bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Diagnostic Potential of Hemoglobin-Platelet and Lymphocyte- Monocyte Ratios for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Buckman Tonnies Abeku , Sakyi Samuel Asamoah , Yorke Joseph , Laryea Jonathan , Nagalo Bolni Marius , Senu Ebenezer , Effah Alfred , Yorke Dennis Afful , Addei Akwasi Minnah , Osei-Bonsu Ernest , Boakye Emelia Osei , Acheampong Emmanuel 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Colorectal cancer ranks as the third most diagnosed and second most lethal cancer globally. The challenge of early detection, essential for better outcomes, lies in the often non-specific or absent early symptoms, resulting in low diagnosis rates, particularly in resource-limited settings. For the first time, This study pioneers the evaluation of the diagnostic utility of hematological parameters, specifically the lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR) and the hemoglobin-platelet ratio (HPR), in pre-operative CRC patients in Ghana.
Method
This unmatched case control study recruited 50 CRC patients pathologically diagnosed colorectal cancer and 50 healthy controls. Venous blood samples were collected for laboratory analyses using Beckmann780. All statistical analyses were performed using R Statistical Software (v4.3.2; R Core Team The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and logistics regression model were used to assess the individual and combined diagnostic value of haematological parameters in detecting CRC at significance levels of p-value of < 0.05 and .95% confidence interval.
Results
The mean age of cases (55.92 years) was significantly higher than controls (37.92 years) (p < 0.0001). The clinical presentation of CRC patients wa mainlychanges in bowl (48.0%) and bleeding per rectum (42.0%). Colon cancer represented 58% of cases while rectal cancer represented 42%. Adenocarcinoma was the most common histologic type(100%). CRC patients had significantly lower levels of lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (p < 0.0001), haemoglobin-platelet ratio (p < 0.0001) and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (p < 0.05) compared to controls. At a cut-off of ≤ 0.068, HPR was the diagnostic marker for detecting CRC with high sensitivity of 81.6%, specificity of 98.0%, a positive predictive value of 97.6%, and a negative predictive value of 84.5% as well as area under the curve and accuracy of 91.6% and 89.9% respectively. HPR in combination with LMR (cOR: 3106682390.00, 95% CI: (0.00-inf); p = 0.9988) showed a significant increased chances of detecting CRC among study subjects.
Conclusion
The study identifies HPR as a potent standalone diagnostic marker for CRC and underscores its improved diagnostic efficacy when combined with LMR. This combination offers a cost-effective and accurate diagnostic tool for CRC, especially valuable in settings with limited resources.
Wildfire Towers Drive Firebrand Lofting: Insights from Coupled Fire-Atmosphere Model Simulations
Authors: Kumar Mukesh , Josephson Alexander , Koo Eunmo , Linn Rod 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Previous studies have highlighted the complexity of wildfire behavior, emphasizing the significance of firebrand dynamics in contributing to the spread and severity of wildfires. While these studies provide foundational knowledge, the specific role of wildland fires' towers and troughs in firebrand lofting has never been addressed. This work aims to illustrate the intricate relationship between the wildland fire tower and trough phenomena and firebrand lofting. Through physics-based simulations, we show the presence of wildland fire towers and troughs drives the spatial distribution of generated firebrands as well as the vertical trajectory of lofted firebrands. We found that the majority of firebrands (78.85 %) get lofted from wildfire towers which are the regions of updrafts while the remaining firebrands enter into troughs during the lofting process which severally limits the height and distance that they travel. The results of this study are helpful for foresters and land managers in planning as well for researchers in advancing the existing model capabilities that can save communities and enhance the safety of firefighters from wind-driven fires where there are higher risk of spot fires.
