bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Properties of the Narrative Scoring Scheme Using Narrative Retells in Young School-Age Children
Authors: Heilmann John , Miller Jon F. , Nockerts Ann , Dunaway Claudia 
Published: May 2010

PurposeTo evaluate the clinical utility of the narrative scoring scheme (NSS) as an index of narrative macrostructure for young school-age children.MethodOral retells of a wordless picture book were elicited from 129 typically developing children, ages 5–7. A series of correlations and hierarchical regression equations were completed using microstructural measures of vocabulary and grammar to predict NSS scores.ResultsWhile the NSS was significantly correlated with age and each of the microstructural measures, the hierarchical regression analyses revealed a unique relationship between vocabulary and narrative macrostructure.ConclusionThe NSS is an efficient and informative tool for documenting children’s development of narrative macrostructure. The relationship between the NSS and microstructural measures demonstrates that it is a robust measure of children’s overall oral narrative competence and a powerful tool for clinicians and researchers. The unique relationship between lexical diversity and the NSS confirmed that a special relationship exists between vocabulary and narrative organization skills in young school-age children.
Relationships Between Early Gestures and Later Language in Children With Fragile X Syndrome
Authors: Flenthrope Jennifer L. , Brady Nancy C. 
Published: May 2010

Purpose
The authors hypothesized that significant positive relationships would exist between early gesture use and later language attainments in children with fragile X syndrome (FXS), as has been reported in studies with other populations.

Method
Participants were young children with FXS and limited expressive language (21 boys, 4 girls), divided into 2 subgroups based on the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS; Schopler, Reichler, & Renner, 1988) scores. Data were collected when participants were about 2 years of age and again when they were about 5 years of age. Communication was assessed through the analysis of video samples obtained in the children’s homes for both observation periods. Correlational analyses were completed between early prelinguistic communication and later verbal communication scores for all participants and for children with high (>30) versus low (<30) scores on the CARS.

Results
Although no significant relationships were found between prelinguistic gesture use and language outcomes for the group of children as a whole, significant negative correlations were found for the group of children who had high CARS scores.

Conclusions
These outcomes did not support the authors' initial hypotheses. It was concluded that extensive use of developmentally early gestures by children with FXS who also have many symptoms of autism may not be a positive indicator of later language.
Effects of Parent Instruction on the Symbolic Communication of Children Using Augmentative and Alternative Communication During Storybook Reading
Authors: Kent-Walsh Jennifer , Binger Cathy , Hasham Zishan 
Published: May 2010

Purpose
This study investigated the effects of a communication partner instruction strategy for parents of children using augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) on the communicative turn taking of their children. Instruction was provided within storybook-reading contexts.

Method
Two single-subject multiple-probe-across-participants designs were used to evaluate the effects of parent instruction on (a) 3 European American parents and (b) 3 African American parents. Changes in turn-taking rates and the expression of different semantic concepts in children using AAC were assessed in storybook-reading activities.

Results
All 6 parents learned to implement the communication partner interaction strategy accurately. All 6 children who used AAC increased their communicative turn taking and their language use as reflected by different semantic concepts expressed.

