bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining the Impact of the Innovative Opioid Court Model on Treatment Access and Court Outcomes for Court Participants
Authors: Elkington Katherine S. , Ryan Margaret E. , Basaraba Cale , Dambreville Renald , Alschuler Dan , Wall Melanie M. , Garcia Alejandra , Christofferson Monica , Andrews Howard F. , Nunes Edward V. 
Published: June 2024

Objective
The opioid intervention court (OIC) is an innovative, pre-plea treatment court to facilitate rapid linkage to medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) for people at risk of overdose. This study compares participants in OIC and participants with opioid use problems in a traditional drug treatment court model on (i) initiation for any substance use (SU) treatment, (ii) initiation of MOUD, (iii) number of days to MOUD initiation, and (iv) retention in the OIC program/retention on MOUD.

Methods
We used administrative court records from n = 389 OIC and n = 229 drug court participants in 2 counties in New York State. Differences in outcomes by court were assessed using logistic, multinomial, or linear regressions.

Results
After adjusting for current charge severity, gender, race/ethnicity, age, and county, OIC participants were no more likely to initiate any SU treatment but were significantly more likely to initiate MOUD (81.2% OIC vs 45.9% drug court, P < 0.001) and were more quickly linked to any SU treatment (hazard ratio = 1.68, 95% confidence interval = 1.35–2.08) and MOUD (hazard ratio = 4.25, 95% confidence interval = 3.23–5.58) after starting the court. Retention in court/MOUD was higher among drug court participants and may speak to the immediate sanctions (eg, jail) for noncompliance with drug court directives as compared with opioid court, which does not carry such immediate sanctions for noncompliance.

Conclusions
These analyses suggest that the new OIC model can more rapidly link participants to treatment, including MOUD, as compared with traditional drug court model, and may demonstrate improved ability to immediately stabilize and reduce overdose risk in court participants.
Standard Versus Rapid Inpatient Methadone Titration for Pregnant Patients With Opioid Use Disorder: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Iyer Neel S. , Ferguson Emily B. , Yan Vivian Z. , Hand Dennis J. , Abatemarco Diane J. , Boelig Rupsa C. 
Published: June 2024

Objectives
Our study evaluated if rapid inpatient titration of methadone for pregnant patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) improved outcomes without increasing the risk for overdose.

Methods
This is a retrospective cohort study of pregnant patients admitted for inpatient methadone titration from January 2020 to June 2022. Outcomes were compared between standard versus rapid titration protocols. Standard titration involved an initial methadone dose with additional doses every 6 hours if clinical opiate withdrawal score (COWS) is >9. Rapid titration involved an initial methadone dose with additional doses every 4 hours if COWS is >9. The primary outcome was time required to achieve stable dose. Secondary outcomes included elopement prior to achieving stable dose, methadone-related readmission, opioid overdose, and final dose.

Results
There were 97 patients in the standard titration (STP) and 97 patients in the rapid titration (RTP) groups. Demographic characteristics and substance use history did not differ between the 2 groups. Time to stable dose did not differ between the 2 groups (RTP, 5.0 days ±4.0; STP, 4.0 days ±3.0; P = 0.08). Patients in the rapid titration group were less likely to elope from the hospital prior to stabilization (RTP 23.0% vs STP 37.9%, P = 0.03) and had fewer methadone-related readmissions (P < 0.001). One patient (1.0%) in the RTP group required naloxone treatment while inpatient for concern for overdose, while none did in the STP group (P = 0.32). There was no difference in median final stable dose between the 2 groups (P = 0.07).

