bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term anatomical and functional results of laparoscopic promontofixation for pelvic organ prolapse
Authors: Sabbagh Robert , Mandron Éric , Piussan Jean , Brychaert Pierre E. , Tu Le Mai 
Published: January 2010

Study Type – Therapy (case series) Level of Evidence 4OBJECTIVETo assess the long‐term anatomical and functional outcomes of laparoscopic promontofixation (LP) for pelvic organ prolapse (POP), and the long‐term safety of LP, as POP is a common problem in women of all ages, with treatment including vaginal, abdominal, laparoscopic or robot‐assisted surgical approaches.PATIENTS AND METHODSThis was a retrospective study of the first consecutive 186 women who underwent LP for POP, with or without stress urinary incontinence (SUI), from January 1998 to December 2002 in one centre. Those patients with concurrent SUI had LP with a Burch colposuspension or tension‐free vaginal tape (TVT). The recurrence rate of POP was evaluated by physical examination at follow‐up visits and by the patients, using a postal, unvalidated self‐applied questionnaire (SAQ). Patients’ urinary, sexual and digestive functions, overall satisfaction about surgery and quality of life, were evaluated with SAQ.RESULTSAll 186 patients had LP, with concomitant Burch (25) or TVT (100) procedures. The median (interquartile range) follow‐up was 60 (48–71) months. In all, 71% of the patients attended their follow‐up visits and the success rate was 92.4%. Eight patients were re‐operated because of recurrent POP. The SAQ response rate was 95%; 91.1% and 79.8% of responders were satisfied or very satisfied after their surgery, and with their quality of life, respectively; women were unsatisfied or very unsatisfied because of recurrence of POP (seven), urinary symptoms (five) or constipation (two). Patients complained of recurrent POP (10.8%), persistent or recurrent UI (27.3% of the women treated with Burch and 21.1% with TVT), and transient constipation (20%). Over half of the women (50.6%) were not sexually active and 5.4% developed dyspareunia. The long‐term complication rate was 6%; there were five vaginal mesh erosions.CONCLUSIONPOP treated with LP offers excellent long‐term results with low recurrence and morbidity rates, and a good quality of life.
Genetic and environmental influences on victims, bullies and bully‐victims in childhood
Authors: Ball Harriet A. , Arseneault Louise , Taylor Alan , Maughan Barbara , Caspi Avshalom , Moffitt Terrie E. 
Published: January 2010

Background:  Three groups of children are involved in bullying: victims, bullies and bully‐victims who are both bullies and victims of bullying. Understanding the origins of these groups is important since they have elevated emotional and behavioural problems, especially the bully‐victims. No research has examined the genetic and environmental influences on these social roles.Method:  Mother and teacher reports of victimisation and bullying were collected in a nationally representative cohort of 1,116 families with 10‐year‐old twins. Model‐fitting was used to examine the relative influence of genetics and environments on the liability to be a victim, a bully or a bully‐victim.Results:  Twelve percent of children were severely bullied as victims, 13% were frequent bullies, and 2.5% were heavily involved as bully‐victims. Genetic factors accounted for 73% of the variation in victimisation and 61% of the variation in bullying, with the remainder explained by environmental factors not shared between the twins. The covariation between victim and bully roles (r = .25), which characterises bully‐victims, was accounted for by genetic factors only. Some genetic factors influenced both victimisation and bullying, although there were also genetic factors specific to each social role.Conclusions:  Children's genetic endowments, as well as their surrounding environments, influence which children become victims, bullies and bully‐victims. Future research identifying mediating characteristics that link the genetic and environmental influences to these social roles could provide targets for intervention.
Intact inner speech use in autism spectrum disorder: evidence from a short‐term memory task
Authors: Williams David , Happé Francesca , Jarrold Christopher 
Published: January 2010

Background:  Inner speech has been linked to higher‐order cognitive processes including ‘theory of mind’, self‐awareness and executive functioning, all of which are impaired in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Individuals with ASD, themselves, report a propensity for visual rather than verbal modes of thinking. This study explored the extent to which children with ASD used inner speech or visual imagery to support recall from short‐term memory.Method:  Twenty‐five children with ASD and 20 comparison children with moderate learning disabilities completed an immediate serial recall task, in which stimuli consisted of items with either phonologically similar features, visuo‐spatially similar features or control items which were neither visuo‐spatially nor phonologically similar.Results:  ASD and comparison participants, with verbal mental ages above 7 years, recalled phonologically similar stimuli less well than control stimuli, indicating that both groups were using inner speech to recode visually presented information into a phonological code. In contrast, those participants with verbal mental ages below 7 years, whether with ASD or not, recalled visuo‐spatially similar stimuli less well than control stimuli, indicating visual rather than phonological coding. This developmental pattern mirrors that found in typically developing children.Conclusions:  Under experimental conditions, individuals with ASD use inner speech to the same extent as individuals without ASD of a comparable mental age.
The NR1 subunit of NMDA receptor regulates monocyte transmigration through the brain endothelial cell barrier
Authors: Reijerkerk Arie , Kooij Gijs , Van Der Pol Susanne M. A. , Leyen Thomas , Lakeman Kim , Van Het Hof Bert , Vivien Denis , De Vries Helga E. 
Published: January 2010

