bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Although Divergent in Residues of the Peptide Binding Site, Conserved Chimpanzee Patr-AL and Polymorphic Human HLA-A*02 Have Overlapping Peptide-Binding Repertoires
Authors: Gleimer Michael , Wahl Angela R. , Hickman Heather D. , Abi-Rached Laurent , Norman Paul J. , Guethlein Lisbeth A. , Hammond John A. , Draghi Monia , Adams Erin J. , Juo Sean , Jalili Roxana , Gharizadeh Baback , Ronaghi Mostafa , Garcia K. Christopher , Hildebrand William H. , Parham Peter 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Patr-AL is an expressed, non-polymorphic MHC class I gene carried by ∼50% of chimpanzee MHC haplotypes. Comparing Patr-AL+ and Patr-AL− haplotypes showed Patr-AL defines a unique 125-kb genomic block flanked by blocks containing classical Patr-A and pseudogene Patr-H. Orthologous to Patr-AL are polymorphic orangutan Popy-A and the 5′ part of human pseudogene HLA-Y, carried by ∼10% of HLA haplotypes. Thus, the AL gene alternatively evolved in these closely related species to become classical, nonclassical, and nonfunctional. Although differing by 30 aa substitutions in the peptide-binding α1 and α2 domains, Patr-AL and HLA-A*0201 bind overlapping repertoires of peptides; the overlap being comparable with that between the A*0201 and A*0207 subtypes differing by one substitution. Patr-AL thus has the A02 supertypic peptide-binding specificity. Patr-AL and HLA-A*0201 have similar three-dimensional structures, binding peptides in similar conformation. Although comparable in size and shape, the B and F specificity pockets of Patr-AL and HLA-A*0201 differ in both their constituent residues and contacts with peptide anchors. Uniquely shared by Patr-AL, HLA-A*0201, and other members of the A02 supertype are the absence of serine at position 9 in the B pocket and the presence of tyrosine at position 116 in the F pocket. Distinguishing Patr-AL from HLA-A*02 is an unusually electropositive upper face on the α2 helix. Stimulating PBMCs from Patr-AL− chimpanzees with B cells expressing Patr-AL produced potent alloreactive CD8 T cells with specificity for Patr-AL and no cross-reactivity toward other MHC class I molecules, including HLA-A*02. In contrast, PBMCs from Patr-AL+ chimpanzees are tolerant of Patr-AL.
c-Maf–Dependent Growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a CD14hi Subpopulation of Monocyte-Derived Macrophages
Authors: Dhiman Rohan , Bandaru Anuradha , Barnes Peter F. , Saha Sudipto , Tvinnereim Amy , Nayak Ramesh C. , Paidipally Padmaja , Valluri Vijaya Lakshmi , Mohan Rao L. Vijaya , Vankayalapati Ramakrishna 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Macrophages are a major component of the innate immune response, comprising the first line of defense against various intracellular pathogens, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In this report, we studied the factors that regulate growth of M. tuberculosis H37Rv in subpopulations of human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). In healthy donors, M. tuberculosis H37Rv grew 5.6-fold more rapidly in CD14hi MDMs compared with that in CD14loCD16+ MDMs. Compared with CD14loCD16+ cells, M. tuberculosis H37Rv-stimulated CD14hi monocytes produced more IL-10 and had increased mRNA expression for c-Maf, a transcription factor that upregulates IL-10 gene expression. c-Maf small interfering RNA (siRNA) inhibited IL-10 production and growth of M. tuberculosis in CD14hi cells. Compared with CD14loCD16+ monocytes, M. tuberculosis H37Rv-stimulated CD14hi cells had increased expression of 22 genes whose promoters contained a c-Maf binding site, including hyaluronan synthase 1 (HAS1). c-Maf siRNA inhibited HAS1 expression in M. tuberculosis-stimulated CD14hi monocytes, and HAS1 siRNA inhibited growth of M. tuberculosis in CD14hi MDMs. M. tuberculosis H37Rv upregulated expression of HAS1 protein and its product, hyaluronan, in CD14hi MDMs. We conclude that M. tuberculosis grows more rapidly in CD14hi than in CD14loCD16+ MDMs because CD14hi cells have increased expression of c-Maf, which increases production of two key factors (hyaluronan and IL-10) that promote growth of M. tuberculosis.
Programación del riego de la papa en el "Valle del Yabú", Santa Clara, Cuba.
