bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global expression analysis of the brown alga Ectocarpus siliculosus (Phaeophyceae) reveals large-scale reprogramming of the transcriptome in response to abiotic stress
Authors: Dittami Simon M , Scornet Delphine , Petit Jean-Louis , Ségurens Béatrice , Da Silva Corinne , Corre Erwan , Dondrup Michael , Glatting Karl-Heinz , König Rainer , Sterck Lieven , Rouzé Pierre , Van de Peer Yves , Cock J Mark , Boyen Catherine , Tonon Thierry 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Background
Brown algae (Phaeophyceae) are phylogenetically distant from red and green algae and an important component of the coastal ecosystem. They have developed unique mechanisms that allow them to inhabit the intertidal zone, an environment with high levels of abiotic stress. Ectocarpus siliculosus is being established as a genetic and genomic model for the brown algal lineage, but little is known about its response to abiotic stress.

Results
Here we examine the transcriptomic changes that occur during the short-term acclimation of E. siliculosus to three different abiotic stress conditions (hyposaline, hypersaline and oxidative stress). Our results show that almost 70% of the expressed genes are regulated in response to at least one of these stressors. Although there are several common elements with terrestrial plants, such as repression of growth-related genes, switching from primary production to protein and nutrient recycling processes, and induction of genes involved in vesicular trafficking, many of the stress-regulated genes are either not known to respond to stress in other organisms or are have been found exclusively in E. siliculosus.

Conclusions
This first large-scale transcriptomic study of a brown alga demonstrates that, unlike terrestrial plants, E. siliculosus undergoes extensive reprogramming of its transcriptome during the acclimation to mild abiotic stress. We identify several new genes and pathways with a putative function in the stress response and thus pave the way for more detailed investigations of the mechanisms underlying the stress tolerance ofbrown algae.
Plasma Selenium, Manganese Superoxide Dismutase, and Intermediate- or High-Risk Prostate Cancer
Authors: Chan June M. , Oh William K. , Xie Wanling , Regan Meredith M. , Stampfer Meir J. , King Irena B. , Abe Miyako , Kantoff Philip W. 
Published: June 2009

PurposeIn vitro, in vivo, and epidemiologic studies support a role for selenium in reducing the risk of prostate cancer. Our group previously demonstrated a strong interaction between plasma selenium and the manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) gene and incident prostate cancer risk. We now hypothesized that SOD2 modifies the association between selenium level and risk of aggressive prostate cancer at diagnosis.Patients and MethodsWe assessed SOD2 variants and plasma selenium in 489 patients with localized/locally advanced prostate cancer from an ongoing retrospective cohort. Cross-sectional associations with aggressive prostate cancer (ie, stage T2b-3, prostate-specific antigen > 10 ng/mL, or biopsy Gleason score ≥ 7) were evaluated using the χ2test, Cochran-Armitage test for trend, and estimations of relative risk (RR) and 95% CIs.ResultsSOD2 genotype alone was not associated with disease aggressiveness, whereas higher versus lower selenium levels were associated with a slightly increased likelihood of presenting with aggressive disease (RR = 1.35; 95% CI, 0.99 to 1.84). There was evidence of an interaction between SOD2 and selenium levels such that among men with the AA genotype, higher selenium levels were associated with a reduced risk of presenting with aggressive disease (RR = 0.60; 95% CI, 0.32 to 1.12), whereas among men with a V allele, higher selenium levels were associated with an increased risk of aggressive disease (for VV or VA men, RR = 1.82; 95% CI, 1.27 to 2.61; P for interaction = .007).ConclusionThese data suggest that the relationship between circulating selenium levels at diagnosis and prognostic risk of prostate cancer is modified by SOD2 genotype and indicate caution against broad use of selenium supplementation for men with prostate cancer.
Multicenter Study of Decitabine Administered Daily for 5 Days Every 4 Weeks to Adults With Myelodysplastic Syndromes: The Alternative Dosing for Outpatient Treatment (ADOPT) Trial
Authors: Steensma David P. , Baer Maria R. , Slack James L. , Buckstein Rena , Godley Lucy A. , Garcia-Manero Guillermo , Albitar Maher , Larsen Julie S. , Arora Sujata , Cullen Michael T. , Kantarjian Hagop 
Published: June 2009

