bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developmental dyslexia: an overview
Authors: Thambirajah M. S. 
Published: June 2010

SummaryFirst described over 100 years ago, developmental dyslexia (reading disability) has been a controversial subject. There has been much confusion regarding the definition, the psychological basis, the conceptualisation and even the name. Recent research has helped us to understand the main underlying cognitive deficits that lead to poor reading. Brain imaging studies conducted during the performance of reading tasks have shed light on its biological basis and genetic studies have identified a number of genes that are associated with reading difficulties. Together, these studies have led to a redefinition and new understanding of developmental dyslexia. This article examines these recent findings. A second article to appear in Advances will focus on clinical aspects of the disorder.
Scotland's national approach to improving mental health services: integrated care pathways as tools for redesign and continuous quality improvement
Authors: El-Ghorr Ali , Cameron Rosie , Fleming Mark , McKechnie Linda , Thomson David , Doherty Sean 
Published: June 2010

National Health Service (NHS) Scotland is taking a national approach to improving the quality and safety of mental health services. This programme relies on implementing integrated care pathways (ICPs) for people with mental health conditions across the whole journey of care. This long-term improvement programme has started with the publication of national standards by NHS Quality Improvement Scotland (NHS QIS), setting out the framework of what needs to be developed in each local area. The emphasis of development and implementation of the ICPs lies with local NHS Boards to ensure they are developed with local ownership and to meet the needs of the local population. However, to ensure accreditation by NHS QIS, the local ICPs must incorporate the national standards and evidence improvement to the quality of care provided. A concerted effort has been made to ensure good involvement of service users, social work colleagues and NHS staff in order to get buy-in from all stakeholders. NHS QIS is also supporting local boards and their partner agencies in their implementation of ICPs through a team of National ICP Coordinators and has developed a web-based toolkit to act as an electronic resource: www.icptoolkit.org . This supportive and facilitative approach helped to ensure that person-centred care was driving service redesign. This is the beginning of a long-term improvement programme that has been carefully staged and is being facilitated in order to give it the best chance for success. In Scotland, ICPs for mental health are being used as a tool for service redesign and continuous quality improvement and a way to focus on meeting service user needs.
Treatment of posterior ankle pain by excision of a bipartite talar fragment
Authors: Mann H. A. , Myerson M. S. 
Published: June 2010

We describe five adolescent patients aged between 13 and 16 years with bipartite ossification of the posteromedial aspect of the talus. All presented without a history of trauma. All the ankles had a similar radiological appearance. Clinically, some restriction of movement was noted in three ankles and two subtalar joints, In addition, pain was noted over the posteromedial aspect of the ankle in three patients. In each patient the bipartite fragment was excised through a posteromedial approach to the ankle. Complete resolution was achieved at six months in three patients, with the remaining two describing exercise-induced symptoms. In one of these this precluded participation in sport. Despite numerous anatomical variations within the tarsus, a case series of a bipartite talus has not previously been reported. This anatomical variation should be recognised to avoid misinterpretation as post-traumatic or other pathological processes. In the presence of recalcitrant symptoms excision is an option, but this is not universally successful in abolishing symptoms.
Look-alike Bags of Sterile Water and Sodium Chloride; Enjuvia or Januvia?; Order Entry Error; Dose Counter May Not Work
Authors: Cohen Michael R. 
Published: June 2010

These medication errors have occurred in health care facilities at least once. They will happen again—perhaps where you work. Through education and alertness of personnel and procedural safeguards, they can be avoided. You should consider publishing accounts of errors in your newsletters and/or presenting them in your inservice training programs. Your assistance is required to continue this feature. The reports described here were received through the USP Medication Errors Reporting Program (MERP), which is presented in cooperation with the Institute for Safe Medication Practices. If you have encountered medication errors and would like to report them, you may call USP toll-free, 24 hours a day, at 800-233-7767 (800-23-ERROR). Any reports published by ISMP will be anonymous. Comments are also invited; the writers' names will be published if desired. ISMP may be contacted at the address shown below. Errors, close calls, or hazardous conditions may be reported through the ISMP ( www.ismp.org ) or USP ( www.usp.org ) Web sites or communicated directly to ISMP by calling 800-FAIL-SAFE or via E-mail at ismpinfo@ismp.org . ISMP guarantees the confidentiality and security of the information received and respects reporters' wishes as to the level of detail included in publications.
Thalidomide: Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Authors: Generali Joyce , Cada Dennis J. 
Published: June 2010

