bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parasite infracommunities of a specialized marine fish species in a compound community dominated by generalist parasites
Authors: Lanfranchi A.L. , Rossin M.A. , Timi J.T. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe structure and composition of parasite communities of Mullus argentinae were analysed under two alternative hypotheses in a sample of 75 specimens caught off Mar del Plata, Argentina (38°27′S, 57°90′W). The first, based on the dominance of trophically transmitted larval parasites of low host-specificity among fish species in the region, predicts that infracommunities will be random subsets of regionally available species. The second, based on previous studies on other mullids, predicts that infracommunities will be dominated by adult digeneans. The parasite fauna of goatfishes was mainly composed of endoparasites, with metacercariae of Prosorhynchus australis accounting for most individual parasites and greatly affecting infracommunity descriptors. Its importance was reinforced by the low number of trophically transmitted larval parasites. Both hypotheses were refuted; parasite communities were not dominated either by trophically transmitted larval parasites of low host-specificity or by adult digeneans. Prosorhynchus australis was the only species displaying any degree of phylogenetic specificity. Therefore, the influence of phylogenetic factors seems to exceed that of ecological ones in determining the observed structure of infracommunities. However, it is precisely host ecology that allows P. australis to become the determinant of infracommunity structure by constraining the acquisition of other parasites. Studies aiming to determine the relative importance of evolutionary and ecological processes as structuring forces of parasite communities should take into account not only the identity and specificity of their component parasites, but also their availability in the compound community.
Patterns of laryngopharyngeal and gastroesophageal reflux
Authors: Sato K , Umeno H , Chitose S , Nakashima T 
Published: May 2009

AbstractObjectives:Double-probe, 24-hour pH monitoring remains the ‘gold standard’ for the diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux disease, even though there is no consensus on how to interpret the data collected.Methods:Tetra-probe, 24-hour pH monitoring was performed in 56 patients with suspected laryngopharyngeal reflux, in order to investigate patterns of laryngopharyngeal and gastroesophageal reflux.Results:The number of reflux episodes and the total and percentage time periods spent with pH < 4.0 were correlated with the distance of the probe from the lower oesophageal sphincter. The number of reflux episodes and the total and percentage time periods with pH < 4.0 were greater when patients were upright (i.e. during the daytime). There were few laryngopharyngeal reflux events recorded for pH levels of <4.0; however, there were a significant number of laryngopharyngeal reflux events recorded for pH levels of <5.0, a level capable of causing laryngopharyngeal reflux disease. When a pH level of <5.0 was used, the number, total time and percentage time of laryngopharyngeal reflux episodes was greater during the supine period (i.e. during sleeping) in a quarter of the cases, compared with results when a pH of <4.0 was used.Conclusions:It is valid to use a pH level of 5.0 as indicative of laryngopharyngeal reflux in the hypopharynx.
Surgical treatment of labyrinthine fistula in patients with cholesteatoma
Authors: Ueda Y , Kurita T , Matsuda Y , Ito S , Nakashima T 
Published: May 2009

