bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P01-361 - Melas - How Much Do We Know and Should We Know More?
Authors: Mannali V. , Moran K. , Thomas I.M. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionMitochodrial Encephalopathy, Lactic Acidosis and Stroke like episodes, better known as MELAS continues to be rare and psychiatric literature on this disorder remains sparse. This maternally transmitted genetic disorder is progressive and fatal.Aims and objectivesThe neurological and neurophysiological symptoms of the disorder can be made out from the name MELAS which does not convey the plethora of psychiatric manifestations it can have. The psychiatric presentations can range from anxiety disorders, attention deficit, eating disorders, personality disorders and psychoses of the paranoid or affective types. Psychopathology can precede or appear during the course of neurological symptomatology leading to dementia. More knowledge about the possible psychiatric presentations is required to help detection and develop management guidelines.MethodsAwareness of MELAS can result only from cohort studies. In the background of nearly fifteen years' follow up of a cohort with heavy genetic loading, the role of psychiatry in managing ongoing symptomatology with scope for futuristic interventions is discussed.ResultsThe fatality or the rarity of the disorder should not be a deterrant in charting out treatment guidelines for MELAS. Psychotropics, multidisciplinary care package and primary support net work maintain quality of life against progress of the disorder.ConclusionUnderstanding MELAS would help in maintaining and improving the quality of life of this patient group. MELAS requires further, in depth multidisciplinary studies. Comprehensive neuro-psychiatric, psychosocial and palliative models of management protocols need to be developed.
P01-368 - Between Schizophrenia and Dementia
Authors: Ribeiro A.E. , Ramalho e Silva F. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionEven Emil Kraepelin's description of dementia praecox emphasized the change in cognition and the long-term deteriorating course of schizophrenic patients, opposed to the ones having manic-depressive psychosis or paranoia.Currently, neurocognitive impairment is considered a core component of schizophrenia, particularly affecting the domains of attention, executive-frontal lobe function, working memory, and episodic memory. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex has been implicated in cognitive disorganization and current therapeutic options have only a modest effect on this chronic disability. Although these impairments cannot function as diagnostic tools, they are strongly related to the functional outcome of the illness, and have significant prognostic value.Negative symptoms, such as poverty of speech or blunted affect, are among the most chronic symptoms of schizophrenia. They respond poorly to antipsychotics, and are widely suspected to reflect a dorsolateral frontal lobe dysfunction, as well. This negative dimension is associated with a poor long-term cognitive outcome and may be closely related to the primary cognitive deficit in schizophrenia.Objectives and methods: The authors aim to provide an overview of the existing literature regarding these dimensions of schizophrenia, and the hypotheses of a possible association between schizophrenia and dementia.Results and conclusionsGiven the prognostic value of mild cognitive impairment, and regardless of the evidence of frontal lobe dysfunction in schizophrenia, few studies have examined the longitudinal relationship between psychosis and the development of (frontotemporal) dementia. This theoretical association raises the possibility that these distinct entities could result from a common neurodegenerative pathway.
P01-369 - Prevalence and Predictor Factors of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Institutionalized Patients Diagnosed with Dementia
Authors: Robles Castiñeiras A. , Reinoso Hermida S. , Díaz Grávalos G. , López González A. , García Caballero A. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence and severity of neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with dementia in nursing homes, assessing their association with certain factors that may promote or prevent its occurrence.MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out. We included all elderly diagnosed with degenerative, vascular, or mixed dementia, stage 4 to 7 of the GDS, and residents in 6 nursing homes in the province of Ourense (Spain). The assessment of symptoms was performed using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory - Nursing Home (NPI-NH) test. A sample size of 120 individuals was determined to be necessary.ResultsWe included 212 cases, with an average age of 85.7 (SD = 6.7) years. The prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms was 84.4%. The most common symptom was apathy, followed by agitation and delirium, the least frequent were euphoria and hallucinations. The symptom that produced most occupational disruption was agitation. Multivariate analysis showed that a higher score on the NPI-NH was associated with the use of neuroleptics, both typical and atypical, and with a higher score on the Reisberg Scale. Negative association was demonstrated with the number of days of institutionalization and the diagnosis of vascular dementia.ConclusionsPatients with dementia in nursing homes in our area have a high frequency of neuropsychiatric symptoms that are associated with neuroleptic use and decreases as the patient remains institutionalized for longer. Patients diagnosed with vascular dementia have lower scores on the NPI-NH test.
