bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and multidetector CT follow-up results of renal artery aneurysms treated by detachable coil embolization using 3D rotational angiography
Authors: Seo Jung Min , Park Kwang Bo , Kim Keon Ha , Jeon Pyoung , Shin Sung Wook , Park Hong Suk , Do Young Soo , Kim Dong-Ik , Kim Young-Wook 
Published: August 2011

Background There are very few reports regarding the use of 3D rotational angiography (3D RA) in embolization of renal artery aneurysms (RAAs). No valuable data have been reported on the follow-up result of coil embolization for RAAs on computed tomography (CT). Purpose To evaluate the clinical and multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) follow-up results of renal artery aneurysms treated by detachable coil embolization using 3D RA. Material and Methods Six patients diagnosed with RAAs were included. Five patients underwent detachable coil embolization. Five patients underwent 3D RA and the parameters used for planning endovascular treatment obtained by 2D CT, reformatted 3D CT angiography (3D CTA), 2D digital subtraction angiography (2D DSA) and 3D RA were compared. The postembolization MDCT follow-up findings were analyzed retrospectively. Results The technical success rate for detachable coil embolization was 40%. The 3D CTA showed the dome-to-neck ratio (DNR) and tangential view of the renal artery aneurysm in five patients (83.3%) and the 2D CT showed it in four (66.7%). An optimal working angle assessment could not be obtained on the 2D CT and 3D CTA. The 3D RA showed the DNR, tangential view, and optimal working angle in all patients. Renal infarction occurred in three patients and postprocedural hypertension developed in two patients during the follow-up period. Conclusion The 3D RA was useful in preoperative determination of adequate working angle for detachable coil embolization of RAAs. Late complications of detachable coil embolization for RAAs were renal infarction and hypertension.
Coronary CT angiography for acute chest pain triage: Techniques for radiation exposure reduction; 128 vs. 64 multidetector CT
Authors: Goitein Orly , Matetzky Shlomi , Eshet Yael , Goitein David , Hamdan Ashraf , Segni Elio Di , Konen Eli 
Published: August 2011

Background Coronary CT angiography (CCTA) is used daily in acute chest pain triage, although exposing patients to significant radiation dosage. CCTA using prospective ECG gating (PG CCTA) enables significant radiation reduction Purpose To determine whether the routine use of 128 vs. 64 multidetector CT (MDCT) can increase the proportion of patients scanned using PG CCTA technique, lowering radiation exposure, without decreasing image quality. Material and Methods The study comprised 232 patients, 116 consecutive patients scanned using 128 MDCT (mean age 49 years, 79 men, BMI 28) and 116 consecutive patients (mean age 50 years, 75 men, BMI 28) which were scanned using 64 MDCT. PG CCTA was performed whenever technically permissible by each type of scanner: 64 MDCT = stable heart rate (HR) <60/min and weight <110 kg; 128 MDCT = stable HR < 70/min and weight <140 kg. All coronary segments were evaluated for image quality using a visual scale of 1–5. An estimated radiation dose was recorded. Results PC CCTA was performed in 84% and 49% of the 128 and 64 MDCT groups, respectively ( P < 0.0001). Average image quality score were 4.6 ± 0.3 and 4.7 ± 0.1 for the 128 and 64 MDCT, respectively ( P = 0.08). The mean radiation dose exposure was 6.2 ± 4.8 mSv and 10.4 ± 7.5 mSv for the 128 and 64 MDCT, respectively ( P = 0.008). Conclusion The 128 MDCT scanner enables utilization of PG CCTA technique in a greater proportion of patients, thereby decreasing the related radiation significantly, without hampering image quality.
