bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flow Simulation in an Alga Photobioreactor Tested Under Laboratory Conditions
Authors: Imre Tibor Tolner , Miklos Neményi , Jančo Roland 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
For the purpose of efficient algae cultivation, the Photo Bio-Reactor (PBR) must be designed according to the needs of the algae to be cultivated. We performed our experiment with a loop reactor with a total volume of 14 liters. Among other things, the mixing of the gas and liquid phases, the value and change of the light intensity reaching the algae, and the degree of algae deposition on the walls of the equipment depend on the flow caused by the bubble column in the equipment. Using the ANSYS FLUENT simulation environment, we optimized the efficiency of the gas intake that determines the flow.
Control of Active Magnetic Bearings
Authors: Magdolen Luboš , Kevický Igor , Danko Ján , Sammarah George , Milesich Tomáš 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This article presents a model of rigid rotor supported by active magnetic bearings (AMB). Mathematical formulation of magnetic forces generated by AMB has been developed. Equations of motion of rigid rotor supported by controllable AMB with and without control law are presented. Eigen structure assignment method is used to change the eigenfrequency of mechatronical system. Numerical simulations are compared with experimental measured data. The simulations presented in this paper correspond with measurement.
Simulation of the Water Balance of a Green/Blue Roof Supporting an Ecological Cycle
Authors: Menyhártné Dr Baracskai Melinda , Hadas-Rapi Ádám , Író Béla Dr. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In our article, we set out the inspection of the control shafts of the green or blue roof drainage equipment aim. The height of the water formed on the roof through the differently shaped holes on the devices we want to specify the amount of water flowing through per unit of time. In the first case, the water level is constant, and in the second, the height of the water decreases or increases continuously.
Influence of FSW and MIG on the Mechanical Properties of Al-Mg-Mn Alloy with Minor Additions of 0.4% Sc And 0.1% Zr
Authors: Srinivasa Rao Mallipudi , Ramanjaneyulu Siripurapu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The present work focuses on the influence of solid-state welding, namely, friction stir welding (FSW) and arc welding, namely, metal inert gas welding (MIG), on the mechanical characteristics of new lightweight 5 mm thick Al-Mg-Mn alloy plates with the addition of 0.4% Sc and 0.1% Zr. The alloys were fabricated using aluminium with 10% magnesium, aluminium with 2% scandium, and aluminium with 5% zirconium master alloys in combination with the Al-Mg-Mn alloy- with the help of a stir casting melting technique. The hardness, tensile strength, 3-point bend strength, impact strength and microstructure of the rolled Al-Mg-Mn alloy plates with the addition of 0.4% Sc and 0.1% Zr were examined. Both the mechanical properties of the FSW and MIG weld joints were compared with those of the non-welded plates. The strength of the non-welded Al-Mg-Mn-Sc-Zr alloy plates was greater, than that of the FSW and MIG weld joints. However, the friction stir welded joints exhibited the improved mechanical properties in comparison with those the MIG welded joints due to more refined precipitation. Compared with the non-welded Al-Mg-Mn-Sc-Zr alloy plates, the friction stir welded joint exhibited a 91.6% joint efficiency and a 63.8% metal inert gas welded joint.
Cutter-Oscillator With Single-Degree-Of-Freedom For The Study Of Cutting Vibrations
Authors: Vnukov Yuriy , Tryshyn Pavlo , Kozlova Olena , Dyadya Serhiy 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The work includes theoretical analysis of the design of a single-degree-of-freedom cutter-oscillator. An improved design, allowing for the adjustment of mass and overhang length, is proposed. An experimental stand for recording oscillograms of cutting-edge motion is developed. The proposed approach allows the cutter-oscillator operation to be effectively tuned depending on the cutting conditions. The results provide a flexible system for parameter estimation under different cutting conditions.
Analysis of phytochemical constituents, antibacterial, antioxidant and GC-MS profiling of <i>Crotalaria ramosissima</i> leaf extracts
Authors: HA Lanchana , Garampalli Rajkumar H 
Published: June 2024

