bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
X‐band high‐power amplifier with a magnetically coupled power‐combiner
Authors: Lee Kyung‐Ai , Park Changkun , Chun Jong‐Hoon , Hong Songcheol 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn this article, a high‐power amplifier for X‐band application is studied, which consists of a two‐stage amplifier with magnetically coupled power‐combiners and dividers. These are based on transmission line transformers, which has lower loss characteristics than spiral‐type transformers at the frequencies. The proposed amplifier utilizes the voltage‐combining concept with the transformers and differential amplifiers. The size of the amplifier is also minimized by using the virtual grounds of the differential structure. The saturated output power of the power amplifier is 38.1 dBm (6.45 W), and the gain is 17 dB at 10 GHz. The area of the chip is 2.56 mm × 3.13 mm and the power density of the amplifier is 806 mW/mm2. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 110–113, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24851
Gain‐assisted metamaterial embedded with gain elements
Authors: Jiang Tao , Peng Liang , Huangfu Jiangtao , Wang Zhiyu , Luo Yu , Chen Hongsheng , Ran Lixin 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn this letter, an active metamaterial sample embedded with miniature monolithic microwave amplifiers is designed, experimentally realized, and measured. Experiments show that by proper design and direct current (DC) bias, the metamaterial sample provides almost linear amplification to an electromagnetic incidence, which can be used to compensate the loss inherent in traditional passive metamaterial and magnify the signal entered the metamaterial. This property would have important potentials in promoting the further researches of metamaterial‐based applications. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 92–95, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24871
A novel monopole antenna with a self‐similar slot for wideband applications
Authors: Song Kun , Yin Ying‐Zeng , Zhang Li 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn this article, a printed flame‐shaped monopole antenna with a self‐similar slot for wideband application has been presented and investigated. The wideband characteristic is easily achieved by inserting a self‐similar slot in the flame‐shaped radiator. The effect of the slot is investigated. We discover that the slot can be effectively used for bandwidth enhancement, while the position of the slot has a negligible effect on the performance of the proposed antenna. Experimental results show that the proposed antenna obtains a bandwidth from 2.65 to over 12 GHz with VSWR < 2. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 95–97, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24873
An eight‐phase divide‐by‐4 SiGe HBT ring‐oscillator‐based injection‐locked frequency divider
Authors: Wu Yuan‐Kai , Huang Jhin‐Fang , Chang Chia‐Wei , Jang Sheng‐Lyang 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis article presents an eight‐phase divide‐by‐4 silicon–germanium (SiGe) heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) injection‐locked frequency divider (ILFD). The ILFD is based on a four‐stage ring oscillator and was fabricated in the 0.35 μm SiGe 3P3M BiCMOS technology. The divide‐by‐4 function is performed by injecting a signal to the base of the tail HBT. At the supply voltage Vdd of 1.3 V and at the incident power of 0 dBm, the locking range is about 2.55 GHz from the incident frequency 12.7 to 15.25 GHz. The die area is 0.54 × 0.54 mm2. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 201–204, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24887
Design of a microstrip dual‐band filter with modified short‐circuit quarter‐wavelength resonators
Authors: Tang Ching‐Wen , Shen Che‐Wei 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA dual‐band microstrip bandpass filter is proposed. With the assistance of modified short‐circuit quarter‐wavelength resonators, the dual‐band bandpass filter can be developed. Theoretical analysis and design procedures are provided; the prototypical bandpass filter with dual passbands is fabricated and measured as well. Well‐matched simulated results and experimental data validate the proposed filter. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 236–239, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24889
Synthesis and characterization of asymmetric polyethersulfone membranes: effects of concentration and polarity of nonsolvent additives on morphology and performance of the membranes
