bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence-Based Physiotherapeutic Interventions Enhancing Hand Dexterity, Activities of Daily Living and Quality of Life of Parkinson’s Disease Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Vasu Deepak Thazhakkattu , Hui Lim Ming , Fong Wei Han , Choong Pui Kuan , Chou Li-Wei 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTObjectives:This systematic review primarily aims to identify the optimal physiotherapeutic intervention to improve hand dexterity in Parkinson’s Disease (PD) patients. The secondary objectives were to identify the hand dexterity physiotherapeutic interventions available for PD patients, and to determine the quality of these interventions.Review Methods:Eight electronic databases were systematically searched to identify relevant randomized controlled trial full-text articles using the established search strategy. The primary outcomes of interest were measurements for hand dexterity and activities of daily living (ADL).Results:A total of 11 studies comprising 647 participants with PD were included. Most studies had a high risk of performance bias and an unclear risk of selection bias. The intervention training period ranged from a single session to 12 weeks. Compared to their respective control group, eight out of 11 studies revealed significant results in hand dexterity, two out of three studies reported positive effects on ADL, four of seven studies showed significant improvements in upper limb motor performance, and two studies perceived positive benefits in terms of overall quality of life. Five out of 11 studies that recorded the occurrence of adverse events reported no adverse events post-intervention.Conclusion:The dearth of evidence made it difficult to support any one intervention as the best intervention when compared to the other PD treatments in upper limb rehabilitation. Regardless, a home-based dexterity rehabilitation programme is still a promising approach to enhance dexterity-related functional abilities.
Transcending the fog of war? US military ‘AI’, vision, and the emergent post-scopic regime
Authors: Huelss Hendrik 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The integration of ‘AI’ technologies into weapon systems introduces a complex dimension to international relations and security, championing technological solutions for enduring warfare challenges, notably enhancing ‘situational awareness’ through advances such as automated ‘vision’. However, the discourse, particularly in Western militaries like that of the United States, often overlooks inherent limitations and issues in AI-based warfare. This paper explores ‘AI’s’ implications for military vision by inter alia scrutinising the US military’s Joint All-Domain Command and Control (JADC2) process. It argues that the US military actively transforms the observation, decision, and action apparatus, progressively substituting human vision and decision-making, leading to a multidimensional de-visualisation. This denotes fundamental changes in human perception, reshaping knowledge, control, and agency dynamics. In conclusion, the paper suggests an imminent era of de-visualisation in the military – a deliberate relinquishment of human control for perceived military efficiency and effectiveness. This marks a transformative shift, urging nuanced consideration of the profound impact of ‘AI’ technologies on warfare dynamics.
L-invariants for cohomological representations of PGL(2) over arbitrary number fields
Authors: Gehrmann Lennart , Pati Maria Rosaria 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Let

$\pi $

be a cuspidal, cohomological automorphic representation of an inner form G of

$\operatorname {{PGL}}_2$

over a number field F of arbitrary signature. Further, let

$\mathfrak {p}$

be a prime of F such that G is split at

$\mathfrak {p}$

and the local component

$\pi _{\mathfrak {p}}$

of

$\pi $

at

$\mathfrak {p}$

is the Steinberg representation. Assuming that the representation is noncritical at

$\mathfrak {p}$

, we construct automorphic

$\mathcal {L}$

-invariants for the representation

$\pi $

. If the number field F is totally real, we show that these automorphic

$\mathcal {L}$

-invariants agree with the Fontaine–Mazur

$\mathcal {L}$

-invariant of the associated p-adic Galois representation. This generalizes a recent result of Spieß respectively Rosso and the first named author from the case of parallel weight

