bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in end-of-life care patterns between types of hospice used for cancer patients: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yun Il , Park Eun-Cheol , Nam Chung Mo , Shin Jaeyong , Jang Suk-Yong , Jang Sung-In 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
In response to the rapid aging population and increasing number of cancer patients, discussions on dignified end-of-life (EoL) decisions are active around the world. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the differences in EoL care patterns between types of hospice used for cancer patients.

Methods
In this population-based cohort study, the Korean National Health Insurance Service cohort data containing all registered cancer patients who died between 2017 and 2021 were used. A total of 408,964 individuals were eligible for analysis. The variable of interest, the type of hospice used in the 6 months before death, was classified as follows: (1) Non-hospice users; (2) Hospital-based hospice single users; (3) Home-based hospice single users; (4) Combined hospice users. The outcomes were set as patterns of care, including intense care and supportive care. To identify differences in care patterns between hospice types, a generalized linear model with zero-inflated negative binomial distribution was applied.

Results
Hospice enrollment was associated with less intense care and more supportive care near death. Notably, those who used combined hospice care had the lowest probability and frequency of receiving intense care (aOR: 0.18, 95% CI: 0.17–0.19, aRR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.44–0.49), while home-based hospice single users had the highest probability and frequency of receiving supportive care (Prescription for narcotic analgesics, aOR: 2.95, 95% CI: 2.69–3.23, aRR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.41–1.49; Mental health care, aOR: 3.40, 95% CI: 3.13–3.69, aRR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.31–1.39).

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that although intense care for life-sustaining decreases with hospice enrollment, QoL at the EoL actually improves with appropriate supportive care. This study is meaningful in that it not only offers valuable insight into hospice care for terminally ill patients, but also provides policy implications for the introduction of patient-centered community-based hospice services.
Photodynamic and nitric oxide therapy-based synergistic antimicrobial nanoplatform: an advanced root canal irrigation system for endodontic bacterial infections
Authors: Zeng Youyun , Hu Xiangyu , Cai Zhibin , Qiu Dongchao , Ran Ying , Ding Yiqin , Shi Jiayi , Cai Xiaojun , Pan Yihuai 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
The main issues faced during the treatment of apical periodontitis are the management of bacterial infection and the facilitation of the repair of alveolar bone defects to shorten disease duration. Conventional root canal irrigants are limited in their efficacy and are associated with several side effects. This study introduces a synergistic therapy based on nitric oxide (NO) and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) for the treatment of apical periodontitis.

Results
This research developed a multifunctional nanoparticle, CGP, utilizing guanidinylated poly (ethylene glycol)-poly (ε-Caprolactone) polymer as a carrier, internally loaded with the photosensitizer chlorin e6. During root canal irrigation, the guanidino groups on the surface of CGP enabled effective biofilm penetration. These groups undergo oxidation by hydrogen peroxide in the aPDT process, triggering the release of NO without hindering the production of singlet oxygen. The generated NO significantly enhanced the antimicrobial capability and biofilm eradication efficacy of aPDT. Furthermore, CGP not only outperforms conventional aPDT in eradicating biofilms but also effectively promotes the repair of alveolar bone defects post-eradication. Importantly, our findings reveal that CGP exhibits significantly higher biosafety compared to sodium hypochlorite, alongside superior therapeutic efficacy in a rat model of apical periodontitis.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates that CGP, an effective root irrigation system based on aPDT and NO, has a promising application in root canal therapy.
A retrospective clinical analysis of 11 cases of PEComa from different sites
Authors: Yan Jinbowen , Zhou Dan , Wang Yifei , Yang Bowen , Wang Yuefeng , Zhang Kaili , Zhang Shuo , Zhang Bo , Meng Qingwei , Lv Qiubo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The objective of this paper is to offer a thorough examination of the clinical presentations, etiology, and treatment strategies associated with perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComas).

