bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entrepreneurial Incentives Among University Students in Georgia and Portugal
Authors: Taktakishvili Tengiz , Charaia Vakhtang , Moutinho Nuno , Alves Jorge Manuel Afonso 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The study of entrepreneurial incentives among students is a highly relevant issue because it is of utmost importance for the economic development of the country to cultivate generations of entrepreneurs who will create high-value technological startups and contribute to the transformation of Georgia into a technological hub, a goal that we have been calling a priority for years. In recent years, there has been a tendency among young adults to show entrepreneurial initiative, although this is modest compared to what could truly change the image of the country. Funds and angel investors have emerged in the country, ready to invest in interesting business projects with global potential. In this process, the role of universities could be invaluable. The primary obstacle that Georgia’s and Portugal’s education systems are still facing is incorporating entrepreneurial skills into formal and vocational education. Scant is the rundown of colleges that have coordinated this new test in their educational programs.
The region is characterized by precarious and unsystematic skill-based professional schooling, reflecting inadequate funding initiatives lacking sustainability. The article studies the factors influencing students’ entrepreneurial incentives in Georgia and Portugal, identifies the interests and opportunities of Georgian and Portuguese university students in starting a business, and discusses the best foreign practices for encouraging students’ entrepreneurial activity. The article reports a study, based on a survey, which identified the main facilitating and hindering factors that influence students’ entrepreneurial incentives. The paper also analyzes the environment supporting students’ entrepreneurial activities in Georgia and Portugal, discusses the possibilities of finding financing, and identifies the main obstacles that students face when starting a business.
Sexual Violence: Comparative Overview of German and Georgian Legal Perspectives
Authors: Kherkheulidze Irine 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The issue of sexual violence that this article was tasked to deal with is neither new nor devoid of a regulating legislative framework. Moreover, a number of scientists from diff erent countries and institutions of the world have devoted their works to the topic under discussion, which has repeatedly been subjected to discussions in the European Court of Human Rights, International Criminal Court, and ad hoc tribunals.
However, this article aspires to analyze the normative framework for the regulation of sexual violence in line with Article 36 of the Istanbul Convention in Germany and Georgia after the ratifi cation of the Convention in the last decade. The main focus of the study is the contentious interpretation of consent in sexual off ences. Due to the inevitable legislation reforms concerning sexual violence, this academic work examines new trends on regulating this issue in Western countries, especially in Germany, considering the historical ties of Georgian Criminal Code to German law. The article discusses sexual violence in general, providing a brief review of sexual violence legislation, where it is mainly presented by considering the international legal framework. Sexual violence and other sexual off ences according to Georgian and German criminal codes are presented in general terms and in a comparative manner. The article also explains rape in the light of its re-conceptualization, encompassing an analysis on sexual violence, including rape, especially in relation to consent. This, in turn, can prompt amendments to Georgian Criminal Code on the related issue, which currently does not comply with the standards on interpreting sexual violence, established by the Istanbul Convention and other important related international acts.
Representation in International Relations, Impeachment of the President of Georgia, and European Integration
Authors: Gegenava Dimitry , Goradze George 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The 2017–2018 constitutional reform amended the Constitution of Georgia and changed the political system of the country. The president has the responsibility to represent the country in international relations, but only with the approval of the government. Constitutional norms are not specific, leaving room for different interpretations. Article 78 of the Constitution obliges constitutional bodies to use all measures for European integration. Under this constitutional obligation, the president met with European colleagues, though without governmental approval. This provoked the ruling party to initiate the process of impeachment. The Constitutional Court of Georgia concluded that the president breached the Constitution, but the parliament could not impeach the president. The paper analyses the role of presidential representation in international relations and its constitutional responsibility in the light of Georgia’s European aspirations.
Extension of Vedic mathematics sutras for square calculation
Authors: Asrani Komal , Gupta Anuradha , Asrani Deepak 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Square is one of the basic arithmetic operations. Referring to the earlier contributions provided by ancient Indian mathematicians concerning square calculation, various techniques have been suggested by Arybhata, Bhaskara I, Sridhara, Mahavira and Bhaskara II to quote a few. Besides, P. Swami Bharati Krishna Tirthji discussed various techniques for square calculating based on various sutras. In this paper, we summarise the works done by ancient Indian mathematicians and discuss the applications of calculating squares using different sutras. In addition, we propose a new method of calculating square based on the drawbacks identified and that can be applied for the square calculation of any number. Our method splits the number and hence makes the calculation simpler. Moreover, for bigger values, nested calculations can also be applied.
A comparison of the convergence rates of Hestenes’ conjugate Gram-Schmidt method without derivatives with other numerical optimization methods
