bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First Report of Gray Mold Caused by Botrytis cinerea on Yellow Cosmos (Bidens sulphurea) in Brazil
Authors: Guatimosim E. , Fuga C. A. G. , Pinto H. J. , Barreto R. W. 
Published: October 2011

Bidens sulphurea (synonym Cosmos sulphureus) (Asteraceae), commonly known as yellow cosmos, is a native herbaceous species from Mexico that is widely used as an ornamental. It has been introduced in Brazil and has escaped from gardens, becoming a minor weed in ruderal, crop and pasture areas (2). In June 2010, groups of B. sulphurea individuals were found in a garden at the locality of Piúna, municipality of Viçosa (state of Minas Gerais, Brazil), that were severely attacked by gray mold. The disease led to flower rot with dieback of infected peduncles and stems. Plant tissues became brown to grayish brown and were covered by extensive fungal sporulation; in addition, seeds were colonized and destroyed by the fungus. A hyphomycete was regularly found associated with the diseased flowers, which was readily recognized as having a morphology typical of Botrytis cinerea: conidiophores solitary, cylindrical, terminally branched, 15 to 20 μm wide, grayish to olivaceous gray, and smooth; conidiogenous cells polyblastic, subcylindrical to ampulliform, and 120 to 230 × (13-) 14 to 16 (-19) μm; conidia ellipsoid to obovoid, 8 to 12 × 6.5 to 8 (-9) μm, with a discrete hilum at the base, 1 to 2 μm, aseptate, and hyaline. The fungus was isolated in pure culture and inoculation of one isolate on healthy B. suphurea individuals was carried out with a 2.14 × 106 conidia/ml suspension, which was sprayed to runoff onto three plants bearing four to six inflorescences. All plants were left in a moist chamber for 48 h and later transferred to a bench in a greenhouse at 21 ± 3°C. Gray mold symptoms appeared after 10 days that led to rapid and complete necrosis of flowers and peduncles. Infection first appeared on the flowers but progressed downward, leading to top dieback and finally plant death (not seen in the field). Only Botrytis cinerea was obtained in isolations from diseased flowers, demonstrating the pathogenicity of the fungus. A representative sample was deposited in the UFV herbarium (VIC 31602). The only other record of Botrytis cinerea causing gray mold of B. sulphurea is from China (1,3). To our knowledge, this is the first record of Botrytis cinerea causing gray mold on B. sulphurea in Brazil. References: (1) D. F. Farr and A. Y. Rossman. Fungal Databases. Systematic Botany and Mycology Laboratory, ARS, UDSA. Retrieved from http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/ , 2011. (2) H. Lorenzi and H. M. Souza. Plantas Ornamentais no Brasil. Plantarum, Nova Odessa, Brazil. 1995. (3) Z. Zhang. Flora Fungorum Sinicorum. Vol. 26. Botrytis, Ramularia. Science Press, Beijing, China. 2006.
A Critical Role of STAYGREEN/Mendel’s I Locus in Controlling Disease Symptom Development during Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato Infection of Arabidopsis
Authors: Mecey Christy , Hauck Paula , Trapp Marisa , Pumplin Nathan , Plovanich Anne , Yao Jian , He Sheng Yang 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Production of disease symptoms represents the final phase of infectious diseases and is a main cause of crop loss and/or marketability. However, little is known about the molecular basis of disease symptom development. In this study, a genetic screening was conducted to identify Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants that are impaired specifically in the development of disease symptoms (leaf chlorosis and/or necrosis) after infection with the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato (Pst) DC3000. An ethyl methanesulfonate-induced Arabidopsis mutant (no chlorosis1 [noc1]) was identified. In wild-type plants, the abundance of chlorophylls decreased markedly after Pst DC3000 infection, whereas the total amount of chlorophylls remained relatively unchanged in the noc1 mutant. Interestingly, noc1 mutant plants also exhibited reduced disease symptoms in response to the fungal pathogen Alternaria brassicicola. Genetic and molecular analyses showed that the nuclear gene STAYGREEN (SGR; or Mendel’s I locus) is mutated (resulting in the aspartic acid to tyrosine substitution at amino acid position 88) in noc1 plants. Transforming wild-type SGR cDNA into the noc1 mutant rescued the chlorosis phenotype in response to Pst DC3000 infection. The SGR transcript was highly induced by Pst DC3000, A. brassicicola, or coronatine (COR), a bacterial phytotoxin that promotes chlorosis. The induction of SGR expression by COR is dependent on COI1, a principal component of the jasmonate receptor complex. These results suggest that pathogen/COR-induced expression of SGR is a critical step underlying the development of plant disease chlorosis.
