bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of Warm Compresses in Typhoid Fever Children
Authors: Zaitun Zaitun , Yuliani S Ayu , Ameliya Feni 
Published: May 2024

School-age children are easily targeted for various diseases, especially gastrointestinal diseases because school-age children have not paid much attention to their health, including the snacks they eat. Digestive diseases that most often infect school-age children due to poor schoolchildren's snacks include typhoid fever. Typhoid fever is a disease caused by Salmonella Thypi bacteria. The priority of treatment in typhoid fever patients is hyperthermia management with the application of warm compresses that can help lower the body temperature of patients with typhoid fever. Purpose: From this case study, it is to help reduce body temperature against hyperthermy in school-age children with a medical diagnosis of typhoid fever at Arjawinangun Hospital Cirebon. Method: This scientific paper uses a descriptive qualitative design with the number of subjects as many as 2 respondents of school-age children with a medical diagnosis of typhoid fever who were given an intervention, namely a warm compress. Data collection techniques use interviews, observations and documentation studies. Conclusion: after the cooperative action, one experienced a temperature decrease of 1.1°C from 37.8°C to 36.7°C while patient 2 experienced a temperature decrease of 1.7°C from 38.3°C to 36.6°C. Suggestion: the patient's family can perform the very conflict act independently that has been taught by the nurse and in accordance with the standard operating instructions for warm compress procedures in the manual.
Investigation of Anthelmintic Property of Cow Urine Distillate on Ascaris and Trichuris eggs Isolated from Soil
Authors: Nisha Mehru , Yusri Ruziana , Chyang Pang Jyh 
Published: May 2024

Background: Helminth infection occurs due to contact with contaminated soils and poor hygiene practices. Even though there is immense progression in human medicine, infections that occur due to bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites persist as a crucial threat to public health. Over the years, many studies indicated cow urine has antimicrobial activity. Hence, this study looks into anthelminthic property of cow urine in Ascaris spp., and Trichuris spp., eggs. Methods: The soil sample was collected at the riverside, near the toilet area and at the pond area at an aborigine village in Malaysia. Next, floatation technique was used to isolate the helminth eggs and it was identified using a light microscope. The cow urine was prepared as raw cow urine (RCU), evaporated raw cow urine diluted with distilled water (ERCUD), evaporation raw cow urine diluted with saline (ERCUS) and evaporated filtered cow urine diluted with saline (EFCUS).Results: From the soil samples, mainly two types of helminths were found which were Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura. Evaporated cow urine diluted with saline showed the most prominent result in the destruction of helminth eggs.Conclusion: Evaporated cow urine possesses biochemical agents that can be used in the future as anthelmintic agents whereby further studies can be made to explore more possibilities to use cow urine as a potential anthelmintic agent.Keywords: Cow urine; Helminth eggs; Anthelmintic
Elucidating Severity of Waves of COVID-19 in Pakistan
Authors: Zia Rabia , Mumtaz Zilwa , Rahid Zubia , Ali Ashaq , Yousaf Muhammad Zubair 
Published: May 2024

Background: COVID-19 has radically changed the globe. This virus has a powerful impact on almost every country in the world. The most significant hurdle arises for the overall capacity of a disease control when the number of cases peaks during each wave of the pandemic. There are various waves that have occurred in the preceding period, each of them is characterized by a distinct variant of the virus. For a developing country like Pakistan COVID-19 ruins every sector of the country. There is a proper need for care and protection from this virus as guided by the World Health Organization (WHO). The spread rate is different in every country based on various factors. Two or more factors are required to trigger a high infection rate.Methods: The data sourced from the National Command and Operations Center (NCOC) was focused on analyzing the data from the four waves of COVID-19 in Pakistan encompassing reported cases, death and testing capacity. Utilizing the SPSS software, a comprehensive examination of these factors was performed.Results: The data of four waves has been analyzed including reported cases, no. of death, and testing capacity of the country. The data analysis reveals there is a strong correlation between these factors. By the interpretation of the data, it reveals upcoming waves are more dangerous than earlier due to new mutations.Conclusion: The virus is evolving to become more contagious and infectious in each consecutive wave. Vaccination should be considered compulsory for everyone to win the battle against the virus. Data analysis revealed a correlation between the number of cases and passage of time, showing that the new waves will emerge earlier and have a significant impact on the country.Keywords: COVID-19; Pakistan; Waves of COVID-19; Vaccination
Severity Assessment and IL-5 Evaluation after Immunotherapy in Atopic Dermatitis Mice
Authors: Anggraeni Sylvia , Triesayuningtyas Dinar Chieko , Luthfidyaningrum Hamidah , Hendaria Made Putri , Widia Yuri , Endaryanto Anang , Prakoeswa Cita Rosita Sigit 
Published: May 2024

