bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Baylis–Hillman Adducts as Valuable Source for One‐Pot Multi‐Step Synthesis: A Facile Synthesis of Substituted Piperidin‐2‐ones
Authors: Basavaiah Deevi , Reddy Raju Jannapu , Lenin Dandamudi V. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA facile, convenient, and one‐pot multi‐step synthesis of substituted piperidin‐2‐ones from the Baylis–Hillman alcohols derived from various aldehydes and acrylonitrile, involving Johnson–Claisen rearrangement, reduction of an α,β‐unsaturated nitrile moiety into the saturated amine‐skeleton, followed by cyclization, in an operationally simple procedure, is described.
A One‐Pot Biginelli Synthesis of 6‐Unsubstituted 5‐Aroylpyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones and 6‐Acetyl‐1,2,4‐triazin‐3(2H)‐ones
Authors: Darwish Elham Sayed , Abdelshafy Abdelhamid Ismail , Adel Nasra Miead , Abdel‐Gallil Fathy Mohamed , Fleita Daisy Hanna 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe three‐component Biginelli‐like cyclocondensation reaction of enamines 1, urea, and aldehydes in dioxane/acetic acid efficiently afforded the corresponding 6‐unsubstituted 3,4‐dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones 2 in good yields (Scheme 1, Table). The corresponding reaction of azaenamine (=hydrazone) 7 with benzaldehyde and urea afforded 6‐acetyl‐1,2,4‐triazin‐3(2H)‐ones in good yields (Scheme 3).
3,5‐Dihydro‐2H‐thieno[2,3‐c]pyrrole 1,1‐Dioxide – A New Simple Pyrrole Unit. Preliminary Communication
Authors: Banala Srinivas , Wurst Klaus , Kräutler Bernhard 
Published: June 2010

Abstract2,3‐Dihydrothiophene 1,1‐dioxide (‘2‐sulfolene’) reacted with tosylmethyl isocyanide (TsMIC) in the presence of a base to give the hitherto unknown 3,5‐dihydro‐2H‐thieno[2,3‐c]pyrrole 1,1‐dioxide (‘β′‐sulfolenopyrrole’) from the expected cyclocondensation. A serendipitous formation of this β′‐sulfolenopyrrole was found earlier, when we investigated synthetic routes to a 3,5‐dihydro‐1H‐thieno[3,4‐c]pyrrole 2,2‐dioxide (a ‘β″‐sulfolenopyrrole’) from TsMIC and 2,5‐dihydrothiophene 1,1‐dioxide (‘3‐sulfolene’). Here, we present the synthesis and characterization of β′‐sulfolenopyrrole. The X‐ray crystal‐structure analyses of β′‐sulfolenopyrrole and the isomeric β″‐sulfolenopyrrole are also reported here. This β′‐sulfolenopyrrole is a new type of a functionalized pyrrole, which is likely to be of interest for pharmaceutical purposes.
Two New Lycopodine Alkaloids from Huperzia serrata
Authors: Jiang Jinhe , Liu Ying , Min Kang , Jing Bi , Wang Liqin , Zhang Yan , Chen Yegao 
Published: June 2010

AbstractTwo new lycopodine alkaloids, (12β)‐12‐hydroxyhuperzine G (1) and (5β,6β,15α)‐15‐methyllycopodane‐5,6‐diol (2), were isolated from the whole plants of Huperzia serrata, together with six known compounds, huperzines A, B, and G, phlegmariurine B, (8β)‐8‐hydroxyphlegmariurine B, and lycoposerramine D. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, including HR‐ESI‐MS, 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR, DEPT, 1H,1H‐COSY, HSQC, HMBC, and NOESY data.
A Convenient Synthesis of 2,3‐Dihydro‐3‐methylidene‐1H‐isoindol‐1‐ones by Reaction of 2‐Formylbenzo­nitriles with Dimethyloxosulfonium Methylide
Authors: Kobayashi Kazuhiro , Matsumoto Kota , Nakamura Daizo , Fukamachi Shuhei , Konishi Hisatoshi 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA facile method for the synthesis of 2,3‐dihydro‐3‐methylidene‐1H‐isoindol‐1‐one and its derivatives carrying substituent(s) at C(5) and/or C(6) has been developed. The reaction of 2‐formylbenzonitrile (1a) with dimethyloxosulfonium methylide, generated by the treatment of trimethylsulfoxonium iodide with NaH in DMSO/THF at 0°, resulted in the formation of 2,3‐dihydro‐3‐methylidene‐1H‐isoindol‐1‐one (2a) in 77% yield. Similarly, six 2‐formylbenzonitriles carrying substituent(s) at C(4) and/or C(5), i.e., 1b–1g, also gave the corresponding expected products 2b–2g in comparable yields.
