bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular characterization of a novel, de novo, cryptic interstitial deletion on 19p13.3 in a child with a cutis aplasia and multiple congenital anomalies
Authors: Al‐Kateb Hussam , Hahn Amanda , Gastier‐Foster Julie M. , Jeng Linda , McCandless Shawn E. , Curtis Christine A. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe report on a de novo constitutional deletion within G‐band region 19p13.3 in a girl with cutis aplasia of the scalp, facial anomalies, structural heart abnormalities, hypotonia, mild mental retardation and conductive hearing loss which we characterized with chromosomal microarray, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and SNP analyses. Initial microarray analysis revealed a 6‐BAC‐clone deletion covering an approximately 1.612 Mb region within 19p13.3. Subsequent BAC FISH studies delineated the proximal deletion breakpoint to within BAC clone RP11‐125C3 and the distal deletion breakpoint to within BAC clone RP11‐648B14. SNP analysis showed the deletion to be of paternal origin and further refined its distal breakpoint to within a 20 kb region between rs11666694 and novel SNP2 that we identified at g.2,924,845, and its proximal deletion breakpoint to within a 22 kb region between rs35280644 and rs262562. Accordingly, the size of the deletion was revised to 1.89–1.932 Mb in length. We identified many Alu, L1, and L2 repeats, as well as SINE and LINE sequences at both deletion breakpoints. We found the deletion to encompass 71 genes, two of which appear to be good candidates for the patient's observed craniofacial and cardiac anomalies: guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha 11 (Gq class)(GNA11), and Transducin‐like Enhancer of Split 2 (E(sp1) homolog, Drosophila)(TLE2). © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An investigation into the influence of electrospinning parameters on the diameter and alignment of poly(hydroxybutyrate‐co‐hydroxyvalerate) fibers
Authors: Tong Ho‐Wang , Wang Min 
Published: December 2010

AbstractElectrospinning is an effective technology for the fabrication of ultrafine fibers, which can be the basic component of a tissue engineering scaffold. In tissue engineering, because cells seeded on fibrous scaffolds with varying fiber diameters and morphologies exhibit different responses, it is critical to control these characteristics of electrospun fibers. The diameter and morphology of electrospun fibers can be influenced by many processing parameters (e.g., electrospinning voltage, needle inner diameter, solution feeding rate, rotational speed of the fiber‐collecting cylinder, and working distance) and solution properties (polymer solution concentration and conductivity). In this study, a factorial design approach was used to systematically investigate the degree of influence of each of these parameters on fiber diameter, degree of fiber alignment, and their possible synergetic effects, using a natural biodegradable polymer, poly(hydroxybutyrate‐co‐hydroxyvalerate), for the electrospinning experiments. It was found that the solution concentration invoked the highest main effect on fiber diameter, whereas both rotational speed of the fiber‐collecting cylinder and addition of a conductivity‐enhancing salt could significantly affect the degree of fiber alignment. By carefully controlling the electrospinning parameters and solution properties, fibrous scaffolds of desired characteristics could be made to meet the requirements of different tissue engineering applications. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
A study on compatibility of polymer blends of polystyrene/poly(4‐vinylpyridine)
Authors: Parashar Pratima , Ramakrishna K. , Ramaprasad A. T. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBlends of polystyrene/poly (4‐vinylpyridine) have been prepared by casting from a common solvent. The compatibility of the blends was studied by using dilute solution viscometry (DSV), differential scanning calorimetery (DSC), Fourier transformation‐infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The relative viscosity versus composition plots for the blends are not perfect linear. The corresponding intrinsic viscosity values show negative deviation from ideal behavior when plotted against composition. Also, the modified Krigbaum and Wall interaction parameter, Δb, shows small and negative values for all compositions except for the blend PS/P4VP (25 : 75). The results indicate that the polymers are incompatible but small interaction values predict physically miscible blends which eventually show phase separation, as is observed in the present studies. However, the blends as obtained show a single, composition‐dependent, glass transition temperature that fits the Fox equation well, indicating the presence of homogeneous phase. The constant, k obtained from Gordon‐Taylor equation suggests intermolecular attraction between these polymers. FT‐IR and SEM support the results of DSV and DSC. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Synthesis and characterization of conducting copolymers of quinoxaline derivatives
