bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of cell wall metabolism in the pulp of three cultivars of ‘Nanfeng’ tangerine differing in mastication trait
Authors: Lei Ying , Liu Yong‐Zhong , Gu Qing‐Qing , Yang Xiao‐Yan , Deng Xiu‐Xin , Chen Jin‐Yin 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Like sweet orange (Citrus sinensis), tangerine (Citrus reticulata) is another citrus crop grown widely throughout the world. However, whether it shares a common mechanism with sweet orange in forming a given mastication trait is still unclear. In this study, three ‘Nanfeng’ tangerine cultivars, ‘Yangxiao‐26’ (‘YX‐26’) with inferior mastication trait, elite ‘YX‐26’ with moderate mastication trait and ‘Miguang’ (‘MG’) with superior mastication trait, were selected to investigate the formation mechanism of mastication trait.RESULTS: ‘MG’ had the lowest contents of total pectin, protopectin and lignin and the highest gene expression levels of citrus polygalacturonase (PG) and pectin methylesterase (PME) at the end of fruit ripening, whereas ‘YX‐26’ had the lowest water‐soluble pectin (WSP) content, the highest lignin content and the lowest PG and PME expression levels. The contents of cellulose and hemicellulose were similar among the three tangerines.CONCLUSION: The fruit mastication trait of C. reticulata was determined by the proportions of WSP and protopectin as well as lignin content, not by cellulose and hemicellulose contents. Pectin content could be a major contribution to the feeling of mastication trait, while PG and PME exhibited an important role in forming a given mastication trait according to the present results as well as previous results for C. sinensis. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of ethylene, cytokinin and physical treatments on BoPaO gene expression of harvested broccoli
Authors: Gomez‐Lobato Maria Eugenia , Civello Pedro M , Martínez Gustavo A 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Broccoli is a highly perishable vegetable that shows enhanced postharvest senescence and intense de‐greening caused by chlorophyll degradation. One of the key steps of chlorophyll catabolism is the opening of chlorophyll tretrapyrrole catalysed by pheophorbide a oxygenase (PaO). In this study the expression of a gene encoding a putative PaO was characterised under several chemical and physical treatments.RESULTS: A fragment of a gene encoding a PaO from broccoli (BoPaO) was cloned. The expression of BoPaO showed an important increment during postharvest senescence, in correlation with chlorophyll degradation. Furthermore, broccoli heads were treated with the hormones cytokinin and ethylene. Cytokinin delayed the increment in BoPaO expression, while ethylene accelerated the process. Also, several postharvest treatments were applied in order to evaluate their effect on BoPaO expression. Samples treated with modified atmosphere, hot air, UV‐C or white light showed a delay in chlorophyll degradation and de‐greening. In most cases the treatments also delayed the increment in BoPaO expression during senescence.CONCLUSION: A close correlation between chlorophyll degradation and BoPaO expression was found during broccoli senescence. This relationship was corroborated in samples treated with different hormonal and physical applications. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of temporary vocal fold injection medialization on the rate of permanent medialization laryngoplasty in unilateral vocal fold paralysis patients
Authors: Yung Katherine C. , Likhterov Ilya , Courey Mark S. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To determine whether temporary vocal fold injection affects the need for permanent medialization laryngoplasty in patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP).Study Design:Retrospective chart review.Methods:A total of 175 patients with dysphonia resulting from UVFP were identified. Patients with documented recovery of vocal fold mobility, <9 months of follow‐up after diagnosis of UVFP, previous treatment at other institutions, neoplastic disease involving the larynx, or history of radiation to the larynx were excluded. Fifty‐four patients met all inclusion/exclusion criteria. Rates of permanent medialization laryngoplasty in patients undergoing vocal fold injection were compared with those of patients who chose observation or voice therapy.Results:A total of 35% of patients underwent temporary injection medialization, and the remaining 65% chose conservative management. Five of 19 of the temporary injection medialization patients subsequently underwent permanent intervention compared to 23 of 35 of the conservative management group (P = .0131).Conclusions:UVFP patients who underwent vocal fold injection with an agent intended to provide temporary medialization were statistically significantly less likely to undergo permanent medialization laryngoplasty compared to those patients who were treated with conservative management only.
