bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Palliative day care – a study of well-being and health-related quality of life
Authors: Andersson Svidén G , Fürst CJ , von Koch L , Borell L 
Published: April 2009

Aim The aim of the study was to study the outcomes of palliative day care, in terms of health-related quality of life and the emotional well-being of cancer patients participating in a palliative day care programme for a period of five weeks, compared with a group of palliative cancer patients not participating in day-care. Methods The day care sample comprised of patients in a palliative day care programme delivered in two different day care facilities. Participants in the comparison group were recruited from a palliative home care service facility. All patients had a cancer diagnosis. The participants were invited to respond to two questionnaires once a week for a period of five weeks; the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-30) and the Mood Adjective List (MACL). Results The participants in the day care group and the comparison group reported similar levels of perceived functioning and symptoms, as measured by the EORTC QLQ-30, with no significant differences between the groups. However, the day care group reported higher levels of emotional well-being as measured by the MACL than the comparison group reported, although these differences were not statistically significant.
IUHPE and social determinants of health: setting an action agenda
Authors: De Castro Freire Sara Bensaude , Manoncourt Erma , Mukhopadhyay Alok 
Published: April 2009

This commentary introduces the recently created IUHPE Global Working Group (GWG) on Social Determinants of Health, which provides a unique opportunity to bring a global health promotion response to the social inequalities that result from the unequal distribution of the social determinants of health. The two launch meetings of the GWG, which were held in the context of the conference `Closing the gap in a generation', enabled direct discussion and reaction with respect to the implementation of the WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health's (CSDH) recommendations. Over the course of these meetings the group identified five main areas of work to specifically focus on over the next 18 months, leading to the 20th IUHPE World Conference on `Health, equity and sustainable development'. The discussions also facilitated the revision of the GWG's terms of reference, as presented in this commentary (Global Health Promotion, 2009; Supp (1): pp. 89—92)
Injection of glycosylated recombinant simian IL-7 provokes rapid and massive T-cell homing in rhesus macaques
Authors: Beq Stéphanie , Rozlan Sandra , Gautier David , Parker Raphaëlle , Mersseman Véronique , Schilte Clémentine , Assouline Brigitte , Rancé Iann , Lavedan Pascal , Morre Michel , Cheynier Rémi 
Published: April 2009

AbstractInterleukin-7 (IL-7), the principal cytokine implicated in thymopoiesis and peripheral T-cell homeostasis, is presently under evaluation in human diseases characterized by persistent lymphopenia. Unexpectedly, before the eventual IL-7–driven T-cell expansion, all treated patients showed a profound T-cell depletion 24 hours after injection. The current study uses the rhesus macaque model to investigate the mechanisms involved in this IL-7–induced T-cell depletion. We identify a new critical function of IL-7 that induces massive and rapid T-cell migration from the blood into various organs, including lymph nodes, parts of the intestine, and the skin. This homing process was initiated after the induction of chemokine receptor expression by circulating T cells and the production of corresponding chemokines in target organs. Finally, we demonstrate that the IL-7–induced cell cycling is initiated within these organs before T cells migrate back into the bloodstream, indicating that T-cell homing is required for in vivo IL-7 function.
