bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population decline of the Black-bellied Sandgrouse Pterocles orientalis in continental Spain, a main western Palearctic stronghold
Authors: Mougeot François , Fernández-Tizón Mario , Tarjuelo Rocío , Benítez-López Ana , Jiménez José 
Published: April 2024

Summary
Many European farmland bird populations are rapidly declining because of agricultural intensification and land-use changes. Robust estimates of population sizes and trends, habitat use, and protected area coverage within the distribution range are crucial to inform the conservation and management of threatened species. Here we report on the results of the 2019 Black-bellied Sandgrouse Pterocles orientalis (BBS) survey promoted and coordinated by SEO/BirdLife to update its breeding distribution, population size, and trends in continental Spain. A total of 660 grid cells, 10 × 10 km, Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM), were surveyed (81% of the distribution area), with 2,257 visits to 1,750 walked transects (7,001 km in total; 10.6 km per UTM). BBS was detected in 43% of sampled UTMs. At transect level, occupancy was 11% higher inside protected areas. At UTM level, occupancy was estimated at 0.58 (Bayesian credible interval [BCI] 95%: 0.55–0.61), revealing that BBS occupied about half of its previous breeding range (2003–2005). Using hierarchical distance sampling modelling, we estimated an average density of 1.33 individuals/km2 in occupied areas, and a population of 4,025 individuals (confidence interval: 1,840–7,609) within sampled areas, with an additional 697 individuals (confidence interval 461–1,075) in areas that were not surveyed. Further, the relative abundance of BBS (Kilometric Abundance Index) declined by 63% between 2005 and 2019 (annual decline rate of 4.5%). BBS used agricultural habitats (73%) and unprotected areas (54%) despite a higher occupancy within protected areas. Given the recent decline rate and persistent threats, the BBS conservation status should be upgraded to “Endangered” in peninsular Spain. Its future depends on land-use changes and agricultural practices, in particular the maintenance of fallows, semi-natural habitats, and pastures for extensive grazing. Better protection of important areas and targeted conservation initiatives should be promoted to halt and reverse the population decline in this key western Palearctic stronghold.
In Fairness to Nottebohm: Nationality in an Age of Globalization
Authors: OLMEDO Javier García 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The Nottebohm judgment from the International Court of Justice (ICJ) has recently come under attack in the context of the European Commission's position on “golden passports” programmes. The judgment has long received intense criticism from a consensus of scholars. This article challenges the conventional wisdom of Nottebohm. The ICJ did not, as critics argue, depart from international law on nationality, nor did it seek to create an international rule based on a “genuine link” requirement. A closer look at the majority's reasoning reveals that the ICJ's conception of nationality as something more than a mere formal classification was prompted by problems that can arise precisely from the phenomenon of globalization, including the instrumentalization of nationality. It further shows that the “substance-over-form” approach adopted by Nottebohm may, or already does, operate in more contemporary contexts.
Leveraging capacity for transformative sustainability science: a theory of change from the Future Earth Pathways Initiative
Authors: Marciniak Gilles , Urbach Davnah , Schneider Flurina , Krug Cornelia , de Bremond Ariane , Stafford-Smith Mark , Selomane Odirilwe , Fenn Rebecca , Chong Natalie , Paillard Sandrine 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Non-technical summary
To address increasingly pressing social–environmental challenges, the transformative strand of sustainability science seeks to move beyond a descriptive-analytical stance in order to explore and contribute to the implementation of radical alternatives to dominant and unsustainable paradigms, norms, and values. However, in many cases, academia is not currently structured to support and reward inter-/trans-disciplinary and transformative endeavors. This paper introduces a theory of change for the Future Earth Pathways Initiative, and similar initiatives, to help leverage the capacity of sustainability scientists to engage in transformative research.

Technical summary
The increasing body of descriptive-analytical knowledge produced by sustainability science over the last two decades has largely failed to trigger the transformation of policies, norms, and behaviors it was aiming to inform. The emergent transformative strand of sustainability science is a proactive alternative approach seeking to play an active role in processes of societal change by developing knowledge about options, solutions, and pathways, and by participating in their implementation. In principle, scientists can enhance their contribution to more sustainable futures by engaging in transformative research. However, a lack of skills and competencies, relatively unmatured transformative methods and concepts, and an institutional landscape still geared toward disciplinary and descriptive-analytical research, still hinders the sustainability science community from engaging more widely in transformative research. In this paper, the Future Earth Pathways Initiative introduces a theory of change (ToC) for increasing the capacity of sustainability scientists to engage in this type of research. This ToC ultimately aims to build a growing community of practitioners engaged in transformative research, to advance concepts, methods, and paradigms to foster ‘fit-for-purpose transformative research’, and to shape institutions to nurture transformative research-friendly contexts.

