bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One‐Pot Carboboration of Alkynes Using Lithium Borylcyanocuprate and the Subsequent Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Coupling of the Resulting Tetrasubstituted Alkenylborane
Authors: Okuno Yuri , Yamashita Makoto , Nozaki Kyoko 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe have developed a one‐pot carboboration of internal alkynes using lithium borylcyanocuprates 3. Isolation of single crystals of 3·(thf)3 enabled us to estimate its structural and spectroscopic features. Simple mixing of 3 with ester‐substituted alkynes and alkynylarenes was followed by trapping of the resulting intermediate with electrophiles to give tetrasubstituted borylalkenes 4, 5, and 8 in moderate to good yields. Ligand exchange of 8ba from diamine to pinacol allowed us to explore further application of obtained pinacol ester 10ba to subsequent Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reactions to give all‐carbon substituted alkene 9ba.
Catalytic Asymmetric α‐Chlorination of 3‐Acyloxazolidin‐2‐one with a Trinary Catalytic System
Authors: Hamashima Yoshitaka , Nagi Tatsuya , Shimizu Ryo , Tsuchimoto Teruhisa , Sodeoka Mikiko 
Published: May 2011

AbstractDirect asymmetric α‐chlorination of aryl acetic acid derivatives was achieved with a novel trinary activation system consisting of a catalytic amount of NiCl2/(R)‐BINAP, Et3SiOTf, and a tertiary amine base. The reaction smoothly afforded the chlorinated compound in good yield with up to 89 % ee. Application of this reaction to a less acidic crotonic acid derivative gave the β,γ‐unsaturated α‐chlorinated compound through deprotonation at the γ‐position.
Trace Level Determination of Hydrogen Peroxide at a Carbon Ceramic Electrode Modified with Copper Oxide Nanostructures
Authors: Razmi Habib , Nasiri Hojjat 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAn electrochemical sensor was developed for determination of hydrogen peroxide based on nanocopper oxides modified carbon sol‐gel or carbon ceramic electrode (CCE). The modified electrode was prepared by electrodeposition of metallic copper on the CCE surface and derivatized in situ to copper oxides nanostructures and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The modified electrode responded linearly to the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration over the range 0.78–193.98 µmol L−1 with a detection limit of 71 nmol L−1 (S/N=3) and the sensitivity of 0.697 A mol−1 L cm−2. This electrode was used as selective amperometric sensor for determination of H2O2 contents in hair coloring creams.
Preparation of silica‐based nanoparticle having surface‐bound octanoyl‐aminopropyl moieties and its applications for the capillary electrochromatography separation of charged and neutral compounds
Authors: Yan Xin‐Huan , Ding Guo‐Sheng , Li Hui , Tang An‐Na 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA kind of novel amphiphilic silica‐based nanoparticle having surface‐bound octanoyl‐aminopropyl moieties (OA‐NP) with the diameter of ∼250 nm was successfully prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. The potential use of OA‐NP as pseudostationary phase in capillary electrochromatography for the separation of aromatic acids, basic, and neutral compounds was investigated. Five aromatic acids were separated rapidly with high column efficiency as they migrate in the same direction with the EOF under optimum experimental conditions. Under a running buffer with the composition of 40% methanol, 10 mM phosphate buffer (pH 5.5) with 1.0 mg/mL OA‐NPs added, basic compounds investigated were baseline resolved with relatively symmetrical peaks. Due to the existence of polar acyl amide group on the surface of OA‐NPs, “silanol effect” that occurs between the positively charged basic analytes and the silanols of the capillary column was greatly suppressed. Furthermore, the newly synthesized OA‐NPs were also tried for the separation of some neutral analytes, and satisfactory separations were obtained.
