bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Race and Insurance Type with Delayed Assessment for Kidney Transplantation among Patients Initiating Dialysis in the United States
Authors: Johansen Kirsten L. , Zhang Rebecca , Huang Yijian , Patzer Rachel E. , Kutner Nancy G. 
Published: July 2012

Summary

Background and objectives
The extent to which racial and socioeconomic disparities in access to kidney transplantation are related to not being assessed for transplant suitability before or shortly after the time of initiation of dialysis is not known. The aims of this study were to determine whether there were disparities based on race, ethnicity, or type of insurance in delayed assessment for transplantation and whether delayed assessment was associated with lower likelihood of waitlisting and kidney transplantation.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
This retrospective cohort study used data from the US Renal Data System and included 426,489 adult patients beginning dialysis in the United States between January 1, 2005 and September 30, 2009 without prior kidney transplant.

Results
Overall, 12.5% of patients had reportedly not been assessed for transplantation. Patients without private insurance were more likely to be reported as not assessed (multivariable adjusted odds ratio=1.33, 95% confidence interval=1.28–1.40 for Medicaid), with a pronounced racial disparity but no ethnic disparity among patients aged 18 to <35 years (odds ratio=1.27, 95% confidence interval=1.13–1.43; P<0.001 for interaction with age). Not being assessed for transplant around the time of dialysis initiation was associated with lower likelihood of waitlisting in multivariable analysis (hazard ratio=0.59, 95% confidence interval=0.57–0.62 in the first year) and transplantation (hazard ratio=0.46, 95% confidence interval=0.41–0.51 in the first year), especially within the first 2 years.

Conclusions
Racial and insurance-related disparities in transplant assessment potentially delay transplantation, particularly among younger patients.
Minimally displaced tibial tuberosity avulsion fracture in nine skeletally immature large breed dogs
Authors: DeCamp C. E. , Ritter M. , Probst C. W. , Dejardin L. M. , Priddy N. , Hayashi K. , Johnston S. A. , von Pfeil D. J. F. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryObjective: The objective of this study was to describe the clinical and radiographic features, as well as the treatment and outcome of minimally displaced tibial-tuberosity-avulsion-fractures (MDTTAF).Materials and methods: Signalment, history, diagnostics, therapy, and outcome were recorded. Follow-up was documented as re-examination, radiographic assessment or telephone conversation.Results: Nine large breed dogs that were presented with lameness originating from the proximal tibia were included. All showed signs of pain when pressure was applied to the tibial tuberosity. There was no stifle instability or intra-articular disease. The main feature on mediolateral radiographs was a widened tibial-tuberosity-physis with reactive new bone and loss of edge definition of the epiphyseal and metaphyseal margins. Non-surgical treatment was chosen in eight dogs, and surgery in one dog. Radiographic follow-up showed progressive closure of the tibial-tuberosity-physis and healing. Clinical signs resolved at a median of 28 days (range: 14–120).Discussion: Minimally displaced tibial-tuberosity-avulsion-fractures should be a differential diagnosis in skeletally immature large breed dogs older than nine months of age with signs of subtle pelvic-limb lameness, and signs of proximal tibial pain, but no evidence of stifle joint disease. Thorough clinical examination and critical review of bilateral radiographs are important to diagnose MDTTAF. The outcome in these cases suggests that the prognosis for MDTTAF is excellent. Age and size of the affected dogs in this study differ from an earlier publication that illustrated more severely displaced tibial tuberosity avulsion fractures, occurring mainly in terriers around five months of age.
CAD May Not be Necessary for Microcalcifications in the Digital era, CAD May Benefit Radiologists for Masses
Authors: Destounis Stamatia V. , Arieno Andrea L. , Morgan Renee C. 