J. Neurochem.(2010)113, 447–453.AbstractNormal neuronal functioning is dependent on the blood‐brain barrier. This barrier is confined to specialized brain endothelial cells lining the inner vessel wall, and tightly controlling transport of nutrients, efflux of potentially harmful molecules and entry of immune cells into the brain. Loss of blood‐brain barrier function is an early and significant event which contributes to inflammation in the brain and subsequent progression of neuronal deficits in a number of brain disorders and has been well‐documented for the auto‐immune disease multiple sclerosis. Extravasation of cells happens by paracellular transport across the endothelial junctions, transcellularly across the endothelial cells, or both, and requires the active participation of endothelial cells. We and others have shown that this process requires the activity of proteases, including tissue‐type plasminogen activator. We here describe a novel role for NMDA receptor, a potential cellular target of tissue‐type plasminogen activator, in human brain endothelial cells. Our results show that the NMDA receptor subunit 1 (NR1) is expressed in brain endothelial cells, regulates tissue‐type plasminogen activator‐induced signal transduction and controls the passage of monocytes through the brain endothelial cell barrier. Together, our results hold significant promise for the treatment of chronic inflammation in the brain.
Using scale–area curves to quantify the distribution, abundance and range expansion potential of an invasive species
Authors: Veldtman Ruan , Chown Steven L. , McGeoch Melodie A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAim Invasive species distribution and abundance data are essential for management decisions on mitigating impacts but is seldom available. Here, we use scale–area curves to assess the distribution, abundance and consequent management implications of an invasive plant (Acacia longifolia) within selected occupancy grid cells, spread across regional ranges and representing the full national extent. We determine whether occupancy patterns are explained by climatic suitability or range structure and identify areas whereA. longifoliacan still be regarded as an important invasive based on contiguous occupancy.Location South Africa including the Fynbos, Thicket, Savanna and Grassland biomes.Methods The quarter degree occupancy ofA. longifoliawas used to select core, edge, and climatically unsuitable grid cells within different regions of the national range. Cells were surveyed across a linear resolution from 25 km to 2.5 m allowing the first multi‐scales description of an invasive species’ space‐filling properties. Patterns from grid cells in turn were viewed regionally to describe regional variation in spatial structure.Results In regions with contiguous areas of favourable habitat, scale–area curves indicated greater occupancy in core than edge areas, whereas patterns were reversed when suitable areas were more fragmented. Also, at times climatically suitable areas were unoccupied, while unsuitable areas were occupied. Within cells, occupancy was well explained by the presence of fynbos vegetation types, while nationally, contiguous occupancy was almost exclusive to the Fynbos Biome.Main conclusions Scale–area curves can advance the understanding of biological invasions and invasive plant distributions. Here, we detected potential areas of invasive concern, plus differences in abundance and distribution patterns, and associated correlates, at landscape and national scales. As there was no general relationship between range position or climatic suitability andA. longifolia’s spatial structure, we propose habitat suitability as an alternative explanation which, in turn, suggests limited range expansion potential.
Reducing QT liability and proarrhythmic risk in drug discovery and development
Authors: Valentin Jean‐Pierre 
Published: January 2010

Drug‐induced torsades de pointes (TdP), a rare, life‐threatening, polymorphic, ventricular tachycardia associated with prolongation of the QT interval, has been the main safety reason for the withdrawal of medicines from clinical use over the last decade. Most often, drugs that prolong the action potential and delay ventricular repolarization do so through blockade of outward (repolarizing) currents, predominantly the rapid delayed rectifying potassium current, IKr. While QT interval prolongation is not a safety concern per se, in a small percentage of people, it has been associated with TdP, which either spontaneously terminates or degenerates into ventricular fibrillation. Furthermore, recent data suggest that shortening of the QT interval may also be a new safety issue waiting to surface. This review article summarizes the presentations given at a symposium entitled ‘Reducing QT liability and proarrhythmic risk in drug discovery and development’, which was part of the Federation of the European Pharmacological Societies congress, Manchester, UK, 13–17 July 2008. The objective of this symposium was to assess the effects of implementing the latest regulatory guidance documents (International Conference on Harmonization S7A/B and E14), as well as new scientific and technical trends on the ability of the pharmaceutical industry to reduce and manage the QT liability and associated potential proarrhythmic risk, and contribute to the discovery and development of safer medicines. This review outlines the key messages from communications presented at this symposium and attempts to highlight some of the key challenges that remain to be addressed.This article is part of a themed section on QT safety. To view this issue visit http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/121548564/issueyear?year=2010
Experimental Study of a New Method for Early Detection of Vascular Access Stenoses: Pulse Pressure Analysis at Hemodialysis Needle
Authors: Van Canneyt Koen , Planken Robrecht Nils , Eloot Sunny , Segers Patrick , Verdonck Pascal 
Published: January 2010

