bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro study on vertical transmission of the HIV‐1 gag gene by human sperm
Authors: Wang Dian , Kang Xiang‐Jin , Li Lian‐Bing , Xie Qing‐Dong , Gao Yu‐Sen , Huang Tian‐Hua 
Published: November 2010

AbstractHIV/AIDS is a major public health problem worldwide. To explore the feasibility of HIV vertical transmission by human sperm, plasmid construction and transfection, interspecific in vitro fertilization of zona‐free hamster ova by human sperm, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), RT‐PCR, and immunofluorescence assay (IFA) were carried out. The FISH signals for HIV‐1 gag DNA were observed in the nuclei and chromosomes of transfected human sperm, male pronuclei of zygotes, and nuclei of blastomeres of two‐cell embryos, indicating that the HIV‐1 gag gene could be transmitted via the sperm membrane and integrated into the sperm genome. In contrast, human sperm carrying the target gene achieved normal fertilization, and replication of the sperm‐mediated target gene was synchronized with the host genome. Using RT‐PCR, the positive bands for the target gene were observed in the transfected human sperm and two‐cell embryos. These results further confirm that the target gene can be transcribed into mRNA in human sperm and embryonic cells. Positive signals for the HIV‐1 p24 gag protein were shown by IFA in two‐cell embryos containing the sperm‐mediated target gene and not in the transfected human sperm, which indicated that the sperm‐mediated target gene could be translated to make HIV‐1 p24 gag protein in embryonic cells, but not in sperm cells. The results provide evidence for possible vertical transmission of the HIV‐1 gag gene to the embryo by fertilizing sperm in vitro. J. Med. Virol. 83:16–23, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Low prevalence of HPV in Brazilian children with retinoblastoma
Authors: Antoneli Célia B.G. , Ribeiro Karina B. , Sredni Simone T. , Arias Victor E.A. , Andreoli Maria A. , de Camargo Beatriz , Sobrinho João S. , Prado José C.M. , Soares Fernando A. , Villa Luisa L. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractRetinoblastoma is the most frequent intra‐ocular malignant tumor of the childhood, occurring in 1 of 18,000–30,000 live births. Little is known about the causes of sporadic retinoblastoma and only a few authors have investigated the etiologic role of human papillomavirus (HPV), with controversial results. Formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue blocks containing retinoblastoma were retrieved from the archives of the Department of Pathology at Hospital A C Camargo, São Paulo, Brazil. All patients were treated with enucleation (21 children had both eyes enucleated). Retinoblastoma and, when possible, normal retina of each specimen, were micro‐dissected under direct light microscopic visualization by using a PixCell II Laser Capture Micro‐dissection System. The DNA quality was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of 110 base pairs fragment of the human β‐globin gene using primers PCO3+/PCO4+. All globin positive specimens were analyzed by PCR for the presence of HPV DNA using consensus primers GP5+/GP6+. A total of 154 specimens were evaluated. Forty‐four patients also had normal retinal specimens available for analysis of DNA HPV. The DNA HPV prevalence among all tumor specimens was 4.6% (95% CI 2.0; 8.8) (7 positive specimens/153 adequate specimens). Among normal retinal specimens, the DNA HPV prevalence was 9.1% (95% CI 2.9; 20.5) (4 positive specimens/44 specimens). There was no statistically significant difference between these rates (P = 0.318). Excluding any experimental failure, our results indicate a low prevalence of HPV DNA in retinoblastomas. We were therefore unable to conclude about the association between these oncogenic viruses and this rare pediatric neoplasm. J. Med. Virol. 83:115–118, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lymphocytopenia as a marker for pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009 virus infection in children
Authors: Chiappini Elena , Galli Luisa , Azzi Alberta , Resti Massimo , Bonsignori Francesca , de Martino Maurizio 
Published: November 2010

