bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Condom use among antiretroviral therapy patients in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Akinyemi Joshua O. , Awolude Olutosin A. , Adewole Isaac F. , Kanki Phyllis J. 
Published: September 2010

Background: While antiretroviral treatment (ART) has improved the health status of people living with HIV, new challenges to their sexual and reproductive health (SRH) needs and their ability to prevent secondary HIV infections have risen. This study aimed to determine the level and factors that affect condom use among ART-experienced patients at the premier teaching hospital in Nigeria. Methodology: This longitudinal study involved patients who initiated treatment at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, between January and December 2006. Sexually active patients who had received treatment for at least six months and had not defaulted on clinic follow-up schedules were studied. Data on socio-demographic characteristics and condom use were extracted from clinic records. Chi square test and logistic regression were employed to determine factors associated with condom use. Results: The study involved 866 patients, specifically, 306 (35.3%) men and 560 (64.7%) women aged 40.7 (SD 7.6) and 33.3 (SD 6.5) years respectively. Condoms usage before treatment and at last clinic visits was 14.0% and 43.3% respectively. Overall reports of condom use at specified periods were as follows: 1 - 6 months (33.0%); 7 - 12 months (37.3%) and above 12 months (53.8%). Patients in a marital union and those with higher education were more likely to use condoms. Conclusions: Condom use is significantly influenced by marital status and educational level. Although condom use increases together with follow-up time, the level can be improved. Primary and secondary prevention efforts targeting high-risk sexual behaviour among ART patients need to receive greater and continual attention.
Influenza preparedness in low-resource settings: a look at oxygen delivery in 12 African countries
Authors: Belle Janeil M , Cohen Hillary J , Shindo Nahoko , Lim Matthew L , Velazquez-Berumen Adriana , Ndihokubwayo Jean-Bosco , Cherian Meena N 
Published: September 2010

Background: Pandemic influenza poses a serious threat to populations in low and lower-middle income countries that face delays in access to health care and inadequately equipped facilities. Oxygen is first-line therapy for influenza-related hypoxia and a standard component of emergency respiratory resuscitation, yet remains a scarce resource in many countries. Methodology: A snapshot survey of oxygen supply and associated infrastructure was performed at 231 health centres and hospitals in twelve African countries using the World Health Organization (WHO) Tool for Situational Analysis to Assess Emergency and Essential Surgical Care. WHO Global Initiative for Emergency and Essential Surgical Care, WHO regional and country offices, and local Ministries of Health facilitated data collection from facilities surveyed. Data was stored in the WHO DataCol SQL database and computerized spreadsheet tools were used to generate descriptive statistics. Results: Ninety-nine (43.8%) of facilities surveyed reported uninterrupted access to an oxygen source and 55 (24.6%) possessed a fully functioning oxygen concentrator. Electricity was fully available at only 81 (35.1%) health facilities. Conclusions: In addition to efforts to secure vaccines and antivirals, future global influenza preparedness efforts should include investments in oxygen and associated equipment and infrastructure at first referral health facilities, to minimize morbidity and mortality from influenza in regions with limited medical resources. Increasing oxygen delivery capacity in these areas may also provide long-term, post-pandemic benefits in the management of other medical conditions of significance, including trauma, neonatal pulmonary hypofunction, and HIV-related and childhood pneumonia.
Using Hypermedia in Teaching Art & Design: Baroque Dutch Paintings
Authors: Alkholy Inas A. 
Published: September 2010

Although the whole world adapts ICT -information and communication technologies- in learning and teaching visual arts for the benefit of both the student and the society, the Middle East is motionless. ME teachers need training, institutional support and motivation to apply ICT in classrooms. Preparing a traditional lecture, including visual projected examples by data show takes less time. Doing comparisons and contrast, going through formal analysis or juggling between visual examples is complex within classrooms' technological limitations of having one projector. There is an urgent need to alter traditional methods of teaching art and design and integrate pictorial approaches.
This paper discusses design/art pedagogy via a suggested model lesson, which utilizes hypermedia to resemble internet interface. The lesson teaches Dutch Baroque interior design through a selection of Vermeer's paintings. Vermeer accurately painted interior elements in his paintings.
The development of technology stimulates studentsâ?? imagination and develops their understanding of more influencing graphical forms. Any other art and design themes and styles can be taught by using the same interface.
