bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic evidence reshapes the taxonomy of Cacao and its allies (Theobroma and Herrania; Malvaceae, Byttnerioideae)
Authors: Colli-Silva Matheus , Richardson James Edward , Bossa-Castro Ana M. , Pirani José Rubens 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTheobroma (Malvaceae, Byttnerioideae), the cacao genus, has a taxonomic history spanning over two centuries. Currently, it comprises 23 species of trees from lowland forests from the Tropical Americas. Herrania, a closely related genus described later, includes 17 additional species commonly referred to as “wild cacaos.” Phylogenetic relationships and morphological circumscriptions between Theobroma and Herrania have been the subject of debate. While Herrania has traditionally been treated as a separate genus based on evident morphological differences in leaf and petal features, it shares similarities with Theobroma in terms of habit, inflorescence, and fruit types. Recent phylogenetic evidence, incorporating a broader taxonomic sampling and a total-evidence analysis, suggested that Theobroma is paraphyletic, with Herrania nested within it. This finding supports the restoration of a classical circumscription of Theobroma wherein Herrania is considered a section of the former genus. Here, we provide a detailed account of the taxonomic history at infrageneric levels and propose one new subsection, two names at new ranks (to better allocate the diversity within T. sect. Herrania), and nine new combinations encompassing this expanded circumscription of Theobroma. In our study, we delimit Theobroma with forty species divided into six sections: T. sect. Glossopetalum (14 spp.), T. sect. Herrania (17 spp.), T. sect. Oreanthes (5 spp.), T. sect. Rhytidocarpus (1 sp.), T. sect. Telmatocarpus (2 spp.), and T. sect. Theobroma (1 sp.). Furthermore, we recognize three subsections within T. sect. Herrania. Alongside these newly proposed changes, we present a section-level identification key and provide diagnostic characters for each taxon.
Increased Expression of Inactive Rhomboid Protein 2 in Circulating Monocytes after Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: van Dijck Phillip , Hannemann Carmen , Dreger Henryk , Stangl Verena , Stangl Karl , Ludwig Antje , Hewing Bernd 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIncreased TNF-α levels following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) contribute to impaired recovery of myocardial function. Interaction of inactive rhomboid protein 2 (iRhom2) with TNF-α converting enzyme (TACE) is required for TNF-α shedding from immune cells. We hypothesized that iRhom2 expression increases in circulating monocytes following AMI. Transcript levels of iRhom2, TACE and TNF-α were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR in isolated monocytes of 50 AMI patients at admission (d1) and 3 days (d3) after. We observed a significant increase in levels of iRhom2 mRNA expression in monocytes between d1-3, while TNF-α and TACE mRNA expression remained unchanged. At d3, iRhom2 mRNA expression positively correlated with levels of intermediate monocytes or serum TNF-α, and negatively with LV systolic function. iRhom2 may contribute to regulation of post-infarction inflammation and is associated with LV dysfunction following AMI. iRhom2 modulation should be evaluated as a potential therapeutic strategy to attenuate cardiac remodeling following AMI.
Do energy communities need to be local? A comparative study of two energy cooperatives in Europe
Authors: Dudka Aurore , Magnani Natalia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEnergy communities are integral to achieving the European goal of carbon neutrality by 2050. While these communities are currently being emphasized as strictly place-based, with some states interpreting RED II’s proximity criterion stringently, our research offers a contrasting perspective: We argue that a sole focus on geographical proximity fails to capture the full contributions of energy community projects, especially those that function as communities of interest rather than merely as communities of place. In order to support this perspective, our study analyses data from 5402 responses and 31 semi-structured interviews from two main energy cooperatives: Ecopower in Flanders, Belgium, and ènostra in Italy, in both of which, members are not confined by geographical boundaries and are instead united by shared energy-related interests.Our findings indicate that these two organizations are pivotal to driving the European energy transition. The organizations effectively rally their members around a common identity, thereby fostering new norms, practices, and forms of social capital as well as offering a shield against the market’s prevailing logic. This observation becomes even clearer when considering the fact that the cooperatives have reached a significant level of business maturity, with Ecopower utilizing more resources for including and empowering participants and territories. Our research underscores the importance of re-evaluating the role of geographical proximity in energy policies and highlights the potential that interest-based cooperatives have when it comes to advancing sustainable energy initiatives across various geographical scales.