AbstractLymphocytopenia has been reported in adults with pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009 infection, but data in children are inconclusive. Data from 76 children presented with flu‐like symptoms between July and November 2009 and tested for pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009 virus and white blood cell (WBC) counts were analyzed. Samples from 37 (48.7%) children resulted in a positive PCR assay for pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009 virus. When comparing data from these children with data from 39 (51.3%) children with uncomplicated flu‐like illness and negative PCR assay for pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009 virus, no difference in disease duration, median age, red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, C reactive protein concentration, and absolute neutrophil count was observed, whereas significant differences were apparent when considering WBC count, relative and absolute lymphocyte count, absolute lymphocyte count z‐score, and platelet count. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that the best absolute lymphocyte count and absolute lymphocyte count z‐score cut‐points that simultaneously maximized sensitivity and specificity were 2,256 cells/µl and −0.89, respectively, sensitivity being 0.81 (95% CI: 0.68–0.94), specificity 0.87 (95% CI: 0.77–0.98), positive predictive value 0.85 (95% CI: 0.74–0.97), and negative predictive value 0.83 (95% CI: 0.71–0.94).In conclusion, lymphocytopenia is a marker for influenza A/H1N1 2009 virus infection in children. Absolute lymphocyte count <2,556 cells/µl or absolute lymphocyte count z‐score < −0.89 may be useful cut‐offs to discriminate against children at higher risk of infection during epidemics. Considering that the pandemic virus is highly likely to continue to circulate in the coming winter season, these findings provide direct and practical implications for the near future. J. Med. Virol. 83:1–4, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of the full‐length genomes of novel hepatitis B virus subgenotypes C11 and C12 in Papua, Indonesia
Authors: Mulyanto  , Depamede Sulaiman Ngongu , Wahyono Arif , Jirintai  , Nagashima Shigeo , Takahashi Masaharu , Okamoto Hiroaki 
Published: November 2010

AbstractTwo novel subgenotypes (C6 and D6) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) were identified recently in Papua, a multiethnic area of Indonesia. To characterize further the HBV strains in Papua, serum samples collected from 59 viremic subjects (44 males and 15 females; mean age: 30.0 ± 15.5 years) among indigenous inhabitants in Papua, were subjected to phylogenetic analysis of an 1.6‐kb partial sequence. Forty‐five samples (76%) had genotype C HBV (HBV/C) [C5 (n = 1), C6 (n = 40), and unclassifiable (n = 4)], while seven samples (12%) were HBV/D [D1 (n = 1) and D6 (n = 6)] and six samples (10%) were HBV/B [B2 (n = 1), B3 (n = 3), B7 (n = 1), and B8 (n = 1)]; the remaining sample possessed B3 and C6. An analysis of the full‐length sequence of the four HBV/C isolates (NMB09122, NMB09124, NMB09075, and MRK89073) that were unclassifiable into any of the 10 known HBV/C subgenotypes (C1–C10) showed no significant evidence of recombination. Over the entire genome, the NMB09122 and NMB09124 isolates shared 99.8% identity and segregated into a cluster with a bootstrap value of 100%, differing from HBV/C1‐HBV/C10 by 3.8–6.9% (mean, ≥4.0%), indicating that NMB09122 and NMB09124 can be classified into a novel subgenotype within genotype C (tentatively designated C11). The NMB09075 and MRK89073 isolates were 97.4% identical to each other and differed from known HBV/C isolates, including the C11 strains, by 4.0–7.2% (mean, ≥4.5%) over the entire genome, indicating that NMB09075 and MRK89703 can be classified into another novel HBV/C subgenotype (C12). The distribution of C11 and C12 seemed to be associated with particular language speakers in Papua. J. Med. Virol. 83:54–64, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of reverse transcription loop‐mediated isothermal amplification assays for rapid diagnosis of pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009 virus
Authors: Nakauchi Mina , Yoshikawa Tetsushi , Nakai Hidetaka , Sugata Ken , Yoshikawa Akiko , Asano Yoshizo , Ihira Masaru , Tashiro Masato , Kageyama Tsutomu 
Published: November 2010

AbstractTwo genetic diagnosis systems using reverse transcription‐loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (RT‐LAMP) technology were evaluated: one for detecting the HA gene of the pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009 virus (H1pdm RT‐LAMP) and the other for detecting the matrix gene of the influenza A virus (TypeA RT‐LAMP). The competence of these two RT‐LAMP assay kits for the diagnosis of the pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009 virus was compared using real‐time RT‐PCR assays developed recently on viruses isolated and clinical specimens collected from patients with suspected infection. TypeA RT‐LAMP and H1pdm RT‐LAMP showed almost the same sensitivity as real‐time RT‐PCR for viruses isolated. The sensitivity and specificity of TypeA RT‐LAMP and H1pdm RT‐LAMP were 96.3% and 88.9%, respectively, for clinical specimens. Considering that the ability of the two RT‐LAMP assay kits for detection of the pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009 virus was comparable to that of the real‐time RT‐PCR assays, and that the assays were completed within 1 hr and did not require any expensive equipment, these two RT‐LAMP assays are promising rapid diagnostic tests for the pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009 virus at the hospital bedside. J. Med. Virol. 83:10–15, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Outcome in partial early virologic responders to combination therapy with peginterferon and ribavirin in patients infected with hepatitis C virus genotype 1b
