bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract LB-64: Hitting Testicular Cancer Where It Hurts: Through Public Awareness and Post-Treatment Support
Authors: Buckland Timothy 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
The American Cancer Society estimated that in 2010 there were 8480 American men diagnosed with testicular cancer. Within this population, the vast majority of those diagnosed were young males between the ages of 15 and 29. Although treatment of this disease has been highly effective, there are two key areas where support is lacking: public awareness and post-treatment care. Many young males that notice something wrong do not seek immediate medical attention due to a lack of education regarding the signs and symptoms of testicular cancer, as well as the embarrassing stigma of this disease. As in all cancer cases, finding and treating this disease early is crucial. Although this group has a high survival rate (bordering on 95%), the goal of early detection is to minimize exposure to harmful treatments and promote survival of all patients. Through the work of The Canadian Testicular Cancer Association, increasing awareness is being addressed in Canada. The goals of this Ontario-based organization are to make people aware of the early warning signs of testicular cancer and to encourage males that suspect something is wrong to seek medical attention. A recent campaign designed to combat these issues occurred last January. ‘Manuary’ is a month-long nationwide awareness campaign, with events occurring throughout the month.
The second underrepresented area of support for testicular cancer patients is in post-treatment care. As can be said for many young adult cancers, when patients are diagnosed, their lives are in a stage of transition. This fast-paced transitionary phase can be abruptly stalled with administration of treatment, creating a gap between a patient's pre-cancer life and where they have been left. Many young testicular cancer patients have trouble coping with this issue, creating feelings of isolation and depression. From a patient's stand point, there is a significant lack of support from the health care system in helping them deal with these issues. By creating support groups and making them nationally or even internationally available, the goal is to empower patients to see that they are not alone and develop strategies to overcome these emotions. Through connections within The Canadian Testicular Cancer Association, one-on-one patient interactions have been established. Mr. Buckland's goal is to make these resources easily accessible to all testicular cancer patients in any support group.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-64. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-64
Abstract LB-76: Services of a Cancer Center
Authors: Mapara Virginia 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
The Cancer Center in Harare is part of the Cancer Association in Zimbabwe. It is a nonprofit organization supported by donations from the public. The outreach programs and cancer assistance services are given free to the patients, institutions and the community. The association was formed in Bulawayo, its headquarters, in 1959, and then in Harare in 1961. The center is committed to empowering clients and their families to cope with the crisis of dealing with cancer through a holistic approach which will enable the client to develop a positive attitude to the disease throughout their treatment. The center provides the community with information to promote healthy lifestyle choices and to increase public awareness on the prevention and early detection of cancer.
The center seeks also seeks to: promote prevention of cancer through public awareness, talks and lectures; carry out counseling services and give psychological support; provide complimentary health therapies to those diagnosed of cancer; teach breast care, breast self examination and manages a breast care clinic; give nutritional advice to the cancer patients; and serve as a resource centre for patients through use of the library. The activities of the center include giving lectures, talks and print media to schools, corporate organizations and communities. Information on cancer is also given over radio, television and through the distribution of quarterly newsletters. Counseling services are provided to those diagnosed of cancer and their families. The organization also offers counseling services to patients in hospitals during chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The center provides a wide range of complimentary health therapies such as relaxation and meditation classes, aromatherapy (massage) reflexology, Reiki, shiatsu and use of rife therapy. Awareness campaigns are recognized and health education programs are intensified such as the worldwide recognized No Tobacco Day, Breast Cancer Awareness Month, and World Cancer Day.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-76. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-76
Abstract PL01-01: Effective translation of cancer discoveries to cancer treatment
Authors: Hait William N. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
