bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Promoting Europe through ‘Unity in Diversity’: Avignon as European Capital of Culture in 2000
Authors: Ingram Mark 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis article examines the reception of European Union cultural policy through Avignon's experience as European Capital of Culture (ECOC) in 2000, focusing specifically on the EU objective of achieving “Unity in Diversity” through culture. Some recent studies argue that ECOC projects have served as media for conceptions of culture that are less essentialist and more centered on transformation and border‐crossing than those promoted by national and regional cultural policies of the past. Assuming that one of the primary obstacles to overcoming social divisions in urban centers is the alienation of the residents of low‐income, peripheral neighborhoods, this article focuses particular attention on a website created to promote Gypsy heritage. Consideration of this case underscores the uneasy balance struck between the goal of redefining cities as attractive to potential tourists and residents and the goal of overcoming the “democratic deficit” affecting disadvantaged urban populations. The case of Avignon highlights obstacles within cities to the broad diffusion and acceptance of more cosmopolitan models of European culture centered on dialogue and exchange.
A randomised controlled trial of cognitive behaviour therapy for psychosis in a routine clinical service
Authors: Peters E. , Landau S. , McCrone P. , Cooke M. , Fisher P. , Steel C. , Evans R. , Carswell K. , Dawson K. , Williams S. , Howard A. , Kuipers E. 
Published: May 2010

Peters E, Landau S, McCrone P, Cooke M, Fisher P, Steel C, Evans R, Carswell K, Dawson K, Williams S, Howard A, Kuipers E. A randomised controlled trial of cognitive behaviour therapy for psychosis in a routine clinical service.Objective:  To evaluate cognitive behaviour therapy for psychosis (CBTp) delivered by non‐expert therapists, using CBT relevant measures.Method:  Participants (N = 74) were randomised into immediate therapy or waiting list control groups. The therapy group was offered 6 months of therapy and followed up 3 months later. The waiting list group received therapy after waiting 9 months (becoming the delayed therapy group).Results:  Depression improved in the combined therapy group at both the end of therapy and follow‐up. Other significant effects were found in only one of the two therapy groups (positive symptoms; cognitive flexibility; uncontrollability of thoughts) or one of the two time points (end of therapy: general symptoms, anxiety, suicidal ideation, social functioning, resistance to voices; follow‐up: power beliefs about voices, negative symptoms). There was no difference in costs between the groups.Conclusion:  The only robust improvement was in depression. Nevertheless, there were further encouraging but modest improvements in both emotional and cognitive variables, in addition to psychotic symptoms.
Dietary fish oil impairs induction of γ‐interferon and delayed‐type hypersensitivity during a systemicSalmonella enteritidisinfection in rats
Authors: Snel Johannes , Born Leontine , Van Der Meer Roelof 
Published: May 2010

Snel J, Born L, van der Meer R. Dietary fish oil impairs induction of γ‐interferon and delayed‐type hypersensitivity during a systemicSalmonella enteritidisinfection in rats. APMIS 2010; 118: 578–84.Fish oil that is rich in n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids markedly modulates immunological responses. Literature data indicate that the fish oil reduces cellular immunity and therefore impairs resistance to infections. We have investigated how dietary fish oil affects the immune response against a facultative intracellular pathogen,Salmonella enteritidis. Wistar rats were fed a diet containing 16% (w/w) of either fish oil or corn oil. After a 4‐week adaptation period, rats were intraperitoneally challenged with 4 × 105 cfu ofS. enteritidis. During the 14‐day infection period, urine was collected on a daily basis. At days 2 and 14, eight rats per group were sacrificed. Urinary nitrate, used as a marker for NO production, was lower on a fish oil diet during days 3–8. At day 2, serum γ‐interferon was 48 ± 7 pg/mL in the fish oil‐fed rats compared with 162 ± 52 pg/mL in the corn oil‐fed rats. No effects were found on living salmonella in liver and spleen. At day 14, as markers of an impaired T‐helper 1 (Th‐1) response, a 38% lower delayed‐type hypersensitivity responses and a lower salmonella‐specific IgG2b were observed in the fish oil‐fed rats. Although here dietary fish oil has affected only immune parameters, this impairment of the innate and Th‐1‐mediated immune response may have implications for the host resistance against other intracellular pathogens.
