bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One-step laser preparation of unidirectional liquid spontaneous transport structures
Authors: Zhang Qian , Wang Yonghua , Lian Zhongxu , Jiao Yuandong 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The Tilted Wedge Microcavity Array (TWMA) structure of the Nepenthes alata peristome allows for unidirectional fluid transport without any surface energy gradient. However, current methods of creating bionic Nepenthes alata peristome structures have significant improvement room in terms of structural shape, machining efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. To address these issues, in this paper, bionic Nepenthes alata peristome TWMA structures on 7075 aluminium alloy was built via a nanosecond laser with highly efficiency, low cost and flexible processing pattern. A unilateral tilted microcavity structure was fabricated by designing the laser processing path, and at the same time, the samples were tilted to change the angle at which the laser beam hit the working surface. This ensures that the microcavity is machined without destroying the microcavity structure underneath. The variation law of aluminum alloy ablation threshold under the influence of laser incidence angle was studied. The dimensional parameters of the TWMA structure were analysed in relation to laser incidence angle

θ
,

laser processing power

P
,

number of laser scans

n
,

and laser scanning speed V. Additionally, liquid spreading tests were carried out on different surfaces of bionic structures, and the influence of surface wettability on the spreading results was investigated. The results indicate that the ablation threshold decreases initially and then increases with an increase in the laser incidence angle. This reflects the trend of the aluminium alloy absorption rate, which initially increases and then decreases with an increase in the incidence angle. For the prepared TWMA structure, the optimum speed of achieving the unidirectional spreading effect was found to be 2.41 mm s−1 with a surface contact angle (CA) of 35°. This study presents a low-cost and rapid preparation method for creating liquid unidirectional transport structures without any energy input.
An electrochemical flow cell for operando XPS and NEXAFS investigation of solid–liquid interfaces
Authors: Kumar Santosh , Counter James J C , Grinter David C , Spronsen Matthijs A Van , Ferrer Pilar , Large Alex , Orzech Marcin W , Jerzy Wojcik Pawel , Held Georg 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Suitable reaction cells are critical for operando near ambient pressure (NAP) soft x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) studies. They enable tracking the chemical state and structural properties of catalytically active materials under realistic reaction conditions, and thus allow a better understanding of charge transfer at the liquid–solid interface, activation of reactant molecules, and surface intermediate species. In order to facilitate such studies, we have developed a top-side illuminated operando spectro-electrochemical flow cell for synchrotron-based NAP-XPS/-NEXAFS studies. Our modular design uses a non-metal (PEEK) body, and replaceable membranes which can be either of x-ray transparent silicon nitride (SiN
x
) or of water permeable polymer membrane materials (e.g. NafionTM). The design allows rapid sample exchange and simultaneous measurements of total electron yield, Auger electron yield and fluorescence-yield. The developed system is highly modular and can be used in the laboratory or directly at the beamline for operando XPS/ x-ray absorption spectroscopy investigations of surfaces and interfaces. We present examples to demonstrate the capabilities of the flow cell. These include an operando NEXAFS study of the Cu-redox chemistry using a SiN
x
/Ti-Au/Cu working electrode assembly (WEA) and a NAP-XPS/-NEXAFS study of water adsorption on a NafionTM polymer membrane based WEA (NafionTM/C/IrO
x
catalyst). More importantly, the spectro-electrochemical flow cell is available for user community of B07 beamlines at Diamond Light Source.
Exploring non-steady-state charge transport dynamics in information processing: insights from reservoir computing
Authors: Li Zheyang , Yu Xi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Exploring nonlinear chemical dynamic systems for information processing has emerged as a frontier in chemical and computational research, seeking to replicate the brain’s neuromorphic and dynamic functionalities. In this study, we have extensively explored the information processing capabilities of a nonlinear chemical dynamic system through theoretical simulation by integrating a non-steady-state proton-coupled charge transport system into reservoir computing (RC) architecture. Our system demonstrated remarkable success in tasks such as waveform recognition, voice identification and chaos system prediction. More importantly, through a quantitative study, we revealed that the alignment between the signal processing frequency of the RC and the characteristic time of the dynamics of the nonlinear system plays a crucial role in this physical reservoir’s performance, directly influencing the efficiency in the task execution, the reservoir states and the memory capacity. The processing frequency range was further modulated by the characteristic time of the dynamic system, resulting in an implementation akin to a ‘chemically-tuned band-pass filter’ for selective frequency processing. Our study thus elucidates the fundamental requirements and dynamic underpinnings of the non-steady-state charge transport dynamic system for RC, laying a foundational groundwork for the application of dynamical molecular scale devices for in-materia neuromorphic computing.
Muslim Prayer in American Public Life
