bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response load extrapolation for wind turbines during operation based on average conditional exceedance rates
Authors: Toft Henrik Stensgaard , Naess Arvid , Saha Nilanjan , Sørensen John Dalsgaard 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTThe paper explores a recently developed method for statistical response load (load effect) extrapolation for application to extreme response of wind turbines during operation. The extrapolation method is based on average conditional exceedance rates and is in the present implementation restricted to cases where the Gumbel distribution is the appropriate asymptotic extreme value distribution. However, two extra parameters are introduced by which a more general and flexible class of extreme value distributions is obtained with the Gumbel distribution as a subclass. The general method is implemented within a hierarchical model where the variables that influence the loading are divided into ergodic variables and time‐invariant non‐ergodic variables.The presented method for statistical response load extrapolation was compared with the existing methods based on peak extrapolation for the blade out‐of‐plane bending moment and the tower mudline bending moment of a pitch‐controlled wind turbine. In general, the results show that the method based on average conditional exceedance rates predicts the extrapolated characteristic response loads at the individual mean wind speeds well and results in more consistent estimates than the methods based on peak extrapolation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, Crystal Structures, Thermal and Magnetic Properties of New Selenocyanato Coordination Polymers with Pyrazine as Co‐Ligand
Authors: Wriedt Mario , Näther Christian 
Published: February 2011

AbstractReaction of iron(II), cobalt(II) and nickel(II) selenocyanate with pyrazine in water at room temperature leads to the formation of the isotypic new ligand‐rich 1:2 (1:2 = ratio between metal and co‐ligand) compounds [M(NCSe)2(pyrazine)2]n (M = Fe (1), Co (2), Ni (3)). The crystal structure of 2 was determined by X‐ray single crystal analysis and those of 1 and 3 were refined from X‐ray powder data with the Rietveld method. In their crystal structure the metal(II) cations are coordinated by four pyrazine co‐ligands, which connect them into layers, and two terminally N‐bonded selenocyanato anions in a distorted octahedral arrangement. The terminal coordination mode of the selenocyanato anions was further emphasized by IR spectroscopic investigations. On heating, all compounds decompose in a single heating step without the formation of ligand‐deficient intermediates like previously reported for related thiocyanato compounds. Magnetic measurements of compound 1 show a long‐range antiferromagnetic ordering with an ordering temperature of TN = 6.7 K, which must be mediated by the aromatic π‐system of the pyrazine ligand, whereas 2 and 3 show only Curie–Weiss behavior with antiferromagnetic exchange interactions.
Uber die Peroxysalpetersäure
Authors: Schwarz Robert 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBei der Umsetzung zwischen N2O5 und H2O2 (100proz.) erfolgt schon bei−80° eine sehr lebhafte Reaktion, die auf die Entstehung einer Peroxysalpetersäure zurückgeführt wird. Die gebildete Verbindung ist sehr instabil und zerfällt bereits bei −30° explosionsartig. Ihre Isolierung in reinem Zustande gelang nicht. In verdünnenden Medien wie Eiscssig oder Wasser ist es möglich, bei bestimmten Konzentrationen beständige Lösungen der Peroxysäure herzustellen. Ein äquimolekulares Gemisch der 70proz. Lösungen von HNO3 und H2O2 bildet die obere Grenze für eine bei 20° gefahrlos zu handhabende und längere Zeit beständige Peroxysalpetersäurelösung, deren Formel sehr wahrscheinlich HNO4 ist. Konzentriertere Lösungen verpuffen infolge autokatalytischer Zersetzung unter spontaner Temperaturerhöhung. Die untere Grenze liegt bei einer etwa 20proz. Lösung, in der die Hydrolyse quantitativ wird.
Gewinnung des künstlich radioaktiven Kupfers 2964Cu in unwägbarer Menge aus Zinkchlorid
Authors: Erbacher Otto , Herr Wilfeid , Egidi Uesula 
Published: February 2011

