bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unsteady compressible flow simulation around low-aspect-ratio rectangular flat wings
Authors: Durmuş G , Kavsaoğlu M Ş , Kaynak Ü 
Published: May 2011

Unsteady compressible flow solutions around a sharp-edged rectangular flat wing of an aspect ratio of 1.0 are obtained using a parallel Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes algorithm. The simulated cases are obtained for Mach numbers of 0.42–0.87 and Reynolds numbers of the order of 200 000–300 000 in the transitional flow regime up to an angle of attack of 15°. A Degani–Schiff modification for the Baldwin–Lomax turbulence model is used to distinguish between the boundary layers and the primary and secondary vortices over the flat plate. Unsteady vortex shedding frequencies and Strouhal number variation with the angle of attack are obtained by using the fast Fourier transform. The flow around the low-aspect-ratio rectangular flat wing is strongly dominated by the leading- and side-edge vortices and flow separations. The numerical results are compared with the prior experimental data acquired at the von Karman Institute that shows a mix of laminar/transitional flow. In the simulations, top surface pressures of the rectangular flat wing are well predicted except in the leading-edge region. Time-mean averaged surface flow topologies are also found to be in good agreement with the experiment. Complex flow structures, including the primary and secondary separation bubbles and the footprints of the primary and secondary vortex cores, are well captured through the use of the modified algebraic turbulence model.
Increased use of antipsychotic long-acting injections with community treatment orders
Authors: Patel Maxine X. , Matonhodze Jane , Baig Mirza K. , Gilleen James , Boydell Jane , Holloway Frank , Taylor David , Szmukler George , Lambert Tim , David Anthony S. 
Published: May 2011

Background: Community treatment orders (CTOs) are increasingly being used, despite a weak evidence base, and problems continue regarding Second Opinion Appointed Doctor (SOAD) certification of medication. Aims: The aim of the current study was to describe current CTO usage regarding patient characteristics, prescribed medication and CTO conditions. Method: A 1-year prospective cohort study with consecutive sampling was conducted for all patients whose CTO was registered in a large mental health trust. Only the first CTO for each patient was included. Measures included sociodemographic variables, psychiatric diagnosis, CTO date of initiation and conditions, psychotropic medication and date of SOAD certification for medication. This study was conducted in the first year of CTO legislation in England and Wales. Results: A total of195 patients were sampled (mean age 40.6 years, 65% male, 52% black ethnic origin). There was significant geographical variability in rates of CTO use ( χ2 = 11.3, p = 0.012). A total of 53% had their place of residence specified as a condition and 29% were required to allow access into their homes. Of those with schizophrenia, 64% were prescribed an antipsychotic long-acting injection (LAI). Of the total group, 7% received high-dose antipsychotics, 10% were prescribed two antipsychotics and only 15% received SOAD certification in time. Conclusions: There was geographical and ethnic variation in CTO use but higher rates of hospital detention in minority ethnic groups may be contributory. Most patients were prescribed antipsychotic LAIs and CTO conditions may not follow the least restrictive principle.
Surface-modified Tubular Glass Electrolyte for Portable Direct Methanol Fuel Cell
Authors: Umeki Motoharu , Daiko Yusuke , Yusa Shin-ichi , Mineshige Atsushi , Kobune Masafumi , Yazawa Tetsuo 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
A fast-proton-conducting porous tubular glass electrolyte was prepared by surface modification of glass, and the direct methanol fuel cell performance of the glass electrolyte was measured. The glass electrolyte showed very low methanol permeability of 2.1 × 10−7 cm2 s−1 compared with the polymer electrolyte Nafion® (2.3 × 10−6 cm2 s−1). An open-circuit voltage of approximately 0.7 V was obtained at room temperature, which corresponds to 15 V when the tubes are stacked in a 6.5 cm3 portable cell.
