bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparing a Causal Research Design
Authors: LaPorte Jody 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter outlines the principles and practices of preparing a causal research design in qualitative research. It argues that a good causal research design is one that (1) poses a causal research question, (2) identifies what is at stake in answering this question, (3) describes the key concepts and variables, (4) offers a causal hypothesis, (5) accounts for competing explanations, (6) outlines plans for data collection and analysis, (7) plans for contingencies, and (8) discusses why the researcher is the right person to carry out this research. The chapter also considers potential challenges that researchers may encounter in designing and executing causal analyses, including the interrelated nature of the research design decisions and the need for subsequent revisions to the design in the field, and suggests practical steps that researchers can take to address these difficulties and succeed in their research.
Power Dynamics between Researcher and Subject
Authors: Ayrton Rachel 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In qualitative research, the researcher and the relationships they develop with research subjects are an integral part of generating knowledge about the social world. These relationships are imbued with power, influencing the findings of research. This chapter presents a case for “power-conscious” research, which recognizes power as an inevitable facet of social relationships. This approach seeks to understand and observe the microdynamics of power in research relationships and to create reciprocal spaces where both researchers and research subjects can exercise power and negotiate the terms of their involvement. Understanding how power operates in the process of research contributes significantly to the knowledge generated and can work toward cultivation of more just power relations in wider society.
Considering Collaboration as Part of Your Research Design
Authors: Gellman Mneesha 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Collaborative methodology is a mode of working with, rather than on, research stakeholders. This chapter discusses the strengths and challenges of a methodological framework that contributes to decolonizing the social sciences while increasing rigor and accuracy. Recognizing the extractive ways that information has been taken from historically and contemporarily marginalized communities by scholars across the academy, this chapter addresses ways that researchers can work with stakeholders to design mutually beneficial projects. It shares reflections on a multimethod, comparative work carried out with the Yurok Tribe of Northern California and addresses some of the risks and benefits of multisite collaborative methodological research.
Interviewing and Listening to Ordinary People
Authors: Cramer Katherine J 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Humans are constantly in the process of perceiving and making sense of their world. Listening to the way they talk can reveal a great deal about identities and understandings, which are both essential ingredients of political behavior. This chapter describes how to use the listening methods of interviewing individuals or inviting yourself into the conversations of groups of people to conduct research on the political behavior of ordinary people. My advice is targeted toward researchers who want to study the understandings of ordinary people. I share what I know from my past work to provide practical advice on a wide range of considerations, from what sensibility to aim for in the field, to how to present your results.
Studying Indigenous Peoples’ Politics
Authors: Falleti Tulia G. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter is written for the non-Indigenous and non-anthropologist student or social scientist who aims to study Indigenous peoples’ politics or other aspects of Indigenous cultures and nations. It reviews the main tasks and attitudes required of the non-Indigenous scholar before and during the research and dissemination of results, for their research to be, at least in part, interculturally sensitive. The chapter argues that respect, reciprocity, and a decolonizing ambition are three principles that should guide research. In highlighting the importance of studying Indigenous politics, the chapter also grapples with the question of whether non-Indigenous scholars should study Indigenous peoples’ politics and the extent to which their research is reliable. While the recommendations contained here should apply to non-Indigenous researchers who adopt any methodological approach, they will be particularly relevant to those conducting qualitative research and interacting with Indigenous peoples.
Navigating Ethical Issues and Choices in the Field
Authors: Duquette-Rury Lauren 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Researchers working with human participants must adhere to the requirements of institutional review boards (IRB) and relevant committees to proceed with qualitative data collection. But following the guiding principles of procedural ethics does not preclude ethical tensions, contradictions, and conflicts from happening when doing research. This chapter examines how a relational ethic of care offers a home base for navigating ethical ambiguities that surface while doing qualitative research. Reflecting on ethical issues and choices in the field and describing those uncomfortable and sometimes inconvenient spaces with colleagues and students, the chapter unpacks key elements in an ethical practice working with study communities and organizational partners.
Reading Closely
Authors: Ellermann Antje 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Reading closely is a skill essential for text-based data analysis, yet few social science textbooks provide researchers with guidance on how to read closely. Reading closely allows the reader to get intimately acquainted with a passage of text by reading it word-by-word or sentence-by-sentence. This chapter provides a roadmap for reading text closely by paying attention to the ways in which arguments are constructed and supported. It takes the reader through a step-by-step exercise of closely reading a government document, focused on context, positionality, frames, and alternatives. The chapter concludes with a discussion of cherry-picking as a common pitfall of reading closely.