AbstractLabyrinthine fistula is one of the most common complications of chronic otitis media associated with cholesteatoma. The optimal management of labyrinthine fistula, however, remains controversial. Between 1995 and 2005, labyrinthine fistulae were detected in 31 (6 per cent) patients in our institution. The canal wall down technique was used in 27 (87 per cent) patients. The cholesteatoma matrix was completely removed in the first stage in all patients. Bone dust and/or temporalis fascia was inserted to seal the fistula in 29 (94 per cent) patients. A post-operative hearing test was undertaken in 27 patients; seven (26 per cent) patients showed improved hearing, 17 (63 per cent) showed no change and three (11 per cent) showed a deterioration. The study findings indicate that there are various treatment strategies available for cholesteatoma, and that the treatment choice should be based on such criteria as auditory and vestibular function, the surgeon's ability and experience, and the location and size of the fistula.
Superselective, intra-arterial, rapid infusion chemotherapy for external auditory canal carcinoma
Authors: Ueda Y , Kurita T , Matsuda Y , Ito S , Nakashima T 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPreviously, the treatment of carcinoma of the external auditory canal has mainly involved surgical resection. In order to enable organ preservation and to obtain cancer-free surgical margins, we introduced the use of superselective, intra-arterial, rapid infusion chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy to treat this condition.We reviewed our patients' tumour stages, feeding arteries and clinical outcomes. Tumours were staged according to the Pittsburgh staging system. Chemotherapy was administered intra-arterially in the angiography suite via transfemoral catheterisation of the feeding arteries. Four patients underwent superselective, intra-arterial, rapid infusion chemo-radiotherapy. A complete response was obtained in all four patients. The overall toxic side effects were modest.Superselective, intra-arterial, rapid infusion chemotherapy can be an effective, organ-preserving treatment for external auditory canal carcinoma, with a high cure rate.
Effect of tympanic membrane perforation on middle-ear sound transmission
Authors: Matsuda Y , Kurita T , Ueda Y , Ito S , Nakashima T 
Published: May 2009

AbstractTympanic membrane perforation causes a sound conduction disturbance, and the size of this conduction disturbance is proportional to the perforation area. However, precise evaluation of perforation size is difficult, and there are few detailed reports addressing this issue. Furthermore, such evaluation becomes more difficult for irregularly shaped perforations. This study conducted a quantitative evaluation of tympanic membrane perforations, using image analysis equipment.A significant correlation was found between the degree of sound conduction disturbance and the perforation area; this correlation was greater at low frequencies following a traumatic perforation. The conductive disturbance associated with chronic otitis media was significantly greater at low frequencies. Circular perforations caused only minor conduction disturbance. Perforations in the anteroinferior quadrant were associated with greater conduction disturbance. Traumatic spindle-shaped perforations and malleolar perforations were associated with greater conduction disturbance.
Papilloedema secondary to venous sinus thrombosis following glomus jugulare tumour surgery
Authors: Izadi S , Karkos P D , Krishnan R , Hsuan J , Lesser T H J 
Published: May 2009

AbstractObjective:We present a case of a patient who had undergone embolisation and resection of a left glomus jugulare tumour, who presented three weeks post-operatively with magnetic resonance venography confirmed symptomatic cerebral venous sinus thrombosis.Method:We present a case report and a review of the world literature concerning glomus jugulare tumours and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis.Case report:A 42-year-old man presented with blurred vision and reduced Snellen visual acuity just three weeks after glomus jugulare tumour surgery. Fundoscopy revealed bilateral haemorrhagic optic disc oedema. Urgent magnetic resonance venography confirmed a left lateral venous sinus thrombosis. It was felt that this was responsible for inadequate cerebrospinal fluid drainage, resulting in raised intracranial pressure and papilloedema.Conclusion:To the authors' knowledge, this is the first account of a magnetic resonance venography confirmed venous sinus thrombosis and secondary papilloedema following glomus jugulare tumour surgery. Patients undergoing surgery involving resection or manipulation of the internal jugular vein may be at higher risk of developing thrombosis superior to the level of resection, and magnetic resonance venography ought to be considered an important diagnostic adjunct.
The inhaled pin inaccessible to the bronchoscope: a management conundrum
Authors: Harischandra D V T , Swanevelder J , Firmin R K 
Published: May 2009