Development of internal amplification controls for DNA profiling with the AmpFℓSTR® SGM Plus® kit
Authors: Zahra Nathalie , Hadi Sibte , Smith Judith A. , Iyengar Arati , Goodwin William 
Published: May 2011

AbstractDNA extracted from forensic samples can be degraded and also contain co‐extracted contaminants that inhibit PCR. The effects of DNA degradation and PCR inhibition are often indistinguishable when examining a DNA profile. Two internal amplification controls (IACs) were developed to improve quality control of PCR using the AmpFℓSTR® SGM Plus® kit. The co‐amplification of these controls with DNA samples was used to monitor amplification efficiency and detect PCR inhibitors. IAC fragments of 90 and 410 bp (IAC90 and IAC410) were generated from the plasmid pBR322 using tailed primers and then amplified with ROX‐labelled primers. Co‐amplification of IAC90 and IAC410 was performed with varying amounts of template DNA, degraded DNA and DNA contaminated with humic acid, heme and indigo dye. Both IAC90 and IAC410 were successfully amplified with human DNA without significantly affecting the quality of the DNA profile, even with DNA amounts lower than 0.5 ng. In the presence of inhibitors, the IAC90 signal was still present after all human DNA loci fail to amplify; in contrast, the IAC410 signal was reduced or absent at low levels of inhibition. Amplification of the two IACs provided an internal PCR control and allowed partial profiles caused by inhibition to be distinguished from degraded DNA profiles.
Fractional order intensity measures for probabilistic seismic demand modeling applied to highway bridges
Authors: Shafieezadeh Abdollah , Ramanathan Karthik , Padgett Jamie E. , DesRoches Reginald 
Published: May 2011

SUMMARYProbabilistic seismic analysis of structures involves the construction of seismic demand models, often stated as probabilistic models of structural response conditioned on a seismic intensity measure. The uncertainty introduced by the model is often a result of the chosen intensity measure. This paper introduces the concept of using fractional order intensity measures (IMs) in probabilistic seismic demand analysis and uses a single frame integral concrete box‐girder bridge class and a seismically designed multispan continuous steel girder bridge class as case studies. The fractional order IMs considered include peak ground response and spectral accelerations at 0.2 and 1.0 s considering a single degree of freedom system with fractional damping, , as well as a linear single degree of freedom system with fractional response, . The study reveals the advantage of fractional order IMs relative to conventional IMs such as peak ground acceleration, peak ground velocity, or spectral acceleration at 0.2 and 1.0 s. Metrics such as efficiency, sufficiency, practicality, and proficiency are measured to assess the optimal nature of fractional order IMs. The results indicate that the proposed fractional order IMs produce significant improvements in efficiency and proficiency, whereas maintaining practicality and sufficiency, and thus providing superior demand models that can be used in probabilistic seismic demand analysis. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Beliefs about excessive exercise in eating disorders: The role of obsessions and compulsions
Authors: Naylor Heather , Mountford Victoria , Brown Gary 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to develop an understanding of excessive exercise in eating disorders by exploring the role of exercise beliefs, obsessive beliefs and obsessive‐compulsive behaviours.MethodSixty‐four women were recruited from eating disorder services and 75 non‐clinical women were recruited from a university. Exercise beliefs and behaviours, obsessive beliefs and behaviours and eating disorder psychopathology were assessed using self‐report questionnaires.ResultsThere was an association between exercise beliefs, obsessive beliefs and obsessive‐compulsive behaviours in the eating‐disordered group, but not in the non‐eating‐disordered group. In the eating‐disordered group obsessive beliefs and obsessive‐compulsive behaviours were associated with a significant proportion of variance in exercise beliefs after controlling for eating disorder psychopathology and BMI. In the non‐eating‐disordered group obsessive beliefs and behaviours were associated with beliefs about exercise as a method of affect regulation after controlling for BMI.ConclusionThe results are compatible with a model in which obsessive beliefs and exercise beliefs could maintain exercise in eating disorders. This has implications for the assessment and treatment of excessive exercise. Further research is necessary to determine the causality of these relationships. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Eating disorders and exercise: A structural equation modelling analysis of a conceptual model
