bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for Depressed Adolescents: A measure to predict the course of depression in depressed youth
Authors: Gordon Michael S , Tonge Bruce , Melvin Glenn A 
Published: January 2012

Objective: Self-efficacy can be conceptualised as a person’s perception of their own ability to produce a desired outcome. Low self-efficacy has been reported to be a mediating variable in developing depression. The Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for Depressed Adolescents (SEQ-DA) is a 12-item inventory, designed to measure self-perceived ability of the young person to cope with depressive symptoms. This paper presents further information on the psychometric properties of the SEQ-DA in a clinical sample of depressed adolescents. Method: The SEQ-DA was administered to a clinical sample of 130 adolescents with a depressive disorder at baseline, at the end of 3 months of therapy and 6 months following therapy. A diagnosis of depression was made using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Aged Children. The ability of the SEQ-DA to identify those adolescents who had a diagnosis of major depressive disorder at baseline, following treatment and at 6-month follow-up was evaluated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of the SEQ-DA in this clinical sample of depressed adolescents was undertaken to establish cut-off scores of the SEQ-DA. Results: The SEQ-DA score at baseline of < 36 and following treatment of < 43 were predictive of a depressive disorder. Conclusions: The SEQ-DA is a very simple self-report measure that can be used to predict which adolescents treated for depression are likely to remain depressed, thus prompting more intensive treatment and follow-up.
Transitioning patients taking clozapine from the public to private/GP shared-care setting: Barriers and criteria
Authors: Filia Sacha L , Wheelhouse Alyson , Lee Stuart J , Main Maggie , de Castella Anthony , Wilkins Sally , Kulkarni Jayashri 
Published: January 2012

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the barriers to transitioning patients taking clozapine from the public to private psychiatrist or general practitioner (GP) shared-care setting, as well as the criteria used by staff to identify patients suitable for transitioning. Method: The experience of clinicians managing people taking clozapine was explored through circulation of a feedback questionnaire. The clozapine transition questionnaire (CTQ) was developed as the primary measure following extensive consultation with clinical staff with expertise in clozapine treatment. A total of 215 clinicians were sent questionnaires (60 community mental health service staff, 120 private psychiatrists registered to prescribe clozapine, and 35 GPs from the Bayside Health clozapine GP shared-care programme), with overall 80 (46.2%) returned. Results: Over 64% of participants had managed patients who had been transitioned from public to private psychiatrist or GP shared-care settings. Around half of these said that it was a ‘worthwhile treatment option’ and that ‘it went smoothly’ and ‘the patient was satisfied’. The most significant barriers to successful transitioning were the cost of private service, the patient’s level of disorganization, and the need for ongoing care coordination. The most important criteria for transitioning patients was compliance with medication, ability to independently attend appointments and access appropriate pharmacies to receive medication, and willingness to transition out of the public system. Conclusions: Transitioning suitable public psychiatric patients taking clozapine into private psychiatrist/GP shared-care offers an important model to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of care, but requires careful planning, preparation, and monitoring to ensure sustained success.
The role of hardship in the association between socio-economic position and depression
Authors: Butterworth Peter , Olesen Sarah C , Leach Liana S 
Published: January 2012

Objective: It is well established that socio-economic position is associated with depression. The experience of financial hardship, having to go without the essentials of daily living due to limited financial resources, may explain the effect. However, there are few studies examining the link between financial hardship and diagnosable depression at a population level. The current paper addresses this gap and also evaluates the moderating effect of age. Method: Data were from 8841 participants aged 16–85 years in Australia’s 2007 National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing. The 12-month prevalence of depressive episode was assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Measures of socio-economic position included: financial hardship, education, labour-force status, occupational skill, household income, main source of income, and area-level disadvantage. Results: Financial hardship was more strongly associated with depression than other socio-economic variables. Hardship was more strongly associated with current depression than with prior history of depression. The relative effect of hardship was strongest in late adulthood but the absolute effect of hardship was greatest in middle age. Conclusions: The results demonstrate the critical role of financial hardship in the association between socio-economic disadvantage and 12-month depressive episode, and suggest that social and economic policies that address inequalities in living standards may be an appropriate way to reduce the burden attributable to depression.
A systematic review of psychotropic drug prescribing for prisoners
Authors: Griffiths Elise V , Willis Jon , Spark M Joy 
Published: January 2012

