bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bounds to electron spin qubit variability for scalable CMOS architectures
Authors: Cifuentes Jesús D. , Tanttu Tuomo , Gilbert Will , Huang Jonathan Y. , Vahapoglu Ensar , Leon Ross C. C. , Serrano Santiago , Otter Dennis , Dunmore Daniel , Mai Philip Y. , Schlattner Frédéric , Feng MengKe , Itoh Kohei , Abrosimov Nikolay , Pohl Hans-Joachim , Thewalt Michael , Laucht Arne , Yang Chih Hwan , Escott Christopher C. , Lim Wee Han , Hudson Fay E. , Rahman Rajib , Dzurak Andrew S. , Saraiva Andre 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSpins of electrons in silicon MOS quantum dots combine exquisite quantum properties and scalable fabrication. In the age of quantum technology, however, the metrics that crowned Si/SiO2 as the microelectronics standard need to be reassessed with respect to their impact upon qubit performance. We chart spin qubit variability due to the unavoidable atomic-scale roughness of the Si/SiO2 interface, compiling experiments across 12 devices, and develop theoretical tools to analyse these results. Atomistic tight binding and path integral Monte Carlo methods are adapted to describe fluctuations in devices with millions of atoms by directly analysing their wavefunctions and electron paths instead of their energy spectra. We correlate the effect of roughness with the variability in qubit position, deformation, valley splitting, valley phase, spin-orbit coupling and exchange coupling. These variabilities are found to be bounded, and they lie within the tolerances for scalable architectures for quantum computing as long as robust control methods are incorporated.
Inflammatory and neurodegenerative serum protein biomarkers increase sensitivity to detect clinical and radiographic disease activity in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Chitnis Tanuja , Qureshi Ferhan , Gehman Victor M. , Becich Michael , Bove Riley , Cree Bruce A. C. , Gomez Refujia , Hauser Stephen L. , Henry Roland G. , Katrib Amal , Lokhande Hrishikesh , Paul Anu , Caillier Stacy J. , Santaniello Adam , Sattarnezhad Neda , Saxena Shrishti , Weiner Howard , Yano Hajime , Baranzini Sergio E. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe multifaceted nature of multiple sclerosis requires quantitative biomarkers that can provide insights related to diverse physiological pathways. To this end, proteomic analysis of deeply-phenotyped serum samples, biological pathway modeling, and network analysis were performed to elucidate inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes, identifying sensitive biomarkers of multiple sclerosis disease activity. Here, we evaluated the concentrations of > 1400 serum proteins in 630 samples from three multiple sclerosis cohorts for association with clinical and radiographic new disease activity. Twenty proteins were associated with increased clinical and radiographic multiple sclerosis disease activity for inclusion in a custom assay panel. Serum neurofilament light chain showed the strongest univariate correlation with gadolinium lesion activity, clinical relapse status, and annualized relapse rate. Multivariate modeling outperformed univariate for all endpoints. A comprehensive biomarker panel including the twenty proteins identified in this study could serve to characterize disease activity for a patient with multiple sclerosis.
Placing engineering in the earthquake response and the survival chain
Authors: Ceferino Luis , Merino Yvonne , Pizarro Sebastián , Moya Luis , Ozturk Baturalp 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEarthquakes injure millions and simultaneously disrupt the infrastructure to protect them. This perspective argues that the current post-disaster investigation paradigm is insufficient to protect communities’ health effectively. We propose the Earthquake Survival Chain as a framework to change the current engineering focus on infrastructure to health. This framework highlights four converging research opportunities to advance understanding of earthquake injuries, search and rescue, patient mobilizations, and medical treatment. We offer an interdisciplinary research agenda in engineering and health sciences, including artificial intelligence and virtual reality, to protect health and life from earthquakes.
