bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of indacaterol 150 and 300 µg in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients from six Asian areas including Japan: A 12‐week, placebo‐controlled study
Authors: KINOSHITA MASAHARU , LEE SANG HAAK , HANG LIANG‐WEN , ICHINOSE MASAKAZU , HOSOE MOTOI , OKINO NAOKO , PRASAD NIYATI , KRAMER BENJAMIN , FUKUCHI YOSHINOSUKE ,   FOR THE INDACATEROL ASIAN COPD STUDY INVESTIGATORS
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTBackground and objective:  The efficacy and safety of indacaterol, a novel inhaled once daily ultra long‐acting β2‐agonist was evaluated in COPD patients in six Asian countries/areas. This study was primarily designed to obtain the regulatory approval of indacaterol in Japan.Methods:  Moderate‐to‐severe COPD patients were randomized to indacaterol 150 µg, indacaterol 300 µg or placebo once daily. Efficacy variables: trough FEV1 (average of 23 h 10 min and 23 h 45 min post‐dose values), health status (St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire) and transition dyspnoea index at week 12. Safety/tolerability was evaluated.Results:  A total of 347 patients were randomized (96.5% male, mean (SD) age 66.7 (8.38) years, post‐bronchodilator FEV1% predicted: 53.7 (12.50)); 88.8% completed. The least squares means (LSM) trough FEV1 at week 12 for indacaterol 150 µg, indacaterol 300 µg and placebo were 1.34 L, 1.37 L and 1.17 L, respectively, with differences versus placebo exceeding the prespecified minimal clinically important difference of 0.12 L (0.17 L and 0.20 L for indacaterol 150 µg and 300 µg, respectively, both P < 0.001). The week 12 LSM transition dyspnoea index score was statistically superior for both indacaterol doses versus placebo (differences of 1.30 and 1.26, P < 0.001; both exceeding the minimal clinically important difference of 1). At week 12, both indacaterol doses provided statistically significant (P ≤ 0.005) and clinically meaningful (≥4 units) improvements in LSM St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire total score versus placebo (differences: −4.8 and −5.7 units). Adverse events for indacaterol (49.1%, both doses) were lower than placebo (59.0%) and were mostly mild/moderate in severity; no deaths were reported.Conclusions:  Indacaterol provided clinically significant bronchodilation and improvements in dyspnoea and health status in Asian COPD patients.
The Supply Side of CO2 with Country Heterogeneity*
Authors: Hoel Michael 
Published: November 2011

AbstractSeveral recent articles have analyzed climate policy, paying explicit attention to the fact that carbon resources are non‐renewable. In most of this body of literature, the economy is treated as a single unit and, in the context of climate policy, it seems reasonable to interpret this as the whole world. However, carbon taxes and other climate policies differ substantially across countries. With such heterogeneity, the effects on the emission paths of changes in taxes, costs, and subsidies might be very different from what is found for a hypothetical world of identical countries.
Soluble Aβ oligomer production and toxicity
Authors: Larson Megan E. , Lesné Sylvain E. 
Published: November 2011

J. Neurochem. (2012) 120 (Suppl. 1), 125–139.AbstractFor nearly 100 years following the first description of this neurological disorder by Dr Alois Alzheimer, amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles have been hypothesized to cause neuronal loss. With evidence that the extent of insoluble, deposited amyloid poorly correlated with cognitive impairment, research efforts focused on soluble forms of Aβ, also referred as Aβ oligomers. Following a decade of studies, soluble oligomeric forms of Aβ are now believed to induce the deleterious cascade(s) involved in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease. In this review, we will discuss our current understanding about endogenous oligomeric Aβ production, their relative toxicity in vivo and in vitro, and explore the potential future directions needed for the field.
γ‐Secretase inhibitors and modulators for Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Wolfe Michael S. 
Published: November 2011

