bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A simple methodology for the synthesis of heterotelechelic protein–polymer–biomolecule conjugates
Authors: Liu Jingquan , Liu Huiyun , Bulmus Volga , Tao Lei , Boyer Cyrille , Davis Thomas P. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA synthetic protocol for the preparation of hetero‐biofunctional protein–polymer conjugates is described. A chain transfer agent, S,S‐bis (α,α′‐dimethyl‐α″‐acetic acid) trithiocarbonate was functionalized with α,ω‐pyridyl disulfide (PDS) groups, Subsequently, one of the PDS groups was covalently attached to bovine serum albumin (BSA) at the specific free thiol group on the cysteine residue through a disulfide linkage. The second PDS group remained intact, as it was found to be inaccessible to further BSA functionalization. The BSA‐macro‐reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agent was then used to prepare BSA‐polymer conjugates via in situ polymerization of oligo (ethyleneglycol) acrylate and N‐(2‐hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide using an ambient temperature initiator, 4,4′‐azobis [2,9‐imidazolin‐2‐ethyl)propane] dihydrochloride in an aqueous medium. Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) confirmed that the in situ polymerization occurred at the protein surface where the RAFT agent was attached and the molecular weights of the BSA–polymer conjugates were found to increase concomitantly with monomer conversion and polymerization time. After polymerization the remaining terminal PDS groups were then utilized to attach thiocholesterol and a flurophore, rhodamine B to the protein–polymer conjugates via disulfide coupling. UV–Vis and fluorescence analyses revealed that ∼80% of the protein conjugates were found to retain integral PDS end groups for further attachment to free thiol‐tethered precursors. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 1399–1405, 2010
Synthesis and self‐assembly of rod‐coil molecules with n‐shaped rod building block
Authors: Zhong Ke‐Li , Huang Zhegang , Man Zhijin , Jin Long Yi , Yin Bingzhu , Lee Myongsoo 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe rod‐coil molecules with n‐shaped rod building block, consisting of an anthracene unit and two biphenyl groups linked together with acetylenyl bonds at the 1,8‐position of anthracene as a rigid rod segment, and the alkyl or alkyloxy chains with various length (i.e., methoxy‐ (1), octyl‐ (2), hexadecyl‐ (3)) at the 10‐position of anthracene and poly(ethylene oxide) with the number of repeating units of 7 connected with biphenyl as coil segments were synthesized. The molecular structures were characterized by 1H NMR and MALDI‐TOF mass spectroscopy. The self‐assembling behavior of new type of molecules 1–3 was investigated by means of DSC, POM, and SAXS at the bulk state. These molecules with a n‐shaped rod building block segment self‐assemble into supramolecular structures through the combination of π–π stacking of rigid rod building blocks and microphase separation of the rod and coil blocks. SAXS studies reveal that molecules 1 and 2 show hexagonal columnar and rectangular columnar structures in the liquid crystalline phase, respectively; meanwhile, molecules 1–3 self‐organize into lamellar structures in the crystalline state. In addition, self‐assembling studies of molecules 1–3 by DLS and TEM indicated that these molecules self‐assemble into elongated nanofibers in aqueous medium. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 1415–1422, 2010
Synthesis and characterization of cyclopentadithiophene‐based low bandgap copolymers containing electron‐deficient benzoselenadiazole derivatives for photovoltaic devices
Authors: Jung In Hwan , Kim Hoyeon , Park Moo‐Jin , Kim Bongjun , Park Jong‐Hwa , Jeong Eunjae , Woo Han Young , Yoo Seunghyup , Shim Hong‐Ku 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe have synthesized two cyclopentadithiophene (CDT)‐based low bandgap copolymers, poly[(4,4‐bis(2‐ethyl‐hexyl)‐4H‐cyclopenta[2,1‐b:3,4‐b′]dithiophene‐2,6‐diyl)‐alt‐(benzo[c][1,2,5]selenadiazole‐4,7‐diyl)] (PCBSe) and poly[(4,4‐bis(2‐ethyl‐hexyl)‐4H‐cyclopenta[2,1‐b:3,4‐b′]dithiophene‐2,6‐diyl)‐alt‐(4,7‐dithiophen‐2‐yl‐benzo[c][1,2,5]selenadiazole‐5,5′‐diyl)] (PCT2BSe), for use in photovoltaic applications. Through the internal charge transfer interaction between the electron‐donating CDT unit and the electron‐accepting benzoselenadiazole, we realized exceedingly low bandgap polymers with bandgaps of 1.37–1.46 