bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Gradual Substitution of CaO by SrO in Glass-Ceramic Materials of the System SiO2 - Al2O3 - CaF2 - RO (R = Ca, Mg, Sr)
Authors: Garza-García M. , López-Cuevas J. , Gutiérrez-Chavarría C.A. , Piedad-Sánchez N. , Camporredondo-Saucedo E. , Hernández-Ibarra O. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTThe density, Vickers microhardness and crystallization fraction of glass-ceramic materials synthesized from parent glasses are determined in which CaO is gradually substituted by SrO. The chemical composition (in mol.%) of the parent glasses is 54SiO2-(23-X)CaO-12MgO-5Al2O3-6CaF2-XSrO, where X is the employed CaO substitution level (X = 0, 3, 6 and 9 mol.%, with X = 0 corresponding to the reference material). In order to determine the type of crystallization occurring in the glass-ceramic samples, as well as the crystalline phases formed in them, these are characterized by both Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM/EDS) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Independently of the CaO substitution level employed, the glass-ceramics show the formation of a solid solution corresponding to diopside-type pyroxene, with chemical formula Ca(Mg,Al)(Al,Si)2O6, as a single crystalline phase. The synthesized glass-ceramic materials with the reference composition show the highest Vickers microhardness and crystallization fraction, as well as the lowest density.
Mechanical properties and microstructure of low carbon ultra-high strength steels (UHSS) microalloyed with boron
Authors: Mejía I. , García de la Rosa A. , Bedolla-Jacuinde A. , Cabrera J.M. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTThe aim of this research work is to study the effect of boron addition on mechanical properties and microstructure of a new family of low carbon NiCrVCu advanced high strength steels (AHSS). Experimental steels are thermo-mechanically processed (TMP) (hot-rolled+quenched). Results show that the microstructure of these steels contains bainite and martensite, predominantly, which nucleate along prior austenite grain boundaries (GB). On the other hand, tensile tests reveal that the TMP steels have YS (0.2% offset) of 978 MPa, UTS of 1140 MPa and EL of 18%. On the basis of exhibited microstructure and mechanical properties, these experimental steels are classified as bainitic-martensitic complex phase (CP) advanced ultra-high strength steels (UHSS).
Effect of Hydrogen on Mechanical Properties of Aluminum AA 6061 Alloy Hardened by Precipitation
Authors: Doñu Ruiz M. A. , Cortés Suárez V. J. , López Perrusquia N. , Rosado Cruz L. D. , Valencia Jara F. de J. , Altamirano Torres A. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTThe present work reports on the effect of hydrogen on mechanical properties of aluminum AA 6061 hardened by precipitation. Test specimens are solution treated in an electric induction furnace at 803 K during 1 hour and then precipitation hardened during 4 hours at 423, 448 and 473 K. The heat treated specimens are subjected to a hydrogen cathodic charging process during 0, 24 and 96 hours and then tested under monotonic uniaxial tensile loading according to ASTM E8-03. Scanning electron microscopy characterization of tensile fracture surfaces reveals that hydrogen charging of precipitation hardened specimens enhances intergranular cracking by microvoid coalescence and intragranular cleavage fracture. The results show that, although hydrogen charging causes embrittlement of precipitation hardened aluminum AA 6061, the effect is a function of time; short time cathodic charging increases the ductility of the alloy.
Rotating Bending Fatigue Endurance and Effect of Controlled Corrosion on the AISI-SAE 6063-T5 Aluminum Alloy.
Authors: Domínguez Almaraz G. M. , Ávila Ambriz J. L. , Cadenas Calderón E. , Villalón López J. J. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTRotating bending fatigue test are carried out on the aluminum alloy 6063-T5 for corroded and non corroded specimens. Special attention is devoted to fatigue endurance reduction caused by controlled surface corrosion on corroded specimens. Corrosion attack is implemented by submersion of specimens in an acid solution for: two, four and six minutes in order to induce three degrees of surface corrosion. The corrosion agent is a solution of hydrochloric acid with a PH close to 0.8 and solution concentration of 38%. Rotating bending fatigue tests at frequency of 50 Hz, room temperature and without environmental humidity control are carried out on 4 types of specimens: without corrosion and 2, 4, and 6 minutes immersed in the solution of hydrochloric acid. Results are analyzed regarding the corrosion effect on fatigue endurance and conclusion are enlisted concerning rotating bending fatigue tests and corrosion attack on this aluminum alloy.
Targeted Therapy in the Management of Advanced Gastric Cancer: Are We Making Progress in the Era of Personalized Medicine?
Authors: Wong Hilda , Yau Thomas 
Published: February 2012

