bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fishers' ecological knowledge points to fishing‐induced changes in the Peruvian Amazon
Authors: Poissant David , Coomes Oliver T. , Robinson Brian E. , Vargas Dávila Gladys 
Published: June 2024

AbstractScientists increasingly draw on fishers' ecological knowledge (FEK) to gain a better understanding of fish biology and ecology, and inform options for fisheries management. We report on a study of FEK among fishers along the Lower Ucayali River in Peru, a region of exceptional productivity and diversity, which is also a major supplier of fish to the largest city in the Peruvian Amazon. Given a lack of available scientific information on stock status, we sought to identify temporal changes in the composition and size of exploited species by interviewing fishers from 18 communities who vary in years of fishing experience since the mid‐1950s. We develop four FEK‐based indicators to assess changes in the fish assemblage and compare findings with landings data. We find an intensification of fishing gear deployed over time and spatiotemporal shifts in the fish assemblage and reported declines in species weight, which point to a fishing‐down process with declines across multiple species. This finding is reflected in a shifting baseline among our participants, whereby younger generations of fishers have different expectations regarding the distribution and size of species. Our study points to the importance of spillover effects from the nearby Pacaya‐Samira National Reserve and community initiatives to support the regional fishery. Reference to fishers' knowledge also suggests that species decline is likely underreported in aggregated landings data. Despite the dynamism and diversity of Amazonian floodplain fisheries, simple FEK‐based indicators can provide useful information for understanding fishing‐induced changes in the fish assemblage. Fishers hold valuable knowledge for fishery management and conservation initiatives in the region.
Factors limiting the potential range expansion of lodgepole pine in Interior Alaska
Authors: Walker Xanthe J. , Hart Sarah , Hansen Winslow D. , Jean Mélanie , Brown Carissa D. , Stuart Chapin F. , Hewitt Rebecca , Hollingsworth Teresa N. , Mack Michelle C. , Johnstone Jill F. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the factors influencing species range limits is increasingly crucial in anticipating migrations due to human‐caused climate change. In the boreal biome, ongoing climate change and the associated increases in the rate, size, and severity of disturbances may alter the distributions of boreal tree species. Notably, Interior Alaska lacks native pine, a biogeographical anomaly that carries implications for ecosystem structure and function. The current range of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) in the adjacent Yukon Territory may expand into Interior Alaska, particularly with human assistance. Evaluating the potential for pine expansion in Alaska requires testing constraints on range limits such as dispersal limitations, environmental tolerance limits, and positive or negative biotic interactions. In this study, we used field experiments with pine seeds and transplanted seedlings, complemented by model simulations, to assess the abiotic and biotic factors influencing lodgepole pine seedling establishment and growth after fire in Interior Alaska. We found that pine could successfully recruit, survive, grow, and reproduce across our broadly distributed network of experimental sites. Our results show that both mammalian herbivory and competition from native tree species are unlikely to constrain pine growth and that environmental conditions commonly found in Interior Alaska fall well within the tolerance limits for pine. If dispersal constraints are released, lodgepole pine could have a geographically expansive range in Alaska, and once established, its growth is sufficient to support pine‐dominated stands. Given the impacts of lodgepole pine on ecosystem processes such as increases in timber production, carbon sequestration, landscape flammability, and reduced forage quality, natural or human‐assisted migration of this species is likely to substantially alter responses of Alaskan forest ecosystems to climate change.
