bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tenascin C and tenascin R similarly prevent the formation of myelin membranes in a RhoA‐dependent manner, but antagonistically regulate the expression of myelin basic protein via a separate pathway
Authors: Czopka Tim , Von Holst Alexander , Schmidt Gudula , Ffrench‐Constant Charles , Faissner Andreas 
Published: May 2009

AbstractMembrane formation and the initiation of myelin gene expression are hallmarks of the differentiation of oligodendrocytes from their precursors. Here, we compared the roles of the two related extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoproteins Tenascin C (Tnc) and Tenascin R (Tnr) in oligodendrocyte differentiation. Oligodendrocyte precursors from Tnr‐deficient mice exhibited reduced differentiation, as revealed by retarded expression of myelin basic protein (MBP) in culture. This could be rescued with purified Tnr. In contrast, when we cultured oligodendrocytes on a Tnc‐containing, astrocyte‐derived ECM, they barely expressed MBP. This inhibition could be overcome when we used ECM from astrocytes deficient for Tnc, suggesting that Tnc inhibits differentiation. In contrast to their antagonistic effect on differentiation, both Tnc and Tnr similarly inhibited morphologic maturation. When oligodendrocytes were cultured on the purified glycoproteins, process elaboration and membrane expansion were reduced. Both Tnc and Tnr interfered with the activation of the small GTPase RhoA. Conversely, RhoA and Rac1 activation induced by cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (CNF1) increased the formation of myelin membranes, whereas Y27632‐mediated inhibition of the Rho‐cascade prevented it without, however, affecting the fraction of MBP‐expressing cells. Because Tnc and Tnr play antagonistic roles for differentiation and comparably inhibit morphologic maturation, we conclude that independent molecular pathways regulate these processes. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Learning barriers: a framework for the examination of structural impediments to organizational change
Authors: Schimmel Remco , Muntslag Dennis R. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe body of knowledge on organizational learning is believed to be large and fragmented. Therefore, this knowledge seems to be of limited use to practitioners. We, however, present an alternative review of the most important publications on organizational learning that deals explicitly with learning barriers. The structural causes of problems with organizational learning are related to malfunctioning components of the cybernetic learning system of the organization. Thus, it became clear that the body of knowledge on organizational learning is less fragmented and does not contain any contradictions. This resulted in our construction of a framework in which the major contributions on organizational learning are integrated. It allows practitioners to use strengths of multiple theories to analyze change management problems. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Moving beyond a legal‐centric approach to managing workplace romances: organizationally sensible recommendations for HR leaders
Authors: Pierce Charles A. , Aguinis Herman 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe goal of this article is to encourage human resource (HR) leaders to think more strategically about managing workplace romances. The traditional legal‐centric management approach focuses on minimizing risks of workplace romances. We advocate embedding the legal‐centric approach within a broader and more strategic organizationally sensible approach that provides a balanced focus on minimizing risks and maximizing rewards of workplace romances. Drawing from the empirical workplace romance literature, we derive a set of organizationally sensible best‐practice recommendations that HR leaders can adopt to manage risks and rewards of romantic relationships in organizations. Implementing our more strategic recommendations should provide the added benefit of elevating HR professionals' roles as organizational leaders. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Adhesion and detachment characteristics of a TBAB hydrate solid on a heat transfer surface (Effect of concentration of TBAB solutions)
Authors: Daitoku Tadafumi , Utaka Yoshio 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn air‐conditioning systems, it is desirable that the liquid–solid phase change temperature of a cool energy storage material be approximately 10°C, with respect to improving the coefficient of performance (COP). Moreover, a thermal storage material that forms slurry can realize a large heat capacity of the working fluids. A solid that adheres to the heat transfer surface forms a thermal resistance layer and significantly reduces the rate of cold storage; therefore, it is important to avoid the adhesion of a thick solid layer on the surface so as to realize efficient energy storage. Considering a harvest type cooling unit, the force required for removal of the solid phase from the heat transfer surface was investigated. Tetra‐n‐butylammonium bromide (TBAB) clathrate hydrate was used as a cold storage material and the effect of the TBAB solution concentration on the scraping force required to detach the adhered TBAB hydrate solid from the heat transfer surface was experimentally examined. The TBAB hydrate solids were broadly categorized into two types, and the scraping force required for removal of these two types of TBAB hydrate solid was different. The scraping force required for removal of the solid increased due to the effect of increasing the concentration of the TBAB solution. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20254
Gaseous diffusion coefficients of methyl bromide and methyl iodide into air, nitrogen, and oxygen
