bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Autoantibodies in the TrialNet Natural History Study
Authors: Vehik Kendra , Beam Craig A. , Mahon Jeffrey L. , Schatz Desmond A. , Haller Michael J. , Sosenko Jay M. , Skyler Jay S. , Krischer Jeffrey P. ,   for the TrialNet Natural History Study Group
Published: July 2011

OBJECTIVE
Understanding the relationship between age and islet autoantibody (Ab) seroconversion can establish the optimal screening interval(s) to assess risk for type 1 diabetes, identify subjects who can participate in prevention trials, and determine associated costs. This study assessed the rates of seroconversion to glutamic acid decarboxylase positive (GAD65+), insulin positive (mIAA+), and insulinoma-associated protein 2 positive (ICA512+) in a large cohort of relatives of type 1 diabetes probands undergoing Ab rescreening in the TrialNet Natural History Study.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Of 32,845 children aged &lt;18 years screened for Abs, 1,287 (3.9%) were GAD65+, 778 (2.4%) were mIAA+, 677 (2.1%) were ICA512+, and 31,038 were Ab-negative. Ab-negative children were offered annual rescreening up to 18 years of age. Cox regression was used to estimate the risk for GAD65, mIAA, and ICA512 seroconversion.

RESULTS
There were 205 children who seroconverted to GAD65+, 155 who seroconverted to mIAA+, and 53 who seroconverted to ICA512+ over 5.8 years of follow-up. The risk of mIAA (hazard ratio 0.89 [95% CI 0.85–0.92]) and GAD65 (0.96 [0.93–0.99]) seroconversion significantly decreased with increasing age (i.e., for each 1-year increase in age, the risk of seroconversion decreased by 11% [P &lt; 0.0001] for mIAA and 4% [P = 0.04] for GAD65) across all ages. The cumulative Ab seroconversion was 2% for those &lt;10 years of age versus 0.7% for those ≥10 years of age.

CONCLUSIONS
The risk of development of islet Abs declines with increasing age in type 1 diabetes relatives. These data support annual screening for children &lt;10 years of age and one additional screening in adolescence.
A trichotomy result for non-autonomous rational difference equations
Authors: Palladino Frank , Radin Michael 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
We study non-autonomous rational difference equations. Under the assumption of a periodic non-autonomous parameter, we show that a well known trichotomy result in the autonomous case is preserved in a certain sense which is made precise in the body of the text. In addition we discuss some questions regarding whether periodicity preserves or destroys boundedness.
Constant curvature coefficients and exact solutions in fractional gravity and geometric mechanics
Authors: Baleanu Dumitru , Vacaru Sergiu 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
We present a study of fractional configurations in gravity theories and Lagrange mechanics. The approach is based on a Caputo fractional derivative which gives zero for actions on constants. We elaborate fractional geometric models of physical interactions and we formulate a method of nonholonomic deformations to other types of fractional derivatives. The main result of this paper consists of a proof that, for corresponding classes of nonholonomic distributions, a large class of physical theories are modelled as nonholonomic manifolds with constant matrix curvature. This allows us to encode the fractional dynamics of interactions and constraints into the geometry of curve flows and solitonic hierarchies.
Numerical Simulation of Glider Crash Against a Non-Deformable Barrier
Authors: Lindstedt Lukasz 
Published: July 2011

Numerical Simulation of Glider Crash Against a Non-Deformable Barrier
This study, describing computer simulation of a glider crash against a non-deformable ground barrier, is a part of a larger glider crash modeling project. The studies were intended to develop a numerical model of the pilot - glider - environment system, whereby the dynamics of the human body and the composite cockpit structure during a crash would make it possible to analyze flight accidents with focus on the pilot's safety. Notwithstanding that accidents involving glider crash against a rigid barrier (a wall, for example) are not common, establishing a simulation model for such event may prove quite useful considering subsequent research projects. First, it is much easier to observe the process of composite cockpit structure destruction if the crash is against a rigid barrier. Furthermore, the use of a non-deformable barrier allows one to avoid the errors that are associated with the modeling of a deformable substrate, which in most cases in quite problematic. Crash test simulation, carried out using a MAYMO package, involved a glider crash against a wall positioned perpendicularly to the object moving at a speed of 77 km/h. Computations allowed for determination of time intervals of the signals that are required to assess the behavior of the cockpit and pilot's body - accelerations and displacements in selected points of the glider's structure and loads applied to the pilot's body: head and chest accelerations, forces at femur, lumbar spine and safety belts. Computational results were compared with the results of a previous experimental test that had been designed to verify the numerical model. The glider's cockpit was completely destroyed in the crash and the loads transferred to the pilot's body were very substantial - way over the permitted levels. Since modeling results are fairly consistent with the experimental test, the numerical model can be used for simulation of plane crashes in the future.
The influence of some environmental factors on the species diversity of the predator mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) from natural forest ecosystems of Bucegi Massif (Romania)
Authors: Manu Minodora 
Published: July 2011

