bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of muscular strain in the embryonic heart wall
Authors: Damon Brooke J. , Rémond Mathieu , Bigelow Michael R. , Trusk Thomas C. , Xie Wenjie , Perucchio Renato , Sedmera David , Denslow Stewart , Thompson Robert P. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractHH Stage 22 chick heart inflated ex ovo with perfusate containing propidium iodide (red) and 3000 MW dextran (green), viewed here in left sagittal plane by confocal microscopy of acrylamide slab sections. Stretch‐sensitive membrane leaks were conspicuous along subendocardial trabeculae near the apex of the looped ventricle (bottom) and along inner wall of AV canal (inset), indicating peak strain of inner wall myocytes as modeled and measured by Damon et al., Developmental Dynamics 238:1535–1546.
Modeling of the Alcohol Dehydrogenase Active Site: Two Different Modes of Alcohol Binding in Crystals of Zinc and Cadmium Tri‐tert‐butoxysilanethiolates Evidenced by X‐ray Diffraction and Solid‐State Vibrational Spectroscopy
Authors: Dołęga Anna , Baranowska Katarzyna , Gudat Dietrich , Herman Aleksander , Stangret Janusz , Konitz Antoni , Śmiechowski Maciej , Godlewska Sylwia 
Published: July 2009

AbstractTwo different modes of binding methanol and ethanol were found in crystals of heteroleptic zinc and cadmium complexes with MS2NO2 and MS2NO kernels and with a general formula M(RS)2(im) (M = Zn, Cd; RS = tri‐tert‐butoxysilanethiolate; im = imidazole, 2‐methylimidazole, 2‐ethylimidazole). Alcohol molecules are either trapped in the crystal lattice by NH···O and OH···S hydrogen bonds or directly coordinated to the metal centre. The complexes were studied by X‐ray diffraction, solid state FTIR and 1H, 13C, 29Si, and 113Cd NMR spectroscopy both in solution and the solid state. The zinc complexes containing coordinated methanol and ethanol are considered as structural mimics of the active site of alcohol dehydrogenase and support intermittent five‐coordination of the zinc ion in the active site of alcohol dehydrogenase.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
1,8‐Naphthyridine Revisited: Applications in Dimetal Chemistry
Authors: Bera Jitendra K. , Sadhukhan Nabanita , Majumdar Moumita 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe diverse applications of functionalized 1,8‐naphthyridine (NP) ligands is the focus of this microreview. Simpler synthetic routes and the pliant nature of NP‐R steered us towards their utilization in dimetal chemistry. The ongoing research on NP chemistry in our laboratory is highlighted. The topics include the comprehensive study of the ligand disposition around the quadruply bonded Mo2 core,modulation of the metal–metal distance by axial donors in paddlewheel complexes, facile cyclometalation and C–C bond formation at axial sites of the diruthenium(I) core, building metallosupramolecular architectures, and the formation of novel unsupported iridium(II) dimer aided by redox‐active NP‐R ligands.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
A New Manganese Coordination Polymer Containing 1,2,4‐Benzenetricarboxylic Acid
Authors: Chung Huey‐Ting , Tsai Hui‐Lien , Yang En‐Che , Chien Po‐Hsiu , Peng Chia‐Chien , Huang Yun‐Chieh , Liu Yen‐Hsiang 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe reaction of an unsymmetrical ligand, namely 1,2,4‐benzenetricarboxylic acid (H3btc), under pH‐controlled hydrothermal conditions with a manganese salt leads to the three‐dimensional coordination polymer {Mn(H2O)[C6H3(CO2)2(CO2H)]·(H2O)}n (FJU‐2). Potassium hydroxide is used as a control agent to modulate the degree of deprotonation of the unsymmetrical H3btc ligand during the hydrothermal reaction, which is essential for the synthesis of the resulting product. The product was characterised by elemental, single‐crystal and powder X‐ray analyses. The structure of FJU‐2 consists of carboxylate‐ and water‐bridged manganese cluster chains which are further cross‐connected by the phenyl spacer into a three‐dimensional neutral framework. Guest water molecules reside in an elliptically shaped, one‐dimensional channel. There are strong hydrogen‐bonding interactions between the guest water molecules and host framework that prevent the release of the guest water molecules at lower temperatures, as indicated by the thermogravimetric analysis. The magnetic study shows an antiferromagnetic coupling for FJU‐2. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Ferrocene‐Substituted [Mn4] Dicubane Single‐Molecule Magnets
