bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Randomized Trial of a Computer-Tailored Decision Aid to Improve Prostate Cancer Screening Decisions: Results from the Take the Wheel Trial
Authors: Allen Jennifer D. , Othus Megan K.D. , Hart Alton , Tom Laura , Li Yi , Berry Donna , Bowen Deborah 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate a decision aid (DA) designed to promote informed decision making for prostate cancer screening.
Methods: Twelve work sites were randomly assigned to an intervention or nonintervention comparison condition. Intervention sites received access to a computer-tailored DA at the workplace. Male employees age 45 years and above (n = 625) completed surveys at baseline and at 3-month follow-up, documenting aspects of informed decision making.
Results: Using an intention-to-treat analysis, men in the intervention group were significantly more likely to have made a screening decision and to have improved knowledge without increased decisional conflict, relative to men in the comparison group. These changes were observed despite the fact that only 30% of men in intervention sites used the DA. Among DA users, similar improvements were observed, although the magnitudes of changes were substantially greater, and significant improvements in decision self-efficacy were observed.
Conclusions: A DA offered in the workplace promoted decision making, improved knowledge, and increased decision self-efficacy among users, without increasing decisional conflict. However, participation was suboptimal, suggesting that better methods for engaging men in workplace interventions are needed.
Impact Statement: This trial shows the efficacy of a computer-tailored DA in promoting informed decisions about prostate cancer screening. The DA was delivered through work sites, thereby providing access to resources required to participate in informed decision making without requiring a medical appointment. However, participation rates were suboptimal, and additional strategies for engaging men are needed. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(9); 2172–86. ©2010 AACR.
Rapid Mass Spectrometric Metabolic Profiling of Blood Sera Detects Ovarian Cancer with High Accuracy
Authors: Zhou Manshui , Guan Wei , Walker L. DeEtte , Mezencev Roman , Benigno Benedict B. , Gray Alexander , Fernández Facundo M. , McDonald John F. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Background: Ovarian cancer diagnosis is problematic because the disease is typically asymptomatic, especially at the early stages of progression and/or recurrence. We report here the integration of a new mass spectrometric technology with a novel support vector machine computational method for use in cancer diagnostics, and describe the application of the method to ovarian cancer.
Methods: We coupled a high-throughput ambient ionization technique for mass spectrometry (direct analysis in real-time mass spectrometry) to profile relative metabolite levels in sera from 44 women diagnosed with serous papillary ovarian cancer (stages I-IV) and 50 healthy women or women with benign conditions. The profiles were input to a customized functional support vector machine–based machine-learning algorithm for diagnostic classification. Performance was evaluated through a 64-30 split validation test and with a stringent series of leave-one-out cross-validations.
Results: The assay distinguished between the cancer and control groups with an unprecedented 99% to 100% accuracy (100% sensitivity and 100% specificity by the 64-30 split validation test; 100% sensitivity and 98% specificity by leave-one-out cross-validations).
Conclusion: The method has significant clinical potential as a cancer diagnostic tool. Because of the extremely low prevalence of ovarian cancer in the general population (∼0.04%), extensive prospective testing will be required to evaluate the test's potential utility in general screening applications. However, more immediate applications might be as a diagnostic tool in higher-risk groups or to monitor cancer recurrence after therapeutic treatment.
Impact: The ability to accurately and inexpensively diagnose ovarian cancer will have a significant positive effect on ovarian cancer treatment and outcome. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(9); 2262–71. ©2010 AACR.
