bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Migrants, Welfare Systems and Social Citizenship in Ireland and Britain: Users or Abusers?
Authors: CORRIGAN OWEN 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPublic discourse on migrant interactions with state welfare systems has often assumed exploitative motivations on the part of migrants, with charges of welfare tourism a recurring theme among segments of the political spectrum. Academic research has also tended to characterise migrant welfare utilisation in simple dichotomous terms where migrants are either ‘welfare dependent’ or not. This article argues for the analytic utility of disaggregating the concept of welfare utilisation into distinct component parts, denoting usage, participation and dependency with regard to state-provided cash welfare benefits. Using EU survey data, these distinct components of welfare utilisation among migrants are assessed in comparative cross-national context, comparing welfare and labour market outcomes for similar cohorts of migrants faced with dissimilar incentive structures. The results have direct implications for policy-makers, and for migrant experiences of social citizenship, in so far as they show little support for the moral hazard view of migrant interactions with welfare systems. Migrants in Ireland's relatively more generous welfare system are seen to have no greater likelihood of welfare dependency, and in fact show a lower usage of welfare (as a proportion of total income) than similar migrants in Britain, controlling for characteristics. Intriguingly, however, the likelihood of forming a partial labour market attachment is seen to respond to increasing levels of welfare usage in Ireland, but not in Britain, suggesting that migrants may be taking an active role in how they define their position in the work-welfare nexus in response to welfare system incentives.
Inverse problems for Aharonov–Bohm rings
Authors: KURASOV P. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe inverse problem for Schrödinger operators on metric graphs is investigated in the presence of magnetic field. Graphs without loops and with Euler characteristic zero are considered. It is shown that the knowledge of the Titchmarsh–Weyl matrix function (Dirichlet-to-Neumann map) for just two values of the magnetic field allows one to reconstruct the graph and potential on it provided a certain additional no-resonance condition is satisfied.
Torelli theorem for the moduli space of framed bundles
Authors: BISWAS I. , GÓMEZ T. , MUÑOZ V. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractLet X be an irreducible smooth complex projective curve of genus g ≥ 2, and let x ∈ X be a fixed point. Fix r > 1, and assume that g > 2 if r = 2. A framed bundle is a pair (E, φ), where E is coherent sheaf on X of rank r and fixed determinant ξ, and φ: Ex → r is a non–zero homomorphism. There is a notion of (semi)stability for framed bundles depending on a parameter τ > 0, which gives rise to the moduli space of τ–semistable framed bundles τ. We prove a Torelli theorem for τ, for τ > 0 small enough, meaning, the isomorphism class of the one–pointed curve (X, x), and also the integer r, are uniquely determined by the isomorphism class of the variety τ.
Alternative risk factors of HCV infection in a rural community in China
Authors: ZHANG M. , FAN J. , LI H. , CUI J. , QIAO Y. , SUNG J. , LEE S.-S. 
Published: November 2009

SUMMARYA case-control study was conducted in Linxian, Henan Province in China to explore potential risk factors for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection unassociated with injection drug use. One hundred and ninety-two persons (41·7% male, 95·8% aged >60 years) were recruited from an earlier cohort. Of these, 48 were HCV positive and 144 HCV negative. Residence in a plain region and 3–10 injections in a health setting per year were significantly associated with HCV in both univariate and multivariate analysis (P<0·01). In rural China, the geographic distribution of HCV infection was heterogeneous and associated with injections in a health setting, a pattern which differed from the epidemics in injection drug users in urban cities.
The longevity of crop seeds stored under ambient conditions
Authors: Nagel Manuela , Börner Andreas 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe ability of crop seeds to retain their viability over extended periods of uncontrolled temperature and/or relative humidity conditions has not been widely investigated, although this is an important issue for genebank management. We report here the response of 18 crop species to storage for up to 26 years at 20.3 ± 2.3°C and 50.5 ± 6.3% relative humidity. Germination rates decreased in a sigmoid fashion, but the curve parameters were species characteristic. Pea, common bean and maize seeds retained their viability over the longest period (23, 21 and 19 years, respectively). In contrast, chive seeds survived for only 5 years and lettuce for 7 years. In addition to this interspecific variability, there were also indices for intraspecific variability, particularly in bean and chive seeds, just as in collard, lupin, poppy, wheat and maize seeds. A significant correlation was obtained between germination performance in the laboratory and seedling emergence following autumn sowing. Seeds in which oil was the major seed storage component were more short lived, whereas carbohydrates or proteins did not show an effect on seed longevity.
