bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BEYOND POSTSUBURBIA? MULTIFUNCTIONAL SERVICE AGGLOMERATION IN VIENNA'S URBAN FRINGE
Authors: HELBICH MARCO 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTThe surroundings of European cities are becoming ever more complex and sophisticated landscapes. In recent years there has been an ongoing debate about urban fringes that are developing over and beyond the influence of postsuburban processes into decentralised and non‐centred urban landscapes. This paper addresses the urgent need to consider polycentric functional service clustering in the urban fringes based on empirical evidence gathered in Vienna, Austria, which served as a case study. A spatial scan statistic is applied to detect local spatial clusters of services and the bivariate K(d)‐function is used to investigate the spatial interaction between each nucleus. Due to some significant functional clusters, it has been concluded that agglomeration economies are still of prime interest. Furthermore, some significant attraction between the studied clusters is investigated. Overall, the results do not contradict the concept of postsuburbia yet, which is why a paradigm shift must be ruled out.
An International Perspective on Risk Management Quality
Authors: Mira Svetlana , Taylor Nicholas 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis paper introduces an alternative method for assessing the quality of risk management models. Specifically, using the forecast efficiency notion that forecast errors should be independent of a pertinent information set, we consider the extent to which unanticipated downside risk (extreme risk) is independent of overseas extreme risk. This is achieved using a bootstrap version of the non‐causality test recently introduced by Hong et al. (), data covering 45 international equity markets, and by measuring extreme risk via a class of risk management models recently introduced by Xiao and Koenker (). In doing this, we find significant evidence of transmission (causality) across national borders. Moreover, we discuss how risk managers in developed and emerging markets can parsimoniously incorporate such information (international dependency) into their risk management models to produce measures of downside risk that have more desirable ex post properties (viz. forecast efficiency properties).
Motor features and response to oral levodopa in patients with Parkinson’s disease under continuous dopaminergic infusion or deep brain stimulation
Authors: Elia A. E. , Dollenz C. , Soliveri P. , Albanese A. 
Published: June 2011

Background:  Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN DBS) and continuous dopaminergic infusions (jejunal levodopa or subcutaneous apomorphine) are indicated in complicated Parkinson’s disease (PD), although it remains unsettled how they compare to each other.Methods:  We investigated the daytime motor condition in patients with advanced PD under monotherapy with jejunal levodopa, subcutaneous apomorphine, or STN DBS and also measured the motor changes produced by an additional standard morning dose of levodopa. Motor performance was assessed with the UPDRS‐III, hand taps, the AIMS dyskinesia score and patients’ diaries. Outcome measures were time to best motor ‘on’ after start of morning treatment, daytime variability of motor condition, motor scores.Results:  The time to ‘on’ was longest in the jejunal levodopa group. DBS and jejunal levodopa treatments produced stable motor conditions without appreciable ‘off’ episodes. Continuous apomorphine infusion was associated with the worst motor scores (UPDRS‐III and taps) and the most frequent off‐states. Jejunal levodopa infusion was associated with the highest AIMS scores. Addition of a levodopa dose produced shortening of time to ‘on’ and a transient motor improvement in the jejunal levodopa group without increase in dyskinesias; in the DBS and apomorphine groups, there was an increase in dyskinesias without changes in UPDRS‐III or taps.Conclusions:  STN DBS provided adequate trade‐off between motor improvement and dyskinesia control, although dyskinesias could be elicited by adding oral levodopa. Jejunal levodopa infusion produced adequate motor improvement with slow time to ‘on’ and moderate dyskinesias. Apomorphine infusion produced insufficient motor control and negligible dyskinesias.
Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis in Spain: clinical, prognostic, and genetic survey
Authors: Pilo‐de‐la‐Fuente B. , Jimenez‐Escrig A. , Lorenzo J. R. , Pardo J. , Arias M. , Ares‐Luque A. , Duarte J. , Muñiz‐Pérez S. , Sobrido M. J. 
