bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optic disc assessment using confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope in normal tension glaucoma with disc hemorrhage
Authors: LIM S 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To evaluate which optic disc parameters have a relationship with the presence and the location of disc hemorrhages in normal tension glaucoma (NTG)Methods This retrospective study included patients with early NTG with mean deviation with – 10 dB or better in 24‐2 Humphrey visual field analyzer. Eyes in the whole study group were divided into those with and without disc hemorrhage. Optic disc stereometric parameters measured using the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT) III were compared between each group with and without disc hemorrhage. Within the group with disc hemorrhage, the location of disc hemorrhage was analyzed. Sectoral disc parameters were compared between two common locations where disc hemorrhage developed.Results Forty‐three patients with disc hemorrhage and 46 patients without disc hemorrhage were included in this study. Mean deviation and pattern standard deviation showed no significant difference between two groups. There was no significant difference in global optic disc parameters of HRT between two groups. Disc hemorrhage was displayed mainly in inferotemporal (23 eyes, 53.5%) and in superotemporal (12 eyes, 27.9 %). Regarding to sectoral disc analysis of inferotemporal quadrant, the value of cup shape measure and cup disc area ratio was higher in the disc hemorrhage group compared to the group without disc hemorrhage (P=0.0013, P=0.013, repectively). The subset analysis of disc parameters within the disc hemorrhage group, showed that superotemporal maximum cup depth in eyes with superotemporal disc hemorrhage was greater compared to inferotemporal maximum cup depth in eyes with inferotemporal disc hemorrhage (P=0.017).Conclusion The change of optic disc parameters in early NTG patients with disc hemorrha
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GDx‐VCC vs GDx‐ECC in glaucoma diagnosis
Authors: MILANO G , LOMBARDO S , BORDIN M , BOSSOLESI L , RAIMONDI M , LANTERI S , ROSSI GCM 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To compare results provided by scanning laser polarimetry variable corneal compensation (VCC) vs enhanced corneal compensation (ECC) and evaluate correlation to visual field results in glaucoma patients.Methods Study included 339 eyes of 182 patients screened by the glaucoma unit of the University Eye Clinic of Pavia (Italy). Patients were submitted to complete ophthalmic examination, standard automated perimetry (SAP), scanning laser polarimetry with GDx‐VCC and GDx‐ECC. Quality image (Q), typical scan score (TSS), nerve fibers index (NFI), nerve fibers layer average thickness in a band around the optic nerve head (TSNIT average) and in the upper (TSNIT sup) and lower sector (TSNIT inf) were evaluated for each exam. Q, TSS and morphometric parameters provided by VCC and ECC were compared using Wilcoxon signed‐rank test and Lin correlation coefficient. Correlation between GDx and perimetric global indexes and was evaluated with Pearson correlation index “r”.Results 204 images out of 339 (60%) were of good quality (Q>7) with VCC and 325 out of 339 (96%) with ECC. 140 images out of 339 (41%) were atypical (TSS<80) with VCC but only 20 out of 339 with ECC (6%). ECC vs VCC constantly displays lower TSNIT thickness and higher NFI. All comparisons between ECC and VCC parameters showed statistically significant differences confirmed by a moderate to poor concordance between the two instruments. Structure/function correlation was better for ECC parameters and first of all for NFI.Conclusion ECC provides better quality images than VCC. High quality exam is the first condition to reproduce a more reliable RNFL structure. ECC points out lower RNFL thickness and higher NFI and reveal a better correlation to perimetric indexes MD and PSD as compared to VCC. GDx‐ECC could improve early glaucoma diagnosis.
