bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Cuprorivaite Nanoparticles on the Physicomechanical and Biological Performance of 3D‐Printed Scaffold Based on Carboxymethyl Chitosan Combined With Zein for Bone Tissue Engineering
Authors: Ansari Mojtaba , Eslami Hossein , Karimi Abolfazl , Dehestani Akram , Razmaein Mohammad Reza , Ghanbari Fatemeh 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study demonstrates a new degradable 3D‐printed carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC)/zein bone scaffold loaded with different content of cuprorivaite (Cup) nanoparticles which labeled as CMCS/Z/Cup. Only a few studies have utilized these components to fabricate a three‐component porous osteogenic scaffold. The aim of this study was to comprehensively assess the mechanical and biocompatibility of the nanocomposite which synthesized by 3D printing method. For this purpose, the Cup powder was initially synthesized through sol–gel process and its confirmation was proved using techniques such as X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Then, three CMC/Z scaffolds were made with different Cup contents: group A (0 wt.% Cup), group B (2.5 wt.% Cup) and group C (5 wt.% Cup). The scaffolds were well‐ordered microporous with a high porosity and pore connectivity, as observed by morphological analysis by SEM. Additionally, the pore size of group B was more homogeneous than that of groups A and C. There were no significance differences in physicochemical characterization among the three groups. Mechanical properties analysis showed that values of compression modulus are significantly increased with addition of 2.5% Cup nanoparticles into CMCS/zein matrix, from 1.2 to 9.6 MPa. The incorporation of Cup nanoparticles into CMCS along with zein can provide a suitable substrate for the growth of osteoblast cells after implantation, as indicated by the results of in vitro degradation. The scaffolds were cultured in vitro with MG‐63 cells, showing that cell viability increased with the Cup content, 95%, 105%, and 110% for the pure polymeric scaffold, and scaffolds reinforced with 2.5% and 5% Cup, respectively. As a result, the scaffolds designed in this study possess the ability to be used in bone tissue engineering due to having characteristics similar to natural bone.
A Comprehensive Review on Health Benefits of Fructooligosaccharides
Authors: Atta Asia , Sharif Sumaira , Haroon Kainat , Rasheed Musarrat , Menon Soumya V. , Balaji Jadhav , Jain Bhavik , Jameel Qaswaa Yousif , Shah Mohd Asif 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTShort‐chain carbohydrates are primarily made up of fructose molecules; fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are referred to as prebiotics and are renowned for their potential beneficial effects on health. Since they are inedible fibers, FOS go through the upper digestive tract nearly undisturbed while entering the colon, where they offer food to beneficial gut bacteria, such as Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria. This method supports digestive health and improves immunity by maintaining an optimal gut microbiome. Based on studies, through establishing an optimal gut environment, FOS can reduce the risk of several digestive disorders, particularly inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), constipation, and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). FOS has shown potential for improving metabolic health along with digestive health. They can help regulate weight and reduce the risk of diabetes due to their low caloric content and ability to regulate blood glucose levels. This review will contribute to the development of more focused and effective applications of FOS in health and medicine by identifying the areas of research gaps and suggesting future directions.
Study on the Physical, Chemical and Radioactive Gas—Radon (222Rn) Exhalation Properties of Bleached Sandstone in the Northeast Edge of the Ordos Basin
Authors: Hu Xin , Sun Qiang , Wu Jiakun , Wei Shaoni , Du Beichen , Ding Xiaoying , Geng Jishi 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe northeast margin of Ordos Basin, China has a large area with ‘bleached sandstone’, a unique rock characterised by a low diagenetic degree and poor cementation degree. Long‐term wind and hydraulic erosion have led to significant soil erosion, vegetation degradation and low ecological carrying capacity in this region, with huge amounts of sediments being transported to the Yellow River. Therefore, it is critical to investigate the weathering mechanism and physicochemical characteristics of bleached sandstone. In this study, the pore structure, elemental composition, mineral composition and radon exhalation characteristics of the bleached sandstone were analysed using low‐temperature nitrogen adsorption instrument, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer, polarising microscope and environmental radon detector, respectively. Moreover, the physicochemical characteristics of the bleached sandstone were analysed to determine the correlation among them. The results demonstrated that the degree of pore development in bleached sandstone is significantly higher than that in original rock, and the content of mesopores of size from 2 to 50 nm is the highest. These pores were found to be predominantly slit pores with parallel plate structure. The mineral composition is primarily quartz, feldspar, clay minerals and muscovite, with quartz being the highest. Quartz and feldspar exhibited significant weathering, broken crystals and more impurities. A large amount of biotite was altered to form muscovite. The intergranular spaces of bleached sandstone are filled with heterobase, primarily composed of clay minerals. Additionally, clay minerals formed a ring band structure around the particle skeleton. Bleached sandstone was found to be rich in P, Ba, Mn, Sr, Zr and other elements, with Ba showing the highest proportion. The bleached sandstone is enriched in toxic elements Be, As, Cd, Sb, Hg, Tl and 238U compared with the original rock, indicating that the latter has a certain degree of adsorption. Among them, Be has the highest enrichment degree. Moreover, it is enriched with light rare earth and deficient in heavy rare earth. δEu and δCe exhibit a slight deficiency. Although the rate of radon exhalation in bleached sandstone is low, it is higher than that of the original rock. The high porosity and micropore content can promote radon exhalation. High 238U content can enhance radon generation, which exhibited a positive correlation with radon exhalation rate. The research results can provide a reference for ecological management, development and utilisation of bleached sandstone in this region.
