bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of the Site of Subcutaneous Insulin Administration for the Measurement of Glucose in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Lindpointner Stefan , Korsatko Stefan , Köhler Gerd , Köhler Hans , Schaller Roland , Kaidar Ruthy , Yodfat Ofer , Schaupp Lukas , Ellmerer Martin , Pieber Thomas R. , Regittnig Werner 
Published: December 2009

OBJECTIVE
To simplify and improve the treatment of patients with type 1 diabetes, we ascertained whether the site of subcutaneous insulin infusion can be used for the measurement of glucose.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Three special indwelling catheters (24-gauge microperfusion [MP] catheters) were inserted into the subcutaneous adipose tissue of subjects with type 1 diabetes (n = 10; all C-peptide negative). One MP catheter was perfused with short-acting insulin (100 units/ml, Aspart) and used for insulin delivery and simultaneous glucose sampling during an overnight fast and after ingestion of a standard glucose load (75 g). As controls, the further two MP catheters were perfused with an insulin-free solution (5% mannitol) and used for glucose sampling only. Plasma glucose was measured frequently at the bedside.

RESULTS
Insulin delivery with the MP catheter was adequate to achieve and maintain normoglycemia during fasting and after glucose ingestion. Tissue glucose concentrations derived with the insulin-perfused catheter agreed well with plasma glucose levels. Median correlation coefficient and median absolute relative difference values were found to be 0.93 (interquartile range 0.91–0.97) and 10.9%, respectively. Error grid analysis indicated that the percentage number of tissue values falling in the clinically acceptable range is 99.6%. Comparable analysis results were obtained for the two mannitol-perfused catheters.

CONCLUSIONS
Our data suggest that estimation of plasma glucose concentrations from the glucose levels directly observed at the site of subcutaneous insulin infusion is feasible and its quality is comparable to that of estimating plasma glucose concentrations from glucose levels measured in insulin-unexposed subcutaneous tissue.
Prevalence of Type 1 Diabetes Autoantibodies (GADA, IA2, and IAA) in Overweight and Obese Children
Authors: Cambuli Valentina M. , Incani Michela , Cossu Efisio , Congiu Tiziana , Scano Francesca , Pilia Sabrina , Sentinelli Federica , Tiberti Claudio , Cavallo M. Gisella , Loche Sandro , Baroni Marco G. 
Published: December 2009

OBJECTIVE
Little is known about the prevalence of β-cell autoantibodies in children with excess body weight. The prevalence of type 1 diabetes autoantibodies and its relation with hyperglycemia was analyzed in 686 overweight/obese children and adolescents.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
All children underwent an oral glucose tolerance test, and anti-GAD, anti-IA2, and anti-IAA autoantibodies were measured. Autoantibody prevalence was evaluated in 107 normal-weight children for comparison.

RESULTS
A single autoantibody was present in 2.18% of overweight/obese subjects and 1.86% normal-weight subjects (P = NS). Postload glycemia was significantly higher in antibody-positive children (133 ± 69.9 vs. 105.4 ± 17.7 mg/dl, P &lt; 0.0001) compared with autoantibody-negative subjects. No difference in autoantibody distribution was seen when our cohort was stratified by age, sex, SDS-BMI, pubertal stage, and homeostasis model assessment–insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).

CONCLUSIONS
The 2.18% prevalence of type 1 diabetes autoantibodies is similar to that reported in nonobese children. This study provided evidence that excess body weight and insulin resistance do not influence autoantibody frequency.
Preconception Counseling in Women With Diabetes
Authors: Tripathi Avnish , Rankin Judith , Aarvold Joan , Chandler Colin , Bell Ruth 
Published: December 2009

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association of preconception counseling with markers of care and maternal characteristics in women with pregestational diabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSThe study includes data from a regional multi-center survey on 588 women with pregestational diabetes who delivered a singleton pregnancy between 2001 and 2004. Logistic regression was used to obtain crude and adjusted estimates of association.RESULTSPreconception counseling was associated with better glycemic control 3 months preconception (odds ratio 1.91, 95% CI 1.10–3.04) and in the first trimester (2.05, 1.39–3.03), higher preconception folic acid intake (4.88, 3.26–7.30), and reduced risk of adverse pregnancy outcome (P = 0.027). Uptake of preconception counseling was positively associated with type 1 diabetes (1.87, 1.14–3.07) and White British ethnicity (2.56, 1.17–5.6) and negatively with deprivation score (0.78, 0.70–0.87).CONCLUSIONSEfforts are needed to improve preconception counseling rates. Uptake is associated with maternal sociodemographic characteristics.
Secondary Failure of Metformin Monotherapy in Clinical Practice
Authors: Brown Jonathan B. , Conner Christopher , Nichols Gregory A. 
Published: December 2009

