bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mutations of PsPALM1a and PsPALM1b associated with the afila phenotype in Pea
Authors: Yuan Zhuo , Xie Xiaoting , liu Mingli , He Yexin , He Liangliang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSemi‐leafless represents an advantageous plant architecture in pea breeding due to its ability to enhance resistance to lodging and potentially to powdery mildew. The introduction of semi‐leafless pea varieties is considered a seminal advancement in pea breeding over the past half‐century. The afila (af) mutation leads to the replacement of lateral leaflets by highly branched tendrils; combined with the semi‐dwarfing le mutation, it forms the semi‐leafless cultivated variety. In this study, we identified that mutations in two tandemly‐arrayed genes encoding Cys(2)His(2) zinc finger transcription factors, PsPALM1a and PsPALM1b, were closely associated with the afila phenotype. These two genes may be deleted in the af mutant. In situ hybridization showed that both genes exhibit specific expression in early leaflet primordia. Furthermore, suppression of PsPALM1a/PsPALM1b resulted in a high frequency of conversion of lateral leaflets into tendrils. In conclusion, our study provides genetic evidence demonstrating that mutations in PsPALM1a and PsPALM1b are responsible for the af locus, contributing to a better understanding of compound leaf formation in peas and offering new insights for breeding applications related to afila.
Experiences with and unmet needs for medication abortion support: A qualitative study with US abortion support providers
Authors: Seymour Jane W. , Ruggiero Samantha , Ranker Lynsie , Thompson Terri‐Ann 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionQuality abortion care must be person‐centered. Although academic literature has focused on full‐spectrum and abortion doulas supporting instrumentation abortion (also referred to as procedural abortion) clients, clients undergoing medication abortion remain understudied and may have unique needs. We aimed to understand United States (US) abortion support providers' perceptions of medication abortion clients' support needs by exploring which needs they address, which needs remain unmet, and how remote support provision might help address client needs.MethodologyBetween April and October 2018, we conducted 60‐ to 90‐min semi‐structured, in‐depth interviews by telephone with medication abortion support providers. The interviews focused on their experiences providing support to medication abortion clients in the US. We used a deductive thematic analysis approach.ResultsWe interviewed 16 abortion support providers affiliated with nine US‐based organizations. Six participants provided in‐person support to medication abortion clients, five provided remote support, and five provided both remote and in‐person support. Both in‐person and remote providers described offering support that addressed clients' informational, emotional, physical, spiritual, and logistical needs. Through participant narratives, we identified interwoven benefits and challenges to remote support care provision. Participants highlighted that most medication abortion clients did not have a support provider.DiscussionParticipants revealed that abortion support providers, including remote support providers, can be a critical component of high‐quality abortion care provision. More work is needed to ensure all abortion clients have access to support services as the abortion landscape in the US continues to evolve.
Lost in the pandemic: COVID‐19's impact on health professions educators
Authors: Newman Lori R. , Nagler Alisa , Rudd Mariah , Blanchard Rebecca D. , Whicker Shari A. , Winn Ariel S. , Cohen Amy P. , Parry Gareth , Leichtner Alan M. , Kesselheim Jennifer C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundMinimal research has explored the pandemic's impact on health professions educators (HPEs). Given that health professions educator academies provide centralised support and professional development to HPEs through communities of practice and promoting education at their institutions, it is important to examine how academies met HPEs' needs during the pandemic. This study investigates the COVID‐19 pandemic's effects on HPEs and examines how academies supported HPEs' educational roles during the pandemic.MethodsUsing a mixed‐methods approach, the authors surveyed United States educator academy members on changes in HPEs' activities, emphasising clinical and educational tasks and work–life integration. Participants shared their academies' innovations and support responses. Data were analysed using chi‐square and content analyses.FindingsTwenty percent of 2784 recipients (n = 559) completed the survey. Most respondents indicated the pandemic caused them to spend more time on clinical and education leadership/administration than before the pandemic. HPEs integrated innovative instructional strategies, yet many shifted away from teaching, mentoring and scholarship. Over half were dissatisfied with work–life integration during the pandemic. Females, especially, reported that professional work was compromised by personal caregiving. Academies increased their range of member services; however, they did not fully meet their members' needs, including providing expanded professional development and advocating on HPE's behalf for increased protected time dedicated to educator responsibilities.DiscussionHPEs faced unprecedented challenges in their personal and professional lives during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Neglecting the needs of HPEs amidst global crises poses a substantial threat to the quality of education for upcoming generations of health care professionals.