Stress-Modulated Control of TCF and Frequency Shift in 4H-SiC Beam Resonators for Enhanced Thermal Stability
Authors: Long Yaoyao , Liu Zhenming , Jiang Xinyu , Li Ningxin , Ayazi Farrokh 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Precision time and frequency references are critical components in electronic devices, impacting sectors such as wireless communications, global positioning systems, and network synchronization. While quartz-based oscillators have historically dominated the market, micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) resonators are emerging as potential successors, albeit with challenges related to thermal frequency drifts. This paper presents doubly-clamped beam resonators in monocrystalline 4H-silicon carbide (4H-SiC), showcasing a tunable local zero Temperature Coefficient of Frequency (TCF) across a wide temperature range. Our novel approach employs axial stress to counteract temperature-induced softening in the 4H-SiC beam, leveraging the unique attributes of a 4H-SiC on insulator (SiCOI) substrate with a silicon handle layer. By manipulating the beam’s geometrical dimensions, we demonstrate the capability to define the TCF turnover point from -20°C to 100°C and tailor the overall frequency shift. The fabrication process ensures strong covalent interlayer bonds in the 4H-SiCOI substrate, eliminating frequency hysteresis and enhancing yield and stability metrics. We conducted comprehensive short- and long-term stability tests, showing that our resonators exhibit negligible frequency hysteresis across temperature cycles and exceptional long-term stability. Our findings enrich the current understanding of 4H-SiC MEMS resonator thermal stability and pave the way for future innovations in timekeeping and frequency reference technologies. This study underscores the potential of stress-modulated 4H-SiC resonators as reliable, efficient, and versatile instruments for advanced precision timing applications.
Research on the grouting plugging mechanism of layered jointed rock mass based on the time-varying yield stress of grout
Authors: Zhe Yalei , Hou Kepeng , Wang Zongyong , Yang Shifei , Yu Yunlin , Yang Yong 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The key to successfully treating water disasters with grouting is the diffusion range and the grout's ultimate efficient retention in the cracks; the gel qualities of the grout are crucial in this process of diffusion plugging. In earlier research, the time-varying viscosity of grout was given more attention than the yield stress, which is also subject to variation that grout must pass through to migrate. Groundwater migrates and stores through the interlayer opening fissure and vertical connecting fissure in the stratified jointed physical and chemical rock mass. The impact of plugging is only sometimes complete when the grouting is halted after filling the water-conducting crack. The grout will sink and cause grouting plugging faults and failure to meet water control criteria when its dead weight exceeds the yield stress in the vertical fissure. Studying how time-varying yield stress affects the grouting sealing mechanism during grouting is therefore crucial. This work introduces the notion of grouting diffusion decay and establishes a theoretical model based on the time-varying yield stress of grout. The steady pressure time during grouting is the key to ensuring the dispersion and ultimate retention of grout in the space range. The lowest stable pressure time for grouting and the change function for the height of decay are determined. A 3D visualization laboratory test instrument for grouting diffusion decay of layered jointed physical and chemical rock mass is constructed to confirm that the theoretical model is accurate. According to the research findings, the grouting duration can be reasonably planned, and efficiency can be increased while guaranteeing the grouting's sealing effect. This is crucial to developing the theoretical framework of grouting technology.
Longitudinal Association between Hemoglobin and Lung Function with Insights into the Incidence of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: An Observational Study
Authors: Kim Jihoon , Kim Yun Tae , Leem Ah Young , Jung Ji Ye , Kim Young Sam , Park Youngmok 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Evidence regarding the long-term association between hemoglobin (Hb) level and lung function in healthy individuals is scarce. This study aimed to determine the longitudinal association between Hb level and lung function in a community-based population cohort in South Korea.
Methods
We used linear mixed regression analysis to evaluate the longitudinal associations between Hb levels and lung function parameters, including forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), and FEV1/FVC. Additionally, we used a generalized estimating equation to calculate the odds ratio (OR) of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) according to Hb level.
