bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between certain blood constituents in cows with milk fever and the response following treatment with calcium borogluconate solutions
Authors: Fenwick DC 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYThe association between the concentrations of various blood constituents and the responses of cows with milk fever following calcium borogluconate therapy was determined using analysis of variance. In cows which had not received herdsman treatment prior to sampling (n = 63), plasma potassium was the only constituent with a significant effect (p<0.01), the mean concentrations for cows classified as unassisted, assisted, or delayed, recoveries, and deaths ranging down from 4.3 to 2.8 mmol/l, respectively. In cows which had received treatment prior to sampling (n=55) those making unassisted recoveries had significantly lower mean concentrations of serum total calcium than those making assisted recoveries (1.3v1.9 mmol/l, respectively, p<0.05), and cows making delayed recoveries had significantly lower mean plasma inorganic phosphate concentrations (0.3 mmol/l) than those making unassisted and assisted recoveries (both 0.7 mmol/l, p<0.05) and those subsequently dying (1.2 mmol/l, p<0.01). Response was not dependent on plasma potassium concentrations in the treated group of cows, and plasma sodium, serum magnesium, and erythrocyte sodium concentrations were not significant in either group of cows.
Use of Palm computer as an adjunct to cognitive–behavioural therapy with an ultra‐high‐risk patient: a case report
Authors: Kimhy David , Corcoran Cheryl 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAim: Recently, attempts have been made to develop cognitive‐behaviour therapy (CBT) treatment models to target negative symptoms in individuals with schizophrenia, as well as individuals at ultra‐high risk (UHR) for psychosis. Successful CBT treatment is founded on active patient participation including completion of homework assignments such as daily logs of activities and experiences. However, these very negative symptoms may themselves hinder the rate of homework assignment completion. We describe a case report of using experience sampling method with a Palm computer as an adjunct to CBT with a female patient at UHR status with predominantly negative symptoms. Our aim was to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of this methodology to improve homework completion and overcome treatment barriers associated with negative symptoms.Methods: Over the course of treatment, the patient was provided with a Palm computer to carry with her throughout her daily activities. The Palm computer was pre‐programmed to beep randomly 10 times per day (10 a.m.–12 a.m.) over each three‐day assessment period to elicit information on daily functioning.Results: The use of the Palm computer was acceptable to the patient and resulted in a substantial increase in homework completion. This methodology resulted in rich information about the patients' daily functioning and patterns of improvement during treatment. The experience sampling method data were also successfully used in the application of treatment interventions.Conclusion: The findings support the feasibility and effectiveness of using Palm computers as adjunct to CBT with UHR individuals with predominantly negative symptoms. The implications for treatment and future research directions are discussed.
Gene‐drive into insect populations with age and spatial structure: a theoretical assessment
Authors: Huang Yunxin , Lloyd Alun L. , Legros Mathieu , Gould Fred 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe potential benefits and risks of genetically engineered gene‐drive systems for replacing wild pest strains with more benign strains must be assessed prior to any field releases. We develop a computer simulation model to assess the feasibility of using engineered underdominance constructs to drive transgenes into age‐ and spatially structured mosquito populations. Our practical criterion for success is the achievement of a transgene frequency of at least 0.80 within 3 years of release. The impacts of a number of parameters that may affect the success of gene‐drive, such as the release area, release age, density‐dependent larval survival, fitness cost of the engineered genes, and migration probability of adults, are examined. Results show that patchy release generally requires the release of fewer engineered insects to achieve success than central release. When the fitness cost is very low, central release covering 25% of the total area can be more effective than a completely uniform release over the whole area. This study demonstrates that to determine the best method of spatial release, and the total number of engineered insects that must be released, it is important to take into account the age and sex of the released insects and spatial structure of the population.
