bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scaling effect of flexoelectric (Ba,Sr)TiO3microcantilevers
Authors: Huang Wenbin , Kim Kyungrim , Zhang Shujun , Yuan Fuh‐Gwo , Jiang Xiaoning 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe flexoelectric microcantilever offers an alternative approach for the development of micro/nano‐sensors. The transverse flexoelectric coefficientsµ12of barium strontium titanate microcantilevers were measured at room temperature, and found to keep the same value of 8.5 µC/m for microcantilevers with thickness ranging from 30 µm to 1.4 mm. The calculated effective piezoelectric coefficient and electrical energy density of flexoelectric cantilevers are superior to those of their piezoelectric counterparts, suggesting that the flexoelectricity‐induced polarization can be significantly increased as structures are scaled down due to the scaling effect of strain gradient, holding promise for flexoelectric micro/nano cantilever sensing applications. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
MITSIO—an architecture for the management of interactive tasks and the semantic integration of ontologies in the mobile grid
Authors: Borges Vinicius C. M. , Rossetto A. G. M. , Silva A. P. C. , Dantas M. A. R. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe interaction between mobile and grid environments in building a transparent infrastructure for mobile users, involves several factors from both wired and wireless networks. These include the following: coordinated application executions, the management of inherent characteristics of mobile devices (disconnections and the problem of a reduced battery lifetime), and making a selection of suitable heterogeneous resources in wired network, which are distinctly in terms of their virtual organizations. For this reason, the main goal of the architecture is the provision of more complete transparency for mobile users, when they need to access the processing capacity of the grid computing environment. To achieve this, this paper outlines an architecture, called MITSIO, together with a prototype implementation that takes these factors into consideration. Furthermore, the study examines two case studies that provide evidence of the capacities of the proposed architecture. The first case study shows how the architecture enables mobile devices to consume less battery power (approximately 31%, for submitting and monitoring applications). The second case provides evidence of its capacity to select resources from different virtual organizations through the semantic integration of multiple ontologies.
Late Quaternary paleoenvironments and paleoclimatic conditions in the distal Andean piedmont, southern Mendoza, Argentina
Authors: Tripaldi Alfonsina , Zárate Marcelo A. , Brook George A. , Li Guo-Qiang 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe Andean piedmont of Mendoza is a semiarid region covered by extensive and partially vegetated dune fields consisting of mostly inactive aeolian landforms of diverse size and morphology. This paper is focused on the San Rafael plain (SRP) environment, situated in the distal Andean piedmont of Mendoza (34° 30′S), and reports the sedimentology and OSL chronology of two representative exposures of late Quaternary deposits, including their paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic significance. Eleven facies, including channel, floodplain, fluvio–aeolian interaction, and reworked pyroclastic and aeolian deposits, were described and grouped into two facies associations (FA1 and FA2). FA1 was formed by unconfined sheet flows, minor channelized streams and fluvial–aeolian interaction processes. FA2 was interpreted as aeolian dune and sand-sheet deposits. OSL chronology from the SRP sedimentary record indicates that between ca. 58–39 ka and ca. 36–24 ka (MIS 3), aggradation was governed by ephemeral fluvial processes (FA1) under generally semiarid conditions. During MIS 2, the last glacial maximum (ca. 24–12 ka), a major climatic shift to more arid conditions is documented by significant aeolian activity (FA2) that became the dominant sedimentation process north of the Diamante–Atuel fluvial system. The inferred paleoenvironmental conditions from the SRP sections are in broad agreement with regional evidence.
Development of Statewide Geriatric Patients Trauma Triage Criteria
Authors: Werman Howard A. , Erskine Timothy , Caterino Jeffrey , Riebe Jane F. , Valasek Tricia ,   Members of the Trauma Committee of the State of Ohio EMS Board
Published: August 2011

AbstractIntroduction: The geriatric population is unique in the type of traumatic injuries sustained, physiological responses to those injuries, and an overall higher mortality when compared to younger adults. No published, evidence-based, geriatric-specific field destination criteria exist as part of a statewide trauma system. The Trauma Committee of the Ohio Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Board sought to develop specific criteria for geriatric trauma victims.Methods: A literature search was conducted for all relevant literature to determine potential, geriatric-specific, field-destination criteria. Data from the Ohio Trauma Registry were used to compare elderly patients, defined as age >70 years, to all patients between the ages of 16 to 69 years with regards to mortality risk in the following areas: (1) Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score; (2) systolic blood pressure (SBP); (3) falls associated with head, chest, abdominal or spinal injury; (4) mechanism of injury; (5) involvement of more than one body system as defined in the Barell matrix; and (6) co-morbidities and motor vehicle collision with one or more long bone fracture. For GCS score and SBP, those cut-off points with equal or greater risk of mortality as compared to current values were chosen as proposed triage criteria. For other measures, any criterion demonstrating a statistically significant increase in mortality risk was included in the proposed criteria.Results: The following criteria were identified as geriatric-specific criteria: (1) GCS score <14 in the presence of known or suspected traumatic brain trauma; (2) SBP <100 mmHg; (3) fall from any height with evidence of traumatic brain injury: (4) multiple body-system injuries; (5) struck by a moving vehicle; and (6) the presence of any proximal long bone fracture following motor vehicle trauma. In addition, these data suggested that elderly patients with specific co-morbidities be given strong consideration for evaluation in a trauma center.Conclusions: The state of Ohio is the first state to develop evidence-based geriatric-specific field-destination criteria using data from its state-mandated trauma registry. Further analysis of these criteria will help determine their effects on over-triage and under-triage of geriatric victims of traumatic injuries and the impact on the overall mortality in the elderly.
