bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of Flight-Muscle Polymorphism in the Dung Beetle Phelotrupes laevistriatus (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae): A Phylogeographic Analysis
Authors: Ohta Yuri , Kobayashi Norio , Suzuki Seizi , Kato Tetsuya , Hori Shigehisa , Yamauchi Satoshi , Katakura Haruo 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Phylogeographic analyses were conducted for the dung beetle Phelotrupes laevistriatus (Motschulsky, 1857) (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae), which exhibits geographic variation in flight-muscle condition. Beetles with well-developed flight muscles, and thus capable of flying, are distributed in middle and southern Japan, from northern Honshu to Kyushu, whereas those without detectable flight muscle are distributed in northern Japan, on northern Honshu and Hokkaido. To investigate the origin of the flight-muscle dimorphism in P. laevistriatus, we determined sequences of a 603-bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene for 258 individuals from 43 population samples. We constructed gene trees using the neighbor-joining method, maximum likelihood method, and maximum parsimony method and a haplotype network using the median-joining method. Six major clusters were recognized in each tree or network by these analyses. They occupied different ranges, being arranged from southwest to northeast as Clusters VI, V, IV, III, II, and I, with partial geographical overlaps between IV and III and between II and I. The beetles with well-developed muscles were included in all these clusters, whereas the beetles without detectable muscles were included in two northern clusters, i.e., Clusters I and II. The results suggest that the common ancestor of P. laevistriatus originally possessed flight ability and then diversified into regional clusters, after which the loss of flight muscles occurred in northern clusters, possibly in response to climatic conditions associated with increased latitude.
Parasitism ofStagmomantis Carolina(Mantodea: Mantidae) byMasiphya confusa(Diptera: Tachinidae)
Authors: Young Orrey P 
Published: August 2009

AbstractField collections and laboratory observations document for the first time nymphal Stagmomantis Carolina (Johannson) (Mantodea: Mantidae) as a host of Masiphya confusa Aldrich (Diptera: Tachinidae). In Washington County, MS, field parasitization rates of nymphal mantids in old-field sites exceeded 80% in late summer and were associated with a delay in maturation of parasitized nymphs. Laboratory rearings and dissections indicated that early-stage parasites had entered at the lateral mesothorax and were free-moving in the host thorax, with late-stage larvae attached to the inner wall of the fifth abdominal segment. A sclerotized airhole was present at the attachment site and exit holes for the mature larvae were in the area of the second abdominal segment. When attached, the parasite was encased in a sac and a sclerotized respiratory funnel was formed. After parasite emergence, the host typically died within 24 h, although some host individuals survived for up to 29 d and some individuals fed and partially molted after parasite emergence under ambient conditions. Pupation of parasites under ambient conditions occurred in the soil in September and October, with subsequent emergence in the following May.
Sharpshooter X Wave: Correlation of an Electrical Penetration Graph Waveform with Xylem Penetration Supports a Hypothesized Mechanism forXylella fastidiosaInoculation
Authors: Backus Elaine A , Holmes Wendy J , Schreiber Fred , Reardon Brendon J , Walker Gregory P 
Published: August 2009

