bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Seeding Rate and Row Spacing on Establishment and Yield of Crested Wheatgrass1
Authors: McGinnies William J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSeeding rate affected stand establishment and survival, and row spacing influenced seedstalk height, herbage yield and protein content of crested wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum (Fisch. ex Link) Schult.) on range seedings in northern Colorado. In rows seeded in the spring of 1960, 1961, and 1962 at 33, 66, and 98 seeds/m, number of seedlings per m of row increased with seeding rate, but the percentage of seeds producing seedlings generally declined with increasing rate. Stand survival in 1967 (when the study was terminated) was significantly better at the 98‐seed rate than at the 33‐seed/m rate. Herbage yields averaged highest for row spacings of 30 and 46 cm; intermediate at spacings of 15 and 61 cm; and lowest for the 76‐cm spacing. However, yields varied widely among row spacings due to year of seeding, weather conditions and age of stand. Seedstalk height increased as row spacing became wider. Row spacing did not affect protein content of the 1963 harvest, but in 1964 the percent crude protein declined as row spacing increased.
Leaf Analysis as a Selection Index for Soybean Seed Oil and Protein1
Authors: Hymowitz T. , Walker W. M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractLeaf and seed samples were obtained from 46 lines of soybeans in four maturity groups in 1969 to determine the correlation between selected elements in the leaf with oil and protein of the seed. Leaf samples were chemically analyzed by standard procedures for their N, P, K, Ca, Mg, B, Cu, Ye, Mn, Zn, and Na content. The N content of seed was determined by standard Kjeldahl methods and their oil content was measured with an NMR Process Analyzer. Simple correlations were computed between leaf components, maturity date, oil, and protein.Significant correlations were found between leaf components and maturity date, and leaf components and oil or protein content of the seed. Partial correlation coefficients were determined after accounting for variability due to maturity date. A statistically significant negative association between leaf Zn and protein content of the seed was found. It was concluded that selection of germ plasm based on correlations between leaf components and oil or protein would also be selection of germ plasm based on correlation with date of maturity. After accounting for variability due to date of maturity, chemical composition of the soybean leaf was a relatively poor predictor of future oil or protein content of the seed.
Evaluation of Bird Resistant Grain Sorghum in Ohio1
Authors: Niehaus Merle H. , Schmidt Waller H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTwenty different bird‐resistant grain sorghum hybrids were tested in Ohio in areas where birds consistently reduce corn yields. Very little bird damage was observed and yield data indicate that these hybrids are potential substitutes for corn in areas of Ohio where corn yields are severely reduced by bird depredation.
Planting Date and Growing Season Effects and Interactions on Growth and Yield of Maize
Authors: Genter C. F. , Jones G. D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTwo maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids were planted on three dates from April 20 to May 24 each over an 8‐year period in Northern Virginia. All plots were harvested each year when the later hybrid in the latest planting had reached maturity. Data were obtained on yield of grain, days to silk, moisture in the grain at harvest, plant and ear height, and lodging. Significant planting date ✕ year interactions were found for yield, plant height, shank length, root lodging, and stalk lodging. The dominant factor affecting these traits was the rainfall amount and distribution as it related to the silking dates in the different plantings.There was very little difference in average yield between dates of planting, but the planting date ✕ year interaction was highly significant. Both the latest and the earliest planting dates were superior to the other two in different years. Plant height and shank length increased at successive planting dates in years of favorable rainfall, but both decreased at successive planting dates in years of severe late June‐July droughts. Ear height increased at each successive date of planting. Significant differences in root and stalk lodging occurred only in one year when, during a severe August storm, the early planting stalk lodged and the late planting root lodged most severely. Silking was delayed approximately ½ day for each day's delay in planting.
Germination of Stored Sugarcane Cuttings1
Authors: Broadhead Dempsey M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThree‐bud cuttings from three varieties of sugarcane (Saccharum sp.) stored at 10 ± 2C for 3, 6, 9, and 12 months showed a highly significant variety ✕ storage interaction for bud germination. C. P. 36‐111 buds decreased in germination from 96% after 3 months to 79% after 6 months of storage but did not change significantly during the remaining time in storage. C. P. 52‐48 and C. P. 67‐500 decreased in germination with time in storage. At 12 months 8% of the C. P. 52‐48 buds were alive, but no buds of C. P. 67‐500 were alive at 9 months storage.