Laptop Composition at the Turn of the Millennium: Repetition and Noise in the Music of Oval, Merzbow, and Kid606
Authors: LATARTARA JOHN 
Published: August 2011

AbstractLaptop composition – the creation and performance of music primarily using laptop computers – emerged as an important musical activity in the last decade of the twentieth century. While much has been written about the cultural and conceptual significance of this new music, less has been published regarding the sonic structure of specific works. This article explores the musical structure and design of compositions by three laptop composers at the turn of the millennium: ‘Untitled #2’ by Oval (Markus Popp), ‘Cow Cow’ by Merzbow (Masami Akita), and ‘Powerbookfiend’ by Kid606 (Miguel De Pedro). Each piece is analysed using spectrographic images, representations of musical sound that allow for the precise measurement of frequency and intensity. Repetition and noise are revealed as musical characteristics common to all three pieces, defining both smaller-scale patterns and large-scale designs. Using the conceptual vocabulary of Paul Virilio and Gilles Deleuze, repetition and noise are framed in relation to a ‘machine aesthetic’ and ‘difference and repetition’.
Integrating fundamental and formant frequencies in women’s preferences for men’s voices
Authors: Feinberg D. R. , Jones B. C. , DeBruine L. M. , O’Connor J. J. M. , Tigue C. C. , Borak D. J. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Prior work has emphasized independent effects of voice pitch and apparent vocal tract length on women’s preferences for men’s voices. An interaction between the effects of pitch and apparent vocal tract length on male vocal attractiveness might be expected, however, given interactions between the effects of voice pitch and apparent vocal tract length on perceptions of body size, age, and sex. Here, we present empirical evidence for such an interaction. Women preferred low pitch in men’s voices more when associated with large vocal tracts than when associated with small vocal tracts and preferred large vocal tracts in men’s voices more when associated with low pitch than when associated with high pitch. Collectively, these findings demonstrate integration of different vocal cues in women’s mate preferences, potentially allowing women to better assess the quality of potential mates.
The Tomato Terpene Synthase Gene Family
Authors: Falara Vasiliki , Akhtar Tariq A. , Nguyen Thuong T.H. , Spyropoulou Eleni A. , Bleeker Petra M. , Schauvinhold Ines , Matsuba Yuki , Bonini Megan E. , Schilmiller Anthony L. , Last Robert L. , Schuurink Robert C. , Pichersky Eran 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Compounds of the terpenoid class play numerous roles in the interactions of plants with their environment, such as attracting pollinators and defending the plant against pests. We show here that the genome of cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) contains 44 terpene synthase (TPS) genes, including 29 that are functional or potentially functional. Of these 29 TPS genes, 26 were expressed in at least some organs or tissues of the plant. The enzymatic functions of eight of the TPS proteins were previously reported, and here we report the specific in vitro catalytic activity of 10 additional tomato terpene synthases. Many of the tomato TPS genes are found in clusters, notably on chromosomes 1, 2, 6, 8, and 10. All TPS family clades previously identified in angiosperms are also present in tomato. The largest clade of functional TPS genes found in tomato, with 12 members, is the TPS-a clade, and it appears to encode only sesquiterpene synthases, one of which is localized to the mitochondria, while the rest are likely cytosolic. A few additional sesquiterpene synthases are encoded by TPS-b clade genes. Some of the tomato sesquiterpene synthases use z,z-farnesyl diphosphate in vitro as well, or more efficiently than, the e,e-farnesyl diphosphate substrate. Genes encoding monoterpene synthases are also prevalent, and they fall into three clades: TPS-b, TPS-g, and TPS-e/f. With the exception of two enzymes involved in the synthesis of ent-kaurene, the precursor of gibberellins, no other tomato TPS genes could be demonstrated to encode diterpene synthases so far.
