bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New biomarkers probing depth of cell senescence assessed by laser scanning cytometry
Authors: Zhao Hong , Halicka H. Dorota , Traganos Frank , Jorgensen Ellen , Darzynkiewicz Zbigniew 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe imaging analytical capabilities of laser scanning cytometer (LSC) have been used to assess morphological features considered to be typical of the senescent phenotype. The characteristic “flattening” of senescent cells was reflected by the decline in the density of staining (intensity of maximal pixel) of DNA‐associated fluorescence [4,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole (DAPI)] paralleled by an increase in nuclear size (area). The decrease in ratio of maximal pixel to nuclear area was even more sensitive senescence biomarker than the change in maximal pixel or nuclear area, each alone. The saturation cell density at plateau phase of growth recorded by LSC was found to be dramatically decreased in cultures of senescent cells, thereby also serving as an additional marker. The induction of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors p21WAF1 and p27KIP1 and γH2AX and activation of ATM markers of DNA damage response were measured in parallel with DNA/DAPI maximal pixel and nuclear area. These biomarker indices were expressed in quantitative terms by reporting them as a fraction of the respective controls. The effect of treatment of A549 and WI‐38 cells with different concentrations of mitoxantrone (Mxt) and trichostatin A for various time periods was studied to assess the degree (depth) of cell senescence. Also assessed was the effect of 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose, the agent attenuating metabolic cell activity, on the depth of senescence induced by Mxt. A relationship between the ability of cells to synthesize RNA (incorporate 5‐ethynyluridine) that leads to growth imbalance and induction of cell senescence was also studied. The data show that morphometric analysis of cellular attributes by LSC offers an attractive tool to detect cell senescence and measure its degree particularly in assessing effects of the factors that enhance or attenuate this process. This methodology is of importance in light of the evidence that cellular senescence is not only a biological process that is fundamental for organismal aging but also impedes formation of induced‐pluripotent stem cells providing the barrier for neoplastic transformation and is the major mechanism of induction of reproductive cell death during treatment of solid tumors. © 2010 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
Untersuchungen zum eingefassten Mauerwerk am Beispiel Porenbeton
Authors: Jäger Wolfram , Schöps Peter 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMauerwerksbauten werden in Deutschland in der Regel traditionell, dass heißt ohne Verstärkungsmaßnahmen, hergestellt. Erst bei anspruchsvolleren Konstellationen, wie offenen Grundrissen oder hohen Lasten, sind weitere konstruktive Maßnahmen notwendig. Hierbei wird die fehlende oder nur geringe Zugfestigkeit des Mauerwerks durch Bewehrungselemente kompensiert. Eine Möglichkeit stellt das Eingefasste Mauerwerk dar. Bisher seht bei der Anwendung dieser Konstruktionsform allerdings die Ertüchtigung für die Plattenbeanspruchung im Vordergrund. Die günstigen Eigenschaften für den Lastabtrag in Scheibenrichtung werden außer Acht gelassen. Der folgende Beitrag belegt anhand von Versuchen und theoretischen Betrachtungen die deutliche Traglaststeigerung und das hohe duktile Verformungsvermögen.Investigations on confined masonry made of Autoclaved aerated concrete. Masonry buildings in Germany are normally made in a traditional way. That means without reinforcement measures. Only buildings in a more critical situation, such as open ground plans or high loads, are getting some structural extensions. Here the low or missing tensile strength of the masonry is compensated by reinforcing elements. One possibility for the structural enhancement is the use of RC‐confinement. The strengthening for out of plane bending was the reason for the use of this confined masonry in Germany so fare. The improvement of shear properties was not taken into account. This paper shows on the basis of experiments and theoretical investigations, the significant increase of the shear capacity and the high ductile deformation capacity.
