bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Between Neighborhood Context and Smoking Prevalence Among Asian Americans
Authors: Kandula Namratha R. , Wen Ming , Jacobs Elizabeth A. , Lauderdale Diane S. 
Published: March 2009

Objectives. To study neighborhood-level determinants of smoking among Asian Americans, we examined 3 neighborhood factors (ethnic enclave, socioeconomics, and perceived social cohesion) and smoking prevalence in a population-based sample.Methods. We linked data from the 2003 California Health Interview Survey to tract-level data from the 2000 Census. We used multivariate logistic regression models to estimate the associations between smoking and neighborhood-level factors, independent of individual factors.Results. Twenty-two percent of 1693 Asian men and 6% of 2174 Asian women reported current smoking. Women living in an Asian enclave were less likely to smoke (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.27; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.08, 0.88). Among men, higher levels of perceived neighborhood social cohesion were associated with lower odds of smoking (AOR = 0.74; 95% CI = 0.61, 0.91).Conclusions. The association between contextual factors and smoking differed for men and women. For women, living in an Asian enclave may represent cultural behavioral norms. For men, neighborhood trust and cohesiveness may buffer stress. Smoking prevention and cessation interventions among Asian Americans may be more effective if they address contextual factors.
Public Health Workforce Enumeration
Authors: Gebbie Kristine M. , Raziano Amanda , Elliott Sterling 
Published: March 2009

Comprehensive data on the public health workforce are fundamental to workforce development throughout the public health system. Such information is also a critical data element in public health systems research, a growing area of study that can inform the practice of public health at all levels. However, methodologic and institutional issues challenge the development of comparable indicators for the federal, state, and local public health workforce. A 2006–2007 Association of State and Territorial Health Officials workforce enumeration pilot project demonstrated the issues involved in collecting workforce data. This project illustrated key elements of an institutionalized national system of workforce enumeration, which would be needed for a robust, recurring count that provides a national picture of the public health workforce.
Reduction in Suicide Mortality Following a New National Alcohol Policy in Slovenia: An Interrupted Time-Series Analysis
Authors: Pridemore William Alex , Snowden Aleksandra J. 
Published: March 2009

Objectives. We assessed the impact on suicide mortality of a new national policy in Slovenia that limits the availability of alcohol.Methods. We obtained monthly total, male, and female suicide counts in Slovenia between January 1997 and December 2005 and then employed autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) techniques to model the effect of the alcohol policy (implemented in March 2003).Results. There was a significant decrease in the total number of monthly suicides following the policy's implementation. Subsequent analyses revealed this association to be caused solely by the impact on male suicides. Specifically, there was an immediate and permanent reduction of 3.6 male suicides per month (95% confidence interval = −0.4, −6.9), or approximately 10% of the preintervention average. The policy had no statistically significant effect on female suicides.Conclusions. Our results show the effectiveness of this specific policy in reducing male suicides in Slovenia and also hint at the potential of public policy in reducing the public health burden of alcohol-related harm more generally.
Surplus Value of Hip Adduction in Leg-Press Exercise in Patients With Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Song Chen-Yi , Lin Yeong-Fwu , Wei Tung-Ching , Lin Da-Hon , Yen Tzu-Yu , Jan Mei-Hwa 
Published: March 2009

