bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La céramique gauloise de Lacoste recueillie en surface à Mouliets et Villemartin (Gironde).
Authors: Boudet R. , Sireix Michel 
Published: May 2010

La commune de Mouliets et Villemartin se trouve à environ 50 kilomètres à l'Est de Bordeaux, en bordure de la Dordogne sur le canton de Pujols-sur-Dordogne.
Des formations tertiaires affleurent de part et d'autre de la plaine alluviale formant des coteaux au relief assez doux.
A 2000 mètres de la Dordogne, sur sa rive gauche, à la côte moyenne de 11 m/NGF, le site de Lacoste occupe un replat de terrasse alluviale d'âge Würmien ancien, quelque peu surélevé par rapport à l'environnement immédiat, ce qui le rend difficilement inondable.
La proximité du gué, dit du « Pas de Rauzan » a pu provoquer une rupture dans la navigation et permettre de contrôler la voie de circulation fluviale. Ce lieu privilégié est un véritable carrefour formé par la voie terrestre nord-sud et la voie fluviale est- ouest.
Les plantes génétiquement modifiées peuvent-elles nourrir le Tiers Monde?
Authors: Beauval Valentin , Dufumier Marc 
Published: May 2010

Sur les 6,5 milliards d’humains qui peuplent notre planète, 852 millions souffrent encore de la faim et plus de deux milliards sont victimes de carences nutritionnelles, en protéines, acides gras essentiels, vitamines ou minéraux. Il s’agit pour l’essentiel de familles d’agriculteurs du Tiers Monde qui n’ont plus guère aujourd’hui les moyens de produire de quoi s’alimenter correctement par elles-mêmes ou de dégager les revenus monétaires nécessaires pour acquérir suffisamment de nourriture sur les marchés. Ces familles pauvres ne disposent généralement que de petites surfaces et d’un outillage manuel. Elles n’ont déjà pas pu mettre à profit les variétés à haut potentiel de rendement qui leur étaient autrefois proposées dans le cadre de la classique «révolution verte», du fait notamment de leur exigence en engrais chimiques et produits phytosanitaires onéreux. En permettant de réduire les coûts en intrants manufacturés, les plantes génétiquement modifiées (PGM) ne pourraient-elles donc pas les aider à accroître leurs revenus? Rien n’est moins sûr. Outre la difficulté de maîtriser les risques environnementaux induits par l’utilisation de ces PGM, les agriculteurs doivent aussi faire face au surcoût résultant de l’emploi de ces variétés pour lesquelles les grandes compagnies semencières ont déposé des brevets. La mise au point des PGM a souvent exigé des investissements considérables et les sociétés multinationales qui en sont à l’origine s’efforcent logiquement d’en tirer quelques bénéfices, quitte à vendre les semences à un prix très élevé. Les PGM
n’ont pas vraiment été conçues pour les paysans non solvables du Tiers Monde et ne semblent donc pas être en mesure d’y résoudre le problème de la faim.
Influence of resin viscosity and vacuum level on mechanical performance of sandwich structures manufactured by vacuum bagging
Authors: Valenza A. , Fiore V. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe choice of process parameters is critical in optimizing the mechanical properties of sandwich structures produced using the vacuum bagging technique. The aim of this paper is to analyze how the viscosity of the resin/curing agent system and the vacuum level influence the morphology and the mechanical behavior of sandwich beams with composite faces (epoxy resin and glass fiber fabric named COMBI 900) and a PVC foam core. Four different sandwich structures were produced by varying the viscosity of the epoxy resin/curing agent at constant maximum vacuum pressure. Three further structures were manufactured by varying the strength of the vacuum with the resin viscosity maintained constant at the minimum level. Three point bending tests were carried out on all seven sandwiches. The analysis shows that although both parameters affect the mechanical characteristics of the structure, the viscosity of the resin system is clearly the more influential of the two. The morphological structure of the sandwiches was analyzed both by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and by muffle furnace ignition to calculate the percentage of fibers, matrices, and voids present in the different samples © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 29:20–30, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/adv.20172
Synthesis of 3,4‐Diarylsubstituted Maleic Anhydride/Maleimide via Unusual Oxidative Cyclization of Phenacyl Ester/Amide.