Background: The effectiveness of immunotherapy in atopic dermatitis (AD) has been debated for many years. Immunotherapy suppresses Th2 cytokines, such as IL-5, which play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AD. This study assessed the effect of immunotherapy on severity and IL-5 expression in AD mice.Methods: Male BALB/c mice were separated into three groups. The mice were sensitized with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus allergen for seven days, except the mice in control group. The house dust mite (HDM) immunotherapy was injected subcutaneously every 3 days for 1.5 months with increasing doses (0.1, 1, 10, 100 μg in 100 μL PBS) every 4 injections. The mice in AD model and control group received placebo injections. Following immunotherapy, the mice were exposed to HDM allergen patch two times with 2 weeks interval in between. The mice were evaluated for severity score as the clinical marker and IL-5 expression with semiquantitative method as the histological marker.Results: The evaluation of severity score from two independent researchers showed a substantial agreement (Cohen’s kappa 0.613, p <0.001). The severity score of the immunotherapy group was significantly lower than the AD model group, while both immunotherapy and AD model group had significantly higher score than control group. IL-5 expression in the immunotherapy group was lower than the AD model group and slightly higher than control group. The mean difference between groups was not significant.Conclusion: The severity of skin lesion and IL-5 expression in AD mice receiving immunotherapy were lower than AD model group.Keywords: Atopic dermatitis; BALB/c mice; House dust mites; IL-5, Skin severity score; Tropical disease
Protective immune response of recombinant Fiber-2 protein as subunit vaccine against Fowl-adenovirus-4 infection in Pakistan
Authors: Ather Faiza , Zia Muhammad Ashir , Shah Muhammad Salahuddin , Habib Mudasser 
Published: May 2024

Background: Hydropericardium Syndrome (HPS) has emerged as a major viral disease of poultry industry causing huge economic losses in the recent past years. Its etiological agent, Fowl adenovirus-4 (FAdV-4) has been reported in the various countries including Pakistan. Various strategies including inactivated vaccines, are being devised to control the disease since its appearance. Subunit vaccines based on viral structural proteins have demonstrated more promising protection against FAdV-4 infection than commercial inactivated vaccines. Among different viral structural proteins, Fiber protein (mainly Fiber-2) has been as a suitable candidate for developing the recombinant subunit vaccine against HPS.Methods: Considering the importance of the Fiber-2 gene, the pET28a expression vector was utilized to clone its open reading frame, which was subsequently expressed as an oligo-histidine tagged fusion protein in BL21 cells of Escherichia coli via the IPTG induction method. The expressed recombinant fiber-2 protein was purified using nickel (Ni2+) affinity chromatography and used as a subunit vaccine in broiler birds following challenge with pathogenic FAdV-4 isolate. The immunological response was evaluated using ELISA.Results: The gene for the Fiber-2 protein was effectively cloned and expressed as a soluble 60 kDa protein, as detected by SDS-PAGE and western blot analysis. The protective efficacy of subunit vaccine was assessed by ELISA which showed the highest protection (80%) against the virus challenge than that of commercial inactivated vaccine (70%).Conclusion: The recombinant fiber-2 protein was determined to be a good option for a recombinant subunit vaccination to control HPS.Keywords: Poultry; Fowl-adenovirus-4; Subunit vaccine
Gene Expression Profiling to Predict Prognostic Biomarkers for Relapse in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Elahi Sana , Fazal Sahar 
Published: May 2024