Published: June 2011

Background and purpose:  Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the CYP27A1 gene resulting in sterol‐27‐hydroxylase deficiency. Current information about CTX is based mainly on case reports, with only few large series reported. Although perceived as a potentially treatable condition, efficacy of chenodeoxycholic acid plus statin therapy remains unclear. To perform a nationwide survey of confirmed cases, with a thorough analysis of genotype‐phenotype data and prognostic factors.Methods:  Retrospective review of the clinical and epidemiological aspects and mutations of all the patients diagnosed since 1992 in the main reference centers for genetic testing of CTX in Spain.Results:  Twenty‐five patients from 19 families were identified. An average delay of 19 years was observed between symptom onset and clinical diagnosis. Two main clinical subgroups were recognizable: a classic form (cerebellar and other supratentorial symptoms) and a spinal form (chronic myelopathy). Cholestanol levels did not correlate with clinical presentation, severity or response to therapy. Despite treatment, five patients died during follow‐up, one to 4 years after diagnosis. Thirteen different mutations were identified, with a higher frequency of p.R395C in Northwestern Spain and p.R405W in Southern Spain. None of the mutations could be associated with a particular clinical feature combination or prognosis.Conclusions:  This is the first nationwide extensive series of CTX reported in Spain. The higher number of cases in some areas suggests a possible founder effect. Spinal forms had a less severe prognosis. A delayed diagnosis could contribute to the lack of significant response to treatment.
Periventricular and deep white matter leukoaraiosis have a closer association with cerebral microbleeds than age
Authors: Yamada S. , Saiki M. , Satow T. , Fukuda A. , Ito M. , Minami S. , Miyamoto S. 
Published: June 2011

Background:  Taking an advantage of the high sensitivity of 3D T2*‐weighted gradient‐recalled‐echo (GRE) imaging to cerebral microbleeds, we investigated the relationship between cerebral microbleeds and leukoaraiosis.Methods:  Participants aged 40 years or more have been evaluated for the presence of cerebral microbleeds using 3D T2*‐GRE sequence since 2006. The severity of periventricular hyperintensity (PVH) and deep white matter hyperintensity (DWMH) on fluid attenuated inversion recovery images was assessed using Fazekas rating scales. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted after adjustment for stroke subtype, age, PVH, DWMH, hypertension, dementia, and use of platelet aggregation inhibitors. Additionally, we examined the association between cerebral microbleeds and other covariates using a Pearson’s correlation analysis.Results:  Amongst 389 patients, 67 patients had a single microbleed and 93 had multiple microbleeds. The prevalence of microbleeds was 83% amongst 53 patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), 49% amongst 173 with infarction, and 20% amongst 163 without any type of stroke. In the multivariate analyses, the odds ratio (95% CIs) of microbleed detection was 10.1, (4.12–24.8) for ICH, 2.33 (1.12–4.85) for atherosclerotic infarction, 1.66 (1.10–2.48) for PVH, and 1.49 (1.02–2.19) for DWMH. In the Pearson’s correlation analysis, cerebral microbleeds were closely related to PVH (Pearson’s correlation coefficient; 0.48) and DWMH (0.37), compared with age (0.16).Conclusions:  High‐grade PVH, high‐grade DWMH, ICH, and atherosclerotic infarction were significantly independent predictors for cerebral microbleeds. In addition, we found that the grades of PVH and DWMH have a closer association with the number of cerebral microbleeds than age.
Low risk of vascular events following urgent treatment of transient ischaemic attack: the Aarhus TIA study
Authors: Weitzel‐Mudersbach P. v. , Johnsen S. P. , Andersen G. 
