bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study of Creative Thinking of American And Japanese College Students
Authors: SAEKI NORIKO , FAN XITAO , VAN DUSEN LANI 
Published: December 2011

AbstractCross‐cultural differences in creative thinking were assessed for 51 American and 54 Japanese college students. The American college students showed statistically significantly higher scores on the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT) figural test than the Japanese college students. No gender differences were found in either culture. Performance on the TTCT did not correlate with the performance on broad academic aptitude/achievement measures for either culture.
The Sylvia Plath Effect: Mental Illness in Eminent Creative Writers
Authors: KAUFMAN JAMES C. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAlthough many studies (e.g., Andreasen, 1987; Jamison, 1989; Ludwig, 1995) have demonstrated that creative writers are prone to suffer from mental illness, this relationship has not been truly examined in depth. Is this finding true of all writers? In Study One, 1,629 writers were analyzed for signs of mental illness. Female poets were found to be significantly more likely to suffer from mental illness than female fiction writers or male writers of any type. Study Two extended the analysis to 520 eminent women (poets, fiction writers, non‐fiction writers, visual artists, politicians, and actresses), and again found the poets to be significantly more likely to experience mental illness. This early finding has been dubbed “the Sylvia Plath effect,” and implications and possibilities for future research are discussed.
The Propulsion Model of Creative Contributions Applied to the Arts and Letters
Authors: STERNBERG ROBERT J. , KAUFMAN JAMES C. , PRETZ JEAN E. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis article applies a propulsion model of creative contributions to the arts and letters. The basic notion is that creative contributions differ not only in the amounts of creativity they display but also in the types of creative contributions they make. The article opens with a general discussion of creative contributions and next considers some existing models of creative contributions. It then describes the propulsion model for understanding creative contributions and suggests eight types of contributions that follow from the propulsion model. Next the article describes some contributions in the arts and letters and shows how the propulsion model can be applied to understanding them. Finally the article discusses why such a model can be useful in evaluating the status of creative work, of individuals, and of a domain.
Teaching Creative Writing Skills to Primary School Children in Hong Kong: Discordance Between the Views and Practices of Language Teachers
Authors: CHEUNG WAI MING , TSE SHEK KAM , TSANG HECTOR WH 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTAlthough creativity has been valued in ancient and contemporary Chinese literature, the degree to which creativity is valued and incorporated into teaching by Chinese language teachers is not known. This information is important given that creativity has been increasingly recognized in the education literature as a component of effective writing. The purpose of this study was to compare the views of Chinese language teachers in Hong Kong about creativity and the acquisition of creative writing skills by primary school children, and their teaching practices. A total of 449 Chinese language teachers, employed at primary schools throughout Hong Kong completed a survey questionnaire. The 14‐item questionnaire focused on teachers' views of creativity, their perceptions of how to develop students' creativity, their awareness of creative writing strategies, and teaching practices related to creative writing. With respect to the definition of creativity, teachers identified imagination foremost, followed by inspiration, and original ideas. Teachers identified developing students' confidence, and providing an open atmosphere as essential means of fostering creativity. Despite the apparent value of creativity expressed by the teachers and their familiarity with methods for enhancing creativity, the majority reported using traditional methods of teaching writing. Strategies are recommended for reconciling this discrepancy, and promoting creative writing skills by primary school teachers in Hong Kong and other Chinese speaking societies.
Generalization of Creativity Across Domains: Examination of the Method Effect Hypothesis
Authors: PLUCKER JONATHAN A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe question of whether creativity is content general or content specific is one of the most controversial issues in contemporary creativity research. Recent studies provide support for both positions, but the results of these investigations may be influenced by several factors, including the presence of a method effect (i.e., psychometric vs. alternative assessment). This study investigates the method effect by analyzing quantity (psychometric) and quality (alternative assessment) of creative achievement simultaneously using structural equation modeling. Results provide evidence for the method effect hypothesis.
Beyond Brainstorming: Effects of Different Group Procedures on Selection of Ideas and Satisfaction with the Process
Authors: FAURE CORINNE 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAlthough previous research indicates that nominal groups generally outperform interactive groups at brainstorming tasks, companies still favor group interaction because of its presumed benefits beyond the brainstorming task. This study assesses the effectiveness of both types of groups in two domains that follow idea generation: selection of ideas and satisfaction with the process. Results indicate no superiority of interactive over nominal groups in these two domains. In addition, this study compares group effectiveness for groups selecting from their own sets of ideas and groups selecting ideas generated by another group.
