bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of Release of Oxytocin, Prolactin, Insulin and LH in Lactating Sows, Studied Using Continuous Blood Collection Technique
Authors: ROJKITTIKHUN T. , EINARSSON S. , UVNÄS‐MOBERG K. , LUNDEHEIM N. , MADEJ A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryTo describe the patterns of release of oxytocin, prolactin, insulin and LH in relation to suckling and to investigate relationships between them, blood was collected continuously from four sows at a rate of 1 ml per min for 12 h (0900–2100 h) on day 10 (D10) and day 20 (D20) of lactation. The 12‐h period was divided into four smaller periods: P1 (0900–1200 h), P2 (1200–1500 h), P3 (1500–1800 h) and P4 (1800–2100 h). The number of nursings occurring during a 12‐h period tended to decrease between D10 (17.3 ± 0.3) and D20 (16.0 ± 0.3). About 40–50% of all sucklings induced a significant rise in plasma oxytocin, while prolactin gradually increased following each suckling. Decrease in the levels of oxytocin (14.1 ± 0.4 vs 7.1 ± 0.4 pmol/l, P < 0.001), prolactin (12.9 ± 0.3 vs 7.9 ± 0.1 μg/l, P < 0.001) and insulin (24.8 ± 1.7 vs 14.4 ± 1.7 mU/l, P < 0.001) were observed between D10 and D20. Average and basal levels of LH and the number of LH pulses increased (P < 0.01) between D10 and D20. A negative correlation between number of sucklings and number of LH pulses was demonstrated on D20 (r = −0.59, P = 0.07). There was a positive correlation between levels of LH and oxytocin on D10 (r = 0.54, P = 0.001) and between prolactin and insulin levels on D20 (r = 0.34, P = 0.05).
Ameloblastoma (Adamantinoma) in a Buffalo
Authors: FARAG K.A. , MOSTAFA M.B. , SHETA E.M.E. , FETAIH H.A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA six year old buffalo was admitted with a chronic indurated swelling at the left ramus of the mandible since 3 months. The radiographic picture showed a large osteolytic area and soft tissue swelling at the cheek teeth of the mandible. His topathological examination disclosed neoplastic epithelial cells arranged in islands and cords. The cells were arranged in palisade form resembling the ameloblasts. The clinical findings, the radiographic features and the criteria of the neoplastic cells confirmed an ameloblastoma in a buffalo.
Desmitis of the Accessory Ligament of the Deep Digital Flexor Tendon in the Horse: Clinical and Ultrasonographic Features A Report of 24 Cases
Authors: VAN DEN BELT A.J.M. , BECKER CH. K. , DIK K.J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe clinical and ultrasonographic features of desmitis of the accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon (carpal check ligament) are reported in a series of 24 horses.Lameness associated with the carpal check ligament especially was found in Warmblood riding horses ranging in age from 6 to 18 years with a mean age of 11.3 years.The most striking clinical feature was a firm, painful swelling medially and laterally in the proximal and/or mid metacarpal region, corresponding with the dorsoproximal‐palmarodistal oblique direction of the carpal check ligament.Sonographically swelling of the carpal check ligament was common, the enlarged ligament mostly showing a type 1–2 texture. Occasionally a more localized lesion with a type 3–4 texture was present. About 40% of the horses also showed additional lesions in (one of thee other flexor tendons or ligaments in the metacarpal region.Most horses were treated conservatively, i.e. boxstallrest and/or a controlled exercise regime were applied.From the 19 horses available for follow up (1–36 months), only 3 horses resumed full work.Obviously the prognosis of this injury is guarded.
Pentagastrin Cytoprotection in Ethanol‐Induced Gastric Mucosal Lesions in Rats
Authors: DODIG M. , ROTKVIĆ I. , GRABAREVIĆ Ž. , SIKIRIĆ P. , DRAHOTUSKY T. , ERCEG D. , ÐAČIĆ S. , SEIWERTH S. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryTo establish pentagastrin cytoprotection, the effectiveness of various doses of pentagastrin on ethanol induced gastric mucosal lesions was investigated in Wistar rats. Significant protection was obtained only after parenteral pretreatment with the exception of the lowest dose (1 μg/kg b.w.). Pentagastrin cytoprotection is not mediated either by a dopamine, muscarinic or gastrin/CCK receptor or by prostaglandin synthesis. However, the protective effect of pentagastrin is abolished by prior vagotomy, although this procedure alone or sham operation is ineffective to influencing control‐ethanol lesions. In secretory studies pentagastrin increased both the volume of gastric juice and total acid output. Unlike cytoprotection, these were reversed by vagotomy, but also with atropine and problumide, whereas domperidone and indomethacin were ineffective.
