bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elemental abundance analyses with Coudé Echelle spectrograms from the TÜBİTAK National Observatory of Turkey: I. The HgMn stars 11 Per, HR 2801, and ν Cnc
Authors: Adelman S.J. , Yüce K. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractUsing coadded spectrograms taken with the Coudé Echelle Spectrograph (CES) of the 1.50‐m Russian‐Turkish Telescope of the TÜBİTAK National Observatory (TUG) near Antalya in Turkey, elemental abundance analyses of three HgMn stars 11 Per, HR 2801, and ν Cnc were performed. Comparisons are made with spectra obtained with the long camera of the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory (DAO) coudé spectrograph and its SITe4 CCD. The CES equivalent widths are about 12% larger than that for the DAO long camera. Our first results from TUG data/spectra show that all three stars exhibit the Hg II λ3984 line and somewhat diverse abundance patterns. 11 Per tends to have underabundant light elements with underabundant and overabundant Fe‐peak elements. HR 2801 has mostly underabundant elements, with a few elements having solar abundances while N and Mn are overabundant. The coolest star ν Cnc has light elements having mostly solar abundances, overabundant iron group abundances, and very overabundant SrYZr and Ba. Comparisons with the abundance patterns of other HgMn stars show that they have a wide diversity of abundance patterns (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Templated Chemistry for Sequence‐Specific Fluorogenic Detection of Duplex DNA
Authors: Li Hao , Franzini Raphael M. , Bruner Christopher , Kool Eric T. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe describe the development of templated fluorogenic chemistry for detection of specific sequences of duplex DNA in solution. In this approach, two modified homopyrimidine oligodeoxynucleotide probes are designed to bind by triple‐helix formation at adjacent positions on a specific purine‐rich target sequence of duplex DNA. One fluorescein‐labeled probe contains an α‐azidoether linker to a fluorescence quencher; the second (trigger) probe carries a triarylphosphine group that is designed to reduce the azide and cleave the linker. The data showed that at pH 5.6 these probes yielded a strong fluorescence signal within minutes on addition to a complementary homopurine duplex DNA target. The signal increased by a factor of about 60, and was completely dependent on the presence of the target DNA. Replacement of cytosine in the probes with pseudoisocytosine allowed the templated chemistry to proceed readily at pH 7. Single nucleotide mismatches in the target oligonucleotide slowed the templated reaction considerably; this demonstrated high sequence selectivity. The use of templated fluorogenic chemistry for detection of duplex DNAs has not been previously reported and could allow detection of double‐stranded DNA, at least for homopurine–homopyrimidine target sites, under native and nondenaturing conditions.
High‐Yielding Synthesis of the Anti‐Influenza Neuraminidase Inhibitor (−)‐Oseltamivir by Two “One‐Pot” Sequences
Authors: Ishikawa Hayato , Suzuki Takaki , Orita Hideo , Uchimaru Tadafumi , Hayashi Yujiro 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe efficient asymmetric total synthesis of (−)‐oseltamivir, an antiviral reagent, has been accomplished by using two “one‐pot” reaction sequences, with excellent overall yield (60 %) and only one required purification by column chromatography. The first one‐pot reaction sequence consists of a diphenylprolinol silyl ether mediated asymmetric Michael reaction, a domino Michael reaction/Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reaction combined with retro‐aldol/Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reaction and retro Michael reactions, a thiol Michael reaction, and a base‐catalyzed isomerization. Six reactions can be successfully conducted in the second one‐pot reaction sequence; these are deprotection of a tert‐butyl ester and its conversion into an acyl chloride then an acyl azide, Curtius rearrangement, amide formation, reduction of a nitro group into an amine, and a retro Michael reaction of a thiol moiety. A column‐free synthesis of (−)‐oseltamivir has also been established.
