bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2′‐Aminoethoxy‐2‐amino‐3‐methylpyridine in Triplex‐Forming Oligonucleotides: High Affinity, Selectivity and Resistance to Enzymatic Degradation
Authors: Lou Chenguang , Shelbourne Montserrat , Fox Keith R. , Brown Tom 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe phosphoramidite monomer of the C‐nucleoside 2′‐aminoethoxy‐2‐amino‐3‐methylpyridine (AE‐MAP) has been synthesized for the first time and incorporated into triplex‐forming oligonucleotides (TFOs). Ultraviolet melting and DNase I footprinting studies show that AE‐MAP is a potent triplex‐stabilizing monomer that is selective for GC base pairs. TFOs containing AE‐MAP bind with high affinity to duplexes but only weakly to single stranded DNA. In addition, AE‐MAP confers high nuclease resistance on oligonucleotides. TFOs containing AE‐MAP have potential for gene knock‐out and gene expression studies.
Direct Numerical Simulation of Binary Collisions of Shear‐Thinning Droplets
Authors: Focke Christian , Bothe Dieter 
Published: December 2011

AbstractUm Sprayprozesse in skalenreduzierten numerischen Simulationen, wie etwa mittels Euler‐Euler‐ oder Euler‐Lagrange‐Modellen, abbilden zu können, sind Schließungsterme notwendig, die den Ausgang von binären Tropfenkollisionen beschreiben. Für komplexe Fluide fehlen solche Schließungsterme. Mittels Direkter Numerischer Simulation der Kollision nicht‐newtonscher Tropfen kann ein tieferes Verständnis der Strömungsvorgänge gewonnen und somit die Herleitung verbesserter Schließungsterme ermöglicht werden.
Structure–Property Relationships and Nonlinear Optical Effects in Donor‐Substituted Dicyanopyrazine‐Derived Push–Pull Chromophores with Enlarged and Varied π‐Linkers
Authors: Bureš Filip , Čermáková Hana , Kulhánek Jiří , Ludwig Miroslav , Kuznik Wojciech , Kityk Iwan V. , Mikysek Tomáš , Růžička Aleš 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThirteen new, stable, push–pull systems featuring dimethylamino and pyrazine‐2,3‐dicarbonitrile moieties as the donor and acceptor, respectively, and systematically extended and varied π‐linkers were prepared and investigated. Evaluation of the measured UV/Vis spectra, electrochemical data (cyclic voltammetry, rotating disc voltammetry, and polarography), X‐ray data, and experimentally determined and calculated hyperpolarizability values enabled structure–property studies; these revealed some important structural features that affected the efficiency of intramolecular charge‐transfer and nonlinear optical properties in this class ofheterocyclic push–pull chromophores. The charge‐transfer transition was most significantly affected by structuralfeatures such as π‐linker length, chromophore planarity, and the number of 1,4‐phenylene/ethynylene subunits in the π‐linker.
Impaired survival of neural progenitor cells in dentate gyrus of adult mice lacking FMRP
Authors: Lazarov Orly , Demars Michael P. , Da Tommy Zhao Kai , Ali Haroon M. , Grauzas Vanessa , Kney Adam , Larson John 
Published: December 2011

AbstractFragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common form of inherited intellectual disability in humans. Individuals affected with the disorder exhibit a deficiency of the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), due to transcriptional silencing of the Fmr1 gene. It is widely accepted that learning deficits in FXS result from impaired synaptic function and/or plasticity in the brain. Interestingly, recent evidence suggests that conditional knockout of Fmr1 in neural progenitor cells in mice impairs hippocampal neurogenesis, which in turn contributes to learning impairments. To examine the nature of the neurogenic impairments and determine whether they impact the morphology of the dentate gyrus, we assessed the extent of neural progenitor cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation in older adult Fmr1 knockout mice. Here, we show that the number of fast‐proliferating cells in the subgranular layer of the dentate gyrus, as well as the subsequent survival of these cells, are dramatically reduced in Fmr1 knockout mice. In addition, the number of mature neurons in the granule layer of the dentate gyrus of these mice is significantly smaller than in wild type littermate controls, suggesting that impaired proliferation and survival of neural progenitor cells compromises the structure of the dentate gyrus. Impaired adult neurogenesis may underlie, at least in part, the learning deficits that characterize fragile X syndrome. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Feedback regulation of the α2(1) collagen gene via the Mek–Erk signaling pathway
