bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production environment recording
Authors: Scherf B. , Tixier-Boichard M. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryImproved understanding of the adaptation of livestock breeds to their production environments is important for many decisions in the field of AnGR management, ranging from genetic improvement to conservation. However, adaptation is complex and difficult to measure. One approach to this problem is to characterize adaptation indirectly by describing the production environments in which a breed has been kept over time, and to which it has probably become adapted. Comprehensive and comparable descriptions of the production environments in which animals are kept are also needed to make meaningful evaluations of performance data and to enable comparative analysis of the performance of different breeds. To address these requirements and in accordance with the Global Plan of Action for Animal Genetic Resources, it has been proposed that a recognized set of “production environment descriptors“ should be established and used throughout the world as a common framework for describing breeds' production environments. An important aspect of the process will be the georeferencing of breed distributions, which will allow them to be linked to a range of existing georeferenced data sets (e.g. climatic data). The link between a breed and a specific production environment may offer a basis for the development of a niche market; examples in include the Bresse chicken of France and the Abondance and Tarentaise cattle breeds of the northern Alps. Such niche markets represent important opportunities for keeping traditional breeds in use.
Evaluación de la variabilidad y potencial genético de poblaciones de bovinos criollos colombianos
Authors: Martínez R. , Gallego J. , Onofre G. , Pérez J. , Vasquez R. 
Published: August 2011

ResumenEl presente trabajo presenta un análisis de la variabilidad y el potencial genético de las poblaciones de bovinos criollos utilizados en un Programa Nacional de Fomento, desarrollado por organimos gubernamentales (Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural, Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario y Corpoica). Se hizo el análisis de la información productiva de poblaciones de las razas Romosinuano, Costeño con Cuernos, Sanmartinero y Blanco Orejinegro, mediante el uso de la metodología BLUP, se calcularon los valores genéticos directos para peso al nacimiento, destete, 16 meses y ganancia de peso al destete y se realizó el análisis de la distribución de los animales por sus valores genéticos. Se encontró que en cada una de las razas existe una alta proporción de animales con valores genéticos positivos, siempre superior al 50%, lo cual indica una amplia variabilidad genética y posibilidad de selección de individuos mejoradores, que asegurarán el progreso genético en el programa de fomento que será desarrollado.
INDIGENOUS PIG OF NIGERIA
Authors: Pathiraja N. , Oyedipe E. O. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYIndigenous pigs of West Africa form the majority of the pig population in Nigeria. They are very precocious but have low prolificacy, a low growth rate and poor carcass characteristics. However, the ability to thrive on low-quality diets in stressful environments is quite remarkable. In recent years, there has been a steady decline in the indigenous pig population. Therefore, conservation of the germplasm of this valuable genetic resource is highly desirable.
DAIRY CATTLE BREEDING PROGRAMME AND GENETIC PROGRESS IN KENYA
Authors: Mzee R. M. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYThe state of the dairy herd in Kenya is described. The organization of the national dairy cattle breeding programme and the sire evaluation methods used are discussed in the light of the available data (1978–1988) and the relevant bibliography It is underlined that it was only possible to keep-up milk production - which matches consumption - by a dairy cattle population growth of 220% in the past decade, while the average yield remained unchanged around 3500 kg milk/lactation. The author underlines the need to improve livestock management practices and the genetic potential of dairy cows as the only means to face the needs of a growing human population.
THE MAREMMANO HORSE
Authors: SiLvestrelli M. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYThe Maremmano horse, one of the most important and ancient Italian breeds, has a Stud Book only since 1980. This breed is used for saddle horse production, both as a purebred and as a crossbred. A systematic breeding programme has been implemented to maintain the old genotype and ensure wider variation within the breed.
GANADO POLLED CRIOLLO PEREIRA CAMARGO
Authors: Camargo A.H. Almeida 
Published: August 2011

