bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
State of the Art Treatment of Nasal Polyposis
Authors: Aouad Rony K. , Chiu Alexander G. 
Published: September 2011

Background Nasal polyposis represents the end point of multiple inflammatory pathways and controversy continues as to the exact roles of medical and surgical approaches in the management of nasal polyposis. Methods A combination of both is often required to manage polyps adequately with surgery and intranasal steroids remaining the mainstay of therapy. Results Fortunately, new technological advances are making surgery safer and more efficient. In the postoperative period, debridement is effective in reducing the formation of adhesions, and topical medications may play a beneficial role in preventing polyp reformation. Conclusion Additional investigations into the optimal perioperative medical management is needed to ensure optimal surgical outcomes.
Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness in Preschool Children with Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Suh Dong In , Lee Ju Kyung , Kim Jin Tack , Min Yang-Gi , Koh Young Yull 
Published: September 2011

Background Nonasthmatic subjects with allergic rhinitis often have bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR), characteristic of asthma. The presence and degree of atopy is suggested to be important for BHR in patients with asthma. We aimed to assess BHR to methacholine (direct stimulus) and to adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP; indirect stimulus) in preschool children with allergic rhinitis and to investigate their relationship with the degree of atopy. Methods Methacholine and AMP bronchial challenges were performed in preschool children with allergic rhinitis (n = 96), using a modified auscultation method. The end point concentration, resulting in audible wheezing and/or oxygen desaturation, was determined for each challenge. The degree of atopy was assessed using serum total IgE levels, the number of positive skin-prick tests, and atopic scores (sum of graded wheal size). Results BHR to methacholine (end point concentration, ≤ 8 mg/mL) and to AMP (end point concentration, ≤ 200 mg/mL) was observed in 32 (33.3%) and 26 (27.1%) subjects, respectively. No significant relationship was observed between BHR to methacholine and any atopy parameter. In contrast, the atopic scores were higher in the AMP–BHR+ group compared with the AMP–BHR− group, and a significant association was found between the degree of atopic scores and the frequency of BHR to AMP (score for trend, p = 0.006). Such a relationship was not observed for serum total IgE levels and the number of positive SPTs. Conclusion BHR to methacholine and BHR to AMP were detected in a significant proportion of preschool children with allergic rhinitis. The degree of atopy in terms of atopic scores seems to be an important factor for BHR to AMP but not for BHR to methacholine.
Some connections between almost periodic and periodic discrete Schrödinger operators with analytic potentials
Authors: Shamis Mira 
Published: September 2011

We study discrete Schrödinger operators with analytic potentials. In particular, we are interested in the connection between the absolutely continuous spectrum in the almost periodic case and the spectra in the periodic case. We prove a weak form of a precise conjecture relating the two.
We also bound the measure of the spectrum in the periodic case in terms of the Lyapunov exponent in the almost periodic case.
In the proofs, we use a partial generalization of Chambers' formula. As an additional application of this generalization, we provide a new proof of Herman's lower bound for the Lyapunov exponent.
Threshold Concepts in Practice Education: Perceptions of Practice Educators
Authors: Tanner Bronwyn 
Published: September 2011

Introduction: Practice education is essential in the development of the clinical competencies required for entry into the workforce. Practitioners take on the role of educator of students on placement, often at a distance from the university. While the importance of practitioners to the university curriculum is acknowledged, how best to engage both practitioners and academics in a dialogue that is meaningful and valued by both groups is an ongoing challenge. Applying a threshold concept framework has been suggested as a way to enhance dialogue between key stakeholders to facilitate student learning. Method: This exploratory qualitative study aimed to identify areas of transformative knowledge (threshold concepts) from the perspective of practitioners who engage with students undertaking practice education. Data were collected from two focus groups of practitioners involved in practice education. A threshold concept framework was used for analysis. Findings: The use of a threshold concept framework facilitated the identification of three key knowledge areas, which resulted in transformed understanding once they were grasped by students engaged in practice education. Conclusion: The identification of threshold concepts for practice education has the potential to inform university curriculum content and practice educator training. Further research is indicated to develop these concepts further.
