bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Representing egress data
Authors: Gwynne S. M. V. 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYData are essential to the understanding of human behaviour in fire. Human egress data‐sets are scarce, and those currently available are relatively narrow in scope, from varied sources, inconsistently described and frequently several decades old. This paper describes a framework for the storage and presentation of human egress data. This work has been conducted as part of a project funded by the National Institute of Standards and Technology and, as a result, a central repository of data will be created that provides tools to facilitate the storage, representation and access to the data needed for researchers and engineers alike. When fully implemented, this framework (in the form of a Data Portal) will better inform the use of the data available and make accessing this data more convenient. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unsteady boundary layer flow of a Casson fluid due to an impulsively started moving flat plate
Authors: Mustafa M. , Hayat T. , Pop I. , Aziz A. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis paper discusses the unsteady flow and heat transfer of a Casson fluid over a moving flat plate with a parallel free stream. The analytic solutions of the system of nonlinear partial differential equations valid for all times in the whole spatial domain are constructed in the series form by a homotopic approach. The influences of the governing parameters on the velocity, temperature, skin friction coefficient, and local Nusselt number are thoroughly investigated. It is revealed that an increase in the dimensionless time decreases the velocity and enhances the temperature. The surface shear stress and surface heat transfer are enhanced by increasing the Casson fluid parameter (β) and Eckert number (Ec), respectively. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.20358
Heat transfer from a vertical fin array by laminar natural convection and radiation—A quasi‐3D approach
Authors: Govinda Rao B. , Dharma Rao V. , Naidu S.V. , Sharma K.V. , Sreenivasulu B. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA quasi‐3D numerical model is developed to study the problem of laminar natural convection and radiation heat transfer from a vertical fin array. An enclosure is formed by two adjacent vertical fins and vertical base in the fin array. Results obtained from this enclosure are used to predict heat transfer rate from a vertical fin array. All the governing equations related to fluid in the enclosure, together with the heat conduction equation in both fins are solved by using the Alternating Direction Implicit (ADI) method for getting the temperatures along the height of the fin and the temperature of the fluid in the enclosure. Separate analysis is carried out to calculate the heat transfer rates from the end fins in the fin array. A numerical study has been carried out for the effect of fin height, fin spacing, fin array base temperature, and fin emissivity on total heat transfer rates and effectiveness of the fin array. The numerical results obtained for an eight‐fin array show good agreement with the available experimental data. Results show that the fin spacing is the most significant parameter and there exists an optimum value for the fin spacing for which the heat transfer rate from the fin array is maximum. Correlations are presented for predicting the total heat transfer rate, average Nusselt number, and effectiveness of the fin array. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.20360
Species sensitivity distribution evaluation for selenium in fish eggs: Considerations for development of a Canadian tissue-based guideline
Authors: DeForest David K , Gilron Guy , Armstrong Sarah A , Robertson Erin L 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
A freshwater Se guideline was developed for consideration based on concentrations in fish eggs or ovaries, with a focus on Canadian species, following the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment protocol for developing guideline values. When sufficient toxicity data are available, the protocol recommends deriving guidelines as the 5th percentile of the species sensitivity distribution (SSD). When toxicity data are limited, the protocol recommends a lowest value approach, where the lowest toxicity threshold is divided by a safety factor (e.g., 10). On the basis of a comprehensive review of the current literature and an assessment of the data therein, there are sufficient egg and ovary Se data available for freshwater fish to develop an SSD. For most fish species, Se EC10 values (10% effect concentrations) could be derived, but for some species, only