bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poly(alkylene Oxide) Rubbers
Authors: Hendrickson J. G. , Gurgiolo A. E. , Prescott W. E. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
A high grade rubber was made by vulcanizing copolymers of propylene oxide and allyl glycidyl ether. The crude polymer contained both crystalline and amorphous fractions. The total polymer could be sulfur cured without fractionation or removing the catalyst—a partly hydrolized ferric alkoxide, resulting from the reaction of FeCl3 with propylene oxide. Variables in the vulcanization recipe were studied, and a tensile strength of 1980 psi with 560% elongation was obtained. Improved tear and oil resistance were observed as compared with SBR rubber. Other physical properties compared favorably with commencal rubbers, except for compression set.
The Dependence of Dielectric Properties on Crosslink Density of Rubbers
Authors: Bakule R. , Havránek A. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
The dielectric properties of natural rubber, synthetic polyisoprene, andpolybutadiene samples crosslinked with sulfur and of natural rubber samplescrosslinked simultaneously with sulfur and dicumyl peroxide were studied. Inthe investigated systems, the number of polar groups in unit volume and thecrosslink density may be changed independently over relatively wide ranges.The measurements were performed in the frequency range from 101 to 105 Hzat various temperatures, and macroscopic parameters describing the dielectricproperties of the samples were evaluated. The position and intensity of thedielectric dispersion peak in the main transition zone is only slightly dependenton the crosslink density of the samples. These two values are mainly influencedby the amount of combined sulfur, or more generally, by the number and thedipole moments of polar groups in the sample. The influence of crosslink densityon the width of the absorption curve is very strong; the width increases withincreasing crosslink density. The possibility of explaining this effect in termsof the dependence of the free volume distribution function on crosslink densityis discussed.
Cancer Treatment Before and After Physician-Pharmacy Integration
Authors: Kanter Genevieve P. , Ozluk Pelin , Chi Winnie , Fisch Michael J. , Debono David , Parikh Ravi B. , Jacobson Mireille , Bekelman Justin E. , DeVries Andrea 
Published: May 2024

ImportanceIntegration of pharmacies with physician practices, also known as medically integrated dispensing, is increasing in oncology. However, little is known about how this integration affects drug use, expenditures, medication adherence, or time to treatment initiation.ObjectiveTo examine the association of physician-pharmacy integration with oral oncology drug expenditures, use, and patient-centered measures.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study used claims data from a large commercial insurer in the US to analyze changes in outcome measures among patients treated by pharmacy-integrating vs nonintegrating community oncologists in 14 states between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2019. Commercially insured patients were aged 18 to 64 years with 1 of the following advanced-stage diagnoses: breast cancer, colorectal cancer, kidney cancer, lung cancer, melanoma, or prostate cancer. Data analysis was conducted from May 2023 to March 2024.ExposureTreatment by a pharmacy-integrating oncologist, ascertained by the presence of an on-site pharmacy or nonpharmacy dispensing site.Main Outcomes and MeasuresOral, intravenous (IV), total, and out-of-pocket drug expenditures for a 6-month episode of care; share of patients prescribed oral drugs; days’ supply of oral drugs; medication adherence measured by proportion of days covered; and time to treatment initiation. The association between an oncologist’s pharmacy integration and each outcome of interest was estimated using the difference-in-differences estimator.ResultsBetween 2012 and 2019, 3159 oncologists (745 females [27.1%], 2002 males [72.9%]) treated 23 968 patients (66.4% female; 53.4% aged 55-64 years). Of the 3159 oncologists, 578 (18.3%) worked in practices that integrated with pharmacies (with a low rate in 2011 of 0% and a high rate in 2019 of 31.5%). In the full sample (including all cancer sites), after physician-pharmacy integration, no significant changes were found in oral drug expenditures, IV drug expenditures, or total drug expenditures. There was, however, an increase in days’ supply of oral drugs (5.96 days; 95% CI, 0.64-11.28 days; P = .001). There were no significant changes in out-of-pocket expenditures, medication adherence, or time to treatment initiation of oral drugs. In the breast cancer sample, there was an increase in oral drug expenditures ($244; 95% CI, $41-$446; P = .02) and a decrease in IV drug expenditures (–$4187; 95% CI, –$8293 to –$80; P = .05).Conclusions and RelevanceResults of this cohort study indicated that the integration of oncology practices with pharmacies was not associated with significant changes in expenditures or clear patient-centered benefits.