Authors: Dzobo Kevin , Leaner Virna D. , Parker M. Iqbal 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe extracellular matrix (ECM) provides the microenvironment that is pivotal for cell growth, motility, attachment, and differentiation. Advances in cell culture techniques have led to the development of cell‐derived ECM model systems that are more reflective of the in vivo architecture of the ECM in tissue. In this study, a fibroblast‐derived ECM (fd‐ECM) was used to study the feedback regulation of type I collagen synthesis in fibroblasts. Fibroblasts plated on a preformed fd‐ECM showed a significant decrease in the production of type I collagen and pro‐α2(1) collagen mRNA compared to cells grown in the absence of a matrix. Function‐blocking antibodies showed that this downregulation of type I collagen gene expression is mediated via α2β1 integrin. The use of several kinase inhibitors and a dominant negative ras construct (N17Ras) showed that the matrix‐mediated downregulation of COL1A2 occurs via Ras‐dependent activation of the MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Deletion analysis of the COL1A2 promoter implicated the region between −375 and −107 as containing a potential matrix responsive element. The use of Sp1 siRNA demonstrated that Sp1 is an important mediator of this feedback inhibition. This study provides some new insights into the feedback regulation of COL1A2 gene expression. © IUBMB, IUBMB Life, 2011.
Allyl isothiocyanate as a potential inducer of paraoxonase‐1 ‐ studies in cultured hepatocytes and in mice
Authors: Schrader Charlotte , Graeser Anne‐Christin , Huebbe Patricia , Wagner Anika E. , Rimbach Gerald 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn this study, we tested the ability of structure‐related isothiocyanates to induce the antiatherogenic enzyme paraoxonase‐1 (PON1) in cultured hepatocytes. Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), phenylethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), and sulforaphane (SFN), but not butyl isothiocyanate (BITC) resulted in dose‐dependent induction of PON1 transactivation in Huh7 cells in vitro. Induction of PON1 due to AITC was inhibited by the selective peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ‐antagonist T0070907. AITC was used in a subsequent in vivo study in mice (n = 10 per group, Western‐type diet) to test its PON1 inducing activity. Unlike in cultured hepatocytes, AITC supplementation (15 mg/kg body weight) did not increase hepatic PON1 mRNA and protein levels in mice. Thus, it is suggested that AITC may be a potent inducer of PON1 in vitro, but not in mouse liver in vivo. © 2011 IUBMB, IUBMB Life,, 2011.
Protein monoubiquitination and polyubiquitination generate structural diversity to control distinct biological processes
Authors: Sadowski Martin , Suryadinata Randy , Tan Anthonius Ricardo , Roesley Siti Nur Ain , Sarcevic Boris 
Published: December 2011

AbstractUbiquitination involves the attachment of ubiquitin (Ub) to lysine residues on substrate proteins or itself, which can result in protein monoubiquitination or polyubiquitination. Polyubiquitination through different lysines (seven) or the N‐terminus of Ub can generate different protein‐Ub structures. These include monoubiquitinated proteins, polyubiqutinated proteins with homotypic chains through a particular lysine on Ub or mixed polyubiquitin chains generated by polymerization through different Ub lysines. The ability of the ubiquitination pathway to generate different protein‐Ub structures provides versatility of this pathway to target proteins to different fates. Protein ubiquitination is catalyzed by Ub‐conjugating and Ub‐ligase enzymes, with different combinations of these enzymes specifying the type of Ub modification on protein substrates. How Ub‐conjugating and Ub‐ligase enzymes generate this structural diversity is not clearly understood. In the current review, we discuss mechanisms utilized by the Ub‐conjugating and Ub‐ligase enzymes to generate structural diversity during protein ubiquitination, with a focus on recent mechanistic insights into protein monoubiquitination and polyubiquitination. © IUBMB, IUBMB Life, 2011.