A Facile Route to Metal Nitride Clusterfullerenes by Using Guanidinium Salts: A Selective Organic Solid as the Nitrogen Source
Authors: Yang Shangfeng , Zhang Lin , Zhang Wenfeng , Dunsch Lothar 
Published: September 2010

AbstractUsing guanidinium salts 1 and 2 as the new nitrogen sources, metal nitride clusterfullerenes (NCFs) based on a variety of metals (Dy, Sc, Y, Gd, Lu, and mixed metals Sc/Dy, Sc/Gd, Sc/Lu, and Lu/Ce) have been synthesized based on a new “selective organic solid” (SOS) route. The synthesis of Dy‐NCFs by using Dy/1 was studied in detail, and the optimum molar ratio of 1/Dy/C has been determined to be 2.5:1:10. For several representative metals such as Sc, Y, Gd, Dy, and Sc/Dy, we quantitatively compared the yield of M3N@C80 synthesized by the SOS route with the reported “reactive gas atmosphere” route, thereby indicating that the yield of M3N@C80 by using 1 could be comparable to that obtained by the reactive gas atmosphere route. Three other nitrogen sources (3–5) were also studied for comparison, which were mixed with Dy metal but did not result in the formation of Dy‐NCF. A possible reaction scheme for the solid‐state reaction of 1, metal, and graphite is proposed. The SOS route appears to be a general route for the synthesis of NCFs that promises both high selectivity of NCFs and high reproducibility of the fullerene yield. Another advantages of the SOS route compared to the reported “trimetallic nitride template” (TNT) process and the reactive gas atmosphere route is that no additional heating pretreatment is needed, thus simplifying the procedure and being much more facile.
A General Synthesis of Alkenyl‐Substituted Benzofurans, Indoles, and Isoquinolones by Cascade Palladium‐Catalyzed Heterocyclization/Oxidative Heck Coupling
Authors: Álvarez Rosana , Martínez Claudio , Madich Youssef , Denis J. Gabriel , Aurrecoechea José M. , de Lera Ángel R. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractStructurally diverse C3‐alkenylbenzofurans, C3‐alkenylindoles, and C4‐alkenylisoquinolones are efficiently prepared by using consecutive Sonogashira and cascade Pd‐catalyzed heterocyclization/oxidative Heck couplings from readily available ortho‐iodosubstituted phenol, aniline, and benzamide substrates, alkynes, and functionalized olefins. The cyclization of O‐ and N‐heteronucleophiles follows regioselective 5‐endo‐dig‐ or 6‐endo‐dig‐cyclization modes, whereas the subsequent Heck‐type coupling with both mono‐ and disubstituted olefins takes place stereoselectively with exclusive formation of the E isomers in most cases.
Cyclization of Zincated α‐N‐Homoallylamino Nitriles: A New Entry to Enantiopure 2,3‐Methanopyrrolidines
Authors: Ouizem Sabrina , Cheramy Sandrine , Botuha Candice , Chemla Fabrice , Ferreira Franck , Pérez‐Luna Alejandro 
Published: September 2010

AbstractStereoselective cyclization of zincated α‐N‐homoallylamino nitriles has been developed. Following treatment with lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) and transmetalation with zinc bromide, α‐N‐(1‐phenylethyl)‐N‐homoallylamino nitriles lead to 2,3‐methanopyrrolidines in moderate to good yields (up to 66 %) and excellent selectivities (up to >98:2). With substrates derived from α‐branched homoallylic amines, a stereospecific inversion of the homoallylic stereogenic center was observed. To account for this, a mechanistic rationale involving the formation of zincioiminium ions from zincated α‐amino nitriles is put forward. 2,3‐Methanopyrrolidines should then arise from a sequence involving an aza‐Cope rearrangement providing a configurationally stable (2‐azoniaallyl)zinc species that then undergoes a [3+2] cycloaddition reaction.