The influence of some environmental factors on the species diversity of the predator mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) from natural forest ecosystems of Bucegi Massif (Romania)The ecological research was made in 2001-2003, in Bucegi Massif, in three natural forest ecosystems withPicea abies, Abies albaandFagus sylvatica. In order to show the influence of some environmental factors on the species diversity of the investigated soil mites, the following abiotic parameters at soil level were analysed: temperature, humidity and pH. The species diversity (with Shannon-Wiener index) and the equitability were calculated. Taking account of the bio-edaphical conditions, the studied soil mite diversity had a various evolution. In spatial dynamics, the ecosystem withAbies albaoffered better conditions for a species diversity (78 identified species), in comparison with ecosystem withPicea abies(67 identified species), where, due to a high altitude and to the big slope, this parameter had the most decreased values. In the ecosystem withFagus sylvatica, the diversity showed the presence of 71 species. At the soil level, the litter and fermentation layer was a favorable habitat for development of the soil mite populations. In temporal dynamics, these parameters had recorded seasonal fluctuations. All these aspects are due to the different bioedaphical conditions, specific to each studied natural ecosystem.
The use by bats (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) of various habitat types in Moldova and the Danube Delta (Romania)
Authors: Pocora Irina , Pocora Viorel 
Published: July 2011

The use by bats (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) of various habitat types in Moldova and the Danube Delta (Romania)Our investigations were carried out in Moldova and the Danube Delta areas during summer periods of 2006-2010. The habitat types which were investigated were: 23 humid areas, 13 woodlands, 7 settlements - streetlamps, 25 car transects. Woodlands and humid areas are the most important habitat types to the majority of bat species, whereas the habitats along roads (mostly made in open areas) are less important.Pipistrellus kuhliiandNyctalus noctula, alsoEptesicus serotinus, Nyctalus leisleriandVespertilio murinusproved generalists in using foraging habitats, these species being most frequently recorded. In the humid areas,Nyctalus noctula(25.2%),Myotissp. (24%) andPipistrellus nathusii/Pipistrellus kuhlii(22.3%) are the most abundant species. In the woodlands,Nyctalus noctulais the most abundant species (19.5%), followed byPipistrellus nathusii/Pipistrellus kuhlii(17.6%) andMyotissp. (11.2%). Along the roads,Nyctalus noctula(44%) andEptesicus serotinus(13.2%) are the most abundant species. At the streetlamps,Nyctalus noctula(45.4%) andNyctalus leisleri(12.8%) are the most abundant species. In the settlements,Pipistrellus kuhlii(26%) andNyctalus noctula(23%) are the most abundant species.
The importance of forest islands for invertebrate biodiversity: a case study in Western Poland
Authors: Manole Traian , Banaszak Józef , Ratyńska Halina , Ionescu-Mălăncuş Irina , Petrescu Eugenia , Mărgărit Gabriela 
Published: July 2011

