bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxide Semiconductor Thin‐Film Transistors: A Review of Recent Advances
Authors: Fortunato E. , Barquinha P. , Martins R. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractTransparent electronics is today one of the most advanced topics for a wide range of device applications. The key components are wide bandgap semiconductors, where oxides of different origins play an important role, not only as passive component but also as active component, similar to what is observed in conventional semiconductors like silicon. Transparent electronics has gained special attention during the last few years and is today established as one of the most promising technologies for leading the next generation of flat panel display due to its excellent electronic performance. In this paper the recent progress in n‐ and p‐type oxide based thin‐film transistors (TFT) is reviewed, with special emphasis on solution‐processed and p‐type, and the major milestones already achieved with this emerging and very promising technology are summarizeed. After a short introduction where the main advantages of these semiconductors are presented, as well as the industry expectations, the beautiful history of TFTs is revisited, including the main landmarks in the last 80 years, finishing by referring to some papers that have played an important role in shaping transparent electronics. Then, an overview is presented of state of the art n‐type TFTs processed by physical vapour deposition methods, and finally one of the most exciting, promising, and low cost but powerful technologies is discussed: solution‐processed oxide TFTs. Moreover, a more detailed focus analysis will be given concerning p‐type oxide TFTs, mainly centred on two of the most promising semiconductor candidates: copper oxide and tin oxide. The most recent data related to the production of complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) devices based on n‐ and p‐type oxide TFT is also be presented. The last topic of this review is devoted to some emerging applications, finalizing with the main conclusions. Related work that originated at CENIMAT|I3N during the last six years is included in more detail, which has led to the fabrication of high performance n‐ and p‐type oxide transistors as well as the fabrication of CMOS devices with and on paper.
Close Encounters of the 3D Kind – Exploiting High Dimensionality in Molecular Semiconductors
Authors: Skabara Peter J. , Arlin Jean‐Baptiste , Geerts Yves H. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn this Research News article we discuss the significance of dimensionality on the charge‐transport properties of organic semiconductors. Dimensionality is defined in two ways: as a function of (i) the π‐conjugated framework within the molecular structure, and (ii) the degree and direction of intermolecular close‐contacts between molecules in the bulk. In terms of dimensionality, silicon is a good role model for organic semiconductors, since it demonstrates 3D architecture in the bulk through covalent bonding. Achieving this for organics is challenging and requires not only a 3D molecular structure, but also a network of intermolecular short contacts in three dimensions. This review identifies the limitations of low dimensional materials and summarizes the challenges faced in progressing towards fully 3D organic semiconductors.
Biodegradable Composites Reinforced with Kenaf Fibers: Thermal, Mechanical, and Morphological Issues
Authors: Russo Pietro , Carfagna Cosimo , Cimino Francesca , Acierno Domenico , Persico Paola 
Published: May 2012

AbstractKenaf fiber reinforced composites were prepared via melt mixing using completely biodegradable poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) and poly(butylenes adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT). Kenaf fibers were used as received and after chemical treatments aimed to improve fiber–matrix adhesion. The thermal, mechanical, and morphological properties of obtained composites were compared. Thermal measurements have shown no improvement in the thermal stability of PHBV due to reinforcing fibers, whereas detrimental effects have been evidenced for PBAT. Flexural and impact tests have emphasized benefits of chemical modifications depending on the polymer matrix nature as a consequence of an increased interaction at the fiber–matrix interface, also highlighted by scanning electron microscopy observations. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 32: E313–E322, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.21282
Aberrant methylation of H19‐DMR acquired after implantation was dissimilar in soma versus placenta of patients with Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome
Authors: Higashimoto Ken , Nakabayashi Kazuhiko , Yatsuki Hitomi , Yoshinaga Hokuto , Jozaki Kosuke , Okada Junichiro , Watanabe Yoriko , Aoki Aiko , Shiozaki Arihiro , Saito Shigeru , Koide Kayoko , Mukai Tsunehiro , Hata Kenichiro , Soejima Hidenobu 
Published: May 2012

