bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Tunable Multicolor Photoluminescent Nanocarbon Prepared from Castor Oil Soot
Authors: Prasad K.S. , Fan Nien‐Chu , Wu Li‐Chen , Chang Heng‐Chia , Wang Li‐Sheng , Hwang Kuo‐Chu , Hwu Reuben Jih‐Ru , Horng Jia‐Cherng , Lin Chun‐Cheng , Ho Ja‐an Annie 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe herein report a straightforward soot‐based synthesis and characterization of the negatively charged, hydrophilic, photoluminescent nanocarbon. The photoluminescent nanocarbon was prepared by refluxing castor oil soot in nitric acid. The as‐obtained fluorescent nanocarbon shows multiple colors under UV exposure and was characterized with surface morphological and spectral studies. Additionally, the photoluminescence nature of the nanocarbon was tunable by changing the pH or the dilution factor. During the course of the investigation, it has been found that, the photoluminescence nature observed here is not attributed to the presence of poly aromatic hydrocarbons, but solely due to the trait of the fluorescent nanocarbon. These results indicate that interparticle surface plasmon resonance plays a key role in the exhibition of photoluminescence. Furthermore, the feasibility of photoluminescent nanocarbon as a plausible tool for cell imaging and electrochemical application of the oxidized nanocarbon has also been examined.
Experimental design of the kinetic resolution of a key precursor of high‐value bioactive myo‐inositols by an immobilized lipase
Authors: Cunha Aline G. , da Silva Angelo A. T. , Godoy Mateus G. , Almeida Rodrigo V. , Simas Alessandro B. C. , Freire Denise M. G. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: The response surface methodology was successfully applied to the optimization of the reaction variables for the kinetic resolution of a precursor of high‐value myo‐inositols, ( ± )‐1,2‐O‐isopropylidene‐3,6‐di‐O‐benzyl‐myo‐inositol (( ± )‐1), by Novozym 435. The resolutions were run separately, with two acylating agents, ethyl acetate and vinyl acetate, in a solvent‐free system. The variables analyzed were reaction temperature, substrate concentration, water concentration and enzyme activity. A statistical model was employed for the evaluation of the influence of the variables on conversion and enantiomeric excess (ee).RESULTS: The optimal conditions for this resolution using vinyl acetate as acylating agent were 45 °C, 5 mg mL−1 of substrate, 71 U of enzyme activity and 0%w/w of water concentration. The high conversion (49.2 %) and ee (>99%) reached in the chemoenzymatic synthesis of acylated product, L‐(−)‐5‐O‐Acetyl‐3,6‐di‐O‐benzyl‐1,2‐O‐isopropylidene‐myo‐inositol, secure the efficient synthesis of the D enantiomorph present in the original racemic mixture (( ± )‐1) as well.CONCLUSIONS: The use of the experimental design strategy was productive, leading to a 14‐fold increase in the productivity of the reaction compared with the non‐optimized conditions. Both derivative L‐(−)‐2 and remaining substrate D‐(+)‐1 were obtained at high ee. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Treatment of wastewaters from the olive mill industry by sonication
Authors: Oztekin Rukiye , Sponza Delia Teresa 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: In this study, the effects of additives (manganese (III) oxide (Mn3O4), Cu+2, Fe0 and potassium iodate (KIO3)) and radical scavengers (sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), perfluorohexane (C6F14) and t‐buthyl alcohol (C4H10O)) on the dephenolization, decolorization, dearomatization and detoxification of olive mill wastewater (OMW) by sonication were investigated because wastewaters from this industry are not removed effectively.RESULTS: The maximum COD, color, total phenol and total aromatic amines (TAAs) removal efficiencies were 63, 82, 78 and 71%, respectively, at 60 °C with sonication only. The TAAs and phenol yields were increased to 96 and 97% with 6 mg L−1 KIO3 and 3 mg L−1 Fe0 while color removal reached 97% with 6 mg L−1 C6F14. The total annual cost with sonication only was 665 € m−3 year−1 while the cost slightly increased (666€ m3 year−1) with C6F14. The maximum acute toxicity removals were 97‐98% in Daphnia magna and Vibrio fischeri The Microtox acute toxicity test was more sensitive than the Daphnia magna to the OMW samples.CONCLUSION: COD, color, total phenol, TAAs and toxicity in an OMW were removed efficiently and cost‐effectively by sonication. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Acclimation of an anaerobic consortium capable of effective biomethanization of mechanically‐sorted organic fraction of municipal solid waste through a semi‐continuous enrichment procedure
