bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing barley yield potential and germination rate: gene editing of HvGA20ox2 and discovery of novel allele sdw1.ZU9
Authors: Xie Shanggeng , Wang Fengyue , Li Mengdi , Hu Zengjie , Wang Han , Zhang Zhizhong , Chen Xiang , Gu Zhiye , Zhang Guoping , Ye Lingzhen 
Published: May 2024

SUMMARYSeveral dwarf and semi‐dwarf genes have been identified in barley. However, only a limited number have been effectively utilized in breeding programs to cultivate lodging resistant varieties. This is due to the common association of dwarf and semi‐dwarf traits with negative effects on malt quality. In this study, we employed gene editing to generate three new haplotypes of sdw1/denso candidate gene gibberellin (GA) 20‐oxidase2 (GA20ox2). These haplotypes induced a dwarfing phenotype and enhancing yield potential, and promoting seed dormancy, thereby reducing pre‐harvest sprouting. Moreover, β‐amylase activity in the grains of the mutant lines was significantly increased, which is beneficial for malt quality. The haplotype analysis revealed significant genetic divergence of this gene during barley domestication and selection. A novel allele (sdw1.ZU9), containing a 96‐bp fragment in the promoter region of HvGA20ox2, was discovered and primarily observed in East Asian and Russian barley varieties. The 96‐bp fragment was associated with lower gene expression, leading to lower plant height but higher germination rate. In conclusion, HvGA20ox2 can be potentially used to develop semi‐dwarf barley cultivars with high yield and improved malt quality.
Potential importance of vegetative spread and fragment regeneration for invasiveness of Clematis vitalba
Authors: Jarvis‐Lowry Brenda , Harrington Kerry C. , Ghanizadeh Hossein , Robertson Alastair W. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIdentifying characteristics of invasive species or growth forms that facilitate their range expansion is critical for management. Clematis vitalba L. (old man's beard) is an invasive temperate liana in many areas of its introduction, yet its seedlings do not thrive in circumstances where resources are limited. Although some lianas in both tropical and temperate climates have been shown to spread by clonal stems along the ground, the bulk of previous research on C. vitalba reproduction has focused largely on aspects of seed ecology. The vegetative growth of the species is poorly understood. The first objective of our study was to evaluate the use of vegetative spread by C. vitalba as a means of local dispersal and population growth. We excavated ten 1‐m2 plots in infested riparian zones and found an extensive, branching network of creeping stems, both above and below ground. Our second objective was to test the ability of C. vitalba stem fragments to act as vegetative propagules. After 4 months, ~50% of two‐node fragments had regenerated, from both creeping and climbing stems. These studies help explain how a temperate liana forms populations and dominate ecological communities. The findings provide good evidence that C. vitalba may rely quite heavily on asexual reproduction. In addition, the results document liana stem phenotypic plasticity; fragmented climbing stems are just as likely as fragmented creeping stems to reprogram shoot tissue systems, generate roots and regrow as independent plants.