no-observed-effect concentrations and/or lowest-observed-effect concentrations could be identified. The 5th percentile egg and ovary Se concentrations from the SSD were consistently 20 µg/g dry weight (dw) for the best-fitting distributions. In contrast, the lowest value approach using a safety factor of 10 would result in a Se egg and ovary guideline of 2 µg/g dw, which is unrealistically conservative, as this falls within the range of egg and ovary Se concentrations in laboratory control fish and fish collected from reference sites. An egg and ovary Se guideline of 20 µg/g dw should be considered a conservative, broadly applicable guideline, as no species mean toxicity thresholds lower than this value have been identified to date. When concentrations exceed this guideline, site-specific studies with local fish species, conducted using a risk-based approach, may result in higher egg and ovary Se toxicity thresholds. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2012;8:6–12. © 2011 SETAC
CONSTRUCTION AND EVALUATION OF THE BIVAL AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEM FOR IRRIGATION CANALS IN A LABORATORY FLUME
Authors: Shahverdi Kazem , Monem Mohammad Javad 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTAutomation of structures is one of the main options for improving operations to increase the flexibility of irrigation canals. For local development of automatic system technology and its application, the facilities have to be constructed, and after testing in the laboratory, the system can be introduced for practical application in irrigation canals. One of the important automatic downstream control systems is the Bival control system. In this research, the Bival downstream control system is constructed and tested. Experiments of the automatic control system were performed in a rectangular laboratory flume with dimensions of 0.3 × 0.45 × 10 m. The hardware of the system includes depth and gate opening sensors, motors, slide gates, electronic boards and a computer. The system's software is the Bival automatic control system, which was developed and connected with equipment using LABVIEW software. To study the performance of the developed system, different scenarios of gradual and sudden downstream flow variations were tested. Maximum absolute error (MAE), integral of absolute magnitude of error (IAE), system response time (SRT) and percentage of volume variation (PVV) indicators, in addition to depth variations in time, were used to assess system performance. For a case of sudden flow decrease, the indicators value are obtained as 0.22, 0.06, 1.51 min, and 0.62, respectively, which are acceptable and indicate a smooth action of the control system. The results showed that the performance of the developed Bival automatic control system is appropriate, and it could be introduced to be applied in irrigation canals. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bone remodeling in postmenopausal women who discontinued denosumab treatment: Off-treatment biopsy study
Authors: Brown Jacques P , Dempster David W , Ding Beiying , Dent-Acosta Ricardo , San Martin Javier , Grauer Andreas , Wagman Rachel B , Zanchetta Jose 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Denosumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that neutralizes the activity of RANKL, leading to the inhibition of osteoclast maturation, bone-resorbing activity, and survival. Evaluation of trans–iliac crest bone biopsy specimens in the phase 3 pivotal fracture study with denosumab in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis showed evidence of reduced bone turnover at the tissue level in subjects receiving denosumab, and up to one-third of subjects did not have evidence of tetracycline labeling in trabecular or cortical bone. Discontinuation of denosumab therapy has demonstrated that the effects of denosumab are reversible, as assessed by biochemical markers of bone turnover (BTM) and BMD. The precise nature of changes that occur at the tissue level with denosumab discontinuation have not been explored. Fifteen subjects were enrolled in a cohort study to evaluate the effects of denosumab discontinuation at the tissue level. Subjects had discontinued osteoporosis treatment for a mean time of 25.1 months (range 21 to 29 months). Bone histomorphometry results were compared with results from placebo-treated women with osteoporosis in the denosumab phase 3 pivotal fracture bone biopsy substudy, and BTMs were compared with subjects' pretreatment values. The results of this study showed normal histology and bone remodeling similar to those observed in untreated postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. With treatment cessation, 100% of biopsy specimens had evidence of tetracycline labels. Biochemical markers were comparable to and highly correlated with pretreatment levels. These data confirm that the effects of denosumab on bone turnover at the tissue level are fully reversible. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
