bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Central and Peripheral Blood Flow During Exercise With a Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device
Authors: Brassard Patrice , Jensen Annette S. , Nordsborg Nikolai , Gustafsson Finn , Møller Jacob E. , Hassager Christian , Boesgaard Søren , Hansen Peter Bo , Olsen Peter Skov , Sander Kåre , Secher Niels H. , Madsen Per Lav 
Published: July 2011

Background—
End-stage heart failure is associated with impaired cardiac output (CO) and organ blood flow. We determined whether CO and peripheral perfusion are maintained during exercise in patients with an axial-flow left ventricular assist device (LVAD) and whether an increase in LVAD pump speed with work rate would increase organ blood flow.

Methods and Results—

Invasively determined CO and leg blood flow and Doppler-determined cerebral perfusion were measured during 2 incremental cycle exercise tests on the same day in 8 patients provided with a HeartMate II LVAD. In random order, patients exercised both with a constant (≈9775 rpm) and with an increasing pump speed (+400 rpm per exercise stage). At 60 W, the elevation in CO was more pronounced with increased pump speed (8.7±0.6 versus 8.1±1.1 L · min
−1
; mean±SD;
P
=0.05), but at maximal exercise increases in CO (from 7.0±0.9 to 13.6±2.5 L · min
−1
;
P
<0.01) and leg blood flow [0.7 (0.5 to 0.8) to 4.4 (3.9 to 4.8) L · min
−1
per leg; median (range);
P
<0.001] were similar with both pumping modes. Normally, middle cerebral artery mean flow velocity increases from ≈50 to ≈65 cm · s
−1
during exercise, but in LVAD patients with a constant pump speed it was low at rest (39±14 cm · s
−1
) and remained unchanged during exercise, whereas in patients with increasing pump speed, it increased by 5.2±2.8 cm · s
−1
at 60 W (
P
<0.01).

Conclusions—
With maximal exercise, the axial-flow LVAD supports near-normal increments in cardiac output and leg perfusion, but cerebral perfusion is poor. Increased pump speed augments cerebral perfusion during exercise.
Oncogenic tyrosine kinase NPM-ALK induces expression of the growth-promoting receptor ICOS
Authors: Zhang Qian , Wang HongYi , Kantekure Kanchan , Paterson Jennifer C. , Liu Xiaobin , Schaffer Andras , Paulos Chrystal , Milone Michael C. , Odum Niels , Turner Suzanne , Marafioti Teresa , Wasik Mariusz A. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Here we report that T-cell lymphoma cells carrying the NPM-ALK fusion protein (ALK+ TCL) frequently express the cell-stimulatory receptor ICOS. ICOS expression in ALK+ TCL is moderate and strictly dependent on the expression and enzymatic activity of NPM-ALK. NPM-ALK induces ICOS expression via STAT3, which triggers the transcriptional activity of the ICOS gene promoter. In addition, STAT3 suppresses the expression of miR-219 that, in turn, selectively inhibits ICOS expression. ALK+ TCL cell lines display extensive DNA methylation of the CpG island located within intron 1, the putative enhancer region, of the ICOS gene, whereas cutaneous T-cell lymphoma cell lines, which strongly express ICOS, show no methylation of the island. Treatment of the ALK+ TCL cell lines with DNA methyltransferase inhibitor reversed the CpG island methylation and augmented the expression of ICOS mRNA and protein. Stimulation of the ICOS receptor with anti-ICOS antibody or ICOS ligand-expressing B cells markedly enhanced proliferation of the ALK+ TCL cells. These results demonstrate that NPM-ALK, acting through STAT3 as the gene transcriptional activator, induces the expression of ICOS, a cell growth promoting receptor. These data also show that the DNA methylation status of the intronic CpG island affects transcriptional activity of the ICOS gene and, consequently, modulates the concentration of the expressed ICOS protein.
Setting the pace: the 2011 Australasian Podiatry Council conference
Authors: Menz Hylton B , Firth Julia 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe 2011 Australasian Podiatry Council conference was held from April 26 to 29 in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. This commentary provides a brief overview of the conference, including the speakers and topic areas covered, selected original research highlights, and award winning presentations.
