bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An effective sequence characterized amplified region‐PCR method derived from restriction site‐amplified polymorphism for the identification of femaleSchistosoma japonicumof zoonotic significance
Authors: Zhao Guang‐Hui , Li Juan , Lin Rui‐Qing , Zou Feng‐Cai , Liu Wei , Yuan Zi‐Guo , Mo Xi‐Hao , Song Hui‐Qun , Weng Ya‐Biao , Zhu Xing‐Quan 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn the present study, restriction site‐amplified polymorphism (RSAP) markers were used to examine the genetic variability ofSchistosoma japonicumisolates from different endemic provinces in mainland China. Of the 45 pairs of primers screened, 10 RSAP markers showed a clear banding pattern with good resolution; however, only six exhibited a polymorphism among different isolates. Among six RSAP markers, one pair of primers (R8+R10) was able to differentiate male and female parasites, and amplified one constant specific band for femaleS. japonicumisolates. The specific band was recovered, re‐amplified and sequenced, and a sequence of 162 bp was obtained. Based on this sequence, a pair of specific primers was designed and used to develop sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR)‐PCR assay for identification and differentiation of femaleS. japonicumisolates. The SCAR‐PCR assay allowed the specific identification of femaleS. japonicum, with no amplicons being amplified from maleS. japonicum,Fasciola hepatica,Clonorchis sinensis,S. mansoni(male and female parasite). DNA sequencing confirmed the identity of the amplified products. The minimum amount of DNA detectable using SCAR‐PCR assay was 0.3 ng for femaleS. japonicum. The SCAR‐PCR was able to differentiate effectively the male and femaleS. japonicumworms collected from 12 geographical origins in eight endemic provinces, the gender of which was known based on the morphological and biological features. These results showed that SCAR‐PCR provides an effective tool for the sex differentiation studies ofS. japonicum, identification of femaleS. japonicum, diagnosis and epidemiological survey ofS. japonicuminfections in animals and human.
A shaken disposable bioreactor system for controlled insect cell cultivations at milliliter‐scale
Authors: Ries Christoph , John Gernot , John Corinne , Eibl Regine , Eibl Dieter 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWhile wave‐mixed and stirred bag bioreactors are common devices for rapid, safe insect cell culture‐based production at liter‐scale, orbitally shaken disposable flasks are mainly used for screening studies at milliliter‐scale. In contrast to the two aforementioned bag bioreactor types, which can be operated with standard or disposable sensors, shaker flasks have not been instrumented until recently. The combination of 250 mL disposable shake flasks with PreSens's Shake Flask Reader enables both pH and dissolved oxygen to be measured, as well as allowing characterization of oxygen mass transfer. Volumetric oxygen transfer coefficients (kLa‐values) for PreSens 250 mL disposable shake flasks, which were determined for the first time in insect cell culture medium at varying culture volumes and shaker frequencies, ranged between 4.4 and 37.9/h. Moreover, it was demonstrated that online monitoring of dissolved oxygen in shake flasks is relevant for limitation‐free growth of insect cells up to high cell densities in batch mode (1.6×107 cells/mL) and for the efficient expression of an intracellular model protein.
