bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing New Strategies for the Treatment of Tuberculosis Employing Ruthnium(II)Quaterpyridyl Compexes
Authors: Pokhrel Megh Raj , Gamage Pubudu , Kalita Mausam , Shi Aibin , Bossmann Stefan H. 
Published: December 2009

A series of ruthenium(II)quaterpyridyl complexes has been synthesized as prototypes for mycobacterial channel blockers. These Ru(II)complexes show distinct changes in their luminescence spectra when bound to the porin MspA from M. smegmatis, which is a non-pathogenic relative of M. tuberculosis. By using HPLC, we have determined binding constants of the Ru(II)-complexes to MspA in phosphate buffer (0.05M, pH = 6.8) ranging from 5.2 x 109 M-1 (Ru-C2) to 1.8 x 109 M-1 (Ru-C4). Our findings indicate that channel blocking is a promising treatment strategy for mycobacterial infections. It appears to be also a viable approach towards luminescent nanostructures, because MspA features extraordinary stability.Keywords: Ru(II)complexe, porin MspA, mycobacterial infection, tuberculosisDOI: 10.3126/jncs.v23i0.2091Journal of Nepal Chemical Society, Vol. 23, 2008/2009 Page:2-10.
Effects of Concentration, Temperature and Solvent Composition on the Partial Molar Volumes of Sodium Polystyrenesulphonate in Methanol -Water Solvent Media
Authors: Bhattarai Ajaya , Das Bijan 
Published: December 2009

Precise measurements on the density of sodium polystyrenesulphonate solutions in methanol-water mixed solvent media containing 8, 16, and 25 weight per cent of methanol at 308.15, 318.15, and 323.15 K are reported. The degree of substitution of sodium polystyrenesulphonate used is 1, and the concentrations are varied from 1×10-2 to 3.8 ×10-2 monomol.l-2. The results showed a slight increase on (V0) were determined. the partial molar volumes with increasing polyelectrolyte concentration. The partial molar volumes of the polyelectrolyte at infinite dilution, (effects of the temperature and solvent composition on the partial molar volumes are also investigated.Keywords: Sodium polystyrenesulphonate, polyion, partial molar volume.DOI: 10.3126/jncs.v23i0.2100Journal of Nepal Chemical Society, Vol. 23, 2008/2009 Page: 82-88
Phytochemical Constituents of the Bark of Vitex negundo L.
Authors: Dhakal Ram Chandra , Rajbhandari Meena , Kalauni Surya K. , Awale Suresh , Gewali Mohan. B. 
Published: December 2009

p-Hydroxybenzoic acid (1) and β-sitosterol (2) were isolated, and identified from the methanol and hexane extracts of Vitex negundo. The structure of the compounds were established on the basis of spectral analysis.Keywords: p-hydroxybenzoic acid, β-sitosterol, vitex negundo.DOI: 10.3126/jncs.v23i0.2101Journal of Nepal Chemical Society, Vol. 23, 2008/2009Page: 89-92
The Corrosion Behavior of Sputter-deposited W-Cr-(4-15)Ni Alloys in NaOH Solutions
Authors: Kharel Pom Lal , Bhattarai Jagadish 
Published: December 2009

The synergistic effect of chromium addition in the sputter-deposited amorphous or nanocrystalline W-Cr-(4-15)Ni alloys is studied in alkaline NaOH solutions at 25°C, open to air using immersion tests and electrochemical measurements. In 1 M NaOH solution, the addition of chromium to W-Cr-(4-15)Ni alloys containing 42-75 at % chromium increased the corrosion resistance and shifted the open circuit potential more noble so as to show higher corrosion resistance than those of alloy-constituting elements (that is, tungsten, chromium and nickel). The corrosion rates (that is, about 2-5 x 10-3 mm.y-1) of all the examined W-Cr-(4-15)Ni alloys are about two orders of magnitude lower than that of tungsten and nearly one order of magnitude lower than that of chromium metal. The open circuit potential of the W-Cr-(4-15)Ni alloys is generally increased with increasing chromium content in different concentrations of NaOH solutions. The passivity of the WCr-(4-15)Ni alloys is increased with decreasing the concentration of NaOH solutions at 25°C. Keywords: Corrosion resistance; Sputter deposition; W-Cr-Ni alloy; NaOH solution; Open Circuit potential. DOI: 10.3126/jncs.v24i0.2380Journal of Nepal Chemical Society, Vol. 24, 2009 Page: 3-11
Study of the Growth Control of Nonionic Surfactant Reverse Micelles by Water and Glycerol Using Small-angle X-ray Scattering
Authors: Shrestha Lok Kumar 
Published: December 2009