Choroidal neovascularization of optic disk melanocytoma treated with bevacizumab
Authors: Kamisasanuki Taro , Uchino Eisuke , Sakamoto Taiji 
Published: September 2011

Purpose To report a case of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) associated with optic disk melanocytoma successfully treated with bevacizumab. Methods A 63-year-old man complained of visual impairment in his left eye. His visual acuity was 0.9 OS. Fundus examination showed optic disk melanocytoma associated with serous retinal detachment and mild hemorrhage. Fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography revealed CNV adjacent to the optic disc. Intravitreous bevacizumab (IVB) was performed 3 times. Results Choroidal neovascularization and serous retinal detachment disappeared at 5 months after IVB. Visual acuity recovered to 1.5 OS and has been stable for 1 year follow-up. No adverse events were found related to IVB. Conclusions Intravitreous bevacizumab can be a beneficial treatment for CNV associated with optic disc melanocytoma.
Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Griflow® Dual, a Pre-Set Two-Flow Infusion Device for Intravenous Immunoglobulin (Flebogamma® 5%) Administration
Authors: Sánchez Argentina , Álvarez Magdalena , Bustillo María Adoración , García María Carmen , Muñoz Margarita , Pacios Concepción , Pizarroso Lorena , Rubio María Isabel , Rodríguez Nuria 
Published: September 2011

Purpose A single center, prospective study was performed to assess the efficacy and safety of Griflow® Dual–-a gravity-fed device for intravenous delivery of human immunoglobulin Flebogamma®. Methods A total of 2 infusions in 2 visits per patient were assessed using G2 and G3 Griflow® Dual models that provide different flow rates adjusted to the patient's weight. To follow the most common method of intravenous immunoglobulin administration, infusion through the two-way device commenced with the low flow rate capillary (clamp closed) for 30 minutes and continued with the high flow rate, opening both ways. Reliability of flow delivery (average flow rates), adverse events, as well as functionality in daily practice (questionnaire to nurses) were assessed. Results twenty-five valid infusions were evaluated on 13 subjects. Except for the G2 model with closed clamp in which 14.5% deviation was observed, actual average flow rate values fell well into the maximum 10% deviation permitted with respect to expected charted values (G2: 55 and 142 mL/h; G3: 76 and 189 mL/h). Discrepancies could be explained by patient's arm movements or posture change during infusion. No adverse events related to the study device occurred. In the functionality questionnaires, nurse's comfort and safety of infusion with Griflow® Dual were rated higher than without Griflow® Dual but lower than with infusion pumps. Conclusions Although it may not be as precise as an infusion pump, Griflow® Dual proved to be a reliable and suitable device to administer Flebogamma® 5%. Correct safety should be confirmed in a larger sample.
Shaking table test of the effects of multi‐unit particle dampers attached to an MDOF system under earthquake excitation
Authors: Lu Zheng , Lu Xilin , Lu Wensheng , Masri Sami F. 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYThis paper presents the results of an experimental and analytical/computational study of the performance of multi‐unit particle dampers with an MDOF system. A series of shaking table tests of a three‐storey steel frame with the particle damper system were carried out to evaluate the performance of the system and to verify the analysis method. An analytical solution based on the discrete element method is also presented. A comparison between the experimental and computational results shows that reasonably accurate estimates of the response of a primary system under earthquake excitations can be obtained. These results also indicate that the excitation characterization influences the performance of the particle damper system, for example, particle dampers have good performance in reducing the seismic response of structures and particle movements of plug flow pattern can yield good vibration attenuation effects. It is shown that by using properly designed multi‐unit particle dampers, a lightly damped primary system can achieve a reasonable reduction in its response, with a small weight penalty. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The reactivity of nano silica with calcium hydroxide
Authors: Lin Qing , Xu Zhongzi , Lan Xianghui , Ni Yaru , Lu Chunhua 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe reactivity of nano silica (SiO2) with calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) was evaluated and characterized in this study. Ca(OH)2 activated nano SiO2 takes place through an exothermic process, which is mainly attributed to the breakdown of SiOSi bonds. Ca2+ offsets the charge imbalance and bonds to SiOH and SiO− giving rise to calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) gel. Care has to be taken that the reactivity of nano SiO2 with Ca(OH)2 significantly depends on the Q3 percentage in nano SiO2. Q3 percentages significantly influence the reaction kinetic of nano SiO2. The higher Q3 percentage results in a higher reaction degree of nano SiO2 with Ca(OH)2 and shorter setting times of the pastes. The higher Q3 percentage results in a lower total reaction heat of nano SiO2 with Ca(OH)2. It is suggested that the Q3 percentages of nano SiO2 should be in excess of 30% to keep the satisfactory setting properties of the pastes for the application requirements of bone cement. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2011.