Crotalaria ramosissima Roxb. (Fabales: Fabaceae) is a common weed that grows prolifically in few areas of Karnataka. The plant used as insect repellent in grain storage room and C. ramosissima leaves used to treat skin diseases. The purpose of study was to investigate phytochemical constituents and evaluate their antibacterial and antioxidant properties along with bioactive compound profiling. Phytochemical screening of ethyl acetate, ethanol and methanol extracts revealed presence of necessary phytochemical components, anti-microbial activity against plant pathogens showed best results from ethyl acetate extract with MIC 15.60µg mL-1 against Pseudomonas syringae and Xanthomonas oryzae with MIC 31.25µg mL-1, confirmed with TLC bio-autography, DPPH antioxidant assay, showed the highest activity of IC-50 2.71µg mL-1 from methanol extract with standard reference, Gas chromatography/Mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) used for profiling to detect chemical compounds from plant solvent extracts which showed presence of 21 compounds, ethyl acetate extract identified with 1,2,4-Oxidiazole, 3-(1,3-bezodioxol-5-y-5-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-ethyl] which is heterocyclic aromatic compound of azole family-alkaloid, which is reported for the first time in C. ramosissima. The results revealed significant properties and the obtained 1,2,4-oxidiazole derivative can be a novel bio-control agent against microorganisms and for crop protection. It also retained current researcher's attention from its biological properties in pharmaceutical drug industry.
العلاقات الاقتصادية العُمانية – البريطانية 1979-1990
Authors: عبيد العبيدي صدام خليفة , سليمان السبعاوي فهد عباس 
Published: June 2024

تحتل العلاقات العُمانية – البريطانية مكانة مهمة في تاريخ العلاقات العربية – البريطانية، نظراً للتاريخ الطويل والمتميز الذي حكم على علاقات البلدين على مدى عقود عدة شملت المجالات السياسية والاقتصادية والعسكرية.
يتناول البحث تطور العلاقات الاقتصادية بين البلدين أثناء فترة حكومة حزب المحافظين البريطانية برئاسة مارغريت تاتشر (1979-1990)، وازدادت تلك العلاقات قوة بعد الأحداث التي عصف بالمنطقة على أثر اندلاع الحرب العراقية - الايرانية 1980-1988، إذ توجهت حكومة تاتشر نحو تعزيز التعاون الاقتصادي بكافة أشكاله مع سلطنة عُمان.
اعتمد البحث على وثائق وزارة الخارجية والكومنولث البريطانية فضلاً عن ملفات مكتب رئيسة الوزراء مارغريت تاتشر غير المنشورة، التي رصدت بشكل دقيق توجهات الحكومة البريطانية عن طريق الاتصالات التي أجرتها مع سفارتها في مسقط نحو اتخاذ الوسائل المناسبة بما يضمن إنعاش الاقتصاد البريطاني وذلك بالاعتماد على تطوير العلاقات الاقتصادية المختلفة مع عُمان.
Comorbidities in patients with chronic urticaria: A cross sectional study from an Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence
Authors: Junior Rossy Moreira Bastos , Junior Sérgio Duarte Dortas , Fernandes Ana Carolina Miranda Carvalho Ferre , Azizi Guilherme Gomes , Lupi Omar , Valle Solange Oliveira Rodrigues 
Published: June 2024

Objectives:
Chronic urticaria (CU) is a common mast cell driven disease, characterized by the development of wheals, angioedema, or both. The common comorbidities among patients of CU presenting to an Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (GA2LEN UCARE) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil are presented.

Material and Methods:
We conducted a cross-sectional and single-center study with adolescents and adults from the outpatient clinic of a GA2LEN UCARE Center at the Immunology Service. Patients were enrolled after informed consent was obtained.

Results:
We enrolled 180 patients with CU. One hundred and fifty-five were female (86.1%) and 25 male (13.9%). Mean age was 46.2 ± 16.1 years (ranging from 13 to 81 years). Mean disease duration was 10.3 years (ranging from 0.17 to 62 years). The most frequent comorbidities associated with CU were hypertension in 63 patients (35%), atopy 58 (32.2%), thyroid disease 34 (18.8%), gastrointestinal disease 25 (13.8%), diabetes 22 (12.2%), psychiatric disorders 22 (12.2%), rheumatic diseases 17 (9.4%), and hepatitis C (2. 2%).

