bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mathematical Population Genetics
Authors: Baake Ellen , Ewens Warren J. , Wakolbinger Anton 
Published: December 2009

One of the aims of population genetics is to explain how the genetic variation within and between biological populations is generated and maintained. Population genetics theory describes the change in the genetic composition of populations under the influence of various evolutionary processes such as genetic drift, mutation, selection, recombination, and migration. Elements of randomness turn out to be essential in the modelling of these processes. Random genetic drift, for example, is a consequence of the fact that, even without fitness differences, some individuals may, by chance, have more offspring than others, so that the offspring of one genotype may displace another.
The basic processes of evolution are known in principle, along with fundamental equations which describe the effects of interactions between genes. Indeed, of the biological sciences, genetics – and population genetics in particular – is the one with the most clearly defined mathematical models, with a strong emphasis on probability. This fact has increasingly attracted probabilists who have given the theory a new impetus through powerful modern methods. Thus there is now an increasingly large community of biologists and mathematicians speaking a common language, learning from each other, and identifying problems that should be attacked. This spirit was manifest in our meeting, with its small group of senior mathematicians and biologists, and its larger fraction of young researchers.
The topics presented during the workshop crystallized into the following thematic groups:
Genetic hitchhiking and selective sweeps (Stephan, Schweinsberg, Etheridge);
Mutation-selection systems (Evans, Stannat);
Speciation and adaptation (Bürger, Champagnat);
Spatially structured systems (Birkner, Swart, Hutzenthaler);
Stochastic processes associated with the coalescent (Krone, Pfaffelhuber);
Poisson–Dirichlet distributions (Spano, Feng);
Sampling formulae and coalescent-based inference (Ewens, Griffiths, Wakeley, Möhle, Hudson);
Recombination, gene-rearrangement and sequence alignment (M. Baake, Beresticky, Metzler)
Stimulated by these lectures, there were many discussions and a rich scientific exchange during the workshop, between generations as well as between disciplines. Last not least, the meeting also profited greatly from the friendly and serene Oberwolfach atmosphere.
Set Theory
Authors: Friedman Sy-David , Magidor Menachem , Woodin W. Hugh 
Published: December 2009

This meeting was organised by Sy-David Friedman (University of Vienna), Menachem Magidor (Hebrew University, Jerusalem) and Hugh Woodin (University of California, Berkeley). Largely due to the generous EU support for the meeting, we were able to invite an unusually large number of young researchers (at most 10 years after the beginning of doctoral studies). We consequently chose an unusual format for the meeting, in which young people were given priority in the scheduling of lectures. This turned out to be a good choice, as the quality of these lectures was extremely high, giving us an excellent opportunity to learn about the new talent that has recently come into our field.
45-minute lectures were delivered by Krueger (Vienna), Dobrinen (Vienna), Camerlo (Torino), Zoble (Toronto), Geschke (Berlin), König (Paris), Viale (Paris), Asperó (Barcelona), Sharon (Irvine) and Lopez-Abad (Paris). These young people presented striking new results concerning combinatorial set theory, descriptive set theory, set-theoretic analysis and forcing axioms. One of the most impressive of these new results was that of Viale, who established a connection between two important set-theoretic principles, by showing that the singular cardinal hypothesis follows from the proper forcing axiom.
Shorter lectures (20 to 30 minutes) were given by the more senior researchers. In total, lectures were held by 29 of the 59 participants. By restricting the number and length of these lectures, we were able to leave substantial time for private discussion. The 15-minute breaks between lectures were especially appreciated, giving the meeting a relaxed feeling.
The traditional Wednesday afternoon walk was a success. The Schwarzwaldkirschtorte in Wolfach was superb, and despite the rain and getting (slightly) lost in the dark, everyone made it safely back to the institute in time for dinner.
Mathematics in the Physical Sciences, 1650-2000
Authors: Guicciardini Niccolo , Hoff Kjeldsen Tinne , Rowe David E. 
Published: December 2009