A Study of the Reactivity of Secondary Phosphanes with Radical Sources: A New Dehydrocoupling Reaction
Authors: Baker Robert J. , Hashem Emtithal 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe reactions of secondary phosphanes with radical sources have been investigated. A stoichiometric dehydrocoupling of Ph2PH with 1,1′‐azobis[cyclohexane‐1‐carbonitrile] (VAZO® 88) affords tetraphenyldiphosphane in good yields, whilst reduction of the nitrosyl function was observed upon using 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐1‐oxyl (TEMPO). Dialkylphosphane–borane adducts also undergo a dehydrocoupling reaction in the presence of VAZO® 88 to form R4P2.
Developing emotional intelligence abilities through team‐based learning
Authors: Clarke Nicholas 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA few studies have appeared in the literature suggesting that team learning might be an effective means for developing emotional intelligence (EI) abilities in the workplace. This study investigated the effects of attending a one‐day emotional intelligence training session followed by participating in team‐based learning on ability‐based measures of emotional intelligence in a sample of MBA students. Training alone had no effect but when followed by participating in team‐based learning positive effects were found, but only for those who were categorized as participating more intensively in team learning and only on one specific emotional ability. The findings suggest that greater participation in team‐based learning may create stronger relational bonds that support the development of emotional abilities once individuals have gained personal insights into their own emotional intelligence.
When job aids attack: On the social history of dubious job aids
Authors: Kopp David M. , Desiderio Katie P. , McAtavey Jean M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn this article we introduce the job aid as a cultural artifact in specific historical social contexts. Framing job aids as such within a broader context of social history enables human resource development (HRD) researchers and practitioners to reflect critically on training and development with a perspective on social justice vis‐à‐vis social responsibility. With the use of a targeted literature review, we present two historical cases of questionable job aids, specifically, in the so‐called patent medicines of the early 20th century and the job aids used for training the Hitler Youth. Lessons learned from social history include recognizing the fundamental role that culture has in shaping not only what actions adult learners carry out, but also how the job aids can memorialize their performance. Further, it is posited that introducing the dimension of social history to training offers a more thorough and robust inquiry to critical HRD.
Relationships among developmental competency measures and objective work outcomes in a New Zealand retail context
Authors: Jackson Duncan J. R. , Cooper‐Thomas Helena D. , van Gelderen Marco , Davis Jane 
Published: June 2010

AbstractCompetencies represent an important and popular topic in human resource development. Despite this popularity, a divide exists between practitioner approaches to developmental competency measures and the empirical scrutiny of such approaches. However, the scarce empirical studies on competency measures have begun to bridge this gap. In the present study, behavioral competency ratings and objective outcome measures were collected from 118 entry‐level employees in a retail organization in New Zealand. A correlational design was applied to data in this study and, with the use of canonical correlation analyses, meaningful relationships were observed among competency measures and objective work outcomes. Such relationships are presented as being practically useful when making decisions about weighting certain competencies over others for developmental purposes.
The impact of reason for training on the relationship between “best practices” and sexual harassment training effectiveness
Authors: Perry Elissa L. , Kulik Carol T. , Bustamante Jennifer , Golom Frank D. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe current study explored the use of best training practices on human resources managers' perceptions of sexual harassment training success and frequency of sexual harassment complaints. Results revealed no main effects of best training practices on sexual harassment training success. However, effects of best training practices on sexual harassment training success differed as a function of the organization's reason (legal vs. strategic) for implementing sexual harassment training. Additionally, one best training practice, posttraining activities, was significantly and negatively related to frequency of sexual harassment complaints.
