bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the perceptions and experiences of community rehabilitation for Long COVID from the perspectives of Scottish general practitioners’ and people living with Long COVID: a qualitative study
Authors: Cooper Kay , Duncan Edward , Hart-Winks Erin , Cowie Julie , Shim Joanna , Stage Emma , Tooman Tricia , Alexander Lyndsay , Love Alison , Morris Jacqui H , Ormerod Jane , Preston Jenny , Swinton Paul 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesTo explore the experience of accessing Long COVID community rehabilitation from the perspectives of people with Long COVID and general practitioners (GPs).DesignQualitative descriptive study employing one-to-one semistructured virtual interviews analysed using the framework method.SettingFour National Health Service Scotland territorial health boards.Participants11 people with Long COVID (1 male, 10 female; aged 40–65 (mean 53) and 13 GPs (5 male, 8 female).ResultsFour key themes were identified: (1) The lived experience of Long COVID, describing the negative impact of Long COVID on participants’ health and quality of life; (2) The challenges of an emergent and complex chronic condition, including uncertainties related to diagnosis and management; (3) Systemic challenges for Long COVID service delivery, including lack of clear pathways for access and referral, siloed services, limited resource and a perceived lack of holistic care, and (4) Perceptions and experiences of Long COVID and its management, including rehabilitation. In this theme, a lack of knowledge by GPs and people with Long COVID on the potential role of community rehabilitation for Long COVID was identified. Having prior knowledge of rehabilitation or being a healthcare professional appeared to facilitate access to community rehabilitation. Finally, people with Long COVID who had received rehabilitation had generally found it beneficial.ConclusionsThere are several patient, GP and service-level barriers to accessing community rehabilitation for Long COVID. There is a need for greater understanding by the public, GPs and other potential referrers of the role of community rehabilitation professionals in the management of Long COVID. There is also a need for community rehabilitation services to be well promoted and accessible to the people with Long COVID for whom they may be appropriate. The findings of this study can be used by those (re)designing community rehabilitation services for people with Long COVID.
Protocol for CARES–HAPIN: an ambidirectional cohort study on exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and risk of early childhood caries
Authors: Patil Sneha S , Puttaswamy Naveen , Cardenas Andres , Barr Dana Boyd , Ghosh Santu , Balakrishnan Kalpana 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionPrenatal and postnatal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) has been linked with early childhood caries (ECC), but the specific molecular mechanisms and pathways remain largely unknown. The Caries Risk from exposure to Environmental tobacco Smoke (CARES) within the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) study aims to establish the association between ETS and ECC by employing epidemiological and novel biomarker-based approaches. Here, we outline the overall design and rationale of the project.Methods and analysisWe will leverage the infrastructure and data from the HAPIN trial (India) to mount the CARES study. In this ambidirectional cohort study, children (n=735, aged: 3–5 years) will undergo ECC examination by a trained dentist using standard criteria and calibrated methods. Structured questionnaires will be used to gather information on sociodemographic variables, dietary habits, oral hygiene, oral health-related quality of life and current exposure to ETS. We will collect non-invasive or minimally invasive biospecimens (i.e., saliva, buccal cells, dried blood spots and urine) from a subset of HAPIN children (n=120) to assess a battery of biomarkers indicative of exposure to ETS, early biological effect and epigenetic modifications. Both self-reported and objective measures of ETS exposure collected longitudinally during in utero and early postnatal periods will be accessed from the HAPIN database. We will apply current science data techniques to assess the association and interrelationships between ETS, ECC, and multiple biomarkers.Ethics and disseminationInformation gathered in this research will be published in peer-reviewed journals and summaries will be shared with the key stakeholders as well as patients and their parents/guardians involved in this study. Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research Ethics Board has approved the study protocol (IEC-NI22/JUL/83/82).Trial registration numberNCT02944682.
Ward-based in situ simulation: lessons learnt from a UK District General Hospital
