bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lead hydrogen citrate monohydrate, Pb(C6H6O7)·H2O, formation during specimen cleaning: a cautionary mineralogical tale
Authors: Kampf A. R. , Mills S. J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractCrystal-structure analysis was used to identify crystals of Pb(C6H6O7)·H2O on a specimen of hematite pseudomorphous after magnetite from the Payύn Matrύ volcanic field, Mendoza Province, Argentina. The compound is triclinic,P, a = 6.3434(2),b= 6.4566(2), c = 12.0640(9) Å, α = 99.233(7), β = 102.810(7), γ = 101.562(7)° andZ=2.The crystal structure, refined toR1= 0.0169 for 2021 reflections[Fo>4σ(F)],consists of a zig-zag chain of 9-coordinated Pb2+atoms alongb. Chains are linked together by citrate molecules to form thick irregular layers in theabplane. The layers are linked together only by H bonds. The citrate molecule exhibits normal bond lengths and angles. The Pb2+atom exhibits markedly lopsided coordination due to the 6s2lone-electron-pair effect. The lone electron pairs on alternating sets of adjacent Pb2+atoms in the chain point towards one another.The formation of the Pb(C6H6O7)·H2O crystals was the result of specimen cleaning in citric acid. The cleaning solution was apparently contaminated through the dissolution of minor associated Pb-bearing species by the citric acid. It is important to be aware of the possibility that micro-crystals may be inadvertently grown on mineral specimens during chemical cleaning, to carefully and critically inspect paragenetic relationships especially when studying mineral specimens that may have been cleaned in chemical agents, and to be particularly aware of health risks when treating Pb-bearing minerals in aqueous citric acid solutions.
Rare earth element geochemistry of columbite-group minerals: LA-ICP-MS data
Authors: Graupner T. , Melcher F. , Gäbler H.-E. , Sitnikova M. , Brätz H. , Bahr A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractNew data on rare earth element (REE) concentrations and distribution patterns of columbite-tantalite minerals from Ta-ore provinces worldwide are presented. The REE geochemistry was studied by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Five major types of chondrite-normalized REE distribution patterns are defined for columbite-group minerals (CGM) from lithium-caesium-tantalum (LCT) pegmatites and rare-metal granites. Features to discriminate between the types include (1) the shape of the pattern (e.g. flat or concave), (2) calculated ratios between groups of the REE (e.g. heavy REEN/middle REEN), and (3) the presence and intensity of anomalies (e.g. Ce*, Eu*). Four pegmatites in central and southern Africa are used as case studies to discuss application of the types of REE patterns in individual deposits. The REE fractionation during progressive evolution of the melt in a pegmatite body (either Nb → Ta or Fe → Mn fractionation lines, or both) results in smaller heavy REEN/middle REEN ratios whereas replacement of primary CGM by secondary CGM produces modifications in the light REEN patterns and the heavy REEN/middle REEN ratios also. Critical features of REE patterns such as highly variable heavy REEN/middle REEN ratios or striking differences in the appearance of Eu anomalies are discussed considering structural data of the host minerals and the differentiation behaviour of the pegmatitic melt. In general, CGM from each individual Ta-ore province are characterized by a predominance of one type of REE distribution pattern. Consequently, these patterns are suitable for tracing the origin of tantalum ore concentrates (e.g. as a forensic tool).
Hidden story of tapiolite
Authors: Ercit T. S. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe crystal chemistry of tapiolite is more complicated than previously recognized. Perusal and synthesis of relatively recent publications reveals a ‘hidden’ story about tapiolite, one that: (1) permits quantification of the effects of Mn, Fe3+, Ti (and Sn) upon the unit-cell parameters of maximally ordered tapiolite; (2) shows that the effect of Nb = Ta substitution upon unit-cell parameters is insignificant; (3) casts doubt on the usefulness of heating experiments for accurately evaluating cation order in tapiolite; (4) suggests that rutile exsolves from tapiolite upon heating in air at lower temperatures than previously established; (5) shows that the maximum solubility of TiO2 in FeTa2O6 tapiolite during the later stages of crystallization of granitic pegmatites is ∼1 mol.%; (6) shows that the heating paths for at least some natural tapiolite samples are not necessarily linear, consisting of two sequential steps; (7) sheds doubt on the usefulness of unit-cell parameters as quantitative measures of long-range cation order, Q, in tapiolite; but (8) does show that the intensity ratio I011/I110 can provide an accurate and reasonably precise measure of cation order in tapiolite.