Crafting resilience: persistence and adaptation of the ceramic manufacture at Roca Vecchia from the Middle to the Final Bronze Age phases
Authors: Mentesana Roberta , Iacono Francesco , Guglielmino Riccardo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThrough the second millennium BC, Bronze Age communities of Southern Italy have shown a remarkable degree of resilience in coping with changes in both macro-trends of cultural interaction and the landscape. In this paper, we will examine long-term processes of adaptation to shifting historical and environmental conditions from the vantage point of the impasto ware production at the site of Roca Vecchia (Melendugno-Lecce, IT), one of the main hubs of interaction for the Bronze Age of the Central Mediterranean. Sixty-eight ceramic individuals coming from the Middle to the Final Bronze Age levels and seven soil deposits from the site surroundings were analysed by petrography and fifteen were selected for SEM–EDX examination. We explore how changes in the complex history of the settlement and the surrounding landscape are matched in technological choices operated by the community of practice responsible for producing impasto pottery at Roca, in a moment when the long-range connection with the Aegean world was at its historical peak.
Robust fracture intensity estimation from petrophysical logs and mud loss data: a multi-level ensemble modeling approach
Authors: Azadivash Ahmad , Soleymani Hosseinali , Seifirad Atrina , Sandani Amirali , Yahyaee Farshid , Kadkhodaie Ali 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study presents a pioneering machine learning approach to continuously model fracture intensity in hydrocarbon reservoirs using solely conventional well logs and mud loss data. While machine learning has previously been applied to predict discrete fracture properties, this is among the first attempts to leverage well logs for continuous fracture intensity modeling leveraging advanced ensemble techniques. A multi-level stacked ensemble methodology systematically combines the strengths of diverse algorithms like gradient boosting, random forest and XGBoost through a tiered approach, enhancing predictive performance beyond individual models. Nine base machine learning algorithms generate initial fracture intensity predictions which are combined through linear regression meta-models and further stacked using ridge regression into an integrated super-learner model. This approach achieves significant improvements over individual base models, with the super-learner attaining a mean absolute error of 0.083 and R^2 of 0.980 on test data. By quantifying the crucial fracture intensity parameter continuously as a function of depth, this data-driven methodology enables more accurate reservoir characterization compared to traditional methods. The ability to forecast fracture intensity solely from conventional well logs opens new opportunities for rapid, low-cost quantification of this parameter along new wells without requiring advanced logging tools. When incorporated into reservoir simulators, these machine learning fracture intensity models can help optimize production strategies and recovery management. This systematic stacked ensemble framework advances continuous fracture intensity modeling exclusively from well logs, overcoming limitations of prior techniques. Novel insights gained via rigorous model evaluation deepen the understanding of naturally fractured reservoirs.
“I come from a poor family”: deciphering how working-class young men aspire to and experience their journeys in STEM higher education
Authors: Stahl Garth , Fugurally Shaneeza , Hu Yating , Nguyen Tin , McDonald Sarah 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Working-class young men are often pathologised for their perceived lack of white-collar career aspirations. Historically, and in our present context, only a select minority of working-class males pursue higher education. Of those who attend, few choose to study STEM, which is often associated with academic rigour, competition and prestige. As a result, we know little about the motivations and experiences of working-class men pursuing STEM degrees. The aim of this paper is to decipher some of the complex interweaving of masculinities, social class and learner identities in STEM through focusing on three key themes from a longitudinal study focused on first-in-family males: (1) desire for financial stability and fulfilment; (2) internalising pressure; (3) struggles with social acclimatisation to university. The research provides some insight into how we can better support males from non-traditional backgrounds who aspire to pathways that contrast greatly with their socio-economic background.