Evidence for distinct histologic profile of nasal polyps with and without eosinophilia
Authors: Payne Spencer C. , Early S. Brandon , Huyett Phillip , Han Joseph K. , Borish Larry , Steinke John W. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjective/Hypothesis:To evaluate the histology, RNA, and protein signatures of nasal polyps (NPs) in order to demonstrate specific subtypes of disease and differentiate “idiopathic” NPs based on tissue eosinophilia.Study Design:Prospective laboratory‐based study.Methods:NP tissue was obtained from patients referred to the University of Virginia Health System for sinus surgery. Histology analyses included hematoxylin‐eosin, Gomori's trichrome, toluidine blue, and chloroacetate staining. RNA and protein were extracted from tissue and cytokine transcript or protein concentrations determined.Results:Idiopathic NPs can be divided into distinct subsets characterized by absence (NE) and presence (E) of prominent eosinophilia. The validity of this distinction is supported by the demonstration that NE polyps are further distinguished by glandular hypertrophy, dense collagen deposition, and mononuclear cellular infiltrate. In contrast, E‐NP display edema, rare glandularity, and minimal collagen deposition except within the basement membrane. Total mast cell numbers were reduced in E‐NP, whereas connective tissue mast cells were increased in NE‐NP. Consistent with the distinctive pattern of increased fibrosis, NE‐NP displayed increased transforming growth factor‐β and vascular endothelial growth factor transcripts. Similarly, NE‐NPs had higher concentrations of transforming growth factor‐β, fibroblast growth factor‐β, and platelet‐derived growth factor protein.Conclusions:Idiopathic NPs can be distinguished by NE and E and are supported by the observations that these display distinct histologic, gene, and protein expression patterns. The findings suggest that as unique diseases, idiopathic NPs will require distinct therapeutic interventions.
Cultured vestibular ganglion neurons demonstrate latent HSV1 reactivation
Authors: Roehm Pamela C. , Camarena Vladimir , Nayak Shruti , Gardner James B. , Wilson Angus , Mohr Ian , Chao Moses V. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Vestibular neuritis is a common cause of both acute and chronic vestibular dysfunction. Multiple pathologies have been hypothesized to be the causative agent of vestibular neuritis; however, whether herpes simplex type I (HSV1) reactivation occurs within the vestibular ganglion has not been demonstrated previously by experimental evidence. We developed an in vitro system to study HSV1 infection of vestibular ganglion neurons (VGNs) using a cell culture model system.Study Design:basic science study.Results:Lytic infection of cultured rat VGNs was observed following low viral multiplicity of infection (MOI). Inclusion of acyclovir suppressed lytic replication and allowed latency to be established. Upon removal of acyclovir, latent infection was confirmed with reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction and by RNA fluorescent in situ hybridization for the latency‐associated transcript (LAT). A total of 29% cells in latently infected cultures were LAT positive. The lytic ICP27 transcript was not detected by reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). Reactivation of HSV1 occurred at a high frequency in latently infected cultures following treatment with trichostatin A (TSA), a histone deactylase inhibitor.Conclusions:VGNs can be both lytically and latently infected with HSV1. Furthermore, latently infected VGNs can be induced to reactivate using TSA. This demonstrates that reactivation of latent HSV1 infection in the vestibular ganglion can occur in a cell culture model, and suggests that reactivation of HSV1 infection a plausible etiologic mechanism of vestibular neuritis.
Lysis of interarytenoid synechia (Type I posterior glottic stenosis): Vocal fold mobility and airway results
Authors: Meyer Tanya K. , Wolf Jeffrey 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackground:The Type I Posterior Glottic Stenosis (PGS‐I) is a well‐described but uncommon clinical entity. Despite this, there is little known about the outcome of surgical treatment.Methods:Retrospective case series.Results:Thirteen cases met inclusion criteria. All but one patient had a tracheostomy at the time of initial evaluation. At the postoperative visit, seven patients (54%) had completely normal vocal fold motion. Of the verbal patients, 6 (50%) had normal vocal function as reported by both the patient/caregiver and the physician, and 10 (83%) patients were successfully decannulated.Conclusions:Patients with an isolated interarytenoid synechia have an excellent prognosis with regard to decannulation. Although many patients regain normal vocal fold motion and a return to their preintubation vocal function, a significant proportion can have persistent deficits in vocal fold mobility and some level of dysphonia. This report represents the largest known series of PGS‐I cases.