Conclusions
Results provide evidence that the communication partner instruction program applied within storybook-reading contexts holds significant promise in improving parent–child interaction patterns and facilitating communicative expression and turn taking in children who use AAC.
Fungal Susceptibility at Four Temperature‐Moisture Combinations and Carbon Dioxide Kit Color Reader Evaluation
Authors: Moog D. J. P. , Stroshine R. L. , Seitz L. M. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe susceptibility of shelled corn to invasion by storage fungi was assessed using a carbon dioxide (CO2) test kit. Shelled corn samples were rewetted to either 16 or 21% wb moisture content (MC) and incubated ≤80 hr at either 24 or 30°C in sealed glass jars. CO2 concentration in the jars was quantified using the color number (0–5) of an indicator gel, which was determined either by visual comparison to a color card (VR) or using a Digital Color Reader (DCR). Plots of DCR color numbers versus time were smoother than those for VR color numbers. The DCR was better able to distinguish differences among samples, especially when color numbers were <2.0. The highest coefficients of determination (r2) for linear regressions of color number versus ergosterol difference were 0.75 for the DCR readings and 0.73 for the VR readings. Rankings of fungal susceptibility were similar at all four temperature‐MC combinations and many r2 values for linear regressions comparing readings at other conditions with those at 21% MC and 24°C were statistically significant (α ≤ 0.05). Incubation conditions and time of prior storage had a noticeable yet relatively minor effect on which fungi infected the kernels.
Exotic Corn Lines with Increased Resistant Starch and Impact on Starch Thermal Characteristics
Authors: Rohlfing Kim A. , Pollak Linda M. , White Pamela J. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractTen parent corn lines, including four mutants (dull sugary2, amylose‐extender sugary2, amylose‐extender dull, and an amylose‐extender with introgressed Guatemalen germplasm [GUAT ae]) and six lines with introgressed exotic germplasm backgrounds, were crossed with each other to create 20 progeny crosses to increase resistant starch (RS) as a dietary fiber in corn starch and to provide materials for thermal evaluation. The resistant starch 2 (RS2) values from the 10 parent lines were 18.3–52.2% and the values from the 20 progeny crosses were 16.6–34.0%. The %RS2 of parents was not additive in the offspring but greater RS2 in parents was correlated to greater RS2 in the progeny crosses (r = 0.63). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measured starch thermal characteristics, revealing positive correlations of peak gelatinization temperature and change in enthalpy with %RS2 (r = 0.65 and r = 0.67, P ≤ 0.05); however, % retrogradation (a measure of RS3) and retrogradation parameters did not correlate with %RS2. The %RS2 and onset temperature increased with the addition of the ae gene, likely because RS delays gelatinization.
Tracheal intubation following training with the GlideScope® compared to direct laryngoscopy
Authors: Ayoub C. M. , Kanazi G. E. , Al Alami A. , Rameh C. , El‐Khatib M. F. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryTracheal intubation using direct laryngoscopy has a high failure rate when performed by untrained medical personnel. This study compares tracheal intubation following direct laryngoscopy by inexperienced medical students when initially trained by using either the GlideScope®, a video assisted laryngoscope, or a rigid (Macintosh) laryngoscope. Forty‐two medical students with no previous experience in tracheal intubation were randomly divided into two equal groups to receive training with the GlideScope or with direct laryngoscopy. Subsequently, each medical student performed three consecutive intubations on patients with normal airways that were observed by a anaesthetist who was blinded to the training method. The rates of successful intubation were significantly higher in the Glidescope group after the first (48%), second (62%), and third (81%) intubations compared with the Macintosh group (14%, 14% and 33%; p = 0.043, 0.004 and 0.004, respectively). The mean (SD) times for the first, second, and third successful tracheal intubations were significantly shorter in the Glidescope group (59.3 (4.4) s, 56.6 (7.1) s and 50.1 (4.0) s) than the Macintosh group (70.7 (7.5) s, 73.7 (7.3) s and 67.6 (2.0) s; p = 0.006, 0.003 and 0.0001, respectively). Training with a video‐assisted device such as the GlideScope improves the success rate and time for tracheal intubation in patients with normal airways when this is performed by inexperienced individuals following a short training programme.
The Mediterranean Sea as a ‘cul‐de‐sac’ for endemic fishes facing climate change
Authors: BEN RAIS LASRAM FRIDA , GUILHAUMON FRANÇOIS , ALBOUY CAMILLE , SOMOT SAMUEL , THUILLER WILFRIED , MOUILLOT DAVID 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe Mediterranean Sea is a hotspot of biodiversity, and climate warming is expected to have a significant influence on its endemic fish species. However, no previous studies have predicted whether fish species will experience geographic range extensions or contractions as a consequence of warming. Here, we projected the potential future climatic niches of 75 Mediterranean Sea endemic fish species based on a global warming scenario implemented with the Mediterranean model OPAMED8 and a multimodel inference, which included uncertainty. By 2070–2099, the average surface temperature of the Mediterranean Sea was projected to warm by 3.1 °C. Projections for 2041–2060 are that 25 species would qualify for the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) Red List, and six species would become extinct. By 2070–2099, 45 species were expected to qualify for the IUCN Red List whereas 14 were expected to become extinct. By the middle of the 21st century, the coldest areas of the Mediterranean Sea (Adriatic Sea and Gulf of Lion) would act as a refuge for cold‐water species, but by the end of the century, those areas were projected to become a ‘cul‐de‐sac’ that would drive those species towards extinction. In addition, the range size of endemic species was projected to undergo extensive fragmentation, which is a potentially aggravating factor. Since a majority of endemic fishes are specialists, regarding substratum and diet, we may expect a reduced ability to track projected climatic niches. As a whole, 25% of the Mediterranean Sea continental shelf was predicted to experience a total modification of endemic species assemblages by the end of the 21st century. This expected turnover rate could be mitigated by marine protected areas or accelerated by fishing pressure or competition from exotic fishes. It remains a challenge to predict how these assemblage modifications might affect ecosystem function.
Red fescue undersown in winter wheat suppresses Elytrigia repens
Authors: BERGKVIST G , ADLER A , HANSSON M , WEIH M 
Published: May 2010

