bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studies on the Tanning with Glutaraldehyde as an Alternative to Traditional Chrome Tanning System for the Production of Chrome Free Leather
Authors: Chakraborty Dipankar , Quadery Ariful Hai , Azad M Abul Kashem 
Published: March 2009

Chrome tanning is a versatile tanning system, but the pollution problems of chromium due to inadequacy of treatment systems and possible formation of Cr(VI), a carcinogen, have led to search for an ecofriendly and viable alternative tanning system. The present investigation focuses on the development of a novel, high performance and thermally stable aldehyde tannage system to produce chrome free leather by cross linking the NH2 groups of collagen with glutaraldehyde (CHO-CH2-CH2-CH2-CHO). After as usual soaking, liming, deliming, bating and pickling operations the pickle pelts were tanned with glutaraldehyde and other syntans. This developed chrome free tanning process produce crust leathers exhibiting thermal stability >85Â°C and reducing the TDS value with 0% emission of Cr-salt in tannery discharge. Key words: Eco friendly tanning system, Chrome free leather, Crust leathers Â doi: 10.3329/bjsir.v43i4.2246 Â Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 43(4), 553-558, 2008
The Natural Course of Radiographic Progression in Ankylosing Spondylitis — Evidence for Major Individual Variations in a Large Proportion of Patients
Authors: BARALIAKOS XENOFON , LISTING JOACHIM , von der RECKE ANNA , BRAUN JURGEN 
Published: March 2009

Objective.To describe the natural course of radiographic progression and to differentiate rates of progression in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS).Methods.Overall, 146 patients with AS who had never received anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy were analyzed in this retrospective cohort study. The main inclusion criterion was the availability of complete sets of cervical and lumbar radiographs from at least 2 timepoints within 6 years. Using the modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spine Score (mSASSS), we quantified the structural changes and assessed different rates of radiographic progression based on development of new syndesmophytes/year.Results.The mean followup time was 3.8 ± 1.7 years (range 1–6) and the mean number of consecutive radiographs was 2.7 (range 2–6) per patient. The mean mSASSS change/year was 1.3 ± 2.5 units. Radiographic progression showed much variability, since 43% of patients showed a 4-fold greater rate of progression than the mean, and 23% had no progression. The data-based definition for “fast progression” was calculated as a change > 5 mSASSS units or > 2 new syndesmophytes; for “moderate progression” as change of 2.0–5.0 mSASSS units or < 2 new syndesmophytes; and for “slow progression” as change of < 2 mSASSS units or no more than 1 new syndesmophyte within 2 years. The only factor to predict future radiographic progression was the number of syndesmophytes at baseline.Conclusion.Radiographic progression in AS is rather variable and many patients show high rates of progression. On the basis of this retrospective dataset we propose to differentiate patients on an individual level according to their progression rates: patients with fast, moderate, and slow radiographic progression, assessed by counting new syndesmophytes. Predicting radiographic progression remains difficult; only the prevalence of syndesmophytes at baseline is predictive of future damage.
