bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of refrigerated storage time on the viability of probiotic bacteria in fermented probiotic milk drinks
Authors: MOAYEDNIA NASRIN , EHSANI MOHAMAD R , EMAMDJOMEH ZAHRA , MAZAHERI AMIR F 
Published: May 2009

The viability of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis in fermented milks A, B and AB, containing respectively these strains separately and mixed, was studied over 21 days of storage at 5°C. Samples were analysed for titratable acidity and viable cell counts of probiotics. Milks A and AB showed post‐acidification mainly due to the β‐galactosidase activity of L. acidophilus. Generally, the viability of the probiotics decreased during storage, whereas, in some cases, the proteoletic activity of L. acidophilus resulted in a higher survival rate of the probiotics even with the adverse effects of low temperature and organic acids.
Expression of p16INK4a in peripheral blood T‐cells is a biomarker of human aging
Authors: Liu Yan , Sanoff Hanna K. , Cho Hyunsoon , Burd Christin E. , Torrice Chad , Ibrahim Joseph G. , Thomas Nancy E. , Sharpless Norman E. 
Published: May 2009

SummaryExpression of the p16INK4a tumor suppressor sharply increases with age in most mammalian tissues, and contributes to an age‐induced functional decline of certain self‐renewing compartments. These observations have suggested that p16INK4a expression could be a biomarker of mammalian aging. To translate this notion to human use, we determined p16INK4a expression in cellular fractions of human whole blood, and found highest expression in peripheral blood T‐lymphocytes (PBTL). We then measured INK4/ARF transcript expression in PBTL from two independent cohorts of healthy humans (170 donors total), and analyzed their relationship with donor characteristics. Expression of p16INK4a, but not other INK4/ARF transcripts, appeared to exponentially increase with donor chronologic age. Importantly, p16INK4a expression did not independently correlate with gender or body‐mass index, but was significantly associated with tobacco use and physical inactivity. In addition, p16INK4a expression was associated with plasma interleukin‐6 concentration, a marker of human frailty. These data suggest that p16INK4a expression in PBTL is an easily measured, peripheral blood biomarker of molecular age.
Getting to the Meat of the Matter: Beyond Protein Supplementation in Maintenance Dialysis
Authors: Bailey James L. , Franch Harold A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractUntil recently, patients on dialysis with low serum albumin levels were characterized as suffering from protein malnutrition suggesting that the cause of this malady was due to an inadequate intake of protein. In fact, these patients tend to suffer from a wasting syndrome similar to cachexia commonly associated with inflammation in which there is loss of lean body mass and fat mass is underutilized. The term protein energy wasting has been used to characterize this syndrome and suggests that the simple addition of protein supplements to the dietary regimen of hemodialysis patients will not cure this malady. Correction of the underlying inflammatory disorder which drives losses of body protein and fuel reserves is far more important and is the single most effective therapy. Protein supplements which may promote albumin synthesis and synthesis of liver‐related proteins tend to increase muscle catabolism. Muscle growth is not fostered by increasing dietary protein above recommended goals for dialysis patients, but can be promoted by the addition of protein of high biological value that is rich in leucine and other essential amino acids in tandem with repetitive exercises. Ultimately, correction of PEW hinges on the diagnosis and treatment of co‐morbid conditions in combination with strategies to replenish caloric and protein stores. A supplementary exercise program would allow recovery of lean body mass. Given the multiple co‐morbidities that exist in this population, therapy would have to be individualized.
Evaluation of the centreing ability of the ProTaper Universal™ rotary system in curved roots in comparison to Nitiflex™ files
Authors: Aguiar Carlos Menezes , De Andrade Mendes Daniela , Câmara Andréa Cruz , De Figueiredo Jose Antonio Poli 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to assess the centreing ability of the ProTaper Universal™ rotary system in curved roots in comparison to Nitiflex™ files, by means of preoperative and postoperative imaging of a cross‐section of the apical third. Twenty mesiobuccal canals of human first mandibular molars with a degree of curvature ranging from 35° to 60° were divided into two groups of 10 specimens each: group 1, ProTaper Universal™ rotary system; group 2 (control), Nitiflex™ files. All instruments produced morphological alterations. The Student's t‐test and Kruskal–Wallis test showed that the differences were not statistically significant, except for the specimens instrumented by Nitiflex file #30. The ProTaper Universal™ showed the capacity for producing centered preparations in curved and thin root canals with low proportions of apical deviation.