Zukünftige Brandschutzbemessung von schlanken Kalksandstein‐Wänden mit deutlich höheren Auflasten
Authors: Bruhn Peter , Hahn Christiane , Schlundt Andreas 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDie Feuerwiderstandsdauer von tragenden, raumabschließenden Mauerwerkswänden muss derzeit in Abhängigkeit des Ausnutzungsfaktors entsprechend den Regelungen in der Anlage zur Liste der technischen Baubestimmungen bestimmt werden. Die Beschränkung des Ausnutzungsfaktors auf 1,0 bedeutet, dass keine höheren Lasten auf die Wände einwirken dürfen als nach dem vereinfachten Verfahren in DIN 1053‐1 statisch nachweisbar sind. Anderenfalls muss die Wanddicke erhöht werden, um den Ausnutzungsfaktor entsprechend zu reduzieren. Um bei schlanken Kalksandsteinwänden die deutlich höheren zulässigen Las ten nach dem genaueren Berechnungsverfahren und insbesondere nach dem Teilsicherheitskonzept auch bei Anforderungen an den Brandschutz ausnutzen zu können, wurde von der euro päischen Kalksandsteinindustrie ein umfangreiches Forschungsprogramm durchgeführt, worüber bereits ausführlich berichtet wurde. In diesem Beitrag werden nunmehr die Auswirkungen auf die zukünftige Normung, insbesondere auf die derzeit in Bearbeitung befindlichen änderungen zu den Normen DIN 4102‐4 und ‐22, erläutert. Abschließend wird ein Vorschlag für die zukünftige Regelung zur Ermittlung der Feuerwiderstandsdauer von tragenden, raumabschlie ßenden Kalksandsteinwänden unterbreitet.Future calculation of the fire resistance of slender calcium silicate walls with explicitly higher loads. At present the fire resistance endurance of load bearing walls with a fire‐separating function has to be determined depending on the utilisation factor as given in the rules of the annex to the list of technical rules. The restriction of the utilisation factor to 1,0 means that no higher loads are allowed as calculated in the structural analysis according to the simplified calculation method in DIN 1053‐1. Otherwise the thickness of the wall has to be increased to reduce the utilisation factor. To take advantage for slender calcium silicate masonry walls in applying the permitted clearly higher loads according to the more exact calculation method in DIN 1053‐1 and especially according to the semi‐probabilistic safety concept also in case of requirements on fire protection, the European calcium silicate industry realized a substantial research project as already described in details earlier. Now in this article the effect on future standardisation projects, especially on the currently revised standards DIN 4102‐4 and ‐22, will be illustrated. Finally a proposal is given for future rules to determine the fire resistance period of load bear ing calcium silicate walls with a fire‐separating function.
Schubtragfähigkeit von Mauerwerk aus Wärmedämmziegeln
Authors: Fehling Ekkehard , Stürz Jochen , Meyer Udo 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDer Beitrag berichtet über zentrische und exzentrische Schubversuche an Mauerwerk aus Wärmedämmziegeln. Die Ergebnisse werden mit den aktuell gültigen Bemessungsansätzen in DIN 1053‐1 verglichen.Es wird gezeigt, dass die Versuchsergebnisse immer eine ausreichende Sicherheit gegenüber den Bemessungswerten nach DIN 1053‐1 aufweisen. Auch für Mauerwerk aus Wärmedämmziegeln mit allgemeiner bauaufsichtlicher Zulassung können somit die vereinfachten Bemessungsregeln der DIN 4149 ohne Abminderungen angewendet werden.In plane shear resistance of thermal insulating vertically perforated clay brick masonry. In plane shear tests on thermal insulating vertically perforated clay brick masonry are presented. The results are compared with the design rules from DIN 1053‐1.The test results exceeded the design predictions of DIN 1053‐1 by a significant safety margin. The simplified design rules from the German earthquake standard DIN 4149 can be applied to thermal insulating clay unit masonry with technical approvals without any reduction.
Horizontaltragfähigkeit von zusammengesetzten Mauerwerksquerschnitten
Authors: Zilch Konrad , Schermer Detleff , Scheufler Wolfgang , Grabowski Stefanie 
Published: October 2010

AbstractZusammengesetzte Schubwandquerschnitte weisen unter kombinierter Beanspruchung aus Normalkraft und Schub mit Scheibenbiegung bezüglich der Steifigkeit und Tragfähigkeit ein deutlich günstigeres Verhalten auf als gerade Wandabschnitte ohne entsprechende Flansche. Insbesondere im Hinblick auf Erdbeben beanspruchungen wurde an der Technischen Universität München ein Versuchsprogramm an im Grundriss T‐förmigen Schubwandbauteilen unter realistischen Randbedingungen durchgeführt und mit rechnerischen Untersuchungen begleitet. Der Beitrag stellt die Ergebnisse auszugsweise dar, insbesondere im Hinblick auf numerische Vergleichsberechnungen.Masonry shear walls with flanges: Behaviour under combined loadings. Concering the load bearing capacity and the stiffness characteristics of shear walls with flanges, a significant better behaviour under combined shear loadings, compared to walls with rectangular shape, can be found. Within a research project, several tests on full‐scale walls with T‐shaped ground plan view and different execution detaillings (e. g. connection between shear wall and intersecting wall with shear ties or interlocking) under combined N‐M‐V loadings (static‐cyclic and pseudo‐dynamic) have been performed. In the following some results of the tests and numerical investigations are presented.
