bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complete Genome Sequence of the Pigmented Streptococcus thermophilus Strain JIM8232
Authors: Delorme Christine , Bartholini Claire , Luraschi Mélanie , Pons Nicolas , Loux Valentin , Almeida Mathieu , Guédon Eric , Gibrat Jean-François , Renault Pierre 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACT

Streptococcus thermophilus
is a dairy species commonly used in the manufacture of cheese and yogurt. Here, we report the complete sequence of
S. thermophilus
strain JIM8232, isolated from milk and which produces a yellow pigment, an atypical trait for this bacterium.
Complete Genome Sequences of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains CCDC5079 and CCDC5080, Which Belong to the Beijing Family
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Chen Chen , Liu Jie , Deng Haijun , Pan Aizhen , Zhang Lishui , Zhao Xiuqin , Huang Mingxiang , Lu Bing , Dong Haiyan , Du Pengcheng , Chen Weijun , Wan KangLin 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACT

Mycobacterium tuberculosis
is one of most prevalent pathogens in the world. Drug-resistant strains of this pathogen caused by the excessive use of antibiotics have long posed serious threats to public health worldwide. A broader picture of drug resistance mechanisms at the genomic level can be obtained only with large-scale comparative genomic methodology. Two closely related Beijing family isolates, one resistant to four first-line drugs (CCDC5180) and one sensitive to them (CCDC5079), were completely sequenced. These sequences will serve as valuable references for further drug resistance site identification studies and could be of great importance for developing drugs targeting these sites.
Complete Genome Sequence of Thermococcus sp. Strain 4557, a Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Isolated from a Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Area
Authors: Wang Xingna , Gao Zhaoming , Xu Xun , Ruan Lingwei 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACT

Thermococcus
sp. strain 4557 is a hyperthermophilic anaerobic archaeon isolated from the deep-sea hydrothermal vent Guaymas Basin site in the Gulf of California at a depth of 2,000 m. Here, we present the complete genome sequence of
Thermococcus
sp. 4557, which consists of a single circular chromosome of 2,011,320 bp with a G+C content of 56.08%.
The correlation between third-trimester maternal and newborn-serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D in a selected South Australian group of newborn samples
Authors: Thomas Sunethra Devika C , Fudge Andrew N , Whiting Malcolm , Coates Penelope S 
Published: September 2011

BackgroundAlthough vitamin D insufficiency is prevalent in the community, only a few population-based studies have measured serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25OHD) levels during pregnancy and in newborns. Maternal vitamin D deficiency has been linked to pregnancy complications, as well as hypocalcaemia and rickets in the newborn. Here, the authors report third-trimester maternal and newborn-serum 25OHD concentrations in 101 neonates whose serum samples were sent for testing.MethodsThe newborn 25OHD levels were correlated with the third-trimester maternal serum 25OHD levels using a least-square regression analysis. All samples were measured using an enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Ten randomly selected newborn serum samples were also measured using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry LC-MSMS, and correlated with the EIA method.ResultsOut of 99 mothers of the newborns, only 19, 42 and 68 had their 25OHD level measured in the first, second and third trimester respectively. The mean maternal age was 30 years, while the mean maternal third-trimester 25OHD concentration was 48 nmol/l. Of the newborns, 53% were female, and 85% were term deliveries. The mean newborn-serum 25OHD was 68 nmol/l. Neonatal 25OHD was related to maternal third-trimester levels measured by EIA (r=0.3; newborn 25OHD=0.42(maternal 25OHD)+44.2; p=0.02). EIA and LC-MSMS concentrations for newborns correlated significantly over a range between 20 and 103 nmol/l by EIA (r=0.9; EIA=1.04(LCMSMS)+10.1; p<0.00 (slope); p=0.18 (intercept)). The mean 25OHD concentration in women who suffered pre-eclampsia and premature rupture of membranes were 45 and 39 nmol/l respectively.ConclusionsNewborn-serum 25OHD concentrations depend on the maternal circulating plasma 25OHD level at least during the third trimester. Neonatal 25OHD levels obtained by EIA correlated well with LC-MSMS. Although the EIA values for neonates were greater than LC-MSMS values, this difference was not statistically significant.
Prognostic Value of Routine Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Assessment of Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction and Myocardial Damage
Authors: Klem Igor , Shah Dipan J. , White Richard D. , Pennell Dudley J. , van Rossum Albert C. , Regenfus Matthias , Sechtem Udo , Schvartzman Paulo R. , Hunold Peter , Croisille Pierre , Parker Michele , Judd Robert M. , Kim Raymond J. 
Published: September 2011