$2$

to arbitrary cohomological weights.
Volunteering among Older Adults and Effects of Ethnic Minority Status before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Longitudinal Analyses of the CLSA
Authors: O’Dea Eireann , Wister Andrew , Li Lun , Canham Sarah L. , Mitchell Barbara 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has presented numerous challenges to older adults in Canada, including the ability to volunteer. The purpose of this study is to improve the understanding of the social context surrounding volunteering in Canada, by (a) determining changes in associations between human, social, and cultural capital and volunteering among older adults; and (b) examining the relationship between ethnic minority status and volunteering, using data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA), collected prior to and during the pandemic. This study utilized data from 24,306 CLSA Baseline, Follow-up 1 (FUP1), and COVID-19 Baseline Survey participants (aged 55+). Results confirm a decrease in volunteering during the early stages of the pandemic. Compared to pre-pandemic associations, volunteers during the early stages of the pandemic were more likely to be young–old, male, employed, and not involved in religious activities. Findings provide evidence of pandemic effects on volunteering among older adults in Canada.
Online informal learning of English and receptive vocabulary knowledge: Purpose matters
Authors: Lai Chun , Wang Qiu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe research field of online informal English learning has revealed associations of various informal digital English activities and second language vocabulary development. However, most of these studies have regarded digital resources as uniform entities when investigating their potential for vocabulary development and have failed to consider learners’ idiosyncratic interaction with the resources driven by self-defined purposes of use. Informed by the uses and gratifications theory, this study explored how three purposes of extramural digital experience (entertainment, socialization and information) relate to vocabulary knowledge, based on the survey responses from 322 undergraduate Chinese EFL learners and their receptive vocabulary knowledge. PLS-SEM analysis uncovered differential associations of the three media use purposes with receptive vocabulary knowledge. The study also revealed that the associations between the purposes of informal digital activities and vocabulary knowledge differed depending on whether the vocabulary was high frequency or low frequency. Additionally, it was found that the strategic use of digital resources, in terms of cognitive attention to and processing of lexical information that are facilitative of vocabulary learning during and/or after the interaction, played a significant moderating role in the relationship between digital activities for information purposes and receptive knowledge of high-frequency vocabulary. The findings highlight the importance of considering media use purposes in future research and pedagogical practices.
Investigation of the psychometric properties of the Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire in Turkish parents
Authors: Şarahman-Kahraman Ceren , Memiç-İnan Cansu , Yabanci-Ayhan Nurcan , Ozcelik Ayse Özfer 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective:
The Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire (CFPQ) measures parental attitudes towards feeding practices that directly influence children’s eating habits. This study aims to determine the reliability and validity of the Turkish adaptation of the CFPQ developed by Musher-Eizenman et al.

Design:
Validity and reliability analyses were conducted for the Turkish version of the CFPQ (T-CFPQ). In addition to reliability analyses and partial correlations between scale dimensions, correlations between scale dimensions according to mothers’ BMI and children’s BMI z-scores were also examined.

Setting:
Parents with children aged 18 months to 8 years living in the community.

Participants:
The study sample consisted of 274 parents with children aged 18 months to 8 years who agreed to participate in the online survey.

Results:
In this study, forty-seven items and twelve-factor structure describing feeding practices were supported by the confirmatory factor analysis. Although most of the dimensions of the T-CFPQ showed significant correlations with each other, the highest correlation was found between the encourage balance/variety and the dimension of modelling and teaching nutrition (r = 0·53; 0·50) (P < 0·05). There was a negative correlation between the child’s BMI z-score and the pressure to eat dimension (r = –0·173; P < 0·01) and a positive correlation between the restriction for weight dimension (r = 0·339; P < 0·01). Maternal BMI was negatively associated with the involvement dimension (r = –0·121; P < 0·05) and positively associated with the restriction for weight dimension (r = 0·154; P < 0·01).

