bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RELATING CONSUMER ACCEPTANCE TO DESCRIPTIVE ATTRIBUTES BY THREE‐WAY EXTERNAL PREFERENCE MAPPING OBTAINED BY PARALLEL FACTOR ANALYSIS (PARAFAC)
Authors: NUNES CLEITON A. , BASTOS SABRINA C. , PINHEIRO ANA CARLA M. , PIMENTA CARLOS J. , PIMENTA MARIA EMÍLIA S. GOMES 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTThis work considers the hypothesis of using Parallel Factor Analysis (PARAFAC) for relating consumer acceptance to descriptive attributes by employing three‐way external preference maps. A pilot case study with a real data set from six commercial samples of grape juice was conducted. The results revealed that PARAFAC was useful for relating consumer acceptance to descriptive attributes, by simultaneously considering the various analyzed attributes by three‐way external preference maps. The three‐way external preference maps provided a general interpretation of the data, thereby making it possible to simultaneously relate consumer preferences, sensorial attributes and descriptive characteristics.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThree‐way external preference mapping enables the simultaneous analysis of the correlations (interactions) among consumer preferences, products and different evaluated attributes, as in the previously proposed three‐way internal preference mapping; but in this approach, descriptive parameters are also considered in the analysis. It enables an analysis of the overall performance of the samples in the acceptance test using a single map and to simultaneously correlate the descriptive attributes to acceptance for all consumer attributes. The three‐way approach is able to access overall performance of samples in the consumer acceptance test without the need to evaluate overall liking attribute. This is advantageous, e.g., to prevent the halo effect of attributes on overall liking.
QUESTIONNAIRE ON MEXICANS' FAMILIARITY WITH ODOR NAMES
Authors: SEVERIANO‐PÉREZ PATRICIA , CADENA‐AGUILAR ARELY ARGENTINA , VARGAS‐CHANES DELFINO , GUEVARA‐GUZMÁN ROSALINDA 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTOur aim was to identify culture‐specific odors to design an olfactory assessment (identity and recognition, threshold, olfactory discrimination and memory tests) for Mexican population.A survey was made using 1,308 Mexicans. We asked them about their familiarity, preference and frequency with which they smelled 58 different kinds of odors. The most familiar odor names were guava, orange and lime, with orange, cinnamon and rose as the most preferred.Significant differences in familiarity were found between genders for some floral and spicy odors. Age and occupation were associated with people's ability to recognize floral, herbal, spicy, fruity and other odor names. Certain floral odor names are only familiar to people born in specific places. Overall, the variables age, gender and occupation had influence over the familiarity of odor names, with citrus as the most familiar scent for the Mexican population.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSWe determined the most familiar and preferred scents to Mexicans, which will form the basis for designing a methodology suitable for olfactory assessment (identity and recognition, threshold, olfactory discrimination and memory tests) in this population, allowing the clinical use and study of correlation with chemoreception, chemosensory and chemical senses.
IMPACT OF SAMPLE THICKNESS ON DESCRIPTIVE TEXTURE ANALYSIS OF CHEDDAR CHEESE
Authors: BARDEN L.M. , DRAKE M.A. , FOEGEDING E.A. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractCheeses are available with different levels of fat and in different sizes and shapes (e.g., slices or cubes). This research investigated the effect of moving from a slice to a cube (constant 2‐D surface area, increased volume) on textural evaluation of Cheddar cheese at three different fat levels using both descriptive sensory analysis and consumer testing. Thin slices (2 mm thickness) were generally judged to be less firm and hard than thicker (8–20 mm) samples. However, there was no difference because of sample thickness in texture terms evaluated after five chews. Consumer liking (flavor, texture and overall) was not altered by sample thickness and decreased with fat reduction. Consumers preferred large sized (8 and 14 mm) samples over the thin slices. The potential benefit from a less hard, thin slice did not result in improved preference. It can be concluded that sample size does not alter the overall sensory perception such that differences because of fat content are diminished.Practical ApplicationsSensory analysis requires a choice in sample volume and shape. Some foods, such as cheese, are sold in a range of sizes, varying from slices to cubes. This research was designed to determine if sample size altered the textural perception of Cheddar cheese. Descriptive analysis indicated that slices, the thinnest sample, were generally rated as less firm/hard, but there was no consistent sample size effect on terms evaluated after chewing. Consumer testing showed that differences in liking (flavor, texture and overall) were due to fat level alone and not altered by sample size.