Results
Over an 8-year biennial follow-up of 4,468 patients (median age, 53.9 years; men, 49.0%), we observed that in men, Hb levels were positively associated with lung function (estimated values of FVC: 16.7 mL, FEV1: 15.5 mL, FEV1/FVC: 0.18%; all P < 0.001) and a decreased incidence of COPD (OR = 0.83, P < 0.001). In women, Hb levels were positively associated with FVC but not with FEV1 or FEV1/FVC (estimated values of FVC: 4.7 mL, P = 0.045; FEV1: 3.1 mL, P = 0.142; FEV1/FVC: 0.01%, P = 0.838). The incidence of COPD was not significantly different among women (OR = 0.93, P = 0.568). In postmenopausal women, higher Hb levels were associated with increased lung function (estimated values of FVC: 11.8 mL, P < 0.001; FEV1: 9.8 mL, P < 0.001; FEV1/FVC: 0.09%, P = 0.052), but the incidence of COPD was not statistically significant (OR = 0.93, P = 0.568).
Conclusions
A decreased Hb level was associated with reduced lung function and an increased incidence of COPD in men.
Intraductal laser ablation during ductoscopy in patients with pathological nipple discharge
Authors: Makineli Seher , Vriens Menno R. , Diest Paul J. , Witkamp Arjen J. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background: Ductoscopy is a minimally invasive micro-endoscopic approach for direct visualization and removal of intraductal lesions of the breast. A challenge of ductoscopy is an adequate treatment of intraductal lesions by complete removal to prevent exploratory duct excision surgery. This study aimed to determine the in vivo feasibility of intraductal laser ablation during ductoscopy to remove intraductal lesions in patients suffering from pathological nipple discharge (PND).
Methods: A prospective, single-center diagnostic feasibility trial was conducted between October 2022 and November 2023, enrolling adult women with unilateral PND and no radiological suspicion of malignancy. Intraductal laser ablation was performed after incomplete intraductal biopsy using a Thulium laser.
Results: Duct cannulation and subsequent ductoscopic exploration were successful in 21 patients revealing an intraductal lesion in 13 patients (61.9%). From these 13 patients, 9 patients (69.2%) underwent intraductal laser ablation due to a residual lesion after biopsy. Pathology of the removed intraductal lesions showed a papilloma in eight (88.9%) patients and a papilloma/DCIS combination in one patient (11.1%). Post-procedure, PND stopped in 77.8% of the patients (7/9). Two patients had recurrent PND complaints caused by a residual lesion.
Conclusion: Intraductal laser ablation during ductoscopy in patients with papillary lesions seems to be feasible and safe. The Thulium laser enables ablation of residual lesions and is therefore suitable for an immediate second intervention after ductoscopic removal of intraductal lesions. Further refinement and validation in a follow up clinical trial are necessary to further assess its therapeutic efficacy.
Transfer Learning Model forAnomalous Event Recognition in Big Video Data
Authors: Adel Roqaia , Youssif Aliaa , Mostafa Mohamed 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The primary objective of this research was to enhance video surveillance through the frequent utilization of anomalous event recognition techniques by incorporating transfer learning for recognizing human activity. Every community was extremely concerned with ensuring individual security due to the growing varieties of activities that could cause injury, from malicious acts to accidents. Standard CCTV proved insufficient due to the cost of constant monitoring and the decreasing focus of human operators over time. Automated security systems with real-time anomalous event recognition were essential to solve these problems. In this paper, ResNet50, VGG19, EfficientNetB7, and ViT\_b16 models were used. These models were specifically designed to recognize anomalous events in surveillance videos. To streamline video processing, a semantic key frame extraction algorithm based on action recognition was utilized to minimize the number of frames. The algorithm leveraged enhanced features to analyze real-time anomalous events such as arrests and assaults. The proposed method recognized the difficulty presented by the large volume of frames generated by surveillance videos, requiring effective processing methods. To address the challenge of processing big video data, advanced techniques for managing and analyzing extensive video datasets were incorporated. Including both abnormal and normal video during the training and testing phase, a large number of videos in the UCF-Crime dataset were utilized for model evaluation. EfficientNetB7 achieved 86.34\% accuracy, VGG19 reached 87.90\%, ResNet50 attained 90.46\%, and ViT\_b16 outperformed with 95.87\% accuracy, with the transformer model (ViT\_b16) achieving the best result. These findings illustrated the effectiveness of the proposed method in addressing the complexities of anomalous event recognition in video surveillance applications, particularly in handling the large frames generated by surveillance videos.