Authors: Raihen Md Nurul 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This article describes an approach known as the conjugate Gram-Schmidt method for estimating gradients and Hessian using function evaluations and difference quotients, and uses the Gram-Schmidt conjugate direction algorithm to minimize functions and compares it to other techniques for solving ∇f = 0. Comparable minimization algorithms are also used to demonstrate convergence rates using quotient and root convergence factors, as described by Ortega and Rheinbolt to determine the optimal minimization technique to obtain results similar to the Newton method, between the Gram-Schmidt approach and other minimizing approaches. A survey of the existing literature in order to compare Hestenes’ Gram-Schmidt conjugate direction approach without derivative to other minimization methods is conducted and further analytical and computational details are provided.
Petri nets for Adaptive learning scenarios in Serious games
Authors: Hosťovecký M. , Korečko Š. , Sobota B. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Serious games are becoming a more commonly utilized tool in training, education, and learning. On the other hand, Petri nets, a well-known formalism for process modeling, seem to be a promising tool for describing learning activity scenarios for serious games and virtual environments. Thanks to their graphical form and easy-to-understand nature, it can be assumed that participants from different backgrounds should be able to understand and use Petri nets for their scenarios. A present study presented here investigates how this assumption corresponds to reality. In the study, a short explanation of Petri nets and a set of related tasks were given to a sample of 31 participants (n = 31). The participants were students of Computer Science (16) and Humanities (15). The results collected and statistically analyzed demonstrate both similarities and distinctions in the reactions to problem-solving assignments among individuals in the two groups. These findings and their analysis have been condensed and presented in visual form.
Financial Development-International Trade Nexus in Ghana: The Role of Sectoral Effects
Authors: Prempeh Kwadwo Boateng , Frimpong Joseph Magnus 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the role of sectoral effects in the financial development-international trade nexus using time series data from Ghana for the period 1960 to 2017. Our evidence from the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) estimates indicates that while the effect of sectoral value additions on trade is conditional on the proxy of financial development, financial development significantly promotes trade in both the long- and short-run, regardless of the proxy. Moreover, even after accounting for sectoral value additions, finance positively affected international trade. On the moderation front, we observe that increased agricultural value additions mitigate the beneficial impact of financial development on international trade, whereas increased service value additions magnify the beneficial effects. Thus, to boost international trade in Ghana, policymakers should prioritise fostering complementarity between the industrial, agricultural, service, manufacturing, and financial sectors.
Do Exchange Rates Respond Asymmetrically to Crude Oil Market Shocks? Insights from BRICS and Pakistan
Authors: Rashid Abdul , Jehan Zainab , Tahira Maria , Javed Amir 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The shocks in the crude oil market are unlikely to have symmetric impacts on exchange rates, especially over various time periods. Furthermore, in low- and high-volatility regimes, exchange rates are predicted to respond differently to oil market shocks. By employing Markov-switching model and state-space model, this research empirically investigates whether oil market shocks exert asymmetric impacts on exchange rates, across the time and across different levels of volatility. In doing so, the study utilizes monthly data from January 1994-September 2017 for BRICS countries and Pakistan. The findings indicate that although oil supply shocks are mostly insignificant, oil price shocks appear statistically significant to affect the exchange rates whereas aggregate demand shocks are most volatile and are more likely to cause exchange rate fluctuations. The study concludes that various forms of oil shocks have a wide range of consequences on exchange rate determinations. Nonetheless, exchange rates’ response to oil shocks differ dramatically through low- and high-volatility states, implying that oil shocks exert a time-varying impact on exchange rates. Finally, the findings provide credence to the phenomenon of asymmetry in exchange rate responses to oil market shocks.
RAGAM METODE PEMBELAJARAN MENARIK UNTUK ANAK USIA DINI : KONSEP DAN PRAKTEK
Authors: Azizah Nur Azizah 
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi metode pembelajaran yang menarik bagi anak usia dini serta memberikan referensi bagi para pendidik PAUD. Melalui tinjauan literatur yang komprehensif, penelitian ini menganalisis berbagai model pembelajaran, menyoroti keunggulan, tantangan, dan implikasi praktisnya. Hal ini penting untuk meningkatkan kemampuan anak dalam berbagai aktivitas seperti bercerita, bermain, dan berwisata, serta untuk memberikan alternatif pembelajaran yang berkualitas bagi peserta didik PAUD. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran yang menarik, efektif dalam meningkatkan minat belajar anak, menciptakan lingkungan belajar yang kondusif, dan merangsang kreativitas mereka. menurut para ahli pembelajaran pada PAUD harus di sertakan dengan beberapa metode yang sesuai dengan kemampuan anak dalam belajar. pada metode ini anak mampu meningkatkan kreativitas anak usia dini, pada pendekatan ini dapat memungkinkan anak untuk belajar secara aktif dan eksploratif, sehingga dapat mendorong mereka untuk menyampaikan ide-ide kreatif mereka, salah satu nya yaitu menggunakan metode tanya jawab. Kata Kunci : metode, pembelajaran, anak usia dini, kegunaan.
IDENTIFIKASI KERAGAMAN GENETIK SORGUM LOKAL HASIL IRADIASI MENGGUNAKAN PENANDA MOLEKULER RPAD
Authors: Arum Laras Sekar , Ramadhan Moch. Alfian Rizky , Hazmi Muhammad , Murtiyaningsih Hidayah 
Published: June 2024

