bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma proANP1-98 Response During High Altitude Stress: Effect of Age and Ethnicity
Authors: Sachidhanandam Meenakshi , Singh Som Nath , Sharma Yogendra Kumar , Salhan Ashok Kumar , Ray Uday Sankar 
Published: January 2011

Objective Acclimatization to high altitude (HA) is accompanied by decrease in plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). On the other hand, circulating levels of the hormone are known to be influenced by age and ethnicity. The impact of these factors on ANP response during prolonged HA exposure remains unexplored. Hence, this study was conducted to examine possible age and ethnic variation in plasma proANP1-98 levels in men after 3 to 4 weeks at HA. Methods Lowlanders (LL) were studied at sea level (SL) and after 3 to 4 weeks at an altitude of ∼4500 m. The LL group comprised Rajput ( n = 48), Gorkha ( n = 40), and South Indian ( n = 43) ethnicities. Another group of HA natives (Ladakhi, n = 40) were studied at ∼4500 m only. Subjects were between 20 and 50 years of age. Estimation of plasma proANP1-98 and biochemical, hematologic, and physiologic evaluation was done. Results In LL at HA, proANP1-98 levels decreased ( P < .001); plasma arginine vasopressin decreased ( P < .05 in Rajputs and South Indians); and total protein, hemoglobin, and hematocrit increased ( P < .05). Heart rate increased ( P < .05), whereas arterial oxygen saturation decreased ( P < .05) in all LL at HA. Ethnicity but not age variation in proANP1-98 was observed under HA stress. In HA natives, plasma proANP1-98 was higher than LL at HA and did not exhibit any age variation. Conclusions Plasma proANP1-98 levels, reflecting medium-term ANP secretion, decrease during prolonged exposure to HA in LL. This is due to diuresis leading to plasma volume reduction that occurs during the acclimatization process. Ethnicity but not age variation is associated with plasma proANP1-98 under HA stress.
Search and Rescue Activity on Denali, 1990 to 2008
Authors: McIntosh Scott E. , Brillhart Aaron , Dow Jennifer , Grissom Colin K. 
Published: January 2011

Objective To describe search and rescue activity performed by the National Park Service (NPS) on Denali, the highest point in North America. Methods A retrospective review was performed of all search and rescue (SAR) operations by the NPS from 1990 to 2008. Descriptive analysis was used to describe these cases as well as chi-square and logistic regression analysis to determine which mountaineers were more likely to require a rescue. Results During the study period, 1.16% of all Denali climbers required NPS SAR response. The majority of medical cases (68.9%) were due to high altitude and cold injuries, and the majority of traumatic cases (76.2%) resulted from a fall. Mountaineers that attempt routes other than the standard West Buttress route are more likely to require rescue. Climbers are 3% more likely to require a rescue with each year of advancing age. Similarly, mountaineers from Asia are more likely to require a rescue (odds ratio = 4.1), although this trend has diminished in the past decade. Conclusions Mountaineers and rescuers should educate themselves on the environmental, logistical, and medical origins of Denali rescues. Certain demographic groups on certain routes are more likely to require a rescue on Denali. Rescuers should be aware of these groups and have the knowledge and capabilities to care for the medical issues that are common on SAR responses.
The Ultrasound Identification of Simulated Long Bone Fractures by Prehospital Providers
Authors: Heiner Jason D. , McArthur Todd J. 
Published: January 2011

Objective In austere environments, patient management decisions are often limited by obtainable resources. Portable ultrasound may allow for the detection of fractures when imaging modalities such as radiography are unavailable. We used a simulation training model in a pilot study to examine the ability of emergency medical technicians (EMTs) to detect the presence or absence of a variety of simulated fracture patterns with portable ultrasound. Methods The fracture simulation model is composed of a mechanically fractured bare turkey leg bone housed in a shallow container within a completely opaque gelatin solution. Five different fracture patterns were created. Twenty EMTs sonographically evaluated these models with a portable ultrasound device to determine the presence or absence of a fracture. Results EMTs correctly identified the presence or absence of a fracture in the no fracture, transverse fracture, and oblique fracture models 95% of the time. They always correctly identified the presence of a fractured model when assessing the comminuted and segmental fracture models. Across all fracture patterns, a final detection sensitivity of 97.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 94.1%–100.0%) and a specificity of 95.0% (95% CI: 85.4%–100.0%) were observed. Conclusions Using portable ultrasound, EMTs correctly detected the presence or absence of simulated long bone fractures with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity. Future studies may evaluate the ability of other groups to use ultrasound to assist in the diagnosis of fractures and examine the clinical impact of this skill in environments where conventional imaging modalities are limited or unavailable.
Vipera berus Bites in the Region of Southwest Poland—A Clinical Analysis of 26 Cases
Authors: Magdalan Jan , Trocha Małgorzata , Merwid-Ląd Anna , Sozański Tomasz , Zawadzki Marcin 
Published: January 2011