Published: July 2012

Objective:The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of computer-aided detection (CAD) to mark the cancer on digital mammograms at the time of breast cancer diagnosis and also review retrospectively whether CAD marked the cancer if visible on any available prior mammograms, thus potentially identifying breast cancer at an earlier stage. We sought to determine why breast lesions may or may not be marked by CAD. In particular, we analyzed factors such as breast density, mammographic views, and lesion characteristics.Materials and Methods:Retrospective review from 2004 to 2008 revealed 3445 diagnosed breast cancers in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients; 1293 of these were imaged with full field digital mammography (FFDM). After cancer diagnosis, in a retrospective review held by the radiologist staff, 43 of these cancers were found to be visible on prior-year mammograms (false-negative cases); these breast cancer cases are the basis of this analysis. All cases had CAD evaluation available at the time of cancer diagnosis and on prior mammography studies. Data collected included patient demographics, breast density, palpability, lesion type, mammographic size, CAD marks on current- and prior-year mammograms, needle biopsy method, pathology results (core needle and/or surgical), surgery type, and lesion size.Results:On retrospective review of the mammograms by the staff radiologists, 43 cancers were discovered to be visible on prior-year mammograms. All 43 cancers were masses (mass classification included mass, mass with calcification, and mass with architectural distortion); no pure microcalcifications were identified in this cohort. Mammograms with CAD applied at the time of breast cancer diagnosis were able to detect 79% (34/43) of the cases and 56% (24/43) from mammograms with CAD applied during prior year(s). In heterogeneously dense/extremely dense tissue, CAD marked 79% (27/34) on mammograms taken at the time of diagnosis and 56% (19/34) on mammograms with CAD applied during the prior year(s). At time of diagnosis, CAD marked lesions in 32% (11/34) on the craniocaudal (CC) view, 21% (7/34) on the mediolateral oblique (MLO) view. Lesion size of those marked by CAD or not marked were similar, the average being 15 and 12 mm, respectively.Conclusion:CAD marked cancers on mammograms at the time of diagnosis in 79% of the cases and in 56% of the cases from the mammograms with CAD applied in the prior year(s). Our review demonstrated that CAD can mark invasive breast carcinomas in even dense breast tissue. CAD marked a significant portion on the CC view only, which may be an indicator to radiologists to be especially vigilant when a lesion is marked on this view.
Hypoglycemia due to an adult-onset nesidioblastosis, a diagnostic and management dilemma
Authors: Qintar Mohammed , Sibai Firas , Taha Mohammad 
Published: July 2012

AbstractWe describe a case of a 40 year old patient with recurrent severe fasting and postprandial symptomatic hypoglycemia that occurred 6 years after gastric bypass surgery. The hypoglycemia was associated with increased insulin and C peptide but all diagnostic modalities for localizing an insulinoma were negative. Medical management failed to control symptoms and the patient underwent subtotal pancreatectomy. Surgical tissue examination confirmed the diagnosis of noninsulinoma pancreatogenous hypoglycaemia syndrome (NIPHS) or nesidioblastosis. Initially after surgery the patient had full remission but after 6 months hypoglycemia recurred. However, this time it was well-controlled with octreotide treatment.
LOW FIELD 1H NMR INVESTIGATION OF PLASTICIZER AND FILLER EFFECTS IN EPDM
Authors: Pazur Richard J. , Lee D. , Walker F. J. , Kasai Maxim 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA series of compounds based on peroxide-cured EPDM were prepared with varying amounts of paraffinic plasticizer and carbon black. Modeling of the NMR relaxation signal was successfully carried out by either a biexponential or triexponential fitting procedure. It was found the degree of plasticization correlated directly with the average molar mass between chain entanglements (Me) calculated from the short decay constant T21. Values of Me correlated to the dynamic properties (storage modulus and tan δ) in the unvulcanized state, thus providing a measure of processability. An increase in carbon black concentration brought about a decrease in Me because of increased interactions between the filler and the polymer chain. A new parameter Mchain–filler is introduced to estimate the average molar mass between polymer chains and fillers. Compared with the chain entanglement density, the overall magnitude of this interaction appears to be weak in the mobile zone of the compound matrix. As in the case of plasticization, a relatively good correlation is obtained between Me and the dynamical properties in the unvulcanized state. Compression-set resistance is shown to directly follow the average molar mass between cross-links (Mc) before and after aging. The carbon black study results can be understood within the context of a morphological model containing different zones of chain mobility—a thin shell of immobilized chains, an intermediate zone of limited mobility, and a dominant mobile phase consisting mainly of entangled and cross-linked polymer chains.