Decision‐making biases and affective states: their potential impact on best practice innovations
Authors: smith faye l. , Stone Thomas H. , Kisamore Jennifer L. , Jawahar I. M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractContributions from the decision‐making literature concerning biases and heuristics (i.e., anchoring, framing, confirmatory and availability biases, overconfidence, and representativeness) and from the Affect Infusion Model (Forgas, 1995) are integrated into Rogers's (2003) conceptualization of the stages of innovation adoption and diffusion. Specific propositions based on the decision‐making and affect literatures are made in relation to each stage of the innovation process (knowledge of innovation, persuasion, decision, implementation, and confirmation) to better understand the likelihood of a manager making an informed and appropriate decision concerning the adoption and implementation of best practices. Copyright © 2010 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quality of Service on Grid: architectural and methodological issues
Authors: Merlo A. , Clematis A. , Corana A. , Gianuzzi V. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe rapid evolution of Grid Computing and the development of new middleware services make Grid platforms increasingly used not only for best effort scientific jobs but also in industrial and business applications. This has taken to the growing demand of Quality of Service (QoS) support. However, the QoS issue on Grid is quite difficult, as Grid has been originally designed without any QoS support, and it is a complex system. During the previous years some solutions have been proposed to supply QoS for specific classes of applications. This results in a focused and a heterogeneous approach, so that it is hard to evaluate its sufficiency and its robustness with respect to the large spectrum of possible Grid applications. In this context, our contribution concerns three points: first, we analyze the current approach to QoS on Grid as a relationship among QoS features, applications, and architectures; second, we evaluate the QoS requirements of two recent QoS‐demanding applications on Grid, namely Massive Multiplayer Online Games and Urgent Computing, comparing these requirements with the support provided by current QoS architectures; and third, we propose an alternative approach to QoS provision on Grid based on the definition of a dedicated QoS‐management layer to overcome the limitations of the current methodologies. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study of phosphoric acid crystallization using a focused beam reflectance measurement method
Authors: Ma Yong , Chen Kui , Wu Yanyang , Zhu Jiawen , Sheng Yong 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA way for restoring the crystal size distributions (CSD) from measured chord length distributions (CLD) was reported in this paper. The kinetics of phosphoric acid crystallization process was investigated in cooling mode using focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM) and digital photo technique. In order to restore the CSD from measured CLD and verify the reliability of FBRM data, digital photo technique in real time and optical microscope were applied in large crystal size and small range, respectively. Results indicated a converting constant A existed between CLD and CSD when crystal growth follows size‐independent growth (Mcabe's ΔL law) law. It was verified by Malvern particles size analysis method. The converting constant A varied with crystal morphology. The crystal growth order increased with the stirring increasing speed during phosphoric acid crystallization process. The trend was especially notable at higher speed situations. It can illustrate that the state of phosphoric acid hemihydrate crystal growth was controlled by both diffusion and surface‐integration with the increasing stirring speed. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Preparation and characterization of Si modified Ge9 cluster
Authors: Ren Tiezhen , Xiao Pengyan , Xing Xiang‐Ying , Christensen K. E. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractOpen‐framework germanates show interesting pore structures due to their flexible building units. Germanates with different topology built from the Ge9 cluster can be prepared in several amine systems. This paper reports, the Si modified germanate ICMM6 (denoted as HUT‐2) prepared in ethylene diamine solution through a hydrothermal synthesis route. HUT‐2 is a silicogermanate with space group C2221 (a=12.1299(6) Å, b=13.9329(11) Å, c=14.2205(6) Å, V=2403.33(25) Å3) formed by the Si modified Ge9 cluster. A variation of unit cell parameters is observed that is in accordance with Si‐content. Powder X‐ray diffraction, ICP and TGA‐DSC analysis were recorded to determine the Si‐composition at the tetrahedral sites. Structure refinements against the X‐ray powder diffraction (XRPD) pattern determined the occupancy of Si at the two tetrahedral sites. An approximate Si/Ge ratio of 0.13‐0.18 is obtained based on these characterizations. TGA‐DSC analysis showed obvious weight loss of amine at 315 °C, which is higher than the reported pure germanate ICMM6. This further confirms the existence of Si within the structure of HUT‐2. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
X‐ray, synchrotron, and neutron diffraction analysis of Roman cavalry parade helmet fragment