Predictors of Sun Protection Behaviors and Severe Sunburn in an International Online Study
Authors: Bränström Richard , Kasparian Nadine A. , Chang Yu-mei , Affleck Paul , Tibben Aad , Aspinwall Lisa G. , Azizi Esther , Baron-Epel Orna , Battistuzzi Linda , Bergman Wilma , Bruno William , Chan May , Cuellar Francisco , Dębniak Tadeusz , Pjanova Dace , Ertmański Sławomir , Figl Adina , Gonzalez Melinda , Hayward Nicholas K. , Hocevar Marko , Kanetsky Peter A. , Leachman Sancy A. , Heisele Olita , Palmer Jane , Peric Barbara , Puig Susana , Schadendorf Dirk , Gruis Nelleke A. , Newton-Bishop Julia , Brandberg Yvonne 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Background: The incidence of melanoma continues to increase in many countries, and primary prevention of melanoma includes avoidance of sunburn as well as adequate sun protection behavior. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of self-reported sun protection behaviors and sunburn in users of the Internet, and to identify the demographic, clinical, and attitudinal/motivational correlates of sun protection behaviors.
Methods: Self-report data were gathered on behalf of the GenoMEL consortium using an online survey available in 10 different languages, and 8,178 individuals successfully completed at least 80% of survey items, with 73% of respondents from Europe, 12% from Australia, 7% from the United States, 2% from Israel, and 6% from other countries.
Results: Half of all respondents and 27% of those with a previous melanoma reported at least one severe sunburn during the previous 12 months. The strongest factors associated with sun protection behavior were perceived barriers to protection (β = −0.44/β = −0.37), and respondents who reported a positive attitude toward suntans were less likely to protect (β = −0.16/β = −0.14). Reported use of protective clothing and shade, as well as avoidance of midday sun exposure, were more strongly related to reduced risk of sunburn than sunscreen use.
Conclusions: Despite widespread dissemination of public health messages about the importance of sun protection, a substantial proportion of this international sample, including respondents with a previous melanoma, reported inadequate sun protection behaviors resulting in severe sunburn.
Impact: Future strategies to decrease sunburn should target the practical, social, and psychological barriers associated with nonuptake of sun protection. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(9); 2199–210. ©2010 AACR.
Metabolic Factors and the Risk of Pancreatic Cancer: A Prospective Analysis of almost 580,000 Men and Women in the Metabolic Syndrome and Cancer Project
Authors: Johansen Dorthe , Stocks Tanja , Jonsson Håkan , Lindkvist Björn , Björge Tone , Concin Hans , Almquist Martin , Häggström Christel , Engeland Anders , Ulmer Hanno , Hallmans Göran , Selmer Randi , Nagel Gabriele , Tretli Steinar , Stattin Pär , Manjer Jonas 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between factors in metabolic syndrome (MetS; single and combined) and the risk of pancreatic cancer.
Methods: The Metabolic Syndrome and Cancer Project is a pooled cohort containing data on body mass index, blood pressure, and blood levels of glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides. During follow-up, 862 individuals were diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to calculate relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals using the abovementioned factors categorized into quintiles and transformed into z-scores. All z-scores were summarized and a second z-transformation creating a composite z-score for MetS was done. All risk estimates were calibrated to correct for a regression dilution bias.
Results: The trend over quintiles was positively associated with the risk of pancreatic cancer for mid-blood pressure (mid-BP) and glucose in men and for body mass index, mid-BP, and glucose in women. The z-score for the adjusted mid-BP (RR, 1.10; 1.01-1.20) and the calibrated z-score for glucose (RR, 1.37; 1.14-1.34) were positively associated with pancreatic cancer in men. In women, a positive association was found for calibrated z-scores for mid-BP (RR, 1.34; 1.08-1.66), for the calibrated z-score for glucose (RR, 1.98; 1.41-2.76), and for the composite z-score for MetS (RR, 1.58; 1.34-1.87).
Conclusion: Our study adds further evidence to a possible link between abnormal glucose metabolism and risk of pancreatic cancer.
Impact: To our knowledge, this is the first study on MetS and pancreatic cancer using prediagnostic measurements of the examined factors. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(9); 2307–17. ©2010 AACR.
