bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gaps in anaphylaxis management at the level of physicians, patients, and the community: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Kastner M. , Harada L. , Waserman S. 
Published: December 2009

To cite this article: Kastner M, Harada L, Waserman S. Gaps in anaphylaxis management at the level of physicians, patients, and the community: a systematic review of the literature. Allergy 2010; 65: 435–444.AbstractDiagnosis and management of anaphylaxis can be a challenge because reactions are often unexpected and progress quickly. The focus of anaphylaxis management has mostly been on the acute episode, with little attention given to the long‐term management of patients at risk. This is compounded by conflicting information in current guidelines and a general lack of agreement among clinicians about which management strategies are the most appropriate. We systematically reviewed the literature to identify and summarize studies that investigated gaps in anaphylaxis management. Our search included MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Evidence‐Based Medicine Reviews. Studies were included if they addressed an outcome describing gaps in anaphylaxis knowledge, education, anaphylaxis management, and quality of life (QOL). Populations of interest were health care professionals involved in the care of patients at risk for anaphylaxis, and patients of any age, their parents, caregivers, and teachers in primary care, hospital or community settings. Of 5014 citations that were identified, the final 59 studies (selected from 75 full‐text articles) met the inclusion criteria. Two hundred and two gaps were identified and classified according to major themes: gaps in knowledge and anaphylaxis management (physicians and patients); gaps in follow‐up care (physicians); and QOL of patients and caregivers. Findings from this systematic review revealed gaps in anaphylaxis management at the level of physicians, patients, and the community. Findings will be used to provide a basis for developing interventional strategies to help address these deficiencies.
Analysis of the high affinity IgE receptor genes reveals epistatic effects of FCER1A variants on eczema risk
Authors: Mahachie John J. M. , Baurecht H. , Rodríguez E. , Naumann A. , Wagenpfeil S. , Klopp N. , Mempel M. , Novak N. , Bieber T. , Wichmann H.‐E. , Ring J. , Illig T. , Cattaert T. , Van Steen K. , Weidinger S. 
Published: December 2009

To cite this article: Mahachie John JM, Baurecht H, Rodríguez E, Naumann A, Wagenpfeil S, Klopp N, Mempel M, Novak N, Bieber T, Wichmann H‐E, Ring J, Illig T, Cattaert T, Van Steen K, Weidinger S. Analysis of the high affinity IgE receptor genes reveals epistatic effects of FCER1A variants eczema risk. Allergy 2010; 65: 875–882.AbstractBackground:  High levels of total and allergen‐specific IgE levels are a key feature in allergic diseases. The high‐affinity receptor for IgE, which is composed of one alpha (FCER1A), one beta (FCER1B), and two gamma (FCER1G) subunits, represents the central receptor of IgE‐induced reactions. In a genome‐wide association scan, we recently identified associations between functional FCER1A variants and total serum IgE levels. Previous studies had reported linkage and association of FCER1B variants with IgE and atopic traits. The FCER1G gene has not yet been investigated with regard to atopy. Filaggrin (FLG) is the strongest known risk gene for eczema, in particular the allergic subtype of eczema.Methods:  We investigated the association of FCER1A, FCER1B, and FCER1G variants with IgE in a large population‐based cohort (n = 4261) and tested for epistatic effects using the model‐based multifactor dimensionality reduction (MB‐MDR) method. In addition, we investigated a potential interaction between FLG and FCER1A variants in a large collection of eczema cases (n = 1018) and population controls.Results:  Three strongly correlated FCER1A polymorphisms were significantly associated with total and specific IgE levels as well as allergic sensitization. No associations were seen for FCER1B and FCER1G. After adjustment for FLG effects, a significant epistatic effect of the FCER1A variants rs10489854 and rs2511211 on eczema risk was detected.Conclusions:  These results suggest that FCER1A variants by themselves and in combination influence IgE levels and act synergistically to influence eczema risk.