Authors: Amirilargani Mohammad , Mohammadi Toraj 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn this study, effects of methanol, ethanol and 1‐propanol as variable nonsolvent additives (NSAs) on the morphology and performance of flat sheet asymmetric polyethersulfone (PES) membranes were investigated. The membranes were prepared from PES/Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)/N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP) system via phase inversion. The obtained results indicate that with the addition of NSAs to the casting solution, the membrane morphology changes slowly from macrovoids to an asymmetric structure with finger‐like pores. By increasing the NSAs concentrations in the casting solution and decreasing their polarities, the membrane structure changes from finger‐like pores to sponge. The AFM and SEM images reveal that addition of NSA to the casting solution decreases the pore size of the prepared membranes and reduces the pure water flux and BSA solution flux, while increasing the protein rejection. Surface analysis of the membranes showed that mean pore size and surface porosity of the prepared membranes with NSAs in the casting solution are smaller compared with those of the membrane prepared with no NSA. Pure water flux and BSA solution flux through the membranes decrease and BSA rejection increases with increase in the concentration of NSAs and decrease in their polarity. Finally, it can be concluded that the Tg values of the PES membranes increase by addition of NSAs to the casting solution. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long‐chain branched ROMP polymers
Authors: Hilf Stefan , Wurm Frederik , Kilbinger Andreas F. M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis article describes the construction of branched ROMP‐polymer architectures via polycondensation of ABn‐type macromonomers. For this convergent strategy, a polymer was synthesized that carries several hydroxyl‐groups along the polymer chain and one carboxylic acid group at the chain end. An esterification reaction between these functional groups yielded long‐chain branched polymers. The polymers were analyzed by NMR and SEC to monitor the condensation reaction. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2009
Knowledge about HIV infection and acceptability of HIV testing among women delivered in Podkarpackie Province, Poland
Authors: Raba Grzegorz , Skret‐Magierlo Joanna , Skret Andrzej 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the knowledge of pregnant Polish women regarding the risk of perinatal HIV transmission, the ways to reduce this risk, and the importance of HIV testing in pregnancy, as well as their willingness to be tested for HIV.MethodsA multicenter survey was conducted with 2123 pregnant women from Podkarpackie Province using a 4‐part questionnaire.ResultsOnly 15.4% of the women, mainly those with higher education, correctly assessed the risk of perinatal HIV transmission; 61.9% showed adequate knowledge of perinatal HIV transmission, mainly older, well‐educated, multiparas residing in towns; and 81.1% declared a willingness to undergo HIV testing, mainly well‐educated primigravidas in the 26 to 30 years age group residing in towns.ConclusionThese pregnant women from Poland, where prenatal HIV testing is rarely done, showed a limited knowledge of perinatal HIV transmission but a high willingness to undergo HIV testing.
Effect of the “cough technique” on cryotherapy freezing temperature
Authors: Winkler Jennifer L. , Singleton Jered , Loesel Charlie , Janmohamed Amynah , Jeronimo Jose 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the impact of the cough technique on the tip temperature reached in a cryotherapy device commonly used to treat precancerous cervical lesions.MethodsDuring February to March 2009, bench testing was conducted in Peru on 3 Wallach LL100 cryotherapy units using locally obtained carbon dioxide as the refrigerant. The temperature at the cryo tip was measured continuously with a thermocouple. Mean temperatures recorded with and without the cough technique were compared across the 3 cryotherapy devices.ResultsHigher mean temperatures were observed with the cough technique (− 21.7 °C [95% CI, − 23.0 to − 20.4]; − 22.0 °C [95% CI, − 24.2 to − 19.7]; − 29.4 °C [95% CI, − 30.3 to − 28.6]) compared with mean temperatures observed with the standard procedure (− 38.6 °C [95% CI, − 44.8 to − 32.4]; − 36.0 °C [95% CI, − 43.5 to − 28.5]; − 41.4 °C [95% CI, − 49.8 to − 33.0]). No test performed with the cough technique reached a temperature below − 33 °C.ConclusionHigher temperatures were observed when the cough technique was used. Caution should be exercised by practitioners who use this procedure when performing cryotherapy because the temperatures obtained may not be sufficient to destroy precancerous tissue.
Serotype distribution and antibiotic susceptibility of group B streptococci in pregnant women
Authors: DHANOA A. , KARUNAKARAN R. , PUTHUCHEARY S. D. 
Published: November 2009

SUMMARYGroup B streptococcus (GBS) is a leading cause of neonatal sepsis and is usually acquired via the woman's birth canal. GBS serotypes isolated from 200 pregnant women were determined. Serotypes V (19%) and VI (17%) were the most frequent followed by serotypes III (12%), Ia (11·5%) and IV (10%); 17% of the strains were non-typable. All isolates were susceptible to penicillin, 96% to erythromycin and 97·5% to clindamycin. The emergence of new GBS serotypes has important implications for vaccine prevention strategies.