Authors: Bertin Lorenzo , Bettini Cristina , Zanaroli Giulio , Fraraccio Serena , Negroni Andrea , Fava Fabio 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Municipal solid waste is generally disposed of by incineration or landfilling. Higher combustion efficiencies or lower waste amounts to be dumped, respectively, can be obtained through recovery of the waste wet fraction, which could be valorized by means of anaerobic digestion processes with the production of a CH4‐rich biogas. However, such a fraction is typically poorly digestible. The aim of this work was to obtain a methanogenic consortium capable of effective biomethanization of the wet fraction collected from a municipal solid waste.RESULTS: An up‐flow recirculated column bioreactor (0.36 L) was initially filled with cattle manure and then, after a short batch working period, fed with the above mentioned target substrate according to a semicontinuous scheme. More than 90% of the overall COD fed during the whole 5‐months experiment was depleted. The methane production yield gradually increased throughout the process to 0.35 L g−1 of depleted COD. Molecular analysis of the microbial consortium indicated that the archaeal population, which consisted of two acetoclastic Methanosarcina sp. strains, persisted during the whole experiment, whereas several hydrolytic and acidogenic Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were enriched throughout the process, concomitantly to the increase of the biomethanization potential of the consortium.CONCLUSIONS: An anaerobic consortium capable of efficiently converting the wet fraction of municipal solid waste into methane was obtained through a dedicated enrichment procedure in an up‐flow anaerobic recirculated reactor. This result was mainly ascribed to the acclimation and enrichment of bacterial species. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Excessive running induces cartilage degeneration in knee joints and alters gait of rats
Authors: Beckett Jeffrey , Jin Wu , Schultz Melissa , Chen Andrew , Tolbert Daniel , Moed Berton R. , Zhang Zijun 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe goal of this study was to develop an aggressive running regimen for modeling osteoarthritis (OA) in rats. Twelve Wistar rats were randomly placed into either a running group or a non‐running group to serve as the control. The running rats used a motorized treadmill to run either 30 km in 3 weeks or 55 km in 6 weeks. Each week, the prints of hind paws were obtained when rats were made to walk through a tunnel. The resulting prints were digitalized for analyses of stride length and step angle. The histology of the knees was examined at 3 and 6 weeks and the OA pathology in the knees was quantified by Mankin's score. Osteoarthritic pathology developed in the knees of the running rats, including decreased proteoglycan content, uneven type II collagen distribution in the cartilage matrix, increased MMP‐13 expression, expanded calcified cartilage zone, and clefts and defects in articular cartilage. The pathology worsened from running for 3 to 6 weeks. Gait analysis revealed an inverse correlation between paw angle and the grades of OA pathology. In conclusion, excessive running induces joint degeneration and a unique gait pattern in rats. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:1604–1610, 2012
Multi‐investigator collaboration in orthopaedic surgery research compared to other medical fields
Authors: Brophy Robert H. , Smith Matthew V. , Latterman Christian , Jones Morgan H. , Reinke Emily K. , Flanigan David C. , Wright Rick W. , Wolf Brian R. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAn increasing emphasis has been placed across health care on evidence‐based medicine with higher level studies, such as randomized trials and prospective cohort studies. Historically, clinical research in orthopaedic surgery has been dominated by studies with low patient numbers from a limited number of surgeons. The purpose of this study was to test our hypothesis that orthopaedics has fewer multi‐center collaborative studies as compared to other medical disciplines. We chose three leading journals from general medicine, a leading journal from the surgical subspecialties of obstetrics and gynecology, ophthalmology and otolaryngology, and three leading journals from orthopaedic surgery based on highest impact factor. We compared the percentage of collaborative studies and the number of contributing institutions and authors in original research manuscripts published in 2009 between general medical, surgical subspecialty and orthopaedic surgery journals. A significantly higher percentage of manuscripts resulted from multicenter collaborative efforts in the general medical literature (p < 0.000001) and the other surgical subspecialty literature (p < 0.000001) compared to the orthopaedic surgery literature. Manuscripts published in the general medical journals came from more institutions (p < 0.0001) and had significantly more authors (p < 0.000001) than those published in the orthopaedic surgery journals. There is an opportunity to stimulate greater multicenter collaborative research, which correlates with increased patient numbers, a higher level of evidence and more generalizable findings, in the orthopaedic surgery community. These efforts can be supported through increased funding, surgeon participation, and appropriate expansion of authorship for multicenter studies in orthopaedic journals. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:1523–1528, 2012