PTH(1–84) administration reverses abnormal bone-remodeling dynamics and structure in hypoparathyroidism
Authors: Rubin Mishaela R , Dempster David W , Sliney Jr. James , Zhou Hua , Nickolas Thomas L , Stein Emily M , Dworakowski Elzbieta , Dellabadia Maryann , Ives Rebecca , McMahon Donald J , Zhang Chiyuan , Silverberg Shonni J , Shane Elizabeth , Cremers Serge , Bilezikian John P 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Hypoparathyroidism is associated with abnormal structural and dynamic skeletal properties. We hypothesized that parathyroid hormone(1–84) [PTH(1–84)] treatment would restore skeletal properties toward normal in hypoparathyroidism. Sixty-four subjects with hypoparathyroidism were treated with PTH(1–84) for 2 years. All subjects underwent histomorphometric assessment with percutaneous iliac crest bone biopsies. Biopsies were performed at baseline and at 1 or 2 years. Another group of subjects had a single biopsy at 3 months, having received tetracycline before beginning PTH(1–84) and prior to the biopsy (quadruple-label protocol). Measurement of biochemical bone turnover markers was performed. Structural changes after PTH(1–84) included reduced trabecular width (144 ± 34 µm to 128 ± 34 µm, p = 0.03) and increases in trabecular number (1.74 ± 0.34/mm to 2.07 ± 0.50/mm, p = 0.02) at 2 years. Cortical porosity increased at 2 years (7.4% ± 3.2% to 9.2% ± 2.4%, p = 0.03). Histomorphometrically measured dynamic parameters, including mineralizing surface, increased significantly at 3 months, peaking at 1 year (0.7% ± 0.6% to 7.1% ± 6.0%, p = 0.001) and persisting at 2 years. Biochemical measurements of bone turnover increased significantly, peaking at 5 to 9 months of therapy and persisting for 24 months. It is concluded that PTH(1–84) treatment of hypoparathyroidism is associated with increases in histomorphometric and biochemical indices of skeletal dynamics. Structural changes are consistent with an increased remodeling rate in both trabecular and cortical compartments with tunneling resorption in the former. These changes suggest that PTH(1–84) improves abnormal skeletal properties in hypoparathyroidism and restores bone metabolism toward normal euparathyroid levels. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Cell line IDG-SW3 replicates osteoblast-to-late-osteocyte differentiation in vitro and accelerates bone formation in vivo
Authors: Woo Stacey M , Rosser Jennifer , Dusevich Vladimir , Kalajzic Ivo , Bonewald Lynda F 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Osteocytes are the most abundant cells in bone yet are the most challenging to study because they are embedded in a mineralized matrix. We generated a clonal cell line called IDG-SW3 (for Immortomouse/Dmp1-GFP-SW3) from long-bone chips from mice carrying a Dmp1 promoter driving GFP crossed with the Immortomouse, which expresses a thermolabile SV40 large T antigen regulated by interferon γ (IFN-γ). Cells from these mice can be expanded at 33 °C in the presence of IFN-γ and then allowed to resume their original phenotype at 37 °C in the absence of IFN-γ. IDG-SW3 cells are Dmp1-GFP− and T antigen+ under immortalizing conditions but Dmp1-GFP+ and T antigen− under osteogenic conditions. Like osteoblasts, they express alkaline phosphatase and produce and mineralize a type 1 collagen matrix containing calcospherulites. Like early osteocytes, they express E11/gp38, Dmp1, MEPE, and Phex. Like late osteocytes, they develop a dendritic morphology and express SOST/sclerostin and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23), regulated by parathyroid hormone (PTH) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. When cultured on 3D matrices, they express Dmp1-GFP and sclerostin. When the 3D cultures are implanted in calvarial defects in vivo, they accelerate bone healing. This cell line should prove useful for studying osteoblast-to-osteocyte transition, mechanisms for biomineralization, osteocyte function, and regulation of SOST/sclerostin and FGF-23. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Is the spin‐orbit coupling important in the prediction of the 51V hyperfine coupling constants of VIVO2+ species? ORCA versus Gaussian performance and biological applications
Authors: Micera Giovanni , Garribba Eugenio 
Published: July 2011

