bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does Vitamin E Prevent or Promote Cancer?
Authors: Yang Chung S. , Suh Nanjoo , Kong Ah-Ng Tony 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The cancer preventive activity of vitamin E has been suggested by many epidemiologic studies. However, several recent large-scale human trials with α-tocopherol, the most commonly recognized and used form of vitamin E, failed to show a cancer preventive effect. The recently finished follow-up of the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT) even showed higher prostate cancer incidence in subjects who took α-tocopherol supplementation. The scientific community and the general public are faced with a question: “Does vitamin E prevent or promote cancer?” Our recent results in animal models have shown the cancer preventive activity of γ- and δ-tocopherols as well as a naturally occurring mixture of tocopherols, and the lack of cancer preventive activity by α-tocopherol. On the basis of these results as well as information from the literature, we suggest that vitamin E, as ingested in the diet or in supplements that are rich in γ- and δ-tocopherols, is cancer preventive; whereas supplementation with high doses of α-tocopherol is not. Cancer Prev Res; 5(5); 701–5. ©2012 AACR.
Impaired fibrinolytic capacity and increased fibrin formation associate with myocardial infarction
Authors: Leander Karin , Blombäck Margareta , Wallén Håkan , He Shu 
Published: April 2012

SummaryWe assessed whether abnormality of haemostasis measured by a newly developed global method is associated with risk of a first myocardial infarction (MI). The global markers Coagulation activation profile (Cp), Fibrinolysis activation profile (Fp) and sum of fibrin optical density over time (Fibrin OD- sum) were determined in plasma from 800 MI cases and 1,123 controls included in the Stockholm Heart Epidemiology Program. Clot lysis time (CLT) was also determined based on raw data of fibrin OD from the global assay. Odds ratios (OR) of MI with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using logistic regression. A Fp value <10th percentile value in controls was significantly associated with increased MI risk; OR after multivariate adjustments for conventional cardiovascular risk factors 1.66 (95% CI 1.22–2.27). For an abnormally long CLT (>90th percentile value in controls) the adjusted OR of MI was 2.62 (95% CI 1.87–3.66) and for a high Fibrin OD-sum value (>90th percentile in controls) it was 1.86 (95% CI 1.37–2.53). A high Cp value was not significantly associated with MI. In conclusion, we found that abnormal haemostasis in platelet-poor plasma, reflected either as an attenuated fibrinolytic capacity or the resulting increase of fibrin formation, was associated with increased MI risk.
Treatment With B Vitamins and Incidence of Cancer in Patients With Previous Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack
Authors: Hankey Graeme J. , Eikelboom John W. , Yi Qilong , Lees Kennedy R. , Chen Christopher , Xavier Denis , Navarro Jose C. , Ranawaka Udaya K. , Uddin Wasim , Ricci Stefano , Gommans John , Schmidt Reinhold 
Published: April 2012

Background and Purpose—
To determine the effect of B vitamin treatment on the incidence of cancer among patients with stroke or transient ischemic attack.

Methods—

A total of 8164 patients with recent stroke or transient ischemic attack were randomly allocated to double-blind treatment with 1 tablet daily of placebo or B vitamins (2 mg folic acid, 25 mg vitamin B
6
, 500 μg vitamin B
12
) and followed for a median of 3.4 years for any cancer as an adverse event.

Results—

There was no significant difference in the incidence of any cancer among participants assigned B vitamins compared with placebo (4.04% versus 4.59%; risk ratio, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.70–1.07) and no difference in cancer mortality (2.35% versus 2.09%; risk ratio, 1.09; 0.81–1.46). Among 1899 patients with diabetes, the incidence of cancer was higher among participants assigned B vitamins compared with placebo (5.35% versus 3.28%; adjusted risk ratio, 2.21; 1.31–3.73), whereas among 6168 patients without diabetes, the incidence of cancer was lower among participants assigned B vitamins compared with placebo (3.66% versus 5.03%; adjusted risk ratio, 0.67; 0.51–0.87;
P
for interaction=0.0001).