Metabolic theory, life history and the distribution of a terrestrial ectotherm
Authors: Kearney Michael 
Published: October 2011

Summary1. Life histories, population dynamics and geographic range limits are fundamentally constrained by the way organisms acquire and allocate energy and matter. Metabolic theories provide general, parameter‐sparse frameworks for understanding these constraints. However, they require the accurate estimation of body temperature which can be especially challenging in terrestrial environments.2. Here, I integrate a metabolic theory (Dynamic Energy Budget theory, DEB) with a biophysical model for inferring field body temperatures and activity periods of terrestrial ectotherms and apply it to study life‐history variation and geographic range limits in a widespread North American lizard, Sceloporus undulatus.3. The model successfully predicted trait co‐variation (size at maturity, maximum size, reproductive output and length‐mass allometry) through changes in a single parameter. It also predicted seasonal and geographic variation in field growth rates, age at first reproduction, reproductive output and geographic range limits (via rmax estimates), all as a function of spatial climatic data. Although variation in age at maturity was mostly explained by climate, variation in annual reproduction was largely a product of local body size.4. Dynamic Energy Budget metabolic theory is concluded to be a powerful and general means to mechanistically integrate the dynamics of growth and reproduction into niche models of ectotherms.
Phenotypic differentiation in a common garden reflects the phylogeography of a widespread Alpine plant
Authors: Frei Eva S. , Scheepens J. F. , Armbruster Georg F. J. , Stöcklin Jürg 
Published: October 2011

Summary1. Glacial history has affected the phylogeographic structure of numerous Alpine plant species, but its impact on phenotypic differentiation has been little studied. Therefore, we asked whether phenotypic differentiation in a common garden reflects the phylogeographic structure of the widespread Alpine plant Geum reptans L.2. We combined a molecular investigation with a common garden experiment and investigated genets from 16 populations of G. reptans sampled from the European Alps. Using neutral molecular markers (RAPDs) and Bayesian cluster analysis, we analysed the species’ genetic differentiation and phylogeographic structure. In the common garden, we measured the differentiation of phenotypic traits related to growth, reproduction and leaf morphology.3. Molecular analysis partitioned the populations into three genetic groups, indicating pronounced phylogeographic structure. Regional molecular variation was correlated with regional phenotypic differentiation.4. Quantitative trait differentiation (QST) differed from neutral molecular differentiation (GST) in 10 of 11 traits, indicating that selection has contributed to phenotypic differentiation. Significant negative correlations between biomass and precipitation records for site of origin are a further indication of adaptation.5. Synthesis. The current study compared regional molecular variation and phenotypic differentiation among populations of a widespread species in the context of extreme range changes during glaciations in the Alps. Because the common garden phenotypic differentiation of G. reptans reflects its phylogeographic structure, we conclude that glacial history affected both genotypes and phenotypes. The results suggest that the present‐day phenotypic differentiation was caused by genetic drift and limited gene flow between populations in glacial refugia and during post‐glacial recolonization, as well as by adaptation to current climatic conditions. Our findings are relevant for understanding the adaptive potential of Alpine plants and predicting potential range shifts in response to future climate change.
