bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost-effectiveness analysis of bevacizumab combined with lomustine in the treatment of progressive glioblastoma using a Markov model simulation analysis
Authors: Chen Zhaoyan , Tian Fangyuan , Zhang Ying 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundProgressive glioblastoma (GBM) is a malignancy with extremely poor prognosis. Chemotherapy is one of the approved systemic treatment modalities. The aim of this study is to assess the cost-effectiveness of using bevacizumab (BEV) in combination with lomustine (LOM) regimen for the treatment of progressive glioblastoma in China.MethodsThe estimation results are derived from a multicenter randomized phase III trial, which demonstrated improved survival in GBM patients receiving BEV+LOM combination therapy. To calculate the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) from the perspective of Chinese society, a Markov model was established. Univariate deterministic analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analysis were employed to address the uncertainties within the model.ResultsCompared to LOM monotherapy, the total treatment cost for BEV+LOM combination therapy increased from $2,646.70 to $23,650.98. The health-adjusted life years (QALYs) for BEV+LOM combination therapy increased from 0.26 QALYs to 0.51 QALYs, representing an increment of 0.25 QALYs. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was $84,071.12. The cost-effectiveness curve indicates that within the willingness-to-pay (WTP) range of $35,906 per QALY, BEV+LOM combination therapy is not a cost-effective treatment option for unresectable malignant pleural mesothelioma patients.ConclusionsTaken as a whole, the findings of this study suggest that, from the perspective of payers in China, BEV+LOM combination therapy as a first-line treatment for GBM is not a cost-effective option. However, considering the survival advantages this regimen may offer for this rare disease, it may still be one of the clinical treatment options for this patient population.
Consequences of geographical accessibility to post-exposure treatment for rabies and snakebite in Africa: a mini review
Authors: Faust Aurélia , Ray Nicolas 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionRabies and snakebite envenoming are two zoonotic neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) transmitted to humans by animal bites, causing each year around 179,000 deaths and are most prevalent in Asia and Africa. Improving geographical accessibility to treatment is crucial in reducing the time from bite to treatment. This mini review aims to identify and synthesize recent studies on the consequences of distance and travel time on the victims of these diseases in African countries, in order to discuss potential joint approaches for health system strengthening targeting both diseases.MethodsA literature review was conducted separately for each disease using Pubmed, Google Scholar, and snowball searching. Eligible studies, published between 2017 and 2022, had to discuss any aspect linked to geographical accessibility to treatments for either disease in Africa.ResultsTwenty-two articles (8 on snakebite and 14 on rabies) were eligible for data extraction. No study targeted both diseases. Identified consequences of low accessibility to treatment were classified into 6 categories: (1) Delay to treatment; (2) Outcome; (3) Financial impacts; (4) Under-reporting; (5) Compliance to treatment, and (6) Visits to traditional healers.Discussion and conclusionGeographical access to treatment significantly influences the burden of rabies and snakebite in Africa. In line with WHO's call for integrating approaches among NTDs, there are opportunities to model disease hotspots, assess population coverage, and optimize geographic access to care for both diseases, possibly jointly. This could enhance the management of these NTDs and contribute to achieving the global snakebite and rabies roadmaps by 2030.
Acceptance of the use of silver fluoride among Brazilian parents of children with special health care needs
Authors: Potgieter N. , Pereira V. , Elias R. , Charone S. , Groisman S. 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundChildren with special health care needs including Down Syndrome, Autism Spectrum Disorder and Down Syndrome experience difficulties in receiving dental treatment. Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) and Silver Fluoride (SF) are a minimally invasive treatments options to arrest dental caries without sedation; local or general anaesthesia (GA).AimEvaluation of Brazilian's parents' acceptance of the use of SF in CSHCN.MethodsAfter receiving education on SF, 100 Parents of CSHCN completed a questionnaire concerning their acceptance of SF, in different dental situation.ResultMajority of parents (74,5%) agreed to the use of SF for their children. SF was more acceptable on posterior teeth (74,5%) when compared to its use on anterior teeth (43,1%). Parents accepted to use SF in order: to reduce infection and pain (82,4%); to avoid dental injection (72,5%) and treatment under GA (84,3%). The Majority of parents accepted the properties of SF (82,4%) and Silver (80,4%).ConclusionSilver Fluoride was accepted as a treatment option for caries, by Brazilian parents of CSHCN. SF should be considered as a treatment option for caries limited to dentine for CSHCN, taking into consideration the individual needs and opinions with regard to aesthetics and exposure to fluoride and silver.
