bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteomic technologies for the identification of disease biomarkers in serum: Advances and challenges ahead
Authors: Ray Sandipan , Reddy Panga J. , Jain Rekha , Gollapalli Kishore , Moiyadi Aliasgar , Srivastava Sanjeeva 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSerum is an ideal biological sample that contains an archive of information due to the presence of a variety of proteins released by diseased tissue, and serum proteomics has gained considerable interest for the disease biomarker discovery. Easy accessibility and rapid protein changes in response to disease pathogenesis makes serum an attractive sample for clinical research. Despite these advantages, the analysis of serum proteome is very challenging due to the wide dynamic range of proteins, difficulty in finding low‐abundance target analytes due to the presence of high‐abundance serum proteins, high levels of salts and other interfering compounds, variations among individuals and paucity of reproducibility. Sample preparation introduces pre‐analytical variations and poses major challenges to analyze the serum proteome. The label‐free detection techniques such as surface plasmon resonance, microcantilever, few nanotechniques and different resonators are rapidly emerging for the analysis of serum proteome and they have exhibited potential to overcome few limitations of the conventional techniques. In this article, we will discuss the current status of serum proteome analysis for the biomarker discovery and address key technological advancements, with a focus on challenges and amenable solutions.
Effects of end groups on phase transition and segmental mobility of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) chains in D2O
Authors: Ru Geying , Feng Jiwen 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPhase transition and mobility of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPA) chains with three different types of end groups (hydroxyl, carbon–carbon double bond, and camphoric sulfonic groups) have been studied by measurements of the normal 1H NMR spectrum, spin–spin relaxation time, and 2D NOESY spectrum. It is found that at room temperature not only the end group parts but also the part of the PNIPA chain with hydroxyl end group have higher mobility than corresponding parts of PNIPA with double bond and camphoric sulfonic end groups. The lower critical solution temperatures (LCST) of PNIPAs modified with hydrophilic hydroxyl and hydrophobic double bond end groups are inversely dependent and directly dependent on the molecular weight of polymer respectively, whereas the LCST of PNIPA with the camphoric sulfonic end group bearing both hydrophobic and hydrophilic structures is independent of the molecular weight. The double bond end groups collapse simultaneously with inner segments of the PNIPA chain, whereas the hydroxyl and camphoric sulfonic end groups still exhibit higher mobility and do not shrink tightly after heating‐induced collapsing of inner segments. It is suggested that the hydroxyl and camphoric sulfonic end groups locate on the surface of globules, but the double bond end groups are probably buried inside the globules. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2011
Evaluation and suitability of biomaterials for modified atmosphere packaging of fresh salmon fillets
Authors: Pettersen M. K. , Bardet S. , Nilsen J. , Fredriksen S. B. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAn evaluation of the suitability of commercially available biopolymers on the shelf‐life of fresh salmon fillet was done. The comparison included two different types of biomaterials, poly lactic acid (PLA)‐based and starch‐based materials, and two traditional materials, amorphous polyethylene terephthalate/polyethylene (APET/PE) and high‐density polyethylene (HDPE). Fresh salmon fillets were stored at 4°C in modified atmosphere (60% CO2 and 40% N2) for 5, 7, 9 and 14 days. The biomaterials have been briefly evaluated with respect to composition and mechanical properties. The effect of different packaging materials on bacterial growth, off‐odour, pH and colour was investigated.The traditional materials (APET/PE and HDPE trays) offered the best protection regarding the bacterial growth. A relatively high level (log 6 CFU/g) of total viable counts was detected after 9 days and 14 days for fillets stored in biomaterials and traditional materials, respectively. The level of lactic acid bacteria and H2S producing bacteria followed almost the same pattern.Storage in traditional materials resulted in higher intensity of freshness (fresh odour) compared with the samples stored in biomaterials; after 14 days, the salmon stored in starch‐based pouches was regarded as having lower intensity of freshness compared with APET/PE trays and PLA‐based pouches. The opposite result was obtained regarding the colour of the salmon, where the biomaterials resulted in higher intensity of fresh colour compared with the traditional materials although the surface of the salmon at the end of the experiment was dry and unpleasant. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An energetic view of the relation between the Mediterranean storm track and the North Atlantic Oscillation