miR‐21 expression is related to particle‐induced osteolysis pathogenesis
Authors: Zhou Yingchuan , Liu Yi , Cheng Li 
Published: April 2012

AbstractPrevious studies have found that microRNA‐21 (miR‐21) is an important functional factor during osteoclast differentiation. Abnormal osteoclastogenesis induced by wear particles is the main cause of aseptic loosening in joint replacements. The aim of the present study is to investigate the possible role of miR‐21 in the pathogenesis of particle‐induced osteolysis (PIO). miR‐21 expression was examined in a PIO mouse model using real‐time (RT‐PCR). Osteoclastogenesis was determined by a tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) quantification method. A toluidine blue staining assay was used to examine calvarial osteolysis. The results demonstrated that miR‐21 was significantly upregulated in the PIO animal model. Knocking out miR‐21 in the particle‐stimulated tissue could ameliorate osteolysis symptoms. Additionally, through our analysis of PDCD4 and AP‐1 expression, we suggest that the feedback loop of AP‐1, miR‐21, and PDCD4 might have an important influence on the development of PIO and that miR‐21 is a potential target for implant loosening therapies. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:1837–1842, 2012
Effects of endothelial cells on proliferation and survival of human mesenchymal stem cells and primary osteoblasts
Authors: Steiner Dominik , Lampert Florian , Stark G. Björn , Finkenzeller Günter 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAngiogenesis is a fundamental process in bone formation, remodeling, and regeneration. Moreover, for the regeneration of bone in tissue engineering applications, it is essential to support neovascularization. This can be achieved by cell‐based therapies using primary endothelial cells, which are able to form functional blood vessels upon implantation. In bone composite grafts, coimplanted endothelial cells do not only support neovascularization but also support osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoprogenitor cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of endothelial cells on proliferation and cell survival of human primary osteoblasts (hOBs) and human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) stimulated hOB and MSC proliferation, whereas proliferation of HUVECs was unaffected by cocultured hOBs or MSCs. The effect of HUVEC cocultivation on hOB and MSC proliferation was more pronounced in direct cocultures than in indirect cocultures, indicating that this effect is at least partially dependent on the formation of heterotypic cell contacts between HUVECs and hOBs or MSCs. Furthermore, HUVEC cocultivation reduced low‐serum induced apotosis of hOBs and MSCs by a mechanism involving increased phosphorylation and inactivation of the proapoptotic protein Bad. In summary, our experiments have shown that cocultured HUVECs increase the proliferation and reduce low‐serum induced apoptosis of hOBs and MSCs. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:1682–1689, 2012
Soil chemical properties and nutritional status of trees in pure and mixed‐species stands in south Ethiopia
Authors: Lemma Bekele 
Published: April 2012

AbstractInterest in mixed‐species plantations in the tropics has increased because they appear to provide a wider range of options, such as yield, biodiversity, nutrient cycling, and C sequestration than pure stands. Pure stands of Pinus patula Schlecht. and Charm., Juniperus procera Hochst., and Grevillea robusta A. Cunn., and mixed stands of P. patula/G. robusta, P. patula/J. procera, and P. patula/Podocarpus falcatus R. Br. at Wondo Genet in S Ethiopia were studied to examine (1) the impact of mixed‐species plantations on soil chemical properties, and (2) the impact of mixed‐species plantations on the nutritional status of constituent trees. Soil (0–50 cm depth) and foliage samples were collected from four random plots (100 m2) in each of the pure and mixed‐species plantations. Soil samples were analyzed for organic C, N, and base cations. Foliage samples were analyzed for nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg). There were little significant differences in soil chemical properties and foliar nutrient concentrations of trees between the pure and mixed stands. Among pure stands, J. procera and G. robusta differed in soil exchangeable Ca++ and K+ at 0–5 cm soil depth and in foliar P and Ca concentration. After 18 and 24 y, mixed stands did not influence soil chemical properties and tree nutrition differently than pure stands. This may be due to additive interaction in mixed‐species stands and the similarity of the constituent tree species in foliar nutrient concentration and their impact on soil chemical properties.
