bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Classroom processes and positive youth development: Conceptualizing, measuring, and improving the capacity of interactions between teachers and students
Authors: Pianta Robert C. , Hamre Bridget K. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe National Research Council's (NRC) statement and description of features of settings that have value for positive youth development have been of great importance in shifting discourse toward creating programs that capitalize on youth motivations toward competence and connections with others. This assets‐based approach to promote development is consistent with the Classroom Assessment Scoring System (CLASS) framework for measuring and improving the quality of teacher‐student interactions in classroom settings. This chapter highlights the similarities between the CLASS and NRC systems and describes the CLASS as a tool for standardized measurement and improvement of classrooms and their effects on children. It argues that the next important steps to be taken in extending the CLASS and NRC frameworks involve reengineering assessments of teacher and classroom quality and professional development around observations of teachers' performance. This might include using observations in policies regarding teacher quality or a “highly effective teacher” that may emanate from the reauthorization of No Child Left Behind and moving away from a course or workshop mode of professional development to one that ties supports directly to teachers' practices in classroom settings.
Quality and accountability in the out‐of‐school‐time sector
Authors: Smith Charles , Devaney Thomas J. , Akiva Tom , Sugar Samantha A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn the fragmented out‐of‐school‐time sector, defining and measuring quality in terms of staff behaviors at the point of service provides a common framework that can reduce obstacles to cross‐sector and cross‐program performance improvement efforts and streamline adoption of data‐driven accountability policies. This chapter views the point of service, that is, the microsettings where adults and youth purposefully interact, as the critical unit of study because it is ubiquitous across out‐of‐school‐time programs and because it is the place where key developmental experiences are intentionally delivered. However, because point‐of‐service behaviors are embedded within multilevel systems where managers set priorities and institutional incentives constrain innovation, effective quality interventions must contend with and attend to this broader policy environment.The Youth Program Quality Assessment (Youth PQA) is one of an emerging class of observational assessment tools that measure staff performances at the point of service and, depending on methodology of use, can help create the conditions that managers and youth workers need to accept, adopt, and sustain accountability initiatives. Observational assessment tools can be flexible enough to be used for program self‐assessment (appropriate for low‐stakes, non‐normative learning purposes), external assessment (appropriate for higher stakes, normative comparisons, and performance accountability), and various hybrids that combine elements from each. We provide advice for decision makers regarding how to most effectively use the Youth PQA and similar measurement tools depending on the articulation of clear purposes for which accountability and improvement policies are enacted and effective sequencing of implementation.
Chemical Hardness and the Adaptive Coordination Behavior of the d0 Transition Metal Oxide Fluoride Anions
Authors: Marvel Michael R. , Pinlac Rachelle Ann F. , Lesage Julien , Stern Charlotte L. , Poeppelmeier Kenneth R. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractFive new isostructural d0 transition metal oxide fluoride compounds Rb3Na(NbOF5)2·H2O and A3Na(MO2F4)2·H2O (A = K, Rb and M = Mo, W) have been synthesized by hydrothermal methods and their original structures determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. In these compounds, the sodium ions preferentially engage in strong electrostatic interactions with the least polarizable fluoride ions and concurrently the Nb5+, M6+ (M = Mo, W) metal centers displace toward the oxide ion(s) located trans to the fluorides in order to maintain atomic valences. Consequently, the oxide and fluoride sites retain unequal charge and the most negatively charged ions form the most/strongest interactions with the cations. The electrostatic potentials and the chemical hardness differences of the oxide and fluoride ions thus determine the anion connectivities: the cis‐oxo MO2F42– anions (M = Mo, W) engage in the most/strongest electrostatic interactions with the alkali counter‐cations through the two fluorides trans to the cis oxides. The NbOF52– anion forms its most/strongest electrostatic interactions with the cations through the one fluoride position trans to the oxide.