The ‘anthropologization’ of archaeological heritage
Authors: Kolen Jan 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWith the growing impact of postprocessual orientations, archaeologists have become increasingly aware that the production of values resides in all aspects of archaeological research. This awareness has also paved the way for a more encompassing concept of archaeological heritage, which of course not only includes the management of material traces but also the transmission of values through archaeological practice, method and theory. Many archaeologists and heritage managers now propagate the belief that reflecting on value production will better equip archaeology for ethical concerns or that it will improve its engagement with society, and that adopting anthropological perspectives and key notions may help to achieve this goal. This contribution explores the opposite proposition: that an anthropologically informed reflexive attitude is important to understand present-day heritage practices, but in most cases it is desirable for archaeologists to tell stories about the past, not about themselves, in order to be really engaged with public and ethical issues. Arguments for this proposition can be derived from the discipline's specific articulation of discovery, difference and time depth (including the ‘long term’), which traditionally shape archaeological research and narrative to a high degree, not only within academic discourse but also in a wider social setting.
First Report of Downy Mildew Caused by Peronospora trigonellae on Fenugreek in the United States
Authors: Rooney-Latham S. , Blomquist C. L. , Turney J. 
Published: November 2009

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) is a member of the Fabaceae family and is grown worldwide for culinary and medicinal purposes. The leaves are used as an herb while the seeds are used whole, ground as a spice, or germinated and used as sprouts. In November 2008, a fenugreek plant exhibiting leaf spotting and severe stunting was submitted to the CDFA Plant Pest Diagnostics Laboratory from the Los Angeles County Plant Diagnostic Laboratory. The county had received the sample from a homeowner who reported severe dieback of the fenugreek in his backyard planting. The fenugreek is grown by the resident as an annual and is propagated each year from the previous crop's seed. The seed was originally obtained from a local ethnic grocery store in Lakewood, CA. The homeowner stated that he had noticed symptoms for a number of years and that they seemed especially severe during the winter months. The adaxial surfaces of the leaves exhibited small chlorotic spots often at the leaf margins, while the abaxial surfaces exhibited a grayish violet, felty growth. Conidiophores found on the underside of the leaves branched dichotomously 6 to 10 times and were terminally forked. Conidiophores measured 280 to 525 μm (average 420 μm) with slightly swollen bases (7.5 to 10 μm broad). Conidia were slightly pigmented, oblong to ellipsoid, and measured 23 to 33 × 18 to 23 μm (average 27.8 × 20.3 μm). Globose oospores with verruculose walls measured 30 to 40 μm in diameter (average 36.1 μm) and were found embedded in the leaf tissue of older lesions. The pathogen was identified morphologically as Peronospora trigonellae Gaum. (3). Sequences of a portion of the rDNA, including the internal transcribed spacer regions, were obtained using primers DC6 and ITS6 (1). Sequence data for P. trigonellae had not previously been entered into GenBank and no identity was obtained. Pathogenicity experiments attempted by spraying healthy fenugreek seedlings with conidial suspensions were unsuccessful, presumably because of the age of the inoculum. Since fenugreek is not commercially grown in California, the economic importance of this disease is limited. Although P. trigonellae has been reported on fenugreek in Algeria, India, Pakistan, and the United Kingdom (2–4), to our knowledge, this is the first report of its occurrence in California and the United States. A specimen of P. trigonellae has been deposited in the U.S. National Fungus Collection (BPI 879153). References: (1) D. E. L. Cooke et al. Fungal Genet. Biol. 30:17, 2000. (2) D. F. Farr et al. Fungal Databases. Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory. Online publication. ARS, USDA, 2009, (3) E. A. Gaumann. Beitr. Kryptogamenflora Schweiz 5:216, 1923. (4) D. R. Jones et al. Plant Pathol. 56:891, 2007.
First Report of Bursaphelenchus pinophilus on Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis)
Authors: Han H. , Chung Y.-J. , Shin S.-C. 
