bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antecedent neonatal hypoglycaemic brain injury, the most common cause of early childhood epilepsy in Indian children
Authors: Gupta Chitra , Narang Bhuvandeep , SJ Thernal , Sharma Rakhi , Chatterjee Sagnik , V Ramprasad , Murugan Sakthivel , Goyal Pradeep , Bansal Rajiv Kumar , Jain Vivek 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Prospective research from low- and middle-income countries on aetiologies of early childhood epilepsies using advanced diagnostic methods (3T-MRI and genetic testing), is lacking. Data on epilepsy outcomes is also not available in these patients.
We enrolled consecutive patients with epilepsy onset upto five years of age, over 12 months. After ruling out a structural-acquired cause on MRI, genetic testing with exome sequencing (ES) and if required, chromosomal microarray (CMA)/multiplex ligand PCR assay (MLPA) was performed. Following this evaluation, patients were classified into aetiological groups defined by the International League Against Epilepsy. The epilepsy outcomes at 24-month follow-up was also confirmed. Novel data on differences in epilepsy and neurodevelopmental profile of the two common perinatal causes namely, neonatal hypoglycaemic brain injury (NHBI) and neonatal asphyxial brain injury (NABI), are also presented.
Two hundred thirty-one children were recruited. The aetiology could be confirmed in 172 (74%) patients. The structural group (including structural-genetic) was the most common [126 (55%)], followed by genetic [41(18%)] and metabolic [5 (2%)]. The unknown group comprised [48 (21%)] patients. Eleven (5%) patients were ‘incompletely investigated’ (normal MRI but family refused genetic evaluation).
Antecedent NHBI [50 (22%)] was the commonest cause of epilepsy. On comparing the phenotypic differences between the two common perinatal causes, the initial epileptic seizure was more often focal in NHBI (P<0.001) and infantile spasm in NABI patients (P=0.05). NABI patients were more likely to be assigned to epilepsy syndrome (P= 0.03) as compared to NHBI. Autistic features (P=.05) and hypotonia (P=.03) were more frequent in NHBI while NABI patients were more often hypertonic or dystonic (both P <0.001).
In assessing the utility of investigations, MRI was helpful in 126 (54.5%) patients. Genetic evaluation was diagnostic in 57 (50%) of the 113 tested. The genetic yield was more likely with seizure onset in the first year (P=0.03), developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (P=0.01), developmental delay or hypotonia (both P<0.001).
At the 24-month follow-up, 57 of 207 (28%) patients had poor seizure control. On multivariate regression, developmental delay (P=.04) had a negative effect while increasing age at seizure onset had a positive effect (P=0.018) on seizure control.
In this study, we could confirm that NHBI, a preventable condition, was the commonest underlying cause of epilepsy. Our data also emphasizes the urgent need for developing guidelines to change the current newborn feeding practices in India which could decrease the subsequent risk of epilepsy in infancy and early childhood.
Multidrug resistance in urinary E. coli higher in males compared to females
Authors: Khanal Narayan , Cortie Colin , Story Chloe , Jones Sandra , Mansfield Kylie , Miyakis Spiros , Keighley Caitlin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common however the widespread use of antibiotics has led to a rise in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) amongst uropathogens, rendering a significant proportion of infections resistant to first line treatment. AMR in UTIs may differentially affect men and women, younger and older patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate MDR (multi-drug resistance) and AMR in males and females in an Australian health district.Methods There were 85,844 E. coli urinary isolates (2007–2020) analysed from adult patients. An E. coli isolate with MDR was defined as resistant to at least 1 agent in ≥ 3 antimicrobial classes. Chi-square tests and relative risk were calculated comparing resistance in males and females and by age for antibiotics commonly used to treat UTIs in hospital and community collected samples.Results There was a higher proportion of MDR E. coli in males compared to females in both the community (6.4% vs 5.2%, P < 0.001) and hospital datasets (16.5% vs 12.8%, P < 0.001). The proportions of MDR for both males and females were significantly higher in the hospital setting. Resistance rates were higher in males compared to females for amoxycillin/ampicillin, amoxycillin/clavulanate, cephalexin and norfloxacin (p < 0.005), though not for trimethoprim. Antibiotic resistance was seen to increase over time.Conclusions A higher proportion of MDR E. coli were noted in urine samples from males compared with females, possibly due to the increased likelihood of complicated UTIs in men. Antimicrobial stewardship interventions could be targeted towards this cohort to address increasing rates of AMR.
Characterizing the Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Adults with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Shetty Alok , Atalla Anthony , Diggs Charalett , Watnick Terry , Seliger Stephen 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
The Covid-19 pandemic greatly affected those with chronic diseases, impacting healthcare access and healthcare seeking behaviors. The impact of the pandemic on adults with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) has not been investigated.