Pareto‐archived evolutionary wavelet network for financial constrained portfolio optimization
Authors: Suganya N. C. , Vijayalakshmi Pai G. A. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe multi‐objective portfolio optimization problem is too complex to find direct solutions by traditional methods when constraints reflecting investor's preferences and/or market frictions are included in the mathematical model and hence heuristic approaches are sought for their solution.In this paper we propose the solution of a multi‐criterion (bi‐objective) portfolio optimization problem of minimizing risk and maximizing expected return of the portfolio which includes basic, bounding, cardinality, class and short sales constraints using a Pareto‐archived evolutionary wavelet network (PEWN) solution strategy. Initially, the empirical covariance matrix is denoised by employing a wavelet shrinkage denoising technique. Second, the cardinality constraint is eliminated by the application of k‐means cluster analysis. Finally, a PEWN heuristic strategy with weight standardization procedures is employed to obtain Pareto‐optimal solutions satisfying all the constraints. The closeness and diversity of Pareto‐optimal solutions obtained using PEWN is evaluated using different measures and the results are compared with existing only solution strategies (evolution‐based wavelet Hopfield neural network and evolution‐based Hopfield neural network) to prove its dominance. Eventually, data envelopment analysis is also used to test the efficiency of the non‐dominated solutions obtained using PEWN.Experimental results are demonstrated on the Bombay Stock Exchange, India (BSE200 index: period July 2001–July 2006), and the Tokyo Stock Exchange, Japan (Nikkei225 index: period March 2002–March 2007), data sets. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of fly‐ash additive for removal of dissolved organic matter during soil aquifer treatment of wastewater treatment plant Peffluent
Authors: Wei Liangliang , Wang Kun , Zhao Qingliang , Xue Shuang , Jia Ting , You Peiyuan 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Fly‐ash (FA) additive was evaluated for enhanced removal of organic matter during soil aquifer treatment (SAT) of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent in five 0.50 m length columns (diameter 0.1 m) in parallel.RESULTS: The characteristic behavior of dissolved organic matter (DOM) was examined for the stratum matrix configurations of both natural soil and a mixture of soil and FA. Incubation and fractionation experiments indicated that FA additive within the SAT columns would enhance the bulk adsorption of hydrophobic fractions, but decrease the biodegradation of the hydrophilic fraction simultaneously. The configuration design of an upper 0.25 m soil layer and a mixture of FA and soil underneath could make use of the functions of both FA adsorption and biodegradation within soil, which could lead to a further fractional removal of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP). Moreover, FA additive in the SAT columns could result in a significant decrease of tryptophan‐like aromatic proteins and fulvic‐like components (CC and CO related), while the setting of the top 25 cm soil layer would lead to a further reduction of oxygen‐containing functional groups.CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results, FA might serve as a supplementary material for enhancing the reduction of DOM during SAT operation. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
A single low dose of dendritic cells modified with lentivirus containing a truncated neu gene can effectively suppress neu‐overexpressing tumors
Authors: Li Gong‐Bo , Lu Guang‐Xiu 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackgroundSeveral types of viral‐transduced HER2/neu‐modified dendritic cells (DCHER2/neu) have been used for preventing and/or treating HER2/neu‐overexpressing tumors. However, to date, lentivirus has not been used to generate HER2/neu‐modified DCs.MethodsIn the present study, we used recombinant lentivirus containing a truncated neu gene (rLVneu) to transduce murine bone marrow‐derived dendritic cells and investigated their preventive and therapeutic effects on HER2/neu‐overexpressing tumors.ResultsThe data obtained show that a single low dose of lentiviral‐transduced DCHER2/neu could significantly elevate serum anti‐neu antibody level, stimulate the proliferation of CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes and interferon‐γ secretion, induce a long lasting preventive effect against HER2/neu‐overexpressing tumors and significantly suppress the growth of established HER2/neu‐overexpressing tumors.ConclusionsThe present study demonstrates that a single low dose of DCs modified with rLV containing a truncated neu oncogene can achieve a strong and long lasting effect on neu‐overexpressing tumors, suggesting the possible clinical application of this strategy. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface optical Raman modes in GaN nanoribbons
Authors: Bhattacharya Santanu , Datta Anindya , Dhara Sandip , Chakravorty Dipankar 
Published: June 2010

