bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prevalence of atypical presentations and comorbidities of benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes
Authors: Tovia Eliel , Goldberg‐Stern Hadassa , Ben Zeev Bruria , Heyman Eli , Watemberg Nathan , Fattal‐Valevski Aviva , Kramer Uri 
Published: June 2011

SummaryPurpose: Benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BCECTS) is the most common epileptic syndrome in childhood. The outcome is usually excellent, but there are some atypical forms of BCECTS with less favorable outcomes. The aim of this study was to delineate the frequency of these atypical features among patients with BCECTS.Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart study by retrieving the medical records of all consecutive patients with BCECTS who were evaluated in four pediatric neurology outpatient clinics in Israel between the years 1991 and 2008.Key Findings: A total of 196 patients with BCECTS were identified (78 female and 118 male; mean age at time of diagnosis 7.64 years, range 1.5–14). The mean duration of follow‐up was 4.43 years (range 2–11). Nine patients (4.6%) developed electrical status epilepticus in slow waves sleep (ESES) during follow‐up, four (2%) had Landau‐Kleffner syndrome, three (1.5%) had BCECTS with frequent refractory seizures, two (1%) had BCECTS with falls at presentation, one (0.5%) had a “classic” atypical variant, and one (0.5%) had oromotor dysfunction. None had rolandic status epilepticus. Sixty‐one patients (31%) had attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), 43 (21.9%) had specific cognitive deficits, and 23 (11.7%) had behavioral abnormalities, including aggressiveness, anxiety disorders, depression, and pervasive developmental disorder (PDD).Significance: The prevalence of most atypical forms of BCECTS other than ESES is low. There is, however, a high prevalence of ADHD and specific cognitive deficits among patients with BCECTS.
Health Care Costs in Patients with Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Prescribed Pregabalin or Duloxetine
Authors: Burke James P. , Sanchez Robert J. , Joshi Ashish V. , Cappelleri Joseph C. , Kulakodlu Mahesh , Halpern Rachel 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackground:  Pregabalin and duloxetine are two FDA‐approved medications for the treatment of pain associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (pDPN). The objective of this study was to compare changes in all‐cause and pDPN‐related health care costs in patients with pDPN initiated on pregabalin or duloxetine.Methods:  Patients at least 18 years of age initiating pregabalin or duloxetine between March 1, 2006 and December 31, 2008 were identified from a large U.S. managed care plan database. The date of the first pregabalin or duloxetine prescription was defined as the index date. Patients with claims‐based evidence of pDPN and who had continuous enrollment for 6‐month pre‐ and post‐index periods were selected for study inclusion. Duloxetine patients with depression or generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) were excluded. All‐cause and pDPN‐related total health care costs (over 6 month pre‐index and post‐index periods) were analyzed with difference‐in‐differences (DiD) models.Results:  A total of 2,136 patients (1,785 pregabalin and 351 duloxetine) were identified. No significant differences in gender, age, or pre‐index Quan–Charlson comorbidity score were observed between the two cohorts. No significant differences (pregabalin vs. duloxetine) in pre‐index to post‐index change in mean all‐cause health care costs ($1,411 vs. $1,560, P = 0.93) or mean pDPN‐related health care costs ($704 vs. −$240, P = 0.22) were found. The DiD models showed no significant difference in all‐cause (mean) costs attributable to pregabalin vs. duloxetine therapy between pre‐index and post‐index periods (mean cost ratio = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.75 to 1.26), but showed that patients receiving pregabalin had a significantly higher increase in pDPN‐related costs compared with patients receiving duloxetine (mean cost ratio = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.01 to 5.46). However, the difference (pre‐ to post‐index) in pDPN‐related costs attributable to pregabalin vs. duloxetine therapy was nonsignificant (mean cost ratio = 2.30, 95% CI: 0.93 to 5.68) in a sensitivity analysis in which patients with depression and GAD were excluded from both cohorts.Conclusion:  No differences were noted in all‐cause costs attributable to pregabalin or duloxetine. Although patients receiving pregabalin had a significantly greater pre‐ to post‐index increase in pDPN‐related health care costs compared with patients receiving duloxetine, this may have been due to an imbalance in patient exclusion criteria between cohorts. ▪
How do tenascins influence the birth and life of a malignant cell?
Authors: Brellier Florence , Chiquet‐Ehrismann Ruth 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Introduction
Birth of a malignant cell
Niches for self‐renewable cells
Expression patterns in tumours
Promotion of tumour cell proliferation
Promotion of tumour cell migration
Contribution to epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)
Promotion of angiogenesis
Promotion of metastasis
How do tenascins signal to cells?