Off-Label Drug Uses This Hospital Pharmacy feature is extracted from Off-Label DrugFacts, a quarterly publication available from Wolters Kluwer Health. Off-Label DrugFacts is a practitioner-oriented resource for information about specific FDA-unapproved drug uses. This new guide to the literature will enable the health care professional/clinician to quickly identify published studies on off-label uses and to determine if a specific use is rational in a patient care scenario. The most relevant data are provided in tabular form, so the reader can easily identify the scope of information available. A summary of the data—including background, study design, patient population, dosage information, therapy duration, results, safety, and therapeutic considerations—precedes each table of published studies. References direct the reader to the full literature for more comprehensive information prior to patient care decisions. Direct questions or comments regarding “Off-Label Drug Uses” to hospitalpharmacy@drugfacts.com .
Outcomes of an Erythropoietic Growth Factor Interchange Program in Hospitalized Chronic Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Mohammad Rima A. , Sweet Burgunda V. , Mueller Bruce A. , Perlman Rachel L. , Stevenson James G. 
Published: June 2010

Background The substantial cost of erythropoietic growth factors (EGFs), darbepoetin alfa and epoetin alfa, has led many institutions to evaluate EGF usage and costs in the hospital setting. The primary objectives of this study were to determine the clinical impact on hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, postdischarge epoetin alfa dose requirements, and the economic impact of a darbepoetin alfa for epoetin alfa therapeutic interchange program in hospitalized hemodialysis patients. Methods A retrospective review was conducted in 79 patients (43 during a control period and 36 during the interchange period). The control group consisted of chronic hemodialysis patients admitted to the hospital before the therapeutic interchange program was implemented (September 2002 through September 2003); the interchange group included patients admitted after implementation of the interchange program (October 2003 through October 2004). Clinical parameters including Hb concentration, concomitant iron therapy, packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusions, EGF dose and cost were collected beginning 2 months prior to hospitalization, during hospitalization, through 2 months post hospital discharge. Results No differences were observed between groups in baseline demographics. There was a greater decrease in Hb concentration in the control group compared to the interchange group, but this did not achieve statistical significance (0.5 g/dL vs 0.3 g/dL, respectively; P = 0.67). EGF dose requirements did not differ between the two groups, nor did the total EGF cost per patient admission before and after hospitalization. Total cost per patient during hospitalization was $164 ± 144 in the control group and $165 ± 156 in the interchange EGF group ( P= 0.97). Conclusion: In the treatment of anemia in hospitalized chronic hemodialysis patients, there were no differences seen in Hb concentration, EGF dose requirements, or overall EGF cost per patient admission. Implementation of the interchange program allowed for market share gains to permit an overall economic benefit across all patients in the amount of $300,000 annually.
Sitagliptin Phosphate
Authors: Cada Dennis J. , Levien Terri , Baker Danial E. 
Published: June 2010