Neue Tragfähigkeitstabellen zur Einstufung von Mauerwerk in Feuerwiderstandsklassen
Authors: Bruhn Peter , Hahn Christiane , Meyer Udo 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIm Beitrag wird eine neue Systematik zur Angabe von Tabellenwerten des Feuerwiderstands von Mauerwerkswänden durch Auswertung von Brandversuchen vorgestellt. Für bestimmte definierte Randbedingungen (Stein‐Mörtel‐Kombination, Halterung der Wand) werden die für bestimmte Wanddicken maximal aufnehmbaren zentrisch eingeleiteten Normalkräfte zum Erreichen einer definierten Feuerwiderstandsdauer angegeben. Damit ist die brandschutztechnische Bewertung von Mauerwerkswänden unabhängig von verwendeten kalten Bemessungsverfahren direkt möglich.New tables for the classification of the fire resistance of masonry. A new approach for tabulated data for the definition of the fire resistance of masonry walls on the basis of fire resistance tests is presented. Maximum vertical loads to hit a defined fire resistance are given — depending on additional boundary conditions, such as unit‐mortar‐combination and statical system of the walls — for different wall thicknesses. This approach allows the fire design of walls irrespective of the design method applied in “cold design”.
Energieeffizienz — Die Balance zwischen Produktion und Verbrauch
Authors: Lehmden Alexander , Kuhlemann Clemens 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDurch die Neufassung der europäischen Gebäuderichtlinie kommt es zu einem Paradigmenwechsel bei der Gebäudeplanung. Zukünftig werden Gebäude, Gebäudetechnik und Energiequellen gemeinsam bewertet und optimiert werden. Das Ziel ist, kostengünstig einen niedrigen Primärenergieverbrauch und damit geringe Treibhausgasemissionen zu erreichen, ein Ziel, das aktuelle Hauskonzepte der Ziegelindustrie, wie z. B. das e4‐Hauskonzept oder Sonnenhaus, schon heute erreichen.Energy Efficiency — The balance between production and consumption. The recast of the European building directive will change the way of designing and evaluating buildings in Europe. In Future the building envelope, technical building systems and energy carriers should be harmonized resulting in low Primary energy demand and Greenhousegas emissions. New house concepts of the brick industry like the e4 house or solar house fulfil these requirements already today in an affordable way.
One‐Pot Atom‐Economic Synthesis of Thioselenophosphinates via a New Multicomponent Reaction of Secondary Phosphanes with Elemental Sulfur, Selenium, and Amines
Authors: Artem'ev Alexander V. , Gusarova Nina K. , Malysheva Svetlana F. , Mamatyuk Victor I. , Gatilov Yurii V. , Ushakov Igor A. , Trofimov Boris A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe multicomponent reaction between secondary phosphanes R2PH (R = Ph, arylalkyl, hetarylalkyl), elemental sulfur, selenium, and primary, secondary, or tertiary amines to afford the corresponding mono‐, di‐, and trialkylammonium thioselenophosphinates has been discovered. The atom‐economic reaction proceeds under mild conditions (ethanol/toluene, 40–70 °C, 40 min) to give the target alkylammonium thioselenophosphinates in high yields (up to 94 %).
Call‐level performance analysis of a W‐CDMA cell with finite population and interference cancellation
Authors: Kallos Georgios A. , Vassilakis Vassilios G. , Logothetis Michael D. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe study the effect of Interference Cancellation (IC) on the Call Blocking Probabilities (CBP), in the uplink of W‐CDMA networks supporting multiple service‐classes with finite number of traffic sources. We propose an approximate but recurrent formula for the calculation of the system state probabilities and CBP that captures the IC efficiency parameter, as well as other parameters peculiar to W‐CDMA networks such assoft blockinganduser activity. To this end, we describe the state transition diagram of the W‐CDMA system by one‐dimensional Markov chain. The analytical CBP results are compared with simulation results in order to verify the validity of the proposed formulas and reveal their accuracy. In addition, we show the consistency of our analysis when the number of traffic sources becomes infinite. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A mobile application prototype using network coding
Authors: Pedersen Morten V. , Heide Janus , Fitzek Frank H. P. , Larsen Torben 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis paper looks into implementation details of network coding for a mobile application running on commercial mobile phones. We describe the necessary coding operations and algorithms that implements them. The coding algorithms forms the basis for a implementation in C++ and Symbian C++. We report on practical measurement results of coding throughput and energy consumption for a single‐source multiple‐sinks network, with and without recoding at the sinks. These results confirm that network coding is practical even on computationally weak platforms, and that network coding potentially can be used to reduce energy consumption. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Re‐examining the QUICKEST algorithm for two‐dimensional incompressible fluids
