bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electroretinogram alterations in a monozygotic twin sisters discordant retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: HALFELD FURTADO DE MENDONCA R , OLIVEIRA MAIA JúNIOR O , HENRIQUE NOVER G , YUKIHIKO TAKAHASHI W 
Published: September 2009

Abstract Purpose We describe the electroretinographic alteration in an interesting and unusual case of a twin sisters discordant Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP). Methods A 30‐year‐old woman complained of night blindness. She and her twin sister, underwent complete ophthalmological exams including fundoscopy, retinography and electroretinogram at the Clinical Hospital of the University of São Paulo. Results The scotopic full‐field electroretinogram was non detectable and not significantly different from noise. The fotopic and flicker responses were present, but abnormal. The multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) showed a residual central cone response. The scotopic and fotopic full‐field electroretinogram and mf‐ERG of the sister were normal. Conclusion The discordant RP is very rare and the electrophysiological tests are important to confirm diagnosis. We believe that RP can manifest in incomplete penetrance or in different phenotypes.
The damaging effect of various intensities of light on retinal function in pigmented rats.
Authors: BARYLUK A , THALER S , REJDAK R , BOLZ S , ZRENNER E , ZARNOWSKI T 
Published: September 2009

Abstract Purpose To investigate the functional retinal damage following the short term (6h) light exposure in pigmented rats. Methods One group of dark adapted Brown‐Norway rats was exposed for 6 h to 10 klux without mydriasis. Five groups of rats were exposed to different intensities of light (10, 5, 3.4, 2.7 and 1.7 klux) for 6 h with pupil dilatation. Electroretinography (ERG) was recorded prior to, and at 1st and 7th day after light damage (LD). ERG protocol enabled quantification of scotopic sensitivity parameters (Vmax‐saturated b‐wave amplitude and k‐ luminance to reach Vmax/2),photopic cone response and oscillatory potentials(OPs). Results The exposure to 10 klux without mydriasis did not result in significant retinal injury. In groups subjected to mydriasis, the light of 1.7 klux resulted in nonsignificant (ns) decrease of ERG response. However, the severe loss of retinal function was reported after exposure to higher intensities. The value of Vmax at 1st day after LD was reduced respectively to 90±25%(ns), 19±5%, 7±4%, 4±1% and 3±0.3% of baseline value (p<0.05).No significant improvement was recorded during the following 7 days. The parallel decrease was observed in scotopic mixed (rod+cone) a‐ and b‐wave amplitude,in photopic response and in OPs. The scotopic threshold luminance increased gradually together with the damaging light intensity, while the value of parameter k was only narrowly altered (p>0.05) after LD in all animal groups. Conclusion Our results show, that a few hours' illumination with the light of even moderate intensity may result in severe functional retinal impairment in pigmented rats. Presented model may be useful to study the cell degenerations in pigmented retinas.
Analysis of multifocal electroretinography implicit times in the prediction of macular hole formation
Authors: VARSANYI B , TUZSON R , NAGY BV , FERENCZ M , FARKAS A 
Published: September 2009

Abstract Purpose Our aim was to investigate the predictive role of multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) by analyzing the implicit time changes in the fellow eye of patients with unilateral macular hole. Methods 80 eyes of 40 patients with unilateral macular hole were examined by mfERG (RetiScan, Roland Consult, Germany). Ring ratios of the multifocal electroretinograms were calculated by correlating the central rings’ implicit time with that of the peripheral ones (T1/T2, T1/T3, T1/T4 and T1/T5). After vitreoretinal surgery, during the follow‐up period of 24 months, in 13 of 40 cases macular hole formation was detected in the previously intact fellow eye by optical coherence tomography. Patients were divided into two groups according to this. The implicit time ring ratios of the two groups were compared. Results Surprisingly, although the implicit times showed no significant difference in the two groups, the ratios T1/T2, T1/T3, T1/T4 and T1/T5 were significantly lower in the eyes that later developed macular hole (1.08, 1.12, 1.14, 1.16) than those which remained intact (1.01, 1.03, 1.05, 1.07, respectively; p<0,05). Conclusion By analyzing the mfERG implicit time, using ring ratios seems to be a more sensitive method in predicting macular hole formation in the fellow eye, than analyzing the implicit times alone. Lower values might forecast propensity for subsequent macular holes. These patients may require stricter follow‐up.
Development of a software for the exchange of electrophysiological data of vision with PACS systems based on DICOM
Authors: STRASSER T , AVCU S , KONEV V , KORKMAZ F , MANAV E , SCHRECK T , TAUKOVIC M , WILKE R , ZRENNER E 
Published: September 2009