Authors: Smrčok L'. , Petrík I. , Langer V. , Filinchuk Y. , Beran P. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA partially corroded fragment of the neck guard of a Roman cavalry helmet excavated in the former military camp of Gerulata, a part of the Limes Romanus on the River Danube, was analysed by laboratory X‐ray, synchrotron and neutron powder diffraction. The approximate phase composition determined by the neutron diffraction of the bulk, 82% (wt) of the copper alloy phase, 12 % (wt) of cuprite and 6% of nantokite indicate a significant degree of corrosion of the artefact. Elemental EDX analysis of cleaned surface showed that the chemical composition of the original alloy is 78 to 82 % (wt) of Cu and 21.4 to 16.5 % of Zn with minute amounts of Sn, Si and S. High contents of Cu and Zn with the negligible amount of Sn showed that the body of the helmet was made of brass and not of bronze as expected before. The amount of zinc in the copper alloy calculated from the refined lattice parameter agrees fairly well with the value determined by EDX. The most abundant phase in the synchrotron powder diffraction pattern of the corrosion products scrapped from the artefact is cuprite, but presence of atacamite, malachite, brochantite, nantokite, mixed Cu‐Zn hydroxyl carbonates and probably also of simonkolleite (Zn5(OH)8Cl2·H2O) have been detected. In contrast, the X‐ray pattern taken directly from the surface of the artefact is dominated by atacamite with some traces of malachite and quartz. Because the penetration depth of laboratory X‐rays is in order of tens of microns, the phase analysis based only on a diffraction pattern taken from a surface can lead to erroneous conclusions concerning the phase composition of the patina. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electron density in lead bromine and chlorine hilgardites on the basis of precise x‐ray diffraction data and ab‐initio calculations and correlation with the properties
Authors: Plachinda P. , Belokoneva E. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBy a precise X‐ray diffraction experiment carried out on grown crystals of lead bromine and chlorine hilgardites (Pb2B5O9Br and Pb2B5O9Cl) we solved the structure of Pb2B5O9Cl and refined the structure of Pb2B5O9Br. The electron density distribution in the Pb2B5O9Br was analyzed and its spatial distribution was linked to the unusually high optical nonlinearity of the Pb2B5O9Br. Ab‐initio calculations confirmed the role of the lead atoms as the major contributors to the optical nonlinearity. By the Bader critical point approach, we analyzed the coordination polyhedrons of lead and halogen atoms, we showed that despite a long distance the bonding between lead and halogen atoms exists indeed. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Robust genital gag‐specific CD8+ T‐cell responses in mice upon intramuscular immunization with simian adenoviral vectors expressing HIV‐1‐gag
Authors: Haut Larissa H. , Lin Shih W. , Tatsis Nia , DiMenna Lauren J. , Giles‐Davis Wynetta , Pinto Aguinaldo R. , Ertl Hildegund C. J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMost studies on E1‐deleted adenovirus (Ad) vectors as vaccine carriers for antigens of HIV‐1 have focused on induction of central immune responses, although stimulation of mucosal immunity at the genital tract (GT), the primary port of entry of HIV‐1, would also be highly desirable. In this study, different immunization protocols using chimpanzee‐derived adenoviral (AdC) vectors expressing Gag of HIV‐1 clade B given in heterologous prime‐boost regimens were tested for induction of systemic and genital immune responses. Although i.n. immunization stimulated CD8+ T‐cell responses that could be detected in the GT, this route induced only marginal cellular responses in systemic tissues and furthermore numbers of Gag‐specific CD8+ T cells contracted sharply within a few weeks. On the contrary, i.m. immunization induced higher and more sustained frequencies of vaccine‐induced cells which could be detected in the GT as well as systemic compartments. Antigen‐specific CD8+ T cells could be detected 1 year after immunization in all compartments analyzed. Genital memory cells secreted IFN‐γ, expressed high levels of CD103 and their phenotypes were consistent with a state of activation. Taken together, the results presented here show that i.m. vaccination with chimpanzee‐derived (simian) adenovirus vectors is a suitable strategy to induce a long‐lived genital CD8+ T‐cell response.
The L1 major capsid protein of HPV16 differentially modulates APC trafficking according to the vaccination or natural infection context
Authors: Herman Ludivine , Hubert Pascale , Herfs Michaël , Kustermans Gaelle , Henrotin Yves , Bousarghin Latifa , Boniver Jacques , Delvenne Philippe 
Published: September 2010

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infection, particularly type 16, is causally associated with cancer of the uterine cervix. The progression of cervical lesions suggests that viral antigens are not adequately presented to the immune system. The aim of this study was to determine whether HPV16 viral particles can influence the trafficking of human DC/Langerhans cells (LC), either by direct interactions with DC or following incubation with human normal keratinocytes that are in close contact with LC in the squamous epithelium. We first demonstrated that HPV16 L1 major capsid protein, when self‐assembled into virus‐like particles (VLP), is able to induce in DC an over‐expression of CXC receptor 4 (CXCR4) via the activation of the NF‐κB signaling pathway and to enhance DC motility in the presence of CXCL12, suggesting an ability to migrate towards lymph nodes. We also showed that conditioned media of HPV16 VLP‐treated keratinocytes induce a lower LC migration than those from untreated keratinocytes and that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), detected in HPV16 VLP‐treated keratinocyte supernatants, may reduce LC recruitment into the squamous epithelium. Taken together, our data demonstrate that HPV16 VLP may differentially regulate the immune protective response according to their target cells.