A modern nyelőcsősebészet és a késői funkcionális eredmények “többismeretlenes egyenlete” – MTA Doktori Pályázatr
Authors: Altorjay Áron 
Published: April 2009

AbsztraktAzonos típusú betegségek esetén ugyanolyan műtéti eljárást alkalmazva, anatómiailag ideálisnak mondható per primam sebgyógyulást követően a késői funkcionális eredmények sokszor mégsem azonosak. Ennek hátterét kutatva 637 nyelőcső- és gyomorműtét összesített adatait és a műtétek alatt nyert szövetminták biokémiai, hisztológiai és elektronmikroszkópos feldolgozásával nyert eredményeit értékeltük. Az antirefluxműtétek utáni panaszok egyik lehetséges okaként a refluxos LES izomban hypertrophiára jellemző anyagcsere-változást és enteralis ganglionitist találtunk. A Z-vonal endoscopos klippelésével, majd ezt követően kontrasztanyagos nyelésröntgennel és substractiós képelemzéssel sikerült a rövid oesophagus jelenlétét preoperative igazolni. Megállapítottuk, hogy refluxbetegségben a nyitott műtétre az ezredforduló után is szükség lehet, elsősorban az anamnaesisben szereplő felhasi műtétek, sikertelen nyitott vagy laparoscopos rekonstrukciók, illetve szövődményes reflux eseteiben. A cardia adenocarcinomáiban a daganatot határoló ép szövet és a daganat proteolyticus enzimaktivitásainak – AMAN, CB és DPP I – hányadosa prognosztikus értékkel bír, segítségével a neoadjuváns kemo-radioterápia indikációja felállítható. Az “Akiyama-gyomorban” az operációt követően jelentkező panaszok jól korrelálnak a myoelektromos paraméterekkel és a gyomor contractilis aktivitásával. Az elektromechanikus adaptáció folyamata a műtét utáni tünetek fokozatos regressziójában nyilvánul meg. A gastro-jejuno-duodenalis interpositio (GJDI) egy olyan “second best” műtéti megoldás, mely mind a korai Barrett-carcinomák, mind a pepticus stricturák miatt végzett limitált oesophagus resectiókat követően a jejunalis vagy colon-interpositiók technikai nehézségei estén kerül előtérbe.
A Pirandellian Perspective on Suicide
Authors: Elwood Thomas W. 
Published: April 2009

Suicide continues to be a major public health problem internationally. Nobel Laureate Luigi Pirandello wrote about the topic of suicide extensively in his various plays, novels, and short stories. This essay draws on these sources to portray the different kinds of unbearable situations in which individuals find themselves and where the only solution perceived to be of any value whatsoever is to commit suicide. Reference is made to the vicissitudes of Pirandello's own life as well as influences from literature and opera that helped to attract him to this topic. L'antro della bestia originaria acquatatta dentro a ognuno di noi—The Cave of the Primordial Beast Lurking inside Each of Us. (Appelbaum, 1994)
Large cation model of dissociative reduction of electrochromic WO3−x films
Authors: Hepel Maria , Redmond Haley 
Published: April 2009

AbstractStudies of dissociative reduction processes of electrochromic WO3−x films were conducted to: (i) evaluate their utility for electroetching and (ii) determine their fundamental mechanistic features to reduce or eliminate their occurrence in normal optical switching and modulation operation of WO3−x films. We have found that while the small intercalating cations stabilize WO3−x structure, the large nonintercalating surfactant cations (Et4N+, CtMe3N+) contribute to the dissociative reduction. While these cations do not affect WO3−x structure of anodically protected films (E &gt; 0.2 V), they cause surface lattice polarization on electron injection to the conduction band of WO3−x at lower electrode potentials, in the absence of intercalating cations. We have found that this process is limited to the surface and no structural damage occurs to the underlying film. The mechanistic aspects of the process have been discussed on the basis of experimental voltammetric and electrochemical quartz crystal nanogravimetric (EQCN) measurements and ab initio quantum mechanical calculations.
Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in the Rat
Authors: Mannie Mark , Swanborg Robert H. , Stepaniak Jolie A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThere are several diverse rat models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) that can be used to investigate the pathogenesis and regulation of autoimmunity against CNS myelin. The disease course of these models ranges from an acute monophasic disease with limited demyelination to a chronic relapsing or chronic progressive course marked by severe demyelination. These models enable the study of encephalitogenic T cells and demyelinating antibody specific for major neuroantigens such as myelin basic protein (MBP), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), or proteolipid protein (PLP), among other important CNS autoantigens. Overall, this unit provides an overview of common methods for induction of active and passive EAE, assessment and analysis of clinical disease, preparation and purification of myelin basic protein, and derivation of neuroantigen‐specific rat T cell lines. This unit also provides a brief discussion of the basic characteristics of these models. Curr. Protoc. Immunol. 85:15.2.1‐15.2.15. © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Bahiagrass
Authors: Altpeter Fredy , Agharkar Mrinalini , Sandhu Sukhpreet 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBahiagrass is a commercially important warm‐season forage and turf grass in the southeastern United States and other subtropical regions. Its popularity among ranchers and homeowners is attributed to persistence under drought, infertility, pest and disease pressures, mowing, and grazing. Bahiagrass has apomictic tetraploid and sexual diploid genotypes, both of which have commercially important cultivars. Development of improved cultivars by traditional breeding is limited by the genetic variability within diploid genotypes and the lack of genetic recombination in apomictic bahiagrass. Genetic engineering of bahiagrass is likely to contribute to the development of improved cultivars. Alternative genetic transformation protocols will be described. Apomictic bahiagrass is a preferred target for genetic transformation due to enhanced uniformity of seed‐derived progeny and transgene containment. Genetic transformation of apomictic cultivar “Argentine” has recently been successfully used to confer herbicide resistance, insect resistance, stress tolerance, and improved turf quality. Genetic transformation of bahiagrass is discussed with regard to crop improvement, risk assessment, and risk management.
