bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathwise accuracy and ergodicity of metropolized integrators for SDEs
Authors: Bou‐Rabee Nawaf , Vanden‐Eijnden Eric 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMetropolized integrators for ergodic stochastic differential equations (SDEs) are proposed that (1) are ergodic with respect to the (known) equilibrium distribution of the SDEs and (2) approximate pathwise the solutions of the SDEs on finite‐time intervals. Both these properties are demonstrated in the paper, and precise strong error estimates are obtained. It is also shown that the Metropolized integrator retains these properties even in situations where the drift in the SDE is nonglobally Lipschitz, and vanilla explicit integrators for SDEs typically become unstable and fail to be ergodic. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Complex‐valued analytic torsion for flat bundles and for holomorphic bundles with (1,1) connections
Authors: Cappell Sylvain E. , Miller Edward Y. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe work of Ray and Singer that introduced analytic torsion, a kind of determinant of the Laplacian operator in topological and holomorphic settings, is naturally generalized in both settings. The couplings are extended in a direct way in the topological setting to general flat bundles and in the holomorphic setting to bundles with (1,1) connections, which, by using the Newlander‐Nirenberg theorem, are seen to be the bundles with both holomorphic and antiholomorphic structures. The resulting natural generalizations of Laplacians are not always self‐adjoint, and the corresponding generalizations of analytic torsions are thus not always real‐valued. The Cheeger‐Müller theorem on equivalence in a topological setting of analytic torsion to classical topological torsion generalizes to this complex‐valued torsion. On the algebraic side the methods introduced include a notion of torsion associated to a complex equipped with both boundary and coboundary maps. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collagen type IV and Perlecan exhibit dynamic localization in the Allantoic Core Domain, a putative stem cell niche in the murine allantois
Authors: Mikedis Maria M. , Downs Karen M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA body of evidence suggests that the murine allantois contains a stem cell niche, the Allantoic Core Domain (ACD), that may contribute to a variety of allantoic and embryonic cell types. Given that extracellular matrix (ECM) regulates cell fate and function in niches, the allantois was systematically examined for Collagen type IV (ColIV) and Perlecan, both of which are associated with stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Not only was localization of ColIV and Perlecan more widespread during gastrulation than previously reported, but protein localization profiles were particularly robust and dynamic within the allantois and associated visceral endoderm as the ACD formed and matured. We propose that these data provide further evidence that the ACD is a stem cell niche whose activity is synchronized with associated visceral endoderm, possibly via ECM proteins. Developmental Dynamics 238:3193–3204, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Platinum(II)‐Promoted [2+3] Cycloaddition of Azide with 4‐Cyanobenzaldehyde, a Schiff Base Derivative or Dicyanobenzenes To Give Formyl‐, Amino(imino)‐ or Cyano‐Functionalized Tetrazolato Complexes
Authors: Lasri Jamal , Guedes da Silva M. Fátima C. , Kopylovich Maximilian N. , Ghosh Mukhopadhyay Bhaswati , Pombeiro Armando J. L. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe [2+3] cycloaddition reaction (which is greatly accelerated by microwave irradiation) of the bis(azido)platinum(II) compound cis‐[Pt(N3)2(PPh3)2] (1) with 4‐cyanobenzaldehyde (2) furnishes the N2N2‐bonded isomer of bis[5‐(4‐formylphenyl)tetrazol‐2‐ate] platinum(II) trans‐[Pt{N4CC6H4(4‐CH=O)}2(PPh3)2] (3a) as the major product, along with the N1N2‐bonded isomer 3b. Treatment of 3a with 2‐dimethylaminoethylamine (4), in refluxing methanol, gives the corresponding N2N2‐bonded bis[(E)‐5‐(4‐{[2‐(dimethylamino)ethylimino]methyl}phenyl)tetrazol‐2‐ate] platinum(II) complex trans‐[Pt{N4CC6H4(4‐CH=NCH2CH2NMe2)}2(PPh3)2] (6) in good yield. An alternative route involves the reaction of 4‐cyanobenzaldehyde (2) with diamine 4 to give the E isomer of 