Deterministic aperiodic nanostructures for photonics and plasmonics applications
Authors: Dal Negro L. , Boriskina S.V. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis review focuses on the optical properties and device applications of deterministic aperiodic media generated by mathematical rules with spectral features that interpolate in a tunable fashion between periodic crystals and disordered random media. These structures are called Deterministic Aperiodic Nano Structures (DANS) and can be implemented in different materials (linear and nonlinear) and physical systems as diverse as dielectric multilayers, optical gratings, photonic waveguides and nanoparticle arrays. Among their distinctive optical properties are the formation of multi‐fractal bandgaps and characteristic optical resonances, called critical modes, with unusual localization, scaling and transport properties. The goal of the paper is to provide a detailed review of the conceptual foundation and the physical mechanisms governing the complex optical response of DANS in relation to the engineering of novel devices and functionalities. The discussion will mostly focus on passive and active planar structures with enhanced light‐matter coupling for photonics and plasmonics technologies.
Multiple solutions of semilinear degenerate elliptic boundary value problems II
Authors: Taira Kazuaki 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to study a class of semilinear degenerate elliptic boundary value problems depending on a parameter which include as particular cases the Dirichlet problem and the Robin problem. By using Schauder's fixed point theorem and the Leray–Schauder degree, we derive lower bounds on the number of solutions of our problem. The results here extend earlier theorems due to Kazdan–Warner and also Amann–Hess to the degenerate case.
Hypersexuality and pathological gambling in Parkinson's disease: A cross‐sectional case–control study
Authors: de Chazeron Ingrid , Llorca Pierre‐Michel , Chéreau‐Boudet Isabelle , Blanc Olivier , Perriot Jean , Ouchchane Lemlih , Ulla Miguel , Debilly Bérengère , Derost Philippe , Durif Franck 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackground:Substance and behavioral addictions have already been described separately or in combination in Parkinson's disease. However, no comparisons of the prevalence of addictive behaviors in patients with Parkinson's disease and the general population have been published. The objective of this study was to compare the prevalence and characteristics of addictions (gambling, hypersexuality, tobacco, and alcohol) in patients with Parkinson's disease and in a matched, paired sample from the general population.Methods:After matching for age, sex, and complete field questionnaires on addictions, we had 115 data sets.Results:No difference was observed between Parkinson's disease and control populations concerning pathological gambling (0.87% vs 0.87%, P = .99), tobacco addiction (1.7% vs 1.7%, P = .99), and alcohol dependence (2.6% vs 3.5%, P = .71). The Parkinson's disease group showed 2 cases of sexual addiction (1.7% vs 0, P = .15).Conclusions:Our results indicate that patients with Parkinson's disease do not have specific profiles for tobacco or alcohol addiction and pathological gambling compared with the general population. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Studies on the performance of the conducting polymer‐based molecular release system
Authors: Majumdar Saptarshi , Kargupta Kajari , Ganguly Saibal , Ray P. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract‘Conducting polymeric (CP) membrane based controlled molecular release under applied electrical potential’ is an important futuristic application in ‘drug delivery’. A validated Poisson‐Nernst‐Planck based framework has been used in this study for the purpose of performance mapping for such a system. Leaking of the molecules during loading time and retention of molecules at the end of each voltage cycle have been identified here as the major bottlenecks in the use of this system in a sustainable basis. Peak flux of ionic molecules delivered is a key objective to be maximized along with minimum retention and leakage. Results reveal that parameters like time of voltage span, effective diffusivity, polymer film thickness need to be tightly maintained. At the same time, a wide variety of CP‐drug combinations can be acceptable. This opens the possibilities of utilizing this system for large range of therapeutic applications for controlled drug delivery. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Microstructure, thermomechanical properties, and electrical conductivity of carbon black‐filled nylon‐12 nanocomposites prepared by selective laser sintering