Yield of Grain Legumes as Affected by Irrigation and Fertilizer Regimes1
Authors: Horner G. M. , Mojtehedi M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChickpeas, cowpeas, and dry beans were grown under different soil moisture levels with split plot treatments of no fertilizer, N, P, and NP. Irrigations were given when 1/3, 2/3, and approximately all of the available water in the root zone was depleted. These moisture stresses were applied during different stages of plant growth.High moisture stress reduced grain yields 18 to 26% below the maximum values. This yield depression was most pronounced when the moisture stress occurred during bloom and early maturity. Yields for the medium and high moisture levels were statistically equal. Response to phosphorus fertilization varied with the field sites. Where phosphorus resulted in sizeable yield increases, high soil moisture increased the response to phosphorus and vice versa. The effect of nitrogen fertilization was not significant.
Variability in Optimum N Rates for Corn1
Authors: Engelstad O. P. , Parks W. L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA study of corn (Zea mays L.) yield responses to N fertilizer was conducted to determine the variability in economically optimum rates over time. These responses were obtained at two locations in Tennessee covering the period 1962 to 1966. In each experiment, nine replicates of N response were available for each year.The results of this analysis showed relatively little season‐to‐season variation in optimum rates. The data also showed the average optimum rates of N to be fairly close to those for maximum yields at current prices of N.The study also showed that a fairly wide range in choice of N rate is possible without seriously affecting profit. This might be regarded as the “relevant range” of N application and one of more meaning to farmers than specific rates. Research should show where these ranges are for various crop‐soil combinations.
Influence of Peanut Seed Quality and Variety on Susceptibility to Herbicides1
Authors: Cargill Roland L. , Santelmann P. W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractGreenhouse and field studies were conducted using various procedures to reduce seed quality in order to determine if peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) seed quality influenced the susceptibility of young peanut seedlings to herbicide injury. Plants from small seeds were more susceptible to injury from herbicides than from larger seeds. Plants that developed from seeds without a seedcoat, or from one‐half a seed with and without a seedcoat, were also more susceptible to herbicide injury than plants from visibly sound seed. Whenever there was mechanical abuse of the germ end or the side of the seed, the plants showed greater susceptibility to herbicide injury. The Dixie Spanish variety was slightly more susceptible to herbicide injury than five other varieties.
Microwatersheds and Ground Color for Sugarbeet Production1
Authors: Fairbourn Merle L. , Kemper W. D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSugarbeets were produced without irrigation on microwatersheds. Treatments for the experiment included both waterproofed and non‐waterproofed microwatersheds in combinations with black, white, and bare soil surfaces. Yields were quite consistent on waterproofed microwatersheds. Sugar yield was 30% greater with white surfaces than with black surfaces. Soil temperature seems to be the main factor influencing this yield difference in sugarbeets. The microwatershed system can be used to produce sugarbeets if demand for sugar justifies.
Yield and Nitrogen Content of Wheat and Sorghum Treated with Different Rates of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Herbicides1
Authors: Tweedy J. A. , Kern A. D. , Kapusta G. , Millis D. E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractStudies were conducted during 1968 and 1969 at Belleville, Illinois, to determine the effects of simazine (2‐chloro‐4,6‐bis (ethylamino)‐s‐triazine), atrazine (2‐chloro‐4‐ethylamino‐6‐isopropylamino‐s‐triazine), and N level on production of grain and crude protein in wheat (Triticum aestivum (L.) and grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). In 1968, 1.12 kg/ha simazine increased the grain yield and crude protein content in sorghum grain when the plants were under N stress. In 1969, the N stress was less pronounced and neither simazine nor atrazine increased grain yield or total crude protein in wheat or sorghum. Simazine increased the percentage crude protein in leaf samples from the sorghum plants fertilized with three N levels in 1969.The application of 112 and 224 kg/ha of N to grain sorghum in 1969 increased the grain yield by 25 and 22%, respectively, and increased the total protein content of the grain by 49 and 52%, respectively, over the control plots not fertilized with N.