Authors: Cook Brian , Hausenblas Heather , Tuccitto Daniel , Giacobbi Peter R. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectiveDespite the well‐established health benefits of physical activity, the role of exercise for eating disorders (ED) is controversial; thus dictating a need for a better understanding of the mechanisms of exercise and ED. The purpose of our study was to examine a conceptual model that hypothesizes regular exercise without psychological compulsion might impart beneficial effects for preventing and treating ED.MethodUniversity students (N = 539) completed self‐report assessments of quality of life, exercise level, ED risk and exercise dependence symptoms. Structural equation modelling analysis was undertaken to examine the conceptual model's proposed relationships.ResultsMediation analysis and model comparison tests showed that the partially mediated model without the physical well‐being latent construct fit the data best.DiscussionOur results provided initial support for the conceptual model by showing that the psychological benefits, but not the physical benefits, conveyed by exercise were associated with reduced ED risk. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association
Contextual body image and athletes' disordered eating: The contribution of athletic body image to disordered eating in high performance women athletes
Authors: de Bruin A. P. (Karin) , Oudejans Raôul R. D. , Bakker Frank C. , Woertman Liesbeth 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe present study investigated the contribution of a contextual body image perspective to understanding disordered eating in high performance women athletes. Because existing questionnaires were not suitable for measuring body image in the contexts of sport and daily life, we developed the ‘Contextual Body Image Questionnaire for Athletes’ (CBIQA) in which body image is divided into ‘appearance’, ‘muscularity’, ‘thin‐fat self‐evaluations’ and ‘thin‐fat perceived opinions of others’, in both contexts. In Study 1, the internal validity and reliability of this questionnaire was established in a general, heterogeneous sample of female sport participants and exercisers. In Study 2, the external validity was determined in a sample of 52 high performance women athletes who mainly participated in aesthetic or endurance sports, 19 of which were classified with and 33 without disordered eating. The results of Study 2 showed that both ‘thin‐fat self’ and ‘thin‐fat opinions of others’ in sport made significant unique contributions to explaining eating disorder variance, indicating the important role of athletic body image. In conclusion, the contextual body image approach seems to be a promising framework for a better understanding of athletes' disordered eating. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Eating disordered behaviours in Portuguese athletes: The influence of personal, sport, and psychological variables
Authors: Gomes A. Rui , Martins Carla , Silva Luiz 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectiveThis study describes eating disordered behaviours in a sample of Portuguese elite athletes and analyses the impact of personal and sports factors on those eating disordered behaviours.MethodTwo hundred and ninety athletes (51.7% males) practicing collective (64.8%) and individual sports have been included. The evaluation protocol included theEating Disorder Examination Questionnaire; theSport Condition Questionnaire; theSport Anxiety Scale; theTask and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire; theCognitive Evaluation of Sport–Threat Perceptionsand theSelf‐Presentation Exercise Questionnaire.ResultsFemales, athletes with a higher body mass index, and those with a desire to weigh less, reported more eating disordered behaviours. No relation with sports variables was found. Finally, a higher prevalence of eating disorders behaviour was predicted by lower satisfaction in terms of body shape and physical appearance, higher anxiety and impression motivation.ConclusionPersonal characteristics of athletes, as well as their body satisfaction, anxiety, impression motivation and threat perception and coach comments on their weight, represent dimensions that could raise the risk for eating disorders. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association
Compulsive exercise and eating disorders
