bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross‐talk between leukemic and immune cells at the tumor microenvironment in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: An update review
Authors: Taghiloo Saeid , Asgarian‐Omran Hossein 
Published: May 2024

AbstractChronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a mature‐type B cell malignancy correlated with significant changes and defects in both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system, together with a high dependency on the tumor microenvironment. Overall, the tumor microenvironment (TME) in CLL provides a supportive niche for leukemic cells to grow and survive, and interactions between CLL cells and the TME can contribute to disease progression and treatment resistance. Therefore, the increasing knowledge of the complicated interaction between immune cells and tumor cells, which is responsible for immune evasion and cancer progression, has provided an opportunity for the development of new therapeutic approaches. In this review, we outline tumor microenvironment‐driven contributions to the licensing of immune escape mechanisms in CLL patients.
The critical role of P2XR/PGC‐1α signalling pathway in hypoxia‐mediated pyroptosis and M1/M2 phenotypic differentiation of mouse microglia
Authors: Yang Hao , Shao Zhen‐hua , Jin Xian , Chen Jia‐wei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMicroglia are endogenous immune cells in the brain, and their pyroptosis and phenotype dichotomy are proved to play roles in neurodegenerative diseases. We investigated whether and how hypoxia affected pyroptosis and phenotype polarization in mouse microglia. Primary mouse microglia and BV2 microglia were exposed to hypoxia. Pyroptosis and M1/M2 phenotype were assessed by measuring gasdermin D truncation and M1/M2 surface marker expression. Mechanisms including purinergic ionotropic receptor (P2XR), peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor coactivator‐1α (PGC‐1α) and NOD‐like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome were investigated. We reported hypoxia (90% N2, 5% O2 and 5% CO2) induced pyroptosis and promoted M1 phenotype polarization in primary mouse microglia and BV2 microglia, and the effect appeared after 6 h exposure. Although hypoxia (90% N2, 5% O2 and 5% CO2, 6 h) had no effect on P2X1R and P2X7R expression, it increased P2X4R expression and decreased PGC‐1α expression. Interestingly, blockade of P2X4R or P2X7R abolished hypoxia‐modulated PGC‐1α expression, pyroptosis and M1 polarization. PGC‐1α overexpression or overactivation alleviated hypoxia‐induced pyroptosis and M1 polarization, while PGC‐1α knockdown or deactivation promoted pyroptosis and M1 polarization under normoxic situation. Further, hypoxia induced NLRP3 expression and activated caspase‐1 and induced the phosphorylation of NF‐κB and reduced the phosphorylation of STAT3/6. NLRP3 inhibitor and caspase‐1 inhibitor abolished hypoxia‐induced pyroptosis, while NF‐κB inhibitor and STAT phosphorylation inducer ameliorated hypoxia‐induced M1 polarization. In addition, NF‐κB activator and STAT3/6 inhibitor caused microglia M1 polarization under normoxic situation. We concluded in cultured mouse microglia, hypoxia may induce pyroptosis via P2XR/PGC‐1α/NLRP3/caspase‐1 pathway and trigger M1 polarization through P2XR/PGC‐1α/NF‐κB/STAT3/6 pathway.