Shear Wave Anisotropy of the Upper Mantle Beneath the Region from Tingri of Tibet to Golmud of Qinghai
Authors: Danian Shi , Yingjun Dong , Mei Jiang , Hong Zhao , Poupinet Georges , Hirn Alfred , Nercessian Alexandre 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMeasurements of shear wave splitting at 43 three–component seismic stations show very big difference in anisotropy on both sides of the Indus–Yarlung Zangbo suture (ITS), but little difference on both sides of the older Bangong–Nujiang suture (BNS) and the Jinsha River suture (JS) to its north. Obvious discrepancy exists between the anisotropy direction and the superficial tectonic trends, which is not explicable directly by the coherent upper mantle deformation usually supposed to occur in consistency with the trend of a collisional belt. On the other hand, strong spatial relationships are observed from the anisotropy results, such as the orthogonal directions of anisotropy on both sides of ITS and the good correlation between the region of larger magnitude of anisotropy and the zone of inefficient Sn propagation of Qiangtang as well as the systematic rotation of the directions of anisotropy, which should testify some much more complicated aspects of the continental convergence mechanism To the best of our data, we tend to suppose that the Qinghai—Tibet plateau might result from a mechanism complicated by the coexistence of Argand's underthrusting and Dewey's diffuse deformation.
New Quaternary Mammalian Faunas and Cave Deposits in the Zhoukoudian Area, Beijing
Authors: Jie Cheng , Mingzhong Tian , Boxun Cao , Zhizhong Zhao 
Published: September 2010

AbstractFrom 1985 to 1987, four new localities with abundant fossil mammals were discovered by Cao, Tian and others in the Zhoukoudian (Choukoutien) area, Beijing. They are the East, West, Shangdian and Donglingzi caves. The East Cave fauna consists of 28 speices of mammals and its age is middle Early Pleistocene. The East Cave assemblage shows that a temperature–falling event took place at around 1.20 Ma B.P. at Zhoukoudian. Sixteen species of mammals were collected from the West Cave, which are mainly forms of late Early Pleistocene age. The West Cave fauna represents a transitional fauna from the East Cave fauna (dry–cold) to the fauna (warm) at locality 9. The Shangdian Cave fauna is composed of four forms, being Middle Pleistocene in age. The Donglingzi Cave fauna contains 21 Late Pleistocene forms. In the cave two fossil horizons may be distinguished. The age of the lower horizon is early Late Pleistocene, which is equivalent to that of the New Cave fauna; while the fauna of the upper horizon may be correlated with the Upper Cave fauna.
The Missing Time Calculation of the Hiatus Surface: A Case Study of the Upper Permian Reef Section the Platform Margin, Ziyun, Guizhou
Authors: Yaoqi Zhou , Yongchao Lu , Sitian Li , Hongzhen Wang 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTaken as an example the Upper Permian reef section on the carbonate platform margin at Ziyun, Guizhou, the paper discusses the missing time of a hiatus surface, an important problem in chemical sequence stratigraphy, with the concept of cosmic chemistry. Then the paper proposes a series of new concepts for chemical sequence stratigraphy, including the condensation surface, relative compaction factor and time missing factor. Finally a quantitative curve of Late Permian relative sea–level change in the Ziyun area is presented with time coordinates.
Carbon and Strontium Isotopes of Late Palaeozoic Marine Carbonates in the Upper Yangtze Platform, Southwest China
Authors: Sijing Huang , Shaohua Zhou 
Published: September 2010

Abstract238 marine carbonate samples were collected from seven sedimentary sections of the entire late Palaeozoic (Permian, Carboniferous and Devonian) in the Upper Yangtze Platform, southwest China. Based on the absence of cathodoluminescence and very low Mn (generally < 50 ppm) contents of the samples, it is thought that they contain information on the original sea water geochemistry. The results of isotopic analyses of these samples are presented in terms of δ13C and 87Sr/86Sr ratios versus geological time. The strontium data, consistent with other similar data based on samples from North America, Europe, Africa and other areas in Asia, support the notion of a global consistency in strontium isotope composition of marine carbonates. The strontium data exhibit three intervals of relatively low 87Sr/86Sr ratios in the late Middle Devonian to early Late Devonian, Early Carboniferous and Early Permian, corresponding to global eustatic high sea level stands. The lowest 87Sr/86Sr ratio recorded in the Late Permian was probably caused by substantial basalt eruptions in the Upper Yangtze Platform at the time. Three corresponding periods of relatively high δ13C values at roughly the same time intervals were caused by a relatively high rate of accumulation of organic carbon during sea level rises at these times. The deposition of coal was probably responsible for the increase of sea water δ13C at other times. The δ13C values drop dramatically near the Devonian/Carboniferous, Carboniferous/Permian and Permian/Triassic boundaries, consistent with other similar data, which further support the notion that geological time boundaries are associated with mass extinction and subsequent rejuvenation.