POPULATION BALANCE MODEL FOR VULCANIZATION OF NATURAL RUBBER WITH DELAYED-ACTION ACCELERATOR AND PREVULCANIZATION INHIBITOR
Authors: Anandhan M , Kaisare Niket S , Kannan K , Varkey Bijo 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Our objective is to extend the population balance equation model for vulcanization of natural rubber in the presence of N-t-butylbenzothiazole-2-sulfenamide (TBBS) as an accelerator and N-(cyclohexylthio)phthalimide (CTP) as a retarder. The experiments performed by using the oscillating disk rheometer are used to track the evolution of crosslink density in natural rubber. The model quantitatively predicts the trends observed in the vulcanization mixture at various temperatures, including capturing the effects of changing the initial amounts of TBBS and CTP. This model is able to capture all the key trends involved in the retarder chemistry. Specifically, both experiments and model show that addition of CTP delays the scorching time by a few minutes, without affecting the final crosslink concentration. The model qualitatively predicts trends in the major species reported in the literature. The model can reliably predict and explain the trends of monosulfidic, disulfidic, and polysulfidic crosslinks in a conventional and efficient TBBS-accelerated system. Finally, reaction path analysis is performed for the vulcanization process, which is able to clearly identify the key reaction mechanisms in the induction, crosslinking, and postcrosslink zones during the curing process.
Vascular Access in Patients Receiving Hemodialysis in Libya
Authors: Alashek Wiam A. , McIntyre Christopher W. , Taal Maarten W. 
Published: July 2012

Purpose A native arteriovenous fistula (AVF) represents the optimal form of Vascular Access (VA) for patients receiving hemodialysis (HD). In Libya there are several barriers to AVF creation including lack of adequate preparation for dialysis and surgical services. We aimed to conduct the first comprehensive study of VA utilisation in HD patients in Libya. Methods A prospective observational study included all adult patients receiving HD treatment in 25 HD facilities in Libya from May 2009 to Nov 2011. Researchers gathered data regarding VA through interviews with staff and patients as well as medical records. Patients with definitive VA were re-interviewed after 1 year. Results At baseline the majority of patients (91.9%; n=1573) were using permanent VA in the form of AVF or arteriovenous graft. Patients with permanent VA were more likely to be male and less likely to be diabetic than those with CVCs. Most patients had commenced HD using a temporary CVC (91.8%). VA-related complications were: thrombosis (46.7%), aneurysm (22.6%), infection (11.5%) and haemorrhage (10.2%). Incident VA thrombosis was reported by 14.7% in 1 year. Independent risk factors for incident thrombosis were female gender and diabetes. Hospitalisation for VA related complications was reported by 31.4%. Conclusions Few patients in Libya initiate HD with definitive VA, but most achieve it thereafter. Improved dialysis preparation and increased provision of surgical services are required to increase the proportion of patients initiating HD with definitive VA and should be a priority in rebuilding health services in Libya after the recent conflict.
Molecular Dynamics of Fluids: The Gaussian Overlap Model
Authors: Kabadi Vinayak N. , Steele William A. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractComputer simulation results are reported for model Gaussian overlap molecules with orientation independent well depths (GOCE systems) at different anisotropies. A procedure is developed for the comparison of the thermodynamics of these systems with equivalent 12‐6 site‐site systems. Comparison of thermodynamic properties of prolate systems with those for site‐site diatomics showed good agreement, especially at low anisotropies. The structures of these two systems indicated that relative molecular orientations around the T shape are more favored for site‐site diatomics than in the GOCE case. The thermodynamics of the oblate benzene‐like GOCE system (K = 0.50) were studied and results were obtained that do not agree well with the experimental data for liquid benzene. Comparison of the structure of this GOCE system with recent simulations using a six‐centered site‐site potential for benzene showed that the GOCE fluid is less structured than the site‐site model.
Statistical Mechanics of Non‐Spherical Molecules: Spherical Harmonic Expansions on Non‐Spherical Surfaces II Gay‐Berne Gaussian Overlap Potential
Authors: Kabadi Vinayak N. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPseudo‐spherical harmonic expansions of two body functions such as pair potential and pair correlation functions are proposed for molecular systems interacting by the Gay‐Berne Gaussian overlap potential (GOBG potential) and the site‐site diatomic potential. It is shown that the choice of surfaces representing the repulsive cores of the potentials provides rapid convergence of the series, thereby allowing for the calculation of thermodynamic properties and for the study of the orientational structure of the fluids by series resummations. Significant differences in the structures of the GOBG and the site‐site diatomic liquids are brought out using this technique.
