bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of narrowband ultraviolet B monotherapy versus combination therapy with systemic agents in patients with early‐stage mycosis fungoides and the association with plaque lesions
Authors: Qin Yao , Lin Yuwei , Chen Zhuojing , Zhang Qiuli , Li Yingyi , Wen Yujie , Tu Ping , Gao Pei , Wang Yang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveNarrowband ultraviolet B (NB‐UVB) has been recommended as first‐line therapy for early‐stage mycosis fungoides (MF) in international guidelines. NB‐UVB can be used as monotherapy or part of a multimodality treatment regimen. There is limited evidence on the effectiveness and optimal patients of NB‐UVB in combination with systemic therapies in MF. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of the combination versus NB‐UVB monotherapy in early‐stage MF and if plaque lesion status was related to these effects.MethodsThis observational cohort study included 247 early‐stage MF patients who had received NB‐UVB combined with systemic therapies vs. NB‐UVB monotherapy from 2009 to 2021. The primary outcome was partial or complete response. Overall response rate and median time to response were calculated. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated using the Cox model.ResultsIn 139 plaque‐stage patients, the response rate for combination therapy group was higher than that of monotherapy group (79.0% vs. 54.3%, p = 0.006). The adjusted HR for combination therapy compared with NB‐UVB monotherapy was 3.11 (95% CI 1.72–5.63). The combination therapy group also showed shorter time to response (4 vs. 6 months, p = 0.002). In 108 patch‐stage patients, the response rate and time to response in two treatment groups showed no significant difference. There was therefore an observed interaction with patients’ plaque lesion status for the effect size of NB‐UVB combination therapy. No serious adverse events were observed.ConclusionsAdding systemic treatments to NB‐UVB did not improve the treatment outcome of patch‐stage patients, but it surpassed NB‐UVB monotherapy for early‐stage patients with plaques.
What I think she thinks about my paralysed body: Social inferences about disability‐related content in anosognosia for hemiplegia
Authors: Besharati Sahba , Jenkinson Paul M. , Kopelman Michael , Solms Mark , Bulgarelli Cristina , Pacella Valentina , Moro Valentina , Fotopoulou Aikaterini 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe neuropsychological disorder of anosognosia for hemiplegia (AHP) can offer unique insights into the neurocognitive processes of body consciousness and representation. Previous studies have found associations between selective social cognition deficits and anosognosia. In this study, we examined how such social cognition deficits may directly interact with representations of one's body as disabled in AHP. We used a modified set of previously validated Theory of Mind (ToM) stories to create disability‐related content that was related to post‐stroke paralysis and to investigate differences between right hemisphere damage patients with (n = 19) and without (n = 19) AHP. We expected AHP patients to perform worse than controls when trying to infer paralysis‐related mental states in the paralysis‐related ToM stories and explored whether such differences depended on the inference patients were asked to perform (e.g. self or other referent perspective‐taking). Using an advanced structural neuroimaging technique, we expected selective social cognitive deficits to be associated with posterior parietal cortex lesions and deficits in self‐referent perspective‐taking in paralysis‐related mentalising to be associated with frontoparietal disconnections. Group‐ and individual‐level results revealed that AHP patients performed worse than HP controls when trying to infer paralysis‐related mental states. Exploratory lesion analysis results revealed some of the hypothesised lesions, but also unexpected white matter disconnections in the posterior body and splenium of the corpus collosum associated with a self‐referent perspective‐taking in paralysis‐related ToM stories. The study has implications for the multi‐layered nature of body awareness, including abstract, social perspectives and beliefs about the body.
Use of baby food products during the complementary feeding period: What factors drive parents' choice of products?