Chromatographic separation of clenbuterol by bonded phases bearing nano‐baskets of p‐tert‐calix[4]‐1,2‐crown‐3, ‐crown‐4, ‐crown‐5 and ‐crown‐6
Authors: Mokhtari Bahram , Pourabdollah Kobra 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Clenbuterol (salbutamol), which increases muscle mass and decreases adipose tissue, is misused as a nutrient‐repartitioning agent in livestock. In this paper a new sensitive method for determining clenbuterol in livestock is presented. The novelty of this approach is the separation and determination of salbutamol enantiomers with marked quantitative merits.RESULTS: Four proton di‐ionisable Nano‐baskets, namely 5,11,17,23‐tetrakis(1,1‐dimethylethyl)‐25,26‐bis(carboxy‐methoxy)calix[4]arene‐27,28‐crown‐3, ‐crown‐4, ‐crown‐5 and ‐crown‐6 in the cone conformation, were synthesised and used to prepare bonded phases for high‐performance liquid chromatography separation. The new synthesised bonded phases were characterised and optimised. The bonding interactions of solute/bonded phases were examined and the main interactions are reported.CONCLUSION: The clenbuterol levels in six samples of livestock meat (pork, pork casing, beef, beef casing, mutton and mutton casing) were analysed and the results revealed that for the best bonded phases the limits of detection and quantitation were 0.06 and 0.2 µg mL−1 respectively. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Lewy pathology and neurodegeneration in premotor Parkinson's disease
Authors: Del Tredici Kelly , Braak Heiko 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe foremost motor manifestations of Parkinson's disease are resting tremor, cogwheel rigidity, hypokinesia/bradykinesia, and postural instability. Epidemiological and clinical data reveal that a wide variety of additional complaints (nonmotor symptoms), also considerably impar patients' quality of life parallel to the chronic‐progressive neurodegenerative disorder. This article reviews the neuropathology and anatomy of Lewy pathology‐related neurodegeneration in relation to selected nonmotro and prodromal dysfunctions. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
Neuroimaging: Current role in detecting pre‐motor Parkinson's disease
Authors: Godau Jana , Hussl Anna , Lolekha Praween , Stoessl A. Jon , Seppi Klaus 
Published: April 2012

AbstractConvergent evidence suggests a pre‐motor period in Parkinson's disease (PD) during which typical motor symptoms have not yet developed although dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra have started to degenerate. Advances in different neuroimaging techniques have allowed the detection of functional and structural changes in early PD. This review summarizes the state of the art knowledge concerning structural neuroimaging techniques including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and transcranial B‐mode‐Doppler‐sonography (TCS) as well as functional neuroimaging techniques using radiotracer imaging (RTI) with different radioligands in detecting pre‐motor PD. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
Defining at‐risk populations for Parkinson's disease: Lessons from ongoing studies
Authors: Berg Daniela , Marek Ken , Ross George W. , Poewe Werner 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIt is currently widely acknowledged that the natural history of PD includes a preclinical phase, and there are increasing efforts to identify markers that would allow the identification of individuals at risk for PD. Here, we discuss the issues related to defining at‐risk populations for PD and review findings of current population‐based cohorts that have reported potential biomarkers for PD, such as the Honolulu‐Asia Aging Study (HAAS) and the PRIPS (Prospective Validation of Risk factors for the development of Parkinson Syndromes) study. We also discuss enriched risk cohorts designed to evaluate specificity and predictive value of markers exemplified by the PARS (Parkinson Associated Risk Study) and the TREND (Tübinger evaluation of Risk factors for the Early detection of NeuroDegeneration) study. Although there is still a long way to go, studies designed according to these concepts might eventually provide sufficient data to form the basis for future screening programs for PD risk to be applied at a population level. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