Modelling landscape evolution
Authors: Tucker Gregory E. , Hancock Gregory R. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractGeomorphology is currently in a period of resurgence as we seek to explain the diversity, origins and dynamics of terrain on the Earth and other planets in an era of increased environmental awareness. Yet there is a great deal we still do not know about the physics and chemistry of the processes that weaken rock and transport mass across a planet's surface. Discovering and refining the relevant geomorphic transport functions requires a combination of careful field measurements, lab experiments, and use of longer‐term natural experiments to test current theory and develop new understandings. Landscape evolution models have an important role to play in sharpening our thinking, guiding us toward the right observables, and mapping out the logical consequences of transport laws, both alone and in combination with other salient processes. Improved quantitative characterization of terrain and process, and an ever‐improving theory that describes the continual modification of topography by the many and varied processes that shape it, together with improved observation and qualitative and quantitative modelling of geology, vegetation and erosion processes, will provide insights into the mechanisms that control catchment form and function. This paper reviews landscape theory – in the form of numerical models of drainage basin evolution and the current knowledge gaps and future computing challenges that exist. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coevolution of hydrology and topography on a basalt landscape in the Oregon Cascade Range, USA
Authors: Jefferson A. , Grant G.E. , Lewis S.L. , Lancaster S.T. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractYoung basalt terrains offer an exceptional opportunity to study landscape and hydrologic evolution through time, since the age of the landscape itself can be determined by dating lava flows. These constructional terrains are also highly permeable, allowing one to examine timescales and process of geomorphic evolution as they relate to the partitioning of hydrologic flowpaths between surface and sub‐surface flow. The western slopes of the Cascade Range in Oregon, USA are composed of a thick sequence of lava flows ranging from Holocene to Oligocene in age, and the landscape receives abundant precipitation of between 2000 and 3500 mm per year. On Holocene and late Pleistocene lava landscapes, groundwater systems transmit most of the recharge to large springs (≥0·85 m3 s−1) with very steady hydrographs. In watersheds >1 million years old, springs are absent, and well‐developed drainage networks fed by shallow subsurface stormflow produce flashy hydrographs. Drainage density slowly increases with time in this basalt landscape, requiring a million years to double in density. Progressive hillslope steepening and fluvial incision also occur on this timescale. Springs and groundwater‐fed streams transport little sediment and hence are largely ineffective in incising river valleys, so fluvial landscape dissection appears to occur only after springs are replaced by shallow subsurface stormflow as the dominant streamflow generation mechanism. It is proposed that landscape evolution in basalt terrains is constrained by the time required for permeability to be reduced sufficiently for surface flow to replace groundwater flow. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Controlled moraine development and debris transport pathways in polythermal plateau icefields: examples from Tungnafellsjökull, Iceland
Authors: Evans David J.A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA modern landsystems analogue for plateau icefield glaciation is presented, based upon Tungnafellsjökull in the arid, cold interior of Iceland. Landform mapping and intensive clast form analysis on three separate forelands occupied during the Little Ice Age reveal variability in the morphology of moraines and the degree of clast modification, which is interpreted as a function of the complex interplay between: (a) the efficacy of glacial erosion; (b) passive versus active debris transfer mechanisms; and (c) the volume of debris provision for ice‐marginal freeze‐on mechanisms. A steep outlet bounded by rockwalls produced a landform assemblage and debris transport signature typical of valley glaciers, whereas two unconfined outlets produced a landform‐sediment imprint typical of polythermal conditions. This comprises subglacial bedforms, relating to the initiation of warm‐based ice by strain heating below icefalls at the plateau edge, terminating at arcs of ice‐cored (controlled) moraine representative of frozen snout conditions. Patterns in clast form data on the unrestricted forelands reflect the characteristics of glacier dynamics and thermal regimes at the margin of a plateau icefield, where bedrock steps of sufficient size to initiate strain heating and bedrock abrasion and plucking are located only a short distance from the marginal freeze‐on conditions of a snout creating debris‐rich folia and controlled moraine. Additional englacial debris may well have been carried to the glacier margin through the development of ogives and englacial thrusting at the base of the icefall, thereby explaining the occurrence of striae on clasts that have otherwise been little modified by glacial abrasion. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical solutions of peristaltic flow of Williamson fluid with radially varying MHD in an endoscope