Published: November 2009

The genus Bursaphelenchus Fuchs, 1937 contains approximately 90 species (3) that are morphologically similar. Pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (4) Nickle, 1970, is the causal organism of pine wilt disease and accurate identification is essential for diagnosis of the disease. In Korea, pine wilt disease was first reported in 1988 and devastated 6,800 ha of pine forest through 2008. For a survey of trees with pine wilt disease, wood samples were taken randomly from dead Pinus koraiensis in Namyangju, Gyeonggi Province in Korea. The extracted nematodes from dead trees were maintained in culture on Botrytis cinerea and morphological characteristics were observed with an inverted light microscope (Leica DE/DMI 3000B). Identification of Bursaphelenchus spp. based on morphological characteristics is difficult, especially for identification of juveniles that carry few morphological features for species identification. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region in ribosomal DNA provides useful molecular diagnostic markers for this genus (1). The nematodes were provisionally identified as Bursaphelenchus pinophilus based on the characteristic long and arcuate body shape, male spicule with distinctive rostrum and small cucullus, female vulval flap, and mucronate conical tail. Other Bursaphelenchus spp. with vulval flaps and spicules with cucullus are B. xylophius, B. mucronatus, B. abruptus, and B. pinophilus. For molecular diagnosis, DNA was extracted from more than 30 individual nematodes with a DNeasy Kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA) and ITS regions 1, 2, and 5.8S in rDNA were amplified by PCR (US/PTC-0220; Bio Rad, Hercules, CA). The ITS-restriction fragment length polymorphism pattern was consistent with that of B. pinophilus (2). The ITS rDNA sequence of B. pinophilus from Korean pines had a 98% sequence homology to that of B. pinophilus in GenBank (Accession No. AM160664). The pathogenicity of B. pinophilus has not been determined. To our knowledge, this is the first report of B. pinophilus on P. koraiensis, but it was previously reported from Poland, Germany, and Portugal on P. sylvestris and P. pinaster (1). References: (1) H. Braasch. EPPO Bull. 31:127, 2001. (2) W. Burgermeister et al. Russ. J. Nematol. 13:29, 2005. (3) R. Sriwati et al. Nematology 10:1, 2008. (4) G. Steiner and E. M. Buhrer. J. Agric. Res. 48:946, 1934.
Comparison of fibrescope guided intubation via the classic laryngeal mask airway and i‐gel in a manikin*
Authors: De Lloyd L. , Hodzovic I. , Voisey S. , Wilkes A. R. , Latto I. P. 
Published: November 2009

SummaryWe compared the classic laryngeal mask airway and i‐gel as adjuncts to fibrescope guided intubation in a manikin. Two methods of intubation were compared with each device: the tracheal tube directly over the fibrescope; and the tracheal tube over an Aintree Intubation Catheter. Thirty‐two anaesthetists took part in this randomised crossover study. Each anaesthetist performed two intubations with each method via each device. The mean (SD) time for the first intubation using the tracheal tube over the fibrescope was 43 (24) s with the classic laryngeal mask airway and 22 (9) s with the i‐gel (95% CI for the difference 12–30 s, p < 0.0001). The mean (SD) times for the first intubation when using the Aintree Intubation Catheter was 46 (24) s with the classic laryngeal mask airway and 37 (9) s with the i‐gel (95% CI for the difference 5–12 s, p < 0.0001). We recorded five (5/64, 8%) oesophageal intubations when using the classic laryngeal mask airway and none when using the i‐gel. The participants rated the ease of railroading of the tracheal tube and railroading the Aintree Intubation Catheter over the fibrescope to be significantly easier (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.002 respectively) when using the i‐gel than when using the classic laryngeal mask airway. Furthermore, 30/32 (94%) of anaesthetists reported preference for the i‐gel over the classic laryngeal mask airway for fibrescope guided tracheal intubation when managing a difficult airway. We conclude that the i‐gel is likely to be a more appropriate conduit than the classic laryngeal mask airway for fibrescope guided intubation irrespective of the intubation method used.
