bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time Trends and Local Variation in Primary Treatment of Localized Prostate Cancer
Authors: Cooperberg Matthew R. , Broering Jeanette M. , Carroll Peter R. 
Published: February 2010

Purpose In the absence of high-level evidence or clinical guidelines supporting any given active treatment approach over another for localized prostate cancer, clinician and patient preferences may lead to substantial variation in treatment use. Methods Data were analyzed from 36 clinical sites that contributed data to the Cancer of the Prostate Strategic Urologic Research Endeavor (CaPSURE) registry. Distribution of primary treatment use was measured over time. Prostate cancer risk was assessed using the D'Amico risk groups and the Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment (CAPRA) score. Descriptive analyses were performed, and a hierarchical model was constructed that controlled for year of diagnosis, cancer risk variables, and other patient factors to estimate the proportion of variation in primary treatment selection explicable by practice site. Results Among 11,892 men analyzed, 6.8% elected surveillance, 49.9% prostatectomy, 11.6% external-beam radiation, 13.3% brachytherapy, 4.0% cryoablation, and 14.4% androgen deprivation monotherapy. Prostate cancer risk drives treatment selection, but the data suggest both overtreatment of low-risk disease and undertreatment of high-risk disease. The former trend appears to be improving over time, while the latter is worsening. Treatment varies with age, comorbidity, and socioeconomic status. However, treatment patterns vary markedly across clinical sites, and this variation is not explained by case-mix variability or known patient factors. Practice site explains a proportion of this variation ranging from 13% for androgen deprivation monotherapy to 74% for cryoablation. Conclusion Substantial variation exists in management of localized prostate cancer that is not explained by measurable factors. A critical need exists for high-quality comparative effectiveness research in localized prostate cancer to help guide treatment decision making.
Evaluation of Continuation of Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis at Hospital Discharge
Authors: Judd William R. , Davis George A. , Winstead P. Shane , Steinke Douglas T. , Clifford Timothy M. , Macaulay Tracy E. 
Published: February 2010

Purpose Stress-related mucosal disease (SRMD) can adversely affect patient morbidity and mortality. The use of stress ulcer prophylaxis (SUP) in patients with no risk factors for clinically important bleeding, however, is contributing to health care-related adverse events, drug interactions, and costs. The objective was to determine the percentage of hospitalized patients who receive SUP without an approved indication and to evaluate the financial impact of inappropriate prescribing as well as the risk for significant drug-drug interactions. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed of hospitalized adult cardiology, family medicine, and internal medicine patients between July 1, 2006 and June 30, 2007. Prescribing of acid suppressive therapy (AST) during hospital admission and indications for SUP were evaluated. Concomitant medications, cost of therapy, and discharge medications were assessed as secondary outcomes. Results Of the 4,603 patients admitted during the study period, 418 were randomly selected for study inclusion. Approximately 53% (221/418) of the selected patients received SUP during hospital admission, 93% (206/221) of whom had no indication for prophylaxis. Of those who continued AST at discharge (14%; 31/221), 84% (26/31) had no approved indication. Overuse of SUP resulted in 77 potential drug-drug interactions and an estimated 30-day outpatient cost of $37,950 for patients receiving these medications at discharge. Conclusion SUP is frequently prescribed to non–critically ill patients when the risk of SRMD is low. Use of SUP for patients who do not meet evidence-based criteria appears to contribute to increased health care expenditures, potential adverse events, and drug interactions.
Golimumab
Authors: Cada Dennis J. , Levien Terri L. , Baker Danial E. 
Published: February 2010

