bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia who achieve complete remission after 1 or 2 cycles of induction have a similar prognosis
Authors: Rowe Jacob M. , Kim Haesook T. , Cassileth Peter A. , Lazarus Hillard M. , Litzow Mark R. , Wiernik Peter H. , Tallman Martin S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) often have residual leukemia in the bone marrow 10 to 14 days after the start of induction therapy. Some cooperative groups administer a second cycle of similar induction therapy on Day 14 if there is residual leukemia. It is a common perception that the presence of residual leukemia at that point predicts a worse prognosis irrespective of the therapy received. The objective of this study was to determine whether patients who required a second cycle of induction (given on or about Day 14) to achieve complete remission (CR) had a worse prognosis than patients who achieved CR after only 1 cycle, because a worse prognosis may alter postremission therapy.METHODS:Patients who were enrolled on 6 consecutive studies for AML that were conducted by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) between 1983 to 1993 received induction therapy. If residual leukemia was present in the bone marrow on the Day 14 after the start of induction, then patients were to receive a second cycle of identical induction therapy. All patients who achieved CR after 1 or 2 cycles received the identical postremission therapy.RESULTS:In each of the 6 ECOG studies, the long‐term outcome was similar for patients who required 1 or 2 cycles of induction therapy to achieve CR, and their outcome was independent of other prognostic variables, such as age or karyotype.CONCLUSIONS:The presence of residual leukemia in bone marrow 10 to 14 days after induction therapy did not predict a worse prognosis if patients received second, similar cycle of induction therapy and achieved CR. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Racial disparities in colorectal cancer survival
Authors: White Arica , Vernon Sally W. , Franzini Luisa , Du Xianglin L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Racial/ethnic differences in colorectal cancer (CRC) survival have been documented throughout the literature. However, the reasons for these disparities are difficult to decipher. The objective of this analysis was to determine the extent to which racial/ethnic disparities in survival are explained by differences in sociodemographics, tumor characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and hospital characteristics.METHODS:A cohort of 37,769 Medicare beneficiaries who were diagnosed with American Joint Committee on Cancer stages I, II, and III CRC from 1992 to 2002 and resided in 16 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) regions of the United States was identified in the SEER‐Medicare linked database. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan‐Meier method. Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of mortality and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).RESULTS:Black patients had worse CRC‐specific survival than white patients, but the difference was reduced after adjustment (adjusted HR [aHR], 1.24; 95% CI, 1.14‐1.35). Asian patients had better survival than white patients after adjusting for covariates (aHR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.70‐0.92) for stages I, II, and III CRC. Relative to Asians, blacks and whites had worse survival after adjustment (blacks: aHR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.33‐1.82; whites: aHR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.10‐1.44). Comorbidities and socioeconomic Status were associated with a reduction in the mortality difference between blacks and whites and blacks and Asians.CONCLUSIONS:Comorbidities and SES appeared to be more important factors contributing to poorer survival among black patients relative to white and Asian patients. However, racial/ethnic differences in CRC survival were not fully explained by differences in several factors. Future research should further examine the role of quality of care and the benefits of treatment and post‐treatment surveillance in survival disparities. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Childhood cancer mortality in America, Asia, and Oceania, 1970 through 2007
