bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FC04.3 Allergy to phthalic anhydride/trimellitic anhydride/glycols copolymer in nail varnishes
Authors: Le Coz Christophe J , Nassif A , Collet E 
Published: August 2010

Introduction:  Nail varnishes are well‐known sensitizers, and the most frequent allergen is nowadays tosylamide/formaldehyde resin (TFR). We present 3 cases of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) due an unusual ingredient.Case reports:  The 1st patient presented with atopic dermatitis that progressively worsened, involving face and neck for several months. The 2nd patient had history of occupational allergy to glutaraldehyde, and presented with head and neck dermatitis. The 3rd patient had severe onycholysis and dermatitis of perionychium, face, neck and décolleté. European standard series was negative in all patients, as was TFR, (meth‐) acrylates and cosmetic series when tested. Patch tests with patient’s own varnish(es) were ++, and breakdown identified phthalic anhydride/trimellitic anhydride/glycols copolymer (PTG) as the allergen (tested 1 to 5% pet.).Discussion:  PTG results of condensation of phthalic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, ethylene glycol, and neopentyl glycol monomers. It belongs to the copolymer class, and is used in confection of nail polish and enamels, like TFR or phthalic anhydride/glycerine/glycidyl decanoate copolymer. Our patients had long lasting dermatitis, common in ACD to nail varnishes. Sensitivity was proved by patch testing with patient’s own cosmetics. Allergic contact dermatitis to PTG seems to be rare, but has to be considered particularly in patients with negative standard patch tests. An alternative is the use of tosylamide/formaldehyde‐based nail polish.
FC04.4 Impact of exposure duration on the induction of contact allergy
Authors: Basketter David A , Gilmour N , Tonucci D 
Published: August 2010

It has been demonstrated for a wide range of contact allergens that the degree to which sensitisation is induced is highly dependent on the dose per unit area of material applied to the skin. For a given skin area, the concentration of the contact allergen applied may be conveniently expressed as a percentage. However, although a number of other variables affecting induction have been examined, little attention has been paid to the impact of the duration of skin contact. For example, in the human repeated insult patch test the 9 inductions exposures may be applied for either 24h or for a combination of 48h and 72h, the latter ensuring continuous exposure during the 3 week induction period.Under these latter conditions, it is known that the contact allergen p‐phenylenediamine (PPD) sensitises quite efficiently; historical data with 1% PPD in petrolatum resulted in a sensitisation rate of 47/88 (54%). Applying the same dose per unit area, we examined the impact of reducing the exposure time to 9 × 5 minutes spaced over the same 3 week period. Under these conditions, PPD sensitised only 2/102 (2%) of subjects. The data suggest that one route to the limitation of the extent of contact allergy would be to limit the duration of skin exposure.
FC04.6 Characterisation of dendritic cell responses to ascaridol, an autoxidation product of tea tree oil
Authors: Holschbach Martin , Breuer S , Wilbers L , Merk HF , Neugebauer M , Hollender J , Blömeke B 
Published: August 2010

A large number of monoterpenes and their degradation products are likely skin sensitizing agents (Hausen et al., 1999). Terpenes are very common e.g., as constituents of cosmetics, food and other daily used products.We investigated responses to the endoperoxide 1,4‐epidioxy‐2‐p‐menthen (ascaridol), an autoxidation product of tea tree oil, using monocyte derived dendritic cells (MDDC). Therefore, we isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 9 healthy donors by the standard Ficoll‐Paque gradient centrifugation.Monocytes were isolated by adherence and incubated in media (RPMI 1640) containing GM‐CSF (800 units/ml), IL‐4 (1000 units/ml) and 10% autologous serum. The immature MDDC (day 6) were characterized by flow cytometry (CD1a+, CD14−, CD40, CD45, CD80, CD83, CD86, HLA‐DR and CCR‐7) and incubated with various concentrations of ascaridol (1–70 μg/ml). After one hour incubation time LPS was added (1 μg/ml) for 23 h. Cell culture supernatants were collected after 24 h for cytokine analysis.IL‐12p40, IL‐12p70 and prostaglandin E2 were measured by ELISA, TNF‐alpha and IL‐2 were measured by flow cytometry (FACS). Methods of the quantification of steady state mRNA levels were established for IL‐12 and CCR7 (real‐time RT‐PCR). Ascaridol enhanced significantly IL‐12p70 production (120% up to 396%) by MDDC as well as mRNA levels for IL‐12 and CCR7. Moreover, we detected a distinct increase of TNF‐alpha (110% up to 146%) secretion, IL‐2 (135%) and PGE2 (102% up to 155%).Totally, these results suggest that ascaridol may be a potent modulator of maturation and antigen presenting function of dendritic cells, and we performing further experiments to verify this hypothesis.This study was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.
FS13.7 CXCL8: a potential novel marker in predicting contact sensitisers
Authors: Gibbs Susan , Toebak MJ , Pohlmann PR , Blomberg BME , Scheper RJ , Rustemeyer T , Bruynzeel DP 
Published: August 2010