Authors: Athreya Siddharth Ram , Kalaitzidou Kyriaki , Das Suman 
Published: July 2011

AbstractSelective laser sintering (SLS) is employed to fabricate a multifunctional polymer nanocomposite comprising Nylon‐12 reinforced with carbon black (CB) at a loading of 4% by weight. The heat distortion temperature (HDT), viscoelastic properties, and the electrical conductivity of this nanocomposite are compared to those obtained via extrusion injection molding (Ex‐IM). The HDT of the nanocomposites made by the two methods are found to be nearly identical. The electrical conductivity of the nanocomposite made by SLS is five orders of magnitude higher than that obtained through Ex‐IM. The storage modulus of the SLS‐processed nanocomposite is at least one order of magnitude higher than that of the nanocomposite made by Ex‐IM, for all the frequencies tested. The observed differences in properties and the effects of the processing methods on the polymer's molecular weight, its crystallization characteristics, and the dispersion of CB within the polymer matrix are investigated using X‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
The supermolecular structure of isotactic polypropylene/atactic polystyrene blends
Authors: Borysiak Slawomir 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe supermolecular structure of binary isotactic polypropylene/atactic polystyrene (iPP/PS) injection‐molded blends were studied by wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and optical microscopy. The combination of different methods gives a possibility of analysis of relation between the phase transformation in polypropylene and crystallization parameters. Effect of compatibilization of poly(styrene‐b‐ethylene‐co‐butylene‐b‐styrene) grafted with maleic anhydride (SEBS‐g‐MA) block copolymers in the iPP/PS blends on the structure, nucleation, crystal growth, solidification, and the phase morphology was analyzed. We found that the β‐crystallization tendency of polypropylene matrix can be enhanced by adding atactic polystyrene. However, the incorporation of SEBS‐g‐MA into iPP/PS blends resulted in an important decrease in β‐content of iPP. It is evident that the presence of compatibilizing agent caused a very significant reduction of the α‐spherulite growth rates and the crystal conversion as well as increases of half‐time crystallization in comparison with the iPP/PS systems. The relation between kinetic parameters of crystallization process and polymorphic structure of iPP in blend systems has been satisfactorily explained. Moreover, a strong effect of processing parameters on the β‐phase formation was observed. The results clearly show that at a higher temperature of mold and lower injection speed, the amount of β‐phase of iPP matrix slightly decreases. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Effect of long chain branching on nonisothermal crystallization behavior of polyethylenes synthesized with constrained geometry catalyst
Authors: Yang Bin , Yang Mingbo , Wang Wen‐Jun , Zhu Shiping 
Published: July 2011

AbstractNonisothermal crystallization behavior of linear and long chain branched (LCB) polyethylene (PE) samples having similar molecular weight but different long‐chain branching densities (LCBD) up to 0.44 C per 1000 carbons was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) at various scanning rates. The LCB PE samples were prepared in our high‐temperature, high‐pressure continuous stirred‐tank reactor (CSTR) system using the constrained geometry catalyst. The existence of LCB was found to affect the PE crystallization behavior considerably. The enthalpy of crystallization and the ultimate degree of crystallinity decreased with the increase of LCBD. At the relatively low cooling rates, the small amount of LCB promoted nucleation but restrained chain movement and reduced the crystal growth rate. There was ∼ 17% of crystallinity generated from a secondary crystallization. The energy barrier became significant with the LCB structure, resulting in chain diffusion limitations and lower LCB PEs overall crystallization rates than their linear counterpart. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Emulsion polymerization of pentabromobenzyl acrylate: effect of reaction parameters on the produced flame‐retardant nanoparticles
Authors: Goldshtein Jenny , Lublin‐Tennenbaum Tammy , Margel Shlomo 
Published: July 2011