Authors: Aslan Rose 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This book delves into the lived experiences of Muslim prayer in the context of contemporary American public life, offering a nuanced exploration of how Muslims navigate their Islamic ritual obligations within the framework of a secular society fraught with discrimination. In its chapters, the book examines a wide range of challenges that arise in various domains, including schools, workplaces, media representations, and religious debates, among others. Furthermore, it uncovers the dynamic ways in which prayer intersects with protest movements and virtual spaces, revealing the creative adaptations that Muslims employ to uphold their religious practices. By delving into the multifaceted realm of Muslim prayer, the book argues that comprehending these practices sheds light on the intricate processes of identity integration, diversity, and complexity within the U.S. Muslim community. Despite facing hostility, Muslims assert their sense of belonging through embodied and spiritual acts of prayer. Through their struggles, they illuminate the ongoing negotiations with secularism, rights, discrimination, and the quest for a sense of belonging. The book provides a valuable contextualization of the challenges and efforts faced by Muslims in their quest to maintain and express their faith within the ever-changing landscape of the nation.
A Historical Materialist Account of Human Nature
Authors: Wills Vanessa Christina 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter argues that for Marx, human nature is the complex of all human activity, everywhere, past and present, taken as one whole. It is therefore dynamic, constantly transformed as human beings act and produce in different ways. (Marx writes, in “acting on the external world and changing it, [man] at the same time changes his own nature.”) It is possible to develop an abstraction that is valid for each of these concrete appearances in the totality of human activities and social relations: the labor process. Labor is the conscious intervention of human beings into the world, setting causal processes into motion in order to realize ends first posited in thought. This teleological realizing of ends distinguishes human beings from other species not only theoretically but practically: it is the practical basis upon which human existence develops in its distinctly diverse and dynamic appearance.
Individuality
Authors: Wills Vanessa Christina 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
For Marx, individuality is the result of that practical social interdependency which continually produces novel avenues for self-expression and self-realization. This chapter distinguishes Marx’s concept of the “rich” or “social” individual from the essentially independent, atomistic, and competitive individual of much liberal political theory. It details the significance of Marx’s dissertation on ancient Greek atomistic physics as well as his later critique of Max Stirner’s ethical egoism. The history of human social development is intimately and necessarily connected with the history of the emergence and further development of human individuality. In fact, they are two moments of the same historical process. The claim that human individuals are the products of human social activity and intervention into history anchors Marx’s historical materialist critique of capitalism, his criticism of liberal political theory, his revolutionary program, and his vision of a better world.
Austen, adaptation, and American literature: an analysis of Ibi Zoboi’s Pride
Authors: McQueen Kelsey 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
After writing her first novel American Street, Ibi Zoboi turned to romance for refreshment. But the original drafts of Pride disappointed Zoboi, for they were too sociopolitical for her present purpose. Zoboi’s editor suggested that she import the plot of Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice into her manuscript as a supportive architecture, and her longed-for romance novel bloomed into being. In the following article, I conclude that Zoboi did not simply strip her novel of its intellectual, social, and political activity when she foregrounded romance and the experience of being a Black teenager in a rapidly gentrifying neighbourhood in Pride. Rather, I find that Zoboi relocated that alternative activity underground, to lower strata of her novel. In other words, I identify a significant level of subtextual and specifically literary activity going on in Zoboi’s Austen adaptation. Studying this phenomenon promises insight into the myriad purposes and possibilities associated with adapting Jane Austen (and other highly canonical authors) in the twenty-first century. Zoboi harnesses the power of adaptation, and specifically its built-in intertextuality, to imagine and ensconce African American futures. Then, Pride proves a special illumination of the relationship between adaptation and Afrofuturism. In these pages, I survey this literary layering of Pride, and I argue that Ibi Zoboi’s book, with all its rich ores of intertextuality, ought to be interpreted as a metafictional meditation on the acts of reading and writing. In addition, I indicate how this activity implicates Pride as a seminal Afrofuturist text.
Educational inequalities in multimorbidity at older ages: a multi-generational population-based study
Authors: Wagner Cornelia , Jackisch Josephine , Ortega Natalia , Chiolero Arnaud , Cullati Stéphane , Carmeli Cristian 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Social inequalities in multimorbidity may occur due to familial and/or individual factors and may differ between men and women. Using population-based multi-generational data, this study aimed to (1) assess the roles of parental and individual education in the risk of multimorbidity and (2) examine the potential effect modification by sex.

