bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adjudicating bleeding events in a platelet dose study: impact on outcome results and challenges
Authors: Heddle Nancy M. , Wu Cynthia , Vassallo Ralph , Carey Patricia , Arnold Donald , Lozano Miguel , Pavenski Katerina , Sweeney Joseph , Stanworth Simon , Liu Yang , Traore Aicha , Barty Rebecca , Tinmouth Alan ,   for the BEST Collaborative
Published: May 2011

BACKGROUND: In the SToP platelet dose study, the World Health Organization (WHO) bleeding grade was assigned using adjudication. This study describes the challenges associated with adjudicating bleeding events and compares the adjudicated and bedside results for bleeding grade.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: To categorize bleeding, the following information was provided to adjudicators: daily bleeding assessments, interventions to stop or control bleeding, daily blood counts, and transfused blood components. Each daily assessment was sent to two adjudicators who independently assigned a grade and anatomic site of bleeding. Discordant cases where disagreement occurred were sent to a third adjudicator and subsequently to a fourth or fifth adjudicator in an attempt to reach agreement. Disagreement after five adjudicators was resolved by consensus. The final adjudicated grade was compared with the grade of bleeding assigned at the bedside by study personnel.RESULTS: A total of 1150 case report forms were adjudicated. Disagreement on grade of bleeding was common: 31.2% after the first two adjudicators, 4.0% after the third adjudicator, 0.7% after four, and 0.05% after five. Disagreement on anatomic site was less but still occurred in 17% of cases after two adjudicators. The frequency of bleeding (≥ Grade 2) based on adjudication was higher than bedside grading (standard‐dose arm, 47.5% vs. 34.4%; low‐dose arm, 50.0% vs. 43.1%).CONCLUSION: The frequency of WHO bleeding varies depending on the method used to assign grade. Adjudication to assign bleeding grade resulted in significant disagreement when two adjudicators were used.
Platelet refractoriness in acquired hemophagocytic syndrome
Authors: George Melissa R. , Herman Jay H. , Holdbrook Thomas , Cui Chunhua , Vardhana Harsha G. , Behling Eric M. 
Published: May 2011

BACKGROUND:Acquired hemophagocytic syndrome (AHPS) is a severe inflammatory disorder often caused by Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV). Proliferation of activated macrophages produces uncontrolled cytokine production. Thrombocytopenia is common in AHPS, previously attributed to inadequate or ineffective marrow platelet (PLT) production. PLT transfusion response is not well reported. Two patients with fatal AHPS developed unexplained PLT transfusion refractoriness before definitive diagnosis.CASE REPORTS:PLT refractoriness was noted during the care of two patients. The refractoriness was determined to be nonimmune and both demonstrated various clinical signs and laboratory findings consistent with AHPS. The first patient's AHPS was attributable to EBV infection. In the other patient, no underlying cause could be found. Both patients had an aggressive clinical course and succumbed to this relatively rare syndrome. The PLT refractoriness was evident before the AHPS diagnosis was made.DISCUSSION:AHPS is not generally a consideration in the evaluation of nonimmune PLT refractoriness. However, these illustrative cases make an argument for its consideration in the differential diagnosis of PLT refractoriness in severely ill patients. Once present, it is unclear if the refractoriness can be reversed by AHPS‐targeted therapy.
Blood product positive patient identification: comparative simulation‐based usability test of two commercial products
Authors: Anders Shilo , Miller Anne , Joseph Peggy , Fortenberry Tiercy , Woods Marcella , Booker Ray , Slaughter Jennifer , Weinger Matthew B. , France Daniel 
Published: May 2011

BACKGROUND: The blood product administration process has been subject to various quality improvement initiatives aimed at reducing errors, including blood product labels that are missing, inaccessible, unreadable, or mismatched to orders and/or patients. This article reports the results of a formal simulation‐based usability test of two comparable technologies designed to reduce blood product administration errors.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Nineteen nurses and three anesthesia providers evaluated one of the two products during simulated use in realistic scenarios during 90‐minute test sessions. Both products required additional learning despite 15 minutes of dedicated vendor‐provided pretest training.RESULTS: There were significant effectiveness differences between the two products, but use of both devices was less efficient than manual checking. Usability issues included poor access to subtasks, lack of process feedback, inadequate error messaging, and confusing device interactions.CONCLUSION: While clinicians' subjective ratings of both devices were similarly high, both products had significant usability issues likely to lead to clinician frustration and workarounds during actual use. This study suggests that usability testing is a valuable and more effective method than preference surveys of determining the ability of blood administration products to meet clinicians' needs in the complex world of patient care.
