bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Gene Interaction in the Endosperm of Maize1
Authors: Kramer H. H. , Whistler Roy L. , Anderson E. G. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisA gene with slight morphological effects in normal dent endosperm, which increases amylose content to about 60% without increasing water‐soluble polysaccharides, is described. It is inherited as a simple recessive. The symbol ha (high amylose) is proposed, and it is shown that chromosome 5 carries the ha locus.
The Distribution of Excreta by Freely Grazing Cattle and Its Effect on Pasture Fertility: I. Excretal Distribution1
Authors: Petersen R. G. , Lucas H. L. , Woodhouse W. W. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisThe negative binomial distribution function is used to characterize quantitatively the time‐space distribution of excreta from freely‐grazing animals over long periods of time; the Poisson distribution function was found to be reasonably accurate over short periods. Proportion of pasture covered by 0, 1, 2, … excretions during a grazing period appears to depend primarily on mean excretal density at the end of the period, and to be practically independent of the size and shape of the pasture.
The Effect of Height and Frequency of Cutting on The Yield and Botanical Composition of Tall Fescue and Smooth Bromegrass Mixtures1
Authors: Burger A. W. , Jackobs J. A. , Hittle C. N. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisTall fescue‐legume mixtures produced more dry matter per season than smooth bromegrass‐legume mixtures. Tall fescue combinations, compared to smooth bromegrass combinations, were especially high yielding at the pasture frequency of cutting, at last harvests in each season, and in non‐Ladino clover versus Ladino clover mixtures. Smooth bromegrass was less persistent than tall fescue when in mixture with legumes and there was a higher percentage of legumes and more weed encroachment in the bromegrass‐legume mixtures.
Estimates of Optimum Plot Size for Soybean Yield Trials1
Authors: Brim Charles A. , Mason David D. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisSize was estimated from an index of soil heterogeneity (Smith's b) and cost estimates in man‐hours. An average value for b of 0.529 was obtained. For guarded plots the optimum plot size was estimated as 3.6 times the basic unit (3 by 8 feet). Plots of 2 basic units were for all practical purposes as efficient as the estimated optimum from the standpoint of relative cost per unit of information for cost estimates obtained.
Grain Sorghum Caryopsis Development: II. Changes in Chemical Composition1
Authors: Kersting J. F. , Pauli A. W. , Stickler F. C. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisChanges in amounts of nitrogen, total sugars, starch, and acid hydrolyzable carbohydrates followed closely changes in dry weight of Combine Kafir‐60 sorghum caryopses harvested at 3‐day intervals after pollination. Diastatic activity was closely associated with percentage germination.
Soil Aeration and Plant Root Relations I. Theory1
Authors: Lemon E. R. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisThis paper theoretically approaches the problem of adequacy of oxygen for normal root respiration in the soil environment. First to be considered is the root oxygen “demand” aspect of the problem. This is followed by considering the “supply” characteristics of the soil environment. It is theoretically shown that the two aspects of the problem are interdependent and cannot be divorced.
Radiant Energy Utilized in Evapotranspiration1
Authors: Tanner C. B. , Lemon E. R. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisAn evaluation of the amount of radiant energy utilized in evapotranspiration under field conditions briefly considers the radiation balance, the various components of the energy balance and their relative magnitudes, and the crop and soil factors influencing the amount of the net radiation exchange utilized in evapotranspiration. Data presented show that when soil moisture is available and a substantial crop cover shades the ground most of the net radiation is used in the evapotranspiration process.
Growth and Yield of Cotton as Affected by the Time of a Single Irrigation1
Authors: Marani A. , Horwitz M. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisA single irrigation, applied at the beginning of flowering, improved the lint yield of cotton by increasing boll size and number of bolls. An earlier or later irrigation, applied at the initiation of flower‐bud formation or at the peak of flowering, was less effective. The later irrigation, however, resulted in bigger bolls and longer and more mature lint.
Direct and Residual Effects of Two Mixtures of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Upon the Growth of Acala Cotton in the Pecos Valley1
Authors: Clark R. E. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisBoth the direct and residual effects of N and P fertilizer were representable as segments of the same linear regression equation of yield of lint on axis nodes, length of plants, N content, N uptake, yield of dry matter, harvestable bolls, and P uptake. Yield of lint did not show a regression on P content. Absorption and utilization of applied N dominated the growth and fruiting of Acala cotton for two years after application.