Methods
Data were analysed from 62 060 adults aged 50+ who participated in the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, comprising 14 European countries. Intergenerational educational trajectories (exposure) were High–High (reference), Low–High, High–Low and Low–Low, corresponding to parental–individual educational attainments. Multimorbidity (outcome) was ascertained between 2013 and 2020 as self-reported occurrence of ≥2 diagnosed chronic conditions. Inequalities were quantified as multimorbidity-free years lost (MFYL) between the ages of 50 and 90 and estimated via differences in the area under the standardized cumulative risk curves. Effect modification by sex was assessed via stratification.

Results
Low individual education was associated with higher multimorbidity risk regardless of parental education. Compared to the High–High trajectory, Low–High was associated with −0.2 MFYL (95% confidence intervals: −0.5 to 0.1), High–Low with 3.0 (2.4–3.5), and Low–Low with 2.6 (2.3–2.9) MFYL. This pattern was observed for both sexes, with a greater magnitude for women. This effect modification was not observed when only diseases diagnosed independently of healthcare-seeking behaviours were examined.

Conclusions
Individual education was the main contributor to intergenerational inequalities in multimorbidity risk among older European adults. These findings support the importance of achieving a high education to mitigate multimorbidity risk.
HOMOEOSIS IN DROSOPHILA. II. A GENETIC ANALYSIS OF POLYCOMB
Authors: Denell R E 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Three dominant mutant alleles of the Polycomb locus of Drosophila melanogaster are associated with homoeotic transformations of meso- and meta-thoracic to prothoracic legs, a homoeotic transformation of antennae to legs, and abnormalities of wings and some thoracic bristles. Puro and Nygrén (1975) localized Polycomb in the proximal left arm of chromosome 3 within salivary gland chromosome interval 77E,F-80. In the present study, the location and dosage relationships of this locus were examined, using translocation-generated segmental aneuploidy. The results indicate that Polycomb lies within interval 78C,D-79D, and that the locus is haplo-insufficient. Males hypoploid for this interval show meso- and metathoracic leg transformations, and both males and females show wing abnormalities. In addition, the legs of hypoploids of both sexes are shorter than those of wild-type flies, and show aberrancies of segmentation, chaetal number and distribution, and other morphological characteristics. Hypoploid flies do not express a homoeotic antennal-leg transformation, but the deficiency is associated with a Minute phenotype that is known to suppress this transformation in Polycomb flies; thus it cannot be ascertained whether the antennal-leg transformation is a haplo-insufficient phenotype. It is suggested that the expression of non-homoeotic pleiotropic effects provides a criterion for identifying homoeotic mutations that do not function directly in the establishment of determined states, but rather cause homoeosis indirectly. Polycomb is interpreted in this fashion, and it is suggested that the mutant syndrome may result from localized cell death.
Access to treatment before and after Medicare coverage of opioid treatment programs
