bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Nutrient Intake, Energy Expenditure and Physical Activity Level of Obese and Non-obese Women in Hisar District, India: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Sangwan Veenu , Rani Varsha 
Published: May 2024

The present study was conducted on thirty obese and thirty non-obese women (30-45 years) of Hisar district, Haryana to assess their mean nutrient intake, adequacy of intake of different nutrients, energy expenditure and physical activity level. The subjects did not exhibit any health complications and, overall, were in a state of good health. It was found that the mean intake of energy, protein, fat, folic acid and magnesium by respondents was comparable to Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) i.e 98 to 129 per cent of RDA. But when assessed on parameter of adequacy it was found that only 50 to 53.3 percent of respondents consumed adequate protein. Intake of most of the nutrients (iron, β-carotene, folic acid) under study, by them, was marginally adequate to inadequate when compared to the recommended values (with few exceptions). Calcium intake of 50 per cent of non-obese women was adequate while iron intake of 66.7 per cent of them was 50 to 74.9 per cent of RDA. All the obese and non-obese women were sedentary workers and consumed more energy than their requirement. This low intake in their nutrient intake may be due to inadequate intake of protective foods and it was felt that they need awareness regarding balanced diet and endorse adoption of a healthy life style by including minimum of 30 minutes of physical activity in their daily routines.
In-vitro Efficacy of Different Chemical Fungicides and Plant Extracts Against Alternaria alternata Causing Alternaria Leaf Spot Disease in Brinjal
Authors: Yadav Ajeet Pratap , Kumar Ajay , Gupta Himanshu Kumar , Awasthi Rajneesh Kumar , Gera Riya , Shukla Vivek 
Published: May 2024

Five different chemical fungicides and three plant extracts were evaluated against Alternaria alternate causing Alternaria leaf spot disease in brinjal. The experiment was carried out in the laboratory of plant pathology at Chaudhary Charan Singh University Meerut, during kharif season 2021-22. During survey the maximum disease incidence was recorded (37.8%) Rajpura in Meerut and minimum (10.9%) incidence was recorded in Lakhaoti, survey and metrological data presented in the (Tables 2 & 3). The incidence of the disease varied from 10.9 to 37.8 percent due to difference in environmental condition. The concentration of all fungicides and Plant-extracts was kept at 500, 1000 and 2000 ppm. Mycelial growth was measured to continue zero to ten days. Mainly four chemical fungicides (Thaiophinate Methyl 70%WP, Propineb 70% WP, Carbendazim 50%WP and Chlorothalonil 75% WP) and Neem extract significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of the pathogen (Alternaria alternata). Among all those, four fungicides and Neem extract giving the better results. Maximum 100% mycelial growth inhibition was recorded in Thaiophinate Methyl 70%WP, 94.45% mycelial growth inhibition was recorded in Propineb 70% WP, 86.09% mycelial growth inhibition was recorded in Carbendazim 50%WP and 84.80 growth inhibition was recorded in Chlorothalonil 75% WP and in plant extract 18.53% inhibition was observed in Neem and 14.33% inhibition was observed in garlic. However, Azoxystrobin 23% SC and Onion also had some effect, which is mentioned in the result of the paper.
Highly Efficient Synthesis of New α‐Arylamino‐α′‐chloropropan‐2‐ones via Oxidative Hydrolysis of Vinyl Chlorides Promoted by Calcium Hypochlorite
Authors: Pace Vittorio , Martínez Fernando , Fernández María , Sinisterra José V. , Alcántara Andrés R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe oxidative hydrolysis of different trifluoroacetyl‐protected N‐(2‐chloroallyl)anilines, promoted by calcium hypochlorite, is able to yield several not previously described α‐arylamino‐α′‐chloropropan‐2‐ones, very valuable building blocks that are useful as precursors of several drugs, in excellent yields and short reaction times. The main requirement of the reaction for avoiding the undesired aromatic chlorination (N‐protection) is effectively solved by the use of the easily formed and removed N‐trifluoroacetyl group. Thus, it is possible to perform the oxidative hydrolysis‐deprotection step using a one‐pot strategy, obtaining quantitative yields in very short reaction times.