Synthesis, characterization, and light‐controlled antibiotic application of a composite material derived from polyurethane and silica xerogel with embedded photoactive manganese nitrosyl
Authors: Heilman Brandon J. , Halpenny Genevieve M. , Mascharak Pradip K. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe synthesis of a light‐sensitive polyurethane‐based composite material (PUX‐NO) is described. In its polyurethane medium, PUX‐NO contains entrapped silica xerogel particles in which a photoactive manganese nitrosyl has been incorporated. Green flexible films of PUX‐NO readily release nitric oxide (NO) only when exposed to low power (mW) visible light. Incorporation of the nitrosyl in the xerogel not only retains the nitrosyl (NO donor) within the composite material but also provides the right extent of hydration. Pre‐swelled films of PUX‐NO have water content close to 30 Wt % and such films can be stored for months under slightly moist condition without loss in NO‐delivering capacity. The NO‐releasing parameters of the film have been determined. The NO‐releasing capacity of PUX‐NO films can be conveniently altered by changing the amount of the nitrosyl as well as the thickness of the films. Patches of PUX‐NO film have been successfully employed to reduce drastically bacterial loads of both gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria including methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii under the total control of light. Effective control of infections by these bacterial pathogens via delivery of proper doses of NO only to the sites of infection appears feasible with PUX‐NO films. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 99B: 328–337, 2011.
The comorbidity of anger symptoms with personality disorders in psychiatric outpatients
Authors: DiGiuseppe Raymond , McDermut Wilson , Unger Faith , Fuller J. Ryan , Zimmerman Mark , Chelminski Iwona 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjectives: Although many psychiatric disorders are “emotional” disorders, no disorders exist for which dysfunctional anger is a necessary feature. This study examined whether dysfunctional anger could be considered a diagnosis independent from Personality Disorders. Design: We analyzed data on 1,158 psychiatric outpatients who underwent a semi‐structured interview for Axis II disorders and ascertained the co‐occurrence of dysfunctional anger and Personality Disorders. Results: The overlap between dysfunctional anger and all Personality Disorders was low. Data analyses showed dysfunctional anger was not well accounted for by Axis II diagnoses. Conclusions: Dysfunctional anger can be viewed by researchers and clinicians as an independent diagnostic entity. The implications of these results for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with anger symptoms is discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: 67:1–11, 2011.
