bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH BEBAN BERLEBIH TERHADAP UMUR RENCANA PERKERASAN JALAN (STUDI KASUS JALAN CEMARA MEDAN)
Authors: Hidayat Iman , Putra Nusa Eka 
Published: May 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini : (1) memahami pengaruh beban berlebih (overload) pada perkerasan jalan dan (2) menganalisis pengaruh beban berlebih (overload) pada perkerasan jalan menggunakan metode Bina Marga (BM) 2013. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu penelitian survei dengan jenis data kuantatif. Data yang dikumpulkan berupa data primer diperoleh dari pengamatan secara langsung di jalan Cemara Medan dan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari institusi Pemerintah. Metode analisis data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini mengacu pada Manual Desain Perkerasan Jalan Nomor 02/M/BM/2013 yang dikeluarkan Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum Direktorat Jendral Bina Marga yakni dengan : (1) mencari angka ekivalen kendaraan, (2) menghitung angka ekivalen akibat adanya beban berlebih kendaraan, dan (3) menghitung nilai CES. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : (1) adanya beban berlebih (overload) mengakibatkan perubahan angka ekivalen yang cukup besar karena penambahan beban melebihi beban sumbu standar pada sumbu kendaraan yang menyebabkan penambahan daya rusak yang cukup signifikan. Kerusakan terjadi lebih cepat karena konsentrasi beban tiap roda kendaraan sangat tinggi apalagi dengan adanya beban berlebih, karena pada perencanaan perkerasan jalan masih mengacu kepada desain kendaraan untuk muatan normal. Mekanisme beban kendaraan dalam mempengaruhi perkerasan jalannya tergantung pada luas bidang kontak ban dan bentuk konfigurasi sumbu kendaraan. (2) Pada kondisi tanpa adanya pertambahan lalu lintas, maka umur perkerasan diperkirakan akan berakhir pada tahun ke 10 sejak jalan dibuka sesuai dengan rencana. Namun, dengan adanya kondisi pertambahan lalu lintas 10% maka terjadi pengurangan dengan persentase (-10%) dari umur rencana 10 tahun.
Socio-Economic Problems of Agricultural Laborers in Punjab (Pakistan)
Authors: Jamshed Farhat , Afzal Afzaal , Arshad Muhammad 
Published: May 2024

The development of the agriculture sector is one of the most imperative factors for fulfilling basic human needs, alleviating poverty, boosting shared prosperity, and becoming a significant contributor to national development for most developing countries. Over one billion of the world's labour force is engaged directly and indirectly in this sector, one-third of the world's workforce. Unfortunately, the laborers working in the agriculture sector face multidimensional socioeconomic problems such as poor livelihood conditions, meagre employment circumstances, long working hours, fewer rewards, unavailability of basic safety facilities, remuneration and pitiable nutrition, among others. To understand the contributing factors responsible for socioeconomic problems, this study was conducted in three divisions of Punjab province: Gujranwala, Faisalabad, and Dera Ghazi Khan. For this purpose, a multistage simple random sampling procedure was applied to approach the participants. The interview schedule was used as a tool for data collection and validated through pilot testing. The study's findings revealed that the laborers’ employment conditions could have been more conducive while agricultural laborers were receiving lesser wages. The agricultural laborers have to face many health hazards. In contrast, the majority of the laborers were exploited only due to their illiteracy and ignorance about Government policies and laws related to them. Many participants reported chronic socioeconomic problems significantly associated with their working environment, amenities and available facilities.
