bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The In Vivo Response of Stem and Other Undifferentiated Spermatogonia to the Reversible Inhibition of Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Signaling in the Adult
Authors: Savitt Joseph , Singh Dolly , Zhang Chao , Chen Liang-Chin , Folmer Janet , Shokat Kevan M. , Wright William W. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Maintaining adequate numbers of spermatogonial stem cells is required for the production of the millions of sperm required for male fertility. To date, however, the mechanisms that regulate the size of this pool in the adult are poorly defined. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is required for establishing this pool in the prepubertal animal, but its in vivo function in the normal adult testis has never been examined directly. We used a chemical-genetic approach to address this issue. We generated mice carrying a single amino acid mutation (V805A) in Ret, the kinase subunit of the GDNF receptor. This mutation does not affect normal GDNF signaling but renders it susceptible to inhibition by the ATP competitive inhibitor, NA-PP1. When GDNF signaling was blocked in adults for 11 days, only a few cells remained that expressed the stem spermatogonial markers, Gfrα1 and Zbtb16, and testicular Ret mRNA content was reduced markedly. These decreases were associated with depletion of functional stem spermatogonia; some were lost when GDNF signaling was inhibited for only 2 days while others survived for up to 11 days. However, when signaling was restored, the remaining stem cells proliferated, initiating tissue restoration. In conclusion, these results provide the first direct proof that GDNF acutely regulates the number of spermatogonial stem cells in the normal adult testis. Additionally, these results demonstrate different sensitivities among subpopulation of these stem cells to inhibition of GDNF signaling.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Cesium and Tetrabutylammonium Salt of the Ethynyl‐closo‐dodecaborate Dianion
Authors: Himmelspach Alexander , Finze Maik , Vöge Andrea , Gabel Detlef 
Published: January 2012

AbstractSalts of the ethynyl‐closo‐dodecaborate dianion [HC≡C‐closo‐B12H11]2– (1) were synthesized by a microwave‐assisted palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reaction starting from the iodinated cluster [I‐closo‐B12H11]2– and Me3SiC≡CMgBr. The dianion was characterized in its [nBu4N]+ and Cs+ salt by multi‐NMR and vibrational spectroscopy as well as by (–)‐MALDI mass spectrometry. A crystal of [nBu4N]2[HC≡C‐closo‐B12H11] was studied by X‐ray diffraction. The experimental bond properties and the spectroscopic data are compared to values derived from density functional and (RI)‐MP2 calculations. The charge distribution in the ethynyl substituents of the isoelectronic boron clusters 1, [12‐HC≡C‐closo‐1‐CB11H11]–,and 9‐HC≡C‐closo‐1, 2‐CB11H11 is compared. Furthermore, the crystal structure of the [nBu4N]+ salt of the intermediate[Me3SiC≡C‐closo‐B12H11]2– (2) is described.
Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Magnetic Properties of Manganese(II) and Cobalt(II) Complexes with 4‐Hydroxypyridine‐2, 6‐dicarboxylic Acid
Authors: Wang Yu‐Fang , Li Ying‐Ying , Zhao Jian‐She , Wang Li‐Ya 
Published: January 2012

AbstractTwo complexes, namely [Mn3(hpda)2(H2O)8]n (1) and [Co3(hpdaH)3(H2O)7]·(4, 4′py)·(H2O)3 (2) (hpdaH3 = 4‐hydroxypyridine‐2, 6‐dicarboxylic acid) were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectrocopy, and X‐ray diffraction. Complex 1 forms a 1D linear chain, which is extended by hydrogen bonds resulting in a 3D network. Complex 2 consists of a trinuclear cobalt(II) unit, which is further linked by hydrogen bonds to form a 3D supramolecular network. Magnetic measurements show that there is a weak antiferromagnetic interaction between the adjacent MnII ions in 1.
Effects of climate, disturbance and soil factors on the potential distribution of Liaotung oak (Quercus wutaishanica Mayr) in China
Authors: Li Guoqing , Liu Changcheng , Liu Yuguo , Yang Jun , Zhang Xinshi , Guo Ke 
Published: January 2012

