bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Dynamic Oligopolistic Electricity Market with Interdependent Market Segments
Authors: Pineau Pierre-Olivier , Rasata Hasina , Zaccour Georges 
Published: August 2011

We propose a deterministic, discrete-time, finite-horizon oligopoly model to investigate investment and production equilibrium strategies, in a setting where demand evolves over time and the two market-segment loads (peak- and baseload) are interdependent. The players (generators) compete a la Cournot, open-loop Nash equilibria are computed and numerical results are discussed. The model is calibrated with data from Ontario, Canada. We assess the impact on equilibrium strategies of a generation sector with more market power than what is actually the case. We also find a slight difference in the investment sequence when interdependent demand segments are considered. Finally, we analyze the impact of increasing demand elasticities over time, and varying the financial values of the production capacities that remain at the end of the planning horizon. We believe that such a tool is valuable for professionals and scholars interested in the dynamics of production capacity mix (portfolio of technologies) in the electricity sector. It is also of paramount importance for public decision makers who have to simultaneously deal with environmental issues and with price control, both of which are politically sensitive. doi: 10.5547/ISSN0195-6574-EJ-Vol32-No4-8
Electrochemical Na Insertion and Solid Electrolyte Interphase for Hard‐Carbon Electrodes and Application to Na‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Komaba Shinichi , Murata Wataru , Ishikawa Toru , Yabuuchi Naoaki , Ozeki Tomoaki , Nakayama Tetsuri , Ogata Atsushi , Gotoh Kazuma , Fujiwara Kazuya 
Published: August 2011

AbstractRecently, lithium‐ion batteries have been attracting more interest for use in automotive applications. Lithium resources are confirmed to be unevenly distributed in South America, and the cost of the lithium raw materials has roughly doubled from the first practical application in 1991 to the present and is increasing due to global demand for lithium‐ion accumulators. Since the electrochemical equivalent and standard potential of sodium are the most advantageous after lithium, sodium based energy storage is of great interest to realize lithium‐free high energy and high voltage batteries. However, to the best of our knowledge, there have been no successful reports on electrochemical sodium insertion materials for battery applications; the major challenge is the negative electrode and its passivation. In this study, we achieve high capacity and excellent reversibility sodium‐insertion performance of hard‐carbon and layered NaNi0.5Mn0.5O2 electrodes in propylene carbonate electrolyte solutions. The structural change and passivation for hard‐carbon are investigated to study the reversible sodium insertion. The 3‐volt secondary Na‐ion battery possessing environmental and cost friendliness, Na+‐shuttlecock hard‐carbon/NaNi0.5Mn0.5O2 cell, demonstrates steady cycling performance as next generation secondary batteries and an alternative to Li‐ion batteries.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of Aromatic Homo‐ and Bis‐Homopropargylic Amines/Amides: Formation of Indoles, Dihydroisoquinolines and Dihydroquinolines
Authors: Varela‐Fernández Alejandro , Varela Jesús A. , Saá Carlos 
Published: August 2011

AbstractRuthenium‐catalyzed cycloisomerizations of aromatic homo‐ and bis‐homopropargylic amines/amides efficiently afford indoles, dihydroisoquinolines and dihydroquinolines. These processes were regioselective (5‐ and 6‐endo cyclizations) on using key Ru vinylidene intermediates. The presence of an amine/ammonium base‐acid pair increased the rate of cyclization and facilitated the catalytic turnover.