Glomerular filtration rate and parathyroid hormone are associated with 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D in men without chronic kidney disease
Authors: Karhapää P. , Pihlajamäki J. , Pörsti I. , Kastarinen M. , Mustonen J. , Niemelä O. , Tuomi H. , Kuusisto J. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract.  Karhapää P, Pihlajamäki J, Pörsti I, Kastarinen M, Mustonen J, Niemelä O, Tuomi H, Kuusisto J (University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; University of Tampere, Tampere; Finnish Medical Agency, Kuopio; and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland). Glomerular filtration rate and parathyroid hormone are associated with 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D in men without chronic kidney disease. J Intern Med 2012; 271: 573–580.Background and aim.  Vitamin D, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) are related to cardiovascular disease risk. We examined the associations between the levels of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25‐D) and 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25‐D) and both eGFR and PTH.Design and setting.  Cross‐sectional population‐based study in Kuopio, Eastern Finland.Subjects.  A total of 909 men without known chronic kidney disease (CKD) and not receiving antidiabetic medication, aged from 45 to 73 years, were included in the study.Main outcome measures.  Fasting levels of 25‐D, 1,25‐D, creatinine and PTH were measured, and an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed.Results.  High levels of 25‐D were associated with low levels of eGFR and PTH (β = −0.17, P = 9 × 10−7 and β = −0.28, P = 6 × 10−17, respectively, adjusted for age, body mass index and levels of calcium, phosphorus and glucose in a 2‐h OGTT, and also for either eGFR or PTH). By contrast, high 1,25‐D levels were associated with high levels of eGFR and PTH (β = 0.17, P = 2 × 10−6 and β = 0.19, P = 5 × 10−8, respectively, adjusted as mentioned earlier and additionally for 25‐D). Eighteen per cent of men in the highest 25‐D quartile were in the lowest 1,25‐D quartile and also had a lower eGFR than men with high levels of both 25‐D and 1,25‐D (P = 4 × 10−5). Finally, 15% of men in the lowest 25‐D quartile were in the highest 1,25‐D quartile and also had higher PTH levels than men with low levels of both 25‐D and 1,25‐D (P = 2 × 10−3).Conclusion.  Our findings suggest that both eGFR and PTH are significantly associated with vitamin D metabolism in men without known CKD.
Genomics and integrated systems biology in Plasmodium falciparum: a path to malaria control and eradication
Authors: LE ROCH K. G. , CHUNG D.‐W. D. , PONTS N. 
Published: October 2011

SummaryThe first draft of the human malaria parasite’s genome was released in 2002. Since then, the malaria scientific community has witnessed a steady embrace of new and powerful functional genomic studies. Over the years, these approaches have slowly revolutionized malaria research and enabled the comprehensive, unbiased investigation of various aspects of the parasite’s biology. These genome‐wide analyses delivered a refined annotation of the parasite’s genome, delivered a better knowledge of its RNA, proteins and metabolite derivatives, and fostered the discovery of new vaccine and drug targets. Despite the positive impacts of these genomic studies, most research and investment still focus on protein targets, drugs and vaccine candidates that were known before the publication of the parasite genome sequence. However, recent access to next‐generation sequencing technologies, along with an increased number of genome‐wide applications, is expanding the impact of the parasite genome on biomedical research, contributing to a paradigm shift in research activities that may possibly lead to new optimized diagnosis and treatments. This review provides an update of Plasmodium falciparum genome sequences and an overview of the rapid development of genomics and system biology applications that have an immense potential of creating powerful tools for a successful malaria eradication campaign.
T and B Cell Deficiency Associated with Yellow Nail Syndrome
Authors: Gupta S. , Samra D. , Yel L. , Agrawal S. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractYellow nail syndrome (YNS) is a rare disorder of unknown aetiology that is characterized by yellow nails associated with lymphoedema and chronic respiratory manifestations. There are no detailed immunological studies in YNS. In this study, we present first extensive immunological analysis of both adaptive and innate immunity in two patients with YNS. One patient has common variable immunodeficiency, whereas second patient has specific antibody deficiency syndrome. Severe lymphopaenia, a striking deficiency of naïve CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and total B cells, and increased transitional B cells were observed. T cell proliferative response to mitogens and antigens was significantly reduced in both patients. Both patients failed to make specific antibody response to pneumococci. Complement, natural killer cell activity and neutrophil oxidative burst were normal. Immunoglobulin administration resulted in decreased frequency and severity of infections, and an impressive effect was observed on lymphoedema and on the recurrence of pleural effusion. Our data show that YNS is associated with both T and B cell defects. Furthermore, Immunoglobulin may be beneficial in clinical manifestations of lymphoedema.