Authors: Matsunaga Naoki , Hori Morio , Nagashima Akira 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe gaseous diffusion coefficients of methyl bromide (CH3Br) and methyl iodide (CH3I) into dry air, nitrogen, and oxygen have been measured in the temperature range 303–453 K and at atmospheric pressure via the Taylor dispersion method. Both for methyl bromide and methyl iodide, the diffusion coefficients do not vary in practice on substituting pure nitrogen or oxygen for dry air. The diffusion coefficients for methyl iodide are systematically smaller than those for methyl bromide by about 11%. For the methyl iodide‐oxygen system, the effect of the thermal decomposition of methyl iodide has been observed at 453 K. The present results can be reproduced well by the functional form D = ATB, where D (cm2s−1) is the diffusion coefficient at 101 325 Pa (1 atm) and T (K) is the absolute temperature. The constants A and B are as follows: methyl bromide‐(air, nitrogen, oxygen), A = 5.57 × 10−6, B = 1.76; methyl iodide‐(air, nitrogen, oxygen), A = 5.26 × 10−6, B = 1.75. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20255
TLR9‐dependent systemic interferon‐β production by intravenous injection of plasmid DNA/cationic liposome complex in mice
Authors: Yoshida Hiroyuki , Nishikawa Makiya , Yasuda Sachiyo , Mizuno Yumiko , Toyota Hiroyasu , Kiyota Tsuyoshi , Takahashi Rei , Takakura Yoshinobu 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe type I interferon (IFN) response to DNA/cationic liposome complex, or lipoplex, has been reported in cultured cells, but little is known about the response in vivo. Studies of the pro‐inflammatory cytokine response to lipoplex have shown the importance of the unmethylated CpG dinucleotide (CpG motif) and its receptor, Toll‐like receptor (TLR)‐9.MethodsCpG‐ and non‐CpG lipoplex consisting of CpG‐ or non‐CpG plasmid DNA, respectively, and N‐[1‐(2,3‐dioleyloxy)propyl]‐N,N,N‐trimethylammonium chloride/cholesterol liposomes were intravenously injected into mice. IFN‐β and interleukin (IL)‐6 in the serum and organs were measured by the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The involvement of TLR9, phagocytic cells and the spleen in the responses was evaluated using TLR9−/−, clodronate liposome‐treated‐, and splenectomized mice, respectively. Accumulation of blood cells in the lung was evaluated histologically.ResultsCpG lipoplex induced a large increase in the levels of IFN‐β and IL‐6 in the serum, liver, spleen, lung and kidney, whereas non‐CpG lipoplex scarcely had any effect. Neither formulation led to significant cytokine production in TLR9−/− mice. Clodronate liposome‐treated mice showed a large reduction in both IFN‐β and IL‐6 levels. Splenectomized mice receiving CpG lipoplex also showed a significantly low production of IL‐6 but a similar level of IFN‐β production to that of unsplenectomized mice. A large number of monocytes were found in the capillary vessels around the pulmonary alveoli of mice receiving lipoplex.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that, in contrast to the production of IL‐6 from splenic macrophages, IFN‐β is produced from phagocytic cells other than splenic macrophages after the injection of CpG lipoplex through the TLR9‐dependent pathway. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cardio‐pulmonary anatomy in theropod dinosaurs: Implications from extant archosaurs
Authors: Quick Devon E. , Ruben John A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAlthough crocodilian lung and cardiovascular organs are markedly less specialized than the avian heart and lung air‐sac system, all living archosaurs possess four‐chambered hearts and heterogeneously vascularized, faveolar lungs. In birds, normal lung function requires extensive, dorsally situated nonvascularized abdominal air‐sacs ventilated by an expansive sternum and specially hinged costal ribs. The thin walled and voluminous abdominal air‐sacs are supported laterally and caudally to prevent inward (paradoxical) collapse during generation of negative (inhalatory) pressure: the synsacrum, posteriorly directed, laterally open pubes and specialized femoral‐thigh complex provide requisite support and largely prevent inhalatory collapse. In comparison, theropod dinosaurs probably lacked similarly enlarged abdominal air‐sacs, and skeleto‐muscular modifications consistent with their ventilation. In the absence of enlarged, functional abdominal air‐sacs, theropods were unlikely to have possessed a specialized bird‐like, air‐sac lung. The likely absence of bird‐like pulmonary function in theropods is inconsistent with suggestions of cardiovascular anatomy more sophisticated than that of modern crocodilians. J. Morphol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spadefoot‐tadpole polyphenism: Histological analysis of differential muscle growth in carnivores and omnivores
Authors: Storz Brian L. , Moerland Timothy S. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractUnderstanding the evolution of phenotypic plasticities and the connections among the environment, genotype, and phenotype requires detailed understanding of the proximate mechanisms regulating morphological differences between phenotypes. Spea multiplicata tadpoles can develop into two different phenotypes, i.e. carnivores and omnivores, which differ in many morphological and behavioral traits. One of the major differences is enlargement of the jaw and tail musculature in carnivores relative to those of omnivores. We investigated pattern of muscle enlargement by measuring differences in myofiber number and cross‐sectional area between the phenotypes during early and mid‐development. The data show that both hyperplasia and hypertrophy underlie the carnivores' enlargement of both the orbitohyoideus jaw muscle (OH) and the tail muscle (TL). Carnivores had more OH and TL myofibers than did omnivores at all ages, but the rate of myofiber addition differed, by ∼9 and 17 myofibers per day respectively. Carnivores also had larger OH and TL myofibers than did omnivores, at many of the ages studied, and the rate of myofiber cross‐sectional area increase (log‐transformed myofiber cross‐sectional area plotted against age in days) was significantly greater for carnivores than for omnivores in the internal, but not the peripheral, regions for both the OH and TL muscle. J. Morphol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The impact of pet loss on the perceived social support and psychological distress of hurricane survivors