Authors: Chatenoud Liliane , Bertuccio Paola , Bosetti Cristina , Levi Fabio , Negri Eva , La Vecchia Carlo 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Over the last 4 decades, childhood cancer mortality declined in most developed areas of the world. However, scant information is available from middle‐income and developing countries. The authors analyzed and compared patterns in childhood cancer mortality in 24 developed and middle‐income countries in America, Asia, and Oceania between 1970 and 2007.METHODS:Childhood age‐standardized annual mortality rates were derived from the World Health Organization (WHO) database for all neoplasms, bone and kidney cancer, non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), and leukemias.RESULTS:Since 1970, rates for all childhood cancers dropped from approximately 8 per 100,000 boys to 3 per 100,000 boys and from 6 per 100,000 girls to 2 per 100,000 girls in North America and Japan. Latin American countries registered rates of approximately 5 per 100,000 boys and 4 per 100,000 girls for 2005 through 2007, similar to the rates registered in more developed areas in the early 1980s. Similar patterns were observed for leukemias, for which the mortality rates were 0.81 per 100,000 boys and 0.55 per 100,000 girls in North America, 0.86 per 100,000 boys and 0.68 per 100,000 girls in Japan, and 1.98 per 100,000 boys and 1.65 per 100,000 girls in Latin America for 2005 through 2007. Bone cancer rates for 2005 through 2007 were approximately 2‐fold higher in Argentina than in the United States. During the same period, Mexico registered the highest rate for kidney cancer and Colombia registered the highest rate for NHL, whereas the lowest rates were registered by Japan for kidney and by Japan and the United States for NHL.CONCLUSIONS:Improvements in the adoption of current integrated treatment protocols in Latin American and other lower‐ and middle‐income countries worldwide would avoid a substantial proportion of childhood cancer deaths. Cancer 2010;. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Size‐Tunable Micron‐Bubbles Based on Fluorous–Fluorous Interactions of Perfluorinated Dendritic Polyglycerols
Authors: Zieringer Maximilian , Garcia‐Bernabé Abel , Costisella Burkhard , Glatz Heiko , Bannwarth Willi , Haag Rainer 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper describes the behavior of various generations of polyglycerol dendrimers that contain a perfluorinated shell. The aggregation in organic solvents is based on supramolecular fluorous–fluorous interactions, which can be described by means of 19F NMR spectroscopy. In order to study the interaction and aggregation phenomena of dendrimers with perfluorinated shell and perfluoro‐tagged guest molecules we investigated [G3.5]‐dendrimer with a perfluorinated shell in the presence of perfluoro‐tagged disperse red. Noteworthy, the interaction intensities varied in an unexpected manner depending on the equivalents of perfluoro‐tagged guest molecules added to the dendrimers in solution which then formed supramolecular complexes based on fluorous–fluorous interactions. We found that these complexes aggregated around residual air in the solvent to form stable micron‐sized bubbles. Their sizes correlated with the interaction intensities measured for certain dendrimer–guest molecule ratios. Degassing of the solutions led to a quasi phase separation between organic and fluorous phase, whereby the dendrimers formed the fluorous phases. Regassing the sample with air afforded bubbles of the initial size again.
Charge Transport in Redox Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Films: The Dramatic Effects of Outmost Layer and Solution Ionic Strength
Authors: Tagliazucchi Mario , Calvo Ernesto J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe redox switching kinetics, that is, charge transfer and transport in layer‐by‐layer‐deposited electroactive polyelectrolyte multilayers is systematically studied with variable‐scan‐rate cyclic voltammetry. The experiments are performed with films finished in the redox polycation (an osmium pyridine–bipyridine derivatized polyallylamine, PAH‐Os) and the polyanion (polyvinyl sulfonate, PVS), in solutions of different electrolyte concentrations. A modified diffusion model is developed to account for the experimentally observed dependence of the average peak potential with the scan rate. This model is able to describe both the redox peak potential and the current, providing information on the electron‐transfer rate constants and the diffusion coefficient for the electron‐hopping mechanism. While the former does not vary with the ionic strength or the nature of the outmost layer, polyanion‐capped films present an electron‐hopping diffusion coefficient at low ionic strength that is three orders of magnitude smaller than that for PAH‐Os‐capped films. The effect is offset at high ionic strength. We discuss the possible causes of the effect and the important consequences for electrochemical devices built by layer‐by‐layer self‐assembly, such as amperometric biosensors or electrochromic devices.
