bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ontogeny in the visual system of Nile tilapia
Authors: Sabbah Shai , Hui Jonathan , Hauser Frances E. , Nelson William A. , Hawryshyn Craig W. 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYRetinal neurogenesis in fish facilitates cellular rearrangement throughout ontogeny, potentially allowing for optimization of the visual system to shifts in habitat and behaviour. To test this possibility, we studied the developmental trajectory of the photopic visual process in the Nile tilapia. We examined ontogenetic changes in lens transmission, photoreceptor sensitivity and post-receptoral sensitivity, and used these to estimate changes in cone pigment frequency and retinal circuitry. We observed an ontogenetic decrease in ultraviolet (UV) photoreceptor sensitivity, which resulted from a reduction in the SWS1 cone pigment frequency, and was associated with a reduction in lens transmission at UV wavelengths. Additionally, post-receptoral sensitivity to both UV and long wavelengths decreased with age, probably reflecting changes in photoreceptor sensitivity and retinal circuitry. This novel remodelling of retinal circuitry occurred following maturation of the visual system but prior to reaching adulthood, and thus may facilitate optimization of the visual system to the changing sensory demands. Interestingly, the changes in post-receptoral sensitivity to long wavelengths could not be predicted by the changes observed in lens transmission, cone pigment frequency or photoreceptor sensitivity. This finding emphasizes the importance of considering knowledge of visual sensitivity and retinal processing when studying visual adaptations and attempting to relate visual function to the natural environment. This study advances our understanding of ontogeny in visual systems and demonstrates that the association between different elements of the visual process can be explored effectively by examining visual function throughout ontogeny.
Circulating nitric oxide metabolites and cardiovascular changes in the turtleTrachemys scriptaduring normoxia, anoxia and reoxygenation
Authors: Jacobsen Søren B. , Hansen Marie N. , Jensen Frank B. , Skovgaard Nini , Wang Tobias , Fago Angela 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYTurtles of the genus Trachemys show a remarkable ability to survive prolonged anoxia. This is achieved by a strong metabolic depression, redistribution of blood flow and high levels of antioxidant defence. To understand whether nitric oxide (NO), a major regulator of vasodilatation and oxygen consumption, may be involved in the adaptive response of Trachemys to anoxia, we measured NO metabolites (nitrite, S-nitroso, Fe-nitrosyl and N-nitroso compounds) in the plasma and red blood cells of venous and arterial blood of Trachemys scripta turtles during normoxia and after anoxia (3 h) and reoxygenation (30 min) at 21°C, while monitoring blood oxygen content and circulatory parameters. Anoxia caused complete blood oxygen depletion, decrease in heart rate and arterial pressure, and increase in venous pressure, which may enhance heart filling and improve cardiac contractility. Nitrite was present at high, micromolar levels in normoxic blood, as in some other anoxia-tolerant species, without significant arterial–venous differences. Normoxic levels of erythrocyte S-nitroso compounds were within the range found for other vertebrates, despite very high measured thiol content. Fe-nitrosyl and N-nitroso compounds were present at high micromolar levels under normoxia and increased further after anoxia and reoxygenation, suggesting NO generation from nitrite catalysed by deoxygenated haemoglobin, which in turtle had a higher nitrite reductase activity than in hypoxia-intolerant species. Taken together, these data indicate constitutively high circulating levels of NO metabolites and significant increases in blood NO after anoxia and reoxygenation that may contribute to the complex physiological response in the extreme anoxia tolerance of Trachemys turtles.
Experience, corpulence and decision making in ant foraging
Authors: Robinson Elva J. H. , Feinerman Ofer , Franks Nigel R. 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARY
Social groups are structured by the decisions of their members. Social insects typically divide labour: some decide to stay in the nest while others forage for the colony. Two sources of information individuals may use when deciding whether to forage are their own experience of recent task performance and their own physiology, e.g. fat reserves (corpulence). The former is primarily personal information; the latter may give an indication of the food reserves of the whole colony. These factors are hard to separate because typically leaner individuals are also more experienced foragers. We designed an experiment to determine whether foraging specialisation is physiological or experience based (or both). We invented a system of automatic doors controlled by radio-tag information to manipulate task access and decouple these two sources of information. Our results show that when information from corpulence and recent experience conflict, ants behave only in accordance with their corpulence. However, among ants physiologically inclined to forage (less corpulent ants), recent experience of success positively influenced their propensity to forage again. Hence, foraging is organised via long-term physiological differences among individuals resulting in a relatively stable response threshold distribution, with fine-tuning provided by short-term learning processes. Through these simple rules, colonies can organise their foraging effort both robustly and flexibly.