Conclusions
Rapid titration of methadone for pregnant patients with OUD was associated with decreased medical elopement and methadone-related readmission, without increasing the risk for overdose.
Scarring In Utero: An Attempt to Validate With Data Unconfounded by Migration and Medical Care
Authors: Catalano Ralph , Bonham Jason , Gemmill Alison , Bruckner Tim 
Published: June 2024

Background:
“Scarring in utero” posits that populations exposed to injurious stressors yield birth cohorts that live shorter lives than expected from history. This argument implies a positive historical association between period life expectancy (i.e., average age at death in year t) and cohort life expectancy (i.e., average lifespan of persons born in year t). Tests of the argument have not produced consistent results and appear confounded by autocorrelation, migration, and access to medical care. Here we test whether, as predicted by scarring in utero, sex-specific period and cohort life expectancy appear positively related among Swedes born from 1751 through 1800. If scarring has ever influenced longevity, we should detect signals of its effects in these cohorts because, unlike other populations with known life span, they aged in place and unlikely benefitted from increased access to efficacious medical care.

Methods:
We use Box–Jenkins methods to control autocorrelation and measure associations.

Results:
Contrary to the scarring hypothesis, we find an inverse association between period and cohort life expectancy. Our findings imply that, among males, variation in injurious stress on the population predicted changes in cohort life span ranging from a gain of approximately 67 weeks to a loss of about 45 weeks of life and among females from a gain of approximately 68 weeks to a loss of about 38 weeks of life.

Conclusion:
Epidemiologists trying to understand and explain temporal variation in cohort life expectancy should view the scarring argument with greater skepticism than currently found in the literature.
Exploring venous thromboembolism in colorectal surgery: A case report and current insights
Authors: Huang Pei-Yin , Liang Jin-Tung 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a serious complication that can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Although the incidence of VTE is lower in the Asian population compared with Caucasians, colorectal surgery patients still face an increased risk. This review article presents a case report of a patient who developed pulmonary embolism following surgery and provides an updated evidence-based review of VTE risk assessment and prophylactic strategies in colorectal surgery.
Intereye Asymmetry as a Predictor of Progression in Patients With Untreated Keratoconus: Findings From a Longitudinal Study
Authors: Arnalich-Montiel Francisco , Ortiz-Toquero Sara , Kandel Himal , Lewis Noni , Chiong Hong Sheng , Downie Nicholas , Watson Adam , Abbondanza Marco , Watson Stephanie 
Published: June 2024

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate interocular predictors of progression in patients with untreated keratoconus.

Methods:
This is a multicenter longitudinal observational study with real-world data collected through the Save Sight Keratoconus Registry. Patients between the period of June 2000 and September 2022 were included in this study. Parameters such as patient age, sex, ocular history, visual acuity, K2, Max-K, and thinnest corneal thickness pachymetry (TCT) were analyzed.

Results:
There were 4342 untreated eyes from 2171 patients with keratoconus. A total of 333 patients showed progression of either Max-K, TCT, or both, whereas 1838 patients showed stable parameters. Factors associated with a higher incidence of progression in Max-K were younger baseline age (HR 0.96 per year older; 95% CI 0.95–0.98, P < 0.0001) and a higher baseline intereye asymmetry in Max-K (HR 1.02 per higher diopter; 95% CI 1.00–1.04, P = 0.04). A younger baseline age was the only predictor of progression in TCT (HR 0.97 per year older; 95% CI 0.95–0.99, P = 0.001).

Conclusions:
Age is the most significant predictor of progression for both corneal thinning and progression of Max-K. Interocular asymmetry in Max-K at baseline could be used as part of an algorithm for determining the risk of keratoconus progression. It is recommended that patients with higher interocular asymmetry in Max-K have a closer follow-up of both eyes as they are at a higher risk of progression.
The Nurses' Role in the Cardiac Rehabilitation Team
Authors: Lidin Matthias , Michelsen Halldora Ögmundsdottir , Hag Emma , Stomby Andreas , Schlyter Mona , Bäck Maria , Hagström Emil , Leosdottir Margret 
Published: June 2024

Background
Nurses constitute a central profession in the cardiac rehabilitation (CR) team delivering comprehensive CR to individuals with cardiovascular disease. We aimed to identify specific components reflecting the nurses' role in the CR team associated with attainment of risk factor targets post myocardial infarction.

Methods
Center-level data (n = 78) was used from the Perfect-CR study, in which structure and processes applied at CR centers in Sweden (including details on the nurses' role) were surveyed. Patient-level data (n = 6755) was retrieved from the SWEDEHEART registry. Associations between structure/processes and target achievement for systolic blood pressure (BP) (<140 mm Hg) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C, <1.8 mmol/L) at 1 year post myocardial infarction were assessed using logistic regression.