Late Palaeozoic Tectonics and Crustal Growth in the Eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt: Insights From Newly Discovered Volcanic Rocks on the Northern Margin of the North China Block
Authors: Wang Shijie , Zhang Xiaoni , Dong Xiaojie , Xu Zhongyuan , Feng Fan , Chang Jianlin 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the Late Palaeozoic accretionary processes responsible for the formation of the eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) is crucial for unravelling continental growth mechanisms in this region. This study systematically investigates newly identified volcanic rocks in the northern margin of the North China Block (NCB) and Bainaimiao Arc Belt (BAB), aiming to elucidate their petrogenesis, tectonic setting and implications for the evolution of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean (PAO). Zircon U–Pb dating reveals that these volcanic rocks were emplaced between 278 and 260 Ma. The intermediate‐mafic volcanic rocks exhibit typical subduction‐related geochemical signatures, including low TiO₂ contents, enrichment in Rb, Ba, U, K, Pb and Sr., and depletion in Nb and Ta, reflecting derivation from a subduction‐modified lithospheric mantle. The acidic volcanic rocks, characterised by high SiO₂ and Al₂O₃ contents and pronounced negative Eu anomalies, are interpreted as products of partial melting of the lower continental crust with fractional crystallisation. The εHf(t) values range from highly positive in the BAB region to lower values in the NCB, highlighting the incorporation of juvenile crustal material in the north and ancient crustal components in the south. Geochemical and isotopic evidence suggests that the volcanic rocks formed in an Andean‐type continental arc during the southward subduction of the PAO beneath the northern margin of the NCB. After 260 Ma, the tectonic setting transitioned to an extensional environment, as reflected in the geochemistry of younger intraplate granites. These findings suggest that the PAO continued subduction until the Late Permian, followed by slab break‐off and post‐collisional extension. The crustal thickening (40–66 km) and widespread magmatism indicate significant juvenile crustal growth during the Middle to Late Permian. Combined with regional tectonic data, this study provides critical insights into the geodynamic processes driving crustal evolution in the eastern CAOB.
Contribution of Glutamatergic and GABAergic Mechanisms to the Plasticity‐Modulating Effects of Dopamine in the Human Motor Cortex
Authors: Ghanavati Elham , Salehinejad Mohammad Ali , Beaupain Marie C. , Melo Lorena , Frese Amba , Kuo Min‐Fang , Nitsche Michael A. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTDopamine, a key neuromodulator in the central nervous system, regulates cortical excitability and plasticity by interacting with glutamate and GABA receptors, which are affected by dopamine receptor subtypes (D1‐ and D2‐like). Non‐invasive brain stimulation techniques can induce plasticity and monitor cortical facilitation and inhibition in humans. In a randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blinded study, we investigated how dopamine and D1‐ and D2‐like receptors impact transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)‐induced plasticity concerning glutamatergic and GABAergic mechanisms. Eighteen healthy volunteers received 1 mA anodal (13 min) and cathodal tDCS (9 min) over the left motor cortex combined with the dopaminergic agents l‐dopa (general dopamine activation), bromocriptine (D2‐like receptor agonist), combined D2 antagonism via sulpiride and general dopaminergic activation via l‐dopa to activate D1‐like receptors, and placebo medication. Glutamate‐related cortical facilitation and GABA‐related cortical inhibition were monitored using transcranial magnetic stimulation techniques, including I–O curve, intracortical facilitation (ICF), short‐interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), and I‐wave facilitation protocols. Our results indicate that anodal tDCS alone enhanced the I–O curve and ICF while decreasing SICI. Conversely, cathodal tDCS decreased the I‐O curve and ICF while increasing SICI. General dopamine and D2 receptor activation combined with anodal tDCS decreased the I‐O curve and ICF, but enhanced SICI compared to tDCS alone. When paired with cathodal tDCS, general dopamine and D2‐like receptor activity enhancement prolonged the cathodal tDCS effect on excitability. After anodal tDCS, D1‐like receptor activation increased the I‐O curve and ICF while reducing SICI. These effects were abolished with cathodal tDCS. Dopaminergic substances combined with anodal and cathodal tDCS did not have a significant effect on I‐wave facilitation. These results suggest that D1‐like receptor activation enhanced LTP‐like plasticity and abolished LTD‐like plasticity via glutamatergic NMDA receptor enhancement, while global dopaminergic and D2‐like receptor enhancement weakened LTP‐like but strengthened LTD‐like plasticity primarily via glutamatergic NMDA receptor activity diminution.