AbstractLiaotung oak (strictly named as Quercus wutaishanica Mayr, but usually called Q. liaotungensis Koidz) is the main dominant tree species in deciduous broad‐leaved forests and mixed coniferous and broad‐leaved forests occupying the warm‐temperate zone and temperate zone of China. It plays important roles in soil and water conservation. We collected occurrence data of Liaotung oak together with environmental variables, and used 24 environmental layers as indicators of climate, human disturbance and soil characteristics (at a spatial resolution of 5 arc‐min) across China. The genetic algorithm for rule‐set prediction (GARP) was used to predict the potential distribution area of Liaotung oak. Forward selection, Monte Carlo permutation tests and variation partitioning methods were used to identify the key environmental factors that determined the distribution pattern of Liaotung oak. The results show that (1) GARP predicts the potential distribution area of Liaotung oak with high accuracy, with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and Kappa index values being relatively high (0.96 ± 0.01, 0.91 ± 0.01); (2) the highest probability of Liaotung oak occurrence is located mainly in Gansu, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan, Shandong, Hebei, Liaoning, Jilin, and Heilongjiang provinces in China; (3) climate and disturbance intensity are predominant in determining the geographical boundary of Liaotung oak, with human footprint and precipitation of the coldest quarter being the most important (both explaining 71% variation) among the factors investigated across continental China. While climate and soil factors play important roles in determining the suitability index of Liaotung oak, soil organic carbon and temperature are the critical factors (both explaining 55% variation) among the factors investigated across the potential distribution area.
A Hoard of Bronze discovered at Grays Thurrock
Authors: Butcher Charles H. 
Published: January 2012

Hoards of ancient bronze, however unimportant they may seem, are apt to throw much light on the Bronze Age, and all such finds should be placed on record.Deposited on loan in the Colchester Museum is a bronze founder's hoard discovered in a cavity of the chalk at Grays Thurrock, Essex, in 1906. From the number of pieces and the variety of types comprised it is certainly remarkable, but has remained unpublished. It comprises some 298 pieces, including several fine implements and weapons, numerous fragments of others broken and worn-out and collected as metal, lumps of copper and bronze, waste pieces and imperfect castings, and a portion of a bronze mould for casting socketed celts. The various items are tabulated in groups:33 socketed celts, lengths' 4·9 to 2·7 in.71 imperfect ditto and fragments.I winged celt, length 4·8 in.2 imperfect ditto, similar.Among the socketed celts one fine specimen, length 4·9 in., square in section and quite plain except for a bold moulding round the mouth, is worthy of notice. The remainder range in length from 4·4 to 2·7 in., and vary considerably in the form of their sockets and in style of decoration.
A Late-Medieval Bracer in the British Museum
Authors: Dalton O. M. 
Published: January 2012

The archer's bracer illustrated in the fig. on p. 209 is of cuir bouilli, the ornament on the outer side consisting of a rose crowned, a design of oak leaves and acorns treated in a conventional manner, and the words (Jesus help).A tradition, apparently not very ancient, associated this rare and interesting object with certain relics of Henry VI once at Bolton Hall, near Sawley, in Bowland (Bolland), Yorkshire. I have failed to find confirmation of this tradition, and it is contradicted by Mr. W. A. Littledale, F.S.A., whose family was long connected with Bolton Hall; Mr. Littledale informs me that the bracer was never preserved in the house with the objects said to have been left there by Henry VI and now preserved at Liverpool. But additional evidence may be derived from the object itself.
Five Viking-Period Swords
Authors: Grove L. R. A. 
Published: January 2012

Of the five swords to be described four, of iron, come from the Middle Thames basin. The fifth is sculptured on stone and comes from the North Riding of Yorkshire. It is especially interesting as a commentary on one of the iron swords.Under each sword description there has been added a brief note on types and possible affinities.I have to thank Mrs. Brakspear, the vicar of Ebberston, the Thames Conservancy Board, and Reading Museum for allowing me to publish the swords; and Messrs. W. A. Smallcombe, W. Seaby, C. Scott, R. Patterson, D. E. Redfearn, J. D. Cowen, and T. D. Kendrick for much help given.
Decorated Prehistoric Pottery from the Bed of the Ebbsfleet, Northfleet, Kent
Authors: Burchell J. P. T. , Piggott Stuart 
Published: January 2012