Photosynthesis Under Field Conditions. VII. Radiant Energy Exchanges Within a Corn Crop Canopy and Implications in Water Use Efficiency1
Authors: Allen L. H. , Yocum C. S. , Lemon E. R. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisData are assembled giving sinks of shortwave radiation within a corn crop canopy. From these data, and from net radiation measurements obtained at 225‐, 175‐, 100‐, and 20‐cm. heights within a crop of corn 300 cm. high, net thermal radiation is calculated at those respective heights. Transmission data at those heights, using a Miller field light transmission photometer, indicate that shortwave transmission can be expressed as an exponential function of height as well as of cumulative leaf area index.
Population Variability in Small Grains1
Authors: Jensen N. F. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisA philosophical consideration is given of the limits of crop purity and the related subjects of meiosis, off‐types, seed standards, and seed stocks maintenance in the small grains. A major distinction is made between off‐types associated with (1) system (plant) fallibilities, and (2) procedural (human) fallibilities. The implications to small grain breeding are discussed.
Forage and Turf Potential of Giant Bermudagrass in the Southeastern United States1
Authors: Cooper Raymond B. , Burton Glenn W. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisGiant bermudagrass yielded no more forage than common bermudagrass and only about 55% as much as Coastal bermudagrass whether cut weekly or at five‐week intervals. Giant bermudagrass was inferior to common bermudagrass as a turf grass. It gradually gave way to common bermudagrass when mowed but had not been eliminated after two years of very close, weekly mowing.
Influence of Moisture Regime on Optimum Nitrogen Level and Plant Population for Corn: A Game Theoretic Analysis
Authors: Swanson Earl R. , Tyner Edward H. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisThe results of an experiment giving the effect on corn yield of nitrogen application, plant population, and available soil moisture during a critical 17‐day period are used to construct yields for each of 58 seasons. These yields are used to estimate payoff matrices which, in turn, form the basis for obtaining the optimum nitrogen level‐plant population combinations specified by each of four game theory models.
Effects of Frequent Clipping at Different Stubble Heights on Western Wheatgrass (Agropyron smithii, Rydb.)1
Authors: Everson A. C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWestern wheatgrass plants clipped at different stubble heights 4 times at 3‐week intervals produced less oven dry yield of tops, roots and rhizomes than nonclipped plants. The crude protein content per gram was greater in the three plant parts of the clipped plants than in the nonclipped. The soluble sugars and starch per gram were less in the three plant parts of the clipped plants. With the exception of crude protein in the tops, the total yields of crude protein, soluble sugars and starch were greater in the tops, roots and rhizomes of the nonclipped plants.
Nodulating and Nonnodulating Soybean Isolines: I. Agronomic and Chemical Attributes1
Authors: Weber C. R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAgronomic and chemical attributes for a pair of nodulating and nonnodulating soybean isolines were field‐tested under varying environmental and soil conditions for 6 years. The nonnodulating line usually gave large increases in the following attributes with increased amounts of applied N: seed and dry matter yields, seed size, protein in seed and dry matter, plant height, and lodging suceptibility. Maturity date was delayed. Oil content was the only attribute that decreased. The nodulating line gave very small responses in these attributes with increasing N under the same conditions.With adequate N, yield and all other attributes in the isolines were essentially alike except for the nodulating character. Elemental N obtained through fixation by the nodulating line supplemented soil N; in contrast, the nonnodulating line used only available soil N.With moisture limiting, the attributes of the isolines were equalized at 50 pounds per acre of applied N; with favorable moisture, the isolines were not quite equalized in their attributes with 150 pounds per acre of applied N. When corncobs were used to partly immobilize soil N, the isoline traits were essentially equalized with 600 pounds per acre of applied N.Nonseed dry matter to seed yield ratios for the nonnodulating line increased with stresses for moisture, N, or both. Consistently smaller ratios for the nodulating line compared with the nonnodulating line may indicate that symbiotic N may be more biologically suitable for seed production than combined N.