Toll-like receptor 4 expression is increased in circulating mononuclear cells of patients with immunoglobulin A nephropathy
Authors: Coppo R , Camilla R , Amore A , Peruzzi L , Daprà V , Loiacono E , Vatrano S , Rollino C , Sepe V , Rampino T , Dal Canton A 
Published: November 2009

SummaryWe investigated Toll-like receptors (TLR-3, -4 and -7) expression in circulating mononuclear cells of patients with immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN), a disease with debated relationships with mucosal immunity. TLR-4 expression (detected by fluorescence activated cell sorter) and mRNA transcriptional levels (Taqman) were significantly higher in patients with IgAN than in healthy controls (P = 0·00200 and P = 0·0200). TLR-3 and TLR-7 were not modified significantly. In IgAN patients proteinuria was correlated significantly with TLR-4 expression (P = 0·0312). In a group of nephrotic syndromes, TLR-3, -4 and -7 expression was similar to healthy controls. A significant difference in TLR-4 expression and mRNA levels was found between very active IgAN patients (proteinuria &gt; 1 g/1·73 m2/day in association with severe microscopic haematuria) and inactive patients (proteinuria &lt; 0·5 g/1·73 m2/day, with absent or minimal haematuria). No correlation with levels of aberrantly glycosylated IgA1, age, renal biopsy features or therapy was found. This study shows for the first time an up-regulation of TLR-4 in circulating mononuclear cells of patients with IgAN, particularly in association with proteinuria and heavy microscopic haematuria.
Breeding dispersal in black‐headed gull: the value of familiarity in a contrasted environment
Authors: Péron Guillaume , Lebreton Jean‐Dominique , Crochet Pierre‐André 
Published: November 2009

Summary1. Some species (e.g. migratory species with high movement ability) are unlikely to experience any physical cost when dispersing, at least at the landscape scale. In these species dispersal is nevertheless behaviourally constrained to avoid non‐physical costs such as the loss of familiarity with the breeding environment, and these constraints can be maladaptive in a fast‐changing environment.2. We evaluated such constraints using multievent modelling of a 20‐year capture–mark–recapture data set from a multisite population of black‐headed gull (Chroicocephalus ridibundus). The population undertakes seasonal migrations that are very large compared with the size of the study area.3. Distances between colonies appeared as a strong predictor of breeding adults’ dispersal rates, confirming behavioural constraints on dispersal. In addition, birds that had recruited outside their colony of birth (natal dispersers) tended to return to their colony of birth later in life (long‐term memory effect).4. An attraction for larger colonies was also visible in breeding adult dispersal patterns. The fact that distance and memory still constrained dispersal although the largest colony provided higher breeding success indicated departures from the ideal‐free distribution, probably linked with the lack of information about distant colonies. Moreover, the regional population apparently functioned as a meta‐colony where individuals frequently bred in suboptimal‐choice locations before being able to recruit in their preferred colony.
Transbronchoscopic selective bronchial occlusion for intractable pneumothorax
Authors: ZENG Yiming , HONG Minli , ZHANG Huaping , YANG Dongyong , CHEN Xiaoyang , ZUANG Xibin , CHENG Yunfeng , GUAN Jianhua , LIN Qunyeng 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTBackground and objective:  The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy, complications and safety of the application of transbronchoscopic balloon detection (TBD) and selective bronchial occlusion (SBO) to intractable pneumothorax.Methods:  Forty patients with pneumothorax, who had experienced more than 7 days of chest tube drainage without closure of the pleural fistula, underwent TBD and SBO. In 10 patients, oxygenation and pulse rates were recorded. A thoracic CT scan was performed 10 days after SBO.Results:  The bronchi leading to the pleural fistula were located by TBD in 34 of 40 patients (85%). The air leakages ceased after the first occlusion in 30 patients, and five of these 30 patients underwent a second occlusion due to recurrence of pneumothorax 72 h after the first occlusion. In three of these patients, air leakages ceased after the second occlusion, while the remaining two patients underwent thoracoscopy. In total, 28 of 40 patients (70%) were cured using SBO. During TBD/SBO, the lowest SaO2 was 89.0 ± 2.8%, the mean SaO2 was 93.4 ± 2. 6% and the percentage of time during the procedure that SaO2 was <90% was 10.7 ± 17.5%. Ten days after SBO, thoracic CT scans were performed on 10 patients and no obstructive atelectasis was detected in any patient.Conclusions:  These results indicate that TBD and SBO are safe and effective procedures for treating patients with intractable pneumothorax.