Pressure‐dimension index and left ventricular sphericity index following HeartMate II and HeartMate 3 implantation
Authors: Schnoering Luisa , Khattab Mohammad Amen , Akhyari Payam , Moza Ajay , Haneya Assad , Diab Abdel Hannan , Abugameh Ahmad , Lotfi Shahram , Zayat Rashad 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to compare the changes in the left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle (RV) geometry and performance after the implantation of HeartMate II (HMII) and HeartMate 3 (HM3). In addition, we investigated whether the echocardiographic parameters LV sphericity index (LVSI) and the novel pressure‐dimension index (PDI) can predict post‐operative right ventricular failure (RVF).Methods and resultsBetween 2012 and 2020, 46 patients [HMII (n = 22) and HM3 (n = 24)] met the study's criteria and had echocardiography tests pre‐operatively, 6 and 12 months post‐operatively. The LVSI and PDI were calculated together with the standard LV and RV echocardiographic parameters. The mean follow‐up was 24 ± 7 months. In both groups, the LV end‐diastolic diameter (LVEDD) significantly decreased 12 months post‐operatively compared with the pre‐operative values (HMII: 6.4 ± 1.4 cm vs. 5.7 ± 0.9 cm, P = 0.040; HM3: 6.7 ± 1.3 cm vs. 5.5 ± 0.9 cm, P < 0.01, respectively). RV function 12 months post‐operatively was better in the HM3 group than in the HMII group, as indicated by a significantly higher RV fractional area change (RVFAC) in the HM3 group than in the HMII group 12 months post‐operatively (35 ± 12% vs. 26 ± 16%, P = 0.039), significantly higher tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) in the HM3 group 12 months post‐operatively compared with the HMII group (13.9 ± 1.9 mm vs. 12.0 ± 2.1 mm, P = 0.002), and the tissue Doppler estimated tricuspid annular systolic velocity (TASV) was also significantly higher in the HM3 group 12 months post‐operatively compared with the HMII group (11.5 ± 2.7 mm/s vs. 9.9 ± 1.5 mm/s, P = 0.020). The LVSI value was significantly higher 12 months post‐operatively in the HMII group than in the HM3 group (1.2 ± 0.4 vs. 0.8 ± 0.2, P = 0.001, respectively), indicating worse geometric changes. The PDI decreased 12 months post‐operatively in the HM3‐group compared with the baseline (3.4 ± 1.4 mmHg/cm2 vs. 2.0 ± 0.8 mmHg/cm2, P < 0.001). In the univariate and multivariate analyses, only the pre‐operative PDI was a predictor of post‐operative RVF [odds ratio: 3.84 (95% CI: 1.53–18.16, P = 0.022)]. The area under the curve for pre‐operative PDI was 0.912. The 2 year survival was significantly better in the HM3 group (log‐rank, P = 0.042).ConclusionsThe design of HM3 offered better geometrical preservation of the LV and enabled normal PDI values, leading to improved RV function, as indicated by better RVFAC, TAPSE, and TASV values. The use of pre‐operative PDI as an additional tool for established risk scores might offer a better pre‐operative predictor of RVF.
The Dead Unborn, Postmortem Privacy Cases, and Abortion Rights
Authors: Allen Anita L. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe privacy of the dead is an interesting area of concern for bioethicists. There is a legal doctrine that the dead can't have privacy rights, but also a body of contrary law ascribing privacy rights to the deceased and kin in relation to the deceased. As women's abortion privacy is under assault by American courts and legislatures, the implications of ascribing privacy rights to embryos and fetuses is more important than ever. Caution is called for in this domain.
Beneath the Sword of Damocles: Moral Obligations of Physicians in a Post‐Dobbs Landscape
Authors: Lyerly Anne Drapkin , Faden Ruth R. , Mello Michelle M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSince the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Dobbs vs. Jackson Women's Health Organization, a growing web of state laws restricts access to abortion. Here we consider how, ethically, doctors should respond when terminating a pregnancy is clinically indicated but state law imposes restrictions on doing so. We offer a typology of cases in which the dilemma emerges and a brief sketch of the current state of legal prohibitions against providing such care. We examine the issue from the standpoints of conscience, professional ethics, and civil disobedience and conclude that it is almost always morally permissible and praiseworthy to break the law and that, in a subset of cases, it is morally obligatory to do so. We further argue that health care institutions that employ or credential physicians to provide reproductive health care have an ethical duty to provide a basic suite of practical supports for them as they work to ethically resolve the dilemmas before them.