The Role of Description
Authors: Avant Deborah 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Description plays an indispensable role in social science narratives. Though often described as “merely” a tool for generating or testing causal claims, description is valuable on its own terms. Description “tells it how it is,” but “telling it” can also affect “how it is.” Thus, description is consequential not only for what it reveals but also for charting a narrative that finds logic in cacophony—that creates common sense. This chapter provides an overview of description and how it varies, and then introduces best practices through which researchers can generate understandings around issues, attentive to both their revelatory and creative possibilities. The chapter ends by considering dilemmas associated with description.
Qualitative Social Network Analysis
Authors: Spindel Jennifer 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Qualitative social network analysis (QSNA) takes as its unit of analysis the relationships between actors. This relational approach sees agency as inherently linked to structure and provides scholars with a way to study social and political reality in dynamic, continual, and processual terms. As a methodological approach, QSNA can link micro and macro levels of analysis and is particularly good for studying change over time. The method is not without its difficulties, however. QSNA often struggles to move from description to explanation, and the requirements of data and evidence collection can be a barrier to its use. New developments in studying multiple, overlapping networks and clearer guidance on case selection can help scholars overcome these potential issues.
Process Tracing
Authors: Liu Amy H. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Despite the growing popularity of process tracing, one challenge to the method is the general absence of guidelines on how to do it. Barring some exceptions, the scholarship promotes its use in theory but provides little guidance in application. One reason for this shortcoming is the different ways researchers can use process tracing, for example, deductive versus inductive, theory-driven or case-driven. This chapter provides a step-by-step checklist specifically for developing a hypothesis-testing research design using process tracing. It illustrates the value-added of this checklist by applying it to a puzzling development in Thai party politics. Using process tracing in this manner makes it a valid and substantial tool for hypothesis testing. This practical guide should be of interest to scholars grappling with their own research designs as well as those with prior experience in case study methods.
Publishing Qualitative Research
Authors: Goodman Sara Wallace , Cyr Jennifer 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
How do you publish qualitative research in peer-reviewed journals? This chapter repositions the lens of analysis from the researcher to the editors and reviewers, that is, the individuals that handle researchers’ work and determine whether good qualitative work gets published or not. The chapter presents the results of a survey of editors from a variety of political science journals who were asked to share their perspectives on how reviewers handle qualitative submissions, to describe how their journals think about qualitative work in general, and to describe what good qualitative work looks like. Standards of good qualitative work generally converge across journal type. Specifically, reviewers identify qualitative work as “good” when it identifies a general problem, makes a clear theoretical contribution, provides an explicit research design with convincing case selection, and speaks to generality and implications of findings.
Introduction
Authors: Gilbert Neil , Chung Kyungbae 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This book examines the evolution of Korean social welfare policy in the past two decades through the lens of the “social investment state,” a model that supports capitalism and views welfare programs as measures to boost productivity. The Korean welfare state developed later, but in a much shorter time, than most of the other welfare states in the member countries of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. Since the turn of the 21st century, the scope of social welfare coverage and the fiscal capacity to pay for these benefits advanced as the economy rapidly matured, with gross domestic product per capita more than doubling in two decades. At the same time, the Korean population has been rapidly aging due to a precipitous decline in the fertility rate and a steep rise in life expectancy, which is placing increasing demands on the welfare state.
The Inclusive Welfare State in Korea
Authors: Cho Heung-Seek 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In early September 2018, the newly elected president of South Korea, Moon Jae-in, presented his “big picture” of a social policy balanced with economic policy and declared the new government’s national model as being one of an innovative inclusive state (IIS). This chapter investigates the background of the emergence of the IIS and the interrelationships between concepts and terms such as income-driven growth, inclusive growth, innovation growth, and inclusive welfare. Finally, the chapter examines the challenges of the social welfare policy of the Moon Jae-in administration in the face of growing inequalities, a declining birth rate, and an aging population in Korea. The government should implement several specific policy measures as follows: (1) leading to the formation of policy discourse, (2) building a progressive tax policy and social safety net device for income—led growth, and encouraging innovation ability based on fair economy, (3) hastening the standard system for supporting dependents, (4) reducing the burden on household spending, (5) integrating the unification of unemployment and the current emergency welfare support system, (6) constructing a universal social service utilization system, and (7) expanding financial resources.
