bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polymer monolith‐integrated multilayer poly(dimethylsiloxane) microchip for online microextraction and capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Kang Qin‐Shu , Li Yun , Xu Jun‐Qing , Su Li‐Jin , Li Yu‐Tao , Huang Wei‐Hua 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe reported the in situ synthesis and use of porous polymer monolith (PPM) columns in an integrated multilayer PDMS/glass microchip for microvalve‐assisted on‐line microextraction and microchip electrophoresis for the first time. Under the control of PDMS microvalves, the grafting of the microchannel surface and in situ photopolymerization of poly(methacrylic acid‐co‐ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) monolith in a defined zone were successfully achieved. Different factors including the surface grafting, polymerization time, PDMS elastic properties (ratio of oligomer/curing reagent) and UV intensity that affect the monolith synthesis in the PDMS microchannel were investigated and optimized. Dopamine, a model analyte, has been online microextracted, eluted, electrophoresized and electrochemically detected in the microchip, with a mean concentration enrichment factor of 80 (n=3). The results demonstrated that the PPM could be synthesized successfully in the PDMS microchip with a homogeneous structure and excellent mechanical properties. Furthermore, owing to the intrinsic character using PDMS in large‐scale integrated microsystems, the implantation of PPM pretreatment units in PDMS microchips would make it possible to deal with complicated analytical processes in a high‐throughput way.
Active base isolation of buildings subjected to seismic excitations
Authors: Chang Chia‐Ming , Spencer Billie F. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractStructural control technology has been widely accepted as an effective means for the protection of structures against seismic hazards. Passive base isolation is one of the structural control techniques to enhance the performance of structures subjected to severe earthquake excitations. Isolation bearings employed at the base of a structure naturally increases its flexibility, but concurrently results in large base displacements. The combination of base isolation with active control, i.e. active base isolation, creates the possibility of achieving a balanced level of control performance in reductions of either floor accelerations or base displacements. Many theoretical papers have been written by researchers regarding active base isolation. A few experiments have been performed to verify these theories; however, challenges in appropriately scaling the structural system and modeling the complex nature of control–structure interaction (CSI) have limited the applicability of these results. This paper presents the development and experimental verification of an active base isolation system for a seismically excited building. First, the general problem formulation and control design procedure are provided. Subsequently, the experimental setup is described; unique features include low‐friction pendular bearings and custom‐manufactured low‐force hydraulic actuators. A new system identification procedure that can effectively capture the phenomena of CSI is then presented and used to realize control‐oriented models of the system. H2/LQG control strategies employing different performance objectives are developed and experimentally evaluated on a six degree‐of‐freedom shake table in the Smart Structures Technology Laboratory at the University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign. The proposed control strategies are shown to perform effectively for a wide range of seismic excitations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thresholds for morphological changes on an exposed sandy beach as a function of wave height
Authors: Almeida L. P. , Ferreira Ó. , Pacheco A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA sandy beach in the south of Portugal (Faro beach, Ria Formosa) was surveyed from the dune crest seaward to 15 m depth 20 times over a period of 26 months. Wave time‐series between surveys were analysed to obtain relationships between wave height and vertical profile variations and to define wave thresholds for important morphological changes. Results show that the active zone of the profile lies between 5 m above and 10·4 m below mean sea level, and that there are clear cross‐shore differences in the vertical variability of the profile. Based on the pattern of vertical variability, the profile was divided into four cross‐shore sectors: A (berm), 20–80 m from the profile origin; B (sub‐tidal terrace), 80–170 m; C (long‐shore bar), 170–360 m; and D, 360–700 m. The relationship between the modulus of the maximum vertical change in each sector and the 99th percentile of significant wave height between surveys was always significant. Calculated thresholds for significant wave height generating important morphological changes were 2·3 m in sector A, 3·2 m in sectors B and C, and 4·1 m in sector D. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A study of an LED backlight thermal module
