bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Approximate dynamic programming‐based control of distributed parameter systems
Authors: Joy Midhun , Kaisare Niket S. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe objective of this work is to extend the approximate dynamic programming (ADP) framework to online control of distributed parameter systems. The ADP framework involves using suboptimal control policies to identify the relevant regions of the state space and to generate a cost‐to‐go function approximation applicable in this region. We present model‐based value iteration and model‐free Q‐learning approaches for feedback control of an adiabatic plug flow reactor. The state dimension is reduced using appropriate model reduction and sensor placement techniques. We show that both the approaches provide better performance than the initial model predictive control and Proportional‐Integral‐Derivative (PID) controllers. Finally, an extension of ADP to the stochastic case with full state feedback is presented. Copyright © 2011 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of alien predators that should not be removed for controlling invasive crayfish threatening endangered odonates
Authors: Miyake Moe , Miyashita Tadashi 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
When multiple invasive species coexist in the same ecosystem and their diets change as they grow, determining whether to eradicate any particular invader is difficult because of complex predator–prey interactions.
A stable isotope food‐web analysis was conducted to explore an appropriate management strategy for three potential alien predators (snakehead Channa argus, bullfrog Rana catesbeiana, red‐eared slider turtle Trachemys scripta elegans) of invasive crayfish Procambarus clarkii that had severely reduced the densities of endangered odonates in a pond in Japan.
The stable isotope analysis demonstrated that medium‐ and small‐sized snakeheads primarily depended on crayfish and stone moroko Pseudorasbora parva. Both adult and juvenile bullfrogs depended on terrestrial arthropods, and juveniles exhibited a moderate dependence on crayfish. The turtle showed little dependence on crayfish.
These results suggest that eradication of snakeheads risks the possibility of mesopredator release, while such risk appears to be low in other alien predators. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Making Sense of Ecopreneurs' Decisions to Sell Up
Authors: Kearins Kate , Collins Eva 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTThis article examines the phenomenon of values‐based firms being sold to larger mainstream firms. Its focus is on the sensemaking rationale offered by a New Zealand ecopreneur who sold an organic beverage company after 20 years at the helm. The company case study is presented through two enterprise development narratives based on alternative sensemaking modes. Key values‐related challenges arising in ecopreneurial business are identified, including (1) adhering to the founder's values, (2) growing the business sustainably, (3) deciding whether and when to expand ownership to cope with undercapitalization, (4) deciding who to bring in as new owners to ensure values alignment, (5) determining how and when the founder might leave and (6) ensuring the attractiveness of the sustainability values so that they might be retained. Other factors implicated in the sale of values‐based firms are also postulated. It is argued that, although ecopreneurs might be accused of selling out their principles by selling up, there is some evidence that eco‐brands are being maintained and that growth prospects could be improved after acquisition. Serial ecopreneurship may even extend social benefits. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Destination of the C4 component of the prefixed brachial plexus
Authors: Hur Mi‐Sun , Woo Jung‐Su , Park Seon‐Young , Kang Bum‐Seung , Shin Chuog , Kim Ho‐Jeong , Lee Kyu‐Seok 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis study was carried out to elucidate the destination of the C4 ventral ramus that forms the prefixed brachial plexus. A total of 43 sides of Korean adults (male, 22; female, 18; unknown: 3 and right, 23; left, 20) were investigated. The various C4 destinations and their frequencies were as follows: suprascapular nerve, 97.7% (42/43); musculocutaneous nerve, 79.1% (34/43); the axillary nerve, 48.8% (21/43); and the nerve to subclavius, 16.2% (7/43). The mean quantity of nerve fibers destined to the suprascapular, musculocutaneous, and axillary nerves and the nerve to subclavius was 441.8 ± 316.5 (Mean ± S.D.), 298.2 ± 209.8, 245.8 ± 239.0, and 66.4 ± 17.2, respectively. The mean nerve fibers number of C4 contributing to the brachial plexus was 983.6 ± 618.0 (range: 100–1729). The main component that contributes to the terminal nerves (suprascapular, musculocutaneous, axillary nerves, and nerve to subclavius) is C5. These results may be useful to surgeons and clinicians dealing with terminal nerves of the brachial plexus, especially the suprascapular, musculocutaneous, and axillary nerves. Clin. Anat. 24:717–720, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Highly Stereoselective Total Synthesis of Fully Hydroxy‐Protected Mycolactones A and B and Their Stereoisomerization upon Deprotection
Authors: Wang Guangwei , Yin Ning , Negishi Ei‐ichi 
Published: March 2011

AbstractUnprecedentedly efficient and highly (≥98 %) stereoselective syntheses of mycolactones A and B side chains relied heavily on Pd‐catalyzed alkenylation (Negishi version) and were completed in 11 longest linear steps from ethyl (S)‐3‐hydroxybutyrate in 12 % and 11 % overall yield, respectively, roughly corresponding to an average of 82 % yield per step. The synthesis of mycolactone core was realized by using Pd‐catalyzed alkenylallyl coupling and an epoxide‐opening reaction with a trialkylalkenylaluminate as key steps. Fully hydroxy‐protected mycolactones A and B of ≥98 % isomeric purity were synthesized successfully for the first time. However, unexpected 4:3–5:4 inseparable mixtures of mycolactones A and B were obtained upon deprotection.