The objective of this presentation is to analyze the current status of translational research to understand the reasons for success, the barriers to further progress, and the insights that will continue to accelerate the enterprise. I will postulate that the most impactful drugs were developed because of specific observations about a type of malignancy rather than by studying targets in isolation. This will be tested by reviewing major scientific breakthroughs throughout the modern era of cancer treatment and will focus on the importance of biomarkers and companion diagnostic tests. Examples of how the merging of a deep understanding of a particular tumor type with modern cancer biology and cancer genomics will be presented. I will begin by attempting to define translation as the application of discoveries to the practice of medicine, a process that begins with a clinical observation that leads to a discovery, whose significance to a specific medical problem is recognized and acted upon. Each step in the process requires critical skill sets that span basic biology, pathology, pharmacology, clinical, and regulatory science. The challenges confronting those who participate have been carefully described and a variety of approaches to break down barriers are being continuously tested and upgraded. Although the success rate for drug development in oncology is lower than hoped, the number of new medical and biological entities moving into the clinic and on track for approval is immense, outpaces any other therapeutic area, and offers enormous hope to patients, physicians, and investigators alike.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr PL01-01. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-PL01-01
Abstract SY12-01: Stem cell approaches dissect lung cancer biology
Authors: Kim Carla F. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Lung cancer is the major cause of death from cancer worldwide. The five-year survival rate for the majority of lung cancer patients is only 16% because their tumors are refractory to chemotherapeutics or quickly become resistant to therapeutic response. Also contributing to morbidity, most lung cancer patients already have advanced, metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis or develop metastases after surgical removal of early-stage primary lung tumors. The cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis is an attractive explanation for tumor growth, recurrence after treatment, and metastasis in some cancers, yet the precise role of CSCs in lung tumors has not been established. Since successful cancer therapy requires the elimination or incapacitation of all tumor cells capable of regenerating a tumor, it is crucial to characterize the cells that are able to propagate a tumor in vivo. We refer to these functionally important cancer cells as tumor-propagating cells (TPCs). Importantly, understanding the identity and molecular nature of TPCs will provide new opportunities for early detection, treatment and prevention of metastatic disease, whether or not they fit the CSC model in each type of cancer. My laboratory recently showed that murine lung adenocarcinomas, the most prevalent lung cancer subtype, contain a TPC population. In mice bearing tumors initiated with oncogenic Kras and deletion of p53, the cell surface marker Sca1 identifies cancer cells with stem cell properties. In contrast, TPCs are Sca1-negative in lung tumors that express a mutant EGFR. Thus, the predominant driving oncogenotype is an important determinant in the identification of TPC phenotype in lung cancer. This finding suggests that treatments directed against cancer stem cells should be targeted to subsets of patients grouped according to their oncogenotype. We have recently obtained global gene expression data from the Sca1-sorted populations of murine lung tumor cells, as well as their normal wild-type counterparts, to uncover the molecular pathways responsible for tumor propagation in lung adenocarcinoma. I will also discuss new avenues we have taken to understand the connections between TPCs and metastasis in mouse models as well as translating the importance of our findings in human lung cancer cells and patient samples.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr SY12-01. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-SY12-01
Abstract SY12-03: Getting abreast of the mammary epithelial hierarchy and breast cancer
Authors: Visvader Jane E. , Asselin-Labat Marie-Liesse , Vaillant François , Lim Elgene , Bouras Toula , Pal Bhupinder , Wu Di , Smyth Gordon , Lindeman Geoff 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
To understand relationships between breast tissue, cells of origin and cancer stem cells in breast tumors, it is necessary to dissect the normal mammary epithelial hierarchy. We have isolated discrete populations of mouse and human mammary epithelial cells on the basis of cell-surface markers and defined subpopulations that are highly enriched for mammary stem, luminal progenitor and mature luminal cells. Transcriptome analyses of mouse and human mammary epithelial populations has led to the identification of multiple conserved genes and pathways. Analysis of different mouse models of mammary tumorigenesis using syngeneic transplantation assays and interrogation of molecular profiles has revealed potential cells of origin in preneoplastic tissue and the presence of a definitive cancer stem cell subset in different mouse mammary tumors. The role of the zinc finger transcription factor Gata-3, a critical regulator of luminal cell differentiation and a favourable prognostic indicator in breast cancer, has recently been explored in tumor initiation using mouse models. Gata-3 deficiency was found to increase the tumorigenicity of different epithelial subpopulations, with accompanying cell-fate changes. In the context of human breast tissue, analogous studies have enabled us to pinpoint the cellular defect occurring in precancerous tissue from BRCA1 mutation carriers. These carriers were shown to harbor aberrant luminal progenitor cells. Combined with interrogation of the molecular profiles of the different subtypes of breast cancer, the luminal progenitor was identified as the likely cell of origin for BRCA1-associated basal cancers.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr SY12-03. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-SY12-03
Effect of Addition of Clopidogrel to Aspirin on Mortality
Authors: Palacio Santiago , Hart Robert G. , Pearce Lesly A. , Benavente Oscar R. 
Published: July 2012