Genetic knockdown of a single organic anion transporter alters the expression of functionally related genes in Malpighian tubules ofDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Chahine Sarah , Campos Ana , O'Donnell Michael J. 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYInsects excrete a wide variety of toxins via the Malpighian (renal) tubules. Previous studies have implicated three transporters in the secretion of the organic anion (OA) methotrexate (MTX) by the Drosophila Malpighian tubule: Drosophila multidrug resistance-associated protein (dMRP, CG6214), a multidrug efflux transporter (MET, CG30344), and an organic anion transporting polypeptide 58Dc (OATP58Dc, CG3380). RNA interference (RNAi) knockdown and P-element insertion mutation of single OA transporter genes were used to evaluate the importance of these three putative transporters in the secretion of MTX by the Malpighian tubules of Drosophila melanogaster. A major finding is that genetic knockdown of a single OA transporter gene leads to reductions in the expression of at least one other OA transporter gene and in secretion of MTX by Malpighian tubules isolated from flies reared on a standard diet. The pattern of changes indicates that decreases in MTX secretion do not correspond to decreases in dMRP expression in all of the RNAi lines. Genetic knockdown of a single OA transporter gene also alters the extent of upregulation of multiple OA transporter genes in the tubules in response to dietary MTX. Knockdown of dMRP is associated with a decrease in MET expression but an increase in OATP expression when flies are reared on MTX-enriched diet. Our results indicate that dMRP and MET are not the dominant MTX transporters in the tubules when flies are reared on MTX-enriched diets. At least one additional transporter, and possibly OATP, are required for MTX secretion. The implications of our results for studies using genetic knockdown techniques to identify OA transporters in whole tissues such as Malpighian tubules are discussed.
RNA Degradation inSaccharomyces cerevisae
Authors: Parker Roy 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAll RNA species in yeast cells are subject to turnover. Work over the past 20 years has defined degradation mechanisms for messenger RNAs, transfer RNAs, ribosomal RNAs, and noncoding RNAs. In addition, numerous quality control mechanisms that target aberrant RNAs have been identified. Generally, each decay mechanism contains factors that funnel RNA substrates to abundant exo- and/or endonucleases. Key issues for future work include determining the mechanisms that control the specificity of RNA degradation and how RNA degradation processes interact with translation, RNA transport, and other cellular processes.
Characteristics of stable a-Si:H Schottoky cells fabricated by suppressing cluster deposition
Authors: Shiratani Masaharu , Hatozaki Kosuke , Hashimoto Yuji , Kim Yeonwon , Seo Hyunwoong , Kamataki Kunihiro , Uchida Giichiro , Itagaki Naho , Koga Kazunori 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTWe have developed a cluster-eliminating filter which reduces amount of amorphous silicon nanoparticles (clusters) incorporated into a-Si:H films. We have applied the filter to fabricate a-Si:H Schottky solar cells. The cells show a high initial fill factor FF=0.563 and a high stabilized value after light soaking FF=0.552 which light-induced degradation was quite low value of 1.95 %.
A Review of Standardized Developmental Assessment Instruments for Young Children and Their Applicability for Children With Special Needs
Authors: Visser Linda , Ruiter Selma A. J. , Meulen Bieuwe F. van der , Ruijssenaars Wied A. J. J. M. , Timmerman Marieke E. 
