bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polyphenols and phenolic acids from strawberry and apple decrease glucose uptake and transport by human intestinal Caco‐2 cells
Authors: Manzano Susana , Williamson Gary 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe effect of polyphenols, phenolic acids and tannins (PPTs) from strawberry and apple on uptake and apical to basolateral transport of glucose was investigated using Caco‐2 intestinal cell monolayers. Substantial inhibition on both uptake and transport was observed by extracts from both strawberry and apple. Using sodium‐containing (glucose transporters SGLT1 and GLUT2 both active) and sodium‐free (only GLUT2 active) conditions, we show that the inhibition of GLUT2 was greater than that of SGLT1. The extracts were analyzed and some of the constituent PPTs were also tested. Quercetin‐3‐O‐rhamnoside (IC50=31 μM), phloridzin (IC50=146 μM), and 5‐caffeoylquinic acid (IC50=2570 μM) contributed 26, 52 and 12%, respectively, to the inhibitory activity of the apple extract, whereas pelargonidin‐3‐O‐glucoside (IC50=802 μM) contributed 26% to the total inhibition by the strawberry extract. For the strawberry extract, the inhibition of transport was non‐competitive based on kinetic analysis, whereas the inhibition of cellular uptake was a mixed‐type inhibition, with changes in both Vmax and apparent Km. The results in this assay show that some PPTs inhibit glucose transport from the intestinal lumen into cells and also the GLUT2‐facilitated exit on the basolateral side.
Flavone induces changes in intermediary metabolism that prevent microadenoma formation in colonic tissue of carcinogen‐treated mice
Authors: Winkelmann Isabel , Diehl Daniela , Oesterle Doris , Daniel Hannelore , Wenzel Uwe 
Published: June 2010

AbstractScope: Colorectal cancer is a major cause of cancer deaths worldwide with the need for improved therapeutics and adjuvants.Methods and results: We here tested whether the secondary plant compound flavone affects the development of aberrant crypt foci and microadenomas triggered in C57BL/6J mice by 1,2‐dimethylhydrazine. Ten weeks after the last 1,2‐dimethylhydrazine injection, flavone was applied at 400 mg/kg body weight over 4  wk by gavage. Flavone was found to increase apoptosis and to reduce the rate of proliferation and aberrant crypt formation. More importantly, development of microadenomas was completely suppressed by flavone. Proteome analysis by 2‐DE with mass spectrometric identification of regulated proteins suggests a downregulation of tricarboxylic acid cycle activity in colonocytes with compensation by increased FADH2 production via a partial β‐oxidation of long‐chain fatty acids to meet energy demands. Transcriptome analysis, using a Gene Chip expression array with 24 000 gene probes confirmed the proteome data and moreover revealed the increased expression of various solute transporters, suggesting increased substrate supply to be used for tricarboxylic acid cycle‐independent energy production.Conclusion: In conclusion, changes in the levels of proteins from intermediary metabolism or their encoding mRNAs are linked to flavone‐induced apoptosis and the prevention of microadenoma formation in transformed colonocytes of mice.
Assessing exposure to phthalates – The human biomonitoring approach
Authors: Wittassek Matthias , Koch Holger Martin , Angerer Jürgen , Brüning Thomas 
Published: June 2010

AbstractSome phthalates are developmental and reproductive toxicants in animals. Exposure to phthalates is considered to be potentially harmful to human health as well. Based on a comprehensive literature research, we present an overview of the sources of human phthalate exposure and results of exposure assessments with special focus on human biomonitoring data. Among the general population, there is widespread exposure to a number of phthalates. Foodstuff is the major source of phthalate exposure, particularly for the long‐chain phthalates such as di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate. For short‐chain phthalates such as di‐n‐butyl‐phthalate, additional pathways are of relevance. In general, children are exposed to higher phthalate doses than adults. Especially, high exposures can occur through some medications or medical devices. By comparing exposure data with existing limit values, one can also assess the risks associated with exposure to phthalates. Within the general population, some individuals exceed tolerable daily intake values for one or more phthalates. In high exposure groups, (intensive medical care, medications) tolerable daily intake transgressions can be substantial. Recent findings from animal studies suggest that a cumulative risk assessment for phthalates is warranted, and a cumulative exposure assessment to phthalates via human biomonitoring is a major step into this direction.
