bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Field study of the efficacy of halofuginone and decoquinate in the treatment of cryptosporidiosis in veal calves
Authors: Lallemond M. , Villeneuve A. , Belda J. , Dubreuil P. 
Published: October 2010

Ninety, seven‐ to 10‐day‐old calves were allocated to three groups of 30 and treated daily for seven days with either 100 μg/kg halofuginone hydrobromide or 2·5 mg/kg decoquinate orally or left untreated as controls. The levels of diarrhoea and dehydration were monitored daily for 28 days from the first day of treatment (day 0) and samples of faeces were collected on days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28, to quantify the excretion of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. The calves were weighed on days 3 and 28. The treatments had no effect on the levels of diarrhoea or dehydration, the proportions of diarrhoeic calves or the proportions of calves shedding oocysts. However, unlike decoquinate, halofuginone significantly reduced the excretion of oocysts on day 7 (P>0·0001), and decoquinate increased the average daily weight gain of the calves (P=0·049).
Evaluation of a spray of permethrin and pyriproxyfen for the protection of dogs against Phlebotomus perniciosus
Authors: Molina R. , Miró G. , Gálvez R. , Nieto J. , Descalzo M. A. 
Published: October 2010

Dogs are the main domestic reservoir of Leishmania infantum in the Old World (Leishmania chagasi in the New World) a parasite responsible for many cases of human visceral leishmaniasis in both endemic and non‐endemic regions. One strategy for the control of leishmaniasis would be to prevent dogs from being bitten by sandflies, the vector of leishmaniasis. This study was designed to assess the efficacy of spraying a combination of permethrin and pyriproxyfen on to dogs artificially exposed to sandflies. Two groups of four male dogs, one of them treated and the other left untreated as controls, were exposed for one hour to 100 female sandflies seven days before the treatment, on the day of treatment and seven, 14, 21, and 28 days later. After each exposure, sandflies were collected, counted and scored. The prevention of sandfly bite was calculated by measuring the number of fed sandflies (dead and alive) after treatment. In this experimental assay, the repellent effect of the treatment against sandfly bites after 21 days was 71·4 per cent, but the insecticidal effect was only 7·2 per cent.
Causative organisms and somatic cell counts in subclinical intramammary infections in milking goats in the uk
Authors: Hall S. M. , Rycroft A. N. 
Published: October 2010

The bacterial causes of subclinical mastitis were determined in samples of milk taken from one half of the udders of 159 goats in three different herds. The mean prevalence of subclinical infection was 33 per cent, with prevalences of 26 per cent, 39 per cent and 42 per cent in the three herds. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from seven (13 per cent) of the 53 infected halves, coagulase‐negative staphylococci accounted for 47 per cent, Corynebacterium species for 31 per cent and α‐haemolytic streptococci for 6 per cent of the infected samples. The mean somatic cell count of the uninfected milk samples was 428,000 cells/ml, and 93 per cent of uninfected samples had counts less than 1,000,000 cells/ml; the mean cell count of the infected samples was 2,785,000 cells/ml.
Effect of the administration of flunixin meglumine on pregnancy rates in Holstein heifers
Authors: Guzeloglu A. , Erdem H. , Saribay M. K. , Thatcher W. W. , Tekeli T. 
Published: October 2010

Fifty‐two 15‐month‐old Holstein heifers were synchronised with single or double injections of prostaglandin F2α, followed by an injection of gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone (gnrh) 48 hours later, and inseminated 12 to 14 hours after the injection of gnrh (day 0). Half of them were then injected twice intramuscularly with 1·1 mg/kg flunixin meglumine 12 hours apart, on the evening of day 15 and the morning of day 16, and the other 26 were not treated. Pregnancy was diagnosed by ultrasound 29 and 65 days after they were inseminated. On day 29, 20 of the treated heifers were pregnant compared with 13 of the control heifers (P<0·05); on day 65, 18 of the treated heifers were still pregnant compared with 12 of the control heifers (P<0·10).
Complications and long‐term outcomes of the ligation of congenital portosystemic shunts in 49 cats
Authors: Lipscomb V. J. , Jones H. J. , Brockman D. J. 
Published: October 2010