Serum neurofilament light chain and glial fibrillary acidic protein for predicting response to apheresis in steroid‐refractory multiple sclerosis relapses
Authors: Vardakas Ioannis , Dorst Johannes , Huss André , Mayer Benjamin , Fangerau Tanja , Taranu Daniela , Tumani Hayrettin , Senel Makbule 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeThe predictive value of serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) and serum glial fibrillary acidic protein (sGFAP) for apheresis outcome in steroid‐refractory multiple sclerosis (MS) relapse has not yet been evaluated.MethodsWe used pre‐ and postapheresis serum samples from 38 participants of the IAPEMS trial (clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02671682), which investigated the use of immunoadsorption versus plasma exchange for the treatment of steroid‐refractory MS attacks. Response to apheresis was classified based on improvement on (i) the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), (ii) the affected functional system scores (FSS) of the EDSS, or (iii) the visual acuity for patients with optic neuritis, 4 weeks postapheresis. sNFL and sGFAP were measured by single molecule arrays.ResultsPreprocedural sGFAP levels could discriminate between responders and nonresponders, determined by FSS improvement (p = 0.017). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, younger age (odds ratio [OR] = 0.781, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.635–0.962, p = 0.020) and lower sGFAP levels (OR = 0.948, 95% CI = 0.903–0.995, p = 0.031) could predict response to apheresis in the overall cohort. We could observe a trend towards a favourable apheresis outcome with higher sNfL levels (OR = 1.413, 95% CI = 0.965–2.069, p = 0.076). Analysis of the sNfL‐to‐sGFAP ratio showed an OR of 1.924 (95% CI = 1.073–3.451, p = 0.028) for predicting apheresis response. The ratio showed a better predictive value than the individual parameters. Neither biomarker was affected by the number of steroid cycles preapheresis.ConclusionsLower sGFAP levels, a higher sNfL‐to‐sGFAP ratio, and younger age are associated with a favourable apheresis outcome.
Dispersal and connectivity in increasingly extreme climatic conditions
Authors: Hofmann David D. , Behr Dominik M. , McNutt John W. , Ozgul Arpat , Cozzi Gabriele 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWhile climate change has been shown to impact several life‐history traits of wild‐living animal populations, little is known about its effects on dispersal and connectivity. Here, we capitalize on the highly variable flooding regime of the Okavango Delta to investigate the impacts of changing environmental conditions on the dispersal and connectivity of the endangered African wild dog (Lycaon pictus). Based on remote sensed flood extents observed over 20 years, we derive two extreme flood scenarios: a minimum and a maximum flood extent, representative of very dry and very wet environmental periods. These conditions are akin to those anticipated under increased climatic variability, as it is expected under climate change. Using a movement model parameterized with GPS data from dispersing individuals, we simulate 12,000 individual dispersal trajectories across the ecosystem under both scenarios and investigate patterns of connectivity. Across the entire ecosystem, surface water coverage during maximum flood extent reduces dispersal success (i.e., the propensity of individuals to disperse between adjacent subpopulations) by 12% and increases dispersal durations by 17%. Locally, however, dispersal success diminishes by as much as 78%. Depending on the flood extent, alternative dispersal corridors emerge, some of which in the immediate vicinity of human‐dominated landscapes. Notably, under maximum flood extent, the number of dispersing trajectories moving into human‐dominated landscapes decreases by 41% at the Okavango Delta's inflow, but increases by 126% at the Delta's distal end. This may drive the amplification of human–wildlife conflict. While predicting the impacts of climate change on environmental conditions on the ground remains challenging, our results highlight that environmental change may have significant consequences for dispersal patterns and connectivity, and ultimately, population viability. Acknowledging and anticipating such impacts will be key to effective conservation strategies and to preserve vital dispersal corridors in light of climate change and other human‐related landscape alterations.
A surgical checklist for optimizing the quality and outcomes of transurethral resection of bladder tumors: A literature review
Authors: Taoka Rikiya , Sugimoto Mikio 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTo preserve the bladder without compromising survival, further treatments need to be optimized to prevent the recurrence and progression of non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer. In clinical practice, transurethral resection of bladder tumors is essential for bladder cancer management. The primary goal of surgery is to achieve accurate pathological evaluation and complete resection of bladder cancer; high resection quality is required for the procedure. A representative surrogate indicator of the resection quality is the presence of the detrusor muscle in the resection specimen. Therefore, complete visual resection of bladder cancer with a muscle layer is crucial for decreasing the recurrence and progression rates of non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer. However, this procedure is complex and requires sufficient experience and knowledge to be performed thoroughly, safely, and efficiently. Surgical checklists represent an approach to filling the knowledge and experience gaps and improving the quality and safety of surgery. By checking items during transurethral resection, it is expected that the recording of risk factors related to recurrence and progression will improve, the rate of visually complete resection with muscles will increase, and the rate of intravesical recurrence will decrease. The simplicity of checklists is an additional benefit. In recent years, surgical checklists have received increasing attention in order to achieve high‐quality resections and reduce disparities between surgeons and institutions. This literature review outlines the evolving treatment strategies for patients with non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer, focusing on surgical checklists for the transurethral resection of bladder tumors.