Contributions on thermal behaviour and crystal chemistry of anhydrous phosphates. XXXXIII [1] – Rhenium(VI) Oxidephosphate: Chemical Vapour Transport, Crystal Structure, Spectroscopic Characterisation and Magnetic Behaviour [2]
Authors: Islam Saiful M. , Glaum Robert 
Published: April 2009

AbstractRe2O3(PO4)2 was obtained as microcrystalline, dark‐red powder at 450 °C by reaction of ReO3 with P4O10. Crystallisation was achieved through chemical vapour transport in a temperature gradient 600 → 500 °C using iodine as transport agent. Re2O3(PO4)2 (Pmcn, Z = 4, a = 6.2986(6) Å, b = 7.79654(5) Å, c = 15.2714(12) Å], 86 parameters, 1185 independent reflections, R1 = 0.027, wR2 = 0.066) adopts its own structure type. The crystal structure consists of isolated double‐octahedra [ReVI2O11] and [PO4] tetrahedra. Re2O3(PO4)2 shows a weak temperature dependent magnetic moment (0.05 ≤ μexp/μB ≤ 0.27; 3 K ≤ T ≤ 300 K). Its single‐crystal electronic absorption spectrum exhibits a weak band around =ν = 12000 cm–1, above =ν = 16000 cm–1 the UV/Vis spectrum is completely dark.
Ion Association Trends in Alkaline Earth‐Metal Tetraphenylborates
Authors: Verma Abhilasha , Guino‐o Marites , Gillett‐Kunnath Miriam , Teng Weijie , Ruhlandt‐Senge Karin 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA family of cationic heavy alkaline earth‐metal complexes based on the weakly coordinating tetraphenylborate anion [BPh4]– provides unique insight into ion association trends within this family of compounds. The compounds were prepared by protonolysis of the respective alkaline earth‐metal bis[bis(trimethylsilyl)]amides M[N(SiMe3)2]2(thf)2 (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) with ammonium tetraphenylborates [R3NH][BPh4] (R = Me, Et) in various stoichiometric ratios, resulting in the separated ions [M(donor)n][BPh4]2 (M = Ca, Sr, Ba; n = number of donors). All compounds but [Ba(hmpa)6][BPh4]2 (3c) were characterized using single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, 1H and 13C NMR, IR spectroscopy and melting point.
Aspects of the Coordination Chemistry of 1,1′‐Bis(benzothiazol‐2‐ylthio)ferrocene
Authors: Siemeling Ulrich , Girod Alexander , Rother Dag , Bruhn Clemens 
Published: April 2009

Abstract1,1′‐Bis(benzothiazol‐2‐ylthio)ferrocene (1) acts as a bridging bidentate N,N‐ligand and affords coordination polymers with a range of CuI, AgI, CuII, ZnII and HgII salts. The crystal structures of [Ag(CF3SO3)(μ‐1)]n, [CuCl2(μ‐1)]n, [ZnCl2(μ‐1)]n and [HgBr2(μ‐1)]n have been determined. The silver atom exhibits a weak contact to a cyclopentadienyl π‐system in addition to its trigonal‐planar coordination. The copper atom is in a square‐planar coordination environment, whereas the coordination of zinc and mercury is best described as distorted tetrahedral in the corresponding complexes.
Neuropathological study of skeletal muscle, heart, liver, and brain in a neonatal form of glycogen storage disease type IV associated with a new mutation in GBE1 gene
Authors: Lamperti C. , Salani S. , Lucchiari S. , Bordoni A. , Ripolone M. , Fagiolari G. , Fruguglietti M. E. , Crugnola V. , Colombo C. , Cappellini A. , Prelle A. , Bresolin N. , Comi G. P. , Moggio M. 
Published: April 2009

SummaryGlycogen storage disease type IV (GSD IV, or Andersen disease) is an autosomal recessive disorder due to the deficiency of 1,4‐α‐glucan branching enzyme (or glycogen branching enzyme, GBE1), resulting in an accumulation of amylopectin‐like polysaccharide in muscle, liver, heart and central and peripheral nervous system. Typically, the presentation is in childhood with liver involvement up to cirrhosis. The neuromuscular form varies in onset (congenital, perinatal, juvenile and adult) and in severity. Congenital cases are rare, and fewer than 20 cases have been described and genetically determined so far. This form is characterized by polyhydramnios, neonatal hypotonia, and neuronal involvement; hepatopathy is uncommon, and the babies usually die between 4 weeks and 4 months of age. We report the case of an infant who presented severe hypotonia, dilatative cardiomyopathy, mild hepatopathy, and brain lateral ventricle haemorrhage, features consistent with the congenital form of GSD IV. He died at one month of life of cardiorespiratory failure. Muscle biopsy and heart and liver autoptic specimens showed many vacuoles filled with PAS‐positive diastase‐resistant materials. Electron‐microscopic analysis showed mainly polyglucosan accumulations in all the tissues examined. Postmortem examination showed the presence of vacuolated neurons containing this abnormal polysaccharide. GBE1 biochemical activity was virtually absent in muscle and fibroblasts, and totally lacking in liver and heart as well as glycogen synthase activity. GBE1 gene sequence analysis revealed a novel homozygous nonsense mutation, p.E152X, in exon 4, correlating with the lack of enzyme activity and with the severe neonatal involvement. Our findings contribute to increasing the spectrum of mutation associated with congenital GSD IV.