Purpose Decitabine, a DNA-targeted hypomethylating agent, is approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for treatment of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) on a schedule of 15 mg/m2 administered via intravenous (IV) infusion every 8 hours for 3 days. This study assessed the efficacy and safety of an alternative dosing regimen administered on an outpatient basis in academic and community-based practices. Patients and Methods Patients were treated with decitabine 20 mg/m2 by IV infusion daily for 5 consecutive days every 4 weeks. Eligible patients were ≥ 18 years of age and had MDS (de novo or secondary) of any French-American-British (FAB) subtype and an International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) score ≥ 0.5. The primary end point was the overall response rate (ORR) by International Working Group (IWG 2006) criteria; secondary end points included cytogenetic responses, hematologic improvement (HI), response duration, survival, and safety. Results Ninety-nine patients were enrolled; the ORR was 32% (17 complete responses [CR] plus 15 marrow CRs [mCRs]), and the overall improvement rate was 51%, which included 18% HI. Similar response rates were observed in all FAB subtypes and IPSS risk categories. Among patients who improved, 82% demonstrated responses by the end of cycle 2. Among 33 patients assessable for a cytogenetic response, 17 (52%) experienced cytogenetic CR (n = 11) or partial response (n = 6). Conclusion Decitabine given on a 5-day schedule provided meaningful clinical benefit for patients with MDS, with more than half demonstrating improvement. This suggests that decitabine can be administered in an outpatient setting with comparable efficacy and safety to the United States Food and Drug Administration–approved inpatient regimen.
Macrophage Markers in Serum and Tumor Have Prognostic Impact in American Joint Committee on Cancer Stage I/II Melanoma
Authors: Jensen Trine O. , Schmidt Henrik , Møller Holger Jon , Høyer Morten , Maniecki Maciej Bogdan , Sjoegren Pia , Christensen Ib Jarle , Steiniche Torben 
Published: June 2009

Purpose To evaluate the prognostic role of soluble CD163 (sCD163) in serum and macrophage infiltration in primary melanomas from patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage I/II melanoma. The scavenger receptor CD163 is associated with anti-inflammatory macrophages, and it is shed from their surface. Patients and Methods Serum samples from 227 patients with stage I/II melanoma obtained before definitive surgery (baseline) and during 5 years of follow-up were analyzed for sCD163 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Excised formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded primary melanomas from 190 patients were available for immunohistochemical analyzes of CD163+ and CD68+ macrophage infiltration. They were estimated semiquantitatively in three different tumor compartments: tumor nests, tumor stroma, and at the invasive front of the tumor. Results Serum sCD163 treated as an updated continuous covariate as well as the baseline value were analyzed together with the covariate's ulceration and thickness in a Cox proportional hazards model. sCD163 was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (baseline, hazard ratio [HR] = 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1 to 1.7; P = .01; and updated, HR = 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1 to 1.8; P = .003). Melanomas with dense CD163+ macrophage infiltration in tumor stroma and CD68+ macrophage infiltration at the invasive front were associated with poor overall survival (CD163, HR = 2.7; 95% CI, 0.8 to 9.3; P = .11; and CD68, HR = 2.8; 95% CI, 1.2 to 6.8; P = .02) independent (borderline for CD163) of thickness and ulceration. Conclusion Both serum levels of sCD163 and the presence of CD68+ macrophage infiltration at the tumor invasive front are independent predictors of survival in AJCC stage I/II melanoma. CD163+ cell infiltration in tumor stroma may be predictive of survival.
A randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of structured patient interactions on pharmacy students' counselling behaviours and attitudes
Authors: Guirguis Lisa M , Chewning Betty A , Kieser Mara A 
Published: June 2009

Abstract

Objectives
To determine whether pharmacy students who performed Diabetes Checks with patients have greater improvements in attitudes and behaviour regarding monitoring than students who performed a control activity. The Diabetes Check is a brief structured interaction that was designed to facilitate patient-pharmacist conversations about monitoring A1c, blood pressure and cholesterol (diabetes ABCs).

