bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stem cell therapy for neonatal brain injury: Perspectives and Challenges
Authors: Titomanlio Luigi , Kavelaars Annemieke , Dalous Jeremie , Mani Shyamala , El Ghouzzi Vincent , Heijnen Cobi , Baud Olivier , Gressens Pierre 
Published: June 2011

AbstractCerebral palsy is a major health problem caused by brain damage during pregnancy, delivery, or the immediate postnatal period. Perinatal stroke, intraventricular hemorrhage, and asphyxia are the most common causes of neonatal brain damage. Periventricular white matter damage (periventricular leukomalacia) is the predominant form in premature infants and the most common antecedent of cerebral palsy. Stem cell treatment has proven effective in restoring injured organs and tissues in animal models. The potential of stem cells for self‐renewal and differentiation translates into substantial neuroprotection and neuroregeneration in the animal brain, with minimal risks of rejection and side effects. Stem cell treatments described to date have used neural stem cells, embryonic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, umbilical cord stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells. Most of these treatments are still experimental. In this review, we focus on the efficacy of stem cell therapy in animal models of cerebral palsy, and discuss potential implications for current and future clinical trials. Ann Neurol 2011
Role of ninjurin‐1 in the migration of myeloid cells to central nervous system inflammatory lesions
Authors: Ifergan Igal , Kebir Hania , Terouz Simone , Alvarez Jorge I. , Lécuyer Marc‐André , Gendron Steve , Bourbonnière Lyne , Dunay Ildiko R. , Bouthillier Alain , Moumdjian Robert , Fontana Adriano , Haqqani Arsalan , Klopstein Armelle , Prinz Marco , López‐Vales Rubèn , Birchler Thomas , Prat Alexandre 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjective:Blood‐derived myeloid antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) account for a significant proportion of the leukocytes found within lesions of multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). These APCs along with activated microglia are thought to be pivotal in the initiation of the central nervous system (CNS)‐targeted immune response in MS and EAE. However, the exact molecules that direct the migration of myeloid cells from the periphery across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) remain largely unknown.Methods:We identified Ninjurin‐1 in a proteomic screen of human BBB endothelial cells (ECs). We assessed the expression of Ninjurin‐1 by BBB‐ECs and immune cells, and we determined the role of Ninjurin‐1 in immune cell migration to the CNS in vivo in EAE mice.Results:Ninjurin‐1 was found to be weakly expressed in the healthy human and mouse CNS but upregulated on BBB‐ECs and on infiltrating APCs during the course of EAE and in active MS lesions. In human peripheral blood, Ninjurin‐1 was predominantly expressed by monocytes, whereas it was barely detectable on T and B lymphocytes. Moreover, Ninjurin‐1 neutralization specifically abrogated the adhesion and migration of human monocytes across BBB‐ECs, without affecting lymphocyte recruitment. Finally, Ninjurin‐1 blockade reduced clinical disease activity and histopathological indices of EAE and decreased infiltration of macrophages, dendritic cells, and APCs into the CNS.Interpretation:Our study uncovers an important cell‐specific role for Ninjurin‐1 in the transmigration of inflammatory APCs across the BBB and further emphasizes the importance of myeloid cell recruitment during the development of neuroinflammatory lesions.ANN NEUROL 2011
Multiple sclerosis normal‐appearing white matter: Pathology–imaging correlations
