bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4453: Smoking characteristics, intention to quit, and nicotine dependence in patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Conlon Michael S.C. , Saunders Deborah P. , Meigs Margaret L. , Allemano Justin A. , Bewick Mary A. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
There are high rates of smoking among head and neck cancer patients, and successful smoking cessation may offer a treatment and survival benefit for these patients. This prospective study was designed to assess baseline smoking characteristics, and intention to quit in a cohort of patients with head and neck cancer. All patients attended the dental oncology clinic within the regional cancer centre for assessments before, during, and after primary treatment. Primary treatment included one or more of radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or surgery. Participation in this study was offered to ever smokers (defined as having smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime), and involved completing a questionnaire that assessed baseline smoking related behaviours, including nicotine dependence using the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), and intention to quit smoking. Patients were asked for consent to provide a saliva sample for genetic analyses and for future contact to assess smoking cessation and other health-related outcomes. Personalised counselling about smoking cessation, by trained staff, was also offered. One hundred and eleven consecutive patients have agreed to participate. Most (77 %) are male, with a median age of 65 years (range 36-92 years). Participants reported a median of 37 pack-years of smoking, and 43% were nicotine dependent (FTND score indicating high or very highly dependent). Nicotine dependence level was significantly associated with smoking status at enrolment, with current smokers more likely to report significantly higher nicotine dependence levels than those who were not smoking (p=0.03). While 96% (n=104) of the participants had previously attempted smoking cessation, 35% (n=39) were current smokers at study enrolment. Most of the current smokers (80%) were interested in quitting smoking and in receiving personalized counselling for cessation. This study demonstrates the need to support cessation efforts in this population of cancer patients, and highlights the role of nicotine dependence and smoking behaviour. Future research into smoking cessation methods, including the role of genetic variants in nicotine dependence and cessation, may help us better address smoking behaviours in cancer patients.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4453. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4453
Abstract 4455: Mild and moderate early-life stressors differentially affect stress reactivity and mammary tumorigenesis in BALB/c mice: A new look at the stress and breast cancer relationship
Authors: Kerr Leslie R. , Boyd Allison , Heighton Ryan , Munro Meagan , Salleh Ayesha 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Many studies have produced inconsistent support for the hypothesized role of stressful life events in breast cancer risk. One major factor contributing to the inconsistent data could be that differences in premorbid physiological (e.g., endocrine levels) and psychological (e.g., emotional reactivity to challenges) characteristics were not taken into account and therefore, nor was the enduring impact of these differences on many aspects of endocrine activity and mammary gland development. It is difficult to gain information on human childhood variables that affect breast development and even more still on the influence of those variables into adulthood. Thus, evidence for factors influencing breast development and increased cancer risk during this time is limited. To this end, we use an established rodent model in which mild and moderate chronic neonatal stressors of brief and long maternal separation (BMS and LMS, respectively) over the first 3 weeks of life cause enduring functional changes to limbic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity. With this model, we show that BMS and LMS experiences differentially alter emotion- and stress-related behaviors of adult female BALB/c offspring. Circulating, corticosterone (CORT) and estrogen (E2) levels were also differentially altered by the BMS and LMS experiences as were transcript or protein levels of estrogen receptor (ER)α and ERα in ‘normal’ mammary glands. Interestingly, increased mammary tumorigenesis in LMS mice following adulthood carcinogen (7,12-dimethylbenz[α]anthracene; DMBA) administration was related to lower circulating plasma CORT and E2 levels, higher ERα protein (but not transcript), and lower ERα transcript (but not protein) levels in mammary glands. We suggest that early-life physical and psychosocial environments influence breast cancer risk by shaping the behavioral phenotype and altering circulating hormone levels which in turn alter the cellular and molecular architecture of the breast predisposing some to increased risk of carcinogenesis. A better understanding of the biobehavioral pathways that govern the complex interplay among environment, phenotype, and normal and malignant breast development will facilitate the creation of effective behavioral and cellular strategies for cancer prevention.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4455. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4455
Abstract 4458: The burden of cancer in Japan
Authors: Koinuma Nobuo 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Objectives: The burden of cancer to society is growing significantly in terms of human suffering and cost. The burden of cancer in Japan is projected to grow due to the tendency of the morbidity and mortality to increase and the technical progress in treatment. The problem of the patients who cannot undergo required cancer care due to economic reasons has been increasing rapidly. In our universal health insurance system, patients are responsible for 10-30% copayments for medical services, and there is a ceiling on copayments set most recently at $970 per month for middle-income families. However, patients still have a considerable economic burden and it is critical to cope with the problem adequately so that all patients have access to appropriate and up-to-date care. Methods: We surveyed the actual situation of the burden of patients on a national scale. We asked patients to tabulate their concrete expenses in connection with cancer care in a questionnaire by looking at receipts and a household account book. We also conducted the survey for their attending physicians. Results: The annual out-of-pocket expenses including direct and indirect expenses were an average of $11,200, and the refund mostly from the private insurance benefits was $7,000 (n= 6,604; 63.3 years old) on average. The balance ($4,200) is their real expenses. The out-of-pocket expenses in molecular-targeted therapy and in heavy ion cancer treatment were $13,400 (n=1,032) and $46,700 (n=388) respectively. The expenses differ by the lesion and stage of cancer and the treatment. For example, in case of colon cancer the expenses in stage 3 and stage 4 were $10,900 (n=59) and $18,300 (n=77) respectively. The mean and median of the expenses for trastuzumab (n=199) were $10,600 and $9,800 and those for bevacizumab (n= 144) were $14,200 and $12,500 respectively. The 34% patients with colon cancer were between $11,100 and $ 33,300 in their household income and 39% were below $ 77,800 in their savings (n= 223). 62% of those had to withdraw the savings to pay the fee for medical services. 1.5 in-patients and 1.6 outpatients per month and per doctor had to change or discontinue the most appropriate treatment for economic reasons according to the survey for physicians. Conclusion: The burden of cancer is growing for both society and patients. The growth rate of the medical expenses of cancer care from 2000 to 2009 in Japan was 42.1%, more than three times the growth of the national medical expenditure. In order to deliver the high quality and equitable cancer care, it is important to discuss the cost with patients and to minimize the economic burden of patients in clinical settings through appropriate policy making.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4458. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4458
Abstract 4459: Evaluation of the performance of a previous day recall of time spent in active and sedentary behaviors
Authors: Matthews Charles E. , Sampson Joashua , Keadle Sarah , Freedson Patty , Lyden Kate , Libertine Amanda , Fowke Jay H. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Previous-day recalls (PDR) collect information about time spent in specific active and sedentary behaviors, are presumed to be less error prone than traditional physical activity questionnaires, and therefore may be useful in epidemiologic studies of physical activity and cancer. Purpose. Evaluate the performance of a PDR for active and sedentary behaviors administered by phone by comparing it to a valid reference measure. Methods. Adolescents (n=91; 12-17 yrs; 53% female) and adults (n=88; 18-71 yrs; 55% female) wore an activPAL (aPAL) for 7 days to measure sedentary (sit/lie) and active time (standing/stepping) and completed up to three PDRs. Interviewers conducted PDRs eliciting open-ended reports of time spent sleeping and in specific active and sedentary behaviors. Bland-Altman methods and regression models evaluated PDR performance versus aPAL on matched days of observation. Mixed models were fit to quantify the error structure of the PDR using the following equation: PDRij = β0 + α1Tij + ri + eij, where Tij is the estimate of truth from aPAL and β1 is the slope of the regression of aPAL on PDR. Variances were estimated for systematic (≥ri) and random reporting errors (≥eij) for the PDR. Results. Adolescents and adults reported 10.0 (SD=2.2) and 9.9 (SD=2.8) hr/d of sedentary time, and 4.2 (SD=1.8) and 5.2 (SD=2.6) hr/d of active time, respectively. Total PDR active and sedentary time was greater than aPAL wear time (difference=0.58 hr/d, p0.05) negative bias for active time in adolescents (bias=−0.27 (SD=1.37) hr/d) and adults (bias=−0.13 (SD=1.44) hr/d). In contrast, a significant positive bias in PDR sedentary time was evident (p&lt;0.01) in adolescents (bias=0.81 (SD=1.52) hr/d) and adults (bias=0.74 (SD=1.59) hr/d), in part due to greater PDR observation time. Reporting bias was unrelated to age (years), gender, or body mass index (BMI, kg/m2). Mixed models comparing PDR to aPAL indicated: (1) a strong linear relationship between measures for sedentary (≥1=0.90 to 1.00) and active time (≥1=0.70 to 0.95); (2) that reporting errors were predominantly random errors (≥ri &lt; αeij); and (3) correlations between measures were high (Active: 0.54 to 0.73; Sedentary: 0.62 to 80) for these behavioral exposures. Conclusion. PDRs measuring active and sedentary behaviors rank-ordered individuals on the day observed, correlations with the reference measure were high, and systematic reporting errors were unrelated to age, gender or BMI. PDRs may have value in future epidemiological studies of physical activity and cancer. Support: R01NR011477; NCI Intramural Research Program
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4459. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4459
Abstract 4460: Breast cancer knowledge and awareness among high school and college students in mid-Western USA
Authors: Mafuvadze Benford , Manguvo Angellar , He Jiaxin , Whitney Stephen D. , Hyder Salman M. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States among women. Each year approximately 200,000 new cases are reported and 40,000 women succumb to the disease. Early detection and treatment results in good prognosis and higher rates of patient survival; however, despite advanced methods of screening, breast cancer is often detected at an advanced stage when it has metastasized to other organs, particularly in younger, premenopausal patients who typically have a poor understanding of the disease. While educational activities meant to promote breast cancer awareness among women are conducted every year in the USA, especially during the month of October, previous studies show a widespread ignorance of the disease, in both the USA and in women around the world. At present there are no programs in place that specifically promote breast cancer awareness among high school and college students. Such programs would potentially engender the adoption and development of health habits likely to lead to early detection and treatment, including regular screenings and effective self-examination. The main goal of this study was to investigate breast cancer awareness among college and high school students. We used self-administered questionnaires to assess breast cancer perceptions and misconceptions, awareness of risk factors and understanding of breast self-examination. A total of 355 high school students and 132 college students in a Mid-Western area of the USA participated in the study. Our findings were in accordance with previous studies carried out in other regions of the world, showing that a high proportion of students at both high school and college level were largely ignorant of the risk factors associated with breast cancer. Furthermore, a number of misconceptions regarding the disease were common. Only 66% of female college students and 40% of female high school students reported having ever received information on breast self-examination. Interestingly, only half the students who had received instruction reported that they could perform breast self-examination with confidence. Most of the participants however, expressed an eagerness to have more information provided in schools. Consequently we strongly urge the adoption of more breast cancer awareness programs targeting college and high school students.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4460. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4460
Abstract 4460A: Meat-related compounds and colorectal cancer risk by anatomical subsite
Authors: Miller Paige E. , Lazarus Philip , Lesko Samuel M. , Cross Amanda J. , Sinha Rashmi , Laio Jason , Zhu Jay , Harper Gregory , Muscat Joshua E. , Hartman Terryl J. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
The most recent consensus statement issued by the World Cancer Research Fund and the American Institute for Cancer Research concluded that the evidence to support a positive association between intake of red and processed meat and colorectal cancer was convincing, yet the evidence for specific mechanisms explaining these associations remained inconclusive. To identify responsible compounds that may account for the previously observed statistical associations between meat and colorectal cancer, the present study examined associations between red meat, processed meat, and meat-derived heterocyclic amines (HCAs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nitrites, and nitrates and colorectal cancer in a population-based case-control study in central and northeast Pennsylvania. This population is at particularly high risk for colorectal cancer compared to the U.S. as a whole (54.5/100,000 in PA versus 48.8/100,000 in the U.S. at the start of this study in 2007). Participants (989 colorectal cancer cases and 1,033 healthy controls) completed a 137-item food frequency questionnaire, the National Cancer Institute's (NCI) Diet History Questionnaire (DHQ), which included a meat module that was linked to a database of nitrites and nitrates. The meat module also allowed for the use of NCI's Computerized Heterocyclic Amines Resource for Research in Epidemiology of Disease (CHARRED) software application to generate estimates of HCAs and PAHs. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between meat variables and colorectal cancer, stratified by anatomical subsite, were estimated from unconditional logistic regression models. After multivariable adjustment, there were no associations between red or processed meat and colorectal cancer. Nitrite plus nitrate intake was positively associated with proximal colon cancer (OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.03-2.31, P-trend = 0.025). A positive association was observed between 2-amino-3,4,8-trimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (DiMeIQx) and colorectal cancer (OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.02-1.82, P-trend = 0.027). Total mutagenic activity was positively associated with distal colon cancer (P-trend = 0.049). There was no association between benzo[a]pyrene and total colorectal cancer or any sub-site. These results indicate that HCAs, PAHs, nitrites, and nitrates may be risk factors for colorectal cancer, but additional studies that examine risk factors stratified by anatomical subsite are warranted.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4460A. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4460A
Abstract 4463: Serum phytanic acid and prostate cancer risk: Results from a nested case-control study
Authors: Wright Margaret E. , Albanes Demetrius , Shi Fei , Moser Ann , Virtamo Jarmo , Gann Peter 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Phytanic acid is a saturated branched chain fatty acid found predominantly in red meat and dairy products, and may contribute to the elevated risks of prostate cancer associated with higher consumption of these foods. We measured phytanic acid as a percentage of total fatty acids by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in prediagnostic blood samples from 300 prostate cancer cases and 300 matched controls, all of whom were participants in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study cohort. In addition to providing a fasting blood sample at baseline, all men completed extensive diet, lifestyle, and medical history questionnaires. Among controls, the strongest dietary correlates of serum phytanic acid were dairy fat, butter, and saturated fat (r=0.45, 0.42, and 0.40, respectively; all p-values &lt;0.001). With the exception of lamb (r=0.18, p = 0.002), red meat intake was not significantly correlated with phytanic acid. There was no association between serum phytanic acid and risk of total or aggressive prostate cancer in multivariate logistic regression models. However, a significant interaction between phytanic acid and baseline concentrations of beta-carotene was noted in relation to advanced disease (p-interaction = 0.04). Among men with lower beta-carotene levels, serum phytanic acid was suggestively associated with elevated risks of advanced prostate cancer (odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for increasing phytanic acid tertiles = 1.0 (referent), 1.42 (0.78-2.59), and 1.80 (0.91-3.55); p trend = 0.08) whereas the opposite relationship was noted among participants with higher beta-carotene levels (for increasing phytanic acid tertiles, odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals = 1.0 (referent), 1.03 (0.52-2.06), and 0.59 (0.30-1.17); p trend = 0.06). Our findings indicate that serum phytanic acid may be associated with increased risks of advanced prostate cancer in men with low levels of the antioxidant beta-carotene.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4463. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4463
Abstract 4468: Pre-diagnostic steroid hormone levels and risk of testicular germ cell tumors
Authors: McGlynn Katherine A. , Chia Victoria M. , Trabert Britton , Cook Michael B. , Quraishi Sabah , Stanczyk Frank Z. , Rifai Nader , Bradwin Gary , Rubertone Mark V. , Graubard Barry I. , Erickson Ralph L. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Background: Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT), the most commonly occurring cancer among young men in the U.S., are thought to be endocrine-related tumors. The relationship between steroid hormone levels and development of TGCT, however, has been difficult to study given the rarity of the tumor in the general population and the paucity of pre-diagnostic serum from young men. The U.S. Servicemen's Testicular Tumor Environmental and Endocrine Determinants (STEED) study, however, was able to overcome these obstacles by enrolling military servicemen who had previously donated serum specimens to the Department of Defense Serum Repository. Methods: STEED participants were enrolled between 2002 and 2005. The associations between TGCT risk and log-transformed serum concentrations of testosterone, free testosterone, estradiol, free estradiol, 3α-androstanediol glucuronide (3α-diol-G), an indicator of peripheral androgen action, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were examined in 517 case and 790 control participants. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using logistic regression models, adjusting for date of serum donation, age, race/ethnicity, family history of testicular cancer, history of cryptorchidism, height, and body mass index. Results: The analysis found that while testosterone was not significantly associated with TGCT risk, there was an inverse association between 3α-diol-G and risk (OR=0.80, 95%CI=0.63-0.99). In addition, there was a significant inverse association with TGCT and the ratio of 3α-diol-G to testosterone (OR=0.76, 95%CI=0.61-0.93). There was also a significant direct association between estradiol and TGCT risk (OR=1.41, 95%CI=1.06-1.87). The relationships between the free forms of testosterone and estradiol and risk were the same as the relationships between the total forms of each hormone and risk. There was no association between TGCT and SHBG. Conclusion: These results suggest that the hormone metabolism of men who subsequently develop TGCT may vary from that of other men. In men who develop TGCT, more testosterone may be converted to estradiol and less to dihydrotestosterone, the most potent form of androgen, than in men who do not develop TGCT. Further examination of metabolites, both upstream and downstream in the steroid hormone pathway, may help elucidate the mechanism by which these exposures are related to development of TGCT.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4468. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4468