Authors: Hollinrake Grace , Komninou Sophia , Brown Amy 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIt is recommended that infants are introduced to complementary foods from 6 months old, moving from a solely milk diet to eating a family diet by 12 months old. Although home cooking of family foods is recommended, a rapidly growing market producing baby food products (BFP) such as jars, pouches and snacks has developed. These are often accompanied by marketing claims around nutritional, health and developmental impacts despite research highlighting high sugar content. Although numerous studies have explored drivers of infant formula choice and use, little research has examined the drivers of BFP use. This study used an online survey for United Kingdom parents of infants aged 4–12 months to explore use of BFP alongside perceptions and drivers to purchase products. Overall, 271 parents participated (173 used BFP and 98 did not), with a descriptive analysis of closed items and a thematic analysis for open ended text conducted. The top motivators for using BFP were convenience, time saving, and baby's perceived enjoyment of products. The most purchased puree was fruit based and the most purchased baby snacks were vegetable puffs/sticks, with snack purchases being more common than purees in this sample. Aspects such as perceived healthiness drove choice, with snack foods being seen to enhance self‐feeding skills, appetite regulation and motor development. Those who did not use BFP did not trust them and preferred to feed their baby home cooked foods. The findings are important for professionals working with parents, to support them through the transition to solid foods, particularly around raising awareness of marketing techniques and how to check content of foods to make a more informed choice.
Clinical sensemaking: Advancing a conceptual learning model of clinical reasoning
Authors: Koufidis Charilaos , Manninen Katri , Nieminen Juha , Wohlin Martin , Silén Charlotte 
Published: June 2024

AbstractContextMuch remains unanswered regarding how clinical reasoning is learned in the clinical environment. This study attempts to unravel how novice medical students learn to reason, by examining how they make sense of the clinical patient encounter.MethodThe current study was part of a greater research project employing constructivist grounded theory (CGT) to develop a learning model of clinical reasoning. Introducing the sensemaking perspective, as a sensitising concept, we conducted a second level analytic phase with CGT, to further advance our previously developed model. This involved re‐examining collected data from semi‐structured interviews, participant observations and field interviews of novice students during their early clinical clerkships.ResultsA learning model of how medical students make sense of the patient encounter emerged from the analysis. At its core lie three interdependent processes that co‐constitute the students' clinical sensemaking activity. Framing the situation is the process whereby students discern salient situational elements, place them into a meaningful relationship and integrate them into a clinical problem. Inquiring into the situation is the process whereby students gain further insight into the situation by determining which questions need to be asked. Lastly, taking meaningful action is the process whereby students carve out a pathway of action, appropriate for the circumstances. Tensions experienced during these processes impair clinical sensemaking.ConclusionsThe study provides an empirically informed learning model of clinical reasoning, during the early curricular stages. The model attempts to capture the complexity of medical practice, as students learn to recognise and respond to what constitutes the essence of a clinical situation. In this way, it contributes to a conceptual shift in how we think and talk about clinical reasoning. It introduces the concept of clinical sensemaking, as the act of carving a tangible clinical problem out of an often undetermined clinical situation and pursuing justified action.
Historic disturbance events overruled climatic factors as drivers of ruderal species distributions in the Scandinavian mountains
Authors: Wiegmans Dymphna , Larson Keith , Clavel Jan , Hostens Lore , Spreeuwers Jasmine , Pirée Amber , Nijs Ivan , Lembrechts Jonas J. 
Published: June 2024

The contemporary interaction of climate and disturbance drives vegetation composition and species distribution shifts, making their respective roles difficult to disentangle. This study describes the long‐term ruderal plant species distributions along the ‘Rallarvägen' in Abisko, subarctic Sweden. This trail currently serves as a hiking trail but was initially created as a construction road for a railroad from 1898 to 1903 and is paralleled by the E10 Highway since 1982.Using vegetation and climate data from 1903, 1913, 1983, and 2021, we found that warm‐adapted ruderal plant species were common along the Rallarvägen shortly after railroad construction in the early 20th century. Interestingly, many of these native and non‐native ruderals with relatively high temperature affinity that were present in 1903 and 1913 have since disappeared and have not reappeared, despite the substantial increase in regional temperature in recent decades.In addition, the historical disturbances have had long‐lasting effects on the current spatial distribution of the ruderal vegetation. Most ruderals still reside close to the railroad tracks and are progressively filtered out with increasing distance from anthropogenically disturbed introductory points, such as train stations, where they peak in species richness – a process we term ‘horizontal directional ecological filtering', in parallel to the established concept of ‘directional ecological filtering' along elevational gradients.The historical record of ruderal plant species in the region, influenced by a century‐old railroad construction, emphasizes the importance of knowing a system's disturbance history for understanding current vegetation dynamics and anticipating its future in a changing climate.
