bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
QEEG cordance in the prediction of response to ketamine in depressive patients - interim analysis of randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sos P. , Klirova M. , Novak T. , Brunovsky M. , Horacek J. , Kohutova B. , Bares M. , Kopecek M. , Krajca V. 
Published: May 2011

ObjectiveRapid and robust antidepressant-like effect of ketamine in subanesthetic doses was already manifested in depressive patients. Maximum of mood improvement was shown within the period from 2 hours to 3 days. Previous studies proved predictive value of prefrontal QEEG theta cordance reduction after 1 week on a new antidepressant.Congruently with previous findings we hypothesised in our compressed model decrease of QEEG cordance in 10 minutes of ketamine hydrochloride infusion as the prediction of antidepressant response.Methods14 MDD patients (6F/8M) diagnosed with a moderate to severe depressive episode without psychotic symptoms were included. All of the participants received the 30 minutes lasting only infusion with subanesthetic dose of ketamine hydrochloride solution (0.54 mg/kg). EEG measurements on the baseline, after 10 and 30 minutes of infusion were taken into account in computation of QEEG cordance.Results9 (64.3%) of subjects responded to single ketamine infusion following day and 8 (88.9%) of them decreased QEEG cordance. T-test pair comparison found significant difference between baseline and after 10 minutes of ketamine infusion in responders (F = 4.12; p < 0.003).
ConclusionsPreliminary results have shown the tendency of prefrontal QEEG cordance to decrease as a ketamine response prediction. Larger sample size is needed to increased precision in estimates of cordance sensitivity and specificity. Combination of latest QEEG method and fastest-acting antidepressant-like effect of ketamine in this trail is unexampled. Supported by IGA (MH CR) No.NS10379-3, 1M0517 (MEYS CR), MZ0PCP2005 (MH CR). Local Ethics Committee approval has been granted.
The comparative efficacy of second-generation antidepressants for the accompanying symptoms of depression: a systematic review
Authors: Thaler K. , Gartlehner G. , Hansen R.A. , Morgan L.C. , Lux L.J. , Van Noord M. , Mager U. , Gaynes B.N. , Thieda P. , Strobelberger M. , Lloyd S. , Reichenpfader U. , Lohr K.N. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionClinicians treating patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) might favor one second-generation antidepressant (SGA) because of perceived benefits for the accompanying symptoms of MDD.ObjectivesTo compare the efficacy of bupropion, citalopram, desvenlafaxine, duloxetine, escitalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, mirtazapine, nefazodone, paroxetine, sertraline, trazodone, and venlafaxine for the treatment of the accompanying symptoms of MDD.MethodsThis review is part of a larger review on the comparative effectiveness of SGAs for MDD. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and the International Pharmaceutical Abstracts up to May 2010. Two persons independently reviewed the literature, abstracted data, and rated the risk of bias.ResultsWe located 26 head-to-head and 7 placebo-controlled trials that provided evidence for this review. We did not locate any studies on treating accompanying appetite change, low energy, melancholia, or psychomotor change. There was no evidence for many comparisons and we were unable to conduct quantitative analysis for any comparisons. For the comparisons that were studied, we concluded that the SGAs are similarly efficacious for treating anxiety, insomnia, pain, and somatization. The strength of the evidence for these conclusions is low (meaning further research is very likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of the effect and is likely to change the estimate).ConclusionsOur findings indicate that the existing evidence does not warrant the choice of one second-generation antidepressant over another based on greater efficacy for the accompanying symptoms of depression.
Augmentation and combination of antidepressants with each other and with antipsychotics
Authors: Timmerman L. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionNonrespons in first -line drug treatment of patients suffering from depression in psychiatric outpatient populations is a severe problem.The non respons rate is up tot 30% and the non remission rate more than 50% in the first line of treatment with antidepressants in this population.ObjectiveTo devellop more rapid and efficious drug treatment strategies in depression.AimsDuring the last few years several strategies to improve outcome in depression have been under investigation. A few have proven to be valuable.MethodsMedline search 2005–2010 into treatment resistent depression, combination therapy, augmentation therapy, drug therapy.ResultThere is growing evidence for the value of the combination of antidepressants and of combining antidepressants with antipsychotics.Treatment options as pindolol addition to antidepressants, substance P or folic acid addition do not seem of clinical significance yet.The same is true for treatment methods who directly influence the glucocorticoid system such as glucocorticoid receptor antagonists.NMDA antagonists look promising but more research into this option is needed.ConclusionsThere are two outstanding and much promising relatively new treatment options with: Combinations of antidepressants and with combinations of an antidepressant with an antipsychotic.
Reboxetine augmentation of SSRI treatment for depression: Six-week naturalistic outcomes
Authors: Mellor R. , Loveday D. , Bell D. , Davies K. , Tranter R. ,   FoLATED Study Group (HTA Ref: 04/35/08)
Published: May 2011