eV. The UV–vis absorption maxima of PCT2BSe were subjected to larger hypsochromic shifts than those of PCBSe, because of the distorted electron donor–acceptor (D–A) structures of the PCT2BSe backbone. These results were supported by the calculations of the D–A complex using the ab initio Hartree‐Fock method with a split‐valence 6‐31G* basis set. However, PCT2BSe exhibited a better molar absorption coefficient in the visible region, which can lead to more efficient absorption of sunlight. As a result, PCT2BSe blended with [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) exhibited a better photovoltaic performance than PCBSe because of the larger spectral overlap integral with respect to the solar spectrum. Furthermore, when the polymers were blended with PC71BM, PCT2BSe showed the best performance, with an open circuit voltage of 0.55 V, a short‐circuit current of 6.63 mA/cm2, and a power conversion efficiency of 1.34% under air mass 1.5 global illumination conditions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 1423–1432, 2010
Living cationic polymerization of an azide‐containing vinyl ether toward addressable functionalization of polymers
Authors: Ida Shohei , Ouchi Makoto , Sawamoto Mitsuo 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe first achieved the living cationic polymerization of azide‐containing monomer, 2‐azidoethyl vinyl ether (AzVE), with SnCl4 as a catalyst (activator) in conjunction with the HCl adduct of a vinyl ether [H‐CH2CH(OR)‐Cl; R  CH2CH2Cl, CH2CH(CH3)2]. Despite the potentially poisoning azide group, the produced polymers possessed controlled molecular weights and fairly narrow distributions (Mw/Mn ∼ 1.2) and gave block polymers with 2‐chloroethyl vinyl ether. The pendent azide groups are easily converted into various functional groups via mild and selective reactions, such as the Staudinger reduction and copper‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne 1,3‐cycloaddition (CuAAC; a “click” reaction). These reactions led to quantitative pendent functionalization into primary amine (NH2), hydroxy (OH), and carboxyl (COOH) groups, at room temperature and without any acidic or basic treatment. Thus, poly(AzVE) is a versatile precursor for a wide variety of functional vinyl ether polymers with well‐defined structures and molecular weights. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 1449–1455, 2010
Cocrystallization in ternary blends of ferroelectric copolymers
Authors: Faria Luiz O. , Welter Cezar , Moreira Roberto L. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn this work, we report evidences of cocrystallization in ternary blends made of crystalline ferroelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride‐trifluorethylene) [P(VDF‐TrFE)] copolymers. Complete cocrystallization has been unequivocally demonstrated by the observation of just one Curie and one Melting temperature in their calorimetric thermograms. These temperatures were intermediary among the respective temperatures of the individual constituents, that is, P(VDF‐TrFE)72/28, P(VDF‐TrFE)63/37, and P(VDF‐TrFE)50/50. Dielectric and X ray diffraction data were used to complement the investigation. The binary blends made of 63/37 and 72/28 copolymers were found to be miscible in the entire range of composition, with the behavior of their Curie temperatures being well fitted by an equation very similar to that proposed by Gordon‐Taylor to describe the behavior of the glass transition temperatures in true binary blends. In the ternary crystalline system, we have found evidences that the complete miscibility of the binary blend made of 63/37 and 72/28 copolymers actually drives the P(VDF‐TrFE)50/50 copolymer to accommodate their chains in its binary crystalline structure. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 621–626, 2010
Miscibility enhancement and formation of interpenetrating spherulites in ternary blends of crystalline polymers
Authors: Ikehara Takayuki , Kimura Hironori , Kataoka Toshiyuki 
Published: February 2010

