bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Working memory for vibrotactile frequencies: Comparison of cortical activity in blind and sighted individuals
Authors: Burton Harold , Sinclair Robert J. , Dixit Sachin 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn blind, occipital cortex showed robust activation to nonvisual stimuli in many prior functional neuroimaging studies. The cognitive processes represented by these activations are not fully determined, although a verbal recognition memory role has been demonstrated. In congenitally blind and sighted (10 per group), we contrasted responses to a vibrotactile one‐back frequency retention task with 5‐s delays and a vibrotactile amplitude‐change task; both tasks involved the same vibration parameters. The one‐back paradigm required continuous updating for working memory (WM). Findings in both groups confirmed roles in WM for right hemisphere dorsolateral prefrontal (DLPFC) and dorsal/ventral attention components of posterior parietal cortex. Negative findings in bilateral ventrolateral prefrontal cortex suggested task performance without subvocalization. In bilateral occipital cortex, blind showed comparable positive responses to both tasks, whereas WM evoked large negative responses in sighted. Greater utilization of attention resources in blind were suggested as causing larger responses in dorsal and ventral attention systems, right DLPFC, and persistent responses across delays between trials in somatosensory and premotor cortex. In sighted, responses in somatosensory and premotor areas showed iterated peaks matched to stimulation trial intervals. The findings in occipital cortex of blind suggest that tactile activations do not represent cognitive operations for nonverbal WM task. However, these data suggest a role in sensory processing for tactile information in blind that parallels a similar contribution for visual stimuli in occipital cortex of sighted. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessment of white matter tract damage in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Pievani Michela , Agosta Federica , Pagani Elisabetta , Canu Elisa , Sala Stefania , Absinta Martina , Geroldi Cristina , Ganzola Rossana , Frisoni Giovanni B. , Filippi Massimo 
Published: February 2010

AbstractDiffusion tensor MRI‐based tractography was used to investigate white matter (WM) changes in the major limbic (i.e., fornix and cingulum) and cortico‐cortical association pathways [i.e., the uncinate fasciculus, the inferior fronto‐occipital fasciculus, the inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF), the superior longitudinal fasciculus, and the corpus callosum] in 25 Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, 19 amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) patients, and 15 healthy controls (HC). Mean diffusivity (MD), fractional anisotropy (FA), as well as axial (DA) and radial (DR) diffusivities were measured for each tract, using an atlas‐based tractography approach. The association of WM tract integrity with hippocampal volume was also assessed. MD values were significantly different among groups in all WM tracts (P values ranging from 0.002 to 0.03), except in the fornix (P = 0.06) and the inferior fronto‐occipital fasciculus (P = 0.09). Conversely, FA was significantly different among groups in the fornix only (P = 0.02). DA values were significantly different among groups in all WM tracts (P values ranging from 0.001 to 0.01), except in the fornix (P = 0.13) and the cingulum (P = 0.29). Significantly different DR values among groups were found in the fornix (P = 0.02) and the ILF (P = 0.01). In the fornix and cingulum, DR was significantly more increased than DA in both patient groups compared to HC. No difference in DA versus DR was found in cortico‐cortical WM tracts. DA values in the fornix were significantly correlated with the hippocampal volume. This study demonstrates a different pattern of WM involvement in the limbic and cortico‐cortical association pathways in aMCI and AD patients. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modern multimodality therapy for pediatric nonorbital parameningeal sarcomas
