures in response to environmental threats that result in resource constraints. However, inconsistent findings exist. Whereas the predominant view in the bricolage literature suggests that resource‐constrained or threatening environments motivate new ventures to bricolage to survive and thrive, some empirical evidence shows that some firms choose not to bricolage in such environments. This paper addresses the inconsistent findings by integrating regulatory fit theory with the bricolage literature, arguing that the effect of environmental threat on bricolage depends on entrepreneurs' dispositional regulatory focus. Data from a time‐lagged survey of 396 Taiwanese entrepreneurs support our hypotheses. Our findings suggest that promotion (prevention) focus disposition is positively (negatively) related to bricolage. More importantly, both promotion and prevention foci weaken the effect of environmental threat on bricolage, serving as boundary conditions for this relationship. Finally, our additional analysis reveals gender differences in bricolage and the contingent effect of promotion focus disposition, enabling us to contribute to regulatory fit theory.
Research in Latin America from a decolonial perspective: Challenges of producing socially situated knowledge
Authors: Fernández‐Theoduloz Gabriela 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe developmental science literature predominantly originates from WEIRD (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic) countries. This bias perpetuates colonial power imbalances and marginalizes non‐WEIRD societies' knowledge. This special issue addresses this gap by focusing on Latin America, emphasizing the region's diverse socioeconomic, cultural, and political contexts. This commentary contextualizes research in Latin America, and then presents and discusses the articles. Finally, it presents some of the challenges researchers in Latin America face.
Network‐basedstrategies to combatHCV: Examining social and spatial drivers of transmission amongPWIDin New Delhi
Authors: Clipman Steven J. , Mehta Shruti H. , Mohapatra Shobha , Srikrishnan Aylur K. , Zook Katie J. C. , Kumar Muniratnam Suresh , Lucas Gregory M. , Latkin Carl A. , Solomon Sunil S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPeople who inject drugs (PWID) account for some of the fastest‐growing HCV epidemics globally. While individual risk factors for infection are understood, less is known about network and spatial factors critical for elimination strategies. Two thousand five hundred twelve PWID in New Delhi, India, were recruited (2017–19) through network referrals. Biometrics identified duplicates and cross‐network linkages. Participants completed semi‐annual surveys and blood tests for HCV antibodies and RNA. Poisson regression and network analyses identified predictors of incident HCV and compared network‐based intervention approaches. Baseline HCV antibody prevalence was 65.1%, of whom 79.6% were HCV RNA‐positive. We observed 92 HCV seroconversions over 382.25 person‐years (incidence: 24.1 per 100 person‐years). Of the 92 seroconverters, 67% (62) were directly connected to an RNA‐positive participant, and all were within one degree of separation from an RNA‐positive participant. Individual‐level factors associated with seroconversion included age, sexual activity, and injection behaviours. After adjusting for individual‐level factors, seroconversion was significantly associated with number of RNA‐positive partners (adjusted incidence rate ratio [AIRR] = 1.30) and injecting at a particular venue (AIRR = 2.53). This association extended to indirect ties, with 17% reduced odds of seroconversion for each degree of separation from the venue (AIRR = 0.83). Network analyses comparing intervention strategies found that targeting venues identified more cases compared to a treat‐a‐friend approach. We observed a fast‐growing HCV epidemic driven by viremia within individuals' immediate networks and indirect social and spatial ties, demonstrating the importance of achieving broad, sustained virologic response and rethinking network‐based interventions to include venues.
Effect of dietary mannan oligosaccharide inclusion on production parameters of Farfantepenaeus aztecus cultured in a biofloc system
Authors: Genc Ercument , Kaya Dogukan , Genc Munevver Ayce , Keskin Emre , Yavuzcan Hijran , Guroy Derya , Aktas Mevlut 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe effects of dietary mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) supplementation in a biofloc system on growth performance, whole‐body proximate composition, whole‐body fatty acids, nonspecific immune parameters, antioxidant enzyme activities, digestive enzyme activity, and gut microbiota of brown shrimp, Farfantepenaeus aztecus, were investigated. Shrimp were fed five diets containing different levels of MOS doses (MOS0: basal diet, MOS1: 0.1%, MOS2: 0.2%, MOS3: 0.3%, and MOS4: 0.4%) during the 90‐day trial. The results indicated that all MOS‐supplemented shrimp showed significantly higher growth rates and better feed utilization than shrimp fed the control diet. Experimental diets had varying effects on the nonspecific immune parameters and antioxidant enzyme activities, indicating that MOS supplementation resulted in significant differences in the parameters except for respiratory burst activity. Significantly higher protease activity was observed in shrimp fed MOS1 and MOS2 diets compared with MOS0, MOS3, and MOS4 diets. Shrimps fed MOS2 and MOS3 diets had the highest lipase and amylase activities among all groups. Proteobacteria were the most abundant phylum in all groups and were higher at increasing MOS doses. In conclusion, these results suggest that supplementing the diet of brown shrimp in the biofloc system with 3 g kg−1 of MOS may improve production parameters.
Room‐temperature phosphorescence from organic materials in aqueous media
