bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occupational Therapy Assessment of Open-Road Driving Performance: Validity of Directed and Self-Directed Navigational Instructional Components
Authors: Mallon Kerry , Wood Joanne M. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to validate an assessment tool used by occupational therapists to evaluate on-road driving performance.
METHODS. The driving assessment was conducted over a 15-km route that consisted of a range of traffic situations and contained both directed and self-directed navigational instruction. The driving performance of four groups of drivers of different ages and visual characteristics was assessed independently by an occupational therapist and driving instructor using a range of scoring criteria.
RESULTS. The occupational therapist scores were significantly affected by the drivers’ age and visual characteristics (directed navigation, F(3,133) = 6.05, p = 0.001; self-directed navigation, F(3,133) = 5.04, p &lt; 0.002), and these group differences were greater for self-directed navigational instruction. The occupational therapist scores were highly correlated with the driving instructor’s global driver safety rating (r = 0.76, p &lt; 0.001).
DISCUSSION. The driving assessment instrument was a valid measure of on-road driving performance relative to an independent global driving safety evaluation. The instrument provided detailed information regarding driving performance and highlighted areas of difficulty, particularly when drivers followed self-navigational instruction.
Using Deweyan Philosophy To Rename and Reframe Adaptation-to-Environment
Authors: Cutchin Malcolm P. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
John Dewey’s philosophy has been suggested as having been formative in the philosophy of occupational therapy, but the occupational therapy literature offers few analyses of Dewey’s work and its implications for the discipline. I offer an abbreviated analysis of Deweyan philosophy and then assess how adequately that philosophical corpus has been interpreted in the occupational therapy literature. My conclusion is that significant inconsistencies exist between a Deweyan perspective and selected concepts in occupational therapy. I take particular issue with the concept of adaptation-to-environment and specifically with aspects of that conceptualization that I term “environment as container,” “subjective–internalized focus,” and “mechanization of processes.” I offer an alternative concept, “place integration,” that is more consistent with Dewey’s philosophy. The advantages of the conceptual renaming and reframing are discussed.
Effects of Problem-Based Learning on Clinical Reasoning in Occupational Therapy
Authors: Scaffa Marjorie E. , Wooster Donna M. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. Problem-based learning (PBL) has been described as an educational method that enhances clinical reasoning skills. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of an intensive, problem-based course on the development of clinical reasoning skills of undergraduate occupational therapy students.
METHOD. A quasi-experimental pretest–posttest design was used with a convenience sample of 48 undergraduate seniors. All students participated in an intensive 5-week, 30-hour, PBL course scheduled just prior to Level II fieldwork. The Self-Assessment of Clinical Reflection and Reasoning (SACRR) developed by Royeen, Mu, Barrett, and Luebben (2001) was administered on the first and last days of the course.
RESULTS. The Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test revealed statistically significant differences in pre- and posttest scores for 11 of 26 items on the SACRR. In addition, the overall total score increased from 96.88 to 102.55 (p &lt; .01).
CONCLUSION. The results suggest that a short, but intensive PBL course in the senior year of an occupational therapy curriculum can significantly facilitate the development of students’ clinical reasoning skills.
Nonafluorobutanesulfonyl Azide: A Shelf‐Stable Diazo Transfer Reagent for the Synthesis of Azides from Primary Amines
Authors: Suárez José Ramón , Trastoy Beatriz , Pérez‐Ojeda M. Eugenia , Marín‐Barrios Rubén , Chiara Jose Luis 
Published: September 2010

AbstractNonafluorobutanesulfonyl azide is an efficient, shelf‐stable and cost‐effective diazo transfer reagent for the synthesis of azides from primary amines. The reagent can also be successfully applied to the one‐pot regioselective synthesis of 1,2,3‐triazoles from primary amines by a sequential diazo transfer and azide–alkyne 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition process catalyzed by copper. The cycloaddition step can be conducted in an inter‐ or intramolecular way to afford 1,4‐ or 1,5‐disubstituted triazoles, respectively. The atypical 1,5‐regioselectivity under copper catalysis is a consequence of geometrical constraints of the amino‐alkyne substrates used in the intramolecular version. Nonafluorobutanesulfonyl azide offers an advantageous alternative to the better known and most commonly used trifluoromethanesulfonyl azide.
