bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Cancer Survival Query System: Making survival estimates from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program more timely and relevant for recently diagnosed patients
Authors: Feuer Eric J. , Lee Minjung , Mariotto Angela B. , Cronin Kathy A. , Scoppa Steve , Penson David F. , Hachey Mark , Cynkin Laurie , Carter Ginger A. , Campbell David , Percy‐Laurry Antoinette , Zou Zhaohui , Schrag Deborah , Hankey Benjamin F. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Population‐based cancer registries that include patient follow‐up generally provide information regarding net survival (ie, survival associated with the risk of dying of cancer in the absence of competing risks). However, registry data also can be used to calculate survival from cancer in the presence of competing risks, which is more clinically relevant.METHODS:Statistical methods were developed to predict the risk of death from cancer and other causes, as well as natural life expectancy if the patient did not have cancer based on a profile of prognostic factors including characteristics of the cancer, demographic factors, and comorbid conditions. The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program database was used to calculate the risk of dying of cancer. Because the risks of dying of cancer versus other causes are assumed to be independent conditional on the prognostic factors, a wide variety of independent data sources can be used to calculate the risk of death from other causes. Herein, the risk of death from other causes was estimated using SEER and Medicare claims data, and was matched to the closest fitting portion of the US life table to obtain a “health status‐adjusted age.”RESULTS:A nomogram was developed for prostate cancer as part of a Web‐based Cancer Survival Query System that is targeted for use by physicians and patients to obtain information on a patient's prognosis. More nomograms currently are being developed.CONCLUSIONS:Nomograms of this type can be used as one tool to assist cancer physicians and their patients to better understand their prognosis and to weigh alternative treatment and palliative strategies. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Dynamic Response of Thin‐Film Semiconductors to AC Voltage Perturbations
Authors: La Mantia Fabio , Stojadinović Jelena , Santamaria Monica , Di Quarto Francesco 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA theoretical treatment of a Schottky barrier dynamic response is developed on the basis of a general model of a semiconductor with thickness comparable in length to the space charge region width. It is shown that, when the space charge region approaches the metal/semiconductor interface, the electric field at this interface, induced by the charge accumulated on the metal, becomes significant with respect to the electric field induced by the charge accumulated on the semiconductor. Under this condition, the total capacitance of the Schottky barrier becomes independent of the polarization potential and tends to the value ε/L, like in a pure dielectric insulator. The term thin film is intended to be with respect to the screening length, which is a function of the volumetric charge density. In amorphous materials the transition potential at which the semiconducting to insulating behaviour is observed is dependent on the frequency. An approximated analytical solution for the capacitance of the junction is calculated. The model for finite thickness semiconductors is successfully applied to the study of anodic Nb2O5, formed in phosphate buffer 0.5 M aqueous solution up to different formation potentials (namely 5, 10 and 20 V vs. Ag/AgCl). The finite thickness semiconductor model permits extrapolation to a general behaviour of the oxide in a wide range of frequencies, potentials and thicknesses, and identification of the electron transfer between adsorbed surface species and the conduction band of Nb2O5 at potentials near to the flat band value.
The Effect of Solvent on the Phase of Titanium Dioxide Deposited by Aerosol‐assisted CVD
Authors: Edusi Cynthia , Sankar Gopinathan , Parkin Ivan P. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractTitanium (IV) isopropoxide (TTIP) in methanol, ethanol, hexane, dichloromethane, and isopropanol solvents is used to deposit titanium dioxide thin films on glass and steel substrates at 550 °C using aerosol‐assisted (AA)CVD. X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectra of the as‐deposited films show that using methanol as the carrier solvent produces exclusively rutile films on steel, and predominantly rutile on glass substrates, while the use of the other solvents produces exclusively anatase phase on the steel under the same conditions. TiO2 is also deposited by AACVD from a mixture of ethanol and methanol solvents. As little as 15% of methanol in ethanol produces rutile as the predominant phase. Using a dye‐ink test, the titanium dioxide thin films produced with ethanol are shown to be more active photocatalysts than films produced with methanol. All the films show photo‐induced superhydrophilicity but, surprisingly, films stored in the dark have a water contact angle above 100°.
Antimicrobial Activity Against Hospital‐related Pathogens of Dual Layer CuO/TiO2 Coatings Prepared by CVD
Authors: Foster Howard A. , Sheel David W. , Evans Philip , Sheel Paul , Varghese Sajnu , Elfakhri Souad O. , Hodgkinson John L. , Yates Heather M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPhotocatalytically active films of TiO2/CuO grown by atmospheric pressure thermal (APT)CVD are investigated for activity against multiple antibiotic‐resistant pathogens namely, Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, vancomycin‐resistant enterococci (VRE), and a recent isolate of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), that have been shown to persist in the hospital environment. The bacteria are killed by UVA irradiation of the photocatalyst with a >5 log kill within 4–6 h except for the MRSA where a 2–3 log kill is obtained after 6 h increasing to >5 log after 24 h. There is antimicrobial activity in the dark which is enhanced by irradiation with fluorescent light. There is also activity at 5 °C under UVA, but activity is lower when fluorescent light is used for illumination.