Cultured monocyte‐derived dendritic cells (moDC) have been shown to provide a promising alternative for identifying potential sensitisers in vitro. Allergen induced moDC maturation results in elevated expression of the cell surface markers CD83 and CD86. Unfortunately, this increase in CD83 and CD86 expression is not sensitive enough to identify moderate and weak contact sensitisers. In this study, we investigated whether chemokine production by moDC is increased upon maturation and, ultimately, whether chemokine production can be used as a sensitive method to discriminate allergens from irritants.Methods:  MoDC were exposed for 48 hours to allergens (NiSO4, CoCl2, PdCl2, CuSO4, CrCl3, K2Cr2O7, PPDA and DNCB) and irritants (SDS, DMSO, BCl2 and propan‐1‐ol). CD83 and CD86 expression was analysed by flow cytometric determination and chemokine production (CXCL8, CCL5, CCL17 and CCL20) was determined by ELISA.Results:  Exposure to strong allergens caused up‐regulation of CD83 and CD86 expression whereas exposure to irritants did not. Remarkably, increased CXCL8 production by moDC was detected after allergen exposure whereas a decrease in CXCL8 production was observed after irritant exposure. CCL20 production was induced only by NiSO4. CCL5 and CCL17 production was increased upon exposure to both allergens and irritants.Conclusion:  CXCL8 production by moDC can be used to distinguish allergens from irritants. This chemokine is a potentially novel marker for determining the sensitising capacity of a chemical in vitro. Furthermore, our results suggest an important role for CXCL8 in the sensitization phase of ACD.
P21 Is medical motivation a good motor to collect side effects of cosmetics? Results of REVIDAL GERDA from the 1st January of 2000 to the 31st December of 2002
Authors: Vigan Martine 
Published: August 2010

Background:  Why are there few declarations of side effects to public vigilance? Are there really few cases? Is there a lack of motivation?Motivation of revidal gerda is a medical motivation. Acceleration of knowledge by each about side effects. Amelioration of the tracking of side effects. Amelioration of management of patientsAim:  to answer the question: is the medical motivation a good motor to collect the side effects of cosmetics?Patients and methods:  REVIDAL GERDA1/collects the declaration od S.E. of cosmetics which are sent by dermato‐allergologists who are astonished by these S.E2/shows reception for each declaration3/wake up the vigilance of all in the event of concordant declarations3/inform each one of all the declarations 2 times per annumThe majority of the declared S.E. is allergic1/evocative clinical history2/and positive reaction with a mufactured product3/or positive reaction with an allergen of the allergotheque and presence of this allergen in the list “ingredients” of manufactured product (s)here is the analysis of declarations which was made from the 1st january of 2000 to the 31th december of 2002Results:  42 dermato‐allergologists had declared 304 declarations for 398 products; 188 used for the face58 used for the body, 38 used for hair, 31 used for legs, 30 parfums, 15 sunscreens, etc.The declared pathology was: 12 immediate type, 281 delayed type, 10 otherFor 6 products, the name alone did not make it possible to identify its use. 2 collective publications were made (many declarations about a new problem)Conclusion:  There were many declarations. The number of product is much larger than what was published before:The under declaration is certain to the public vigilanceThe medical motivation is a good motor to obtain declarationsThese declarations can be useful to help patients, to publish new problems and to program prospective studies
P27 “Two feet‐one hand syndrome” masquerading as occupational hand eczema
Authors: Meljanac Nada , Dickel H , Schwanitz HJ 
Published: August 2010