MRI of chondromyxoid fibroma
Authors: Kim Hyun-Soo , Jee Won-Hee , Ryu Kyung-Nam , Cho Kil-Ho , Suh Jin-Suck , Cho Jae-Hyun , Choi Yun-Sun , Lee Sung Moon , Lee Jong-Min , Sung Mi Sook , Kim Jee Young , Jung Eun Sun , Chung Yang-Guk , Ok In-Young 
Published: August 2011

Background Chondromyxoid fibroma is a rare benign primary bone tumor of cartilage. Despite a characteristic radiographic appearance, chondromyxoid fibroma with atypical radiographic findings may mimic more common tumors. Purpose To describe the MR findings of chondromyxoid fibroma. Material and Methods MR images of 19 histopathologically confirmed chondromyxoid fibromas were retrospectively analyzed for signal intensity, periosteal reaction, adjacent abnormal bone marrow and soft tissue signal, and patterns of contrast enhancement. Results All cases of chondromyxoid fibroma showed hypointense to intermediate signal intensity and internal hyperintense foci were observed in seven (37%) cases on T1-weighted images. On T2-weighted images, all lesions were hyperintense: peripheral intermediate signal band with central hyperintense signal in 11 (58%) of 19 lesions, whereas diffusely hyperintense with heterogeneous pattern in eight (42%). Periosteal reaction was observed in 11 (58%) of 19 cases. Adjacent abnormal bone marrow or soft tissue signal was observed in 12 (63%) or 14 (74%) of 19 cases, respectively. On contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images, peripheral nodular enhancement was observed in 69% (11/16) and diffuse contrast enhancement was observed in 31% (5/16) with homogeneous ( n = 3) or heterogeneous ( n = 2) patterns. Among the cases with peripheral nodular enhancement, the peripheral nodular enhancing portion generally corresponded to the peripheral intermediate signal band on T2-weighted images, although the peripheral enhancement was not as wide as a band of intermediate signal intensity. On the other hand, the central non-enhancing portion generally corresponded to the central hyperintense signal intensity on T2-weighted images. Conclusion The helpful features of chondromyxoid fibroma are the peripheral intermediate signal band and central hyperintense signal on T2-weighted images, generally corresponding to the peripheral nodular enhancement and central non-enhancing portion on contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images, respectively.
Integrated Product Architecture and Pricing for Managing Sequential Innovation
Authors: Krishnan Vish , Ramachandran Karthik 
Published: August 2011

Science and technology advances drive firms to continually enhance their product's performance and launch sequentially improving offerings. Firms face challenges in marketing such improving products to well-informed, forward-looking consumers who anticipate product improvements and seek to delay their purchase timing. Product design, specifically a modular upgradable architecture in which improving and stable subsystems of a product are separated and selectively upgraded, can be a valuable approach for marketers to alleviate consumer concerns about product obsolescence. However, such an architecture-based approach can present new challenges as well, and dealing with them requires carefully coordinated cross-functional decision making by the firm. In this paper, we identify and formalize the notion of design inconsistency, which refers to the monopolist firm's inability to commit to future product design architectures. We find that firms experience design inconsistency even when they are able to commit to future prices, and design inconsistency lowers firm profits as well as consumer surplus. We then derive a joint product architecture and pricing approach to solve this problem; this enables an innovating firm to optimally and in a time-consistent manner launch modular upgradable products. The modeling and analysis in the paper lends insight into types of markets and products for which modular upgradability is most appropriate and offers guidelines on making pricing and product design decisions jointly for managing sequential innovation. This paper was accepted by Preyas Desai, marketing.
Stochastic Capacity Investment and Flexible vs. Dedicated Technology Choice in Imperfect Capital Markets
Authors: Boyabatlı Onur , Toktay L. Beril 
Published: August 2011

This paper analyzes the impact of endogenous credit terms under capital market imperfections in a capacity investment setting. We model a monopolist firm that decides on its technology choice (flexible versus dedicated) and capacity level under demand uncertainty. Differing from the majority of the stochastic capacity investment literature, we assume that the firm is budget constrained and can relax its budget constraint by borrowing from a creditor. The creditor offers technology-specific loan contracts to the firm, after which the firm makes its technology choice and subsequent decisions. Capital market imperfections impose financing frictions on the firm. Our analysis contributes to the capacity investment literature by extending the theory of stochastic capacity investment and flexible versus dedicated technology choice to understand the impact of capital market imperfections, and by analyzing the impact of demand uncertainty (variability and correlation) on the operational decisions and the performance of the firm under different capital market conditions. We demonstrate that the endogenous nature of credit terms in imperfect capital markets may modify or reverse conclusions concerning capacity investment and technology choice obtained under the perfect market assumption and we explain why. The theory developed in this paper suggests some rules of thumb for the strategic management of the capacity and technology choice in imperfect capital markets. This paper was accepted by John Birge, focused issue editor.