Troubling Trends in Health Misinformation Related to Gender‐Affirming Care
Authors: Shuster Stef M. , McNamara Meredithe 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAmidst the misinformation climate about trans people and their health care that dominates policy and social discourse, autonomy‐based rationales for gender‐affirming care for trans and nonbinary youth are being called into question. In this commentary, which responds to “What Is the Aim of Pediatric ‘Gender‐Affirming’ Care?,” by Moti Gorin, we contextualize the virulent ideas circulating in misinformation campaigns that have become weaponized for unprecedented legal interference into standard health care. We conclude that the current legal justifications for upending gender‐affirming care gloss over how this health care field meets conventional evidentiary standards and aligns protocols with most other fields of medicine. Refusal to offer gender‐affirming care is more harmful than centralizing trans and nonbinary people's health autonomy.
Values and Evidence in Gender‐Affirming Care
Authors: Keyes Os , Dietz Elizabeth A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis commentary responds to the article “What Is the Aim of Pediatric ‘Gender‐Affirming’ Care?,” by Moti Gorin, in the same issue of the journal. Gender‐affirming care is often treated as exceptional and subject to heightened scrutiny. This exceptionalization results in its being held to stricter evidentiary standards than other forms of medical interventions are. But values and value judgments are inextricable from the practice of evidence‐based medicine. For gender‐affirming care, values shape what counts as “strong” evidence, whether the legitimacy of transgender identity is assumed versus treated as something to be investigated, how to characterize the testimonial accounts of trans and gender‐nonconforming patients, and more. We argue that these kinds of questions are part of the practice of medicine, not exceptional to transgender people and gender‐affirming care. However, litigation of evidence for gender‐affirming care in state and national policy underscores the moral urgency of thinking carefully about what values ought to guide evidence.
Nancy S. Jecker, Zohar Lederman, and Anita Ho reply
Authors: Jecker Nancy S. , Lederman Zohar , Ho Anita 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis letter replies to the letter “Colonial and Neocolonial Barriers to Companion Digital Humans in Africa,” by Luís Cordeiro‐Rodrigues, in the same, May‐June 2024, issue of the Hastings Center Report.
Minors Lack the Autonomy to Consent to Gender‐Affirming Care: Best Interests Must Be Primary
Authors: Bester Johan C. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWhat ethically justifies the provision of invasive and irreversible treatments to minors? In this commentary, I examine this question in response to Moti Gorin's article “What Is the Aim of Pediatric ‘Gender‐Affirming’ Care?,” which critiques autonomy‐based arguments for justification of gender‐affirming care in minors. Minors generally lack sufficient autonomy to make significant medical decisions or major life decisions. For this reason, parents are generally their decision‐makers, working with medical professionals to choose treatments that serve the best interests of the minor. Medical care in minors is justified by beneficence, not autonomy, and this should be no different for gender‐affirming care. This severely undermines autonomy‐based arguments for provision of gender‐affirming care to minors. Given the lack of conclusive evidence for benefit, the nature of the treatment, and the fact that gender dysphoria in minors resolves spontaneously in most cases, there is presently insufficient justification for provision of such care to minors.
The role of upfront neck dissection in definitive radiotherapy for locally advanced hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: A single‐center retrospective analysis
Authors: Katano Atsuto , Yamashita Hideomi , Saito Yuki , Kobayashi Kenya 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundHypopharyngeal cancer, constituting 3%–5% of head and neck cancers, predominantly presents as squamous cell carcinoma, with a 5‐year overall survival rate of approximately 40%. Treatment modalities for locally advanced cases include chemoradiotherapy; however, the role of upfront neck dissection (UND) remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the effect of UND on definitive radiotherapy in locally advanced hypopharyngeal carcinoma.MethodsThis retrospective analysis included consecutive patients with locally advanced hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma who were treated in our department between January 2007 and June 2023. All patients underwent definitive radiotherapy (dRT) at a total dose of 70 Gy in 35 fractions. The patients were categorized into two groups: dRT (radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy) and UND‐dRT (surgical neck dissection followed by radiotherapy). Univariate Cox models and multivariate analyses were conducted to investigate the independent prognostic factors for overall survival and locoregional control rate.ResultsThis study included 115 patients, predominantly male (109/115), with a median age of 66 years. Clinical stage and chemotherapy distribution differed significantly between the dRT and UND‐dRT groups. The 3‐year overall survival and locoregional control rates for all patients were 63.8% and was 63.3%, respectively. The UND‐dRT group exhibited a trend toward improved locoregional control, although this difference was not statistically significant. The multivariate analysis revealed that UND was an independent factor significantly associated with improved overall survival and locoregional control.ConclusionThis study provided evidence supporting the effectiveness of UND in conjunction with definitive radiotherapy for locally advanced hypopharyngeal carcinoma. Future research should focus on validating and refining these findings through well‐designed prospective multicenter trials.