BackgroundA common treatment for patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is strength (force-generating capacity) training of the vastus medialis oblique muscle (VMO). Hip adduction in conjunction with knee extension is commonly used in clinical practice; however, evidence supporting the efficacy of this exercise is lacking.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine the surplus effect of hip adduction on the VMO.DesignThis study was a randomized controlled trial.SettingThe study was conducted in a kinesiology laboratory.ParticipantsEighty-nine patients with PFPS participated.InterventionParticipants were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: hip adduction combined with leg-press exercise (LPHA group), leg-press exercise only (LP group), or no exercise (control group). Training consisted of 3 weekly sessions for 8 weeks.MeasurementsRatings of worst pain as measured with a 100-mm visual analog scale (VAS-W), Lysholm scale scores, and measurements of VMO morphology (including cross-sectional area [CSA] and volume) were obtained before and after the intervention.ResultsSignificant improvements in VAS-W ratings, Lysholm scale scores, and VMO CSA and volume were observed after the intervention in both exercise groups, but not in the control group. Significantly greater improvements for VAS-W ratings, Lysholm scale scores, and VMO volume were apparent in the LP group compared with the control group. There were no differences between the LP and LPHA groups for any measures.LimitationsOnly the VMO was examined by ultrasonography. The resistance level for hip adduction and the length of intervention period may have been inadequate to induce a training effect.ConclusionsSimilar changes in pain reduction, functional improvement, and VMO hypertrophy were observed in both exercise groups. Incorporating hip adduction with leg-press exercise had no impact on outcome in patients with PFPS.
Intraoperative biplanar rotational angiography during neurovascular surgery
Authors: Dehdashti Amir R. , Thines Laurent , Da Costa Leodante B. , terBrugge Karel G. , Willinsky Robert A. , Wallace M. Christopher , Tymianski Michael 
Published: March 2009

Object
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the authors' initial experience with the integration of high-resolution rotational and biplanar angiography during neurovascular operative procedures.

Methods
Eight patients with intracerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) and aneurysms underwent surgical treatment of their lesions in a combined endovascular surgical suite. After initial head positioning, preoperative biplane and rotational angiography was performed. Resection of the AVM or clipping of the aneurysm was then performed. Further biplane and rotational 3D angiograms were obtained intraoperatively to confirm satisfactory treatment.

Results
One small residual AVM identified intraoperatively necessitated further resection. One aneurysm was clipped during endovascular inflation of an intracarotid balloon for temporary proximal control. The completeness of treatment was confirmed on intraoperative 3D rotational angiography in all cases, and there were no procedure-related complications.

Conclusions
Intraoperative rotational angiography performed in an integrated biplane angiography/surgery suite is a safe and useful adjunct to surgery and may enable combining endovascular and surgical procedures for the treatment of complex vascular lesions.
Avoiding the ventricle: a simple step to improve accuracy of anatomical targeting during deep brain stimulation
Authors: Zrinzo Ludvic , van Hulzen Arjen L. J. , Gorgulho Alessandra A. , Limousin Patricia , Staal Michiel J. , De Salles Antonio A. F. , Hariz Marwan I. 
Published: March 2009

Object
The authors examined the accuracy of anatomical targeting during electrode implantation for deep brain stimulation in functional neurosurgical procedures. Special attention was focused on the impact that ventricular involvement of the electrode trajectory had on targeting accuracy.

Methods
The targeting error during electrode placement was assessed in 162 electrodes implanted in 109 patients at 2 centers. The targeting error was calculated as the shortest distance from the intended stereotactic coordinates to the final electrode trajectory as defined on postoperative stereotactic imaging. The trajectory of these electrodes in relation to the lateral ventricles was also analyzed on postoperative images.

Results
The trajectory of 68 electrodes involved the ventricle. The targeting error for all electrodes was calculated: the mean ± SD and the 95% CI of the mean was 1.5 ± 1.0 and 0.1 mm, respectively. The same calculations for targeting error for electrode trajectories that did not involve the ventricle were 1.2 ± 0.7 and 0.1 mm. A significantly larger targeting error was seen in trajectories that involved the ventricle (1.9 ± 1.1 and 0.3 mm; p < 0.001). Thirty electrodes (19%) required multiple passes before final electrode implantation on the basis of physiological and/or clinical observations. There was a significant association between an increased requirement for multiple brain passes and ventricular involvement in the trajectory (p < 0.01).

Conclusions
Planning an electrode trajectory that avoids the ventricles is a simple precaution that significantly improves the accuracy of anatomical targeting during electrode placement for deep brain stimulation. Avoidance of the ventricles appears to reduce the need for multiple passes through the brain to reach the desired target as defined by clinical and physiological observations.
Intravenous mesenchymal stem cell therapy for traumatic brain injury
Authors: Harting Matthew T. , Jimenez Fernando , Xue Hasan , Fischer Uwe M. , Baumgartner James , Dash Pramod K. , Cox Charles S. 
Published: March 2009

Object
Cell therapy has shown preclinical promise in the treatment of many diseases, and its application is being translated to the clinical arena. Intravenous mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy has been shown to improve functional recovery after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Herein, the authors report on their attempts to reproduce such observations, including detailed characterizations of the MSC population, non–bromodeoxyuridine-based cell labeling, macroscopic and microscopic cell tracking, quantification of cells traversing the pulmonary microvasculature, and well-validated measurement of motor and cognitive function recovery.