Published: July 2012

This article provides a review of contemporary instruments for the developmental assessment of children aged 0–4 years and their applicability for children with special needs. The issues involved in the developmental assessment of children with special needs are discussed, and, on the basis of these issues, various instruments are then evaluated.Method:A literature search was carried out for articles about or using standardized developmental assessment instruments for children aged 0–4 years.Results:Eighteen instruments were found, of which 2 were nonverbal and 2 were designed for motor-impaired children. The instruments varied in terms of their suitability for children with special needs.Conclusion:The range of instruments is limited, especially for children younger than 2 years of age. Instruments for children with motor or hearing/language impairments are available, but their psychometric properties need to be researched and improved. For children with a visual impairment, no appropriate instrument is currently available.
Competition between particles and dissolved organic matter for trace metal binding in unpolluted soil solutions: Monitoring and thermodynamic approaches
Authors: Pelfrene Aurélie , Gassama Nathalie 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
In this study, monitoring and thermodynamic approaches were combined in order to identify the dominant features, which control the speciation of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in solutions from unpolluted planosolic soil (North Massif Central, France). Three sites were selected according to topography and monitored from January to May 2006 using piezometers. The sandy-loam to clay-loam organic-rich horizon (horizon A) and the gravely and concretion-rich horizon (horizon E) were chosen to assess the potential impact of type of horizon on the chemical speciation of metals in the soil solutions. Binding of metals to organic ligands was studied by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) in order to acquire experimental data which could be used for the validation of speciation models. These data, together with data from the literature on properties of natural particulate matter, were used to determine the speciation of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn with a thermodynamic code (PHREEQC). The observed and predicted speciation were compared to estimate the contributions of natural dissolved organic matter and of particles to the binding of metal ions. There was a good match between observed and predicted results, validating the approach used. Results show that particles (mixed iron and aluminium oxides ± clays ± organic matter) play the main role in the speciation of the trace metals in soil waters rather than complexation with dissolved organic matter. Moreover, particles govern speciation to a greater extent in horizon E than in horizon A, which can be linked to hydrodynamics (reaction time between water and soil due to porosity) and chemical reactivity of the solution circulating.
Tectono-sedimentary model for the evolution of the Silves Group (Triassic, Lusitanian basin, Portugal)
Authors: Soares António Ferreira , Kullberg José Carlos , Marques Júlio Fonseca , da Rocha Rogério Bordalo , Callapez Pedro Miguel 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAt the beginning of the Alpine cycle, the breakup of Pangea lead to the early stages of the North Atlantic opening. In the western Iberian sector of the European margin, the Lusitanian basin starts to evolve bordered eastwards by inherited reliefs from the late episodes of the Variscan orogeny. The base unit, the Silves Group, considered not earlier than the Carnian, is mainly siliciclastic and predominantly formed by arcosarenites to feldspar litarenites, coarse to very coarse-grained (wackes) and pebbly, where the sediment architecture denotes organizations in continental (Conraria, Penela and Castelo Viegas Formations) environments. A first marine episode (Isocyprina Beds of Pereiros Fm.) marks a significant change within the sedimentary record; the uppermost part corresponds to intertidal transitional environments (sabkha). New and detailed field work of sedimentological and structural nature that has been carried out in recent exposures from the type-region of Coimbra-Penela enabled us to make significant observations and to improve data collection. This allowed a full reinterpretation of the paleotectonic and paleogeographical conditions under which the Silves Group and, consequently, the eastern border of the Lusitanian basin, evolved. This study carried out in the type-region also allowed a better understanding of its sequential organization. All units are unconformity bounded by strong influxes of coarse siliciclastics from the Iberian meseta. One of those unconformities (D2b) is an angular unconformity with cartographic expression. Tectonic reconstructions were possible to make after a detailed structural analysis of normal synsedimentary faults. Regional comparisons with Eastern Iberian basins that evolved since Permian times are also discussed. We conclude that the lower red siliciclastic units are older than has been considered until now. Those units were formed in a previous tensional stress pattern of tardi-Variscan affinities, related to megashear dextral kinematics of Permian-Triassic age. We propose that units below D2b unconformity can record a Proto-Lusitanian basin; the Lusitanian basin is younger and evolved mainly after the Triassic-Jurassic limit (Castelo Viegas Fm.) within an E-W extensional context related to Atlantic type basins.