Pumping operations conducted by the Associated Portland Cement Manufacturers Co., Ltd., in the large chalk quarry situated between Brook Vale and the Southern Railway track to the east resulted in the normal water-level for the immediate vicinity being lowered by approximately 50 ft. This volume of pumping, however, had the effect of filling to capacity all streams and conduits connected with the outflow, so that archaeological investigation of the low-lying deposits of the neighbourhood was rendered impossible.In the summer of 1938 operations in the quarry were abandoned, and the pumps were withdrawn for installation in Baker's Hole, half a mile to the west.Upon the cessation of pumping the water-level immediately began to return to normal at the rate of about 9 in. every twenty-four hours, whilst the beds of the streams and conduits promptly dried up.Such a state of affairs rarely presents itself to the archaeologist, and I forthwith decided to make two excavations at what I considered were likely to prove ‘key’ sites in the bed of the Ebbsfleet. The first spot chosen lay at the junction of Brook Vale and the Ebbsfleet, and the second was at a point a quarter of a mile farther upstream.
The University Museum of Archaeology and of Ethnology, Cambridge
Authors: Clarke L. C. G. 
Published: January 2012

The University Museum of Archaeology and of Ethnology at Cambridge, of which I was appointed Curator in 1922, is comparatively little known.That it is not known as well as its contents deserve by the Fellows of this Society is not surprising when it is even less appreciated by the University to which it belongs. Whilst a very large number of classical students take a great interest in the Museum of Classical Casts, there is great difficulty to get them to take an interest in the Museum of Archaeology and of Ethnology. Half of the teachers of Classics in the University have never been in the Museum, and many do not know where it is.
The Church of Quintanilla de las Viñas
Authors: Whitehill W. M. , Clapham A. W. 
Published: January 2012

The ermita of Santa Maria de Quintanilla de las Viñas, although one of the most important examples of pre-Romanesque architecture and sculpture in Spain, was unknown to archaeologists until 1927.Padre Enrique Flórez, writing in 1772, mentioned the building in connexion with the reported existence of Roman inscriptions in its vicinity, but, as he had not seen it, gave no description. J. A. Cean Bermudez, who likewise had not been on the spot, published a somewhat confused account of certain inscriptions. From Cean Bermudez, Hübner copied three enigmatic monograms said to be ‘in aedicula S. Mariae de las Viñas prope Quintanilla, non longe a Lara oppido’, and published them both in his Inscriptiones Hispaniae Latinae and Inscriptionum Hispaniae Christianarum Supplementum.
Report on the Excavations at Stonehenge during 1925 and 1926
Authors: Hawley W. 
Published: January 2012

As the periods during which excavations at Stonehenge were continued in the seasons of 1925 and 1926 were short, it has been considered better to give the results of the two years' work in one Report.Work began on 1st May 1925, and was continued until 8th September following. The portion of the ditch opened was that remaining between two other excavations in the ditch previously examined and reported upon. It formed part of the general excavation of the eastern segment, but as it was essential to complete the exploration of the interior between the rampart and stone circles separately, the ditch in that quarter was left for later investigation
An Anglo-Saxon Hut on the Car Dyke, at Waterbeach
Authors: Lethbridge T. C. 
Published: January 2012

Considerable interest attaches to the Car Dyke as it has been claimed as a Roman work by several authorities (Dr. Cyril Fox, Archaeology of the Cambridge Region, p. 179). In June of this year I attempted to make sure of the date by cutting a section through the fosse.When a well was sunk through the bank of the dyke at the Lodge, Waterbeach, many years ago, the workmen cut through a boat of some kind. It seems reasonable to suppose that this boat dates from the time when the dyke was still full of water, and had been left moored in some little creek or dock probably near a settlement site. I therefore cut a section as near as possible to the well, that is, within a few yards of the south-east corner of the Lodge. It has not been possible to complete the section or reach the bottom of the ditch owing to the wet summer. The water-level was found at a depth of 4 ft. The section, however, cut through the middle of a small dwelling on the very lip of the ditch, debris from it forming a thin stratum separating different layers of silt. From the contents of the midden which formed the floor of the hut it was evident that the site was one of the Pagan Saxon Period.
A Wall-painting at Idsworth, Hants, and a Liturgical Graffito
Authors: Wormald F. 
Published: January 2012