Authors: Zevallos Jose P. , Jain Kunal , Roberts Dianna , Santillan Alfredo A. , Huh Winston , Hanna Ehab Y. , Kupferman Michael E. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackgroundNonorbital parameningeal sarcomas are rare, aggressive tumors that arise predominantly in the pediatric population. The purpose of this study was to review their management and to clarify the role of surgery in their treatment.MethodsTreatment, prognostic factors, and outcomes for patients over a 10‐year period were reviewed.ResultsIn all, 34 patients were identified. The most common tumor site was the maxillary sinus, and 73% were rhabdomyosarcoma. Six patients (18%) presented with positive nodal metastases and 3 patients (10%) presented with distant metastases. Overall, 18 patients were treated surgically. Locoregional recurrence rate was 43%; no patients developed distant recurrence. Five‐year overall survival was 66.8%, disease‐specific survival was 68.1%, and disease‐free survival was 31.9%.ConclusionsPediatric nonorbital parameningeal sarcomas require aggressive multimodality treatment. Although chemotherapy and radiation constitute the treatment of choice in most cases, surgery may have a role as salvage therapy and in cases that fail to respond to chemoradiation. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Overlapping and distinct role of CXCR7‐SDF‐1/ITAC and CXCR4‐SDF‐1 axes in regulating metastatic behavior of human rhabdomyosarcomas
Authors: Grymula Katarzyna , Tarnowski Maciej , Wysoczynski Marcin , Drukala Justyna , Barr Frederic G. , Ratajczak Janina , Kucia Magdalena , Ratajczak Mariusz Z. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe have demonstrated that the α‐chemokine stromal‐derived factor (SDF)‐1‐CXCR4 axis plays an important role in rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) metastasis. With the recent description of CXCR7, a new receptor for SDF‐1 that also binds the interferon‐inducible T‐cell α chemoattractant (ITAC) chemokine, we became interested in the role of the CXCR7‐SDF‐1/ITAC axis in RMS progression. To address this issue, we evaluated 6 highly metastatic alveolar (A)RMS and 3 less metastatic embryonal (E)RMS cell lines and found that all these cell lines express CXCR7. Although CXCR4 was expressed at a much higher level by highly metastatic ARMS lines, CXCR7 was present at a high level on ERMS lines. We also noticed that CXCR7 expression on RMS cells was downregulated in hypoxic conditions. More importantly, the CXCR7 receptor on RMS cell lines was functional after stimulation with ITAC and SDF‐1 as evidenced by mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK)p42/44 and AKT phosphorylation as well as CXCR7 internalization, chemotaxis, cell motility and adhesion assays. Similarly to CXCR4, signaling from activated CXCR7 was not associated with increased RMS proliferation or cell survival. Moreover, CXCR7+ RMS cells responded to SDF‐1 and I‐TAC in the presence of CXCR4 antagonists (T140, AMD3100). Furthermore, while intravenous injection of RMS cells with overexpressed CXCR7 resulted in increased seeding efficiency of tumor cells to bone marrow, CXCR7 downregulation showed the opposite effect. In conclusion, the CXCR7‐SDF‐1/ITAC axis is involved in the progression of RMS; targeting of the CXCR4‐SDF‐1 axis alone without simultaneous blockage of CXCR7 will be an inefficient strategy for inhibiting SDF‐1‐mediated prometastatic responses of RMS cells.
KIF1A and EDNRB are differentially methylated in primary HNSCC and salivary rinses
Authors: Demokan Semra , Chang Xiaofei , Chuang Alice , Mydlarz Wojciech K. , Kaur Jatinder , Huang Peng , Khan Zubair , Khan Tanbir , Ostrow Kimberly L. , Brait Mariana , Hoque Mohammad O. , Liegeois Nanette J. , Sidransky David , Koch Wayne , Califano Joseph A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractSilencing of tumor suppressor genes plays a vital role in head and neck carcinogenesis. In this study, we aimed to evaluate to the utility of aberrant promoter hypermethylation for detection in a panel of 10 genes (KIF1A, EDNRB, CDH4, TERT, CD44, NISCH, PAK3, VGF, MAL and FKBP4) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) via a candidate gene approach. We investigated methylation of the gene promoters by bisulfite modification and quantitative methylation‐specific PCR (Q‐MSP) in a preliminary study of a limited cohort of salivary rinses from healthy subjects (n = 61) and patients with HNSCC (n = 33). The methylation status of 2 selected genes (EDNRB and KIF1A) were then analyzed in 15 normal mucosa samples from a healthy population, 101 HNSCC tumors and the corresponding salivary rinses from 71 out of the 101 HNSCC patients were collected before treatment. The promoter regions of CDH4, TERT, VGF, MAL, FKBP4, NISCH and PAK3 were methylated in normal salivary rinses while no methylation of CD44 was observed in either normal salivary rinses or tumor samples. However, KIF1A and EDNRB were methylated in 98 and 97% of primary HNSCC tissues respectively and were only methylated in 2 and 6.6% of normal salivary rinses. In addition, KIF1A and EDNRB were methylated in 38 and 67.6% of salivary rinses from HNSCC patients, respectively. Promoter hypermethylation of KIF1A and EDNRB is a frequent event in primary HNSCC, and these genes are preferentially methylated in salivary rinses from HNSCC patients. KIF1A and EDNRB are potential biomarkers for HNSCC detection.