Reduced Treg frequency in LFA‐1‐deficient mice allows enhanced T effector differentiation and pathology in EAE
Authors: Gültner Sandra , Kuhlmann Tanja , Hesse Amke , Weber Jan P. , Riemer Constanze , Baier Michael , Hutloff Andreas 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe αLβ2‐integrin LFA‐1 (CD11a/CD18) is known as an important molecule for leukocyte migration. However, the precise role of LFA‐1 in the pathogenesis of EAE has so far remained unclear. We describe here the disease development in LFA‐1−/− mice compared with WT controls. Ablation of LFA‐1 resulted in more severe EAE with increased demyelination and increased numbers of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein‐reactive CD4+ T cells in the CNS. However, the production of the pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐17 and IFN‐γ was unchanged on the level of antigen‐specific T cells. Interestingly, LFA‐1‐deficient mice showed a clearly reduced frequency of Treg in the inflamed CNS. Moreover, Treg counts in spleens and thymi of unimmunized LFA‐1−/− mice were lower in comparison to the WT controls, indicating an impairment of Treg generation. In combination, these results suggest a substantial role of LFA‐1 in Treg generation and subsequent expansion of effector T cells and highlight the importance of Treg in limiting EAE.
Apoptosis regulators Fas and Bim synergistically control T‐lymphocyte homeostatic proliferation
Authors: Fortner Karen A. , Bouillet Philippe , Strasser Andreas , Budd Ralph C. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe size of the peripheral T‐lymphocyte compartment is governed by complex homeostatic mechanisms that balance T‐cell proliferation and death. Proliferation and survival signals are mediated in part by recurrent self‐peptide/MHC–TCR interactions and signaling by the common γ chain‐containing cytokine receptors, including those for IL‐7 and IL‐15. We have previously shown that the death receptor Fas (CD95/APO‐1) regulates apoptosis in response to repeated TCR stimulation, whereas the Bcl‐2 homology domain 3‐only protein Bim mediates cytokine withdrawal‐induced apoptosis. We therefore reasoned that these two molecules might cooperate in the regulation of homeostatic proliferation. In this study, we observe that the combined loss of Fas and Bim synergistically enhances the accumulation of T cells in lymphopenic host mice, and this is particularly pronounced for the unusual CD4−CD8−TCRαβ+ T cells that are characteristic of Fas‐deficient (Faslpr/lpr) mice. Our findings demonstrate that these CD4−CD8−TCRαβ+ T cells arise from homeostatic proliferation of CD8+ T cells. These studies also underscore the profound rate of baseline T‐cell proliferation that likely occurs in wild‐type mice even in the absence of foreign antigen, and the consequent need for its coordinated regulation by multiple death‐signaling pathways.
Transplantation of autoimmune regulator‐encoding bone marrow cells delays the onset of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Ko Hyun‐Ja , Kinkel Sarah A. , Hubert François‐Xavier , Nasa Zeyad , Chan James , Siatskas Christopher , Hirubalan Premila , Toh Ban‐Hock , Scott Hamish S. , Alderuccio Frank 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe autoimmune regulator (AIRE) promotes “promiscuous” expression of tissue‐restricted antigens (TRA) in thymic medullary epithelial cells to facilitate thymic deletion of autoreactive T‐cells. Here, we show that AIRE‐deficient mice showed an earlier development of myelin oligonucleotide glycoprotein (MOG)‐induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). To determine the outcome of ectopic Aire expression, we used a retroviral transduction system to over‐express Aire in vitro, in cell lines and in bone marrow (BM). In the cell lines that included those of thymic medullary and dendritic cell origin, ectopically expressed Aire variably promoted expression of TRA including Mog and Ins2 (proII) autoantigens associated, respectively, with the autoimmune diseases multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes. BM chimeras generated from BM transduced with a retrovirus encoding Aire displayed elevated levels of Mog and Ins2 expression in thymus and spleen. Following induction of EAE with MOG35–55, transplanted mice displayed significant delay in the onset of EAE compared with control mice. To our knowledge, this is the first example showing that in vivo ectopic expression of AIRE can modulate TRA expression and alter autoimmune disease development.