Electrochemical Conversion of Benzylamine to Dibenzylamine Using a Microreactor: Analogous System of Photocatalytic Redox Combined Synthesis
Authors: Amemiya Fumihiro , Kashiwagi Tsuneo , Fuchigami Toshio , Atobe Mahito 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
An electrochemical conversion of benzylamine to dibenzylamine using a microreactor has been investigated as an alternative of photocatalytic redox combined reaction. The use of the microreactor was clearly superior to the use of a more conventional batch type reactor.
Synthesis of Pd-supported Nanosized Mesoporous Silica as a Spherical Nanocatalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling Reaction
Authors: Okada Shusuke , Urata Takuma , Kamegawa Takashi , Mori Kohsuke , Yamashita Hiromi 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Nanosized mesoporous silica spheres with an average diameter of approximately 50 nm have been used as a catalyst support of active Pd nanoparticles, which was found to be highly efficient for Suzuki–Miyaura cross coupling compared to submicrosized or microsized conventional mesoporous silicas.
Ring Expansion Approach to Azaspiro[4.5]decane Skeletons via Electrophilic Activation of Benzocyclobutenols Bearing Pyridyl Group
Authors: Hayashi Taiki , Ohmori Ken , Suzuki Keisuke 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Facile construction of azaspiro[4.5]decane skeletons was enabled by the ring expansion of benzocyclobutenols substituted with a pyridyl group, triggered by electrophilic activation of the heteroaromatic moiety.
A Randomised Clinical Trial of a Meridian-Based Intervention for Food Cravings With Six-Month Follow-Up
Authors: Stapleton Peta , Sheldon Terri , Porter Brett , Whitty Jennifer 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis randomised, clinical trial tested whether The Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) reduced food cravings. This study involved 96 overweight or obese adults who were allocated to the EFT treatment or 4-week waitlist condition. Degree of food craving, perceived power of food, restraint capabilities and psychological symptoms were assessed pre- and post- a 4-week treatment program (mixed method ANOVA comparative analysis), and at 6-month follow-up (repeated measure ANOVA with group data collapsed). EFT was associated with a significantly greater improvement in food cravings, the subjective power of food and craving restraint than waitlist from pre- to immediately post-test (p< .05). Across collapsed groups, an improvement in food cravings and the subjective power of food after active EFT treatment was maintained at 6 months, and a delayed effect was seen for craving restraint. Although there was a significant reduction in measures of psychological distress immediately after treatment (p< .05), there was no between-group difference. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that EFT can have an immediate effect on reducing food cravings and can result in maintaining reduced cravings over time.
The Relationship Between Perfectionism, Stress and Burnout in Clinical Psychologists
Authors: D'Souza Fiona , Egan Sarah J. , Rees Clare S. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractPerfectionism has been suggested as a risk factor for the development of stress and burnout in psychotherapists, but this has not been extensively investigated. This study examined the relationship between perfectionism, stress and burnout in 87 Australian clinical psychologists. Stress had significant influences on the relationship between perfectionism and burnout. Specifically, stress was found to be a partial intervening variable in the relationship between perfectionism and personal burnout. In addition, stress was also found to completely mediate the influence of perfectionism on work-related and client-related burnout. The results indicated that perfectionism was both directly and indirectly related through stress to various types of burnout in clinical psychologists. Implications of the findings for research in to the utility of intervention for high levels of perfectionism in clinical psychologists are discussed.
Developing and PilotingePACT: A Flexible Psychological Treatment for Depression in People Living With Chronic Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Migliorini Christine , Tonge Bruce , Sinclair Andrew 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAccessibility, stigma and adverse effects of self-reliance can hinder the receipt of psychological treatments, especially in people living with chronic illness or disability. The aim of this study was to develop and pilot a flexible online psychological treatment using CBT and positive-psychology based techniques, for individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) who also lived with depression or both depression and anxiety. A multiple case study approach provided in-principle evidence of the acceptability of the Electronic Personal Administration of Cognitive Therapy:ePACT. Three adults living with SCI completed pre- and post-intervention interviews and multiple modules ofePACT. The interviews used the Structural Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders (SCID/-N/P) for diagnosis and the standardised survey instruments: Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale — short version (DASS-21), Personal Wellbeing Index 4th edition (PWI) and the Spinal Cord Lesion Emotional Wellbeing Questionnaire (SCL EWQ v1 Australia). The results indicated that the online program was acceptable, and they all showed some improvement in symptoms. All participants indicated that they would not have sought face-to-face therapy for reasons of access and stigma. They all had a strong sense of independence and felt this would have been questioned if they sought therapy.