Authors: Nadeem S. , Akbar Noreen Sher 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn this article we have studied the peristaltic motion of an incompressible Williamson fluid with constant and radially varying magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) in an endoscope. Using the low Reynolds and long wavelength assumptions, the equations of Williamson fluid model in simplified form are solved using (i) the HAM method and (ii) the Shooting method. The comparisons of both solutions have been found a very good agreement. Graphical results have been presented for various emerging parameters. © British Crown Copyright 2010/MOD. Reproduced with permission. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms of 8 inflammation‐related genes and their associations with smoking‐related cancers
Authors: Oh Sam S. , Chang Shen‐Chih , Cai Lin , Cordon‐Cardo Carlos , Ding Bao‐Guo , Greenland Sander , He Na , Jiang Qingwu , Kheifets Leeka , Le Anh , Lee Yuan‐Chin Amy , Liu Simin , Lu Ming‐Lan , Mao Jenny T. , Morgenstern Hal , Mu Li‐Na , Pantuck Allan , Papp Jeanette C. , Park Sungshim Lani , Rao Jian Yu , Reuter Victor E. , Tashkin Donald P. , Wang Hua , You Nai‐Chieh Y. , Yu Shun‐Zhang , Zhao Jin‐Kou , Belldegrun Arie , Zhang Zuo‐Feng 
Published: January 2010

AbstractTobacco smoke and its metabolites are carcinogens that increase tissue oxidative stress and induce target tissue inflammation. We hypothesized that genetic variation of inflammatory pathway genes plays a role in tobacco‐related carcinogenesis and is modified by tobacco smoking. We evaluated the association of 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms of 8 inflammation‐related genes with tobacco‐related cancers (lung, oropharynx, larynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, bladder, and kidney) using 3 case‐control studies from: Los Angeles (population‐based; 611 lung and 553 upper aero‐digestive tract cancer cases and 1,040 controls), Taixing, China (population‐based; 218 esophagus, 206 stomach, 204 liver cancer cases, and 415 controls), and Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer Center (hospital‐based; 227 bladder cancer cases and 211 controls). After adjusting for age, education, ethnicity, gender, and tobacco smoking, IL10 rs1800871 was inversely associated with oropharyngeal cancer (CT+TT vs. CC adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.69, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.50–0.95), and was positively associated with lung cancer among never smokers (TT vs. CT+CC aOR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.3–5.1) and inversely with oropharyngeal cancer among ever smokers (CT+TT vs. CC aOR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.41–0.95). Among all pooled never smokers (588 cases and 816 controls), TNF rs1799964 was inversely associated with smoking‐related cancer (CC vs. CT+TT aOR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.17–0.77). Bayesian correction for multiple comparisons suggests that chance is unlikely to explain our findings (although epigenetic mechanisms may be in effect), which support our hypotheses, suggesting that IL10 rs1800871 is a susceptibility marker for oropharyngeal and lung cancers, and that TNF rs1799964 is associated with smoking‐related cancers among never smokers.
Flood management and flood warning system in China
Authors: Ma Jianming , Tan Xuming , Zhang Nianqiang 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis paper briefly introduces the flood disaster situation in China. After reviewing the strategic adjustments on flood management, the achievements related to the flood warning system are described. More specifically, non‐structural measures on flash flood management are discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Canal water management: Case study of upper Chenab Canal in Pakistan
Authors: Shakir A. S. , Khan N. M. , Qureshi M. M. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIncreasing world population requires that crop production from irrigated areas needs to be enhanced by as much as 40% by the year 2025. This necessitates that the canal water management system be revisited and possible improvements suggested and implemented. The daily reference evapotranspiration for the Upper Chenab Canal (UCC) is estimated using the Penmann–Monteith equation 2000. Meteorological data of Sialkot station has been employed on a daily basis for a period of 8 years (1999–2006). The crop water requirements have been estimated using reference evapotranspiration, crop coefficients and cropping periods for different crops cultivated according to existing cropping pattern. Crop staggering has also been incorporated into the study. The comparison of actual canal water supplies and crop water requirements indicated an annual shortage of more than 40%, which may reduce slightly if allocated water supplies according to the Water Apportionment Accord 1991 can be ensured. The maximum deficit is 320 m3 s−1 and occurs in the month of August. This shortfall is normally met by pumping low‐quality groundwater, which is increasing secondary salinity in the area. Possible options for better water management in the UCC command area to optimize crop yields are presented, and it is recommended to look into demand side management including canal lining and on‐farm water management practices. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gonadotropin‐regulated testicular RNA helicase (GRTH/DDX25) gene: Cell‐specific expression and transcriptional regulation by androgen in transgenic mouse testis
Authors: Tsai‐Morris Chon‐Hwa , Sheng Yi , Gutti Ravi , Li Jie , Pickel James , Dufau Maria L. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractGonadotropin‐regulated testicular RNA helicase is a multifunctional enzyme present in both Leydig and germ cells that is essential for the progress of spermatogenesis. GRTH gene expression is transcriptionally upregulated by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) via second messenger (cAMP) and androgen in Leydig cells. The regulatory region(s) in the GRTH gene that is/are required for its cell‐specific expression in the testis and hCG/androgen dependent expression were investigated in transgenic mice carrying sequential deletions of 5′ flanking sequences of the GRTH gene. GFP‐reporter gene expression directed by the GRTH 5′ flanking sequences extending to −3.6 kb was specifically located in Leydig cells and the 205 bp minimal promoter domain was sufficient for this cell‐specific expression. The 1 kb (5′ to the ATG codon) transgene‐directed expression was markedly increased by in vivo hCG treatment. Administration of the androgen receptor inhibitor Flutamide blocked the basal and hCG stimulated GFP expression in Leydig cells. We conclude that the expression of GRTH in testicular cells is differentially regulated by its 5′ flanking sequence and that the 1 kb fragment of GRTH gene contains sequences for androgen regulation of its expression in Leydig cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 109: 1142–1147, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development and validation of the chinese rehearsal scale for preadolescent chinese children
Authors: Ling Fiona C.M. , Maxwell Jonathan P. , Masters Richard S.W. , McManus Alison M. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractRoger (1997) defined rehearsal as “the tendency to rehearse or ruminate on emotionally upsetting events” (p. 71). The Rehearsal Scale for Children–Chinese (RSC‐C) was developed from the original 14‐item Rehearsal Scale of the Emotion Control Questionnaire (Roger & Nesshoever, 1987) after translation and modification for Hong Kong Chinese preadolescents (aged 6–12 years). Confirmatory factor analysis using structural equation modeling revealed that with 1 item deleted from the original scale, the RSC‐C possessed good internal validity and satisfactory test‐retest reliability within a 1‐year period. The new 13‐item RSC‐C also showed good external validity and internal reliability (α=.76). Convergent and discriminant validity was evidenced against the Emotional Problem and the Prosocial Behavior Subscales of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (Goodman, 1997), respectively. No gender differences in rehearsal scores were found. It was concluded that the 13‐item RSC‐C could be useful for measuring rehearsal in Chinese preadolescents. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 66: 1–10, 2010.
Myogenic skeletal muscle satellite cells communicate by tunnelling nanotubes
Authors: Tavi Pasi , Korhonen Topi , Hänninen Sandra L. , Bruton Joseph D. , Lööf Sara , Simon Andras , Westerblad Håkan 
Published: January 2010

AbstractQuiescent satellite cells sit on the surface of the muscle fibres under the basal lamina and are activated by a variety of stimuli to disengage, divide and differentiate into myoblasts that can regenerate or repair muscle fibres. Satellite cells adopt their parent's fibre type and must have some means of communication with the parent fibre. The mechanisms behind this communication are not known. We show here that satellite cells form dynamic connections with muscle fibres and other satellite cells by F‐actin based tunnelling nanotubes (TNTs). Our results show that TNTs readily develop between satellite cells and muscle fibres. Once developed, TNTs permit transport of intracellular material, and even cellular organelles such as mitochondria between the muscle fibre and satellite cells. The onset of satellite cell differentiation markers Pax‐7 and MyoD expression was slower in satellite cells cultured in the absence than in the presence of muscle cells. Furthermore physical contact between myofibre and satellite cell progeny is required to maintain subtype identity. Our data establish that TNTs constitute an integral part of myogenic cell communication and that physical cellular interaction control myogenic cell fate determination. J. Cell. Physiol. 223: 376–383, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exposure of Toll‐like receptors 4 to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) impairs human colonic smooth muscle cell function
Authors: Scirocco Annunziata , Matarrese Paola , Petitta Chiara , Cicenia Alessia , Ascione Barbara , Mannironi Cecilia , Ammoscato Francesca , Cardi Maurizio , Fanello Gianfranco , Guarino Michele P.L. , Malorni Walter , Severi Carola 
Published: January 2010

AbstractEndotoxemia by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been reported to affect gut motility specifically depending on Toll‐like receptor 4 activation (TLR4). However, the direct impact of LPS ligation to TLR4 on human smooth muscle cells (HSMC) activity still remains to be elucidated. The present study shows that TLR4, its associated molecule MD2, and TLR2 are constitutively expressed on cultured HSMC and that, once activated, they impair HSMC function. The stimulation of TLR4 by LPS induced a time‐ and dose‐dependent contractile dysfunction, which was associated with a decrease of TLR2 messenger, a rearrangement of microfilament cytoskeleton and an oxidative imbalance, i.e., the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) together with the depletion of GSH content. An alteration of mitochondria, namely a hyperpolarization of their membrane potential, was also detected. Most of these effects were partially prevented by the NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin or the NFκB inhibitor MG132. Finally, a 24 h washout in LPS‐free medium almost completely restored morphofunctional and biochemical HSMC resting parameters, even if GSH levels remained significantly lower and no recovery was observed in TLR2 expression. Thus, the exposure to bacterial endotoxin directly and persistently impaired gastrointestinal smooth muscle activity indicating that HSMC actively participate to dysmotility during infective burst. The knowledge of these interactions might provide novel information on the pathogenesis of infection‐associated gut dysmotility and further clues for the development of new therapeutic strategies. J. Cell. Physiol. 223: 442–450, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of OCTN2 and OCTN3 in the apical membrane of rat renal cortex and medulla
Authors: Cano M.M. , Calonge M.L. , Ilundain A.A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractImmunological assays and transport measurements in apical membrane vesicles revealed that the apical membrane of rat kidney cortex and medulla presents OCTN2 and OCTN3 proteins and transportsL‐[3H]‐carnitine in a Na+‐dependent and ‐independent manner. OCTN2 mediates the Na+/L‐carnitine transport activity measured in medulla because (i) the transport showed the same characteristics as the cortical Na+/L‐carnitine transporter and (ii) the medulla expressed OCTN2 mRNA and protein. The Na+‐independentL‐carnitine transport activity appears to be mediated by both OCTN2 and OCTN3 since: (i) Na+‐independentL‐carnitine uptake was inhibited by both, anti‐OCTN2 and anti‐OCTN3 antibodies, (ii) kinetics studies revealed the involvement of a high‐ and a low‐affinity transport systems, and (iii) Western and immunohistochemistry studies revealed that OCTN3 protein is located at the apical membrane of the kidney epithelia. The Na+‐independentL‐carnitine uptake exhibited trans‐stimulation by intravesicularL‐carnitine or betaine. This trans‐stimulation was inhibited by anti‐OCTN3 antibody, but not by anti‐OCTN2 antibody, indicating that OCTN3 can function as anL‐carnitine/organic compound exchanger. This is the first report showing a functional apical OCTN2 in the renal medulla and a functional apical OCTN3 in both renal cortex and medulla. J. Cell. Physiol. 223: 451–459, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nmp4/CIZ inhibits mechanically induced β‐catenin signaling activity in osteoblasts
Authors: Yang Zhouqi , Bidwell Joseph P. , Young Suzanne R. , Gerard‐O'Riley Rita , Wang Haifang , Pavalko Fredrick M. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractCellular mechanotransduction, the process of converting mechanical signals into biochemical responses within cells, is a critical aspect of bone health. While the effects of mechanical loading on bone are well recognized, elucidating the specific molecular pathways involved in the processing of mechanical signals by bone cells represents a challenge and an opportunity to identify therapeutic strategies to combat bone loss. In this study we have for the first time examined the relationship between the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling transcription factor nuclear matrix protein‐4/cas interacting zinc finger protein (Nmp4/CIZ) and β‐catenin signaling in response to a physiologic mechanical stimulation (oscillatory fluid shear stress, OFSS) in osteoblasts. Using calvaria‐derived osteoblasts from Nmp4‐deficient and wild‐type mice, we found that the normal translocation of β‐catenin to the nucleus in osteoblasts that is induced by OFSS is enhanced when Nmp4/CIZ is absent. Furthermore, we found that other aspects of OFSS‐induced mechanotransduction generally associated with the β‐catenin signaling pathway, including ERK, Akt, and GSK3β activity, as well as expression of the β‐catenin‐responsive protein cyclin D1 are also enhanced in cells lacking Nmp4/CIZ. Finally, we found that in the absence of Nmp4/CIZ, OFSS‐induced cytoskeletal reorganization and the formation of focal adhesions between osteoblasts and the extracellular substrate is qualitatively enhanced, suggesting that Nmp4/CIZ may reduce the sensitivity of bone cells to mechanical stimuli. Together these results provide experimental support for the concept that Nmp4/CIZ plays an inhibitory role in the response of bone cells to mechanical stimulation induced by OFSS. J. Cell. Physiol. 223: 435–441, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.