P01-370 - Impact on Caregivers from Sleep Disturbances is Higher in Dementia with Lewy Bodies as Compared to Alzheimer's Dementia
Authors: Rongve A. , Boeve B.F. , Aarsland D. 
Published: June 2010

BackgroundBehavioral and psychological symptoms in dementia are known to increase caregiver stress and proceed admission to a nursing home. We studied caregiver stress due to the impact of sleep disturbances in different types of mild dementia.MethodA sample of 151 persons with mild dementia from the Norwegian DEMWEST- cohort and their caregivers. Sleep problems in dementia were studied with the Mayo Sleep Questionnaire and the Neuropsychiatric Inventory. Caregiver stress was studied with the Relative's Stress Scale.ResultsCaring for a person with mild dementia with any sleep disturbance significantly increased caregiver stress as compared to caring for a person with mild dementia without any sleep disturbances. (18.2 vs. 13.0, p=0.017) Caregivers to patients diagnosed as having mild Dementia with Lewybodies with any sleep disturbance reported significantly more stress as compared to caregivers to person with mild Alzheimer's Disease with any sleep disturbance. (14.7 vs. 21.7 p=0.010).ConclusionSleep disturbances in mild dementia significantly impact on caregiver stress, more so in DLB as compared to AD.
P01-372 - Evolution of Semantic Dementia - a Case Report
Authors: Roque M. , Craveiro A. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesTo report a case of diagnosis and progression of Semantic Dementia.MethodsCase report data were obtained through three years’ follow-up, review of records, neuropsychological and imagiological studies.ResultsThe 66 year old female patient presented with depressive complaints after the loss of her partner. With the remission of the depressive symptoms, the patient kept complaining of “forgetting words”. Her progressive verbal semantic memory impairment through the years and detailed examinations have revealed a naming and comprehension deficit. Scan pattern has shown progression of the left temporal-lobe variant of frontotemporal dementia.ConclusionsThe meagre psychopharmachological approach (SSRI) colud ot avoid the major disturbances in the patient's quality of life. Directive community and social support may be seen as the most powerfull tool available.
P01-373 - Neuroticizing MCI
Authors: Roque M. , Carriço P. , Morais I. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesThe authors describe and compare two cases of sudden onset cognitive impairment in middle-aged women.MethodsReview of clinical records, laboratorial data, neuropsychological and imagiological studies.ResultsTwo women in the sixth decade of life with a similar background and pre-illness state were admitted in the Day Unit for evaluation. They both presented sudden onset of bizarre behaviours, mood swings, unspecific speech disorder, and appetite and sleep pattern deviation, accompanying mild cognitive impairment (MCI) on neuropsychological evaluation. Both cases were submitted to intensive studies. Data and long-term follow-up revealed a frontotemporal dementia in one of the cases, and the second woman was shown to have a conversive pseudodementia.ConclusionCognition's progressive deterioration is considered a major marker of dementia, but mild cognitive impairment is a heterogeneous clinical syndrome without criteria on current classifications of disease and limited prognostic value.
P01-375 - Delirium is Marker of Frailty? Study in a Population Over 90-year Old Recovered in a Sicilian R.S.A.