AbstractRaman scattering studies were performed in GaN nanoribbons grown along [1 0 0]. These samples were prepared inside Na‐4 mica nanochannels by the ion‐exchange technique and subsequent annealing in NH3 ambient. Detailed morphological and structural studies including the crystalline orientation were performed by analyzing the vibrational properties in these GaN nanoribbons. Pressure in the embedded structure was calculated from the blue shift of the E2(high) phonon mode of GaN. Possible red shift of optical phonon modes due to the quantum confinement is also discussed. In addition to the optical phonons allowed by symmetry, two additional Raman peaks were also observed at ∼633 and 678 cm−1 for these nanoribbons. Calculations for the wavenumbers of the surface optical (SO) phonon modes in GaN in Na‐4 mica yielded values close to those of the new Raman modes. The SO phonon modes were calculated in the slab (applicable to belt‐like nanoribbon) mode, as the wavenumber and intensity of these modes depend on the size and the shape of the nanostructures. The effect of surface‐modulation‐assisted electron–SO phonon scattering is suggested to be responsible for the pronounced appearance of SO phonon modes. A scaling factor is also estimated for the interacting surface potential influencing the observed SO Raman scattering intensities. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interaction of an Endosomolytic Polyamidoamine ISA23 with Vesicles Mimicking Intracellular Membranes: A SANS/EPR Study
Authors: Griffiths Peter C. , Nilmini Renuka , Carter Emma , Dodds Patrick , Murphy Damien M. , Khayat Zeena , Lattanzio Ettore , Ferruti Paolo , Heenan Richard K. , King Stephen M. , Duncan Ruth 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe mechanism of ISA23 · HCl interaction with model membrane vesicles (80–100 nm in diameter) was investigated using EPR in conjunction with SANS. For EPR, 16‐DSE was dissolved in the vesicle membrane to measure its dynamics and polarity, whereas a spin‐labeled (Tempo)‐ISA 23 analogue was used to give a measure of the polymer flexibility. When ISA23 was added to the external vesicle surface, no interaction was found. This observation conflicts with the reported ability to lyse RBC, but is in agreement with recent studies that showed no effect on membrane permeability when a PAA was added to an incubation medium containing isolated lysosomal vesicles. The vesicle‐mimetic models used here provide a new and useful tool for studying endosomolytic polymer/membrane interactions.magnified image
Analysis of PKR Activation Using Analytical Ultracentrifugation
Authors: Cole James L. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractProtein kinase R (PKR) is a central component of the interferon antiviral defense pathway. Upon binding to dsRNA, PKR undergoes autophosphorylation reactions that activate the kinase, resulting in the inhibition of protein synthesis in virally‐infected cells. We have used analytical ultracentrifugation and related biophysical methods to quantitatively characterize the stoichiometries, affinities, and free energy couplings that govern the assembly of the macromolecular complexes in the PKR activation pathway. These studies demonstrate that PKR dimerization play a key role in enzymatic activation and support a model where the role of dsRNA is to bring two or more PKR monomers in close proximity to enhance dimerization.magnified image
FTIR Imaging of Poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) and Isotactic Poly(propylene oxide) Spherulites
Authors: Merten Christian , Kowalik Thomas , Aßhoff Sarah J. , Hartwig Andreas 
Published: June 2010

AbstractFTIR spectroscopic imaging is combined with linear dichroism measurements to investigate the structures of spherulites of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) and isotactic poly(propylene oxide). It is shown that this technique can be used to easily gain qualitative information about relative orientations of chemical bonds within a solid polymeric sample. Furthermore the imaging technique is shown to have the considerable advantage that the obtained images are easy to understand and easy to interpret even without deep knowledge of FTIR linear dichroism measurements.magnified image
Dendronized Polymers with Aromatic Sulfonimide Dendrons
Authors: Abdel‐Rahman Mona Ahmed , Schweizer Bernd W. , Lukin Oleg , Zhang Afang , Schlüter A. Dieter 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe synthesis of high‐molar‐mass first‐ and second‐generation, aromatic sulfonamide‐based dendronized polymers PG1(CH3) and PG1(NO2) as well as PG2(CH3) and PG2(NO2) has been achieved. For PG3(CH3) at least oligomeric material could be obtained. The polymers exhibit glass transition temperatures in the range of 135–162 °C and are valuable components for a presently ongoing in depth analysis of the persistence length of dendronized polymers by SANS. The corresponding monomers MG2(CH3) and MG2(NO2) were crystallized and their structures in the crystal determined by XRD. These single crystals are the first ever obtained of dendritic macromonomers. The polymerizable units were found not to be in a proper spatial relation to allow for a solid‐state polymerization.magnified image
Thermal Sensitivity of tert‐Butyloxycarbonylmethyl‐Modified Polyquats in Condensed Phase and Solubility Properties of Copolymers with N‐Isopropylacrylamide
