bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Backshore coarsening processes triggered by wave‐induced sand transport: the critical role of storm events
Authors: Udo Keiko , Mano Akira 
Published: January 2010

AbstractSpatial backshore processes were investigated through field observations of topography and median sand grain size at a sandy beach facing the Pacific Ocean in Japan. A comparison of the backshore profile and cross‐shore distribution of the median sand grain size in 1999 and 2004 revealed an unusual sedimentary process in which sand was coarsened in a depositional area in the 5‐year period, although sediment is generally coarsened in erosional areas. In support of these observations, monthly spatial field analyses carried out in 2004 demonstrated a remarkable backshore coarsening process triggered by sedimentation in the seaward part of the backshore during a storm event. In order to elucidate mechanisms involved in the backshore coarsening process, thresholds of movable sand grain size under wave and wind actions (a uniform parameter for both these cases) in the onshore and offshore directions were estimated using wave, tide, and wind data. The cross‐shore distributions of the estimated thresholds provided reasonable values and demonstrated a coarsening mechanism involving the intermediate zone around the shoreline under alternating wave and wind actions as a result of which coarse sand was transported toward the seaward part of the backshore by large waves during storms and then toward the landward part by strong onshore winds. The 5‐year backshore coarsening is most certainly explained by repetition of short‐term coarsening mechanisms caused by wave‐induced sand transport occurring from the nearshore to the intermediate zone. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Constraining Holocene sea levels using U‐Th ages of phreatic overgrowths on speleothems from coastal caves in Mallorca (Western Mediterranean)
Authors: Tuccimei Paola , Soligo Michele , Ginés Joaquin , Ginés Angel , Fornós Joan , Kramers Jan , Villa Igor Maria 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPhreatic overgrowths on speleothems (POS) are carbonate formations deposited at the water table of caves in unique karstic coastal settings having morphologies that can be directly related to sea level at the time of formation. The U‐Th ages of calcite and aragonite overgrowths collected from the modern water table in coastal caves on Mallorca (Cova de Cala Varques A and Cova des Pas de Vallgornera) were determined using high‐precision MC‐ICPMS techniques. U‐Th ages indicate that phreatic carbonate deposition occurred between ca 2·8 and at least 0·6 ka BP and are in accord with an archeologically estimated age of 3·7–3·0 ka BP for a drowned prehistoric construction at a depth of 1 m below current sea level in a cave from the same area. Speleothem δ13C and δ18O and chemical composition of cave pools provide supportive evidence that POS reflect mixing between seawater and brackish water table. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Large‐scale sediment bodies and superimposed bedforms on the continental shelf close to the Strait of Gibraltar: interplay of complex oceanographic conditions and physiographic constraints
Authors: Lobo F. J. , Maldonado A. , Noormets R. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA previously unknown field of large‐scale sedimentary bodies has been mapped and studied on the continental shelf off the Cape Trafalgar near the Strait of Gibraltar with particular emphasis on the relationship between large‐scale sediment bodies and the superimposed bedforms. This study is based on a grid of 975 km of high‐resolution seismic profiles collected at water depths ranging between 15 and 60 m.High variability of large‐scale sedimentary bodies is attributed to the complex interaction of hydrodynamic agents. The most prominent sedimentary features are sand banks and ridges that indicate long‐term southwest and southward‐directed sediment transport patterns, possibly due to the interplay of two dominant current systems flowing southward and westward. These sediment bodies evolve laterally to distinct external geometries, such as sand shoals in shallow water and sand sheets in the vicinity of larger sand banks that indicate moderate current velocities. In addition, pre‐existing physiography is considered to play a role in the generation of certain sediment bodies, developed over inclined surfaces or confined laterally by elevations.Relationships between superimposed bedforms (mostly very large dunes) and underlying sediment bodies vary across the study area. Most superimposed bedforms occur over the complex mosaic of sediment banks and sheets, suggesting the interaction of several high‐energy currents with different directions, such as tidal and/or wind‐driven currents. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Weathering, Sr fluxes, and controls on water chemistry in the Lake Qinghai catchment, NE Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Jin Zhangdong , Wang Sumin , Zhang Fei , Shi Yuewei 