CIEMER in action: from development to application of a co-creative, interdisciplinary exergame design process in XR
Authors: Retz Celina , Klotzbier Thomas Jürgen , Ghellal Sabiha , Schott Nadja 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionMotor-cognitive learning is crucial for achieving and maintaining wellbeing. Exergames can effectively facilitate this type of learning due to their inherent qualities of exertion and game-related disciplines. These qualities can create effectiveness, enjoyment, and meaning in the lives of individuals. To address these aspects equally, the design process for exergame interventions needs to be interdisciplinary from the beginning.ObjectiveThis paper aims to (1) enhance an exergame design process model for interdisciplinary co-creation (CIEM) by an Extended Reflection part (CIEMER). Furthermore, it aims to (2) show a formal process for making the abstract model applicable. In doing so, (3) this paper will also derive methods for conducting the process in an academic seminar.MethodsThe study employed the CIEMER to conduct a 2-month academic seminar with 20 students. The seminar consisted of a 3-day intensive workshop, a 6-week work phase, and a 1-week testing phase, creating four Extended Reality prototypes. We used a mixed methods approach to evaluate the model, including feedback interviews with external experts, internal surveys, and written reflections from student designers.ResultsFour motor-cognitive learning prototypes in Extended Reality were created using the CIEMER. External expert evaluations highlighted the prototypes’ alignment with effective, enjoyable, and meaningful objectives and potential efficacy while noting shortcomings in discipline-specific theoretical application. Internal feedback from students, collected via surveys and reflections, consistently showed positive outcomes in interdisciplinary collaboration and learning, underscoring the importance of an integrated approach in achieving project goals.ConclusionThe formal process within CIEMER effectively yielded four promising prototypes, demonstrating its sufficiency. Students positively acknowledged the benefits of interdisciplinary collaboration, finding it supportive and competence-enhancing. Additionally, the Extended Reflections enabled rapid and targeted iterations, streamlining the reflection of the current state and Creation process.
Toward a sustainable agricultural system in China: exploring the nexus between agricultural science and technology innovation, agricultural resilience and fiscal policies supporting agriculture
Authors: Qun Wan , Ranran Chao , Jingsuo Li , Khan Nawab 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionThis study delves into the intricate dynamics between fiscal policies supporting agriculture and the non-linear influence of agricultural science and technology innovation on enhancing agricultural resilience. We conducted research across 31 provinces (including autonomous regions and municipalities) in China from 2007 to 2021.MethodBy constructing the evaluation index system of agricultural resilience, the entropy value method is used to measure the value of agricultural resilience, and then standard deviation ellipse and center of gravity migration analysis, benchmark regression model, heterogeneity analysis, threshold regression model are used to analyze the relationship between agricultural science and technology innovation, fiscal policies supporting agriculture and agricultural resilience.Result(1) The analysis of the spatio-temporal evolution trend shows that the overall development of China’s agricultural resilience is relatively stable, the resilience range is expanding, and the geographical area with the southeast as the center of gravity presents a stronger pulling effect; (2) The benchmark regression model shows that agricultural science and technology innovation has a significant positive effect on agricultural resilience; (3) Agricultural science and technology innovation plays a nonlinear role in increasing agricultural resilience when fiscal policies supporting agriculture are used as a threshold variable. (4) Heterogeneity analysis highlights stronger promotion of agricultural resilience through science and technology innovation in non-main producing areas and economically underdeveloped regions.DiscussionTo address this, policymakers should leverage the resilience of the Southeast, boost innovation capacity, tailor innovation to local needs, and reinforce fiscal policies supporting agriculture. These insights provide valuable direction for policymakers in crafting effective measures to enhance agricultural resilience.