Authors: Le San 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDavis and Moore's two‐dimensional QUICKEST algorithm is presented in detail to give an explicit description of how upwinding terms are treated based on flow direction. Among the finite difference methods used in fluid dynamics, QUICKEST is easy to implement and remains stable over long times and a wide range of Reynolds numbers. By giving a comprehensive discussion of all the aspects of this algorithm, including staggered grids, advancing velocity in time, enforcing incompressibility, and choice of boundary conditions, the main challenges to coding are overcome. Vortex shedding simulations are shown for Reynolds numbers from 250 to 10 000 and times as high as 288 s. Comparisons were made for Strouhal number with Davis and Moore's results as well as the experimental data of others. Streakline plots and coefficients of drag and lift were also compared with their original paper. To further test the algorithm, additional simulations were made for flow over a backward‐facing step and Poiseuille flow. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intramolecular cyclization of N‐hetarylphosphinimidic isocyanates in the synthesis of 1,7‐dihydro‐4H‐imidazo[4,5‐d][1,3,2]diazaphosphinin‐4‐one (2‐phosphapurine)
Authors: Anatoliy P. Marchenko , Georgiy K. Koydan , Anastasia S. Huryeva , Radomyr V. Smaliy , Aleksandr A. Yurchenko , Anatoliy N. Alekseenko 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIt has been found that N‐(4‐imidazolyl)phosphinimidic isocyanates obtained by the reaction of the corresponding chlorophosphine N‐hetarylimide with alkali metal cyanates can undergo intramolecular heterocyclization to yield previously unknown phosphapurine derivatives containing an endocyclic PN double bond. This radically novel approach to building the 2‐phosphapurine system shows promise for the synthesis of related phosphorus‐containing fused heterocycles. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 21:453–455, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20617
Über die Oxydation von Mangan(II)‐hydroxyd mit molekularem Sauerstoff
Authors: Feitknecht W. , Marti W. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract1. Es wird die Oxydation von Mangan(II)‐hydroxyd und von ammoniakalischen Mangan(II)‐salzlösungen mit Sauerstoff und Wasserstoffperoxyd verfolgt. Röntgenographisch und analytisch sind die folgenden Oxydationsprodukte festgestellt worden: oxydiertes Manganhydroxyd, Mangan(II(, (III)‐Doppelhydroxyd, Hausmannit, Hydrohausmannit, α, β, γ‐MnOOH, Mangan(II)‐manganit. Die Bedingungen, unter denen sich diese Verbindungen bilden, werden im einzelnen beschrieben.
Zur Kenntnis der Formoltitration
Authors: Treadwell W. D. , Bergsland Jon 
Published: October 2010

Abstract1. Die Verstärkung der Aminosäuren in verdünnter wässriger Lösung durch Formaldehyd wurde untersucht und hierbei weitere Stützen dafür geliefert, dass die Säureverstärkung auf einer spontanen lockeren Anlagerung des Formaldehyds an die Aminosäure beruht.
Production de l'ozone au moyen d'une lumière ultra‐violette intermittente: lampe à vapeur de mercure avec dispositif d'interruption; étincelles entre électrodes de zinc
Authors: Briner E. , Karbassi H. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDes essais comparatifs ont été faits sur la production de l'ozone au moyen 1° de la lampe à mercure en lumière continue ou intermittente, avec ou sans interposition d'un filtre; 2° de l'étincelle entre électrodes de zine.
Über den Einfluss von Lösungsmittel und Temperatur auf die Stärke von Aminosäuren
Authors: Lönning Thor J. G. , Treadwell W. D. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractEs wurde die scheinbare Dissoziationskonstante von Glykokoll in wässrigem Aceton von 47,7 Vol. proz. und in Propionaldehyd von 10 Gew. proz. mit der Glaselektrode gemessen.
Über die Viskosität wässriger Lösungen von Pektinstoffen, besonders von Natriumpektaten
Authors: Deuel H. , Weber F. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDie umfangreiche Literatur über die Viskosität von wässrigen Pektinlösungen zeigt, dass die komplizierten Viskositätsverhältnisse bei Betrachtung des Pektins als heteropolares Linearkolloid verständlicher werden.
Zur Kenntnis des Abbaues der Aminosäuren im tierischen Organismus. 8. Über die komplexe Natur der d‐Aminosäure‐oxydase
Authors: Edlbacher S. , Wiss O. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract1. Der Abbau verschiedener d‐Aminosäuren durch gereinigte d‐Aminosäure‐oxydase wird durch verschiedene l‐Aminosäuren in ganz verschiedner Weise beeinflusst.
