bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crack detection based on attention mechanism with YOLOv5
Authors: Lan Min‐Li , Yang Dan , Zhou Shuang‐Xi , Ding Yang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn order to reduce the manual workload and reduce the maintenance cost, it is particularly important to realize automatic detection of cracks. Aiming at the problems of poor real‐time performance and low precision of traditional pavement crack detection, a crack detection method based on improved YOLOv5 one‐step target detection algorithm of convolutional neural network is proposed by using the advantages of depth learning network in target detection. The images were manually marked with LabelImg annotation software, and then the network model parameters were obtained through improving the YOLOv5 network training. Finally, the cracks are verified and detected by the established model. In addition, the precision and speed of crack detection using YOLOv3, YOLOv5s, and YOLOv5s‐attention models are compared by using Precision, Recall, and F1. After comparison, it is found that the detection precision of YOLOv5s‐attention is improved by 1.0%, F1 by 0.9%, and mAP@.5 by 1.8%.
A Chronic Aquatic Hazard Assessment for the Perfume Raw Material Octahydro-tetramethyl-naphthalenyl-ethanone
Authors: Lapczynski Aurelia , Belanger Scott E. , Connors Kristin , Bozich Jared 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Octahydro-tetramethyl-naphthalenyl-ethanone (OTNE) is a high–production volume fragrance material used in various down-the-drain consumer products. To assess aquatic risk, the Research Institute for Fragrance Materials (RIFM) uses a tiered data-driven framework to determine a risk characterization ratio, where the ratio of the predicted-environmental concentration to the predicted-no-effect concentration (PNEC) of &lt;1 indicates an acceptable level of risk. Owing to its high production volume and the conservative nature of the RIFM framework, RIFM identified the need to utilize a species sensitivity distribution (SSD) approach to reduce the PNEC uncertainty for OTNE. Adding to the existing Daphnia magna, Danio rerio, and Desmodesmus subspicatus chronic studies, eight new chronic toxicity studies were conducted on the following species: Navicula pelliculosa, Chironomus riparius, Lemna gibba, Ceriodaphnia dubia, Hyalella azteca, Pimephales promelas, Anabaena flos-aquae, and Daphnia pulex. All toxicity data were summarized as chronic 10% effect concentration estimates using the most sensitive biological response. Daphnia magna was the most sensitive (0.032 mg/L), and D. subspicatus was the least sensitive (&gt;2.6 mg/L, the OTNE solubility limit). The 5th percentile hazardous concentration (HC5) derived from the cumulative probability distribution of the chronic toxicity values for the 11 species was determined to be 0.0498 mg/L (95% confidence interval 0.0097–0.1159 mg/L). A series of “leave-one-out” and “add-one-in” simulations indicated the SSD was stable and robust. Add-one-in simulations determined that the probability of finding a species sensitive enough to lower the HC5 two- or threefold was 1/504 and 1/15,300, respectively. Given the high statistical confidence in this robust SSD, an additional application factor protection is likely not necessary. Nevertheless, to further ensure the protection of the environment, an application factor of 2 to the HC5, resulting in a PNEC of 0.0249 mg/L, is recommended. When combined with environmental exposure information, the overall hazard assessment is suitable for a probabilistic environmental risk assessment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1378–1389. © 2024 The Author(s). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Metabolomic-Based Comparison of Daphnia magna and Japanese Medaka Responses After Exposure to Acetaminophen, Diclofenac, and Ibuprofen
Authors: Oliveira Pereira Erico A. , Warriner Theresa R. , Simmons Denina B. D. , Jobst Karl J. , Simpson André J. , Simpson Myrna J. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are found in aquatic environments due to their widespread use and environmental persistence. To date, a range of impairments to aquatic organisms has been reported with exposure to pharmaceuticals; however, further comparisons of their impacts across different species on the molecular level are needed. In the present study, the crustacean Daphnia magna and the freshwater fish Japanese medaka, common model organisms in aquatic toxicity, were exposed for 48 h to the common analgesics acetaminophen (ACT), diclofenac (DCF), and ibuprofen (IBU) at sublethal concentrations. A targeted metabolomic-based approach, using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry to quantify polar metabolites from individual daphnids and fish was used. Multivariate analyses and metabolite changes identified differences in the metabolite profile for D. magna and medaka, with more metabolic perturbations for D. magna. Pathway analyses uncovered disruptions to pathways associated with protein synthesis and amino acid metabolism with D. magna exposure to all three analgesics. In contrast, medaka exposure resulted in disrupted pathways with DCF only and not ACT and IBU. Overall, the observed perturbations in the biochemistry of both organisms were different and consistent with assessments using other endpoints reporting that D. magna is more sensitive to pollutants than medaka in short-term studies. Our findings demonstrate that molecular-level responses to analgesic exposure can reflect observations of other endpoints, such as immobilization and mortality. Thus, environmental metabolomics can be a valuable tool for selecting sentinel species for the biomonitoring of freshwater ecosystems while also uncovering mechanistic information. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1339–1351. © 2024 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Plastic Litter Emits the Foraging Infochemical Dimethyl Sulfide after Submersion in Freshwater Rivers
Authors: Valentine Katey , Hughes Claire , Boxall Alistair 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Plastic pollution is widespread throughout aquatic environments globally, with many organisms known to interact with and ingest plastic. In marine environments, microbial biofilms that form on plastic surfaces can produce the odorous compound dimethyl sulfide (DMS), which is a known foraging cue. This has been shown to increase the ingestion of plastic by some invertebrates and therefore act as a biological factor which influences the risks of plastic to marine ecosystems. In freshwater however, the production of DMS has been largely overlooked, despite the known sensitivity of some freshwater species to this compound. To address this gap, the present study analyzed the production of DMS by biofilms which formed on low-density polyethylene and polylactic acid films after 3 and 6 weeks of submersion in either a rural or an urban United Kingdom river. Using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, the production of DMS by these biofilms was consistently identified. The amount of DMS produced varied significantly across river locations and materials, with surfaces in the urban river generally producing a stronger signal and plastics producing up to seven times more DMS than glass control surfaces. Analysis of biofilm weight and photosynthetic pigment content indicated differences in biofilm composition across conditions and suggested that DMS production was largely driven by nonphotosynthetic taxa. For the first time this work has documented the production of DMS by plastic litter after submersion in freshwater rivers. Further work is now needed to determine if, as seen in marine systems, this production of DMS can encourage the interaction of freshwater organisms with plastic litter and therefore operate as a biological risk factor in the impacts of plastic on freshwater environments. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1485–1496. © 2024 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Do creditors care about greening in corporations? Do contingencies matter?
Authors: Karaman Abdullah S. , Gerged Ali Meftah , Uyar Ali 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study assesses whether creditors consider ecological practices (i.e., resource usage, emissions, and eco‐innovation) when setting interest rates during loan decisions and whether firm‐level contingencies play a role in this relationship. Based on a sample of 38,127 firm‐year observations of non‐financial firms operating worldwide between 2004 and 2019, our evidence indicates that eco‐friendly practices have no significant direct effect on the cost of debt. Thus, we consider other theoretically expected channels that moderate this link. Notably, profitability and board gender diversity significantly moderate the relationship between eco‐friendly practices and the cost of debt. Further investigation reveals interesting associations between low and high governance systems, low and high financial development environments, code law versus common law systems, and polluting versus non‐polluting sectors. We suggest theoretical and practical implications by which firms can reap greater benefits from environmental engagement.