Background—
Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is considered the reference standard for assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and myocardial damage. However, few studies have evaluated the relationship between CMR findings and patient outcome, and of these, most are small and none multicenter. We performed an international, multicenter study to assess the prognostic importance of routine CMR in patients with known or suspected heart disease.

Methods and Results—

From 10 centers in 6 countries, consecutive patients undergoing routine CMR assessment of LVEF and myocardial damage by cine and delayed-enhancement imaging (DE-CMR), respectively, were screened for enrollment. Clinical data, CMR protocol information, and findings were collected at all sites and submitted to the data coordinating center for verification of completeness and analysis. The primary end point was all-cause mortality. A total of 1560 patients (age, 59±14 years; 70% men) were enrolled. Mean LVEF was 45±18%, and 1049 (67%) patients had hyperenhanced tissue (HE) on DE-CMR indicative of damage. During a median follow-up time of 2.4 years (interquartile range, 1.2, 2.9 years), 176 (11.3%) patients died. Patients who died were more likely to be older (
P
<0.0001), have coronary disease (
P
=0.004), have lower LVEF (
P
<0.0001), and have more segments with HE (
P
<0.0001). In multivariable analysis, age, LVEF, and number of segments with HE were independent predictors of mortality. Among patients with near-normal LVEF (≥50%), those with above-median HE (>4 segments) had reduced survival compared to patients with below- or at-median HE (
P
=0.02).

Conclusions—
Both LVEF and amount of myocardial damage as assessed by routine CMR are independent predictors of all-cause mortality. Even in patients with near-normal LVEF, significant damage identifies a cohort with a high risk for early mortality.
Changes in the Extratropical Storm Tracks in Response to Changes in SST in an AGCM
Authors: Graff Lise Seland , LaCasce J. H. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
A poleward shift in the extratropical storm tracks has been identified in observational and climate simulations. The authors examine the role of altered sea surface temperatures (SSTs) on the storm-track position and intensity in an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) using realistic lower boundary conditions.
A set of experiments was conducted in which the SSTs where changed by 2 K in specified latitude bands. The primary profile was inspired by the observed trend in ocean temperatures, with the largest warming occurring at low latitudes. The response to several other heating patterns was also investigated, to examine the effect of imposed gradients and low- versus high-latitude heating. The focus is on the Northern Hemisphere (NH) winter, averaged over a 20-yr period.
Results show that the storm tracks respond to changes in both the mean SST and SST gradients, consistent with previous studies employing aquaplanet (water only) boundary conditions. Increasing the mean SST strengthens the Hadley circulation and the subtropical jets, causing the storm tracks to intensify and shift poleward. Increasing the SST gradient at midlatitudes similarly causes an intensification and a poleward shift of the storm tracks. Increasing the gradient in the tropics, on the other hand, causes the Hadley cells to contract and the storm tracks to shift equatorward. Consistent shifts are seen in the mean zonal velocity, the atmospheric baroclinicity, the eddy heat and momentum fluxes, and the atmospheric meridional overturning circulation. The results support the idea that oceanic heating could be a contributing factor to the observed shift in the storm tracks.
Will There Be a Significant Change to El Niño in the Twenty-First Century?
Authors: Stevenson Samantha , Fox-Kemper Baylor , Jochum Markus , Neale Richard , Deser Clara , Meehl Gerald 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) response to anthropogenic climate change is assessed in the following 1° nominal resolution Community Climate System Model, version 4 (CCSM4) Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) simulations: twentieth-century ensemble, preindustrial control, twenty-first-century projections, and stabilized 2100–2300 “extension runs.” ENSO variability weakens slightly with CO2; however, various significance tests reveal that changes are insignificant at all but the highest CO2 levels. Comparison with the 1850 control simulation suggests that ENSO changes may become significant on centennial time scales; the lack of signal in the twentieth- versus twenty-first-century ensembles is due to their limited duration. Changes to the mean state are consistent with previous studies: a weakening of the subtropical wind stress curl, an eastward shift of the tropical convective cells, a reduction in the zonal SST gradient, and an increase in vertical thermal stratification take place as CO2 increases. The extratropical thermocline deepens throughout the twenty-first century, with the tropical thermocline changing slowly in response. The adjustment time scale is set by the relevant ocean dynamics, and the delay in its effect on ENSO variability is not diminished by increasing ensemble size. The CCSM4 results imply that twenty-first-century simulations may simply be too short for identification of significant tropical variability response to climate change. An examination of atmospheric teleconnections, in contrast, shows that the remote influences of ENSO do respond rapidly to climate change in some regions, particularly during boreal winter. This suggests that changes to ENSO impacts may take place well before changes to oceanic tropical variability itself become significant.
Cytokinetically quiescent (G0/G1) human multiple myeloma cells are susceptible to simultaneous inhibition of Chk1 and MEK1/2
Authors: Pei Xin-Yan , Dai Yun , Youssefian Leena E. , Chen Shuang , Bodie Wesley W. , Takabatake Yukie , Felthousen Jessica , Almenara Jorge A. , Kramer Lora B. , Dent Paul , Grant Steven 
Published: September 2011

