bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exposure to brominated trihalomethanes in drinking water and reproductive outcomes
Authors: Patelarou Evridiki , Kargaki Sophia , Stephanou Euripides G , Nieuwenhuijsen Mark , Sourtzi Panayota , Gracia Esther , Chatzi Leda , Koutis Anthonis , Kogevinas Manolis 
Published: October 2010

ObjectivesExposure to disinfection by-products (DBPs) during pregnancy has been associated with adverse birth outcomes. We evaluated exposure to DBPs through ingestion, inhalation and dermal absorption among pregnant women in Crete, in relation to birth weight and gestational age.MethodsThe mother–child birth cohort in Crete (‘Rhea’ study) enrolled 1359 pregnant women at the third month of pregnancy (2007–2008), residents in the prefecture of Heraklion. Exposures were assessed through three questionnaires administered during pregnancy requesting extensive information on personal water-related habits. Tap water samples were collected in representative mother homes on the basis of detailed water distribution patterns, and were analysed for major DBPs including trihalomethanes (THMs). Logistic and linear regression models were applied.ResultsPregnant women reported a high consumption of bottled water at home (76%) and work (96%). More than half the women (59%) washed dishes by hand, nearly all women (94%) took showers rather than baths (1%), and only 2% attended a swimming pool. THM levels were low (<20 μg/l) with a high proportion of brominated compounds. When using quantitative estimates of residential exposure, we found no association with low birth weight (LBW, OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.4 to 1.4), small for gestational age for weight (SGAweight, OR 1.1, 95% CI 0.6 to 2.2) and preterm delivery (OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.5 to 1.3). Similar results were observed when taking into account uptake of THMs through all exposure routes.ConclusionsWe found no evidence for an increased risk of LBW, SGA and preterm delivery at the relatively low level exposure to THMs and particularly brominated THMs in Cretan drinking water.
Cohort mortality study of workers at seven beryllium processing plants: update and associations with cumulative and maximum exposure
Authors: Schubauer-Berigan Mary K , Couch James R , Petersen Martin R , Carreón Tania , Jin Yan , Deddens James A 
Published: October 2010

ObjectivesTo extend follow-up of cause-specific mortality in workers at seven beryllium processing plants and to estimate associations between mortality risk and beryllium exposure.Methods9199 workers were followed for mortality from 1940 through 2005. Standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) were estimated based on US population comparisons for lung, nervous system and urinary tract cancers, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic kidney disease, and categories containing chronic beryllium disease (CBD) and cor pulmonale. Associations with maximum and cumulative exposure were calculated for a subset of the workers.ResultsOverall mortality in the cohort compared with the US population was elevated for lung cancer (SMR 1.17; 95% CI 1.08 to 1.28), COPD (SMR 1.23; 95% CI 1.13 to 1.32), and the categories containing CBD (SMR 7.80; 95% CI 6.26 to 9.60) and cor pulmonale (SMR 1.17; 95% CI 1.08 to 1.26). Mortality rates for most diseases of interest increased with time-since-hire. For the category including CBD, rates were substantially elevated compared to the US population across all exposure groups. Workers whose maximum beryllium exposure was ≥10 μg/m3had higher rates of lung cancer, urinary tract cancer, COPD and the category containing cor pulmonale than workers with lower exposure. Significant positive trends with cumulative exposure were observed for nervous system cancers (p=0.0006) and, when short-term workers were excluded, lung cancer (p=0.01), urinary tract cancer (p=0.003) and COPD (p<0.0001).ConclusionThese findings reaffirm that lung cancer and CBD, and suggest that COPD and nervous system and urinary tract cancers, are related to beryllium exposure. Cigarette smoking and exposure to other lung carcinogens are unlikely to explain these elevations.
Should glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) be used to detect people with type 2 diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose regulation?
Authors: Mostafa Samiul A , Davies Melanie J , Srinivasan Balasubramanian Thiagarajan , Carey Marian E , Webb David , Khunti Kamlesh 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
There is a need to simplify screening tests for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) so patients can be identified earlier and more efficiently. Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) has been recommended by some international organisations as a diagnostic tool for detecting T2DM and impaired glucose regulation (IGR, also termed prediabetes and includes impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance). The HbA1c cut-point of ≥6.5% (48 mmol/mol) has been selected as diagnostic for T2DM, while the cut-points for IGR are debated by the different international organisations: an International Expert Committee has suggested using HbA1c 6.0–6.4% (42–46 mmol/mol); however, the American Diabetes Association has recommended using HbA1c 5.7–6.4% (39–46 mmol/mol). Some countries will adopt a new method of reporting HbA1c values in millimoles per mole (mmol/mol). Use of HbA1c has some logistical advantages over using an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). As patients do not need to fast, appointments do not need to be limited to the morning. The HbA1c result reflects longer term glycaemia and is less affected by recent physical/emotional stress. However, there is some debate as to whether HbA1c should replace fasting plasma glucose or the OGTT. As the two tests detect different people, some individuals with diabetes detected on OGTT will no longer be classified as having T2DM using HbA1c ≥6.5% criteria. Furthermore, some medical conditions can result in HbA1c assay measurements not reflecting glycaemic control over the last 2–3 months; these include haematological disorders, renal failure, and chronic excess alcohol consumption.
Right ventricular myocardial infarction: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management
Authors: Kakouros Nicholaos , Cokkinos Dennis V 
Published: October 2010

