bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental and Numerical Study of Superheated Steam Drying for Sliced Avocado
Authors: Tran Thi Thu Hang , Le Kieu Hiep 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSuperheated steam drying (SSD) of sliced avocado is studied by both experiment and theory. An experimental system is built to evaluate the effects of drying temperature and gas velocity on the evaporation rate and color change of the product. Experiments are conducted for ripened Booth avocado from Daklak province of Vietnam. Experimental results show that evaporation is faster at higher temperatures and velocities, but the effect of temperature decreases at higher velocities. At temperatures below 130 °C, the product is not brown, but at a temperature in the range of 130–150 °C, the dried sample is burned. The experimental model is fitted with high accuracy to predict the moisture rate as a function of time. The evaporation processes of SSD are also compared with hot air drying at the same drying conditions. To extend the application ability of the result, the theoretical model is developed on the basis of Fick's law in which the spatial distributions of temperature and moisture are taken into account. The effective diffusivity is determined by an optimization tool with good agreement. This parameter is constant for all drying conditions, so the model can be applied to a huge range of drying conditions. The numerical results show that the temperature is almost uniform in the sample because of high thermal conductivity, but the moisture gradient is significant.
Unlocking Photocatalytic Activity of Acridinium Salts by Anion‐Binding Co‐Catalysis
Authors: Pérez‐Aguilar María C. , Entgelmeier Lukas‐M. , Herrera‐Luna Jorge C. , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Consuelo Jiménez M. , Pérez‐Ruiz Raúl , García Mancheño Olga 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe in situ generation of active photoredox organic catalysts upon anion‐binding co‐catalysis by making use of the ionic nature of common photosensitizers is reported. Hence, the merge of anion‐binding and photocatalysis permitted the modulation of the photocatalytic activity of simple acridinium halide salts, building an effective anion‐binding – photoredox ion pair complex able to promote a variety of visible light driven transformations, such as anti‐Markovnikov addition to olefins, Diels‐Alder and the desilylative C−C bond forming reactions. Anion‐binding studies, together with steady‐state and time‐resolved spectroscopy analysis, supported the postulated ion pair formation between the thiourea hydrogen‐bond donor organocatalyst and the acridinium salt, which proved essential for unlocking the photocatalytic activity of the photosensitizer.
Chemo‐, Regio‐ and Stereoselective Preparation of (Z)‐2‐Butene‐1,4‐Diol Monoesters via Pd‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Acyloxylation
Authors: Cheng Long , Zhao Jia‐Li , Zhang Xiao‐Tian , Jia Qiao‐Sen , Dong Ni , Peng Yu , Kleij Arjan W. , Liu Xiang‐Wei 
Published: May 2024

Abstract(Z)‐alkenes are useful synthons but thermodynamically less stable than their (E)‐isomers and typically more difficult to prepare. The synthesis of 1,4‐hetero‐bifunctionalized (Z)‐alkenes is particularly challenging due to the inherent regio‐ and stereoselectivity issues. Herein we demonstrate a general, chemoselective and direct synthesis of (Z)‐2‐butene‐1,4‐diol monoesters. The protocol operates within a Pd‐catalyzed decarboxylative acyloxylation regime involving vinyl ethylene carbonates (VECs) and various carboxylic acids as the reaction partners under mild and operationally attractive conditions. The newly developed process allows access to a structurally diverse pool of (Z)‐2‐butene‐1,4‐diol monoesters in good yields and with excellent regio‐ and stereoselectivity. Various synthetic transformations of the obtained (Z)‐2‐butene‐1,4‐diol monoesters demonstrate how these synthons are of great use to rapidly diversify the portfolio of these formal desymmetrized (Z)‐alkenes.
Poly(ferrocenylsilane)‐Based Redox‐Active Artificial Organelles for Biomimetic Cascade Reactions
Authors: You Jiayi , Qian Yonghui , Xiong Shuhan , Zhang Peipei , Mukwaya Vincent , Levi‐Kalisman Yael , Raviv Uri , Dou Hongjing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractArtificial organelles serve as functional counterparts to natural organelles, which are primarily employed to artificially replicate, restore, or enhance cellular functions. While most artificial organelles exhibit basic functions, we diverge from this norm by utilizing poly(ferrocenylmethylethylthiocarboxypropylsilane) microcapsules (PFC MCs) to construct multifunctional artificial organelles through water/oil interfacial self‐assembly. Within these PFC MCs, enzymatic cascades are induced through active molecular exchange across the membrane to mimic the functions of enzymes in mitochondria. We harness the inherent redox properties of the PFC polymer, which forms the membrane, to facilitate in‐situ redox reactions similar to those supported by the inner membrane of natural mitochondria. Subsequent studies have demonstrated the interaction between PFC MCs and living cell including extended lifespans within various cell types. We anticipate that functional PFC MCs have the potential to serve as innovative platforms for organelle mimics capable of executing specific cellular functions.