Cost analysis of care and blood transfusions in patients with Major Obstetric Haemorrhage in Ireland
Authors: Lutfi Ahmed , McElroy Brendan , Greene Richard A. , Higgins John R. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesObstetric haemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. We aimed to estimate the economic cost of Major Obstetric Haemorrhage (MOH) and the cost of therapeutic blood components used in the management of MOH in Ireland.Materials and MethodsWe performed a nationwide cross‐sectional study utilising top‐down and bottom‐up costing methods on women who experienced MOH during the years 2011–2013. Women with MOH were allocated to Diagnostic Related Groups (DRGs) based on the approach to MOH management (MOH group). The total number of blood components used for MOH treatment and the corresponding costs were recorded. A control group representative of a MOH‐free maternity population was designed with predicted costs. All costs were expressed in Euro (€) using 2022 prices and the incremental cost of MOH to maternity costs was calculated. Cost contributions are expressed as percentages from the estimated total cost.ResultsA total of 447 MOH cases were suitable for sorting into DRGs. The estimated total cost of managing women who experienced MOH is approximately €3.2 million. The incremental cost of MOH is estimated as €1.87 million. The estimated total cost of blood components used in MOH management was €1.08 million and was based on an estimated total of 3997 products transfused. Red blood cell transfusions accounted for the highest contribution (20.22%) to MOH total cost estimates compared to other blood components.ConclusionsThe total cost of caring for women with MOH in Ireland was approximately €3.2 million with blood component transfusions accounting for between one third and one half of the cost.
Lipidomic changes occurring in platelets during extended cold storage
Authors: Green Sarah M. , Padula Matthew P. , Dodgen Tyren M. , Batarseh Amani , Marks Denese C. , Johnson Lacey 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectivesCold storage is being implemented as an alternative to conventional room‐temperature storage for extending the shelf‐life of platelet components beyond 5–7 days. The aim of this study was to characterise the lipid profile of platelets stored under standard room‐temperature or cold (refrigerated) conditions.MethodsMatched apheresis derived platelet components in 60% PAS‐E/40% plasma (n = 8) were stored at room‐temperature (20–24°C with agitation) or in the cold (2–6°C without agitation). Platelets were sampled on day 1, 5 and 14. The lipidome was assessed by ultra‐pressure liquid chromatography ion mobility quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC IMS QToF). Changes in bioactive lipid mediators were measured by ELISA.ResultsThe total phospholipid and sphingolipid content of the platelets and supernatant were 44 544 ± 2915 μg/mL and 38 990 ± 10 880 μg/mL, respectively, and was similar over 14 days, regardless of storage temperature. The proportion of the procoagulant lipids, phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), increased by 2.7% and 12.2%, respectively, during extended cold storage. Cold storage for 14 days increased sphingomyelin (SM) by 4.1% and decreased ceramide by 1.6% compared to day 1. Further, lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) species remained unchanged during cold storage for 14 days. The concentration of 12‐ and 15‐hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE) were lower in the supernatant of cold‐stored platelets than room‐temperature controls stored for 14 days.ConclusionThe lipid profile of platelets was relatively unchanged during storage for 5 days, regardless of temperature. However, during extended cold storage (14 days) the proportion of the procoagulant lipids, PS and PE, increased, while LPC and bioactive lipids were stable.