A genomewide linkage study on suicidality in major depressive disorder confirms evidence for linkage to 2p12
Authors: Butler Amy W. , Breen Gerome , Tozzi Federica , Craddock Nick , Gill Mike , Korszun Ania , Maier Wolfgang , Middleton Lefkos T. , Mors Ole , Owen Michael J. , Perry Julia , Preisig Martin , Rice John P. , Rietschel Marcella , Jones Lisa , Farmer Anne E. , Lewis Cathryn M. , McGuffin Peter 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSuicidal behavior is commonly associated with depression. Twin studies indicate that both suicidality and major depressive disorder (MDD) are heritable. However, epidemiological evidence suggests that the inheritance of suicidality is likely to be independent of the underlying psychiatric disorder, implying a distinct genetic contribution to suicidality. We conducted a genomewide linkage search aiming to detect genomic loci that may harbor susceptibility genes contributing to risk for suicidality in recurrent MDD. Affected sibling pair (ASP) variance components analysis was performed using the Depression Network cohort of 971 ASPs. The quantitative trait measuring suicidality as a broad phenotype, encompassing ideation and suicide attempts, was established from Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry interview items. We examined 1,060 genotyped microsatellite markers with an average spacing of 3.3 cM. Empirical thresholds for linkage evidence were set by whole‐genome simulations (LOD = 2.71 for genomewide significance, 1.71 for suggestive linkage). No genomewide significant findings were found. Marker D3S1234 on 3p14 achieved suggestive linkage and yielded a maximum LOD of 1.853 (P = 0.0017), loci 9p24.3 and 18q22‐q23 achieved LOD scores >1.5. We found some support for linkage to 2p12 (LOD = 1.2, P = 0.0087) which was previously implicated in linkage studies of suicidality. Our follow‐up meta‐analysis of five studies showed strong linkage to this region (P = 2 × 10−6). In conclusion, this study analyzed suicidality as a continuous trait in MDD. We found modest evidence for linkage on 3p14. Our meta‐analysis supports previous evidence of linkage to suicidality on 2p12. Some candidate genes in these regions may plausibly be implicated in suicidality. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Production and properties of solvent‐cast poly(ε‐caprolactone) composites with carbon nanostructures
Authors: Dottori M. , Armentano I. , Fortunati E. , Kenny J. M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractComposites based on carbon nanostructures (CNS) and poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) were produced by solvent casting technique. Single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) were selected, to produce composite films with enhanced properties. The role of CNS type and percentage were investigated in terms of morphological, thermal, mechanical, and dielectrical properties. Composite morphological analysis reveals a good dispersion of CNS, at low and high content. Thermal properties underline the nucleation effect of CNS on PCL polymer matrix. Reinforcing effects in terms of increased tensile modulus were obtained with both nanofillers, but a higher reduction of the ductility was shown in PCL/CNF materials. A higher efficiency to form a conductive network, assessed by AC conductivity, was observed for SWCNTs at concentration lower than 1 wt. % © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Morphology and mechanical properties of binary blends of polypropylene with statistical and block ethylene‐octene copolymers
Authors: Liu Guoming , Zhang Xiuqin , Liu Chenyang , Chen Hongyu , Walton Kim , Wang Dujin 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn the present work, statistical (EOCs) and block (OBCs) ethylene‐octene copolymers, with similar densities and crystallinities, were used as impact modifiers of isotactic polypropylene (iPP), and the toughening effects of these two types of elastomers were compared. The viscosity curves of EOCs were similar to those of OBCs with equivalent melt flow rate (MFR), enabling a comparison of the viscosity ratio and elastomer type as independent variables. No distinct differences on the crystal forms and crystal perfection of iPP matrix in various blends were observed by thermal analysis. Morphological examination showed that OBCs form smaller dispersed domains than EOCs with similar MFRs. The flexural modulus, yield stress, stress and strain at break showed the same variation tendency for all the investigated polypropylene/elastomer blends. However, the room temperature Izod impact toughness of iPP/OBC blend was higher than that of iPP/EOC blend containing elastomer with the similar MFRs. The experimental results indicated that the compatibility of iPP/OBCs was much higher than that of iPP/EOCs. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Influence of microwave heating on the polymerization kinetics and application properties of the PMMA dental materials
