bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonmulberry silk biopolymers
Authors: Kundu S. C. , Kundu Banani , Talukdar Sarmistha , Bano Subia , Nayak Sunita , Kundu Joydip , Mandal Biman B. , Bhardwaj Nandana , Botlagunta Mahendran , Dash Biraja C. , Acharya Chitrangada , Ghosh Ananta K. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe silk produced by silkworms are biopolymers and can be classified into two types—mulberry and nonmulberry. Mulberry silk of silkwormBombyx morihas been extensively explored and used for century old textiles and sutures. But for the last few decades it is being extensively exploited for biomedical applications. However, the transformation of nonmulberry silk from being a textile commodity to biomaterials is relatively new. Within a very short period of time, the combination of load bearing capability and tensile strength of nonmulberry silk has been equally envisioned for bone, cartilage, adipose, and other tissue regeneration. Adding to its advantage is its diverse morphology, including macro to nano architectures with controllable degradation and biocompatibility yields novel natural material systems in vitro. Its follow on applications involve sustained release of model compounds and anticancer drugs. Its 3D cancer models provide compatible microenvironment systems for better understanding of the cancer progression mechanism and screening of anticancer compounds. Diversely designed nonmulberry matrices thus provide an array of new cutting age technologies, which is unattainable with the current synthetic materials that lack biodegradability and biocompatibility. Scientific exploration of nonmulberry silk in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and biotechnological applications promises advancement of sericulture industries in India and China, largest nonmulberry silk producers of the world. This review discusses the prospective biomedical applications of nonmulberry silk proteins as natural biomaterials. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 97: 455–467, 2012.
Preoperative short-course radiotherapy with delayed surgery in primary rectal cancer
Authors: Pettersson D , Holm T , Iversen H , Blomqvist L , Glimelius B , Martling A 
Published: January 2012

Abstract

Background
Short-course radiotherapy (SRT) with immediate surgery and long-course chemoradiotherapy (CRT) are currently the standard preoperative treatment options for rectal cancer. SRT with surgery delayed for 4–8 weeks (SRT-delay) is an option described for patients with locally advanced tumours who are not fit for CRT. This study examined early toxicity, response to radiotherapy (RT) and short-term outcomes of SRT-delay.

Methods
Patients in the Stockholm region diagnosed with rectal cancer between January 2002 and December 2008, who received SRT (25 Gy over 5–7 days) and had surgery with resection of the primary tumour more than 4 weeks after the start of RT, were identified from a prospective register. Additional data were obtained by retrospective review of clinical records.

Results
A total of 112 patients had SRT and delayed surgery. The reasons given for SRT included primary unresectable disease and co-morbidities. Severe RT-induced toxicity was noted in six patients (5·4 per cent). Signs of tumour regression were seen on magnetic resonance imaging in 74 per cent of patients reassessed after RT. Pathological stage (44·9 versus 60·7 per cent stage 0–II; P &lt; 0·001), tumour category (11·9 versus 29·4 per cent T0–T2; P &lt; 0·001) and node category (45·8 versus 63·6 per cent N0; P = 0·014) were significantly lower than those at initial assessment. Nine patients (8·0 per cent) had a complete pathological response.

Conclusion
The SRT-delay schedule was a feasible alternative with low toxicity. The study indicated a downstaging effect of SRT if surgery was delayed.
Role of the insulin-like growth factor 1 axis and visceral adiposity in oesophageal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Donohoe C L , Doyle S L , McGarrigle S , Cathcart M C , Daly E , O'Grady A , Lysaght J , Pidgeon G P , Reynolds J V 
Published: January 2012

Abstract

Background
Epidemiological studies have linked obesity with many cancers. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) 1 axis may be an important mediator in obesity-associated cancer. This study examined the relationship between IGF-1 and its receptor (IGF-1R) in oesophageal adenocarcinoma, a cancer strongly linked to obesity.

Methods
Patients with oesophageal adenocarcinoma considered suitable for attempted curative treatment were studied. Visceral adiposity was defined by waist circumference or visceral fat area. Free and total IGF-1 in serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Quantitative polymerase chain resection was used to determine mRNA expression of IGF-1 and IGF-1R in resected tumour samples. IGF-1R expression in tissue microarrays (TMAs) was quantified by immunohistochemistry.

