bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term experience of residual symptoms following treatment for localized prostate cancer: An Australian sample
Authors: WOOTTEN Addie C , BURNEY Sue , FRYDENBERG Mark , FOROUDI Farshad , NG Kim T , COLEMAN Grahame 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAim:  To assess the degree of residual urinary and sexual dysfunction experienced by patients treated for localized prostate cancer with radical prostatectomy (RP), external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) or EBRT plus hormone therapy (EBRT/HT) in an Australian sample.Methods:  This was a cross‐sectional survey of 150 patients who had undergone treatment for localized prostate cancer a mean of 4.93 years prior to the study. It was part of a larger study investigating the psychological adjustment of patients and their partners. Fifty‐five patients had undergone RP, 67 patients had undergone EBRT and 28 patients had undergone EBRT/HT for localized prostate cancer. The patients completed the University of California Los Angeles‐prostate cancer index to determine the level of residual sexual and urinary dysfunction and bother as well as their socio‐demographic characteristics.Results:  In the RP group, 34.5% of patients reported urinary leakage every day. Only one RP patient (1.8%) reported this as a significant problem. Inability to achieve an erection was reported by 41.8% of the RP group, 34.3% of the EBRT group and 46.4% of the EBRT/HT group. ancova indicated a significant difference in mean urinary function scores across treatment groups. The RP group showed significantly worse urinary function compared to the other treatment groups; however, this was not perceived to be a significant problem by most of the survivors. Age was significantly associated with sexual function.Conclusion:  Patients treated for localized prostate cancer face a high probability of living with long‐term residual symptoms. The results of this study suggest that urinary and sexual dysfunction is still evident, even in patients treated more than 4 years ago. The findings are consistent with a growing body of research indicating that patients in the later stages of surviving cancer face significant quality of life issues.
The management of periapical lesions in endodontically treated teeth
Authors: Yan Marcus T. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWhen root canal therapy is done according to accepted clinical principles and under aseptic conditions, the success rate is generally high. However, it has also been reported that 16% to 64.5% of endodontically treated teeth are associated with periapical radiolucent lesions. There are great variations among clinicians when suggesting treatment of these failed endodontic cases. This article will discuss factors influencing treatment decisions on these particular cases, and the pros and cons of nonsurgical retreatment versus surgical retreatment. The advancement of modern endodontic microsurgery will also be discussed.
Determination of root canal curvatures before and after canal preparation (part II): A method based on numeric calculus
Authors: Sonntag D. , Stachniss‐Carp S. , Stachniss C. , Stachniss V. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to present a new method based on numeric calculus to provide data on any type of root canal curvature at any point of the long axis of the canal. Twenty severely curved, simulated root canals were prepared with rotary FlexMaster® and Profile® instruments in the crown‐down technique and manually in the step‐back technique. The inner and outer curvatures were registered in a system of coordinates before and after preparation in increments of 0.5 mm. Using an equalising function, the curvatures were first represented in graphic and algebraic form. The maximum and the mean curvature as well as the length of the arc from the apical foramen to the point of maximum curvature were determined mathematically. An increase in maximum curvature was registered for all four shaping systems investigated. The radius of the inner curvature decreased by 0.5–1.2 mm in the manual systems as a result of the preparation. The Profile® system displayed the smallest changes in radius (−0.9 mm) even with the outer curvature, and manual preparation with stainless steel files the most pronounced change (−1.8 mm). The point of maximum curvature at the inner curvature was displaced by 1.6 mm to the apical foramen through manual preparation with Ni‐Ti files. At the outer curvature, the maximum displacement (1.8 mm) recorded was also the result of preparation with Ni‐Ti hand files, while a displacement of only 0.3 mm to the apical foramen was recorded with the other systems. The method offers a means of determining curvatures precisely without random specification of reference points. The method is also capable of registering only minor changes in curvature in the two‐dimensional long axis of the canal.