Conclusion:
CU has been related to several comorbidities. Our data matches previous reported findings regarding sex, age, and comorbidities such as autoimmunity, atopy, and hypertension. It is necessary to improve the diagnosis of comorbidities. With the early diagnosis of comorbidities, we will be able to carry out timely therapeutic interventions to improve the effectiveness of the treatment and ensure safety in drug interactions.
Functional outcome of hamstring versus peroneus longus tendon graft in arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction –A prospective comparative study
Authors: Vijay Varun K , Deepak D K , Pande Hrishikesh , Thakur Sushant , Anand R. 
Published: June 2024

Objectives:
The objective of this study was to determine whether there is any significant difference between the functional outcome of the knee using a hamstring (HS) graft and peroneus longus (PL) tendon graft after arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.

Materials and Methods:
A study was done on 140 patients from January 2021 to January 2022 as per inclusion criteria. All patients underwent arthroscopic ACL reconstruction using PL tendon and HS tendon grafts. Patients were followed up with the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and Modified Cincinnati Score (MCS) for a period of 12 months. Average time of surgery and complications if any were noted.

Results:
At one year follow-up, the IKDC score was 91.98 ± 3.92 and 91.74 ± 6.93, respectively, for PL and HS groups with P = 0.803. Similarly, the MCS had P = 0.161 and mean values for PL and HS groups being 92.86 ± 3.88 and 91.80 ± 4.67, respectively.

Conclusion:
The present study shows that the PL tendon autograft has slightly better outcomes on knee functional scores (IKDC and MCSs) to that derived from HS graft in arthroscopic reconstruction of ACL tear over one year of follow-up. PL can be considered as an alternative graft option, but further studies are needed in other sex and age groups and using different functional knee scores to establish the superiority of PL graft over HS graft.
THE INVESTIGATOR OF UKRAINIAN KOBZAR ART OLEKSANDR MALYNKA, THE GRADUATE OF COUNT BEZBORODKO HISTORICAL PHILOLOGICAL INSTITUTE IN NIZHYN
Authors: Samoilenko Hryhorii 
Published: June 2024

The author analyzes scientific heritage of a prominent Ukrainian investigator of folk lore Oleksandr Malynka, who studied the corresponding material at Count Bezborodko Historical Philological Institute under the supervision of professors M. I. Sokolov, M. N. Speranskyi, V. I. Rezanov, who helped the young scientist to publish series of papers about kobzars, bandurysts and lirnyks at the end of the 19th – the beginning of the 20th c. These papers are analyzed by the author. The attention is drawn to the specificity of O. Malynka’s works, which are characterized by the richness of material, concerning life and creativity of folk singers, conditions of their studying by different kobzars, bandurysts and lirnyks, which passed their skills of playing various instruments and transmitted traditions of corresponding singing of multi-genre songs. O. Malinka also explored the differences between a kobzar and a lyre player, which was primarily determined by the genre-filled repertoire of songs. Special attention is drawn to O. Malynka’s interest to ancient historical songs (dumas), which were the real pearl of kobzars and bandurysts repertoire and which gradually begin to vanish from repertoire of young singers, and it is explained by the change of epochs and departure of old musicians from life. The article reveals the presence of female performance on the bandura, which was a new phenomenon in Ukrainian musical culture for that era. The appearance of songs about Taras Shevchenko and Shevchenko’s poems from «Kobzar» in the repertoire of some bandurysts is also taken into account. It is underlined that O. Malynka’s activity contributed to the fact that names of many kobzars, bandurysts and lirnyks remained in the history of Ukrainian culture.
Periscapular Strength Profile Changes in Collegiate Baseball Pitchers Over the Course of a Season
Authors: Pabian Patrick S , Roach Victoria , Howard Roselin , Johnston Lauren , McGuire Ryan 
Published: June 2024