Quality of life after treatment of uveal melanoma
Authors: DAMATO BE , HOPE‐STONE L , SALMON P 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose Uveal melanoma threatens the patient with metastatic death, visual handicap, loss of independence, financial hardship, and facial disfigurement. Ocular treatment is aimed not only at preventing metastatic death but also enhancing the patient's quality of life by conserving the eye and useful vision. The aim of this study was to measure quality of life after treatment of uveal melanoma and to correlate psychological well‐being with age, sex, prognosis, ocular outcomes, family support and other factors.Methods We measured functional well‐being, anxiety and depression in 511 patients treated for uveal melanoma in the previous five years and, using hierarchical linear regression analysis, we correlated the results with sociodemographic characteristics, baseline ocular features, tumour stage, ocular treatment, and post‐treatment ocular symptoms.Results Levels of function, depression and anxiety were similar to normative values. All outcomes were unrelated to visual acuity, tumour characteristics, whether or not the eye was preserved and the time since being treated. Women were more anxious than men, and older patients were more depressed than younger ones. Patients with good social support had consistently better outcomes than those with poor support.Patients with local recurrence at the time of completing questionnaires tended to be more anxious than others, but were not more impaired in depression or function. All PROMS were associated with ophthalmological symptoms. Patients with worse symptoms had poorer function and worse depression and anxiety.Conclusion Patients can be reassured that good psychological outcomes are normal, especially if there is good social support.
CNS abnormalities in retinoblastoma patients
Authors: HADJISTILIANOU D , DE FRANCESCO S , RENIERI A , MENCARELLI MA , MAROZZA A , DE LUCA M , MICHELI L , MENICACCI C , CERASE A , GALLUZZI P 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose The presence of CNS abnormalities on MR images in a large group of consecutive patients with retinoblastoma (RTB) is evaluated. Mental retardation and congenital brain anomalies are reported in patients with RTB, mostly in combination with 13q deletion syndrome. Pineoblastoma (PNB) is the most important and “life threatening” condition associated with hereditary RTB, but recent studies suggest an association with pineal cysts. This association is important because some PNB mimic pineal cystsMethods CNS MR images of 320 consecutive patients with RTB from 2000 to 2010 were evaluated by neuroradiologists for tumors, structural anomalies, myelinization, and coincidental findings. Clinical records were reviewed for laterality, heredity, and the presence of the 13q deletion syndrome.Results The hereditary group (patients with bilateral and unilateral proved RB1‐germline mutation) included 42 (48.2%) of 87 patients. Nine patients had 13q deletion syndrome. Normal findings on brain MR images were seen in 305 (95.3%) patients. One PNB was detected in a patient with hereditary RTB and 2 arachnoid cysts in 2 sporadic unilateral RTB patients; one cerebral and corpus callosum atrophy and 3 pineal cysts were also detected (2 non hereditary, 1 in 13q deletion syndrome). Corpus callosum agenesis was found in 3 patients (two in 13q deletion syndrome, 1 in hereditary RTB) and corpus callosum hypoplasia in 6 patients (2 twins, 4 sporadic RTB, 1 familial RTB). Chiari I syndrome was found in two casesConclusion PNB is associated with hereditary RTB, and structural brain abnormalities are associated not only with 13q deletion syndrome. Pineal cysts can be detected in patients with sporadic RTB and/or with 13q deletion syndrome.
Propranolol in the management of orbital and periocular pediatric hemangioma
Authors: MIDENA E , PARROZZANI R , DARIO A , MIGLIONICO G , BISOGNO G , FLORA GP 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To discuss the use of propranolol (and other β‐blockers) in the treatment of pediatric orbital and periocular capillary hemangiomas, and perform literature review.Methods Two babies (3 and 5 months) affected by orbital capillary haemangioma with cutaneous periocular involvement were treated by oral propranolol (2 mg/kg/day) as a sole treatment. Complete baseline local and systemic examination revealed no contraindication to treatment. A strict follow‐up protocol was performed to monitor tumor changes and any side effect. Follow‐up was longer than 12 months.Results Both patients had significant improvement with resolution of the orbital component and slower resolution of the cutaneous side. No local or general (mainly hypotension, hypoglycaemia and asthma) side effects of propranolol were observed.Conclusion Propranolol appears to be a safe and effective option in the management of infantile capillary haemangioma. The role of other β‐blockers, even topically applied, should be considered.