Will the sleeping beauties wake up? Seasonal dormancy cycles in seeds of the holoparasiteCuscuta epithymum
Authors: Meulebrouck Klaar , Verheyen Kris , Hermy Martin , Baskin Carol 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSeed banks are often crucial for the survival of plant species, especially short-lived ones. Nevertheless, empirical studies about the fate of seeds under natural conditions are scarce, particularly for parasitic plants. Therefore, fresh seeds of the holoparasiticCuscuta epithymumwere buried in the field under natural conditions in Belgium or kept at room temperature for up to 31 months, and germination was tested periodically by incubating seeds in light at 23°C. BuriedC. epithymumseeds had cyclic changes in their germinability, while those stored dry at room temperature never germinated without scarification. Buried seeds exhibited a seasonal cycle of physiological dormancy, the first to be reported for a species with combinational (i.e. physical+physiological) dormancy. The physiological dormancy of the embryo was broken during winter ( ≤ 5°C) but induced during exposure to late spring temperatures (>10°C). Therefore, germination ofC. epithymumseeds is fine tuned to seasonal temperature changes. Each year only a portion of the viable seeds could germinate. The portion of seeds buried in the soil that remained available for delayed germination, i.e. in the seed bank, decreased rather quickly, with only 8.5% of them being viable after 31 months of burial; all seeds stored in the laboratory remained viable. Nonetheless, we concluded that someC. epithymumseeds are capable of surviving for several years in the soil. These data indicate that the parasite is well adapted to survive in a dynamic heathland landscape where conditions for survival change constantly, but it is still sensitive to local extinction.
Decrease in CD9 content and reorganization of microvilli may contribute to the oolemma block to sperm penetration during fertilization of mouse oocyte
Authors: Żyłkiewicz Eliza , Nowakowska Julita , Maleszewski Marek 
Published: November 2009

SummaryTetraspanin CD9 is the only protein of the oocyte membrane (oolemma) known to be required for the fusion of gametes during fertilization in the mouse. Using electron microscopy and immunostaining we examined the differences in localization of CD9 between ovulated oocytes, zygotes and parthenogenetically activated eggs (parthenogenotes). Changes in ultrastructure of oolemma, which take place in oocytes after fertilization or artificial activation, were also assessed. We demonstrated that after fertilization the level of CD9 present on microvilli of zygote was two times lower than its level on the oolemma of the oocyte. In addition, we showed that the distribution of microvilli is less uniform in the zygotes than in the unfertilized oocytes. We propose that the changes of microvilli distribution and their CD9 content are responsible for the development of the oocyte membrane block to sperm penetration.
Occurrence of chromosomal aneuploidy in rabbit oocytes and embryos at different developmental stages
Authors: Curlej Jozef , Bulla Jozef , Chrenek Peter 
Published: November 2009

SummaryThe aim of our study was to analyse chromosomal aneuploidy occurence in rabbit oocytes and embryos. Chromosomal analysis was done in rabbit oocytes and rabbit preimplantation embryos at 2-, 4- and 8-cell stages derived from in vivo fertilization. For mitotic cycle synchronization at the metaphase stage, 2-, 4- and 8-cell embryos were incubated in k-DMEM medium, supplemented with colcemid (1 μg/ml), for 7, 12 or 13h respectively. Success of metaphase synchronization was at values of 100, 86.1 and 92.2% for 2-, 4- and 8-cell embryos respectively. Recovery rate of analysable metaphase plates was reached at 58.8%, 83.9% and 59.8% for 2-, 4- and 8-cell embryos and 100% for oocytes. Significant difference (p < 0.01) in aneuploidy rate between oocytes (40.7%) and 2-cell embryos (62.5%) was found. These results demonstrate higher efficiency of synchronization of embryo cells at the metaphase stage, what may contribute to elevating the proportion of analysable nuclei.