Immune regulation in chronically transfused allo‐antibody responder and nonresponder patients with sickle cell disease and β‐thalassemia major
Authors: Bao Weili , Zhong Hui , Li Xiaojuan , Lee Margaret T. , Schwartz Joseph , Sheth Sujit , Yazdanbakhsh Karina 
Published: August 2011

AbstractRed blood cell alloimmunization is a major complication of transfusion therapy. Host immune markers that can predict antibody responders remain poorly described. As regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a role in alloimmunization in mouse models, we analyzed the Treg compartment of a cohort of chronically transfused patients with sickle cell disease (SCD, n = 22) and β‐thalassemia major (n = 8) with and without alloantibodies. We found reduced Treg activity in alloantibody responders compared with nonresponders as seen in mice. Higher circulating anti‐inflammatory IL‐10 levels and lower IFN‐γ levels were detected in non‐alloimmunized SCD patients. Stimulated sorted CD4+ cells from half of the alloimmunized patients had increased frequency of IL‐4 expression compared with nonresponders, indicating a skewed T helper (Th) 2 humoral immune response in a subgroup of antibody responders. All patients had increased Th17 responses, suggesting an underlying inflammatory state. Although small, our study indicates an altered immunoregulatory state in alloantibody responders which may help future identification of potential molecular risk factors for alloimmunization. Am. J. Hematol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Brief communication: A cranial morphometric assessment of the taxonomic affinities of Trachypithecus auratus (E. Geoffroy, 1812 primates: Colobinae) with a reassessment of the T. auratus type specimen
Authors: Ingicco Thomas , Balzeau Antoine , Callou Cécile , Fitriana Yuliana Sulistya 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe debate over the taxonomic position and affinities of Trachypithecus auratus has been ongoing since its identification by E. Geoffroy Saint‐Hilaire in 1812. The type specimen of this species is housed in Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle in Paris (MNHN‐ZM 2005‐912). This point is debated due to the complex and fluctuating taxonomy of Southeast Asian Colobinae (Brandon‐Jones et al.: Int J Primatol 25 (2004) 97‐164) and to the fact that this individual is represented by a mounted skeleton. By means of 3D medical imaging methodologies we describe for the first time the cranial anatomy of the specimen MNHN‐ZM 2005‐912 and compare it with other Trachypithecus species, in order to test the molecular systematic hypotheses for affinities among the T. auratus‐T. cristatus group. We ascertain the taxonomic attribution of this individual to the species Trachypithecus auratus species. The most diagnostic characters shared by the type specimen and Trachypithecus auratus compared to other species of Trachypithecus are the rounded orbits and the straight facial profile. We then try to clarify the inconsistencies concerning the geographical provenance of the type. The island of Java appears to be the most probable locality from a cluster analysis based on linear morphometry. After this approach and a discriminant analysis, a northeastern Javanese provenance of this specimen, as proposed by Brandon‐Jones et al. (Int J Primatol 25 (2004) 97‐164) is dubious. Finally we provide 3D models of the skull and the endocast, and a list of cranial landmark coordinates of the holotype for future research. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Brief communication: Why sleep in a nest? empirical testing of the function of simple shelters made by wild chimpanzees
Authors: Stewart F.A. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAll great apes build nightly a structure (“nest” or “bed”) that is assumed to function primarily as a sleeping‐platform. However, several other nest function hypotheses have been proposed: antipredation, antipathogen, and thermoregulation. I tested these simple shelter functions of chimpanzee nests in an experiment for which I was the subject in Fongoli, Senegal. I slept 11 nights in chimpanzee nests and on the bare ground to test for differences in sleep quality, potential exposure to disease through bites from possible vectors, and insulation. No difference was found in the total amount of sleep nor in sleep quality; however, sleep was more disturbed on the ground. Differences in sleep disturbance between arboreal and ground conditions seemed primarily due to causes of anxiety and alertness, e.g., vocalizations of terrestrial mammals. Arboreal nest‐sleeping seems to reduce risk of bites from possible disease vectors and provide insulation in cold conditions. This preliminary, but direct, test of chimpanzee nest function has implications for the evolutionary transition from limb‐roosting to nest‐reclining sleep in the hominoids, and from tree‐to‐ground sleep in the genus Homo. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nigral pathology and parkinsonian signs in elders without Parkinson disease
