bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liver transplantation for severe hepatitis in patients with common variable immunodeficiency
Authors: Murakawa Yasuhiro , Miyagawa‐Hayashino Aya , Ogura Yasuhiro , Egawa Hiroto , Okamoto Shinya , Soejima Yuji , Kurosawa Manabu , Sumiyoshi Shinji , Uemoto Shinji , Haga Hironori 
Published: August 2011

Murakawa Y, Miyagawa‐Hayashino A, Ogura Y, Egawa H, Okamoto S, Soejima Y, Kurosawa M, Sumiyoshi S, Uemoto S, Haga H. Liver transplantation for severe hepatitis in patients with common variable immunodeficiency.  Pediatr Transplantation 2011. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  CVID is a heterogeneous group of primary immunodeficiency diseases characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia, recurrent bacterial infections, and frequent autoimmune manifestations. The post‐transplant course of liver transplant recipients with CVID is rarely described. We report two patients with CVID complicated by severe enteropathy who underwent living donor liver transplantation for liver failure because of severe hepatitis. The post‐transplant course was complicated by recurrent acute rejection, leading to ductopenic rejection in one and recurrent hepatitis in the other. We reviewed the tissue samples histologically and immunohistochemically. Native livers showed submassive hepatocyte necrosis in one and cirrhotic liver with active hepatitis in the other, both with infiltration of CD8+ T cells accompanied by endothelialitis and bile duct damage; the intestine contained increased numbers of intraepithelial CD8+ T cells with apoptosis of epithelial cells. The liver allograft exhibited acute rejection, with prominent CD8+ T cells infiltrating the bile duct or endothelium. In the allograft following the diagnosis of post‐transplant recurrent hepatitis, CD8+ T cells comprised the majority of infiltrating cells in portal areas spilling over into hepatic parenchyma. Our cases suggest that T cells contribute to the pathogenesis of CVID in native organs as well as allografts and may constitute evidence of T‐cell deregulation in the pathogenesis of CVID.
Successful management of pregnancy and delivery in a woman with multiple coronary stenoses of unknown cause
Authors: Nakajima Yoshiyuki , Masaoka Naoki , Tashiro Hidefumi , Chiba Junko , Sakai Masato 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWe describe the case of a 30‐year‐old primiparous woman who had multiple coronary stenoses of unknown cause, and discuss causes and risks in pregnancy in a patient with coronary stenoses and the management and outcome.At 13 years of age, the patient was diagnosed as having multiple coronary stenoses and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty was performed. At the age of 30, coronary arteriography demonstrated multiple severe stenoses. Her previous physician had permitted her to become pregnant. At 32 weeks’ gestation, due to uncontrollable uterine contractions, magnesium sulfate was administered. At 37 weeks’ gestation, a cesarean section was performed because of breech presentation, and she delivered a healthy female infant. During cesarean section, oxytocin was given at a slower rate. There has been no recurrence of cardiac events during and after pregnancy. Multiple coronary stenoses during pregnancy need a multidisciplinary approach.
A single‐centre experience of chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer: is there potential for nonoperative management?
Authors: Dalton R. S. J. , Velineni R. , Osborne M. E. , Thomas R. , Harries S. , Gee A. S. , Daniels I. R. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAim  The aim of the study was to assess the outcome of patients who received chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for locally advanced rectal cancer, specifically those with complete clinical response (CCR) and who were then managed nonoperatively with a ‘Watch and Wait’ follow‐up protocol.Method  A retrospective study was carried out of patients undergoing preoperative CRT for rectal cancer, conducted in a district general hospital managing rectal cancer through the multidisciplinary team process.Results  Forty‐nine patients received preoperative CRT over a 5‐year period (2004–2009). Twelve (24%) were considered potentially to have had a complete response on MRI. Of these, six subsequently had clinical evidence of residual disease, leading to surgery (mean time to surgery, 24 weeks; range, 12–36 weeks). The remaining six had CCR, avoiding surgery (mean follow up, 26 months; range, 12–45 months), with all six patients disease free to date. A further six patients had complete pathological response (CPR) following surgery after comprehensive histopathological assessment of the specimen.Conclusion  In this consecutive series of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer treated with CRT, 12% demonstrated a CCR and have been actively managed conservatively, thereby avoiding surgery. With further improvements in diagnostic assessment of response to CRT, this figure may rise.
Traumatic injury to the colon and rectum in Scotland: demographics and outcome
Authors: Brady R. R. , O’Neill S. , Berry O. , Kerssens J. J. , Yalamarthi S. , Parks R. W. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAim  An analysis of a multi‐centred database of trauma patients was performed.Method  The study used data from a prospective multi‐centre trauma database containing details of 52 887 trauma patients admitted to participating Scottish Hospitals over an 11‐year period.Results  Three hundred and forty (0.64%) of 52 887 trauma patients (284 male) with colorectal injuries were identified; 43.9% of colorectal injuries occurred following blunt trauma and 56.1% following penetrating injury. Patients in the latter group were younger, had less haemodynamic compromise and were less likely to die than those with blunt trauma (P < 0.01). The overall mortality rate was 25.6% and after rectal injury it was 21.2% (P > 0.05). Female gender, increased age, road traffic accidents and those admitted as a result of a blunt traumatic injury were associated with increased mortality. Age > 65 years (P = 0.01), increasing injury severity score (ISS) at presentation (P < 0.001), haemodynamic compromise (P = 0.045) and decreased Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) (P < 0.001) had the strongest independent associations with mortality.Conclusion  Colorectal injury after trauma has a high morbidity. Clinical features associated with death allow stratification of mortality risk.
Quality of care in rectal cancer surgery. Exploring influencing factors in the West of Scotland
Authors: Nicholson G. A. , Morrison D. S. , Finlay I. G. , Diament R. H. , Horgan P. G. , Molloy R. G. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAim  To assess variability in the proportions of types of major resection for rectal cancer throughout the west of Scotland (WoS) and ascertain factors explaining the variability.Method  Retrospective cohort study of a regional population clinical audit database. This was linked to cancer registrations and death certificates in order that outcome analyses could be derived. Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were used to explore determinants of survival.Results  A total of 1574 patients met the inclusion criteria. The age range was from 22 to 97 years. The mean age was 67, median age 68 and the standard deviation was 11.5. The majority of patients (61%) were male. Unlike previous series, male patients and those with poorer socioeconomic circumstances (SEC) were no more likely to receive an abdominoperineal excision (APE) procedure for rectal cancer.Conclusion  Variation exists in the west of Scotland regarding surgical treatment for rectal cancer. We found no difference in the type of procedure offered according to sex, intent of operation or socioeconomic circumstances with reference to APE and anterior resection (AR) for rectal cancer. We conclude therefore that our region provides an equitable service on grounds of sex and SEC. This demonstrates that an equitable surgical service has been provided for those suffering from rectal cancer. Circumferential margin postitivity was four times more likely in an APE than an AR for rectal cancer. This is not explained by age, stage, sex, socioeconomic circumstances (SEC), volume of surgery, intent of operation, type of admission or year of incidence.
‘Food with a purpose’– Home Economics teachers' construction of food and home
Authors: Höijer Karin , Hjälmeskog Karin , Fjellström Christina 
Published: August 2011

