bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
VERTICAL AND TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF COCCINELLIDAE (COLEOPTERA) IN FLIGHT OVER AN AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE
Authors: Boiteau Gilles , Bousquet Yves , Osborn W.P.L. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTwenty-one species of Coccinellidae were trapped in flight between 0.8 and 14.3 m from 1992 to 1995 in New Brunswick, Canada. Catches were larger at 0.8 m, with a rapidly decreasing capture rate leading, on average, to more than 50% of the catches at or below 3.8 m every year. The capture rate at 14.3 m was lower than at any of the nine other levels. Hippodamia convergeas Guérin-Méneville flights were distributed close to the ground, with more than 50% of catches at 0.8 m, whereas Mulsantina hudsonica Casey flights were similar at all levels. The strong decreasing gradient of flight as a function of height for Coccinellidae (−0.825) was strongly influenced by that of H. convergens (−1.809) and of Coccinella septempunctata L. (−0.921) and Coccinella trifasciata perplexa Mulsant (−0.715). All other species had a slope of less than −0.5. The temporal distribution of flights was species specific, with maximum activity before the end of June for most, but this was not reflected in the frequency of catches for the entire family, which did not differ throughout the season, although they tended to be lower after mid-August. The weekly vertical flight distribution differed from the average distribution pattern only occasionally, probably during periods of long-distance dispersal. These profiles and known catches from a single trap location can be used to estimate dispersal activity at different heights.
OOGENESIS IN THE ADULT OF THE EUROPEAN EARWIGFORFICULA AURICULARIA(DERMAPTERA: FORFICULIDAE)
Authors: Tourneur Jean-Claude 
Published: November 2009

AbstractOogenesis and associated ovarian development were studied from the onset of adult eclosion to oviposition in the European earwig,Forficula auriculariaL., by examining histological sections of ovarioles and whole mounts of ovaries. Each pair of ovaries contains a mean of 85.4 ovarioles. Chronologically, oogenesis has been divided into four phases, adult emergence, previtellogenesis, vitellogenesis, and choriogenesis, each described here in detail. The mean size of the basal follicle increases from 15 μm at time of adult emergence to 0.9 mm at time of choriogenesis, and the oocyte to trophocyte ratio increases from 1.0 to 4, with a minimum of 0.5 at the onset of previtellogenesis. The oocyte to trophocyte ratio of 0.7 marks the onset of vitellogenesis, which lasts about three times (60 days) as long as previtellogenesis. The extended vitellogenesis is still under way when females bury themselves in the ground, in October, in the Montréal area.
GROUND AND AERIAL MOVEMENT OF ADULT COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) IN A UNIVOLTINE POPULATION
Authors: Noronha Christine , Cloutier Conrad 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPitfall and screen traps were used around potato Solanum tuberosum L. (Solanaceae) plots to detect directional patterns of prediapause (two seasons) and postdiapause (one season) movement in a univoltine population of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), from Quebec. Prediapause beetles were sampled for diapause readiness using a feeding–digging test. In 1994, a plot left unprotected from the beetle (moderately defoliated) was monitored. In 1995, movement around a plot left unprotected from the beetle (severely defoliated) was compared to that from a plot protected (only lightly defoliated) by inundative release of the potato beetle predator Perillus bioculatus Say (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Movement frequency by postdiapause beetles in spring 1995 was low compared with 1994 prediapause movement, especially on the ground. Low-frequency flying persisted over several weeks of postdiapause beetle oviposition, with only a brief period of directionality. Flight movement by satiated prediapause beetles in August 1994 and 1995 was strongly directional, being oriented toward the closest forest border east of the plots, where sampling confirmed overwintering. In both years, satiated prediapause beetles also emigrated by walking, but mostly from densely populated and defoliated plots. Newly emerged (unsatiated) prediapause beetles emigrated en masse from severely defoliated plants, and did so exclusively by walking. Directional walking contrasted with directional flying in being predominantly oriented south-westward to northwestward, suggesting cueing on the sun position during warm hours of the day.