AbstractRight ventricular (RV) ischaemia complicates up to 50% of inferior myocardial infarctions (MIs), though isolated RV myocardial infarction (RVMI) is extremely rare. Although the RV shows good long term recovery, in the short term RV involvement portends a worse prognosis to uncomplicated inferior MI, with haemodynamic and electrophysiologic complications increasing in-hospital morbidity and mortality. Acute RV shock has an equally high mortality to left ventricular (LV) shock. Identification of RV involvement, particularly in the setting of hypotension, can help anticipate and prevent complications and has important management implications which are distinct from the management of patients presenting with LV infarction. Reperfusion therapy, particularly by primary percutaneous coronary intervention, hastens and enhances RV functional recovery that occurs to near normality in most patients. The diagnostic methods for RVMI are discussed, including clinical, electrocardiographic, and various imaging modalities as well as the RV pathophysiology that underpins the specifics of RVMI management.
Relationship between the Chinese tobacco industry and academic institutions in China
Authors: Gan Quan , Glantz Stanton A 
Published: October 2010

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between the Chinese tobacco industry and academic institutions in China.MethodsWe searched online databases of journal articles published in both Chinese and English for academic institutions in China conducting research with or sponsored by Chinese tobacco companies. We also searched the websites of tobacco companies, their affiliated institutions and academic institutions for reports of collaborations.ResultsThe Chinese tobacco industry, in addition to its own strong tobacco research capacity, maintains close ties with an extensive network of academic research institutions and universities to provide both research and training. The Chinese tobacco industry relies heavily upon academic researchers to advance its research agenda and such reliance has grown over time. Most research deals with farming, manufacturing and management issues, but research on ‘reduced harm’ and health effects has increased from 1% of projects in 1983–1987 to 4% in 2003–2007.ConclusionsChinese academic institutions should consider the fact that engagement with the tobacco industry, particularly on issues related to health or promotion of tobacco products, could damage their reputations, a concern that has led many leading Western universities to eschew relationships with the tobacco industry. To the extent that the Chinese tobacco industry's involvement in academic institutions affects tobacco control policy making; it violates Article 5.3 of Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, which China ratified in 2005.
Health consequences of pipe versus cigarette smoking
Authors: Tverdal Aage , Bjartveit Kjell 
Published: October 2010