Role of immunotherapy in treatment refractory chordomas: review of current evidence
Authors: Alexander A. Yohan , Dhawan Sanjay , Venteicher Andrew S. 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionChordomas are aggressive tumors that are thought to arise from remnants of the embryological notochord. They can arise along the ventromedial aspect of the sacrum, mobile spine, and clivus—with most cases occurring in the sacrum or skull base. Despite surgery and radiation, chordomas often progress and become refractory to further treatment. The high recurrence rate of chordomas has created an urgent need to develop new systemic treatment options. Recent case reports and clinical trials have highlighted the use of immunotherapy for refractory chordomas. In this review, we summarize the results of these studies and discuss the potential role of immunotherapy for chordomas.MethodsThe PUBMED database was queried for studies mentioning both “Chordoma” and “Immunotherapy.” All case series and case reports that involved administration of an immunotherapy for chordoma were included. Additional studies that were found during literature review were added. ClinicalTrials.Gov was queried for studies mentioning both “Chordoma” and “Immunotherapy.” The final cohort consisted of all clinical trials that utilized immunotherapy for chordomas of any location.ResultsEight case reports and series detailing the use of immunotherapy for treatment refractory chordoma were identified. Most patients received immunotherapy targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction, and two patients received therapy targeting this interaction along with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor pazopanib. One patient received a vaccine derived from autologous tumor cells, and one patient received a viral vector that downregulated the effect of TGF-beta. One clinical trial utilized a brachyury vaccine in conjunction with standard of care radiotherapy.ConclusionsImmunotherapy for chordoma is a promising area of investigation with increasing, but small, numbers of case series and clinical trials. Despite challenges in patient accrual, future directions in chordoma immunotherapy may lie in vaccine-based therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Understanding chordoma heterogeneity and microenvironment will likely elucidate important chordoma features that will inform future clinical trial design.
Health and Economic Benefits of Complying With the World Health Organization Air Quality Guidelines for Particulate Matter in Nine Major Latin American Cities
Authors: Madaniyazi Lina , Alpízar Jefferson , Cifuentes Luis Abdón , Riojas-Rodríguez Horacio , Hurtado Díaz Magali , de Sousa Zanotti Stagliorio Coelho Micheline , Abrutzky Rosana , Osorio Samuel , Carrasco Escobar Gabriel , Valdés Ortega Nicolás , Colistro Valentina , Roye Dominic , Tobías Aurelio 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesThis study aims to estimate the short-term preventable mortality and associated economic costs of complying with the World Health Organization (WHO) air quality guidelines (AQGs) limit values for PM10 and PM2.5 in nine major Latin American cities.MethodsWe estimated city-specific PM-mortality associations using time-series regression models and calculated the attributable mortality fraction. Next, we used the value of statistical life to calculate the economic benefits of complying with the WHO AQGs limit values.ResultsIn most cities, PM concentrations exceeded the WHO AQGs limit values more than 90% of the days. PM10 was found to be associated with an average excess mortality of 1.88% with concentrations above WHO AQGs limit values, while for PM2.5 it was 1.05%. The associated annual economic costs varied widely, between US$ 19.5 million to 3,386.9 million for PM10, and US$ 196.3 million to 2,209.6 million for PM2.5.ConclusionOur findings suggest that there is an urgent need for policymakers to develop interventions to achieve sustainable air quality improvements in Latin America. Complying with the WHO AQGs limit values for PM10 and PM2.5 in Latin American cities would substantially benefits for urban populations.
