bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dopaminergic transplantation for parkinson's disease: Current status and future prospects
Authors: Olanow C. Warren , Kordower Jeffrey H. , Lang Anthony E. , Obeso Jose A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractCell‐based therapies that involve transplantation into the striatum of dopaminergic cells have attracted considerable interest as possible treatments for Parkinson's disease (PD). However, all double‐blind, sham‐controlled, studies have failed to meet their primary endpoints, and transplantation of dopamine cells derived from the fetal mesencephalon is associated with a potentially disabling form of dyskinesia that persists even after withdrawal of levodopa (off‐medication dyskinesia). In addition, disability in advanced patients primarily results from features such as gait dysfunction, freezing, falling, and dementia, which are likely due to nondopaminergic pathology. These features are not adequately controlled with dopaminergic therapies and are thus unlikely to respond to dopaminergic grafts. More recently, implanted dopamine neurons have been found to contain Lewy bodies, suggesting that they are dysfunctional and may have been affected by the PD pathological process. Collectively, these findings do not bode well for the short‐term future of cell‐based dopaminergic therapies in PD. Ann Neurol 2009;66:591–596
Androgenic suppression of spreading depression in familial hemiplegic migraine type 1 mutant mice
Authors: Eikermann‐Haerter Katharina , Baum Michael J. , Ferrari Michel D. , van den Maagdenberg Arn M.J.M. , Moskowitz Michael A. , Ayata Cenk 
Published: June 2009

AbstractFamilial hemiplegic migraine type 1 (FHM1), a severe migraine with aura variant, is caused by mutations in the CACNA1A gene. Mutant mice carrying the FHM1 R192Q mutation exhibit increased propensity for cortical spreading depression (CSD), a propagating wave of neuroglial depolarization implicated in migraine aura. The CSD phenotype is stronger in female R192Q mutants and diminishes after ovariectomy. Here, we show that orchiectomy reciprocally increases CSD susceptibility in R192Q mutant mice. Chronic testosterone replacement restores CSD susceptibility by an androgen receptor‐dependent mechanism. Hence, androgens modulate genetically‐enhanced CSD susceptibility and may provide a novel prophylactic target for migraine. Ann Neurol 2009;66:564–568
Single‐cell expression profiling of dopaminergic neurons combined with association analysis identifies pyridoxal kinase as Parkinson's disease gene
Authors: Elstner Matthias , Morris Christopher M. , Heim Katharina , Lichtner Peter , Bender Andreas , Mehta Divya , Schulte Claudia , Sharma Manu , Hudson Gavin , Goldwurm Stefano , Giovanetti Alessandro , Zeviani Massimo , Burn David J. , McKeith Ian G. , Perry Robert H. , Jaros E. , Krüger Rejko , Wichmann H.‐Erich , Schreiber Stefan , Campbell Harry , Wilson James F. , Wright Alan F. , Dunlop Malcolm , Pistis Giorgio , Toniolo Daniela , Chinnery Patrick F. , Gasser Thomas , Klopstock Thomas , Meitinger Thomas , Prokisch Holger , Turnbull Douglass M. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjectiveThe etiology of Parkinson disease (PD) is complex and multifactorial, with hereditary and environmental factors contributing. Monogenic forms have provided molecular clues to disease mechanisms but genetic modifiers of idiopathic PD are still to be determined.MethodsWe carried out whole‐genome expression profiling of isolated human substantia nigra (SN) neurons from patients with PD vs. controls followed by association analysis of tagging single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in differentially regulated genes. Association was investigated in a German PD sample and confirmed in Italian and British cohorts.ResultsWe identified four differentially expressed genes located in PD candidate pathways, ie, MTND2 (mitochondrial, p = 7.14 × 10−7), PDXK (vitamin B6/dopamine metabolism, p = 3.27 × 10−6), SRGAP3 (axon guidance, p = 5.65 × 10−6), and TRAPPC4 (vesicle transport, p = 5.81 × 10−6). We identified a DNA variant (rs2010795) in PDXK associated with an increased risk of PD in the German cohort (p = 0.00032). This association was confirmed in the British (p = 0.028) and Italian (p = 0.0025) cohorts individually and reached a combined value of p = 1.2 × 10−7 (odds ratio [OR], 1.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18–1.44).InterpretationWe provide an example of how microgenomic genome‐wide expression studies in combination with association analysis can aid to identify genetic modifiers in neurodegenerative disorders. The detection of a genetic variant in PDXK, together with evidence accumulating from clinical studies, emphasize the impact of vitamin B6 status and metabolism on disease risk and therapy in PD. Ann Neurol 2009;66:792–798
