bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of systemic acetazolamide administration on intraocular pressure in healthy horses—A preliminary study
Authors: Shnaiderman‐Torban Anat , Pe'er Oren , Gustafsson Kajsa , Tatz Amos , Brizi Malka , Soback Stefan , Abu Ahmad Wiessam , Magen Ramon , Ofri Ron , Kelmer Gal 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectivesIn equine glaucoma, topical treatment with carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) is recommended. Oral acetazolamide, a systemic CAI, is used in horses with hyperkalemic periodic paralysis. Information regarding its effect on equine intraocular pressure (IOP) is scarce. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of oral acetazolamide treatment on IOP in horses, in a case–control study.AnimalsTen healthy horses.ProceduresHorses were treated with oral acetazolamide (4.4 mg/kg) BID for 1 week. Serum acetazolamide concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry, and IOP were measured before treatment, daily during treatment, and at 48 and 72 h after treatment.ResultsAcetazolamide serum levels reached steady state at 72 h after the first oral dose. In a mixed effect model logistic regression, there was a significant decrease in IOP on the third treatment day, of 2.4 mmHg (p = .012) and 2.7 mmHg (p = .006) in the left (OS) and right eye (OD), respectively. On the seventh day, there was a decrease in 2.5 mmHg (p = .008) and 2.7 mmHg (p = .007) OS and OD, respectively. A significant increase occurred 48 h following treatment discontinuation (3.6 mmHg, p < .001 and 3.5 mmHg, p < .001 OS and OD, respectively). The area under the concentration versus time curve (AUC(0–10h)) was 1.1 ± 0.5 μg/mL*h, mean residence time 6.7 ± 4.3 h, peak plasma concentration (Cmax) 0.4 ± 0.4 μg/mL and time to reach Cmax 1.8 h. There was a significant increase in serum concentrations 1, 2, 48, 72, and 156 h following the first drug administration (p < .05).ConclusionsFurther studies are required to determine whether acetazolamide is a potential treatment for equine glaucoma.
Perception of language variation in the speech of Singaporean political leaders
Authors: Lim Sheryl W. X. , Ng Bee Chin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThough politicians consciously or unconsciously vary their speech style to create a more positive response from the voting public, we have little empirical evidence attesting to its effectiveness. This study investigates the attitudes of 254 Singaporeans (aged 21–70) towards the use of two English varieties, Standard Singapore English (SSE) and Colloquial Singapore English (CSE) by politicians using both a modified matched‐guise technique followed up with a semi‐structured interview. Participants listened to enacted recordings of political speeches in both English varieties and made personality trait ratings. The results reveal that SSE is rated significantly higher on trustworthiness, reliability and status and these are correlated with higher socioeconomic status. Age‐related patterns are found for the solidarity traits as the younger adults evaluate CSE significantly more favourably. This paper presents a nuanced analysis of English as a political language medium and the ideologies that contribute to resistance or support for the different English varieties.
On the mechanisms of brain blood flow regulation during hypoxia
Authors: Mascarenhas Alexander , Braga Alice , Majernikova Sara Maria , Nizari Shereen , Marletta Debora , Theparambil Shefeeq M. , Aziz Qadeer , Marina Nephtali , Gourine Alexander V. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe brain requires an uninterrupted supply of oxygen and nutrients to support the high metabolic needs of billions of nerve cells processing information. In low oxygen conditions, increases in cerebral blood flow maintain brain oxygen delivery, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for dilation of cerebral blood vessels in response to hypoxia are not fully understood. This article presents a systematic review and analysis of data reported in studies of these mechanisms. Our primary outcome measure was the percent reduction of the cerebrovascular response to hypoxia in conditions of pharmacological or genetic blockade of specific signaling mechanisms studied in experimental animals or in humans. Selection criteria were met by 28 articles describing the results of animal studies and six articles describing the results of studies conducted in humans. Selected studies investigated the potential involvement of various neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, vasoactive molecules and ion channels. Of all the experimental conditions, blockade of adenosine‐mediated signaling and inhibition of ATP‐sensitive potassium (KATP) channels had the most significant effect in reducing the cerebrovascular response to hypoxia (by 49% and 37%, respectively). Various degree reductions of the hypoxic response were also reported in studies which investigated the roles of nitric oxide, arachidonic acid derivates, catecholamines and hydrogen sulphide, amongst others. However, definitive conclusions about the importance of these signaling pathways cannot be drawn from the results of this analysis. In conclusion, there is significant evidence that one of the key mechanisms of hypoxic cerebral vasodilation (accounting for ∼50% of the response) involves the actions of adenosine and modulation of vascular KATP channels. However, recruitment of other vasodilatory signaling mechanisms is required for the full expression of the cerebrovascular response to hypoxia.