Background: Multiple myeloma (MM), an incurable malignancy of plasma cells (PCs), is the second most common hematological cancer caused primarily by structural variations (chromosomal aberrations and somatic mutations). The majority of the patients acquired resistance against standard therapeutic approaches for MM and experienced relapse despite the continuous advances in MM therapies.Methods: We performed Differential Gene Expression (DGE), literature mining and SNV analysis of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) data of Newly Diagnosed MM (NDMM) and Relapsed/Refractory MM (RRMM). The selected Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) were subjected to functional enrichment and pathway analysis. Immune cells infiltration analysis was also performed to estimate immune cells variations in the Tumor Microenvironment (TME) of RRMM. Result: CSF1R, VCAN, NRP1, COL22A1, BPI, BIRC5, MNX1, FAT1, ERG, TCL1A, AFF3 were selected after DGE, literature mining and SNV analysis. The functional enrichment of these DEGs showed significant enrichment for positive regulation of cell population proliferation, serene/threonine kinase activity, endothelial cell proliferation, cytokine binding, G protein activity and GDP binding, whereas KEGG pathway analysis revealed vital role of PI3K-Akt signaling pathway along with various cancer pathways. The immune cells infiltration analysis revealed the higher count of neutrophils and lesser level of T cells (CD8+) in TME of RRMM. Conclusion: Our study suggests that neutrophils play an important role in modulation of TME in RRMM. The selected DEGs have previously been identified in progression, drug resistance and relapse of various cancers. The role of these biomarkers in RRMM has not been explored yet. Therefore, neutrophils, selected DEGs and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway are potential targets to investigate in RRMM.Keywords: Multiple Myeloma; Relapse; Differential Expression; Immune Cell Infiltration; Literature Mining
In-vitro study on antioxidant status of Zinc NPs and crude extract of Ayurvedic herbal formulation
Authors: Alsadooni Jaafar Faez Kadhim , Khudhair Sura Razzaq 
Published: May 2024

Background: To create and evaluate cutting-edge therapeutic composition on biosynthesized nanoparticles exhibiting varied biological activity, nanotechnology is a novel and forward-thinking method. Increased antioxidant activity decreased toxicity to free radicals as well as cancer cells, and other benefits are achieved carefully by regulating the form and nanoparticle dimensions.Methods: Nanostructures biosynthesized utilizing Liv-Pro-08 AHF showed a strong antioxidant effect. The creation of novel and more efficient antioxidants may benefit from the usage of nanoparticles. It is noteworthy that the resulting nanoparticles exhibit more biological processes than the extract. This research aims to calculate if there are any noticeable differences in the behaviour of leaf extracts and the many nanomaterials obtained from the aqueous-based separation of Liv-Pro-08 Ayurveda herbal-based formulations.Results: Several in-vitro free radical scavenging experiments were used to determine whether or not Liv-pro-08 nanoparticles possessed any antioxidant properties. Zinc nanoparticles generated from Liv-pro-08 ayurvedic formulation demonstrated dose-dependent suppression of DPPH, as well as concentration-dependent lowering power potential, indicating that the nanomaterials contain free radical scavenging capability to produce the antioxidant effect.Conclusion: Nanoparticles might be useful for the development of newer and more potent antioxidants. It is worth mentioning that the resultant nanoparticles possess an elevated biological activity in comparison to the extract. The data represented in our study contribute to a novel and unexplored area of nano materials as alternative medicine.Keywords: Antioxidants; Biosynthesis; Leaf extract; Liv-pro-08; Zinc
Isolation and Purification Glycyrrhizic acid and Determination of the Biological Activate Against Microbial Pathogens
Authors: Al-Kubaise Ayat Abdaljabar , Al-Shahwany Ayyad W. 
Published: May 2024