Authors: Nasr‐Esfahany M. A. , Ahmadi‐Givi F. , Mohebalhojeh A. R. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe time tendency equation of eddy kinetic energy (EKE) includes some important forcing terms such as baroclinic conversion (BCC), barotropic conversion (BTC) and energy flux. This article compares the ensemble mean distribution of these forcing terms, as well as the baroclinic generation (BCG) term, in critical positive and critical negative months of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), focusing on the Mediterranean and Middle East regions. Results show that all the computed terms attain larger values and all the extrema are stronger in the positive phase. The energy‐flux vectors point to energy transfer from the west of the Atlantic and north of Europe to the Mediterranean region, with the transfer being weaker in the positive phase. There is energy‐flux divergence over the central region of the Mediterranean Sea, which is more extensive in the positive phase relative to the negative phase. The energy‐flux divergence leads to a radiation source in this region. The direction of the energy‐flux vectors then indicates that the energy radiated from the central Mediterranean region is transferred southeastward, leading to an energy‐flux convergence over the Red Sea and the northeast of Africa. This convergence is stronger and more extensive in the positive phase, which may be responsible for the observed larger value of the upper‐level eddy kinetic energy in the positive phase. The patterns of the BCG and BCC, together with the energy‐flux convergence, suggest that while the Mediterranean storm track is affected by the North Atlantic storm track more strongly in the negative phase it acts as an independent centre of action by radiating energy southeastward in the positive phase. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Adaptive mesh method in the Met Office variational data assimilation system
Authors: Piccolo Chiara , Cullen Mike 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA frequent problem in forecasting fog or icy roads in a numerical weather prediction (NWP) system is attributed to the misinterpretation of the boundary‐layer structure in the assimilation procedure. Case‐studies showed that the misinterpretation of temperature inversions and stratocumulus layers in the assimilation is due to inappropriate background‐error covariances. This paper looks at the application of static adaptive mesh methods in the Met Office variational assimilation system to modify the background‐error correlations in the boundary layer when temperature inversions or stratocumulus layers are present in the background state. Results show improvements in the analysis root mean square errors with respect to radiosonde observations and surface observations and improvements in forecast errors in 2 m temperature in the presence of low clouds. This enhancement in 2 m temperature forecast is attributed to reduced background vertical correlations and increased temperature background‐error variances in the assimilation due to the movement of the grid near the surface. Copyright © 2011 British Crown copyright, the Met Office. Published by JohnWiley & Sons, Ltd.
Research on Key Metallurgical Technology of 350Km/h High‐Speed Rail Steel
Authors: Zeng J. H. , Chen Y. , Li G. J. , Yang S. B. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractRequirements like higher cleanliness and better quality of casting blooms are proposed for 350km/h higher speed rail steel. Present paper focuses on technical measures on improving the steel cleanliness and strand quality of 350km/h high‐speed rail steel in Panzhihua Iron & Steel Group Company. By means of series of packaging technology like dephosphorization in BOF, ladle refining, mold electromagnetic stirring and dynamic soft reduction, dephosphorization rate cleanliness and morphology control are greatly improved, with [S]≤0.015%, [P]≤0.025%, [H]≤1.5 × 10−6, Als ≤ 0.004%, T[O] ≤20 × 10−6, the grade of central porosity and segregation ≤1.0, the grade of central crack and middle crack ≤0.5, index of central carbon segregation ≤1.05, severity level of type‐A and type‐B inclusions ≤2.0 and 1.0, respectively. The optimized process meets the technical requirements on producing 350 km/h high‐speed rail steel and stable production is realized.