AbstractGain of methylation (GOM) at the H19‐differentially methylated region (H19‐DMR) is one of several causative alterations in Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome (BWS), an imprinting‐related disorder. In most patients with epigenetic changes at H19‐DMR, the timing of and mechanism mediating GOM is unknown. To clarify this, we analyzed methylation at the imprinting control regions of somatic tissues and the placenta from two unrelated, naturally conceived patients with sporadic BWS. Maternal H19‐DMR was abnormally and variably hypermethylated in both patients, indicating epigenetic mosaicism. Aberrant methylation levels were consistently lower in placenta than in blood and skin. Mosaic and discordant methylation strongly suggested that aberrant hypermethylation occurred after implantation, when genome‐wide de novo methylation normally occurs. We expect aberrant de novo hypermethylation of H19‐DMR happens to a greater extent in embryos than in placentas, as this is normally the case for de novo methylation. In addition, of 16 primary imprinted DMRs analyzed, only H19‐DMR was aberrantly methylated, except for NNAT DMR in the placental chorangioma of Patient 2. To our knowledge, these are the first data suggesting when GOM of H19‐DMR occurs. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nucleation effect of surface treated TiO2 on Poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) nanocomposites
Authors: Ramesh V. , Mohanty S. , Panda B. P. , Nayak S. K. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA study of the nucleation effect of TiO2 in poly(trimethylene terephthalate)/TiO2 nanocomposite has been carried out using different theoretical models. The models were applied and developed with the aim to describe and better understand the influence of the TiO2 dispersion on crystallization characteristics of PTT. The PTT/TiO2 nanocomposites with untreated and surface‐treated TiO2 were prepared by the melt mixing method. The nucleation efficiency of the TiO2 nanoparticles has been analyzed with the use of the Avrami model and Mo's method. It was found that the PTT matrix incorporated with surface‐treated TiO2 particles has a higher crystallization temperature and melting point than that incorporated with untreated TiO2 particles. As per the models, unlike untreated TiO2, surface‐treated TiO2 particles had a lesser effect on the degree of crystallization of the PTT matrix. The TiO2 nanoparticles act as a nucleating agent in the PTT matrix thereby reducing t½ of the crystallization and leading to easier crystallization of the polymer. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Synthesis of bio‐based polyurethanes from epoxidized soybean oil and isopropanolamine
Authors: Miao Shida , Zhang Songping , Su Zhiguo , Wang Ping 
Published: May 2012

AbstractEpoxidized soybean oil (ESO) and isopropanolamine were used to synthesize a new polyol mixture for preparation of bio‐based polyurethanes. The chemical synthetic route for reaction of ESO with isopropanolamine was analyzed by 1H‐NMR. The results suggested that both ester groups and epoxy groups in ESO had reacted with amino group of isopropanolamine through simultaneous ring‐opening and amidation reactions. Epoxy groups in various situations exhibited different reactivity, and the unreacted epoxy groups were further opened by hydrochloric acid. The synthesized polyol mixture had high hydroxyl number of 317.0 mg KOH/g. A series of polyurethanes were prepared by curing the synthesized polyol mixture with 1,6‐diisocyanatohexance along with different amount of 1,3‐propanediol (PDO) as chain extender. Tensile tests showed that yield strengths of the polyurethanes ranged from 2.74 to 27.76 MPa depending on the content of PDO. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis displayed one glass transition temperature in the range of 24.4–28.7°C for all of the polyurethane samples, and one melt peak at high content of PDO. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that thermal degradations of the polyurethanes started at 240–255°C. In consideration of simple preparation process and renewable property of ESO, the bio‐based polyurethane would have wide range of applications. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Microstructure elucidation of polyflavonoid tannins by MALDI‐TOF‐CID
Authors: Radebe Nonhlanhla , Rode Karsten , Pizzi Antonio , Pasch Harald 
Published: May 2012

AbstractHigh molar mass wood tannin extracts are complex mixtures that are distributed in both molar mass and chemical composition. Condensed tannins from quebracho and mimosa woods were analyzed and compared with cacao tannins using matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight (MALDI‐TOF) mass spectrometry. Although MALDI‐TOF MS reveals the oligomer structure of the tannins, this method cannot distinguish between isomers with isobaric masses, and therefore, ambiguous structural assignments were made in a number of cases. To determine the actual microstructures present, MALDI‐TOF collision‐induced dissociation (CID) experiments were conducted. MALDI‐TOF‐CID enables monomer sequence determination, and positive assignments of isobaric structures can be made. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Ternary elastomer nanocomposites based on NR/BR/SBR: Effect of nanoclay composition