This paper described a facile route to the growth control of nonionic surfactant reverse micelles in diglycerol monolaurate (C12G2)/cyclohexane systems at 25°C. Structural characterization of reverse micelles was carried out using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) technique. It has found that C12G2 spontaneously formed elongated prolate type reverse micelles in cyclohexane at 25°C and the micellar size grows with CC12G2 concentration. The reverse micelles could solubilize some amount of water in the micellar core thus enhanced their potential application in the encapsulation of water-soluble drugs. Phase separation occurred with further addition of water. The micelles grow with the amount of water content in the system, as water tends to go to the micellar core swelling the micelles. However, the size decreased with increasing temperature at fixed water content. Increasing mixing fraction of glycerol in water decreased the micellar size. This would be understood as glycerol dehydrates surfactant's headgroup and increased the packing parameter. Keywords: Diglycerol monolaurat;, Cyclohexane; glycerol;, Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), Reverse micelles.DOI: 10.3126/jncs.v24i0.2381Journal of Nepal Chemical Society, Vol. 24, 2009 Page: 12-18
Microwave-Assisted Solvent Free Synthesis of Spiro-Indole Derivative
Authors: Mishra A D 
Published: December 2009

A solid supported synthetic procedure has been developed for the synthesis of novel spiro indole derivatives using solid support as energy transfer medium under microwave irradiation (MWI). The results were compared with those obtained by the classical as well as solution phase method in MWI. This solvent-free technique coupled with the high yields and short reaction time makes this procedure eco-friendly for synthesis. Keywords: Spiro indoles; Microwave irradiation; 1HNMR; IRDOI: 10.3126/jncs.v24i0.2391 Journal of Nepal Chemical Society Vol. 24, 2009 Page: 49-52
The spinal headache in pregnant women
Authors: Kuczkowski Krzysztof M 
Published: December 2009

Pregnant women are at particular risk of dural puncture (and the subsequent headache) because of sex, young age, and the widespread application of regional anesthesia. The incidence of epidural needle-induced post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) also known as spinal headache in pregnant women following dural puncture with a large bore needle has been reported to range 76-85%. Although a few measures have been proposed to prevent PDPH Intrathecal injection of saline, insertion of the epidural catheter into the subarachnoid space through the dural hole, none have been shown to work with certainty to date. This article reviews the latest developments aimed at prevention and treatment of this debilitating condition. Key Words: Labor analgesia; epidural, combined spinal epidural; complications, dural puncture, postdural puncture headache (PDPH); prevention. doi:10.3126/njog.v1i2.1486 N. J. Obstet. Gynaecol Vol. 1, No. 2, p. 4 - 9 Nov-Dem 2006
Prostaglandin Induced labor a risk factor for cervical tear
Authors: Devkota Ashok , Adhikari Silu , Neupane Bhanu 
Published: December 2009

Objective: To determine risk factors associated with cervical tear. Method: Design: Retrospective analysis of obstetric variables in 116 women who had sustained cervical tear. Setting: Obstetric Department of Tribhuwan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. Subjects: This study identified 9662 vaginal deliveries over 42 months period from April 2003 to September 2006 from obstetric records. One hundred and sixteen cases who sustained cervical tear were selected and different variables were analyzed. Results: Overall rate of cervical tear was 1.20% (n=116) of which 64.7% (n=75) occurred in primi and 35.3% (n=41) in multipara. It was associated with induced labor in 21.2 % [with dinoprostone gel (cerviprime) 16.4% (n= 17) and misoprostal in 4.8% (n=5) respectively]. Augmentation with oxytocinon (syntocinon) had been done in 51.9% (n=54 cases). Mean age of parturient was 24.3 years and average birth weight of baby was 3.21kg. Cervical injury occurred more in post-dated delivery [35% (n=42)], compared to pre term delivery [6.9% (n=8)]. Average duration of second stage was 35.2 minutes. Episiotomy was given in 73 / 116 (66%) and not many of the cervical tear was associated with instrumental delivery: [forceps 0.96% (n=1) and ventouse 3.85% (n=4)]. There were 10 cases of postpartum haemorrhage. Conclusion. From the view point of limited number of published studies on cervical tear pertaining to vaginal delivery where locally used prostaglandins have not been identified as a major risk factor in contrary to our study findings where every sixth case have been implicated, a cautious prelabour induction with forward anticipation of traumatic PPH as recognized here is worthwhile. Key words: Cervical tear, dinoprostone gel (cerviprime) and misoprostal, induction of labour doi:10.3126/njog.v1i2.1488 N. J. Obstet. Gynaecol Vol. 1, No. 2, p. 14 - 18 Nov-Dec 2006
Fetal outcome of pre-labor rupture of membranes
Authors: Shrestha Sita Ram , Sharma Paban 
Published: December 2009