Transnational Advocates and Labor Rights Enforcement in the North American Free Trade Agreement
Authors: Nolan García Kimberly A. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis article investigates the impact of trade-based social clauses on labor rights enforcement. Drawing on insights from recent theoretical work on transnational advocacy networks and labor rights, the study examines how transnational groups and domestic actors engage the labor rights mechanisms under the NAFTA labor side agreement, the NAALC. A statistical analysis of original data drawn from NAALC cases complements interviews with key participants to analyze the factors that predict whether the three national mediation offices review labor dispute petitions. This study suggests that transnational activism is a key factor in explaining petition acceptance. Transnational advocates craft petitions differently from other groups and, by including worker testimony in the petitions, signal to arbitration bodies the possibility of corroborating claims through contact with affected workers.
Coalition Erosion and Presidential Instability in Ecuador
Authors: Acosta Andrés Mejía , Polga-Hecimovich John 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis article advances the idea that coalition formation and maintenance in highly fragmented presidential regimes is not only crucial to overcoming policy deadlock, but in some cases, critical to ensuring government survival. To advance this argument, the article looks at the formation and demise of legislative coalitions in Ecuador between 1979 and 2006. The empirical data suggest that paradoxically, government coalitions became more difficult to sustain after the adoption of institutional reforms intended to strengthen the president's legislative powers. The adoption of those reforms, it is argued, undermined the legislative incentives to cooperate with the government and helped to accelerate coalition erosion. Not only did the reforms fail significantly to avoid policy deadlock, but in some cases they contributed to the early termination of presidential mandates. This article contributes to the study of coalition survival and how it is linked to policymaking.
Influence de quelques variables liées à la plante Phaseolus vulgaris sur la ponte d'Acanthoscelides obtectus dans la nature
Authors: Jarry Marc , Debouzie Domitien , Chacon Alicia 
Published: May 2011

AbstractL'influence de quelques variables liées aux plantes de Phaseolus vulgaris (date de maturation, hauteur et nombre de graines dans les gousses) sur la ponte de la bruche du haricot Acanthoscelides obtectus a été étudiée dans la nature sur 20 pieds de haricot dont toutes les gousses ont été suivies puis récoltées.Les résultats montrent une bonne corrélation entre le nombre d'oeufs émis dans une gousse et le nombre de jours avec présence d'adultes sur cette gousse. La date de maturation influence fortement la contamination des gousses. Au niveau spatial, les pieds situés dans des zones non désherbées, où peuvent s'alimenter les adultes, sont les plus contaminés. Les autres variables semblent avoir moins d'importance.On note une très forte agrégativité des pontes dans certaines gousses qui sont, en général, parmi les premières mǔres, mais cette agrégativité persiste měme si les femelles ont le choix, sur un mème pied, entre plusieurs gousses arrivées ensemble à maturité.Mots clés: Acanthoscelides obtectus, Phaseolus vulgaris, comportement de ponte, distribution des pontes, structure spatio‐temporelle
The effect of host spacing on the clutch size and parasitization rate of Trichogramma minutum
Authors: Schmidt J. M. , Smith J. J. B. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe clutch size of the parasitoid wasp Trichogramma minutum Riley (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) is in part adjusted in response to the spatial distribution of its insect egg hosts. This paper describes the effects on progeny allocation of differences in the distance separating single hosts, and a possible mechanism is proposed. The number of progeny laid into a single host decreases with reduced interhost distance. The effect is not due to superparasitism of more widely spaced hosts, since single hosts which the wasps are allowed to parasitize only once receive only as many eggs as the most widely spaced host. Furthermore, no correlation was found between the number of hosts parasitized and the mean clutch size for each wasp, indicating that the wasps do not simply reduce progeny allocation with successive host encounters. Instead, the wasps may use a