Each month, subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service receive five to six well-documented monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late phase 3 trials. The monographs are targeted to your Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee. Subscribers also receive monthly one-page summary monographs on the agents that are useful for agendas and pharmacy/nursing in-services. A comprehensive target drug utilization evaluation (DUE) is also provided each month. With a subscription, the monographs are sent to you in print and CD-ROM forms and are available online. Monographs can be customized to meet the needs of your facility. Subscribers to the The Formulary Monograph Service also receive access to a pharmacy bulletin board, The Formulary Information Exchange (The F.I.X.). All topics pertinent to clinical and hospital pharmacy are discussed on The FIX. Through the cooperation of The Formulary, Hospital Pharmacy publishes selected reviews in this column. If you would like information about The Formulary Monograph Service or The F.I.X., call The Formulary at 800-322-4349. The February 2007 monograph topics are zoledronic acid injection in Paget's disease and osteoporosis, paliperidone extended-release tablets, temsirolimus, continuous erythropoietin receptor activator, and levocetririzine. The DUE is on inhaled long-acting beta agonists.
PEN Injectors: Technology is not without ImPENding Risks; IV Lipid Emulsion for Bupivacaine Toxicity
Authors: Cohen Michael R. 
Published: June 2010

These medication errors have occurred in health care facilities at least once. They will happen again—perhaps where you work. Through education and alertness of personnel and procedural safeguards, they can be avoided. You should consider publishing accounts of errors in your newsletters and/or presenting them in your inservice training programs. Your assistance is required to continue this feature. The reports described here were received through the USP Medication Errors Reporting Program (MERP), which is presented in cooperation with the Institute for Safe Medication Practices. If you have encountered medication errors and would like to report them, you may call USP toll-free, 24 hours a day, at 800-233-7767 (800-23-ERROR). Any reports published by ISMP will be anonymous. Comments are also invited; the writers' names will be published if desired. ISMP may be contacted at the address shown below. Errors, close calls, or hazardous conditions may be reported through the ISMP ( www.ismp.org ) or USP ( www.usp.org ) Web sites or communicated directly to ISMP by calling 800-FAIL-SAFE or via E-mail at ismpinfo@ismp.org . ISMP guarantees the confidentiality and security of the information received and respects reporters' wishes as to the level of detail included in publications.
Error-Prone Abbreviation: SSRI or SSKI?; “e-Rx” Errors in the Drug Selection Process; How to Avoid Missing Critical Lab Values
Authors: Cohen Michael R. 
Published: June 2010

These medication errors have occurred in health care facilities at least once. They will happen again—perhaps where you work. Through education and alertness of personnel and procedural safeguards, they can be avoided. You should consider publishing accounts of errors in your newsletters and/or presenting them in your inservice training programs. Your assistance is required to continue this feature. The reports described here were received through the USP Medication Errors Reporting Program (MERP), which is presented in cooperation with the Institute for Safe Medication Practices. If you have encountered medication errors and would like to report them, you may call USP toll-free, 24 hours a day, at 800-233-7767 (800-23-ERROR). Any reports published by ISMP will be anonymous. Comments are also invited; the writers' names will be published if desired. ISMP may be contacted at the address shown below. Errors, close calls, or hazardous conditions may be reported through the ISMP ( www.ismp.org ) or USP ( www.usp.org ) Web sites or communicated directly to ISMP by calling 800-FAIL-SAFE or via E-mail at ismpinfo@ismp.org . ISMP guarantees the confidentiality and security of the information received and respects reporters' wishes as to the level of detail included in publications.
A Novel Approach to Monitoring the Diversion of Controlled Substances: The Role of the Pharmacy Compliance Officer
Authors: Fleming Kent , Boyle Deborah , Billie W.J. , Carpenter Jesse , Linck Connie 
Published: June 2010