Results
A total of 220 patients were studied. Total and free IGF-1 levels were significantly increased in the serum of viscerally obese patients. Gene expression analysis revealed a significant association between obesity status and both IGF-1R (P = 0·021) and IGF-1 (P = 0·031) in tumours. TMA analysis demonstrated that IGF-1R expression in resected tumours was significantly higher in viscerally obese patients than in those of normal weight (P = 0·023). Disease-specific survival was longer in patients with negative IGF-1R expression than in those with IGF-1R-positive tumours (median 60·0 versus 23·4 months; P = 0·027).

Conclusion
This study highlighted the association of the IGF axis with visceral obesity, and a potential impact on the biology of oesophageal adenocarcinoma through its receptor. Targeting the IGF axis may have a rationale in future studies.
Selective Extraction of Lutein from Alcohol Treated Chlorella vulgaris by Supercritical CO2
Authors: Ruen‐ngam D. , Shotipruk A. , Pavasant P. , Machmudah S. , Goto M. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA pretreatment process using alcohol for the removal of chlorophyll a, b and β‐carotene from Chlorella vulgaris was developed to improve the yield and selectivity of lutein in the extract obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction was carried out after pretreatment in the pressure range of 20 to 40 MPa and the temperature range of 40 to 80 °C. Ethanol and methanol were selected as elution solvents, of which ethanol was found most suitable for the elution, or pretreatment, process. The amounts of lutein and other compounds were analyzed by HPLC with the mixture of methanol and THF as the mobile phase. The amount of lutein in the extract increased with pressure, but decreased with extraction temperature. The highest recovery percentage and the selectivity of lutein were around 52.9 ± 0.02 % and 43.1 ± 0.02 %, respectively, obtained from supercritical carbon dioxide extraction with pretreatment and ethanol entrainer at 40 MPa and 40 °C.
β‐amyloid peptide is internalized into chick retinal neurons and alters the distribution of myosin Vb
Authors: Oliveira Leandro T. , Matos Priscila A. , Provance David William , de Mello Fernando G. , Andrade Leonardo R. , Sorenson Martha M. , Salerno Verônica P. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe most common neurodegenerative disorder afflicting the aging human population is Alzheimer's disease (AD). A major hallmark of AD is dementia from a loss of neuronal function, attributed to the presence and accumulation of β‐amyloid (Aβ) peptide into senile plaques. Preceding senile plaque formation, abnormalities in axons can be observed as changes in morphologies and intracellular trafficking. Recently, it has been recognized that Aβ also accumulates within neurons and this intraneuronal Aβ accumulation has been reported to be critical in the disruption of synapses and cognitive function. Here, we report on the internalization of a fluorescently labeled Aβ peptide into cultured chick retinal neurons. The pattern of Aβ distribution during the time course of incubation is reminiscent of the endocytic pathway. Furthermore, the distribution of the internalized Aβ peptide converges with that of myosin Vb and both relocalize from the axon to cell body. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that AD proceeds as a result of an imbalance between Aβ production and Aβ clearance, suggesting a role for myosin Vb in this process. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
3‐Substituted 2‐Phenylimidazo[2,1‐b]benzothiazoles: Synthesis, Anticancer Activity, and Inhibition of Tubulin Polymerization
Authors: Kamal Ahmed , Sultana Farheen , Ramaiah M. Janaki , Srikanth Y. V. V. , Viswanath A. , Kishor Chandan , Sharma Pranjal , Pushpavalli S. N. C. V. L. , Addlagatta Anthony , Pal‐Bhadra Manika 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA new series of 3‐substituted 2‐phenylimidazo[2,1‐b]benzothiazoles (3 a–h) were synthesized by C‐arylation of 2‐arylimidazo[2,1‐b]benzothiazoles using palladium acetate as catalyst, and the resulting compounds were evaluated for their anticancer activity. Compounds 3 a, 3 e, and 3 h exhibited good antiproliferative activity, with GI50 values in the range of 0.19–83.1 μM. Compound 3 h showed potent anticancer efficacy against 60 human cancer cell lines, with a mean GI50 value of 0.88 μM. This compound also induced cell‐cycle arrest in the G2/M phase and inhibited tubulin polymerization followed by activation of caspase‐3 and apoptosis. A high‐throughput tubulin polymerization assay showed that the level of inhibition for compound 3 h is similar to that of combretastatin A‐4. Molecular modeling studies provided a molecular basis for the favorable binding of compounds 3 a, 3 e, and 3 h to the colchicine binding pocket of tubulin.
Structures, Energetics and Reaction Mechanisms of Nitrous Oxide on Transition‐Metal‐Doped and ‐Undoped Single‐Wall Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Pannopard Panvika , Khongpracha Pipat , Warakulwit Chompunuch , Namuangruk Supawadee , Probst Michael , Limtrakul Jumras 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe catalytic activity of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for the removal of greenhouse gases, like nitrous oxide (N2O), can be fine‐tuned by metal doping. We modify the inert surfaces of CNTs with Sc, Ti and V transition metals in order to investigate their capability of converting N2O to N2. The stable composite catalysts of Sc‐, Ti‐ and V‐doped (5,5)single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), along with the unmodified one were investigated by periodic DFT calculations. Without metal doping, the N2O decomposition on the bare tube proceeds over a high energy barrier (54.3 kcal mol−1) which in the presence of active metals is reduced to 3.6, 8.0 and 10.2 kcal mol−1 for V‐, Ti‐ and Sc‐doped (5,5)SWCNTs, respectively. The superior reactivity is a result of the facilitated electron transfer between the tube and N2O caused by the overlap between the d orbitals of the metal and the p orbitals of N2O.
Instantaneous Normal Mode Analysis of a Series of Model Molten Salts
Authors: Li Hualin , Kobrak Mark N. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA combination of analytical theory and molecular dynamics simulation was previously used to investigate how the dynamics of a fused salt are affected by the distributions of mass and charge in its component ions. These studies are now extended by using instantaneous normal mode analysis to explore how changes in ionic structure affect translational and rotational dynamics at different frequencies. The results indicate that the details of the charge distribution are important in coupling translational and rotational motion in ionic liquids. The observations are broadly consistent with the predictions of the charge lever moment formalism, and provide insight on the nature of dynamics in fused salts.
Synthesis of superconducting sphere‐like Mo2C nanoparticles in an autoclave
Authors: Sun Bo , Xu Liqiang , Tang Kaibin , Wang Liancheng , Ju Zhicheng , Qian Yitai 
Published: January 2012