Minerals of the ammonioalunite—ammoniojarosite series formed on a burning coal dump at Czerwionka, Upper Silesian Coal Basin, Poland
Authors: Parafiniuk J. , Kruszewski Ł. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAmmonioalunite, ammoniojarosite and their solid-solution series found on a burning coal dump at Czerwionka, Upper Silesian Coal Basin, Poland, were examined using powder X-ray diffraction, electron probe microanalysis, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy and thermal analysis methods. The minerals occur as yellow, fine-grained crusts and botryoidal masses in the outer part of a sulphate crust found ∼1 m below the surface. The crust is composed mainly of godovikovite and tschermigite that formed by interaction of sour fire gases or solutions and waste materials beneath the surface of the burning coal dump at temperatures of at least 80—100°C. The crystals often reveal oscillatory zoning due to different Al and Fe contents in thin bands, from near end-members to extensive solid solutions. Our analyses suggest the existence in nature of a complete solid solution between ammonioalunite and ammoniojarosite. They also carry essential amounts of chlorine.
Thermal behaviour of ‘metamorphic vermiculite’ in Ca-rich ancient ceramic sherds and experimental ceramics
Authors: Rathossi C. , Tsolis-Katagas P. , Katagas C. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA ‘metamorphic vermiculite’-like phase was identified in Ca-rich ancient ceramic sherds from excavations in NW Peloponnese, Greece. Archaeometric investigations have shown that the raw materials used in the production of ancient ceramics were derived from local Plio-Pleistocene sediments. Analysis by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy showed that ‘metamorphic vermiculite’ is a common constituent phase of these sediments occurring in three texturally different types: as interstratified white mica-chlorite and chlorite-vermiculite, and white mica-(white mica-chlorite) stacks. In an attempt to elucidate the thermal transformation of ‘metamorphic vermiculite’ present in the calcareous raw materials, we produced experimental ceramics made from these local raw materials and fired them at 700, 750, 850, 950 and 1050°C in a static air furnace. The mixed-layered chlorite-vermiculite was transformed completely at ∼800°C contributing to the formation of new high-T minerals. The two other types of ‘metamorphic vermiculite’ retain their original lath-like shape up to 1050°C and only a few crystals show that they have undergone complete transformation at this temperature. In the latter crystals, numerous nanocrystals were formed sub-parallel to the former cleavages of ‘metamorphic vermiculite’ pseudomorphs, suggesting their contribution to the nucleation of high-T minerals (i.e. ferrian aluminian diopside, spinel, Fe oxides) by reactions with the available CaO. It is suggested that the firing conditions (i.e. maximum reaction temperature of 1050°C, reaction time of 1 h, oxygen atmosphere) which promote disequilibrium reactions, and the greater contribution of the white mica constituent against chlorite in some of the initial structures of ‘metamorphic vermiculite’ may be responsible for the delay of its thermal decomposition at 1050°C.
Zoned Ca-amphibole as a new marker of the Alpine metamorphic evolution of phyllites from the Jubrique unit, Alpujárride Complex, Betic Cordillera, Spain
Authors: Ruiz Cruz M. D. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractZoned Ca-amphibole from metaclastic rocks and synfolial quartz-rich veins of the Jubrique area (Alpujárride complex, Betic Cordillera, Spain), and their significance in the Alpine metamorphic evolution are described here for the first time. Typical Al-rich metapelites from this area show assemblages with white mica and chlorite, with sporadic kyanite and chloritoid. Nevertheless, some Ca-richer phyllites, fine-grained quartzites and quartz veins, show assemblages consisting of Ca-amphibole, plagioclase, epidote, titanite, chlorite and quartz. Ca-amphibole, appearing in large radial grains as well as in smaller subhedral crystals, displays a zonation with actinolite cores, overgrown by magnesiohomblende (and edenite) and minor tschermakite (and pargasite or hastingsite). The zoning suggests growth during prograde metamorphism. Retrogressive rims are variably developed in the several lithotypes. General zonation is well described in terms of the tschermakite, the edenite and the Fe3+Al-1, the MgFe2+-1, the NaK-1 and the OHCl-1 exchanges. Chemical parameters (IVAl, A(Na+K), BNa) indicate an evolution from low- to medium-grade temperature and pressure. The Al-in-amphibole thermobarometer provides a range of prograde temperatures between ∼300°C (for cores) and ∼600°C (for rims), for pressures from ∼1 to ∼6 kbar, respectively. Despite the uncertainty resulting from the fact that the thermobarometer used was calibrated for metabasites, amphibole defines a prograde pressure-temperature path typical of Barrovian-type metamorphism.
