bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Higher‐order factor structure of the Differential Ability Scales–II: Consistency across ages 4 to 17
Authors: Keith Timothy Z. , Low Justin A. , Reynolds Matthew R. , Patel Puja G. , Ridley Kristen P. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe recently published second edition of the Differential Abilities Scale (DAS‐II) is designed to measure multiple broad and general abilities from Cattell–Horn–Carroll (CHC) theory. Although the technical manual presents information supporting the test's structure, additional research is needed to determine the constructs measured by the test and the consistency of measurement across ages. The purposes of this research were to determine whether the DAS‐II measures the CHC abilities it is designed to measure and whether it does so consistently across the 4 to 17 year age span. We analyzed competing higher‐order CFA models using 800 participants, ages 5 through 8, from the DAS‐II standardization. The final validation model from this series of analyses tested for factor invariance across the 4 to 17 year age span by using a reference variable approach. Our findings supported the DAS‐II's intended structure, with minor exceptions. Findings also supported the invariance of the DAS‐II CHC model across the 4 to 17 year age span, again with minor exceptions. Despite the use of different tests at different ages, the DAS‐II measures a consistent set of CHC abilities across the ages: g, Gc, Gf, Gv, Gsm, Gs, and a narrow Glr ability; psychologists should interpret the DAS‐II as measuring these abilities. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Differential Ability Scales–II prediction of reading performance: Global scores are not enough
Authors: Elliott Colin D. , Hale James B. , Fiorello Catherine A. , Dorvil Cledicianne , Moldovan Jaime 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of broad cognitive abilities derived from the Cattell–Horn–Carroll (CHC) taxonomy, together with the effect of the general factor (g), on Wechsler Individual Achievement Test, Second Edition (WIAT‐II) reading achievement. Structural equation modeling (SEM) and commonality analyses were applied to the Differential Ability Scales, Second Edition (DAS‐II) standardization and clinical sample data. All seven DAS‐II CHC broad cognitive abilities were shown to have significant effects on one or more WIAT‐II reading domains with different patterns found across typical, poor reader, and reading specific learning disability (SLD) groups. In the SEM analyses, the general factor g had only indirect effects on reading achievement variance. In the commonality analyses, after the effects of the seven CHC factors had been accounted for, the six‐factor commonality—which could be considered an alternative measure of global intelligence—accounted for only 1%–2% of reading measure variance. For children who are having difficulties with reading skill acquisition, the data suggest that primary emphasis on g will result in a major loss of DAS‐II predictive validity. Results emphasize the importance of having a comprehensive cognitive assessment with the DAS‐II in the evaluation of reading competency and disability. Links between CHC broad ability factors and neuropsychological constructs may provide a promising foundation for developing specific cognitive, academic, and behavioral interventions for children with reading SLD. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enhancing practice through application of Cattell–Horn–Carroll theory and research: A “third method” approach to specific learning disability identification
Authors: Flanagan Dawn P. , Fiorello Catherine A. , Ortiz Samuel O. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis article demonstrates how the broad and narrow abilities and processes that comprise Cattell–Horn–Carroll (CHC) theory and their relations to specific academic outcomes have begun to transform our current understanding of the definition of and methods for indentifying specific learning disability (SLD), particularly in the school setting. The manner in which CHC theory has been used to guide evaluation of the academic and cognitive capabilities of students who are suspected of having SLD is described. Current psychometric methods for identifying SLD that have a foundation in CHC theory are highlighted. These newer methods are based on what is known as the “third method,” a provision for SLD identification included in the federal regulations (34 CFR 300.540‐543) accompanying the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act that permits the use of alternative, research‐based approaches. A method based on an integration of existing third‐method approaches, called the Hypothesis‐Testing CHC Approach (HT‐CHC), was proposed. The HT‐CHC method is expected to be carried out within the context of a Response to Intervention (RTI) service delivery model. Benefits of this approach over ability–achievement discrepancy and RTI‐only methods and future directions in SLD identification research are discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Structural and catalytic roles of amino acid residues located at substrate‐binding pocket in Fibrobacter succinogenes 1,3–1,4‐β‐D‐glucanase