AbstractFood and home are central issues in the Home Economics curriculum. The aim of the present paper was to explore how Home Economics teachers make sense of and manage being teachers in this particular subject and how they talk about food and home. This was achieved by conducting four focus groups with 25 participants, 23 women and two men, all with experience from working as Home Economics teachers. Participants were recruited from all over Sweden through emails. The data analysis was conducted in three steps and was guided by social constructionist theory. The main findings were the themes of Home Economics as food with a purpose, teachers with a public health commission, the fostering teacher, tangible cooking and the deficient home. The results show that Home Economics is constructed as a site for ‘proper knowledge’ about food in relation to a ‘deficient home’. Food in Home Economics was thus constructed as having a purpose.
Conceptualizing the household as an object of study
Authors: Niehof Anke 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe use of the term household and the theoretical and empirical meanings attached to it have undergone changes through time. When Home Economics was established as an academic field of study, the household became its primary unit of analysis. In Northern societies, the concept of family gradually began to occupy the limelight, and functions and aspects formerly attributed to the household in studies on the domestic domain began to feature in family studies. Against the backdrop of the second feminist wave and the emergence of consumer society and urban lifestyles, the household was increasingly treated as a unit of consumption only.Such a narrow conceptualization of the household not only limits its application to certain types of societies but also obstructs our view on the ways in which people provide for their food and care needs, cope with deprivation and adversity, and leaves the important role women play in these processes under‐exposed. These arguments are developed on the basis of an analysis of the results of 12 recent (2002–2010) Wageningen University PhD research projects in different Asian and African countries. The concepts of family and home emerge in the analysis as well, but are seen as partly overlapping with the concept of household and subsumed under it. On the basis of the results of the analysis and the literature, the paper formulates conclusions about the importance of the household as a unit of analysis and the relevance of a field of study that focuses on households and the domestic domain.
Teacher perceptions of the contribution of Home Economics to sustainable development education: a cross‐cultural view
Authors: Dewhurst Yvonne , Pendergast Donna 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis paper reports on the contribution of Home Economics to sustainable development education as part of the school curriculum for students aged 11–18 years in a number of cultural contexts. A survey was used to collect data from Home Economics teachers in Australia, Canada, Malta and Scotland to better understand the similarities and differences of Home Economics curriculum in these contexts, as it contributes to sustainable development education. The data reveal that the teachers in the study considered sustainable development to be an important issue, and the formal Home Economics curricula made significant contributions to the education of this topic. It is noted, however, that the field of sustainable development education has neglected studies of Home Economics education and its teachers' perceptions about sustainable development education, and this is reinforced by a lack of research generated from the Home Economics field. The researchers argue that this is an inhibiting factor affecting the capacity of schools to achieve sustainable development goals.
4D analysis of influence of patient movement and anatomy alteration on the quality of 3D U/S‐based prostate HDR brachytherapy treatment delivery
Authors: Milickovic Natasa , Mavroidis Panayiotis , Tselis Nikolaos , Nikolova Iliyana , Katsilieri Zaira , Kefala Vasiliki , Zamboglou Nikolaos , Baltas Dimos 
Published: August 2011