Homoharringtonine reduced Mcl-1 expression and induced apoptosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Chen Rong , Guo Lei , Chen Yuling , Jiang Yingjun , Wierda William G. , Plunkett William 
Published: October 2010

AbstractHomoharringtonine (HHT) is a plant alkaloid that inhibits the elongation phase of translation that is currently in clinical trials. Because the intrinsically short-lived antiapoptotic protein myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) has been reported to support the survival of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells, we hypothesized that inhibition of protein synthesis by HHT would decrease Mcl-1 expression and induce apoptosis in CLL. In primary CLL cells, HHT induced significant apoptosis independent of the prognostic characteristics of the patients. This was associated with inhibition of translation and decreased Mcl-1 levels in CLL cells. Mcl-1 reduction was evident as early as 2 hours and continued to decrease in the next 6-8 hours, whereas cell death started in 2 hours and continued to increase for 24 hours. Reduction of the Mcl-1 level was due to translation inhibition and proteasome degradation rather than to transcription inhibition or caspase cleavage. HHT and the transcription inhibitor SNS-032 induced synergistic cell killing. Although stromal cells induced Mcl-1 expression and protected CLL cells from the toxicity of fludarabine, this induction was reversed by HHT, which overcame stromal cell–mediated protection. Thus, these results provide a rationale for clinical development of HHT in CLL as single agent or in combinations.
A novel role for IL-22R1 as a driver of inflammation
Authors: Savan Ram , McFarland Adelle P. , Reynolds Della A. , Feigenbaum Lionel , Ramakrishnan Karthika , Karwan Megan , Shirota Hidekazu , Klinman Dennis M. , Dunleavy Kieron , Pittaluga Stefania , Anderson Stephen K. , Donnelly Raymond P. , Wilson Wyndham H. , Young Howard A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe interleukin (IL)–22R1 chain of the heterodimeric IL-22 receptor is not expressed on normal leukocytes, but this receptor is expressed on T cells from anaplastic lymphoma kinase–positive (ALK+) anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) patients. To investigate the consequences of aberrant expression of this receptor on lymphocytes, we generated transgenic mice that express IL-22R1 on lymphocytes. The health of these animals progressively deteriorated at 8 to 12 weeks of age, as they displayed respiratory distress, rough coat and sluggish movement, and subsequent lethality due to multiorgan inflammation. The IL-22R1 transgenic animals developed neutrophilia that correlated with increased levels of circulating IL-17 and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. In addition, these mice had increased serum IL-22 levels, suggesting that T cells expressing IL-22R1 generate IL-22 in a positive autoregulatory loop. As a result of the mouse model findings, we analyzed circulating cytokine levels in ALK+ALCL patients and detected elevated levels of IL-22, IL-17, and IL-8 in untreated patient samples. Importantly, IL-22 and IL-17 were undetectable in all patients who were in complete remission after chemotherapy. This study documents a previously unknown role of IL-22R1 in inflammation and identifies the involvement of IL-22R1/IL-22 in ALK+ALCL.
Notch2 signaling is required for proper mast cell distribution and mucosal immunity in the intestine
Authors: Sakata-Yanagimoto Mamiko , Sakai Toru , Miyake Yasuyuki , Saito Toshiki I. , Maruyama Haruhiko , Morishita Yasuyuki , Nakagami-Yamaguchi Etsuko , Kumano Keiki , Yagita Hideo , Fukayama Masashi , Ogawa Seishi , Kurokawa Mineo , Yasutomo Koji , Chiba Shigeru 
Published: October 2010

AbstractNotch receptor-mediated signaling is involved in the developmental process and functional modulation of lymphocytes, as well as in mast cell differentiation. Here, we investigated whether Notch signaling is required for antipathogen host defense regulated by mast cells. Mast cells were rarely found in the small intestine of wild-type C57BL/6 mice but accumulated abnormally in the lamina propria of the small-intestinal mucosa of the Notch2-conditional knockout mice in naive status. When transplanted into mast cell–deficient Wsh/Wsh mice, Notch2-null bone marrow-derived mast cells were rarely found within the epithelial layer but abnormally localized to the lamina propria, whereas control bone marrow-derived mast cells were mainly found within the epithelial layer. After the infection of Notch2 knockout and control mice with L3 larvae of Strongyloides venezuelensis, the abundant number of mast cells was rapidly mobilized to the epithelial layer in the control mice. In contrast, mast cells were massively accumulated in the lamina propria of the small intestinal mucosa in Notch2-conditional knockout mice, accompanied by impaired eradication of Strongyloides venezuelensis. These findings indicate that cell-autonomous Notch2 signaling in mast cells is required for proper localization of intestinal mast cells and further imply a critical role of Notch signaling in the host-pathogen interface in the small intestine.