Objective: To study the determinants and outcome of prelabour rupture of membrane at term pregnancy in Patan Hospital. Method: A prospective, hospital based case control study done in maternity ward of Patan Hospital over the period of three months (Poush 2059-Phalgun 2059). A total no of 100 pregnant women with prelabor rupture of membrane and 100 pregnant women without prelabor rupture of membrane were included in this study. Results: The incidence of pre labor rupture of membrane in this study was 6.06%. Major risk factors for prelabor rupture of membranes were antecedent coitus, hydramnious, smoking, cephalo-pelvic disproportion, and previous abortion. Normal delivery occurred in 70% in prelabor rupture of membrane group and in 93 % in non-prelabor rupture of membrane group. Forty-nine pregnant women with pre-labour rupture of membrane received antibiotics and twenty-four babies (48.98%) developed neonatal infection in pre-labour rupture of membrane group and only one developed infection in non-prelabour rupture. Four cases of neonatal infection was seen in neonates born from mothers with prelabor rupture of membranes < 24 hours and 20 cases of neonatal infection were seen in those neonates born from mother with pre-labor rupture of membrane >24 hours (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Neonatal morbidity increases with the increase of time interval between the rupture of membrane and delivery and antibiotics given to mother of PROM does not totally protect neonates from infection. Keywords: Pre labor rupture of membrane, major risk factors for pre-labor rupture of membranes, neonatal infection doi:10.3126/njog.v1i2.1489 N. J. Obstet. Gynaecol Vol. 1, No. 2, p. 19 -24 Nov-Dec 2006
Active management of third stage of labor
Authors: Thapa Meena , Saha Rachana , Pradhan Sumita , Thakur Sushil , Rana Archan Shamsher 
Published: December 2009

Objective: Overall objective of the study was to see effects of active management of third stage of labour (AMSTL) with oxytocin. Specific objective of the study was to look for incidence of Post-Partum Haemorrhage (PPH), length of 3rd stage, incidence of retained placenta and average blood loss. Methodology: A hospital based prospective, descriptive, observational study was carried out from 1st July 2005 to 30th June 2006 at department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital (KMCTH). All patients undergoing vaginal delivery excluding twins, polyhydraminios and instrumental deliveries were included in the study. The active management of 3rd stage included administration of 10 units IU of oxytocin, early cord clamping, controlled cord traction and uterine massage. Blood loss was estimated by visual inspection and measured by jar pressed against perineum. Result: Total number of deliveries during the study period was 530. There were 13 cases of PPH. Incidence of PPH was 2.4%. There were six cases each of uterine atony and genital tract trauma. One case was of retained placenta requiring Manual Removal (MRP). Average third stage duration was less than 5 minutes. Average blood loss was 90 ml. In 2 cases the third stage lasted more than 30 mins. Conclusion: Active management of 3rd stage of labour reduces the incidence of PPH from uterine atony, reduces the duration as well as average blood loss during third stage.condition. Key words: Labor analgesia; epidural, combined spinal epidural; complications, dural puncture, postdural puncture headache (PDPH); prevention. doi:10.3126/njog.v1i2.1490 N. J. Obstet. Gynaecol Vol. 1, No. 2, p. 25 - 27 Nov-Dec 2006
Consequences of unintended pregnancy among young married women in Nepal
Authors: Puri Mahesh 
Published: December 2009

Aim: To explore the consequence of unintended pregnancy, and compare these with real experiences amongst young married women in Nepal. Method: Sample survey of 997 married women and 19 in-depth case histories were studied. Results: The findings suggest that conflicts with spouses and family members, depression, worries or mental tension, loss of education and employment opportunities were the major anticipated socio-psychological consequences of unintended pregnancies. Reduced prenatal and postnatal care, unsafe abortions, postabortion complications, and maternal deaths were the major expected health outcomes of an unintended pregnancy. In general, the perceived opinions on socio-psychological consequences corroborated with real experiences. However, there are some differences between the perceived opinions and real experiences. Conclusions: Programmes that focus to identify couples at risk of unintended pregnancies, to address worries and mental tension, and enable them to make timely decisions and responsible choices are required. Keywords: abortions, health consequences, maternal deaths, socio-psychological consequences, unintended pregnancy doi:10.3126/njog.v1i2.2396 N. J. Obstet. Gynaecol Vol. 1, No. 2, p. 37-46 Nov-Dec 2006
Single umbilical artery: A case report
Authors: Pradhan Neelam , Pradhan Raju 
Published: December 2009

