bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analgesia and sedation after pediatric cardiac surgery
Authors: Wolf Andrew R. , Jackman Lara 
Published: December 2010

SummaryIn recent years, the importance of appropriate intra‐operative anesthesia and analgesia during cardiac surgery has become recognized as a factor in postoperative recovery. This includes the early perioperative management of the neonate undergoing radical surgery and more recently the care surrounding fast‐track and ultra fast‐track surgery. However, outside these areas, relatively little attention has focused on postoperative sedation and analgesia within the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). This reflects perceived priorities of the primary disease process over the supporting structure of PICU, with a generic approach to sedation and analgesia that can result in additional morbidities and delayed recovery. Management of the marginal patient requires optimisation of not only cardiac and other attendant pathophysiology, but also every aspect of supportive care. Individualized sedation and analgesia strategies, starting in the operating theater and continuing through to hospital discharge, need to be regarded as an important aspect of perioperative care, to speed the process of recovery.
Trends of e‐learning research from 2000 to 2008: Use of text mining and bibliometrics
Authors: Hung Jui‐long 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis study investigated the longitudinal trends of e‐learning research using text mining techniques. Six hundred and eighty‐nine (689) refereed journal articles and proceedings were retrieved from the Science Citation Index/Social Science Citation Index database in the period from 2000 to 2008. All e‐learning publications were grouped into two domains with four groups/15 clusters based on abstract analysis. Three additional variables: subject areas, prolific countries and prolific journals were applied to data analysis and data interpretation. Conclusions include that e‐learning research is at the early majority stage and foci have shifted from issues of the effectiveness of e‐learning to teaching and learning practices. Educational studies and projects and e‐learning application in medical education and training are growing fields with the highest potential for future research. Approaches to e‐learning differ between leading countries and early adopter countries, and government policies play an important role in shaping the results.
Promoting positive parenting practices in primary pare: Outcomes and mechanisms of change in a randomized controlled risk reduction trial
Authors: REEDTZ CHARLOTTE , HANDEGÅRD BJØRN HELGE , MØRCH WILLY‐TORE 
Published: December 2010

Reedtz, C., Handegård, B.H. & Mørch, W.‐T. (2011). Promoting positive parenting practices in primary pare: Outcomes and mechanisms of change in a randomized controlled risk reduction trial. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 52, 131–137.The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether a short parent‐training program (PT) reduces risk factors related to development of childhood socio‐emotional and behavior problems in a non‐clinical community sample. Data were obtained from parents in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) on PT for children aged 2 to 8 years (N = 186) at pre‐intervention, post‐intervention and one‐year‐follow up. There were significant differences in the changes in the two groups, with reductions in harsh parenting and child behavior problems, an enhancement of positive parenting and of the parents’ sense of competence in the intervention group. The effects on parenting and parents’ satisfaction all lasted through one‐year follow up. Our findings suggests that a shortened version of a well‐structured parenting intervention, The Incredible Years program, implemented in primary care at community level, reduces harsh parenting and strengthens positive parenting and parents’ sense of competence, as reported by the parents. Issues related to a public health approach to promote positive parenting are discussed.
Evaluation of apoptosis regulatory markers in androgenetic alopecia
Authors: El‐Domyati Moetaz , Attia Sameh , Saleh Fatma , Bassyouni Mohamed , Barakat Manal , Abdel‐Wahab Hossam 
Published: December 2010