measure of the frequency of host encounter, for example the time or distance between hosts, as a cue to set cluch size. Comparisons of clutch size for first and second hosts parasitized showed that there is an initial large reduction in clutch size, after which all subsequent hosts parasitized are allocated a constant, reduced number of progeny. The implications of changes in clutch size for the parasitization rate of the wasps are discussed.ZusammenfassungDie Bestimmung der Wirtsdichte durch die parasitische Wespe Trichogramma minutum.Bei der parasitischen Wespe Trichogramma minutum hängt die Menge abgelegter Eier teilweise von der räumlichen Verteilung seines Insektenwirtes ab. In dieser Arbeit wird der Einfluss von unterschiedlichen Abständen zwischen den Wirtstieren auf die Anzahl von Nachkommen pro Ei beschrieben und mögliche Mechanismen zur Bestimmung der Wirtsdichte vorgeschlagen. Die Anzahl von Nachkommen pro Wirtsei verringert sich mit kleiner werdendem Abstand zwischen den Wirtseiern. Es wird vermutet dass die Wespen ein Mass für die Häufigkeit von Wirtsbegegnungen, z.B. Zeit oder Abstand zwischen Wirten als Schlüssel für die Bestimmung der Menge von Nachkommen benutzen. Diese Erscheinung kann nicht auf Superparasitismus von weiter entfernten Wirten zurückgeführt werden. Einzelne Wirte, die nur einmal von den Wespen parasitiert werden durften, erhielten die gleiche Anzahl von Eiern, wie die am weitesten verteilten Wirte. Darüber hinaus wurde kein Zusammenhang zwischen der Anzahl parasitierter Wirte und der durchschnittlichen Grösse der Nachkommenschaft pro Wespe gefunden. Das weist darauf hin, dass die Wespen nicht einfach mit jeder weiteren Wirtsbegegnung ihre Menge zugewiesener Nachkommen verringern. Schliesslich wird der Einfluss von unterschiedlicher Anzahl von Nachkommen auf die Wirtsmortalität diskutiert.
Effects of intraspecific larval competition on the development of the African buffalo fly Haematobia thirouxi potans
Authors: Doube Bernard M. , Moola Farida 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe effects of larval crowding on development, survival and size of the African buffalo fly, Haematobia thirouxi potans (Bezzi), were examined in small (10 or 20 g) and 1000 g masses of cattle dung in the laboratory at 25°C. Dung was infested with fly eggs at densities which ranged from 0.05 to 32.0 eggs per g dung; in most cases 90–100% of eggs hatched. The duration of larval development in 10 g dung masses was extended by larval crowding at densities above 0.8 eggs per g dung and the development period with 32 eggs per g dung (11 days) was double that observed in uncrowded dung masses. Both size and survival decreased with increasing larval density, but stunting was observed at lower densities than those which reduced survival and so size was the more sensitive index of the adequacy of the larval environment. The effects of larval crowding became evident at lower larval densities in the 1000 g dung masses than in the 10 g dung masses. There was a minimum size below which third instar larvae failed to pupariate. The probability of survival was related to pupal size and a high proportion of the smaller individuals failed to eclose.RésuméEffets de la competition intraspécifique sur le développement des larves, la taille des pupes et la survie d'Haematobia thirouxi potansLes effets du surpeuplement larvaire sur le développement, la survie et la taille d'Haematobia thirouxi potans, ont été examinés sur de petites quantités de bouse (10 et 20 g) et de plus importantes (1000 g), au laboratoire à 25°C. Les bouses étaient contaminées avec des oeufs de la mouche à des densités de 0,05 à 32 oeufs par gramme de bouse. Dans la plupart des cas le taux d'éclosion était de 90–100%. La durée du développement larvaire dans 10 g de bouse a été prolongée pour les densités supérieures a 0,8 oeuf per g, et la durée développement pour 32 oeufs per g (11 jours) était le double de celle obtenue grand il n'y avait pas surpeuplement. La taille et la survie diminuent toutes les deux avec la densité larvaire, mais la miniaturisation était observée à des densités où la survie n'était pas modifiée; ainsi la taille est un indice plus sensible de l'adéquation de l'habitat larvaire. Les effets du surpeuplement larvaires deviennent clairs à des densités plus faibles avec 1000 g de la bouse qu'avec 10 g. Il y a eu une taille minimale endessous de laquelle les larves étaient incapables de former une pupe. La probabilité d'éclosion était liée à la taille de la pupe, et une plus forte proportion de petits individus ne sont pas parvenu à éclore.