Purpose:Modern HDR brachytherapy treatment for prostate cancer based on the 3D ultrasound (U/S) plays increasingly important role. The purpose of this study is to investigate possible patient movement and anatomy alteration between the clinical image set acquisition, made after the needle implantation, and the patient irradiation and their influence on the quality of treatment.Methods:The authors used 3D U/S image sets and the corresponding treatment plans based on a 4D‐treatment planning procedure: plans of 25 patients are obtained right after the needle implantation (clinical plan is based on this 3D image set) and just before and after the treatment delivery. The authors notice the slight decrease of treatment quality with increase of time gap between the clinical image set acquisition and the patient irradiation. 4D analysis of dose‐volume‐histograms (DVHs) for prostate: CTV1 = PTV, and urethra, rectum, and bladder as organs at risk (OARs) and conformity index (COIN) is presented, demonstrating the effect of prostate, OARs, and needles displacement.Results:The authors show that in the case that the patient body movement/anatomy alteration takes place, this results in modification of DVHs and radiobiological parameters, hence the plan quality. The observed average displacement of needles (1 mm) and of prostate (0.57 mm) is quite small as compared with the average displacement noted in several other reports [A. A. Martinezet al., Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. 49(1), 61–69 (2001); S. J. Damore et al., Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. 46(5), 1205–1211 (2000); P. J. Hoskin et al., Radiotherm. Oncol. 68(3), 285–288 (2003); E. Mullokandov et al., Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. 58(4), 1063–1071 (2004)] in the literature.Conclusions:Although the decrease of quality of dosimetric and radiobiological parameters occurs, this does not cause clinically unacceptable changes to the 3D dose distribution, according to our clinical protocol.
AN EFFICIENT PARALLEL SORTING COMPATIBLE WITH THE STANDARD QSORT
Authors: MAN DUHU , ITO YASUAKI , NAKANO KOJI 
Published: August 2011

