bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MONITORING POPULATION LEVELS OF EIGHT SPECIES OF NOCTUIDS WITH SEX-ATTRACTANT TRAPS IN SOUTHERN ALBERTA, 1978–1983: CONGRUENCY OF YEAR-TO-YEAR FLUCTUATIONS IN INTRASPECIFIC DENSITY SHOWN BY SUBSETS OF MONITORING SITES
Authors: Byers J.R. , Struble D.L. , Schaalje G.B. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe abundance levels of eight species of cutworms and army worms were monitored with sex-attractant traps at 81 locations in a 13 000-km2 area of southern Alberta from 1978 to 1983. Year-to-year change in population levels could be consistently detected by monitoring at a relatively small number of locations. For all species, subsets of selected locations along transects, or random subsets of as few as five locations, showed year-to-year fluctuations in mean catch per trap that were similar in pattern to those of the whole monitored area. The results indicate that long-term surveillance monitoring of pest species of cutworms and armyworms to detect year-to-year population changes, and long-term trends, is feasible in terms of both the resource requirements and reliability of the relative population estimates.
APHID FECUNDITY, REPRODUCTIVE LONGEVITY, AND PARASITE DEVELOPMENT IN THE SCHIZAPHIS GRAMINUM (RONDANI)(HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) – LYSIPHLEBUS TESTACEIPES (CRESSON) (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE) SYSTEM
Authors: Kring T.J. , Kring J.B. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe fecundity and reproductive longevity of Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) parasitized by Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson) were determined in the laboratory under four temperature regimes. Daily reproduction by S. graminum declined rapidly after parasitization except at a relatively low temperature regime (12–16 °C). The mean progeny production by parasitized aphids of 2.75 ± 0.08 nymphs per parasitized adult was not significantly different than that for unparasitized aphids (2.94 ± 0.23 nymphs) during the period of time equal to the reproductive life of parasitized aphids. Reproductive longevity of parasitized aphids was longest at the lowest temperature (5.67 ± 0.25 days at 12–16 °C). No significant differences were observed in total progeny produced at different temperatures. The number of progeny within parasitized nulliparous adults (3.37 ± 0.33) as determined by dissections was not significantly different from the mean total progeny produced by parasitized aphids. Parasitization thus seems to interfere with oogenesis, but not with embryonic development or progeny deposition.
NOTES ON EUROPEANLONGITARSUSSPECIES INTRODUCED IN NORTH AMERICA (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE: ALTICINAE)
Authors: LeSage Laurent 
Published: November 2009

AbstractEcological data, distribution records, comments, and diagnostic features are given for eight European species ofLongitarsusLatreille introduced into North America:L.ferrugineus(Foudras);L.succineus(Foudras);L.luridus(Scopoli);L.jacobaeae(Waterhouse);L.ganglbaueriHeikertinger;L.pratensis(Panzer);L.pellucidus(Foudras); andL.rubiginosus(Foudras). The last two species are reported for the first time in North America.
INDUCTION AND AVERSION-LEARNING IN POLYPHAGOUS ARCTIID LARVAE (LEPIDOPTERA) IN AN ECOLOGICAL SETTING
Authors: Dethier V.G. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractInduction and aversion-learning are two kinds of behavior modification that depend upon ingestion for their effect. Both have previously been demonstrated in laboratory experiments. The polyphagous, ground dwelling larvae of the arctiid Diacrisia virginica Fabr. have now been shown to experience these two kinds of behavior modification in the field under natural conditions. The adaptive value of aversion-learning is self-evident. The adaptive value of induction is obscure. Evidence is presented here showing that induction overcomes hierarchical specificity before the level of deprivation becomes critical. As a consequence, plants low in the hierarchy of acceptability become fully rather than marginally acceptable, thus minimizing interruptions in feeding. Interruption is known to engender deleterious physiological responses.