Methods
A randomized controlled trial was conducted where students in the intervention group performed five to ten Diabetes Checks. In the control group, students performed two drug-profile reviews for patients with diabetes. Students completed a pre- and post-assessment of the frequency of monitoring behaviour and attitudes, including self-efficacy, outcome expectancies, role beliefs (counselling role orientation and monitoring role orientation) and mattering. Improvements in behaviours and attitudes were assessed with bivariate and multiple linear regression. The study setting was University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy and its affiliated Ambulatory Pharmaceutical Care Clerkship community pharmacies. Key findings Of 130 students, 119 (92%) completed surveys at both time points. Students who completed the Diabetes Check intervention had greater improvements in the frequency of monitoring patients' A1c values and in their counselling role orientation than control group students.

Conclusions
The Diabetes Check improved pharmacy students' monitoring behaviour and general counselling beliefs. The Diabetes Check is a practical intervention to get patients and pharmacy students working together to monitor diabetes and potentially improve patient health.
Nonenzymatic Regioselective Acylation of Carbohydrates
Authors: Kawabata Takeo , Furuta Takumi 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
A nonenzymatic one-step procedure for the chemo- and regioselective acylation of carbohydrates has been developed. With 1 mol % of an organocatalyst, acylation of octyl β-d-glucopyranoside took place preferentially on the secondary hydroxy group at C(4) among four hydroxy groups including the primary hydroxy group at C(6) in 99% selectivity and in 98% yield. This could be alternatively achieved by a conventional protection/deprotection procedure via five steps and in 46% overall yield. Thus, development of the present process is expected to contribute to extremely shorten synthetic steps of carbohydrates.
Oxygen Evolution from Water Catalyzed by Mononuclear Ruthenium Complexes with a Triazamacrocyclic Ligand in a Facial Fashion
Authors: Yoshida Masaki , Masaoka Shigeyuki , Sakai Ken 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
[Ru(tmtacn)(R2bpy)(OH2)]2+ (tmtacn = 1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane; R2bpy = 4,4′-disubstituted-2,2′-bipyridines, R=H, Me, and OMe) with tmtacn ligated in a facial fashion is found to be active as O2-evolving catalysts. It is also found that the stronger electron-donating character of R2bpy gives rise to the higher O2-evolving activity.
Mutual Chiral Discrimination between Tricationic and Trianionic Sulfur-bridged Tricobalt(III) Complexes
Authors: Yuan Hou Qun , Igashira-Kamiyama Asako , Tsuge Kiyoshi , Konno Takumi 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Treatment of the racemic (Δ)2⁄(Λ)2 isomer of the tricationic complex, [Co3(aet)6]3+ ([1]3+), with the optically active (ΛLLL)2 isomer of the trianionic complex, [Co3(l-cys-N,S)6]3− ([2]3−), afforded only the (Δ)2(ΛLLL)2 isomer of the complex salt, [Co3(aet)6][Co3(l-cys-N,S)6] (3), the structure of which was determined by X-ray crystallography. The selective formation of this isomer was also observed when the racemic isomer of [1]3+ was treated with a 1:1 mixture of the (ΔLLL)2 and (ΛLLL)2 isomers of [2]3−.
Syntheses and Physicochemical Properties of New Ionic Liquids Based on the Hexafluorouranate Anion
Authors: Kanatani Takatsugu , Matsumoto Kazuhiko , Hagiwara Rika 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
The first syntheses of a series of ionic liquids based on the hexafluorouranate(V) anion are described along with their physicochemical and electrochemical properties. The green room-temperature ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorouranate (EMImUF6), exhibits a conductivity of 7.9 mS cm−1, viscosity of 59 cP, and electrochemical window of 2.3 V at 298 K.
Do psychologically‐minded clients expect more from counselling?
Authors: Beitel Mark , Hutz Aida , Sheffield Kristin M. , Gunn Chris , Cecero John J. , Barry Declan T. 
Published: June 2009