The influence of OKT3 therapy on hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence following liver transplantation
Authors: Zimmerman Michael A. , Kelly Mara A. , Campsen Jeffrey , Mandell M. Susan , Wachs Michael , Bak Tom , Skibba Afshin , Lancaster Brian , Kam Igal 
Published: December 2009

Zimmerman MA, Kelly MA, Campsen J, Mandell MS, Wachs M, Bak T, Skibba A, Lancaster B, Kam I. The influence of OKT3 therapy on hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence following liver transplantation. Clin Transplant 2010: 24: E103–E108. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Introduction: Cancer recurrence following orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a significant obstacle in up to 10–20% of recipients. Recent evidence suggests that anti‐CD3 antibody (OKT3) therapy may be associated with increased rates of HCC recurrence.Methods: At the University of Colorado Transplant Center, 173 patients underwent OLT for end‐stage liver disease with concomitant HCC between 1997 and 2008. Nine clinical and pathologic variables were analyzed to test the association between OKT3 therapy for steroid‐resistant rejection (SRR) and HCC recurrence‐free survival.Results: Overall, the rate of HCC recurrence in this cohort was low and comparable across treatment groups (8.7%). Multivariate analysis reveals that increasing tumor diameter and differentiation have a negative impact on HCC recurrence‐free survival.Conclusions: While several pathologic variables appear to influence outcome, we found no association between OKT3 therapy for SRR and HCC recurrence or survival.
Mechanism modelling of shot peening effect on fatigue life prediction
Authors: XIANG Y. , LIU Y. 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTA new mechanism modelling is proposed in this paper to explain the shot peening effect on fatigue life predictions of mechanical components. The proposed methodology is based on the crack growth analysis of shot peened specimens, which are affected by the interaction of surface roughness and residual stress produced during the shot peening process. An asymptotic stress intensity factor solution is used to include the surface roughness effect and a time‐varying residual stress function is used to change the crack tip stress ratio during the crack propagation. Parametric studies are performed to investigate the effects of surface roughness and the residual stress relaxation rate. Following this, a simplified effective residual stress model is proposed based on the developed mechanism modelling. A wide range of experimental data is used to validate the proposed mechanism modelling. Very good agreement is observed between experimental data and model predictions.
Low cycle thermo‐mechanical fatigue: damage operator approach
Authors: NAGODE M. , HACK M. , FAJDIGA M. 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTThe strain‐life approach is standardized and widely accepted for determining fatigue damage under strain‐controlled low cycle fatigue (LCF) loading. It was first extended to non‐isothermal cases by introducing an equivalent temperature approach (ETA). The paper presents its extension that is the damage operator approach (DOA) enabling online continuous damage calculation for isothermal and non‐isothermal loading with mean stress correction. The cycle closure point, cycle equivalent temperature, threshold temperature and separate rainflow counting obligatory for the ETA are not necessary for the DOA any more. Both approaches are equivalent for the second and subsequent runs of block loading if temperature is constant. However, for non‐isothermal cases, the DOA is within the worst and the best case scenarios of the ETA. The approaches are compared to the simple stress histories and several thermo‐mechanical fatigue (TMF) cycle types.
Excitatory actions of substance P in the rat lateral posterior nucleus
Authors: Paul Kush , Cox Charles L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe lateral posterior nucleus (LP) receives inputs from both neocortex and superior colliculus (SC), and is involved with integration and processing of higher‐level visual information. Relay neurons in LP contain tachykinin receptors and are innervated by substance P (SP)‐containing SC neurons and by layer V neurons of the visual cortex. In this study, we investigated the actions of SP on LP relay neurons using whole‐cell recording techniques. SP produced a graded depolarizing response in LP neurons along the rostro‐caudal extent of the lateral subdivision of LP nuclei (LPl), with a significantly larger response in rostral LPl neurons compared with caudal LPl neurons. In rostral LPl, SP (5–2000 nm) depolarized nearly all relay neurons tested (> 98%) in a concentration‐dependent manner. Voltage‐clamp experiments revealed that SP produced an inward current associated with a decreased conductance. The inward current was mediated primarily by neurokinin receptor (NK)1 tachykinin receptors, although significantly smaller inward currents were produced by specific NK2 and NK3 receptor agonists. The selective NK1 receptor antagonist RP67580 attenuated the SP‐mediated response by 71.5% and was significantly larger than the attenuation of the SP response obtained by NK2 and NK3 receptor antagonists, GR159897 and SB222200, respectively. The SP‐mediated response showed voltage characteristics consistent with a K+ conductance, and was attenuated by Cs+, a K+ channel blocker. Our data suggest that SP may modulate visual information that is being processed and integrated in the LPl with inputs from collicular sources.