Authors: Lowe Sarah R. , Rhodes Jean E. , Zwiebach Liza , Chan Christian S. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAssociations between pet loss and posthurricane perceived social support and psychological distress were explored. Participants (N = 365) were primarily low‐income African American single mothers who were initially part of an educational intervention study. All participants were exposed to Hurricane Katrina, and 47% experienced Hurricane Rita. Three waves of survey data, two from before the hurricanes, were included. Sixty‐three participants (17.3%) reported losing a pet due to the hurricanes and their aftermath. Pet loss significantly predicted postdisaster distress, above and beyond demographic variables, pre‐ and postdisaster perceived social support, predisaster distress, hurricane‐related stressors, and human bereavement, an association that was stronger for younger participants. Pet loss was not a significant predictor of postdisaster perceived social support, but the impact of pet loss on perceived social support was significantly greater for participants with low levels of predisaster support.
Dunkl transforms and Dunkl convolutions on functions and distributions with restricted growth
Authors: Betancor Jorge J. , Molina Sandra M. , Rodríguez–Mesa Lourdes 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn this paper we investigate Dunkl transforms and Dunkl convolutions on R in some spaces of functions and distributions with exponential growth introduced by Hasumi [12] (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Commutators of generalized Hardy operators
Authors: Fu Zunwei , Lu Shanzhen 
Published: May 2009

AbstractLetHa,b be the commutator generated by the generalized Hardy operator and the CMO function. The (Lp, Lp) boundedness of Ha,b is discussed in this paper. Furthermore, the authors consider the boundedness of Ha,b on the weighted homogeneous Herz spaces (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Riemann–Stieltjes operators between α ‐Bloch spaces and Besov spaces
Authors: Li Songxiao , Stević Stevo 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWe study the following two integral operators
equation image
where g is an analytic function on the open unit disk in the complex plane. The boundedness and compactness of these two operators between the α ‐Bloch space Bα and the Besov space are discussed in this paper (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A note about stabilization in Aℝ(𝔻)
Authors: Wick Brett D. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIt is shown that for Aℝ(𝔻) functions f1 and f2 with
equation image
and f1 being positive on real zeros of f2 then there exists Aℝ(𝔻) functions g2 and g1, g1–1 with and
equation image
This result is connected to the computation of the stable rank of the algebra Aℝ(𝔻) and to Control Theory (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Central schemes for Ideal magnetohydrodynamics
Authors: Arminjon Paul , Touma Rony 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWe present second‐order accurate central finite volume methods adapted to three‐dimensional ideal magnetohydrodynamics problems. These methods alternate between two staggered grids, thus leading to Riemann solver‐free algorithms with relatively favorable computing times. The div·B = 0 constraint on the magnetic field is enforced with a suitable adaptation of the constrained transport method to our central schemes. Numerical experiments show the feasibility of the proposed methods and our results are in good agreement with existing results in the recent literature. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Validated simulation of kinematics and dynamics of multibody systems using interval and Taylor model based methods
Authors: Auer Ekaterina , Luther Wolfram 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we present an integrated environment for validated modeling and simulation of kinematics and dynamics of various classes of mechanical systems SMARTMOBILE (Simulation and Modeling of dynAmics in MOBILE: Reliable and Template–based) built on top of the non‐validated tool MOBILE. We outline the main features of SMARTMOBILE and its applicability area. The functionality of the new tool and the importance of the application of validated techniques are demonstrated. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Closest point projection in contact mechanics: existence and uniqueness for different types of surfaces
Authors: Konyukhov Alexander , Schweizerhof Karl 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn most contact algorithms especially in case of large deformations the closest point projection (CPP) procedure is necessarily involved in order to check the contact conditions. Despite the number of publications on numerical contact algorithms there are no complete results about existence and uniqueness of the CPP procedure for arbitrary surfaces. The current contribution is aimed to fill this void. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Absolutely stable explicit schemes for reaction systems.