Soft‐output MMSE V‐BLAST receiver with MMSE channel estimation under correlated Rician fading MIMO channels
Authors: Wang Jun , Chen Hongyang , Li Shaoqian 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTFor wireless multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) communications systems, both channel estimation error and spatial channel correlation should be considered when designing an effective signal detection system. In this paper, we propose a new soft‐output MMSE based Vertical Bell Laboratories Layered Space‐Time (V‐BLAST) receiver for spatially‐correlated Rician fading MIMO channels. In this novel receiver, not only the channel estimation errors and channel correlation but also the residual interference cancellation errors are taken into consideration in the computation of the MMSE filter and the log‐likelihood ratio (LLR) of each coded bit. More importantly, our proposed receiver generalizes all existing soft‐output MMSE V‐BLAST receivers, in the sense that, previously proposed soft‐output MMSE V‐BLAST receivers can be derived as the reduced forms of our receiver when the above three considered factors are partially or fully simplified. Simulation results show that the proposed soft‐output MMSE V‐BLAST receiver outperforms the existing receivers with a considerable gain in terms of bit‐error‐rate (BER) performance. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Angular distributions of scattering intensities with the SAP code
Authors: Fernandez Jorge E. , Scot Viviana , Giulio Eugenio Di , Verardi Luca 
Published: March 2011

AbstractCompton and Rayleigh scattering peak intensities and their ratio are used in reflection and transmission experiments to obtain information about the density of the investigated specimen. The ratio is preferred because it allows the reduction of the errors due to attenuation and geometry. In all cases it is fundamental to predict their angular distributions in order to design the optimal experiment for a given material. The code SAP (Scattering Angular distribution Plot) is a graphical tool to compute and plot Rayleigh and Compton differential cross‐sections (atomic and electronic), form factors and incoherent scattering functions. In this work, the code is improved by adding the computation of Rayleigh and Compton first‐order peak fluxes and intensities, and the Rayleigh‐to‐Compton peak ratio, in both, reflection and transmission geometries, for single elements, compounds and mixture of compounds, for monochromatic excitation in the range of 1–1000 keV. The new characteristics of the code are illustrated with some examples. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Laparoscopic Ventral Hernia Repair
Authors: Melvin W. Scott , Renton David 
Published: March 2011

AbstractVentral hernias, whether naturally occurring or the result of previous surgery, comprise one of the most common problems confronting general surgeons. As many as 25% of laparotomy incisions develop a hernia over long‐term follow‐up, which is a difficult problem with many treatment algorithms. Laparoscopic ventral hernia repair has improved over the last decade and has proven to be an effective treatment option. With fewer wound complications and low recurrence rates, it is a useful tool in the surgeon’s armamentarium. Care should be taken regarding patient selection, operative technique, and mesh size to ensure adequate repair of the hernia, thereby preventing recurrence at a later date. The first attempt at a hernia repair has the highest chance of long‐term success, so it is important that the surgeon take all the factors into mind before proceeding with operative repair.
Recurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Living Donor Liver Transplantation: What is the Current Optimal Approach to Prevent Recurrence?
Authors: Kaido Toshimi , Mori Akira , Ogura Yasuhiro , Hata Koichiro , Yoshizawa Atsushi , Iida Taku , Uemoto Shinji 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackgroundLiver transplantation plays an important role in the multimodal treatment options for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, there has been little information about the prognosis for HCC recurrence after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT).MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 164 HCC patients who underwent LDLT at our institution between February 1999 and March 2009.ResultsIn all, 23 of 164 liver recipients developed HCC recurrence 1 to 44 months (median 8 months) after LDLT. The 5‐year survival was significantly lower for patients with recurrence than for patients without recurrence (14 vs. 82%; p < 0.0001). The 3‐year survival was significantly lower for patients with early recurrence (≤ 1 year) than for patients with late recurrence (>1 year) (8 vs. 40%; p = 0.0082). Concerning sites of first tumor recurrence, the 3‐year survival rate in patients with recurrence in the graft liver was significantly higher than that of patients with recurrence to other organs (50 vs. 17%, respectively; p = 0.0421).ConclusionsAs the prognosis of patients with HCC recurrence is quite poor, currently the optimal method of preventing HCC recurrence would be the use of appropriate criteria to select candidates for LDLT.