Intellectual Capital and Financing Decisions: Evidence from the U.S. Patent Data
Authors: Liu Qiao , Wong Kit Pong 
Published: July 2011

This paper develops a real options model to understand two distinct roles played by intellectual capital in corporate financing decisions. Whereas limiting a firm's debt capacity because of its low liquidation value, intellectual capital enhances a firm's debt capacity through its positive impact on earnings. Our model shows that the former dominates or is dominated by the latter, depending on whether the rate of dissipation of intellectual capital upon default is larger or smaller than a critical level, respectively. Using patent-based and research-and-development-based variables as proxies for intellectual capital, we find robust evidence that the relation between intellectual capital and leverage is positive. Specifically, a one-standard-deviation increase in the level of a firm's intellectual capital is associated with an increase of 6.6% to 21.1% in its market leverage. We further find this positive relation to be stronger for biotechnology firms. This paper was accepted by Wei Xiong, finance.
Demand Forecasting Behavior: System Neglect and Change Detection
Authors: Kremer Mirko , Moritz Brent , Siemsen Enno 
Published: July 2011

We analyze how individuals make forecasts based on time-series data. Using a controlled laboratory experiment, we find that forecasting behavior systematically deviates from normative predictions: Forecasters overreact to forecast errors in relatively stable environments, but underreact to errors in relatively unstable environments. The performance loss that is due to such systematic judgment biases is larger in stable than in unstable environments. This paper was accepted by Martin Lariviere, operations management.
Does Product Market Competition Increase Credit Availability?
Authors: Cerasi Vittoria , Fedele Alessandro 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
With asymmetric information between investors and firms, credit availability is affected by the resale value of collateralized productive assets. If liquidation occurs, investors recover a greater value the higher the probability to find a buyer and the higher his willingness to pay to use the assets for production. We extend the idea of complementarities among firms in the same industry (as in Shleifer and Vishny, 1992) to study under which conditions credit availability is enhanced by competition in the product market when assets are industry specific.
Precursor Frequency and Competition Dictate the HLA-A2–Restricted CD8+ T Cell Responses to Influenza A Infection and Vaccination in HLA-A2.1 Transgenic Mice
Authors: Tan Amabel C. L. , La Gruta Nicole L. , Zeng Weiguang , Jackson David C. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
The human HLA-A2–restricted CD8+ T cell response to influenza A virus (IAV) is largely directed against the matrix protein-derived M158–66 epitope and represents an archetypal example of CD8+ T cell immunodominance. In this study, we examined the CD8+ T cell hierarchy to M158–66 and two subdominant IAV-specific epitopes: NS1122–130 and PA46–55 in HLA-A2+ human subjects and HLA-A2.1 transgenic (HHD) mice. Using epitope-based lipopeptides, we show that the CD8+ T cell hierarchy induced by IAV infection could also be induced by lipopeptide vaccination in a context outside of viral infection when the Ag load is equalized. In the HHD HLA-A2.1 mouse model, we show that the naive T cell precursor frequencies, and competition at the Ag presentation level, can predict the IAV-specific CD8+ T cell hierarchy. Immunization of mice with subdominant epitopes alone was unable to overcome the dominance of the M158–66–specific response in the face of IAV challenge; however, a multiepitope vaccination strategy was most effective at generating a broad and multispecific response to infection.
Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-2α Regulates GM-CSF–Derived Soluble Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 1 Production from Macrophages and Inhibits Tumor Growth and Angiogenesis
Authors: Roda Julie M. , Sumner Laura A. , Evans Randall , Phillips Gary S. , Marsh Clay B. , Eubank Timothy D. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Macrophage secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in response to the hypoxic tumor microenvironment contributes to tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. We have recently demonstrated that macrophages stimulated with GM-CSF at low O2 secrete high levels of a soluble form of the VEGF receptor 1 (sVEGFR-1), which neutralizes VEGF and inhibits its biological activity. Using small interfering RNA targeting to deplete hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α or HIF-2α in murine macrophages, we found that macrophage production of sVEGFR-1 in response to low O2 was dependent on HIF-2α, whereas HIF-1α specifically regulated VEGF production. In our current report, we evaluated the growth of B16F10 malignant melanoma in mice with a monocyte/macrophage-selective deletion of HIF-1α or HIF-2α (HIF-1αflox/flox- or HIF-2αflox/+/LysMcre mice). GM-CSF treatment increased intratumoral VEGF and sVEGFR-1 in control mice, an effect that was associated with a decrease in microvessel density. GM-CSF treatment of HIF-1αflox/flox/LysMcre mice induced sVEGFR-1 but not VEGF, resulting in an overall greater reduction in tumor growth and angiogenesis compared with control mice. In addition, real-time PCR for melanoma-specific genes revealed a significantly reduced presence of lung micrometastases in HIF-1αflox/flox/LysMcre mice treated with GM-CSF. Conversely, GM-CSF treatment induced VEGF but not sVEGFR-1 in HIF-2αflox/+/LysMcre mice, and, correspondingly, GM-CSF did not decrease tumor growth, angiogenesis, or lung metastasis in these mice. This study reveals opposing roles for the HIFs in the regulation of angiogenesis by tumor-associated macrophages and suggests that administration of GM-CSF might be an effective means of inducing sVEGFR-1 and inhibiting tumor growth and angiogenesis in patients with melanoma.