MINERAL STATUS OF GREEN PEAS GROWTH BY DROUGHT AND AMINO ACID SPRAYING
Authors: El-Dewiny Camilia Y. , Mansour Hani A. , Saad AbdelGawad , Saad Sherif S. , Abd-Elmabod S. K. , Mostafa Fayza E. , Azab Nahed A. , R.S Makar , S.A Shahin 
Published: May 2024

A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted 2023 at the National Research Centre in Dokki, Cairo, Egypt to investigate the impact of proline and glutamic acid on the growth, photosynthetic pigments, and mineral levels of Green Peas plants. The absence of irrigation has a detrimental impact on the growth of Green Peas plants, namely in terms of plant height, number of green leaves and stem, as well as the dry weight of leaves and top. The depressing impact was greater when irrigation was absent during the blossoming stage compared to the filling stage. This statement holds true for the conditions indicated earlier. In general, the utilization of amino acids (namely glutamic and proline) enhanced development characteristics. The application of glutamic acid resulted in greater plant height, leaf count, and dry weight of both stems and tops compared to the effects of proline spraying. The absence of irrigation at any growth stage in the study had no impact on the concentration of Chlorophyll (Ch. A and Ch. A + Ch. B). However, there was a modest effect on the concentrations of carotenoids and total Chlorophyll. Nevertheless, the concentration of (Ch. B) exhibited an increase during the fruiting phase under drought treatment. However, this rise needed to be more substantial to reach a statistically significant level. The ratio of Chlorophyll A to Ch. B increased exclusively during the dry period. The utilization of glutamic acid resulted in the highest levels of Ch.A, Ch.B total chlorophyll concentrations, with just a modest impact on carotenoid levels. In addition, the ratios of carotenoids in Ch. A and Ch. B, as well as the combined ratios of Ch.A and Ch.B exhibited similar reactions.
Safety of the suburethral sling surgery by transobturator access in patients under 45 years of age
Authors: Reva I. A. , Chernushenko A. S. , Gvozdev M. Y. , Aliev R. I. , Kotelnikova A. A. , Kim V. S. 
Published: May 2024

Introduction. Symptoms of stress urinary incontinence develop with age in every third woman. To date, suburethral sling surgery is the «gold standard» treatment for stress urinary incontinence. Sling operation is possible by various approaches, each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages. It is believed that transobturator access is combined with the risks of damage of the obturator vessels, tendons of the adductor muscles of the thigh, ranches of the genital and anterior labial nerves. In connection with the above, most authors do not recommend the transobturator access for younger patients.The purpose of the study. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of suburethral sling surgery by transobturator access in patients under 45 years of age suffering from stress and mixed forms of urinary incontinence.Materials and methods. A single-center, retrospective observational study was conducted. The anamnestic data of the patients, efficacy (according to the examination in the chair, questionnaires ICIQ-SF, IIQ-7) and safety (the presence of erosions of the synthetic prosthesis, dyspareunia and chronic pain by examination, survey and questionnaires VAS, ODI) were evaluated. The analysis of the obtained data was carried out using the Microsoft Excel data array processing program.Results. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 61 patients participated in the study. The subjective effectiveness of the operation was 98.3%, the objective effectiveness was 95%. No erosion of the synthetic prosthetic device was observed in any patient. Chronic pain persisting for more than 1 month was noted in 1 patient (1.7%). Complaints of dyspareunia were also noted in only 1 patient (1.7%).Conclusion. The obtained results indicate the high efficiency and safety of transobturator access, and allow us to conclude that the use of transobturator access as a technique for primary implantation of a suburethral sling in young patients is justified.
Afro-surrealism in screen arts as an experience of the Otherworldly
Authors: Prokudin Gleb Andreevich 
Published: May 2024

This article is a study of such an original trend in art as "Afro-surrealism". The study contains an excursion into the history of this phenomenon, but special attention is paid to the special connection of the genre of Afro-surrealism with the realm of the otherworldly. The genre, being an offshoot of the general group of surrealist trends, tends to create images that cross the line of rational reality, in other words, Afro-surrealist works by their nature strive for knowledge of the otherworldly. Nevertheless, Afro-surrealism contains unique structural elements and techniques that make it possible to separate it from classical surrealism and make it a rich material for research. The purpose of the article is to examine the history of the genre, as well as some works in the genre of Afro–surrealism and, using their example, based on the "Manifesto of Afro-Surrealism" to identify special elements of language and demonstrate how they help to reveal the otherworldly reality of the work. The main research method in this article is a systematic film analysis. The special structural elements of the film language and their role in the isolation of the genre are the focus of the research. The results of the study can be considered the very fact of highlighting a cultural phenomenon, since this genre is quite young and unique for a group of authors belonging to the same cultural group. In this regard, the phenomenon is practically unknown and extremely poorly studied in the Russian-language scientific literature. In addition to analyzing the historical and theoretical foundations of the genre, this article identifies special elements of the language of works, thanks to which the view of the problem of the otherworldly acquires a special philosophical depth, turning into a question about the limits of knowledge and mystical experience. The article analyzes in detail some of the images created by the authors of the series "Atlanta", and also draws a parallel between this series and David Lynch's older surrealist work "Twin Peaks", which allows us to more specifically draw a line separating "classic" surrealism from Afro-surrealism.