The Income Security Systems in Korea
Authors: Chung Kyungbae 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Korea introduced a series of social security programs proposed by the International Labor Organization (ILO) from the 1960s, but the need for institutional reform is emerging due to its severely low birth rate and aging population. The foundation of Korea’s income security system is the special occupational pension, which includes civil servants, soldiers, and private school teachers, and the national pension, which covers most citizens except for these special occupational pension. The national pension and basic pension form the core of Korea’s public pension system, and improvements in preparation for the aging population are being seriously discussed. Currently basic security is provided by the National Basic Livelihood Security Program. The livelihood security benefit, a core benefit of public assistance, is limited to persons meeting certain criteria, and the Korean Employment Insurance System is a compulsory social insurance system introduced in 1995. Work Injury Insurance (WII) was launched in 1964, and benefit levels of Korea’s WII are considered fairly good compared to other countries. Ten types of benefits, including the medical care benefit, are provided.
Inclusive Community Care Policies in Korea
Authors: Young-shin Jang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In early 2018, the Korean government announced its plan to introduce “community care” (community-based care service) in response to changes in the demographic and social structure of society. The government released in November 2018 a master plan to carry out pilot projects and expand key infrastructure between June 2019 and 2022 and lay the foundations for providing community care by 2025; it announced its intent to provide Universal Community Care from 2026, when Korea is expected to become a super-aged society. Under community care, the government provides institutional support for people to live in dignity and independence at home rather than in hospitals or residential care facilities. Community care must establish a connected, integrated, individual-centered system among service providers such as medical care, nursing care, welfare, and living care. Collaboration between many stakeholders in the health and welfare sectors is necessary to establish such care. As with the case of community care initiatives adopted by advanced industrial countries such as the UK and Japan, early establishment of the community-based care services system in Korea is expected to greatly contribute to building a sustainable society through efficient management of the social security budget as well as improving citizens’ quality of life by satisfying care needs.
Filial Piety
Authors: Sung Kyu Taik 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Recently, nationwide efforts have been made under joint public and private auspices to preserve the traditional values associated with respect and care for elderly people in South Korea in the face of a rapidly aging population and changes in modern family structure. This chapter presents the results of an analysis of 961 stories about adult Koreans who exemplified filial piety, the dominant cultural value in East Asian nations. Corollaries of filial piety practiced were identified, such as types of care and services provided to elderly parents, motives for filial piety, kinds of emphases given in filial duties, and sacrifices endured for parents. The most outstanding dimensions underlying filial piety were respect, responsibility, family harmony, and sacrifice. The findings provide both conceptual and practical tools for understanding and practicing filial piety.
Confident Aging
Authors: Park Sang Chul 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The unprecedented rapid increase of population aging has pressed communities worldwide to correct the image of seniors citizens. Reevaluating the dignity of seniors is an essential step for a successfully aging future society. Concepts of aging must be reassessed on the basis of findings from biological research in human aging that question the traditional strategy of “discard and replace” in the management of aging and instead introduces the principle of “confident aging,” a new version of human rights that embraces older people as vital resources, participating in and contributing to their families and communities. Given the complexity of the aging process and the influence of environment on health and disease, ongoing advances in science and technology will facilitate understanding of the aging phenomenon and ensure quality of life for seniors. The recent COVID-19 pandemic highlights the urgent need for all countries to invest in strong health systems and primary healthcare, particularly concerning the high mortality of seniors. The author recommends establishing a Post Pandemic Social Security Network (PP-SSN), a nongovernmental international organization, to promote social welfare and social justice worldwide and strengthen the human rights of older persons.
Sometimes a Little Pessimism Is Good for the Soul
Authors: Cooper-White Pamela 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter will present reflections on positive psychology from three interdisciplinary strands that have all had an influence on contemporary pastoral theology—with an interdisciplinary plea for holding onto complexity in the exploration of human flourishing. The first strand is critical theory, liberation theology, and a focus on social justice and the healing of oppression. The second is psychoanalytical theory, drawing on Freud’s essay “On Transience” and Melanie Klein’s theories on splitting, reparation, and gratitude. Third is a related appeal to the tragic dimension in postmodern theology, theodicy, and the problem of evil and to Ricoeur’s “second naiveté.” The chapter concludes with reflections on the realistic grounds for hope and a definition of human flourishing that is both contextual (transcending individualism) and paradoxical (transcending “mere” happiness).