Research on the correction method for radiotherapy verification plans based on displaced electronic portal imaging device
Authors: Guo Jian , Zhou Leyuan , Zeng Haibin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundIt has been observed that under the single isocenter conditions, the potential shifts of the electronic portal imaging devices (EPID) may be introduced when executing portal dosimetry (PD) plans for bilateral breast cancer, pleural mesothelioma, and lymphoma. These shifts are relative to the calibration positions of EPID and result in significant discrepancies in the plan verification results.PurposeTo explore methods including correction model and specific correction matrices to revise the data obtained from displaced EPID.MethodsTwo methods, the correction model and the specific correction matrices, were applied to correct the data. Five experiments were designed and conducted to build correction model and to validate the effectiveness of these two methods. Gamma passing rates were calculated and data profiles along X‐axis and Y‐axis were captured.ResultsThe gamma passing rates for the EPID‐displaced IMRT validation plans after applying correction model, along with the application of specific correction matrices to VMAT and IMRT validation plans, exhibit results that are comparable to the cases with non‐displaced EPID. Except for the VMAT plans applied correction model which showed larger discrepancies (0.041 ± 0.028, 0.049 ± 0.030), the other three exhibit minimal differences in discrepancy values. In all profiles, the corrected data from displaced EPID exhibit a high level of agreement with data obtained from non‐displaced EPID. Good consistency is observed in actual application of the correction model and the specific correction matrices between gamma passing rates of data corrected and those of non‐displaced data.ConclusionsThe proposed methods involving correction model and specific correction matrices can correct the data collected from the displaced EPID, and the gamma passing rates of the corrected data show results that are comparable to some extent with those of non‐displaced data. Particularly, the results corrected by specific correction matrices closely resemble the data from non‐displaced EPID.
Outlier‐resistant state estimation for complex networks with random false data injection attacks under encoding–decoding mechanism
Authors: Liu Yufeng , Hu Jun , Jia Chaoqing , Chen Cai , Chi Kun 
Published: May 2024

SummaryThis article focuses on the outlier‐resistant state estimation problem for discrete time‐varying complex networks (TVCNs) affected by random false data injection attacks (FDIAs) under an encoding–decoding mechanism (EDM). From the perspective of information security, a uniform‐quantization‐based EDM is employed to encrypt the transmitted data. During the data transmission process, a set of independent random variables governed by Bernoulli distribution is introduced to characterize the occurrence of random FDIAs. For the purpose of alleviating the passive impact of potential measurement outliers, a saturation structure is adopted during the estimator design. The gain matrix is given by minimizing the upper bound of estimation error covariance. According to the stochastic analysis method, it is shown that the state estimation error is bounded exponentially in mean‐square sense by providing new sufficient condition. It should be noted that we make the first attempt to develop new outlier‐resistant state estimation method with performance evolution criterion in the time‐varying perspective for TVCNs with random FDIAs under EDM. Finally, a simulation example with comparative experiment is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the newly presented outlier‐resistant estimation algorithm.
Interfaces Between Nanoparticle and Biomacromolecular Network: Dynamic Behaviors, Confinement and Entropy
Authors: Zhang Xuanyu , Dai Xiaobin , Wan Haixiao , Jiao Zheng , Chen Wenlong , Wei Wenjie , Li Jiaqi , Liu Kai , Yang Zhenzhong , Yan Li‐Tang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBiomacromolecular networks, crucial components of biological systems, are of great importance in biological and nanomedical science, in which the interfaces between nanoparticle and macromolecular networks are intriguing and drawing great attention. Herein, this review seeks to present the state‐of‐art progress and perspective of the dynamic behaviors, confinement and entropy at the nanoparticle‐biomacromolecular network interfaces. The basic biomacromolecular networks in living systems, recent research on networks with dynamic bonds and various diffusion behaviors of nanoparticles within biomacromolecular networks are summarized. In particular, entropic effects in the confined environments of biological networks are discussed, along with how they impact the mechanical properties and dynamical behaviors. The interesting research and findings included in this review might offer the scientific community a better understanding of how this field has developed thus far, and are anticipated to trigger more systematic and fundamental research to elucidate the underlying physics and broaden the potential applications of macromolecular networks, biological and artificial.