Authors: Su Ay , Chen S.Y. , Lin Y.C. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe present study uses a heat sink plate to conduct natural convection in order to examine different areas of the heat sink and the effects of mounting different quantities of LEDs on the same surface on the thermal mechanism performance. Based on the experimental results, when a heat sink plate is arranged vertically, the channel flow between the fins is parallel to gravity. The LED substrate plate temperature is different from that at the end of the fin, and rises with the increase of total power. The thermal resistance rises slowly and then declines with the increase of LED electric power. As for temperature change of the LED substrate and at the end of the fin, when the temperature difference is increased, it also increases the natural convection thrust. For thermal resistance, the environmental thermal resistance at the bottom of the heat sink plate is lower than at the middle and top sections. These LED power emissions will be changed synchronously.Regarding the LED quantity control, the rate of increase is the highest for the heat sink plate with 30 pcs LED, and the temperature is very high for the heat sink plate with 45 and 60 pcs LEDs when the power approaches 1 W. Moreover, the rising rate is the lowest for the heat sink plate with 60 pcs LEDs. Depending on the brightness requirement, the illuminant is provided by 60 pcs LEDs to obtain a lower temperature so that the system can reduce the thermal protective design. Evidence shows that a high conductivity heat pipe embedded in the channel can provide a more uniform temperature distribution. The present study provides a further understanding on the influence of different illuminant densities on the heat sink structure and the temperature difference in an LED heat transfer device, in order to provide a reference for heat sink design of a backlight module and LED illuminant module evaluation. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20321
A study on the integration of micro‐reformer and high‐ temperature PEM fuel cell
Authors: Su Ay , Liu Ying‐Chieh , Lin Wei‐Chieh , Cheng Chih‐Kai , Hsieh Chung‐You 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis study presented an integration platform for a methanol reformer and high‐temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The methanol micro‐reformer was combined with the catalytic reaction section and reforming section, whereas the catalytic reaction section with Pt catalysis maintained the constant temperature environment for a reforming process. SRM reforming results showed that 74 to 74.9% hydrogen and 23.5 to 25.7% of carbon dioxide in the mixture product, and less than 2% of carbon monoxide, was produced. Using the reforming product of low carbon monoxide concentration and the highest methanol conversion rate, a micro reformer link with a fuel cell integration experiment was performed. Results showed a high temperature PEMFC with 3 to 4 W power output under methanol flow rates of 15 ml/hr. Due to the lower hydrogen pressure supplied from the micro reformer, the fuel cell power output may become unstable. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20322
Biologic markers of sun exposure and melanoma risk in women: Pooled case–control analysis
Authors: Olsen Catherine M. , Zens Michael S. , Green Adele C. , Stukel Therese A. , Holman C. D'Arcy J. , Mack Thomas , Elwood J. Mark , Holly Elizabeth A. , Sacerdote Carlotta , Gallagher Richard , Swerdlow Anthony J. , Armstrong Bruce K. , Rosso Stefano , Kirkpatrick Connie , Zanetti Roberto , Bishop Julia Newton , Bataille Veronique , Chang Yu‐Mei , Mackie Rona , Østerlind Anne , Berwick Marianne , Karagas Margaret R. , Whiteman David C. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA model has been proposed whereby melanomas arise through two distinct pathways dependent on the relative influence of host susceptibility and sun exposure. Such pathways may explain site‐specific patterns of melanoma occurrence. To explore this model, we investigated the relationship between melanoma risk and general markers of acute (recalled sunburns) and chronic (prevalent solar keratoses) sun exposure, stratified by anatomic site and host phenotype. Our working hypothesis was that head and neck melanomas have stronger associations with solar keratoses and weaker associations with sunburn than trunk melanomas. We conducted a collaborative analysis using original data from women subjects of 11 case–control studies of melanoma (2,575 cases, 3,241 controls). We adjusted for potential confounding effects of sunlamp use and sunbathing. The magnitude of sunburn associations did not differ significantly by melanoma site, nevus count or histologic subtype of melanoma. Across all sites, relative risk of melanoma increased with an increasing number of reported lifetime “painful” sunburns, lifetime “severe” sunburns and “severe” sunburns in youth (ptrend < 0.001), with pooled odds ratios (pORs) for the highest category of sunburns versus no sunburns of 3.22 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.04–5.09] for lifetime “painful” sunburns, 2.10 (95%CI 1.30–3.38) for lifetime “severe” sunburns and 2.43 (95%CI 1.61–3.65) for “severe” sunburns in youth. Solar keratoses strongly increased the risk of head and neck melanoma (pOR 4.91, 95%CI 2.10–11.46), but data were insufficient to assess risk for other sites. Reported sunburn is strongly associated with melanoma on all major body sites.