Recording of Intratracheal Pressure in the Horse under Field Conditions as a Method for Evaluation of Upper Airway Resistance
Authors: ROETHLISBERGER‐HOLM KARIN 
Published: May 2010

SummaryRecording of intratracheal pressure during exercise as a method for evaluating upper airway obstruction in the horse has previously been carried out on the treadmill. In the present study the method was applied to normal horses, outdoors under field conditions, to assess its usefulness for analysis of respiratory problems mainly occurring under racing conditions.The horses examined performed a standardized exercise test during which the intratracheal pressure was recorded with a tape recorder receiving amplified signals from a transducer connected to a percutaneously inserted intratracheal catheter. The exercise test was carried out under three different conditions: with (1) sulky or (2) rider outdoors and (3) on treadmill indoors. The latter test was included for comparison between field conditions and treadmill exercise. From the recordings obtained, several respiratory variables were calculated.The pressure graphs essentially resembled those obtained previously in tests performed exclusively on the treadmill. There were, however, some differences between the reactions of the horses to the three tests, which seem to necessitate a control material studied under comparable conditions.The technique is simple and the equipment for the outdoor tests is comparatively inexpensive, qualities which seem to make these tests suitable for studies of upper airway obstructions in clinical routine. Further, the outdoor tests may permit investigations of disorders of the respiratory tract that occur mainly under racing conditions.
Effect of Serotonin on Gastrointestinal Electrical Activity in the Conscious Piglet
Authors: WECHSUNG E. , HOUVENAGHEL A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIn conscious piglets with electrodes implanted in the wall of the antrum pylori, duodenum, jejunum and ileum, the influence of intravenous infusion of serotonin (5‐HT), 4 μg/kg/min for 2 hours, on gastrointestinal electrical activity and arterial pressure was examined. 5‐HT was without significant influence on antral electrical activity and arterial pressure. In the small intestinal parts 5‐HT provoked a shortening of the interval of the migrating myoelectrical complex (MMC) by reducing the duration of phase I and phase II activities, and an increase in propagation velocity. 5‐HT also induced an increase in phase III activity. A possible involvement of 5‐HT in the initiation and propagation of the MMC is suggested.
Influence of Naproxen on the Zinc, Copper, Magnesium and Calcium Content of Guinea Pig Tissues
Authors: KOTSAKI‐KOVATSI V. P. , ALEXAKI‐TZIVANIDOU E. , BATZIAS G. , ROZOS G. , KOVATSIS A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe effect of the administration of chronic doses of naproxen on the zinc, copper, magnesium and calcium concentrations in guinea pig tissues was studied. One hundred mg naproxen/kg body weight/week were administered intraperitoneally to adult female guinea pigs in two doses twice a week for eight weeks. A statistically significant decrease was found of the zinc content in the brain, lung, heart, liver, kidney, spleen and adrenals, of the copper content in the liver, kidney and adrenal and of the magnesium content in the spleen and heart. A significant increase was observed of the calcium content in the adrenals, heart, spleen and uterus of the treated animals, while no significant changes were observed in the thigh bone concentrations of the various ions tested.
The Effect of Intensive Flunixin Treatment during the Postpartum Period in the Bovine
Authors: ODENSVIK K. , FREDRIKSSON G. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of flunixin meglumine (FM), a substance which inhibits the prostaglandin biosynthesis, on the uterine involution. One of the characteristics of the postpartum period in cattle is the massive and extended release of prostaglandin (PG) F2α.Eleven primiparous cows, divided into three groups, were included in the study. The first group was injected with FM four times daily, the second group twice daily and the third group acted as controls. The dose was 2.2 mg/kg body weight injected intramuscularly. The treatment period was 14 days beginning at parturition. Blood samples were collected prior to calving and up to 28 days postpartum. The plasma concentrations of the main circulating PGF2α metabolite, i.e. 15‐keto‐dihydro‐PGF2α, and progesterone were analysed. The involution of the uterus was assessed by rectal palpation and ultrasonography.The study showed that it was not possible to affect the time period to completed uterine involution, not even when a very intensive drug dosage was used. A statistical difference was found between the group receiving the most intensive treatment and the controls, when the areas under the prostaglandin metabolite curve (AUC) were compared. The PG synthesis and release were decreased by the treatment, but never totally suppressed.Even though the treatment with FM did not shorten the time to completed uterine involution, it was not detrimental for the process of involution. However, as the uterine involution is an inflammatory process, flunixin could, as an anti‐inflammatory drug, be beneficial under certain circumstances.