Authors: Schwartze Julian Tristan , Das Souvik , Suggitt Deborah , Baxter Jeanette , Tunstall Simon , Ronan Nicholas , Stannard Helen , Rezgui Amina , Jafar Wisam , Baxter David Neil 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionIn situ simulation (ISS) enables multiprofessional healthcare teams to train for real emergencies in their own working environment and identify latent patient safety threats. This study aimed to determine ISS impact on teamwork, technical skill performance, healthcare staff perception and latent error identification during simulated medical emergencies.Materials and methodsUnannounced ISS sessions (n=14, n=75 staff members) using a high-fidelity mannequin were conducted in medical, paediatric and rehabilitation wards at Stepping Hill Hospital (Stockport National Health Service Foundation Trust, UK). Each session encompassed a 15 min simulation followed by a 15 min faculty-led debrief.ResultsThe clinical team score revealed low overall teamwork performances during simulated medical emergencies (mean±SEM: 4.3±0.5). Linear regression analysis revealed that overall communication (r=0.9, p<0.001), decision-making (r=0.77, p<0.001) and overall situational awareness (r=0.73, p=0.003) were the strongest statistically significant predictors of overall teamwork performance. Neither the number of attending healthcare professionals, their professional background, age, gender, degree of clinical experience, level of resuscitation training or previous simulation experience statistically significantly impacted on overall teamwork performance. ISS positively impacted on healthcare staff confidence and clinical training. Identified safety threats included unknown location of intraosseous kits, poor/absent airway management, incomplete A–E assessments, inability to activate the major haemorrhage protocol, unknown location/dose of epinephrine for anaphylaxis management, delayed administration of epinephrine and delayed/absence of attachment of pads to the defibrillator as well as absence of accessing ALS algorithms, poor chest compressions and passive behaviour during simulated cardiac arrests.ConclusionPoor demonstration of technical/non-technical skills mandate regular ISS interventions for healthcare professionals of all levels. ISS positively impacts on staff confidence and training and drives identification of latent errors enabling improvements in workplace systems and resources.
Prevalence, Medicaid use and mortality risk of low FEV1in adults aged 20–35 years old in the USA: evidence from a population-based retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wang Zihui , Li Yun , Tan Lunfang , Liu Shuyi , Wang Zhufeng , Zhang Qing , Lin Junfeng , Huang Jinhai , Liang Lina , Gao Yi , Zhong Nanshan , Zheng Jinping 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundThe prevalence, Medicaid use and mortality risk associated with low forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) among young adults aged 20–35 years are not well understood, despite its potential implications for the development of chronic pulmonary disease and overall prognosis.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted among young adults aged 20–35 years old, using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, National Death Index and Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Participants were categorised into a low FEV1group (pre-bronchodilator FEV1%pred <80%) and a normal FEV1group (FEV1%pred ≥80%). Weighted logistic regression analysis was employed to identify the risk factors associated with low FEV1, while Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) for Medicaid use and the all-cause mortality between the two groups.ResultsA total of 5346 participants aged 20–35 were included in the study, with 329 in the low FEV1group and 5017 in the normal group. The weighted prevalence of low FEV1among young adults was 7.1% (95% CI 6.0 to 8.2). Low body mass index (OR=3.06, 95% CI 1.79 to 5.24), doctor-diagnosed asthma (OR=2.25, 1.28 to 3.93), and wheezing or whistling (OR=1.57, 1.06 to 2.33) were identified as independent risk factors for low FEV1. Over a 15-year follow-up, individuals in the low FEV1group exhibited a higher likelihood of Medicaid use compared with those in the normal group (HR=1.73, 1.07 to 2.79). However, there was no statistically significant increase in the risk of all-cause mortality over a 30-year follow-up period (HR=1.48, 1.00 to 2.19).ConclusionsA considerable portion of young adults demonstrated low FEV1levels, a characteristic that was associated with a higher risk of Medicaid use over a long-term follow-up, yet not linked to an augmented risk of all-cause mortality.
Atrial remodelling associated with sporting discipline, sex and duration in elite sports: a cross-sectional echocardiographic study among Danish elite athletes
Authors: Aaroee Mikkel , Tischer Susanne Glasius , Christensen Robin , Dall Christian Have , Thune Jens Jakob , Rasmusen Hanne 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundElite endurance training is characterised by a high-volume load of the heart and has been associated with atrial fibrillation (AF) in middle-aged men. We compared left atrial (LA) remodelling among elite athletes engaged in sports, categorised as having low, intermediate, and high cardiac demands.MethodsThis cross-sectional echocardiographic study of healthy elite athletes evaluated LA size and function measured as LA maximum volume (maxLAVi) and contraction strain. Athletes were grouped according to the cardiac demands of their sport (low, intermediate, high). Morphological measures were indexed to body surface area and reported as least square means; differences between groups were reported with 95% CIs.ResultsWe included 482 elite athletes (age 21±5 years (mean±SD), 39% women). MaxLAVi was larger in the high group (28.4 mL/m2) compared with the low group (20.2 mL/m2; difference: 8.2, CI 5.3 to 11.1 mL/m2; p<0.001), where measurements in men exceed those in women (26.4 mL/m2vs 24.7 mL/m2; difference 1.6 mL/m2; CI 0.3 to 2.9 mL/m2; p=0.0175). In the high group, LA contraction strain was lower compared with the low group (−10.1% vs −12.9%; difference: 2.8%; CI 1.3 to 4.3%; p<0.001), and men had less LA contraction strain compared with women (−10.3% vs −11.0%; difference 0.7%; CI 0.0 to 1.4%; p=0.049). Years in training did not affect maxLAVi or LA contraction strain.ConclusionMaxLAVi was higher while LA contraction strain was lower with increased cardiac demands. MaxLAVi was larger, and LA contraction was lower in men compared with women. Whether these sex-based differences in LA remodelling are a precursor to pathological remodelling in male athletes is unknown.