Objective: To conduct a review of the literature on prescribing psychotropic drugs for prisoners. Methods: Articles were retrieved from nine databases, reference lists, citations, governmental prison websites, and contact with authors. The articles included were written in English, focused on adults’ time as prisoners, included at least one drug of interest, and discussed prescribing. Thirty-two articles met these inclusion criteria. Results: Five main themes were identified from the reviewed studies: polypharmacy, high-dose therapy, duration of treatment, documentation and monitoring, and issues associated with the prisoners’ environment. Conclusions: Consideration of these themes within the included studies identified areas for future research, particularly models of good practice, as numerous descriptions of poor practice exist. Policy-makers and prescribers should review current systems and practices, to ensure the care being offered to prisoners is optimal.
The impact of climate change on obsessive compulsive checking concerns
Authors: Jones Mairwen K , Wootton Bethany M , Vaccaro Lisa D , Menzies Ross G 
Published: January 2012

Objective: To investigate whether climate change has impacted on the nature of the obsessions or compulsions experienced by patients with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Methods: The sample comprised 50 patients with OCD checking subtype who had presented at the Anxiety Disorders Clinic at The University of Sydney seeking treatment during the period March 2008 to November 2009. Details of the type of obsessions and compulsions directly related to climate change phenomena were identified. Results: Fourteen of the 50 participants (28%) were identified as having OCD concerns directly related to climate change. The most frequent concerns involved electricity, water and gas wastage. Less frequent concerns included pets dying of thirst and one participant was concerned about house damage due to floors cracking, pipes leaking; roof problems and white ant activity. Compulsions included checking and rechecking pet water bowls, light switches, taps, stoves, skirting boards, pipes, roofs and wooden structures. While these behaviours are not particularly unusual for people with this condition, it was the rationale they provided for carrying them out that was surprising. Instead of checking and rechecking so as to prevent fire or flood, the rituals were specifically performed so as to reduce their global footprint, or respond to climate change-induced negative events. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that the types of obsessions and compulsions experienced by 28% of our sample were directly aligned with the current issue of climate change and the perceived dangers associated with this phenomenon. To our knowledge this represents the first documentation of the significant impact of climate change on the nature of the concerns experienced by people with OCD checking subtype. We suggest that mental health professionals need to be aware of, and assess for the presence of such concerns.
Being Authentic about Authenticity: Opportunities, Requirements, Applications, and a Progress Report on Measurement of a Key Lonerganian Notion
Authors: Helminiak Daniel A. , Feingold Barnet D. 
Published: January 2012

Bernard Lonergan has called for a methodical theology that differentiates those aspects of religion that are humanistic from those that are strictly theological, distinguishing social-science and denominational realms of inquiry. We believe that Lonergan’s notion of human authenticity is pivotal for the humanistic or social-science dimension. Hence, focusing on authenticity, we call for application of Lonergan’s thought beyond strictly theological topics, and we elaborate how social science could effectively deal with aspects of beliefs, ethics, and psychological and spiritual health, traditionally taken to be religious. Finally, we report on a project to operationalize authenticity—that is, to construct a psychometrically sophisticated questionnaire—as a means of making Lonergan’s thought accessible and useful to social-science practitioners and researchers. Bernard Lonergan a fait appel à une théologie méthodique qui différencie ces aspects de religion qui sont humanistes de ceux qui sont strictement théologiques, distinguant les secteurs d’enquêtes propres aux sciences sociales et confessionnelles. Nous croyons que la notion de Lonergan de ‘l’authenticité humaine’ est centrale aux dimensions humanistes ainsi qu’à celles des sciences sociales. De là, concentrant sur ‘l’authenticité’, nous faisons appel à l’application de la pensée de Lonergan au-delà des sujets strictement théologiques; et nous développons l’idée suivante: à savoir, comment les sciences sociales pourraient effectivement traiter des aspects de doctrine et d’éthique ainsi que ceux de santé psychologique et spirituelle—aspects qui traditionnellement ont été réservés exclusivement au domaine des réalités religieuses. Finalement, nous décrivons un projet qui met en pratique le concept de ‘l’authenticité humaine’ de Lonergan—c’est-à-dire, la construction d’un questionnaire scientifique à base de psychométrie à but de rendre la pensée de Lonergan accessible et utile aux praticien(ne)s et chargé(e)s de recherche en sciences sociales.1
Psychiatric gadfly: in search of Reginald Ellery
Authors: Kaplan Robert M 
Published: January 2012