Review article: Emergency department assessment and management of stab wounds to the neck
Authors: Casey Sean J , De Alwis Waruna D 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA stab wound to neck is an infrequent but highly important presentation to the ED in Australasia. Injuries to the two large neurovascular bundles that are vital to life might occur with associated injuries to midline aerodigestive structures. A literature review was undertaken to discuss the assessment and management of this injury in the emergency medicine setting.
Risk factors and associations for the diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections in Aboriginal women presenting to the Alice Springs Hospital emergency department
Authors: Fairbairn Anna P , Tyler Hilary , Su Jiunn‐Yih , Tilley Emma L 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjective:  To identify risk factors and associations for sexually transmitted infections (STI) in young Aboriginal women presenting to an ED for non‐genitourinary reasons, in order to better target opportunistic screening in this group. To determine the prevalence of chlamydia and gonorrhoea in women presenting to the Alice Springs Hospital ED.Methods:  A cross‐sectional study involving STI screening and participant interview between January 2007 and September 2007 was used. The participants were a convenience sample of Aboriginal women aged 16–35 years presenting to the Alice Springs Hospital ED for non‐genitourinary reasons. The main outcome measures were the prevalence of gonorrhoea and chlamydia and significant associations for STI.Results:  A total of 213 women were included in the study. The prevalence rates of women screened were 8.9% for chlamydia, 9.4% for gonorrhoea and 16.0% for gonorrhoea or chlamydia. Identified objective associations for positive STI diagnosis included presenting with an injury due to an assault (odds ratio [OR], 3.56), self‐reported past history of an STI (OR, 2.53) and leucocytes on urinalysis (OR, 2.19).Conclusion:  The prevalence of STI is high in young Aboriginal women presenting to Alice Springs Hospital ED. Screening is acceptable to these patients using low vaginal swabs, and may be targeted at those women with the identified associations. The results of the present study may have relevance to other hospital ED in areas with a high prevalence of STI. A prospective study is needed to confirm these findings.
The changing landscape of conservation science funding in the United States
Authors: Bakker Victoria J. , Baum Julia K. , Brodie Jedediah F. , Salomon Anne K. , Dickson Brett G. , Gibbs Holly K. , Jensen Olaf P. , McIntyre Peter B. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractTo understand the changing role of funding sources in shaping conservation science in the United States, we analyzed acknowledgments from published studies, trends in research funding, and survey responses from conservation scientists. Although the U.S. federal government was the most frequently acknowledged source of support overall, U.S. foundations and NGOs were the predominant sources for tropical and socioeconomic research. Acknowledgments of foundation support for conservation research increased over the last two decades, while recognition of federal funds declined. Concordant trends in funding and acknowledgments indicated a changing landscape for conservation science, in which federal support has not kept pace with the growth in conservation research efforts or needs. Survey responses from conservation scientists about their funding sources were consistent with acknowledgment data, and most (64%) indicated that shifts in funding sources and amounts affected the type of research they conduct. Ongoing changes in the funding landscape shape the direction of conservation research and may make conservation science more vulnerable to economic recessions.
Oral medicine in Australia 2000–2010. A publications overview
Authors: Savage NW 
Published: May 2010

AbstractSpecialties within health care are often identified by the public profile provided by members within the private clinical practice arena. This is clearly important but often the real activity of a specialty discipline exists within the training institutions. This is an unseen area for most, both members of the public as well as professional colleagues, as papers reporting developments of all kinds are delivered to highly specific target audiences and publications reporting research are published in journals again targeting specific audiences. Publication in national journals is important and provides a glimpse of research activities and a wealth of clinical material in the form of reviews and case reports directed again to a specific target audience. This paper addresses the profile of oral medicine in Australia by presenting the papers published in the Australian Dental Journal within a 10‐year bracket.