SEM evaluation of neodentinal bridging after direct pulp protection with mineral trioxide aggregate
Authors: Asgary Saeed , Parirokh Masoud , Eghbal Mohammad Jafar , Ghoddusi Jamileh , Eskandarizadeh Ali 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to observe the basic morphology and determine the chemical composition of neodentinal bridges adjacent white mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA) when used as a direct pulp capping material. The experimental procedures were performed on six intact dogs’ teeth. The pulps were exposed and cavities were filled with WMTA. After 2 weeks, neodentinal bridge formation was evaluated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) of cross‐sections of the specimens and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) of the pulpal surfaces. Results of SEM observation showed that the most characteristic reaction of pulp cells was the intimate connection of cell processes and secreted extracellular fibres with the crystals of the pulp capping material. Results of EPMA indicated that the mineralisation of neodentinal bridge formation occurred progressively from the periphery to the central area. Based on these results, it appears that WMTA has the potential to be used as a direct pulp capping material during vital pulp therapy.
Radiographic and rheological properties of a new endodontic sealer
Authors: Gambarini Gianluca , Testarelli Luca , Pongione Giancarlo , Gerosa Robero , Gagliani Massimo 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA new dual‐cured resin sealer has recently been proposed as an innovative endodontic filling material. Being a new endodontic material, no in vitro research has been published yet on Real Seal's (RS) physical properties. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare radiopacity and rheological properties of the RS sealer with those of currently available endodontic sealers (Roeko Seal Automix and Bioseal). All tests strictly followed American National Standards Institute/American Dental Association (ANSI/ADA) specification No. 57, which indicates test methods and establishes minimal requirements of flow, film thickness and radiopacity of endodontic sealers. Results showed that significant differences were found among sealers in the different test methods. However, RS showed values complying with ANSI/ADA specification No. 57 requirements in all tests. Hence, the new RS sealer exhibited radiographic and rheological properties suitable for clinical use.
Unusual anatomy of mandibular premolars
Authors: De Almeida‐Gomes Fábio , De Sousa Bruno Carvalho , Dos Santos Roberto Alves 
Published: August 2010

AbstractMandibular premolars usually have a single root and canal; however, during clinical and radiographic evaluation as part of endodontic treatment it must be noted that variations in anatomical configuration are not uncommon. These teeth may require special canal preparation and filling techniques. This article discusses the treatment recommendations for unusual anatomical configurations in two different mandibular premolars and reports the treatment carried out on these teeth.
Healing of large periapical lesion: A non‐surgical endodontic treatment approach
Authors: Saatchi Masoud 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA patient with a large periapical lesion around the apices of her mandibular incisors is presented. During the conservative non‐surgical endodontic treatment, sodium hypochlorite was used for irrigation, and calcium hydroxide was used for the intra‐canal dressing. Periapical healing was observed 1 month after obturation and continued in the 12‐month recall. This report confirms that the large size of a periapical lesion does not mandate its surgical removal, and that even cyst‐like periapical lesions heal following a conservative endodontic therapy.
Modulation of Tau Phosphorylation by the Kinase PKR: Implications in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Bose Anindita , Mouton‐Liger François , Paquet Claire , Mazot Pierre , Vigny Marc , Gray Françoise , Hugon Jacques 
Published: August 2010

AbstractDouble‐stranded RNA dependent kinase (PKR) is a pro‐apoptotic kinase that controls protein translation. Previous studies revealed that activated PKR is increased in brains with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Glycogen Synthase Kinase Aβ (GSK‐3β) is responsible for tau phosphorylation and controls several cellular functions also including apoptosis. The goal of this work was to determine if PKR could concurrently trigger GSK‐3β activation, tau phosphorylation and apoptosis. In AD brains, both activated kinases co‐localize with phosphorylated tau in neurons. In SH‐SY5Y cell cultures, tunicamycin and Aβ1‐42 activate PKR, GSK‐3β and induce tau phosphorylation and all these processes are attenuated by PKR inhibitors or PKR siRNA. Our results demonstrate that neuronal PKR co‐localizes with GSK‐3β and tau in AD brains and is able to modulate GSK‐3β activation, tau phosphorylation and apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells exposed to tunicamycin or Aβ. PKR could represent a crucial signaling point relaying stress signals to neuronal pathways leading to cellular degeneration in AD.