Abstract Purpose Digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) is widely acknowledged as standard in medical informatics. It provides a communication protocol for interchange of diagnostic and therapeutic information, images, and any associated data. Medical devices with DICOM interfaces can be connected to share data. DICOM evolves continuously in supporting new modalities and services and now allows also the interchange of waveforms. In electrophysiology of vision however, storage and exchange of data is mostly based on proprietary protocols of device vendors. We developed a software for vendor neutral storage of electrophysiological data based on DICOM. Methods DICOM follows the object‐oriented paradigm and defines information object definitions (IODs), describing the type of data dealt with (e. g. CT image) as well as service classes (SC) specifying valid operations for specific IODs (e. g. store). SCs and IOPs form so called service object pairs (SOP). In this work, the IOD for waveform data was extended using private attributes as designated by the DICOM standard. A service class user (SCU) for the connection to a picture archiving and communication system (PACS) was developed. The software is based on the PixelMed Java DICOM Toolkit. Testing was done using dcm4chee as PACS. Results The software is integrated in Tuebingen ERG Explorer, allowing for submission of electrophysiological recordings to a PACS. It is used as a prototype at the University Eye Hospital Tuebingen. Conclusion We have introduced a IOD for storage of electrophysiological data of vision as a first step of integration into a distributed eHealth network, leveraging existing DICOM infrastructure like PACS.
From intravitreal cell‐encoated drug therapy to low‐(brain‐)pressure‐glaucoma
Authors: JONAS JB 
Published: September 2009

Abstract Purpose To present potentially new developments in the intraocular drug delivery for therapy of retinal diseases as well as new development for the discussion of the pathogenesis of glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Methods The advantages and limitations of the current intraocular drug therapy will partially be discussed. Additionally, morphologic findings of the optic nerve head assessment inglaucoma and of measurements of the lumbar cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSF‐P) will be presented. Results Analysis of morphologic differenecs between glaucomatous versus non‐glaucomatous optic nerve damage suggests that high‐pressure glaucoma and normal‐pressure glaucoma may share some aspects in their pathogenesis. Correspondingly, the CSF‐P data suggest that normal‐pressure glaucoma may be associated with a low brain pressure. Experimental studies omn the intraocular cell‐based drug delivery suggests that these cells survive for several weeks int he viotreous cavity and continously produce substances, e.g. glucagon‐like peptide 1 and endostatin. Conclusion The prelimanry data suggest that intraocular cell‐based therapy is potentially useful for the treatment of intraocular diseases. Addtiionally, the CSF‐P meausrements suggest that a low brain pressure may potentially be connected with glaucomatous optic neuropathy.
Commercial interest
Implantation of intraocular lens in children with uveitis : long term visual outcome and prognosis
Authors: HAY A , TERRADA C , AKNIN C , CASSOUX N , LE HOANG P , BODAGHI B 
Published: September 2009