Decomposing complete equipartite graphs into odd square‐length cycles: number of parts odd
Authors: Smith Benjamin R. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn this article, we introduce a new technique for obtaining cycle
decompositions of complete equipartite graphs from cycle decompositions of related multigraphs. We use this technique to prove that if n, m and λ are positive integers with n ≥ 3, λ≥ 3 and n and λ both odd, then the complete equipartite graph having n parts of size m admits a
decomposition into cycles of length λ2 whenever nm ≥ λ2 and λ divides m. As a corollary, we obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for the decomposition of any complete equipartite graph into cycles of length p2, where p is prime. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 18:401‐414, 2010
pH control mechanisms of tumor survival and growth
Authors: Parks Scott K. , Chiche Johanna , Pouyssegur Jacques 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA distinguishing phenotype of solid tumors is the presence of an alkaline cellular feature despite the surrounding acidic microenvironment. This phenotypic characteristic of tumors, originally described by Otto Warburg, arises due to alterations in metabolism of solid tumors. Hypoxic regions of solid tumors develop due to poor vascularization and in turn regulate the expression of numerous genes via the transcription factor HIF‐1. Ultimately, the tumor microenvironment directs the development of tumor cells adapted to survive in an acidic surrounding where normal cells perish. The provision of unique pH characteristics in tumor cells provides a defining trait that has led to the pursuit of treatments that target metabolism, hypoxia, and pH‐related mechanisms to selectively kill cancer cells. Numerous studies over the past decade involving the cancer‐specific carbonic anhydrase IX have re‐kindled an interest in pH disruption‐based therapies. Although an acidification of the intracellular compartment is established as a means to induce normal cell death, the defining role of acid–base disturbances in tumor physiology and survival remains unclear. The aim of this review is to summarize recent data relating to the specific role of pH regulation in tumor cell survival. We focus on membrane transport and enzyme studies in an attempt to elucidate their respective functions regarding tumor cell pH regulation. These data are discussed in the context of future directions for the field of tumor cell acid–base‐related research. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 299–308, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of mesenchymal stem cells from human normal and hyperplastic gingiva
Authors: Tang Liang , Li Nan , Xie Han , Jin Yan 
Published: September 2010

AbstractHuman gingiva plays an important role in the maintenance of oral health and shows unique fetal‐like scarless healing process after wounding. Here we isolate and characterize mesenchymal stem cells from human normal and hyperplastic gingival tissues (N‐GMSC and H‐GMSC, respectively). Immunocytochemical staining indicated that gingival lamina propria contained Stro‐1 and SSEA‐4 positive cells, implying existence of putative gingival MSC. Under attachment‐based isolating and culturing condition, gingival MSC displayed highly clonogenic and long‐term proliferative capability. By using single colony isolation and expansion approaches, we found both N‐GMSC and H‐GMSC possessed self‐renewal and multipotent differentiation properties. N‐GMSC and H‐GMSC showed distinct immunoregulatory functions in a murine skin allograft setting via up‐regulation of putative systemic regulatory T cells (Tregs). N‐GMSC and H‐GMSC were capable of regenerating collagenous tissue following in vivo transplantation, in which H‐GMSC exhibited more robust regenerative capability. These findings suggest that gingival tissue contains tissue‐specific mesenchymal stem cell population and is an ideal resource for immunoregulatory therapy due to its substantial availability and accessibility. In addition, gingival MSC over‐activation may contribute to gingival hyperplastic phenotype. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 832–842, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dual regulation of hepatocyte apoptosis by reactive oxygen species: Increases in transcriptional expression and decreases in proteasomal degradation of BimEL
Authors: Ishihara Yasuhiro , Takeuchi Kenji , Ito Fumiaki , Shimamoto Norio 
Published: September 2010