Authors: Moll Natalia M. , Rietsch Anna M. , Thomas Smitha , Ransohoff Amy J. , Lee Jar‐Chi , Fox Robert , Chang Ansi , Ransohoff Richard M. , Fisher Elizabeth 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjective:The study was undertaken to determine the pathologic basis of subtle abnormalities in magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) parameters observed in normal‐appearing white matter (NAWM) in multiple sclerosis brains.Methods:Brain tissues were obtained through a rapid postmortem protocol that included in situ magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Four types of MRI‐defined regions of interest (ROIs) were analyzed: (1) regions that were abnormal on all images (T2T1MTR lesions); (2) NAWM regions with slightly abnormal MTR located close to white matter lesions (sa‐WM Close); (3) NAWM regions with slightly abnormal MTR located far from lesions (sa‐WM Far); and (4) NAWM regions with normal MTR (NAWM). Immunohistochemical analysis for each ROI comprised immunostaining for myelin, axonal markers, activated microglia/macrophages, astrocytes, plasma proteins, and blood vessels.Results:Forty‐eight ROIs from 4 secondary progressive MS brains were analyzed. sa‐WM Close ROIs were associated with significantly more axonal swellings. There were more enlarged major histocompatibility complex II+ microglia and macrophages detected in sa‐WM Far, sa‐WM Close, and T2T1MTR lesions than in NAWM. Across all ROIs, MTR and DTI measures were moderately correlated with myelin density, axonal area, and axonal counts. Excluding T2T1MTR lesions from analysis revealed that MTR and DTI measures in nonlesional white matter (WM) were correlated with activated microglia, but not with axonal or myelin integrity.Interpretation:The pathologic substrates for MRI abnormalities in NAWM vary based on distance from focal WM lesions. Close to WM lesions, axonal pathology and microglial activation may explain subtle MRI changes. Distant from lesions, microglial activation associated with proximity to cortical lesions might underlie MRI abnormalities. ANN NEUROL 2011
Lack of evidence for epstein‐barr virus infection in myasthenia gravis thymus
Authors: Meyer Mandy , Höls Ann‐Kathrin , Liersch Britta , Leistner Rasmus , Gellert Klaus , Schalke Berthold , Marx Alexander , Niedobitek Gerald 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA role for Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) in myasthenia gravis pathogenesis has been suggested recently. Using in situ hybridization for the detection of the EBV‐encoded RNAs and EBNA1‐specific immunohistochemistry, we found no latently infected cells in a series of thymus specimens from patients with myasthenia gravis showing lymphofollicular thymitis. In addition, using immunohistochemistry and an antibody specific for the viral immediate early protein BZLF1, no evidence of lytic EBV infection was seen in these cases. Our results therefore do not support a direct role of thymic EBV infection in the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis. Ann Neurol 2011;70:515–
5‐Hydroxymethylcytosin, die sechste Base des Genoms
Authors: Münzel Martin , Globisch Daniel , Carell Thomas 
Published: June 2011

Abstract5‐Hydroxymethylcytosin (hmC) wurde kürzlich als neuer Bestandteil der DNA von Säugetieren entdeckt. Es ist neben 5‐Methylcytosin (mC) die zweite modifizierte DNA‐Base in höheren Organismen. Diese Entdeckung ist von großer Bedeutung für die Epigenetik, da sie zeigt, dass Methylierung von Cytosin kein finaler Schritt zur Stummschaltung von Genen ist, sondern dass weitere Funktionalisierungen an der Methylgruppe stattfinden, welche regulatorischen Funktionen haben können. Aktuelle Fortschritte in der hmC‐Detektion – vor allem Methoden basierend auf LC‐MS und Glucosyltransferase‐Assays – halfen, die präzise Verteilung von hmC im Körper zu entschlüsseln. Dies führte zu dem überraschenden Ergebnis, dass der hmC‐Gehalt im Gegensatz zu einem konstanten mC‐Gehalt stark gewebespezifisch ist. Die höchsten Werte für hmC wurden im zentralen Nervensystem gefunden. Es wurde darüber hinaus aufgeklärt, dass hmC an der Regulierung der Pluripotenz von Stammzellen beteiligt ist. Die Nukleobase wurde weiterhin mit der Entwicklung von Zellen und mit Karzinogenese in Verbindung gebracht. Momentan verdichten sich die Beweise, dass hmC nicht ausschließlich ein Intermediat eines aktiven Demethylierungsprozesses, sondern ein wichtiger epigenetischer Marker ist.