The effectiveness of interventions for reducing stigma related to substance use disorders: a systematic review
Authors: Livingston James D. , Milne Teresa , Fang Mei Lan , Amari Erica 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTAims  This study provides a systematic review of existing research that has empirically evaluated interventions designed to reduce stigma related to substance use disorders.Methods  A comprehensive review of electronic databases was conducted to identify evaluations of substance use disorder related stigma interventions. Studies that met inclusion criteria were synthesized and assessed using systematic review methods.Results  Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The methodological quality of the studies was moderately strong. Interventions of three studies (23%) focused on people with substance use disorders (self‐stigma), three studies (23%) targeted the general public (social stigma) and seven studies (54%) focused on medical students and other professional groups (structural stigma). Nine interventions (69%) used approaches that included education and/or direct contact with people who have substance use disorders. All but one study indicated their interventions produced positive effects on at least one stigma outcome measure. None of the interventions have been evaluated across different settings or populations.Conclusions  A range of interventions demonstrate promise for achieving meaningful improvements in stigma related to substance use disorders. The limited evidence indicates that self‐stigma can be reduced through therapeutic interventions such as group‐based acceptance and commitment therapy. Effective strategies for addressing social stigma include motivational interviewing and communicating positive stories of people with substance use disorders. For changing stigma at a structural level, contact‐based training and education programs targeting medical students and professionals (e.g. police, counsellors) are effective.
Defining the correct role of minimal residual disease tests in the management of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Cazzaniga Giovanni , Valsecchi Maria Grazia , Gaipa Giuseppe , Conter Valentino , Biondi Andrea 
Published: August 2011

SummaryMinimal residual disease (MRD) has acquired a prominent role in the management of childhood and adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL) for its high prognostic value. Several studies have demonstrated the strong association between MRD and risk of relapse in childhood and adult ALL, irrespective of the methodology used. MRD is now used in clinical trials for risk assignment and to guide clinical management. Negativity at early time points may be considered to decrease treatment burden in patients who are likely to be cured with reduced intensity regimens. On the other hand, high MRD levels at late time points (end of consolidation) define ALL subgroups which deserve investigation of more effective treatments. The predictivity of MRD as a measurement of drug response in vivo opened new perspectives for its use in clinical decision, to deliver risk‐based treatments, and possibly as a surrogate for efficacy in the evaluation of novel therapeutic approaches.
Patient-centred screening for primary immunodeficiency, a multi-stage diagnostic protocol designed for non-immunologists: 2011 update
Authors:   European Society for Immunodeficiencies (ESID) members, de Vries E 
Published: August 2011

Summary
Members of the European Society for Immunodeficiencies (ESID) and other colleagues have updated the multi-stage expert-opinion-based diagnostic protocol for non-immunologists incorporating newly defined primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs). The protocol presented here aims to increase the awareness of PIDs among doctors working in different fields. Prompt identification of PID is important for prognosis, but this may not be an easy task. The protocol therefore starts from the clinical presentation of the patient. Because PIDs may present at all ages, this protocol is aimed at both adult and paediatric physicians. The multi-stage design allows cost-effective screening for PID of the large number of potential cases in the early phases, with more expensive tests reserved for definitive classification in collaboration with a specialist in the field of immunodeficiency at a later stage.
Evaluating sampling completeness in a desert plant–pollinator network
Authors: Chacoff Natacha P. , Vázquez Diego P. , Lomáscolo Silvia B. , Stevani Erica L. , Dorado Jimena , Padrón Benigno 
Published: August 2011

Summary1. The study of plant–pollinator interactions in a network context is receiving increasing attention. This approach has helped to identify several emerging network patterns such as nestedness and modularity. However, most studies are based only on qualitative information, and some ecosystems, such as deserts and tropical forests, are underrepresented in these data sets.2. We present an exhaustive analysis of the structure of a 4‐year plant–pollinator network from the Monte desert in Argentina using qualitative and quantitative tools. We describe the structure of this network and evaluate sampling completeness using asymptotic species richness estimators. Our goal is to assess the extent to which the realized sampling effort allows for an accurate description of species interactions and to estimate the minimum number of additional censuses required to detect 90% of the interactions. We evaluated completeness of detection of the community‐wide pollinator fauna, of the pollinator fauna associated with each plant species and of the plant–pollinator interactions. We also evaluated whether sampling completeness was influenced by plant characteristics, such as flower abundance, flower life span, number of interspecific links (degree) and selectiveness in the identity of their flower visitors, as well as sampling effort.3. We found that this desert plant–pollinator network has a nested structure and that it exhibits modularity and high network‐level generalization.4. In spite of our high sampling effort, and although we sampled 80% of the pollinator fauna, we recorded only 55% of the interactions. Furthermore, although a 64% increase in sampling effort would suffice to detect 90% of the pollinator species, a fivefold increase in sampling effort would be necessary to detect 90% of the interactions.5. Detection of interactions was incomplete for most plant species, particularly specialists with a long flowering season and high flower abundance, or generalists with short flowering span and scant flowers. Our results suggest that sampling of a network with the same effort for all plant species is inadequate to sample interactions.6. Sampling the diversity of interactions is labour intensive, and most plant–pollinator networks published to date are likely to be undersampled. Our analysis allowed estimating the completeness of our sampling, the additional effort needed to detect most interactions and the plant traits that influence the detection of their interactions.