Authors: Lee Chang‐Ock , Leem Chae Hun , Park Eun‐Hee , Youm Jae Boum 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWe introduce two numerical schemes for solving a system of ordinary differential equations which characterizes several kinds of linear reactions and diffusion from biochemistry, physiology, etc. The methods consist of sequential applications of the simple exact solver for a reversible reaction. We provide absolute stability and convergence of the proposed explicit methods. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
An optimal order finite element method for elliptic interface problems
Authors: Peichl Gunther H. , Touzani Rachid 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA specific finite element method for problems involving interfaces is presented. The method allows for non fitted meshes and is well adapted for elliptic problems with jumps of coefficients along a closed curve. Error bounds for the presented method show optimal convergence. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Preconditioned Krylov subspace method for the solution of least‐squares problems
Authors: Yin jun‐Feng , Hayami Ken , Bai Zhong‐Zhi 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWe consider preconditioned Krylov subspace iteration methods, e.g., CG, LSQR and GMRES, for the solution of large sparse least‐squares problems min ∥Ax – b ∥2, with A ∈ Rm×n, based on the Krylov subspaces Kk (BA, Br) and Kk (AB, r), respectively, where B ∈ Rn×m is the preconditioning matrix. More concretely, we propose and implement a class of incomplete QR factorization preconditioners based on the Givens rotations and analyze in detail the efficiency and robustness of the correspondingly preconditioned Krylov subspace iteration methods. A number of numerical experiments are used to further examine their numerical behaviour. It is shown that for both overdetermined and underdetermined least‐squares problems, the preconditioned GMRES methods are the best for large, sparse and ill‐conditioned matrices in terms of both CPU time and iteration step. Also, comparisons with the diagonal scaling and the RIF preconditioners are given to show the superiority of the newly‐proposed GMRES‐type methods. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Stability techniques in SIR epidemic models
Authors: Zaman Gul , Jung Il Hyo 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn biological communities interaction among different species affect their stability. In this paper, we consider a nonlinear SIR model, which describes the dynamics of the interaction between susceptible and infected individuals in population. We establish stability techniques to find out the equilibria for the model and their numerical results are given. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Impact fracture toughness and morphology of diatomite‐filled polypropylene composites
Authors: Liang Jizhao 
Published: May 2009

AbstractImpact fracture strength is an important characterization for impact toughness of materials. A polypropylene (PP) filled with diatomite with different diameter (5, 7, and 13 μm) was fabricated by means a twin‐screw extruder. The impact fracture strength of these composites was measured at room temperature to identify the effects of diatomite content and diameter on impact fracture strength of filled polypropylene composites. The results showed that the influence of diatomite on the notched impact strength was significant. When the volume fraction of the diatomite (ϕf) was less than 10%, the notched impact strength (σI) increased quickly with an addition of ϕf, and then the variation of σI was slight. The notched impact strength of the composite with the diatomite diameter of 7 μm is the highest when ϕf was 10%. Furthermore, the impact fracture surface was observed by using a scanning electronic microscope (SEM) to study the toughening mechanisms. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Blue electroluminescence from 3,6‐silafluorene‐based copolymers
Authors: Mo Yue‐Qi , Deng Xian‐Yu , Jiang Xi , Cui Qiu‐Hong 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPoly(3,6‐silafluorene) is a typical wide band‐gap conjugated polymer with ultraviolet light emission. The blue electroluminescence from the 3,6‐silafluorene‐based copolymers via intrachain energy transfer was reported in this study. The monomer containing vinylene, anthracene, and tri‐arylamine moieties incorporated into the poly(3,6‐silafluorene) backbone can form efficient deep‐blue emitting copolymers with EL efficiency of 1.1–1.9%. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 3286–3295, 2009
Highly stable re‐dispersibility of nanocrystalline TiO2 observed during anatase–rutile phase transformation
Authors: Li Yanting , Sun Xiuguo , Li Huiwan , Wei Yu 
Published: May 2009

AbstractTiO2 nanoparticles were prepared employing forced hydrolysis of titanium tetrachloride in an acid aqueous solution. We observed the highly stable dispersibility of TiO2 nanoparticles calcined at 600 °C and 700 °C in water. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) showed that the phase transformation from anatase (A) to rutile (R) occurred when the nanoparticles were calcined over 600 °C. Transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and Thermo‐gravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the phase transformation led to the formation of the better spherical particlesis, which were in favour of water adsorption onto the surface of the TiO2. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) data of particles calcined at different temperatures showed that the surface hydration forces impeded TiO2 particles aggregation and resulted in the high structural stability during A–R phases transformation. Zeta potentials of TiO2 nanoparticles calcined at different temperature showed the electrostatic forces were not crucial factors in the stable dispersibility. A model illustrated that the spherical particles of TiO2 allowed maintaining the high density of water on the surface of TiO2 nanoparticles. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)