bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluoro‐Sorafenib (Regorafenib) effects on hepatoma cells: Growth inhibition, quiescence, and recovery
Authors: Carr Brian I. , Cavallini Aldo , Lippolis Catia , D'Alessandro Rosalba , Messa Caterina , Refolo Maria G. , Tafaro Angela 
Published: July 2012

AbstractTo evaluate the growth‐inhibitory properties of the potent multi‐kinase antagonist Regorafenib (Fluoro‐Sorafenib), which was synthesized as a more potent Sorafenib, a Raf inhibitor and to determine whether similar mechanisms were involved, human hepatoma cell lines were grown in the presence or absence of Regorafanib and examined for growth inhibition. Western blots were performed for Raf targets, apoptosis, and autophagy. Regorafenib inhibited growth of human Hep3B, PLC/PRF/5, and HepG2 cells in a concentration‐ and time‐dependent manner. Multiple signaling pathways were altered, including MAP kinases phospho‐ERK and phospho‐JNK and its target phospho‐c‐Jun. There was evidence for apoptosis by FACS, cleavage of caspases and increased Bax levels; as well as induction of autophagy, as judged by increased Beclin‐1 and LC3 (II) levels. Prolonged drug exposure resulted in cell quiescence. Full growth recovery occurred after drug removal, unlike with doxorubicin chemotherapy. Regorafenib is a potent inhibitor of cell growth. Cells surviving Regorafenib treatment remain viable, but quiescent and capable of regrowth following drug removal. The reversibility of tumor cell growth suppression after drug removal may have clinical implications. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 292–297, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Analysis of 30 synthetic cannabinoids in serum by liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry after liquid‐liquid extraction
Authors: Kneisel Stefan , Auwärter Volker 
Published: July 2012