The workshop was organised by Niccolò Guicciardini (Siena), Tinne Hoff Kjeldsen (Roskilde), and David Rowe (Mainz). During the five days of the conference 25 talks were given and one special evening lecture was organised.
The organizers developed the idea for this meeting in consultation with several other colleagues who attended the conference on early modern mathematics held in Oberwolfach January 5–11, 2003. That meeting brought together historians with considerable expertise on developments outside pure mathematics. Afterwards there was a general consensus among the participants that this format had produced fruitful interactions and some promising new perspectives. The idea behind the present workshop called for a similar, open-ended framework, but covering a broader expanse of time reaching far into the twentieth century. By focusing on the interplay between mathematics and the physical sciences the aim was to gain an insight into developments that had a crucial impact on modern mathematics.
This was achieved by inviting experts on the role of mathematics in the physical sciences who were able to approach this subject from a variety of different perspectives. The speakers addressed major developments relating to the overall theme of the conference which focused on thematic issues structured around three time periods: 1650-1800, 1800-1920, and 1920 up to recent times. Three particular topics emerged as central themes of interest:
The workshop brought together the core community of historians of mathematics, many of whom have attended past meetings in Oberwolfach, along with a number of historians and philosophers of science with strong interests in mathematical issues. The meeting was characterized by open discussions which, together with the talks, shed more light on the interplay between mathematics and the physical sciences and gave new insights into developments that had a crucial impact on the development of modern mathematics.
The organizers and participants thank the “Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach” for making the workshop possible in the usual comfortable and inspiring setting.
Mechanics of Materials
Authors: Kienzler Reinhold , McDowell David L. , Werner Ewald A. 
Published: December 2009

The workshop
Mechanics of Materials
, organised by Reinhold Kienzler (Bremen), David L. McDowell (Atlanta) and Ewald A. Werner (München) was held January 22nd–January 28th, 2006. The workshop attracted some 40 participants with a wide geographic spread. Special attention was devoted to increasing the participation of younger members of the related research community.

Mechanics of Materials is a broad, interdisciplinary subject that focusses on the intersection of Applied Mathematics, Continuum Mechanics, Material Physics and applications. To address important, emerging topics related to these interdisciplinary areas, several themes were pursued in distinct sessions, each with keynote addresses and extended discussions. The following main topics were treated:
Although these fields appear to be quite unconnected, certain physical properties and numerous mathematical approaches were identified as common structures. This includes basic balance and conservation laws as well as variational principles for establishing and solving the evolving partial differential equations. Bridging scales from electrons to macroscopic structures by various consistent methods we were able to arrive at a more complete picture of modelling material behavior and the associated mathematical challenges.
The unique atmosphere at the Institute offered an extraordinary opportunity for intense, amiable exchange of currently emerging, detailed and conceptual ideas. The significant amount of time devoted to fruitful discussion is certainly an element that made this meeting in Oberwolfach distinct from other outstanding technical venues. Many new collaborative relationships were initiated.
The following abstracts very well summarize both the keynote lectures and the additional contributions to the discussion.
It was our great pleasure to celebrate during an informal gathering the 50th anniversary of Horst Lippmann as participant, organizer and long-term intellectual contributor to many Oberwolfach workshops.
Mini-Workshop: On Isaac Newton's Work
Authors: Grattan-Guinness Ivor , Pulte Helmut 
Published: December 2009

“Helpful” is not quite the word that comes to mind when considering Isaac Newton’. (Alan Shapiro)