Purpose The true extent of drug diversion practices in acute health care settings is unknown. Drug abuse by professional staff may result in jeopardized patient safety discredited organizational reputations, compromised financial outcomes, and endangered community trust. Yet, limitations in reporting drug diversion behaviors by health care professionals precludes quantification of the scope of these practices in nurses, physicians, and pharmacists. This manuscript describes one institution's efforts to monitor drug diversion with the implementation of a novel pharmacy-based role, the Pharmacy Compliance Officer (PCO). Methods Nearly 5 years of PCO experience will be identified and organizational drug diversion methods will be delineated. Common profiles of professional drug diverters in acute care will be depicted with a review of the literature on pharmacist, nurse, and physician drug dependency characteristics. The collaborative process between the PCO and Nursing Directors will be described with particular emphasis on options for validating drug diversion and confronting employees with evidence. Exemplars of drug diversion by professional staff will be highlighted with the use of two case studies. Cost implications will be discussed as well. Results The PCO has assisted with the identification of staff at risk, and responsible for, drug diversion. Implementation of this novel role has facilitated the early recognition of staff with active substance abuse disorders. Our relationship with the State Boards of Pharmacy and Nursing has been enhanced due to this proactive approach to recognizing drug diversion practices in professional staff. Conclusion This contemporary strategy has the potential for replication, particularly in large, diverse, urban, acute care settings, where drug volume is high, information systems are frequently complex; hence, identification of drug-diverting professionals is circuitous.
Efforts to Ensure Safety of Hospital Pharmacy Personnel Occupationally Exposed to Antineoplastic Drugs during a Preparation Task
Authors: Ikeda Kenji , Yagi Yuriko , Takegami Manabu , Lu Yuquan , Morimoto Kanehisa , Kurokawa Nobuo 
Published: June 2010

Purpose Antineoplastic drugs are often detected in the plasma and urine of medical staff, despite the adoption of safety measures. This study involves ambulatory chemotherapy, which was prepared on a rotating schedule at the Department of Pharmacy. The first objective of this study was to evaluate occupational exposure by measuring epirubicin in the urine and plasma and sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) in the peripheral lymphocytes of the involved pharmacists. The second, to improve a previously reported method for ease of occupational exposure evaluation. The third, to determine environmental contamination. Methods Pharmacists were categorized into three groups based on three patterns, depending on the other tasks they performed. They were alternately responsible for the preparation in each group with the recommended protections. Samples were collected at the end of each work day. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis along with fluorescence detection was performed at a flow rate of 200 mcL/min using 0.1% formic acid, methanol, and acetonitrile (75:5:20). Epirubicin in the samples was extracted by solid-phase extraction. Chromosomes were prepared according to a standard protocol. Results A final concentration of 2 ng/mL was the lower quantification limit. Epirubicin was not detected in the urine and plasma, and the SCE levels were within the normal limits for all the subjects. However, epirubicin was detected in samples collected from the preparation gloves. Conclusions For personnel safety, it is important to periodically evaluate protective measures. Pharmacists on a rotating schedule who work less than 6 hours per week on preparatory tasks were not unduly exposed to antineoplastics.
Workplace Contamination with Antineoplastic Agents in a New Cancer Hospital Using a Closed-System Drug Transfer Device
Authors: Nyman Heather A. , Jorgenson James A. , Slawson Matthew H. 
Published: June 2010

Objective To determine levels of environmental chemotherapy contamination in a new cancer hospital that has exclusively used a closed-system drug transfer device (PhaSeal) for preparing and administering all compatible antineoplastics. Methods After 6 months of operation, surface samples were collected from pharmacy and nursing areas to determine levels of contamination with cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide. In addition, urine samples were collected from pharmacists, pharmacy technicians, and nurses to determine employee exposure to these agents. All samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Results Twenty-one percent (7/34) of surface samples collected tested positive for cyclophosphamide contamination. Twelve percent (4/34) of surface samples tested positive for ifosfamide. To place this into perspective, historical data collected at our outpatient oncology infusion clinic 6 months after converting to PhaSeal from conventional methods of antineoplastic preparation showed 33% (7/21) and 71% (15/21) of samples tested positive for cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide, respectively. The level of ifosfamide contamination found in samples that tested positive at our new hospital also appeared to be lower than in positive samples at the outpatient infusion clinic. In the current study, the urine of one participant (1/11), a pharmacy technician, tested positive for low levels of cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide. To compare, 71% and 0% of participants tested at the outpatient infusion clinic had positive urine samples prior to and 6 months after implementation of PhaSeal, respectively. Conclusions: Compared with historical levels of contamination in our outpatient oncology infusion clinic, levels of chemotherapy contamination appeared lower. However, some contamination was still present in our new cancer hospital where PhaSeal had been used exclusively.
Fentanyl Effervescent Buccal Tablet
Authors: Cada Dennis J. , Levien Terri , Baker Danial E. 
Published: June 2010