Authors: Pacheco Juan , Pérez A. , Job B. 
Published: January 2011

El objetivo del presente trabajo, ejecutado durante dos cosechas 2009 y 2009-10 fue estudiar la programación del riego de la papa que se realiza en la Unidad Cooperativa No.2 del “Valle del Yabú” de Santa Clara y realizar correcciones para lograr el establecimiento de una programación de riego científicamente fundamentada. En la primera cosecha, se comprobó que el momento de aplicación del riego y el volumen de agua aportado no obedecían a criterios técnicos, sino que dependían de decisiones empíricas de las personas que se relacionaban con esta actividad y la programación del riego se caracterizaba por aplicar muy pequeñas láminas de agua que no lograban humedecer 20 cm de profundidad de suelo, de modo que, el riego obstaculizaba las labores fitosanitarias y culturales y dejaba el suelo con déficit hídrico. En ambas cosechas, se colocaron tensiómetros a 20 y 40 cm de profundidad del suelo, se tomaron muestras de humedad del mismo periódicamente y se efectuó un balance diario del agua en el suelo, con lo cual, se disminuyó el número de irrigaciones durante la segunda cosecha.Palabras claves: Balance hídrico, régimen de riego, pivote central.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/nexo.v23i2.236Nexo: Revista Científica Vol. 23, No. 02, pp.41-46/Nov 2010
Control de la Congestión en el IEEE 802.17
Authors: Gámez E. , Álvarez F. 
Published: January 2011

Este trabajo de investigación experimental aborda una solución al problema presentado en el núcleo de las redes Metropolitanas (MAN) por el algoritmo de equidad en modo Agresivo del protocolo 802.17, que sufre de una lenta convergencia para alcanzar el estado estable, lo que genera periodos de oscilaciones dentro de un dominio de congestión.Palabras Clave: MAN, RPR, Equidad, Congestión.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/nexo.v23i2.237Nexo: Revista Científica Vol. 23, No. 02, pp.47-52/Nov 2010
Gestión del manejo integral de los desechos sólidos en el hospital Alemán Nicaragüense de Managua
Authors: Blandón K. , Castellanos Z. 
Published: January 2011

La gestión de los desechos sólidos hospitalarios (DSH) del Hospital Alemán Nicaragüense (HAN) fue estudiada. El objetivo general propuesto fue un sistema de gestión de los desechos sólidos hospitalarios (comunes y peligrosos sin incluir los radiactivos), generados en el HAN. Se efectuó la cuantificación de los DSH durante el periodo de muestreo, elaboración de un listado de los DSH, se identificaron problemas existentes en el manejo actual de éstos desechos, y se elaboró una propuesta de plan de manejo seguro de los mismos, la que contempla: Plan integral de manejo de DSH que incluye todos los desechos (comunes y peligrosos, sin incluir los radiactivos), una propuesta de equipo adecuado para recolección y transporte interno y externo de DSH; propuesta de construcción de depósito para almacenamiento temporal interno de los DSH; y una propuesta de sistema de tratamiento y disposición final alternativo para los DSH/P generados en el HAN.Palabras Clave: desechos sólidos hospitalarios; gestión; manejoDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/nexo.v23i2.238Nexo: Revista Científica Vol. 23, No. 02, pp.53-61/Nov 2010
Sobre la inversión de los potenciales de Bessel-Riesz
Authors: Cerutti R. 
Published: January 2011

En este trabajo se obtiene la inversión de un operador del tipo convolución usando técnicas de integrales hipersingulares. El operador de Bessel-Riesz de una función φ perteneciente a, Sel espacio de funciones de prueba de Schwartz, es definido por la convolución con las funciones generalizadas Wα(P±i0,m,n) expresables en términos de la función de Bessel de primera especie Jγ Wα(P±i0,m,n) es también una combinación lineal infinita del núcleo ultrahiperbólico de Riesz de diferentes ordenes. Este hecho nos permite invertir los potenciales de Bessel-Riesz de un modo análogo a lo hecho en el caso de los potenciales ultrahiperbólicos de Bessel (cf. [01]) y los potenciales causales de Riesz (cf. [2]).Palabras Claves: Potenciales de Riesz; Integrales Hipersingulares.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/nexo.v23i2.239Nexo: Revista Científica Vol. 23, No. 02, pp.62-68/Nov 2010
Relaciones de recurrencia e identidades entre (ver formula en pdf) y sus derivadas
Authors: Aguirre M. 
