bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural Workshop Paper—Data Selection and Procurement
Authors: Mela Carl F. 
Published: June 2011

In this note I overview the data selection and procurement process in the context of structural models. Data selection for structural models presents unique challenges because data and structure often substitute and because it is imperative to consider what information identifies causal effects of interest. I further discuss three types of field data on which to build empirical models: (i) data that are proprietary to firms, (ii) data that can come from the public domain, or (iii) data that can be purchased from private research firms, and I discuss the benefits and limits of each. I then detail a process for obtaining proprietary data and the potential pitfalls inherent in the process.
Novel inactivating mutations in the GH secretagogue receptor gene in patients with constitutional delay of growth and puberty
Authors: Pugliese-Pires Patricia N , Fortin Jean-Philippe , Arthur Thais , Latronico Ana Claudia , Mendonca Berenice B , Villares Sandra Mara F , Arnhold Ivo J P , Kopin Alan S , Jorge Alexander A L 
Published: June 2011

BackgroundA limited number of mutations in the GH secretagogue receptor gene (GHSR) have been described in patients with short stature.ObjectiveTo analyze GHSR in idiopathic short stature (ISS) children including a subgroup of constitutional delay of growth and puberty (CDGP) patients.Subjects and methodsThe GHSR coding region was directly sequenced in 96 independent patients with ISS, 31 of them with CDGP, in 150 adults, and in 197 children with normal stature. The pharmacological consequences of GHSR non-synonymous variations were established using in vitro cell-based assays.ResultsFive different heterozygous point variations in GHSR were identified (c.−6 G>C, c.251G>T (p.Ser84Ile), c.505G>A (p.Ala169Thr), c.545 T>C (p.Val182Ala), and c.1072G>A (p.Ala358Thr)), all in patients with CDGP. Neither these allelic variants nor any other mutations were found in 694 alleles from controls. Functional studies revealed that two of these variations (p.Ser84Ile and p.Val182Ala) result in a decrease in basal activity that was in part explained by a reduction in cell surface expression. The p.Ser84Ile mutation was also associated with a defect in ghrelin potency. These mutations were identified in two female patients with CDGP (at the age of 13 years, their height SDS were −2.4 and −2.3). Both patients had normal progression of puberty and reached normal adult height (height SDS of −0.7 and −1.4) without treatment.ConclusionThis is the first report of GHSR mutations in patients with CDGP. Our data raise the intriguing possibility that abnormalities in ghrelin receptor function may influence the phenotype of individuals with CDGP.
Children With Asthma Hospitalized With Seasonal or Pandemic Influenza, 2003–2009
Authors: Dawood Fatimah S. , Kamimoto Laurie , D'Mello Tiffany A. , Reingold Arthur , Gershman Ken , Meek James , Arnold Kathryn E. , Farley Monica , Ryan Patricia , Lynfield Ruth , Morin Craig , Baumbach Joan , Zansky Shelley , Bennett Nancy , Thomas Ann , Schaffner William , Kirschke David , Finelli Lyn ,   the Emerging Infections Program Network
Published: June 2011

OBJECTIVE:
To describe the characteristics and clinical courses of asthmatic children hospitalized with seasonal or 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza and compare complications by influenza type.

METHODS:
During the 2003–2009 influenza seasons and the 2009 pandemic, we conducted surveillance of 5.3 million children aged 17 years or younger for hospitalization with laboratory-confirmed influenza and identified those with asthma (defined as those aged 2–17 years with a history of asthma in their medical record or a discharge code for acute asthma exacerbation or status asthmaticus). We collected data from medical records on medical history and clinical course; data on asthma severity and control were not routinely collected.

RESULTS:
During the 2003–2009 influenza seasons, 701 (32%) of 2165 children hospitalized with influenza had asthma; during the 2009 pandemic, 733 (44%) of 1660 children had asthma. The median age of the asthmatic children was 7 years, and 73% had no additional medical conditions. Compared with asthmatic children with seasonal influenza, a higher proportion with 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza required intensive care (16% vs 22%; P = .01) and were diagnosed with pneumonia (40% vs 46%; P = .04), whereas equal proportions had respiratory failure (5% vs 5%; P = .8) and died (1% vs 1%; P = .4). More asthmatic children with influenza A (seasonal or pandemic) had diagnoses of asthma exacerbations compared with those with influenza B (51% vs 29%; P &lt; .01).