The effect of different liquids on the surface roughness and color stability of single shade and nanohybrid resin composites: An AFM and SEM analysis
Authors: Ipek İrem , Bilge Kübra 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study is to evaluate the surface roughness (SR) and color changes of single‐shade and nanohybrid resin‐based restorative materials (RBC) after immersion in liquids at different pH values. For RBCs, a total of 120 specimens, 30 for each material, were prepared using 10 mm diameter and 2 mm thick molds. For flowable bulk fill RBC, a total of 40 specimens, 10 for each material, were prepared using 10 mm diameter and 4 mm thick molds (n = 10). After initial color and SR measurements, samples were stored in the liquids for 14 days and all of the measurements were repeated on 14th days. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy analyzes were performed in all groups. When SR results are examined; among all liquids, the highest SR value was observed in the Carisma Diamond One (CDO) group, while the lowest SR value was observed in the Omnichroma Flow Bulk (OMF) group (p < .05). When the color changes (ΔE) results are examined; it was observed that CDO group had highest color change and OMF group had the lowest values. It has been observed that among the liquids, the liquids that affect the ΔE values of the materials the most are coffee and cola. When the ΔE values of the subgroups of the materials were examined, there was a statistically significant difference in all subgroups of RBCs (p < .05). While acidic liquids increased the SR of RBCs, coffee more affected the color change of RBCs.Research HighlightsClinicians should keep in mind that the RBCs tested may change their surface properties and colors when exposed to various liquids. People who have RBCs should pay attention to the consumption of acidic and highly pigmented liquids.
Strict association between development of psychological conditions and hypertension incidence: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Namdar Hossein , Jamshidi Fatemeh , Rezabakhsh Aysa , Ezzati Davoud , Zakeri Raana , Sadat‐Ebrahimi Seyyed‐Reza 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground/AimsPrevious studies indicated a significant association between mental disorders and cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure (HF) and coronary artery disease (CAD) with comorbidity hypertension (HTN), and vice versa, leading to a challenge in the final decision. To resolve this issue, we aimed to exclude comorbidities and further assessed to better find any association between mental disorders and cardiovascular diseases (CVD).MethodsThe cross‐sectional study involved 300 participants: 100 with HTN (without HF or CAD), 100 with HF (without HTN or CAD), 100 with CAD (without HTN or HF), and 100 healthy individuals as a control group. To evaluate depression, anxiety, and stress levels, the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale – 21 (DASS‐21) was applied. For further analysis, the SPSS ver.20 was used.ResultsThe analysis showed that the score of depression, anxiety, and stress was higher in the HTN patients compared to the control (p < 0.001), CAD (p < 0.001), and HF (p < 0.001) groups, respectively. However, no significant differences were observed between the other study groups. Notably, patients with HF and CAD without concurrent HTN had similar psychological distress levels to healthy participants.ConclusionThe present study emphasized the higher prevalence of psychological distress in HTN patients and suggests a requirement for further research regarding the etiology involved in this association.
Another proof of Seymour's 6‐flow theorem
Authors: DeVos Matt , McDonald Jessica , Nurse Kathryn 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn 1981 Seymour proved his famous 6‐flow theorem asserting that every 2‐edge‐connected graph has a nowhere‐zero flow in the group (in fact, he offers two proofs of this result). In this note, we give a new short proof of a generalization of this theorem where ‐valued functions are found subject to certain boundary constraints.