Integrated electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and self-potential (SP) techniques for assessing hydrological processes within glacial lake moraine dams
Authors: Thompson Sarah , Kulessa Bernd , Luckman Adrian 
Published: July 2012

AbstractMoraine dams can be inherently unstable, but effective assessment strategies remain poorly identified. We integrate electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) with electrical self-potential (SP) and lake-level measurements to investigate the structure of, and hydrological processes within, a moraine-dam complex adjacent to Miage glacier, Italy. This complex separates two meltwater lakes characterized by an efficient subterranean hydraulic connection. Our ERT data reveal a continuous free surface within the complex, whose morphology reflects the topography of the moraine complex akin to unconfined groundwater aquifers. SP data were corrected for spatial changes in the thickness of the upper unsaturated layer using principles of electrography. The residual streaming-potential map is consistent with Darcian flow of lake waters through the moraine complex, characterized by a negative-to-positive potential change from <-30 mV to >+70 mV. These electrical signatures are consistent with those generated by water seepage through earth dams in various non-glacial settings. Integrated electrical geophysical methods thus provided an inexpensive and unobtrusive evaluation of the hydrological properties of and processes within the moraine complex. Since spatio-temporal patterns of subsurface water flow critically affect the strengths of moraine sediments, such methods promise to be powerful in assessing the long-term stability of moraine-dammed glacial lakes.
Sr-Nd isotope evidence for modern aeolian dust sources in mountain glaciers of western China
Authors: Xu Jianzhong , Yu Guangming , Kang Shichang , Hou Shugui , Zhang Qianggong , Ren Jiawen , Qin Dahe 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn order to apportion the dust sources of mountain glaciers in western China, the Sr-Nd isotopic compositions of insoluble particles were determined in snow samples collected from 13 sites. The combined plot of87Sr/86Sr and εNd(0) demonstrates a distinctive geographic pattern over western China, which can be classified into three regions from north to south. Samples from the Altai mountains show the lowest87Sr/86Sr ratio and the highest εNd(0) value, similar to the data of deserts in the north of China such as the Gurbantunggut desert. Samples from the southern Tibetan Plateau (TP) and Himalaya show the highest87Sr/86Sr and lowest εNd(0) values, resembling the local and regional dust sources found in the southern TP and Himalaya-India region. Samples from the Tien Shan and northern Tibetan Plateau exhibit intermediate87Sr/86Sr and εNd(0) values, similar to the data reported for the northern margin of the TP (NM_TP). However, three sampling sites, JMYZ (Jiemayangzong) located in the Himalaya and ZD (Zadang) and YL (Yulong) located in the southeast TP, presented distinctive Sr-Nd isotopic signatures typical of the NM_TP, suggesting potential long-range and high-altitude dust transport across the TP.
Environmental History of Botanical Exchanges in the Indian Ocean World
Authors: Rangan Haripriya , Carney Judith , Denham Tim 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Much of the environmental history literature on plant transfers has centred on European agency and on the effects on both Old and New Worlds colonised and inhabited by European powers over the past five centuries. The emphasis on European agency obscures, or diverts attention from, prehistoric botanical exchanges, i.e., plants transferred by human agency from one region to another thousands of years ago. While these exchanges may not have constituted 'ecological imperialism' the plants transferred nevertheless had significant impacts on the landscapes and societies they entered and in which they became established. This paper focuses on food crop exchanges in the Indian Ocean World. It draws on recent interdisciplinary research in archaeobotany and palaeoclimatic studies to illustrate the plant transfers that took place between eastern Africa, southern Asia and mainland and Island Southeast Asia between 2500 BCE and 100 CE and to explore how these arrivals may have transformed host societies and environments.
Exhibiting Environmental History: The Challenge of Representing Nation
Authors: Walliss Jillian 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Some environmental scholars argue that environmental history makes sense on a regional or global scale but rarely on a national one. This essay explores this claim in the context of two national museums: the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa (1998) and the National Museum of Australia (2001). It explores how the imperative to be representative of the nation influenced the opening-day displays of environmental history. I argue that a national framing produced two significant challenges. At the National Museum of Australia, the 'Tangled Destinies' exhibition not only struggled with the impossible scope of presenting a nation that encompasses an entire continent but also the reconciliation of the temporal disparities of deep time, indigenous and non-indigenous histories. Conversely at Te Papa, a disjuncture between a national landscape identity predicated on purity and the scientific reality of rapid and extensive environmental modification post-settlement, was influential in the decision to omit the environmental history display from the opening-day programme.
