bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geographical variation in hotspots of stunting among under-five children in Ethiopia: A geographically weighted regression and multilevel robust Poisson regression analysis
Authors: Seifu Beminate Lemma , Tesema Getayeneh Antehunegn , Fentie Bezawit Melak , Yehuala Tirualem Zeleke , Moloro Abdulkerim Hassen , Mare Kusse Urmale 
Published: May 2024

Introduction
Childhood stunting is a global public health concern, associated with both short and long-term consequences, including high child morbidity and mortality, poor development and learning capacity, increased vulnerability for infectious and non-infectious disease. The prevalence of stunting varies significantly throughout Ethiopian regions. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the geographical variation in predictors of stunting among children under the age of five in Ethiopia using 2019 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey.

Method
The current analysis was based on data from the 2019 mini Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS). A total of 5,490 children under the age of five were included in the weighted sample. Descriptive and inferential analysis was done using STATA 17. For the spatial analysis, ArcGIS 10.7 were used. Spatial regression was used to identify the variables associated with stunting hotspots, and adjusted R2 and Corrected Akaike Information Criteria (AICc) were used to compare the models. As the prevalence of stunting was over 10%, a multilevel robust Poisson regression was conducted. In the bivariable analysis, variables having a p-value < 0.2 were considered for the multivariable analysis. In the multivariable multilevel robust Poisson regression analysis, the adjusted prevalence ratio with the 95% confidence interval is presented to show the statistical significance and strength of the association.

Result
The prevalence of stunting was 33.58% (95%CI: 32.34%, 34.84%) with a clustered geographic pattern (Moran’s I = 0.40, p<0.001). significant hotspot areas of stunting were identified in the west and south Afar, Tigray, Amhara and east SNNPR regions. In the local model, no maternal education, poverty, child age 6–23 months and male headed household were predictors associated with spatial variation of stunting among under five children in Ethiopia. In the multivariable multilevel robust Poisson regression the prevalence of stunting among children whose mother’s age is >40 (APR = 0.74, 95%CI: 0.55, 0.99). Children whose mother had secondary (APR = 0.74, 95%CI: 0.60, 0.91) and higher (APR = 0.61, 95%CI: 0.44, 0.84) educational status, household wealth status (APR = 0.87, 95%CI: 0.76, 0.99), child aged 6–23 months (APR = 1.87, 95%CI: 1.53, 2.28) were all significantly associated with stunting.

Conclusion
In Ethiopia, under-five children suffering from stunting have been found to exhibit a spatially clustered pattern. Maternal education, wealth index, birth interval and child age were determining factors of spatial variation of stunting. As a result, a detailed map of stunting hotspots and determinants among children under the age of five aid program planners and decision-makers in designing targeted public health measures.
Antimicrobial resistance and AmpC production in ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella quasipneumoniae: A retrospective study in Japanese clinical isolates
Authors: Watanabe Naoki , Watari Tomohisa , Otsuka Yoshihito , Ito Masahiko , Yamagata Kazufumi , Fujioka Miyuki 
Published: May 2024

Introduction
The study of Klebsiella quasipneumoniae, Klebsiella variicola, and AmpC production in extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Klebsiella in Japan is limited, and existing data are insufficient. This study aims to characterize Klebsiella species, determine AmpC production rates, and analyze antimicrobial resistance patterns in ESBL-producing Klebsiella isolates in Japan.

Methods
A total of 139 clinical isolates of ESBL-producing Klebsiella were collected in Japan, along with their corresponding antimicrobial susceptibility profiles. The isolates were identified using a web-based tool. ESBL genes within the isolates were identified using multiplex PCR. Screening for AmpC-producing isolates was performed using cefoxitin disks, followed by multiplex PCR to detect the presence of AmpC genes. Antimicrobial resistance patterns were analyzed across the predominant ESBL genotypes.

Results
The web-based tool identified 135 isolates (97.1%) as Klebsiella pneumoniae and 4 (2.9%) as K. quasipneumoniae subsp. similipneumoniae, with no instances of K. variicola detected. Among K. pneumoniae, the CTX-M-1 group emerged as the predominant genotype (83/135, 61.5%), followed by K. quasipneumoniae subsp. similipneumoniae (3/4, 75.0%). The CTX-M-9 group was the second most prevalent genotype in K. pneumoniae (45/135, 33.3%). The high resistance rates were observed for quinolones (ranging from 46.7% to 63.0%) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (78.5%). The CTX-M-1 group exhibited higher resistance to ciprofloxacin (66/83, 79.5%) compared to the CTX-M-9 group (18/45, 40.0%), a trend also observed for levofloxacin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Among the 16 isolates that tested positive during AmpC screening, only one K. pneumoniae isolates (0.7%) were confirmed to carry the AmpC gene.