Authors: Turac Ersen , Sahmetlioglu Ertugrul , Toppare Levent , Yuruk Huseyin 
Published: December 2010

AbstractElectrochemical copolymerizations of 2,3‐di(2‐thienyl)quinoxaline (M1), 6‐methyl‐2,3‐di(2‐thienyl)quinoxaline (M2), and 2,3‐di(2‐thienyl)quinoxaline‐6‐yl)(phenyl)methanone (M3) with 3,4‐ethylenedioxy thiophene (EDOT) were carried out in CH3CN/TBABF4 (0.1M) solvent‐electrolyte couple via potentiodynamic electrolysis. The obtained copolymers were characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetry analyses (TGA). The conductivity measurements of copolymers and PEDOT were performed by the four‐probe technique. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Intracellular polysaccharide and its antioxidant activity byCordyceps militarisSU‐08
Authors: Fan Keming , Meng Guangyuan , Zhou Bo , Deng Peng , Liu Xiaonan , Jia Le , Wang Guoyi , Wang Li , Zhang Jianjun 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe extraction conditions of intracellular polysaccharide fromCordyceps militarisSU‐08 mycelia in submerged culture were investigated. Four parameters affecting the IPS extraction were determined by Plackett‐Burman (PB) tests and then optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). The optimum conditions of IPS extraction were predicted to be, ultrasonic treatment number 61.45, ultrasonic power 543.64 W, ethanol multiple 3.28, and extraction temperature 82.61°C, and the extraction rate of IPS was estimated at 9.11%. The actual value of IPS under these conditions was 9.19%. Thein vitroantioxidant results showed that the inhibition effects of IPS at a dosage of 5 g L−1on hydroxyl, superoxide anion, and 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical were 51.89% ± 3.27%, 82.26% ± 5.03%, and 74.59% ± 4.53%, respectively, which were 32.98% ± 2.71%, 69.71% ± 4.24%, and 41.64% ± 3.28% higher than that of control, respectively. The reducing power of IPS was 0.79 ± 0.03 (absorbance at 700 nm), 11.27% ± 0.82% higher than that of control. The results provide a reference for large‐scale extraction of IPS byC. militarisSU‐08 in industrial fermentation and the IPS can be used as a potential antioxidant which enhances adaptive immune responses. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Multiwalled carbon nantoubes‐reinforced poly(hydroxyaminoether) prepared by one pot graft‐from method
Authors: Tang Tian , Shi Zixing 
Published: December 2010

AbstractMultiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs)‐reinforced poly(hydroxyaminoether) (PHAE) was fabricated via one pot graft‐from method. The modification of MWNTs and in situ polymerization of PHAE were combined in one reaction pot without interruption for the purification of modified carbon nanotubes. Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Raman spectra clearly indicated that PHAE was successfully attached to the surface of MWNTs via esterification reaction between epoxy and carboxylic acid from MWNTs. Tensile tests showed that the tensile strength and modulus of PHAE/MWNTs composites were improved compared with that of pristine PHAE. Moreover, the reinforcing effect of one pot graft‐from method was found to be better than that of graft‐to method. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some cross‐linked copolymers with alkyl chains of various lengths