Bacterial diversity in the rhizosphere of maize and the surrounding carbonate‐rich bulk soil
Authors: García‐Salamanca Adela , Molina‐Henares M. Antonia , van Dillewijn Pieter , Solano Jennifer , Pizarro‐Tobías Paloma , Roca Amalia , Duque Estrella , Ramos Juan L. 
Published: August 2012

SummaryMaize represents one of the main cultivar for food and energy and crop yields are influenced by soil physicochemical and climatic conditions. To study how maize plants influence soil microbes we have examined microbial communities that colonize maize plants grown in carbonate‐rich soil (pH 8.5) using culture‐independent, PCR‐based methods. We observed a low proportion of unclassified bacteria in this soil whether it was planted or unplanted. Our results indicate that a higher complexity of the bacterial community is present in bulk soil with microbes from nine phyla, while in the rhizosphere microbes from only six phyla were found. The predominant microbes in bulk soil were bacteria of the phyla Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria, while Gammaproteobacteria of the genera Pseudomonas and Lysobacter were the predominant in the rhizosphere. As Gammaproteobacteria respond chemotactically to exudates and are efficient in the utilization of plants exudate products, microbial communities associated to the rhizosphere seem to be plant‐driven. It should be noted that Gammaproteobacteria made available inorganic nutrients to the plants favouring plant growth and then the benefit of the interaction is common.
A Pilot Metabolic Profiling Study in Serum of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Based on 1H‐NMR‐Spectroscopy
Authors: Qi Suwen , Ouyang Xin , Wang Linqian , Peng Wujian , Wen Jinli , Dai Yong 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackground: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the end point of a number of renal and systemic diseases. The metabolomics with a highly multiplexed and efficient manner is a challenging goal in nephrology.Methods: A 1H‐NMR based metabolomics approach was applied to establish a human CKD serum metabolic profile. Serum samples were obtained from CKD patients with four stages (N= 80) and healthy controls (N= 28). The data acquired by CMPG spectrum were further processed by pattern recognition (PR) analysis. Principal components analysis (PCA) and partial least‐squares‐discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) was capable of clustering the disease groups and establishing disease‐specific metabolites profile.Results: The classification models could grade CKD patients with considerably high value of Q2 and R2. The significant endogenous metabolites that contributed to distinguish CKD in different stages included the products of glycolysis (glucose, lactate), amino acids (valine, alanine, glutamate, glycine), organic osmolytes (betaine, myo‐inositol, taurine, glycerophosphcholine), and so on. Based on these metabolites, the model for diagnosing patients with CKD achieved the sensitivity and specificity of 100%.Conclusion: The study illustrated that serum metabolic profile was altered in response to renal dysfunction and the progression of CKD. The identified metabolic biomarkers may provide useful information for the diagnosis of CKD, especially in early stages. Clin Trans Sci 2012; Volume 5: 379–385
Translation to Practice of an Intervention to Promote Colorectal Cancer Screening Among African Americans
Authors: Smith Selina , Johnson Larry , Wesley Diane , Turner Kim B. , McCray Gail , Sheats Joyce , Blumenthal Daniel 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIn a previous report, we demonstrated the efficacy of an intervention to promote colorectal cancer screening among African Americans in a controlled community intervention trial. Participants in the intervention, named EPICS (Educational Program to Increase Colorectal Cancer Screening), were twice as likely to be screened after six months as those in the control group. In the current project, we put the intervention into practice through an academic‐health department partnership, and the intervention performed as well as it had in the controlled trial. This success may be due to the community‐based participatory methods used in designing and testing the intervention. Clin Trans Sci 2012; Volume 5: 412–415
Values in Translation: How Asking the Right Questions Can Move Translational Science Toward Greater Health Impact