Importance of the mechanical aspect
Evasion of tumour cells from conventional therapy
Conclusions
Tenascins are large glycoproteins found in embryonic and adult extracellular matrices. Of the four family members, two have been shown to be overexpressed in the microenvironment of solid tumours: tenascin‐C and tenascin‐W. The regular presence of these proteins in tumours suggests a role in tumourigenesis, which has been investigated intensively for tenascin‐C and recently for tenascin‐W as well. In this review, we follow a malignant cell starting from its birth through its potential metastatic journey and describe how tenascin‐C and tenascin‐W contribute to these successive steps of tumourigenesis. We consider the importance of the mechanical aspect in tenascin signalling. Furthermore, we discuss studies describing tenascin‐C as an important component of stem cell niches and present examples reporting its role in cancer therapy resistance.
Profilin1 facilitates staurosporine‐triggered apoptosis by stabilizing the integrin β1–actin complex in breast cancer cells
Authors: Yao Wantong , Yu Xianjun , Fang Zhengyu , Yin Peng , Zhao Chao , Li Na , Wang Liying , Li Zengxia , Zha Xiliang 
Published: June 2011

AbstractProfilin1 (Pfn1) functions as a tumour suppressor against malignant phenotypes of cancer cells. A minimum level of Pfn1 is critical for the differentiation of human epithelial cells, and its lower expression correlates with the tumourigenesis of breast cancer cells and tissues. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying its anti‐tumour action remain largely unknown. In this study, we found that stable expression of ectopic Pfn1 sensitized the breast cancer cell line MDA‐MB‐468 to apoptosis induced by staurosporine, a widely used natural apoptosis‐inducing agent. Pfn1 overexpression could also up‐regulate the expression of integrin α5β1, which has been shown to inhibit the transformed phenotype of cancer cells. Furthermore, the Pfn1‐facilitated apoptosis induced by staurosporine was blocked in cells attached to a supplementary fibronectin substrate, which serves as a ligand of integrin α5β1. These results suggest that the insufficient fibronectin caused by the integrin α5β1 up‐regulation might activate a signalling pathway leading to an increase of cellular apoptosis. Moreover, Pfn1 that primarily functions to promote local superstructure formation involving actin filaments and integrin β1 may contribute to its promotion on apoptosis. Our study indicated a previously uncharacterized role of Pfn1 in mediating staurosporine‐inducing apoptosis in breast cancer cells via up‐regulating integrin α5β1, and suggested a new target for breast cancer therapy.
Variable beta‐glucans production by different states of Eurotium amstelodami explains differences in inflammatory responses in airway cells
Authors: BELLANGER ANNE‐PAULINE , MILLON LAURENCE , ROGNON BÉNÉDICTE , ROUSSEL SANDRINE , BOTTEREL FRANÇOISE , BRETAGNE STÉPHANE , REBOUX GABRIEL 
Published: June 2011

Bellanger A‐P, Millon L, Rognon B, Roussel S, Botterel F, Bretagne S, Reboux G. Variable beta‐glucans production by different states of Eurotium amstelodami explains differences in inflammatory responses in airway cells. APMIS 2011.Eurotium amstelodami, a mold frequently identified in housing and farm air samples, is a suspected cause of respiratory diseases such as allergic alveolitis, atopic asthma, and organic dust toxic syndrome. This fungus is present in the air in three different states (ascospores, conidia, and hyphae). The aim of this study was to test in vitro the differential inflammatory response of airway cells exposed to 1,3 betaglucanase‐treated protein extract (BGPE), from E. amstelodami ascospores, conidia, and hyphae. Confluent cells from the A549 cell line were inoculated with calibrated BGPE issued from the three fungal forms. The levels of eight cytokines and chemokines involved in inflammatory responses were measured after 8 h of exposure. Beta‐d‐glucan (BDG) was quantified in total fungal extract as well as in the BGPE from the three fungal states. Hyphal BGPE were the only ones to induce a marked inflammatory response and they contain higher quantities of BDG. The present study adds to the growing body of evidence that beta‐glucan from fungal hyphae play a crucial role in respiratory diseases.