Authors: Santangelo A. , Testai’ M. , Maugeri D. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionDelirium is a Acute Confusional State caused by physiological consequences of a medical disease, and is a predictive index of severity disease and survival time.MethodsIn this Study we valued, on random pool of 123 patients, the populations of older over 90yr aged recovered (29 patients) in the care of a RSA (Residential Sanitary Assisted in Italy or Nursing Home), compared with population younger afferent in RSA.ResultsIn the populations recovered in RSA studied is evident the prevalence of Delirium in the population over 90 year aged is most common compared to other population studied (44% vs 17%), as major seem to be the Incidence of Delirium in over 90 year population (33,3% vs 12,76%).This data confirm the existence of biological frailty in the very old over 90 year aged.Moreover this data demonstrate reduction of rates Delirium's Incidence compared with prevalence's rates in a Setting of Care focused elderly needs as RSA as other Non Geriatric Acute Setting. The 3-Months Mortality is major in the 90 year old compared to non 90 year old population (33,3% vs 18%) confirming a predictive role of Delirium.ConclusionsThis study showed Delirium is a Marker of Biological Frailty and it is an index predictive inauspicious about the survival of patient. Moreover is marked the RSA - Territorial Structures High Psycho-Geriatrics Contents - performs important role of delirium's prevention by means of removal of the risk factor avoidable and a careful control of causes.
P01-379 - Study on the Intestinal Endotoxemia in the Cell Apoptosis of Alzheimer Disease Rats
Authors: Wang F. , Han D. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectiveThe objective of the present study was to explore the intestinal endotoxemia (IETM) in the cell apoptosis of Alzheimer disease's rats which were established by D-galactose and aluminum trichloride (AlCl3).MethodsAdult wistar rats were subjected to 90 days of intraperitoneal injection with D-galactose and AlCl3 to establish the Alzheimer disease's model. After the administration, the study and memory ability of the Alzheimer disease's rats were observed by Morris water maze; The level of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the sera of Alzheimer disease's rats was determined by tachypleus amebocyte lysate method; The level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) in the sera of Alzheimer disease's rats were determined by radioimmunity method; The apoptotic neuron was detected by TdT-mediated dUTP Nick End Labeling (TUNEL).ResultsCompared with the normal control, the level of LPS, TNF-αin the sera and PD in the brine of Alzheimer disease's rats were markedly increased (P< 0.01).ConclusionsThe level of LPS, TNF-αin the sera and PD in the brine of Alzheimer disease's rats were markedly increased, IETM maybe an important reason of the apoptotic in Alzheimer disease.
P01-382 - Catatonic Features I Eople with a Learning Disability and Autism: Implications for Treatment
Authors: Brand Flu R. 
Published: June 2010

AimsTo extensively describe three patients including one child with catatonia anonymously in terms of etiology, management and outcome.MethodUncovering environmental factors and crude observations. All patients receive a low EE, low activity structured programmed.ResultsMark an adolescent with mild learning disabilities and autism developed catatonic features, coinciding with anorectic behavior and ‘tears behind his eyes’. He has remained refractory for medication. At admission under the above named regime he discloses sexually abuse, which coincides with resolvement of the catatonic features and anorexiaPeter a male in his late twenties has a diagnosis of schizophrenia due to recurrent catatonic features. An extensive developmental history reveals a childhood onset dysexecutive syndrome. He has remained refractory to medication, even when compliant. Following marked changes in his life, a relapse catatonia is treated in the community as above with visual augmentation and regular tutorials on events. A few months later he accepts medication and continues to incidentally experience a few days of mild catatonic features.Martha, a thirty year old with a tendency to concrete thinking and echolalia develops sudden catatonic features following a relationship break up. She is admitted under the mental health act and undergoes the described programme. She is also put on Citalopram 10mg, which coincides with resolvement of catatonia in five days.ConclusionCognitive impairment, particularly a dysexecutive syndrome is susceptibility for catatonia at a time of cognitive overload and trauma. An ongoing low EE low activity structured programme is key to recovery in milder cases.
P01-383 - Relationships Between Executive-cognitive Performances and Apathetic Dimension in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Di Rosa A.E. , Cambria R. , Pata M. , Crescenti M.C. 