The main contribution of this paper is to present an efficient parallel sorting "psort" compatible with the standard qsort. Our parallel sorting "psort" is implemented such that its interface is compatible with "qsort" in C Standard Library. Therefore, any application program that uses standard "qsort" can be accelerated by simply replacing "qsort" call by our "psort". Also, "psort" uses standard "qsort" as a subroutine for local sequential sorting. So, if the performance of "qsort" is improved by anyone in the open source community, then that of our "psort" is also automatically improved. To evaluate the performance of our "psort", we have implemented our parallel sorting in a Linux server with four Intel hexad-core processors (i.e. twenty four processor cores). The experimental results show that our "psort" is approximately 11 times faster than standard "qsort" using 24 processors.
An online cross view difference and behavior based kernel rootkit detector
Authors: Mahapatra Chandrabhanu , Selvakumar S. 
Published: August 2011

Kernel level rootkits pose a serious threat today as they not only mask the presence of themselves but also mask the malware that comes attached with them. Rootkits achieve such stealthy behavior by manipulating the control flow of system calls by hooks and kernel objects, viz., driver and process list directly. Existing Antiviruses that rely on signature based techniques for detection of malwares are effective only against known rootkits. However, as hackers change coding style of rootkits, Antiviruses fail to detect them and rootkits and their malicious activities are hidden from the view of the administrator. Thus, all data on the compromised system becomes vulnerable to theft and all services running on it can be misused by the remote attacker without even the slightest chance of being discovered. Other rootkit detection techniques such as integrity checking, alternate trusted medium, and memory dumping require frequent offline analysis and fail to unload or block the rootkit.
This paper addresses, these challenges and proposes an online cross view difference and behavior based kernel rootkit detector to overcome them. Our proposed solution Kernel Rootkit Trojan Detector (KeRTD) is a host-based and cross view difference-based solution that enables online analysis and aids detection of rootkit immediately. A simple view difference of snapshot of Task manager in user mode and KeRTD Process and Driver List helps the detection of hidden rootkits and other hidden malwares. All rootkits follow a generic pattern of infection such as installing kernel hooks and modification of kernel objects, etc. This very generic behavior of rootkit is exploited in KeRTD to detect and restore the kernel hooks, thus blocking them from further infection. Every file and memory accesses are verified against Access Control List to avoid subversion of KeRTD and operating system kernel. This proposal has been implemented on windows operating system and tested for various methods of attack by kernel rootkits. The results confirm the detection of the kernel rootkits.
The Role of Majority Groups in Diversity Programs
Authors: Rheingans Penny , Brodsky Anne , Scheibler Jill , Spence Anne 
Published: August 2011

The underrepresentation of women in technical fields is a widely acknowledged national problem, limiting both the raw size of the talent pool and the diversity of experiences and perspectives of those who will design solutions to key problems facing society. Empowering women to succeed in these fields is clearly one important component of any solution. Because the population in those fields will likely continue to be overwhelmingly male for some time to come, men must also be a key component of the solution. Specifically, since the attitudes of the majority group are a strong determinant of climate, it is almost equally important to foster a population of men supportive of increasing the representation of women.
As at most universities and technical companies, women are a minority in all majors in the University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC) College of Engineering and Information Technology (COEIT). In most majors, they are a small minority. The UMBC Center for Women and Information Technology (CWIT) is dedicated to increasing the representation of women in engineering and information technology fields. At the heart of these efforts is the CWIT Scholar Program, a selective merit scholarship program for undergraduates majoring in engineering and IT who are committed to increasing the representation of women in those fields. In addition to financial support, the CWIT Scholar Program provides a supportive community, academic and professional development programming, networking opportunities, and a residential Living Learning Community. Almost from the beginning, some CWIT scholars have been men. 28 percent of current CWIT scholars are men.
Perhaps not surprisingly, female CWIT scholars have dramatically higher retention and completion rates than other women majoring in these fields. In this article, we look at a second effect of the CWIT Scholar Program, that of changing awareness and attitudes of the men who participate. We discuss programs and present results of a survey of attitudes regarding technical, academic, and gender issues in engineering and IT education. We disaggregate survey participants to show differences between the attitudes of women, scholar men, and men not participating in a diversity program.
Genome-wide algorithm for detecting CNV associations with diseases
Authors: Xu Yaji , Peng Bo , Fu Yunxin , Amos Christopher I 
Published: August 2011