Balade avec Virginia Woolf : Vivre ou la conscience de l'illusoire
Authors: Ben Bachir Nourredine 
Published: July 2012

L’auteur, à partir de certains effets éprouvés résultant de sa lecture de Virginia Woolf, et notamment de la « Promenade au phare », tisse une réflexion entre le texte lu et « l’écriture des séances d’analyse ». À partir d’une fascination première et inquiétante liée à la rencontre de l’œuvre de Virginia Woolf, il tente d’élaborer ce saisissement caractérisé par une suspension de la temporalité et un surinvestissement de l’éphémère renvoyant à une fascination pour la perte d’objet. Ceci le conduit à revisiter le texte de Freud « Éphémère destinée » où Freud s’attache à décrire la dévalorisation de l’objet, réputé périssable, comme forme anticipée du deuil. « La Promenade au Phare », nous ouvre à la célébration de la vie, chaque mot traque l’émergence des choses et des êtres avant de sembler se retourner vers la fascination de ce qui se perd, toute naissance étant alors vécue comme l’actualisation d’une perte. C’est le paradoxe de cette œuvre de nous tenir au seuil de l’enchantement, jetant le matériel qui pourrait être utile à la construction ou à l’accès de souvenirs, à la construction de l’objet « en nostalgie », mais manquant celles-ci dans une attraction mélancolique vers un objet impossible à perdre, souvent lui-même mélancolique ou porteur de failles narcissiques. L’écrivain se montre alors ambivalent vis-à-vis du langage lui-même, précisément parce qu’il menace de détacher de l’objet. L’auteur repère des éléments similaires chez des patients engagés dans une forme de compulsion à dire et à écrire, célébrant les choses, s’accrochant aux mots, dissimulant des points traumatiques dans une associativité pouvant en imposer pour une perlaboration en cours. L’auteur aborde alors les formes que peut prendre le travail analytique pour construire l’objet en nostalgie, et ce faisant, la temporalité et de nouveaux espaces d’investissements.
L'impact du savoir théorique dans la confrontation à la littérature : enjeux pour le lecteur analyste
Authors: Popova Yulia 
Published: July 2012

L’auteur s’appuie sur ses lectures des textes du poète russe V. Khlebnikov pour interroger les différentes façons dont le psychanalyste se sert de la théorie dans ses approches de la littérature. En nous permettant de « jouir de l’œuvre », la théorie peut également nous mettre à l’abri de cette jouissance et nourrir des résistances. Elle peut cependant devenir une création, une forme d’écriture dans laquelle s’engage le psychanalyste par son être du sujet.
Inconscient et Surréel, ou « le monde tangent au réel » (A. Artaud)
Authors: Geblesco Nicole 
Published: July 2012

Si Breton découvre avec enthousiasme les thèses freudiennes (1916), c’est dans les écrits des docteurs Régis et Hesnard. Sa conception de l’inconscient diffère de celle de Freud dont l’œuvre ne sera traduite en français qu’une dizaine d’années plus tard. D’où un malentendu entre le poète et le savant dont témoignent tant les visites du premier au second en 1921 que les lettres de Freud à Breton à la réception des Vases communicants en 1932. Ni Breton ni Freud, pourtant, n’en resteront là ! Comment et dans quelle mesure leur réflexion propre rapprochera surréalisme et psychanalyse, c’est ce que ces pages s’attachent à mieux cerner.
Le surréalisme scientifique de Gaston Bachelard
Authors: de Mijolla-Mellor Sophie 
Published: July 2012

Bien que les chemins de Freud et de Bachelard ne se soient rencontrés historiquement que partiellement, la non congruence de leurs théories est cependant à entendre non comme une opposition de principes mais comme une divergence dans les objectifs. Le surréalisme, la psychanalyse, la phénoménologie, participent de ce que Bachelard lui-même a nommé une « rupture épistémologique » dans la relation à la réalité et en cela avaient bien vocation à se rejoindre.