Authors: Kelley Maureen , Edwards Kelly , Starks Helene , Fullerton Stephanie M. , James Rosalina , Goering Sara , Holland Suzanne , Disis Mary L. , Burke Wylie 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe speed and effectiveness of current approaches to research translation are widely viewed as disappointing given small gains in real population health outcomes despite huge investments in basic and translational science. We identify critical value questions—ethical, social, economic, and cultural—that arise at moments throughout the research pathway. By making these questions visible, and promoting discussion of them with diverse stakeholders, we can facilitate handoffs along the translational pathway and increase uptake of effective interventions. Who is involved with those discussions will determine which research projects, populations, and methods get prioritized. We argue that some upfront investment in community and interdisciplinary engagement, shaped by familiar questions in ethics, social justice, and cultural knowledge, can save time and resources in the long run because interventions and strategies will be aimed in the right direction, that is, toward health improvements for all. Clin Trans Sci 2012; Volume 5: 445–451
Effects of Oral Rho Kinase Inhibitor Fasudil on Detrusor Overactivity after Bladder Outlet Obstruction in Rats
Authors: KIM Ji‐Yoon , HAN Ji‐Yeon , KWON Tae Gyun , CHOO Myung‐Soo 
Published: August 2012

Objectives: Bladder outlet obstruction (BOO)‐related detrusor hypertrophy is associated with upregulation of Rho‐kinase (ROCK) activity in an experimental animal model, and has been implicated in BOO‐induced bladder dysfunction. The aim of this study was to test whether chronic oral administration of an oral ROCK inhibitor, fasudil (HA1077, 5‐isoquinolinesulfonyl homopiperazine), could prevent the development of both detrusor hypertrophy and detrusor overactivity in rat model.Methods: Thirty five‐week‐old male Sprague‐Dawley rats were divided into three groups (n = 10 per group): control (sham surgical) with no treatment (group 1); 6‐week obstructed rats (group 2); and 6‐week obstructed rats treated for 6 weeks with fasudil (group 3).Results: The BOO group showed increased detrusor overactivity. Treatment with fasudil partly but significantly ameliorated the development of detrusor overactivity. The expression of RhoA protein in detrusor muscle was significantly greater in the BOO group than in the control group and subsequently decreased with fasudil treatment in the BOO‐induced rat.Conclusion: These findings suggest that fasudil, a specific inhibitor of Rho‐kinase, ameliorates BOO‐induced detrusor overactivity in a rat model. Thus, ROCK inhibitor might be used as a novel agent to treat overactive bladder symptoms.
Autologous Peripheral Blood Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Dogs with B‐cell Lymphoma
Authors: Willcox J.L. , Pruitt A. , Suter S.E. 
Published: August 2012

BackgroundPeripheral blood CD34+ hematopoietic cell transplantation (PBHCT) is commonly used to treat human patients with relapsed non‐Hodgkin diffuse, large B‐cell lymphoma with cure rates approaching 50%.ObjectiveTo determine the safety and feasibility of performing PBHCT to treat canine B‐cell lymphoma (LSA) patients in a clinical academic setting.AnimalsTwenty‐four client‐owned dogs diagnosed with B‐cell LSA.MethodsAfter high‐dose cyclophosphamide and rhG‐colony‐stimulating factor treatment, peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected using cell separator machines. The harvested cells then were infused after a 10 Gy dose of total body irradiation (TBI). Post‐irradiation adverse effects were managed symptomatically and dogs were discharged upon evidence of engraftment.ResultsMore than 2 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg were harvested in 23/24 dogs. Preapheresis peripheral blood monocyte count was correlated with the number of CD34+ cells/kg harvested. Twenty‐one of 24 (87.5%) dogs engrafted appropriately, whereas 2 dogs (8.3%) died in the hospital. One (5%) dog exhibited delayed engraftment and died 45 days after PBHCT. One dog developed presumed TBI‐induced pulmonary fibrosis approximately 8 months after PBHCT. The median disease‐free interval and overall survival (OS) of all dogs from the time of PBHCT was 271 and 463 days, respectively. Five of 15 (33%) dogs transplanted before they relapsed remain in clinical remission for their disease at a median OS of 524 days (range, 361–665 days).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceIn most cases, PBHCT led to complete hematologic reconstitution. Therefore, PBHCT may be considered as a treatment option for dogs with B‐cell lymphoma.
Acute Azotemia as a Predictor of Mortality in Dogs and Cats
Authors: Harison E. , Langston C. , Palma D. , Lamb K. 