AbstractMiscible blends of three crystalline polymers, namely poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), poly(ethylene succinate) (PES), and poly(oxyethylene) (POE), exhibited interpenetrating spherulites, where a spherulite of one component grows inside the spherulites of other components. PBS and PES were immiscible above the melting points, Tm, of these substances, while ternary blends with POE showed miscibility, which depended on the molecular weight of POE. PBS and PES exhibited the same spherulitic growth process as in a miscible binary blend when they were crystallized from a homogeneous ternary melt. Spherulites of PBS, which is the highest‐Tm component, filled the whole volume first when a miscible ternary blend was quenched below Tm of POE, the lowest‐Tm component. Then, the blends showed either two types of crystallization processes. One was successive nucleation and growth of PES and POE spherulites, that is, PES nucleated and developed spherulites inside the PBS spherulites and then POE spherulites grew inside the interlocked spherulites of PBS and PES. The other was simultaneous growth and the formation of interpenetrating spherulites of PES and POE inside the PBS spherulites. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 706–711, 2010
Strain energy function of swollen polybutadiene elastomers studied by general biaxial strain testing
Authors: Bitoh Yohsuke , Akuzawa Norio , Urayama Kenji , Takigawa Toshikazu 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe stress–strain behavior of polybutadiene elastomers with various degrees of swelling is investigated for general biaxial strain. Although a number of previous observations have suggested that the classical neoHookean (NH) model describes the uniaxial data of an elastomer in a highly swollen state, the NH model evidently fails to reproduce the biaxial data. This result indicates that the successful fit of the NH model for the uniaxial data of highly swollen elastomers, which has long been recognized, is superficial. We show that the biaxial data in all of the various swollen states including the neat (unswollen) state are satisfactorily described by an Ogden‐type strain energy function with a single set of parameters. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 721–728, 2010
Influence of interaction between poly(methyl methacrylate) and clay on the properties of nanocomposites prepared by a heterocoagulation method
Authors: Yang Jintao , Chen Feng , Zhang Fang , Fei Zhengdong , Zhong Mingqiang 
Published: February 2010

AbstractTo have a better insight into the effect of interaction between polymer matrix and clay on the properties of nanocomposite, poly(methyl methacrylate)/clay nanocomposites were prepared by a heterocoagulation method. Using a reactive cationic emulsifier, methacryloyloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (METAC), a strong polymer–clay interaction was obtained with the advantage of keeping a consistent polymer matrix property. X‐ray diffraction and transmission electronic microscopy indicated an exfoliated structure in nanocomposites. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the nanocomposites was measured by DSC and DMA. The DMA results showed that with a strong interaction, PMMA–METAC nanocomposite showed a 20 °C enhancement in glass transition temperature (Tg), whereas a slight increase in Tg was observed for PMMA–cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)/clay nanocomposite with a weak interaction. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 733–738, 2010
Changes in exhaled nitric oxide after ingestion of L‐arginine in children: A pilot study
Authors: Abuzayan Ibrahim , Turner Stephen W. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractRationaleExhaled nitric oxide (FENO) may be a useful biomarker for asthma and is derived from enzymatic activity on the amino acid L‐arginine. The aim of the present pilot study was to study the effect of L‐arginine ingestion on FENO and also NO production in the proximal and distal airways.MethodsAsthmatic and control children were enrolled and phenotyped by skin prick reactivity and spirometry. FENO was measured before and after ingestion of 0.2 g/kg L‐arginine. Proximal and distal NO production (J'awNO and CANO) were derived using the method of Tsoukias.ResultsTwenty children were recruited, 11 steroid‐treated asthmatics, 1 steroid‐naïve asthmatic, and 8 healthy controls. The median baseline FENO before L‐arginine administration was 31 ppb (interquartile range, IQR, 15, 61). At baseline, the median J'awNO was 1000 nl/sec (IQR 650, 2880) and the median CANO was 2.3 ppb (IQR 1.8, 4.5). FENO rose by an average of 5.5 ppb [95% CI 3.5, 7.5] (P < 0.001) 60 min after ingestion of L‐arginine and 1.5 ppb [95% CI −0.9, 4.0] (P = 0.188) after 120 min. One hour after L‐arginine ingestion, J'awNO did not change but CANO rose by an average of 2.6 ppb [95% CI 0.5, 4.7], P = 0.020.ConclusionThe rise in FENO after dietary exposure to L‐arginine is modest, transient, and of little or no clinical significance. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2010; 45:236–240. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Candidate biomarkers in exosome‐like vesicles purified from rat and mouse urine samples