AbstractSphere‐like Mo2C nanoparticles have been synthesized through the reaction of sodium molybdate, anhydrous ethanol and sodium azide at 450 °C for 10 h in a sealed stainless steel autoclave. X‐ray powder diffraction results indicated that the final product was Mo2C. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning elctron microscopy (SEM) were employed to characterize the as‐prepared sample. The sample was mostly composed of sphere‐like particles, which has a superconducting transition temperature of 9.5 K, and its calculated surface area is 30.859 m2/g. The experimental parameters such as reaction temperature and reactants were studied to investigate the reaction mechanism. It was found that sodium azide and reaction temperature played key roles in the formation of sphere‐like Mo2C nanoparticles. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Isolation and characterization of a new polymorph of D‐sorbitol
Authors: Wang Yanlei , Gao Junyan , Yin Qiuxiang , Hao Hongxun 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA new polymorph of D‐sorbitol (named as F form) was discovered in this paper. A reliable isolation method for this new polymorph was developed. Three other known polymorphs of D‐sorbitol were also prepared for comparative purpose. The new F form was analyzed and characterized by using PXRD, DSC, Raman and FTIR spectroscopy. By comparing with current polymorphs' data, it was proved that F form is a new form that was not reported in any literatures. From PXRD data, it was confirmed that the crystallinity of the new form is very high. From DSC data, it was found that the new form is less stable than any known anhydrous forms. It was also found by transformation experiments that the new F form can transform into alpha form in methanol solution through a solution mediated transformation mechanism. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Understanding the dynamic coupling between vegetation cover and climatic factors in a semiarid region—a case study of Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Cao Lei , Xu Jianhua , Chen Yaning , Li Weihong , Yang Yang , Hong Yulian , Li Zhuo 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTVegetation is sensitive to changes in the ecological environment in arid and semiarid regions, so information on the dynamics of vegetation cover changes can provide important information for ecological environmental protection and early warning of ecosystem degradation. With the SPOT/VEGETATION normalised difference vegetation index dataset of the typical semiarid land in Inner Mongolia (IM) during 1998–2008, this study applied an integrated statistical method combing asymmetric Gaussian filtering, seasonal Kendall test, R/S analysis, correlation analysis and regression analysis, to investigate the impact of climatic factors on trends in vegetation cover. The main findings are as follows: (1) Over the 1998–2008 period, the vegetation coverage is relatively stable in IM, with only 24.5% of the total area exhibiting a significant variation in cover. The spatial distribution of the vegetation cover change has the following regional characteristics: in the northeast forest region, the vegetation cover is stable; in the middle steppe region, significant changes are observed and in the southwest desert region, the vegetation exhibits significant degradation. (2) Normalised difference vegetation index time series in most regions of IM reveal a vegetation change trend. In the high vegetation covered regions, the change trend will be reversed, whereas in the low vegetation covered regions, the original change trend will be preserved. (3) Analysis of correlation coefficients and stepwise linear regression reveals relationships between vegetation change and climatic factors. Temperature and precipitation have a direct influence on vegetation change, acting as the main climatic driving forces for the regional vegetation evolution. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional Heterometallic Layered Hybrid Magnets by Double Ion‐Exchange
Authors: Delahaye Emilie , Eyele‐Mezui Séraphin , Diop Mayoro , Leuvrey Cédric , Foix Dominique , Gonbeau Danielle , Rabu Pierre , Rogez Guillaume 
Published: January 2012

