bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An immunohistochemical study of p53 and PCNA in inflammatory papillary hyperplasia of the palate: a dilemma of interpretation
Authors: Kaplan I , Vered M , Moskona D , Buchner A , Dayan D 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE: Inflammatory papillary hyperplasia of the palate (IPHP) or the granular type of denture stomatitis, is a non‐neoplastic lesion characterized histologically by a significant epithelial hyperplasia and inflammatory infiltrate usually caused by trauma and Candida infection. p53 and proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) are cell‐cycle regulators, that when overexpressed, are considered by many investigators as markers of malignant transformation. The objective of this study was to investigate the immunodetection of p53 and PCNA in IPHP, and to correlate these results with the degree of epithelial hyperplasia and inflammatory infiltrate.MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 12 cases diagnosed clinically as IPHP, Candida was cultured from the denture base and the palatal mucosa. Lesions were biopsied and stained with H&E for histomorphometric analysis of the epithelial width and inflammatory infiltrate. PAS and Gram stains were used for screening of Candida. Sections were immunostained with DO‐7 for p53 and PC‐10 for PCNA. Fifteen palatal biopsies obtained from autopsies of edentulous subjects with normal palatal mucosa served as controls.RESULTS: All cultures of swabs from both the palatal mucosa and denture base were positive for Candida. Candidal hyphae could not be identified in PAS stained sections. Small foci of Gram‐positive organisms were found in two cases of IPHP. Epithelial width and inflammation were significantly higher in IPHP than in controls (P < 0.001). A three‐fold increase in positively stained cells for p53 and a two‐fold increase in positively stained cells for PCNA were seen in IPHP compared with controls (P < 0.001).CONCLUSION: Although a significant increase in the immunodetection of p53 and PCNA may indicate a malignant potential, IPHP has never been reported to undergo malignant transformation nor is it associated with cytologic signs of dysplasia. The increase in the epithelial width and inflammation degree is probably associated with the colonization of the denture bases with Candida organisms. The increased detection of p53 and PCNA can be a secondary effect of cytokines originating from both the inflammatory cells and the keratinocytes. Thus, immunodetection of p53 and PCNA by current immunohistochemical methods on archival tissues is neither specific nor sensitive enough to be used as indicators for malignant potential in the absence of cytolog‐ical dysplastic changes or genetic proof of mutated cell cycle genes.
Efficacy of topical mesalazine compared with clobetasol propionate in treatment of symptomatic oral lichen planus
Authors: Sardella A , Demarosi F , Oltolina A , Rimondini L , Carrassi A 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE:To compare topically applied mesalazine (5‐aminosalicylic acid) to topically applied clobetasol propionate in the treatment of patients suffering from symptomatic oral lichen planus.DESIGN:Randomized controlled longitudinal investigation.PATIENTS AND METHODS:Twenty‐five out‐patients suffering from oral lichen planus and referred to the Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine of the University of Milan, Italy, during the period January to August 1997. Patients were randomly allocated (Group A and Group B) to treatment with mesalazine 5% or clobetasol propionate 0.05%. The drugs were topically applied twice daily for 4 weeks. Discomfort and pain were evaluated by the patient before and after treatment using a Visual Analogue Scale from zero (no pain) to 10 (extreme pain). Results were statistically evaluated by a Mann‐Whitney U test.RESULTS:The two pharmacological regimens obtained partial and complete absence of symptoms. In particular, the mesalazine tested group disclosed 57% complete absence of symptoms, 21.3% partial response and 9% no response. No statistically relevant difference has been detected between the two regimens.CONCLUSIONS:The results of this preliminary study, if confirmed by further investigations, suggest that mesalazine might be considered an alternative to clobetasol propionate for treatment of symptomatic oral lichen planus.