Cardiac myxoma in Iceland: a case series with an estimation of population incidence
Authors: SIGURJONSSON HANNES , ANDERSEN KARL , GARDARSDOTTIR MARIANNA , PETURSDOTTIR VIGDIS , KLEMENZSON GUDMUNDUR , GUNNARSSON GUNNAR , DANIELSEN RAGNAR , GUDBJARTSSON TOMAS 
Published: June 2011

Sigurjonsson H, Andersen K, Gardarsdottir M, Petursdottir V, Klemenzson G, Gunnarsson G, Danielsen R, Gudbjartsson T. Cardiac myxoma in Iceland: a case series with an estimation of population incidence, APMIS 2011.Cardiac myxoma (CM) is the most common primary benign tumor of the heart, but the true age‐standardized incidence rate (ASR) has remained unknown. We therefore used nationwide registries in Iceland to study CM and establish its incidence rate. This was a retrospective study involving all patients diagnosed with CM in Iceland between 1986 and 2010. Cases were identified through three different registries, and hospital charts and histology results reviewed. An ASR was estimated based on a world standard population (w). Nine cases of CM (six women) were identified with a mean age of 62.8 years (range: 37–85), giving an ASR of 0.11 (95% CI: 0.05–0.22) per 100 000. The mean tumor size was 4.4 cm (range: 1.5–8.0) with all the tumors located in the left atrium. Dyspnea (n = 6) and ischemic stroke (n = 2) were the most common symptoms. All patients underwent complete resection of the tumor and there were no postoperative deaths or CM‐related deaths at follow‐up (mean 85 months). The ASR of CM in Iceland was 0.11 per 100 000. To our knowledge, this is the first study to determine the incidence of CM in an entire population. In Iceland, the presenting symptoms and mode of detection of CM are similar to those in other series.
Early milk availability modulates the activity of choline acetyltransferase in the cerebral cortex of rats
Authors: AIZAWA Shu , NAKAMURA Ryosuke , YAMAGUCHI Yuki , SENSUI Naoto , YAMAMURO Yutaka 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of milk in the early stage of lactation on the maturation of cholinergic neurons in the cerebral cortex of rats. Pups were removed from their mothers immediately following parturition and placed with foster dams at days 5–7 of lactation. At days 18 and 56 after birth, the activity of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), an enzyme responsible for acetylcholine synthesis, in different areas of the cerebral cortex was examined by high‐performance liquid chromatography electrochemical detection. In the frontal and hindlimb/parietal regions of the cerebral cortex, the lack of early milk significantly decreased ChAT activity at days 18 and 56. There was no effect on gains in the body or brain weight of infants. ChAT activity in the occipital area tended to be lower in the early milk‐deprived rats. The intake of early milk potentially contributes not only to nutrients for the growth of newborn infants, but also to the functional maturation of the cholinergic neurotransmission system in a region‐specific manner.
Prenatal diagnosis of a fetus with anencephaly and thumb agenesis
Authors: Barone Chiara , Bartoloni Giovanni , Cataliotti Antonella , Indaco Lara , Pappalardo Elisa , Barrano Barbara , Ettore Giuseppe , Bianca Sebastiano 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTSevere anomalies of the forebrain together with reduction limb anomalies are a rare congenital anomalies association. We report a prenatal diagnosis of acalvaria, anencephaly and thumb agenesis in a voluntary terminated fetus and discuss the role of genetic counseling.
