bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strenuous exercise promotes shear-induced thrombin generation by increasing the shedding of procoagulant microparticles from platelets
Authors: Chen Jan-Kan , Wang Jong-Shyan , Chen Yu-Wen 
Published: June 2010

SummaryVigorous exercise increases the risk of vascular thrombotic events. Shear stress enhances the shedding of procoagulant microparticles from platelets, and triggers thrombin generation (TG) in blood. This study explicates the manner in which strenuous exercise affects platelet- derived microparticles (PDMP) release and PDMP-mediated TG under various physio-pathological shear flows. Twenty-four sedentary healthy men performed a graded exercise test (up to VO2max) on a bicycle ergometer. At rest, immediately after and 2 hours after exercise, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was exposed in a cone-and-plate viscometer to imitate static (0 dyne/cm2), physiological low (LS, 10 dyne/cm2) and pathological high (HS, 100 dyne/cm2) shear stresses ex vivo. The PDMP characteristics and dynamic TG were measured by two-colour flow cytometry and calibrated, automatic thrombinography, respectively. The results demonstrated that there is an increased level of total PDMP to- gether with elevated peak height and rate of TG in PRP in response to both LS and HS conditions. Furthermore, HS, but not LS, promoted the binding of FV/Va or FVIII and the exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS) on platelets. Application of HS after strenuous exercise increased the factor (F)V/Va-/FVIII-/tissue factor-rich and PS-exposing PDMP counts, enhanced the PDMP-promoted peak height and rate of TG, as well as increased the ability of FV/Va or FVIII to bind to PDMP or platelets. However, the enhancement of HS-induced procoagulant activity reversed to the pre-exercise status 2 hours following this exercise. Therefore, we conclude that strenuous exercise modestly contributes to the acceleration of shear-induced TG by increasing the release of procoagulant microparticles from platelets.
Renal Microvascular Disease Determines the Responses to Revascularization in Experimental Renovascular Disease
Authors: Chade Alejandro R. , Kelsen Silvia 
Published: June 2010

Background—
Percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty (PTRA) is the most frequent therapeutic approach to resolving renal artery stenosis (RAS). However, renal function recovers in only 30% of the cases. The causes of these poor outcomes are still unknown. We hypothesized that preserving the renal microcirculation distal to RAS will improve the responses to PTRA.

Methods and Results—
RAS was induced in 28 pigs. In 14, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-165 0.05 μg/kg was infused intrarenally (RAS+VEGF). Single-kidney function was assessed in all pigs in vivo using ultrafast CT after 6 weeks. Observation of half of the RAS and RAS+VEGF pigs was completed. The other half underwent PTRA and repeated VEGF, and CT studies were repeated 4 weeks later. Pigs were then euthanized, the stenotic kidney removed, renal microvascular (MV) architecture reconstructed ex vivo using 3D micro-CT, and renal fibrosis quantified. The degree of RAS and hypertension were similar in RAS and RAS+VEGF. Renal function and MV density were decreased in RAS but improved in RAS+VEGF. PTRA largely resolved RAS, but the improvements of hypertension and renal function were greater in RAS+VEGF+PTRA than in RAS+PTRA, accompanied by a 34% increase in MV density and decreased fibrosis.

Conclusions—
Preservation of the MV architecture and function in the stenotic kidney improved the responses to PTRA, indicating that renal MV integrity plays a role in determining the responses to PTRA. This study indicates that damage and early loss of renal MV is an important determinant of the progression of renal injury in RAS and instigates often irreversible damage.
Bilateral downregulation of Nav1.8 in dorsal root ganglia of rats with bone cancer pain induced by inoculation with Walker 256 breast tumor cells
Authors: Miao Xue-Rong , Gao Xiao-Fei , Wu Jing-Xiang , Lu Zhi-Jie , Huang Zhang-Xiang , Li Xiao-Qing , He Cheng , Yu Wei-Feng 
Published: June 2010

Abstract

Background
Rapid and effective treatment of cancer-induced bone pain remains a clinical challenge and patients with bone metastasis are more likely to experience severe pain. The voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.8 plays a critical role in many aspects of nociceptor function. Therefore, we characterized a rat model of cancer pain and investigated the potential role of Nav1.8.