Directed Evolution of an Enantioselective Enoate‐Reductase: Testing the Utility of Iterative Saturation Mutagenesis
Authors: Bougioukou Despina J. , Kille Sabrina , Taglieber Andreas , Reetz Manfred T. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDirected evolution utilizing iterative saturation mutagenesis (ISM) has been applied to the old yellow enzyme homologue YqjM in the quest to broaden its substrate scope, while controlling the enantioselectivity in the bioreduction of a set of substituted cyclopentenone and cyclohexenone derivatives. Guided by the known crystal structure of YqjM, 20 residues were selected as sites for saturation mutagenesis, a pooling strategy based on the method of Phizicky [M. R. Martzen, S. M. McCraith, S. L. Spinelli, F. M. Torres, S. Fields, E. J. Grayhack, E. M. Phizicky, Science 1999, 286, 1153–1155] being used in the GC screening process. The genes of some of the hits were subsequently employed as templates for randomization experiments at the other putative hot spots. Both (R)‐ and (S)‐selective variants were evolved using 3‐methylcyclohexenone as the model substrate in the asymmetric bioreduction of the olefinic functionality, only small mutant libraries and thus minimal screening effort being necessary. Some of the best mutants also proved to be excellent catalysts when testing other prochiral substrates without resorting to additional mutagenesis/screening experiments. Thus, the results constitute an important step forward in generalizing the utility of ISM as an efficient method in laboratory evolution of enzymes as catalysts in organic chemistry.
Features of structure formation and electrophysical properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride) crystalline ferroelectric polymers
Authors: Kochervinskii Valentin V. , Kozlova Nina V. , Khnykov Alexey Y. , Shcherbina Maxim A. , Sulyanov Serghey N. , Dembo Kirill A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe influence of intramolecular dipole–dipole interaction changes on structure formation peculiarities and some electrophysical properties were investigated with example of copolymers of vinylidene fluoride with tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene with different compositions. The decrease of such dipole–dipole interactions in vinylidene fluoride/tetrafluoroethylene copolymers leads to an increase of the a and b parameters of the ferroelectric phase lattice and were accompanied by a shift of the Curie point to lower temperatures. The presence of peak‐halo at angles near 2θ = 18° were attributed to a paraelectric phase localized in the interfacial domains at the crystal–amorphous phase boundaries. Similar peak‐halos for vinylidene fluoride/hexafluoropropylene copolymers crystallizing into the nonpolar α phase were associated with the presence of an antiferroelectric phase formed by the chains in the planar zigzag conformation. The temperature range where dielectric anomalies were detected was characterized by conformational changes at which the decrease in planar zigzag conformation isomers took place. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Synthesis and properties of copolymer of 3‐thienylmethyl disulfide and benzyl disulfide for cathode material in lithium batteries
Authors: Weng Guoming , Su Yuzhi , Liu Zhaoqing , Wu Zhaoyi , Chen Shuang , Zhang Jianhua , Xu Changwei 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe copolymerization of 3‐thienylmethyl disulfide and benzyl disulfide has been investigated. Two monomers were synthesized in a novel facile way. Copolymer of them, especially poly (3‐thienylmethyl disulfide‐co‐benzyl disulfide), ratio 1 : 4, namely, TcB1:4, was easily electrocopolymerized to form a stable and higher conductive structure at a lower potential on Pt, Au, or glass carbon electrode. TcB1:4 and TcB4:1, especially the former, exhibit better conductivities than those of pure poly 3‐thienylmethyl disulfide and poly benzyl disulfide. The copolymer has larger areas than that of monopolymer by cyclic voltammogram measurement. The copolymer shows a capability of supplying more power and energy than monopolymer itself. Copolymers could be used as cathode materials for lithium secondary batteries because their functional groups could not be destroyed before 80°C. In scanning electron micrography, the copolymers show larger compacter structure. The results of the copolymer systems show that they are potentials as cathode materials for lithium batteries. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Modification of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate)‐co‐poly(3‐hydroxyvalerate) with natural rubber
Authors: Coelho Jorge F. J. , Góis Joana R. , Fonseca Ana C. , Gil M. H 
Published: December 2009