Authors: Zarei M. , Naderi G. , Bakhshandeh G. R. , Shokoohi S. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractElastomer nanocomposites based on natural rubber (NR), butadiene rubber (BR), and styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) containing Cloisite 15A were prepared using a two‐roll mill. Mechanical, morphological, and rheological characterization of the prepared nanocomposites was carried out in order to study the effect of different nanoclay compositions, i.e., 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 wt %. Intercalation of the elastomer chains into the silicate layers was evidenced by d‐spacing values calculated according to the results of the X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. This was directly confirmed by transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM and SEM). The results depict a decreasing trend in the optimum cure time (t90) and scorch time (t5) values of the nanocomposite samples with increasing nanoclay loading; where the elastic modulus (G′) and complex viscosity (η*) of the samples considerably increased. The mechanical properties of the nanocomposites show a considerable increase in the tensile modulus of NR/BR/SBR/Cloisite 15A nanocomposites. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Development and validation of a risk score for serious infection in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Crowson Cynthia S. , Hoganson Deana D. , Fitz‐Gibbon Patrick D. , Matteson Eric L. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjectiveInfection risk is increased in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and accurate assessment of the risk of infection could inform clinical decision‐making. This study was undertaken to develop and validate a score to predict the 1‐year risk of serious infection in patients with RA.MethodsWe studied a population‐based cohort of Olmsted County, Minnesota residents with incident RA ascertained in 1955–1994 whose members were followed up longitudinally, via complete medical records, until January 2000. The validation cohort included residents with incident RA ascertained in 1995–2007. The outcome measure included all serious infections (requiring hospitalization or intravenous antibiotics). Potential predictors were examined using multivariable Cox models. The risk score was estimated directly from the multivariable model, and performance was assessed in the validation cohort using Harrell's C statistic.ResultsAmong the 584 RA patients in the original cohort (72% female; mean age 57.5 years), who were followed up for a median of 9.9 years, 252 had ≥1 serious infection (646 total infections). Components of the risk score included age, previous serious infection, corticosteroid use, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, extraarticular manifestations of RA, and comorbidities (coronary heart disease, heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, chronic lung disease, diabetes mellitus, alcoholism). Validation analysis revealed good discrimination (C statistic 0.80).ConclusionRA disease characteristics and comorbidities can be used to accurately assess the risk of serious infection in patients with RA. Knowledge of risk of serious infection in RA patients can influence clinical decision making and inform strategies to reduce and prevent the occurrence of these infections.
Toward an improved structural model of the frog‐skin antimicrobial peptide esculentin‐1b(1‐18)
Authors: Manzo Giorgia , Sanna Roberta , Casu Mariano , Mignogna Giuseppina , Mangoni Maria L. , Rinaldi Andrea C. , Scorciapino Mariano A. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAntimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are found in various classes of organisms as part of the innate immune system. Despite high sequence variability, they share common features such as net positive charge and an amphipathic fold when interacting with biologic membranes. Esculentin‐1b is a 46‐mer frog‐skin peptide, which shows an outstanding antimicrobial activity. Experimental studies revealed that the N‐terminal fragment encompassing the first 18 residues, Esc(1‐18), is responsible for the antimicrobial activity of the whole peptide, with a negligible toxicity toward eukaryotic cells, thus representing an excellent candidate for future pharmaceutical applications. Similarly to most of the known AMPs, Esc(1‐18) is expected to act by destroying/permeating the bacterial plasma‐membrane but, to date, its 3D structure and the detailed mode of action remains unexplored. Before an in‐depth investigation on peptide/membranes interactions could be undertaken, it is necessary to characterize peptide's folding propensity in solution, to understand what is intrinsically due to the peptide sequence, and what is actually driven by the membrane interaction. Circular dichroism and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were used to determine the structure adopted by the peptide, moving from water to increasing amounts of trifluoroethanol. The results showed that Esc(1‐18) has a clear tendency to fold in a helical conformation as hydrophobicity of the environment increases, revealing an intriguing amphipathic structure. The helical folding is adopted only by the N‐terminal portion of the peptide, while the rest is unstructured. The presence of a hydrophobic cluster of residues in the C‐terminal portion suggests its possible membrane‐anchoring role. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 97:873–881, 2012.