Argumentative geometry of the Chinese eight-part essay.
Authors: FENG YUNFEI 
Published: May 2024

The subject of the study is the linguistic and cultural features of the Chinese argumentation tradition. The object of the study is the elements of the logical structure of reasoning. The author examines such aspects of the topic as the differences between Eastern and Western models of argumentation and the prerequisites for the formation of the Chinese style of argumentation. Definitions of argumentation and related terms included in the range of concepts of argumentative discourse are given. In the aspect of this problem, the question of the relationship between the functional and semantic type of reasoning and argumentation is also highlighted. The author believes that argumentation is a more detailed development of reasoning based on ways of presenting facts, quotations, appealing to authority, emotions, expert opinion, and laws. In the social contexts of polemics, public discussions, Essenes, and science, the ability to argue is understood as an art. The author also notes that argumentation is a mental and predominantly verbal activity. Special attention is paid to the structure of classical Chinese literary argumentation. For analysis, the author turns to the scientific metaphor "geometry of argumentation". This facet of argumentation is a methodology for reconstructing argumentative discourse. According to this, a reconstruction method based on the identification of argumentation schemes is used. Argumentation schemes are generalized models of how an argument relates to a conclusion or thesis. The main conclusion of the work is that the structure of argumentation in the Chinese text differs from that in the generally accepted model of argumentation of the Western type. To substantiate this conclusion, the author considers S. Tulmin's model, which consists of six elements, believing that the elements of the model can be distinguished in the representative texts of the argumentation. Therefore, the essay can be considered as an explication of argumentation schemes. After that, the author proceeds to analyze the structure of the argumentation in the text of the "Essay on Eight Legs" (&#20843;&#32929;&#25991;), which consists of eight elements. The intermediate conclusion of the work is information about the positive and negative prescriptive aspects of using the eight-part essay scheme in an educational and professional context and in the context of application in less institutional discourses.
Improvement in work place and household productivity for patients with early rheumatoid arthritis treated with adalimumab plus methotrexate: Work outcomes and their correlations with clinical and radiographic measures from a randomized controlled trial companion study
Authors: van Vollenhoven Ronald F. , Cifaldi Mary A. , Ray Saurabh , Chen Naijun , Weisman Michael H. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate household and work place outcomes for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who were homemakers or employed workers, respectively, and who were treated with adalimumab plus methotrexate versus methotrexate monotherapy. We also determined baseline predictors of household and work place outcomes.MethodsData were from a health economic companion study to PREMIER, a 2‐year, randomized controlled trial of methotrexate‐naive patients with early RA (<3 years) who received treatment with adalimumab plus methotrexate, adalimumab, or methotrexate. Absenteeism (number of days missed or unfit to work), presenteeism (self‐judgment of the effects of RA on job or household performance), and employment status were collected from self‐reports at baseline and varying time points during the study.ResultsHousehold and work place outcomes were generally similar for homemakers and employed workers. Over 2 years, patients who received combination therapy missed approximately half as many days as patients who received methotrexate (17.4 versus 36.9 days for employed workers; 7.9 versus 18.6 days for homemakers). Presenteeism was lower (reflecting better productivity) for combination therapy than methotrexate monotherapy. The likelihood of gaining/retaining employment over 2 years was greater for combination therapy than methotrexate monotherapy (odds ratio 1.530, 95% confidence interval 1.038–2.255; P = 0.0318). Baseline radiographic progression was an independent predictor for retaining/gaining employment at 2 years.ConclusionCompared with methotrexate monotherapy, combination therapy was associated with more positive work outcomes: less absenteeism, less presenteeism, and greater likelihood of gaining/retaining employment. Radiographic progression at baseline was predictive of the ability to retain or gain employment.
