bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ACARONEMUS, A NEW GENUS PROPOSED FOR TARSONEMID MITES (ACARI: PROSTIGMATA) PREDACEOUS ON TETRANYCHOID MITE EGGS
Authors: Lindquist Evert E. , Smiley Robert L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAcaronemus n. gen. is described, and its type-species, Tarsonemus destructor Smiley and Landwehr, 1976, is reillustrated. Other, undescribed species of Acaronemus are discussed briefly. Members of this genus are unique among the tarsonemid mites as known to date in preying on mite eggs.
TEMPERATURE INDUCED VARIATION IN THE RATES OF REPRODUCTIVE PROCESSES IN DENDROCTONUS RUFIPENNIS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE): A NEW APPROACH TO DETECTING CHANGES IN POPULATION QUALITY
Authors: Sahota T.S. , Thomson A.J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTo discover measurable parameters for detecting quality differences (with respect to reproduction) in insect populations, variations in temperature were utilized to obtain manifestation of quality at different levels. Rates of reproductive and associated processes such as yolk deposition, gallery excavation, and oviposition were measured in Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby) at four temperatures. Information presented here allows an estimation of D. rufipennis reproduction as affected by temperature. Among the various parameters measured the length of initial egg-free gallery and the number of eggs/unit productive gallery length and yolk deposition rate could be used to discriminate bark-beetle population quality. Rates of yolk deposition appeared most useful and widely applicable for this purpose.
PALAEODIPTERON WALKERI (DIPTERA: NYMPHOMYIIDAE) IN NORTHERN QUEBEC
Authors: Back C. , Wood D.M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPalaeodipteron walkeri Ide (Diptera: Nymphomyiidae) is recorded from watercourses of two northern Quebec localities. The known distribution of the species is thus extended to 54°N, in the subarctic zone. Collections were made in a wide variety of habitats. Nearly 200 adults and many larvae were captured; emergence rate of this supposedly uncommon insect reached 98 adults/m2/day. Habitats and sampling methods are described, and larval locomotion, phenology, distribution, and abundance are discussed.
STUDIES OF AEDES TRISERIATUS (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) OVIPOSITION ATTRACTANTS. EVIDENCE FOR ATTRACTANT PRODUCTION BY KAOLIN-TREATED LARVAE
Authors: McDaniel Ivan N. , Bentley Michael D. , Lee Hai-Poong , Yatagai Mitsuyoshi 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLarvae of both Aedes triseriatus (Say) and Aedes atropalpus (Coquillett) produce oviposition attractants active for A. triseriatus, even when the larvae are pretreated with kaolin. These experiments demonstrate that the earlier observed attractancy of larval holding waters was not simply due to the presence of waste matter or associated microorganisms from the larval gut. It is further shown that the active material may be extracted directly from the larvae into hexane or ether. It is also demonstrated that the larval produced oviposition attractants of these species are similar in their ability to attract gravid females of A. triseriatus.
SEASONAL OCCURRENCE AND ABUNDANCE IN A COMMUNITY OF WILD BEES FROM AN OLD FIELD HABITAT IN SOUTHERN ONTARIO
Authors: MacKay P.A. , Knerer G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAn apoidean community in southern Ontario was intensively sampled over two seasons. One hundred and forty-one species in six families were collected. The species–abundance relationship exhibited a log-normal distribution. Flight activity began before late April and continued past late September. Most species were active for only a brief portion of that period. The most abundant species were known to be primitively social. Thirty-six of the species were parasitic bees. A number of other specialized parasitoids of the orders Diptera, Coleoptera, and Hymenoptera were recorded.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHEROMONE TRAP CAPTURE AND EMERGENCE OF ADULT ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTHS, GRAPHOLITHA MOLESTA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Baker Thomas C. , Cardé Ring T. , Croft Brian A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPheromone trap capture of feral male Oriental fruit moths was highly correlated with capture of males emerging from ground litter in the spring of 1977 and 1978. The correlation between pheromone trap capture of males and female emergence was also good in 1978 but poor in 1977. It is concluded that pheromone monitoring traps are an accurate measure of the actual spring adult emergence pattern of this species.