J. Neurochem. (2012) 120 (Suppl. 1), 89–98.Abstractγ‐Secretase is a membrane embedded aspartyl protease complex with presenilin as the catalytic component. Along with β‐secretase, this enzyme produces the amyloid β‐protein of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) from the amyloid β‐protein precursor. Because of its key role in the pathogenesis of AD, γ‐secretase has been a prime target for drug discovery, and many inhibitors of this protease have been developed. The therapeutic potential of these inhibitors is virtually negated by the fact that γ‐secretase is an essential part of the Notch signaling pathway, rendering the compounds unacceptably toxic upon chronic exposure. However, these compounds have served as useful chemical tools for biological investigations. In contrast, γ‐secretase modulators continue to be of keen interest as possible AD therapeutics. These modulators either shift amyloid β‐protein production to shorter, less pathogenic peptides or inhibit the proteolysis of amyloid β‐protein precursor selectively compared to that of Notch. The various chemical types of inhibitors and modulators will be discussed, along with their use as probes for basic biology and their potential as AD therapeutics.
Regulation of β‐site APP‐cleaving enzyme 1 gene expression and its role in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Sun Xiulian , Bromley‐Brits Kelley , Song Weihong 
Published: November 2011

J. Neurochem. (2012) 120 (Suppl. 1), 62–70.AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder leading to dementia. Neuritic plaques are the hallmark neuropathology in AD brains. Proteolytic processing of amyloid‐β precursor protein at the β site by beta‐site amyloid‐β precursor protein‐cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) is essential to generate Aβ, a central component of the neuritic plaques. BACE1 is increased in some sporadic AD brains, and dysregulation of BACE1 gene expression plays an important role in AD pathogenesis. This review will focus on the regulation of BACE1 gene expression at the transcriptional, post‐transcriptional, translation initiation, translational and post‐translational levels, and its role in AD pathogenesis. Further studies on BACE1 gene expression regulation will greatly contribute to our understanding of AD pathogenesis and reveal potential novel approaches for AD prevention and drug development.
Twenty years of Alzheimer’s disease‐causing mutations
Authors: Goate Alison , Hardy John 
Published: November 2011

J. Neurochem. (2012) 120 (Suppl. 1), 3–8.AbstractIn this study, we review our finding of APP mutations in Alzheimer’s disease in 1990–1991 with the benefit of 20 years’ perspective. We discuss the historical context in which we made the finding, its immediate and continuing effects on research activity and our hopes for successful clinical testing of the hypothesis. We also briefly discuss the effects finding APP mutations has had on our own careers and those of our colleagues from 1991.
Febrile urinary tract infections in young children: recommendations for the diagnosis, treatment and follow‐up
Authors: Ammenti Anita , Cataldi Luigi , Chimenz Roberto , Fanos Vassilios , La Manna Angela , Marra Giuseppina , Materassi Marco , Pecile Paolo , Pennesi Marco , Pisanello Lorena , Sica Felice , Toffolo Antonella , Montini Giovanni ,   on behalf of the Italian Society of Pediatric Nephrology
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe report the recommendations for the diagnosis, treatment, imaging evaluation and use of antibiotic prophylaxis in children with the first febrile urinary tract infection, aged 2 months to 3 years. They were prepared by a working group of the Italian Society of Pediatric Nephrology after careful review of the available literature and a consensus decision, when clear evidence was not available.Conclusion:  These recommendations are endorsed by the Italian Society of Pediatric Nephrology. They can also be a tool of comparison with other existing guidelines in issues in which much controversy still exists.
Identifying non-resonant Kepler planetary systems
Authors: Veras Dimitri , Ford Eric B. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The Kepler mission has discovered a plethora of multiple transiting planet candidate exosystems, many of which feature putative pairs of planets near mean motion resonance commensurabilities. Identifying potentially resonant systems could help guide future observations and enhance our understanding of planetary formation scenarios. We develop and apply an algebraic method to determine which Kepler two-planet systems cannot be in a first—fourth order resonance, given the current, publicly available data. This method identifies when any potentially resonant angle of a system must circulate. We identify and list 70 near-resonant systems which cannot actually reside in resonance, assuming a widely used formulation for deriving planetary masses from their observed radii and that these systems do not contain unseen bodies that affect the interactions of the observed planets. This work strengthens the argument that a high fraction of exoplanetary systems may be near resonance but not actually in resonance.
Surgical management of laryngeal collapse associated with brachycephalic airway obstruction syndrome in dogs
Authors: White R. N. 
Published: November 2011

