bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychology for Musicians
Authors: Lehmann Andreas C. , Sloboda John A. , Woody Robert H. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis book provides a concise, accessible, and up-to-date introduction to psychological research for musicians, performers, music educators, and studio teachers. Designed to address the needs and priorities of the performing musician rather than the research community, it reviews the relevant psychological research findings in relation to situations and issues faced by musicians, and draws out practical implications for the practice of teaching and performance. Rather than a list of dos and don'ts, the book equips musicians with an understanding of the basic psychological principles that underlie music performance, enabling each reader to apply the content flexibly to the task at hand. Following a brief review of the scientific method as a way of thinking about the issues and problems in music, the text addresses the nature–nurture problem, identification and assessment of musical aptitude, musical development, adult skill maintenance, technical and expressive skills, practice, interpretation and expressivity, sight-reading, memorization, creativity, and composition, performance anxiety, critical listening, and teaching and learning. While there is a large body of empirical research regarding music, most musicians lack the scientific training to interpret these studies. This text bridges this gap by relating these skills to the musician's experiences, addressing their needs directly with non-technical language and practical application. It includes multiple illustrations, brief music examples, cases, questions, and suggestions for further reading.
From Tools to Theories
Authors: Gigerenzer Gerd 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis chapter is about the impact of new technologies on creative thinking — an impact of a productive rather than a disruptive kind. New tools can suggest new scientific ideas and metaphors about nature, society, and the mind. When this happens, one can trace discoveries back to the changing technological environment in which they evolved rather than attributing them to some mystical process inside a scientist’s head. The tools-to-theories heuristic, one of several heuristics of discovery, can explain the emergence of a broad range of theories and shed light on their limitations and potentials.
Market Efficiency, the Pareto Wealth Distribution, and the Lévy Distribution of Stock Returns
Authors: Levy Moshe 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe Pareto (power-law) wealth distribution is a robust consequence of a fundamental property of the capital investment process: it is a stochastic multiplicative process. This distribution implies that inequality is driven primarily by chance, rather than by differential investment ability. This chapter shows that the Pareto wealth distribution may explain the Levy distribution of stock returns, which has puzzled researchers for many years. Thus, the Pareto wealth distribution, market efficiency, and the Levy distribution of stock returns are all closely linked.
Vocation
Authors: Stackhouse John G. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
This chapter examines the concept of religious vocation. In Christian history, vocation has become bound up with the category of work in three different ways. The chapter explains these three ways. The chapter also discusses the typical conceptions of Christian mission that have emerged over the last century or so. Evangelicalism and certain strands of Roman Catholicism have emphasized personal evangelism while Liberal Christianity has taken up another form of gospel service and tried to save society.
Conclusion
Authors: Stackhouse John G. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
This chapter sums up the key findings of this study on Christian realism and what sort of person an individual should be for Jesus Christ in today's society. It proposes a renewed Christian realism that tries to be true to the nature of things, to the nature of the world and to the nature of God's revelation in the Scripture. The realism poses an alternative to the two options most often offered to modern Christian today including the withdrawal from certain worldly institutions and the wielding of power available in the name of Christ to draw the world under the rule of the Kingdom of God.
Johann Georg II Remembered
Authors: Frandsen Mary E. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Through his consistent patronage of Italian musicians and his demonstrable predilection for the musical idiom of modern Italy, Johann Georg II effectively opened a new musical age in Dresden, and permanently altered the soundscape in the electoral court chapel, once dominated by the music of Heinrich Schüt. In order to accomplish the sweeping changes that he had already begun to envision in the 1640s, he reached beyond the boundaries of his own land, language, and confession, and augmented his Hofkapelle with foreign virtuoso singers and composers. But the most unusual role filled by Johann Georg during his reign as elector was that of liturgist. Rather than concede all liturgical responsibility to his court preacher, he demonstrated a keen personal interest in the manner in which worship was celebrated at court and took a firm hand in developing the liturgical forms to be used in the chapel. It is from the perspective of aesthetic achievement, rather than that of political accomplishment, that the legacy of Johann Georg II is best assessed, for in this realm his contributions are significant and can be counted alongside those of his aspirational peers in Bavaria and Austria.
The Forgotten Mäzen Johann Georg II
Authors: Frandsen Mary E. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
In treatments of the political, social, and cultural history of Saxony, Elector Johann Georg II (r. 1656–80) generally receives only scant mention. Scholars of musical life in Dresden during the Baroque era have focused their attention on the reigns of Johann Georg I, Friedrich August I (r. 1694–1733), and Friedrich August II (r. 1733–63), and have left the decades of the later seventeenth century largely unexplored. But the resulting lack of attention to musical activity during Johann Georg II's reign is unjustified, for he stands as a bold and venturesome spirit, one who crossed confessional boundaries in order to introduce the most recent Italian sacred music into this Lutheran area of northern Europe. He brought castrati to Dresden, appointed Roman composers as his Kapellmeisters, and advanced a new musical idiom in his court chapel, one whose influence would be felt in courts and cities as far away as Stockholm. With its large, Italian-dominated Hofkapelle, Johann Georg II's court stood with those of the Holy Roman Emperor and the elector of Bavaria as one of the most important centers of musical patronage in the German-speaking lands.