Abstract

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to:Identify the subset of advanced gastric cancer patients who might benefit from approved anti-HER2 therapy.Explain the cellular signaling pathways and the biological rationale of novel targeted agents in the management of advanced gastric cancer.
CME This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.com

Background.
Gastric cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death. With greater understanding of the molecular basis of carcinogenesis, targeted agents have led to a modest improvement in the outcome of advanced gastric cancer (AGC) patients.

Methods and Results.
We conducted an overview of the published evidence regarding the use of targeted therapy in AGC patients. Thus far, the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) pathway, angiogenic pathway, and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)–Akt–mammalian target of rapamycin pathway have emerged as potential avenues for targeted therapy in AGC patients. The promising efficacy results of the Trastuzumab for Gastric Cancer trial led to the approved use of trastuzumab-based therapy as first-line treatment for patients with HER-2+ AGC. On the other hand, the Avastin® in Gastric Cancer trial evaluating bevacizumab in combination with chemotherapy did not meet its primary endpoint of a longer overall survival duration despite a significantly higher response rate and longer progression-free survival time in patients in the bevacizumab arm. Phase III data are awaited for other targeted agents, including cetuximab, panitumumab, lapatinib, and everolimus.

Conclusion.
Recent progress in targeted therapy development for AGC has been modest. Further improvement in the outcome of AGC patients will depend on the identification of biomarkers in different patient populations to facilitate the understanding of gastric carcinogenesis, combining different targeted agents with chemotherapy, and unraveling new molecular targets for therapeutic intervention.
Outpatient Use of Low Molecular Weight Heparin Monotherapy for First-Line Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism in Advanced Cancer
Authors: Delate Thomas , Witt Daniel M. , Ritzwoller Debra , Weeks Jane C. , Kushi Lawrence , Hornbrook Mark C. , Aiello Bowles Erin J. , Schrag Deborah 
Published: February 2012

Abstract

Background.
Evidence-based treatment guidelines recommend low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) monotherapy for cancer-associated venous thromboembolism (VTE). This analysis assessed the first-line treatment strategies for VTE in patients with advanced solid tumors.

Methods.
Using administrative data from advanced lung, prostate, colon, or breast cancer patients diagnosed between January 2000 and December 2007 at four HMOs with integrated delivery systems, patients with an inpatient or outpatient VTE diagnosed within 2 years after cancer diagnosis and an outpatient purchase of warfarin, LMWH, and/or fondaparinux anticoagulant within 7 days of the VTE diagnosis were identified. First-line outpatient VTE pharmacological treatment and factors independently associated with receipt/non-receipt of LMWH monotherapy were assessed.

Results.
Overall, 25% of the 1,089 eligible patients received LMWH monotherapy as primary VTE treatment. The percentage increased steadily over time from 18% among patients diagnosed in 2000 to 31% among those diagnosed in 2007. Factors associated with LMWH monotherapy included VTE diagnosis year, chemotherapy within 60 days prior to VTE diagnosis, history of VTE prior to cancer diagnosis, and invasive surgery in the 90 days following VTE diagnosis. Colorectal and prostate cancer patients versus lung cancer patients and stage III versus stage IV patients were less likely to be treated with LMWH monotherapy.

