bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ONOS Flood Defender: A Real‐Time Flood Attacks Detection and Mitigation System in SDN Networks
Authors: Younis Hussein , Hamarsheh Mohammad M. N. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTCybercriminals are constantly developing new and sophisticated methods for exploiting network vulnerabilities. Software‐defined networking (SDN) faces security challenges more than other traditional networks because the controller is a bottleneck device. This necessitates the implementation of robust security systems, including intrusion detection to mitigate the effect of attacks. Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks targeting the centralized controller of an SDN network can disrupt the entire network. If the controller becomes unavailable due to an attack, flow rules (FRs) cannot be deployed at the network switches, affecting data forwarding and network management. This study focuses on the detection and mitigation of synchronized (SYN) and normal transmission control protocol (TCP) DDoS flood attacks. It introduces two enhanced statistical detection and mitigation algorithms that work seamlessly with the open network operating system (ONOS) SDN controller, and sFlow‐RT engine in real‐time. Through a comprehensive set of experiments, our empirical findings demonstrate that the proposed algorithms efficiently detect and mitigate attacks with minimal average detection time, and negligible impact on resource consumption. By utilizing tuned threshold values based on network traffic volume, TCP flood attack detection (TFAD) algorithm and the synchronized TCP flood attack detection (STFAD) Algorithm achieved a minimal average detection time, of 4.032 and 3.430 s, respectively. These algorithms also have high detection accuracy in distinguishing normal traffic when appropriate threshold values are applied. Overall, this research significantly contributes to fortifying SDN networks with robust security measures, enhancing their resilience against evolving cyber threats.
PM2.5 Concentration Prediction Using CNN‐LSTM Model Based on Multi‐Feature Fusion
Authors: Wang Zhiwen , Huang Jiexia , Huang Junlin , Wang Yuhang , Zhang Canlong 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn order to solve the problem that the existing PM2.5 concentration prediction methods ignore the spatial and temporal influencing factors of PM2.5 concentration, this paper constructs a spatial characteristic factor of PM2.5 concentration based on the maximum information coefficient, and proposes a CNN‐LSTM combined prediction model based on multi‐feature fusion, which transforms the abstract spatial and temporal influencing factors into quantifiable features. The model has good feature extraction ability and strong ability to capture short‐term transient information and long‐range dependent information in time series data, which improves the prediction performance of the model. The experimental results show that the prediction accuracy of CNN‐LSTM model based on multi‐feature fusion is 87.21%, and MAPE is 6.25, 4.84, and 1.29 less than BP, SVR, and LightGBM, and 1.91 and 7.04 less than CNN and LSTM.
Digital Twinning of Interorgan Communications
Authors: Fortnow Lance 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTRecent advances in our ability to collect and process information, particularly through artificial intelligence, opens up some exciting possibilities for understanding interorgan communication and treating conditions that arise from that communication breaking down. We describe a vision of a digital twin of interorgan communication that will give us a testbed for virtually researching, teaching and searching treatments, greatly increasing our capabilities to understand and manage the complex interactions in our bodies.
A Theoretical Investigation on the Structural, Electronic and Photocatalytic Properties of BaTaO2N Adsorbed with Metal Cocatalysts
Authors: Zhou Xin , Zhou Keyu , Zhang Huan , Sun Xinyi 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWe have performed DFT calculations to study the adsorption of single metal atoms (M=Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) on both BaO‐ and TaON‐terminated surfaces of cis‐BaTaO2N (001). We have identified the most stable adsorption configuration of each case and explored the relative stability, structural deformations, charge transfer, work function, density of states and mechanism of photocatalytic HER. For BaO termination, all of the adatoms bind covalently on top of the surface oxygens. For TaON termination, the metal atoms are located at the fourfold hollow site. The single metal atoms tend to exist on TaON‐termination while they are apt to aggregate on BaO‐termination. The formation of impurity states in the band gap is mostly originated from the adatom. When electrons are transferred from the adatom to the surface, the conduction band of semiconductor becomes partially occupied. The charge gained from the BaO termination or transferred to the TaON termination reduces with the increase in electronegativity of metal adatoms. The attachment of metal atoms on the BaO termination is favorable to the improvement of HER activity. While the TaON termination adsorbed with Ti, V and Cr may have better or comparable performance of HER compared with the pure surface.