Results
Structure and processes reflecting nurses' autonomy and role in the CR team associated with patients achieving systolic BP and/or LDL-C targets included the following: nurses having treatment algorithms to adjust BP medication (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: systolic BP, 1.22 [1.05–1.42]; LDL-C, 1.17 [1.03–1.34]) and lipid-lowering medication (systolic BP, 1.14 [1.00–1.29]; LDL-C, 1.17 [1.05–1.30]), patients having the same nurse throughout follow-up (systolic BP, 1.07 [1.03–1.11]; LDL-C, 1.10 [1.06–1.14]), number of follow-up hours with a nurse (systolic BP, 1.13 [1.07–1.19]), having regular case rounds to discuss patient cases during follow-up (LDL-C, 1.22 [1.09–1.35]), and nurses having training in counseling methods (systolic BP, 1.06 [1.03–1.10]).

Conclusion
Components reflecting CR nurses' autonomy and role in the team are of importance for patients attaining risk factor targets post myocardial infarction. The results could provide guidance for optimizing nurses' competence and responsibilities within the CR team to improve patient care.
Barriers to Seeking Healthcare Services After Sexual Assault: A Scoping Review
Authors: Lucea Marguerite B. , Ramirez Andrea , Martino Natalie 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
Sexual violence by an intimate partner or by a stranger remains highly prevalent in the United States. Yet, the use of post-sexual-assault health care is still underutilized. Persons in vulnerable populations such as immigrants, LGBTQIA+, and Black women may experience additional barriers to care.

Objective
We sought to determine the extant research in this area, the methodologies used, and whether specific barriers exist for seeking sexual assault services. We sought to understand if barriers differed for vulnerable populations.

Inclusion Criteria
Peer-reviewed literature published before September 2023, written in English, conducted in the United States, and that included survivors of sexual violence and explored barriers to seeking care postassault (i.e., sexual assault nurse examiners) were included in the review.

Methods
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews protocols were followed. PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and PTSDpubs databases were used to identify literature that met the inclusion criteria, from which we selected 14 publications.

Results
Much of the literature employed qualitative or mixed methods designs. Several studies focused on underserved minority groups, including immigrant women, Black women, and homeless youth. Common barriers existed on the intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, community, and societal levels.

Conclusion
The literature provided substantive context for the multilevel barriers, all contributing to survivors remaining silent rather than seeking much-needed help. Although there is a need for additional research on barriers to sexual assault services specifically, the extant research supports strengthening multilevel, alternative approaches to deliver much-needed services.
The Prognostic Significance of Collagen VI in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Kesti Ella , Borgmästars Emmy , Hagström Jaana , Mustonen Harri , Seppänen Hanna , Haglund Caj , Sund Malin 
Published: June 2024

Objectives
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by poor prognosis and lack of biomarkers. A rich desmoplastic tumor stroma is considered a hallmark of PDAC and previous studies have indicated upregulated expression of collagen VI (COL6) in PDAC. COL6 is shown to associate with prognosis in many cancers but has been less extensively studied in PDAC.

Materials and Methods
The expression of COL6 was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in tissue microarrays containing resected tumor tissue samples from PDAC patients (n = 164). Significance of COL6 was estimated with Kaplan-Meier survival estimates and multivariable Cox regression analysis. COL6 protein and mRNA expression patterns were further investigated in publicly available datasets.

Results
There were no statistically significant (P < 0.05) differences in survival when comparing high and low protein expression of any of the analyzed COL6 α-chains (α1(VI): hazard ratio [HR] 0.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.64–1.28; α2(VI): HR 1.28, 95% CI 0.86–1.89; α3(VI): HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.64–1.29). Similar results were obtained when assessing public data from the Cancer Proteome Atlas, Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium, and The Cancer Genome Atlas.

