bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Patients with Juvenile Onset Systemic Sclerosis in an Adult Single-center Cohort
Authors: FOELDVARI IVAN , NIHTYANOVA SVETLANA I. , WIERK ANGELA , DENTON CHRISTOPHER P. 
Published: September 2010

Objective.Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare connective tissue disease in childhood. We compared the characteristics of adult patients with juvenile-onset SSc (jSSc) from a single-center cohort to an adult-onset group.Methods.Patients with disease onset before the age of 17 years were included in the jSSc cohort, while subjects with SSc onset after age 17 formed the adult-onset cohort.Results.We identified 52 adult subjects with jSSc and compared them to 954 patients with adult-onset SSc. The mean ± SD age at disease onset of the patients with jSSc was 14 ± 2 years, 39 (75%) of them were women, and 24 (46%) had the diffuse cutaneous subset of SSc (dcSSc). There were no differences between the 2 cohorts in terms of sex and disease subset. Overlaps were significantly more frequent among the jSSc cohort (37%) compared to the adult-onset group (18%; p = 0.002). Autoantibody analysis demonstrated significantly more antitopoisomerase I antibody-positive subjects (33% vs 20%; p = 0.034) and significantly fewer anticentromere antibody-positive subjects (2% vs 25%; p < 0.001) in the jSSc cohort. Compared to the adult-onset group at 10 years from disease onset, survival was significantly higher among the subjects with jSSc (98% vs 75%; p = 0.001), pulmonary arterial hypertension had a significantly lower incidence (2% vs 14%; p = 0.032), and there was no difference in terms of pulmonary fibrosis (22% vs 21%) and cardiac scleroderma (3% vs 2%) between the 2 groups.Conclusion.The high survival rates and lower proportion of dcSSc in the adult jSSc cohort may represent a survival bias.
A New ‘Reform Text' of Uruinimgina : UKG 63
Authors: Vukosavović Filip 
Published: September 2010

Résumé Cet article présente un texte nouvellement identifié de la « réforme » d’Uruinimgina, auquel nous donnons le numéro Ukg 63. Ce fragment de cône est conservé à la Cornell University (CUNES 49-14-001) et donne un témoignage d’un nouveau, le quatrième, exemplaire du groupe des textes de la « réforme » d’Uruinimgina. Une étude détaillée de ce texte et de tous les autres de la « réforme » d’Uruinimgina sera fournie par l’auteur dans sa thèse de doctorat à venir.
Accusative as Casus Pendens? A Hitherto Unrecognized Emphatic Construction in early Akkadian Royal Inscriptions
Authors: Kogan Leonid 
Published: September 2010

Résumé La forme inhabituelle du pronom relatif introduisant la personne maudite dans les formules de malédiction des inscriptions royales sargoniques a souvent été observée par les assyriologues : à la place du nominatif attendu ( casus pendens ) * šu , la forme accusative ša est régulièrement attestée. Dans les études récentes, cette particularité a été parfois considérée comme un reste d’une particularité linguistique antérieure à la forme standard de l’akkadien littéraire sargonique. Selon l’argumentation du présent article, ce phénomène n’est pas restreint aux formules de malédiction, ni au corpus sargonique en général. Des parallèles clairs en ont été détectés dans divers contextes dans les inscriptions royales akkadiennes du début du deuxième millénaire av. J.-C. Nous sommes ainsi confrontés à un motif stylistique utilisé sciemment dont l’arrière plan linguistique reste à élucider.
Les idéologies à Rome : les modalités du discours politique de Cicéron à Auguste
Authors: Le Doze Philippe 
Published: September 2010

Résumé À travers l’analyse de textes allant de la fin de la République au Principat d’Auguste, l’auteur se propose de vérifier la validité du concept d’idéologie dans la société romaine. Sous la République, le droit à commander relevait plus de la vertu et de l’appartenance à une gens illustre que d’une vision de l’avenir, d’un dessein communautaire. Ce qui était demandé aux dirigeants, c’était d’assurer le bon fonctionnement des institutions et la sécurité des citoyens. Le monde romain se refusait à imaginer une société autre. Lors d’une crise, il s’agissait de restaurer, non de proposer. Avec le Principat d’Auguste, le discours officiel se modifie et tend désormais à lier le destin de Rome et l’abondance à la gensAugusta. Dans le même temps, un discours d’opposition apparaît lié à la forme du régime. Si l’on ne peut parler de réelle idéologie, le Principat d’Auguste marque au moins l’apparition d’une proto-idéologie.