Authors: Spasojević Pavle , Adnađević Borivoj , Veličković Sava , Jovanović Jelena 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe effects of heating mode (conventional isothermal heating (CIH) and microwave isothermal heating (MWIH) on the kinetics of polymerization and the properties important for the application (residual monomer, hardness, and water absorption) of three commercial poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) base dental materials were investigated. The degree of monomer conversion was determined by infrared spectrometry. The hardness of the polymerized samples was measured by shore D method, whereas the water absorption was measured gravimetrically. Kinetics models for polymerizations using different heating modes were determined by model fitting method. The rate of the MWIH polymerization was eight times higher compared with the CIH polymerization. The CIH polymerization is found to be the phase–boundary controlled reaction for which the rate of contracting volume is the rate limiting step, whereas MWIH polymerization is found to be the first‐order reaction and the monomer concentration in the polymerization mixture is the rate limiting step. The samples of PMMA base dental materials synthesized by MWIH polymerization exhibit better application properties (hardness and water absorption). © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Surface‐initiated nitroxide‐mediated radical polymerization of 4‐vinylpyridine on magnetite nanoparticles
Authors: Chen Zhijun , Yang Qingxiang , Peng Kai , Guo Yabing 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPoly (4‐vinylpyridine) (P4VP) brushes had been prepared by the surface‐initiated nitroxide‐mediated radical polymerization of 4‐VP on the surface of 3‐methacryloxyproyltrimethoxysilane (3‐MPS)‐modified magnetite nanoparticles with an average diameter of 30 nm. The grafting polymerization was accomplished by nitroxide‐mediated polymerization of 4‐VP, using 4‐hydroxyl‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐1‐piperidinyl‐oxy (HTEMPO·) free radical as capping agent and benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as initiator. X‐ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) measurement demonstrated that the alkoxysilane initiator layer had formed on the magnetite surface. Gel permeation chromatograph analysis and XPS measurement suggested that the amount of grafted P4VP increases with increasing grafting time. The amount of P4VP grafted on the surface could be determined to be 0.09 chains/nm2 by thermogravimetric analysis. The P4VP‐grafted magnetite particles exhibited the characteristics of multidomain system, distinct from the single domain attributes of the pure magnetite particles. Atomic force‐microscopy analysis revealed the diameter of the grafted P4VP magnetic latex particles is in the range of 120 nm to 150 nm. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Encapsulation of hydrophilic dyes with polystyrene using double miniemulsion technique
Authors: Zhao Xiao , Zhou Shuxue , Chen Min , Wu Limin , Gu Guangxin 
Published: September 2010

AbstractHydrophilic dyes, reactive brilliant red K‐2BP (C.I. Reactive red 24), acid fuchsin (C.I. Acid violet 19), and cationic brilliant red 5GN (C.I. Basic red 14), have been encapsulated into hydrophobic polystyrene (PS) latex particles using double miniemulsion technique. In this method, the water droplets containing dyes were first suspended in octane/styrene phase using lipophilic emulsifiers to form a primary miniemulsion. This miniemulsion was further dispersed in water and miniemulsified, followed by polymerization at high temperature to form dye/PS core‐shell colorants. Experimental results show that this technique can cause as high as 80% of encapsulation efficiency for all three dyes, and obviously improve the water‐proofing property and photostability of organic dyes. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
An investigation into transition metal ion binding properties of silk fibers and particles using radioisotopes
Authors: Rajkhowa Rangam , Naik Radhika , Wang Lijing , Smith Suzanne V. , Wang Xungai 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSilk is a structural protein fiber that is stable over a wide pH range making it attractive for use in medical and environmental applications. Variation in amino acid composition has the potential for selective binding for ions under varying conditions. Here we report on the metal ion separation potential of Mulberry and Eri silk fibers and powders over a range of pH. Highly sensitive radiotracer probes, 64Cu2+, 109Cd2+, and 57Co2+ were used to study the absorption of their respective stable metal ions Cu2+, Cd2+, and Co2+ into and from the silk sorbents. The total amount of each metal ion absorbed and time taken to reach equilibrium occurred in the following order: Cu2+ > Cd2+ > Co2+. In all cases the silk powders absorbed metal ions faster than their respective silk fibers. Intensive degumming of the fibers and powders significantly reduced the time to absorb respective metal ions and the time to reach equilibrium was reduced from hours to 5–15 min at pH 8. Once bound, 45–100% of the metal ions were released from the sorbents after exposure to pH 3 buffer for 30 min. The transition metal ion loading capacity for the silk sorbents was considerably higher than that found for commercial ion exchange resins (AG MP‐50 and AG 50W‐X2) under similar conditions. Interestingly, total Cu2+ bound was found to be higher than theoretically predicted values based on known specific Cu2+ binding sites (AHGGYSGY), suggesting that additional (new) sites for transition metal ion binding sites are present in silk fibers. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Early development of a biodegradable energetic elastomer