Influence of Sampling Frequency on the Precision of Estimating Accumulated Solar Radiation1
Authors: Holt D. A. , Youngberg H. W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractInstantaueous solar radiation intensity measurements were recorded at various time intervals. These were numerically integrated over individual days and the accumulation estimates thus obtained were compared to daily totals read from an integrating device operating continuously on the same Eppley pyranometer. Precision of daily accumulated radiation estimates decreased as time interval between intensity measurements increased. In the entire sample of 100 days, the standard deviations of differences between integrator values and calculated estimates increased about 0.5 Langley per additional minute in interval between measurments. Precision loss with increase in time interval was greater on variable days than on consistent days and about the same on bright and dull days. Precision was greater and decreased less with time interval on dull, consistent days than on dull, variable days and on bright, consistent rather than bright, variable days.
Effects of Bottom Defoliation on Microclimate and the Reduction of Boll Rot of Cotton1
Authors: Ranney C. D. , Hursh J. S. , Newton O. H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn 1963 and 1964, increases in boll rot of cotton were associated with short periods (5 to 7 days) of rainfall and, to a lesser extent the drying period following rainfall. Microclimate changes within the plant canopy associated with these periods indicate that increased duration of relative humidity at a level of 95% or higher, increased duration of free moisture, and reduced intensity of light, all favor boll rot development. Bottom defoliation reduced boll rot loss and modified the microclimate resulting in shorter duration of 95% or higher relative humidity; it increased light intensity in the lower plant zone, and possibly increased ventilation following periods of rainfall. Instrumentation used for microclimate measurements are described; and construction details of a simple mechanical psychrometer and a light intensity sensor‐recorder are presented.
Soil Temperature and Residue Effects on Growth Components and Nutrient Uptake of Four Wheat Varieties1
Authors: Whitfield C. J. , Smika D. E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWheat (Triticum aestivum L.) spring varieties ‘Lee’ and ‘Crim’ and winter varieties ‘Wichita’ and ‘Lancer’ were grown in the greenhouse to study the effects of three soil temperatures, 7, 13, and 18C, with and without straw mulch, on yield components and plant nutrient uptake. The presence of straw mulch depressed most growth components of the spring wheat varieties Lee and Crim but differences were seldom significant. With the winter wheats number of tillers of Wichita, number of heads of Lancer and root weights of both varieties were lower, but not significantly so, with surface residue. Growth of all varieties tended to be poorest at 7C with the effect of straw mulch most pronounced at that temperature. Most growth components of each variety grew best at 18C where the depressive effect of straw mulch was frequently overcome; however, winter wheats had more heads and head weights were highest at 13C. Uptake of essential elements by plant parts was significantly influenced by temperature, but residue had no effect on plant uptake in tops and only limited effect on uptake in crowns and roots.
Seedbed Preparation, Intertillage Operations and Chemical Weed Control for Sugarcane Growth and Quality
Authors: Agrawal J. P. , Jain N. K. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjectives were to determine the optimum number of cultivations in preparing the seedbed of sugarcane (Saccharum interspecific hybrid, cultivar ‘CoS 510’) and to find out whether any deficiency in initial cultivation can be made up by more intensive post‐planting tillage or other weed control measures.Two cultivations with a “country” plow after a soil inversion plow were sufficient for seedbed preparation of sugarcane under optimum moisture conditions in a sandy loam alluvium soil of the Indogangetic plains. More cultivations increased proximate growth, but the effect slowly waned and was not reflected in the final economic characters at harvest. Effect of post‐planting treatments on growth, yield, and juice quality of sugarcane was proportionate to their effectiveness in weed control. Deep hand hoeing was the most effective post‐planting operation, closely followed by simazine spray and sugarcane trash mulch. The latter conserved soil moisture and could economize on irrigation during the premonsoon period. Spraying with 2, 4‐D and scraping off weeds between rows of sugarcane with a bladed wheel hoe had very little effect. There was no interaction between number of cultivations in seedbed preparation and post‐planting treatments.