Oral manifestations of idiopathic lenticular mucocutaneous pigmentation (Laugier‐Hunziker syndrome): a clinical, histopathological and ultrastructural review of 12 cases
Authors: Mignogna MD , Muzio L Lo , Ruoppo E. , Errico M. , Amato M. , Satriano RA 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE: To present a clinical, histopathological and ultrastructural study on a group of patients affected by idiopathic mucocutaneous pigmentation (Laugier‐Hunziker syndrome: LHS).MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve patients were investigated: clinical examination, laboratory tests, and X‐ray studies together with light microscopy and electron microscopy were performed in order to diagnose LHS.RESULTS: All cases showed acquired, benign, macular hyperpigmentation of buccal mucosa lips and nailS. Histologically, pigmentations are due to an accumulation of melanin in the basal layer keratinocytes and an increase in the number of melanophages in the submucosa and/or papillary dermiS. Ultrastructurally there were increased numbers of normal‐appearing melanosomes in keratinocytes of the lower epithelium. No evidence of malignant changes were detected.CONCLUSIONS: The importance of this condition relates to it being included in the differential diagnoses of pigmentary disorders of the oral mucosa with associated nail involvement. It is important to recognize this acquired benign disorder to avoid unnecessary investigations and treatments.
An immunohistochemical study of keratin expression in ameloblastoma from a Kenyan population
Authors: Ong'uti MN , Howells GL , Williams DM 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVES: Ameloblastomas appear to exhibit biological heterogeneity and, except in the case of malignancy, histological appearances that do not always allow their behaviour to be predicted. The aim of this study was to assess keratin expression in African ameloblastomas and to correlate this with their clinical and histological featureS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Expression of simple keratins 7, 8, 18 and 19; cornification keratins 1 and 10; basal and differentiation keratins 5 and 14 and hyperproliferation‐related keratins 6 and 16 in 14–39 cases of ameloblastoma was assessed by immunohistochemical methods.RESULTS: There was patchy expression of keratin 7 in the suprabasal and stellate reticulum‐like cells in some caseS. All cases showed similar weak expression for keratins 8 and 18 in suprabasal and stellate reticulum‐like cells but none showed keratin 1 or 10 expression. There was intense expression of keratins 5, 14 and 19 by all tumour cells suggesting that they may retain basal cell characteristics with a potential for proliferation. No consistent relationship was seen between histological types and keratin expression pattern. However, keratins 6 and 16, expressed by suprabasal and stellate reticulum‐like cells, showed a marked variation within and between cases, with the highest levels of expression in squamous strands.CONCLUSIONS: We propose that squamous strands may represent the sites of most active growth within individual tumours and expression of keratins 6, 16 and 19 may be predictors of rapid growth. There is a need for further investigation of this in longitudinal clinical studies.
The effect of saliva specimen collection, handling and storage protocols on hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA detection by PCR
Authors: Roy KM , Bagg J. , McCarron B. 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVES: Commercial assays can now be adapted to detect salivary anti‐hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies, increasing the potential of saliva as a non‐invasive diagnostic specimen suited to surveillance and epidemiological studieS. However, current diagnostic algorithms involve confirmation of HCV infection by RT‐PCR.Manipulation and storage conditions of serum can influence the stability of viral RNA. This study examined whether varying specimen collection, handling and storage protocols also affected subsequent HCV RNA detection by RT‐PCR applied to saliva specimenS. METHODS: Whole unstimulated saliva, together with saliva samples collected in two commercially available devices (Salivette™ and Omnisal™) were obtained from 50 HCV seropositive intravenous drug users. The specimens were subjected to a number of handling and storage conditions, including heat treatment and prolonged storage, then examined for HCV RNA by RT‐PCR using primers derived from the 5′ non‐coding region (5′NCR).RESULTS: HCV RNA was detected in saliva samples from 25 (50%) of the patientS. No single collection device or handling procedure identified all the subjects with HCV RNA positive saliva though whole saliva yielded the greatest number of positive results.CONCLUSIONS: Collection and processing of saliva specimens for RT‐PCR analysis is complex. At present, detection of salivary HCV RNA by PCR is not sufficiently sensitive for use as a diagnostic tool in epidemiological studies.