Methods
Participants were recruited from a cohort of 239 ADPKD patients enrolled in a longitudinal study at the University of Maryland. Patients on renal replacement therapy were excluded. N = 66 patients participated in a phone questionnaire from June 2022-December 2022 about ADPKD-related complications, concern about contracting Covid-19, healthcare-seeking behaviors, and telehealth utilization before and after March 2020.
Results
N = 34 (51.5%) of participants reported a positive Covid-19 test result and N = 29 (44%) expressed high concern of contracting Covid-19. Those who avoided medical care at least once (N = 17, 25.8%) had similar demographics and ADPKD severity to those who did not, but reported greater telehealth utilization (88.2% vs. 42.9%, p = 0.002), greater use of non-prescribed medication for Covid-19 treatment or prevention (35.3% vs. 8.2%, p = 0.01), and were more likely to contract Covid-19 (76.5% vs. 42.9%, p = 0.02). Among the N = 53 who reported very good or excellent ADPKD disease management pre-pandemic, N = 47(89%) reported no significant change during the pandemic.
Conclusions
In this highly educated, high-income cohort with a mean age of 46.1 years, most people reported well-managed ADPKD prior to the pandemic. This may explain why less than half of participants expressed high concern for contracting Covid-19. Overall, there was no significant pandemic-related decline in self-reported ADPKD management, like due to excellent access to, and uptake of, telehealth services. Notably, 1 in 4 participants reported healthcare avoidant behavior, the effect of which may only be seen years from now. Future studies should investigate potential impacts of avoidant behaviors, as well as expand investigation to a more diverse cohort whose care may not have been as easily transitioned to telehealth.
Spiritual Needs and Satisfaction with Life: An Exploration of Mediating Pathways
Authors: Kwok Gary , Astrow Alan , Sulmasy Daniel , Devine Katie 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objectives
This cross-sectional study seeks to understand how unmet spiritual needs are associated with lower satisfaction with life by investigating the mediating roles of perception of quality of care and satisfaction with care among a sample of racially/ethnically and religiously diverse hematology and oncology patients.
Methods
We constructed a path analysis relating spiritual needs, perception of quality of care, satisfaction with care, and satisfaction with life.
Results
Seven hundred twenty-seven hematology and oncology patients (MAge = 59.0, 67.8% female) were recruited from four outpatient hematology/medical oncology sites. We found support for a serial multiple mediation hypothesis in which spiritual needs were indirectly associated with satisfaction with life through perception of quality of care and satisfaction with care. Specifically, higher spiritual needs were associated with a lower perception of quality of care (b = -0.73, p < 0.001), which, in turn, was associated with lower satisfaction with care (b = 0.26, p < 0.001) and subsequently resulted in lower satisfaction with life (b = 0.40, p < 0.001).
Conclusions
The findings suggest that non-biomedical elements are important mechanisms through which spiritual needs are indirectly associated with satisfaction with life through the care cancer patients receive. In addition to addressing the quality of care, providers should pay attention to patients’ spiritual needs (e.g., ask questions regarding spiritual needs as part of psychosocial history, refer to chaplains, etc.). Improving spiritual needs may lead patients to experience higher-quality care and, subsequently, a better quality of life.
A case of chronic myelomonocytic related lysozyme-induced nephropathy
Authors: Kansal Abhik , Peiris Thanushi , Ramnarain Jaineel , Wang Joan , Daneshvar Simin , Chow Fiona , Fleming Shaun 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background Lysozyme-induced nephropathy (LyN) is a rare cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML). Diagnosing LyN is challenging due to the numerous potential and concurrent aetiologies. Previous case reports have demonstrated the diagnostic utility of serum and urinary lysozyme measurements, which may correlate with renal dysfunction; however, the role of renal imaging remains unclear and renal biopsy remains essential for diagnosis.Case presentation An independent 80-year-old male presented to an Australian tertiary hospital with stage 3 AKI on a background of CMML previously treated with thioguanine and hydroxycarbamide. Renal tract ultrasound revealed expansile, non-vascular material bilaterally in renal collecting systems which was confirmed by renal biopsy to be lysozyme-induced nephropathy causing renal dysfunction. Despite escalated anti-leukaemic treatment he progressed to stage 4 chronic kidney disease contributing to increasing frailty and eventually pursued voluntary assisted dying after a fall with terminal traumatic injuries.Conclusions LyN is a rare cause of acute kidney injury amongst patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia. This case highlights a rare instance of LyN and illustrates potential radiological markers that may aid in diagnosis. It also emphasizes the complexity of managing LyN in the context of underlying haematological malignancies.