Lipid Nanoparticles: Versatile Drug Delivery Vehicles for Traversing the Blood Brain Barrier to Treat Brain Cancer
Authors: Cai Xudong , Drummond Calum J. , Zhai Jiali , Tran Nhiem 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe blood‐brain barrier (BBB) poses a significant challenge in delivering therapeutic agents for brain diseases due to its high selectivity against foreign substances. This limitation greatly hampers the effectiveness of conventional chemotherapeutic drugs in treating brain cancers. In response, lipid‐based nanoparticles (LNPs) have emerged as a promising approach, offering opportunities for targeted drug delivery by conjugating targeting ligands onto their surface. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in utilizing LNPs to traverse the BBB for enhanced transport of bioactive compounds into the brain, specifically for cancer treatments. Beginning with an exploration of the biological structure and functions of the BBB and the blood‐brain tumor barrier (BBTB), the review highlights the advantages presented by LNPs. Subsequently, it delves into strategies for surface modification of nanoparticles to enhance BBB targeting and improve efficacy in brain cancer treatment. Finally, the review offers insights into future prospects for designing the next generation of LNPs. The review presented herein aims to contribute to the ongoing efforts in overcoming the challenges associated with BBB penetration, ultimately advancing therapeutic strategies for brain cancer and other neurological disorders.
Lyophilizable Stem Cell‐Hybrid Liposome with Long‐Term Stability and High Targeting Capacity
Authors: Zhang Tianyuan , Zheng Xixi , Lin Ruyi , Sun Hao , Wu Honghui , Zhang Jinsong , Chen Shihan , Li Yaosheng , Xu Donghang , Gao Jianqing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe hybridization of liposome with stem cell membranes is an emerging technology to prepare the nanovehicle with the capacity of disease‐responsive targeting. However, the long‐term storage of this hybrid liposome has received limited attention in the literature, which is essential for its potential applicability in the clinic. Therefore, the preservation of long‐term activity of stem cell‐hybrid liposome using freeze‐drying is investigated in the present study. Mesenchymal stem cell‐hybrid liposome is synthesized and its feasibility for freeze‐drying under different conditions is examined. Results reveal that pre‐freezing the hybrid liposome at −20 °C in Tris buffer solution (pH 7.4) containing 10% trehalose can well preserve the liposomal structure for at least three months. Notably, major membrane proteins on the hybrid liposome are protected in this formulation and CXCR4‐associated targeting capacity is maintained both in vitro and in vivo. Consequently, the hybrid liposome stored for three months demonstrates a comparable tumor inhibition as the fresh‐prepared one. The present study provides the first insights into the long‐term storage of stem cell hybrid liposome using lyophilization, which may make an important step forward in enhancing the long‐term stability of these promising biomimetic nanovehicle and ease the logistics and the freeze‐storage in the potential clinical applications.
Enhanced Infrared Vision by Nonlinear Up‐Conversion in Nonlocal Metasurfaces
Authors: Valencia Molina Laura , Camacho Morales Rocio , Zhang Jihua , Schiek Roland , Staude Isabelle , Sukhorukov Andrey A. , Neshev Dragomir N. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe ability to detect and image short‐wave infrared light has important applications in surveillance, autonomous navigation, and biological imaging. However, the current infrared imaging technologies often pose challenges due to large footprint, large thermal noise and inability to augment infrared and visible imaging. Here, infrared imaging is demonstrated by nonlinear up‐conversion to the visible in an ultra‐compact, high‐quality‐factor lithium niobate resonant metasurface. Images with high conversion efficiency and resolution quality are obtained despite the strong nonlocality of the metasurface. The possibility of edge‐detection image processing augmented with direct up‐conversion imaging for advanced night vision applications is further shown.
