bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of macrophages on the expression of sex difference in the susceptibility toBrugia pahangiinfection in C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Nakanishi Hirokuni , Horii Yoichiro , Fujita Koichiro 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTThe role of macrophages or eosinophils on the expression of sex difference in the susceptibility to a primaryBrugia pahangiinfection in C57BL/6 mice was investigated by using a macrophage blockade technique (carbon treatment) or a histamine type 1 (H1) receptor antagonist (promethazine). Carbon treatment remarkably inhibited macrophage exudation, reduced the resistance of female mice, and completely abolished sex difference in the susceptibility toB. pahangiinfection. Although promethazine treatment inhibited eosinophil exudation, it caused only a little increase (not significant) in the recovery rate of worms. These results suggest that macrophages have more important role(s) than do eosinophils on the expression of sex difference in the susceptibility to a primaryB. pahangiinfection in C57BL/6 mice.
Strain-dependent differences in susceptibility of mice to experimental Angiostrongylus costaricensis infection
Authors: Ishii Akira I. , Sano Motohito 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTExperimental Angiostrongylus costaricensis infection was carried out in inbred strains of mice (C57BL/6, BALB/c, DBA/2 and C3H/He). All strains became infected with this parasite. Marked differences in mortality and in worm burden were found among inbred strains of mice tested. A significant reduction was shown in worm length from mice compared to that from cotton rats.
Redescription of Thometrema magnifica (Szidat, 1954) Gibson & Bray, 1979 (Trematoda: Hemiuroidea), with comments on the validity of T. portoalegrensis Amato, 1968
Authors: Kohn A. , Fróes O. M. , Fernandes B. M. M. , Abramson B. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTThometrema magnifica from Hypostomus commersoni and Loricariichthys anus (new host) is redescribed with additional morphological data and original figures, measurements and figures of Szidat's paratypes. Gibson & Bray's hypothesis that T. portoalegrensis is its synonym is confirmed.
In vivoandin vitrodevelopment ofSchistosoma Margrebowiei
Authors: Ogbe Martin G. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTThe development ofSchistosoma margrebowieiin hamsters, mice and gerbils has been studied following infection by cercariae obtained from laboratory-infectedBulinus natalensis. The rate is compared with that of other schistosome spp. and found to be very fast.In vitrodevelopment was slower and did not proceed beyond the closed-gut stage.
Experiments on habitat selection of Heterophyes species in different definitive hosts
Authors: Taraschewski Horst 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTHeterophyes heterophyes, H. aequalis and H. dispar showed distinct zonation in the small intestine of different definitive hoste. The flukes were found in their appropriate zone within four to six hours after infection. It appeared that their position shifted posteriorly during their life and that the shift proceeded more rapidly in unsuitable hosts. Hisgological sections revealed that the flukes are not deeply embedded in the host's mucosa.
Diagnostic Mr31 000Schistosoma mansoniproteins: requirement of infection, but not immunization, and use of the “miniblot” technique for the production of monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Ruppel Andreas , Breternitz Ute , Burger Reinhard 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTAntibodies directed against diagnostic Mr31 000 polypeptide(s) of adultSchistosoma mansoniwere already formed in mice during prepatency. In contrast, repeated immunization of mice with homogenates of adult schistosomes failed to elicit antibodies detectable in immunoblots in the Mr31 000 region. Therefore, spleen cells of infected mice were used to produce hybridoma lines. The “miniblot technique” was developed in order to detect in hybridoma supernatants antibodies against schistosome Mr31 000 components. Electrophoretically separated totalS. mansoniproteins were transferred onto nitrocellulose, and the position of the Mr31 000 components was determined with polyclonal antisera and immunoblotting. Pieces of about 3 square mm of nitrocellulose bearing the diagnostic proteins were incubated with about 100 μ1 of hybridoma supernatant in microtitre plates and subsequently probed with peroxidase-conjugated antibody to mouse IgG. This screening technique identified hybridomas secreting antibody to the relevantS. mansoniantigens. It is applicable to other defined parasit antigens, which are, however, not available in biochemically purified form. The monoclonal antibodies produced against the proteins with diagnostic potential reacted with antigens localized in the schistosome gut.