Authors: Pattabiraman Vijaya Raghavan , Padakanti Srinivas , Veeramaneni Venugopal Rao , Pal Manojit , Yeleswarapu Koteswar Rao 
Published: May 2010

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The First Total Synthesis of 2,3,6‐Tribromo‐4,5‐dihydroxybenzyl Methyl Ether (TDB) and Its Antioxidant Activity.
Authors: Kim Jae‐Kon , Noh Jung Hyun , Lee Sungeun , Choi Jae Sue , Suh Hongsuk , Chung Hae Young , Song Yeong‐Ok , Choi Won Chul 
Published: May 2010

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Heterocyclic Analogues of Pleiadiene. Part 69. Synthesis and Oxidative Hydroxylation of 1‐Alkyl‐1,3‐diazapyrenium Salts.
Authors: Borovlev I. V. , Demidov O. P. , Chernyshev A. V. , Pozharskii A. F. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A similarity-index–based method to estimate chemical concentration limits protective for ecological communities
Authors: Kefford Ben J. , Schäfer Ralf B. , Liess Matthias , Goonan Peter , Metzeling Leon , Nugegoda Dayanthi 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
A new method is presented to determine retrospectively proportional changes of species composition in a community at risk from particular concentrations of chemical stressors. The method makes estimates with some similarities to those claimed by species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) but is based on species presence/absence field data and requires assumptions that are more likely to be met. The method uses Jaccard's index (JI), the proportion of species in common to two samples. At a similar level of contamination, the occurrence of species is usually highly variable, and thus JI values between individual pairs of samples can be low. However, by pooling samples with a similar contamination level, an increasingly complete set of species present at this level of contamination is gained. Our method involves calculating JI between randomly selected groups of samples (pooled sample sets) with similar and different levels of contamination. It then relates changes in JI to the difference in contamination and produces estimates of the proportional change in species between preselected categories of contamination. The application of the method is illustrated by using data on riverine freshwater macroinvertebrates exposed to salinity in southeastern Australia; pesticide runoff potential in the Aller River Catchment, Germany; and metal pollution (principle Cu) in the Clark Fork River Catchment, Montana, USA. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:2123–2131. © 2010 SETAC
The moment‐guided Monte Carlo method
Authors: Degond Pierre , Dimarco Giacomo , Pareschi Lorenzo 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn this work we propose a new approach for the numerical simulation of kinetic equations through Monte Carlo schemes. We introduce a new technique that permits to reduce the variance of particle methods through a matching with a set of suitable macroscopic moment equations. In order to guarantee that the moment equations provide the correct solutions, they are coupled to the kinetic equation through a nonequilibrium term. The basic idea, on which the method relies, consists in guiding the particle positions and velocities through moment equations so that the concurrent solution of the moment and kinetic models furnishes the same macroscopic quantities. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A lattice Boltzmann model for two‐dimensional sound wave in the small perturbation compressible flows
Authors: Zhang Jianying , Yan Guangwu , Yan Bo , Shi Xiubo 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA multi‐entropy‐level lattice Boltzmann model for two‐dimensional sound wave equation in the small perturbation flows is presented. In this model, we used higher‐order moment method, multi‐scale technique and the Chapman–Enskog expansion, and multi‐entropy‐level to obtain sound wave equation with isentropic equation. As numerical examples, the Doppler effects in the sound wave propagation, the sound scattering from circular cylinder are simulated. The numerical results show that this model can be used to simulate sound wave propagation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparative study of various pressure relaxation closure models for one‐dimensional two‐material Lagrangian hydrodynamics