AbstractNew hybrid compounds have been synthesized by functionalization of cobalt and copper layered hydroxides by salen complexes. Two kinds of compounds have been obtained from [M(SalenSO3Na2)] (M = Cu2+, Ni2+, Co2+ and Zn2+) and the preintercalated copper and cobalt hydroxides Cu2(OH)3(DS) and Co2(OH)3(DS0) [SalenSO3Na2 = N,N′‐bis(5‐sulfonatosalicylidene)‐1,2‐diaminoethane disodium salt, DS– = dodecylsulfate, DS0– = dodecylsulfonate]. The reaction of [M(SalenSO3Na2)] with layered copper hydroxide led to the anion‐exchanged compounds Cu2(OH)3.00(CuSalenSO3)0.50·0.20H2O [Cu(SalenSO3)⊂Cu (1)] and Cu2(OH)3.24(NiSalenSO3)0.38·2.6H2O [Ni(SalenSO3)⊂Cu (2)] where M = Cu2+ or Ni2+. Similarly, the reaction with layered cobalt hydroxide leads to the exchanged compounds Co2(OH)3.18(NiSalenSO3)0.41·4.0H2O [Ni(SalenSO3)⊂Co (6)] and Co2(OH)3.44(CoSalenSO3)0.28·3.7H2O [Co(SalenSO3)⊂Co (8)] where M = Ni2+ or Co2+. The reaction of [M(SalenSO3)Na2] with layered copper hydroxide where M = Co2+ or Zn2+ and that of layered cobalt hydroxide where M = Cu2+ or Zn2+ resulted in the modification of the host structure because of concomitant partial cation exchange between the salen complex and the inorganic layers. Mixed‐ion‐exchanged compounds were obtained, Cu1.16Co0.84(OH)3.28(CoSalenSO3)0.36·6.4H2O [Co(SalenSO3)⊂Cu/Co (4)], Cu0.7Zn1.30(OH)3.20(ZnSalenSO3)0.40·2.11H2O [Zn(SalenSO3)⊂Cu/Zn (3)], Co1.72Cu0.28(OH)3.28(CuSalenSO3)0.36·3.20H2O [Cu(SalenSO3)⊂Co/Cu (5)] and Co0.80Zn1.20(OH)3.20(ZnSalenSO)0.40·2.25H2O [Zn(SalenSO3)⊂Co/Zn (7)]. The magnetic behaviour of the compounds is drastically modified depending on the structure of the inorganic layers induced by the functionalization and partial cation exchange. The hybrid copper layered hydroxides show antiferromagnetic (for 3) or weak ferromagnetic (for 1, 2 and 4) behaviour. The cobalt analogues 5, 6 and 8 are ferrimagnets with ordering temperatures at ca. 6 K, whereas the Co/Zn heterometallic layered simple hydroxide 7 presents dominant antiferromagnetic interactions.
Determination of Atrazine in Natural Water Samples by Differential Pulse Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry Using a Bismuth Film Electrode
Authors: Figueiredo‐Filho Luiz Carlos S. , Azzi Déborah C. , Janegitz Bruno C. , Fatibello‐Filho Orlando 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA new method using differential pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetry for the determination of atrazine (ATZ) in natural water samples using a bismuth film electrode (BiFE) is proposed. The calibration curve was linear in the atrazine concentration range from 6.7×10−7 to 2.0×10−5 mol L−1, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.4×10−7 mol L−1. The proposed electrode was applied for atrazine determination with satisfactory results compared with a high‐performance liquid chromatography method (HPLC).
An Electrochemical Immunoassay for HER2 Detection