Methods
Rat MSCs were isolated, expanded in vitro, immunophenotyped, and labeled. Four million MSCs were intravenously infused into Sprague-Dawley rats 24 hours after receiving a moderate, unilateral controlled cortical impact TBI. Infrared macroscopic cell tracking was used to identify cell distribution. Immunohistochemical analysis of brain and lung tissues 48 hours and 2 weeks postinfusion revealed transplanted cells in these locations, and these cells were quantified. Intraarterial blood sampling and flow cytometry were used to quantify the number of transplanted cells reaching the arterial circulation. Motor and cognitive behavioral testing was performed to evaluate functional recovery.

Results
At 48 hours post–MSC infusion, the majority of cells were localized to the lungs. Between 1.5 and 3.7% of the infused cells were estimated to traverse the lungs and reach the arterial circulation, 0.295% reached the carotid artery, and a very small percentage reached the cerebral parenchyma (0.0005%) and remained there. Almost no cells were identified in the brain tissue at 2 weeks postinfusion. No motor or cognitive functional improvements in recovery were identified.

Conclusions
The intravenous infusion of MSCs appeared neither to result in significant acute or prolonged cerebral engraftment of cells nor to modify the recovery of motor or cognitive function. Less than 4% of the infused cells were likely to traverse the pulmonary microvasculature and reach the arterial circulation, a phenomenon termed the “pulmonary first-pass effect,” which may limit the efficacy of this therapeutic approach. The data in this study contradict the findings of previous reports and highlight the potential shortcomings of acute, single-dose, intravenous MSC therapy for TBI.
Evaluation of new radiolucent polymer headholder pins for use in intraoperative computed tomography
Authors: Ardeshiri Ardeshir , Radina Christian , Edlauer Martin , Ardeshiri Ardavan , Riepertinger Alfred , Nerlich Andreas , Tonn Jörg-Christian , Winkler Peter A. 
Published: March 2009

Object
With the introduction of intraoperative CT (iCT) scanning, neurosurgeons can now obtain images of the brain during surgery, offering the possibility of intraoperative resection control and monitoring of potential intraoperative complications. The combination of iCT with neuronavigation makes it possible to update the reference scans intraoperatively when necessary. However, the headholder pins normally used for iCT scanning still show artifacts. In the present study, new polymer pins, producing nearly no artifacts in laboratory tests, are compared with the usual pins with regard to their mechanical and artifact behavior to evaluate their potential use in the clinical routine.

Methods
Pins made of different materials (titanium, Macor, silicon nitride, zirconium oxide, sapphire, polyetheretherketone, and polyparaphenylene copolymer) were used for the fixation of 10 cadaveric heads. Special force sensors measured the fixation pressure of the pins, and histological analysis revealed the penetration depth. Computed tomography scans of a head phantom, fixed with the different pins, were obtained to reveal artifact behavior.

Results
All pins were biocompatible. Pins did not differ significantly in fixation pressures and mechanical behavior. Penetration depths were comparable (maximum 1.4 mm) and did not cause opening of the diploe. Polymer pins made of polyparaphenylene showed the best results in artifact behavior in CT scans.

Conclusions
The authors' results demonstrate that the new polymer pins are comparable in their mechanical behavior to the usual pins but superior in artifact behavior. Therefore, their use in the clinical routine of iCT scanning will be beneficial for the surgeon.
Predictors and outcome of seizures after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Yang Tzu-Ming , Lin Wei-Che , Chang Wen-Neng , Ho Jih-Tsun , Wang Hung-Chen , Tsai Nai-Wen , Shih Yi-Ting , Lu Cheng-Hsien 
Published: March 2009

Object
Seizures are an important neurological complication of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). A better understanding of the risk factors of seizures following ICH is needed to predict which patients will require treatment.