Nirsevimab immunization's real‐world effectiveness in preventing severe bronchiolitis: A test‐negative case–control study
Authors: Agüera Marta , Soler‐Garcia Aleix , Alejandre Carme , Moussalam‐Merino Sara , Sala‐Castellví Pere , Pons Gemma , Penela‐Sánchez Daniel , González‐Grado Carla , Alsina‐Rossell Judit , Climent Carme , Esteva Cristina , Fortuny Clàudia , de‐Sevilla Mariona‐F , García‐García Juan‐José , Brotons Pedro , Balaguer Albert , Estrada Josep , Jordan Iolanda , Muñoz‐Almagro Carmen , Launes Cristian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundSeveral clinical trials have shown that nirsevimab, an antibody targeting the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), reduces RSV bronchiolitis requiring admission. In 2023–2024, Catalonia and Andorra adopted immunization strategies for children <6 months and those born during the epidemic season. This study evaluates the effectiveness of nirsevimab in preventing hospitalizations from RSV bronchiolitis.MethodsIn the epidemic season of 2023–2024, a test‐negative case–control study was conducted in three hospitals from Catalonia and Andorra. Patients <12 months old admitted with bronchiolitis and tested for RSV using molecular microbiology tests were included.The effectiveness in preventing RSV bronchiolitis hospitalization and severe disease was estimated using multivariate models. Comparisons between immunized, non‐immunized, and non‐eligible patients were made in prospectively collected epidemiological, clinical, and microbiological variables.ResultsTwo hundred thirty‐four patients were included. RSV was detected in 141/234 (60.2%), being less common in the immunized group (37% vs 75%, p < .001). The rate of immunized patients among those eligible was 59.7%. The estimated effectiveness for RSV‐associated lower respiratory tract infection was 81.0% (95% confidence interval: 60.9–90.7), and for preventing severe disease (the need for NIV/CMV), 85.6% (41.7–96.4%). No significant differences by immunization status were observed in patients with RSV concerning viral coinfections, the need for NIV/CMV or length of hospital stay.ConclusionsThis study provides real‐world evidence of the effectiveness of nirsevimab in preventing RSV‐lower respiratory tract infection hospitalization and severe disease in infants during their first RSV season following a systematic immunization program. Immunized patients did not exhibit a higher rate of viral coinfections nor differences in clinical severity once admitted.
An auxin regulated Universal stress protein (TaUSP_3B‐1) interacts with TaGolS and provides tolerance under drought stress and ER stress
Authors: Singh Arunima , Singhal Chanchal , Sharma Arun Kumar , Khurana Paramjit 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA previously identified wheat drought stress responsive Universal stress protein, TaUSP_3B‐1 has been found to work in an auxin dependent manner in the plant root tissues in the differentiation zone. We also found a novel interacting partner, TaGolS, which physically interacts with TaUSP_3B‐1 and colocalizes in the endoplasmic reticulum. TaGolS is a key enzyme in the RFO (Raffinose oligosaccharides) biosynthesis which is well reported to provide tolerance under water deficit conditions. TaUSP_3B‐1 overexpression lines showed an early flowering phenotype under drought stress which might be attributed to the increased levels of AtTPPB and AtTPS transcripts under drought stress. Moreover, at the cellular levels ER stress induced TaUSP_3B‐1 transcription and provides tolerance in both adaptive and acute ER stress via less ROS accumulation in the overexpression lines. TaUSP_3B‐1 overexpression plants had increased silique numbers and a denser root architecture as compared to the WT plants under drought stress.
