bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digestive efficiency of Knysna and purple-crested turacos fed varying concentrations of equicaloric and equimolar artificial fruit
Authors: Wilson Amy-Leigh , Downs Colleen T. 
Published: January 2011

SUMMARYAvian frugivores have been somewhat poorly studied with regards to the effects that different fruit sugar types and concentrations have on their digestive efficiencies. Therefore, two relatively large South African frugivores, the Knysna turaco (Tauraco corythaix) and the purple-crested turaco (Gallirex porphyreolophus), were fed artificial fruit that contained equicaloric and equimolar concentrations of different sugars, to determine their daily food and energy intake, digestive efficiencies and digestive transit times. The artificial fruit contained 6.6, 12.4 or 22%, or 0.42, 0.83 or 1.66 mol l–1 sucrose or glucose. Food intake of both turaco species increased with decreasing sugar concentration and molarity, irrespective of sugar type, suggesting compensatory mechanisms for energy requirements. Apparent assimilation efficiencies of both turaco species ranged from 61.4-90.0% and 60.2-92.4% for equicaloric and equimolar artificial fruit diets, respectively. Digestive transit times for both turaco species were slowed with an increase in sugar concentration and molarity, irrespective of sugar type. Consequently these two frugivores appear to be tolerant of sugar type and would be expected to select fruits based on energy yields. Future studies of the composition of indigenous forest fruit sugars may give insight into food preferences of the turaco species and their role as potential seed dispersers of fruiting tree species.
Deconstructing honeybee vitellogenin: novel 40 kDa fragment assigned to its N terminus
Authors: Havukainen Heli , Halskau Øyvind , Skjaerven Lars , Smedal Bente , Amdam Gro V. 
Published: January 2011

SUMMARY
Vitellogenin, an egg-yolk protein precursor common to oviparous animals, is found abundantly in honeybee workers – a caste of helpers that do not usually lay eggs. Instead, honeybee vitellogenin (180 kDa) participates in processes other than reproduction: it influences hormone signaling, food-related behavior, immunity, stress resistance and longevity. The molecular basis of these functions is largely unknown. Here, we establish and compare the molecular properties of vitellogenin from honeybee hemolymph (blood) and abdominal fat body, two compartments that are linked to vitellogenin functions. Our results reveal a novel 40 kDa vitellogenin fragment in abdominal fat body tissue, the main site for vitellogenin synthesis and storage. Using MALDI-TOF combined with MS/MS mass-spectroscopy, we assign the 40 kDa fragment to the N terminus of vitellogenin, whereas a previously observed 150 kDa fragment corresponded to the remainder of the protein. We show that both protein units are N glycosylated and phosphorylated. Focusing on the novel 40 kDa fragment, we present a homology model based on the structure of lamprey lipovitellin that includes a conserved β-barrel-like shape, with a lipophilic cavity in the interior and two insect-specific loops that have not been described before. Our data indicate that the honeybee fat body vitellogenin experiences cleavage unlike hemolymph vitellogenin, a pattern that can suggest a tissue-specific role. Our experiments advance the molecular understanding of vitellogenin, of which the multiple physiological and behavioral effects in honeybees are well established.
Woods Charred at Low Temperatures and Their Modification for the Adsorption of Cr(VI) Ions from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Li Zhenze , Katsumi Takeshi , Inui Toru , Imaizumi Shigeyoshi 
Published: January 2011