Fast Alkene Functionalization In Vivo by Photoclick Chemistry: HOMO Lifting of Nitrile Imine Dipoles
Authors: Wang Yizhong , Song Wenjiao , Hu Wen J. , Lin Qing 
Published: June 2009

AbstractÄußerst schnell fluoreszenzmarkiert (<1 min) wurde ein rekombinantes Protein mit Alkenfunktion in Escherichia‐coli‐Zellen durch das Tetrazol 1. Der elektronenschiebende Methoxysubstituent hebt die Energie des höchsten besetzten Molekülorbitals des von 1 abgeleiteten Nitrilimin‐Intermediats an. Diese Strategie beschleunigt die Funktionalisierung von Alkenen in lebenden Systemen durch 1,3‐dipolare Cycloaddition erheblich.magnified image
3 D Characterization of Gold Nanoparticles Supported on Heavy Metal Oxide Catalysts by HAADF‐STEM Electron Tomography
Authors: González J. C. , Hernández J. C. , López‐Haro M. , del Río E. , Delgado J. J. , Hungría A. B. , Trasobares S. , Bernal S. , Midgley P. A. , Calvino José Juan 
Published: June 2009

AbstractLieblingsplätze: Nach 3D‐Rekonstruktionen aus elektronentomographischen Daten, die an Au/Ce0.50Tb0.12Zr0.38O2−x‐Katalysatoren erhalten wurden, befinden sich Goldnanopartikel (gelb im Bild) vor allem an Stufen und Nanokristallgrenzen. Eine Epitaxiebeziehung zwischen Metall und Träger spielt für die strukturelle Stabilisierung der Goldnanopartikel eine entscheidende Rolle.magnified image
A Highly Connected Porous Coordination Polymer with Unusual Channel Structure and Sorption Properties
Authors: Zhang Yue‐Biao , Zhang Wei‐Xiong , Feng Fei‐Yue , Zhang Jie‐Peng , Chen Xiao‐Ming 
Published: June 2009

AbstractStark vernetzt: Ein dreikerniger Nickelcluster, der eine zentrale Hydroxygruppe enthält, dient als Baustein für ein hoch vernetztes, hoch symmetrisches Gerüst mit uninodaler neunfach verknüpfender Topologie. Die von den Clustern abgeleiteten Triakistetraeder bilden ein überkreuzendes, biporöses Kanalsystem (siehe Bild).magnified image
Fast Alkene Functionalization In Vivo by Photoclick Chemistry: HOMO Lifting of Nitrile Imine Dipoles
Authors: Wang Yizhong , Song Wenjiao , Hu Wen J. , Lin Qing 
Published: June 2009

AbstractExtremely fast fluorescence labeling (<1 min) of a recombinant alkene‐encoded protein in living Escherichia coli cells was observed with tetrazole 1. The electron‐donating methoxy substituent raises the energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital of the nitrile–imine intermediate derived from 1. This strategy greatly accelerates the functionalization of alkenes by 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition in living systems.magnified image
3 D Characterization of Gold Nanoparticles Supported on Heavy Metal Oxide Catalysts by HAADF‐STEM Electron Tomography
Authors: González J. C. , Hernández J. C. , López‐Haro M. , del Río E. , Delgado J. J. , Hungría A. B. , Trasobares S. , Bernal S. , Midgley P. A. , Calvino José Juan 
Published: June 2009

AbstractLiving on the edge: Three‐dimensional reconstructions from electron tomography data recorded from Au/Ce0.50Tb0.12Zr0.38O2−x catalysts show that gold nanoparticles (see picture; yellow) are preferentially located on stepped facets and nanocrystal boundaries. An epitaxial relationship between the metal and support plays a key role in the structural stabilization of the gold nanoparticles.magnified image
Application of carbon arc‐generated Mo‐ and W‐based catalyst systems to the ROMP of norbornene
Authors: Düz Bülent , Elbistan Can Koray , Ece Abdulilah , Sevin Fatma 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis study focuses on the application of the carbon arc‐generated molybdenum‐ and tungsten‐based catalyst systems, MoCl5C and WCl6C, to effect ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of bicyclo[2.2.1]hept‐2‐ene (norbornene). The results are compared with those previously obtained by the electrochemically generated MoCl5ēAlCH2Cl2 and WCl6ēAlCH2Cl2 systems. The polymer products are characterized using 1H and 13C NMR, gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry and thermo gravimetric analysis. According to NMR spectra analyses, the molybdenum‐based catalyst system produced polynorbornene with ca 48% cis structure whereas tungsten system produced ca 56% cis structure polynorbornene and in both cases the polynorbornene had a blocky distribution. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polyimides derived from 1,4‐bis [3‐oxy‐(N‐aminophthalimide)] benzene