Isotopic Water Dilution Technique in Body Fluid Measurement in Some Domestic Animal Species
Authors: MAKINDE M. O. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryDilution procedures using tritiated water and Evans blue dye (T 1824) were applied to estimate total body water and plasma volume in small ruminants, pigs and cockrels during the two different seasons in Zimbabwe. The amounts of total body water (TBW) obtained were between 60% to 85% of the body weight in sheep and goats, 40% to 60% in pigs and 63% to 75% in cockrels. TBW values were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the small ruminants than in pigs and observed age differences were significant (P < 0.05) in the small ruminants. There were significant (P < 0.05) seasonal differences in the total body water mean values but nonsignificant (P > 0.05) differences in the plasma volume mean values for the domestic species investigated.
Effects of Selenium Status on Bovine Mononuclear Cell Function
Authors: SORDILLO L. M. , HICKS C. R. , WILSON R. , MADDOX J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe effects of selenium (Se) status on the distribution and functional capabilities of bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were examined. No differences in proliferative responses to mitogens, interleukin (IL)‐2 production, IL‐2 receptor expression, or lymphocyte trafficking patterns were observed between PBMC from dairy cows maintained on Se adequate or Se deficient diets. In contrast, Se deficiency significantly reduced the numbers of circulating monocytes when compared to cows fed a Se adequate diet. Differences in the number of circulating monocytes had no apparent effect on the accessary functions of these cells with respect to antigen presentation and IL‐2 production. These results suggest that the effect of Se‐modified diets on bovine defense mechanisms is not mediated by the ability of peripheral blood lymphocytes to respond to antigen and mature into immunocompetent cells.
Response of Sympatho‐Adrenal Axis and Adrenal Cortex to Short‐Term Restraint Stress in Sheep
Authors: NIEZGODA J. , BOBEK S. , WRONSKA‐FORTUNA D. , WIERZCHOS E. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe sympatho‐adrenal and pituitary‐adrenal cortex axes are the most sensitive, and specific indicators of stress in animals. Increased plasma levels of catecholamines and glucocorticoids are generally considered as the classical response to stress. Most experiments on immobilization have been performed on rats and only a few of them concerned domestic animals. In this experiment we want to learn whether short‐term restraint ‐ a stressor most commonly used in animal husbandry ‐ is a stressor for sheep (ewes) like in rats. For this reason we measured adrenaline (A), noradrenaline (NA) (radioenzymatic method), cortisol (RIA method), glucose and free fatty acids (FFA). Unlike in rats, in stressed sheep the peak of A appeared earlier than the NA peak, i.e. at 2 and 5 min. of stress, respectively. In contrast to rats, the basal and stress levels of NA exceeded the corresponding level of A. Cortisol concentration rose 7 fold above baseline and maximal concentration appeared at a time (15–30 min.) observed in other animal species. A similar time‐related increase was observed in the plasma FFA concentration. It increased maximally 3.2 fold at 15 min. of stress. A significant correlation coefficient was found between plasma cortisol and FFA (r = 0.91) what may suggest the lipolytic effect of ACTH and/or a positive feedback of FFA on the hypophysis‐adrenal axis.The plasma glucose of stressed animals rose only 1.47 fold above the basal level. A significant correlation was found between cortisol and glucose (r = 0.53) whereas no correlations have been obtained between A, NA and glucose or FFA. The control levels of all analyzed hormones, FFA and glucose did not change significantly throughout the experiment, thereby excluding the possible effect of handling on the results.