Information Density Enhancement Using Lossy Compression in DNA Data Storage
Authors: Seo Seongjun , Tandon Anshula , Lee Keun Woo , Lee Jee‐Hyong , Park Sung Ha 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study develops two deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) lossy compression models, Models A and B, to encode grayscale images into DNA sequences, enhance information density, and enable high‐fidelity image recovery. These models, distinguished by their handling of pixel domains and interpolation methods, offer a novel approach to data storage for DNA. Model A processes pixels in overlapped domains using linear interpolation (LI), whereas Model B uses non‐overlapped domains with nearest‐neighbor interpolation (NNI). Through a comparative analysis with Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) compression, the DNA lossy compression models demonstrate competitive advantages in terms of information density and image quality restoration. The application of these models to the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology (MNIST) dataset reveals their efficiency and the recognizability of decompressed images, which is validated by convolutional neural network (CNN) performance. In particular, Model B2, a version of Model B, emerges as an effective method for balancing high information density (surpassing over 20 times the typical densities of two bits per nucleotide) with reasonably good image quality. These findings highlight the potential of DNA‐based data storage systems for high‐density and efficient compression, indicating a promising future for biological data storage solutions.
Bioinspired Mechanochromic Liquid Crystal Materials: From Fundamentals to Functionalities and Applications
Authors: Chen Xinyu , Chen Jingyu , Song Xinyue , Du Tongji , Deng Xinrui , Deng Zhaoping , Hu Xiang‐Guo , Zeng Xingping , Yang Zhen , Yang Huai , Lan Ruochen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractInspired by intriguing color changeable ability of natural animals, the design and fabrication of artificial mechanochromic materials capable of changing colors upon stretching or pressing have attracted intense scientific interest. Liquid crystal (LC) is a self‐organized soft matter with anisotropic molecular alignment. Due to the sensitivity to various external stimulations, LC has been considered as an emerging and appealing responsive building block to construct intelligent materials and advanced devices. Recently, mechanochromic LC materials have becoming a hot topic in multifields from flexible artificial skins to visualized sensors and smart biomimetic devices. In this review, the recent progress of mechanochromic LCs is comprehensively summarized. Firstly, the mechanism and functionalities of mechanochromic LC is introduced, followed by preparation of various functional materials based on mechanochromic LCs. Then the applications of mechanochromic LCs are provided. Finally, the conclusion and outlooks of this field is given. This overview is hoped to provide inspiration in fabrication of advanced functional soft materials for scientists and engineers from multidisciplines including materials science, elastomers, chemistry, and physical science.
Highly‐Solvating Electrolyte Enables Mechanically Stable and Inorganic‐Rich Cathode Electrolyte Interphase for High‐Performing Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhao Shuoqing , Li Guohao , Zhang Bohan , Zhang Shipeng , Liu Youxing , Zhou Jinhui , Luo Mingchuan , Guo Shaojun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCathode–electrolyte interphase (CEI) is crucial for the reversibility of rechargeable batteries, yet receives less attention compared to solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI). The prevalent weakly‐solvating electrolyte is usually proposed from the standing point of obtaining robust SEI, however, the resultant weak ion‐solvent interaction gives rise to excessive free solvents and forms thick CEI with high kinetic barriers, which is disadvantageous for interfacial stability at the high working voltage. Herein, a highly‐solvating electrolyte is reported to immobilize free solvents by generating stable ternary complexes and facilitate the growth of homogeneous and ultrathin CEI to boost the electrochemical performances of potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs). Through time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, It is revealed that the deliberately coordinated complexes are the key to forming mechanically stable and inorganic‐rich CEI with superior diffusion kinetics for high‐performing PIBs. Coupling with a K0.5MnO2 cathode and a soft carbon (SC) anode, a high energy density (202.3 Wh kg−1) is achieved with an exceptional cycle lifespan (92.5% capacity retention after 500 cycles) in a SC||K0.5MnO2 full cell, setting new performance benchmarks for PIBs.