Association of HIV viral load with oral diseases
Authors: Baqui AAMA , Meiller TF , Jabra‐Rizk MA , Zhang M. , Kelley JI , Falkler WA 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE: The measurement of HIV viral load as a predictor of disease progression has revolutionized the medical management of HIV patientS. In this study, oral diseases as measured by DMFT (decayed, missing and filled teeth), periodontal assessment and oral Candida colonization, were related to HIV viral load. Also correlated was HIV status assessments, including CD4 count, a history of intravenous drug abuse (IVDA) and the use of protease inhibitor drugs.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Oral and periodontal examination, dental radiographs, and tongue swab for fungal culture was accomplished over a 2‐month period on 39 HIV positive patients attending the University of Maryland Dental School. Twenty‐eight (71.8%) of these patients had a history of IVDA.Viral load was measured by a quantitative RT‐PCR.RESULTS: Among the patients with high viral load (>10 000 copies ml‐1), 92.3% were found to have a history of IVDA.Also, patients with high viral load demonstrated average CD4+ counts of 136 mm‐3 while moderate viral load (400‐10 000 copies ml‐1) corresponded to average counts of 271 mm‐3.Periodontal pocket depths (PPD) of >5 mm at a minimum of two oral sites were found in 76.9% of the patients with high viral load. Among the high viral load patients, 69.2% had DMFT >20, 69.2% were culture positive for Candida and 81.5% of patients on protease inhibitors demonstrated moderate or low viral loads.CONCLUSION: These data demonstrated that elevated viral load levels correlate well with oral disease prevalence in this predominantly IVDA population of HIV‐infected dental patients.
Retrospective analysis of 31 cases of nasopalatine duct cyst
Authors: Vasconcelos RF , de Aguiar MC Ferreira , Castro WH , de Araújo V Cavalcanti , Mesquita RA 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE: To perform a retrospective analysis of patients with nasopalatine duct cysts (NPDC) in Brazil and compare with previous analyses.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The files of the Laboratory of Oral Pathology (Minas Gerais Federal University) from 1966 to 1997 were reviewed. Demographic, clinical and histologic data of patients with nasopalatine duct cysts were collected.RESULTS: The mean age of patients with nasopalatine duct cysts at the time of diagnosis was 37.4 years and with a predilection for males. The majority of cases were asymptomatic. Histologically, non‐keratinized stratified squamous epithelium alone or in combination with other epithelia was observed in 93% of the caseS. Recurrence was not recorded.CONCLUSION: The demographic, histopathological, radiographic, and clinical data of the NPDC in our series are similar to previous studies in other populations.
Periodontitis increases chemiluminescence of the peripheral neutrophils independently of priming by the preparation method
Authors: Fredriksson M , Gustafsson A , Åsman B. , Bergström K 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE: The aim was to investigate whether increased Fcγ‐receptor (FcγR)‐induced chemiluminescence (CL) from peripheral neutrophils in periodontitis could be due to increased sensitivity to non‐specific priming by the cell preparation.DESIGN: Two methods of preparation were used: (1) cells purified by density centrifugation and lysis of erythrocytes; and (2) cells in a leukocyte suspension obtained by lysis of erythrocytes alone.METHODS: Neutrophils from 17 subjects with periodontitis and pair‐matched healthy controls were studied by CL and flow cytometry (CD16, CD15 and CD11b).RESULTS: Higher CL was found in the purified neutrophils, indicating higher non‐specific priming by the Percoll density centrifugation. Priming with TNFα and lipo‐polysaccharide abolished this difference. The net effect of specific priming was significantly lower in the purified neutrophils, indicating a depletion of the priming sensitivity by the density centrifugation. Both preparations reduced CD15 in relation to whole blood, while there was no difference between the two methods in any of the membrane markers. Thus, in both preparations, lysis alone changed the membranes to the same extent. Both methods gave nearly the same relative CL increase in the periodontitis patients as in the controls.CONCLUSION: There was no difference between the neutrophils from patients and controls in sensitivity to non‐specific priming by the preparation method. The higher FcγR‐induced CL in patients with periodontitis is not related to such a non‐specific priming by density centrifugation.