Thermal, optical, and water sorption properties in composite films of poly(ether imide) and bismaleimides: Effect of chemical structure
Authors: Seo Jongchul , Jang Wonbong , Han Haksoo 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTwo series of semi‐interpenetrating polymer network (semi‐IPN) composite films, PEI/bismaleimide (UTBM) and PEI/fluorinated BMI (UTFBM) were prepared using a thermoplastic PEI and two different crosslinkable imide moieties. The effects of chemical structure and content of crosslinkable imide moieties on thermal stability, dielectric properties, and water sorption have been investigated. Glass transition temperature and weight loss temperatures increased with increase in the content of crosslinkable imide moieties, indicating the enhanced thermal stability of the semi‐IPN composite films. The refractive indices of the semi‐IPN composite systems increased with increasing crosslinkable imide moieties due to the higher polarizabilities of atoms. The water sorption of the semi‐IPN composite films was significantly decreased by the incorporation of crosslinkable imide moieties, which are interpreted by morphological structure. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Formulation and curing characteristics of EPDM/NR and EPDM/SBR polyblends used in metallic surfaces rubber lining
Authors: Rezaeian Iraj , Zahedi Payam , Loghmani Motahareh Sadat 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn this work, a new elastomeric liner was introduced to protect the metal surfaces of storage tanks against corroding materials in petrochemical industries. This new liner was prepared on the basis of EPDM/NR and EPDM/SBR compounds. The elastomeric compounds were cured by using super‐heated water vapor at atmospheric pressure. To increase the rate of curing in these rubber samples, the optimum curing system contained 15 phr sulfur and 1.5 phr mercaptobenzothiazole, 1.5 phr zinc diethyl dithiocarbamate, and 1.8 phr tetramethylthiuram disulfide accelerators. Mechanical tests showed that ultimate tensile strength, elongation at break, and hardness of both polyblend samples were comparable to the SBR/NR blend, which is widely used in the rubber lining of metallic surfaces. In the next step, the chemical resistance of the samples was measured by placing them in a 30 wt % HCl solution. The tensile strength, elongation at break, and weight loss of the samples were measured before and after immersion in HCl. Also, the chemical resistances for EPDM/NR, EPDM/SBR, and SBR/NR samples were qualitatively measured in caustic solution. The cracking, blistering, permeability, and adhesion of the rubber samples to steel surface were observed. Finally, the results showed that EPDM/SBR (70/30) polyblend can be a suitable substitute for conventionally used SBR/NR (50/50) for a successful rubber used to line metallic surfaces. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Polyurethane elastomers based on 1,3 and 1,4‐bis(isocyanatomethyl)cyclohexane
Authors: Xie Rui , Bhattacharjee Debkumar , Argyropoulos John 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMost polyurethane elastomers in the market place are based on aromatic isocyanates. This is partially due to the higher cost of aliphatic isocyanates compared with aromatic isocyanates which are commonly used by the industry. However, more importantly, it has been the performance deficiency of polyurethane elastomers based on commercial aliphatic isocyanates that has significantly limited their use. Though aliphatic‐based polyurethane elastomers possess increased resistance to hydrolysis and thermal degradation in addition to greater light stability, these elastomers often experience a decrease in physical–mechanical properties when compared with aromatic isocyanate‐based materials. In this study, we investigated elastomers based on 1,3 and 1,4‐bis(isocyanatomethyl)cyclohexane, an experimental diisocyanate recently developed by The Dow Chemical Company. The physical properties of the elastomers are reported and discussed in comparison to similar elastomers prepared from commercially available aliphatic and aromatic isocyanates. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Fabrication of pH‐responsive molecularly imprinted polyethersulfone particles for bisphenol‐A uptake
Authors: Zhao W. F. , Fang B. H. , Li N. , Nie S. Q. , Wei Q. , Zhao C. S. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractpH‐responsive molecularly imprinted particles were successfully fabricated by pore‐filling poly (acrylic acid) (PAA) gels into bisphenol‐A (BPA)‐imprinted polyethersulfone particles. The adsorbed BPA amount (or rate) decreased after filling the PAA gels both for the imprinted and nonimprinted particles. However, it was confirmed that changing the acidity of the solution reversibly controls the rebinding ability toward BPA and that the BPA uptake of the pore‐filled particles exhibited chemical valve behavior at a pH between 3 and 6. This finding can be attributed to the swelling of the PAA gels in the particles. The present methodology provides a simple way to prepare pH‐responsive molecularly imprinted materials and is expandable to the imprinting of other hydrophobic molecules, such as dibenzofuran. Also, the results of this work demonstrate the potential of stimuli‐responsive molecularly imprinted polymer materials as smart chemicals and as drug‐delivery systems. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Quantitative evaluation of His‐tag purification and immunoprecipitation of tristetraprolin and its mutant proteins from transfected human cells