Black Walnut
Authors: Michler Charles H. , Pijut Paula M. , Meilan Richard , Smagh Gurpreet , Liang Xiaoyu , Woeste Keith E. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBlack walnut (Juglans nigraL.), an important fine hardwood timber species in the eastern United States, is the subject of tree improvement efforts both by conventional breeding and bioengineering. This species is mostly used in production of fine furniture, paneling, moldings, and cabinetry. Traits such as tree height, trunk diameter, pin knots, and trunk taper can be improved by breeding and selection, but the addition of herbicide resistance, resistance to some diseases, wood color, and control of heartwood formation may more easily be achieved through bioengineering, especially when genes for these traits are not known to exist within the species' germplasm. This contribution describes efforts underway with black walnut breeding as well as initial efforts to insert marker genes through bioengineering. The author's current bioengineering work underway is directed toward achievement of herbicide resistance and reduction of sapwood. Commercial deployment of bioengineered trees in the United States will likely require control of flowering, elimination of marker genes, and scientific tests to determine potential risks. Future work will address these potential regulatory requirements.
Black Locust
Authors: Arrillaga Isabel , Segura Juan , Merkle Scott A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBlack locust (Robinia pseudoacaciaL.), a multipurpose nitrogen‐fixing leguminous forest tree, is among the most widely planted tree species in the world. In this review, available protocols for genetic transformation of the species are updated. The review describes both direct andAgrobacterium‐mediated methods for gene transfer using different explants, bacterial strains, and plasmids and selection agents. Regeneration methods and tests of transgene integration are also covered. Although phenotypically normal transgenic black locust plants have been obtained viaAgrobacterium tumefaciens‐mediated transformation, there are few reports describing engineering of the species with genes of potential economic importance. Thus the transformation challenge for the near future in black locust must lie in extending the established protocols to genes of interest such as those related to pathogen and pest resistance, yield improvement, manipulation of wood formation and phytoremediation.
Design of adaptive variable structure controllers for T–S fuzzy time‐delay systems
Authors: Wu Tai‐Zu 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn this paper, the adaptive variable structure control problem is presented for Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy time‐delay systems with uncertainties and external disturbances. The fuzzy sliding surfaces for the T–S fuzzy time‐delay system are proposed by using a Lyapunov function, and we design the adaptive variable structure controllers such that the global T–S fuzzy time‐delay system confined on the fuzzy sliding surfaces is asymptotically stable. One example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of our proposed methods. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nonvolatile Memory Concepts Based on Resistive Switching in Inorganic Materials
Authors: Mikolajick Thomas , Salinga Martin , Kund Michael , Kever Thorsten 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSolid state memories play an important role for the electronic systems used in today's information society. The classical approach of charge storage is expected to reach its physical scaling limits very soon. New storage effects are therefore receiving significant interest from industry and academia. In the paper we summarize recent results on resistive switching effects in inorganic materials obtained in the research groups of the authors. We discuss the implications of these results for the suitability of the investigated material systems as well as for the direction of further research.