Authors: Zhang Yuhong , Li Xiaohong , Dong Qinzheng , He Peixin 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAmphoteric polymer hydrogels were prepared by the copolymerization of three kinds of N,N′‐dimethyl‐N‐alkylmethacryloxylethyl ammoniumbromide (DMAEA) with different lengths of alkyl chains (DMAEA‐RB) (R‐ehtyl/hexyl/dodecyl), acrylic acid (AA), and acrylamide (AM). The water content of the AA‐AM‐(DMAEA‐RB) terpolymers decreased with the increasing length of alkyl chains in quaternary ammonium group in the terpolymers and increased with the increasing molar ratio of DMAEA‐RB to 2 mol % and then decreased. Their antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus hyicus were investigated by a colony count method. It was found that the copolymer exhibited higher antibacterial activity with increasing chain length of alkyl groups in ammonium groups. For P[AA‐AM‐(DMAEA‐DB)], the DMAEA‐DB content is higher and contact time is longer, its antibacterial activity is better. However, when the contact time and quaternary ammonium content were above 30 min and 2%, respectively, the amount of live cells N(t) in a cell suspension increased in the presence of P[AA‐AM‐(DMAEA‐EB)] or P[AA‐AM‐(DMAEA‐HB)]. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Synthesis of a new type poly(vinyl alcohol)/peat/bamboo charcoal/KNO3 composite bead used as biofilter material
Authors: Chan Wu‐Chung , Chang Shih‐Cheng 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA new type poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/peat/bamboo charcoal (BC)/KNO3 composite bead was prepared, which has a diameter of 2.4–6.0 mm and a density of 1.133 g/cm3 and is a porous spherical particle. The biochemical kinetic behaviors of n‐butyl acetate in PVA/peat/BC/KNO3 spherical composite bead biofilter (BC biofilter) and PVA/peat/granular activated carbon (GAC)/KNO3 spherical composite bead biofilter (GAC biofilter) were investigated. The values of half‐saturation constant Ks for BC biofilter and GAC biofilter were 27.89 and 27.95 ppm, respectively. The values of maximum reaction rate Vm for BC biofilter and GAC biofilter were 13.49 and 13.65 ppm/s, respectively. Zero‐order kinetic with the diffusion limitation was regarded as the most adequate biochemical reaction model for the two biofilters. The microbial growth rate and biochemical reaction rate for two biofilters were inhibited at higher inlet concentration, and the degree of inhibitive effect was more pronounced in the inlet concentration range of 100–800 ppm. The biochemical kinetic behaviors of the two biofilters were similar. The maximum elimination capacity of BC biofilter and GAC biofilter were 111.65 and 122.67 g C/h m3 bed volume, respectively. The PVA/peat/BC/KNO3 composite bead was suitable as a biofilter material. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
The influence of cross‐linking reaction on the mechanical and thermal properties of polyarylene ether nitrile
Authors: Meng Fanbin , Zhong Jiachun , Chen Yuanwei , Liu Xiaobo 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe processing of cross‐linked polyarylene ether nitrile (PEN), which has a triazine rings structure, has been investigated under different reaction times and temperatures. In this study, the PEN films prepared by the tape‐casting formed the thermally stable triazine rings by catalytic cross‐linking reaction gradually, which was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The chemical cross‐linking reaction occurred as the CN group absorption of PEN at 2221 cm−1 decreased and a new absorption peak, at 1682 cm−1, was observed, and the absorption peak intensity would be progressively larger, with the extension of the processing time. After the formation of cross‐linking networks, the cross‐linking degree and thermal and mechanical properties of the processed films were improved substantially, compared with the untreated films. The film with added ZnCl2 as the catalyst was more rapidly cross‐linked, and its properties were better than that without catalyst at the same treatment conditions. The glass‐transition temperature (Tg) of PEN films processed at 350°C for 4 h (213.65°C) was higher than that of PEN films before the treatment (161°C), and the tensile strength was also improved significantly. The PEN was processed at 350°C for 2 h, whose initial decomposition temperature increases by about 10°C, compared with that of untreated film, at one time. The rheology behavior of the cross‐linked films was processed on dynamic rheometer to monitor and track the process of polymer cross‐linking reaction. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Synthesis, physical properties, and characterization of starch‐based blend films by adding nano‐sized TiO2/poly(methyl metacrylate‐co‐acrylamide)
