bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Earthworm‐Inspired Ultra‐Durable Sliding Triboelectric Nanogenerator with Bionic Self‐Replenishing Lubricating Property for Wind Energy Harvesting and Self‐Powered Intelligent Sports Monitoring
Authors: Liu Mengjiao , Zhang Xin , Xin Yue , Guo Dongxu , Hu Guangkai , Ma Yifei , Yu Bin , Huang Tao , Ji Chengchang , Zhu Meifang , Yu Hao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTriboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), a promising strategy for harvesting distributed low‐quality power sources, face inevitable bottlenecks regarding long‐term abrasion and poor durability. Herein, both issues are addressed by selecting an earthworm‐inspired self‐replenishing bionic film (ERB) as the tribo‐material of sliding‐freestanding TENGs (SF‐TENGs), it consists of an interconnected 3D porous network structure capable of storing and releasing lubricant under cyclic mechanical stimuli. Thanks to the superiority of self‐replenishing property, there is no need for periodic replenishment and accurate content control of lubricant over the interfacial‐lubricating SF‐TENGs based on dense tribo‐layers. Additionally, an SF‐TENG based on ERB film (ERB‐TENG) demonstrates remarkable output stability with only a slight attenuation of 1% after continuous operation for 100 000 cycles. Moreover, the ERB‐TENG displays a distinguished anti‐wear property, exhibiting no distinct abrasion with an ultra‐low coefficient of friction (0.077) and maintaining output stability over a prolonged period of 35 days. Furthermore, integration with an energy management circuit enables the ERB‐TENG to achieve a 39‐fold boost in charging speed. This work proposes a creative approach to enhance the durability and extend the lifespan of TENG devices, which is also successfully applied to wind energy harvesting and intelligent sports monitoring.
Enhanced Gas Sensing Characteristics of a Polythiophene Gas Sensor Blended with UiO‐66 via Ligand Functionalization
Authors: Hong Ming , Jo Wooseong , Jo Sang‐A , Jin Haedam , Kim Min , Lee Chang Yeon , Park Yeong Don 
Published: May 2024

AbstractConjugated polymers exhibit significant potential for use in gas sensors owing to their flexibility and straightforward preparation. However, the performance of organic gas sensors based on such materials is currently suboptimal owing to their poor charge‐transport properties and limited selectivity. To address this limitation, a novel strategy that involves blending a chemically modified metal–organic framework (MOF) material, UiO‐66, with a conjugated polymer is developed. The MOF porous material is chemically modified with polar nitrogen‐containing functional groups (amino and nitro groups) to create gas molecule adsorption sites. To evaluate the impact of these modifications on the sensing performance, experiments that combined the sensing performance with a density functional theory simulation are conducted. The findings reveal that gas sensors fabricated using an amine‐functionalized MOF blended with conjugated polymers exhibit significantly higher sensitivity than home polymer devices, the sensing performance of the UiO‐66‐NH2/P3HT blend film improved by a factor of two with a sensitivity of ≈2%/ppm and an LOD of 0.001 ppt. Additionally, these devices exhibit exclusive NO2‐sensing performance for other gases such as CO2 and SO2.
High Frequency Response of Volatile Memristors
Authors: Messaris Ioannis , Ascoli Alon , Demirkol Ahmet S. , Ntinas Vasileios , Prousalis Dimitrios , Tetzlaff Ronald 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this theoretical study, the high‐frequency response of the electrothermal NbO2‐Mott threshold switch is focused, a real‐world electronic device, which has been proved to be relevant in several applications and is classified as a volatile memristor. Memristors of this kind, have been shown to exhibit distinctive non‐linear behaviors crucial for cutting‐edge neuromorphic circuits. In accordance with well‐established models for these devices, their resistances depend on their body temperatures, which evolve over time following Newton's Law of Cooling. Here, it is demonstrated that HP's NbO2‐Mott memristor can manifest up to three distinct steady‐state oscillatory behaviors under a suitable high‐frequency periodic voltage input, showcasing increased versatility despite its volatile nature. Additionally, when subjected to a high‐frequency periodic voltage signal, the device body temperature oscillates with a negligible peak‐to‐peak amplitude. Since the temperature remains almost constant over an input cycle, the devices under study behave as linear resistors during each input cycle. Based on these insights, this paper presents analytical equations characterizing the response of the NbO2‐Mott memristor to high‐frequency voltage inputs, demarcating regions in the state space where distinct initial conditions lead to various asymptotic oscillatory behaviors. Importantly, the mathematical methods introduced in this manuscript are applicable to any volatile electrothermal resistive switch. Additionally, this work presents analytical equations that accurately reproduce the temperature time‐waveform of the studied device during both its transient and steady‐state phases when subjected to a zero‐mean sinusoidal voltage input oscillating in the high‐frequency limit. This analytical approach not only increases the comprehension of volatile electrothermal memristors but also provides a theoretical framework to harness the enhanced dynamical capabilities of real‐world volatile memristors in practical applications.