Conclusions.
Adoption of LMWH monotherapy as initial treatment for cancer-associated VTE was low but increased steadily over the study period. Future studies should explore reasons underlying the underutilization of this preferred evidence-based treatment as well as the comparative effectiveness of LMWH versus warfarin-based anticoagulation in real-world cancer patients with VTE.
Smoking Cessation Counseling Beliefs and Behaviors of Outpatient Oncology Providers
Authors: Weaver Kathryn E. , Danhauer Suzanne C. , Tooze Janet A. , Blackstock A. William , Spangler John , Thomas Leslie , Sutfin Erin L. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractLearning ObjectivesAfter completing this course, the reader will be able to:Describe current smoking cessation assessment and counseling behaviors of outpatient oncology providers.Identify key barriers to providing smoking cessation services identified by oncology providers.Describe available resources for enhancing training in smoking cessation counseling.CME This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.comPurpose.Many cancer patients continue to smoke after diagnosis, increasing their risk for treatment complications, reduced treatment efficacy, secondary cancers, and reduced survival. Outpatient oncology providers may not be using the “teachable moment” of cancer diagnosis to provide smoking cessation assistance.Providers and Methods.Physicians and midlevel providers (n = 74) who provide outpatient oncology services completed an online survey regarding smoking cessation counseling behaviors, beliefs, and perceived barriers. Outpatient medical records for 120 breast, lung, head and neck, colon, prostate, and acute leukemia cancer patients were reviewed to assess current smoking cessation assessment and intervention documentation practices.Results.Providers reported commonly assessing smoking in new patients (82.4% frequently or always), but rates declined at subsequent visits for both current smokers and recent quitters. Rates of advising patients to quit smoking were also high (86.5% frequently or always), but &lt;30% of providers reported frequently or always providing intervention to smoking patients (e.g., nicotine replacement therapy or other medications, self-help materials, and/or referrals). Only 30% of providers reported that they frequently or always followed up with patients to assess progress with quitting. Few providers (18.1%) reported high levels of confidence in their ability to counsel smoking patients. Patients' lack of motivation was identified as the most important barrier to smoking cessation.Conclusions.Although beliefs about providing cessation services to smoking patients were generally positive, few providers reported commonly providing interventions beyond advice to quit. Additional training and clinic-based interventions may improve adherence to tobacco cessation practice guidelines in the outpatient oncology setting.
Assessing the status and trend of bat populations across broad geographic regions with dynamic distribution models
Authors: Rodhouse Thomas J. , Ormsbee Patricia C. , Irvine Kathryn M. , Vierling Lee A. , Szewczak Joseph M. , Vierling Kerri T. 
Published: February 2012

Bats face unprecedented threats from habitat loss, climate change, disease, and wind power development, and populations of many species are in decline. A better ability to quantify bat population status and trend is urgently needed in order to develop effective conservation strategies. We used a Bayesian autoregressive approach to develop dynamic distribution models for Myotis lucifugus, the little brown bat, across a large portion of northwestern USA, using a four‐year detection history matrix obtained from a regional monitoring program. This widespread and abundant species has experienced precipitous local population declines in northeastern USA resulting from the novel disease white‐nose syndrome, and is facing likely range‐wide declines. Our models were temporally dynamic and accounted for imperfect detection. Drawing on species–energy theory, we included measures of net primary productivity (NPP) and forest cover in models, predicting that M. lucifugus occurrence probabilities would covary positively along those gradients.Despite its common status, M. lucifugus was only detected during ∼50% of the surveys in occupied sample units. The overall naïve estimate for the proportion of the study region occupied by the species was 0.69, but after accounting for imperfect detection, this increased to ∼0.90. Our models provide evidence of an association between NPP and forest cover and M. lucifugus distribution, with implications for the projected effects of accelerated climate change in the region, which include net aridification as snowpack and stream flows decline. Annual turnover, the probability that an occupied sample unit was a newly occupied one, was estimated to be low (∼0.04–0.14), resulting in flat trend estimated with relatively high precision (SD = 0.04). We mapped the variation in predicted occurrence probabilities and corresponding prediction uncertainty along the productivity gradient. Our results provide a much needed baseline against which future anticipated declines in M. lucifugus occurrence can be measured. The dynamic distribution modeling approach has broad applicability to regional bat monitoring efforts now underway in several countries and we suggest ways to improve and expand our grid‐based monitoring program to gain robust insights into bat population status and trend across large portions of North America.
Clinical Management of Food-Insecure Individuals With Diabetes
Authors: López Andrea , Seligman Hilary K. 
Published: February 2012