Methods
This retrospective study examined the comprehensive archival data of PEComa cases diagnosed at Beijing Hospital from 2015 to 2023. The pathology slides of all patients were thoroughly reassessed by two experienced pathologists. A thorough retrospective analysis was undertaken, incorporating clinicopathological data including gender, age at diagnosis, initial clinical manifestations, signs, disease onset site, tumor markers, imaging findings, therapeutic modalities, pathological features, immunohistochemical profiles, treatment responses, and prognostic indicators. Patients were evaluated for disease severity according to established pathological classification criteria and were followed up until the designated analysis cut-off date. In instances where patients were unable to be monitored on-site, they were contacted via telephone for postoperative follow-up inquiries.

Results
This study included 11 patients with ages ranging from 17 to 66 years old, presenting with the disease in multiple anatomical sites, including the retroperitoneum (2/11), liver (4/11), kidney (4/11), lung (1/11), and broad ligament of the uterus (1/11). Most patients presented with non-specific clinical symptoms and were subsequently diagnosed with space-occupying lesions upon physical examination. The tumor demonstrated progressive growth and enlargement, which could result in compression of neighboring organs. Preoperative imaging alone is insufficient for a definitive diagnosis of PEComa, but MRI can provide an initial evaluation of the tumor’s potential malignancy. Molecular marker testing specific to PEComa, such as HMB-45 (90.0%), SMA (81.8%), Melan-A (90.9%), vimentin (90.9%), and Desmin (36.3%), was conducted on all patients. No adjuvant therapies were administered postoperatively. Upon analysis, no instances of relapse at the primary site or the development of new tumors at other sites were observed. Regular imaging reviews of three patients with malignant PEComa post-surgery showed no evidence of recurrence.

Conclusions
The clinical presentation, tumor biomarkers, and imaging characteristics of PEComa lack specificity, necessitating dependence on pathology and immunohistochemistry for precise diagnosis. The mainstay of treatment consists of surgical resection, with patients typically experiencing a favorable prognosis.
Continuity of the solutions sets for parametric set optimization problems
Authors: Yang Manli , Li Taiyong , Xu Guanghui 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe current study focuses on exploring the stability of solution sets pertaining to set optimization problems, particularly with regard to the set order relation outlined by Karaman et al. 2018. Sufficient conditions are provided for the lower semicontinuity, upper semicontinuity, and compactness of m-minimal solution mappings in parametric set optimization, where the involved set-valued mapping is Lipschitz continuous.
Determinants of COVID-19 vaccination intention in Central and Eastern Europe: A cross-sectional study in Poland, Romania, and Slovenia
Authors: Slavec Ana , Iwanowska Magdalena , Bałandynowicz-Panfil Katarzyna , Olah Șerban , Zvonar Mojca Šoštarič , Štebe Janez , Łosiewicz Małgorzata 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Identifying predictors of vaccination intention is critical to developing appropriate programs and campaigns targeting groups reluctant to be vaccinated. This study aimed to identify the determinants of vaccination intention at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in three Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries: Poland, Romania, and Slovenia.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, a sample of unvaccinated 1723 Poles, Romanians, and Slovenians completed an online survey (April 2021). Questions included measures of vaccination intention, attitudes towards vaccines, conspiracy mindset, preference for a type of vaccine, and trust in information sources.

Results
The results showed that mistrust of vaccine benefits and concerns about commercial profiteering negatively predicted vaccination intention. Conversely, trust in information from medical professionals and scientists, official sources, and traditional media was positively related to vaccination intention, while trust in digital media was negatively related to vaccination intention. In addition, preference for mRNA vaccine type was a positive significant predictor of vaccination intention. The differences between countries are discussed.