Social media summary
What would a theory of change for leveraging the transformative capacity of sustainability science look like?
Temporal Evolution of O+ Population in the Near‐Earth Plasma Sheet During Geomagnetic Storms as Observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission
Authors: Regoli L. H. , Gkioulidou M. , Ohtani S. , Raptis S. , Mouikis C. G. , Kistler L. M. , Cohen I. J. , Fuselier S. A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDuring geomagnetic storms, the increase in energy input into the ionosphere in the form of Poynting flux and electron precipitation leads to an enhanced ionospheric outflow that results in an increase of the O+ content in the magnetosphere. Using different missions and instrumentation, two main ionospheric sources have been identified for the oxygen ions reaching the inner magnetosphere during geomagnetic storms: the dayside cusp, and the night side auroral region. Evidence of both pathways have been presented in the literature. However, the relative contribution of each of these pathways to the enhancement of O+ observed in near‐Earth plasma sheet, as well as the dynamics involved during the development of geomagnetic storms remains an open question. Here, we present the first statistical study to date to address this question, in the form of a superposed epoch analysis of O+ and H+ moments obtained by the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission throughout the main phase of 90 geomagnetic storms with a minimum SYM‐H of at least −50 nT. The results show a clear increase in the oxygen density in the near‐Earth plasma sheet, with values further from Earth remaining low. Temperature values for both species show an increase with the progress of the storms. These results combined suggest that, during the main phase of geomagnetic storms, most of the oxygen ions observed in the near‐Earth plasma sheet are traveling directly from the nightside auroral region.
Preserving Tracer Correlations in Moment‐Based Atmospheric Transport Models
Authors: McGraw Robert , Yang Fan , Fierce Laura M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA linear non‐diffusive algorithm for advective transport is developed that greatly improves the detail at which aerosols and clouds can be represented in atmospheric models. Linear advection schemes preserve tracer correlations but the most basic linear scheme is rarely used by atmospheric modelers on account of its excessive numerical diffusion. Higher‐order schemes are in widespread use, but these present new problems as nonlinear adjustments are required to avoid occurrences of negative concentrations, spurious oscillations, and other non‐physical effects. Generally successful at reducing numerical diffusion during the advection of individual tracers, for example, particle number or mass, the higher‐order schemes fail to preserve even the simplest of correlations between interrelated tracers. As a result, important attributes of aerosol and cloud populations including radial moments of particle size distributions, molecular precursors related through chemical equilibria, aerosol mixing state, and distribution of cloud phase are poorly represented. We introduce a new transport scheme, minVAR, that is both non‐diffusive and preservative of tracer correlations, thereby combining the best features of the basic and higher‐order schemes while enabling new features such as the tracking of sub‐grid information at arbitrarily fine scales with high computational efficiency.
Perennial and Non‐Perennial Streamflow Regime Shifts Across California, USA
Authors: Ayers Jessica R. , Yarnell Sarah M. , Baruch Ethan , Lusardi Robert A. , Grantham Theodore E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDespite rises in drought frequency and human water demands, streamflow regime shifts from perennial to non‐perennial have not been evaluated in many arid/semi‐arid regions. To document shifts, we created a methodology that classifies streams as naturally perennial or non‐perennial. Our classification used historical, minimally disturbed‐quality USGS streamflow gages (1950–2015) across California. The number of consecutive zero flow days (≥5 days) was used to classify 61% (96/158) and 39% (62/158) of gages as perennial and non‐perennial, respectively. We developed a random forest model to predict flow regime class based on climate and watershed characteristics. To identify regime shifts, we compared the observed class of contemporary (1980–2023) minimally disturbed and disturbed gages with their modeled, natural class. For most minimally disturbed gages, the observed and natural predicted classes were the same, but 13% (7/52) of gages had a modeled perennial regime with an observed non‐perennial class, indicating a drying trend. Among disturbed gages, 22% (64/290) shifted from perennial to non‐perennial and 7% (21/290) from non‐perennial to perennial. Trends in the minimum 7‐day moving average and number of zero‐flow days provided further evidence of drying at minimally disturbed streams, but no pattern at disturbed gages. Our results indicate that few minimally disturbed perennial streams have become non‐perennial to date, but many streams have experienced drying from climate. Streams impacted by human activities had greater drying rates, but regulation has caused some non‐perennial streams to become perennial. By quantifying expected natural streamflow regimes, this work can help monitor, manage, and conserve stream ecosystems.