4‐{[2‐(dimethylamino)ethylimino]methyl}benzonitrile N≡CC6H4(4‐CH=NCH2CH2NMe2) (5), followed by the reaction of the latter with bis(azido)platinum(II) complex 1 to afford 6 in similar yield. The reaction of 6 with MCl2 (M = Pd, Ni, Zn, Cu), at room temperature for 3 h regenerates complex 3a as a result of the Schiff base hydrolysis, along with the diamine complex [MCl2(NH2CH2CH2NMe2)] (7). Treatment of 6 with ZnCl2 for 36 h affords a mixture of 3a with its substitution products [Pt{HN4CC6H4(4‐CH=O)}(NH2CH2CH2NMe2)(PPh3)]Cl2 (9; isolated in the tetrazole form) and cis‐[PtCl2(PPh3)2] (10) and diamine complex 7 (M = Zn). The [2+3] cycloaddition reactions of cis‐[Pt(N3)2(PPh3)2] (1) with unsubstituted dicyanobenzenes 11 [1,2‐C6H4(CN)2 (11a), 1,3‐C6H4(CN)2 (11b), 1,4‐C6H4(CN)2 (11c)] occur regioselectively and give the corresponding N2N2‐bonded bis[5‐(cyanophenyl)tetrazol‐2‐ate] trans‐[Pt(N4CC6H4R)2(PPh3)2] complexes 12 (R = 2‐CN 12a, 3‐CN 12b, 4‐CN 12c). The isolated compounds were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and 31P{1H} NMR (metal complexes) spectroscopy, elemental analyses, ESI‐MS and X‐ray structural analyses (for 3a, 5·HCl, 7, 9 and 12a). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Catalyzed Propargylic Substitution
Authors: Detz Remko J. , Hiemstra Henk , van Maarseveen Jan H. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBesides being a versatile entity for further chemical transformations, the propargylic subunit is also part of various natural products, fine chemicals, and synthetic pharmaceuticals. Propargylic substitution reactions, however, are rather unexplored. An overview of this emerging field is presented. We especially focus on experimental results that deal with catalyzed substitutions of propargylic alcohols and their derivatives. Finally, some enantioselective propargylic substitution methods are discussed.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Increased production of extracellular polysaccharide byPorphyridium cruentumimmobilized in foam sheets
Authors: Gasljevic Kazimir , Hall Kimbal A. , Oakes Stephanie , Chapman David J. , Matthys Eric F. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractLarge‐size plate bioreactors were used to compare the production of extracellular polysaccharide by the red microalgaPorphyridium cruentumwhen grown in suspension and in a foam sheet. A well‐defined illuminated area and unidirectional light propagation allowed us to generate information that is better quantified when expressed in terms of illuminated area. This is essential for meaningful comparison of data, especially considering that for a well‐designed and managed bioreactor, the culture production rates are believed to be light limited. At the same level of illumination, the culture immobilized in foam showed double the production rate of extracellular polysaccharide compared with the culture in suspension. The saturation level of biomass densityperunit of illuminated area was eight times higher for the immobilized culture compared with the culture in suspension. Despite the increased biomass density for the immobilized culture, an increase in the light level above the optimum found for the culture in suspension reduced the extracellular polysaccharide production, suggesting that the photoinhibition light level was surpassed.
Rapid immuno‐monitoring of inoculant plant growth‐promoting microorganisms
Authors: Kecskés Mihály L. , Rose Michael T. , Michel Erwin , Lauby Benôit , Rakotondrainibe Malala , Casteriano Andrea , Palágyi Attila , Moutouvirin Anaëlle , Elter Sébastien , Guillas Romain , Krishnen Ganisan , Kennedy Ivan R. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractRapid, specific techniques are essential to monitor the quality of inoculant plant growth‐promoting strains at all stages of manufacture from starter culture to the final product in its carrier medium. In this study, colony immunoblotting was evaluated for the specific detection and enumeration of Citrobacter freundii, one component of a Vietnamese commercial inoculant plant growth‐promoting product used to improve the yield and nutrient efficiency of paddy rice. For quality control of either sterilised or unsterilised carrier media in commercial products colony immunoblotting proved to be a promising tool. Furthermore, it was possible using this technique to measure the survival of this strain in soil and the rhizosphere.