Selenium-Responsive Proteins in the Sera of Selenium-Enriched Yeast–Supplemented Healthy African American and Caucasian Men
Authors: Sinha Raghu , Sinha Indu , Facompre Nicole , Russell Stephen , Somiari Richard I. , Richie John P. , El-Bayoumy Karam 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Background: Studies have shown that supplementation of adult men with selenium-enriched yeast (SY) was protective against prostate cancer (PCa) and also reduced oxidative stress and levels of prostate-specific antigen. Here, we determined the effect of SY supplementation on global serum protein expression in healthy men to provide new insights into the mechanism of selenium chemoprevention; such proteins may also serve as biomarkers of disease progression.
Methods: Serum samples from 36 adult men were obtained from our previous SY clinical trial, 9 months after supplementation with either SY (247 μg/d; n = 17) or placebo (nonenriched yeast; n = 19).
Results: Proteomic profiling using two-dimensional difference in gel electrophoresis followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry revealed a total of 1,496 candidate proteins, of which, 11 were differentially expressed in the SY group as compared with placebo. Eight proteins were upregulated [clusterin isoform 1 (CLU), transthyretin, α-1B-glycoprotein, transferrin, complement component 4B proprotein, isocitrate dehydrogenase, haptoglobin, and keratin 1] and three proteins were downregulated [α-1 antitrypsin (AAT), angiotensin precursor, and albumin precursor] by SY. All of the identified proteins were redox-sensitive or involved in the regulation of redox status. Because both AAT and CLU have been previously linked to PCa development, their identities were confirmed by two-dimensional Western blot analysis.
Conclusions: We identified AAT and CLU as potential candidate proteins involved in the mechanism of PCa prevention by SY. Collectively, proteins identified in this study might serve as potential new biomarkers for monitoring and comparing responses to selenium-based chemopreventive agents.
Impact: Proteomic analysis of serum might be useful for the early detection and monitoring efficacy of chemopreventive agents. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(9); 2332–40. ©2010 AACR.
Serum 25(OH) Vitamin D and Risk of Breast Cancer: A Nested Case-Control Study from the French E3N Cohort
Authors: Engel Pierre , Fagherazzi Guy , Boutten Anne , Dupré Thierry , Mesrine Sylvie , Boutron-Ruault Marie-Christine , Clavel-Chapelon Françoise 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Background: High 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] serum concentrations have been found to be associated with reduced breast cancer risk. However, few studies have further investigated this relationship according to menopausal status, nor have they taken into account factors known to influence vitamin D status, such as dietary and serum calcium, parathyroid hormone, and estradiol serum levels.
Methods: We designed a nested case-control study within the French E3N cohort. Cases were women diagnosed with incident breast cancer (n = 636). Controls (n = 1,272) were matched with cases on age, menopausal status at blood collection, age at menopause, and center and year of blood collection. Multivariate logistic regression models were established.
Results: We found a decreased risk of breast cancer with increasing 25(OH) vitamin D3 serum concentrations (odds ratio, 0.73; 95% confidence interval, 0.55-0.96; P trend = 0.02) among women in the highest tertile. We also observed a significant inverse association restricted to women under 53 years of age at blood sampling [odds ratio (T3 versus T1), 0.60; 95% confidence interval, 0.37-0.98; P trend = 0.04]. In premenopausal women, the risk was also decreased, although not significantly.
Conclusion: Our findings support a decreased risk of breast cancer associated with high 25(OH) vitamin D3 serum concentrations, especially in younger women, although we were unable to confirm a direct influence of age or menopausal status.
Impact: Randomized intervention trials with vitamin D supplementation are required to confirm its benefits on breast cancer risk, but the maintenance of adequate vitamin D levels should be encouraged by public health policy. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(9); 2341–50. ©2010 AACR.
Prostate Cancer Susceptibility Variants Confer Increased Risk of Disease Progression
Authors: Cheng Iona , Plummer Sarah J. , Neslund-Dudas Christine , Klein Eric A. , Casey Graham , Rybicki Benjamin A. , Witte John S. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Background: Genome-wide association studies have identified numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) associated with the risk of prostate cancer. Our objective was to determine whether these SNPs affect the progression of prostate cancer.