Impact of androgen deprivation on physical well‐being in patients with prostate cancer
Authors: Sadetsky Natalia , Greene Kirsten , Cooperberg Matthew R. , Hubbard Alan , Carroll Peter R. , Satariano William 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:As androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) becomes a standard of treatment for men with recurrent or metastatic prostate cancer, evaluation of adverse effects associated with this treatment is needed. In this study, the authors evaluated the effect of ADT administered as monotherapy and in combination with local treatment on physical well‐being in a longitudinal sample of men with prostate cancer.METHODS:Exposure to ADT was defined by 3 groups: local (local treatment only), combination (local treatment with adjuvant and/or neoadjuvant ADT), and primary ADT. Associations between exposure to ADT and physical well‐being measured by self‐reported health‐related quality of life outcomes over time were evaluated by repeated measures analysis using mixed modeling. Estimates adjusted for various clinical and demographic variables are reported.RESULTS:A total of 2922 men, who completed both pretreatment and follow‐up health‐related quality of life assessment, were identified from the CaPSURE (Cancer of the Prostate Strategic Urologic Research Endeavor) registry. During 24 months of follow‐up, exposure to ADT was associated with worse physical well‐being compared with local treatment at all time points (P < .001). Being exposed to ADT as primary therapy was associated with more severe declines compared with combination therapy.CONCLUSIONS:The potential consequence of decline in physical well‐being in patients exposed to ADT has to be included in treatment decision making. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
The Adolescent Outcome of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Treated with Methylphenidate or Methylphenidate Combined with Multimodal Behaviour Therapy: Results of a Naturalistic Follow‐up Study
Authors: van der Oord S. , Prins P. J. M. , Oosterlaan J. , Emmelkamp P. M. G. 
Published: March 2011

Objective: Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) who participated in a randomized clinical trial, which compared a brief intensive multimodal behaviour therapy combined with optimally titrated methylphenidate to optimally titrated methylphenidate alone (n = 45), were re‐assessed at adolescence in a naturalistic follow‐up 4.5 to 7.5 years after treatment. Also a matched normal control group was recruited (n = 23).Methods: Assessments at follow‐up included diagnostic status, ADHD symptoms, oppositional and conduct behaviour, substance abuse symptoms and parenting stress.Results: Of the 24 adolescents participating in the follow‐up study, 50% still met diagnostic criteria for ADHD. There were no significant differences between adolescents at follow‐up and those lost for follow‐up. At follow‐up, adolescents in the combined treatment condition used significantly less medication than children in the methylphenidate condition; there were no other significant differences between the treatment conditions. The adolescents showed a significant decline in hyperactivity/impulsivity, oppositional and conduct disorder symptoms from post‐test to follow‐up. Only inattention symptoms increased from post‐test to follow‐up but not to pre‐test levels. The adolescents originally diagnosed with ADHD fared significantly worse than the matched controls on all outcomes, except on conduct disorder and substance abuse symptoms.Conclusions: Our study shows in adolescents, diagnosed with ADHD in childhood, age‐dependent decline of ADHD symptoms, although they still fared significantly worse than matched normal controls. Implications of results are restricted by small samples size, and the results may be subject to chance findings and need replication before firm conclusions can be drawn. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

Children treated with methylphenidate or methylphenidate combined with cognitive behaviour therapy were re‐assessed in adolescence 4.5 to 7.5 after end of treatment
Only 50% of the children diagnosed with ADHD still met ADHD criteria in adolescence
Children diagnosed with ADHD show age‐dependent decline of symptoms in adolescence, especially of hyperactivity/impulsivity, oppositional and conduct disorder symptoms
Adolescents diagnosed with ADHD in childhood fare significantly worse than matched controls on ADHD, oppositional symptoms and levels of parenting stress, but not on conduct disorder or substance abuse symptoms
Although interpretation of results is restricted by a small samples size, treatment with behavior therapy next to methylphenidate may not have additive effects on short-term outcome, but may cause long-term effects, i.e. less methylphenidate use in adolescence.
