bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peroxynitrite-Dependent Killing of Cancer Cells and Presentation of Released Tumor Antigens by Activated Dendritic Cells
Authors: Fraszczak Jennifer , Trad Malika , Janikashvili Nona , Cathelin Dominique , Lakomy Daniela , Granci Virginie , Morizot Alexandre , Audia Sylvain , Micheau Olivier , Lagrost Laurent , Katsanis Emmanuel , Solary Eric , Larmonier Nicolas , Bonnotte Bernard 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs), essential for the initiation and regulation of adaptive immune responses, have been used as anticancer vaccines. DCs may also directly trigger tumor cell death. In the current study, we have investigated the tumoricidal and immunostimulatory activities of mouse bone marrow-derived DCs. Our results indicate that these cells acquire killing capabilities toward tumor cells only when activated with LPS or Pam3Cys-SK4. Using different transgenic mouse models including inducible NO synthase or GP91 knockout mice, we have further established that LPS- or Pam3Cys-SK4–activated DC killing activity involves peroxynitrites. Importantly, after killing of cancer cells, DCs are capable of engulfing dead tumor cell fragments and of presenting tumor Ags to specific T lymphocytes. Thus, upon specific stimulation, mouse bone marrow-derived DCs can directly kill tumor cells through a novel peroxynitrite-dependent mechanism and participate at virtually all levels of antitumor immune responses, which reinforces their interest in immunotherapy.
Th17 Cells Are the Dominant T Cell Subtype Primed by Shigella flexneri Mediating Protective Immunity
Authors: Sellge Gernot , Magalhaes Joao G. , Konradt Christoph , Fritz Jörg H. , Salgado-Pabon Wilmara , Eberl Gérard , Bandeira Antonio , Di Santo James P. , Sansonetti Phillippe J. , Phalipon Armelle 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
The T cell response to Shigella, the causative agent of bacillary dysentery, remains poorly understood. Using a murine model of infection, we report that Shigella flexneri primes predominately IL-17A– and IL-22–producing Th17 cells. Shigella-specific Th1 cells are only significantly induced on secondary infection, whereas specific Th2 and CD8+ T cells are undetectable. Apart from Th17 cells that are primed in a MHC class II- and IL-6–dependent, but IL12/23p40-independent manner, we identified γδ T cells as an additional but minor source of IL-17A. Priming of IL-17A+ γδ T cells is dependent on IL12/23p40, but independent of MHC-class II and IL-6. Th17 cells have emerged as important players in inflammatory, autoimmune, and infectious diseases. Among the yet unresolved questions is their role in long-term immunity to pathogens. In this study, we show that the elicited S. flexneri-specific Th17 pool gives rise to an enhanced recall response up to 12 mo after priming, suggesting the presence of a long-term memory state. The clearance of primary infection is impaired in the absence of T cells, but independently of IL-17A. However, after reinfection, IL-17A produced by S. flexneri-specific Th17 cells becomes important to ultimately restrict bacterial growth. These findings bring new insights into the adaptive immune response to Shigella infection and highlight the importance of pathogen-specific Th17 cell immunity for secondary immune protection.
Natural Expression of the CD19 Antigen Impacts the Long-Term Engraftment but Not Antitumor Activity of CD19-Specific Engineered T Cells
Authors: Cheadle Eleanor J. , Hawkins Robert E. , Batha Hayley , O’Neill Allison L. , Dovedi Simon J. , Gilham David E. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
T cells gene-modified to express chimeric Ag receptors (CARs) have shown potent antitumor activity in vivo and are in clinical trials at locations worldwide. However, CAR activity has been investigated in mouse models in which Ag expression is restricted to the tumor. To explore the impact of normal tissue expression of the target Ag, we developed a mouse CD19-specific CAR to investigate antitumor efficacy against a syngeneic B cell lymphoma cell line within a background of normal CD19+ host B cells. Mouse T cells engrafted with the amCD19CD3ζ CAR specifically lysed A20 lymphoma targets and B cells in vitro. These T cells also eradicated a 12-d established disseminated A20 lymphoma in mice preconditioned with 6 Gy total body irradiation. In the short-term (7 d after adoptive transfer), amCD19z T cells underwent Ag-dependent proliferation in vivo with a concomitant depletion in host B cell levels. However, the levels of amCD19z CAR+ T cells decreased significantly at later time points, at which point host B cells returned, eventually reaching normal levels. In contrast, CAR+ T cells lacking a signaling domain or specificity for mCD19 persisted over extended periods in blood and spleen. Importantly, no overt clinical signs of autotoxicity were observed in tumor-free or tumor-bearing mice treated with amCD19z T cells over an extended period of time. These observations highlight the importance of studying the activity of CAR+ T cells in autologous models that have the normal range of tissue expression of Ag.