Factors associated with periodontitis in an HIV‐infected Southeast USA study
Authors: McKaig RG , Patton LL , Thomas JC , Strauss RP , Slade GD , Beck JD 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVES: To determine the relationship of immunosuppression with measures of probing pocket depth (PPD), recession (REC), and clinical attachment level (CAL) in an HIV‐infected population from North Carolina (NC), a state in the southeastern United States (USA). DESIGN: Cross‐sectional study of HIV‐infected adults (n= 326) treated at the University of North Carolina Hospitals. Clinical medical record review and sociodemo‐graphic interview data were collected. Median age of study participants was 37 years (range 19–67). Males comprised 78% and Blacks 60%. Analyses were limited to those who were dentate (n= 316). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Main outcomes were cases vs non‐cases of notable PPD, REC, and CAL. Immunosuppression measured by CD4+ cell count μL was the exposure of interest. RESULTS: Defined cases of PPD (n= 148) were 2.6 (95% CI = 1.3, 5.3) times less likely to occur at CD4+ cells >200 than non‐cases, whereas, cases of REC (n= 94) were 2.8 (95% CI = 1.2, 6.6) times more likely to occur at that level of severe immunosuppression, controlling for confounders. CONCLUSION: Sub‐groups of persons with HIV experience a high burden of periodontitis where notable severity and extent of PPD, CAL, and REC were clearly evident at different stages of immunosuppression.
Comprehensive medical assessments for monitoring and improving the health of residents in aged care facilities: Existing comprehensive medical assessments coverage and trial of a new service model
Authors: Westbrook Johanna I , Georgiou Andrew , Black Deborah , Hordern Antonia 
Published: August 2010

Aim:  To measure comprehensive medical assessment (CMA) completions among aged care residents in Australia; and to report the outcomes of a CMA service trial.Methods:  A population‐based descriptive study of CMA completions using Medicare data; and a qualitative study of an intervention trial carried out at a 115‐bed residential aged care facility in Sydney, Australia. Fifty residents participated in the trial; 15 interviews were conducted.Results:  In 2008, less than 50% of Australian aged care residents had a CMA completed. The CMA service trial improved CMA data quality and accessibility. A substantial proportion of residents were found to have previously unidentified health problems that impacted on their health and quality of life.Conclusions:  CMA rates are low. New approaches to achieving higher CMA rates, utilising information technology, hold promise. Strategies for ongoing monitoring of care to follow‐up problems identified are required to achieve measurable improvements in residents' care and quality of life.
External Transaction Costs and Large‐scale Farming in Moscow Oblast   Coûts de transaction externes et agriculture à grande échelle dans la région de Moscou   Externe Transaktionskosten und landwirtschaftliche Großbetriebe in der Oblast Moskau
Authors: Svetlov Nikolai 
Published: August 2010

SummaryExternal Transaction Costs and Large‐scale Farming in Moscow OblastThe article addresses the reasons for the domination of large‐scale corporate farms in the Moscow oblast of Russia and concludes that high external transaction costs are likely to be an important determining factor. Over the nine year period studied, larger farms are shown to achieve higher performance. Increasing returns to scale, however, were not significant in explaining the superior performance of the larger farms. It is hypothesised that high external transaction costs due to lack of transparency in the milk market, typical of underdeveloped markets, give the larger farms a competitive advantage. Their search costs per unit of output are relatively low and they are able therefore to achieve higher farm‐gate prices for milk as a result. The results confirm the dependence of the farm‐gate milk price on farm size due to the presence of high transaction costs in the market of milk, the major output of the studied farms. The high performance farms were able to grow during the study period whereas the lower performing farms had limited growth capacity. A more competitive and transparent market environment along with improved infrastructure could lower transaction costs and entry barriers and provide opportunities for smaller scale corporate farms to compete more effectively.