Published: January 2010

AbstractStrontium (Sr) concentrations and isotopic ratios have been measured in a series of water and rock samples from most of the major tributaries of the Lake Qinghai basin on the north‐eastern Tibetan Plateau. Dissolved Sr and 87Sr/86Sr show ranges of 488–12 240 nmol/l and 0·710497–0·716977, respectively. These data, together with measurements of major cations and anions in rivers and their tributaries and various lithologies of the catchment, were used to determine the contributions of Sr and its isotopic expense to rivers and lakes. Our results demonstrate that the chemical components and 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the alkaline waters are derived from mixing of carbonate and silicate sources, with the former contributing 72 ± 18% dissolved Sr to rivers. The difference in tributary compositions stems from the lithology of different river systems and low weathering intensity under a semi‐arid condition. Variation in 87Sr/86Sr ratios places constraint on the Sr‐isotopic compositions of the main tributaries surrounding Lake Qinghai. The water chemistry of the Buha River, the largest river within the catchment underlain by the late Paleozoic marine limestone and sandstones, dominates Sr isotopic composition of the lake water, being buffered by the waters from the other rivers and probably by groundwater. However, the characteristic chemical composition of the lake itself differs remarkably from the rivers, which can be attributed to precipitation of authigenic carbonates (low‐magnesium calcite, aragonite, and dolomite), though this does not impact the Sr isotope signature, which may remain a faithful indicator in paleo‐records. Regarding the potential role of groundwater input within the Lake Qinghai systems in the water budget and water chemistry, we have also determined the Sr concentration and 87Sr/S6Sr ratio of groundwater from diverse environments. This has allowed us to further constrain the Sr isotope systematic of this source. A steady‐state calculation gives an estimate for the groundwater flux of 0·19 ± 0·03 × 108 m3/yr, accounting for about 8% of contemporary lake Sr budget. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lactational zinc deficiency‐induced hippocampal neuronal apoptosis by a BDNF‐independent TrkB signaling pathway
Authors: Xu He , Gao Hui‐Ling , Zheng Wei , Xin Na , Chi Zhi‐Hong , Bai Shu‐Ling , Wang Zhan‐You 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIt is well‐known that zinc deficiency leads to neuronal death in the brain. Here we tested the hypothesis that changes in the TrkB signaling pathway are involved in hippocampal neuronal apoptosis of suckling offspring with maternal zinc deficiency. Postpartum mice were fed a zinc‐deficient (0.85 ppm) diet and their offspring were used as a lactational zinc deficiency mouse model. At P7, P14, and P21, changes in hippocampal neuronal apoptosis were assessed by Nissl and TUNEL staining. BDNF levels and TrkB neurotrophic signaling were examined using immunoblotting assay. Lactational zinc deficiency resulted in lower levels of p‐TrkB and p‐ERK, and higher levels of Bax/Bcl‐2 and caspase‐3 in the hippocampus, suggesting that zinc deficiency‐induced low levels of TrkB phosphorylation would abrogate the downstream ERK signaling pathway, leading to hippocampal neuronal apoptosis. Most interestingly, our data showed that the activity of Src, a key molecule for zinc‐induced TrkB activation through the BDNF‐independent pathway, was inhibited significantly, and the expression levels of BDNF were significantly increased in the hippocampus of suckling mice. The present data indicate that zinc depletion‐induced hippocampal neuronal apoptosis is likely through modulation of the TrkB neurotrophic signaling pathway by a BDNF‐independent and Src‐dependent mechanism, whereas higher expression of BDNF is considered as a protective response, which cannot fully compensate for the injury caused by maternal zinc deficiency. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
When do high‐level managers believe they can influence the stock price? Antecedents of stock price expectancy cognitions
