bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mango crop maturity estimation using meta‐learning approach
Authors: Upadhyay Nidhi , Gupta Neeraj 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMangos are a significant fruit crop that is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions. However, manual detection of mango crop maturity is time‐consuming and labor‐intensive. It is a vital agricultural commodity, and accurate assessment of the mango maturity stage is critical for harvesting and post‐harvest handling. Accurately detecting mango crop maturity is essential for ensuring optimal harvesting and quality. This study introduced a specialized Meta‐learning method for classifying mango crop images with limited data. The conventional approach to maturity classification, often hindered by limited labeled data, is significantly enhanced by meta‐learning's ability to adapt quickly to new tasks with minimal examples. The proposed approach works as initial image segmentation to isolate mango crop regions, comprehensive feature extraction to capture meaningful data representations, and a critical meta‐training. This phase involves refining a classifier within a metric space by utilizing cosine distance and an adaptable scale parameter, this is followed by a meta‐testing stage. where the adapted classifier is utilized for maturity prediction with minimal support samples. This research holds substantial promise for the agricultural sector, offering practical solutions to optimize harvest management practices and improve mango crop yield predictions.Practical applicationsOptimized Harvest Scheduling: Scenario: Farmers can use crop maturity estimation to schedule harvest times more precisely. Application: Knowing crop maturity optimizes harvest, minimizing losses. Resource Management: Scenario: Efficient use of resources such as water, fertilizers, and pesticides is essential for sustainable agriculture. Application: Crop maturity guides resource use, for example, reducing late‐stage water/nutrients prevents overuse, saves resources. Quality Assurance: Scenario: Crop quality is often linked to its maturity level. Application: Maturity estimation assesses crop quality, guiding post‐harvest planning and determining market value. Data‐Driven Decision Making: Scenario: Modern agriculture relies on data for decision‐making. Application: Maturity estimation promotes data‐driven farming, aiding trend analysis, optimizing planting, and enhancing farm management.
Influence of soil type and ripening degree on the intensity and sensory dominance of Mexican habanero chili (Capsicum chinense Jacq.)
Authors: Ramírez‐Rivera Emmanuel de Jesús , Ramírez‐Sucre Manuel Octavio , Rodriguez‐Buenfil Ingrid Mayanin , Cabal‐Prieto Adán , Sánchez‐Orea José Manuel , Herrera‐Corredor José Andrés 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe objective of this research was to determine the intensity and sensory dominance of habanero peppers grown in different types of soils and with different degrees of maturation. Chili samples grown in red soil (Mayan name: K'ankab lu'um) and black soil (Mayan name: Box lu'um) were evaluated in an immature state (green coloration) and intermediate ripening (green‐orange coloration) using descriptive analysis (DA) and temporal dominance of sensations (TDS). Sensory representation and classification percentage of chili peppers were evaluated using principal component analysis and discriminant factor analysis. The sensory results demonstrated that intermediate ripening chili peppers presented higher color intensities associated with pungency. Immature chili peppers were characterized by having high odor intensities. The TDS results showed that the dominant attributes were burn feeling, chili flavor, heat, and numbness. Immature chili peppers grown in black soil tend to be burn feeling dominant and chili peppers grown in red soil were characterized as chili flavor. The ripe habanero peppers were chili flavor burn feeling and heat. The correct classification percentage was 89.81%.Practical ApplicationsThis research exposes the sensory differences of habanero peppers with different degrees of maturation and grown in different types of soils. The findings can serve as a reference for future research on the sensory characterization of pungent and for the industry dedicated to the production of habanero chili and for the gastronomy area in charge of the preparation of different dishes that use habanero chili as an ingredient.