Safety of laser use under the dental microscope
Authors: Saegusa Hidetoshi , Watanabe Satoshi , Anjo Tomoo , Ebihara Arata , Suda Hideaki 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the safety of laser use under the dental microscope. Nd:YAG, Er:YAG and diode lasers were used. The end of the tips was positioned at a distance of 5 cm from the objective lens of a dental microscope. Each eye protector was made into a flat disc, which was fixed on the lens of the microscope. The filters were placed in front of the objective lens or behind the eye lens. Transmitted energy through the microscope with or without the filters was measured. No transmitted laser energy was detected when using matched eye protectors. Mismatched eye protectors were not effective for shutting out laser energy, especially for Nd:YAG and diode lasers. None or very little laser energy was detected through the microscope even without any laser filter. Matched filters shut out all laser energy irrespective of their positions.
The Gilbert Henderson Oration*
Authors: Sutherland K. J. G. 
Published: May 2009

In expressing my gratitude for the honour of having been invited to deliver this Oration, I would like in turn to pay tribute to one of our esteemed dental colleagues who has dedicated his life so wholeheartedly and so sincerely to the profession for more than half a century.No other dentist has identified himself more closely with the image of dentistry in Western Australia than has the President of this 17th Australian Dental Congress, and I would like to suggest that the title of this address, hitherto undedicated, be known as the Gilbert Henderson Oration.
Diagnosis, treatment planning and referral by school dental therapists
Authors: Roder D. M. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract— ‐The capacity of 47 dental therapists to recognize carious lesions, poor oral hygiene and chronic marginal gingivitis and to plan treatment for caries in groups of 10 school children in the South Australian School Dental Service was assessed. In general, the therapists seemed competent to perform these duties.Their ability to make appropriate referrals to dentists and to provide certain statistical data was also evaluated.In South Australia, examinations made by therapists are checked periodically by their regional dentists.
The practical significance of mandibular accessory foramina*
Authors: Sutton R. N. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Study of dried specimens, dissections, radiographic and histologic examination of 300 human mandibles demonstrated the presence on beth internal and external aspects of the bone, of a number of accessory foramina containing nerve fibres. Clinical experience with 130 patients confirms the importance of these findings.“There is nothing, Sir, too little for so little a creature as man. It is by studying little things that we attain the great art of having as little misery and as much happiness as possible.”—Boswell.
Fluoridation in Canberra. III. Dental caries after ten years
Authors: Carr L. M. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The water supply of Canberra was fluoridated in September 1964. This report covers the period 1965 to 1974 during which children aged five to twelve years were examined. These children had lived in Canberra since fluoridation commenced.In comparison with base‐line data the results showed a progressive improvement in the DMF and def indices. The reduction in the DMF index for children aged six years who were examined in 1974 was 81.0 per cent, and for children aged twelve years it was 48.5 per cent.The reduction was greatest for incisor teeth.
Vitamin status of patients with oral lichen planus
Authors: Jolly Mark , Nobile Silvia 
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Correction of proven vitamin deficiencies in patients with oral lichen planus resulted in both clinical and subjective improvement in the majority treated but did not produce complete remission of the lesions.The common finding of low levels of vitamins B1 and B6 in both the lichen planus group and in healthy controls suggests that this is a reflection of dietary habits of the local community not generally appreciated.