The analysis of synthetic cannabinoids in human matrices is of particular importance in the fields of forensic and clinical toxicology since cannabis users partly shift to the consumption of ‘herbal mixtures’ as a legal alternative to cannabis products in order to circumvent drug testing. However, comprehensive methods covering the majority of synthetic cannabinoids already identified on the drug market are still lacking.In this article, we present a fully validated method for the analysis of 30 synthetic cannabinoids in human serum utilizing liquid‐liquid extraction and liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. The method proved to be suitable for the quantification of 27 substances. The limits of detection ranged from 0.01 to 2.0 ng/mL, whereas the lower limits of quantification were in the range from 0.1 to 2.0 ng/mL. The presented method was successfully applied to 833 authentic serum samples during routine analysis between August 2011 and January 2012. A total of 227 (27%) samples was tested positive for at least one of the following synthetic cannabinoids: JWH‐018, JWH‐019, JWH‐073, JWH‐081, JWH‐122, JWH‐200, JWH‐203, JWH‐210, JWH‐307, AM‐2201 and RCS‐4. The most prevalent compounds in positive samples were JWH‐210 (80%), JWH‐122 (63%) as well as AM‐2201 (29%). Median serum concentrations were all below 1.0 ng/mL. These findings demonstrate a significant shift of the market of synthetic cannabinoids towards substances featuring a higher CB1 binding affinity and clearly emphasize that the analysis of synthetic cannabinoids in serum or blood samples requires highly sensitive analytical methods covering a wide spectrum of substances. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Seasonal prediction of the Indian summer monsoon rainfall using canonical correlation analysis of the NCMRWF global model products
Authors: Sinha P. , Mohanty U. C. , Kar S. C. , Dash S. K. , Robertson A. W. , Tippett M. K. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTIn this study, canonical correlation analysis (CCA) has been used to statistically downscale the seasonal predictions of the Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) from a global spectral model. An extensive diagnostic study of the global model products and observed data for the period 1981–2008 indicates that while the predictions of rainfall anomalies have poor skill, the mean flow patterns are brought out reasonably well by the model. The model precipitation is found to be more strongly dependent on sea surface temperature over the Nino regions in the Pacific Ocean. However, the observed precipitation has a stronger links to winds at 850 hPa near the Somali coast than is evident in the model. On the basis of correlation maps, potential model predictors (specific humidity and zonal and meridional winds over different regions at different levels) are chosen for CCA for the prediction of ISMR. Using leave‐three‐out cross‐validation technique, canonical coefficients are computed using 25 years data (as training period) for CCA model. With this, predictions from the CCA model have also been prepared for the period of 1981–2005 to evaluate the performance. In addition to the above, predictions are made for four independent years (2006–2009). An improvement in skill of the composite forecasts (obtained using all the predictors) in terms of interannual variability is noticed over some parts of east‐ and northeast India as well as many parts of peninsular region especially over west coast of India. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Admittance tympanometry with 2‐kHz probe tones in patients with low‐frequency hearing loss
Authors: Yasui Takuya , Iwasaki Shinichi , Sugasawa Keiko , Sakamoto Takashi , Kashio Akinori , Suzuki Mitsuya , Kakigi Akinobu , Yamasoba Tatsuya 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To assess the reliability of admittance tympanometry with 2‐kHz probe tones in diagnosing ears with endolymphatic hydrops in patients with low‐frequency hearing loss.Study Design:Case–control study.Methods:Thirty‐six Japanese patients with low‐frequency hearing loss (including 21 with Mènière disease, three with delayed endolymphatic hydrops, and 12 with acute or repetitious low‐frequency sensorineural hearing loss), 18 patients with other types of hearing loss, and 16 subjects with normal hearing were enrolled at University of Tokyo Hospital. We measured the width of the splitting peaks in the admittance tymapnometry with 2‐kHz probe tones.Results:Widths of the probe pressure corresponding to splitting peaks of admittance (Y) tympanometry were significantly greater in the ears with endolymphatic hydrops than in the ears without endolymphatic hydrops in patients with low‐frequency hearing loss. Furthermore, the widths in the ears with endolymphatic hydrops were greater than those in ears with other types of hearing loss. Widths of >255 daPa were observed in 38% of ears with endolymphatic hydrops and low‐frequency hearing loss and in 21% of ears with other types of hearing loss.Conclusions:The current study demonstrated that wide splitting peaks of Y tympanometry are more frequently observed in ears showing low‐frequency hearing loss than in those with other types of hearing loss, indicating that Y tympanometry can be used to diagnose endolymphatic hydrops in daily practice. Laryngoscope, 2012
Physiotherapy Provision Following Discharge after Total Hip and Total Knee Replacement: A Survey of Current Practice at High‐Volume NHS Hospitals in England and Wales
Authors: Artz Neil , Dixon Sam , Wylde Vikki , Beswick Andrew , Blom Ashley , Gooberman‐Hill Rachael 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackgroundTotal hip replacement (THR) and total knee replacement (TKR) are two common elective orthopaedic procedures, and the provision of physiotherapy for patients after discharge is variable, with evidence for best practice remaining uncertain.Aims and objectivesTo determine the standard physiotherapy service offered to patients following discharge after THR and TKR.MethodsA telephone survey was carried with clinicians at 24 high‐volume NHS orthopaedic centres in England and Wales. Information was gathered on standard physiotherapy provision and categorized into; no routine physiotherapy, outpatient physiotherapy (including one‐to‐one and group), home‐based physiotherapy or other physiotherapy (including telephone consultation and drop‐in services).ResultsNo centres surveyed referred patients to outpatient physiotherapy as a routine pathway of care following THR. Eleven centres provided group physiotherapy to patients after discharge following TKR compared with five centres providing one‐to‐one outpatient physiotherapy.ConclusionThe provision of physiotherapy following discharge after TKR is a more common practice than after THR, where ongoing physiotherapy is provided depending upon clinical need. Group exercises are the favoured destination for patients following TKR in high‐volume centres. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Straightforward preparation of polymers based on oligodimethylsiloxane and alkylamine
Authors: Leymarie Ludovic , Dupuy Jérôme , Villegas Estelle , Chaumont Philippe , Sintes‐Zydowicz Nathalie , Fleury Etienne 
Published: July 2012