Welfare reducing vertical integration in a bilateral monopoly under Nash bargaining
Authors: Mukherjee Arijit , Sinha Uday Bhanu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe consider a bilateral monopoly where a linear input price is determined by Nash bargaining. We show, with an increasing marginal cost of input production, that vertical integration reduces consumer surplus and welfare compared with bilateral monopoly if the bargaining power of the input supplier is low. This result is important for competition policies as it questions the common wisdom suggesting vertical integration increases welfare by eliminating the problem of double marginalization. Overproduction under bilateral monopoly compared with vertical integration is the reason for our result. Interestingly, consumer surplus and welfare can be higher under a linear input price compared with a two‐part tariff input price.
The effect of nutritional and oxidative stress on the metabolome of Trypanosoma cruzi
Authors: Silva Michel Augusto , Izidoro Mario Augusto , Aricó Mirella , Juliano Luiz , Schenkman Sergio 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTrypanosoma cruzi, a flagellated protozoan, is the causative agent of Chagas disease. The parasite has developed various mechanisms to get through its intricate life cycle and adapt to different evolutionary phases. T. cruzi proliferates in the insect vector's digestive tract as an epimastigote form, encountering fluctuating nutrient availability and oxidative stress caused by the digestion of red blood cells from the mammalian host blood meal. To unravel how the parasite's metabolism adapts to these changing conditions, we conducted an analysis of the chemical species present in epimastigote forms. This involved comparing cultured parasites with those subjected to nutritional deficiency or oxidative stress using untargeted metabolomics. We looked at 21 samples: seven biological copies of parasites that were actively growing, seven samples that were put in a medium without nutrients for 3 h, and seven samples that were treated with glucose oxidase for 30 min to make H2O2 continuously. Importantly, in all conditions, parasite viability was maintained when the samples were collected. Upon nutrient removal, we observed a substantial decrease in amino acids and carbohydrate metabolites, accompanied by the accumulation of fatty acids and steroids, with the predominance of inositol and sphingolipid metabolism, along with a simultaneous decrease in the levels of H2O2. In the presence of H2O2, a significant rise in components of the pentose pathway and specific amino acids such as methionine and serine occurred, along with pathways related to an increase in antioxidant species metabolism such as ribulose 5‐phosphate and glyceric acid. Conversely, fatty acid and steroid levels decrease. We found no common increase in metabolites or lipids. In contrast, eight species (succinic acid, glutamic acid, valine, 2‐hydroxyisocaproic acid, alanine, indolelactic acid, proline, and lanosterol) were consumed under both stresses. These findings underscore the rapid and distinct enrichment responses in amino acids, lipids, and carbohydrates required to cope with each different environmental condition. We concluded that T. cruzi presents a flexible metabolism that rapidly adapts to variable changes in the environment.
No playing around with robots? Ambivalent attitudes toward the use of Paro in elder care
Authors: Wangmo Tenzin , Duong Vanessa , Felber Nadine Andrea , Tian Yi Jiao (Angelina) , Mihailov Emilian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper explores the ways in which health care professionals, family carers, and older persons expressed attitudes and opinions on using Paro, a social robot designed to stimulate patients with dementia. Thereafter, we critically evaluate existing prejudicial views toward Paro users to provide recommendations for its future use. Using an exploratory qualitative interview method, we recruited a total of 67 participants in Switzerland. They included 23 care professionals, 17 family carers, and 27 older persons. Data obtained were analyzed thematically. Study findings present general agreement that Paro is an appealing and beneficial social robot, but it is not a tool that everyone feels comfortable with. Because it is perceived as “child play,” it would be demeaning for competent adults to play with such things. Consequently, Paro is appropriate only for persons with dementia. These findings brought forth ethical concerns about deception, infantilization, and respecting older persons' dignity. The idea of who is an appropriate Paro user led to our discussions on predicting future Paro users. The meaning of using social robotics in nursing homes can be conditioned by a rigid interpretation of adulthood and playful behavior. To protect future selves when one is living with dementia from prejudices, it may be useful for older persons and their loved ones to plan their future care situations to ensure that they are treated in accordance with their delineated decisions.