AbstractComposites of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate)‐co‐poly(3‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBHV) with 6% of 3‐hydroxyvalerate (HV) and natural rubber (NR) were prepared by a solvent‐casting method. Different approaches were tested for the composite preparation. Both PHBHV and NR were dissolved in chloroform, followed by its evaporation, giving various layers. The mechanical properties and morphology of the obtained composites were evaluated by tensile tests and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The obtained results demonstrated that the final composite has excellent mechanical properties when compared with PHBHV. SEM analysis unequivocally showed the excellent adhesion between the two polymeric layers. This new material was also tested as a drug delivering system using flurbiprofen as a model drug, and then the diffusion coefficients were determined. This article describes an easy method to produce a desirable composite from PHBHV and NR. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Fabrication and biocompatibility of porously bioactive scaffold of nonstoichiometric apatite and poly(ε‐caprolactone) nanocomposite
Authors: Ye Liang , Zeng Xinchen , Li Haojiang , Wang Zhe 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBioactive nanocomposite of nonstoichiometric apatite (ns‐AP) and poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) was synthesized and its porous scaffold was fabricated. The results show that the hydrophilicity and cell attachment ratio on the composite surface improved with the increase of ns‐AP content in PCL. The composite scaffolds with 60 wt % ns‐AP content contained open and interconnected pores ranging in size from 200 to 500 μm and exhibit a porosity of around 80%. In addition, proliferation of MG63 cells on the composite scaffolds significantly increased with the increase of ns‐AP content, and the level of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and nitric oxide (NO) production of the cells cultured on the composite scaffold were higher than that of PCL at 7 days, revealing that the composite scaffolds had excellent in vitro biocompatibility and bioactivity. The composite scaffolds were implanted into rabbit mandible defects, the results suggest that the introduction of ns‐AP into PCL enhanced the efficiency of new bone formation, and the ns‐AP/PCL composite exhibited in vivo good biocompatibility and osteogenesis. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Preparation and characterization of acrylic polymers based on a novel acrylic monomer produced from vegetable oil
Authors: Cho Hang‐Goo , Park Seong‐Yung , Jegal Jonggeon , Song Bong‐Keun , Kim Hyung‐Joong 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTo prepare polymers based on the vegetable oils, an acrylic monomer with long alkyl chain, (2‐(acryloyloxy) ethyl oleate) (AEO)), was prepared by the reaction of hydroxyl ethyl acrylate (HEA) with methyl oleate (MO), in which the MO, having very similar structure to the bio‐diesel, was the one derived from Linseed oil. For the formation of the AEO, Novozyme‐435, the Candida antarctica lipase B loaded on the acrylic resin, was used as a catalyst. To optimize its reaction condition, effects of experimental factors, such as, different enzymes, reaction temperature, water activity of enzyme, concentration of enzyme used, and molar ratio of HEA and MO, were studied. The AEO was then, after characterization using several analytical methods, polymerized by the radical polymerization, using benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as a catalyst. The Mn of the polymers prepared under different experimental conditions was in the range from 20,000 to 30,000 g/mol. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Preparation of nano‐TiO2/polystyrene hybride microspheres and their antibacterial properties
Authors: Jiang Guohua , Zeng Jianfang 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis study provided a facile method to prepare nano‐TiO2/polystyrene hybride microspheres in ethanol solution. The formation of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles and hybrid microspheres were verified by FTIR, SEM, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and X‐ray powder diffraction. Monodispersed colloid TiO2 nanoparticles with small particle sizes were obtained, and the average particle size could be effectively controlled from about 10 nm. The antibacterial activity of the organic microspheres and hybride microspheres was also investigated against Escherichia coli. They were able to efficiently inhibit the growth and the multiplication of E. coli under the UV. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
The effect of bicyclo[2.2.1]hept‐5‐ene‐2,3‐dicarboxylate on the mechanical properties and crystallization behaviors of isotactic polypropylene