Influence of Therapist Attachment Style on the Working Alliance in Individual Psychotherapy: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Marín‐Cavestany María , De la Cruz María Ángeles , Durán Juan I. , Stiles Bryan J. , Lahera Guillermo , Andrade‐González Nelson 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionAttachment style and working alliance are two fundamental variables in psychotherapy. This systematic review aims to provide data on the relationship between therapist attachment and alliance in psychotherapy, updating a previous review and providing a quantitative synthesis (meta‐analysis).MethodThe Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) Statement recommendations were followed. The databases PsycINFO, PubMed and Web of Science were searched from June 1, 2016, to May 30, 2024, supplemented by a manual search. A regulated study selection process was performed, followed by data extraction and risk of bias assessment. A qualitative and quantitative analysis of the included studies was performed.ResultsNine studies were selected for the systematic review that included 354 patients and 741 mental health professionals. In five studies, different types of attachment (secure, anxious and avoidant) were related to the alliance. In addition, this relationship was partially mediated by therapeutic optimism, role security, therapeutic commitment or emotional regulation strategy. Of the 23 articles selected from both systematic reviews, 12 studies were included in the meta‐analysis. A systematic correlation between anxious attachment style and the alliance was found only when the assessment of the alliance was performed by therapists (r = −0.31).ConclusionsThere is evidence that therapist attachment may influence the formation and maintenance of a higher‐quality working alliance. However, further studies with more precise measures of both constructs are needed to better understand this relationship and its clinical implications.
Plasmon Hot Carriers: Cognizing, Utilizing, and Regulating
Authors: Liang Wenkai , Li Dong , Wang Yawen , Zhao Bo , Liu Chang , Sun Yinghui , Jiang Lin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect can effectively utilize and transform solar energy, which is an ideal candidate to solve the energy crisis. In particular, plasmon hot carriers generated by LSPR effect are the focus of current research because their energy characteristics are higher than the Fermi level, which can easily promote the chemical reaction on the catalysts and improve the photoelectric performance of the optoelectronic devices. In this review, the generation of hot carriers and their decay pathways under different nano‐structured models are discussed, and their unique significance is highlighted. Meanwhile, recent research advances in cognizing the plasmon hot carriers, the role of hot carriers in various applications, and the regulating mechanism of hot carriers in the nanostructure are discussed in depth. In addition, the limitations and challenges of the current research on plasmon hot carriers are presented, and prospects for the future are proposed.
Ultrasonic Hardware Circuit Design and Signal Processing for Measuring Axial Stress of Small‐Sized Bolts
Authors: Liu Enxiao , Chen Yuanlin , Liu Yongmeng , Zheng Jinde , Deng Shuchao 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe precise measurement of the axial stress of bolts is of great significance for improving the assembly accuracy and performance stability of high‐end equipment such as aeroengines. In response to the problem of low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of the echo signal in the measurement of axial stress of small‐sized bolts using the ultrasonic method, this paper optimizes the design of hardware circuits to improve the SNR of the echo signal, thereby achieving accurate measurement of axial stress. The transmission circuit is optimized and designed to reduce clutter interference. To overcome the impact of aliasing between the transmitted signal and the echo signal, the pulse repetition frequency of the ultrasonic transmission circuit is optimized. To suppress the impact of high‐voltage transmitted pulse signals on echo signals, an optocoupler is used to optimize the isolation circuit of ultrasonic transmitted pulses. An experimental system was established based on the axial stress measurement model of small‐sized bolts. The maximum error in axial stress measurement of small‐sized bolts (M6) was 26.50 MPa, with a relative error of 8.8%. The feasibility of the hardware circuit designed in this paper has been verified through measurement experiments. This study provides effective hardware and technical support for precisely measuring the axial stress of small‐sized bolts in high‐end equipment.