Methods
Adult female Wistar rats were used for the study. Cancer pain was induced by inoculation of Walker 256 breast carcinosarcoma cells into the tibia. After surgery, mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia and ambulation scores were evaluated to identify pain-related behavior. We used real-time RT-PCR to determine Nav1.8 mRNA expression in bilateral L4/L5 dorsal root ganglia (DRG) at 16-19 days after surgery. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to compare the expression and distribution of Nav1.8 in L4/L5 DRG between tumor-bearing and sham rats. Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) against Nav1.8 were administered intrathecally at 14-16 days after surgery to knock down Nav1.8 protein expression and changes in pain-related behavior were observed.

Results
Tumor-bearing rats exhibited mechanical hyperalgesia and ambulatory-evoked pain from day 7 after inoculation of Walker 256 cells. In the advanced stage of cancer pain (days 16-19 after surgery), normalized Nav1.8 mRNA levels assessed by real-time RT-PCR were significantly lower in ipsilateral L4/L5 DRG of tumor-bearing rats compared with the sham group. Western-blot showed that the total expression of Nav1.8 protein significantly decreased bilaterally in DRG of tumor-bearing rats. Furthermore, as revealed by immunofluorescence, only the expression of Nav1.8 protein in small neurons down regulated significantly in bilateral DRG of cancer pain rats. After administration of antisense ODNs against Nav1.8, Nav1.8 protein expression decreased significantly and tumor-bearing rats showed alleviated mechanical hyperalgesia and ambulatory-evoked pain.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that Nav1.8 plays a role in the development and maintenance of bone cancer pain.
Insulin-like growth factor II mRNA binding protein 3 (IMP3) is overexpressed in prostate cancer and correlates with higher Gleason scores
Authors: Ikenberg Kristian , Fritzsche Florian R , Zuerrer-Haerdi Ursina , Hofmann Irina , Hermanns Thomas , Seifert Helge , Müntener Michael , Provenzano Maurizio , Sulser Tullio , Behnke Silvia , Gerhardt Josefine , Mortezavi Ashkan , Wild Peter , Hofstädter Ferdinand , Burger Maximilian , Moch Holger , Kristiansen Glen 
Published: June 2010

Abstract

Background
The oncofetal protein insulin-like growth factor II mRNA binding protein 3 (IMP3) is an important factor for cell-migration and adhesion in malignancies. Recent studies have shown a remarkable overexpression of IMP3 in different human malignant neoplasms and also revealed it as an important prognostic marker in some tumor entities. To our knowledge, IMP3 expression has not been investigated in prostate carcinomas so far.

Methods
Immunohistochemical stainings for IMP3 were performed on tissue microarray (TMA) organized samples from 507 patients: 31 normal prostate tissues, 425 primary carcinomas and 51 prostate cancer metastases or castration-resistant prostate cancers (CRPC). IMP3 immunoreactivity was semiquantitatively scored and correlated with clinical-pathologic parameters including survival.

Results
IMP3 is significantly stronger expressed in prostate carcinomas compared to normal prostate tissues (p < 0.0001), but did not show significant correlation with the pT-stage, the proliferation index (MIB1), preoperative serum PSA level and the margin status. Only a weak and slightly significant correlation was found with the Gleason score and IMP3 expression failed to show prognostic significance in clinico-pathological correlation-analyses.