Vom Katalogzettel zum IPAC, vom IPAC zum OPAC. Ein Projekt der UB Frankfurt zur automatisierten Konversion digitalisierter Zettelkataloge
Authors: Hausinger Angela , Junkes-Kirchen Klaus , Dinges Ingrid , Hamann Sylvia , Schneider Hanspeter , Steinberg Sylvia , Wahlig Renate 
Published: August 2011

Zusammenfassung
Beschrieben wird ein Projekt, das an der Universitätsbibliothek Frankfurt am Main gemeinsam mit dem HeBIS-Verbund und der Firma Satzrechenzentrum (Berlin) durchgeführt wurde. Ziel war es, bereits digitalisierte Zettelkataloge mit Hilfe automatisierter Verfahren in strukturierte MAB-Daten zu konvertieren, die in die Verbunddatenbank eingespielt werden können. Von der Größenordnung her sollten 2,7 Mio. gescannte Katalogzettel dabei durch entsprechende Algorithmen bearbeitet werden. Als Ergebnis kann vorweg genommen werden, dass nach einer intensiveren Vorbereitungsphase die Umsetzung der Titelkarten durch Programmroutinen ein sehr passables Ergebnis erbrachte.
On the mutual position of two irreducible conics in PG(2, q), q odd
Authors: Abatangelo V. , Fisher J. C. , Korchmáros G. , Larato B. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Given an irreducible conic in PG(2, q) with q odd, how many points of another irreducible conic 𝒟 in PG(2, q) are external to ? It is not hard to find 𝒟 such that either all its points off are external to , or none of its points are. Apart from these cases, we prove that for q large enough, the number we seek differs from by at most .
Structures and mechanism of the monoamine oxidase family
Authors: Gaweska Helena , Fitzpatrick Paul F. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractMembers of the monoamine oxidase family of flavoproteins catalyze the oxidation of primary and secondary amines, polyamines, amino acids, and methylated lysine side chains in proteins. The enzymes have similar overall structures, with conserved flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-binding domains and varied substrate-binding sites. Multiple mechanisms have been proposed for the catalytic reactions of these enzymes. The present review compares the structures of different members of the family and the various mechanistic proposals.
Sex differences in the injured brain
Authors: Melcangi Roberto Cosimo , Garcia-Segura Luis M. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Observations obtained in human and in experimental models clearly demonstrate sex differences in degenerative events occurring in the central nervous system. The present review focuses on potential factors that may contribute to these sex-dimorphic features; in particular, morphological organization of the central nervous system and functional influence by neuroactive steroids, genes, and immune system are considered.
A New Method to Uncover Signatures of Divergent and Stabilizing Selection in Quantitative Traits
Authors: Ovaskainen Otso , Karhunen Markku , Zheng Chaozhi , Arias José Manuel Cano , Merilä Juha 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWhile it is well understood that the pace of evolution depends on the interplay between natural selection, random genetic drift, mutation, and gene flow, it is not always easy to disentangle the relative roles of these factors with data from natural populations. One popular approach to infer whether the observed degree of population differentiation has been influenced by local adaptation is the comparison of neutral marker gene differentiation (as reflected in FST) and quantitative trait divergence (as reflected in QST). However, this method may lead to compromised statistical power, because FST and QST are summary statistics which neglect information on specific pairs of populations, and because current multivariate tests of neutrality involve an averaging procedure over the traits. Further, most FST–QST comparisons actually replace QST by its expectation over the evolutionary process and are thus theoretically flawed. To overcome these caveats, we derived the statistical distribution of population means generated by random genetic drift and used the probability density of this distribution to test whether the observed pattern could be generated by drift alone. We show that our method can differentiate between genetic drift and selection as a cause of population differentiation even in cases with FST = QST and demonstrate with simulated data that it disentangles drift from selection more accurately than conventional FST–QST tests especially when data sets are small.