The role of acoustics in ecosystem-based fishery management
Authors: Koslow J. Anthony 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Koslow, J. A. 2009. The role of acoustics in ecosystem-based fishery management. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 966–973. For more than half a century, acoustics has been a leading tool in fishery stock assessment. Today, the need for ecosystem-based management poses new challenges for fishery scientists: the need to assess the ecological relationships of exploited species with predators and prey and to predict the potential effects of climate variability and climate change on recruitment. No research tool is likely to prove as effective as acoustics in meeting these needs, if it is properly integrated into interdisciplinary research programmes involving ecology and oceanography, as well as fisheries. Integration of data from acoustics and ocean-observation, as well as from satellites and other high-resolution oceanographic mapping tools, is likely to lead to major advances in fishery oceanography. New developments in acoustic technology, such as three-dimensional, multibeam acoustics, and shelf-scale acoustic mapping, may also lead to significant advances. Notwithstanding these developments, critical biases and shortcomings of acoustic methods that were noted 50 years ago remain with us. For example, the identification of insonified biota and single-target discrimination remains relatively primitive. Progress is urgently needed in these basic underpinnings of the acoustic method.
The influence of uncertainty in target strength on abundance indices based on acoustic surveys: examples of the Baltic Sea herring and sprat
Authors: Kasatkina Svetlana M. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Kasatkina, S. M. 2009. The influence of uncertainty in target strength on abundance indices based on acoustic surveys: examples of the Baltic Sea herring and sprat. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 1404–1409. In situ, target-strength (TS) measurements at 38 kHz and an analysis of biometric fish characteristics are presented for the Baltic Sea herring (Clupea harengus membras) and sprat (Sprattus sprattus). It is demonstrated that the application of two TS–length functions for the Baltic Sea clupeids, the first for young herring and sprat and the second for adult herring, is reasonable, and the two functions can therefore replace the well-known equation used since 1983. Parameters of the proposed relationships, accompanied by their statistical characteristics, are included in a model to obtain uncertainty in acoustically derived abundance indices. Major components of survey uncertainty, such as spatial variability, species composition, and size structure, are also included in the simulation. The proposed TS functions should permit estimates of more realistic abundance dynamics of Baltic Sea clupeids, by years and age groups, thereby providing important information for stock assessment models.
Apolipoprotein B‐associated cholesterol is a determinant of treatment outcome in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection receiving anti‐viral agents interferon‐alpha and ribavirin
Authors: SHERIDAN D. A. , PRICE D. A. , SCHMID M. L. , TOMS G. L. , DONALDSON P. , NEELY D. , BASSENDINE M. F. 
