bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
System Study on Hydrothermal Gasification Combined With a Hybrid Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Gas Turbine
Authors: Toonssen R. , Aravind P. V. , Smit G. , Woudstra N. , Verkooijen A. H. M. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe application of wet biomass in energy conversion systems is challenging, since in most conventional systems the biomass has to be dried. Drying can be very energy intensive especially when the biomass has a moisture content above 50 wt.% on a wet basis. The combination of hydrothermal biomass gasification and a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) gas turbine (GT) hybrid system could be an efficient way to convert very wet biomass into electricity. Therefore, thermodynamic evaluation of combined systems with hydrothermal gasification units and SOFC–GT hybrid units has been performed. Three hydrothermal gasification cases have been evaluated; one producing mainly methane, a second one producing a mixture of hydrogen and methane and the last one producing mainly hydrogen. These three gasification systems have been coupled to the same SOFC–GT hybrid system. All the integrated systems have electrical exergy efficiencies around 50%, therefore, the combination of supercritical water gasification and SOFC–GT hybrid systems seems promising. The overall system performance depends for a large part on the liquid gas separation. Further research is required for finding out the optimal separation conditions.
A Pumpless Methanol Feeding Method for Application in Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Systems
Authors: Geng J. , Li X. , Sun G. , Yi B. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis paper presents a simple and reliable pumpless methanol feeding (PLMF) method for application in direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) systems. The primary feature and advantage of the PLMF is as follows: it employs an approach that allows the cathode gas pressure to be connected with a fuel container for supplying the methanol fuel into the anode fuel loop, instead of using any feeding pump or other specially designed apparatuses. The PLMF has been used in a portable 25 W DMFC system and realised feeding methanol in real time for meeting the requirements of the system. The PLMF method not only is suitable for the DMFC system, but also can be used in other liquid‐feeding fuel cell systems.
A balanced foreland–hinterland deformation model for the Southern Variscan belt of Sardinia, Italy
Authors: Casini Leonardo , Funedda Antonio , Oggiano Giacomo 
Published: May 2010