Protein‐resistant polyurethane by sequential grafting of poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) and poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate) via surface‐initiated ATRP
Authors: Jin Zhilin , Feng Wei , Zhu Shiping , Sheardown Heather , L. Brash John 
Published: October 2010

AbstractProtein‐resistant polyurethane (PU) surfaces were prepared by sequentially grafting poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (poly(HEMA)) and poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate) (poly(OEGMA)) via surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (s‐ATRP). The chain lengths of poly(HEMA) and poly(OEGMA) were regulated via the ratio of monomer to sacrificial initiator in solution. The surfaces were characterized by water contact angle and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The protein resistant properties of the surfaces were assessed by single and binary adsorption experiments with fibrinogen (Fg), lysozyme (Lys), and lactalbumin (Lac). The adsorption of all three proteins on the sequentially grafted poly(HEMA)‐poly(OEGMA) surfaces (PU/PH/PO) was greatly reduced compared with the unmodified PU. Adsorption decreased with increasing poly(OEGMA) chain length. On the PU/PH/PO surface with longest poly(OEGMA) chain length (∼100), the decrease in Lys adsorption was in the range of 95–98% and the decrease in Fg and Lac adsorption was >99% compared with the unmodified PU. Adsorption from binary protein solutions showed that the PU/PH/PO surfaces resisted these proteins more or less equally, that is, independent of protein size. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.
Synthetic elastin hydrogels that are coblended with heparin display substantial swelling, increased porosity, and improved cell penetration
Authors: Tu Yidong , Mithieux Suzanne M. , Annabi Nasim , Boughton Elizabeth A. , Weiss Anthony S. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSynthetic elastin hydrogels are useful tissue engineering scaffolds because they present cell binding sequences and display physical performance similar to that of human elastic tissue. Small pores and a low porosity can limit cellular penetration into elastin scaffolds. To overcome this problem, glycosaminoglycans were coblended with tropoelastin during the formation of synthetic elastin hydrogels. Heparin and dermatan sulfate increased the pore size and porosity of the hydrogels. Heparin was particularly effective as it enlarged the pore size from 6.6 ± 2.1 μm to 23.8 ± 8.5 μm, and generated structures occasionally separated by finely fenestrated thin walls, which allowed human dermal fibroblast cells to migrate as deep as ∼300 μm into the hydrogel under diffusion‐limiting static culture conditions. Most cells displayed spindle‐like morphology, appeared histologically normal and presented intact nuclei, as expected for a viable population. Hydrogel swelling studies showed that each of the hydrogels contracted as the temperature was raised from 4°C to 37°C; synthetic elastin‐heparin was least affected by temperature with a contraction of only 22.4 ± 1.2%, which would facilitate its transition from cold storage to body temperature. All hydrogels displayed similar compression moduli of 5.5 ± 0.4 to 6.9 ± 0.6 kPa. Compressive elastic energy losses for synthetic elastin‐heparin and synthetic elastin were 33.7 ± 1.3% and 31.7 ± 2.2% respectively. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.
Stiffness of the substrate influences the phenotype of embryonic chicken cardiac myocytes
Authors: Bajaj Piyush , Tang Xin , Saif Taher A. , Bashir Rashid 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe examined the effect of substrate stiffness on the beating rate, force of contraction, and cytoskeletal structure of embryonic chicken cardiac myocytes by culturing them on laminin‐coated polyacrylamide (PA) substrates. Cells cultured on PA substrates with elasticity comparable to that of the native myocardium (18 kPa) exhibited the highest beating rate during the first few days of culture. The initial beating rate of individual cells on all the substrates varied significantly but began to converge within 5 days. We also examined the focal adhesions (FAs) and cytoskeletal structure on different substrates via confocal microscopy and found a higher percentage of FAs on tissue culture (TC) plastic dishes compared with the softer PA gels. Furthermore, highly aligned sarcomeric striations were clearly visible on 18 kPa, 50 kPa, and TC dish, whereas cells on 1 kPa only showed nonaligned diffused striations. The force of contraction on these substrates was measured using a micro‐electromechanical system force sensor, which showed that the force of contraction for the cells on TC dishes (F= 71.30 ± 6.38 nN) was significantly larger than those cultured on the 18‐kPa PA gel (F= 30.16 ± 3.83 nN). This is most likely due to the formation of higher percentage of FAs on the TC dishes compared with fewer FAs on the softer gels. Our cumulative findings can have a significant impact on the design of 3D cardiac tissue engineered scaffolds. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.