Conclusion
Klebsiella pneumoniae with the CTX-M-1 group is the most common ESBL-producing Klebsiella in Japan and showed a low proportion of AmpC production. These isolates are resistant to quinolones and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, highlighting the challenge of managing this pathogen. The findings underscore the importance of broader research and continuous monitoring to address the resistance patterns of ESBL-producing Klebsiella.
Patient and clinician preferences for diabetes management among older adults with co-morbid HIV: A qualitative exploration
Authors: Pack Allison P. , Masters Mary Clare , O’Conor Rachel , Alcantara Kenya , Svoboda Sophia , Smith Reneaki , Yeh Fangyu , Wismer Guisselle , Wallia Amisha , Bailey Stacy C. 
Published: May 2024

Background
Older adults with HIV are at increased risk of developing certain chronic health conditions including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). As the number and complexity of conditions increases, so do treatment and health care needs. We explored patient and clinician preferences for HIV+T2DM care and perceived solutions to improving care.

Methods
We conducted an exploratory qualitative study comprised of individual in-depth interviews. Participants included English-speaking patients aged 50 and older living with HIV and T2DM and infectious disease (ID) and primary care (PC) clinicians from a large academic health center in Chicago. Thematic analysis drew from the Framework Method.

Results
A total of 19 patient and 10 clinician participants were interviewed. Many patients reported seeking HIV and T2DM care from the same clinician; they valued rapport and a ‘one-stop-shop’. Others reported having separate clinicians; they valued perceived expertise and specialty care. Nearly all clinicians reported comfort screening for T2DM and initiating first line oral therapy; ID clinicians reported placing referrals for newer, complex therapies. Patients would like educational support for T2DM management; clinicians would like to learn more about newer therapies and easier referral processes.

Conclusions
Patient-centered care includes managing T2DM from a variety of clinical settings for individuals with HIV, yet strategies are needed to better support clinicians. Future research should examine how best to implement these strategies.
Perfiles clínicos, bioquímicos y moleculares de tres neonatos de Sri Lanka con déficit de piruvato carboxilasa
Authors: Jasinge Eresha , Fernando Mihika , Indika Neluwa-Liyanage Ruwan , Ratnayake Pyara Dilani , Gamaathige Nalin , Ratnaranjith Ratnanathan , Schroeder Sabine , Jones Patricia , Volha Skrahina , Jayasena Subhashinie , Gunaratna Anusha Varuni , Ekanayake Asitha Niroshana Bandara , Rolfs Arndt 
Published: May 2024

Resumen

Objetivos
La piruvato carboxilasa (PC), una enzima mitocondrial, cataliza la conversión de piruvato, producto final de la glucólisis, en oxaloacetato, un intermediario del ciclo del ácido tricarboxílico. El déficit de piruvato carboxilasa, un trastorno raro, se manifiesta en tres fenotipos clínicos y bioquímicos: tipo de inicio neonatal (tipo A), tipo de inicio infantil (tipo B) y un tipo benigno (tipo C).

Caso clínico
Presentamos el caso de tres neonatos de Sri Lanka, incluidos dos hermanos, de dos familias no emparentadas, con déficit de piruvato carboxilasa (DPC). Los tres desarrollaron dificultad respiratoria en las primeras horas de vida. Los dos hermanos presentaron las alteraciones bioquímicas típicas del tipo B. El tercer neonato presentaba niveles normales de citrulina y lisina, niveles moderados de lactato, lesiones quísticas paraventriculares, deformidades óseas y una nueva variante homocigótica sin sentido c.2746G>C [p.(Asp916His)] en el gen PC, indicativos bioquímicos de DPC tipo A.