Objective Vipera berus is the only naturally occurring venomous snake in Poland. Its venom is primarily vasculotoxic and evokes both local and systemic findings. The aim of the study was to review a series of clinical cases of V berus bites occurring in southwest Poland. Methods The charts of 26 patients (age range, 16–66 years; mean, 42 years) hospitalized with V berus bites were retrospectively analyzed using a data collection tool. Demographic and clinical data were extracted. Results The most common local findings of envenomation were edema of the bitten limb with associated extravasations observed in 24 (92.3%) patients, but in only 1 (3.8%) case did the edema spread to the trunk. In 22 (84.6%) cases edema disappeared within 2 weeks after the bite. Systemic disturbances observed in the patients were: shock (1 case), mild transient hypotension (1 case), prolonged hypotension (3 cases), bronchospasm and laryngeal edema (1 case), diarrhea (1 case), transient supraventricular arrhythmias (2 cases), neutrophilic hyperleukocytosis (2 cases), and thrombocytopenia below 50 000 cells/μL (5 cases). In 16 patients (61.5%) the envenomation was classified as moderate and this type was predominant. Six cases were classified as severe. No fatal case was reported. Treatment included the administration of specific antivenom in 14 cases (in all severe and half of moderate cases) and symptomatic treatment applied in all cases. Conclusions Moderate envenomation prevailed among the patients analyzed in the study. Antivenom treatment is primarily necessary in cases of severe (grade 3) and in some cases of moderate (grade 2) envenomation, especially in patients with persistent or recurring hypotension.
Extensor Hood Syndrome—Osteophytic Irritation of Digital Extensor Tendons in Rock Climbers
Authors: Schöffl Volker , Hochholzer Thomas , Schöffl Isabelle 
Published: January 2011

Objective Injuries to the flexor tendons and flexor tendon pulleys are frequently reported in rock climbers. Osteoarthritic changes with bone spurs are also well known. We report on the less commonly described extensor tendon irritation caused by such osteophytes. Methods Thirteen high-level rock climbers (12 men, 1 woman; average age 33.8 years [range 17–55]; average years of climbing experience 19 [range 5–30]; average climbing level 10.2) with extensor hood irritation caused by dorsally located osteophytes of proximal interphalangeal (n = 10) or distal interphalangeal joints (n = 3) were evaluated and managed. Twelve climbers received conservative therapy and 1 climber was treated surgically. Results Before treatment, the climbers were unable to achieve their normal climbing ability due to extensor tendon irritations with resultant effusion noted in the ultrasound examinations. After conservative treatment, and in 1 case surgery, all patients achieved their previous climbing ability. Conclusion While all climbers were able to achieve their former climbing level after treatment, the condition is progressive and the osteoarthritic changes will likely cause further problems for these idividuals in the future. Extensor hood irritation must be considered in the differential diagnosis of finger pain in rock climbers.
Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for Assessment of Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS) on Aconcagua
Authors: Van Roo Jon D. , Lazio Matthew P. , Pesce Carlos , Malik Sanjeev , Courtney D. Mark 
Published: January 2011