Methods
Two hundred and forty-three adult patients were enrolled in this 1-year retrospective study. Multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationship between baseline clinical factors and the presence or absence of seizure during the study period.

Results
Seizures occurred in 20 patients with ICH, including acute symptomatic seizures in 9 and unprovoked seizures in 11. None progressed to status epilepticus during hospitalization. After a minimum 3-year follow-up period, the mean Glasgow Outcome Scale score was 3.8 ± 1.1 for patients who had had seizures and 3.5 ± 1.3 for those who had not. The multiple logistic regression model demonstrated that the mean ICH volume was independently associated with seizures, and any increase of 1 mm3 in ICH volume increased the seizure rate by 2.7%.

Conclusions
Higher mean ICH volumes at presentation were predictive of seizure, and the presence of late seizures was predictive of developing epilepsy. Most seizures occurred within 2 years of spontaneous ICH over a minimum of 3 years of follow-up.
La mobilisation partisane de droite
Authors: Haegel Florence 
Published: March 2009

Résumé Sachant que le succès électoral de N. Sarkozy en 2007 prend ses racines dans la large mobilisation partisane qui l’a précédé, cet article analyse les logiques organisationnelles et sociales de l’adhésion à l’UMP en exploitant une enquête menée auprès des adhérents réunis en congrès en novembre 2004. Il met en lumière les traits spécifiques du lien partisan à l’UMP, tel qu’il est façonné par l’organisation. Moins investis dans la vie interne du parti que leurs homologues socialistes, les adhérents ont souvent en commun un engagement au contexte électoral, voire présidentiel. S’agissant des logiques sociales, l’article souligne à la fois l’importance des liens d’interconnaissance, la persistance des clivages classiques (qu’il s’agisse de la religion ou de l’opposition entre secteur privé et secteur public) et insiste sur la nécessité d’étudier la composante « populaire » de la droite organisée en examinant de plus près le monde de ces employés – nombreux, quoique sur bien des points atypiques – qui s’engagent à l’UMP.
Des vocations intéressées ?
Authors: Dechezelles Stéphanie 
Published: March 2009

Résumé À la différence de la plupart des partis de « gauche » comme de « droite », certains jeunes militants de Forza Italia n’hésitent pas à présenter leur engagement comme un moyen d’accéder à des rétributions d’ordre matériel et/ou symbolique. Contrastant fortement avec le modèle désormais classique des rétributions – qui suppose un déni de l’intérêt militant pour toute forme de récompense dernière autre que la victoire de la cause, une mise en avant du sacrifice et la primauté aux motivations idéologiques – les discours de ces jeunes berlusconiens recueillis par entretiens au début du second gouvernement Berlusconi (2001-2006) invitent à reconsidérer les acquis de la sociologie de l’engagement. Néanmoins, derrière la promotion d’un activisme de type entrepreneurial demeurent les difficultés, les risques en cas d’échec individuel, les regrets devant le faible degré d’activités collectives de socialisation, la fragilité des positions acquises qu’implique un tel mode d’engagement. Au final, le modèle des vocations intéressées que les jeunes de Forza Italia enquêtés incarnent reflète les transformations plus générales affectant les systèmes politiques démocratiques.
« Militants et populaires ! » une organisation de jeunesse sarkozyste en campagne
Authors: Bargel Lucie , Petitfils Anne-Sophie 
Published: March 2009

Résumé Avec la conquête du parti par N. Sarkozy et la perspective de l’élection présidentielle de 2007, les Jeunes populaires (JP), la fédération des moins de trente ans de l’UMP, prennent une place centrale dans son affichage « militant ». À partir d’une enquête par questionnaires, menée lors des Universités d’été des JP en septembre 2006, et de nos terrains d’enquête respectifs, ce travail étudie les effets de l’activation d’une offre conjoncturelle de militantisme par les directions de l’UMP et des JP sur le rapport à l’engagement de ces jeunes de droite. Après avoir analysé la diversité de leurs appropriations pratiques et symboliques de cette identité « militante », il s’attache aux mécanismes de division sociale du travail et de sélection des cadres de l’organisation.
Analyse de la littérature francophone portant sur l'intervention de l'entraîneur sportif, publiée entre 1988 et 2007
Authors: Cloes Marc , Lenzen Benoît , Trudel Pierre 
Published: March 2009

