bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of incidence of postoperative seroma between flapless and conventional techniques for thyroidectomy: a case–control study
Authors: Sheahan P. , O’Connor A. , Murphy M.S. 
Published: February 2012

Clin. Otolaryngol. 2012, 37, 130–135Objectives: The incidence of seroma after thyroidectomy has been reported between 1.3% and 7%. We hypothesised that a flapless thyroidectomy technique would reduce the incidence of seroma.Design: Observational case–control study with comparison between retrospective cohort of patients undergoing thyroidectomy with raising of conventional skin flaps and prospective cohort undergoing flapless surgery.Setting: Academic Teaching Hospital.Participants: Hundred and seventy‐five consecutive patients undergoing thyroidectomy performed by a single surgeon. After the first 85 cases, a change in practice took place, from raising of conventional skin flaps to performing flapless surgery wherever feasible.Main outcome measures: Occurrence of postoperative seroma, defined as central neck swelling in postoperative period, confirmed by aspiration of serous fluid, and other complications.Results: Eight patients who underwent concomitant lateral (jugular) neck dissection were excluded. Among the remaining 167 patients, there were eight seromas (5%). Following the change in practice to flapless surgery, there was a significant reduction in the incidence of seroma (P = 0.025). There was no significant difference in other complications (haematoma; recurrent laryngeal nerve injury; and hypocalcaemia). Among the entire group, the association between seroma and flapless surgery tended towards significance (P = 0.07). Other variables studied, including use of drain and concomitant central compartment neck dissection, had no effect on seroma.Conclusion: Flapless technique for thyroid surgery may reduce the incidence of postoperative seroma.
Deletion of Beta‐2‐Microglobulin Ameliorates Spinal Cord Lesion Load and Promotes Recovery of Brainstem NAA Levels in a Murine Model of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Denic Aleksandar , Pirko Istvan , Wootla Bharath , Bieber Allan , Macura Slobodan , Rodriguez Moses 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWe used genetic deletion of β2‐microglobulin to study the influence of CD8+ T cells on spinal cord demyelination, remyelination, axonal loss and brainstem N‐acetyl aspartate levels during the acute and chronic phases of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) infection. We used β2m−/− and β2m+/+ B10.Q mice (of H‐2q background) normally susceptible to TMEV‐induced demyelination. Over the disease course, β2m+/+ mice had increasing levels of demyelination and minimal late‐onset remyelination. In contrast, β2m−/− mice had steady levels of demyelination from 45–390 dpi and remyelination was extensive and more complete. Early in the disease, brainstem NAA levels drop in both strains, but accordingly with remyelination and axonal preservation, NAA recover in β2m−/− mice despite equivalent brainstem pathology. At 270 dpi, β2m+/+ mice had significantly fewer spinal cord axons than β2m−/− mice (up to 28% less). In addition, β2m+/+ mice lost axons of all calibers, whereas β2m−/− mice had a modest loss of only medium‐ and large‐caliber axons. This study further supports the hypothesis that CD8+ T cells are involved in demyelination, and axonal loss following Theiler's virus‐induced demyelination.
Differential Activation of Signaling Pathways by UVA and UVB Radiation in Normal Human Epidermal Keratinocytes†
Authors: Syed Deeba N. , Afaq Farrukh , Mukhtar Hasan 
Published: February 2012