AbstractDeformation related to orogenic collision has been investigated along a complete crustal section exposed throughout the Sardinian Variscides, Italy. The dynamics of grain‐scale deformation processes and palaeo‐differential stress have been examined within three major shear zones (Rosas Shear Zone—RSZ, Baccu Locci Shear Zone—BLSZ and Giuncana Badesi Shear Zone—GBSZ) developed at progressively deeper structural levels from the foreland to the inner zone during the D1 phase of shortening associated with Barrovian‐type metamorphism. Microstructural analysis reveals that the overall strain in quartz‐feldspathic and calc‐mylonites results from a combination of and, possibly, competition between several deformation mechanisms. At the sub‐greenschist level (RSZ), operating mechanisms are pressure‐solution associated with grain boundary sliding. Dislocation creep is the dominant process at the greenschist level (BLSZ), although pressure‐solution is still effective in zones of strain concentration. In the lower crust (GBSZ), deformation occurred in the range of 600–620°C and 0.7–0.9 GPa by a combination of dislocation creep and high‐T diffusional processes. Differential stresses inferred from quartz grain‐size and calcite twin piezometers decrease with increasing depth, as predicted by most common rheological models. Despite this general trend, the stress profile across each shear zone suggests a pronounced stress gradient towards the zone of maximum deformation, leading to an increase of strain‐rate up to two orders of magnitude. The results of this regional study demonstrate that both stress and strain within orogenic wedges are localized rather than distributed, allowing the crust to deform coherently at different structural levels. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Not all folds and thrusts in the Yangtze foreland thrust belt are related to the Dabie Orogen: Insights from Mesozoic deformation south of the Yangtze River
Authors: Li S.Z. , Zhao G.C. , Zhang G.W. , Liu X.C. , Dong S.W. , Wang Y.J. , Liu X. , Suo Y.H. , Dai L.M. , Jin C. , Liu L.P. , Hao Y. , Liu E.S. , Wang J. , Wang T. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe Yangtze foreland fold‐and‐thrust belt is located between the Mesozoic Dabie collisional orogen and the Mesozoic Jiangnan intraplate orogen in east‐central China. Three regional deformation events are recognized in the Dabie Orogen north of the Yangtze River. The earliest regional deformation (D1) corresponded to a southeastward compression that occurred during the subduction of the South China Plate below the North China Plate. Top‐to‐the‐southeast shearing coeval with Late Permian–Early Triassic blueschist facies metamorphism, was possibly associated with the development of regional gneissosity in the Dabie complexes and flat‐ramp‐style thrusts within the Neoproterozoic–Palaeozoic sedimentary cover, north of the Yangtze River. The main ductile deformation (D2) is also characterized by southeast‐verging overturned and recumbent folds, coeval with the early stage of exhumation of the high‐pressure rocks. A top‐to‐the‐SW thrusting and WNW‐striking open folds belong to a separate, later deformation phase, D3. Previous40Ar–39Ar mica dates ranging between 245 and 205 Ma suggest Late Permian–Early Jurassic ages for the D1 to D3 events. The foreland folds and thrusts related to these deformations in the Dabie Orogen flank the eastern and western ‘limbs’ of the Dabie Orogen but are absent in the front of it. In contrast to the deformation north of the Yangtze River, the deformation of Neoproterozoic–Palaeozoic sedimentary cover in the Jiangnan Orogen south of the Yangtze River is generally characterized by north‐verging folding and top‐to‐the‐north thrusting from Triassic to Jurassic times. Based on the differences of deformation and structural polarity between the south and north areas of the Yangtze River, we propose that the Yangtze foreland fold‐and‐thrust belt in the direct front of the Dabie Orogen is unrelated to the Dabie Orogen but resulted from the Jiangnan Orogen. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
p130Cas, Crk-Associated Substrate Plays Essential Roles in Liver Development by Regulating Sinusoidal Endothelial Cell Fenestration†
Authors: Tazaki Tatsuya , Sasaki Takaaki , Uto Kenta , Yamasaki Norimasa , Tashiro Satoshi , Sakai Ryuichi , Tanaka Minoru , Oda Hideaki , Honda Zen-Ichiro , Honda Hiroaki 
Published: May 2010

Abstract

p130Cas, Crk-associated substrate (Cas), is an adaptor/scaffold protein that plays a central role in actin cytoskeletal reorganization. We previously showed that mice in which Cas was deleted (Cas−/−) died

in utero

because of early cardiovascular maldevelopment. To further investigate the

in vivo

roles of Cas, we generated mice with a hypomorphic Cas allele lacking the exon 2–derived region (Cas

Δ

ex2

/Δ

ex2

), which encodes Src homology domain 3 (SH3) of Cas. Cas

Δ

ex2

/Δ

ex2

mice again died as embryos, but they particularly showed progressive liver degeneration with hepatocyte apoptosis. Because Cas expression in the liver is preferentially detected in sinusoidal endothelial cells (SECs), the observed hepatocyte apoptosis was most likely ascribable to impaired function of SECs. To address this possibility, we stably introduced a Cas mutant lacking the SH3 domain (Cas ΔSH3) into an SEC line (NP31). Intriguingly, the introduction of Cas ΔSH3 induced a loss of fenestrae, the characteristic cell-penetrating pores in SECs that serve as a critical route for supplying oxygen and nutrients to hepatocytes. The disappearance of fenestrae in Cas ΔSH3–expressing cells was associated with an attenuation of actin stress fiber formation, a marked reduction in tyrosine phosphorylation of Cas, and defective binding of Cas to CrkII.