Bispidine Based Hg(II) 1D Coordination Polymers of Helical Topology: Stability, Selective Adsorption and 1D to 2D Dimensionality Change Via SC‐to‐SC Transformation
Authors: Sayed Alessandro , Cametti Massimo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBispidine based Hg(II) coordination polymers of helical topology CP‐MeOH and CP‐EtOH are almost isostructural (they mainly differ for the solvent included in their lattice and by a small % in unit cell parameters) but they differ for everything else: i) their intrinsic stability, ii) their ability to adsorb solvents upon prior evacuation, iii) their accessible structural transformations. In particular, one of the two starting materials, once evacuated, is capable to adsorb methanol from atmospheres containing binary and ternary mixtures of volatile organic compounds (MeOH, CHCl3 and EtOH) under ambient conditions (25 °C, 1 atm) and with a marked selectivity. The other one is not, but undergoes a 1D to 2D dimensionality change which can be monitored in situ by SC‐XRD through a SC‐to‐SC process.
Hybrid deep learning assisted multi classification: Grading of malignant thyroid nodules
Authors: Gulame Mayuresh Bhagavat , Dixit Vaibhav V. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThyroid nodules are commonly diagnosed with ultrasonography, which includes internal characteristics, varying looks, and hazy boundaries, making it challenging for a clinician to differentiate between malignant and benign forms based only on visual identification. The advancement of AI, particularly DL, provides significant breakthroughs in the domain of medical image identification. Yet, there are certain obstacles to achieving accuracy as well as efficacy in thyroid nodule detection. The thyroid nodules in this study are detected and classified using an inventive hybrid deep learning‐assisted multi‐classification method. The median blur method is applied in this work to eliminate the salt and pepper noise from the image. Then MPIU‐Net‐based segmentation is utilized to segment the image. The LGBPNP‐based features are retrieved from the segmented image to obtain a single histogram sequence of the LGBP pattern in addition to other features like extraction of multi‐texton and LTP‐based features. After the feature extraction, the data augmentation process is applied and then the features are fed to the hybrid classification‐based nodule classification model that comprises Deep Maxout and CNN, this hybrid classification trains the features and predicts the thyroid nodule. Additionally, the TIRADS score classification is used for the projected malignant thyroid nodule coupled with statistical features collected from the segmented. The DBNAAF with transfer learning model is employed to classify the grading of malignant thyroid nodules, where the weights of the model are learned with transfer learning. The MCC of the Hybrid Model is 0.9445, whereas the DCNN is 0.6858, YOLOV3‐DMRF is 0.7229, CNN is 0.7780, DBN is 0.7601, Bi‐GRU is 0.7038, Deep Maxout is 0.7528, and RNN is 0.8522, respectively.
Towards Superior Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries: The Insights of Artificial Protective Interfaces
Authors: Farooq Asad , Zhao Ran , Han Xiaomin , Yang Jingjing , Hu Zhifan , Wu Chuan , Bai Ying 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) with metallic Zn anode have the potential for large‐scale energy storage application due to their cost‐effectiveness, safety, environmental‐friendliness, and ease of preparation. However, the concerns regarding dendrite growth and side reactions on Zn anode surface hamper the commercialization of AZIBs. This review aims to give a comprehensive evaluation of the protective interphase construction and provide guidance to further improve the electrochemical performance of AZIBs. The failure behaviors of the Zn metal anode including dendrite growth, corrosion, and hydrogen evolution are analyzed. Then, the applications and mechanisms of the constructed interphases are introduced, which are classified by the material species. The fabrication methods of the artificial interfaces are summarized and evaluated, including the in‐situ strategy and ex‐situ strategy. Finally, the characterization means are discussed to give a full view for the study of Zn anode protection. Based on the analysis of this review, a stable and high‐performance Zn anode could be designed by carefully choosing applied material, corresponding protective mechanism, and appropriate construction technique. Additionally, this review for Zn anode modification and construction techniques for anode protection in AZIBs may be helpful in other aqueous metal batteries with similar problems.