SummaryBackground  Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a common androgen‐induced progressive disorder; the pathways of which are regulated by local genetic codes and hormonal control. Meanwhile, it is unclear whether an altered proliferation or increased apoptosis could contribute to its pathogenesis.Aims  To evaluate the role of some apoptosis regulatory markers and follicular proliferation in the pathogenesis of AGA.Patients/Methods  Thirty biopsies were taken from the frontal (bald) area and occipital (hair‐bearing) area of 15 male patients with AGA, as well as five specimens from the frontal area of five age‐matched controls. The biopsies were stained with apoptosis regulatory markers (Bcl‐2, p53, Bax & Fas) and PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen), as well as TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end‐labeling) staining for the detection of DNA fragmentation in apoptotic cells.Results  Bcl‐2 expression was localized to epidermal basal layer and follicular dermal papilla with highly significant correlation with PCNA expression (P < 0.001). Perifollicular lymphocytic infiltrate of the bald area showed significant expression of Bcl‐2. However, pro‐apoptotic Bax and Fas were expressed in the epidermis and not in the hair follicles which does not show any apoptotic keratinocytes by TUNEL staining.Conclusion  The low proliferation rate in the bald area of patients, together with persistent perifollicular inflammatory infiltrate as evidenced by the anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 expression in dermal lymphocytes, would result in follicular miniaturization and fibrosis.
A European evaluation of cosmetic treatment of facial volume loss with Juvéderm™ Voluma™ in patients previously treated with Restylane Sub‐Q™
Authors: Fischer Tanja C 
Published: December 2010

SummaryBackground  Juvéderm™ VOLUMA™ (Voluma) is a new injectable, long‐lasting, resorbable hyaluronic acid filler. It restores facial volume, resulting in a more youthful appearance.Aims  To evaluate current in‐market perceptions of the aesthetic result and use of Voluma.Patients/methods  Men and women >30 years who had received Restylane SubQ™ (Restylane) <2 years previously, now requiring re‐treatment and who consented to Voluma treatment were included.Results  Eighty‐four patients (mean age 51 years, 88% women) were recruited. The mean total volume of Voluma injected was 2.73 mL/patient. This included treatment to both sides of the face, specifically in the malar and chin areas or both (mean 1.36 mL each to the right and left sides of the face). Seventy‐five percent of injectors found Voluma fairly/very easy to inject and 84.5% found it easy to sculpt/massage. Most patients (98%) and physicians (98%) rated the aesthetic effect of Voluma as improved. Injectors rated Voluma as better than previous Restylane use in 69.1% of patients (P < 0.001), and preference for Voluma was expressed in 61% of patients (P < 0.001). Ninety‐nine percent of injectors would recommend Voluma to colleagues and patients (100%); 96.4% of patients would recommend it to friends. Treatment was well tolerated.Conclusions  Voluma is easy to use, sculpt, and massage. Physicians and patients rated the cosmetic effects highly, and both groups reported a preference for Voluma in those patients previously treated with Restylane.
Nonablative fractional laser resurfacing in Asian skin – a review
Authors: Sachdeva Silonie 
Published: December 2010

SummarySkin resurfacing has been a part of cosmetic dermatology for more than two decades now, and most of it has been ablative with traditional aggressive lasers including the CO2 and erbium. The last few years have seen a revolutionary change with the invention of nonablative lasers for skin tightening. Fractional resurfacing is a new concept of cutaneous remodeling whereby laser‐induced zones of microthermal injury are surrounded by normal untreated tissue that helps in quicker healing. The various wavelengths used are 1320, 1440, and 2940 nm with depth of penetration ranging from 25 μ to 1.2 mm. This article reviews the history of nonablative fractional laser resurfacing, its indications, contraindications, and a review of use in Asian skin with Fitzpatrick type III–VI.
Exogenous ochronosis – a diagnostic challenge
Authors: Tan Siak‐Khim (SK) 
Published: December 2010

SummaryExogenous ochronosis has been reported worldwide following long‐term application of skin‐lightening creams that contain hydroquinone, phenol or resorcinol. This report documents six patients presenting in Singapore with greatly differing facial dyschromias and discusses the diagnostic difficulties.
High‐power diode laser use on Fordyce granule excision: a case report
Authors: Baeder Fernando M , Pelino Jose E P , De Almeida Eliete R , Duarte Danilo A , Santos Maria T B R 
Published: December 2010