CONCLUSIONS:
The majority of asthmatic children hospitalized with influenza have no additional medical conditions. Complications such as pneumonia and need for intensive care occur in a substantial proportion, highlighting the importance of influenza prevention through vaccination among asthmatic children.
Staphylococcus aureus Colonization and Infection Among Drug Users: Identification of Hidden Networks
Authors: Gwizdala Robert A. , Miller Maureen , Bhat Meera , Vavagiakis Peter , Henry Christopher , Neaigus Alan , Shi Qiuhu , Lowy Franklin D. 
Published: June 2011

Objectives. We combined social-network analysis and molecular epidemiology to investigate Staphylococcus aureus among drug users. Methods. From 2003 through 2005, we recruited adult drug users in Brooklyn, New York. Of 501 individuals recruited, 485 participated. Participants were screened for HIV infection and S. aureus carriage, and they answered a questionnaire assessing risk factors for S. aureus. Participants were asked to nominate up to 10 members of their social networks, and they were invited to recruit nominees to participate. Results. We identified 89 sociocentric risk networks, 1 of which contained 327 (67%) members. One third of participants were either colonized (20%) or infected (19%) with S. aureus. Overall strain similarity was unusually high, suggesting spread within and across networks. In multivariate analysis, 7 health-related and drug-use variables remained independently associated with infection. Moreover, 27% of nominees were not drug users. Conclusions. We found a large, linked, hidden network among participants, with no discernible clustering of closely related strains. Our results suggest that once a pathogen is introduced into a sociocentric network of active drug users, an identifiable community S. aureus reservoir is likely created, with significant linkages to the general population.
Improved Lost Circulation Treatment Design and Testing Techniques Minimize Formation Damage
Authors: Savari Sharath , Kumar Arunesh , Whitfill Donald L. , Jamison Dale E. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Most subterranean rocks contain natural fractures. Fluid loss severity in reservoir sections increases with increasing width of the fractures. Apart from the economics of lost drilling fluids, preventing formation damage in the reservoir section is of paramount importance. The application of non-damaging lost circulation material (LCM) has been the traditional solution to control losses in these scenarios. The performance of such LCM mixtures is usually determined with a Particle Plugging Apparatus (PPA), using aloxide discs for evaluating fluid loss. These discs more closely emulate a permeable sandstone, with varying pore throat sizes, than a natural fracture. The formation of an impermeable plug which can sustain higher wellbore pressure is desirable when treating a fracture, but in a producing formation the plug is removed by the produced fluid or by a remedial treatment.
To better emulate both natural and induced fracture geometry, slotted discs of constant width were introduced; however these slots represent only the face of the fracture where LCM forms the bridge. The bridge may become eroded due to shear stress of the drilling fluid, leading to reestablishment of lost circulation. To remove these limitations, a new tapered slot was designed in which the fracture opening size varies from its face to its endpoint over a certain length, more closely resembling a fracture.
Different combinations of ground marble (acid-soluble) were tested using the tapered slot. Many times it was observed that although the slot was completely filled with LCM, there was continued fluid loss. Considering this, components of high fluid loss pills for such application need to be redesigned. Cellulosic and polylactide (PLA) fibres (5-15% V/V of LCM) were used in combination with particulates resulting in significant improvement in fluid loss control. Other mechanical properties of particulate material were also studied and their importance in controlling lost circulation control established. This paper reviews the application of this testing equipment and methodology with non-damaging fibers for lost circulation control to minimize formation damage in reservoir sections.
Taking Advantage of Fines-Migration-Induced Formation Damage for Improved Waterflooding (Reservoir Simulation using Polymer Flood Option)
Authors: Zeinijahromi Abbas , Phuong Thi Nguyen , Bedrikovetsky Pavel 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Permeability decline during corefloods with varying water composition, especially with low salinity water, has been widely reported in the literature. It has often been explained by the lifting, migration and subsequent plugging of pores by fine particles, which has been observed in numerous core flood tests with altered water composition. This effect can be considered to provide a relatively simple method for mobility control during waterflooding.
In this work, basic equations for waterflooding with salinity variation causing detachment of fine particles, their migration and straining are derived. It is shown that in the large scale approximation the model is equivalent to the adsorption-free polymer flood model, which allows taking advantage of polymer flood simulator for modelling of the waterflood with fines. The modelling showed that permeability decline in the water swept zone, caused by the alteration of the injected water composition and induced fines migration, may be able to improve waterflood performance by delaying water breakthrough and reducing the water cut.
Analytical investigation of various regimes of retrograde trafficking of neurotropic viruses in axons
Authors: Kuznetsov Andrey 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
A model of retrograde axonal transport of neurotropic viruses is developed. The model accounts for active viral transport by dynein motors as well as for passive transport by diffusion; the destruction of the virus as it propagates toward the neuron soma is modeled utilizing a first-order decay rate process. The effect of a limited time during which the axonal synapse is exposed to the virus is incorporated. An analytical solution is obtained. The obtained solution makes it possible to identify four different regimes of viral transport in the axon that correspond to the following situations: (1) Small viral diffusivity and small rate of viral destruction; (2) Large viral diffusivity and small rate of viral destruction; (3) Small viral diffusivity and large rate of viral destruction; (4) Large viral diffusivity and large rate of viral destruction. Characteristic features of these regimes are discussed.
Effect of Long-Term N, P, and K Fertilizer Application on the Grain Yield of Spring Barley Grown in Different Soil and Climate Conditions: Results from Čáslav, Lukavec and Ivanovice 2005-2008
Authors: Šrek Petr , Kunzová Eva 
Published: June 2011

