bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A water‐soluble amphoteric copolymer: Synthesis and its dispersion properties on cement particles
Authors: Weng Wei‐Hung , Hsu Kung‐Chung , Sheen Yeong‐Nain 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA new water‐soluble amphoteric copolymer (PAC) was synthesized and evaluated as a dispersion agent for cement particles. PAC was prepared from acrylamide and 2‐(3‐carboxyacryloyloxy)‐N‐(carboxymethyl)‐N,N‐dimethyl ethanaminium (CAC) through free‐radical polymerization. The structure of the prepared polymer was verified by the IR spectra. The dispersion properties of PAC were evaluated by the minislump test on cement pastes. The test results indicate that this copolymer could disperse the cement particles and improve the fluidity of the cement pastes. Compared with a commercial superplasticizer, sulfonated naphthalene formaldehyde condensate, PAC showed better dispersion properties. This polymer, with about 16.7% CAC and a weight‐average molecular weight of about 1 × 105, was most effective in dispersing cement particles and enhancing the fluidity of the cement pastes. This was attributed to the interaction and adsorption behavior of this admixture with cement particles. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Study on the synthesis of poly(ether‐block‐amide) copolymer based on nylon6 and poly(ethylene oxide) with various block lengths
Authors: Peyravi M. , Babaluo A. A. , Ardestani M. Akhfash , Aghjeh M. K. Razavi , Pishghadam S.R. , Hadi P. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractVarious segmented block copolyetheramides based on nylon6 (N6) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) with different compositions and block length of the hard and soft segments were synthesized. The effect of composition of the hard and soft segments was studied via FTIR spectroscopy based on the characteristic peak of ester group at wave number of 1730 cm−1. The average block length of the hard and soft segments in block copolymers was determined from H‐NMR analysis. Differential thermal analysis thermograms confirmed a microphase separated morphology over a broad range of temperature, leading to two separated crystalline domains. An increase in the interconnectivity of the polyamide segments controlled by chain extension, greatly improved the formation of polyamide lamellae crystals determined by X‐ray diffractometry. Atomic force microscopy images indicated different morphologies of dispersed phase in the dominant phase, which plays an important role in their performance for membrane processes. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Synthesis and evaluation of a star amphiphilic block copolymer from poly(ε‐caprolactone) and poly(ethylene oxide) as load and release carriers for guest molecules
Authors: Jiang Guohua , Xu Hao 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe use of polymeric materials as the carrier in the controlled release of guest molecules has become an important research area in the polymeric materials science, because of their advantages of the safety, efficacy and patient convenience. One of them, star amphiphilic polymer can self‐assemble into supermolecular structure (polymer micelles) by the balance of hydrophilic and hydrophobic interaction. In this study, star amphiphilic copolymer consisting of hydrophobic and biodegradable poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) and hydrophilic poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) blocks were synthesized by two‐step ring‐opening polymerization. The resultant polymer was characterizated by FTIR, 1H‐NMR, and DSC to determine its chemical structure. The morpholoy of the polymer micelles was analyzed by TEM. Using star‐PCL‐b‐PEO as carriers and congo red as model guest molecules, the encapsulation and release properties were investigated by UV–visable analysis. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Pyrrole‐based narrow‐band‐gap copolymers for red light‐emitting diodes and bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cells
Authors: Sun Mingliang , Wang Li , Yang Wei 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA series of narrow‐band‐gap conjugated copolymers (PFO‐DPT) derived from pyrrole, benzothiadiazole, and 9,9‐dioctylfluorene (DOF) is prepared by the palladium‐catalyzed Suzuki coupling reaction with the molar feed ratio of 4,7‐bis(N‐methylpyrrol‐2‐yl)‐2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole (DPT) around 1, 5, 15, 30, and 50%. The obtained polymers are readily soluble in common organic solvents. The solutions and the thin solid films of the copolymers absorb light from 300 nm to 600 nm with two absorbance peaks at around 380 nm and 505 nm. The PL emission consists mainly of DPT unit emission at around 624–686 nm depending on the DPT content in solid