Published: June 2010

Apathy could be considered as the reduction or loss of capacity to plan, organize and make emotionally motivated behaviours. It is related to an altered functioning of prefrontal cortex; and it can be found in many both psychiatric and neurological disorders, although temperamental traits of apathy could be identified also in healthy subjects.ObjectivesThe aim of our study is to assess the degree of apathetic dimension in healthy subjects and its correlation with the cognitive-executive functioning.Materials and methodsHealthy subjects of both sex (n=50) were evaluated with Wisconsin Card SortingTest (WCST), Stroop Color/Word InterferenceTest and AB-AC Test for the neurocognitive assessment; the Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES) was used to quantify the degree of apathy.ResultsPositive correlation between the degree of apathy and the number of WCST perseverations were observed (ρ=0.022), no correlations between the Stroop Test (ρ=0.702) and the AB-AC Test (ρ=0.448) with Apathy Evaluation Scale were observed.ConclusionsOur study demonstrated that apathy is related to widespread prefrontal cortex functioning in healthy subjects, but not with specific areas of prefrontal cortex.
P01-384 - First Episode Psychoses Psychometrical Evaluation: a 24 Months Observational Study with EASE and CAARMS
Authors: Cattaneo C.I. , Castignoli G. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionDuring last few years psychiatric research focused her attention on early psychotic disorders, Ultra High Risk subjects, at risk mental states (ARMS) etc in order to determine clinical criteria of prodromal illness states.At the state of the art there is no evidence-based-approved scale for early diagnosis and the studies are for the most part dedicated to schizophrenia spectrum disorders.MethodologyAll the patients clinically remitted, suffered from a psychotic disorder during last 12 months (including schizophrenia spectrum, brief psychoses, psychotic bipolar illness) and high-risk subjects will be recruited and re-interviewed by expert clinicians. Psychometric classic scales (CGI, PANSS, BCIS, GAF) will be administered at the start of the study and after 2 years.During the interviews two psychopatological scales will be also administered to all subjects ; a phenomenologically oriented one, EASE scale (Parnas et al 2003) and CAARMS (McGorry, Barnaby Nelson 2006).During the 2 years observation, clinicians are requested to follow-up the patients and describe clinical and psychopathological modifications.ResultsThe preliminary results will be presented at the congress.ConclusionThis study focuses attention on psychotic illness dimension in order to better comprehend and grasp psychotic patients’ experience. A relationship between CAARMS-EASE score and clinical outcome is expected and will be discussed; thus could reinforce diagnostic and prognostic inference of early-diagnosis psychopatological scales. Limits of our study are the small sample and the brief temporal observation but are typical real-world conditions.
P01-392 - Medical Diagnoses and Psychiatric Diagnoses - the Difference and the Ensuing Consequences in the Light of Immanuel Kant’s philosophy
Authors: Mäser O. 
Published: June 2010

Most medical diagnoses are based on symptoms and signs.Psychiatric diagnoses are based on symptoms and phenomena, as are certain other medical diagnoses.With reference to Immanuel Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason, it can be shown that symptoms and phenomena are ideal objects, which we conceive as terms in our mind.In contrast, physical signs refer to real objects, to objects in an absolute sense. Therefore, most medical diagnoses can be determined objectively on a physical basis.Ideal objects, such as psychopathological phenomena and symptoms, are mental schemes (schemes of terms in the mind) which do not refer to real objects and, consequently, we cannot prove them on a physical basis, only carefully weigh them in our mind and ponder the presence of a phenomenon (symptom).This is the major difference between objective medical diagnoses, on the one hand, and psychiatric diagnoses and medical diagnoses that cannot be proven on a physical basis, on the other.This basis of psychiatric knowledge needs to be acknowledged and taken into consideration both in psychiatric practice and in science.Ensuing consequences are discussed through reference to quotations from Immanuel Kant’s works and to Wilhelm Griesinger, who was aware of the symptomatological basis of psychiatric diagnoses.
P01-396 - Mediсo-psychological Problems of Vascular Disorders
Authors: Panchenko O. , Liakh Y. , Radchenko S. 