Abstract Purpose To evaluate long term visual acuity, intra ocular inflammation and late complications for children with chronic uveitis who underwent cataract surgery with posterior chamber intra ocular lens (IOL) implantation. Methods Retrospective, monocentric study of children under 16 with chronic uveitis and who underwent cataract surgery between january 1996 and december 2001. Surgical protocol included : phacoaspiration with posterior capsulorhexis, anterior vitrectomy and IOL implantation. Visual acuity, intra ocular pressure, slight lamp examination, laser flare photometry and anti inflammatory treatment were analyzed at different time points. Results 17 eyes of 12 children (8 boys, 4 girls) were included. Uveitis was bilateral in 6 cases. The mean age at surgery was 10.5 years (ranged from 4 to 15) and the mean follow up time was 8.9 years (from 7 to 13). Diagnosis of uveitis was idiopathic juvenile arthritis in 8 cases (64.7%), sarcoidosis in 1 case and finally no etiology was identified in 3 cases (29.4%). Seven years after surgery, the mean visual acuity was 0.33 logMAR and 82% of children had still an immuno modulatory treatment. Late complications were : glaucoma (11.7%) , Elschnig perls (11.7%) , giant cells on IOL (35%) and CME (6%) of cases. Conclusion IOL implantation in children with chronic uveitis prevents amblyopia and allows rapid visual recovery. Complete surgical procedure in this group of children has interesting results on visual acuity and rehabilitation. Strict and long‐term control of intraocular inflammation is mandatory in order to prevent major complications and blindness. Implantation should not be proposed in young children with JIA‐associated uveitis.
Aqueous humor keratinocyte growth factor levels in patients with acute anterior uveitis.
Authors: FRANCES‐MUNOZ E , GALLEGO‐PINAZO R , DIAZ‐LLOPIS M , GARCIA‐DELPECH S , SALOM D , UDAONDO‐MIRETE P , MARIN‐LAMBIES C 
Published: September 2009

Abstract Purpose Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) is produced by cells of mesenchymal origin and has an important role in repairing tissues and possesses anti‐inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of KGF in the aqueous humor in eyes with acute anterior uveitis (AAU). Methods A prospective, comparative control study. Aqueous humor was collected from 16 eyes of 16 patients with AAU. The level of KGF was determined with a commercially available enzyme‐linked immunoabsorbent assay kit. The control group comprised 16 aqueous samples from 16 patients about to undergo cataract surgery and without any other ocular or systemic diseases. Results The concentration of KGF in aqueous humor was markedly higher in patients with UUA than in control subjects (Mann‐Withney U test, P< 0.001). The level of KGF was 38.06 ± 37.46 (mean ± SD) pg/ml in eyes with UUA and 3.50 ± 1.3 pg/ml in the eyes of the control group. Conclusion The aqueous humor KGF level is increased in eyes with AAU. These results imply that KGF is associated with the regulation of inflammation in patients with AAU.
Inhibition of viral replication in vitro by antiviral‐treated amniotic membrane
Authors: MENCUCCI R , PALADINI I , MENCHINI U , DEI R 
Published: September 2009

Abstract Purpose To investigate if amniotic membrane soaked with antivirals could inhibit viral growth in vitro Methods Amniotic membrane fragments were incubated with antiviral solutions of acyclovir and trifluridine . After having inoculated vero cells with a viral suspension of HSV1 and added with the AM fragments we tested them for the antiviral activity by recording the cytophatic effect and DNA assessment by Quantitative‐PCR. Results AM soaked in ACV 50 mg/ml was capable to inhibit the development of HSV viral growth in cell cultures. Non‐treated AM did not significantly affect viral replication. Conclusion Our preliminary in vitro data show that amniotic membrane can absorb the antivirals
Non surgical approach in diabetic macular edema : the future ?
Authors: CHIQUET C 
Published: September 2009

Abstract Purpose To present the different non surgical therapeutical options of diabetic macular edema Methods The pathogenesis of diabetic macular edema is multifactorial. Hyperglycemia and poor systemic factor balance are major risk factors. Laser treatemnts and antiagiogenic treatments represent the main non surgical options to treat macular edema. Results Focal macular edema remains the best indication of laser treatment. Laser remains also the standard of care of diffuse macular edema but some edemas remain resistant. Several therapeutic options have been proposed : Steroid intravitreal injection and antiVEGF therapy (either PKC inhibitors, VEGF aptamers or VEGF antibodies) represent the future alternative treatments as well as their potential combination. Conclusion Laser remains the main treatment of diabetic macular edema. However, steroids and antiangiogenic agents either isolated or combined represent the main alternative treatment for non responding diffuse macular edema.
Macular edema in epiretinal membrane and vitreomacular traction
Authors: CREUZOT C 
Published: September 2009