AbstractEffects of Chk1 and MEK1/2 inhibition were investigated in cytokinetically quiescent multiple myeloma (MM) and primary CD138+ cells. Coexposure to the Chk1 and MEK1/2 inhibitors AZD7762 and selumetinib (AZD6244) robustly induced apoptosis in various MM cells and CD138+ primary samples, but spared normal CD138− and CD34+ cells. Furthermore, Chk1/MEK1/2 inhibitor treatment of asynchronized cells induced G0/G1 arrest and increased apoptosis in all cell-cycle phases, including G0/G1. To determine whether this regimen is active against quiescent G0/G1 MM cells, cells were cultured in low-serum medium to enrich the G0/G1 population. G0/G1–enriched cells exhibited diminished sensitivity to conventional agents (eg, Taxol and VP-16) but significantly increased susceptibility to Chk1 ± MEK1/2 inhibitors or Chk1 shRNA knock-down. These events were associated with increased γH2A.X expression/foci formation and Bim up-regulation, whereas Bim shRNA knock-down markedly attenuated lethality. Immunofluorescent analysis of G0/G1–enriched or primary MM cells demonstrated colocalization of activated caspase-3 and the quiescent (G0) marker statin, a nuclear envelope protein. Finally, Chk1/MEK1/2 inhibition increased cell death in the Hoechst-positive (Hst+), low pyronin Y (PY)–staining (2N Hst+/PY−) G0 population and in sorted small side-population (SSP) MM cells. These findings provide evidence that cytokinetically quiescent MM cells are highly susceptible to simultaneous Chk1 and MEK1/2 inhibition.
Sex differences in resident immune cell phenotype underlie more efficient acute inflammatory responses in female mice
Authors: Scotland Ramona S. , Stables Melanie J. , Madalli Shimona , Watson Peter , Gilroy Derek W. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Females are protected against mortality arising from severe sepsis; however, the precise mechanisms that confer this survival advantage in females over males are unclear. Resident leukocytes in resting tissues have a significant influence on circulating cytokine levels and recruitment of blood leukocytes during acute inflammatory responses. Whether the phenotype of resident leukocytes is distinct in females is unknown. In the present study, we show that the numbers of leukocytes occupying the naive peritoneal and pleural cavities is higher in female than in male mice and rats, comprising more T and B lymphocytes and macrophages. The altered immune cell composition of the female peritoneum is controlled by elevated tissue chemokine expression. Female resident macrophages also exhibit greater TLR expression and enhanced phagocytosis and NADPH oxidase–mediated bacterial killing. However, macrophage-derived cytokine production is diminished by proportionally more resident immunomodulatory CD4+ T lymphocytes. Ovarian hormones regulate macrophage phenotype, function, and numbers, but have no significant impact on T-lymphocyte populations in females. We have identified a fundamental sex difference in phenotype of resident leukocytes. We propose that the distinct resident leukocyte population in females allows aggressive recognition and elimination of diverse infectious stimuli without recruitment of circulating neutrophils or excessive cytokine production.
Analysis of injury death trends among women in Macheng City, China, 1984-2008
Authors: Hu Yang , Wu Li , Yu Xiang , Zhang Dekai , Liu Xiaoxian , Wang Youjie 
Published: September 2011