Eosinophilia in chimeric mice infected withToxocara canis
Authors: Sugane Kazuo , Matsuura Tadashi 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTA marked strain variation in eosinophilia following oral infection withToxocara caniseggs was observed in mice. Mutual radiation chimeras between high and low responder mice in terms of eosinophilia were made and compared with the respective donor and recipient for eosinophilia after the infection. As a result, the degree and time course of eosinophilia in chimeric mice were similar to those in donors. The result suggested that genes which regulate inheritance of the trait, marked eosinophilia inT. canis-infected mice, might be expressed in bone marrow derived cells.
Observations on the transmission ofAngiostrongylus cantonensisfrom snail to rodent
Authors: Noda Shinichi , Uchikawa Ryuichi , Matayoshi Seiken , Watanabe Yohsuke , Sato Atsuo 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTA survey ofAngiostrongylus cantonensiswas carried out to investigate the mode of transmission from molluse to rat in a fixed study area of Yoron Island from 1979 to 1982.Rattus rattuswas found to be infected with a small number of worms in spite of heavy infection with third-stage larvae inAchatina fulicaand an abundance of this snail in the area. Natural infection and/or susceptibility withA. cantonensiswere confirmed in three small snail species.Bradybaena circulus, Fruticicola despectaandLuchuena reticulata. YoungA. fulicawas found to be infected with fewer third-stage larvae than matureA. fulica. It was concluded that molluscs which were infected with a small number of third-stage larvae ofA. cantonensisplay an important role in maintaining the life cycle ofA. cantonensis. The percentage of rat stomachs containing molluse tissue was relatively low, and the incidence and infection was low in rats. Infection withA. cantonensisdid not occur very often inR. rattusin nature.
Survival of shelled acanthors ofMoniliformis moniliformis(Acanthocephala) under laboratory conditions
Authors: Arnold S. E. , Crompton D. W. T. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTShelled acanthors (=eggs) of two isolates ofMoniliformis moniliformis(Acanthocephala) were tested for their capacity to respond to a hatching stimulusin vitroand for their retention of infectivity to a natural intermediate host (Periplaneta americana). The shelled acanthors were stored for more than 120 weeks (Australian isolate) and for 104 weeks (Texan isolate) together with rat faeces in an incubator maintained at 22·2±0·1°C. In both cases, infectivity toP. americanawas shown to have been retained.In vitrotests of the hatching response were carried out on many occasions during this period of faecal storage. Shelled acanthors continued to respond and no differences were detected either between isolates or within an isolate through time.
Studies on the life-cycle ofPleurogenoides ovatusRao, 1977 (Trematoda: Pleurogenetinae)
Authors: Janardanan K. P. , Prasadan P. K. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTThe life-cycle ofPleurogenoides ovatusRao, 1977, infecting the frogs,Rana tigrinaandR. cyanophlyctishas been elucidated. All the life-cycle stages from egg to egg-producing adults were successfully established in the laboratory. The life-cycle took about 80 days for completion. Cercariae were found in the freshwater snail,Digoniostoma pulchella, collected from paddy fields at Chelembra, Malappuram district of Kerala, during the monsoon months. Cercariae are of the virgulate xiphidiocercous type. Metacercariae occurred in the connective tissues, hepatopancreas and musculature of the freshwater crab,Paratelphusa hydrodromous. The growth and development of the metacercariae inP. hydrodromoushave been studied in detail. Frogs became infected when they fed on infected crabs. The prepatent period is 10 days.
Onchocerca lienalis:comparison of techniques for the cryopreservation of microfilariae within skin-snips or free of host tissues
Authors: Tagboto S. K. , Townson S. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTOnchocerca lienalismicrofilariae (mf) were cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen within skin-snips using methanol as a cryoprotectant and their viability evaluated and compared to mf cryopreserved free of host tissues using ethanediol as a cryoprotectant. Despite an initial delay in emergence, the methanol technique did not significantly affect the total numbers of mf emerging from skin-snips of various sizes (3·3–59·81 mg) compared to untreated controls over a 6 h period. Following thawing, the initial motility index (MI) scores of mf cryopreserved by either method were not significantly different from untreated controls; however, over a period of 15 days in culture the MI scores of both cryopreserved groups showed a small but significant overall decline, with the methanol technique producing the lowest scores. These changes in motility levels correlated with the numbers of mf which developed to the infective stage following intrathoracic injection intoSimulium ornatum, although this ability to develop was a much more sensitive measure of parasite viability; compared to untreated control recoveries of 3rd-stage larvae, 63·9–71·7% (ethanediol technique) and 34·2–36·9% (methanol technique) of this number were recovered from cyropreserved groups. There were no significant differences in the lengths of infective larvae recovered from the insect heads from each treatment group, nevertheless there were higher numbers of 2nd-stage larvae recovered from the cryopreserved groups compared to the untreated controls. The methanol technique has the advantage of being easier to carry Out under field conditions, while parasite viability is significantly better using the ethanediol technique.