On the north wall of the chancel of the small chapel at Idsworth, on the borders of Hampshire and Sussex, is a fine fourteenth-century wall-painting executed in distemper in red and yellow on a white ground. The composition is divided into two broad horizontal bands by a narrow zigzag band. In the top half is a scene with huntsmen, dogs, and a wild man, and what appears to be the arrest of St. John Baptist. In the lower part is St. John Baptist put in prison and a long scene showing Salome dancing a sword-dance before Herod and Herodias (pl. I). The scene of the huntsmen and the wild man requires rather closer examination, because it is commonly and wrongly described as showing a scene from the life of St. Hubert.On the extreme left of the picture are the remains of horsemen and dogs, then there is a figure of a crowned man winding a horn with his left hand and holding in his right hand a long bow which he rests on the ground. Behind him are two men. At his feet are dogs, and in front of him to his left are three men who bend down towards an old man covered with long hair who is emerging from some bushes on all fours. The attribution of this scene to the legend of St. Hubert requires full consideration, because an examination of the lives of that saint printed in the Acta Sanctorum yields no indication of any legend bearing the remotest resemblance to this scene. There seems, moreover, to be every indication that the whole painting represents something quite different.
T-shaped Corn-drying Ovens in Roman Britain
Authors: Goodchild R. G. 
Published: January 2012

The T-shaped furnace or oven is already a familiar feature of Romano-British archaeology. Whether among the huts and pits of Woodcuts, the more substantial dwellings of Silchester and Caerwent, or the farmsteads of the rural areas, this type of oven occurs with such frequency that its place in Romano-British economic life must have been an important one.It is not proposed to discuss here at length the function of these furnaces. This problem was resolved beyond any measure of doubt when the Romano-British villa was excavated at Hambleden, Bucks., in 1912, and Professor Gowland, in an Appendix to the excavators' report, stated that ‘In my opinion they are flues of drying floors which have been used for drying harvested grain.’ The evidence from sites elsewhere (as at Caerwent and at King's Worthy, Hants, at both of which sites charred wheat was recovered from the flues of the ovens) has provided strong corroboration of Professor Gowland's hypothesis, and it is only surprising to find that the unmistakable corn-drying ovens of Woodcuts village were still classed as ‘hypocausts’ in the 1931 edition of Professor Collingwood's Archaeology of Roman Britain.The main interest of the Hambleden discoveries lies, however, in the great variety of types of ovens excavated, for in all no less than fourteen specimens were unearthed, ranging from the simple and basic T-shaped type to structures of considerable elaboration. Such a variety of types on one single site demands some explanation, and it is not inconceivable that the Hambleden villa was something in the nature of an experimental station.
An Open-Work Bronze Disc in the Ashmolean Museum
Authors: Fox Cyril 
Published: January 2012

The linear patterns on British mirrors and other bronzes show with what zest the Celtic craftsmen of the first centuries B.C. and A.D. copied and adapted the triquetral design in relief exemplified on the well-known bronze plaque from Llyn Cerrig Bach, Anglesey (fig. 1).On the other hand, the evidence for the continued use and development of this attractive asymmetric motif in plastic art is but slight, and any additional example of fine metalwork thus decorated is welcome.Such a specimen, an open-work disc in cast bronze, is here figured (pl. I). It is mentioned by our Fellow Mr. E. T. Leeds in his Celtic Ornament (p. 56), and this led the writer to ask our Fellow Mr. D. B. Harden, Keeper of Antiquities at the Ashmolean Museum, for facilities for its study, and thereafter for permission to publish, both requests being readily granted. The Museum number is N.C. 448. The disc appears, Mr. Harden tells me, in a catalogue of c. 1879–80, at which time, apparently, its origin and date of accession were unknown, as they were left blank in the catalogue.
The Sacred Tree motive on a Roman bronze from Essex
Authors: Tonnochy A. B. , Hawkes C. F. C. 
Published: January 2012

The rarity of any traces of Christianity among the Roman remains of this country has often been the subject of comment.The little church at Silchester and its probable analogue at Caerwent make a poor show beside the more than twenty known pagan temples, and setting aside certain recognizably Christian tombstones, no other relics are hitherto known save some examples of the Chi-Rho monogram. The object here published is therefore anyhow worthy of remark, and the more so since its decoration exhibits a symbolism of long history and peculiar interest, namely, that of the Sacred Tree.
Two Twelfth-Century Charters of Reading Abbey
Authors: Andrews H. C. 
Published: January 2012