Authors: Toyoda Hidenori , Kumada Takashi , Kiriyama Seiki , Tanikawa Makoto , Hisanaga Yasuhiro , Kanamori Akira , Tada Toshifumi , Hosokawa Takanori , Arakawa Takahiro , Fujimori Masashi 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe course and outcome in patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1b with partial early virologic response during combination therapy with peginterferon and ribavirin, in whom serum HCV RNA is detectable but has decreased by more than 2 log10 12 weeks after the start of the therapy, has not been elucidated sufficiently. The outcome in this group of patients was investigated. Serum HCV RNA levels was measured every 4 weeks in 149 patients with HCV genotype 1b infection who underwent combination therapy for 48 weeks. In patients with partial early virologic response, the time point when serum HCV RNA became undetectable as well as the final virologic response to treatment was determined. Sixty‐three patients (42.3%) had partial early virologic response. The time when serum HCV RNA became undetectable ranged from 16 to 48 weeks after the start of therapy. Serum HCV RNA remained detectable in 17 patients. The rates of sustained virologic response decreased with the delay of the time when serum HCV RNA became undetectable; sustained virologic responder was not found in patients in whom HCV RNA was still detectable at 24 weeks after the start of treatment. The degree of decrease in serum HCV RNA levels at 12 weeks corresponded to the rate of sustained virologic response in partial early virologic responders. The outcome of partial early virologic responders varied greatly, and close monitoring of serum HCV RNA is required for predicting the outcome of treatment in these patients. J. Med. Virol. 83:101–107, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Naturally occurring hepatitis B virus X deletions and insertions among Korean chronic patients
Authors: Lee Seoung‐Ae , Mun Ho‐Suk , Kim Hong , Lee Hyung‐Ki , Kim Buyng‐Jun , Hwang Eung‐Soo , Kook Yoon‐Hoh , Kim Bum‐Joon 
Published: November 2010

AbstractDeletions and insertions in the hepatitis B virus (HBV) X region have been associated with severe forms of liver disease, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the molecular epidemiologic features of this virus have been described rarely. Deletions and insertions in the X region were determined by direct sequencing in a Korean cohort of 267 patients with different clinical statuses. Deletions and insertions were observed in two sets of six patients each (2.2%, 6/267). The prevalence of deletions or insertions was significantly higher in patients with severe liver disease, HCC, or cirrhosis of the liver (7.2%, 10/132) compared to patients who were carriers or had chronic hepatitis (1.5%, 2/135) (P = 0.017). All deletions in six strains were concentrated at the C terminal end of HBx, encompassing the 113th to 154th codons. A total of four novel types of insertions (PKLL, GM, FFN, and tt) were observed in six patients. Of particular interest, all six strains with insertions were accompanied by double mutations in the basal core promoter (BCP). In conclusion, these results suggest that deletions or insertions in the X region may contribute to disease progression in Korean patients with genotype C infection. J. Med. Virol. 83:65–70, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Application of new assays for rapid confirmation and genotyping of isolates of Rubella virus
Authors: Feng Yan , Santibanez Sabine , Appleton Hazel , Lu Yiyu , Jin Li 
Published: November 2010