Three novel simple beamforming algorithms for CDMA communication systems
Authors: Tavassoli Farhad , Abolhassani Bahman , Oraizi Homayoon , Zhou Chi 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARYTo apply a beamforming algorithm with a linear array ofNantennas in real wireless communication systems, two main issues should be addressed: Algorithm complexity and number of antennas. In this paper, we propose three simple beamforming algorithms for direct sequence code division multiple access systems. We first propose a new framework to obtain the updating equation for the weight vector using PCA. Then, using this framework, four different objective functions are used as examples to illustrate how to obtain new adaptive algorithms. We demonstrate that these objective functions lead to three novel blind algorithms, with two of them resulting in the same algorithm. Moreover, they have considerably low complexities, requiring only 2N–1 complex additions and either 2N+1 or 2Ncomplex multiplications for a single run. We evaluate the performances of these algorithms in estimating the angle‐of‐arrival of the desired signal and in producing the array beam pattern, and in alleviating the BER in Rayleigh fading and AWGN channels. In summary, these new beamforming algorithms obtained based on the proposed framework operate as blind algorithms, have low computational complexities, and offer desirable performances even ifNis restricted.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The prevalence and correlates of eating disorders among emergency department patients aged 14–20 years
Authors: Dooley‐Hash Suzanne , Banker Judith D. , Walton Maureen A. , Ginsburg Yarden , Cunningham Rebecca M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjective:This study describes the rates of eating disorders in patients who present to the emergency department (ED) for any reason and examines the relationship between eating disorders, depression, and substance use in these patients.Method:ED patients aged 14–20 years (n = 942) completed a computerized questionnaire. Analyses were conducted comparing individuals who screened positive for an eating disorder with those who did not based on demographics (gender, age, race, and public assistance), body mass index, substance use, and depression.Results:Sixteen percent of patients screened positive for an eating disorder. These patients were more likely to also screen positive for depression and substance use. Males accounted for 26.6% of all eating disorders, and no difference was seen in rates across ethnic or income groups.Discussion:Eating disorders are common amongst all patients aged 14–20 years presenting to the ED and are associated with high rates of psychiatric comorbidity. © 2012 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2012;45:883–890)
Tetra‐N‐silylated Bis(borylene)tetraaminoperylenes (“DIBOTAPs”): Synthesis, Structures and Photophysics
Authors: Martens Susanne C. , Riehm Till , Wadepohl Hubert , Gade Lutz H. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractSilylated N,N′;N″,N″′‐diborylene‐3,4,9,10‐tetraaminoperylenes (DIBOTAPs, compounds 1–4) were synthesized by treating 4,9‐diaminoperylenequinone‐3,10‐diimine (DPDI, 1 equiv.) with BH3–THF (2 equiv.), lithiation with n‐butyllithium (4 equiv.), and subsequent addition of the corresponding silyl chloride (4 equiv.). The structures of all compounds were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. In all cases, the perylene backbones are not completely planar. In general, local deviations from planarity are smallest within the central C6 ring [root‐mean‐square deviations (rmsd) range from 0.002 Å for 4 to 0.027 Å for 2·C6D6] and largest within the C3N2B rings [rmsd range from 0.05 Å for 4 to 0.096 Å for 2·C6D6]. The emission spectra of the DIBOTAP derivatives 1–4 in hexane as well as in THF are mirror images of the absorption spectra with Stokes shifts of about 10 nm. By variation of the steric demand of the silyl groups, the luminescence quantum yields could be further influenced. The exchange of all three methyl groups with ethyl (compound 1) or isopropyl (compound 2) substituents resulted in a significant increase in quantum yields with values of 92 % and 89 %, respectively. The observed fluorescence decay is monoexponential for all dyes with typical lifetimes of 5.5–6.6 ns.
A Facile, Versatile, and Mild Morita–Baylis–Hillman‐Type Reaction for the Modular One‐Pot Synthesis of Highly Functionalized MBH Adducts
Authors: Sousa Bruno A. , Dos Santos Alcindo A. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractMorita–Baylis–Hillman derivatives have been extensively investigated as intermediates in the preparation of important classes of compounds. However, there are intrinsic limitations regarding the structure of the Michael electrophile acceptors, the aldehydes, and the catalysts. Therefore, this transformation has several drawbacks, including, for example, its long reaction times. Herein we present a simple, general, fast, and high‐yielding protocol for the one‐pot synthesis of Morita–Baylis–Hillman derivatives. Our approach is driven by a lithium selenolate Michael/aldol operation with concomitant O‐functionalization/selenoxide elimination cascade sequences.