Planning Agency, Autonomous Agency
Authors: Bratman Michael E. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Are there forms of psychological functioning that can be characterized without seeing the agent herself as playing an irreducible role and that are plausible candidates for sufficient conditions for agential governance? Are certain forms of functioning necessary for self-governance? The basic issue is one about sufficient conditions for autonomy; and we should be alive to the possibility that there are, at bottom, several different forms of functioning, each of which is sufficient, but no one of which is necessary for self-governance. This chapter highlights the basic connection between planning agency, agential authority, and self-government. It also returns to an important practical pressure in the direction of conative hierarchy. It examines two prominent models of relevant forms of psychological functioning: hierarchical models that highlight responsiveness to higher-order conative attitudes and value-judgment-responsive models that highlight responsiveness to judgments about the good. The chapter solves these problems by drawing on planning theory.
After Stella
Authors: Barnett Louise 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSwift got along with women across the social range during his adult life, including the poor street vendors he supported with his charity and encouragement, his long-time housekeeper, the wives and sisters of his chapter clergy, and the middle-class and noble ladies of the London and Dublin circles he frequented. He was so successful in getting the admiration of gentlewomen that two writers of the time showed a marked jealousy of this ability. Lord Orrery, after linking an anecdote of Swift and a worshipful female admirer, likens Swift to a Turkish monarch, a comparison devised to characterize Swift's power accurately and at the same time make fun of it.
Swift and Women Critics
Authors: Barnett Louise 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAnecdotal proofs state that women read Swift and commented on his writings from the time his texts were first published, but the systematic attention that results in a book-length critical study would not be made until the 20th century. Some 19th-century essayists, such as Anna Jameson, Margaret Wood, Margaret Oliphant, and Lady Wilde, were drawn, like their male counterparts, to ponder the by-then infamous triangle of Swift, Stella, and Vanessa without being similarly drawn to any analysis of Swift's writings. However, in the latter part of the 18th century, the popular writer of conduct literature, Mrs. Hester Chapone, studied one of Swift's texts, the Letter to a Young Lady, on Her Marriage, in her own letter of advice addressed to a newly married niece. Chapone's Letter to a New-Married Lady reaffirms the commitment to female subjection and obedience in marriage.
Mahler, Symphony no. 9/i (1908–1909)
Authors: Agawu Kofi 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis chapter discusses a formulation of a semiotic interpretation of a large-scale work whose units, if reckoned in notes, measures, or even groups of measures, might easily run into the hundreds. This would then lead to the obscuring of the work's larger design. As such, the analysis in this chapter draws on a variety of criteria for segmentation. It identifies the building blocks or units in the entire movement, before it explores some of the affiliations among the building blocks.
Sexual Dissidence
Authors: Dollimore Jonathan 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWhy is homosexuality socially marginal yet symbolically central? Why, in other words, is it so strangely integral to the very societies which obsessively denounce it, and why is it history, rather than human nature, which has produced this paradoxical position? These are just some of the questions explored in this wide-ranging study of sexual dissidence which returns to the early modern period in order to focus, question, and develop issues of postmodernity. In the process, it links writers as diverse as William Shakespeare, André Gide, Oscar Wilde, and Jean Genet, and cultural critics as different as St. Augustine, Sigmund Freud, Frantz Fanon, Michel Foucault, and Monique Wittig. Freud's theory of perversion is discovered to be more challenging than either his critics or his advocates usually allow, especially when approached via the earlier period's archetypal perverts, the religious heretic and the wayward woman, Satan and Eve. The book further shows how the literature, histories, and sub-cultures of sexual and gender dissidence prove remarkably illuminating for current debates in literary theory, psychoanalysis, and cultural materialism. It includes chapters on transgression and its containment, contemporary theories of sexual difference, homophobia, the gay sensibility, transvestite literature in the culture and theatre of Renaissance England, homosexuality, and race.
Re-encounters
Authors: Dollimore Jonathan 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAndré Gide's accounts of his meetings with Oscar Wilde have been regarded with suspicion. Gide felt that he knew Wilde better than others because he understood Wilde's homosexuality and the difference it made. He also claimed to have understood Wilde better than did others because he understood something about, and shared, Wilde's sexual difference, and so was a recipient of Wilde's confidence. He did not claim, as did some of those others, that he knew Wilde better than Wilde knew himself. In his Journals, Gide remarked that it was Wilde who had determined ‘to make of falsehood a work of art’ that he said ‘Never use I’. The I belongs to the very face, and Wilde's art had something of the mask about it…' On the one hand, Gide is again making a perceptive point about the relationship between Wilde's art and his homosexuality; he rejected the idea that Wilde's sexuality was dictated by his aestheticism.