The Impact of Grain‐Size Distributions of Iron‐Oxides on Paleomagnetic Measurements
Authors: Out Frenk , de Boer Rosa A. , Walmsley John , de Groot Lennart V. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMagnetic signals in igneous rocks arise from assemblages of iron‐oxide bearing minerals that differ in for example, size, shape, and chemistry. Paleomagnetic measurements on bulk samples measure millions of such grains simultaneously, producing a statistical ensemble of the magnetic moments of the individual grains. Scanning magnetometry techniques such as the Quantum Diamond Microscope (QDM) measure magnetic signals on micrometer scales, allowing the identification of magnetic moments of individual grains in a sample using for example, Micromagnetic Tomography (MMT). Here we produce a grain‐size distribution of iron‐oxides in a typical Hawaiian basalt from the superparamagnetic threshold (∼40 nm) to grains with a diameter of 10 µm. This grain‐size distribution is obtained by combining FIB‐SEM and MicroCT data from sister specimens, and normalizing them to the mineral surface area of non‐magnetic minerals. Then we use this grain‐size distribution to determine the contributions of individual magnetic carriers to bulk magnetic measurements and surface magnetometry. We found that measurements on bulk samples are sensitive to relatively small grain sizes in the realm of single domain or vortex states (<200 nm), while signals in surface magnetometry arise mainly from larger grains with diameters >1 µm. This implies that bulk measurements cannot be compared straightforwardly to signals from surface magnetometry from the same sample. Moreover, our observations explain why MMT results are insensitive to the presence of many small grains in a sample that intuitively should hamper their outcome.
Loss of TRIM29 mitigates viral myocarditis by attenuating PERK-driven ER stress response in male mice
Authors: Wang Junying , Lu Wenting , Zhang Jerry , Du Yong , Fang Mingli , Zhang Ao , Sungcad Gabriel , Chon Samantha , Xing Junji 
Published: April 2024

AbstractViral myocarditis, an inflammatory disease of the myocardium, is a significant cause of sudden death in children and young adults. The current coronavirus disease 19 pandemic emphasizes the need to understand the pathogenesis mechanisms and potential treatment strategies for viral myocarditis. Here, we found that TRIM29 was highly induced by cardiotropic viruses and promoted protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)-mediated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) responses that promote viral replication in cardiomyocytes in vitro. TRIM29 deficiency protected mice from viral myocarditis by promoting cardiac antiviral functions and reducing PERK-mediated inflammation and immunosuppressive monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (mMDSC) in vivo. Mechanistically, TRIM29 interacted with PERK to promote SUMOylation of PERK to maintain its stability, thereby promoting PERK-mediated signaling pathways. Finally, we demonstrated that the PERK inhibitor GSK2656157 mitigated viral myocarditis by disrupting the TRIM29-PERK connection, thereby bolstering cardiac function, enhancing cardiac antiviral responses, and curbing inflammation and immunosuppressive mMDSC in vivo. Our findings offer insight into how cardiotropic viruses exploit TRIM29-regulated PERK signaling pathways to instigate viral myocarditis, suggesting that targeting the TRIM29-PERK axis could mitigate disease severity.