Abstract

Background
SNP genotyping arrays have been developed to characterize single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and DNA copy number variations (CNVs). Nonparametric and model-based statistical algorithms have been developed to detect CNVs from SNP data using the marker intensities. However, these algorithms lack specificity to detect small CNVs owing to the high false positive rate when calling CNVs based on the intensity values. Therefore, the resulting association tests lack power even if the CNVs affecting disease risk are common. An alternative procedure called PennCNV uses information from both the marker intensities as well as the genotypes and therefore has increased sensitivity.

Results
By using the hidden Markov model (HMM) implemented in PennCNV to derive the probabilities of different copy number states which we subsequently used in a logistic regression model, we developed a new genome-wide algorithm to detect CNV associations with diseases. We compared this new method with association test applied to the most probable copy number state for each individual that is provided by PennCNV after it performs an initial HMM analysis followed by application of the Viterbi algorithm, which removes information about copy number probabilities. In one of our simulation studies, we showed that for large CNVs (number of SNPs ≥ 10), the association tests based on PennCNV calls gave more significant results, but the new algorithm retained high power. For small CNVs (number of SNPs < 10), the logistic algorithm provided smaller average p-values (e.g., p = 7.54e - 17 when relative risk RR = 3.0) in all the scenarios and could capture signals that PennCNV did not (e.g., p = 0.020 when RR = 3.0). From a second set of simulations, we showed that the new algorithm is more powerful in detecting disease associations with small CNVs (number of SNPs ranging from 3 to 5) under different penetrance models (e.g., when RR = 3.0, for relatively weak signals, power = 0.8030 comparing to 0.2879 obtained from the association tests based on PennCNV calls). The new method was implemented in software GWCNV. It is freely available at http://gwcnv.sourceforge.net, distributed under a GPL license.

Conclusions
We conclude that the new algorithm is more sensitive and can be more powerful in detecting CNV associations with diseases than the existing HMM algorithm, especially when the CNV association signal is weak and a limited number of SNPs are located in the CNV.
Assembly of non-unique insertion content using next-generation sequencing
Authors: Parrish Nathaniel , Hormozdiari Farhad , Eskin Eleazar 
Published: August 2011

AbstractRecent studies in genomics have highlighted the significance of sequence insertions in determining individual variation. Efforts to discover the content of these sequence insertions have been limited to short insertions and long unique insertions. Much of the inserted sequence in the typical human genome, however, is a mixture of repeated and unique sequence. Current methods are designed to assemble only unique sequence insertions, using reads that do not map to the reference. These methods are not able to assemble repeated sequence insertions, as the reads will map to the reference in a different locus.In this paper, we present a computational method for discovering the content of sequence insertions that are unique, repeated, or a combination of the two. Our method analyzes the read mappings and depth of coverage of paired-end reads to identify reads that originated from inserted sequence. We demonstrate the process of assembling these reads to characterize the insertion content. Our method is based on the idea of segment extension, which progressively extends segments of known content using paired-end reads. We apply our method in simulation to discover the content of inserted sequences in a modified mouse chromosome and show that our method produces reliable results at 40x coverage.