bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognosis of ampullary cancer based on immunohistochemical type and expression of osteopontin
Authors: Zhao Xiang-qian , Dong Jia-hong , Zhang Wen-zhi , Liu Zhe 
Published: October 2011

Abstract

Background
Ampullary cancer (AC) was classified as pancreatobiliary, intestinal, or other subtype based on the expression of cytokeratin 7 (CK7) and cytokeratin 20 (CK20). We aimed to explore the association of AC subtype with patient prognosis.

Methods
The relationship of AC subtype and expression of Osteopontin (OPN) with the prognosis of 120 AC patients after pancreaticoduodenectomy was investigated.

Results
The patients had pancreatobiliary (CK7+/CK20-, n = 24, 20%), intestinal (CK7-/CK20+, n = 29, 24.2%) or other (CK7+/CK20+ or CK7-/CK20-, n = 67, 55.8%) subtypes of AC, and their median survival times were 23 ± 4.2, 38 ± 2.8 and 64 ± 16.8 months, respectively. The survival times of 64 OPN- patients (53.3%) and 56 OPN+ patients (46.7%) were 69 ± 18.4 and 36 ± 1.3 months, respectively. There was no significant effect of AC subtype on survival of OPN- patients. For OPN+ patients, those with pancreatobiliary AC had a shorter survival time (22 ± 6.6 months) than those with intestinal AC (37 ± 1.4 months, p = 0.041), and other AC subtype (36 ± 0.9 months, p = 0.010); intestinal and other AC subtypes had similar survival times.

Conclusions
The prognosis of AC patients can be estimated based on immunohistochemical classification and OPN status.
Comparative analyses of Campylobacter concisus strains reveal the genome of the reference strain BAA-1457 is not representative of the species
Authors: Kaakoush Nadeem O , Deshpande Nandan P , Wilkins Marc R , Raftery Mark J , Janitz Karolina , Mitchell Hazel 
Published: October 2011

Abstract

Background
Several studies have shown that significant genotypic heterogeneity exists among Campylobacter concisus strains. Recently, the genome of C. concisus UNSWCD, isolated from a patient with Crohn's disease, was sequenced.

Results
In this study, comparative analyses were performed between strain UNSWCD and BAA-1457, isolated from a patient with acute gastroenteritis. Searches between C. concisus UNSWCD and BAA-1457 showed that 76% of genes were homologues, whereas those between C. jejuni strains showed 90-91% to be homologues, indicating substantial variation exists within these two C. concisus genomes. More specific bidirectional homology searches identified 1593 genes that are shared between these strains, and 115 and 281 genes unique to UNSWCD and BAA-1457, respectively. Significantly, differences in the type of flagellin glycosylation pathways between the two strains were identified and confirmed by PCR. The protein profiles of UNSWCD, BAA-1457 and a further six strains of C. concisus were compared and analyzed bioinformatically, and this differentiated the strains into four clades. BAA-1457 was found to be highly divergent (average similarity: 56.8%) from the other seven strains (mean average similarity ± standard deviation: 64.7 ± 1.7%). Furthermore, searches for homologues of the 1593 proteins found to be common between UNSWCD and BAA-1457 were conducted against all available bacterial genomes, and 18 proteins were found to be unique to C. concisus, of which 6 were predicted to be secreted, and may represent good markers for detection of this species.

Conclusions
This study has elucidated several features that may be responsible for the heterogeneity that exists among C. concisus strains, and has determined that the strain BAA-1457 is genetically atypical to other C. concisus strains and is not a good candidate reference strain.
Exposure Assessment of ETBE in Gas Station Workers and Gasoline Tanker Truck Drivers
Authors: Eitaki Yoko , Kawai Toshio , Omae Kazuyuki 
Published: October 2011