Effects of Salinity on Nodulation, Nitrogen Fixation, and Growth of Soybeans and Alfalfa1
Authors: Bernstein Leon , Ogata Gen 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe growth, nodulation, and nitrogen content of nitrogen‐fertilized and nitrogen‐fixing soybeans and alfalfa were compared at four levels of salinity (0 to 5.4 atm added NaCl) in gravel culture. Salinity was more inhibitory to the growth of inoculated Lee soybeans than of nitrate‐fertilized cultures. Nodulation was strongly reduced at 5.4 atm of added NaCl, and the dry‐weight percentage of nodules decreased significantly with increasing salinity of the medium. Nodulation of California Common alfalfa was only slightly affected by salinity, and relative growth inhibition by salinity was the same for the nitrogen‐fertilized and the nitrogen‐fixing cultures.
Total Ash and Potassium Content of Stalks as Related to Stalk Strength in Corn (Zea mays L.)1
Authors: Zuber M. S. , Loesch P. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis study was conducted to augment and elucidate results of previous studies with corn which indicated that stalk lodging was positively correlated with ash, potassium, and silicon content of mature stalks. Six stalklodging susceptible and 6 stalk‐lodging resistant inbreds were tested in replicated experiments at 2 locations for 3 years. Total ash and potassium content of mature stalks were determined. The total ash content of the 6 stalk‐lodging resistant lines was smaller than for the 6 stalk‐lodging susceptible lines, and differences between the 2 groups were very large. Potassium content followed about the same pattern as ash content and accounted for about 25% of the ash. Agreement between locations and years‐within‐locations was excellent. The ranking of the 12 inbred lines by ash and potassium content was relatively consistent regardless of year or location. Significant negative correlations were found between ash content and crushing strength, and rind thickness and weight of a 2‐inch section. The association of high ash content with stalk‐lodging susceptible lines supports the findings of earlier studies which indicated a negative relationship between actual field stalk lodging and the three stalk traits evaluated here. The correlation coefficients between potassium and the three stalk traits were negative but none was statistically significant.
Evaluation of Eleven Introductions of Crambe, Crambe abyssinica Hochst1
Authors: Papathanasiou G. A. , Lessman K. J. , Nyquist W. E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractEleven crambe introductions grown in 14‐ and 38‐inch rows in southern and northcentral Indiana in 1964 were evaluated for number of branches and seed pods in different regions of the plant, plant height, weight of seed pods and seeds per volume of seed pods, and yield. A highly significant difference between the two locations was found for most characters. Different row spacings significantly affected most of the characters measured. However, variation among introductions was significant only for the number of branches attached to the lowest 4 inches of the main stem and the number of primary branches on the whole plant.Plant‐to‐plant variation within introductions in wide rows was heterogeneous for number of primary branches and seed pods in the lower regions of the plant.Desirable plant habit for combine harvest is possible with the material available by using appropriate cultural practices and selecting among and/or within introductions. For yield, however, to insure an effective improvement program in crambe, additional introductions of new diverse material or the possible development of more variable populations by hybridization seems necessary.
Influence of Lime Sources and Rates on ‘Coastal’ Bermudagrass Production, Soil Profile Reaction, Exchangeable Ca and Mg1
Authors: Adams William E. , White A. W. , Dawson R. N. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe effects of liming on ‘Coastal’ bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) production, soil profile pH, and exchangeable Ca and Mg levels were studied on Cecil sandy loam under high N fertilization conditions. During the 7‐year study, a total of 5,605 kg/ha of N as NH4NO3 was applied to the experimental area.Maximum Coastal bermudagrass production was associated with a soil pH of 4.8 or higher. During the last year of study, average forage production was 1,592 kg/ha higher at pH 4.8 than at pH 4.3. No significant forage yield increases were measured above pH 4.8.Without lime, soil pH as well as exchangeable Ca and Mg were sharply reduced in the top 45 cm of soil. Exchangeable Ca decreased from 1.22 to 0.15 meq/100 g and Mg from 0.31 to 0.15 meq/100 g in the surface 15 cm of soil. Below 45 cm a buildup of Ca, but not of Mg, occurred. There were net losses of both Ca and Mg from the entire soil profile on the unlimed plots between 1957 and 1963.Ca and Mg depletion from the soil profile was largely prevented by application of 20.2 tons/ha of dolomitic limestone. Calcitic limestone, as compared with dolomitic, effected higher exchangeable Ca levels throughout the soil profile and also had a greater effect in increasing soil pH; however, soil profile Mg content decreased to levels corresponding to those of the unlimed treatments.These results indicated that lime rates of 20.2 tons/ha applied initially or 24.7 tons/ha split over the 7‐year period, although generally considered excessive for this soil, did not reduce forage yields. In fact, these rates appear necessary under high N fertilization to prevent the development of soil acidity and serious depletion of Ca and Mg from the soil profile.