Authors: Dunford Benjamin B. , Boswell Wendy R. , Boudreau John W. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractStock based rewards are often used to motivate high‐level managers to take actions to increase the stock price of the firm. However, numerous constraints may weaken the perceived link between individual effort and stock price appreciation for many recipients. This study introduces a new construct, stock price expectancy, which we define as individuals' perceptions of influence over their firm's stock price. We examined its antecedents in a sample of 349 high‐level U.S. managers and found that employment at corporate headquarters, firm size, hierarchical level, and contact with investment analysts predicted stock price expectancy perceptions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Context‐bound configurations of corporate HR functions in multinational corporations
Authors: Farndale Elaine , Paauwe Jaap , Morris Shad S. , Stahl Günter K. , Stiles Philip , Trevor Jonathan , Wright Patrick M. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractConsiderable attention has focused on how multinational corporations (MNCs) deal with the simultaneous pressures of globalization and localization when it comes to human resource management (HRM). HR function activities in this process, however, have received less focus. The study presented here identifies configurations of the corporate HR function based on international HRM (IHRM) structures, exploring how issues of interdependency shape corporate HR roles. The study is based on 248 interviews in 16 MNCs based in 19 countries. The findings are applied to develop a contextually based framework outlining the main corporate HR function configurations in MNCs, including new insights into methods of IHRM practice design. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cross‐cultural differences on work‐to‐family conflict and role satisfaction: A Taiwanese‐British comparison
Authors: Lu Luo , Cooper Cary L. , Kao Shu‐Fang , Chang Ting‐Ting , Allen Tammy D. , Lapierre Laurent M. , O'Driscoll Michael P. , Poelmans Steven A. Y. , Sanchez Juan I. , Spector Paul E. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe aim of this research was to explore relations between work and family demands and resources, work‐to‐family conflict (WFC), and work and family outcomes in a cross‐cultural comparative context involving Taiwanese and British employees. Two‐hundred and sixty‐four Taiwanese employees and 137 British employees were surveyed using structured questionnaires. For both Taiwanese and British employees, work and family demands were positively related to WFC, whereas work resources were negatively related to WFC. Furthermore, WFC was negatively related to family satisfaction. More importantly, we found that nation moderated relationships between work resources and WFC, WFC and work, and family satisfaction. Specifically, work resources had a stronger protective effect for Taiwanese than British in reducing WFC, whereas WFC had a stronger detrimental effect on role satisfaction for British than Taiwanese. It is recommended that both culture‐general and culture‐specific effects should be taken into consideration in designing future WFC research and familyfriendly managerial practices. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Exploring the ethicality of firing employees who blog
Authors: Valentine Sean , Fleischman Gary M. , Sprague Robert , Godkin Lynn 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis exploratory study evaluates the ethical considerations related to employees fired for their blogging activities. Specifically, subject evaluations of two employee‐related blogging scenarios were investigated with established ethical reasoning and moral intensity scales, and a measure of corporate ethical values was included to assess perceptions of organizational ethics. The first scenario involved an employee who was fired because of innocuous blogging, while the second vignette involved an employee who was fired because of work‐related blogging. Survey data were collected from employed college students and working practitioners. The findings indicated that the subjects' ethical judgments that firing an employee for blogging was unethical were negatively related to unethical intentions to fire an employee for blogging. Moral intensity was positively related to ethical judgments and negatively related to unethical intentions to fire an employee for blogging, while individual perceptions of ethical values were negatively associated with unethical intentions. Finally, subjects perceived that terminating an employee for innocuous blogging that did not target an employer was more ethically intense than was firing an employee for work‐related blogging. The implications of the findings for human resource professionals are discussed, as are the study's limitations and suggestions for future research. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Contingent workers' impact on standard employee withdrawal behaviors: Does what you use them for matter?
Authors: Way Sean A. , Lepak David P. , Fay Charles H. , Thacker James W. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPrevious research has suggested that workforce mixing—simultaneously using contingent workers and standard employees—can negatively affect standard employee attitudes and behaviors. In this study, we consider the impact of two reasons employers choose to use contingent workers (to enhance standard employee employment stability and to reduce labor costs) on standard employee withdrawal behaviors (absenteeism and turnover). We posit that when the aim of using contingent labor is to enhance standard employee employment stability (employment stability contingent labor strategy or ESCLS), the effects on standard employee withdrawal behaviors will differ from when the aim is to reduce labor costs (labor cost contingent labor strategy, or LCCLS). Using a sample of 90 firms that employ a mixed workforce, we examine the influence of ESCLS, LCCLS, and high investment HR systems (HIHRS) on standard employee withdrawal behaviors at the firm level. In addition to supporting the hypothesized direct (positive) effect of LCCLS on standard employee withdrawal behaviors, this study's results support the hypothesized moderating effects of HIHRS on the negative relationship between ESCLS and standard employee withdrawal behaviors and the positive relationship between LCCLS and standard employee withdrawal behaviors. Implications for research and practice and suggestions for further research are discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CCA addition to tRNA: Implications for tRNA quality control
Authors: Hou Ya‐Ming 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe CCA sequence is conserved at the 3′ end of all mature tRNA molecules to function as the site of amino acid attachment. This sequence is acquired and maintained by stepwise nucleotide addition by the ubiquitous CCA enzyme, which is an unusual RNA polymerase that does not use a nucleic acid template for nucleotide addition. Crystal structural work has divided CCA enzymes into two structurally distinct classes, which differ in the mechanism of template‐independent nucleotide selection. Recent kinetic work of the class II E. coli CCA enzyme has demonstrated a rapid and uniform rate constant for the chemistry of nucleotide addition at each step of CCA synthesis, although the enzyme uses different determinants to control the rate of each step. Importantly, the kinetic work reveals that, at each step of CCA synthesis, E. coli CCA enzyme has an innate ability to discriminate against tRNA backbone damage. This discrimination suggests the possibility of a previously unrecognized quality control mechanism that would prevent damaged tRNA from CCA maturation and from entering the ribosome machinery of protein synthesis. This quality control is relevant to cellular stress conditions that damage tRNA backbone and predicts a role of CCA addition in stress response. © 2010 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 62(4): 251–260, 2010
Integrin signaling through FAK in the regulation of mammary stem cells and breast cancer
Authors: Guan Jun‐Lin 
Published: January 2010

AbstractFocal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase identified as a key mediator of intracellular signaling by integrins, a major family of cell surface receptors for extracellular matrix, in the regulation of different cellular functions in a variety of cells. Upon activation by integrins through disruption of an autoinhibitory mechanism, FAK undergoes autophosphorylation and forms a complex with Src and other cellular proteins to trigger downstream signaling through its kinase activity or scaffolding function. A number of integrins are identified as surface markers for mammary stem cells (MaSCs), and both integrins and FAK are found to play crucial roles in the maintenance of MaSCs in studies using mouse models, suggesting that integrin signaling through FAK may serve as a functional marker for MaSCs. Consistent with previous studies linking increased expression and activation of FAK to human breast cancer, these findings suggest a novel cellular mechanism of FAK promotion of mammary tumorigenesis by maintaining the pools of MaSCs as targets of oncogenic transformation. Furthermore, FAK inactivation in mouse models of breast cancer also reduced the pool of mammary cancer stem cells (MaCSCs), decreased their self‐renewal in vitro, and compromised their tumorigenicity and maintenance in vivo, suggesting a potential role of integrin signaling through FAK in breast cancer growth and progression through its functions in MaCSCs. This review discusses these recent advances and future studies into the mechanism of integrin signaling through FAK in breast cancer through regulation of MaCSCs that may lead to development of novel therapies for this deadly disease. © 2010 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 62(4): 268–276, 2010
