bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Bacterial Isolate from Permian Groundwater, Capable of Aggregating Potential Biofuel-Producing Microalga Nannochloropsis oceanica IMET1
Authors: Wang Hui , Laughinghouse Haywood D. , Anderson Matthew A. , Chen Feng , Willliams Ernest , Place Allen R. , Zmora Odi , Zohar Yonathan , Zheng Tianling , Hill Russell T. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT

Increasing petroleum costs and climate change have resulted in microalgae receiving attention as potential biofuel producers. Little information is available on the diversity and functions of bacterial communities associated with biofuel-producing algae. A potential biofuel-producing microalgal strain,
Nannochloropsis oceanica
IMET1, was grown in Permian groundwater. Changes in the bacterial community structure at three temperatures were monitored by two culture-independent methods, and culturable bacteria were characterized. After 9 days of incubation,
N. oceanica
IMET1 began to aggregate and precipitate in cultures grown at 30°C, whereas cells remained uniformly distributed at 15°C and 25°C. The bacterial communities in cultures at 30°C changed markedly. Some bacteria isolated only at 30°C were tested for their potential for aggregating microalgae. A novel bacterium designated HW001 showed a remarkable ability to aggregate
N. oceanica
IMET1, causing microalgal cells to aggregate after 3 days of incubation, while the total lipid content of the microalgal cells was not affected. Direct interaction of HW001 and
N. oceanica
is necessary for aggregation. HW001 can also aggregate the microalgae
N. oceanica
CT-1,
Tetraselmis suecica
, and
T. chuii
as well as the cyanobacterium
Synechococcus
WH8007. 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated the great novelty of this strain, which exhibited only 89% sequence similarity with any previously cultured bacteria. Specific primers targeted to HW001 revealed that the strain originated from the Permian groundwater. This study of the bacterial communities associated with potential biofuel-producing microalgae addresses a little-investigated area of microalgal biofuel research and provides a novel approach to harvest biofuel-producing microalgae by using the novel bacterium strain HW001.
Cellular Response of Campylobacter jejuni to Trisodium Phosphate
Authors: Riedel Charlotte Tandrup , Cohn Marianne Thorup , Stabler Richard A. , Wren Brendan , Brøndsted Lone 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT

The highly alkaline compound trisodium phosphate (TSP) is used as an intervention to reduce the load of
Campylobacter
on poultry meat in U.S. poultry slaughter plants. The aim of the present study was to investigate the cellular responses of
Campylobacter jejuni
NCTC11168 when exposed to sublethal concentrations of TSP. Preexposure of
C. jejuni
to TSP resulted in a significant increase in heat sensitivity, suggesting that a combined heat and TSP treatment may increase reduction of
C. jejuni
. A microarray analysis identified a limited number of genes that were differently expressed after sublethal TSP exposure; however, the response was mainly associated with ion transport processes.
C. jejuni
NCTC11168
nhaA1
(Cj1655c) and
nhaA2
(Cj1654c), which encode orthologues to the
Escherichia coli
NhaA cation/proton antiporter, were able to partially restore TSP, alkaline, and sodium resistance phenotypes to an
E. coli
cation/proton antiporter mutant. In addition, inhibition of
r
esistance-
n
odulation-cell
d
ivision (RND) multidrug efflux pumps by the inhibitor PaβN (Phe-Arg β-naphthylamide dihydrochloride) decreased tolerance to sublethal TSP. Therefore, we propose that NhaA1/NhaA2 cation/proton antiporters and RND multidrug efflux pumps function in tolerance to sublethal TSP exposure in
C. jejuni
.
Impact of Relative Humidity and Collection Media on Mycobacteriophage D29 Aerosol
Authors: Liu Keyang , Wen Zhanbo , Li Na , Yang Wenhui , Wang Jie , Hu Lingfei , Dong Xiaokai , Lu Jianchun , Li Jinsong 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of aerosol generation, methods of sampling, storage conditions, and relative humidity on the culturability of the mycobacteriophage D29. The lytic phage D29 can kill
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
, and the phage aerosol can be treated as a potential tool for tuberculosis treatment. The culturability of D29 was tested using a test chamber designed for the bioaerosols research against three spray liquids (deionized water, phosphate-buffered saline [PBS], and normal saline), four collection media (suspension medium [SM], nutrient broth, PBS, and deionized water), two sampling systems (the all-glass impinger AGI-30 and the Biosampler) and across a range of humidities (20 to 90%). The effect of storage conditions on the culturability of collected sample was also evaluated for the AGI-30 impinger. The results proved that viable phage D29 particles generated by deionized water were approximately 30- and 300-fold higher than PBS and normal saline, respectively. As collection media, SM buffer and nutrient broth were observed to yield a higher number of plaques compared to PBS and deionized water. No difference was observed in collection efficiency between AGI-30 and Biosampler with two detection methods (culture-based technique and real-time PCR). The culturability of collected D29 in SM buffer or nutrient broth can be maintained up to 12 h irrespective of storage temperature. Relative humidity was found to strongly influence airborne D29 culturability which is 2- to 20-fold higher in low humidity (25%) than medium (55%) or high (85%) humidity. This research will help identify the optimal means for the application of D29 aerosol in animal inhalation experiments.
Endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms in Loeys–Dietz syndrome
Authors: Levitt Michael R , Morton Ryan P , Mai Jeffrey C , Ghodke Basavaraj , Hallam Danial K 
Published: December 2011