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) have a fundamental role in intracellular signaling transduction. We show here that time‐dependent extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) activation due to inactivation of protein tyrosine phosphatases was closely linked to hepatocyte apoptosis under sustained exposure to ROS, which is produced through inhibition of ROS‐scavenging enzymes. We found, for the first time, that active ERK transcriptionally increased BimEL expression among seven proteins of the Bcl‐2 family. Transfection of Bim siRNA inhibited BimEL expression and hepatocyte apoptosis. Although ERK activation also elicited BimEL phosphorylation and subsequent ubiquitination, exposure to ROS for 9 h decreased proteasome activity. Collectively, the amount of BimEL was elevated by its increased expression and decreased degradation, leading to apoptosis. Exposure to ROS for 6 h caused neither reduction of proteasome activity nor hepatocyte apoptosis. These results indicate that the duration of exposure to ROS determines the fate of cells, that is, survival or death, in addition to the species, amounts, and generation sites of ROS. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 1007–1016, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
RARγ is required for correct deposition and removal of Suz12 and H2A.Z in embryonic stem cells
Authors: Amat Ramon , Gudas Lorraine J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractRetinoic acid (RA) induces embryonic stem cell differentiation. The effects of RA are mediated by retinoic acid receptors (RARs) that promote epigenetic changes controlling gene transcription. We show here that RARγ, in the absence of the ligand RA, is required for deposition of the histone variant H2A.Z and the polycomb group protein Suz12 at RA target genes, and that in embryonic stem cells both RARγ and Suz12 exist in a multi‐protein complex in the absence of ligand. Addition of RA causes removal of H2A.Z and Suz12 from RARγ target genes when the genes are transcriptionally activated. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 293–298, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Protein kinase D1 promotes anchorage‐independent growth, invasion, and angiogenesis by human pancreatic cancer cells
Authors: Ochi Nobuo , Tanasanvimon Suebpong , Matsuo Yoichi , Tong Zhimin , Sung Bokyung , Aggarwal Bharat B. , Sinnett‐Smith James , Rozengurt Enrique , Guha Sushovan 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal diseases. Novel molecularly targeted therapies are urgently needed. Here, we extended our studies on the role of protein kinase D1 (PKD1) in PDAC cell lines. Given that Panc‐1 express moderate levels of PKD1, we used retroviral‐mediated gene transfer to create a Panc‐1 derivative that stably over‐expresses PKD1 (Panc‐1‐PKD1). Reciprocally, we used shRNA targeting PKD1 in Panc‐28 to produce a PKD1 under‐expressing Panc‐28 derivative (Panc‐28‐shPKD1). Our results demonstrate that Panc‐1‐PKD1 cells exhibit significantly increased anchorage‐independent growth in soft agar and increased in vitro invasion compared with Panc‐1‐mock. Reciprocally, Panc‐28‐shPKD1 cells show a significant decrease in anchorage‐independent growth and invasiveness, as compared with Panc‐28‐mock cells. The selective PKD family inhibitor CRT0066101 markedly decreased colony‐forming ability and invasiveness by either Panc‐1‐PKD1 or Panc‐28‐mock cells. Secretion of the pro‐angiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and CXC chemokines (CXCL8) was significantly elevated by PKD1 over‐expression in Panc‐1 cells and reduced either by depletion of PKD1 via shRNA in Panc‐28 cells or by addition of CRT0066101 to either Panc‐1‐PKD1 or Panc‐28‐mock cells. Furthermore, human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) tube formation was significantly enhanced by co‐culture with Panc‐1‐PKD1 compared with Panc‐1‐mock in an angiogenesis assay in vitro. Conversely, PKD1 depletion in Panc‐28 cells decreased their ability to induce endotube formation by HUVECs. PDAC‐induced angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo was markedly inhibited by CRT0066101. Our results lend further support to the hypothesis that PKD family members provide a novel target for PDAC therapy. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 1074–1085, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
3D imaging of telomeres and nuclear architecture: An emerging tool of 3D nano‐morphology‐based diagnosis