The importance of forest islands for invertebrate biodiversity: a case study in Western Poland
Ecological landscape studies are carried out concerning the ecosystem biocenosis restore and conservation and to define the ecological terms like "ecosystem services" which have increasingly caught the interest of both environmental researchers and policy makers. Ecosystems, if properly protected and maintained, provide a wide array of valuable services to humans, ranging from the air purification by carbon sequestration to preserve biodiversity of natural capital. The agricultural landscape predominating in Western and Central Europe occupies a significant place in Poland deciding, to a large extent, about the quality of the whole natural environment. Forest island studies were carried out in the agricultural landscape of Western Poland, 15 km north-east of Poznań town. Ten forest islands of varying size (from 0.5 ha to 1.5 ha) were investigated. Flora and plant communities of small forests were examined and 58 plant associations were found. Small areas of forest islands became the refuges of forest plant species and invertebrate fauna in an agricultural landscape. Differentiation, number and domination structure of invertebrate fauna (Acari, Araneae, Apoidea and Curculionidae) were studied. The studied forest islands provide suitable conditions for survival and reproduction of many animal species, and for other accidental species which use these areas for feeding or as a temporary shelter.
Biomechanical and Clinical Factors Related to Stage I Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction
Authors: Rabbito Melissa , Pohl Michael B. , Humble Neil , Ferber Reed 
Published: July 2011

Study Design Case control. Objectives To investigate differences in arch height, ankle muscle strength, and biomechanical factors in individuals with stage I posterior tibial tendon dysfunction (PTTD) in comparison to healthy individuals. Background PTTD is a progressive condition, so early recognition and treatment are essential to help delay or reverse the progression. However, no previous studies have investigated stage I PTTD, and no single study has measured static anatomical structure, muscle strength, and gait mechanics in this population. Methods Twelve individuals with stage I PTTD and 12 healthy, age- and gender-matched control subjects, who were engaged in running-related activities, participated in this study. Measurements of arch height index, maximum voluntary ankle invertor muscle strength, and 3-dimensional rearfoot and medial longitudinal arch kinematics during walking were obtained. Results The runners with PTTD demonstrated significantly lower seated arch height index (P = .02) and greater (P = .03) and prolonged (P = .05) peak rearfoot eversion angle during gait, compared to the healthy runners. No differences were found in standing arch height index values (P = .28), arch rigidity index (P = .06), ankle invertor strength (P = .49), or peak medial longitudinal arch values (P = .49) between groups. Conclusion The increased foot pronation is hypothesized to place greater strain on the posterior tibialis muscle, which may partially explain the progressive nature of this condition. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011;41(10):776–784, Epub 12 July 2011. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.3545
La difficile mutation du modèle de gouvernement des villes au Gabon : analyse à partir de la gestion des déchets à Libreville
Authors: Mboumba Anicet 
Published: July 2011

La primauté des administrations centrales dans la gestion des villes africaines est bien connue. La gouvernance, conçue comme mode de gestion pluraliste, a été introduite dans les pays du sud par les bailleurs de fonds, afin d’infléchir le centralisme. Au Gabon, comme dans tous les pays africains, la gouvernance accompagne désormais toutes les réformes qui touchent aux modes de gouvernement des villes, notamment dans le domaine des services de base. Le succès médiatique et politique de cette notion traduit-il pour autant le recul de l’interventionnisme étatique ? L’étude du jeu d’acteurs dans la gestion des déchets à Libreville illustre une évolution majeure : l’association croissante de partenaires privés dans les politiques publiques. Mais elle montre aussi la manière dont les autorités étatiques freinent le désir d’émancipation des autorités municipales et le besoin d’affirmation de la société civile dans les processus décisionnels. Le texte révèle ainsi qu’à l’opposé des discours sur la décentralisation et la bonne gouvernance, le pouvoir central reste dominant dans la gestion des affaires urbaines.
République urbaine et République des Lettres. André Duchesne, Jean Rogier et les significations de l'histoire locale à Reims au XVII e siècle
Authors: Bernstein Hilary J. 
Published: July 2011