Microbial utilization of crude glycerol for the production of value-added products
Authors: Dobson Rosemary , Gray Vincent , Rumbold Karl 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Energy fuels for transportation and electricity generation are mainly derived from finite and declining reserves of fossil hydrocarbons. Fossil hydrocarbons are also used to produce a wide range of organic carbon-based chemical products. The current global dependency on fossil hydrocarbons will not be environmentally or economically sustainable in the long term. Given the future pessimistic prospects regarding the complete dependency on fossil fuels, political and economic incentives to develop carbon neutral and sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels have been increasing throughout the world. For example, interest in biodiesel has undergone a revival in recent times. However, the disposal of crude glycerol contaminated with methanol, salts, and free fatty acids as a by-product of biodiesel production presents an environmental and economic challenge. Although pure glycerol can be utilized in the cosmetics, tobacco, pharmaceutical, and food industries (among others), the industrial purification of crude glycerol is not economically viable. However, crude glycerol could be used as an organic carbon substrate for the production of high-value chemicals such as 1,3-propanediol, organic acids, or polyols. Microorganisms have been employed to produce such high-value chemicals and the objective of this article is to provide an overview of studies on the utilization of crude glycerol by microorganisms for the production of economically valuable products. Glycerol as a by-product of biodiesel production could be used a feedstock for the manufacture of many products that are currently produced by the petroleum-based chemical industry.
The Geology of Goa Group: Revisited
Authors: Dessai A. G. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
The supracrustals that constitute the Goa Group of Gokul et al. (1985) can be divided into two lithostratigraphic sequences namely the Barcem Group and the Ponda Group. The former comprises predominantly greenstones (metabasalts) and rests on a basement of the 3300-3400 Ma Anmode Ghat trodhjemite gneiss with a crudely developed quartz-pebble conglomerate at the base, and shows lithological similarities with the lower part of the Bababudan Group. The younger sequence is dominated by clastics, and is assigned to a new stratigraphic group formally termed the Ponda Group which is equivalent to the Chitradurga Group of the Dharwar Supergroup. This group rests on a basement of the 2700-2900 Ma Chandranath granite gneiss with a distinct unconformity marked by a polymict, granite-clast metaconglomerate. The conglomerate displays many similarities with the Talya conglomerate that occurs at the base of the Chitradurga Group. It is overlain by a psamolitic sequence which is followed in ascending order by the chemogenic sediments that host the BIF and by the deep water turbidite sequence (argillite-graywacke association) with intercalations of mafic volcanics. The supracrustal sequence is intruded by the Bondla layered mafic-ultramafic complex along a major shear zone (NW-SE) that largely controls the course of the northwesterly flowing tributary of River Mandovi. The late intrusive, Canacona potassic granite marks the culmination of the sedimentation in the Shimoga-Goa basin.
Ionic Characters of Lake Water of Bharti Promontory, Larsemann Hills, East Antarctica
Authors: Shrivastava Prakash K. , Asthana Rajesh , Beg M. Javed , Ravindra Rasik 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
The Larsemann Hills area represents a unique environmental setting between marine and glacial ecosystems. One of the promontories of this region, named Bharti, depicting similar set up was selected for the study of chemical parameters with special reference to its ionic characters. Water samples from 6 selected lakes of Bharti promontory, Larsemann Hills area were collected during the austral summer of 2004-05 and analysed for major ionic concentration and Total Dissolved Solid (TDS). This study is aimed at understanding the water chemistry of lakes of this island with emphasis on correlation between different ionic concentrations, TDS and its possible causes. The study will provide baseline data that will be useful for planning further studies. Analytical result shows that the water chemistry of these lakes is mainly governed by the lithology, precipitation, drainage and marine environment. Minor contribution of evaporation, has also been observed on the chemistry of one of the lake water. The main source of water for these lakes comes mainly from snow precipitation and its melting. The drainage line mostly goes towards eastern direction for these lakes.
Role of Westerlies and Thermohaline Characteristics on Sea-Ice Extent in the Indian Ocean Sector of Antarctica
Authors: Nuncio M. , Luis Alvarinho J. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Satellite-derived sea-ice extent in the Indian Ocean Sector during the period November 1978 to December 2006 was studied in relation to the atmospheric forcing and oceanic thermohaline structure. The study revealed that sea-ice extent increased when the ocean exhibited higher stability. Low sea-ice extent was observed during 1985 to 1993, when the zonal winds and latent flux was relatively weak and when the ocean exhibited strong vertical mixing facilitated by low stability thereby, deepening the mixed layer to ~250 m. This was reflected in the ocean surface layer temperature, which was relatively warm (–0.3°C). Winds increased during 1996 to 2000, but due to higher oceanic stability mixed layer depth shallowed (&lt; 200 m) leading to reduced vertical mixing of deep warmer layers with the surface water, leading to an enhancement in the sea-ice extent.