AbstractHemodialysis vascular access (VA) stenosis remains a frequent complication. However, early detection is challenging and costly. The aim of this in vitro study was to assess a new detection method based on pulse pressure analysis at the hemodialysis needle. A silicon model of a radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula was built in a mock loop. Pressure profiles were measured at the arterial hemodialysis needle and in the proximal feeding artery. Stenoses (50 and 25% diameter reduction) were created proximal to the anastomosis (proximal artery) and distal to the arterial needle (distal vein and proximal vein). The pulse pressure (PP) at the needle was divided by the PP at the feeding artery to obtain a dimensionless ratio, %PP. Experiments were conducted at different blood flow (500–1200 mL/min) and heart rates (60–90 beats/min) to test this new index over a wide range of hemodynamic conditions. In the control model (no stenosis), %PP was 20.26 ± 4.55. A proximal artery 50% stenosis significantly decreased %PP to 7.69 ± 2.08 (P < 0.0001), while the presence of 50% stenosis in the distal (36.20 ± 2.12) and proximal (32.38 ± 2.17) vein led to significantly higher values of %PP (P < 0.0001). For stenosis of 25% diameter reduction in the proximal artery, the %PP decreased to 15.45 ± 2.13 (P = 0.0022) and the %PP increased with a 25% stenosis in the distal vein to 26.71 ± 3.01 (P = 0.0003) and in the proximal vein to 26.53 ± 2.67 (P = 0.0004). This in vitro study shows that the analysis of the PP at the dialysis needle is useful for early detection and localization of hemodialysis VA stenosis, independent of heart rate and flow level.
The Limits and Opportunities of Networks: Municipalities and Canadian Climate Change Policy
Authors: Gore Christopher D. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractResearch on climate change policy and politics has become increasingly focused on the actions and influence of subnational governments. In North America, this attention has been particularly focused on why subnational governments have taken action in the absence of national leadership, what effect action might have on future national climate policy, and whether the collective action of networks of municipal governments are reshaping and challenging the character of national and global climate governance. This paper examines Canadian municipal climate in light of the absence of a comprehensive and effective climate national strategy. The paper considers various reasons why local governments in Canada have not been central players in national plans, and why their actions have not been more influential nationally. The paper argues that the potential influence of Canadian municipalities on national climate policy is weak, given the loose nature of the network and the long‐held structural view that municipalities are not significant units of political analysis in national political and policy debates. The paper concludes by considering the constraints and opportunities of subnational climate networks and municipal network analysis.
Railway Dreaming: Lessons for Economic Regulators from Aboriginal Resource Management Lore
Authors: Wills‐Johnson Nick 
Published: January 2010

AbstractRailway reform in the past decade has seen the introduction of mandated third party access to track in a number of jurisdictions. This article argues that third party access changes the property rights associated with railway track, rendering it a common pool resource. As such, it is useful to ask whether the literature on the governance of common pool resources could inform the economic regulation of railways. This article suggests that it might, and draws some lessons from the common pool resource governance mechanisms traditionally used by Australia's Aborigines in managing their land that may have application within the context of the railways.
Gingival changes during pregnancy: II. Influence of hormonal variations on the subgingival biofilm
Authors: Carrillo‐de‐Albornoz Ana , Figuero Elena , Herrera David , Bascones‐Martínez Antonio 
Published: January 2010

