bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between physical activity, academic achievement, gender, and learning styles in students of a Latin American Dental School
Authors: Ardila Carlos Martín , Gómez-Restrepo Ángela María 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:Little is known about the inference that physical activity (PA) may have on academic performance and learning styles of Latin American dental students.MATERIALS AND METHODS:In this cross-sectional study, an administrative dataset and a voluntary university characterization provided information about PA and academic performance. Moreover, 218 dental students of the University of Antioquia in Colombia completed a structured questionnaire to identify their learning styles. To analyze the information obtained a Pearson correlation, and logistic and linear regression models were implemented.RESULTS:A total of 131 (60%) students informed being physically active (PA group), and 87 (40%) did not report PA (non-PA group). The results showed a high-grade point average (GPA) in the PA group (P= 0.01). The PA group showed a preference for the theorist and pragmatist learning styles with statistically significant differences between the groups (P= 0.004 andP< 0.0001, respectively). It was also observed a statistically significant Pearson positive correlation between the theorist style and higher GPA (r= 0.15;P= 0.04). The multivariate regression model showed that PA protects against lower means of GPA (odds ratio = 0.3; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.09–0.7,P= 0.01). Furthermore, the adjusted linear regression models also showed that PA protects against lower means of the theorist (β= −0.15; 95% CI: −0.02 to − 0.002,P= 0.002) and pragmatist styles (β= −0.18; 95% CI: −0.03 to − 0.006,P= 0.0006). Interestingly, men were statistically significant in all multivariable models.DISCUSSION:This study suggests that PA is associated with higher academic performance and the theorist and pragmatist styles. Male students were also more physically active; therefore, it is relevant to establish strategies to stimulate physical activities in dental students, especially in women, including extracurricular activities.
Assessment of barriers and motivators to online learning among medical undergraduates of Punjab
Authors: Kaur Harjot , Singh Amandeep , Mahajan Sanjeev , Lal Mohan , Singh Gagandeep , Kaur Prabhjot 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
The current corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to the disruption of academic activities including medical education which has made online learning only available options for continuing education worldwide. Online learning has its own limitations, which are further amplified if not implemented properly. Hence, there is a need to assess various barriers faced in the implementation of effective online learning.

OBJECTIVES:
The objective of the study was to identify the barriers and motivators in online learning among medical undergraduates.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS:
This internet-based cross-sectional study was conducted among medical undergraduates of Punjab. The data collection tool was a semi-structured self-made questionnaire prepared using “Google Forms,” which was then circulated in the WhatsApp groups of the students. Received responses were imported to the Microsoft Excel sheet and statistical analysis was done.

RESULTS:
Out of the 592 participants, 533 (90%) faced some kind of problem in online learning. Major among them were lack of personal interaction with teachers (52%), distractions at home (43.6%), technology failure (43.2%), limited access to the Internet (39.2%), visual fatigue (38.5%), and increased workload (25%). Benefits perceived were the comfortable environment of home (41%), easy accessibility of recorded lectures (36.8%), and the opportunity to keep in touch with studies (35%).

CONCLUSIONS:
The online learning process is not a replacement for routine classroom teaching and clinical postings in medical education. However, it can supplement routine teaching, especially during current COVID-19 pandemic-like situations. Most of the students (90%) were facing some kind of difficulty in the online learning process due to unplanned and sudden shifts. Therefore, it is necessary to identify and eliminate the various barriers to make online learning effective.
Comparing the effect of traditional and role-play training methods on nursing students' performance and satisfaction in the principles of patient education course
Authors: Ahmady Soleiman , Shahbazi Sara , Khajeali Nasrin 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Education is considered as one of the most important well-known roles of nurses, which is based on the patients' needs and awareness level. Thus, training the skill to nursing students is highly prioritized. The present study aimed to compare traditional and role-play training methods on nursing students' performance and satisfaction in the principles of patient education course.

Materials and Methods:
The present quasi-empirical study was conducted in 2019 among 36 fourth-semester nursing students at the School of Nursing in Borujen branch. In this regard, the students were randomly divided into experimental (n = 18) and control (n = 18) groups and trained through role-play and traditional methods, respectively. The data were collected using demographic questionnaire, training method satisfaction form, and student performance evaluation checklist (30 items), among which the two last ones were researcher made. Then, data were analyzed by SPSS software version 19 and using descriptive and analytical statistical tests such as Chi-square and Mann–Whitney.

RESULTS:
The results demonstrated a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) between the mean score of students' satisfaction with teaching method in the control (17.15 ± 0.89) and experimental groups (19.03 ± 1.49), as well as between that of their performance in the control and experimental groups (115.31 ± 2.07 and 118.28 ± 3.59, respectively).