Epigenetic mechanisms in virus-induced tumorigenesis
Authors: Poreba Elzbieta , Broniarczyk Justyna Karolina , Gozdzicka-Jozefiak Anna 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAbout 15–20% of human cancers worldwide have viral etiology. Emerging data clearly indicate that several human DNA and RNA viruses, such as human papillomavirus, Epstein–Barr virus, Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and human T-cell lymphotropic virus, contribute to cancer development. Human tumor-associated viruses have evolved multiple molecular mechanisms to disrupt specific cellular pathways to facilitate aberrant replication. Although oncogenic viruses belong to different families, their strategies in human cancer development show many similarities and involve viral-encoded oncoproteins targeting the key cellular proteins that regulate cell growth. Recent studies show that virus and host interactions also occur at the epigenetic level. In this review, we summarize the published information related to the interactions between viral proteins and epigenetic machinery which lead to alterations in the epigenetic landscape of the cell contributing to carcinogenesis.
Iron regulates the uptake of ascorbic acid and the expression of sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter 1 (SVCT1) in human intestinal Caco-2 cells
Authors: Scheers Nathalie M. , Sandberg Ann-Sofie 
Published: March 2011

Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) has major effects on the intestinal uptake and utilisation of Fe in humans. The objective of the present study was to investigate the impact of Fe on the acquisition of ascorbic acid. The strategy was to study the cellular uptake and transport of ascorbic acid in the presence of Fe and also to observe the expression of the Na-dependent vitamin C transporter 1 (SVCT1) protein in human intestinal Caco-2 cells. SVCT1 is involved in the cellular uptake of ascorbic acid and is therefore a candidate for playing a role in the regulation of Fe utilisation. Caco-2 cells were cultured on transmembrane inserts in a three-compartment system followed by treatment with various combinations of FeCl2·4H2O (10–20 μmol/l) and sodium ascorbate (150 μmol/l). ELISA and Western blot analyses revealed that both SVCT1 and ferritin expressions were up-regulated in the presence of ascorbic acid in the basal compartment underneath the cells (10 and 22 %, respectively). Furthermore, when cells deficient in ascorbic acid were exposed to Fe, SVCT1 expression increased significantly (23·7 %). The increase in SVCT1 expression correlated with an increase in ascorbic acid uptake (285 %) in Fe-treated cells, as indicated by the SVCT1 inhibitor quercetin. We conclude that Fe plays an important role in regulating the uptake of ascorbic acid in human intestinal Caco-2 cells. This new angle could change the conceptual thinking of Fe and ascorbic acid utilisation and assist in the treatment and prevention of ascorbic acid-deficiency syndromes such as scurvy.
Are apparent negative effects of feeding GM MON810 maize to Atlantic salmon,Salmo salar, caused by confounding factors?
Authors: Sissener Nini H. , Hemre Gro-Ingunn , Lall Santosh P. , Sagstad Anita , Petersen Kjell , Williams Jason , Rohloff Jens , Sanden Monica 
Published: March 2011

The present study was conducted to follow up on apparent differences in growth, relative organ sizes, cellular stress and immune function in Atlantic salmon fed feed containing GMBacillus thuringiensismaize compared with feed containing the non-modified parental maize line. Gene expression profiling on the distal intestinal segment and liver was performed by microarray, and selected genes were followed up by quantitative PCR (qPCR). In the liver, qPCR revealed some differentially regulated genes, including up-regulation of gelsolin precursor, down-regulation of ferritin heavy subunit and a tendency towards down-regulation of metallothionein (MT)-B. This, combined with the up-regulation of anti-apoptotic protein NR13 and similar tendencies for ferritin heavy chain and MT-A and -B in the distal intestine, suggests changes in cellular stress/antioxidant status. This corresponds well with and strengthens previous findings in these fish. To exclude possible confounding factors, the maize ingredients were analysed for mycotoxins and metabolites. The GM maize contained 90 μg/kg of deoxynivalenol (DON), while the non-GM maize was below the detection limit. Differences were also observed in the metabolite profiles of the two maize varieties, some of which seemed connected to the mycotoxin level. The effects on salmon observed in the present and previous studies correspond relatively well with the effects of DON as reported in the literature for other production animals, but knowledge regarding effects and harmful dose levels in fish is scarce. Thus, it is difficult to conclude whether the observed effects are caused by the DON level or by some other aspect of the GM maize ingredient.