AbstractElectrical penetration graph (EPG) monitoring is the most rigorous means of observation and quantification of feeding by piercing-sucking arthropods. Previous EPG studies with aphids and leafhoppers have demonstrated that the X wave identifies when the stylets of these phloem fluid-ingesting insects make contact with their preferred plant vascular cell, phloem sieve elements. This article presents the first direct evidence of an X wave identifying ingestion from a xylem tracheary element by a xylem fluid-ingesting type of leafhopper Homalodisca liturata Ball (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae), whose waveforms are nearly identical to those of the glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar). We document consistent association of the sharpshooter X wave with salivary sheath termini in xylem, especially lignified secondary xylem cells, and absence of the X wave in the rare instance of ingestion from a nonxylem cell. The sharpshooter X wave is a complex, multicomponent waveform, composed of X wave-specific variants of waveform subtypes B1w (representing salivation), B1s (representing precibarial valve movement for tasting), types C1 (a new waveform type that may represent egestion) and C2 (a new designation for the waveform type representing ingestion/cibarial pumping). It is proposed that the sharpshooter X wave represents a blended suite of behaviors that function to 1) physically seal stylet tips into the cell via sheath salivation, 2) repeatedly taste then eject (egest) chemical constituents of the cell to determine acceptability, and 3) mechanically test the strength of the stylet seal via trial cibarial pumping (ingestion). It is further hypothesized that the X wave represents vector behaviors that control inoculation of the Pierce's disease bacterium, Xylella fastidiosa. The ingestion-(salivation and egestion) hypothesis is stated for the mechanism of transmission of X. fastidiosa.
Reproductive Characteristics of Imagos ofReticulitermes flavipes(Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)
Authors: Ye Ye , Jones Susan C , Ammar El-Desouky 
Published: August 2009

AbstractTermite alates presumably do not mate in their natal nest or during a swarming event. Rather, after flight, females and males lose their wings, pair, and select a nest site, with mating typically taking place in the incipient nest. In this study of Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), histology and other techniques were used to assess reproductive features of female and male imagos, including unflown alates, flown alates, and the primary pair in incipient and well-established (5-yr-old) colonies. The spermathecae of female flown alates were devoid of spermatozoa, as expected, but the lumen contained a mucus-like substance. Histochemical tests revealed that this substance was intensely stained by periodic acid-Schiff, which is diagnostic for mucopolysaccharides. This is the first study to confirm that termites possess a mucopolysaccharide secretion in the spermathecal lumen. The secretion may serve as a sperm energy source as has been suggested for some other insects. Transmission electron microscopy subsequently revealed the presence of a semiopaque secretory material in the spermathecal lumen and associated ductules of flown and unflown alates as well as queens. Unflown female alates showed the least reproductive development in terms of spermathecal diameter and terminal oocyte size. Unflown male alates similarly possessed less developed reproductive organs than the kings.
Patterns of Genetic Variation Among Populations of the Asian Longhorned Beetle (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in China and Korea
Authors: Carter Maureen E , Smith Michael T , Harrison Richard G 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Central to the study of invasive species is identifying source populations in their native ranges. Source populations of invasive species can provide important information about species life cycles, host use, and species-specific predators and parasites that could be deployed in a biological control program. The Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), is a serious invasive pest of urban forests in North America and Europe. We analyzed mitochondrial DNA haplotype frequencies and microsatellite allele frequencies to characterize phylogeographical patterns in potential source populations of A.. glabripennis. The data suggest that although there is evidence of genetic structure within and among populations in China, a substantial amount of genetic admixture has occurred. This admixture is probably due to recent reforestation efforts in China where beetles from previously isolated populations moved into new areas of abundant, susceptible, and stressed resources, leading to outbreak populations.
Individual Task Load in Tunnel Excavation by the Formosan Subterranean Termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)
Authors: Yang Rou-Ling , Su Nan-Yao , Bardunias Paul 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
To study individual participation in tunneling excavation, each of 27 workers (plus three soldiers) of Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) was identified with a unique marker and released in a two-dimensional arena provisioned with moistened sand, and their time budgets in excavation were recorded by a camcorder. We found that ≈20% of workers were excavating at any given time. Termites did not work in shifts, and only one or two specific individuals tunneled continuously throughout the 4-h observation. The majority spent &lt;1 h in tunnel excavation, and ≈16% of workers never excavated sand. A positive correlation was found between excavation time and worker's antennal segment count which refers to a worker's age. However, a large variation in excavation time also was recorded among workers with same antennal segment number. Thus, worker age might not be the only determining factor for tunnel excavation load in the Formosan subterranean termite.
Outpatient Management of Eating Disorders in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Goebel-Fabbri Ann E. , Uplinger Nadine , Gerken Stephanie , Mangham Deborah , Criego Amy , Parkin Christopher 
Published: August 2009