OBJECTIVE
We sought to document the secondary failure rate of metformin monotherapy in a clinical practice setting and to explore factors that predict therapeutic failure.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We studied 1,799 type 2 diabetic patients who, between 2004 and 2006, lowered their A1C to &lt;7% after initiating metformin monotherapy as their first-ever anti-hyperglycemic drug. We examined all A1C values recorded through 31 December 2008 (2–5 years of follow-up), defining secondary failure as a subsequent A1C ≥7.5% or the addition or substitution of another anti-hyperglycemic agent. We used logistic regression to identify factors associated with the probability of secondary failure.

RESULTS
Of the 1,799 patients studied, 42% (n = 748) experienced secondary failure; the mean failure rate was 17% per year. However, patients who initiated metformin within 3 months of diabetes diagnosis failed at an age-and A1C-adjusted rate of 12.2% (10.5–14.4%) per year, and patients who initiated while A1C was &lt;7% failed at an adjusted rate of 12.3% per year. An interaction term between duration of diagnosed diabetes and A1C was not significant. Age, duration, and A1C at initiation were the only factors that predicted secondary failure.

CONCLUSIONS
Although metformin failure may occur more rapidly in clinical practice than in clinical trails, initiating it soon after diabetes diagnosis and while A1C is low might preserve β-cell function, prolong the effectiveness of metformin, reduce lifetime glycemic burden, and prevent diabetes complications. Our findings support the current treatment algorithm for hyperglycemia management that recommends metformin initiation when diabetes is first diagnosed.
Cytisus aeolicus Guss. ex Lindl. in vitro cultures and genistin production
Authors: Lucchesini Mariella , Bertoli Alessandra , Mensuali-Sodi Anna , Cappelli Elisa , Noccioli Cecilia , Luciardi Laura , Pistelli Luisa 
Published: December 2009

AbstractCytisus aeolicus Guss. ex Lindl. (Fabaceae family, subfamily Faboideae) is an endangered endemic species of the Aeolian Islands, Sicily. In vitro multiplication of C. aeolicus shoots was described in this work and cell cultures were established from cotyledons and hypocotyls to investigate their potential production of isoflavones. Aseptically germinated seeds, cultivated on LS modified basal medium, gave the initial explants used both to induce axillary propagation and callus cultures. The LS (Linsmaier and Skoog) basal medium, supplemented with 0.1 mg L−1 of 6-benzylaminopurine were used to induce axillary propagation. The callus induction was performed using the basal medium added with 5 mg L−1 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid and 5 mg L−1 kinetin (control medium). Basal medium was also added with 2000 mg L−1 casein hydrolysate (CH) or 900 mg L−1myo-inositol (MI). C. aeolicus callus cultures on CH and MI media produced an unique compound, the isoflavone genistein 7-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside (genistin), which has not previously been isolated from wild plants. Callus cultures grown on the medium containing myo-inositol produced the greatest amount of genistin. C. aeolicus tissue culture procedures could provide suitable plant material both for germplasm preservation (by micropropagation) and for biotechnological selective isoflavone production (by callus culture).
The Ongoing Development of Community Mental Health Services in Japan: Utilizing Strengths and Opportunities
Authors: Ng Chee , Setoya Yutaro , Koyama Asuka , Takeshima Tadashi 
Published: December 2009

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify opportunities for the development of best practice community mental health care models in Japan using key information extracted from the Asia-Pacific Community Mental Health Development Project, site visits conducted on community mental health models, and discussion on service delivery with mental health leaders in government, clinical services and community. Conclusion: In terms of hospital-based care, Japan has the highest number of psychiatric beds and highest ratio of beds per capita in the world. Strategies to address the disproportionate balance of mental health service components are clearly needed. While progress and initiatives in community-based mental health services are promising, there are significant challenges facing the mental health system in Japan. There is a need to expand the scope, quantity and distribution of best practice community mental health services in Japan. The available funding and human resource could be further directed to effective and culturally appropriate community-based services. Increased leadership capacity and confidence in the mental health workforce at all levels should be addressed effectively.
Phenetic relationship between <i>Lepisorus</i> (J. SM.) Ching (Pteridophyta: Polypodiaceae) and its related genera
Authors: Chatan Wannachai , Boonkerd Thaweesakdi , Baum Bernard R. 
Published: January 2010