Synapses, NMDA receptor activity and neuronal Aβ production in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Bordji Karim , Becerril-Ortega Javier , Buisson Alain 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
A direct relationship has been established between synaptic activity and amyloid-β secretion. Dysregulation of neuronal calcium homeostasis was shown to increase production of amyloid-β, contributing to the initiation of Alzheimer’s disease. Among the different routes of Ca2+ entry, N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, a subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptors, are especially involved in this process because of their ability to gate high levels of Ca2+ influx. These receptors have been extensively studied for their crucial roles in synaptic plasticity that underlies learning and memory but also in neurotoxicity occurring during acute brain injuries and neurodegenerative diseases. For one decade, several studies provided evidence that NMDA receptor activation could have distinct consequences on neuronal fate, depending on their location. Synaptic NMDA receptor activation is neuroprotective, whereas extrasynaptic NMDA receptors trigger neuronal death and/or neurodegenerative processes. Recent data suggest that chronic activation of extrasynaptic NMDA receptors leads to a sustained neuronal amyloid-β release and could be involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. Thus, as for other neurological diseases, therapeutic targeting of extrasynaptic NMDA receptors could be a promising strategy. Following this concept, memantine, unlike other NMDA receptor antagonists was shown, to preferentially target the extrasynaptic NMDA receptor signaling pathways, while relatively sparing normal synaptic activity. This molecular mechanism could therefore explain why memantine is, to date, the only clinically approved NMDA receptor antagonist for the treatment of dementia.
Hot-Dip Galvanizing Process Using ZinQuench for Processing Advanced High-Strength Steels
Authors: Huber Frédéric , Bleck Wolfgang 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
ZinQuench—Dynamic Galvanizing® (ZQ-DG) is an approach combining coatability improvement and process flexibility to produce advanced high-strength steels (AHSS). During this process, steel strips are gas-jet cooled and quenched from a high tuned temperature into a zinc melt with dynamic flow after annealing. The scientific objective is to develop ZQ-DG to design new AHSS with improved coating quality and mechanical properties simultaneously. The influence and effectiveness of the theoretical considerations are tested experimentally. Process parameters are studied with a laboratory scale hot-dip process simulator. Mechanical characterization of processed multiphase AHSS is carried out through a tensile test and correlated with steel microstructure. Wettability is also evaluated. The actual state of the investigations and results are presented and discussed for the different steels processed. Comparison between laboratory ZQ and conventional hot-dip galvanizing results allows forecasting of the industrial application potential of ZQ-DG to process flexibly new galvanized AHSS with lower alloying element content and resulting in less expensive products with improved mechanical properties.
Laser Cladding and Heat Treatment of Ni–Co–Mo Maraging Steel
Authors: Zoran Bergant , Marko Slabe Janez , Luis Ocaña Jose , Janez Grum 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
The subject of this paper is a surface-integrity analysis of Ni–Co–Mo laser cladded maraging steel (EN 10027-2, W. No. 1.2799). Experiments were performed on 3.3 kW Nd:YAG laser system with coaxial injection of Ni–Co–Mo powder alloy that integrates various modes of laser beam guidance and different degrees of overlapping. The specimens were subsequently solution and precipitation annealed in order to examine a precipitation hardening of the newly formed material using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with a microprobe for energy-dispersive spectroscopy analysis, supported by microhardness tests. The residual stresses were determined by a hole-drilling method, using the integral method for residual stresses calculation. Favourable compressive residual stresses are generated in laser cladded layers due to a phase transformation from austenite to lath-martensite. The optimal selection of laser cladding process parameters enables efficient and cost-effective maintenance of damaged surfaces on the vital parts of die-casting tools, made from 1.2799 maraging steel.