Sporting events management best practices in Kuwait: from a legal perspective
Authors: Aldarbas Ahmed 
Published: May 2024

Objectives: This research highlights the civil liability duties of sporting event organisers, and the potential risks to them due to negligence, which may cause injuries or physical or financial damage at a hosted event. The research also examines how regulators can manage their legal obligations to mitigate potential legal risks, and recommends tools that can be used to avoid harm. Method: This research relied on the descriptive and analytical approach to the relevant local laws, compared with the laws in force in several countries that regulated the activity of organizing sporting events. Results: Currently, there is no stand-alone law in Kuwait aimed at regulating the sporting event. In addition, there are a few specific guidelines for regulators. Local and foreign organizers usually apply the standards issued by international bodies and organizations for this sport. However, in many cases, the organizer is not required to adhere to these rules, especially if the host country does not organize the event. The organizer must apply all safety precautions to ensure a safe event to reduce its liability for any injuries, damages or financial losses. Conclusion: It is recommended that the Kuwaiti legislator legislate a law in a precise way that specifies the obligations of all stakeholders in any sporting activity, to limit the damage that may occur due to the lack of such legislation. The laws and rules of sports are not sufficient to determine these obligations. Organizers are also advised to obtain event insurance to reduce potential risks. The organizer needs to find the right insurance company or broker to obtain the best insurance that covers all possible risks, ensure that the insurance covers all stakeholders involved, and understand the types of injuries and losses the insurance company covers, which is always a top priority.
المراقبة الإلكترونية في التشريع الجنائي الكويتي دراسة مقارنة مع تشريعات عربية وأنجلوسكسونية
Authors: الجاركي فواز محمد , الجارالله أحمد عبداللطيف 
Published: May 2024

الأهداف: يهدف البحث إلى بيان طرق تطبيق المراقبة الإلكترونية في قانون الجزاء الكويتي وبعض القوانين العربية والأجنبية، كما يطرح نموذجاً لتطوير نظام المراقبة الإلكترونية في قانون الجزاء الكويتي. المنهج: تم استخدام الأسلوب الوصفي التحليلي حيث تم دراسة الإشكاليات في تطبيق نظام المراقبة الإلكترونية عن طريق تحليل قانون الجزاء الكويتي ومقارنته ببعض القوانين العربية والأجنبية، والبحث في أوجه القصور ومحاولة إيجاد التطبيق الأمثل الذي يحقق النفع المباشر للمحكوم عليه المطبق للنظام. النتائج: أهم ما توصل إليه البحث هو: ١- تطبيق نظام المراقبة الإلكترونية كعقوبة أصلية من خلال تعديل تشريعي في قانون الجزاء الكويتي. ٢- إن المراقبة الإلكترونية تساعد في تأهيل المحكوم عليهم بشكل أفضل. ٣- إن الحبس المنزلي وإن لم يكن المكان المثالي لإصلاحه فهو قطعاً أكثر أماناً من السجون. ٤- إن المراقبة الإلكترونية ساعدت الدول على الصعيد الاقتصادي في الحد من زيادة المنشآت المخصصة للمؤسسات العقابية. الخاتمة: بينت الدراسة مدى فاعلية نظام المراقبة الإلكترونية في الدول التي طبقتها، والتأكيد على أهمية العقوبات غير التقليدية من خلال تعديل تشريعي لقانون الجزاء الكويتي.
التشكيل الإيقاعي في شعر ابن صارة الأندلسي (542ه 1147م)
Authors: Sukkar Rawan 
Published: May 2024

الأهداف: يطمح هذا البحث إلى الوقوف على التشكيل الإيقاعي في شعر ابن صارة الأندلسي، من خلال مقاربة عيناته الخارجية والداخلية والمعنوية. لذا يسعى إلى حصر البنى الصوتية في التنظيمات العروضية والقفوية والتشكيلات البلاغية؛ للإبانة عن أهمية دلالاتها التعبيرية وما تؤديه من دور في تشكيل السياق.