A warm Neptune’s methane reveals core mass and vigorous atmospheric mixing
Authors: Sing David K. , Rustamkulov Zafar , Thorngren Daniel P. , Barstow Joanna K. , Tremblin Pascal , Alves de Oliveira Catarina , Beck Tracy L. , Birkmann Stephan M. , Challener Ryan C. , Crouzet Nicolas , Espinoza Néstor , Ferruit Pierre , Giardino Giovanna , Gressier Amélie , Lee Elspeth K. H. , Lewis Nikole K. , Maiolino Roberto , Manjavacas Elena , Rauscher Bernard J. , Sirianni Marco , Valenti Jeff A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObservations of transiting gas giant exoplanets have revealed a pervasive depletion of methane1–4, which has only recently been identified atmospherically5,6. The depletion is thought to be maintained by disequilibrium processes such as photochemistry or mixing from a hotter interior7–9. However, the interiors are largely unconstrained along with the vertical mixing strength and only upper limits on the CH4 depletion have been available. The warm Neptune WASP-107b stands out among exoplanets with an unusually low density, reported low core mass10, and temperatures amenable to CH4, though previous observations have yet to find the molecule2,4. Here we present a JWST-NIRSpec transmission spectrum of WASP-107b that shows features from both SO2 and CH4 along with H2O, CO2, and CO. We detect methane with 4.2σ significance at an abundance of 1.0 ± 0.5 ppm, which is depleted by 3 orders of magnitude relative to equilibrium expectations. Our results are highly constraining for the atmosphere and interior, which indicate the envelope has a super-solar metallicity of 43 ± 8 × solar, a hot interior with an intrinsic temperature of Tint = 460 ± 40 K, and vigorous vertical mixing which depletes CH4 with a diffusion coefficient of Kzz = 1011.6±0.1 cm2 s−1. Photochemistry has a negligible effect on the CH4 abundance but is needed to account for the SO2. We infer a core mass of $${11.5}_{-3.6}^{+3.0}{M}_{\oplus }$$

11.5

−
3.6

+
3.0

M

⊕

, which is much higher than previous upper limits10, releasing a tension with core-accretion models11.
Analysis of gene expression in the postmortem brain of neurotypical Black Americans reveals contributions of genetic ancestry
Authors: Benjamin Kynon J. M. , Chen Qiang , Eagles Nicholas J. , Huuki-Myers Louise A. , Collado-Torres Leonardo , Stolz Joshua M. , Pertea Geo , Shin Joo Heon , Paquola Apuã C. M. , Hyde Thomas M. , Kleinman Joel E. , Jaffe Andrew E. , Han Shizhong , Weinberger Daniel R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAncestral differences in genomic variation affect the regulation of gene expression; however, most gene expression studies have been limited to European ancestry samples or adjusted to identify ancestry-independent associations. Here, we instead examined the impact of genetic ancestry on gene expression and DNA methylation in the postmortem brain tissue of admixed Black American neurotypical individuals to identify ancestry-dependent and ancestry-independent contributions. Ancestry-associated differentially expressed genes (DEGs), transcripts and gene networks, while notably not implicating neurons, are enriched for genes related to the immune response and vascular tissue and explain up to 26% of heritability for ischemic stroke, 27% of heritability for Parkinson disease and 30% of heritability for Alzheimer’s disease. Ancestry-associated DEGs also show general enrichment for the heritability of diverse immune-related traits but depletion for psychiatric-related traits. We also compared Black and non-Hispanic white Americans, confirming most ancestry-associated DEGs. Our results delineate the extent to which genetic ancestry affects differences in gene expression in the human brain and the implications for brain illness risk.