Suprahyoid neck fascial configuration, especially in the posterior compartment of the parapharyngeal space: A histological study using late‐stage human fetuses
Authors: Katori Yukio , Kawase Tetsuaki , Ho Cho Kwang , Abe Hiroshi , Rodríguez‐Vázquez Jose Francisco , Murakami Gen , Fujimiya Mineko 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe fascial configuration in the suprahyoid parapharyngeal space was evaluated using semiserial sagittal sections of 15 late‐stage human fetal heads. The prevertebral fascia covered the longus colli, longus capitis, and rectus capitis lateralis muscles, but was most evident along the longus colli muscle. The carotid sheath and its extension were located around the internal and external carotid arteries and the lower cranial nerves. The superior cervical ganglion was also inside the sheath. Even near full term, the fetal suprahyoid neck was short, with the jugular foramen and hypoglossal canal located at the posterolateral side of the oropharynx. Thus, the glossopharyngeal and accessory nerves ran across the upper part of the carotid sheath. Fasciae of the stylopharyngeus, styloglossus, and stylohyoideus muscles were attached to and joined the anterosuperior aspect of the carotid sheath. All these neurovascular and muscle sheaths are communicated with the visceral fascia covering the pharynx at multiple sites, and, together, they formed a mesentery‐like bundle. This communication bundle was made narrow by the anteriorly protruding longus capitis muscle. The mesentery‐like bundle was covered by the posterior marginal fascia of the prestyloid compartment of the parapharyngeal space. The external carotid artery ran on the lateral and posterior sides of the posterior marginal fascia. Consequently, the typical carotid sheath configuration was modified by muscle sheaths from the styloid process, communicated with the visceral fascia and, anteriorly, constituted the posterior margin of the prestyloid space. Clin. Anat. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
New Konjac Glucomannan‐PVA Composite Membrane for Application in Pervaporation Dehydration of Caprolactam Solution
Authors: Lin W. , Li Q. , Zhu T. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractKonjac glucomannan (KGM)‐polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite membranes were investigated with the aim of proposing an improved caprolactam pervaporation dehydration process. The composite membranes were characterized by FTIR, SEM, XRD and degree of swelling measurements. The effect of the proportion of KGM in the composite membranes on pervaporation performance was studied. The best separation factor was achieved with an appropriate content of KGM. Both too much and too little KGM can lead to a low separation factor. Besides, pervaporation performance data showed that a higher separation factor could result in lower caprolactam concentration and operating temperature. Evaluation results indicated that the separation performances of KGM‐PVA composite membranes were strongly related to their intrinsic structure and to operating parameters.
ChemInform Abstract: Promising Oxonitridosilicate Phosphor Host Sr3Si2O4N2: Synthesis, Structure, and Luminescence Properties Activated by Eu2+ and Ce3+/Li+ for pc‐LEDs.
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Ming , Wang Chun‐Hai , Kuang Xiao‐Jun , Zou Ru‐Qiang , Wang Ying‐Xia , Jing Xi‐Ping 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe title compound is prepared by solid state reaction of SrCO3, α‐Si3N4, and SiO2 (W crucibles, 1550 °C, 8 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Mg1.5Lu1.5Al3.5Si1.5 O12:Ce3+,Mn2+: A Novel Garnet Phosphor with Adjustable Emission Color for Blue Light‐Emitting Diodes.
Authors: Jia Yongchao , Huang Yeju , Guo Ning , Qiao Hui , Zheng Yuhua , Lv Wenzhen , Zhao Qi , You Hongpeng 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe new title phosphor is synthesized by solid state reaction of MgO, Lu2O3, Al2O3, SiO2, CeO2, and MnCO3 (CO atmosphere, 1350 °C, 3 h) and characterized by XRD and photoluminescence spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Class of Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Production from Water Electrolysis: Metal Monolayers Supported on Low‐Cost Transition Metal Carbides.
Authors: Esposito Daniel V. , Hunt Sean T. , Kimmel Yannick C. , Chen Jingguang G. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWC and W2C surfaces are excellent supports for monolayer amounts of Pt enabling hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activities comparable to that of bulk Pt.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterobimetallic Chalcogenidometallate Strands: Synthesis, Structure, Magnetism, and Conductivity.