RESUMENEn este artículo se describe el probable origen del ganado Polled Criollo Pereira Camargo, y el hábitat donde este ganado ha vivido y todavía vive hasta el día de hoy Se describe también sus características zootécnicas, aptitudes y cualidades.
ACHIEVEMENTS OF CHINESE SHEEP AND GOAT RAISING INDUSTRIES OVER THE LAST FORTY YEARS
Authors: Guangren Cheng , Naixiang Ma 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYThe people's Republic of China has been established for forty years. The sheep raising industries, the same as other industries has made tremendous developments and achievements since the Liberation in 1949. The population of sheep and goat has increased four times from 42.35 million in 1949 to 211.64 million heads in 1989. The breed characteristics have also changed greatly in appearance on the basis of large scale crossbreeding programmes. Grease wool yield has increased in China from 33,500 tons in 1950 to 254,000 tons in 1989 and other sheep and goat products have gained to a substantial extent. Meantime, the sheep and goat scientific and technological work and services have developed quickly over the same period.
LE MOUTON BRETON
Authors: Denis B. , Malher X. 
Published: August 2011

RÉSUMÉLe mouton d'Ouessant est bien connu, en raison notamment de sa petite taille. Son nom est d'apparition récente (moins de 50 ans) : auparavant, on connaissait le “Mouton breton” qui comprenait trois variétés et de nombreux types intermédiaires. Le plus commun était le “Mouton des Landes de Bretagne” qui semble avoir présenté des similitudes avec les moutons autochtones ayant peuplé toute la moitié nord de la France. La “Race de deux” doit son nom à sa prolificité, obtenue par croisement du Mouton des Landes de Bretagne avec la Flamande à la fin du 18ème siècle. Les plus petits animaux ont été regroupés beaucoup plus tard sous l'appellation “Ouessant” Contrairement à l'opinion courante, le “Mouton des Landes de Bretagne” et la “Race de deux” n'ont pas disparu mais subsistent avec des effectifs très faibles. Les principales caractéristiques des trois variétés sont sommairement présentées et leur intérêt, souligné.
THE LIPIZZANER IN ITALY
Authors: Borghese A. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYThe Lipizzaner is one of Europe's most ancient breeds; its history goes back to the early 16th century The original stock came from the North of Italy and Spain; six male lines introduced in the second half of the 18th century and the early 19th century, from Naples, the Austro-Hungarian empire, Denmark and Arabia upgraded the breed to its actual standard. The Italian national stud of Montemaggiore is perpetrating the Lipizzaner tradition. The horses are kept under extensive grazing conditions and all six “families” (Napolitano,Conversaro, Favory, Pluto, Maestoso and Siglavy) are present.
GOAT BREEDS IN ITALY
Authors: Rubino R. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYItalian autochthonous goats have been discriminated for centuries, first by laws which have limited their rearing, then because foreign breeds, such as Saanen and Alpine, were preferred. Recently, this trend changed and now the number of autochthonous goats is increasing. In Italy, the only goat which can be considered as being wild is the Capra di Montecristo. Among domesticated goats, the Vallese is classified as Capra prisca; the Maltese, the Rossa Mediterranea, the Garganica, the Orobica, the Frontalasca, the Verzaschese, the Sarda, the Argentata dell'Etna and the Locale are classified as Capra hircus hircus while the Girgentana is classified as Capra hircus girgentana.Data have been published on the production and reproduction of each of these breeds, on the importance of the populations and on development trends; many reports exist on the rearing areas of these breeds.
THE GOATS AND SHEEP OF THE DECCAN PLATEAU IN THE MAHARASHTRA STATE OF INDIA
Authors: Nimbkar C. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYSmall ruminants are important in the agricultural economy of Maharashtra. They convert poor quality roughages into milk for home consumption, highly prized meat, skins, excellent manure and coarse wool. The local breeds of goats and sheep have not been adequately defined and not much has been done for their genetic improvement. All the sheep belong to the Deccani breed type while there are three recognized goat breeds, i.e. Osmanabadi, Sangamneri and Surti. Both the goats and sheep are hardy animals, well adapted to harsh conditions but have a low production potential.
Inbreeding and loss of founder alleles in four variations of a conservation programme using circular mating, for Danish Shorthorn Cattle
Authors: Trinderup M. , Jørgensen J.N. , Hansen M. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryThe beef cattle breed Danish Shorthorn is used as a model for simulation of four variations of the circular mating scheme running for 50 years. Schemes 1 and 2 used a fixed exchange of bulls between female groups while schemes 3 and 4 used a random exchange of bulls between female groups. The number of bulls used in schemes 1 and 4 was 16 while the number of bulls used in schemes 2 and 3 was 8. Inbreeding levels were computed and gene dropping was applied to estimate the risk of founder allele loss. In the population of year 50 the inbreeding levels for the four mating schemes are not statistically different. The male founder alleles contribute strongly to the population of year 50. The female founder alleles are in greater risk of being lost than the male founder alleles.
EVALUATION AND CONSERVATION OF NATIVE STRAINS OF CHICKEN IN THE SABRAO REGION
Authors: Sheldon B.L. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYThe small amount of information available on native strains of chicken in the SABRAO region is surveyed. The need for well controlled experimental comparisons is emphasized as well as the need to obtain as complete a picture as possible of each population genotype. The desiderata for conservation programmes are discussed.
ORGANIZATIONAL ACTIVITIES FOR THE CONSERVATION OF FARM ANIMALS IN THE UNITED STATES
Authors: Brooke Clarke 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYThe American Minor Breeds Conservancy and the National Council on Gene Resources are organizations in the United States whose activities are either wholly or in part directed to the conservation of rare and threatened breeds of farm animals. Past and current projects, goals, and the kinds of services provided by the AMBC and the NCGR are presented in brief form.
ACTORS OF KEEPING AND MANAGING GENETIC RESOURCES OF FARM ANIMALS IN 1992
Authors: Lauvergne J.J. , Zafindrajaona P. Souvenir 
Published: August 2011

