bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of exercise training on renal function and renal aquaporin‐2 expression in rats with chronic heart failure
Authors: Lin Qin‐Qin , Lin Rong , Ji Qiao‐Li , Zhang Ji‐Ye , Wang Wei‐Rong , Yang Li‐Na , Zhang Kai‐Fan 
Published: January 2011

Summary1. Chronic heart failure (CHF) is often accompanied by renal dysfunction. Exercise training may relieve the symptomatic burden and improve the overall prognosis of CHF. In the present study, the effects of exercise training on renal function and renal aquaporin (AQP)‐2 expression in CHF rats were examined to determine whether exercise training could relieve renal dysfunction in CHF rats.2. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into three groups: sham, sedentary CHF (Sed‐CHF) and exercise training CHF (Ex‐CHF) groups. Cardiorenal function was assessed in each group by haemodynamic measurement and ultraviolet spectrophotometry. Pathological changes in cardiac and renal tissues were evaluated histologically and the collagen volume fraction (CVF) was calculated. The expressions of AQP‐2 and β‐tubulin were determined by western blotting and immunohistochemistry.3. The Sed‐CHF rats were found to have increased left ventricular end‐diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and CVF in the heart compared with sham rats. Exercise training decreased LVEDP and CVF values in Ex‐CHF rats. The Sed‐CHF rats were found to have increased serum levels of creatinine (sCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and arginine vasopressin (AVP), as well as increased CVF in the kidney, compared with sham rats. Exercise training decreased levels of sCr, BUN, AVP and CVF in Ex‐CHF rats. Moreover, exercise training decreased AQP‐2 and β‐tubulin protein expression in the kidney of CHF rats.4. The results suggest that exercise training can significantly improve the renal dysfunction in CHF rats and that the underlying mechanism may be related to water reabsorption and preventing changes to the cytoskeleton.
Levetiracetam in children and adolescents with epilepsy and hemiplegic cerebral palsy
Authors: Harbord Michael G 
Published: January 2011

Aim:  To monitor the effect of adding levetiracetam in paediatric patients with hemiplegic cerebral palsy and uncontrolled epilepsy.Methods:  A case series of eight patients with hemiplegic cerebral palsy whose focal seizures were not adequately controlled by their current anticonvulsants were monitored after levetiracetam was added to their medications. If there was a 50% reduction in seizure frequency, then the other anticonvulsants were discontinued. Prolonged follow‐up occurred for a minimum of 2 years.Results:  There were seven males and one female whose ages ranged from 4 years to 17 years. All had focal onset seizures, while seven also had secondarily generalised tonic clonic seizures. Levetiracetam resulted in at least a 50% reduction in seizure frequency in seven, with no change in one. Three were able to wean successfully to monotherapy and remained seizure free for over 2 years. They had a prior history of infrequent seizures, one to six per year. Those who continued to require multiple anticonvulsants had a prior history of more frequent seizures, 6–50/year. Levetiracetam was well tolerated, and none ceased this because of side effects.Conclusion:  Levetiracetam is likely to be an effective anticonvulsant in children and adolescents with hemiplegic cerebral palsy and infrequent but persistent focal seizures.
Personalised epilepsy education intervention for adolescents and impact on knowledge acquisition and psychosocial function
Authors: Frizzell Claire K , Connolly Anne M , Beavis Erin , Lawson John A , Bye Ann ME 
Published: January 2011