Radiometric Surface Temperature Measurements and Fluctuations in Sky Radiant Emittance in the 600 to 1300 cm−1 Waveband1
Authors: Conaway Jack , van Bavel C. H. M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObservations of sky radiant emittance in the 600 to 1300 cm−1 (7.5‐16µ) waveband were made near Phoenix, Ariz., in the spring of 1966 in connection with radiometric measurement of soil surface temperatures. A marked diurnal fluctuation was found which appeared to be correlated with high ozone concentrations near the ground, in turn caused by local air pollution.
Alfalfa Survival ‐ Indicator of Sloping Land Drainage Effectiveness1
Authors: Benoit G. R. , Fisher K. D. , Bornstein J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPlant cutting data of alfalfa for 1964, 1965, and 1966 and plant counts for 1966 were taken from a 12‐plot surface‐subsurface drainage research project. The project was located on a Cabot silt loam typical of many sloping, hardpan, wet soils of the Northeast. Drainage effectiveness trends were established as early as the first cutting. Percent alfalfa (dry weight basis) and plant count data each gave a good indication of drainage effectiveness. Percent winterkill was significantly correlated with soil water content (r = 0.79 to 0.84). Drainage of excess water to the content present at 0.1 bar of tension insured negligible (10% or less) winterkill.
Use of a Relationship between Leaf Length and Leaf Area to Estimate the Leaf Area of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), Castors (Ricinus communis L.), and Sorghum (Sorghum vulgare L.)1
Authors: Wendt Charles W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA relationship between log of leaf area and log of leaf length was found to exist for castors (Ricinus communis L.), sorghum (Sorghum vulgare L.), and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Correlation coefficients of 0.99, 0.94, and 0.95, respectively, were obtained for the above plants using regression analysis when the composite data of several varieties from each species were analyzed. When data from the ‘Gregg’ variety and rougn lear type of cotton were analyzed separately, correlation coefficients of 0.99 and 0.98, respectively, were obtained.
A Simple Portable Reflectometer for Field Use1
Authors: Bowers S. A. , Hayden C. W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA small, portable, battery‐powered field reflectometer, which utilized an integrating sphere, was developed for measuring reflectance from soils and intact leaves. Its light source was a flashlight bulb; its wavelength selection within the range of 0.4 μ to 1.1 μ was achieved with interference filters. Comparison with laboratory instruments was favorable.
Cobalt in Soybean Grain Production1
Authors: Small H. G. , Sherbeck T. G. , Bauer M. E. , Ohlrogge A. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractExploratory laboratory, greenhouse, and field experiments in 1961 and 1962 were used to study the cobalt (Co) nutrition of soybeans in Indiana. The Co treatments were applied by either seed or foliar methods. Co treatments greater than 36.8 mg/kg of seed applied to the seed as the sulfate salt produced chlorosis of the leaves and stunted the young seedlings. Mild chlorosis could be completely corrected by adding Fe salts.A three‐state survey conducted in Illinois, Iowa, and Indiana (1961) reported similar results with CoSO4 seed treatment at the rate of 92 mg/kg seed. Between 48 and 65% of the 396 fields studied reported the development of chlorotic seedlings. A controlled field experiment conducted in 1961 showed only decreased yields from Co applied at the rate of 184 mg/kg seed, but a similar experiment conducted in 1962 with Co applied at the rate of 18.4 mg/kg showed increased yields in three of the five locations. However, none of these differences in the latter two tests were significant at the 5% level. In a later study direct evidence for the translocation of foliar applied Co to the nodules was obtained using Co60.
Interaction of P and Zn on Two Dwarf Wheats1
Authors: Sharma K. C. , Krantz B. A. , Brown A. L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTwo Mexican dwarf varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were used as test crop to study the interaction between P and Zn in Corning clay loam soil. The pattern of Zn deficiency symptoms was different in two varieties. Zn concentration was markedly decreased with P application. In absence of Zn, P100 resulted in reduced growth over that of P25.
