bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Site‐specific cancer deaths in cancer of unknown primary diagnosed with lymph node metastasis may reveal hidden primaries
Authors: Hemminki K. , Bevier M. , Sundquist J. , Hemminki A. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractCancer of unknown primary site (CUP) is a fatal cancer ranking among the five most common cancer deaths. CUP is diagnosed through metastases, which are limited to lymph nodes in some patients. Cause‐specific survival data could guide the search for hidden primary tumors and help with therapeutic choices. The CUP patients were identified from the Swedish Cancer Registry between 1987 and 2008; 1,444 patients had only lymph node metastasis of defined histology (adenocarcinoma, squamous cell or undifferentiated). Site‐specific cancer deaths were analyzed by lymph node location and histology. Kaplan‐Meier survival curves were compared with metastatic primary cancer at related sites. Among the patients with metastasis to head and neck lymph nodes, 117 (59.1% of the specific cancer deaths) died of lung tumors. Patients with axillary lymph node metastasis died of lung and breast tumors in equal proportions (40.2% each). Also, squamous cell CUP in head and neck lymph nodes was mainly associated with lung tumor deaths (53.1%). With a few exceptions, survival of CUP patients with lymph node metastasis was indistinguishable from survival of patients with metastatic primary cancer originating from the organs drained by those nodes. The association between lymph node CUP metastases with cancer deaths in the drained organ and the superimposable survival kinetics suggests that drained organs host hidden primaries. Importantly, half of all site‐specific cancer deaths (266/530) were due to lung tumors. Thus, an intense search should be mounted to find lung cancer in CUP patients with lymph node metastases.
Effect of neonatal exposure on male rats to bisphenol a on the expression of DNA methylation machinery in the postimplantation embryo
Authors: Doshi Tanvi , D'Souza Criselle , Dighe Vikas , Vanage Geeta 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBisphenol A (BPA) is used in the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Our previous studies have demonstrated that neonatal exposure of male rats to BPA causes decrease in sperm count and motility, increase in postimplantation loss (POL), ultimately leading to subfertility during adulthood. Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation play an important role in embryo development. DNA methyltransferases (Dnmts) are the key players involved in regulating DNA methylation marks. The objective of the present study was to determine the mechanism involved in resorption of embryo as a result of BPA exposure. The results of the present study demonstrate that neonatal exposure of male rats to BPA down regulates the gene expression of Dnmts and related transcription factors in resorbed embryos as compared with the viable embryo. Thereby, suggesting that BPA may have altered the sperm epigenome, which might have affected the embryo development and leading to an increase in the POL. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 26:337–343, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10:1002/jbt.21425
Prevalence of left chamber cardiac thrombi in patients with dilated left ventricle at sinus rhythm: The role of transesophageal echocardiography
Authors: Bakalli Aurora , Georgievska‐Ismail Ljubica , Koçinaj Dardan , Musliu Nebi , Krasniqi Agim , Pllana Ejup 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackground.Left atrial appendage (LAA) may be a source of thrombi in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy at sinus rhythm. The objectives of our study were to assess the prevalence of intracardiac left chamber thrombus and/or spontaneous echo contrast and to identify clinical and echocardiographic predictors for left ventricle (LV), left atrium (LA), and/or LAA thrombus formation, particularly as regard to LV, LA, and LAA size, in heart failure patients at sinus rhythm.Methods.We included 45 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy of ischemic or idiopathic origin with mild to moderate systolic dysfunction, who were at sinus rhythm and without anticoagulation therapy.Results.Mean left ventricular end diastolic diameter was 64.9 ± 6.1 mm, and mean LV ejection fraction was 39.9 ± 7.3%. LV thrombus was found in 13.3% of patients and LAA thrombus in 68. 9%. Left ventricular end diastolic diameter was correlated with LA volume (r = 0.59, p < 0.0001) and LV thrombus (r = 0.38, p = 0.005). LA volume was correlated with LAA maximal area (r = 0.34, p = 0.01), which was an independent predictor for LAA thrombus formation (p = 0.003).Conclusions.Dilation of left cardiac chambers offers a suitable terrain for thrombus formation. The high probability of LAA thrombosis should be kept in mind when designing the treatment strategy for patients with dilated cardiomyopathy at sinus rhythm. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 2013