Conclusions:
The findings revealed that the T-CFPQ is a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be applied to obtain the necessary information for evaluating nutritional interactions between parent and child.
On the effects of struts diameter and shape on the European Space Agency deep space antenna directivity and first side lobe
Authors: Arenare Davide , Pelorossi Fabio , Concaro Filippo , Pasian Marco 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLarge reflector antennas, such as the European Space Agency deep space antennas (DSAs), practically always require struts to support the sub-reflector. While inevitable, they deteriorate the antenna performance. To minimize this deterioration, it is pivotal to understand the role played by different features, including struts diameter and shape. This paper proposes a detailed numerical investigation on the impact of these features on antenna efficiency and side lobes, for a test case comprising both DSA3 and DSA4. It is demonstrated, for the first time in a comprehensive and quantitative way that includes different permutations for the strut design, that both features are significant to define the deterioration, thus providing a significant feedback for struts design.
Circularly polarized dual-port MIMO DRA for future Wi-Fi 6E applications
Authors: Iqbal Javed , Illahi Usman , Ramay Shahid Mahmood , Sulaiman Mohamad Ismail 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis research article proposes a dual-sense dual-port wideband circularly polarized (CP) multi-input multi-output (MIMO) antenna designed for Wi-Fi 6E applications. The main novelty lies in achieving CP for both ports using a truncated rectangular-shaped aperture. By incorporating design and spatial diversity and defective ground structure between the two radiators, the design improves isolation and enables the antenna to generate Left-Hand Circular Polarization (LHCP)depending on the selected feed port. The proposed MIMO rectangular dielectric resonator antenna demonstrates an impressive impedance-matching bandwidth (IBW)from 5.5 to 8.0 GHz (37.10%) as well as an axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) covering from 6.0 to 6.55 GHz (12.20%). Additionally, the dual-port wideband CP MIMO antenna exhibits satisfactory diversity performance parameters. To validate the simulated results, a physical prototype is fabricated and subjected to experimental testing. The measured outcomes of the fabricated model align closely with the simulated results, confirming the accuracy of the design. With both MIMO and CP capabilities and improved isolation, this proposed model proves beneficial in reducing latency and minimizing the impact of multipath fading. Therefore, it stands as an excellent choice for future devices utilizing the Wi-Fi 6E band due to its broad IBW and overlappingAR.
AI‐Assisted Design of Printed Edge‐Fed Non‐Uniform Zig‐Zag Antenna for mm‐Wave Automotive Radar
Authors: Poli L. , Rocca P. , Rosatti P. , Anselmi N. , Salucci M. , Yang S. , Yang F. , Massa A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this paper, the design of a novel horizontally polarized single‐layer antenna for 77 (GHz) automotive radar applications is4 addressed. An innovative non‐uniform zig‐zag parametrization of the antenna layout is considered to enable a more flexible control on both the impedance matching in the working frequency band and the shaping of the radiated beam pattern with respect to a standard (uniform) one without compromising the linear (horizontal) polarization of the radiated field. Such a polarization guarantees a lower back‐scattering from road pavements, resulting in a reduced amount of clutter and thus allowing a more robust target detection. Moreover, the single‐layer layout has several advantages in terms of fabrication simplicity/costs and mechanical robustness to vibrations. The design of the proposed non‐uniform zig‐zag antenna (NZA) is performed through a customized implementation of the