Laboratory Design Concepts for Effective Utilization of Resources and Obtaining Greater Efficacy
Authors: Srinath A 
Published: September 2010

Laboratories are workplaces for the conduct of experimentation across disciplines and perform interdisciplinary scientific research. This work will summarize the key architectural, engineering, and operational, safety, and sustainability considerations for the design Laboratories.
The author recognizes that in the 21st century we are pushing project design teams to create research laboratories that are responsive to current and future needs, that encourage interaction among students as well as researchers from various disciplines, that help recruit and retain qualified scientists, and that facilitates partnerships and development.
Synthesis of a 2‐Selenothymidine Phosphoramidite and Its Incorporation into Oligodeoxyribonucleotides
Authors: Zhang Wen , Huang Zhen 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe detailed synthetic protocol for a 2‐selenothymidine phosphoramidite and its use in preparing Se‐derivatized oligonucleotides are described here. The Se‐modified phosphoramidite synthesis was achieved by activating a 2‐thiothymidine derivative, followed by introduction of selenium functionality. The coupling reaction yield of the 2‐selenothymidine phosphoramidite during solid‐phase synthesis is high (>95%), and the oligonucleotides containing the 2‐selenothymidine derivatization are stable. Curr. Protoc. Nucleic Acid Chem. 42:1.23.1‐1.23.13. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Hyperuricemia and incident hypertension: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Grayson Peter C. , Kim Seo Young , LaValley Michael , Choi Hyon K. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectiveA novel rodent model and a recent randomized trial of hyperuricemic adolescents with hypertension suggest a pathogenetic role of uric acid in hypertension, but it remains unknown whether these findings would be applicable to adult populations where the larger disease burden exists. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to determine if hyperuricemia was associated with incident hypertension, particularly in various demographic subgroups.MethodsWe searched major electronic databases using medical subject headings and keywords without language restrictions (through April 2010). We included prospective cohort studies with data on incident hypertension related to serum uric acid levels. Data abstraction was conducted in duplicate. We analyzed age, sex, and race subgroups.ResultsA total of 18 prospective cohort studies representing data from 55,607 participants were included. Hyperuricemia was associated with an increased risk for incident hypertension (adjusted risk ratio [RR] 1.41, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.23–1.58). For a 1 mg/dl increase in uric acid level, the pooled RR for incident hypertension after adjusting for potential confounding was 1.13 (95% CI 1.06–1.20). These effects were significantly larger in younger study populations (P = 0.02) and tended to be larger in women (P = 0.059). Two studies suggested that the effect may also be larger among African American individuals. Furthermore, later publication year and US‐based studies were significantly associated with a lower effect estimate (P values <0.02).ConclusionHyperuricemia is associated with an increased risk for incident hypertension, independent of traditional hypertension risk factors. This risk appears more pronounced in younger individuals and women.
Responsiveness of the ABILHAND questionnaire in measuring changes in rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Batcho Charles Sèbiyo , Durez Patrick , Thonnard Jean‐Louis 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectiveABILHAND is a Rasch‐built questionnaire that measures manual ability in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. This study aimed to examine the test–retest reliability and the responsiveness of ABILHAND in RA patients.MethodsEighty‐eight patients underwent 3 evaluations: the first evaluation was at baseline (time 1), the second was 2 weeks later (time 2), and the third was 1 year later (time 3). Disease activity was assessed using the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints using the C‐reactive protein level (DAS28‐CRP). Patients rated the intensity of their RA‐related pain using a 100‐mm visual analog scale for pain and completed questionnaires based on their activity limitations (ABILHAND and the Health Assessment Questionnaire) and quality of life.ResultsThe responsiveness analyses were conducted by using global, group, and individual approaches. The global approach showed significant differences between the time 1 and time 3 scores of the DAS28‐CRP (P = 0.04) and ABILHAND (P = 0.04). Based on the changes in disease activity scores and the European League Against Rheumatism response criteria, the sample was divided into 3 groups: deteriorated, stable, and improved. The mean ± SD changes in manual ability were higher in the deteriorated (−1.23 ± 1.53 logit) and in the improved (1.22 ± 2.06 logits) groups than in the stable group (0.48 ± 1.09 logit). The effect size and standardized response mean confirmed that observation. The minimal clinically important difference was assessed in each group of patients.ConclusionThe ABILHAND questionnaire exhibited responsiveness in detecting slight changes in RA patients. Therefore, the ABILHAND tool can be used to evaluate the functional status of RA patients in clinical trials and settings.