Association between computer use speed and age, impairments in function, and touch typing training in people with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Baker Nancy A. , Rogers Joan C. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the associations between impairments in hand function associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and limitations in computer peripheral use.MethodsA total of 45 computer users with RA were recruited from the Arthritis Network Research Registry. Impairments in hand function were measured using the Keitel Hand Function Index, and the Arthritis Hand Function Test, while general activity limitations were measured with the Health Assessment Questionnaire. Speed of computer peripheral device use was obtained at a laboratory work station using the Assessment of Computer Task Performance (ACTP).ResultsMultiple regression models suggested that keyboarding speed was significantly associated with touch typing training and age, while mouse speed was significantly associated with age. Impairments in hand function were significantly associated with only 2 of 7 keyboarding tasks and no mouse tasks. General activity limitations were associated with 2 of 7 keyboarding tasks and 2 of 5 significant mouse tasks. A comparison of this study's sample with a normative sample reported for the ACTP suggested that this sample's keyboarding speed was similar to a nonimpaired sample, while mouse speed was much slower.ConclusionReduced keyboarding speed is most strongly associated with touch typing skill. General activity limitations appear to be the strongest arthritis‐related predictor of decreased computer use speeds. Many computer users with RA will not experience reduced productivity in typing speeds, although many may be slower than their nonimpaired counterparts for mouse use.
Diagnostic delay in sternocostoclavicular hyperostosis: Impact on various aspects of quality of life
Authors: van der Kloot Willem A. , Chotkan Sadhna A. , Kaptein Ad A. , Hamdy Neveen A. T. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectiveSternocostoclavicular hyperostosis (SCCH) is a rare, debilitating, chronic inflammatory disorder of the anterior chest wall due to a chronic sterile osteomyelitis of unknown origin, often associated with characteristic skin lesions of palms and soles: pustulosis palmoplantaris. SCCH goes often unrecognized for years before the diagnosis is established and treatment instituted. The objective of this study was to trace the diagnostic paths of patients with SCCH and to investigate the consequences associated with diagnostic delay.MethodsData were collected through structured interviews of 52 patients with a clinically, scintigraphically, and radiologically established diagnosis of SCCH.ResultsThe majority of patients presented with swelling and/or pain in the sternocostoclavicular region and/or limited movement of the shoulder girdle. Pustulosis palmoplantaris was present in ∼30% of patients. The disease went unrecognized for a median of 3.5 years. Patients were often seen by at least 3 members of the medical profession before the diagnosis was suspected and eventually established. Lack of recognition of the clinical manifestations of the disease and delay in diagnosis were associated with important physical, psychological, and socioeconomic consequences affecting quality of life.ConclusionSCCH remains an ill‐recognized disease despite its characteristic clinical features. A low level of awareness of the disorder leads to a delay in diagnosis, which has a significant impact on various aspects of quality of life. Awareness should be raised for this disorder, enabling timely diagnosis and initiation of treatment to prevent the irreversible physical and psychological sequelae associated with the protracted untreated state.
Titelbild: Metal–Organic Spheres as Functional Systems for Guest Encapsulation (Angew. Chem. 13/2009)
Authors: Imaz Inhar , Hernando Jordi , Ruiz‐Molina Daniel , Maspoch Daniel 
Published: January 2010

AbstractDie unendliche Koordinationspolymerisation von Metallionen und multitopen organischen Liganden führt zu metall‐organischen Mikro‐ und Nanokugeln, die als funktionelle Matrices verwendet werden können. In ihrer Zuschrift auf S. 2361 ff. nutzen D. Maspoch et al. diesen einfachen Prozess, um multifunktionelle Kugeln zu erhalten, in denen aktive Substanzen wie magnetische Nanopartikel, organische Farbstoffe und Quantenpunkte eingeschlossen sind. (Das Titelbild wurde von Marianne Verdoux erstellt.)magnified image
Innentitelbild: A Phosphine‐Mediated Conversion of Azides into Diazo Compounds (Angew. Chem. 13/2009)
