bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of irrational thought in medicine adherence: people with diabetic kidney disease
Authors: Williams Allison F. , Manias Elizabeth , Walker Rowan 
Published: August 2009

AbstractTitle.  The role of irrational thought in medicine adherence: people with diabetic kidney disease. Aim.  This paper is a report of a study conducted to examine how irrational thinking affects people’s adherence to multiple medicines prescribed to manage their diabetic kidney disease.Background.  Approximately 50% of people are non‐adherent to their prescribed medicines and the risk of non‐adherence escalates as the number of prescribed medicines increases. Adherence to prescribed medicines can slow disease progression in diabetic kidney disease.Methods.  A descriptive exploratory design was used. In‐depth interviews were conducted with 23 participants recruited from a nephrology outpatient clinic in Australia in 2007. Data were analysed using a ‘framework’ method.Findings.  Participants’ mean age was 59 years, they had approximately six chronic conditions in addition to their diabetic kidney disease and were prescribed a median of ten medicines daily. Two major themes of irrational thinking‐ heuristics and denial – and subthemes were identified. Heuristics contributed to inaccurate risk assessment and biases affecting rational judgement concerning medicines, whereas denial was used to enhance coping necessary to manage this complex health condition.Conclusion.  Participants underestimated their health risks because they had been taking medicines for many years and preferred not to dwell on their ill health. A large amount of irrational thinking was related to maintaining the emotional strength necessary to manage their comorbid conditions as best they could. Regular assessment and support of medicine adherence throughout the disease course is necessary to avert the development of counterproductive heuristics and denial affecting medicine adherence.
Factors affecting quality of life in Taiwanese survivors of childhood cancer
Authors: Chou Li‐Na , Hunter Anita 
Published: August 2009

AbstractTitle.  Factors affecting quality of life in Taiwanese survivors of childhood cancer. Aim.  This paper is a report of a pilot study to examine the significance, direction, and magnitude of the relationship of risk factors, protective factors, and resilience to quality of life in survivors of childhood cancer, and to explore what these variables meant to participants in order to better understand the quantitative findings and to assess the validity of the instruments with this population.Background.  Cancer survivors contend with physical, psychosocial and emotional consequences of the disease and its treatment. There has been little research in Taiwan assessing these outcomes and, as survivor numbers increase, appropriate interventions need to be implemented. Haase’s Adolescent Resilience Model was used as the theoretical framework.Methods.  A mixed methods design was used to assess the relationship between the variables for survivors of leukaemia and brain cancers. Ninety‐eight participants completed quantitative tools and interviews, and the data were collected in 2006.Findings.  Survivors of leukaemia had better quality of life than those with brain tumours. This is attributed to more positive protective factors, fewer illness‐related and individual risk factors and more positive resilience scores. Findings were congruent with similar studies from other countries. Qualitatively, participants believed that better quality of life meant less loss of self, a more integrated self, less chronic fear, and an ability to rebound and achieve personal control over one’s life.Conclusion.  Interventions and assessment of their efficacy are necessary to help survivors capitalize on their strengths, to decrease their individual risks and to promote resilience promote self‐control.
Principle‐based concept analysis: recognition in the context of nurse–patient interactions
Authors: Steis Melinda R. , Penrod Janice , Adkins Cherie S. , Hupcey Judith E. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractTitle. Principle‐based concept analysis: recognition in the context of nurse–patient interactions.Aim. This paper is a report of a principle‐based concept analysis of recognition in the context of nurse–patient interactions.Background. Recognition is a concept employed in practice and research. Since nursing is patient‐centred and care is problem‐driven, the specificity and accuracy of recognition may have an impact on how nurses label patient phenomena, interventions initiated and patient outcomes.Data sources. The data set included 98 English language articles published from 1997 to 2008 and retrieved through Medline and CINAHL searches.Methods. Principle‐based concept analysis was used to examine the state of the science according to major perspectives of the philosophy of science. Conceptual components were integrated into a theoretical definition and the process of recognition was conceptually modelled.Findings. The scientific literature dealing with recognition in the context of nurse–patient interactions relies on implied meaning. Recognition is a process marked by an awareness of evidence coupled with the formulation of a conceptual label summarizing the identified pattern of patient phenomena. Contextual features of the nurse, patient and organization are relevant during nurse–patient interactions, resulting in pivotal points in nursing care. These pivotal points are the moments of recognition when the nurse consciously applies a summary label to interpreted evidence. Outcomes of recognition include a choice to act or not to act, each option carrying significant outcomes for nurses, patients, and at times, organizations.Conclusion. A working definition was produced that will serve as a foundation for future concept‐driven research to advance the concept toward greater precision and usefulness in nursing science.