DISPERSAL BEHAVIOR OF ADULT AEDES STICTICUS AND AEDES VEXANS (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) IN MANITOBA
Authors: Brust R. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn 1976 and 1977, adults of Aedes sticticus (Meigen) and Aedes vexans (Meigen), marked with fluorescent dust, were captured in light traps up to 33 days after release and at distances up to 11 km from the release site. Adults flew primarily northwest from the release sites, and with the prevailing winds. Porcine and bovine hosts present at some of the trapping sites, appeared to be highly attractive to female mosquitoes. Within an 8 km trapping radius of the release site, the mean number of marked/trapped female mosquitoes decreased with distance. In 1977, 50% of the marked captures (weighted according to km2 of trapping area) were taken within the first 2 km, 82% within 4 km, 92% within 6 km, and the remainder out to 8 km from the release site. For all trap sites, the mean recovery of marked/unmarked adults over a 33 day trapping period in 1977 was 1:1113.
REVISION OF THE GENUS EUDASYPHORA TOWNSEND (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE), AND REFLECTIONS ON ITS EVOLUTION
Authors: Cuny Robert 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe genus Eudasyphora Townsend 1911 is resurrected from junior synonymy and recognized with the genera Dasyphora Robineau-Desvoidy 1830 and Pyrellia Robineau-Desvoidy 1830. Rypellia Malloch 1932 is a subgenus of Eudasyphora, but Dasypyrellia Lobanov 1976 is reported as synonym novum. A key to the species of Eudasyphora is presented. Two new species are described: E. cordilleriana n. sp. from western North America, and E. canadiana n. sp. from northern North America. The phylogenetic and biogeographic analysis led to the following conclusions: Eudasyphora became separated from its sister genus Pyrellia before the beginning of the Pleistocene glaciations. The Rypellia line evolved further in the Oriental Region, whereas the Eudasyphora s. str. line developed in the Holarctic Region. Speciation in both subgenera is correlated with the history of the forest vegetation during the Pleistocene.
THE PHENOLOGY AND DISTRIBUTION OF APHIDS IN CALIFORNIA ALFALFA AS MODIFIED BY LADYBIRD BEETLE PREDATION (COLEOPTERA: COCCINELLIDAE)
Authors: Gutierrez A. P. , Summers C. G. , Baumgaertner J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe phenologies and distributions of pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris)), blue alfalfa aphid (A. kondoi (Shinji)), and spotted alfalfa aphid (Therioaphis maculata (Buckton)) were intensively studied in California alfalfa. The results showed, as expected, that aphid populations across all densities were aggregated; but that ladybird beetle (Hippodamia convergens (G.-M.)) predation increased the degree of aggregation. The distribution parameters of the aphids were estimated using methods developed by Iwao and Kuno (1971).
DESCRIPTION OF THE FEMALE OF XYSTICUS WINNIPEGENSIS (ARANEAE: THOMISIDAE)
Authors: Redner J. H. , Dondale C. D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe female of Xysticus winnipegensis Turnbull et al., 1965 is described for the first time. The external genitalia of the female show the species to belong to the luctuosus group of the genus rather than the triangulosus group as previously supposed.
A KEY TO MACROSIPHUM (SITOBION) SPP. (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) ON FERNS IN NORTH AMERICA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF FOUR NEW SPECIES
Authors: Robinson A. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA key is given to nine species of Macrosiphum (Sitobion) on ferns in North America, including four new species: M. (S.) lambi new species from Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth, in Algonquin Park, Ontario; M. (S.) woodsiae new species from Woodsia ilvensis (L.) R. Br., Manitoba and Northwest Territories; M. (S.) clydesmithi new species from "bracken fern" (Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn), Utah and Oregon; and M. (S.) walkeri new species from Nephrolepis exaltata (L.) Schott., Arcadia, California.
COMPETITION AND POPULATION QUALITY IN DENDROCTONUS RUFIPENNIS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)
Authors: Thomson A. J. , Sahota T. S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSpruce beetles (D. rufipennis) from a population homogeneous with respect to population quality were subjected to different degrees of competition at corresponding stages of their reproductive cycles by varying the spacing of individuals and by varying the time of introduction of individuals into the competitive environment. Competition effects increase with gallery accumulation, as suggested in previous studies, and result in subsequent reduction of gallery production and oviposition. Increase in individual beetle quality, however, confers increased powers of resistance to the competition effects. Initial egg-free length is an unsuitable attribute for comparisons of populations. Expression of reproductive efficiency is a dynamic population characteristic which varies over the reproductive cycle, and which may be readily estimated by measurement of yolk deposition rate. For comparing populations, such measurements would be more valuable when carried out before the onset of competition effects. Individuals with the highest quality at the start of the egg-production cycle exhibit the highest reproductive efficiency as conditions change.