GAMMA RADIATION DOSES FOR PREVENTING PUPARIATION AND ADULT EMERGENCE OFRHAGOLETIS MENDAX(DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE)
Authors: Sharp Jennifer L. , Polavarapu Sridhar 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBlueberry maggot,Rhagoletis mendaxCurran, eggs and larvae infesting highbush ’Bluecrop’ and ’Elizabeth’ blueberries,Vaccinium corymbosumL. (Ericaceae), were treated with 4–1200 Gy of gamma radiation. The treatment reduced the number of immature stages that pupated and the number of adults that emerged from puparia. The lethal dose for 99.9968% mortality (LD 99.9968%) [lower and upper fiducial limits (FL)] estimated by linear regression analysis to stop pupariation was 1486 (1400–1585) Gy, at the 95% confidence level. The LD 99.99968% (lower and upper FL) estimated to stop flies emerging from puparia irradiated as immature stages was 88 (83–93) Gy, at the 95% confidence level as estimated by regression analysis. An estimated 100 762 larvae were killed, with no survivors, by irradiating 853 918 ’Bluecrop’ blueberries in bulk quantities with 71–776 Gy with a commercial irradiator. No flies or parasites emerged from puparia irradiated as larvae with ≥ 71 and > 80 Gy using commercial and research irradiators, respectively. Infestation rate of blueberry maggot larvae in nonirradiated ’Bluecrop’ and ’Elizabeth’ blueberries averaged 11.1 ± 1.2% and 14.3 ± 2.4%, respectively; the range of infestation rate was from 6.3% to 14.8% and 9.8% to 18%, respectively. Parasitism of blueberry maggot larvae by the larval–puparial parasite,Diachasmimorpha(Opius)mellea(Gahan) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), averaged 10.1 ± 2.4% (range 3–13.3%).
COMPARISON OF PLASTIC-LINED TRENCHES AND EXTRUDED PLASTIC TRAPS FOR CONTROLLING LEPTINOTARSA DECEMLINEATA (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)
Authors: Boiteau G. , Osborn W.P.L. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe efficacy of an extruded plastic trap placed on the ground was measured against plastic-lined trenches used to prevent the colonization of potato fields by walking overwintered Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say). Laboratory comparisons showed that the original standard extruded trap did not capture as many adult beetles as the plastic-lined trench but that this could be corrected by abrading its surface. Beetles took longer to be trapped by the extruded trap than by the trench and walked away more frequently. The efficacy of the two barriers was unaffected by light simulated rain. Field tests in 1996 and 1997 confirmed that plastic-lined trenches can reduce adult abundance and egg deposition within field even when beetle populations were low. The original extruded trap did not significantly reduce egg deposition. However, it is suggested that a modified extruded trap could be used together with the plastic-lined trench to provide temporary closure of untrenched field sections used for farm equipment access or to surround small fields.
A MORPHOMETRIC APPROACH TO THE TAXONOMY OF THE GENUSCERAMIDA(COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEOIDEA: MELOLONTHIDAE)
Authors: Sanmartín Isabel , Martín-Piera Fermín 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe taxonomy of the genusCeramidaBaraud, 1987, some species of which are severe pests, is considered difficult because of a lack of reliable diagnostic characters. We propose a new approach to the taxonomy of this genus by studying the efficacy of morphometric characters for species discrimination employing multivariate analysis. All members of the genus were included in the analysis. The seven morphometric characters considered were all found to be diagnostic at me species level: width of clypeus at base and at mid-length, and length of clypeus, full body, antennal club and stem, and apical segment of maxillary palp. The most informative character is the length of the antennal club relative to body size. This character divides the genus into three morphological groups. The ratios traditionally employed in the taxonomy of this genus cannot be used as discrete characters because there are no gaps in their range of variation. Our discriminant analysis produced several classification functions that serve as a new taxonomic tool to distinguish between morphologically similar species. Eleven species are recognized within the genus and eight new synonymies are proposed.
NEW SPECIES AND RECORDS OF “SMALL CARRION BEETLES” (COLEOPTERA: LEIODIDAE; CHOLEVINAE) FROM CAVES AND FORESTS OF CUBA AND HISPANIOLA
Authors: Peck Stewart B. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDissochaetus cubensissp.nov. is described from Cuba. New forest and cave records are given for the previously poorly known species Proptomaphaginus apodemus Szymczakowski and Proptomaphaginus darlingtoni (Jeannel) from Cuba and Proptomaphaginus hispaniolensis Peck from the Dominican Republic on the West Indian island of Hispaniola.