Iκb‐ζ plays an important role in the ERK‐dependent dysregulation of malaria parasite GPI‐induced IL‐12 expression
Authors: Zhu Jianzhong , Weinberg Rebecca , Wu Xianzhu , Gowda Nagaraj M. , Muta Tatsushi , Gowda D. Channe 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPlasmodium falciparum glycosylphosphatidylinositols (GPIs) have been proposed as malaria pathogenic factors based on their ability to induce proinflammatory responses in macrophages and malaria‐like symptoms in mice. Parasite GPIs induce the production of inflammatory cytokines by activating the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) and NF‐κB signaling pathways. Importantly, inhibition of the extracellular‐signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) pathway upregulates a subset of cytokines, including IL‐12. We investigated the role of nuclear transcription factor, IκB‐ζ, in the GPI‐induced dysregulated expression of IL‐12 on inhibition of the ERK pathway. GPIs efficiently induced the expression of IκB‐ζ in macrophages regardless of whether cells were pretreated or untreated with ERK inhibitors, indicating that ERK has no role in IκB‐ζ expression. However, on ERK inhibition followed by stimulation with GPIs, NF‐κB binding to Il12b promoter κB site was markedly increased, suggesting that the ERK pathway regulates Il12b transcription. Knockdown of IκB‐ζ using siRNA markedly reduced the GPI‐induced IL‐12 production and abrogated the dysregulated IL‐12 production in ERK inhibited cells. Together these results demonstrate that ERK modulates IL‐12 expression by regulating IκB‐ζ‐dependent binding of NF‐κB transcription factors to Il12b gene promoter. Additionally, our finding that IκB‐ζ can be knocked down efficiently in primary macrophages is valuable for studies aimed at gaining further insights into IκB‐ζ function. © 2011 IUBMB, IUBMB Life,, 2012
Determination of pesticide residues in complex matrices using multi‐walled carbon nanotubes as reversed‐dispersive solid‐phase extraction sorbent
Authors: Zhao Pengyue , Wang Lei , Luo Jinhui , Li Jianguo , Pan Canping 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) method with multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as a reversed‐dispersive solid‐phase extraction (r‐DSPE) material combined with gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry was developed for the determination of 14 pesticides in complex matrices. Four vegetables (leek, onion, ginger and garlic) were selected as the complex matrices for validating this new method. This technique involved the acetonitrile‐based sample preparation and MWCNTs were used as the r‐DSPE material in the cleanup step. Two important parameters influencing the MWCNTs efficiency, the external diameters and the amount of MWCNTs used, were investigated. Under the optimized conditions, recoveries of 78–110% were obtained for the target analytes in the complex matrices at two concentration levels of 0.02 and 0.2 mg/kg. In addition, the RSD values ranged from 1 to 13%. LOQs and LODs for 14 pesticides ranged from 2 to 20 μg/kg and from 1 to 6 μg/kg, respectively.
A Hydrophobic Starch Polymer for Nanoparticle‐Mediated Delivery of Docetaxel
Authors: Dandekar Prajakta , Jain Ratnesh , Stauner Thomas , Loretz Brigitta , Koch Marcus , Wenz Gerhard , Lehr Claus‐Michael 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA hydrophobic starch derivative is used for safe and enhanced delivery of anticancer agents. The synthesis and characterization of propyl starch with a controlled degree of substitution to modulate the release of the encapsulated hydrophobic drug is reported. The application of this polymer for formulating nanoparticles of docetaxel, an anti‐cancer agent effective against numerous types of cancers but possessing intrinsic formulation difficulties is described. The solvent emulsification/diffusion technique is used and the synthesis is optimized with respect to several formulation parameters. Uptake studies with these nanoparticles indicate their enhanced internalization by the cancerous cells and their peri‐nuclear localization.magnified image
Statistical comparison of dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI pharmacokinetic models in human breast cancer
Authors: Li Xia , Welch E. Brian , Chakravarthy A. Bapsi , Xu Lei , Arlinghaus Lori R. , Farley Jaime , Mayer Ingrid A. , Kelley Mark C. , Meszoely Ingrid M. , Means‐Powell Julie , Abramson Vandana G. , Grau Ana M. , Gore John C. , Yankeelov Thomas E. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBy fitting dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI data to an appropriate pharmacokinetic model, quantitative physiological parameters can be estimated. In this study, we compare four different models by applying four statistical measures to assess their ability to describe dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI data obtained in 28 human breast cancer patient sets: the chi‐square test (χ2), Durbin–Watson statistic, Akaike information criterion, and Bayesian information criterion. The pharmacokinetic models include the fast exchange limit model with (FXL_vp) and without (FXL) a plasma component, and the fast and slow exchange regime models (FXR and SXR, respectively). The results show that the FXL_vp and FXR models yielded the smallest χ2 in 45.64 and 47.53% of the voxels, respectively; they also had the smallest number of voxels showing serial correlation with 0.71 and 2.33%, respectively. The Akaike information criterion indicated that the FXL_vp and FXR models were preferred in 42.84 and 46.59% of the voxels, respectively. The Bayesian information criterion also indicated the FXL_vp and FXR models were preferred in 39.39 and 45.25% of the voxels, respectively. Thus, these four metrics indicate that the FXL_vp and the FXR models provide the most complete statistical description of dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI time courses for the patients selected in this study. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The altered expression of MiR‐221/‐222 and MiR‐23b/‐27b is associated with the development of human castration resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Sun Tong , Yang Ming , Chen Shaoyong , Balk Steven , Pomerantz Mark , Hsieh Chen‐Lin , Brown Myles , Lee Gwo‐Shu Mary , Kantoff Philip W. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBACKGROUNDWe have previously identified seven miRs‐miR‐221, ‐222, ‐23b, ‐27b, ‐15a, ‐16‐1, and ‐203, that are differentially expressed in the hormone sensitive LNCaP cell line and the hormone resistant LNCaP‐abl cell line and hypothesized that these miRs may characterize certain subtypes of human castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).METHODSFunctional studies in cell culture systems have been performed to determine the effect of alternated expression level on cellular response to androgen treatment. To determine the clinical relevance of the expression patterns of these miRs, we compared the expression levels of these seven miRs in normal prostate tissues from 86 individuals, prostate tumor tissues from 34 individuals with localized hormone naïve disease, and bone‐derived metastatic CRPC tissues from 17 individuals.RESULTSThe altered expression of miR‐221/‐222 (as previously described) or miR‐203 affected the cellular response to androgen treatment, suggesting their potential involvement in the transition to CRPC. However, the expression of miR‐23b, ‐27b, ‐15a, and ‐16‐1 did not have a significant influence in the cellular response to androgen treatment, suggesting that these miRs may not play a causative role in the CRPC phenotype. Comparison of the expression levels of these miRs in tissue samples revealed that strikingly, ∼90% of the analyzed metastatic CRPC tumors could be characterized by the increased miR‐221/‐222 expression and the down‐regulated miR‐23b/‐27b expression.CONCLUSIONSThis finding suggests that altered miR‐221/‐222 and miR‐23b/‐27b expression may be associated with the CRPC process. Prostate 72:1093–1103, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prospects in radionuclide imaging of prostate cancer
Authors: Lütje Susanne , Boerman Otto C. , van Rij Catharina M. , Sedelaar Michiel , Helfrich Wijnand , Oyen Wim J.G. , Mulders Peter F.A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractProstate cancer is the most common malignancy in men in the Western world and represents a major health problem with substantial morbidity and mortality. Sensitivity and specificity of digital rectal examination (DRE) and evaluation of prostate specific antigen (PSA) are excellent methods for diagnosis of prostate cancer, but have limited value for staging. Imaging of prostate cancer has become increasingly important to improve staging and management of prostate cancer patients. Conventional imaging modalities, such as transrectal ultrasound and computed tomography, show limited accuracy for a reliable assessment of prostate cancer. Diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging has improved by dynamic contrast enhancement (DCI‐MRI) and diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI). Recently, substantial progress has been made in the development of functional and molecular imaging modalities, such as positron emission tomography using radiolabeled metabolic tracers, receptor‐binding ligands, amino acids, peptides, or antibodies. Here, we review the value of these novel radionuclide imaging techniques in the assessment of prostate cancer. Prostate 72:1262–1272, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Using a Learning Needs Assessment to Identify Knowledge Deficits Regarding Procedural Sedation for Pediatric Patients
Authors: Jest Anne D. , Tonge Andrea 
Published: December 2011

AbstractProcedural sedation is a cost‐effective method of providing sedation and analgesia for patients undergoing diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Sedation ranges on a continuum from minimal sedation to deep sedation, so procedural sedation can pose many risks for patients (eg, compromised airway, depressed respirations, hypotension). The unique variables inherent in the pediatric population and the associated risks of procedural sedation make it imperative that RNs be knowledgeable and competent in monitoring and managing these patients. Through the use of a learning needs assessment, perioperative resource nurses at a pediatric hospital in a large, southeast metropolitan area identified practice concerns associated with staff RNs' management of pediatric patients undergoing procedural sedation. As a result of these findings, the perioperative resource nurses are in the process of implementing annual sedation competency skills testing in a special procedures laboratory for all nurses who participate in sedation procedures.