Role of the FOXM1/CMA/ER stress axis in regulating the progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Ma Shuoyi , Xia Erzhuo , Zhang Miao , Hu Yinan , Tian Siyuan , Zheng Xiaohong , Li Bo , Ma Gang , Su Rui , Sun Keshuai , Fan Qingling , Yang Fangfang , Guo Guanya , Guo Changcun , Shang Yulong , Zhou Xinmin , Zhou Xia , Wang Jingbo , Han Ying 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackground/aimsThe molecular mechanisms driving nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) progression are poorly understood. This research examines the involvement of chaperone‐mediated autophagy (CMA) in NASH progression.MethodsHepatic CMA activity was analysed in NASH mice and patients. Lysosome‐associated membrane protein 2A (LAMP2A) was knocked down or overexpressed to assess the effects of hepatocyte‐specific CMA on NASH progression. Mice received a high‐fat diet or a methionine and choline‐deficient diet to induce NASH. Palmitic acid was employed to mimic lipotoxicity‐induced hepatocyte damage in vitro. The promoter activity of FOXM1 was evaluated via ChIP and dual‐luciferase reporter assays.ResultsHepatic CMA activity was substantially low in NASH mice and patients. LAMP2A knockdown resulted in hepatocyte‐specific CMA deficiency, which promoted fibrosis and hepatic inflammation in NASH mice. Both in vitro and in vivo, CMA deficiency also exacerbated hepatocyte damage and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Mechanistically, CMA deficiency in hepatocytes increased cholesterol accumulation by blocking the degradation of 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMGCR), a key cholesterol synthesis‐related enzyme, and the accumulated cholesterol subsequently induced ER stress and hepatocyte damage. The restoration of hepatocyte‐specific CMA activity effectively ameliorated diet‐induced NASH and ER stress in vivo and in vitro. FOXM1 directly bound to LAMP2A promoter and negatively regulated its transcription. The upregulation of FOXM1 expression impaired CMA and enhanced ER stress, which in turn increased FOXM1 expression, resulting in a vicious cycle and promoting NASH development.ConclusionsThis study highlights the significance of the FOXM1/CMA/ER stress axis in NASH progression and proposes novel therapeutic targets for NASH.Key points
Chaperone‐mediated autophagy (CMA) deficiency in hepatocytes promotes hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in mice with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) by inducing cholesterol accumulation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress.
Upregulated FOXM1 impairs CMA by suppressing the transcription of lysosome‐associated membrane protein 2A (LAMP2A), a rate‐limiting component of CMA.
ER stress increases FOXM1 expression and cholesterol accumulation.
FOXM1/CMA/ER stress axis forms a vicious circle and promotes the development of NASH.
Spatial‒temporal heterogeneities of liver cancer and the discovery of the invasive zone
Authors: Yan Jiayan , Jiang Zhifeng , Zhang Shiyu , Yu Qichao , Lu Yijun , Miao Runze , Tang Zhaoyou , Fan Jia , Wu Liang , Duda Dan G. , Zhou Jian , Yang Xinrong 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSolid tumours are intricate and highly heterogeneous ecosystems, which grow in and invade normal organs. Their progression is mediated by cancer cells’ interaction with different cell types, such as immune cells, stromal cells and endothelial cells, and with the extracellular matrix. Owing to its high incidence, aggressive growth and resistance to local and systemic treatments, liver cancer has particularly high mortality rates worldwide. In recent decades, spatial heterogeneity has garnered significant attention as an unfavourable biological characteristic of the tumour microenvironment, prompting extensive research into its role in liver tumour development. Advances in spatial omics have facilitated the detailed spatial analysis of cell types, states and cell‒cell interactions, allowing a thorough understanding of the spatial and temporal heterogeneities of tumour microenvironment and informing the development of novel therapeutic approaches. This review illustrates the latest discovery of the invasive zone, and systematically introduced specific macroscopic spatial heterogeneities, pathological spatial heterogeneities and tumour microenvironment heterogeneities of liver cancer.
What is behind the chest pain? Rare esophageal hematoma caused by betel nut: A case report
Authors: Guan Chundi , Wang Meng Yang , Jia Xingfang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis case report reported a case of huge esophageal hematoma caused by chewing betel nut. The patient was admitted to the hospital due to chest pain. After a multidisciplinary diagnosis by the Department of Gastroenterology, Cardiology, and Radiology, it was finally determined that the patient's chest pain was caused by a huge esophageal hematoma. After diagnosis and treatment, we observed the longitudinal ulcer after the healing of the esophageal giant hematoma. This case report provides evidence that chewing betel nuts may be a cause of gastrointestinal bleeding.