Exposure Assessment of ETBE in Gas Station Workers and Gasoline Tanker Truck Drivers: Yoko Eitaki, et al. Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Keio University—ObjectivesIn order to measure occupational exposure concentrations of ethyl tertiarybutyl ether (ETBE), we developed a diffusive sampling method for monitoring ETBE and performed an ETBE exposure assessment.MethodsThe applicability of diffusive samplers was examined by exposing the samplers to ETBE vapor in test chambers. The personal exposure levels of workers and airborne concentrations were measured at 4 gas stations.ResultsThe ETBE sampling rate for the diffusive samplers (VOC‐SD, Sigma‐Aldrich Japan) was 25.04 ml/min (25ºC). Compared with the active sampling method, the diffusive samplers could be used for short‐term measurements and in environments containing a mixture of organic solvents. The geometric mean (GM) of TWA‐8h ETBE was 0.08 ppm (0.02–0.28 ppm) in 28 gas station workers and 0.04 ppm (0.01–0.21 ppm) in 2 gasoline tanker truck drivers. With regard to ETBE airborne concentrations, the GM was 4.12 ppm (0.93–8.71 ppm) at the handles of hanging pumps but dropped to less than 0.01 ppm (less than 0.01–0.01 ppm) at the side of a public road.ConclusionThe diffusive sampling method can be used for the measurement of occupational ETBE exposure. The threshold limit of TLV‐TWA 5 ppm recommended by the ACGIH was not exceeded in any of the workers in this study.
To be or Not to be a Clinical Director?
Authors: Emmerson Brett , Norrie Peter , Patton Murray , O'Connor Nick 
Published: October 2011

Objective: This article is designed to raise the interest of psychiatrists in the position of clinical director. Conclusions: The clinical director can improve the recovery of large numbers of mental health consumers by influencing the direction of local mental health policy, planning and funding. The effective clinical director will be an experienced psychiatrist with clinical credibility, who is present and available, leads by example, is flexible, energetic, delegates, can “manage up” and has probably undergone management training.
From Traumatic Attachment to Somatization Disorder
Authors: Haliburn Joan 
Published: October 2011

Objective: This paper emphasizes attachment trauma as an important etiological factor in somatization disorder and psychoanalytic psychotherapy as an effective treatment. Method: Weekly psychotherapy with an 18 year old with somatization disorder, using the Conversational Model, is described. Conclusion: Early cumulative trauma has far-reaching health consequences. Brief psychotherapy produces symptom relief, and long-term analytic therapy is necessary for sustained improvement.
“Big MAC”: The Role of Consultation Liaison Psychiatry in Hospital Medical Advisory Committees
Authors: Parker Robert , Chapman David , Notaras Len 
Published: October 2011

Objectives: The aim of this paper is to describe the participation of a consultation-liaison (CL) psychiatrist within a hospital medical advisory committee (MAC) and examine how this may generally contribute to improved patient care as well as assist in the development of governance within the hospital. Conclusions: Psychiatrists have a role in a MAC in enhancing the recognition of psychiatric care issues within the hospital, educating other members of the committee with respect to improved recognition of mental illness affecting hospital inpatients and enhanced care of patients requiring substitute decision-making. The psychiatrist also has a role in advising the committee on psychosocial issues generally affecting the hospital service as well as informing on psychological issues that impact on hospital staff performance. To an extent, CL psychiatry also encompasses issues involving all the other medical craft groups in hospitals, offering the opportunity for a “global” perspective that may be expressed through participation in a MAC.
La Bulle Rose, au regard de la surdité
Authors: Esponde Marie , Carrère-Bordehore Nicolas 
Published: October 2011

Résumé En 1988, la Bulle Rose a inauguré à Toulouse ce qui sera ensuite nommé « lieux d’accueil enfants-parents ». En avril 2010, l’équipe des accueillants s’est élargie, revisitant pour l’occasion son dispositif, non pas dans le projet de répondre à une communauté, mais bien plutôt de ne pas rester sourde à ceux qui lui adressaient une demande. Que les enjeux imaginaires de l’entreprise n’empêchent pas l’accès à ce que cette expérience nous apprendrait d’autre que l’attendu en constitue le pari.
Le projet éducatif spécialisé : les enjeux du risque méthodologique
Authors: Rullac Stéphane 
Published: October 2011