A PHENOLOGY MODEL AND FIELD EVALUATION OF BEAUVERIA BASSIANA (BALS.) VUILLEMIN (DEUTEROMYCOTINA: HYPHOMYCETES) MYCOSIS OF THE EUROPEAN CORN BORER, OSTRINIA NUBILALIS (HBN.) (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE)
Authors: Feng Ziding , Carruthers Raymond I. , Larkin Timothy S. , Roberts Donald W. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA simulation model was developed to predict the timing of European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hbn.), larval mortality following exposure to Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuillemin conidia. Model response was compared with laboratory and field data collected specifically for model validation. In laboratory validation experiments, four conidial doses of a B. bassiana isolate collected from the People’s Republic of China were applied to European corn borer larvae which were then incubated at fluctuating temperatures. Simulation results compared favorably with fungal development and mycosis under laboratory conditions. Field validation experiments showed that applications of B. bassiana to European corn borer neonates in whorl-stage corn resulted in mortality levels over 60% when conidia and European corn borers were placed on the plants on the same day. When B. bassiana conidia were placed on plants prior to European corn borers, mortality decreased linearly with time. Model predictions of the timing of European corn borer mortality were found to be accurate when B. bassiana conidia were placed on corn plants at the same time or prior to European corn borers. When European corn borers were placed on plants prior to conidia, the model underestimated the time to European corn borer death. Lack of model fit in this situation is thought to be due to delayed host and pathogen interactions on the corn plant rather than poor prediction of the physiological development of the disease.
SEASONAL DEVELOPMENT, BEHAVIOR, AND HOST SYNCHRONY OF DACNUSA DRYAS (NIXON) (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE) PARASITIZING THE ALFALFA BLOTCH LEAFMINER, AGROMYZA FRONTELLA (RONDANI) (DIPTERA: AGROMYZIDAE)
Authors: Guppy J.C. , Meloche F. , Harcourt D.G. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractStudies in eastern Ontario showed that the exotic parasite Dacnusa dryas (Nixon) typically has three generations a year that correspond seasonally to those of its host, the alfalfa blotch leafminer, Agromyza frontella (Rondani). The mature larvae of the third generation enter diapause in September and resume development in the spring. The egg – first instar interval, which occurs within the actively feeding leafminer, developed at rates similar to those of the host larva. The remaining two instars and the pupa, which occur within the host puparium, developed at rates similar to those of the host pupa; in the two non-diapausing generations, the durations of these stages decreased with rise in temperature from 13 to 23 °C. Coincidence of wasp flight and hatch of leafminer eggs was high in all three generations. This host–parasite synchrony results mainly from a sequence of three events during their life cycles: lack of development of the parasite beyond the first instar within the host larva, a temperature-dependent rate of development of the subsequent stages which is similar to that of the host pupa, and different overwintering strategies which result in the parasite emerging later than its host to sustain the relationship. Behavior of the parasite is described in relation to host detection, egg deposition, and reproduction.
REARING AND HOST AGE SUITABILITY OF FANNIA CANICULARIS (L.) (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE) FOR PARASITIZATION BY MUSCIDIFURAX ZARAPTOR KOGAN AND LEGNER (HYMENOPTERA: PTEROMALIDAE)
Authors: Mandeville J. David , Mullens Bradley A. , Meyer Jeffery A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe fecundity and sex ratio of progeny of Muscidifurax zaraptor Kogan and Legner were assessed on <1-day-old to >9-day-old Fannia canicularis (L.) pupae. Two age classes of parasites (1 day old and 2–3 days old) were used. Host age did not significantly affect production of progeny. Mean number of progeny per female increased in both parasite age groups on 3 successive days of host-exposure as the parasites aged: 4.5, 7.4, and 10.4 progeny per female were produced for the 1-day-old parasites and 7.6, 10.4, and 11.8 progeny per female were produced for the 2- to 3-day-old parasites. Sex ratio of progeny was not significantly affected by host age, averaging 77% females (range 63–92%). Mass rearing of F. canicularis on used M. domestica medium is described.
PREDATION BY PODISUS MACULIVENTRIS (SAY) ON MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE, EPILACHNA VARIVESTIS MULSANT, IN INDIANA SOYBEANS
Authors: O’Neil Robert J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDaily rates of predation by Podisus maculiventris (Say) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) on Mexican bean beetle larvae, Epilachna varivestis Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), were measured in soybeans, Glycine max (L.). The number of Mexican bean beetle larvae attacked per predator per day remained consistently low throughout 2 years of study. Estimates of the area searched by P. maculiventris were calculated from the number of prey attacked, number of prey available for attack, and leaf area. As leaf area increased, P. maculiventris searched more area, demonstrating a search strategy shared with other predators of canopy-inhabiting prey in soybeans.
OVIPOSITION OF THE GALL MIDGE CYSTIPHORA SONCHI (BREMI) (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE) VIA THE STOMATA OF PERENNIAL SOWTHISTLE (SONCHUS ARVENSIS L.)