Published: January 2011

En este trabajo, se le da un sentido a la fórmula (ver formula en pdf) donde, (ver formula en pdf) Nuestra fórmula es una generalización de formulas que aparecen en ([3]) y ([4]). En particular cuando m=1 y l=1 la formula es considerada por ejemplo, por Bollini, Giambiagi y Tiommo para la teoría de regularización analítica en las ecuaciones clásicas de Yan-Mills y sus aplicaciones para el potencial singulars (c.f. [5]).Palabras claves: Teoría de distribucionesDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/nexo.v23i2.240Nexo: Revista Científica Vol. 23, No. 02, pp.69-74/Nov 2010
Synaptic Plasticity in the Hippocampal Slice Preparation
Authors: Bortolotto Zuner A. , Amici Mascia , Anderson William W. , Isaac John T.R. , Collingridge Graham L. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractSynaptic plasticity is the process by which the brain alters the strength of its synaptic connections, a fundamental function of the brain that enables individuals to learn from experience. The study of synaptic plasticity often involves the application of standard in vitro electrophysiological techniques to hippocampal slice preparations. This unit discusses many of the special considerations that are applicable for the optimal study of synaptic plasticity in this system. Most of these principles also apply to the study of synaptic plasticity in other brain slice preparations. Curr. Protoc. Neurosci. 54:6.13.1‐6.13.26. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Open‐Space Forced Swim Model of Depression for Mice
Authors: Stone Eric A. , Lin Yan 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis protocol describes a simplified method for inducing a chronic depression‐like state in mice that is based on the repeated open‐space forced swim method originally developed for rats. The method consists of mice swimming daily in lukewarm water in rat tub cages, for 15 min/day for 4 days, and thereafter once per week. This procedure produces a progressive decrease in distance swum and a concomitant increase in immobility (floating) in ∼70% of the mice, both of which persist unaltered for weeks. The model has predictive, face, and construct validity and has a number of advantages over previous methods in that it utilizes very mild stress, is short in duration, and is easily standardized. Moreover, since it utilizes a greater swimming area than the traditional (Porsolt) method it can be used to study interactions of depressive behavior with behavioral flexibility and perseveration. Curr. Protoc. Neurosci. 54:9.36.1‐9.36.8. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Assessment of Beta Cell Viability
Authors: Jayaraman Sundararajan 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis unit contains detailed protocols for the simultaneous identification of the human pancreatic β cells and determination of their viability by flow cytometry. The enumeration of β cells is based on the ability of the cell‐permeable form of the zinc‐selective dye, FluoZin‐3‐AM, to bind intracellular labile zinc stored at higher levels in these cells than any other types of cells in the body. Although staining of intracellular labile zinc by FluoZin‐3‐AM is dependent on the metabolic activity of β cells, co‐staining with a mitochondrial transmembrane potential indicator allows the accurate determination of viability. Simultaneous measurement of intracellular antioxidant thiols is also compatible with the detection of β cells containing metabolically active mitochondria. The method for assessing the mitochondrial functionality by flow cytometry described herein is simple to perform and sufficient to detect the viability of β cells in human islet preparations.Curr. Protoc. Cytom. 55:6.27.1‐6.27.16. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
2,6‐Diisopropoxyphenyl(dicyclohexyl)phosphine: A New Ligand for Palladium‐Catalyzed Amination Reactions of Aryl Chlorides with Potassium Hydroxide as the Base
Authors: Lü Bo , Li Pengbin , Fu Chunling , Xue Liqin , Lin Zhenyang , Ma Shengming 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA new, readily available monophosphine tetrafluoroborate salt [L2⋅HBF4] was developed for the palladium‐catalyzed amination reaction of aryl chlorides in moderate to high yields with the cheap and easily available potassium hydroxide as the base. The reaction enjoys a wide scope, lower reaction temperatures, shorter reaction times, high yields, and low catalyst loading when compared to some of same amination reactions reported in the literature. Based on a kinetic study, 31P NMR measurements, and DFT calculations, a mechanism involving a 1:1 Pd/L species is proposed.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Triazolothiadiazepine 1,1‐Dioxide Derivatives via Copper‐Catalyzed Tandem [3+2] Cycloaddition/N‐Arylation
Authors: Barange Deepak Kumar , Tu Yu‐Chen , Kavala Veerababurao , Kuo Chun‐Wei , Yao Ching‐Fa 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA practical and efficient synthesis of triazolothiadiazepine‐1,1‐dioxide derivatives via copper‐catalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition, followed by N‐arylation is described. The method is also applicable to the synthesis of indoline‐ and thiophene‐fused triazolothiadiazepine 1,1‐dioxide derivatives.