Bergkvist G, Adler A, Hansson M & Weih M (2010). Red fescue undersown in winter wheat suppresses Elytrigia repens. Weed Research50, 447–455.Summary Elytrigia repens (syn. Elymus repens) is a perennial grass weed that is controlled by herbicides or by tillage. Both methods are expensive and may have negative effects on the environment. Therefore, alternative methods of weed control, such as using competition from under‐sown perennial forage crops, are of interest. Red fescue can be sown together with winter wheat as a non‐flowering understorey crop that has its main growth during late summer and autumn. This study quantified the effect of red fescue and E. repens on wheat biomass and tested the hypothesis that under‐sown red fescue reduces the amount of E. repens rhizomes and thus the need for herbicides or tillage. Two field experiments in which winter wheat, red fescue and E. repens were grown in all possible combinations were conducted between 2003 and 2005. Elytrigia repens reduced wheat biomass by 8%, while red fescue had no significant effect on wheat biomass. Red fescue reduced late autumn biomass of E. repens rhizomes by 40%. The results suggest that red fescue sown with winter wheat can reduce propagation of E. repens during summer and autumn, without a significant reduction in wheat biomass.
Growing up on a farm leads to lifelong protection against allergic rhinitis
Authors: Eriksson J. , Ekerljung L. , Lötvall J. , Pullerits T. , Wennergren G. , Rönmark E. , Torén K. , Lundbäck B. 
Published: May 2010

To cite this article: Eriksson J, Ekerljung L, Lötvall J, Pullerits T, Wennergren G, Rönmark E, Torén K, Lundbäck B. Growing up on a farm leads to lifelong protection against allergic rhinitis. Allergy 2010; 65: 1397–1403.AbstractBackground:  Various studies have reported a low prevalence of allergic rhinitis in farmers and farmers’ children. We sought to investigate whether the protective effect of childhood farm environment is conserved throughout adulthood and how it corresponds to different degrees of urbanization.Methods:  A questionnaire on respiratory health was mailed in 2008 to 30 000 randomly selected subjects aged 16–75 in West Sweden, 29 218 could be traced and 18 087 (62%) responded. The questionnaire included questions on allergic rhinitis, asthma, respiratory symptoms and possible determinants.Results:  When stratified into age groups of 15 years, subjects that lived on a farm during their first 5 years of life had a lower prevalence of allergic rhinitis in all groups, even among the oldest (61–75 years). The negative correlation between childhood farm living and prevalence of allergic rhinitis was similar in 46–75 years of age (OR 0.82; 95% CI 0.70–0.95) as in 16–45 years of age (OR 0.78; 0.64–0.95). There was a significant trend of increasing prevalence of allergic rhinitis with increasing degree of urbanization independent of the effect of childhood farm living.Conclusions:  We found a lifelong protective effect of childhood farm living on the prevalence of allergic rhinitis. In addition, we found an increasing prevalence of allergic rhinitis with increasing degree of urbanization both in those raised on a farm and those not, thus emphasizing the influence of both childhood and adult exposure for the development of allergic disease.
Computed Tomographic, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Cross‐Sectional Anatomic Features of the Manus in a Normal American Black Bear (Ursus americanus)
Authors: Ober C. P. , Freeman L. E. 
Published: May 2010