Study on the compounding optimization of surfactants and synergistic effects on the wettability of bituminous coal
Authors: Jing Deji , Bao Chunhua , Dong Zhe , Meng Xiangxi , Han Xuefeng , Li Gang , Chen Jingxu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTo improve the wettability of surfactants on bituminous coal and to explore its wettability and wettability mechanism on bituminous coal, taking the Sandaogou bituminous coal as an example, a single factor experiment was carried out first. Through contact angle and surface tension experiments, three surfactants with good wettability were selected from among the nine surfactants and mixed in equal proportions two by two to determine the optimal compounding method and compounding concentration. The experimental results show that the compounding of nonionic and anionic, nonionic and zwitterionic, anionic and zwitterionic surfactants can have synergistic effects and significantly improve the wettability of bituminous coal. Among them, the 0.5 wt% SDS + 0.5 wt% CAB-50 (R2) compound surfactant had the best wettability on bituminous coal, and the contact angle and surface tension were only 15.24° and 23.62 mN/m, respectively. The surface electrostatic potential values of each material molecule were calculated by Materials Studio software based on the quantum chemistry method, and correlation analysis was carried out with wettability. The results show that the surface electrostatic potentials of CDEA, SDS and CAB-50 were greater than those of water and bituminous coal, and the region of maximum negative electrostatic potential corresponded to oxygen atoms, which are easier to adsorb on bituminous coal and water molecules. Then, through molecular dynamics simulation, the interaction energy and the distribution of contributions along the Z-axis of the water/compound surfactant/bituminous coal system at equilibrium were investigated, and finally, a spray dust reduction test was carried out in the Sandaogou Coal Mine. The results showed that the 0.5 wt% SDS + 0.5 wt% CAB-50 compound solution can be used as a water molecule adsorption carrier, prompting more water molecules to be embedded into coal molecules, increasing the relative concentration of water molecules on the surface of bituminous coal, restricting the diffusion of water molecules, and greatly improving the wettability. After the addition of 0.5 wt% SDS + 0.5 wt% CAB-50 as a spray agent, the concentration of total dust at the driver's position decreased from 65.14 to 9.11 mg/m3, the concentration of exhaled dust decreased from 30.07 to 3.35 mg/m3, and the efficiency of total and exhaled dust reduction compared with that of pure water was 86.01% and 89.35%, respectively.
Construction and optimization of non-parametric analysis model for meter coefficients via back propagation neural network
Authors: Yang Yuqiang , Hu Ruoyun , Wang Weifeng , Zhang Tuomu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study addresses the drawbacks of traditional methods used in meter coefficient analysis, which are low accuracy and long processing time. A new method based on non-parametric analysis using the Back Propagation (BP) neural network is proposed to overcome these limitations. The study explores the classification and pattern recognition capabilities of the BP neural network by analyzing its non-parametric model and optimization methods. For model construction, the study uses the United Kingdom Domestic Appliance-Level Electricity dataset’s meter readings and related data for training and testing the proposed model. The non-parametric analysis model is used for data pre-processing, feature extraction, and normalization to obtain the training and testing datasets. Experimental tests compare the proposed non-parametric analysis model based on the BP neural network with the traditional Least Squares Method (LSM). The results demonstrate that the proposed model significantly improves the accuracy indicators such as mean absolute error (MAE) and mean relative error (MRE) when compared with the LSM method. The proposed model achieves an MAE of 0.025 and an MRE of 1.32% in the testing dataset, while the LSM method has an MAE of 0.043 and an MRE of 2.56% in the same dataset. Therefore, the proposed non-parametric analysis model based on the BP neural network can achieve higher accuracy in meter coefficient analysis when compared with the traditional LSM method. This study provides a novel non-parametric analysis method with practical reference value for the electricity industry in energy metering and load forecasting.
Stratified water columns: homogenization and interface evolution
Authors: Liu Mengwei , Park Junghee , Santamarina J. Carlos 
Published: May 2024

AbstractStratified water columns are often found in lakes and oceans. Stratifications result from differences in density due to salt concentration, temperature, solid content and oxygenation. The stability of stratifications affects bioactivity, sedimentation, contaminant transport and environmental remediation. This study investigates the evolution of 6 stratified water columns created by differences in salinity, suspended minerals and the presence of a bottom heat source. We use acoustic wave reflection, photography, and both electrical conductivity and temperature profiles to track changes in stratification. Results show that multiple concurrent processes emerge across layers in otherwise quiescent water bodies. Dissimilar chemo-thermo conditions give rise to chemical and thermal diffusion, convection, and double-diffusion convection. When stratification involves suspended particles, interlayer processes include diffusiophoresis, flocculation/aggregation, sedimentation, osmosis, and chemo-consolidation; in this case, the specific surface and surface charge of suspended particles, and the salt concentration in contiguous layers determine aggregation-sedimentation-consolidation patterns. The interlayer transition zone acts as a high-pass filter that preferentially reflects low-frequency long-wavelength P-waves; invasive thermal and electrical conductivity probes provide complementary information and may identify stratification even when it is undetected by acoustic signals.
