bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Multiple Ethyl Methanesulfonate-MutagenizedCaenorhabditis elegansStrains by Whole-Genome Sequencing
Authors: Sarin Sumeet , Bertrand Vincent , Bigelow Henry , Boyanov Alexander , Doitsidou Maria , Poole Richard J , Narula Surinder , Hobert Oliver 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWhole-genome sequencing (WGS) of organisms displaying a specific mutant phenotype is a powerful approach to identify the genetic determinants of a plethora of biological processes. We have previously validated the feasibility of this approach by identifying a point-mutated locus responsible for a specific phenotype, observed in an ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-mutagenized Caenorhabditis elegans strain. Here we describe the genome-wide mutational profile of 17 EMS-mutagenized genomes as assessed with a bioinformatic pipeline, called MAQGene. Surprisingly, we find that while outcrossing mutagenized strains does reduce the total number of mutations, a striking mutational load is still observed even in outcrossed strains. Such genetic complexity has to be taken into account when establishing a causative relationship between genotype and phenotype. Even though unintentional, the 17 sequenced strains described here provide a resource of allelic variants in almost 1000 genes, including 62 premature stop codons, which represent candidate knockout alleles that will be of further use for the C. elegans community to study gene function.
Whole-Genome Profiling of Mutagenesis inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Flibotte Stephane , Edgley Mark L , Chaudhry Iasha , Taylor Jon , Neil Sarah E , Rogula Aleksandra , Zapf Rick , Hirst Martin , Butterfield Yaron , Jones Steven J , Marra Marco A , Barstead Robert J , Moerman Donald G 
Published: May 2010

AbstractDeep sequencing offers an unprecedented view of an organism's genome. We describe the spectrum of mutations induced by three commonly used mutagens: ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU), and ultraviolet trimethylpsoralen (UV/TMP) in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Our analysis confirms the strong GC to AT transition bias of EMS. We found that ENU mainly produces A to T and T to A transversions, but also all possible transitions. We found no bias for any specific transition or transversion in the spectrum of UV/TMP-induced mutations. In 10 mutagenized strains we identified 2723 variants, of which 508 are expected to alter or disrupt gene function, including 21 nonsense mutations and 10 mutations predicted to affect mRNA splicing. This translates to an average of 50 informative mutations per strain. We also present evidence of genetic drift among laboratory wild-type strains derived from the Bristol N2 strain. We make several suggestions for best practice using massively parallel short read sequencing to ensure mutation detection.
Genome-Wide Association Studies and the Problem of Relatedness Among Advanced Intercross Lines and Other Highly Recombinant Populations
Authors: Cheng Riyan , Lim Jackie E , Samocha Kaitlin E , Sokoloff Greta , Abney Mark , Skol Andrew D , Palmer Abraham A 
Published: May 2010

AbstractModel organisms offer many advantages for the genetic analysis of complex traits. However, identification of specific genes is often hampered by a lack of recombination between the genomes of inbred progenitors. Recently, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in humans have offered gene-level mapping resolution that is possible because of the large number of accumulated recombinations among unrelated human subjects. To obtain analogous improvements in mapping resolution in mice, we used a 34th generation advanced intercross line (AIL) derived from two inbred strains (SM/J and LG/J). We used simulations to show that familial relationships among subjects must be accounted for when analyzing these data; we then used a mixed model that included polygenic effects to address this problem in our own analysis. Using a combination of F2 and AIL mice derived from the same inbred progenitors, we identified genome-wide significant, subcentimorgan loci that were associated with methamphetamine sensitivity, (e.g., chromosome 18; LOD = 10.5) and non-drug-induced locomotor activity (e.g., chromosome 8; LOD = 18.9). The 2-LOD support interval for the former locus contains no known genes while the latter contains only one gene (Csmd1). This approach is broadly applicable in terms of phenotypes and model organisms and allows GWAS to be performed in multigenerational crosses between and among inbred strains where familial relatedness is often unavoidable.
Serial Measurements of Lung Function in a Cohort of Young Children With Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Authors: Fakhoury Khoulood F. , Sellers Charles , Smith E. O'Brian , Rama Jennifer A. , Fan Leland L. 
Published: May 2010