Abstract Purpose Macular edema occuring during macular diseases is a frequent situation. The purpose of this course is to highlight the clinical signs and the different treatments which can be used to treat macular edema occuring during epiretinal membrane and vitreomacular traction syndrome. Methods Macular edema is frequently associated with epiretinal membranes and vitreomacular traction. Up to now, no specific preoperative macular edema phenotype can predict the postoperative recovery. Different methods were proposed to improve functional results: ILM peeling, intravitreal steroid injection, intravitreal antiangiogenic injections… Results The widespread use of transconjunctival vitrectomy, the combination of cataract and macular surgeries will probably change the indication of macular surgery leading to sooner surgical indications for better recovery. By contrast, vitreomacular traction often leads to a rapidly progressive visual loss. The analysis should distinguish diffuse diabetic macular edema which remains the only validated surgical indication of macular edema in diabetes and the vitreomacular traction without diabetes. This latter needs a rapid surgical management as macular edema is often severe. Conclusion Macular edema is a frequent situation associated to macular disease. It can compromise the outcomes after macular surgeriy. Attempts to define the best moment to consider surgery should improve the functional results.
History of and necessity for KPros
Authors: LIU C , GOMAA A 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe history of keratoprostheses goes back over 200 years. There was a resurgence in interest in the second half of the twentieth century as it was recognised that keratoplasty could not solve all types of corneal blindness. Many devices have been described but few have survived. Corneal transplantation is complicated by graft rejection and astigmatism. There is also a problem with adequate supply, and there is a risk of transmission of infection. There is a desire for an artificial cornea which surpasses cadaveric transplantation. There is much ongoing work, but the majority of clinical work on keratoprostheses are for corneal blindness not amenable to cadaveric grafts. These can be separated into two main groups. The wet blinking eye which have had multiple graft failures, and the dry eye with a keratinised ocular surface which may also have a deficiency in lid cover. The approaches to these are quite different.
Boston keratoprosthesis
Authors: DOHLMAN CH 
Published: September 2009

Abstract Purpose To outline the present designs, recent outcomes and acceptance of the Boston devices. In addition, several areas of new developments will be briefly discussed. Methods The Boston KPros implanted in Boston from 1990 to present provide the clinical basis for recent studies on materials, optics, drug delivery, intraocular pressure transducers, complications such as infections and retinal detachment, cost‐effectiveness, outcome in the developing world, etc. The details are presented in accompanying posters. Results More than 3000 Boston Keratoprostheses have so far been implanted worldwide. Recent outcome studies that have been published from centers outside Boston are particularly suitable for meta‐analysis. For outcome of recent research in Boston, see posters. Conclusion The Boston Keratoprostheses have shown clinical value but there is still a substantial gap to fill before having arrived at a simple, safe and inexpensive keratoprosthesis procedure for all corneal blindness, in all parts of the world.
Boston type I in pediatric patients
Authors: AQUAVELLA J , CHAK G 
Published: September 2009

