bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FOXM1 expression mediates growth suppression during terminal differentiation of HO‐1 human metastatic melanoma cells
Authors: Huynh Kim Mai , Soh Jae‐Won , Dash Rupesh , Sarkar Devanand , Fisher Paul B. , Kang Dongchul 
Published: July 2010

AbstractInduction of terminal differentiation represents a potentially less toxic cancer therapy. Treatment of HO‐1 human metastatic melanoma cells with IFN‐β plus mezerein (MEZ) promotes terminal differentiation with an irreversible loss of growth potential. During this process, the transcription factor FOXM1 is down‐regulated potentially inhibiting transactivation of target genes including those involved in G2/M progression and cell proliferation. We investigated the mechanism of FOXM1 down‐regulation and its physiological role in terminal differentiation. Genetic and pharmacological studies revealed that FOXM1 down‐regulation was primarily caused by MEZ activation of PKCα and co‐treatment with IFN‐β plus MEZ augmented the effect of PKCα. Promoter analysis with a mutated E‐box on the FOXM1 promoter, and in vitro and in vivo binding assays confirm a direct role of c‐Myc on FOXM1 expression. Reduction of c‐Myc and overexpression of Mad1 by IFN‐β plus MEZ treatment should cause potent and persistent reduction of FOXM1 expression during terminal differentiation. Overexpression of FOXM1 restored expression of cell cycle‐associated genes and increased the proportion of cells in the S phase. Our experiments support a model for terminal differentiation in which FOXM1 down‐regulation via activation of PKCα followed by suppression of c‐Myc expression, are causal events in promoting growth inhibition during terminal differentiation. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 194–204, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
SLC26A9 stimulates CFTR expression and function in human bronchial cell lines
Authors: Avella Martine , Loriol Céline , Boulukos Kim , Borgese Franck , Ehrenfeld Jordi 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe investigated the possible functional‐ and physical protein‐interactions between two airway Cl− channels, SLC26A9 and CFTR. Bronchial CFBE41o‐ cell lines expressing CFTRWT or CFTRΔF508 were transduced with SLC26A9. Immunoblots identified a migrating band corresponding to SLC26A9 present in whole‐cell lysates as on apical membrane of cells grown on polarized filters. CFTR levels were increased by the presence of SLC26A9 in both CFTRWT and CFTRΔF508 cell lines. In CFBE41o‐ cells and CFBE41o‐/CFTRWT cells transduced with SLC26A9, currents associated to the protein expression were not detected. However, the forskolin (FK)‐stimulated currents were enhanced in SLC26A9‐transduced cells compared to control cells. Therefore, the presence of SLC26A9 resulted in an increase in CFTR activity (same % of CFTR(inh)‐172 or GlyH‐101 inhibition in both groups). In CFBE41o‐/CFTRΔF508 cells transduced with SLC26A9 (at 27°C), a current associated to the protein expression was also lacking. FK‐stimulated currents and level of CFTR(inh)‐172 inhibition were not different in both groups. The presence of SLC26A9 in Xenopus oocytes expressing CFTR also enhanced the FK‐stimulated currents as compared to oocytes expressing CFTR alone. This stimulation was mostly linked to CFTR. An enhancement of FK‐stimulated currents was not found in oocytes co‐expressing SLC26A9 and CFTRΔF508. In conclusion, in both protein expression systems used, SLC26A9 stimulates CFTR activity but not that of CFTRΔF508. Our co‐immunoprecipitation studies demonstrate a physical interaction between both anion channels. We propose as an alternative hypothesis (not exclusive) to the known SLC26A9‐STAS domain/CFTR interaction, that SLC26A9 favors the biogenesis and/or stabilization of CFTR, leading to stimulated currents. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 212–223, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Snapping biceps femoris tendon: A dynamic real‐time sonographic evaluation
Authors: Guillin Raphaël , Mendoza‐Ruiz Juan J. , Moser Thomas , Ropars Mickaël , Duvauferrier Régis , Cardinal Etienne 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSnapping of the distal arms of the biceps femoris tendon may explain pain and discomfort at the lateral aspect of the knee. We report two cases in which dynamic sonography was able to confirm the diagnosis and document which of the main arms was involved in the process. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 38:435–437, 2010
In vivo comparison of microcirculation and histomorphology of two different flap donor sites
Authors: Altintas Ahmet Ali , Stasch Tilman , Oezcelik Arzu , Altintas Mehmet Ali 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:In soft tissue reconstruction surgery using free flaps, different donor sites from various anatomical regions should be considered. Local microperfusion and histomorphology at these donor sites are often neglected during planning and operation of free tissue transfers. The aim of this in vivo study was to evaluate the microperfusion and, simultaneously, the tissue morphology of two potential free fasciocutaneous flap donor sites on the upper and lower extremity.METHODS:In 23 healthy nonsmoking individuals (aged 30 ± 8.4 years), potential free‐flap donor sites for the radial forearm flap (RFF) and the anterolateral thigh flap (ALTF) were investigated using high‐resolution in vivo Reflectance‐Mode‐Confocal‐Microscopy (Vivascope 1500, Lucid, Rochester, NY). The following parameters were evaluated: quantitative blood‐cell flow; density of functional dermal capillaries; minimal epidermal thickness, and viable thickness of the epidermis.RESULTS:The quantitative blood‐cell flow was higher in the RFF donor site (62 ± 3.1 cells/min) compared with the ALTF donor site (51 ± 2.4 cells/min,P< 0.05). The density of functional dermal capillaries at the RFF donor site was higher than at the ALTF donor site (38 ± 3 vs. 22 ± 2.2 capillaries/mm2,P< 0.05). The minimal epidermal thickness was thinner at the RFF donor site compared with the ALTF donor site (44 ± 2.9 vs. 55 ± 3.8 μm,P< 0.05). The viable thickness of the epidermis of the RFF region was thinner compared with the region of the ALTF (31 ± 2.1 vs. 42 ± 2.7 μm,P< 0.05).CONCLUSION:For the first time, significant differences in the in vivo microperfusion and histomorphology could be shown when comparing two different free‐flap donor sites. The correlation to flap failure needs to be substantiated in further systematic trials. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Accurate quadrupole MS peak reconstruction in optimized gas‐flow comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography
Authors: Tranchida Peter Quinto , Purcaro Giorgia , Sciarrone Danilo , Dugo Paola , Dugo Giovanni , Mondello Luigi 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn the present research, a split‐flow comprehensive 2‐D GC‐quadrupole MS (qMS) method was developed using: a primary apolar 30 m×0.25 mm id×0.25 μm df capillary linked, via a T‐union, to a secondary polar 1.0 m×0.05 mm id×0.05 μm df capillary and to a 0.10 m×0.05 mm id×0.05 μm df uncoated column segment. The GC×GC‐qMS instrument was equipped with two GC ovens and a loop‐type modulator. The polar column was connected to the MS, whereas the uncoated column directed most of the first‐dimension effluent to waste and enabled the generation of optimum gas velocities in both dimensions, namely circa 20 and 80 cm/s in the first and second dimensions, respectively. The rapid‐scanning qMS was operated at a scan speed of 10 000 amu/s, a 25‐Hz data acquisition frequency (scan time+interscan time: 40 ms), and with a normal GC mass range (m/z 40–360). Chromatography bands at the second‐dimension outlet were never less than 360 ms wide (6σ), enabling the acquisition of at least 10 spectra/peak.
Electromechanical modulation of catabolic and anabolic pathways in chronically inactive, but neurally intact, muscles
Authors: Kim Jung A. , Roy Roland R. , Kim Soo J. , Zhong Hui , Haddad Fadia , Baldwin Kenneth M. , Edgerton V. Reggie 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe extent and mechanisms by which neural input regulates skeletal muscle mass remain largely unknown. Adult spinal cord isolated (SI) rats were implanted unilaterally with a microstimulator, whereas the contralateral limb served as SI control (SI‐C). A 100‐HZ, 1‐s stimulus was delivered every 30 s for 5 min, followed by a 5‐min rest. This was repeated six times consecutively (SI‐Stim1) or with a 9‐h interval after the third bout (SI‐Stim2) for 30 days (1 min of daily activity). SI‐Stim1 and SI‐Stim2 paradigms attenuated plantaris atrophy by 20% and 38%, respectively, whereas only SI‐Stim2 blunted soleus atrophy (24%) relative to SI‐C. Muscle mass changes occurred independent of the IGF‐1/PI3K/Akt pathway. No relationships between SI or electromechanical stimulation and expression of several atrophy markers were observed. These data suggest that regulatory mechanisms for maintaining muscle mass previously shown in acute states of atrophy differ substantially from those observed in chronic states. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Simultaneous milling and coating of inorganic particulates with polymeric coating materials using a fluid energy mill
Authors: Zhang Qi , Wang Peng , Teng Shuli , Qian Zheng , Zhu Linjie , Gogos Costas G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA fluid energy–based method and apparatus was used to simultaneously mill and coat coarse particles with the presence of various coating materials, including: three micron‐sized particles—carnauba wax, polyethylene (PE), and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) particles, and one type of nanoparticle, PTFE. The coating performance of polymeric materials and their effect on the breakage of the coarse particles were studied. The Young's modulus of the coating materials and the materials' size ratio were found to be critical in controlling the coating quality. The polymeric coating, working as a lubricant and cushion layer, absorbs part of the high kinetic energy and results in the larger particle size of fluid energy mill–ground product. Experimental and simulation results suggest that side‐sweep attrition plays a role in breakage of core particles. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Improvement in multi‐crystalline silicon solar cell efficiency via addition of luminescent material to EVA encapsulation layer
Authors: Klampaftis E. , Richards B. S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper shows that an enhancement in the performance of commercial screen‐printed multi‐crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules can be achieved via luminescent down‐shifting of the incident light. Using fluorescent organic dyes dissolved in the pre‐existing poly‐ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) encapsulation layer, an increase in the short‐wavelength external quantum efficiency of over 10% absolute, which results in 0.18% absolute higher efficiency, is reported. This approach offers the opportunity for prompt application at production scale, since it neither requires any modification to the module manufacturing process nor does it add to the cost of power generation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Personality disorder: incidence, co‐morbid disorders and cost within a northern mental health trust
Authors: Corulla William J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis study had five aims: (1) to ascertain the numbers of persons with personality disorder admitted to adult acute psychiatric wards (AAPWs) between 2004 and 2009 throughout a Mental Health NHS Trust; (2) to ascertain the number of referrals to community services of persons with personality disorder; (3) to uncover the number of persons with personality disorder having co‐morbid disorders; (4) to see if the results obtained are in keeping with previous research and national statistics; and (5) to briefly uncover the cost of these admissions both locally and nationally. A survey was conducted throughout a Northern Mental Health Trust which found that 271 persons with personality disorder have been admitted to AAPWs from 2004 to 2009 throughout this Trust. Ninety‐six persons having a secondary diagnosis of personality disorder were also found. One hundred ninety‐four persons with personality disorder having a co‐morbid disorder were found. Examination of national statistics from the Hospital Episodes Statistics web site from 2002 through 2008 found 993 admissions for persons with personality disorder throughout the Trust. Questions are raised about treatment outcomes in relation to multiple and short‐term admissions. Questions concerning the training and knowledge among mental health professionals were also explored. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metabolomics for bioactivity assessment of natural products
Authors: Yuliana Nancy Dewi , Khatib Alfi , Choi Young Hae , Verpoorte Robert 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNatural products historically have been a rich source of lead molecules in drug discovery, based on their capability to create unique and diverse chemical structures. However, it is also true that the vast number of metabolites typically present in natural products and their huge dynamic range results in the loss of many possibly bioactive natural compounds, becoming an inextricable obstacle for drug development. Recently, new strategies which favour a holistic approach as opposed to the traditional reductionist methods used previously, have been introduced with the purpose of overcoming the bottlenecks in natural product research. This approach is based on the application of new technologies, including metabolomics, for example. Metabolomics allows a systematic study of a complex mixture such as a phytochemical preparation, which can be linked to observations obtained through biological testing systems without the need for isolating active principles. This may put drug discovery from natural products back in the limelight again. In this review paper, the description of some examples of successful metabolomics applications in several important fields related to drug discovery from natural sources aims at raising the potential of metabolomics in reducing the gap between natural products (NP) and modern drug discovery demand. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
From molecules to meteorology via turbulent scale invariance
Authors: Tuck A. F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis review attempts to interpret the generalized scale invariance observed in common atmospheric variables—wind, temperature, humidity, ozone and some trace species—in terms of the computed emergence of ring currents (vortices) in simulations of populations of Maxwellian molecules subject to an anisotropy in the form of a flux. The data are taken from ‘horizontal’ tracks of research aircraft and from ‘vertical’ trajectories of research dropsondes. It is argued that any attempt to represent the energy distribution in the atmosphere quantitatively must have a proper basis in molecular physics, a prerequisite to accommodate the observed long‐tailed velocity probability distributions and the implied effects on radiative transfer, atmospheric chemistry, turbulent structure and the definition of temperature itself. The relationship between fluctuations and dissipation is discussed in a framework of non‐equilibrium statistical mechanics, and a link between maximization of entropy production and scale invariance is hypothesized. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Effect of improving representation of horizontal and vertical cloud structure on the Earth's global radiation budget. Part II: The global effects
Authors: Shonk Jonathan K. P. , Hogan Robin J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractReliably representing both horizontal cloud inhomogeneity and vertical cloud overlap is fundamentally important for the radiation budget of a general circulation model. Here, we build on the work of Part I of this two‐part paper by applying a pair of parametrizations that account for horizontal inhomogeneity and vertical overlap to global re‐analysis data. These are applied both together and separately in an attempt to quantify the effects of poor representation of the two components on radiation budget.Horizontal inhomogeneity is accounted for using the ‘Tripleclouds’ scheme, which uses two regions of cloud in each layer of a gridbox as opposed to one; vertical overlap is accounted for using ‘exponential‐random’ overlap, which aligns vertically continuous cloud according to a decorrelation height. These are applied to a sample of scenes from a year of ERA‐40 data. The largest radiative effect of horizontal inhomogeneity is found to be in areas of marine stratocumulus; the effect of vertical overlap is found to be fairly uniform, but with larger individual short‐wave and long‐wave effects in areas of deep, tropical convection. The combined effect of the two parametrizations is found to reduce the magnitude of the net top‐of‐atmosphere (TOA) cloud radiative forcing by 2.25 W m−2, with shifts of up to 10 W m−2in areas of marine stratocumulus.The effects on radiation budget of the uncertainty in our parametrizations is also investigated. It is found that the uncertainty in the impact of horizontal inhomogeneity is of order±60%, while the uncertainty in the impact of vertical overlap is much smaller. This suggests an insensitivity of the radiation budget to the exact nature of the global decorrelation height distribution derived in Part I. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Effect of improving representation of horizontal and vertical cloud structure on the Earth's global radiation budget. Part I: Review and parametrization
Authors: Shonk Jonathan K. P. , Hogan Robin J. , Edwards John M. , Mace Gerald G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA poor representation of cloud structure in a general circulation model (GCM) is widely recognised as a potential source of error in the radiation budget. Here, we develop a new way of representing both horizontal and vertical cloud structure in a radiation scheme. This combines the ‘Tripleclouds’ parametrization, which introduces inhomogeneity by using two cloudy regions in each layer as opposed to one, each with different water content values, with ‘exponential‐random’ overlap, in which clouds in adjacent layers are not overlapped maximally, but according to a vertical decorrelation scale. This paper, Part I of two, aims to parametrize the two effects such that they can be used in a GCM. To achieve this, we first review a number of studies for a globally applicable value of fractional standard deviation of water content for use in Tripleclouds. We obtain a value of 0.75 ± 0.18 from a variety of different types of observations, with no apparent dependence on cloud type or gridbox size. Then, through a second short review, we create a parametrization of decorrelation scale for use in exponential‐random overlap, which varies the scale linearly with latitude from 2.9 km at the Equator to 0.4 km at the poles. When applied to radar data, both components are found to have radiative impacts capable of offsetting biases caused by cloud misrepresentation. Part II of this paper implements Tripleclouds and exponential‐random overlap into a radiation code and examines both their individual and combined impacts on the global radiation budget using re‐analysis data. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society and Crown Copyright
A new equitable score suitable for verifying precipitation in numerical weather prediction
Authors: Rodwell Mark J. , Richardson David S. , Hewson Tim D. , Haiden Thomas 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA new equitable score is developed for monitoring precipitation forecasts and for guiding forecast system development. To accommodate the difficult distribution of precipitation, the score measures the error in ‘probability space’ through use of the climatological cumulative distribution function. For sufficiently skilful forecasting systems, the new score is less sensitive to sampling uncertainty than other established scores. It is therefore called here the ‘Stable Equitable Error in Probability Space’ (SEEPS). Weather is partitioned into three categories: ‘dry’, ‘light precipitation’ and ‘heavy precipitation’. SEEPS adapts to the climate of the region in question so that it assesses the salient aspects of the local weather, encouraging ‘refinement’ and discouraging ‘hedging’. To permit continuous monitoring of a system with resolution increasing in time, forecasts are verified against point observations. With some careful choices, observation error and lack of representativeness of model grid‐box averages are found to have relatively little impact. SEEPS can identify key forecasting errors including the overprediction of drizzle, failure to predict heavy large‐scale precipitation and incorrectly locating convective cells. Area averages are calculated taking into account the observation density. A gain of ∼2 days, at lead times of 3–9 days, over the last 14 years is found in extratropical scores of forecasts made at the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). This gain is due to system improvements, not the increased amount of data assimilated. SEEPS may also be applicable for verifying other quantities that suffer from difficult spatio‐temporal distributions. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Prospects for immunisation against Marburg and Ebola viruses
Authors: Geisbert Thomas W. , Bausch Daniel G. , Feldmann Heinz 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFor more than 30 years the filoviruses, Marburg virus and Ebola virus, have been associated with periodic outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever that produce severe and often fatal disease. The filoviruses are endemic primarily in resource‐poor regions in Central Africa and are also potential agents of bioterrorism. Although no vaccines or antiviral drugs for Marburg or Ebola are currently available, remarkable progress has been made over the last decade in developing candidate preventive vaccines against filoviruses in nonhuman primate models. Due to the generally remote locations of filovirus outbreaks, a single‐injection vaccine is desirable. Among the prospective vaccines that have shown efficacy in nonhuman primate models of filoviral hemorrhagic fever, two candidates, one based on a replication‐defective adenovirus serotype 5 and the other on a recombinant VSV (rVSV), were shown to provide complete protection to nonhuman primates when administered as a single injection. The rVSV‐based vaccine has also shown utility when administered for postexposure prophylaxis against filovirus infections. A VSV‐based Ebola vaccine was recently used to manage a potential laboratory exposure. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Model checking with bounded context switching
Authors: Holzmann Gerard J. , Florian Mihai 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
We discuss the implementation of a bounded context switching algorithm in the Spin model checker. The algorithm allows us to find counter-examples that are often simpler to understand, and that may be more likely to occur in practice. We discuss extensions of the algorithm that allow us to use this new algorithm in combination with most other search modes supported in Spin, including partial order reduction and bitstate hashing. We show that, other than often assumed, the enforcement of a bounded context switching discipline does not decrease but increases the complexity of the model checking procedure. We discuss the performance of the algorithm on a range of applications.