Enteric Flora Expands Gut Lamina Propria CX3CR1+ Dendritic Cells Supporting Inflammatory Immune Responses under Normal and Inflammatory Conditions
Authors: Niess Jan Hendrik , Adler Guido 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
CD103 or CX3CR1 surface expression defines distinct dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages in the murine lamina propria of the colon (cLP). We investigated the surface marker and functional phenotype of CD103+ and CX3CR1+ cLP DCs and their role in transfer colitis. cLP CD11c+ cells were isolated from specific pathogen-free or germ-free mice to elucidate the role of the commensal flora in their development. The cLP CD11c+ cells are a heterogeneous cell population that includes 16% CX3CR1+, 34% CD103+, 30% CD103−CX3CR1− DCs, and 17% CD68+/F4/80+CX3CR1+CD11c+ macrophages. All DCs expressed high levels of MHC II but low levels of costimulatory (CD40, CD86, and CD80) and coinhibitory (programmed death ligand-1) molecules. Ex vivo confocal microscopy demonstrated that CX3CR1+CD11c+ cells, but not CD103+ DCs, were reduced in the cLP of germ-free (CX3CR1-GFP) mice. The absence of the enteric flora prevents the formation of transepithelial processes by the CX3CR1+ DCs. CX3CR1+ DCs preferentially supported Th1/Th17 CD4 T cell differentiation. CD103+ DCs preferentially induced the differentiation of Foxp3-expressing regulatory T cells. The stimulation of cLP DCs with fractalkine/CX3CL1 increased the release of IL-6 and TNF-α. In the absence of CX3CR1, the CD45RBhigh CD4 transfer colitis was suppressed and associated with reduced numbers of DCs in the mesenteric lymph nodes and a reduction in serum IFN-γ and IL-17. The local bacteria-driven accumulation of CX3CR1+ DCs seems to support inflammatory immune responses.
Ro60-Associated Single-Stranded RNA Links Inflammation with Fetal Cardiac Fibrosis via Ligation of TLRs: A Novel Pathway to Autoimmune-Associated Heart Block
Authors: Clancy Robert M. , Alvarez David , Komissarova Elena , Barrat Franck J. , Swartz Jordan , Buyon Jill P. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractActivation of TLR by ssRNA after FcγR-mediated phagocytosis of immune complexes (IC) may be relevant in autoimmune-associated congenital heart block (CHB) where the obligate factor is a maternal anti-SSA/Ro Ab and the fetal factors, protein/RNA on an apoptotic cardiocyte and infiltrating macrophages. This study addressed the hypothesis that Ro60-associated ssRNAs link macrophage activation to fibrosis via TLR engagement. Both macrophage transfection with noncoding ssRNA that bind Ro60 and an IC generated by incubation of Ro60-ssRNA with an IgG fraction from a CHB mother or affinity purified anti-Ro60 significantly increased TNF-α secretion, an effect not observed using control RNAs or normal IgG. Dependence on TLR was supported by the significant inhibition of TNF-α release by IRS661 and chloroquine. The requirement for FcγRIIIa-mediated delivery was provided by inhibition with an anti-CD16a Ab. Fibrosis markers were noticeably increased in fetal cardiac fibroblasts after incubation with supernatants generated from macrophages transfected with ssRNA or incubated with the IC. Supernatants generated from macrophages with ssRNA in the presence of IRS661 or chloroquine did not cause fibrosis. In a CHB heart, but not a healthy heart, TLR7 immunostaining was localized to a region near the atrioventricular groove at a site enriched in mononuclear cells and fibrosis. These data support a novel injury model in CHB, whereby endogenous ligand, Ro60-associated ssRNA, forges a nexus between TLR ligation and fibrosis instigated by binding of anti-Ro Abs to the target protein likely accessible via apoptosis.
