bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BIOLOGY OFTACHINAEPHAGUS ZEALANDICUS(HYMENOPTERA: ENCYRTIDAE), PARASITOID OF SYNANTHROPIC DIPTERA
Authors: Olton G. S. , Legner E. F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe synonymy, distribution, host range, and life history of the gregarious larval–pupal parasitoidTachinaephagus zealandicusAshmead, is discussed. Laboratory studies of its biology were conducted at 25° ± 2 °C usingMusca domesticaL. as host. Its developmental stages are described. Under laboratory conditions its life cycle lasted 23–27 days. Parasitoid development accelerated with higher average densities per host. Single standardized hosts produced 3–18 adult parasitoids. Mated females provided with hosts lived 50.4–67.2 h. The average length of the reproductive period and number of hosts parasitized were independent of host density; however, the average number of eggs deposited per host increased at lower host densities. Adult emergence displayed circadian rhythmicity independent of photoperiod over 3+ days.
INDUCTION OF SEXUAL MATURITY IN THE WHITE PINE WEEVIL, PISSODES STROBI (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE), BY SOME ANALOGUES OF JUVENILE HORMONE
Authors: Retnakaran Arthur 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTopical application of three analogues of juvenile hormone, ZR-515 (isopropyl 11-methoxy-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,4-dienoate), ZR-777 (prop-2-ynyl 3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,4-dienoate), and JH-25 (7-ethoxy-1 (p-ethylphenoxy)-3,7-dimethyl-2-octene) to pre-diapause adults of the white pine weevil, Pissodes strobi (Peck), induced ovarian development and resorption of fat bodies. Control of this species by hormonal induction of reproductive maturity and related metabolic alterations at the onset of winter is suggested.
THE GENUS AMBLYSELLUS (HOMOPTERA: CICADELLIDAE): A KEY TO THE KNOWN SPECIES, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF EIGHT NEW SPECIES
Authors: DeLong Dwight M. , Hamilton K. G. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractEight new species of Amblysellus are described and illustrated: A. cereus n. sp. from Guatemala, A. torqus n. sp. and A. excavus n. sp. from Ecuador, A. dedecus n. sp., A. necopinus n. sp., A. copulus n. sp., and A. macularis n. sp. from Mexico, and A. acuerus n. sp. from North America north of Mexico. A key to the known species of the genus is presented.
TECHNIQUES FOR STUDYING THE BEHAVIOR AND ECOLOGY OF THE EUROPEAN EARWIG, FORFICULA AURICULARIA (DERMAPTERA: FORFICULIDAE)
Authors: Lamb Robert J. , Wellington W. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe European earwig is an excellent experimental animal for many laboratory and field studies of insect ecology and behavior, but special rearing, marking, and trapping techniques are required to exploit the insects’ potential fully. This paper describes an artificial nest and associated techniques which reduce rearing mortality below 10%. Methods of studying events in natural nests, and of capturing and marking individuals for population studies, also are described.
PHYTOPHAGOUS ARTHROPOD FAUNA OF CROWNVETCH IN PENNSYLVANIA
Authors: Wheeler A. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA survey of the phytophagous arthropod fauna of the introduced legume crownvetch, Coronilla varia L., was conducted in Pennsylvania during 1971–73. Samples were taken from large forage fields, highway plantings used for erosion control, and greenhouses. Emphasis was placed on determining what known pests of other forage legumes are associated with crownvetch and on clarifying the relationship of the species to the host plant. Species were categorized as primary, secondary, and incidental according to their intimacy with the host. Biological notes, known host plant range, and association with other legumes are presented for 19 of the 33 primary species. The grasshoppersMelanoplus differentialis (Thomas) and M. femurrubrum (DeGeer) and the gelechiid moth Stomopteryx palpilineella Chambers caused defoliation in several highway plantings. Other abundant species were the alfalfa plant bug, Adelphocoris lineolatus (Goeze); potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris); clover stem borer, Languria mozardi (Latreille); and nitidulid beetle Meligethes nigrescens Stephens. The similarity of the phytophagous fauna of crownvetch to that of alfalfa is discussed. Alfalfa pests found not to breed on crownvetch were the meadow spittlebug, pea aphid, alfalfa weevil, clover leaf weevil, clover root curculio, and alfalfa seed chalcid. As yet pest problems on crownvetch are few when compared with those of alfalfa and other forage legumes.