Authors: Cao Heping , Lin Rui 
Published: March 2009

AbstractHistidine (His)‐tag is widely used for affinity purification of recombinant proteins, but the yield and purity of expressed proteins are quite different. Little information is available about quantitative evaluation of this procedure. The objective of this study was to evaluate His‐tag procedure quantitatively and to compare it with immunoprecipitation using radiolabeled tristetraprolin (TTP), a zinc finger protein with anti‐inflammatory property. Human embryonic kidney 293 cells were transfected with wild‐type and nine mutant plasmids with single or multiple phosphorylation site mutation(s) in His‐TTP. These proteins were expressed and mainly localized in the cytosol of transfected cells by immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy. His‐TTP proteins were purified by Ni‐NTA beads with imidazole elution or precipitated by TTP antibodies from transfected cells after being labeled with [32P]‐orthophosphate. The results showed that (1) His‐tag purification was more effective than immunoprecipitation for TTP purification; (2) mutations in TTP increased the yield of His‐TTP by both purification procedures; and (3) mutations in TTP increased the binding affinity of mutant proteins for Ni‐NTA beads. These findings suggest that bioengineering phosphorylation sites in proteins can increase the production of recombinant proteins. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009
Enzyme immobilization via silaffin‐mediated autoencapsulation in a biosilica support
Authors: Marner Wesley D. , Shaikh Afshan S. , Muller Susan J. , Keasling Jay D. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractEnzymes and other biomolecules are often immobilized in a matrix to improve their stability or to improve their ability to be reused. Performing a polycondensation reaction in the presence of a biomolecule of interest relies on random entrapment events during polymerization and may not ensure efficient, homogeneous, or complete biomolecule encapsulation. To overcome these limitations, we have developed a method of incorporating autosilification activity into proteins without affecting enzymatic functionality. The unmodified R5 silaffin peptide from Cylindrotheca fusiformis is capable of initiating silica polycondensation in vitro at ambient temperatures and pressures in aqueous solution. In this study, translational fusion proteins between R5 and various functional proteins (phosphodiesterase, organophosphate hydrolase, and green fluorescent protein) were produced in Escherichia coli. Each of the fusion proteins initiated silica polycondensation, and enzymatic activity (or fluorescence) was retained in the resulting silica spheres. Under certain circumstances, the enzymatically‐active biosilica displayed improved stability relative to free enzyme at elevated temperatures. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009
Aerosol infectivity of a Baculovirus to Trichoplusia ni larvae: An alternative larval inoculation strategy for recombinant protein production
Authors: Jinn Tzyy‐Rong , Kao Suey‐Sheng , Tseng Yin‐Chin , Chen Ying‐Ju , Wu Tzong‐Yuan 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe baculovirus–insect expression system is a popular tool for recombinant protein production. The standard method for infecting insect larvae with recombinant baculovirus for protein production involves either feeding occlusion bodies or injecting budded virus into the cuticle. In this study, we showed that the recombinant Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) at titers >108 pfu/mL efficiently infected Trichoplusia ni (T. ni) larvae through aerosol inoculation of budded virus at a pressure of 5.5 × 104 Pa. The dipping T. ni larvae in virus‐containing solution efficiently infected them. These results indicate that surface contamination, either by aerosol or dipping, lead to infection via spiracles. The aerosol infection route for AcMNPV was restricted to T. ni and Plutella xylostella larvae, whereas Spodoptera litura and Helicoverpa armigera larvae were resistant to this inoculation process. The yields of the reporter proteins DsRed and EGFP from T. ni larvae following aerosol infection were nearly identical to those following oral feeding or injection. This alternative baculovirus infection strategy facilitates recombinant protein and virus production by insect larvae. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009
Erdosteine modulates radiocontrast‐induced hepatotoxicity in rat