Microelectrode targeting of the subthalamic nucleus for deep brain stimulation surgery
Authors: Montgomery Erwin B. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThough microelectrode recordings likely increase the risks and costs of DBS, incremental improvement in accuracy may translate into improved outcomes that justify these risks and costs. Clinically based, controlled studies to resolve these issues are problematic. Until such studies are reported, physicians must rely on indirect evidence. The spatial variability of physiologically defined optimal targets, as determined by microelectrode recording (MER), necessary for targeting the STN was calculated. Study of the effectiveness of a MER algorithm was based on the number of penetrations required. The radius of the volume with a 99% chance of including the physiologically defined optimal target, based on 108 cases, was 4.5 mm. This is larger than the estimated radius of the DBS effect, which is variously estimated to be 2 to 3.9 mm. The 99% confidence radius in the plane orthogonal to the lead was 3.2 mm. In 70% of cases, the imaging‐based trajectories corresponded to the physiologically defined optimal target. For the remaining 30% of cases, 70% required only a single additional MER tract. The radii of the 99% confidence volume and area may be larger than the effective radius of stimulation. Surveying within those volumes or areas is therefore necessary to assure that at least 99% of cases will cover the physiologically defined target. The MER algorithm was robust in detecting the physiologically defined optimal target. However, there are significant caveats in interpretation of the data. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
Prerequisites to launch neuroprotective trials in Parkinson's disease: An industry perspective
Authors: Streffer Johannes R. , Grachev Igor D. , Fitzer‐Attas Cheryl , Gomez‐Mancilla Baltazar , Boroojerdi Babak , Bronzova Juliana , Ostrowitzki Susanne , Victor Stephen J. , Fontoura Paulo , Alexander Robert 
Published: April 2012

AbstractRealizing that 60% to 80% of dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons are nonfunctional at the time of clinical diagnosis, there is an emerging consensus that disease‐modifying treatments should be initiated in the earliest stages of Parkinson's disease (PD). To date, clinical trial designs and metrics in PD have been focused on motor symptoms as the core feature of the clinical disease. To identify earlier or “pre‐motor” populations in PD, new markers have been proposed. We address the prerequisites needed to use these pre‐motor markers in clinical trials for the selection of subjects, definition of populations, and monitoring of disease progression. This may require the development of new diagnostic criteria potentially based on non‐motor clinical signs, imaging techniques, or biological features, all requiring discussion in a regulatory framework. Questions addressed include: Which steps must be taken to gain a broad consensus in the field from academic opinion leaders, patient advocacy groups, regulatory bodies, and industry? How do we prevent the selection of subgroups, which may not be representative of the full disease spectrum? Is there a way forward in personalized medicine? How do we balance risk and benefit in an at‐risk population? While many tools are available, a concerted effort is required to develop integrated data sets, as well as to achieve the necessary standardization for multicenter clinical trials. To this end, public‐private consortia (including academic centers, patient advocacy groups, and industry) will be of crucial importance to prospectively investigate and define the best tools and treatment paradigms. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
Orthogonal PLS (OPLS) Modeling for Improved Analysis and Interpretation in Drug Design
Authors: Eriksson Lennart , Rosén Josefin , Johansson Erik , Trygg Johan 
Published: April 2012

AbstractPartial least squares (PLS) regression is a flexible data analytical approach, which can be made even more versatile and useful by various modifications. In this article we describe the extension into orthogonal PLS modeling, in terms of two new methods, called OPLS and O2PLS, with similar prediction capacity but improved model interpretation.