Colorectal cancer-specific IFNβ delivery overcomes dysfunctional dsRNA-mediated type I interferon signaling to increase the abscopal effect of radiotherapy
Authors: Huang Kevin Chih-Yang , Chiang Shu-Fen , Chang Hsin-Yu , Hong Wei-Ze , Chen Jhen-Yu , Lee Pei-Chih , Liang Ji-An , Ke Tao-Wei , Peng Shin-Lei , Shiau An‑Cheng , Chen Tsung-Wei , Yang Pei-Chen , Chen William Tzu-Liang , Chao K S Clifford 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundCancer-intrinsic type I interferon (IFN-I) production triggered by radiotherapy (RT) is mainly dependent on cytosolic double-stranded DNA (dsDNA)-mediated cGAS/STING signaling and increases cancer immunogenicity and enhances the antitumor immune response to increase therapeutic efficacy. However, cGAS/STING deficiency in colorectal cancer (CRC) may suppress the RT-induced antitumor immunity. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the importance of the dsRNA-mediated antitumor immune response induced by RT in patients with CRC.MethodsCytosolic dsRNA level and its sensors were evaluated via cell-based assays (co-culture assay, confocal microscopy, pharmacological inhibition and immunofluorescent staining) and in vivo experiments. Biopsies and surgical tissues from patients with CRC who received preoperative chemoradiotherapy (neoCRT) were collected for multiplex cytokine assays, immunohistochemical analysis and SNP genotyping. We also generated a cancer-specific adenovirus-associated virus (AAV)-IFNβ1 construct to evaluate its therapeutic efficacy in combination with RT, and the immune profiles were analyzed by flow cytometry and RNA-seq.ResultsOur studies revealed that RT stimulates the autonomous release of dsRNA from cancer cells to activate TLR3-mediated IFN-I signatures to facilitate antitumor immune responses. Patients harboring a dysfunctional TLR3 variant had reduced serum levels of IFN-I-related cytokines and intratumoral CD8+immune cells and shorter disease-free survival following neoCRT treatment. The engineered cancer-targeted construct AAV-IFNβ1 significantly improved the response to RT, leading to systematic eradication of distant tumors and prolonged survival in defective TLR3 preclinical models.ConclusionOur results support that increasing cancer-intrinsic IFNβ1 expression is an immunotherapeutic strategy that enhances the RT-induced antitumor immune response in locally patients with advanced CRC with dysfunctional TLR3.
Exploring complement biomarkers in suspected axial spondyloarthritis
Authors: Mistegård Clara Elbæk , Troldborg Anne , Loft Anne Gitte , Thiel Steffen , Spiller Laura , Protopopov Mikhail , Rios Rodriguez Valeria , Muche Burkhard , Rademacher Judith , Weber Anne-Katrin , Lüders Susanne , Sieper Joachim , Poddubnyy Denis , Proft Fabian 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesTo investigate lectin pathway proteins (LPPs) as biomarkers for axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) in a cross-sectional cohort with a suspicion of axSpA, comprising newly diagnosed axSpA and chronic low back pain (cLBP) individuals.MethodsSerum samples from 515 participants within the OptiRef cohort, including 151 axSpA patients and 364 cLBP patients, were measured using immunoassays for LPPs (mannan-binding lectin (MBL), collectin liver-1 (CL-L1), M-ficolin, H-ficolin and L-ficolin, MBL-associated serine proteases (MASP)−1, –2 and –3, MBL-associated proteins (MAp19 and MAp44) and the complement activation product C3dg).ResultsSerum levels of L-ficolin, MASP-2 and C3dg were elevated in axSpA patients, whereas levels of MASP-3 and CL-L1 were decreased, and this remained significant for C3dg and MASP-3 after adjustment for C reactive protein (CRP). A univariate regression analysis showed serum levels of CL-L1, MASP-2, MASP-3 and C3dg to predict the diagnosis of axSpA, and MASP-3 and C3dg remained significant in a multivariate logistic regression analysis. Assessment of the diagnostic potential showed that a combination of human leukocyte antigen B27 (HLA-B27) and measurements of L-ficolin, MASP-3 and C3dg increased the diagnostic specificity for axSpA, however, with a concomitant loss of sensitivity.ConclusionsSerum levels of complement activation, that is, C3dg, and MASP-3 differed significantly between axSpA and cLBP patients after adjustment for CRP. Although combining HLA-B27 with measurements of L-ficolin, MASP-3 and C3dg increased the diagnostic specificity for axSpA, this seems unjustified due to the concomitant loss of sensitivity. However, both C3dg and MASP-3 were associated with axSpA diagnosis in multivariate logistic regression, suggesting an involvement of complement in the inflammatory processes and possibly pathogenesis in axSpA.
NN scattering with $$N\varDelta $$ coupling: dibaryon resonances without “dibaryons”?
Authors: Niskanen J. A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIt is known that at their threshold intermediate two-baryon $$N\varDelta $$