Objectives. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between psychological mindedness and clients' expectations about counselling.Design. A cross‐sectional design was employed to assess correlations among study variables.Methods. Participants were 104 counselling‐centre clients at a mid‐size, Southwestern US university. Participant volunteers filled out the Psychological Mindedness Scale, life orientation test‐revised (LOT‐R), and the expectations‐about‐counselling questionnaire.Results. Clients who reported higher levels of psychological mindedness (PM) reported greater expectations of self‐involvement in counselling and greater expectations of positive outcome. In contrast, PM was not significantly related to clients' expectations about their counsellors' in‐session behaviour or to expectations about their counsellors' general personality style. Dispositional optimism (LOT‐R) did not play a major role in the relationship between PM and expectations about counselling.Conclusions. High PM clients do seem to expect more from counselling than low PM clients, particularly in terms of self‐involvement in the process and with respect to positive outcome. Consequently, therapists should consider assessing clients' PM, expectations, and the relationship between PM and expectations.
Structured decision making as a conceptual framework to identify thresholds for conservation and management
Authors: Martin Julien , Runge Michael C. , Nichols James D. , Lubow Bruce C. , Kendall William L. 
Published: June 2009

Thresholds and their relevance to conservation have become a major topic of discussion in the ecological literature. Unfortunately, in many cases the lack of a clear conceptual framework for thinking about thresholds may have led to confusion in attempts to apply the concept of thresholds to conservation decisions. Here, we advocate a framework for thinking about thresholds in terms of a structured decision making process. The purpose of this framework is to promote a logical and transparent process for making informed decisions for conservation.Specification of such a framework leads naturally to consideration of definitions and roles of different kinds of thresholds in the process. We distinguish among three categories of thresholds. Ecological thresholds are values of system state variables at which small changes bring about substantial changes in system dynamics. Utility thresholds are components of management objectives (determined by human values) and are values of state or performance variables at which small changes yield substantial changes in the value of the management outcome. Decision thresholds are values of system state variables at which small changes prompt changes in management actions in order to reach specified management objectives. The approach that we present focuses directly on the objectives of management, with an aim to providing decisions that are optimal with respect to those objectives. This approach clearly distinguishes the components of the decision process that are inherently subjective (management objectives, potential management actions) from those that are more objective (system models, estimates of system state). Optimization based on these components then leads to decision matrices specifying optimal actions to be taken at various values of system state variables. Values of state variables separating different actions in such matrices are viewed as decision thresholds. Utility thresholds are included in the objectives component, and ecological thresholds may be embedded in models projecting consequences of management actions. Decision thresholds are determined by the above‐listed components of a structured decision process. These components may themselves vary over time, inducing variation in the decision thresholds inherited from them. These dynamic decision thresholds can then be determined using adaptive management. We provide numerical examples (that are based on patch occupancy models) of structured decision processes that include all three kinds of thresholds.
Aphid fecundity and grassland invasion: Invader life history is the key
Authors: Borer Elizabeth T. , Adams Vincent T. , Engler Gareth A. , Adams Autumn L. , Schumann Canan B. , Seabloom Eric W. 
Published: June 2009