AbstractRubella virus (RV) isolation is recommended by the WHO Measles and Rubella Labnet for studying the etiology and epidemiology of rubella. However, the absence of cytopathologic effects (CPE) in many of the cell lines used commonly makes it difficult to confirm RV growth. In this study, two assays amplifying RV cDNA were developed and validated in order to confirm and genotype RV isolates after cell culture. A SYBR Green I‐based real‐time PCR (Rtime‐SGE317) was established for initial rapid detection of RV in Vero cells and a nested PCR (PCR‐E860) was used for amplifying further the 739 nt window of the E1 gene for the identification of RV genotype as recommended by the WHO. Sensitivities of the two assays were evaluated using eight RV isolates, two from infants with the congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) and six from patients with acute rubella. All the isolates had cycle threshold (Ct) values <37 after the third passage, which is recommended as the cut‐off for the confirmation of a viable RV isolate. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 739 nt window generated by the PCR‐E860 showed that the eight RV isolates belonged to genotypes 1E, 1G, and 2B. The Rtime‐SGE317 assay can be carried out in local public health laboratories, which would extend the molecular surveillance of rubella and contribute to the WHO goal of eradicating rubella worldwide. J. Med. Virol. 83:170–177, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification and characterization of acute infection with parvovirus B19 genotype 2 in immunocompromised patients in Poland
Authors: Grabarczyk Piotr , Kalińska Aleksandra , Kara Mahmut , Wieczorek Renata , Ejduk Anna , Sulkowska Ewa , Gołębiowska‐Staroszczyk Sydonia , Matysiak Michał , Baylis Sally A. , Brojer Ewa 
Published: November 2010

AbstractParvovirus B19 (B19V) is divided into three genotypes. Genotypes 2 and 3 may cause diagnostic difficulties and their epidemiology is not well understood. In the present study the prevalence of B19V genotypes in patients with symptomatic infection in Poland was evaluated and the course of infection in patients infected with non‐genotype 1 strains is described. Real‐time PCR, able to detect all three genotypes of B19V was used to screen patient plasma samples. Sixty‐nine, mainly acute‐phase B19V DNA positive cases were identified in patients from hematological and obstetric/gynecological wards between 2004 and 2008. Thirty patients were studied in greater detail and genotyping was performed by analysis of the NS1/VP1u region. The majority of samples were genotype 1. However two (6.6%) strains were identified as genotype 2, associated with high viremia and identified in a kidney transplant recipient with anemia and a leukemia patient, following chemotherapy, with pancytopenia. A change of immunosuppression treatment in the former and treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin in latter, resulted in normalization of clinical parameters, and whilst viral loads fell, B19V DNA was still detectable. The kidney transplant recipient subsequently became pregnant with no clinical complications, although persistently infected with B19V genotype 2. This is the first description of symptomatic cases of genotype 2 B19V infection in Eastern Europe suggesting that acute infection, particularly among immunocompromised patients with these virus strains may be more prevalent than thought. J. Med. Virol. 83:142–149, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
JC virus DNA in the peripheral blood of renal transplant patients: A 1‐year prospective follow‐up in France
Authors: Mengelle C. , Kamar N. , Mansuy J‐M. , Sandres‐Sauné K. , Legrand‐Abravanel F. , Miédougé M. , Rostaing L. , Izopet J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThere is little information on JC virus (JCV) infection in renal transplant patients. A long‐term prospective follow‐up study was conducted to assess the incidence of JCV DNA in the blood of 103 adult renal transplant patients enrolled prospectively between 1 January and 31 December 2006. Patients were monitored until April 2008. JCV DNA was quantified by a real‐time polymerase chain reaction in whole blood samples collected regularly for at least 1 year post‐transplant. JCV was detected in seven patients (6.8%) (31/1,487 whole blood samples) at a median time of 139 days post‐transplant. The median JC virus load of the first positive DNA blood sample was 3.4 log10 copies/ml (1.9–5.7 log10 copies/ml). Induction therapy were either anti‐CD25 monoclonal antibodies (n = 5) or antithymocyte globulins (n = 2). Post‐transplant immunosuppressive treatment included steroids with tacrolimus/mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) (n = 2), or ciclosporin/MMF (n = 1), or belatacept/MMF (n = 4). Two patients were also treated with rituximab. All seven patients infected with JCV had other viral infections(s): BK virus (3), Epstein–Barr virus (2), Cytomegalovirus (1) or both BK virus and Epstein–Barr virus (1). Three patients had BKV‐associated nephropathy and decoy cells shedding. JCV infection was not associated with acute rejection episodes or nephropathy, regardless of the virus load. No patient developed progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy during follow‐up. Thus the incidence of JCV infection in renal transplant patients was low and not associated with any specific clinical manifestations. JCV replication must still be diagnosed and differentiated from BK virus infection because of its non‐aggressive course. J. Med. Virol. 83:132–136, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association between DNA repair gene ATM polymorphisms and oral cancer susceptibility