Abstract

Background
There are few studies on trends in injury death rates in China during the recent decades of tremendous change in this society. This paper examined trends in injury mortality rates among women aged 15 years or older in Macheng City from 1984-2008.

Methods
Data on injury deaths in women from 1984 to 2008 were obtained from the Death Registry System in Macheng City. Injuries were classified using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), 9th and 10th editions.

Results
The average overall injury death rate of women aged 15 or older was 87.6/100,000 in Macheng City from 1984-2008. Injuries were the leading cause of death for women aged 15-44 and the fourth cause of death for all women during this period. The all-cause injury mortality rate decreased from 149.01 per 100,000 population in 1984 to 32.90 per 100,000 population in 2008 for women. Road traffic injury (RTI) was the only injury for which the mortality rate increased dramatically from 1984 (1.35 per 100,000) to 2008 (4.63 per 100,000). For all age groups, suicide was the leading cause of injury death. For women aged 15 to 64, RTI and drowning were the second and third leading causes of injury deaths, respectively.

Conclusions
The injury mortality rate for women aged 15 years or older decreased by 77.92% from 1984-2008. In contrast, RTI deaths increased sharply in the 2000s compared with the 1980s. Although the suicide rate decreased dramatically, it was still the leading cause of injury death for women. Research is needed to identify risk factors contributing to the increase in RTI and decrease in suicides.
Musculoskeletal ultrasound in pediatric rheumatology
Authors: Tok Fatih , Demirkaya Erkan , Özçakar Levent 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Although musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) has emerged as an indispensible tool among physicians involved in musculoskeletal medicine in the last two decades, only recently has it become more attractive to pediatric rheumatologists. Thereafter, the use of MSUS in pediatric rheumatology has started to increase. Yet, an ever-growing body of literature shows parity and even superiority of MSUS when compared to physical examination and other imaging modalities.
MSUS is suitable for examination of children of all ages and it has certain advantages over other imaging modalities; as it is cheaper, mobile, instantly accessible bedside, easy to combine with clinical assessment (interactivity) and non-invasive. It does not require sedation, which facilitates repetitive examinations. Assessment of multiple locations is possible during the same session. Agitation is rarely a problem and small children can be seated in their parents' lap or they can even play while being examined.
Identification of Sodium Channel Isoforms That Mediate Action Potential Firing in Lamina I/II Spinal Cord Neurons
Authors: Hildebrand Michael E , Mezeyova Janette , Smith Paula L , Salter Michael W , Tringham Elizabeth , Snutch Terrance P 
Published: September 2011