Column restraint in post‐tensioned self‐centering moment frames
Authors: Chou Chung‐Che , Chen Jun‐Hen 
Published: November 2009

AbstractGaps between beam‐to‐column interfaces in a post‐tensioned (PT) self‐centering frame with more than one column are constrained by columns, which causes beam compression force different from the applied PT force. This study proposes an analytical method for evaluating column bending stiffness and beam compression force by modeling column deformation according to gap‐openings at all stories. The predicted compression forces in the beams are validated by a cyclic analysis of a three‐story PT frame and by cyclic tests of a full‐scale, two‐bay by first‐story PT frame, which represents a substructure of the three‐story PT frame. The proposed method shows that compared with the strand tensile force, the beam compression force is increased at the 1st story but is decreased at the 2nd and 3rd stories due to column deformation compatibility. The PT frame tests show that the proposed method reasonably predicts beam compression force and strand force and that the beam compression force is 2 and 60% larger than the strand force with respect to a minor restraint and a pin‐supported boundary condition, respectively, at the tops of the columns. Therefore, the earlier method using a pin‐supported boundary condition at upper story columns represents an upper bound of the effect and is shown to be overly conservative for cases where a structure responds primarily in its first mode. The proposed method allows for more accurate prediction of the column restraint effects for structures that respond in a pre‐determined mode shape which is more typical of low and mid‐rise structures. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Children's ability to distinguish between enjoyment and non‐enjoyment smiles
Authors: Gosselin Pierre , Perron Mélanie , Maassarani Reem 
Published: November 2009

AbstractChildren's ability to distinguish between enjoyment and non‐enjoyment smiles was investigated by presenting participants with short video excerpts of smiles. Enjoyment smiles differed from non‐enjoyment smiles by greater symmetry and by appearance changes produced in the eye region by the Cheek Raiser action. The results indicate that 6‐ and 7‐year‐old children have the abilities to detect these differences and are able to interpret them with above chance‐level accuracy. Sensitivity was higher for the symmetry of the smiles than for the appearance changes produced in the eye region and improved in later childhood. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microalgal biomass as a fermentation feedstock for bioethanol production
Authors: Harun Razif , Danquah Michael K. , Forde Gareth M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: The increasing cost of fossil fuels as well as the escalating social and industrial awareness of the environmental impacts associated with the use of fossil fuels has created the need for more sustainable fuel options. Bioethanol, produced from renewable biomass such as sugar and starch materials, is believed to be one of these options, and it is currently being harnessed extensively. However, the utilization of sugar and starch materials as feedstocks for bioethanol production creates a major competition with the food market in terms of land for cultivation, and this makes bioethanol from these sources economically less attractive.RESULT: This study explores the suitability of microalgae (Chlorococum sp.) as a substrate for bioethanol production via yeast (Saccharomyces bayanus) under different fermentation conditions. Results show a maximum ethanol concentration of 3.83 g L−1 obtained from 10 g L−1 of lipid‐extracted microalgae debris.CONCLUSION: This productivity level (∼38% w/w), which is in keeping with that of current production systems endorses microalgae as a promising substrate for bioethanol production. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Enhancing completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite by trace NO2 addition to an AUSB reactor
Authors: Zhang Daijun , Cai Qing , Cong Liying 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) could decrease energy consumption and CO2 release compared with conventional nitration–denitrification. Trace NO2 addition could enhance the activities of aerobic and anaerobic ammonium oxidation.RESULTS: An aerated upflow sludge bed (AUSB) reactor inoculated simultaneously with aerobic and anaerobic ammonium oxidizing sludge was operated to cultivate granular sludge capable of carrying out CANON. The results showed that the efficiency and rate of total nitrogen (TN) removal reached 61% and 0.114 kgN, respectively (m−3 day−1) for DO = 0.5–0.6 mg L−1. Batch tests indicated that trace NO2 addition could increase the CANON activity of sludge. The TN removal rate and efficiency of the reactor was increased to 0.234 kgN m−3 day−1 and 63%, respectively, when the reactor was aerated with air containing 2.7–3.3 mmol m−3 NO2 and DO was at 0.5–0.8 mg L−1.CONCLUSIONS: Trace NO2 addition provides an alternative to increase the capacity of a CANON system at low DO concentration. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Separation of p‐xylene from ternary xylene mixture using silicalite‐1 membrane: process optimization studies