Synergistic effect of zinc oxide on the flame retardant and thermal properties of acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene/poly(ethylene terephthalate)/ammonium polyphosphate systems
Authors: Zhao Guodong , Guo Qiao , Yi Jiangsong , Cai Xufu 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe influence of micrometeric zinc oxide (micro‐ZnO) and nanostructured zinc oxide (nano‐ZnO) on the flammability and thermal properties of acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS)/poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)/ammonium polyphosphate (APP) systems was investigated. When 1 wt % micro‐ZnO (or nano‐ZnO) was incorporated into the ABS/PET/APP systems, the best flame‐retardancy rating of V0 was achieved during UL94 tests, and the limiting oxygen index value was 31 (or 30). The thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the addition of zinc oxide (ZnO) improved the thermal stability and the yield of char residues of the ABS/PET/APP systems. Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry showed that ZnO improved the efficiency of APP, and the char residues of the ABS/PET/APP + 2 wt % ZnO systems had higher phosphorus contents. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the surface of the char for ABS/PET/APP + 2 wt % micro‐ZnO (or nano‐ZnO) improved significantly with a cohesive and dense structure; however, that for ABS/PET/APP + 5 wt % micro‐ZnO (or nano‐ZnO) exhibited a looser char layer with bigger holes. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011.
Preparation and characterization of crosslinked carboxymethyl chitosan–oxidized sodium alginate hydrogels
Authors: Fan Li‐Hong , Pan Xiao‐Ran , Zhou Yue , Chen Ling‐Yun , Xie Wei‐Guo , Long Zhong‐Heng , Zheng Hua 
Published: June 2011

AbstractOxidized sodium alginate (OSA) was prepared through an oxidation reaction of sodium alginate in the presence of sodium periodate. In situ crosslinked hydrogels were obtained through the crosslinking reaction between the active aldehyde of OSA and the amino of the carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS). The effects of the addition of OSA on the structure and properties of the hydrogels are discussed. The structures of OSA, CMCS, and the hydrogels were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and the morphology of the hydrogels was characterized by X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The results from the gelation time test show that the hydrogels had the shortest gelation time of 6.3 s when the addition of OSA was 8 mL. The results from the swelling degree determination test showed that the hydrogel swelling degree first increased and then decreased with the addition of OSA. With the introduction of nanosilver, the hydrogels showed a degree of antibacterial performance. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011.
Dynamic mechanical and underwater acoustic properties of the polyurethane/epoxy resin blend elastomers filled with macroporous poly(vinyl acetate‐co‐triallyl isocyanurate) resin beads
Authors: Sun Weihong , Yan Xin , Zhu Xi 
Published: June 2011

AbstractMacroporous poly(vinyl acetate‐co‐triallyl isocyanurate) resin beads were prepared by suspension polymerization and used as acoustic particles for polyurethane (PU)/epoxy resin (EP) intercrosslinked elastomer matrices. The influences of the beads on the dynamic mechanical and underwater acoustic properties of the matrices were investigated. The results show that the underwater acoustic absorption properties of the matrices were improved by the beads, and this depended on the amount of the beads, the composition ratios of PU to EP, the bead diameters, the matrix thickness, and the water temperature. A comparison of the matrix with a 70/30 composition ratio of PU to EP to one without the beads showed that the average acoustic absorption coefficient of the composite with 5% beads increased from 0.38 to 0.55, and the peak value increased from 0.42 to 0.65, but the composites with 10 and 15% of the beads had lower acoustic absorption coefficients at low frequency and a much higher acoustic absorption coefficient at high frequency. The results also indicate that the beads with smaller diameters had a better enhancing effect on the underwater acoustic properties of the matrices. The results of the dynamic mechanical measurements showed that the damping properties of the composites depended on the composition ratios of PU to EP. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011.
Preparation of acrylated agarose‐based hydrogels and investigation of their application as fertilizing systems
Authors: Pourjavadi Ali , Sadat Afjeh Soofieh , Seidi Farzad , Salimi Hamid 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn this study, we attempt to synthesize novel acrylated agarose (ACAG)‐based hydrogels with three different crosslinking densities. Acrylate groups were inserted onto agarose (AG) backbone through homogeneous reaction of acrylic monomers with AG backbone. Hydrogels were synthesized through radical copolymerization of a mixture of acrylic acid and 2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate with ACAG in aqueous solution using ammonium persulfate as an initiator. Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was carried out to confirm the chemical structure of the hydrogel. Moreover, morphology of the samples was assessed by scanning electron microscopy. The equilibrium swelling capacities of synthesized hydrogels were evaluated in various conditions. The absorbency under load and dynamic swelling kinetics of the hydrogels were also studied. Finally, the hydrogels were loaded with potassium nitrate and their potential for controlled release of this salt was investigated by conductimetry. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011.