Authors: DeClerck Rosemarie A. , Steeves Taylor A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractCystiphora sonchi (Bremi) females, fixed while ovipositing into leaves of perennial sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis L.), were sectioned and then examined with a light microscope. Sections revealed that this gall-inducing species oviposited into leaves of sowthistle via the stomatal openings of the lower epidermis. Furthermore, sections of eggs and surrounding leaf tissues indicated that the epidermis was not punctured during oviposition.
NEW SPECIES AND RECORDS OF NORTH AMERICANTACHINUSGRAVENHORST (COLEOPTERA: STAPHYLINIDAE)
Authors: Campbell J. M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTwo new species,Tachinus beckerifrom northwestern British Columbia and southern Yukon Territory andT.californicusfrom southern California, are described and their major diagnostic characters illustrated with line drawings and scanning electron photomicrographs.Tachinus jacuticus campbelliis placed in synonymy withT.jacuticus jacuticusand a new subspecies,T.jacuticus ullrichi, from Quebec and Labrador is named.Tachinus thruppiHatch is removed from synonymy withT.frigidusand considered a valid species. BothT.thruppiandT.frigidusare redescribed and illustrated. A new, revised key to the species ofTachinusis included.New distributional data are presented for 40 species and new or revised distributional maps are presented for 24 species. Changes in classification ofTachinusproposed by Ullrich in his revision of the world species are reviewed and those that are accepted are incorporated into a revised classification of the North American species. These changes are included in a check list of the North and Central American species of the genus.
DENSITY, PARASITISM, AND DISEASE INCIDENCE OF LARVAE OF THE BERTHA ARMYWORM, MAMESTRA CONFIGURATA WALKER (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE), IN MANITOBA, 1973–1986’
Authors: Turnock W. J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPopulations of larvae of the bertha armyworm, Mamestra configurata Wlk., in four physiographic regions of Manitoba showed similar trends over time: a decline from the outbreak of 1971–1972 to very low densities in 1975–1977, an increase to a peak during the years 1979–1981, and a subsequent decline. During the period of peak larval populations, brief (1 or 2 years) outbreaks [at least some fields with > 20 larvae per square metre) occurred at five locations in two regions, the Swan River Plain and the Valley River Plain, but not in the Western Uplands or the Manitoba Lowlands. In the first two regions, larval densities rose rapidly (from < 1.6 to > 13.8/m2) in 1 year. Although the general trend of population density was similar, there were differences in density among and within regions, and in the timing, severity, and duration of peak populations. Two parasitoids (Banchus flavescens Cress., Athrycia cinerea (Coq.)) and two pathogens (a nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) and fungi of the Entomophthorales) occurred regularly in larval populations. Of these, B. flavescens had the highest constancy among collections and may help to keep bertha armyworm populations at low densities. NPV was rarely found among larvae from low-density populations but appeared in all populations that reached outbreak levels. No single biotic agent could be associated with the population declines because of multiple parasitism and the difficulty in partitioning mortality when only a single sample could be taken. The rapid increase of bertha armyworm larvae from very low to outbreak levels in 1 year will prevent predictions of outbreaks from being based on larval densities in the preceding year.