Authors: Conde‐Vancells Javier , Rodriguez‐Suarez Eva , Gonzalez Esperanza , Berisa Agustin , Gil David , Embade Nieves , Valle Mikel , Luka Zigmund , Elortza Felix , Wagner Conrad , Lu Shelly C. , Mato Jose M. , Falcon‐Perez Juan M. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPurpose: There is a compelling clinical imperative to identify discerning molecular biomarkers of hepatic disease in order to inform the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment.Experimental design: We have investigated the proteome of urinary vesicles present in urine samples obtained from experimental models for the study of liver injury, as an approach for identifying potential biomarkers for hepatic disease.Results: The biochemical and proteomic characterization of highly purified exosome‐like urinary vesicles has identified 28 proteins previously unreported in these vesicles, and many that have been previously associated with diseases, such as the prion‐related protein. Furthermore, in urine samples from D‐galactosamine‐treated rats, a well‐characterized experimental model for acute liver injury, we have detected a severe reduction in some proteins that normally are clearly detected in urinary vesicles. Finally, differential protein content on urinary vesicles from a mouse model for chronic liver injury has been also identified.Conclusions and clinical relevance: Our results argue positively that urinary vesicles could be a source for identifying non‐invasive biomarkers of liver injury. We proposed some proteins such as Cd26, Cd81, Slc3A1 and Cd10 that have been found to be differentially expressed in urinary vesicles from some of the analyzed models as potential biomarkers for liver injury.
Sub‐proteome approach to the knowledge of liver
Authors: Falcón‐Pérez Juan M. , Lu Shelly C. , Mato José M. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn the recent years, global proteomics approaches have been widely used to characterize a number of tissue proteomes including plasma and liver; however, the elevated complexity of these samples in combination with the high abundance of some specific proteins make the study of the lowest abundant proteins difficult. This review is focused on different strategies that have been developed to extend the proteome focused on these two tissues, as, for example, the analysis of sub‐cellular proteomes. In this regard, two special kind of extracellular vesicles – exosomes and membrane plasma shedding vesicles – are emerging as excellent biological source both to extend the liver and plasma proteomes and to be applied in the discovery of non‐invasive liver‐specific disease biomarkers.
Immunoglobulins are the major glycoproteins involved in the modifications of total serum N‐glycome in cirrhotic patients
Authors: Klein André , Carre Yoann , Louvet Alexandre , Michalski Jean‐Claude , Morelle Willy 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPurpose: N‐glycosylation modifications in human serum glycoproteins have been described in hepatic cirrhosis. To identify the glycoproteins carrying these modifications and to determine their influences in the modification of the total serum N‐glycome (TSNG) in cirrhotic patients, we have performed the glycosylation analysis of immunoglobulins, transferrin, 1 antitrypsin and haptoglobin of patients who have developed cirrhosis.Experimental design: The glycosylation analysis of immunoglobulins G, transferrin, 1 antitrypsin and haptoglobin of 14 patients who have developed cirrhosis and 11 healthy controls was performed using strategies based on MS, 2‐DE and affinity chromatography.Results: We demonstrated that the N‐glycosylation of both hepatic and plasma cell secreted glycoproteins is modified, and that the major modifications of TSNG are carried by immunoglobulins A and G.Conclusions and clinical Relevance: The search for glycomic biomarkers used as an alternative to liver biopsy for the assessment of fibrosis in chronic liver disease is extremely important. Variations in the glycosylation of immunoglobulins are responsible for the main modifications affecting the TSNG and effector properties of the Fc of these molecules, and certainly contribute to the pathophysiology of fibrosis.