Slip Safety Analysis of Differently Surface Processed Dimension Marbles
Authors: Sariisik A. , Akdas H. , Sariisik G. , Coskun G. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
The present work attempts to determine the most suitable surface processing techniques to reduce the slipping risk of pedestrians while walking barefoot and wearing shoes on marble coverings. In this study, slip angles of surface-processed marbles in different plate dimensions have been determined by using DIN EN 51097, DIN EN 51130, and TS EN 14231 Standards “The determination of the characteristics that reduce slipping on wet, barefoot surfaces.” Slip angles and surface slip resistances have been determined by using ramp test equipment and pendulum method on five different types of classified marbles applied polishing and honing surface processing techniques. It was found that the parameters which affected slip resistance and slip angle values of the marbles were plate size and the applied surface processing techniques. The marbles were then grouped according to safe utilization places depending on slip angles and slip resistances, according to the statistical results.
STM Studies of Electrode/Electrolyte Interfaces and Silicon Surface Reactions in Controlled Atmospheres
Authors: Wade Christopher P. , Luo Huihong , Dunbar William L. , Linford Matthew R. , Chidsey Christopher E.D. 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTWe have assembled a scanning tunneling microscope with an inverted sample that allows the sample surface to be contacted by fluid electrolytes in a controlled atmosphere. A hanging meniscus is formed between the sample and a small cup surrounding the tunneling tip. In-situ imaging of the electrode/electrolyte interface is conveniently achieved with clean samples under potentiostatic control. The functioning of the microscope is illustrated by the imaging of the electrodeposition of copper on gold. This microscope has been used to image hydrogen-terminated silicon surfaces and to demonstrate that islands, tentatively assigned as silicon oxide, are formed on rinsing in water but can be avoided if the surface is not rinsed on withdrawal from the ammonium fluoride etching solution. Finally, STM shows that the convenient, gas-phase photochlorination of H-Si(111) produces the simple Cl-Si(111)(1×1) structure with little or no etching of the silicon surface.
Effect of the Topical Use of the Antioxidant Taurine on the Two Basement Membrane Proteins of Regenerating Oral Gingival Epithelium
Authors: Gültekin Sibel Elif , Sengüven Burcu , Sofuoğlu Altuğ , Taner Levent , Koch Manuel 
Published: May 2011

Background: The essential amino acid taurine has important physiologic and pathologic roles, and has been shown to have osmoregulatory, antioxidative, antiapoptotic, anti‐inflammatory, and antilipid activities. However, the response of oral gingival epithelium to taurine during wound healing remains unclear. The goal of this study is to evaluate the expression of laminin 5 and Type IV collagen histologically in regenerating gingival epithelium after direct application of taurine on incised human gingival samples.Methods: The study was conducted on 16 gingival samples obtained from gingivectomy specimens of eight adult patients with generalized gingival overgrowth. The samples were divided into two groups: gingiva with 1% taurine‐hydrated collagen membrane (n = 8) and saline‐hydrated collagen membrane (n = 8) applied specimens. The length of the newly formed epithelium on the wound surface and inflammation was assessed on hematoxylin and eosin–stained sections. Basement membrane formation was evaluated by detection of laminin 5 and Type IV collagen expressions on immunohistochemically stained samples.Results: Complete new epithelial formation was observed in 1% taurine‐treated gingivectomy specimens, whereas incomplete regeneration of the epithelium was observed in control gingivectomy specimens (P <0.05). The length of the newly formed epithelium showed a negative correlation with inflammation in the taurine group (P = −0.712; P <0.05). Immunoreactivity for both laminin 5 and Type IV collagen did not show any significant difference between groups.Conclusion: The local application of taurine‐hydrated collagen membrane on human gingival wounds demonstrated the histologic evidence of rapid reepithelization with taurine.