40 years of researching the Del phenotype results in a change of transfusion practice
Authors: Flegel Willy Albert , Srivastava Kshitij 
Published: June 2024

KEY IDEAS
Anti‐D cannot agglutinate red cells of any Del phenotype in routine serology.
Many individuals with East Asian ancestry who type D‐negative in serology harbor a Del phenotype.
Almost all such individuals carry one distinct DEL variant, dubbed Asian‐type DEL, known as RHD*01EL.01, RHD*DEL1, RHD:c.1227G>A, formerly known as RHD(K409K).
Clinical evidence strongly suggests that Asian‐type DEL individuals can safely be transfused with RhD‐positive blood and do not need anti‐D prophylaxis in pregnancy.
The Amount and Pattern of Reciprocal Compensations Predict Performance Stability in a Visually Guided Finger Force Production Task
Authors: Andrade Valéria , Carver Nicole S. , Grover Francis M. , Bonnette Scott , Silva Paula L. 
Published: June 2024

Previous work suggests that synergistic activity among motor elements implicated in force production tasks underlies enhanced performance stability associated with visual feedback. A hallmark of synergistic activity is reciprocal compensation, that is, covariation in the states of motor elements that stabilizes critical performance variables. The present study examined if characteristics of reciprocal compensation are indicators of individuals’ capacity to respond adaptively to variations in the resolution of visual feedback about criterion performance. Twenty healthy adults (19.25 ± 1.25 years; 15 females and five males) pressed two sensors with their index fingers to produce a total target force equivalent to 20% of their maximal voluntary contraction under nine conditions that differed in the spatial resolution of real-time feedback about their performance. By combining within-trial uncontrolled manifold and sample entropy analyses, we quantified the amount and degree of irregularity (i.e., non-repetitiveness) of reciprocal compensations over time. We found a U-shaped relationship between performance stability and gain. Importantly, this relationship was moderated by the degree of irregularity of reciprocal compensation. Lower irregularity in reciprocal compensation patterns was related to individuals’ capacity to maintain (or minimize losses in) performance under changes in feedback resolution. Results invite future investigation into how interindividual variations in reciprocal compensation patterns relate to differences in control strategies supporting adaptive responses in complex, visually guided motor tasks.
The zebrafish embryo model: unveiling its potential for investigating phage therapy against methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
infection
Authors: Plumet Lucile , Magnan Chloé , Ahmad-Mansour Nour , Sotto Albert , Lavigne Jean-Philippe , Costechareyre Denis , Kissa Karima , Molle Virginie 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Staphylococcus aureus
is a pathogenic bacterium responsible for a broad spectrum of infections, including cutaneous, respiratory, osteoarticular, and systemic infections. It poses a significant clinical challenge due to its ability to develop antibiotic resistance. This resistance limits therapeutic options, increases the risk of severe complications, and underscores the urgent need for new strategies to address this threat, including the investigation of treatments complementary to antibiotics. The evaluation of novel antimicrobial agents often employs animal models, with the zebrafish embryo model being particularly interesting for studying host-pathogen interactions, establishing itself as a crucial tool in this field. For the first time, this study presents a zebrafish embryo model for the
in vivo
assessment of bacteriophage efficacy against
S. aureus
infection. A localized infection was induced by microinjecting either methicillin-resistant
S. aureus
(MRSA) or methicillin-susceptible
S. aureus
(MSSA). Subsequent treatments involved administering either bacteriophage, vancomycin (the reference antibiotic for MRSA), or a combination of both via the same route to explore potential synergistic effects. Our findings indicate that the bacteriophage was as effective as vancomycin in enhancing survival rates, whether used alone or in combination. Moreover, bacteriophage treatment appears to be even more effective in reducing the bacterial load in
S. aureus
-infected embryos post-treatment than the antibiotic. Our study validates the use of the zebrafish embryo model and highlights its potential as a valuable tool in assessing bacteriophage efficacy treatments
in vivo
.