Zinc Uptake and Translocation as Influenced by Phosphorus and Calcium Carbonate1
Authors: Pauli A. W. , Ellis Roscoe , Moser H. C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSand cultures with P32 and Zn65 incorporated were used to determine the influence of CaCO3 and P on uptake and translocation of Zn by navy bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris). Adding CaCO3 decreased dry weight, top‐root ratio and Zn concentration in all plant parts. Calcium carbonate decreased the translocation of Zn, and increased the translocation of P, from roots to leaves. The results suggest that excess CaCO3 influences P‐Zn relationships within the plant as well as effecting solubilities of compounds of Zn and P.Water extractable Zn and P were determined at the end of the experiment. Adding CaCO3 decreased the amount of water extractable Zn and P. On the other hand, high P increased the amount of water extractable Zn which is evidence that the P‐Zn interaction problem is not in the soil external to the plant.
Interactions of Zn and P with Soil Temperatures in Rice1
Authors: Sharma K. C. , Krantz B. A. , Brown A. L. , Quick James 
Published: July 2010

AbstractRice (Oryza sativa) was used as a test crop in greenhouse to study the interactions of Zn and P with soil temperatures m a Corning clay loam soil. A decrease in soil temperature from 30 C to 22.5 C and to 15 C gave a progressive decrease in dry weight. The response to Zn decreased with increasing soil temperatures. At 15 C, Zn application increased Zn concentration in the roots, but there was practically no translocation of Zn to the tops. Furthermore, at the lowest temperature the Zn concentration in tops of plants grown with added Zn was even lower than the Zn concentration of plants without added Zn at 22 C and 30 C. Application of P reduced the Zn concentration in tops and there was no effect on Zn concentration in roots. Application of Zn had no significant effect on P concentrations of rice plants.
Influence of Salinity on Germination, Vegetative Growth, and Grain Yield of Rice (Oryza sativa var. Dular)1
Authors: Narale R. P. , Subramanyam T. K. , Mukherjee R. K. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAn experiment in Petri dishes with filter paper beds using saline solutions of different electrical conductivities (ECe)3 obtained by dissolving common salt in distilled water to study their influence on rice seed germination, and a soil culture experiment with different levels of induced salinity under greenhouse conditions to study the effect of salinity on vegetative growth and grain yield of rice, were carried out. ‘Dular,’ a local variety of rice, was used as the experimental material. Rice seeds could germinate normally in medium of ECe up to 4.5 mmho/cm. Seed germination, which began to be adversely affected from ECe of 8.9 mmoh/cm onwards, could, however, be initiated to some extent by transferring the treated seeds to distilled water. Grain yield and vegetative growth were markedly hampered at ECe of 7.2 and 9.8 mmho/cm, respectively.
Influence of Soil Salinity on Production of Dry Matter and Uptake and Distribution of Nutrients in Barley and Corn: II. Corn (Zea mays L.)1
Authors: Hassan Nouri A. K. , Drew James V. , Knudsen Delno , Olson Robert A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe production of dry matter and the uptake of nutrients by corn (Zea mays L.) from soil adjusted to different levels of salinity with a mixture of salts were evaluated and compared with results obtained with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Soil salinity levels ranging from EC values of 0 to 16 mmhos/cm of the soil solution at field capacity were induced following germination of the plants by addition of a solution containing one part Na2SO4, one part MgSO4, and one part CaCl2. During the growth period of 93 days, increasing soil salinity increased sulfate‐S and chloride in the saturation extract and lowered soil pH. Exchangeable Na, Mg, and Ca increased markedly, while exchangeable K and available P increased only slightly. Increasing salinity had little or no effect on acid‐extractable Zn, Fe, Cu, and Mn. Production of dry matter by the leaves, stems, and tassels of corn decreased significantly with increasing salinity. In the case of the leaves and stems of corn, coefficients of correlation indicate significant negative relationships between soil salinity and uptake of P, K, Ca, Cu, Fe, and Mn, and a positive relationship between soil salinity and uptake of Na. In the case of the corn tassels, significant negative relationships exist between salinity and uptake of Ca, Fe, and Mn.