In Brief
Disturbed eating behaviors are common in adolescent girls and young women; however, these behaviors are significantly more common in those with type 1 diabetes than in the general population. Long-term treatment of patients with eating disorders and type 1 diabetes (ED-DMT1) often occurs in outpatient settings. This article reviews the clinical issues and strategies relevant to the outpatient treatment of ED-DMT1.
Immunohistological Evaluation of the Healing Response at the Flap Interface in Patients With LASIK Ectasia Requiring Penetrating Keratoplasty
Authors: Esquenazi Salomon , Esquenazi Isi , Grunstein Lev , He Juicheng , Bazan Haydee 
Published: August 2009

Purpose:
To evaluate the healing response at the flap interface in corneas with LASIK ectasia that required penetrating keratoplasty (PK).

Methods:
Corneas of five patients who developed corneal ectasia after LASIK (range: 2.5 to 5 years postoperative) were collected after corneal transplant surgery. The corneas were bisected and processed for conventional histologic analysis and immunofluorescence.

Results:
Light microscopy showed a hypocellular fibrotic scar at the wound margin compared with the adjacent corneal stroma in all eyes. All corneas had positive staining for alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA), a myofibroblast marker. In one eye, alpha-SMA cells were located in the fibrotic scar region in the area of the semicircular ring of haze along the margin of the LASIK flap corresponding to an area of epithelial ingrowth. In all other eyes, alpha-SMA positive cells were fewer and mainly located in the superficial stroma under the epithelial wound margin surface. Type III collagen was minimal or absent in the central zone and wound margin of all corneas except for the cornea with epithelial ingrowth present in the hypercellular fibrotic scar region. Chondroitin sulfate was stronger in the periphery of the flap wound coinciding with a higher presence of alpha-SMA–positive cells in that region. Positive staining for matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) in the paracentral wound margin scar was seen.

Conclusions:

A wound-healing process characterized by absence of significant fibrosis and myofibroblasts at the wound edge in the flap interface was noted in all keratectatic eyes. However, changes in the composition of collagen and the presence of MMP-9 at the wound edge several years after LASIK indicates active wound remodeling that may explain the ongoing loss of tissue and tendency of the cornea to bulge. [
J Refract Surg.
2009;25:739–746.]
Treatment of Six Cases of Advanced Ectasia After LASIK With 6-mm Intacs SK
Authors: Rodríguez Luís A. , Villegas Anny E. , Porras Dianela , Benavides María A. , Molina Javier 
Published: August 2009

Purpose:
To describe the outcome after implantation of 6-mm Intacs SK implants (Addition Technology Inc) for treatment of ectasia after LASIK.

Methods:
Retrospective descriptive longitudinal case series. Seven eyes of six patients with advanced keratectasia after LASIK were treated with 6-mm Intacs SK implantation. Parameters evaluated preoperatively and at 9 months were uncorrected (UCVA) and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), average keratometry (AvK), and spherical equivalent refractive error (SEQ).

Results:
Mean preoperative UCVA was 1.56±0.43 logMAR (∼20/800), BSCVA was 0.57±0.24 logMAR (∼20/75), SEQ was −14.67±5.30 diopters (D), and AvK was 53.80±6.30 D. Postoperative examination showed a clinically significant improvement in UCVA, which improved to 0.27±0.14 logMAR (∼20/40). Mean BSCVA improved to 0.24±0.08 logMAR (∼20/32), mean SEQ reduced to −2.93±0.86 D, and AvK reduced to 48.57±5.00 D.

Conclusions:
Within the scope of six cases with 9-month postoperative follow-up, implantation of 6-mm Intacs SK appears to be a safe and effective treatment option for management of advanced cases of keratectasia after LASIK.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2009;25:1116–1119.]
Outcomes After Topography-Based LASIK and LASEK with the WaveLight Oculyzer and Topolyzer Platforms
Authors: Cummings Arthur B. , Mascharka Nadia 
Published: August 2009

Purpose:
To explore the efficacy, safety, and predictability of topography-guided laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) and LASIK treatments using the ALLEGRO Oculyzer (rotating Scheimpflug image-based) as compared to the ALLEGRO Topolyzer (Placido disk-based) platform (WaveLight AG).