Sanmati, the Art of “Generous Orientation”
Authors: Prasad Leela 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter will explore the notion of sanmati, translated best from Sanskrit through a semantic range that includes “goodwill,” “wisdom,” “good sense,” and “reality-mindedness.” The chapter illustrates and analyzes the praxis of sanmati through two examples. The first example consists of an ethnographic interlude from Sringeri, in south India. In the episode described, the sudden appearance of a wild leopard in the town immediately following the construction of a sacred site triggered two different tellings and interpretations of divine signage, and, exemplifying sanmati, neither narrative vied for exclusionary truth. The second example is of a modern abstract painting by the well-known Indo-French artist S. H. Raza. Titled sanmati, it creatively interprets a line from a prayer song popularized by Gandhi and expresses the line through spiritual geometry. Through the use of the narratives and the painting, the chapter presents a theoretical framework for sanmati as the art of “generous orientation.”
From the Head to the Heart
Authors: Samuels Jeffrey 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter reflects on the teaching of Buddhism and other courses for two decades at Western Kentucky University, a regional university in the center of the Bible Belt. Most of the university’s students are Kentuckians who have grown up in an evangelical tradition. Rather than approaching the subject of Buddhism through the head, the pedagogy described in this chapter shifts to using the subject matter as a way not only to open students’ hearts but also to help them achieve higher levels of happiness and find greater meaning in their lives. This chapter also includes reflections on how some of the teaching techniques used in these classes intersect with other research on human well-being and flourishing—whereby Buddhism lends itself well to the topic of human flourishing—as well as on how the techniques and pedagogical approaches have been received by students.
Lab Courses for the Humanities
Authors: McDaniel Justin Thomas 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the long tradition of Sanskrit intellectual culture to consider varied conceptions of what it means to be human and what is vital and precious in human life. It provides a description and analysis of two university courses, one titled Living Deliberately and the other titled Existential Despair. These courses were designed to help students learn about human flourishing through a blend of traditional and experimental methods. The chapter includes descriptions of the experimental pedagogical methods used. Positive student reactions to the courses are also included. Understood as part of the “eudaemonic turn,” the course can be seen as contributing to research in the fields of positive psychology, religious studies, and human flourishing.
Crusades and Kingship
Authors: Drummond Henry T. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Having established the Cantigas’ playful dynamic, this chapter turns to songs that use such devices to fulfil specific religious and ideological goals. Much of Alfonso X’s reign was devoted both to the subjugation of Muslims in Granada, and to controlling the Muslim inhabitants who lived within the Crown of Castile. The two songs discussed here embrace a crusading ideology, where Alfonso X emerges as an idealized Christian king. In CSM 345, the cantiga de miragre song structure helps promote the king as a competent warrior, skilled military strategist, and wily negotiator. Meanwhile, in CSM 348 both music and rhyme help reinforce anti-Muslim tropes that dignify the cult of Mary. It is through the serious play integral to the cantiga de miragre song form that these beliefs are internalized within their audiences, and further political dimensions—the condemnation of religious and political enemies—are implied.
Patriarchal Bargains and Nation-building in the Aftermath of Crisis
Authors: Tanyag Maria 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Chapter 4 situates restrictions to bodily autonomy in relation to the ongoing project of nation-building in the context of multiple and overlapping crises. Women’s bodies biologically and symbolically reproduce the nation, and sexual and reproductive freedoms have always been at the heart of authoritative struggles over how society and the roles and relationships within it ought to be. Thus, both access to sexual and reproductive health care and women’s status in family laws are highly political. The politics of SRHR within a given country is revelatory of ossified outcomes of often-violent negotiations over national boundaries to identity and belonging. This chapter builds on the analysis of depletion of households and communities discussed in previous chapters to draw out their continuum with the accumulation and cascading effects of depletion at the national level.
Regeneration and the Politics of Flourishing
Authors: Tanyag Maria 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Chapter 6 explores alternatives to the prevailing neoliberal logic of depletion by theorizing the concept of regeneration as a (re)imagination of a truly transformative post-crisis reconstruction made by possible by ensuring that the well-being of women and planet are at its core. The chapter makes a case for examining the linkages between sexual and reproductive freedoms and ecological security and the shared root causes that are driving the interconnected depletion of women’s bodies and the environment. It shows that regeneration as justice asks whose bodies are able to pursue what versions of the good life in the face of ecological crisis.