RÉSUMÉUne enquête au moyen d'un formulaire diffusé en 1992 dans le Bulletin d'informatzon sur les ressources génétiques animales (AGRI) a obtenu 80 réponses. On a pu ainsi identifier 77 organismes impliqués dans l'étude, la conservation et la gestion des ressources génétiques des animaux de ferme dans le monde. Ces organismes s'occupaient de 9 différentes espèces : l'âne, le boeuf, le buffle, le chameau, le cheval, la chevre, le lama, le mouton et le porc. Selon leur rattachement administratif ces organismes ont été classés en supra-gouvernementaux, gouvernementaux, para-gouvernementaux, non gouvernementaux et mixte (à la fois supra-gouvernementaux et gouvernementaux). L'activité de ces organismes pouvait être mondiale, régionale ou nationale. Les premiers organismes recensés ont commencé leur activité dans les années 40. L'augmentation du nombre de ces organismes est très nette au cours des décennies 70 et 80. Les derniers organismes créés sont des organismes mixtes qui rassemblent en réseau des laboratoires s'adonnant à l'analyse du génome de certaines espèces (BovMap, PigMap, SheepMap etc…). Les espèces qui suscitaient le plus d'intérêt étaient, dans l'ordre, le boeuf (36 organismes), le mouton (29), la chèvre (26), le cheval (12), le porc (7) suivi par le buffle (4). Cette première enquête est incomplète car seulement 40 pays sur les 182 ayant une activité d'élevage notable ont répondu. La reprise de l'enquête sur une base plus détaillée est souhaitable.
CONSERVATION OF ANIMAL GERMPLASM AT RISK OF EXTINCTION IN ITALY: THE CENTRE FOR THE DEFENSE OF ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES OF CIRCELLO
Authors: Matassino D. , Cappuccio A. , Grasso T. , Palazzo Marisa 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYAfter a rapid review of the sociocultural aspects justifying that rare breeds be protected, of the aim of a conservation programme. and of the possible strategies, this paper describes in details the activities implemented at the National Centre for the preservation of germplasm of animals at risk of extinction, at Circello, in the south of Italy. In this centre, established on 310 ha, are presently raised 281 animals of more than 30 different breeds, among which 11 cattle breeds, 7 sheep breeds and 10 goat breeds. Activities of the centre include preservation, description, multiplication, improvement and use of the breeds at risk. Collaboration with other insttitutions within the Mediterranean region are listed.
LE ROLE DES BIOTECHNOLOGIES DE LA REPRODUCTION POUR LA CONSERVATION DES RESSOURCES GENETIQUES ANIMALES
Authors: Chupin D. 
Published: August 2011