Authors: Myers Eddie L. , Raines Ronald T. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIm Jahr 1919 berichteten H. Staudinger und J. Meyer über die reduktive Fragmentierung eines Azids zu einem Amin. Auf S. 2395 ff. stellen nun E. L. Myers und R. T. Raines ein ergänzendes Verfahren vor: die Spaltung der anderen N‐N‐Bindung eines Azids unter Bildung einer Diazoverbindung. Weil in beiden Umsetzungen ein Phosphor(III)‐Reagens zur Anwendung kommt, wurde als Hintergrund das Bild The Alchymist, in Search of the Philosopher's Stone, Discovers Phosphorus aus dem Jahr 1771 gewählt, in dem Joseph Wright die Entdeckung des Phosphors durch Hennig Brandt im Jahr 1669 darstellt. (Gestaltung: H. Adam Steinberg)magnified image
Zwitterionic Relatives of Cationic Platinum Group Metal Complexes: Applications in Stoichiometric and Catalytic σ‐Bond Activation
Authors: Stradiotto Mark , Hesp Kevin D. , Lundgren Rylan J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractZwitterionic platinum group metal complexes that feature formal charge separation between a cationic metal fragment and a negatively charged ancillary ligand combine the desirable reactivity profile of related cationic complexes with the broad solubility and solvent tolerance of neutral species. As such, zwitterionic complexes of this type have emerged as attractive candidates for a diversity of applications, most notably involving the breaking and/or forming of EH and EC σ bonds involving a main group element E. Important advances in ancillary ligand design are documented that have enabled the construction of platinum group metal zwitterions. Also summarized are the results of stoichiometric and catalytic investigations in which the reactivity of such zwitterions and their more traditionally employed cationic relatives in σ bond activation chemistry are compared and contrasted.
Cover Picture: Metal–Organic Spheres as Functional Systems for Guest Encapsulation (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 13/2009)
Authors: Imaz Inhar , Hernando Jordi , Ruiz‐Molina Daniel , Maspoch Daniel 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe infinite coordination polymerization…︁ of metal ions and multitopic organic ligands is explored to fabricate metal–organic micro‐ and nanospheres that can be used as functional matrices. In their Communication on page 2325 ff., D. Maspoch and co‐workers show how this simple process affords spheres that encapsulate active substances, such as magnetic nanoparticles, organic dyes, and quantum dots, to result in multifunctional spheres. Marianne Verdoux is thanked for the cover graphic design.magnified image
Synthetic, spectral as well as in vitro antimicrobial studies on some bismuth(III) bis(N,N‐dialkyldithiocarbamato) alkylenedithiophosphates
Authors: Chauhan H. P. S. , Bakshi Abhilasha , Bhatiya Sumit 
Published: January 2010

AbstractMixed sulfur donor ligand complexes of the type bismuth(III) bis(N,N‐dialkyldithiocarbamato) alkylenedithiophosphate, [R2NCS2]2BiS2POGO [where R = CH3 and C2H5; G = ‐CH2‐C(C2H5)2‐CH2‐, ‐CH2‐C(CH3)2‐CH2‐, ‐CH(CH3)‐CH(CH3)‐ and ‐C(CH3)2‐C(CH3)2‐] were synthesized in 1:1 molar ratio of bismuth(III) bis(N,N‐dialkyldithiocarbamate) chloride and ammonium alkylenedithiophosphate in refluxing benzene and characterized by melting point, molecular weight determinations, elemental analysis (C, H, N, Bi and S) and spectral [UV, IR,NMR (1H,13C and 31P) and powder X ray diffraction] studies; all these studies were in good agreement with the synthesized complexes. These newly synthesized derivatives are yellow and brown colored solids and are soluble in common organic solvents like benzene, chloroform, dichloromethane and DMF. Based on the physicochemical and spectral studies, a tentative structure of these newly synthesized complexes was assigned and the average particle size of the synthesized complexes determined by powder XRD, showing that nano range polycrystalline particles were formed with a monoclinic crystal system. These complexes were also screened for their antimicrobial activities using the well diffusion method. The free ligands as well as their mixed metal complexes were tested in vitro against four bacterial strains: two Gram‐positive, Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 9144) (G+) and Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6051), (G+) and two Gram‐negative, Escherichia coli (ATCC 9637) (G−) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 25619) (G−) to assess their antimicrobial properties. The results were indeed positive and exhibited good antibacterial effects. Chloroamphenicol used as a standard for comparison and synthesized complexes showed good antibacterial effects over chloroamphenicol. On the basis of these studies, the synthesized complexes help to understand the different structural and biological properties of main group elements with sulfur donor ligands. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.