Effects of Oral Administration of Toxic Levels of Lead and Selenium upon Concentration of Different Elements in the Liver of Broiler Chicks
Authors: KHAN M. Z. , SZAREK J. , MARKIEWICZ K. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryBroiler chicks fed lead or selenium for varying periods were later intoxicated with two levels of either of these elements. In this way different groups of chicks were exposed to lead or selenium alone or a combination of these two. Lead caused increased liver concentrations of lead and iron. Selenium administration increased liver selenium and iron levels while liver copper decreased. Concurrent administration of lead and selenium greatly enhanced the accumulation of both elements in the liver and increased the liver iron. Lead partially counteracted the depression of liver copper caused by selenium. Mortality due to concurrent exposure to lead and selenium was lower when vitamin E was added to the feed. Body weights were markedly suppressed by selenium. The concurrent administration of lead partially alleviated the growth depression caused by selenium. Selenium fed birds had increased relative weights of liver and heart but this increase was of lesser degree in birds given both elements.
Diagnosis of Bovine Cardiomyopathy by Electrolyte and Protein Analysis
Authors: GRABER H. U. , MARTIG J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe intention of this paper was to describe a reliable method for the diagnosis of cardiomyopathy (CMP) in adult cattle and, in particular, a clear distinction between CMP and inflammatory heart diseases (IHD). In a first study we performed a linear discriminant analysis using serum and urine electrolyte concentrations (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, phosphate, iron, creatinine) of 33 CMP‐affected and 35 healthy cattle. This analysis allowed to classify all the animals of both animal groups correctly. In a second study, we examined the clotting reaction of the glutaraldehyde coagulation test (GCT) in cardiomyopathy (n = 49), inflammatory heart diseases (n = 9) and in healthy cows (n = 35). 96% of the CMP‐sick and all the control animals showed a clotting time above 10 minutes. In the IHD group, the clotting time was always below 10 minutes. In a third study, we applied the combination of discriminant analysis and GCT to a new set of CMP‐(n = 14) and IHD‐affected (n = 9) as well as to healthy cattle (n = 15). The classification was correct in 93% of the CMP‐sick and in all the IHD‐affected and the control animals. The results are discussed.
Immunohistological and Immuno‐Electron Microscopic Localization of Fibronectin in Chicken Bone Marrow
Authors: BUBE A. , WEISS E. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryFibronectin (FN) was immunolocated in chicken bone marrow with the PAP‐technique by light and electron microscopy. A pre‐embedding method was employed for immunolabelling the specimen for electron microscopy. Blood vessels and lining cells of capillaries and sinusoids were labelled for FN. Monocytes, intrasinusoidal macrophages, and stromal elements in the extrasinusoidal compartment.The distribution of FN in the chicken bone marrow supports the assumption that FN facilitates extravascular haematopoiesis, especially migratory processes, whereas its contribution to intravascular haematopoiesis seems less likely and needs further investigation.
Field Research on Veterinary Problems in Group‐Housed Sows ‐ A Survey of Lameness
Authors: KRONEMAN A. , VELLENGA L. , VAN DER WILT F.J. , VERMEER H. M. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryInvestigations on two experimental farms with group‐housing revealed that lameness occurred mainly at the hind legs of sows, with a higher incidence in first parity sows. The highest incidence of lameness was seen during the first 2 months of gestation and the highest prevalence in the last 2 months of gestation. No relation could be established between lameness of a sow in the last month of gestation and reproduction results.The incidence of claw lesions increased too, during the group‐housing during pregnancy and was higher compared to sows kept in crates. This increase was clearest in first parity sows. In addition the observations suggest a pattern in the course of development of lesions. Claw lesions mainly occur on the outer claws of a sow. For two types of lesions left‐right symmetry has been established for both the hind and the front legs.On the level of the individual animal there was no relation between the incidence of claw lesions and lameness.
The Correlation between the Dose and Distribution of Intratendinous Fluid Injections in the Flexor Tendons/Ligaments of the Horse
Authors: VAN DEN BELT A. J. M. , KEG P. R. , DIK K. J. , BARNEVELD A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryAn in vitro study was carried out to define the correlation between the dose and distribution of intratendinous fluid injections in the different flexor tendons/ligaments of the palmar/plantar, metacarpal/metatarsal region of the horse.Injection of 0.1–0.2 ml resulted in a local intratendinous fluid depot showing minimal abaxial spreading and more extensive proximodistal expansion. If 0.3–0.5 ml was injected the abaxial spreading remained minimal but the proximodistal expansion increased significantly, the depots in the axial proximal, mid and distal region flowing together. Also minimal peritendinous fluid accumulation was visible. Increasing the dose from 0.5 to 2 ml resulted in extensive abaxial spreading and peritendinous accumulation.These findings indicate that the 2 ml injection recommended in the veterinary literature probably represents an oversized dose.If a small lesion is present a 0.1–0.2 ml intratendinous injection should be adequate. The injection should preferably be guided by ultrasonography to allow precise deposition of the drug into the lesion. In larger local defects a depot of 0.3–0.5 ml apparently is sufficient. If a very large portion of the tendon is injured, several depots of 0.3–0.5 ml approximately 5 cm apart is preferred to cover the full proximodistal extension of the lesion.