Authors: Al‐Khafaji Q. A. M. , Harris M. , Tombelli S. , Laschi S. , Turner A. P. F. , Mascini M. , Marrazza G. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn this paper, a simple and sensitive approach for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) detection is presented, using antibody‐functionalised magnetic beads coupled to screen‐printed cells. The immunoassay is based on a sandwich format in which a primary monoclonal antibody anti‐HER2 is coupled to protein A modified magnetic beads. The modified beads are then used to capture the protein from the sample solution and a sandwich assay is performed by adding a secondary monoclonal antibody anti‐HER2 labelled with biotin. The enzyme alkaline phosphatase (AP) conjugated with streptavidin and its substrate (1‐naphthyl‐phosphate) are then used for the electrochemical detection by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The experimental conditions for the immunoassay were optimised. The performance of the assay in terms of sensitivity, reproducibility and selectivity has been studied in buffer and serum samples from hospital patients.
Synergistic Effect of MWNTs/CeO2/CHIT Film for Detection of CdSe Nanoparticle Labeled Sequence‐Specific of 35S Promoter of Cauliflower Mosaic Virus Gene
Authors: Yang Tao , Huang Daming , Li Qianhe , Zhang Wei , Jiao Kui 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA porous composite film was fabricated combining the advantages of multiwalled carbon nanotubes, CeO2 and chitosan. The synergistic effect of the film improved the immobilization of probe ssDNA. The loaded probe ssDNA was used for detection of CdSe quantum dots labeled target DNA. The DNA hybridization reaction was detected by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry of Cd2+ after the oxidative release of labeled CdSe quantum dots. The established DNA biosensor can discriminate different target sequences associated with 35S promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus gene with relatively wide linear range and low detection limit (2.4×10−13 mol/L).
Tools for the Development of Electrochemical Sensors: an EQCM Flow Cell with Flow Focusing
Authors: Malitesta Cosimino , Picca Rosaria Anna , Mazzotta Elisabetta , Guascito Maria Rachele 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA novel flow cell capable of improving piezoelectric response in system combining Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance (EQCM) and Flow Injection Analysis is presented. The original design of flow cell modified in shape and position of ports compared to other models for QCM is proposed. Electrochemical and viscoelastic experiments showed focusing of the sample in the central zone between ports and a remarkable enhancement of mass sensitivity compared to Sauerbrey value. Enhancement of mass sensitivity may allow piezoelectric device to be applied to the same concentration range of electrochemical ones and may be used as a tool to develop electrochemical sensors.
SECM and SKPFM Studies of the Local Corrosion Mechanism of Al Alloys – A Pathway to an Integrated SKP‐SECM System
Authors: Senöz Ceylan , Maljusch Artjom , Rohwerder Michael , Schuhmann Wolfgang 
Published: January 2012

AbstractScanning Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy and Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy were applied for the investigation of localized corrosion on heterogeneous aiming on the investigation of the possible correlation between the local surface potential differences, measured by the Kelvin probe technique in ambient conditions, and corrosion during immersion in a corrosive electrolyte. A model sample mimicking the interaction of Al and Cu in Al alloys was chosen to demonstrate the complementary nature of the information received from SKPFM and SECM. The necessary prerequisites for a future integration of SKP and SECM into a single set‐up are discussed.