Authors: Thiele Guenther , Peter Sabrina , Schwarzer Martin , Ruzin Eugen , Clerac Rodolphe , Staesche Halgard , Roesser Carola , Roling Bernhard , Dehnen Stefanie 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe crystal structures of the new compounds (VI) and (IX) arte determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: [V15Ge6O42S6(H2O)] 12‐, a Thiogermanatopolyoxovanadate Cluster Featuring the Spin Topology of the Molecular Magnet [V15As6O42(H2O)]6‐
Authors: Wang Jing , Naether Christian , Koegerler Paul , Bensch Wolfgang 
Published: May 2012

Abstract[Co(tren)(trenH2)]2 [{Co(tren)}2V15Ge6O42 S6(H2O)]·9H2O (tren: tris(2‐aminoethyl)amine) is solvothermally synthesized from an aqueous mixture of NH4VO3, Ge, Co, and tren (autoclave, 140 °C, 7 d, 60% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Cs3UGe7O18: A Pentavalent Uranium Germanate Containing Four‐ and Six‐Coordinate Germanium.
Authors: Nguyen Quang Bac , Chen Chun‐Liang , Chiang Yun‐Wei , Lii Kwang‐Hwa 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe title compound is hydrothermally synthesized from a mixture of UO3, CsF, CsI, CsCl, Al, GeO2, and H2O (Au ampule, autoclave, 160 MPa, 585 °C, 2 d, 72% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Three New Sodium Neptunyl(V) Selenate Hydrates: Structures, Raman Spectroscopy, and Magnetism.
Authors: Jin Geng Bang , Skanthakumar S. , Soderholm L. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractGreen crystals of (III), (IV), and (V) are synthesized by a hydrothermal method for (III) and by evaporation of aqueous solutions for (IV) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Ultra Fast Elemental Synthesis of High Yield Copper Chevrel Phase with High Electrochemical Performance.
Authors: Gershinsky Gregory , Haik Ortal , Salitra Gregory , Grinblat Judith , Levi Elena , Nessim Gilbert Daniel , Zinigrad Ella , Aurbach Doron 
Published: May 2012

AbstractCu2Mo6S8 is prepared from mixtures of the elements by self‐propagating high‐temperature synthesis in quartz tubes or Swagelok stainless steel vessels.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold Derivatives of Eight Rare‐Earth‐Metal‐Rich Tellurides: Monoclinic R7Au2Te2 and Orthorhombic R6AuTe2 Types.
Authors: Chai Ping , Corbett John D. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractTwo series of compounds, Ln7Au2Te2 (Ln: Tb, Dy, Ho) and Ln6AuTe2 (Ln: Sc, Y, Dy, Ho, Lu), are synthesized by solid state reactions of LnTe (obtained from the elements at 900 °C for 72 h), Ln, and Au (1000—1050 °C, 240—400 h, about 90% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Short Synthesis of Chiral 4‐Substituted (S)‐Imidazolinium Salts Bearing Sulfonates and Their Use in γ‐Selective Reactions of Allylic Halides with Grignard Reagents.
Authors: Latham Christopher M. , Blake Alexander J. , Lewis William , Lawrence Matthew , Woodward Simon 
Published: May 2012

AbstractNew NHC ligand precursors are synthesized, which serve as highly active catalysts (turnover number about 100) for γ‐selective additions to cinnamyl electrophiles without the need for metal salts.
ChemInform Abstract: Practical Azidation of 1,3‐Dicarbonyls.
Authors: Harschneck Tobias , Hummel Sara , Kirsch Stefan F. , Klahn Philipp 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe direct azidation of a wide variety of β‐dicarbonyl compounds is smoothly achieved with sodium azide using an oxidant in situ generated from sulfonated iodoxybenzoic acid and catalytic amounts of sodium iodide.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct α‐Arylation of α‐Fluoroketones: A Straightforward Route to α‐Fluoro‐α‐arylketones.
Authors: Guo Chen , Wang Ruo‐Wen , Guo Yong , Qing Feng‐Ling 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA variety of quaternary α‐aryl‐α‐fluoroketones are easily prepared by direct Pd‐catalyzed α‐arylation of both open‐chain and cyclic α‐fluoroketones using P(o‐tolyl)3 or RuPhos as ligand.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple, Efficient, and Green Method for Synthesis of Trisubstituted Electrophilic Alkenes Using Lipase as a Biocatalyst.
Authors: Borse Bhushan Nanasaheb , Shukla Sanjeev Ramchandra , Sonawane Yogesh Ashok 
Published: May 2012

AbstractKnoevenagel condensation of a wide variety of aromatic aldehydes (II) with active methylene compounds (I), (IV) and (VI) proceeds efficiently in the presence of lipase (A.