Published: April 2009

SummaryBackground  Hepatitis C virus (HCV) co‐opts very‐low‐density lipoprotein (VLDL) pathways for replication, secretion and entry into hepatocytes and associates with apolipoprotein B (apoB) in plasma. Each VLDL contains apoB‐100 and variable amounts of apolipoproteins E and C, cholesterol and triglycerides.Aim  To determine whether baseline lipid levels predicted treatment outcome.Methods  Retrospective analysis was performed of 250 chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients who had received anti‐viral agents interferon‐alpha and ribavirin; 165 had a sustained virological response (SVR). Pre‐ and post‐treatment nonfasting lipid profiles were measured and non‐high‐density lipoprotein (non‐HDL) cholesterol (i.e. apoB‐associated) was calculated. Binary logistic regression analysis assessed factors independently associated with treatment outcome.Results  There was an independent association between higher apoB‐associated cholesterol (non‐HDL‐C) and increased odds of SVR (odds ratio 2.09, P = 0.042). In multivariate analysis, non‐HDL‐C was significantly lower in HCV genotype 3 (g3) than genotype 1 (P = 0.007); this was reversible upon eradication of HCVg3 (pre‐treatment non‐HDL‐C = 2.8 mmol/L, SVR = 3.6 mmol/L, P < 0.001).Conclusions  Higher apoB‐associated cholesterol is positively associated with treatment outcome in CHC patients receiving anti‐viral therapy, possibly due to competition between apoB‐containing lipoproteins and infectious low‐density HCV lipo‐viral particles for hepatocyte entry via shared lipoprotein receptors.
Linkage confirms canine pkd1 orthologue as a candidate for bull terrier polycystic kidney disease
Authors: O’Leary C. A. , Duffy D. , Biros I. , Corley S. 
Published: April 2009

SummaryBull terrier polycystic kidney disease (BTPKD) is a Mendelian disorder with many features reminiscent of human autosomal dominant polycystic disease, the latter disease being due to mutations at PKD1 and PKD2 loci. We investigated the role of the canine pkd1 orthologue in BTPKD via linkage analysis of a large kindred in which the disorder is segregating. Twelve microsatellite markers around the canine pkd1 locus (CFA6) were amplified from the genomic DNA of 20 affected and 16 unaffected bull terriers. An additional 28 affected dogs were genotyped at five key microsatellites. A highly significant multi‐point LOD score that peaked over the canine pkd1 locus was observed (LOD = 6.59, best two‐point LOD score LOD = 6.02), implicating this as the BTPKD locus.
Influence of total serum IgE levels on the in vitro detection of β‐lactams‐specific IgE antibodies
Authors: Vultaggio A. , Matucci A. , Virgili G. , Rossi O. , Filì L. , Parronchi P. , Romagnani S. , Maggi E. 
Published: April 2009

SummaryBackground
Allergic reactions to β‐lactams are a frequent cause of adverse drug reactions; the diagnosis is based on history, clinical examination, skin testing (prick and intradermal) and demonstration of serum‐specific IgE antibodies (Abs).Objective
We compared the diagnostic performance of the Phadia CAP system for the detection of IgE to β‐lactams carried out using the new test with cut‐off limits of 0.10 kUA/L and the old test with cut‐off limits of 0.35 kUA/L for positive results; subsequently, we analysed the effect of total serum IgE values and of atopic phenotype on the diagnostic performance of the tests.Methods
The study comprised a total of 34 patients with a history of immediate adverse reactions to β‐lactams, which were confirmed by positive skin testing, and 115 control subjects with tolerance to β‐lactams over the last year. The Phadia CAP System was used for the determination of serum total and specific IgE Abs towards penicilloyl G (c1), penicilloyl V (c2), ampicilloyl (c5) and amoxicilloyl (c6). The overall diagnostic performance was assessed as a diagnostic odds ratio (DOR).Results
The new test showed a higher sensitivity (85% vs. 44%) than the old test and a lower specificity (54% vs. 80%) but the overall diagnostic performance was poor (DOR 6.78 vs. 3.16, P=0.333) in both tests. The total IgE value influences the DOR of both tests; DOR was better for values under 200 kU/L [DOR=66; 95% confidence interval (CI): 11.3–384.1] or 500 kU/L (DOR=45.7; 95% CI: 5.3–394.4) for the new and old tests, respectively.Conclusions
The reduction in the positive cut off value has not significantly improved the overall diagnostic performance of the β‐lactams‐specific IgE assay. Because of the influence of serum total IgE on the detection of β‐lactam‐specific IgE Abs, the combination of both tests is mandatory in the in vitro diagnostic approach of β‐lactam allergy.
T regulatory cells and their counterparts: masters of immune regulation
Authors: Ozdemir C. , Akdis M. , Akdis C. A. 