Objective The Lake Louise AMS Self-Report Score (LLSelf) is a commonly used, validated assessment of acute mountain sickness (AMS). We compared LLSelf and visual analog scales (VAS) to quantify AMS on Aconcagua (6962 m). Methods Prospective observational cohort study at Plaza de Mulas base camp (4365m), Aconcagua Provincial Park, Argentina. Volunteers climbing in January 2009 were enrolled at base camp and ascended at their own pace. They completed the LLSelf, an overall VAS [VAS(o)], and 5 individual VAS [VAS(i)] corresponding to the items of the LLSelf when symptoms were maximal. Composite VAS [VAS(c)] was calculated as the sum of the 5 VAS(i). Results A total of 127 volunteers consented to the study. Response rate was 52.0%. AMS occurred in 77.3% of volunteers, while 48.5% developed severe AMS. Median (interquartile range, IQR) LLSelf was 4 (3–7). Median (IQR) VAS(o) was 36mm (23–59). VAS(o) was linear and correlated with LLSelf: slope = 6.7 (95% CI: 4.4–9.0), intercept = 3.0 (95% CI: −10.0–16.1), ρ = 0.71, τ = 0.55, R2 = 0.45, p < 0.001. Median (IQR) VAS(c) was 29 (13–44). VAS(c) was also linear and correlated with LLSelf: slope = 5.9 (95% CI: 4.9–6.9), intercept = −0.6 (95% CI: −6.3–5.1), ρ = 0.83, τ = 0.68, R2 = 0.73, p < 0.001. The relationship between the 5 VAS(i) and LLSelf(i) was less significant and less linear than that between VAS(o), VAS(c), and LLSelf. Conclusions While both VAS(o) and VAS(c) for assessment of AMS appear to be linear with respect to LLSelf, the amount of scatter within the VAS is considerable. The LLSelf remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of AMS.
Analysis of Lifeguard-Recorded Data at Hanauma Bay, Hawaii
Authors: Harada Scott Y. , Goto Ralph S. , Nathanson Andrew T. 
Published: January 2011

Objective To describe rescue events at Hanauma Bay using data collected by lifeguards stationed at the bay. Methods Lifeguard collected data documenting estimates of daily beach attendance, and characteristics of rescue victims and events were analyzed for the period 2000 to 2007. Results A total of 4888 Logsheets spanning 2000 to 2007 and 1567 Incident Reports spanning 2000 to 2002 and 2006 to 2007 documenting 1249 rescues were available for analyses. Lifeguard estimates of attendance summing tallies made at 12, 2, and 4 pm overestimated actual attendance by a factor of 1.78 (SD = 0.08) while estimates summing 12 and 4 pm tallies underestimated actual attendance by a factor of 0.91 (SD = 0.04). Both estimates were strongly correlated with actual attendance values ( R = 0.98 and R = 0.98, respectively). The average rescue rate for the study period was 7 rescues per 10,000 bathers. Nonresidents accounted for 88% of all visitors to the bay and accounted for a disproportionate percentage of the rescue population (96%, p-value = 0.04). A majority of rescues (63.2%) occurred at a single location called “The Slot.” Following rescues, 91.4% of rescue victims were released to the beach, 5.9% were released to their parents or guardians, and 1.4% required transfer to a hospital via ambulance. Conclusion Lifeguard estimates of attendance at Hanauma were precise, and summing 12 and 4 pm attendance tallies provided the most accurate estimate of actual attendance. Rescues at Hanauma Bay occurred predominantly among nonresidents and were concentrated to a single location called “The Slot.”
A derived equivalence for a degree 6 del Pezzo surface over an arbitrary field
Authors: Blunk M. , Sierra S.J. , Smith S. Paul 
Published: January 2011

AbstractLetSbe a degree six del Pezzo surface over an arbitrary fieldF. Motivated by the first author's classification of all suchSup to isomorphism [3] in terms of a separableF-algebraB×Q×F, and by his K-theory isomorphismKn(S) ≅Kn(B×Q×F) forn≥ 0, we prove an equivalence of derived categorieswhereAis an explicitly given finite dimensionalF-algebra whose semisimple part isB×Q×F.
Cubic graphs admitting transitive non-abelian characteristically simple groups
Authors: Hua Xiao-Hui , Feng Yan-Quan 
Published: January 2011