Authors: Buchman Aron S. , Shulman Joshua M. , Nag Sukriti , Leurgans Sue E. , Arnold Steven E. , Morris Martha C. , Schneider Julie A. , Bennett David A. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractObjective:Motor symptoms such as mild parkinsonian signs are common in older persons, but little is known about their underlying neuropathology. We tested the hypothesis that nigral pathology is related to parkinsonism in older persons without Parkinson disease (PD).Methods:More than 2,500 persons participating in the Religious Orders Study or the Memory and Aging Project agreed to annual assessment of parkinsonism with a modified version of the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale and brain donation. Brains from 744 deceased participants without PD were assessed for nigral neuronal loss and α‐synuclein immunopositive Lewy bodies.Results:Mean age at death was 88.5 years. Mean global parkinsonism was 18.6 (standard deviation, 11.90). About ⅓ of cases had mild or more severe nigral neuronal loss, and about 17% had Lewy bodies. In separate regression models that adjusted for age, sex, and education, nigral neuronal loss and Lewy bodies were both related to global parkinsonism (neuronal loss: estimate, 0.231; standard error [SE], 0.068; p < 0.001; Lewy bodies: estimate, 0.291; SE, 0.133; p = 0.029). Employing a similar regression model that included both measures, neuronal loss remained associated with global parkinsonism (neuronal loss: estimate, 0.206; SE, 0.075; p = 0.006). By contrast, the association between Lewy bodies and global parkinsonism was attenuated by >60% and was no longer significant (Lewy bodies: estimate, 0.112; SE, 0.148; p = 0.447), suggesting that neuronal loss may mediate the association of Lewy bodies with global parkinsonism.Interpretation:Nigral pathology is common in persons without PD and may contribute to loss of motor function in old age. Ann Neurol 2012;71:258–266
Facile synthesis of indenones by cyclopalladated ferrocenylimine‐catalyzed annulation of internal alkynes
Authors: Zhang Junli , Yang Fan , Wu Yangjie 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAn efficient and facile protocol for the annulation of o‐halobenzaldehyde derivatives with diverse internal alkynes has been developed using cyclopalladated ferrocenylimine as the catalyst, and the indenones as the products could be obtained in moderate to good yields. It was found for the first time that the addition of benzoic acid could remarkably speed up the reaction process. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electron‐deficient vanadium(IV) tetraphenylporphyrin: A new, highly efficient and reusable catalyst for chemoselective trimethylsilylation of alcohols and phenols with hexamethyldisilazane
Authors: Moghadam Majid , Mohammadpoor‐Baltork Iraj , Tangestaninejad Shahram , Mirkhani Valiollah , Khosropour Ahmad Reza , Taghavi S. Abdolmanaf 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn the present work, the application of electron‐deficient tetraphenylporphyrinatovanadium(IV) trifluoromethanesulfonate, [VIV(TPP)(OTf)2], in the trimethylsilylation of alcohols and phenols with hexamethydisilazane (HMDS) is reported. This new V(IV) catalyst was used as an efficient catalyst for silylation of not only primary alcohols but also sterically hindered secondary and tertiary alcohols with HMDS. Trimethylsilylation of phenols with HMDS was also performed to afford the desired Trimethylsilyl ethers (TMS) ethers. The chemoselectivity of this method was also investigated. This catalyst can be reused several times without loss of its activity. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of the transition temperature at different cooling rates and its influence on prediction of shrinkage and warpage in injection molding simulation
Authors: Lucyshyn Thomas , Knapp Gilbert , Kipperer Michael , Holzer Clemens 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn injection molding simulation the phase change from melt to solid state is usually simplified by using a so called transition temperature. In the present work, the transition temperatures of several amorphous and semicrystalline polymers were determined using DSC‐runs at different cooling rates. The transition temperature was described as a function of cooling rate. The obtained transition temperatures of the semicrystalline polymers were used in injection molding simulations with the commercial software package Autodesk Moldflow Insight 2010 to calculate the shrinkage and warpage of box‐shaped test parts. The simulation results were compared with the experimental values of optically measured injection‐molded boxes. The results showed a strong influence of the transition temperatures on the simulation results of a 3D model and a very low influence for a 2.5D model. Transition temperatures obtained at higher cooling rates improved the 3D simulation results for several dimensions. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Geometry of the inkjet‐printed sensing layer for a better volatile organic compound sensor response