Sensory cues and receptors for oviposition by Heliothis virescens
Authors: Ramaswamy Sonny B. , Ma Wai Keung , Baker Gerald T. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWhen given a choice of cotton (host) and ground cherry (non host) in a close range situation, Heliothis virescens (F.), the tobacco budworm, depends primarily on contact chemoreception and mechanoreception, and not olfaction or vision, to discriminate between these two plant species for oviposition. Further, in the presence of a certain level of hairiness (the non‐host plant, ground cherry, has short capitate hairs), the females are capable of discriminating between these two plants based on contact chemosensory cues, if at least one pair of tarsi is intact. The contact chemosensilla on the ovipositor do not seem to be important for this purpose. These results are discussed in relation to the sensory cues and receptors for oviposition in other Lepidoptera, especially moths.RésuméSignaux et récepteurs sensoriels intervenant dans la ponte d'Heliothis virescensLes différentes récepteurs sensoriels (chimique, mécanique et visuel) des femelles d'H. virescens ont été rendus inactifs par traitement à l'acide, anten‐notectomie ou peinture des yeux avec un enduit noir du type vernis à ongles, pour étudier le déterminisme sensoriel de la sélection des hǒtes lors de la ponte; les papillons avaient le choix entre le coton (Gossypium hirsutum), sur lequel ils pondent normalement, et Physalis angulata sur lequel on n'observe pas de pontes dans la nature. Au laboratoire, à faible distance, le choix de H. virescens dépendait en premier lieu des mécanorécepteurs et des récepteurs chimiques dits de contact (gustatifs), et non de la vision ou de l'olfaction. En présence d'un certain niveau de pilosité (P. angulata possède de courts poils capités), les femelles choisissent les plantes en fonction de la perception chimique dite de contact (gustation) tant qu'une paire de tarses reste intacte. Les sensilles chimiques de l'ovitube ne semblent pas jouer un rǒle important à cet égard. La discussion a examiné ces résultats à la lumière des processus sensoriels utilisés par d'autres papillons.
NK cells engineered to express a GD2‐specific antigen receptor display built‐in ADCC‐like activity against tumour cells of neuroectodermal origin
Authors: Esser Ruth , Müller Tina , Stefes Dörthe , Kloess Stephan , Seidel Diana , Gillies Stephen D. , Aperlo‐Iffland Christel , Huston James S. , Uherek Christoph , Schönfeld Kurt , Tonn Torsten , Huebener Nicole , Lode Holger N. , Koehl Ulrike , Wels Winfried S. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractTreatment of high‐risk neuroblastoma (NB) represents a major challenge in paediatric oncology. Alternative therapeutic strategies include antibodies targeting the disialoganglioside GD2, which is expressed at high levels on NB cells, and infusion of donor‐derived natural killer (NK) cells. To combine specific antibody‐mediated recognition of NB cells with the potent cytotoxic activity of NK cells, here we generated clonal derivatives of the clinically applicable human NK cell line NK‐92 that stably express a GD2‐specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) comprising an anti‐GD2 ch14.18 single chain Fv antibody fusion protein with CD3‐ζ chain as a signalling moiety. CAR expression by gene‐modified NK cells facilitated effective recognition and elimination of established GD2 expressing NB cells, which were resistant to parental NK‐92. In the case of intrinsically NK‐sensitive NB cell lines, we observed markedly increased cell killing activity of retargeted NK‐92 cells. Enhanced cell killing was strictly dependent on specific recognition of the target antigen and could be blocked by GD2‐specific antibody or anti‐idiotypic antibody occupying the CAR’s cell recognition domain. Importantly, strongly enhanced cytotoxicity of the GD2‐specific NK cells was also found against primary NB cells and GD2 expressing tumour cells of other origins, demonstrating the potential clinical utility of the retargeted effector cells.