RESUMECet article analyse dans quelle mesure les nouvelles perspectives offertes par les biotechnologies de la reproduction s'appliquent aux activités de conservation des ressources génétiques animales. Ces activités ont été regroupées autour de cinq thémes: Décrire, Détruire, Défendre, Stocker, Recréer. Ces techniques n'apportent aucun plus pour la description des caractéristiques d'une population ou d'une race. La principals menace qui pése sur une race d'animaux domestiques est de disparaitre par croisement avec une autre, et l'insémination artificielle représente de ce point de vue un danger certain. Inversement, l'insémination artificielle peut devenir un instrument de défense des races locales. II serait plus difficile de trouver une justification A l'utilisation de la plupart des autres biotechnologies (transfert d'embryons, sexage, clonage) pour la protection et la promotion des races locales. Pour la conservation des ressources génétiques, la cryoconservation des spermatozdides et des embryons, mais également les ovocytes, voire des morceaux de gonades et des cellules somatiques est un outil irremplagable. La demiére partie présente des calculs sur les possibilités de re-création de races, selon la nature du matériel stocks.
Caracterización de los animales domésticos en España
Authors: Delgado J.V. , Barba C. , Camacho M.E. , Sereno F.T.P.S. , Martínez A. , Vega-Pla J.L. 
Published: August 2011

ResumenLa expansión actual de los criterios conservacionistas han promovido la utilización de las modernas metodologías que brinda la genética molecular para la caracterización de las razas, aunque la caracterización genética clásica basada en marcadores bioquímicos e inmunogenéticos se ha aplicado durante muchos años sobre todo en rumiantes y equinos en pruebas de identidad y control de filiación. El estudio del polimorfismo de los microsatélites del ADN han ofrecido muy buenos resultados, aunque también se ha trabajado con éxito en la investigación del ADN mitocondrial y de fragmentos de ADN amplificados aleatoriamente. En España estos métodos han sido utilizados en las especies bovina, ovina, caprina, porcina, equina y canina.De cualquier forma, es importante considerar que la obtención de perfiles genéticos poblacionales para los caracteres morfológicos y productivos, es obligada en una aplicación práctica de los resultados obtenidos con los marcadores genéticos. En el presente trabajo se describen las principales iniciativas desarrolladas en los aspectos mencionados, ubicando los equipos españoles especializados.
Establishing a National Focal Point for farm animal genetic resources in South Africa
Authors: Ramsay K. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryThe recent call from FAO to take part in the process of preparing the First Report on the State of the World Animal Genetic Resources (SoW) stressed the need to develop management capacity at country level to facilitate the preparation of country reports (CRs). A key role is played by the National Focal Points (NFPs) and the National Coordinators (NCs).A national workshop was held in South Africa in 1998 and a National Committee for Farm Animal Genetic Resources (FanGR) was established. The existing Indigenous Livestock Committee was reviewed and adapted to make it more focused on the management of FAnGR. At the same time a National Coordinator was also identified and the Animal Improvement Institute was nominated as national coordinating institute for FAnGR.The collaboration with some NGOs was strongly suggested, particularly with:a) the Farm Animal Conservation Trust (FACT), to assist with the conservation of farm animal genetic resources. This NGO was modelled on the Rare Breeds Survival Trust (RBST) in the United Kingdom and on Rare Breeds International (RBI)b) The South African Stud Book and Livestock Improvement Association (SASB) andc) many Rural Communities and National and Provincial animal genetic resource centresThe institutional frame for AnGR conservation in South Africa is briefly described, together with the aims of the South African conservation activities.
European approaches to conservation of farm animal genetic resources
Authors: Simon D.L. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYBased on several sources of information an overview has been given on the development, present situation and problems of conservation of animal genetic resources in Europe.Presently, 1 029 breeds of cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, horses and asses are registered by the EAAP-Animal Genetic Data Bank, Hanover. 42.8 % of the breeds are classified as being ‘at risk’. More than 360 conservation programmes are underway, which, however, in many cases seem to be operated independently of the status of endangerment and of similar breeds in other countries.The primary objectives of conservation in Europe, i.e. ‘conservation for potential use, later’ and ‘conservation for cultural reasons’, are different from the objective ‘conservation for sustainable use, now’, which is primarily expressed for developing countries. Different objectives call for different answers to questions, such as: are breeds appropriate units of genetic diversity, how should endangerment be defined, what should be conserved and is incrossing and selection compatible with conservation?In view of the large number of breeds ‘at risk’ and of similar breeds existing in different countries as well as the high costs of conservation it is concluded that characterisation of breeds for genetic uniqueness is presently the most urgent task in conservation. This requires effective co-operation across national borders in Europe.
NOTE ON THE FOUNDING OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR THE CONSERVATION OF THE EARLY DOMESTICATED ANIMALS OF SOUTHERN AFRICA
Authors: Bester J. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYSouth Africa is a major livestock region of the African continent and a country rich in local animal genetic resources (AnGR). Archaeological research and the important rock paintings found in the region confirm the existence of domesticated ruminant populations, at least baclc to 300 AD. The dwindling of the pool of AnGR in recent years justifies the creation of ACEDA, which can and should play a major role in AnGR conservation policy and activities.
European Commission Project: European Guideline for Target Group-Oriented Psychosocial Aftercare—Implementation
Authors: Vymetal Stepan , Deistler Albert , Bering Robert , Schedlich Claudia , Rooze Magda , Orengo Francisco , Zurek Gisela , Krtickova Michaela 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAfter disasters, the individual health and well-being of first responders and affected population are affected for years. Therefore, psychosocial help is needed. Although most victims recover on their own, a minority of survivors, members of rescue teams, or relatives develop long-term, disaster-related psychic disorders, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This subgroup especially should receive timely and appropriate psychosocial help. Many European countries offer post-disaster psychosocial care from a variety of caregivers (i.e., professionals and volunteers, non-governmental organizations, church or commercial organizations). Therefore, European standards for providing post-disaster psychosocial support currently is required. This article describes the project European Guideline for Target Group-Oriented Psychosocial Aftercare—Implementation, supported by the European Commission.
Language Abilities of Children Who Stutter: A Meta-Analytical Review
Authors: Ntourou Katerina , Conture Edward G. , Lipsey Mark W. 
Published: August 2011