AbstractUltraviolet (UV) radiation from the solar spectrum is a major etiological factor for many cutaneous pathologies including cancer. By understanding changes in cell signaling pathways induced by UVA and UVB, novel strategies for prevention and treatment of UV‐related pathologies could be developed. However, much of the information in the literature from various laboratories cannot cross talk because of difficulties associated with the use of ill‐defined light sources and physiologically irrelevant light dosimetry. Herein, we have assessed the effect of exposure of normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) to UVA (2 and 4 J cm−2) or UVB (20 and 40 mJ cm−2) radiation. Employing western blot analysis, we found that exposure of NHEK to UVB, but not UVA, phosphorylates JNK1/2 at Th183/Tyr185, STAT3 at Ser727, AKT at Ser473 and increases c‐Fos expression, whereas exposure to UVA, but not UVB, phosphorylates AKT at Thr308. UVB as well as UVA exposure leads to increased phosphorylation of (1) ERK1/2 at Th202/Tyr204; (2) p38 at Th180/Tyr204; (3) STAT3 at Tyr705; (4) mTOR at Thr2448; and (v) p70S6k at Thr421/Ser424; enhanced expression of PI3K (p85) and c‐jun; and nuclear translocation of NFκB proteins. These findings could be considered as a beginning for understanding the differential effects of UVA and UVB in the human skin and may have implications both with respect to risk assessment from exposure to solar UV radiation, and to target interventions against signaling events mediated by UVA and UVB.
Enhanced efficiency of pluvial flood risk estimation in urban areas using spatial–temporal rainfall simulations
Authors: Blanc J. , Hall J.W. , Roche N. , Dawson R.J. , Cesses Y. , Burton A. , Kilsby C.G. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractUrban areas are concentrations of flood risk because of the density of development and because they tend to be constructed in low‐lying areas. They may be subject to flooding from rivers or the sea but are also vulnerable to the effects of intense direct rainfall, which can overwhelm urban drainage systems, and cause complex and often localised patterns of pluvial flooding. The risk from pluvial flooding is particularly difficult to assess because it is sensitive to the spatial–temporal characteristics of rainfall, local run‐off and surface flow processes, the performance of urban drainage systems, and the exact location of buildings. Sampling the variability or uncertainty in all of these processes in order to generate accurate flood risk estimates quickly becomes computationally prohibitive, especially for large urban areas. In this paper, we evaluate alternative approaches for making use of high‐resolution spatial–temporal rainfall simulations in urban flood risk analysis. Flood depths are computed with a coupled sewer and surface flood model, and flood damage is estimated using standard depth‐damage criteria. Efficient sampling of rainfall events and judicious use of response surfaces that relate rainfall event properties to flood volumes and damages are evaluated and shown to reduce the computational expense of risk analysis by more than 70%. The risk analysis methodology is successfully demonstrated for two contrasting urban locations in the UK.
Little known ophthalmic interests of Emil von Behring, the first Nobel Prize Laureate in Medicine or Physiology
Authors: Grzybowski Andrzej , Wilhelm Helmut 
Published: February 2012

Abstract.Although the work for which Emil von Behring (1854–1917) was awarded the first Nobel Prize Winner for Medicine or Physiology in 1901 was on serum therapy, not only was he trained and worked as an ophthalmologist but he also wrote his doctoral dissertation on a practical ophthalmological topic whilst in Berlin under Carl Schweigger (1830–1905). He later worked for 3 years as an assistant and co‐worker with the famous Polish ophthalmologist Boleslaw Wicherkiewicz (1847–1915), in Poznan where he described an interesting ophthalmic case in a scientific journal. His life and work in other fields have been well studied, but his interests and relationship to ophthalmology that played an important role in, at least part of, Behring’s life have never previously been analysed thoroughly.
The 12th National Lung Cancer Academic Conference in China
Authors: Liu Yi , Chen Gang , Qiu Xiaoming , Chen Jun , Zhou Qinghua 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackground:  The 12th National Lung Cancer Academic Conference was held in Wu Han, China in 2011.Methods:  The content of the conference involved recent research achievements and progress in the field of lung cancer, including the epidemiology of lung cancer and molecules, new methods and technology for early‐screening, molecular biology, pharmacogenomics, pathological and medical imaging, “individual therapy” based on molecular markers, surgery, radiation therapy, chemical treatment, and molecular target therapy. The theme of the Conference was “A focus on the quality of life of lung cancer patients in order to optimize individual treatment therapy.”Results:  Many highly‐respected domestic and foreign lung cancer expert specialists reported the latest achievements of their original clinical multi‐center studies and clinical convert research work, as well as their prospective study results in the field of lung cancer basic and clinical research, including the complete revelation of lung cancer basic research in China, the latest results in clinical transformation, clinical treatment experience, and scientific research achievements.Conclusion:  The conference substantially influenced China's future basic and clinical research on lung cancer, and contributed to the improvement of diagnostic and therapeutic levels on lung cancer in China.
Nasal Shedding of Equine Herpesvirus‐1 from Horses in an Outbreak of Equine Herpes Myeloencephalopathy in Western Canada
Authors: Burgess B.A. , Tokateloff N. , Manning S. , Lohmann K. , Lunn D.P. , Hussey S.B. , Morley P.S. 
Published: February 2012