Authors: Kamm J. R. , Shashkov M. J. , Fung J. , Harrison A. K. , Canfield T. R. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractLagrangian hydrodynamics of strength‐free materials continues to present open issues, even in one dimension. We focus on the problem of closing a system of equations for a two‐material cell under the assumption of a single velocity model. There are several existing models and approaches, each possessing different levels of fidelity to the underlying physics and each exhibiting unique features in the computed solutions. We consider three models that take different approaches to breaking the assumption of instantaneous pressure equilibration in the mixed‐material cell. The first of these is the well‐known method of Tipton, in which a viscosity‐like pressure relaxation term is coupled with an otherwise isentropic pressure update to obtain closed‐form expressions for the materials' volume fractions and corresponding sub‐cell pressures. The second is the physics‐inspired, geometry‐based pressure relaxation model of Kamm and Shashkov, which is based on an optimization procedure that uses a local, exact Riemann problem. The third model is the unique aspect of this paper, inspired by the work of Delov and Sadchikov and Goncharov and Yanilkin. This sub‐scale dynamics approach is motivated by the linearized Riemann problem to initialize volume fraction changes, which are then modified, via the materials' SIEs, to drive the mixed cell toward pressure equilibrium. Each of these approaches is packaged in the framework of a two‐step time integration scheme. We compare these multi‐material pressure relaxation models, together with corresponding pure‐material calculations, on idealized, two‐material problems with either ideal‐gas or stiffened‐gas equations of state. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MRI quantification of non‐Gaussian water diffusion by kurtosis analysis
Authors: Jensen Jens H. , Helpern Joseph A. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractQuantification of non‐Gaussianity for water diffusion in brain by means of diffusional kurtosis imaging (DKI) is reviewed. Diffusional non‐Gaussianity is a consequence of tissue structure that creates diffusion barriers and compartments. The degree of non‐Gaussianity is conveniently quantified by the diffusional kurtosis and derivative metrics, such as the mean, axial, and radial kurtoses. DKI is a diffusion‐weighted MRI technique that allows the diffusional kurtosis to be estimated with clinical scanners using standard diffusion‐weighted pulse sequences and relatively modest acquisition times. DKI is an extension of the widely used diffusion tensor imaging method, but requires the use of at least 3 b‐values and 15 diffusion directions. This review discusses the underlying theory of DKI as well as practical considerations related to data acquisition and post‐processing. It is argued that the diffusional kurtosis is sensitive to diffusional heterogeneity and suggested that DKI may be useful for investigating ischemic stroke and neuropathologies, such as Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proton MRS of large multiple sclerosis lesions reveals subtle changes in metabolite T1 and area
Authors: Brief E. E. , Vavasour I. M. , Laule C. , Li D. K. B. , MacKay A. L. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe T1 values of metabolites were measured in eight subjects with clinically definite multiple sclerosis (MS) having at least one large brain lesion (2.6 ± 0.7 mL) and in eight age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls. MRS examinations were conducted at 1.5 T using point‐resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) (TE = 30 ms, TR = 530, 750, 1200, 1500, 3500, 5000 ms). Spectra were acquired from a voxel placed in the largest lesion in the subject with MS, and in a corresponding voxel (same size and region) in normal white matter (NWM) in the matched control, and were fitted using LCModel. As there are regional variations in metabolite and water T1 and metabolite signal areas, careful placement of the control voxel was necessary to measure subtle differences between the lesions and NWM. The T1 and T1‐corrected signal areas of creatine were the same in MS lesions as in controls. The T1 values of choline were significantly shorter in MS lesions located in occipital and parietal, but not in frontal, white matter. N‐Acetylaspartate (NAA) and myoinositol T1 values in MS lesions were similar to those in NWM; however, the area of myoinositol correlated directly with lesion water T1, and the area of NAA correlated inversely with lesion water T1. MR spectra acquired at short TR require T1 correction of choline for accurate quantification. Careful voxel placement in controls to match lesion location in subjects with MS enables a clearer view of the subtle changes in lesions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improvement of resolution for brain coupled metabolites by optimized 1H MRS at 7 T