A Three‐Dimensional Nanostructured Array of Protein Nanoparticles
Authors: Seo Hyuk‐Seong , Kim Seong‐Eun , Park Jin‐Seung , Lee Jong‐Hwan , Yang Ki‐Yeon , Lee Heon , Lee Kyung Eun , Han Sung‐Sik , Lee Jeewon 
Published: September 2010

AbstractHere a novel technique is reported to construct a three‐dimensional (3D) array of well‐defined and controllable multilayered nanostructures of proteins that is based on alternate layer‐by‐layer assembly of bacterial protein nanoparticles and DNA on a patterned array of gold dots. This is the first report on protein‐based multilayer stacking, which has the following significant advantages over conventional multilayer assemblies: 1) avoiding hazardous chemicals, the multilayer assembly is implemented in aqueous solution under mild temperature and pH conditions over a relatively short period; 2) direct multilayer growth from designated position is possible by controlling the aspect ratio; 3) multicomponent stacking can be easily performed through alternate stacking of different building blocks (in this case protein nanoparticles); and 4) a wide variety of 3D arrays can be constructed using various functionalized protein nanoparticles that are easily prepared through a simple genetic engineering approach. In this study, as a proof of concept, the developed 3D and patterned arrays of protein nanoparticle multilayers are successfully applied to the multiplexed bioassays of breast and colorectal cancer markers.
Control of the Properties of Micrometer‐Sized Actuators from Liquid Crystalline Elastomers Prepared in a Microfluidic Setup
Authors: Ohm Christian , Fleischmann Eva‐Kristina , Kraus Isabelle , Serra Christophe , Zentel Rudolf 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn this article new results on the preparation of monodisperse particles from a liquid crystalline elastomer in a microfluidic setup are presnted. For this, droplets from a liquid crystalline monomer are prepared in a microfluidic device and polymerized while they are flowing inside a microtube. The parti­cles obtained by this method possess an internal orientation, which gives them actuating properties. When they are heated into the isotropic phase of the liquid crystalline material they show a reversible change in shape whereby they change their length in one direction by almost 100%. It is shown how the variation of experimental parameters during their synthesis impacts the properties of these micro‐actuators. Influence over their primal shape, the strength of their shape changing properties, their size, and their mechanical properties is demontrated. From the systematic variation of experimental parameters a deep understanding of the complex processes taking place in a flowing droplet of a liquid crystalline material is obtainted. Additionally NMR analysis and swelling experiments on these actuating materials are provided.
Room‐Temperature Ferromagnetic Silver Vanadium Oxide (Ag1.2V3O8): A Magnetic Semiconductor Nanoring Structure
Authors: Wu Changzheng , Zhu Haiou , Dai Jun , Yan Wensheng , Yang Jinlong , Tian Yangchao , Wei Shiqiang , Xie Yi 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMagnetic nanoring structures are attractive for spintronic devices due to their unique attributes of well‐defined and reproducible magnetic states originating from their characteristic geometry. Almost all previous magnetic nanorings have been exclusively limited to traditional ferromagnetic materials, and a magnetic semiconductor (MSC) nanoring structure has been reported rarely during the past decades. Here, it is demonstrated that room‐temperature ferromagnetic Ag1.2V3O8 nanobelts and nanorings may be achieved by controlled oxidation of the V4+ precursors in an Ag+‐containing aqueous solution. The polarization‐induced self‐coiling of in situ formed Ag1.2V3O8 nanobelts is responsible for the formation of the perfectly circular nanoring geometry. The NEXAFS spectra and the density functional calculations clearly reveal that the electron transfer originates from the hybridization of the doped Ag+ and V4+ atoms, causing ordering of the magnetic moments that give rise to the intrinsic ferromagnetism of the Ag1.2V3O8 structure.