Only two of 49 cats undergoing surgical ligation of congenital extra‐ and intrahepatic portosystemic shunts died perioperatively, a mortality rate comparable with the mortality rates of dogs undergoing surgical attenuation of congenital portosystemic shunts and cats in which the shunts are attenuated with an ameroid ring constrictor. Thirty (83 per cent) of the 36 cats for which long‐term information was available were still alive at a median follow‐up period of 47 months (range six to 105 months); the outcome was excellent (no clinical signs) in 20 of them (median follow‐up 37 months, range six to 105 months) and good (minimal clinical signs) in seven (median follow‐up 39 months, range 10 to 73 months) and none of these 27 cats was on any long‐term medication or special diet. The only major cause of morbidity was the development of neurological signs in 18 (37 per cent) of the cats. These included seizures and a wide variety of other neurological signs, and their development and persistence was not affected by the presence of preoperative seizures, the type of shunt, the degree of shunt attenuation or the age of the cat. The serum concentrations of ammonia and preprandial bile acids were normal or significantly below normal in the cats with neurological signs. Liver histopathology was similar in the cats with and without neurological signs. Ten (56 per cent) of the 18 cats that developed neurological signs recovered normal neurological function long term.
Kinetic evaluation of normal walking and jumping in cats, using a pressure‐sensitive walkway
Authors: Lascelles B. D. X. , Findley K. , Correa M. , Marcellin‐Little D. , Roe S. 
Published: October 2010

The kinetic parameters of the limbs of 23 normal, client‐owned cats were evaluated by encouraging them to walk and jump normally on a pressure‐sensitive walkway. Each cat was encouraged to walk across the walkway five times over a period of 30 to 45 minutes (by using food, toys, the owner's presence and a purpose‐built tunnel) at a target speed of 0·6 m/s (and an acceleration of less than ± 0·1 m/s2). They were then encouraged to jump on to the walkway from a height of 1 m five times at five‐minute intervals. The kinetic parameters of peak vertical force (pvf) and vertical impulse (vi) were measured for each limb (the forelimbs only for the jumps), and expressed as a percentage of bodyweight (pvf %bw and vi %bw/s). Fifteen of the 23 cats satisfactorily completed three to five walks and two to five jumps that could be analysed. There were no significant differences between the pvf or vi of the left and right limbs, but both parameters were significantly greater for the forelimbs than the hindlimbs (P<0·001) for the walking data. The mean (sd) pvf %bw for the forelimbs and hindlimbs were 48·2 (6·0) and 38·3 (4·0), respectively, and the mean vi %bw/s were 16·9 (3·2) and 13·3 (2·8). Jumping down generated significantly greater pvf (P<0·01) and slightly greater vi than during walking; there were no significant differences between the left and right forelimbs. The mean pvf %bw was 148·9 (16·4) and the mean vi %bw/s was 18·1 (4·3).
Efficacy of trapping during the initial proactive culls in the randomised badger culling trial
Authors: Smith G. C. , Cheeseman C. L. 
Published: October 2010

The randomised badger culling trial (rbct) has shown that widespread badger culling in predefined areas of approximately 100 km2 led to a reduction in the number of cattle herds testing positive for bovine tuberculosis (tb) (‘herd breakdowns’), but was associated with an increase in cattle tb in surrounding areas. This study has tried to estimate the trapping efficacy and the level of reduction of the badger population during the initial proactive culls in the rbct. For seven triplets trapping efficacy was estimated between 71 per cent and 85 per cent, and for three triplets between 35 per cent and 46 per cent. Two of the latter triplets had trapping coinciding with harsh climatic conditions. Badger population removal was estimated at 64 per cent to 77 per cent in the former and 32 per cent to 39 per cent in the latter triplets. In most of the treatment areas there was therefore a consistent and substantial reduction in the number of badgers at the end of the initial cull. All the proactive treatment areas were subjected to further culls, and it is therefore likely that greater reductions would have occurred by the end of 2005, when the analysis of cattle herd breakdowns took place.
Suspected adverse reactions, 2006
Authors: Dyer F. , Spagnuolo‐Weaver M. , Cooles S. , Tait A. 
Published: October 2010