Background Repetitive application of high forces to the shoulder and scapular musculature during the pitching motion over the course of a collegiate baseball season may lead to changes in strength and increased fatigue, potentially predisposing pitching athletes to injury. The purpose of this study was to investigate periscapular strength profiles of Division I collegiate baseball players over the course of a season. Methods This study was a retrospective data analysis of 18 Division I baseball pitchers. Isometric scapular plane abduction (scaption), external rotator, internal rotator, middle trapezius, and lower trapezius isometric strength was measured on throwing arm of each subject using a MicroFET 2 handheld dynamometer. Data were collected in a single session at the preseason, midseason, and postseason of the college baseball season, which spanned a five-month period. A repeated measures ANOVA was utilized to determine if there was a significant change in periscapular strength across the baseball season. Results Over the three time-points, all strength values decreased for each muscle group, with decreases ranging from 3-14%. Changes in scaption strength values were statistically significant (p=0.018, partial eta squared =0.284) with an 8% reduction over the entire season, specifically with a 5% decline from mid-season to post-season. While external rotator, internal rotator, middle trapezius, and lower trapezius strength values all decreased over the course of the season (range 0.02kg to 1.8kg), these differences were not statistically significant. However, the middle trapezius strength value change (1.3kg loss) exceeded the minimal detectible change. Conclusion Periscapular muscles in baseball pitchers diminish in strength over the course of a collegiate baseball season. Understanding strength changes over the course of a season may influence training and therapeutic interventions. Level of Evidence 3b
Strength of the Uninvolved Limb Following Return to Activity After ACL Injury: Implications for Symmetry as a Marker of Sufficient Strength
Authors: Hartshorne Matthew T , Turner Jeffrey A , Cameron Kenneth L , Padua Darin A 
Published: June 2024

Background Muscular strength deficits are common after ACL injury. While the Limb Symmetry Index (LSI), using the uninvolved limb as a reference, is widely used, negative strength adaptations may affect both limbs post-injury. It is uncertain how the strength of the uninvolved limb in those with an ACL injury compares to uninjured individuals, making it unclear whether it is appropriate as a benchmark for determining sufficient strength. Purpose To compare the strength of key lower extremity muscles of the uninvolved limb in those with history of ACL injury (ACL-I) to the dominant limb in individuals with no history of ACL injury (control). Study Design Cross-sectional study. Methods: A total of 5,727 military cadets were examined, with 82 females and 126 males in the ACL-I group and 2,146 females and 3,373 males in the control group. Maximum isometric strength was assessed for six muscle groups measured with a hand-held dynamometer. Separate two-way ANOVAs with limb and sex were performed for each muscle group. Results Significant main effects for limb were observed with the uninvolved limb in the ACL-I group displaying greater strength compared to the dominant limb in the control group for the quadriceps, hamstrings, and gluteus medius, but effect sizes were small (Cohen’s d <0.25). Significant main effects for sex were observed with greater male muscular strength in all six muscle groups with small to large effect sizes (Cohen’s d 0.49-1.46). No limb-by-sex interactions were observed. Conclusions There was no evidence of reduced strength in the uninvolved limb in those with a history of ACL injury compared to the dominant limb in those with no prior ACL injury. This finding suggests that, after clearance to return to activities, the uninvolved limb can be used as a standard for comparison of sufficient strength, including when using the LSI. Level of Evidence: Level 3
Effects of Low-Load Blood Flow Restriction Training on Rotator Cuff Strength and Hypertrophy: Case Series
Authors: Safford Daniel W , Shah Kshamata M , Breidenbach Frederic , McClure Philip W 
Published: June 2024

Background The rotator cuff (RC) plays a pivotal role in the performance and health of the shoulder and upper extremity. Blood flow restriction training (BFRT) is a modality to improve strength and muscle hypertrophy with even low-load training in healthy and injured individuals. There is minimal evidence examining its effect proximal to the occluded area, and particularly on the RC. Hypothesis & Purpose The purpose of this case series is to explore the effects of low-load BFRT on RC strength, hypertrophy, and tendon thickness in asymptomatic individuals. Study Design Case series. Methods Fourteen participants with asymptomatic, untrained shoulders were recruited to participate. They performed an eight-week low-load shoulder exercise regimen where BFR was applied to the dominant arm only during exercise. The dependent variables were maximal isometric strength of the shoulder external rotators(ER) and elevators (in the scapular plane in full can position) (FC) measured via handheld dynamometry, cross sectional area (CSA) of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles, and supraspinatus tendon thickness measured via ultrasound imaging (US). Mean changes within and between arms were compared after training using paired t-tests. Cohen’s d was used to determine effect sizes. Results All participants were able to complete the BFRT regimen without adverse effects. Mean strength and CSA increased for all variables in both arms, however this increase was only significant (p<0.01) for FC strength bilaterally and CSA for the supraspinatus and infraspinatus on the BFRT side. The effect sizes for increased supraspinatus and infraspinatus CSA on the BFRT side were 0.40 (9.8% increase) and 0.46 (11.7% increase) respectively. There were no significant differences when comparing the mean changes of the BFRT side to the non-BFRT side for strength or muscle CSA. There were no significant changes to supraspinatus tendon thickness. Conclusion These results suggest variability in response of the RC musculature to low-load BFRT in asymptomatic individuals. The potential for a confounding systemic response in the study design makes determining whether low-load BFRT is more beneficial than low-load non-BFRT difficult. The hypertrophy seen on the BFRT side warrants further study. Level of Evidence 4
Pain Neuroscience Education for Acute Pain
Authors: Louw Adriaan , Schuemann Teresa , Zimney Kory , Puentedura Emilio J 
Published: June 2024