Authors: Heroux Katie J. , Rheingold Arnold L. , Hendrickson David N. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractTwo new mixed‐valent [Mn4] single‐molecule magnets (SMMs) have been synthesized by using N‐alkylated diethanolamine ligands and ferrocenecarboxylic acid. Both complexes exhibit weak ferromagnetic exchange and appreciable axial zero‐field splitting as evidenced by DC magnetic susceptibility and field‐dependent magnetization measurements. A significant frequency‐dependent out‐of‐phase signal in the AC susceptibility is also observed for both complexes, a feature that is characteristic of SMMs. The ground‐state spin of each complex was determined from the DC data and extrapolation of the low‐frequency AC data, giving a value of S = 8. This result is consistent with the previously reported and structurally similar S = 8 and S = 9 [Mn4] dicubane SMMs. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
An Unusual Conformation of α‐Haloamides Due to Cooperative Binding with Zincated Porphyrins
Authors: Tanasova Marina , Yang Qifei , Olmsted Courtney C. , Vasileiou Chrysoula , Li Xiaoyong , Anyika Mercy , Borhan Babak 
Published: July 2009

AbstractCD and NMR spectroscopic evidence of cooperative binding between an α‐halogen atom and a carboxamide group with a zinc porphyrin leads to an unprecedented conformation for the determination of the absolute stereochemistry of α‐haloamides (α‐halocarboxylic acids derivatized with 1,4‐phenylenediamine) through the use of exciton‐coupled circular dichroism (ECCD). With the use of chiral lactams, whose rotomeric contributions are minimized, both ECCD and NMR spectroscopy demonstrate that the porphyrin favors binding to the side of the sterically more demanding halogen atom as compared to the smaller hydrogen atom. In all, the data is strongly suggestive of an unusual conformation not observed before for α‐chiral amides. A mnemonic for determining the absolute stereochemistry of α‐halogenated carboxylic acids is provided.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Computational and Matrix Isolation Studies of Tetra‐tert‐butylethane
Authors: Bucher Götz 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIrradiation of cryogenic xenon matrices containing the sterically congested alkane tetra‐tert‐butylethane (1) with intense pulses from a KrF excimer laser (λexc = 248 nm) have resulted in the formation of methane and isobutene as the major products. Larger fragments derived from 1, such as 2,2‐dimethylbutane (10), were also detected, whereas no evidence was obtained for the formation of the elusive tetra‐tert‐butylethylene (2). The results suggest that biphotonic irradiation of xenon matrices containing tert‐butylated precursor molecules may generally result in the efficient formation of isobutene and smaller alkanes. An analysis of the decomposition reactions of 1 by various computational methods revealed that commonly used DFT methods, such as B3LYP or BLYP, and MP2 theory do not provide a good description of the energetics of the decay reactions of the sterically overloaded alkane 1. The recently developed M05‐2X method was the only method among those tested to yield an activation enthalpy for the cleavage of 1 in agreement with the experimental value.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Synthetic and Mechanistic Aspects of Acid‐Catalyzed Disproportionation of Dialkyl Diarylmethyl Ethers: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Barbero Margherita , Bazzi Stefano , Cadamuro Silvano , Dughera Stefano , Ghigo Giovanni 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe disproportionation reactions of various dialkyl diarylmethyl ethers have been carried out in the presence of a catalytic amount (10 mol‐%) of o‐benzenedisulfonimide as a Brønsted acid catalyst; the reaction conditions were mild, and the yields of the diarylmethane target products were good. The catalyst was easily recovered and purified, ready to be used in further reactions. The theoretical study confirmed that the reaction proceeds in two steps: The formation of a carbocation from the protonated ether followed by hydride transfer. Although the hydride transfer is the rate‐determining step, it is the stability of the carbocation that determines the reaction rate and therefore the yields. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Atom‐Efficient Vinylic Arylations with Triarylbismuths as Substoichiometric Multicoupling Reagents under Palladium Catalysis