Conclusion:

Cas plays pivotal roles in liver development through the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and formation of fenestrae in SECs.
PNPLA3 Variants Specifically Confer Increased Risk for Histologic Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease But Not Metabolic Disease†,‡
Authors: Speliotes Elizabeth K. , Butler Johannah L. , Palmer Cameron D. , Voight Benjamin F. , Hirschhorn Joel N. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near 7 loci have been associated with liver function tests or with liver steatosis by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In this study we aim to test whether these SNPs influence the risk of histologically-confirmed nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We tested the association of histologic NAFLD with SNPs at 7 loci in 592 cases of European ancestry from the Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Clinical Research Network and 1405 ancestry-matched controls. The G allele of rs738409 in

PNPLA3

was associated with increased odds of histologic NAFLD (odds ratio [OR] = 3.26, 95% confidence intervals [CI] = 2.11-7.21;

P

= 3.6 × 10−43). In a case only analysis of G allele of rs738409 in

PNPLA3

was associated with a decreased risk of zone 3 centered steatosis (OR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.36-0.58;

P

= 5.15 × 10−11). We did not observe any association of this variant with body mass index, triglyceride levels, high- and low-density lipoprotein levels, or diabetes (

P

> 0.05). None of the variants at the other 6 loci were associated with NAFLD.

Conclusion:

Genetic variation at

PNPLA3

confers a markedly increased risk of increasingly severe histological features of NAFLD, without a strong effect on metabolic syndrome component traits.
Prediction of heat exchanger performance by the thermal network method (Improvement of an evaporator's performance and restraining air flow bypass by adjusting the refrigerant‐flow path pattern)
Authors: Kaga Kunihiko , Kotoh Satoru , Ogushi Teturo , Yoshida Hideo 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis paper presents the influence of latent heat load by changing the relative humidity of air flow distribution in the super‐heated gas region in an evaporator and the effect of the refrigerant flow path pattern. To estimate the influence, we applied the thermal network method that can consider refrigerant quality distribution in the heat exchanger. If the super‐heated gas region spreads to the upper wind row, humid air goes through the heat exchanger without drying, called “air flow bypass.” To suppress this phenomenon and simultaneously obtain the best performance, we chose an optimum path pattern on the basis of this method. As a result, the prediction shows that performance of the evaporator is recovered 5% for a simple 2‐row 2‐path heat exchanger when 40% of the unbalance of air flow rate occurs. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20302
Development of a micro optical diffusion sensor using laser‐induced dielectrophoretic manipulation
Authors: Itani Koichi , Ebisui Akira , Taguchi Yoshihiro , Nagasaka Yuji 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe have developed a novel micro optical diffusion sensor (MODS) based on laser‐induced dielectrophoresis (LIDEP), which enables rapid measurement with a small sample volume and on‐site sensing of protein conformation. This paper presents the measurement principle, the chip design, and the validity of the proposed method. To verify the applicability of MODS, we confirmed a sinusoidal concentration distribution of polystyrene beads in a surface‐modified microchannel generated by LIDEP force. The decay time of the diffusion of the concentration distribution agreed well with theoretical calculations, confirming the applicability of MODS as a technique for measuring the diffusion coefficient. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20303
Subspace models for document script and language identification