A widely known legend is encapsulated by Alexander Pope's famous two-liner: ‘Nature, and Nature's laws lay hid in night. God said, let Newton be! and all was Light.’ The built in claim is somewhat oversimplified even for Britain; and it certainly does not capture the complex web of enthusiasm, acceptance, doubt, emulation, objection and opposition that characterises the Continental reactions. The need to consider the actual states of affairs within Newtonianism in general is especially significant, since from the 1740s onwards Britain became breathtakingly mediocre in mathematical research, so that almost everything that mattered was done in Europe.
The purpose of the workshop was to outline and study the details of these complexities. The summaries below show that we divided up the post-Newtonian corpus largely by subject matter and topic. Two presentations dealt with important contemporaries; Leibniz, and the Bernoulli family with Hermann: the book will contain more chapters of this kind. In addition, only one chapter tackled a community as such, namely the French mathematicians from 1780 to 1830: several chapters of the book will be of this type.
While we tried to take Newton's own contributions to be more or less known and clear, Newton's own presentations of his theories, often cryptic in the extreme, forced us back to his texts on many occasions. An important hierarchy of interpretation was exposed: what we today think that Newton was (not) saying, and what we today think that Newton's successors thought that he was (not) saying.
The mini-workshop brought together 15 participants from seven countries, including the two editors of the book. Funds made available by the US Junior Oberwolfach Fellows Funds allowed one of our younger members to take part. Most sessions lasted 75 minutes, including up to 30 minutes of discussion. The measure of further consultation in the evenings and on afternoon walks was considerable. Some subsets of us were already quite well known to each other, but all of us made new contacts and friendships, which will help signally in the preparation of the book over this and the next year.
Representations of Finite Groups
Authors: Kleshchev Alexander S. , Linckelmann Markus , Malle Gunter , Rickard Jeremy 
Published: December 2009

The meeting was organized by A. Kleshchev (Eugene), M. Linckelmann (Aberdeen), G. Malle (Kaiserslautern) and J. Rickard (Bristol). This meeting was attended by over 50 participants with broad geographic representation. It covered a wide variety of aspects of the representation theory of finite groups and related objects like Hecke algebras. This workshop was sponsored by a project of the European Union which allowed us to invite in addition to established researchers also a couple of young people working on a PhD in representation theory. In eleven longer lectures of 40 minutes each and twentytwo shorter contributions of 30 minutes each, recent progress in representation theory was presented and interesting new research directions were proposed. Besides the lectures, there was plenty of time for informal discussion between the participants, either continuing ongoing research cooperation or starting new projects.
The topics of the talks came roughly from two major areas: on the one hand side, the investigation of representation theoretic properties of general finite groups and related objects, on the other hand the determination and detailed analysis of representations of special classes of finite groups and related objects like Hecke algebras. \par One of the main topics touched upon in several talks was the investigation of the various open conjectures on characters and blocks of finite groups, like Alperin's, Brou'e's and Dade's conjecture. A major breakthrough presented at this meeting by G. Navarro was the reduction (jointly with M. Isaacs and G. Malle) of the McKay conjecture on character degrees to a statement purely about simple groups, and the verification of this condition for certain families of finite simple groups. In the same direction, Puig announced some reduction statements for Alperin's weight conjecture.
Interactions between Algebraic Geometry and Noncommutative Algebra
Authors: Happel Dieter , Small Lance W. , Stafford J. Toby , Van den Bergh Michel 
Published: December 2009

This meeting had over 45 participants from 11 countries (Australia, Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Israel, Norway, Russia, UK and the US) and 26 lectures were presented during the five day period. The sponsorship of the European Union allowed the organizers to invite and secure the participation of a number of young investigators. Some of these young mathematicians presented thirty minute lectures. As always, there was a substantial amount of mathematical activity outside the formal lecture sessions.
This meeting explored the applications of ideas and techniques from algebraic geometry to noncommutative algebra . Several lecturers presented open problems to stimulate the interest of researchers in other areas. Areas covered include
The sweep of the meeting can be seen from de Jong's contribution that uses contemporary algebraic geometry to prove a theorem in the classical theory of finite dimensional division algebras to the works of Keller-Reiten and Ingalls on cluster algebras. Additionally, de Jong notes a result obtained during the workshop with van den Bergh. Looking to the future, Goodearl and Zelmanov propose a number challenging problems. Zelmanov discusses both an interesting Lie algebra example and a possible connection to an old problem of Kurosh.
The previous paragraph represents just a sampling of the scope and variety of the mathematics at the meeting. The abstracts following will give the whole story.
Geometric Group Theory, Hyperbolic Dynamics and Symplectic Geometry
Authors: Knieper Gerhard , Polterovich Leonid , Potyagailo Leonid 
Published: December 2009