Biocompatible Bright YVO4:Eu Nanoparticles as Versatile Optical Bioprobes
Authors: Shen Jie , Sun Ling‐Dong , Zhu Jia‐Dan , Wei Liu‐He , Sun Hong‐Fang , Yan Chun‐Hua 
Published: September 2010

AbstractLanthanide nanoparticles (NPs), characterized by their large Stokes’ shifts, narrow emission bands and high photochemical stability, are promising candidates for optical probes in biological research. As a typical red emission material, Eu3+‐doped YVO4 is investigated in pursuit of an integral methodology for Ln‐based bioprobes. Assisted with phosphino‐polyacrylic acid, YVO4:Eu NPs with a luminescent quantum yield of ca. 54% are synthesized via a one‐pot hydrothermal reaction. The obtained NPs exhibit good water/buffer stability and feasible biomodification benefiting from the surface carboxylic acid groups. However, having an inorganic core of ca. 20 nm, these NPs do not affect the conformation of surface conjugated proteins (bovine serum albumin), as confirmed with the circular dichroism spectrum. A specific recognition protocol is demonstrated by biotinated YVO4:Eu NPs in quantitative fluoroimmunoassay and microchip assay. Furthermore, the biocompatibility of the Ln NPs, which is an important aspect towards biological application, is demonstrated with the MTT [3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay. Cell imaging studies conducted with spectral mapping technique and confocal fluorescent microscopy demonstrate the YVO4:Eu NPs to be a type of competitive luminescent probes for in vitro applications.
Insoluble Perfluoroalkylated Polymers: New Solid Supports for Supported Fluorous Phase Catalysis
Authors: Audic Nicolas , Dyer Philip W. , Hope Eric G. , Stuart Alison M. , Suhard Samuel 
Published: September 2010

AbstractNew perfluoroalkylated polystyrene resins have been prepared by the suspension polymerisation of 4‐(perfluoro‐n‐octyl)styrene. The evaluation of these highly fluorinated insoluble materials as catalyst supports for rhodium‐catalysed hydrogenation of styrene and palladium‐mediated Suzuki–Miyaura carbon‐carbon bond forming reactions with 4‐bromoacetophenone and 4‐bromoanisole revealed improvements in the recycling of the perfluoroalkylated catalysts as compared to that achieved using fluorous reverse‐phase silica gel.
Efficient Platinum(II) Catalyzed Hydroformylation Reaction in Water: Unusual Product Distribution in Micellar Media
Authors: Gottardo Marina , Scarso Alessandro , Paganelli Stefano , Strukul Giorgio 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe hydroformylation of a variety of terminal and internal alkenes is efficiently performed by cationic platinum triflate complexes of the type [P2Pt(H2O)2](OTf)2 under mild conditions in an aqueous micellar medium. The use of surfactants is essential to ensure dissolution of the catalyst and substrate in water with catalysts being positioned on the anionic surface of the micelles. Aldehydes are obtained with linear to branched ratios up to >99:1. With styrene derivatives also the corresponding benzaldehydes are formed. The catalyst can be separated by extraction of the organic products with hexane and recycled for at least four times with only a modest loss of activity and no effect on selectivity.
Enders’ SAMP‐Hydrazone as Traceless Auxiliary in the Asymmetric 1,4‐Addition of Cuprates to Enones
Authors: Sammet Karsten , Gastl Christoph , Baro Angelika , Laschat Sabine , Fischer Peter , Fettig Ina 
Published: September 2010

AbstractConjugate additions of Gilman cyanocuprates to (S)‐N‐amino‐2‐(methoxymethyl)pyrrolidine (SAMP)‐hydrazones 4, 5 derived from cyclic and acyclic α,β‐unsaturated ketones were investigated. A protocol utilizing copper(II) sulfate/ammonium chloride was evolved, which allowed cleavage of SAMP (S)‐1 under the hydrolysis and work‐up conditions, followed by recovery of the auxiliary with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). The enantioselectivity of cuprate additions was dominated for cyclic SAMP‐hydrazones 4 by the cuprate alkyl substituent and the ring size, in the case of acyclic arylidene SAMP‐hydrazones 5, however, by the nature of the aryl substituent. Electron‐donating substituents gave poor enantiomeric excesses, whereas electron‐withdrawing groups provided excellent ee values of 98–99%. The configuration of the new stereocenter was determined to be (R). Moreover, a reaction sequence was developed which integrates a tandem 1,4‐addition/methylation and traceless hydrolytic cleavage of the auxiliary (S)‐1 in a one‐pot reaction, resulting in enantiomerically pure methyl ketones 11–13, each of them with>99% ee.