Authors: Chen Je‐Hsin , Tsai Li‐Chu , Huang Hsiao‐Chuan , Shyur Lie‐Fen 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe created 12 mutant enzymes (E11L, F40I, Y42L, N44L, N44Q, E47I, L62G, K64A, K64M, R137M, R137Q, and N139A) from the truncated Fibrobacter succinogenes 1,3–1,4‐β‐D‐glucanase (TF‐glucanase). The enzymes were used to investigate the structural and catalytic roles of specific amino acid residues located at the catalytic pocket and having direct interactions with glucose subsites of the product β‐1,3–1,4‐cellotriose (CLTR). Fluorescence spectrometry showed no discernible changes in secondary structures among purified TF‐glucanase and the mutants. Kinetic analyses showed E11L, F40I, Y42L, R137M, and R137Q with a >10‐fold decrease of specific activity (11.2‐ to 67.4‐fold), and E11L, N44Q, E47I, K64M, R137M, R137Q, and N139A with a 2.17‐ to 4.3‐fold increase of Km value when compared with TF‐glucanase. Notably, E11L, R137Q, R137M, F40I, and N139A showed the most significant decrease in catalytic efficiency relative to TF‐glucanase, by 2155‐, 84.9‐, 48.5‐, 41.1‐, and 19.1‐fold, respectively; the five mutants showed the greatest changes in comparative energy ΔΔGb, with values of 1.94 to 4.92 kcal/mol. Combined with results from kinetic and structure modeling analyses of all mutant enzymes and X‐ray crystallography of F40I, we elucidate that Glu11, Phe40, Arg137, and Asn139 play a crucial role in the catalysis of TF‐glucanase owing to their local and direct interaction through hydrogen bonds or van der Waals stacking interaction by aromatic rings onto the glucose subsites −3, −2, and −1 of CLTR/substrate. The overall globular structures in the wild‐type and mutant F40I enzymes do not differ. Proteins 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Many‐body effects on the electronic and optical properties of Si nanowires from ab initio approaches
Authors: Palummo M. , Ossicini S. , Del Sole R. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe study of semiconducting nanowires is one of the most rapidly growing research areas in materials science and nanotechnology, not only from the point of view of the possible applications, but also regarding the use of the latest developments in the theory. In this paper, we review the general ab initio many‐body theory and methods and resume some of our very recent results regarding the structural, electronic, and optical properties of Silicon nanowires (Si‐NWs), outlining both the reached achievements and some of the technical aspects necessary to obtain them.
Accuracy of four‐dimensional spatiotemporal image correlation echocardiography in the prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart defects
Authors: Bennasar M. , Martínez J. M. , Gómez O. , Bartrons J. , Olivella A. , Puerto B. , Gratacós E. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the accuracy of four‐dimensional (4D) spatiotemporal image correlation (STIC) echocardiography for the diagnosis of fetal congenital heart disease (CHD) in a selected high‐risk population.MethodsThree hundred and sixty‐three pregnant women referred for suspected CHD on screening ultrasound were evaluated by means of conventional echocardiography between 14 and 41 weeks' gestation and 4D‐STIC volumes were obtained (including gray‐scale and color Doppler information). Stored volumes were analyzed, at least 1 year after they had been acquired, by examiners blinded to the patients' identities and outcomes. The STIC diagnoses were compared to those made on conventional two‐dimensional echocardiography and the accuracy of diagnosis was assessed with respect to postnatal examination, or autopsy in cases of termination of pregnancy or perinatal death.ResultsThe mean gestational age at volume acquisition was 24 + 5 weeks. STIC evaluation was possible in 98% of cases. Twenty‐one cases were lost to follow‐up, with a total of 167 normal hearts and 175 cases of CHD diagnosed at postnatal evaluation. The overall accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values of STIC in determining the presence or absence of CHD were 91.6, 94.9, 88.1, 89.7 and 94.0%, respectively. Absolute concordance with the final specific diagnosis among cases with confirmed CHD was 74.3% for STIC echocardiography, compared with 81.7% for real‐time evaluation.Conclusion4D‐STIC echocardiography performed by experienced operators can be used in fetuses at risk for cardiac anomalies in order to reliably provide reassurance of normality or to accurately diagnose major structural heart defects. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New semi‐empirical formulas for calculation of K‐shell ionization cross sections of elements from beryllium to uranium by proton impact