Despite being prepared at higher temperatures and involving greater energy consumption, activated carbons always show a smaller capacity and affinity towards the adsorption of Cr(VI) ions. After a brief review regarding Cr(VI) ion contamination and treatment, the preparation of a novel biosorbent from pyrolyzed wood char for Cr(VI) ion adsorption is described. Pyrolysis was conducted at temperatures within the range 200–350 °C, thereby helping to protect beneficial functional groups, saving energy and hence reducing costs. The influence of pH, concentration, adsorbent dosage, ionic strength and equilibration time on Cr(VI) ion adsorption by this biosorbent was investigated. It was shown that the char obtained at 200 °C possessed the highest Cr(VI) ion retention capacity (31.96 mg/g) but required the longest equilibration time (> 47 d). Coating the char with nano-scale iron oxide greatly improved its adsorption affinity towards Cr(VI) ions, with a higher adsorption affinity (Henry's law Kd = 2.988 ℓ/mg) and an enhanced Cr(VI) ion adsorption capacity (53.45 mg/g) being accomplished within a much shorter equilibration time (24 h). Spectroscopic studies confirmed that complexation of Cr(VI) ions occurred via surface hydroxy groups. The methods proposed for preparing and modifying wood char are likely to be applicable in industrial wastewater treatment.
Plasma N-Glycan Profiling by Mass Spectrometry for Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation Type II
Authors: Guillard Maïlys , Morava Eva , van Delft Floris L , Hague Rosie , Körner Christian , Adamowicz Maciej , Wevers Ron A , Lefeber Dirk J 
Published: January 2011

BACKGROUND
Determination of the genetic defect in patients with a congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG) is challenging because of the wide clinical presentation, the large number of gene products involved, and the occurrence of secondary causes of underglycosylation. Transferrin isoelectric focusing has been the method of choice for CDG screening; however, improved methods are required for the molecular diagnosis of patients with CDG type II.

METHODS
Plasma samples with a typical transferrin isofocusing profile were analyzed. N-glycans were released from these samples by PNGase F [peptide-N4-(acetyl-β-glucosaminyl)-asparagine amidase] digestion, permethylated and purified, and measured on a MALDI linear ion trap mass spectrometer. A set of 38 glycans was used for quantitative comparison and to establish reference intervals for such glycan features as the number of antennae, the level of truncation, and fucosylation. Plasma N-glycans from control individuals, patients with known CDG type II defects, and patients with a secondary cause of underglycosylation were analyzed.

RESULTS
CDGs due to mannosyl (α-1,6-)-glycoprotein β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (MGAT2), β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 (B4GALT1), and SLC35C1 (a GDP-fucose transporter) defects could be diagnosed directly from the N-glycan profile. CDGs due to defects in proteins involved in Golgi trafficking, such as subunit 7 of the conserved oligomeric Golgi complex (COG7) and subunit V0 a2 of the lysosomal H+-transporting ATPase (ATP6V0A2) caused a loss of triantennary N-glycans and an increase of truncated structures. Secondary causes with liver involvement were characterized by increased fucosylation, whereas the presence of plasma sialidase produced isolated undersialylation.

