bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First results of laser-induced desorption - quadrupole mass spectrometry (LID-QMS) at JET
Authors: Zlobinski M. , Sergienko G. , Jepu I. , Rowley C. , Widdowson A. , Ellis R. , Kos D. , Coffey I. , Fortune M. , Kinna D. , Beldishevski M. , Krimmer A. , Lambertz H.T. , Terra A. , Huber A. , Brezinsek S. , Dittmar T. , Flebbe M. , Yi R. , Rayaprolu R. , Figueiredo J. , Blatchford P. , Silburn S. , Tsitrone E. , Joffrin E. , Krieger K. , Corre Y. , Hakola A. , Likonen J. ,   the Eurofusion Tokamak Exploitation Team,   JET Contributors
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The paper reports the first demonstration of in situ laser-induced desorption — quadrupole mass spectrometry (LID-QMS) application on a large scale fusion device performed in summer 2023. LID-QMS allows direct measurements of the fuel inventory of plasma facing components without retrieving them from the fusion device. The diagnostic desorbs the retained gases by heating a 3 mm diameter spot on the wall using a 1 ms long laser pulse and detects them by QMS. Thus, it can measure the gas content at any wall position accessible to the laser. The successful LID-QMS application in laboratory scale and on medium size fusion devices has now been demonstrated on the larger scale and it is already foreseen as tritium monitor diagnostic in ITER. This in situ diagnostic gives direct access to retention physics on a short timescale instead of campaign-integrated measurements and can assess the space-resolvedefficacy of detritation methods. LID-QMS can be applied on many materials: on Be deposits like in JET, B deposits like in TEXTOR, C based materials or on bulk-W.
Roles of non-axisymmetric perturbations in free drift vertical displacement events on EAST
Authors: Li Haolong , Zhu Ping , Li Hang , Wu Muquan , Zhu Xiang , Luo Jingting 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The safe operation of most tokamaks, especially the large ones, relies on the feedback control of vertical displacement events (VDEs). However, most of these feedback control systems are based on axisymmetric VDE models. In this study, we use NIMROD simulations to study the role of non-axisymmetric perturbations in free drift vertical displacement events on EAST. The high-n modes in the non-axisymmetric VDE grow first, which drives the formation of high-n magnetic island chains. Subsequently, the magnetic island chains grow and overlap with each other, leading to the destruction of the magnetic flux surface, which induces a minor disruption and accelerates the start of the following major disruption. The magnetic island and the stochastic magnetic field allow the toroidally non-axisymmetric poloidal plasma current to jet towards the hoop force direction, forming finger-like and filamentary structures. Such a plasma current non-axisymmetry strongly depends on the anisotropy in the thermal transport coefficients.
Implications of T loss in first wall armor and structural materials on T-self-sufficiency in future burning fusion devices
Authors: Schmid K. , Schwarz-Selinger T. , Arredondo R. , Theodorou A. , Pomella Lobo T. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Future fusion reactors will have to breed enough tritium (T) to sustain continuous operation and to produce excess T to power up other fusion reactors. Therefore, T is a scarce resource that must not be lost inside the fusion power plants systems. The factor that describes the T production is the ‘tritium breeding ratio’ (TBR) which is the ratio of the breading rate in atoms per second to the burn rate in atoms per second. Its value is calculated from neutronics analyses of the breeding process in the blanket and coupled dynamics of the T processing plant. However, these calculations generally ignore the T transport and loss in the first wall by assuming essentially instantaneous recycling of the impinging T in-flux. In this paper the transport and retention of T in the main chamber first wall of a future EU-DEMO reactor is investigated based on the available material data and expected particle loads onto the wall. Two breeding blanket concepts are compared WCLL (water cooled lithium lead) and HCPB (helium cooled pebble bed) and the resulting wall-loss probabilities are compared with a simple balance model that describes the maximum allowable wall loss given a TBR to achieve T-self-sufficiency.
Effects of inter-ELM quasi-coherent modes on the dynamics of pedestal turbulence on HL-2A tokamak
Authors: Wen J. , Shi Z.B. , Zhong W.L. , Zou X.L. , Jiang M. , Ke R. , Xu J.Q. , Chen W. , Yang Z.C. , Liang A.S. , Yu X. , Wu N. , He X.X. , Shi P.W. , Xiao G.L. , Tong R.H. , Yuan B.D. , Zhu Y.R. , Zhang Y.P. , Gao J.M. , Han M.K. , Dong J.Q. , Shen Y. , Ji X.Q. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The role of a series of quasi-coherent modes (QCMs) on the turbulence properties has been investigated during Type-III ELMs under HL-2A high confinement mode (H-mode) scenarios. The QCMs are essentially electrostatic and appear during the inter-ELM periods, with a frequency ranging from 20 kHz to 60 kHz. These QCMs are localized in the pedestal region and are related to the saturation of density gradient in the pedestal. Nonlinear couplings between QCMs and ambient turbulence have been observed and also verified through the envelope modulation of turbulence in density by the radial electrical field fluctuation of the modes. The presence of QCMs can increase the radial and poloidal turbulence correlation lengths, thereby modulating the turbulent transport. Experimental results show that QCMs significantly impact pedestal turbulence and transport by increasing the correlation length as well as the decorrelation time of turbulent eddies. The flow shearing rate in pedestal region is also enhanced to a level that surpasses the decorrelation frequency of turbulence, thus, the existence of QCMs has the ability to put off the ELM burst due to relative stronger stabilization of turbulence by sheared flows. The above results have demonstrated that the pedestal dynamics is largely determined by the complex interactions among QCMs, turbulence and the shear flow.
Detection of alpha heating in JET-ILW DT plasmas by a study of the electron temperature response to ICRH modulation
Authors: Mantica P. , Auriemma F. , Casiraghi I. , Gallart D. , Kirov K. , Lerche E. , Salmi A. , Dal Molin A. , Delabie E. , Eriksson J. , Garcia J. , Huynh P. , Jacquet P. , Jonsson T. , Kiptily V. , Litherland–Smith E. , Maggi C.F. , Mantsinen M. , Marcer G. , Maslov M. , Menmuir S. , Nocente M. , Peluso E. , Pucella G. , Rigamonti D. , Stancar Z. , Sun H. , Szepesi G. , Tardocchi M. , Van Eester D. ,   JET Contributors
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In the JET DTE2 campaign a new method was successfully tested to detect the heating of bulk electrons by α-particles, using the dynamic response of the electron temperature T
e to the modulation of ion cyclotron resonance heating (ICRH). A fundamental deuterium (D) ICRH scheme was applied to a tritium-rich hybrid plasma with D-neutral beam injection (NBI). The modulation of the ion temperature T
i and of the ICRH accelerated deuterons leads to modulated α-heating with a large delay with respect to other modulated electron heating terms. A significant phase delay of ∼40° is measured between central T
e and T
i, which can only be explained by α-particle heating. Integrated modelling using different models for ICRH absorption and ICRH/NBI interaction reproduces the effect qualitatively. Best agreement with experiment is obtained with the European Transport Solver/Heating and Current Drive workflow.
The difference in the uncertainty sources between future projections of mean and extreme precipitation over East Asia
Authors: Juzbašić Ana , Park Changyong , Cha Dong-Hyun , Ahn Joong-Bae , Chang Eun-Chul , Min Seung-Ki , Choi Youngeun , Byun Young-Hwa 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
As the incidence of extreme precipitation events attributable to global climate change increases, providing policymakers with accurate model predictions is of the utmost importance. However, model projections have inherent uncertainties. The present study attempted to distinguish the sources of the uncertainty of the mean and extreme precipitation projections in the East Asia region using the mean boreal summer precipitation, simple precipitation intensity index (SDII), maximum cumulative 5 day precipitation, and annual maximum daily precipitation (Rx1d). The results show that while the mean precipitation was projected to change very little regardless of the scenario, more extreme indices were projected to increase considerably by the end of the century, particularly in the high-emissions scenarios. On average, model uncertainty accounted for the largest part of the uncertainty. However, for Rx1d in the 2030s, as well as mean and SDII in some regions until the 2060s, the internal variability was the largest contributor. In addition, whilst scenario uncertainty accounted for a negligible proportion of average precipitation variability, for the more extreme the precipitation indices, scenario uncertainty contribution to total variability by the end of the century was significant; namely, the scenario uncertainty contribution was overall highest for the maximum one-day precipitation. Additionally, comparatively wetter regions had greater overall projection uncertainties, especially uncertainty arising from internal variability, likely due to the influence of interannual variability from the EA summer monsoon.
Characterizing the multisectoral impacts of future global hydrologic variability
Authors: Birnbaum Abigail , Shabestanipour Ghazal , Zhao Mengqi , Snyder Abigail , Wild Thomas , Lamontagne Jonathan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
There is significant uncertainty in how global water supply will evolve in the future, due to uncertain climate, socioeconomic, and land use change drivers and variability of hydrologic processes. It is critical to characterize the potential impacts of uncertainty in future water supply given its importance for food and energy production. In this work, we introduce a framework that integrates stochastic hydrology and human-environmental systems to characterize uncertainty in future water supply and its multisector impacts. We develop a global stochastic watershed model and demonstrate that this model can generate a large ensemble of realizations of basin-scale runoff with global coverage that preserves the mean, variance, and spatial correlation of a historical benchmark. We couple this model with a well-known human-environmental systems model to explore the impacts of runoff variability on the water and agricultural sectors across spatial scales. We find that the impacts of future hydrologic variability vary across sectors and regions. Impacts are felt most strongly in the water and agricultural sectors for basins that are expected to have unsustainable water use in the future, such as the Indus River basin. For this basin, we find that the variability in future irrigation water withdrawals and irrigated cropland increase over time due to uncertainty in renewable water supply. We also use the Indus basin to show how our stochastic ensemble can be leveraged to explore the global multisector consequences of local extreme runoff conditions. This work introduces a novel technique to explore the propagation of future hydrologic variability across human and natural systems and spatial scales.
Low-complexity EVM estimation based on artificial neural networks for coherent optical systems
Authors: Jha Dhirendra Kumar , Mishra Jitendra K 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
With continuous growth in modulation formats, the requirement for autonomous devices is becoming more important than ever. Predicting error vector magnitude (EVM) of m-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (mQAM) are intricate issue for the effective design of transmission systems. Existing estimation techniques have survived through repetitive processes that are frequently computationally expensive, and time-consuming. Recently deep learning approaches demonstrated good performance as useful computational tools, offering a different way for accelerating such mQAM simulations. This paper introduces an artificial neural network (ANN) architecture that aims to forecast the EVM of the popular modulation forms including 18 Gbaud 8QAM, 14 Gbaud 16QAM, and 10 Gbaud 64QAM under different transmission conditions. Amplitude histograms (AHs) are produced from constellation diagrams obtained with varying launch power, laser linewidth, OSNR, and transmission distance by an offline preprocessing flow. The fully trained framework exhibits superior performance in terms of computing cost compared to the simulation experiments. The overall execution time of the ANN-based modeling method is approximately 234 s as opposed to more than 23000 s when employing the simulation technique, resulting in a 99% reduction in computation time. As a result, this technology opens the door to quick, all-encompassing techniques for characterizing and analyzing optical fiber problems.
Bismuth sulfide quantum dots-CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals heterojunction for enhanced broadband photodetection
Authors: Lalita  , Yadav Aditya , Sharma Harshit , Gupta Govind , Ahmad Razi , Singh Vidya Nand , Srivastava Ritu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) or quantum dots (QDs) have shown great potential for solution-processable photodetector due to their exceptional optical and electronic properties. However, broadband and sensitive photodetection from single QDs- based devices is quite challenging. Nano-heterojunction with proper band alignment based on two different materials offers significant advantages for developing broadband photodetector. Herein, we report ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) to near-infrared (NIR) light-responsive photodetector based on solution-processed nano-heterojunction of visible light absorber CsPbBr3 perovskite NCs and wide absorption range, environment-friendly Bi2S3 QDs. Our results demonstrate that the CsPbBr3–Bi2S3 nano-heterojunction-based photodetector has higher responsivity (380 μA/W at a wavelength of 532 nm) and higher specific detectivity (1.02 × 105 Jones), as compared to the individual CsPbBr3 or Bi2S3 QDs based devices. Interestingly, the detection wavelength range of our heterojunction device is further extended to the near-infrared region (1064 nm) due to the broadband absorption range of Bi2S3 QDs, which is not observed in the visible light absorber CsPbBr3 devices. Remarkably, the responsivity of the heterojunction device is 90 μA W−1. The enhanced specific detectivity and the broadband response of hybrid devices are attributed to the improved charge carrier generation, efficient charge separation and transfer at the interface between CsPbBr3 and Bi2S3 QDs.
Anne Bradstreet
Authors: Achinstein Sharon 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Born in Lincolnshire and arriving in Massachusetts on the Puritan flagship Arbella in 1630, Anne Bradstreet (1612–1672) was a writer of three worlds: England, New England, and the hereafter. In her historical writing Bradstreet strives to reconcile these worlds, writing feelingly of earthly existence and eternal destination, her point of view mediating between human contingency and divine certitude. How did this writer, on the edge of the European world, understand the meaning of history, specifically given the settler condition of her Puritanism? Was there a pattern to history? To what extent did God still intervene in human affairs? Were humans types or individuals, instruments or agents? These questions circle around the axis points of grace and predestination that shaped her Puritan outlook, while her life history carried those questions into the experience of human choice and colonial activity. Bradstreet, it is argued here, viewed her present with some alarm. Her history-writing was, indeed, a way of making sense of, and vouching challenges to, her present.
Women’s Writing and the Puritan Tradition of Memorial
Authors: Whitehouse Tessa 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In the Puritan tradition, women rarely attended funerals. But like all Protestants they were encouraged to learn from the profitable example of the pious lives lived by the recently and long-since departed. One way for them to do this was by reading printed funeral sermons for women or by hearing them being read aloud. These texts comprised a small but strong segment of the lively nonconformist publishing industry and the genre flourished particularly after Toleration and in the first decades of the eighteenth century. Some of these publications included the women’s own writings, usually in the form of letters and diary extracts. Though their male editors framed these writings within a strict interpretative paradigm of humility and domestic devotion, these books offer a rare opportunity to see women’s words in print and can deepen our understanding of how continuities and changes within the Puritan tradition affected religious reading and writing at the turn of the eighteenth century.
Dietary Cinnamaldehyde Activation of TRPA1 Antagonizes High-Salt-Induced Hypertension Through Restoring Renal Tubular Mitochondrial Dysfunction
Authors: Xiong Shiqiang , Lin Shaoyang , Hu Yingru , Xia Weijie , Wang Qianran , Wang Lijuan , Cao Tingbing , Liao Yingying , Scholze Alexandra , Tepel Martin , Zhu Zhiming , Liu Daoyan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The renal proximal tubule (RPT) plays a pivotal role in regulating sodium reabsorption and thus blood pressure (BP). Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) has been reported to protect against renal injury by modulating mitochondrial function. We hypothesize that the activation of TRPA1 by its agonist cinnamaldehyde may mitigate high-salt intake-induced hypertension by inhibiting urinary sodium reabsorption through restoration of renal tubular epithelial mitochondrial function.

METHODS
Trpa1-deficient (Trpa1−/−) mice and wild-type (WT) mice were fed standard laboratory chow [normal diet (ND) group, 0.4% salt], standard laboratory chow with 8% salt [high-salt diet (HS) group], or standard laboratory chow with 8% salt plus 0.015% cinnamaldehyde [high-salt plus cinnamaldehyde diet (HSC) group] for 6 months. Urinary sodium excretion, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial function, and the expression of sodium hydrogen exchanger isoform 3 (NHE3) and Na+/K+-ATPase of RPTs were determined.

RESULTS
Chronic dietary cinnamaldehyde supplementation reduced tail systolic BP and 24-hour ambulatory arterial pressure in HS-fed WT mice. Compared with the mice fed HS, cinnamaldehyde supplementation significantly increased urinary sodium excretion, inhibited excess ROS production, and alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction of RPTs in WT mice. However, these effects of cinnamaldehyde were absent in Trpa1−/− mice. Furthermore, chronic dietary cinnamaldehyde supplementation blunted HS-induced upregulation of NHE3 and Na+/K+-ATPase in WT mice but not Trpa1−/− mice.

CONCLUSIONS
The present study demonstrated that chronic activation of Trpa1 attenuates HS-induced hypertension by inhibiting urinary sodium reabsorption through restoring renal tubular epithelial mitochondrial function. Renal TRPA1 may be a potential target for the management of excessive dietary salt intake-associated hypertension.
Rejoinder to the discussion on “Bayesian meta-analysis of penetrance for cancer risk”
Authors: Ruberu Thanthirige Lakshika M , Braun Danielle , Parmigiani Giovanni , Biswas Swati 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The five discussions of our paper provide several modeling alternatives, extensions, and generalizations that can potentially guide future research in meta-analysis. In this rejoinder, we briefly summarize and comment on some of those points.
The Dermatology Life Quality Index as the primary outcome in randomized clinical trials: a systematic review
Authors: Johns Jeffrey R , Vyas Jui , Ali Faraz M , Ingram John R , Salek Sam , Finlay Andrew Y 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Primary endpoint measures in clinical trials are typically measures of disease severity, with patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) relegated as secondary endpoints. However, validation of some PROMs may be more rigorous than that of disease severity measures, which could provide support for a primary role for PROMs.

Objectives
This study reports on 24 peer reviewed journal articles that used the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) as primary outcome, derived from a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) utlizing DLQI, covering all diseases and interventions.

Methods
The study protocol was prospectively published on the PROSPERO database, and the study followed PRISMA guidelines. Searches were made using MEDLINE, The Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL (EBSCO) and PsycINFO databases and records were combined into an Endnote database. Records were filtered for duplicates and selected based on study inclusion/exclusion criteria. Full-text articles were sourced and data were extracted by two reviewers into a bespoke REDCap database, with a third reviewer adjudicating disagreements. The Jadad scoring method was used to determine risk of bias.

Results
Of the 3220 publications retrieved from online searching, 457 articles met the eligibility criteria and included 198 587 patients. DLQI scores were used as primary outcomes in 24 (5.3%) of these studies comprising 15 different diseases and 3436 patients. Most study interventions (17 of 24 studies, 68%) were systemic drugs, with biologics (liraglutide, alefacept, secukinumab, ustekinumab, adalimumab) accounting for 5 of 25 pharmacological interventions (20%). Topical treatments comprised 32% (8 studies), whereas nonpharmacological interventions (n = 8) were 24% of the total interventions (N = 33). Three studies used nontraditional medicines. Eight studies were multicentred (33.3%), with trials conducted in at least 14 different countries, and four studies (16.7%) were conducted in multiple countries. The Jadad risk of bias scale showed that bias was uncertain or low, as 87.5% of studies had Jadad scores of ≥ 3.

Conclusions
This study provides evidence for use of the DLQI as a primary outcome in clinical trials. Researchers and clinicians can use this data to inform decisions about further use of the DLQI as a primary outcome.