Authors: Vikram T. N. , Gowda K. Chidananda 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn this article, we explore the suitability of subspace models like 2DPCA [Yang et al., IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Machine Intelligence 26 (2004), 131–137], 2DFLD [Yang et al., Pattern Recogn 38 (2005), 1125–1129], etc. for document script and language identification. They are employed to identify language and script at both paragraph and word level. Elaborate experimentation has been conducted which has revealed that they are robust enough to handle highly confusing scripts and their performance does not degrade drastically even in the presence of noise. A generic language identification has been attempted in this work, to identify languages of both Asian and European origin by considering a dataset of 20 different languages. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 20, 140–148, 2010
Fake iris detection based on 3D structure of iris pattern
Authors: Lee Eui Chul , Park Kang Ryoung 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA new fake iris detection method based on 3D feature of iris pattern is proposed. In pervious researches, they did not consider 3D structure of iris pattern, but only used 2D features of iris image. However, in our method, by using four near infra‐red (NIR) illuminators attached on the left and right sides of iris camera, we could obtain the iris image in which the 3D structure of iris pattern could be shown distinctively. Based on that, we could determine the live or fake iris by wavelet analysis of the 3D feature of iris pattern. Experimental result showed that the Equal Error Rate (EER) of determining the live or fake iris was 0.33%. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 20, 162–166, 2010
Brain networks: Graph theoretical analysis and development models
Authors: Cho Myoung Won , Choi M. Y. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA trendy method to understand the brain is to make a map representing the structural network of the brain, also known as theconnectome, on the scale of a brain region. Indeed analysis based on graph theory provides quantitative insights into general topological principles of brain network organization. In particular, it is disclosed that typical brain networks share the topological properties, such as small‐world and scale‐free, with many other complex networks encountered in nature. Such topological properties are regarded as characteristics of the optimal neural connectivity to implement efficient computation and communication; brains with disease or abnormality show distinguishable deviations in the graph theoretical analysis. Considering that conventional models in graph theory are, however, not adequate for direct application to the neural system, we also discuss a model for explaining how the neural connectivity is organized. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 20, 108–116, 2010
DTI‐DROID: Diffusion tensor imaging‐deformable registration using orientation and intensity descriptors
Authors: Ingalhalikar Madhura , Yang Jinzhong , Davatzikos Christos , Verma Ragini 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis article presents a method (DROID) for deformable registration of diffusion tensor (DT) images that utilizes the full tensor information by integrating the intensity and orientation features into a hierarchical matching framework. The intensity features are derived from eigen value based measures that characterize the tensor in terms of its different shape properties, such as, prolateness, oblateness, and sphericity of the tensor. Local spatial distributions of the prolate, oblate, and spherical geometry are used to create an attribute vector called the geometric/intensity feature for matching. The orientation features are the orientation histograms computed from the eigenvectors. These intensity and orientation features are incorporated into a hierarchical deformable registration framework to develop a deformable registration algorithm for DT images. Using orientation features improves the matching of the white matter fiber tracts by taking into account the underlying fiber orientation information. Extensive experiments on simulated and real brain DT data show promising results that makes DROID potentially useful for subsequent group‐based analysis of DT images to identify disease‐induced and developmental changes in a population. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 20, 99–107, 2010
What are we missing here? Brain imaging evidence for higher cognitive functions in primary visual cortex V1
Authors: Muckli Lars 
Published: May 2010

AbstractFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and neuron electrophysiology (neurophysiology) are two well‐established ways to measure brain activity. Even though the spatial and temporal resolution of these techniques is very different, both measurements show a high level of consistency, i.e., for mapping feature preferences of cortical areas. There are, however, other striking differences between fMRI and neurophysiology, for example, fMRI has good accessibility to higher cognitive functions, a bias to measure synaptic activity, and a good sensitivity to detect feedback‐related activity, all of which can shed a new light on the function of well‐known brain areas like primary visual cortex, V1. Classically, it is believed that V1 cells are exhaustively characterized by their complex receptive field properties. Contrary to this view, however, fMRI shows that response properties in area V1 are spatially unstable, influenced by contextual information, and depend on internal states. This review will highlight some of the most striking new fMRI findings that show V1 is involved in higher cognitive functions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 20, 131–139, 2010
Relaxation time constants and apparent diffusion coefficients of rat retina at 7 Tesla
Authors: Nair Govind , Shen Qiang , Duong Timothy Q. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractMRI has recently been applied to study the retina in vivo. Measurements of relaxation time constants (T1, T2, and T2*) and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of the retina would be useful to systemically optimize structural, physiological, and functional MRI contrasts. MRI studies were performed on 12 anesthetized and paralyzed rats. High‐resolution T1, T2, T2* and ADC of the rat eyes were measured at 50 × 50 × 800 μm at 7 Tesla. Profiles of T1, T2, T2* and ADC across the retinal thickness were analyzed. Region of interests of three layers across the retinal thickness were tabulated. This study demonstrated that high resolution T1, T2, T2* and ADC of the rat retina could be imaged. Profile analysis of T1, T2, T2* and ADC across the retinal thickness were helpful to minimize partial volume effects. T1, T2, T2* and ADC of the rat retina were overall similar to those of the brain. Quantitative T1, T2, T2* and ADC may change in retinal diseases and their measurements could help to stage retinal disease progression and monitor therapeutic intervention. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 20, 126–130, 2010
10th international symposium on the synthesis and applications of isotopes and isotopically labelled compounds—applications of isotopes in organic and bioorganic reaction mechanisms Session 4, Wednesday, June 17, 2009
Authors: Klaas Schildknegt , Kristiina Wähälä 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAbstract: The use of enzymes for the preparation of deuterium and tritium labelled biogenic amines was detailed. In addition, the direct labelling of Anti‐VEGF‐MAB with 188Re was discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Examining the effects of leadership development on firm performance
Authors: Dalakoura Afroditi 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe purpose of the current study was to identify the constructs that affect leadership development in an organization and investigate the impact of leadership development on firm performance. Using structural equation modeling, the study showed a positive relationship between differentiation strategies and leadership development. No relationship was found between environmental dynamism and leadership development or organizational size and leadership development. The positive impact of leadership development on firm performance, as measured through financial and market outcomes, was validated.
Liver transplantation for non-hepatocellular carcinoma malignancy: Indications, limitations, and analysis of the current literature
Authors: Grossman Eric J. , Millis Michael J. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is currently incorporated into the treatment regimens for specific nonhepatocellular malignancies. For patients suffering from early-stage, unresectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), OLT preceded by neoadjuvant radiotherapy has the potential to readily achieve a tumor-free margin, accomplish a radical resection, and treat underlying primary sclerosing cholangitis when present. In highly selected stage I and II patients with CCA, the 5-year survival rate is 80%. As additional data are accrued, OLT with neoadjuvant chemoradiation may become a viable alternative to resection for patients with localized, node-negative hilar CCA. Hepatic involvement from neuroendocrine tumors can be treated with OLT when metastases are unresectable or for palliation of medically uncontrollable symptoms. Five-year survival rates as high as 90% have been reported, and the Ki67 labeling index can be used to predict outcomes after OLT. Hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma is a rare tumor of vascular origin. The data from single-institution series are limited, but compiled reviews have reported 1- and 10-year survival rates of 96% and 72%, respectively. Hepatoblastoma is the most common primary hepatic malignancy in children. There exist subtle differences in the timing of chemotherapy between US and European centers; however, the long-term survival rate after transplantation ranges from 66% to 77%. Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma is a distinct liver malignancy best treated by surgical resection. However, there is an increasing amount of data supporting OLT when resection is contraindicated. In the treatment of either primary or metastatic hepatic sarcomas, unacceptable survival and recurrence rates currently prohibit the use of OLT. Liver Transpl 16:930-942, 2010. © 2010 AASLD.
pH‐Responsive Vesicles from a Schizophrenic Diblock Copolymer
Authors: Du Jianzhong , O'Reilly Rachel K. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA novel tertiary amine and amino acid‐based “schizophrenic” pH‐responsive block copolymer, PDEA‐b‐PAP, has been synthesized by RAFT polymerization. By directly dissolving this copolymer in acid or basic aqueous solution block copolymer vesicles with switchable coronas and membranes were prepared. These novel assemblies were characterized using TEM, DLS, zeta potential, and SLS analysis.magnified image
Free Volume and Swelling in Thin Films of Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) End‐Capped with n‐Butyltrithiocarbonate
Authors: Harms S. , Rätzke K. , Faupel F. , Egger W. , Ravello L. , Laschewsky A. , Wang W. , Müller‐Buschbaum P. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe free volume in thin films of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamid) end‐capped with n‐butyltriocarbonate (nbc‐PNIPAM) is probed with positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS). The PALS measurements are performed as function of energy to obtain depth profiles of the free volume of nbc‐PNIPAM films. The range of nbc‐PNIPAM films with thicknesses from 40 to 200 nm is focused. With decreasing film thickness the free volume increases in good agreement with an increase in the maximum swelling capability of the nbc‐PNIPAM films. Thus in thin hydrogel films the sorption and swelling behavior is governed by free volume.magnified image