BackgroundThere is little information on the duration of nasal shedding of EHV‐1 from horses with naturally occurring equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy (EHM).ObjectivesTo evaluate the duration of nasal shedding of EHV‐1 in horses affected by EHM.AnimalsOne hundred and four horses naturally exposed to EHV‐1, 20 of which had clinical signs of EHM.MethodsAll horses on affected premises were monitored. Those horses developing EHM were sampled in a longitudinal outbreak investigation. Nasal swabs were collected daily from 16 of 20 horses affected by EHM. A qPCR was performed on 98 of 246 nasal swab samples to determine nasal shedding duration. Historical and clinical information was analyzed to evaluate potential risk factors for developing EHM and duration of shedding during this outbreak.ResultsThe last day shedding was detected in any horse was Disease Day 9. EHV‐1 was detected in two‐thirds of horses tested on Disease Days 0–3. The amount of EHV‐1 DNA found in nasal swabs varied markedly and was not associated with disease severity or age. The odds of developing EHM were greater for febrile horses (OR = 20.3; 95% CI 3.4–390.3; P = .01) as well as for horses attending the riding clinic (OR = 4.1; 95% CI 0.84–21.65; P = .08).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceBiosecurity measures should be implemented for a minimum of 14 days beyond the onset of clinical signs of EHM. Animal managers cannot rely on the severity of clinical signs to predict the duration of EHV‐1 shedding.
Differences in the morphology of distal border synovial invaginations of the distal sesamoid bone in the horse as evaluated by computed tomography compared with radiography
Authors: Claerhoudt S. , Bergman H. J. , Van Der Veen H. , Duchateau L. , Raes E. V. , SAUNDERS J. H. 
Published: February 2012

SummaryReasons for performing study: Distal border synovial invaginations of the distal sesamoid bone are radiographically assessed during the selection process of horses admitted as breeding stallions or in purchase examinations. Nowadays, many moderately or some deeply penetrating proximally enlarged synovial invaginations are considered as moderate or severe radiographic findings.Objective: To measure the difference between and agreement of the morphology of distal border synovial invaginations on radiography vs. computed tomography (CT). It was hypothesised that the morphology of distal border synovial invaginations would be better evaluable on CT compared with radiography.Methods: Computed tomography scans and 3 dorsoproximal–palmarodistal oblique (DPr‐PaDiO) radiographs were obtained on 50 cadaver forefeet from 25 Warmblood horses. Computed tomography was assumed to be the gold standard. The number, shape and depth of penetration of distal border synovial invaginations into the distal sesamoid bone were evaluated with both methods, and the comparison of their measurements was statistically described.Results: A statistically significant mean difference for number of distal synovial invaginations between CT and all 3 DPr‐PaDiO projections was found and was approximately equal to 2, meaning that CT permits visualisation of an average of 2 more invaginations than radiography. In none of the cases did radiography have a higher number observed than CT. A large variation in the difference of measurements for depth of penetration against their mean difference between CT and the 3 radiographic projections was seen. Radiography underestimated the depth of invaginations, and more so when these were deeper. There was no statistically significant mean difference found between the techniques for depth. A moderate to good agreement between measurements on CT and the three DPr‐PaDiO projections for shape was seen, in which the D55°Pr‐PaDiO projection showed the best agreement. A high specificity (90–99%) and low sensitivity (65%) for all projections for shape were found.Conclusions and potential relevance: Radiography differs considerably from CT concerning the morphology of distal navicular border synovial invaginations. For the evaluation of the number, depth and shape of distal synovial invaginations in the distal sesamoid bone, radiography shows only partially the morphology seen on CT.
A Microbial Association with Autism
Authors: Benach Jorge L. , Li Ellen , McGovern Margaret M. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACT

Autism is a heterogeneous group of complex developmental disabilities that result from a number of possible etiologies. There are a well-known number of comorbidities associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), including, commonly, gastrointestinal (GI) pathology, which can include variable combinations of constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, gastroesophageal reflux, and vomiting. An American Academy of Pediatrics consensus panel has recommended that prospective studies be carried out to determine the prevalence of GI disorders in ASD and their pathophysiologic basis. In a recent article, Williams et al. [B. L. Williams, M. Hornig, T. Parekh, and W. I. Lipkin, mBio 3(1):e00261-11, 2012] have provided one such study of autism with GI comorbidities by presenting evidence of
Sutterella
species in ileal mucosal biopsy specimens from patients diagnosed with ASD but not in control children with GI symptoms, suggesting a specific role for
Sutterella
in ASD.
Sutterella
sequences represented ~1 to 7% of the total bacterial sequences, and this is a very large effect size on the ileal mucosal composition of the autism phenotype, rivaling or perhaps exceeding the effect size of the ileal Crohn’s disease phenotype. This study opens a new field of investigation to study the etiology or consequences of GI comorbidities in ASD.
Insight into the Transmission Biology and Species-Specific Functional Capabilities of Tsetse (Diptera: Glossinidae) Obligate Symbiont
Wigglesworthia
Authors: Rio Rita V. M. , Symula Rebecca E. , Wang Jingwen , Lohs Claudia , Wu Yi-neng , Snyder Anna K. , Bjornson Robert D. , Oshima Kenshiro , Biehl Bryan S. , Perna Nicole T. , Hattori Masahira , Aksoy Serap 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACT

Ancient endosymbionts have been associated with extreme genome structural stability with little differentiation in gene inventory between sister species. Tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) harbor an obligate endosymbiont,
Wigglesworthia
, which has coevolved with the
Glossina
radiation. We report on the ~720-kb
Wigglesworthia
genome and its associated plasmid from
Glossina morsitans morsitans
and compare them to those of the symbiont from
Glossina brevipalpis
. While there was overall high synteny between the two genomes, a large inversion was noted. Furthermore, symbiont transcriptional analyses demonstrated host tissue and development-specific gene expression supporting robust transcriptional regulation in
Wigglesworthia
, an unprecedented observation in other obligate mutualist endosymbionts. Expression and immunohistochemistry confirmed the role of flagella during the vertical transmission process from mother to intrauterine progeny. The expression of nutrient provisioning genes (
thiC
and
hemH
) suggests that
Wigglesworthia
may function in dietary supplementation tailored toward host development. Furthermore, despite extensive conservation, unique genes were identified within both symbiont genomes that may result in distinct metabolomes impacting host physiology. One of these differences involves the chorismate, phenylalanine, and folate biosynthetic pathways, which are uniquely present in
Wigglesworthia morsitans
. Interestingly, African trypanosomes are auxotrophs for phenylalanine and folate and salvage both exogenously. It is possible that
W
.
morsitans
contributes to the higher parasite susceptibility of its host species.

IMPORTANCE
Genomic stasis has historically been associated with obligate endosymbionts and their sister species. Here we characterize the
Wigglesworthia
genome of the tsetse fly species
Glossina morsitans
and compare it to its sister genome within
G
.
brevipalpis
. The similarity and variation between the genomes enabled specific hypotheses regarding functional biology. Expression analyses indicate significant levels of transcriptional regulation and support development- and tissue-specific functional roles for the symbiosis previously not observed in obligate mutualist symbionts. Retention of the genetically expensive flagella within these small genomes was demonstrated to be significant in symbiont transmission and tailored to the unique tsetse fly reproductive biology. Distinctions in metabolomes were also observed. We speculate an additional role for
Wigglesworthia
symbiosis where infections with pathogenic trypanosomes may depend upon symbiont species-specific metabolic products and thus influence the vector competence traits of different tsetse fly host species.
g-FRAMES AND MODULAR RIESZ BASES IN HILBERT C*-MODULES
Authors: KHOSRAVI AMIR , KHOSRAVI BEHROOZ 
Published: February 2012