Dynamics of early locomotor network dysfunction following a focal lesion in an in vitro model of spinal injury
Authors: Taccola Giuliano , Mladinic Miranda , Nistri Andrea 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIt is unclear how a localized spinal cord injury may acutely affect locomotor networks of segments initially spared by the lesion. To investigate the process of secondary damage following spinal injury, we used the in vitro model of the neonatal rat isolated spinal cord with transverse barriers at the low thoracic–upper lumbar region to allow focal application of kainate in hypoxic and aglycemic solution (with reactive oxygen species). The time‐course and nature of changes in spinal locomotor networks downstream of the lesion site were investigated over the first 24 h, with electrophysiological recordings monitoring fictive locomotion (alternating oscillations between flexor and extensor motor pools on either side) and correlating any deficit with histological alterations. The toxic solution irreversibly suppressed synaptic transmission within barriers without blocking spinal reflexes outside. This effect was focally associated with extensive white matter damage and ventral gray neuronal loss. Although cell losses were < 10% outside barriers, microglial activation with neuronal phagocytosis was detected. Downstream motor networks still generated locomotor activity 24 h later when stimulated with N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) and serotonin, but not with repeated dorsal root stimuli. In the latter case, cumulative depolarization was recorded from ventral roots at a slower rate of rise, suggesting failure to recruit network premotoneurons. Our data indicate that, within the first 24 h of injury, locomotor networks below the lesion remained morphologically intact and functional when stimulated by NMDA and serotonin. Nevertheless, microglial activation and inability to produce locomotor patterns by dorsal afferent stimuli suggest important challenges to long‐term network operation.
Injury‐induced neural stem/progenitor cells in post‐stroke human cerebral cortex
Authors: Nakayama Daisuke , Matsuyama Tomohiro , Ishibashi‐Ueda Hatsue , Nakagomi Takayuki , Kasahara Yukiko , Hirose Haruka , Kikuchi‐Taura Akie , Stern David M. , Mori Hidezo , Taguchi Akihiko 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIncreasing evidence points to accelerated neurogenesis after stroke, and support of such endogenous neurogenesis has been shown to improve stroke outcome in experimental animal models. The present study analyses post‐stroke cerebral cortex after cardiogenic embolism in autoptic human brain. Induction of nestin‐ and musashi‐1‐positive cells, potential neural stem/progenitor cells, was observed at the site of ischemic lesions from day 1 after stroke. These two cell populations were present at distinct locations and displayed different temporal profiles of marker expression. However, no surviving differentiated mature neural cells were observed by 90 days after stroke in the previously ischemic region. Consistent with recent reports of neurogenesis in the cerebral cortex after induction of stroke in rodent models, the present current data indicate the presence of a regional regenerative response in human cerebral cortex. Furthermore, observations underline the potential importance of supporting survival and differentiation of endogenous neural stem/progenitor cells in post‐stroke human brain.
The mushroom bodies – prominent brain centres of arthropods and annelids with enigmatic evolutionary origin
Authors: Loesel Rudi , Heuer Carsten M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLoesel, R. and Heuer, C.M. 2010. The mushroom bodies – prominent brain centres of arthropods and annelids with enigmatic evolutionary origin. —Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 91: 29–34Mushroom bodies (MBs) are the most prominent and conspicuous neuropils in the brain of arthropods, onychophorans and vagile polychaete annelids but have not been described in any other animal group with complex brain architecture. Due to a number of unique neuroanatomical characters MBs can easily be identified and distinguished from other brain centres. However, their evolutionary origin and the question whether MBs are homologous structures is still under debate. This paper will briefly summarize the available morphological data and their implications with respect to the molecular evidence on early metazoan radiation. Unraveling the origin of MBs is an example of the challenges neurophylogenists will face in the future, especially so since it will signify a major step towards reconstructing early metazoan brain evolution.