AbstractLet Γ be a graph and let G be a vertex-transitive subgroup of the full automorphism group Aut(Γ) of Γ. The graph Γ is called G-normal if G is normal in Aut(Γ). In particular, a Cayley graph Cay(G, S) on a group G with respect to S is normal if the Cayley graph is R(G)-normal, where R(G) is the right regular representation of G. Let T be a non-abelian simple group and let G = Tℓ with ℓ ≥ 1. We prove that if every connected T-vertex-transitive cubic symmetric graph is T-normal, then every connected G-vertex-transitive cubic symmetric graph is G-normal. This result, among others, implies that a connected cubic symmetric Cayley graph on G is normal except for T ≅ A47 and a connected cubic G-symmetric graph is G-normal except for T ≅ A7, A15 or PSL(4, 2).
Neighbourhood social environment and depressive symptoms in mid-life and beyond
Authors: STAFFORD MAI , MCMUNN ANNE , DE VOGLI ROBERTO 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTThis prospective study examines the relationship between aspects of the neighbourhood social environment and subsequent depressive symptoms in over 7,500 participants of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). Neighbourhood social environment at baseline was operationalised using four items capturing social cohesion and three items capturing perceived safety and associations with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) at two-year follow-up were assessed. Friendship quality and personal sense of control were tested as mediators of this relationship using structural equation modelling. Neighbourhood social cohesion was found to be associated with reporting fewer depressive symptoms independent of demographic and socioeconomic factors and baseline depressive symptoms. Friendship quality and sense of control mediated this association. The study highlights that greater personal sense of control, higher quality friendships and fewer depressive symptoms are found in neighbourhoods seen to be characterised by higher social cohesion.
Older adults' concerns about cognitive health: commonalities and differences among six United States ethnic groups
Authors: LADITKA JAMES N. , LADITKA SARAH B. , LIU RUI , PRICE ANNA E. , WU BEI , FRIEDMAN DANIELA B. , CORWIN SARA J. , SHARKEY JOSEPH R. , TSENG WINSTON , HUNTER REBECCA , LOGSDON REBECCA G. 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTWe studied concerns about cognitive health among ethnically diverse groups of older adults. The study was grounded in theories of health behaviour and the representation of health and illness. We conducted 42 focus groups (N=396, ages 50+) in four languages, with African Americans, American Indians, Chinese Americans, Latinos, Whites other than Latinos (hereafter, Whites) and Vietnamese Americans, in nine United States locations. Participants discussed concerns about keeping their memory or ability to think as they age. Audio recordings were transcribed verbatim. Constant comparison methods identified themes. In findings, all ethnic groups expressed concern and fear about memory loss, losing independence, and becoming ‘a burden’. Knowing someone with Alzheimer's disease increased concern. American Indians, Chinese Americans, Latinos and Vietnamese Americans expected memory loss. American Indians, Chinese Americans and Vietnamese Americans were concerned about stigma associated with Alzheimer's disease. Only African Americans, Chinese and Whites expressed concern about genetic risks. Only African Americans and Whites expressed concern about behaviour changes. Although we asked participants for their thoughts about their ability to think as they age, they focused almost exclusively on memory. This suggests that health education promoting cognitive health should focus on memory, but should also educate the public about the importance of maintaining all aspects of cognitive health.
Arsenic pollution of groundwater in Vietnam exacerbated by deep aquifer exploitation for more than a century
Authors: Winkel Lenny H. E. , Trang Pham Thi Kim , Lan Vi Mai , Stengel Caroline , Amini Manouchehr , Ha Nguyen Thi , Viet Pham Hung , Berg Michael 
Published: January 2011

Arsenic contamination of shallow groundwater is among the biggest health threats in the developing world. Targeting uncontaminated deep aquifers is a popular mitigation option although its long-term impact remains unknown. Here we present the alarming results of a large-scale groundwater survey covering the entire Red River Delta and a unique probability model based on three-dimensional Quaternary geology. Our unprecedented dataset reveals that ∼7 million delta inhabitants use groundwater contaminated with toxic elements, including manganese, selenium, and barium. Depth-resolved probabilities and arsenic concentrations indicate drawdown of arsenic-enriched waters from Holocene aquifers to naturally uncontaminated Pleistocene aquifers as a result of > 100 years of groundwater abstraction. Vertical arsenic migration induced by large-scale pumping from deep aquifers has been discussed to occur elsewhere, but has never been shown to occur at the scale seen here. The present situation in the Red River Delta is a warning for other As-affected regions where groundwater is extensively pumped from uncontaminated aquifers underlying high arsenic aquifers or zones.
Remote sensing and fisheries: an introduction
Authors: Stuart Venetia , Platt Trevor , Sathyendranath Shubha , Pravin P 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Stuart, V., Platt, T., Sathyendranath, S., and Pravin, P. 2011. Remote sensing and fisheries: an introduction. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 639–641. The international coordination project SAFARI (Societal Applications in Fisheries and Aquaculture using Remotely-sensed Imagery) organized a symposium on Remote Sensing and Fisheries in Kochi, India, 11–17 February 2010. The well-attended symposium highlighted various applications of remote sensing to fisheries and aquaculture and identified various steps that would further enhance the use of remote sensing for sustainable management of marine resources and stewardship of the oceans.
Seed Transmissibility of Alfalfa mosaic virus in Soybean
Authors: He B. , Fajolu O. L. , Wen R.-H. , Hajimorad M. R. 
Published: January 2011