Response of Corn to Small Amounts of Fertilizer Placed with the Seed: IV. Comparison of Dry and Liquid Forms1
Authors: Baweja A. S. , Bates T. E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPowdered and granular fertilizers containing 13.3, 23.1, and 11.0% N, P, and K, respectively, were prepared along with water solutions of the same material containing 10.5 and 4.4% P. These fertilizers were banded with the seed of corn (Zea mays L.) in greenhouse trials in which respiration rate, axis length, emergence, dry matter yield, and N, P, and K content were measured. No differences in nutrient availability were found between liquid and dry fertilizers studied. Granular and powdered materials were equal in toxicity. They were more toxic to corn seedlings, as measured by axis length, emergence, or dry matter yields, than the less concentrated liquid materials applied at rates providing the same total quantities of plant nutrients. Use of dilute (low‐analysis) fertilizers is probably not a practical way of reducing toxicity because of the amount of dilution required.
Control of Volunteer Oat in Alfalfa1
Authors: Kust C. A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSimazine, atrazine and terbacil were applied to alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) stands, established with oat (Avena sativa L.) as a companion crop, after the oat was harvested at maturity. Herbicides were applied before the germination of volunteer oat or after both oat and alfalfa had made substantial growth. Excellent control of volunteer oat, without significant alfalfa injury, was obtained with all three herbicides. Control generally was better if the herbicides were applied in September rather than in August. Root carbohydrate reserves of alfalfa may have provided some physiological protection against herbicide injury.
Nonuniform Distribution of Fertilizer and Its Effect on Corn Yields1
Authors: Langdale G. W. , Myhre D. L. , Miller R. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNonuniform distribution of a homogeneous mixed fertilizer was evaluated at six nonuniform levels with a modified split plot design on a Plinthic Paleudult soil during 1961 and 1962. Observed and calculated yield losses resulting from ≤ 50% nonuniform band fertilization are presented.Fertilizer variations greater than 40% were required to obtain significant (P ≤ .05) experimental yield losses. Standard partial regression coefficients and plant tissue nutrient contents suggest that nonuniform distribution of N provided a primary influence on yield loss rather than P or K. Concomitant losses of N in leaf tissue and grain yields due to nonuniform distribution were related. Crop yield losses resulting from expected fertilizer variation becomes more serious when related to uniform‐profit maximizing conditions.
Nitrate‐nitrogen Accumulation under Bromegrass Sod Fertilized Annually at Six Levels of Nitrogen for Fifteen Years1
Authors: Larson K. L. , Carter J. F. , Vasey E. H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAn old bromegrass sod established prior to 1929 and fertilized annually since 1954 with nitrogen at rates from 0 to 298 kg/ha responded with increased forage, protein, and seed yields. Nitrate‐N content of the soil profile after 15 years of fertilization was analyzed using an Orion 401 specific ion meter with a NO3‐N electrode to determine the possible pollution of ground water with nitrates attributable to increased nitrogen fertilization. Nitrate‐N content was similar below 106.7 cm to a selected depth of 137 cm during late April and of 152 cm during late June and August in 1969 under each of six fertility treatments. Highest concentration of NO3‐N was found in the soil profile from 15.2 to 61.0 cm in depth. Results suggest apparent lack of NO3‐N movement and accumulation in fine‐textured soils under northern climatic conditions even under high rates of continuous nitrogen fertilization.