Uncovering the source of new benzodiazepine prescriptions in community‐dwelling older adults’
Authors: Halme Alex S. , Beland Sarah‐Gabrielle , Preville Michel , Tannenbaum Cara 
Published: May 2012

ObjectiveInitiatives to reduce benzodiazepine use have been largely unsuccessful despite strong associations with adverse outcomes. Curtailing incident use of benzodizepines is an alternate strategy that has yet to be explored. This study aims to determine the source of incident benzodiazepine prescriptions by comparing the risk of receiving a new prescription upon hospital discharge versus after an ambulatory care clinic visit.MethodsData were derived from 1189 community‐dwelling adults aged 65 years naive to benzodiazepine consumption, enrolled in the Étude sur la Santé des Ainés, a prospective 3‐year cohort study conducted in Québec, Canada. Health survey questionnaires were linked with provincial administrative databases of prescription and health service claims. Analysis with multivariate Poisson regression models compared the risk of incident benzodiazepine use post‐hospitalization versus after an ambulatory care visit. Models were adjusted for sex, age, antidepressant use, and concomitant drugs. Sub‐analyses were conducted for chronic prescriptions.ResultsIncident benzodiazepine use was 11% over a 2‐year period, with 18.3% of prescriptions leading to chronic use (> 90 days). Hospitalization conferred a 2.7‐fold greater risk of incident use than an outpatient visit (OR 2.66, 95% CI 1.78–3.98) and a 4.7‐fold (OR 4.74, 95% CI 1.63–13.78) increased risk of chronic use, after adjusting for potential confounders. Despite the increased risk, only 13% of new prescriptions originated post‐hospital discharge, with the remainder prescribed during outpatient visits.ConclusionInterventions are required to curb incident benzodiazepine prescriptions at their source both in hospitals and in ambulatory care settings. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of Driver and Secondary Task Characteristics on Lane Change Test Performance
Authors: Rodrick David , Bhise Vivek , Jothi Vaithianathan 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe main objective of this study was to examine the sensitivity of the Lane Change Test (LCT) as proposed by International Organization of Standardization by evaluating LCT performance between primary and dual‐task conditions in simulated driving conditions. The study involved four different secondary tasks that involved tracking, visual search, memory, and data entry, each under two different difficulty levels. The primary task involved a series of lane changes on a three‐lane straight roadway where the actual lane change trajectory was compared with a normative model of the trajectory. Thus, the lane change performance was measured by the mean deviation of the actual driving trajectory from the normative trajectory. Twenty‐four participants within three age groups (25–34, 35–45, and >55 years) and equally distributed between male and female took part in the study. Thus, the study also investigated the effect of age and gender on driving performance. The results showed that secondary tasks that require visual attention and psychomotor coordination deteriorated driving performance the most, whereas tasks that required memory scanning and utilization of the auditory modality least affected driving performance. The study also found differences in LCT performances with respect to three different age categories and gender. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interplay between grain structure and protein adsorption on functional response of osteoblasts: Ultrafine‐grained versus coarse‐grained substrates
Authors: Misra R. D. K. , Nune C. , Pesacreta T. C. , Somani M. C. , Karjalainen L. P. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe rapid adsorption of proteins is the starting and primary biological response that occurs when a biomedical device is implanted in the physiological system. The biological response, however, depends on the surface characteristics of the device. Considering the significant interest in nano‐/ultrafine surfaces and nanostructured coatings, we describe here, the interplay between grain structure and protein adsorption (bovine serum albumin: BSA) on osteoblasts functions by comparing nanograined/ultrafine‐grained (NG/UFG) and coarse‐grained (CG: grain size in the micrometer range) substrates by investigating cell–substrate interactions. The protein adsorption on NG/UFG surface was beneficial in favorably modulating biological functions including cell attachment, proliferation, and viability, whereas the effect was less pronounced on protein adsorbed CG surface. Additionally, immunofluorescence studies demonstrated stronger vinculin signals associated with actin stress fibers in the outer regions of the cells and cellular extensions on protein adsorbed NG/UFG surface. The functional response followed the sequence: NG/UFGBSA > NG/UFG > CGBSA > CG. The differences in the cellular response on bare and protein adsorbed NG/UFG and CG surfaces are attributed to cumulative contribution of grain structure and degree of hydrophilicity. The study underscores the potential advantages of protein adsorption on artificial biomedical devices to enhance the bioactivity and regulate biological functions. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 101A:1–12, 2013.