A 38 years woman pregnant for the second time was diagnosed as having a fetus with a single umbilical artery while undergoing routine ultrasound at 5 months of pregnancy. Reports of single umbilical artery associated with chromosomal abnormality are about 30%. Luckily no abnormality was found at birth and thereafter in this baby. Key words: single umbilical artery, USG diagnosis and chromosomal abnormality doi:10.3126/njog.v1i2.2400 N. J. Obstet. Gynaecol Vol. 1, No. 2, p. 59-60 Nov-Dec 2006
LASIK for Myopia Using the Zeiss VisuMax Femtosecond Laser and MEL 80 Excimer Laser
Authors: Blum Marcus , Kunert Kathleen , Gille Annika , Sekundo Walter 
Published: December 2009

Purpose:
To assess the efficacy, safety, and predictability of the VisuMax femtosecond laser (Carl Zeiss Meditec).

Methods:
In a prospective, multicenter clinical trial, 32 eyes of 17 patients underwent LASIK and flap creation with the VisuMax femtosecond laser and ablation with the MEL 80 excimer laser (Carl Zeiss Meditec). Mean patient age was 35 years (range: 23 to 52 years). Mean preoperative spherical equivalent refraction was −4.04±1.39 diopters (D) (range: −1.50 to −7.25 D), and the planned flap thickness was 110, 120, 140, and 150 µm.

Results:
At the 3-month postoperative examination, all eyes had best spectacle-corrected visual acuity of 20/25 and uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) of 20/40; 91% of eyes reached UCVA of 20/20 or better. Ninety-four percent of eyes were within ±0.50 D of the planned correction. Complications were limited to one case of suction loss, and no other adverse events were noted at 3 months. The flaps were planar and the mean achieved central flap thickness was 118±9.2 µm for an attempted thickness of 120 µm.

Conclusions:

The investigators achieved LASIK outcomes exceeding the US Food and Drug Administration guidelines for refractive procedures in this series of myopic eyes using the VisuMax femtosecond laser and MEL 80 excimer laser. The curved contact lens of the applanation glass combined with low suction permitted continuous fixation during treatment. [
J Refract Surg.
2009;25:350–356.]
Contralateral Eye Study of Corneal Collagen Cross-linking With Riboflavin and UVA Irradiation in Patients With Keratoconus
Authors: Coskunseven Efekan , Jankov Mirko R. , Hafezi Farhad 
Published: December 2009

Purpose:
To assess the progression of keratoconus in patients treated with collagen cross-linking with riboflavin and ultraviolet A (UVA) irradiation.

Methods:
Thirty-eight eyes of 19 patients with progressive keratoconus were enrolled in a prospective comparative study. Average follow-up was 9±2 months (range: 5 to 12 months). The worse eye was treated with collagen cross-linking, and the fellow eye served as the control. Corneal epithelium was mechanically removed. Riboflavin 0.1% solution in dextran T-500 20% solution was applied every 2 to 3 minutes for 30 minutes throughout the irradiation. Ultraviolet A irradiation (370 nm) was performed using a commercially available UVA lamp for 30 minutes.

Results:

The group treated with collagen cross-linking demonstrated a mean decrease (less myopic) in spherical equivalent refraction and cylinder of 1.03±2.22 diopters (D) (range: −5.25 to +3.75 D) and 1.04±1.44 D (range: −2.00 to +4.00 D), respectively (
P
<.01), and an increase in uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) of 0.06±0.05 (range: 0.00 to 0.20) and 0.10±0.14 (range: −0.10 to 0.34), respectively (
P
<.01). The maximal curvature decreased by 1.57±1.14 D (range: 0.00 to 3.90 D), and intraocular pressure increased by 2±2 mmHg (range: −1 to 6 mmHg), which was statistically significant. No statistical difference was noted regarding central corneal thickness (
P
=.06) and endothelial cell count (
P
=.07). The untreated group showed no statistical difference for any of the clinical parameters, apart from UCVA and BSCVA, which decreased by 0.08±0.12 (range: −0.40 to 0.10) and 0.06±0.09 (range: −0.20 to 0.10), respectively (
P
<.01).