AbstractDensity functional theory calculations of the 51V hyperfine coupling (HFC) tensor A, have been completed for eighteen VIVO2+ complexes with different donor set, electric charge and coordination geometry. A tensor was calculated with ORCA software with several functionals and basis sets taking into account the spin‐orbit coupling contribution. The results were compared with those obtained with Gaussian 03 software using the half‐and‐half functional BHandHLYP and 6‐311g(d,p) basis set. The order of accuracy of the functionals in the prediction of Aiso, Az and dipolar term Az,anis is BHandHLYP > PBE0 >> B3PW > TPSSh >> B3LYP >> BP86 > VWN5 (for Aiso), BHandHLYP > PBE0 >> B3PW > TPSSh > B3LYP >> BP86 > VWN5 (for Az), B3LYP > PBE0 ∼ B3PW ∼ BHandHLYP >> TPSSh > BP86 ∼ VWN5 (for Az,anis). The good agreement in the prediction of Az with BHandHLYP is due to a compensation between the overestimation of Aiso and underestimation of Az,anis (Az = Aiso + Az,anis), whereas among the hybrid functionals PBE0 performs better than the other ones. BHandHLYP functional and Gaussian software are recommended when the VIVO2+ species contains only V‐O and/or V‐N bonds, whereas PBE0 functional and ORCA software for VIVO2+ complexes with one or more VS bonds. Finally, the application of these methods to the coordination environment of VIVO2+ ion in V‐proteins, like vanadyl‐substituted insulin, carbonic anhydrase, collagen and S‐adenosylmethionine synthetase, was discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011
Toward a computational tool predicting the stereochemical outcome of asymmetric reactions: Development of the molecular mechanics‐based program ACE and application to asymmetric epoxidation reactions
Authors: Weill Nathanael , Corbeil Christopher R. , De Schutter Joris W. , Moitessier Nicolas 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe development and application of ACE, a program that predicts the stereochemical outcome of asymmetric reactions is presented. As major implementations, ACE includes a genetic algorithm to carry out an efficient global conformational search combined with a conjugate gradient minimization routine for local optimization and a corner flap algorithm to search ring conformations. Further improvements have been made that enable ACE to generate Boltzmann populations of conformations, to investigate highly asynchronous reactions, to compute fluctuating partial atomic charges and solvation energy and to automatically construct reactants and products from libraries of catalysts and substrates. Validation on previously investigated reactions (asymmetric Diels Alder cycloadditions and organocatalyzed aldol reactions) followed by application to a number of alkene epoxidation reactions and a comparative study of DFT‐derived and ACE‐derived predictions demonstrate the accuracy and usefulness of ACE in the context of asymmetric catalyst design. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011
Surveying implicit solvent models for estimating small molecule absolute hydration free energies
Authors: Knight Jennifer L. , Brooks Charles L. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractImplicit solvent models are powerful tools in accounting for the aqueous environment at a fraction of the computational expense of explicit solvent representations. Here, we compare the ability of common implicit solvent models (TC, OBC, OBC2, GBMV, GBMV2, GBSW, GBSW/MS, GBSW/MS2 and FACTS) to reproduce experimental absolute hydration free energies for a series of 499 small neutral molecules that are modeled using AMBER/GAFF parameters and AM1‐BCC charges. Given optimized surface tension coefficients for scaling the surface area term in the nonpolar contribution, most implicit solvent models demonstrate reasonable agreement with extensive explicit solvent simulations (average difference 1.0–1.7 kcal/mol and R2 = 0.81–0.91) and with experimental hydration free energies (average unsigned errors = 1.1–1.4 kcal/mol and R2 = 0.66–0.81). Chemical classes of compounds are identified that need further optimization of their ligand force field parameters and others that require improvement in the physical parameters of the implicit solvent models themselves. More sophisticated nonpolar models are also likely necessary to more effectively represent the underlying physics of solvation and take the quality of hydration free energies estimated from implicit solvent models to the next level. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011
Comparison of osmotic swelling influences on meniscal fibrocartilage and articular cartilage tissue mechanics in compression and shear
