bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unsettled infant behaviour and health service use: A cross‐sectional community survey in Melbourne, Australia
Authors: McCallum Sonia M , Rowe Heather J , Gurrin Lyle , Quinlivan Julie A , Rosenthal Doreen A , Fisher Jane RW 
Published: June 2011

Aims:  To investigate factors associated with health service use by women and their infants in Victoria, Australia.Methods:  Cross‐sectional screening survey of 875 women with 4‐month‐old infants attending immunisation clinics in five local government areas in Melbourne between May 2007 and August 2008. The self‐report instrument assessed socio‐demographic characteristics, unsettled infant behaviour, maternal mood (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale) and, the outcome, health service use during the first 4 months post‐partum.Results:  Mothers and their infants used on average 2.8 different health services in the first 4 months post‐partum (range 0–8). After adjustment for other factors, high health service use (defined as >3 different services) was more common in mothers whose infants were unsettled with persistent crying, resistance to soothing and poor sleep. A one‐point increase on the unsettled infant behaviour measure was associated with an 8% (2–14%) increase in the use of >3 services, 9% (3–16%) in use of emergency departments, 7% (2–13%) in use of telephone helplines and 9% (3–14%) of parenting services. Poorer maternal mental health was also implicated with a one‐point increase on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale associated with a 4% (0.4–8%) increase in the likelihood of using more than three services.Conclusions:  Unsettled infant behaviour is associated with increased use of multiple health services. The high use of emergency departments by families with unsettled infants found in this study suggests that enhancement of primary health‐care capacity might be required.
Phenotype‐directed treatment of pre‐school‐aged children with recurrent wheeze
Authors: Schultz André , Brand Paul LP 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWheeze in childhood may comprise different underlying diseases. Disease‐specific treatment could potentially improve treatment efficacy. Various attempts have been made to differentiate between pre‐school wheeze phenotypes. In this review, the results of clinical trials evaluating treatment of pre‐school wheeze are discussed, with specific emphasis on the characteristics and phenotype of the study populations. Evidence suggests that systemic corticosteroids are not beneficial for the treatment of mild‐to‐moderate exacerbations of pre‐school wheeze, irrespective of phenotype. The use of high‐dose intermittent inhaled corticosteroid treatment cannot be recommended because of unacceptable side effects. Treatment with regular inhaled corticosteroids and leukotriene antagonists offer modest benefit, but neither treatment reduces hospitalisation rates. There is currently some evidence for a phenotype‐specific effect of treatment. Phenotype‐directed treatment of pre‐school wheeze is currently limited by our ability to accurately differentiate between clinically useful phenotypes.
Role of food allergy in childhood atopic dermatitis
Authors: Campbell Dianne E 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe interplay between atopic dermatitis (AD) and food allergy is complex and subject to significant misconceptions both by the general public and the medical community. Childhood AD is a very prevalent disorder. In its moderate and severe forms, AD is a challenging disorder to manage from the perspective of the child, parent and treating doctor. As AD is one of the disease manifestations of atopy, it is unsurprising that many children with AD also have a coexisting IgE‐mediated food allergy. It is a common misconception that food allergy is causal in the setting of AD. However, in a proportion of sufferers, food allergy does play a role in triggering or exacerbating pre‐existing AD by immune‐mediated mechanisms and potentially by non‐immune mechanisms. It is, therefore, important to differentiate causality, co‐existent disease and disease modifiers in this context. This paper seeks to clarify the role of food allergy in childhood AD, and to outline a rational framework for the diagnosis and approach to food allergy in the context of the management of a child with problematic AD.
Medical management of paediatric burn injuries: Best practice
Authors: Kim Leo KP , Martin Hugh CO , Holland Andrew JA 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBurns commonly occur in children and their first aid remains inadequate despite burn prevention programmes. While scald injuries predominate, contact and flame burns remain common. Although typically less severe injuries overall than those in adults, hypertrophic scarring complicating both the burn wound and even donor sites occur more frequently in children. The heterogeneous nature of burn wounds, coupled with the difficulties associated with the early clinical assessment of burn depth, has stimulated the application of novel technologies to predict burn wound outcome. This review explores current best practice in the management of paediatric burns, with a focus on prevention, optimal first aid, resuscitation, burn wound prediction and wound management strategies.
Do humor styles matter in the relationship between personality and subjective well‐being?
Authors: JOVANOVIC VELJKO 
Published: June 2011