Methods: We genotyped 26 SNPs previously associated with prostate cancer risk among 788 aggressive prostate cancer patients who were treated by radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy. Prostate cancer progression was defined as biochemical recurrence based on posttreatment prostate-specific antigen levels of &gt;0.3 ng/mL for radical prostatectomy patients or a 2-ng/mL increase above the nadir for radiation therapy patients, initiation of hormone treatment, or metastases. We assessed the association between independent and combined SNPs and disease progression by Cox proportional hazards regression.
Results: Five SNPs showed independent associations with prostate cancer progression (rs12621278, rs629242, rs9364554, rs4430796, and rs5945572) based on stepwise regression analysis. The strongest SNP was rs12621278 in the ITGA6 locus, which was associated with a 2.4-fold increased risk of progression (P = 0.0003). When considering the sum of risk alleles across these five SNPs, each additional allele was associated with a 29% increase in risk of progression (95% confidence interval, 1.12-1-47).
Conclusions: We found that five of the recently highlighted prostate cancer susceptibility loci also influence prostate cancer progression beyond the known clinicopathologic predictors. If confirmed, these genetic variants might help clarify which tumors are likely to progress and require more aggressive treatment in contrast to those that might not have substantial effects on morbidity or mortality.
Impact: Genetic susceptibility variants for prostate cancer development may also inform disease progression. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(9); 2124–32. ©2010 AACR.
Serum Mesothelin for Early Detection of Asbestos-Induced Cancer Malignant Mesothelioma
Authors: Creaney Jenette , Olsen Nola J. , Brims Fraser , Dick Ian M. , Musk Arthur W. , de Klerk Nicholas H. , Skates Steven J. , Robinson Bruce W.S. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Background: Malignant mesothelioma is an aggressive, almost uniformly fatal tumor, primarily caused by exposure to asbestos. Since the recent discovery that serum mesothelin is a sensitive and highly specific biomarker for mesothelioma, one of the key issues raised is whether mesothelin levels represent a useful screening test for asbestos-exposed at-risk individuals. In this study, soluble mesothelin was determined in sequential serum samples collected from asbestos-exposed individuals before the development of mesothelioma.
Methods: Archival serum samples from 106 individuals who developed mesothelioma, 99 asbestos-exposed individuals from the Wittenoom Cancer Surveillance Program, and 109 non–asbestos-exposed individuals from the Busselton Health Survey were identified. Serum mesothelin concentrations were determined using the MESOMARK assay.
Results: Longitudinal mesothelin levels determined in healthy asbestos-exposed individuals over a period of 4 years were stable (Pearson's r = 0.96; P &lt; 0.0001). There was no correlation between mesothelin concentration and cumulative asbestos exposure. Mesothelin concentrations were greater than the threshold value of 2.5 nmol/L in the penultimate serum sample before the diagnosis of mesothelioma in 17 of 106 people. Using an increase above the 95% confidence interval of the mean of a given individual's longitudinal mesothelin results, 33 of 82 individuals had increasing mesothelin levels before diagnosis.
Conclusion: In a population with a high pretest probability of developing mesothelioma, the serum biomarker mesothelin is elevated in absolute terms in 15% and in relative terms in 40% of the group.
Impact: Future studies examining a combination of biomarkers could improve sensitivity of screening. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(9); 2238–46. ©2010 AACR.