Authors: Choi Changho , Dimitrov Ivan E. , Douglas Deborah , Patel Aditya , Kaiser Lana G. , Amezcua Carlos A. , Maher Elizabeth A. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractResolution enhancement for glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln) and glutathione (GSH) in the human brain by TE‐optimized point‐resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) at 7 T is reported. Sub‐TE dependences of the multiplets of Glu, Gln, GSH, γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) and N‐acetylaspartate (NAA) at 2.2–2.6 ppm were investigated with density matrix simulations, incorporating three‐dimensional volume localization. The numerical simulations indicated that the C4‐proton multiplets can be completely separated with (TE1, TE2) = (37, 63) ms, as a result of a narrowing of the multiplets and suppression of the NAA 2.5 ppm signal. Phantom experiments reproduced the signal yield and lineshape from simulations within experimental errors. In vivo tests of optimized PRESS were conducted on the prefrontal cortex of six healthy volunteers. In spectral fitting by LCModel, Cramér–Rao lower bounds (CRLBs) of Glu, Gln and GSH were 2 ± 1, 5 ± 1 and 6 ± 2 (mean ± SD), respectively. To evaluate the performance of the optimized PRESS method under identical experimental conditions, stimulated‐echo spectra were acquired with (TE, TM) = (14, 37) and (74, 68) ms. The CRLB of Glu was similar between PRESS and short‐TE stimulated‐echo acquisition mode (STEAM), but the CRLBs of Gln and GSH were lower in PRESS than in both STEAM acquisitions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulation of fragmentation of arginine molecule aggregate by quantum molecular dynamics for TOF‐SIMS spectral analysis
Authors: Kato N. , Kudo M. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractFor detailed analysis of fragmentation of organic molecules in TOF‐SIMS spectra, fragmentation process of an arginine molecule was simulated by using the quantum molecular dynamics (QMD) method. In this simulation which was assumed as thermal decomposition process, thermal energies given to an arginine molecule were 0.17, 0.34, 0.51, 0.69 and 0.86 eV. In the simulation which was assumed as molecular collision process, collision energies between two arginine molecules were 50 and 100 eV. Molecular mass and number of fragment molecules resulted from these simulations were compared to mass and intensity of fragments in experimental TOF‐SIMS spectra of arginine. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ToF‐SIMS characterization of the lipid layer on the hair surface. II : Effect of the 18‐MEA lipid layer on surface hydrophobicity
Authors: Okamoto Masayuki , Tanji Noriyuki , Habe Taichi , Inoue Shigeto , Tokunaga Shinichi , Tanamachi Hiroto 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn this study, the effect of the damage level of 18‐MEA on the hydrophobicity of hair surfaces and the mechanism of technology for replenishment of the lipid on damaged hair surfaces were examined using Time‐of‐Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS). The surface amount of 18‐MEA was measured in Japanese women by ToF‐SIMS. It was obvious that the 18‐MEA was decreased drastically by coloring treatments, especially in individuals who underwent such treatments more than two times per year. Additionally, even in hair without any chemical treatments, more than 80 percent of 18‐MEA was removed at the portion 40 cm from the hair root. The relationship between the surface contact angle of the hair fiber and the 18‐MEA amount showed that 18‐MEA played an important role in surface hydrophobicity. It was found that, as a replenishment technology of the surface lipid layer, 18‐MEA conditioner treatment combined with a specific cationic surfactant (Stearoxypropyldimethylamine: SPDA) effectively results in persistent hydrophobicity and low friction on damaged hair surfaces. ToF‐SIMS analyses revealed that the homogeneous adsorption layer provided by 18‐MEA/SPDA treatment resulted in effective hydrophobicity in damaged hair. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bin+ cluster ion sources for investigation of a covalently immobilized mixed film composed of oligonucleotides and poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) brushes
Authors: Wong April K. Y. , Sodhi R. N. S. , Krull Ulrich J. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe ability of Bin+ cluster ion sources to provide information about the physical structure of an integrated film composed of oligonucleotides and non‐nucleic acid oligomers of poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) has been explored using static time‐of‐flight (ToF) SIMS (ToF‐SIMS). Fragment intensities from PHEMA and oligonucleotides were compared. Negative ion spectra indicated that the Bi5+ source provided details that were either not apparent or at much reduced sensitivity when using Bi3+ and Bi+ sources. The Bi3+ ion source provided higher secondary ion intensities for positive ion fragments, and more than 200‐fold selectivity for ionization of oligonucleotide in comparison to PHEMA when in mixture, even though the oligonucleotides were not immobilized as a coating superimposed on PHEMA. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Three‐dimensional reconstruction of a nickel‐ alumina composite coating by FIB‐SIMS