Jovanovic, V. (2011). Do humor styles matter in the relationship between personality and subjective well‐being? Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 52, 502–507.The primary goal of this research was to examine the role of humor styles in the relationships between personality (extraversion and neuroticism) and two components of subjective well‐being: life satisfaction and affective well‐being. The sample consisted of 225 young adults, with mean age 23.61 years. Results indicated that the relationship between both extraversion and neuroticism and satisfaction with life could be partially explained by the mediating role of self‐enhancing humor. Additionally, affiliative humor proved to be a partial mediator of the relationship between neuroticism and affective well‐being. The findings of this research suggested that adaptive humor styles might be one of the mechanisms linking personality and subjective well‐being.
Dialectical behaviour therapy with adolescents
Authors: Groves Sameena , Backer Hilmar S. , van den Bosch Wies , Miller Alec 
Published: June 2011

Background:  Dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) is the first empirically validated treatment for chronically suicidal patients diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Numerous randomised clinical trials conducted with adults with BPD have demonstrated that DBT is effective in reducing suicidal and non‐suicidal self‐injurious (NSSI) behaviours. Other research on the use of DBT for adults has shown that the treatment is effective in reducing a variety of problem behaviours in a range of therapeutic settings. In the last decade, a number of studies have evaluated DBT as a promising treatment for adolescents with different psychological disorders and behaviours, including borderline personality disorder (BPD), eating disorders, externalising disorders, and suicidal and NSSI behaviours. This article reviews the literature on the use of DBT with adolescents.Results:  Overall findings indicate some empirical support for the conclusion that DBT is a promising treatment for adolescents with BPD symptomatology, suicidal ideation and comorbid depression, bipolar disorder, disordered eating behaviours and aggressive and impulsive behaviours. Adolescents in these studies were also hospitalised less frequently when treated with DBT. Moreover, studies conducted with these populations suggest that DBT may be adapted for use in outpatient, inpatient, community, and residential treatment settings.Conclusions:  The authors conclude that DBT may be effective in treating adolescents with additional disorders and dysfunctional behaviours not yet examined. Data from soon to be completed randomised controlled trials need to be published.
Synergistic Effect of Alcohol Consumption and Body Mass on Serum Concentrations of Cytokeratin‐18
Authors: Gonzalez‐Quintela Arturo , Tomé Santiago , Fernandez‐Merino Carmen , Rey Jesus , Meijide Luis , Gude Francisco 
Published: June 2011

Background:  Cytokeratin‐18 is an essential component of the cytoskeleton of epithelial cells (including hepatocytes). Serum concentrations of cytokeratin‐18 (tissue polypeptide‐specific antigen [TPS]) are used as a marker of epithelial neoplasms. Here, we investigated the potential interaction between alcohol and obesity in relation to serum TPS concentrations.Methods:  Alcohol consumption, body mass index, and components of metabolic syndrome were measured in a random sample (n = 420) of the adult population (aged 18 to 92 years, 45% men) from a single municipality. Regular alcohol intake of >20 g/d (women) or >30 g/d (men) was considered risky drinking. Serum TPS was measured with a commercial immunoassay.Results:  Risky drinking was associated with increased serum concentrations of TPS, which was particularly evident among obese individuals. Among individuals without risky drinking, TPS concentrations were similar for all levels of body mass. Conversely, among risky drinkers, serum TPS concentrations increased in parallel with body mass (p = 0.002). The odds ratio of a high (>100 U/l) TPS concentration for the combination of risky drinking and obesity was greater than the additive effect of the 2 separate factors, after adjusting for age and sex. A similar interaction was observed between risky drinking and abdominal adiposity, a major component of the metabolic syndrome. Serum TPS concentrations were correlated with markers of liver damage. Serum TPS was not superior to standard markers (gamma‐glutamyl transferase and red blood cell mean volume) for the detection of risky drinking.Conclusions:  There is a synergism between risky alcohol consumption and common metabolic disorders (particularly obesity) in relation to serum concentrations of cytokeratin‐18 (TPS), which probably reflect liver disease.
Hepatitis B virus nucleic acid testing in Chinese blood donors with normal and elevated alanine aminotransferase
Authors: Ren Fu‐Rong , Wang Jing‐Xing , Huang Yi , Yao Fu‐Zhu , Lv Yun‐Lai , Li Ju‐Lin , Wen Guo‐Xin , Wen Xiu‐Qiong , Liu Jiang , Dong Xiang‐Dong , Ma Hong‐Li , Zhou Zhong‐Min , Bi Xin‐Hong , Tu Lin , King Melissa , Nelson Kenrad , Ness Paul , Shan Hua 
Published: June 2011