Elucidate the Thermal Degradation Mechanism of Y6‐Based Organic Solar Cells by Establishing Structure‐Property Correlation
Authors: Xin Jingming , Zhao Chao , Geng Ziqi , Xue Wenyue , Chen Zhenyu , Song Chunpeng , Yan Han , Liang Qiuju , Miao Zongcheng , Ma Wei , Liu Jiangang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOrganic solar cells (OSCs) achieved performance booming benefiting from the emerging of non‐fullerene acceptors, while inadequate device stability hampers their further application. At present, the prevalent belief attributes the inevitable thermal degradation of OSC device to morphological instability caused by excessive phase separation and crystallization in the active layer during device operation. However, it is inapplicable for state‐of‐art Y6‐based devices which strongly degrade before large‐scale morphology change. Herein, an alternative degradation mechanism is elucidated wherein molecular orientation change and demixing induced performance degradation in Y6‐based devices. Distinct from IT‐4F‐based counterpart, Y6‐based devices suffer severe thermal degradation dominated by open‐circuit voltage (VOC) and fill factor (FF) losses. The VOC loss is attributed to molecular orientation transition of polymer donors from edge‐on to face‐on, leading to a strong built‐in potential reduction and increase in non‐radiative loss due to energy level shifting. As for FF decay, discontinuous acceptor phases result in electron mobility decrease by over orders of magnitude, originating from the increased molecular stacking and phase separation. This work reveals the thermal degradation mechanism for Y6‐based devices and correlates the photoelectric properties with morphology instability, which will offer guidance for improving the stability of high‐performance OSCs.
Genetic progress for floral morphology under different nitrogen of rice cultivars in Japan
Authors: Shimono Hiroyuki , Sato Reo , Abe Akira , Nishio Haruki , Kudoh Hiroshi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractReproductive development of rice (Oryza sativa L.) is critical for obtaining high yield by promoting fertilization at the flowering stage. However, limited information is available about historical changes in anther and stigma morphology during breeding programs; these characteristics contribute strongly to a cultivar's abiotic stress resistance. We tested the hypothesis that genetic progress for culm length during breeding has affected the floral morphology of rice cultivars released in Japan. We used field trials in 2 years in northern Japan to quantify anther and stigma morphology and culm length for rice from 147 cultivars (2020) and 284 cultivars (2021) that had been released from 1902 to 2011 (109 years) in Japan under two nitrogen (N) regimes (no‐N and high‐N). Culm length significantly decreased over time at a rate of 1.9–3.1 cm per 10 years at low N. However, anther length, anther width, and stigma length showed no consistent trend during the period. High N significantly increased culm length of most cultivars by an average of 21%–26% but tended to shorten anther length by 2%–3% and anther width by 1%–2% on average and increased stigma length by only 1%, with large variation among cultivars. Our results suggested no evidence on positive breeding efforts targeting on floral morphology to improve abiotic stress tolerance and yield in contract with culm length.
Multiple‐resonance thermally activated delayed emitters through multiple peripheral modulation to enable efficient blue OLEDs at high doping levels
Authors: Wang Yuyuan , Ma Zhiwei , Pu Junrong , Guo Danman , Li Gaoyu , Chen Zhu , Su Shi‐Jian , Deng Huangjun , Zhao Juan , Chi Zhenguo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOrganic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on multiple resonance‐thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) have the advantages of high exciton utilization and excellent color purity. However, the large conjugated planarity of general MR‐TADF emitters makes them easily aggregate in the form of π–π stacking, resulting in aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) and the formation of excimers, which reduce exciton utilization efficiency and color purity. To address these issues, large shielding units can be incorporated to prevent interchromophore interactions, whereas the majority of reported molecules are limited to blue‐green light emissions. This work proposes a strategy of incorporating steric hindrance groups at different sites of the B/N core to suppress interactions between chromophore, contributing to blue MR‐TADF emitters with high photo‐luminance quantum yields (PLQYs ≥ 95%) and narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM), and importantly, great suppression of the ACQ effect. Therefore, blue OLEDs achieve high external quantum efficiencies up to 34.3% and high color purity with FWHM of about 27 nm and CIE around (0.12, 0.15), even at a high doping concentration of 20 wt%.