Conformity to Experimenter‐Provided Examples: Will People use an Unusual Feature?
Authors: LANDAU JOSHUA D. , LEHR DONALD P. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractUndergraduates studied nonword exemplars and then created their own novel nonwords. In Experiment 1, people studied legal or illegal nonwords. In Experiment 2, people studied illegal nonwords, but to increase awareness of the features, half of the participants assessed the features of the nonwords. Despite instructions to avoid copying any aspect of the examples, people incorporated features from the examples into their own novel creations. Although people do not spontaneously create illegal nonwords, those people that studied illegal nonwords were more likely to create illegal nonwords. Assessing the features of the examples did not reduce the likelihood that people would copy features of the examples. We discuss these results in the context of Ward's (1994) structured imagination account.
Creativity and Intuition Revisited
Authors: DOLLINGER STEPHEN J. , PALASKONIS DIMITRA G. , PEARSON JODI L. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis study used the recently revised Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) and a variety of validated creativity measures to replicate a classic finding — that sensing‐intuition predicts creativity — and to evaluate whether the other MBTI scales add to the prediction of creativity. 94 undergraduates completed the MBTI (form M self‐scorable) and criterion measures including the Creative Personality Scale, an abbreviated Creative Behavior Inventory (self‐reported past accomplishments) and the Test of Creative Thinking‐Drawing Production (creative product ratings using consensual assessment). Results showed that intuition predicted all three criteria but that, contrary to expectation from past research, judging‐perceiving did not add to the prediction model. Thinking‐feeling emerged as a possible suppressor variable. We suggest that judging‐perceiving predicts creativity as an artifact of its relation with intuition and that the combination of intuition and feeling best characterizes high scorers on a composite creativity measure.
The Role of Job Challenge and Organizational Identification in Enhancing Creative Behavior among Employees in the Workplace
Authors: CARMELI ABRAHAM , COHEN‐MEITAR RAVIT , ELIZUR DOV 
Published: December 2011

AbstractOrganizations recognize the importance of creative employees and constantly explore ways to enhance their employees' creative behavior. Creativity research has directed substantial efforts to understanding how work environment fosters creativity. Yet, this research has paid little attention to the importance of specific characteristics of the work environment and organizational identification in augmenting creative behavior in employees at work. The present study examines the influence of job challenge on employees' creative behavior, arguing that organizational identification plays a mediating role in this relationship. The results show that organizational identification mediates the relationship between job challenge and employees' creative behavior.
Age, Emotion Regulation Strategies, Temperament, Creative Drama, and Preschoolers' Creativity
Authors: YEH YU‐CHU , LI ME‐LIN 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBased on Yeh's (2004) Ecological Systems Model of Creativity Development, this study investigated the effects that age, the use of emotion regulation strategies, temperament, and exposure to creative drama instruction have on the development of creativity among preschool children. Participants were 1164‐ to 6‐year‐old preschool children. This study categorized the emotion regulation strategies used by preschool children and developed a creativity test which includes the measurement of usefulness, an indicator of creativity that has, until now, been ignored. The main findings are that (a) 6‐year‐olds outperform 4‐ and 5‐year‐olds in terms of creativity; (b) emotion regulation strategies as well as a positive temperament have positive effects on children's creativity; (c) creative drama instruction contributes to children's creativity; and (d) age group, emotion regulation strategies, temperament, and creative drama instruction can collectively predict children's creativity.
Artists' vulnerability to psychopathology: Towards an integrative cognitive perspective
Authors: PAPWORTH MARK A. , JORDAN GABRIELE , BACKHOUSE CATHERINE , EVANS NICOLA , KENT‐LEMON NICOLA , MORRIS JENNIFER , WINCHESTER KENNETH J. G. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA relationship is commonly reported between high levels of artistic creativity and mental health problems (e.g., depression or psychosis), and it is now becoming clearer that the divergent cognitive style associated with creativity has commonalities with some of the processes involved in the development and maintenance of some psychological difficulties. Our aim was to investigate the nature of this cognitive style. More specifically, we considered the profile of probabilistic reasoning and associated problem solving abilities, as both of these mechanisms have been found to be integral to major forms of clinical dysfunction. We assessed levels of creative potential, mood, probabilistic reasoning, and problem solving abilities in 66 arts and 85 science undergraduate volunteers. As predicted, art students showed higher levels of creative potential and experienced lower levels of mood than their science peers. Differences in probabilistic reasoning were observed which are in keeping with the pattern reported to be present in those suffering with psychosis in that they tended to ‘jump to conclusions’. Art students also displayed both poorer problem solving abilities and self‐appraisal of their problem solving skills. Our results extend previous findings associated with the mediating role of cognitive processes in the relationship between creativity and some forms of psychopathology. Implications for the prevention and treatment of psychological difficulties in the creative are highlighted.