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS TO THE NEARCTIC ORTHOCLADIINAE (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE)
Authors: Cranston P. S. , Oliver D. R. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractFive new species, Apometriocnemus beringensis, Cricotopus (Cricotopus) bifurcatus, Doithrix dillonae, Hydrobaenus piloculus, and Paratrissocladius lawrencensis, are described. The following new combinations are established: Bryophaenocladius astis (Roback 1951b); Compterosmittia nerius (Curran 1930); Parakiefferiella subaterrima (Malloch 1915); Paratrichocladius nitidus (Malloch 1915); Pseudosmittia nanseni (Kieffer 1926); and Zalutschia sivertseni (Aagard 1979). New genus name synonymies are Maricladius Sublette, 1970 with Parakiefferiella Thienemann, 1936; and Prosmittia Brundin, 1956 with Pseudosmittia Goetghebuer, 1932. New species name synonymies are Spaniotoma (Trichocladius) senex Johannsen, 1937 with Trichocladius nitidellus Malloch, 1915 (= Acricotopus nitidellus); Hydrobaenus traenis Roback, 1957b with Hydrobaenus astis Roback, 1957b (= Bryophaenocladius astis); Compterosmittia clavigera Saether, 1982 with Camptocladius nerius Curran, 1930 (= Compterosmittia nerius); Cricotopus flannagani Saether, 1971 with Cricotopus macraei Saether, 1971; Gymnometriocnemus marionensis Saether, 1969 with Metriocnemus subnudus Edwards, 1929 (= Gymnometriocnemus (Gymnometriocnemus) subnudus); Gymnometriocnemus (Raphidocladius) acigus Saether, 1983 with Metriocnemus brumalis Edwards, 1929 (= Gymnometriocnemus (Raphidocladius) brumalis); Limnophyes spatulosus Saether, 1975 with Limnophyes borealis Goetghebuer, 1933; Limnophyes cristatissimus Saether, 1975 with Camptocladius fumosus Johannsen, 1905 (= Limnophyes fumosus); Limnophyes hudsoni Saether, 1975 with Limnophyes immucronatus Saether, 1969; Hydrobaenus hudsoni Saether, 1977 with Chaetocladius (Parachaetocladius) abnobaeus Wülker, 1959 (= Parachaetocladius abnobaeus); Parakiefferiella torulata Saether, 1969 with Camptocladius subaterrimus Malloch, 1915 (= Parakiefferiella subaterrima); Trichocladius helis Roback, 1957b with Orthocladius nitidus Malloch, 1915 (= Paratrichocladius nitidus); Syncricotopus fontinalis Saether, 1969 with Chironomus rufiventris Meigen, 1830 (= Paratrichocladius rufiventris); Pseudorthocladius (Lordella) comans Saether and Sublette, 1983 with Pseudorthocladius (Lordella) wingoi Saether and Sublette, 1983; Smittia triappendiculata Goetghebuer, 1931 with Camptocladius forcipatus Goetghebuer, 1921 (= Pseudosmittia forcipatus); and Psilometriocnemus cristatus Saether, 1982 with Psilometriocnemus triannulatus Saether, 1969. Major new distribution records are given for 49 species including 8 Nearctic and 32 Canadian. A key to adult males of Nearctic Limnophyes is given.
THE EFFECTS OF A SPUNBONDED POLYESTER ROW COVER ON CAULIFLOWER YIELD LOSS CAUSED BY INSECTS
Authors: Millar Katherine V. , Isman Murray B. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA field trial was conducted to evaluate a spunbonded polyester row cover (Reemay) as a means of protecting cauliflower plants from insect pests. Total yield variables (curd weight, size, and color) did not differ significantly between plants under the row covers and those treated with insecticides, although plants under the row covers did produce a greater yield at an early harvest date. Plants in control plots failed to produce any marketable heads, owing to attack by cabbage maggots,Delia radicum(L.). Row covers may be a useful alternative to insecticides for pest control via physical exclusion of the key pest(s) from the crop plant.
EFFECTS OF BENZOYLPHENYLUREA INSECT GROWTH REGULATORS ON EGGS AND LARVAE OF THE SPOTTED TENTIFORM LEAFMINER PHYLLONORYCTER BLANCARDELLA (FABR.) (LEPIDOPTERA: GRACILLARIIDAE)
Authors: Marshall D.B. , Pree D.J. , McGarvey B.D. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThree benzoylphenylurea insecticides, diflubenzuron, triflumuron, and teflubenzuron, were toxic when applied to eggs of Phyllonorycter blancardella (Fabr.) 0–2 and 4–6 days post-oviposition. Most treated eggs hatched but larvae died in the early instars. High larval mortalities also occurred when treatments were applied to foliage prior to oviposition. Treatments applied to larvae, especially older larvae, were less toxic than those applied to eggs. In the field, control was similar whether insecticides were applied during egg deposition, first hatch of eggs, or against early-instar larvae. Applications during egg deposition are suggested as optimal for control. Control of spotted tentiform leafminer with insect growth regulators was equivalent to that obtained with deltamethrin or methomyl.Residues of diflubenzuron and triflumuron, applied pre-bloom, persisted until leaf drop 19 weeks later. Residues of teflubenzuron persisted for 9 weeks. Populations of spotted tentiform leafminer were suppressed throughout the season and residues of all insect growth regulators except teflubenzuron applied in May were toxic to larvae into October.