OBJECTIVE:We aimed to prospectively and longitudinally measure lung function in a cohort of children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) during their first 3 years of life.METHODS:Forty-four children with BPD with a mean (±SD) gestational age of 25.6 (±1.7) weeks and birth weight of 0.767 (±0.2) kg underwent serial measurements of lung function (maximum flow at functional residual capacity [VmaxFRC] and functional residual capacity [FRC]) at 6, 12, and 24 months after initial discharge from the neonatal care unit.RESULTS:Compared with normative data, children with BPD had low partial expiratory airflow, measured by VmaxFRC, with mean z score (±SD) of −1.92 (±1.04), −1.79 (±1.5), and −1.67 (±1.5) at 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively. Over time there was no significant improvement in z scores (P = .66), and 45% of the patients had a z score value of less than −2 (2 SDs below the mean) at the end of the study. FRC measurements steadily and significantly increased over time. Partial expiratory flow showed no correlation with gestational age, birth weight, or length of mechanical ventilation. Mean FRC was significantly higher in children who were using bronchodilators and inhaled steroids but showed no correlation with clinical symptoms. Bronchodilator response was initially present in 30% of the patients and declined to 20% at the end of the study.CONCLUSIONS:During the first 3 years of life, children with mostly moderate-to-severe BPD continue to show significant abnormalities with airflow limitation according to lung-function testing.
Defining the Reference Range for Oxygen Saturation for Infants After Birth
Authors: Dawson Jennifer A. , Kamlin C. Omar F. , Vento Maximo , Wong Connie , Cole Tim J. , Donath Susan M. , Davis Peter G. , Morley Colin J. 
Published: May 2010

OBJECTIVE:
The goal was to define reference ranges for pulse oxygen saturation (Spo2) values in the first 10 minutes after birth for infants who received no medical intervention in the delivery room.

METHODS:
Infants were eligible if a member of the research team was available to record Spo2 immediately after birth. Infants were excluded if they received supplemental oxygen or any type of assisted ventilation. Spo2 was measured with a sensor applied to the right hand or wrist as soon as possible after birth; data were collected every 2 seconds.

RESULTS:
We studied 468 infants and recorded 61650 Spo2 data points. The infants had a mean ± SD gestational age of 38 ± 4 weeks and birth weight of 2970 ± 918 g. For all 468 infants, the 3rd, 10th, 50th, 90th, and 97th percentile values at 1 minute were 29%, 39%, 66%, 87%, and 92%, respectively, those at 2 minutes were 34%, 46%, 73%, 91%, and 95%, and those at 5 minutes were 59%, 73%, 89%, 97%, and 98%. It took a median of 7.9 minutes (interquartile range: 5.0–10 minutes) to reach a Spo2 value of &gt;90%. Spo2 values for preterm infants increased more slowly than those for term infants. We present percentile charts for all infants, term infants of ≥37 weeks, preterm infants of 32 to 36 weeks, and extremely preterm infants of &lt;32 weeks.

CONCLUSION:
These data represent reference ranges for Spo2 in the first 10 minutes after birth for preterm and term infants.
Special Health Care Needs of Infants Born at the Limits of Viability
Authors: Stephens Bonnie E. , Tucker Richard , Vohr Betty R. 
Published: May 2010