Advances on anticancer fungal metabolites: sources, chemical and biological activities in the last decade (2012–2023)
Authors: Evidente Antonio 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAmong microorganisms, fungi are the ones that have the most imagination in producing secondary metabolites with the most varied structural differences, which are produced through different biosynthetic pathways. Therefore, they synthesize secondary metabolites classifiable into numerous families of natural compounds such as amino acids, alkaloids, anthraquinones, aromatic compounds, cyclohexene epoxides, furanones, macrolides, naphthoquinones, polyketides, pyrones, terpenes, etc. They also produced metabolites with very complex structures that can not be classified in the known families of natural compounds. Many fungal metabolites show different biological activities with potential applications in agriculture, food chemistry, cosmetics, pharmacology and medicine. This review is focused on the fungal secondary metabolites with anticancer activity isolated in the last ten years. For some metabolites, when described, their biosynthetic origin, the mode of action and the results of structure activity relationships studies are also reported.
Graphical Abstract
Viral Meningitis and Encephalitis Update
Authors: Garber Boris , Glauser Johnathan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
This review describes advances in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of non-bacterial meningitis and encephalitis, with a focus on emerging viral causes of central nervous system (CNS) infection.

Recent Findings
The Infectious Diseases Society of America recently published new guidelines for the management of encephalitis. Multiple articles have been published detailing emerging etiologies in human CNS infections, including analyses of neurological complications in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, several novel viral detection methods have been described, which may improve the detection of the specific etiologies of CNS infections (Hongyan et al. Front Neurol 14, [1]).

Summary
Meningitis and encephalitis remain important causes of morbidity and mortality. They are as a whole uncommon, yet timely diagnosis, treatment, and disposition are still critical to improve patient outcomes. In clinical practice the exact cause of encephalitis is frequently unidentified, making supportive care often the only available treatment. Emergency physicians, neurologists, infectious disease doctors, and intensive care unit specialists will benefit from reviewing this discussion on emerging pathogens, as well as from reviewing advances in virology, immunology, and the imaging of inflammatory CNS conditions.
Numerical investigation of the effect of an air layer on the melting process of phase change materials
Authors: Khalaf Abbas Fadhil , Rashid Farhan Lafta , Al-Obaidi Mudhar A. , Ameen Arman , Mohammed Hayder I. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDesigning more effective thermal energy storage devices can result from understanding how air layers impact the melting process. The total efficiency of these systems can be improved by optimizing the melting process of the phase change materials (PCMs), which are utilised to store and release thermal energy. The current study utilises an analysis to evaluate how an air layer would affect melting of the PCM. The enthalpy-porosity combination based ANSYS/FLUENT 16 software is specifically used to accomplish this study, considering the paraffin wax (RT42) as the PCM. The study reveal that the presence of an air layer would impact the dissolution process. This result is assured an increase of melting time of PCM by 125% as a result to having an air layer of 5 cm thickness compared to a cell without an air layer. Furthermore, an increase of the layer thickness beyond 5 cm has a progressive effect on the melting time of PCM. One important component that affects the melting process is the existence of an air layer above the cell. Greater heat transfer resistance from thicker air layers prolongs the time needed to finish melting. The efficient heat transmission of PCM is shown to be reduced when there is an air layer above the cell. The melting process gradually slows down as the air layer thickness rises, which reflects the decreased heat transmission. These results highlight how crucial it is to take the environment into account while creating PCM-filled energy storage cells.
Addition of nisin to high-viscosity glass-ionomer cement: a comparative in vitro study on antibacterial and physical properties
Authors: Hegde D. , Suprabha B. S. , Ginjupalli K. , Suman E. , Natarajan S. , Shenoy R. , Rao A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Nisin is a lantibiotic effective against Gram-positive microorganisms such as Streptococcus mutans. The study aimed to determine the effect of the addition of nisin to high-viscosity glass-ionomer cement (HVGIC) on its antibacterial activity, setting time, surface microhardness, and compressive strength.