Oesophagostomum columbianum: gamma-irradiated third-stage larvae for immunization in lambs
Authors: Sharma R. L. , Dhar D. N. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract40-kR /-irradiated third-stage larvae of Oesophagostomum columbianum were used for the immunization of Kashmir Merino lambs. Male lambs (aged from 8 to 12 weeks) were immunized in two separate experiments by two doses of irradiated larvae, given 21 days apart, and subsequently challenged with normal larvae. Judging by the establishment of worms resulting from the challenge infections in the immunized and control groups of lambs in the two experiments, a high degree of immunity was shown to develop in young lambs vaccinated with 500, followed 21 days later with 2000, 40-kR irradiated larvae. Lambs from the immunized groups showed more nodules in the intestine, a high percentage of which were positive for histotrophic stages of O. columbianum, than did controls. The importance of this finding in relation to the possible use of a vaccine for the immuno-prophylaxis of oesophagostomiasis in sheep and other animals is discussed.
Transmission of Schistosoma bovis in Mkulwe (Mbozi District, Mbeya Region, Southern Highlands of Tanzania)
Authors: Mwambungu John Amos 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTVarious populations of laboratory bred bulinid snails were exposed to miracidia of Schistosoma bovis from Mbozi. The parasite is naturally transmitted by Bulinus globosus in the area. Laboratory infection revealed a good relationship with B. forskalii and B. globosus from Mbozi and a population of B. forskalii from Dar es Salaam (infection rates 100%, 63·6% and 41·7% respectively). Populations of B. globosus and B. nasutus from Dar es Salaam were refractory. It appears that both snail species (B. globosus and B. forskalii) present in Mbozi district transmit S. bovis.
Cyclic and non-cyclic dynamics in populations of the helminth parasites of wood mice,Apodemus sylvaticus
Authors: Montgomery S. S. J. , Montgomery W. I. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTTwo populations ofApodemus sylvaticus, one in deciduous woodland and another in coniferous forest in Co. Down, Northern Ireland, were trapped at monthly intervals over 33 months. The dynamics, reproduction and age structure of the mouse populations differed between years with over a 40 fold range of population size. Nine species of helminths were recovered from the alimentary tract and associated organs of the mice. The prevalence and mean worm burden of the cestodes,Catenotaenia lobata, Hymenolepis hiberniaandTaenia taeniaeformisvaried erratically. The trematodes,Corrigia vittaand to a lesser degreeBrachylaima recurva, had seasonal changes in abundance. The nematodesCapillaria murissylvaticiandNematospiroides dubiushad strongly seasonal cycles of abundance associated with the onset of host reproduction.Trichuris muriswas the rarest helminth. Despite protracted periods of absence this species maintained a seasonal increase in mean worm burden in late winter. The nematode,Syphacia stroma, had a weakly seasonal pattern of dynamics. The bases of these cyclical and non-cyclical dynamics of the helminths ofA. sylvaticusare discussed.
The cercarial output from three Nigerian bulinids infected with two strains of Schistosoma haematobium
Authors: Fryer S. E. , Probert A. J. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTThe daily cercarial output of two Nigerian strains of Schistosoma haematobium in sympatric Bulinus truncatus, B. globosus and B. senegalensis was measured at weekly intervals from the start of emission to the snails' death. In all cases cercariae were released throughout the life of the host, with no cases of “self cure”. Patterns of output through the course of infections in B. truncatus and B. senegalensis were similar to those reported for S. haematobium by other workers, with daily production of cercariae rising to a peak within a few weeks of the onset of shedding, then declining until the host's death. In the longer lived B. globosus production was significantly higher, but declined to very low levels after the initial peak; in some individuals cercarial output remained very low, while others showed a second period of high cercarial emission. The relative compatibility of each host-parasite combination is discussed.