IntroductionAntidepressants that combine serotonergic (SSRI) and noradrenergic (NaRI) actions may have greater efficacy in treating depression than SSRI monotherapy. This theory has not been tested in any trials examining augmentation of SSRIs with a NaRI.ObjectivesDoes augmenting SSRIs with reboxetine, a NaRI, in depressed patients unresponsive to first line treatment, result in improved antidepressant efficacy?MethodsIn a naturalistic observational study, 30 patients with moderate to severe depression (ICD-10) who failed to respond to at least 20 mg of a SSRI, were augmented with reboxetine (4 mg increased to 8 mg if tolerated). BDI-II was measured before and 6 weeks after introduction of reboxetine. Changes in BDI scores were analysed using paired t-test.Results20 out of 30 patients were able to tolerate the combination of SSRI and reboxetine treatment for at least 6 weeks. There was a significant reduction in mean BDI-II scores from 36.6 at baseline to 27.2 at six weeks follow-up (t = 4.13, df = 29, p < 0.001). 13 out of 30 previously unresponsive patients showed a response (reduction in BDI score of at least 10 points) to combination treatment, with 5 patients achieving remission (BDI < 12) over the six weeks.ConclusionsReboxetine augmentation of SSRIs can be tolerated by a majority of patients and results in a significant increase in response rates. It is a treatment strategy that should be considered in patients with moderate to severe depression who fail to respond to first line treatment with an SSRI.
Impact of the number of changes of therapeutic strategy on improvement in depressed patients. dria study
Authors: Garcia-Toro M. , Valmisa E. , Galan J. , Ros S. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionThe STAR*D is a pragmatic clinical trial that showed lower remission rate and higher relapse rate when more strategies were used.[1]Objectives and aimsAssess clinical improvement in symptoms related to depression, anxiety and sleep, based on the number of strategies used.MethodsDescriptive, non-interventional, prospective study including outpatients diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) with sub-optimal response to standard antidepressants. In those patients a change on the therapeutic strategy (switch of antidepressant, combination of antidepressants, augmentation or a combination of previous strategies) had to be considered necessary. Follow-up period was 22–26 weeks.Results364 patients were included by 58 psychiatrists, 336 were analyzed (92.3%) and 315 (86.5%) completed the follow-up.[Difference last visit vs. basal]p < 0.0001 in all measuresConclusionsThe more changes on strategies used the less improvement on clinical symptoms and remission rates.This study has been sponsored by AstraZeneca Farmaceutica Spain, SA.
Parkinson's disease: Frequency of depressive syndrome
Authors: Vladejic S.D. , Vladejic S.S. 
Published: May 2011

Parkinson's disease is characterized by neurological symptoms: tremor, rigor, bradykinesia and postural instability, but psychical symptoms are also present, most frequent depression and dementia.Depression can precede neurological symptoms of disease, or be manifestation of illness itself. In literature, we find that depression major is represented in 5 – 25% of diagnosed patients, and depressive mood as isolated symptom in 40 – 60%.Purpose of this study was to determine presence of depressive syndrome in patients diagnosed with Parkinson's disease and whether this syndrome is therapeutically sensitive. Study included all patients treated with Parkinson's disease, inmate and outpatients, during the two - year period (from 01.01.2007. up to 31.01.2009.). Hamilton's Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) was used as instrument of clinical assessment for depression, and schedule neurological examinations once a month to evaluate neurological status of patients.Base - line scoring showed that almost 50% of patients had symptoms of depression; it was more frequent in elderly patients, treated with polytherapy. In follow - up period, we assessed patients after three and six months of antidepressive therapy. Results of statistic analysis showed improvement of psychic status of patients, according to HAMD score, in three quarters of followed patients. Exacerbation of neurological symptoms was not observed during the follow - up period.
Depression in old age
Authors: Vukovic B. , Markovic-Zigic D. 
Published: May 2011

Depression in older people is related to the population over 65 years. The age of depression often go with chronic illnesses, various physical and mental diseases.Depression in old age is not a natural part. In the elderly population 1.4% suffered from severe depression. Compared with the rest of the population prevalence of major depression is twice as large in the age group of 70–85 years. Less severe depression have an instance 4–13%. Twice as many women than men have depression. The prevalence of depression is particularly high in the elderly with dementia.In this report we present how many old people in Serbia suffer of depression and what is new tendence in therapy.
Evaluation of a health promotion program for reducing depression, anxiety and stress in community-dwelling older adults
Authors: Walker W. , Pierce D. , Davidson S. , Walker J. 
Published: May 2011