Biopsy of the oral mucosa and use of histopathology services
Authors: Logan RM , Goss AN 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPatients often present with intraoral pathology in the general dental practice setting. Therefore, it is important that dental practitioners are aware of how to deal with pathology when this occurs and have an understanding of investigative techniques that might assist in making a diagnosis. Biopsy and subsequent histological examination of the lesion is an important diagnostic tool. Even if dentists refer the patient to another practitioner for the biopsy, the referring practitioner still needs to be familiar with the procedure and results obtained so that the patient can be appropriately managed. This paper reviews clinical issues that may impact on biopsy procedures and the potential pitfalls and problems that may affect the histological assessment of tissue and therefore affect diagnosis. The medico‐legal responsibilities of practitioners are also addressed.
Oral fungal infections: an update for the general practitioner
Authors: Farah CS , Lynch N , McCullough MJ 
Published: May 2010

AbstractOral candidosis is the most common fungal infection encountered in general dental practice. It manifests in a variety of clinical presentations which may mimic more sinister diseases, and can occasionally be refractory to treatment requiring the attention of an oral medicine specialist. Management of oral candidosis should always include a thorough investigation of underlying predisposing conditions, as the disease often presents when the patient is systemically compromised. This update highlights the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and management strategies of oral Candidal lesions commonly encountered in dental practice.
Gingival enlargements and localized gingival overgrowths
Authors: Savage NW , Daly CG 
Published: May 2010

AbstractGingival enlargements are a common clinical finding and most represent a reactive hyperplasia as a direct result of plaque related inflammatory gingival disease. These generally respond to conservative tissue management and attention to plaque control. However, a small group are distinct from these and whilst they also represent a reactive tissue response, this occurs at the level of the superficial fibres of the periodontal ligament. These epulides grow from under the free gingival margin and not as a result of a primary inflammatory gingival enlargement. This distinct aetiopathogenesis separates this group of lesions both in terms of their specific clinical presentation and behaviour and their propensity for recurrence if managed inadequately.
T‐cell lymphoma of the oral cavity: a case report
Authors: Villa A , Mariani U , Villa F 
Published: May 2010

AbstractLymphomas are defined as heterogeneous malignancies of the lymphatic system characterized by a proliferation of lymphoid cells or their precursors. Malignant lymphoma of the oral cavity has been described previously although reports on the occurrence of intraoral extranodal T‐cell lymphomas are scarce. Oral lesions may appear as a painless enlargement, erythematous, often with surface ulceration secondary to trauma. This is a report of a rare case in which a specific subtype of T‐cell lymphoma appeared in the oral cavity.
The use of vein grafts in the repair of the inferior alveolar nerve following surgery
Authors: Jones RHB 
Published: May 2010

AbstractDamage to the branches of the trigeminal nerve can occur as a result of a variety of causes. The most common damage to all divisions of this nerve occurs as a result of facial trauma.Unfortunately, iatrogenic damage to the inferior alveolar branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve is common because of its anatomical position within the mandible and its closeness to the teeth, particularly the third molar.It has been reported there is an incidence of approximately 0.5% of permanent damage to the inferior alveolar nerve following third molar removal. Extraction of other teeth within the mandible carries a lower incidence of permanent damage. However, damage can still occur in the premolar area, where the nerve exits the mandible via the mental foramen.Dental implants are a relatively new but increasing cause of damage to this nerve, particularly if the preoperative planning is inadequate. CT scanning is important for planning the placement of implants if this damage is to be reduced.Primary repair of the damaged nerve will offer the best chance of recovery. However, if there is a gap, and the nerve ends cannot be approximated without tension, a graft is required. Traditionally, nerve grafts have been used for this purpose but other conduits have also been used, including vein grafts.This article demonstrates the use of vein grafts in the reconstruction of the inferior dental branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve following injury, in this case due to difficulty in third molar removal, following sagittal split osteotomy and during the removal of a benign tumour from the mandible. In the five cases presented, this technique has demonstrated good success, with an acceptable return of function occurring in most patients.