OBJECTIVE:The objective of this study was to compare rates of survival and special health care needs (SHCN) from discharge to 18 months' corrected age between infants who were born between 22 and 24 weeks and 25 and 27 weeks and to determine predictors and persistence of SHCN.METHODS:Data were collected on 508 infants who were born between 22 and 27 weeks from January 1, 1998, to December 31, 2002 at Women and Infants Hospital. SHCN was defined as need for home oxygen, medication, monitor, gastrostomy tube, or ventriculoperitoneal shunt. χ2 was used to compare rates of survival and SHCN between groups. Regression analyses explored predictors of SHCN and their persistence.RESULTS:Survival at 22 to 24 weeks was 53% vs 90% at 25 to 27 weeks. There were no 22-week survivors. Survivors at 23 to 24 weeks were more likely to be discharged on oxygen, a monitor, or medications; remain on oxygen or a monitor or require tube feeds at 18 months; and have a SHCN at any time than survivors who were born at 25 to 27 weeks. The strongest predictor of SHCN at discharge was chronic lung disease and at 18 months was public health insurance.CONCLUSIONS:Rates of SHCN were high for infants who were born at the limits of viability. Although rates decreased with increasing age, 40% had persistent SCHN at 18 months. The association of public health insurance with persistent SHCN indicates a need for comprehensive health care and support services for infants with combined biological and environmental risks.
Prophylactic or Early Selective Surfactant Combined With nCPAP in Very Preterm Infants
Authors: Sandri Fabrizio , Plavka Richard , Ancora Gina , Simeoni Umberto , Stranak Zbyněk , Martinelli Stefano , Mosca Fabio , Nona José , Thomson Merran , Verder Henrik , Fabbri Laura , Halliday Henry ,   for the CURPAP Study Group
Published: May 2010

OBJECTIVE:
Early surfactant followed by extubation to nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) compared with later surfactant and mechanical ventilation (MV) reduce the need for MV, air leaks, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. This randomized, controlled trial investigated whether prophylactic surfactant followed by nCPAP compared with early nCPAP application with early selective surfactant would reduce the need for MV in the first 5 days of life.

METHODS:
A total of 208 inborn infants who were born at 25 to 28 weeks' gestation and were not intubated at birth were randomly assigned to prophylactic surfactant or nCPAP within 30 minutes of birth. Outcomes were assessed within the first 5 days of life and until death or discharge of the infants from hospital.

RESULTS:
Thirty-three (31.4%) infants in the prophylactic surfactant group needed MV in the first 5 days of life compared with 34 (33.0%) in the nCPAP group (risk ratio: 0.95 [95% confidence interval: 0.64–1.41]; P = .80). Death and type of survival at 28 days of life and 36 weeks' postmenstrual age and incidence of main morbidities of prematurity (secondary outcomes) were similar in the 2 groups. A total of 78.1% of infants in the prophylactic surfactant group and 78.6% in the nCPAP group survived in room air at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age.

CONCLUSIONS:
Prophylactic surfactant was not superior to nCPAP and early selective surfactant in decreasing the need for MV in the first 5 days of life and the incidence of main morbidities of prematurity in spontaneously breathing very preterm infants on nCPAP.
Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease and Risks for Cardiovascular Diseases and Blood Diseases
Authors: Hailer Yasmin D. , Montgomery Scott M. , Ekbom Anders , Nilsson Olof S. , Bahmanyar Shahram 
Published: May 2010

OBJECTIVE:
We hypothesized that patients with Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD) might have higher risks of cardiovascular and blood diseases.

METHODS:
A total of 3141 patients, 2 to 15 years of age, with LCPD diagnosed between 1965 and 2005 were identified with the Swedish Inpatient Register. A total of 15 595 individuals without LCPD were selected randomly from among the Swedish general population, with matching according to year of birth, age, gender, and region of residence. Cox proportional-hazard regression analyses, with adjustment for socioeconomic index, were used to estimate relative risks. The patients also were compared with their same-gender siblings.

RESULTS:
Patients with LCPD had a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.70 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.39–2.09) for cardiovascular diseases, compared with individuals without LCPD. The point estimate was slightly higher among subjects &gt;30 years of age at the follow-up (HR: 2.10 [95% CI: 1.52–2.91]). There were statistically significantly higher risks for blood diseases, including anemias and coagulation defects (HR: 1.41 [95% CI: 1.07–1.86]), which were more pronounced among subjects &gt;30 years of age at the follow-up (HR: 2.70 [95% CI: 1.50–4.84]). Patients also had statistically significantly higher risks of hypertensive disease (HR: 2.97 [95% CI: 1.87–4.72]) and nutritional anemia (HR: 2.92 [95% CI: 1.58–5.40]). Analyses using siblings as the comparison group showed consistent results for cardiovascular diseases.