Published: August 2012

BackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) has been shown to be a predictor of mortality in human medicine. Published studies in the veterinary literature evaluating relative changes in serum creatinine concentration as a prognostic factor are limited.ObjectiveTo evaluate anAKIgrading system based on serum creatinine concentration to determine if it correlates with outcome prediction in dogs and cats.AnimalsSix hundred forty‐five dogs and 209 cats that had at least 2 serum creatinine concentration measurements measured within 7 days.MethodsRetrospective study. Dogs and cats with an initial serum creatinine concentrations of ≤1.6 mg/dL and that had more than 1 concentration measured within 2, 3, and 7 days were placed into levels (0–2) based on absolute changes. Mortality then was determined at 30 and 90 days.ResultsBased on odds ratios calculated with a 95% confidence interval, dogs placed in level 1 within 2 days were approximately 3 times more likely to die within 90 days. Dogs placed in level 2 within 2, 3, or 7 days were approximately 3 times more likely to die within 30 or 90 days. Cats placed in level 2 within 3 or 7 days were approximately 3 times more likely to die at 30 days and 4 times more likely to die if placed in this level within 7 days. If placed in level 2 within 2 or 3 days, cats were approximately 3 times more likely to die within 90 days.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceDetecting increasing severity of azotemia helps predict mortality in dogs and cats.
Oral lichenoid contact lesions induced by areca nut and betel quid chewing: a mini review
Authors: Reichart Peter A. , Warnakulasuriya Saman 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBetel quid (BQ) and areca nut chewing is widely prevalent in many parts of Asia and Asian‐migrant communities throughout the world. Global reports estimate 600 million users. Sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity has been found for BQ and its main ingredient, areca nut. BQ areca nut users have an increased risk of potentially malignant disorders. Among chewers, BQ remains in contact with the oral mucosa for prolonged periods. This review examines the clinical and pathological aspects of lichenoid lesions caused by areca nut and BQ, a condition that has received little attention in the published literature.
In Vitro
and
In Vivo
Activities of the Novel Ketolide RBx 14255 against Clostridium difficile
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Mathur Tarun , Barman Tarani K. , Ramkumar G. , Bhati Ashish , Shukla Gunjan , Kalia Vandana , Pandya Manisha , Raj V. Samuel , Upadhyay Dilip J. , Vaishnavi Chetana , Chakrabarti Anjan , Das Biswajit , Bhatnagar Pradip K. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACT

The MIC
90
of RBx 14255, a novel ketolide, against
Clostridium difficile
was 4 μg/ml (MIC range, 0.125 to 8 μg/ml), and this drug was found to be more potent than comparator drugs. An
in vitro
time-kill kinetics study of RBx 14255 showed time-dependent bacterial killing for
C. difficile
. Furthermore, in the hamster model of
C. difficile
infection, RBx 14255 demonstrated greater efficacy than metronidazole and vancomycin, making it a promising candidate for
C. difficile
treatment.
In Vitro
Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Modeling of Voriconazole Activity against Aspergillus Species in a New
In Vitro
Dynamic Model
Authors: Al-Saigh R. , Elefanti A. , Velegraki A. , Zerva L. , Meletiadis J. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACT

The pharmacodynamics (PD) of voriconazole activity against
Aspergillus
spp. were studied using a new
in vitro
dynamic model simulating voriconazole human pharmacokinetics (PK), and the PK-PD data were bridged with human drug exposure to assess the percent target (near-maximum activity) attainment of different voriconazole dosages. Three
Aspergillus
clinical isolates (1
A. fumigatus
, 1
A. flavus
, and 1
A. terreus
isolate) with CLSI MICs of 0.5 mg/liter were tested in an
in vitro
model simulating voriconazole PK in human plasma with
C
max
values of 7, 3.5, and 1.75 mg/liter and a
t
1/2
of 6 h. The area under the galactomannan index-time curve (AUC
GI
) was used as the PD parameter.
In vitro
PK-PD data were bridged with population human PK of voriconazole exposure, and the percent target attainment was calculated. The
in vitro
PK-PD relationship of
f
AUC
0-24
-AUC
GI
followed a sigmoid pattern (global
R
2
= 0.97), with near-maximum activities (10% fungal growth) observed at an
f
AUC
0-24
(95% confidence interval [CI]) of 18.9 (14.4 to 23.1) mg · h/liter against
A. fumigatus
, 26.6 (21.1 to 32.9) mg · h/liter against
A. flavus
, and 36.2 (27.8 to 45.7) mg · h/liter against
A. terreus
(F test;
P
< 0.0001). Target attainment for 3, 4, and 5 mg/kg-of-body-weight voriconazole dosages was 24% (11 to 45%), 80% (32 to 97%), and 93% (86 to 97%) for
A. fumigatus
, 12% (5 to 26%), 63% (17 to 93%), and 86% (73 to 94%) for
A. flavus
, and 4% (2 to 11%), 36% (6 to 83%), and 68% (47 to 83%) for
A. terreus
. Based on the
in vitro
exposure-effect relationships, a standard dosage of voriconazole may be adequate for most patients with
A. fumigatus
but not
A. flavus
and
A. terreus
infections, for which a higher drug exposure may be required. This could be achieved using a higher voriconazole dosage, thus highlighting the usefulness of therapeutic drug monitoring in patients receiving a standard dosage.