“Secular trends (2001–2020) in physical fitness as a health component in physiotherapy students from Bydgoszcz (Poland)”
Authors: Lewandowski Andrzej , Siedlaczek Marcin , Piekorz Zuzanna , Kryst Łukasz 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess changes in the components of physical fitness that are conducive to the health of young people surveyed between 2001 and 2020. Hypotheses were formulated about an increase in the thickness of skinfolds, especially among women, the deterioration of the results of fitness tests and the lack of conditioning of the examined changes with socioeconomic factors. Every year, physiotherapy students at the Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń (Poland) were examined for body height and mass, skinfold thickness, flexibility, static strength, abdominal muscle strength, functional strength and endurance. The results were obtained from 1161 female students and 464 male students. Similar trends were observed for most of the studied characteristics in people of both sexes. In male students, secular trends towards a decrease in the thickness of biceps skinfolds (R2 = 0.455, p = 0.002) and lower leg skinfolds (R2 = 0.314, p = 0.015) were found. In female students, secular trends towards an increase in the body mass (R2 = 0.41, p = 0.003), a decrease in the thickness of skinfolds over the biceps (R2 = 0.477, p = 0.001) and decreased flexibility (R2 = 0.283, p = 0.023) were found. Male sex and the thickness of suprailiac skinfolds were frequent predictors of the, assessed motor abilities and socioeconomic factors did not significantly affect their maintenance. The obtained results, except for a few secular trend examples of the somatic features (male student’s age and calf skinfold, female student’s body mass, male and female student’s biceps skinfold) and flexibility in women, showed their stability and the lack of conditioning by social factors and by the fitness test. Attention to the appropriate level of the observed components is justified, especially in light of the identified trend that showed their deterioration.
Material strengths of shear-induced platelet aggregation clots and coagulation clots
Authors: Kim Dongjune A. , Ku David N. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractArterial occlusion by thrombosis is the immediate cause of some strokes, heart attacks, and peripheral artery disease. Most prior studies assume that coagulation creates the thrombus. However, a contradiction arises as whole blood (WB) clots from coagulation are too weak to stop arterial blood pressures (> 150 mmHg). We measure the material mechanical properties of elasticity and ultimate strength for Shear-Induced Platelet Aggregation (SIPA) type clots, that form under stenotic arterial hemodynamics in comparison with coagulation clots. The ultimate strength of SIPA clots averaged 4.6 ± 1.3 kPa, while WB coagulation clots had a strength of 0.63 ± 0.3 kPa (p < 0.05). The elastic modulus of SIPA clots was 3.8 ± 1.5 kPa at 1 Hz and 0.5 mm displacement, or 2.8 times higher than WB coagulation clots (1.3 ± 1.2 kPa, p < 0.0001). This study shows that the SIPA thrombi, formed quickly under high shear hemodynamics, is seven-fold stronger and three-fold stiffer compared to WB coagulation clots. A force balance calculation shows a SIPA clot has the strength to resist arterial pressure with a short length of less than 2 mm, consistent with coronary pathology.
Migratory movements of fin whales from the Gulf of St. Lawrence challenge our understanding of the Northwest Atlantic stock structure
Authors: Ramp Christian , Lesage Veronique , Ollier Angélique , Auger-Méthé Marie , Sears Richard 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFin whales, Balenoptera physalus, are capital breeders, having the potential to separate breeding and feeding both spatially and temporally. Fin whales occur throughout the Northwest Atlantic, but stock structure and seasonal movements remain unclear. By deploying satellite transmitters on 28 individuals, we examine movement patterns within and beyond the Gulf of St. Lawrence (GSL), Canada, and challenge the current understanding of stock structure. Eight individuals left the GSL in autumn, with five tags persisting into January. Migration patterns of these whales showed considerable variation in timing and trajectory, with movements extending south to 24°N, and thus beyond the assumed distribution limit of the species in the Northwest Atlantic. A rapid return to the Scotian Shelf or Gulf of Maine was observed from several whales after incursions in southern waters, suggesting that fin whales in the Northwest Atlantic may not have a common winter destination that fits the definition of a breeding ground. Area-restricted search (ARS) behavior dominated fin whale activities during summer (92%) and fall (72%), with persistence into the winter (56%); ARS occurred at multiple locations in the GSL, Scotian Shelf and Shelf edge, and near seamounts of the North Atlantic, having characteristics consistent with foraging areas.