ObjectivesTo estimate the risk of dying from all causes and from specified smoking-related diseases in men who were exclusive daily pipe smokers at two consecutive examinations, and in men who switched from smoking cigarettes only to pipe only.DesignA prospective cohort study.SettingThree counties in Norway.Participants16 932 men, aged 20–49, screened for cardiovascular disease risk factors in the mid-1970s, re-screened after 3–13 years, and followed throughout 2007.OutcomesAbsolute mortality and relative risks adjusted for confounding variables, of dying from all causes and ischaemic heart disease, stroke, cardiovascular disease, lung cancer and other smoking-related cancer.ResultsAltogether, the men were observed for 403 327 years, and during the observation period, 4933 deaths occurred. With sustained never smokers as reference, the sustained smokers of a pipe only had adjusted relative risk (95% CI), of dying from any cause that was 1.99 (1.73 to 2.27). At comparable tobacco consumption, no significant difference in risk between pipe and cigarette smokers appeared. As to survival, no difference was found between sustained smokers of a pipe only and of cigarettes only. Men who switched from cigarettes only to pipe only had a risk which was not significantly different from the risk in sustained smokers of cigarettes only.ConclusionsBetween pipe and cigarette smokers, no or only minor differences were found in mortality from any cause and the specified smoking-related diseases. Pipe smoking is not safer than cigarette smoking.
Detrital heavy minerals, white mica and zircon geochronology in the Ordovician South Mayo Trough, western Ireland: signatures of the Laurentian basement and the Grampian orogeny
Authors: Mange Maria , Idleman Bruce , Yin Qing-Zhu , Hidaka Hiroshi , Dewey John 
Published: October 2010

Abstract:
The Ordovician strata of the South Mayo Trough in western Ireland were deposited as a conformable sequence, first in the forearc of a north-facing oceanic arc, then in a synorogenic basin above the arc–continent collisional Grampian orogen, then in an extensional hanging-wall basin above the exhuming Dalradian metamorphic complex and, finally, in an Andean-type margin successor basin. This depositional history, and its relationship to the Grampian orogeny, to the pre- and post-collision arcs, and to sources in the Laurentian foreland, is recorded in detrital heavy mineral suites, Ar/Ar ages of detrital white micas, and U–Pb ages of detrital zircons. Heavy minerals record the progressive extensional unroofing of an obducted ophiolite complex, then the rapid extensional unroofing of the Grampian Dalradian metamorphic complex. White mica ages give Neoproterozoic, Mesoproterozoic, and Neoarchaean ages in the lower part of the sequence then, at about 466 Ma, synchronously with the appearance of amphibolite-facies metamorphic detritus, a tightly unimodal Grampian metamorphic age. Zircons yield mainly Mesoproterozoic and Neoarchaean ages, indicating a Laurentian source, and a Grampian age of 460–468 Ma. Paralleling the appearance of Grampian-age micas, the colour of zircon changes from dominantly purple to dominantly colourless, reflecting the thermal annealing effect of metamorphism. However, the temperature of Grampian metamorphism was not high enough to reset the U–Pb isotopic systematics of detrital zircons.
Vestige of an Early Cambrian incipient oceanic crust incorporated in the Variscan orogen: Letovice Complex, Bohemian Massif
Authors: Soejono Igor , Žáčková Eliška , Janoušek Vojtĕch , Machek Matĕj , Košler Jan 
Published: October 2010

Abstract:

The Letovice Complex, composed of metamorphosed enriched mid-ocean ridge basalts with trondhjemitic sheets, as well as gabbroic and ultrabasic bodies, is exposed within an important Variscan suture separating the Moldanubian Domain (to the west) from the Brunovistulicum (to the east) in the eastern part of the Bohemian Massif, Czech Republic. A polyphase tectonic evolution of the study area was connected with underthrusting and subsequent exhumation of the former oceanic realm, which resulted in three deformation phases (D
1
–D
3
). New U–Pb laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry dating of magmatic zircons from amphibolite and trondhjemite yielded statistically identical concordia ages of 530 ± 6 Ma and 529 ± 7 Ma (2σ), respectively. These are interpreted as dating intrusions of the Early Cambrian protoliths of the studied rocks. Based on this age as well as whole-rock geochemical and Nd isotopic data, the Letovice Complex is interpreted as a vestige of an incipient oceanic basin developing on attenuated crust. The most likely geotectonic setting was a post-Cadomian extensional regime at the northern margin of Gondwana that marked the onset of its break-up.