Authors: Cai Zhi , Zhao Shicheng , Shen Benxian , Xin Zhong 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe mechanical and optical properties of iPP nucleated with bicyclo[2.2.1]heptenedicarboxylate salts (BCHED) have been investigated. The results showed that aluminum bicyclo[2.2.1]heptenedicarboxylate (BCHE13) is the most effective nucleating agent to improve the mechanical and optical properties. Then the effects of the BCHE13 concentration on mechanical and optical properties and crystallization behaviors were studied. The results indicated that the saturated concentration of BCHE13 is about 0.2 wt %, at which nucleated iPP showed the better comprehensive mechanical and optical properties and high crystallization peak temperature. Nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of iPP nucleated with different BCHE13 contents have been investigated by Caze method. The results indicated Avrami exponents of nucleated iPP gradually increased with the increasing of BCHE13 concentration. The results can be explained that crystallization and growth model of nucleated iPP is heterogeneous nuclei followed by more than three‐dimension spherical growth during nonisothermal crystallization, which can be proved by agglomeration of BCHE13 in melt iPP. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Systematic evaluation of the preparation of conducting PANI/ABS blends
Authors: Cristovan Fernando H. , Lemos Sherlan G. , Pereira Ernesto C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFilms of blended poly(acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene) (ABS) and polyaniline (PANI) were produced by codissolving both components in a common organic solvent, which was then evaporated. The influence of the preparation conditions on the properties of the blends was analyzed by factorial design. The factors evaluated were the PANI content in the blend, the m‐cresol to chloroform solvent ratio, the dopant used (dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA) or camphor sulfonic acid) and its concentration, and the acrylonitrile content in the ABS. The responses analyzed were the flexibility and electrical conductivity of the blends. The results showed that the PANI content in the blend and the acrylonitrile content in the ABS were the major factors influencing both of the assessed responses. The dopant affected only the conductivity, DBSA being preferred for the development of more conductive PANI/ABS blends. The solvent ratio did not have any influence, owing to the uniform expanded coil conformation expected for PANI molecules at the studios ratios. After the best conditions had been established, a percolation threshold study was performed that pointed to a low threshold of 3 wt % PANI necessary in the blend, giving a flexible blend with a conductivity of 3 S/cm. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Preparation of polyurethane/hectorite, polyurethane/montmorillonite, and polyurethane/laponite nanocomposites without organic modifiers
Authors: Seydibeyoǧlu M. Özgür , İşçi Sevim , Güngör Nurfer , Ece O. Işık , Güner F. Seniha 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPolyurethane (PU) nanocomposites were prepared from hectorite (HEC) and laponite without adding any organic modifier. PU‐montmorillonite nanocomposites were prepared for comparison. The structure of the composites were investigated by transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Thermal gravimetric analysis and dynamic mechanic analysis were used for determination of the thermal and viscoelastic behaviors, respectively. Tensile tests were conducted for characterization of the mechanical properties. The results showed a 113.5% increase in the tensile strength of PU containing 7 wt % HEC compared to that of neat PU. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Influence of a hindered amine stabilizer on optical and mechanical properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) exposed to gamma irradiation
Authors: Aquino Kátia Aparecida S. , Araújo Elmo S. , Guedes Selma Matheus L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe ability of Tinuvin 622, a Hindered Amine Stabilizer (HAS), in decreasing of radiation damage to commercial PMMA matrix used in manufacturing of medical supplies was examined. Effects of gamma irradiation in PMMA specimens irradiated at dose range of 10–60 kGy were assessed by comparison of the variation of viscosity average molar mass (Mv) of PMMA with Tinuvin 622 (PMMA‐622) when compared with PMMA without the additive (PMMA‐control). Samples containing Tinuvin 622 presented smaller decrease of Mv as a function of dose. This phenomenon causes direct influence in the mechanical properties of PMMA. Above 10 kGy, both PMMA‐control and PMMA‐622 undergo changes in the yellowness index with increase of absorbed dose; however, the phenomenon was less pronounced for PMMA‐622 samples. Electron Spin Resonance spectra showed that Tinuvin 622 induces a faster evolution of radicals formed in PMMA radiolysis followed by a decrease in radiation‐induced degradation of the samples. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Improved mechanical properties and special reinforcement mechanism of natural rubber reinforced by in situ polymerization of zinc dimethacrylate