Authors: Bau Da‐Tian , Chang Chao‐Hsiang , Tsai Ming‐Hsui , Chiu Chang‐Fang , Tsou Yung‐An , Wang Rou‐Fen , Tsai Chia‐Wen , Tsai Ru‐Yin 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:The ataxia‐telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is thought to play a major role in the caretaking of the overall genome stability, and its mutations have been implicated in human cancers. However, the role of ATM polymorphisms in oral carcinogenesis is largely unexplored. Thus, the polymorphic variants of ATM were first investigated for their association with oral cancer susceptibility.Study Design:In this hospital‐based, case‐control study, associations of seven ATM single nucleotide polymorphisms with oral cancer risk in a Taiwanese population were investigated.Methods:A total of 620 patients with oral cancer and 620 healthy controls were genotyped and analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) method.Results:There were significant differences between oral cancer and control groups in the distributions of their genotypes (P = 3.71E‐6) and allelic frequencies (P = 5.09E‐6) in the ATM rs189037 polymorphisms. In the other six polymorphisms, there was no differential distribution between both groups. There are synergistic joint interactions of ATM genotyping with smoking, alcohol drinking, and betel quid chewing.Conclusions:The ATM rs189037 A allele is correlated with oral cancer susceptibility, and this polymorphism may be a useful marker for oral cancer prevention and early detection. Laryngoscope, 120:2417–2422, 2010
Affinity‐Based Drug Delivery
Authors: Wang Nick X. , von Recum Horst A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAffinity‐based drug delivery systems utilize interactions between the therapeutic drug and the delivery system to manipulate drug loading and to control drug release. In this paper, affinity‐based drug delivery system syntheses, types of therapeutic factors delivered, and delivery system loading and release are discussed in detail. The paper is divided into three subsections, based on the type of delivery system: molecular imprinting systems, growth‐factor delivery, and cyclodextrin‐based delivery. The objective of this paper is to examine the current state of research, highlight the breakthroughs and challenges, point out potential impacts of this relatively new technology, and explore future developmental areas.magnified image
Design and Synthesis of Novel Polyglycerol Hybrid Nanomaterials for Potential Applications in Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Zarrabi Ali , Adeli Mohsen , Vossoughi Manouchehr , Shokrgozar Mohammad Ali 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe synthesis of a new drug delivery system based on hybrid nanomaterials containing a β‐CD core and hyperbranched PG is described. Conjugating PG branches onto β‐CD not only increases its water solubility but also affects its host/guest properties deeply. It can form molecular inclusion complexes with small hydrophobic guest molecules such as ferrocene or FITC with reasonable release. In addition, the achievable payloads are significantly higher as for carriers such as hyperbranched PGs. Short‐term in vitro cytotoxicity and hemocompatibility tests on L929 cell lines show that the hybrid nanomaterial is highly biocompatible. Due to their outstanding properties, β‐CD‐g‐PG hybrid nanomaterials are introduced as promising materials for nanomedicine, e.g., for drug delivery issues. magnified image
Porous Scaffolds Based on Cross‐Linking of Poly(L‐glutamic acid)
Authors: Cao Bin , Yin Jingbo , Yan Shifeng , Cui Lei , Chen Xuesi , Xie Yongtao 
Published: November 2010

AbstractPorous scaffolds based on water‐soluble PLGA and CS were prepared. The pores were verified to be alveolate, uniform and continuous. The effects of freezing temperature, freeze‐drying time, solid content and molecular weight of reactants on the pore structure of the scaffolds were studied. The scaffold morphology could be adjusted by changing the freezing temperature and solid content of reacting polymer. Their degradation rate can be adjusted by changing the proportion of PLGA and CS. The porosity of scaffolds was higher than 90% and the high swelling ratio showed that these scaffolds had excellent hydrophilic performance. The in vitro culture of chondrocytes indicates that the obtained PLGA/CS porous scaffolds are very promising biomaterials for tissue engineering applications. magnified image