Conclusions
Although IMP3 is overexpressed in a significant proportion of prostate cancer cases, which might be of importance for novel therapeutic approaches, it does not appear to possess any immediate diagnostic or prognostic value, limiting its potential as a tissue biomarker for prostate cancer. These results might be corroborated by the fact, that two independent tumor cohorts were separately reviewed.
Assessment of adverse effects in clinical studies of antipsychotic medication: survey of methods used
Authors: Pope Alison , Adams Clive , Paton Carol , Weaver Tim , Barnes Thomas R. E. 
Published: June 2010

BackgroundClinical studies of antipsychotic medication are a primary source of data on the nature of, and relative liability for, adverse effects, relevant to prescribing decisions in clinical practice.AimsTo identify how safety and tolerability data were collected and reported in recent clinical studies of antipsychotics.MethodA survey was conducted of all 167 eligible studies published between 2002 and 2007 on the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group register.ResultsExtrapyramidal side-effects (EPS) and weight gain were most frequently assessed. A minority of reports addressed metabolic abnormalities, aversive subjective experiences and sexual dysfunction. Published rating scales were frequently used to evaluate EPS, but systematic methods were rarely applied to other treatment-emergent problems. The definition of individual adverse effects and the manner of reporting were inconsistent.ConclusionsThe way in which safety and tolerability data are collected and reported in clinical studies does not allow for fair and meaningful comparison of the relative risk profiles of individual antipsychotic drugs.
The National Dementia Strategy: innovation or reiteration
Authors: Hilton Claire 
Published: June 2010

SummaryThe National Dementia Strategy is based on constructive ideas to develop services for people with dementia, their families and carers. However, it is likely that this new strategy will have little impact because it is neither adequately funded nor mandatory. This opinion is based on patterns of implementation of healthcare policy in the UK over many years, especially that relating to the mental health needs of older people.
Solution-focused psychiatry
Authors: Bakker Jan Martijn , Bannink Fredrike P. , Macdonald Alasdair 
Published: June 2010

SummarySolution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) can be widely implemented in psychiatric practice as a short form of psychotherapy that reinforces the client's autonomy and focuses on what the client wants instead of on the problem. It was developed by an iterative process of removal from existing therapy of any features not found to promote good outcomes for the attenders. Research indicates that SFBT is effective and cost-efficient, and when used in practice makes the psychiatrist's work more satisfying. It can be used as a primary intervention, for example during crisis intervention, as a formal psychotherapy and as an addition to pharmacotherapy.
The experience of a smoke-free policy in a medium secure hospital
Authors: Shetty Abhijeeth , Alex Rajesh , Bloye Darran 
Published: June 2010

Aims and methodA Trust-wide smoke-free policy was introduced in March 2007. This service evaluation retrospectively reviewed the outcome by focusing on recorded changes in behaviour, incidents and prescribing.ResultsThe majority of patients (89%) smoked before the smoke-free policy. There was no significant change in the rate of clinical incidents or the use of tranquillising medication at 3 months and 12 months post-implementation. Clozapine serum levels were raised significantly, necessitating dose reduction in 17% of patients. Fifty-four per cent of patients used nicotine replacement therapy and a small minority continued this treatment for 12 months.Clinical implicationsDespite initial concerns there were no significant problems in implementation of the smoke-free policy. This was assisted by extensive preparation, education, patient advocacy and access to treatment beforehand.
A Fair Deal for mental health includes local rehabilitation services
Authors: Killaspy Helen , Meier Richard 
Published: June 2010