Background:  Occupational hand eczema is mainly characterised by bilateral manifestation whereas one‐sided hand involvement is unusual.Subject:  We report on a 38‐year old dental technician who presented with interdigital skin alterations of the left hand resistant to previous eczematous treatment. Main professional task was the production and processing of plaster or plastic dental models. While handling with dental models like smoothing by the left hand, usually this one was splashed with plaster. On clinical examination the patient showed additionally scaly lesions on the soles.Results:  No sensitisation could be ascertained performing patch and prick tests. By normal IgE‐level, no specific antibodies against aeroallergens or occupational allergens such as isocyanates, formaldehyde or latex could be found. Mycological cultures of scaly lesions of the left hand and soles revealed an infection with Trichophyton rubrum. In accordance with the subjective perception, the starch‐iodine test showed the left hand more sweating. We diagnosed a “two feet‐one hand syndrome” and achieved healing after local antimycotical treatment.Conclusions:  In case of one‐sided, suspicious work‐related skin alterations of the hands, a “two feet‐one hand syndrome”(i.e. bilateral plantar tinea in coexistence with a unilateral tinea manuum) should be considered as differential diagnosis. A common explanation for the fungal infection of one hand is the scratching of the already infected soles. However, within occupational fields little is published about the “two feet‐one hand syndrome.” An asymmetric increased palmar sweating and a one‐sided chronic professional burden of the hands are discussed as predisposing factors for the unilateral fungal infection.
P28 Interleukin‐8 from keratinocytes can be used to test for contact allergy
Authors: Bjarnason Bolli , Xu H , Elmets CA 
Published: August 2010

Objective:  To investigate whether secretion of interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) proteins by keratinocytes following in vitro exposure to a contact allergen can be used to detect contact allergy.Methods:  Suction blisters were made on skin of allergic and anergic subjects to urushiol, the contact allergen of poison ivy. Keratinocyte cultures were prepared and exposed to the allergen in vitro. Controls were the allergen solvent. Variable allergen concentrations, allergen exposure times and cell culture times were used. At the end of each culture time, IL‐8 RNA and protein of the culture supernatants were analyzed by PCR and ELISA.Results:  The concentration of IL‐8 in the supernatants proved to be a successful way to distinguish between subjects who patch tested positive with a non‐toxic concentration of urushiol and subjects who tested negative. In the allergic subjects, a correlation was established between the dose of the allergen and the IL‐8 protein concentration in the supernatants.Conclusions:  In vitro testing of contact allergies in patients makes possible an objective assessment of their allergic status without causing a booster effect or risking active sensitizations. The results indicate that the method may be used as an alternative method to animal models for testing consumer products before their marketing, thus avoiding ethical problems and problems related to interpretation of tests because of biological differences between animals and humans.
P59 Patch test results to plant extracts and chemicals
Authors: Alanko Kristiina , Jolanki R 
Published: August 2010

Objective and methods:  We review patch test results from two special patch test series for plant allergens, ‘plant extracts’ and ‘allergenic plant chemicals’, provided by Prof. Hausen (Germany) and tested in 1992–2003. The standard series contained Sesquiterpene‐lactone mix (SL mix) since 1993 (3/1998–10/1999 excluded) and Compositae mix since 3/1998. We present the cases where either SL mix or Compositae mix gave an allergic reaction and where, in addition, the series of plant extracts was tested.Results:  SL mix and Compositae mix were tested to 900 patients. Among them, plant extracts were tested in 122 and plant chemicals in 104 cases. 30 patients had an allergic reaction to Compositae mix and 17 to SL mix as well. In the plant extract series, there were more than 5 allergic reactions to feverfew(21), true chamomile(21), arnica(18), chrysanthemum(18), laurel bay leaf(13), tansy(12), gaillardia(9), yarrow(8) and pot marigold(7). In the plant chemical series, there were 9 allergic reactions to parthenolide and single reactions to primin, chlorophorin and Mansonone A.Conclusions:  Compositae mix gave a positive test reaction always together with SL mix, which gave a positive reaction in only part of these cases. The concentration of Compositae mix was lowered from 6% to 3% in 1/1999 because of cases of active sensitisation. The lower concentration seems to be reliable for detecting allergy, although it still causes active sensitisation.
P62 Methacrylates in dental restorative materials
Authors: Henriks‐Eckerman Maj‐Len , Suuronen KM , Jolanki R , Alanko K 
Published: August 2010