Polymer electrolyte membrane with nanomatrix channel prepared by sulfonation of natural rubber grafted with polystyrene
Authors: Suksawad Patjaree , Kosugi Kenichiro , Yamamoto Yoshimasa , Akabori Keiichi , Kuroda Hirofumi , Kawahara Seiichi 
Published: June 2011

AbstractHigh‐proton‐conductive polymer electrolyte with a nanomatrix channel was prepared by graft copolymerization of styrene onto deproteinized natural rubber followed by sulfonation with chlorosulfonic acid. First, natural rubber latex was purified with urea in the presence of surfactant to remove almost all proteins present in the rubber. Second, graft copolymerization of styrene onto deproteinized natural rubber was carried out with tert‐butyl hydroperoxide/tetraethylenepentamine as an initiator at 30°C in latex stage. The graft‐copolymerized natural rubber (DPNR‐graft‐PS) was sulfonated with chlorosulfonic acid in chloroform solution at an ambient temperature. The resulting sulfonated DPNR‐graft‐PS was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, solid state 13C CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and transmission electron microscopy. High proton conductivity of about 0.1 S/cm, less water uptake of 24 wt % and comparatively good stress at break of 9 MPa were accomplished at suitable contents of styrene units and sulfur, i.e., 32 wt % and 75 mol %, respectively. The high proton conductivity, excellent stability, and good mechanical properties were associated with not only the formation of the nanomatrix channel but also a specific concentration of sulfuric acid group. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011.
Effects of mixing technique and filler content on physical properties of bovine bone‐based CHA/PLA composites
Authors: Rakmae Suriyan , Ruksakulpiwat Yupaporn , Sutapun Wimonlak , Suppakarn Nitinat 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis study presented influence of mixing technique as well as filler content on physical and thermal properties of bovine bone‐based carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA)/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composites. CHA/PLA composites at various contents of CHA were prepared by either melt‐mixing or solution‐mixing techniques. Thermal properties, morphologies, and mechanical properties of the CHA/PLA composites including molecular weight deterioration of PLA matrices were investigated. Average molecular weights of PLA in the composites prepared by both techniques decreased with increasing CHA content, whereas their molecular weight distributions (MWDs) increased. Nonetheless, average molecular weights of PLA in melt‐mixed composites were lower than those of solution‐mixed composites. With increasing CHA content, elongation at break, tensile strength, and impact strength of the composites were decreased, whereas the tensile moduli of the composites were increased. In comparison between two mixing techniques, the melt‐mixing distributed and dispersed CHA into PLA matrix more effectively than the solution‐mixing did. Therefore, tensile moduli, tensile strength, and impact strength of the melt mixed composites were higher than those of the solution‐mixed composites of the corresponding CHA content. Moreover, decomposition temperatures and % crystallinity of the melt‐mixed composites were higher than those of the solution‐mixed composites. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011.
In Vivo Imaging of Near‐Membrane Calcium Ions with Two‐Photon Probes
Authors: Lim Chang Su , Kang Min Young , Han Ji Hee , Danish Isravel Antony , Cho Bong Rae 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe report a two‐photon (TP) probe (ACaLN) for near‐membrane Ca2+ that shows a 13‐fold TP excited fluorescence (TPEF) enhancement in response to Ca2+, dissociation constants (KdTP) of (1.9±0.2) μM, pH‐insensitivity at the biologically relevant pH, and can detect near‐membrane Ca2+ in live cells for more than 1500 s and in living tissues at 120 μm depth without interference from other metal ions. Comparison with existing probes provides a useful strategy for the design of efficient TP probes for the near‐membrane metal ions.