Deep genetic divergence among bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) of the Southwestern Atlantic
Authors: Villela Livia Bonetti , Carvalho Pedro Hollanda , de Vilasboa Anderson , Rodríguez‐Rey Ghennie Tatiana , Henning Frederico , Grothues Thomas , Solé‐Cava Antonio Mateo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNeglected cryptic diversity can lead to the permanent loss of locally adapted alleles, which can reduce resilience to rapid environmental change. It can also result in overestimation of fisheries stock sizes that can result from treating different species as if they belonged to one. Bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) is considered a circumtropical and subtropical species and an important fishery resource all over the world. Differences in ecologically relevant traits are observed among isolated populations. Also, in the Southwestern Atlantic, molecular data suggest multiple populations, but these are treated as a single fish stock by regulatory agencies due to a lack of definitive information. We used whole mitogenome sequences, nuclear (rho) and mitochondrial (coxI and cytb) genes, as well as microsatellites to investigate historical and current genetic population structure and parameters of bluefish in the Western Atlantic. A total of 263 samples were collected along the Brazilian coast and in the USA (New Jersey, Northwest Atlantic). Data revealed the existence of two evolutionarily significant units (ESU) of bluefish along the South American coast, later confirmed by whole mitogenome sequencing of both haplogroups. These two ESUs have a mostly parapatric distribution, with some areas of overlap, which vary along the year. We also conducted seasonal sampling in Brazil to investigate migration patterns. ESUs occur mostly north and south of parallel 23° 40′ S, with an overlap area that varied seasonally. The level of differentiation between those two ESUs in the SW Atlantic, even in sympatry, is as high as that found between them and those from the NW Atlantic and Europe. Parapatric distribution and restricted gene flow suggest the existence of ecological barriers and local adaptation. The splitting of an ancient population from the Southwestern Atlantic into two putative species is important to understand bluefish evolutionary diversification and has implications for fishery regulatory measures in Brazil.
Primary tracheoesophageal puncture in stapler-assisted laryngeal closure: a surgical modification
Authors: Riju Jeyashanth , Michael Rajiv C , Chetan Sheth Meet , Paulose Antony 
Published: May 2024

With the advancements in the medical field, many innovations in medical devices have happened. Using a surgical stapler to close the laryngectomy defect without opening the pharynx is particularly advantageous in a total laryngectomy (TL). However, performing the tracheoesophageal puncture (TEP) during stapler closure of the larynx has not been widely advocated, due to the fear of complications related to the procedure.We treated two male patients with advanced glottic malignancy who underwent a TL. To restore their ability to speak, we performed a primary TEP and immediate voice prosthesis placement. After the TEP, we closed the larynx using a stapler. The surgical technique used in this procedure has been thoroughly explained.The use of a surgical stapler for pharyngeal closure during a TL has several advantages, particularly with regard to the duration of surgery. The current techniques appear to be promising in reducing TEP-related complications during stapler-assisted laryngeal closure.
P077 What are the perspectives of key informants on the implementation hiv self-testing (HIVST) in england? a qualitative study of barriers, facilitators and anticipated impacts
Authors: Witzel TCharles , Burns Fiona M , Weatherburn Peter , Rodger Alison J 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionHIVST is a new approach for individuals to test themselves for HIV in a location and at a time of their choosing using a rapid diagnostic test. This approach has the potential to increase testing uptake and frequency. Questions remain about where and how to situate HIVST in a landscape of diverse HIV testing provision. This study aims to understand the perspectives of key informants on the implementation of HIVST.MethodsIn order to inform development an intervention for use in a trial recruiting men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender people, we conducted in-depth interviews with 17 key informants (KIs) including clinical staff in HIV and STI services, voluntary sector service providers and HIV testing commissioners. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using a thematic framework analysis.ResultsKIs valued HIVST for providing patients with additional choice. Careful attention to intervention design was important as local context and client group shaped anticipated patient response to HIVST. Interventions should deliver HIVST through integrated approaches that provide direct pathways into additional testing services and HIV care. Anticipated impacts were a loss of support from face-to-face testing services, the possibility of increased risk of self-harm, reduced STI detection, but conversely HIVST also increased potential for empowerment.DiscussionHIVST interventions should be responsive to context, taking into account both local and national needs. Concerns centred on potential negative impacts indicating that innovative service delivery designs which address these may be key to KI buy-in for HIVST implementation and patient outcomes.