BIOSYSTEMATICS OF THE GENUS EUXOA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) XVI. (Z)-5-DECENYL ACETATE A SEX ATTRACTANT FOR THREE CLOSELY RELATED SPECIES, EUXOA DECLARATA, EUXOA CAMPESTRIS, AND EUXOA ROCKBURNEI
Authors: Underhill E. W. , Steck W. F. , Byers J. R. , Chisholm M. D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe three closely related species of Euxoa cutworm moths comprising the declarata group gave identical male antennal responses to synthetic C10 to C18 alkenyl derivatives. An extract and a solution of the volatile emissions from E. campestris females when fractionated by gas chromatography yielded a single EAG-active fraction whose elution corresponded to a C10 acetate. The active component was assigned (Z)-5-decenyl acetate based on its mass spectrum and capillary GC retention time and the EAG responses of campestris males to isomeric decenyl acetates. Field trials demonstrated (Z)-5-decenyl acetate attracted males of all three species although it was not as attractive as live females. Attraction was suppressed by (Z)-5-dodecenyl actate, (Z)-7-dodecenyl alcohol, and (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate.
THE ADULT OF DRUNELLA ALLEGHENIENSIS (EPHEMEROPTERA: EPHEMERELLIDAE) WITH BIOLOGICAL NOTES
Authors: Kondratieff Boris C. , Voshell J. Reese , Howell Douglas A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe adult stage of Drunella allegheniensis (Traver) is described for the first time. Characters separating it from the closely related D. tuberculata (Morgan) are summarized, and the existing taxonomic key to the group is modified to include D. allegheniensis. Other species of Ephemeroptera associated with D. allegheniensis are reported along with observations on its biology.
BIOLOGY OF ANCYLIS DISCIGERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Claflin Susan H. , Allen Douglas C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAncylis discigerana (Walker) is a univoltine leaf folder of yellow birch. Final instar larvae overwinter in litter and pupate from mid-April through mid-May. Adults emerge in early June and deposit single eggs on the upper surface of a leaf, usually on a major leaf vein or other small depression in the epidermis. The first two instars skeletonize the lower surface of a leaf, beneath a sheet of silk that is constructed between two lateral veins. Third-instar larvae move to the upper surface of a different leaf and fold it lengthwise. Larvae feed on the upper epidermis within the fold until leaf-fall. Life stages are described.An egg parasitoid, Trichogramma minutum Riley, and a larval parasitoid, Apanteles polychrosidis Viereck, were the major natural enemies in the population studied.A key is presented for three species of Ancylis found on yellow birch.
DESCRIPTION OF THE LAST INSTAR LARVA OF THE CABBAGE WEBWORM, HELLULA ROGATALIS (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE), WITH A KEY TO LARVAE OF NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF HELLULA GUENÉE
Authors: Allyson Suzanne 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe last instar larva of Hellula rogatalis (Hulst) is described and illustrated. Diagnostic characters of the genus are given, and a key included for the North American species. Larvae of this genus are compared with those of Dicymolomia Zeller.
OVIPOSITION SITES OF AEDES VEXANS (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE): WET-PRAIRIE HABITATS
Authors: Novak Robert J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIntensive sampling for eggs of Aedes vexans (Meigen) in upland wet-prairie habitats revealed that three species of plant, Echinochloa crusgalli (barnyard grass), Polygonum pennsylvanicum (smartweed), and Cyperus esculentus (yellow nutgrass), commonly occurring in contiguous U.S.A. and southern Canada and dense mats of vegetative detritus could be used as indicators of oviposition sites. Where a slope was steep, specific elevations indicated oviposition site preferences. Plant species and elevation were both indicators of areas where soil moisture was attractive to gravid females. Soil moistures between 55% and 69% were found optimal for oviposition.
A REVISION OF THE GENUS SESIOPLEX (HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEUMONIDAE) OF NORTH AMERICA
Authors: Sanborne Michael 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTwo species of the genus Sesioplex Viereck of North America are revised. One new species, californicus, is described, the other, depressus Viereck, is redescribed. The limits of the genus are redefined and a key to adults is provided. The important taxonomic features of both species are illustrated by line drawings.
EFFECT OF POTATO FOLIAGE INFECTED WITH POTATO LEAFROLL VIRUS ON FECUNDITY AND LONGEVITY OF THE COLORADO POTATO BEETLE, LEPTINOTARSA DECEMLINEATA (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)
Authors: Boiteau G. , Singh R. P. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFemale Colorado potato beetles fed foliage of Solarium tuberosum of the Russet Burbank variety infected with potato leafroll virus have lower fecundity and shorter longevity than those fed virus-free foliage. Also, female beetles prefer feeding on foliage infected with potato leafroll virus. This observation could be of importance in the development of resistant varieties of potatoes to potato beetles.