Comparative quantum-classical dynamics of natural and synthetic molecular rotors show how vibrational synchronization modulates the photoisomerization quantum efficiency
Authors: Blanco-Gonzalez Alejandro , Manathunga Madushanka , Yang Xuchun , Olivucci Massimo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe use quantum-classical trajectories to investigate the origin of the different photoisomerization quantum efficiency observed in the dim-light visual pigment Rhodopsin and in the light-driven biomimetic molecular rotor para-methoxy N-methyl indanylidene-pyrrolinium (MeO-NAIP) in methanol. Our results reveal that effective light-energy conversion requires, in general, an auxiliary molecular vibration (called promoter) that does not correspond to the rotary motion but synchronizes with it at specific times. They also reveal that Nature has designed Rhodopsin to exploit two mechanisms working in a vibrationally coherent regime. The first uses a wag promoter to ensure that ca. 75% of the absorbed photons lead to unidirectional rotations. The second mechanism ensures that the same process is fast enough to avoid directional randomization. It is found that MeO-NAIP in methanol is incapable of exploiting the above mechanisms resulting into a 50% quantum efficiency loss. However, when the solvent is removed, MeO-NAIP rotation is predicted to synchronize with a ring-inversion promoter leading to a 30% increase in quantum efficiency and, therefore, biomimetic behavior.
Consummating ion desolvation in hard carbon anodes for reversible sodium storage
Authors: Lu Ziyang , Yang Huijun , Guo Yong , Lin Hongxin , Shan Peizhao , Wu Shichao , He Ping , Yang Yong , Yang Quan-Hong , Zhou Haoshen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHard carbons are emerging as the most viable anodes to support the commercialization of sodium-ion (Na-ion) batteries due to their competitive performance. However, the hard carbon anode suffers from low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE), and the ambiguous Na-ion (Na+) storage mechanism and interfacial chemistry fail to give a reasonable interpretation. Here, we have identified the time-dependent ion pre-desolvation on the nanopore of hard carbons, which significantly affects the Na+ storage efficiency by altering the solvation structure of electrolytes. Consummating the pre-desolvation by extending the aging time, generates a highly aggregated electrolyte configuration inside the nanopore, resulting in negligible reductive decomposition of electrolytes. When applying the above insights, the hard carbon anodes achieve a high average ICE of 98.21% in the absence of any Na supplementation techniques. Therefore, the negative-to-positive capacity ratio can be reduced to 1.02 for full cells, which enables an improved energy density. The insight into hard carbons and related interphases may be extended to other battery systems and support the continued development of battery technology.
Cross-species spill-over potential of the H9N2 bat influenza A virus
Authors: El-Shesheny Rabeh , Franks John , Kandeil Ahmed , Badra Rebecca , Turner Jasmine , Seiler Patrick , Marathe Bindumadhav M. , Jeevan Trushar , Kercher Lisa , Hu Meng , Sim Yul Eum , Hui Kenrie P. Y. , Chan Michael C. W. , Thompson Andrew J. , McKenzie Pamela , Govorkova Elena A. , Russell Charles J. , Vogel Peter , Paulson James C. , Peiris J. S. Malik , Webster Robert G. , Ali Mohamed A. , Kayali Ghazi , Webby Richard J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn 2017, a novel influenza A virus (IAV) was isolated from an Egyptian fruit bat. In contrast to other bat influenza viruses, the virus was related to avian A(H9N2) viruses and was probably the result of a bird-to-bat transmission event. To determine the cross-species spill-over potential, we biologically characterize features of A/bat/Egypt/381OP/2017(H9N2). The virus has a pH inactivation profile and neuraminidase activity similar to those of human-adapted IAVs. Despite the virus having an avian virus–like preference for α2,3 sialic acid receptors, it is unable to replicate in male mallard ducks; however, it readily infects ex-vivo human respiratory cell cultures and replicates in the lungs of female mice. A/bat/Egypt/381OP/2017 replicates in the upper respiratory tract of experimentally-infected male ferrets featuring direct-contact and airborne transmission. These data suggest that the bat A(H9N2) virus has features associated with increased risk to humans without a shift to a preference for α2,6 sialic acid receptors.