Repair of the trigeminal nerve: a review
Authors: Jones RHB 
Published: May 2010

AbstractNerve surgery in the maxillofacial region is confined to the trigeminal and facial nerves and their branches. The trigeminal nerve can be damaged as a result of trauma, local anaesthesia, tumour removal and implant placement but the most common cause relates to the removal of teeth, particularly the inferior alveolar and lingual nerves following third molar surgery.The timing of nerve repair is controversial but it is generally accepted that primary repair at the time of injury is the best time to repair the nerve but it is often a closed injury and the operator does not know the nerve is injured until after the operation. Early secondary repair at about three months after injury is the most accepted time frame for repair. However, it is also thought that a reasonable result can be obtained at a later time.It is also generally accepted that the best results will be obtained with a direct anastamosis of the two ends of the nerve to be repaired. However, if there is a gap between the two ends, a nerve graft will be required to bridge the gap as the two ends of the nerve will not be approximated without tension and a passive repair is important for the regenerating axons to grow down the appropriate perineural tubes.Various materials have been used for grafting and include autologous grafts, such as the sural and greater auricular nerves, vein grafts, which act as a conduit for the axons to grow down, and allografts such as Neurotube, which is made of polyglycolic acid (PGA) and will resorb over a period of time.
Fruit and vegetable consumption among older adults by tooth loss and socio‐economic status
Authors: Brennan DS , Singh KA , Liu P , Spencer AJ 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackground:  The aim of this study was to examine consumption of fruit and vegetables in relation to tooth loss and income.Methods:  Data were collected in 2004–06, using a three‐stage, stratified clustered sample, involving a computer‐assisted telephone interview (CATI), oral examination and mailed questionnaire followed by a food frequency questionnaire.Results:  A total of 14 123 adults responded to the CATI (49% response) of whom 5505 (44% of those interviewed) agreed to undergo an oral epidemiological examination. In the nutrition sub‐study, a total of n = 1218 persons were approached in New South Wales and Queensland, with n = 1129 responding (92.7% response rate). Among respondents aged 55 years or more 34.5% had <21 teeth. Adjusting for income the prevalence of infrequent consumption (‘never or less than once a month’) was associated with [PR = prevalence ratio (95% CI)] fewer teeth for the fruits, ‘peach, nectarine, plum, apricot’ PR = 1.91 (1.12, 3.25) and ‘grapes or berries’ PR = 1.69 (1.03, 2.76), and for the vegetables ‘stir‐fried or mixed’ PR = 2.34 (1.14, 4.78), ‘sweetcorn’ PR = 1.45 (1.001, 2.10), ‘mushrooms’ PR = 1.62 (1.05, 2.50), ‘lettuce’ PR = 3.99 (1.31, 12.17) and ‘soy beans’ PR = 1.11 (1.01, 1.21).Conclusions:  An inadequate dentition was associated with lower consumption of a range of fruits and vegetables indicating that dentition‐related impairment of chewing ability could have adverse consequences on nutritional intake among Australian adults.
Invasive oral aspergillosis in a patient with acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Cho H , Lee KH , Colquhoun AN , Evans SA 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAspergillosis (a fungal infection by an organism of the Aspergillus species) of the oral cavity is an uncommon condition which most frequently occurs in immunocompromised patients, such as those with haematological malignancies. In such patients, prolonged neutropenia secondary to chemotherapeutic agents enables the spread of invasive aspergillosis, which is unaffected by anatomical barriers. Early detection and treatment of the condition is essential to avoid more serious complications, such as disseminated infection, which results in increased morbidity and mortality. This case report describes a patient with acute myeloid leukaemia who developed localized invasive Aspergillus flavus of the palate. High‐dose antifungal therapy was instituted along with surgical removal of the involved tissues. Aspergillosis of the palate was successfully eradicated with no long‐term ill effects from the treatment. Management of invasive aspergillosis includes early aggressive antifungal medication combined with surgical removal of the involved tissues.