AbstractDie Isolierung des Radiokupfers in unwägbarer Menge auf wasserstoff‐beladenem Platin gelingt gut bei Verwendung eines Platinbleches, das vorher mit aktivem Wasserstoff beladen wurde (Ausbeute etwa 75% der Ausgangsmenge). Noch günstiger liegt das Ergebnis bei der kathodischen Abscheidung (über 95%). In beiden Fällen ist eine vorausgehende Anreicherung an Zinkpulver notwendig. Die Verwendung eines Platinbleches als Träger des Radiokupfers erlaubt physikalische Untersuchungen seiner Strahlung, die an Mohr und Pulver schlecht durchführbar wären.
Zur Existenz des Tellur(II)‐oxyds
Authors: Glemser Oskar , Poscher Werner 
Published: February 2011

AbstractDurch Reaktion von Tellur mit Tellurdioxyd bei verschiedenen Temperaturen, durch thermische Zersetzung von TeSO3, sowie durch Oxydation von feinverteiltem Tellur mit Stickstoffdioxyd, gelingt es nicht, TeO darzustellen. Seine Existenz wird angezweifelt.
Surgical treatment of lymph node metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kobayashi Shin , Takahashi Shinichiro , Kato Yuichiro , Gotohda Naoto , Nakagohri Toshio , Konishi Masaru , Kinoshita Taira 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackgroundNo consensus has been reached on the feasibility and efficacy of surgery for lymph node metastases (LNM) from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsOf 2189 patients with HCC treated at our hospital between July 1992 and March 2008, we retrospectively reviewed the medical dossiers of the 18 patients (0.8%) who underwent lymph node resection and were pathologically diagnosed to have LNM from HCC. The surgical procedure for LNM was selective lymphadenectomy of those lymph nodes suspected to harbor metastasis. The feasibility and efficacy of selective lymphadenectomy was examined, and clinicopathological factors were analyzed with the aim of determining which patients would most benefit from surgery.ResultsEighteen patients underwent surgery without mortality or liver failure. Morbidities were found in four patients (22.2%). The median survival time (MST) after surgery was 29 months [95% confidence interval (CI) 21–38 months). The 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year overall survival rates were 85, 42, 21%. The median progression‐free survival (PFS) after surgery was 6 months (95% CI 1–11 months), and the median extrahepatic PFS was 16 months (95% CI 13–18 months). Single LNM was the only favorable prognostic factor after surgery (Hazard ratio 0.082, 95% CI 0.008−0.83).ConclusionSelective lymphadenectomy of LNM from HCC was a feasible and efficacious procedure. Survival rates can be expected to improve after selective lymphadenectomy of single LNM.
Review: Contextual factors influencing pain response to heelstick procedures in preterm infants: What do we know? A systematic review
Authors: Sellaml Gila , Cignaccol Eva L. , Craigl Kenneth D. , Engbergl Sandra 
Published: February 2011

AbstractMajor efforts to develop objective measurement tools for neonatal pain assessment have been made. However, the challenge of measuring pain in neonates remains suggesting that contextual factors (cFs) might alter their responses to pain. Although the role of cFs is increasingly discussed as crucial for pain assessment, they are not well described in the literature and are rarely considered in the clinical setting despite their importance.Aim: To systematically examine studies investigating the impact of cFs on pain response in preterm infants.Method: A literature search was undertaken for the period from 1990 to 2009. Studies reporting the relation between one or more cFs and pain response in preterm infants during a heelstick procedure were considered for inclusion.Results: Twenty‐three studies satisfied inclusion criteria. The studies varied relative to their design, sample, analysis procedures, and variables examined. Six categories of cFs emerged: age, pain exposure, health status, therapeutic interventions, behavioral status, and demographic factors. The examined cFs varied in the strength of their association with pain response, although none were invariably related, as evidenced by contradictory findings. In some cases the inconsistencies appeared attributable to methodological limitations in studies. Behavioral and physiological pain responses were not always in agreement as would be expected.Conclusion: This review supports the influence of some cFs on pain response. However, the results remain inconclusive which may be, in part, related to the heterogeneity of the studies. Contextual factors need further investigation for a better understanding of the magnitude of their effect on pain response.
Eosinophilic granuloma of the occipital bone in an adult: A case report
Authors: Loh Joon‐Khim , Su Yu‐Feng , Hwang Shiuh‐Lin , Chai Chee‐Yin , Howng Shen‐Long , Lieu Ann‐Shung 
Published: February 2011