Distribution of Parental Genome Blocks in Recombinant Inbred Lines
Authors: Martin Olivier C , Hospital Frédéric 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWe consider recombinant inbred lines obtained by crossing two given homozygous parents and then applying multiple generations of self-crossings or full-sib matings. The chromosomal content of any such line forms a mosaic of blocks, each alternatively inherited identically by descent from one of the parents. Quantifying the statistical properties of such mosaic genomes has remained an open challenge for many years. Here, we solve this problem by taking a continuous chromosome picture and assuming crossovers to be noninterfering. Using a continuous-time random walk framework and Markov chain theory, we determine the statistical properties of these identical-by-descent blocks. We find that successive block lengths are only very slightly correlated. Furthermore, the blocks on the ends of chromosomes are larger on average than the others, a feature understandable from the nonexponential distribution of block lengths.
The Response of Caenorhabditis elegans to Hydrogen Sulfide and Hydrogen Cyanide
Authors: Budde Mark W , Roth Mark B 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), an endogenously produced small molecule, protects animals from various stresses. Recent studies demonstrate that animals exposed to H2S are long lived, resistant to hypoxia, and resistant to ischemia–reperfusion injury. We performed a forward genetic screen to gain insights into the molecular mechanisms Caenorhabditis elegans uses to appropriately respond to H2S. At least two distinct pathways appear to be important for this response, including the H2S-oxidation pathway and the hydrogen cyanide (HCN)-assimilation pathway. The H2S-oxidation pathway requires two distinct enzymes important for the oxidation of H2S: the sulfide:quinone reductase sqrd-1 and the dioxygenase ethe-1. The HCN-assimilation pathway requires the cysteine synthase homologs cysl-1 and cysl-2. A low dose of either H2S or HCN can activate hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), which is required for C. elegans to respond to either gas. sqrd-1 and cysl-2 represent the entry points in the H2S-oxidation and HCN-assimilation pathways, respectively, and expression of both of these enzymes is highly induced by HIF-1 in response to both H2S and HCN. In addition to their role in appropriately responding to H2S and HCN, we found that cysl-1 and cysl-2 are both essential mediators of innate immunity against fast paralytic killing by Pseudomonas. Furthermore, in agreement with these data, we showed that growing worms in the presence of H2S is sufficient to confer resistance to Pseudomonas fast paralytic killing. Our results suggest the hypoxia-independent hif-1 response in C. elegans evolved to respond to the naturally occurring small molecules H2S and HCN.
Bayesian Population Genomic Inference of Crossing Over and Gene Conversion
Authors: Padhukasahasram Badri , Rannala Bruce 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Meiotic recombination is a fundamental cellular mechanism in sexually reproducing organisms and its different forms, crossing over and gene conversion both play an important role in shaping genetic variation in populations. Here, we describe a coalescent-based full-likelihood Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method for jointly estimating the crossing-over, gene-conversion, and mean tract length parameters from population genomic data under a Bayesian framework. Although computationally more expensive than methods that use approximate likelihoods, the relative efficiency of our method is expected to be optimal in theory. Furthermore, it is also possible to obtain a posterior sample of genealogies for the data using this method. We first check the performance of the new method on simulated data and verify its correctness. We also extend the method for inference under models with variable gene-conversion and crossing-over rates and demonstrate its ability to identify recombination hotspots. Then, we apply the method to two empirical data sets that were sequenced in the telomeric regions of the X chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. Our results indicate that gene conversion occurs more frequently than crossing over in the su-w and su-s gene sequences while the local rates of crossing over as inferred by our program are not low. The mean tract lengths for gene-conversion events are estimated to be ∼70 bp and 430 bp, respectively, for these data sets. Finally, we discuss ideas and optimizations for reducing the execution time of our algorithm.