Authors: Gonsior Nina , Schmitz Sarah , Ritter Helmut 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe synthesis of the easily decomposable ionic monomer 2‐tert‐butoxy‐N‐[2‐(methacryloyl‐oxy)ethyl]‐N,N‐dimethyl‐2‐oxoethanammonium chloride (3) via thermally induced syn‐elimination of a tert‐butyl ester group was realized simply by mixing N,N‐dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (1) and tert‐butyl chloroacetate (2) at ambient temperature without solvent. The obtained salt was polymerized via free radical polymerization. The decomposition and foaming via iso‐butene formation takes place by heating up to about 160 °C. IR, DSC, TGA, and GC/MS measurements were performed to follow this pyrolysis reaction. Furthermore, the copolymerization of 3 with N‐isopropylacrylamid (NiPAAm, 5) was carried out with different monomer ratios. Molar mass distributions were measured using an asymmetrical flow field‐flow fractionation (aFFFF) system. The obtained copolymers 6–10 exhibit lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behaviour in water with cloud points at different temperatures depending on the monomer ratio.magnified image
New Thermoresponsive Luminescent Electrospun Nanofibers Prepared from Poly[2,7‐(9,9‐dihexylfluorene)]‐block‐poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)/PMMA Blends
Authors: Tzeng Ping , Kuo Chi‐Ching , Lin Sung‐Tso , Chiu Yu‐Chen , Chen Wen‐Chang 
Published: June 2010

AbstractNovel luminescent electrospun (ES) polymer nanofibers were successfully prepared via a two‐fluid spinneret for thermo‐tunable colorimetric sensor applications. Binary blends of conjugated rod–coil poly[2,7‐(9,9‐dihexylfluorene)]‐block‐poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PF‐b‐PNIPAAm)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) were used as the material system for preparing the ES nanofibers. In order to produce uniform ES nanofibers, the shell layer was injected with THF to retard the rapid solidification of core polymer blend solutions that occurred at the nozzle tip. The prepared ES nanofibers, with an average diameter of 500 nm, exhibited a reversible photoluminescence (PL) spectra‐shifting, as the temperature cycle varied between 20 and 40 °C. Such reversible PL switching resulted from the extended/compact structural transformation on the PNIPAAm segment, which led to different PF aggregation sizes. The thermo‐responsive sensing characteristics of the prepared ES nanofibers were significantly enhanced as the PNIPAAm coil length was increased. In particular, PF7‐b‐PNIPAAm516/PMMA ES nanofibers exhibited a blue luminescence color at 20 °C but this changed to a greenish‐blue luminescence color at 40 °C. On the other hand, the corresponding spin‐coated thin film from the blend remained in the blue luminescence. Furthermore, the temperature‐responsive wettability of the surface could be switched between hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity via temperature variations. This study demonstrated that novel ES nanofibers exhibit both reversible thermo‐responsive luminescence characteristics and wettability, suggesting their potential for application as a new kind of sensory material.magnified image
Processing of Poly(propylene)/Carbon Nanotube Composites using scCO2‐Assisted Mixing
Authors: Ma Jia , Deng Hua , Peijs Ton 
Published: June 2010

AbstractscCO2 was used to assist in the preparation of PP/CNT composites. Two types of CNTs were used: MWNTs with and without HDPE coating (cMWNTs). The morphology of the nanocomposites and their mechanical and thermal properties were investigated and compared with samples made by traditional melt compounding. The use of cMWNT leads to better dispersion and properties in melt‐compounded nanocomposites. For systems prepared using scCO2‐assisted mixing, however, better properties were obtained using pristine MWNTs, avoiding the additional costs of nanotube modification. It was also shown that observed improvements in the mechanical properties for these materials were due to a combination of matrix modification and nanotube reinforcement, rather than a reinforcement effect caused solely by MWNTs.magnified image
Conducting Polymer Enzyme Alloys: Electromaterials Exhibiting Direct Electron Transfer
Authors: Thompson Brianna C. , Winther‐Jensen Orawan , Vongsvivut Jitraporn , Winther‐Jensen Bjørn , MacFarlane Douglas R. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractGlucose oxidase (GOx) is an important enzyme with great potential application for enzymatic sensing of glucose, in implantable biofuel cells for powering of medical devices in vivo and for large‐scale biofuel cells for distributed energy generation. For these applications, immobilisation of GOx and direct transfer of electrons from the enzyme to an electrode material is required. This paper describes synthesis of conducting polymer (CP) structures in which GOx has been entrained such that direct electron transfer is possible between GOx and the CP. CP/enzyme composites prepared by other means show no evidence of such “wiring”. These materials therefore show promise for mediator‐less electronic connection of GOx into easily produced electrodes for biosensing or biofuel cell applications.magnified image