Authors: Rao Maddali L. N. , Jadhav Deepak N. , Venkatesh Varadhachari 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe first atom‐efficient arylation of vinylic iodides was achieved by using triarylbismuths as substoichiometric multicoupling reagents under palladium catalysis. Vinylic iodides were efficiently coupled with electronically divergent triarylbismuths to furnish the corresponding arylated products in short reaction times. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
How are habits formed: Modelling habit formation in the real world
Authors: Lally Phillippa , van Jaarsveld Cornelia H. M. , Potts Henry W. W. , Wardle Jane 
Published: July 2009

AbstractTo investigate the process of habit formation in everyday life, 96 volunteers chose an eating, drinking or activity behaviour to carry out daily in the same context (for example ‘after breakfast’) for 12 weeks. They completed the self‐report habit index (SRHI) each day and recorded whether they carried out the behaviour. The majority (82) of participants provided sufficient data for analysis, and increases in automaticity (calculated with a sub‐set of SRHI items) were examined over the study period. Nonlinear regressions fitted an asymptotic curve to each individual's automaticity scores over the 84 days. The model fitted for 62 individuals, of whom 39 showed a good fit. Performing the behaviour more consistently was associated with better model fit. The time it took participants to reach 95% of their asymptote of automaticity ranged from 18 to 254 days; indicating considerable variation in how long it takes people to reach their limit of automaticity and highlighting that it can take a very long time. Missing one opportunity to perform the behaviour did not materially affect the habit formation process. With repetition of a behaviour in a consistent context, automaticity increases following an asymptotic curve which can be modelled at the individual level. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrogen sulfide removal from biogas using Fe/EDTA solution: Gas/liquid contacting and sulfur formation
Authors: Frare L.M. , Vieira M.G.A. , Silva M.G.C. , Pereira N.C. , Gimenes M.L. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractExperiments were conducted to investigate the removal (or complete elimination) of H2S from biogas streams by means of absorption and chemical reaction with a 0.4 M Fe/EDTA solution. Biogas was bubbled through a pseudo‐catalytic solution of Fe/EDTA resulting in the formation of sulfur particles. Wide ranges of flow rates were tested for both the Fe/EDTA solution and the biogas, and the optimal ratio of liquid flow rate to gas flow rate for efficient removal of hydrogen sulfide from biogas was found. Recirculation of the regenerated catalytic Fe/EDTA solution promoted the growth of previously‐formed sulfur particles, which indicated that these particles might be easily separated from the catalytic solution. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2010
Required separation distance between decks and at abutments of a bridge crossing a canyon site to avoid seismic pounding
Authors: Bi Kaiming , Hao Hong , Chouw Nawawi 
Published: July 2009

AbstractMajor earthquakes in the past indicated that pounding between bridge decks may result in significant structural damage or even girder unseating. With conventional expansion joints, it is impossible to completely avoid seismic pounding between bridge decks, because the gap size at expansion joints is usually not big enough in order to ensure smooth traffic flow. With a new development of modular expansion joint (MEJ), which allows a large joint movement and at the same time without impeding the smoothness of traffic flow, completely precluding pounding between adjacent bridge decks becomes possible. This paper investigates the minimum total gap that a MEJ must have to avoid pounding at the abutments and between bridge decks. The considered spatial ground excitations are modelled by a filtered Tajimi‐Kanai power spectral density function and an empirical coherency loss function. Site amplification effect is included by a transfer function derived from the one‐dimensional wave propagation theory. Stochastic response equations of the adjacent bridge decks are formulated. The effects of ground motion spatial variations, dynamic characteristics of the bridge and the depth and stiffness of local soil on the required separation distance are analysed. Soil–structure interaction effect is not included in this study. The bridge response behaviour is assumed to be linear elastic. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accuracy of self‐reported weight and height among women with eating disorders: A replication and extension study