BACKGROUND: Nucleic acid testing (NAT) is currently not a routine donor test in China. The aim of this study was to evaluate the current residual risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission and the value of ALT testing in preventing HBV infection.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: From January 2008 to September 2009, a total of 5521 qualified donations by routine screening and 5034 deferred donations due to elevated ALT alone were collected from five blood centers. Samples were tested for HBV DNA by triplex individual‐donation (ID)‐NAT (ULTRIO assay, on the TIGRIS system, Novartis Diagnostics). HBV NAT–reactive samples were further analyzed by HBV serology, alternative NAT, and viral load and were diluted to simulate if they could be detected in a minipool‐NAT.RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the HBV NAT–yield rate between the qualified donations group (5/5521) and the deferred donations group (4/5034). Of these nine potential HBV‐yield cases, one donor (11%) was a possible HBV window‐period donor, one (11%) was a chronic HBV carrier, and seven (78%) had probable or confirmed occult HBV infections. Of seven potential HBV‐yield cases quantified, the viral loads were less than or equal to 70.0 IU/mL. Minipool testing (minipools of 4, 8, and 16 donations) would miss 43% to 79% of the nine HBV‐yield donations.CONCLUSIONS: Based on our findings in qualified donations, we estimate that the nationwide implementation of ID‐NAT testing for HBV DNA in China would detect an additional 9964 viremic donations per year. ALT testing seems to have no significant value in preventing transfusion‐transmitted HBV infection. ID‐NAT versus simulated minipool‐NAT using the ULTRIO test demonstrates the benefit to implement a more sensitive NAT strategy in regions of high HBV endemicity.
Adverse reactions and other factors that impact subsequent blood donation visits
Authors: Custer Brian , Rios Jorge A. , Schlumpf Karen , Kakaiya Ram M. , Gottschall Jerome L. , Wright David J. ,   for the NHLBI Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study‐II (REDS‐II)
Published: June 2011

BACKGROUND: The importance of adverse reactions in terms of donor safety recently has received significant attention, but their role in subsequent donation behavior has not been thoroughly investigated.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Six REDS‐II blood centers provided data for this analysis. Summary minor and major adverse reaction categories were created. The influence of adverse reactions on donation was examined in two ways: Kaplan‐Meier curves were generated to determine the cumulative pattern of first return, and adjusted odds ratios (AORs) for demographic and other factors positively and negatively associated with return were estimated using multivariable logistic regression.RESULTS: Donors who had major reactions had longer times to return than donors with minor or no reactions. The AOR of returning for donors with major reactions was 0.32 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.28‐0.37) and with minor reactions 0.59 (95% CI, 0.56‐0.62) when compared to donors who did not have reactions. Conversely, the most important factors positively associated with return were the number of donations in the previous year and increasing age. Subsequent return, whether a major, minor, or no reaction occurred, varied by blood center. Factors that are associated with the risk of having adverse reactions were not substantial influences on the return after adverse reactions.CONCLUSION: Having an adverse reaction leads to significantly lower odds of subsequent donation irrespective of previous donation history. Factors that have been associated with a greater risk of adverse reactions were not important positive or negative predictors of return after a reaction.
Hemolysis and red blood cell mechanical fragility in shed blood after total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Ley John T. , Yazer Mark H. , Waters Jonathan H. 
Published: June 2011