Résumé La recherche sur l’intervention en milieu sportif devrait logiquement bénéficier directement aux praticiens qui pourraient ainsi s’en nourrir pour enrichir leur action. Si une analyse de la littérature anglophone a été réalisée (Gilbert & Trudel, 2004), rien ne permet actuellement de caractériser le corpus de références disponible en langue française. Nous avons répertorié les articles parus pendant les 20 dernières années et les avons analysés en vue de comparer les résultats avec ceux de l’étude centrée sur les publications anglophones. Parmi les dimensions prises en compte figurent l’objet de recherche, la méthodologie générale, les instruments de collecte de données utilisés mais aussi les caractéristiques des participants concernés et du contexte d’entraînement. La fréquence annuelle de publication des articles francophones est dix fois moins importante, notamment en raison du nombre restreint de revues disponibles. L’analyse des 48 articles répertoriés indique, entre autres, (a) que l’objet de recherche le plus étudié est le comportement de l’entraîneur (60,4 %), (b) qu’il y a presque autant de recherches quantitatives (43,8 %) que qualitatives (41,7 %), (c) que l’entrevue est l’instrument de collecte de données le plus utilisé (41,7 %), et que (d) les entraîneurs masculins sont plus souvent les participants impliqués dans les études (37,5 %). Dans la discussion, nous soulignons le risque majeur de voir se creuser le fossé entre les chercheurs et les praticiens.
L'emploi dans le sport associatif et fédéral
Authors: Falcoz Marc , Walter Emmanuelle 
Published: March 2009

Résumé À partir d’une lecture critique de la littérature portant sur les dynamiques de professionnalisation dans le monde associatif sportif, l’objectif de cet article vise à questionner les divergences et les convergences théoriques et empiriques de ces approches et propose une typologie de trois groupes de travaux. Ainsi, si le premier groupe réunit des recherches objectivant un développement de l’emploi au sein des associations sportives en lien avec l’essor des enjeux socio-économiques relatifs à cette pratique sociale, le second groupe rassemble des travaux qui tentent de modéliser les transformations en cours, et notamment la complexification du paysage associatif sportif liée à la pénétration croissante de dynamiques managériales et économiques. Le troisième groupe, quant à lui, fédère des travaux qui remettent plus ou moins en cause la légitimité même d’une interprétation des dynamiques observées en termes de « professionnalisation ». Constatant la persistance d’un système associatif et fédéral fondé sur la primauté des structures et valeurs bénévoles et sur la « passion », ces recherches mettent en évidence des formes récurrentes de déni du travail et de l’emploi rémunéré au sein d’un mouvement sportif français fortement marqué par l’inertie.
Filles et garçons en EPS : approche descriptive des interactions verbales entre enseignant-e et élèves
Authors: Trottin Benoîte , Cogérino Geneviève 
Published: March 2009

Résumé Une abondante littérature anglo-saxonne a mis en évidence que les filles et les garçons vivaient des interactions différentes avec leur enseignant : les garçons bénéficient d’interactions, d’informations et de critiques plus nombreuses. L’étude réplique les études antérieures sur un corpus de 17 séances, animées par 6 hommes et 5 femmes avec 185 filles et 195 garçons, et portant sur des activités physiques variées. Les différences constatées en fonction du sexe des élèves sont plus faibles que celles attendues. Les garçons participent à des interactions plus nombreuses uniquement si l’on prend en compte les incidents disciplinaires qu’ils créent. Garçons et filles ne se différencient pas sur la nature des feed-backs qu’ils reçoivent de l’enseignant. Ces résultats sont discutés en fonction des tests statistiques utilisés, des modalités de codage des interactions, des activités physiques support des séances et du contexte éducatif français.