The workshop
Geometric Group Theory, Hyperbolic Dynamics and Symplectic Geometry
, organized by Gerhard Knieper, Leonid Polterovich and Leonid Potyagailo brought together leading mathematicians working in these rapidly developing fields. The scientific goal of the workshop was twofold: first, to present some recent breakthroughs, and, second, to discuss and digest a surprisingly fruitful interaction of these seemingly remote mathematical disciplines. The topics of talks included rigidity of group actions (A. Katok, D. Witte Morris, M. Kanai), ergodic properties of group actions ( U. Hamenstädt, V. Kaimanovich), dynamics on homogeneous spaces (S. Mozes), hyperbolic groups and hyperbolic manifolds (G. Courtois, F. Dahmani, M. Kapovich, I. Mineyev, N. Peyerimhof), hyperbolic dynamics ( D. Kotschick, G. Paternain, M. Pollicott), geodesic flows (H. Koehler, E. Leschinsky ), asymptotic geometry of finitely generated groups and Lie groups (E. Breuillard, G. Margulis).

Interestingly enough, quasi-morphisms – a group theoretical notion which was originated in the framework of bounded cohomology theory, arose in the lectures of several researchers in quite a different context. Quasi-morphisms were discussed by M. Burger and A. Iozzi from the viewpoint of representation theory and by D. Calegari and K. Fujiwara who studied commutator length on hyperbolic groups and mapping class groups. At the same time M. Entov, G. Ben Simon and P. Py discussed their appearance and applications in the framework of symplectic topology.
The workshop witnessed another interesting trend. It seems that geometric group theory is trying to conquer a new area: bi-invariant geometries on groups of diffeomorphisms were discussed by D. Burago and D. McDuff. Some talks reflected a fruitful application of a powerful tool of modern symplectic topology, Floer homology, to “non-traditional” (from the symplectic viewpoint) areas such as the study of topological entropy of Reeb flows (F. Schlenk) and theory of the mapping class groups (A. Fel'shtyn). Some very recent developments in the foundation of Floer theory were presented by O. Cornea.
An important feature of the workshop was the presence of many excellent students from several countries who had an indispensable opportunity to profit from the intense interaction with the established mathematicians. In fact the students contributed a lot to the success of the workshop by active participation in the discussions. Some of the students gave high quality talks on their results during informal “late night” sessions.
One of the hightlights of the meeting was the open problem session on Wednesday night, skillfully moderated by Anatole Katok, where many participants formulated questions and research programs which, as we believe, will develop our fields.
Affine Algebraic Geometry
Authors: Flenner Hubert , Russell K. Peter , Zaidenberg Mikhail 
Published: December 2009

Affine geometry deals with algebro-geometric questions of affine varieties. In the last decades this area has developed into a systematic discipline with a sizeable international group of researchers, and with methods coming from commutative and non-commutative algebra, algebraic, complex analytic and differential geometry, singularity theory and topology. The meeting was attended by 48 participants, among them the most important senior researchers in this field and many promising young mathematicians.
Especially helpful were the programs for young researchers: the NSF Oberwolfach program, the EU grant and JAMS grant. They allowed to increase the number of young participants considerably.
The conference took place in a very lively atmosphere, made possible by the excellent facilities of the institute. There were 24 talks with a considerable number of lectures given by young researchers at the beginning of their careers. Moreover there were 4 invited lectures that gave an overview over some of the most vivid subfields of Affine Geometry. The program left plenty of time for cooperation and discussion among the participants. We highlight the areas in which new results were presented by the lecturers:
In the first 4 areas there were overview talks given by D. Wright, M. Miyanishi, D. Daigle and Sh. Kaliman. Finally, in a problem session there were presented a number of open questions and problems, which are listed in at the end of this report.
Computational Electromagnetism and Acoustics
Authors: Hiptmair Ralf , Hoppe Ronald H.W. , Joly Patrick , Langer Ulrich 
Published: December 2009