Vitamin A Deficiency Impairs Vaccine-Elicited Gastrointestinal Immunity
Authors: Kaufman David R. , De Calisto Jaime , Simmons Nathaniel L. , Cruz Ashley N. , Villablanca Eduardo J. , Mora J. Rodrigo , Barouch Dan H. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Vitamin A deficiency is highly prevalent in much of the developing world, where vaccination programs are of paramount importance to public health. However, the impact of vitamin A deficiency on the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of vaccines has not been defined previously. In this article, we show that the vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid is critical for trafficking of vaccine-elicited T lymphocytes to the gastrointestinal mucosa and for vaccine protective efficacy in mice. Moderate vitamin A deficiency abrogated Ag-specific T lymphocyte trafficking to the gastrointestinal tract, gastrointestinal cellular immune responses, and protection against a mucosal challenge following immunization with a recombinant adenovirus vaccine vector. Oral vitamin A supplementation as well as retinoic acid administration fully restored the mucosal immune responses and vaccine protective efficacy. These data suggest that oral vitamin A supplementation may be important for optimizing the success of vaccines against HIV-1 and other mucosal pathogens in the developing world, highlighting a critical relationship between host nutritional status and vaccine efficacy.
Budget Impact Analysis of Circulating Tumor DNA Testing for Colon Cancer in Commercial Health and Medicare Advantage Plans
Authors: Li Yonghong , Heer Avneet K. , Sloane Hillary S. , Edelstein Daniel L. , Tie Jeanne , Gibbs Peter , Barzi Afsaneh 
Published: May 2024

ImportanceIn a randomized clinical trial, treatment guided by tumor-informed circulating tumor (ct)DNA testing reduced adjuvant chemotherapy use without compromising recurrence-free survival in patients with stage II colon cancer. The potential budget impact of adopting ctDNA testing into routine patient care is unknown.ObjectiveTo compare the total cost of patient care scenarios with and without the adoption of ctDNA testing.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis budget impact analysis was conducted from the perspectives of US commercial health and Medicare Advantage payers. A decision-analytical model was populated with age-specific incidence of colon cancer, use of adjuvant chemotherapy, and use of single-agent or multiagent regimens. Total cost was estimated with the costs of ctDNA testing, drug acquisition, administration, surveillance, and adverse events. The analysis was conducted from September 2023 to January 2024.ExposuresThe adoption of ctDNA testing.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe incremental cost in the first year following the adoption of ctDNA testing, where testing will affect patient treatment and costs.ResultsIn hypothetical plans with 1 million individuals covered, 35 commercial health plan members and 102 Medicare Advantage members aged 75 years and younger were eligible for ctDNA testing. In the base case with a 50% adoption rate, total cost savings were $221 684 (equivalent to $0.02 per member per month [PMPM]) for a commercial payer and $116 720 (equivalent to $0.01 PMPM) for a Medicare Advantage payer. Cost savings were robust to variations in assumptions of all parameters in the commercial population but sensitive to variations in assumptions of adjuvant chemotherapy use rates in the Medicare Advantage population. The number needed to test to avoid 1 patient receiving adjuvant chemotherapy was 4 in the commercial population and 10 in the Medicare Advantage population. The budget-neutral cost for ctDNA testing was $16 202 for a commercial payer and $5793 for a Medicare Advantage payer.Conclusions and RelevanceUse of tumor-informed ctDNA testing to guide adjuvant chemotherapy in postsurgery patients with stage II colon cancer was projected to result in cost savings for both commercial and Medicare Advantage payers. Adoption of ctDNA testing is therefore advantageous from a budgetary perspective.