Conclusions—

Daily administration of folic acid, vitamin B
6
, and vitamin B
12
to 8164 patients with recent stroke or transient ischemic attack for a median of 3.4 years had no significant effect, compared with placebo, on cancer incidence or mortality. However, a post hoc subgroup analysis raises the hypothesis that folic acid treatment may increase the incidence of cancer among diabetics and reduce the incidence of cancer among nondiabetics with a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00097669. URL:
www.controlled-trials.com
. Unique identifier: ISRCTN74743444.
Pre-existence, Naming, and Investiture in the Similitudes of Enoch and in Hebrews
Authors: Hall Robert G. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractUnderstanding longings of readers of Wisdom, Philo, and theSimilitudes of Enoch, can clarify how to respond to a classic conundrum in Hebrews: how can Hebrews conceive God requiting Jesus’ loud cries and tears (Heb 5:7) by instating him as pre-existent divine Son through whom God created the world? Such readers long to conform to what God knows them to be. Hebrews interprets Psalms to assuage this longing, revealing the Son conformed to God’s knowledge and themselves following their forerunner to perfection.
Roman Stoic Precreation Discourse
Authors: Russell B. Sisson 
Published: April 2012

AbstractCosmological imagery figures prominently in the precreation discourse of Roman Stoics, more so than in the precreation discourse of Jewish and Christian writers of the Hellenistic-Roman period. Roman Stoics imagine a realm of eternal time and space beyond the world of ordinary human experience and understanding. What humans can know of this realm is not revealed to them by a deity who dwells there, but by the spirits of virtuous souls who speak to select family members from the places where they dwell in the afterlife. Two examples are Aeneas’ father Anchises who describes primal reality to his son in the underworld, in Book VI of Virgil’sAeneid, and Scipio Africanus, the Roman soldier and statesman, who speaks of similar matters when his grandson of the same name travels to the outermost realm of heaven in a dream, in Book VI of Cicero’sRepublic. The myth and philosophy from which Cicero and Virgil draw their images of the primordial realm make the rhetography of their precreation discourse much richer than that found in Jewish and Christian precreation discourse of the period. Also, the relationship between rhetography and rhetology is more complex in Roman Stoic discourse and poses challenges for translators and interpreters of Cicero and Virgil.
The impact of alcohol and illicit drugs on people with psychosis: The second Australian national survey of psychosis
Authors: Moore Elizabeth , Mancuso Serafino G , Slade Tim , Galletly Cherrie , Castle David J 
Published: April 2012

Objective: To provide the most up-to-date prevalence estimates of alcohol and illicit drug use among individuals with psychosis in Australia, and explore correlates associated with a lifetime diagnosis of both alcohol abuse/dependence and cannabis abuse/dependence. Method: This paper uses data from the Survey of High Impact Psychosis (SHIP), conducted as a follow-up to the first Australian National Low Prevalence (Psychotic) Disorders Study (1997–1998). The SHIP was a national study, carried out across five states, in which a sample of 1825 individuals was recruited through a two-phase sampling framework. Results: Alcohol and illicit drug use was highly prevalent for the entire sample. There were few significant differences in the prevalence or frequency of use across the diagnostic categories examined. Substantial increases in substance abuse/dependence were noted since the 1997–1998 survey (51% diagnosed with alcohol abuse/dependence, 51% with cannabis abuse/dependence and 32% with other illicit drug abuse/dependence, compared to 28%, 23% and 12% respectively, in the 1997–1998 survey by Kavanagh et al., 2004). Factors significantly associated with both lifetime alcohol and cannabis dependence included male gender, younger age, single marital status, lower educational attainment, shorter duration of illness, lifetime presence of hallucinations, higher negative syndrome score and lower body mass index (BMI). A number of other factors were found to be differentially associated with either lifetime alcohol or cannabis dependence. Conclusions: The use of alcohol and illicit substances is common among people with a psychotic illness, with a concerning upward trend in rates of substance abuse/dependence since the 1997–1998 survey. Clinicians should be aware of the potential impact of concurrent substance use and provide integrated treatment for individuals presenting with psychotic illnesses. More research and investment in new intervention programs is required.
Readability Assessment of Patient Education Materials from the American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery Foundation
Authors: Kasabwala Khushabu , Agarwal Nitin , Hansberry David R. , Baredes Soly , Eloy Jean Anderson 
Published: April 2012