N
Δ

states can produce resonance-like structures in some isospin one states, often interpreted as more exotic manifest six-quark states. This paper applies the coupled-channel method to study vital details of the $$N\varDelta $$

N
Δ

effect in isospin one NN scattering with interactions constrained to exclude the influence of such extraneous hypothetical particles in two respects. Firstly, the calculated phase parameters are fitted only below pion inelasticity, i.e. far below the region of “dibaryons”. Secondly, the strength of the $$NN \rightarrow N\varDelta $$

N
N
→
N
Δ

transition is constrained to agree with the pion production reaction $$NN\rightarrow d\pi $$

N
N
→
d
π

, fairly independent of the details of the pure “diagonal” NN potential and its effect practically as strong as the NN itself. The strongly angular momentum dependent ingredients and results may be considered as a necessary background for searches of any additional dibaryon effects. Optimal conditions for resonant $$N\varDelta $$

N
Δ

appearances involve a decrease of the orbital angular momentum in the transition $$NN\rightarrow N\varDelta $$

N
N
→
N
Δ

, as is the case in the $$^1D_2$$

1

D
2

and $$^3F_3$$

3

F
3

waves. Detailed complex phase shift results are further presented also for isospin one peripheral partial waves up to $$J=6$$

J
=
6

, where, contrary to common prejudice, $$N\varDelta $$

N
Δ

excitation is still found to be comparable to or even larger than one pion exchange.
Effect of anion (S−2 & Se−2) replacement on photovoltaic properties in transition metal (Ba-Barium) chalcogenide perovskites
Authors: Pandit Naincy , Dubey Anusha , Joshi Tarun Kumar , Shukla Akash , Rani Upasana , Kamlesh Peeyush Kumar , Gupta Rajeev , Kumar Tanuj , Kaur Kulwinder , Verma Ajay Singh 
Published: May 2024