Determining threshold air temperature of snowfall and rainfall in China mainland
Authors: Liu Yulian , Ren Guoyu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSeparating existing historical precipitation data into solid and liquid precipitation remains a challenge in the study of climate change, extreme precipitation, and hydrological modelling. Based on historical daily air temperature and precipitation data, as well as visual observations of precipitation phase (weather phenomena records) in China mainland, this study proposed a snow‐day direct definition method (SDDM) to determine the threshold air temperature (TAT) of rainfall and snowfall, and analysed the spatial pattern and its influential factors. The main findings include: (1) the TAT based on the SDDM varied from −1.2 to 6.3°C, with a mean value of 2.8°C for the entire study region; (2) TAT was generally higher and more variable in the low‐latitude areas, and the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau was characterized by an abnormally high average TAT of 5.2°C, almost twice as large as that of the eastern monsoon region; (3) TAT exhibited a significant positive correlation with altitude and negative correlation with precipitation and relative humidity. The results presented in this paper have potential application for studies of large‐scale snowfall climatology and climate change, weather forecasting techniques, and hydrological model parameterization in areas with complex and diverse geographical and climatic conditions.
Is genotoxicity a suitable biomarker for monitoring anabolic‐androgenic steroids exposure in vivo? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Pinto Thiago Guedes , Malacarne Ingra Tais , Takeshita Wilton Mitsunari , de Barros Viana Milena , Renno Ana Claudia Muniz , Ribeiro Daniel Araki 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSteroids stand for a class of hormones (natural and synthetic) known to be helpful for a number of disorders. Despite the aforementioned beneficial effects of using these hormones, anabolic‐androgenic steroids (AAS) are also widely abused in a non‐therapeutic manner for muscle‐building and strength‐increasing properties that may lead to genotoxicity in different tissues. The present study aims to understand whether genotoxicity may be a suitable biomarker for AAS exposure in vivo in both experimental animal and human studies. All studies published in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science electronic databases that presented data on DNA damage caused by AAS were analyzed. A total of 15 articles were included in this study, and after thoroughly reviewing the studies, a total of 8 articles were classified as Strong, 6 were classified as Moderate, and only 1 was classified as Weak, totaling 14 studies being considered either Strong or Moderate. This classification makes it possible to consider the present findings as reliable. The meta‐analysis data revealed a statistically significant difference in Wistar rat testis cells with AAS compared to control for tail length and % tail DNA (p < 0.001), so that the selected articles were considered homogeneous and the I2 of 0% indicated low heterogeneity. In summary, genotoxicity can be considered a suitable biomarker for monitoring AAS exposure as a result of DNA breakage and oxidative DNA damage.