O17 Transforming sexual health systems through online services
Authors: Baraitser Paula , Turner Katherine , Brady Michael , Sa Joia de , Syred Jonathan , Howroyd Chris , Holdsworth Gillian 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionOnline sexual health services can transform sexual health systems through increased access and self-management. They are one element of the whole sexual health economy. Best practice facilitates appropriate movement of users between online and clinic services according to their sexual health need.MethodsUsing routinely collected, anonymised service activity data, SHHAPT codes, and interviews with users/providers we studied online options for system transformation in sexual health services in two London Boroughs with high rates of sexual ill health. We focused on: Total sexually transmitted infection testing capacity; Access for new populations; Testing and treatment choices; Online contraceptive pills provisionResultsOnline services increase STI testing capacity, total testing in the area by 9.6% from 73,714 (01/04/14–31/3/15) to 80,757 (01/04/15–31/03/16). 90.8% of online users were asymptomatic with a positivity rate of 6.8%. Users move between online and clinic – 55% of online users had used a clinic within the last year and 6.8% of online users were referred to clinics. The online service engaged new populations – 19% of online users had never used a clinic before. 11,353 treatments for chlamydia were provided across the whole system (2015/16). A pilot of online treatment and partner notification shows 95% uptake demonstrating the potential impact of an online only chlamydia management pathway. Users engage with online medical histories, self reported blood pressure and SMS based clinical conversations for contraceptive prescribing.DiscussionOnline services can transform sexual health systems by increasing capacity, increasing access and by offering new treatment choices.
Thermodynamics of charged three-dimensional scalar-tensor black holes: the problem of mathematical inconsistency and its solution
Authors: Dehghani M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBy applying conformal transformations on the action of scalar–tensor-Euler–Heisenberg theory, we obtain the exact black hole (BH) solutions in its conformal related, the well-known Einstein frame. Through imposing the conditions of (a) vanishing the electric potential at large distance from the source and (b) validity of the first law of BH thermodynamics, we obtain a set of three requirements which are not consistent, mathematically. For solving this problem we assume that under conformal transformations the nonlinearity parameter of Euler–Heisenberg (EH) electrodynamics must transform as $$a\rightarrow ae^{4\alpha \phi }$$

a
→
a

e

4
α
ϕ

. Then, we obtain the exact solutions of this theory, in both of Einstein and Jordan frames, without any mathematical problems. After calculating thermodynamic quantities, we investigate validity of the thermodynamical first law (TFL) and thermal stability of the EH-BTZ BHs in both of Jordan and Einstein frames, separately.
Enhanced Cadmium Sensing in Fertilizer Samples using Zeolite-modified Graphite Electrode
Authors: Ait baha Abdellah , Rachid Idouhli , Tabit Kamal , Aboulaich Abdelmaula , Khadiri Mohy Eddine , Dikici Burak , Abouelfida Abdesselam 
Published: May 2024

The presence of heavy metals in fertilizers poses significant environmental and health risks, necessitating robust detection methods to ensure agricultural sustainability and food safety. This study focuses on synthesizing Na-P1 zeolite from coal fly ash and fumed silica wastes, employing it as a potent modifier in graphite electrodes to enhance the electrochemical detection of cadmium (II) in fertilizer samples. Through meticulous assessment using cyclic voltammetry (CV) in a potential window of −1.2 V to 0.5 V, square wave voltammetry (SWV) in a potential region of −1 V to 0.5 V, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in a frequency ranging from 100 kHz to 10 mHz under open circuit potential polarization, the electrochemical performance of the zeolite-modified graphite electrode (ZGE) was evaluated. The optimization process involved fine-tuning various parameters such as paste composition, solution pH, scan rate, and analyte concentration. Real sample analysis confirmed the applicability of the method in fertilizer samples. Notably, in an HCl medium (pH = 1.0), the SWV oxidation peak of Cd(II) was observed at −0.56 V (vs SCE) with a deposition time of 20 s and a scan rate of 75 mV∙s−1. The ZGE exhibited a remarkable detection limit of 1 μM, a quantification limit of 5 μM, and a high sensitivity of 6.581 μA/μM.cm2 within a linear detection range of 10−3–10−6 M. These findings highlight the potential utility of Na-P1 zeolite in handheld analytic device manufacturing, offering promising applications in environmental monitoring, resource management, and water and soil resource remediation.