Smaller right amygdala in Caucasian alcohol‐dependent male patients with a history of intimate partner violence: a volumetric imaging study
Authors: Zhang Lishu , Kerich Mike , Schwandt Melanie L. , Rawlings Robert R. , McKellar Joshua D. , Momenan Reza , Hommer Daniel W. , George David T. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTStudies have shown that various brain structure abnormalities are associated with chronic alcohol abuse and impulsive aggression. However, few imaging studies have focused on violent individuals with a diagnosis of alcohol dependence. The present study used volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to compare the volumes of different structural components of prefrontal cortex and six subcortical structures in perpetrators of intimate partner violence with alcohol dependence (IPV‐ADs), non‐violent alcohol‐dependent patients (non‐violent ADs) and healthy controls (HCs). Caucasian men (n = 54), ages 24–55, who had participated in National Institutes of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism treatment programs, were grouped together as IPV‐ADs (n = 27), non‐violent ADs (n = 14) and HCs (n = 13). The MRI scan was performed at least 3 weeks from the participant's last alcohol use. T1‐weighted images were used to measure the volumes of intracranial space, gray and white matter, orbitofrontal cortex, medial prefrontal cortex, lateral prefrontal cortex, and six subcortical structures. Results revealed that IPV‐ADs, compared with non‐violent ADs and HCs, had a significant volume reduction in the right amygdala. No significant volumetric difference was found in other structures. This finding suggests that structural deficits in the right amygdala may underlie impulsive types of aggression often seen in alcohol‐dependent patients with a history of IPV. It adds to a growing literature suggesting that there are fundamental differences between alcohol‐dependent patients with and without IPV.
Hashemite Antiquity and Modernity: Iconography in Neoliberal Jordan
Authors: Corbett Elena 
Published: October 2011

AbstractOwing to a range of economic policies and internal and external political relations, King Abdullah II of Jordan has a charisma problem. The ongoing political upheaval in the country began with his dissolution of Parliament in late 2009, in the absence of which he and his ministers promulgated a series of Temporary Laws to push policies that Parliament would not abide. Since then, there has been an election, an array of sackings and reshufflings of various officials, and promises of reform, all in an attempt to mitigate this personal charisma deficit and control the growing and increasingly vehement mobilisation against unpopular policies. Since the king assumed the throne in 1999, visual cues, including giant flags, slogans, ad campaigns, and images of the monarch have been deployed to the same end. This article discusses a different kind of visual cue, Amman's public park known as the King Hussein Gardens, and specifically its component known as the Historical Passageway. The Passageway is a nearly half‐kilometre long monument adding – for the first time – a comprehensive view of Jordan's archaeological past to its modern history. In doing so, novel nuances are meant to become part of a complex national narrative that the Hashemite monarchs have developed and tweaked since the days of the Mandate.
Male inbreeding status affects female fitness in a seed‐feeding beetle
Authors: FOX C. W. , XU J. , WALLIN W. G. , CURTIS C. L. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractInbreeding generally reduces male mating activity such that inbred males are less successful in male–male competition. Inbred males can also have smaller accessory glands, transfer less sperm and produce sperm that are less motile, less viable or have a greater frequency of abnormalities, all of which can reduce the fertilization success and fitness of inbred males relative to outbred males. However, few studies have examined how male inbreeding status affects the fitness of females with whom they mate. In this study, we examine the effect of male inbreeding status (inbreeding coefficient f = 0.25 vs. f = 0) on the fecundity, adult longevity and the fate of eggs produced by outbred females in the seed‐feeding beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus. Females mated to inbred males were less likely to lay eggs. Of those that laid eggs, females mated to inbred males laid 6–12% fewer eggs. Females mated to inbred males lived on average 5.4% longer than did females mated to outbred males, but this effect disappeared when lifetime fecundity was used as a covariate in the analysis. There was no effect of male inbreeding status on the proportion of a female’s eggs that developed or hatched, and no evidence that inbred males produced smaller nuptial gifts. However, ejaculates of inbred males contained 17–33% fewer sperm, on average, than did ejaculates of outbred males. Our study demonstrates that mating with inbred males has significant direct consequences for the fitness of female C. maculatus, likely mediated by effects of inbreeding status on the number of sperm in male ejaculates. Direct effects of male inbreeding status on female fitness should be more widely considered in theoretical models and empirical studies of mate choice.