ObjectiveAmericans are increasingly turning to the Internet as a source of health care information. These online resources should be written at a level readily understood by the average American. This study evaluates the readability of online patient education information available from the American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery Foundation (AAO‐HNSF) professional Web site using 7 different assessment tools that analyze the materials for reading ease and grade level of its target audience.Study Design and SettingAnalysis of Internet‐based patient education material from the AAO‐HNSF Web site.MethodsOnline patient education material from the AAO‐HNSF was downloaded in January 2012 and assessed for level of readability using the Flesch Reading Ease, Flesch‐Kincaid Grade Level, SMOG grading, Coleman‐Liau Index, Gunning‐Fog Index, Raygor Readability Estimate graph, and Fry Readability graph. The text from each subsection was pasted as plain text into Microsoft Word document, and each subsection was subjected to readability analysis using the software package Readability Studio Professional Edition Version 2012.1.ResultsAll health care education material assessed is written between an 11th grade and graduate reading level and is considered “difficult to read” by the assessment scales.ConclusionsOnline patient education materials on the AAO‐HNSF Web site are written above the recommended 6th grade level and may need to be revised to make them more easily understood by a broader audience.
Chinese manipulation for mechanical neck pain: a systematic review
Authors: Lin Jian Hua , Chiu Thomas Tai Wing , Hu Jia 
Published: April 2012

Objective: To assess whether Chinese manipulation improves pain, function/disability and global perceived effect in adults with acute/subacute/chronic neck pain. Data sources: CAJ Full-text Database (Chinese), Wanfang Database (Chinese), Cochrane Database (English) and Medline (English). Review methods: Literature searching was performed with the following keywords and their combination: ‘manual therapy/bone setting/Chinese manipulation’, ‘neck/cervical pain’, ‘cervical vertebrae’, ‘cervical spondylosis/radiculopathy’ and ‘randomized controlled trial/review.’ Two independent reviewers selected studies, extracted data and assessed risk of bias for each included study. Randomized controlled trials or quasi-randomized controlled trials on the effect of Chinese manipulation in treating adult patients with neck pain were selected. Mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Quality of the evidence was assessed by the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Results: Four studies (610 participants) were included in this review. There was very low-quality evidence suggesting that, compared to cervical traction in sitting, Chinese manipulation produced more immediate post-intervention pain relief (mean difference: –1.06; 95% CI: –1.37~ –0.75; P < 0.001) and improvement of global signs and symptoms (mean difference: –3.81; 95% CI: −4.71 ~ −2.91; P < 0.001). Very low-quality evidence showed that Chinese manipulation alone was superior to Chinese traditional massage in immediate post-intervention pain relief (mean difference: −2.02; 95% CI: −2.78~ −1.26; P < 0.001). Conclusions: There was limited evidence showing Chinese manipulation could produce short-term improvement for neck pain.
Girls, the Divine and the Prime Time
Authors: Paule Michele 
Published: April 2012