Each month, subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service receive 5 to 6 well-documented monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late phase 3 trials. The monographs are targeted to Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committees. Subscribers also receive monthly 1-page summary monographs on agents that are useful for agendas and pharmacy/nursing inservices. A comprehensive target drug utilization evaluation (DUE) is also provided each month. With a subscription, the monographs are sent in print and are also available online. Monographs can be customized to meet the needs of a facility. Subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service also receive access to a pharmacy bulletin board, The Formulary Information Exchange (The F.I.X.). All topics pertinent to clinical and hospital pharmacy are discussed on The F.I.X. Through the cooperation of The Formulary, Hospital Pharmacy publishes selected reviews in this column. For more information about The Formulary Monograph Service or The F.I.X., call The Formulary at 800-322-4349. The October 2009 monograph topics are fentanyl buccal soluble film, laromustine, paliperidone injection, saxagliptin, and trepostinil inhalation. The DUE is on fentanyl soluble film.
Rotation Students' Perceptions of Clinical Workload Documentation Using a Personal Digital Assistant
Authors: Nystrom Kelly K. , Foral Pamela A. , Davis Estella M. , Christensen Carla M. , Destache Christopher J. 
Published: February 2010

Purpose The main objective of this study was to evaluate whether emphasizing the importance of clinical workload documentation (CWD) throughout the clinical rotation experience would positively impact student views of documentation. Methods A prospective pre- and postsurvey study design was utilized to evaluate 4th-year pharmacy students' views of CWD using personal digital assistants while on clinical rotation at an institution during the 2003 to 2004 (Group A) and 2004 to 2005 (Group B) academic years. Results Student perceptions on the value of CWD improved significantly for both Group A ( P = 0.003) and Group B ( P = 0.033). Students in both groups also reported they had experience or significant experience with CWD after the rotation experience ( P = 0.001). Conclusions Students' perception of the value and importance of CWD improved significantly throughout the rotation period with emphasis from the faculty.
Use of Lean Production to Reduce Waste When Compounding Sterile Pharmaceutical Products
Authors: Davis Jennifer 
Published: February 2010