Objective: To explore the life and contributions of Reginald Spencer Ellery (1897–1955), one of the most eminent psychiatrists in Australia between the wars. Conclusions: Ellery pioneered malariotherapy and psychoanalysis, mixed with leading intellectuals, including Max Harris, John and Sunday Reed, was a member of the Communist Party, wrote poetry and published widely on a wide range of topics. Ellery was talented, innovative, driven and highly energetic, managing a range of activities aside from his work without difficulty. While his writing talent was questioned by some, there is no doubting his influence on painters such as Albert Tucker and Sidney Nolan and his standing in the intellectual life of Melbourne. Ellery was uncompromising in his public stand on issues such as communism and psychoanalysis, but by the end of his life he was deeply disillusioned. Ellery’s autobiography, The Cow Jumped Over the Moon, confirms the impression of a restless and creative mind reluctant to be constrained by conventional orthodoxy, the most eminent Australian psychiatrist of his time. His diverse achievements and talent, now largely forgotten, deserve recognition from a profession that is rapidly losing its links with the historical past.
Establishing sensory-based approaches in mental health inpatient care: a multidisciplinary approach
Authors: Chalmers Angela , Harrison Sophie , Mollison Kade , Molloy Noel , Gray Kelly 
Published: January 2012

Objective: To reflect upon the implementation of sensory-based approaches within the environment of a psychiatric inpatient unit. Method: A literature review on sensory modulation within psychiatric inpatient care, including seclusion and restraint reduction initiatives, was conducted. A variety of sensory-based principles were planned, developed and implemented over a 3-year period. Preliminary data regarding sensory room use and acute arousal ratings within the high-dependency area were analysed. Results: Preliminary sensory room data showed a significant reduction in patient distress levels, as per consumer and clinician ratings, and that the majority of sensory room sessions were conducted by nursing staff. A significant reduction was also found for acute arousal ratings, pre to post, for the HDU engagement program. Several issues were uncovered throughout implementation of the sensory-based strategies. Conclusions: Findings indicate the importance of cultural change, compared with simply an environmental change, giving all staff and consumers the confidence to utilise a variety of sensory-based methods during times of need. Further Australian research is required to explore the positive contribution sensory modulation can potentially make across the spectrum of psychiatric settings.
An examination of Māori tamariki (child) and taiohi (adolescent) traumatic brain injury within a global cultural context
Authors: Elder Hinemoa 
Published: January 2012

Objective: This paper provides a pragmatic review of the literature to describe the size and shape of Māori tamariki (child) and taiohi (adolescent) traumatic brain injury (TBI) and highlight issues pertinent to psychiatrists. A review of the literature describing cultural aspects of international TBI research further contextualises these findings. Methodology: Literature searches using the words indigenous, ethnic, culture, native, native American, native Alaskan, native Hawaiian, Māori, aboriginal, traumatic brain injury, rehabilitation, paediatric, disparities and epidemiology were undertaken. Reference lists were also examined. Results: The literature is adult-centric and selected papers are summarised. Significant gaps in the literature were found. Recent local epidemiological studies describe Māori tamariki and taiohi as being significantly over-represented in TBI populations, with poorer outcomes including higher mortality rates. International research shows evidence of ‘minority’ culture being a risk factor for certain causes of injury and a differential rehabilitation service response. Conclusions: These findings are important for psychiatrists working with Māori. They underscore the importance of asking effectively about possible TBI history. Implications for future research to address literature gaps are evident. Kaupapa Māori rangahau (research) could be used to explore application of tikanga Māori (cultural lore) in prevention, rehabilitation and psychiatric management.
Are psychiatric Crisis Assessment and Treatment team clinicians on the psychotherapy front line?
Authors: Monshat Kaveh , Bosanac Peter , Khorsen Gail , Gaynor Nick , Nittoli Silvana , Castle David 
Published: January 2012

Objective: There is limited data on the psychological interventions used by Crisis Assessment and Treatment (CAT) team clinicians, even though practice guidelines stipulate part of their role to be the provision of counselling. This study aimed to catalogue and categorise the range of psychotherapeutic interventions utilised by clinicians of a CAT team operating within a metropolitan area. Methods: Self-report, episode of care data was collected regarding clinicians’ views of the type of psychotherapeutic intervention they employed and details of what they discussed with patients, and location and duration of interventions. Results: Thirty-two care episodes were catalogued. On average, clinicians spent 74% of their total contact time with patients engaged in psychological interventions. A wide range of strategies, drawn from a broad theoretical base, was used. Aside from general approaches aiding engagement, interventions could be classified into the following categories: meta-strategy (‘treatment about the treatment’), ‘critical’, ‘practical’, specific psychotherapeutic (cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) and others), and supportive. Conclusions: Clinicians saw themselves as spending the majority of patient contact time engaged in psychological interventions drawn from a broad theoretical base. Observational studies of what clinicians actually do and empirical investigation of the efficacy thereof may have implications for clinician training and supervision.
Stressed Out and Overcommitted! The Relationships Between Time Demands and Family Rules and Parents’ and Their Child’s Weight Status
Authors: Hearst Mary O. , Sevcik Sarah , Fulkerson Jayne A. , Pasch Keryn E. , Harnack Lisa J. , Lytle Leslie A. 
Published: January 2012