Thinking the Perverse Dynamic
Authors: Dollimore Jonathan 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSigmund Freud was aware of the paradoxical nature of desire, not least because of its fundamental perversity. However, psychoanalysis, in discovering that perversity, needs also to address a perverse dynamic inextricably bound into desire but not reducible to it, however defined. To recover the history of perversion is to rethink some of the most basic classificatory categories which have organised and, in a sense produced, sexuality. Psychoanalysis also needs to disclose the perverse nature of the social, finally, to recognise that a challenging concept of the perverse lies not any longer in the polymorphous perverse, but in the paradoxical perverse or the perverse dynamic. Perversion subverts not in the recovery of a pre-social libido, or an original plenitude, but as a dynamic intrinsic to social process.
Introduction
Authors: Erskine-Hill Howard 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
This introductory chapter begins by laying out the main contention of this book, that there is a political component, often involving contemporary political ideas and historical circumstance, in some of the most powerful poetic works of 16th- and 17th-century English literature, works which have in the past been usually read for their aesthetic achievement and generalized wisdom. It argues that this political component is an eventual part of their aesthetic life, and that that, in its turn, is part of that wider historical culture which it is the vocation of scholarship to explore.
Parataxis and the ‘Multiple Sentence’
Authors: Mitchell Bruce 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The term ‘parataxis’ is used here in a purely formal sense to mean a construction in which sentences or clauses are not formally subordinated one to the other. A multiple (or compound) sentence is traditionally defined as a sentence consisting of two or more co-ordinate clauses, i.e., clauses joined together by co-ordinating conjunctions such as ‘and’ (‘cumulative’), ‘but’ (‘adversative’), ‘(either…) or’ (‘alternative’), and ‘for’ (‘illative’). This chapter discusses asyndetic parataxis, syndetic parataxis, correlation not involving subordination, and element order in paratactic non-dependent questions.
Narrativity: Theory and Practice
Authors: Sturgess Philip J. M. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Defining narrativity as the enabling force of narrative, this is a full-length exploration of the concept in fiction. It develops the notion of a ‘logic of narrativity’, and by this means contributes a new critical strategy to the field of narrative theory. The book also takes issue with a number of critical approaches which have in recent years acquired near-orthodox status in the matter of textual interpretation. Most prominent among these approaches are deconstruction and a particular form of Marxist criticism. The author's own theoretical claims are substantiated by readings of major 20th-century novels by Conrad, Joyce, Flann O'Brien, and Arthur Koestler, and the book concludes with an analysis of an earlier narrative, Maria Edgeworth's Castle Rackrent, which illustrates the wider premises of the theory and its applications.
Narrative Despotism and Metafictional Mastery: The Case of Flann O'Brien's At Swim-Two-Birds
Authors: Sturgess Philip J. M. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the way in which the concept of a logic of narrativity relates to, and meets the challenge of, Flann O'Brien's fiction. At first sight this fiction seems completely illogical in its mode of being, illogical both in terms of narrative logic (the second principle of the concept) and in terms of intelligible sequence and overall syntagmatic continuity (the fourth and fifth principles of the concept). If the theory in question can, as it were, make sense of this illogic, then by implication it can make sense of other works for which At Swim-Two-Birds may stand as a paradigm.
Ambiguity: The Making of the Irish Treaty, 1921–1922
Authors: Lavin Deborah 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSceptics turned Curtis's own phrase against him saying that he brought dyarchy in India and anarchy to Ireland. Curtis inspired the Irish Branch with a theory of Commonwealth which suggested how an Irish settlement might be worked. He had argued that the Commonwealth must operate as a unit, symbolized by the common citizenship of its peoples. To be made saleable in two fundamentally opposed political systems, the Treaty had to mean several inconsistent things at once. In Britain, it had to be seen to create a monarchical Dominion; in Ireland it had to be seen as capable of evolution into independence, even as an autonomous republic. Curtis had advised that the constitutional issue raised points which ‘unless handled with the greatest care, may easily range the whole of the Dominion on the side of Ireland against the country and precipitate a crises on the Imperial question’.