Cryopreservation of feline epididymal spermatozoa from dead and alive animals and its use in assisted reproduction
Authors: Cocchia N. , Ciani F. , El-Rass R. , Russo M. , Borzacchiello G. , Esposito V. , Montagnaro S. , Avallone L. , Tortora G. , Lorizio R. 
Published: November 2009

SummaryCryopreservation of gametes is an important tool in assisted reproduction programmes; long-term storage of oocytes or spermatozoa is necessary when in vitro fertilization (IVF) or artificial insemination is to be performed at a future date. Cryopreservation of epididymal spermatozoa offers a potential tool for rescuing genetic material from males of endangered populations. The objectives of this work were to: (1) examine sperm motility, viability, abnormality and acrosome integrity of frozen–thawed domestic cat epididymal spermatozoa; and (2) evaluate the same cryopreservation method on wild feline spermatozoa, needed to preserve their genetic resources. Epididymides were collected from 20 domestic cats during routine neutering procedure and from two wild felines at autopsy. The sperm samples, diluted with 4% glycerol/Tris/egg yolk, were loaded into 0.25 ml mini-straws, exposed to nitrogen vapour and stored in liquid nitrogen. After 4 weeks, samples were thawed and re-evaluated. The quality of each fresh and frozen–thawed sperm sample was tested by determining the motility (54.7 ± 11.3% and 32 ± 13.1% respectively for cat spermatozoa; 38.3 ± 18.7% and 21.5 ± 16.8% respectively for tiger spermatozoa), viability (74.3 ± 8.6% and 45.2 ± 9.4% respectively for cat spermatozoa; 42.4 ± 14.5% and 33.5 ± 12.9% respectively for wild felid spermatozoa), morphology and acrosomal status. The present study showed that feline epididymal spermatozoa can be frozen in egg-yolk extender with 4.0% glycerol in 0.25 ml straws. The procedure used in the present study for epididymal cat sperm cryopreservation may be applied to bank the genetic resources of wild felid species.
Seriously ill patients' discussions of preparation and life completion: An intervention to assist with transition at the end of life
Authors: Steinhauser Karen E. , Alexander Stewart C. , Byock Ira R. , George Linda K. , Tulsky James A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjective:Patients approaching the end of life not only face challenges to physical well-being but also threats to emotional and spiritual integrity. Yet, identifying appropriate, effective, and brief interventions to address those concerns has proven elusive. We developed an intervention based on life review and emotional disclosure literatures and conducted a pilot study to determine feasibility and acceptability. This article presents qualitative intervention responses.Method:We conducted a three-armed randomized control trial to evaluate the effects of preparation and life completion discussion on health outcomes in patients with advanced serious illness. Hospice-eligible subjects were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) intervention (life completion discussion intervention), (2) attention control (relaxation meditation), and control (no intervention). Subjects in the intervention arm met with a facilitator three times. Session 1 focused on life story, Session 2 on forgiveness, and Session 3, on heritage and legacy.Results:Eighteen subjects participated in the pilot intervention interviews. Subjects from a range of socioeconomic backgrounds completed the intervention with equal facility. Results from Session 1 demonstrate narrative responses participants gave as they reconnected with previous life roles, values, and accomplishments. The second session illustrated reflections of choices one might have made differently and exploration of forgiveness offered and sought. Content from the first and second sessions laid the foundation for discussing Session 3's lessons learned and heritage and legacy. Responses are summarized to assist clinicians in anticipating life review content that may improve overall quality of life at the end of life.Significance of results:Discussions of life completion may improve important health outcomes for patients at the end of life. This intervention may provide a brief, standardized, and transportable means for improving the quality of life of patients with advanced serious illness.