Authors: Liu Ruijie , Beetham Tamara , Newton Helen , Busch Susan H 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Since January 2020, Medicare has covered opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment services at opioid treatment programs (OTPs), the only outpatient settings allowed to dispense methadone for treating OUD. This study examined policy-associated changes in Medicare acceptance and the availability of four OUD treatment services (ongoing buprenorphine, HIV/AIDS education, employment services, and comprehensive mental health assessment), by for-profit status, and county-level changes in Medicare-accepting-OTPs access, by sociodemographic characteristics (racial composition, poverty rate, and rurality). Using data from the 2019-2022 National Directory of Drug and Alcohol Abuse Treatment Facilities, we found Medicare acceptance increased from 21.31% in 2018 to 80.76% in 2021. The availability of the four treatment services increased, but no increases were significantly associated with Medicare coverage. While county-level OTP access significantly improved, counties with higher rates of non-White residents experienced an additional average increase of 0.86 Medicare-accepting-OTPs (95% CI, 0.05–1.67) compared to those without higher rates of non-White populations. Overall, Medicare coverage was associated with improved OTP access, not ancillary services.
Error analysis for a Crouzeix–Raviart approximation of the variable exponent Dirichlet problem
Authors: Balci Anna Kh , Kaltenbach Alex 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In the present paper, we examine a Crouzeix–Raviart approximation of the $p(\cdot )$-Dirichlet problem. We derive a medius error estimate, i.e., a best-approximation result, which holds for uniformly continuous exponents and implies a priori error estimates, which apply for Hölder continuous exponents and are optimal for Lipschitz continuous exponents. Numerical experiments are carried out to review the theoretical findings.
Red, blue or mix: choice of optimal light qualities for enhanced plant growth and development through in silico analysis
Authors: Chan Andrew M H , Pay Miao Lin , Christensen Jesper , He Fei , Roden Laura C , Ahmed Hafiz , Foo Mathias 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In smart greenhouse farming, the impact of light qualities on plant growth and development is crucial but lacks systematic identification of optimal combinations. This study addresses this gap by analysing various light properties’ effects (photoperiod, intensity, ratio, light–dark order) on Arabidopsis thaliana growth using days-to-flower (DTF) and hypocotyl length as proxies to measure plant growth and development. After establishing suitable ranges through a comprehensive literature review, these properties varied within those ranges. Compared to white light, a 16-h cycle of blue light reduces DTF and hypocotyl length by 12 % and 3 %, respectively. Interestingly, similar results can be achieved using a shorter photoperiod of 14-h light (composed of 8 h of a mixture of 66.7 μmol m−2s−1 red and 800 μmol m−2s−1 blue lights (i.e. blue:red ratio of 12:1) followed by 6 h of monochromatic red light and 10-h dark. These findings offer potential for efficient growth light recipes in smart greenhouse farming, optimizing productivity while minimizing energy consumption.
Minimally Invasive Blood Collection for an Mpox Serosurvey among People Experiencing Homelessness
Authors: Waddell Caroline J , Pellegrini Gerald J , Persad Neela , Filardo Thomas D , Prasad Namrata , Carson William C , Navarra Terese , Townsend Michael B , Satheshkumar Panayampalli S , Lowe David , Borne Deborah , Okoye Nnenna , Janssen Julia , Bejarano Anamaría , Mosites Emily , Marx Grace E 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
People experiencing homelessness (PEH) are underrepresented in public health and clinical research. Study methods that can improve participation by this group are needed.

Methods
In late 2022, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention conducted an mpox serological survey using venipuncture among PEH in San Francisco, California. Blood collection by a minimally invasive device was offered if venipuncture was not possible or preferred. Participants who had a successful blood draw using the device were asked about device acceptability.