Weight support distribution during quadrupedal walking in Ateles and Cebus
Authors: Larson Susan G. , Demes Brigitte 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWhile it is well known that primate quadrupeds are distinctive in supporting more body weight on their hind limbs than their forelimbs, it has been unclear how this support asymmetry comes about. The simple explanation of a difference in body center of mass (COM) position is not supported by empirical data, leaving two less intuitive proposals. The first involves the position of the hands and feet relative to the COM, and has recently received support by Raichlen et al. (Am J Phys Anthropol 138 (2009) 395‐402) who document that chimpanzees walk with a relatively protracted hind limb, bringing their feet closer to the COM for greater hind limb weight support. The second posits the use of hip retractor muscles to actively shift weight off the forelimbs and onto the hind limbs, and has received recent support by Larson and Stern (Am J Phys Anthropol 138 (2009) 343‐355), who report higher levels of hip extensor activity in primates that bear more weight on their hind limbs. Since the study by Raichlen et al. (Am J Phys Anthropol 138 (2009) 395‐402) is based on a limited empirical dataset, we have undertaken a replicate study to document average limb posture and weight support distribution in two additional primate species: Ateles and Cebus. Using the equations presented by Raichlen etal. (Am J Phys Anthropol 138 (2009) 395‐402), predicted forelimb weight support based on limb posture was compared to observed values based on vertical impulses. In contrast to their findings, the limb posture model dramatically overestimated actual forelimb weight support in the monkeys, calling into question the general applicability of this model. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preparation and properties of chitosan‐graft‐poly(methyl methacrylate) nanoparticles using potassium diperiodatocuprate (III) as an initiator
Authors: Liu Zhanjun , Zhao Guodong , Yu Jiugao , Zhang Jinqiu , Ma Xiaofei , Han Gang 
Published: January 2011

AbstractGraft copolymer nanoparticles prepared from chitosan (CS) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer were synthesized in aqueous solution by using potassium diperiodatocuprate [Cu(III)] as an initiator and characterized in terms of particle size, zeta potential, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal stability, and X‐ray diffraction spectrometry. The results indicated that CS was covalently linked to poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), and the resulting copolymers formed nanoparticles. These nanoparticles [prepared at 35°C, in a weight ratio of MMA/CS of 5 : 1 and with a Cu(III) concentration of 1.5 × 10−3 mol/L] were 54–350 nm in size, with a mean hydrodynamic diameter of 183 ± 3 nm and were highly uniform in particle‐size distribution, with a rather spherical shape and an obvious positive charge surface. The effect of reaction conditions such as Cu(III) concentration, reaction temperature, and the weight ratio of MMA/CS on the mean particle size was also investigated. Insulin‐loaded nanoparticles were prepared, and their maximal association efficiency was up to 85.41%. The experiment of release in vitro showed that the nanoparticles gave an initial burst release followed by a slowly sustained one. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
The Action Sites of Propofol in the Normal Human Brain Revealed by Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Zhang Hui , Wang Wei , Zhao Zhijing , Ge Yali , Zhang Jinsong , Yu Daihua , Chai Wei , Wu Shengxi , Xu Lixian 
Published: January 2011

AbstractActivated clusters (red dots) in temporal lobe of normal human brain during propofolinduced anesthesia revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging. See Zhang et al., on page 1985, in this issue.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed 1,4‐Addition of Lithium 2‐Furyltriolborates to Unsaturated Ketones and Esters for Enantioselective Synthesis of γ‐Oxo‐Carboxylic Acids By Oxidation of the Furyl Ring with Ozone
Authors: Yu Xiao‐Qiang , Shirai Tomohiko , Yamamoto Yasunori , Miyaura Norio 
Published: January 2011

AbstractRhodium‐catalyzed 1,4‐addition of lithium 5‐methyl‐2‐furyltriolborate ([ArB(OCH2)3CCH3]Li, Ar=5‐methyl‐2‐furyl) to unsaturated ketones to give β‐furyl ketones was followed by ozonolysis of the furyl ring for enantioselective synthesis of γ‐oxo‐carboxylic acids. [Rh(nbd)2]BF4 (nbd=2,5‐norbornadiene) chelated with 2,2′‐bis(diphenylphosphino)‐1,1′‐binaphthyl (binap) or 2,3‐bis(diphenylphosphino)butane (chiraphos) gave high yields and high selectivities in a range of 91–99 % ee at 30 °C in a basic dioxane/water solution. The corresponding reaction of unsaturated esters, such as methyl crotonate, had strong resistance under analogous conditions, but the 1,4‐adduct was obtained in 70 % yield and with 94 % ee when more electron‐deficient phenyl crotonate was used as the substrate.