A Leopard Cub (Panthera pardus kotiya) Adopted by Kin and Non‐Kin Leopardesses Consecutively
Authors: Silva Dushyantha , Wattegedera Milinda , Piyasena Mevan , Siriwardene Raveendra , Hewage Sasindu , Sooriyabandara Meegasthanne Gamaralalage Chandana , Marasinghe Marasinghe Sumanasirige Lesly Ranjan Pushpakumara , Nilanthi Rajapakse M. R. , Wimaladasa Prasantha , Ranasinghe Gotabhaya , Perera Kaveesha 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe study examines alloparental care and adoption in the Sri Lankan leopard population at Yala National Park, Sri Lanka. Using the multi‐point leopard identification method, it documents a remarkable instance: a leopard cub initially adopted by its maternal aunt and later by an unrelated female with no prior connection to the cub. The cub had a sibling litter mate, who was not seen in the park after the initial adoption ended by the maternal aunt. We consider this behavior noteworthy in especially solitary animal species such as leopards. Our study was conducted for a period of 2 years and 5 months (from February 2021 to July 2023). Our observations highlight the dynamics of these adoptions and the behaviors exhibited. Altruistic acts, such as feeding, brushing, and shielding the cubs, were observed. These inspections challenge the conventional knowledge regarding leopard behaviors. Notably, the adoption of the cub by unrelated females, despite the absence of genetic ties, exemplifies a form of mutually beneficial reciprocal altruism, offering advantages to both parties. The following study explains leopard adoptions using evolutionary theories like kin altruism and reciprocal altruism. It suggests factors such as genetic relatedness, mutual dependency, and possible misidentification influenced the act of adoption. These rare altruistic acts benefit the leopard population. Our study opposes traditional concepts of solitary Sri Lankan leopards. Altruistic behaviors, influenced by genetic relatedness and reciprocal benefits, emphasize social dynamics in predator populations. These findings enhance the understanding of evolutionary mechanisms and cooperative behaviors in maintaining population fitness in the Sri Lankan leopard population.
Preferred nectar sources for the monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus plexippus) along the Great Plains migration pathway
Authors: Spaeth Kenneth E. , Williams C. Jason , Moranz Ray A. , Taliga Christine , Rutherford William A. , Simpson Brenda 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPopulation declines of the monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus plexippus) in North America have largely been attributed to the distribution and condition of species‐specific preferred nectar sources. In 2020, the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) listed the monarch butterfly in the US Federal Register as a candidate species under the Endangered Species Act of 1973. The USFWS ranked the availability, quality, and spatial distribution of nectar plants during autumn migration as the fourth most contributing factor to US monarch population declines. During the autumn migration through the Great Plains, monarchs seek nectar plants to accumulate lipid reserves for further migration to and overwintering in Mexico. We applied vegetation and rangeland health data from the US Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, National Resources Inventory (NRI) to quantify species density and richness of monarch‐preferred nectar plants, associated rangeland conditions, and diversity of nectar sources along this autumn migration pathway. We focused specifically on longitudinal gradients W‐095‐100 and W‐100‐105 and discrete 5° latitudinal–longitudinal cells within those gradients. The respective NRI dataset spans 8211 rangeland sites sampled between 2009 and 2018. Approximately 84.4% of sites in W‐095‐100 and 72.5% of sites in W‐100‐105 contained monarch‐preferred nectar plants. Preferred nectar plants made up 7.4% of 2438 identified plant species in W‐095‐100 and 6.1% of 2371 identified plant species in W‐100‐105. For W‐095‐100, preferred nectar plant densities were highest for the 5° cell covering portions of US states Oklahoma and Kansas and lowest for the 5° cell at the US–Mexico border. In W‐100‐105, preferred nectar plant densities decreased linearly from north to south. Preferred nectar plant densities were greater for 5° cells in W‐100‐105 (50.5 billion plants) as compared with W‐095‐100 (44.4 billion plants). Consistent with trends in preferred nectar source density, rangeland conditions assessed by similarity indices and rangeland health protocols were generally lowest for 5° cells spanning the US–Mexico border. The results provide the most comprehensive assessment to date for preferred nectar sources of the monarch butterfly along the Great Plains autumn migration to Mexico and document generally decreasing nectar sources and habitat conditions at southern latitudes in this ecologically important pathway.