Supplementary material:

Photomicrographs of microstructures, sample locations, descriptions of analytical techniques, and selected electron microprobe analyses of the main rock-forming minerals are available at
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18424
.
Pyritic and baritic burrows and microbial filaments in postglacial lacustrine clays in the northern Baltic Sea
Authors: Virtasalo Joonas J. , Löwemark Ludvig , Papunen Heikki , Kotilainen Aarno T. , Whitehouse Martin J. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract:

Holocene postglacial lacustrine clays in the northern Baltic Sea were studied for ichnofossils, petrography, and microscale elemental and
34
S/
32
S composition to understand the impact of benthos-produced organic matrices on the early diagenesis of sediments. X-radiographs of these clays display intense burrow mottling with discrete
Palaeophycus
, ‘Mycellia' and rare
Arenicolites
. Small burrow-like and irregularly shaped concretions were separated from these clays. The burrow-like concretions are composed of framboidal pyrite and poorly crystalline FeS
2
cement. They formed within worm-produced burrows by the decomposition of mucous coatings on the burrow walls by sulphate reduction. δ
34
S
CDT
composition of the framboids indicates saline inflows from the North Sea as the sulphate source. The irregular concretions are microcrystalline pyritic masses that formed in pore spaces with less reactive organic compounds. Their δ
34
S
CDT
values reflect precipitation from the ambient porewater sulphate by sulphate reduction. The burrow-like and irregular concretions are microcrystalline barite in the lower parts of the clays. ‘Mycellia' are mineral-replaced filaments produced by large sulphur-oxidizing bacteria or mycelial fungi. They concentrate in monosulphide bands in the lower substrate levels, but are associated with organic patches upward. This study demonstrates that substantial amounts of pyrite formed within organic matrices close to the sediment–water interface. This differs from previous studies that proposed a deeper-burial origin and allochthonous sulphur source.

Supplementary material:

Sulphur isotope data are available at
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18426
.
Testing rival tectonic uplift models for the Lechaion Gulf in the Gulf of Corinth rift
Authors: Turner J.A. , Leeder M.R. , Andrews J.E. , Rowe P.J. , Van Calsteren P. , Thomas L. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract:

The Gulf of Corinth, central Greece, is a rapidly extending continental rift, the eastern part of which bifurcates into the active northern Alkyonides Gulf and the southern Lechaion Gulf. The Lechaion Gulf is considered an inactive relict of early rifting, yet the presence of late Quaternary shorelines is evidence of continuing uplift of the north, east and south margins of this basin. Models to explain uplift include uplift on the footwall of the southern Alkyonides Gulf fault system and the Xylocastro–Perachora faults or ‘regional' isostatic uplift independent of fault slip. These models are tested by comparing predicted spatial uplift trends with those observed. Uplift rates since Marine Isotope Stage 7 of 0.31 ± 0.04 mm a
−1
on the Lechaion Gulf north coast are explained as displacement on the footwall of active faults. However, the south coast uplift cannot be explained by footwall uplift and is evidence for isostatic uplift that probably affects the whole of the southern Gulf of Corinth rift. Isostatic uplift rates of 0.22 ± 0.01 mm a
−1
at the Corinth canal increase westward towards the mouth of the Lechaion Gulf where it meets the modern rift, the Gulf of Corinth.

Supplementary material:

Details of Holocene marine notches that identify raised shorelines from exposures on the southern Perachora peninsula between Heraion and Loutraki, and of the cumulative displacement of sequences by minor faults on the Isthmus, exposed in the Corinth canal walls, are available at
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18429
.
A composite mud volcano system in the Chalk Group of the North Sea Central Graben
Authors: Andresen Katrine J. , Clausen Ole R. , Jørgensen Rune B. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract:

The study describes a large (kilometre-scale) composite mud volcano system within the North Sea Chalk Group, containing both intrusion and extrusion features. The upper part of the system consists of three stacked constructive components. At the top, a Late Palaeocene mound-shaped extrusion with subtle onlaps is observed. Below, a Danian near-surface intrusion caused forced-folding of the
c
. 100 m thick overburden. This is underlain by a shallow intrusion. The lower part of the mud volcano system is defined by a depletion-related depression and the fluid conduit. Seismic data suggest that the source unit for the linked intrusion–extrusion is to be found either within a Lower Cretaceous diapiric siliciclastic structure or within the fine-grained carbonates of the Chalk Group. The latter is more probable, implying that chalk may generate hitherto undocumented intrusions and extrusions comparable with siliciclastic mud volcano systems. Remobilization is inferred to have been driven by fluidization caused by the influx of mainly pore water expelled from the Lower Cretaceous succession. A distinct depositional variation within the Chalk Group caused early diagenetic differences in porosity preservation and mechanical properties of the chalk units, allowing the remobilization of certain chalk units even at burial depths as great as 200 m.
3D seismic imaging of lower delta-plain beach ridges: lower Brent Group, northern North Sea
Authors: Jackson Christopher A.-L. , Grunhagen Henrike , Howell John A. , Larsen Ane L. , Andersson Annika , Boen Frede , Groth Audun 
Published: October 2010