SummaryLack of policy for mental health rehabilitation services has led to disinvestment and expansion of out-of-area placements in in-patient, nursing and residential care settings in the independent sector. Although a minority provide very specialist services that cannot be provided locally, and many provide good-quality care, there are significant concerns about the lack of rehabilitation focus in some of those services, poor links with local care managers and the social dislocation caused by being placed many miles from home. Additionally, out-of-area placements cost more than local rehabilitation services. There is, therefore, a compelling case for all individuals with complex mental health problems to have access to local rehabilitation services in order to expedite their recovery and social inclusion. The Faculty of Rehabilitation and Social Psychiatry of the Royal College of Psychiatrists has recently published a service template to guide commissioners and service providers in the UK in the kinds of rehabilitation services they need to provide locally.
Ag–TiO2/Clay Composite Photocatalyst for the Oxidation–Cyclization of 1,2-Diamine Compounds with Propylene Glycol or Alcohols
Authors: Selvam Kaliyamoorthy , Annadhasan Mari , Velmurugan Rengasamy , Swaminathan Meenakshisundaram 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Silver-loaded TiO2 (Ag–TiO2) and acidic clay (K10 montmorillonite) composite photocatalyst has been successfully applied for the light-induced conversion of o-phenylenediamine (OPD) and its derivatives to substituted benzimidazoles with various alcohols in acetonitrile using UV-A and solar light. The influence of the various photocatalysts, solvents, and substituents on the yield and selectivity of the products has been investigated. The mechanism of photocatalysis is proposed. Loading silver on TiO2 enhances product yield and selectivity both in UV and solar light. In the presence of primary alcohols, 2-aminothiophenol forms only disulfide and hence Ag–TiO2/clay can be used as a green catalyst for the synthesis of disulfides.
Selenium-Catalyzed Deoxygenative Reduction of Aliphatic Nitro Compounds with Carbon Monoxide
Authors: Nishiyama Yutaka , Ikeda Sadatatsu , Nishida Hiroaki , Umeda Rui 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
A reduction method of aliphatic nitro compounds to oximes using carbon monoxide was developed. When aliphatic nitro compounds were treated with carbon monoxide in the presence of a selenium catalyst, the corresponding oximes were formed in moderate to good yields.
Glucose meters: evaluation of the new formulation measuring strips from Roche (Accu-Chek) and Abbott (MediSense)
Authors: Dimeski G , Jones B W , Tilley V , Greenslade M N , Russell A W 
Published: June 2010

Background Both Roche and Abbott have released new glucose meter strips. They supply the entire Australian hospital market. The present study compared the performance of the new strips utilizing various specimen types (capillary, venous lithium heparin whole blood, venous lithium heparin plasma and serum) and evaluated how well they comply with the International Standards Organization (ISO) 15197 criteria. Methods The study included imprecision, patient comparison and interference studies. Participants with and without diabetes were recruited to evaluate the performance of various specimen types against the Beckman DxC800 glucose method. The strips were tested for different interferences: galactose, maltose, lactose, Icodextrin, Intragam, paracetamol, sodium, ascorbic acid, variable strip storage temperature, haematocrit, haemolysis and lipaemia. Results The imprecision of the two strips was ∼5% or less, except for the Abbott strip at very low values (1.4 mmol/L), ∼7%. In total, 78% and 84%, respectively, of the results from the finger prick capillary specimens with the Roche (Accu-Chek Performa meter) and Abbott (Optium Xceed meter) strips, not 95% or greater as recommended by the ISO guideline, were within the recommended limits compared with reference plasma estimation on laboratory analysers. Galactose, ascorbic acid, haematocrit and sodium on the Roche and ascorbic acid and haematocrit on the Abbott strip continue to interfere to a variable degree with the glucose measurement. Conclusion Analytically small differences exist between the glucose meter strips. The most significant analytical difference with the strips was at low glucose levels when compared with laboratory analyses and this may be of clinical importance. The impact of some of the interferences is variable between the two strips. Individuals, health-care professionals and health-care institutions should consider these data when selecting glucose meters for the management of people with diabetes mellitus.
Anticholinergic Use in Children and Adolescents After Initiation of Antipsychotic Therapy
Authors: Hong Irene Seunghyun , Bishop Jeffrey R 
Published: June 2010