A Simple, Cost‐Effective Microfluidic Device Using a 3D Cross‐Flow T‐Junction for Producing Decellularized Extracellular Matrix‐Derived Microcarriers
Authors: Kamar Farah , Gillis Connor J. , Bischof Grace , Ali Anorin , Bruyn John R. de , Flynn Lauren E. , Poepping Tamie L. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTCell therapies using human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are promising for a wide variety of clinical applications. However, broad‐scale clinical translation is limited by conventional culture methods for MSC expansion within 2D tissue‐culture flasks. MSC expansion on ECM‐derived microcarriers within stirred bioreactor systems offers a promising approach to support MSC growth. Previously, our team established methods for fabricating ECM‐derived microcarriers from a variety of decellularized tissue sources using electrospraying techniques. However, these microcarriers are relatively large and have a broad size distribution, which may limit their utility. Smaller and more uniform microcarriers may be favorable for MSC growth within bioreactors and have greater potential to serve as a minimally invasive injectable cell delivery platform. To address these limitations, the current project focused on the development of a new microfluidic‐based approach enabling both uniform and small microcarrier production. Using a novel, modified 3D T‐junction design, we successfully generated microcarriers using human decellularized adipose tissue (DAT) as the ECM source. Our new cost‐effective device produced microbeads that were small and monodisperse, at a range of flow rate combinations and with high production rates. Photo‐crosslinking using rose bengal allowed for the generation of microcarriers that retained their shape and could withstand rehydration, with a mean diameter of 196 ± 47 μm. Following methods optimization and microcarrier characterization, in vitro studies confirmed that the new microcarriers supported human adipose‐derived stromal cell (hASC) attachment and growth, as well as ECM production, across 14 days within spinner flask bioreactors. Overall, this study demonstrates the feasibility of using our novel, cost‐effective, and reusable microfluidics device to generate cell‐supportive microcarriers comprised exclusively of ECM that show promise as an MSC expansion platform.
Gene therapy for genetic diseases: challenges and future directions
Authors: Qie Beibei , Tuo Jianghua , Chen Feilong , Ding Haili , Lyu Lei 
Published: February 2025

AbstractGenetic diseases constitute the majority of rare human diseases, resulting from abnormalities in an individual's genetic composition. Traditional treatments offer limited relief for these challenging conditions. In contrast, the rapid advancement of gene therapy presents significant advantages by directly addressing the underlying causes of genetic diseases, thereby providing the potential for precision treatment and the possibility of curing these disorders. This review aims to delineate the mechanisms and outcomes of current gene therapy approaches in clinical applications across various genetic diseases affecting different body systems. Additionally, genetic muscular disorders will be examined as a case study to investigate innovative strategies of novel therapeutic approaches, including gene replacement, gene suppression, gene supplementation, and gene editing, along with their associated advantages and limitations at both clinical and preclinical levels. Finally, this review emphasizes the existing challenges of gene therapy, such as vector packaging limitations, immunotoxicity, therapy specificity, and the subcellular localization and immunogenicity of therapeutic cargos, while discussing potential optimization directions for future research. Achieving delivery specificity, as well as long‐term effectiveness and safety, will be crucial for the future development of gene therapies targeting genetic diseases.
An efficient hierarchical modeling framework for predicting the low velocity impact response of 3D braided composites
Authors: Zhang Di , Liu Xiaochuan , Zhang Shenghao , Wang Jun , Yan Leilei , Guan Zhongwei , Zhou Jin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) braided composite materials have great advantages in improving the damage tolerance of aeronautical structures. However, the complex meso‐structure has always made it a challenge to predict anti‐impact behaviors. To tackle this issue, the present work provides an efficient hierarchical modeling framework regarding the low velocity impact (LVI) modeling of 3D braided composites. In the present framework, the mechanical properties of fiber bundles are predicted using micromechanics theory. Two sets of mesoscale representative volume elements (RVEs) are constructed based on the actual braided architecture: the inner RVE and the surface RVE. Meso‐scale analysis was verified through comparison with the coupon level test, demonstrating the difference in mechanical behaviors between the two RVEs, both of which were taken into consideration in the macro‐scale FEM analysis. The results demonstrate that the predicted LVI mechanical responses and damage patterns fit well with the experimental results of 3D braided composites, with a deviation of less than 10% on the impact duration time, maximum contact force, and deflection. This study provides insights into understanding the LVI failure mechanism of 3D braided composites, and guidance for designing and optimizing 3D braided composite structures.