Drawn from a larger research project exploring discourses of ability and gender, this paper identifies a narrative theme, ‘Girls Find God’, emerging both from teen-orientated television dramas and as a topic of discussion among participants in an online forum, www.smartgirls.tv . It considers the relationship between teens and the media, and the implications for the development of cultural identities and practices. Identifying some key tenets of television dramas which have a girl’s connection with the supernatural at their core, and exploring reflections of on-line forum participants, I argue that the ‘Girls Find God’ narrative goes beyond a simple reinforcement of some historically inscribed relationships between divinity, gender and genius. While it is true that connectedness and service are maintained as the inevitable direction of girls’ talents and reinforced by a divine authority, this narrative also provides a locus for negotiation of what such hegemonic inscriptions might mean in contemporary contexts for girls.
Respect, Protection, Faith, and Love
Authors: Morris Edith J. 
Published: April 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to discover universal and diverse care meanings and expressions of the selected urban African American adolescent gang culture within a qualitative paradigm. Design: The study was conducted using ethnonursing research methodology and was guided by Leininger’s theory of culture care. Thirteen key participants and 28 general participants were selected from a school setting in a Midwestern city. Data were collected and analyzed over a 12-month period, in which the researcher participated daily in school and extracurricular activities of the gang members. Leininger’s Data Analysis Guide included collection of raw data and maintenance of a field journal, coding and examining of the data for behavioral patterns and structural meanings, and finally formulation of major themes. Findings: Culture care constructs that emerged from the major themes were respect, being listened to/accepted, worthiness, concern for others, protection, surveillance, trust, and faith. Conclusions: Nurses may promote health and well-being through collaborative partnerships with gang members and working with other caregivers to encourage more healthy lifestyles. Nurses should assume a leadership role in restructuring health policy that would give equal voice to underprivileged members of American society.
The risk of fracture in incident multiple sclerosis patients: The Danish National Health Registers
Authors: Bazelier Marloes T , Bentzen Joan , Vestergaard Peter , Stenager Egon , Leufkens Hubert GM , van Staa Tjeerd-Pieter , de Vries Frank 
Published: April 2012

Background: Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) may be at increased risk of fractures owing to osteoporosis and falling. Objective: To evaluate the risk of fracture in incident MS patients drawn from a dedicated MS registry compared with population-based controls. Methods: We conducted a population-based cohort study (1996–2007) utilising the Danish National Health Registers that were linked to the Danish MS Registry and the Danish MS Treatment Registry. Incident MS patients (2963 cases) were 1:6 matched by year of birth, gender, calendar time and region to persons without MS (controls). Cox proportional hazards models and logistic regression were used to estimate the risk of fracture in MS. Time-dependent adjustments were made for age, history of diseases and drug use. Results: Compared with controls, patients with MS had no overall increased risk of fracture (adjusted hazard ratio (adj. HR): 1.0, 95% CI: 0.9–1.2). However, the risk of femur/hip fracture (adj. HR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.1–3.4) was significantly increased compared to controls. As compared with unexposed patients, MS patients who had been exposed to a short course of methylprednisolone in the prior year had no significantly increased risk of osteoporotic fracture (adj. HR: 1.2, 95% CI: 0.5–2.9). Disabled MS patients with Expanded Disability Status Scale [EDSS] scores between 6 and 10, had a 2.6-fold increased risk of osteoporotic fracture (adjusted odds ratio (adj. OR): 2.6, 95% CI: 1.0–6.6) compared to patients with an EDSS score between 0 and 3. Conclusion: Patients with MS had a higher risk of femur/hip fracture than controls. Disability status is probably more important than glucocorticoid use in the aetiology of MS and osteoporotic fracture.
Dynamic characterization of rigid foam used in finite element sports ball simulations
Authors: Burbank Scott D , Smith Lloyd V 
Published: April 2012