Devonian Sea–Level Change Rhythms in South China and Coupling Relationships Among the Earth–spheres
Authors: Yiming Gong , Yi Wu , Yuansheng Du , Qinglai Feng , Benpei Liu 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTwenty orthosequences and their corresponding sea–level change (SLC) cycles have been recognized in the Devonian overlying the Caledonian unconformity, of which 9, 5.5 and 5.5 occurred in the Lower, Middle and Upper Devonian respectively. They can be grouped into 4 orthosequence sets, in which the maximum flooding surfaces lie in the sulcutus Zone (D12), perbonus Zone (D13), Middle and Upper varcus Zone (D32) and gigas Zone (D21) respectively. Four instant palaeogeographical reconstructions of South China have been made in the Emsian and Givetian. Devonian sea–level change rhythms of South China can be divided into 3 categories: the autorhythmic, the worldwide and regional allorhythmic, and the coupling–rhythmic. They developed respectively in the Famennian, Pragian, Eifelian, Lochkovian, Emsian, Givetian, Frasnian and the F/F (between the Frasnian and Famennian) event. The cause of the worldwide allorhythmic SLC of the Pragian and Eifelian under comparatively dry, warm and tranquil conditions may be related to the pulsating expanding and contracting of the oceanic basin volume or the earth volume pulsation, rather than the common glaciation and plate tectonism. The coupling–rhythmic SLC related to the F/F event is a sensitive indicator of the interaction between terrestrial and extraterrestrial factors, and coordinated action among the earth–spheres.
Geological Characteristics and Manifestations of Geological Processes of Sequence Boundaries and Their Vicinities
Authors: Linping Xiao , Yuguang Zhao 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper discusses the geological characteristics and architectures of sequence boundaries and their vicinities and has proposed a classification scheme for the sequence boundaries, which can thus be grouped into three types and eight categories: type I includes exposed truncated surface, palaeosol surface, palaeokarst surface and exposed surface; type II boundaries include structural transitional surface during sea–level fall and transgressive onlap surface; and type III includes submarine erosional diagenetic diastem and event surface. A study has been made for the three major boundaries lying between the Permian and pre–Permian, the Permian and Triassic, and the Middle and Lower Triassic respectively in terms of multiple disciplines such as lithostratigraphy, biostratigraphy, magnetostratigraphy and carbon and oxygen isotopic geology. These three boundaries are ascribed to type I, type II and type III, respectively.
Qinling Faunal Region—The Third Ordovician Faunal Region: International Correlation
Authors: Fang PEI 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe Ordovician conodont faunal provinces were previously divided into the Midcontinent and Atlantic Faunal Regions situated respectively in low and high latitudes, where warm‐ and cold‐water type conodont faunas flourished respectively. According to the international correlation this paper proposes the third Ordovician conodont faunal region—Qinling Faunal Region, in which cold‐water conodont faunas were well developed in the Early to middle Middle Ordovician and warm‐water conodont faunas were well developed in the late Middle and Late Ordovician, indicating that the Qinling Region was situated in high latitudes earlier and in low latitudes later. The origin was only due to plate movement. In the Qinling Region the time interval of the change of the conodont fauna from the cold‐ to warm‐water type was 4 Ma (from 474 to 470 Ma), during which the fauna geographically spanned 40° of latitudes, with a movement velocity of nearly 1.12 m/a, indicating that the high‐latitude plates were divorced and reduced in the late Middle Ordovician, while the low‐latitude plates were converged and accreted. According to the features of the conodont faunas, the Qinling Faunal Region can be divided into the North Tarim, Wudang, Scandic and Pingliang provinces.