Human teratogens: Update 2010
Authors: Holmes Lewis B. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA wide variety of human teratogens have been identified. The characteristics of human teratogens can be used in the assessment of apparent “new” teratogens, when postulated. Information is available through online databases, such as TERIS and Reprotox, telephone‐based counseling resources (e.g., Organization of Teratogen Information Systems [OTIS] and European Network Teratology Information Services [ENTIS]), reference books, annual meetings of the Teratology Society, and published articles. There are significant deficiencies in the information available: (1) lack of knowledge about the molecular and cellular basis for most teratogenic effects; (2) the inability to genetically identify more susceptible women before pregnancy; (3) little information is available on dermal and airborne exposures during pregnancy; and (4) most clinicians receive little, if any, training in the identification of or counseling for exposure to potential teratogens. There are many current dilemmas in counseling about exposures in pregnancy, including: (1) Is exposure to specific drugs, such as selected serotonin re‐uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and the inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor‐alpha, teratogenic in the first trimester of pregnancy? (2) Are the increased risks of birth defects associated with assisted reproductive technology due, in part, to epigenetic effects? (3) What are the “safe” levels of exposure to the plasticizers phthalates during pregnancy? (4) How do we convince busy physicians, nurses, and pharmacists not to use the drug categories A, B, C, D, and X in counseling and to use more accurate sources? There is a need for a national advisory center for pregnancy registries to provide guidance when new registries are being developed. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Liquid crystal phases of DNA: Evaluation of DNA organization by two‐photon fluorescence microscopy and polarization analysis
Authors: Olesiak‐Banska Joanna , Mojzisova Halina , Chauvat Dominique , Zielinski Marcin , Matczyszyn Katarzyna , Tauc Patrick , Zyss Joseph 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe report on the investigation of the structure of DNA liquid crystal (LC) phases by means of polarization sensitive two‐photon microscopy (PSTPM). DNA was stained with fluorescent dyes, an intercalator propidium iodide, or a groove binder Hoechst 3342, and the angular dependence of the intensity of two‐photon excited fluorescence emitted by the dye was collected. The local orientation of DNA molecules in cholesteric and columnar LC phases was established on the basis of the relative angle between the transition dipole of the dye and the long axis of DNA helix. Three‐dimensional images of the cholesteric phase were obtained making use of the intrinsic 3D resolving ability of two‐photon microscopy. We also discuss the influence of dyes on the parameters of DNA LC phases and comment on advantages and limitations of the PSTPM technique in comparison with other LC characterization techniques. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 95: 365–375, 2011
Use of antibiotics in uncomplicated diverticulitis
Authors: de Korte N , Ünlü Ç , Boermeester M A , Cuesta M A , Vrouenreats B C , Stockmann H B A C 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe value of antibiotics in the treatment of acute uncomplicated left-sided diverticulitis is not well established. The aim of this review was to assess whether or not antibiotics contribute to the (uneventful) recovery from acute uncomplicated left-sided diverticulitis, and which types of antibiotic and route of administration are most effective.MethodsMedline, the Cochrane Library and Embase databases were searched. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), prospective or retrospective cohort studies addressing conservative treatment of mild uncomplicated left-sided diverticulitis and use of antibiotics were included.ResultsNo randomized or prospective studies were found on the topic of effect on outcome. One retrospective cohort study was retrieved that compared a group treated with antibiotics with observation alone. This study showed no difference in success rate between groups. Only one RCT of moderate quality compared intravenous and oral administration of antibiotics, and found no differences. One other RCT of very poor quality compared two different kinds of intravenous antibiotic and also found no difference. A small retrospective cohort study comparing antibiotics with and without anaerobe coverage showed no difference in group outcomes.ConclusionEvidence on the use of antibiotics in mild or uncomplicated diverticulitis is sparse and of low quality. There is no evidence mandating the routine use of antibiotics in uncomplicated diverticulitis, although several guidelines recommend this.