Authors: Yeong Yin Fong , Abdullah Ahmad Zuhairi , Ahmad Abdul Latif , Bhatia Subhash 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: The design of experiments (DoE) is applied to the process optimization of p‐xylene (pX) separation from its isomers m‐xylene (mX) and o‐xylene (oX) mixture using silicalite‐1 membrane supported on α‐alumina. A central composite design (CCD) coupled with response surface methodology (RSM) was used to correlate the effect of two separation process variables, temperature (150–250 °C) and pX feed partial pressure (0.10–0.26 kPa) to three responses: (i) pX flux; (ii) pX/oX separation factor; and (iii) pX/mX separation factor. The significant factors affecting each response were elucidated from the analysis of variance (ANOVA). The interaction between two variables was investigated systematically based on three‐dimensional response surface plots.RESULTS: The optimization criteria were used to maximize the value of pX flux, pX/mX separation factor and pX/oX separation factor. The optimum pX flux of 5.94 × 10−6 mol m−2 s−1, pX/oX separation factor of 19 and pX/mX separation factor of 20 were obtained at a temperature of 198 °C and pX feed partial pressure of 0.22 kPa.CONCLUSIONS: The experimental results were in good agreement with the simulated values obtained from the proposed models, with an average error of ± 2.90%. In comparison with the conventional approach, DoE provides better flexibility of the process studies and a useful guideline for the membrane process operation for pX separation. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
The efficiency of nuclear plasmid DNA delivery is a critical determinant of transgene expression at the single cell level
Authors: Glover Dominic J. , Leyton Denisse L. , Moseley Gregory W. , Jans David A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe nuclear envelope that encloses the nucleus is a significant barrier to non‐viral vectors and shrouds the relationship between the trafficking of plasmid DNA to the nucleus and expression of an encoded transgene. Here, we use a novel single cell approach to quantify nuclear import of plasmid DNA following non‐viral transfection and correlate this with reporter gene expression.MethodsThrough the fractionation of intact nuclei from HeLa cells, the intranuclear copy number of plasmid DNA was quantified after transfection with either polyethylenimine (PEI) or LipofectAMINE2000 (LFA). Importantly, the use of a reporter protein that is incorporated into chromatin and retained in isolated nuclei permits analysis of gene expression by flow cytometry to be compared with nuclear plasmid delivery.ResultsPEI was found to mediate a greater and more rapid nuclear accumulation of plasmid DNA compared to LFA, but reporter gene expression was shown to be higher for LFA than PEI when an equivalent number of plasmids were in the nucleus. Sorting of the extracted nuclei according to the level of reporter expression demonstrated that reporter expression was dependent upon the number of plasmids delivered into the nucleus, with both threshold and saturation in expression evident with few or many nuclear plasmids.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate formally that although the efficiency of plasmid nuclear delivery is a critical determinant of the level of transgene expression, intranuclear events also influence the transcriptional activity of the transgene, and must be taken into consideration when attempting to maximize the efficiency of non‐viral vectors. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of 2‐amino‐4‐hydroxyl‐6‐hydroxymethyl‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydropyrido[3,2‐d]pyrimidine from 2‐amino‐4‐hydroxyl‐6‐methylpyrimidine
Authors: Zhang Zhili , Liu Jie , Liu Weidong , Wang Xiaowei , Cheng Zhijian , Liu Junyi 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
magnified image The synthesis of 2‐amino‐4‐hydroxyl‐6‐hydroxymethyl‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydropyrido[3,2‐d]pyrimidine 3 is described from 2‐amino‐6‐methyluracil 4 through the crucial step of 2‐pivaloyl protecting and cyclization. The assignment of the structure of 3 was performed by its spectral data, the 1H NMR, 13C NMR, gHMQC, and HRMS spectra. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).