Background: Second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) are thought to have a lower likelihood of inducing extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) than are first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs). Clinical observations suggest that younger patients may be more sensitive to SGA-associated EPS than are adults and require therapy with anticholinergic agents. Objective: To determine the proportion of patients 5–18 years of age who received anticholinergic therapy during the initial stages of antipsychotic treatment, as well as to compare anticholinergic utilization across patients receiving aripiprazole, risperidone, and quetiapine. SGAs previously identified as the most commonly prescribed at the academic institution studied. Methods: Patients 5–18 years of age who were initiating a course of an antipsychotic between January 1, 2005, and September 1, 2008, were identified in a retrospective review of prescription and medical records. Data on demographic characteristics, antipsychotic and anticholinergic utilization, indications, diagnoses, and concomitant medications were collected from the medical record. Only the first therapeutic course of an antipsychotic identified was analyzed. Anticholinergic utilization at antipsychotic initiation and after 30 days was assessed. Results: A total of 235 antipsychotic treatment courses were identified. Of these, 152 patients met our inclusion criteria. Anticholinergic utilization at any time during the first 30 days of treatment was identified in 32 patients (21%), while EPS was documented for 12 patients (8%). FGA or polypharmacy (simultaneous use of ≥2 scheduled antipsychotic) use versus SGA use (OR 18.98; 95% CI 4.74 to 75.95) was the primary characteristic significantly associated with anticholinergic utilization within 30 days after initiation. Of the most commonly used SGAs, risperidone was the drug with which anticholinergics were most frequently prescribed (p = 0.03). Conclusions: Anticholinergic prescribing exceeded the incidence of EPS, as documented in the medical record (21% vs 8%), and differed across individual medications and antipsychotic class. Utilization of FGAs or polypharmacy was a key predictor of anticholinergic use.
Management of Hypertension in Renal Transplant Patients: A Comprehensive Review of Nonpharmacologic and Pharmacologic Treatment Strategies
Authors: Dunn Brianne L , Teusink Ashley C , Taber David J , Hemstreet Brian A , Uber Lynn A , Weimert Nicole A 
Published: June 2010

Objective: To review the guidelines and literature for the treatment of hypertension in renal transplant patients and to provide guidance to practitioners in the selection of appropriate nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic treatment options. Data Sources: A PubMed search (January 1948–March 2010) was performed using the search terms hypertension, antihypertensive agents, blood pressure, and cardiovascular disease, in combination with renal transplant and kidney transplant. The search was limited to articles published in English. All relevant peer-reviewed original studies, meta-analyses, guidelines, consensus statements, and review articles were examined. In addition, reference citations from publications identified were reviewed. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All literature found was evaluated for inclusion. Review articles as well as prospective and retrospective original research articles were reviewed. Data Synthesis: Hypertension after solid organ transplantation is a problem commonly encountered in patients during their posttransplantation clinic visits. Effective management of these patients' hypertension is crucial, as hypertension left untreated may lead to increased morbidity and mortality as well as graft loss. The unique, multifactorial etiology of hypertension in this population makes treatment choices more challenging compared to treatment of a nontransplant patient. Therefore, to guide practitioners in this process, we developed a hypertension management protocol, taking into account the unique considerations faced in the adult renal transplant population. The review guides practitioners from the initial assessment of patients' hypertension through the evaluation and selection of nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic treatment options and provides information about the discontinuation of certain antihypertensive medications. It also provides a concise, but comprehensive review of the major antihypertensive drug classes and economic considerations. Conclusions: The management of hypertension in posttransplantation patients is challenging and complicated, yet necessary to prevent morbidity, mortality, and graft loss for these patients. Therapy should be individualized based on patient assessment, response to previous therapy, and economic considerations.
Effect of amine ligand, copper/amine ratio, and pH on copper adsorption into wood
Authors: Lee Myung Jae , Cooper Paul 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
To measure the chemical adsorption capacity of wood for copper (Cu) and amine in Cu-amine solution, Cu was formulated with different ratios of mono- (Mea), di- (Dea), tri- (Tea) ethanolamine, ethylenediamine (En) and ammonia (Am), and the Cu adsorption was compared with the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.). The chemisorption capacity of the wood for Cu was highly pH dependant and varied with ligand types investigated in this study. Although wood chemisorption capacity increases with pH, high amine ratio Cu-ethanolamine complexes showed very limited adsorption at high pH owing to competition with free ethanolamine in combination with the formation of uncharged ion complexes. During Cu-Mea treatment, negligible Cu2+ was converted to Cu+ and no significant delignification was detected even at very high Mea ratios. Cu appeared to be adsorbed as if it were singly charged, even though most of the complexes present are 2+ charged. The three ethanolamine ligands generally showed similar adsorption tendencies, although their pH dependencies differed. Cu in En was much less adsorbed at intermediate pH compared with the CEC, but had higher adsorption at high pH. Cu in Am also showed higher adsorption at high pH compared with Mea and the [Cu(NH3)(H2O)5]2+ form of Cu might be fixed in wood.