Published: June 2011

Background and purpose:  Patients with TIA have a high short‐time risk of stroke and an increased long‐term risk of ischaemic vascular events compared with the general population. Urgent intervention may reduce short‐time stroke risk, but little is known about the effect beyond 3 months. We examined 1‐year outcome and risk factor management in patients with TIA after urgent intervention.Methods:  All patients with TIA referred to Aarhus University Hospital 1 March 2007–28 February 2008 were seen by an acute TIA team (ATT), integrating outpatient care and stroke unit facilities. Preventive treatment was initiated immediately, including fast‐track surgery for carotid stenosis. Follow‐up including nurse‐conducted health counseling was carried out after 7, 90, and 365 days.Results:  A total of 306 patients were included. Stroke, myocardial infarction, or vascular death occurred in 5.2% during 1 year of follow‐up. The cumulated stroke rate was 1.6%, 2.0%, and 4.4% after 7, 90, and 365 days, respectively, compared to expected 4.5% [relative risk (RR) 0.36, 95% CI 0.13–0.98] and 7.5% (RR 0.26, 95% CI 0.11–0.63) after 7 and 90 days using ABCD2 criteria. Recurrent TIA occurred in 10.2% (n = 32). Secondary prevention targets were attained in 47.6% after 1 year. Carotid surgery was performed in 8.1%; median time to operation was 11 days after contact with the ATT.Conclusion:  Urgent intervention after TIA by an ATT covering outpatient and stroke unit facilities combined with nurse‐conducted health counseling is associated with a low 1‐year risk of new vascular events and may improve risk factor control.
The Dynamics of Multifaceted Gentrification: A Comparative Analysis of the Trajectories of Six Neighbourhoods in the Île‐de‐France Region
Authors: PATTARONI LUCA , KAUFMANN VINCENT , THOMAS MARIE‐PAULE 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn this article, we propose to examine the diversity of ‘gentrification’ trajectories taken by six neighbourhoods in the Île‐de‐France Region. To apprehend the dynamics of the different gentrification processes, we investigate the manner in which changes in the urban environment render it accessible to certain residential aspirations and lifestyles and inaccessible to others. Our findings, based on a combination of a quantitative survey and socio‐historical analyses of six inner‐city and suburban neighbourhoods, suggest that ongoing gentrification largely depends on ways in which newcomers are able to maintain their lifestyle, and consequently on the elements likely to disrupt this. Thwarted gentrification, observed for example in the Goutte d'Or, can only be understood if we consider the not inconsiderable difficulties of daily life in such neighbourhoods and the relatively low level of social tolerance of newcomers. Static analyses attentive only to the structure of the property market do not account for the nuisances that, over time, make an environment intolerable and drive residents away. The dynamics of multifaceted gentrification relate, therefore, not only to the diverse structural characteristics of the various neighbourhoods but also to the differentiated — functional, social and sensitive — everyday experiences, perceptions and evaluations of the built environment.RésuméNous nous proposons d'examiner la diversité des trajectoires de gentrification de six quartiers d'Île‐de‐France. Pour appréhender la dynamique des différents processus de gentrification, nous analysons comment les changements opérés dans l'environnement urbain le rendent accessible à certaines aspirations résidentielles et certains modes de vie, et inaccessibles à d'autres. Combinant une enquête quantitative et une analyse socio‐historique des six quartiers (centraux et périphériques), nos conclusions suggèrent que la gentrification en cours dépend largement de la mesure dans laquelle les nouveaux habitants peuvent préserver leur mode de vie, et par conséquent, des facteurs susceptibles de perturber celui‐ci. La gentrification contrariée, observée par exemple à la Goutte d'Or, ne peut être appréhendée que si l'on tient compte des difficultés non négligeables de la vie quotidienne dans ces quartiers et de la tolérance sociale relativement faible des nouveaux arrivants. Les analyses statiques intéressées uniquement par la structure du marché immobilier n'expliquent pas les nuisances qui, avec le temps, rendent un environnement intolérable et poussent les habitants à déménager. Les dynamiques d'une gentrification à plusieurs visages sont donc liées non seulement aux diverses caractéristiques structurelles des quartiers, mais aussi aux évaluations, perceptions et expériences quotidiennes (fonctionnelles, sociales, sensorielles) différenciées de l'environnement construit.