Reports to the uk Suspected Adverse Reaction Surveillance Scheme (sarss) in 2006 increased by 20 per cent compared with 2005
The pattern of reports involving enrofloxacin is to be monitored following reports of blindness in cats treated with this medicine
Investigation of an increasing number of reports concerning a suspected lack of efficacy of parvovirus vaccines
Suspected lack of efficacy of ectoparasiticides in Scottish salmon possibly reflecting development of resistance to emamectin in sea lice in the area
— These are some of the results of the sarss in 2006, as discussed in the following article by Fabia Dyer, Martha Spagnuolo‐Weaver, Sue Cooles and Alex Tait of the Veterinary Medicines Directorate
Ultrasonography of the omasum in cows with various gastrointestinal diseases
Authors: Braun U. , Blessing S. , Lejeune B. , Hässig M. 
Published: October 2010

The omasums of 30 healthy cows and 55 cows with various gastrointestinal disorders (10 with left displacement and eight with right displacement of the abomasum, 10 with abomasal volvulus, 10 with traumatic reticuloperitonitis, nine with ileus of the small intestines and eight with reticulo‐omasal stenosis) were examined ultrasonographically on the right side of the body with a 3·5 MHz linear transducer. The dorsal and ventral margins of the omasum and its size in the fifth to 11th intercostal spaces were determined. Generally, the ultrasonographic appearance of the omasum did not differ between the healthy and abnormal cows. The omasum appeared as a semicircle, and the omasal wall closest to the transducer was visible as a thick echogenic line. In a few of the abnormal cows, the omasal laminae were visible and the omasum appeared to have motility. In the cows with left and right displacement of the abomasum and abomasal volvulus, the dorsal margin of the omasum was significantly further from the dorsal midline in some intercostal spaces than in the healthy cows. In the cows with left displacement of the abomasum, the ventral margin of the omasum was significantly further from the dorsal midline in the 7th intercostal space than in the healthy cows. In the cows with reticulo‐omasal stenosis, traumatic reticuloperitonitis and ileus of the small intestine, the ventral margin of the omasum was significantly closer to the dorsal midline in some intercostal spaces than in the healthy cows. The mean (sd) size of the omasum in the healthy cows varied from 16·3 (1·5) cm to 56·9 (10·0) cm, depending on the intercostal space, and the omasum was significantly smaller in some intercostal spaces in the cows with reticulo‐omasal stenosis, right displacement of the omasum, abomasal volvulus and ileus of the small intestine.
Validation and application of a radioimmunoassay for ovine growth hormone in the diagnosis of acromegaly in cats
Authors: Niessen S. J. M. , Khalid M. , Petrie G. , Church D. B. 
Published: October 2010

The validity of an ovine growth hormone (ogh) assay for the detection of feline growth hormone (fgh) was demonstrated by the parallel displacement of radiolabelled ogh by standard concentrations of ogh and serial dilutions of pooled fgh ‐rich serum. The minimum detectable limit of the assay was 1·67 μg/l. The mean (sd) basal fasting fgh level in 19 non‐acromegalic, non‐diabetic cats aged two to 16 years was 4·01 (1·38) μg/l (range 1·87 to 6·33); 19 acromegalic cats had significantly higher fgh levels (range 8·45 to 33·2 μg/l). There were no significant differences in the fgh levels measured when aprotinin was added to the samples or when plain serum and serum gel separation tubes were used for blood collection, but the fgh levels were significantly higher when the samples were collected into edta. There were also no significant differences between the concentrations of fgh measured in samples in which the separation of the serum and storage had been delayed by 24 hours, or in samples that had been stored for up to four weeks at −20°C.
Clinical application of an external fixator in the repair of bone fractures in 28 birds
Authors: Hatt J‐M. , Christen C. , Sandmeier P. 
Published: October 2010

The repair of seven tibiotarsal fractures, three humeral fractures, three tarsometatarsal fractures, two femoral fractures and 13 radial and ulnar fractures with a tubular external fixator system was evaluated prospectively in 10 common pigeons (Columba livia), 11 psittacine birds, six birds of prey and one Bali starling (Leucopsar rothschildii). The fixations included type 1, type 2 and intramedullary tie‐in methods, and the fractures healed in all but three cases. A comparison of the weight of different connecting bars showed that the external fixation system and polymethylmethacrylate are the lightest available systems and that there was no clinically relevant difference between them.
Efficacy of an inactivated aqueous vaccine for the control of enzootic pneumonia in pigs infected with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
Authors: Tzivara A. , Kritas S. K. , Bourriel A. R. , Alexopoulos C. , Kyriakis S. C. 
Published: October 2010