Job satisfaction and perceptions of quality of patient care, collaboration and teamwork in acute care hospitals
Authors: Chang Wen‐Yin , Ma Jui‐Chu , Chiu Hsiao‐Ting , Lin Kuan‐Chia , Lee Pi‐Hsia 
Published: August 2009

AbstractTitle.  Job satisfaction and perceptions of quality of patient care, collaboration and teamwork in acute care hospitals. Aim.  This paper is a report of a study conducted to compare levels of job satisfaction and perceptions of the quality of patient care, collaboration and teamwork among healthcare professionals in four acute care hospitals and to determine the factors associated with job satisfaction for physicians, nurses and other healthcare professionals.Background.  Positive inter‐professional relationships improve quality of patient care and staff job satisfaction. Understanding how healthcare professionals perceive their relationships with each other, and identifying factors that affect their job satisfaction and perceptions of the quality patient care, inform quality improvements.Method.  This cross‐sectional survey study was conducted in four hospitals in Taiwan. Data were collected in 2007 and analysed using descriptive statistics, one‐way anova with the Games‐Howell post hoc test and stepwise regression analysis.Results.  The survey was completed by 1475 respondent, giving a response rate of 52·2% (180 physicians, 1019 nurses and 276 other healthcare professionals). Physicians were more satisfied with their jobs (F = 26·75, P < 0·05) than either nurses or other healthcare professionals. Conversely, nurses perceived more positive collaborative relationships than did physicians or other healthcare professionals (F = 279·51, P < 0·05). Stepwise regression analysis demonstrated that perceptions of quality of patient care and collaborative relationships were the most important predictors of job satisfaction for healthcare providers.Conclusion.  These findings provide important clues for improving interdisciplinary collaboration and ensuring quality patient care through good job satisfaction and teamwork among healthcare professionals in acute care hospitals.
Judging nursing information on the WWW: a theoretical understanding
Authors: Cader Raffik , Campbell Steve , Watson Don 
Published: August 2009

AbstractTitle. Judging nursing information on the WWW: a theoretical understanding.Aim. This paper is a report of a study of the judgement processes nurses use when evaluating World Wide Web information related to nursing practice.Background. The World Wide Web has increased the global accessibility of online health information. However, the variable nature of the quality of World Wide Web information and its perceived level of reliability may lead to misinformation. This makes demands on healthcare professionals, and on nurses in particular, to ensure that health information of reliable quality is selected for use in practice.Method. A grounded theory approach was adopted. Semi‐structured interviews and focus groups were used to collect data, between 2004 and 2005, from 20 nurses undertaking a postqualification graduate course at a university and 13 nurses from a local hospital in the United Kingdom.Findings. A theoretical framework emerged that gave insight into the judgement process nurses use when evaluating World Wide Web information. Participants broke the judgement process down into specific tasks. In addition, they used tacit, process and propositional knowledge and intuition, quasi‐rational cognition and analysis to undertake these tasks. World Wide Web information cues, time available and nurses’ critical skills were influencing factors in their judgement process.Conclusion. Addressing the issue of quality and reliability associated with World Wide Web information is a global challenge. This theoretical framework could contribute towards meeting this challenge.
New Zealand phylogeography: evolution on a small continent
Authors: WALLIS GRAHAM P. , TREWICK STEVEN A. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractNew Zealand has long been a conundrum to biogeographers, possessing as it does geophysical and biotic features characteristic of both an island and a continent. This schism is reflected in provocative debate among dispersalist, vicariance biogeographic and panbiogeographic schools. A strong history in biogeography has spawned many hypotheses, which have begun to be addressed by a flood of molecular analyses. The time is now ripe to synthesize these findings on a background of geological and ecological knowledge. It has become increasingly apparent that most of the biota of New Zealand has links with other southern lands (particularly Australia) that are much more recent than the breakup of Gondwana. A compilation of molecular phylogenetic analyses of ca 100 plant and animal groups reveals that only 10% of these are even plausibly of archaic origin dating to the vicariant splitting of Zealandia from Gondwana. Effects of lineage extinction and lack of good calibrations in many cases strongly suggest that the actual proportion is even lower, in keeping with extensive Oligocene inundation of Zealandia. A wide compilation of papers covering phylogeographic structuring of terrestrial, freshwater and marine species shows some patterns emerging. These include: east–west splits across the Southern Alps, east–west splits across North Island, north–south splits across South Island, star phylogenies of southern mountain isolates, spread from northern, central and southern areas of high endemism, and recent recolonization (postvolcanic and anthropogenic). Excepting the last of these, most of these patterns seem to date to late Pliocene, coinciding with the rapid uplift of the Southern Alps. The diversity of New Zealand geological processes (sinking, uplift, tilting, sea level change, erosion, volcanism, glaciation) has produced numerous patterns, making generalizations difficult. Many species maintain pre‐Pleistocene lineages, with phylogeographic structuring more similar to the Mediterranean region than northern Europe. This structure reflects the fact that glaciation was far from ubiquitous, despite the topography. Intriguingly, then, origins of the flora and fauna are island‐like, whereas phylogeographic structure often reflects continental geological processes.