Barth and Buddhism in the theology of Katsume Takizawa
Authors: Parratt John 
Published: March 2011

AbstractKatsume Takizawa (1909–1984) was one of the most innovative of twentieth-century Japanese philosophical theologians. His study with Barth (1935) led him to attempt to bring together aspects of Barth's theology with concepts derived from Jodo-shin and Zen. He found in both religions a basic relationship between God and man which transcended both identity and distinction, which he expressed in Nishida's concept of the self-identity of the absolute contradiction. This relationship he called ‘Emmanuel 1’. The fulfilment of the relationship is ‘Emmanuel 2’ and is reflected for Christians in Jesus.
Using regular tree grammars to enhance sentence realisation
Authors: GARDENT CLAIRE , GOTTESMAN BENJAMIN , PEREZ-BELTRACHINI LAURA 
Published: March 2011

AbstractFeature-based regular tree grammars (FRTG) can be used to generate the derivation trees of a feature-based tree adjoining grammar (FTAG). We make use of this fact to specify and implement both an FTAG-based sentence realiser and a benchmark generator for this realiser. We argue furthermore that the FRTG encoding enables us to improve on other proposals based on a grammar of TAG derivation trees in several ways. It preserves the compositional semantics that can be encoded in feature-based TAGs; it increases efficiency and restricts overgeneration; and it provides a uniform resource for generation, benchmark construction and parsing.
Syntactic error detection and correction in date expressions using finite-state transducers
Authors: DE ILARRAZA ARANTZA DÍAZ , GOJENOLA KOLDO , ORONOZ MAITE , ALEGRIA IÑAKI 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis paper presents a set of experiments for the detection and correction of syntactic errors, exploring two alternative approaches. The first one uses an error grammar which combines a robust morphosyntactic analyser and two groups of finite-state transducers (one for the description of syntactic error patterns and the other for the correction of the detected errors). We have also experimented an alternative approach using a positive date grammar where deviations are detected by applying edit-distance techniques. The system has been tested on a corpus of real texts which contained both correct and incorrect sentences. Although the experiment was limited to one language, the results show that attainable performance is not the only criterion for preferring one solution over another.
Casting a wide net: the Journal Impact Factor numerator
Authors: HUBBARD Stephen C. , McVEIGH Marie E. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTAll metrics published in the Journal Citation Reports™ are dependent on the complete and correct aggregation of citations to each journal title. Here, we explain how unique cited titles are created for Thomson Reuters indexing, and how variations and ambiguities in titles are collected in order to create the Journal Impact Factor numerator.
Selling to the BRIC — Russia: scholarly e‐products and the Russian market
Authors: KUZNETSOV Alexander , RAZUMOVA Irina 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTWe present the history, a present‐day analysis and perspectives of the market for scholarly e‐resources (e‐journals, e‐books, etc) in Russia. Our study is based on 10 years' experience of the Russian national library consortium NEICON, which is one of the major players in the market. Indicators and trends of the economics, human resources, and scientific output of Russian science are presented. The NEICON consortium activities are described. The perspectives, peculiarities, and practicalities of entering the Russian market are outlined, as well as what a new publisher entrant might expect to achieve.