Abstract Purpose To present a retrospective review of keratoprosthetic implantation and retention in patients with congenital corneal opacities. Methods Pediatric patients younger than seven years old, the average age of permanent visual loss from understimulation of the visual cortex, were selected from a single center Boston Type I keratoprosthesis database and categorized by 1) primary diagnosis, 2) short‐term visual outcome, and 3) post‐operative complications. Results Seventeen patients, with an age range of 41 days up to 6 years, were selected from a database of over one hundred and forty patients. Six had a primary diagnosis of sclerocornea and eleven had Peter’s anomaly. Visual outcome after one year improved in fourteen of the patients, with patients who previously could not detect light to subsequently being able to fixate and follow or even read allen cards. The remaining three patients showed no improvement in visual acuity but also no worsening from their baseline condition. In terms of post‐operative complications of the optic, two had retroprosthetic membrane formation, and another patient required replacement of the keratoprosthesis due to phthisis and optic melting. From a retinal standpoint, four patients had retinal detachments. There were no cases of choroidal hemorrhaging or hypotony in these patients. Conclusion Based on visual outcome, the Boston Type I keratoprosthesis is a safe and effective procedure for patients with congenital corneal opacities. With great retention, the artificial cornea is a viable option for prevention of amblyopia. Due to comorbidities such as congenital cataracts, congenital glaucoma, and retinal detachments, it is crucial to have glaucoma and vitreo‐retinal surgeons on hand when managing and implanting keratoprosthesis in a pediatric population.
Design, surgical technique and complications MOOKP
Authors: FALCINELLI GC , COLLIARDO P 
Published: September 2009

Abstract Purpose To describe design, surgical technique of the modified osteo‐odonto‐keratoprosthesis (MOOKP),originated from Strampelli's OOKP, with the modifications and the innovations made by Falcinelli, between these thoseones of the last years to the first stage of the procedure, never published. Methods First stage:abstraction of the mono‐rooted tooth with surrounding root and bone. Preparation of the lamina to which, in the dentine central part,the PMMA optic cylinder is glued.Burying of the lamina for 3 months (subcutaneoos pocket). New modification:opening of the A.C., complete removal of the iris, lens cryo‐extraction,anterior vitrectomy.Intermediate stage: after 1 month covering of the eye surface by buccal mucosa. Final stage: after3 months implant of the lamina on the eye with insertion in A.C. of the cylinder after corneal trephining,covering with buccal mucosa previously detached. Results MOOKP COMPLICATIONS‐ 1‐ Intraoperative, easy to be cured. 2‐ After the 1st stage and intermediate stage: all easily treatable. 3‐ After the prosthesis implant, more severe: a) Prosthesis complications which affect mainly the mucosa, easy to be cured, or the lamina and the cylinder, more rare, difficult to be cured. b) Eye complications: retinal detachment, not frequent and easily cured. Retroprosthetic membranes, very rare. Endophthalmites, very difficult to treat, fortunately rare. Conclusion Biological properties Strampelli's osteo‐odonto lamina (OOL)with Falcinelli's surgical modifications make of MOOKP a KPro with best results, teorically without duration limits in the less and in the very severe cases of corneal and anterior oculare surfice alterations like the last stage of dray eye.
Gene transfer of disease regulated promoters during experimental autoimmune uveitis
Authors: ELMALEH V 
Published: September 2009

Abstract Purpose Adeno‐associated virus (AAV) vectors have been successfully used to transfer immunosuppressive genes into the retina to prevent experimental uveitis development. Transgene expression is classically regulated by constitutive or tetracycline inducible promoters. It might be more advantageous that the control of transgene expression depends on the pathological process itself. Inflammation activates transcription factors acting on promoters containing short responsive sequences, responding, for example to nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB‐RE). These responsive elements can be used to generate disease regulated promoters. Methods An AAV vector with the GFP gene under the control of a NF‐kB‐RE containing promoter will be injected subretinally in C57Bl6 mice. Autoimmune uveitis will be induced by adoptive transfer of IRBP specific lymphocytes. Animals will be sacrificed at different time points. GFP expression will be analysed by immunofluorescence. VCAM1, MHC II and CD45 will be analysed by immunofluorescence and used to monitor the level of retinal inflammation. Results One week after disease induction, GFP expression was found in eyes injected with this new vector. Milder GFP expression was also found in mice who did not received adoptive transfer. This background was increased a J14. Conclusion Our preliminary results suggest that disease driven GFP expression can be obtained by the use of AAV vectors containing disease regulated promoters. We still need some more times to improve our model. In the future, we plan to replace the GFP gene by an immunosuppressive gene and test if the system can be use to treat experimental uveitis.