Hip Fracture Treatment and Outcomes Among Community-Dwelling People Living With Dementia
Authors: Adler Rachel R. , Xiang Lingwei , Shah Samir K. , Clark Clancy J. , Cooper Zara , Mitchell Susan L. , Kim Dae Hyun , Hsu John , Sepucha Karen , Chunga Richard E. , Lipsitz Stuart R. , Weissman Joel S. , Schoenfeld Andrew J. 
Published: May 2024

ImportanceThe decision for surgical vs nonsurgical treatment for hip fracture can be complicated among community-dwelling people living with dementia.ObjectiveTo compare outcomes of community-dwelling people living with dementia treated surgically and nonsurgically for hip fracture.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cross-sectional study undertook a population-based analysis of national Medicare fee-for-service data. Participants included community-dwelling Medicare beneficiaries with dementia and an inpatient claim for hip fracture from January 1, 2017, to June 30, 2018. Analyses were conducted from November 10, 2022, to October 17, 2023.ExposureSurgical vs nonsurgical treatment for hip fracture.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was mortality within 30, 90, and 180 days. Secondary outcomes consisted of selected post–acute care services.ResultsOf 56 209 patients identified with hip fracture (73.0% women; mean [SD] age, 86.4 [7.0] years), 33 142 (59.0%) were treated surgically and 23 067 (41.0%) were treated nonsurgically. Among patients treated surgically, 73.3% had a fracture of the femoral head and neck and 40.2% had moderate to severe dementia (MSD). Among patients with MSD and femoral head and neck fracture, 180-day mortality was 31.8% (surgical treatment) vs 45.7% (nonsurgical treatment). For patients with MSD treated surgically vs nonsurgically, the unadjusted odds ratio (OR) of 180-day mortality was 0.56 (95% CI, 0.49-0.62; P &amp;lt; .001) and the adjusted OR was 0.59 (95% CI, 0.53-0.66; P &amp;lt; .001). Among patients with mild dementia and femoral head and neck fracture, 180-day mortality was 26.5% (surgical treatment) vs 34.9% (nonsurgical treatment). For patients with mild dementia who were treated surgically vs nonsurgically for femoral head and neck fracture, the unadjusted OR of 180-day mortality was 0.67 (95% CI, 0.60-0.76; P &amp;lt; .001) and the adjusted OR was 0.71 (95% CI, 0.63-0.79; P &amp;lt; .001). For patients with femoral head and neck fracture, there was no difference in admission to a nursing home within 180 days when treated surgically vs nonsurgically.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of community-dwelling patients with dementia and fracture of the femoral head and neck, patients with MSD and mild dementia treated surgically experienced lower odds of death compared with patients treated nonsurgically. Although avoiding nursing home admission is important to persons living with dementia, being treated surgically for hip fracture did not necessarily confer a benefit in that regard. These data can help inform discussions around values and goals with patients and caregivers when determining the optimal treatment approach.
Laser‐Induced Porous Graphene/CuO Composite for Efficient Interfacial Solar Steam Generation
Authors: Wei Yujun , Li Weihong , Zhang Shaochong , Yu Jiadong , Tang Yong , Wu Jianing , Yu Shudong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractInterfacial solar steam generation can produce clean water in an environmentally friendly and efficient way. The evaporator employing graphene as a photothermal conversion material represents an excellent paradigm within the realm of interfacial evaporators. However, existing graphene materials exhibit a certain degree of hydrophobicity and are associated with intricate manufacturing processes. Hence, the study proposes a hydrophilic composite graphene‐based material incorporating CuO, which is fabricated through a straightforward laser‐induced graphene synthesis method directly onto a polyimide film coated with CuCl2. Due to the fast capillary performance endowed by the enhanced hydrophilicity and hierarchical structural morphology, the assembled laser‐induced‐graphene evaporator achieves an evaporation rate of 2.54 kg m−2 h−1 under 1 sun irradiation with an evaporation efficiency of 91.1%, while also demonstrating excellent desalination capabilities. The as‐prepared graphene‐based evaporator has significant potential for desalination and wastewater treatment applications, offering an effective solution to address clean water challenges in remote areas.