Puzzling case of choroidal tumor: paraganglioma or neuroendocrine carcinoma, diagnosis and treatment options
Authors: VAN GINDERDEUREN R , MISSOTTEN G , VAN DEN OORD J 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose A monophthalmic patient was referred with different choroidal tumors in his only left eye, for advise about the diagnosis and different treatment options.Methods In 2006 the right eye was enucleated for melanoma. In 2009 a skin melanoma on the head was resected, and in 2010 a neuroendocrine adenocarcinoma (NEAC) of the prostate was diagnosed with a liver metastasis of NEAC. Multiple metastatic lesions were detected by ct on liver, spine and abdomen without any complains. The different treatment options and correlations between these 4 tumors were investigatedResults After review of the 4 biopsies the final diagnosis was: 2 different tumors: a paraganglioma in the left eye with skin metastasis and NEAD in the prostate with hepatic metastasis. The tumors in the left eye are presumed to be metastases of one of the originals or a new location of one. Both type of tumors have common clinical and pathologic characteristics and a genetic predisposition is suggested. In most cases there is a favorable prognosis. The vision of the left eye was 7/10 with diffuse metamorphopsia, because of subretinal fluid around the tumors. The treatment options were discussed and external beam radiation to the left eye was performed to stabilize the tumors. He was in general good health, although multiple detected metastases on imagingConclusion This case shows a very rare paraganglioma in one eye in a patient with multiple NEAD and metastates in the other eye; this demonstrates the possible genetic link between both rare entities
S100 expression in normal and pathological sclerocorneal limbus
Authors: CALIENNO R , CURCIO C , LANZINI M , NUBILE M , COLASANTE M , MASTROPASQUA L 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose Several molecules have been proposed as corneal epithelial stem cell (SC) markers but none of them is able to identify SC in normal or pathological conditions.S100 proteins make up the largest subfamily of the EFhand Ca+binding protein family. The function of S100 is unknown but its expression was already known in pterigium and corneal epithelium in keratoconus.The aim of this study was to evaluate expression of S100 proteins as an early marker of SC deficiency.Methods The expression of S100 proteins was evaluated in four healthy sclerocorneal limbus and in five cases of pathological limbus due to severe inflammation: a case of corneal melting and perforation in advanced herpes simplex (HSV) disease, three cases of endophthalmitis and a case of fungal infection were analyzed. All samples were fixed in formalin,embedded in paraffin and stained by immunohistochemistryResults In normal limbus, S100 proteins were positive and in particular we observed no difference between different dimension crypts. No expression of S100 was detected in almost all pathological cases.Conclusion This result suggest that S100 proteins can be useful as marker of early pathological changes in SC niches.
CREB is involved in growth of pterygia
Authors: CURCIO C , CALIENNO R , LANZINI M , NUBILE M , MASTROPASQUA L 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose Pterygium represent a fibrovascular lesion of ocular surface with tumor‐like characteristics, such as proliferation and infiltration. Although the exact pathogenesis of pterygium is unknown, and controversy exists about cells origin and nature of initial tigger required for its development. In this study we investigated the role of the transcription factor cAMP response‐element binding protein (CREB) in pterygial and normal conjunctival tissues of humans.Methods Samples of primary (n=14) and recurrent (n=4) pterygia and normal bulbar conjunctivas (n=3), surgical removed, were analyzed in this study. Formalin‐fixed, paraffin embedded tissues were used for immunohistochemical staining with CREB, vimentin, ki67, survivin, MMP7, p63, cycin D1 or p53 antibody.Results Immunoreactivity for CREB was detected in primary and recurrent pterygia. CREB positivity was localized in the epithelial compartment of pterygia and it was absent in the stroma and normal conjunctiva. We observed a good correlation between CREB and other markers commonly overexpressed in pterygia (in particular vimentin, survivin and MMP7). An interesting aspect is the localization of CREB and ki67 positive cells, suggesting that the noxa pathogena have an effect on epithelial cells that express CREB and induce epithelial proliferation factors, followed by stromal growth.Conclusion These preliminary results point to the epithelial origin of pterygia. They also throw fresh light on CREB function and may be of assistance in the elaboration of new approaches to the treatment of pterygium.