Spatiotemporal Properties of Common Semantic Categories for Words and Pictures
Authors: Bezsudnova Yulia , Quinn Andrew J. , Wynn Syanah C. , Jensen Ole 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The timing of semantic processing during object recognition in the brain is a topic of ongoing discussion. One way of addressing this question is by applying multivariate pattern analysis to human electrophysiological responses to object images of different semantic categories. However, although multivariate pattern analysis can reveal whether neuronal activity patterns are distinct for different stimulus categories, concerns remain on whether low-level visual features also contribute to the classification results. To circumvent this issue, we applied a cross-decoding approach to magnetoencephalography data from stimuli from two different modalities: images and their corresponding written words. We employed items from three categories and presented them in a randomized order. We show that if the classifier is trained on words, pictures are classified between 150 and 430 msec after stimulus onset, and when training on pictures, words are classified between 225 and 430 msec. The topographical map, identified using a searchlight approach for cross-modal activation in both directions, showed left lateralization, confirming the involvement of linguistic representations. These results point to semantic activation of pictorial stimuli occurring at ∼150 msec, whereas for words, the semantic activation occurs at ∼230 msec.
Brain Stimulation of Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortices Influences Impulsivity in Delay Discounting Choices
Authors: Fan Cong , Sun Jiayi , Chen Xiwen , Luo Wenbo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Intertemporal decision-making is pivotal for human interests and health. Recently, studies instructed participants to make intertemporal choices for both themselves and others, but the specific mechanisms are still debated. To address the issue, in the current study, the cost-unneeded conditions (i.e., “Self Immediately – Self Delay” and “Other Immediately – Other Delay” conditions) and the cost-needed conditions (i.e., “Self Immediately – Other Delay” and “Self Delay – Other Immediately” conditions) were set with the identity of OTHER being a stranger. We manipulated the magnitude of reward (Experiment 1) and disrupted the activation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS; Experiment 2). We found that both the behavioral and rTMS manipulations increased smaller but sooner choice probability via reducing self-control function. The reduced self-control function elicited by rTMS affected both self- and other-related intertemporal choices via increasing the choice preference for smaller but sooner reward options, which may help people deeply understand the relationship between self- and other-related intertemporal choices in processing mechanism, especially when the OTHER condition is set as a stranger.
The Development of Socially Directed Attention: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study in Infant Monkeys
Authors: Kovacs-Balint Zsofia , Sanchez Mar M. , Wang Arick , Feczko Eric , Earl Eric , Styner Martin , Fair Damien , Bachevalier Jocelyne 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Socially guided visual attention, such as gaze following and joint attention, represents the building block of higher-level social cognition in primates, although their neurodevelopmental processes are still poorly understood. Atypical development of these social skills has served as early marker of autism spectrum disorder and Williams syndrome. In this study, we trace the developmental trajectories of four neural networks underlying visual and attentional social engagement in the translational rhesus monkey model. Resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) data and gaze following skills were collected in infant rhesus macaques from birth through 6 months of age. Developmental trajectories from subjects with both resting-state fMRI and eye-tracking data were used to explore brain–behavior relationships. Our findings indicate robust increases in functional connectivity (FC) between primary visual areas (primary visual cortex [V1] – extrastriate area 3 [V3] and V3 – middle temporal area [MT], MT and anterior superior temporal sulcus area [AST], as well as between anterior temporal area [TE]) and amygdala (AMY) as infants mature. Significant FC decreases were found in more rostral areas of the pathways, such as between temporal area occipital part – TE in the ventral object pathway, V3 – lateral intraparietal (LIP) of the dorsal visual attention pathway and V3 – temporo-parietal area of the ventral attention pathway. No changes in FC were found between cortical areas LIP-FEF and temporo-parietal area – Area 12 of the dorsal and ventral attention pathways or between Anterior Superior Temporal sulcus area (AST)-AMY and AMY-insula. Developmental trajectory of gaze following revealed a period of dynamic changes with gradual increases from 1 to 2 months, followed by slight decreases from 3 to 6 months. Exploratory association findings across the 6-month period showed that infants with higher gaze following had lower FC between primary visual areas V1–V3, but higher FC in the dorsal attention areas V3-LIP, both in the right hemisphere. Together, the first 6 months of life in rhesus macaques represent a critical period for the emergence of gaze following skills associated with maturational changes in FC of socially guided attention pathways.