Background: The World Health Organization estimates that 80% of the world's population uses plant extracts or their active components in traditional therapies. Recently, there has been a lot of interest in the quest for new antioxidant and antibacterial plant-based medications. Additionally, Glycyrrhiza glabra is a popular food flavoring and sweetening ingredient.Methods: This work was to isolate and purify licorice root's glycyrrhizin acid (GA) and investigate its antimicrobial properties against S. aureus and K. pneumoniae were isolated from urine , blood, wounds, ear water, sewage, soil, and water, totaling 12 isolates of each kind, Analytical method for the measurement of Glycyrrhizic acid from the root extract that has been suitably supported by a mass spectroscopic analysis.Results: The result showed the effects of GA with different concentrations on S. aureus and. K. pneumoniae. Obviously, the MIC range value was in concentration between 18.75 to 37.5 % for S. aureus isolates, and 4.68 to 75 for K. pneumoniae isolates. The result indicated that GA reduced the metabolic activity of cells in biofilm on S. aureus and K. pneumoniae with an inhibition percentageConclusion: GA may have an effect on cell membrane permeability, biofilm formation, and efflux activity, which inhibits bacterial growth.Keywords: Glycyrrhizin acid; Staphylococcus aureus; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Antibiotic; Biofilm
Immobilization of lipase enzyme extracted from thermophilic Bacillus licheniformis 14T local isolate
Authors: Khudhair Saad Hussein , Mohammed Melad Khalaf , Jabbar Ahmed Darweesh 
Published: May 2024

Background: Currently, lipase enzymes are considered important bio-catalysts in many industries due to their unique properties in catalyzing various types of reactions in aqueous solutions. By targeting hydrocarbons in the oil, lipase enzymes contribute to the breakdown of hydrocarbons, reducing the environmental impact of oil spills and facilitating the remediation of contaminated areas.Methods: A thermostable lipase from local isolate Bacillus licheniformis 14T has been immobilized on four different supports that include the inactivated chitosan beads, activated chitosan beads with glutaraldehyde, inactivated chitosan-alginate beads, and activated chitosan-alginate beads with glutaraldehyde.Results The purified free lipase enzyme exhibited the highest enzymatic activity at 34.6 units/ml, surpassing all immobilized enzymes. Specific activity increased to 96.25 and 79.03 unit/mg protein for activated chitosan beads and activated chitosan-alginate beads, while decreasing to 52.95 and 46.05 unit/mg protein for inactivated chitosan beads and inactivated chitosan-alginate beads compared to the free enzyme. Optimal conditions for the immobilized enzyme differed, with the highest enzyme activity achieved after 60 minutes at 60°C and pH 8, reaching 48.6, 70.23, 43.12, and 61.2 units/ml on various supports, contrasting with the free enzyme's peak activity after 30 minutes at 50°C and pH 7.Conclusions: Immobilizing the lipase enzyme increases the specific activity of the immobilized enzyme on the supports of activated chitosan beads with, also the immobilization process led to a change in the optimal conditions for the activity of the immobilized enzyme compared with the optimal conditions of free enzyme.Keywords: Lipase; Bacillus licheniformis; Immobilization; Chitosan; Alginate
Microbial Contamination and Antibiotic Resistance in Food and Water: Assessing the Threat of Staphylococcus aureus in Lahore Metropolitan
Authors: Pervaiz Gulnaz , Samra Zahoor Qadir , Hussain Amina , Hussain Aroosha , Javaid Fareeha 
Published: May 2024

Background: The research project in Lahore, Pakistan, seeks to detect S. aureus in drinking water, raw milk, and yogurt samples due to health concerns. S. aureus is a pathogenic bacterium with potential risks if present in food and water sources.Method: In this study, 300 samples of raw milk, yogurt, and drinking water were collected in Lahore. The presence of S. aureus was determined through morphological, microscopic, and biochemical methods. The biochemical analysis included testing for specific features of S. aureus. Disk diffusion technology was employed to assess the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates, following the recommendations of the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute. Molecular confirmation was achieved through 16S rRNA sequence analysis using universal and specific primers.Results: The investigation uncovered that 6% of drinking water samples, 9% of yogurt samples and 58% of raw milk samples were tainted with S. aureus. These findings were further validated through 16S rRNA sequence analysis, affirming their reliability. S. aureus exhibited notable resistance rates, with 100% resistance to penicillin and 95% resistance to erythromycin. Conversely, resistance to ciprofloxacin and gentamicin was lower, at 10% and 5% each, indicating the potential efficacy of these antibiotics in treating S. aureus infections.Conclusion: The study emphasizes the risk of S. aureus infection from raw milk consumption in Lahore, Pakistan, due to inadequate sanitary practices. It stresses the necessity of implementing stricter measures in dairy production and water treatment to ensure public safety and reduce multidrug-resistant bacteria prevalence. Continuous monitoring and preventive actions are vital for safeguarding public health.Keywords: S. aureus; Antibiotic resistance; Food and water; Lahore, Pakistan; Sanitary measures
Hematological effects for rabbits immunized by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis sonicated antigen
Authors: Razook Basil R. F. , Abdulkareem Mariam Hamdi , Mohammed Ansam Khalid 
Published: May 2024