The use of opioids in fibromyalgia
Authors: NGIAN Gene‐Siew , GUYMER Emma K. , LITTLEJOHN Geoffrey O. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractFibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a chronic disorder of widespread pain with high personal and societal burdens. Although targeted pharmacotherapies have become available in recent years, it remains a challenging condition to treat. Despite no randomized controlled trials addressing the short‐ or long‐term use of opioids in FMS, their use remains prevalent. In this article we discuss the role of opioids and other analgesics in the management of FMS, with particular focus on problems associated with their use. We review aspects of the pathophysiology of FMS and consider how specific factors may contribute to the lack of efficacy of opioids in this condition. Finally, we discuss drugs with combined opioid and anti‐opioid action and their roles in FMS. There is insufficient evidence to recommend the routine use of opioids in FMS. As well as having a significant adverse effect profile, their inefficacy may be due to their inability to target the pathophysiologic processes involved in this central sensitization syndrome.
Radiographic findings of Wistar rats fed with T‐2 toxin and Kashin‐Beck disease‐affected diet
Authors: YAN Denglu , KANG Pengde , LI Yansheng , YANG Jing , SHEN Bing , ZHOU Zongke , DENG Jianyun , PEI Fuxing 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjective:  To characterize the features of radiographic abnormalities of the tibial bone in Wistar rats which have been fed T‐2 toxin and Kashin‐Beck disease (KBD) epidemic district food.Methods:  Ninety Wistar rats were divided into five groups. Group A was fed with a normal diet as control; group B was fed with a normal diet and T‐2 toxin; group C was fed with a low‐nutrition diet and T‐2 toxin; group D was fed with a low‐nutrition diet; and group E was fed with a KBD‐affected diet. At 4, 8 and 12 weeks, six rats from each group were radiographed. After radiographic examination, samples of left knees were harvested and stained with hematoxylin and eosin.Results:  At 8 and 12 weeks, there were radiological changes in the epiphyseal plate. Abnormal radiological signs of blurring, thinning and irregularity were seen in groups C and E rats, and the length of tibial bones showed significant difference in the KBD‐fed rats and low‐nutrition diet combined T‐2 toxin rats, compared to the control group rats (P < 0.05). The epiphyseal plates showed more obvious necrosis of chondrocytes in groups C and E.Conclusions:  A rat model of KBD can be established by a KBD‐affected diet; proximal epiphyseal plate and metaphyseal bone of the tibia abnormalities on radiographs and histopathology were present in KBD model rats. A low nutrition diet may be involved the aetiology of KBD, and determination of this should be studied in the future.
Using false discovery rates for multiple comparisons in ecology and evolution
Authors: Pike Nathan 
Published: August 2010

Summary 1. Ecologists and evolutionary biologists often need to simultaneously evaluate the significance of multiple related hypotheses. Multiple comparisons need to be corrected to avoid inappropriately increasing the number of null hypotheses that are wrongly rejected. The traditional method of correction involves Bonferroni‐type multiple comparison procedures which are highly conservative, tending to increase the number of wrong rejections of true hypotheses as the number of hypotheses being simultaneously tested increases. 2. Newer procedures which are based on False Discovery Rates and which do not suffer the same loss of power as traditional methods are described. Algorithms and spreadsheet‐based software routines for three procedures which are especially useful in ecology and evolution are provided. 3. The strengths and potential pitfalls of FDR‐based analysis and of presenting results as FDR‐adjusted P‐values are discussed with reference to traditional methods such as the sequential Bonferroni correction. 4. FDR‐based multiple comparison procedures should be more widely adopted because they are often more appropriate than traditional methods for identifying truly significant results.