Methods
1 and 3% w/w nisin were added to HVGIC before mixing. Unmodified HVGIC was the control. Agar disc diffusion, direct contact test, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis were used to evaluate antibacterial activity against S. mutans. Setting time, surface microhardness, and compressive strength were measured using Gilmore needle apparatus, digital microhardness tester, and universal testing machine, respectively. Statistical analysis included Student’s t test, one-way ANOVA with Tamhane’s post hoc test, and repeated-measures ANOVA.

Results
As evidenced by the agar disc diffusion (p < 0.001), direct contact tests (p = 0.025), and SEM analysis of the S. mutans cell count and cell surface area (p = 0.049 and 0.003), 3% nisin had the strongest antibacterial activity. There was a dose-dependent increase in setting time (p = 0.005) and surface microhardness (p = 0.006), with no significant difference in compressive strength compared to control.

Conclusion
The addition of 3% nisin to HVGIC enhances the antibacterial action against S. mutans and surface microhardness without adversely affecting setting time and compressive strength.
Correlation of serum DKK1 level with skeletal phenotype in children with osteogenesis imperfecta
Authors: Wang Y. , Hu J. , Sun L. , Zhou B. , Lin X. , Zhang Q. , Wang O. , Jiang Y. , Xia W. , Xing X. , Li M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
We aim to detect serum DKK1 level of pediatric patients with OI and to analyze its relationship with the genotype and phenotype of OI patients.

Methods
A cohort of pediatric OI patients and age-matched healthy children were enrolled. Serum levels of DKK1 and bone turnover biomarkers were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Pathogenic mutations of OI were detected by next-generation sequencing and confirmed by Sanger sequencing.

Results
A total of 62 OI children with mean age of 9.50 (4.86, 12.00) years and 29 healthy children were included in this study. The serum DKK1 concentration in OI children was significantly higher than that in healthy children [5.20 (4.54, 6.32) and 4.08 (3.59, 4.92) ng/mL, P < 0.001]. The serum DKK1 concentration in OI children was negatively correlated with height (r = − 0.282), height Z score (r = − 0.292), ALP concentration (r = − 0.304), lumbar BMD (r = − 0.276), BMD Z score of the lumbar spine and femoral neck (r = − 0.32; r = − 0.27) (all P < 0.05). No significant difference in serum DKK1 concentration was found between OI patients with and without vertebral compression fractures. In patients with spinal deformity (22/62), serum DKK1 concentration was positively correlated with SDI (r = 0.480, P < 0.05). No significant correlation was observed between serum DKK1 concentration and the annual incidence of peripheral fractures, genotype and types of collagen changes in OI children.

Conclusion
The serum DKK1 level was not only significantly elevated in OI children, but also closely correlated to their skeletal phenotype, suggesting that DKK1 may become a new biomarker and a potential therapeutic target of OI.
Conception and parameterization of field-scale models for simulating ammonia loss from fertilized lands: a review
Authors: Horváth László , Szabó Anna , Weidinger Tamás 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAmmonia is a crucial component in the biogeochemical cycle of nitrogen, with various harmful environmental effects. The primary source of NH3 is agriculture, particularly the application of fertilizers in crop cultivation. A significant portion of the nitrogen content from fertilizers, when applied without utilization, is released into the environment, becoming a source of loss and pollution. Emissions occur both from the soil and through stomata. However, if the compensation point concentration of the apoplast is lower than the nearby concentration of NH3, stomatal absorption occurs. Additionally, cuticular deposition processes and bidirectional exchange of droplets on foliage (rain, dew, guttation) contribute to the ammonia cycle within the canopy. Depending on the conditions, a considerable amount of the ammonia emitted by the soil can be recaptured by the canopy. This recapture helps reduce both nitrogen loss from fertilizers and environmental pollution. This article presents a general review of models simulating the bi-directional exchange of ammonia in the soil—plant—atmosphere system, focusing on determining ammonia loss and amounts recycled by the canopy. The review covers concepts and parameterization of various model inputs.