Automated sample area definition for high‐throughput microscopy
Authors: Zeder M. , Ellrott A. , Amann R. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractHigh‐throughput screening platforms based on epifluorescence microscopy are powerful tools in a variety of scientific fields. Although some applications are based on imaging geometrically defined samples such as microtiter plates, multiwell slides, or spotted gene arrays, others need to cope with inhomogeneously located samples on glass slides. The analysis of microbial communities in aquatic systems by sample filtration on membrane filters followed by multiple fluorescent staining, or the investigation of tissue sections are examples. Therefore, we developed a strategy for flexible and fast definition of sample locations by the acquisition of whole slide overview images and automated sample recognition by image analysis. Our approach was tested on different microscopes and the computer programs are freely available (http://www.technobiology.ch). © 2011 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
A novel flow cytometry‐based assay to study leukocyte–endothelial cell interactions in vitro
Authors: Kränkel Nicolle , Kuschnerus Kira , Madeddu Paolo , Lüscher Thomas F. , Landmesser Ulf 
Published: March 2011

AbstractInteractions between peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and the endothelium critically determine vascular repair and reparative angiogenesis, but also pathological processes, such as atherosclerosis. Current methodology to study these interactions mostly regards PBMC as a homogenous population or it restricts its focus on individual cell types and therefore does not appreciate the differential behavior of individual PBMC subpopulations, which synergize or antagonize each other to obtain the overall effect. We therefore developed a flow cytometry‐based in vitro assay to assess multiple parameters of interaction between several individual populations of PBMC and an endothelial monolayer. Freshly isolated, unlabelled human PBMC were left to adhere to or transmigrate through a monolayer of fluorescence‐labeled human aortic endothelial cells grown to confluence on the filter membrane of sterile transwell migration inserts. Monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) was applied as a chemoattractant to the lower compartment of the migration chamber. After 6 h, transmigrating PBMC were harvested from the lower compartment, while nonadherent and adhering cell populations were harvested from the upper compartment by sequential washing/detachment. All three cell fractions were then individually stained with fluorescence‐labeled monoclonal antibodies and analyzed by flow cytometry. Quantification was achieved by the usage of counting beads. Endothelial cells were separated from PBMC during the analysis by a multiparametric gating strategy. Using the newly established assay, we observed distinct migration patterns for inflammatory CD14hiCD16neg and resident CD16pos monocytes. These cell types differed in their basal adhesion and transmigration patterns as well as their responses to the CCR2 ligand MCP‐1. This assay allows for the parallel study of interactions between multiple individual leukocyte populations and an endothelial layer. Several readouts can be derived from the same experiment, like the composition of adhering and transmigrating cell fractions or the individual adhesion/migration behavior of several distinct cell types. © 2011 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Improved ZAP‐70 assay using two clones, multiple methods of analysis and clinical correlation
Authors: Degheidy Heba A. , Venzon David J. , Farooqui Mohammed Z. H. , Abbasi Fatima , Arthur Diane C. , Wilson Wyndham H. , Wiestner Adrian , Stetler‐Stevenson M. A. , Marti Gerald E. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIntroduction:In a companion methodological study, we compared two anti‐ZAP‐70 clones (1E7.2 AF 488 and SBZAP PE) and four selected methods of analysis. Clinical correlations are required for validation.Methods:Multicolor flow‐cytometric evaluation of ZAP‐70, CD38, CD69, CD26, CD49d, and CD27 was tested in 45 untreated‐CLL patients. Four methods of ZAP‐70 expression analysis and a scoring system were designed. A correlation analysis between ZAP‐70 score, immunoglobulin heavy chain variable (IGHV) mutational status, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and these biomarkers was undertaken.Results:There is a strong correlation between ZAP‐70 expression and IGHV mutational status. The scoring system for a single reagent (P = 0.0006 or 0.0002) favors the use of multiple methods of analysis. The combined score was substantially equivalent (P = 0.0003). There was also a correlation with del 13q14 (P = 0.017) and trisomy12 (P = 0.011). A correlation for CD38 and ZAP‐70 score was seen using both 1E7.2 AF488 and SBZAP PE when ≥20% or ≥7% cutoff was used. A positive correlation was seen for CD49d expression using both reagents. CD26 showed a correlation with ZAP‐70 expression, but it was dependent upon the method of analysis. CD69 and CD27 showed no statistically significant correlation.Conclusion:In our study population, ZAP‐70 expression is the better predictor of the IGHV mutational status. The correlation analysis confirms that the use of four methods of analysis with a single reagent or both reagents is superior to the use of a single method of analysis. The routine use of CD38, CD49d, and CD26 will require standardization. Published 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identity of the avian wing digits: Problems resolved and unsolved
Authors: Young Rebecca L. , Bever Gabe S. , Wang Zhe , Wagner Günter P. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractControversy over bird wing digit identity has been a touchstone for various ideas in the phylogeny of birds, homology, and developmental evolution. This review summarizes the past 10 years of progress toward understanding avian digit identity. We conclude that the sum of evidence supports the Frame Shift Hypothesis, indicating that the avian wing digits have changed anatomical location. Briefly, the derivation of birds from theropod dinosaurs and the positional identities of the avian wing digits as 2, 3, and 41 are no longer in question. Additionally, increasing evidence indicates that the developmental programs for identity of the wing digits are of digits I, II, and III. Therefore, the attention moves from whether the digit identity frame shift occurred, to what the mechanisms of the frame shift were, and when in evolution it happened. There is considerable uncertainty about these issues and we identify exciting new research directions to resolve them. Developmental Dynamics 240:1042–1053, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exogenous fibroblast growth factor 8 rescues development of mouse diastemal vestigial tooth ex vivo