Identification of life cycle stages of the nematodeEchinocephalus overstreetiby allozyme electrophoresis
Authors: Andrews R. H. , Beveridge I. , Adams M. , Baverstock P. R. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTData presented in this study highlight the potential of allozyme electrophoresis in providing unequivocal genetic evidence for the identification of life cycle stages, particularly where species have complex life cycles. Adults of the nematodeEchinocephalus overstreetiparasitize the elasmobranchHeterodontus portusjacksoni. The putative larval form which is morphologically dissimilar is found in two species of marine molluscs,Chlamys bifronsandPecten albus. Electrophoretic analysis indicated that the adult and larval forms shared alleles at all of the 34 enzyme loci established. Furthermore, there were no fixed allelic differences between larval forms from different mollusc species.
Immunity to adult Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Nematospiroides dubius): survival or rejection of adult worms following transplantation to mice refractory to larval challenge
Authors: Robinson M. , Behnke J. M. , Williams D.J.L. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTExperiments were carried out to explore the survival of 14-day adult H. polygyrus following transplantation to mice of four strains, immunized by various protocols. Adult worm establishment and survival was unimpaired in CFLP mice which were totally refractory to larval challenge. Transplanted adult worms were also successful in NIH mice immunized by the 9-day abbreviated infection regime. However, NIH mice exposed to irradiated larvae or subjected to the divided primary infection, expelled transplanted adults. The 9-day abbreviated infection was further examined in SJL and (C57 Bl10 X NIH) F1 mice which expel adult worms during a primary infection and although this regime was unsuccessful in causing NIH mice to reject adult worms, expulsion of adult worms was accelerated in SJL and F1 mice. The survival of adult H. polygyrus was discussed in the context of stage-specific immunity and the delicate balance between the immunogenic stimuli from developing larvae, the immunomodulatory activities of adult stages and the host's genetically determined capacity to respond to these opposing signals.
Experimental infection in a human subject by a possibly undescribed species ofTaeniain Taiwan
Authors: Chao David , Wong Ming M. , Fan Ping-Chin 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTA cysticercus of a possibly undescribed species ofTaeniawhich occurs commonly in Taiwan aborigines was used to establish an experimental infection in a human volunteer. Symptomatic effects attributed to the infection included diarrhoea, upper abdominal pain, and increase or loss of appetite over a four-month period. After an expelled proglottid was observed 122 days post-exposure, eggs and proglottids were found continuously until the patient was treated with anthelmintics. Antibody titres measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and levels of eosinophilia seemed to correlate with symptoms. Haematological analyses revealed an abnormal lipid metabolism during the entire symptomatic period.
Up to what point are cercariogenesis and sporocystogenesis reversible in schistosomes?
Authors: Kechemir N. , Combes C. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTA study of larval development of Schistosoma haematobium in the snail Planorbarius metidjensis infected by transplanted sporocysts showed that some embryos in daughter sporocysts have characters intermediate between cercariae and sporocysts. These embryos are interpreted to be nearly mature cercariae that have partially reverted to be secondary sporocysts. If this explanation is correct, it would mean that the embryos which develop within trematode daughter sporocysts can differentiate either into cercariae or into a new generation of sporocysts, but originate from a single type of germinal cell.
On the viability of Fasciola gigantica metacercariae ingested by Lymnaea auricularia
Authors: Yadav S. C. , Gupta S. C. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe effect of ingestion by Lymnaea auricularia on the viability and infectivity of Fasciola gigantica metacercariae was studied. The cyst wall was unaffected by the snail's digestive processes. Two rabbits, each infected with 50 ingested metacercariae, died at 83 and 87 days post-infection. Eight and 10 immature flukes were recovered from the livers, indicating that the metacercariae had remained infective after passing through the intestine of the snail.