In vitro study on the competitive reactions between arsenite and selenite with glutathione
Authors: Özkan Canan Höçük , Atakay Mehmet , Salih Bekir , Ertaş Gülay 
Published: April 2024

AbstractExposure to arsenic can cause various biological effects by increasing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Selenium acts as a beneficial element by regulating ROS and limiting heavy metal uptake and translocation. There are studies on the interactive effects of As and Se in plants, but the antagonistic and synergistic effects of these elements based on their binding to glutathione (GSH) molecules have not been studied yet. In this study, we aimed to investigate the antagonistic or synergistic effects of As and Se on the binding mechanism of Se and As with GSH at pH 3.0, 5.0, or 6.5. The interaction of As and Se in Se(SG)2 + As(III) or As(SG)3 + Se(IV) binary systems and As(III) + Se(IV) + GSH ternary system were examined depending on their ratios via liquid chromatography diode array detector/electrospray mass spectrometry (LC‐DAD/MS) and liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐ESI‐MS/MS). The results showed that the formation of As(GS)3 was not detected in the As(III) + Se(SG)2 binary system, indicating that As(III) did not affect the stability of Se(SG)2 complex antagonistically. However, in the Se(IV) + As(SG)3 binary system, the addition of Se(IV) to As(SG)3 affected the stability of As(SG)3 antagonistically. Se(IV) reacted with GSH, disrupting the As(SG)3 complex, and consequently, Se(SG)2 formation was measured using LC‐MS/DAD. In the Se(IV) + GSH + As(III) ternary system, Se(SG)2 formation was detected upon mixing As(III), Se(IV), and GSH. The increase in the concentration of As(III) did not influence the stability of the Se(SG)2 complex. Additionally, Se(IV) has a higher affinity than As(III) to the GSH, regardless of the pH of the solution. In both binary and ternary systems, the formation of the by‐product glutathione trisulfide (GSSSG) was detected using LC‐ESI‐MS/MS.
Seasonal variations in rain cells propagation over Central Africa and association with diurnal rainfall regimes
Authors: Camberlin Pierre , Moron Vincent , Philippon Nathalie , Mengouna François Xavier , Vondou Derbetini A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThree‐hourly data from two satellite rainfall estimates products, PERSIANN and TMPA, are analysed to document the seasonal patterns of diurnal rainfall distribution over the Congo Basin and neighbouring areas. PERSIANN data for 2001–2017, at a one‐hour time‐scale, are further used to identify rain cells (≥4 mm·h−1) in an attempt to explain the diurnal rainfall variations. Over land areas, an afternoon rainfall maximum is clearly shown, but over much of the region only a minor part of the rains (20%–30%) falls in the wettest 3‐h period. Substantial rains (often 50%–60%) occur in the evening and at night, as a progressively delayed peak from east to west, but a seasonal change is found in the meridional propagation of the peak diurnal rainfall, in a south‐westerly direction in January, and a north‐westerly direction in July. Rain cells have prominent genesis areas west of high terrain, but can develop over most regions, with a peak genesis time slightly ahead the diurnal phase of the rains. The size, mean lifetime and mean rainfall intensity of the rain cells are strongly related to each other and display a semi‐annual cycle not fully in phase with the seasonal cycle of the rains. The mean rain cell propagation speed (6.7 m·s−1) is much lower than in previous studies, which focused on mesoscale convective systems. Rain cells which have a longer lifetime move much faster, the mean speed of those lasting less than 6 h being half that of those lasting at least 24 h. Most (86%) of the mobile rain cells propagate westward, but the meridional component of their propagation shows an annual cycle (southward in austral summer, northward in boreal summer) which matches the mid‐tropospheric winds and explains the seasonal changes in the diurnal rainfall peak.
Dystonic Tremor: Time to Change
Authors: Lalli Stefania , Albanese Alberto 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe term dystonic tremor is being increasingly used in neurological publications despite uncertainties about its meaning. We provide here a historical reconstruction from its original introduction in 1984 to help distinguish dystonia from essential tremor.MethodsA comprehensive Pubmed search of MeSH terms “dystonia”, “tremor”, and “essential tremor” provided the information base for reconstructing historical usage of the term “dystonic tremor”.ResultsOver the years, this expression was enriched of additional meanings and sided by companion descriptors, such as tremor associated with dystonia. Dystonic tremor has been considered characteristically coarse, jerky, irregular, directional and asymmetrical. These characteristics, however, are not included in the most recent definitions of tremor. The relationship between tremor and dystonia is not easy to untangle, as the two phenomena are often recognized in association. Tremor and dystonia experts have developed different visions of dystonic tremor that have been variably implemented. There are currently two independent consensus definitions, which are not coincident and imply different pathophysiological interpretations.ConclusionsThis historical reappraisal highlights that usage of the expression dystonic tremor has evolved over time to lose its original meaning. Notwithstanding inconsistencies of current definitions, its usage has steadily increased and it is time now to agree on an updated terminology.