CONCLUSIONS
MALDI ion trap analysis of plasma N-glycans documents features that discriminate between primary and secondary causes of underglycosylation and should be applied as the first step in the diagnostic track of all patients with an unsolved CDG type II.
Enhancement of Heat Transfer Characteristics of Transformer Oil by Addition of Aluminium Nanoparticles
Authors: Rajesh E. , Prabhu K. Narayan 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
A two step approach involving the synthesis of Al nanoparticles by mechanical milling followed by dispersion of the nanoparticles in the base fluid is adopted in the present work to prepare transformer oil based nanofluids. Stainless steel (AISI 304) probes of diameter 15 mm and height 70 mm were used to determine the cooling rate intensities of nanofluids. Heat transfer coefficients were determined using Kobasko’s method. A dynamic contact angle analyzer was used to determine the contact angle of the droplet on the substrate. The addition of Al nanoparticles to the base fluid decreases the wettability and improves its heat transfer capability. The vapour phase stage existed for a longer period of time for transformer oil than for Al-transformer oil based nanofluids. The dispersion of nanoparticles in the base fluid is believed to disrupt the vapour blanket stage in the early stage of the cooling process. The peak heat transfer coefficient increases with an increase in the Al nanoparticle content in the oil. The addition of 0.5 vol % nanoparticles enhances the peak heat transfer coefficient by about 70 %.
Analysis of stunter1, a Maize Mutant with Reduced Gametophyte Size and Maternal Effects on Seed Development
Authors: Phillips Allison R , Evans Matthew M S 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Many higher eukaryotes have evolved strategies for the maternal control of growth and development of their offspring. In higher plants this is achieved in part by postmeiotic gene activity controlling the development of the haploid female gametophyte. stunter1 (stt1) is a novel, recessive, maternal effect mutant in maize that displays viable, miniature kernels. Maternal inheritance of stt1 results in seeds with reduced but otherwise normal endosperms and embryos. The stt1 mutation displays reduced transmission through the male and female parents and causes significant changes in the sizes of both male and female gametophytes. stt1 pollen grains are smaller than wild type, have reduced germination efficiency, and reduced pollen tube growth. stt1 embryo sacs have smaller central cells and abnormal antipodal cells that are larger, more vacuolated, and fewer in number than wild type. Embryos and endosperms produced by fertilization of stt1 embryo sacs develop and grow more slowly than wild type. The data suggest that the morphology of mutant embryo sacs influences endosperm development, leading to the production of miniature kernels in stt1. Analysis of seeds carrying a mutant maternal allele of stt1 over a deletion of the paternal allele demonstrates that both parental alleles are active after fertilization in both the endosperm and embryo. This analysis also indicates that embryo development until the globular stage in maize can proceed without endosperm development and is likely supported directly by the diploid mother plant.
Dental Arch Relationship Outcomes in Children with Complete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Treated at Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia
Authors: Love Robert , Walters Mark , Southall Peter , Singer Steve , Gillett David 
Published: January 2011

