bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histologic estimation of age at death using the anterior cortex of the femur
Authors: Ericksen M.F. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis report describes a new histologic method for determination of age at death, the latest in a series of studies that began with Kerley's pioneer presentation in 1965. The study population was collected from 328 documented individuals from an anatomy dissecting room in the United States, from two modern cemeteries in the Dominican Republic, and from autopsies performed in a Chilean hospital. Undecalcified thin sections 1.0 cm wide were made from specimens taken from the femoral midshaft directly opposite the linea aspera. Five 0.886 mm2 fields were located at the periosteal edge and photographed, mainly for purposes of defining the fields and providing a permanent record. Secondary osteons, type II osteons, osteon fragments, resorption spaces, and non‐Haversian canals were recorded as number/mm2, and a 100‐space grid was used to measure average percent of unremodeled, osteonal, and fragmental bone. Stepwise regression analysis of the measurements produced a series of regression equations for age estimation for females, males, and sexes combined. Most equations have a standard error of estimate of about 10 years, but the coefficients of determination (r2) range from 0.48 to 0.72. In practice, sex‐specific equations gave better results than opposite‐sex or nonspecific equations, mainly because males and females differed in the pattern of relations between osteons and osteon fragments with advancing age.
Sexual dimorphism in the baboon facial skeleton
Authors: Leigh Steven R. , Cheverud James M. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBaboons exhibit marked sexual dimorphism in many aspects of their morphology. Dimorphism is especially pronounced in the face. We use finite‐element analysis to investigate the ontogeny of sexual dimorphism in a cross‐sectional sample of baboon (Papio sp.) faces. This method provides detailed quantitative information about size and shape changes at anatomical landmarks in the face during growth. Allometric results suggest that sexual dimorphism in facial size and shape is produced by ontogenetic scaling: males and females share a common ontogenetic trajectory. Analyses of growth in time, which complement allometric analyses, show that female growth slows much earlier than male growth, accounting for the differences between sexes. Local size and local shape follow similar patterns of growth, but changes in these variables are slower in females. Local and global facial size are much more dimorphic than local and global facial shape.
Use of active surveillance methodologies to examine over‐reporting of stillbirths on fetal death certificates
Authors: Makelarski Jennifer A. , Romitti Paul A. , Caspers Kristin M. , Puzhankara Soman , McDowell Bradley D. , Piper Kimberly N. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Data from Iowa fetal death certificates (FDCs) suggest that reportable stillbirths (unintended fetal deaths ≥20 weeks gestation and/or weighing ≥350 grams) occur in about 1 in 200 deliveries. In 2005, the Iowa Department of Public Health and the Iowa Registry for Congenital and Inherited Disorders (IRCID) collaborated with other state stakeholders to establish the Iowa Stillbirth Surveillance Project. The goal of this project was to use population‐based, active surveillance methodologies to identify reportable stillbirths delivered by Iowa residents since January 1, 2000. METHODS: To conduct stillbirth surveillance, the IRCID expanded its existing public health authority and electronic abstract application for birth defects surveillance. The expanded application was piloted using a random sample (n = 250 of 989) of FDCs reported from January 2000 through December 2004. RESULTS: IRCID procedures for active case finding and medical record abstraction verified 192 (76.8%) as reportable stillbirths. Stillbirths not verified as reportable were due to findings of elective terminations (n = 30), live births (n = 3), induced deliveries (n = 2), and FDC entries for gestational age and/or delivery weight that were either inaccurately recorded (n = 13) or accurately recorded but did not meet Iowa FDC reporting criteria (n = 9); medical records for one FDC were unavailable. Infant malformations were more common among unverified stillbirths, whereas the cause of death due to maternal‐related conditions was higher among verified stillbirths. CONCLUSIONS:These results suggest that over‐reporting limits the use of FDCs as a primary ascertainment source for stillbirth surveillance in Iowa. Continued expansion of the IRCID active surveillance methodologies to monitor stillbirths in Iowa is recommended. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Twenty‐Five–Year survival of children with birth defects in New York State: A population‐based study
Authors: Wang Ying , Hu Jiaqi , Druschel Charlotte M. , Kirby Russell S. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Few studies have been conducted on long‐term survival of children with major birth defects because of a lack of longitudinal birth defects surveillance data. The objective of this study was to conduct a 25‐year survival analysis among children in New York born with major defects by survival age, birth defect category, and other possible contributing factors. METHODS: A cohort was constructed containing children born in 1983 to 2006 with selected major birth defects. Deaths among the study cohort were identified by matching the children to their death certificates. The survival probability was estimated by Kaplan‐Meier methods. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to examine the effect of the risk factors on survival. RESULTS: A total of 9112 deaths were identified among 57,002 live births with selected birth defects between 1983 and 2006. The overall 25‐year survival probability of the study cohort was 82.51% (95% confidence interval, 82.11–82.89%). The estimated survival probability was comparable to that reported from previous studies regarding individual defects including spina bifida, encephalocele, atrioventricular septal defects, tracheoesophageal fistula and esophageal atresia or stenosis, renal agenesis or dysgenesis, lower limb reduction, diaphragmatic hernia, abdominal wall defects, and Down syndrome. Sex, low birth weight for gestational age, existence of multiple birth defects (nonisolated), and maternal age and nativity were identified as risk factors. CONCLUSION: Using the statewide, population‐based birth defects surveillance data in New York State, the survival experience of the study cohort was examined across all survival time periods by individual birth defect of interest. Several risk factors that affect survival were identified. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical impact of second opinion in thyroid fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC): A study of 922 interinstitutional consultations
Authors: Bajaj Jaya , Morgenstern Nora , Sugrue Chiara , Wasserman Jason , Wasserman Patricia 
Published: September 2011

AbstractInterinstitutional consultation in pathology has shown to improve patient safety by detecting interpretive errors that may significantly impact clinical management. We conducted a study of 922 cases of thyroid FNAC slides, referred to our institution over a 2‐year period, to assess the magnitude of discrepancies and determine the clinical impact of second opinion. Disagreements were categorized as none, minor or major, the latter two defined as one‐ or two‐step deviations respectively on the NCI diagnostic categories scale. There were 122 disagreements (13%), including 44 major and 78 minor. Seventy‐five patients underwent a change in management based on second opinion, in conjunction with clinical and radiologic findings (age, size of nodule, family history, ultrasonographic appearance, and solitary versus multiple nodules). The second opinion was supported on follow‐up in 57% of major discrepancies, and the initial diagnosis was concurrent with the surgical diagnosis in 7% cases. The remainder (36%) of major discrepancy cases did not undergo surgery, precluding tissue confirmation. Critics have alleged increased costs due to interinstitutional consultations. However, cost avoidance from lost wages, potential surgical complications, and litigation is not easily quantified. Using a simplified calculation to objectively measure the costs associated with changed diagnoses, we estimate that second opinion of these 922 cases resulted in potential cost saving of $940,166 based on current Medicare reimbursement codes. Our study indicates the need for a quality‐control program of outside thyroid FNA slides, especially in “high discrepancy categories” as discussed in the article. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2011;. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Wet versus slurry carbonation of EAF steel slag
Authors: Baciocchi Renato , Costa Giulia , Di Bartolomeo Elisabetta , Polettini Alessandra , Pomi Raffaella 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe CO2 uptake and Ca‐to‐carbonate conversion yield attained by wet and slurry‐phase carbonation of stainless steel slag are reported. A maximum CO2 uptake of 180 g CO2/kg slag was achieved under wet conditions (50 °C, 3 bar CO2, 0.4 l/kg), corresponding to a Ca‐to‐carbonate conversion yield of 50%. The slurry‐phase process, even when adopting more energy‐intensive operating conditions, did not improve the CO2 uptake kinetics and conversion yield in comparison to the wet treatment. The mineralogy of the carbonated slag exhibited a decreased content of silicate phases (Ca2SiO4 in particular), a marked reduction of Ca and Mg oxides, and a noteworthy increase of calcite. © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Regression of melanoma metastases after immunotherapy is associated with activation of antigen presentation and interferon‐mediated rejection genes
Authors: Carretero Rafael , Wang Ena , Rodriguez Ana I. , Reinboth Jennifer , Ascierto Maria L. , Engle Alyson M. , Liu Hui , Camacho Francisco M. , Marincola Francesco M. , Garrido Federico , Cabrera Teresa 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe present the results of a comparative gene expression analysis of 15 metastases (10 regressing and 5 progressing) obtained from 2 melanoma patients with mixed response following different forms of immunotherapy. Whole genome transcriptional analysis clearly indicate that regression of melanoma metastases is due to an acute immune rejection mediated by the upregulation of genes involved in antigen presentation and interferon mediated response (STAT‐1/IRF‐1) in all the regressing metastases from both patients. In contrast, progressing metastases showed low transcription levels of genes involved in these pathways. Histological analysis showed T cells and HLA‐DR positive infiltrating cells in the regressing but not in the progressing metastases. Quantitative expression analysis of HLA‐A,B and C genes on microdisected tumoral regions indicate higher HLA expression in regressing than in progressing metastases. The molecular signature obtained in melanoma rejection appeared to be similar to that observed in other forms of immune‐mediated tissue‐specific rejection such as allograft, pathogen clearance, graft versus host or autoimmune disease, supporting the immunological constant of rejection. We favor the idea that the major factor determining the success or failure of immunotherapy is the nature of HLA Class I alterations in tumor cells and not the type of immunotherapy used. If the molecular alteration is reversible by the immunotherapy, the HLA expression will be upregulated and the lesion will be recognized and rejected. In contrast, if the defect is structural the MHC Class I expression will remain unchanged and the lesion will progress.