Conclusions:

Riboflavin/UVA collagen cross-linking appears to be efficacious in inhibiting the progression of keratoconus by reducing the corneal curvature, spherical equivalent refraction, and refractive cylinder in eyes with progressive keratoconus at average 9-month follow-up. [
J Refract Surg
. 2009;25:371–376.]
Comparison of Standard and Aberration-neutral Profiles for Myopic LASIK With the SCHWIND ESIRIS Platform
Authors: de Ortueta Diego , Mosquera Samuel Arba , Baatz Holger 
Published: December 2009

Purpose:
To compare the induced corneal wavefront aberration of eyes treated for myopia by LASIK with the SCHWIND ESIRIS laser using an aspheric aberration-neutral (Aberration-Free™) ablation profile versus a classical Munnerlyn standard profile.

Methods:
Two consecutive groups of myopic eyes were analyzed. One group (70 eyes) was treated with a standard non-aspheric Munnerlyn profile (standard group, mean spherical equivalent refraction −4.09±1.77 diopters [D] [range: −7.75 to −0.75 D] and mean cylinder 0.78±0.76 D [range: 0.00 to 3.00 D]), and the second group (70 eyes) was treated with the ORK-CAM aspheric aberration-neutral profile (aberration-neutral group, mean spherical equivalent refraction −3.71±1.80 D [range: −8.25 to −0.75 D] and mean cylinder 1.00±0.97 D [range: 0.00 to 4.50 D]). Visual outcome, corneal wavefront data, and topographic changes after 3-month follow-up were compared.

Results:
Both groups had a good visual acuity outcome with refractive predictability of ±0.50 D in approximately 96% of the cohort. In terms of safety, one eye in the standard group lost two lines of Snellen visual acuity. In the aberration-neutral group, no eye lost more than one line of Snellen visual acuity and 6% gained more than two lines. Corneal aberrations were measured up to the 7th order (36 Zernike terms). The induced postoperative corneal wavefront aberration at 4.0 and 6.0 mm was compared. At 6.0 mm, corneal coma increased after myopic LASIK by 0.09 µm in the standard group and by 0.07 µm in the aberration-neutral group. The induction of corneal spherical aberrations in the standard group was 0.17 µm (0.22 D) versus 0.09 µm (0.13 D) in the aberration-neutral group. The root-mean-square of induced higher order aberrations was 0.19 µm in the standard group and 0.16 µm in the aberration-neutral group. Topographies showed multifocality of 0.50 D in the standard group and 0.25 D in the aberration-neutral group.

Conclusions:

Both groups had good predictability and safety results. With the aspheric aberration-neutral profile, less corneal wavefront aberration was induced compared to eyes treated with the standard profile. [
J Refract Surg
. 2009;25:339–349.]
Multiple Component Intraocular Lens: First Human Implantation
Authors: Fuchs Hendrik A. , Frohn Andreas , Dean Kevin , Werblin Theodore P. 
Published: December 2009

Purpose:
To report the first clinical implantation of a foldable, spherical multiple component intraocular lens (MC-IOL). Previous studies and publications described a polymethylmethacrylate version of this lens, which required a 7-mm incision for its implantation. The foldable version of this lens system can be inserted through a <3-mm incision.

Methods:
Following routine cataract surgery, the base lens component of the MC-IOL was inserted with a 2.8-mm injector into the capsular bag of a 62-year-old woman. The front lens assembly of the spherical MCIOL was injected into the anterior chamber. The haptics of the front lens were then inserted into the capture bridges of the base lens completing the lens assembly procedure. The remainder of the cataract procedure was performed routinely.

Results:
Six-week follow-up showed 20/20 corrected vision with a refraction of +1.00 +0.25 × 106°. The MC-IOL was centrally located in the capsule, and good clearance was noted between the lens and iris.

Conclusions:

The foldable version of the MC-IOL can be inserted through a conventional small cataract incision (<3 mm). In this patient, the lens was well tolerated and generated the expected 20/20 visual acuity. The first MC-IOL prototype had only spherical components and the surgery was performed to demonstrate the feasibility of doing such an operation, assembling and disassembling the optical elements of the MC-IOL in the eye. The surgeon was able to perform these manipulations with a short learning curve and standard cataract instrumentation. [
J Refract Surg
. 2009;25:390–393.]