Estimating the Undetected Burden of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Hospitalizations in Adults Through Capture–Recapture Methods
Authors: Howa Amanda C. , Zhu Yuwei , Wyatt Dayna , Markus Tiffanie , Chappell James D. , Halasa Natasha , Trabue Christopher H. , Schaffner William , Grijalva Carlos G. , Talbot H. Keipp 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionTraditional surveillance systems may underestimate the burden caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Capture–recapture methods provide alternatives for estimating the number of RSV‐related hospitalizations in a population.MethodsCapture–recapture methods were used to estimate the number of RSV‐related hospitalizations in adults in Middle Tennessee from two independent hospitalization surveillance systems during consecutive respiratory seasons from 2016–2017 to 2019–2020. Data from the Hospitalized Adult Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Network (HAIVEN) and the Emerging Infections Program (EIP) were used. Annual RSV hospitalization rates were calculated using the capture–recapture estimates weighted by hospitals' market share divided by the corresponding census population.ResultsUsing capture–recapture methods, the estimated overall adult hospitalization rates varied from 8.3 (95% CI: 5.9–15.4) RSV‐related hospitalizations per 10,000 persons during the 2016–2017 season to 28.4 (95% CI: 18.2–59.0) hospitalizations per 10,000 persons in the 2019–2020 season. The proportion of hospitalizations that HAIVEN determined ranged from 8.7% to 36.7% of the total capture–recapture estimated hospitalization, whereas EIP detected 23.5% to 52.7% of the total capture–recapture estimated hospitalizations.ConclusionCapture–recapture estimates showed that individual traditional surveillance systems underestimated the hospitalization burden in adults. Using capture–recapture allows for a more comprehensive estimate of RSV hospitalizations.
Regulating interfacial diffusion of nanocrystal‐in‐glass composites: Insights from atomistic simulation
Authors: Wan Tianze , Wu Minbo , Pan Qiwen , Deng Lu , Zhang Hao , Huang Xiongjian , Yin Bozhao , Qiu Jianrong , Yang Zhongmin , Dong Guoping 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBy combining the spectroscopic quality of a crystalline phase with the outstanding thermal and chemical stability of the matrix glass, nanocrystal‐in‐glass composites (NGCs) exhibit excellent optical properties. However, strong interfacial diffusion occurs during high‐temperature encapsulation, leading to the erosion of the nanocrystals and detrimental effects on the final performance. The control of interfacial diffusion has so far relied on intuition and experience, with the underlying physical mechanisms remaining largely unknown. In this study, through atomistic simulations and experimental verification, we have developed atomic models of NGCs, revealing the dynamic characteristics of the interface and elucidating how the glass structure can regulate the interface diffusion. Finally, we demonstrate how a tunable interface can be achieved through compositional adjustments of the glass matrix.
Effect of oxygen substitution and oxycarbide formation on oxidation of Ti3AlC2 MAX phase
Authors: Anayee Mark , Shekhirev Mikhail , Wang Ruocun (John) , Gogotsi Yury 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMAX phases, ternary transition metal carbides and nitrides, represent one of the largest families of layered materials. They also serve as precursors to MXenes, two‐dimensional (2D) carbides and nitrides. The possibility of oxygen substitution in the carbon sublattice, forming oxycarbide MAX phases and MXenes, was recently reported using secondary ion mass spectrometry. However, while the effect of oxygen substitution on the properties of MXenes was investigated, little is known about its effect on the properties of MAX phases. Here, we explore the influence of process parameters (e.g., particle size, synthesis temperature, annealing time, etc.) and oxygen presence in the lattice on the oxidation resistance of Ti3AlC2 MAX phase powders. We show that X‐ray diffraction measurements can identify oxygen substitution and assist in selecting MAX precursors to synthesize stable and highly conductive MXenes. Eliminating the substitutional oxygen from the MAX phase lattice increases the onset of oxidation by 400°C, from approximately 490 to 890°C. Finally, we discuss the impact of oxygen substitution in the MAX phases on the synthesis of MXenes and their resulting properties.