Aim:  Patients frequently have poor knowledge of epilepsy, and this is associated with low self‐esteem in adolescence. There is a paucity of data determining whether education alone can improve psychosocial outcome. The study investigated whether an educational intervention in adolescence:
Increased understanding of epilepsy syndrome and general epilepsy knowledge.
Improved self‐esteem, seizure self‐efficacy and attitudes towards epilepsy.
Methods:  In session 1, adolescents were educated about their epilepsy syndrome in a one‐on‐one session, producing a personalised epilepsy medical record. In session 2, the impact of epilepsy on life‐style was discussed. Pre‐ and post‐intervention measures of knowledge, self‐esteem, seizure self‐efficacy and attitudes towards epilepsy were completed using validated scales. Focus groups explored the intervention's value.Results:  Thirty adolescents with epilepsy participated (female: 24, male: 6; median age: 16 years; partial symptomatic epilepsy: 15, generalised idiopathic epilepsy: 15). Self‐knowledge of syndrome (P < 0.0001), general knowledge of epilepsy (P < 0.0001), attitudes towards epilepsy (P= 0.008) and seizure self‐efficacy (P= 0.049) improved. Focus group data indicated that sessions were enjoyable and valuable, and the medical record was helpful.Conclusions:  The intervention significantly improved self‐knowledge and general knowledge of epilepsy, attitudes towards epilepsy and seizure self‐efficacy. This is the first study to demonstrate a positive impact on psychosocial outcomes following an educational intervention without a psychological component. The model has widespread application.
Growth and growth hormone secretion in children after bone marrow transplantation
Authors: SHINOHARA OSAMU , KUBOTA CHIDORI , HINOHARA TOMOYUKI , HATTORI KINYA , YABE HIROMASA , YABE MIHARU , KATO SHUNICHI 
Published: January 2011

AbstractLong‐term sequelae of bone marrow transplantation (BMT) are a major concern among long‐term survivors since the procedure has been considerably developed over the past decade. In this study, linear growth and growth hormone (GH) secretion were evaluated in 25 children (14 males and 11 females) with various neoplastic or non‐neoplastic hematological disorders who had survived for more than 3 years after BMT. Impaired linear growth after BMT, as defined by a change in height standard deviation score (SDS) by more than − 1.0 SD, was observed in 14 patients (56%). Four children showed severe growth suppression with a decrease in SD score by more than 2.0, and 10 exhibited a moderate reduction by between 1.0 and 2.0 SD. A recovery of normal height velocity was observed in those who had received BMT at a younger age. The type of disease, a difference in preconditioning regimen, the presence of chronic graft‐versus‐host disease or a GH secretory capacity 1 year after BMT were not contributing factors for impaired growth. A serial examination of GH secretion with insulin‐induced hypoglycemia demonstrated that poor GH secretion was not necessarily a prerequisite for impaired growth. These results indicate that the secretory status of GH does not predict the future growth pattern of children who received BMT.
Management of colorectal polyps in children
Authors: NAGASAKI AKIRA , YAMANAKA KIYOICHIRO , TOYOHARA TOSHIMITSU , OHGAMI HIROSHI , AOKI TOMONOBU , SUEISHI KATSUO 
Published: January 2011

AbstractForty‐two patients each with a colorectal polyp have been treated in our hospital over the past 10 years. In twenty‐two cases the polyps were noted in the rectum, nine in the sigmoid colon, seven in the descending colon and four in the transverse colon. Each patient had only one polyp. Hematochezia was the main symptom in 29 patients, prolapse of the polyp from the anus in 10, abdominal pain due to intussusception in two and no symptoms were observed in one. Auto‐amputation of the polyp was considered to have occurred in five patients. Twelve rectal polyps were resected from a transanal operation, and another 25 polyps were removed endoscopically with electric cautery. We have had no experience of endoscopic complications such as bleeding or perforation. A histological examination revealed an adenoma in one patient. Other polyps were non‐neoplastic and were classified as juvenile, inflammatory and hyperplastic in 30, two and four patients, respectively. There have been no recurrences of polyps to date.
Irradiated fetal thymus transplantation in a patient with combined immunodeficiency with predominant T cell defect
Authors: HIGUCHI SHIGENORI , YANABE YASUHIDE , TSUCHIYA HIROYUKI , AKAHOSHI IZUMI , UDAKA KEIJI , MIGITA MASAHIRO , MATSUDA ICHIRO 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA 6 month old boy was diagnosed as a case of combined immunodeficiency (with predominant T cell defect by previous classification). His T cell count was decreased, his B cell count in peripheral blood was increased, his serum IgG level was decreased, his serum IgM level was normal and the thymus was not evident on CT scans and magnetic resonance imaging. Administration of the thymus hormone, thymosin, led to a partial recovery of T cell function without normalization of the T cell count. At age 26 months the patient received an irradiated thymus transplantation from a 16 week old female fetus. After the transplantation, the T cell count (mainly CD4+ cells) increased by 50–70%. A mild graft‐versus‐host reaction (GVHR) occurred and several immunosuppressants were prescribed. Chromosome analysis showed that the T cells have both 46 XY and 46 XX karyotypes while the B cells have the 46 XY karyotype alone. His cellular immunity (skin tests, DNA synthesis, mixed lymphocyte reaction, cytotoxic activity and natural killer cell function) and his serum IgG level remained low. However, being on regular r‐globulin therapy and oral anti‐fungal drugs, he is now living normally with almost no trouble at age 6 years and 3 months. This case showed that irradiated thymus transplantation might be a useful method when an adequate donor for bone marrow transplantation is not available. The unexpected observation that the increased T cells were mainly CD4 may be related to the mild GVHR and the clinical improvement.
Inflammatory esophagogastric polyp and fold in an adolescent
Authors: KATO SEIICHI , OZAWA AKIRA , SHIBUYA HIDENORI , NAKAGAWA HIROSHI , NAGANUMA HIROSHI 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe case of a 13 year old boy with an inflammatory esophagogastric polyp and ulcerative colitis is described. Endoscopy revealed a typical polyp and gastric fold complex at the esophagogastric junction and a hiatal hernia. Histology of a biopsy specimen confirmed an inflammatory polyp covered by hyperplastic squamous and gastric foveolar epithelium. Continuous 24 hour esophageal manometry suggested gastroesophageal reflux, which may be related to the pathogenesis of the lesion. Follow‐up endoscopy showed marked regression of the polyp with medication for reflux eosphagitis. This clinical entity is rare in childhood and adolescence, and the manifestations may not be readily recognized. Therefore, endoscopic biopsy is important in children with esophageal polyps. However, polypectomy is unnecessary except when malignancy is suspected or when symptoms persist.
Normal levels of IgG subclass in childhood determined by a sensitive ELISA
Authors: HAYASHIBARA HIROSHI , TANIMOTO KANAME , NAGATA IKUO , HARADA YUICHIRO , SHIRAKI KAZUO 
Published: January 2011