Résumé L’éducation spécialisée s’est construite identitairement à partir du rejet de la méthodologie. La réforme du dees de 2007 contraint ces professionnels, et les formateurs en tête, à formaliser de manière inédite une méthode du projet éducatif spécialisé. Cette révolution suscite de nombreuses oppositions qui permettent de saisir une véritable théorie du « risque méthodologique ». À défaut de relever ce défi de formalisation collective, ce métier risque de se laisser définir de manière extérieure et passerait à côté d’une opportunité historique de réduire son hétéronomie professionnelle.
Utilité et liberté de choix dans les classements d'ensembles d'opportunités
Authors: Baujard Antoinette 
Published: October 2011

Résumé L'article vise à étudier la possibilité et la structure du pluralisme moral en se concentrant sur un cas particulier, la valorisation conjointe de l'utilité et de la liberté de choix. L'étude est menée à partir de la « littérature sur la liberté de choix », dont l'objet est de caractériser des classements d'ensembles d'opportunités selon la méthode axiomatique standard en théorie du choix social. Les raffinements du classement cardinal des ensembles ont permis de prendre en compte la valeur des contraintes, la valeur du choix, la diversité des options et la valeur des options pour traduire plus fidèlement les jugements de liberté. L'article discute du rôle de l'utilité ou des préférences dans ces classements d'ensembles et distingue ainsi entre le statut des préférences raisonnables et celui des préférences effectives. Les classements qui prennent simultanément en compte l'utilité effective ou potentielle et la liberté de choix s'interprètent comme des classements de bien-être globaux pluralistes. Il est alors possible de décrire les structures de relation entre l'utilité et la liberté selon différents modes de commensurabilité : la valeur instrumentale de la liberté pour l'utilité, la pondération des valeurs, la considération égalitaire des valeurs, l'ordre lexical des valeurs et la discontinuité. Cette analyse permet de conclure à la possibilité du pluralisme fondamental des valeurs dans le cas de classements qui reposent sur une valorisation discontinue de la liberté et de l'utilité.
Cure de jouvence pour les retraites : les grandes orientations
Authors: de Callataÿ Étienne 
Published: October 2011