Authors: De Girolamo Del Mauro A. , Grimaldi I. A. , Loffredo F. , Massera E. , Polichetti T. , Villani F. , Di Francia G. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractVolatile organic compound (VOC) chemical sensors increasingly rely on the use of polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) as sensing materials, thanks to the simple processability of polymers combined with the conductivity properties of nanoparticles dispersed in an insulating polymer matrix. Recently, inkjet printing (IJP), the main advantage of which is its patterning capability, was proven to be a reliable technique for the deposition of these materials. In this work, PNC chemical sensors were fabricated by IJP of a polystyrene/carbon black based ink. The sensor responses were measured upon exposure to acetone vapors and analyzed as function of the sensitive material geometry. Among the different realized geometries, the lines transverse to the interdigitated electrodes fingers resulted in the optimal configuration for the sensing layer in a VOC chemical sensor. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Epoxy–nanocomposites with ceramic reinforcement for electrical insulation
Authors: Amendola E. , Scamardella A. M. , Petrarca C. , Acierno D. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractCeramic nanoparticles, that is, SiO2, TiO2, and Al2O3 nanoparticles, with increasingly high thermal conductivity (λ), represent good candidates for improving the thermophysical properties of epoxy resins. In this study, the influence of filler addition on the thermal, mechanical, and dielectric properties were investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, and dielectric spectroscopy to measure λ, storage and loss moduli, dielectric permittivity, and volume resistivity. Moreover, morphological investigations by scanning electron microscopy were performed to confirm the particle dispersion into the epoxy matrix. The results show that both the elastic modulus and glass‐transition temperature increased with particle content. An enhancement of λ was also observed at high filler contents because of the formation of heat conductive pathways within the matrix. The nanocomposites' relative permittivity at 50 Hz was lower, whereas the dielectric loss was slightly higher compared with that of the neat epoxy matrix. A decrease in the relative permittivity with increasing frequency, both for the unfilled epoxy resin and epoxy–nanocomposites, was observed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Nanocomposite foams from high‐performance thermoplastics
Authors: Sorrentino L. , Aurilia M. , Cafiero L. , Iannace S. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe foaming processes of nanocomposites based on high‐performance thermoplastic polymers, namely, poly(ether sulfone) (PES; amorphous) and poly (ethylene‐2,6‐naphthalate) (PEN; semicrystalline), reinforced by two nanofiller types (expanded graphite and SiO2 nanopowder), were investigated. Matrices were prepared by melt blending through extrusion, and a good dispersion of particles was achieved, as confirmed by microscopic and X‐ray diffraction analyses. A solid‐state foaming technique was used to prepare the foams; the samples were solubilized with carbon dioxide and quickly heated in an oil bath to the selected foaming temperature. The effects of both the type and concentration of the filler and the polymer type (amorphous and semicrystalline) on the cellular morphology were analyzed. Foams prepared from PES‐based nanocomposites showed microcellular morphologies and higher numbers of nucleated cells (up to 1011 cells/cm3), but low expansion ratios were achieved compared to PEN‐based foams. Both SiO2 and graphite nanoparticles acted as cell nucleating agents in the PES nanocomposites, but the latter gave better results, increasing the cell number by two orders of magnitude with respect to the neat polymer. This behavior was attributed to either the heterogeneous nucleation of cells or the improved barrier to gas diffusion of the graphite nanoplatelets with respect to SiO2 nanoparticles. The PEN nanocomposite foams exhibited low foam densities, but fewer cells were nucleated with respect to the PES nanocomposites. The increase in the crystallization rate related to the presence of fillers, in particular when graphite was used, affected the expansion ratio at high foaming temperatures. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Nanotechnology in plastic food‐contact materials
Authors: Hatzigrigoriou N. B. , Papaspyrides C. D. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA review is presented concerning the application of nanotechnology in the polymer food‐packaging sector. Emphasis is placed on the benefits of polymer nanocomposite materials in terms of their improved mechanical and processability properties but also in terms of more packaging‐oriented attributes, such as enhanced barrier properties. In addition, nanotechnology is expected to introduce some novel and beneficial characteristics to plastic packaging materials. These characteristics include the induction of antimicrobial properties, oxygen scavenging, enzyme immobilization, and sensing of food conditions. Besides these novel properties, the need to explore the potential health impact of nanoparticles is also discussed, with a focus on the possibility of nanocomponent migration into the packaged foodstuff. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Dispersion and characterization of thermoplastic polyurethane/multiwalled carbon nanotubes by melt mixing