Scanning electron microscopy of human dental pellicle and initial plaque formation in vivo
Authors: Ewers Graeme J. , Taylor Ross L. , Schoenfeld Charles M. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Small, specially prepared gold alloy discs were recessed into the right and left posterior surfaces of duplicate maxillary dentures. At selected time intervals, a disc was removed from each side of the denture and prepared for examination with a scanning electron microscope (SEM).A thin, peeling film of pellicle was seen on the discs removed after two hours and projections designated “hemispherical globules” formed on the pellicle within the next seven hours.
Low level laser therapy for dentinal tooth hypersensitivity
Authors: Gerschman J. A. , Ruben J. , Gebart‐Eaglemont J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA comparative double blind study testing low level laser therapy (Gallium/Aluminium/Arsenide laser [GaAIAs]) against placebo was carried out in the management of dentinal tooth hypersensitivity. Subjects demonstrating dentinal hypersensitivity and complying with strict selection criteria were randomly assigned to an active and placebo group. Low level laser therapy was applied for one minute to both the apex and cervical area of the tooth; and reapplied at one week, two‐week and eight‐week intervals. Dentinal hypersensitivity was rated at each visit.There were 28 subjects in the placebo group and 22 and 21 subjects, respectively, in the tactile sensitivity and thermal sensitivity groups. Comparisons between the groups were conducted using independent groups t‐test. In both the tactile and thermal sensitivity groups differences between the active and placebo groups were significant from the first week and increased further in the second and eighth weeks. The mean value of thermal sensitivity decreased 67 per cent (p < 0.001) compared with placebo (17 per cent) and tactile sensitivity decreased 65 per cent (p = .002) compared with placebo (21 per cent) at eight weeks.Results demonstrate that the GaAIAs laser is an effective method for the treatment of both thermal and tactile dentinal hypersensitivity. There were no reported adverse reactions or instances of oral irritation.
Social impact of oral conditions among older adults
Authors: Slade Gary D. , Spencer A. John 
Published: May 2009

AbstractOral symptoms and their effects on well‐being provide an indication of the social impact of oral disease and can be used to document the burden of illness within populations. This report presents findings about the social impact of oral disease among a random sample of 1217 non‐institutionalized persons aged 60 years and over living in Adelaide and Mt Gambier. They completed a questionnaire containing 49 questions about the effect of oral conditions on dysfunction, discomfort and disability. Over 5 per cent of dentate persons and over 10 per cent of edentulous persons reported impacts such as difficulty in chewing, discomfort during eating and avoidance of foods ‘fairly often’ or ‘very often’ during the previous 12 months. Impacts on social roles and interpersonal relationships were reported by up to 5 per cent of persons. Edentulous persons reported social impact more frequently, particularly in areas related to chewing and eating. Older age was associated with significantly greater amounts of impact among dentate persons, while edentulous males reported significantly more impact than edentulous females. There were larger variations among dentate persons according to their dental utilization patterns, with the highest levels of impact reported by individuals who usually attended for dental problems and who had attended the previous year. The high frequency of social impact reported in this study no doubt reflects extensive levels of disease experience, including high rates of missing teeth and edentulism, among older adults.
Development of the Diploma in Clinical Dentistry (Conscious Sedation and Pain Control) Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney
Authors: Grainger J. K. , Johnson A. , Kingon A. , Klineberg I. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe Diploma in Clinical Dentistry (Conscious Sedation and Pain Control) of the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, is the first dedicated programme devoted to this field in Australia. Its development followed a decision by the Dental Board of New South Wales to require a formal qualification from the University of Sydney before dental practitioners could offer sedation and pain management in practice.The programme is conducted at Westmead Hospital in conjunction with the Department of Anaesthetics, and satisfies the guidelines developed by the Royal Australasian College of Dental Surgeons and the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons.The course is conducted either over one or two years, with block sessions requiring attendance at Westmead Hospital, together with assignments which are completed outside the block sessions. In this way, a dental practitioner enrolled in the programme is able to continue practice.The block sessions need not be completed over one year, but must be completed within two years.