AbstractNovel oligodimethylsiloxane‐based polymers with alkyl side chain were synthesized in bulk by step‐growth polymerization between α,ω‐glycidyl ether oligodimethylsiloxanes and a monoalkylamine in the absence of catalyst and at temperatures ranging between 80 and 180 °C. Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight results attested for the high reactivity of the amine functions with the glycidyl groups and revealed that the main polymer structure was (A2B2)n type with alkyl moieties as dangling chains. No etherification was observed during the reaction even at high temperatures and the nature of the end groups strongly depended on the molar ratio between glycidyl and amine functions. Polymerization reactions were followed by 1H NMR and the kinetics of the glycidyl‐amine reaction pointed out the dependence of temperature, molar ratio, and the molar mass of the oligodimethylsiloxane. High conversion rates were obtained, especially with the lowest molecular weight oligodimethylsiloxane. An optimized kinetic model derived from the Horie's model was discussed and permitted to correctly fit the experimental data. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Oxidative coupling polymerization of bishydrazide for the synthesis of poly(diacylhydrazine): Oxidative preparation of oxidatively degradable polymer
Authors: Nagashima Kentaro , Kihara Nobuhiro , Iino Yusuke 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe oxidative coupling polymerization of bishydrazide is successfully performed to form poly(diacylhydrazine) (PDAH), which is an oxidatively degradable polymer. Oxone is an effective oxidant, and a mixture of an aprotic polar solvent, water, and acetonitrile or N,N‐dimethylacetamide is necessary as the solvent. On treatment of PDAH with sodium hypochlorite solution or hydrogen peroxide, the PDAH is rapidly oxidized and degraded to the corresponding dicarboxylic acid. When hydrogen peroxide is used as the oxidant, the addition of acetonitrile and potassium carbonate is necessary for effective degradation. PDAH exhibits high thermal stability in air and a high Tg value. No oxidation is observed in air. Thus, PDAH is an oxidatively degradable high‐performance polymer that is stable toward oxygen. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Synthesis of mikto‐topology star polymer containing one cyclic arm
Authors: Jiang Xiubo , Shi Yi , Zhu Wen , Chen Yongming , Xi Fu 
Published: July 2012

AbstractWell‐defined mikto‐topology star polystyrene composed of one cyclic arm and four linear arms was synthesized by a combination of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and Cu‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) click reaction. First, the bromine‐alkyne α,ω‐linear polystyrenes containing four hydroxyl groups protected with acetone‐based ketal groups were synthesized by ATRP of styrene using a designed initiator. Then, the bromine end‐group was converted to the azide and the linear polystyrene was cyclized intra‐molecularly by the CuAAC reaction. The four hydroxyl groups were released by deprotection and then esterified with 2‐bromoisobutyryl bromide to produce a cyclic polymer bearing four ATRP initiating units. By subsequent ATRP of styrene to grow linear polymers with the cyclic polystyrene as a macroinitiator, the mikto‐topology star polymers were prepared. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Volunteer Orthopedic Surgical Trips in Nicaragua: A Cost‐effectiveness Evaluation
Authors: Chen Andrew T. , Pedtke Andrew , Kobs Jeffrey K. , Edwards George S. , Coughlin R. Richard , Gosselin Richard A. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackgroundInjuries account for a substantial portion of the world’s burden of disease and require effective surgical care. Volunteer surgical teams that form partnerships with hospitals help build local surgical capacity while providing immediate care. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of short orthopedic surgical volunteer trips as a method of reducing the global burden of surgical disease through both surgical and educational interventions.MethodsData were collected from a scheduled volunteer trip to Leon, Nicaragua, in January 2011 as part of the Cooperación Ortopédica Americano Nicaraguense (COAN), a 501c3 nonprofit organization established in 2002. Costs are from the COAN provider prospective with an additional analysis to include the Nicaraguan provider variable costs. The total burden of musculoskeletal disease averted from the patients receiving surgical intervention was derived using the disability‐adjusted‐life‐years (DALYs) framework and disability weights from the disease control priority project. The cost‐effectiveness ratio was calculated by dividing the total costs by the total DALYs averted.ResultsA total of 44.78 DALYs were averted in this study, amounting to an average of 1.49 DALYs averted per patient. The average cost per patient from the COAN provider perspective was $525.64, and from both the COAN and Nicaraguan provider perspective it was $710.97. In the base case, cost‐effectiveness was $352.15 per DALY averted, which is below twice the Nicaraguan per capita gross national income ($652.40).ConclusionsVolunteer orthopedic surgical trips are cost‐effective in Nicaragua. Further research should be conducted with multiple trips and with different patient populations to test the generalizability of the results.
Development of a Formula to Predict Parathyroid Carcinoma in Patients with Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Karakas Elias , Müller Hans‐Helge , Lyadov Vladimir K. , Luz Stephanie , Schneider Ralph , Rothmund Matthias , Bartsch Detlef K. , Schlosser Katja 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackgroundCure of parathyroid carcinoma (PC) requires initial en bloc resection, including resection of all tumor‐bearing tissue, with hemithyroidectomy and dissection of the central lymph node compartment. Unfortunately, no reliable preoperative criteria have yet been assessed to indicate a high likelihood of PC. Thus, the aim of the present study was to develop a formula to indicate preoperatively the presence of PC.MethodsA prospective database of 1,363 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) was screened for patients with PC. Age, gender, surgical procedures, laboratory data, and follow‐up results were evaluated and compared to a group of patients with benign pHPT. Based on preoperative serum calcium (Ca) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels, as well as patients’ age at the time of diagnosis, a formula was developed by a multivariate logistic model that estimates the individual risk for PC.ResultsBetween 1987 and 2008, 19 patients with PC were identified. Ca (3.8 ± 0.3 vs 2.9 ± 0.3 mmo/l; p = 0.0002) and PTH levels (1,250 ± 769 vs 194 ± 204 pg/ml; p = 0.0030) were significantly higher in patients with PC than in those with benign pHPT. Patients with PC were also significantly younger than patients with benign pHPT (48.9 ± 12.1 vs 59.1 ± 13.8 years; p < 0.05). With a ≥5 % probability that a given patient suffered from PC, the sensitivity and specificity to identify the disease were 100 and 30 %, respectively, with the new Ca, PTH, and age based logarithmic formula.ConclusionsThe new logarithmic formula can be used to calculate the individual risk for PC. If the calculated individual risk exceeds 5 %, en bloc resection seems to be justified to provide long‐term cure in case of PC.
Ingestion of low‐dose ibuprofen following resistance exercise in postmenopausal women
Authors: Candow Darren G. , Chilibeck Philip D. , Weisgarber Krissy , Vogt Emelie , Baxter-Jones Adam D. G. 
Published: July 2012