Authors: Yun Yeon‐Hum , Hwang Kyung‐Jun , Wee Young‐Jung , Yoon Soon‐Do 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to improve the physical properties and to expand the application range of starch‐based blend films added nano‐sized TiO2/poly(methyl methacrylate‐co‐acrylamide) (PMMA‐co‐AM). Starch‐based blend films were prepared by using corn starch, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), nano‐sized PMMA‐co‐AM, nano‐sized TiO2/PMMA‐co‐AM particles, and additives, i.e., glycerol (GL) and citric acid (CA). Nano‐sized PMMA‐co‐AM was synthesized by emulsion polymerization and TiO2 nanoparticles were also prepared by using sol–gel method. Nano‐sized TiO2/PMMA‐co‐AM particles were synthesized by wet milling for 48 h. The morphology and crystallinity of TiO2, nano‐sized PMMA‐co‐AM and TiO2/PMMA‐co‐AM particles were investigated by using the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X‐ray diffractometer (XRD). In addition, the functional groups of the TiO2/PMMA‐co‐AM particles were characterized by IR spectrophotometry (FTIR). The physical properties such as tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (%E), degree of swelling (DS), and solubility (S) of starch‐based films were evaluated. It was found that the adding of nano‐sized particles can greatly improve the physical properties of the prepared films. The photocatalytic degradability of starch/PVA/nano‐sized TiO2/PMMA‐co‐AM composite films was evaluated using methylene blue (MB) and acetaldehyde (ATA) as photodegradation target under UV and visible light. The degree of decomposition (C/C0) of MB and ATA for the films containing TiO2 and CA was 0.506 and 0.088 under UV light irradiation and 0.586 (MB) and 0.631 (ATA) under visible light irradiation, respectively. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Tissue and developmental expression of SRAM, an unconventional Rel‐family protein
Authors: Shiraishi Hirohisa , Tanji Takahiro , Natori Shunji , Ohashi‐Kobayashi Ayako 
Published: December 2010

AbstractPreviously we have reported the purification and cDNA cloning of a novel Rel/Ankyrin‐family protein named SRAM from the flesh fly, Sarcophaga peregrina. Rel proteins generally translocate into the nucleus upon immune stimuli by dissociating from an inhibitory ankyrin domain, while SRAM is unique in terms of its constitutive nuclear localization with its internal ankyrin domain accompanied, at least in a Sarcophaga cell line and fat body cells. Although SRAM had been originally identified as a sole factor that binds to the κB motif of the inducible Sarcophaga lectin gene promoter, its transcriptional activity remained controversial. Moreover, homologues of SRAM have not been found in any other established model organisms including Drosophila. Here we report that the developmental expression of SRAM was up‐regulated at the early stages of embryogenesis and metamorphosis. Furthermore, SRAM expression was prominent in the digestive tracts of the third instar larvae. We argue the hypothesis that SRAM has evolved as a quite unconventional Rel‐family protein in Sarcophaga. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Phosphine and Thiophene Cyclopalladated Complexes: Hydrolysis Reactions in Strong Acidic Media
Authors: García Begoña , Hoyuelos Francisco J. , Ibeas Saturnino , Muñoz María S. , Navarro Ana M. , Peñacoba Indalecio A. , Leal José M. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe mechanisms for the hydrolysis of organopalladium complexes [Pd(CNN)R]BF4 (R=P(OPh)3, PPh3, and SC4H8) were investigated at 25 °C by using UV/Vis absorbance measurements in 10 % v/v ethanol/water mixtures containing different sulphuric acid concentrations in the 1.3–11.7 M range. In all cases, a biphasic behavior was observed with rate constants k1obs, which corresponds to the initial step of the hydrolysis reaction, and k2obs, where k1obs>k2obs. The plots of k1obs and k2obs versus sulfuric acid concentration suggest a change in the reaction mechanism. The change with respect to the k1obs value corresponds to 35 %, 2 %, and 99 % of the protonated complexes for R=PPh3, P(OPh)3, and SC4H8, respectively. Regarding k2obs, the change occurred in all cases at about 6.5 M H2SO4 and matched up with the results reported for the hydrolysis of the 2‐acetylpyridinephenylhydrazone (CNN) ligand. By using the excess acidity method, the mechanisms were elucidated by carefully looking at the variation of ki,obs (i=1,2) versus ${c_{{\rm{H}}^ + } }$. The rate‐determining constants, k0,A‐1, k0,A‐2, and k0,A‐SE2 were evaluated in all cases. The R=P(OPh)3 complex was most reactive due to its π‐acid character, which favors the rupture of the trans nitrogen–palladium bond in the A‐2 mechanism and also that of the pyridine nitrogen–palladium bond in the A‐1 mechanism. The organometallic bond exerts no effect on the relative basicity of the complexes, which are strongly reliant on the substituent.