Automatic segmentation of rodent spinal cord diffusion MR images
Authors: Tidwell Vanessa K. , Kim Joong H. , Song Sheng‐Kwei , Nehorai Arye 
Published: June 2010

AbstractMRI, is a key tool for noninvasive spinal cord lesion analysis; however, accurate, quantitative methods for this analysis are lacking. A new, multistep, multidimensional approach, utilizing the classification expectation maximization algorithm, is proposed for MRI segmentation of spinal cord tissues. Diffusion tensor imaging is used to generate multiple images of each spinal slice, with different diffusion direction weightings. The maximum likelihood tissue classifications are then jointly estimated to produce a binary classification image, corresponding to voxels containing either spinal cord or background. Edge detection is employed to find a nonparametric curve encapsulating the entire spinal cord. The algorithm is evaluated using data from in vivo diffusion tensor imaging of control and injured mouse spinal cords. The algorithm is shown to remain accurate for whole spinal cord, white matter, and hemorrhage segmentation in the presence of significant injury. The results of the method are shown to be at least on par with expert manual segmentation. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Support vector machines in DSC‐based glioma imaging: Suggestions for optimal characterization
Authors: Zöllner Frank G. , Emblem Kyrre E. , Schad Lothar R. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractDynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance perfusion imaging (DSC‐MRI) is a useful method to characterize gliomas. Recently, support vector machines (SVMs) have been introduced as means to prospectively characterize new patients based on information from previous patients. Based on features derived from automatically segmented tumor volumes from 101 DSC‐MR examinations, four different SVM models were compared. All SVM models achieved high prediction accuracies (>82%) after rebalancing the training data sets to equal amounts of samples per class. Best discrimination was obtained using a SVM model with a radial basis function kernel. A correct prediction of low‐grade glioma was obtained at 83% (true positive rate) and for high‐grade glioma at 91% (true negative rate) on the independent test data set. In conclusion, the combination of automated tumor segmentation followed by SVM classification is feasible. Thereby, a powerful tool is available to characterize glioma presurgically in patients. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Improving temporal resolution of pulmonary perfusion imaging in rats using the partially separable functions model
Authors: Brinegar Cornelius , Schmitter Sarah S. , Mistry Nilesh N. , Johnson G. Allan , Liang Zhi‐Pei 
Published: June 2010

AbstractDynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI (or DCE‐MRI) is a useful tool for measuring blood flow and perfusion, and it has found use in the study of pulmonary perfusion in animal models. However, DCE‐MRI experiments are difficult in small animals such as rats. A recently developed method known as Interleaved Radial Imaging and Sliding window‐keyhole (IRIS) addresses this problem by using a data acquisition scheme that covers (k,t)‐space with data acquired from multiple bolus injections of a contrast agent. However, the temporal resolution of IRIS is limited by the effects of temporal averaging inherent in the sliding window and keyhole operations. This article describes a new method to cover (k,t)‐space based on the theory of partially separable functions (PSF). Specifically, a sparse sampling of (k,t)‐space is performed to acquire two data sets, one with high‐temporal resolution and the other with extended k‐space coverage. The high‐temporal resolution training data are used to determine the temporal basis functions of the PSF model, whereas the other data set is used to determine the spatial variations of the model. The proposed method was validated by simulations and demonstrated by an experimental study. In this particular study, the proposed method achieved a temporal resolution of 32 msec. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Drug utilization in Belgian nursing homes: impact of residents' and institutional characteristics
Authors: Elseviers Monique M. , Vander Stichele Robert R. , Van Bortel Luc 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPurposeThis study aims to investigate drug utilization in Belgian nursing homes in relation to the characteristics of residents and the institution.MethodsA cross‐sectional study design was used. A total of 2510 residents were randomly selected from a stratified random sample of 76 Belgian nursing homes with at least 30 beds, including high‐intensity care beds. Data collection was based on medical chart review supplemented with clinical information from general practitioners (GPs)ResultsThe residents included had a mean age of 85 and 77% were female. They presented a median of 2 clinical problems (range 0–10), three care problems (range 0–10) and 48% had dementia. Their medical consumption amounted to a mean of 8.4 prescriptions including 7.1 for chronic treatment. Mean expenditure per month for chronic medication was 140 EUR (SD 125), including 53 EUR out‐of‐pocket payment.This study confirmed that multiple comorbidity was associated with polypharmacy. After peaking in the seventh decade, medical consumption decreased in older age groups. In palliative care, the number of prescriptions decreased while expenditure increased. A marked decrease in prescriptions, particularly of pain‐relieving medication, was observed with increasing dementia. Larger public institutions, with an active coordinating physician and served by hospital pharmacists, had lower consumption and expenditure.ConclusionA high level of drug utilization, influenced by the characteristics of residents and the institution, was observed in Belgian nursing homes. There is a need to develop a comprehensive monitoring system of prescribing quality for nursing home residents. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prucalopride (Resolor): new treatment for chronic constipation