Occupational exposure to respirable crystalline silica and incident idiopathic interstitial pneumonias and pulmonary sarcoidosis: a national prospective follow-up study
Authors: Iversen Inge Brosbøl , Vestergaard Jesper Medom , Ohlander Johan , Peters Susan , Bendstrup Elisabeth , Bonde Jens Peter Ellekilde , Schlünssen Vivi , Bønløkke Jakob Hjort , Rasmussen Finn , Stokholm Zara Ann , Andersen Michael Brun , Kromhout Hans , Kolstad Henrik Albert 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundRespirable crystalline silica is a well-known cause of silicosis but may also be associated with other types of interstitial lung disease. We examined the associations between occupational exposure to respirable crystalline silica and the risk of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias, pulmonary sarcoidosis and silicosis.MethodsThe total Danish working population was followed 1977–2015. Annual individual exposure to respirable crystalline silica was estimated using a quantitative job exposure matrix. Cases were identified in the Danish National Patient Register. We conducted adjusted analyses of exposure–response relations between cumulative silica exposure and other exposure metrics and idiopathic interstitial pneumonias, pulmonary sarcoidosis and silicosis.ResultsMean cumulative exposure was 125 µg/m3-years among exposed workers. We observed increasing incidence rate ratios with increasing cumulative silica exposure for idiopathic interstitial pneumonias, pulmonary sarcoidosis and silicosis. For idiopathic interstitial pneumonias and pulmonary sarcoidosis, trends per 50 µg/m3-years were 1.03 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.03) and 1.06 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.07), respectively. For silicosis, we observed the well-known exposure–response relation with a trend per 50 µg/m3-years of 1.20 (95% CI 1.17 to 1.23).ConclusionThis study suggests that silica inhalation may be related to pulmonary sarcoidosis and idiopathic interstitial pneumonias, though these findings may to some extent be explained by diagnostic misclassification. The observed exposure–response relations for silicosis at lower cumulative exposure levels than previously reported need to be corroborated in analyses that address the limitations of this study.
PRKDC Induces Chemoresistance in Osteosarcoma by Recruiting GDE2 to Stabilize GNAS and Activate AKT
Authors: Zhang Wenchao , Li Wei , Yin Chi , Feng Chengyao , Liu Binfeng , Xu Haodong , Jin Xin , Tu Chao , Li Zhihong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractChemoresistance is one of the major causes of poor prognosis in osteosarcoma. Alternative therapeutic strategies for osteosarcoma are limited, indicating that increasing sensitivity to currently used chemotherapies could be an effective approach to improve patient outcomes. Using a kinome-wide CRISPR screen, we identified PRKDC as a critical determinant of doxorubicin (DOX) sensitivity in osteosarcoma. The analysis of clinical samples demonstrated that PRKDC was hyperactivated in osteosarcoma, and functional experiments showed that the loss of PRKDC significantly increased sensitivity of osteosarcoma to DOX. Mechanistically, PRKDC recruited and bound GDE2 to enhance the stability of protein GNAS. The elevated GNAS protein levels subsequently activated AKT phosphorylation and conferred resistance to DOX. The PRKDC inhibitor AZD7648 and DOX synergized and strongly suppressed the growth of osteosarcoma in mouse xenograft models and human organoids. In conclusion, the PRKDC-GDE2-GNAS-AKT regulatory axis suppresses DOX sensitivity and comprises targetable candidates for improving the efficacy of chemotherapy in osteosarcoma.Significance: Targeting PRKDC suppresses AKT activation and increases sensitivity to doxorubicin in osteosarcoma, which provides a therapeutic strategy for overcoming chemoresistance.