AbstractObjective:The inhaled sharp foreign body is usually amenable to bronchoscopic extraction. When this fails, management poses a challenge. We present a logical approach to the inhaled pin inaccessible to the bronchoscope.Case report:A 12-year-old girl presented to the accident and emergency unit after accidentally inhaling a pin. Multiple attempts with both rigid and flexible bronchoscopy failed to access the pin, which had lodged distally in the anteromedial basal segment of the left lung. Eventually, the pin was extracted at thoracotomy.Conclusion:We discuss the reasons for extracting such pins, as opposed to leaving them in situ, and when to proceed from endoscopy to open surgery. Such knowledge is useful, not only to guide the multidisciplinary team in their combined approach to this unique challenge, but also to explain to the patient the rationale for the proposed treatment protocol.
Residual symptoms after remission of major depressive disorder with citalopram and risk of relapse: a STAR*D report
Authors: Nierenberg A. A. , Husain M. M. , Trivedi M. H. , Fava M. , Warden D. , Wisniewski S. R. , Miyahara S. , Rush A. J. 
Published: May 2009

BackgroundMany patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) who experience full symptomatic remission after antidepressant treatment still have residual depressive symptoms. We describe the types and frequency of residual depressive symptoms and their relationship to subsequent depressive relapse after treatment with citalopram in the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) trial.MethodParticipants in primary (n=18) and psychiatric (n=23) practice settings were openly treated with citalopram using measurement-based care for up to 14 weeks and follow-up for up to 1 year. We assessed 943 (32.8% of 2876) participants who met criteria for remission to determine the proportions with individual residual symptoms and any of the nine DSM-IV criterion symptom domains to define a major depressive episode. At each visit, the 16-item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology, Self-Report (QIDS-SR16) and the self-report Frequency, Intensity, and Burden of Side Effects Rating (FIBSER) scale were used to assessed depressive symptoms and side-effects respectively.ResultsMore than 90% of remitters had at least one residual depressive symptom (median=3). The most common were weight increase (71.3%) and mid-nocturnal insomnia (54.9%). The most common residual symptom domains were sleep disturbance (71.7%) and appetite/weight disturbance (35.9%). Those who remitted before 6 weeks had fewer residual symptoms at study exit than did later remitters. Residual sleep disturbance did not predict relapse during follow-up. Having a greater number of residual symptom domains was associated with a higher probability of relapse.ConclusionsPatients with remission of MDD after treatment with citalopram continue to experience selected residual depressive symptoms, which increase the risk of relapse.
Robust visual odometry for vehicle localization in urban environments
Authors: Parra I. , Sotelo M. A. , Llorca D. F. , Ocaña M. 
Published: May 2009

SUMMARYThis paper describes a new approach for estimating the vehicle motion trajectory in complex urban environments by means of visual odometry. A new strategy for robust feature extraction and data post-processing is developed and tested on-road. Images from scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) features are used in order to cope with the complexity of urban environments. The obtained results are discussed and compared to previous works. In the prototype system, the ego-motion of the vehicle is computed using a stereo-vision system mounted next to the rear view mirror of the car. Feature points are matched between pairs of frames and linked into 3D trajectories. The distance between estimations is dynamically adapted based on re-projection and estimation errors. Vehicle motion is estimated using the non-linear, photogrametric approach based on RAndom SAmple Consensus (RANSAC). The final goal is to provide on-board driver assistance in navigation tasks, or to provide a means of autonomously navigating a vehicle. The method has been tested in real traffic conditions without using prior knowledge about the scene or the vehicle motion. An example of how to estimate a vehicle's trajectory is provided along with suggestions for possible further improvement of the proposed odometry algorithm.
A cost-effective robotic solution for the cleaning of ships' hulls
Authors: Iborra A. , Pastor J. A. , Alonso D. , Alvarez B. , Ortiz F. J. , Navarro P. J. , Fernández C. , Suardiaz J. 
Published: May 2009