Optimizing donor fascicle selection in Oberlin's procedure: A retrospective review of anatomical variability using intraoperative neuromonitoring
Authors: Marina Lucas , Sanz Elisa , Morillo Balsera M. Carmen , Cristobal Lara , Maldonado Andres A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundTransfer of the fascicle carrying the flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) branch of the ulnar nerve (UN) to the biceps/brachialis muscle branch of the musculocutaneous nerve (Oberlin's procedure), is a mainstay technique for elbow flexion restoration in patients with upper brachial plexus injury. Despite its widespread use, there are few studies regarding the anatomic location of the donor fascicle for Oberlin's procedure. Our report aims to analyze the anatomical variability of this fascicle within the UN, while obtaining quantifiable, objective data with intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) for donor fascicle selection.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of patients at our institution who underwent an Oberlin's procedure from September 2019 to July 2023. We used IONM for donor fascicle selection (greatest FCU muscle and least intrinsic hand muscle activation). We prospectively obtained demographic and electrophysiological data, as well as anatomical location of donor fascicles and post‐surgical morbidities. Surgeon's perception of FCU/intrinsic muscle contraction was compared to objective muscle amplitude during IONM.ResultsEight patients were included, with a mean age of 30.5 years and an injury‐to‐surgery interval of 4 months. Donor fascicle was located anterior in two cases, posterior in two, radial in two and ulnar in two patients. Correlation between surgeon's perception and IONM findings were consistent in six (75%) cases. No long term motor or sensory deficits were registered.ConclusionsFascicle anatomy within the UN at the proximal arm is highly variable. The use of IONM can aid in optimizing donor fascicle selection for Oberlin's procedure.
Fabrication of poly(acrylic acid)/chitosan/linseed mucilage films: Thermal and mechanical properties
Authors: Corona‐Rivera Miguel Ángel , Velasco Martín Rabelero , Ovando‐Medina Víctor Manuel , Cervantes‐González Elsa , López José Elías Pérez 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe use of biodegradable polymers in the plastics industry has been increasing in recent years. The study of the chemical, physical, thermal, and mechanical properties of films based on biodegradable components is of interest to technologists because these properties determine their applicability for food packaging. In this work, films based on natural polymers such as linseed mucilage (LM) and chitosan (CH), as well as poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) were obtained through the casting method and using V‐50 as the initiator. The films were characterized through Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis, and their water absorption and swelling capacity, and thermal and mechanical properties were determined. Homogenous flexible, translucid, amber‐colored films, with low absorption and solubility in water were obtained. It was demonstrated through Fourier Transform Infrared analysis the chemical interaction between C–H, CO, and C–O chemical groups of LM, CH, and PAA. In addition, films showed high resistance to thermal decomposition between 125 and 425°C. The mechanical tests of tension allowed the composition of LM in the film, the behavior variates between a plastic and/or elastic material and with tensile strength (Rm) values between 10.8 and 16.4 MPa and elastic modulus (E) values between 56.2 and 169.2 GPa, we observed that at higher quantities of LM and thickness, both E and Rm tend to increase, while %EL decreases. This led us to conclude that the material transitioned from ductile and malleable to rigid and brittle. The films obtained with different ratios of LM/CH/PAA may exhibit a semi‐interpenetrating polymeric networking type morphology.Highlights
Thermal and mechanical properties are of interest in food packaging materials.
Water absorption can impact the packaged food.
Films can be processed on existing machines for conventional plastics.
Some conventional plastics could be replaced by these biodegradable films.
Biodegradable films are of great interest to the industry of food packaging.