Objectives To (1) audit dental arch relationships of all children born between 1982 and 1999 with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) treated at the Cleft Lip and Palate Unit, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children (PMH), Perth, Western Australia, (2) assess the distribution of GOSLON ratings from dental casts taken at 9 years, (3) compare the 9-year GOSLON ratings for “High” and “Low” caseload surgeons, and (4) compare the 9-year PMH GOSLON ratings with published ratings from other units. Design Retrospective audit of dental casts and medical charts. Patients Dental casts were retrieved for 71 children (47 boys and 24 girls) at 9 years of age. Main Outcome Measures GOSLON ratings. Results Sixty-eight percent of patients had an excellent to satisfactory dental arch relationship (GOSLON Yardstick ratings 1 to 3) at 9 years with a mean rating of 2.85. High caseload surgeons achieved statistically better mean GOSLON ratings than low caseload surgeons (2.72 and 3.33, respectively). Conclusions PMH Cleft Unit's dental arch relationship outcomes are comparable to published series of units using similar treatment protocols. High caseload surgeons achieved better dental arch relationships than low caseload surgeons.
Enhancing Safety Using New IT Technologies in Data Centers
Authors: Alouni Rafat , Bokhari Mohammed , Al-Otaibi Bandar 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The rapid growth in demand for large scale computing capabilities in the Energy sector has forced companies to look at new ways of maximizing their data center space utilization and increasing the energy efficiency while maintaining a safe work environment. The use of high density hardware has allowed data centers to have very dense configurations with minimal floor space, however, it introduced new types of operational and safety challenges.
Poor monitoring of the data center environment, which includes temperature and humidity levels, could lead to potential safety risks. Undetected hot spots and significant rises in the temperature could create an unhealthy work environment for operators, and along with poor housekeeping that could lead to fires, endangering the staff and facilities. Similarly, electrostatic discharge (ESD) resulting from low humidity levels could increase hardware failure rates while high humidity levels could cause electrical shorts and corrosion as a result of water condensation [6].
In this paper, we will share Saudi Aramco's Exploration and Petroleum Engineering Center (EXPEC) Computer Center experience in addressing the challenges associated with the use of high density hardware and in enhancing Data Center Safety by using Air Flow Simulation and wireless monitoring software.
The Way towards Safe Operations around Populated Areas
Authors: Mashabi Loay O. , Al-Quwaisim Hussain A. , Arnaout Ibrahim H. , Al-Otaibi Nashi M. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
This paper explains the utilization of technology to assure the safety of populated areas and surface facilities that lie above an oil field. It describes safety enhancements applied to 22 wells, which are located near populated areas or surface facilities. The project includes the utilization of several subsurface technologies requiring workover operations, such as a permanent downhole monitoring system (PDHMS) or distributed temperature system (DTS); as well as surface technologies such, as H2S, pressure and temperature sensors. This paper explains how these different pieces of equipment are connected to an emergency shut-down system (ESD), which secures the well immediately in case of an emergency. Finally, this paper explains how the project integrates these different technologies through a Supervisory Controlled and Data Acquisition System (SCADA) system by bringing the stream of data to the engineers' desktops, giving them remote control over the wells.
Highlights of Munger's 25 Tendencies of Human Misjudgment
Authors: Kuo W. H. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The hallmark of an excellent professional is impeccable judgment, perhaps more so for managers. To make good judgments, one must be cognizant of human tendencies to err in a predictable and systematic way. Charlie Munger, Vice Chairman of Berkshire Hathawa and a long-time partner of Warren Buffett, the world's second richest man after Bill Gates, arrived at 25 psychological tendencies of human misjudgment, which he has presented in lectures at Caltech and Harvard, and is published in a book entitled Poor Charlie's Almanack in a chapter called The Psychology of Human Misjudgment.
In applying his construct, Munger gives lucid illustrations of historical blunders as examples. His also provides definitive antidotes to obviate making such predictable and systematic judgment errors. A professional or manager not only may apply Munger's "antidotes" to prevent one's own misjudgments; he could also transform his opponent's missteps into his own competitive advantages.
Due to the limitation of time, only highlights of Munger's 25 misjudgment tendencies will be presented. The objective of this presentation is to integrate key elements of the Buffett-Munger's legendary excellence in investment decisions in our own professional skill set.
Munger's 25 psychological tendencies for misjudgment are: Reward and Punishment Superresponse tendencyLiking/Loving TendencyDisliking/Hating TendencyDoubt-Avoidance TendencyInconsistency-Avoidance TendencyCuriosity TendencyKantian Fairness TendencyEnvy/Jealousy TendencyReciprocation TendencyInfluence-from-Mere-Association TendencySimple, Pain-Avoiding Psychological DenialExcessive Self-Regard TendencyOveroptimism TendencyDeprival-Superreaction TendencySocial-Proof TendencyContrast-Misreaction TendencyStress-Influence TendencyAvailability-Misweighing TendencyUse-It-or-Lose-It TendencyDrug-Misinfluence TendencySenescence-Misinfluence TendencyAuthority-Misinfluence TendencyTwaddle TendencyReason-Respecting TendencyLollapalooza Tendency
New Method to Improve On-site Safety with IR Gas Cloud Imaging System
Authors: Haumonte Jean-Baptiste 
Published: January 2011