Normal and abnormal images of intrauterine devices: Role of three‐dimensional sonography
Authors: Graupera Betlem , Hereter Lourdes , Pascual M. Angela , Fernández‐Cid María , Urbina Carla , Di Paola Rossana , Pedrero Cristina 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe purpose of this pictorial essay is to describe the diagnostic value of two‐dimensional ultrasound (2DUS) and the additional information that three‐dimensional ultrasound (3DUS) provides in the assessment of location, type and complications of IUDs. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 40:433–438, 2012
Role of sonography in the diagnostic workup of ovarian and adnexal masses except in pregnancy and during ovarian stimulation
Authors: Loubeyre Pierre , Patel Seema , Copercini Michele , Petignat Patrick , Dallenbach Patrick , Dubuisson Jean Bernard 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe main role of imaging is to provide a description of the appearance, size, and location of adnexal lesions and associated abnormalities. In some circumstances, the aggressive potential of an adnexal lesion may be suggested on the basis of the imaging findings, the age of the patient, and the clinical data. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 40:424–432, 2012
Mammals as prey: Estimating ingestible size
Authors: Close Matthew , Cundall David 
Published: June 2012

AbstractMost mammals have deformable bodies, making it difficult to measure the size of living or freshly killed ones accurately. Because small rodents are common prey of many snakes, and because nearly all snakes swallow their prey whole, we explored four methods for determining the ingestible size (the smallest cross‐sectional area that the largest part of the rodent can be made into without breaking bones or dislocating joints) of 100 intact rodents, including 50 Musmusculus and 50 Rattus norvegicus. Cross‐sectional areas derived from maximal height and width of specimens at rest or the same specimens wrapped snout to pelvic girdle are roughly 1.5× higher than areas calculated either by the height and width of the same specimens rolled into cylinders or by volumetric displacement. Rolling rodents into cylinders reduces cross‐sectional area by straightening the vertebral column, lengthening the abdominal cavity, elevating the sternum, compressing the thoracic cavity, and protracting the shoulder joint, that is, changes similar to those seen in rodents eaten by snakes. Reduced major axis regression of the smallest attainable cross‐sectional area, y, on mass, x, shows that y (in log mm2) approximates 1.53x (in log grams)0.69 for rats and 1.63x0.64 for mice. Our results suggest that visual cues provided by live rodents might lead most predators, like snakes, to overestimate ingestible size and hence rarely attack prey too large to ingest. J. Morphol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Patterns of comb row development in young and adult stages of the ctenophores Mnemiopsis leidyi and Pleurobrachia pileus
Authors: Tamm Sidney L. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe development of comb rows in larval and adult Mnemiopsis leidyi and adult Pleurobrachia pileus is compared to regeneration of comb plates in these ctenophores. Late gastrula embryos and recently hatched cydippid larvae of Mnemiopsis have five comb plates in subsagittal rows and six comb plates in subtentacular rows. Subsagittal rows develop a new (sixth) comb plate and both types of rows add plates at similar rates until larvae reach the transition to the lobate form at ∼5 mm size. New plate formation then accelerates in subsagittal rows that later extend on the growing oral lobes to become twice the length of subtentacular rows. Interplate ciliated grooves (ICGs) develop in an aboral‐oral direction along comb rows, but ICG formation itself proceeds from oral to aboral between plates. New comb plates in Mnemiopsis larvae are added at both aboral and oral ends of rows. At aboral ends, new plates arise as during regeneration: local widening of a ciliated groove followed by formation of a short split plate that grows longer and wider and joins into a common plate. At oral ends, new plates arise as a single tuft of cilia before an ICG appears. Adult Mnemiopsis continue to make new plates at both ends of rows. The frequency of new aboral plate formation varies in the eight rows of an animal and seems unrelated to body size. In Pleurobrachia that lack ICGs, new comb plates at aboral ends arise between the first and second plates as a single small nonsplit plate, located either on the row midline or off‐axis toward the subtentacular plane. As the new (now second) plate grows larger, its distance from the first and third plates increases. Size of the new second plate varies within the eight rows of the same animal, indicating asynchronous formation of plates as in Mnemiopsis. New oral plates arise as in Mnemiopsis. The different modes of comb plate formation in Mnemiopsis versus Pleurobrachia are accounted for by differences in mesogleal firmness and mechanisms of ciliary coordination. In both cases, the body of a growing ctenophore is supplied with additional comb plates centripetally from opposite ends of the comb rows. J. Morphol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Challenging limits: Ultrastructure and size‐related functional constraints of the compound eye of Stigmella microtheriella (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae)