Les maréchaux de la Ligue
Authors: El Hage Fadi 
Published: September 2010

Résumé Considérés comme une anomalie institutionnelle, les maréchaux de France choisis par le duc de Mayenne au temps de la Ligue ont souvent été négligés par l’historiographie. Leur illégalité présumée est soulignée par le fait que nombre d’entre eux se rallièrent à Henri IV, qui les confirma dans leur dignité, faisant d’eux des « bâtards légitimés ». Cependant, au-delà de ce rejet historiographique du vainqueur, la question des maréchaux de la Ligue aide à mieux connaître les raisons sociales et institutionnelles qui aboutirent à une telle « dissidence ». Le devenir de ces maréchaux, dont le nombre exact a curieusement échappé à la plupart des auteurs s’étant intéressés de près ou de loin à ce problème, met en évidence la diversité des manières de mettre fin à la guerre civile.
L'âme est à Dieu et l'honneur à nous
Authors: Drévillon Hervé 
Published: September 2010

Résumé Dans l’ Esprit des lois , Montesquieu établit que l’honneur est « principe du gouvernement monarchie ». Souvent, ce postulat a été considéré comme l’expression d’une nostalgie aristocratique. Or la culture de l’honneur n’est pas restée l’apanage exclusif des duellistes ou des gentilshommes « malcontents ». Elle a été partagée par l’ensemble des individus de la société d’ancien régime. L’honneur, en effet, est une équation personnelle par laquelle un individu définit ce qu’il doit aux autres et ce que les autres lui doivent. En ce sens, ce principe ne forme pas un système inerte, mais constitue bien une pratique sociale par laquelle un individu affirme son adhésion à un ensemble de codes et de valeurs formant une identité collective, dont il se proclame l’incarnation et le juge souverain. En ce sens, le sentiment de l’honneur a contribué à l’émergence de l’individu dans le cadre d’une société d’ordres et de privilèges.
CD8 Controls T Cell Cross-Reactivity
Authors: Wooldridge Linda , Laugel Bruno , Ekeruche Julia , Clement Mathew , van den Berg Hugo A. , Price David A. , Sewell Andrew K. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Estimates of human αβ TCR diversity suggest that there are &lt;108 different Ag receptors in the naive T cell pool, a number that is dwarfed by the potential number of different antigenic peptide-MHC (pMHC) molecules that could be encountered. Consequently, an extremely high degree of cross-reactivity is essential for effective T cell immunity. Ag recognition by T cells is unique in that it involves a coreceptor that binds at a site distinct from the TCR to facilitate productive engagement of the pMHC. In this study, we show that the CD8 coreceptor controls T cell cross-reactivity for pMHCI Ags, thereby ensuring that the peripheral T cell repertoire is optimally poised to negotiate the competing demands of responsiveness in the face of danger and quiescence in the presence of self.
Bim Dictates Naive CD4 T Cell Lifespan and the Development of Age-Associated Functional Defects
Authors: Tsukamoto Hirotake , Huston Gail E. , Dibble John , Duso Debra K. , Swain Susan L. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWith age, peripheral naive CD4 T cells become both longer lived and functionally impaired and they express reduced levels of Bim, a proapoptotic Bcl family member. In this study, we show that reduced Bim expression by naive CD4 T cells intrinsically mediates their longer lifespan in the periphery. Moreover, using mixed bone marrow chimeras reconstituted with Bim+/+ and Bim+/− bone marrow cells, Bim+/− naive CD4 T cells exhibit accelerated development of age-associated dysfunctions, including reduced proliferation and IL-2 production and defective helper function for B cells, without any increase in their turnover. However, newly generated Bim+/− naive CD4 T cells in middle-aged mice are not defective, indicating an additional requirement for their persistence in the periphery. These age-associated immune defects develop independently of the “aged” host environment and without extensive division, distinguishing them from classic “senescence.” We suggest that the reduction of Bim levels with age in naive CD4 T cell is the initiating step that leads to increased cellular lifespan and development of age-associated functional defects.