The Effect of Symptoms of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome on Ultrasonographic Median Nerve Measures Before and After Wheelchair Propulsion
Authors: Impink Bradley G. , Collinger Jennifer L. , Boninger Michael L. 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveTo quantify median nerve characteristics before and after strenuous wheelchair propulsion and relate them to symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). We hypothesized that persons with and without symptoms of CTS would have significantly different nerve characteristics at baseline and after propulsion.DesignA repeated‐measures design was used to obtain ultrasound images of the median nerve at 3 levels of the wrist (radius, pisiform, and hamate) before and after wheelchair propulsion. Investigators were blinded to subject history related to CTS.SettingThe 2007 and 2008 National Veterans Wheelchair Games and the Human Engineering Research Laboratories.ParticipantsFifty‐four participants between the ages of 18 and 65 years with a nonprogressive disability who used a manual wheelchair as their primary means of mobility completed this study.MethodsParticipants completed questionnaires regarding demographics and the presence and severity of symptoms of CTS. Ultrasound images of the median nerve were obtained before and after a 15‐minute strenuous wheelchair‐propulsion task.Main Outcome MeasurementsBaseline values and post‐propulsion changes were determined for median nerve cross‐sectional area, flattening ratio, and swelling ratio. Differences in median nerve variables between symptomatic and asymptomatic groups were assessed.ResultsNo significant differences between symptom groups were identified at baseline; however, persons with symptoms of CTS showed a significantly different percent change from baseline compared with the asymptomatic participants for cross‐sectional area at pisiform (P = .014) and flattening ratio at hamate (P = .022), and they showed a strong trend toward a difference in swelling ratio (P = .0502). For each of these variables, the change in the symptomatic group was in the opposite direction of the change in the asymptomatic group.ConclusionsWe found several median nerve responses to wheelchair propulsion associated with symptoms of CTS. These responses occurred even though no baseline ultrasound difference was found based on symptoms. Future research is necessary to determine how propulsion characteristics (ie, force, repetition, and posture) affect the median nerve response.
Ardeshir Mohassess and His Images of Revolution
Authors: Banuazizi Ali 
Published: September 2011

Ardeshir Mohassess has often been called Iran's leading caricaturist and graphic artist. Yet, as the powerful images on the following pages show, neither appellation fully describes the breadth, depth, and complexity of his art and vision.The artist himself also defies simple description. Through his art one sees him as a man of sharp and angry perception who wields his sarcastic pen mercilessly--decapitating bodies, twisting them into unnatural shapes, turning the world upside down, all in an attempt to expose the bitter truth that lies, he seems to feel, under the banal surface of everyday reality. In person, Mohassess is a remarkably sensitive, humble, and mild mannered artist with a philosophic sense of humor which focuses, not on the foibles of particular individuals, but on what he finds to be pathetic or absurd in the human condition.
Knitting Iran Together: The Land Transport Revolution, 1920–1940
Authors: Clawson Patrick 
Published: September 2011

Iran's geography ensures that transport is a major problem for economic activity. Much of the country is sparsely settled; the major cities are hundreds of miles apart, with some roads running through inhospitable deserts. The population centers are separated from the oceans by high mountains. There are no rivers suitable for transportation over any distance. In short, transport is overwhelmingly by land through difficult terrain.These natural barriers provide an explanation as to why Iran's economy consisted for many centuries of a series of local or regional markets, more than a national market. Producers and merchants did not consider their natural market to be Iran but rather their local region and, beyond that, the areas to which they could easily transport their goods, which could well mean nearby foreign regions rather than other parts of Iran.