Sorgum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) termasuk komoditas pangan alternatif yang memiliki potensi cukup besar untuk dikembangkan di Indonesia. Namun tingkat keragaman genetiknya di Indonesia masih terbilang rendah. Rendahnya keragaman genetik sorgum memicu untuk memperbaiki dan mencari sumber-sumber genetik yang baru, upaya yang dapat dilakukan diantaranya melalui pemuliaan tanaman. Mutasi induksi radiasi merupakan pemuliaan tanaman yang bertujuan untuk mendapatkan sifat-sifat baru dan memiliki sifat yang tidak dimiliki oleh induknya. Irradiasi sinar gamma dapat merusak DNA dan selama proses perbaikan, DNA akan mengalami mutasi baru yang diinduksi secara acak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana tampilan karakter agronomis, keragaman geneitk, dan hubungan kekerabatan dari tanaman yang telah diiradiasi sinar gamma berdasarkan penanda molekuler Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD), Pada penelitian ini sorgum lokal bandung, demak, dan jember di induksi keragaman genetiknya dengan iradiasi sinar gamma dosis 0 Gy, 300 Gy, dan 500 Gy. Pemberian dosis iradiasi sinar gamma memberikan pengaruh nyata pada parameter viabilitas vigoritas, dan morfologi Hasil isolasi DNA dianalisis dengan teknik Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD). OPA-12 memiliki tingkat polimorfisme tertingi daripada ketiga primer lainnya. Pita yang dihasilkan dari empat primer diskoring dan dianalisis menggunakan program NTSYSpc untuk mengetahu tingkat kekerabatan antar genotip. Jarak genetik antar genotip terbilang jauh berkisar antara 0.1-0.46 sehingga berpotensi untuk dilakukan persilangan
Mupirocin/hydroxyapatite composite suspended in transcutol P-spiked hydrogel: In vitro characterization and in vivo wound healing assessment
Authors: Ojo Olusola Emmanuel , Ilomuanya Margaret Okonawan , Cardoso-Daodu Ibilola Mary , Sekunowo Olatunde Israel , Gbenebor Oluwashina Philips , Oladimeji Islamiyat Kanyinsola , Falodun Tomiwa Thomas , Adeosun Samson Oluropo 
Published: June 2024