Unboxing reskilling narratives: Analysing practice, agency and signifier in social media
Authors: Gobena Elina 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper explores reskilling, appearing both as a practice and a signifier in social media. By investigating reskilling narratives, this paper describes origins, actors and relation to skill. It contributes by first suggesting that reskilling is a process rather than a specific training form or about specific skill content. Second, individuals and organisations are simultaneously and paradoxically sold reskilling, but their interests do not always align. On social media, reskilling stands as a corporate (and societal) signifier of action as well as an opportunity for advertising employer brands. Third, through a technology‐deterministic frame, reskilling can be understood as a signifier of optimism, that is, turning pessimism in the shape of possible displacement into optimism where society, organisations and people may ‘keep up’ with technological change. Thus, reskilling can be understood to materialise optimism, and that optimism is an attempt at the restoration of human agency on an inevitabilist path.
FAM3D regulation of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma behaviour through the EMT pathway
Authors: Zhou Zheng , Hu Xiaotian , Zhao Chengpu , Wang Jiafeng , He Hongfeng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesHead and neck squamous cell carcinoma present challenges in effective treatment, with 50%–60% of cases exhibiting recurrence or metastasis, often resistant to surgery alone. Immunotherapy, a promising approach, does not guarantee benefits for all patients. Thus, the imperative lies in identifying reliable biomarkers for predicting immunotherapy efficacy. FAM3D, a protein‐coding gene known for its potent chemotactic activity in human peripheral blood monocytes and neutrophils, plays a crucial role in regulating tumour immune responses and holds promise as an immune biomarker.Materials and MethodsWe employed comprehensive database analysis to scrutinise FAM3D, evaluating its gene expression, mutation profiles and prognostic implications in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, along with its associations with clinical characteristics and immune cell infiltration. Complementary functional experiments were conducted to delve into the potential mechanisms governed by FAM3D.ResultsOur findings establish a significant correlation between low FAM3D expression and the invasiveness and metastatic potential of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. FAM3D likely exerts its influence through the regulation of epithelial–mesenchymal transition.ConclusionsFAM3D emerges as a valuable biomarker for predicting the responsiveness of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma to immunotherapy, holding substantial clinical diagnostic and therapeutic relevance.
Classification and prediction of smoker melanosis in gingiva using SqueezeNet algorithms
Authors: Srinivasan Preetha , Sundar Sandhya , Yadalam Pradeep Kumar , Ramadoss Ramya , Mosaddad Seyed Ali , Heboyan Artak 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionGingival darkening, known as smokers' gingival melanosis or smoker's melanosis, is a benign symptom attributed to excessive deposition of melanin pigment. Melanin, responsible for skin, hair, and eye coloration, accumulates excessively, resulting in darkened gums. While not typically a severe health concern, smokers and former smokers may worry about this aesthetic change. This study aims to differentiate and categorize gingival pigmentation in smokers compared to non‐smokers using a deep learning‐based SqueezeNet. This innovative diagnostic tool holds significant promise in the medical and dental fields for assessing the presence and prognosis of such gingival pigmentations.MethodsThe research utilized intraoral images obtained from patients at Saveetha Dental College. Two hundred patients exhibiting oral and gingival pigmentation were enrolled, specifically targeting those with a smoking history and excluding cases of amalgam, metallic, physiological pigmentation, intestinal polyposis, and pigmentation from food allergies. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 102 subjects were selected from the initial pool for further analysis. These subjects were classified into healthy and pigmented gingiva, displaying brownish‐black pigmentation. Intraoral photographs were captured and subjected to segmentation and annotation using a SqueezeNet for subsequent analysis. Machine learning techniques were employed for further evaluation, including random forest, logistic Regression, and naive Bayes.ResultsThe accuracy results indicate the performance of three different machine learning algorithms, namely random forest, logistic regression, and Naive Bayes, on predicting the presence of pigmented gingiva in smokers and non‐smokers. Using random forest, logistic regression, and Naive Bayes, respectively, it was discovered that the accuracy of pigmented gingiva in smokers and non‐smokers was 88.8% and 92.6%, 93.3% and 95.2%, 95.1%, and 95.6%. A confusion matrix and a Roc graph were produced.ConclusionsThe results suggest that machine learning algorithms can be effective in predicting the presence of pigmented gingiva in different populations. The confusion matrix and ROC graph can provide further insights into the model's performance and can be used to optimize the classifier's threshold for prediction. Thus, it allows patients to self‐diagnose and doctors to diagnose in their hectic clinical routines.