Comprehensive human urine standards for comparability and standardization in clinical proteome analysis
Authors: Mischak Harald , Kolch Walter , Aivaliotis Michalis , Bouyssié David , Court Magali , Dihazi Hassan , Dihazi Gry H. , Franke Julia , Garin Jérôme , de Peredo Anne Gonzalez , Iphöfer Alexander , Jänsch Lothar , Lacroix Chrystelle , Makridakis Manousos , Masselon Christophe , Metzger Jochen , Monsarrat Bernard , Mrug Michal , Norling Martin , Novak Jan , Pich Andreas , Pitt Andrew , Bongcam‐Rudloff Erik , Siwy Justyna , Suzuki Hitoshi , Thongboonkerd Visith , Wang Li‐Shun , Zoidakis Jérôme , Zürbig Petra , Schanstra Joost P. , Vlahou Antonia 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPurpose: Urine proteomics is emerging as a powerful tool for biomarker discovery. The purpose of this study is the development of a well‐characterized “real life” sample that can be used as reference standard in urine clinical proteomics studies.Experimental design: We report on the generation of male and female urine samples that are extensively characterized by different platforms and methods (CE‐MS, LC‐MS, LC‐MS/MS, 1‐D gel analysis in combination with nano‐LC MS/MS (using LTQ‐FT ultra), and 2‐DE‐MS) for their proteome and peptidome. In several cases analysis involved a definition of the actual biochemical entities, i.e. proteins/peptides associated with molecular mass and detected PTMs and the relative abundance of these compounds.Results: The combination of different technologies allowed coverage of a wide mass range revealing the advantages and complementarities of the different technologies. Application of these samples in “inter‐laboratory” and “inter‐platform” data comparison is also demonstrated.Conclusions and clinical relevance: These well‐characterized urine samples are freely available upon request to enable data comparison especially in the context of biomarker discovery and validation studies. It is also expected that they will provide the basis for the comprehensive characterization of the urinary proteome.
Concrete chips and soggy semolina: the contested spaces of the school dinner hall
Authors: Metcalfe Alan , Owen Jenny , Dryden Caroline , Shipton Geraldine 
Published: February 2010

AbstractRecent years have seen a renewed popular interest in school meals, following criticism that they lacked adequate nutritional value. Underlying this is an apparent concern with civilising children: feeding them the right types of food will ensure they are properly shaped and disciplined, becoming competent social actors. Current discourses often suggest a picture of two distinct and competing sets of actors: one (the state) has power to impose its will and the other (children and families) are subject to this or can at best resist, in a context in which nutrition is one of the means by which civility is inculcated. In this article, we examine the involvement of multiple social actors in three aspects of the school meals system. First, we consider the rational, bureaucratic, McDonaldised process by which the state and other powerful actors seek to shape meal provisioning; second, we discuss the ways in which school meals are served and organised ‘on the ground’ by catering staff and dinner ladies; and third, we examine how children use food and the spaces provided to manage relationships. We conclude by arguing that the power relations embedded in these practices go beyond the ‘orthodoxy’ of domination and resistance: first, they are tempered by subtle practices of supplementation and amelioration, and second, there are always gaps and tensions within and between concepts and practices of civility. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phase diagram of the NdFe1–xRhx AsO superconductor
Authors: Shi H. Y. , Wang X. L. , Xia T.‐L. , Zhang Q. M. , Wang X. Q. , Zhao T.‐S. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPolycrystalline samples with a nominal composition of NdFe1–xRhx AsO (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.25) were synthesized using a solid state reaction method. Bulk superconductivity with a maximum TC = 13 K is observed in the x = 0.1 sample. A temperature–composition phase diagram is established for the NdFe1–xRhx AsO system based on the electrical resistivity and magnetization measurements. A first‐order‐like transition from an antiferromagnetic state to the superconducting state at a critical Rh‐doping point xC ≈ 0.045 is observed in the present phase diagram. The value for the upper critical field μ0Hc2(0) is estimated to be about 26 T for the x = 0.10 sample by using the Werthamer–Helfand–Hohenberg theory. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Engineering Design for Six Sigma—a systematic approach
Authors: Hasenkamp Torben 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWhile the concept of engineering design is well established and clearly defined, Design for Six Sigma (DFSS) is a relatively new concept aiming at Six Sigma performance by improved design activity. There are different engineering design models available in the literature which characterize design stages and thereby describe how engineering design activity can be systematized. The actual connection of DFSS with the more established contents of engineering design activity has been less emphasized in the literature. By reviewing the existing literature this paper clarifies the contributions of DFSS to the different stages of a systematic engineering design process. First engineering design models available in the literature are presented and the choice for one systematic design process is motivated. This process is then used as a reference for where and how DFSS contributions can take place. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.