Preparation of nanocrystalline lithium niobate powders at low temperature
Authors: Su Ting Ting , Jiang Heng , Gong Hong , Zhai Yu Chun 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA facile route to prepare lithium niobate (LiNbO3) powders was proposed by an alternative solid‐state method. Stoichiometric Li2C2O4 and ammonium niobium oxalate were mixed with small amounts of water and then dried at room temperature. It was demonstrated that Li[NbO(C2O4)2]·n H2O intermediate was produced by an ion‐exchange reaction. Pure LiNbO3 powders were successfully synthesized by heating the intermediate at 500, 600 and 700 °C for 3 h. X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, UV‐Vis diffuse reflectance (UV‐Vis) spectroscopy and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis were used to characterize the precursor compound and as‐prepared samples. XRD results reveal that all the products are identified as hexagonal structure with high relative crystallinity (>87%). The particle size is found to be about 40 nm for the mixture calcined at 500 °C according to XRD data, which is in good agreement with SEM data. The as‐prepared LiNbO3 powders by this method are high quality according to FTIR spectra. (Li0.996Nb0.005)Nb0.999O3 phase was formed when the calcination temperature was raised to 800 °C. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Influence of mixing and solid concentration on sodium bicarbonate secondary nucleation rate in stirred tank
Authors: Wylock C. , Gutierrez V. , Debaste F. , Cartage T. , Delplancke‐Ogletree M.‐P. , Haut B. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis work aims to investigate the influence of the solid concentration in suspension on the contact secondary nucleation rate of sodium bicarbonate crystallization in a stirred tank crystallizer and to show the necessity of a local description of the mixing for a nucleation rate influence study. Experiments and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are realized. Crystallization kinetic parameters are extracted from experimental data using a mass distribution fitting approach. CFD and the experimental results allow identifying that a mixing property correlated with the measurements of the secondary nucleation rate in the stirred tank crystallizer appears to be the turbulent dissipation rate on the edge of the impeller. Its influence and the influence of the solid concentration in the suspension on the secondary nucleation rate are estimated by the evaluation of their exponents in a kinetic law. The obtained exponent values are then discussed qualitatively. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A low‐voltage band‐gap reference circuit with second‐order analyses
Authors: Liang Chao‐Jui , Chung Chiu‐Chiao , Lin Hongchin 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA new band‐gap reference (BGR) circuit employing sub‐threshold current is proposed for low‐voltage operations. By employing the fraction of VBEand the sub‐threshold current source, the proposed BGR circuit with chip area of 0.029mm2was fabricated in the standard 0.18µm CMOS triple‐well technology. It generates reference voltage of 170 mV with power consumption of 2.4µWat supply voltage of 1 V. The agreement between simulation and measurement shows that the variations of reference voltage are 1.3 mV for temperatures from −20 to 100∘C, and 1.1 mV per volt for supply voltage from 0.95 to 2.5 V, respectively. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Specific grasp characteristics of children with trisomy 21
Authors: Jover Marianne , Ayoun Catherine , Berton Catherine , Carlier Michèle 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChildren with trisomy 21 display atypical manual skills that change to some extent during development. We examined grasp characteristics and their development in 35 children with trisomy 21, aged 4–18 years, who performed simple manual tasks (two manual tasks of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children, and grasping of five wooden blocks whose size was determined by their hand size). The age‐matched comparison group included 35 typically developing children. Children with trisomy 21 were found to use fewer fingers than children in the comparison group in each task. They also used specific grasps and tended to extend fingers that were not involved in the grip. While some specific grasp characteristics of children with trisomy 21 decreased with age, other did not, and remained present throughout development. The perceptual‐motor development of children with trisomy 21 should be analyzed in terms of atypical development rather than developmental delay. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 52: 782–793, 2010.