Effect of the administration of young leaves of Quercus pyrenaica on rumen fermentation in relation to oak tannin toxicosis in cattle
Authors: Doce R. R. , Belenguer A. , Toral P. G. , Hervás G. , Frutos P. 
Published: October 2011

SummaryThree experiments were conducted to study the effect of the administration of young leaves of Quercus pyrenaica (OL) on in vivo ruminal fermentation in relation to oak tannin toxicosis in cattle. In Experiment 1, six bulls were fed up to 5 kg fresh matter (FM) of OL per animal and day for 14 days. In Experiment 2, another six bulls were first subjected to severe feed restriction for 8 days and then fed a higher amount of OL (approximately 10 kg FM daily) for 3 days. In Experiment 3, three bulls received the same amount of OL as in Experiment 1 for 6 days, but adding a severe feed restriction as in Experiment 2. In situ DM disappearance of grass hay and OL, and pH and ammonia and volatile fatty acid concentrations were recorded throughout the three assays. Daily administration of up to 5 kg OL did not considerably affect ruminal fermentation, unless it was preceded by a severe feed restriction period. Administration of 10 kg OL preceded by undernutrition triggered a critical reduction in rumen fermentation activity concomitantly with an acute intoxication. Interestingly, some results differ from those observed previously in vitro, which highlights the importance of validating in vitro data with in vivo measurements, given the complexity of extrapolation in ruminants.
Regulation of growth factors‐associated cell migration by C‐phycocyanin scaffold in dermal wound healing
Authors: Madhyastha Harishkumar , Madhyastha Radha , Nakajima Yuichi , Omura Sayuri , Maruyama Masugi 
Published: October 2011

Summary1. The present study examined the role of C‐phycocyanin (C‐pc) in relation to growth factors and cell migration during wound healing.2. Histological and biochemical studies showed that C‐pc scaffold significantly (P < 0.01) increased hydroxyl proline, total hexamine and protein content, and decreased uronic acid content in the wound tissues during a time course study in newly formed skin.3. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction array of mouse growth factors in wound tissue showed overexpression (up to 10‐fold) of growth factors, such as Cxcl12, Fgf18, Lefty 1, Lefty 2, Rabep 1 and Zip91, and downregulation (up to −10‐fold) of Amh, Bmp 7 and Nodal genes in a 6‐day period in C‐pc treated groups. Also, Csf 3, Fgf 22, Mdk, Igf 2, transforming growth factor (TGF)‐α 1 and interleukin (IL)‐1β showed an upregulation of more than 30‐fold than the control groups. TGF‐β subfamily cytokine growth factors, such as Bmp 2, 4 and 8b, and other growth factors, such as Cxcl 1, showed the highest activity on day 3, showing a transient type of regulation. Western blot analysis showed a positive correlation between gene activity and protein expressions of Bmp 8b, Bmp4, Bmp2 and Cxcl 1. Day 6 in the C‐pc group showed the highest csf3 and IL‐1β expression.4. C‐pc had no direct effect on keratinocyte migration. However, keratinocytes that were co‐cultured with fibroblasts showed a significantly higher rate of migration in the presence of C‐pc, showing an indirect effect of C‐pc on keratinocyte migration.5. In conclusion, biodegradable C‐pc scaffold might help to serve as an alternate scaffold material for wound healing.