Hierarchical Linear Modeling of Creative Artists' Problem Solving Behaviors*
Authors: KOZBELT AARON 
Published: December 2011

AbstractCollege art students were videotaped creating original drawings from an array of objects. Judges reliably assessed the creativity of the drawings. Videos of the creation of ten high‐ and ten low‐rated drawings were coded frame‐by‐frame to quantify the extent to which artists engaged in several categories of activities (selecting objects, selecting media, pausing, drawing objects, drawing other visible elements, and drawing imaginary elements) plus reworking the drawing (erasing and revising). Video coding was used to model how the frequency of each measure varied throughout the sessions. Behaviors were analyzed by hierarchical linear modeling, a regression technique that permits individual‐ and group‐level analyses simultaneously. Analyses revealed substantial individual and group differences in the behavioral trajectories, especially in the drawing measures and in reworking the drawing. The results support a positive association between creativity and opportunistic problem solving strategies, and a negative association between creativity and the pre‐planned application of default problem representations.
Examining Gender with General Creativity and Preferences for Creative Persons in College Students within the Sciences and the Arts
Authors: CHARYTON CHRISTINE , BASHAM KIMBERLY M. , ELLIOTT JOHN O. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe purpose of the research was to investigate gender similarities and differences in general creativity constructs with their preferences for creative persons. Data were collected from 247 participants (87 engineering, 24 psychology students with a psychology major, 51 psychology students with a major other than psychology, 30 English, and 55 music students) from a large Mideastern Big 10 university. All participants completed measures of general creativity (creative personality, creative temperament and cognitive risk tolerance) and a demographic questionnaire with the request to list 10 creative persons and their given field. Results indicated that males and females tended to have similar levels of general creativity, yet the most frequently listed creative eminent persons tended to be male. The most frequently listed creative person selections were in science and art, with the three most frequently selected eminent persons being in the science domains. The most frequent creative person selections, consistently selected by at least 10 participants, were Caucasian males.
Categories of insight and their correlates: An exploration of relationships among classic‐type insight problems, rebus puzzles, remote associates and esoteric analogies
Authors: CUNNINGHAM J. BARTON , MacGregor JAMES N. , GIBB JENNY , HAAR JARROD 
Published: December 2011

A central question in creativity concerns how insightful ideas emerge. Anecdotal examples of insightful scientific and technical discoveries include Goodyear's discovery of the vulcanization of rubber, and Mendeleev's realization that there may be gaps as he tried to arrange the elements into the Periodic Table. Although most people would regard these discoveries as insightful, cognitive psychologists have had difficulty in agreeing on whether such ideas resulted from insights or from conventional problem solving processes. One area of wide agreement among psychologists is that insight involves a process of restructuring. If this view is correct, then understanding insight and its role in problem solving will depend on a better understanding of restructuring and the characteristics that describe it.This article proposes and tests a preliminary classification of insight problems based on several restructuring characteristics: the need to redefine spatial assumptions, the need to change defined forms, the degree of misdirection involved, the difficulty in visualizing a possible solution, the number of restructuring sequences in the problem, and the requirement for figure‐ground type reversals. A second purpose of the study was to compare performance on classic spatial insight problems with two types of verbal tests that may be related to insight, the Remote Associates Test (RAT), and rebus puzzles. In doing so, we report on the results of a survey of 172 business students at the University of Waikato in New Zealand who completed classic‐type insight, RAT and rebus problems.
Training Insight Problem Solving Through Focus on Barriers and Assumptions
Authors: WALINGA JENNIFER , CUNNINGHAM J. BARTON , MacGREGOR JAMES N. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTRecent research has reported successful training interventions that improve insight problem solving. In some ways this is surprising, because the processes involved in insight solutions are often assumed to be unconscious, whereas the training interventions focus on conscious cognitive strategies. We propose one mechanism that may help to explain this apparent disconnect. Recognition of a barrier to progress during insight problem solving may provide a point of access to the tacit constraining assumptions that have misled the solution process. We tested this proposal in an experiment that examined the effects of different training routines on problem solving. The experiment compared four training routines, focusing either on barriers and assumptions combined, barriers alone, assumptions alone, or goals, with two control conditions. Outcomes were measured using eleven spatial insight problems. The results indicated that training that combined focus on barriers and assumptions was significantly more effective than all other conditions, supporting the proposition that recognizing and reinterpreting barriers may assist in surfacing the unwarranted assumptions that prevent problem solving.