Atomic Layer Deposition of High‐k Oxides of the Group 4 Metals for Memory Applications
Authors: Niinistö Jaakko , Kukli Kaupo , Heikkilä Mikko , Ritala Mikko , Leskelä Markku 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis paper reviews several high‐k ALD processes potentially applicable to the production of capacitors, concentrating on very recent developments. A list of the dielectric materials under investigation consists of the oxides of several metals, including the Group 4 (Ti, Zr, Hf) elements. The binary oxides of Group 4 metals, as well as their mixtures with other oxides, doped hosts, or multi‐layers in the form of nano‐laminates are of interest.Several examples of our recent results are shown, including possible ALD routes to materials not previously grown, as well as advances in process development.
Giant Electric Field Tuning of Magnetic Properties in Multiferroic Ferrite/Ferroelectric Heterostructures
Authors: Liu Ming , Obi Ogheneyunume , Lou Jing , Chen Yajie , Cai Zhuhua , Stoute Stephen , Espanol Mary , Lew Magnum , Situ Xiaodan , Ziemer Kate S. , Harris Vince G. , Sun Nian X. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMultiferroic heterostructures of Fe3O4/PZT (lead zirconium titanate), Fe3O4/PMN‐PT (lead magnesium niobate‐lead titanate) and Fe3O4/PZN‐PT (lead zinc niobate‐lead titanate) are prepared by spin‐spray depositing Fe3O4 ferrite film on ferroelectric PZT, PMN‐PT and PZN‐PT substrates at a low temperature of 90 °C. Strong magnetoelectric coupling (ME) and giant microwave tunability are demonstrated by a electrostatic field induced magnetic anisotropic field change in these heterostructures. A high electrostatically tunable ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) field shift up to 600 Oe, corresponding to a large microwave ME coefficient of 67 Oe cm kV−1, is observed in Fe3O4/PMN‐PT heterostructures. A record‐high electrostatically tunable FMR field range of 860 Oe with a linewidth of 330–380 Oe is demonstrated in Fe3O4/PZN‐PT heterostructure, corresponding to a ME coefficient of 108 Oe cm kV−1. Static ME interaction is also investigated and a maximum electric field induced squareness ratio change of 40% is observed in Fe3O4/PZN‐PT. In addition, a new concept that the external magnetic orientation and the electric field cooperate to determine microwave magnetic tunability is brought forth to significantly enhance the microwave tunable range up to 1000 Oe. These low temperature synthesized multiferroic heterostructures exhibiting giant electrostatically induced tunable magnetic resonance field at microwave frequencies provide great opportunities for electrostatically tunable microwave multiferroic devices.
Cluster of presumed organic dust toxic syndrome cases among urban landscape workers—Colorado, 2007
Authors: Boehmer Tegan K. , Jones Taylor S. , Ghosh Tista S. , McCammon Charles S. , Vogt Richard L. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackgroundOrganic dust toxic syndrome (ODTS) is an influenza‐like illness typically affecting agricultural workers exposed to organic dusts. In July 2007, Tri‐County Health Department investigated a cluster of acute respiratory illnesses among urban landscape workers with known mulch exposure.MethodsAn epidemiologic study of landscape workers was conducted. Employees were interviewed regarding illness and occupational exposures. Medical records were reviewed. Mulch samples were tested for fungi and endotoxins.ResultsFive (12%) of 43 employees experienced respiratory illness compatible with ODTS. Illness was associated with prolonged mulch exposure (≥6 vs. <6 hr/day; relative risk = 24.7; 95% confidence interval = 3.3–184.9). Mulch samples contained high levels of Aspergillus spores and endotoxin.ConclusionsContaminated mulch was implicated as the source of presumed ODTS among landscape workers, highlighting that ODTS is not limited to rural agricultural settings. Education of employers, safety officers, and clinicians is necessary to improve recognition and prevention of ODTS within urban occupational groups. Am. J. Ind. Med. 52:534–538, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Age estimation of archaeological remains using amino acid racemization in dental enamel: A comparison of morphological, biochemical, and known ages‐at‐death