Abstract:
Three-dimensional seismic reflection data are used to image littoral deposits within the lower Brent Group, northern North Sea. Seismic attribute maps within the unit indicate the development of parallel, high-amplitude stripes up to 15 km in length, 50–100 m wide and spaced 150–200 m apart. In map view these features trend NE–SW to ENE–WSW and are arranged into ‘sets' that display subtly different orientations. Well data in regions where these anomalies are well developed indicate pronounced anomaly-perpendicular thickness variations in sand-rich beach-ridge facies within the Etive Formation and coals and mudstones within the overlying Ness Formation. Based on these observations, the high-amplitude anomalies are interpreted as the seismic expression of coal-filled swales, whereas the adjacent zones of low amplitude are interpreted to represent the cores of sand-rich beach ridges. The geometry of beach ridges identified in the Etive Formation compares favourably with sedimentological and geometric data from modern beach ridges. The results of this study have implications for (1) the stratigraphic context and preservation of beach ridges, (2) datum selection when attempting stratigraphic correlations within the Brent Group, and (3) the exploration and production of hydrocarbons from beach ridge-type reservoirs.
High-Mg andesite genesis by upper crustal differentiation
Authors: Shellnutt J.Gregory , Zellmer Georg F. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract:

Whereas arc magmas typically undergo early degassing-induced crystallization and viscous stagnation at mid-crustal levels, hotter and less hydrous melts that are associated with elevated surface heat flux may experience delayed crystallization at shallower levels. Using MELTS modelling, we demonstrate here that high-Mg andesites, which have been regarded as particularly hydrous primary melts generated in equilibrium with mantle peridotite, can form by crystal fractionation from low-H
2
O primitive arc basalts in the upper crust. This is consistent with many characteristics previously attributed to their primary origin, including forsteritic olivines that contain chromite inclusions and lack significant reaction rims, and Cr-rich pyroxenes.

Supplementary material:

Mineral compositional variations and partition coefficients are available at
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18428
.
HGF/c-Met Acts as an Alternative Angiogenic Pathway in Sunitinib-Resistant Tumors
Authors: Shojaei Farbod , Lee Joseph H. , Simmons Brett H. , Wong Anthony , Esparza Carlos O. , Plumlee Pamela A. , Feng Junli , Stewart Albert E. , Hu-Lowe Dana D. , Christensen James G. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying resistance/low responsiveness to antiangiogenic compounds are under extensive investigations. Both populations of tumor and stroma (nontumor compartment) seem to contribute in inherent/acquired resistance to antiangiogenic therapy. Here, investigating in vivo efficacy of sunitinib in experimental models resulted in the identification of tumors that were resistant/sensitive to the therapy. Analysis of tumor protein lysates indicated a greater concentration of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in resistant tumors than in sensitive ones. In addition, using flow cytometry, c-Met expression was found to be significantly higher in endothelial cells than in tumor cells, suggesting that HGF might target the vascular endothelial cells in resistant tumors. Combination of sunitinib and a selective c-Met inhibitor significantly inhibited tumor growth compared with sunitinib or c-Met inhibitor alone in resistant tumors. Histology and in vitro analyses suggested that combination treatment mainly targeted the vasculature in the resistant tumors. Conversely, systemic injection of HGF in the sensitive tumor models conferred resistance to sunitinib through maintenance of tumor angiogenesis. In conclusion, our study indicates a role for HGF/c-Met pathway in development of resistance to antiangiogenic therapy and suggests a potential strategy to circumvent resistance to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor in the clinic. Cancer Res; 70(24); 10090–100. ©2010 AACR.