The Relationship Between Dynamic Changes in The Insulin Resistance Related Indexes and Metabolic Syndrome in Middle-aged and Elderly Population
Authors: Li Xinfeng , Li Xiaohui , Ma Chifa , Li Chenfei , Yuan Mingxia 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Insulin resistance is the central pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. The ratio of triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, the metabolic score of insulin resistance, and the triglyceride glucose index in conjunction with body mass index have been verified as surrogate indices of insulin resistance and shown to be used in identifying the metabolic syndrome. Remnant cholesterol is a newly proposed indicator that potentially correlates with insulin resistance. The present study aims to explore the predictive value of the above four insulin resistance related indices for the metabolic syndrome and the association between dynamic changes in these indices and the metabolic syndrome.
Methods
3,526 participants aged ≥ 45 years were enrolled from the China Health and Retirement Dynamic Study. After 4 years’ follow-up, 761 participants developed metabolic syndrome. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association of the indexes with the occurrence of metabolic syndrome. The impact of dynamic changes in these indices on the metabolic syndrome was explored furthermore. The receiver operating characteristic curves was used to evaluate the predictive value. The restricted cubic spline was used to explore the presence of a nonlinear relationship between different indices and metabolic syndrome.
Results
The increase in the four insulin resistance indices is significantly associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome. Compared with the other three indices, TyG-BMI has a better predictive ability for the metabolic syndrome (AUC = 0.703). Participants with low-high and high-high variability patterns have an increased risk of metabolic syndrome compared with participants consistently low levels of the index during follow-up. For TG/HDL-c, the high-low pattern is also associated with a higher risk of developing metabolic syndrome. For TyG-BMI, METS-IR, and RC, the high-low pattern of change do not increase the risk of metabolic syndrome.
Conclusions
TyG-BMI could be a better index for predicting the occurrence of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and elderly population. Dynamic variety of these indexes, including TG/HDL-c, METS-IR, TyG-BMI, and RC could predict the risk of the incidence of metabolic syndrome. Monitoring the dynamic changes in the above insulin resistance indices could contribute to prevent the occurrence of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and elderly populations.
Using a self-developed panel to explore its performance for biogeographic ancestry inference and analyze the genetic background of three Tibetan groups
Authors: Lin Yifeng , Yuan Xi , Wang Xi , Li Shuanglin , Yao Hongbin , Lei Fanzhang , Dong Bonan , Zhu Bofeng 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
In this study, we used a panel consisting of 56 autosomal AIM-InDels, three Y-InDels, and one Amelogenin gene for biogeographic ancestry inference and verified the performance of the panel for biogeographic ancestry inference in Gannan Tibetan, Qinghai Tibetan, and Tibet Tibetan groups. Meanwhile, we analyzed the genetic structure of three Tibetan groups.
Results
The results showed that the 56 AIM-InDels performed better in classifying African and East Asian individuals in the absence of noise labels. With the introduction of noise labels, the model was more robust when the proportion of noise labels was small. As the proportion of noisy labels increased, the performance of the model in classifying the five intercontinental populations decreased. Still, the African and East Asian populations showed better performance than the other three intercontinental populations. Analysis of the three Tibetan groups showed that their genetic structures were similar to those of the reference East Asian populations.
Conclusions
This panel can be used effectively not only for biogeographic ancestry inference in African and East Asian populations but also to provide insights into the genetic structure of the three studied groups.
Repeatability of Dual Rotating Scheimpflug-Placido Camera according to the Topographical Position of the Cornea
Authors: Hwang Sunjin , Kim Dae Sung , Kim Duroo , Hong Eun Hee , Shin Yong Un , Kim Yoo Jung , Kang Min Ho 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

We aimed to investigate the reproducibility of various corneal measurements according to topographical location in the entire cornea measured by dual rotating Scheimpflug-Placido camera and to explore the differences in reproducibility between patients with mild dry eye and those with normal eyes. In both the normal and dry eye groups, divided based on BUT or the height of the tear film, there were no statistically significant differences in the ratio of unacceptable variation (RUV) and ICC. The consistency of the examination of the anterior and posterior refractive values and corneal thickness according to the corneal location, measured three times repeatedly using the Galilei anterior segment camera, was high. There was no difference based on the height of the tear film or the tear film break-up time. However, caution is needed when interpreting the values of the anterior corneal refractive values, as there can be changes of more than 0.5D within 3mm of the central area.