Memory-electroluminescence for multiple action-potentials combination in bio-inspired afferent nerves
Authors: Wang Kun , Liao Yitao , Li Wenhao , Li Junlong , Su Hao , Chen Rong , Park Jae Hyeon , Zhang Yongai , Zhou Xiongtu , Wu Chaoxing , Liu Zhiqiang , Guo Tailiang , Kim Tae Whan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe development of optoelectronics mimicking the functions of the biological nervous system is important to artificial intelligence. This work demonstrates an optoelectronic, artificial, afferent-nerve strategy based on memory-electroluminescence spikes, which can realize multiple action-potentials combination through a single optical channel. The memory-electroluminescence spikes have diverse morphologies due to their history-dependent characteristics and can be used to encode distributed sensor signals. As the key to successful functioning of the optoelectronic, artificial afferent nerve, a driving mode for light-emitting diodes, namely, the non-carrier injection mode, is proposed, allowing it to drive nanoscale light-emitting diodes to generate a memory-electroluminescence spikes that has multiple sub-peaks. Moreover, multiplexing of the spikes can be obtained by using optical signals with different wavelengths, allowing for a large signal bandwidth, and the multiple action-potentials transmission process in afferent nerves can be demonstrated. Finally, sensor-position recognition with the bio-inspired afferent nerve is developed and shown to have a high recognition accuracy of 98.88%. This work demonstrates a strategy for mimicking biological afferent nerves and offers insights into the construction of artificial perception systems.
Local incomplete combustion emissions define the PM2.5 oxidative potential in Northern India
Authors: Bhattu Deepika , Tripathi Sachchida Nand , Bhowmik Himadri Sekhar , Moschos Vaios , Lee Chuan Ping , Rauber Martin , Salazar Gary , Abbaszade Gülcin , Cui Tianqu , Slowik Jay G. , Vats Pawan , Mishra Suneeti , Lalchandani Vipul , Satish Rangu , Rai Pragati , Casotto Roberto , Tobler Anna , Kumar Varun , Hao Yufang , Qi Lu , Khare Peeyush , Manousakas Manousos Ioannis , Wang Qiyuan , Han Yuemei , Tian Jie , Darfeuil Sophie , Minguillon Mari Cruz , Hueglin Christoph , Conil Sébastien , Rastogi Neeraj , Srivastava Atul Kumar , Ganguly Dilip , Bjelic Sasa , Canonaco Francesco , Schnelle-Kreis Jürgen , Dominutti Pamela A. , Jaffrezo Jean-Luc , Szidat Sönke , Chen Yang , Cao Junji , Baltensperger Urs , Uzu Gaëlle , Daellenbach Kaspar R. , El Haddad Imad , Prévôt André S. H. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe oxidative potential (OP) of particulate matter (PM) is a major driver of PM-associated health effects. In India, the emission sources defining PM-OP, and their local/regional nature, are yet to be established. Here, to address this gap we determine the geographical origin, sources of PM, and its OP at five Indo-Gangetic Plain sites inside and outside Delhi. Our findings reveal that although uniformly high PM concentrations are recorded across the entire region, local emission sources and formation processes dominate PM pollution. Specifically, ammonium chloride, and organic aerosols (OA) from traffic exhaust, residential heating, and oxidation of unsaturated vapors from fossil fuels are the dominant PM sources inside Delhi. Ammonium sulfate and nitrate, and secondary OA from biomass burning vapors, are produced outside Delhi. Nevertheless, PM-OP is overwhelmingly driven by OA from incomplete combustion of biomass and fossil fuels, including traffic. These findings suggest that addressing local inefficient combustion processes can effectively mitigate PM health exposure in northern India.
Sweat permeable and ultrahigh strength 3D PVDF piezoelectric nanoyarn fabric strain sensor
Authors: Fan Wei , Lei Ruixin , Dou Hao , Wu Zheng , Lu Linlin , Wang Shujuan , Liu Xuqing , Chen Weichun , Rezakazemi Mashallah , Aminabhavi Tejraj M. , Li Yi , Ge Shengbo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCommercial wearable piezoelectric sensors possess excellent anti-interference stability due to their electronic packaging. However, this packaging renders them barely breathable and compromises human comfort. To address this issue, we develop a PVDF piezoelectric nanoyarns with an ultrahigh strength of 313.3 MPa, weaving them with different yarns to form three-dimensional piezoelectric fabric (3DPF) sensor using the advanced 3D textile technology. The tensile strength (46.0 MPa) of 3DPF exhibits the highest among the reported flexible piezoelectric sensors. The 3DPF features anti-gravity unidirectional liquid transport that allows sweat to move from the inner layer near to the skin to the outer layer in 4 s, resulting in a comfortable and dry environment for the user. It should be noted that sweating does not weaken the piezoelectric properties of 3DPF, but rather enhances. Additionally, the durability and comfortability of 3DPF are similar to those of the commercial cotton T-shirts. This work provides a strategy for developing comfortable flexible wearable electronic devices.