Authors: Nie Yijing , Huang Guangsu , Liu Zhiyuan , Qu Liangliang , Zhang Peng , Weng Gengsheng , Wu Jinrong 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe peroxide‐cured natural rubber (NR) was reinforced by in situ polymerization of zinc dimethacrylate (ZDMA). The experimental results showed NR could be greatly reinforced by ZDMA. The tensile strength and the hardness of NR/ZDMA composites increased with the content of ZDMA. The reinforcement mechanism was studied further. Both high crosslinking density provided by ionic crosslinking and strain‐induced crystallization improved the mechanical properties. The crosslinking density was determined by an equilibrium swelling method and the crystallization index was measured by Wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WXRD). When the amount of ZDMA was high, the ability of strain‐induced crystallization decreased, due to the strong interactions between the rubber phase and the hard poly‐ZDMA (PZDMA) nanodispersions. At the moment, the increasing ionic crosslinking density made up for the effect of the drop of the strain‐induced crystallization, and played a more important role in the reinforcement. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Irradiation grafting of methyl methacrylate monomer onto ultra‐high‐molecular‐weight polyethylene: An experimental design approach for improving adhesion to bone cement
Authors: Ravanbakhsh Somayeh , Rezaei Mostafa , Sheikh Nasrin , Heidari Amin 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe grafting of methyl methacrylate (MMA) onto ultra‐high‐molecular‐weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and chromic acid etched UHMWPE was conducted with a preirradiation method in air in the presence of a Mohr salt and sulfuric acid. The grafted samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, a gravimetric method, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and interfacial bonding strength measurements. The FTIR results showed the presence of ether and carbonyl groups in the MMA‐grafted UHMWPE (MMA‐g‐UHMWPE) samples. The Taguchi experimental design method was used to find the best degree of grafting (DG) and bonding strength. The efficient levels for different variables were calculated with an analysis of variance of the results. SEM micrographs of MMA‐g‐UHMWPE samples showed that with increasing DG and chromic acid etching, the MMA‐g‐UHMWPE rich phase increased on the surface; this confirmed the high interfacial bonding strength of the grafted samples with bone cement. The grafting of the MMA units onto UHMWPE resulted in a lower crystallinity, and the crystallization process proceeded at a higher rate for the MMA‐g‐UHMWPE samples compared to the initial UHMWPE; this suggested that the MMA grafted units acted as nucleating agents for the crystallization of UHMWPE. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Poly(vinyl chloride)/metallic oxides/organically modified montmorillonite nanocomposites: Fire and smoke behavior
Authors: Rodolfo Antonio , Innocentini Mei Lucia Helena 
Published: December 2009

AbstractNanocomposites of poly(vinyl chloride), metallic oxides (copper, molybdenum, and zinc), and organically modified montmorillonite (O‐MMT) were prepared in a melt‐blending or intercalation‐in‐the‐molten state process, and their morphology was assessed with X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The formation of an intercalated/partially exfoliated hybrid microstructure was confirmed in every situation studied. The combustion and smoke emission properties were studied with cone calorimetry, limiting oxygen index, and thermogravimetry (TG) coupled with mass spectroscopy (MS). The results reveal that the metallic oxides had a significant effect on both the combustion properties and smoke suppression, whereas O‐MMT only affected these properties discretely. Little interaction was observed in the joint use of these additives. The results also confirm the anticipation of dehydrochlorination, reductive coupling, and benzene suppression mechanisms resulting from the presence of copper, molybdenum, and zinc metals; these were indicated by the increase in carbonaceous char residue and the significant reduction in benzene formation, in this case indicated in the TG/MS measurements obtained. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010