With 11 figures and 1 tableSummaryThe purpose of this study was to provide a detailed description of cross‐sectional anatomic structures of the manus of a black bear cadaver and correlate anatomic findings with corresponding features in computed tomographic (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) images. CT, MR imaging, and transverse sectioning were performed on the thoracic limb of a cadaver female black bear which had no evidence of lameness or thoracic limb abnormality prior to death. Features in CT and MR images corresponding to clinically important anatomic structures in anatomic sections were identified. Most of the structures identified in transverse anatomic sections were also identified using CT and MR imaging. Bones, muscles and tendons were generally easily identified with both imaging modalities, although divisions between adjacent muscles were rarely visible with CT and only visible sometimes with MR imaging. Vascular structures could not be identified with either imaging modality.
Comparison of repeatability and multiple trait threshold models for litter size in sheep using observed and simulated data in Bayesian analyses
Authors: Mekkawy W. , Roehe R. , Lewis R.M. , Davies M.H. , Bünger L. , Simm G. , Haresign W. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryBayesian analyses were used to estimate genetic parameters on 5580 records of litter size in the first four parities from 1758 Mule ewes. To examine the appropriateness of fitting repeatability (RM) or multiple trait threshold models (MTM) to litter size of different parities, both models were used to estimate genetic parameters on the observed data and were thereafter compared in a simulation study. Posterior means of the heritabilities of litter size in different parities using a MTM ranged from 0.12 to 0.18 and were higher than the heritability based on the RM (0.08). Posterior means of the genetic correlations between litter sizes of different parities were positive and ranged from 0.24 to 0.71. Data sets were simulated based on the same pedigree structure and genetic parameters of the Mule ewe population obtained from both models. The simulation showed that the relative loss in accuracy and increase in mean squared error (MSE) was substantially higher when using the RM, given that the parameters estimated from the observed data using the opposite model are the true parameters. In contrast, Bayesian information criterion (BIC) selected the RM as most appropriate model given the data because of substantial penalty for the higher number of parameters to be estimated in the MTM model. In conclusion, when the relative change in accuracy and MSE is of main interest for estimation of breeding values of litter size of different parities, the MTM is recommended for the given population. When reduction in risk of using the wrong model is the main aim, the BIC suggest that the RM is the most appropriate model.
Probes and Techniques for Sperm Evaluation by Flow Cytometry
Authors: Martínez‐Pastor F , Mata‐Campuzano M , Álvarez‐Rodríguez M , Álvarez M , Anel L , De Paz P 
Published: May 2010

ContentsFlow cytometry has become an important technique in sperm evaluation and is increasingly used both for routine assessment and for research in veterinary science. We have revised the literature, describing fluorescent probes that have been used for analysing spermatozoa by flow cytometry, regarding: viability, acrosomal status, capacitation, mitochondrial status, apoptotic markers, oxidative stress markers, DNA damage, sperm counting and sperm sizing. Details and problems of some techniques are reviewed, with special attention to the occurrence of non‐sperm particles in the samples (‘debris’). New and promising aspects of flow cytometry, such as sperm sorting using viability markers as selection criteria, are highlighted. The relationship between flow cytometry analyses and fertility and their future improvements are considered.
In VitroProduction of Equine Embryos: State of the Art
Authors: Hinrichs K 
Published: May 2010