SUMMARYHull cleaning before repainting is a key operation in the maintenance of ships. For more than a decade, a means to improve this operation has been sought through robotization and the use of different techniques such as grit blasting and ultra high pressure water jetting. Despite this, it continues to be standard practice in shipyards that this process is carried out manually. This paper presents a family of robots that aims to offer important improvements to the process as well as satisfying, to a great extent, all the operative requirements of efficiency, security, and respect for the environment that shipyards nowadays demand. It is described the family of devices with emphasis on the mechanical design. This set consists of two vertical robotic towers and a robot climber. In addition, it is shown the control architecture of the global system. Finally, operative results are presented together with a comparison between the performance achieved in shipyards through the use of these robots and those obtained with a manual process.
A large dataset for the evaluation of ontology matching
Authors: Giunchiglia Fausto , Yatskevich Mikalai , Avesani Paolo , Shivaiko Pavel 
Published: May 2009

AbstractRecently, the number of ontology matching techniques and systems has increased significantly. This makes the issue of their evaluation and comparison more severe. One of the challenges of the ontology matching evaluation is in building large-scale evaluation datasets. In fact, the number of possible correspondences between two ontologies grows quadratically with respect to the numbers of entities in these ontologies. This often makes the manual construction of the evaluation datasets demanding to the point of being infeasible for large-scale matching tasks. In this paper, we present an ontology matching evaluation dataset composed of thousands of matching tasks, called TaxME2. It was built semi-automatically out of the Google, Yahoo, and Looksmart web directories. We evaluated TaxME2 by exploiting the results of almost two-dozen of state-of-the-art ontology matching systems. The experiments indicate that the dataset possesses the desired key properties, namely it iserror-free,incremental,discriminative,monotonic, andhardfor the state-of-the-art ontology matching systems.
The abelianization of a symmetric mapping class group
Authors: SATO MASATOSHI 
Published: May 2009

AbstractLet Σg,r be a compact oriented surface of genus g with r boundary components. We determine the abelianization of the symmetric mapping class group (g,r)(p2) of a double unbranched cover p2: Σ2g − 1,2r → Σg,r using the Riemann constant, Schottky theta constant, and the theta multiplier. We also give lower bounds on the order of the abelianizations of the level d mapping class group.
Mn Valency at La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/SrTiO3 (0 0 1) Thin Film Interfaces
Authors: Riedl Thomas , Gemming Thomas , Dörr Kathrin , Luysberg Martina , Wetzig Klaus 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis article presents a (scanning) transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study of Mn valency and its structural origin at La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/SrTiO3(0 0 1) thin film interfaces. Mn valency deviations can lead to a breakdown of ferromagnetic order and thus lower the tunneling magnetoresistance of tunnel junctions. Here, at the interface, a Mn valency reduction of 0.16 ± 0.10 compared to the film interior and an additional feature at the low energy-loss flank of the Mn-L3 line have been observed. The latter may be attributed to an elongation of the (0 0 1) plane spacing at the interface detected by geometrical phase analysis of high-resolution images. Regarding the interface geometry, high-resolution high-angle annular dark-field scanning TEM images reveal an atomically sharp interface in some regions whereas the transition appears broadened in others. This can be explained by the presence of steps. The performed measurements indicate that, among the various structure-related influences on the valency, the atomic layer termination and the local oxygen content are most important.
Quantitative Cathodoluminescence Mapping with Application to a Kalgoorlie Scheelite
Authors: MacRae Colin M. , Wilson Nicholas C. , Brugger Joel 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA method for the analysis of cathodoluminescence spectra is described that enables quantitative trace-element-level distributions to be mapped within minerals and materials. Cathodoluminescence intensities for a number of rare earth elements are determined by Gaussian peak fitting, and these intensities show positive correlation with independently measured concentrations down to parts per million levels. The ability to quantify cathodoluminescence spectra provides a powerful tool to determine both trace element abundances and charge state, while major elemental levels can be determined using more traditional X-ray spectrometry. To illustrate the approach, a scheelite from Kalgoorlie, Western Australia, is hyperspectrally mapped and the cathodoluminescence is calibrated against microanalyses collected using a laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. Trace element maps show micron scale zoning for the rare earth elements Sm3+, Dy3+, Er3+, and Eu3+/Eu2+. The distribution of Eu2+/Eu3+ suggests that both valences of Eu have been preserved in the scheelite since its crystallization 1.63 billion years ago.
A Comparison of Macroscopic and Microscopic Hair Color Measurements and a Quantification of the Relationship between Hair Color and Thickness
Authors: Vaughn Michelle R. , Brooks Elizabeth , van Oorschot Roland A.H. , Baindur-Hudson Swati 
Published: May 2009