The meaning of being in transition to end-of-life care for female partners of spouses with cancer
Authors: Sutherland Nisha 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjective:Female partners of cancer patients are at high risk for psychological distress. However, the majority of studies have focused on measurement of female partners' psychological distress during diagnosis and early treatment. There is a gap in the literature with regard to qualitative studies that examine the experiences of female partners of spouses with cancer during the transition to end-of-life care. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the meaning of being in transition to end-of-life care among female partners of spouses with cancer.Methods:An interpretive phenomenological approach based on Gadamer's (1960/1975) philosophy was used to gain a deeper understanding of the phenomenon of end-of-life transition. Eight female partners from two in-patient hospices and a community-based palliative care service were interviewed using a semistructured approach.Results:Three major themes and associated subthemes were identified that outlined female partners' experiences. One major theme, Meaning of Our Lives, included the subthemes Our Relationship, Significance of His Life, and Searching for Understanding. In another theme, Dying with Cancer, partners undertook the Burden of Caring, experienced an Uncertain Path and were Looking for Hope. In the last theme, Glimpses of the Future, participants Faced Tomorrow and confirmed their Capacity to Survive.Significance of results:The results centered on three major concepts: meaning making, anticipatory mourning, and hope. Although meaning making has been identified as a fundamental way in which bereaved individuals cope with loss, results of this study suggested that female partners made meaning of their situations before their spouses' deaths. Participants also spontaneously described aspects of anticipatory mourning, thus, validating a concept that has been widely accepted despite limited research. Another finding was that participants shouldered the responsibility of adjusting spouses' hopes in order to help them to cope. Implications for practice and research are drawn from these findings.
Activity and meaning making in the everyday lives of people with advanced cancer
Authors: la Cour Karen , Johannessen Helle , Josephsson Staffan 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjective:This study aims to explore and understand how people with advanced cancer create meaning and handle everyday life through activity.Methods:A purposive sample of seven participants was recruited from a larger study. Data were collected through qualitative interviews and participant observations conducted in the participants' home environments while they were engaged in activities to which they assigned particular value. Interpretive analysis was conducted using narrative theory and relevant literature.Results:The study shows how people in conditions of advanced cancer fashion narratives useful for handling everyday life with advanced cancer. A meta-narrative of “saying goodbye in a good way” provided an overall structure for the participants as they attempted to create desired narratives negotiated in context of the individuals' sociocultural life and in the proximity of death. A narrative of “being healthy although ill” provided an arena for exploring the contrast between simultaneously feeling well and severely ill. Further emplotment of activities in “routines and continuity” was identified as a means to provide a safe, familiar framework stimulating participants' everyday agency. “My little Mecca” was identified as a narrative reflecting the activity of life-confirming experiences and taking time out.Significance of results:The identified narratives performed and told in daily life may guide the development of palliative care services to support people with advanced cancer in creating meaning in the remains of their lives.
Humor and death: A qualitative study ofThe New Yorkercartoons (1986–2006)
Authors: Matzo Marianne , Miller David 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAmerican's experiences with dying and death have changed throughout the course of our history. As an agrarian society death, was seen first-hand on, often, a daily basis. Industrialization brought with it removal of the dying process to the hospital and burial became the responsibility of the undertaker. This separation of dying and death from society resulted in not only a physical barrier but a psychological one as well. Technology in health care once again raised issues of the dying process by asking people to make decisions about their health care in the realm of resuscitation, respirators, and the use of artificial food and fluids.One way that Americans have been known handle the difficult times in their lives is through humor. When it becomes difficult to cope, tears and laughter are both cathartic. This study analyzes cartoons from The New Yorker in an effort to categorize contemporary notions of death as well as establish the correlation between societal events related to dying and death and the overall percent of death-related cartoons in this media.