C1q Deficiency Leads to the Defective Suppression of IFN-α in Response to Nucleoprotein Containing Immune Complexes
Authors: Santer Deanna M. , Hall Brian E. , George Thaddeus C. , Tangsombatvisit Stephanie , Liu Chih Long , Arkwright Peter D. , Elkon Keith B. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Almost all humans with homozygous deficiency of C1q develop systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The precise cellular mechanism(s) by which C1q prevents the development of SLE remains unclear. In this study, we tested the role of C1q in the regulation of IFN-α induced by immune complexes (ICs) in vitro, as well as the consequences of lack of C1q in vivo. Our experiments revealed that C1q preferentially promotes the binding of SLE ICs to monocytes rather than plasmacytoid dendritic cells, but this inhibition was not due to the induction of inhibitory soluble factors. The presence of C1q also altered the trafficking of ICs within monocytes such that ICs persisted in early endosomes. In patients with C1q deficiency, serum and cerebrospinal fluid levels of IFN-α and IFN-γ–inducible protein-10 levels were elevated and strongly correlated with Ro autoantibodies, demonstrating the clinical significance of these observations. These studies therefore associate C1q deficiency with defective regulation of IFN-α and provide a better understanding of the cellular mechanisms by which C1q prevents the development of IC-stimulated autoimmunity.
The Capacity To Induce Cross-Presentation Dictates the Success of a TLR7 Agonist-Conjugate Vaccine for Eliciting Cellular Immunity
Authors: Oh Jason Z. , Kedl Ross M. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Covalent conjugation of TLR agonists to protein Ags often facilitates the generation of a CD8+ T cell response. However, mechanisms underlying the efficacy of the conjugate over its unconjugated counterpart have been largely uninvestigated. In this study, we show that conjugation of a TLR7 agonist enhances CD8+ T cell responses without affecting Ag persistence and with minimal impact on cellular uptake of the Ag in vivo. Instead, the conjugated form induced a robust accumulation of dendritic cells (DCs) in regional lymph nodes. Perhaps more importantly, cross-presentation in DCs was detected only when the Ag was delivered in the conjugated form with the TLR7 agonist. Collectively, these data represent the first demonstration that a TLR agonist–Ag conjugate elicits CD8+ T cell responses based not on its capacity to induce DC maturation or Ag persistence and uptake, but on the engagement of DC cross-presentation pathways.
Pricing Damaged Goods
Authors: McAfee R. Preston 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Companies with market power occasionally engage in intentional quality reduction of a portion of their output as a means of offering two qualities of goods for the purpose of price discrimination, even absent a cost saving. This paper provides an exact characterization in terms of marginal revenues of when such a strategy is profitable, which, remarkably, does not depend on the distribution of customer valuations, but only on the value of the damaged product relative to the undamaged product. In particular, when the damaged product provides a constant proportion of the value of the full product, selling a damaged good is unprofitable. One quality reduction produces higher profits than another if the former has higher marginal revenue than the latter.
Wage Dispersion, Over-Qualification, and Reder Competition
Authors: Schlicht Ekkehart 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe expansion of higher education in the Western countries has been accompanied by a marked widening of wage differentials and increasing over-qualification. While the increase in wage differentials has been attributed to skill-biased technological change that made advanced skills scarce, this explanation does not fit well with the observed increase in over-qualification which suggests that advanced skills are in excess supply. By “Reder-competition” I refer to the simultaneous adjustment of wage offers and hiring standards in response to changing labor market conditions. I present a simple model of Reder competition that depicts wages as driven by labor heterogeneity, rather than scarcity. The mechanism may give rise to a simultaneous increase in wage differentials and over-qualification.