Results
Of the 209 successful blood collections, 137 (66%) were among participants who underwent venipuncture and 72 (34%) were among participants who used the device. Use of the device increased overall blood collection participation by 53%. Participants reported high acceptability and preference for the device over venipuncture.

Conclusions
Minimally invasive blood collection devices may increase participation and representation of PEH in serosurveys.
Comprehensive analysis of non-selective and selective autophagy in yeast atg mutants and characterization of autophagic activity in the absence of the Atg8 conjugation system
Authors: Ginevskaia Tamara , Innokentev Aleksei , Furukawa Kentaro , Fukuda Tomoyuki , Hayatsu Manabu , Yamashita Shun-ichi , Inoue Keiichi , Shibata Shinsuke , Kanki Tomotake 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Most autophagy-related genes, or ATG genes, have been identified through studies using budding yeast. Although the functions of the ATG genes are well understood, the contributions of individual genes to non-selective and various types of selective autophagy remain to be fully elucidated. In this study, we quantified the activity of non-selective autophagy, the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway, mitophagy, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-phagy and pexophagy in all Saccharomyces cerevisiae atg mutants. Among the mutants of the core autophagy genes considered essential for autophagy, the atg13 mutant and mutants of the genes involved in the two ubiquitin-like conjugation systems retained residual autophagic functionality. In particular, mutants of the Atg8 ubiquitin-like conjugation system (the Atg8 system) exhibited substantial levels of non-selective autophagy, the Cvt pathway and pexophagy, although mitophagy and ER-phagy were undetectable. Atg8-system mutants also displayed intravacuolar vesicles resembling autophagic bodies, albeit at significantly reduced size and frequency. Thus, our data suggest that membranous sequestration and vacuolar delivery of autophagic cargo can occur in the absence of the Atg8 system. Alongside these findings, the comprehensive analysis conducted here provides valuable datasets for future autophagy research.
Hdac3-deficiency increases senescence-associated distention of satellite DNA and telomere-associated foci in osteoprogenitor cells
Authors: Yeo Dongwook , Zars Fisher Elizabeth L , Khosla Sundeep , Farr Joshua N , Westendorf Jennifer J 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Histone deacetylase 3 (Hdac3) is an epigenetic regulator of gene expression and interacts with skeletal transcription factors such as Runx2. We previously reported that conditional deletion of Hdac3 in Osterix-Cre recombinase-expressing osteoprogenitor cells (Hdac3 CKOOsx) caused osteopenia and increased marrow adiposity, both hallmarks of skeletal aging. We also showed that Runx2+ cells within osteogenic cultures of Hdac3-depleted bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) contain lipid droplets (LDs). Cellular senescence, a nonproliferative metabolically active state, is associated with increased marrow adiposity, bone loss, and aging. In this study, we sought to determine if Hdac3 depleted Runx2+ pre-osteoblasts from young mice exhibit chromatin changes associated with early cellular senescence and how these events correlate with the appearance of LDs. We first confirmed that BMSCs from Hdac3 CKOOsx mice have more Runx2 + LD+ cells compared with controls under osteogenic conditions. We then measured senescence-associated distention of satellite (SADS) DNA and telomere-associated foci (TAFs) in Hdac3 CKOOsx and control BMSCs. In situ, Runx2+ cells contained more SADS per nuclei in Hdac3 CKOOsx femora than in controls. Runx2+ BMSCs from Hdac3 CKOOsx mice also contained more SADS and TAFs per nuclei than Runx2+ cells from age-matched control mice in vitro. SADs and TAFs were present at similar levels in Runx2 + LD+ cells and Runx2 + LD− cells from Hdac3 CKOOsx mice. Hdac inhibitors also increased the number of SADS in Runx2 + LD+ and Runx2 + LD− WT BMSCs. Senolytics reduced viable cell numbers in Hdac3 CKOOsx BMSC cultures. These data demonstrate that the depletion of Hdac3 in osteochondral progenitor cells triggers LD formation and early events in cellular senescence in Runx2+ BMSCs through mutually exclusive mechanisms.