Purpose The effects of a 5-batch-per-day schedule for sterile product compounding in an inpatient hospital pharmacy were studied. Summary Using lean production concepts, an interdisciplinary team implemented a system to standardize delivery locations and improve just-in-time delivery for sterile medication products in an inpatient hospital setting. The primary focus of the team was transforming the current sterile medication preparation process from a 2– to a 5–batch-per-day system. Conclusion Increasing the frequency of sterile product batches from 2 to 5 batches per day reduced rework and waste by 64%. A true just-in-time process for sterile medication compounding has the potential to be safer and more efficient than traditional batch systems. Additional work is needed to determine if a true just-in-time sterile medication compounding process is feasible in an inpatient hospital setting.
New records of crustose seaweeds associated with subtidal maërl beds and gravel bottoms in Galicia (NW Spain)
Authors: Peña Viviana , Bárbara Ignacio 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
We studied crustose seaweeds associated with subtidal maërl beds and gravel bottoms in the Galician rías (NW Iberian Peninsula). Each species is described as well as its habitat and occurrence in maërl beds and gravel bottoms. We confirmed the great crustose species richness associated with European Atlantic maërl beds. We report a new species for the Atlantic Ocean (Contarinia peyssonneliaeformis) and six new records for the Iberian Peninsula (Atractophora hypnoides stage “Rhododiscus pulcherrimus”, Peyssonnelia immersa, Scytosiphon lomentaria stage “Microspongium gelatinosum”, Petroderma maculiforme, Pseudolithoderma roscoffense and Phycocelis foecunda). Peyssonnelia armorica is a new record for the Atlantic Iberian Peninsula and Peyssonnelia harveyana is a new record for the Galician coast. We provide for the first time observations on spermatangial structures in Cruoria cruoriaeformis occurring on the Atlantic Iberian Peninsula. The Galician crustose algal flora of subtidal maërl beds and gravel bottoms is increased up to 23 species (15 Rhodophyta and 8 Ochrophyta). Peyssonnelia rubra is excluded from the Galician flora.
Palisada flagellifera(Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) from the Canary Islands, Spain: a new record for the eastern Atlantic Ocean based on morphological and molecular evidence
Authors: Gil-Rodríguez M. Candelaria , Cassano Valéria , Aylagas Eva , Sentíes Abel , Díaz-Larrea Jhoana , Oliveira Mariana C. , Fujii Mutue T. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPalisada flagellifera(Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) is recorded for the first time in the eastern Atlantic Ocean off Tenerife, La Gomera, La Palma and Fuerteventura, Canary Islands, Spain. The specimens were collected in 2006–2009 growing from the lower intertidal to subtidal zones to 2 m depth at sites exposed to wave action. The species possesses a palisade-like arrangement of cortical cells in cross section, lacks secondary pit connections between them, and has tetrasporangia produced by three fertile pericentral cells (the third and the fourth additional and the second that becomes fertile), and a right-angled arrangement of tetrasporangia. Gametangia were not observed. The phylogenetic relationships were inferred by analyses of the chloroplast-encodedrbcL gene sequences from 46 taxa. The Canarian and BrazilianP. flagelliferaspecimens formed a highly supported clade with a low level of genetic variation in therbcL sequences (0.02–0.04%), confirming that they are the same taxonomic entity. This study expands the geographical distribution ofP.flagelliferato the eastern Atlantic Ocean.
Multiple Functional Domains of the Yeast l,3-β-Glucan Synthase Subunit Fks1p Revealed by Quantitative Phenotypic Analysis of Temperature-Sensitive Mutants
Authors: Okada Hiroki , Abe Mitsuhiro , Asakawa-Minemura Masayo , Hirata Aiko , Qadota Hiroshi , Morishita Kana , Ohnuki Shinsuke , Nogami Satoru , Ohya Yoshikazu 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
The main filamentous structural component of the cell wall of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is 1,3-β-glucan, which is synthesized by a plasma membrane-localized enzyme called 1,3-β-glucan synthase (GS). Here we analyzed the quantitative cell morphology and biochemical properties of 10 different temperature-sensitive mutants of FKS1, a putative catalytic subunit of GS. To untangle their pleiotropic phenotypes, the mutants were classified into three functional groups. In the first group, mutants fail to synthesize 1,3-β-glucan at the proper subcellular location, although GS activity is normal in vitro. In the second group, mutants have normal 1,3-β-glucan content but are defective in polarized growth and endocytosis. In the third group, mutations in the putative catalytic domain of Fks1p result in a loss of the catalytic activity of GS. The differences among the three groups suggest that Fks1p consists of multiple domains that are required for cell wall construction and cellular morphogenesis.
Drosophila Rab23 Is Involved in the Regulation of the Number and Planar Polarization of the Adult Cuticular Hairs
Authors: Pataki Csilla , Matusek Tamás , Kurucz Éva , Andó István , Jenny Andreas , Mihály József 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
The planar coordination of cellular polarization is an important, yet not well-understood aspect of animal development. In a screen for genes regulating planar cell polarization in Drosophila, we identified Rab23, encoding a putative vesicular trafficking protein. Mutations in the Drosophila Rab23 ortholog result in abnormal trichome orientation and the formation of multiple hairs on the wing, leg, and abdomen. We show that Rab23 is required for hexagonal packing of the wing cells. We found that Rab23 is able to associate with the proximally accumulated Prickle protein, although Rab23 itself does not seem to display a polarized subcellular distribution in wing cells, and it appears to play a relatively subtle role in cortical polarization of the polarity proteins. The absence of Rab23 leads to increased actin accumulation in the subapical region of the pupal wing cells that fail to restrict prehair initiation to a single site. Rab23 acts as a dominant enhancer of the weak multiple hair phenotype exhibited by the core polarity mutations, whereas the Rab23 homozygous mutant phenotype is sensitive to the gene dose of the planar polarity effector genes. Together, our data suggest that Rab23 contributes to the mechanism that inhibits hair formation at positions outside of the distal vertex by activating the planar polarity effector system.
Systematic Review of Interventions for Low Bone Mineral Density in Children With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Hough Janet P. , Boyd Roslyn N. , Keating Jennifer L. 
Published: February 2010

AIM:
To systematically review the efficacy of interventions to improve low bone mineral density (LBMD) in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP).