المنهجية: يعتمد البحث المنهج الأسلوبي، مع استلهام نظريات التلقي، والاستعانة ببعض آليات المنهج الإحصائي. فهو يتناول الإيقاع في شعر ابن صارة تناولًا أسلوبيًا بعدّه مكونًا جوهريًا يحقق التفاعل بين الباث والمتلقي. وهو يتعقّب الإيقاع الخارجي ممثلًا بالوزن العروضي والقافية والروي، كما يقتفي تجليات الإيقاع الداخلي المتولدة بالتكرار والجناس والتوشيع، ثم يلقي الضوء على ظواهر الإيقاع المعنوي المتجلية في الطباق ومراعاة النظير.
النتائج: يبين البحث أن عناصر التشكيل الإيقاعي متناسقة مع النظم، وأن أدوارها متكاملة في إثراء المعاني وتشعيبها وتعزيز الدلالة والإيحاء ونبذ الرتابة. كما يظهر أن هذه العناصر تسهم على نحو فعال في تكثيف الموسيقى وتطويعها، بما يتلاءم والموقف التعبيري للباث، وفي خلق التماسك والانسجام على مستوى السبك.
الخلاصة: يسفر البحث عن أثر التشكيل الإيقاعي في تحفيز التفاعل، والسمو بقيم النصوص الجمالية، وإجلاء شعريتها.
فاعلية برنامج علاجي معرفي سلوكي في خفض اضطراب كَرْب ما بعد الصدمة لدى ذوي المتوفين بكورونا كوفيد 19
Authors: Alhoish Fatema Khalf 
Published: May 2024

الأهداف: هدفت الدراسة إلى التحقق من مدى فاعلية برنامج علاجي معرفي سلوكي في خفض اضطراب كَرْب ما بعد الصدمة لدى ذوي المتوفين بكورونا كوفيد - 19 عند عينة من المراهقات.
المنهجية: تعتمد الدراسة على المنهج شبه التجريبي القائم على المجموعة الواحدة. أُجْرِيتْ الدراسة على عينة تجريبية مكونة من (9 فتيات) واستخدمت الدراسة قائمة اضطراب كَرْب ما بعد الصدمة (DSM-5) من إعداد etal, 2013) Weathers &) والبرنامج العلاجي المعرفي السلوكي جرى إعداده لأغراض هذه الدراسة.
النتائج: أشارت النتائج إلى عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين أفراد المجموعة التجريبية في القياس القبلي والقياس البعدي على مقياس اضطراب ما بعد الصدمة (الأبعاد، والدرجة الكلية). هذا يشير إلى عدم فاعلية البرنامج العلاجي المعرفي السلوكي في خفض اضطراب كَرْب ما بعد الصدمة لدى ذوي المتوفين بكورونا كوفيد – 19.
الخلاصة: دلت النتيجة إلى قلة وعي بعض أفراد المجتمع العربي بدور الجانب النفسي في إدارة أزمة جائحة كورونا وضعف دور البرامج العلاجية عن بعد.
دور خوارزميات شبكات التواصل الاجتماعي في تشكيل الرأي العام الإلكتروني الأردني: معركة سيف القدس أنموذجًا
Authors: Alkawaldeh Rozana Nayef Mohammad Nour , AlAlawneh Hatem Saleem Nhar 
Published: May 2024

الأهداف: التعرف إلى مدى وعي المستخدمين الأردنيين بتأثيرات نظام الخوارزميات في إدارة المحتوى في شبكات التواصل الاجتماعي، والطرق التي اتخذوها للتقليل من حجم تأثير الخوارزميات في محتواهم الداعم للقضية الفلسطينية في أثناء معركة سيف القدس.
المنهجية: تعدّ هذهِ الدراسة من الدراسات الوصفية، واعتمدت على المنهج المسحي. تم الحصول على البيانات المطلوبة باستخدام استبانة استجاب لها (504) من المستخدمين الأردنيين لشبكات التواصل الاجتماعي في أثناء معركة سيف القدس، من خلال العينة المتاحة.