Extracellular matrix remodelling properties of human fibrocytes
Authors: Bianchetti Lorenza , Barczyk Marek , Cardoso José , Schmidt Matthias , Bellini Alberto , Mattoli Sabrina 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe fibrocytes are thought to serve as a source of newly deposited collagens I and III during reparative processes and in certain fibrotic disorders, but their matrix remodelling properties are incompletely understood. We evaluated their ability to produce several extracellular matrix (ECM) components, in comparison with fibroblasts, and to participate in collagen turnover. The collagen gene expression profile of fibrocytes differed from that of fibroblasts because fibrocytes constitutively expressed relatively high levels of the mRNA encoding collagen VI and significantly lower levels of the mRNA encoding collagens I, III and V. The proteoglycan (PG) gene expression profile was also different in fibrocytes and fibroblasts because fibrocytes constitutively expressed the mRNA encoding perlecan and versican at relatively high levels and the mRNA encoding biglycan and decorin at low and very low levels, respectively. Moreover, fibrocytes expressed the mRNA for hyaluronan synthase 2 at higher level than fibroblasts. Significant differences between the two cell populations were also demonstrated by metabolic labelling and analysis of the secreted collagenous proteins, PGs and hyaluronan. Fibrocytes constitutively expressed the scavenger receptors CD163 and CD204 as well as the mannose receptors CD206 and Endo180, and internalized and degraded collagen fragments through an Endo180‐mediated mechanism. The results of this study demonstrate that human fibrocytes exhibit ECM remodelling properties previously unexplored, including the ability to participate in collagen turnover. The observed differences in collagen and PG expression profile between fibrocytes and fibroblasts suggest that fibrocytes may predominantly have a matrix‐stabilizing function.
Role of human papillomavirus infection in carcinogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma with evidences of prognostic association
Authors: Chen Su‐Feng , Yu Fu‐Shun , Chang Yun‐Ching , Fu Earl , Nieh Shin , Lin Yaoh‐Shiang 
Published: May 2011

J Oral Pathol Med (2012) 41: 9–15Background:  Betel nut chewing, cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking are thought to be major environmental risk factors responsible for the development of oral squamous cell carcinomas. Oncogenic human papillomavirus infections have a well‐established association with uterine cervical carcinoma. However, little is known about the exact role of human papillomavirus infections in oral squamous cell carcinomas. This study is designed to elucidate the role of human papillomavirus infections in cancer development and prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinomas.Methods:  Molecular techniques including in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry of p16INK4A and p53 for evidences of human papillomavirus in tissue micro‐arrays were investigated.Results:  Twenty‐four of 65 cases of oral squamous cell carcinomas were found positive for in situ hybridization and 14 were found positive for p16INK4A. The majority of cases without the evidence of human papillomavirus were related to p53 over‐expression. There were statistically significant correlations between the results of human papillomavirus test and size or extent of the tumor (P = 0.003) or the stage of oral squamous cell carcinomas (P = 0.015). Kaplan–Meier plot analysis demonstrated a tendency of longer survival in cases of oral squamous cell carcinomas with the evidence of human papillomavirus or positive p16 INK4A.Conclusions:  Human papillomavirus infections may play a unique role in oral carcinogenesis. Our data strongly suggest that human papillomavirus‐positive oral squamous cell carcinomas comprise a distinct clinical and pathological disease entity that appears related to a better outcome with longer survival and bears a causally associated relationship different from other carcinogenic mechanisms.