OTX2 directly activates cell cycle genes and inhibits differentiation in medulloblastoma cells
Authors: Bunt Jens , Hasselt Nancy E. , Zwijnenburg Danny A. , Hamdi Mohamed , Koster Jan , Versteeg Rogier , Kool Marcel 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe transcription factor OTX2 has been implicated as an oncogene in medulloblastoma, which is the most common malignant brain tumor in children. It is highly expressed in most medulloblastomas and amplified in a subset of them. To study the role OTX2 has in medulloblastoma we investigated the downstream pathway of OTX2. We generated D425 medulloblastoma cells in which endogenous OTX2 can be silenced by inducible shRNA. Silencing of OTX2 strongly inhibited cell proliferation and resulted in a neuronal‐like differentiation. Expression profiling of time courses after silencing showed a progressive change in gene expression for many cellular processes. Downregulated genes were highly enriched for cell cycle and visual perception genes, while upregulated genes were enriched for genes involved in development and differentiation. This shift is reminiscent of expression changes described during normal cerebellum development where proliferating granule progenitor cells have high OTX2 expression, which diminishes when these cells exit the cell cycle and start to differentiate. ChIP‐on‐chip analyses of OTX2 in D425 cells identified cell cycle and perception genes as direct OTX2 targets, while regulation of most differentiation genes appeared to be indirect. The expression of many directly regulated genes correlated to OTX2 expression in primary tumors, suggesting the in vivo relevance of these genes and their potential as targets for therapeutic intervention. These analyses provide more insight in the molecular network of OTX2, demonstrating that OTX2 is essential in medulloblastoma and directly drives proliferation by regulation of cell cycle genes.
Failure in psychotherapy: an introduction
Authors: Lampropoulos Georgios K. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis article introduces an issue of the Journal of Clinical Psychology:In Session devoted to treatment failures in psychotherapy. In contrast to recent attention from the research perspective and cognitive‐behavioral orientation, this issue focuses on clinical material from multiple theoretical perspectives. This article provides an overview of some of the empirical and definitional issues on treatment failure and then outlines the five subsequent articles, each of which offers an interesting case illustration. The article concludes with several transtheoretical recommendations for reducing the incidence of therapeutic failures. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 67:1–3, 2011.
Morphological and functional diversity of the mandible in suckermouth armored catfishes (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)
Authors: Lujan Nathan K. , Armbruster Jonathan W. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe examined the mandibles of 377 individuals representing 25 species, 12 genera, 5 tribes, and 2 subfamilies of the Loricariidae, a species‐rich radiation of detritivorous–herbivorous neotropical freshwater fishes distinguished by having a ventral oral disk and jaws specialized for surface attachment and benthic feeding. Loricariid mandibles are transversely oriented and bilaterally independent, each rotating predominantly around its long axis, although rotational axes likely vary with mandibular geometry. On each mandible, we measured three traditional and three novel morphological parameters chosen primarily for their functional relevance. Five parameters were linear distances and three of these were analogous to traditional teleost in‐ and out‐levers for mandibular adduction. The sixth parameter was insertion area of the combined adductor mandibulae muscle (AMarea), which correlated with adductor mandibulae volume across a subset of taxa and is interpreted as being proportional to maximum force deliverable to the mandible. Multivariate analysis revealed distributions of phylogenetically diagnosed taxonomic groupings in mandibular morphospace that are consistent with an evolutionary pattern of basal niche conservatism giving rise to multiple adaptive radiations within nested clades. Correspondence between mandibular geometry and function was explored using a 3D model of spatial relationships among measured parameters, potential forces, and axes of rotation. By combining the model with known loricariid jaw kinematics, we developed explicit hypotheses for how individual parameters might relate to each other during kinesis. We hypothesize that the ratio [AMarea/tooth row length2] predicts interspecific variation in the magnitude of force entering the mandible per unit of substrate contacted during feeding. Other newly proposed metrics are hypothesized to predict variation in aspects of mandibular mechanical advantage that may be specific to Loricariidae and perhaps shared with other herbivorous and detritivorous fishes. 2011. © 2011Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Morphology, distribution, and evolution of apical structure of nematocysts in hexacorallia
Authors: Reft Abigail J. , Daly Marymegan 
Published: September 2011