Authors: Fischer Stefan , Meyer‐Rochow V. Benno , Müller Carsten H. G. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWith a body length of only 2 mm, the nepticulid Stigmella microtheriella (Stainton, 1854) is one of the smallest moths known to date. We investigated the optical design of its lemon‐shaped compound eyes, which measure 83.60 μm in anterior–posterior and 119.77 μm in dorso‐ventral direction. The eyes consist of about 123 facets, each of the latter just 9.9 μm in diameter. Transmission electron microscopy reveals an optical design with features intermediate between apposition and superposition optics similar to that known from two other small species of moths (one Nepticulid and one Gracillarid). Size‐related evolutionary adaptations of the ommatidial organization include (1) the involvement of only five rhabdomeres in the formation of the distal rhabdom (2) the complete absence of a rhabdomere of the eighth (= basal) retinula cell, (3) the “hourglass” shape of the rhabdom with a characteristic narrow waist separating distal from proximal portion, and (4) the reduction to one single layer of tracheoles as an adaptation to the overall restricted space available in this minute eye. J. Morphol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Scaling of the ballistic tongue apparatus in chameleons
Authors: Anderson Christopher V. , Sheridan Thomas , Deban Stephen M. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBody dimensions of organisms can have a profound impact on their functional and structural properties. We examined the morphological proportions of the feeding apparatus of 105 chameleon specimens representing 23 species in seven genera, spanning a 1,000‐fold range in body mass to test whether the feeding apparatus conforms to the null hypotheses of geometric similarity that is based on the prevalence of geometric similarity in other ectothermic vertebrates. We used a phylogenetically corrected regression analysis based on a composite phylogenetic hypothesis to determine the interspecific scaling patterns of the feeding apparatus. We also determined the intraspecific (ontogenetic) scaling patterns for the feeding apparatus in three species. We found that both intraspecifically and interspecifically, the musculoskeletal components of the feeding apparatus scale isometrically among themselves, independent of body length. The feeding apparatus is thus of conserved proportions regardless of overall body length. In contrast, we found that the tongue apparatus as a whole and its musculoskeletal components scale with negative allometry with respect to snout‐vent length—smaller individuals have a proportionately larger feeding apparatus than larger individuals, both within and among species. Finally, the tongue apparatus as a whole scales with negative allometry with respect to body mass through ontogeny, but with isometry interspecifically. We suggest that the observed allometry may be maintained by natural selection because an enlarged feeding apparatus at small body size may maximize projection distance and the size of prey that smaller animals with higher mass‐specific metabolic rates can capture. J. Morphol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation of sampling density on the accuracy of aortic pulse wave velocity from velocity‐encoded MRI in patients with Marfan syndrome
Authors: Kröner Eleanore S.J. , van der Geest Rob J. , Scholte Arthur J.H.A. , Kroft Lucia J.M. , van den Boogaard Pieter J. , Hendriksen Dennis , Lamb Hildo J. , Siebelink Hans‐Marc J. , Mulder Barbara J.M. , Groenink Maarten , Radonic Teodora , Hilhorst‐Hofstee Yvonne , Bax Jeroen J. , van der Wall Ernst E. , de Roos Albert , Reiber Johan H.C. , Westenberg Jos J.M. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPurpose:To evaluate the effect of spatial (ie, number of sampling locations along the aorta) and temporal sampling density on aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) assessment from velocity‐encoded MRI in patients with Marfan syndrome (MFS).Materials and Methods:Twenty‐three MFS patients (12 men, mean age 36 ± 14 years) were included. Three PWV‐methods were evaluated: 1) reference PWVi.p. from in‐plane velocity‐encoded MRI with dense temporal and spatial sampling; 2) conventional PWVt.p. from through‐plane velocity‐encoded MRI with dense temporal but sparse spatial sampling at three aortic locations; 3) EPI‐accelerated PWVt.p. with sparse temporal but improved spatial sampling at five aortic locations