METHODS:
We performed a systematic search for published randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs) of children with CP (aged 0–20 years, all Gross Motor Function Classification System [GMFCS] levels) who received various medical and physical interventions for LBMD compared with no intervention or standard care. Study validity was evaluated by using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) were calculated when data were sufficient.

RESULTS:
Eight of 2034 articles met the inclusion criteria (6 RCTs, 2 CCTs). There were 3 trials of bisphosphonates, one of which (Henderson RC, Lark RK, Kecskemethy HH, Miller F, Harcke HT, Bachrach SJ. J Pediatr. 2002;141[5]:644–651) revealed a large and significant effect on BMD in 1 of 3 sites in the distal femur (SMD: 1.88 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.52–3.24]). There were 3 trials of weight-bearing through varying approaches, one of which (Caulton JM, Ward KA, Alsop CW, Dunn G, Adams JE, Mughal MZ. Arch Dis Child. 2004;89[2]:131–135) showed a large and significant effect on the lumbar spine when increasing static standing time (SMD: 1.03 [95% CI: 0.21–1.85]). The administration of vitamin D and calcium produced a large, nonsignificant effect on BMD in the lumbar spine (Jekovec-Vrhovsek M, Kocijancic A, Prezelj J. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2000;42[6]:403–405) (SMD: 0.88 [95% CI: −0.07 to 1.84). Growth hormone combined with vitamin D and/or calcium resulted in effects comparable with vitamin D and/or calcium on BMD in the lumbar spine (Ali O, Shim M, Fowler E, et al. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;92[3]:932–937) (SMD 0 [95% CI: −1.24 to 1.24]).

CONCLUSIONS:
Important effects on LBMD have been observed in small and diverse cohorts of children with CP. It is unclear whether small sample sizes or variable treatment responses account for nonsignificant findings. Additional large RCTs are needed of both physical and medical approaches.
Using the Postpartum Hospital Stay to Address Mothers' and Fathers' Smoking: The NEWS Study
Authors: Winickoff Jonathan P. , Healey Erica A. , Regan Susan , Park Elyse R. , Cole Clare , Friebely Joan , Rigotti Nancy A. 
Published: February 2010

OBJECTIVE:
The objective of this study was to test the feasibility and acceptability of introducing an intervention to address mothers' and fathers' smoking during the postpartum hospitalization.

METHODS:
During a 14-month period (February 2005 to April 2006), we assessed the smoking status of both parents of all newborns who were delivered at a hospital child birth center. Parents who were current smokers (1 cigarette, even a puff, in past 30 days) or recent quitters (smoked since 1 month before conception) were eligible for the study. Parents were assigned to intervention or usual care control condition on the basis of day of study enrollment. Smoking outcomes were assessed at 3 months by telephone survey and cotinine confirmation; quitline use was assessed at 3 months by using quitline database.

RESULTS:
A total of 101 (64%) of 159 eligible parents enrolled in the study (n = 53 control subject, n = 48 intervention), including 72 (71%) current smokers and 29 (29%) recent quitters. All parents in the intervention group received the in-hospital counseling session, 94% had a fax sent to a provider, and 36 (75%) accepted quitline enrollment. In an intention-to-treat analysis that included both current smokers and recent quitters, self-reported 7-day abstinence decreased from 31% to 25% among intervention parents versus 38% to 23% among control subjects (effect size 9.4%; nonsignificant). Among current smokers at baseline who were reached at follow-up (n = 36), self-reported 24-hour quit attempts were higher in the intervention group versus control group (64% vs 18%; P = .005), whereas the cotinine-confirmed 7-day abstinence rates at follow-up were 9% in the intervention group and 3% in the control group (nonsignificant).