film. The EL emission peaks are red‐shifted from 630 nm for PFO‐DPT1 to 660 nm for PFO‐DPT50. Bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cells fabricated from composite films of copolymer and [6,6]‐phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) as electron donor and electron acceptor, respectively, in device configuration: ITO/PEDOT : PSS/PFO‐DPT : PCBM/Ba/Al shows power conversion efficiencies 0.15% with open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.60 V and short‐circuit current density (Jsc) of 0.73 mA/cm2 under AM1.5 solar simulator (100 mW/cm2). © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Stability study of inverse suspension copolymerization of 1,1,3,3‐tetramethylguandium acrylate and N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide
Authors: Dong Jie , Wu Linbo , An Dong , Li Bo‐Geng , Zhu Shiping 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn a previous study, we synthesized crosslinked P(TMGA‐co‐MBA) via an inverse suspension copolymerization of 1,1,3,3‐tetramethylguandium acrylate (TMGA) and N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) and found that the product is a good SO2 sorbent. However, the polymerization stability appeared to be poor under some reaction conditions and is far from being elucidated. In this study, the inverse suspension copolymerization was carried out using cyclohexane as solvent, Span60 as dispersant, and ammonium persulfate (APS) as initiator. The effects of the reaction conditions such as stirring speed, dispersant concentration, and temperature on the polymerization stability and particle size were systematically examined. It is found that the polymerization stability is a strong function of these parameters. Stable crosslinked poly(TMGA‐co‐MBA) particles from micrometer to millimeter diameters were synthesized under optimized conditions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Viscoelastic characteristics of shape memory polymers
Authors: Wang Zhengdao , Li Zhengfa , Wang Linyun , Xiong Zhiyuan , Zhengdao Wang , Li Zhengfa , Wang Linyun , Xiong Zhiyuan 
Published: June 2010

AbstractShape memory polymers (SMPs) can keep a temporary state and subsequently recover to the original shape through a prescribed thermomechanical process. Although different theoretical models have been presented, the viscous effects were seldom considered. This article aims to provide an insight into the viscoelastic property of SMPs and its effect on the functional realization. Systematic thermomechanical experiments were performed. Special considerations were focused on the viscoelastic response of SMPs in the vicinity of the glass transition temperature Tg. The relations between shape switching transition temperature Ttran and Tg were also discussed. The results confirm that Ttran departs from Tg due to the viscoelastic effect and does not keep a constant value during heating and cooling processes. The viscoelastic effect reaches to maximum value at Tg, then decreases slowly at cooling and quickly at heating. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Effect of biodegradation on thermal and crystalline behavior of polypropylene–gelatin based copolymers
Authors: Khanna N. Deepika , Kaur Inderjeet , Bhalla T. C. , Gautam Neena 
Published: June 2010

AbstractGelatin‐based graft copolymers of polypropylene (PP), has been synthesized by chemical method using benzoyl peroxide (BPO), as radical initiator. Biodegradation studies of pristine PP and PP‐g‐Gelatin have been carried out by soil burial test in simple soil and soil enriched with nitrogenous content by adding urea. The microbial degradation was substantiated by the direct attack of the microbes on the grafted samples. The rate of degradation by the direct attack was fast in comparison to the degradation in soil burial studies. The biochemical tests performed on the organisms isolated from the soil, identified these organisms as Bacillus circulans, Kurthia gibsonii, and Flavobacterium sp. which helped biodegradation of PP‐g‐Gelatin samples. The degradation of the grafted samples was further confirmed by carrying out the physical characterization of the original samples and the degraded samples by SEM, XRD, and TGA. The XRD and thermal data indicate an increase in the crystallinity of the degraded samples. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
An investigation into the morphology and electro‐optical properties of 2‐hydroxy ethyl methacrylate polymer dispersed liquid crystals