The influence of distinct pollinators on female and male reproductive success in the Rocky Mountain columbine
Authors: BRUNET JOHANNE , HOLMQUIST KARSTEN G. A. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAlthough there are many reasons to expect distinct pollinator types to differentially affect a plant’s reproductive success, few studies have directly examined this question. Here, we contrast the impact of two kinds of pollinators on reproductive success via male and female functions in the Rocky Mountain columbine, Aquilegia coerulea. We set up pollinator exclusion treatments in each of three patches where Aquilegia plants were visited by either day pollinators (majority bumble bees), by evening pollinators (hawkmoths), or by both (control). Day pollinators collected pollen and groomed, whereas evening pollinators collected nectar but did not groom. Maternal parents, potential fathers and progeny arrays were genotyped at five microsatellite loci. We estimated female outcrossing rate and counted seeds to measure female reproductive success and used paternity analysis to determine male reproductive success. Our results document that bumble bees frequently moved pollen among patches of plants and that, unlike hawkmoths, pollen moved by bumble bees sired more outcrossed seeds when it remained within a patch as opposed to moving between patches. Pollinator type differentially affected the outcrossing rate but not seed set, the number of outcrossed seeds or overall male reproductive success. Multiple visits to a plant and more frequent visits by bumble bees could help to explain the lack of impact of pollinator type on overall reproductive success. The increase in selfing rate with hawkmoths likely resulted from the abundant pollen available in experimental flowers. Our findings highlighted a new type of pollinator interactions that can benefit a plant species.
Extreme population genetic differentiation and secondary contact in the freshwater copepod Acanthodiaptomus pacificus in the Japanese Archipelago
Authors: MAKINO WATARU , TANABE AKIFUMI S. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe investigated the sequence variation in the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (mtCOI) gene and the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacers (ncITS) of the calanoid copepod Acanthodiaptomus pacificus in Japan. A. pacificus individuals were divided into three divergent mtCOI lineages (mt‐A, ‐B and ‐C). mt‐A was distributed in the northernmost part of Japan, from Hokkaido to the northern part of Honshu Island, whereas mt‐C was the southernmost lineage, distributed from central Honshu to Shikoku and Kyushu Islands. mt‐B was distributed between these former two lineages, resulting in parapatry with mt‐C and mt‐A. In all lineages, 80% of the localities were fixed for a single haplotype, and different localities tended to have different haplotypes. The degree of genetic differentiation among these lineages (15–22%) was at an interspecific level, according to the criteria of the DNA barcode technique. However, the topology of ncITS was not congruent with that of mtCOI, as the reciprocal monophyly was not observed within mt‐B and mt‐C. Therefore, we merged them into the Southern Lineage and separated it from the Northern Lineage (i.e. mt‐A). Evidence of introgression was found within the Southern Lineage, while gene flow was not observed between the Northern and Southern Lineages, suggesting that A. pacificus is a cryptic species complex. We also argue that genetic differentiations of A. pacificus in Japan may reflect the history of separation, transgression and regression of the landmass during the formation of current Japanese Archipelago.
Allopatric origin of cryptic butterfly species that were discovered feeding on distinct host plants in sympatry
Authors: McBRIDE CAROLYN S. , VAN VELZEN ROBIN , LARSEN TORBEN B. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractSurveys of tropical insects are increasingly uncovering cryptic species – morphologically similar yet reproductively isolated taxa once thought to comprise a single interbreeding entity. The vast majority of such species are described from a single location. This leaves us with little information on geographic range and intraspecific variation and limits our ability to infer the forces responsible for generating such diversity. For example, in herbivorous and parasitic insects, multiple specialists are often discovered within what were thought to be single more generalized species. Host shifts are likely to have contributed to speciation in these cases. But when and where did those shifts occur, and were they facilitated by geographic isolation? We attempted to answer these questions for two cryptic species within the butterfly Cymothoe egesta that were recently discovered on different host plants in central Cameroon. We first used mtDNA markers to separate individuals collected on the two hosts within Cameroon and then extended our analysis to incorporate individuals collected across the entire pan‐Afrotropical range of the original taxon. To our surprise, we found that the species are almost entirely allopatric, dividing the original range and overlapping only in the narrow zone of West‐Central Africa where they were first discovered in sympatry. This finding, combined with analyses of genetic variation within each butterfly species, strongly suggests that speciation occurred in allopatry, probably during the Pleistocene. We discuss the implications of our results for understanding speciation among other cryptic species recently discovered in the tropics and argue that more work is needed on geographic patterns and host usage in such taxa.