Background: Voltage-gated sodium channels play key roles in acute and chronic pain processing. The molecular, biophysical, and pharmacological properties of sodium channel currents have been extensively studied for peripheral nociceptors while the properties of sodium channel currents in dorsal horn spinal cord neurons remain incompletely understood. Thus far, investigations into the roles of sodium channel function in nociceptive signaling have primarily focused on recombinant channels or peripheral nociceptors. Here, we utilize recordings from lamina I/II neurons withdrawn from the surface of spinal cord slices to systematically determine the functional properties of sodium channels expressed within the superficial dorsal horn. Results: Sodium channel currents within lamina I/II neurons exhibited relatively hyperpolarized voltage-dependent properties and fast kinetics of both inactivation and recovery from inactivation, enabling small changes in neuronal membrane potentials to have large effects on intrinsic excitability. By combining biophysical and pharmacological channel properties with quantitative real-time PCR results, we demonstrate that functional sodium channel currents within lamina I/II neurons are predominantly composed of the NaV1.2 and NaV1.3 isoforms. Conclusions: Overall, lamina I/II neurons express a unique combination of functional sodium channels that are highly divergent from the sodium channel isoforms found within peripheral nociceptors, creating potentially complementary or distinct ion channel targets for future pain therapeutics.
FSTL5 Is a Marker of Poor Prognosis in Non-WNT/Non-SHH Medulloblastoma
Authors: Remke Marc , Hielscher Thomas , Korshunov Andrey , Northcott Paul A. , Bender Sebastian , Kool Marcel , Westermann Frank , Benner Axel , Cin Huriye , Ryzhova Marina , Sturm Dominik , Witt Hendrik , Haag Daniel , Toedt Grischa , Wittmann Andrea , Schöttler Anna , von Bueren André O. , von Deimling Andreas , Rutkowski Stefan , Scheurlen Wolfram , Kulozik Andreas E. , Taylor Michael D. , Lichter Peter , Pfister Stefan M. 
Published: September 2011

Purpose Integrated genomics approaches have revealed at least four distinct biologic variants of medulloblastoma: WNT (wingless), SHH (sonic hedgehog), group C, and group D. Because of the remarkable clinical heterogeneity of group D tumors and the dismal prognosis of group C patients, it is vital to identify molecular biomarkers that will allow early and effective treatment stratification in these non-WNT/non-SHH tumors. Patients and Methods We combined transcriptome and DNA copy-number analyses for 64 primary medulloblastomas. Bioinformatic tools were used to discover marker genes of molecular variants. Differentially expressed transcripts were evaluated for prognostic value in the screening cohort. The prognostic power of follistatin-like 5 (FSTL5) immunopositivity was tested for 235 nonoverlapping medulloblastoma samples on two independent tissue microarrays. Results Comprehensive analyses of transcriptomic and genetic alterations delineate four distinct variants of medulloblastoma. Stable subgroup separation was achieved by using the 300 transcripts that varied the most. Distinct expression patterns of FSTL5 in each molecular subgroup were confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Immunopositivity of FSTL5 identified a large cohort of patients (84 of 235 patients; 36%) at high risk for relapse and death. Importantly, more than 50% of non-WNT/non-SHH tumors displayed FSTL5 negativity, delineating a large patient cohort with a good prognosis who would otherwise be considered intermediate or high-risk on the basis of current molecular subgrouping. Conclusion FSTL5 expression denoted a dismal prognosis both within and across medulloblastoma subgroups. The addition of FSTL5 immunohistochemistry to existing molecular stratification schemes constitutes a reliable and cost-effective tool for prognostication in future clinical trials of medulloblastoma.
“Double-speak” at the White House: A corpus-assisted study of bisociation in conversational laughter-talk
Authors: Partington Alan 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn this paper, I consider whether the theory of bisociation, the sudden shift from one script (or narrative outline), or language mode or register to another, first developed in relation to joke humor, can help shed light on other forms of laughter-talk (defined as the talk preceding and provoking, intentionally or otherwise, an episode of laughter), particularly that observed in one form of (semi-)spontaneous discourse, namely White House press briefings.Two corpora of briefings transcripts were compiled, one from the Democrat era and one from the subsequent Bush administration, and the laughter bouts, along with their contexts and information on speaker and audience kinesics, were collected and transferred into separate laughter files. Not only was it found that several different forms of bisociation play an important role in briefings laughter-talk, but also that these forms are employed to attempt to achieve an intriguing variety of particular rhetorical argumentative aims, from criticizing the President to threatening an opponent's face to winning audience affiliation.Corpora have only rarely been used to investigate participants' interaction in discourse and still less in studies of laughter-talk or humor interaction. This paper, therefore, is intended as a contribution to the nascent interdisciplinary field of Corpus-Assisted Discourse Studies (CADS).