A Simple Note on Informational Cascades
Authors: Fiore Annamaria , Morone Andrea 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSeminal models of herd behaviour and informational cascades point out existence of negative information externalities, and propose to ‘destroy’ information in order to achieve social improvements. Although in the last years many features of herd behaviour and informational cascades have been studied, this particular aspect has never been extensively analysed. In this article we try to fill this gap, investigating both theoretically and experimentally whether and to which extent destroying information can improve welfare. Our empirical results show that this decisional mechanism actually leads to a behaviour pattern more consistent with the theory that in turn produces the predicted efficiency gain.
Measuring Real Value and Inflation
Authors: Hillinger Claude 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
The most important economic measures are monetary. They have many different names, are derived in different theories and employ different formulas; yet, they all attempt to do the same thing: to separate a change in nominal value into a ‘real part’ due to the changes in quantities and an inflation due to the changes in prices. Examples are: real national product and its components, the GNP deflator, the CPI, various measures related to consumer surplus, as well as the large number of formulas for price and quantity indexes that have been proposed. The theories that have been developed to derive these measures are largely unsatisfactory. The axiomatic theory of indexes does not make clear which economic problem a particular formula can be used to solve. The economic theories are for the most part based on unrealistic assumptions. For example, the theory of the CPI is usually developed for a single consumer with homothetic preferences and then applied to a large aggregate of diverse consumers with non-homothetic preferences.
In this paper I review both the general literature and my own past contributions in order to identify theories of measurement that are based on plausible economic assumptions. It turns out that all such theories lead to the Törnqvist price or quantity indexes. The paper also covers several related topics, particularly the presently unsatisfactory determination of the components of real GDP. I also propose a novel set of integrated accounts to measure changes in relative prices as well as the sectoral sources of inflation.
Global Factors, Unemployment Adjustment and the Natural Rate
Authors: Smith Ron , Zoega Gylfi 
Published: September 2010

AbstractOECD unemployment rates show long swings which dominate shorter business cycle components and these long swings show a range of common patterns. Using a panel of 21 OECD countries 1960-2002, we estimate the common factor that drives unemployment by the first principal component. This factor has a natural interpretation as a measure of global expected returns, which is given added plausibility by the fact that it is almost identical to the common factor driving investment shares. We estimate a model of unemployment adjustment, which allows for the influence both of the global factor and of labour market institutions and we examine whether the global factor can act as a proxy for the natural rate in a Phillips Curve. In 15 out of the 21 countries one cannot reject that the same natural rate, as a function of the global factor, appears in both the unemployment and inflation equations. In explaining both unemployment and inflation, the global factor is highly significant, suggesting that models which ignore the global dimension are likely to be deficient.
The New Keynesian Phillips Curve Tested on OECD Panel Data
Authors: Bjørnstad Roger , Nymoen Ragnar 
Published: September 2010

AbstractUsing a panel data set for OECD countries we replicate the typical features of the New Keynesian Phillips curve models (NPCs) that have been estimated on country data. While this corroborates the NPC also on the macro panel data set, a different conclusion is reached when we test whether the NPC encompasses an existing model of inflation which is without feed-forward terms, but which allows for other adjustment factors than the NPC. We find that the NPC’s expected rate of future inflation and real marginal costs are weak explanatory variables, and that their statistical significance in the typical NPC is due to correlation with the equilibrium correction terms that are implied by the existing inflation model. Our results are in line with the relatively few encompassing studies that exist on country and area data.
The Social Cost of Carbon: Trends, Outliers and Catastrophes
Authors: Tol Richard S.J. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
211 estimates of the social cost of carbon are included in a meta-analysis. The results confirm that a lower discount rate implies a higher estimate; and that higher estimates are found in the gray literature. It is also found that there is a downward trend in the economic impact estimates of the climate; that the Stern Review’s estimates of the social cost of carbon is an outlier; and that the right tail of the distribution is fat. There is a fair chance that the annual climate liability exceeds the annual income of many people.