Authors: Deghfel B. , Kahoul A. , Nekkab M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractExperimental ionization cross sections for K‐shell by protons in target atoms from beryllium to uranium available in the literature from 1953 to 1999 (nearly 5400 values) are collected to deduce the semi‐empirical K‐shell ionization cross sections by fitting the experimental data normalized to their corresponding theoretical values based on the ECPSSR model which accounts for Coulomb deflection, Energy loss of the projectile, Perturbed Stationary State and Relativistic effects, as a function of the reduced velocity parameter. Our results are compared with the experimental data and with the ECPSSR values and reference ionization cross sections obtained by Paul and Sacher [H. Paul and J. Sacher, At. Data. Nucl. Data. Tables 1989, 42, 105]. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antioxidant Activity of Potato Peel Extracts in a Fish‐Rapeseed Oil Mixture and in Oil‐in‐Water Emulsions
Authors: Koduvayur Habeebullah Sabeena Farvin , Nielsen Nina Skall , Jacobsen Charlotte 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe objectives of the present work were (a) to extract the phenolic fraction from the peels of two Danish varieties of potatoes, viz. Sava and Bintje, and examine their antioxidant capacity in in‐vitro systems (b) to evaluate the effect of these extracts on the storage stability of a fish‐rapeseed oil mixture and oil‐in‐water emulsions. Multiple antioxidant activity of the potato peel extracts was evident from in‐vitro systems as they showed strong reducing power, radical scavenging ability, ferrous ion chelating activity and prevented oxidation in a liposome model system. The Sava variety, which showed strong antioxidant activity in in‐vitro systems, was tested in oil and oil‐in‐water emulsions. Ethanolic extracts of Sava (≥1,600 mg/kg) prevented lipid oxidation in emulsions and in oil. Water extracts showed no antioxidant activity in oil whereas it showed pro‐oxidant activity in emulsions. Thus, the results of the present study show the possibility of utilizing waste potato peel as a promising source of natural antioxidants for retarding lipid oxidation.
Science as an ally of religion: a Muslim appropriation of ‘the conflict thesis’
Authors: YALCINKAYA M. ALPER 
Published: June 2010

AbstractJohn W. Draper's History of the Conflict between Religion and Science (1874) is commonly regarded as the manifesto of the ‘conflict thesis’. The superficiality of this thesis has been demonstrated in recent studies, but to read Draper's work only as a text on ‘science versus religion’ is to miss half of its significance, as it also involved evaluations of individual religions with respect to their attitudes towards science. Due to Draper's favourable remarks on Islam, the Ottoman author Ahmed Midhat translated his work into Turkish, and published it along with his own comments on Draper's arguments. Midhat interpreted Islam using the cues provided by Draper, and portrayed it as the only religion compatible with science. While his Christian readers condemned Draper for his approach to Islam, Midhat transformed the ‘conflict thesis’ into a proclamation that Islam and science were allies in opposition to Christian encroachment on the Ottoman Empire. This paper analyses Midhat's appropriation of Draper's work and compares it to the reaction of Draper's Christian readers. It discusses the context that made an alliance between Islam and science so desirable for Midhat, and emphasizes the impact of the historico-geographical context on the encounters between and representations of science and religion.
Effects of dietary lipid, vitamins and minerals on total amounts and redox status of glutathione and ubiquinone in tissues of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): a multivariate approach
Authors: Hamre Kristin , Torstensen Bente E. , Maage Amund , Waagbø Rune , Berge Rolf K. , Albrektsen Sissel 
Published: June 2010

The hypothesis of the present study was that Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) would respond to large variations in supplementation of dietary pro- and antioxidants, and marine lipid, with adjustment of the endogenously synthesised antioxidants, glutathione (GSH) and ubiquinone (UQ). An experiment with 27–3reduced factorial design (the number of cases reduced systematically from 27(full design) to 24(reduced design)) was conducted, where vitamins, minerals and lipid were supplemented in the diet at high and low levels. For the vitamins and minerals the high levels were chosen to be just below anticipated toxic levels and the low levels were just above the requirement (vitamin C, 30 and 1000 mg/kg; vitamin E, 70 and 430 mg/kg; Fe, 70 and 1200 mg/kg; Cu, 8 and 110 mg/kg; Mn, 12 and 200 mg/kg). For astaxanthin, the dietary levels were 10 and 50 mg/kg and for lipid, 150 and 330 g/kg. The experiment was started with post-smolts (148 (sd17 g)) and lasted for 5 months. The only effect on GSH was a minor increase ( < 10 %) in total concentration in the liver in response to high dietary lipid. GSH redox state was not affected. UQ responded to dietary lipid, astaxanthin and vitamin E, both with regard to total concentration and redox state. Except for an effect of Fe on plasma GSH, the trace elements and vitamin C had no effect on tissue levels and oxidation state of GSH and UQ. This shows that the endogenous redox state is quite robust with regard to variation of dietary pro- and antioxidants in Atlantic salmon.
Developmental origins of cardiovascular risk in Jamaican children: The Vulnerable Windows Cohort Study
Authors: Boyne Michael S. , Osmond Clive , Fraser Raphael A. , Reid Marvin , Taylor-Bryan Carolyn , Soares-Wynter Suzanne , Forrester Terrence E. 
Published: June 2010

Both intra-uterine and early childhood development contribute to the risk of developing CVD in adult life. We therefore evaluated the maternal, placental, fetal, birth, infant and childhood determinants of cardiovascular risk in a cohort of Afro-Jamaican children. The Vulnerable Windows Cohort is a longitudinal survey of 569 mothers and their offspring recruited from the first trimester. The offspring's anthropometry was measured at birth, at 6 weeks, every 3 months to 1 year and then every 6 months. At mean age 11·5 years, fasting blood was sampled for glucose, insulin and lipids. Analyses were confined to 296 women and their offspring who had complete data. Waist circumference (WC) was related to maternal weight and BMI, placental weight and to the size of the offspring in utero, at birth and the rate of growth in childhood (P < 0·05). Total cholesterol, TAG and glucose concentrations were unrelated to maternal, placental, fetal, neonatal and childhood measurements. Fasting insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance were related to maternal weight and BMI (P < 0·05), but not after adjusting for WC. HDL-cholesterol was inversely related to placental and birth weight, and inversely related to weight and BMI throughout childhood (P < 0·001), but not after adjusting for WC. Systolic blood pressure was directly related to maternal weight, child's height, weight and BMI (P < 0·05), but not after adjustment for WC. Systolic blood pressure and fasting glucose concentration were inversely related to birth weight in boys but directly associated in girls. We concluded that maternal anthropometry during pregnancy, fetal size, and childhood growth rate contribute to cardiovascular risk factors in childhood.
Metamorphic evolution of the Karimnagar granulite terrane, Eastern Dharwar Craton, south India
Authors: PRAKASH D. , SHARMA I. N. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe Karimnagar granulite terrane is an integral part of the Eastern Dharwar Craton (EDC), India, having been the subject of much interest because of the only reported granulite facies rocks in the EDC. It shows a large variety of rock types with a wide range of mineral parageneses and chemical compositions, namely charnockites (Opx+Pl+perthite+Qtz±Bt±Grt), gneisses (Opx+Crd+Bt+Pl+Qtz+perthite±Sil±Grt±Spl; Bt+Qtz+Pl±Crd±Hbl±Spl), mafic granulites (Cpx+Pl+Qtz±Opx±Hbl), quartz-free granulites (Spr+Spl+Bt+Crd+Kfs+Crn; Bt+Crd+Kfs±Crn±Spl±Krn; And+Bt+Kfs+Chl), granites (Qtz+Pl+Kfs±Bt±Hbl), altered ultramafic rocks (Chl+Trem+Tlc), metadolerites (Cpx+Pl±Bt±Qtz±Chl), banded magnetite quartzites and quartzites. Andalusite- and chlorite-bearing assemblages presumably suggest a retrograde origin. Investigation of quartz-free granulites of the area brings out some interesting and important observations, reflecting the presence of refractory phases. These granulites are devoid of sillimanite and contain corundum instead. Reaction textures in the gneisses include breakdown of garnet to form coronas and symplectites of orthopyroxene+cordierite, formation of cordierite from garnet+sillimanite+quartz and late retrograde biotite and biotite+quartz symplectites. In the mafic granulites, inclusions of quartz and hornblende within orthopyroxene are interpreted as being a part of the prograde assemblage. At a later stage orthopyroxene is also rimmed by hornblende. The quartz-free granulites display a variety of spectacular coronas, for example, successive rims on corundum consisting of spinel+sapphirine+cordierite±orthopyroxene, rare skeletal symplectitic intergrowth of sapphirine+cordierite+potash feldspar, and late retrograde formation of chlorite, corundum, spinel and andalusite from sapphirine±cordierite. Based on chemographic relationships and petrogenetic grids, a sequence of prograde, isothermal decompressive and retrograde reactions have been inferred. Quartz-free sapphirine granulites and mafic granulites record the highestP–Tconditions (~7 kbar, 850°C), whereas the gneisses were formed at lowerP–Tconditions (~5 kbar, 800°C). In addition, the presence of andalusite-bearing rocks suggests a pressure of around 2.5 kbar. This change in pressure from 7 kbar to around 2.5 kbar suggests a decompressive path for the evolution of granulites in the study area, which indicates an uplift for the granulite-facies rocks from lower crustal conditions. The implications for supercontinent history are also addressed in light of available geochronological data.
Reasons and frequency of visits to the ship's doctor by passengers and crew members of cruise ships in polar waters
Authors: Hoyme Helmut W. , Meyer-Rochow Victor Benno 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTOver a period of 142 days of polar cruising, all visits and reasons for those visits to the on board ship doctor's surgery by 360 crew members and 497 passengers were recorded and analysed. Despite the difference in age structure (passengers were mostly 60 years of age or older, while the crew were predominantly 20–30 years old), typically geriatric problems were seen in only a few passengers. While common cold related complaints dominated in the crew members, the passengers suffered more frequently from sea- and motion sickness and had slightly more respiratory and orthopaedic complaints. Typically cold weather related problems like hypothermia and frostbite were hardly seen at all and total prostheses of hips and knees (which involved several passengers) stood up surprisingly well to the polar climate and terrain. The surprisingly good physical condition of the elderly passengers suggests that the clientele of polar cruises represents an overall ‘fitter’ and healthier sub-population of elderly people. The on board preparatory lectures, warning the passengers of possible risks ashore and on board, must also have helped to keep down incidences requiring medical attention. A doctor, serving as an on-board physician on a cruise ship in polar waters, needs to be aware that the majority of his/her potential patients will be elderly folk. Familiarisation with facilities, medical equipment and drugs on board prior to departure is essential. The cruise ship doctor in addition to emergency experience needs experience in treating dermal disorders and orthopaedic conditions. Skills in chiropractic measures and/or acupuncture are an advantage and a thorough knowledge of cold weather induced conditions is a must.
Young men's intimate partner violence and relationship functioning: long-term outcomes associated with suicide attempt and aggression in adolescence
Authors: Kerr D. C. R. , Capaldi D. M. 
Published: June 2010

BackgroundLongitudinal research supports that suicidal thoughts and behaviors in adolescence predict maladjustment in young adulthood. Prior research supports links between suicide attempt and aggression, perhaps because of a propensity for impulsive behavior in states of high negative affect that underlies both problems. Such vulnerability may increase risk for intimate partner violence and generally poor young adulthood relational adjustment.MethodA total of 153 men participated in annual assessments from ages 10–32 years and with a romantic partner at three assessments from ages 18–25 years. Multi-method/multi-informant constructs were formed for parent/family risk factors, adolescent psychopathology (e.g. suicide-attempt history, mother-, father-, teacher- and self-reported physical aggression) and young adulthood relational distress (jealousy and low relationship satisfaction) and maladaptive relationship behavior (observed, self- and partner-reported physical and psychological aggression toward a partner, partner-reported injury, official domestic violence arrest records and relationship instability).ResultsAcross informants, adolescent aggression was correlated with suicide-attempt history. With few exceptions, aggression and a suicide attempt in adolescence each predicted negative romantic relationship outcomes after controlling for measured confounds. Adolescent aggression predicted young adulthood aggression toward a partner, in part, via relationship dissatisfaction.ConclusionsBoys' aggression and suicide-attempt history in adolescence each predict poor relationship outcomes, including partner violence, in young adulthood. Findings are consistent with the theory of a trait-like vulnerability, such as impulsive aggression, that undermines adaptation across multiple domains in adolescence and young adulthood. Prevention and intervention approaches can target common causes of diverse public health problems.