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Detection of naturally acquired, strain-transcending antibodies against rosetting
Plasmodium falciparum
strains in humans
Authors: McLean Florence E. , Azasi Yvonne , Sutherland Cameron , Toboh Emmanuel , Ansong Daniel , Agbenyega Tsiri , Awandare Gordon , Rowe J. Alexandra 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Strain-transcending antibodies against virulence-associated subsets of
P. falciparum
-infected erythrocyte surface antigens could protect children from severe malaria. However, the evidence supporting the existence of such antibodies is incomplete and inconsistent. One subset of surface antigens associated with severe malaria, rosette-mediating
Plasmodium falciparum
Erythrocyte Membrane Protein one (PfEMP1) variants, cause infected erythrocytes to bind to uninfected erythrocytes to form clusters of cells (rosettes) that contribute to microvascular obstruction and pathology. Here, we tested plasma from 80 individuals living in malaria-endemic regions for IgG recognition of the surface of four
P. falciparum
rosetting strains using flow cytometry. Broadly reactive plasma samples were then used in antibody elution experiments in which intact IgG was eluted from the surface of infected erythrocytes and transferred to heterologous rosetting strains to look for strain-transcending antibodies. We found that seroprevalence (percentage of positive plasma samples) against allopatric rosetting strains was high in adults (63%–93%) but lower in children (13%–48%). Strain-transcending antibodies were present in nine out of eleven eluted antibody experiments, with six of these recognizing multiple heterologous rosetting parasite strains. One eluate had rosette-disrupting activity against heterologous strains, suggesting PfEMP1 as the likely target of the strain-transcending antibodies. Naturally acquired strain-transcending antibodies to rosetting
P. falciparum
strains in humans have not been directly demonstrated previously. Their existence suggests that such antibodies could play a role in clinical protection and raises the possibility that conserved epitopes recognized by strain-transcending antibodies could be targeted therapeutically by monoclonal antibodies or vaccines.
Siah2- and LRSAM1-mediated K63-linked ubiquitination of snakehead vesiculovirus nucleoprotein facilitates viral replication
Authors: Jiang Ningyan , Zhao Hongyan , Qin Xiangmou , Zhang Yong-An , Tu Jiagang 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Nucleoprotein (N) is well known for its function in the encapsidation of the genomic RNAs of negative-strand RNA viruses, which leads to the formation of ribonucleoproteins that serve as templates for viral transcription and replication. However, the function of the N protein in other aspects during viral infection is far from clear. In this study, the N protein of snakehead vesiculovirus (SHVV), a kind of fish rhabdovirus, was proved to be ubiquitinated mainly via K63-linked ubiquitination. We identified nine host E3 ubiquitin ligases that interacted with SHVV N, among which seven E3 ubiquitin ligases facilitated ubiquitination of the N protein. Further investigation revealed that only two E3 ubiquitin ligases, Siah E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2 (Siah2) and leucine-rich repeat and sterile alpha motif containing 1 (LRSAM1), mediated K63-linked ubiquitination of the N protein. SHVV infection upregulated the expression of Siah2 and LRSAM1, which maintained the stability of SHVV N. Besides, overexpression of Siah2 or LRSAM1 promoted SHVV replication, while knockdown of Siah2 or LRSAM1 inhibited SHVV replication. Deletion of the ligase domain of Siah2 or LRSAM1 did not affect their interactions with SHVV N but reduced the K63-linked ubiquitination of SHVV N and SHVV replication. In summary, Siah2 and LRSAM1 mediate K63-linked ubiquitination of SHVV N to facilitate SHVV replication, which provides novel insights into the role of the N proteins of negative-strand RNA viruses.

IMPORTANCE
Ubiquitination of viral protein plays an important role in viral replication. However, the ubiquitination of the nucleoprotein (N) of negative-strand RNA viruses has rarely been investigated. This study aimed at investigating the ubiquitination of the N protein of a fish rhabdovirus SHVV (snakehead vesiculovirus), identifying the related host E3 ubiquitin ligases, and determining the role of SHVV N ubiquitination and host E3 ubiquitin ligases in viral replication. We found that SHVV N was ubiquitinated mainly via K63-linked ubiquitination, which was mediated by host E3 ubiquitin ligases Siah2 (Siah E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2) and LRSAM1 (leucine-rich repeat and sterile alpha motif containing 1). The data suggested that Siah2 and LRSAM1 were hijacked by SHVV to ubiquitinate the N protein for viral replication, which exhibited novel anti-SHVV targets for drug design.