Nevirapine Exposure with WHO Pediatric Weight Band Dosing: Enhanced Therapeutic Concentrations Predicted Based on Extensive International Pharmacokinetic Experience
Authors: Nikanjam Mina , Kabamba Desiré , Cressey Tim R. , Burger David , Aweeka Francesca T. , Acosta Edward P. , Spector Stephen A. , Capparelli Edmund V. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACT
Nevirapine (NVP) is a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) used worldwide as part of combination antiretroviral therapy in infants and children to treat HIV infection. Dosing based on either weight or body surface area has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) but can be difficult to implement in resource-limited settings. The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed simplified weight band dosing for NVP, but it has not been critically evaluated. NVP pharmacokinetic data were combined from eight pediatric clinical trials (Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group [PACTG] studies 245, 356, 366, 377, 403, 1056, and 1069 and Children with HIV in Africa Pharmacokinetics and Adherence of Simple Antiretroviral Regimens [CHAPAS]) representing subjects from multiple continents and across the pediatric age continuum. A population pharmacokinetic model was developed to characterize developmental changes in NVP disposition, identify potential sources of NVP pharmacokinetic variability, and assess various pediatric dosing strategies and their impact on NVP exposure. Age, CYP2B6 genotype, and ritonavir were independent predictors of oral NVP clearance. The Triomune fixed-dose tablet was an independent predictor of bioavailability compared to the liquid and other tablet formulations. Monte Carlo simulations of the final model were used to assess WHO weight band dosing recommendations. The final pharmacokinetic model indicated that WHO weight band dosing is likely to result in a percentage of children with NVP exposure within the target range similar to that obtained with FDA dosing. Weight band dosing of NVP proposed by the WHO has the potential to provide a simple and effective dosing strategy for resource limited settings.
The Liver Partition Coefficient-Corrected Inhibitory Quotient and the Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Relationship of Directly Acting Anti-Hepatitis C Virus Agents in Humans
Authors: Duan Jianmin , Bolger Gordon , Garneau Michel , Amad Ma'an , Batonga Joëlle , Montpetit Hélène , Otis François , Jutras Martin , Lapeyre Nicole , Rhéaume Manon , Kukolj George , White Peter W. , Bethell Richard C. , Cordingley Michael G. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTPharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) data analyses from early hepatitis C virus (HCV) clinical trials failed to show a good correlation between the plasma inhibitory quotient (IQ) and antiviral activity of different classes of directly acting antiviral agents (DAAs). The present study explored whether use of the liver partition coefficient-corrected IQ (LCIQ) could improve the PK-PD relationship. Animal liver partition coefficients (Kpliver) were calculated from liver to plasma exposure ratios.In vitrohepatocyte partition coefficients (Kphep) were determined by the ratio of cellular to medium drug concentrations. Human Kpliverwas predicted using anin vitro-in vivoproportionality method: the species-averaged animal Kplivermultiplied by the ratio of human Kphepover those in animals. LCIQ was calculated using the IQ multiplied by the predicted human Kpliver. Our results demonstrated that thein vitro-in vivoproportionality approach provided the best human Kpliverprediction, with prediction errors of <45% for all 5 benchmark drugs evaluated (doxorubicin, verapamil, digoxin, quinidine, and imipramine). Plasma IQ values correlated poorly (r2of 0.48) with maximum viral load reduction and led to a corresponding 50% effective dose (ED50) IQ of 42, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.1 to 148534. In contrast, the LCIQ-maximum VLR relationship fit into a typical sigmoidal curve with anr2value of 0.95 and an ED50LCIQ of 121, with a 95% CI of 83 to 177. The present study provides a novel human Kpliverprediction model, and the LCIQ correlated well with the viral load reductions observed in short-term HCV monotherapy of different DAAs and provides a valuable tool to guide HCV drug discovery.