From genomes to morphology: a view from amphioxus
Authors: Holland Peter W. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractHolland, P.W.H. 2010. From genomes to morphology: a view from amphioxus. —Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 91: 81–86As complete genome sequences are determined from an ever‐increasing number of animal species, new opportunities are arising for comparative biology. For zoologists interested in the evolution of shape and form, however, there is a problem. The link between genome sequence and morphology is not direct and is obfuscated by complex and evolving genetic pathways, even when conserved regulatory genes are considered. Nonetheless, a large‐scale comparison of genome sequences between extant chordates reveals an intriguing parallel between genotypic and phenotypic evolution. Tunicates have highly altered genomes, with loss of ancestral genes and shuffled genetic arrangements, while vertebrate genomes are also derived through gene loss and genome duplication. The recently sequenced amphioxus genome, in contrast, reveals much greater stasis on the cephalochordate lineage, in parallel to a less derived body plan. The opportunities and challenges for relating genome evolution to morphological evolution are discussed.
Increasing inositol (1,4,5)‐trisphosphate metabolism affects drought tolerance, carbohydrate metabolism and phosphate‐sensitive biomass increases in tomato
Authors: Khodakovskaya Mariya , Sword Courtney , Wu Qian , Perera Imara Y. , Boss Wendy F. , Brown Christopher S. , Winter Sederoff Heike 
Published: December 2009

SummaryInositol‐(1,4,5)‐trisphosphate (InsP3) is a second messenger in plants that increases in response to many stimuli. The metabolic consequences of this signalling pathway are not known. We reduced the basal level of InsP3 in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Micro‐Tom) by expressing the human type I inositol polyphosphate 5‐phosphatase (InsP 5‐ptase) gene. Transgenic lines producing InsP 5‐ptase protein had between 15% and 30% of the basal InsP3 level of control plants. This increased hydrolysis of InsP3 caused dramatic increases in drought tolerance, vegetative biomass and lycopene and hexose concentrations in the fruits. Transcript profiling of root, leaf and fruit tissues identified a small group of genes, including a cell‐wall invertase inhibitor gene, that were differentially regulated in all tissues of the InsP 5‐ptase expressing plants. Significant differences were found in the amounts of carbohydrates and organic phosphate in these plants. Plants with increased hydrolysis of InsP3 in the cytosol also showed increased net CO2‐fixation and sucrose export into sink tissue and storage of hexoses in the source leaves. The increase in biomass was dependent on the supply of inorganic phosphate in the nutrient medium. Uptake and storage of phosphate was increased in the transgene expressing lines. This suggests that in tomato, increased flux through the inositol phosphate pathway uncoupled phosphate sensing from phosphate metabolism. Altering the second messenger, InsP3, revealed multiple coordinated changes in development and metabolism in tomato that have potential for crop improvement.
Conversational agents in virtual worlds: Bridging disciplines
Authors: Veletsianos George , Heller Robert , Overmyer Scott , Procter Mike 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis paper examines the effective deployment of conversational agents in virtual worlds from the perspective of researchers/practitioners in cognitive psychology, computing science, learning technologies and engineering. From a cognitive perspective, the major challenge lies in the coordination and management of the various channels of information associated with conversation/communication and integrating this information with the virtual space of the environment and the belief space of the user. From computing science, the requirements include conversational competency, use of nonverbal cues, animation consistent with affective states, believability, domain competency and user adaptability. From a learning technologies perspective, the challenge is to maximise the considerable affordances provided by conversational avatars in virtual worlds balanced against ecologically valid investigations regarding utility. Finally, the engineering perspective focuses on the technical competency required to implement effective and functional agents, and the associated costs to enable student access. Taken together, the four perspectives draw attention to the quality of the agent–user interaction, how theory, practice and research are closely intertwined, and the multidisciplinary nature of this area with opportunities for cross fertilisation and collaboration.