Development of Cadmium doped Nickel polymer nano composites for enhanced NH₃ gas sensing applications
Authors: KA Vishnumurthy , N Dhivyadharshini N , S Varun D , Kumar S Dilip , J Basavaraj R 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Synthesis and characterization of cadmium-doped nickel (Cd-Ni) nanocomposites integrated with polyaniline (PANI) for advanced ammonia (NH₃) gas sensing applications. The Cd-Ni nanocomposites were synthesized via a solution combustion synthesis (SCS) method, providing a facile and efficient route to obtain homogeneous materials. The composites were further incorporated with PANI to enhance their gas sensing properties. Structural, morphological, and compositional properties were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Gas sensing performance was evaluated at various NH₃ concentrations and operating temperatures. The Cd-Ni/PANI sensors demonstrated significantly enhanced sensitivity, selectivity, and rapid response/recovery times compared to undoped NiO and Cd-Ni sensors. The improved gas sensing characteristics are attributed to the synergistic effects of cadmium doping and the conductive polymer matrix, which introduces additional active sites and modifies the electronic properties of the nanocomposite. These findings suggest that Cd-Ni/PANI composites are promising candidates for efficient and reliable NH₃ gas sensors, potentially advancing applications in environmental monitoring and industrial safety.
LST1 Expression Correlates with Immune Infiltration and Predicts Poor Prognosis in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Xu Haitao , Chen Dangui , Zhong Long , Wang Lihong , Chen Fei , Lu Jia 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Clinical management of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) poses significant challenges due to its poor prognosis and heterogeneous nature. Discovering new biomarkers is crucial for improving risk assessment and customizing treatment approaches. While leukocyte-specific transcript 1 (LST1) is implicated in inflammation and immune regulation, its function in AML remains ambiguous. In this investigation, we conduct a comprehensive investigation into LST1 expression profiles, clinical implications, functional pathways, and immune interactions in AML, leveraging multi-omics data and experimental validations. Our examination shows increased levels of LST1 expression in AML when compared to regular hematopoietic tissues, a discovery validated by RT-qPCR and Western blot analyses in a separate group. Elevated LST1 levels correlate with distinct clinicopathological features, including increased white blood cell counts, non-M3 FAB subtype, and intermediate/poor cytogenetic risk. Importantly, heightened LST1 levels predict unfavorable overall survival outcomes across various subgroups, independently of age and cytogenetic risk. We develop an integrative nomogram incorporating LST1 expression, demonstrating robust prognostic efficacy for patient survival. Transcriptomic profiling identifies 275 differentially expressed genes between LST1-high and -low AML cases, enriched in cytokine signaling, immune modulation, cell adhesion, and oncogenic pathways. Furthermore, LST1 exhibits significant associations with the infiltration of diverse immune cell subsets within the AML microenvironment, particularly myeloid cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs). In conclusion, our study establishes LST1 as a novel prognostic indicator with immunological relevance in AML, emphasizing its potential therapeutic implications. Further mechanistic elucidation of LST1 in AML pathogenesis is crucial for its clinical translation.
A highly-sensitive portable electrochemical sensor based on MWCNTs functionalized Au@Cu-MOF for environmental hormone bisphenol A
Authors: Hu Wentao , Hu Sicheng , Liu Yuhang , Wang Qizheng , Qi Siyao , Xia Yitian , Guo Siqin , Wen Yangping , Tan Guixia 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an environmental hormone that is widely utilized in daily life like food containers and hygiene items, which may enter human body through food or direct contact, causing human health and safety. Thus, developing a portable electrochemical sensor for the sensitive detection of BPA in water samples is very important and interesting. We here created a gold nanoparticle (AuNP) functionalized copper metal organic framework (Au@Cu-MOF) doped with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) nanocomposite (Au@Cu-MOF/MWCNTs) to develop a portable electrochemical sensor for the sensitive detection of BPA in water samples. This sensing electrode coupled superior large surface area and high conductivity of MWCNTs, the unique catalytic characteristics of AuNP with controlled size and the regular octahedral geometry framework of Cu-MOF. The electrochemical performance of Au@Cu-MOF/MWCNTs-based screen-printed carbon electrode was characterized and studied using electrochemical techniques, which demonstrated higher reproducibility, satisfactory stability and excellent anti-interference capability. The developed portable sensor displayed good linear range 0.1–20.0 µM, satisfactory recoveries (94.04% − 102.7%) and relative standard deviation within 2.13% − 5.65%. The proposed method will be very promising for highly-sensitive portable electrochemical detection of water samples anytime and anywhere.