En 1624, André Duchesne, géographe du roi , à la demande pressante d’amis de la République des Lettres, accepta d’achever une histoire de la ville de Reims. En décembre 1628, cependant, Duchesne abandonna son projet, à la grande déception des membres de l’échevinat et du conseil de ville de Reims, qui espéraient que le résultat de son travail leur apporteraient des éléments utiles à leur lutte contre l’archevêque sur leurs compétences respectives en ce qui concernait la police, les affaires militaires et les juridictions. Bien que les échanges entre Duchesne et les érudits ou les administrateurs locaux n’aient jamais produit l’histoire savante de la ville qu’ils désiraient, ils révèlent l’importance de l’histoire urbaine à la fois pour les élites locales et pour la communauté savante française au sens large, que l’on associe généralement à la République des Lettres. Cet article cherche à montrer que les réseaux amicaux et savants reliaient ces deux communautés bien plus intensément que les historiens ne l’ont pensé jusqu’à présent, et que les projets d’écriture de l’histoire locale ou nationale se renforçaient mutuellement par un partage des idées et des sources. Les tentatives menées pour écrire l’histoire de Reims dans les premières décennies du XVII e siècle permettent de mieux comprendre ces intérêts mutuels et ces relations, même si les nombreux manuscrits et notes produites au cours de ce processus n’ont jamais débouché sur une publication.
L'alambic dans l'Atlantique. Production, commercialisation, et concurrence de l'eau-de-vie de vin et de l'eau de vie de rhum dans l'Atlantique français au XVII e et au début du XVIII e siècle
Authors: Mandelblatt Bertie 
Published: July 2011

En 1713, juste après la guerre de Succession d’Espagne, une déclaration du roi interdit la distillation et la distribution d’eaux-de-vie fabriquées à partir d’un autre produit que le vin. Cette loi était le résultat d’un intense lobbying mené par les producteurs d’eaux-de-vie de vin de la façade atlantique du royaume, inquiets pour leur compétitivité sur les marchés étrangers, surtout après des décennies d’embargo anglais sur leurs productions. Le produit visé était le rhum, qui était distillé, soit dans les Antilles françaises, soit en France même, et qui utilisait les sirops de sucre produits dans les îles en quantités qui, au fil des années, croissaient parallèlement à la production de sucre. Cet article étudie d’abord le développement de la compétition entre le rhum français et les eaux-de-vie françaises, à partir de l’histoire parallèle, bien que fortement divergente, de leur passage à la production de masse à partir du milieu du XVII e siècle. Il s’intéresse ensuite aux conséquences de la loi de 1713 qui a limité efficacement la circulation atlantique du rhum français tout au long du XVIII e siècle.
Le service militaire et l'insertion professionnelle des jeunes suivant leur niveau d'étude
Authors: Granier Pierre , Joseph Olivier , Joutard Xavier 
Published: July 2011

Résumé Cet article utilise la suspension de la conscription en France pour évaluer l’effet causal du service national sur différents aspects de l’insertion professionnelle des jeunes. Deux aspects novateurs sont plus particulièrement privilégiés : l’hétérogénéité des effets du traitement selon le niveau de sortie des études et l’influence du service national sur la durée cumulée des épisodes d’emploi. Les résultats obtenus révèlent une forte hétérogénéité des rendements de la conscription. Les rendements salariaux sont positifs pour les jeunes sortants sans diplôme du système scolaire et ceux de niveau bac . Ils sont le plus souvent non significatifs pour les autres. Ces rendements positifs s’expliquent à la fois par la faible ampleur de la perte d’expérience professionnelle – la durée cumulée des épisodes d’emploi diminue peu et même augmente pour les non-diplômés – et par un impact positif sur les premiers salaires.
Effect of Short-term Fluoride Release from Various Restorative Cements on Enamel Demineralization: An in vitro Study
Authors: Patil Shruti , Goud Mallikarjun , Sajjan Girija 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Fluorides are probably the most commonly used anticaries agents. Due to this property they are incorporated into various restorative materials. The rate and amount of fluoride release, however, vary for different materials, which in turn determines the effectiveness of the restorative material in preventing demineralization around the restoration. To evaluate the fluoride release and area of demineralization of resin modified glass ionomers and compomers, and compare them with conventional glass ionomer cement and also to evaluate the relationship between the fluoride release and demineralization.

Materials and methods
A total of 32 human incisors were chosen and sectioned horizontally at CEJ, and the middle 2 mm of facial enamel isolated and restored with the test materials: Conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC), resin modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC), compomer and resin composite. The specimens were observed under polarized light microscope with image analyzer to measure the area and depth of demineralization.
For fluoride release study, disks of test materials were suspended in deionized water and fluoride release was measured till a period of 4 days.