AbstractFlame‐retardant nanoparticles of sizes ranging between 33 ± 6 and 460 ± 50 nm were formed by the emulsion polymerization of the pentabromobenzyl acrylate (PBBA) monomer in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate as the surfactant and potassium persulfate as the initiator. The effect of various polymerization parameters, e.g. monomer, crosslinker monomer, initiator and surfactant concentrations, on the size, size distribution and polymerization yield of the poly(pentabromobenzyl acrylate) nanoparticles produced has been elucidated. Poly(pentabromobenzyl acrylate)/polystyrene (PPBBA/PS) nanoblends containing 15% and 70% of PPBBA particles of 33 ± 6 and 460 ± 50 nm diameter were prepared by mixing the particles with a PS solution in methylene chloride, followed by evaporation of the methylene chloride from the mixture. The effect of the size and the content of the PPBBA nanoparticles in the nanoblends on the thermal stability of the PS were also elucidated. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Resistive switching characteristics of polyimides derived from 2,2′‐aryl substituents tetracarboxylic dianhydrides
Authors: Li Yueqin , Xu Huihua , Tao Xian , Qian Kejia , Fu Shuang , Ding Shijin , Shen Yingzhong 
Published: July 2011

Abstract2,2′‐Position aryl‐substituted tetracarboxylic dianhydrides including 2,2′‐bis(biphenyl)‐4,4′,5,5′‐biphenyl tetracarboxylic dianhydride and 2,2′‐bis[4‐(naphthalen‐1‐yl)phenyl)]‐4,4′,5,5′‐biphenyl tetracarboxylic dianhydride were synthesized. A new series of aromatic polyimides (PIs) were synthesized via a two‐step procedure from 3,3′,4,4′‐biphenyl tetracarboxylic dianhydride and the newly synthesized tetracarboxylic dianhydrides monomers reacting with 2,2′‐bis[4′‐(3″,4″,5″‐trifluorophenyl)phenyl]‐4,4′‐biphenyl diamine. The resulting polymers exhibited excellent organosolubility and thermal properties associated with Tg at 264 °C and high initial thermal decomposition temperatures (T5%) exceeding 500 °C in argon. Moreover, the fabricated sandwich structured memory devices of Al/PI‐a/ITO was determined to present a flash‐type memory behaviour, while Al/PI‐b/ITO and Al/PI‐c/ITO exhibited write‐once read‐many‐times memory capability with different threshold voltages. In addition, Al/polymer/ITO devices showed high stability under a constant stress or continuous read pulse voltage of − 1.0 V. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Biodegradable elastomers based on ABA triblocks: influence of end‐block crystallinity on elastomeric character
Authors: Kong Jen Fong , Lipik Vitali , Abadie Marc JM , Deen Gulam Roshan , Venkatraman Subbu S 
Published: July 2011

AbstractABA triblock copolymers, based on biodegradable monomers, namely ε‐caprolactone (CL) and L‐lactide (LLA), were synthesized and studied. The end‐blocks were mostly poly(L‐lactide) while the middle segments were a random copolymer of PCL and PLLA. Synthesis of these copolymers was performed by varying the end‐block segment length while retaining a fixed middle‐block segment length and vice versa. Nuclear magnetic resonance studies confirmed the designed structure of the copolymers and their thermal properties were studied with differential scanning calorimetry. Mechanical and thermomechanical properties were determined with an Instron tester and by dynamic mechanical analysis, respectively. The elastomeric character of the copolymers was verified by cyclic test as well as by creep and recovery measurements. Changes made to the middle‐ and end‐block segment lengths had a significant influence on the mechanical properties of the copolymers, especially their extendibility and recoverability. An increase in the crystallinity of the end‐blocks in the copolymers caused a drop in their elastomeric character. In cyclic testing, under conditions of 50% and 150% strain, copolymers with low end‐block crystallinity could recover more than 85% whereas copolymers with high crystallinity showed reduced recovery values as low as 60%. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Assessment of dysfunctional interpersonal schemas, avoidance of intimacy and lack of agency as key issues for treating narcissism: A commentary on Ronningstam's narcissistic personality disorder
Authors: Dimaggio Giancarlo 
Published: July 2011

AbstractRonningstam's compelling description of a patient with severe co‐occurrent narcissistic personality disorder and alcohol abuse is effective at proposing hypotheses about how to handle such patients' tendency to leave treatment prematurely. I suggest here that in order to have a more effective therapy and reduce the high drop‐out risk typical of these patients, (1) a careful assessment of internalized relational patterns is needed, in particular in order to detect any problem they have as regards intimacy with the therapist; (2) it is likely that fostering a premature sense of interpersonal connection with the therapist and of the need to be cured may trigger patients' tendency to withdraw from therapy; and (3) targeting an impaired sense of agency could be a first‐line therapy with such patients. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.