Authors: Li Lu , Yuan Guohua , Liu Chao , Zhang Lu , Zhang Yanding , Chen YiPing , Chen Zhi 
Published: March 2011

AbstractRegression of vestigial tooth buds results in the formation of the toothless diastema, a unique feature of the mouse dentition. Revitalization of the diastemal vestigial tooth bud provides an excellent model for studying tooth regeneration and replacement. It has been previously shown that suppression of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling in the diastema results in vestigial tooth bud regression. In this study, we report that application of exogenous FGF8 to the mouse embryonic diastemal region rescues diastemal tooth development. However, this rescue of diastemal tooth development occurs only in an isolated diastemal regions and not in the mandibular quadrant, which includes the incisor and molar germs. FGF8 promotes cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis in diastemal tooth epithelium, and revitalizes the tooth developmental program, as evidenced by the expression of genes critical for normal tooth development. Our results also support the idea that the adjacent tooth germs contribute to the suppression of diastemal vestigial tooth buds by means of multiple signals. Developmental Dynamics 240:1344–1353, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The upside of an annual survey in light of involvement and use: Evaluating the Advanced Technological Education program
Authors: Toal Stacie A. , Gullickson Arlen R. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn 1999, the National Science Foundation (NSF) awarded funds to the Evaluation Center at Western Michigan University to conduct an external evaluation of the Advanced Technological Education (ATE) program. ATE, a federally mandated program designed to increase the number and quality of skilled technicians in the U.S. workforce, has funded over 346 projects and centers across the nation. This case study describes the relationship between project‐level involvement in the ATE program evaluation and the use and influence of the evaluation on project primary investigators and evaluators. Although this large, multisite program evaluation employed numerous evaluative data‐collection and dissemination techniques, project leaders and evaluators associated the program evaluation primarily with an annual Web‐based survey. The NSF's expectation that projects would complete the annual survey contributed to feelings of involvement and, in many cases, promoted use and impact. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
Documenting the impact of multisite evaluations on the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics field
Authors: Roseland Denise , Greenseid Lija O. , Volkov Boris B. , Lawrenz Frances 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis chapter discusses the impact that four multisite National Science Foundation (NSF) evaluations had on the broader field of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics education and evaluation. Three approaches were used to investigate the broader impact of these evaluations on the field: (a) a citation analysis, (b) an on‐line survey, and (c) surveys and follow‐up interviews with NSF project principal investigators (PIs). The results indicate that the four evaluations had at least some impact. In addition, they show that the four efforts had differential impact, generally related to the way each evaluation operated. Evaluations in operation for longer time periods produced more products with more types of dissemination. The most‐cited products tended to be instruments and tools. The field influence survey showed that, overall, few NSF PIs had any knowledge of influential evaluations, evaluation publications, or evaluators. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
Reflection on four multisite evaluation case studies
Authors: Brandon Paul R. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWhat do the findings of four National Science Foundation evaluation case studies suggest to an evaluation scholar who was not part of the research team that created them? This chapter carefully reviews the cases and summarizes their comparative findings. The four Beyond Use case studies add to the literature on levels of evaluation use, with the findings suggesting a level of involvement not surprising for multisite evaluations like these. Other results indicate that the levels of findings use were greater than the levels of stakeholder involvement reported and that a substantial portion of the use reported in the case studies was process use. Interpreting the reported relationships between stakeholder involvement and use must be done cautiously, but it remains true that showing a causal relationship between stakeholder participation in evaluation activities and the use of evaluation findings is as difficult in these case studies as it has been in most of the research on that relationship over the past 30 years. The chapter raises implications for both practice and research on multisite evaluations. © Wiley Periodicals Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
Toward better research on—and thinking about—evaluation influence, especially in multisite evaluations
Authors: Mark Melvin M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractEvaluation is typically carried out with the intention of making a difference in the understandings and actions of stakeholders and decision makers. The author provides a general review of the concepts of evaluation “use,” evaluation “influence,” and “influence pathways,” with connections to multisite evaluations. The study of evaluation influence and influence pathways is briefly discussed. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.