EFFECTS OF SEQUENTIAL ATTACK ON GALLERY CONSTRUCTION, OVIPOSITION, AND RE-EMERGENCE BY DENDROCTONUS FRONTALIS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)
Authors: Wagner Terence L. , Fargo W. Scott , Keeley Larry L. , Coulson Robert N. , Cover John D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe effects of sequential attack on gallery construction, oviposition, and reemergence by Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann were studied in the laboratory at 25 °C. Six mating pairs were allowed to attack bark slabs in groups of 2 pairs every 2 days. Total gallery and eggs per pair decreased with increasing day of attack. The time of attack had little effect on the distance and time from the gallery origin to the first egg. Distances between eggs were shortest for pairs attacking second and greatest for pairs attacking last. Inverse relationships of egg-bearing gallery length, oviposition period, and adult residence time were observed with the day of attack.The basic behavioral and physiological mechanisms thought to influence reproduction of D. frontalis are discussed. A hypothesis for termination of oviposition is formulated from these mechanisms, which provides greater understanding of the effects of attack density on reproduction.
ENVIRONMENTAL AND GENETIC EFFECTS ON MEAN EGG WEIGHT IN SPRUCE BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Harvey G. T. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLaboratory studies of the mean weights of initial eggs (Ei) of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), show that this value is determined by the genetic constitution of the female moth and is relatively independent of environmental control. Dietary differences experienced by the female during larval development, and originating from different hosts or from reduced nutrient levels in artificial diets, did not affect Ei values; however, depletion of nutrients sufficient to reduce fertility greatly did reduce Ei. Temperature conditions during the ultimate larval and pupal stages influence Ei values which vary inversely. Mean egg weights are strongly heritable and are readily selected for, thereby demonstrating the presence of strong genetic control.
MORTALITY OF LARVAE IN STOCKED COHORTS OF THE DOUGLAS-FIR TUSSOCK MOTH, ORGYIA PSEUDOTSUGATA (LEPIDOPTERA: LYMANTRIIDAE)
Authors: Mason R. R. , Torgersen T. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractCohorts of instar I larvae of the Douglas-fir tussock moth, Orgyia pseudotsugata, were stocked on branches of white fir, Abies concolor. Branches were either exposed naturally over drop-trays or protected with cages of nylon netting. Only 8.7% of the larvae in exposed cohorts survived to pupate, compared with 68.0% survival in caged cohorts where dispersal and predation were prevented. Losses from the exposed cohorts were caused mostly by arthropod predation, disappearance, and non-replaced dispersal. Disappearance of early larvae was attributed primarily to predation by spiders and insects while disappearance of late larvae was suspected to be due mostly to bird predation. In an analysis of k-values, actual or suspected predation accounted for 47.2% and dispersal 40.5% of the total loss.
DESCRIPTION OF ADULTS OF A NEW SPECIES OF GEAYIA (ACARI: PARASITENGONA: KRENDOWSKIIDAE) FROM SOUTHERN ONTARIO
Authors: Smith Ian M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAdults of Geayia ontarioensis n. sp. are described. Members of this species exhibit character states of the tibia of the pedipalp and of the legs characteristic of Geayia (s.s.), but differ from all other members of the subgenus in having 5 rather than 4 pairs of genital acetabula. A revised diagnosis of Geayia (s.s.) is presented.
SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF LARVAL INGESTION RATES IN THE SPRUCE BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Retnakaran Arthur 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe food intake of fourth, fifth, and sixth instar spruce budworm,Choristoneura fumiferanaClemens, was investigated by feeding larvae for 24 h artificial diet incorporating amaranth dye. Amaranth was selected because it followed Beer's law over a wide concentration range, mixed well with the meridic diet, could be extracted in ice-cold water, was not absorbed by larval tissue, had minimal feeding deterrence as well as marginal adverse chronic effects on the larvae, and finally had negligible effect on ingestion rate over a 24 h period. The results indicated that 6th instars consumed 20 times and 5th instars 3 times as much as 4th instars, but when compared on a body weight basis the ingestion rate was similar in all three instars. Temperature and photoperiod influenced the rate of food intake. The application of these findings in assessing defoliation to the forests as well as estimating dosage of pesticides for control of this species are discussed.