النتائج: إن الفئات العمرية الأصغر سنًا هي الفئات العمرية الأكثر وعيًا ومعرفة بوجود الخوارزميات الموجهة لدى شبكات التواصل الاجتماعي وبالتالي تأثيرها وإمكانية تدخلاتها. كما بينت النتائج أن (49.2%) من أفراد العينة اتفقوا أن التحايل على نظام الخوارزميات خلال عملية النشر عن طريق الفصل بين حروف الكلمات التي يجري الإبلاغ عنها في محتواهم باستخدام النقاط والرموز كان من أكثر الطرق فعالية.
الخلاصة: بالاستناد إلى مؤشر زيادة إدراك المستخدمين الأردنيين الأصغر سنًا بالتدخلات الخوارزمية، توصي الدراسة بالاستثمار بمعرفة الشباب الأردني الأصغر سنًا بهذا المجال من خلال زجهم في دورات أمن رقمي، وتصميم دورات في جميع المحافظات ولمختلف الأعمار بالتعاون مع مراكز الشباب الحكومية لمحو الأمية الرقمية لدى بعض فئات المجتمع الأردني.
القدرة التنبؤية لمصادر الضغوط النفسية والعوامل الخمسة الكبرى للشخصية في الشراء القهري لدى الإناث
Authors: Momani Fawwaz Ayoub , Khataibeh Seham Hassan 
Published: May 2024

الأهداف: هدفت الدراسة إلى الكشف عن القدرة التنبؤية لمصادر الضغوط النفسية والعوامل الخمسة الكبرى للشخصية في الشراء القهري.
المنهجية: استخدمت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التنبؤي. تكونت عينة الدراسة من (739) أنثى متزوجة وغير متزوجة من لواء الرمثا، اخترن بالطريقة المتيسرة. استخدم مقياس مصادر الضغوط النفسية، ومقياس العوامل الكبرى للشخصية ومقياس الشراء القهري بعد التحقق من صدقها وثباتها.
النتائج: أظهرت نتائج الدراسة أنَّ مستوى مصادر الضغوط النفسية (ككل) كان متوسطًا وعلى جميع مصادر الضغوط النفسية. وبينت النتائج أن مستوى عوامل الشخصية الكبرى لدى الإناث في لواء الرمثا كان مرتفعًا، فيما عدا عامل الشخصية العصابية فقد كان متوسطًا. وبينت نتائج الدراسة أنّ مستوى الشراء القهري على المقياس الكلي كان متوسطًا باستثناء بعد (شراء أشياء لا تحتاج إليها) فقد جاء منخفضًا. كما بينت نتائج الدراسة أن البُعد الاجتماعي لمصادر الضغوط النفسية والعوامل الخمسة الكبرى للشخصية والعمر والحالة الوظيفية قد فسرت ما نسبته (20.7%) من التباين المفسر لمتغير الشراء القهري لدى الإناث.
الخلاصة: خلصت الدراسة إلى أهمية البُعد الاجتماعي لمصادر الضغوط النفسية والعوامل الخمسة الكبرى للشخصية والعمر والحالة الوظيفية في متغير الشراء القهري. وأوصت الدراسة بضرورة تطوير برامج إرشادية للإناث لتدريبهن على استراتيجيات تسهم في التخفيف من سلوك الشراء القهري.
Scintillation and photostimulated-luminescence properties of Yb-doped SrCl2 transparent ceramics
Authors: Otake Shota , Yoshikawa Yuta , Sakaguchi Hirotaka , Kato Takumi , Nakauchi Daisuke , Kawaguchi Noriaki , Yanagida Takayuki 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We have investigated the photoluminescence (PL), scintillation, and photostimulated-luminescence (PSL) properties of Yb-doped SrCl2 transparent ceramics. The samples were prepared using the spark plasma sintering method. Emission peaks in the PL, scintillation, and PSL spectra were observed at 380 and 405 nm due to the spin-allowed and spin-forbidden 4f135d1–4f14 transitions of Yb2+, respectively. The PL quantum yield (QY) value elevated with increasing Yb concentration at 0.05%–1.0%, and the 1.0% Yb-doped SrCl2 transparent ceramic indicated the highest QY value. This concentration dependence was similar for the scintillation and PSL intensities.