Toward a push–pull strategy against invasive snails using chemical and visual stimuli
Authors: Kosciolek Cédric , Desurmont Gaylord A. , Thomann Thierry , Zamprogna Alberto , Caron Valérie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFour invasive Mediterranean snails, i.e., Theba pisana (Müller, 1774), Cernuella virgata (da Costa, 1778), Cochlicella acuta (Müller, 1774) and Cochlicella barbara (Linnaeus, 1758) cost $170 million yearly to the grain industry in Australia. Their impact is mainly due to their estivation behavior: snails climb on cereal and legume stalks to rest during summer, which coincides with harvest, causing grain contamination issues in crops such as wheat, barley and canola. Diverse management methods have been developed to regulate snail populations, with limited success. Our study investigates the potential for a push–pull strategy to divert invasive snails from cultivated fields. A “push” part (i.e. using a repellent stimuli) was based on the use of a chemical deterrent repelling snails from the cultivated field, and a “pull” part (i.e. using an attractive stimuli) was based on offering attractive estivation supports for snails to aggregate outside the cultivated field. First, artificial estivation supports of different colors were tested under laboratory and field conditions and showed that red supports were the most attractive for these snails. Second, different substances were tested as potential snail deterrents (garlic, coffee, coffee grounds, copper). Garlic extracts were the most powerful snail deterrent and were shown to effectively protect an estivation support and food source from snails under laboratory conditions. These results, which were highly consistent for the four species, illustrate the potential of a push–pull strategy against invasive snails in Australia. It is the first attempt to develop a push–pull strategy relying on both visual and chemical stimuli to achieve results, as well as manipulating the estivation behavior of a pest.
Quantifying the fluxes of carbon loss from an undrained tropical peatland ecosystem in Indonesia
Authors: Asyhari Adibtya , Gangga Adi , Putra Chandra Agung Septiadi , Ritonga Rasis Putra , Candra Randi Ade , Anshari Gusti Z. , Bowen Jennifer C. , Perryman Clarice R. , Novita Nisa 
Published: May 2024

AbstractConservation of undrained tropical peatland ecosystems is critical for climate change mitigation as they store a tremendous amount of soil carbon that is preserved under anoxic water-logged conditions. Unfortunately, there are too few measurements of carbon fluxes from these ecosystems to estimate the climate change mitigation potential from such conservation efforts. Here, we measured carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) fluxes as well as fluvial organic carbon export over the peat swamp forest within an undrained tropical peatland landscape in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Our measurements throughout one year (Oct 2022–Sep 2023) showed that despite its water-logged condition, peat and water overlying the swamp forest on average emits 11.02 ± 0.49 MgCO2ha−1 yr−1of CO2and 0.58 ± 0.04 MgCO2e ha−1 yr−1of CH4. Further, the fluvial organic carbon export contributes to additional carbon loss of 1.68 ± 0.06 MgCO2e ha−1 yr−1. Our results help improve the accuracy of carbon accounting from undrained tropical peatlands, where we estimated a total carbon loss of 13.28 ± 0.50 MgCO2e ha−1 yr−1. Nevertheless, the total carbon loss reported from our sites is about half than what is reported from the drained peatland landscapes in the region and resulted in a larger onsite carbon sink potential estimate compared to other undrained peat swamp forests. Together, these findings indicate that conserving the remaining undrained peatland ecosystems in Indonesia from drainage and degradation is a promising natural climate solution strategy that avoids significant carbon emissions.