Using the GEOS-5 Nature Run to Simulate 2053-nm Coherent Doppler Wind Lidar Observations
Authors: Karpowicz Bryan Mills , Privé N. C. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Wind observations are a critical part of the current global observation system used for numerical weather prediction (NWP). Wind lidars have been cited as precise instruments that can provide three-dimensional wind measurements. Several studies have conducted observing system experiments (OSEs) with existing lidar observations or observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs) with simulated lidar observations highlighting the benefits of wind lidar measurements to NWP. Previous studies using simulated lidar observations have typically tied aerosol optical properties to functions of relative humidity instead of to aerosol properties. A methodology is presented for simulating wind measurements from a novel 2053-nm lidar using aerosol properties derived using the GEOS-5 nature run, along with estimating winds derived from cloud information. Some assumptions regarding aerosol scattering and the distribution of clouds are explored, along with the role of observation weighting and implications for representativeness error. Results from a preliminary OSSE are presented highlighting the importance of assumptions used to derive data from cloud returns and aerosol scattering. While a longer duration study is required, results show a general reduction in analysis error when lidar measurements are ingested.
Assessing NOAA Rip-Current Hazard Likelihood Predictions: Comparison with Lifeguard Observations and Parameterizations of Bathymetric and Transient Rip-Current Types
Authors: Casper Audrey , Nuss Emma S. , Baker Christine M. , Moulton Melissa , Dusek Gregory 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Rip currents, fast offshore-directed flows, are the leading cause of death and rescues on surf beaches worldwide. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) seeks to minimize this threat by providing rip-current hazard likelihood forecasts based on environmental conditions from the Nearshore Wave Prediction System. Rip currents come in several types, including bathymetric rip currents that form when waves break on sandbars interspersed with channels and transient rip currents that form when there are breaking waves coming from multiple directions. The NOAA model was developed and tested in an area where bathymetric rip currents may be the most prevalent type of rip current. Therefore, model performance in regions where other types of rip currents (e.g., transient rip currents) may be more ubiquitous remains unknown. To investigate the efficacy of the NOAA model guidance in the context of different rip-current types, we compared modeled rip-current probabilities with physical-based parameterizations of bathymetric and transient rip-current speeds. We also compared these probabilities to lifeguard observations of bathymetric and transient rip currents from Salt Creek Beach, California, in summer and fall 2021. We found that the NOAA model skillfully predicts a wide range of hazardous parameterized bathymetric speeds but generally underpredicts hazardous transient rip-current speeds and the hazardous rip currents observed at Salt Creek Beach. Our results demonstrate how wave parameters, including directional spread, may serve as environmental indicators of rip-current hazard. By evaluating factors that influence the skill of modeled rip-current predictions, we strive toward improved rip-current hazard forecasting.

Significance Statement
The purpose of this study is to evaluate how well the NOAA rip-current hazard model predicts different rip-current types. Accurate forecasting of rip currents is important because rip currents are the leading cause of death and rescues at surf beaches worldwide. By comparing the performance of the NOAA model to parameterized rip-current speed and lifeguard observations of rip-current strength, we highlighted the model’s decreased ability to predict hazardous transient rip currents compared to hazardous bathymetric rip currents. Because bathymetric and transient rip currents are driven by different environmental conditions, an improved hazard model must be sensitive to these different conditions to predict a greater range of hazardous rip currents.