Ephrin‐B2 elicits differential growth cone collapse and axon retraction in retinal ganglion cells from distinct retinal regions
Authors: Petros Timothy J. , Bryson J. Barney , Mason Carol 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe circuit for binocular vision and stereopsis is established at the optic chiasm, where retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons diverge into the ipsilateral and contralateral optic tracts. In the mouse retina, ventrotemporal (VT) RGCs express the guidance receptor EphB1, which interacts with the repulsive guidance cue ephrin‐B2 on radial glia at the optic chiasm to direct VT RGC axons ipsilaterally. RGCs in the ventral retina also express EphB2, which interacts with ephrin‐B2, whereas dorsal RGCs express low levels of EphB receptors. To investigate how growth cones of RGCs from different retinal regions respond upon initial contact with ephrin‐B2, we utilized time‐lapse imaging to characterize the effects of ephrin‐B2 on growth cone collapse and axon retraction in real time. We demonstrate that bath application of ephrin‐B2 induces rapid and sustained growth cone collapse and axon retraction in VT RGC axons, whereas contralaterally‐projecting dorsotemporal RGCs display moderate growth cone collapse and little axon retraction. Dose response curves reveal that contralaterally‐projecting ventronasal axons are less sensitive to ephrin‐B2 treatment compared to VT axons. Additionally, we uncovered a specific role for Rho kinase signaling in the retraction of VT RGC axons but not in growth cone collapse. The detailed characterization of growth cone behavior in this study comprises an assay for the study of Eph signaling in RGCs, and provides insight into the phenomena of growth cone collapse and axon retraction in general. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 70: 781–794, 2010
IL‐2 is positively involved in the development of colitogenic CD4+ IL‐7Rαhigh memory T cells in chronic colitis
Authors: Kameyama Kaori , Nemoto Yasuhiro , Kanai Takanori , Shinohara Tamako , Okamoto Ryuichi , Tsuchiya Kiichiro , Nakamura Tetsuya , Sakamoto Naoya , Totsuka Teruji , Hibi Toshifumi , Watanabe Mamoru 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIL‐2 and IL‐7 share a common γ‐chain receptor and are critical for T‐cell homeostasis. We aimed to clarify the reciprocal roles of IL‐2 and IL‐7 in the development and persistence of chronic colitis. We performed a series of adoptive transfers of IL‐2−/− CD4+CD45RBhigh T cells into RAG‐2−/− mice and assessed the role of IL‐2 in the induction of IL‐7Rα on colitogenic CD4+ T cells and the development of chronic colitis. RAG‐2−/− mice transferred with WT but not with IL‐2−/− CD4+CD45RBhigh T cells developed Th1/Th17‐mediated colitis. Consistently, re‐expression of IL‐7Rα was severely impaired on IL‐2−/− but not on WT CD4+ T cells from the transferred mice. To exclude a contribution of the preclinical autoimmunity of IL‐2−/−mice, WT Ly5.1+ or IL‐2−/− Ly5.2+ CD4+CD45RBhigh T cells from GFP mice previously transplanted with the same number of WT and IL‐2−/− BM cells were transferred into RAG‐2−/− mice. RAG‐2−/− mice transferred with IL‐2−/−‐derived CD4+CD45RBhigh T cells did not develop colitis, but their splenic CD4+ T cells changed from effector‐memory to central‐memory type. These results show that IL‐2 is critically involved in the establishment and maintenance of IL‐7‐dependent colitogenic memory CD4+IL‐7Rαhigh T cells.
Estrogen increases, whereas IL‐27 and IFN‐γ decrease, splenocyte IL‐17 production in WT mice
Authors: Khan Deena , Dai Rujuan , Karpuzoglu Ebru , Ahmed Sattar Ansar 
Published: July 2010

AbstractEstrogen‐mediated regulation of Th1, Th2 and Treg effector functions are well documented but, surprisingly, there is little information whether estrogen modulates IL‐17, a powerful proinflammatory cytokine that plays a pivotal role in several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Therefore in the current study, we determined whether estrogen regulates the expression levels of IL‐17 in WT C57BL/6 mice. By ELISA, ELISPOT and/or flow cytometric analyses, we found that estrogen upregulated the levels of not only IL‐17, but also the IL‐17‐specific transcription factor retinoic acid‐related orphan receptor γ t (RORγt), in activated splenocytes. IL‐17 levels were further enhanced by exposure of activated splenocytes to IL‐23, particularly in cells from estrogen‐treated mice. Exposure of splenocytes to IL‐27 or IFN‐γ at the time of activation markedly inhibited the levels of IL‐17 and RORγt. Interestingly, a delay of 24 h in exposure of activated splenocytes to IL‐27 or IFN‐γ decreased IL‐17 levels (albeit less profoundly) but not RORγt. These findings imply that the suppressive effects of IL‐27 and IFN‐γ are more effective prior to the differentiation and commitment of IL‐17‐secreting cells. Furthermore, inhibition of JAK‐2 by AG490 suppressed IL‐17 but not RORγt expression, suggesting that other transcription factors are also critical in estrogen‐mediated upregulation of IL‐17.