DIFFERENTIAL MORTALITY BETWEEN MALE AND FEMALE CHORISTONEURA OCCIDENTALIS (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) LARVAE EXPOSED TO A BACULOVIRUS WITH OR WITHOUT OPTICAL BRIGHTENERS
Authors: Li S.Y. , Otvos I.S. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractFifth-instar larval mortality was compared between male and female Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman exposed in the laboratory to sublethal doses of Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (CfMNPV) with or without optical brighteners. More females than males died when the virus was used alone, but differences were not significant. When 1% brightener was added to CfMNPV suspension, differences in larval mortality between males and females were significant for three of the four brighteners tested. In addition, times at which 50% of the larvae died indicated that female larvae died 23 and 39% more quickly than male larvae, respectively, when brightener Blankophor HRS and Tinopal LPW were added to the virus, whereas at times at which 95% of the larvae died indicated that females died 33 and 54% faster than males. Alteration of sex ratio favoring male survival can play a significant role in the biological control of C. occidentalis by the virus.
PHYSIOLOGICAL ADAPTATION TO TEMPORAL VARIATION IN CONIFER FOLIAGE BY A CATERPILLAR
Authors: Carroll Allan L. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractLarvae of the hemlock looper, Lambdina fiscellaria fiscellaria (Guenée) (Lepidoptere: Geometridae), consume both new and old foliage within the crowns of their host, balsam fir, Abies balsamea (L.) Miller (Pinaceae), despite the poor nutritional quality generally ascribed to old tissues. Laboratory studies evaluated whether the consumption of old foliage by hemlock looper larvae could be an adaptation to the relative paucity of new versus old foliage, and to the limited temporal window during which young foliage remains high in nutritional quality. Access to new foliage was critical to hemlock looper survival; 55% of larvae fed an exclusive diet of new foliage survived, whereas only 5% and 0% of larvae fed exclusively 1-or 2-year-old foliage survived, respectively. Moreover, larvae reared on branches in synchrony with bud flush were more than twice as likely to survive than those whose emergence was delayed by 2 weeks. Despite the reliance by the hemlock looper upon new foliage for survival, larvae given access to both new and old foliage survived better and were heavier than those restricted to new foliage. By incorporating older foliage into their diet, the hemlock looper can circumvent the limited availability of new foliage, thereby gaining access to more abundant tissues.
TOWARDS PHEROMONE-BASED DETECTION OF LYMANTRIA MONACHA (LEPIDOPTERA: LYMANTRIIDAE) IN NORTH AMERICA
Authors: Morewood P. , Gries G. , Häußler D. , Möller K. , Liska J. , Kapitola P. , Bogenschütz H. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe research objective of this study was to develop a pheromone-based detection system for the nun moth, Lymantria monacha (Linnaeus), an important defoliator of spruce, Picea A. Dietrich, and pine, Pinus Linnaeus (Pinaceae), forests in central Europe. In northeastern Germany, comparative analyses of rubber- and polyurethane-based dispensers impregnated with a 20:20:1 blend of (±)-disparlure (cis-7,8-epoxy-2-methyloctadecane), (±)-monachalure (cis-7,8-epoxy-octadecane), and 2-methyl-Z7-octadecene revealed that polyurethane-based dispensers afforded higher captures of male L. monacha. Species specificity and optimal dose of the pheromone dispenser were tested in deciduous rather than coniferous forests in central Europe to better reflect nonhabitat settings, such as North American ports, in which detection surveys would be conducted. Baiting Unitraps with 2, 20, 200, or 2000 μg [based on (±)-disparlure] of the L. monacha volatile blend resulted in increasing, species-specific captures of male L. monacha with increasing volatile dose. (±)-Disparlure, previously used for detection of L. monacha, tested at the same four doses indiscriminately attracted male L. monacha and male Lymantria dispar (Linnaeus). Polyurethane-based dispensers loaded with at least 200 μg of the L. monacha volatile blend are recommended for sensitive detection surveys of L. monacha in North America.
NEW SPECIES IN THE GENERA MINILIMOSINA ROHÁĈEK AND PHTHITIA ENDERLEIN (DIPTERA: SPHAEROCERIDAE) FROM ANCIENT SITKA SPRUCE (PINACEAE) FOREST
Authors: Marshall S.A. , Winchester N.N. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDiptera caught in malaise traps set in forests of Sitka spruce, Picea sitchensis (Bon.) Carrière, in the Carmanah Valley, on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, included two new species of Sphaeroceridae. Minilimosina sitka Marshall sp.nov. and Phthitia squamosa Marshall sp.nov. are described for the first time and compared with related species. Fourteen other sphaerocerid species caught with these species are listed.