Authors: Cossu Claudia , Heuzey Marie‐Claude , Lussier Louis‐Simon , Dubois Charles 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe expected depletion of oil resources and a greater awareness for the environmental impact of plastic products have created a strong interest toward energetic polymers that are not only biodegradable but also obtainable from renewable resources. In this work, a copoly(ester/ether) was synthesized from polyepichlorohydrin and sebacoyl chloride using pyridine as a Lewis‐base catalyst. The chlorinated polymer was azidified with NaN3 in dimethyl sulfoxide solutions. The success of the reaction was confirmed by 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. Two types of polyurethane networks were synthesized from the nonenergetic and the energetic copolymers, adding polycaprolactone triol and using L‐lysine diisocyanate as a nontoxic curing agent. The two resulting polyurethanes were soft thermoset elastomers. The polyurethanes were chemically and mechanically characterized, and their biodegradability was evaluated in compost at 55°C. The nonenergetic and the energetic polyurethanes showed a glass‐transition temperature of −14°C, and −23°C, respectively. The weight loss of the polyurethanes during the composting experiments was monitored. It increased almost linearly with time for both materials. After 20 days, the nonenergetic samples lost about 50% of their mass because of the biodegradation mechanism. Instead, the energetic elastomers lost only about 25% of their initial mass after 25 days. The experimental results revealed that the azide pendant group in the soft segment (the polyether segments) is the main factor that controls the physical, mechanical, and degradation properties of these polyurethane networks. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Differential scanning calorimetric examination of melamine–formaldehyde microcapsules containing decane
Authors: Alič Branko , Šebenik Urška , Krajnc Matjaž 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe main objective of this study was to investigate the composition of microcapsules and the degree of curing of melamine–formaldehyde (MF) resin, which formed a shell of microcapsules, by the use of differential dynamic calorimetry (DSC). For this purpose, decane was chosen as core material. The microencapsulation of decane with MF resin was carried out at different temperatures and pH values. The temperature and pH value were kept constant during the process. The composition of the microcapsules and the degree of curing of the shell material were studied during and after the microencapsulation process. DSC analysis, in combination with scanning electron microscopy analysis, was revealed as an effective tool for the investigation of the microencapsulation process with MF resin. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Entwurf und Konstruktion der Egg‐Graben Brücke
Authors: Berger Johannes , Bruschetini‐Ambro Sebastian Zoran , David Werner , Mayrhuber Thomas 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAufgrund der hohen Erhaltungskosten von Brücken gibt es mittlerweile unterschiedliche Ansätze, um die Dauerhaftigkeit zu erhöhen. Vorgespannte Brücken ohne Betonstahl stellen hierfür einen neuen Ansatz dar. Zur Erforschung des Tragverhaltens solcher Strukturen wurde ein Forschungsprojekt gestartet und Großversuche durchgeführt. Die Landesbaudirektion Salzburg war von dieser innovativen Idee überzeugt und hat deshalb die Technologie beim Bau der Egg‐Graben Brücke ausgeschrieben. Die Egg‐Graben Brücke ist eine im Grundriss gekrümmte Bogenbrücke mit einer Länge von 50 m. Nach einer Bauzeit von 18 Monaten erfolgte im November 2009 die Freigabe für den Verkehr. Der vorliegende Aufsatz beschreibt die Technologie, den Entwurf sowie die beim Bau der Brücke gesammelte Erfahrung.Design and Construction of the Egg‐Graben BridgeDue to the high maintenance costs of bridges, there are now various approaches to enhance the durability. Post tensioned bridges without steel reinforcement represent one of these approaches. To investigate the structural behaviour of such constructions, a research project was started and large‐scale tests were carried out. The government of the province of Salzburg could be convinced of this innovative technology and tendered out the method for the construction of the Egg‐Graben Bridge. For the arch bridge, which is curved in plan, the superstructure is prestressed without using further steel reinforcement. After a construction period of 18 months the bridge was opened to traffic in November 2009. The paper describes the technology, the design and the experience gained from the construction of the bridge.