Published: April 2009

SummaryThe interaction of environmental and genetic factors with the immune system can lead to the development of allergic diseases. The essential step in this progress is the generation of allergen‐specific CD4+ T‐helper (Th) type 2 cells that mediate several effector functions. The influence of Th2 cytokines leads to the production of allergen‐specific IgE antibodies by B cells, development and recruitment of eosinophils, mucus production and bronchial hyperreactivity, as well as tissue homing of other Th2 cells and eosinophils. Meanwhile, Th1 cells may contribute to chronicity and the effector phases. T cells termed T regulatory (Treg) cells, which have immunosuppressive functions and cytokine profiles distinct from that of either Th1 or Th2 cells, have been intensely investigated during the last 13 years. Treg cell response is characterized by an abolished allergen‐specific T cell proliferation and the suppressed secretion of Th1 and Th2‐type cytokines. Treg cells are able to inhibit the development of allergen‐specific Th2 and Th1 cell responses and therefore play an important role in a healthy immune response to allergens. In addition, Treg cells potently suppress IgE production and directly or indirectly suppress the activity of effector cells of allergic inflammation, such as eosinophils, basophils and mast cells. Currently, Treg cells represent an exciting area of research, where understanding the mechanisms of peripheral tolerance to allergens may soon lead to more rational and safer approaches for the prevention and cure of allergic diseases.
Fluvastatin/fenofibrate vs. simvastatin/ezetimibe in patients with metabolic syndrome: different effects on LDL‐profiles
Authors: Winkler K. , Schewe T. , Pütz G. , Ödünc N. , Schäfer G. , Siegel E. , Geisen U. , Abletshauser C. , Hoffmann M. M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackground  Patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) show increased risk for coronary artery disease. Lipoprotein metabolism is characterized by elevated triglycerides (TG), low high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) and predominance of atherogenic small, dense low‐density lipoprotein (sdLDL), while low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is only slightly elevated.Methods  Multicentre, randomized, open‐label cross‐over study investigating the effect of combination of fluvastatin/fenofibrate (80/200 mg) (F&F) on LDL‐subfractions compared with combination of simvastatin/ezetimibe (20/10 mg) (S&E) in patients with MS/T2DM.Results  Seventy‐five patients were randomized, 69 completed the study and LDL‐subfractions of 56 patients were analysed. Thirty‐eight out of 56 patients (68%) showed a profile dominated by sdLDL. In these, TG and total cholesterol (TC) were elevated compared with non‐sdLDL patients. In all patients, reduction of TC and LDL cholesterol (LDL‐C) by S&E was stronger than by F&F. The increase of HDL‐C was stronger with S&E in the non‐sdLDL group, whereas in the sdLDL group, there was no difference between treatments. In non‐sdLDL patients, there was no effect on TG or LDL‐radius. However, in the sdLDL group, F&F was more effective in reducing TG and increased LDL radius, whereas S&E reduced LDL radius even further.Conclusions  S&E is more efficient in reducing TC and LDL‐C. This is also true for HDL‐C increase in non‐sdLDL patients. However, in patients with sdLDL, F&F was more efficient in reducing TG and increasing LDL radius.
Spatio‐temporal patterns of fish assemblages in a large regulated alluvial river
Authors: RIFFLART RENAUD , CARREL GEORGES , LE COARER YANN , FONTEZ BENEDICTE NGUYEN THE 
Published: April 2009

Summary1. The River Durance, the last alpine tributary of the River Rhône, is a large, braided alluvial hydrosystem. Following large‐scale regulation, flow downstream of the Serre‐Ponçon dam has been maintained at 1/40th of previous annual mean discharge. To assess the effects of historical disturbances, fish assemblages and habitat use were analysed during five summers in a representative reach of the middle Durance.2. Habitat availability and use were assessed with a multi‐scale approach including the variables water depth, current velocity, roughness height of substratum, amount of woody debris and lateral/longitudinal location. Eighteen fish species were sampled by electrofishing in 289 habitat sample units.3. Partial least square (PLS) regression showed that taxa were mainly distributed according to relationships between their total length and water depth/velocity variables. Fish assemblage composition was also related to roughness height as well as distance from the bank or to the nearest large woody debris. However, PLS regression revealed no significant differences in habitat selection between two periods of varying hydromorphological stability.4. Fish distribution patterns and density were related to proximity to the bank and cover, indicating that local scale variables need to be considered in conservation and restoration programmes.