Authors: Chater Richard J. , Corni Ilaria , Boccaccini Aldo R. , Ryan Mary P. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe alumina particle distribution in a nickel‐alumina composite coating on stainless steel was determined using the aluminum secondary ion images that were generated by sputtering a cross‐section of the coating with a highly focused gallium primary ion beam (FIB). Thin slices of the coating were removed using the same beam with further imaging of the fresh surface which was very smooth despite the difference in the sputter rates of the two materials. Sequential SIMS imaging and sectioning resulted in a sequence of images from which the 3D distribution of the alumina particles in the composite coating was reconstructed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular and cellular events of dopamine D1 receptor‐mediated tau phosphorylation in SK‐N‐MC cells
Authors: Lebel Manon , Cyr Michel 
Published: May 2010

AbstractMicrotubules are involved in the formation of axons and dendrites, maintenance of neuronal morphology, and cellular trafficking. Recent studies suggest that drugs affecting dopamine activity in the brain can induce cytoskeletal modifications. For instance, we have demonstrated in acute rat brain slices a molecular chain of events connecting dopamine D1 receptor to aberrant phosphorylation of the microtubule‐associated protein tau. However, the molecular and cellular effects of tau phosphorylated by means of the activation of dopamine receptors were unexplored. Here we used SK‐N‐MC cells, which express endogenously functional D1 receptors, to demonstrate that levels of phosphorylated tau at serines 199–202 or 214 are increased by a calcium‐dependent pathway subsequent to D1 receptor stimulation. Using selective pharmacological tools, we showed that enhanced intracellular calcium lead to cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 (cdk5) activation, by calpain proteolysis of p35 to p25, as well as glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) activation, by its phosphorylation at tyrosine 216. Interestingly, while the activation of protein kinase A (PKA) led directly to the phosphorylation of tau at serine 214, tau phosphorylation at serines 199–202 was independent of PKA. In addition, inhibition of cdk5 or GSK3β prevented the decrease in cell viability induced by D1 receptor stimulation whereas PKA inhibition had no influence. Our data demonstrate that activation of cdk5 and GSK3β following D1 receptor stimulation could have profound influence on both the neuronal cytoskeletal constituent tau and cell survival in SK‐N‐MC cells. Synapse 65:69–76, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A modified lipid composition in Fabry disease leads to an intracellular block of the detergent‐resistant membrane‐associated dipeptidyl peptidase IV
Authors: Maalouf Katia , Jia Jia , Rizk Sandra , Brogden Graham , Keiser Markus , Das Anibh , Naim Hassan Y. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractFabry disease is an X‐linked lysosomal storage disorder that leads to abnormal accumulation of glycosphingolipids due to a deficiency of alpha‐galactosidase A (AGAL). The consequences of these alterations on the targeting of membrane proteins are poorly understood. Glycosphingolipids are enriched in Triton‐X‐100‐ resistant lipid rafts [detergent‐resistant membranes (DRMs)] and play an important role in the transport of several membrane‐associated proteins. Here, we show that In fibroblasts of patients suffering from Fabry disease, the colocalization of AGAL with the lysosomal marker LAMP2 is decreased compared with wild‐type fibroblasts concomitant with a reduced transport of AGAL to lysosomes. Furthermore, overall composition of membrane lipids in the patients’ fibroblasts as well as in DRMs reveals a substantial increase in the concentration of glycolipids and a slight reduction of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). The altered glycolipid composition in Fabry fibroblasts is associated with an intracellular accumulation and impaired trafficking of the Triton‐X‐100 DRM‐associated membrane glycoprotein dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) in transfected Fabry cells, whereas no effect could be observed on the targeting of aminopeptidase N (ApN) that is not associated with this type of DRM. We propose that changes in the lipid composition of cell membranes in Fabry disease disturb the ordered Triton X‐100 DRMs and have implications on the trafficking and sorting of DRM‐associated proteins and the overall protein–lipid interaction at the cell membrane. Possible consequences could be altered signalling at the cell surface triggered by DRM‐associated proteins, with implications on gene regulation and subsequent protein expression.