Authors: Benedito Adolfo , Buezas Ignacio , Giménez Enrique , Galindo Begoña , Ortega Amaya 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe dispersion of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) in thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) was evaluated in a corotative twin‐screw extruder through a melt‐blending process. A specific experimental design was prepared with different parameters, such as screw speed, screw design, and carbon nanotube loading, taken into account. The obtained samples were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, light transmission microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, dynamic rheometry, dynamic mechanical analysis, and electrical conductivity. This work focuses on the influence of the compounding parameters in the dispersion quality of MWCNTs in a TPU matrix to optimize them for an industrial scaleup. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Use of human embryonic stem cell derived‐mesenchymal cells for cardiac repair
Authors: Simpson David L. , Boyd Nolan L. , Kaushal Sunjay , Stice Steve L. , Dudley Samuel C. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractHuman mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) have proven beneficial in the repair and preservation of infarcted myocardium. Unfortunately, MSCs represent a small portion of the bone marrow and require ex vivo expansion. To further advance the clinical usefulness of cellular cardiomyoplasty, derivation of “MSC‐like” cells that can be made available “off‐the‐shelf” are desirable. Recently, human embryonic stem cell‐derived mesenchymal cells (hESC‐MC) were described. We investigated the efficacy of hESC‐MC for cardiac repair after myocardial infarction (MI) compared to hMSC. Because of increased efficacy of cell delivery, cells were embedded into collagen patches and delivered to infarcted myocardium. Culture of hMSC and hESC‐MCs in collagen patches did not induce differentiation or significant loss in viability. Transplantation of hMSC and hES‐MC patches onto infarcted myocardium of athymic nude rats prevented adverse changes in infarct wall thickness and fractional area change compared to a non‐viable patch control. Hemodynamic assessment showed that hMSCs and hES‐MC patch application improved end diastolic pressure equivalently. There were no changes in systolic function. hES‐MC and hMSC construct application enhanced neovessel formation compared to a non‐viable control, and each cell type had similar efficacy in stimulating endothelial cell growth in vitro. In summary, the use of hES‐MC provides similar efficacy for cellular cardiomyoplasty as compared to hMSC and may be considered a suitable alternative for cell therapy. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012;109: 274–283. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Heparan sulfate proteoglycan mediates shear stress‐induced endothelial gene expression in mouse embryonic stem cell‐derived endothelial cells
Authors: Nikmanesh Maria , Shi Zhong‐Dong , Tarbell John M. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIt has been shown that shear stress plays a critical role in promoting endothelial cell (EC) differentiation from embryonic stem cell (ESC)‐derived ECs. However, the underlying mechanisms mediating shear stress effects in this process have yet to be investigated. It has been reported that the glycocalyx component heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) mediates shear stress mechanotransduction in mature EC. In this study, we investigated whether cell surface HSPG plays a role in shear stress modulation of EC phenotype. ESC‐derived EC were subjected to shear stress (5 dyn/cm2) for 8 h with or without heparinase III (Hep III) that digests heparan sulfate. Immunostaining showed that ESC‐derived EC surfaces contain abundant HSPG, which could be cleaved by Hep III. We observed that shear stress significantly increased the expression of vascular EC‐specific marker genes (vWF, VE‐cadherin, PECAM‐1). The effect of shear stress on expression of tight junction protein genes (ZO‐1, OCLD, CLD5) was also evaluated. Shear stress increased the expression of ZO‐1 and CLD5, while it did not alter the expression of OCLD. Shear stress increased expression of vasodilatory genes (eNOS, COX‐2), while it decreased the expression of the vasoconstrictive gene ET1. After reduction of HSPG with Hep III, the shear stress‐induced expression of vWF, VE‐cadherin, ZO‐1, eNOS, and COX‐2, were abolished, suggesting that shear stress‐induced expression of these genes depends on HSPG. These findings indicate for the first time that HSPG is a mechanosensor mediating shear stress‐induced EC differentiation from ESC‐derived EC cells. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:583–594. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.