Conclusions
In contrast with previous studies and some other cancers, we did not find any association of COL6 tissue expression and PDAC survival.
Gingival Hyperplasia Masquerading as Tumor Lesion, Possibly Linked to Amlodipine Use
Authors: Sawamura Hirokazu , Koyasu Sho , Sugimoto Akihiko , Fujimura Shintaro , Nakamoto Yuji 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A 70-year-old woman under amlodipine treatment for hypertension presented with a hemorrhagic mass in the mandibular gingiva. Imaging studies revealed high signal intensity in T2-weighted MRI and moderate 18F-FDG accumulation at the lesion’s periphery. Although no malignancy was detected, the lesion continuously grew, prompting excision. Histopathological examination confirmed gingival hyperplasia attributed to amlodipine use. Drug-induced gingival hyperplasia typically presents as diffuse swelling; however, this lesion manifested as a polyp, posing diagnostic challenges. Reports on imaging findings for drug-induced gingival hyperplasia are limited. Understanding imaging patterns alongside clinical history aids in accurate diagnosis.
Diagnostic Accuracy of SPECT for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Koziarz Alex , Koziarz Frank , Shen Rui , Gopee-Ramanan Prasaanthan , Black Sandra E. , Worsley Daniel , Chan Ian Y.M. , Streiner David L. , Zukotynski Katherine A. 
Published: June 2024

Purpose
This study examines the diagnostic accuracy of brain perfusion SPECT for mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).

Patients and Methods
A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed according to PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO: CRD42023484636). Five databases were searched for studies evaluating brain perfusion SPECT in adult patients with mTBI (GCS 13–15). Study quality was assessed using a modified QUADAS-2 tool. A meta-analysis was performed to pool proportions of hypoperfusion abnormalities across brain lobes.

Results
Of 4735 records, 22 studies (5 longitudinal [40% high quality], 17 cross-sectional [24% high quality]) were included totaling 800 patients (mean age, 37.4 ± 12.6 years; 36.4% female). Meta-analysis of proportions indicated that the frontal lobe most frequently showed hypoperfusion on brain perfusion SPECT (pooled proportion 40.1% [95% confidence interval, 31.2% to 49.8%], 99/254, I
2 = 54.5%), followed by the temporal lobe (26.1% [95% confidence interval, 19.9% to 33.6%], 68/254, I
2 = 30.7%). Several studies found that hypoperfusion abnormalities were associated with neuropsychological findings. Also, brain perfusion SPECT could detect abnormalities not seen on MRI. Abnormalities in perfusion on brain perfusion SPECT may be more readily detected with a quantitative assessment compared with a visual assessment alone, although there appears to be no consensus on the optimal method for image interpretation. Evidence evaluating the sensitivity and specificity of brain perfusion SPECT for mTBI was limited. Using the GRADE framework, the evidence was rated as low.

Conclusions
Although perfusion abnormalities can be seen in patients with mTBI, commonly in the frontal and temporal lobes, the findings are nonspecific and may derive from various factors. Ultimately, brain perfusion SPECT provides additional information for mTBI, but the final added value for the detection of mTBI is unknown.
Pilot Feasibility Study
Authors: Rousseau Caroline , Metz Raphaël , Kerdraon Olivier , Ouldamer Lobna , Boiffard Florence , Renaudeau Karine , Ferrer Ludovic , Vercouillie Johnny , Doutriaux-Dumoulin Isabelle , Mouton Alexis , Le Thiec Maelle , Morel Agnès , Rusu Daniela , Santiago-Ribeiro Maria-Joao , Campion Loïc , Arlicot Nicolas , Kraeber-Bodéré Françoise 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages are targets of interest in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). The translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) is a sensitive marker for macrophages and holds potential relevance in TNBC stratification. This pilot prospective study (EITHICS, NCT04320030) aimed to assess the potential of TSPO PET/CT imaging using 18F-DPA-714 in primary TNBC, compared with immunohistochemistry, autoradiography, and TSPO polymorphism.