Authors: Li Taihang , Yan Jingling , Yang Huili , Li Dongfeng , Wang Zhen , Ding Mengxian 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA novel diamine, 1,4‐bis [3‐oxy‐(N‐aminophthalimide)] benzene (BOAPIB), was synthesized from 1,4‐bis [3‐oxy‐(N‐phenylphthalimide)] benzene and hydrazine. Its structure was determined via IR, 1H NMR, and elemental analysis. A series of five‐member ring, hydrazine‐based polyimides were prepared from this diamine and various aromatic dianhydrides via one‐step polycondensation in p‐chlorophenol. The inherent viscosities of these polyimides were in the range of 0.17–0.61 dL/g. These polymers were soluble in polar aprotic solvents and phenols at room temperature. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the 5% weight‐loss temperatures of the polyimides were near 450°C in air and 500°C in nitrogen. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) indicated that the glass‐transition temperatures (Tgs) of these polymers were in the range of 265–360°C. The wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction showed that all the polyimides were amorphous. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Preparation of P(AN‐MMA)/SiO2 hybrid solid electrolytes
Authors: Wang Hualin , Liu Xiaotao , Yu Shaoming , Shi Tiejun , Jiang Shaotong 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBased on sol–gel methodology, poly(acrylonitrile‐methyl methacrylate) [P(AN‐MMA)[/SiO2 hybrid solid electrolytes were prepared from AN, MMA, and tetraethyl orthosilicate with 3‐methacryloxypropyl‐trimethoxysilane (KH570) as silane coupling agent. From Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra, P(AN‐MMA) and silica units are linked by covalent bonds in P(AN‐MMA)/SiO2 hybrid network. Differential scanning calorimetry result shows the glass transition temperature (Tg) of P(AN‐MMA)/SiO2 hybrid material is higher than that of P(AN‐MMA) and increases with the increase of silica content. From X‐ray diffraction analysis, this hybrid solid electrolyte is amorphous. A study of ionic conductivity by AC impedance suggests that the ionic conductivity of P(AN‐MMA)/SiO2 hybrid solid electrolyte increases with the increase of the silica content and reaches a maximum value of 1.42 × 10−3 S cm−1 for 7 wt % SiO2, and then decreases for SiO2 > 7 wt %. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Glass fiber‐reinforced composite based on benzoxazine resin
Authors: Kimura Hajime , Matsumoto Akihiro , Ohtsuka Keiko 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn this study, we aimed to prepare and characterize glass fiber‐reinforced composites (GFRP) based on benzoxazine resins. Therefore, the molten resin from benzoxazine and bisoxazoline with the latent curing agent was used as the matrix resin, and the properties of GFRP based on the molten resins were investigated. The properties of GFRP were estimated by mechanical properties, heat resistance, and flame resistance. As a result, it was found that GFRP based on the molten resins from benzoxazine and bisoxazoline with the latent curing agent showed good heat resistance, flame resistance, and mechanical properties compared with those of the conventional GFRP. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Surface properties of poly(ethylene oxide)‐based segmented block copolymers with monodisperse hard segments
Authors: Husken D. , Feijen Jan , Gaymans R. J. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe surface properties of segmented block copolymers based on poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) segments and monodisperse crystallizable tetra‐amide segments were studied. The monodisperse crystallizable segments (T6T6T) were based on terephthalate (T) and hexamethylenediamine (6). Due to the crystallinity of T6T6T being high (∼ 85%), the amount of amorphous T6T6T dissolved in the polyether phase was limited. The length of the PEO segments was varied (between 600 and 4600 g/mol) and effect of extending the PEO segments with terephthalic groups was investigated. Studied was the hydrophilicity of the surface by contact angle measurements and of the bulk copolymers by water absorption measurements The results were compared with data of PEO‐poly(butylene terephthalate) (PEO‐PBT) copolymers. For a given hydrophilicity of the bulk copolymer, the surface hydrophilicity decreased in the order PEO‐PBT, PEO‐T6T6T, and (PEO‐T)‐T6T6T. The use of short monodisperse hard segments resulted in low contact angles, with a lowest observed value of ∼ 29°. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Preparation of Zr4+ affinity column by atom transfer radical polymerization for phosphoprotein isolation
Authors: Park Jung‐Hyun , Bae In‐Ae , Choi Seong‐Ho 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis paper describes the preparation of the metallic affinity column by atom transfer radical polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) on Wang resin surface. The metallic ions (Zr4+, Fe3+, and Pd2+) were introduced after phosphonation of the epoxy group of the grafted poly(GMA) on Wang resin surface. The successful results on metallic ion‐immobilized polymeric microsphere stationary phase were confirmed via Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), and inductively coupled plasma‐atomic emission spectrometer. The resolution degree of the phosphonated casein and dephosphonated casein for Zr4+, Fe3+, and Pd2+ affinity column was examined. The result shows that the resolution time (min) of the phosphonated casein was higher than that of the dephosphated casein on the Zr4+ affinity column by liquid chromatography. However, the phosphonated casein and dephosphonated casein were not separated on the Fe3+ affinity column and Pd2+ affinity column by liquid chromatography. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Sodium alginate/Na+‐rectorite composite films: Preparation, characterization, and properties