Commercial dental restorative materials were analysed in order to get information about the occurrence and amounts of sensitizing acrylates and methacrylates. The analytical results were compared to information given in the safety data sheets.Acetone soluble methacrylates of seven bonding materials, eight composite resins and two glass ionomers were identified by gas chromatography with mass selective detection and quantified by liquid chromatography with UV detection.The most frequently occurring methacrylates in the bonding materials were 2‐hydroxyethylmetharylate (2‐HEMA) in the concentration range 0.3–28% and 2,2‐bis(4‐(2‐hydroxy‐3‐methacryloxypropoxy)phenyl)‐propane (bisGMA) in the concentration range 21–40%. BisGMA and triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) were the most frequently occurring methacrylates in composite resins. Their concentration ranges were 5.8–21% and 3.2–6.7% respectively. The main methacrylate of the two glass ionomers was 2‐HEMA (23%) or trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TMPTMA, 9%).Information about methacrylates was given in the safety data sheets for about half of the products that according to the analysis results contained methacrylates. Safety data sheets need to be improved so that the health risks for dental personnel can be reliably asessed and controlled.
P70 Photoallergical contact dermatitis from diclophenac: cross reaction to aceclophenac
Authors: Buján Jaime Goday , Galindo E Cuerda , Gómez W Martínez , Lozano J Rodríguez , Jorge B Fernández , Fonseca E 
Published: August 2010

Introduction:  Cutaneous adverse reactions from topical or systemic administration of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAID) are frequently described. New cases of adverse reactions from NSAIDs are reported, but the most frequently involved are drugs as ketoprofen or piroxicam. We report a case of photoallergical contact dermatitis from diclophenac with possible cross reaction to aceclophenac.Material and methods:  A 63‐year‐old‐man, allergic to penicillin, developed eczematous lesions on hands and face, after applying a medicament containing diclophenac. Patch test and photopatch test (5 J/cm2) were performed with a photoallergen battery (Chemotechnique diagnosticsÒ), a NSAIDs battery (Aristegui lab.Ò) and aceclophenac 1%, 5% and 10% in pet. Readings were done at 48 and 96 hours in epicutaneous test and at 24 and 72 hours in photoallergic study, following the ICDRG criteria.Results:  The results of photoallergic study were as follows: diclophenac 1%, 5% and 10% in pet. and aceclophenac 10% in pet. positive at 24 and 72 hours. The remaining compounds of the NSAIDs battery were negative.Conclusions:  Diclophenac is a NAIDs derived from aryl alcanoic acid group used both topically and systemically in Spain. Some adverse reactions have been reported as exanthema, urticaria, eczema or Steven‐Johnson’s syndrome. We have found only two cases reported as photosensitization from diclophenac. In one of them, the clinical lesion was described as a granuloma annular‐like and photoallergic study was negative. We report a photocontact dermatitis from diclophenac with positive photopatch test. Photopatch test positive to aceclophenac may be explained as a cross reaction among group.
On the Development of the Chondrocranium and Visceral Arches of Leiopelma archeyi.
Authors: Stephenson N. G. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryA description, based on a microscopic study of one species, Leiopelma archeyi Turbott, attempts to provide the first detailed account of development in the New Zealand frog, Leiopelma. Previously only the general features of the intracapsular and post‐hatching development of this frog were known. As far as possible, close comparison has been made with the developmental features of the North American genus, Ascaphus, the only other member of the same primitive Anuran family.The development of the chondrocranium and visceral arches of Leiopelma archeyi is followed through intracapsular and post‐hatching stages. In the comparative section certain outstanding features of development are considered. An account of previous views on the nature of the basal connection of the quadrate to the neurocranium in Leiopelma and Ascaphus is given. Finally, a theory relative to the basal connection of the quadrate and the nature of the jaw suspension in Amphibia is suggested, and the absence of certain middle‐ear structures in all Urodela and in both these primitive Anurans is discussed.
Reproduction in some Pinnipedia.
Authors: Harrison R. J. , Matthews L. Harrison , Roberts J. M. 
Published: August 2010

Summary.