The evolutionary paths of clinical psychology studies in the United States: A bibliometrics illustration of 69k publications
Authors: Gao Mingzhu , Lou Wen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveWe aim to uncover the hot topics and development trends in clinical psychology research in the United States.MethodUtilizing bibliometric analysis, we examined clinical psychology papers published in the United States from 2010 to 2022 in the Web of Science database, employing citation analysis, content analysis, author analysis, and journal analysis.ResultsOur analysis revealed a significant increase in clinical psychology research, notably catalyzed by the 2019 COVID‐19 pandemic. This surge was particularly evident in studies addressing mental disorders such as PTSD, anxiety, and suicidal behaviors, as well as psychological trauma related to issues like family conflict, elder abuse, and collective trauma. Furthermore, there was a distinct shift towards studying diverse populations, including gender and racial minorities, mothers, and adolescents. Therapeutic approaches, such as mindfulness‐based practices and AI‐assisted technologies, also gained prominence.ConclusionsThis study represents the first large‐scale bibliometric analysis in the field of clinical psychology in the United States. Our findings suggest that the COVID‐19 pandemic highlights the importance of studying psychological issues linked to major events. Also, researchers are increasingly focusing on minority groups. This trend, along with the use of new technologies like big data and artificial intelligence, guides future research in clinical psychology.Public Health Significance StatementThe works in this review suggest that the changing landscape of clinical psychology, especially post‐COVID‐19. The increased research post‐pandemic emphasizes addressing psychological trauma arising from societal issues like family conflicts, elder abuse, and collective trauma. A positive shift towards inclusivity is evident in research, focusing on diverse groups like gender minorities, racial minorities, mothers, and adolescents. Additionally, the amplified focus on mental disorders like PTSD, anxiety, and suicidal behaviors during the pandemic stresses the need for tailored interventions and support systems. Exploring innovative methods such as mindfulness‐based practices and AI‐assisted technologies showcases the field's adaptability in mental health interventions.
Ultrasound manifestations of primary intestinal non‐Hodgkin lymphoma with liver metastasis in a child
Authors: Wang Xiao‐yi , Zhu Yu‐ting , Zheng Shuang , Xiao Fei , Zhu Yuan‐yuan , Che Shan , Hu Pei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNon‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a highly aggressive malignant tumor arising in lymph nodes or extra‐nodal lymphoid tissues, with an incidence of 8.3 per million. It accounts for approximately 7% of childhood and adolescent malignancies, second only to leukemia and brain tumors. Despite the gastrointestinal tract being the most common extra‐nodal site involved by lymphoma, primary intestinal lymphoma (PIL) is rare and typically affects middle‐aged men without specific clinical symptoms. Here, we present the case of a 2‐year‐old child indicative of PIL with the informed consent of the parents.
Ultrasound‐based bone tracking using cross‐correlation enables dynamic measurements of knee kinematics during clinical assessments
Authors: Blomquist Matthew B. , Roth Joshua D. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPurposeMeasuring joint kinematics in the clinic is important for diagnosing injuries, tracking healing and guiding treatments; however, current methods are limited by accuracy and/or feasibility of widespread clinical adoption. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop and validate an ultrasound (US)‐based method for measuring knee kinematics during clinical assessments.MethodsWe mimicked four clinical laxity assessments (i.e., anterior, posterior, varus, valgus) on five human cadaver knees using our robotic testing system. We simultaneously collected B‐mode cine loops with an US transducer. We computed the errors in kinematics between those measured using our bone‐tracking algorithm, which cross‐correlated regions of interest across frames of the cine loops, and those measured using optical motion capture with bone pins. Additionally, we conducted studies to determine the effects of loading rate and transducer placement on kinematics measured using our US‐based bone tracking.ResultsPooling the trials at experimental speeds and those downsampled to replicate clinical laxity assessments, the maximum root‐mean‐square errors of knee kinematics using our bone‐tracking algorithm were 2.2 mm and 1.3° for the anterior‐posterior and varus‐valgus laxity assessments, respectively. Repeated laxity assessments proved to have good‐to‐excellent repeatability (intraclass correlation coefficients [ICCs] of 0.81–0.99), but ICCs from repositioning the transducer varied more widely, ranging from poor‐to‐good reproducibility (0.19–0.89).ConclusionOur results demonstrate that US is capable of tracking knee kinematics during dynamic movement. Because US is a safe and commonly used imaging modality, when paired with our bone‐tracking algorithm, US has the potential to assess dynamic knee kinematics across a wide variety of applications in the clinic.Level of EvidenceNot applicable.