Contracts and Learning in Complex Urban Projects
Authors: VAN DER VEEN MENNO , KORTHALS ALTES WILLEM K. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractComplex urban projects developed within a neoliberal context may entail inclusionary goals. In order to recognize diversity and as a response to many uncertainties, learning during their realization becomes an important issue. Consequently, legal agreements for complex urban projects that cater to learning are more suitable than agreements in which detailed agreements are stipulated far in advance. This article presents a study of learning and contracting in four focal projects that were part of three complex urban projects: Battery Park City (New York), King's Cross (London) and the Zuidas project (Amsterdam). The agreements concluded in these projects cater to learning in very different ways, though the actual culture in the projects differs to a lesser degree.RésuméLes projets urbains complexes élaborés dans un cadre néolibéral peuvent comporter des objectifs d’intégration. Pour prendre conscience de la diversité et en réaction à de nombreuses incertitudes, il devient essentiel d’apprendre au cours de la réalisation de ces projets. Par conséquent, les contrats juridiques concernant des projets urbains complexes qui pourvoient à cet apprentissage sont plus pertinents que ceux dans lesquels les accords sont spécifiés en détail très à l’avance. Cet article présente une étude de l’apprentissage et de la relation contractuelle concernant quatre projets pivots intégrés dans trois projets urbains complexes: Battery Park City (New York), King's Cross (Londres) et le projet Zuidas (Amsterdam). Les contrats conclus dans ces cadres pourvoient très différemment à l’apprentissage, bien que la culture propre à chaque projet ne soit pas si éloignée.
Recreative City: Amsterdam, Vehicular Ideas and the Adaptive Spaces of Creativity Policy
Authors: PECK JAMIE 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe article presents a critical analysis of the reception and ramifications of creativity policies in the city of Amsterdam. The point is not to revisit critiques of creative cities policies per se, but rather to trace their consequences for the politics of urban governance — in one of their more receptive, if not ‘natural’, settings. The article explores how creativity policies actually work (and for whom) from the vantage point of one of Europe's most celebrated ‘creative cities’. It seeks to explain the persistence of the creativity syndrome — and the longevity, ubiquity and adaptability of the associated policy package — in the face of both social‐scientific skepticism and mediocre ‘performance’. Finally, it raises the question of how, and with what effects, creativity policies travel between cities; how they mutate in interurban space.RésuméCette analyse critique s'intéresse à la réception et aux ramifications des politiques publiques axées sur la créativitéà Amsterdam. Il ne s'agit pas de réexaminer les critiques sur les politiques des villes créatives en elles‐mêmes, mais de repérer leurs conséquences sur les politiques de gouvernance urbaine, dans l'un de leurs cadres le plus réceptif, pour ne pas dire ‘naturel’. Le but est d'étudier comment (et pour qui) les politiques liées à la créativité fonctionnent réellement, vu de l'une des ‘villes créatives’ les plus renommées d'Europe. Il convient d'expliquer la persistance du syndrome de créativité— ainsi que la longévité, l'ubiquité et l'adaptabilité du train de mesures politiques associées — malgré le scepticisme des sciences sociales et un niveau de ‘performances’ médiocre. Est ensuite amené un questionnement sur la manière dont les politiques propres à la créativité sont transposées d'une ville à l'autre, sur les effets de cette transposition, et donc sur les mutations qu'elles subissent dans l'espace interurbain.
Hypopyon‐like features: new dermoscopic criteria in the differential diagnosis of cutaneous lymphangioma circumscriptum and haemangiomas?
Authors: Gencoglan G. , Inanir I. , Ermertcan A.T. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackground  Lymphangiomas are congenital malformations of the lymphatic system characterized by clusters of translucent vesicles. Dermoscopically, yellow and bluish lacunea according to the lymphatic or haematic content were described previously, but it is difficult to distinguish them from haemangioma.Observations  In nine patients with cutaneous lymphangioma circumscriptum (CLC), hypopyon‐like features were observed. None of the 10 patients with haemangioma had this finding.Conclusion  Hypopyon‐like features can be a useful dermoscopic pattern in differentiating CLC from haemangioma.