BACKGROUND: There are several options for the salvage of postoperative shed red blood cells (RBCs). This study compared the characteristics of the returned RBCs collected using two different devices: one that washes and one that does not wash the collected RBCs.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Forty patients undergoing first‐time total knee arthroplasty consented to participate. Twenty patients were operated on by a surgeon who routinely uses a device that does not wash the shed RBCs (unwashed group), the other 20 patients were operated on by surgeons who routinely use a device that washes and concentrates the collected RBCs (washed group). A small quantity of postprocessing RBCs were collected immediately before reinfusion and the amount of plasma‐free hemoglobin (PFHb), and the mechanical fragility index (MFI) of the returned RBCs were determined.RESULTS: The patients in both groups were well matched for age, sex, and length of stay. The mean percent hemolysis of the returned RBCs was not different between the unwashed and washed groups (1.22 ± 0.30 vs. 1.24 ± 0.42, p = 0.895), while the mean total amount of returned PFHb was not different (0.51 ± 0.12 g vs. 0.55 ± 0.35 g, p < 0.615). The ratio of total PFHb:total returned Hb was significantly lower for the washed group (0.0087 ± 0.0023 vs. 0.0035 ± 0.0011, p < 0.0001). The MFI was higher in the washed group (1.71 ± 0.55 vs. 0.53 ± 0.42, p < 0.001).CONCLUSIONS: The washing device returned more Hb to the patients relative to the amount of free Hb.
Determinants of Corporate Diversification: Evidence From the Property–Liability Insurance Industry
Authors: Berry‐Stölzle Thomas R. , Liebenberg Andre P. , Ruhland Joseph S. , Sommer David W. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis article analyzes variations in line‐of‐business diversification status and extent among property–liability insurers. Our results show that the extent of diversification is not driven by risk pooling considerations; insurers operating in more volatile business lines do not diversify more. Diversification can rather be explained by the benefits of internal capital markets and barriers to business growth like market size and concentration. In our analysis, we distinguish between related and unrelated diversification. Using a measure of unrelated line‐of‐business diversification we find the first support for the diversification prediction of the managerial discretion hypothesis that mutual insurers should be less diversified than stock insurers. While mutual insurers tend to exhibit higher levels of total diversification, they engage in significantly less unrelated diversification than do stock insurers.
Vertebral Artery Anomaly Causing C2 Suboccipital Neuralgia, Relieved by Neurovascular Decompression
Authors: Trimble Christopher , Reeves Alexa , Pare Laura , Tsai Fong 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTWe report imaging and surgical findings of a symptomatic 40‐year‐old male with an anomalous left vertebral artery. MR, CT myelography, angiography, and intraoperative photos demonstrate the vertebral artery entering the thecal sac at the C1‐C2 intervertebral foramen and compressing the dorsal C2 nerve rootlets against the cord. Open microvascular decompression alleviated the patient's long‐standing suboccipital and posterior cervical neck pain. An embryologic review of the vertebral and lateral spinal artery systems reveals possible developmental explanations for this variant. Intradural course of the vertebral artery at C2 is one of the few symptomatic developmental vertebral artery anomalies. Recognition of this condition is important because surgical intervention can alleviate associated neck pain.
Beyond maternal mortality: obstetric hemorrhage in a Malawian district
Authors: BELTMAN JOGCHUM , VAN DEN AKKER THOMAS , VAN LONKHUIJZEN LUC , SCHMIDT ANIEK , CHIDAKWANI RICHARD , VAN ROOSMALEN JOS 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjective. To identify substandard care factors in the management of obstetric hemorrhage at district hospital level in rural Malawi. Design. Retrospective hospital‐based cohort study. Setting. Thyolo District Hospital. Population. Women who delivered at this facility in 2005. Methods. All cases of obstetric hemorrhage were included according to the following criteria: any antepartum hemorrhage, postpartum hemorrhage with more than 500ml of blood loss within 24hours after delivery, uterine rupture, retained placenta and peripartum blood transfusion. Main Outcome Measures. Incidence of antepartum and postpartum hemorrhage, related maternal and perinatal mortality and mode of delivery. Results. A total of 133 hemorrhage cases occurred among 3 085 hospital deliveries (43.1 per 1 000 deliveries), six of which resulted in maternal death (case fatality rate 4.5%). Twenty of 95 postpartum hemorrhage cases (21%) were peri‐cesarean hemorrhages. Sixteen cesareans delivered lifeless fetuses, where a maternal indication for operative delivery was present in only four. Monitoring of pregnant women was regularly insufficient, including monitoring of women in waiting homes, and the use of uterotonics was often inconsistent. Conclusions. Morbidity review revealed important substandard care factors, including unnecessary cesarean sections. These factors may be modified against affordable cost, which could make an important improvement in maternal outcome.
Monobenzone‐induced depigmentation: from enzymatic blockade to autoimmunity
Authors: van den Boorn Jasper G. , Melief Cornelis J. , Luiten Rosalie M. 
Published: June 2011