Authors: Meyer Caroline , Arcelus Jon , Wright Sarah 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjectiveSelf‐reported height and weight data are commonly reported within eating disorders research, and often used clinically. The aims of this study are to demonstrate the accuracy of self‐reported height and weight among a group of women with eating disorders, and to determine whether that accuracy is associated with clinical diagnosis or levels of eating psychopathology.MethodSixty‐four female patients (39 diagnosed with Anorexia Nervosa or atypical Anorexia Nervosa and 25 with Bulimia Nervosa or atypical Bulimia Nervosa) were asked to self‐report their height and weight. They then completed the Eating Disorders Examination‐Questionnaire (EDE‐Q). Finally, they were weighed and their height was measured in a standardised manner. Accuracy scores for height and weight were calculated by subtracting their actual weight and height from their self‐reports.ResultsBoth diagnostic groups were relatively accurate in self‐reporting their height. However, women with Bulimia Nervosa or atypical Bulimia Nervosa significantly underestimated their weight while women with Anorexia Nervosa or atypical Anorexia Nervosa overestimated it. Weight estimation was associated with higher levels of restraint among the Anorexia Nervosa group only.DiscussionThese findings highlight the importance of obtaining objective height and weight data both within clinical and research settings. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
A self‐excited six‐phase induction generator for stand‐alone renewable energy generation: experimental analysis
Authors: Singh G. K. , Kumar A. Senthil , Saini R. P. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractMulti‐phase AC machines are nowadays widely considered as potentially viable solutions for numerous variable‐speed drive applications. With an increased emphasis on renewable electric energy generation, where interfacing with the grid typically takes place by means of power electronic converters, or if the generators are used for stand‐alone applications, the advantages of multi‐phase machines that make them viable for drive applications can also be effectively exploited in generating applications. This paper discusses behavior of a six‐phase self‐excited induction generator (SPSEIG) configured to operate as a stand‐alone electric energy source in conjunction with a hydro power plant. A purely experimental treatment is provided with the emphasis placed on operating regimes that illustrate the advantages of using a SPSEIG. In particular, it is shown that the SPSEIG can operate with a single three‐phase capacitor bank, so that the loss of excitation or fault at one winding does not lead to the system shutdown. The generator can also supply two separate three‐phase loads, which represents an additional advantage. Last but not least, outputs of the two three‐phase windings can be used to supply a single three‐phase load through an interconnecting six‐phase to three‐phase transformer, in which case failure of one three‐phase winding does not lead to the system shutdown and the load can be still supplied from the remaining healthy winding. Experimental results include study of self‐excitation transients, loading transients with independent three‐phase resistive and resistive–inductive load at each of the two three‐phase winding sets, and measured steady state characteristics for various load and /or capacitor bank configurations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Liverwort Radula species from Portugal: chemotaxonomical evaluation of volatiles composition
Authors: Figueiredo A. Cristina , Sim‐Sim Manuela , Barroso José G. , Pedro Luis G. , Esquível M. Glória , Fontinha Susana , Luís Leena , Martins Soraia , Lobo Carlos , Stech Michael 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe volatiles isolated by distillation‐extraction from 48 samples of seven liverwort Radula species collected on Azores and Madeira archipelagos and mainland Portugal, as well as one from Switzerland, were analysed by GC and GC–MS. Cluster analysis of the volatiles composition resulted in two major clusters. The chemically very diverse cluster I included the oil samples of Radula aquilegia from Madeira, R. jonesii, R. holtii, R. nudicaulis, R. lindenbergiana as well as R. complanata from Switzerland. Cluster II was characterized by high relative amounts of several sesquiterpenes and included the oil samples of R. aquilegia from the Azores as well as R. carringtonii and R. wichurae. 3‐Methoxy bibenzyl was the major oil component from R. complanata and R. lindenbergiana. Except for R. aquilegia and the closely related species R. complanata and R. lindenbergiana, the cluster analysis allows distinction of all studied species, indicating the chemotaxonomical value of the volatile oil characters. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Secondary school fees and the causal effect of schooling on health behavior