An Irish Dominion in an International Commonwealth
Authors: Lavin Deborah 
Published: October 2011

AbstractFor a time much of the responsibility for the Irish Branch fell to Curtis. His influence in Dublin grew as he negotiated directly with Liam Cosgrave and Kevin O'Higgins. Curtis perceived a new role for the Commonwealth — nothing less than keeping the peace of the world, with the Foreign Office giving form to its international identity as a whole by acting as the agent of the Imperial Conference. Curtis worked up a plan of his own for international action to stabilize world peace after the war, and had suggested a limited federal union among the Allies for mutual defence and security. He proposed to fit the Irish scheme into a wider plan, since the new federal union was designed to be sufficiently international.
Oxford—Civitas Mei,Civitas Dei
Authors: Lavin Deborah 
Published: October 2011

AbstractCurtis was elected to a Fellowship at All Souls, renewing an attachment to Oxford that lasted for the rest of his life. Influential American industrialists and academics and Dominion magnates frequented the College as his weekend guests. His rather surprising friendship with T. E. Lawrence had begun in London. Curtis has been elected to his Fellowship to complete The Commonwealth of Nations, but he found that ‘the political landscape had so changed, and my own outlook upon it had widened to such an extent, that the “Commonwealth of Nations” Part I was too obsolete to continue’. The extraordinary title and form Curtis chose — Civitas Dei — show that he was still labouring to reconcile responsible government and internationalism, his principle of Commonwealth with his personal morality and hatred over war.
Settled Practices
Authors: Gurr Andrew 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe Privy Council’s settlement of two approved playing companies in two approved playhouses in 1594 was the first permanent foothold for the companies in London. The years from 1594 to 1603 laid down new patterns, which only altered very slowly in the decades that followed. A number of different aspects of their working, such as the times and conditions of performance, licensing, the effects of the plague bills, and the sharer system and company finances are considered in this chapter. Given the variety of playing through time and space, the number of different playhouses and playing companies, the seventy-five-year span of performances, changing tastes among playgoers and playwrights, and the inevitability of change, development, and even evolution in theatre traditions, we do it wrong to use it so homogeneously, as if it was a single, invariable practice. Given such variety, too, many of the questions that stand up about the London theatres of William Shakespeare’s time get answers for which the evidence is all too imprecise.
The Supreme God and Saturn
Authors: Simmons Michael Bland 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The Adversus nationes was written during a period of great religious conflict and competition. Two very powerful forces were simultaneously confronting the Christian Church in North Africa: the Roman Empire and the cult of Saturn. This chapter suggests that in Arnobius, one can glimpse a few impacts which resulted from the most cataclysmic event in North Africa up to his time. God depicted as the lord of nature and the agrarian processes, who sends the rains, blesses the crops, and has created the sun to make things grow, is a conception of deity which indeed comprises a small but very important part of Arnobius' overall understanding of the manner in which the Christian God providentially relates himself to man and his world. The immediate Christian source underlying this concept is the De bono patientiae of Cyprian. Whether Arnobius has carried with him any former pagan religious concepts into his Christian views of the agrarian lordship of the deity is not ascertainable, but certainly possible in light of the conceptual parallels noted above with the Saturn cult.
Preface
Authors: Kerler Dov-Ber 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the origins and writings of Yiddish literature written in Eastern Europe. Titles of the earliest work are enumerated, those that were of notable influence on modern literature. Times of oppression, such as the Khmelnitski massacre in 1648, forced the Jewish people to migrate to other regions in Europe, such as the Central and Western parts. Due to the new settling of colonies, they brought with them the Yiddish literature, which they were able to share with the natives. It brought about the further expansion of the literature. Also highlighted in the chapter are commemorative poems that are important manifestations of the Eastern Yiddish Literature. They also reflect the cruelty and pain that the massacre caused.
Two Books from the Early Eighteenth Century
Authors: Kerler Dov-Ber 
Published: October 2011

AbstractEthical literature was a very popular genre in Yiddish literature during the sixteenth and up until the eighteenth century. Simplicity and moral tones were some of the elements that were emphasized in the two books that served as examples of eighteenth-century Eastern literature. Both were concerned with religious and spiritual aspects, using narrative tales and parables that speak of general ethical principles and religious customs. They are a guide for people to stay on track with their lives and be mindful of their actions. What is interestingly about these writings is that they had both Western and Eastern thoughts in them, as though the writers had these readers in mind, albeit that it was European in origin.
The Eastern Yiddish Re-editions
Authors: Kerler Dov-Ber 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe Eastern re-editions are important in that they provide information on the transition that took place in terms of form, structure, and content. The most important changes were those regarding syntax, morphology, and lexicon. These, however, still follow the old Jewish spelling conventions, as there is still a sort of conservatism in some respects. The greatest change took place in the early nineteenth century, where typographical transition was very much apparent. A high level of consistency was still maintained, in spite of the alterations. Points such as stressed and unstressed vowels, spelling of consonants, and phonology are tackled in this chapter, lending insight into and comprehension of the evolution that took place.