Methods:
In this retrospective, non-comparative case series, 72 eyes were treated using Oculyzer data and 71 eyes were treated using Topolyzer data. Seventy-nine men and 64 women ranging in age from 21 to 63 years were included in the study. The 6-month postoperative uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) of patients were compared to the preoperative values. The data analysis was stratified based on the preoperative refractions, separating patients into three categories: myopes, hyperopes, and mixed astigmatics.

Results:
Of the preoperative myopes in the Oculyzer group, 76% remained the same, 5% lost 1 line, 14% gained 1 line, and 5% gained 2 lines of visual acuity at 6 months. In the Topolyzer group, 69% remained the same, 25% gained 1 line, and 6% gained 2 lines of BSCVA. Using the Oculzyer, 95% of myopes, 80% of hyperopes, and 60% of patients with mixed astigmatism were within ±0.50 diopters (D) of target refraction. Using the Topolyzer, 88% of myopes, 78% of hyperopes, and 50% of patients with mixed astigmatism were within ±0.50 D of target. The outcomes of the preoperative hyperopes and patients with mixed astigmatism are similarly reported. The difference in outcomes between the Oculyzer and Topolyzer cohorts in the myopes and patients with mixed astigmatism was not statistically significant. In the hyperopes, patients treated with the Oculyzer had superior UCVA to those treated with the Topolyzer platform.