SummaryBackground  Fordyce granules are conventionally considered to be a developmental oral lesion with a higher incidence in men.Objective  To report a clinical case of surgical lip Fordyce granule excision in a 19‐year‐old male.Methods  Fordyce granules were excised using a high‐power diode laser (gallium arsenide [GaAs], Diode Vision®, MDL, 10 Dental Laser Unit, GmbH, Lower Saxony, Germany) with wavelength emission at 980 ± 10 nm, in a continuous wave mode, pulse width of 0.5 μs, fiber optic delivery system of 400 μm in diameter, at 2.5 W. Subsequently, low‐intensity laser therapy was applied (gallium‐aluminum‐arsenide [GaAlAs], at 670 nm, 50 mW, at 4 J/cm2; Dentoflex®, São Paulo, Brazil] in order to stimulate a faster wound tissue–healing process and less postoperative pain and inflammation.Conclusion  The excellent esthetic result demonstrated the effectiveness of both high‐ and low‐intensity laser therapy on the excision of Fordyce granules.
Finasteride‐induced depression: new insights into possible pathomechanisms
Authors: Römer Benedikt , Gass Peter 
Published: December 2010

Summary5‐alpha‐reductase is involved as a rate‐imitating enzyme in the metabolism of steroids. Several 5‐alpha‐reduced steroids such as dihydrotestosterone, allopregnanolone or tetrahydrocorticosterone have neurotrophic, neuroprotective, and anxiolytic properties. Reduced 5‐alpha‐reductase activity has been observed during depressive illness in humans. Finasteride inhibits 5‐alpha‐reductase and can robustly induce anxious and depressive behaviors in rodents. In humans finasteride treatment has been linked to an increase of depressive symptoms. A recent study reported that finasteride treatment inhibits hippocampal neurogenesis in mice. As hippocampal neurogenesis has been linked to emotional behavior, this could be of possible relevance for the pathophysiology of affective disorders. Further studies are needed to evaluate potential neuropsychiatric side effects of finasteride treatment in humans.
Gender and History of the Postbellum U.S. South
Authors: Oglesby Catherine 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAlthough gender as a category of analysis has been largely accepted in the discipline of history for its valuable insights, such acceptance was not without resistance. The difficulty of understanding how gender applies in all historical situations impeded early endorsement. In this article, I examine works of historians writing on the postbellum U.S. South, a time and place when all social and political relations were especially volatile and in flux. The chosen works reveal the ways gender has collapsed the divide between public and private, between social and political history, divisions that have defied resolution. They also provided a foundation for studies on the Civil War, Reconstruction, and Jim Crow, which followed.
Hyponatremia and Hypokalemia in Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Zanger Ron 
Published: December 2010

AbstractHypokalemia occurs in up to 60% of patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) for end‐stage renal disease. It can be associated with poor clinical outcomes, including malnutrition and death. New evidence points to a link between hypokalemia and the risk of peritonitis. The serum Na+ concentration is determined by the ratio of exchangeable Na+ and K+ to total body water. Hyponatremia may be caused by excessive thirst, a particular problem in patients on PD. Consistent with the relationship among the serum sodium concentration, total body cation content, and total body water, hyponatremia may also be caused by total body potassium depletion. Ultra‐low sodium dialysis fluid may prove to have an important role in management of fluid overload and hypertension in patients on PD. Surprisingly, it is not associated with significant hyponatremia, for reasons that remain to be elucidated.
Acral persistent papular mucinosis: a case report and literature review
Authors: Luo Di‐Qing , Wu Liang‐Cai , Liu Jun‐Hua , Zhang Hai‐Yan 
Published: December 2010

SummaryAcral persistent papular mucinosis is a rare subtype of localized lichen myxedematosus. It shows symmetric, asymptomatic, chronic, ivory to flesh‐colored, 2–5 mm sized papules arranged on the dorsa of the hands and extensor aspects of the distal forearms. Thirty‐two cases including two from China, appear to fit the proposed diagnostic criteria. We report a 31‐year‐old Chinese woman who presented with papules on the extensor aspects of her hands and distal forearms. Histopathology revealed a circumscribed area in the upper and mid reticular dermis with splaying of collagen fibers caused by amorphous deposits. The material was mucin, as it stained positively with alcian blue at pH 2.5. The thyroid profile was normal, and there was no evidence for lupus erythematous. The lesions were treated with electrofulguration and resolved leaving mild scars; there has been no recurrence at follow‐up after one year. We also review the literature on this rare form of mucinosis.
Issues in the Analysis of Chinese Tone
Authors: Zhang Jie 
Published: December 2010