AimHealth education programs that address risk factors for depression and promote positive mental health are approaches that can improve mental wellbeing. We investigated the effectiveness of a health promotion program for reducing levels of depression, anxiety and stress and for promoting appropriate help-seeking behaviour.MethodsFifty-five adults 55+years (43 female, 12 male) self-selected to attend the Healthy & Wise program - a group-based, 8 × 2hr session health-literacy program for promoting positive physical, mental and social functioning in a rural setting. A questionnaire was administered at base-line and post-intervention which included the DASS-21 to measure depression, anxiety and stress levels.ResultsNo significant change in depression scores (mean = 3.60pre-3.51post). Anxiety scores increased (mean 2.92pre-3.51post) (p = .036) correlating with age (p = .029) and change in physical health status (p = .002).Stress scores increased (mean 4.81pre-5.59post) (p = .05) correlating with age (p = .033) and change in physical health status (p = .016).Most participants (pre = 96.36%, post = 98%) indicated they would be likely to seek help from a GP if depressed. Men who mainly rely on their spouse for support were more likely to seek help from a psychologist or psychiatrist (p = .038).ConclusionsThere was no significant change in DASS-21 scores for depression. There was an increase in anxiety and stress levels which may be attributable to older participants experiencing a decline in physical health during the program. Participants remained firm in their preference for seeking help from their GP for depression. Further evaluation is needed to determine whether: at-risk-populations need to be targeted; the intervention has an impact at 12-month follow-up.
Effects of positive and negative affect and emotional supression on short-term life satisfaction and depression: Considering activation of affect
Authors: Yamasaki K. , Sasaki M. , Uchida K. , Katsuma L. 
Published: May 2011

ObjectivesWe examined the effects of affect and emotional suppression (ES) on short-term life satisfaction (LS) and depression. In doing so, we considered the dimension of activation for positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA).MethodsThe final sample included the data collected from 496 undergraduate and graduate students (240 men and 256 women). Participants answered seven questionnaires for assessing activated PA and NA, ES of PA and NA, short-term LS, and depression, three of which were used for another study. All of them were Japanese versions, answered on the past week.ResultsResults from hierarchical regression analyses showed that LS was positively associated with PA and negatively with NA, but that its positive association was stronger in activated PA than deactivated PA while its negative association was stronger in deactivated NA than activated NA. Similar findings were obtained for depression. The significant interactions suggested:(1)higher scores of ES of PA weaken the positive association between activated PA and LS in both sexes;(2)higher scores of ES of NA strengthen the negative association between activated NA and LS in men and weaken the association in women; and(3)the positive association between activated NA and depression is weakened by higher scores of ES of NA in women.ConclusionThis study suggested that activated and deactivated affect differ in their relations to life satisfaction and depression. Moreover, it is likely that although ES of PA and NA influences health, its effects would be different between men and women.
Depression among final year medical students in universiti sains malaysia (USM): associated, risk and determinant factors
Authors: Yusoff M.S.B. , Abdul Rahim A.F. , Yaacob M.J. 
Published: May 2011

ObjectiveThis study interested in gathering data on the prevalence of depression and its contributing factors among final year medical students in USM.MethodsA cross-sectional study was done. A total of 187 final year medical students of the 2007/2008 batch were selected as in study subjects. The Malay Beck's Depression Inventory (M-BDI_ was administered to identify depressed students. Data were collected during housemanship course, one week after their final summative examination.ResultA total of 92 (49.2%) students responded to this survey. The percentage of depression among the students was 21.7%: approximately 19.5% with mild depression and 2.2% with moderate depression respectively. The mean M-BDI scores were found to be significantly increased among female medical students (p < 0.05), those in difficulties with peer and love relationships (p < 0.01), and those with poor general health status (p < 0.001). Logistic regression showed female students, those in difficulties with love relationship and those with poor general health were at higher risk to develop depression (X2 (df) = 26.59 (3), p < 0.001). Multi-factorial ANOVA analysis showed that two factors contribute to depression among final year medical students which were gender and general health status (F (df) = 5.934 (13), p < 0.001).ConclusionThe prevalence of depression among medical student was high. Female medical students, those in difficulties with love relationship, and poor general health status were at high risk to develop depression. Gender and general health status were determinant factors of depression among USM final year medical students.
Volition inhibitory to emotional stimuli in depression: Evidence from the antisaccade tasks
Authors: Luo X. , Chen R. , Guo W. , Zhang H. , Zhou R. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionMost previous researches indicated that impaired inhibition to emotional stimuli could be one of the important cognitive characteristics of depression individuals. The antisaccade tasks which composed of prosaccade task (PS) and antisaccade task (AS) were often used to investigate response inhibition.AimsThis study aimed to investigate the volition inhibition toward emotional stimuli in depressed mood undergraduates (DM).MethodsSubjects were grouped as 21 DM and 25 non-depressed undergraduates (ND) on the Beck Depression Inventory and Self-rating Depression Scale. The antisaccade tasks were conducted to examine the inhibition abilities by varying the arousal level of volition (low and high) of the tasks, with happy, neutral and sad facial expressions as stimuli.ResultsThe results showed that at the low volition level in the AS condition, the correct saccade latency in the DM were significant slower than the ND; The DM had reliable higher direction error rates in response to emotional facial expressions, especially for sad expressions. However, all of the differences disappeared in the high volition level antisaccade tasks. The amplitude errors data were not influenced by emotional facial expressions, and there were no group differences across tasks.ConclusionsThese results indicated the DM showed slower speed of cognitive processing and impaired inhibition abilities toward emotional faces than the ND, particularly for sad faces, but these abilities will be repaired in the high arousal level of volition, which enlighten us that training the DM's volition level of inhibition could prove to be an effective strategy to alleviate depression.
Therapeutic resistance of antidepressants
Authors: Zoric D. , Miskovic M. , Zivlak-Radulovic N. , Maglov T. , Ilic D. 
Published: May 2011