Epiretinal membranes in a patient with Scheie's syndrome diagnosed using a high‐resolution SD‐OCT
Authors: STRATOS A , PATSEA E , XALKIADAKIS I , PARIKAKIS EA , STERGIOPOULOS G , PEPONIS V , MITROPOULOS P 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To report a case of a young woman with Mucopolysaccharidosis I‐S (Scheie's Syndrome) having bilateral epiretinal membranes (ERMs) which have been confirmed by the use of a high resolution spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (Spectralis SD‐OCT).Methods A 28 year‐old female, diagnosed with Scheie's Syndrome since 8 years old, was examined in our department. For the last 6 years she has been receiving weekly intravenous laronidase. In manifest refraction the patient achieved a visual acuity of 20/40 OD and 20/32 OS with a high hyperopic spherical equivalent correction (+7.50D, OU). Slit‐lamp anterior segment examination showed the presence of diffuse corneal haze in both eyes which obscured retinal view. During dilated fundus examination she complained of severe photophobia. An OCT examination using the Spectralis SD‐OCT (Heidelberg Engineering, Germany) was performed to evaluate the retinal pathology.Results The SD‐OCT examination revealed the presence of epiretinal membranes in both eyes without any signs of macular edema.Conclusion In patients with mucopolysacharidosis I the view of retinal abnormalities with the use of a slit‐lamp biomicroscope could be difficult due to corneal haze and severe photophobia. SD‐OCT examination is an alternative method to investigate the presence of epiretinal membranes or other retinal pathology in such cases.
Orbital involvement in multiple myeloma
Authors: FERNANDEZ‐PEREZ S , SATUE M , HERRERO LATORRE R , DE LA MATA G , IDOIPE M , GARCIA‐MARTIN E , PABLO L 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To present the case report of a patient with multiple myeloma who develops orbital infiltration in the left side due to the myeloma.Methods A 53‐year‐old male with the diagnosis of IgA‐kappa multiple myeloma 3 years ago, stage III B in the staging system of Durie and Salmon, who has increased the volume in the left upper eyelid region in recent months. On examination the patient had moderate ptosis without affecting the pupillary axis, exophthalmos of 22.5 mm, hypotropia in primary position of gaze and limitation of supraversion left eye. Radiological and histological findings confirmed the existence of orbital extension of multiple myeloma at the supero‐internal quadrant.Results The patient has received several lines of chemotherapy treatment and autologous bone marrow transplantation without systemic or orbital improvement. Because of its systemic poor condition has been rejected surgical treatment and radiotherapy to the orbital level.Conclusion Although orbital involvement is rare and there are few reports in the literature, a patient with multiple myeloma who presents proptosis and / or increased the orbital volume, we must consider orbital infiltration by myeloma however, definitive diagnosis is histological.
Atypical inflammatory myofibroblastic pseudotumor of the etmoidal sinus extending into the orbit
Authors: DE KEIZER RJW , LAUWERS N , DE GROOT V , CLAES J 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To report a case of an atypical inflammatory pseudotumor of the paranasal sinuses with bony invasion extending into the orbit .Methods Case‐report.Results A 71‐year old man presented with slowly progressive painless diplopia followed by unilateral proptosis of the left eye with a slight edema of the upper eyelid. Visual acuity was 0.4 with a relative afferent pupillary defect . Abduction and depression of the left eye were limited. Imaging showed an orbital tumor around the obliquus superior with lateral displacement, possible infiltration of the superior and medial rectus, involvement of fossa pterygopalatinum , sinus etmoidalis, sphenoidalis and maxillaris , intracranial extension through the fissura orbitalis superior, bone erosion and sclerotic bone reaction. Endoscopic ethmoïdal, maxillary and orbital biopsies discovered a inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor. Blood parameters showed eosinophily. ANCA and CRP were negative. Discussion: In the literature three cases of orbital myofibroblastic tumors have been described but never with bone invasion. Only a few sinus inflammatory pseudotumors with bony erosion have been reported. Central nervous system myofibroblastic tumors give a dura based mass‐formingan en plaque pattern. Two cases with orbital involvement have been described.Conclusion : This eroding sino‐orbital inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor is a new finding mimicking a malignant tumor.