with acceleration by echo‐planar imaging (EPI).Results:Despite inferior temporal resolution, EPI‐accelerated PWVt.p. showed stronger correlation (r = 0.92 vs. r = 0.65, P = 0.03) with reference PWVi.p. in the total aorta, with less error (8% vs. 16%) and variation (11% vs. 27%) as compared to conventional PWVt.p.. In the aortic arch, correlation was comparable for both EPI‐accelerated and conventional PWVt.p. with reference PWVi.p. (r = 0.66 vs. r = 0.67, P = 0.46), albeit 92% scan‐time reduction by EPI‐acceleration.Conclusion:Improving spatial sampling density by adding two acquisition planes along the aorta results in more accurate PWV assessment, even when temporal resolution decreases. For regional PWV assessment in the aortic arch, EPI‐accelerated and conventional PWV assessment are comparably accurate. Scan‐time reduction makes EPI‐accelerated PWV assessment the preferred method of choice. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012; 36:1470–1476. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Greater muscle co‐contraction results in increased tibiofemoral compressive forces in females who have undergone anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Tsai Liang‐Ching , McLean Scott , Colletti Patrick M. , Powers Christopher M. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIndividuals who have undergone ACL reconstruction (ACLR) have been shown to have a higher risk of developing knee osteoarthritis (OA). The elevated risk of knee OA may be associated with increased tibiofemoral compressive forces. The primary purpose of this study was to examine whether females with ACLR demonstrate greater tibiofemoral compressive forces, as well as greater muscle co‐contraction and decreased knee flexion during a single‐leg drop‐land task when compared to healthy females. Ten females with ACLR and 10 healthy females (control group) participated. Each participant underwent two data collection sessions: (1) MRI assessment and (2) biomechanical analysis (EMG, kinematics, and kinetics) during a single‐leg drop‐land task. Joint kinematics, EMG, and MRI‐measured muscle volumes and patella tendon orientation were used as input variables into a MRI‐based EMG‐driven knee model to quantify the peak tibiofemoral compressive forces during landing. Peak tibiofemoral compressive forces were significantly higher in the ACLR group when compared to the control group (97.3 ± 8.0 vs. 88.8 ± 9.8 N · kg−1). The ACLR group also demonstrated significantly greater muscle co‐contraction as well as less knee flexion than the control group. Our findings support the premise that individuals with ACLR demonstrate increased tibiofemoral compression as well as greater muscle co‐contraction and decreased knee flexion during a drop‐land task. Future studies are needed to examine whether correcting abnormal neuromuscular strategies and reducing tibiofemoral compressive forces following ACLR can slow the progression of joint degeneration in this population. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:2007–2014, 2012
Complex PTSD is on the trauma spectrum: Comment on Resick et al. (2012)
Authors: Goodman Marianne 
Published: June 2012

AbstractConceptualizing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) along a spectrum with complex and simple features is integrative and models an approach taken by disciplines in medicine outside of psychiatry. This perspective is offered in the Resick et al. (2012) review. To best delineate the nature and permeability of the border between Complex PTSD and PTSD, an emphasis on clarifying underlying biological processes is needed to move beyond our current reliance on symptomatic description.
Benefit Finding at War: A Matter of Time
Authors: Wood Michael D. , Britt Thomas W. , Wright Kathleen M. , Thomas Jeffrey L. , Bliese Paul D. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBenefit finding, described as one's ability to find benefits from stressful situations, has been hypothesized as a buffer against the negative effects of stress on mental health outcomes. Nonetheless, many have questioned the buffering potential of benefit finding in the face of prolonged and excessive stress such as is found in the combat environment. This study suggests that the length of a combat deployment and benefit finding may impact the relationship between combat exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Surveys were distributed to U.S. enlisted soldiers (n = 1,917), officers, and warrant officers (n = 163) of various combat and combat support units deployed to Iraq. A significant 3‐way interaction (sr2 = .004, p < .05) revealed that benefit finding buffered soldiers from increased PTSD symptoms under high levels of combat exposure early in the deployment, but not in later months. These results indicate that although benefit finding may be a useful coping approach during the early phases of deployment, prolonged exposure to stress may diminish a soldier's ability to use benefit finding as a method for coping.
