bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetics and Antioxidative Sites of Capsaicin in Homogeneous Solution
Authors: Okada Youji , Tanaka Kaoru , Sato Eisuke , Okajima Haruo 
Published: July 2010

AbstractReliable quantitative kinetic data on the antioxidant activity of capsaicin (CAP) is lacking, and the antioxidative mechanism of CAP is still unclear. Therefore, an investigation aimed at elucidating the antioxidative sites of CAP that react with chain‐propagating peroxyl radicals was undertaken. First, the reaction of CAP with 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was investigated, and it was found that the stoichiometric factor of CAP is 2. Then, the rate constant for the reaction of CAP with peroxyl radicals derived from cumene was measured. CAP reacted with peroxyl radicals at a constant rate of kinh = 5.6 × 103 M−1 s−1. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of various related compounds against cumene oxidation were measured, showing that the phenolic OH group is the active portion of the molecule. In addition, the kinetic solvent effects of DPPH/CAP reactions were measured in methanol, acetonitrile, acetone and tetrahydrofuran. In particular, an enhancement in the reaction rate was observed in alkaline methanol, indicating that these results are due to the partial ionization of the phenol of CAP and very fast electron transfers from the phenolate anion to DPPH. We interpreted these results as indicating that the phenolic OH group of CAP is mainly associated with peroxyl radical scavenging.
Aquatic Versus Land‐based Exercises as Early Functional Rehabilitation for Elite Athletes with Acute Lower Extremity Ligament Injury: A Pilot Study
Authors: Kim Eunkuk , Kim Taegyu , Kang Hyunyong , Lee Jongha , Childers Martin K. 
Published: July 2010

ObjectiveTo compare outcomes between aquatic and land‐based exercises during early‐phase recovery from acute lower extremity ligament injuries in elite athletes.DesignA single‐blinded, covariate adaptive randomized, controlled study.SettingNational training center for elite athletes.ParticipantsTwenty‐two athletes with isolated grade I or II ligament injury in ankles or knees were randomized into either an aquatic or land‐based exercise group.InterventionsEarly functional rehabilitation program (ranging, strengthening, proprioceptive training, and functional exercises) was performed in both groups. All exercises were identical except for the training environment.Main Outcome MeasurementsData were collected at baseline and at 2 and 4 weeks using a visual analog scale (VAS) for pain; static stability (overall stability index [OSI] level 5 and 3); dynamic stability (TCT), and percentage single‐limb support time (%SLST).ResultsBoth groups showed decreases in VAS, OSI 5 and 3, and TCT, with a concomitant increase in %SLST at 2 and 4 weeks (P < .05). No significant differences were detected between the 2 groups in any of the outcome measures. However, the line graphs for VAS, OSI 3, TCT, and %SLST in the aquatic exercise group were steeper than those in the land‐based exercise group indicating significant group by time interactions (P < .05). These data indicate that the aquatic exercise group improved more rapidly than the land‐based exercise group.ConclusionsFor elite athletes with acute ligament sprains in the lower limb, aquatic exercises may provide advantages over standard land‐based therapy for rapid return to athletic activities. Consequently, aquatic exercise could be recommended for the initial phase of a rehabilitation program.
Factors associated with weaning practices in term infants: a prospective observational study in Ireland
Authors: Tarrant Roslyn C. , Younger Katherine M. , Sheridan-Pereira Margaret , White Martin J. , Kearney John M. 
Published: July 2010