The reproductive organs have been described in a series of seals, including foetal, neonatal and adult specimens. The collection includes seals from the Antarctic, European waters and from the North Pacific. The species are:—Leptonychotes weddelli, Lobodon carcinophagus, Hydrurga leptonyx, Phoca vitulina, Halichoerus grypus, Otaria byronia. Zalophus californianus, Eumetopias stelleri, and Callorhinus ursinus.
The gross and histological appearances of the testis are described. There is evidence of a breeding season and cyclic testicular activity in the Wed dell and Crabeater Seals. Some measurements of the os penis are given.
A description is given on the gross anatomy of the urinogenitai tract in the female. The ovarian bursa is much enlarged during pregnancy. The urinary papilla is large, partly owing to the presence of lymphoid tissue.
Unimplanted blastocysts have been found in the Crabeater Seal at a time that confirms the occurrence of delayed implantation. Other evidence suggests that delayed implantation is universal in most, if not all, seal.
In at least two species, the Grey and Common Seals, there is marked enlargement of the late foetal and neonatal gonads to a size near or surpassing that of the maternal gonads. This enlargement is primarily due to an increase in the volume of interstitial tissue.
Invaginations of the epithelium forming sub‐surface crypts have been observed in all species of pinniped examined. There is evidence of cyclical activity in the number and development of these crypts. Their relationship to oogenesis is discussed.
The changes in the corpus luteum are described during early and late pregnancy. During the period of delay in implantation the majority of the luteal cells are heavily vacuolated.
The changes in the uterus and vagina are correlated with the changes in the ovary, both in the foetal, neonatal and adult. Coiling of the uterine glands and secretory activity is found in the neonatal specimens.
A short note is appended on the foetal membranes.
The sexual skin of the Gelada Baboon (Theropithecus gelada)
Authors: Matthews L. Harrison 
Published: August 2010

SummaryIn the Gelada Baboon there are two areas of bare pigmented sexual skin, one 011 the chest, the other in the perineal region. Cyclic swelling and intensification of the red colour of this sexual skin is accompanied by the associated development of conspicuous, circumambient, cutaneous vesicles.
The phylogeny of the Charadriiformes (Aves): a new estimate using the method of character compatibility analysis
Authors: Strauch Joseph G. 
Published: August 2010

Character state trees were devised for 70 mainly skeletal characters of 227 species of charadriiform birds. Character compatibility analysis (described herein) was used to determine the largest sets of mutually compatible characters in the data set. Largest sets of mutually compatible characters were chosen as the best estimators of the phylogenetic history of the order. Smaller and smaller monophyletic groups (as identified by previous analysis of the next larger monophyletic group) were analysed to find locally largest sets of mutually compatible characters until the cladistic information in the data set was exhausted.The results of these analyses indicate that the Charadriiformes consist of three phyletic lines (here treated as suborders): the Scolopaci, the Charadrii and the Alcae. The Scolopaci consist of the birds usually included in the families Jacanidae, Rostratulidae, Scolopacidae, Phalaropodidae and Thinocoridae. The Charadrii consist of two major phyletic branches: one leading to the Lari and the other to the line discussed below. The second branch of the Charadrii gives rise to five lineages: one which leads to Dromas, a second to Pluvianellus and Chionis, a third to Pluvianus and the Burhinidae, a fourth to the Glareolidae, and a fifth to the plovers, lapwings, oystercatchers, Ibisbill, avocets, and stilts.Evidence which supports these findings, that which contradicts them, and relationships in need of further study are discussed.