Impact of busulfan versus treosulfan dose intensity in myelofibrosis undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Gagelmann Nico , Schuh Claudia , Flossdorf Sarah , Kunadt Desiree , Stelljes Matthias , Blau Igor W. , Brecht Arne , Bethge Wolfgang , Schroeder Thomas , Wulf Gerald , Sala Elisa , Bug Gesine , Fleischhauer Katharina , Kröger Nicolaus ,   the German Registry for Stem Cell Transplantation, DRST
Published: May 2024

AbstractOne key aspect of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is pretransplant conditioning, balancing risk for relapse versus non‐relapse mortality. Conditioning regimens with different alkylators at different doses can influence outcome, but data are missing for myelofibrosis, a challenging cohort of patients usually presenting at older age and with comorbidities. We evaluated in a multicenter retrospective study the comparative efficacy and safety of busulfan versus treosulfan in combination with fludarabine for myelofibrosis patients undergoing HCT. This study included 1115 patients (busulfan, n = 902; treosulfan, n = 213) receiving first HCT between 2005 and 2021. Patients were generally balanced for key patient characteristics. Overall survival at 4 years was 62% for the busulfan group versus 58% for the treosulfan group (p = .22). Impact on outcome was dose‐dependent. Overall survival was 65% (95% CI, 61%–69%) for reduced intensity busulfan versus 69% (95% CI, 54%–84%) for reduced intensity treosulfan, 53% (95% CI, 44%–63%) for higher intensity busulfan, and 55% (95% CI, 46%–63%) for higher intensity treosulfan. Incidence of relapse was similar across intensity groups. In multivariable analysis, the hazard for death (with reduced intensity busulfan as reference) was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.39–2.01) for reduced intensity treosulfan (p = .77), 1.42 (95% CI, 0.96–2.10) for higher intensity busulfan (0.08), and 1.61 (95% CI, 1.14–2.26) for higher intensity treosulfan (p = .006). In terms of non‐relapse mortality, comparison was not significantly different, while the hazard ratio for higher intensity treosulfan was 1.48 (95% CI, 0.98–2.23; p = .06). Here, we showed comparable outcomes and improved survival in myelofibrosis undergoing HCT with reduced intensity busulfan or treosulfan.
Age‐related changes in behavior profile in male offspring of rats treated with poly I:C‐induced maternal immune activation in early gestation
Authors: Chen Tengfei , Meng Huadan , Fang Ni , Shi Peiling , Chen Mengxue , Liu Qing , Lv Luxian , Li Wenqiang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundAutism and schizophrenia are environmental risk factors associated with prenatal viral infection during pregnancy. It is still unclear whether behavior phenotypes change at different developmental stages in offspring following the activation of the maternal immune system.MethodsSprague–Dawley rats received a single caudal vein injection of 10 mg/kg polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) on gestational day 9 and the offspring were comprehensively tested for behaviors in adolescence and adulthood.ResultsMaternal serum levels of interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐1β and tumor necrosis factor‐α were elevated in poly I:C‐treated dams. The offspring of maternal poly I:C‐induced rats showed increased anxiety, impaired social approach, and progressive impaired cognitive and sensorimotor gating function.ConclusionMaternal immune activation led to developmental specificity behavioral impairment in offspring.
3D‐Printed Carbon Nanoneedle Electrodes for Dopamine Detection in Drosophila
Authors: Shao Zijun , Zhao He , Dunham Kelly E. , Cao Qun , Lavrik Nickolay V. , Venton B. Jill 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn vivo electrochemistry in small brain regions or synapses requires nanoelectrodes with long straight tips for submicron scale measurements. Nanoelectrodes can be fabricated using a Nanoscribe two‐photon printer, but annealed tips curl if they are long and thin. We propose a new pulling‐force strategy to fabricate a straight carbon nanoneedle structure. A micron‐width bridge is printed between two blocks. The annealed structure shrinks during pyrolysis, and the blocks create a pulling force to form a long, thin, and straight carbon bridge. Parameterization study and COMSOL modeling indicate changes in the block size, bridge size and length affect the pulling force and bridge shrinkage. Electrodes were printed on niobium wires, insulated with aluminum oxide, and the bridge cut with focused ion beam (FIB) to expose the nanoneedle tip. Annealed needle diameters ranged from 400 nm to 5.25 μm and length varied from 50.5 μm to 146 μm. The electrochemical properties are similar to glassy carbon, with good performance for dopamine detection with fast‐scan cyclic voltammetry. Nanoelectrodes enable biological applications, such as dopamine detection in a specific Drosophila brain region. Long and thin nanoneedles are generally useful for other applications such as cellular sensing, drug delivery, or gas sensing.