Effect of Gypsum and Drought Stress on Maize (Zea mays L.). I. Growth, Light Absorption and Yield1
Authors: Downey Lloyd A 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAn experiment was designed to study the effect of gypsum and drought stress on growth, water status and yield with maize (Zea mays L.). Water status was assessed under field conditions by measurements of relative turgidity (RT) at noon. No stress was defined as RT greater than 90% — drought stress as RT less than 90%. A nostress crop was compared with a crop drought stressed for a period of 20 days during male meiosis and with a crop drought stressed during grain filling (after pollination to maturity). These treatments were set out in a randomised block design with a further comparison between the untreated sodic clay soil (control) and the same soil treated with gypsum.Gypsum and no‐stress conditions stimulated tiller production so that the final effective plant densities were above optimum. The no‐stress treatments produced large amounts of dry matter but this was channelled into sterile tillers rather than into grain. Drought stress during male meiosis stunted growth, stunted tassel development, reduced chlorophyll content and light absorption (during the period of stress) but, overall, was not very detrimental to grain yield. Drought stress during grain filling reduced grain yield by 50%; grain weight was reduced and a very high proportion of photosynthate went into sterile tillers.
Effect of Sulfur Fertilization of Forage Species on Yield, Chemical Composition, and In vitro Rumen Microbial Activity of Sheep1
Authors: Lancaster D. L. , Jones M. B. , Oh J. H. , Ruckman J. E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThree grasses, (Dactylis glomerata L.), (Lolium multiflorum L.), and (Sorghum vulgare var. sudanese L.), and two legumes, (Trifolium repens L.) and (Medicago sativa L.), were grown in pots on S‐deficient soil fertilized with varying levels of S. In vitro rumen microbial activity as affected by these forages was measured in terms of total gas production using an anaerobic manometric technique. The rumen microbial activity in the grasses increased with increasing S, whereas it decreased with increasing S in the legumes. The microbial activity was inversely related to the level of protein in the plants and directly related to soluble carbohydrates.
Effect of Seedbed Configuration and Cotton Bur Mulch on Lint Cotton Yield, Soil Water, and Water Use1
Authors: Koshi Paul T. , Fryrear Donald W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBetter management techniques and planting schemes are needed for the dryland agriculture of the Southern High Plains of the U.S. To test various possibilities cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) was grown on three seedbed configurations (flat, ridge, and furrow) with four mulch rates (0.0, 5.6, 11.2, and 22.4 tons/ha of cotton bur mulch). Soil water was measured to a depth of 300 cm by the neutron method.Preseason soil water storage (mid‐January to mid‐June) was highest for the 22.4 tons/ha mulch and least for no mulch. Precipitation storage efficiencies were 46, 68, and 80% from 34.0 cm of precipitation in 1968 and 36, 47, and 66% from 33.4 cm of precipitation in 1969 for the 0.0, 11.2, and 22.4 tons/ha mulch rates, respectively.The furrow plots had the highest accretion, and ridge plots, the least in 1968. During the 1969 season, accretion was highest in the furrow and similar in the flat and ridge plots.The 1968 soil water accretion and depletion showed the same relationship and similar quantities for the three mulch rates and seedbed configurations. Because of excessive precipitation at the end of the 1969 growing season, less depletion than accretion occurred from the two higher mulch rates.In 1967 cotton yields were similar in the 0.0 and 5.6 mulch subplots but were less than on the 11.2 and 22.4 tons/ha mulch subplots. In 1968 and 1969 yields were similar for the 11.2 and 22.4 subplots, but were significantly more than either the 0.0 or 5.6 tons/ha mulch subplots. More cotton was produced as a result of 5.6 tons/ha mulch than no mulch in 1968 and 1969 after two and three successive annual applications of mulch.
Simultaneous Measurements of Solution Absorption, Transpiration, Relative Plant Water Content and Growth1
Authors: Harris Donald G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractInstrumentation is described for the frequent and simultaneous measurement of solution absorption and relative green weight of large individual plants from which transpiration, relative plant water content, and plant growth are calculated. The method is sensitive, nondestructive, and most useful when used in connection with an automatic digital data acquisition system. The system is ideal for monitoring the dynamics of the water status of a large living plant. Measurements made on cotton plants are presented.Relative plant water content (RPWC), defined as the ratio of relative plant green weight at time of interest to that just prior to lights‐on, corrected for accumulated CO2 assimilation, was found to be a good measure of plant water status. Resolution of RPWC is at least 10 times better than leaf density measurements made with beta‐gauging techniques. The measurement is instantaneous and can be repeated as often as desired.