I was very glad to receive two years ago permission from the Hon. Mrs. Abel Henry Smith and Major Edward P. Smith to calendar the mass of deeds relating to the Woodhall Park estate, at Watton-at-Stone, Herts. These deeds range from the twelfth down to the eighteenth century and cover the villages and hamlets of Watton-at-Stone, Aston, Stapleford, Sacombe, Wempstead, and Waterford, so far as concerns the manors of Aston, Bardolfs, Waterford Hall, Patchendon, Woodhall, Gobions and Lanvars, and Sele.Of the two earliest of these deeds one, which belongs now to Mr. Vernon Austen Malcolmson, of Aston Bury, Herts., is Queen Adeliza's charter giving the manor and church of Aston, Herts., to Reading Abbey. The other is King Stephen's charter of confirmation of the same, and is still amongst the Woodhall Park deeds.
Excavations at Titterstone Clee Hill Camp, Shropshire, 1932
Authors: St. J. O'Neil B. H. 
Published: January 2012

Titterstone Clee Hill lies some five miles due east of Ludlow. It is crowned by a camp which comprises the whole of the comparatively flat top, measuring about ½ mile from east to west and ⅓ mile from north to south. In area (71 acres) and in elevation (1,749 ft. at its summit) it is abnormal amongst hill-forts in Great Britain; both these facts have important bearings on the excavation of 1932, particularly on the lack of finds (see p. 30).A full discussion of its topographical features and environs will be published shortly in Archaeologia Cambrensis. It will be sufficient here to call attention to the camps on Brown Clee Hill and the connexion between them and Titterstone; and to the main East–West trackway, which passes close under the rampart of the latter. The two main branches of this track to the west are well attested for the prehistoric period, and there can be little doubt that the camp on Titterstone was placed to command their point of junction.
Neolithic and Early Bronze Age Settlement at Broom Hill, Michelmersh, Hants
Authors: Percival S. T. , Piggott Stuart 
Published: January 2012

Between the rivers Test and Itchen in Hampshire, to the west of Winchester, and to the north-east of Romsey, there is a tract of high ground, forming the watershed between these two rivers, rising at Farley Mount, close to the Roman road from Venta to Sorbiodunum, to a height of 500 ft. above the sea. A part of this tract, particularly the area above the 300-ft. contour, in the ecclesiastical parishes of Farley Chamberlayne and Braishfield, is specially rich in surface flint implements of Neolithic or Early Bronze Age. The Broom Hill site is at the southern boundary of this area, on the borders of these two parishes and in the civil parish of Michelmersh. The position is latitude 51° 2′ north, and longitude 1°27′ west. It happens to be marked on O. S. 6-in. xlix, NW., by a triangle, showing that the place was used as a trigonometrical station, and is, therefore, readily visible for some miles around. The height of the point above sea-level is 330 ft.Here at intervals, during the years 1932 and 1933, the writer discovered some neolithic pottery which will be described by Mr. Stuart Piggott. The site is approximately 150 yards wide from east to west, and some 250 yards long from north to south. It is a ridge of chalk, capped by a sandy clay, above which again is a rough pebbly gravel in which the pottery was found, about twenty to thirty inches below the turf. The fact that there is clay under the gravel causes the land below the hill to be exceedingly marshy, and this state of things was probably even more pronounced in ancient times. The site is a narrow neck ending in a broader portion, entirely surrounded, except at the southern end, by steep slopes or marsh. The form of the site cannot be judged from the shape of the 300-ft. contour on the map, for there is an under-feature which causes the site to assume the form of a peninsula jutting northwards. But at the narrow southern end there is no sign of any defensive bank, which might, perhaps, have been expected; but the site shows signs of having been under plough, though not in living memory.
Reports on 1. The Non-Marine Mollusca, and 2. The Animal Remains from the Stonehenge Excavations of 1920–6
Authors: Kennard A. S. , Jackson J. Wilfrid 
Published: January 2012

1. Soil samples from a number of loci were submitted for examination for non-marine mollusca and I have tabulated the results. Molluscan remains were not common, but sixteen species were determined.2. The following report is based upon a large collection of animal remains submitted some time ago by Mr. R. S. Newall. They were obtained during excavations at Stonehenge in 1920 to 1926, and come from two superimposed levels, viz. (a) Humus layers, and (b) Silt layer. The whole forms an interesting series to be dealt with under the two headings.