Effect of Long-Term N, P, and K Fertilizer Application on the Grain Yield of Spring Barley Grown in Different Soil and Climate Conditions: Results from Čáslav, Lukavec and Ivanovice 2005-2008The effect of N, P and K application on the grain yield of spring barley in 2005-2008 within three long-term field experiments (Čáslav, Ivanovice, Lukavec) was evaluated. In these experiments, nitrogen at rates of 50, 77.6, 105 and 132.5 kg N ha-1, phosphorus at rates of 14 and 29.4 kg P ha-1and potassium at 59 and 96.4 kg K ha-1was annually applied to the treat-ments during that period. Four years summarizing shows that the optimal application rate of fertilizers resulting in a grain yield above 6 t ha-1was 105 kg N ha-1, 14 kg P ha-1and 96.4 kg K ha-1in Čáslav and above 7 t ha-1was 78 kg N ha-1, 14 kg P ha-1and 59 kg K ha-1in Ivanovice. The rate of N 132.5 kg ha-1in Lukavec increased the grain yield more than three-fold (from 1.94 to 6.12 t ha-1) and probably was not sufficient to obtain the highest grain yield in this locality. No significant difference was recorded between grain yields in P and K fertilizing treatments in any of the three stations. The key result is that degraded chernozem (in Ivanovice) and greyic phaeozem (in Čáslav) demonstrate a high and long-term stable natural fertility, but yields of spring barley of low productive sandy-loamy Cambisol is strongly affected by high rates of nitrogen application.
Ultrasound Imaging and Muscle Function
Authors: Whittaker Jackie L. , Stokes Maria 
Published: June 2011

Synopsis There is a growing trend in the physical therapy profession to use conventional grayscale brightness (B-mode) ultrasound imaging (USI) as a tool to assess the morphological (form and structure) and morphometric (measures of form) characteristics of muscle, and to use these findings to draw conclusions regarding muscle function. This trend is reflected in numerous published investigations. As many physical therapists may lack training in the principles and instrumentation underlying USI use, it is critical that therapists gain a clear understanding of the information that USI can, and cannot, provide about muscle function before employing the technique for either research or clinical applications. Failure to do so may result in the propagation of inaccurate terminology and beliefs. This paper aims to clarify the role that USI has in the assessment of muscle function, first, by briefly reviewing how conventional grayscale B-mode ultrasound images and clips are generated, and second, by summarizing the types of information that these images can provide. It also discusses the various factors that need to be considered when interpreting a dynamic USI assessment of muscle specifically as it relates to the assessment of muscle function. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011;41(8):572–580, Epub 7 June 2011. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.3682
Form, Zweck und Herkunft der verschiedenen Teile der Esangil-Tafel
Authors: Keetman Jan 
Published: June 2011

Résumé La « tablette de l’Esangil » comporte deux parties différentes. La première, qui a trait à l’Esangil, et probablement aussi les premières sections relatives à l’Etemananki, pourraient avoir été composées à l’aide d’exercices mathématiques, mais n’étaient pas destinées à être utilisées comme un texte mathématique. La première partie ne donne aucune information qui puisse être utilisée pour la reconstitution du bâtiment qu’elle prétend décrire. La seconde partie doit avoir une autre source, car elle comprend des informations qui peuvent être utilisées pour la reconstitution du bâtiment, mais ne porte pas de traces d’exercices mathématiques. On peut seulement l’évaluer en la comparant avec les vestiges archéologiques. Anu-bēlšunu, le jeune scribe qui a écrit la tablette, n’était pas très intéressé par les mathématiques ou l’architecture, mais le propriétaire de la tablette pourrait avoir été impliqué dans des activités de construction à Uruk.
A Role for p120 RasGAP in Thymocyte Positive Selection and Survival of Naive T Cells
Authors: Lapinski Philip E. , Qiao Yu , Chang Cheong-Hee , King Philip D. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Activation of the Ras small GTP-binding protein is necessary for normal T cell development and function. However, it is unknown which Ras GTPase-activating proteins (RasGAPs) inactivate Ras in T cells. We used a T cell-specific RASA1-deficient mouse model to investigate the role of the p120 RasGAP (RASA1) in T cells. Death of CD4+CD8+ double-positive thymocytes was increased in RASA1-deficient mice. Despite this finding, on an MHC class II-restricted TCR transgenic background, evidence was obtained for increased positive selection of thymocytes associated with augmented activation of the Ras–MAPK pathway. In the periphery, RASA1 was found to be dispensable as a regulator of Ras–MAPK activation and T cell functional responses induced by full agonist peptides. However, numbers of naive T cells were substantially reduced in RASA1-deficient mice. Loss of naive T cells in the absence of RASA1 could be attributed in part to impaired responsiveness to the IL-7 prosurvival cytokine. These findings reveal an important role for RASA1 as a regulator of double-positive survival and positive selection in the thymus as well as naive T cell survival in the periphery.
Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide 5A1 (OATP5A1) in Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) Cells: Possible Involvement in Chemoresistance to Satraplatin
Authors: Olszewski-Hamilton U. , Svoboda M. , Thalhammer T. , Buxhofer-Ausch V. , Geissler K. , Hamilton G. 
Published: June 2011

Background The role of organic anion transporting polypeptide 5A1 (OATP5A1) a member of a family of drug transporters that mediate cellular uptake of drugs has not been characterized so far. Methods Gene expression levels of OATP5A1 in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell lines were determined by real-time qPCR and chemosensitivity of HEK-293- SLCO5A1-transfected cells to satraplatin in MTT assays. Results Significant expression of this transporter was found at the mRNA level, primarily in drug-resistant SCLC cells, and SLCO5A1-transfected HEK-293 cells showed higher resistance to satraplatin. OATP5A1 is found preferentially in cytoplasmic membranes of tumor cells, including SCLC. Conclusions OATP5A1 seems to effect intracellular transport of drugs and may participate in chemoresistance of SCLC by sequestration, rather than mediating cellular uptake. Since satraplatin failed to improve survival in SCLC patients, the relation of OATP5A1 expression to clinical drug resistance and its use as marker of chemoresistance should be further investigated.
Accuracy of the Adaptive GRP Scheme and the Simulation of 2-D Riemann Problems for Compressible Euler Equations
Authors: Han Ee , Li Jiequan , Tang Huazhong 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe adaptive generalized Riemann problem (GRP) scheme for 2-D compressible fluid flows has been proposed in [J. Comput. Phys., 229 (2010), 1448-1466] and it displays the capability in overcoming difficulties such as the start-up error for a single shock, and the numerical instability of the almost stationary shock. In this paper, we will provide the accuracy study and particularly show the performance in simulating 2-D complex wave configurations formulated with the 2-D Riemann problems for compressible Euler equations. For this purpose, we will first review the GRP scheme briefly when combined with the adaptive moving mesh technique and consider the accuracy of the adaptive GRP scheme via the comparison with the explicit formulae of analytic solutions of planar rarefaction waves, planar shock waves, the collapse problem of a wedge-shaped dam and the spiral formation problem. Then we simulate the full set of wave configurations in the 2-D four-wave Riemann problems for compressible Euler equations [SIAM J. Math. Anal., 21 (1990), 593-630], including the interactions of strong shocks (shock reflections), vortex-vortex and shock-vortex etc. This study combines the theoretical results with the numerical simulations, and thus demonstrates what Ami Harten observed “for computational scientists there are two kinds of truth: the truth that you prove, and the truth you see when you compute” [J. Sci. Comput., 31 (2007), 185-193].
Analysis of High-Order Absorbing Boundary Conditions for the Schrödinger Equation
Authors: Zhang Jiwei , Sun Zhizhong , Wu Xiaonan , Wang Desheng 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe paper is concerned with the numerical solution of Schrödinger equations on an unbounded spatial domain. High-order absorbing boundary conditions for one-dimensional domain are derived, and the stability of the reduced initial boundary value problem in the computational interval is proved by energy estimate. Then a second order finite difference scheme is proposed, and the convergence of the scheme is established as well. Finally, numerical examples are reported to confirm our error estimates of the numerical methods.
Effect of Partial Pressure of Hydrogen on IGSCC of Alloy 600 in PWR Primary Water
Authors: Rebak R. B. , Szklarska-Smialowska Z. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
The frequently reported effect of the partial pressure of hydrogen on the alloy 600 susceptibility to intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) in high-temperature water is explained in this paper. On the basis of thermodynamic calculations, it was demonstrated that the susceptibility of alloy 600 to IGSCC is connected with the stability of NiO in this environment. The lower the free energy of formation of NiO, the higher the susceptibility of alloy 600 to IGSCC.
Effect of Water Vapor/Hydrogen Environments on Niobium, B-66 Niobium Alloy, Tantalum, and Ta-10W Alloy
Authors: Walter R. J. , Bentle G. G. , Chandler W. T. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
The results of an experimental investigation of the effect of water vapor/hydrogen environments on the mechanical properties of niobium, B-66 niobium alloy, tantalum, and Ta-10W alloy are presented. Tensile tests were conducted on specimens of these materials in water vapor/hydrogen environments with water vapor/hydrogen mixture ratios of 1 and 3. The water vapor/hydrogen environment caused strength reductions on tantalum and Ta—WW and ductility reductions on all four materials. The degree and causes of embrittlement were a complex function of temperature.
Effect of Temperature and Dissolved Oxygen on the Corrosion Behavior of Carbon Steel in High-Temperature Water
Authors: Mabuchi K. , Horn Y. , Takahashi H. , Nagayama M. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
The corrosion behavior of carbon steel in high-temperature water, and the structure and composition of the oxide film were examined as functions of dissolved oxygen concentration (DO), temperature (T), and corrosion time (t). The total amount of iron corroded (WT) was differentiated into the amounts of iron ions in the oxide (WF) and dissolved into the water (WD). The total rate of corrosion (rT), the rate of iron dissolution (rD), and the rate of accumulation of iron in the oxide (rF) were obtained by differentiating the time variations in WT, WF, and WD.
The structure and composition of the oxide film were examined by x-ray diffraction (XRD), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and transmission and scanning electron microscopy. In general, rT increases with increasing DO and T, rD shows T- and DO-dependent minimum, and there is serious localized corrosion at high DO above 500 ppb. Oxide films consist of magnetite except at T=60°C, DO=50 to 200 ppb where a thin layer of hydrous ferric oxide is formed. At DO=500 ppb , the outermost part of the magnetite changes into γ-Fe2O3, and above DO=1.0 ppm, appreciable amounts of α-Fe2O3 cover the magnetite oxide layer. The rT and rD values are not related to the presence of αFe2O3 or Fe3O4 in the surface structure of the oxide, but clearly decrease as the OH−/Fe mole ratio at the oxide surface increases. The mechanism determining the corrosion rate changes is discussed.