Conclusions
The study results deliver suggestions for developing appropriate vaccine uptake programs and campaigns that should consider presenting the positive outcomes of vaccines via official sources and traditional media based on scientific evidence and medical professionals’ knowledge.
Application and value of anxiety and depression scale in patients with functional dyspepsia
Authors: Ruan Yejiao , Lin Hao , Lu Xinru , Lin Yiying , Sun Jian , Xu Cengqi , Zhou Lingjun , Cai Zhenzhai , Chen Xiaoyan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Patients with functional dyspepsia (FD) cannot be assessed for their mental health using a suitable and practical measure. The purpose of the study is to investigate the usefulness of several anxiety and depression scales in patients with FD, offering recommendations for clinical identification and therapy.

Methods
From September 2021 to September 2022, patients were sought and selected. The psychological symptoms were assessed using ten depression or anxiety questionnaires. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, Spearman analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, and single factor analysis were applied.

Results
Prospective analysis was performed on 142 healthy individuals and 113 patients with FD. In the case group, anxiety and depression symptoms were more common than in the control group, and the 10 scales showed strong validity and reliability. HAMD had the strongest connection with the PHQ-9 score on the depression scale (0.83). The score correlation between SAS and HAMA on the anxiety analysis scale was the greatest at 0.77. The PHQ-9, SAS, HAMD, and HAMA measures performed exceptionally well in detecting FD with anxiety or depression symptoms (AUC = 0.72, 0.70, 0.70, 0.77, and 0.77, respectively).

Conclusions
PHQ-9, SAS, HAMD, and HAMA scales have good application performance in FD patients. They can assist gastroenterologists in evaluating anxiety and depression symptoms, and provide reference and guidance for subsequent treatment.
Identification and Characterization of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor–Induced Toxicities From Electronic Health Records Using Natural Language Processing
Authors: Barman Hannah , Venkateswaran Sriram , Santo Antonio Del , Yoo Unice , Silvert Eli , Rao Krishna , Raghunathan Bharathwaj , Kottschade Lisa A. , Block Matthew S. , Chandler G. Scott , Zalis Joshua , Wagner Tyler E. , Mohindra Rajat 
Published: April 2024

PURPOSE Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer treatment, yet their use is associated with immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Estimating the prevalence and patient impact of these irAEs in the real-world data setting is critical for characterizing the benefit/risk profile of ICI therapies beyond the clinical trial population. Diagnosis codes, such as International Classification of Diseases codes, do not comprehensively illustrate a patient's care journey and offer no insight into drug-irAE causality. This study aims to capture the relationship between ICIs and irAEs more accurately by using augmented curation (AC), a natural language processing–based innovation, on unstructured data in electronic health records. METHODS In a cohort of 9,290 patients treated with ICIs at Mayo Clinic from 2005 to 2021, we compared the prevalence of irAEs using diagnosis codes and AC models, which classify drug-irAE pairs in clinical notes with implied textual causality. Four illustrative irAEs with high patient impact—myocarditis, encephalitis, pneumonitis, and severe cutaneous adverse reactions, abbreviated as MEPS—were analyzed using corticosteroid administration and ICI discontinuation as proxies of severity. RESULTS For MEPS, only 70% (n = 118) of patients found by AC were also identified by diagnosis codes. Using AC models, patients with MEPS received corticosteroids for their respective irAE 82% of the time and permanently discontinued the ICI because of the irAE 35.9% (n = 115) of the time. CONCLUSION Overall, AC models enabled more accurate identification and assessment of patient impact of ICI-induced irAEs not found using diagnosis codes, demonstrating a novel and more efficient strategy to assess real-world clinical outcomes in patients treated with ICIs.
Wasserstein Robust Classification with Fairness Constraints
Authors: Wang Yijie , Nguyen Viet Anh , Hanasusanto Grani A. 
Published: April 2024