Carrillo‐de‐Albornoz A, Figuero E, Herrera D, Bascones‐Martínez A. Gingival changes during pregnancy: II. Influence of hormonal variations on the subgingival biofilm. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37: 230–240. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐051X.2009.01514.x.AbstractAim:To determine whether the exacerbated gingival inflammation that develops in pregnant women is related to a change in the subgingival biofilm induced by the increase in hormone levels during pregnancy.Material and Methods:This open cohort study included 48 pregnant and 28 non‐pregnant women without periodontitis. Pregnant women were evaluated in the first, second and third trimester and at 3 months after delivery. Non‐pregnant women were evaluated twice, with a 6‐month interval, assessing microbiological, clinical and hormonal variables at each visit. Total anaerobic counts and frequency of detection and proportions were calculated. The Friedman test with the Bonferroni correction was used for intra‐group comparisons and Mann–WhitneyU‐tests for inter‐group assessment. Correlations were analysed by means of Spearman's rank correlation coefficient.Results:Proportions of the subgingival periodontal pathogens did not differ throughout pregnancy, although significant differences were found for all the pathogens after delivery.Porphyromonas gingivalis‐positive patients presented an increase in gingival inflammation (p<0.001) that was not related to plaque. Correlations were found between maternal hormone levels andP. gingivalisandPrevotella intermedia.Conclusion:Qualitative differences in periodontal pathogens were found from pregnancy to post‐partum. Patients harbouringP. gingivalispresented and increased gingival inflammatory status.
Aggressive periodontitis in children: a 14–19‐year follow‐up
Authors: Mros Sara Thorbert , Berglundh Tord 
Published: January 2010

Mros ST, Berglundh T. Aggressive periodontitis in children: a 14–19‐year follow‐up. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37: 283–287. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐051X.2009.01526.xAbstractAim: The objective was to assess the recurrence of disease in subjects with a history of localized aggressive periodontitis (LAP).Material and Methods: Initially, 11 children (7–13 years) with LAP were examined. Samples from the subgingival microbiota and soft tissue biopsies were obtained. Non‐surgical periodontal therapy was performed and the affected deciduous and two permanent molars were extracted. The subjects were enrolled in a recall programme within the public dental services. Fourteen to 19 years after the initial examination, the subjects were recalled for clinical and radiographic examinations.Results: The re‐examination disclosed that two of the subjects exhibited recurrence of disease with probing pocket depth6 mm and bone loss of 3–4 mm at several teeth, while another two subjects presented a limited number of sites with the disease. While bleeding on probing was a general finding in the group, no further loss of attachment was detected in seven subjects. Advanced attachment loss at the deciduous teeth as well as the presence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and its specific clone JP at the initial examination did not correlate with the recurrence of disease at the 14–19‐year follow‐up.Conclusion: Children treated for LAP do not always exhibit recurrence of periodontitis in the absence of supportive periodontal therapy over periods of 14–19 years.
Bicycle Riding and Erectile Dysfunction: A Review
Authors: Sommer Frank , Goldstein Irwin , Korda Joanna Beate 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
For many years, reports in the literature have implicated bicycle riding as causing increased risk of erectile dysfunction (ED). Perineal compression during cycling has been associated with the development of sexual complications.

Aim
To review current literature on the rationale for ED from bicycle riding and outcome of bicycle riding on erectile function and to present available research on preventative measures specifically regarding bicycle riding.

Methods
A systematic comprehensive literature review.

Results
There is a significant relationship between cycling-induced perineal compression leading to vascular, endothelial, and neurogenic dysfunction in men and the development of ED. Research on female bicyclists is very limited but indicates the same impairment as in male bicyclists. Preventative measures including use of a properly fitted bicycle, a riding style with a suitable seat position and an appropriate bicycle seat can help prevent impairment of erectile function.

Conclusions
There is a need for further research on safe bicycle and bicycle seat design and investigations that address the underlying mechanisms leading to cycling-related sexual dysfunction in both male and female bicyclists.
Fabry Disease and G6PD in Three Family Members with Priapism: Is the Nitric Oxide Pathway to Blame?
Authors: Backenroth Rebecca , Landau Ezekiel H. , Goren Miri , Raas-Rothschild Annick 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTIntroductionFabry disease is an X-linked multisystem disorder due to alpha galactosidase A deficiency leading to glycosphingolipid accumulation with a predilection for the vascular endothelium and affecting the cardiovascular, renal, and neurologic systems.AimTo report a familial cluster of priapism in three males from a family with Fabry disease and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency and discuss possible mechanisms.MethodsPatient charts, Fabry registry, and literature review.ResultsPriapism has been reported in 6 males among the 1,558 males of the Fabry registry. Eight additional case reports of priapism in patients with Fabry disease and two reports of patients with G6PD were collected from the literature. Derangement in the nitric oxide (NO) pathway, which can occur in both Fabry disease and G6PD, is suggested as a hypothesis for the priapism in our patients.ConclusionsIt is suggested that priapism should be included in the list of clinical symptoms of Fabry patients and that Fabry disease should be added to the differential diagnosis of priapism. Furthermore, the association of G6PD and Fabry disease with priapism emphasizes the need for further study to explore the role of NO metabolism in the etiology of Fabry disease manifestations.