Results
The area and depth of demineralization were least around the GIC, followed by RMGIC, compomer and composite (p < 0.05). A negative correlation was found between fluoride release and demineralization which was, however, not statistically significant.

Conclusion
The 4-day fluoride release was also higher for GIC as compared to RMGIC and Compomer.
Prosthetic Rehabilitation of Midfacial Defect following Cancer Surgery using Three Piece Prosthesis
Authors: Ashraf Haifa , Jacob Sunil 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACT
Acquired facial defects may cause functional and psychological impairments that adversely affect a patient's quality of life. Restoration of facial defects can be accomplished surgically, prosthetically or by using a combination of both the methods. The choice depends on many factors, like size, location of the defect and the age of the patient. Reduced vascularity, increased fibrosis and scarring of tissues bordering the defect increase the risk of complications associated with reconstruction. Maxillofacial prostheses have the advantage of not only improving the patient's appearance but also enabling early rehabilitation. This unusual case report details an attempt to rehabilitate a patient who has undergone total maxillectomy and orbital exenteration with the aid of intraoral obturator prosthesis and an extraoral orbital and cheek prosthesis.
Denture Stomatitis: Treatment with Diode Laser
Authors: Sivakumar Keerthana , Palanivelu Sivakumar , Ramalingam Sudhakar , Seshadri Sankaranarayanan 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACT
Denture stomatitis is a relatively common oral mycotic infection occurring in partial or complete denture wearers. Candida albicans is one of the principal etiological factors, with number of local or systemic co-factors influencing the occurrence. While an array of agents are involved in the occurrence and progression of the lesion, one could not expect monotony in the treatment modality. Spectrum of treatment modes have been practised to manage denture stomatitis, which include proper maintenance of oral and denture hygiene to systemic antifungal medication. Here we present a case of denture stomatitis, successfully treated with diode laser with 6 months follow-up.
Model Surgery: A Presurgical Procedure for Orthognathic Surgeries - Revisited
Authors: walker Fraser , Mankani Nivedita 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACT
Over the last three decades orthognathic surgery has become a routine procedure for the correction of facial deformation. People have become aware and more concerned about the maxillofacial deformation. Surgery of the facial skeleton involves complex three-dimensional movements based on a series of nonsurgical procedures. Bimaxillary osteotomies, which change the occlusal level to improve function and enhance physical appearance, requires to be planned preoperatively with the help of model surgery. This paper explains the procedure of model surgery using an semiadjustable articulator, along with fabrication of the wafer.
Engineering Molecular Organization of Naphthalenediimides: Large Nanosheets with Metallic Conductivity and Attoliter Containers
Authors: Avinash M. B. , Govindaraju T. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractMolecular‐interaction‐induced organizations are the basis of various biological and nonbiological systems. The molecular recognition process involved in the formation of such systems is rather complicated, as it constitutes a subtle balance of various noncovalent interactions. The molecular organization of electron‐deficient aromatic systems is particularly appealing, as they are the potential candidates for a variety of applications. The main challenge in organizing aromatic moieties lies in controlling and optimizing the relatively strong π–π interactions by appropriate functionalization. Herein, we describe a simple molecular design involving phenylalanine methylester‐functionalized naphthalenediimide (L‐NDI and D‐NDI) to achieve high‐level molecular ordering by solution processing. NDIs are among the most promising organic n‐type semiconductors. However the molecular ordering of these organic entities determines their optimal functioning in an organic device. Highly crystalline free‐floating nanosheets with large lateral dimensions were obtained for the first time through molecularly engineered self‐assembly of L‐NDI and D‐NDI systems. Interestingly the nanosheets exhibit a remarkable conductivity of 1.6 S cm−1. Furthermore the molecular organization of L‐NDI was tuned into container‐like complex architectures by employing chlorinated‐ co‐solvent‐mediated halogen bonding. The composition and the type of chlorinated co‐solvent resulted in the formation of nanocups, mesocups, and bowl‐like architectures. The nanocups possess a net volume of 0.1–1.5 attoliters (10−18 L) and can be used as containers for miniaturized applications.