Authors: Panda Sourav Kumar , De Antara , Banerjee Supratim 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn recent years, organic materials with room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) features have gained significant attention due to their wide applications in the fields of bioimaging, light‐harvesting materials, encryption technology, etc. Although several examples of organic RTP materials in the crystalline state and polymer‐based systems have been reported in the last decade or so, achieving organic RTP in the solution phase, particularly in the aqueous phase has remained a challenging task. Herein in this review, we summarize the progress in this direction by highlighting design strategies based on supramolecular scaffolding and host–guest complexation and the applications of such aqueous organic RTP materials in bioimaging, sensing, etc.
Adenovirus‐ and cytomegalovirus‐specific adoptive T‐cell therapy in the context of hematologic cell transplant or HIV infection – A single‐center experience
Authors: Obermaier Benedikt , Braun Christiane , Hensen Luca , Ahmad Osama , Faul Christoph , Lang Peter , Bethge Wolfgang , Lengerke Claudia , Vogel Wichard 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundReactivation of viral infections, in particular cytomegalovirus (CMV) and adenovirus (ADV), cause morbidity and non‐relapse‐mortality in states of immune deficiency, especially after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo‐HCT). Against the background of few available pharmacologic antiviral agents, limited by toxicities and resistance, adoptive transfer of virus‐specific T‐cells (VST) is a promising therapeutic approach.MethodsWe conducted a single‐center retrospective analysis of adult patients treated with ADV‐ or CMV‐specific T‐cells in 2012–2022. Information was retrieved by review of electronic health records. Primary outcome was a response to VST by decreasing viral load or clinical improvement. Secondary outcomes included overall survival and safety of VST infusion, in particular association with graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD).ResultsTen patients were included, of whom four were treated for ADV, five for CMV, and one for ADV‐CMV‐coinfection. Cells were derived from stem cell donors (6/10) or third‐party donors (4/10). Response criteria were met by six of 10 patients (4/4 ADV, 2/5 CMV, and 0/1 ADV‐CMV). Overall survival was 40%. No infusion related adverse events were documented. Aggravation of GVHD after adoptive immunotherapy was observed in two cases, however in temporal association with a conventional donor lymphocyte infusion and a stem cell boost, respectively.ConclusionIn this cohort, CMV‐ and ADV‐specific T‐cell therapy appear to be safe and effective. We describe the first reported case of virus‐specific T‐cell therapy for CMV reactivation not associated with transplantation but with advanced HIV infection. This encourages further evaluation of adoptive immunotherapy beyond the context of allo‐HCT.
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Do firms hedge against political tensions? Evidence from Chinese food importers of Norwegian salmon
Authors: Li Haoran , Wan Xibo , Zhang Wendong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPolitical and economic tensions, which often jeopardise trade, are rising among the world's major powers, and countries like China are more frequently using food‐related trade actions to deal with deteriorating political relations. Using an event study approach, this paper investigates how importers respond to lasting political tensions by examining China's seafood importers' responses to the 6‐year Norway–China political tensions after Norway awarded Liu Xiaobo, a Chinese political dissident, a Nobel Peace Prize in 2010. Our results reveal firm‐level responses at both the intensive and extensive margins. At the intensive margin, firms that imported Norwegian fresh salmon before the sanction saw a 20% persistent decline in their fresh salmon import value and an 80% decrease in the import share of Norwegian fresh salmon products over our study period. At the extensive margin, we find a trade diversion effect that firms imported fresh salmon from Norway to other countries and regions, but also a consistent ‘political hedging’ effect 3 years after sanction with a 20% decline in the maximum import share from any particular country or region, even if not Norway.
Improving Supply Chains Through Material Handling
Authors: Gibson Tom 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
For logistics operations, pallets and forklift prongs have remained much the same over the past 50 years, while material handling systems have become more high-tech in warehouses, manufacturing plants, and shipping venues. In recent years, disrupted supply chains and increasing mail order volumes has forced technology improvements. Adding on are the difficulties many facilities face in filling manual labor positions, further pushing the material handling world to adopt a host of ever-changing technologies.
Design and Analysis of a New Non-Parasitic Parallel Mechanism for 2T1R Motion
Authors: Shen Huiping , Tang Yao , Ceccarelli Marco , Li Ju , Li Tao , He Hongbo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTwo-limb parallel mechanisms (PMs) can have several advantages, such as avoidance of mechanical collision, fairly simple architecture, easy assembly, and large workspace. The paper presents a novel two-limb three-degree-of-freedom (DOF) PM with two translations and one-rotation (2T1R) that are actuated by two sliders. The manipulator runs with decoupled position and orientation with forward position solution without parasitic motions. The main topological characteristics of the PM such as position and orientation characteristic (POC), DOF, and coupling degree are analyzed. Second, using the kinematic modeling method based on topological characteristics, the unified symbolic forward and inverse position solutions of the two configurations of the PM (I and II) are derived together with the workspace, rotational capacity, and singularity. Finally, a comparative analysis regarding the kinematics of two configurations (I and II) is carried out to find an optimal design configuration I of a PM for 2T1R motion.
Draft genome sequence of
Methanocalculus natronophilus
sp. strain Z-7105
T
, an alkaliphilic, methanogenic archaeon isolated from a soda lake
Authors: Elkassas Sabrina M. , Serres Margrethe H. , Richardson Derrick , Zhilina Tatyana N. , Huber Julie A. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