In BriefMore than 14% of the U.S. population is food-insecure or at risk of running out of money for food. Food-insecure adults are at high risk for diabetes, and food-insecure adults with diabetes are at high risk for both hyper- and hypoglycemia. The clinical management of food-insecure individuals with diabetes can be challenging, but referrals to food resources, nutrition counseling that recognizes the challenges of food insecurity, smoking cessation support, and appropriate treatment of hypoglycemia may help these individuals reduce both hyper- and hypoglycemia. It is appropriate to screen individuals with diabetes who are receiving care in safety-net settings for food insecurity.
Language and Health Care
Authors: Partida Yolanda 
Published: February 2012

In Brief
Shared language between patients and health care providers enables gathering information to arrive at diagnoses, explaining treatment strategies, and ensuring understanding and joint decision-making. This article reviews the history of language diversity in the United States and the effects of language on immigrant integration and health literacy. It offers lessons for health communication and proposes that truly effective health communication with minorities of different languages involves more than merely language concordance.
Interventions to Increase Access to Care and Quality of Care for Women With Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Owens-Gary Michelle D. , Ware Joan 
Published: February 2012

In Brief
Women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and their offspring have a lifelong risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Appropriate diagnosis and documentation are needed to ensure that these women receive interventions to reduce that risk. This article describes efforts of the multistate GDM Collaborative program to better understand GDM prevalence data, identify gaps in data quality and documented care, and develop interventions to improve access and postpartum follow-up care. It highlights the documentation and intervention efforts of two GDM Collaborative states and emphasizes the need for other states to replicate these efforts.
Social Determinants of Health in Minority Populations: A Call for Multidisciplinary Approaches to Eliminate Diabetes-Related Health Disparities
Authors: Jack Leonard , Jack Nkenge H. , Hayes Sandra C. 
Published: February 2012

In Brief
This article explores current discourse regarding the limitations of linear approaches to addressing diabetes prevention and control typically reported in efficacy investigations. The authors discuss the need for health professionals to understand the link between social determinants of health and health outcomes. They define social determinants of health, provide examples, and discuss how these social determinants affect minority health. This information can lead to the adoption of nontraditional strategies that involve the use of nontraditional partners and the identification of opportunities for improving or preventing negative health outcomes in communities affected by inequitable conditions.
Effect of Caries Infiltration Technique and Fluoride Therapy on Microhardness of Enamel Carious Lesions
Authors: Torres CRG , Rosa PCF , Ferreira NS , Borges A B 
Published: February 2012

SUMMARY
Enamel white spot subsurface lesions compromise esthetics and precede cavitation; therefore, they must be halted. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a caries infiltration technique and fluoride therapy on the microhardness of enamel carious lesions. Subsurface carious lesions were produced in 60 bovine specimens with polished enamel surfaces. The specimens were divided into four groups (n=15), according to the treatment used: CON, control—immersion in artificial saliva; DF, daily 0.05% fluoride solution; WF, weekly 2% fluoride gel; and IC, resin infiltration (Icon). The specimens were kept in artificial saliva and evaluated for microhardness at five points: baseline, after caries production, after four and eight weeks of treatment, and a final evaluation after being submitted to a new acid challenge. The repeated-measures analysis of variance showed significant differences according to the type of treatment (TREAT; p=0.001) and time of evaluation (EV; p=0.001). The results of the Tukey test were TREAT: CON = 45.18 (±29.17)a, DF = 107.75 (±67.38)b, WF = 83.25 (±51.17)c, and IC = 160.83 (±91.11)d. Analysis of correlation between the TREAT and EV factors showed no significant differences for DF (138.63 ± 38.94) and IC (160.99 ± 46.13) after the new acid challenge. The microhardness results in decreasing order after eight weeks were IC &gt; DF &gt; WF &gt; CON. It was concluded that the microhardness of carious lesions increased with the infiltration of resin, while the final microhardness after a new acid challenge was similar for DF and IC.
Extraordinary magnetoresistance: sensing the future
Authors: Hewett Thomas , Kusmartsev Feodor 
Published: February 2012