AbstractChinese tone has played an important role in the development of phonological theory from distinctive features and autosegmental phonology to Optimality Theory and its various adaptations. This article reviews some past and current issues in the analysis of Chinese tone and points out how the development of theoretical phonology has shaped the highs and lows of this research enterprise. To fruitfully proceed into the future, I plead to phonologists working in this area to cultivate a new respect for empirical data based on well‐designed phonetic and psycholinguistic studies. This is necessitated by the observations that speakers’ knowledge of tone and tone sandhi may not be identical to their patterns in the lexicon, and impressionistic transcriptions, no matter how careful, can be inaccurate. Moreover, patterns of tone in Chinese are rich in variation, gradience, and exceptions due to dialectal contact and the influence from the dominant Standard Chinese, and existing research has shown that the productivity of Chinese tone sandhi patterns is influenced by both categorical factors such as phonological opacity and gradient factors such as the phonetic nature and the frequency of usage of the sandhi. An empirical basis built around these issues will allow the study of Chinese tone to make continued contributions to the development of phonological theory and our understanding of speakers’ phonological knowledge.
The Built Environment of Higher Education and Research: Architecture and the Expectation of Innovation
Authors: Van Heur Bas 
Published: December 2010

AbstractInformed by the belief that higher education and research (HER) plays an important role in knowledge‐based innovation, the last decade in particular has seen a flurry of building activity in cities around the world. This has led to many new or restructured urban campuses and buildings dedicated in particular to supporting interactions between researchers, firm members and/or citizens which, in turn, are seen to contribute to urban and regional innovation. This article, first of all, briefly describes a few concrete examples of HER buildings to illustrate the expectations surrounding these built environments. This is followed by a more extensive analysis of three bodies of literature that study the production and use of HER buildings: (i) research on universities and real estate development, (ii) urban and regional studies on the role of HER institutes in generating human and social capital and (iii) science and technology studies on architecture and spaces of science. A concluding section points to some of the limitations of and possible productive interactions between these three strands. It argues that there is a major need for comparative synthetic research that can: evaluate finished and ongoing building projects; analyse the actual interactions between researchers, firm members and/or citizens in and as a result of these buildings; and provide concrete suggestions for the improvement of future HER buildings.
SpedeSTEM: a rapid and accurate method for species delimitation
Authors: ENCE DANIEL D. , CARSTENS BRYAN C. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe describe a software package (SpedeSTEM) that allows researchers to conduct a species delimitation analysis using intraspecific genetic data. Our method operates under the assumption that a priori information regarding group membership is available, for example that samples are drawn from some number of described subspecies, races or distinct morphotypes. SpedeSTEM proceeds by calculating the maximum likelihood species tree from all hierarchical arrangements of the sampled alleles and uses information theory to quantify the model probability of each permutation. SpedeSTEM is tested here against empirical and simulated data; results indicate that evolutionary lineages that diverged as few as 0.5N generations in the past can be validated as distinct using sequence data from little as five loci. This work enables speciation investigations to identify lineages that are evolutionarily distinct and thus have the potential to form new species before these lineages acquire secondary characteristics such as reproductive isolation or morphological differentiation that are commonly used to define species.
Functional interactions between OCA2 and the protein complexes BLOC‐1, BLOC‐2, and AP‐3 inferred from epistatic analyses of mouse coat pigmentation
Authors: Hoyle Diego J. , Rodriguez‐Fernandez Imilce A. , Dell’Angelica Esteban C. 
Published: December 2010