Abstract

NEW METHOD TO IMPROVE ON-SITE SAFETY WITH IR GAS CLOUD IMAGING SYSTEM
This paper will present a brand-new stand-off gas detection system using a multispectral infrared imaging technology. This system allows seeing the size, localization and behavior of a gas cloud in real time. The goal of this system is to enhance the level of safety and security in petrochemicals plants. This is possible thanks to a new redundant technology which allow the safety units to use a camera to globally monitor the dangerous areas of their installation. By multiplying technologies involved in the security monitoring process, it is possible to reduce the number of misdetection. The main goal of this paper is to describe the involved technology and results which can be obtained by using such a system to detect gases cloud propagating in dangerous environments.
The principle is based on physical properties of gases. Each gas has its own absorption spectrum and can present typical absorption lines in infrared LWIR bands (8 to 14 µm). The system uses the particular pattern lines which enables them to be identified from several gases. The system uses the scene background as an infrared source, and image processing algorithms to highlight the presence of a gas cloud in the field of view. The evaluation of the quantity of gas is carried out by a three differential infrared imaging process: spatial, spectral, and temporal fields.
This technology has been developed several years ago in partnership with the French Defence Agency (MoD). The goal was to meet the requirement for an early warning caused by a chemical threat. With a night & day efficiency of up to 2km and 60°filed of view, this process is able to detect all main gases such as Toxic Industrial Compounds (TICs) and Inflammable Gases (IG). Only some gases cannot be detected because they don't have any absorption line in the LWIR (Cl2 or HF for instance).
The system measures the concentration along the line of sight and this paper will detail the sensitivity that can be obtained like 2 ppm.m for SF6, 35 ppm.m for SO2, 260 ppm.m for NH3 or 500 ppm.m for C2H4.
Underground Biobarrier Formation for Preventing Contamination Migration
Authors: Soudmand-asli Alireza , Shariatpanahi S. Farzad , Emadi S. Hossein , Roozbehani Behrooz 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Contamination of soil is one of the main concerns in petroleum industries. Several methods including physical, chemical and biological methods have been developed to remove soil contaminants. None of which seems to be able to effectively prevent the propagation of contaminants towards the ground water.
Biobarrier technology has been shown to be promissing method for such purpose. Drilling shallow injection wells and injecting starved exopolymer-producing bacteria and then nutrients into the drilled wells around the contaminated zone are the sequences of creating an underground biobarrier.
In this paper, the effectiveness of two exopolymer-producing bacteria (i.e. Bacillus licheniformis and Leuconostoc mesenteroides) to construct biobarriers in a sand packed column at different temperatures (25-55°C) and salinities (0-10% w/v of NaCl) are avaluated. The results show that at 40 °C and moderate salt concentrations, B. licheniformis can significantly reduce the soil permeability whereas lower temperatures and salt concentration favor biobarrier formation by L. mesenteroides. For both bacteria, the extreme soil plugs are noticed to be between 72 and 120 hours after injection of the inoculated medium. Furthermore, a 2D glass micromodel is employed to observe the pore-scale development of biobarrier preventing Dense Nonaqueous-Phase Liquids (DNAPLs) migration.
5S and its Effect on HSE Performance
Authors: Ghany Wael Abdel 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
5S, a process improvement tool of the Lean Six Sigma program, focuses on the reduction of wasted resources in processes; it is a pervasive, empowered method that is oriented toward the systematic and continuous elimination of wastes. Halliburton is one of the pioneering companies in the application of this program.
The 5S component is designed to remove potential performance barriers, eliminate non-essential items, clean equipment and tools in the work area, develop standards to enhance production, promote consistency, and instill the discipline necessary to sustain these efforts in the future. The name, 5S, is derived from goals of this Lean Six Sigma component: sort, set in order, shine, standardize, and sustain.
This program has been used in the UAE, and its effectiveness is evident in the improvements made in both facilities and field sites. These improvements have contributed to six years without a lost-time incident (LTI). In addition, in 2009, more than 98% of jobs at rigsites were performed with no health, safety, and environment (HSE) or service quality issues.
This program requires employees’ involvement and training to increase their awareness and to ensure their understanding. Each facility has a 5S team. Most work areas have implemented this program; this implementation is confirmed by frequent 5S audits.
The program is cost effective because it has diminshed accidents in work areas, which has reduced the direct and indirect costs that follow an incident. In the process of eliminating a great deal of waste, 5S has made additional space available that is now used for housekeeping purposes. Enhanced housekeeping acts to minimize the possibility of damage to property or equipment. In addition, all equipment now has an assigned location that is within easy reach; this has enabled the preparation of equipment to be sent to the customer sites on time, with no delays.
5S, a mainstay for constant improvement, develops a cutting-edge program to revolutionize products, processes, and services. Moreover, 5S promotes greater productivity, produces fewer defects and lost information, improves on-time delivery rates, and provides for a more efficient workplace.