AbstractSimulations utilising the finite element method (FEM) have been produced in order to investigate aspects of circular extraordinary magnetoresistance (EMR) devices. The effect of three specific features on the resultant magnetoresistance were investigated: the ratio of the metallic to semiconducting conductivities (σ M/σ S); the semiconductor mobility; and the introduction of an intermediate region at the semiconductormetal interface in order to simulate a contact resistance. In order to obtain a large EMR effect the conductivity ratio (σ M/σ S) is required to be larger than two orders of magnitude; below this critical value the resultant magnetoresistance effect is dramatically reduced. Large mobility semiconductors exhibit larger EMR values for a given field (below saturation) and reduce the magnetic field required to produce saturation of the magnetoresistance. This is due to a larger Hall angle produced at a given magnetic field and is consistent with the mechanism of the EMR effect. Since practical magnetic field sensors are required to operate at low magnetic fields, high mobility semiconductors are required in the production of more sensitive EMR sensors. The formation of a Schottky barrier at the semiconductor-metal interface has been modelled with the introduction of a contact resistance at the semiconductor-metal interface. Increasing values of contact resistance are found to reduce the EMR effect with it disappearing altogether for large values. This has been shown explicitly by looking at the current flow in the system and is consistent with the mechanism of the EMR effect. The interface resistance was used to fit the simulated model to existing experimental data. The best fit occurred with an interface with resistivity of 1.55×10−4 m (overestimate). The EMR effect holds great potential with regard to its future application to magnetic field sensors. The design of any such devices should incorporate high mobility materials (such as graphene) along with the specific features presented in this paper in order to produce effective magnetic field sensors.
Multi-Vehicle Planning using RRT-Connect*
Authors: Kala Rahul , Warwick Kevin 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe problem of planning multiple vehicles deals with the design of an effective algorithm that can cause multiple autonomous vehicles on the road to communicate and generate a collaborative optimal travel plan. Our modelling of the problem considers vehicles to vary greatly in terms of both size and speed, which makes it sub-optimal to have a faster vehicle follow a slower vehicle or for vehicles to drive with predefined speed lanes. It is essential to have a fast planning algorithm whilst still being probabilistically complete. The Rapidly Exploring Random Trees (RRT) algorithm developed and reported on here uses a problem specific coordination axis, a local optimization algorithm, priority based coordination, and a module for deciding travel speeds. Vehicles are assumed to remain in their current relative position laterally on the road unless otherwise instructed. Experimental results presented here show regular driving behaviours, namely vehicle following, overtaking, and complex obstacle avoidance. The ability to showcase complex behaviours in the absence of speed lanes is characteristic of the solution developed.
Optimizing Coverage Performance of Multiple Random Path-planning Robots
Authors: Habib Md Ahsan , Alam M.S. , Siddique N.H. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
This paper presents a new approach to the multi-agent coverage path-planning problem. An efficient multi-robot coverage algorithm yields a coverage path for each robot, such that the union of all paths generates an almost full coverage of the terrain and the total coverage time is minimized. The proposed algorithm enables multiple robots with limited sensor capabilities to perform efficient coverage on a shared territory. Each robot is assigned to an exclusive route which enables it to carry out its tasks simultaneously, e.g., cleaning assigned floor area with minimal path overlapping. It is very difficult to cover all free space without visiting some locations more than once, but the occurrence of such events can be minimized with efficient algorithms. The proposed multi-robot coverage strategy directs a number of simple robots to cover an unknown area in a systematic manner. This is based on footprint data left by the randomized path-planning robots previously operated on that area. The developed path-planning algorithm has been applied to a simulated environment and robots to verify its effectiveness and performance in such an application.