The diagnosis of early psoriatic arthritis in an outpatient dermatological centre for psoriasis
Authors: Bonifati C. , Elia F. , Francesconi F. , Ceralli F. , Izzi S. , Solivetti F.M. , De Mutiis C. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackground  Most of the data currently available on early psoriatic arthritis (EPsA) derive from studies performed in rheumatological settings. However, in recent years, there has been an increase in the amount of data from dermatologic centres.Objectives  To describe the prevalence, clinical, laboratory and imaging characteristics of psoriatic patients with EPsA seen at a dermatological outpatient psoriasis centre.Methods  From January 2007 to May 2010, all patients with psoriasis who visited the psoriasis centre were asked about inflammatory joint involvement. A diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis was made on the basis of clinical, laboratory and imaging studies. The patients were diagnosed with early PsA (EPsA) if their inflammatory articular symptoms had been present for ≤1 year.Results  We diagnosed EPsA in 33 patients. Joint involvement was polyarticular (>5 joints involved) in 20 patients (60.6%) and oligoarticular (≤5 joints involved) in the remaining 13 patients. Quality of life due to skin involvement and the degree of functional impairment due to joint inflammation were only mildly affected, as measured by DLQI and HAQ, respectively. A direct correlation between the number of tender joints (ACR 68) and HAQ was found (r = 0.36; P = 0.04). Imaging studies showed that in spite of the absence of radiologic findings of peripheral joint damage, ultrasonography and contrast enhanced ultrasonography showed signs of articular inflammation in all patients.Conclusions  A diagnosis of EPsA can be correctly performed in a dermatologic outpatient facility. To do so, a close collaboration among dermatologists, rheumatologists and radiologists is necessary.
Interest of external photoprotection by means of clothing and sunscreen products in young children
Authors: Ghazi S. , Couteau C. , Paparis E. , Coiffard L.J.M. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackground  Protecting young children is a major public health issue.Objective  We tested children’s clothing and sunscreen products that are specially designed for children.Methods  The effectiveness of the different types of clothing and sunscreen products was determined using spectrophotometer equipped with an integrating sphere A measure of transmittance carried out, respectively, between 290 and 400 nm and between 320 and 400 nm, allowed us to assess the photoprotective properties in the UVB and UVA range respectively.Results  Although the photoprotective effect varies according to the type of clothing (UV‐protection factor [UPF] of approximately 10 for a cotton T‐shirt and 500 for a pair of jeans), the effect is constant for any one type of clothing. Placing fabrics in layers is essential and this enables the protective effect to be greatly increased. Moreover, the authors wished to answer the question, ‘what makes a good sun cream?’ by analysing the formula of each product tested. It turns out that only creams containing both organic filters and inorganic filters have an sun protection factor (SPF) that is the same as the one stated on the product.Conclusion  Concerning townwear, the jeans, tracksuits, sweatshirts, pullovers and tights turned out to be very photoprotective. They enable, in effect, to reach a UPF higher than 500. The mere presence of titanium dioxide and/or zinc dioxide does not mean that the product will have a high SPF. Products containing alcohol can be eliminated from the possible choices by carefully reading the label.
Management of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans with fibrosarcomatous transformation: an evidence‐based review of the literature
Authors: Voth H. , Landsberg J. , Hinz T. , Wenzel J. , Bieber T. , Reinhard G. , Höller T. , Wendtner C.‐M. , Schmid‐Wendtner M.‐H. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractFibrosarcomatous transformation represents a rare event in dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) with unpredictable biological behaviour. No guidelines for the adequate treatment of patients with this rare neoplasm have been published. Herein, we present a comprehensive review of the literature comprising 157 patients with transformed DFSP focussing on surgical and adjuvant treatment modalities for this tumour. In the cohort examined, local recurrence occurred in 36% of cases and was significantly lower in patients treated by wide excision with margins ≥2 cm when compared with those treated with local excision without defined margins (P = 0.01). Consistently, negative margin status was associated with a lower recurrence rate when compared with positive or unknown margin status (P = 0.01). Distant metastases were detected in 13% of patients, which is significantly higher when compared with ordinary dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. Systemic dissemination was preceded by local recurrence in 81% of cases, and is therefore strongly associated with tumour recurrence (P ≤ 0.001). The present data confirm that wide excision with margins ≥2 cm represent the gold standard in the treatment of transformed dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, and prevents recurrence as well as metastasis. When R0‐resection is not feasible, adjuvant radiation should be considered for cases with incomplete resection or unknown surgical margins. Irresectable or metastatic transformed DFSP harbouring the COL1A1‐PDGFB fusion gene should be treated with imatinib in the palliative setting or as an adjunctive treatment before surgery, although responses may be short‐lasting.