Risk Factors Associated With the Development of Late Pulmonary Artery Hypertension in Extremely Premature Infants
Authors: Condit Paige E. , Hokanson John S. , Balasubramaniam Vivek , McCulley David J. , Lasarev Michael , Lamers Luke , McAdams Ryan M. , Kaluarachchi Dinushan C. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo identify risk factors for late pulmonary artery hypertension (PH) at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age (PMA) in infants born before 28 weeks' gestation.Design/MethodsA retrospective cohort study included infants born < 28 weeks' gestation who underwent PH screening echocardiography at 36 weeks' PMA. We compared characteristics between infants with and without late PH to determine associations.ResultsOf 99 infants, 20 (20%) developed late PH. The FiO2% requirement at 4 weeks of age, home oxygen use, and procedural patent ductus arteriosus closure were associated with late PH. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) severity was linearly associated with late PH, with each 1‐point increase in BPD severity corresponding to a 3.5‐fold increased odds of late PH diagnosis.Conclusion(s)One in five extremely premature infants developed late PH. Markers of respiratory disease severity, including the BPD grade, were associated with the development of late PH.
Remaining Useful Life Prediction Through the Derivation of Acceleration Factors Based on Intermittent Inspection Data
Authors: Jeong Ye‐Eun , Lee Youn‐Ho , Kim Seong‐Mok , Kim Yong Soo 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTA method is proposed for obtaining critical reliability information throughout the product lifecycle by utilizing intermittent inspection data. The developed methodology is applied to products from industries where intermittent inspection data are accessible. Traditional methods rely on experimental test data to estimate material properties in life‐stress relationships. In contrast, the proposed methodology estimates the parameters of the acceleration model based on the available data. From the case study, an activation energy of 0.76 eV and a humidity index of 1 were derived using product‐related data and an evolutionary. These results are accurately reflective of field conditions. Acceleration factors are calculated using the methodology that considers the degradation differences between normal and field environments. This approach minimizes errors and effectively predicts the remaining useful life (RUL) of the actual product. The proposed methodology provides a systematic analysis process based on actual data. This approach demonstrates significant potential for enhancing product reliability and reducing lifecycle costs. The results of this study demonstrate the ability to achieve realistic and useful predictions of RUL. This supports improved decision‐making for maintenance and replacements.
Coload‐bearing capability of corroded and separated RCPs rehabilitated with ClPP alongside the mechanical behavior of the liner
Authors: Fang Hongyuan , Chu Jiajun , Li Bin , Du Xueming , Wang Niannian , Di Danyang , Zang Quansheng 
Published: February 2025

AbstractJoints are the most problematic location for reinforced concrete piping (RCP) and are one of the main contributing factors to pipeline failure. The use of cured‐in‐place pipe (CIPP) technology can effectively rehabilitate joint defects, enhancing the service resilience of the pipeline. However, the coload bearing of the CIPP‐RCP composite structure after rehabilitation remains unclear, particularly in the presence of composite defects at the joints. To address this, three‐edge bearing tests were conducted on CIPP‐RCP composite structures. The effects of separated length, corrosion width, corrosion depth, and corrosion length on the coload‐bearing capability of the composite structures were analyzed. Furthermore, numerical models of the CIPP‐RCP composite structures were constructed using cohesive elements with a bilinear traction–separation response to simulate the CIPP‐RCP bonding interface. These models were validated against experimental results. The influence of separated length, corrosion width, corrosion depth, and corrosion length on the von Mises stress of the liner was further investigated. Univariate functions relating each defect parameter to the maximum von Mises stress of the liner under various simulation conditions were fitted, an equation for calculating the maximum von Mises stress of the liner pipe was derived. The test results indicate that when the separated length was less than 200 mm, the mechanical capability of the defective RCP could be restored, and the ultimate load capacity could be increased. The more severe the internal corrosion, the weaker the coload‐bearing capability of the composite structure. However, when the corrosion width expands to 150° and the corrosion length increases to 400 mm, the ultimate load of the composite structure slightly increases. Numerical results show that the maximum von Mises stress in the liner exhibited a quadratic polynomial relationship with both separated length and corrosion length, a negative exponential relationship with corrosion width, and a positive linear relationship with corrosion depth. The derived predictive equation can accurately predict the maximum von Mises stress of the liner.