A REVIEW OF THE GENUS PARABARROVIA GIBSON (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) WITH DESCRIPTION OF THE IMMATURE STAGES AND A NEW SPECIES
Authors: Lafontaine J.D. , Kononenko V.S. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe genus Parabarrovia Gibson, with one included species, P. keelei Gibson, was previously known from the original type material collected in the MacKenzie Mountains, Northwest Territories, in northern Canada. The known range of P. keelei is extended to include other areas in Beringia, namely, Yukon (British Mountains), Alaska (Brooks Range and Seward Peninsula), and the USSR (Wrangel Island). The immature stages are described for the first time. A second species of Parabarrovia, P. ogilviensis Lafontaine, also known only from the Beringian area, is described from the Ogilvie Mountains, Yukon, Canada. The position of Parabarrovia within the Noctuidae is reviewed and the genus is tentatively retained within the subfamily Noctuinae. Adults, including genital characters, and the immature stages are described and illustrated for both species.
THE MADICOLOUS TIPULIDAE (DIPTERA) OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF THE BIOLOGY AND IMMATURE STAGES OF DACTYLOLABIS MONTANA (OSTEN SACKEN) AND D. HUDSONICA ALEXANDER (DIPTERA: TIPULIDAE)
Authors: Sinclair B.J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe Tipulidae occurring in madicolous habitats of eastern North America are briefly discussed. Biological information is given for Dactylolabis montana (Osten Sacken) and D. hudsonica Alexander. A larval key to separate them is provided, as well as descriptions of larvae and pupae for both species.
FIELD TESTS ON CONTROL OF THE IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: PIERIDAE) AND THE CABBAGE LOOPER (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) BY MIXTURES OF MICROBIAL AND CHEMICAL INSECTICIDES
Authors: Jaques Robert P. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe efficacy of mixtures of permethrin and Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki Berliner (B.t.), Autographa californica (Speyer) nuclear polyhedrosis virus (ACNPV), or Pieris (= Artogeia) rapae (L.) granulosis virus (PRGV) against the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hübner), and the imported cabbageworm, P. rapae, was assessed by field plot tests. Protection of the crop and yield by plots treated with several of the reduced-dosage mixtures were similar to protection and yield by plots treated with permethrin at the full rate, demonstrating a feasible procedure for reducing the amount of chemical insecticide applied without sacrificing protection of the crop. Furthermore, efficacy of the biological component of the mixtures, B.t. or viruses, was frequently enhanced by low concentrations of the chemical component on the mixture.
TIMING OF INSECTICIDE APPLICATIONS FOR THE CONTROL OF THE COLORADO POTATO BEETLE, LEPTINOTARSA DECEMLINEATA (SAY), (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE), ON POTATOES IN NEW BRUNSWICK
Authors: Boiteau G. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDifferent insecticide spray regimes were tested in 1984, 1985, and 1986 to determine the optimal time to control the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), on Russet Burbank potatoes in New Brunswick. Insecticides applied in mid-July at the peak of larval abundance when plants were entering into bloom had the greatest efficacy in controlling beetles and protecting the yield. A single insecticide application at 50% bloom was 12–17% and 82–95% more effective than one application at bloom and full growth, respectively.
SEASONAL OCCURRENCE AND INFESTATION POTENTIAL OF CABBAGE MAGGOT, DELIA RADICUM (L.) (DIPTERA: ANTHOMYIIDAE), ATTACKING RUTABAGA IN MANITOBA AS DETERMINED BY CAPTURES OF FEMALES IN WATER TRAPS
Authors: Bracken G.K. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe seasonal activity and infestation potential of the cabbage maggot, Delia radicum (L.) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), attacking rutabaga was studied at two Manitoba locations over 4 years based on captures of females in yellow water traps baited with alryl isothiocyanate. The activity peak for the overwintering generation occurred on 8 June ± 4.1 days (mean ± SD), with degree-day accumulations, base 5°C, of 159 ± 6.2 for soil at 5 cm and 387 ± 69.4 for air for both locations combined. The activity peak for the first generation occurred on 12 August ± 11.7 days with degree-day accumulations of 981 ± 229.3 and 1295 ± 175.7 for soil and air temperatures, respectively.Correlations between numbers of females trapped per week and of eggs in soil samples from around rutabaga plants for individual seasons at the two locations generally were not significant. A regression of numbers of eggs on females trapped based on all data was significant but had a low coefficient of determination (r2 = 0.289). The water traps are adequate for monitoring seasonal activity of adult flies but the captures are unreliable as quantitative indicators of potential infestation.