Neuronal cholesterol esterification by ACAT1 in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Chang Ta‐Yuan , Chang Catherine C. Y. , Bryleva Elena , Rogers Maximillian A. , Murphy Stephanie R. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractCholesterol has been implicated in various neurodegenerative diseases. Here we review the connection between cholesterol and Alzheimer's disease (AD), focusing on a recent study that links neuronal cholesterol esterification with biosynthesis of 24(S)‐hydroxycholesterol and the fate of human amyloid precursor protein in a mouse model of AD. We also briefly evaluate the potential of ACAT1 as a drug target for AD. © 2010 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 62(4): 261–267, 2010
Porcine induced pluripotent stem cells may bridge the gap between mouse and human iPS
Authors: Esteban Miguel A. , Peng Meixiu , Deli Zhang , Cai Jie , Yang Jiayin , Xu Jianyong , Lai Liangxue , Pei Duanqing 
Published: January 2010

AbstractRecently, three independent laboratories reported the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from pig (Sus scrofa). This finding sums to the growing list of species (mouse, human, monkey, and rat, in this order) for which successful reprogramming using exogenous factors has been achieved, and multiple others are possibly forthcoming. But apart from demonstrating the universality of the network identified by Shinya Yamanaka, what makes the porcine model so special? On one side, pigs are an agricultural commodity and have an easy and affordable maintenance compared with nonhuman primates that normally need to be imported. On the other side, resemblance (for example, size of organs) of porcine and human physiology is striking and because pigs are a regular source of food the ethical concerns that still remain in monkeys are not applicable. Besides, the prolonged lifespan of pigs compared with other domestic species can allow exhaustive follow up of side effects after transplantation. Porcine iPSCs may thus fill the gap between the mouse model, which due to its ease is preferred for mechanistic studies, and the first clinical trials using iPSCs in humans. However, although these studies are relevant and have created significant interest they face analogous problems that we discuss herein together with potential new directions. © 2010 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 62(4): 277–282, 2010
Stochastic monotonicity in intergenerational mobility tables
Authors: Dardanoni Valentino , Fiorini Mario , Forcina Antonio 
Published: January 2010

SUMMARYThe aim of this paper is to test for stochastic monotonicity in intergenerational socio‐economic mobility tables. In other words, we question whether having a parent from a high socio‐economic status is never worse than having one with a lower status. Using existing inferential procedures for testing unconditional stochastic monotonicity, we first test a set of 149 intergenerational mobility tables in 35 different countries and find that monotonicity cannot be rejected in hardly any table. In addition, we propose new testing procedures for testing conditional stochastic monotonicity and investigate whether monotonicity still holds after conditioning on a number of covariates such as education, cognitive and non‐cognitive skills. Based on the NCDS cohort data from the UK, our results provide evidence that monotonicity holds, even conditionally. Moreover, we do not find large differences in our results when comparing social class and wage class mobility. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pancytopenia with severe thrombocytopenia in a patient treated with twice‐weekly LDL‐apheresis by polyacrylate adsorption from whole blood
Authors: Nowack Rainer , Wiedemann Günther 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPancytopenia with severe thrombocytopenia occurred in a patient treated with low‐density lipoprotein (LDL)‐apheresis by polyacrylate adsorption from whole blood, after treatment frequency had been increased from once to twice a week. Cell counts recovered with discontinuation of LDL‐apheresis, but thrombocytopenia recurred after resumption of twice‐weekly treatments. Thrombocyte counts remained stable following the replacement of polyacrylate adsorption from whole blood by double‐filtration plasmapheresis. The complications' close coincidence with twice‐weekly polyacrylate adsorption from whole blood suggests a causal relationship, although by a still unknown mechanism. Monitoring of thrombocytes should be advised in patients treated with LDL‐apheresis by polyacrylate adsorption from whole blood. J. Clin. Apheresis 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.