IDENTIFICATION OF THREE SPECIES OF PROTEOTERAS (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) ATTACKING SHOOTS OF MANITOBA MAPLE IN THE CANADIAN PRAIRIES
Authors: Wong H. R. , Drouin J. A. , Szlabey D. L. , Dang P. T. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLarvae of three species of Proteoteras (P. willingana (Kearfott), P. crescentana Kearfott, and P. aesculana Riley) attack shoots of Manitoba maple (Acer negundo L.) in the Canadian prairies. Larvae of P. willingana and P. crescentana have been confused because both cause gall formations on Manitoba maple and both lack the anal fork that is present in P. aesculana. This paper describes the ultimate larval instar and pupa of P. crescentana. Keys are presented to separate mature larvae, pupae, and adults of the three species.
PARASITE AND PREDATOR COMPONENT OF WITHIN-TREE SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) MORTALITY
Authors: Linit M. J. , Stephen F. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe parasite and predator component of within-tree southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, mortality was investigated by mechanically excluding insect parasites and predators from the bark surface of naturally infested shortleaf, Pinus echinata Mill., and loblolly, P. taeda L., pines. Mortality caused by insect parasites and predators was determined by comparisons of five treatments that differed only in the duration of natural enemy exclusion. These natural enemies were responsible for 28.04% and 23.85% of the within-tree beetle mortality in 1978 in Arkansas and in 1979 in Georgia, respectively. Natural enemy species that arrived on the tree during the first week following mass attack by beetles caused the greatest amount of mortality.Predator density was greater than parasite density at both locations. The majority of the predator complex arrived during the first week following mass attack by beetles, while the parasite complex arrived throughout the entire period of beetle brood development.A linear response was found between the number of southern pine beetle prey and the number of prey destroyed per predator. A mean (± S.E.) of 4.79 ± 0.64 southern pine beetle immatures were destroyed by each individual predator.
THE SPECIES OF EUCHEILOID PERICALINA: CLASSIFICATION AND EVOLUTIONARY CONSIDERATIONS (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE: LEBIINI)
Authors: Ball G. E. , Shpeley D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe endemic New World eucheiloid complex is distinguished from the other complexes (thyreopteroid, eurycoleoid, somotrichoid, and pericaloid) of pericaline Lebiini by securiform labial palpomere 3, serrate-setose margins of the pronotum, and flattened stylomere 2 of the ovipositor. The geographical range of eucheiloids extends from northern Argentina to southernmost United States (Brownsville, Texas). All taxa are believed to be arboreal. A key distinguishes among the three genera and 16 species, and each taxon is characterized in terms of structural features, habitat, and geographical distribution. The genera are:Hansus, new genus (generitype—H. reichardti, new species);InnaPutzeys (generitype—Inna punctataPutzeys =Polystichus boyeri(Solier)); andEucheilaDejean (generitype—Euchyla flavilabris(Dejean)). Seven new species and one new subspecies are described:Hansus reichardti(type locality—Guyana, EssequiboR.. Morrabali Ck.);Inna palpalis,I. atrata arbor, andI. inpa(type locality—Brazil, Amazonas, near Manaus);I. purpurea(type locality—Brazil, Amazonas, 60 km n. Manaus);I. splendens(type locality—Venezuela, Aragua, Rancho Grande);Eucheila adisi(type locality—Brazil, Amazonas, 60 km n. Manaus); andE. cordova(type locality—México, Veracruz, Cordova). The following new synonymies of specific names are proposed (valid names listed first):Inna costulataChaudoir, 1872 =I. granulataChaudoir, 1872;Inna boyeri(Solier, 1835) =I. punctataPutzeys, 1863, andI. texanaSchaeffer, 1910. A reconstructed phylogeny of the eucheiloids, based on analysis of 60 character states included in 33 characters, shows thatHansusis sister group of the ancestral stock ofInna+Eucheila. Evolutionary modifications have affected principally body size, head and mouthparts (feeding and associated adaptations), reproductive structures, and features of the body surface thought to be associated with avoidance of predators (concealment and flash coloration). Diversification may also have involved differentiation by habitat (type of forest occupied). The principal theater of evolution has been tropical South America, with incursions both southward and northward. Middle America has been invaded by five lineages, probably during Cenozoic time, from Middle Tertiary to the Quaternary. Of these lineages, three are represented in Middle America by endemic species:E. cordova,I. planipennisBates, andI. nevermanniLiebke. Two lineages are represented by species whose ranges extend northward from South America:I. costulataChaudoir andI. boyeri(Solier).