Objective. This study aimed to determine the relationship between parent time demands and presence and enforcement of family rules and parent/child dyad weight status. Method. In dyads of one child/parent per family ( N = 681 dyads) in Twin Cities, Minnesota, 2007-2008, height and weight were measured, and a survey of demographics, time demands, and family rules–related questions was taken. Parent/child dyads were classified into four healthy weight/overweight categories. Multivariate linear associations were analyzed with SAS, testing for interaction by work status and family composition ( p < .10). Results. In adjusted models, lack of family rules and difficulty with rule enforcement were statistically lower in dyads in which the parent or child was healthy weight compared with dyads in which the parent and child were both overweight (difference in family rules scores = 0.49, p = .03; difference in rule enforcement scores = 1.09, p ≤ .01). Of parents who worked full-time, healthy weight dyads reported lower time demands than other dyads (difference in time demands scores = 1.44, p = .01). Conclusions. Family experiences of time demands and use of family rules are related to the weight status of parents and children within families.
Prospective Predictors of Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
Authors: Pappas Evangelos , Wong-Tom Wing M. 
Published: January 2012

Context: Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is one of the most common overuse injuries. Objective: To assess the collective evidence of predisposing factors to PFPS. Data Sources: MEDLINE (1960–June 2010), EMBASE (1980–June 2010), and CINAHL (1982–June 2010). Study Selection: Studies were included if patients were asymptomatic at baseline testing (free of PFPS) and were prospectively followed for the development of the disorder. Only studies that assessed at least 1 variable that can be measured at a typical clinic were included. After duplicates were removed, 973 studies were assessed from their titles or abstracts, 20 from the full text, and from these, 7 met the inclusion criteria. Data Extraction: Data were extracted for age, weight, height, sample size, patient type (military vs civilian), follow-up periods, diagnostic methods, and diagnostic criteria. Means and standard deviations were extracted for all outcome variables. Results: Meta-analyses were performed for height, weight, leanness, Q angle, number of sit-ups, knee extension strength, and peak knee valgus angle during landing. Lower knee extension strength was the only variable that was predictive of PFPS ( P < 0.01). Other variables that were identified as predictive of PFPS by single studies were vertical jump, push-ups, knee flexion and hip abduction strength, thumb-to-forearm flexibility, quadriceps and gastrocnemius flexibility, genu varum, navicular drop, knee valgus moment at initial contact during landing, social support, and palliative reaction. Conclusions: It appears that anthropometric variables are not associated with PFPS, while knee extension strength deficits appear to be predictors of PFPS.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress mediating downregulated StAR and 3-beta-HSD and low plasma testosterone caused by hypoxia is attenuated by CPU86017-RS and nifedipine
Authors: Liu Gui-Lai , Yu Feng , Dai De-Zai , Zhang Guo-Lin , Zhang Can , Dai Yin 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackgroundHypoxia exposure initiates low serum testosterone levels that could be attributed to downregulated androgen biosynthesizing genes such as StAR (steroidogenic acute regulatory protein) and 3-beta-HSD (3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) in the testis. It was hypothesized that these abnormalities in the testis by hypoxia are associated with oxidative stress and an increase in chaperones of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) and ER stress could be modulated by a reduction in calcium influx. Therefore, we verify that if an application of CPU86017-RS (simplified as RS, a derivative to berberine) could alleviate the ER stress and depressed gene expressions of StAR and 3-beta-HSD, and low plasma testosterone in hypoxic rats, these were compared with those of nifedipine.MethodsAdult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control, hypoxia for 28 days, and hypoxia treated (mg/kg, p.o.) during the last 14 days with nifedipine (Nif, 10) and three doses of RS (20, 40, 80), and normal rats treated with RS isomer (80). Serum testosterone (T) and luteinizing hormone (LH) were measured. The testicular expressions of biomarkers including StAR, 3-beta-HSD, immunoglobulin heavy chain binding protein (Bip), double-strand RNA-activated protein kinase-like ER kinase (PERK) and pro-apoptotic transcription factor C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) were measured.ResultsIn hypoxic rats, serum testosterone levels decreased and mRNA and protein expressions of the testosterone biosynthesis related genes, StAR and 3-beta-HSD were downregulated. These changes were linked to an increase in oxidants and upregulated ER stress chaperones: Bip, PERK, CHOP and distorted histological structure of the seminiferous tubules in the testis. These abnormalities were attenuated significantly by CPU86017-RS and nifedipine.ConclusionDownregulated StAR and 3-beta-HSD significantly contribute to low testosterone in hypoxic rats and is associated with ER stress which mediates testis damage caused by oxygen deprivation. CPU86017-RS is potential in ameliorating hypoxia-induced testicular injuries, possibly by its calcium antagonist effects on the testis.