AbstractEosinophilic granuloma (EG) refers to the most common and benign form of the disorder known as Langerhans' cell histiocytosis. The disease is typically found in children and adolescents and rarely affects adults. We present a case of EG in the occipital bone in a 36‐year‐old man, who visited our hospital with the chief complaint of left occipital palpable tumor mass with local tenderness and pain for one month. An X‐ray of the skull revealed a rounded osteolytic lesion. A computed tomography scan revealed a shadow of soft tissues in the left occipital site involving the entire thickness of the calvaria, which was indicative of marked destruction of the bone. The soft mass was successfully removed. The margins of the skull lesion were excised, and cranioplasty was performed simultaneously with bone cement. A definitive diagnosis of EG was made by histopathology and immunohistochemical detection of S‐100 antigen in the tissue samples. With respect to management, we believe surgery is the best option for most accessible cranial lesions of EG. A cranioplasty with bone cement or autologous bone can be performed in the same session to repair the cranial defect.
Paraganglioma of the urinary bladder first presented by bladder bloody tamponade: Two case reports and review of the literatures
Authors: Tsai Chia‐Chun , Wu Wen‐Jeng , Chueh Kuang‐Shun , Li Wei‐Ming , Huang Chun‐Hsiung , Wu Chun‐Chieh , Lee Mei‐Hui , Chen Szu‐Miao 
Published: February 2011

AbstractPheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (extra‐adrenal pheochromocytomas) are catecholamine‐secreting tumors. The paraganglioma of the urinary bladder is an uncommon neoplasm with a higher malignancy rate. Only about 60% of bladder paragangliomas presented with hematuria, and most of them were microscopic hematuria. Herein, we report two cases of bladder paraganglioma with bladder bloody tamponade. In Case 1, radical cystectomy and regional lymphadenectomy were performed for a huge bladder tumor and left pelvic lymph nodes metastasized. In Case 2, we chose endoscopic transurethral resection of the bladder tumor. Literatures since 1989 were also reviewed to illustrate the clinical characteristics and current treatments.
Oxygen isotope evidence of Little Ice Age aridity on the Caribbean slope of the Cordillera Central, Dominican Republic
Authors: Lane Chad S. , Horn Sally P. , Orvis Kenneth H. , Thomason John M. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractClimate change during the so-called Little Ice Age (LIA) of the 15th to 19th centuries was once thought to be limited to the high northern latitudes, but increasing evidence reflects significant climate change in the tropics. One of the hypothesized features of LIA climate in the low latitudes is a more southerly mean annual position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), which produced more arid conditions through much of the northern tropics. High-resolution stable oxygen isotope data and other sedimentary evidence from Laguna de Felipe, located on the Caribbean slope of the Cordillera Central of the Dominican Republic, support the hypothesis that the mean annual position of the ITCZ was displaced significantly southward during much of the LIA. Placed within the context of regional paleoclimate and paleoceanographic records, and reconstructions of global LIA climate, this shift in mean annual ITCZ position appears to have been induced by lower solar insolation and internal dynamical responses of the global climate system. Our results from Hispaniola further emphasize the global nature of LIA climate change and the sensitivity of circum-Caribbean climate conditions to what are hypothesized to be relatively small variations in global energy budgets.
Benefits of participatory plant breeding (PPB) as exemplified by the first-ever officially released PPB-bred sweet potato cultivar
Authors: GIBSON R. W. , MPEMBE I. , MWANGA R. O. M. 
Published: February 2011