AbstractNormal values of all IgG subclasses were determined using a sensitive ELISA in children aged from newborn to 14 years. The upper and lower limits of normal values of all IgG subclasses were obtained in all the age groups using 29 umbilical cord blood samples from full‐term newborns and 308 venous blood samples from normal infants and children. The trends in the levels of IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3 with age were almost similar to previous reports. IgG4 levels decreased gradually until reaching the lowest level at 7 to 12 months and increased gradually with age, reaching a plateau at 12 to 14 years of age. Thus, the lower limit of serum IgG4 levels was determined using our method.
A study of the hemoglobin levels in breast‐fed infants in one village of Okinawa prefecture
Authors: HOKAMA TOMIKO 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe investigated the prevalence of anemia and the hemoglobin levels in breast‐fed infants. Three hundred and fifty‐six healthy children with different feeding methods were studied longitudinally. The results showed that the prevalence of anemia was higher and the hemoglobin levels were lower in breast‐fed infants compared with those in partially breast‐fed or formula‐fed infants at late infancy.
A case of congenital herpes zoster
Authors: KUSUHARA KOICHI , MIYAZAKI CHIAKI , ISE KEIKO , HIDAKA YASUFUMI , TOKUGAWA KEN , UEDA KOHJI 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA 5 day old girl was transferred to the pediatric ward of Kyushu University Hospital because of papules noted since birth. The papules were distributed on her skin corresponding to the dermatomes innervated by the left Th1‐Th3 and the left L1‐L3. Varicella‐zoster virus antigens were detected in scrapings of incised papules. The diagnosis of herpes zoster was made and acyclovir (ACV) was administered. She responded to ACV well, but she experienced a recurrence twice after discontinuation of ACV. This is the first report of ‘congenital herpes zoster’, which supports the hypothesis that varicella embryopathy is the sequelae of herpes zoster in utero.
Injury surveillance in Australia
Authors: HARRISON JAMES , TYSON DANIEL 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe development of injury surveillance systems in Australia is described from a public health perspective at the national level. Injury surveillance systems have undergone significant changes in recent years and further developments are planned. Three phases or generations are distinguished, each with distinctive features, advantages, and disadvantages. The first generation system was based on by‐product data from routine mortality and morbidity statistics. The second generation system was specifically designed for injury surveillance, mainly using data collected for this purpose in hospital accident and emergency departments. A third generation of public health surveillance systems for injury control is now being developed for Australia. In developing a third generation system, a middle course is being charted. The number of data items and the complexity of classification for routine surveillance are mid‐way between those of the first and second generation systems.
Childhood drownings and near‐drownings in Japan
Authors: MIZUTA RYUZO , FUJITA HIROMI , OSAMURA TOSIO , KIDOWAKI TAKURO , KIYOSAWA NOBUYUKI 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn Japan, the leading cause of death for children over 1 year old is injury, and for children aged 0–14, drowning is the second leading cause of death. The purpose of the present study was to describe the epidemiological factors of drownings and near‐drownings among Japanese children and to ascertain whether there are characteristic patterns for different age groups.Epidemiologic data was obtained by questionnaire. A total of 604 cases of submersion injuries were reported from 49 hospitals located in 22 Japanese prefectures. In the present paper, victims of drowning (n = 134) and near‐drowning with permanent severe brain damage (n = 51) and those of near‐drowning with intact survival or mild impairment (n = 419) were investigated. Preschool‐aged children, especially toddlers, are at the greatest risk of drowning and near‐drowning, and for children over 2 years of age, boys have three times greater risk than girls. The bathtub is the most common place of submersion injuries in Japan, especially for children under 4 years of age. The important risk factors for the victims who died or were severely impaired were associated with duration of submersion and necessity of emergency cardiopulmonary resuscitation on arrival at hospital.
Accidental poisoning of children in Japan: A report from the Japan Poison Information Center
Authors: GOTO KYOKO , KUROKI YUMIKO , SHINTANI SHIGERU , KUSAKAWA SANJI 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe Japan Poison Information Center (JPIC) was founded only 6 years ago as a result of co‐operation between the Ministry of Health and Welfare, the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine, the Japan Pediatric Society and other related medical organizations. The JPIC is the only poison information center admitted by the Ministry of Health and Welfare to provide toxicological information to medical personnel and the general public, and has two offices on duty in alternating 24 h shifts. Every year, JPIC receives about 30 000 inquiries. About 82% of these inquiries are from the general public and 84% of the patients are children 5 years and younger.We contrasted the data in the fiscal year 1991 with the data of the American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC). Child poison exposure in Japan is characterized by a high exposure rate of children under 1 year of age to (mostly) household products. The JPIC also analyzed the cause of tobacco ingestion. It is considered that the Japanese lifestyle causes differences from those reported by AAPCC. We report the accidental poisoning of children in Japan.
Injuries of school‐aged children in Japan: Causes and costs
Authors: YAMANAKA TATSUHIRO 
Published: January 2011