Objective: To describe the use of cricoarytenoid lateralisation combined with thyroarytenoid caudo‐ lateralisation (arytenoid laryngoplasty) for the management of stage II and III laryngeal collapse in dogs.Methods: A retrospective study of a consecutive series of 12 dogs suffering from life‐threatening stage II or III laryngeal collapse associated with brachycephalic airway obstruction syndrome.Results: Pre‐operatively, either stage II collapse (2/12) or stage III collapse (10/12) was confirmed on visual examination. In all cases, a left‐sided arytenoid laryngoplasty was performed. Two dogs were euthanased postoperatively as a result of persistent life‐threatening respiratory compromise. The procedure resulted in subjective enlargement of the rima glottidis and an associated improvement in respiratory function in the remaining 10 dogs. Follow‐up, long‐term outcome (median, 3·5 years) in these dogs indicated that all owners considered that the surgery had resulted in marked improvements in their dog's respiratory function, tolerance to exercise, and quality of life.Clinical Significance: Combined cricoarytenoid and thyroarytenoid caudo‐lateralisation may be a useful procedure for treatment of stage II and III laryngeal collapse in the dog.
Analysis of Factors Affecting Volatile Compound Formation in Roasted Pumpkin Seeds with Selected Ion Flow Tube‐Mass Spectrometry (SIFT‐MS) and Sensory Analysis
Authors: Bowman T. , Barringer S. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract:  Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo and maxima) seeds are uniquely flavored and commonly consumed as a healthy roasted snack. The objective was to determine dominant volatiles in raw and roasted pumpkin seeds, and the effect of seed coat, moisture content, fatty acid ratio, total lipids, reducing sugars, and harvest year on volatile formation. Sensory was conducted to evaluate overall liking of seed variety and texture. Seed processing included extraction from the fruit, dehydration, and roasting (150 °C). Oil extraction was done using soxhlet, fatty acid profile using Gas Chromatography Flame Ionization Detector, and reducing sugars using 3,5‐dinitrosalicylic acid and UV‐spectroscopy. Headspace analysis of seeds was performed by selected ion flow tube‐mass spectrometry (SIFT‐MS). Volatiles dominating in raw pumpkin seeds were lipid aldehydes, ethyl acetate, 2,3‐butandione, and dimethylsulfide. Compounds contributing to roasted aroma include alkylpyrazines and Strecker and lipid aldehydes. Overall, hull‐less seeds had higher volatile lipid aldehydes and Strecker aldehydes. Seeds dehydrated to a moisture content of 6.5% before roasting had higher initial and final volatile concentrations than seeds starting at 50% moisture. Higher oil content resulted in higher lipid aldehyde formation during roasting with a moderate correlation between free fatty acid ratio and corresponding lipid aldehyde. Harvest year (2009 compared with 2010) had a significant impact on volatile formation in hull‐less seeds, but not as much as variety differences. No significant correlation was found between reducing sugars and volatile formation. Sensory showed that hull‐less seeds were liked significantly more than hulled seeds.Practical Application:  Elucidation of aromatic flavor development during roasting with SIFT‐MS provides information on flavor release and offers better control during processing. Knowledge of volatiles in raw and roasted pumpkin seeds and effects of seed coat, moisture content, seed composition, and harvest date will allow for better control over the production/storage/transportation process and a more educated decision during selection of a variety for production of pumpkin seeds in the snack food industry.
As (V) Biosorption in an Aqueous Solution Using Chemically Treated Lemon (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) Residues
Authors: Marín‐Rangel Vania Marilyn , Cortés‐Martínez Raúl , Cuevas Villanueva Ruth Alfaro , Garnica‐Romo Ma. Guadalupe , Martínez‐Flores Héctor Eduardo 
Published: November 2011

Abstract:  The use of biosorbents to remove metals and metalloids from contaminated water systems has gained great usage in various parts of the world. The objective of the current study was to test lemon peels as biosorbents for As (V). Lemon peels were chemically characterized and arsenic contact experiments were performed to determine the adsorption capacity of the peels using different empirical models. The model that fit the experimental data was the Lagergren empirical model with a correlation coefficient of R= 0.8841. The results show that lemon peels were able to retain 474.8 μg of As (V)/g of biosorbent.Practical Application:  Lemon agro‐industrial waste can be useful in the removal of heavy metals, such as arsenic, from aqueous media.
Social acceptability of dental appearance and benefits of fixed orthodontic treatment: A 17‐year observational cohort study
Authors: Arrow Peter , Brennan David S. , Spencer John 
Published: November 2011