Collectively, this report provides unequivocal evidence on Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) seed transmission in soybean. Infected seed may serve as a reservoir for survival and spread of AMV in soybean. Accepted for publication 18 November 2010. Published 27 December 2010.
Effects of Varying Planting Dates and Tillage Systems on Reniform Nematode and Browntop Millet Populations in Cotton
Authors: Stetina Salliana R. , Molin William T. , Pettigrew William T. 
Published: January 2011

Cropping practices that reduce damage from reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis) and browntop millet (Urochlora ramosa) are needed for improved cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) management. The impacts of early planting dates and reduced tillage systems on these pests were investigated from 2005 to 2007. Planting dates (April 1 or May 1) and tillage systems (conventional or minimum-tillage) were evaluated on four commercial cotton cultivars in a field study at Stoneville, MS. Despite some variability in early-season root infection, reniform nematode soil populations were not affected by any of the treatments. Thus, it appears that neither the tillage practices nor the planting dates examined in this study should be recommended for inclusion in a reniform nematode management program at this time. Mid- and late-season browntop millet pressure was greater in minimum-till plots and in plots planted early. More effective season-long suppression of browntop millet was associated with the traditional planting date and conventional tillage system, so these production practices could benefit producers who need to manage this weed. Accepted for publication 9 November 2010. Published 27 December 2010.
Ascochyta Blight of Chickpeas
Authors: Harveson Robert M. , Markell Samuel G. , Goswami Rubella , Urrea Carlos A. , Burrows Mary E. , Dugan Frank , Chen Weidong , Skoglund Linnea G. 
Published: January 2011

Although chickpeas are reported to be susceptible to more than 50 pathogens, few diseases are currently recognized as significant economic constraints to production. Ascochyta blight, caused by the fungal pathogen Ascochyta rabiei, is the most serious chickpea disease worldwide. This paper describes the pathogen, symptoms of infection, biological and morphological characteristics, and methods to study the fungus. Accepted for publication 17 November 2010. Published 3 January 2011.
Celecoxib Impairs Heart Development via Inhibiting Cyclooxygenase-2 Activity in Zebrafish Embryos
Authors: Xu Dao-jie , Bu Ji-wen , Gu Shan-ye , Xia Yi-meng , Du Jiu-lin , Wang Ying-wei 
Published: January 2011

Background
Celecoxib, a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, is a commonly ingested drug that is used by some women during pregnancy. Although use of celecoxib is associated with increased cardiovascular risk in adults, its effect on fetal heart development remains unknown.

Methods
Zebrafish embryos were exposed to celecoxib or other relevant drugs from tailbud stage (10.3-72 h postfertilization). Heart looping and valve formation were examined at different developmental stages by in vivo confocal imaging. In addition, whole mount in situ hybridization was performed to examine drug-induced changes in the expression of heart valve marker genes.

Results
In celecoxib-treated zebrafish embryos, the heart failed to undergo normal looping and the heart valve was absent, causing serious blood regurgitation. Furthermore, celecoxib treatment disturbed the restricted expression of the heart valve markers bone morphogenetic protein 4 and versican-but not the cardiac chamber markers cardiac myosin light chain 2, ventricular myosin heavy chain, and atrial myosin heavy chain. These defects in heart development were markedly relieved by treatment with the cyclooxygenase-2 downstream product prostaglandin E2, and mimicked by the cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor NS398, implying that celecoxib-induced heart defects were caused by the inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 activity.

Conclusions
These findings provide the first in vivo evidence that celecoxib exposure impairs heart development in zebrafish embryos by inhibiting cyclooxygenase-2 activity.