CONCLUSIONS:
Enrolling mothers and fathers into tobacco treatment services during the immediate postpartum hospital stay is feasible and seems to stimulate quit attempts. The birth of an infant presents a teachable moment to reach both parents and to provide cessation assistance.
NICU Practices and Outcomes Associated With 9 Years of Quality Improvement Collaboratives
Authors: Payne Nathaniel R. , Finkelstein Marsha J. , Liu Meixia , Kaempf Joseph W. , Sharek Paul J. , Olsen Sam 
Published: February 2010

OBJECTIVE:Quality improvement collaboratives (QICs) can improve short-term outcomes, but few have examined their long-term results. This study evaluated the changes in treatment practices and outcomes associated with participation in multiple sequential QICs.DESIGN AND METHODS:This retrospective, 9-year, pre-post study of very low birth weight infants, we assessed treatment and outcomes from the 8 NICUs of the Reduce Lung Injury (ReLI) group of a QIC sponsored by the Vermont Oxford Network (VON). We analyzed data from 1998 (pre-ReLI), 2001 (last ReLI year), and 2006 (5 years after ReLI) by using univariate and multiple regression.RESULTS:A total of 4065 very low birth weight infants were treated in ReLI NICUs in 1998, 2001, and 2006. From 1998 to 2006, the ReLI group decreased delivery room intubation (70% vs 52%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.2 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.2–0.3]; P &lt; .001), conventional ventilation (75% vs 62%; aOR: 0.3 [95% CI: 0.2–0.4]; P &lt; .001), and postnatal steroids for BPD (35% vs 10%; aOR: 0.09 [95% CI: 0.07–0.1]; P &lt; .001). They increased the use of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (57% vs 78%; aOR: 3.3 [95% CI: 2.7–3.9]; P &lt; .001). BPD-free survival remained unchanged (68% vs 66%; aOR: 0.9 [95% CI: 0.7–1.1]; P = .16), the BPD rate increased (25% vs 29%; aOR: 1.3 [95% CI: 1.1–1.6]; P = .017), survival to discharge increased (90% vs 93%; aOR: 1.5 [95% CI: 1.1–2.2]; P &lt; .001), and nosocomial infections decreased (18% vs 15%; aOR: 0.8 [95% CI: 0.6–0.99]; P = .045).CONCLUSIONS:Participation in VON–sponsored QICs was associated with sustained implementation of potentially better respiratory practices, increased survival, and reduced nosocomial infections. The BPD-free survival rate did not change, and the BPD rate increased. Implemented changes endured for at least 5 years after the QIC.
Correlates of Reinjury Risk in Sibling Groups: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Johnston Brian D. , Martin-Herz Susanne P. 
Published: February 2010

OBJECTIVES:
The objective of this study was to identify child, parent, and family characteristics that are associated with short-term recurrence of injury within sibling groups.

METHODS:
A prospective cohort study was conducted of 92 children who were aged 0 to 15 years and treated for injury at a regional pediatric trauma center and their 166 siblings. The outcome of interest was a second or subsequent injury in the sibling group, occurring within 3 months of the index injury event. Explanatory variables included injury variables, child factors (age, gender, previous injury experience, behavior problems, and traumatic stress symptoms), parental factors (age, education, social support, depressive symptoms, and traumatic stress symptoms), and family factors (socioeconomic status, family function, family structure, and life events). Poisson regression was used in multivariable models with statistical adjustment for clustering within sibling groups.

RESULTS:
More than 19% of families had at least 1 child injured or reinjured during 3 months of follow-up. The rate of reinjury to index children (8.7%) was similar to that in siblings (7.2%). Controlling for age, gender, and race, the risk for reinjury during follow-up was increased with single-parent family structure (relative risk [RR]: 3.39 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.69–6.80]), receipt of public assistance (RR: 3.65 [95% CI: 1.61–8.28]), and clinically significant posttraumatic stress disorder arousal symptoms in the child (RR: 3.76 [95% CI: 1.51–9.33]).

CONCLUSIONS:
Along with their siblings, children who receive treatment for injury are at short-term risk for additional injury. Children in single-parent households, in families who receive public assistance, and those with posttraumatic stress disorder arousal symptoms 1 month after injury to themselves or a sibling are at highest risk. These associations could be used to develop interventions to identify and support families through periods of high injury risk.