Vapor‐Liquid Equilibria for Binary and Ternary Mixtures of Benzene, Toluene and n‐Butyraldehyde
Authors: Kassmann K.‐D. , Knapp H. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIsothermal vapor‐liquid equilibria were investigated in a pressure controlled, dynamic still with vapor and liquid recirculation. The temperature, the pressure and the compositions of the vapor and the liquid phase were determined for benzene/toluene at 313.15 K and 334.15 K, n‐butyraldehyde/benzene at 313.15 K and 343.15 K, n‐butyraldehyde/toluene at 313.15 K and 333.15 K and for the ternary mixture at 313.15 K.—The experimental binary VLE‐data were reduced: a point‐to‐point consistency test was performed, with a maximum likelihood method binary parameters were fitted for five popular activity coefficient models. The experimental ternary VLE‐data could be used to check the adequacy ofgE‐models.
Li2UCl6, Na2UCl6 and Cs2UCl6 compounds: Enthalpies of phase transitions and electrical conductivity in the solid and liquid states
Authors: Gaune‐Escard M. , Fouque Y. , Bros J. P. , Wisniowski M. , Bogacz A. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractUsing several experimental techniques (electrical conductivity measurement, differential thermal analysis and differential enthalpic analysis), the Li2UCl6, Na2UCl6 and Cs2UCl6 Compounds have been investigated. —The joint examination of thermograms and phase diagrams suggests that the fusion of Li2UCl6 and Na2UCl6 compounds is preceeded by small thermal effects which are not always reproducible. —Melting temperatures and enthalpies of transformation and fusion have been measured: magnified image These new results were compared with those previously found for similar compounds. The calorimetric and electrical experimental values obtained for Li2UBr6 and Li2UCl6 allowed a parallelity to be established: the very close values of entropy of fusion, 61 and 57 J · mol−1 · K−1, respectively, suggest that the melting mechanism is similar for both compounds. —On the other hand, in spite of similar entropies of fusion, Li2UCl6 and Na2UCl6 exhibit a strongly different behaviour of the electrical conductivity. The electrical properties of Li2UCl6, Na2UCl6 and Cs2UCl6 were also tentatively compared with those of Li2UBr6 and Na2UBr6 but only a qualitative interpretation can be put forward. —However the similar premelting effects and entropies of fusion (13.8 and 15.8 J · mol−1 · K−1 respectively) found for Na2UBr6 and Cs2UCl6 suggest a similar melting mechanism for both compounds. Therefore high temperature structural investigations would be essential and the clue to the electrical and thermodynamic behaviours of Li2UCl6, Na2UCl6 and Cs2UCl6.
The dielectric constant of chlorodifluoromethane to 200 MPa
Authors: Uematsu M. , Franck E. U. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe static dielectric constant ϵ of chlorodifluoromethane, CHClF2, was measured between 233 and 368 K and from 0.5 to 200 MPa. (Tc = 369 K). The high pressure capacitor cell and the procedure are described. At 233 K ε increases from 9.84 to 12.19 with pressures from 0.5 to 200 MPa. At 298 K the increase reaches from 6.24 to 8.75 with pressures from 2.5 to 200 MPa. At 368 K and 200 MPa ε = 6.70 is found. At the critical point ε is equal to 2.35. Adjusted functions of ϵ in dependence of temperature and pressure and of temperature and density are given. Tables and diagrams with data at round T and p‐values as well as with data for liquid and gas along the coexistence curve are given. Kirkwood correlation factors between 1.0 and 1.20 were found.
Electrochemical in‐situ investigations on polycrystalline gold electrodes with oscillating quartz crystals: The electrosorption valency and heterogeneity constant of halide and sulphate adlayers
Authors: Stöckel Wolfgang , Schumacher Rolf 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe electrochemical formation and decay of halide and sulphate adlayers on polycrystalline gold electrodes were followed in‐situ in the monolayer range with oscillating quartz crystals. In addition, potentiodynamic techniques were applied to gain information on charge transfer and interfacial capacitance for these processes. From the obtained data the electrosorption valency γ and heterogeneity constantCwere evaluated. Following data were obtained. γ= −0.06; γ= −0.34; γSo4−= −0.5; CBr−= 35.5 kJ/mol.