Material scientists have stepped up their search for efficient materials in low-cost, high-stability, nontoxic energy conversion devices. In this paper, emerging materials inspire us to study one of the perovskite chalcogens made from alkaline-earth metals (Barelium). Therefore, we determined some fundamental properties with some application-based properties, which explained their applicability in energy conversion device fabrication by first-principles calculation within the WIEN2K Code. Structure stability has been verified by Birch–Murnaghan fits and thermal stability at different temperatures and pressure ranges is explained by Gibbs function in thermodynamic properties. By using modified Becke–Johnson (mBJ) potential, electronic and optical characteristics of these materials provide insight into their nature: they were revealed to be direct bandgap semiconductors with the calculated values of 1.77[Formula: see text]eV (1.25[Formula: see text]eV) for BaZrS3(BaZrSe3), respectively. Both materials exhibit transparency on low-energy striking photons and demonstrate absorption and optical conduction in the UV region. Both materials exhibit transparency on low-energy striking photons and demonstrate absorption and optical conduction in the UV region. In the thermoelectric parameter, the figure of merit (ZT) is unity at room temperature and decreases up to 0.98 with temperature increment which reveals that these materials will be helpful in thermoelectric devices. As per the application part, we carried out the calculation of the spectroscopic limited maximum efficiency (SLME) and found that efficiency increases from 6.5% to 27.1% (8.1% to 31.9%) for BaZrS3 (BaZrSe3), respectively. The film thickness increased from 100[Formula: see text]nm to 1[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m at room temperature and then stabilized. This emerging study shows that these materials can be used as an alert substance in energy conversion device fabrications and the proposed outcomes are in good acceptance with the experimental and other theoretical data. As per the optical and thermoelectric parameters of these materials, we infer that both are promising candidates in energy conversion device fabrication.
The DRAP1/DR1 Repressor Complex Increases mTOR Activity to Promote Progression and Confer Everolimus Sensitivity in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Huang Min-Ying , Hu Shu-Yuan , Dong Jia , Deng Ling , Andriani Lisa , Ma Xiao-Yan , Zhang Yin-Ling , Zhang Fang-Lin , Shao Zhi-Ming , Li Da-Qiang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer. Transcriptional dysregulation is a hallmark of cancer, and several transcriptional regulators have been demonstrated to contribute to cancer progression. In this study, we identified an upregulation of the transcriptional corepressor downregulator of transcription 1–associated protein 1 (DRAP1) in TNBC, which was closely associated with poor recurrence-free survival in patients with TNBC. DRAP1 promoted TNBC proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, the downregulator of transcription 1 (DR1)/DRAP1 heterodimer complex inhibited expression of the cytosolic arginine sensor for mTORC1 subunit 1 (CASTOR1) and thereby increased activation of mTOR, which sensitized TNBC to treatment with the mTOR inhibitor everolimus. DRAP1 and DR1 also formed a positive feedback loop. DRAP1 enhanced the stability of DR1 by recruiting the deubiquitinase USP7 to inhibit its proteasomal degradation; in turn, DR1 directly promoted DRAP1 transcription. Collectively, this study uncovered a DRAP1–DR1 bidirectional regulatory pathway that promotes TNBC progression, suggesting that targeting the DRAP1/DR1 complex might be a potential therapeutic strategy to treat TNBC.
Significance: DR1 and DRAP1 form a positive feedback loop and a repressor complex to cooperatively inhibit cytosolic arginine sensor for mTORC1 subunit 1 transcription and stimulate mTOR signaling, leading to progression and increased everolimus sensitivity in triple-negative breast cancer.
Arming Vδ2 T Cells with Chimeric Antigen Receptors to Combat Cancer
Authors: Thomas Pauline , Paris Pierre , Pecqueur Claire 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising approach in the field of cancer treatment, with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy demonstrating remarkable success. However, challenges such as tumor antigen heterogeneity, immune evasion, and the limited persistence of CAR-T cells have prompted the exploration of alternative cell types for CAR-based strategies. Gamma delta T cells, a unique subset of lymphocytes with inherent tumor recognition capabilities and versatile immune functions, have garnered increasing attention in recent years. In this review, we present how arming Vδ2-T cells might be the basis for next-generation immunotherapies against solid tumors. Following a comprehensive overview of γδ T-cell biology and innovative CAR engineering strategies, we discuss the clinical potential of Vδ2 CAR-T cells in overcoming the current limitations of immunotherapy in solid tumors. Although the applications of Vδ2 CAR-T cells in cancer research are relatively in their infancy and many challenges are yet to be identified, Vδ2 CAR-T cells represent a promising breakthrough in cancer immunotherapy.