Problem definition: Data analytics models and machine learning algorithms are increasingly deployed to support consequential decision-making processes, from deciding which applicants will receive job offers and loans to university enrollments and medical interventions. However, recent studies show these models may unintentionally amplify human bias and yield significant unfavorable decisions to specific groups. Methodology/results: We propose a distributionally robust classification model with a fairness constraint that encourages the classifier to be fair in the equality of opportunity criterion. We use a type-[Formula: see text] Wasserstein ambiguity set centered at the empirical distribution to represent distributional uncertainty and derive a conservative reformulation for the worst-case equal opportunity unfairness measure. We show that the model is equivalent to a mixed binary conic optimization problem, which standard off-the-shelf solvers can solve. We propose a convex, hinge-loss-based model for large problem instances whose reformulation does not incur binary variables to improve scalability. Moreover, we also consider the distributionally robust learning problem with a generic ground transportation cost to hedge against the label and sensitive attribute uncertainties. We numerically examine the performance of our proposed models on five real-world data sets related to individual analysis. Compared with the state-of-the-art methods, our proposed approaches significantly improve fairness with negligible loss of predictive accuracy in the testing data set. Managerial implications: Our paper raises awareness that bias may arise when predictive models are used in service and operations. It generally comes from human bias, for example, imbalanced data collection or low sample sizes, and is further amplified by algorithms. Incorporating fairness constraints and the distributionally robust optimization (DRO) scheme is a powerful way to alleviate algorithmic biases. Funding: This work was supported by the National Science Foundation [Grants 2342505 and 2343869] and the Chinese University of Hong Kong [Grant 4055191]. Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.0230 .
KAJIAN DAMPAK EMISI UDARA PADA PRODUKSI MINYAK BUMI DI PERUSAHAAN “A” MENGGUNAKAN METODE LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT (LCA)
Authors: AM Annur Yudha , Assomadi Abdu Fadli 
Published: April 2024

Emisi terbesar dari proses produksi minyak bumi ini didominasi oleh gas nitrogen oksida (NOx) yang menyumbang 60% dari total emisi. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan kajian dampak yang terjadi dari kegiatan produksi minyak bumi dengan menggunakan metode Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Dalam penelitian ini identifikasi dampak lingkungan dilakukan menggunakan software aplikasi SimaPro 9 dan penilaian yang dilakukan berbasis midpoint. Dalam penilaian midpoint digunakan 1 metode yaitu metode CML-IA Baseline. Life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) atau penilaian dampak dengan menggunakan penilaian midpoint meliputi global warming, human toxicity, photochemichal oxidation, ozone layer depletion, acidification, eutrophication, abiotic depletion, dan abiotic depletion (fossil fuel). Emisi yang dianalisis antara lain CO2, CH4, NOx dan SOx. Dalam penelitian ini lingkup analisis yang digunakan dari sistem proses adalah cradle to gate. Hasil dari analisis menghasilkan nilai dampak paling besar berasal dari unit A power generator. Kategori dampak paling besar dari metode CML-IA Baseline adalah acidification. Hasil dari analisis sensitivity check menghasilkan nilai dari kedua variasi diatas 10% yaitu 16% dari setiap variasi. Skenario program alternatif yang direkomendasikan adalah teknologi kogenerasi dan non selective catalytic reduction (NSCR) dikarenakan dapat menurunkan acidification sebesar 69,81 %, eutrophication 69,82% dan human toxicity 69,40%.
FITOTREATMENT SEBAGAI POLISHING TREATMENT AIR LIMBAH SEKTOR PERIKANAN DI PASAR TRADISIONAL DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN SALVINIA MOLESTA DAN PISTIA STRATIOTES
Authors: Ardiansyah Putra Muhammad Zidane , Tangahu Bieby Voijant 
Published: April 2024