Authors: Chang Huey‐Ling , Chen Chih‐Ming 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPolymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) films are fabricated using E7 liquid crystals, tetraethylene glycol diacrylate (TeGDA) crosslinking agent, and 0–66.49 mol % 2‐hydroxy ethyl methacrylate (HEMA). The effects of different levels of HEMA addition on the microstructure and electro‐optical properties of the PDLC samples are examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and UV‐Vis spectroscopy, respectively. The results show that the refractive index of the PDLC films is insensitive to the level of HEMA addition. However, an increasing HEMA content improves the degree of phase separation during the polymerization process and increases the size and uniformity of the liquid crystal domain. As a result, the electro‐optical properties of the PDLC films are significantly improved as the level of HEMA addition is increased. Overall, the results show that a PDLC comprising 40 wt % E7 liquid crystals, 33.51 mol % TeGDA and 66.49 mol % HEMA has a high contrast ratio (13 : 1) and a low driving voltage (10 V) and is therefore an ideal candidate for a wide variety of intelligent photoelectric applications. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Synthesis of new cationic surfactants based on recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) for deinking of solvent‐based ink from low‐density polyethylene surface
Authors: El‐Sherbiny Samya I. , Morsy Fatma A. , Atta Ayman M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWater‐soluble oligomers based on poly‐(ethylene terephthalate) waste, PET, were prepared from transesterification of PET with diethanolamine and triethanolamine in the presence of manganese acetate as a catalyst at temperature of 200°C for 8 h. New cationic surfactants were prepared by reaction of the produced recycled oligomers with bromoacetic acid followed by quaternization with pyridine. The chemical structure of the prepared surfactants was confirmed by 1H‐NMR analysis. The surface tension, critical micelle concentration, and surface activities were determined at different temperatures. Surface parameters such as surface excess concentration (Γmax max), the area per molecule at interface (Amin), and the effectiveness of surface tension reduction (∏CMC) were determined from the adsorption isotherms of the prepared surfactants. The prepared surfactants were tested as ink removal for printed low‐density polyethylene surface. The effect of surfactants concentrations, pH, soaking time, and shaking time were investigated for deinking process. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Nitroxide‐mediated polymerization of styrene initiated from the surface of montmorillonite clay platelets
Authors: Shen Yongqian , Wang Yunpu , Chen Jiucun , Li Hongjun , Li Zhiwen , Li Chenglin 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPolymer‐grafted montmorillonite (MMT) hybrid composites which possess a hard backbone of MMT and a soft shell of brush‐like polystyrene (PSt) were prepared via “grafting from” strategy based on nitroxide‐mediated radical polymerization (NMRP) using 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐N‐oxyl (TEMPO) as mediator. Three steps were used to graft PSt chains to the surface of MMT: anchoring of methacrylatoethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DMC) onto the surface of MMT by ion exchange reaction first. And then, the surface alkoxyamine initiator was produced in a one‐step process by reacting simultaneously TEMPO, BPO, and DMC in the presence of MMT. Next, PSt chains with controlled molecular weights and polydispersities were grown from the alkoxyamine functionalized MMT surface. The prepared PSt‐g‐MMT hybrid particles have been extensively characterized by FTIR, XPS, XRD, TGA, TEM, respectively. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Structure and properties of phase change materials based on HDPE, soft Fischer‐Tropsch paraffin wax, and wood flour
Authors: Mngomezulu M. E. , Luyt A. S. , Krupa I. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPhase‐change materials based on high density polyethylene (HDPE), soft Fischer‐Tropsch paraffin wax (M3), and alkali‐treated wood flour (WF) were investigated. The blend and composite samples were prepared by melt mixing using a Brabender Plastograph, followed by melt pressing. They were characterized in terms of their morphology, as well as thermal, mechanical, thermo‐mechanical, and water absorption properties. Although SEM micrographs showed some evidence of intimate contact between the WF particles and the HDPE matrix as a result of alkali treatment, poor filler dispersion, and interfacial adhesion were also observed. Partial immiscibility of the HDPE and the M3 wax was noticed, with the WF particles covered by wax. There was plasticization of the HDPE matrix by the wax, as well as partial cocrystallization, inhomogeneity and uneven wax dispersion in the polymer matrix. The HDPE/WF/M3 wax composites were more homogeneous than the blends. The presence of wax reduced the thermal stability of the blends and composites. Both the presence of M3 wax and WF influenced the viscoelastic behavior of HDPE. The HDPE/M3 wax blends showed an increase in the interfacial amorphous content as the wax content increases, which resulted in the appearance of a β‐relaxation peak. The presence of M3 wax in HDPE reduced the mechanical properties of the blends. For the composites these properties varied with WF content. An increase in wax content resulted to a decrease in water uptake by the composites, probably because the wax covered the WF particles and penetrated the pores in these particles. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