Acyl Phosphates as Chemically Fueled Building Blocks for Self‐Sustaining Protocells
Authors: Zozulia Oleksii , Kriebisch Christine M. E. , Kriebisch Brigitte A. K. , Soria‐Carrera Héctor , Ryadi Kingu Rici , Steck Juliana , Boekhoven Job 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLipids spontaneously assemble into vesicle‐forming membranes. Such vesicles serve as compartments for even the simplest living systems. Vesicles have been extensively studied for constructing synthetic cells or as models for protocells—the cells hypothesized to have existed before life. These compartments exist almost always close to equilibrium. Life, however, exists out of equilibrium. In this work, we studied vesicle‐based compartments regulated by a non‐equilibrium chemical reaction network that converts activating agents. In this way, the compartments require a constant or periodic supply of activating agents to sustain themselves. Specifically, we use activating agents to condense carboxylates and phosphate esters into acyl phosphate‐based lipids that form vesicles. These vesicles can only be sustained when condensing agents are present; without them, they decay. We demonstrate that the chemical reaction network can operate on prebiotic activating agents, opening the door to prebiotically plausible, self‐sustainable protocells that compete for resources. In future work, such protocells should be endowed with a genotype, e.g., self‐replicating RNA structures, to alter the protocell's behavior. Such protocells could enable Darwinian evolution in a prebiotically plausible chemical system.
Ein‐Topf‐Synthese von 1,3‐Cyclohexadienen durch Birch‐Reduktion in Gegenwart von Carbonylverbindungen
Authors: Krüger‐Braunert Tobias , Linker Torsten 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBirch‐Reduktionen sind wohlbekannte Transformationen von Arenen, die für die Synthese von 1,4‐Cyclohexadienen in großem Maßstab angewandt werden. Wir beschreiben hier erste Reaktionen von Benzoesäuren in Gegenwart von Carbonylverbindungen, die Aldolprodukte in mäßigen bis guten Ausbeuten liefern. Mit Alkylaldehyden entstehen die erwarteten nichtkonjugierten Diene durch Reaktion in der α‐Position. Interessanterweise greifen die intermediär gebildeten Enolate Ketone und Arylaldehyde aus ihrer γ‐Position an, was sich durch sterische Hinderung erklären lässt. Dies ebnet den Weg für die Ein‐Topf‐Synthese von 1,3‐Cyclohexadienen, die durch klassische Birch‐Reduktionen nicht zugänglich sind. Unsere Methode ist auf Benzoe‐ sowie m‐ and p‐Toluylsäuren und verschiedene Carbonylverbindungen anwendbar, und mehr als 25 neue Produkte wurden in bis zu 93 % Ausbeute isoliert. Prochirale Arylaldehyde liefern Diastereomerengemische im Verhältnis von etwa 4 : 1, im Cyclohexadienring entstehen hingegen nur trans‐Isomere mit hoher Selektivität. Zudem sind die gebildeten 1,3‐Cyclohexadiene nützliche Vorläufer für weitere Umsetzungen, was wir anhand erster Beispiele zeigen konnten. So liefert die Aromatisierung Produkte einer formalen meta‐selektiven Friedel–Crafts‐Alkylierung, und vier neue Stereozentren werden hochselektiv durch Cycloaddition von Singulett‐Sauerstoff erzeugt.