Authors: Chaplin Steve , Blaker Paul , Wilkinson Mark 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPrucalopride (Resolor) is a new treatment for women with chronic constipation who have not responded to conventional laxatives. In our New products review, Steve Chaplin presents the data relating to its efficacy and adverse effects and Drs Paul Blaker and Mark Wilkinson comment on its place in the treatment of constipation. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Interface Ltd
Properties of strontium copper oxide (SCO) deposited by PLD using the 308 nm laser and formation of SCO/Si heterostructures
Authors: Louloudakis D. , Varda M. , Papadopoulou E. L. , Kayambaki M. , Tsagaraki K. , Kambilafka V. , Modreanu M. , Huyberechts G. , Aperathitis E. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe XeCl excimer laser (308 nm) was used for depositing p‐type SrCu2O2 (SCO) films by pulsed‐laser deposition (PLD) from undoped and Ba‐doped (6%) SCO targets. The SCO films were deposited at 300 °C on glass and p‐type Si substrates, while the oxygen pressure was kept constant at 5 × 10−2 Pa and their properties were investigated just after deposition and after annealing at 330 °C in forming gas. The films were amorphous just after deposition but became stoichiometric SrCu2O2 polycrystalline after annealing and very resistive. The Ba‐doped SCO films showed lower transmittance than the undoped ones but for both films the transmittance increased to around 70–80% in the NIR‐IR spectrum. The optical energy gap was found to be around 3.24 eV after annealing. SCO films deposited on p‐Si exhibited rectifying properties, behaving like p−‐SCO/p‐Si heterojunctions and their I–V and C–V characteristics were examined with temperature. An explanation of the diode behaviour is attempted based on materials properties and heterodiode characteristics.
Optimal tapers for compensating losses in plasmonic waveguides
Authors: Davoyan Arthur R. , Shadrivov Ilya V. , Kivshar Yuri S. , Gramotnev Dmitri K. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe consider propagation of surface plasmon polaritons in two‐dimensional tapered slot waveguides. We derive an analytical formula for the change of the amplitude of a plasmon mode due to tapering. We show that the taper leads to the field enhancement effectively compensating the mode attenuation due to losses. We obtain numerically the shape of the optimal function of the taper that provides exact loss compensation. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Cordycepin suppresses TNF‐alpha‐induced invasion, migration and matrix metalloproteinase‐9 expression in human bladder cancer cells
Authors: Lee Eo‐Jin , Kim Wun‐Jae , Moon Sung‐Kwon 
Published: June 2010

AbstractCordycepin (3′‐deoxyadenosine), a nucleoside derivative isolated from Cordyceps militaris, reportedly has antitumor effects, but its effect on the regulation of matrix metalloproteinases‐9 (MMP‐9), which regulates invasion and migration by cancer cells, has not been clearly elucidated. Cancer cell invasion and migration was investigated using a Matrigel invasion assay and wound healing analysis in two different bladder cancer cell lines: 5637 and T‐24. The results of the present study show that TNF‐α‐induced invasion and migration of cancer cells were inhibited by cordycepin. In addition, cordycepin inhibited TNF‐α‐induced proliferation in cancer cells, independent of the apoptosis pathway. Furthermore, the TNF‐α‐induced MMP‐9 expression was suppressed by cordycepin, but MMP‐2 expression was not. The inhibited MMP‐9 expression by cordycepin was associated with a decreased promoter activity of the MMP‐9 gene. Finally, cordycepin reduced the transcriptional activity of the transcription factors, nuclear factor kappaB (NF‐βB) and activator protein‐1 (AP‐1), which were identified by gel‐shift assay as cis‐elements for TNF‐α activation of the MMP‐9 promoter in both bladder cancer cell lines. These results suggest that cordycepin maybe an effective therapeutic approach to treat bladder cancer. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new and weakly antispasmodic protoberberine alkaloid from Rhizoma Coptidis
Authors: Zhao Ming , Xian Yan‐Fang , Ip Siu‐Po , Fong Harry HS , Che Chun‐Tao 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA new protoberberine alkaloid, 3‐hydroxy‐2‐methoxy‐9,10‐methylenedioxy‐8‐oxo‐protoberberine, along with three known compounds, was isolated from Rhizoma Coptidis. The new compound displayed weak antispasmodic activity against acetylcholine‐induced contraction in isolated guinea‐pig ileum with an IC50 of 83.7 μm. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of antinociceptive, antinflammatory activities and phytochemical analysis of aerial parts ofUrtica urensL.