Kegiatan perikanan menghasilkan air limbah dengan kadar BOD, COD, dan TSS yang cukup tinggi sehingga berbahaya apabila dibuang secara langsung ke sungai. Salah satu pengolahan yang dapat dilakukan yaitu dengan menggunakan fitotreatment atau pengolahan dengan menggunakan tumbuhan. Tumbuhan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu Salvinia molesta dan Pistia stratiotes. Tahapan penelitian ini yaitu propagasi, aklimatisasi, range finding test, dan tahap uji fitotreatment. Air limbah sektor perikanan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini berasal dari UPT Pasar Gresik dengan pH sebesar 6,54, BOD 310 mg/L, COD 853,3 mg/L, TSS 590 mg/L dan air limbah UPT Pasar Giri dengan pH 6,48, BOD 292 mg/L, COD 746,6 mg/L, TSS 440 mg/L. Berdasarkan uji RFT, Pistia stratiotes mampu bertahan pada konsentrasi 20% untuk air limbah Pasar Gresik dan 40% untuk air limbah Pasar Giri sedangkan tumbuhn Salvinia molesta mampu bertahan pada konsentrasi 10% untuk air limbah Pasar Gresik dan 10% untuk air limbah Pasar Giri. Dari uji fitotreatment didapatkan hasil penyisihan parameter BOD, COD, dan TSS pada air limbah Pasar Giri tumbuhan Pistia stratiotes lebih efektif dalam menurunkan kadar BOD sebesar 84,6 % dan COD 80,6% sedangkan untuk kadar TSS tumbuhan Salvinia molesta lebih efektif dengan penyisihan sebesar 89,8%. Lalu untuk penyisihan parameter BOD, COD, dan TSS pada air limbah Pasar Gresik tumbuhan Pistia stratiotes lebih efektif dalam menurunkan kadar BOD sebesar 92,4 % dan COD 84,4% sedangkan untuk kadar TSS tumbuhan Salvinia molesta lebih efektif dengan penyisihan sebesar 90,9%.
RANCANG BANGUN ALAT PEMANTAU KUALITAS UDARA DENGAN PEMANFAATAN IoT (INTERNET OF THINGS) BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLER MENGGUNAKAN SENSOR MQ-135 DAN MQ-136 PADA WILAYAH KABUPATEN PONOROGO (PARAMETER CO2 DAN SO2)
Authors: Majiid Muhammad Irfanuddin , Assomadi Abdu Fadli 
Published: April 2024

Studi ini menggunakan alat pemantau udara berbasis IoT Arduino uno dengan sensor MQ-135 dan sensor MQ-136. Arduino Uno adalah board mikrokontroler berbasis ATmega328 (datasheet). Memiliki 14 pin input dari output digital dimana 6 pin input tersebut dapat digunakan sebagai output PWM dan 6 pin input analog, 16 MHz osilator kristal, koneksi USB, jack power, ICSP header, dan tombol reset. Untuk mendukung mikrokontroler agar dapat digunakan, Board Arduino Uno dihubungkan ke komputer dengan menggunakan kabel USB atau listrik dengan AC yang-ke adaptor-DC atau baterai untuk menjalankannya. Jenis sensor MQ-135 adalah salah satu sensor yang dapat mendeteksi kadar gas CO2. Sensor ini memiliki konduktivitas rendah jika diletakkan di udara bersih. Lalu jenis sensor MQ-136 merupakan sensor yang memiliki sensitivitas tinggi terhadap gas SO2, sensor ini juga dapat digunakan untuk mendeteksi uap lain yang mengandung gas sulfur. Pada kedua sensor tersebut terdapat nilai resistansi (Rs) yang dapat berubah bila terkena gas dan juga sebuah pemanas yang digunakan sebagai pembersihan ruangan sensor dari kontaminasi udara dari luar. Output dari kedua sensor tersebut berupa data analog. ESP8266 merupakan Smart on Chip (SoC) Wi-Fi yang didesain berukuran minimalis dan hanya menggunakan sedikit rangkaian eksternal. Chip tersebut dapat berkomunikasi melalui infrastruktur wifi menggunakan protokol IPv4, TCP/IP, dan HTTP. Hasil dari pembacaan sensor MQ-135 dan MQ-136 pada alat mikrokontroler menunjukkan nilai yang cukup baik dan juga memenuhi baku mutu yang ada. Pada sensor MQ-135 untuk pembacaan gas CO2 memiliki hasil rata rata 314 ppm. Pada sensor MQ-136 untuk pembacaan gas SO2 memiliki nilai rata rata 0,015 ppm. Sistem kerja pada Android yang dipakai menggunakan aplikasi Blynk Apps dengan pembuatan coding untuk LCD, LED, buzzer, serta sensor yang disambungkan ke smartphone melalui wireless. Penggunaan fitur value sebagai real-time data telah dapat memonitoring dan memberikan notifikasi kualitas udara via smartphone maupun email.
PERENCANAAN PENGEMBANGAN PENGOLAHAN SAMPAH ORGANIK MENGGUNAKAN BLACK SOLDIER FLY (BSF) DI TPS 3R SAWUNGGALING, KEC. TRENGGALEK, KAB. TRENGGALEK
Authors: Aji Pangestu Aditya Kurnia , Bagastyo Arseto Yekti 
Published: April 2024