Dichotomy between factors inducing the immunosuppressive enzyme IL‐4‐induced gene 1 (IL4I1) in B lymphocytes and mononuclear phagocytes
Authors: Marquet Jeanine , Lasoudris Fanette , Cousin Céline , Puiffe Marie‐Line , Martin‐Garcia Nadine , Baud Véronique , Chereau Fanny , Farcet Jean‐Pierre , Molinier‐Frenkel Valérie , Castellano Flavia 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMΦ and DC are key elements in the control of tissue homeostasis and response to insult. In this work, we demonstrate that MΦ and DC are the major producers of the phenylalanine catabolizing enzyme IL‐4‐induced gene 1 (IL4I1) under inflammatory conditions. IL4I1 was first described in B cells, which indeed can produce IL4I1 in vitro, although at much lower levels. In vivo, IL4I1 is highly expressed by MΦ and DC of Th1 granulomas (sarcoidosis, tuberculosis) but poorly detected in Th2 granulomas (schistosomiasis). In vitro, expression of the enzyme is induced in mononuclear phagocytes by various pro‐inflammatory stimuli through the activation of the transcription factors NF‐κB and/or STAT1. B cells also express IL4I1 in response to NF‐κB‐activating stimuli such as CD40L; however, in contrast to myeloid cells, B cells are insensitive to IFN‐γ but respond to stimulation of the IL‐4/STAT6 axis. As we show that the expression of IL4I1 by a monocytic cell line inhibits T‐cell proliferation and production of IFN‐γ and inflammatory cytokines, we propose that IL4I1 participates in the downregulation of Th1 inflammation in vivo.
Commensal microflora and interferon‐γ promote steady‐state interleukin‐7 production in vivo
Authors: Shalapour Shabnam , Deiser Katrin , Sercan Özen , Tuckermann Jan , Minnich Kerstin , Willimsky Gerald , Blankenstein Thomas , Hämmerling Günter J. , Arnold Bernd , Schüler Thomas 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIL‐7 is a major regulator of lymphocyte homeostasis; however, little is known about the mechanisms that regulate IL‐7 production. To study Il7 gene regulation in vivo, we generated a novel IL‐7‐reporter mouse, which allows the non‐invasive quantification of Il7 gene activity in live mice and, additionally, the simultaneous activation/inactivation of target genes in IL‐7‐producing cells. With these IL‐7‐reporter mice, we identify thymus, skin and intestine as major sources of IL‐7 in vivo. Importantly, we show that IFN‐γ and the commensal microflora promote steady‐state IL‐7 production in the intestine. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the blockade of IFN‐γ signaling in intestinal epithelial cells strongly reduces their IFN‐γ‐driven IL‐7 production. In summary, our data suggest a feedback loop in which commensal bacteria drive IFN‐γ production by lymphocytes, which in turn promotes epithelial cell IL‐7 production and the survival of IL‐7‐dependent lymphocytes.
Tumor expression of CD200 inhibits IL‐10 production by tumor‐associated myeloid cells and prevents tumor immune evasion of CTL therapy
Authors: Wang Lixin , Liu Jin‐Qing , Talebian Fatemeh , El‐Omrani Hani Y. , Khattabi Mazin , Yu Li , Bai Xue‐Feng 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCD200 is a cell‐surface glycoprotein that functions through interaction with the CD200 receptor on myeloid lineage cells to regulate myeloid cell functions. Expression of CD200 has been implicated in multiple types of human cancer; however, the impact of tumor expression of CD200 on tumor immunity remains poorly understood. To evaluate this issue, we generated CD200‐positive mouse plasmacytoma J558 and mastocytoma P815 cells. We found that established CD200‐positive tumors were often completely rejected by adoptively transferred CTL without tumor recurrence; in contrast, CD200‐negative tumors were initially rejected by adoptively transferred CTL but the majority of tumors recurred. Tumor expression of CD200 significantly inhibited suppressive activity and IL‐10 production by tumor‐associated myeloid cells (TAMC), and as a result, more CTL accumulated in the tumor and exhibited a greater capacity to produce IFN‐γ in CD200‐positive tumors than in CD200‐negative tumors. Neutralization of IL‐10 significantly inhibited the suppressor activity of TAMC, and IL‐10‐deficiency allowed TAMC to kill cancer cells and their antigenic variants, which prevented tumor recurrence during CTL therapy. Thus, tumor expression of CD200 prevents tumor recurrence via inhibiting IL‐10 production by TAMC.