Multivariate analyses based on morphological and anatomical characters have been performed to investigate the phenetic relationship and to clarify the circumscriptions of the genus Lepisorus (J.Sm.) Ching and its related genera, namely Neocheiropteris Christ, Paragramma T. Moore and Platygyria Ching & S.K. Wu. The dendrogram of cluster analysis separated the plants into three groups at Gower similarity coefficient 0.75. Group 1 and Group 2 consisted of Neocheiropteris palmatopedata (Baker) H. Christ and four species of Platygyria, respectively. Group 3 was Neocheiropteris ensata Ching and two species of Paragramma deeply embedded in the Lepisorus s.s. Canonical discriminant analysis supported the classification inferred from the clustering results. Based on these results, Platygyria and N. palmatopedata should be recognized as distinct genera. On the other hand, N. ensata and the genus Paragramma should be merged to the genus Lepisorus. Keywords: Lepisorus; Paragramma; Platygyria; Cluster analysis; Canonical discriminant analysis. DOI: 10.3329/bjpt.v16i2.3924 Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 16(2): 99-113, 2009 (December)
Cytogenetical analysis of 12 taxa of <i>Genista</i> L. (Fabaceae) from Turkey
Authors: Martin Esra , Dinc Muhittin , Duran Ahmet , Dogan Bekir , Hakki Erdogan E. 
Published: January 2010

In this study, cytogenetical analyses of 12 taxa belonging to the genus Genista L. and grown naturally in Turkey were conducted. These taxa include G. acanthoclada, G. albida, G. anatolica, G. aucheri, G. burdurensis, G. carinalis, G. involucrata, G. januensis subsp. lydia, G. sandrasica, G. sessilifolia, G. tinctoria and G. vuralii. Chromosome numbers of all the taxa, except G. tinctoria, are introduced to the scientific community for the first time. Somatic metaphase chromosomes of the genus were determined as 2n = 18, 36, 46, 48, 52, 72 and 144. Polyploidy was observed in the cells of G. albida (2n = 18, 2n = 4x = 36), G. tinctoria (2n = 36, 48, 2n = 4x = 96), G. januensis subsp. lydia (2n = 46, 2n = 4x = 92), G. burdurensis and G. sessilifolia (2n = 48, 2n = 4x = 96). Somatic chromosomes of the G. sandrasica are very small, thus exact ploidy level of polyploidy was not determined. Karyotype analysis of G. albida and G. involucrata were performed via an Image Analysis System. Keywords: Genista; Leguminosae; chromosome number; karyotype; Turkey. DOI: 10.3329/bjpt.v16i2.3927 Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 16(2): 151-156, 2009 (December)
Taxonomic structure of the algal flora of Iran
Authors: Zarei-Darki B. 
Published: January 2010

Algal floristic work carried out in Iran between 1853 and 1981 have been reviewed and compared with the results obtained in a series of recent studies (2000-2007). Algal samples for the recent studies were collected mainly from different inland aquatic habitats. On the basis of data from published and the recent studies, the systematic list of algae shows the occurrence of 1304 species and 1559 infra-specific taxa in Iran. However, 1213 species (1443 infra-specific taxa) revealed from the recent studies included 812 species (979 infra-specific taxa) as new reports for Iran (63% of the total species recorded). Analysis on taxonomic structure of algal flora of Iran testifies its richness. The basic parameters of a regular diversification of flora, values of genera quotient, spectra of leading taxa confirm that the highest percentage is contributed by Bacillariophyta (43%) of the total number of specific and infra-specific taxa followed by Chlorophyta (25%), Cyanophyta (15%) and Euglenophyta (8%). On an interrelation among divisions of algae, the algal flora of Iran appeared to be closer to that of Turkmenistan. Keywords: Algal flora; Taxonomic quotient; Water body; Iran. DOI: 10.3329/bjpt.v16i2.3933 Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 16(2): 185-194, 2009 (December)
Natural Phthalate Derivatives from the Bacterium <i>Burkholderia cepacia</i> K87
Authors: Sultan M. Z. , Moon S. -S. , Park K. 
Published: January 2010