A unified approach to model selection using the likelihood ratio test
Authors: Lewis Fraser , Butler Adam , Gilbert Lucy 
Published: August 2010

Summary1. Ecological count data typically exhibit complexities such as overdispersion and zero‐inflation, and are often weakly associated with a relatively large number of correlated covariates. The use of an appropriate statistical model for inference is therefore essential. A common selection criteria for choosing between nested models is the likelihood ratio test (LRT). Widely used alternatives to the LRT are based on information‐theoretic metrics such as the Akaike Information Criterion.2. It is widely believed that the LRT can only be used to compare the performance of nested models – i.e. in situations where one model is a special case of another. There are many situations in which it is important to compare non‐nested models, so, if true, this would be a substantial drawback of using LRTs for model comparison. In reality, however, it is actually possible to use the LRT for comparing both nested and non‐nested models. This fact is well‐established in the statistical literature, but not widely used in ecological studies.3. The main obstacle to the use of the LRT with non‐nested models has, until relatively recently, been the fact that it is difficult to explicitly write down a formula for the distribution of the LRT statistic under the null hypothesis that one of the models is true. With modern computing power it is possible to overcome this difficulty by using a simulation‐based approach.4. To demonstrate the practical application of the LRT to both nested and non‐nested model comparisons, a case study involving data on questing tick (Ixodes ricinus) abundance is presented. These data contain complexities typical in ecological analyses, such as zero‐inflation and overdispersion, for which comparison between models of differing structure – e.g. non‐nested models – is of particular importance.5. Choosing between competing statistical models is an essential part of any applied ecological analysis. The LRT is a standard statistical test for comparing nested models. By use of simulation the LRT can also be used in an analogous fashion to compare non‐nested models, thereby providing a unified approach for model comparison within the null hypothesis testing paradigm. A simple practical guide is provided in how to apply this approach to the key models required in the analyses of count data.
A cross‐sectional study of geriatric horses in the United Kingdom. Part 2: Health care and disease
Authors: IRELAND J. L. , CLEGG P. D. , McGOWAN C. M. , McKANE S. A. , PINCHBECK G. L. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryReasons for performing study: Geriatric horses (aged ≥15 years) represent a substantial proportion of the equine population, yet very few studies have investigated the prevalence of diseases within the UK equine geriatric population.Objectives: To describe the provision of routine preventive health care measures, prevalence of clinical signs of disease and the prevalence of owner reported diseases. Additionally, the effect of increasing age on the provision of preventive health care and the presence or absence of clinical signs and disease was assessed.Methods: A cross‐sectional study was conducted, surveying a randomly selected sample of veterinary registered owners with horses aged ≥15 years, using a self‐administered postal questionnaire.Results: As geriatric horses increased in age, there was a reduction in the provision of preventive health care measures, such as vaccination, farrier care and routine veterinary checks. Only 68.7% of horses had received a routine veterinary visit within the previous 12 months. Owners frequently observed clinical signs in their animals, with 77% reporting at least one clinical sign of disease. Increasing age was associated with increased reporting of many clinical signs of disease. Over half (58%) of horses had at least one episode of disease within the previous 12 months, yet only 31% of owners reported that their animal currently suffered from a known disease or disorder.Conclusions and potential relevance: Although owners frequently observed clinical signs in their aged horse, there may be incorrect or under recognition of many diseases and health problems. Reduced frequency of routine preventive health care measures, along with suboptimal owner recognition of health and welfare problems may lead to compromised welfare in the geriatric population.