Modeling the sediment yield from landslides in the Shihmen Reservoir watershed, Taiwan
Authors: Tsai Zong‐Xian , You Gene J.‐Y. , Lee Hong‐Yuan , Chiu Yu‐Jia 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTLandslides generate enormous volumes of sediment in mountainous watersheds; however, quantifying the downstream transport of landslide‐derived sediment remains a challenge. Landslide erosion and sediment delivery to the Shihmen Reservoir watershed in Taiwan was estimated using empirical landslide frequency–area and volume–area relationships, empirical landslide runout models, and the Hydrological Simulation Program‐ FORTRAN (HSPF). Landslide erosion rates ranged from 0.4 mm yr‐1 to 2.2 mm yr‐1 during the period 1986–2003, but increased to 7.9 mm yr‐1 following Typhoon Aere in 2004. The percentage of landslide sediment delivered to streams decreased from 78% during the period 1986–1997 to 55% in 2004. Although the delivery ratio was lower, the volume of landslide sediment delivered to streams was 2.81 × 106 Mg yr‐1 in 1986–1997 and 8.60 × 106 Mg yr‐1 in 2004. Model simulations indicate that only a small proportion of the landslide material was delivered downstream. An average of 13% of the landslide material delivered to rivers was moved downstream during the period 1986–1997. In 2004, the period including Typhoon Aere, the annual fluvial sediment yield accounted for approximately 23% of the landslide material delivered to streams. In general, the transfer of sediment in the fluvial system in the Shihmen Reservoir watershed is dominantly transport limited. The imbalance between sediment supply and transport capacity has resulted in a considerable quantity of landslide material remaining in the upper‐stream regions of the watershed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gender diversity in leadership succession: Preparing for the future
Authors: Virick Meghna , Greer Charles R. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe development of gender diversity in leadership positions is a critical need for many companies as they develop strategies for how they will compete in the future. In this article, we test hypotheses about diverse leadership succession, using survey and archival data. Survey data were collected from executives and managers who responded to questions about their succession planning, successors, and the context of diversity in their work environments. Results indicate that the nomination of women as successors was positively associated with more favorable diversity climates for women. Furthermore, we found that the nomination of female successors was positively associated with the performance of incumbent managers who nominated them as their successors. We also found that the performance of incumbent managers moderated the relationship between diversity climate and the nomination of female successors. Lower‐performing incumbents were less likely than higher‐performing incumbents to nominate women as successors when the diversity climate was unfavorable. When the diversity climate was favorable, lower performers were more likely and higher performers were equally likely to nominate women as successors. We found no differences in the degree of objectivity in incumbents' descriptions of the strengths of female successors versus their male counterparts or in the degree of subjectivity in their developmental needs. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Concordance between physiological arousal and subjective distress among vietnam combat veterans undergoing challenge testing for PTSD
Authors: Marx Brian P. , Bovin Michelle J. , Suvak Michael K. , Monson Candice M. , Sloan Denise M. , Fredman Steffany J. , Humphreys Kathryn L. , Kaloupek Danny G. , Keane Terence M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis study examined concordance between physiological arousal and subjective distress during a laboratory challenge task. Data were collected during the multisite VA Cooperative Study 334 in the early 1990s examining psychophysiological arousal among combat‐exposed Vietnam veterans with (n = 775) and without (n = 369) posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Study participants were presented with 6 standardized neutral scenes and 6 standardized combat scenes. Participants provided a subjective rating of distress after each slide. During the presentation, levels of heart rate (HR) and skin conductance (SC) were recorded. Using linear mixed effects modeling, both HR level and SC level exhibited significant positive associations with subjective distress ratings (pr = .33, p < .001 and pr = .19, p < .001, respectively). Individuals with PTSD demonstrated greater concordance between their distress ratings and SC level during exposure to combat slides than participants without PTSD (pr = .28, p < .001 vs. pr = .18, p < .001). Although a significant association was found between subjective distress and HR reactivity and SC reactivity, these findings were not moderated by PTSD status. The results of these analyses suggest that patients' reports of distress during exposure‐based treatments might serve as approximate measures of actual physiological arousal.