Genetic and environmental influences on facial profile
Authors: Vanco Con , Kasai Kazutaka , Sergi Robert , Richards Lindsay C. , Townsend Grant C. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractObserved variation in facial morphology results from the influences of both genetic and environmental factors. To investigate the role of genetic influences on variation in facial profile, lateral photographs of 23 male and 19 female monozygous (MZ), and 15 male and 22 female dizygous (DZ) twin pairs were selected from the records of the South Australian Twin Study. Soft tissue landmarks and facial profiles were identified, traced and digitized. Linear and angular measures defined by the landmarks were calculated and a series of Fourier functions derived to describe the facial profiles. These Fourier amplitudes were interpreted in terms of the specific regions which they represented.Correlations within MZ pairs were consistently higher than within DZ pairs for both the facial dimensions and the Fourier amplitudes, providing evidence of significant genetic contribution to facial convexity, facial height and facial depth. Variability in nose and lip morphology appeared to be under stronger environmental influence.
Degradative enzymes of oral streptococci
Authors: Willcox M.D.P. , Patrikakis M. , Knox K.W. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractMembers of the Streptococcus sanguis group (SSG) and Streptococcus milleri group (SMG) were screened for their ability to produce glycosidase, arylamidase (peptidase), protease, dextranase and glycosyltransferase activities. Species within each group produced unique patterns of activity. The most commonly produced glycosidases were β‐D‐glucosidase, β‐D‐ galactosidase, N‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucosaminidase and N‐acetyl‐β‐D‐galactosaminidase and the least commonly produced glycosidase activity was β‐fucosidase with Streptococcus intermedius (SMG) being the only species capable of producing the activity. For arylamidase activity, the most commonly produced type was lysine‐arylamidase. Glycosidase and arylamidase activities were localized to particular sub‐cellular fractions. α‐galactosidase was found only in culture supernatant fluids whereas N‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucosaminidase was found in all fractions; the culture supernatant, cell wall, cell membrane and cytoplasm. No arylamidase activity was seen in culture supernatants. Phe‐arg‐arylamidase was found only in cytoplasmic fractions whereas val‐pro‐arg‐arylamidase was found in cell walls, cell membranes and cytoplasmic fraction. Protease activity was measured as the degradation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and casein. Casein was degraded by a number of strains whereas no species/strains were able to degrade BSA. Streptococcus intermedius, Streptococcus constellates (SMG), Streptococcus mitior and Streptococcus defectivus (SSG) were the only species that produced hyaluronidase and no species produced chondroitin sulphatase.The groups were also examined for their abilities to produce glycosyltransferase and dextranase. Strep. sanguis, Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus oralis produced glucosyltransferase and, with the exception of the latter species, fructosyl‐transferase. No species within the SMG was capable of producing either glycosyltransferase. No species within the SSG or SMG was able to produce dextranase activity. The ability of species to produce different types of enzymes was related to their taxonomy, allowing the differentiation of several new taxonomic types within the SSG and may be related to pathogenesis.
The stability of facial osteotomies. 2. Mandibular advancement with bicortical screw fixation
Authors: Hoffman Gary R. , Moloney Frank B. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractSurgical repositioning of the dento‐skeletal components of the lower third of face, combined with appropriate orthodontic treatment, can be used to improve function and aesthetics. However, the attainment of three‐dimensional stability following corrective jaw surgery continues to be a major problem in the post‐surgical period.This paper examines the short‐term (6 week postoperative) and long‐term (12 months postoperative) horizontal skeletal stability of bilateral sagittal split mandibular advancement in 15 patients. The mean horizontal advancement of the mandible was 6.1 mm. Six weeks later, a mean continued forward movement of 0.16 mm was identified. The mean relapse at long‐term follow‐up was 0.46 mm (7.5%). Results indicate that rigid bicortical screw fixation of bilateral sagittal split osteotomies undertaken to correct horizontal lower dentofacial deficiency is both statistically and surgically predictable and stable when reviewed up to twelve months after surgery.