Authors: Yesildağ Ahmet , Özden Ahmet , Yılmaz H. Ramazan , Uz Efkan , Ağackıran Yetkin , Yesildağ Mihrican , Yılmaz Nigar , Sırmalı Rana , Vural Hüseyin , Nazıroğlu Mustafa 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIt has been suggested that reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays an important role in radio contrast media (RCM)‐induced ischemia reperfusion tissue injury although antioxidants may have protective effects on the injury. We investigated the effects of erdosteine as an antioxidant agent on RCM‐induced liver toxicity in rats by evaluation of lipid peroxidation (as TBARS), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) values and histological evaluation. Twenty‐one rats were equally divided into three groups as follows: control, RCM, and RCM plus erdosteine. RCM was intraperitoneally administered for 1 day. Erdosteine was administered orally for 2 days after RCM administration. Liver samples were taken from the rats and they homogenized in a motor‐driven tissue homogenizer. TBARS levels were significantly (p < 0.005) higher in RCM group than in control although SOD activities significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in RCM group. TBARS levels were lower in RCM plus erdosteine group than in control although SOD activity and GSH level increased (p < 0.05) in liver as compared to RCM alone. Erdosteine showed also histopathological protection (p < 0.0001) against RCM induced hepatotoxicity. GSH‐Px and CAT activities were not statistically changed by the erdosteine. According to our results, it can be concluded that radiocontrast media can induce oxidative stress in liver as suggested by previous studies. Erdosteine seems to be protective agent on the radiocontrast media‐induced liver toxicity by inhibiting the production of ROS via the enzymatic antioxidant system. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Appraisal of catalysts for the hydrolysis of carbon disulfide
Authors: Tong S. , Dalla Lana I. G. , Chuang K. T. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIndustrial alumina‐ and titania‐based catalysts were tested for CS2 hydrolysis in a Berty reactor. Activated bauxite is the most active catalyst below 290°C and titanium oxide above 290°C. TGA experiments examining water desorption from 50°C to 550°C showed complete desorption from titania by 300°C and continuous desorption even beyond 550°C for alumina and bauxite. Using the Kelvin equation to predict capillary condensation over the range of pore sizes of these catalysts, condensation of water vapour should be negligible but for sulfur vapour considerable blocking of pores is predicted for alumina. Much of the internal area of aluminas may thus become inaccessible to vapor molecules. These observations suggest why alumina‐based catalysts exhibit lower activity for CS2 and COS hydrolysis in modified Claus plant reactors.
Extractive fermentation systems for organic acids production
Authors: Hatzinikolaou Dimitrios G. , Wang Henry Y. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBasic characteristics of on‐line extractive fermentation of organic acids were examined using a general model for the integrated process in order to illustrate the effects of various process parameters and operational modes on system performance. The strong pH dependence of both the fermentation kinetics and the extraction efficiency has been outlined and taken into account by inclusion of a model equation which predicts the pH profile. Simulation results using data from butyric acid fermentations show that our complete model system is adequate to evaluate different operational modes of the process, including simple batch fermentation, batch or fed‐batch fermentation with extractive recycle, and continuous fermentation with extractive recycle. In the case where a second undesired acidic byproduct is also produced, our model predictions suggest that on‐line extractive fermentation using a suitable solvent results in an effective gross separation of the two acids.
The effects of arsenic and lead impurities on the current efficiency and deposit composition in alkaline zinc electrowinning
Authors: Hu Mao Pu , Piron Dominique L. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe influence of lead and arsenic impurities on zinc deposition, current efficiency and deposit composition was examined in the alkaline zinc electrowinning system. It was observed that lead slightly decreases the current efficiency of zinc deposition, and that the detrimental effect on zinc current efficiency which was observed with arsenic was largely suppressed in the presence of lead. This beneficial effect is related to the fact that the arsenic content of the deposit decreased when lead was present in the electrolyte. It was also found that arsenic promotes the deposition of lead. Tin has no effect on the current efficiency of zinc deposition in alkaline solutions, with or without arsenic. The addition of salicylaldehyde to the solution alleviates the deleterious influence of arsenic on zinc current efficiency, but it somewhat increases the cell voltage.