System‐by‐Design (SbD) approach that fruitfully combines machine learning and evolutionary optimization to efficiently deal with the computational complexity at hand. An extensive numerical validation, dealing with designs of different lengths, verifies the high performance of the NZA in terms of beam direction deviation (e.g., BDD < 1 (deg)), sidelobe level (e.g., SLL < −18.2 (dB)), and polarization ratio (e.g., PR > 20 (dB)) within the working frequency band (GHz), as well as its superiority over competitive designs. Finally, the realization of a prototype and its experimental test, validate the proposed NZA concept for automotive mm‐wave radar applications in advanced driver assistance systems and autonomous vehicles such as, for instance, adaptive cruise control, collision avoidance, and blind spot detection.
Reconstructing Mollisol Formation Processes Through Quantified Pedoturbation
Authors: Zhang Aimin , Long Hao , Yang Fei , Zhang Jingran , Peng Jun , Shi Yonghui , Zhang Ganlin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMollisols are highly fertile soils and function as significant carbon reservoirs. However, determining their ages and formation processes is challenging due to extensive pedoturbation, which undermines conventional dating methods. Here, we employed luminescence, a light‐sensitive property of minerals widely used in geological dating, to investigate and quantify soil mixing. We analyzed over 2,400 luminescence ages of individual K‐feldspar grains from a Mollisol profile in Northeast China, and for the first time, we were able to determine the intensity of pedoturbation in the Mollisol profile over the past 50,000 years. The results showed that the current pedoturbation can penetrate to a depth of approximately 80 cm, with the intensity decreasing with depth. By identifying a significant intensification in historical pedoturbation, we inferred that the paleoenvironment might be suitable for the formation of Mollisols 16,400 years before present.
Future Change in the Vietnam Upwelling Under a High‐Emission Scenario
Authors: Liao Fanglou , Yang Kunde , Wang Yaping , Hoteit Ibrahim , Zhan Peng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe Vietnam upwelling is a crucial circulation feature in the South China Sea. Although previous studies have shown that various coastal upwellings around the world may intensify under global warming, future changes in the Vietnam upwelling remain unclear. To address this knowledge gap, we analyzed the long‐term trend in the Vietnam upwelling under a high‐emission scenario for the period 2006–2100, using simulation results from a global eddy‐resolving climate model. In this model, the summertime Vietnam upwelling is projected to intensify in the 21st century and is statistically significant between 12°N and 14°N. A volume flux budget analysis indicates that wind stress curl is the most important contributor to the intensification. The geostrophic flow, to some extent, may suppress the upwelling intensification. The projected increase in upwelling is shown to significantly reduce local ocean warming and freshening and thus may have vital impacts on the local climate and circulation.
Childhood adversity trajectories and weight status in young adult men: a register-based study including 359,783 Danish men
Authors: Wimmelmann Cathrine L. , Sejling Christoffer , Clarke Rebecca B. , Elsenburg Leonie K. , Sørensen Thorkild I. A. , Rod Naja H. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Childhood adversity has previously been associated with overweight and obesity in adult life, but there is a need for larger population-based studies using prospectively obtained adversity trajectories across childhood to confirm these associations. Moreover, childhood adversity may also be associated with underweight, which is less often studied. The aim of the current study is to investigate the association between childhood adversity trajectories from 0–15 years with weight categories in young adult men.