BackgroundPostmenopausal women typically experience accelerated muscle loss which has a negative effect on strength. The maximum daily recommended dosage of ibuprofen (1,200 mg) following resistance exercise has been shown to increase muscle hypertrophy and strength in older adults. This study aimed to determine the effects of low‐dose ibuprofen (400 mg) immediately following resistance exercise sessions on muscle mass and strength in postmenopausal women.MethodsParticipants were randomized to ingest ibuprofen (IBU: n = 15, 57.8 ± 5.1 years, 75.9 ± 9.0 kg, 165.9 ± 6.2 cm, BMI = 28 ± 4 kg/m2) or placebo (PLA: n = 13, 56.5 ± 4.4 years, 73.0 ± 10.4 kg, 163.1 ± 5.9 cm, BMI = 26 ± 9 kg/m2) immediately following resistance exercise (11 whole‐body exercises), which was performed 3 days/week, on nonconsecutive days, for 9 weeks. Prior to and following training, measures were taken for lean tissue mass (dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry), muscle size of the elbow and knee flexors and extensors and ankle dorsiflexors and plantar flexors (ultrasound), and strength (one‐repetition maximum leg press and chest press).ResultsOver the 9 weeks of training, there were significant changes (p < 0.05) in lean tissue mass (IBU, −1.1 ± 1.0 kg; PLA, −0.7 ± 1.4 kg), muscle size of the knee extensors (IBU, 0.3 ± 0.6 cm; PLA, 0.2 ± 0.7 cm), ankle dorsiflexors (IBU, 0.5 ± 0.8 cm; PLA, 0.1 ± 0.5 cm), and ankle plantar flexors (IBU, 0.3 ± 0.9 cm; PLA, 0.5 ± 0.9 cm), leg press strength (IBU, 20.6 ± 18.0 kg; PLA, 20.0 ± 20.0 kg), and chest press strength (IBU, 5.1 ± 9.5 kg; PLA, 8.1 ± 7.6 kg), with no differences between groups.ConclusionLow‐dose ibuprofen following resistance exercise has no greater effect on muscle mass or strength over exercise alone in postmenopausal women.
Shunt reduction to pulmonary arteriovenous malformations using a modified covered stent
Authors: Argueta-Morales I. Ricardo , Hathaway Robyn M. , Nykanen David G. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPulmonary arteriovenous malformations in patients with congenital heart disease have been associated with interruption of hepatic venous return to the lungs. We report a novel technique to improve systemic saturation using a modified covered stent in a patient with unilateral left pulmonary arteriovenous malformations in the setting of a Fontan circulation.
Modeling large scale shoreline sand waves under oblique wave incidence
Authors: van den Berg N. , Falqués A. , Ribas F. 
Published: July 2012