Cephalopod origin and evolution: A congruent picture emerging from fossils, development and molecules
Authors: Kröger Björn , Vinther Jakob , Fuchs Dirk 
Published: June 2011

AbstractCephalopods are extraordinary molluscs equipped with vertebrate‐like intelligence and a unique buoyancy system for locomotion. A growing body of evidence from the fossil record, embryology and Bayesian molecular divergence estimations provides a comprehensive picture of their origins and evolution. Cephalopods evolved during the Cambrian (∼530 Ma) from a monoplacophoran‐like mollusc in which the conical, external shell was modified into a chambered buoyancy apparatus. During the mid‐Palaeozoic (∼416 Ma) cephalopods diverged into nautiloids and the presently dominant coleoids. Coleoids (i.e. squids, cuttlefish and octopods) internalised their shells and, in the late Palaeozoic (∼276 Ma), diverged into Vampyropoda and the Decabrachia. This shell internalisation appears to be a unique evolutionary event. In contrast, the loss of a mineralised shell has occurred several times in distinct coleoid lineages. The general tendency of shell reduction reflects a trend towards active modes of life and much more complex behaviour.
Presidents page
Authors: Smith Linda C. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractEditor's SummaryASIS&T has reinforced its founding purpose by joining with other organizations to create a master schedule of worldwide conferences on information science, the International Calendar of Information Science Conferences. Since 1963 ASIS&T's own annual meeting has been a primary venue for sharing research in information science and technology. The 2011 meeting will focus on the use of information and communication to “bridge the gulf” between society, technology and work. In 2000 ASIS&T expanded its educational offerings with a focus on information architecture, initiating the popular IA Summit. The new RDAP Summit convened for the second year in 2011 to promote interoperability among institutional repositories. Through its Annual Meetings and Summits and by facilitating the international calendar of global conferences, ASIS&T continues to be a leader in promoting professional information exchange.
RDAP2: First impressions
Authors: Hourclé Joseph A. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractEditor's SummaryThe second Research Data Access and Preservation (RDAP) Summit, held in March 2011 in Denver, brought together a mix of attendees from the science, library and archival communities. The interaction revealed the need to join forces to better manage data generated by research projects. Scientists presented lessons they learned from creating data management strategies from scratch, using technologies and dealing with administrative politics, while librarians related methods and issues faced in managing digital data repositories, curating and preserving critical research data. Conversations were surprising and enlightening, as scientists were largely unaware of librarians' role in data management, and the groups discovered differences in their terminology and connotations. Attendees appreciated the opportunity for interaction and agreed on the need to collaborate on identifying others working on data access and preservation, finding existing solutions to repurpose and combining efforts with other organizations.
Counterpoint: RDAP2: Need for IA and LIS expertise a noticeable theme
Authors: Weaver Melissa 
Published: June 2011

AbstractEditor's SummaryA theme that ran through much of ASIS&T's second Research Data Access and Preservation (RDAP) Summit is the need to involve those oriented toward information management and architecture in research data management projects. Though the RDAP Summit's focus was narrow superficially, its concerns are common among organizations challenged by ineffective web content management. The concept of management applies broadly to data, infrastructure and entire information systems, highlighting the need for collaboration among those in library science, information architecture and content management. Topics of discussion ranged from the lifecycle and longevity of data to getting content contributors to tag their data, with recurring observations on the importance of involving those with specialized skills in information management early in research projects.
Opinion: Whose role is it anyway? : A library practitioner's appraisal of the digital data deluge
Authors: Ramírez Marisa L. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractEditor's SummaryAs the volume of digital data multiplies exponentially and the use of digital repositories to capture academic research expands, the demands on academic librarians are also increasing. Librarians are expected to serve as liaisons between data authors, managers, scientists and end users, while providing a full range of curation services. Little has been offered from the perspective of archival and records management, despite archivists' traditional role as keepers and stewards of scholars' data. Archival science focuses on appraising, selecting and describing data, managing data retention and attending to source, authenticity and preservation. Professional archivists have considerable expertise in handling volumes of research data, and archival methods can add efficiency to digital data management. Greater collaboration between academic library liaisons and archivists is urged, recognizing and integrating the skills of each profession to best advantage for the most effective approach to comprehensive data curation and management of digital repositories.