The Oberwolfach Conference on Computational Electromagnetism and Acoustics, held Feb 5–9, 2007, at the Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach, was already the second in series, following the 2004 Oberwolfach Conference on Computational Electromagnetism. This time the scope was slightly broader, because there has been substantial progress in numerical techniques for high-frequency wave propagation. In this regime, the mathematical and numerical challenges in acoustics are very similar to those arising in the simulation of electromagnetic fields. Usually new ideas and methods are first explored for acoustics and then adapted to electromagnetics. Moreover, many researchers are active in both fields. So it is natural to cover them in the context of a single event.
Like the previous meeting, the 2007 conference brought together more than fifty researchers active in the field, hailing from more than 10 countries. Among them were a large number of leading experts, but also quite a few students and postdoctoral fellows. At this point the organizers acknowledge the generous support of the European Union and NSF that covered expenses for young European and overseas participants. The majority of the participants were applied mathematicians, but a sizable number of people with a background in engineering also attended, as appropriate for a field with close ties to engineering and the sciences.
A total of 28 presentations was given at the conference, eight of which were meant to give a survey of particular numerical techniques. They covered the following topics:
As is typical of an event that is focused on an area of applications rather than a specific mathematical technique, talks varied a lot in style and scope, ranging from discussions of specific theoretical issues to general discussion of a computational method. Nevertheless, all of them managed to convey exciting new insights and developments. Thus the conference made it possible to catch a glimpse of the future of computational electromagnetism and acoustics. The following extended abstracts will also enable the reader to keep abreast of many crucial trends in the field.
Mini-Workshop: Multiscale and Variational Methods in Material Science and Quantum Theory of Solids
Authors: Catto Isabelle , Chenchiah Isaac Vikram , Veselić Ivan , Zimmer Johannes 
Published: December 2009

This workshop brought together people working in probability theory, multiscale analysis, calculus of variations and spectral theory. The purpose was to stimulate exchanges between the respective communities, and identify open problems at the boundaries and intersections of these areas.
There are several mathematical links between the theory of random Schrödinger operators, quantum mechanics of interacting atoms, and mathematical materials science. For instance, spectral analysis lies at the heart of the study of random Schrödinger operators; it is used in the quantum mechanics of interacting atoms as a natural and important tool for the analysis of Euler–Lagrange equations and their solutions; it was shown in the workshop that spectral analysis plays an important rôle in the study of photonic crystal fibres, e.g., in the study of band gaps.
Other tools of scale-bridging were discussed including homogenisation and the computation of the thermodynamic limits of various classical and quantum systems.
Several expository morning lectures explained the fundaments of these fields to the varied audience, particularly to those in the other communities. These lectures were intended to last 60– 75 minutes but almost always lasted 90 minutes due to lively discussions, both during and after the talks. They were complemented by specialised talks in the afternoon.
The organisers feel that this attempt to bring these different communities together was largely successful, and may have built new bridges between analysis and probability; the credit for this belonging, for the most part, to the speakers. That mini-workshops on “Levy Processes and Related Topics in Modelling” and “Control of Free Boundaries” were being held in parallel afforded many opportunities for further interactions.
There was roughly the same number of analysts and probabilitists among the participants. France, Germany, the UK and the US were about equally represented; there was one participant from Denmark. Almost all participants were relatively early in their careers.
The excellent living and working conditions provided by the institute contributed to a lively scientific atmosphere. The organisers thank the NSF for funding the participation of the three speakers from the US, Patrick Dondl for collecting the extended abstracts (and the “kleine Trommler” for livening up the excursion!).