Loss or gain of pathogens can determine the trajectory of biological invasions, and invasion by novel hosts also can alter pathogen dynamics to facilitate invasion. Recent empirical and theoretical work has implicated infection by barley and cereal yellow dwarf viruses (B/CYDV), a group of generalist pathogens of the Poaceae family (grasses), as a necessary precursor to the invasion of over 9 million hectares of California's perennial grasslands by exotic annual grasses. The mechanism underlying this pathogen‐mediated invasion hypothesis is elevated vector fecundity on exotic annual grasses. While empirical evidence supports this hypothesis, the links between aphid fecundity, host identity, and host resource supply have not been thoroughly assessed. We performed field and laboratory experiments to examine the fecundity and preference responses of three of the most common aphid vectors of B/CYDV, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.), R. maidis (Fitch), and Sitobion avenae (Fab.), to a combination of host life history (annual and perennial), host provenance (native and exotic), and nutrient supply (mineral N and P fertilization), controlling for host phylogenetic lineage. Aphids consistently had higher fecundity on annual grasses than perennials, regardless of host provenance, age, or nutrient fertilization. In addition, aphids preferentially colonized annual hosts when offered a choice among host species. Multigeneration studies have found that nutrient addition affects both host quality and composition in natural communities; our experimental results indicate that the indirect effects of nutrient fertilization in determining host community composition are of more importance than are the direct effects on host quality to aphid population dynamics.To summarize the applications of our results, we demonstrate that, in contrast to the current focus on the qualitative differences between invaders and natives, the impact of invasive exotic grasses is not due to host provenance, per se, but arises because the annual invaders differ qualitatively from the native species in interactions with shared pathogen vectors. More generally, our work demonstrates the importance of isolating whether the fate and impacts of an invader are, at their root, due to the provenance of the invader, or due to other characteristics that determine its functional uniqueness in the context of the native community.
Impact of groundwater abstraction on physical habitat of brown trout (Salmo trutta) in a small Danish stream
Authors: Olsen M. , Boegh E. , Pedersen S. , Pedersen M. F. 
Published: June 2009

The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of groundwater abstraction on stream discharge and physical habitat conditions for brown trout (Salmo trutta) in a small Danish stream. Stream discharge was simulated using a lumped hydrological model (NAM) and a scenario was set up for stream discharge reference conditions. Stream physical habitat conditions (WUA) were simulated for four life stages of trout using a hydraulic habitat model (RHYHABSIM). The impact of groundwater abstraction on WUA for trout was assessed by combined simulations from the NAM model and the RHYHABSIM model.
The model predicted that groundwater abstraction reduced median annual discharge by 37% and mean annual 90th percentile discharge by 82%. Summer discharge was relatively most affected by groundwater abstraction and WUA was therefore particularly affected by groundwater abstraction during summer. WUA for adult trout was mainly controlled by suitable water depths (&gt;40 cm) even under conditions without abstraction. On an annual basis WUA for fry and juvenile trout was most affected by abstraction. Future modelling should consider improving simulation of low discharges and preferably not use general hydrological models.
The reform of public water utilities: successful utility reform efforts as punctuated equilibria
Authors: Schwartz Klaas 
Published: June 2009

The reform of public water utilities has received increasing attention over the past decade. In this paper, the reform paths of five public water utilities from five different developing countries are compared. This paper finds that for each case, an external event or crisis brought the issue of water services high on to the political agenda, leading to a window of opportunity in which relatively radical reforms could be implemented.
However, as political support for continued reforms withered, performance improvements became difficult to sustain. Without continued political support, performance improvements can be followed by a relapse to poor performance.
Strongly representable atom structures of cylindric algebras
Authors: Hirsch Robin , Hodkinson Ian 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA cylindric algebra atom structure is said to be strongly representable if all atomic cylindric algebras with that atom structure are representable. This is equivalent to saying that the full complex algebra of the atom structure is a representable cylindric algebra. We show that for any finite n ≥ 3, the class of all strongly representable n-dimensional cylindric algebra atom structures is not closed under ultraproducts and is therefore not elementary.Our proof is based on the following construction. From an arbitrary undirected, loop-free graph Γ, we construct an n-dimensional atom structure , and prove, for infinite Γ, that is a strongly representable cylindric algebra atom structure if and only if the chromatic number of Γ is infinite. A construction of Erdős shows that there are graphs Γk(k < ω) with infinite chromatic number, but having a non-principal ultraproduct ΠDΓk whose chromatic number is just two. It follows that is strongly representable (each k < ω) but is not.
Cohomology of groups in o-minimal structures: acyclicity of the infinitesimal subgroup
Authors: Berarducci Alessandro 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBy recent work on some conjectures of Pillay, each definably compact group in a saturated o-minimal structure is an extension of a compact Lie group by a torsion free normal divisible subgroup, called its infinitesimal subgroup. We show that the infinitesimal subgroup is cohomologically acyclic. This implies that the functorial correspondence between definably compact groups and Lie groups preserves the cohomology.