Résumé Tant la population que les arrangements institutionnels ont vieilli, ce qui a démultiplié les défis des finances publiques et de la cohésion sociale. La contribution cherche à identifier les principes directeurs d’une réforme des retraites en Belgique avec pour objectif d’élever le taux de participation des travailleurs âgés. Trois jeux de recommandations sont présentés. Le premier vise à corriger le manque de neutralité actuarielle des régimes actuels. Cela pourrait se faire par un système de comptes notionnels ou au travers d’une formule de calcul individuel des retraites basée sur le ratio entre la durée des cotisations et l’espérance de vie au moment du départ à la retraite. Le deuxième concerne le marché du travail, avec l’identification des facteurs qui découragent les entreprises d’employer des travailleurs âgés et les travailleurs d’allonger leur carrière. Le troisième a trait à l’harmonisation des régimes de retraite et à la réforme des retraites complémentaires. L’article conclut par un commentaire sur l’interaction entre une réforme structurelle des retraites et la réforme institutionnelle actuellement débattue en Belgique. JEL : H55, I38, J18
The TLR3/TICAM-1 Pathway Is Mandatory for Innate Immune Responses to Poliovirus Infection
Authors: Oshiumi Hiroyuki , Okamoto Masaaki , Fujii Ken , Kawanishi Takashi , Matsumoto Misako , Koike Satoshi , Seya Tsukasa 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Cytoplasmic and endosomal RNA sensors recognize RNA virus infection and signals to protect host cells by inducing type I IFN. The cytoplasmic RNA sensors, retinoic acid inducible gene I/melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5, actually play pivotal roles in sensing virus replication. IFN-β promoter stimulator-1 (IPS-1) is their common adaptor for IFN-inducing signaling. Toll/IL-1R homology domain-containing adaptor molecule 1 (TICAM-1), also known as TRIF, is the adaptor for TLR3 that recognizes viral dsRNA in the early endosome in dendritic cells and macrophages. Poliovirus (PV) belongs to the Picornaviridae, and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 reportedly detects replication of picornaviruses, leading to the induction of type I IFN. In this study, we present evidence that the TLR3/TICAM-1 pathway governs IFN induction and host protection against PV infection. Using human PVR transgenic (PVRtg) mice, as well as IPS-1−/− and TICAM-1−/− mice, we found that TICAM-1 is essential for antiviral responses that suppress PV infection. TICAM-1−/− mice in the PVRtg background became markedly susceptible to PV, and their survival rates were decreased compared with wild-type or IPS-1−/− mice. Similarly, serum and organ IFN levels were markedly reduced in TICAM-1−/−/PVRtg mice, particularly in the spleen and spinal cord. The sources of type I IFN were CD8α+/CD11c+ splenic dendritic cells and macrophages, where the TICAM-1 pathway was more crucial for PV-derived IFN induction than was the IPS-1 pathway in ex vivo and in vitro analyses. These data indicate that the TLR3/TICAM-1 pathway functions are dominant in host protection and innate immune responses against PV infection.
The Use of Environmental Control Units by Occupational Therapists in Spinal Cord Injury and Disease Services
Authors: Holme Susan Ames , Kanny Elizabeth M. , Guthrie Mark R. , Johnson Kurt L. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Objectives. This study investigated issues related to the use of environmental control units (ECUs) with persons who have spinal cord injury and disease (SCI/D) to ascertain what, if any, changes are needed to optimize occupational therapy service delivery in this area.
Method. A questionnaire was mailed to 120 occupational therapists employed by facilities nationwide that serve persons with SCI/D. The survey addressed the occupational therapist’s role in the recommendation and use of ECUs, funding sources, and training needs. The response rate was 89% (n = 107).
Results. Most respondents (88%) indicated that occupational therapists were the predominant professionals in their facilities who evaluated and recommended ECUs. The majority of respondents (84%) reported using ECUs in hospital-based treatment with persons with SCI/D. However, respondents only recommended ECUs for home use for fewer than 25% of their clients. High cost and the lack of third-party reimbursement were the primary reasons that deterred respondents from recommending ECUs for home use. Fifty-five percent of the respondents reported a need for basic training and 86% for more in-depth education and training in environmental control technologies.
Conclusion. Outcomes data are needed to support the use of ECUs and to educate third-party payers about the benefits of ECUs for clients with quadriplegia in order to increase rates of reimbursement. In addition, occupational therapists themselves may need improved training in evaluating and training clients in the use of ECU technology.
Symbolic Play Language During Sensory Integration Treatment
Authors: Cross Laura A. , Coster Wendy J. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Objective. Clinical writings on sensory integration treatment and theory have long professed that play serves as an important means of implementing treatment goals. However, to date, there has been little research that examines this aspect of the intervention. With the use of play language as an indicator for the occurrence of play, this study examined the frequency and characteristics associated with symbolic play language that therapists and children use during sensory integration therapy. This study is part of an ongoing research program designed to examine therapist-child interactions.
Method. The frequency of symbolic play language observed in 41 videotaped treatment sessions of therapist-child dyads (21 children, 12 therapists) was recorded with the Challenge Coding System. The presence of symbolic play language was recorded if the child or therapist used language that incorporated the child, therapist, equipment, or activity into a symbolic or pretend play theme. The frequency of symbolic play language and percentage of time spent using play language were calculated. Associations among frequency of play language, child age, and behavior during the session (e.g., seeking assistance, cooperation) were also examined.