SUMMARYNASPOT 11 is a recently released sweet potato cultivar, bred by participatory plant breeding (PPB) in Uganda. It is already grown extensively by farmers who call it Tomulabula. In on-farm and on-station yield trials, Tomulabula yielded as well as the researcher-bred variety NASPOT 1 and sometimes more than the local landraces Dimbuka and New Kawogo, which have also been released. Farmers were asked to what extent Tomulabula, NASPOT 1 (the most popular station-bred cultivar in Uganda) and the local indigenously bred cultivar they were currently growing satisfied 52 attributes previously identified by farmers as beneficial in sweet potato. Those cultivars whose breeding involved farmers (Tomulabula and the local cultivar) were perceived mostly to satisfy a broad range of attributes (i.e. had few ‘Very Bad’ scores) while those which involved researchers (Tomulabula and NASPOT 1) were the most frequently rated as ‘Very Good’ for specific attributes. Instances were observed and accounts given of how Tomulabula is sold at a premium and how it had improved farmers’ lives. These outcomes are attributed to PPB combining the strengths of farmers and researchers. The involvement of the Ugandan National Sweetpotato Program (UNSP) ensures that planting material will be conserved and also available in adequate amounts for official distribution.
The optimum shielding around a test charge in plasmas containing two negative ions
Authors: MOSLEM W. M. , SABRY R. , SHUKLA P. K. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis paper focuses on the progress in understanding the shielding around a test charge in the presence of ion-acoustic waves in multispecies plasmas, whose constituents are positive ions, two negative ions, and Boltzmann distributed electrons. By solving the linearized Vlasov equation with Poisson equation, the Debye–Hückel screening potential and wakefield (oscillatory) potential distribution around a test charge particle are derived. It is analytically found that both the Debye–Hückel potential and the wakefield potential are significantly modified due to the presence of two negative ions. The present results might be helpful to understand and to form new materials from plasmas containing two negative ions such as Xe+ − F− − SF−6 and Ar+ − F− − SF−6 plasmas, as well as to tackle extension of the test charge problem in multinegative ions' coagulation/agglomeration.
Conspicuous Silence: Veterans and the Depoliticization of War Memory in China
Authors: DIAMANT NEIL J. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis paper explores the unusually weak voice of Chinese war veterans in post-1949 politics society and culture. Although Chinese movies and television often feature military-related themes, it is rare to find frank and politicized depictions of China's military conflicts. In this respect, China departs sharply from the former Soviet Union—China's Leninist model for most of its formative years—as well as Vietnam, European inter-war fascist regimes and democracies. This paper argues that the relative weakness of authentic military voices in China can be traced to several peculiar features of modern Chinese history. The nature of warfare in China, as well as the absence of a national army, veteran organizations and a consensus over the legitimacy about China's wars, has led many to question the validity of veterans’ claims for a higher political and cultural status. Rather than allow veterans the space to portray war as they experienced it, intellectual elites in various cultural and propaganda offices dominate national war memory, presenting a simplistic and artificial rendering of China's wars.
Hell and Anxiety in Hobbes'sLeviathan
Authors: McClure Christopher Scott 
Published: February 2011

AbstractDespite his statements that the fear of damnation is greater than the fear of violent death, scholars have generally overlooked Hobbes's vision of hell. Hobbes's reinterpretation of hell is meant to redirect peoples' anxiety about whether they will get into heaven or hell into anxiety about whether there is a hell and if so, what it will be like. He did not expect that citizens of his state would accept his theology or that they would become secularists or atheists. He hoped that they would be left with an indeterminate belief they would be averse to examining. This becomes clear when Hobbes's theology is seen in light of his epistemology and his complex rhetorical strategy. Hobbes's theology has been rejected, but there is an affinity between his hopes for indeterminate belief and the religious attitudes of many in the West.
Positioning the interviewer: Strategic uses of embedded orientation in interview narratives
Authors: Modan Gabriella , Shuman Amy 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe structure and function of a sociolinguistic interview sets up a context that affords informants the opportunity to achieve their own goals. We examine how an informant manipulates the reception format of the speech event, using embedded orientation to characterize information as alternately given or new, and the interviewer consequently as an insider or outsider. Whereas previous analyses have examined how embedded orientation highlights or sheds light on information in complicating action clauses, we posit that the content of embedded orientation clauses is important in and of itself. Rather than serving as simply background information, embedded orientation can do important ideological work. In the case here, embedded orientation introduces into the narrative traces of a local story—the history of local Fascism, a topic that is rarely discussed in the teller's community. (Embedded orientation, narrative, sociolinguistic interview)
Interviews as interactional data
Authors: Wortham Stanton , Mortimer Katherine , Lee Kathy , Allard Elaine , White Kimberly Daniel 
Published: February 2011