Tyrosine phosphorylation of tau regulates its interactions with Fyn SH2 domains, but not SH3 domains, altering the cellular localization of tau
Authors: Usardi Alessia , Pooler Amy M. , Seereeram Anjan , Reynolds C. Hugh , Derkinderen Pascal , Anderton Brian , Hanger Diane P. , Noble Wendy , Williamson Ritchie 
Published: June 2011

Recent reports have demonstrated that interactions between the microtubule‐associated protein tau and the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase Fyn play a critical role in mediating synaptic toxicity and neuronal loss in response to β‐amyloid (Aβ) in models of Alzheimer’s disease. Disruption of interactions between Fyn and tau may thus have the potential to protect neurons from Aβ‐induced neurotoxicity. Here, we investigated tau and Fyn interactions and the potential implications for positioning of these proteins in membrane microdomains. Tau is known to bind to Fyn via its Src‐homology (SH)3 domain, an association regulated by phosphorylation of PXXP motifs in tau. Here, we show that Pro216 within the PXXP(213–216) motif in tau plays an important role in mediating the interaction of tau with Fyn‐SH3. We also show that tau interacts with the SH2 domain of Fyn, and that this association, unlike that of Fyn‐SH3, is influenced by Fyn‐mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of tau. In particular, phosphorylation of tau at Tyr18, a reported target of Fyn, is important for mediating Fyn‐SH2–tau interactions. Finally, we show that tyrosine phosphorylation influences the localization of tau to detergent‐resistant membrane microdomains in primary cortical neurons, and that this trafficking is Fyn‐dependent. These findings may have implications for the development of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at disrupting the tau/Fyn‐mediated synaptic dysfunction that occurs in response to elevated Aβ levels in neurodegenerative disease.Structured digital abstract
Fyn physically interacts with tau by pull down (View interaction)
Fyn physically interacts with tau by pull down (View interaction)
Recombinase‐mediated Gene Stacking as a Transformation Operating SystemF
Authors: Ow David W. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract David W. Ow (Corresponding author) The current method for combining transgenes into a genome is through the assortment of independent loci, a classical operating system compatible with transgenic traits created by different developers, at different times and/or through different transformation techniques. However, as the number of transgenic loci increases over time, increasingly larger populations are needed to find the rare individual with the desired assortment of transgenic loci along with the non‐transgenic elite traits. Introducing a transgene directly into a field cultivar would bypass the need to introgress the engineered trait. However, this necessitates separate transformations into numerous field cultivars, along with the characterization and regulatory approval of each independent transformation event. Reducing the number of segregating transgenic loci could be achieved if multiple traits are introduced at the same time, a preferred option if each of the many traits is new or requires re‐engineering. If re‐engineering of previously introduced traits is not needed, then appending a new trait to an existing locus would be a rational strategy. The insertion of new DNA at a known locus can be accomplished by site‐specific integration, through a host‐dependent homology‐based process, or a heterologous site‐specific recombination system. Here, we discuss gene stacking through the use of site‐specific recombinases.
Pseudo‐nitzschia blooms, domoic acid, and related California sea lion strandings in Monterey Bay, California
Authors: Bargu Sibel , Goldstein Tracey , Roberts Kathryn , Li Chunyan , Gulland Frances 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBlooms of the toxin‐producing diatom Pseudo‐nitzschia commonly occur in Monterey Bay, California, resulting in sea lion mortality events. The links between strandings of California sea lions suffering from domoic acid (DA) toxicity, toxic cell numbers, and their associated DA concentration in Monterey Bay and in sea lion feces were examined from 2004 to 2007. While Pseudo‐nitzschia toxic cells and DA concentrations were detectable in the water column most of the time, they were often at low levels. A total of 82 California sea lions were found stranded in the Bay between 2004 and 2007 with acute or chronic signs associated with DA poisoning. The highest number with detectable DA in feces occurred in April 2007 and corresponded with the presence of a highly toxic bloom in the Bay. Higher DA levels occurred in feces from sea lions stranding with acute toxicosis and lower concentrations in feces of sea lions exhibiting signs of chronic DA poisoning or not exhibiting any neurologic signs. Results indicated that sea lions are likely exposed to varying levels of DA through their prey throughout the year, often at sublethal doses that may contribute to a continued increase in the development of chronic neurologic sequelae.
Reduction of Fumonisin B1 in Corn Grits by Twin‐Screw Extrusion
Authors: Jackson Lauren S. , Jablonski Joseph , Bullerman Lloyd B. , Bianchini Andreia , Hanna Milford A. , Voss Kenneth A. , Hollub April D. , Ryu Dojin 
Published: June 2011

Abstract:  This study was designed to investigate the fate of fumonisins in flaking corn grits during twin‐screw extrusion by measuring fumonisin B1 (FB1) and its analogs with a mass balance approach. Food grade corn grits and 2 batches of grits contaminated with FB1 at 10 and 50 μg/g by Fusarium verticillioides M‐2552 were processed with or without glucose supplementation (10%, w/w) with a twin‐screw extruder. Extrusion reduced FB1 in contaminated grits by 64% to 72% without glucose and 89% to 94% with added glucose. In addition, extrusion alone resulted in 26% to 73% reduction in the levels of fumonisin B2 and fumonisin B3, while levels of both mycotoxins were reduced by >89% in extruded corn grits containing 10% glucose. Mass balance analysis showed that 38% to 46% of the FB1 species detected in corn extruded with glucose was N‐(deoxy‐D‐fructos‐1‐yl)‐FB1, while 23% to 37% of FB1 species detected in extruded corn grits with and without added glucose was bound to the matrix. It was also found that the hydrolyzed form of FB1 was a minor species in extruded corn grits with or without added glucose, representing <15% of the total FB1 species present. Less than 46% of FB1 originally present in corn grits could be detected in the fumonisin analogues measured in this study. Research is needed to identify the reaction products resulting from extrusion processing of fumonisin‐contaminated corn products.Practical Application:  Twin‐screw extrusion is widely used in food industry for its versatility. This technology may reduce the level of fumonisins in corn particularly with added glucose.
Utilization of African Grains for Sourdough Bread Making
Authors: Coda Rossana , Di Cagno Raffaella , Rizzello Carlo G. , Nionelli Luana , Edema Mojisola O. , Gobbetti Marco 
Published: June 2011

Abstract:  Acha and Iburu flours were singly subjected to sourdough fermentation with previously selected autochthonous starters. Sourdoughs were used (30%, wt/wt) as aroma carriers and acidifiers during short time fermentation with the addition of baker's yeast. Acha and Iburu sourdough breads were compared to wheat sourdough bread started with the same strains and to breads made with the same formula but using baker's yeast alone. During Acha and Iburu sourdough fermentations, starter lactic acid bacteria reached almost the same cell density found in wheat sourdoughs. Acidification was more intense. Iburu sourdough bread had the highest total titratable acidity, the lowest pH, and contained the highest levels of free amino acids and phytase activity. The values of in vitro protein digestibility did not differ between Acha sourdough and wheat sourdough breads, while Iburu sourdough bread showed a slightly lower value. Acha and Iburu sourdough breads showed lower specific volume and higher density with respect to wheat sourdough breads. Nevertheless, Acha and Iburu sourdough breads were preferred for hardness and resilience. As shown by sensory analysis, Acha and especially Iburu sourdough breads were appreciated for color, acid taste and flavor, and overall acceptability.Practical Application:  This study was aimed at evaluating the technological and nutritional properties of the African cereals Acha and Iburu. Sourdough fermentation and the use of selected starters increased the nutritional and sensory qualities and the potential application for bakery industry.
Maintenance of Safety and Quality of Refrigerated Ready‐to‐Cook Seasoned Ground Beef Product (Meatball) by Combining Gamma Irradiation with Modified Atmosphere Packaging
Authors: Gunes Gurbuz , Ozturk Aylin , Yilmaz Neriman , Ozcelik Beraat 
Published: June 2011

Abstract:  Meatballs were prepared by mixing ground beef and spices and inoculated with E. coli O157:H7, L. monocytogenes, and S. enteritidis before packaged in modified atmosphere (3% O2+ 50% CO2+ 47% N2) or aerobic conditions. The packaged samples were irradiated at 0.75, 1.5, and 3 kGy doses and stored at 4 °C for 21 d. Survival of the pathogens, total plate count, lipid oxidation, color change, and sensory quality were analyzed during storage. Irradiation at 3 kGy inactivated all the inoculated (approximately 106 CFU/g) S. enteritidis and L. monocytogenes cells in the samples. The inoculated (approximately 106 CFU/g) E. coli O157:H7 cells were totally inactivated by 1.5 kGy irradiation. D10‐values for E. coli O157:H7, S. enteritidis, and L. monocytogenes were 0.24, 0.43, and 0.41 kGy in MAP and 0.22, 0.39, and 0.39 kGy in aerobic packages, respectively. Irradiation at 1.5 and 3 kGy resulted in 0.13 and 0.36 mg MDA/kg increase in 2‐thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS) reaching 1.02 and 1.49 MDA/kg, respectively, on day 1. Irradiation also caused significant loss of color and sensory quality in aerobic packages. However, MAP effectively inhibited the irradiation‐induced quality degradations during 21‐d storage. Thus, combining irradiation (3 kGy) and MAP (3% O2+ 50% CO2+ 47% N2) controlled the safety risk due to the potential pathogens and maintained qualities of meatballs during 21‐d refrigerated storage.Practical Application:  Combined use of gamma irradiation and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) can maintain quality and safety of seasoned ground beef (meatball). Seasoned ground beef can be irradiated at 3 kGy and packaged in MAP with 3% O2+ 50% CO2+ 47% N2 gas mixture in a high barrier packaging materials. These treatments can significantly decrease risk due to potential pathogens including E. coli O157:H7, L. monocytogenes, and S. enteritidis in the product. The MAP would reduce the undesirable effects of irradiation on quality, and extend the shelf life of the product for up to 21 d at 3 °C.