The efficacy of an inactivated aqueous vaccine against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae was evaluated at two M hyopneumoniae ‐infected farrow‐to‐finish commercial farms (A and B) in Greece. In a prospective, randomised double‐blind study, two groups on each farm received intramuscular doses of either the vaccine or the adjuvant when they were one and four weeks of age. The pigs were observed daily for clinical signs of disease; morbidity and mortality were recorded; and bodyweight was recorded at intervals. At slaughter, the lungs of the animals were examined and the chest cavities were examined for signs of pleuritis. No adverse reactions to the treatments were observed in any of the pigs. On farm A the vaccinated pigs were on average 6 kg heavier at slaughter, and on farm B they were on average 4 kg heavier; on both farms the average daily gain of the pigs was greater than that of the unvaccinated pigs. The prevalence and severity of enzootic pneumonia in the affected lungs were significantly lower in the vaccinated than in the unvaccinated pigs.
Field anaesthesia of leatherback sea turtles (Dermochelys coriacea)
Authors: Harms C. A. , Eckert S. A. , Kubis S. A. , Campbell M. , Levenson D. H. , Crognale M. A. 
Published: October 2010

Ten nesting leatherback sea turtles on Trinidad were anaesthetised for electroretinogram (erg) measurements, using ketamine and medetomidine, reversed with atipamezole. They weighed 242 to 324 kg and were given initial doses of 3 to 8 mg/kg ketamine and 30 to 80 μg/kg medetomidine administered into an external jugular vein; six of the turtles received supplementary doses of 2·6 to 3·9 mg/kg ketamine combined with 0 to 39 μg/kg medetomidine. The lower doses were used initially to ensure against overdosage and reduce the chances of residual effects after the turtles returned to the water, but successful erg s called for step‐wise dose increases to the required level of anaesthesia. Respiratory rate, heart rate, electrocardiogram, cloacal temperature, and venous blood gases were monitored, and blood was collected for plasma biochemistry. At the end of the erg procedure, atipamezole was administered at 150 to 420 μg/kg (five times the dose of medetomidine), half intramuscularly and half intravascularly. The turtles were monitored and prevented from re‐entering the water until their behaviour was normal. No apparent mortalities or serious anaesthetic complications occurred. The observed within‐season return nesting rate of the anaesthetised turtles was comparable with that of unanaesthetised turtles.
Comparative study of doramectin and fipronil in the treatment of equine chorioptic mange
Authors: Rendle D. I. , Cottle H. J. , Love S. , Hughes K. J. 
Published: October 2010

In equids, chorioptic mange is a common dermatitis for which there are no licensed medications in the uk. Doramectin and fipronil are licensed for the control of ectoparasites in other species and were evaluated for the treatment of 17 cases of chorioptic mange in 13 equids. Equids were included if clinical findings were indicative of chorioptic mange, chorioptes mites were positively identified and concurrent disease that could affect response to disease was not evident. A random number table was used to allocate subjects to receive doramectin (group D, eight animals) or fipronil (group F, nine animals). Each of the horses in group D were given 0·3 mg/kg doramectin (Dectomax; Pfizer) on two occasions 14 days apart by subcutaneous injection. All limbs of the horses in group F were sprayed with fipronil 0·25 per cent solution (Frontline; Merial) to the level of the stifles and elbows. Both groups were examined on the day of treatment and 14 and 28 days later to assess the behavioural signs of pruritus and the severity of the dermatological lesions. Acetate tape impressions were collected from the distal limbs and the degree of mite infestation was assessed. By day 28 there were no behavioural signs of chorioptic mange in any of the animals, and there were significant reductions in the numbers of mites in both groups. However, there were no significant reductions in the mean lesion score in either group. There was no significant difference between the effectiveness of the two treatments.
Abortion in a thoroughbred mare associated with an infection with avirulent Rhodococcus equi
Authors: Nakamura Y. , Nishi H. , Katayama Y. , Niwa H. , Matsumura T. , Anzai T. , Ohtsu Y. , Tsukano K. , Shimizu N. , Takai S. 
Published: October 2010