Immune modulation by Fas ligand reverse signaling: lymphocyte proliferation is attenuated by the intracellular Fas ligand domain
Authors: Lückerath Katharina , Kirkin Vladimir , Melzer Inga Maria , Thalheimer Frederic B. , Siele Dagmar , Milani Wiebke , Adler Thure , Aguilar-Pimentel Antonio , Horsch Marion , Michel Geert , Beckers Johannes , Busch Dirk H. , Ollert Markus , Gailus-Durner Valerie , Fuchs Helmut , Hrabĕ de Angelis Martin , Staal Frank J. T. , Rajalingam Krishnaraj , Hueber Anne-Odile , Strobl Lothar J. , Zimber-Strobl Ursula , Zörnig Martin 
Published: October 2010

AbstractFas ligand (FasL) not only induces apoptosis in Fas receptor-bearing target cells, it is also able to transmit signals into the FasL-expressing cell via its intracellular domain (ICD). Recently, we described a Notch-like proteolytic processing of FasL that leads to the release of the FasL ICD into the cytoplasm and subsequent translocation into the nucleus where it may influence gene transcription. To study the molecular mechanism underlying such reverse FasL signaling in detail and to analyze its physiological importance in vivo, we established a knockout/knockin mouse model, in which wild-type FasL was replaced with a deletion mutant lacking the ICD. Our results demonstrate that FasL ICD signaling impairs activation-induced proliferation in B and T cells by diminishing phosphorylation of phospholipase C γ, protein kinase C, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. We also demonstrate that the FasL ICD interacts with the transcription factor lymphoid-enhancer binding factor-1 and inhibits lymphoid-enhancer binding factor-1–dependent transcription. In vivo, plasma cell numbers, generation of germinal center B cells, and, consequently, production of antigen-specific immunoglobulin M antibodies in response to immunization with T cell–dependent or T cell–independent antigen are negatively affected in presence of the FasL ICD, suggesting that FasL reverse signaling participates in negative fine-tuning of certain immune responses.
Patient-derived C-terminal mutation of FANCI causes protein mislocalization and reveals putative EDGE motif function in DNA repair
Authors: Colnaghi Luca , Jones Mathew J. K. , Cotto-Rios Xiomaris M. , Schindler Detlev , Hanenberg Helmut , Huang Tony T. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare familial genome instability syndrome caused by mutations in FA genes that results in defective DNA crosslink repair. Activation of the FA pathway requires the FA core ubiquitin ligase complex-dependent monoubiquitination of 2 interacting FA proteins, FANCI and FANCD2. Although loss of either FANCI or FANCD2 is known to prevent monoubiquitination of its respective partner, it is unclear whether FANCI has any additional domains that may be important in promoting DNA repair, independent of its monoubiquitination. Here, we focus on an FA-I patient-derived FANCI mutant protein, R1299X (deletion of 30 residues from its C-terminus), to characterize important structural region(s) in FANCI that is required to activate the FA pathway. We show that, within this short 30 amino acid stretch contains 2 separable functional signatures, a nuclear localization signal and a putative EDGE motif, that is critical for the ability of FANCI to properly monoubiquitinate FANCD2 and promote DNA crosslink resistance. Our study enable us to conclude that, although proper nuclear localization of FANCI is crucial for robust FANCD2 monoubiquitination, the putative FANCI EDGE motif is important for DNA crosslink repair.