The effect of adjuvant on the halogen‐free intumescent flame retardant ABS/PA6/SMA/APP blend
Authors: Lu Chengxiang , Wang Jun , Chen Lei , Fu Qiang , Cai Xufu 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe adjuvant of organic bentonite (OBT), zinc oxide (ZnO), zeolite 4A (4A), aluminum phosphinate (AlPi), terephthaloyl‐biscaprolactam (TBC), 2,2′‐bis(2‐oxazoline) (BOZ), and manganese dioxide (MnO2) on flame retardant enhancement of acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene copolymer (ABS)/polyamide 6 (PA6)/styrene‐maleic anhydride (SMA)/ammonium polyphosphate (APP) blends were investigated by using the limiting oxygen index (LOI), the UL‐94 (vertical flame) test, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The LOI datas and vertical flame tests showed that the synergistic flame retardant effect of OBT, ZnO, 4A, AlPi, BOZ, and MnO2 on the ABS/PA6/SMA/APP blend was good, and the LOI value of ABS/PA6/SMA/APP/MnO2 (55/15/5/25/2) system was 33% and class V‐0 of UL‐94 test was passed. The TGA data demonstrated that the incorporation of adjuvant was known to improve the fire properties essentially accompanied by only minor changes in thermal decomposition. The strong influence of oxygen on the thermal degradation of the ABS/PA6/SMA/APP system, and the oxygen could modify the carbonaceous structure. The microstructures observed by SEM indicated that the adjuvant can promote formation of compact intumescent inorganic‐carbonaceous char layers in ABS/PA6/SMA/APP blends. Furthermore, the effects of adjuvant on the mechanical properties of ABS/PA6/SMA/APP blends were also investigated. The Izod impact strength of the ABS/PA6/SMA/APP/Adj composite showed a little depressing. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Preparation and characterization of PS‐PMMA/ZnO nanocomposite films with novel properties of high transparency and UV‐shielding capacity
Authors: Ge Junlin , Zeng Xiaofei , Tao Xia , Li Xue , Shen Zhigang , Yun Jimmy , Chen Jianfeng 
Published: June 2010

AbstractHigh transparent and UV‐shielding poly (styrene)‐co‐poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS‐PMMA)/zinc oxide (ZnO) optical nanocomposite films were prepared by solution mixing using methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) as a cosolvent. The films were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectra, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM), and atomic force microscope (AFM). Cross‐section HR‐TEM and AFM images showed that the ZnO nanoparticles were uniformly dispersed in the polymer matrix at the nanoscale level. The XRD and FTIR studies indicate that there is no chemical bond or interaction between PS‐PMMA and ZnO nanoparticles in the nanocomposite films. The UV–vis spectra in the wavelength range of 200–800 nm showed that nanocomposite films with ZnO particle contents from 1 to 20 wt % had strong absorption in UV spectrum region and the same transparency as pure PMMA‐PS film in the visible region. The optical properties of polymer are greatly improved by the incorporation of ZnO nanoparticles. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Synthesis and properties of sulfonated aromatic fluoro‐polymers
Authors: Endo Kiyoshi , Yamade Takashi 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPolycondensation of perfluorobiphenyl with α,α‐bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl)ethylbenzene and/or 9,9‐bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl)fluorene was investigated. The polycondensation of perfluorobiphenyl with α,α‐bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl)ethylbenzene and/or 9,9‐bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl)fluorene proceeded at low‐temperature to a give high‐molecular weight and thermal stable polymers. The 19F‐NMR spectra of the polymers indicate that the polymers consists of predominantly 1,4‐phenylene structure with respect to the perfluoro‐aromatic compound. The sulfonation of the polymers obtained from the polycondensation occurred at the phenyl groups and fluorenyl side chain. A tough and smooth film was prepared by a casting method from DMF solution of the sulfonated polymer. The films showed hydrolytic and oxidative stabilities, and a high‐proton conductivity. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Preparation of low refractive index fluorinated materials for antireflection coatings