Effect of alumina content on surface area and micropore distribution of porous glass prepared from borosilicate glass
Authors: Takahashi Takeshige , Go‐Fua Cai , Ogura Yoshikazh , Kai Takami 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe surface area and micropore distribution of porous glass prepared from borosilicate glass were controlled by the addition of alumina up to 8 wt%. The surface area increased with increased alumina content in the range from 0 to 3 wt%, but it suddenly decreased when the percent alumina exceeded 4 wt%. The mean pore diameter and micropore volume also decreased with increased alumina content. When nickel ion was supported into the porous glass, the surface area decreased to about one‐half that of the original glass. Since the amount of nickel supported on the porous glass increased directly with surface area, the silanol group was considered to be uniformly distributed on the glass.
Analyse par traitement d'images du dépôt de particules projetées par un jet gazeux sur une surface plane
Authors: Lédé J. , Cifuentes C. , Pons M. N. , Villermaux J. , Marcant S. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractLe présent article a pour objet l'étude expérimentale du dépǒt de particules projetées par un jet gazeux sur une surface plane horizontale. La répartition granulométrique locale des particules déposées est analysée par une technique d'analyse d'images. Les mesures sont effectuées avec différents lots de particules et sous diverses conditions expérimentales. Les valeurs des distances d'arrět sont regroupées dans une représentation adimensionelle en fonction d'un nombre de Stokes St0 défini en sortie de buse. La finesse de la séparation granulométrique observée dans le dépǒt est enfin évaluée en fonction d'un paramètre de dispersion J.
The catalytic oxidative coupling of methane: I. Comparison of experimental performance data from various types of reactor
Authors: Do K. T. , Edwards J. H. , Tyler R. J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe methane oxidative coupling performance of a fixed‐bed reactor was successfully translated to a bubbling fluidised‐bed reactor and this reaction mode was superior to spouted‐bed, inclined and mechanically‐agitated fluidised‐bed units. Also, a two‐stage bubbling fluidised‐bed reactor with inter‐stage addition of oxygen had the same performance as the single‐stage unit, for the same total oxygen input, over a wide range of operating conditions. Overall the bubbling fluidised‐bed is preferred, catalytic reactions dominate over non‐catalytic gas phase reactions in determining the reactor performance, the gas phase exhibited plug‐flow behaviour and the performance was independent of the gas phase oxygen partial pressure for a given oxygen input. The best hydrocarbon yield achieved in this study was 19.4%.
Diffusion coefficient of hydrogen in a Pd‐Ag membrane: Effect of hydrogen solubility
Authors: Jemaa N. , Grandjean B. P. A. , Kaliaguine S. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe permeabilities of hydrogen through a Pd75‐Ag25membrane have been measured at temperatures ranging from 423 to 573 K and under hydrogen pressure differences ranging from 69 to 256 kPa. From the available literature solubility data a neural network model has been developed in order to simulate the variation of the hydrogen content in the alloy as a function of pressure and temperature. Then, from steady state permeability measurements and calculated solubilities, the diffusion coefficients of hydrogen have been computed. At a given temperature, the diffusion coefficient has been found to decrease with the hydrogen content (0.1 ≤n= H/M ≤ 0.37). A simple relation is then suggested to predict the variation of the diffusion coefficient on both temperature and hydrogen content. To account for the variation of the diffusion coefficient with n, the integration of Fick's law of diffusion has been performed numerically, resulting in non‐linear profile of hydrogen content through the membrane under steady state permeation.
Hydrodynamics of a gas‐liquid‐solid three phase circulating fluidized bed
Authors: Liang W. , Wu Q. , Yu Z. , Jin Y. , Wang Z. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe hydrodynamics of a gas‐liquid‐solid circulating fluidized bed was investigated. A new regime, the three phase circulating fluidization regime, was discovered for the first time. The characteristics of this regime were compared with that of the conventional fluidization regime and the transport regime. The particle circulation rate and the gas and solids holdups in circulating fluidization regime were studied.