Objectives:
Natural hydroxyapatite (HAP) has been utilized as a drug carrier owing to its excellent bioactivity and biocompatibility. This study is aimed at formulating mupirocin/hydroxyapatite composite suspended in hydrogel. The appropriate quantity of the penetration enhancer (Transcutol-P®) was also investigated.

Materials and Methods:
The HAP was isolated from bovine bone by hydrothermal treatment, calcined at 1000oC and held for 2 hours in an electric furnace to remove the organic contents. The bones were milled, sifted using 150 µm mesh sieve and characterized. Olive oil, which contains oleic acid, was utilized as a natural capping agent to prevent agglomeration of the particles in the formulation. The quantity of Transcutol-P® was varied with mupirocin used as the active pharmaceutical ingredient for the management of acute wound in Wistar rats. In this animal study, the wound closure rate was evaluated.

Results:
The formulation with the 0.6%v/v, of Transcutol-P® gave the best wound closure rate of 30.05 mm2/day. The in-vitro study showed that the formulation containing 0.6%v/v Transcutol-P® released 63.9% of the drug after 75 minutes while 42.4% was released at the same time interval when the concentration of the penetration enhancer was increased to 1.2%v/v. The mupirocin-encapsulated HAP hydrogel composite showed high resistance against staphylococcus saprophyticus with inhibition zone of 37.3 mm.

Conclusion:
The mupirocin encapsulated in HAP allows for sustained release of the antibiotic and thus serves as a veritable drug carrier suitable for wound healing applications. Transcutol-P® (0.6%v/v) is effective in facilitating drug release, which is reflected in the increased wound closure rate in Wistar rats.
Experience of rigorous practice of antimicrobial stewardship program and its impact on antibiotic consumption
Authors: Kumar Shweta , Khadanga Sagar , Haq Rehan Ul , Saxena Pradeep , Sampath Ananyan , Tadepalli Karuna 
Published: June 2024

Objectives:
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is the next pandemic with a huge global economic burden. A customized antimicrobial stewardship program (AMSP) is a well-recognized tool for containment of AMR. The current study was undertaken to identify the impact of AMSP measures on the trends of antibiotic consumption rates, e.g., defined daily dose (DDD) and days of therapy (DOT) per 100 patient days in pre-identified areas of the hospital.

Materials and Methods:
The present study was a case-record-based extended cross-sectional study carried out in a tertiary care institute in central India from January 2021 to September 2021. Time-bound feasible sampling was undertaken, and all cases were included without any exclusion criteria. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Institute and funded by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR).

Statistical Analysis:
The data was entered into a spreadsheet. The calculation of DDD and DOT was performed individually for each antibiotic as per WHO tool per 100 patient days.

Results:
In high-priority areas such as intensive care unit and high dependency unit, the top three DDD/100 days were meropenem (77.9), colistin (41.4), and piperacillin-tazobactam (13.5) versus the top 3 DOT/100 patient days were meropenem (40.5), colistin (20.9), and piperacillin-tazobactam (15.7). In low-priority areas such as general wards, the top 3 DDD/100 patient days were meropenem (45.4), piperacillin-tazobactam (22.6), and cefoperazone (5.0) versus the top three DOT/100 patient days were meropenem (45.4), cefoperazone (44.9), and piperacillintazobactam (22.6). There was a downward trend of consumption of almost all these antibiotics when measured at baseline and the next two quarters. DDD and DOT per 100 patient days had a positive linear correlation during the study period.

Conclusions:
The present study demonstrates about 50% reduction in consumption of ICMR priority antibiotics with a yearlong AMSP. DDD and DOT per 100 patient days can be calculated with minimal effort, even in extremely busy hospitals. DOT tools are less labor-intensive and, hence, should be the pivotal tool for antibiotic exposure measurement.
PARA OBTENER Y DEFENDER LOS DERECHOS DE LOS AFRODESCENDIENTES, LA VOLUNTAD POLÍTICA DE GOBERNANTES ES PRIMORDIAL
Authors: Agudelo Carlos Efrén , Antón Sánchez Jhon , Muteba Rahier Jean 
Published: June 2024