Individual fitness versus whole‐crop photosynthesis:solar tracking tradeoffs in alfalfa
Authors: Denison R. Ford , Fedders James M. , Harter Barry L. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractDespite the optimism of some molecular biologists, natural selection among the wild ancestors of crops is unlikely to have missed simple genetic improvements that would consistently have enhanced individual fitness. Tradeoff‐free opportunities for further improvement of crop traits like photosynthetic efficiency or drought tolerance may therefore be elusive. Opportunities linked to acceptable tradeoffs may be abundant, however. Tradeoffs between individual competitiveness and the collective productivity of plant communities (e.g. those linked to height) have been key to past increases in yield potential. Solar tracking by leaves could involve such tradeoffs, if photosynthetic benefits to tracking leaves are outweighed by increased shading of leaves lower in the canopy. This hypothesis was tested using rotation in the horizontal plane to disrupt solar tracking in alfalfa. In sparse canopies, solar tracking increased net canopy photosynthesis, but rarely by more than 3%. As leaf area increased, solar tracking tended to decrease net canopy photosynthesis, despite edge effects in our 1‐m2 artificial communities, which probably exaggerated net photosynthetic benefits of tracking. Computer modeling suggested that the season‐long effects of solar tracking on community productivity can be negative. Solar tracking may have persisted, nonetheless, because individuals whose leaves track the sun increase shading of competitors.
SMOKING IN MILTON: FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH SMOKING IN AN ADULT COMMUNITY
Authors: de Hamel F.A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe factors associated with smoking in 80 per cent of an entire adult New Zealand community have been studied on two occasions exactly three years apart and compared with other studies. The smoking habits of a population are dynamic and there is today a very much higher proportion of young adult smokers, particularly women, than there was 15 years ago and this proportion is increasing. Cigarette consumption is associated with the father's smoking habit in the case of men and the mother's habit in the case of women; early school leaving age; being a member of a large family; being of lower socio‐economic level; the taking of oral contraceptives or any minor tranquilliser in the case of women; considerably greater alcohol consumption, especially beer, by either sex; preference for a brand of cigarette with a higher tar and nicotine content; and a tendency to inhale the smoke deeply. However it is shown that most if not all of these factors are interactive and not simple cause‐and‐effect relationships. Light smokers smoke proportionately much more at weekends than do heavy smokers and this is not directly attributable to varying opportunities to smoke during the week. Weight increases markedly when smoking stops and this is not due to a compensatory increase in alcohol intake. It is suggested that obesity, excess beer drinking, heavy smoking and anxiety may all be part of an identifiable tetrad of symptoms.
PRICE INDICES FOR AUSTRALIAN PUBLIC HOSPITALS
Authors: Schapper P.R. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryA price index for hospital inputs was presented for the period 1970‐71 to 1978‐79. For non‐labour inputs the CPI was found to be satisfactory. For labour inputs, a single labour price index was generally satisfactory for all States and a wide range of hospitals —although some exceptions were apparent. It was found that the deflator used by the Australian Bureau of Statistics has significantly underestimated the impact of inflation in hospitals.
IMMUNIZATION STATUS OF SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CHILDREN BY SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AND ETHNICITY
Authors: Roder David 
Published: August 2010

AbstractImmunization status is inferior among low socioeconomic groups and ethnic minority populations associated with South Australian primary schools.In general, the status of immunization appears to be particularly unfavourable for measles. Whereas parents reported that 78 percent of children had received some vaccine (or toxoid) since the fourth birthday, and 88 percent in the first year of life, only 51 percent were said to have been immunized against measles.
HEALTHCRAFT: A SELF‐CARE PROGRAM FOR THE MATURE AGES, ITS DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION
Authors: Darby D.N. , Cullen J. , Egger G. , Newman J. , Webster I.W. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis paper reports the development of a program designed to promote self‐care in health of those 50 years and over. Evaluation using self‐reported data shows that participants found the program rewarding. Also, their confidence in health matters increased. However, no significant improvement in a number of health related behaviours was demonstrated.