The ultrastructure of the peri-vulval region of Strongyloides cebus
Authors: Viney M. E. , Ashford R. W. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTUltrastructural studies were undertaken on a discrete peri-vulval area of cuticular modification in the parasitic female of Strongyloides cebus. Cilium-like arrangements of microtubules were observed which suggested that this region was sensory in nature. The possible function of this is discussed.
A study on the life-cycle and epidemiology of Pseudanoplocephala crawfordi Baylis, 1927
Authors: Taijing Jiang , Zhehao Jin , Hui Wu , Chunquan Cui 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTA study of the life-cycle and epidemiology of Pseudanoplocephala crawfordi Baylis, 1927 is reported. Intermediate hosts are Tenebrio obscurus, T. molitor, Carpophilus dimidiatus and Tribolium castaneum. The first three species are new host records. Development in the intermediate host takes 1–1.5 months. The completion of the life-cycle takes 2–2.5 months. Surveys of intermediate hosts, pigs, humans and rats were carried out. In Rattus norvegicus, the prevalence was as high as 22%. Epidemiological factors and suggestions for control measures are discussed.
Influence of intramolluscan larval stages of Echinostoma liei on the infectivity of Schistosoma mansoni cercariae
Authors: Jourdane J. , Mounkassa J. B. , Imbert-Establet D. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTDuring co-infection of Biomphalaria glabrata with Schistosoma mansoni and Echinostoma liei, S. mansoni cercariae released before the complete resorption of S. mansoni sporocysts show a very strong decrease of their infectivity in mice. Under conditions of high interspecific competition (i.e. when the snails are infected by E. liei 8 days after infection by S. mansoni), the mean overall worm return is five times lower than that of the control experiment. A marked decrease of the infectivity of cercariae is also noted when snails, infected exclusively with either sporocysts of S. mansoni or rediae of E. liei, are associated in the same tank.
Isolation, purification and characterization of surface antigens of the bovine filarial parasiteSetaria digitatafor the immunodiagnosis of bancroftian filariasis
Authors: Theodore J. Gerald , Kaliraj P. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTThe surface antigens of the bovine filarial parasiteSetaria digitatawere isolated by EDTA extraction and purified by affinity chromatography using sepharose bound human filarial (Wuchereria bancrofti) antibodies obtained from chronic human filarial sera. The purified and crude antigens were used in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of serum antibodies in bancroftian filariasis. The purified antigen showed sensitive and specific reactions in ELISA for the detection of antibodies in filarial sera and showed least cross reactivity with other parasitic infections. The crude and purified antigens showed about 18 and 6 peptide bands respectively in SDS-PAGE and about 11 and 6 antigenic bands respectively in enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB). The purified antigen was observed to be glycoprotein in nature. It was possible to identify the stage-specific infection in human filariasis by using the crude and purified antigens in EITB.
Epidemiology of hydatid disease in Sardinia: a study of fertility of cysts in sheep
Authors: Bortoletti G. , Gabriele F. , Seu V. , Palmas C. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTHydatidosis, caused by Echinococcus granulosus, is a cyclozoonotic disease of economic significance in Sardinia. The life-cycle involves stray and sheep dogs as definitive hosts and sheep, pigs, goats and cattle as intermediate hosts. The most important intermediate host is sheep, due to home slaughtering with ready access of the viscera to dogs. This survey was undertaken in 1987 to ascertain the epidemiological significance of sheep in maintaining the life-cycle. A total of 700 (91·3%) of 767 sheep harboured hydatid cysts. The frequency distribution of the number of hydatid cysts was over-dispersed. Of 497 infected sheep, 7·6% had fertile cysts, 75·7% sterile cysts and 16·7% fertile + sterile cysts.
Seasonal variations in the populations of infective larvae on pasture and the numbers of nematode eggs in the faeces of farmed goats
Authors: Rahman Wahab A. , Collins G. H. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTThe levels of nematode egg production in goats and the availability of infective larvae (L3) on pasture were investigated on a dairy unit in New South Wales, Australia. The output of eggs by adult goats was always above 300 epg. The profile of the graph of larval availability in herbage paralleled those for temperature and rainfall, suggesting that larval peaks occurred when the temperature and availability of moisture were optimal. The dominant genus was Trichostrongylus, followed by Haemonchus, then Ostertagia. A larger proportion of Haemonchus larvae in the cultures of faeces were collected during the summer months.