Iron overload potentiates diet‐induced hypercholesterolemia and reduces liver ppar‐α expression in hamsters
Authors: Bonomo Larissa de Freitas , Silva Maísa , Oliveira Riva de Paula , Silva Marcelo Eustáquio , Pedrosa Maria Lucia 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIron stores and lipids are related to the development of cardiovascular disease. Given that peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha (PPAR‐α) regulates important physiological processes that impact lipid and glucose homeostasis, we decided to investigate the effects of iron overload on serum lipids and the liver expression of PPAR‐α, 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, and cholesterol 7α‐hydroxylase. Hamsters were divided into four groups. The standard group (S) was fed the AIN‐93M diet, the SI group was fed the diet and iron injections, the hypercholesterolemic group (H) was fed a standard diet containing cholesterol, and the HI group was fed a high‐cholesterol diet and iron injections. Serum cholesterol in the HI group was higher than in the H group. Gene expression analysis of PPAR‐α showed that the HI group had a lower PPAR‐α expression than H. These data show that iron, when associated with a high‐fat diet, can cause increased serum cholesterol levels, possibly due to a reduction in PPAR‐α expression. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 26:224–229, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.21410
Molecule‐specific determination of atomic polarizabilities with the polarizable atomic multipole model
Authors: Woo Kim Hyun , Rhee Young Min 
Published: May 2012

AbstractRecently, many polarizable force fields have been devised to describe induction effects between molecules. In popular polarizable models based on induced dipole moments, atomic polarizabilities are the essential parameters and should be derived carefully. Here, we present a parameterization scheme for atomic polarizabilities using a minimization target function containing both molecular and atomic information. The main idea is to adopt reference data only from quantum chemical calculations, to perform atomic polarizability parameterizations even when relevant experimental data are scarce as in the case of electronically excited molecules. Specifically, our scheme assigns the atomic polarizabilities of any given molecule in such a way that its molecular polarizability tensor is well reproduced. We show that our scheme successfully works for various molecules in mimicking dipole responses not only in ground states but also in valence excited states. The electrostatic potential around a molecule with an externally perturbing nearby charge also exhibits a near‐quantitative agreement with the reference data from quantum chemical calculations. The limitation of the model with isotropic atoms is also discussed to examine the scope of its applicability. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spinor product computations for protein conformations
Authors: Chys Pieter , Chacón Pablo 
Published: May 2012

AbstractSpinor operators in geometric algebra (GA) can efficiently describe conformational changes of proteins by ordered products that act on individual bonds and represent their net rotations. Backward propagation through the protein backbone yields all rotational spinor axes in advance allowing the efficient computation of atomic coordinates from internal coordinates. The introduced mathematical framework enables to efficiently manipulate and generate protein conformations to any arbitrary degree. Moreover, several new formulations in the context of rigid body motions are added. Emphasis is placed on the intimate relationship between spinors and quaternions, which can be recovered from within the GA approach. The spinor methodology is implemented and tested versus the state of the art algorithms for both protein construction and coordinate updating. Spinor calculations have a smaller computational cost and turn out to be slightly faster than current alternatives. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On the Choice Number of Packings
Authors: Omidi G. R. , Shahsiah M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn this note, we show that for positive integers s and k, there is a function such that every t‐ packing with at least edges, , has choice number greater than s. Consequently, for integers s, k, t, and λ there is a such that every t‐ design with has choice number greater than s. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Combin. Designs 20: 504‐507, 2012
Generating Uniformly Distributed Random 2‐Designs with Block Size 3
Authors: Drizen Andy L. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractJacobson and Matthews introduced the most hopeful method known for efficiently generating uniformly distributed random Latin squares. Cameron conjectures that the same Markov chain will also generate all of the other generalized 2‐designs with block size 3 uniformly at random. For a generalization of Latin squares, we give an affirmative result for any admissible parameter values. We also give the first insight and analysis into a generalization of the 1‐factorization of the complete graph by giving an affirmative result for some admissible parameter values. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Combin. Designs 20: 368–380, 2012
Average Degree in Graph Powers
Authors: DeVos Matt , McDonald Jessica , Scheide Diego 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe kth power of a simple graph G, denoted by , is the graph with vertex set where two vertices are adjacent if they are within distance k in G. We are interested in finding lower bounds on the average degree of . Here we prove that if G is connected with minimum degree and , then G4 has average degree at least . We also prove that if G is a connected d‐regular graph on n vertices with diameter at least , then the average degree of is at least

urn:x-wiley:03649024:jgt21628:equation:jgt21628-math-0009Both these results are shown to be essentially best possible; the second is best possible even when is arbitrarily large.
Antimagic Properties of Graphs with Large Maximum Degree
Authors: Yilma Zelealem B. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAn antimagic labeling of a graph with m edges and n vertices is a bijection from the set of edges to the integers such that all n vertex sums are pairwise distinct, where a vertex sum is the sum of labels of all edges incident with the same vertex. A graph is called antimagic if it has an antimagic labeling. In this article, we discuss antimagic properties of graphs that contain vertices of large degree. We also show that graphs with maximum degree at least are antimagic.