Authors: Griffin R.C. , Chamberlain A.T. , Hotz G. , Penkman K.E.H. , Collins M.J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe poor accuracy of most current methods for estimating age‐at‐death in adult human skeletal remains is among the key problems facing palaeodemography. In forensic science, this problem has been solved for unburnt remains by the development of a chemical method for age estimation, using amino acid racemization in collagen extracted from dentine. Previous application of racemization methods to archaeological material has proven problematic. This study presents the application to archaeological human remains of a new age estimation method utilizing amino acid racemization in a potentially closed system—the dental enamel. The amino acid composition and extent of racemization in enamel from two Medieval cemeteries (Newcastle Blackgate and Grantham, England) and from a documented age‐at‐death sample from a 19th century cemetery (Spitalfriedhof St Johann, Switzerland) were determined. Alterations in the amino acid composition were detected in all populations, indicating that diagenetic change had taken place. However, in the Medieval populations, these changes did not appear to have substantially affected the relationship between racemization and age‐at‐death, with a strong relationship being retained between aspartic acid racemization and the morphological age estimates. In contrast, there was a poor relationship between racemization and age in the post‐medieval documented age‐at‐death population from Switzerland. This appears to be due to leaching of amino acids post‐mortem, indicating that enamel is not functioning as a perfectly closed system. Isolation of amino acids from a fraction of enamel which is less susceptible to leaching may improve the success of amino acid racemization for archaeological age estimation. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Age estimation from stages of union of the vertebral epiphyses of the ribs
Authors: Ríos Luis , Cardoso Hugo F.V. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis study attempts to fill a persistent gap in the literature by documenting the timing of epiphyseal union at the vertebral end of the ribs in a sample of modern Portuguese skeletons. The skeletal remains of 53 females and 45 males, between the ages of 11 and 30, were taken from the Lisbon documented skeletal collection. Individuals in the sample have been previously described as being representative of a middle‐to‐low socioeconomic segment of the early 20th century Lisbon population. Three anatomical locations were examined for epiphyseal union: the head, the articular tubercle and the nonarticular tubercle. The first epiphysis to show partial union is that of the nonarticular tubercle (females, 11–19 years; males, 11–19 years), followed by the epiphysis of the articular tubercle (females, 11–20 years; males, 16–20 years), and finally by the head epiphysis (females, 15–24 years; males, 16–22 years), which can still show incomplete epiphyseal closure at 25 and 24 years for females and males, respectively. A trend for earlier female maturation was observed, but the statistical tests only confirmed this result for some ribs and age groups. No directional asymmetry was found, but a significant fluctuating asymmetry was observed in all three epiphyses. A preliminary analysis showed that the asymmetric group of individuals in the study sample includes all the rural‐to‐urban migrants, relative to the symmetric group. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Asymmetric transfer hydrogenation catalyzed by a novel planar chiral N‐heterocyclic carbene–rhodium(I) complex
Authors: Jiang Ru , Sun Xiaoli , He Wei , Chen Hui , Kuang Yongqing 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA novel chelated ferrocene‐based planar chiral N‐heterocyclic carbene‐Rh(I) complex was synthesized by a simple method. It was applied to the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of prochiral ketones. Enantioselectivities of up to 67% ee were observed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self‐assembly and drug delivery behaviors of thermo‐sensitive poly(t‐butyl acrylate)‐b‐poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) micelles
Authors: Li Guiying , Guo Lei , Ma Songmei 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSelf‐assembly of thermo‐sensitive poly (t‐butyl acrylate)‐b‐poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PtBA‐ b‐PNIPAM) micelles in aqueous medium and its applications in controlled release of hydrophobic drugs were described. PtBA‐b‐PNIPAM was synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization and aggregated into thermo‐sensitive core‐shell micelles with regular spheres in water, which was confirmed by 1H‐NMR, fluorescence spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopic (TEM), and UV–vis spectroscopic techniques. The critical micelle concentration of micelles decreased with the increase of the hydrophobic components. The anti‐inflammation drug naproxen (NAP) was loaded as the model drug into polymeric micelles, which showed a dramatic thermo‐sensitive fast/slow switching behavior around the lower critical solution temperature (LCST). When the temperature was enhanced above LCST, release of NAP from core‐shell micelles was accelerated ascribed to the temperature‐induced deformation of micelles. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009