ERF1 of Plumbago indica L. receives ethylene signaling and regulates cold tolerance together with the DREB-COR pathway
Authors: Zhao Zi-An , Li Yi-Rui , Lei Ting , Liu Cai-Lei , Zeng Qing-Xiao , Liu Xuan , Yang Li-Juan , Li Jia-Ni , Gao Su-Ping 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Ethylene is an essential regulatory factor in the signaling pathway of plant responses to abiotic stress, included cold stress, and also plays a regulatory role in cold response. Recent studies have shown that exogenous application of ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate), an ethylene promoter, affects plant cold hardiness. It is well known that the cold-responsive specific gene DREB (dehydration-responsive element (DRE)-binding protein) plays a crucial role in enhancing cold hardiness in plants by activating some cold-responsive (CORs) genes. However, the molecular mechanism of how the ethylene biosynthesis pathway regulated this gene in the cold response of thermophilic plants had yet to be well explained. In this study, using the thermophilic plant P. indica ( Plumbago indica L.) as an example, physiological and transcriptomic analyses revealed that cold stress treatment induced the synthesis of endogenous ACC and regulated the ethylene signaling activator PiERF1, while cold signaling also activated PiDERB1A. Spraying experiments were also showed that ACC-induced up-regulation of the PiERF1 gene reduced cold tolerance of P. indica, and decreased the expression level of the PiDREB1A gene; reverse experiments have shown that spraying AVG (aminoethoxyvinylglycine) resulted in the down-regulation of the PiERF1 gene, while the expression level of PiDREB1A was increased, and chilled symptoms were alleviated. These results indicated that ethylene signaling directly regulates the downstream gene PiERF1 and initiates the DREB-COR cold-responsive signaling pathway to regulate cold hardiness, exhibiting negative regulation of cold hardiness in thermophilic plants.
Do people only believe what they want to believe? An empirical analysis of the Pygmalion effect in telemedicine platforms based on linear regression algorithms
Authors: Shen Xin , Yan Yulin , Liu Huikang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

In addition to exploring how people's expectations and beliefs about healthcare information and services affect their actual health outcomes, this study aims to empirically analyze whether there is a Pygmalion effect in healthcare platforms using machine learning and natural language processing. Regression modeling will be used to provide treatment recommendations for more common diseases. We gathered a 10-month panel dataset from a major Chinese online medical portal, containing information from 10,243 physicians. We discovered a strong linear correlation between users' expectations for their final level of recovery and satisfaction and their access to doctors, medical information, treatment alternatives, and healthcare experiences. People's choice of therapy for more complicated illnesses, like heart valve lesions and breast cancer, should lean more away from conventional information sources. Patients' expectations and treatment adherence are strongly connected with the expectations of their doctors, and treatment outcomes are also significantly influenced by the beliefs and expectations of the patients themselves. Using sentiment analysis and multiple robustness polls of user ratings on healthcare platforms, we demonstrate that the treatment choices made by users are distributed linearly across various complexity levels of diseases. As a result, this study highlights the real influence of patient and physician expectations and beliefs on healthcare outcomes, proves the presence of the Pygmalion effect on healthcare platforms, and explores it for particular diseases. This has real-world implications for raising patient happiness, enhancing medical service quality, and strengthening the doctor-patient bond.
Deciphering Ketamine’s Dual Outcomes: Distinguishing Psychotic from Antidepressant Effects, and Their Temporal Dynamics in Mice
Authors: Martínez-Ricós Joana , Merino Esteban , Cervera-Ferri Ana , Lanuza Enrique , Cabanu Sharon , Pilar-Cuéllar Fuencisla , Adell Albert , Teruel-Martí Vicent , Martínez-Ricós Joana 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Ketamine exerts rapid, long-lasting antidepressant effects after a single administration and, thus, overcomes the limitations of classic drugs but also induces psychotic effects. It is, therefore, essential to pinpoint the biomarkers of each effect to develop new fast-acting antidepressants.
With this purpose, we examined, in male mice, the temporal evolution of the antidepressant and psychotic-like effects of 5 and 30 mg/kg of ketamine, and the electrical activity and the expression of the plasticity-related molecules in both the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and dorsal hippocampus were analyzed.
Ketamine induced immediate psychotic-like effects. They were milder and shorter at the 5 mg/kg dose, with an equivalent antidepressant-like effect of both doses, at 2 and 24 h. Both doses evoked a short-lasting electrical pattern that was dose-dependent, characterized mainly by increased synchronized gamma, excitatory/inhibitory balance, synchronized theta, phase-amplitude coupling, and decreased mutual information in slow (SW), beta, and theta waves. The higher dose led to longer-lasting changes. The most significant were decreased SW and beta and increased gamma and communication in theta and beta. Both doses altered sleep architecture at 24 h and the expression of AKT, pAKT, pAKT/AKT, pERK/ER, and pmTOR/mTOR at 2 and 24 h.
Given their temporal association, the decreased SW and beta mutual information, changes in hyperexcitability and gamma and theta activity may be biomarkers of ketamine’s psychotic effect. However, changes in sleep architecture and in the expression of plasticity proteins, together with delayed increased raw information, gamma and excitability, among others, are likely associated with its antidepressant effect.