THE WESTERN CHERRY FRUIT FLY, RHAGOLETIS INDIFFERENS (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE): 1. DISTRIBUTION OF THE DIAPAUSING PUPAE IN THE SOIL
Authors: AliNiazee M. T. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractField studies conducted in cherry orchards of the Willamette Valley, Oregon, indicate that diapausing pupae of the western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran, overwinter in the soil at a depth of 1–4 in. Relatively very small numbers of pupae were collected from surface debris and soil samples taken at a depth of 6 in. and below. The number of flies emerging from different soil depths indicated that removal of the top 6 in. of soil caused a 99% reduction in adult emergence, while the removal of the top 1 in. of soil had no effect.
CHANGES IN MOSQUITO FLIGHT ASSOCIATED WITH NATURAL CHANGES IN POLARIZED LIGHT
Authors: Wellington W. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDiurnal activity of Aedes and Culex spp. was observed near Banff, Alta., and Hope, B.C., when naturally polarized light was present, reduced, or absent in relatively open habitats. Resting mosquitoes attacked as soon as they were approached closely, whether or not polarized light was present. In contrast, mosquitoes made long, roving flights only when there was polarized light overhead. Roving flight stopped whenever zenith polarization was disrupted by passing clouds or by the unpolarized glare surrounding the sun. As overhead polarization is most intense near sunrise and sunset, it could be employed then by mosquitoes travelling to and from feeding or oviposition sites.
TWELVE NEW SPECIES OF LIMNOPHYES EATON, WITH KEYS TO NEARCTIC MALES OF THE GENUS (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE)
Authors: Sæther Ole A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe male imagines of 12 new Nearctic species of Limnophyes are described: Limnophyes cristatissimus n. sp., Limnophyes hudsoni n. sp., Limnophyes ninae n. sp., Limnophyes nudiradius n. sp., Limnophyes pilicistulus n. sp., Limnophyes folliculatus n. sp., Limnophyes carolinensis n. sp., Limnophyes recisus n. sp., Limnophyes coloradensis n. sp., Limnophyes margaretae n. sp., Limnophyes hastulatus n. sp., and Limnophyes spatulosus n. sp. The female imagines of Limnophyes hudsoni n. sp. and Limnophyes carolinensis n. sp. are described. A key to male imagines of Nearctic Limnophyes is given.
A COMPARISON OF IRRADIATED OR CHEMOSTERILIZED PINK BOLLWORM MOTHS FOR SUPPRESSING NATIVE POPULATIONS IN FIELD CAGES
Authors: Flint H. M. , Wright B. , Sallam H. , Horn Bob 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPink bollworm moths chemosterilized by fumigation with bis (1-Aziridinyl) phosphinic acid, ethyl ester, and released into field cages failed to suppress native populations. In comparison, moths irradiated with 10 krad of gamma radiation caused highly significant reductions in populations. Flight range and competitiveness tests in the laboratory failed to explain the ineffectiveness of the chemosterilized moths.
PENTES SABLONNEUSES DE CARRIÈRES: CIMETIÈRES DES IMAGOS DE METASYRPHUS LAPPONICUS (DIPTERA: SYRPHIDAE) ATTEINTS D’ENTOMOPHTHOROSE
Authors: Smirnoff W. A. , MacLeod Donald M. 
Published: December 2009

RésuméAu cours de l’été 1972, un grand nombre de spécimens morts du syrphe Metasyrphus lapponicus Zetterstedt ont été découverts dans une sablière de la région de Chicoutimi, au Québec. En plus de la condition particulière des mouches qui étaient placées en bandes horizontales, la tête dirigée vers le zénith solaire, la présence de mycélium nous permit de constater qu’elles avaient succombées à une maladie cryptogamique. Un champignon du genre Entomophthora sp. a été isolé et identifié comme espèce nouvelle. Des observations sur le terrain permirent de déterminer les détails de ce comportement particulier des syrphes qui choississent les pentes sablonneuses de carrières pour aller mourir, mais aucune explication sur les raisons profondes de ce comportement ne put être avancée à ce stade de la recherche.
DISPERSAL PATTERN OF BLACK FLIES (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE) TAGGED WITH 32P
Authors: Baldwin W. F. , West A. S. , Gomery John 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLarge numbers of black flies, mostly Simulium venustum Say, were labelled as larvae with 32P and released in rapids in the Chalk River near the village of Chalk River, Ont., to complete development and disperse as adults. Flies were trapped over a 900 square mile area for 3 months after the release, and radioactive flies from the traps were identified at CRNL by means of an autoradiographic technique. The distance travelled by the flies could be described by a normal distribution curve, with the average migration between 5.8 to 8.2 miles. A few individuals were trapped at a distance of 22 miles 2 days after emergence, and some crossed the Ottawa River which is at least a mile wide at the point nearest the release area. Some traps caught very high numbers of radioactive flies, one at about 6 miles from the release center accounting for more than 1300 tagged flies. The traps giving the highest number of tagged flies (e.g., > 100) were clustered in two distinctive areas, one west and one large area south of the release point. The results indicate that control measures should be applied to black fly streams at least 10 miles from critical areas such as towns.