Authors: Marrassini Carla , Acevedo Cristina , Miño Jorge , Ferraro Graciela , Gorzalczany Susana 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe antinociceptive and antiinflammatory activities of the ethanol extract of the aerial part ofUrtica urenswere determined by experimental animal models.U. urensextract was found to possess significant antinociceptive activity in chemically induced mouse pain models (ED5039.3 mg/kg: 17.2–74.5 mg/kg) in the writhing test and 62.8% inhibition of the licking time in the late phase of the formalin test at a dose of 500 mg/kg p.o. and antiinflammatory activity on carrageenan‐induced rat hind paw edema (41.5% inhibition at a dose of 300 mg/kg i.p.). The extract displayed activity neither in the thermal model of pain nor in the topical inflammation model. The major component of the extract was determined as chlorogenic acid (670 mg/1000 g dry weight) and could be partly responsible for this activity. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Berberis vulgaris root bark extract prevents hyperoxaluria induced urolithiasis in rats
Authors: Bashir Samra , Gilani Anwar H. , Siddiqui Anwar A. , Pervez Shahid , Khan Saeed R. , Sarfaraz Noor Jehan , Shah Abdul Jabbar 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBerberis vulgaris is a widely used plant for the treatment of urolithiasis. To evaluate its antiurolithic potential, the crude aqueous‐methanol extract of Berberis vulgaris root bark (Bv.Cr) was tested in an animal model of urolithiasis, developed in male Wistar rats by adding 0.75% ethylene glycol in drinking water. Bv.Cr (50 mg/kg) inhibited CaOx crystal deposition in renal tubules and protected against associated changes including polyuria, weight loss, impaired renal function and the development of oxidative stress in kidneys. Activity‐guided fractionation revealed the concentration of antiurolithic constituent(s) mainly in the aqueous fraction. These data, indicating the presence of antiurolithic activity in Berberis vulgaris root bark, rationalize its medicinal use for the treatment of urolithiasis. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gleditsia sinensis thorn extract inhibits human colon cancer cells: the role of ERK1/2, G2/M‐phase cell cycle arrest and p53 expression
Authors: Lee Se‐Jung , Park Keerang , Ha Sang‐Do , Kim Wun‐Jae , Moon Sung‐Kwon 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe thorns of Gleditsia sinensis are used as a medicinal herb in China and Korea. However, the mechanisms responsible for the antitumor effects of the water extract of Gleditsia sinensis thorns (WEGS) remain unknown. HCT116 cells treated with the WEGS at a dose of 800 μg/mL (IC50) showed a significant decrease in cell growth and an increase in cell cycle arrest during the G2/M‐phase. G2/M‐phase arrest was correlated with increased p53 levels and down‐regulation of the check‐point proteins, cyclinB1, Cdc2 and Cdc25c. In addition, treatment with WEGS induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK), p38 MAP kinase and JNK (c‐Jun N‐terminal kinases). Moreover, inhibition of ERK by treatment of cells with the ERK‐specific inhibitor PD98059 blocked WEGS‐mediated p53 expression. Similarly, blockage of ERK function in the WEGS‐treated cells reversed cell‐growth inhibition and decreased cell cycle proteins. Finally, in vivo WEGS treatment significantly inhibited the growth of HCT116 tumor cell xenografts in nude mice with no negative side effects, including loss of body weight. These results describe the molecular mechanisms whereby the WEGS might inhibit proliferation of colon cancer both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that WEGS has potential as an anticancer agent for the treatment of malignancies. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rhus chinensisandGalla Chinensis– folklore to modern evidence: review