A Modifier Gene Alleviates Hypothyroidism-Induced Hearing Impairment in Pou1f1dw Dwarf Mice
Authors: Fang Qing , Longo-Guess Chantal , Gagnon Leona H , Mortensen Amanda H , Dolan David F , Camper Sally A , Johnson Kenneth R 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Thyroid hormone has pleiotropic effects on cochlear development, and genomic variation influences the severity of associated hearing deficits. DW/J-Pou1f1dw/dw mutant mice lack pituitary thyrotropin, which causes severe thyroid hormone deficiency and profound hearing impairment. To assess the genetic complexity of protective effects on hypothyroidism-induced hearing impairment, an F1 intercross was generated between DW/J-Pou1f1dw/+ carriers and an inbred strain with excellent hearing derived from Mus castaneus, CAST/EiJ. Approximately 24% of the (DW/J × CAST/EiJ) Pou1f1dw/dw F2 progeny had normal hearing. A genome scan revealed a locus on chromosome 2, named modifier of dw hearing, or Mdwh, that rescues hearing despite persistent hypothyroidism. This chromosomal region contains the modifier of tubby hearing 1 (Moth1) locus that encodes a protective allele of the microtubule-associated protein MTAP1A. DW/J-Pou1f1dw/+ carriers were crossed with the AKR strain, which also carries a protective allele of Mtap1a, and we found that AKR is not protective for hearing in the (DW/J × AKR) Pou1f1dw/dw F2 progeny. Thus, protective alleles of Mtap1a are not sufficient to rescue DW/J-Pou1f1dw/dw hearing. We expect that identification of protective modifiers will enhance our understanding of the mechanisms of hypothyroidism-induced hearing impairment.
Inference of Population Mutation Rate and Detection of Segregating Sites from Next-Generation Sequence Data
Authors: Kang Chul Joo , Marjoram Paul 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
We live in an age in which our ability to collect large amounts of genome-wide genetic variation data offers the promise of providing the key to the understanding and treatment of genetic diseases. Over the next few years this effort will be spearheaded by so-called next-generation sequencing technologies, which provide vast amounts of short-read sequence data at relatively low cost. This technology is often used to detect unknown variation in regions that have been linked with a given disease or phenotype. However, error rates are significant, leading to some nontrivial issues when it comes to interpreting the data. In this article, we present a method with which to address questions of widespread interest: calling variants and estimating the population mutation rate. We show performance of the method using simulation studies before applying our approach to an analysis of data from the 1000 Genomes project.
Parallel Evolution of Bacillus thuringiensis Toxin Resistance in Lepidoptera
Authors: Baxter Simon W , Badenes-Pérez Francisco R , Morrison Anna , Vogel Heiko , Crickmore Neil , Kain Wendy , Wang Ping , Heckel David G , Jiggins Chris D 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Despite the prominent and worldwide use of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) insecticidal toxins in agriculture, knowledge of the mechanism by which they kill pests remains incomplete. Here we report genetic mapping of a membrane transporter (ABCC2) to a locus controlling Bt Cry1Ac toxin resistance in two lepidopterans, implying that this protein plays a critical role in Bt function.
Exploiting Spore-Autonomous Fluorescent Protein Expression to Quantify Meiotic Chromosome Behaviors in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Thacker Drew , Lam Isabel , Knop Michael , Keeney Scott 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has proven to be a rich source of information about the mechanisms and regulation of homologous recombination during meiosis. A common technique for studying this process involves microdissecting the four products (ascospores) of a single meiosis and analyzing the configuration of genetic markers in the spores that are viable. Although this type of analysis is powerful, it can be laborious and time-consuming to characterize the large numbers of meioses needed to generate statistically robust data sets. Moreover, the reliance on viable (euploid) spores has the potential to introduce selection bias, especially when analyzing mutants with elevated frequencies of meiotic chromosome missegregation. To overcome these limitations, we developed a versatile, portable set of reporter constructs that drive fluorescent protein expression specifically in only those spores that inherit the reporter. These spore-autonomous fluorescence constructs allow direct visualization of inheritance patterns in intact tetrads, eliminating the need for microdissection and permitting meiotic segregation patterns to be ascertained even in aneuploid spores. As proof of principle, we demonstrate how different arrangements of reporters can be used to quantify crossover frequency, crossover interference, gene conversion, crossover/noncrossover ratios, and chromosome missegregation.