ContentsIn vitroembryo production is possible in the horse both clinically and for research applications. Oocytes may be collected from excised ovaries post‐mortem, or from either immature follicles or stimulated pre‐ovulatory follicles in the live mare.In vitromaturation of immature oocytes typically yields approximately 60% mature oocytes. As standardin vitrofertilization is not yet repeatable in the horse, fertilization is performed by intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Embryo culture requires medium with high glucose, at least during blastocyst development, and rates of blastocyst development similar to those for cattle (25% to 35%) may be obtained. Pregnancy rates after transfer ofin vitro‐produced blastocysts are similar to those for embryos recoveredex vivo.
Ascending Placentitis in the Mare: An Update
Authors: LeBlanc MM 
Published: May 2010

ContentsAscending placentitis is a common cause of premature birth, abortion and delivery of compromised, ill foals. Recent experimental models have investigated diagnostic procedures and treatment strategies in an attempt to improve live foal rate. Diagnostics such as transrectal and transabdominal ultrasonography are used to evaluate foetal well‐being and placental separation, while measurement of plasma progestins or oestrogen identifies a stressed or hypoxic foetus. Treatment is directed at stopping spread of infection, maintaining uterine quiescence and blocking production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. It must be instituted early if a pregnancy is to be saved. Treatments include antibiotics, tocolytics and immunomodulators. Prompt, aggressive treatment with antibiotics has improved foal viability in experimental models of placentitis.
Use of Cholesterol in Sperm Cryopreservation: Present Moment and Perspectives to Future
Authors: Mocé E , Blanch E , Tomás C , Graham JK 
Published: May 2010

ContentsSperm cryosurvival rates are not optimal for most species. Therefore, new cryopreservation strategies are needed with the objective of increasing the number of surviving sperm and the quality of those sperm after thawing. Cholesterol plays important roles in many sperm functions, including effects on membrane properties. One of these effects is to stabilize membranes at low temperatures. Thus, species that produce sperm which possess high membrane cholesterol : phospholipid ratios are more resistant to cold shock than sperm with low cholesterol : phospholipid ratios. Therefore, increasing the cholesterol content of sperm membranes may be a strategy that can improve sperm quality after freeze‐thawing. In this review, information is presented related to using cyclodextrins pre‐loaded with cholesterol for cryopreserving sperm from different species. The topics discussed include bothin vitroandin vivoassessments of sperm quality after cryopreservation, as well as how increasing sperm cholesterol content affects other sperm functions.
Clinicopathological features and prognosis of Chinese patients with acute post‐streptococcal glomerulonephritis
Authors: LUO CHUNLEI , CHEN DONGMEI , TANG ZHENG , ZHOU YAN , WANG JINQUAN , LIU ZHIHONG , LI LEISHI 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTAim:  To investigate clinicopathological and prognostic differences between adults and children with acute post‐streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN).Methods:  A retrospective case series of 112 patients with APSGN was undertaken. Patients were divided into two groups according to age: adults aged more than 17 years and children aged less than 15 years.Results:  The incidence of APSGN, especially in adults, has decreased in the past three decades. Children have had a higher incidence of macroscopic haematuria than adults (58.3% vs 32.7%, P < 0.05). Laboratory test showed that red blood cell count of urine sediment in children was more significant. On light microscopy, adults had more global glomerulosclerosis, tubular basement membrane thickening, tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis, while children had more glomerular infiltrating neutrophils and monocytes and cellular casts. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that classical staining was seen more in children. The short‐term prognoses were good in both children and adults. But the recovery rate of proteinuria in children was faster than that in adults.Conclusion:  Adults with APSGN had similar clinical features as children except that children had more significant haematuria. On pathology, adults had more outstanding chronic changes by light microscopy and more untypical staining by immunofluorescence.