Each month, subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service receive five to six well-documented monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late phase 3 trials. The monographs are targeted to your Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee. Subscribers also receive monthly one-page summary monographs on the agents that are useful for agendas and pharmacy/nursing in-services. A comprehensive target drug utilization evaluation (DUE) is also provided each month. With a subscription, the monographs are sent to you in print and CD-ROM forms and are available online. Monographs can be customized to meet the needs of your facility. Subscribers to the The Formulary Monograph Service also receive access to a pharmacy bulletin board, The Formulary Information Exchange (The F.I.X.). All topics pertinent to clinical and hospital pharmacy are discussed on The FIX. Through the cooperation of The Formulary, Hospital Pharmacy publishes selected reviews in this column. If you would like information about The Formulary Monograph Service or The F.I.X., call The Formulary at 800-322-4349. The March 2007 monograph topics are paliperidone extended-release tablets, retapamulin ointment 1%, estradiol gel, diclofenac sodium solution 1.5%, and oral beclomethasone dipropionate. The DUE is on paliperidone extended-release tablets.
Code N: Multidisciplinary Approach to Proactive Drug Diversion Prevention
Authors: Siegel Jerry , O'neal Brian 
Published: June 2010

This is the second of a six-part series on diversion of controlled substances in an acute health care setting. Controlled substance diversion is a constant threat that affects not only the safety of patients but the potential life and livelihood of the health care worker. These articles are meant to accompany the recommendations in the Hospital Pharmacy article “Controlled Substance Diversion Detection: Go the Extra Mile” for a comprehensive analysis of all aspects of controlled substance handling. The series focuses on preventing diversion from automated dispensing cabinets, the operating room, and at all handling points within a pharmacy. The objective of the series is to provide practical recommendations to aid pharmacy managers as they seek to prevent or detect diversion. Experience is key to diversion detection; however, a pharmacy should not have to experience their own diversion in order to learn from it. The collective experience of pharmacy leaders at the Ohio State University Medical Center and the University of Kansas Hospital are gathered to assist other pharmacy leaders in the hopes that they do not have to gain this experience firsthand.
Improving Medication Safety in the ICU: The Pharmacist's Role
Authors: Lee Audrey J. , Chiao Teresa B. , Lam Jerika T. , Khan Shamima , Boro Maureen S. 
Published: June 2010

Purpose The clinical impact of a critical care pharmacist in reducing medication errors in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting was evaluated. Methods The study was divided into two 8-week phases: control phase without a critical care pharmacist and an ICU pharmacist phase with a critical care pharmacist. During both phases, pharmacy staff documented interventions using an electronic documentation system. Interventions that could be classified as medication errors were categorized by type of error and whether they were “averted” (intervention accepted) or “not averted” (intervention not accepted). The type and frequency of medication errors, number of medication errors “averted,” and clinical outcomes associated with the medication errors were compared between the control and ICU pharmacist phases. Results There was no significant difference between the groups for gender and mean age. Of the 267 interventions included in the ICU pharmacist phase, 256 were classified as medication errors compared with 54 of 58 interventions for the control phase. The average number of medication errors per day was significantly higher during the ICU pharmacist phase (4.27 ± 5.2) compared with the control phase (0.92 ± 1.29, P < 0.0001). The number of medication errors “averted” was higher in the ICU pharmacist phase compared with the control phase (212 vs 50). The “averted” medication errors during the ICU pharmacist phase were related to a higher percentage of improved or resolved clinical outcomes compared with the control phase (66/194 [34%] vs 7/46 [15.2%], P = 0.013). Conclusion A critical care pharmacist improves medication safety by identifying and preventing medication errors and improving outcomes.