Genetic status of an endemic marine mammal, the Australian fur seal, following historical harvesting
Authors: Lancaster M. L. , Arnould J. P. Y. , Kirkwood R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractGenetic variation, and the way in which it is partitioned among populations, has implications for a species' survival and evolutionary potential. Such information is particularly important for the successful conservation and management of species that have experienced past human impacts and potential losses of genetic diversity. Overharvesting of the Australian fur seal Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus in the 18th and 19th centuries resulted in severe population reductions and elimination of an estimated 17 of 26 colonies. Currently, the subspecies is recovering and c. 20 000 pups are produced annually at 13 colony sites, most of which are situated in Bass Strait in south‐eastern Australia. Genetic analysis of samples collected from pups captured at nine colonies revealed no difference in allelic diversity or heterozygosity at five microsatellite loci and no differences in haplotype diversity within a 344 bp region of the mitochondrial DNA control region. There was some evidence for isolation by distance but the program structure predicted a single cluster of individuals. Gene flow among colonies appears to be substantial at present, indicating that the Australian fur seal is currently a single, panmictic unit.
One for all and all for one: the energetic benefits of huddling in endotherms
Authors: Gilbert Caroline , McCafferty Dominic , Le Maho Yvon , Martrette Jean‐Marc , Giroud Sylvain , Blanc Stéphane , Ancel André 
Published: December 2009

Huddling can be defined as “an active and close aggregation of animals”. It is a cooperative group behaviour, permitting individuals involved in social thermoregulation to minimize heat loss and thereby lower their energy expenditure, and possibly allowing them to reallocate the saved energy to other functions such as growth or reproduction. Huddling is especially important in the case of animals faced with high heat loss due to a high surface‐to‐volume ratio, poor insulation, or living in cold environments. Although numerous experimental studies have focused on the huddling behaviour of a wide range of species, to our knowledge, this is the first attempt to review the various implications of this widely used behavioural strategy.Huddling allows individuals to maximise energy savings by (1) decreasing their cold‐exposed body surface area, (2) reducing their heat loss through warming of ambient temperatures surrounding the group, and (3) eventually lowering their body temperature through physiological processes. Huddling provides substantial energy savings and is estimated to reduce energy expenditure by between 6 and 53%. Broad variations in the energetic benefits of huddling depend on the number of individuals and species involved in huddles, the ambient temperatures to which individuals are exposed and the density of the aggregations. It has been shown that huddling individuals have increased survival, a lower food intake, a decreased body mass loss, increased growth rate, reduced water loss, and/or a more constant body temperature together with a significant reduction in metabolic rate. Though huddling has been studied widely, this review reveals the intricacies of this adaptive behaviour.
Swedish District Nurses’ experiences on the use of information and communication technology for supporting people with serious chronic illness living at home – a case study
Authors: Nilsson Carina , Skär Lisa , Söderberg Siv 
Published: December 2009

Scand J Caring Sci; 2010; 24; 259–265

Swedish District Nurses’ experiences on the use of information and communication technology for supporting people with serious chronic illness living at home – a case study The aim of this case study was to describe two District Nurses’ (DN) experiences of using information and communication technology (ICT) to communicate with chronically ill people in their homes. An electronic messaging program via computers and mobile phones with an Internet connection was used, enabling DNs and the ill people to exchange messages to and from anywhere. The program comprised different virtual rooms, and communication was via text messages. The DNs in this study used the program two to four times each week from November 2003 to March 2004. Semi‐structured interviews were performed before, during and after the implementation of the new technology and were analysed using thematic content analysis. The results showed that the DNs felt that the technology increased accessibility to nursing care through a more direct communication with the ill person meaning that a more trusting relationship could be created. The DNs also experienced that the use of ICT saved working time. This study indicates that the use of ICT for communication allowed the DN to better support a chronically ill person at home leading to improved home nursing care. This method of communication cannot replace physical presence, but can be seen as a complement to nursing care at home.