Conclusiones
Nuestros hallazgos indican la urgencia de realizar estudios analíticos en los neonatos que presenten taquipnea con acidosis metabólica concomitante, dado que la identificación temprana es crucial para el manejo del paciente y la prestación de consejo genético a la familia. Son necesarios más estudios para identificar los síntomas y alteraciones bioquímicas concurrentes en los diferentes fenotipos de déficit de piruvato carboxilasa.
Capacidad de detección de sobrecrecimiento bacteriano o metanogénico intestinal de los test de aliento para intolerancia a lactosa y fructosa en población adulta
Authors: Laserna Mendieta Emilio José , Martín Dominguez Verónica , Pérez Lucendo Irene , Granero Cremades Inmaculada , Ferreirós Martínez Raquel , Álvarez Malé Tomás , Sanz De Benito María Ángeles , Santander Cecilio 
Published: May 2024

Resumen

Objetivos
Los test de aliento espirado (TAE) son la principal herramienta diagnóstica en la evaluación de la malabsorción/intolerancia a fructosa (IF) y lactosa (IL) y para la detección del sobrecrecimiento bacteriano o metanógenico intestinal (SCBI/SCMI). En ocasiones, los TAE-IF/IL muestran hallazgos sugerentes de la presencia de SCBI o SCMI, pero los estudios que evalúan la fiabilidad de éstos son escasos. Nuestro objetivo es analizar la sensibilidad y especificidad de los TAE-IF/IL en la detección de SCBI y la concordancia en la identificación de SCMI.

Métodos
Estudio observacional retrospectivo donde se seleccionaron entre 652 TAE realizados mediante cromatografía de gases aquellos TAE-IF/IL y TAE-SCBI hechos en un mismo paciente en un plazo máximo de 6 semanas.

Resultados
Se encontraron 146 TAE de 67 pacientes adultos que cumplieron el criterio de selección. La especificidad para la detección de SCBI fue mejor para el TAE-IL que para TAE-IF (93,8 vs. 72,7 %). La sensibilidad fue más alta para el TAE-IF (60,0 vs. 28,6 %), porque se observó un mayor porcentaje de IF que de IL entre los pacientes con SCBI positivo (70 vs. 29 %). Para SCMI, la concordancia fue del 100 % para TAE-IL y hubo un 27 % de falsos negativos en TAE-IF.

Conclusiones
Los hallazgos de SCBI o SCMI encontrados en el TAE-IL son altamente concordantes con los obtenidos en la prueba TAE-SCBI, mientras que los TAE-IF presentan en torno a un 27 % de falsos positivos en la detección de SCBI y otro 27 % de falsos negativos en la identificación de SCMI.
A novel numerical approach to solutions of fractional Bagley-Torvik equation fitted with a fractional integral boundary condition
Authors: Aljazzazi Mazin , Maayah Banan , Djeddi Nadir , Al-Smadi Mohammed , Momani Shaher 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this work, we present a sophisticated operating algorithm, the reproducing kernel Hilbert space method, to investigate the approximate numerical solutions for a specific class of fractional Begley-Torvik equations (FBTE) equipped with fractional integral boundary condition. Such fractional integral boundary condition allows us to understand the non-local behavior of FBTE along with the given domain. The algorithm methodology depends on creating an orthonormal basis based on reproducing kernel function that satisfies the constraint boundary conditions so that the solution is finally formulated in the form of a uniformly convergent series in

ϖ

3

[

a
,
b

]

{\varpi }_{3}\left[a,b]

. From a numerical point of view, some illustrative examples are provided to determine the appropriateness of algorithm design and the effect of using non-classical boundary conditions on the behavior of solutions approach.
Torus bundles over lens spaces
Authors: Wang Oliver H. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Let p be an odd prime and let

ρ
:

ℤ
/
p

→

GL
n

⁡

(
ℤ
)

{\rho:\mathbb{Z}/p\rightarrow\operatorname{{GL}}_{n}(\mathbb{Z})}

be an action of

ℤ
/
p

{\mathbb{Z}/p}

on a lattice and let

Γ
:=

ℤ
n

⋊
ρ

ℤ

/
p

{\Gamma:=\mathbb{Z}^{n}\rtimes_{\rho}\mathbb{Z}/p}

be the corresponding semidirect product.
The torus bundle

M
:=

T
ρ
n

×

ℤ
/
p

S
ℓ

{M:=T^{n}_{\rho}\times_{\mathbb{Z}/p}S^{\ell}}

over the lens space

S
ℓ

/
ℤ
/
p

{S^{\ell}/\mathbb{Z}/p}

has fundamental group Γ.
When

ℤ
/
p

{\mathbb{Z}/p}

fixes only the origin of

ℤ
n

{\mathbb{Z}^{n}}

, Davis and Lück (2021) compute the L-groups

L
m

〈
j
〉

⁢

(

ℤ
⁢

[
Γ
]