Authors: Liu Bo‐Tau , Yeh Wei‐De , Wang Wei‐Hong 
Published: June 2010

AbstractNovel low refractive index fluorinated polymers were prepared from perfluoroalkylsilane and polyethoxysiloxane by a sol‐gel technique for antireflection applications. Perfluoroalkylsilane having low refractive index fluoroalkyl groups incorporate polyethoxysiloxane by condensation of their siloxane groups to improve the adhesion and hardness of the fluorinated polymers. Syntheses and characteristics of the fluorinated polymers were investigated by the studies of FTIR, GPC, UV–vis, ellipsometry, and mechanical tests. The experimental results reveal that the refractive index and hardness of the coating using the optimal fluorinated polymer were about 1.39 and 3H, respectively, which meet the requirements in practical applications. It was also found that the fluorinated polymer made from polyethoxysiloxane had a better hardness than that made from tetraethyl orthosilicate. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Effects of carbon fillers on tensile and flexural properties in polypropylene‐based resins
Authors: López Gaxiola Daniel , Jubinski Mary M. , Keith Jason M. , King Julia A. , Miskioglu Ibrahim 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA potential application for conductive resins is in bipolar plates for use in fuel cells. The addition of carbon filler can increase the electrical and thermal conductivities of the polymer matrix but will also have an effect on the tensile and flexural properties, important for bipolar plates. In this research, three different types of carbon (carbon black, synthetic graphite, and carbon nanotubes) were added to polypropylene and the effects of these single fillers on the flexural and tensile properties were measured. All three carbon fillers caused an increase in the tensile and flexural modulus of the composite. The ultimate tensile and flexural strengths decreased with the addition of carbon black and synthetic graphite, but increased for carbon nanotubes/polypropylene composites due to the difference in the aspect ratio of this filler compared to carbon black and synthetic graphite. Finally, it was found that the Nielsen model gave the best prediction of the tensile modulus for the polypropylene based composites. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Preparation, characterization, and properties of sodium montmorillonite clay/poly(styrene–butadiene–styrene) containing quaternary ammonium cations and photoinitiator nanocomposites via ultraviolet exposure
Authors: Wu Guoliang , Xie Yanyan , Ou Encai , Zhang Lala , Xiong Yuanqin , Xu Weijian 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA functionalized graft copolymer {poly(styrene–butadiene–styrene) (SBS)‐g‐4‐benzoyl‐N,N‐dimethyl‐N‐[2‐(2‐methyl‐1‐oxo‐2‐propenyloxy)ethyl]benzenemethanaminium bromide (4‐BBPDMAEMA)}, containing a photoinitiator, quaternary ammonium cations, and many CC double bonds, was synthesized to modify clays, such as Na+–montmorillonite (MMT) clay, for the preparation of organic–inorganic nanocomposite resins via radical photoinduced crosslinking polymerization. The structure of SBS‐g‐4‐BBPDMAEMA was characterized by Fourier transform infrared and 1H‐NMR spectroscopy. The corresponding SBS‐g‐4‐BBPDMAEMA was found to have two functions: the capability to ionically exchange with sodium ions in the silicate gallery and the capability to synthesize exfoliated SBS/MMT nanocomposites by the UV crosslinking of intercalation polymerization. The results from the X‐ray diffraction primarily reveal that the clay platelets should have been exfoliated or completely disordered. However, the results from transmission electron microcopy confirmed that a mixture of partially exfoliated and intercalated structures presented in the nanocomposites. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis testing indicated that the glass‐transition temperature of the polybutadiene phase and polystyrene phase moved to a lower temperature. Data of thermogravimetric analysis and testing of the mechanical properties showed that the thermal stability and mechanical properties of SBS‐g‐4‐BBPDMAEMA could be regulated by the crosslinking and content of MMT. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
ChemInform Abstract: TaFn and TaCln Atomization Energies for n = 1—5
Authors: Bauschlicher Jr. Charles W. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: FP=S in the Gas‐Phase: Detection by Rotationally Resolved Infrared and Millimeter‐Wave Spectra Assisted by ab‐initio Calculations.
Authors: Beckers Helmut , Bogey Marcel , Breidung Juergen , Buerger Hans , Drean Pascal , Paplewski Peter , Thiel Walter , Walters Adam 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.