Conclusions:
This case series demonstrates that the Oculyzer and Topolyzer are both effective tools in topography-guided corneal excimer laser surgery. In myopes and patients with mixed astigmatism, both systems were comparable in efficacy and safety. In the hyperopes, the resultant UCVA in the Oculyzer cohort was slightly superior.
Comparing the handwriting behaviours of true and false writing with computerized handwriting measures
Authors: Luria Gil , Rosenblum Sara 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe goal of this study is to compare the handwriting behaviours of true and false writing. Based on the cognitive load and dis‐automaticity known to be experienced while communicating a deceptive message, we hypothesized a difference (in temporal and spatial, pressure measures and peak velocities) between the handwriting of truevs.false messages. Thirty‐four participants wrote true and false sentences on a digitizer, which is part of a new system called the Computerized Penmanship Evaluation Tool (ComPET). The ComPET evaluates brain‐hand performance, as manifested through handwriting behaviour, and was found to be a valid measure for detecting the dis‐automaticity that is indicative of certain diseases in the clinical field. Differences were found in mean pressure, spatial measures (mean stroke length and mean stroke height), but no differences were found in temporal measures and in the number of peak velocities. The use of ComPET in lie detection is discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Climate Signatures in the Morphological Differentiation of Worldwide Modern Human Populations
Authors: Hubbe Mark , Hanihara Tsunehiko , Harvati Katerina 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe ability of cranial morphology to reflect population/phylogenetic history, and the degree to which it might be influenced by environmental factors and selection pressures have been widely discussed. Recent consensus views cranial morphology as largely indicative of population history in humans, with some anatomical cranial regions/measurements being more informative on population history, while others being under selection pressure. We test earlier findings using the largest and most diverse cranial dataset available as yet: 7,423 male specimens from 135 geographic human population samples represented by 33 standard craniometric linear measurements. We calculated Mahalanobis D2 for three datasets: complete cranial dataset; facial measurement dataset; and neurocranial measurement dataset; these morphological distance matrices were then compared to matrices of geographic distances as well as of several climatic variables. Additionally, we calculated Fst values for our cranial measurements and compared the results to the expected Fst values for neutral genetic loci. Our findings support the hypothesis that cranial, and especially neurocranial morphology, is phylogenetically informative, and that aspects of the face and cranium are subject to selection related to climatic factors. The Fst analysis suggest that selection to climate is largely restricted to groups living in extremely cold environments, including Northeast Asia, North America, and Northern Europe, though each of these regions appears to have arrived at their morphology through distinct adaptive pathways. Anat Rec, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Face of Siamopithecus: New Geometric‐Morphometric Evidence for Its Anthropoid Status
Authors: Zollikofer Christoph P.E. , De León Marcia S. Ponce , Chaimanee Yaowalak , Lebrun Renaud , Tafforeau Paul , Khansubhaand Sasidhorn , Jaeger Jean‐Jacques 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAmphipithecids assume a key position in early primate evolution in Asia. Here we report on new maxillofacial and associated mandibular remains of Siamopithecus eocaenus, an amphipithecid primate from the Late Eocene of Krabi (Thailand) that currently represents the most complete specimen belonging to this group. We used synchrotron microtomography and techniques of virtual reconstruction to recover the three‐dimensional morphology of the specimen. Geometric‐morphometric analysis of the reconstructed specimen within a comparative sample of recent and fossil primates clearly associates Siamopithecus with the anthropoids. Like modern anthropoids, Siamopithecus displays a relatively short face and highly convergent and frontated orbits, the lower rim of which lies well above the alveolar plane. The cooccurrence of spatially correlated anthropoid features and classical anthropoid dental characters in one individual represents a strong argument to support the anthropoid status of Siamopithecus. It is, thus, highly unlikely that amphipithecids are specialized adapiforms exhibiting complete convergence with anthropoids. Anat Rec, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coherence shifts in probabilistic inference tasks
Authors: Glöckner Andreas , Betsch Tilmann , Schindler Nicola 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe fast‐and‐frugal heuristics approach to probabilistic inference assumes that individuals often employ simple heuristics to integrate cue information that commonly function in a non‐reciprocal fashion. Specifically, the subjective validity of a certain cue remains stable during the application of a heuristic and is not changed by the presence or absence of another cue. The parallel constraint satisfaction (PCS) model, in contrast, predicts that information is processed in a reciprocal fashion. Specifically, it assumes that subjective cue validities interactively affect each other and are modified to coherently support the favored choice. Corresponding to the model's simulation, we predicted the direction and the size of such coherence shifts. Cue validities were measured before, after (Experiment 1), and during judgment (Experiments 2 and 3). Coherence shifts were found in environments involving real‐world cue knowledge (weather forecasts) and in a domain for which the application of fast‐and‐frugal heuristics has been demonstrated (city‐size tasks). The results indicate that subjective cue validities are not fixed parameters, but that they are interactively changed to form coherent representations of the task. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental study on protection of vitamin B6 on TCDD‐induced palatal cleft formation in the mice
Authors: Li Cheng‐hao , He Wei , Meng Tian , Shi Bing 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: 2, 3, 7, 8‐Tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin (TCDD) can cause a high percentage of cleft palate in fetuses when administered during organogenesis in certain strains of mice including the C57BL/6J. In this study, vitamin B6 (B6) was tested for antiteratogenic effects on TCDD‐induced cleft palate in fetal mice. METHODS: The pregnant C57BL/6J mice were dosed with 24 µg TCDD/kg and/or 5, 10, 20, and 40 mg B6/kg body weight on gestation day (GD) 10. The control group mice were dosed with 50 ml sesame oil/kg body weight on GD10. The mice were sacrificed on GD12.5, GD13.5, GD14.5, GD15.5, and GD17.5, respectively. The harvested embryos were examined to detect the incidence of cleft palate and the developing palatal shelves in a different phase were investigated morphologically and histologically among different groups. RESULTS: Total frequency of clefts is 55.56% in the TCDD group and 31.81% (5 mg), 44.44% (10 mg), 40.90% (20 mg), and 32.00% (40 mg) in the TCDD+ B6 groups. There were no statistically significant differences among the TCDD and TCDD+ B6 groups (p=0.743>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: It was demonstrated in this study that B6 could not antagonize 2, 3, 7, 8‐TCDD‐indued cleft palate. Birth Defects Res (Part B) 86:357–361, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.