Predictors of preoperative anxiety in surgical inpatients
Authors: Yilmaz Meryem , Sezer Hafize , Gürler Hesna , Bekar Mine 
Published: August 2011

Aims and objectives.  The aims of the present study were to identify the levels of preoperative anxiety in patients undergoing elective surgery and the relationship between preoperative anxiety and social support. In addition, predictors of preoperative anxiety were studied in surgical inpatients.Background.  Major life changes are significant factors that cause anxiety; hospitalisation and surgery are among such changes. Social support may decrease the anxiety associated with surgery.Design.  This is a descriptive study that included 500 patients in a surgery clinic.Methods.  The data collected included: A Patient Information Form, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support and the Surgical Anxiety Scale. The results were analysed using the Chi‐square test and logistic regression analysis.Results.  Five hundred patients participated in this research: 59·6% were female, 54·6% were 65 years of age or older, 80·6% were married, 70·4% were literate and 62% of the patients had moderate level surgery. There was a significant relationship between the sociodemographic patient features, the level of preoperative anxiety (p < 0·05), the presence of social support and the severity of anxiety (p = 0·001). The age and level of anxiety were not significant factors. The mean anxiety score for all patients was 31·91 (SD 6·30) and the mean social support score was 66·38 (SD 13·69).Conclusion.  The results of this study showed that the preoperative anxiety of patients awaiting surgery was associated with demographic characteristics as well as social support resources.Relevance to clinical practice.  Anxiety testing is feasible during the preoperative period. Such testing allows for the detection of patients with high anxiety, and for clinicians to take the appropriate steps to ameliorate this problem. Identification of patient anxiety allows for providing a focus on social support in an attempt to reduce the level of anxiety.
Identification of a Novel CD8+ T Cell Epitope Derived from Cancer‐Testis Antigen MAGE‐4 in Oesophageal Carcinoma
Authors: Wu Z. Y. , Gao Y. F. , Wu Y. H. , Liu W. , Sun M. , Zhai M. X. , Qi Y. M. , Ye Y. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractMAGE‐4 is considered as an attractive cancer‐testis (CT) antigen for tumour immunotherapy, and it is overexpressed in oesophageal carcinoma (EC). To identify MAGE‐4‐derived HLA‐A2 restricted epitopes, native peptides and their analogues were predicted with prediction programs. The native peptide, p286 (KVLEHVVRV), and its analogues, p286‐1Y2L and p286‐1Y2L9L, showed potent binding affinity and stability towards HLA‐A*0201 molecule. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) induced by p286‐1Y2L9L could release IFN‐γ in ELISPOT assay. In cytotoxicity assay, p286‐1Y2L9L showed the capability to induce specific CTLs which could lyse the target cancer cells from both PBMCs of healthy donors and HLA‐A2.1/Kb transgenic mice. Our results indicated that the peptide p286‐1Y2L9L could serve as a novel candidate epitope to develop peptide vaccines against oesophageal carcinoma.
Genetic variations in the dopaminergic system and alcohol use: a system‐level analysis
Authors: Chen Chunhui , Chen Chuansheng , Moyzis Robert , He Qinghua , Li He , Li Jin , Zhu Bi , Lessard Jared , Stern Hal , Dong Qi 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTAlcohol use is highly heritable and has been associated with many gene variants, including those related to dopamine (DA). However, single gene association studies have shown inconsistent and small effects. Using a system‐level approach, the current study aimed to estimate the overall effect of genetic variations in the DA system on alcohol use among male drinkers. One hundred seventy‐six male college students who reported to have ever drunk alcohol were enrolled. Alcohol use was measured using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. Ninety‐eight representative polymorphisms in all major DA neurotransmitter genes were genotyped. Using analysis of variance, we identified six single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP)s that made statistically significant contributions to alcohol use. Next, main effects and interactions of these SNPs were assessed using multiple regression. The final model accounted for approximately 20% of the variance for alcohol use. Finally, permutation analyses ascertained the probability of obtaining these findings by chance to be low, p ranging from 0.024 to 0.048. These results confirmed that DA‐related gene variants made strong contributions to reported alcohol use and suggest that multiple regression can be a promising way to explore the genetic basis for multi‐gene‐determined human behaviors.