Pertumbuhan penduduk Kecamatan Trenggalek berdampak pada peningkatan timbulan sampah yang dihasilkan. Namun, reduksi sampah yang dilakukan melalui penyelenggaraan TPS 3R Sawunggaling dengan luas fasilitas 362,5 m2 hanya mengelola 40% - 45% sampah yang masuk sehingga perlu dilakukan pengembangan. Tujuan perencanaan ini antara lain yaitu: mengevaluasi kondisi eksisting pengelolaan sampah; mengidentifikasi timbulan, densitas, dan komposisi sampah; dan merencanakan pengembangan pengolahan sampah organik menggunakan Black Soldier Fly secara aspek teknis dan finansial di TPS 3R Sawunggaling. Kegiatan sampling dilakukan menggunakan metode load-count analysis dan mendapatkan data timbulan, densitas, dan komposisi sampah TPS 3R Sawunggaling. Secara teknis, perencanaan dilakukan dengan menentukan cakupan pelayanan TPS 3R Sawunggaling, menganalisis kesetimbangan massa, merencanakan penambahan fasilitas pengolahan sampah organik oleh BSF, dan menghitung kebutuhan tenaga kerja. Secara finansial, kelayakan perencanaan ditentukan menggunakan metode Net Present Value (NPV) dengan menghitung biaya investasi, biaya operasional dan perawatan, serta potensi pendapatan. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi, pengelolaan sampah di TPS 3R Sawunggaling perlu peningkatan dalam hal pemilahan sampah di sumber, penambahan jadwal tetap dalam hal pengumpulan sampah, dan peningkatan produksi kompos. Timbulan dan densitas sampah TPS 3R Sawunggaling diketahui sebesar 0,67 kg/orang.hari dan 204,91 kg/m3. Komposisi sampah didominasi sampah organik sebesar 83,7% sedangkan sisanya merupakan sampah anorganik. Dengan memanfaatkan potensi sampah organik yang masuk ke TPS 3R Sawunggaling, maka direncanakan pengembangan pengolahan sampah organik dengan menambahkan metode pengomposan menggunakan larva BSF. Pada tahun perencanaan, TPS 3R Sawunggaling melayani 1.268 jiwa dengan timbulan sampah sebesar 864,34 kg/hari. Melalui perencanaan ini, residu TPS 3R Sawunggaling berkurang dari 57,9% menjadi 24,6% sehingga mengurangi timbulan sampah yang diangkut menuju Tempat Pemrosesan Akhir (TPA). Dalam pengelolaan fasilitas ini, TPS 3R Sawunggaling membutuhkan biaya investasi sebesar Rp. 34.271.157,60, biaya operasional sebesar Rp. 217.601.983,80/tahun, dan akan menghasilkan potensi pendapatan sebesar Rp. 434.747.586,62/tahun. Dari biaya tersebut diperoleh nilai NPV positif yang berarti perencanaan pengembangan layak secara finansial.