The kinetics of αIIbβ3 activation determines the size and stability of thrombi in mice: implications for antiplatelet therapy
Authors: Stolla Moritz , Stefanini Lucia , Roden R. Claire , Chavez Massiel , Hirsch Jessica , Greene Teshell , Ouellette Timothy D. , Maloney Sean F. , Diamond Scott L. , Poncz Mortimer , Woulfe Donna S. , Bergmeier Wolfgang 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Two major pathways contribute to Ras-proximate-1–mediated integrin activation in stimulated platelets. Calcium and diacyglycerol-regulated guanine nucleotide exchange factor I (CalDAG-GEFI, RasGRP2) mediates the rapid but reversible activation of integrin αIIbβ3, while the adenosine diphosphate receptor P2Y12, the target for antiplatelet drugs like clopidogrel, facilitates delayed but sustained integrin activation. To establish CalDAG-GEFI as a target for antiplatelet therapy, we compared how each pathway contributes to thrombosis and hemostasis in mice. Ex vivo, thrombus formation at arterial or venous shear rates was markedly reduced in CalDAG-GEFI−/− blood, even in the presence of exogenous adenosine diphosphate and thromboxane A2. In vivo, thrombosis was virtually abolished in arterioles and arteries of CalDAG-GEFI−/− mice, while small, hemostatically active thrombi formed in venules. Specific deletion of the C1-like domain of CalDAG-GEFI in circulating platelets also led to protection from thrombus formation at arterial flow conditions, while it only marginally increased blood loss in mice. In comparison, thrombi in the micro- and macrovasculature of clopidogrel-treated wild-type mice grew rapidly and frequently embolized but were hemostatically inactive. Together, these data suggest that inhibition of the catalytic or the C1 regulatory domain in CalDAG-GEFI will provide strong protection from athero-thrombotic complications while maintaining a better safety profile than P2Y12 inhibitors like clopidogrel.
Identification of a novel A4GALT exon reveals the genetic basis of the P1/P2 histo-blood groups
Authors: Thuresson Britt , Westman Julia S. , Olsson Martin L. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe A4GALT locus encodes a glycosyltransferase that synthesizes the terminal Galα1-4Gal of the Pk (Gb3/CD77) glycosphingolipid, important in transfusion medicine, obstetrics, and pathogen susceptibility. Critical nucleotide changes in A4GALT not only abolish Pk formation but also another Galα1-4Gal–defined antigen, P1, which belongs to the only blood group system for which the responsible locus remains undefined. Since known A4GALT polymorphisms do not explain the P1−Pk+ phenotype, P2, we set out to elucidate the genetic basis of P1/P2. Despite marked differences (P1 > P2) in A4GALT transcript levels in blood, luciferase experiments showed no difference between P1/P2-related promoter sequences. Investigation of A4GALT mRNA in cultured human bone marrow cells revealed novel transcripts containing only the noncoding exon 1 and a sequence (here termed exon 2a) from intron 1. These 5′-capped transcripts include poly-A tails and 3 polymorphic sites, one of which was P1/P2-specific among > 200 donors and opens a short reading frame in P2 alleles. We exploited these data to devise the first genotyping assays to predict P1 status. P1/P2 genotypes correlated with both transcript levels and P1/Pk expression on red cells. Thus, P1 zygosity partially explains the well-known interindividual variation in P1 strength. Future investigations need to focus on regulatory mechanisms underlying P1 synthesis.
Histidine-rich glycoprotein: the Swiss Army knife of mammalian plasma
Authors: Poon Ivan K. H. , Patel Kruti K. , Davis David S. , Parish Christopher R. , Hulett Mark D. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractHistidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG), also known as histidine-proline-rich glyco-protein, is an abundant and well-characterized protein of vertebrate plasma. HRG has a multidomain structure that allows the molecule to interact with many ligands, including heparin, phospholipids, plasminogen, fibrinogen, immunoglobulin G, C1q, heme, and Zn2+. The ability of HRG to interact with various ligands simultaneously has suggested that HRG can function as an adaptor molecule and regulate numerous important biologic processes, such as immune complex/necrotic cell/pathogen clearance, cell adhesion, angiogenesis, coagulation, and fibrinolysis. The present review covers the proposed multifunctional roles of HRG with a focus on recent findings that have led to its emergence as a key regulator of immunity and vascular biology. Also included is a discussion of the striking functional similarities between HRG and other important multifunctional proteins found in plasma, such as C-reactive protein, C1q, β2 glycoprotein I, and thrombospondin-1.