CONCLUSION:
Based on the results, role-play training method affected nursing students' performance in the principles of patient education course higher. Thus, using the method in training students and in-service training for nursing personnel is recommended to education planners and nursing education authorities for improving the skill.
Exploring the knowledge, attitude, and practice of health-care professionals on coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic infection
Authors: Rani Meenu , Sharma Ishan , Sharma Shivangi , Sharma Lokendra , Kumar Susheel 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
To prevent the rapid spread of infectious COVID-19 in India, many steps have been taken. Adherence to the control measures depends on the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAPs) toward COVID-19 disease in health-care professionals. The present study was conducted among health-care professionals in Jaipur. The objective was to evaluate the KAPs about COVID-19 among health-care professionals.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A total of 385 participants took part in the study. A self-designed questionnaire was filled by the participants online (Google Form). The knowledge of the participants was assessed using 12 questions. Attitude and practices of the participants were assessed by two questions for each.

RESULTS:
Among the study completers, 52.20% were male, 71.42% of the participants were aged above 30 years, and 59.22% were nurse. The knowledge score was approximately 90%. The majority of the participants had a strong conviction that India can overcome this infectious disease in the near future. Multiple regression analysis found that good knowledge score of COVID-19 was associated with lower negative attitudes and less risky practices (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION:
Participants of the study were knowledgeable, held positive attitudes, and had adequate practices for COVID-19.
Severity of illness affecting the length of stay and outcomes in patients admitted to intensive care units, Iran, 2019
Authors: Setareh Mohammad , Alavi Negin Masoudi , Atoof Fatemeh 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Length of stay (LOS) and patients' outcome are two important indicators in intensive care units (ICUs). The severity of illness influences these variables and could have a predictive value in clinical settings. The impact of severity of illness on the LOS and outcomes in patients admitted to ICUs was investigated in a selected hospital in Iran in 2019.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This research was a descriptive longitudinal study. Data were prospectively collected on 150 patients. The sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, LOS, and demographic variables of the patients were recorded. Abbreviated mental test and Barthel index measuring activities of daily living questionnaires were completed at the time of the discharge from ICU and 1 month later to show the patient outcomes. Data analysis was performed using Chi-square test, t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation, and linear and ordinal logistic regression with SPSS software version 16.

RESULTS:
The mean of LOS was 11.21 ± 10.54 days. 24.7% of the patients were discharged from ICUs with optimal recovery, 49.3% with poor recovery, and 26% died in ICUs. One month after discharge, 67.6% of patients had optimal recovery, 24.3% had poor recovery, and 8.1% died. The SOFA score had a significant relation with LOS and patient outcomes in discharge and 1 month later. All the patients with SOFA score <5 survived, and all the patients with SOFA score more than 12 died.

CONCLUSIONS:
The severity of illness had a significant relation with LOS and patient outcomes in the time of the discharge from ICU and 1 month later. It seems that the initial SOFA score of 12 and higher can be suggested as a cutoff point for poor prognosis in ICU patients.
Preoperative anxiety among Iranian adult patients undergoing elective surgeries in educational hospitals
Authors: Barkhori Ali , Pakmanesh Hamid , Sadeghifar Amirreza , Hojati Ali , Hashemian Morteza 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Although surgical techniques have been improving, preoperative anxiety is still a challenge in preoperative care and is known as an expected response experienced by patients waiting to undergo surgery. The present study aimed to compare preoperative anxiety levels in three educational hospitals in Kerman.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This cross-sectional study was conducted in three educational hospitals in Kerman, Iran, from December 2017 to May 2018. The participants were 100 patients from each hospital (300 patients in sum) who were selected through the convenience sampling method. Sampling was not restricted to sex and type of surgery. The 40-item Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was administered to the patients to assess the level of preoperative anxiety experienced by them. Bivariate linear regression models were used to compare the preoperative state anxiety levels based on the patients' demographic information. A multivariate linear regression model was used to determine the predictors of preoperative state anxiety.

RESULTS:
The participants were 149 males and 151 females with a mean age of 36.38 (12.75) years (age range: 12–79 years). Almost two-third of the patients showed upper-middle symptoms of state anxiety (n = 197, 65.7%) followed by upper-middle symptoms of trait anxiety (40% and 49.3%, respectively). There was a significant relationship between the patient's sex and state anxiety (P = 0.05) and also between trait anxiety and state anxiety (P ≤ 0.001). It was shown that train anxiety could predict state anxiety before surgery (B: 0.53, 95% confidence interval: 0.44, 0.62; P ≤ 0.001).