Comparative genomic analysis of
Bradyrhizobium
strains with natural variability in the efficiency of nitrogen fixation, competitiveness, and adaptation to stressful edaphoclimatic conditions
Authors: Klepa Milena Serenato , diCenzo George Colin , Hungria Mariangela 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Bradyrhizobium
is known for fixing atmospheric nitrogen in symbiosis with agronomically important crops. This study focused on two groups of strains, each containing eight natural variants of the parental strains,
Bradyrhizobium japonicum
SEMIA 586 (=CNPSo 17) or
Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens
SEMIA 566 (=CNPSo 10). CNPSo 17 and CNPSo 10 were used as commercial inoculants for soybean crops in Brazil at the beginning of the crop expansion in the southern region in the 1960s–1970s. Variants derived from these parental strains were obtained in the late 1980s through a strain selection program aimed at identifying elite strains adapted to a new cropping frontier in the central-western Cerrado region, with a higher capacity of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) and competitiveness. Here, we aimed to detect genetic variations possibly related to BNF, competitiveness for nodule occupancy, and adaptation to the stressful conditions of the Brazilian Cerrado soils. High-quality genome assemblies were produced for all strains. The core genome phylogeny revealed that strains of each group are closely related, as confirmed by high average nucleotide identity values. However, variants accumulated divergences resulting from horizontal gene transfer, genomic rearrangements, and nucleotide polymorphisms. The
B. japonicum
group presented a larger pangenome and a higher number of nucleotide polymorphisms than the
B. diazoefficiens
group, possibly due to its longer adaptation time to the Cerrado soil. Interestingly, five strains of the
B. japonicum
group carry two plasmids. The genetic variability found in both groups is discussed considering the observed differences in their BNF capacity, competitiveness for nodule occupancy, and environmental adaptation.

IMPORTANCE

Today, Brazil is a global leader in the study and use of biological nitrogen fixation with soybean crops. As Brazilian soils are naturally void of soybean-compatible bradyrhizobia, strain selection programs were established, starting with foreign isolates. Selection searched for adaptation to the local edaphoclimatic conditions, higher efficiency of nitrogen fixation, and strong competitiveness for nodule occupancy. We analyzed the genomes of two parental strains of
Bradyrhizobium japonicum
and
Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens
and eight variant strains derived from each parental strain. We detected two plasmids in five strains and several genetic differences that might be related to adaptation to the stressful conditions of the soils of the Brazilian Cerrado biome. We also detected genetic variations in specific regions that may impact symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Our analysis contributes to new insights into the evolution of
Bradyrhizobium
, and some of the identified differences may be applied as genetic markers to assist strain selection programs.
Illness perceptions, experiences of stigma and engagement in functional neurological disorder (FND): exploring the role of multidisciplinary group education sessions
Authors: Bailey Cate , Agrawal Niruj , Cope Sarah , Proctor Barnaby , Mildon Bridget , Butler Matt , Holt Kate , Edwards Mark , Poole Norman , Nicholson Timothy R 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundA critical first step in managing functional neurological disorder (FND) is a positive diagnosis and clear explanation using an understandable illness model. Multidisciplinary group education sessions are one way to achieve this, with some evidence they improve understanding, confidence in diagnosis and outcomes with further treatment. In many conditions, illness perceptions and stigma affect distress, functioning, quality of life and engagement. Exploring relationships between these factors could lead to deeper understanding of the impact of education.MethodsQuestionnaires assessing illness perceptions, quality of life, mood, anxiety, comorbidities, treatment engagement and stigma (both experienced and anticipated) were completed before, immediately and 1 month after a multidisciplinary online group education session for FND at a regional neurosciences centre. Free-text data on causal attributions and needs were also collected.Results166 patients attended online education sessions from January 2022 to July 2023; 61 (37%) completed presession surveys, 42 (25%) completed postsession and 35 (21%) completed 1 month postsession surveys. Patients reported multiple comorbidities, poor quality of life, functioning and high levels of stigma. Illness perception scores indicated FND as threatening, mysterious and unpredictable, with low personal or treatment control over symptoms. Illness coherence/understanding (mean difference 2.27, p<0.01, 95% CI 1.22 to 4.23) and engagement (mean difference 2.42, p<0.01, 95% CI 0.46 to 4.36) increased after the session. There were no significant changes in stigma, distress, sense of control or anticipated discrimination. Free-text analysis revealed stress and trauma as the most common causal attributions, followed by physical illnesses. Patients requested personalised formulations, practical disability advice, help with explaining the condition to others (eg, employers), peer support and treatment.ConclusionMultidisciplinary group FND education sessions potentially improve patient understanding and engagement. Clinicians should consider the possible benefits of personalised formulations and linking to practical and peer support. Further work assessing illness perceptions is needed, such as adapting measures for FND.