Methods
The Danish Life Course Cohort (DANLIFE) was linked with the Danish Conscription Registry resulting in a study sample of 359,783 men, who have been assigned to one of five previously identified adversity trajectories from 0–15 years: “low adversity”, “early material deprivation”, “persistent material deprivation”, “loss or threat of loss”, and “high adversity”. Height and weight in young adulthood was assessed at a draft board examination at age 18–26 years. Associations of adversity trajectories and weight categories were investigated in multinomial regression models.

Results
Compared with the “low adversity” group, the four other adversity groups had higher risks of underweight, overweight, and obesity. The “high adversity” group showed the strongest associations with both underweight (1.44 (1.32, 1.58)) and obesity (1.50 (1.39, 1.61)) when adjusted for parental origin, birth year, age at draft board examination, and maternal age.

Conclusion
Childhood adversity, experienced between 0 and 15 years of life, was associated with a higher risk of underweight, overweight, and obesity in young adulthood among men.
Detection of inflammasome activation in liver tissue during the donation process as potential biomarker for liver transplantation
Authors: Mateo Sandra V. , Vidal-Correoso Daniel , Muñoz-Morales Ana M. , Jover-Aguilar Marta , Alconchel Felipe , de la Peña Jesús , Martínez-Alarcón Laura , López-López Víctor , Ríos-Zambudio Antonio , Cascales Pedro , Pons José A. , Ramírez Pablo , Pelegrín Pablo , Baroja-Mazo Alberto 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDeceased donor liver transplantation (LT) is a crucial lifesaving option for patients with end-stage liver diseases. Although donation after brain death (DBD) remains the main source of donated organs, exploration of donation after circulatory death (DCD) addresses donor scarcity but introduces challenges due to warm ischemia. While technical advances have improved outcomes, challenges persist, with a 13% mortality rate within the first year. Delving into liver transplantation complexities reveals the profound impact of molecular signaling on organ fate. NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation play a pivotal role, influencing inflammatory responses. The NLRP3 inflammasome, found in hepatocytes, contributes to inflammation, fibrosis, and liver cell death. This study explores these dynamics, shedding light on potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Samples from 36 liver transplant patients were analyzed for ASC specks detection and inflammasome-related gene expression. Liver biopsies, obtained before and after cold ischemia storage, were processed for immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR, and Western blot. One year post-LT clinical follow-up included diagnostic procedures for complications, and global survival was assessed. Immunofluorescence detected activated inflammasome complexes in fixed liver tissues. ASC specks were identified in hepatocytes, showing a trend toward more specks in DCD livers. Likewise, inflammasome-related gene expression analysis indicated higher expression in DCD livers, decreasing after cold ischemia. Similar results were found at protein level. Patients with increased ASC specks staining exhibited lower overall survival rates, correlating with IL1B expression after cold ischemia. Although preliminary, these findings offer novel insights into utilizing direct detection of inflammasome activation in liver tissue as a biomarker. They suggest its potential impact on post-transplant outcomes, potentially paving the way for improved diagnostic approaches and personalized treatment strategies in LT.
Investigating mobile element variations by statistical genetics
Authors: Kojima Shohei 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The integration of structural variations (SVs) in statistical genetics provides an opportunity to understand the genetic factors influencing complex human traits and disease. Recent advances in long-read technology and variant calling methods for short reads have improved the accurate discovery and genotyping of SVs, enabling their use in expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis and genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Mobile elements are DNA sequences that insert themselves into various genome locations. Insertional polymorphisms of mobile elements between humans, called mobile element variations (MEVs), contribute to approximately 25% of human SVs. We recently developed a variant caller that can accurately identify and genotype MEVs from biobank-scale short-read whole-genome sequencing (WGS) datasets and integrate them into statistical genetics. The use of MEVs in eQTL analysis and GWAS has a minimal impact on the discovery of genome loci associated with gene expression and disease; most disease-associated haplotypes can be identified by single nucleotide variations (SNVs). On the other hand, it helps make hypotheses about causal variants or effector variants. Focusing on MEVs, we identified multiple MEVs that contribute to differential gene expression and one of them is a potential cause of skin disease, emphasizing the importance of the integration of MEVs in medical genetics. Here, I will provide an overview of MEVs, MEV calling from WGS, and the integration of MEVs in statistical genetics. Finally, I will discuss the unanswered questions about MEVs, such as rare variants.
Search traffic for inflatable penile prosthesis increased following the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States: a Google Trends analysis
Authors: Abou Chawareb Elia , Nakamura Hana , Hammad Muhammed A. M. , Miller Jake A. , Lumbiganon Supanut , Azad Babak K. , Yafi Faysal A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe aimed to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on search trends for inflatable penile implants in the US. Search trends for inflatable penile implants ranging from 2016 through 2023 were analyzed utilizing Google Trends. Associations between search trends and US Census Bureau data, including average household income and per capita income, were analyzed. Pre- and post- COVID-19, the interest in inflatable penile implants has been steadily increasing on average in the US. The average household income for counties with the highest interest in inflatable penile implants during the pre-COVID era was $53,136, whereas for the counties with the highest interest in inflatable penile implants in the post-COVID era, the average decreased to $50,940. Similarly, the average per capita median decreased from $35,209 to $34,547. Search traffic for inflatable penile prosthesis increased following the pandemic in the US. Nevertheless, post-pandemic, individuals with lower income levels showed no change in interest in penile implant searches compared to the pre-pandemic period. Understanding this steadiness in interest can inform healthcare professionals and policymakers to tailor interventions and educational efforts to reach a broader audience, ensuring equitable access to information and healthcare resources.