An Automatized Rebalancing System to Address Faradaic Imbalance and Prolong Cycle Life in Alkaline Ferrocyanide – Anthraquinone Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Cantera Miguel , Lubián Lara , Cavusoglu Koray , Rubio‐Presa Rubén , Sanz Roberto , Ruiz Virginia , Cámara Jose María , Ventosa Edgar 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries are a family of promising energy storage systems. However, they face various challenges related to their lifetime, such as the Faradaic imbalance due to the occurrence of parasitic reaction leading to the fading of its energy storage capacity. Herein, automatization of a rebalancing system to reverse the detrimental effects of Faradaic imbalance due to the unavoidable presence of small quantities of oxygen in the negative reservoir or hydrogen evolution reaction is developed and implemented in an alkaline flow battery. A membrane‐free rebalancing cell is proposed to promote the oxygen evolution reaction and reverse the accumulated charge in the catholyte showing a 100 % coulombic efficiency. The programmable logic controller monitors the open circuit voltage to calculate the charge stored in each charge/discharge step and closes a circuit so a fixed voltage is applied to the rebalancing cell when the battery needs to be rebalanced. The system is tested using an alkaline flow battery consisting of ferrocyanide and 2,6‐dihydroxyanthraquinone, improving the energy capacity retention from 0.27 % cycle‐1 and 0.47 % h‐1 without rebalancing system to 100 % retention after >850 cycles and >24 days (without Ar‐filled glovebox), demonstrating the feasibility of this proposed system to address the Faradaic imbalance.
Protein tyrosine phosphatases: emerging role in cancer therapy resistance
Authors: Zhao Min , Shuai Wen , Su Zehao , Xu Ping , Wang Aoxue , Sun Qiu , Wang Guan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundTyrosine phosphorylation of intracellular proteins is a post‐translational modification that plays a regulatory role in signal transduction during cellular events. Dephosphorylation of signal transduction proteins caused by protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) contributed their role as a convergent node to mediate cross‐talk between signaling pathways. In the context of cancer, PTP‐mediated pathways have been identified as signaling hubs that enabled cancer cells to mitigate stress induced by clinical therapy. This is achieved by the promotion of constitutive activation of growth‐stimulatory signaling pathways or modulation of the immune‐suppressive tumor microenvironment. Preclinical evidences suggested that anticancer drugs will release their greatest therapeutic potency when combined with PTP inhibitors, reversing drug resistance that was responsible for clinical failures during cancer therapy.Areas coveredThis review aimed to elaborate recent insights that supported the involvement of PTP‐mediated pathways in the development of resistance to targeted therapy and immune‐checkpoint therapy.Expert opinionThis review proposed the notion of PTP inhibition in anticancer combination therapy as a potential strategy in clinic to achieve long‐term tumor regression. Ongoing clinical trials are currently underway to assess the safety and efficacy of combination therapy in advanced‐stage tumors.
Synergistic effect of additional anlotinib and immunotherapy as second‐line or later‐line treatment in pancreatic cancer: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Qin Boyu , Xiong Qi , Xin Lingli , Li Ke , Shi Weiwei , Song Qi , Sun Qiong , Shao Jiakang , Zhang Jing , Zhao Xiao , Liu Jinyu , Wang Jinliang , Yang Bo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is in urgent need of a second‐line or later‐line treatment strategy. We aimed to analyze the efficacy and safety of additional anlotinib, specifically anlotinib in combination with immunotherapy, in patients with PDAC who have failed first‐line therapy.MethodsPatients with pathological diagnosis of PDAC were additionally treated with anlotinib, and some patients were treated with anti‐PD‐1 agents at the same time, which could be retrospectively analyzed. The efficacy and safety of additional anlotinib were evaluated.ResultsA total of 23 patients were included. In patients treated with additional anlotinib, the overall median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 1.8 months and the median overall survival (OS) was 6.3 months, regardless of anti‐PD‐1 agents. Among patients receiving additional anlotinib in combination with anti‐PD‐1 agents, median PFS and OS were 1.8 and 6.5 months, respectively. Adverse events (AEs) were observed in 16 patients (69.6%). In patients treated with additional anlotinib, the majority of AEs were grade 1–3. Univariate analysis revealed that patients with baseline red blood cell distribution width (RDW) <14% treated with additional anlotinib plus anti‐PD‐1 agents had significantly longer OS than patients with baseline RDW ≥14% (p = 0.025). Patients with additional anlotinib plus anti‐PD‐1 agents as second‐line therapy had a longer OS than those treated as later‐line therapy (p = 0.012). Multivariate analysis showed that baseline RDW was the only independent risk factor for OS (p = 0.042).ConclusionThe combination of anlotinib and immunotherapy represents an effective add‐on therapy with tolerable AEs as second‐ or later‐line therapy in patients with PDAC, particularly in patients with baseline RDW <14%.