CONCLUSION:
The results of the present study confirmed the presence of preoperative anxiety in a sample of Iranian patients. Although the anxiety scores were not very high, organizing intervention and training programs to control and reduce preoperative anxiety among patients seems essential.
Knowledge, skill, and preventive behaviors regarding COVID-19 among the public in Shahrekord of Iran
Authors: Tavassoli Elahe , Hesary Fatemeh Baghernezhad 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
COVID-19 is a serious and costly problem for communities. Observing health issues and performing preventive behaviors is influenced by their knowledge and skills of people toward COVID-19. Hence, this study investigated the knowledge, skill, and practice of the public of Shahrekord toward COVID-19.

MATERIALS AND METHOD:
The present study was performed as a cross sectional. Data were collected using an online questionnaire from 540 Shahrekord residents who were selected via convenience sampling in 2020. Knowledge, skill, and practice toward COVID-19 were assessed using a prevalidated questionnaire. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS-21 software (one-way analysis of variance, Pearson test, and regression test).

RESULTS:
In this study, 39.1% were male, and 60.9% were female and 46.3% were 20–25 years. The mean score of knowledge, skill, and preventive behaviors was 75.69 ± 17.85, 53.87 ± 27.40, and 59.97 ± 23.79, respectively. There was a significant direct relationship between knowledge and skill (P = 0.05 and r = 081) so that public with more knowledge had a better skill as well. There was a significant association between age (P = 0.036), education level (P = 0.019), and job (P = 0.014) with knowledge. In addition, a significant association between job (P = 0.027) and marital status (P = 0.014) with skill was observed. Knowledge, skill, and demographic variables predict 37.6% preventive behavior.

CONCLUSION:
The majority of the participants had good knowledge, moderate skill, and relatively enough practice. Government and policymakers must consider these knowledge levels, skill, and practices to implement productive interventions for preventing the COVID-19.
Awareness and experience of health-care workers during coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic
Authors: Meena Satya Prakash , Jhirwal Manisha , Puranik Ashok Kumar , Sharma Naveen , Rodha Mahaveer Singh , Lodha Mahendra , Badkur Mayank 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
During the 2nd week of July 2020, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) infection spreading in the community. Now more than 15 lakhs peoples have been infected in India, out of the 26816 patients were deceased. COVID 19 outbreaks become an additional hazard to the health-care workers (HCWs), leading to fatigue, anxiety, depression and fear of death. The objective of this questionnaire-based study is to know about the knowledge of HCWs about COVID 19, their experiences while dealing with the disease, and the protective measures taken to prevent the infection.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was conducted for 1 month starting from the 2nd week of June 2020 after getting institutional ethical clearance. This study included 240 HCWs posted in the medical and surgical Departments of All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan. This questionnaire was prepared in online Google forms and required 2 min to complete. Mean, median, range, and standard deviation were used to describe the continuous variables, and percentages were used to describe the categorical data.

RESULTS:
Among 240 HCWs, 79.16% (n = 190) participants have good knowledge and adapted good precautions (score 15–23) for COVID 19 infection. Rest 20% (n = 48) and 0.8% (n = 2) participants has average (score 8–14) or poor knowledge (score <8) with adaptation of average or poor precautionary measures against COVID 19, respectively.

CONCLUSION:
This study concluded that we have the requirement of more educational training programs for awareness of HCWs and precautionary measures against COVID 19. Thereby, HCWs can improve their knowledge and participate in this fight against COVID 19 with more efficiency and confidence.
Role of judgment in promoting nurses’ decisions and ethical behavior
Authors: Borhani Fariba , Abbaszadeh Abbas , Bahrampour Abbas , Ameri Golnaz Forough , Aryaeenezhad Azita 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Ethical decision-making and behavior of nurses are major factors, which can effect on the quality of nursing care. It seems that there is a correlation between demographic variables and ethical decision-making and moral behaviors of nurses. Promoting patients’ health is one of the issues related to nurses’ ethical behaviors. The aim of this study was to determine the role of judgment in promoting nurses’ decisions and ethical behavior.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study in which 260 nurses were selected based on the inclusion criteria. Sampling method was available. The data collection tool was the Hospital Ethics Committee Survey Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 20.

RESULTS:
In this study, judgments and ethical behaviors of nurses were evaluated at the moderate and good level. Gender, marriage status, education level, and nursing position were effective in judgments and ethical behavior of nurses. Age, job experience, and participation in the ethics workshop had no significant effect on ethical behavior and moral judgment. The mean score of moral belief of nurses participating in this study was 181.56 ± 17.60, and their mean moral practice in the real environment was 168.5 ± 17.77.