Patients and Methods
Thirteen TNBC patients were included. They underwent TSPO genotyping (HAB, MAB, LAB), 18F-FDG PET/CT, and breast MRI. Semiquantitative PET parameters were computed. VOIs were defined on the tumor lesion, healthy breast tissue, and pectoral muscle to obtain SUV, tumor-to-background ratio (TBR), and time-activity curves (TACs). Additionally, immunohistochemistry, 3H-DPA-714, and 3H-PK-11195 autoradiography were conducted.

Results
The majority of TNBC tumors (11/13, 84%) had a preponderance of M2-polarized macrophages with a median proportion of 82% (range, 44%–94%). 18F-DPA-714 PET/CT clearly identified TNBC tumors with an excellent TBR. Three distinct patterns of 18F-DPA-714 TACs were identified, categorized as “above muscular,” “equal to muscular,” and “below muscular” with reference to the muscular background. For the “above muscular” group (2 HAB and 2 MAB), “equal muscular” group (3 HAB, 3 MAB, and 1 LAB), and “below muscular” group (1 LAB and 1 MAB), tumor TACs showed a 18F-DPA-714 accumulation slope of 1.35, 0.62, and 0.22, respectively, and a median SUVmean of 4.02 (2.09–5.31), 1.66 (0.93–3.07), and 0.61 (0.43–1.02).

Conclusions
This study successfully demonstrated TNBC tumor targeting by 18F-DPA-714 with an excellent TBR, allowing to stratify 3 patterns of uptake potentially influenced by the TSPO polymorphism status. Further studies in larger populations should be performed to evaluate the prognostic value of this new biomarker.
Parasite prevalence is determined by infection state- and risk-dependent dispersal of the host
Authors: Baines Celina B. , Shaw Allison K. 
Published: June 2024

The spread of parasites and the emergence of disease are currently threatening global biodiversity and human welfare. To address this threat, we need to better understand those factors that determine parasite persistence and prevalence. It is known that dispersal is central to the spatial dynamics of host–parasite systems. Yet past studies have typically assumed that dispersal is a species-level constant, despite a growing body of empirical evidence that dispersal varies with ecological context, including the risk of infection and aspects of host state such as infection status (parasite-dependent dispersal; PDD). Here, we develop a metapopulation model to understand how different forms of PDD shape the prevalence of a directly transmitted parasite. We show that increasing host dispersal rate can increase, decrease or cause a non-monotonic change in regional parasite prevalence, depending on the type of PDD and characteristics of the host–parasite system (transmission rate, virulence, and dispersal mortality). This result contrasts with previous studies with parasite-independent dispersal which concluded that prevalence increases with host dispersal rate. We argue that accounting for host dispersal responses to parasites is necessary for a complete understanding of host–parasite dynamics and for predicting how parasite prevalence will respond to changes such as human alteration of landscape connectivity.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Diversity-dependence of dispersal: interspecific interactions determine spatial dynamics’.
The biotic and abiotic contexts of ecological selection mediate the dominance of distinct dispersal strategies in competitive metacommunities
Authors: Khattar Gabriel , Savary Paul , Peres-Neto Pedro R. 
Published: June 2024

While the influence of dispersal on ecological selection is the subject of intense research, we still lack a thorough understanding of how ecological selection operates to favour distinct dispersal strategies in metacommunities. To address this issue, we developed a model framework in which species with distinct quantitative dispersal traits that govern the three stages of dispersal—departure, movement and settlement—compete under different ecological contexts. The model identified three primary dispersal strategies (referred to as nomadic, homebody and habitat-sorting) that consistently dominated metacommunities owing to the interplay of spatiotemporal environmental variation and different types of competitive interactions. We outlined the key characteristics of each strategy and formulated theoretical predictions regarding the abiotic and biotic conditions under which each strategy is more likely to prevail in metacommunities. By presenting our results as relationships between dispersal traits and well-known ecological gradients (e.g. seasonality), we were able to contrast our theoretical findings with previous empirical research. Our model demonstrates how landscape environmental characteristics and competitive interactions at the intra- and interspecific levels can interact to favour distinct multivariate and context-dependent dispersal strategies in metacommunities.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Diversity-dependence of dispersal: interspecific interactions determine spatial dynamics’.