Optic nerve head blood flow response to increase of arterial blood pressure in humans
Authors: LACHARME T , GEISER M , ALMANJOUMI A , KHAYI H , ARNOL N , ROMANET JP , CHIQUET C 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose Autoregulation in ocular tissues allows a constant blood flow despite variations in ocular perfusion pressure and may be impaired in ocular diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of increased blood pressure (BP) and ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) during isometric exercise on the optic nerve head blood flow (FONH).Methods In 21 healthy subjects, aged 18 to 40 years, BP was measured using a pneumatic transcutaneous sensor Nexfin™ and blood flow was measured using LDF. OPP was defined as (0.74 × mean BP) – intraocular pressure. Handgripping consisted of static contraction of the finger flexors at 30% of maximum contraction force using a hand dynamometer during two minutes.Results Data was analyzed in 15 healthy subjects, exhibiting a homogeneous response of BP to handgrip (linear regression of BP versus time, R> 0.8). A large increase in OPP during exercise up to 50% was not associated with a proportional increase in FONH, vascular resistance increased about 30%. The blood flow‐pressure relationship showed blood flow significantly increased by approximately 30%, mainly due to the rise of velocity.Conclusion This new data strongly supports the notion of autoregulation in ocular blood flow, protecting the eye from over‐perfusion. However the increase in OPP is not completely counterbalance despite the regular increase of vascular resistance. This blood flow regulation is possibly due to a vasoconstriction, taking place outside of the sampled volume, probably in the arterioles proximal to the capillary bed of the neuroretinal rim. In the future, real time measurements of vascular resistance during handgripping could be investigated in glaucoma patients.
Asymmetric color perception in the shopping aisle: some implications for merchandising
Authors: PINNA A , PUGLIATTI M , PORCHEDDU D 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To investigate the perception of colored items in the aisle of a virtual store and establish whether it may be affected by their position on shelves.Methods 50 apparently healthy, right‐handed university students, recruited on a voluntary basis, were included in this study. Inclusion criteria included: 1) visual acuity ≥ 20/20 in each eye; 2) normal color vision; 3) right‐handedness, assessed by the Edinburgh inventory; 4) no history of ophthalmic and/or neurological disorders. Each subject was asked to look at 3 series of 18 images each on a plasma screen; the images showed a virtual modern store aisle, as it would be seen by a customer standing at one end in a central position and looking straight ahead. On both sides, the virtual aisle had 5 shelves, each containing 39 items of the same size and shape. In each image, apart from one single colored item, all other items were gray. In each series, the colored item was always of the same color, namely blue, red or green. All colors were monochromatic and had the same level of saturation. To avoid perceptive bias, all the images shown were perfectly symmetrical to the vertical axis. For each image, subjects were asked to locate as quickly as possible the colored item. Correctness and response time of answers were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA.Results Statistical analysis showed that the coloured items were perceived significantly more accurately and rapidly when they were located on the left.Conclusion Results support the idea of an asymmetric perception of colored items in the shopping aisle, suggesting that item location on store shelves may have important implications for merchandising.
Innovative thiomer technology ‐ application to dry eye syndrome
Authors: SCHMETTERER L 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose Pre‐clinical and clinical studies were performed to study the safety and efficacy of a novel thiolated biopolymer, namely chitosan‐N‐acetylcysteine,. The mechanism of action is based on the interaction between thiol groups of the topically applied chitosan‐N‐acetylcysteine and cysteine‐rich mucin (MUC5AC). The hypothesis that this increases polymer residence time on the ocular surface and provides tear film stability was tested.Methods The efficacy of isotonic and buffered chitosan‐N‐acetylcysteine eye drops was studied in two different mouse models of dry eye disease. The dosage dependent ocular residence time and biodistribution were investigated in a rabbit model using microPET technology. Long‐term irritation and delayed‐type hypersensitivity tests with chitosan‐N‐acteylcysteine eye drop formulation were conducted in rabbits. Three phase one studies in healthy volunteers were performed to find an optimal dose and to test the safety of the formulation in humans.Results In mice treated with chitosan‐N‐acetylcysteine decreased expression of ocular surface mRNA of IL‐β, IL‐10, IL‐12α, and TNF was observed, indicating that the formulation decreases surface inflammation in models of dry eye. The residence time of chitosan‐N‐acetylcysteine eye drops on the ocular surface of rabbits was as high as 22h. Results of a long‐term ocular irritation study in rabbits demonstrate that chitosan‐N‐acetylcysteine was well tolerated and non‐irritant to the eye. In the phase I studies in healthy humans, safety and tolerability was demonstrated.Conclusion Safety and efficacy of chitosan‐N‐acetylcysteine was shown in different animal models. The long residence time of the polymer at the ocular surface makes it an attractive treatment approach for dry eye disease. Since the phase one studies showed a favourable safety profile in healthy subjects a phase two trial is planned in the near future.