In continuation of our screening of antifungal active compounds from the fermentation extracts of soil borne bacteria Burkholderia cepacia K87 afforded three phthalate derivatives, dibutyl phthalate (1), dioctyl phthalate (2), and phthalate ester of alkylated 9-hydroxynonanoic acid (3). Compound 3 was reported first time. These phthalate derivatives were found to be marginally active or inactive against a number of bacteria and fungi. Keywords: Burkholderia cepacia K87; Phthalate; Antifungal. © 2010 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v2i1.2696 J. Sci. Res. 2 (1), 191-195 (2010)
Patellar Taping, Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome, Lower Extremity Kinematics, and Dynamic Postural Control
Authors: Aminaka Naoko , Gribble Phillip A. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Context: Patellar taping has been a part of intervention for treatment of patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). However, research on the efficacy of patellar taping on lower extremity kinematics and dynamic postural control is limited.
Objective: To evaluate the effects of patellar taping on sagittal-plane hip and knee kinematics, reach distance, and perceived pain level during the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) in individuals with and without PFPS.
Design: Repeated-measures design with 2 within-subjects factors and 1 between-subjects factor.
Setting: The University of Toledo Athletic Training Research Laboratory.
Patients or Other Participants: Twenty participants with PFPS and 20 healthy participants between the ages of 18 and 29 years.
Intervention(s): The participants performed 3 reaches of the SEBT in the anterior direction under tape and no-tape conditions on both legs.
Main Outcome Measure(s): The participants' hip and knee sagittal-plane kinematics were measured using the electromagnetic tracking system. Reach distance was recorded by hand and was normalized by dividing the distance by the participants' leg length (%MAXD). After each taping condition on each leg, the participants rated the perceived pain level using the 10-cm visual analog scale.
Results: The participants with PFPS had a reduction in pain level with patellar tape application compared with the no-tape condition (P = .005). Additionally, participants with PFPS demonstrated increased %MAXD under the tape condition compared with the no-tape condition, whereas the healthy participants demonstrated decreased %MAXD with tape versus no tape (P = .028). No statistically significant differences were noted in hip flexion and knee flexion angles.
Conclusions: Although patellar taping seemed to reduce pain and improve SEBT performance of participants with PFPS, the exact mechanisms of these phenomena cannot be explained in this study. Further research is warranted to investigate the effect of patellar taping on neuromuscular control during dynamic postural control.
Muscle Stiffness and Spinal Stretch Reflex Sensitivity in the Triceps Surae
Authors: Blackburn J. Troy , Padua Darin A. , Guskiewicz Kevin M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractContext: Greater musculotendinous stiffness may enhance spinal stretch reflex sensitivity by improving mechanical coupling of the muscle spindle and the stretch stimulus. This heightened sensitivity would correspond with a shorter latency and higher-amplitude reflex response, potentially enhancing joint stability.Objective: To compare spinal stretch reflex latency and amplitude across groups that differed in musculotendinous stiffness.Design: Static group comparisons.Setting: Research laboratory.Patients or Other Participants: Forty physically active individuals (20 men, 20 women).Intervention(s): We verified a sex difference in musculotendinous stiffness and compared spinal stretch reflex latency and amplitude in high-stiffness (men) and low-stiffness (women) groups. We also evaluated relationships between musculotendinous stiffness and spinal stretch reflex latency and amplitude, respectively.Main Outcome Measure(s): Triceps surae musculotendinous stiffness and soleus spinal stretch reflex latency and amplitude were assessed at 30% of a maximal voluntary isometric plantar-flexion contraction.Results: The high-stiffness group demonstrated significantly greater stiffness (137.41 ± 26.99 N/cm) than the low-stiffness group did (91.06 ± 20.10 N/cm). However, reflex latency (high stiffness = 50.11 ± 2.07 milliseconds, low stiffness = 48.26 ± 2.40 milliseconds) and amplitude (high stiffness = 0.28% ± 0.12% maximum motor response, low stiffness = 0.31% ± 0.16% maximum motor response) did not differ significantly across stiffness groups. Neither reflex latency (r = .053, P = .746) nor amplitude (r = .073, P = .653) was related significantly to musculotendinous stiffness.Conclusions: A moderate level of pretension (eg, 30%) likely eliminates series elastic slack; thus, a greater change in force per unit-of-length change (ie, heightened stiffness) would have minimal effects on coupling of the muscle spindle and the stretch stimulus and, therefore, on spinal stretch reflex sensitivity. It appears unlikely that differences in musculotendinous stiffness influenced spinal stretch reflex sensitivity when initiated from a moderate level of pretension. Consequently, differences in musculotendinous stiffness did not appear to influence dynamic joint stability with respect to reflexive neuromuscular control.
Ankle Bracing, Plantar-Flexion Angle, and Ankle Muscle Latencies During Inversion Stress in Healthy Participants
Authors: Kernozek Thomas , Durall Christopher J. , Friske Allison , Mussallem Matthew 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Context: Ankle braces may enhance ankle joint proprioception, which in turn may affect reflexive ankle muscle activity during a perturbation. Despite the common occurrence of plantar-flexion inversion ankle injuries, authors of previous studies of ankle muscle latencies have focused on inversion stresses only.
Objective: To examine the latency of the peroneus longus (PL), peroneus brevis (PB), and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles in response to various degrees of combined plantar-flexion and inversion stresses in braced and unbraced asymptomatic ankles.
Design: Repeated measures.
Setting: University biomechanics laboratory.
Patients or Other Participants: Twenty-eight healthy females and 12 healthy males (n = 40: mean age = 23.63 years, range = 19 to 30 years; height = 172.75 ± 7.96 cm; mass = 65.53 ± 12.0 kg).
Intervention(s): Participants were tested under 2 conditions: wearing and not wearing an Active Ankle T1 brace while dropping from a custom-made platform into 10°, 20°, and 30° of plantar flexion and 30° of inversion.
Main Outcome Measure(s): The time between platform drop and the onset of PL, PB, and TA electromyographic activity was measured to determine latencies. We calculated a series of 2-way analyses of variance to determine if latencies were different between the conditions (braced and unbraced) and among the plantar-flexion angles (α = .05).
Results: No interaction was found between condition and plantar-flexion angle. No significant main effects were found for condition or plantar-flexion angle. Overall means for braced and unbraced conditions were not significantly different for each muscle tested. Overall means for angle for the PL, PB, and TA were not significantly different.
Conclusions: Reflexive activity of the PL, PB, or TA was unaffected by the amount of plantar flexion or by wearing an Active Ankle T1 brace during an unanticipated plantar-flexion inversion perturbation.
Assessment Tools for Identifying Functional Limitations Associated With Functional Ankle Instability
Authors: Ross Scott E. , Guskiewicz Kevin M. , Gross Michael T. , Yu Bing 
Published: December 2009