In this paper we introduce modular Riesz basis, modular g-Riesz basis in Hilbert C*-modules in a very natural way and we show that they share many properties with Riesz basis and g-Riesz basis in Hilbert spaces.We also found that by using the fact that every finitely or countably generated Hilbert C*-module over a unital C*-algebra has a standard Parseval frame, we characterize g-frames, modular Riesz bases and modular g-Riesz bases. Finally we obtain a perturbation result for modular g-Riesz bases.
Therapeutic Efficacy of CEP-33779, a Novel Selective JAK2 Inhibitor, in a Mouse Model of Colitis-Induced Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Seavey Matthew M. , Lu Lily D. , Stump Kristine L. , Wallace Nate H. , Hockeimer William , O'Kane Teresa M. , Ruggeri Bruce A. , Dobrzanski Pawel 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Constitutively activated STAT3 and STAT5 are expressed in a wide variety of human malignancies including solid and hematopoietic cancers and often correlate with a poor prognosis and resistance to multiple therapies. Given the well established role of STAT3 in tumorigenesis, inhibition of Janus-activated kinase 2 (JAK2) activity might represent an attractive therapeutic approach. Using a mouse model of colitis-induced colorectal cancer, we show that a novel, orally active, selective JAK2 inhibitor, CEP-33779, induced regression of established colorectal tumors, reduced angiogenesis, and reduced proliferation of tumor cells. Histopathologic analysis confirmed reduced incidence of histologic-grade neoplasia by CEP-33779. Tumor regression correlated with inhibition of STAT3 and NF-κB (RelA/p65) activation in a CEP-33779 dose–dependent manner. In addition, the expression of proinflammatory, tumor-promoting cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β was strongly reduced upon JAK2 inhibition. The ability of CEP-33779 to suppress growth of colorectal tumors by inhibiting the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling suggests a potential therapeutic utility of JAK2 inhibitors in multiple tumors types, particularly those with a strong inflammatory component. Mol Cancer Ther; 11(4); 984–93. ©2012 AACR.
Evaluation of Clouds and Precipitation in the ECHAM5 General Circulation Model Using CALIPSO and CloudSat Satellite Data
Authors: Nam Christine C. W. , Quaas Johannes 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Observations from Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) and CloudSat satellites are used to evaluate clouds and precipitation in the ECHAM5 general circulation model. Active lidar and radar instruments on board CALIPSO and CloudSat allow the vertical distribution of clouds and their optical properties to be studied on a global scale. To evaluate the clouds modeled by ECHAM5 with CALIPSO and CloudSat, the lidar and radar satellite simulators of the Cloud Feedback Model Intercomparison Project’s Observation Simulator Package are used. Comparison of ECHAM5 with CALIPSO and CloudSat found large-scale features resolved by the model, such as the Hadley circulation, are captured well. The lidar simulator demonstrated ECHAM5 overestimates the amount of high-level clouds, particularly optically thin clouds. High-altitude clouds in ECHAM5 consistently produced greater lidar scattering ratios compared with CALIPSO. Consequently, the lidar signal in ECHAM5 frequently attenuated high in the atmosphere. The large scattering ratios were due to an underestimation of effective ice crystal radii in ECHAM5. Doubling the effective ice crystal radii improved the scattering ratios and frequency of attenuation. Additionally, doubling the effective ice crystal radii improved the detection of ECHAM5’s highest-level clouds by the radar simulator, in better agreement with CloudSat. ECHAM5 was also shown to significantly underestimate midlevel clouds and (sub)tropical low-level clouds. The low-level clouds produced were consistently perceived by the lidar simulator as too optically thick. The radar simulator demonstrated ECHAM5 overestimates the frequency of precipitation, yet underestimates its intensity compared with CloudSat observations. These findings imply compensating mechanisms in ECHAM5 balance out the radiative imbalance caused by incorrect optical properties of clouds and consistently large hydrometeors in the atmosphere.
Wavenumber Analysis of Azimuthally Distributed Data: Assessing Maximum Allowable Gap Size
Authors: Lorsolo Sylvie , Aksoy Altuğ 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Performing wavenumber decomposition on azimuthally distributed data such as those in tropical cyclones can be challenging when data gaps exist in the signal. In the literature, ad hoc approaches are found to determine maximum gap size beyond which not to perform Fourier decomposition. The goal of the present study is to provide a more objective and systematic method to choose the maximum gap size allowed to perform a Fourier analysis on observational data. A Monte Carlo–type experiment is conducted where signals of various wavenumber configurations are generated with gaps of varying size, then a simple interpolation scheme is applied and Fourier decomposition is performed. The wavenumber decomposition is evaluated in a way that requires retrieval of at least 80% of the original amplitude with less than 20° phase shift. Maximum allowable gap size is then retrieved for wavenumbers 0–2. When prior assessment of signal configuration is available, the authors believe that the present study can provide valuable guidance for gap size beyond which Fourier decomposition is not advisable.