The WHO (2001) recommends exclusive breast-feeding and delaying the introduction of solid foods to an infant's diet until 6 months postpartum. However, in many countries, this recommendation is followed by few mothers, and earlier weaning onto solids is a commonly reported global practice. Therefore, this prospective, observational study aimed to assess compliance with the WHO recommendation and examine weaning practices, including the timing of weaning of infants, and to investigate the factors that predict weaning at ≤ 12 weeks. From an initial sample of 539 pregnant women recruited from the Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, 401 eligible mothers were followed up at 6 weeks and 6 months postpartum. Quantitative data were obtained on mothers’ weaning practices using semi-structured questionnaires and a short dietary history of the infant's usual diet at 6 months. Only one mother (0·2 %) complied with the WHO recommendation to exclusively breastfeed up to 6 months. Ninety-one (22·6 %) infants were prematurely weaned onto solids at ≤ 12 weeks with predictive factors after adjustment, including mothers’ antenatal reporting that infants should be weaned onto solids at ≤ 12 weeks, formula feeding at 12 weeks and mothers’ reporting of the maternal grandmother as the principal source of advice on infant feeding. Mothers who weaned their infants at ≤ 12 weeks were more likely to engage in other sub-optimal weaning practices, including the addition of non-recommended condiments to their infants’ foods. Provision of professional advice and exploring antenatal maternal misperceptions are potential areas for targeted interventions to improve compliance with the recommended weaning practices.
Metabolic rate and growth in the temperate bivalve Mercenaria mercenaria at a biogeographical limit, from the English Channel
Authors: Brown Alastair , Heilmayer Olaf , Thatje Sven 
Published: July 2010

Metabolism and growth rate of the hard clam, Mercenaria mercenaria, were investigated in a population invasive to Southampton Water, southern England. An individual metabolic model expressed as a function of soft tissue dry mass was fitted to data of 18 individuals (log (VO2) = −1.952 + 0.543 • log (DM); F1,16 = 201.18, P < 0.001, r2 = 0.926). A von Bertalanffy growth function was fitted to 227 size-at-age data pairs of 18 individuals (Ht = 80.13 • (1 − e−0.149 • (t−0.542)); r2 = 0.927). Individual age-specific somatic production was calculated, demonstrating increase with age to a maximum of 3.88 kJ y−1 at ten years old followed by decrease, and individual age-specific annual respiration was calculated, demonstrating asymptotic increase with age to 231.37 kJ y−1 at 30 years old. Results found here lie within the physiological tolerances reported across the biogeographical range, suggesting that the species' biogeographical limitation in the UK to Southampton Water results from ecological rather than physiological factors.
The effect of temperature and salinity on the larval development of Stenorhynchus seticornis (Brachyura: Inachidae) reared in the laboratory
Authors: Hernández Jesús E. , Palazón-Fernández José Luis , Hernández Gonzalo , Bolaños Juan 
Published: July 2010

Larvae of Stenorhynchus seticornis were reared in the laboratory in a factorial experiment employing three temperatures (22, 25 and 28°C) and three salinities (30, 35 and 40‰) to determine the effects of these variables on the survival and duration of the larval stages. Larvae from five females were subdivided in six groups of 10 and reared in glass bowls containing 125 ml filtered and UV-irradiated seawater at different temperature–salinity combinations. Larvae were transferred daily to clean bowls with newly hatched Artemia nauplii, and the number of moults and mortality within each bowl was recorded. Complete larval development of S. seticornis occurred under all experimental conditions, except at temperature 28°C and salinity 35‰. Salinity affected percentage survival of the two zoeal stages, but not that of the megalopa. Survival of the second zoeal stage, the megalopa, and the complete development to the first crab was affected by temperature, with the greatest survival occurring at 25°C. Duration of the two zoeal stages, the megalopa, and development to the first crab stage showed a gradual reduction with increasing temperature. Development from hatching to the first crab stage required 17 to 31 days and was inversely related to temperature, averaging 26.9 days at 22°C, 21.0 days at 25°C and 19.7 days at 28°C. Salinity affected the duration of the first zoeal stage only.
‘Patriots and Professors’: A Century of Roman Studies, 1910–2010
Authors: Stray Christopher 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTThis essay offers a survey of the history of the Roman Society during the 100 years since its foundation in 1910. It discusses relations with other classical bodies, especially the Hellenic Society and the Classical Association; the Society's fragile finances until the 1950s; and the key role played over several decades by its Secretary, Margerie Taylor. Separate sections deal with the Society's library; its journals, theJournal of Roman Studies(1911) andBritannia(1970); membership and finance; and relations with schools, amateur archaeologists and the University of London, whose Institute of Classical Studies has housed the Society's office and library since 1958.
Bears and Coins: The Iconography of Protection in Late Roman Infant Burials
Authors: Crummy Nina 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTA number of infant burials in Britain, both cremations and inhumations, contained a consistent deposit of a small jet bear, black mineral jewellery, a coin, and a pottery beaker. Some of the graves held several examples of these items, and some a wider variety of objects. Comparison with more obviously amuletic grave deposits from Butt Road, Colchester, and Lankhills, Winchester, suggests that the coins were selected for their reverse image, and that both they and the bears are representations of guardians placed in the burials to ensure that the child did not enter the underworld alone and unprotected. These bears are set in the wider context of the animal's iconography and mythology, with particular reference to the Greek cult of Artemis, who oversaw childbirth and child-rearing. The choice and importance of materials and the positions of objects within graves are also briefly explored and the social identity of the dead infants is examined. In an appendix of other burials containing jet animals, the Chelmsford hoard of jet jewellery is reinterpreted as grave goods from the inhumation of a young woman.
ThePetit AppareilMasonry Style in Roman Britain: Geology, Builders, Scale and Proportion
Authors: Allen J.R.L. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTMasonry facing at 31 widely scattered sites was characterised by the comparative lithometric analysis of the linear dimensions, apparent areas and apparent proportions of random samples of 50 exposed building blocks. Typically, block length lies between three-quarters and one Roman foot and height from one-third to one-half of a foot. The mean proportions of blocks vary with the type of stone and range from 1.50 to 2.54, with ‘military’ builders tending to prefer low length:height ratios and stone that fractured in much the same way regardless of direction relative to the bedding (i.e. isotropic, near-isotropic). The evidence suggests that the choice of general-purpose stone and proportions by ‘military’ and ‘non-military’ builders varied over time with changing circumstances. Both kinds of builder seem to have been least selective in the late first and early second centuriesa.d.and again in the late third and early fourth centuries.
Muon to electron conversion: how to find an electron in a muon haystack
Authors: Kurup A. 
Published: July 2010