Abstract

Context:
Assessment tools should identify functional limitations associated with functional ankle instability (FAI) by discriminating unstable from stable ankles.

Objective:
To identify assessment tools that discriminated FAI from stable ankles and determine the most accurate assessment tool for discriminating between FAI and stable ankles.

Design:
Case-control study.

Setting:
Research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:
Fifteen individuals with FAI and 15 healthy individuals; participants with unilateral FAI reported “giving-way” sensations and ankle sprains, whereas healthy participants did not.

Intervention(s):
Participants answered 12 questions on the Ankle Joint Functional Assessment Tool (AJFAT). They also performed a single-leg jump landing, which required them to jump to half their maximum jump height, land on a single leg, and stabilize quickly on a force plate.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Receiver operating characteristic curves determined cutoff scores for discriminating between ankle groups for AJFAT total score and resultant vector (RV) time to stabilization. Accuracy values for discriminating between groups were determined by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves.

Results:
The cutoff score for discriminating between FAI and stable ankles was ≥26 (sensitivity  =  1, specificity  =  1) and ≥1.58 seconds (sensitivity  =  0.67, specificity  =  0.73) for the AJFAT total score and RV time to stabilization, respectively. The area under the curve for the AJFAT was 1.0 (asymptotic significance &lt;.05), whereas the RV time to stabilization had an area under the curve of 0.72 (asymptotic significance &lt;.05).

Conclusions:
The AJFAT was an excellent assessment tool for discriminating between ankle groups, whereas RV time to stabilization was a fair assessment tool. Although both assessments discriminated between ankle groups, the AJFAT more accurately discriminated between groups than the RV time to stabilization did. Future researchers should confirm these findings using a prospective research design.