Stress-Induced Glucocorticoids at the Earliest Stages of Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Infection Suppress Subsequent Antiviral Immunity, Implicating Impaired Dendritic Cell Function
Authors: Elftman Michael D. , Hunzeker John T. , Mellinger Jennifer C. , Bonneau Robert H. , Norbury Christopher C. , Truckenmiller Mary E. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe systemic elevation of psychological stress-induced glucocorticoids strongly suppresses CD8+ T cell immune responses resulting in diminished antiviral immunity. However, the specific cellular targets of stress/glucocorticoids, the timing of exposure, the chronology of immunological events, and the underlying mechanisms of this impairment are incompletely understood. In this study, we address each of these questions in the context of a murine cutaneous HSV infection. We show that exposure to stress or corticosterone in only the earliest stages of an HSV-1 infection is sufficient to suppress, in a glucocorticoid receptor-dependent manner, the subsequent antiviral immune response after stress/corticosterone has been terminated. This suppression resulted in early onset and delayed resolution of herpetic lesions, reduced viral clearance at the site of infection and draining popliteal lymph nodes (PLNs), and impaired functions of HSV-specific CD8+ T cells in PLNs, including granzyme B and IFN-γ production and the ability to degranulate. In knockout mice lacking glucocorticoid receptors only in T cells, we show that these impaired CD8+ T cell functions are not due to direct effects of stress/corticosterone on the T cells, but the ability of PLN-derived dendritic cells to prime HSV-1–specific CD8+ T cells is functionally impaired. These findings highlight the susceptibility of critical early events in the generation of an antiviral immune response to neuroendocrine modulation and implicate dendritic cells as targets of stress/glucocorticoids in vivo. These findings also provide insight into the mechanisms by which the clinical use of glucocorticoids contributes to altered immune responses in patients with viral infections or tumors.
TLR9 Regulates TLR7- and MyD88-Dependent Autoantibody Production and Disease in a Murine Model of Lupus
Authors: Nickerson Kevin M. , Christensen Sean R. , Shupe Jonathan , Kashgarian Michael , Kim Daniel , Elkon Keith , Shlomchik Mark J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractSystemic lupus erythematosus is characterized by the production of autoantibodies against nucleic acid-associated Ags. We previously found that Tlr7 was required for anti-Sm and Tlr9 for anti-chromatin autoantibodies. Yet, although Tlr7 deficiency ameliorated disease, Tlr9 deficiency exacerbated it. Despite the mechanistic and clinical implications of this finding, it has yet to be elucidated. In this study, we characterize MRL/lpr lupus-prone mice genetically deficient in Tlr7, Tlr9, both Tlr7 and Tlr9, or Myd88 to test whether Tlr7 and Tlr9 function independently or instead regulate each other. We find that disease that is regulated by Tlr9 (and hence is worse in its absence) depends on Tlr7 for its manifestation. In addition, although Tlr7 and Tlr9 act in parallel pathways on different subsets of autoantibodies, Tlr9 also suppresses the production of Tlr7-dependent RNA-associated autoantibodies, suggesting previously unrecognized cross-regulation of autoantibody production as well. By comparing disease in mice deficient for Tlr7 and/or Tlr9 to those lacking Myd88, we also identify aspects of disease that have Tlr- and Myd88-independent components. These results suggest new models for how Tlr9 regulates and Tlr7 enhances disease and provide insight into aspects of autoimmune disease that are, and are not, influenced by TLR signals.