Authors: Djakpo Odilon , Yao Weirong 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe speciesRhus chinensisMill. (Anacardiaceae) is an important representative of the genusRhus, which contains over 250 individual species found in temperate and tropical regions worldwide.Rhus chinensishas long been used by folk medicine practitioners in Asia. Leaves, roots, stem, bark, fruit and particularly the galls onRhus chinensisleaves,Galla chinensis, are recognized to have preventative and therapeutic effects on different ailments (such as diarrhea, dysentery, rectal and intestinal cancer, diabetes mellitus, sepsis, oral diseases and inflammation). However, it is critical to separate evidence from anecdote. Fortunately, recent scientific research has revealed thatRhus chinensiscompounds possess strong antiviral, antibacterial, anticancer, hepatoprotective, antidiarrheal and antioxidant activities. Moreover, compounds isolated from the stem ofRhus chinensissignificantly suppressed HIV‐1 activityin vitro. Compounds from this plant were also found to inhibit enamel demineralizationin vitroand enhance remineralization of dental enamel with fluoride. This review highlights claims from traditional and tribal medicinal lore and makes a contemporary summary of phytochemical, biological and pharmacological findings on this plant material. It aims to show that the pharmaceutical potential of this plant deserves closer attention. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Paullinia cupana Mart. var. sorbilis, guarana, increases survival of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) bearing mice by decreasing cyclin‐D1 expression and inducing a G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in EAC cells
Authors: Fukumasu Heidge , Latorre Andreia Oliveira , Zaidan‐Dagli Maria Lucia 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe objective of this work is to report the antiproliferative effect of P. cupana treatment in Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC)‐bearing animals. Female mice were treated with three doses of powdered P. cupana (100, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg) for 7 days, injected with 105 EAC cells and treated up to day 21. In addition, a survival experiment was carried out with the same protocol. P. cupana decreased the ascites volume (p = 0.0120), cell number (p = 0.0004) and hemorrhage (p = 0.0054). This occurred through a G1‐phase arrest (p < 0.01) induced by a decreased gene expression of Cyclin D1 in EAC cells. Furthermore, P. cupana significantly increased the survival of EAC‐bearing animals (p = 0.0012). In conclusion, the P. cupana growth control effect in this model was correlated with a decreased expression of cyclin D1 and a G1 phase arrest. These results reinforce the cancer therapeutic potential of this Brazilian plant. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interactions within the alcohol dehydrogenase Zn(II)‐metalloenzyme active site: Interplay between subvalence, electron correlation/dispersion, and charge transfer/induction effects
Authors: de Courcy Benoît , Dognon Jean‐Pierre , Clavaguéra Carine , Gresh Nohad , Piquemal Jean‐Philip 
Published: June 2010

AbstractFollowing our preceding works (de Courcy et al. J Chem Theo Comput 2008, 4, 1659; de Courcy, et al. Interdiscip Sci Comput Life Sci 2009, 1, 55), we have studied by quantum chemistry a model of the alcohol dehydrogenase Zn‐metalloenzyme (ADH) binding site. Using several interpretative techniques such as the topological analysis of the electron localization function (ELF) and quantum theory of atoms in molecules combined with energy decomposition analysis schemes, we have analyzed the physical origin of the interactions occurring in this site, which is stabilized by an indirect cation‐π interaction. While polarization effects are important for the metal, which is able to adapt its outer‐shell density (the so‐called subvalence domains) to its ligands, they do not play a key role in the overall interaction of the system that is dominated by dispersion. The ELF analysis shows that only minor charge transfer phenomena are observed between the constitutive fragments of the system. From a methodological standpoint, density functional theory functionals appear unable to handle the system whereas dispersion‐corrected methods (DFT‐D) perform significantly better, giving reasonable answers as compared with post‐Hartree‐Fock methods. The stabilization energy brought by the presence of Phe93 to the active binding site of ADH is about −3 kcal/mol. The importance of accounting for basis set superposition error is also emphasized. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011