Optical coherence tomography angiography for detection of microvascular changes in early diabetes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yang Fan , Zou Weijie , Li Zhiwei , Du Yuanyuan , Gao Weiyun , Zhang Ji , Ji Xiaoyan , Huang Jiang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the effectiveness of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in detecting early intraocular microvascular changes in diabetic patients.Materials and MethodsA systematic study search was performed on PubMed, Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, ranging from January 2012 to March 2023. Controlled studies compared diabetes mellitus (DM) patients with non‐diabetic retinopathy (NDR) or patients with mild non‐proliferative diabetic retinopathy (mild NPDR) to healthy people. These studies included parameters of OCTA such as foveal avascular zone (FAZ), vessel density of superficial capillary plexus (VDscp), vessel density of deep capillary plexus (VDdcp), and peripapillary VD. The relevant effect model was used according to the heterogeneity, and the mean difference and 95% confidence intervals were calculated.ResultsA total of 18 studies with 2101 eyes were eventually included in this meta‐analysis. Our results demonstrated that early alterations of VDscp, VDdcp, and peripapillary VD in NDR patients had a significant difference compared with healthy people by OCTA (VDscp: WMD = −1.34, 95% CI: −1.99 to −0.68, P < 0.0001. VDdcp: WMD = −2.00, 95% CI: −2.95 to −1.04, P < 0.0001. Peripapillary VD: WMD = −1.07, 95% CI: −1.70 to −0.43, P = 0.0010). However, there was no statistically significant difference in total FAZ between them (WMD = −0.00, 95% CI: −0.02–0.01, P = 0.84). In addition, for patients with mild NPDR, OCTA could illustrate prominent changes in VDscp, VDdcp, and total FAZ compared with healthy people (VDscp: WMD = −6.11, 95% CI: −9.90 to −2.32, P = 0.002. VDdcp: WMD = −4.26, 95% CI: −5.95 to −2.57, P < 0.00001. FAZ: WMD = 0.06, 95% CI: 0.01–0.11, P = 0.03).ConclusionsIn diabetic patients with or without retinopathy, the parameters of OCTA such as VDscp, VDdcp, and peripapillary vessel density were demonstrated as potential biomarkers in monitoring the early alterations of retinal microangiopathy, while total FAZ may have no significant changes in diabetic patients without retinopathy.
Prairie restoration promotes the abundance and diversity of mutualistic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Authors: MacColl Kevin A. , Tosi Micaela , Chagnon Pierre‐Luc , MacDougall Andrew S. , Dunfield Kari E. , Maherali Hafiz 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPredicting how biological communities assemble in restored ecosystems can assist in conservation efforts, but most research has focused on plants, with relatively little attention paid to soil microbial organisms that plants interact with. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are an ecologically significant functional group of soil microbes that form mutualistic symbioses with plants and could therefore respond positively to plant community restoration. To evaluate the effects of plant community restoration on AM fungi, we compared AM fungal abundance, species richness, and community composition of five annually cultivated, conventionally managed agricultural fields with paired adjacent retired agricultural fields that had undergone prairie restoration 5–9 years prior to sampling. We hypothesized that restoration stimulates AM fungal abundance and species richness, particularly for disturbance‐sensitive taxa, and that gains of new taxa would not displace AM fungal species present prior to restoration due to legacy effects. AM fungal abundance was quantified by measuring soil spore density and root colonization. AM fungal species richness and community composition were determined in soils and plant roots using DNA high‐throughput sequencing. Soil spore density was 2.3 times higher in restored prairies compared to agricultural fields, but AM fungal root colonization did not differ between land use types. AM fungal species richness was 2.7 and 1.4 times higher in restored prairies versus agricultural fields for soil and roots, respectively. The abundance of Glomeraceae, a disturbance‐tolerant family, decreased by 25% from agricultural to restored prairie soils but did not differ in plant roots. The abundance of Claroideoglomeraceae and Diversisporaceae, both disturbance‐sensitive families, was 4.6 and 3.2 times higher in restored prairie versus agricultural soils, respectively. Species turnover was higher than expected relative to a null model, indicating that AM fungal species were gained by replacement. Our findings demonstrate that restoration can promote a relatively rapid increase in the abundance and diversity of soil microbial communities that had been degraded by decades of intensive land use, and community compositional change can be predicted by the disturbance tolerance of soil microbial taxonomic and functional groups.
4‐Methyltetrahydropyran: A Versatile Alternative Solvent for the Preparation of Chiral BINOL Catalysts and the Asymmetric Alkylation of Aldehydes
Authors: Marra Francesco , De Nardi Federica , Rossi Federica , Priola Emanuele , Prandi Cristina , Blangetti Marco 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe herein report that the highly hydrophobic ether 4‐MeTHP constitutes a promising resource for the development of sustainable synthetic methodologies grounded on the use of organometallic reagents. The beneficial effects of 4‐MeTHP as reaction medium are illustrated in the organolithium‐promoted anionic ortho‐Fries rearrangement of 1,1’‐bi‐2‐naphthol (BINOL)‐based carbamates under bench‐type conditions. The use of 4‐MeTHP induces a remarkable and unexpected stability of the organolithiums species, enabling the efficient preparation of chiral (bis)carboxamide catalysts. Furthermore, superior performances of 4‐MeTHP than other environmentally responsible solvents are observed using the synthesized BINOL catalysts in the asymmetric addition of organozinc reagents to aldehydes. Spectroscopic studies in solution suggest that 4‐MeTHP plays a key role in these reactions by inducing the preferential formation of a reactive monomeric dinuclear complex. This methodology allows for the asymmetric assembly of enantioenriched secondary alcohols in good yields and high stereoselectivity, working at 0 °C and under air.