Authors: Meyer Caroline , Taranis Lorin , Goodwin Huw , Haycraft Emma 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe aim of this review was to develop an empirically supported cognitive behavioural model of compulsive exercise within the context of the eating disorders. A systematic review of the correlates and predictors of compulsive exercise among eating disordered patients identified four key correlates. These were subsequently validated by a second review, incorporating both the clinical and non‐clinical as well as the exercise science literatures. A proposed model is presented which is both evidence‐based and testable. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Excessive exercise: From quantitative categorisation to a qualitative continuum approach
Authors: Johnston Olwyn , Reilly Jackie , Kremer John 
Published: May 2011

AbstractResearchers have yet to reach a consensus on the definition of excessive exercise, and many questions remain about the relationship between excessive exercise and eating disorders. Understanding of excessive exercise may be furthered by adoption of a broader, dimensional perspective. The current qualitative (grounded theory) study explored the continuum of women's exercise experiences, ranging from casual to more extreme regimens. Thirty‐two women were interviewed, aged 16–77. Participants described stages in a continuum of exercise experiences. Overlaps were described between participant perceptions of ‘normal’ exercise, excessive exercise and exercise addiction. Excessive exercise and disturbed eating were described as arising from common concerns about the need to control the body, with exercise viewed as a more acceptable alternative to disturbed eating. The results provide support for a continuum approach to the understanding of excessive exercise, and highlight the utility of qualitative methods in this area. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Numerical modelling of combined erosion and weathering of slopes in weak rock
Authors: Huisman M. , Nieuwenhuis J. D. , Hack H. R. G. K. 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTDue to various decay processes associated with weathering, the stability of artificial slopes in weak rocks may be affected well within their envisaged engineering lifetime. Conceptually, the decay following the initial stress release after excavation can be described as a process seeking equilibrium between weathering and erosion. The extent to which such an equilibrium is actually reached influences the outcome of the weathering‐erosion decay process as well as the effects that the decay has on the geotechnical properties of the exposed rock mass, and thus ultimately the stability of slopes affected by erosion and weathering. This paper combines two conceptual models for erosion and weathering, and derives a numerical model which predicts the resulting slope development. This can help to predict the development of a slope profile excavated in a weak rock in time, and can be extended with the addition of strength parameters to the weathering profile to enable prediction of slope stability as a function of time. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Correlates of mercury in female river otters (Lontra canadensis) from Nova Scotia, Canada
Authors: Spencer Sarah H , Shutler Dave , O'Brien Michael S 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Mercury (Hg) can reach toxic concentrations in aquatic habitats, sometimes as a consequence of human activity. Mercury can have deleterious effects, particularly in piscivorous mammals in which it bioaccumulates. Furs from trapper-provided female otter (Lontra canadensis) carcasses in Nova Scotia were analyzed for total Hg. Concentrations of total Hg in fur samples averaged 25 µg/g dry weight, ranging from 1.4 to 137 µg/g; 20 µg/g is the fur concentration at which toxic effects are expected. Mercury concentrations were greater in otters from watersheds with bedrock substrates known to contain more available Hg, from otters trapped farther inland, and from otters trapped on watersheds with hydroelectric dams. Otter reproductive potential was measured by counting the number of blastocysts in reproductive tracts. Tooth annuli were used to age otters. Reproductive potential was not related to Hg concentration, nor was Hg concentration related to age. In a general linear model, 53% of variation in fur Hg was explained by underlying bedrock, distance from the coast at which otters were trapped, and presence/absence of a hydroelectric dam. The proportion of juveniles in a population did not differ relative to bedrock Hg concentration, but was lower on watersheds with hydroelectric dams. Because we found no evidence of reduced reproductive potential from greater Hg concentrations, the low proportion of juveniles suggests that Hg reduced juvenile survival, although our evidence is circumstantial. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:1879–1884. © 2011 SETAC
Biomedicine in the environment: Sorption of the cyclotide kalata B2 to montmorillonite, goethite, and humic acid