The hypothesis that the formation and dynamics of large scale shoreline sand waves can be explained by a feedback mechanism between waves and nearshore morphology under very oblique wave incidence is explored with a quasi 2D nonlinear morphodynamic model. Using constant wave conditions it is found that if the wave incidence angle at the depth of closure is larger than about 45° the rectilinear coastline becomes unstable and a shoreline sand wavefield develops from small random perturbations. Shoreline sand waves develop with wavelengths between 2 and 5 km, they migrate downdrift at about 0.5 km/yr and they reach amplitudes up to 120 m within 13 years. Larger wave obliquity, higher waves and shorter wave periods strengthen the shoreline instability. Cross‐shore transport is essential for the instability and faster cross‐shore dynamics leads to a faster growth of the sand waves. Simulations with variable wave incidence angles (alternating between 60° and 30°) show that a large proportion of high angle waves is required for spontaneous sand wave formation (at least 80%). Insight is provided into the physical mechanism behind high angle wave instability and the occurrence of a optimal length scale for sand wave growth. The generic model results are consistent with existing observations of shoreline sand waves, in particular with those along the southwest coast of Africa.
Segmentation and Representation of Consonant Blends in Kindergarten Children’s Spellings
Authors: Werfel Krystal L. , Schuele C. Melanie 
Published: July 2012

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to describe the growth of children’s segmentation and representation of consonant blends in the kindergarten year and to evaluate the extent to which linguistic features influence segmentation and representation of consonant blends. Specifically, the roles of word position (initial blends, final blends), class of blends, homorganicity, and nasality were considered.

Method
Forty kindergarten children completed a developmental spelling measure (26 words with initial or final blends) 3 times at 6-week intervals. Responses were analyzed for logical representation of speech sounds to describe developmental change and differential accuracy of segmentation and representation across blend types.

Results
Kindergarten children showed varied ability to segment and represent consonant blends and were differentially successful depending on the linguistic features of the blends. Children were more likely to represent initial blends than final blends, final nonnasal blends than final nasal blends, nonhomorganic blends than homorganic blends, and initial nasal blends than final nasal blends.

Conclusion
During the period of emergence, the properties of phonemes that comprise consonant blends influence children’s ability to segment and represent blends. This finding has implications for how phonemic awareness and spelling instruction and intervention might proceed.
Syllable-Timed Speech Treatment for School-Age Children Who Stutter: A Phase I Trial
Authors: Andrews Cheryl , O’Brian Sue , Harrison Elisabeth , Onslow Mark , Packman Ann , Menzies Ross 
Published: July 2012

Purpose
This clinical trial determined the outcomes of a simple syllable-timed speech (STS) treatment for school-age children who stutter.

Method
Participants were 10 children, ages 6–11 years, who stutter. Treatment involved training the children and their parents to use STS at near normal speech rates. The technique was practiced in the clinic and at home with the parents during everyday conversations.

Results
Nine months after commencing treatment, stuttering had decreased by >50% for half of the children, with 2 children attaining 81% and 87% reduction. Intention-to-treat analysis showed a clinically and statistically significant reduction in stuttering for the group even when a withdrawn participant was included. These results were mostly confirmed by self-reported stuttering severity ratings and were supported by improved situation avoidance and quality-of-life scores. There was considerable individual variation in response to the treatment.

Conclusion
STS shows promise as a treatment for some school-age children who stutter. As a fluency technique, it is simple to learn and simple to teach, and the children in this study appeared to enjoy the treatment. The efficacy of the treatment could likely be improved with modifications.