SummaryThe biogenesis of melanosomes is a multistage process that requires the function of cell‐type‐specific and ubiquitously expressed proteins. OCA2, the product of the gene defective in oculocutaneous albinism type 2, is a melanosomal membrane protein with restricted expression pattern and a potential role in the trafficking of other proteins to melanosomes. The ubiquitous protein complexes AP‐3, BLOC‐1, and BLOC‐2, which contain as subunits the products of genes defective in various types of Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome, have been likewise implicated in trafficking to melanosomes. We have tested for genetic interactions between mutant alleles causing deficiency in OCA2 (pink‐eyed dilution unstable), AP‐3 (pearl), BLOC‐1 (pallid), and BLOC‐2 (cocoa) in C57BL/6J mice. The pallid allele was epistatic to pink‐eyed dilution, and the latter behaved as a semi‐dominant phenotypic enhancer of cocoa and, to a lesser extent, of pearl. These observations suggest functional links between OCA2 and these three protein complexes involved in melanosome biogenesis.
Molecular Targets in Meningococci: Efficient Routine Characterization and Optimal Outbreak Investigation in Conjunction with Routine Surveillance of the Meningococcal Group B Vaccine Candidate, fHBP
Authors: Lucidarme Jay , Newbold Lynne S. , Findlow Jamie , Gilchrist Stefanie , Gray Stephen J. , Carr Anthony D. , Hewitt James , Kaczmarski Edward B. , Borrow Ray 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT

In 2007, recommendations were proposed for the molecular typing of meningococci. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was recommended to guide national and international disease management and facilitate studies of population biology and evolution. Sequencing of
porA
variable regions (VRs) 1 and 2 and the
fetA
VR was recommended for monitoring antigenic distribution and investigating potential outbreaks.
porB
characterization was recommended if further resolution was required. Several investigational “group B” meningococcal vaccines, including two in the advanced stages of development, incorporate factor H-binding protein (fHBP). The requirement for routine surveillance of
fhbp
places additional pressure on reference laboratories, both financially and in terms of labor. This study investigated the optimal and most efficient molecular typing schemes for (i) routine meningococcal characterization and (ii) the investigation of potential outbreaks, in conjunction with routine surveillance of
fhbp.
All invasive disease isolates received by the Health Protection Agency Meningococcal Reference Unit between July 2007 and June 2008 (
n
= 613) were characterized in terms of capsular group,
porA
,
fetA
VR,
fhbp
, and sequence type (ST). Following capsular grouping and
porA
genosubtyping, several predominant capsular group-
porA
combinations were identified. The levels of additional resolution afforded by
fetA
and
fhbp
were comparable and partially complementary.
fhbp
constitutes an effective substitute for
fetA
as a routine marker of antigenic distribution, thereby reducing costs in conjunction with
fhbp
surveillance. MLST afforded markedly superior resolution overall and is the optimal scheme for investigating outbreaks in which (i) typing data are unavailable for the index case or (ii) the index case possesses a known, predominant capsular group-
porA
repertoire.
Comparison of Two Commercial Molecular Assays to a Laboratory-Developed Molecular Assay for Diagnosis of Clostridium difficile Infection
Authors: Karre Tess , Sloan Lynne , Patel Robin , Mandrekar Jayawant , Rosenblatt Jon 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT

We compared two commercial PCR assays, the Prodesse ProGastro CD assay and the BD GeneOhm Cdiff assay, with a laboratory-developed
Clostridium difficile
toxin PCR assay with previously established performance characteristics. Results of all methods were in agreement for 333 (96%) of 346 stool specimens. No significant difference in performance among the assays was found (
P
values, >0.05).
Rickettsia typhi Infection with Interstitial Pneumonia in a Traveler Treated with Moxifloxacin
Authors: Schulze Marco H. , Keller Christian , Müller Andreas , Ziegler Uwe , Langen Heinz-Jakob , Hegasy Guido , Stich August 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT

Rickettsial diseases may play an important part in the differential diagnosis of fever in returned travelers. The initial empirical treatment needs to take
Rickettsia
species into consideration to avoid the development of life-threatening courses. Here, we present a case of interstitial pneumonia associated with
Rickettsia typhi
infection treated with moxifloxacin.