Background and Purpose—
In the Secondary Prevention of Small Subcortical Strokes (SPS3) trial, addition of clopidogrel to aspirin was associated with an unexpected increase in mortality in patients with lacunar strokes. We assessed the effect of the addition of clopidogrel to aspirin on mortality in a meta-analysis of published randomized trials.

Methods—
Randomized trials in which clopidogrel was added to aspirin in subjects with vascular disease or vascular risk factors were identified. Trials were restricted to those with a mean follow-up of ≥14 days in which both the combination of aspirin and clopidogrel was tested and mortality was reported.

Results—
Twelve trials included 90 934 participants (mean age, 63 years; 70% men; median follow-up, 1 year) with 6849 observed deaths. There was no significant increase in mortality with the combination therapy either in 4 short-term (14 days–3 months; OR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.87–0.99) or in 7 long-term (>3 months; hazard ratio, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.91–1.04) trials after 1 long-term trial (the SPS3 trial) was excluded because of heterogeneity. Addition of clopidogrel was associated with an increase in fatal hemorrhage (OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 0.97–1.90) and a reduction in myocardial infarction (OR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.74–0.91).

Conclusions—
The addition of clopidogrel to aspirin has no overall effect on mortality. The SPS3 trial results are outliers, possibly because of a lower prevalence of coronary artery ischemia. Addition of clopidogrel to aspirin increases fatal bleeding and reduces myocardial infarction.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http//www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00059306.
Costs and Cost-Effectiveness of Carotid Stenting Versus Endarterectomy for Patients at Standard Surgical Risk
Authors: Vilain Katherine R. , Magnuson Elizabeth A. , Li Haiyan , Clark Wayne M. , Begg Richard J. , Sam Albert D. , Sternbergh W. Charles , Weaver Fred A. , Gray William A. , Voeks Jenifer H. , Brott Thomas G. , Cohen David J. 
Published: July 2012

Background and Purpose—
The Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy versus Stenting Trial (CREST) demonstrated similar rates of the primary composite end point between carotid artery stenting (CAS) and carotid endarterectomy (CEA), although the risk of stroke was higher with CAS, and the risk of myocardial infarction was higher with CEA. Given the large number of patients who are candidates for these procedures, an understanding of their relative cost and cost-effectiveness may have important implications for health care policy and treatment guidelines.

Methods—
We performed a formal economic evaluation alongside the CREST trial. Costs were estimated from all trial participants over the first year of follow-up using a combination of resource use data and hospital billing data. Patient-level health use scores were obtained using data from the SF-36. We then used a Markov disease-simulation model calibrated to the CREST results to project 10-year costs and quality-adjusted life expectancy for the 2 treatment groups.

Results—
Although initial procedural costs were $1025/patient higher with CAS, postprocedure costs and physician costs were lower such that total costs for the index hospitalization were similar for the CAS and CEA groups ($15 055 versus $14 816; mean difference, $239/patient; 95% CI for difference, −$297 to $775). Neither follow-up costs after discharge nor total 1-year costs differed significantly. For the CREST population, model-based projections over a 10-year time horizon demonstrated that CAS would result in a mean incremental cost of $524/patient and a reduction in quality-adjusted life expectancy of 0.008 years compared with CEA. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis demonstrated that CEA was economically attractive at an incremental cost-effectiveness threshold of $50 000/quality-adjusted life-year gained in 54% of samples, whereas CAS was economically attractive in 46%.