Laparoscopic techniques for investigating the equine oviduct
Authors: KÖLLMANN M. , RÖTTING A. , HEBERLING A. , SIEME H. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryReasons for performing study:The diagnostic and therapeutic options for oviduct disorders in the mare are limited. The current best techniques require exploratory surgery under general anaesthesia or flank laparotomy.Hypothesis:The orthograde flushing of the oviduct for diagnostic or therapeutic options is possible using laparoscopic techniques in the standing sedated mare.Methods:Development of a laparoscopic technique for catheterisation of the infundibulum and flushing of the oviduct (sterile methylene blue solution) in the standing sedated mare was examined in 2 experiments. The first involved a transvaginal laparoscopic approach, the second a laparoscopic flank approach. Passage of fluid into the uterus was assessed by post operative hysteroscopy.Results:InExperiment I, visualisation of the infundibulum was possible (left side 7/8 cases, right side in 6/8 cases). The beginning of the oviductal ampulla could be seen in 3 of 8 cases on the left side. An adequate opening of the infundibulum and visualisation or catheterisation of the abdominal ostium were not possible. InExperiment II, catheterisation of the ampulla was successful in 7 of 11 cases, and in 5 of these 7 cases the injected fluid could be identified in the uterus by post operative hysteroscopy.Conclusion:A transvaginal laparoscopic approach to the oviduct is not appropriate for oviductal flushing in the mare. However, a laparoscopic flank‐approach permits investigation and flushing of the oviduct.Potential relevance:Laparoscopic flushing could become a practical method for diagnosis and therapy of oviduct disorders and a minimally invasive technique for collection of young embryos or the transfer of gametes (GIFT).
A cross‐sectional study of geriatric horses in the United Kingdom. Part 1: Demographics and management practices
Authors: IRELAND J. L. , CLEGG P. D. , McGOWAN C. M. , McKANE S. A. , PINCHBECK G. L. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryReasons for performing study:With growing numbers of aged horses, geriatric medicine is becoming increasingly important in equine veterinary practice; however, there is a paucity of information on the UK equine geriatric population.Objectives:To describe the demographic characteristics of the equine geriatric population and to assess management practices undertaken by owners of geriatric horses (aged ≥15 years).Methods:A cross‐sectional study was conducted, surveying a randomly selected sample of veterinary registered owners with horses aged ≥15 years, using a self‐administered postal questionnaire.Results:Horses aged ≥15 years represented 29% of the equine population in the study area. The response rate to the questionnaire survey was 80.2%. Management practices were similar to those previously described for the general equine population. However, the level of exercise and feeding practices changed significantly with increasing age. A summary of the demographic characteristics, feeding and management of horses in a sample of the geriatric equine population is presented.Conclusions and potential relevance:The management of geriatric horses has a direct effect on their health and welfare and this study has provided valuable information on the demographics and management of geriatric horses and ponies in the UK. The information can be used to form targeted owner education programmes for geriatric health and should aid in the investigation and prevention of disease.
Enhancement of Targeted Homologous Recombination inMycoplasma mycoidessubsp.capriby Inclusion of HeterologousrecA
Authors: Allam Ayman B. , Reyes Leticia , Assad-Garcia Nacyra , Glass John I. , Brown Mary B. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTA suicide plasmid, pExp1-ctpA::tetM-recAec, employingrecAfromEscherichia coliandtetMas a selection marker, was used to generatectpAknockout mutants inMycoplasma mycoidessubsp.caprithrough targeted gene disruption. Inclusion ofE. coli recAgreatly enhanced both the consistency and the recovery of mutants generated by homologous recombination.
Engineered Lactic Acid Bacterium
Lactococcus lactis
Capable of Binding Antibodies and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha
Authors: Ravnikar Matjaž , Štrukelj Borut , Obermajer Nataša , Lunder Mojca , Berlec Aleš 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT

We have optimized the display of the B domain of staphylococcal protein A on the surface of
Lactococcus lactis.
The maximum binding capacity was estimated at 0.146 μg of antibody per 10
8
cells and was sustained at 86% after treatment with simulated gastric juice. A tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-binding affibody was also displayed and bound TNF-α, which could be useful in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.