CONCLUSION:
The judgment competencies in ethical situation of nurses should be promoted to a higher level. It seems that more advanced educational methods are needed to achieve this goal. The findings from this study show the necessity of nurses’ ability to improve their behavior and moral judgment. It also shows that nurses need more reinforcement based on the demographic variables.
Investigating the relationship between the ethical atmosphere of the hospital and the ethical behavior of Iranian nurses
Authors: Borhani Fariba , Abbaszadeh Abbas , Bahrampour Abbas , Ameri Golnaz Forough , Aryaeenezhad Azita 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
The ethical guidelines and ethical atmosphere of the hospital affect the quality of nursing care. Improving the health of patients in most cases depends on the observance of ethical points and ethical behaviors by nurses. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of hospital ethics and ethical training guidelines on improving the quality of nursing care and nurses’ professional ethics.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This is a descriptive-analytical study. This study was performed by multi-stage relative cluster sampling on 260 qualified nurses in 2014. Data were collected using the Hospital Ethical Climate Questionnaire and the Judgments about Nursing Decisions Questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS software version 19.

RESULTS:
The results showed that nurses’ perceptions of the ethical climate of hospitals were relatively positive. The ethical behavior of nurses was moderate and good. Nurses’ perception of the ethical climate scores was not related to the ideal ethical behavior of nurses (r = 0.11, P = 0.86). The ethical climate perceptions of nurses were related to real workplace ethical behavior score (r = 0.188, P = 0.002). The results also showed that ethical guidelines can improve the quality of nursing care.

CONCLUSION:
Considering the results of this study, it seems that holding nursing ethics training programs can be a big step toward promoting the professional behavior of nurses and the observance of professional ethics by nurses.
Prevalence of peripheral artery disease in patients with infectious diabetic foot ulcer in Imam Reza Hospital in Kermanshah during 2019–2020
Authors: Janbakhsh Alireza , Abedinfam Masoomeh , Sobhiyeh Mohamad Reza , Rezaie Mansour , Aslani Payam Sarie , Vaziri Siavash , Sayad Babak , Afsharian Mandana , Mansouri Fezollah 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the main public health troubles diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is one of the most important and relatively common causes of hospitalization. This study investigates the prevalence of peripheral artery disease (PAD) in Imam Reza Hospital of Kermanshah during 2017–2018.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This study is descriptive-analytical. The study population was 196 cases with infectious DFUs admitted to Imam Reza Hospital of Kermanshah during 2019–2020. The presence or absence of PAD was assessed in these cases. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 18.0).

RESULTS:
Among 196 patients studied, 120 (61.22%) patients had PAD. The prevalence of PAD was higher in men than in women and it was more common in Type 2 DM patients than in Type 1 DM patients. The majority of ulcers were located on the nonplantar surface of the foot. Moreover, the prevalence of PAD had a significant relationship by increasing the duration of diabetes (P = 0.041), history of amputation (P = 0.002), history of diabetic foot (P = 0.006), and peripheral neuropathy (P = 0.005).

CONCLUSION:
A considerable number of diabetic patients with DFU had PAD. This necessitates more intense interventions to manage PAD as a strong risk factor for DFU in diabetics. Neurovascular assessment of diabetic patients and early diagnosis of PAD may be appropriate interventions to prevent development of DFUs. We recommend trial studies to find out the best methods to address early detection of PAD in diabetics.
Coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnancy
Authors: Agarwal Neha , Garg Ruchika , Singh Saroj , Agrawal Arti 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Since the advent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, there is debate whether pregnancy outcome in COVID-19 is more severe as compared to general population. Pregnant population is particularly susceptible to viral infections due to altered immune response. H1N1 infection and Zika virus infection led to unfavorable maternal and fetal outcomes. SARS during pregnancy has been linked previously with high risk of spontaneous abortions, preterm births and intrauterine growth restriction. The effects of this novel virus need to be studied.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This is a single-center descriptive prospective observational study of 65 pregnant women with reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction confirmed COVID-19 infection, regardless of gestational age at diagnosis, admitted from April 15 to June 30, 2020, at the COVID hospital in SN Medical college a tertiary center of Agra in North India. Maternal and perinatal outcomes were studied. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software for windows. Continuous variables were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Categorical variables were expressed as numbers and percentages.

RESULTS:
Majority 88.4% of the women were asymptomatic. Rest had mild illness only. Majority 94.23% were third-trimester pregnancies; preterm birth was not reported in any singleton pregnancy. Majority 85% were delivered by cesarean section done for obstetric indications. Maternal outcome of all patients was favourable, and only two women who had moderate pneumonia recovered. Maternal mortality was reported in only 1 case. All neonates were negative for COVID-19. Neonatal outcome was favorable.

CONCLUSION:
COVID-19 in pregnancy led to mild symptoms only. Infection in the third trimester did not led to adverse obstetric outcome including preterm labor and premature membrane rupture. SARSCoV2 infection in pregnancy did not increase the risk of maternal mortality. Vertical transmission of COVID-19 was not found in neonates. The maternal, neonatal, and perinatal outcomes of COVID-19 patients infected in late pregnancy were favorable.