José Chalá Cruz, es un líder afroecuatoriano reconocido en el movimiento social afrodescendiente de América Latina. Es antropólogo y escritor. En esta entrevista habla de sus contribuciones a la creación de instrumentos étnico raciales a favor de los afroecuatorianos, tales como la Ley de Derechos Colectivos del Pueblo Afroecuatoriano (2006), los artículos de reconocimiento de derechos al pueblo afroecuatoriano en la Constitución del 2008, el decreto ejecutivo Nro 60 sobre acciones afirmativas, entre otros proyectos de leyes. Analiza el contexto en que se han desarrollado estos instrumentos legales étnico raciales desde tres experiencias personales: como activista social, como funcionario del gobierno y como legislador de la Asamblea Nacional. Su perspectiva se resume en que “hay una
diferencia entre lo que dice el papel (la ley) y la realidad”. Para José Chalá, actualmente “existe el peligro de derechizar al estado-nación, en donde la legislación a favor de los pueblos y las nacionalidades que hemos avanzado realmente tiene muy poca cabida. Es decir: aquí estamos ante, como diría Achille Mbembe (2016), en una parte de la necropolítica y también del necro- neoliberalismo, donde los pueblos pensados así, sujetos de derechos colectivos, acciones afirmativas, reparaciones, realmente no estamos vistos pese a la legislación que nosotros logramos. Ahí está la gran, gran diferencia”.

Palabras clave: Afrodescendencia, Derechos Colectivos, Leyes antidiscriminación, Neoliberalismo, Necropolitica.
THE INFLUENCE OF PROMOTIONS AND FLASH SALE ON THE DECISION TO USE THE SHOPEE APPLICATION IN MATARAM CITY
Authors: Dwi Yanti Yuni , Permadi Lalu Adi , Retnowati Weni 
Published: June 2024

The aim of this research is to determine the significance of the influence of promotions and flash sales on decisions to use the Shopee application. The population of this research is Mataram city residents who have shopped on the Shopee application at least 1-3 times. The type of research used is quantitative research with a causal associative approach. Data collection techniques and tools use questionnaires distributed online. This research was located in Mataram City and the research population used a sample of 100 respondents. Using non-probability and purposive sampling techniques. The research results show that promotion has a positive and significant effect on the decision to use the Shopee application in the city of Mataram. Flash sales have a positive and significant effect on the decision to use the Shopee application in the city of Mataram.

The aim of this research is to determine the significance of the influence of promotions and flash sales on decisions to use the Shopee application. The population of this research is Mataram city residents who have shopped on the Shopee application at least 1-3 times. The type of research used is quantitative research with a causal associative approach. Data collection techniques and tools use questionnaires distributed online. This research was located in Mataram City and the research population used a sample of 100 respondents. Using non-probability and purposive sampling techniques. The research results show that promotion has a positive and significant effect on the decision to use the Shopee application in the city of Mataram. Flash sales have a positive and significant effect on the decision to use the Shopee application in the city of Mataram.
A utilização de métodos matemáticos para previsão de demanda em uma distribuidora de óleos lubrificantes
Authors: pinto Geniarly Mendes , Feitosa Patrícia Silva , Oliveira Rafael Duarte Vieira de , Oliveira Rafael Duarte Vieira de 
Published: June 2024

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a previsão de demanda utilizando métodos matemáticos comparando com a demanda requerida por produtos de uma empresa. Tratou-se de um estudo de caso, em uma distribuidora de óleo lubrificante de motores. Caracterizou-se como pesquisa explicativa, aplicada e abordagem quantitativa. Foram utilizados relatórios mensais do período de abril de 2021 a julho de 2022. Os dados foram compilados no MS Excel sendo utilizados os métodos matemáticos de previsão de demanda da média móvel simples e suavizamento exponencial. Para acurácia do modelo empregado foi utilizado o desvio médio absoluto (MAD) e para o monitoramento da técnica de previsão foi utilizada a tendência de viés. A visão geral dos resultados encontrados mostrou que a utilização do método de previsão de demanda pela média móvel e por suavização exponencial, com coeficiente de 0,1, podem ser consideradas opções no processo de previsão com utilização de séries históricas.