The standard model (SM) of particle physics describes how the Universe works at a fundamental level. Even though this theory has proven to be very successful over the past 50 years, we know it is incomplete. Many theories that go beyond the SM predict the occurrence of certain processes that are forbidden by the SM, such as muon to electron conversion. This paper will briefly review the history of muon to electron conversion and focus on the high-precision experiments currently being proposed, COMET (Coherent Muon to Electron Transition) and Mu2e, and a next-generation experiment, PRISM.
The PRISM experiment intends to use a novel type of accelerator called a fixed-field alternating-gradient (FFAG) accelerator. There has recently been renewed interest in FFAGs for the Neutrino Factory and the Muon Collider, and because they have applications in many areas outside of particle physics, such as energy production and cancer therapy. The synergies between these particle physics experiments and other applications will also be discussed.
Understanding jet noise
Authors: Karabasov S. A. 
Published: July 2010

Jets are one of the most fascinating topics in fluid mechanics. For aeronautics, turbulent jet-noise modelling is particularly challenging, not only because of the poor understanding of high Reynolds number turbulence, but also because of the extremely low acoustic efficiency of high-speed jets.
Turbulent jet-noise models starting from the classical Lighthill acoustic analogy to state-of-the art models were considered. No attempt was made to present any complete overview of jet-noise theories. Instead, the aim was to emphasize the importance of sound generation and mean-flow propagation effects, as well as their interference, for the understanding and prediction of jet noise.
Evidence on Irish financial analysts' and fund managers' views about dividends
Authors: McCluskey Thomas , Broderick Aoife , Boyle Amanda , Burton Bruce , Power David 
Published: July 2010

PurposeThis paper aims to identify the views of Dublin‐based financial analysts and major Irish fund managers on dividends.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses semi‐structured interviews with 16 participants and analyses their responses concerning the role of dividends in the share screening process; the perceived relationship between dividend payment policy and share values; the impact of taxation and attitudes to share buybacks.FindingsThe results support the notion that dividends are an important in investor decision‐making processes and that dividends influence share valuations. Another key finding is that fund managers appear to be able to influence the dividend policy of Irish companies in which they have a shareholding. Finally, taxation issues appear relatively unimportant and the majority of fund managers prefer cash dividends to buybacks.Originality/valueThe paper addresses the issue of dividend policy from a qualitative standpoint, rather than the conventional large‐sample aggregate form of analysis. Moreover, whilst most other studies have investigated the issue from the corporate point of view, this investigation focuses on analysts' and fund managers' views.
NEW EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS WITH OPTICAL DIFFRACTION RADIATION DIAGNOSTICS
Authors: CHIADRONI E. , CASTELLANO M. , CIANCHI A. , HONKAVAARA K. , KUBE G. 
Published: July 2010