An eight‐year‐old thoroughbred mare with no previous history of illness aborted a fetus at 196 days of gestation, and its internal tissues were examined immunohistologically and bacteriologically. The placenta was not examined, but specimens of the intrauterine fluids and the dam's faeces were collected four days after the abortion and examined bacteriologically. No significant histological lesions were found in the fetus but the amnion and the umbilical cord were oedematous and had petechial haemorrhages. Rhodococcus equi was isolated in pure culture from the lung, heart and stomach contents of the fetus and from an intrauterine specimen and faeces of the dam. The anti‐R equi antibody titre of the mare was high after the abortion. The diagnosis was confirmed in the lung of the fetus by immunohistochemical staining with R equi ‐specific antibodies. Isolates from the fetus and mare were identified as avirulent R equi by pcr and the mouse pathogenicity test. The avirulent isolates were characterised by pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis, which yielded only one Vsp I profile in all the isolates from the fetus and its dam.
Effect of long‐term adaptation on indirect measurements of systolic blood pressure in conscious untrained beagles
Authors: Schellenberg S. , Glaus T. M. , Reusch C. E. 
Published: October 2010

To evaluate the effect of an adaptation period on systemic blood pressure readings, systolic blood pressure was measured in 12 young adult untrained beagles over several weeks by means of a Doppler flow detector and oscillometric devices. The pressure decreased gradually and significantly, and levelled out after 14 days. The median (range) of values obtained by Doppler were 166 (149 to 200) mmHg initially, 145 (119 to 176) mmHg on day 9, 138 (118 to 165) mmHg on day 10, 127 (111 to 139) mmHg on day 35, 124 (115 to 143) mmHg on day 94 and 127 (114 to 142) mmHg on day 161. All the later measurements were significantly lower than the initial measurement. Male dogs had higher blood pressures than females on each occasion. The blood pressure readings obtained with one of the oscillometric devices and the Doppler device were comparable and correlated significantly.
Efficacy of maropitant for preventing vomiting associated with motion sickness in dogs
Authors: Benchaoui H. A. , Siedek E. M. , De La Puente‐Redondo V. A. , Tilt N. , Rowan T. G. , Clemence R. G. 
Published: October 2010

Maropitant is a neurokinin‐1 inhibitor that acts to prevent and treat vomiting by blocking stimuli to the final common pathway in the emetic centre of the brain. The field efficacy and safety of a single oral dose of maropitant were investigated for the prevention of vomiting in dogs with a history of motion sickness resulting from transportation by car in two blinded, placebo‐controlled studies. In an exploratory study designed as a two‐way crossover trial with 17 dogs, 10 of the dogs given the placebo vomited during a car journey but only three of the dogs vomited under maropitant treatment. In a larger multicentred parallel design study, 69 of 105 dogs treated with the placebo vomited during the journey compared with 15 of 106 dogs treated with maropitant (P≤0·0001).
Haematological and biochemical values for grey seal pups (Halichoerus grypus) during early rehabilitation
Authors: Barnett J. E. F. , Turner L. , Booth P. A. , Hunt A. E. 
Published: October 2010

Haematological and biochemical data were collected over a period of six years from grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) pups undergoing rehabilitation. Pups bled during the first three days were allocated retrospectively to one of seven clinical groups and statistical analyses were carried out on six of these groups (130 pups). Compared with reference ranges, all the groups had lower mean packed‐cell volumes (pcv), red blood cell (rbc) counts haemoglobin and albumin levels, pups with severe trauma had higher total white blood cell (wbc) and neutrophil counts, pups with severe trauma and malnourished pups had higher total bilirubin levels, and pups in all the clinical groups except those with severe trauma had lower sodium levels. There were significant differences (P≤0·05) between some clinical groups for mean pcv, rbc counts, all wbc counts except monocytes, haemoglobin, total bilirubin, creatine kinase, amylase and potassium levels. Forty‐nine pups were bled more than once during the first 10 days of rehabilitation for haematology, and 11 were bled more than once for biochemistry. There were significant decreases (P≤0·05) during this period in pcv, and in the activities of alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase, and significant increases in all wbc counts, total protein, globulin, amylase and calcium levels.