Published: June 2010

A research purpose is establishing a connection between the parameters of cerebral hemodynamics and psychological state at persons.Objective200 persons (20-55 years old) with the different state of vessels of cerebrum. In the (control) group 50 persons (30-42 years old) at which the state of the vascular system was within the limits of norm. In the II group - 70 man (34-46 years old) with discirkulyatory hypertensive encephalopathy (DE) II degrees, and in III - 80 persons in age 34-46 years, with the signs of DE III degrees.MethodsUltrasonic dopplerography vessels of cerebrum conducted in a duplex, as an ekstrakranial'nogo department: general carotid (WASP), vertebral artery (STEP), so transkranial'nym angioskanirovaniem: supratrochlear artery (NBA), perednemozgovaya artery (PMA) by the vehicle of «Sonomed-300». The got results were analysed in the statistical packages of Statistica 5.5, Statistica Neural Networks 4.0c, Medstat 2004.ResultsAt persons with the disease of discirkulyatory hypertensive encephalopathy II and the III degrees there were reliable changes of row of indexes. For the exposure of meaningfulness of influence of factor signs the logistic regressive model of prognostication of pathology of the state of the vascular system was built (p< 0,001).ConclusionsWe can diagnose development and burdening of vascular pathology, both ekstrakranial and intrakranial river-beds and to expose the early forming of vascular disorders which are, either in the phase of functional vascular violations or to warn development of complications at the expressed vascular pathology.
P01-397 - Clinical Relevance of Self-disorders (Ich-Störungen) in Schizophrenia: a Review of Studies on Diagnosis, Factor Structure and Outcome
Authors: Papageorgiou K. , Pintsov O. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectiveThe notion of “Ich-Störungen” (self-disorders) depicts a major aspect of Kurt Schneider's concept of first rank symptoms of schizophrenia. Terms such as “passivity phenomena”, “delusions of alien control” and “ego pathology” have been used to characterise these phenomena once postulated to be pathognomonic for schizophrenia. The present review focuses on clinical studies examining the symptoms’ diagnostic and nosological implications.MethodsWe conducted a semi-structured literature review. 374 references were obtained using the key words “ego disorder/(psycho)pathology”, “thought insertion”, “alien control”, “passivity symptoms/phenomena/experiences”, “first rank symptoms”, “schneiderian” and “self disorders”. We distinguished two major fields of research:(1)neurobiological and neuropsychological studies based on phenomenological or neurocognitive paradigms;(2)studies on diagnosis and nosology (including assessment instruments and factor analyses), outcome and prognostic value.Of the studies on the second field, 83 have clinical relevance and are reviewed here.ResultsSeveral specific instruments with sound foundations in psychopathology have been developed for the assessment of self-disorders; however, they have rarely been included in research. Factor analyses have consistently shown a highly loaded factor consisting of self-disorders, in some studies distinct from other first-rank symptoms. There is contradictory data on outcome and prognosis.ConclusionsSelf-disorders remain ill-defined and inconsistently included into diagnostic criteria, and therefore lack nosological significance. Their clinical relevance has been insufficiently studied, although they have been consistently shown to form a highly specific factor within the schizophrenia symptom spectrum. The present review stresses the need for a global definition of self-disorders on the basis of phenomenology.
P01-401 - Cancer in the Mind - Chemobrain in the Clinical Practice
Authors: Roque M. , Albuquerque E. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesAn approach to chemobrain as a neuropsychiatric entity.MethodsLiterature review on chemobrain (OVID, 1998-2009) and revision of the patient's clinical records, neuropsychological evaluation and imagiological studies.ResultsA 44 year old female without previous psychiatric history has presented anxious and depressive complaints on the diagnosis of invasive breast cancer (stage T2 N1 Mx). By then she was subjected to surgery (modified radical mastectomy), FAC chemotherapy (fluorouracil, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide) and radiotherapy. For two years since the treatment, the patient has been presenting a mood-independent syndrome, characterized by concentration and memory impairment, fatigue and anergic symptoms, not being able to accomplish her work-related intellectual functions, and refractory to psychopharmacotherapy. Brain scan pattern is not abnormal. These symptoms are described informally since the early 80's as a syndrome named chemobrain.ConclusionsAs intensive therapeutic schemes and long time survival become reality, attention must be drawn to possible obstacles in post-cancer quality of life. Lack of consensus on the diagnosis of chemobrain and the absence of pre-illness neuropsychological evaluations are thoroughly mentioned in the literature as obstacles to implement this diagnosis. However severe professional and social changes on the patient's abilities are surely noteworthy of further investments.