Purpose
To identify, integrate, and summarize evidence from empirical studies of the language abilities of children who stutter (CWS) and children who do not stutter (CWNS).

Method

Candidate studies were identified through electronic databases, the tables of contents of speech-language journals, and reference lists of relevant articles and literature reviews. The 22 included studies met the following criteria: studied both children who did and did not stutter between ages 2;0 (years;months) and 8;0, and reported norm-referenced language measures and/or measures from spontaneous language samples amenable to effect size calculation. Data were extracted using a coding manual and were assessed by application of general and specialized analytical software. Mean difference effect size was estimated using Hedges’s
g
(Hedges, 1982).

Results

Findings indicated that CWS scored significantly lower than CWNS on norm-referenced measures of overall language (Hedges’s
g
= −0.48), receptive (Hedges’s
g
= −0.52) and expressive vocabulary (Hedges’s
g
= −0.41), and mean length of utterance (Hedges’s
g
= −0.23).

Conclusions
Present findings were taken to suggest that children’s language abilities are potentially influential variables associated with childhood stuttering.
The Future of the Android Operating System for Augmentative and Alternative Communication
Authors: Higginbotham Jeff , Jacobs Steve 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
We have experienced one of the most remarkable years in augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). The iPad, along with the iPhone, redefined mobile communications and personal computing technology. In the ensuing 9 months after the iPad's release, more than 50 non-iPad tablets have been developed and demonstrated at the 2011 Consumer Electronics Show and are ready for the consumer market. For the AAC consumer, the proliferation of these mainstream technologies will result in increasingly inexpensive hardware and software, availability of alternative access methods, opportunity to use standard software applications, and availability of applications that meet the specific needs of individual consumers. Because the Android platform is still in its infancy—especially with respect to AAC—we will focus on the potential effects this operating system could have on AAC. We will describe Android, its current offerings, and future possibilities. The emergence of iOS and Android has disrupted the AAC field, transforming the ways that we look at, purchase, and use technology.