Method to describe curing in large epoxy samples
Authors: Kasza Krzysztof , Matysiak Lukasz , Malinowski Lukasz 
Published: January 2010

AbstractCuring kinetics models used in numerical simulations describe the exothermic chemical reaction of thermosetting materials. The mathematical formula known as Kamal's model is discussed in the following paper. Traditionally, the coefficients of Kamal's equations are estimated based on differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements and results from an experimental verification of such created curing kinetics model are presented. Furthermore, an inverse analysis is proposed for additional adjustment of the model. The new coefficients thus found provide better accuracy in the computer simulations. The methodology of development of the curing kinetics model is proposed as an alternative solution to the standard DSC measurements. Particularly, it could be useful for materials with a complex structure, such as composites. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 28:267–275, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/adv.20162
Polarization curves for an alkaline water electrolysis at a small pin vertical electrode to produce hydrogen
Authors: Mandin Ph. , Wüthrich R. , Roustan H. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractDuring two‐phase electrolysis for hydrogen production, according with alkaline–water electrolysis process, there are bubbles which are created at electrodes which imply a great hydrodynamic acceleration in the normal earth gravity field and then a quite important electrical properties and electrochemical processes disturbance, for both transport and reaction. This disturbance can lead to the modification of the local current density and to anode effects for example. In this work, a model experimental set‐up is studied. The vertical pine electrode of small electro active surface area is surrounded with a large surface counter electrode. The hydrogen production is performed at the working electrode and effort is focused here upon the global electrochemical cell electrical performances. The polarization curves intensity vs. applied voltage are experimentally measured and presented for different factors such as: the electro active species concentration, nature and counter electrode diameter factors. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Characterization and use of acid‐activated montmorillonite‐illite type of clay for lead(II) removal
Authors: Kennedy Oubagaranadin John U. , Murthy Z. V. P. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe natural local deposits of montmorillonite‐illite type of clay (MIC) were susceptible for acid activation. Raw clay was taken for experimentation, disintegrated on acid activation with sulfuric acid, which showed a particle size distribution. The montmorillonite and illite phases in the raw clay disappeared on acid activation and the activated clay, MIC(AA), showed with sodium‐aluminum‐silicate and beidellite phases apart from quartz (low) phase. The raw and acid‐activated clays were characterized using X‐ray powder diffractometry, X‐ray fluorescence, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, and energy dispersive X‐ray, and their adsorption capacities were compared. When tested for adsorption of Pb(II) in aqueous solutions, the acid‐activated clay showed about 50% increased adsorption than raw clay. Sips adsorption isotherm and pseudo‐second‐order kinetic models were found to be best for the batch adsorption data. Kinetic studies showed the existence of film diffusion and intraparticle diffusion. A two‐stage batch adsorber was designed for the removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Analysis of fluidization quality of a fluidized bed with staged gas feed for reactions involving gas‐volume reduction
Authors: Kai Takami , Furukawa Mitsunobu , Nakazato Tsutomu , Tsutsui Toshio , Mizuta Kei , Nakajima Mitsuyuki 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA significant defluidization occurs when carrying out reactions involving a decrease in gas volume in a fluidized catalyst bed. The cause of this phenomenon is a decrease in the gas velocity in the emulsion phase below the minimum fluidization velocity. Fluidization quality is improved by a staged gas feed when hydrogenation of CO2 is carried out. To evaluate the experimental results, two parameters are introduced; gas‐volume reduction rate and gas‐volume ratio. Fluidization quality and defluidization zone are indicated as a map using these parameters. The vertical distributions of these parameters are calculated using a reactor model to obtain operating lines. The calculation shows that fluidization quality can be improved by operating the reactor by avoiding the operating lines of the defluidization zone in the map. For this purpose, it is required to control the gas‐volume ratio at a level near unity and maintain the gas‐volume reduction rate below 0.01/s. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Support‐dependent activity of noble metal substituted oxide catalysts for the water gas shift reaction
Authors: Deshpande Parag A. , Madras Giridhar 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe water gas shift reaction was carried out over noble metal ion substituted nanocrystalline oxide catalysts with different supports. Spectroscopic studies of the catalysts before and after the reaction showed different surface phenomena occurring over the catalysts. Reaction mechanisms were proposed based upon the surface processes and intermediates formed. The dual site mechanism utilizing the oxide ion vacancies for water dissociation and metal ions for CO adsorption was proposed to describe the kinetics of the reaction over the reducible oxides like CeO2. A mechanism based on the interaction of adsorbed CO and the hydroxyl group was proposed for the reaction over ZrO2. A hybrid mechanism based on oxide ion vacancies and surface hydroxyl groups was proposed for the reaction over TiO2. The deactivation of the catalysts was also found to be support dependent. Kinetic models for both activation and deactivation were proposed. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Technical note: A new method for measuring long bone curvature using 3D landmarks and semi‐landmarks