SYNCHRONIZATION OF FUNCTION IN THE FOREGUT OF THE BLOWFLYPHORMIA REGINA(DIPTERA: CALLIPHORIDAE) DURING THE CROP-EMPTYING PROCESS
Authors: Thomson Alan J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe sequential mode of operation of the various valves and pumps in the foregut of the blowflyPhormia reginaMeigen is described for the crop-emptying process. The results of the study are discussed in relation to the results of Gelperin, who showed that the rate of crop emptying was determined by the crop volume and the blood solute concentration. A mechanism by which synchronization of function may be achieved, based on the results of Nagai, and Thomson and Holling, is proposed, i.e. synchronization depends on the activity of stretch-sensitive muscle fibres.
PHOTOPERIOD EFFECTS ON DEVELOPMENT OF THE LARCH CASEBEARER, COLEOPHORA LARICELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: COLEOPHORIDAE)
Authors: Ryan R. B. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLong-day (LD = 18 light: 6 dark) and short-day (SD = 12L:12D) photoperiodic treatments of various sequences and durations were applied to Coleophora laricella (Hbn.) larvae at 20 °C. Continuous development did not occur at either constant LD or SD. At LD, growth of young larvae was slow and was suspended in the late second or early third instar. At SD, young larvae developed rapidly but entered diapause in the late third instar. Pupation occurred when LD followed a period at SD. Timing and synchrony of pupation in a population were shown to be controllable by specific LD and SD sequences.
TREHALASE ACTIVITY IN THE SILK GLANDS OF THE SILKWORM,BOMBYX MORI(LEPIDOPTERA: BOMBYCIDAE)
Authors: Shimada Shuya 
Published: December 2009

Abstract(1) Crude extracts prepared from the silk glands of the silkworm,Bombyx moriL. contain trehalase activity. (2) Trehalase in the silk glands has a pH of 5.5 and a Km of 0.71 mM. The activity of the enzyme is inhibited by divalent cations such as Mn, Cu, and Zn. (3) By histochemical methods, it is shown that trehalase is localized in the periphery of the silk gland cells, especially in the tunica propria and tunica intima. (4) Trehalase activity is low in fifth instar and increases greatly in spinning stages, after which the activity decreases.
THE MIMALLONIS GROUP OF THE GENUS EUXOA HBN. (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE NEW SPECIES
Authors: Lafontaine J. D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDiagnostic characters of Euxoa mimallonis (Grt.) and E. biformata Sm. are discussed. Three species are described as new: condita from Forestville, Que., shasta from northern California, and intermontana from the Great Basin and Colorado Plateau. Adults and genitalia of the species are illustrated and a key to species is included.
A REVISION OF THE GENERACOPROPORUSANDCILEA(COLEOPTERA: STAPHYLINIDAE) OF AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO
Authors: Campbell J. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe nine species ofCoproporusKraatz andCilea silphoides(Linné) of America, north of Mexico are revised. No new species are described.Coproporus maneeiScheerpeltz is placed in synonymy withC.ventriculus(Say). Based on examination of type material, a number of Latin American species formerly considered as synonyms, are recognized as valid species. These includeconvexus(Erichson) andignavus(Sharp) which are distinct fromhepaticus(Erichson); andterminatus(Erichson) which is distinct fromrutilus(Erichson).Coproporus rutilus piceorufusfrom Argentina and Brasil andC.rutilus obscuriorfrom Panama, both described as aberrations by Bernhauer (1918), are elevated to specific status.Coproporus segnis, formerly known from Mexico and Panama, is reported from the United States for the first time.The usage of bothCoproporusKraatz andCileaJacquelin du Val has been confused in previous publications. The synonymy and priority ofCoproporusvs.ErchomusMotschulsky andCileavs.LeucoparyphusKraatz are discussed. Each genus and species is described and the distribution of each species is mapped. The male genitalia of each species are drawn and the major diagnostic characters are illustrated with scanning electron photomicrographs. A diagnostic key to all the taxa is included.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE SYSTEMATICS OF THE CADDISFLY FAMILY LIMNEPHILIDAE (TRICHOPTERA). II
Authors: Wiggins Glenn B. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTwo Old World limnephilid genera are recorded from North America for the first time: Chilostigma with C. itascae n. sp; and Ecclisocosmoecus to which is transferred the former Ecclisomyia scylla Milne. Three new species are also described in other genera: Dicosmoecus schmidi n. sp., Cryptochia denningi n. sp., and Neothremma andersoni n. sp. The taxonomic status of the genus Psychoronia is reviewed.
ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN MITES AND OTHER ARTHROPODS IN FOREST FLOOR HABITATS
Authors: Lindquist Evert E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe evolutionary success of the mites, which rivals that of the insects, is reviewed briefly. A remarkable secondary adaptive radiation apparently occurred in the mites, probably beginning in the late Mesozoic, in conjunction with the major evolution and radiation of the insects and to a lesser extent of the higher plants and the warm-blooded vertebrate animals.The spectrum of forest floor microhabitats, in which mite–arthropod associations may occur, is discussed. The problems in elucidating the living relationships between mites and other arthropods, due to biological complexities and physical difficulties, are reviewed. Some of the elements of close mite–arthropod associations are discussed, including protected stable habitats provided by insects, shared habitat specificities, regularity of co-occurrence, host specificity, site constancy of mites on their arthropod hosts, and life cycle synchrony.Examples are given of the apparently few morphological adaptations of insects for accommodating mites. The variety of morphological structures which are adaptations of mites to an association with other arthropods are discussed, particularly regressive modifications. Physiological and behavioral adaptations of mites to secretions or to other actions of their arthropod associates are mentioned. Cases are given showing the different ways in which mites have achieved synchrony of their life cycle with that of their hosts.Some thoughts on the usefulness of research on the interrelationships between mites and other arthropods conclude the paper.
REVIEW OF THE TRIBAL CLASSIFICATION OF THE LEAFHOPPER SUBFAMILY APHRODINAE (DELTOCEPHALINAE OF AUTHORS) OF THE HOLARCTIC REGION (RHYNCHOTA: HOMOPTERA: CICADELLIDAE)
Authors: Hamilton K. G. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe classification of the Aphrodinae is reviewed. The subfamily is redefined to include the Deltocephalinae (“Euscelidae”) and Hecalinae, and nine tribes are recognized: Eupelecini, Paradorydiini, Stirellini, Paraboloponini, Aphrodini, Krisnini, Selenocephalini, Hecalini, and Deltocephalini. The tribe Aphrodini is divided into six subtribes: Doraturina, Achaeticina, Anoterostemmina, Neobalina, Aphrodina, and Xestocephalina. The tribe Deltocephalini is divided into six subtribes: Deltocephalina, Athysanina, Cicadulina, Macrostelina, Platymetopiina, and Cochlorhinina. Keys are provided to the tribes and subtribes, and the Holarctic taxa are defined, with their Holarctic genera listed under each.
THE TOXICITY OF INSECTICIDES BY CONTACT AND SOIL TREATMENT TO TWO SPECIES OF GROUND BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE)
Authors: Tomlin A. D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAdults of predatory carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) of the species Stenolophus comma Fabricius field-collected from light traps were bioassayed against several soil insecticides along with laboratory reared larvae of the predatory carabid Pterostichus melanarius Illiger. Adult S. comma beetles were exposed to serial dilutions of insecticides using a Potter spray tower; larvae of P. melanarius were exposed to insecticidally treated Plainfield sand. Fensulfothion, phorate, methomyl, carbofuran, and O,O-diethyl-S(tertbutylthio) methyl phosphorodithioate (Counter®) proved to be highly toxic to adult S. comma with a 0.01% solution causing mortalities > 65%. In the bioassay of P. melanarius larvae, Counter®, phorate, heptachlor, aldrin, and O-(2-chloro-1-(2,5-dichlorophenyl)vinyl) O-methyl ethylphosphonothioate (WL 24073) produced mortalities > 75% at 0.1 p.p.m. in Plainfield sand. The Pterostichus larvae which are probably important as predators of pest insects appear quite susceptible to several important soil insecticides. Chlorfenvinphos, leptophos, and p,p′-DDT were fairly innocuous to both adults and larvae.
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN FLOWERING PLANTS AND FOUR SPECIES OFBOMBUS(HYMENOPTERA: APIDAE) IN SOUTHERN ONTARIO
Authors: Liu H. J. , Macfarlane R. P. , Pengelly D. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAn attraction to certain plant species byBombus terricola,B.bimaculatus,B.perplexus, andB.ternariuswas observed. The gathering of pollen was observed as a behavioural act distinct from nectar gathering. Pollen analyses indicated that pollen collectors restricted their activities to a small number of plant species. These bees’ life histories and flower preferences made them potentially effective pollinators of early-flowering economic crops,Ribesspp., andPyrus Malusin particular, and of common weeds such asSolanum DulcamaraandHypericum perforatum. The same reasons prevented them from being important in the pollination ofTrifolium pratenseandMedicago sativa.