AbstractInjuries of school‐aged children were presented from several data sources. About 80000 schools, from nurseries to upper secondary schools, operate in Japan and are attended by 24.3 million students. About 97% of these young people are insured by the insurance system of the School Safety Division of the National Stadium and School Health Center of Japan. Annual injuries and illnesses total 1.08 million, 1039 cases being impedimentary and 191 causing death. The average incidence of injury and illness is 4.6%, a rate that has been increasing every year since 1960.The activity at the time of injury, the impairment incurred, and the part of the body injured differ with the type of school and depend mainly on the developmental stage of the child. Minor injuries occur at the rate of about 47 cases in elementary schools and 14 in lower secondary schools versus one benefit‐applied injury at a school safety center.The cost of injuries under the control of schools totaled US$124 million per year in 1990. The average amount of benefits per injured student per month was US$63.
Preventing accidents in childhood: A European perspective
Authors: ROGMANS WIM HJ 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAccidental injury is a principal public health issue with important individual, societal and economic consequences. Crude figures show that 2.7 million deaths from injury and poisoning are reported worldwide. In developing and industrialized countries 10–30% of all hospital admissions are due to accidental injuries. In particular, children and adolescents are at risk. In all industrialized countries accidental injuries are the major cause of death and morbidity among children above the age of one. In the domestic safety area much effort has to be invested in improving the safety of the environment and products.In the European region, collaboration among authorities in the framework of the European Community (EC) has been shown to be productive in the area of safety. Although trade interest is predominant in the EC objectives, the need to harmonize national regulations and standards towards common European standards has appeared to be an important vehicle for establishing standards at an optimum level of safety. It has also fostered some collaboration in data collection and analysis and in implementing prevention measures. An even stronger international collaboration is needed for ensuring that appropriate priorities are being set and prevention measures are effectively being implemented.
Respiratory syncytial virus infection in lower respiratory tract and asthma attack in hospitalized children in North Hokkaido, Japan
Authors: SAIJO MASAYUKI , ISHII TAKUMA , KOKUBO MASAYO , TAKIMOTO MASATOSHI , TAKAHASHI YOUJI 
Published: January 2011

AbstractRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is severe and life‐threatening in some infants. To investigate the epidemiology of RSV infection in hospitalized children in North Hokkaido, Japan, we tried to detect RSV antigen in nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA) from those children with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) and asthma attack. From April 1991 to March 1992, 317 patients were hospitalized in our pediatric ward for the treatment of LRTI and asthma attack. The presence of RSV antigen in NPA taken from 283 patients (89.3%) were examined by enzyme immunoassay. RSV antigen was detected in 88 patients (31.1%). RSV LRTI were noted throughout the year, and the epidemic peak was observed in November and December. There was no significant correlation between the RSV antigen positive rate and mean temperature. RSV played an important role in LTRI in children in North Hokkaido, Japan. RSV LRTI in North Hokkaido was not rare in summer, indicating that RSV was transmitted commonly among children throughout the year.
Increased level/dose ratio of amphotericin‐B in premature infants with renal failure
Authors: HIGUCHI RYUZO , KUSUMOTO SACHIKO , BAN HIROSHI , IWAHASHI SEIJI , KOBAYASHI MASAKAZU , SUMIYAMA KEIICHIRO , KOIKE MICHIO 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe introduced continuous intravenous infusion of amphotericin‐B (AMPH‐B) to extremely low birth‐weight (ELBW) infants (< 1000 g) with or without renal failure as a single agent for treating definite or probable systemic candidiasis. The species of Candida isolated from blood or tracheal aspirate or urine were C. albicans in seven infants, C. glablata in two, C. tropicalis in one and C. parapsilosis in one. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of AMPH‐B required against these isolates were less than 0.2 μg/mL except for that against one strain of C. albicans (0.78 μg/mL). Serum AMPH‐B levels were 0.31‐0.78 (0.51 ± 0.14) μg/mL when doses of 0.2‐0.55 (0.32 ± 0.11) mg/kg per day were being administered. The serum level was higher than the MIC of each isolate in all but one infant who died of disseminated intravascular coagulation and Candida pneumonia. Another infant died of congenital heart disease. The other nine infants survived. The serum level showed no correlation with the daily dose. The ratio of the serum level to the daily dose (L/D ratio) showed a significant correlation to serum creatinine (r = 0.787) and the linear regression curve followed the equation: L/D ratio = 0.223 x serum creatinine + 1.11 (P < 0.01). Few adverse effects due to AMPH‐B were noted. Our data may give a simple reference to serum AMPH‐B levels during continuous intravenous infusion from the dose and the serum creatinine level.
Echocardiographic findings in mild and severe forms of sickle cell anemia
Authors: KILINÇ YURDANUR , ACARTÜRK ESMERAY , KÜMI METIN 
Published: January 2011

AbstractM‐mode echocardiographic findings were compared between sickle cell anemic and healthy children. Patients were composed of two groups; Group 1: mild group with no crises, no blood transfusions at the ages of 5.0 to 13.0, total of 12 children; Group 2: severe group, with frequent crises with requirement of blood transfusions at the ages of 3.0 to 13.0 years, total of 18 children. Control group was composed of 12 healthy children aged 5.0 to 13.0. When M‐mode echocardiographic findings were compared, important findings were as follows: Mean left atrium dimension was increased both in the mild and severe groups (P < 0.001) compared with controls. This finding also supports the increase in the left ventricle end‐diastolic dimension in both the severe and mild groups as compared with controls (P < 0.001). The increase in end‐diastolic left ventricle dimension could be due to anemia present in the patients, but there was no difference between the two patient groups. Posterior left ventricle thickness and left ventricle mass was increased in both the mild and severe groups compared with controls (P < 0.001, P < 0.05), respectively. Left ventricular fractional shortening was more or less the same with controls. In spite of left ventricular volume load and dilatation, left ventricular contraction was good and systolic function was normal, and there was no correlation between the ECHO findings and hematological indices.