Assessing the effects of cold storage regimes of North American Bombus Gynes
Authors: Lindsay Thuy Tien T. , Hagen Marcia M. , Knoblett Joyce N. , Rinehart Joseph P. , Kapheim Karen M. , Strange James P. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBumble bees are the primary commercial pollinators for greenhouse‐grown crops and managing them requires insight into the Bombus life cycle. However, some aspects of the life cycle are not fully understood. Once mated, adult Bombus gynes can be stored for a short term at a constant low temperature (CLT). However, survival rates for some species are low during CLT, particularly when storage periods exceed a month. To address this, we tested the hypothesis that Bombus gynes stored in a fluctuating thermal regime (FTR) have increased survival compared to gynes stored in CLT. Specifically, the FTR had a baseline temperature of 2°C, with a daily fluctuation to 20°C relative to the CLT of 2°C with no warming pulse. We tested the effects of FTR on gyne survival and post‐cold storage lipid content in three species used for commercial pollination in North America: B. vosnesenskii, B. huntii and B. impatiens. We further assessed how additional factors influence cold storage survival, including gyne body weight, body size and colony age. Survival responses varied among species. Bombus vosnesenskii and B. huntii had a lower survival rate in FTR compared to CLT, but B. impatiens gynes had a significantly higher survival rate in FTR. We did not observe significant effects of FTR on lipid stores for any species, but survival increased with an increasing initial weight prior to cold storage. Moreover, gynes produced later in the colony life cycle had lower body weight and decreased survival compared to early emerging gynes. Our study provides insight into how cold storage conditions interact with colony and gyne characteristics to influence captive overwintering survival. Our findings have economic applications for improving commercial rearing and efforts for conservation rearing of at‐risk Bombus species.
Framework to elicit consent from lightly sedated mechanically ventilated intensive care patients in nursing practice
Authors: Onishi Yoko , Murai Yoshiko , Nakajima Emiko 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimThe study aimed to ascertain a framework of nursing practices to elicit consent from lightly sedated ventilated patients.MethodsStudy participants were nurses working in intensive care and critical care wards, whose observations and semi‐structured interviews were assessed using a modified grounded theory approach.ResultsA total of 15 concepts were generated, from which three categories and three subcategories were generated. Category 1: Nurses taking the lead in providing assistance by sharing signs of change while continuing the invasive treatment, working to maintain the patient's life, alleviation of pain, promotion of awareness of the current situation, and acclimating them to the treatment environment as the basis for building a relationship between patients and nurses. Category 2: Searching for points of agreement and reaching a compromise involves the nurse drawing out the patient's thoughts, hopes, and expectations, and transforming the relationship into a patient‐centered one by sharing goals with the patient in order to achieve them. Category 3: Organizing collaboration within care supported the patient's ability to move safely while maintaining the patient's pace to achieve shared goals, and guided the patient's independent actions.ConclusionsEven when patients recover from an acute life‐threatening situation, their physical sensations remain vague and their functional decline continues. Rather than simply eliciting consent from patients, the structure of nursing practice to elicit such response from patients involves drawing out the patient's thoughts, hopes, and expectations, as well as guiding the patient toward goals that they have created together with the nurse and utilizing the patient's strengths to achieve these goals.