Depression is not a transient feeling of resentment, it is a disease that significantly impairs daily life. It is result of the imbalance of chemical substances in the brain, with an important role of heritage, stress and lifestyle.This paper presents a case of a patient who has had two hospital treatment in a span of 25 years, and who was treated with antidepressants both older and the newer generation, without therapeutic response. Therapeutic response was achieved with application of ECT after the first hospitalization in 1987 and remission lasted for 25 years without treatment. After 25 years, when the disease re-emerged, and the number of antidepressants on the market has increased, patient’s recovery was again absent, even she was treated with newer antidepressant. Residual symptoms are very severe, and are essential for social and professional functions.Today, despite a number of antidepressant available, 30–50% of all patients still do not have satisfactory response to initial treatment.
Eating disorders and intrasexual competition: Testing an evolutionary hypothesis among young women
Authors: Mehta S. , Abed R. , Figueredo A.J. , Aldridge S. , Balson H. , Meyer C. , Palmer R. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionCompeting theories on the aetiology of eating disorders originate from a diverse set of disciplines. One such discipline is Evolutionary Psychology which assumes that the human mind has been shaped by natural and sexual selection. Most evolutionary theories on eating disorders limit themselves to the causation of anorexia nervosa only. The Sexual Competition Hypothesis (SCH), based on the Darwinian theory of sexual selection, provides an explanatory framework for the whole spectrum of eating disorders. It contends that intense female intrasexual competition (ISC) is the ultimate cause of eating disorders. The SCH explains the phenomenon of the pursuit of thinness as an adaptation to ISC in the modern environment. It argues that eating disorders are pathological phenomena that arise from the mismatch between the modern environment and the inherited female adaptations for ISC.ObjectivesTo test predictions from a novel evolutionary hypothesis for eating disorders.Aimsi)To examine the relationship between disordered eating behaviour (DEB) and ISC in a sample of female undergraduates.ii)To establish whether there is any relationship between DEB and Life History (LH) strategy.MethodsA group of 206 female undergraduates were recruited. A structural equation model was constructed to analyse the data.ResultsISC for mates was significantly associated with DEB, as predicted by the SCH. DEB was found to be predicted by fast LH strategy, which was only partially mediated by the SCH.ConclusionsThe results of this study are supportive of the SCH and justify research on a clinical sample.
Bariatric surgery is associated with reduced psychological distress and improved sexual function in obese female patients
Authors: Assimakopoulos K. , Karaivazoglou K. , Hyphantis T. , Iconomou G. , Panayiotopoulos S. , Goula P. , Kalfarentzos F. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionObesity is a serious health issue, associated with significant medical and psychosocial co-morbidity. Bariatric surgery is a promising treatment modality however, few studies have so far investigated its impact on patients’ sexuality.AimsThe present study's aim was to determine bariatric surgery's effect on female patients’ Body Mass Index (BMI), psychological and sexual functioning.Methods59 obese female patients, scheduled to undergo weight loss operation, completed the study. Psychological functioning was measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), while sexual functioning was assessed by the Female Sexual Functioning Index (FSFI). All participants were evaluated in two consecutive time intervals, one week before surgery (T1) and one year after (T2).ResultsStatistical analysis revealed a significant reduction in BMI (p < 0.001) and depression (p < 0.001) scores, a significant improvement in sexual desire (p = 0.005), arousal (p = 0.001), lubrication (p = 0.003), satisfaction (p = 0.012) and total sexual function (p = 0.003) and a decrease in the levels of pain during intercourse (p = 0.014) postoperatively.Postoperative total sexual functioning was correlated with baseline BMI (p = 0.030) and BMI decrease (p = 0.037).ConclusionsBariatric surgery appears as an effective way to control weight and improve psychological and sexual functioning in female obese patients. Patients, who ceased to be obese postoperatively, reported the greatest level of sexual improvement, indicating that obesity treatment should focus on BMI normalization.