MORTALITY OF MATURE THIRD-INSTAR CARIBBEAN FRUIT FLY (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) EXPOSED TO MICROWAVE ENERGY
Authors: Sharp Jennifer L. , Robertson Jacqueline L. , Preisler Haiganoush K. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractOur investigation estimates time–temperature relationships and demonstrates the effect of rapid heating on mortality of Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew). Mature larvae (third instars) in water were exposed to each of seven temperatures (44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, and 50 °C) and each of five power levels (11, 27.5, 55, 88, and 122 W) in a research-quality microwave oven. Controls were immersed in water for 30 min and not exposed to microwave energy. Data were analyzed by a probit model with three explanatory variables. The variables were time to reach target temperature, power, and final temperature. Temperature needed to control the larvae increased as power increased. Of the power–temperature levels, the only combinations that resulted in > 99% mortality were the lowest power (16 W) at 49 or 50 °C and 30 W at 50 °C. Time required for > 99% mortality decreased with increased power. Thus, as power delivered to larvae increased and time needed to reach exposure temperature deceased, percent mortality decreased. We conclude that rapid heating imposes serious constraints on the use of heat-induced mortality; this result raises important questions that must be addressed because quarantine security may be jeopardized.
BIOLOGY OF PINE FALSE WEBWORM (HYMENOPTERA: PAMPHILIIDAE) DURING AN OUTBREAK
Authors: Asaro Christopher , Allen Douglas C. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe life history of pine false webworm, Acantholyda erythrocephala (L.), in three pine (Pinaceae) plantations in northern New York is similar to that reported for this species on red pine, Pinus resinosa Aiton, in Ontario. Adult emergence extended from early May to early June. The sex ratio of emerging adults favored males by as much as 2.7:1. Oviposition occurred from mid-May to early June. Significantly more eggs per fascicle were deposited on the distal third of branches and in the lower third of the crown. Larval feeding took place throughout June. The proportion of prepupae remaining in the soil for more than 1 year varied from 9% to 66% between two sites. There was no evidence of egg parasitism, and egg survival exceeded 95% in each of 2 years. A new species of nematode (Steinernema sp.) (Nematoda: Steinernematidae) was recovered from pronymphs. Homaspis interruptus (Provancher) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) parasitized larvae and emerged from 8.5% and 2.8% of the pronymphs in two populations.
SURVEY AND RELEASE OF PARASITOIDS (HYMENOPTERA) ATTACKING HOUSE AND STABLE FLIES (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE) IN DAIRY OPERATIONS
Authors: McKay Tanja , Galloway Terry D. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn 1995, Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), a commercially available pupal parasitoid of the house fly, Musca domestica L., and stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae), was purchased to examine the status of wasps being sold to Manitoba producers. Percentage of pupae parasitized, numbers of parasitoids per pupa, total parasitoids, and parasitoid sex ratio were determined for each shipment of parasitoids received. To determine the extent to which these wasps could successfully parasitize house flies and stable flies, parasitoids were released weekly in four Manitoba dairy barns and levels of parasitism estimated. In 10 622 freeze-killed sentinel house fly pupae, 2.2% were parasitized throughout the season by N. vitripennis, and 5.8% were parasitized by eight other species of parasitoids. Of 11 897 naturally occurring house fly and stable fly pupae, 0.6% were parasitized by N. vitripennis, and 3.4% by eight other species of parasitoids. In four barns where there were no releases of N. vitripennis, 1.1% of 11 779 sentinel pupae were parasitized by four species of parasitoids and 3.8% of 8384 naturally occurring house fly and stable fly pupae were parasitized by nine species. The release of an estimated 3 648 093 N. vitripennis did not result in substantial parasitism in either sentinel pupae or naturally occurring pupae. In 1996, live sentinel house fly pupae (n = 50 842) and house fly and stable fly pupae occurring naturally (n = 4691) were collected in two of the nonrelease barns from the 1995 study to examine the activity of endemic parasitoids. Of the sentinel and naturally occurring pupae sampled, 4.0% and 9.4% were parasitized, respectively. Phygadeuon fumator Gravenhörst (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) was the most abundant parasitoid, accounting for 97.4% and 79.9% of parasitoids collected from sentinel pupae and naturally occurring pupae, respectively. Other parasitoids included Urolepis rufipes (Ashmead), Muscidifurax raptor Girault and Sanders, Muscidifurax zaraptor Kogan and Legner, Spalangia subpunctata Först, Spalangia cameroni Perkins, Spalangia nigra Latreille, and a species of Trichomalopsis Crawford (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae).