)

{L^{\langle j\rangle}_{m}(\mathbb{Z}[\Gamma])}

and the structure set

𝒮

geo
,
s

⁢

(
M
)

{\mathcal{{S}}^{{\rm geo},s}(M)}

.
In this paper, we extend these computations to all actions of

ℤ
/
p

{\mathbb{Z}/p}

on

ℤ
n

{\mathbb{Z}^{n}}

.
In particular, we compute

L
m

〈
j
〉

⁢

(

ℤ
⁢

[
Γ
]

)

{L^{\langle j\rangle}_{m}(\mathbb{Z}[\Gamma])}

and

𝒮

geo
,
s

⁢

(
M
)

{\mathcal{{S}}^{{\rm geo},s}(M)}

in a case where

E
¯

⁢
Γ

{\underline{E}\Gamma}

has a non-discrete singular set.
Geometric approach to the Moore–Penrose inverse and the polar decomposition of perturbations by operator ideals
Authors: Chiumiento Eduardo , Massey Pedro 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We study the Moore–Penrose inverse of perturbations by a proper symmetrically-normed ideal of a closed range operator on a Hilbert space. We show that the notion of essential codimension of projections gives a characterization of subsets of such perturbations in which the Moore–Penrose inverse is continuous with respect to the metric induced by the operator ideal. These subsets are maximal satisfying the continuity property, and they carry the structure of real analytic Banach manifolds, which are acted upon transitively by the Banach–Lie group consisting of invertible operators associated with the ideal. This geometric construction allows us to prove that the Moore–Penrose inverse is indeed a real bianalytic map between infinite-dimensional manifolds. We use these results to study the polar decomposition of closed range operators from a similar geometric perspective. At this point we prove
that operator monotone functions are real analytic in the norm of any proper symmetrically-normed ideal. Finally, we show that the maps defined by the operator modulus and the polar factor in the polar decomposition of closed range operators are real analytic fiber bundles.
Self-creation Without Natural Limits? On a Certain Blindness in Richard Rorty’s Anti-authoritarian Pragmatism
Authors: Müller Martin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This article argues that Richard Rorty’s philosophy has a blind spot regarding our relationship with nature. It examines his distinct version of pragmatism to find ways to address this shortcoming. Rorty’s antirepresentational “pragmatism as anti-authoritarianism” and its anthropocentric character are discussed. His linguistic instrumentalism is problematized since it entails an unapologetic Baconian view of knowledge as power and nature as a manipulable object. While Rorty’s Darwinian image of the human being somewhat relativizes this Baconian humanism, it does not address the dependence of the human species on its natural environment. According to the romantic dimension in Rorty, the human being is rather exalted, and the imperative of infinite self-creation ignores natural limits. However, there are valuable resources in Rorty’s philosophy that can limit this imperative and his instrumentalism. For instance, Rorty’s anti-authoritarianism reminds us of the moral responsibility of choice about (our) nature. Furthermore, his inclusivist ethic of solidarity implies the potential extension beyond the human species. Lastly, his notion of philosophy as cultural politics could foster democratic discussion on the pressing issues of technological advance.
Some observations on ℐ-statistically pre-Cauchy sequences of complex uncertain variables defined by Orlicz functions
Authors: Tripathy Binod Chandra , Kişi Ömer , Das Birojit 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this research article, we introduce

ℐ

{\mathcal{I}}

-statistically pre-Cauchy sequences of complex uncertain variables in five different aspects of
uncertainty, namely: in mean, in measure, in distribution, in almost sure, and in uniformly almost sure. We also explore the connection between

ℐ

{\mathcal{I}}

-statistically
pre-Cauchy sequences and

ℐ

{\mathcal{I}}

-statistically
convergent sequences using complex uncertain variables. Additionally, we initiate the study of