AbstractObjectives: This study reports on the social acceptability of dental appearance and benefits of fixed orthodontic treatment (FOT) among a cohort of 13‐year‐old adolescents in 1988/1989 followed through to age 30 years in 2005/2006.Methods: Adolescents were categorized into nominal treatment need groups based on the dental aesthetic index (DAI) score at age 13 (DAI: ≤ 25 “No Need”; 26‐30, “Elective”; 31‐35, “Desirable”; and ≥36, “Mandatory”). At age 30, calibrated examiners again assessed the DAI of traced participants. A reduction in the baseline DAI score of at least five units was considered a benefit. The change in DAI scores was examined by receipt of FOT. The number needed to treat (NNT) was estimated as an indicator of the efficacy of FOT.Results: Of the 421 cohort participants examined at follow‐up, 148 had undergone FOT; 34 percent of those with FOT were classified at age 13 as “No Need” (n = 50); 21 percent as “Elective” (n = 31); 17 percent as “Desirable” (n = 26); and 28 percent as “Mandatory Need” (n = 41). The DAI score reduced significantly for those with and without FOT. The NNT from FOT for those individuals in the “No Need” category was 17 [95 percent confidence interval (CI) − 26‐6]; “Elective” 6 (95 percent CI – 27‐3); “Desirable” 5 (95 percent CI 3‐51) and “Mandatory Need” 14 (95 percent CI − 16‐4).Conclusions: FOT provided a significant benefit only for individuals in the “Desirable” group at age 13. FOT appeared to offer little long‐term benefits in the social acceptability of dental appearance for the majority of individuals who underwent FOT.
Different strategies in anaerobic biodegradation of aromatic compounds: nitrate reducers versus strict anaerobes
Authors: Philipp Bodo , Schink Bernhard 
Published: November 2011

SummaryMononuclear aromatic compounds are degraded anaerobically through pathways that are basically different from those used in the presence of oxygen. Whereas aerobic degradation destabilizes the aromatic π‐electron system by oxidative steps through oxygenase reactions, anaerobic degradation is most often initiated by a reductive attack. The benzoyl‐CoA pathway is the most important metabolic route in this context, and a broad variety of mononuclear aromatics, including phenol, cresols, toluene, xylenes and ethylbenzene, are channelled into this pathway through various modification reactions. Multifunctional phenolic compounds are metabolized via the reductive resorcinol pathway, the oxidative resorcinol pathway with hydroxyhydroquinone as key intermediate, and the phloroglucinol pathway. Comparison of the various pathways used for modification and degradation of aromatics in the absence of oxygen indicates that the strategies of breakdown of these compounds are largely determined by the redox potentials of the electron acceptors used, and by the overall reaction energetics. Consequently, nitrate reducers quite often use strategies for primary attack on aromatic compounds that differ from those used by sulfate‐reducing, iron‐reducing or fermenting bacteria.
An investigation of the accuracy of therapists’ self‐assessment of cognitive‐behaviour therapy skills
Authors: McManus Freda , Rakovshik Sarah , Kennerley Helen , Fennell Melanie , Westbrook David 
Published: November 2011

Background. The impact of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) interventions in routine clinical practice depends on those interventions being delivered competently. Since direct observation or independent assessment of therapists’ skills are typically limited in routine clinical practice, the assessment of competence, and thus of the need for further training and/or supervision to improve competence, rests mainly on the individual therapist's self‐assessment.Aims. To examine the accuracy of therapists’ self‐assessment of their CBT competence in relation to supervisors’ assessments.Method. Self‐ratings on the Cognitive Therapy Scale (CTS; Young & Beck, 1980; 1988) from two groups of trainees on established cognitive therapy training courses (n= 64) were compared to supervisors’ ratings of the same therapy sessions.Results. There were moderate correlations between self‐ and supervisor assessments, and the previously reported over‐estimation of CBT skills (Brosan, Reynolds, & Moore, 2008) was not replicated in the current sample. Instead, these groups showed under‐estimation of their skills compared to supervisors’ ratings, with the less‐competent trainees’ ratings not being significantly different from their supervisors’ and the more competent trainees’ ratings being significantly lower than those of their supervisors.Conclusions. Several possible explanations of the results are discussed and recommendations for ensuring the integrity of CBT delivered in routine clinical practice are made.
Genome Sequence of “Candidatus Frankia datiscae” Dg1, the Uncultured Microsymbiont from Nitrogen-Fixing Root Nodules of the Dicot Datisca glomerata
Authors: Persson Tomas , Benson David R. , Normand Philippe , Vanden Heuvel Brian , Pujic Petar , Chertkov Olga , Teshima Hazuki , Bruce David C. , Detter Chris , Tapia Roxanne , Han Shunsheng , Han James , Woyke Tanja , Pitluck Sam , Pennacchio Len , Nolan Matt , Ivanova Natalia , Pati Amrita , Land Miriam L. , Pawlowski Katharina , Berry Alison M. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