CONCLUSION:
The results are consistent with the hypothesis that an insufficient blood supply to the femoral head, attributable to vascular pathologic conditions, is involved in the pathogenesis of LCPD.
Change in Tunnel Heading in the Formosan Subterranean Termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) in Response to Movement Through Opened Space
Authors: Bardunias Paul , Su Nan-Yao 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Subterranean termites excavate tunnel patterns that radiate outward from a point of origin along vectors generated by path integration. Upon encountering open space, the tunnel heads away from the new site. In this study we forced termite excavators to travel from an introduction chamber through a tube with a 90° bend before entering a sand-filled arena, an opened chamber with perpendicular openings that forced a 90° turn before access to the arena, or an open chamber with an odor trail left by previous termites traveling through the opened chamber connecting the perpendicular openings. When forced to move through an opened chamber with no odor trail, the termites tunnelled away from the second chamber, not the introduction chamber. In contrast, when a path is either constrained inside a tube or demarcated by odor trail the path was more likely to head away from the first chamber, suggesting that they are not responding to a cue derived from an intrinsic value of open space. The discontinuation of their perceived path as they traveled through the open space seems to have caused an updating of the path integrator. The location of the deposition of excavated sand from the arena within the tube and chamber system varied, with sand found only in the second chamber when the path was broken. The cues that cause an updating of the path integrator also may stimulate sand deposition.
Temperature and Photoperiodic Effects on Induction and Termination of Diapause in Female Leptocorisa chinensis (Hemiptera: Alydidae)
Authors: Yamashita Ken-Ichi , Takabayashi Junji , Miura Kazuki 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The effects of temperature and photoperiod on diapause induction and termination in Leptocorisa chinensis Dallas (Hemiptera: Alydidae) were studied under constant conditions or by using transfer experimental protocols. Nymphs were reared either under a long-day (16:8 [L:D] h) or a short-day (12:12 [L:D] h) photoperiod at 25°C in the laboratory. Females oviposited at 25 and 20°C under the long-day photoperiod. However, females did not lay eggs within 100 d at 15°C under the long-day photoperiod or at 20 and 15°C under short-day conditions. At 25°C, when nymphs were reared under a long-day photoperiod and transferred to a short-day photoperiod on the day of adult emergence, females started oviposition in 10 d but stopped shortly thereafter. When nymphs were reared under a short-day photoperiod and transferred to a long-day photoperiod on the day of adult emergence, females started oviposition in ≈40 d. Females that had been transferred from the field on 1 February and 29 March to long-day laboratory conditions at 25°C started oviposition in ≈40 d. However, females that had overwintered in the field were transferred to a short-day photoperiod at 25°C on 1 February and 29 March did not start oviposition in the laboratory. Both the nymphal and adult stages of L. chinensis are considered to be sensitive to reproductive diapause induction and termination signals both before and after overwintering. Female L. chinensis require not only a long-day photoperiod and &gt;40 d at temperature of 20°C or higher but also threshold temperatures for start of oviposition, even after the winter.
Variation in the Shape of Genital Appendages Along a Transect Through Sympatric and Allopatric Areas of Two Brachypterous Grasshoppers, Parapodisma setouchiensis and Parapodisma subastris (Orthoptera: Podisminae)
Authors: Kawakami Yasushi , Tatsuta Haruki 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Divergence in genital traits between closely related species is occasionally greater in sympatry than in allopatry, possibly because directional selection facilitates differentiation so as to prevent unfit hybridization. Here, we report for the first time that the shape of a functional genital structure, cercus, differs markedly between sympatrically and allopatrically occurring individuals in two brachypterous grasshopper species, Parapodisma setouchiensis Inoue 1979 and Parapodisma subastris Huang 1983 (Orthoptera: Podisminae). Although in areas of allopatry the cerci were straight in both species, in areas of sympatry the cerci of P. setouchiensis had an almost orthogonal bend. Furthermore, the angles of curvature of the cerci of P. setouchiensis varied continuously along a transect through sympatric and allopatric areas. We also observed copulation behavior in pairs and found that the apical part of the cerci was inserted into the space between the posterior edges of the seventh abdominal sternite and the seventh abdominal tergite of the female. We suggest that the orthogonally bent cerci allows the male to obtain a firm grip on the female's abdomen and propose that the conspicuous variation in the cerci of P. setouchiensis contributes to the strength of reinforcement of a premating isolation system.