Authors: Reinhold Steffen , Jürges Hendrik 
Published: July 2009

AbstractUsing German census data, we estimate the causal effect of education on smoking and overweight/obesity using the abolition of secondary school fees as instrumental variable. The West German federal states enacted this reform at different dates after World War II, generating exogenous variation in the access to secondary education. While we find a strong association between schooling and health behaviors using OLS, we do not find support for the notion that education causes better health behavior. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A custom collaboration service system for idea management of mobile phone design
Authors: Tung Wei‐Feng , Yuan Soe‐Tsyr , Tsai Je‐Ren 
Published: July 2009

AbstractCustomized collaborative service (CCS) systems are defined as the e‐services transforming a business process into a collaborative service model and aiming to facilitate interactions with customers and assist the providers in dealing with collaborative strategies and activities. The demand for such services has grown rapidly in a shift of people out of the manufacturing mindset into the service‐dominant mindset. For example, the mobile‐phone market now tends to customization rather than commoditization, and customer‐driven design strategies increasingly substitute for technology‐driven design strategies. This trend accordingly urges the mobile‐phone companies to center on a customer‐centric idea management process to assure customer idea originality but also sustain the process feasibility for realistic product design. However, a method to engineer such CCS systems has not been addressed. This article presents a prototype system named iMobileDesign to exemplify a CCS system. We present a new methodology to engineer this CCS system aiming to achieve semiautomated value coproduction with productivity and satisfaction. This method comprises two parts: simple service machine (SSM) and intelligent service machine (ISM). Usage of SSM and ISM would lead to the formation of analysis and design of the CCS system that joins the service provider efforts with their customers for ensuring a customer‐centric idea management process. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantitative evaluation of DNA hypermethylation in malignant and benign breast tissue and fluids
Authors: Zhu Weizhu , Qin Wenyi , Hewett John E. , Sauter Edward R. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe assessment of DNA had demonstrated altered methylation in malignant compared to benign breast tissue. The purpose of our study was to (i) confirm the predictive ability of methylation assessment in breast tissue, and (ii) use the genes found to be cancer predictive in tissue to evaluate the diagnostic potential of hypermethylation assessment in nipple aspirate fluid (NAF) and mammary ductoscopic (MD) samples. Quantitative methylation specific (qMS)‐PCR was conducted on three specimen sets: 44 malignant (CA) and 34 normal (NL) tissue specimens, 18 matched CA, adjacent normal (ANL) tissue and NAF specimens, and 119 MD specimens. Training and validation tissue sets were analyzed to determine the optimal group of cancer predictive genes for NAF and MD analysis. NAF and MD cytologic review were also performed. Methylation of CCND‐2, p16, RAR‐β and RASSF‐1a was significantly more prevalent in tumor than in normal tissue specimens. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated an area under the curve of 0.96. For the 18 matched CA, ANL and NAF specimens, the four predictive genes identified in cancer tissue contained increased methylation in CA vs. ANL tissue; NAF samples had higher methylation than ANL specimens. Methylation frequency was higher in MD specimens from breasts with cancer than benign samples for p16 and RASSF‐1a. In summary, i) routine quantitative DNA methylation assessment in NAF and MD samples is possible, and ii) genes hypermethylated in malignant breast tissue are also altered in matched NAF and in MD samples, and may be useful to assist in early breast cancer detection.