Authors: Knecht Hans , Mai Sabine 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPatient samples are evaluated by experienced pathologists whose diagnosis guides treating physicians. Pathological diagnoses are complex and often assisted by the application of specific tissue markers. However, cases still exist where pathologists cannot distinguish between closely related entities or determine the aggressiveness of the disease they identify under the microscope. This is due to the absence of reliable markers that define diagnostic subgroups in several cancers. Three‐dimensional (3D) imaging of nuclear telomere signatures is emerging as a new tool that may change this situation offering new opportunities to the patients. This article will review current and future avenues in the assessment of diagnostic patient samples. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 859–867, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Blockade of TNFR1 signaling: A role of oscillatory fluid shear stress in osteoblasts
Authors: Wang Haifang , Young Suzanne R. , Gerard‐O'Riley Rita , Hum Julia M. , Yang Zhouqi , Bidwell Joseph P. , Pavalko Fredrick M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractFluid shear stress protects cells from TNF‐α‐induced apoptosis. Oscillatory fluid shear stress (OFSS) is generally perceived as physiologically relevant biophysical signal for bone cells. Here we identify several cellular mechanisms responsible for mediating the protective effects of OFSS against TNF‐α‐induced apoptosis in vitro. We found that exposure of MC3T3‐E1 osteoblast‐like cells to as little as 5 min of OFSS suppressed TNF‐α‐induced activation of caspase‐3, cleavage of PARP and phosphorylation of histone. In contrast, H2O2‐induced apoptosis was not inhibited by OFSS suggesting that OFSS might not be protecting cells from TNF‐α‐induced apoptosis via stimulation of global pro‐survival signaling pathways. In support of this speculation, OFSS inhibition of TNF‐α‐induced apoptosis was unaffected by inhibitors of several pro‐survival signaling pathways including pI3‐kinase (LY294002), MAPK/ERK kinase (PD98059 or U0126), intracellular Ca2+ release (U73122), NO production (L‐NAME), or protein synthesis (cycloheximide) that were applied to cells during exposure to OFSS and during TNF‐α treatment. However, TNF‐α‐induced phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα was blocked by pre‐exposure of cells to OFSS suggesting a more specific effect of OFSS on TNF‐α signaling. We therefore focused on the mechanism of OFSS regulation of TNF‐receptor 1 (TNFR1) signaling and found that OFSS (1) reduced the amount of receptor on the cell surface, (2) prevented the association of ubiquitinated RIP in TNFR1 complexes with TRADD and TRAF2, and (3) reduced TNF‐α‐induced IL‐8 promoter activity in the nucleus. We conclude that the anti‐apoptotic effect of OFSS is not mediated by activation of universal pro‐survival signaling pathways. Rather, OFSS inhibits TNF‐α‐induced pro‐apoptotic signaling which can be explained by the down‐regulation of TNFR1 on the cell surface and blockade of TNFR1 downstream signaling by OFSS. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 1044–1051, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
KIT receptor activation by autocrine and paracrine stem cell factor stimulates growth of merkel cell carcinoma in vitro
Authors: Krasagakis Konstantin , Fragiadaki Irene , Metaxari Maria , Krüger‐Krasagakis Sabine , Tzanakakis George N. , Stathopoulos Efstathios N. , Eberle Jürgen , Tavernarakis Nektarios , Tosca Androniki D. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe co‐expression of KIT receptor and its ligand stem cell factor (SCF) has been reported in biopsy specimens of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). However, the functional role of SCF/KIT in the pathogenesis of this aggressive tumor has not been elucidated. The present study reports expression and effects of SCF and KIT in the Merkel cell carcinoma cell line MCC‐1 in vitro. SCF and KIT were endogenously co‐expressed in MCC‐1 cells. Exogenous soluble SCF modulated KIT receptor mRNA and protein expression, stimulated growth of MCC‐1 cells, upregulated endogenous activation of KIT, AKT, and of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 signaling pathway. On the contrary, an inhibitory antibody that neutralized the KIT ligand binding site, reduced growth of MCC‐1 cells, as did high doses of the KIT kinase inhibitors imatinib and nilotinib. Also, inhibitors of KIT downstream effectors, U0126 that blocks MEK1/2 as well as wortmannin and LY294002 that inhibit phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase‐dependent AKT phosphorylation, inhibited the proliferation of MCC‐1 cells. These data support the hypothesis that KIT is activatable by paracrine or autocrine tumor cell‐derived SCF and stimulates growth of Merkel cell carcinoma in vitro. Blockade of KIT and the downstream signaling cascade at various levels results in inhibition of Merkel cell carcinoma growth in vitro, suggesting targets for therapy of this cancer. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 1099–1109, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.