A Cytogenetic Approach to the Study of Neotropical Odontomachus and Anochetus Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Santos Igor S , Costa Marco A , Mariano Clea S F , Delabie Jacques H C , Andrade-Souza Vanderly , Silva Janisete G 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Odontomachus (Latreille) and Anochetus (Mayr) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae) are closely related pantropical genera of ponerine ants that share morphological and behavioral characteristics. A comparative study was carried out using conventional Giemsa staining, fluorochrome staining, and fluorescent in situ hybridization. Karyotypes revealed a higher stability in chromosome number among Odontomachus species than among Anochetus species. We observed a higher frequency of metacentric chromosomes in the karyotypes of Anochetus compared with the more common telocentrics of Odontomachus species. Differences in the localization of rDNA genes on chromosomes between the two genera also were verified, rDNA genes were found on telocentric and submetacentric chromosomes in Anochetus and on telocentric chromosomes in Odontomachus. Our cytogenetic results lend support to Brown's hypothesis that Odontomachus has evolved from a lineage of Anochetus. The karyotype divergence of both genera can be explained by a model of evolution in which there is a tendency to the increase of chromosome number by centric fission. Supporting evidence for this hypothesis is discussed.
A New Species ofTaosa(Hemiptera: Dictyopharidae) from South America Associated with Water Hyacinth
Authors: Lenicov Ana M De Remes , Hernández M Cristina 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA new species of Taosa (Hemiptera: Dictyopharidae) is described, All the stages were collected on the aquatic weed Eichhornia crassipes (Martius) Solms-Laubach (Pontederiaceae) at several localities on the Paraguay River in Argentina, and in the upper Amazon River in Perú. Taosa (Cuernavaca) longula Remes Lenicov sp. nov. is distinguished by the following coloration pattern and morphological features: uniform green coloration with apair of lateral small dark spots on mesonotum, vertex subquadrate with a closed triangular facet well defined on apex, and a long anal segment; in male, the shape and relative length of parameres, the tubular aedeagus with a pair of ventral spinose processes recurved upward; in the female, the length, shape and denticulation of the first valvulae of the ovipositor, To facilitate the comparison of the new species with the morphologically allied, Taosa inexacta (Walker) and Taosa herbida (Walker 1851), a key is included. Further information on reproductive and feeding behavior, host plants, and geographical distribution of this species are given.
Review and Key to the World Parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) of Greenideinae Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae), Including Notes on Invasive Pest Species
Authors: Starý Petr , Rakhshani Ehsan , Havelka Jan , Tomanović Željko , Kavallieratos Nikolas G , Sharkey Michael 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA review and illustrated key of the aphidiine parasitoids of Greenideinae aphids is presented including their distribution. Fissicaudus thailandicus Starý & Rakhshani sp. nov. from Thailand is described and figured. Parabioxys songbaiensis Shi & Chen is redescribed based on reared specimens from North Korea. Faunal peculiarities and relationships of the taxa are discussed together with a synopsis of their potential as biocontrol agents.
Effects of Temperature and Controlled Atmospheres on Codling Moth Metabolism
Authors: Neven Lisa G , Hansen Lee D 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAlthough controlled atmosphere temperature treatments are effective in controlling codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), in fruit, the mechanism by which this combination treatment kills the larvae is unknown. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to determine the effects of elevated temperatures, low O2, and high CO2 on the metabolic heat rate of fifth-instar codling moths. Total ATP levels also were determined. Metabolic heat rates in air increased from 0 to 30°C and decreased above 30°C. Heat rates measured isothermally at 23°C under decreased O2 or increased CO2 were lower than those in air with the lowest in 1 kPa O2 and 1 kPa O2 + 15 kPa CO2, Continuous temperature scans from 23 to 44.5°C under low O2 and high CO2 atmospheres produced lower metabolic heat rates than scans under air. Low O2 atmospheres produced the lowest ATP levels, and high concentrations of CO2 produced the highest ATP levels. These results indicate that heat treatments under controlled atmospheres have a dramatic effect on codling moth metabolism, low O2 prevents ATP synthesis, and high CO2 prevents use of ATP.