MXene@c-MWCNT Adhesive Silica Nanofiber Membranes Enhancing Electromagnetic Interference Shielding and Thermal Insulation Performance in Extreme Environments
Authors: Han Ziyuan , Niu Yutao , Shi Xuetao , Pan Duo , Liu Hu , Qiu Hua , Chen Weihua , Xu Ben Bin , El-Bahy Zeinhom M. , Hou Hua , Elsharkawy Eman Ramadan , Amin Mohammed A. , Liu Chuntai , Guo Zhanhu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA lightweight flexible thermally stable composite is fabricated by combining silica nanofiber membranes (SNM) with MXene@c-MWCNT hybrid film. The flexible SNM with outstanding thermal insulation are prepared from tetraethyl orthosilicate hydrolysis and condensation by electrospinning and high-temperature calcination; the MXene@c-MWCNTx:y films are prepared by vacuum filtration technology. In particular, the SNM and MXene@c-MWCNT6:4 as one unit layer (SMC1) are bonded together with 5 wt% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution, which exhibits low thermal conductivity (0.066 W m−1 K−1) and good electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance (average EMI SET, 37.8 dB). With the increase in functional unit layer, the overall thermal insulation performance of the whole composite film (SMCx) remains stable, and EMI shielding performance is greatly improved, especially for SMC3 with three unit layers, the average EMI SET is as high as 55.4 dB. In addition, the organic combination of rigid SNM and tough MXene@c-MWCNT6:4 makes SMCx exhibit good mechanical tensile strength. Importantly, SMCx exhibit stable EMI shielding and excellent thermal insulation even in extreme heat and cold environment. Therefore, this work provides a novel design idea and important reference value for EMI shielding and thermal insulation components used in extreme environmental protection equipment in the future.
Pore structure response at different scales in coal to cyclical liquid nitrogen treatment and its impact on permeability and micromechanical properties
Authors: Jiang Changbao , Sun Qi , Deng Bozhi , Yang Bowen , Guo Jianquan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe methane in the coal seams of abandoned mines is a valuable natural gas resource. However, the ultra-low permeability of coal seams restricts the extraction of coalbed methane. The liquid nitrogen fracturing technology is a novel approach suitable for enhancing the permeability of coal seams in abandoned mines. The ultra-low temperature could potentially facilitate the growth and propagation of pores and fractures in coal seams. In this study, we observed inconsistent alterations in coal properties measured by multiple instruments at different scales, whether in dry or wet coal specimens. This suggests that the mechanisms influencing the pore structure due to LN2 treatment differ across various scales in dry and wet coal specimens. For dry specimens, heterogeneous thermal deformation and freezing shrinkage exhibited opposing effects during LN2 treatment. Thermal stress-induced micro-fractures might counteract the freezing contraction of micropores in coal matrices, preventing a significant decrease in coal macropores and fractures. In wet specimens, the effects of LN2 treatment on wet coal specimens were predominantly controlled by frost heaving. However, due to low water saturation, LN2 treatment had negligible effects on coal micropores, even in the presence of local frost heaving. In field applications, water migration from smaller to larger pores could further diminish the impact of LN2 treatment on micropores.
The Date of Ādi Śaṅkarācārya and Emergence of Śaivism as a Popular Religion in South India
Authors: Saraswati Sainath R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe date of Ādi Śaṅkarācārya has been one of the unsolved problems of Indian Philosophy. He is generally accepted to have lived from 788 to 820 CE and is thus assigned from the end of the eighth century to the beginning of the ninth century. So far scholars who have worked on this problem have consulted his hagiographies and his works to determine his date. However, they have not studied the date of Ādi Śaṅkarācārya by placing him in the context of the development of religion in South India. Nor have they consulted South Indian sources, especially Tamiḻ texts, to see if there are any references to his philosophy. In this paper, I study the problem of the date of Ādi Śaṅkarācārya by consulting Tamiḻ sources and the hitherto less consulted epicŚivarahasya. I also connect his date with the emergence of Śaivism as a popular religion in South India. Based on my study, I place Ādi Śaṅkarācārya in the fifth century BCE and as a result, I emphasize the importance of redating Hindu scriptures, especially theVedas, as Ādi Śaṅkarācārya is the earliest commentator.