Echokardiographische Messungen im gepulsten Dopplerverfahren (PW) beim gesunden Warmblutpferd
Authors: STADLER P. , WEINBERGER T. , DEEGEN E. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryPulsed Doppler Echocardiography in Healthy Warm Blooded HorsesTwenty adult warm blooded horses (body weight 585 ± 59 kg) were evaluated with pulsed doppler echocardiography. Locations for the transducer and the sample volume were determined to get typical blood flow tracings of the equine heart. Angle of doppler beam was between 37° and 40° in right heart atrioventricular flow tract and between 44° and 47° in left heart atrioventricular flow tract. Peak blood flow velocity (angle corrected) was 0.71 ± 0.17 m/s in tricuspid valve and 0.92 ± 0.22 in mitral valve.In right and left atrioventricular flow tracts in all sample volume positions typical double peaked spectral tracings of blood flow were seen.In supravalvular, valvular and subvalvular sample volume locations of the ventriculoatrial flow tracts angles were between 28° and 33° in right heart and between 34° and 37° in left heart. Peak flow velocity (angle corrected) was 0.98 ± 0.13 m/s in pulmonary valve and 0.92 ± 0.09 m/s in aortic valve. Paradoxical systolic and diastolic flows were seen. The flow velocity tracings were similar to those found in man. Flow velocity values of clinically normal horses have a wide range like in healthy human beings. Nevertheless flow tracings of healthy horses have a characteristical profile and may be helpful in detecting abnormal blood flow in heart diseased horses.
Further Studies on Osmotic Resistance of Nucleated Erythrocytes: Observations with Pigeon, Peafowl, Lizard and Toad Erythrocytes During Changes in Temperature and pH
Authors: Oyewale J. O. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe osmotic resistance of pigeon, peafowl, lizard and toad erythrocytes at different temperatures and pH was studied. Erythrocytes from female pigeons showed greater osmotic resistance than those from males, but no sex difference appeared with erythrocytes from peafowls. Pigeon erythrocytes were more resistant and the red blood cell, packed cell volume and haemoglobin values were higher than those in peafowls. Although no significant differences appeared in their haemato‐logical values, erythrocytes from the lizard were more resistant than erythrocytes from the toad. At higher temperature, the osmotic resistance of pigeon, lizard and toad erythrocytes increased, while that of peafowl erythrocytes decreased. The resistance of toad erythrocytes decreased in acidic and alkaline solutions, but that of peafowl erythrocytes increased in both solutions. However, with pigeon and lizard erythrocytes, the resistance was unaltered in alkaline solution and decreased in acidic solution.
Plasma Protein Synthesis and Serum Amino Acids in Dry and Lactating Dairy Cows
Authors: Pösö A. R. , Lindberg L.‐A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryBlood serum concentrations of protein, albumin, prealbumin, transferrin, amino acids and urea were measured in 31 healthy cows 0 to 6 weeks before and 3 to 8 weeks after parturition. In comparison to the precalving values the concentrations of albumin, prealbumin and transferrin were all lower after parturition. Alanine, glutamine, leucine, methionine, serine, and urea concentrations were also lower after calving. Multiple correlation analysis between plasma protein and amino acid concentrations reveals that the synthesis of export proteins in liver may be reduced due to limitation in amino acid availability.
Nucleolar Size and Mitotic Index in Basal Cell Carcinomas (BCC) and Squamous Cell Carcinomas (SCC) of Canine Skin
Authors: De Vico G. , Agrimi U. , Maiolino P. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryNine squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) and ten basal cell carcinomas (BCC) of the dog's skin were retrospectively evaluated from the point of view of both their nucleolar size and their mitotic index. With the exception of one, all SCC samples under investigation were non‐metastasizing. Mean nucleolar area/cell ranged from 4.36 to 9.87 μm2 in SCC, and from 1.06 to 2.59 μm2 in BCC samples. A significant statistical correlation could be demonstrated between cell nucleolar area and mitotic index in SCC samples.