The efficacy of Decapinol mouthwash 2 mg/mL in preventing gingivitis
Authors: Yeung Stephen , Groenlund Catherine , Chapple Cheryl , Kemm Angela , Spencer Rick , Grossberg David , Newell Paul , Fitzpatrick Jennifer , Kelty Eva , Movert Rolf 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn vitro studies and early clinical trials have shown promising results for Delmopinol HCl solution as an effective mouth rinse for reducing experimentally induced gingivitis in the absence of mechanical plaque control. The efficacy of Decapinol mouthwash 2 mg/mL (Delmopinol HCl) in preventing gingivitis in a double‐blind, randomized clinical study with parallel group design was studied. Forty‐seven healthy young adults were randomly assigned to the Delmopinol or placebo groups. After an initial period of four weeks of intensive oral hygiene including biweekly professional cleaning of the teeth and oral hygiene instruction, all subjects achieved a low degree of gingivitis or a plaque score close to zero. At baseline, Bleeding on Probing, Modified Gingival Index and Plaque Index were recorded and the teeth were professionally cleaned. All forms of plaque control were then suspended and subjects were supervised in a one‐minute rinsing of Decapinol mouthwash 2 mg/mL or placebo twice daily. Measurements of efficacy variables were then repeated after two and three weeks treatment and adverse events were recorded. After the study period of three weeks all previous plaque control measures were resumed. At week four, all subjects were reassessed for the resolution of gingival inflammation and where residual gingival inflammation persisted, appropriate treatment was given. Only mild and short‐lasting adverse events were noted for the use of Delmopinol in the study period. However, for all teeth sites measured, significant differences between Delmopinol and placebo groups were found in Bleeding on Probing (p<0.05) and Plaque Index (p<0.0005). The difference was also significant for Modified Gingival Index on the buccal sites (p = 0.04). It can be concluded that 0.2% Delmopinol HCl used as a mouth rinse twice daily is effective in preventing the accumulation of dental plaque on tooth surfaces and the onset of gingivitis.
Major maxillofacial infections. An evaluation of 107 cases
Authors: Bridgeman Andrew , Wiesenfeld David , Hellyar Andrew , Sheldon William 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA review of 107 cases of acute maxillofacial infections managed at the Royal Melbourne Hospital was undertaken, and details of the presentations, demography, management, and outcomes of these patients are presented. The results indicated that many of the patients had sought treatment from dentists in general practice, and that a significant proportion had received sub‐optimal management prior to referral. Thus a review of the principles of management and guidelines for the referral of patients with maxillofacial infections is also presented.
Temporomandibular disorders. 2. Non‐surgical treatment
Authors: Dimitroulis George , Gremillion Henry A. , Dolwick M. Franklin , Walter John H. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThere are many treatment modalities for temporomandibular disorders (TMD), most of which are effective in controlling symptoms, at least in the short term. The non‐surgical treatment of temporomandibular disorders continues to be the most effective way of managing over 80 per cent of patients who present with symptoms of temporomandibular pain and dysfunction. In this, the second article in the series, a general overview of the current non‐surgical treatment strategies for TMD will be presented.
Endodontic cellulitis ‘flare‐up’. Case report
Authors: Matusow R. J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractEndodontic cellulitis involves facial swelling which can vary from mild to severe and can occur as a primary case or a flare‐up following initial treatment of asymptomatic teeth with periapical lesions. The microbial spectrum in primary cases involves a significant mixture of anaerobic and facultative aerobic microbes, chiefly streptococci. In a previous study, cultures from flare‐up cases, utilizing the same anaerobic techniques as in primary cases, revealed an absence of obligate anaerobes and an 80 per cent incidence of facultative aerobic streptococci. These cases also revealed a significant time lapse from onset of symptoms to the cellulitis phase. No sex or age factors were noted in the primary or flare‐up cases.The purpose of this case report is to restate a traditional theory, namely, the alteration of the oxidation/reduction potential (Eh), as a major factor for endodontic cellulitis flare‐ups; to confirm the pathogenic potential of oral facultative streptococci; and that asymptomatic endodontic lesions tend to exist with mixed aerobic/anaerobic microbial flora.