Decision making after pediatric traumatic brain injury: trajectory of recovery and relationship to age and gender
Authors: Schmidt Adam T. , Hanten Gerri R. , Li Xiaoqi , Vasquez Ana C. , Wilde Elisabeth A. , Chapman Sandra B. , Levin Harvey S. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe aim of the study was to examine longitudinal patterns of decision making based on risk and reward using a modified version of the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) in children who had sustained traumatic brain injury (TBI) and children with orthopedic injury (OI). Participants were 135 children and adolescents with TBI (n = 71) or OI (n = 64) who were 7–17 years at the time of injury were enrolled and assessed prospectively at baseline and at follow‐up intervals of 3, 12, 18, and 24 months after injury. Groups were similar in age, socioeconomic status, and gender. Participants chose from four decks of cards with the aim of maximizing earnings across 100 trials. Two of the decks offered relatively small rewards and relatively small losses, but were advantageous over the course of the experiment. The other two decks offered large rewards, but also introduced occasional large losses, and were considered disadvantageous over the course of the experiment. The variable of interest was the proportion of advantageous decks chosen across trials.Longitudinal analysis of the pattern of change across 2 years revealed a three‐way interaction among injury group, age, and the quadratic term of interval‐since‐injury. In this interaction, the effect of age weakened in the TBI group across time, as compared to the OI group, which showed stronger quadratic patterns across the recovery intervals that differed by age. The OI group generally outperformed the TBI group.In addition, analyses revealed a three‐way interaction among group, gender and the cubic term of post‐injury interval, such that overall, males improved a great deal with time, but females showed small gains, regardless of injury group.
Genetic variability and demographic history ofHeliothis virescens(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) populations from Brazil inferred by mtDNA sequences
Authors: Albernaz K.C. , Silva-Brandão K.L. , Fresia P. , Cônsoli F.L. , Omoto C. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIntra- and inter-population genetic variability and the demographic history ofHeliothis virescens(F.) populations were evaluated by using mtDNA markers (coxI, coxIIandnad6) with samples from the major cotton- and soybean-producing regions in Brazil in the growing seasons 2007/08, 2008/09 and 2009/10. AMOVA indicated low and non-significant genetic structure, regardless of geographical scale, growing season or crop, with most of genetic variation occurring within populations. Clustering analyzes also indicated low genetic differentiation. The haplotype network obtained with combined datasets resulted in 35 haplotypes, with 28 exclusive occurrences, four of them sampled only from soybean fields. The minimum spanning network showed star-shaped structures typical of populations that underwent a recent demographic expansion. The recent expansion was supported by other demographic analyzes, such as the Bayesian skyline plot, the unimodal distribution of paired differences among mitochondrial sequences, and negative and significant values of neutrality tests for the Tajima'sDand Fu'sFSparameters. In addition, high values of haplotype diversity (Ĥ) and low values of nucleotide diversity (π), combined with a high number of low frequency haplotypes and values of θπ<θW, suggested a recent demographic expansion ofH. virescenspopulations in Brazil. This demographic event could be responsible for the low genetic structure currently found; however, haplotypes present uniquely at the same geographic regions and from one specific host plant suggest an initial differentiation amongH. virescenspopulations within Brazil.