Authors: Ovesen Rikke Gleerup , Nielsen John , Bruun Hansen Hans Christian 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Cyclotides are bioactive, stable mini-proteins produced in high amounts in Violaceae and Rubiaceae with promising pharmaceutical and agrochemical applications. Environmental issues must be addressed before large-scale plant cultivation of cyclotides for pharmaceutical or pesticidal purposes can commence. The objective of the present study was to investigate sorption of the cyclotide kalata B2 (kB2), because knowledge of cyclotide biogeochemistry will aid our understanding of environmental fate. The octanol-water partitioning coefficient was determined to be 2.8 ± 0.6 (log KOW = 0.4 ± 0.1). Sorption of kB2 by montmorillonite, goethite, and humic acid was investigated at different concentrations and under varying acidity and reached equilibrium within minutes. The kB2 sorption at a solution concentration of 0.2 mg/L to montmorillonite was high (120 mg/g) compared to humic acid (0.60 mg/g) and goethite (0.03 mg/g). Kalata B2 intercalated the interlayer space of montmorillonite. The sorption isotherm for humic acid was linear up to a solution concentration of 0.8 mg/L and concave for montmorillonite and goethite up to an equilibrium solution concentration of 1.5 mg/L. Sorption to goethite was unaffected by pH, but sorption to montmorillonite and humic acid at pH near the isoelectric point (pI) was threefold the sorption when pH &gt; the isoelectric point, suggesting that electrostatic interaction/repulsion between kB2 and sorbents play an important role. The strong sorption to montmorillonite reduces exposure to below toxic threshold values. In addition, the transport risk of soluble cyclotides is reduced, but particle-bound cyclotides may be transported to recipient aquatic sediments with the associated risk of adversely affecting sediment-dwelling organisms. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. © 2011 SETAC
Uptake of lead, cadmium, and other metals in the liver and kidneys of cattle near a lead-zinc mine in Kabwe, Zambia
Authors: Yabe John , Nakayama Shouta M.M , Ikenaka Yoshinori , Muzandu Kaampwe , Ishizuka Mayumi , Umemura Takashi 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Concentrations of lead, cadmium, and other metals in the liver and kidneys of cattle near a lead-zinc mine in Kabwe (Zambia), which is ranked among the 10 worst polluted places on earth, were compared with other Zambian towns. Metal concentrations were measured in the liver and kidneys of 51 cattle from Kabwe and other Zambian towns. The maximum metal concentrations, expressed in mg/kg and dry weight, in the liver or kidneys were 398.4 (Cu), 252.6 (Zn), 77.81 (Cr), 19.37 (Cd), 7.57 (Ni), 1.8 (Pb), 1.04 (Co), 0.112 (Hg), and 0.05 (As). Concentrations of Pb and Cd in Kabwe cattle were higher than levels in other Zambian towns. The mean concentration of Cd exceeded benchmark values in offal destined for human consumption. Levels of Ni and Cr may also pose public health concerns. Concentrations of Pb and Cr, Pb and Cu, Cd and Zn, Cd and Hg, Zn and Cu, Cu and Co, as well as Co and Ni were positively correlated. The present study also highlighted the dangers of exposure of animals and humans to a mixture of toxic metals. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:1892–1897. © 2011 SETAC
Relationship between vortex and sound in under‐expanded supersonic impinging jets
Authors: Yao Zhaohui , Zhang Xiwen , Cui Xinguang 
Published: May 2011

SUMMARYThe study of an under‐expanded supersonic jet impinging on a flat plate by using large‐eddy simulation is reported. A third‐order upwind compact difference and a fourth‐order symmetric compact scheme are employed to discretize the nondimensional axisymmetric compressible Favre‐filtered Navier–Stokes equations in space, whereas the third‐order Runge–Kutta method with the total variation diminishing property is adopted to deal with the temporal discretization. The numerical simulation successfully captures the shock wave and vortex structures with different scales in the flow field. Waves with high and low frequencies traveling forward and reflecting back, and sound sources in different locations can be observed. By comparison with the frequency of the impinging tone from the experiment, it can be deduced that the change of pressure and swirling strength in the shear layer, pressure change on the impinging plate, and vortex merging in the jet shear layer are interdependent with the impinging tone. The effects of nozzle lip thickness on the impinging jet flow field have been investigated. The results show that the values of pressure fluctuation and vortex swirling strength in the shear layer near the nozzle have an extremum with the variation of the nozzle lip thickness. The results provide a theoretical foundation for the design of supersonic nozzles. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.