Toll‐Like Receptor Blockage by TIP‐1 and MIP‐2 Treatment Mitigates Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Adult‐Onset Still's Disease or Still's Disease
Authors: Ahn Mi‐Hyun , Choi Yang Seon , Lee Sang‐Won , Choi Sangdun , Kim Hyoun‐Ah 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe inflammatory response triggered by Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) may implicated in the development of the pathogenesis of adult‐onset Still's disease (AOSD). This study evaluated the efficacy of TLR inhibitor peptides, specifically TLR inhibitor peptide 1 (TIP‐1) and MAL/MyD88 inhibitory peptide 2 (MIP‐2) in animal models of AOSD. THP‐1 cells were stimulated with TLR agonists and treated with TIP‐1 or MIP‐2. Interferon (IFN)‐γ knock‐out mice were induced with AOSD‐like symptoms using Mycobacterium mixed with Freund's complete adjuvant (CFA), then treated with the peptides. THP‐1 cells treated with TIP‐1 and MIP‐2 showed significantly decreased expression of TLRs agonist‐induced MyD88 and phosphorylated NF‐κB, except TLR9 agonists. Furthermore, the peptides resulted in a significant decrease in the concentrations of interleukin (IL)‐1β and IL‐6 in the culture supernatants, except TLR9 agonists. In animal models of AOSD, treatment with inhibitor peptides significantly improved their clinical symptoms. The administration of these peptides resulted in a significant decrease in serum levels of IL‐1β and IL‐18. The expression of inflammatory cytokines were downregulated in the spleen and lymph node of TIP‐1 and MIP‐2 treated mice. These findings suggest that TIP‐1 and MIP‐2 may be effective candidates for AOSD treatment, as they have broad specificity for TLRs.
IQGAP1 Influences Neutrophil Maturation and Its Effector Functions
Authors: Hou Lifei , Hsu Alan , Luo Hongbo , Yuki Koichi 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 1 (IQGAP1) is a protein scaffold that integrates signals regulating various cellular functions. Recently, utilizing proteomics as a discovery tool and co‐immunoprecipitation as a validation method, we reported IQGAP1 as a potential ligand for CD11c, an adhesion molecule that was highly expressed in the intracellular components of neutrophils and regulated the maturation, survival, and function of neutrophils. To date, the role of IQGAP1 in inflammation and immune response is largely unknown. In this study, we reported the direct binding of CD11c with IQGAP1 through various methods. In addition, we investigated the role of IQGAP1 in neutrophil functions by using IQGAP1 knockout (KO) mice. We discovered that IQGAP1 deficiency led to impaired bone marrow neutrophil maturation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, phagocytosis, and neutrophil extracellular traps formation. Thus, for the first time, we reported the essential role of IQGAP1 in neutrophil development.
Deciphering the Human Germinal Center: A Review of Models to Study T–B Cell Interactions
Authors: Fleischmann Elisa , Middelkamp Vera , van den Broek Theo 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTInteractions between T‐ and B cells in the germinal center reaction are instrumental for the initiation, maintenance, and downregulation of the human adaptive immune response, leading to the production of antigen‐specific antibodies and long‐lasting immunological memory. Replicating the human immune system remains challenging, with an over‐reliance on animal models with limited translational accuracy. There is an increasing need for new tools that accurately model human immune function. This review evaluates existing 2D and 3D in vitro and ex vivo human models for their ability to reproduce the germinal center reaction, with a particular focus on T‐ and B‐cell interaction. We conclude that although current models are able to replicate certain features of the germinal center reaction, no current model is able to completely replicate the complex human GC process. We outline the challenges in recreating a fully functional germinal center and suggest future directions of research to improve existing models, ultimately bringing us closer to completely reproducing the human lymph node.