SEASONAL CYCLE AND BIOLOGY OF WINTHEMIA RUFOPICTA (DIPTERA: TACHINIDAE) AS A PARASITE OF HELIOTHIS SPP. (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) ON TOBACCO IN NORTH CAROLINA
Authors: Danks H. V. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe first adult generation of Winthemia rufopicta (Big.) emerged during April in North Carolina, males preceding the females by about a week. This was several weeks prior to the occurrence of large larvae of Heliothis zea (Boddie) and H. virescens (Fab.), two commonly recorded hosts of W. rufopicta. The average female, after a pre-ovipositional period of several days, deposited about 60 eggs over a further several days. The sex ratio was normally unity, with the exception that flies overwintered in the field showed a predominance of males.Populations of W. rufopicta declined in spring, apparently from a shortage of hosts, then slowly built up through several overlapping generations: developmental rates at different temperatures are indicated. In the fall, local host concentrations were more frequent, and parasitism of Heliothis hosts on tobacco occurred consistently and sometimes reached high levels. Parasites overwintered as fully grown diapausing maggots in shallow cells in the soil.Experimental populations of Heliothis spp. (mainly H. virescens) maintained on tobacco were not parasitized by W. rufopicta until late in the season. Temporal and spatial interactions between host and parasite populations at that time are discussed.
A NEW CRETACEOUS BIBIONID FROM CANADIAN AMBER (DIPTERA: BIBIONIDAE)
Authors: Peterson B. V. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPlecia myersi n. sp. is described from remains found in Canadian Amber, of Upper Cretaceous age, from Cedar Lake, Manitoba. This specimen is the oldest positively identified fossil of the Bibionidae, and demonstrates the family existed in the Mesozoic Era in a form much like modern species.
LIFE HISTORY AND POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EUROPEAN EARWIG, FORFICULA AURICULARIA (DERMAPTERA: FORFICULIDAE), AT VANCOUVER, BRITISH COLUMBIA
Authors: Lamb Robert J. , Wellington W. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe life history of the European earwig at Vancouver, B.C., is described and divided into two periods: the nesting phase and the free-foraging phase. Seasonal changes in population characteristics are documented and compared in sparsely and densely vegetated habitats. The developmental rates, population sizes, and sex ratios, but not the body weights, differ between the two habitats. Suggested reasons for these differences are advanced.
THE BIOLOGY OF POLLENIA RUDIS, THE CLUSTER FLY (DIPTERA: CALLIPHORIDAE): IV. A PRELIMINARY MODEL OF THE CLUSTER FLY LIFE CYCLE, AND SOME POSSIBLE METHODS OF BIOLOGICAL CONTROL
Authors: Thomson A. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTo relate the various details of the cluster fly life cycle which have recently appeared in the literature, a preliminary mathematical model is constructed When used to interpret the population data of De Coursey, the relationships of the model were shown to be at least qualitatively sound. From an examination of the parameters which modify the components of the model, some possible control measures are suggested.
LABORATORY STUDIES ON THE TOXICITY OF INSECTICIDES TO THE BERTHA ARMYWORM (MAMESTRA CONFIGURATA) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)
Authors: Harris C. R. , Turnbull S.A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis study had dual objectives: to select a series of insecticides toxic to the bertha armyworm, Mamestra configurata (Walk.), and to determine susceptibility of the various developmental stages to insecticides. Pupae were collected from infested rapeseed fields in Alberta and a laboratory rearing procedure suitable for production of large numbers of insects was devised. The direct contact toxicity of 50 insecticides to third-stage larvae was assessed. Methomyl and DDT were included as standard insecticides. None of the experimental insecticides was as toxic as methomyl but about one half were more toxic than DDT. Tests with representative organochlorine, organophosphorus, and carbamate insecticides indicated that all caused rapid knockdown of third-stage larvae. There was no evidence of subsequent recovery. After the life history of the bertha armyworm under controlled environmental conditions was determined, tests were conducted to ascertain the susceptibility of the various developmental stages to methomyl, chlorpyrifos, leptophos, and methidathion. Eggs and first and second stage larvae were more susceptible to direct contact applications of the insecticides than were the later larval stages, pupae, and adults.