Heartbeat evoked potentials and autonomic arousal during dissociative seizures: insights from electrophysiology and neuroimaging
Authors: Flasbeck Vera , Jungilligens Johannes , Lemke Isabell , Beckers Jule , Öztürk Hilal , Wellmer Jörg , Seliger Corinna , Juckel Georg , Popkirov Stoyan 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionDissociative seizures often occur in the context of dysregulated affective arousal and entail dissociative symptoms such as a disintegration of bodily awareness. However, the interplay between affective arousal and changes in interoceptive processing at the onset of dissociative seizures is not well understood.MethodsUsing retrospective routine data obtained from video-electroencephalography telemetry in a university hospital epilepsy monitoring unit, we investigate ictal changes in cardiac indices of autonomic arousal and heartbeat evoked potentials (HEPs) in 24 patients with dissociative seizures.ResultsResults show autonomic arousal during seizures with increased heart rate and a shift towards sympathetic activity. Compared with baseline, ictal HEP amplitudes over central and right prefrontal electrodes (F8, Fz) were significantly less pronounced during seizures, suggesting diminished cortical representation of interoceptive information. Significant correlations between heart rate variability measures and HEPs were observed at baseline, with more sympathetic and less parasympathetic activity related to less pronounced HEPs. Interestingly, these relationships weakened during seizures, suggesting a disintegration of autonomic arousal and interoceptive processing during dissociative seizures. In a subgroup of 16 patients, MRI-based cortical thickness analysis found a correlation with HEP amplitudes in the left somatosensory association cortex.ConclusionsThese findings possibly represent an electrophysiological hint of how autonomic arousal could negatively impact bodily awareness in dissociative seizures, and how these processes might be related to underlying brain structure.
Quality of life, functioning and participation of adult patients with an amputation following complex regional pain syndrome I or brachial plexus injury: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Domerchie Patrick , van Kammen Klaske , van Wijk Iris , Lange Maaike , Van der Sluis Corry K 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionThis planned scoping review aims to provide insight into current literature regarding perceived quality of life (QoL), functioning and participation of patients with upper limb amputations (ULA) because of therapy-resistant debilitating complex regional pain syndrome type I (CRPS-I) or brachial plexus injury (BPI). It is important to gain insight into these outcomes, so we can properly inform and select patients eligible for amputation.Methods and analysisJoanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews, Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Scoping Reviews guidelines and Arksey and O’Malley’s framework will be used. Studies regarding adult patients with either BPI or CRPS-I who underwent ULA will be considered for inclusion. Studies should include one or more of the following topics: QoL, functioning or participation and should be written in English, German or Dutch. Searches will be conducted in the Cochrane database, PubMed, EMBASE and Google Scholar. Search strings will be provided by a licenced librarian. All relevant literatures will be considered for inclusion, regardless of published date, in order to give a full scope of available literature. Studies will be selected first by title, then abstract and finally by full article by two reviewers who will discuss after every round. A third reviewer will make final decisions to reach consensus if needed. Data will be presented as brief summaries and in tables using a modified data extraction table.Ethics and disseminationNo ethical approval is required since no original data will be collected. Results will be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presentations at (inter)national conferences.
Effectiveness of self-management programmes for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Iyngkaran Pupalan , Buhler Monika , de Courten Maximilian , Hanna Fahad 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionChronic disease self-management (CDSM) is a vital component of congestive heart failure (CHF) programmes. Recent CHF guidelines have downgraded CDSM programmes citing a lack of gold-standard evidence. This protocol describes the aims and methods of a systematic review to collate and synthesise the published research evidence to determine the effectiveness of CDSM programmes and interventions for patients treated for CHF.MethodsMedline, PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PsycINFO, SCOPUS, Web of Science, the Science Citation Index and registers of clinical trials will be searched from 1966 to 2024. In addition, the reference lists of shortlisted articles will be reviewed. Randomised controlled trials, with case management interventions of CDSM and CHF with reported major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), will be extracted and analysed. There is no restriction on language. Study protocol template developed from Cochrane Collaboration and Reporting adheres to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocol guidelines for systematic review and meta-analyses 2020. Two independent authors will apply inclusions and exclusion criteria to limit article search and assess bias and certainty of evidence rating. Data extraction and study description of included studies will include quality appraisal of studies and quantitative synthesis of data will then be undertaken to ascertain evidence for the study aims. Subgroup analyses will be conducted for different CDSM programmes. The primary outcome will be a significant change in MACE parameters between intervention and control arms. Meta-analysis will be conducted using statistical software, if feasible.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not sought as the study is not collecting primary patient data. The results of this study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed scientific journals and also presented to audiences through meetings and scientific conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023431539.