Critical race theory and COVID‐19 vaccination: An experimental test of interest convergence
Authors: Trawalter Sophie , Druckman James N. , Henderson Kyshia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCritical Race Theory (CRT) offers crucial insights into the persistence of racism. The theory also identifies the conditions under which White Americans will support policies aimed at redressing racial inequities. According to the tenet of interest convergence, White Americans will support policies aimed at redressing racial inequities when it serves their interests to do so; that is, when their interests converge with those of Black people. Here, we provide an experimental test of interest convergence in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Consistent with interest convergence, we find that White support for race‐conscious policies aimed at redressing COVID‐19 inequities increased when policies were framed as benefiting White people (i.e., a benefits frame). White support decreased when policies were framed as only benefiting Black people and was unmoved by a frame that accentuated systemic racism. Further, the impact of the benefit frame was not moderated by racial attitudes or political ideology. The results offer a sobering reminder that racial progress does not necessarily reflect shifts in White people's prejudice and consciousness, but rather shifts in their interests.
Probiotics enhance alveolar bone microarchitecture, intestinal morphology and estradiol levels in osteoporotic animals
Authors: Lucateli R. L. , Silva P. H. F. , Salvador S. L. , Ervolino E. , Furlaneto F. A. C. , Marciano M. A. , Antunes T. B. M. , Del Arco M. C. G. , Tardelli M. D. C. , de Sousa L. G. , Messora M. R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveOsteoporosis is associated with bone microarchitecture alterations, and the depletion of estrogen during menopause is a major contributing factor to its development. The literature highlights the noteworthy role of gut microbiota in bone metabolism, particularly in the progression of osteoporosis. Periodontal disease leads to alveolar bone loss, which may be influenced by estrogen deficiency, and this mechanism is intricately associated with an imbalance in systemic microbiota. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 (B. lactis HN019) and Lacticaseibacillus casei 01 (L. casei 01) administrations on an osteoporosis animal model.Materials and MethodsThirty‐three female rats were randomly divided into three groups: control (C‐OVX), C‐OVX‐HN019 and C‐OVX‐LC01. All animals were ovariectomized. In groups C‐OVX‐HN019 and C‐OVX‐LC01, the probiotics were administered for 4 months. All animals were euthanized after 16 weeks from ovariectomy. Microtomographic, histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations were conducted on periodontal tissues, whereas histomorphometry, histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses were carried out on the intestine. The levels of estradiol were assessed in blood using an immunoenzymatic assay. The data were subjected to statistical analyses (p < .05).ResultsThe C‐OVX‐LC01 group exhibited a significant reduction in alveolar bone porosity and an increase in connective tissue density compared to C‐OVX (p < .05). The C‐OVX‐HN019 and C‐OVX‐LC01 groups presented reduced expression of TRAP and RANKL compared to the C‐OVX (p < .05). The C‐OVX group presented villi defects, mild neutrophil infiltration, decrease in both villous height and intestinal crypts and reduced expression of intestinal junctional epithelium markers e‐cadherin and claudin 01 compared to C‐OVX‐HN019 and C‐OVX‐LC01 (p < .05). The C‐OVX group had lower estradiol levels than C‐OVX‐HN019 and C‐OVX‐LC01 (p < .05).ConclusionThe probiotic therapy promoted a reduction in alveolar bone destruction and intestinal permeability as well as an increase in estradiol levels in ovariectomized rats. Specifically, the probiotic strain Lacticaseibacillus casei 01 exhibited greater effectiveness compared to Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019, indicating strain‐dependent outcomes.
How Christian Leaders Navigate Race After George Floyd's Murder: A Study of Unsettled Times
Authors: Kalinowski Brenton , Schneider Rachel , Ecklund Elaine Howard 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe murder of George Floyd in 2020 and subsequent calls for a reckoning with systematic racism forced many religious leaders to confront the question of how to talk about race in their congregations to an extent not seen in the 21st century. We argue that this period reflects an “unsettled time” and prompted several types of leadership responses, which we have identified through interviews with Christian religious leaders. Among leaders of non‐Black congregations, we find three common responses: feeling called to openly take a stand against racial injustice, cautiously engaging the issue but experiencing tensions in one's congregation, and avoidance by claiming that racial justice is primarily a political issue that should only be addressed in religious contexts as far as it relates to biblical teachings. Finally, we find a more consistent assumption of the need to address racial injustice among the leaders of majority Black congregations.