SummaryAutoimmune side‐effects such as vitiligo regularly occur during melanoma immunotherapy. As vitiligo development is associated with a superior prognosis, the active induction of vitiligo in melanoma patients can be a useful tactic. The potent skin‐depigmenting agent monobenzone can be used successfully for this purpose. However, until recently, the mechanism of action behind monobenzone‐induced skin depigmentation was unclear. Lately, the mechanistic basis for the augmented immunogenicity of monobenzone‐exposed pigmented cells has been unveiled, and their active role in the induction of autoimmune T‐cell‐mediated vitiligo has become apparent. Here, we provide an immunological framework in which we condense this knowledge to an integrated theory of the generation of monobenzone‐induced vitiligo.
Activator protein‐2α functions as a master regulator of multiple transcription factors in the mouse liver
Authors: Li Qingjie , Luo Cunhui , Löhr Christiane V. , Dashwood Roderick H. 
Published: June 2011

Aim:  Activator protein 2α (AP‐2α) belongs to the AP‐2 family of transcription factors that are involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and carcinogenesis and has been suggested to function as a tumor suppressor in many cancers. However, the physiological role of AP‐2α in hepatocytes is unknown. The present study is to characterize the expression and function of AP‐2α in the liver of conscience mouse.Methods:  Exogenous AP‐2α was overexpressed in the mouse liver by in vivo gene delivery and changes in transcription factor expression were identified by using protein‐DNA arrays and immunoblotting.Results:  Western blotting and protein/DNA arrays showed that AP‐2α is expressed in the nuclei of mouse hepatocytes. Overexpression of AP‐2αin vivo significantly suppressed transcription factors AP‐1, CREB and c‐Myc, and markedly increased CBF, c‐Myb, NF‐1, Pax‐5, RXR, Smad3/4, TR(DR‐4), USF‐1 and GATA. Among all GATA proteins, only GATA‐4 level was dramatically elevated and there was a concomitant loss of phospho‐GATA‐4. Corresponding changes were detected in upstream kinases Akt, GSK‐3β and PKA, which regulates the phosphorylation status and stability of GATA‐4 protein.Conclusions:  AP‐2α is expressed in mouse hepatocytes and it acts as a master regulator of numerous transcription factors in the liver.
Close correlation of liver stiffness with collagen deposition and presence of myofibroblasts in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Mori Mami , Fujii Hideki , Ogawa Tomohiro , Kobayashi Sawako , Iwai Shuji , Morikawa Hiroyasu , Enomoto Masaru , Tamori Akihiro , Sawada Ayumi , Takeda Setsuko , Kawada Norifumi 
Published: June 2011

Aim:  Transient elastography is known as a rapid, objective, and highly reliable technique for staging hepatic fibrosis caused by hepatitis C virus infection; however, the relationship between degree of fibrosis and the collagen deposition or the accumulation of myofibroblasts in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains to be further elucidated.Methods:  The subjects were 36 patients with NAFLD who received liver biopsy and liver stiffness measurement using transient elastography. Their clinical data and laboratory values were collected. Morphometric analyses of liver fibrosis indicated by collagen deposition and the relative numbers of myofibroblasts were performed.Results:  Liver stiffness measured by transient elastography correlated with histopathological fibrosis staging of NAFLD determined by Brunt's scoring system (P = 0.000149). The fibrosis staging correlated with the ratios of the Sirius red‐positive area (P = 0.000032) and α‐smooth muscle actin‐positive area (P = 0.000898). Finally, liver stiffness significantly correlated with the ratios of the Sirius red‐positive area (r = 0.390, P = 0.0184) and α‐smooth muscle actin‐positive area (r = 0.333, P = 0.0471).Conclusions:  Liver stiffness measurement by transient elastography is valuable for evaluating fibrotic progression in NAFLD.