Trachytic Rock and Associated Fenitization in the Bayan Obo Ore Deposit, Inner Mongolia, China: Evidence for Magmatic‐Hydrothermal Mineralization Related to a Carbonatitic Complex
Authors: Zhongxin YUAN , Ge BAI , Zongqing ZHANG 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTrachytic rock and its altered rock—fenite—in the Bayan Obo ore district, Inner Mongolia, China, were referred to as slate or feldspar rock before, and identified by the authors for the first time (in 1992). In the paper the mineral assemblages, structures and textures and petrochemical compositions of the rocks, as well as the electron microprobe analysis of feldspars in the rocks are described. The Sm‐Nd isochron age of the trachytic rock is 1096 ± 56 Ma, with INd=0.51100±4 (2 s̀) and ɛNd(t)= −4.4 ± 0.7. Alterations of the trachytic rock, including microclinization, riebeckitization, aegirinization and biotitization, and accompanied rare element and REE mineralizations are discussed. Based on the occurrence of the trachytic rock and associated fenitization it is deduced that the Bayan Obo Fe‐Nb‐REE ore deposit is genetically related to magmatic‐hydrothermal activity of an alkali carbonatite complex.
Micro‐area Chemical Composition and Preserved P‐T Evolution Trace of Phengite in Albite Gneiss from the Donghai Ultrahigh‐Pressure Metamorphic Area, East China
Authors: Fulai LIU , Zeming ZHANG , Zhiqin XU , Jingsui YANG , Huifen XU 
Published: September 2010

AbstractStudy of micro‐area chemical compositions indicates that phengite in albite gneiss from hole ZK2304 of the Donghai region has evident compositional zoning. SiO2 and tetrahedrally coordinated Si contents decrease, and Al2O3, AlIVand AlVIcontents increase gradually from core to rim. However, K2O, MgO and FeO contents basically remain unchanged from core to rim. According to P‐T estimates obtained from geothermometers and barometers, combined with previous experimental data, the core belt (micro‐area I) of phengite was formed at T=637–672°C and P=1.55–1.73 GPa, and the transitional belt (micro‐area II) of the phengite were formed at T=594–654°C and P=1.35–1.45 GPa. Towards the rim belt (micro‐area III), the temperature decreased slightly, but the pressure decreased rapidly with T=542–630°C and P=1.12–1.19 GPa. The P‐T evolution path recorded by the compositional zoning of phengite is characterized by significant near‐isothermal decompression, revealing that the gneiss has undergone high‐pressure‐ultrahigh‐pressure metamorphism. The compositional zoning of the phengite in the albite gneiss may have formed in the geodynamic process of rapid exhumation in the Sulu ultrahigh‐pressure metamorphic belt.
Geological Features of the Eastern Sector of the Bangong Co‐Nujiang River Suture Zone: Tethyan Evolution
Authors: Jianping WANG 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAccording to an analysis of the geological features in the eastern sector of the Bangong Co‐Nujiang River suture zone, the Tethyan evolution can be divided into three stages. (1) The Embryo‐Tethyan stage (Pz1): An immature volcanic arc developed in Taniantaweng (Tanen Taunggyi) Range, indicating the existence of an Embryo‐Tethyan ocean. (2) The Palaeo‐Tethyan stage (C‐T2: During the Carboniferous the northern side of the Taniantaweng Range was the main domain of the Palaeo‐Tethyan ocean, in which developed flysch sediments intercalated with bimodal volcanic rocks and oceanic tholeiite, and Pemian‐Early Triassic are granites were superimposed on the Taniantaweng magmatic are; on the southern side the Dêngqên‐Nujiang zone started secondary extension during the Carboniferous, in which the Nujiang ophiolite developed, and the Palaeo‐Tethyan ocean closed before the Middle Triassic. (3) The Neo‐Tethyan stage (T3‐E): During the Late Triassic the Dêngqên zone developed into a relatively matural ocean basin, in which the Dêngqên ophiolite was formed. By the end of the Triassic intraocean subduction occurred, and the ocean domain was reduced gradually, and collided and closed by the end of the Early Jurassic, forming the Yazong mélange; then the Tethyan ocean was completely closed.