Feng Shui Principles in Residential Housing Selection
Authors: Wu Wann‐Yih , Yau Oliver H. M. , Lu Hsiao‐Yun 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTFeng Shui principles have a significant impact on consumers’ housing selection in Chinese societies. However, the importance of such beliefs in consumer's decision‐making processes has not been investigated in previous studies. Thus, an analytic hierarchy process was adopted to identify the importance of Feng Shui principles in the selection of residential properties. Furthermore, based on the theoretical foundations of the theory of reasoned action (TRA) and perceived risks, two empirical studies were conducted to verify how consumers use Feng Shui principles to influence their beliefs, attitudes, and purchasing decisions. The results indicate that consumers tend to place more emphasis on housing with good accessibility, no harmful objects, positive directional aspects, and harmony between Feng Shui and humans. The results further confirm that the TRA model is applicable when utilizing Feng Shui principles as stimuli to elicit consumer behaviors. Individuals who perceive higher risks related to violations of Feng Shui principles tend to more seriously consider the impact of such principles on their beliefs, attitudes, and purchasing behaviors with regard to residential properties. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dual Temperature and Thiol‐Responsive POEOMA‐Multisegmented Polydisulfides: Synthesis and Thermoresponsive Properties
Authors: Zhang Qian , Noh Seung Man , Nam Joon Hyun , Jung Hyun Wook , Park Jong Myung , Oh Jung Kwon 
Published: June 2012

AbstractNew thermoresponsive polydisulfides of POEOMA multiblocks linked with disulfide bonds having redox‐responsive properties are reported. These POEOMA‐multisegmented polydisulfides were synthesized by a new method employing a combined RAFT/aminolysis and reversible thiol‐disulfide redox reaction that centers on the synthesis of new disulfide‐labeled difunctional RAFT agent. RAFT polymerization proceeded in living fashion, yielding well‐defined POEOMA copolymers with middle disulfides and terminal RAFT species. They were then used as precursors for thiol‐disulfide polyexchange induced by aminolysis and reductive reaction followed by oxidation: these polydisulfides with different molecular weights and end groups ex hibited tunable thermoresponsive properties and thiol‐responsive degradation.
Expression of RNA‐binding proteins DND1 and FXR1 in the porcine ovary, and during oocyte maturation and early embryo development
Authors: Yang Cai‐Xia , Wright Elane C. , Ross Jason W. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe porcine oocyte and early embryo are transcriptionally quiescent following germinal vesicle breakdown in the oocyte and prior to activation of the embryonic genome, at approximately the 4‐cell stage of development. Despite a lack of new transcription, mRNA and protein repertoires are subject to regulation during this time. One potential mechanism of regulation is through the functional activity of miRNAs and/or the presence of specific RNA‐binding proteins. Both DND1 (dead end homolog 1) and FXR1 (fragile‐X‐mental retardation‐related protein 1) are RNA‐binding proteins that have been demonstrated to impact miRNA‐mediated, post‐transcriptional gene regulation. The objective was to characterize the presence and the expression changes in DND1 and FXR1 during pig oocyte maturation and early embryo development. DND1 and FXR1 expression were evaluated in oocytes and cumulus cells during meiotic progression and in 4‐cell stage embryos using quantitative RT‐PCR, Western blot analysis, and immunostaining. These data demonstrate DND1 and FXR1 mRNA are expressed in the maturing oocyte and early in vitro‐fertilized embryos, with significantly less DND1 in 4‐cell stage embryos as compared to germinal vesicle and metaphase II‐arrested oocytes. Based on immunohistochemistry, DND1 protein abundance is greater in secondary follicles in comparison to primary and tertiary follicles. Using ribonucleoprotein immunoprecipitation from germinal vesicle‐stage oocytes, DND1 was demonstrated to interact with several mRNAs associated with pluripotency. This work provides a better understanding of the biological relevance of DND1 and FXR1 during female gametogenesis and embryo development in pigs.Mol. Reprod. Dev. 79: 541‐552, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.