The benefits of rapid 3D fMRI
Authors: Lindquist Martin A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) provides the ability to image blood dynamics through the entire brain with a high spatial resolution. However, the temporal resolution is much slower than the underlying neuronal activity one seeks to infer. Recent developments in rapid imaging allow 3D fMRI studies to be performed at a temporal resolution of 100 ms; a 10‐fold increase compared to standard approaches. This increase in temporal resolution offers a number of potential benefits. First, it allows the focus of analysis to be shifted from changes in blood flow taking place 5–8 s after neuronal activity to more transient changes taking place immediately following activation. We argue that studying these changes provides valuable information about the relative timing of activation across different regions of the brain, which is crucial for inferring brain pathways. Second, rapid imaging allows for the efficient modeling of physiological artifacts without problems with aliasing; something that is difficult at standard resolutions. We illustrate how removal of these artifacts provides the increase in signal‐to‐noise ratio required for studying the subtle changes in oxygenation we are interested in. Finally, we show how high temporal resolution data provides the opportunity to focus the analysis on the rate of change in oxygenation rather than the level of oxygenation as is the current practice. The price of performing rapid imaging studies is a decrease in spatial resolution. However, we argue that the resolution is still comparable to the effective resolution used in most fMRI studies. We illustrate our approach using two fMRI data sets. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 20, 14–22, 2010
Matrix‐independent stimulation of human tubular epithelial cell migration by Rho kinase inhibitors
Authors: Kroening Sven , Stix Jana , Keller Christof , Streiff Cedric , Goppelt‐Struebe Margarete 
Published: February 2010

AbstractProximal tubular epithelial cells differ from other epithelial cells in the expression of N‐cadherin as major adherens junction protein instead of E‐cadherin. Migration of proximal epithelial cells (HKC‐8) was analyzed by scratch wounding and by a barrier assay, which allowed determination of migration velocity on different extracellular matrices. Migration velocity was about threefold higher on fibronectin compared to collagen IV. The differential migration velocity was reflected by the orientation of F‐actin stress fibers. TGF‐β activated secretion of fibronectin and thus increased migration on collagen IV, but did not further promote migration on fibronectin. Pharmacological inhibition of Rho kinases (ROCKs) by Y‐27632, hydroxyfasudil and H‐1152, or siRNA against ROCKs significantly increased migration velocity independently of the extracellular matrix. Cells at the migration front showed long filopodia, which could not be mimicked by overexpression of consitutively active Cdc42, indicative of a more complex regulation of F‐actin structures. N‐cadherin was reorganized from tight zipper‐like structures into loosened cell–cell contacts upon incubation with Y‐27632, but HKC‐8 cells still migrated as cohort. Migration through single cell pores in a modified Boyden chamber assay was also stimulated by ROCK inhibitors. ROCK inhibitors enhanced migration of primary cultures of renal tubular cells which consisted of proximal and distal tubular cells expressing N‐cadherin and E‐cadherin, respectively. There was no indication of a switch in cadherin expression in these cells or a preferential migration of N‐cadherin expressing cells. Pharmacologic inhibition of ROCKs may thus favor repair processes in renal tubules by increasing the migratory capacity of tubular epithelial cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 223:703–712, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mitogen‐activated protein kinases support survival of activated microglia that mediate thrombin‐induced striatal injury in organotypic slice culture