Evidence of the Pan‐Lake Stage in the Period of 40–28 ka B.P. on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau
Authors: Mianping ZHENG , Yifeng MENG , Lejun Wei 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe Qinghai‐Tibet plateau is one of major saline lake regions in China, where saline lakes are widespread and constitute an important object of researches on the palaeoclimatic change in the region. On the basis of comprehensive investigations of the evolution of the lake's surface and sediments on the plateau, the authors have further demonstrated the existence of a pan‐lake stage (river and lake flooding stage) on the Qinghai‐Tibet plateau during the period of about 40+‐28 ka B.P. and analyzed the palaeoclimatic characteristics of the pan‐lake period and relationships between the ancient monsoons and the uplift of the plateau since the beginning of the Quaternary.
Tree‐Ring Carbon Isotopic Constraints on Carbon‐Water Exchanges between Atmosphere and Biosphere in Drought Regions in Northwestern China
Authors: Shilu WANG , Guojiang WAN 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe comparison between the carbon isotope and the index of ring width of a pine disc from the Tuomuer Peak region in Xinjiang shows that the effects of climate changes on the tree‐ring growth and carbon isotopic fractionation varies with time. The reason is probably relative to the characters of climate changes and adaptability of the tree‐ring growth to climate changes. The relationships between the atmospheric CO2 level and the revised δ13Cair by the tree‐ring carbon isotope indicate that the carbon cycle is not in a steady state, but under a stage‐change condition in this area. It also can be concluded that the ratio of CO2 from the terrestrial eco‐system has increased, and the flux of CO2 exchange between the atmosphere and the biosphere was gradually increasing over the past century. In addition, the results also confirm the validity and superiority of the carbon isotope to the research of the water‐use efficiency.
Engineering Geological Study of the Active Tectonic Region for Hydropower Development on the Jinsha River, Upstream of the Yangtze River
Authors: Sijing WANG , Guohe LI , Qiang ZHANG , Chaoli LAN 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe Jinsha River runs across the Hengduanshan north‐south tectonic zone where neotectonism was relatively strong, accompanied by various geologic hazards. In this case, it seems necessary to make a quantitative assessment and grading of the engineering geological environment for the planning and development of hydropower projects on the Jinsha River.The studies of crustal structures and activities of neotectonic fault blocks provide a three‐dimensional geomechanics model for us to make an assessment of the engineering geological environment. Based on the survey data and results from geologic hazard risk analysis, a hierarchical analysis model on the quality of the engineering geological environment is established with respect to the crustal stability, ground stability, and rock and soil mass stability. Nine factors relevant to the geological environment are selected and five levels are used for the quality grades: very bad, bad, mediocre, good, very good. The result indicates that active deep faults have an influence on the engineering geological environment of the Jinshajiang region.Finally, the authors present a preliminary evaluation on the constructional suitability of each planned site in the middle and lower reaches of the Jinsha River.
Experiment of Coal Leaching and Study of the Separation of Trace Elements
Authors: Guijian LIU 
Published: September 2010

AbstractLeaching is an important way of separation of trace elements from coal. Based on leaching experiments, the content of trace elements separated out from coal is related to their existing state and content in coal, the duration of leaching process, temperature of leaching liquor and its acidity and basicity. The higher the temperature of leaching liquor and the longer the leaching time, the higher the contents of separated trace elements will be. In the course of leaching, the pH values of leaching liquors change and different trace elements are affected differently by the pH values.
Application of Seismic Anisotropy Caused by Fissures in Coal Seams to the Detection of Coal‐bed Methane Reservoirs
Authors: Mei LIU , Jingwei GOU , Guangming YU , Jiandong LIN 
Published: September 2010

AbstractCoal‐bed methane is accumulated in micro‐fissures and cracks in coal seams. The coal seam is the source terrace and reservoir bed of the coal‐bed methane (Qian et al., 1996). Anisotropy of coal seams is caused by the existence of fissures. Based on the theory of S wave splitting: an S wave will be divided into two S waves with nearly orthogonal polarization directions when passing through anisotropic media, i.e. the fast S wave with its direction of propagation parallel to that of the fissure and slow S wave with the direction of propagation perpendicular to that of the fissure.This paper gives the results of laboratory research and field test on the S wave splitting caused by coal‐seam fissures. The results show that it is feasible to detect fissures in coal seams by applying the converted S wave and finally gives the development zone and development direction of these fissures.