Delirium superimposed on dementia versus delirium in the absence of dementia: Phenomenological differences
Authors: Boettger Soenke , Passik Steven , Breitbart William 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjective:To examine differences in the phenomenological characteristics of delirium superimposed on dementia compared to those observed in delirious patients without dementia, based on the rating items of the Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale (MDAS).Methods:We conducted an analysis of a prospectively collected clinical delirium database utilized to record and monitor the care of delirious patients treated at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC). Sociodemographic, medical variables, and MDAS total score and individual item ratings were analyzed in respect to differences between delirium in the demented (DD) versus delirium in the nondemented (ND).Results:We were able to examine data collected on 100 delirious patients: 82 ND patients and 18 DD patients. Patients in the DD group, compared to the ND group, had significantly greater levels of disturbance of consciousness and impairments in all cognitive domains (i.e., orientation, short term memory, concentration, organization of thought process). Severe symptoms were more common in the DD group compared to the ND group on all the MDAS cognitive items as well as in disturbance of consciousness. There were no significant differences between the DD and ND groups in terms of presence or severity of hallucinations, delusions, psychomotor behavior, and sleep–wake cycle disturbance.Significance of results:Delirium superimposed on dementia has phenomenological differences compared to delirium in the absence of dementia. There are no significant differences in the severity of hallucinations, delusions, psychomotor behavior, or sleep–wake cycle disturbances. However, level of disturbance in consciousness (arousal and awareness) and impairments in multiple cognitive domains are significantly more severe in patients with delirium superimposed on dementia.
Consultation sur l'emploi du Croissant-Rouge
Authors: Moynier G. 
Published: November 2009

La précieuse bienveillance qu'il vous a plu de nous témoigner en maintes circonstances nous donne le courage de recourir, encore aujourd'hui, à vos lumières pour le cas qui suit:Quelques négotiants en denrées de la place de Constantinople se sont adressés dernièrement à notre Comité central, pour demander l'autorisation d'apposer, sur les articles qu'ils débitent en paquets, l'emblème du Croissant-Rouge, contre l'engagement de prélever une part quelconque sur le produit de leurs ventes, pour être versée au profit du Croissant-Rouge dans notre Caisse, à la Banque impériale ottomane. Les solliciteurs se déclarent, d'ailleurs, prêts à se conformer à toutes les conditions de contrôle que nous jugerions à propos de leur imposer, pour assurer le prélèvement intégral de cette redevance, car, ils pensent, non sans raison, que l'emblème du Croissant-Rouge contribuerait beaucoup, par l'attrait d'une œuvre philanthropique, au développement de leur négoce.
Revue trimestrielle de médecine militaire
Authors: Dr Ferrière  
Published: November 2009

En commençant la Vme année de notre Revue trimestrielle, nous prévenons nos lecteurs que nous modifierons légèrement, à l'avenir, nos résumés, en accordant une place un peu plus large, dans nos analyses, aux mémoires qui visent des sujets d'un intérêt direct pour la Croix-Rouge et les secours volontaires.Ainsi nous nous étendrons de préférence sur les travaux traitant des secours sur le champ de bataille, du transport des blessés, de l'organisation des ambulances, etc., et nous citerons brièvement, par contre, sans toutefois les passer sous silence, les travaux de médecine ou de chirurgie militaires qui sont plus ou moins étrangers à la sphère d'intérêt de la Croix-Rouge.
Le service de santé japonais
Authors: Dr F  
Published: November 2009

Le Caducée s'est fait donner, par une personne occupant un haut grade dans l'armée japonaise, des renseignements circonstanciés sur l'organisation des troupes sanitaires japonaises en campagne. Nous en extrayons les points suivants:Le service de santé est assuré par un personnel très complet qui comporte:Un médecin-inspecteur, du grade de général de brigade ou de division, au grand quartier général; de lui relève tout le service de santé des troupes en campagne.Chaque quartier général d'armée a, en outre, son médecin-inspecteur, du grade de général de brigade.
Des moyens d'assurer l'observation des lois de la guerre
Authors: Poortugael Den Beer 
Published: November 2009

Il faut que je m'abstienne cette fois de l'honneur de prendre part à vos délibérations savantes.La guerre terrible et horrible qui se livre à présent, presque depuis un au, me navre tellement qu'elle m'ôte toute envie, toute force pour m'occuper paisiblement avec vous des matières du droit des gens qui seules sont de ma compétence.