Redox‐Active Catalyst Based on Poly(Anilinesulfonic Acid)‐ Supported Gold Nanoparticles for Aerobic Alcohol Oxidation in Water
Authors: Saio Daisuke , Amaya Toru , Hirao Toshikazu 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe hybrid consisting of gold nanoparticles and poly(2‐methoxyaniline‐5‐sulfonic acid), which works as a redox mediator for transferring protons and electrons, catalyzed the oxidation reaction of various alcohols in water under molecular oxygen.
Reactive extrusion processing of polypropylene/TiO2 nanocomposites by in situ synthesis of the nanofillers: Experiments and modeling
Authors: Bahloul Walid , Oddes Olivier , Bounor‐Legaré Véronique , Mélis Flavien , Cassagnau Philippe , Vergnes Bruno 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe effects of twin‐screw extrusion processing conditions upon the formation of polypropylene/titanium dioxide (PP/TiO2) nanocomposites are investigated. To prepare PP/TiO2 nanocomposites by limiting the problem of filler dispersion at the nanoscale, an original method was developed based on the creation of TiO2 through hydrolysis–condensation reactions (sol–gel method) of titanium n‐butoxide precursor during PP extrusion. The feed rate, the screw speed, and the amount of inorganic precursor were varied independently. The conversion rate of precursor as a function of process parameters was quantified by gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy combined techniques through the assessment of the alcohol formed. The effects of processing conditions on the development of the sol–gel reaction have also been investigated by using numerical simulations. The comparison between experimental and theoretical results shows that this simulation approach is relevant to predict the conversion of the inorganic precursor to TiO2 through hydrolysis–condensation reactions in molten PP. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
A 4D imaging tool for Lagrangian particle tracking in stirred tanks
Authors: Cheng Y. , Diez F. J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA time‐resolved volumetric 3D particle tracking tool is presented for mixing in stirred tanks studies and its capabilities are explored in a low Reynolds number custom‐made stirred tank. The technique provides a Lagrangian description of particles in the flow resolving their 3D trajectories, velocities, and acceleration. The optimization of the system allowed, for the first time, tracking ∼400 particles at a time in an imaged volume (60 mm × 60 mm × 50 mm) in the stirred tank. The system was validated in a 1‐D piston‐driven flow and by comparing the measurements with a 2D‐particle image velocimetry system in a stirred tank. Results show the advantages of this technique to understand particle dynamics. Sample measurements illustrated that small changes in the stirrer configuration produced an unexpected variety of particle trajectories which were classified according to their path shape and location. Particle velocities and Lagrangian accelerations provided new insights into their mixing process. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Mutational spectrum in congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type II: Identification of 19 novel variants in SEC23B gene
Authors: Russo Roberta , Esposito Maria Rosaria , Asci Roberta , Gambale Antonella , Perrotta Silverio , Ramenghi Ugo , Forni Gian Luca , Uygun Vedat , Delaunay Jean , Iolascon Achille 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSEC23B gene encodes an essential component of the coat protein complex II (COPII)‐coated vesicles. Mutations in this gene cause the vast majority the congenital dyserythropoietic anemia Type II (CDA II), a rare disorder resulting from impaired erythropoiesis. Here, we investigated 28 CDA II patients from 21 unrelated families enrolled in the CDA II International Registry. Overall, we found 19 novel variants [c.2270 A>C p.H757P; c.2149−2 A>G; c.1109+1 G>A; c.387(delG) p.L129LfsX26; c.1858 A>G p.M620V; c.1832 G>C p.R611P; c.1735 T>A p.Y579N; c.1254 T>G p.I418M; c.1015 C>T p.R339X; c.1603 C>T p.R535X; c.1654 C>T p.L552F; c.1307 C>T p.S436L; c.279+3 A>G; c. 2150(delC) p.A717VfsX7; c.1733 T>C p.L578P; c.1109+5 G>A; c.221+31 A>G; c.367 C>T p.R123X; c.1857_1859delCAT; p.I619del] in the homozygous or the compound heterozygous state. Homozygosity or compound heterozygosity for two nonsense mutations was never found. In four cases the sequencing analysis has failed to find two mutations. To discuss the putative functional consequences of missense mutations, computational analysis and sequence alignment were performed. Our data underscore the high allelic heterogeneity of CDA II, as the most of SEC23B variations are inherited as private mutations. In this mutation update, we also provided a tool to improve and facilitate the molecular diagnosis of CDA II by defining the frequency of mutations in each exon. Am. J. Hematol., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.