Authors: Nguyen An M. , Levenston Marc E. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAlthough the contribution of the circumferential collagen bundles to the anisotropic tensile stiffness of meniscal tissue has been well described, the implications of interactions between tissue components for other mechanical properties have not been as widely examined. This study compared the effects of the proteoglycan‐associated osmotic swelling stress on meniscal fibrocartilage and articular cartilage (AC) mechanics by manipulating the osmotic environment and tissue compressive offset. Cylindrical samples were obtained from the menisci and AC of bovine stifles, equilibrated in phosphate‐buffered saline solutions ranging from 0.1× to 10×, and tested in oscillatory torsional shear and unconfined compression. Biochemical analysis indicated that treatments and testing did not substantially alter tissue composition. Mechanical testing revealed tissue‐specific responses to both increasing compressive offset and decreasing bath salinity. Most notably, reduced salinity dramatically increased the shear modulus of both axially and circumferentially oriented meniscal tissue explants to a much greater extent than for cartilage samples. Combined with previous studies, these findings suggest that meniscal proteoglycans have a distinct structural role, stabilizing, and stiffening the matrix surrounding the primary circumferential collagen bundles. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:95–102, 2012
Correlating Alpine glaciation with Adriatic sea‐level changes through lake and alluvial stratigraphy
Authors: Monegato Giovanni , Pini Roberta , Ravazzi Cesare , Reimer Paula J. , Wick Lucia 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe compare lake and alluvial stratigraphy along a frame connecting the southern Alpine foothills and the Adriatic Sea, with the aim of matching the effects of Alpine glaciation and sea‐level changes on sedimentation during the last glacial cycle. The palynostratigraphy of Lake Fimon provided proxies for regional vegetation and climate change and was coupled with sediment petrography, loss on ignition and magnetic susceptibility, disentangling alluvial phases from fluvioglacial activity related to culminations of the southeastern Alpine glaciers. The Fimon area was not reached by alluvial fans during the penultimate glacial maximum, nor by the sea transgression during the last interglacial, but a closed lake soon developed at the Eemian onset due to enhanced rainfall. Sea‐level fall at glacial inception triggered the entrenchment of the drainage network in the plain reaching the outer Fimon Basin. Slow aggradation, but no sign of fluvioglacial activity, lasted to 38.2 ± 1.45 cal. ka BP, when a major forest withdrawal took place, coeval to the spread of alluvial fans. By 27.5 ± 0.5 cal. ka BP the Fimon Basin was dammed by the Brenta outwash system. The main step of of forest recovery commenced at around (15.8) cal. ka BP, when apex trenching of the outwash fans was triggered by the glacier's decay. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimization of peptic hydrolysis parameters for the production of angiotensin I‐converting enzyme inhibitory hydrolysate from Acetes chinensis through Plackett–Burman and response surface methodological approaches
Authors: Cao Wenhong , Zhang Chaohua , Ji Hongwu , Hao Jiming 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Angiotensin I‐converting enzyme (ACE) plays an important physiological role in regulating blood pressure. The elevation of blood pressure could be suppressed by inhibiting ACE. ACE inhibitory peptides derived from food proteins could exert antihypertensive effects without side effects. Acetes chinensis is a marine shrimp suitable for the production of ACE inhibitory peptides. The principal objective of this study was to screen for the significant variables, and further to optimize the levels of the selected variables, for the enzymatic production of ACE inhibitory peptides from Acetes chinensis.RESULTS: Plackett–Burman design and response surface methodology were employed to optimize the peptic hydrolysis parameters of Acetes chinensis to obtain a hydrolysate with potent ACE inhibitory activity. The peptic hydrolysis variables were subject to a Plackett–Burman design for screening the main factors. The selected significant parameters such as pH, hydrolysis temperature and enzyme/substrate (E/S) ratio were further optimized using a central composite design. The optimized conditions were: pH 2.5, hydrolysis temperature 45 °C, E/S ratio 17 800 U kg−1 shrimp and substrate concentration 200 g L−1. The results showed that 3–5 h hydrolysis could result in a hydrolysate with ACE inhibition IC50 of 1.17 mg mL−1 and a high DH of 25–27%.CONCLUSION: Plackett–Burman design and RSM performed well in the optimization of peptic hydrolysis parameters of Acetes chinensis to produce hydrolysate with ACE inhibitory activity. A hydrolysate with potent ACE inhibitory activity and high degree of hydrolysis was obtained, so that the yield of ACE inhibitory peptides in it was high. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry