bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of vibration on muscle perfusion: a systematic review
Authors: Fuller Joel T. , Thomson Rebecca L. , Howe Peter R. C. , Buckley Jonathan D. 
Published: August 2012

SummaryVibration has become of increasing interest to health professionals, primarily owing to reports that vibration can increase tissue blood flow. The aim of this review was to investigate the available scientific evidence on the effects of exogenous vibration on skeletal muscle perfusion. The databases searched from inception to December 2010 included Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL via EbscoHost and CENTRAL. Experimental and observational studies, where exogenous vibration was an intervention, were included in this review. The main outcomes of interest were muscle blood volume, blood flow, blood flow velocity, arterial diameter and muscle temperature. One reviewer selected studies for inclusion, extracted data and assessed the quality of the eligible studies. Percentage change in muscle perfusion outcome was the measure of treatment effect, and regression analysis was used to investigate associations between vibratory load and muscle perfusion. Twenty‐two studies with a total of 302 participants were included in this review. Muscle blood volume increased with vibration in five of nine studies and decreased in two studies; muscle blood flow velocity increased with vibration in five of six studies; muscle blood flow increased with vibration in two of three studies; vibration had a positive effect on arterial diameter in three of three studies; vibration had no effect on muscle temperature in two of two studies. The magnitude of increase in muscle perfusion was positively associated with vibratory load (P<0·001). We conclude that vibration increases muscle perfusion with the magnitude of increase positively related to the vibratory load applied.
Effects of rotational tillage practices on soil structure, organic carbon concentration and crop yields in semi‐arid areas of northwest China
Authors: Hou X. Q. , Li R. , Jia Z. K. , Han Q. F. , Yang B. P. , Nie J. F. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractContinuous conventional tillage can cause serious soil degradation in rain‐fed agriculture, which reduces crop productivity. Adopting suitable tillage practices is very important for improving the soil and increasing crop productivity. Between 2007 and 2010, a 3‐year field study was conducted in semi‐arid areas of southern Ningxia, China, to determine the effects of rotational tillage practices on bulk density, soil aggregate, organic carbon concentration and crop yields. Three tillage treatments were tested: no‐tillage the first and third year and subsoiling the second year (NT/ST/NT); subsoiling the first and third year and no‐tillage the second year (ST/NT/ST); and conventional tillage each year (CT). A conventional tillage treatment was used as the control. Under the rotational tillage treatments, the mean soil bulk density at a depth of 0–60 cm was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased by 4.9% compared with CT, and with the best effect under ST/NT/ST. The soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration and aggregate size fractions and stability at 0–40 cm depth were significantly (P < 0.05) increased in rotational tillage treatments when compared with the conventional tillage, and the ST/NT/ST treatment produced the highest increases. Significant differences were detected in the SOC concentration in 2 to 0.25–mm size fractions at 0–30 cm depth between rotational tillage treatments and conventional tillage. Biomass and grain yield with the rotational tillage practices were significantly positively influenced over 3 years, and ST/NT/ST produced the highest average crop yields among the three treatments. Therefore, it was concluded that the application of rotational tillage with subsoiling every 2 years and no‐tillage every other year (ST/NT/ST) should be of benefit in promoting the development of dryland farming in semi‐arid areas of northwest China.
New occurrences of Ichniotherium and Striatichnium from the Lower Permian Kildare Capes Formation, Prince Edward Island, Canada: palaeoenvironmental and biostratigraphic implications
Authors: BRINK KIRSTIN S. , HAWTHORN JESSICA R. , EVANS DAVID C. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract:  Tracks and trackways of the vertebrate ichnotaxon Ichniotherium sphaerodactylum and a trace of the invertebrate ichnotaxon Striatichnium bromackerense are described for the first time in association outside of Europe. The tracks are identified as I. sphaerodactylum based on their characteristic rounded digit ends, the ovoid sole‐pad of the pedal imprint and the increase in digit lengths from digits I–IV, and the invertebrate trace is identifiable as S. bromackerense based on the band‐like systems of distally bifurcated striae. The tracks of I. sphaerodactylum are the largest known to date and represent rare evidence of large‐bodied terrestrial vertebrates in the Kildare Capes Formation of Prince Edward Island, Canada. Morphometric differences between ichnospecies of Ichniotherium and other ichnospecies previously collected from Prince Edward Island are examined in a multivariate analysis, and results suggest that the distance between the manus and pes of the same imprint pair, the width of pace and the length of certain digits is useful for species identification. The association between I. sphaerodactylum and S. bromackerense was previously known only from the Bromacker quarry, Tambach Formation, Germany, which is interpreted as a seasonally dry, semi‐arid upland environment. The co‐occurrence of these traces suggests that the Eldon locality of Prince Edward Island is similar in depositional environment to the Bromacker quarry in Germany, and allows for comparison of these two localities for the first time. As diadectids are thought to be the trackmakers of Ichniotherium, the Eldon locality of the Kildare Capes Formation may, with further work, be considered as another example of the rare, herbivore‐dominated palaeoenvironment, which is generally uncharacteristic of the Early Permian of North America.
A re‐evaluation of 9‐HODE activity at TRPV1 channels in comparison with anandamide: enantioselectivity and effects at other TRP channels and in sensory neurons
Authors: De Petrocellis Luciano , Schiano Moriello Aniello , Imperatore Roberta , Cristino Luigia , Starowicz Katarzyna , Di Marzo Vincenzo 
Published: August 2012

Background and PurposeTwo oxidation products of linoleic acid, 9‐ and 13‐hydroxy‐octadecadienoic acids (HODEs), have recently been suggested to act as endovanilloids, that is, endogenous agonists of transient receptor potential vanilloid‐1 (TRPV1) channels, thereby contributing to inflammatory hyperalgesia in rats. However, HODE activity at rat TRPV1 in comparison with the best established endovanilloid, anandamide, and its enantioselectivity and selectivity towards other TRP channels that are also abundant in sensory neurons have never been investigated.Experimental ApproachWe studied the effect of 9(R)‐HODE, 9(S)‐HODE, (+/–)13‐HODE, 15(S)‐hydroxyanandamide and anandamide on [Ca2+]i in HEK‐293 cells stably expressing the rat or human recombinant TRPV1, or rat recombinant TRPV2, TRPA1 or TRPM8, and also the effect of 9(S)‐HODE in rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons by calcium imaging.Key ResultsAnandamide and 15(S)‐hydroxyanandamide were the most potent endovanilloids at human TRPV1, whereas 9(S)‐HODE was approximately threefold less efficacious and 75‐ and 3‐fold less potent, respectively, and did not perform much better at rat TRPV1. The 9(R)‐HODE and (+/–)13‐HODE were almost inactive at TRPV1. Unlike anandamide and 15(S)‐hydroxyanandamide, all HODEs were very weak at desensitizing TRPV1 to the action of capsaicin, but activated rat TRPV2 [only (+/–)13‐HODE] and rat TRPA1, and antagonized rat TRPM8, at concentrations higher than those required to activate TRPV1. Finally, 9(S)‐HODE elevated [Ca2+]i in DRG neurons almost exclusively in capsaicin‐sensitive cells but only at concentrations between 25 and 100 μM.Conclusions and ImplicationsThe present data suggest that HODEs are less important endovanilloids than anandamide.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Cannabinoids. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2012.167.issue‐8
Glutaraldehyde erythropoietin protects kidney in ischaemia/reperfusion injury without increasing red blood cell production
Authors: Chattong S , Tanamai J , Kiatsomchai P , Nakatsu M , Sereemaspun A , Pimpha N , Praditpornsilpa K , Rojanathanes R , Sethpakadee A , Tungsanga K , Eiam‐Ong S , Manotham K 
Published: August 2012

Background and PurposeRecombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) is currently the mainstay of renal anaemia treatment. Recently, rHuEPO has been shown to provide pleiotrophic tissue protection in various pathological conditions. However, the benefits of rHuEPO beyond anaemia treatment are limited because it increases red blood cell mass. Carbamylated erythropoietin (CEPO) is the first rHuEPO derivative that lacks erythropoietic activity but retains tissue protection properties. Since carbamylation targets lysine residues on rHuEPo, we hypothesized that targeted lysine modifications of rHuEPO may result in a novel non‐erythropoietic erythropoietin.Experimental ApproachrHuEPO was subjected to various targeted lysine modifications. In vitro cytoprotection and apoptosis were evaluated using P19 and HEK293 cells. In vivo erythropoiesis was performed by administering the derivatives to animals for 2 weeks. Renoprotection was tested on an ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) model.Key ResultsWe synthesized a novel derivative, a glutaraldehyde erythropoietin (GEPO). This construct abolished in vivo erythropoiesis. Biochemical characterization showed that GEPO was more electrostatically negative than rHuEPO. Immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that GEPO bound to the IL3RB/EPOR heterotrimeric receptor and ameliorated cellular apoptosis via the activation of Bcl‐2. Notably, Bcl‐2 activation was suppressed by the JAK2 inhibitor, tyrphostin AG490. In vivo experiments showed that GEPO also ameliorated kidney damage due to I/R injury both functionally and histologically.Conclusions and ImplicationsHerein, we describe a novel lysine‐modified rHuEPO, glutaradehyde‐EPO (GEPO), obtained from a simple reaction. This derivative has no erythropoietic properties but retains cell‐protective characteristics both in vitro and in vivo, with promise for future use as an adjunctive treatment of kidney disease.
Analysis of human liver disease using a cluster of differentiation (CD) antibody microarray
Authors: Rahman Wassim , Huang Pauline , Belov Larissa , Chrisp Jeremy S. , Christopherson Richard I. , Stapelberg Peter M. , Warner Fiona J. , George Jacob , Bowen David G. , Strasser Simone I. , Koorey David , Sharland Alexandra F. , McCaughan Geoffrey W. , Shackel Nicholas A. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackgroundA CD antibody microarray has been previously developed allowing semi‐quantitative identification of greater than 80 CD antigens on circulating leucocytes from peripheral blood samples. This assay, which uses a live cell‐capture technique, enables an extensive leucocyte immunophenotype determination in a single analysis and to date this has been used successfully to characterise diseases including human leukaemias and HIV infection.AimsTo determine CD antigen expression profiles for patients with various liver diseases and to look for preserved disease‐specific signatures.MethodsThree liver disease groups including hepatitis C (HCV) (n = 35), non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) (n = 21) and alcohol‐related liver disease (n = 14) were compared with a normal group (n = 23). Hierarchal Clustering (HCL) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the data revealed distinct binding patterns for patients with and without cirrhosis.ResultsPatients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension compared with those without cirrhosis had significantly reduced expression of several markers of T‐cell function including CD45, CD8, CD28 and TCR α/β. Disease prediction algorithms based on the expression data were able to discriminate cirrhotics from non‐cirrhotics with 71% overall success, which improved to 77% when only patients with HCV were considered.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate disease‐specific consensus patterns of expression of CD antigens for patients with chronic liver disease, suggesting that the CD antibody array is a promising tool in the analysis of human liver disease, and with further refinement may have future research and clinical utility.
Cervical cancer incidence and mortality in Fiji 2003–2009
Authors: Kuehn Rebecca , Fong James , Taylor Richard , Gyaneshwar Rajanishwar , Carter Karen 
Published: August 2012

BackgroundPrevious studies indicate that cervical cancer is the second most frequent cancer and most common cause of cancer mortality among women in Fiji. There is little published data on the epidemiology of cervical cancer in Pacific countries.AimsTo determine the incidence 2003–2009 of, and mortality 2003–2008 from, cervical cancer by ethnicity and period in Fiji, identify evidence of secular change and relate these data to other Pacific countries, Australia and New Zealand.MethodsCounts of incident cervical cancer cases (2003–2009) and unit record mortality data (2003–2008) from the Fiji Ministry of Health were used to calculate age‐standardised (to the WHO World Population) cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates, and cervical or uterine cancer mortality rates, by ethnicity, with 95% confidence intervals. On the basis of comparison of cervical cancer mortality with cervical or uterine cancer mortality in Fiji with similar populations, misclassification of cervical cancer deaths is unlikely.ResultsThere is no evidence of secular change in cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates for the study period. For women of all ages and ethnicities, the age‐standardised incidence rate of cervical cancer (2003–2009) was 27.6 per 100 000 (95% CI 25.4–29.8) and the age‐standardised mortality rate (2003–2008) was 23.9 per 100 000 (95% CI 21.5–26.4). The mortality/incidence ratio was 87%. Fijians had statistically significant higher age‐standardised incidence and mortality rates than Indians. Fiji has one of the highest estimated rates of cervical cancer incidence and mortality in the Pacific region.ConclusionCervical cancer screening in Fiji needs to be expanded and strengthened.
Registrar interest in academic obstetrics and gynaecology: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: McDonald Andrea , Paterson Helen , Herbison Peter 
Published: August 2012

BackgroundNew Zealand has an urgent need to train and retain obstetrics and gynaecology academics, and postgraduate training pathways are being considered.AimsTo gauge registrar interest in an academic training position and an academic career; analyse the importance of various encouraging factors; and investigate how demographics, experience and encouragers may be associated with academic interest.MethodsAll obstetric and gynaecology registrars working in New Zealand were invited by their clinical directors to participate in an online survey in March–June 2011. Statistical analysis, using Fisher's Exact and chi‐squared tests, was used to investigate how demographic, experience and encourager variables were associated with academic interest.ResultsOf the 58 participants, 46 were women, 32 were New Zealand medical graduates and 43 were on the training program. Over half (54%) indicated they would consider a 1‐year rotating research/teaching position and 45% an academic career. The most important encouraging factors for academic work were interest, opportunity to balance clinical and academic roles, job flexibility (lifestyle and family) and a supportive academic environment. Women were nearly nine times more likely to consider academic training (OR 8.75, P = 0.007), and trainees were one‐third as likely to consider it compared to non‐trainees (OR 0.31, P = 0.073).ConclusionsNew Zealand has the unique ability to approach retention and training issues in a flexible and innovative manner which utilises international links. Clinical academic training positions should be set‐up with quality supervision and support similar pay scales and the opportunity for simultaneous part‐time clinical practice.
Phenotypic Effects of Cattle Mitochondrial DNA in American Bison
Authors: Derr James N. , Hedrick Philip W. , Halbert Natalie D. , Plough Louis , Dobson Lauren K. , King Julie , Duncan Calvin , Hunter David L. , Cohen Noah D. , Hedgecock Dennis 
Published: August 2012

AbstractHybridization between endangered species and more common species is a significant problem in conservation biology because it may result in extinction or loss of adaptation. The historical reduction in abundance and geographic distribution of the American plains bison (Bison bison bison) and their recovery over the last 125 years is well documented. However, introgression from domestic cattle (Bos taurus) into the few remaining bison populations that existed in the late 1800s has now been identified in many modern bison herds. We examined the phenotypic effect of this ancestry by comparing weight and height of bison with cattle or bison mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from Santa Catalina Island, California (U.S.A.), a nutritionally stressful environment for bison, and of a group of age‐matched feedlot bison males in Montana, a nutritionally rich environment. The environmental and nutritional differences between these 2 bison populations were very different and demonstrated the phenotypic effect of domestic cattle mtDNA in bison over a broad range of conditions. For example, the average weight of feedlot males that were 2 years of age was 2.54 times greater than that of males from Santa Catalina Island. In both environments, bison with cattle mtDNA had lower weight compared with bison with bison mtDNA, and on Santa Catalina Island, the height of bison with cattle mtDNA was lower than the height of bison with bison mtDNA. These data support the hypothesis that body size is smaller and height is lower in bison with domestic cattle mtDNA and that genomic integrity is important for the conservation of the American plains bison.Efectos Fenotípicos del ADN Mitocondrial de Ganado en el Bisonte Americano
Electroencephalographic criteria for nonconvulsive status epilepticus: Synopsis and comprehensive survey
Authors: Sutter Raoul , Kaplan Peter W. 
Published: August 2012

SummaryThere have been many attempts at defining the electroencephalography (EEG) characteristics of nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) without a universally accepted definition. This lack of consensus arises because the EEG expression of NCSE does not exist in isolation, but reflects status epilepticus under the variety of pathologic conditions that occur with age, cerebral development, encephalopathy, and epilepsy syndrome. Current NCSE definitions include “boundary conditions,” in which electroencephalographic seizure activity occurs without apparent clinical seizures. Furthermore, what appears to one interpreter as status epilepticus, is not to another reader, reflecting the “art” of EEG interpretation. Seizures and epilepsy syndromes have undergone an evolution that has moved beyond a classification of focal or generalized conditions into a syndromic approach. It seems appropriate to make similar changes in the EEG analysis of the syndromes of NCSE. In effect, the literature on epilepsy classification has progressed to incorporate the different NCSE types with clinical descriptions, but the specific EEG evidence for these types is found largely in individual reports, and often by description only. NCSE classification of EEG patterns should derive from the aggregate of published EEG patterns in the respective clinical subtype, supported by an analysis of these EEG studies. The analysis that follows presents clinical descriptions and EEG patterns of NCSE in the neonatal period, infancy, childhood, adulthood, and late adulthood from a syndromic perspective based on age, encephalopathy, cerebral development, etiology, and syndrome. Proceeding from the proposed classification of status epilepticus syndromes in “Status epilepticus: its clinical features and treatment in children and adults” (published in 1994 by Cambridge University Press, New York), we have performed a systematic search for reports presenting EEG patterns of NCSE using the online medical search engine PubMed for 22 different search strategies. EEG patterns were reviewed by two board‐certified epileptologists who reached consensus regarding presence of NCSE. From a total of 4,328 search results, 123 cases with corresponding EEG patterns could be allocated to underlying epilepsy syndromes. Typical characteristic, prominent electrographic patterns, and sequential arrangements are elucidated for the different NCSE syndromes. This compendium of patterns by NCSE syndrome classification with illustration of EEGs, and delineation of electroencephalographic features helps define the characteristics and semiologic borderlines among the types of NCSE.
Toward a Low Carbon–Dematerialization Society
Authors: Shi Feng , Huang Tao , Tanikawa Hiroki , Han Ji , Hashimoto Seiji , Moriguchi Yuichi 
Published: August 2012

SummaryRapid industrialization and urbanization has been occurring in China since the introduction of the opening‐up policy in 1978. The demands of building and infrastructure construction have increased rapidly, especially in the transportation and housing sectors in China. Large amounts of construction materials have been required in building construction and maintenance of the railway and road systems, especially steel and cement. Continued cement and steel production will require heavy raw material resource consumption and will emit a great deal of carbon dioxide (CO2). This study forecasts future steel and cement demand and related resource consumption and CO2 emissions for building and transportation infrastructure based on a material flow analysis of China. Furthermore, the effect of prolonging the lifetime of building and transportation infrastructure is appraised. The results indicate that building and transportation infrastructure will increase sharply through 2030. Although the demand for new construction will then decrease, steel and cement consumption will remain at a high level through 2050 because these are needed to maintain roads and railways. In addition, prolonging the lifetime of buildings and infrastructure is a useful way to avoid more raw material consumption and to mitigate CO2 emissions. However, its main effect is to decrease the demolition of buildings and reduce material use for the maintenance of roads and railways. Currently not enough countermeasures have been implemented to realize a low carbon–dematerialization society in the building and transportation construction sector. Future comprehensive efforts should include the reuse of waste construction material and a reduction in raw material consumption intensity by applying technical innovations.