POLLEN STORAGE AND FORAGING BY HONEY BEES (HYMENOPTERA: APIDAE) IN HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRIES (ERICACEAE), CULTIVAR BLUECROP
Authors: Dogterom Margriet H. , Winston Mark L. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe investigated pollen and nectar foraging of honey bees,Apis melliferaL., from pollen-poor and pollen-rich, small and large colonies in blooming highbush blueberry,Vaccinium corymbosumL. cv. Bluecrop fields. The proportion of pollen foragers differed significantly between pollen-rich and pollen-poor colonies after storage levels were manipulated, but foraging and pollen stores returned to similar levels within a week. No differences were found in small colonies, although the proportion of pollen foragers was high (46% and 45% from pollen-rich and pollen-poor colonies, respectively). Only 7.6% of pollen foragers carriedVacciniumsp. pollen in their loads independent of treatment, day, and colony size, whereas 60.8% of nectar foragers carried up to 100 tetrads ofVacciniumsp. pollen on their bodies. The average proportion ofVacciniumsp. pollen carried by nectar and pollen foragers per day and treatment was less than 10%. Our research indicates that when colonies are placed in fields of blooming blueberry flowers, pollen foraging is stimulated in large colonies with stores that are pollen poor, but predominantly for pollen types other than blueberry. This research indicates that nectar foragers are the major visitor of highbush blueberry cv. Bluecrop and suggests that increasing the number of nectar foragers rather than pollen foragers would result in more honey bees foraging on highbush blueberry, in particular cv. Bluecrop.
EVALUATION OF FACTORS AFFECTING TREE AND STAND SUSCEPTIBILITY TO THE DOUGLAS-FIR BEETLE (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)
Authors: Shore T.L. , Safranyik L. , Riel W.G. , Ferguson M. , Castonguay J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTree and site characteristics were compared between 19 groups of Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco (Pinaceae), infested by Douglas-fir beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins, and 19 uninfested groups to identify individual or combinations of characteristics associated with Douglas-fir beetle attacks. Of the tree characteristics, diameter, height, age, phloem thickness, bark thickness, and a standardized variable consisting of diameter divided by the last 10 years growth rate (DBHTYG) showed significant differences. None of the site characteristics showed significant differences between infested and uninfested areas. Two models, identified through discriminant analysis, placed 84 and 87% of the data in the correct infestation groups. These models included the variables diameter, height, phloem thickness, aspect, and DBHTYG in various combinations. The results were confirmed using a jackknifed cross-validation approach. These variables have potential for use in the development of a biological process model of tree and stand susceptibility to the Douglas-fir beetle.
TOWARD PHEROMONE-BASED MATING DISRUPTION OF ENARMONIA FORMOSANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) ON ORNAMENTAL CHERRY TREES
Authors: McNair Crawford , Gries Gerhard , Sidney Mark 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe potential for pheromone-mediated mating disruption of the cherry bark tortrix (CBT), Enarmonia formosana (Scopoli), was evaluated by attaching PVC tube dispensers to the trunks of mature (> 40 cm diameter at breast height) ornamental cherry trees, Prunus cvs., lining suburban streets of New Westminster and Vancouver, British Columbia. Dispensers released either a blend of (E)-9-dodecenyl acetate (E9-12:OAc, 49.5%), (Z)-9-dodecenyl acetate (Z9-12:OAc, 49.5%), and (Z)-7-decenyl acetate (Z7-10:OAc, 1%) at a rate of 29 mg/day (Exp. 1), or E9-12:OAc alone at 27 mg/day (Exp. 2), 4 mg/day (Exp. 3), or 0.5 mg/day (Exp. 4). A sticky Delta trap baited with a grey rubber septum impregnated with CBT pheromone components E9-12:OAc (40 μg), Z9-12:AOc (60 μg), and Z7-10:OAc (1 μg) was placed in each tree. Captures of male CBTs in treatment trees were significantly reduced compared with control trees in all experiments. Results suggest that disruption of pheromone-based communication in CBT around individual cherry trees is feasible with a pheromone blend or with E9-12:OAc alone, and could become part of an integrated management strategy for CBT in urban environments.