Results. Symbolic play language proved to be a major feature of sensory integration treatment sessions. It also correlated with child age and with some features associated with therapeutic interactions (i.e., child tries hard, child seeks assistance, therapist assists child, therapist modifies activity, therapist structures activity).
Conclusion. The results suggest that these therapists used play language frequently and that this usage may support children in sensory integrative therapy to successfully accomplish activities.
Educational Techniques Used in Occupational Therapy Treatment of Cumulative Trauma Disorders of the Elbow, Wrist, and Hand
Authors: Lawler Amy L. , James Anne B. , Tomlin George 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Objective. This study examined patient education techniques used by occupational therapists when treating cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs) of the elbow, wrist, and hand.
Method. A self-administered survey was sent to 232 registered occupational therapists whose primary area of practice was hand therapy. The questionnaire sought information about specific content areas and methods (i.e., media, format) used to educate patients about preventing the recurrence of CTDs in the elbow, wrist, and hand.
Results. One hundred twenty-eight therapists responded to the survey. A majority of respondent (n = 116) reported that patient education content areas consisted of anatomy of the joint, the CTD disease process, and job modification. Verbal instruction, illustrations, and pamphlets and handouts were the most frequently used forms of educational media. A majority of respondents (n = 111) also reported that individual interaction was the most common format of patient education.
Conclusion. The findings indicate that a majority of therapists use the same patient education techniques with regard to content areas, media, and format, regardless of the area being treated (i.e., elbow, wrist, hand). Furthermore, it appears that therapists with specialty training in CTDs more frequently include anatomy of the elbow, job modification, and proper body mechanics in the content of their patient education about the elbow.
Occupational Therapists’ Beliefs and Practices With Regard to Spirituality and Therapy
Authors: Engquist Douglas E. , Short-DeGraff Margaret , Gliner Jeffrey , Oltjenbruns Kevin 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Objective. What is the role of occupational therapists with regard to clients’ spirituality? What activities address spirituality in occupational therapy? Whom do practitioners think should be responsible for helping clients with their spiritual needs? The objectives of this study were to address these and other related questions by validating a previously used questionnaire and establishing a baseline of occupational therapists’ opinions and practices about spirituality and therapy on which future research can be built.
Method. A previously piloted questionnaire was revised to investigate the opinions of 500 U.S. registered occupational therapists about spirituality and therapy. The 54% return rate yielded a sample of 270 respondents.
Results. Nearly 79% of the respondents agreed that the questionnaire accurately measured their opinions about therapy and spirituality. Spirituality is an important part of life for 89% of the respondents, helps 79% with daily job responsibilities, and is viewed as a very important dimension of health and rehabilitation by 84%. However, 63% were either undecided or disagreed that addressing spirituality was within the scope of occupational therapy practice.
Conclusion. In general, the respondents reported that spirituality is important and helpful in their personal lives and a very important dimension of the health and rehabilitation of their clients. However, less than 40% of the respondents indicated that addressing clients’ spiritual needs was within the scope of their professional practice, and the majority (82%) reported that their academic training did not prepare them to address the spiritual needs of clients. The questionnaire, now validated with a national sample, may be used for follow-up studies to further investigate the role of spirituality in health and rehabilitation.
A Copernican Revolution in Clinical Ethics: Engagement Versus Disengagement
Authors: Van Amburg Ross 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Spiritual fulfillment in the professional role of occupational therapy practitioner is hindered by the ethical consideration of maintaining an objective client–therapist relationship. Objectivity is a disengaged perspective that depersonalizes human relationships. It operates on the tacitly performed, reductionistic assumption that all truth can be structurally represented and verified. However, to obtain meaning from truth is to adequately interpret experience through dialogue. Meaningful experiences are hermeneutical in nature and require engaged, sympathetic relationships to be spiritually manifested.
“And Teach Agony To Sing”: An Afternoon With Eleanor Clarke Slagle
Authors: Bing Robert K. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Using published works, archival correspondence, interviews with contemporaries, and historical commentary, an imagined conversation is presented between Eleanor Clarke Slagle (1871–1942) and three of her actual contemporaries. As a founder of the National Society for the Promotion of Occupational Therapy (later to become the American Occupational Therapy Association [AOTA]) and a past-president and executive secretary of AOTA for 21 years, Slagle came in contact with a host of therapists as well as men and women who influenced her and the occupational therapy profession, most particularly Julia Lathrop, Adolf Meyer, William Rush Dunton, Jr., and Ida Sands. Emphasis is placed on some of her early life experiences; Hull House; and the evolution of the occupational therapy belief system, including occupations, curative work, and spiritual rehabilitation (i.e., self-respect, interests, ambition, happiness, economic usefulness, success). Special attention was taken to reflect Slagle’s typical use of language and the vernacular of the mid-1930s. Extensive study was undertaken, through reading Slagle’s published works, to remain true to her use of language.