Members of the noncultured clade of
Frankia
enter into root nodule symbioses with actinorhizal species from the orders Cucurbitales and Rosales. We report the genome sequence of a member of this clade originally from Pakistan but obtained from root nodules of the American plant
Datisca glomerata
without isolation in culture.
Satire and the King of Aram
Authors: Robker Jonathan M. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The text of 1 Kings 20 has presented many exegetes with a fertile plain from which to reap a multitude of historical data about the history of Israel. Various concepts have been developed in order to approach the text, almost always gleaning some historical circumstances behind the text or recounted within the text. Every facet that could lead to a historical reconstruction based on this text has been explored in the last century. But what if such a study misses the point of this text? Maybe the composer of this text sought to present different information to the audience beyond purely historical data. With this in mind, we’ll take a renewed look at the narrative of 1 Kings 20. The text of 1 Kings 20 may or may not be interested in providing the reader with historical details; it is definitely interested in satirizing the king of Aram.
Failure of a National Construction of Belonging: Social Integration of Burkinabe Migrants Displaced from Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Riester Andrea 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis case study analyzes how the government of Burkina Faso tried to rhetorically and practically integrate migrants who returned to the country in the wake of the Ivorian civil war in 2002. Their experience of migration and displacement has shaped these migrants’ political subjectivity but not led to the creation of a separate group identity. In Burkina Faso, however, these so-calledrapatriéswere seen as a homogeneous group and either treated as needy victims of persecution, or, following the current international discourse on migration and development, as particularly enterprising individuals. In describing different political subjectivities amongst the displaced in their interaction with local authorities in the town of Batié in combination with efforts of the administration to implement particular development goals, the article also reflects on Geschiere’s argument, that decentralization and the resulting decline in state power fuels autochthony claims. In the Burkinabe case it is not the absence of the state, but rather its entanglement with local actors that heightens ethnic tensions.
On the Importance of Vaisala RS92 Radiosonde Humidity Corrections for a Better Agreement between Measured and Modeled Satellite Radiances
Authors: Kottayil Ajil , Buehler Stefan A. , John Viju O. , Miloshevich Larry M. , Milz M. , Holl G. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
A study has been carried out to assess the importance of radiosonde corrections in improving the agreement between satellite and radiosonde measurements of upper-tropospheric humidity. Infrared [High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS)-12] and microwave [Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU)-18] measurements from the NOAA-17 satellite were used for this purpose. The agreement was assessed by comparing the satellite measurements against simulated measurements using collocated radiosonde profiles of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program undertaken at tropical and midlatitude sites. The Atmospheric Radiative Transfer Simulator (ARTS) was used to simulate the satellite radiances. The comparisons have been done under clear-sky conditions, separately for daytime and nighttime soundings. Only Vaisala RS92 radiosonde sensors were used and an empirical correction (EC) was applied to the radiosonde measurements. The EC includes correction for mean calibration bias and for solar radiation error, and it removes radiosonde bias relative to three instruments of known accuracy. For the nighttime dataset, the EC significantly reduces the bias from 0.63 to −0.10 K in AMSU-18 and from 1.26 to 0.35 K in HIRS-12. The EC has an even greater impact on the daytime dataset with a bias reduction from 2.38 to 0.28 K in AMSU-18 and from 2.51 to 0.59 K in HIRS-12. The present study promises a more accurate approach in future radiosonde-based studies in the upper troposphere.