Numerical simulation of sport ball impacts is challenging due to the varied contact conditions involved and the difficulty in characterizing nonlinear materials at high strain rates. The following considers rigid polyurethane foam used in softballs. Past works have shown that load displacement curves from viscoelastic material models do not completely agree with experiment, suggesting incorrect mechanisms of compressive deformation. Additionally, dynamic testing using a pressure bar apparatus was unable to achieve strain rates low enough, and dynamic mechanical analysis was unable to achieve strain magnitudes large enough to represent play conditions. A method was developed to impact polyurethane foam samples over a range of displacement rates and magnitudes representative of play conditions. A characteristic stress–strain loading curve of polyurethane foam was produced and incorporated into a finite element model. Comparison of instrumented and numerical impact properties produced agreeable results. The foam material model was then applied to a simulated softball which impacted surfaces of varying geometry. Results showed that the foam material model better predicted softball deformation mechanisms than previous linear–viscoelastic models both as a function of speed and surface geometry. Persistent discrepancies in rate dependence indicate a lack of complete characterization, however.
The crucial role of lithospheric structure in the generation and release of carbonatites: geological evidence
Authors: Woolley A. R. , Bailey D. K. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA recent database and world distribution map of carbonatites supports previous observations of the spatial and temporal aspects of these rocks, and provides new observations that are important for understanding their petrogenesis. These data reveal that there is an overwhelming concentration of carbonatites in Precambrian cratonic areas, most of which are elevated topographically. Thus, although approximately two-thirds of carbonatites are Phanerozoic in age, at least 88% of all dated carbonatites are located in the cratons, demonstrating a remarkable tendency for a Precambrian host. This observation suggests a link with kimberlites as diamond-bearing kimberlites are confined to the Archaean areas of cratons. The age data show that in many carbonatite-bearing provinces there has been repetition of carbonatite emplacement, with up to five episodes separated by hundreds of millions of years. In at least three provinces such activity extends from the late Archaean to relatively recent times and, because of the drift of the plates, this would seem to preclude any direct role for mantle plumes in carbonatite genesis. Magmatism is activated when lithosphere lesions are reopened in response to major changes in global plate movement patterns.
Experimental study in the Na2O–CaO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–CO2 system at 3 GPa: the effect of sodium on mantle melting to carbonate-rich liquids and implications for the petrogenesis of silicocarbonatites
Authors: Moore K. R. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractMelt compositions in equilibrium with peridotite assemblages were determined in the analogue system Na2O–CaO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–CO2 at 3 GPa with Ca/Ca + Mg = 0.56–0.43 and up to 6 wt.% Na2O. There is a greater compositional range generated isobarically over a larger temperature interval than in a sodium-absent system: increasing sodium content drives liquids to compositions with lower CaO and higher SiO2 concentrations. A positive correlation between silica and Na2O content of liquids produced at constant temperature is due to the depolymerization of silicate tetrahedra in the presence of monovalent cations, as in the volatile-free system. Liquids with Na2O >6 wt.% occur in association with wehrlites as the composition of diopsidic pyroxene expands towards enstatite with addition of Na2O, decreasing the orthopyroxene content of peridotite. The orthopyroxene-out curve intersects an enriched mantle solidus at 3 GPa where near-solidus liquids have Na2O = 7 1.5 wt.%. Sodium partitioning between a metaluminous liquid and clinopyroxene follows the jadeite partitioning models calculated for the dry silicate system but sodium partitions into peralkaline carbonated liquids as both the pyroxene and the carbonate molecules. The peralkaline liquids generated are essentially carbonated silicate melts that are analogous to silica-bearing carbonatites and silicocarbonatites from a range of possible metasomatized mantle sources.
A mantle-derived dolomite silicocarbonatite from the southwest coast of Ireland
Authors: Brady A. E. , Moore K. R. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe magma source and evolution of a zoned breccia pipe on the southern Beara Peninsula in southwest Ireland are investigated using the geochemistry of the host mineral assemblages. The clast-poor inner zone of the pipe has a magnesium-rich silicocarbonatite whole-rock composition (14.30 wt.% MgO; 31.80 wt.% SiO2). The silicocarbonatite has retained an ultimate mantle source 13C isotopic composition after metamorphism, consistent with the presence of mantle debris. The silicocarbonatite is Cr-, Ni- and Co-rich (847 ppm, 611 ppm and 60 ppm, respectively) but REE depleted compared with volcanic dolomite carbonatites worldwide. The mineral assemblage consists of Sr-rich (0.55 wt.% SrO) ferroan dolomite, magnesite and pseudomorphs of chlorite after phlogopite, consistent with derivation from a carbonated and hydrated mantle. However, chrome spinel crystals (≤4 40.14 wt.% Cr2O3) are compositionally indistinguishable from unmetasomatized spinel macrocrysts in kimberlites. The silicocarbonatite is inferred to represent a magma produced by partial melting of metasomatized mantle at physical conditions between those in which primary dolomite carbonatite and ultramafic magmas of high-pressure origin form. The primary silicocarbonatite magma ascended and sampled mantle material in a manner similar to kimberlite, and subsequently lost volatile components due to release of metasomatic fluids and later metamorphism.