Authors: De Groote Isabelle , Lockwood Charles A. , Aiello Leslie C. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractHere we describe and evaluate a new method for quantifying long bone curvature using geometric morphometric and semi‐landmark analysis of the human femur. The technique is compared with traditional ways of measuring subtense and point of maximum curvature using either coordinate calipers or projection onto graph paper. Of the traditional methods the graph paper method is more reliable than using coordinate calipers. Measurement error is consistently lower for measuring point of maximum curvature than for measuring subtense. The results warrant caution when comparing data collected by the different traditional methods. Landmark data collection proves reliable and has a low measurement error. However, measurement error increases with the number of semi‐landmarks included in the analysis of curvature. Measurements of subtense can be estimated more reliably using 3D landmarks along the curve than using traditional techniques. We use equidistant semi‐landmarks to quantify the curve because sliding the semi‐landmarks masks the curvature signal. Principal components analysis of these equidistant semi‐landmarks provides the added benefit of describing the shape of the curve. These results are promising for functional and forensic analysis of long bone curvature in modern human populations and in the fossil record. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Morphology and function of the lumbar spine of the Kebara 2 Neandertal
Authors: Been Ella , Peleg Smadar , Marom Assaf , Barash Alon 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe morphology of the lumbar spine is crucial for upright posture and bipedal walking in hominids. The excellent preservation of the lumbar spine of Kebara 2 provides us a rare opportunity to observe a complete spine and explore its functionally relevant morphology. The lumbar spine of Kebara 2 is analyzed and compared with the lumbar spines of modern humans and late Pleistocene hominids. Although no size differences between the vertebral bodies and pedicles of Kebara 2 and modern humans are found, significant differences in the size and orientation of the transverse processes (L1‐L4), and the laminae (L5, S1) are demonstrated. The similarity in the size of the vertebral bodies and pedicles of Kebara 2 and modern humans suggests similarity in axial load transmission along the lumbar spine. The laterally projected (L2‐L4) and the cranially oriented (L1, L3) transverse processes of Kebara 2 show an advantage for lateral flexion of the lumbar spine compared with modern humans. The characteristic morphology of the lumbar spine of Kebara 2 might be related to the wide span of its pelvic bones. Am J Phys Anthropol 142:549–557, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of hyperbranched poly(3‐methyl‐3‐hydroxymethyloxetane) and their application to separate basic proteins by adsorption coated column
Authors: Shou Chongqi , Song Nanjing , Zhang Zhiliang 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA series of hyperbranched poly(3‐methyl‐3‐hydroxymethyloxetane)s with different degree of branching were synthesized using BF3·OEt2 as initiator and coated on the inner surface of the fused‐silica capillaries. In the pH range of 3–9, the coated capillaries reduced electro‐osmotic flow by about four times lower than the bare fused‐silica capillary. The coated capillaries also displayed good resistance to adsorption of cationic proteins, providing clean separations of a mixture of Lysozyme, Cytochrome c, and Ribonuclease A around pH 3–6 in phosphate buffer. The separation efficiency in terms of peak shape was excellent compared with bare fuse‐silica capillary. The separation efficiency of hyperbranched poly(3‐methyl‐3‐hydroxymethyloxetane) with degree of branching of 0.43‐coated capillary column for Lysozyme reached 106 plates/m with a resolution of 7.1, and the coated capillary column had good migration time reproducibility. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Simulation of polyester melt spinning with axial quench for increasing productivity
Authors: Sumesh P.T. , Mathur T.P. , Agarwal U.S. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractProduction of polyester filament involves melt spinning into partially oriented yarn (POY), followed by drawing to enhance the bulk and mechanical properties. The industrial demand of increasing productivity is generally met by increasing POY melt spinning speeds, which is limited by increasing polymer chain orientation (and reducing residual drawability) in the POY produced at higher spinning speeds. Modification of the quench geometry during melt spinning is claimed to allow reduction of air drag and polymer chain orientation, permitting an increase in productivity during melt spinning into POY. We present a simple way for modeling the quenching of molten filaments under the modified (axial) air flow. Numerical simulations of the melt spinning are developed to demonstrate the influence of the quench geometry modification as we compare the process with the conventional cross‐flow quench and the modified axial quench. We find that increasing quench air flow reduces the polymer chain orientation, in contrast to the well known effect in cross‐flow quench. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010