AbstractInterviews are designed to gather propositional information communicated through reference and predication. Some lament the fact that interviews always include interactional positioning that presupposes and sometimes creates social identities and power relationships. Interactional aspects of interview events threaten to corrupt the propositional information communicated, and it appears that these aspects need to be controlled. Interviews do often yield useful propositional information, and interviewers must guard against the sometimes-corrupting influence of interactional factors. But we argue that the interactional aspects of interview events can also be valuable data. Interview subjects sometimes position themselves in ways that reveal something about the habitual positioning that characterizes individuals or groups. We illustrate the potential value of this interactional information by describing “payday mugging” stories told by interviewees in one New Latino Diaspora town. (Interview data, narrating events, transference)
Comparing stories told in sociolinguistic interviews and spontaneous conversation
Authors: Koven Michele 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn this article I challenge the notion that interviews are artificial speech events, by comparing how one participant told stories in a sociolinguistic interview and again in a subsequent spontaneous conversation. As shown by qualitative and quantitative comparison of speaker-role inhabitance (Koven 2002, 2007), I show that the interview stories are no less involved (Tannen 1989), and are actually more interlocutory than the conversational stories. With these comparative materials, I demonstrate how interviews may be contexts in which people (re)tell experiences that they may also tell in “naturally occurring” contexts. (Narrative, interviews, footing, retellings)
A novel field-based approach to validate the use of network models for disease spread between dairy herds
Authors: ÁLVAREZ L. GARCÍA , WEBB C. R. , HOLMES M. A. 
Published: February 2011

SUMMARYThe introduction of a centralized system for recording cattle movements in the UK has provided a framework for network-based models for disease spread. However, there are many types of non-reportable contacts between farms which may play a role in disease spread. The lack of real pathogen data with which to test network models makes it difficult to assess whether reported data adequately captures the risk-potential network between farms and improves the accuracy of disease forecasts. A novel multi-disciplinary approach is described whereby network-based models, built upon reported cattle movements and non-reportable local contacts between study farms, are parameterized using field data on bovineStaphylococcus aureusstrains. Reported cattle movements were found to play a role in strain spread between farms, but other contacts via farm visitors were also correlated with strain distribution, suggesting that parameterizing contact networks using cattle-tracing data alone may not adequately capture the disease dynamics.
Time-dependent analysis of extra length of stay and mortality due to ventilator-associated pneumonia in intensive-care units of ten limited-resources countries: findings of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC)
Authors: ROSENTHAL V. D. , UDWADIA F. E. , MUÑOZ H. J. , ERBEN N. , HIGUERA F. , ABIDI K. , MEDEIROS E. A. , FERNÁNDEZ MALDONADO E. , KANJ S. S. , GIKAS A. , BARNETT A. G. , GRAVES N. ,   the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC)
Published: February 2011

SUMMARYVentilator-associated pneumonias (VAPs) are a worldwide problem that significantly increases patient morbidity, mortality, and length of stay (LoS), and their effects should be estimated to account for the timing of infection. The purpose of the study was to estimate extra LoS and mortality in an intensive-care unit (ICU) due to a VAP in a cohort of 69 248 admissions followed for 283 069 days in ICUs from 10 countries. Data were arranged according to the multi-state format. Extra LoS and increased risk of death were estimated independently in each country, and their results were combined using a random-effects meta-analysis. VAP prolonged LoS by an average of 2·03 days (95% CI 1·52–2·54 days), and increased the risk of death by 14% (95% CI 2–27). The increased risk of death due to VAP was explained by confounding with patient morbidity.
Syphilis with HIV in Florence, 2003–2009: a 7-year epidemiological study
Authors: MARTINELLI C. V. , TOGNETTI L. , COLAO G. , CAROCCI A. , CORSI P. , LEONCINI F. 
Published: February 2011

SUMMARYThe aims of this study were to describe the trend of acquired syphilis in the city of Florence and its province over a 7-year period, to investigate sexual behaviours in the syphilis-infected population and to analyse syphilis/HIV co-infection. A total of 259 patients were classified according to age, sex and HIV infection. We estimated that from 2004 to 2008 cases increased by 248%. Most patients with concurrent HIV infection were male (31–45 years), but 40- to 60-year-old men who had sex with men predominated in both male and HIV-positive patients. Oral sex was identified as the most significant route of transmission, although most patients did not consider it so. Late-presenters with HIV accounted for 33% of HIV-positive patients: they were unaware of their HIV status and showed syphilis lesions only. In these cases, syphilis heralded the presence of HIV infection and allowed earlier diagnosis.