Background: Analyzing Hematological parameters is usually in use to monitor various circumstances such as infection, inflammation and anemia. For that we studied blood parameters which are in touch with immunized laboratory animals (rabbits) after immunizing these animals with Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis then used an adjuvant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to stimulate the immune response cells after 2 to 3 weeks of immunization. Different concentrations were used to examine the effect on the animals’ blood parameters changing.Methods: Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis bacterium was used at current study for evaluating the effect of immunizing laboratory rabbits with two different immune stimulators working together as adjuvant on the blood picture with the aid of 12 breed rabbits from different genders, dividing them at the base of inoculation with pre-killed and sonicated cells of bacteria (antigens) onto 4 categories as following: the group-1 members of rabbits were injected with the antigen, group-2 and group-3 included rabbits injected with the two inoculations at various concentrations; final group, group-4 was the control group.Results: Thus, white blood cells known to be our main line of defenses act firstly in our body towards different infecting microorganisms, their count always was increased through the immunization correlated with other measured parameters. From the results we can see that the lymphocytes percentage had no alteration between the infected and the immunized compared to control group, while the percentage of MID that refers to the monocytes was at the same range in both infected and the immunized control rabbit’s groups. Granulocyte cells percentage, which is including heterophilic, basophilic and eosinophilic cells, was significantly decreased (P>0.05) compared with control at all groups.Conclusion: We conclude that C. pseudotuberculosis might function as a potent immunogen to notice the complete blood picture variations.Keywords: Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Sonicated antigen; Blood parameters; Blood picture; Adjuvant
Evaluation of the effectiveness of coniferous-phytogenic feed additives in case of eimeriosis infestation in calves
Authors: Korotkiy Vasily , Skornyakova Olga , Leukhina Victoria , Sadykov Evgeny , Ryzhov Viktor 
Published: May 2024

Background: Eimeriosis in calves, often treated with harsh chemicals, leads to significant health and economic burdens. This study explores natural coniferous-phytogenic feed additives as an innovative solution, focusing on their efficacy against Eimeria bovis and Eimeria ellipsoidalis, two common eimeriosis pathogens in calves.Methods: The authors conducted experiments to analyze the therapeutic and preventive effectiveness of the use of a coniferous-phytogenic immunomodulator in the diet of calves from 5-7 days of age and a coniferous and salicylic acid feed additive from 28-30 days of age in case of eimeriosis infestation at a dose of 5.0, 10.0, and 15.0 ml, once a day, in courses of 2 weeks without intervals with a small amount of warm water.Results: The extensivity of the coniferous and salicylic acid feed additive against the eimeriosis infestation in calves caused by E. bovis showed maximum result. Both preparations were willingly consumed by calves and eliminated the signs of diarrheal dyspeptic syndrome and gastroenteritis. The inclusion of coniferous-phytogenic feed additives in the calves' diet from 5-7 days of age once a day, in courses of 2 weeks without intervals, contributed to 100% effectiveness against E. bovis and E. ellipsoidalis.Conclusion: The study concludes that coniferous-phytogenic feed additives are highly effective in treating and preventing eimeriosis in calves, showing 100% effectiveness against the targeted pathogens. These additives also contribute to the overall health and well-being of the animals by alleviating related symptoms.Keywords: Calves; Calf Pen; Eimeriosis; Coniferous-Phytogenic Feed Additives; Efficiency