Alcohol and Tobacco Use in Relation to Gastric Cancer: A Prospective Study of Men in Shanghai, China
Authors: Moy Kristin A. , Fan Yunhua , Wang Renwei , Gao Yu-Tang , Yu Mimi C. , Yuan Jian-Min 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground: Epidemiologic findings of tobacco and alcohol use in relation to gastric cancer are inconsistent. Well-designed prospective studies examining their relationship are sparse.Methods: The association between cigarette smoking/alcohol intake and gastric cancer risk was examined in a population-based prospective cohort of 18,244 middle-aged and older men in Shanghai, China, who were enrolled in the study during 1986-1989. After up to 20 years of follow-up, 391 incident gastric cancer cases were identified. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).Results: Ever smokers experienced a statistically significant increased risk of gastric cancer (HR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.27-1.99) compared with nonsmokers after adjustment for alcohol intake and other confounders. Among nondrinkers, smokers experienced 80% increased risk of gastric cancer (HR, 1.81; 95% CI,1.36, 2.41). Conversely, heavy drinkers experienced a statistically significant increase in risk of gastric cancer (HR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.05-2.04) among all subjects and a statistically nonsignificant 80% increased risk among never smokers. Further adjustment for Helicobacter pylori serology, serum levels of β-carotene and vitamin C, and urinary level of total isothiocyanates in combination with glutathione S-transferase (GST) M1 and GSTT1 genotypes did not materially change the associations between smoking/alcohol consumption and gastric cancer risk.Conclusions: These results suggest that cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption may exert independent effects on the development of gastric cancer in this high-risk population.Impact: Modification of these lifestyle choices may reduce the incidence of gastric cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(9); 2287–97. ©2010 AACR.
Perspective on the Pipeline of Drugs Being Developed with Modulation of DNA Damage as a Target
Authors: Plummer Ruth 
Published: September 2010

AbstractInhibitors of various elements of the DNA repair pathways have entered clinical development or are in late preclinical stages of drug development. It was initially considered that agents targeting DNA repair would act to overcome tumor resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. More recent data have shown that targeting DNA repair pathways can be effective in selected tumors via a synthetically lethal route, with single agent activity having been shown with poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. An increased understanding of the biology and interaction of the DNA repair pathways also means that rational combination of DNA repair inhibitors may also give great benefit in the clinic. Clin Cancer Res; 16(18); 4527–31. ©2010 AACR.
Late Vascular Responses From 2 to 4 Years After Implantation of Sirolimus-Eluting Stents
Authors: Takano Masamichi , Yamamoto Masanori , Mizuno Masayuki , Murakami Daisuke , Inami Toru , Kimata Nakahisa , Murai Koji , Kobayashi Nobuaki , Okamatsu Kentaro , Ohba Takayoshi , Seino Yoshihiko , Mizuno Kyoichi 
Published: September 2010

Background—
Late vascular responses after implantation of drug-eluting stents may play a key role in steadily increasing occurrence of very late stent thrombosis have not yet been fully investigated in human beings.

Methods and Results—

Serial optical coherence tomography observations at 2 and 4 years were collected for 17 patients treated with 21 sirolimus-eluting stents. Corresponding 376 cross sections within single-stent segments at intervals of 1 mm were selected for analyses, and neointimal thickness on each strut was measured. Extrastent lumen (ESL) was defined as an external lumen of the stent. Area and angle of ESL were measured. A total of 3369 and 3221 struts were identified at 2 and 4 years, respectively. From 2 to 4 years, mean neointimal thickness increased (76.8±75.6 μm versus 123.0±102.5 μm;
P
<0.0001), whereas frequency of patients with uncovered struts decreased (88% versus 29%;
P
=0.002). Although prevalence of patients that had ESL was similar (59% of 2 years versus 65% of 4 years;
P
=1.0), the cross sections with ESL increased (9.6% versus 15.2%;
P
=0.02). Moreover, area and angle of ESL increased from 2 to 4 years (0.28±0.27 mm
2
versus 0.62±0.68 mm
2
and 16.6±5.4° versus 65.1±38.4°;
P
<0.01, respectively). The incidence of subclinical thrombus did not decrease (24% at 2 years versus 29% at 4 years;
P
=1.0). All thrombi were identified in patients who had cross sections with ESL.

Conclusions—
The current serial optical coherence tomography study showed an augmentation of neointimal growth at the late phase of sirolimus-eluting stent implantation. ESL may contribute to thrombus formation and ESL of sirolimus-eluting stents expanded from 2 to 4 years.