Conclusions—
Despite slightly lower in-trial costs and lower rates of stroke with CEA compared with CAS, projected 10-year outcomes from this controlled clinical trial demonstrate only trivial differences in overall healthcare costs and quality-adjusted life expectancy between the 2 strategies. If the CREST results can be replicated in clinical practice, these findings suggest that factors other than cost-effectiveness should be considered when deciding between treatment options for carotid artery stenosis in patients at standard risk for surgical complications.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique Identifier: NCT00004732.
A Characterization of the Variation in Relative Humidity across West Africa during the Dry Season
Authors: Seefeldt Mark W. , Hopson Thomas M. , Warner Thomas T. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe variation of relative humidity across West Africa during the dry season is evaluated using the Modern Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) dataset and the method of self-organizing maps. Interest in the dry season of West Africa is related to the connection between near-surface atmospheric moisture and the occurrence of meningitis across West Africa, most notably in the region known as the meningitis belt. The patterns in relative humidity are analyzed in terms of frequency of each pattern as well as the sequencing from one pattern to the next. The variations in relative humidity are characterized subannually for individual years from 1979 to 2009 as well as decadally over the entire 30-yr duration of dry seasons in West Africa. The progression from relatively moist patterns to relatively dry patterns and back to the moist patterns over the course of the dry season corresponds to the northward and then southward migration of the intertropical convergence zone. The results indicate distinctly different frequency and sequencing of relative humidity patterns from year to year. The year-to-year changes in relative humidity patterns are gradual. There is some indication of a larger, possibly decadal, pattern to the year-to-year changes in the variation of relative humidity over the course of the dry season. The results are reflective of the reanalysis data including potentially unusual and erroneously dry conditions in central Africa after the mid-1990s.
Tropical Outgoing Longwave Radiation and Longwave Cloud Forcing Diurnal Cycles from CERES
Authors: Taylor Patrick C. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
The diurnal cycle is a fundamental earth system variability driven by daily variations in solar insolation. Understanding diurnal variability is important for characterizing top-of-atmosphere and surface energy budgets. Climatological and seasonal first diurnal cycle harmonics of outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) and longwave cloud forcing (LWCF) are investigated using the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) synoptic 3-hourly data. A comparison with previous studies indicates generally similar results. However, the results indicate that the CERES OLR diurnal cycle amplitudes are 10%–20% larger in desert regions than previous analyses. This difference results from the temporal interpolation technique overestimating the daily maximum OLR. OLR diurnal cycle amplitudes in other tropical regions agree with previous work. Results show that the diurnal maximum and minimum OLR variability contributes equally to the total OLR variance over ocean; however, over land the diurnal maximum OLR variance contributes at least 50% more to the total OLR variability than the minimum OLR. The differences in maximum and minimum daily OLR variability are largely due to differences in surface temperature standard deviations at these times, about 5–6 and 3–4 K, respectively. The OLR variance at diurnal maximum and minimum is also influenced by negative and positive correlations, respectively, between LWCF and clear-sky OLR. The anticorrelation between LWCF and clear-sky OLR at diurnal OLR maximum indicates smaller cloud fractions at warmer surface temperatures. The relationship between LWCF and clear-sky OLR at diurnal minimum OLR appears to result from a preference for deep convection, more high clouds, and larger LWCF values to occur with warmer surface temperatures driving a narrower diurnal minimum OLR distribution.
Pycnocline Variations in the Eastern Tropical and North Pacific, 1958–2008
Authors: Fiedler Paul C. , Mendelssohn Roy , Palacios Daniel M. , Bograd Steven J. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Climatic variability of the pycnocline in the eastern tropical and North Pacific has oceanographic and ecological implications. Gridded monthly profiles of temperature and salinity from the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) reanalysis, 1958–2008, were used to derive estimates of four variables related to the density structure of the upper-ocean water column: surface temperature, pycnocline depth, mixed layer depth, and stratification (potential energy anomaly). The pycnocline is primarily a thermal gradient in this region, except in subarctic waters at the northern extreme of the study area, where salinity becomes more important than temperature in determining stratification. Spatial patterns of mean and standard deviation of the four pycnocline variables are presented. Partitioning of variance between seasonal and interannual scales shows the predominance of interannual variability in the tropics and seasonal variability at higher latitudes. Low-frequency variations (trends) in the pycnocline variables were derived by state-space analysis of time series averaged in 5° squares. Regionally coherent trends were either monotonic over 50 years or had decadal-scale changes in sign (±5–10-m depth, ±5%–10% of stratification). For example, in the eastern equatorial Pacific, the pycnocline shoaled by 10 m and weakened by 5% over the 50 years, while in the California Current the pycnocline deepened by ~5 m but showed little net change in stratification, which weakened by 5% to the mid-1970s, strengthened by 8% to the mid-1990s, and then weakened by 4% to 2008. These observed changes in the pycnocline, and future changes resulting from global climate change, may have important biological and ecosystem effects.