Numerical Analysis of Non-Fourier Model-Based Bio-Heat Transfer in the Laser-Irradiated Axisymmetric Living Tissue
Authors: Kishore Pankaj , Kumar Sumit 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The current work is related to the numerical investigation of non-Fourier heat transfer inside the short-pulsed laser-irradiated axisymmetric soft tissue phantom. It utilizes the modified discrete ordinate method (DOM) to solve the transient radiative transfer equation (TRTE) for determining the intensity field. The laser energy absorbed by the soft tissue phantom behaves like a source in the Fourier/non-Fourier heat conduction model based-bioheat transfer equation (BHTE), which is solved by employing the finite volume method (FVM) to determine the temperature distribution. Despite the prevalent use of non-Fourier BHTE for this purpose, a second law analysis is considered crucial to detect any potential anomalies. Equilibrium entropy production rates (EPR) are initially computed based on classical irreversible thermodynamics (CIT), which may yield negative values, possibly contravening the second law. Consequently, the EPR based on CIT is adjusted using the extended irreversible thermodynamics (EIT) hypothesis to ensure positivity. After that, the current research findings are compared with the results from the literature, and found good agreement between them. Then, the independent study is performed to select the optimum grid size, control angle size, and time-step. A comparative analysis of results between the traditional Fourier and non-Fourier models has been performed. The impact of different parameters on the temperature fields and EPRs is discussed. The effect of the optical properties of the inhomogeneity on the temperature distribution has been investigated. This study may help to enhance the effectiveness of the laser-based photothermal therapy (PTT).
Simulation and Experiments on Sealing and Extrusion Failure on Application of Deep-Sea Adsorption by Differential Pressure
Authors: Sun Shirui , Zou Yutang , Zhang Zengmeng , Yang Yuhang , Che Jinkai , Gong Yongjun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNegative pressure adsorption can make use of deep-sea environmental pressure to provide a great adsorption force and it is a suitable fixed method for deep-sea applications. However, the deep-sea environment puts forward higher requirements for the sealing performance of negative pressure suction cups, so a more adaptable suction cup sealing device is needed. In this paper, a deep-sea adsorption device with rigid suction cups is designed, and the suction cup is sealed by O-ring. The influence of both section diameter and inner diameter of the O-ring on its preload, suction force, and extrusion failure is tested and analyzed. Moreover, the fitting formula is given to guide the selection of the section diameter and inner diameter of the O-ring. Furthermore, according to the summary of the experimental phenomenon, dual-accumulators configuration with stage pressures method is created, and the theoretical basis that the suction cup can achieve a larger suction force under the condition of a small preload force is given, which can provide a reference for the design of deep-sea adsorption devices and sealing structure.
Design, Multi-Point Optimization, and Analysis of Diffusive Stator Vanes to Enable Turbine Integration Into Rotating Detonation Engines
Authors: Grasa Sergio , Paniagua Guillermo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Pressure gain combustion is considered a possible path toward improved thermal cycle efficiency and reduced carbon emissions. However, ad hoc turbine designs are required to maximize the thermodynamic potential; the new turbomachinery should be suited for the oscillations in flow conditions generated by the detonation combustor, which are very different from conventional gas turbines. This paper investigates the design, optimization, and analysis of diffusive stator vanes operating under large inlet flow angles in the high-subsonic regime. First, the design methodology is outlined, focusing on the geometric requirements to ingest high Mach number flow and the parametric modeling of the endwall and the 3D vane pressure and suction sides. Then, the impact of the inlet flow angle on the flow field and vane design is studied through a multi-point, multi-objective optimization with three different inlet angles, performed using steady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulations. Remarkable reductions in pressure loss and stator-induced rotor forcing are attained while maintaining an extensive operating envelope and high flow turning. Moreover, several design guidelines are provided based on the analysis of the optimized geometries. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed methodology is verified with an unsteady assessment of the baseline and optimized vane designs.