Gas Permeation through V2O5 Nanoribbons‐Based Membrane
Authors: Chevrier Sarah M. , Goh Kunli , Chuah Chong Yang , Gabriel Jean‐Christophe P. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMembrane separation processes play a crucial role in gas separation applications, with the need for ongoing development to fulfill new needs for today's challenges. For this purpose, novel 2D nanomaterials are progressively showing promise over conventional polymer‐based membrane material, exhibiting excellent molecular transport properties. Beyond the 2D materials already studied in this field, this article presents the first gas separation performances of vanadium pentoxide membrane. Brand new in gas separation topic, 2D van der Waals nanoribbons of V2O5 are successfully synthesized and layered on an anodic aluminum oxide substrate. Gas permeation analysis of He, N2, and CO2 are performed on various membranes made from different quantities of the nanomaterial. Gas permeance results suggest a deviation from an expected Knudsen diffusion mechanism of the V2O5‐based membrane for He separation. The ideal selectivities of He/N2 and He/CO2 are compared to Robeson's upper bound for polymeric membranes. V2O5 membranes, prepared with the highest V2O5 quantity, exceeded the upper bound from 2008 for He/N2 and 2019 (the most recent) for He/CO2, demonstrating the interesting potential of V2O5 2D materials for gas separation.
Deciphering the Role of Native Defects in Dopant‐Mediated Defect Engineering of Carbon Electrocatalysts
Authors: Li Ning , Li Mengyang , Guo Kun , Guo Ziqian , Wang Ruijie , Bao Lipiao , Hou Gao‐Lei , Lu Xing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDoping–dedoping chemistry lays the cornerstone for converting heteroatom dopants into intrinsic defects as the emerging active sites of carbon catalysts, but the defect content is yet hindered by inadequate doping efficiencies. Comprehending crucial factors behind the doping of pristine carbon and their correlation to the catalytic properties of dedoped carbon is thus of high significance. Here, the overlooked impact of native defects in pristine carbon on dopant‐mediated defect engineering of carbon catalysts is explicitly unveiled. Intact fullerene (C60), C60‐derived carbon, and carbon black in distinct pentagon/edge defect states are employed as respective precursors to undergo a nitrogen doping–dedoping treatment. Theoretical and experimental evidence consistently indicates that native pentagons change the preferred N doping site from the edge to the basal plane, leading to a substantially higher doping level. Importantly, in addition to pentagons from the removal of zigzag‐edged pyridinic N, N dopants in in‐plane pentagons are more easily dedoped than those in hexagons, generating even more pentagons in a new pentagon–heptagon–pentagon structure as oxygen reduction active sites. The optimized defect‐rich carbon gives an outstanding half‐wave potential of 0.834 V (0.846 V for Pt/C) via the four‐electron pathway, excellent long‐term durability, and prospective applicability in zinc–air batteries.
Complementary technology adoption and smallholder commercialization: Panel data evidence from Ethiopia
Authors: Tabe‐Ojong Martin Paul , Geffersa Abebayehu Girma 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAgricultural transformation involves the transition from subsistence agriculture marked by cultivating crops for auto‐consumption to cultivating crops for output markets. This transition from subsistence agriculture to market‐oriented agriculture can be a key policy boost to economic development, but evidence on the key entry points to increasing smallholder commercialization remains scarce. We examine the relationship between the adoption of improved maize varieties (IMVs), inorganic fertilizers, and smallholder commercialization. We model commercialization as a two‐step decision process involving market participation and the extent of participation (sales quantity) conditional on participation. Given these two related steps, we estimate a double‐hurdle model in both linear and non‐linear forms. Employing a three‐wave panel dataset from Ethiopia, we use the household fixed effects and correlated random effects model with the control function approach. We find the adoption of IMVs to be significantly associated with both market participation and the extent of participation. This relationship is also true for fertilizers, where we show a positive association between fertilizer use and commercialization. Given the seeming complementarity in the use of both IMVs and fertilizers, we further estimate their joint adoption. We use the multinomial endogenous switching regression model where we show greater commercialization gains under joint adoption. These findings are in line with a growing literature supporting the bundling of agricultural technologies. Given these insights, we provide empirical and policy support to the scaling of agricultural technologies as they have the potential to induce agricultural transformation by unlocking market opportunities.