AbstractMicroscopic images of hair from 36 individuals were evaluated for color (using the CIE L*a*b* color space), hair thickness, and the pattern of pigmentation. These measurements were compared to each other and to reflective spectrophotometric measurements of macroscopic hair color. Three areas on three strands of hair were examined for each individual. Despite a large ΔE* value, there is a strong relationship between macroscopic and microscopic L* values that would be useful if one was trying to predict the color of a head of hair (macroscopic) from a strand (microscopic). A relationship between hair lightness (L*) and thickness is also found at both the macroscopic and microscopic levels. The information acquired in this study may be useful to those conducting a microscopic examination of hair, especially in forensic science, as well as those researchers investigating macroscopic hair color and hair morphology for the purposes of forensic science, anthropology, and medical science. Further investigation into objectively measuring and quantifying the microscopic color and properties of hair will assist in increasing its validity as evidence in forensic casework.
The Effect of Oxide Overlayers on Secondary Electron Dopant Mapping
Authors: Dapor Maurizio , Jepson Mark A.E. , Inkson Beverley J. , Rodenburg Cornelia 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors ranks dopant profiling as one of the most difficult challenges for analysis of semiconductors. Dopant mapping in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) has the potential to provide a solution. This technique has not yet found widespread application, however, mainly due to the lack of a comprehensive theoretical model, uncertain quantification, and its inability to differentiate doping levels in n-type silicon. Although a Monte Carlo model was recently published that closely matched experimental data obtained in p-doped silicon to data obtained from the theoretical model, a large discrepancy between experimental data obtained for n-type silicon was found. Here we present a Monte Carlo model that provides close matches between experimental and calculated data in both n- and p-type silicon, paving the way for a widespread application of SEM dopant contrast.
Assessment of Cognitive-Communicative Disorders of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Sustained in Combat
Authors: Parrish Christine , Roth Carole , Roberts Brooke , Davie Gail 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Background: Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is recognized as the signature injury of the current conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan, yet there remains limited understanding of the persisting cognitive deficits of mTBI sustained in combat. Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) have traditionally been responsible for evaluating and treating the cognitive-communication disorders following severe brain injuries. The evaluation instruments historically used are insensitive to the subtle deficits found in individuals with mTBI.
Objectives: Based on the limited literature and clinical evidence describing traditional and current tests for measuring cognitive-communication deficits (CCD) of TBI, the strengths and weaknesses of the instruments are discussed relative to their use with mTBI. It is necessary to understand the nature and severity of CCD associated with mTBI for treatment planning and goal setting. Yet, the complexity of mTBI sustained in combat, which often co-occurs with PTSD and other psychological health and physiological issues, creates a clinical challenge for speech-language pathologists worldwide. The purpose of the paper is to explore methods for substantiating the nature and severity of CCD described by service members returning from combat.
Methods: To better understand the nature of the functional cognitive-communication deficits described by service members returning from combat, a patient questionnaire and a test protocol were designed and administered to over 200 patients. Preliminary impressions are described addressing the nature of the deficits and the challenges faced in differentiating the etiologies of the CCD.
Conclusions: Speech-language pathologists are challenged with evaluating, diagnosing, and treating the cognitive-communication deficits of mTBI resulting from combat-related injuries. Assessments that are sensitive to the functional deficits of mTBI are recommended. An interdisciplinary rehabilitation model is essential for differentially diagnosing the consequences of mTBI, PTSD, and other psychological and physical health concerns.