Effect of gradual weight‐bearing on regenerated articular cartilage after joint distraction and motion in a rabbit model
Authors: Nishino Tomofumi , Ishii Tomoo , Chang Fei , Yanai Takaji , Watanabe Arata , Ogawa Takeshi , Mishima Hajime , Nakai Kenjiro , Ochiai Naoyuki 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of gradual weight bearing (GWB) on regenerating cartilage. We developed a novel external fixation device (EFD) with a controllable weight‐bearing system and continuous passive motion (CPM). A full‐thickness defect was created by resection of the entire articular surface of the tibial plateau after the EFD was fixed in the rabbit's left knee. In the GWB group (n = 6), GWB was started 6 weeks after surgery. In the CPM group (n = 6), CPM with EFD was applied in the same manner without GWB. The control group (n = 5) received only joint distraction. All rabbits were sacrificed 9 weeks after surgery. The central one‐third of the regenerated tissue was assessed and scored blindly using a grading scale modified from the International Cartilage Repair Society visual histological assessment scale. The areas stained by Safranin‐O and type II collagen antibody were measured, and the percentage of each area was calculated. There was no significant difference in the histological assessment scale among the groups. The percentage of the type II collagen‐positive area was significantly larger in the GWB group than in the CPM group. The present study suggests that optimal mechanical stress, such as GWB, may affect regeneration of cartilage, in vivo. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:600–606, 2010
In situ Raman and optical microscopy of the relaxation behavior of amorphous ices under pressure
Authors: Yoshimura Yukihiro , Mao Ho‐kwang , Hemley Russell J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe transformation of low‐density amorphous (LDA) ice produced from high‐density amorphous (HDA) ice was studied up to 400 MPa as a function of temperature by in situ Raman spectroscopy and optical microscopy. Changes in these amorphous states of H2O were directly tracked without using emulsions to just above the crystallization temperature Tx. The spectra show significant changes occurring above ∼125 K. The results are compared with data reported for the relaxation behavior of HDA, to form what we call relaxed HDA, or rHDA. We find a close connection with expanded HDA (eHDA), which is reported to exist as another metastable form in this P–T region. The observation of this temperature‐induced LDA transition under pressure complements the previously observed pressure‐induced reversible transition between LDA and HDA at 120–140 K. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phytochemical characteristics and hypoglycaemic activity of fraction from mushroom Inonotus obliquus
Authors: Lu Xueming , Chen Haixia , Dong Peng , Fu Lingling , Zhang Xin 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Inonotus obliquus is a medicinal mushroom that has been used as an effective agent to treat various diseases such as diabetes, tuberculosis and cancer. In order to elucidate the active fraction and its constituents, the effects of ethyl acetate fraction from I. obliquus (EAFI) on hyperglycaemia were investigated and the main constituents of EAFI were isolated and identified.RESULTS: EAFI treatment led to a significant decrease in blood glucose level (P < 0.05) in alloxan‐induced diabetic mice. It significantly decreased the total cholesterol level in serum, increased glutathione peroxidase activity and improved the growth physiological characteristics. In addition, EAFI treatment decreased the levels of triglyceride and malondialdehyde and increased the high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol level in serum and the hepatic glycogen level in liver of diabetic mice. Five compounds were isolated from EAFI and identified as lanosterol (1), 3β‐hydroxy‐lanosta‐8,24‐diene‐21‐al (2), inotodiol (3), ergosterol peroxide (4) and trametenolic acid (5) by spectral methods. Inotodiol and trametenolic acid were found to have an inhibitory effect on α‐amylase activity and a scavenging effect on 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl radicals.CONCLUSION: EAFI showed significant antihyperglycaemic and antilipidperoxidative effects in alloxan‐induced diabetic mice. Terpenoid and sterol compounds appeared to be the major active constituents of I. obliquus. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
A Facile Strategy for the Modification of Polyethylene Substrates with Non‐Fouling, Bioactive Poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate) Brushes
Authors: Lavanant Laurent , Pullin Brian , Hubbell Jeffrey A. , Klok Harm‐Anton 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis manuscript reports a facile strategy for the modification of polyethylene, a widely used biomaterial, with a thin non‐biofouling coating that can act as a platform to introduce biochemical cues to control and direct, e.g., cell adhesion and proliferation. The non‐biofouling coating is produced, following a two‐step strategy involving photobromination of the polyethylene substrate followed by surface‐initiated ATRP of poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate. The resulting coatings, which are referred to as polymer brushes, are robust and withstand prolonged exposure to aqueous ethanol and phosphate buffered saline and also do not show any signs of detachment or degradation in the in vivo studies over a period of 10 d. Functionalization of these polymer brush coatings with extracellular matrix derived peptide sequences, promotes adhesion and spreading of endothelial cells.magnified image