Decreased outer membrane permeability protects mycobacteria from killing by ubiquitin‐derived peptides
Authors: Purdy Georgiana E. , Niederweis Michael , Russell David G. 
Published: August 2009

SummaryUbiquitin‐derived peptides are bactericidal in vitro and contribute to the mycobactericidal activity of the lysosome. To further define interactions of ubiquitin‐derived peptides with mycobacteria, we screened for mutants with increased resistance to the bactericidal activity of the synthetic ubiquitin‐derived peptide Ub2. The four Ub2‐resistant Mycobacterium smegmatis mutants were also resistant to the bactericidal action of other antimicrobial peptides and macrophages. Two mutants were in the mspA gene encoding the main M. smegmatis porin. Using a translocation‐deficient MspA point mutant, we showed that susceptibility of M. smegmatis to Ub2 was independent of MspA channel activity. Instead, the M. smegmatis Ub2‐resistant mutants shared a common phenotype of decreased cell wall permeability compared with wild‐type bacteria. Expression of mspA rendered Mycobacterium tuberculosis CDC1551 more susceptible both to ubiquitin‐derived peptides in vitro and to lysosomal killing in macrophages. Finally, biochemical assays designed to assess membrane integrity indicated that Ub2 treatment impairs membrane function of M. smegmatis and M. tuberculosis cells. The M. smegmatis Ub2‐resistant mutants were more resistant than wild‐type M. smegmatis to this damage. We conclude that Ub2 targets mycobacterial membranes and that reduced membrane permeability provides mycobacteria intrinsic resistance against antimicrobial compounds including bactericidal ubiquitin‐derived peptides.
Over‐expression of Brassica napus phosphatidylinositol‐phospholipase C2 in canola induces significant changes in gene expression and phytohormone distribution patterns, enhances drought tolerance and promotes early flowering and maturation†
Authors: GEORGES FAWZY , DAS SHANKAR , RAY HEATHER , BOCK CHERYL , NOKHRINA KATERYNA , KOLLA VENKAT APPARAO , KELLER WILF 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTPhosphatidylinositol‐specific phospholipase C (PtdIns‐PLC2) plays a central role in the phosphatidylinositol‐specific signal transduction pathway. It catalyses the hydrolysis of membrane‐bound phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphosphate to produce two second messengers, sn‐1,2‐diacylglycerol and inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate. The former is a membrane activator of protein kinase C in mammalian systems, and the latter is a Ca2+ modulator which induces distinctive oscillating bursts of cytosolic Ca2+, resulting in regulation of gene expression and activation of proteins. Sustained over‐expression of BnPtdIns‐PLC2 in transgenic Brassica napus lines brought about an early shift from vegetative to reproductive phases, and shorter maturation periods, accompanied by notable alterations in hormonal distribution patterns in various tissues. The photosynthetic rate increased, while stomata were partly closed. Numerous gene expression changes that included induction of stress‐related genes such as glutathione S‐transferase, hormone‐regulated and regulatory genes, in addition to a number of kinases, calcium‐regulated factors and transcription factors, were observed. Other changes included increased phytic acid levels and phytohormone organization patterns. These results suggest the importance of PtdIns‐PLC2 as an elicitor of a battery of events that systematically control hormone regulation, and plant growth and development in what may be a preprogrammed mode.
A hierarchical Bayesian approach for estimation of photosynthetic parameters of C3plants
Authors: PATRICK LISA D. , OGLE KIONA , TISSUE DAVID T. 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTWe describe a hierarchical Bayesian (HB) approach to fitting the Farquharet al.model of photosynthesis to leaf gas exchange data. We illustrate the utility of this approach for estimating photosynthetic parameters using data from desert shrubs. Unique to the HB method is its ability to simultaneously estimate plant‐ and species‐level parameters, adjust for peaked or non‐peaked temperature dependence of parameters, explicitly estimate the ‘critical’ intracellular [CO2] marking the transition between ribulose 1·5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) and ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate (RuBP) limitations, and use both light response and CO2response curve data to better inform parameter estimates. The model successfully predicted observed photosynthesis and yielded estimates of photosynthetic parameters and their uncertainty. The model with peaked temperature responses fit the data best, and inclusion of light response data improved estimates for day respiration (Rd). Species differed inRd25(Rdat 25 °C), maximum rate of electron transport (Jmax25), a Michaelis–Menten constant (Kc25) and a temperature dependence parameter (ΔS). Such differences could potentially reflect differential physiological adaptations to environmental variation. Plants differed inRd25,Jmax25, mesophyll conductance (gm25) and maximum rate of Rubisco carboxylation (Vcmax25). These results suggest that plant‐ and species‐level variation should be accounted for when applying the Farquharet al.model in an inferential or predictive framework.