Avoiding Design Fixation: Transformation and Abstraction in Mapping from Source to Target
Authors: GOLDSCHMIDT GABRIELA 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTDesigners try to ‘enlist’ whatever they can to help themselves arrive at high quality, novel and original designs. When stimuli are used for this purpose, usually provided at the onset of the design process, these stimuli, or sources, may have one of two effects: they may enhance the design search and contribute to a high‐quality, creative design, or they may cause fixation, when the designer is unable to divorce him or herself from properties of the stimulus. This paper argues that to avoid fixation stimuli should not be within‐domain and task examples, and in mapping from source to target it is essential to abstract relations among source objects, and to perform transformations in conjunction with transfer actions.
Creative Self‐Efficacy and Innovative Behavior in a Service Setting: Optimism as a Moderator
Authors: MICHAEL L. A. HSU , HOU SHENG‐TSUNG , FAN HSUEH‐LIANG 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTCreativity research on the personality approach has focused on the relationship between individual attributes and innovative behavior. However, few studies have empirically examined the effects of positive psychological traits on innovative behavior in an organizational setting. This study examines the relationships among creative self‐efficacy, optimism, and innovative behavior as well as the moderating effect of optimism. Longitudinal data across two periods were collected from 120 spa employees of a diet and beauty salon company in Taiwan. After controlling for the effects of job tenure and the Big Five personality traits, this study found that employees with a high level of creative self‐efficacy demonstrate a high level of innovative behavior at work, and optimism does not have a direct effect on employees' innovative behavior, but it does play a moderating role. When employees' creative self‐efficacy is high, those with greater optimism exhibit greater innovative behavior at work. Toward the end, this paper offers suggestions for future research and discusses the practical implications of this study.
Obesity and fracture in men and women: An epidemiologic perspective
Authors: Nielson Carrie M , Srikanth Priya , Orwoll Eric S 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
In Western societies, mean body weight has increased dramatically in older people, and a similar trend exists in Asia. Yet insufficient attention has been directed to the problem of osteoporotic fractures in the overweight and obese. Many, if not most, osteoporotic fractures occur in overweight or obese people, and obese men may be particularly susceptible. We discuss the potential implications of these findings, including the challenge of identifying individuals at highest risk, screening and treatment strategies, and future research directions. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Zinc balance is critical for NFI‐C mediated regulation of odontoblast differentiation
Authors: Oh Hyun‐Jung , Lee Hye‐Kyung , Park Su‐Jin , Cho Young‐Sik , Bae Hyun‐Sook , Cho Moon‐Il , Park Joo‐Cheol 
Published: December 2011

AbstractZinc is trace element essential for diverse metabolic and cellular signaling pathways for the growth, development, and maintenance. Zinc deficiency is involved in bone malformations and oral disease. Mice deficient in zinc transporter Zip13 show connective tissue and skeletal disorders, abnormal incisor teeth, and reduced root dentin formation in the molar teeth and share a morphologically similar phenotype to nuclear factor I‐C (NFI‐C)‐deficient mice. However, the precise function of zinc in NFI‐C signaling‐mediated odontoblast differentiation and dentin formation remains unclear. Here, we show that zinc stimulated the expression of metal transcription factor‐1, but decreased NFI‐C expression in odontoblastic MDPC‐23 cells. Zinc also enhanced the phosphorylation of Smad2/3 (p‐Smad2/3) and increased the binding efficiency of NFI‐C and p‐Smad2/3 in the cytoplasm. In contrast, zinc deficiency resulted in the accumulation of NFI‐C into nucleus. Consequently, NFI‐C had the biologic properties of a transcription factor, including DNA binding affinity for metallothionein‐1 and the dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) promoter, and transcriptional activation of the DSPP gene. Furthermore, zinc deficiency condition promoted DSPP expression in odontoblasts and dentin mineralization, while zinc sufficiency condition decreased DSPP expression and slightly delayed dentin mineralization. These data suggest that zinc equilibrium is required for odontoblast differentiation and dentin formation during dentinogenesis through the nuclear accumulation and modulation of NFI‐C. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 877–887, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.