Authors: Ohnishi Masatoshi , Katsuki Hiroshi , Izumi Yasuhiko , Kume Toshiaki , Takada‐Takatori Yuki , Akaike Akinori 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIntracerebral hemorrhage‐associated tissue damage is triggered by blood‐derived serine proteases such as thrombin. In addition, our previous studies have suggested that mitogen‐activated protein (MAP) kinases contribute to intracerebral hemorrhage‐ and thrombin‐induced striatal tissue damage in vivo. Here we addressed the mechanisms of MAP kinase involvement in thrombin cytotoxicity in rat corticostriatal slice culture, focusing on striatal tissue damage. Thrombin induced apoptotic nuclear condensation and fragmentation in striatal cells, which was suppressed by DEVD‐CHO, a caspase‐3 inhibitor. DEVD‐CHO also prevented shrinkage of the striatal tissue induced by thrombin. Phagocytotic activity may be involved in tissue deterioration, because a phagocytosis inhibitor (cytochalasin D) and an inhibitor of phagocytosis of apoptotic cells (O‐phospho‐L‐serine) suppressed shrinkage of the striatal tissue. OX42 immunostaining revealed that apoptosis‐like microglial cell death was induced only when thrombin treatment was combined with application of inhibitors of MAP kinase/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase kinase (PD98059), p38 MAP kinase (SB203580), or c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (SP600125). Thrombin‐induced increase in the number of microglia was also prevented by these inhibitors of MAP kinase pathways. We also found that thrombin‐induced production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α was inhibited by PD98059, SB203580, and SP600125. Finally, thrombin‐induced neuronal apoptosis and shrinkage of the striatal tissue were significantly inhibited by anti‐TNF‐α neutralizing antibody. These results suggest that MAP kinases contribute to thrombin‐induced striatal damage by supporting survival of activated microglia, which induce neuron death by producing TNF‐α and cause tissue shrinkage by phagocytosing apoptotic cells. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Endocytic uptake of fluorescence labelled DNA in yeast
Authors: Riechers Sean‐Patrick , Stahl Ulf , Lang Christine 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAfter dispiriting results using viral vectors in gene therapy, by which a number of patients acquired cancer as a result of the use of retroviral vector constructs, the percentage of non‐viral approaches has increased over recent years. To elucidate potential bottlenecks in the non‐viral transfection process we here introduce a novel method to directly visualize endocytic non‐viral DNA uptake in a transfection approach. This novel method allows for the first time to monitor the location of DNA which is taken up by endocytosis in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) wild type and mutant strains. More specifically it enables drawing conclusions about conditions favouring non‐viral gene transfection. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
High‐resolution diatom δ18O records, from the last 150 years, reflecting changes in amount of winter precipitation in two sub‐Arctic high‐altitude lakes in the Swedish Scandes
Authors: Jonsson Christina E. , Rosqvist Gunhild C. , Leng Melanie J. , Bigler Christian , Bergman Jonas , Tillman Päivi Kaislahti , Sloane Hilary J. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWaters from high‐altitude alpine lakes are mainly recharged by meteoric water. Because of seasonal variations in precipitation and temperature and relatively short hydraulic residence times, most high‐altitude lakes have lake water isotopic compositions (δ18Olake) that fluctuate due to seasonality in water balance processes. Input from snowmelt, in particular, has a significant role in determining lake water δ18O. Here we compare two high‐resolution δ18Odiatom records from lake sediments in the Swedish Scandes with instrumental data from the last century obtained from nearby meteorological stations. The time period AD 1900–1990 is characterised by an increase in winter precipitation and high winter/summer precipitation ratios and this is recorded in δ18Odiatom as decreasing trends. Lowest δ18Odiatom values and highest amount of winter precipitation are found around AD 1990 when the winter North Atlantic Oscillation index was above +2. We conclude that for the last 150 a the main factor affecting the δ18Odiatom signal in these sub‐Arctic high‐altitude lakes with short residence times has been changes in amount of winter precipitation and that δ18Odiatom derived from high‐altitude lakes in the Swedish Scandes can be used as a winter precipitation proxy. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of Hadamard transform to gas chromatography/nonresonant multiphoton ionization/time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Cheng Chao‐Chiang , Chang Hung‐Wei , Uchimura Tomohiro , Imasaka Totaro , Kaneta Takashi , Lin Cheng‐Huang 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe technique of Hadamard transform was successfully coupled with GC/nonresonant multiphoton ionization/TOFMS, for the first time. 1,4‐Dichlorobenzene and the fourth harmonic generation (266 nm) of a Nd:YAG laser were employed as a model sample and an ionization laser, respectively. A Hadamard‐injector coupled with a capillary‐based supersonic jet nozzle (capillary‐injector) was also developed in this study. The Hadamard‐injector was used to obtain the chromatogram, which was encoded by successive sample introduction based on Hadamard codes, and the capillary‐injector was used for injection of GC‐elutes into TOFMS. Compared with a conventional single injection method, the S/N ratios were substantially improved after inverse Hadamard transformation of the encoded chromatogram. Under optimized conditions, when Hadamard matrices of 103 and 255 were used, the S/N ratios of the signals for 1,4‐dichlorobenzene (concentration level, 4 μg/1 mL ACN) were substantially improved to 4.1‐ and 6.6‐fold, respectively, and those improvements are in good agreement with those obtained by theory (5.1‐ and 8.0‐fold).
Fractionation and Analysis of an Impact Poly(propylene) Copolymer by TREF and SEC‐FTIR
Authors: de Goede Elana , Mallon Peter , Pasch Harald 
Published: February 2010

AbstractTREF fractionation was combined with SEC‐FTIR analysis to measure the compositional heterogeneity within a commercial impact PP copolymer. The chemical composition of all fractions was determined as function of their molecular weight distribution. This approach proved to be highly successful at identifying different constituents within fractions exhibiting bimodal molecular weight distributions. Furthermore, the determination of ethylene and propylene crystallinity distribution across the molecular weight distribution confirmed the morphological nature of each of the components of the bimodal distribution. It is demonstrated that the combination of TREF and SEC‐FTIR provides a simple alternative to more time‐consuming conventional ways of characterising impact PP copolymers of complex heterogeneity.magnified image
Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs). Structure—activity relationships: history and new QSAR perspectives
Authors: Pontiki Eleni , Hadjipavlou‐Litina Dimitra 
Published: February 2010

AbstractHistone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition is a recent, clinically validated therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. HDAC inhibitors (HDACIs) block angiogenesis, arrest cell growth, and lead to differentiation and apoptosis in tumor cells. In this article, a survey of published quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSARs) studies are presented and discussed in the hope of identifying the structural determinants for anticancer activity. Secondly a two‐dimensional QSAR study was carried out on biological results derived from various types of HDACIs and from different assays using the C‐QSAR program of Biobyte. The QSAR analysis presented here is an attempt to organize the knowledge on the HDACIs with the purpose of designing new chemical entities with enhanced inhibitory potencies and to study the mechanism of action of the compounds. This study revealed that lipophilicity is one of the most important determinants of activity. Additionally, steric factors such as the overall molar refractivity (CMR), molar volume (MgVol), the substituent's molar refractivity (MR) (linear or parabola), or the sterimol parameters B1 and L are important. Electronic parameters indicated as σp, are found to be present only in one case.  © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev 32:1‐165, 2012
The pharmacological management of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Bishara Delia 
Published: February 2010

AbstractProgress in Neurology and Psychiatry is running a series of articles on the major psychiatric drug groups, produced in association with the College of Mental Health Pharmacists. In this article, Delia Bishara discusses the use of cognitive enhancers in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias and provides an overview of new treatments in development. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Interface Ltd
SNRI‐NaSSA combination therapy for treatment‐resistant depression
Authors: Pandarakalam James Paul 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAlthough more quality research is required to inform clinical practice, serotonin‐noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor ‐ noradrenaline and specific serotonergic antidepressant (SNRI‐NaSSA) combination therapy shows promise for treatment‐resistant depression. Here, Dr Pandarakalam discusses the rationale behind the use of this combination and some of the evidence gained so far for its efficacy. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Interface Ltd