AbstractCnidae are complex intracellular capsules made by all cnidarians. The most diverse of these capsules are nematocysts, which are made by all members of the phylum; spirocysts and ptychocysts are made only by members of some lineages, and they show less functional and structural diversity. In nematocysts, the apex has been shown to be either a hinged cap (operculum) or three flaps that flex outward during discharge. The operculum is known only from medusozoan nematocysts; flaps are known only from nematocysts of members of the hexacorallian order Actiniaria, although they have been inferred to be characteristic of Anthozoa, the group to which Actiniaria belongs. Using scanning and transmission electron microscopy, we discover a third apical morphology in nematocysts, an apical cap, which we find in all nonactiniarian anthozoans examined. This apical cap is identical structurally to the apical cap of spirocysts, and it resembles the apical structure of ptychocysts, whose apex is documented here for the first time. Additionally, a full survey of nematocysts from all body structures of two actiniarians demonstrates that a particular type of nematocyst, the microbasic p‐mastigophore of the mesenterial filaments, does not have apical flaps. The observed variation does not correspond to conventional categorization of capsule morphology and raises questions about the function and structure of capsules across Cnidaria. Despite some ambiguity in optimization of ancestral states across cnidae, we determine that the apical cap is the plesiomorphic structure for anthozoan cnidae and that apical flaps are a synapomorphy of Actiniaria. At present, the operculum is interpreted as a synapomorphy for Medusozoa, but either it or an apical cap is the ancestral state for nematocysts. J. Morphol. 273:121–136, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A branch‐and‐cut algorithm for the preemptive swapping problem
Authors: Bordenave Charles , Gendreau Michel , Laporte G. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn the swapping problem (SP), every vertex of a complete graph may supply and demand an object of a known type. A vehicle of unit capacity starting and ending its tour at an arbitrary vertex is available for carrying objects of given types between vertices. The SP consists of determining a minimum cost route that allows the vehicle to satisfy every supply and demand. This article investigates the preemptive version of the SP in which the objects are allowed to be dropped at temporary locations along the route. The problem is modeled as a mixed integer linear program which is solved by branch‐and‐cut. Computational results on random geometric instances containing up to 100 vertices and eight object types are reported. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2011
Measuring strategic performance
Authors: Chakravarthy Balaji S. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis paper demonstrates the inadequacy of traditional measures, that are based on a firm's profitability, for evaluating its strategic performance. Two other measures, one that attempts to assess the quality of a firm's transformations (and not merely its outcomes) and the other that attempts to measure the satisfaction of all of the firm's stakeholders (and not merely its stockholders), are shown here to be important discriminators of strategic performance. The performances of seven ‘excellent’ firms from the computer industry, featured in the recent book by Peters and Waterman, are contrasted with that of seven ‘non‐excellent’ firms from the same industry, to develop a framework for measuring strategic performance.
The relationship between growth, profitability, and firm value
Authors: Varaiya Nikhil , Kerin Roger A. , Weeks David 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis research examined predictions drawn from value‐based planning models. Results indicate that profitability and growth do influence shareholder value in the manner predicted; however, the relationships are conditional. This study also shows that, the market‐to‐book value of equity ratio and Tobin's q‐ratio are theoretically and empirically, equivalent measures of value creation.
Research notes and communications: Characteristics distinguishing funded from unfunded business plans evaluated by venture capitalists
Authors: Macmillan Ian C. , Narasimha P. N. Subba 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBusiness plans that were funded by venture capitalists were compared to unfunded plans. Comparisons on the basis of plan structure, plan organization, and financial projections indicate that plans which deviate too far from the norm of the variables studied tend to go unfunded. Implications for plan preparation are discussed.
Resistant starch and thermal, morphological and textural properties of heat‐moisture treated rice starches with high‐, medium‐ and low‐amylose content
Authors: da Rosa Zavareze Elessandra , Mello El Halal Shanise L. , de los Santos Diego G. , Helbig Elizabete , Pereira Juliane Mascarenhas , Guerra Dias Alvaro R. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of heat‐moisture treatment (HMT) on the resistant starch content and thermal, morphological, and textural properties of rice starches with high‐, medium‐ and low‐amylose content. The starches were adjusted to 15, 20 and 25% moisture levels and heated at 110°C for 1 h. The HMT increased the resistant starch content in all of the rice starches. HMT increased the onset temperature and the gelatinisation temperature range (Tfinish–Tonset) and decreased the enthalpy of gelatinisation of rice starches with different amylose contents. This reduction increased with the increase in the moisture content of HMT. The morphology of rice starch granules was altered with the HMT; the granules presented more agglomerated surface. The HMT affected the textural parameters of rice starches; the high‐ and low‐amylose rice starches subjected to 15 and 20% HMT possessed higher gel hardness.