ℐ

{\mathcal{I}}

-statistically pre-Cauchy sequences of
complex uncertain variables through Orlicz functions.
“Eish it’s getting really interesting”: borrowed interjections in South African English
Authors: Unuabonah Foluke Olayinka , Mabena Mampoi Irene 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This article offers a descriptive account of seven interjections, eish, yho, tjo, sho, hayi, hau, and mxm, which are adopted from different local South African languages into South African English. It investigates the frequencies, orthography, syntactic position, collocational forms and discourse-pragmatic roles of these seven interjections, through the lens of pragmatic borrowing and postcolonial corpus pragmatics. The data were retrieved from the South African segment of the Global Web-based English corpus and underwent quantitative and qualitative analysis. The findings indicate that the interjections are all emotive interjections, which mostly express negative emotions, except hayi, which is a phatic interjection that is largely used to show disapproval of some information. All the interjections favour clause-initial position except mxm, which is a loan interjection that represents the kiss-teeth or suck-teeth oral gesture that is common in some parts of Africa and the Caribbean. The article affirms that these loaned interjections accentuate the distinction of South African English from other varieties of English.
The role of organic rice farm income on farmer household welfare: Evidence from Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Triyono Triyono , Al Qudsi Muhammad Fahmi Faruqi , Rahmawati Nur , Rozaki Zuhud , Kamarudin Mohd Fauzi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The study aims to know the farmer’s income from organic rice farming and farmer household income, to determine the welfare of farmer households. This research was conducted by data collection from 70 farmers’ households. The data analysis was used for the estimation of the farmer household income exchange rate and good service ratio. The results showed that the farmers are not yet prosperous. Further analysis to determine the role of organic rice farming for farming households has received less attention from researchers. Regarding this study, on-farm income derived from organic rice farming has a role as income contribution about 34.71% on the welfare of farmer households, classified as moderate.
Preparation of composite based on MXene-Ti3C2 and coconutshell-derived activated carbon for desalination of brackish water
Authors: Thom Nguyen Thi , Ha Hoang Thai , Thu Vu Thi , Nam Pham Thi , Anh Nguyen Tuan , Thanh Dinh Thi Mai , Shuib Raa Khimi , Lam Tran Dai 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
MXenes is a new two-dimensional material which is gaining more attention in recent years for applications in catalysis, energy storage, and environmental remediation. In this study, MXene-Ti3C2 is synthesized from precursor MAX-Ti3AlC2 via etching method and then combined with coconutshell-derived activated carbon to provide a highly conductive and porous composite. The composite will be later employed as electrode materials in capacitive deionization for water desalination. The results have shown an increase in specific capacitance by 3.7 times in the composite (0.5 wt% MXene-Ti3C2) when compared with pure activated carbon. These promising results have proved the possibility to use MXenes-based composites for desalination and other treatment techniques for salted water.
Where are the missing boatyards? Steaming pits as boat building sites in the Nordic Bronze Age
Authors: Ling Johan , Fauvelle Mikael , Austvoll Knut Ivar , Bengtsson Boel , Nordvall Linn , Horn Christian 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The boat stands out as a prominent symbol of the Nordic Bronze Age, depicted at thousands of rock art sites and on several metal objects throughout Scandinavia. Paradoxically, direct evidence of these boats is scarce, and the locations where boats were constructed remain largely elusive. In this paper, we put forth the proposition that many ostensibly mislabelled cooking pits along the coast might actually be remnants of steaming pits employed in boat building. By drawing on analogous parallels from ethnography and examining three Bronze Age cases from the western coast of Sweden and Eastern Norway, we hypothesize that sizable pits near the sea, characterized by fire-cracked stones and charcoal, are indicative of prehistoric boat building sites. Additionally, these results align with a broader objective of our paper, aiming to challenge the prevailing terrestrial narrative in archaeology, which has impeded the interpretive potential for comprehending maritime societies throughout prehistory.
Investigation of structural properties of Nd3+ doped ZnO to produce capable dye sensitized solar cells
Authors: Anthony Dass Abi Belvia , Singarayar Bharathi Bernadsha , Subban Senthil 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this present work we report the impact of employing the neodymium (Nd) to influence the structure and morphology of ZnO. To discern the efficiency of Nd doped ZnO in DSSCs, its properties are investigated. Undoped ZnO and Nd doped ZnO were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis method. Structural and morphological studies of the obtained samples were collected through XRD and HR-TEM. The change in the bandgap is observed from UV analysis due to the introduction of Nd ions on the surface of ZnO. Comparing to undoped ZnO, Nd doped ZnO sample exhibits better results. Dye sensitized solar cells were fabricated using N719 dye, redox electrolyte and counter electrode (platinum). The efficiencies of undoped and doped DSSCs were calculated. After the fabrication and simulation of DSSCs, the outcomes and efficiencies of the undoped and neodymium doped ZnO solar cells were studied to choose the better anode to fabricate dye sensitized solar cells.