Stahlbetonbauteile unter einer kombinierten Beanspruchung aus Last und zentrischem Zwang
Authors: Maurer Reinhard , Djouahra Gudrun 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIm Allgemeinen führt eine linear elastische Berechnung von Biegebauteilen zu brauchbaren und hinreichend genauen Ergebnissen bei der Bestimmung der Schnittgrößen als Grundlage für die Bemessung der Querschnitte. Grundsätzlich anders verhält es sich dagegen mit den Schnittgrößen infolge von Zwang und den Durchbiegungen, die beide von den absoluten Steifigkeiten abhängig sind. Daher sind in diesen Fällen für eine realitätsnahe Berechnung nichtlineare Verfahren anzuwenden. Dabei sind die Einflüsse aus einer Rissbildung (Steifigkeitsabfall) sowie aus dem Kriechen und Schwinden des Betons zu berücksichtigen.Auf eine besondere Problemstellung führt dabei die kombinierte Beanspruchung infolge von Last und Zwang. DIN 1045‐1 enthält Näherungen als Regelungen, sowohl für die Begrenzung der Durchbiegungen, als auch der Rissbreiten unter einer kombinierten Beanspruchung. Es stellt sich u. a. die Frage nach deren Gültigkeitsgrenzen.Reinforced Concrete Elements subjected to a Combined Effect of Action due to Load and Centric RestraintIn general a linear elastic analysis for bending members is useful and suitable for the determination of internal forces and moments as basis for design. This is fundamentally different in case of internal forces due to restraint and deflections, which requires a realistic non‐linear calculation. The influences of cracking, creeping and shrinkage definitely have to be considered. A special problem results from the combined subjection to load and restraint. Concerning this matter, the standard DIN 1045‐1 comprehends approximate rules for the deflections as well as for the crack control under the combined effects. The point is their limit of validity.
Industrialisiertes Planen im Stahlbeton‐ und Spannbetonfertigteilbau
Authors: Molz Markus , Wehrle Günter 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn dem vorliegenden Bericht wird die Einführung der 3D Planung zusammen mit der Erzeugung von komplexen automatischen Elementplänen für den Stahlbeton‐ und Spannbetonfertigteilbau erläutert. Die angewendete Methode basiert auf der Erstellung eines einfachen 3D Volumenmodells, welches durch die Hinzufügung von Attributen zu einem 3D Modell aus intelligenten “Elementen” wird. Aus diesen “iParts” werden danach, basierend auf der Elementplantechnologie, “prüffähige” Elementpläne bei verringerter Planungszeit und hoher Planqualität erzeugt.Nebeneffekte wie 3D PDF zur Kommunikation mit den Auftraggebern und den weiteren Fachplanern sowie die Erzeugung von Maschinendaten werden dadurch ermöglicht und führen zu einer höheren Akzeptanz bei den Projektbeteiligten. Die Bereitstellung von 3D Planungsdaten via Internet an den Auftraggeber ist derzeit noch ungewöhnlich, dürfte sich jedoch in der Zukunft durchsetzen.
Atropisomerism of Aromatic Carbamates
Authors: Tietze Lutz F. , Schuster Heiko J. , von Hof J. Marian , Hampel Sonja M. , Colunga Juan F. , John Michael 
Published: September 2010

Abstractortho‐Haloarylcarbamates like 1–4 show a high rotational barrier about the Naryl bond of up to 91.6 kJ mol−1 as found for 1, which was determined by 2D exchange NMR spectroscopy (EXSY). It was further demonstrated that the height of the barrier not only depends on the substituents at the axis of chirality, but is also influenced by electronic effects.