Electrochemically‐Enabled Construction of N‐Acyl Iminophosphoranes
Authors: Wang Wei , Cao Shujie , Wang Yike , Hu Boxin , Zhu Xuehua , Sun Yanyan , Wang Yang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractN‐acyl iminophosphoranes have shown significant potentials in various areas. This paper presents two electrochemical strategies for the successful construction of a series of substituted N‐acyl iminophosphoranes using electrochemical activation of hydroxylamines or dioxazolones to generate unprotected amide radicals and radical anions. The simple undivided cell with inexpensive electrode setups (graphite felts, carbon rods, and copper sheets) provides excellent substrates tolerance under mild conditions. This simple electrochemical construction of N‐acyl iminophosphoranes also has good scalability, practicability and extensibility. Furthermore, synthetic transformations of the N‐acyl iminophosphorane products have demonstrated the application potentials of the P=N bond.
Sudden gains in depression and anxiety during an online pain management programme for chronic pain
Authors: Bisby Madelyne A. , Correa Ashleigh B. , Trujillo Rachel , Dudeney Joanne , Dear Blake F. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundChronic pain is associated with depression and anxiety symptoms. Pain management programms, delivered face‐to‐face or via the internet, can effectively help adults manage the impacts of chronic pain. Sudden gains are defined as substantial, rapid, and lasting symptom reductions that occur between consecutive treatment sessions and have been associated with better treatment outcomes in non‐pain samples. This study examined whether adults with chronic pain report sudden gains in depression or anxiety symptoms during an 8‐week online pain management programme, and whether sudden gains were associated with better treatment outcomes for depression or anxiety. Dominant theories of sudden gains argue that therapists are required for sudden gains to be maintained and improve treatment outcomes.MethodsUsing data from a published randomized controlled trial (n = 338), sudden gains and treatment outcomes were compared across three levels of therapist guidance provided alongside the programme: weekly, optional, and self‐guided.ResultsSimilar rates of sudden gains were observed in depression (22%) and anxiety (24%) across the treatment period, and most sudden gains occurred between Weeks 1 and 2 of treatment. Therapist guidance was not associated with sudden gains; higher baseline symptom severity emerged as the only consistent predictor of sudden gain status. No significant differences in treatment outcomes for depression or anxiety symptoms between sudden gainers and non‐gainers were observed across therapist guidance conditions.ConclusionsThese results do not support an association between sudden gains in depression or anxiety symptoms and better post‐treatment outcomes, at least for adults with chronic pain.Significance StatementSudden gains in depression and anxiety symptoms were not associated with improved treatment outcomes for adults with chronic pain who participated in an online pain management programme, regardless of the level of therapist guidance provided. These findings suggest possible differences in symptom change in chronic pain samples compared to general population samples.
Electrical signature of heterogeneous human mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Tsai Tunglin , Vyas Prema D. , Crowell Lexi L. , Tran Mary , Ward Destiney W. , Qin Yufan , Castro Angie , Adams Tayloria N. G. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHuman mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have gained traction in transplantation therapy due to their immunomodulatory, paracrine, immune‐evasive, and multipotent differentiation potential. The inherent heterogeneity of hMSCs poses a challenge for therapeutic treatments and necessitates the identification of robust biomarkers to ensure reproducibility in both in vivo and in vitro experiments. In this study, we utilized dielectrophoresis (DEP), a label‐free electrokinetic phenomenon, to investigate the heterogeneity of hMSCs derived from bone marrow (BM) and adipose tissue (AD). The electrical properties of BM‐hMSCs were compared to homogeneous mouse fibroblasts (NIH‐3T3), human fibroblasts (WS1), and human embryonic kidney cells (HEK‐293). The DEP profile of BM‐hMSCs differed most from HEK‐293 cells. We compared the DEP profiles of BM‐hMSCs and AD‐hMSCs and found that they have similar membrane capacitances, differing cytoplasm conductivity, and transient slopes. Inducing both populations to differentiate into adipocyte and osteoblast cells revealed that they behave differently in response to differentiation‐inducing cytokines. Histology and reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) analyses of the differentiation‐related genes revealed differences in heterogeneity between BM‐hMSCs and AD‐hMSCs. The differentiation profiles correlate well with the DEP profiles developed and indicate differences in the heterogeneity of BM‐hMSCs and AD‐hMSCs. Our results demonstrate that using DEP, membrane capacitance, cytoplasm conductivity, and transient slope can uniquely characterize the inherent heterogeneity of hMSCs to guide robust and reproducible stem cell transplantation therapies.