Accounting Adjustments and the Valuation of Financial Statement Note Information in 10-K Filings
Authors: De Franco Gus , Wong M. H. Franco , Zhou Yibin 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACT
We examine the valuation of financial statement note information at the time of 10-K filings. We find that stock returns around 10-K filings are positively related to accounting adjustments calculated from financial statement note information. We further document that the likelihood of equity analysts issuing a report and updating their target price estimates at the 10-K dates is increasing in the magnitude of the adjustments. Those analysts who do update their target prices at this time revise their estimates consistent with the sign and magnitude of the adjustments. These findings are consistent with financial statement users utilizing financial statement note information to make accounting adjustments, thereby incorporating this information into stock prices.
JEL Classifications: G14, G29, M40, M41, M44.
Data Availability: All data are publicly available from the sources identified in the article.
Earnings Management Using Real Activities: Evidence from Nonprofit Hospitals
Authors: Eldenburg Leslie G , Gunny Katherine A , Hee Kevin W , Soderstrom Naomi 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACT
We extend the literature on earnings management through real operating decisions by providing insight into the types of expenditures (core versus noncore and operating versus non-operating activities) affected by earnings management. We partition a sample of California nonprofit hospitals based on their earnings management incentives. We find that expenditures on non-operating and non-revenue-generating activities appear to decrease in hospitals with incentives to engage in such behavior, while core patient care activities remain unchanged. We also find evidence of earnings management in non-core operational expenses. Second, we analyze real earnings management related to pay-for-performance incentives and find that hospitals with stronger performance incentives exhibit a significant incremental decrease in expenditures. Finally, we examine two different kinds of behavior to discriminate between earnings management and good operational decisions and provide weak evidence to support opportunism rather than good management. Together, these results provide evidence of the use of real operating decisions to manage earnings.
The Importance of Audit Profession Development in Emerging Market Countries
Authors: Michas Paul N 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACT
This study investigates the country-level development of the audit profession in emerging market countries and whether this development is associated with audit quality and auditor choice. I find that audit quality is higher for client companies located in countries with a more developed audit profession, after controlling for rule of law and investor protection. Specifically, Big 4 client companies' total and abnormal accruals are both lower, and earnings are more conservative in countries with stronger Audit Profession Development (APD). However, these results hold only for companies audited by a Big 4 auditor. Results also indicate that stronger APD is associated with a greater likelihood that a client company hires a Big 4 auditor. My findings contribute to the literature that explores differences in audit quality and determinants of auditor choice, the literature that explores cross-country differences in audit professions, and research on the characteristics and effectiveness of audit institutions in emerging market economies.
Data Availability: Data are publicly available.
PICC-Related Thrombosis: Pathophysiology, Incidence, Morbidity and the Effect of Ultrasound-Guided Placement Technique on Occurrence in Cancer Patients
Authors: Hughes Meinir Elen 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Aim: To examine the phenomenon of catheter-related thrombosis by describing the pathophysiology of thrombosis and reviewing the evidence relating to the incidence, morbidity and the use of ultrasound-guided placement on the reduction in occurrence.
Background: The use of peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) as a means to deliver essential therapy for patients is common practice within the field of Oncology. The functional capacity of these devices has to be balanced with the potential for the development of complications such as thrombosis which may lead to debilitating physical or psychological effects.
Methods: Papers of all methodological design were included in the English language from 1980–2009. A review of the literature included papers associated with; the incidence of PICC-related upper extremity deep vein thrombosis (UEDVT), the morbidity and mortality associated with central venous catheter-related UEDVT and the use of ultrasound guidance to place PICCs.
Results: The literature demonstrates that catheter-related thrombosis is not an uncommon event especially when cancer patients are under investigation. The evidence relating to the use of ultrasound-guided placement as a means to reduce the incidence of thrombosis specifically in PICCs is small in respect to the number of papers but demonstrates a clear reduction in occurrence.
Conclusion: The development of co-morbidities of thrombosis such as pulmonary embolus or post-thrombotic syndrome exacerbates the disease process and is demonstrated to result in the deterioration of health and untimely death. The use of ultrasound devices to place PICCs needs to be considered in the clinical environment based on early indication from the literature that placement in the upper arm leads to a reduction in the incidence of catheter-related thrombosis.