The application value of cerebrospinal fluid immunoglobulin in tuberculous meningitis
Authors: He Hua , Xu Jun , Peng Qin , Li Yang , Huang Ying , Zhang Yan-Ling , Li Xiang 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

This article aims to study the value of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immunoglobulin in differential diagnosis, prediction, and prognosis of tuberculous meningitis (TBM). The clinical data of 65 patients with TBM in our hospital were collected, and 65 patients with cryptococcal meningitis (CM) were enrolled in 1:1 matching. Relevant data were collected for comparison. CSFs IgG [331.51 (164.85, 645.00) vs 129.00 (55.05, 251.00) ng/mL], IgM [22.38 (8.52, 40.18) vs 6.08 (2.19, 23.30) ng/mL], and IgA [64.11 (21.44, 115.48) vs 16.55 (4.76, 30.36) ng/mL] in the TBM group were higher than those in the CM group (
P
< 0.001). In the TBM group, after 24 weeks of treatment, the CSFs IgG, IgM, and IgA were significantly decreased, and the difference was statistically significant (
P
< 0.05). The predictive results of CSF immunoglobulin for TBM showed that IgG, IgM, and IgA all had some predictive value for TBM, and the combined predictive value of the three was the highest, with an area under the curve of 0.831 (95% CI: 0.774–0.881). Logistic regression analysis of CSF immunoglobulins and TBM prognosis showed that IgG [odds ratio (OR) = 4.796, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.575–8.864], IgM (OR = 3.456, 95% CI: 2.757–5.754), and IgA (OR = 4.371, 95% CI: 2.731–5.856) were TBM risk factors for poor prognosis in patients. The levels of IgG, IgM, and IgA in CSF were positively correlated with the severity of cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in TBM patients (
R
2
= 0.542,
F
= 65.392,
P
< 0.05). CSFs IgG, IgM, and IgA can be used as a routine monitoring index for TBM patients, which has a certain reference value in differential diagnosis and efficacy evaluation.

IMPORTANCE
In clinical practice, physicians can determine the physical conditions of patients based on the levels of cerebrospinal fluids (CSFs) IgG, IgM, and IgA. Higher levels of CSFs IgG, IgM, and IgA suggest more possibility of tuberculous meningitis and worse prognosis and magnetic resonance imaging manifestations.
Shallow mantle cycle of subducted sedimentary limestone indicated by carbonate xenoliths
Authors: Xue Shuo , Ling Ming-Xing 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In the subduction zone, carbon (C) release from the subducted plate into the mantle wedge takes place by various mechanisms, including metamorphic degassing, carbonate dissolution, and hydrous melting. Recent studies have highlighted the significant role of buoyant limestone diapirs in facilitating C recycling during subduction processes. Here, we report that the Hannuoba carbonate xenoliths of eastern China were introduced into the shallow mantle in the form of sedimentary limestone diapirs. We conducted a comprehensive study of the Hannuoba carbonate xenoliths using petrological analysis, major- and trace-element analysis, in situ zircon dating, and C-O isotopic analysis techniques. The whole-rock major and trace elements, along with high δ18OSMOW values (22.8‰–23.2‰), indicate that the protolith of Hannuoba carbonate xenoliths consists of sedimentary limestones. The spectral age peaks of detrital zircons (400–100 Ma, 500–450 Ma, 2.0–1.6 Ga, and 2.8–2.2 Ga) suggest that the primary source of the protolith is the North China Craton. When sedimentary limestone diapirs enter into the mantle wedge, they undergo partial melting under high-temperature conditions. This process results in the melting of low-melting point pelitic components, while leaving behind resistant minerals such as pure calcite. Due to its low density and viscosity, this pure limestone component will continue to migrate upward and assimilate with the mantle peridotite. In this process, the pure calcites are preserved in the shallow mantle in a solid-state form rather than as carbonatitic melts. The discovery of graphite and spinel in the Hannuoba carbonate xenoliths indicates that the depth of formation of the sedimentary limestone diapirs does not exceed 2.5 GPa (&lt;70 km). The calcite in Hannuoba carbonate xenoliths exhibits extremely low δ13CVPDB (−11.8‰ to −11.0‰) and high δ18OSMOW (22.8‰–23.2‰) contents. This characteristic C-O isotopic signature can be explained by the Rayleigh decarbonation of sedimentary limestones under upper-mantle conditions (&lt;3 GPa). Based on calculations, the Hannuoba carbonate xenoliths are a product of subducted sedimentary limestone experiencing 99% volume decarbonation. Through this metamorphic decarbonation process, limestone diapirs release a significant amount of CO2 into the arc magma system. During subduction processes, sedimentary carbonate rocks can be recycled to the mantle wedge of island arcs as solid limestone diapirs. The C flux released by this mechanism cannot be ignored.