Low weed and cool‐season grass abundances likely necessary for warm‐season grass, forb, and shrub establishment
Authors: Rinella Matthew J. , Bellows Susan E. 
Published: May 2024

Plants seeded in degraded grasslands often fail to establish. In the Northern Great Plains, perennial cool‐season grasses are easiest to establish, and they sometimes competitively suppress warm‐season grasses, shrubs, and forbs. Seeding cool‐season grasses at low rates sometimes benefits other seeded plants but risks greater weed abundances. To identify grass seed rates low enough to allow other plants to establish but high enough to constrain weeds, we varied cool‐season grass seed rates while holding warm‐season grass, shrub, and forb seed rates fixed. The first couple growing seasons after seeding, we hypothesized cover of other seeded plants and weeds would decrease with increasing cool‐season grass seed rate. During later growing seasons, we hypothesized weed cover would become independent of grass seed rates due to seeded plants increasing in plots seeded at low rates. Neither hypothesis was supported. Because weed abundances were high, warm‐season grasses, shrubs, and forbs apparently experienced similarly intense competition regardless of grass rate, so low rates did not increase seeded plant establishment. Regardless of seed rate, cool‐season grass cover did not increase between the second and final (i.e. fourth) growing season, perhaps because of low precipitation. Increasing warm‐season grass, shrub, and forb abundances will require controlling weeds in addition to lowering cool‐season grass seed rates. Even these steps will not always increase establishment because native plants sometimes died before controlling weeds with herbicides became feasible and grass competition became important. Lowering grass rates without implementing weed control risks sites becoming weedy for prolonged periods.
Population‐level gene expression can repeatedly link genes to functions in maize
Authors: Torres‐Rodríguez J. Vladimir , Li Delin , Turkus Jonathan , Newton Linsey , Davis Jensina , Lopez‐Corona Lina , Ali Waqar , Sun Guangchao , Mural Ravi V. , Grzybowski Marcin W. , Zamft Bradley M. , Thompson Addie M. , Schnable James C. 
Published: May 2024

SUMMARYTranscriptome‐wide association studies (TWAS) can provide single gene resolution for candidate genes in plants, complementing genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) but efforts in plants have been met with, at best, mixed success. We generated expression data from 693 maize genotypes, measured in a common field experiment, sampled over a 2‐h period to minimize diurnal and environmental effects, using full‐length RNA‐seq to maximize the accurate estimation of transcript abundance. TWAS could identify roughly 10 times as many genes likely to play a role in flowering time regulation as GWAS conducted data from the same experiment. TWAS using mature leaf tissue identified known true‐positive flowering time genes known to act in the shoot apical meristem, and trait data from a new environment enabled the identification of additional flowering time genes without the need for new expression data. eQTL analysis of TWAS‐tagged genes identified at least one additional known maize flowering time gene through trans‐eQTL interactions. Collectively these results suggest the gene expression resource described here can link genes to functions across different plant phenotypes expressed in a range of tissues and scored in different experiments.