The characterization of the transverse phase space for high charge density and high energy electron beams is demanding for the successful development of the next generation light sources and linear colliders. Due to its non-invasive and non-intercepting features, Optical Diffraction Radiation (ODR) is considered as one of the most promising candidates to measure the transverse beam size and angular divergence. The recent results of our experiment, based on the detection of the ODR angular distribution to measure the electron beam transverse parameters and set up at FLASH (DESY), are presented. A thin stainless steel mask has been installed at 45° with respect to the DR target and normally to the beam propagation to reduce the contribution of synchrotron radiation (SR) background. In addition, interference between the ODR emitted on the shielding mask in the forward direction and the radiation from the DR target in the backward direction is observed. This is what we call Optical Diffraction Interferometry (ODRI). The contribution of this interference effect to the ODR angular distribution pattern and, consequently, its impact on the beam transverse parameters is discussed.
Strong Convergence for Mixed Equilibrium Problems of Infinitely Nonexpansive Mappings
Authors: Joomwong Jintana 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe introduce a new iterative scheme for finding a common element of infinitely nonexpansive mappings, the set of solutions of a mixed equilibrium problems, and the set of solutions of the variational inequality for an "Equation missing"-inverse-strongly monotone mapping in a Hilbert Space. Then, the strong converge theorem is proved under some parameter controlling conditions. The results of this paper extend and improve the results of Jing Zhao and Songnian He(2009)and many others. Using this theorem, we obtain some interesting corollaries.
Enhancement of Discrimination Ability for cis- and trans-Decalins through Side-chain Ordering in Comb-shaped Polymer
Authors: Shundo Atsuomi , Mallik Abul K , Nakashima Hisaki , Takafuji Makoto , Nagaoka Shoji , Chowdhury M A Jamil , Ihara Hirotaka 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
We propose poly(octadecyl acrylate), ODAn as a host polymer for discriminating cis- and trans-decalins. Liquid chromatographic method enabled to detect a thermally induced change in selectivity and enhanced selectivity was achieved at lower temperature, where the side chains in ODAn formed an ordered structure. The thermodynamic analysis for temperature-varied elution behaviors was also described.
Significant Effects of Anion in Aqueous Reactant Solution on Photocatalytic O2 Evolution and Fe(III) Reduction
Authors: Miseki Yugo , Kusama Hitoshi , Sugihara Hideki , Sayama Kazuhiro 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The apparent quantum yield at 365 nm over TiO2 photocatalyst for O2 evolution and Fe3+ reduction in an aqueous FeCl3–HCl solution was 51%, and more than 15 times higher than in an aqueous Fe2(SO4)3–H2SO4 solution.
Adsorption of Cl− Ion with Pyrolysis Products of Yttrium Oxynitrate Hydrate, Y2(OH)6−x(NO3)x·nH2O
Authors: Kumada Nobuhiro , Kato Go , Yonesaki Yoshinori , Takei Takahiro , Kinomura Nobukazu , Oono Yasuharu 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
We attempted adsorption of Cl− ion in HCl and NaCl solutions with compounds which were prepared by heating yttrium oxynitrate hydrate, Y2(OH)6−x(NO3)x·H2O up to 600 °C. The X-ray powder diffraction patterns of the compounds obtained by heating up to 200 °C was the same as that of Y2(OH)6−x(NO3)x·H2O; however, it changed to YONO3 in the temperature range from 300 to 400 °C and finally changed to Y2O3 above 500 °C. In 0.1 M NaCl solution the starting compound and its pyrolysis products little incorporated Cl− ion. On the contrary, in 0.1 M HCl solution the uptake of Cl− ion increased with the treatment temperature, and the maximum value was 3.1 mequiv g−1 for samples heated above 500 °C.
Formation of Hydroxyapatite Microtubes Assisted with Anatase under Hydrothermal Conditions
Authors: Kamitakahara Masanobu , Murakami Setsuaki , Takahashi Hiroko , Watanabe Noriaki , Ioku Koji 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HA) has attracted much attention due to its biocompatibility and adsorption capability. The HA microtubes are highly attractive because they can provide improvement of functionality. It was found that HA microtubes were formed when α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) was hydrothermally treated with addition of anatase. The fact that microtubes did not form under titania-free conditions indicated that titania played important roles to form microtubes.
Plate Anodic Alumina-supported Nickel Catalysts in Steam Reforming of Methane: Effects of Hydrogen Addition, Electrical Heating, and Pt Doping
Authors: Zhou Lu , Guo Yu , Chen Jian , Zhao Wen , Sakurai Makoto , Kameyama Hideo 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
A porous anodic alumina-supported 4.9 wt % nickel catalyst showed deactivation in steam reforming of methane at 700 °C, and this was mainly ascribed to Ni oxidation. The influence of hydrogen additive was examined by adding hydrogen into feed, and no deactivation was found during 20 h when hydrogen with H2/H2O = 1/3 was added. The influence of electrical heating over catalyst stability was also examined, and the results showed a stable 93% methane conversion for 30 h. 0.078 wt % Pt-doped 4.9 wt % nickel catalyst showed a stable SRM reactivity even without the prereduction with hydrogen.
Cell penetrating peptides can exert biological activity: a review
Authors: Brugnano Jamie , Ward Brian C. , Panitch Alyssa 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCell penetrating peptides (CPPs) have been successful in delivering cargo into many different cell types and are an important alternative to other methods of permeation that might damage the integrity of the cell membrane. The traditional view of CPPs is that they are inert molecules that can be successfully used to deliver many cargos intracellularly. The goal of this review is to challenge this traditional understanding of CPPs. Recent literature has demonstrated that CPPs themselves can convey biological activity, including the alteration of gene expression and inhibition of protein kinases and proteolytic activity. Further characterization of CPPs is required to determine the extent of this activity. Research into the use of CPPs for intracellular delivery should continue with investigators being aware of these recent results.
A new anticoagulant for blood sampling tubes for platelet function tests1
Authors: Wolf Johanna , Sigl Martin , Giannitsis Evangelos , Ivandic Boris 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Background: The difficult pre-analytical conditions of platelet function diagnostics discourage its widespread use, e.g., to detect resistance to acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and/or clopidogrel. Platelet activation during blood drawing and sample preparation cannot be prevented by citrate anticoagulation. Here, we tested a new blood sampling tube containing the anticoagulant benzylsulfonyl-D-Argininyl-Prolyl-4-amidinobenzylamide (Thrombovette®, Probe&go, Germany).