Stability Phenomena in Chemical Reactors
Authors: Gilles E. D. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSome important types of non‐linear phenomena occuring in chemically reacting systems are explained by means of some single examples of chemical reactors. Multiple steady‐states exhibiting a distinct behavior of ignition and extinction are in the category of these phenomena. In addition all dynamic instabilities, of which there are a wide variety must also be included. These instabilities might be of thermal or purely kinetic nature, or they may result from the interaction of chemical reaction and physical transport processes. Generally these instabilities result in increasing oscillations which finally converge in stable limit cycles. The moving reaction zone which can appear in fixed‐bed reactors is described in greater detail in order to demonstrate that such a dissipative structure may be considered a prototype of an active transport process. This kind of active transport process can be observed in many systems, which are not limited just to chemical engineering. Furthermore, it is emphasized that a moving reaction zone is characterized by a certain feature which here is called “form stability”. This property might be used in order to considerably reduce the order of the non‐linear equations, describing the reactor behavior. Model reduction is of great importance with respect to both a detailed analysis of the dynamic behavior of a reactor and to the design of control concepts.
Oscillations in Biochemical Systems
Authors: Hess Benno , Boiteux Arnold 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe general requirements for the occurence of oscillations in a number of various biochemical systems are reviewed. Experimental demonstration of oscillating states in mitochondria, in intact yeast and slime mould cells are given. To demonstrate the minimum requirements for a biochemical oscillator the mechanism of glycolytic oscillations in yeast cells under homogeneous and nonhomogeneous conditions in space is described together with an example of a model subjected to numerical analysis. The general significance of instable states for the creation of domains in time and space is stressed.
Hysteresis, Oscillations, and Pattern Formation in Immobilized Enzyme Systems
Authors: Hervagault J. F. , Friboulet A. , Kernevez J. P. , Thomas D. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe immobilization of enzymes within an artificial membrane, with a homogeneous distribution of the active sites, allows a simple modelling in a well defined context. — The systems are described by non‐linear PDE'S, taking into account enzyme reaction and metabolites diffusion. These equations can exhibit several types of behaviors, qualitatively different from those observed in solution, such as hysteresis, oscillations and pattern formations. — Preliminary experimental results have shown the existence of sustained oscillations and instabilities with immobilized acetylcholinesterase and phosphofructokinase.
Prerequisite for Oscillatory Behaviour in the Malonic Acid, Bromate and Catalyst Reacting Systems
Authors: Burger Maria , Körös Endre 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe role of bromomalonic acid was investigated in Belousov‐Zhabotinsky systems, in the preoscillatory period. It was established that the crucial bromomalonic acid concentration (at which the transition from non‐oscillatory behaviour to the oscillatory one occurs) depends on the initial reactant concentrations. This relationship is closely connected to the rate equation describing the formation of bromomalonic acid in the preoscillatory period. On the basis of the solution of the rate equation the crucial bromomalonic acid concentration can be calculated. From the temperature dependence of the rate constants, the activation energy of the bromomalonic acid formation during the preoscillatory period was calculated.
Reaction Rate Oscillations during the Oxidation of Hydrogen on Nickel
Authors: Kurtanjek Z. , Sheintuch M. , Luss D. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractMeasurements of contact potential difference (CPD) and effluent oxygen concentration were used to monitor oscillations in the surface state and reaction rate during the oxidation of hydrogen over a nickel plate in a continuous flow reactor. CPD measurements indicate that the system oscillates between an active state in which the reduced surface is covered mainly by chemisorbed oxygen and a less active oxidized state. Heat and mass transfer limitations affect the shape, amplitude and period of the oscillations. However, the oscillations do not disappear when transport limitations become negligible.
A Study of the Potential Oscillations of the Alloys on the Basis of Chromium Alloyed with the Metals of the Platinum Group in Solutions of Sulphuric Acid
Authors: Tomashov N. D. , Ustinsky E. N. , Chernova G. P. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe present work is devoted to the study of spontaneous periodic potential oscillations under corrosion of ductile chromium with admixtures of 0.1 to 0.4 wt‐% Ru, Os, Ir, Pt, or Pd in still aerated 40 to 55% solutions of H2SO4 at temperatures between 40 and 120°C. — A mechanism has been suggested to describe the formation of potential oscillations on chromium alloys. It is assumed that oscillations appear, when the alloy is in a passive‐active state, as a result of the change in the value of pH in the near‐electrode layer. — It has been established that cathodic additives (Ru, Os, Ir, Pt, Pd) differ in their effect upon the appearance of oscillations of potential on chromium alloys.