Scoria cone erosional degradation by incision: Different behaviors in three volcanic fields reflect environmental conditions
Authors: Zarazúa-Carbajal M.C. , Valentine G.A. , De la Cruz-Reyna S. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Alluvial processes acting on scoria cones cause the development of a drainage network composed of radially distributed rills and gullies parallel to the volcanic edifice's downslope direction. We quantify the degree of drainage network development by applying the Average Erosion Index (AEI) method to scoria cones from the arid to semi-arid Lunar Crater volcanic field (Nevada, United States) and comparing our results with previously obtained results from two tropical volcanic fields (Sierra Chichinautzin volcanic field and the Parícutin-Tancítaro region, both in central Mexico). We show that the AEI method is useful in determining geomorphic age relations when calibrated separately for each field. Furthermore, the differences in AEI results for the three studied fields indicate that the method provides a way of quantifying the effects of different alluvial erosion rates at volcanic fields across various environments, including a delay in alluvial processes on cones in arid settings that has been qualitatively inferred by previous studies.
Air Composition over the Russian Arctic: 3—Trace Gases
Authors: Antokhina O. Yu. , Antokhin P. N. , Arshinova V. G. , Arshinov M. Yu. , Ancellet G. , Belan B. D. , Belan S. B. , Davydov D. K. , Ivlev G. A. , Kozlov A. V. , Law K. , Nédélec P. , Rasskazchikova T. M. , Paris J.-D. , Savkin D. E. , Simonenkov D. V. , Sklyadneva T. K. , Tolmachev G. N. , Fofonov A. V. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract—
Based on the results of a comprehensive experiment conducted in September 2020, the spatial distribution of the following trace gases over the seas of the Russian Arctic are analyzed: carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3), nitrogen oxide and dioxide (NO and NO2), and sulfur dioxide (SO2). It is shown that the gas concentrations in the surface air layer over the seas (at an altitude of 200 m) vary in the range 18–36 ppb for O3, 60–130 ppb for CO, 0.005–0.12 ppb for NO, 0.10–1.00 ppb for NO2, and 0.06–0.80 ppb for SO2. The distribution of the gases over the water area is heterogeneous over most seas, which most likely reflects differences in their uptake by the ocean and peculiarities of transport from the continent.
Anastomosing haemangioma of adrenal gland: an unusual vascular tumour
Authors: Rewari Harshit , Wadhwa Pankaj , Talwar Harkirat , Taneja Divya 
Published: April 2024

With only 15 reported cases, anastomosing haemangioma of adrenal is a rare entity and usually presents as adrenal incidentaloma. A hypertensive, diabetic, non-smoker man in his late 60s presented with irritative voiding symptoms. On evaluation, he was found to have a urinary bladder mass and left adrenal incidentaloma measuring 8 cm. Metabolic evaluation confirmed it to be non-functional.The patient underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumour with left laparoscopic adrenalectomy. Intraoperatively, the adrenal tumour was highly vascular with multiple feeder vessels. Grossly it was soft, encapsulated with focal grey-brown areas. Microscopically, most of adrenal gland was replaced by anastomosing proliferating capillary vessels within framework of non-endothelial supporting cells reminiscent of splenic sinusoids. The tumour was positive for CD-31, CD-34, Glut-1 and SMA.Anastomosing haemangioma is a benign entity but it must be differentiated from angiosarcoma. Characteristic imaging features are not yet defined and is, therefore, difficult to diagnose preoperatively.