Authors: Yang Lianli , Liang Guozheng , Zhang Zengping , He Shaobo , Wang Jinhe 
Published: June 2009

AbstractRectorite (REC), one kind of layered silicates, has been applied to polymers to improve their properties. The sodium alginate (SA) layered silicate is a new option to modify the properties of polysaccharides. In this article, SA was modified by Na+‐rectorite (Na+REC). The chemical structures and microstructures of Na+REC and Na+REC modified SA (SA/Na+REC) were analyzed by using Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and X‐ray diffraction. The morphologies of SA/Na+REC composites were observed by using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The mechanical and anti‐ultraviolet properties as well as thermal properties of SA/Na+REC composites were investigated. The results show that the properties of pure SA film can be improved by the addition of Na+REC, and SA/Na+REC composite containing 2 wt % Na+REC has the best intercalation effect and optimum comprehensive properties among the prepared composites in this article. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Refolding of lysozyme in vitro assisted by colloidal thermosensitive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) brushes grafted onto the surface of uniform polystyrene cores
Authors: Ge Xiang , Guan Yi‐Xin , Chen Jie , Yao Zhen , Cao Kun , Yao Shan‐Jing 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe renaturation of lysozyme assisted by a novel type of hairy particles was investigated. The particles used consisted of polystyrene (PS) cores onto which long chains of thermosensitive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) were grafted as shell. Here, two kinds of particles were synthesized as sub‐micron PS cores and 89 nm brush thickness (Particle A) and 122 nm brush thickness (Particle B), respectively. Thermosensitive characteristics of the above prepared hairy uniform PS particles with PNIPAM brushes were studied and the results indicated that the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of PNIPAM brushes grafted on the surface of uniform PS cores was between 33 and 34°C. It was proved that the particles were quite efficient in assisting lysozyme renaturation at high initial protein concentration. When the protein concentration was increased to 500 μg/mL, the refolding yield of the recovery of lysozyme activity could achieve 58.0% (Particle A) and 71.5% (Particle B), compared with only 34.8% by simple dilution refolding. Furthermore, the kinetics of lysozyme refolding in the absence and the presence of the colloidal particles were studied accordingly. The results indicated that the time required for the refolding with colloidal particles was a little bit delayed than that by the simple dilution method owing to the hydrophobic interactions between lysozyme and the PNIPAM brushes. The mechanism of the enhancement for the hairy uniform PS particles with PNIPAM brushes assisted refolding was further discussed. All results above demonstrated that the spherical PNIPAM brushes presented an alternative way to assist protein renaturation in vitro.© 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Interactions between cationic conjugated polyelectrolyte and DNA and a label‐free method for DNA detection based on conjugated polyelectrolyte complexes
Authors: Song Heng , Sun Bin , Gu Ke‐Jun , Yang Yan , Zhang Yang , Shen Qun‐Dong 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe electrostatic complexes of single‐stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (ssDNA) and a cationic conjugated polyelectrolyte (CPE), poly{9,9‐di[3‐(1‐ethyl‐1,1‐dimethyl ammonio)propyl]‐2,7‐fluorenyl‐alt‐1,4‐phenylene dibromide} (PFN), were investigated. Fluorescence emission of PFN solution (10 μmol/L) can be drastically quenched to about one fourth of its original intensity in the presence of a trace amount (2.6 μmol/L) of ssDNA. The effect of oligonucleotide length on the fluorescence quenching behavior was also investigated. In contrast to single‐stranded DNA with 20 bases (ssDNA‐20), ssDNA with 40 bases (ssDNA‐40) induces a relatively higher quenching efficiency and larger red‐shift of PFN emission maximum. The binding constant of ssDNA‐20 and PFN is estimated to be 1.12 × 1021. At extremely low concentration (10 nmol/L), PFN can respond to 0.2 nmol/L (or 2 × 10−10 mol/L) of ssDNA‐20 by significant enhancement of its emission intensity. The result is contrary to the observation in the relative higher concentration, and its mechanism is postulated. Based on the high binding ability of ssDNA with cationic CPE, a label‐free method for ssDNA detection is designed. It uses an electrostatic complex of cationic PFN and an anionic CPE, which exhibits fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the two components. Addition of ssDNA improves the FRET extent, indicated by obvious change of fluorescence spectra of the conjugated polyelectrolyte complex. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Effect of orotic acid as a nucleating agent on the crystallization of bacterial poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyhexanoate) copolymers
Authors: Jacquel Nicolas , Tajima Koichirou , Nakamura Nobuo , Miyagawa Toshio , Pan Pengju , Inoue Yoshio 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe kinetics of crystallization induced by orotic acid (OA) and boron nitride (BN) as nucleating agents were investigated for bacterial poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyhexanoate)s (P(HB‐co‐HH)s) containing from 0 to 18% HH monomer units. The nucleation efficiency of these two chemicals was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarized optical microscopy (POM). It was found that both orotic acid and boron nitride are able to nucleate the crystallization of PHB. In the case of P(HB‐co‐HH) copolymers, orotic acid showed an outstanding nucleating effect. The comparison of half‐crystallization times shows that for P(HB‐co‐10% HH), the crystallization initiated by orotic acid is more than three time faster than the one induced by boron nitride (t1/2BN/t1/2OA(60°C) = 3.7 and t1/2BN/t1/2OA(90°C) = 4.5). According to the fact that orotic acid is a biodegradable, biocompatible and a nontoxic chemical, this nucleating agent is a promising solution for PHAs used in medical applications such as implants. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Preparation and properties of flame retardant poly(urethane‐imide)s containing phosphine oxide moiety
Authors: Özarslan Özdemir , Bayazıt Mustafa Kemal , Çatıker Efkan 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe preparation of new poly(urethane‐imide)s (PUIs) having acceptable thermal stability and higher flame resistance was aimed. Two new aromatic diisocyanate‐containing methyldiphenylphosphine oxide and triphenylphosphine oxide moieties were synthesized via Curtius rearrangement in situ and polymerized by various prepared diols. Four aliphatic hydroxy terminated aromatic based diols were synthesized by the reaction between ethylene carbonate and various diphenolic substances. Chemical structures of monomers and polymers were characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and 31P NMR spectroscopy. Thermal stabilities and decomposition behaviors of the PUIs were tested by DSC and TGA. Thermal measurements indicate that the polymers have high thermal stability and produce high char. Polymers exhibit quite high fire resistance, evaluated by fire test UL‐94. The films of the polymers were prepared by casting the solution. Inherent viscosities, solubilities, and water absorbtion behaviors of the polymers were reported in. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Characterization and comparison of Acetosolv and Milox lignin isolated from crofton weed stem
Authors: Zhao Xuebing , Dai Lingmei , Liu Dehua 
Published: June 2009

AbstractCrofton weed (Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng) is an invasive species in China, which has damaged native ecosystems and caused great economic losses. To use the weed instead of simple control and management of it, the weed stem of was delignified by Acetosolv and Milox processes to obtain lignin. The lignins (Acetosolv lignin, AL; and Milox lignin, ML) were characterized and compared through several analysis methods. It was found that both of AL and ML were syringyl‐guaiacyl type (GS) lignin, but that the chemical composition and structure of the two lignins were somewhat different. The obtained C9 expanded formulas for AL and ML were C9H9.16O3.50N0.13(OCH3)0.97(PhOH)0.34Ac0.22 and C9H7.96O3.13N0.13(OCH3)1.23(PhOH)0.51Ac0.14, respectively. According to an elementary analysis, the two lignins had similar higher heat value of 20.0–21.0 MJ kg−1, which were similar to that of raw coal. Gel permeation chromatography analysis indicated the two lignins had similar molecular weights. Notwithstanding that the Ultraviolet, Fourier transform infrared, and 1H‐NMR spectra illustrated that the two lignins had similar chemical functional groups, the AL showed more acetyl groups signals. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009