Biomaterial‐Based Therapeutic Delivery of Immune Cells
Authors: Dravid Ameya A. , Singh Ankur , García Andrés J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractImmune cell therapy (ICT) is a transformative approach used to treat a wide range of diseases including type 1 diabetes, sickle cell disease, disorders of the hematopoietic system, and certain forms of cancers. Despite excellent clinical successes, the scope of adoptively transferred immune cells is limited because of toxicities like cytokine release syndrome and immune effector cell‐associated neurotoxicity in patients. Furthermore, reports suggest that such treatment can impact major organ systems including cardiac, renal, pulmonary, and hepatic systems in the long term. Additionally, adoptively transferred immune cells cannot achieve significant penetration into solid tissues, thus limiting their therapeutic potential. Recent studies suggest that biomaterial‐assisted delivery of immune cells can address these challenges by reducing toxicity, improving localization, and maintaining desired phenotypes to eventually regain tissue function. In this review, recent efforts in the field of biomaterial‐based immune cell delivery for the treatment of diseases, their pros and cons, and where these approaches stand in terms of clinical treatment are highlighted.
NIR‐II Absorption/Emission Dual Function Based 2D Targeted Nanotheranostics for Tunable Hydrogenothermal Therapy
Authors: Li Jinxuan , Gao Mengting , Wang Yuhang , Wang Wenxuan , Meng Shichao , Zhang Xin , Zhang Chongqing , Liu Pengmin , Zhang Xiaodong , Zheng Ziliang , Zhang Ruiping 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPhotothermal therapy (PTT) is a promising approach for treating tumors that offers multiple advantages. Nevertheless, its practical use in clinical settings faces several limitations, such as suboptimal delivery efficiency, uneven heat distribution, and challenges in predicting optimal treatment duration. In addition, the localized hyperthermia generated by the PTT method to induce cell apoptosis can result in the production of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the release of inflammatory cytokines, which can pose a threat to the healthy tissues surrounding the tumor. To address the above challenges, this work designs an integrated H2 delivery nanoplatform for multimodal imaging H2 thermal therapy. The combination of the second near‐infrared window (NIR‐II) fluorescence imaging (FL) agent (CQ4T) and the photothermal and photoacoustic (PA) properties of Ti3C2 (TC) enables real‐time monitoring of the tumor area and guides photothermal treatment. Simultaneously, due to the acid‐responsive H2 release characteristics of the nanoplatform, H2 can be utilized for synergistic photothermal therapy to eradicate tumor cells effectively. Significantly, acting as an antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory agent, Ti3C2‐BSA‐CQ4T‐H2 (TCBCH) protects peritumoral normal cells from damage. The proposed technique utilizing H2 gas for combination therapies and multimodal imaging integration exhibits prospects for effective and secure treatment of tumors in future clinical applications.
Optically Actuated Soft Microrobot Family for Single‐Cell Manipulation
Authors: Iványi Gergely T. , Nemes Botond , Gróf Ilona , Fekete Tamás , Kubacková Jana , Tomori Zoltán , Bánó Gregor , Vizsnyiczai Gaszton , Kelemen Lóránd 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPrecisely controlled manipulation of nonadherent single cells is often a pre‐requisite for their detailed investigation. Optical trapping provides a versatile means for positioning cells with submicrometer precision or measuring forces with femto‐Newton resolution. A variant of the technique, called indirect optical trapping, enables single‐cell manipulation with no photodamage and superior spatial control and stability by relying on optically trapped microtools biochemically bound to the cell. High‐resolution 3D lithography enables to prepare such cell manipulators with any predefined shape, greatly extending the number of achievable manipulation tasks. Here, it is presented for the first time a novel family of cell manipulators that are deformable by optical tweezers and rely on their elasticity to hold cells. This provides a more straightforward approach to indirect optical trapping by avoiding biochemical functionalization for cell attachment, and consequently by enabling the manipulated cells to be released at any time. Using the photoresist Ormocomp, the deformations achievable with optical forces in the tens of pN range and present three modes of single‐cell manipulation as examples to showcase the possible applications such soft microrobotic tools can offer are characterized. The applications describe here include cell collection, 3D cell imaging, and spatially and temporally controlled cell–cell interaction.