A methanogenic archaeon was isolated from bottom sediments in the vicinity of Lake Tanatar II (Altai, Russia), an alkaline soda lake. Here we present the draft genome sequence of
Methanocalculus natronophilus
sp. strain Z-7105
T
.
Auxin-mediated regulation of susceptibility to toxic metabolites, c-di-GMP levels, and phage infection in the rhizobacterium
Serratia plymuthica
Authors: Rico-Jiménez Miriam , Udaondo Zulema , Krell Tino , Matilla Miguel A. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

The communication between plants and their microbiota is highly dynamic and involves a complex network of signal molecules. Among them, the auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is a critical phytohormone that not only regulates plant growth and development, but is emerging as an important inter- and intra-kingdom signal that modulates many bacterial processes that are important during interaction with their plant hosts. However, the corresponding signaling cascades remain largely unknown. Here, we advance our understanding of the largely unknown mechanisms by which IAA carries out its regulatory functions in plant-associated bacteria. We showed that IAA caused important changes in the global transcriptome of the rhizobacterium
Serratia plymuthica
and multidisciplinary approaches revealed that IAA sensing interferes with the signaling mediated by other pivotal plant-derived signals such as amino acids and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. Exposure to IAA caused large alterations in the transcript levels of genes involved in amino acid metabolism, resulting in significant metabolic alterations. IAA treatment also increased resistance to toxic aromatic compounds through the induction of the AaeXAB pump, which also confers resistance to IAA. Furthermore, IAA promoted motility and severely inhibited biofilm formation; phenotypes that were associated with decreased c-di-GMP levels and capsule production. IAA increased capsule gene expression and enhanced bacterial sensitivity to a capsule-dependent phage. Additionally, IAA induced the expression of several genes involved in antibiotic resistance and led to changes in the susceptibility and responses to antibiotics with different mechanisms of action. Collectively, our study illustrates the complexity of IAA-mediated signaling in plant-associated bacteria.

IMPORTANCE
Signal sensing plays an important role in bacterial adaptation to ecological niches and hosts. This communication appears to be particularly important in plant-associated bacteria since they possess a large number of signal transduction systems that respond to a wide diversity of chemical, physical, and biological stimuli. IAA is emerging as a key inter- and intra-kingdom signal molecule that regulates a variety of bacterial processes. However, despite the extensive knowledge of the IAA-mediated regulatory mechanisms in plants, IAA signaling in bacteria remains largely unknown. Here, we provide insight into the diversity of mechanisms by which IAA regulates primary and secondary metabolism, biofilm formation, motility, antibiotic susceptibility, and phage sensitivity in a biocontrol rhizobacterium. This work has important implications for our understanding of bacterial ecology in plant environments and for the biotechnological and clinical applications of IAA, as well as related molecules.
Geographical altitude and stunting among children aged under 5 years in India
Authors: Phad Santosh Bhagwanrao , Siddiqui Laeek Ahemad , Khan Kacho Amir , Sinha Ratnesh , Rahman Mohammad Hifz Ur 
Published: June 2024

Introduction
Previous studies have found positive associations between higher geographical altitude and increased risk of stunting in children under 5 years old, but little evidence exists on this relationship in the Indian context specifically. Chronic exposure to high altitudes can impair food security, healthcare access, oxygen delivery and nutrient absorption, potentially increasing malnutrition.

Objective
To investigate the association between geographical altitude and stunting among children aged under 5 years in India.

Methods
Using data from the 2015–2016 National Family Health Survey, logistic regression was conducted to estimate the relationship between altitude and stunting, adjusting for child, maternal and household characteristics. The analysis included over 167 555 children under 5 years old.

Results
Children at higher altitudes had a significantly greater risk of stunting. Those at >2000+ metres had 40% higher adjusted odds of stunting than children below 1000 metres. The altitude–stunting association was stronger among rural children.

Conclusions
This study provides robust evidence that higher geographical altitude is an important risk factor for stunting among young children in India, especially those in rural areas. Targeted interventions to improve food security, healthcare access and nutrition in high-altitude regions could help to mitigate the higher burden of stunting in these areas.