Methods: A total of 46 emergency patients taking ASA and clopidogrel as well as 20 healthy volunteers were included in the study. Blood was drawn into Thrombovette® and citrate S-Monovette® tubes (Sarstedt AG&Co, Germany) and transported to the laboratory via the pneumatic tube system. Whole blood impedance aggregometry (model 560Ca, Chrono-Log, Havertown, PA, USA) was performed using collagen and ADP as platelet agonist (final concentrations 1 mg/L and 5 μM, respectively).

Results: Reference ranges and cut-off values for the determination of drug resistance were obtained from the healthy cohort. Positive predictive values were 94.6% and 94.1% for inhibition of aggregation by ASA, and 68.0% and 53.3% for inhibition by clopidogrel using Thrombovette® and citrate S-Monovette®, respectively. Negative predictive values were 82.8% and 75.0% for ASA resistance and 87.8% and 83.3% for clopidogrel resistance using Thrombovette® and citrate S-Monovette®, respectively.

Conclusions: Thrombovette® is a promising new system for blood sampling and could improve the validity of platelet function diagnostics.
Immunosuppressant drug monitoring – a routine undertaking?1
Authors: Seger Christoph , Vogeser Michael 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The quantitative assessment of immunosuppressant drug levels is still one of the most challenging therapeutic drug monitoring procedures in clinical routine. During the past years, several technical developments matured to usable methods. In addition to immunoassays, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry has become a key method in immunosuppressant therapeutic drug monitoring. This overview should aid in understanding the advantages and disadvantages of the various assays and methods. UK-NEQAS proficiency testing results are used for an inter-assay comparison approach.