Access to primary care for children and young people (CYP) in the UK: a scoping review of CYP’s, caregivers’ and healthcare professionals’ views and experiences of facilitators and barriers
Authors: Herlitz Lauren , Ashford Emily , Powell Claire , Herbert Kevin , Morris Stephen , Woodman Jenny 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesTo examine children and young people’s (CYP), caregivers’ and healthcare professionals’ (HCPs) views or experiences of facilitators and barriers to CYP access to UK primary care services to better understand healthcare inequity. To explore differences across CYP subpopulations with greater health needs from deprived areas, identifying as ethnic minorities, with experiences of state care, special educational needs or disabilities, chronic conditions or mental health problems.DesignScoping review.Eligibility criteriaIncluded studies were in English, published 2012–2022 and reported: the views/experiences of CYP (0–25 years), caregivers or HCPs about accessing UK primary care; using quantitative or qualitative empirical methods.Data sourcesPubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, PsycINFO and Scopus.ResultsWe included 47 reports (46 studies). CYP/caregivers’ decision to access care was facilitated by CYP/caregivers’ or their family/friends’ ability to identify a health issue as warranting healthcare attention. Barriers to accessing care included perceived stigma (eg, being seen as a bad parent), embarrassment and discrimination experiences. CYP and caregivers believed longer opening hours could facilitate more timely access to care. Caregivers and HCPs reported that delayed or rejected referrals to secondary or adult care were a barrier to having needs met, especially for CYP with poor mental health. CYP and caregivers in numerous studies emphasised the importance of communication and trust with HCPs, including taking their concerns seriously, being knowledgeable and providing continuity of care for CYP. Common barriers reported across high-need subpopulations were caregivers needing knowledge and confidence to advocate for their child, gaps in HCP’s knowledge and a lack of connectedness between primary and secondary care.ConclusionsConnecting general practices and community health workers/services, improving CYP/caregivers’ understanding of common childhood conditions, addressing HCP’s knowledge gaps in paediatric care and integrated approaches between primary and secondary care may reduce inequity in access.
Protocol for the Development and Analysis of the Oxford and Reading Cognitive Comorbidity, Frailty and Ageing Research Database-Electronic Patient Records (ORCHARD-EPR)
Authors: Boucher Emily , Jell Aimee , Singh Sudhir , Davies Jim , Smith Tanya , Pill Adam , Varnai Kinga , Woods Kerrie , Walliker David , McColl Aubretia , Shepperd Sasha , Pendlebury Sarah 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundHospital electronic patient records (EPRs) offer the opportunity to exploit large-scale routinely acquired data at relatively low cost and without selection. EPRs provide considerably richer data, and in real-time, than retrospective administrative data sets in which clinical complexity is often poorly captured. With population ageing, a wide range of hospital specialties now manage older people with multimorbidity, frailty and associated poor outcomes. We, therefore, set-up the Oxford and Reading Cognitive Comorbidity, Frailty and Ageing Research Database-Electronic Patient Records (ORCHARD-EPR) to facilitate clinically meaningful research in older hospital patients, including algorithm development, and to aid medical decision-making, implementation of guidelines, and inform policy.Methods and analysisORCHARD-EPR uses routinely acquired individual patient data on all patients aged ≥65 years with unplanned admission or Same Day Emergency Care unit attendance at four acute general hospitals serving a population of >800 000 (Oxfordshire, UK) with planned extension to the neighbouring Berkshire regional hospitals (>1 000 000). Data fields include diagnosis, comorbidities, nursing risk assessments, frailty, observations, illness acuity, laboratory tests and brain scan images. Importantly, ORCHARD-EPR contains the results from mandatory hospital-wide cognitive screening (≥70 years) comprising the 10-point Abbreviated-Mental-Test and dementia and delirium diagnosis (Confusion Assessment Method—CAM). Outcomes include length of stay, delayed transfers of care, discharge destination, readmissions and death. The rich multimodal data are further enhanced by linkage to secondary care electronic mental health records. Selection of appropriate subgroups or linkage to existing cohorts allows disease-specific studies. Over 200 000 patient episodes are included to date with data collection ongoing of which 129 248 are admissions with a length of stay ≥1 day in 64 641 unique patients.Ethics and disseminationORCHARD-EPR is approved by the South Central Oxford C Research Ethics Committee (ref: 23/SC/0258). Results will be widely disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and presentations at conferences, and regional meetings to improve hospital data quality and clinical services.