West-East Convergence in the Prevalence of Cannabis Use: Socioeconomics or Culture?
Authors: Tauchmann Harald 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
In contrast to West Germany, illicit drugs were virtually absent in East Germany until 1990. However, after the collapse of the former GDR, East Germany was expected to encounter a sharp increase in substance abuse. By analyzing individual data, we find that East Germany largely caught up with West Germany’s ever-growing prevalence of cannabis use within a single decade. We decompose the west-east difference in prevalence rates into an explained and an unexplained part using a modified Blinder-Oaxaca procedure. This decomposition suggests that the observed convergence is only weakly related to socioeconomic characteristics and therefore remains mainly unexplained. That is, West and East Germans seem to have become more alike per se. We conclude that both parts of the country have converged in terms of the culture of cannabis consumption.
Evaluating the New Keynesian Phillips Curve under VAR-based Learning
Authors: Fanelli Luca 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper proposes an econometric evaluation of the New Keynesian Phillips Curve (NKPC) in the euro area, under a particular specification of the adaptive learning hypothesis. The key assumption is that agents’ perceived law of motion is a Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model, whose coefficients are updated by maximum likelihood estimation as the information set increases over time. Each time new data is available, likelihood ratio tests for the cross-equation restrictions that the NKPC imposes on the VAR coefficients are computed and compared with a proper set of critical values, which take the sequential nature of the test into account. The analysis focuses on the case in which the variables can be approximated as nonstationary cointegrated processes. Results on quarterly data relative to the period 1981−2006 show that: (i) the euro area inflation rate and the wage share are cointegrated, although their relationship does not appear stable during the eighties and first nineties; (ii) the cointegrated version of the ‘hybrid’ NKPC is sharply rejected under the rational expectations hypothesis; (iii) the NKPC is rejected also when the model is evaluated under a particular formulation of the adaptive learning hypothesis over the monitoring period 1986−2006.
Should We Trust the Empirical Evidence from Present Value Models of the Current Account?
Authors: Mercereau Benoît , Miniane Jacques 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
The present value model of the current account has been very popular, as it provides an optimal benchmark to which actual current account series have often been compared. We show why persistence in observed current account data makes the estimated optimal series very sensitive to small-sample estimation error, making it almost impossible to determine whether the consumption-smoothing current account tracks the actual current account closely, or not closely at all. Moreover, the standard Wald test of the model will falsely accept or reject the model with substantial probability. Monte Carlo simulations and estimations using annual and quarterly data from five OECD countries strongly support our predictions. In particular, we conclude that two important consensus results in the literature – that the optimal series is highly correlated with the actual series, but substantially less volatile – are not statistically robust.
Measuring Long-Run Exchange Rate Pass-Through
Authors: de Bandt Olivier , Banerjee Anindya , Koźluk Tomasz 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
The paper discusses the issue of estimating short- and long-run exchange rate pass-through to import prices in euro area countries and reviews some problems with the measures recently proposed in the literature. Theoretical considerations suggest a cointegrating relationship (between import unit values, the exchange rate and foreign prices), which is typically ignored in existing empirical studies. We use time series and up-to-date panel data techniques to test for cointegration with the possibility of structural breaks and show how the long run may be restored in the estimation. The main finding is that allowing for possible breaks around the formation of EMU and the appreciation of the euro starting in 2001 helps restore a long run cointegration relationship, where over the sample period the fixed component of the pass-through decreased while the variable component tended to increase.
A Model of an Optimum Currency Area
Authors: Ricci Luca Antonio 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper develops a model of the circumstances under which it is beneficial to participate in a currency area. The proposed two-country monetary model of trade with nominal rigidities encompasses the real and monetary arguments suggested by the optimum currency area literature: correlation of real and monetary shocks, international factor mobility, fiscal adjustment, openness, difference in national inflationary biases, and transactions costs. The effect of openness on the net benefits is ambiguous, contrary to the usual argument that more open economies are better candidates for a currency area. Also, prospective member countries do not necessarily agree on whether a given currency union should be created.