In musculoskeletal and sports medicine, pain has traditionally been linked to tissue injury, often assuming a linear correlation between tissue damage and pain intensity. However, modern pain science has illuminated the complexity of the human pain experience, incorporating psychosocial elements, nervous system sensitization, immune responses, and structural changes in the brain as factors. This contemporary understanding of pain has proven highly beneficial for both clinicians treating individuals in pain and those experiencing pain. Pain neuroscience education (PNE) provides individuals in pain with an understanding of the underlying neurobiology and neurophysiology of their pain experience, which has been shown to result in decreased self-reported pain, reduced disability, the alleviation of fear and fear-avoidance behaviors, diminished pain catastrophizing, and improved movement. Currently, research on PNE predominantly focuses on interventions with individuals with persistent or chronic pain conditions. However, those who experience acute, sub-acute, and perioperative pain also have the potential for elevated levels of fear, fear-avoidance, and pain catastrophizing, indicating potential benefits from PNE. This invited commentary seeks to inform readers about the latest advancements in pain science and propose a conceptual model for delivering PNE in acute pain experiences. Level of Evidence 5
The Effectiveness Of Somatic, Auditory, Visual, Intellectual (Savi) Method In Teaching Reading On Descriptive Text For Senior High School Students
Authors: Ardini Dessy Ayu , Nurlia Ratna 
Published: June 2024

To find the effect of Somatic, Auditory, Visual, Intellectual (SAVI) method on the students’ reading achievement was the aim of this study. Quasi experimental using non randomized pre-test posttest had been the research design in this study which involving first year students of senior high school as the subject of study. Class X5 was experimental group and class X7 was control group. To collect the data, pretest was given before the treatment. Somatic, Auditory, Visual, Intellectual (SAVI) method was given to experimental group and grammar translation method was given to control group. As result, T-score got from posttest with equal variance assumed was 6.604 with the probability 0.000 which was smaller than 0.05. It means the students taught by using Somatic, Auditory, Visual, Intellectual (SAVI) method achieved reading skill better than those who are taught by using Grammar Translation Method.
A Brief Overview of Spray Drying Technology and Its Potential in Food Applications
Authors: Kumoro Andri Cahyo , Wardhani Dyah Hesti , Kusworo Tutuk Djoko , Djaeni Mohammad , Ping Tan Chin , Alhanif Misbahudin 
Published: June 2024

Spray drying is one of the most preferred preservation methods that converts an aqueous feed containing solvent, carrier agent, and food compounds into dry powder with superb physicochemical and functional properties. This paper reviews the fundamental and important operating parameters, product characteristics, current and potential applications, and techno-economic aspects of spray drying. The key operating parameters should be chosen to achieve the highest spray drying performance in terms of operational efficiency and product quality. A successful spray drying operation is greatly dependent on the feed material properties, the mechanical design of the equipment, and selected operating parameters. This paper also found that water content, water activity, and glass transition temperature are the main parameters that really determine product quality in terms of shelf life and storage conditions of food powder obtained from the spray drying process. Recent advances in the development of new heatless spray drying technology in the manufacture of food flavoring and nutraceuticals are interesting to develop, in addition to the potential to produce nano-sized powders with distinctive properties and the use of superheated steam and carbon dioxide to sterilize products. The appropriate information on spray drying technology featured in this paper is targeted to reinforce researcher and practitioner understanding for widening its applications in pertinent food industries. Doi: 10.28991/HEF-2024-05-02-09 Full Text: PDF