Delivery of Moringa oleifera Extract via PLA-PEG-FA/Chitosan-PLA NPs into Breast Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Noruzpour Mehran , Zakaria Rasool Asghari , Zare Nasser , Bourang Shima , Ebrahimi Hossein Ali , Granados-Principal Sergio 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Nanotechnology offers a promising solution for overcoming chemotherapy challenges in cancer treatment by enabling targeted drug delivery. Moringa oleifera Lam. containing significant medicinal compounds, is known for its anticancer and antioxidant characteristics. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of polymeric PLA-PEG-FA/Chitosan-PLA nanoparticles on targeted delivery of this plant’s extract and their effects on the growth and viability of cancer cell lines. Aqueous extracts were obtained from plant and callus tissues of M. oleifera. A solvent diffusion technique was employed to prepare PLA-PEG-FA/PLA-Chitosan nanoparticles. The copolymers were encapsulated with moringa aqueous extract, its callus extract, and pure quercetin. The physicochemical characteristics of nanoparticles were evaluated. Finally, drug encapsulation efficiency, drug release, in vitro cytotoxicity, and cell apoptosis analysis were conducted to study the drug delivery efficiency to MCF-7 and BT-549 breast cancer cell lines. PLA-PEG-FA/PLA-Chitosan nanoparticles synthesized exhibit a spherical shape with an average size of 230 nm and a zeta potential of -6.4 mV. The spectrophotometric assessment revealed that drug release was more pronounced at acidic pH. The water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) assay demonstrated the biocompatibility of the drug nanocarriers and their low toxicity. Furthermore, the highest percentage of pre- and post-apoptotic cells was detected in the BT-549 cell line treated with PLA-PEG-FA/Chitosan-PLA/Quercetin nanoparticles (31.2 and 7.15%, respectively). it was concluded that PLA-Chitosan and PLA-PEG-FA/Chitosan-PLA copolymers nanoparticles exhibit a high capability for the targeted delivery of Quercetin, the anticancer compounds present in the Moringa water extract (from plant and callus tissue) towards cancer cells.
Detection of Selection Signatures in some of the Water Buffaloes across the World
Authors: Ahmadieh Hamidreza , Ghaffari Mokhtar , Mokhber Mahdi , Williams John L 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

In order to identify the selection signatures of the water buffalos across the world, the genomic information of 165 buffalos which belonged to 15 genetic groups of buffaloes was used. The genomic information was obtained from Dryad (doi:10.5061/dryad.h0cc7). The quality control and data filtration were performed using PLINK1.9 software. The genetic clustering and the population structure was examined using the GenABEL and Admixture1.23 software's, respectively. The results of principal component analysis showed that the examined populations could be classified into 4 separate categories. The results of population structure analysis confirmed the results of principal components analysis. The signatures of selection were searched with the help of iHS statistics using the ReHH software. Moreover, the unbiased FST (θ) estimator was calculated using the Plink1.9 software. The 25 and 24 genomic regions, which passed the unbiased FST and iHS statistics thresholds, were identified as selection cues, respectively. Selected regions were aligned on the bovine genome and 411 genes related to selected regions were identified. Of all the identified genes, 53 genes related to olfactory receptors (OR), 51 genes somehow involved in cell membrane structure and animal immunity against pathogens including initiate and regulate the immune response. The identified QTLs related to detected regions, were associated with milk production, milk somatic cells, fertility, ion disease, calving and growth. There is an acceptable consistent between the milk and fat production genes and the related identified QTLs.