An in vitro study of the antimicrobial activity of some endodontic medicaments against Enteroccus faecalis biofilms
Authors: Athanassiadis B , Abbott PV , George N , Walsh LJ 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackground:  The in vitro antimicrobial activity of a series of endodontic medicaments and their bases against biofilms of Enterococcus faecalis was investigated.Methods:  The medicaments tested were Pulpdent paste, Ledermix paste, a 50:50 Ledermix and Pulpdent mixture, and a replica of Ledermix paste. Bases included methyl cellulose with water, polyethylene glycol (PEG), and PEG with zinc oxide, calcium chloride and the other components (inactives) that make up the Ledermix paste base. Biofilms grown on cellulose nitrate membrane filters were exposed to the medicaments for up to 5 days. The number of surviving colony forming units (CFU) was determined at days 1, 3 and 5. The results were expressed as a bacterial survival index (BSI) when compared to the unexposed control.Results:  Pulpdent produced the greatest reduction of BSI, followed by the 50:50 mixture of Pulpdent and Ledermix pastes. Ledermix paste, its replica and the individual bases showed no significant reductions in the BSI for E. faecalis.Conclusions:  Within the limitations of this laboratory study, calcium hydroxide containing preparations had greater potential for reducing the survival of E. faecalis in a biofilm environment.
Dentine hypersensitivity – Australian dentists’ perspective
Authors: Amarasena N , Spencer J , Ou Y , Brennan D 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackground:  Dentine hypersensitivity is a frequent clinical presentation though inadequately comprehended by dentists. The objective of this study was to describe Australian dentists’ perception on the occurrence, predisposing factors, triggers, diagnosis and management of dentine hypersensitivity.Methods:  Eight hundred dentists were randomly selected using the Australian Dental Association membership list and invited to participate in a questionnaire‐based survey.Results:  Out of 295 responding dentists, 284 private practitioners were included in the final analysis. Most dentists perceived that the occurrence of dentine hypersensitivity was <20% and commonest among 30–49 year olds. According to them, abrasion and gingival recession were the main predisposing factors whilst cold stimuli were the commonest trigger. A differential diagnosis‐based approach was adopted by a majority to diagnose dentine hypersensitivity although routine screening was resorted to by a few. Most dentists were aware of the current mechanisms underlying dentine hypersensitivity whereas the majority perceived that ongoing predisposing factors was the main reason for dentine tubules to remain exposed. The commonest management strategy employed by most dentists was to prescribe desensitizing agents for home use.Conclusions:  Australian dentists’ perception of dentine hypersensitivity is generally consistent with the current scientific consensus on this subject.
Periodontal healing and bone regeneration in response to azithromycin
Authors: Hirsch R 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAzithromycin, first synthesized in 1980, is a macrolide antibiotic related to erythromycin. It is widely used by the medical profession as a broad‐spectrum antibiotic in the treatment of pneumonia, urinary tract infections and tonsillitis. In addition to its antibiotic properties, azithromycin has immune‐modulating effects and is used for this reason in the management of cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. The drug is taken up by neutrophils, macrophages and fibroblasts, and is slowly released by these cells. Three diverse case reports are presented in which a single course of azithromycin (consisting of one 500 mg tablet being taken a day for three days) was prescribed before any periodontal intervention occurred. Azithromycin was the principal mode of treatment of severe chronic and aggressive periodontitis in Cases 1 and 2. Azithromycin, together with monthly subgingival debridement, was the treatment in Case 3 (severe chronic periodontitis in a poorly controlled diabetic complicated by gingival overgrowth related to medication with a calcium channel blocker). Favourable resolution of inflammation, reduction in pocket depths and evidence of bone regeneration were evident, even when no periodontal treatment had occurred. In Case 3, resolution of gingival overgrowth occurred over eight months. The potential implications for periodontal management, understanding of the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases and periodontal research are briefly discussed.