BackgroundLoeys–Dietz syndrome (LDS) is an autosomal dominant connective tissue disorder characterized by extensive arterial aneurysms. The successful clipping of intracranial aneurysms in patients with LDS has been reported in a limited number of patients but endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms in LDS has never before been described. The first successful cases of endovascular management of five intracranial aneurysms in two patients with LDS are reported.Clinical presentationThe first patient was an asymptomatic 45-year-old woman with LDS and two incidentally discovered, unruptured wide necked aneurysms (6×5 mm and 4×2 mm) arising from the ophthalmic segment of the left internal carotid artery. Both aneurysms were successfully embolized via Neuroform stent assisted coiling. The second patient was an asymptomatic middle 40s woman with LDS found to have an unruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysm (7×4 mm) as well as two ophthalmic segment aneurysms (2.5×3.7 mm and 2.9×3.5 mm). All three aneurysms were successfully embolized via Neuroform stent assisted coiling in two staged procedures. There were no periprocedural complications in either patient. Long term follow-up imaging demonstrated durable embolization in all aneurysms in both patients.ConclusionThis is the first reported case series of endovascular management of intracranial aneurysms in the setting of LDS. The endovascular approach was safe, effective and durable in all aneurysms in both patients, and should be considered when treating patients with LDS and intracranial aneurysms.
Frameless multimodal image guidance of localized convection-enhanced delivery of therapeutics in the brain
Authors: van der Bom Imramsjah M J , Moser Richard P , Gao Guanping , Sena-Esteves Miguel , Aronin Neil , Gounis Matthew J 
Published: December 2011

IntroductionConvection-enhanced delivery (CED) has been shown to be an effective method of administering macromolecular compounds into the brain that are unable to cross the blood-brain barrier. Because the administration is highly localized, accurate cannula placement by minimally invasive surgery is an important requisite. This paper reports on the use of an angiographic c-arm system which enables truly frameless multimodal image guidance during CED surgery.MethodsA microcannula was placed into the striatum of five sheep under real-time fluoroscopic guidance using imaging data previously acquired by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and MRI, enabling three-dimensional navigation. After introduction of the cannula, high resolution CBCT was performed and registered with MRI to confirm the position of the cannula tip and to make adjustments as necessary. Adeno-associated viral vector-10, designed to deliver small-hairpin micro RNA (shRNAmir), was mixed with 2.0 mM gadolinium (Gd) and infused at a rate of 3 μl/min for a total of 100 μl. Upon completion, the animals were transferred to an MR scanner to assess the approximate distribution by measuring the volume of spread of Gd.ResultsThe cannula was successfully introduced under multimodal image guidance. High resolution CBCT enabled validation of the cannula position and Gd-enhanced MRI after CED confirmed localized administration of the therapy.ConclusionA microcannula for CED was introduced into the striatum of five sheep under multimodal image guidance. The non-alloy 300 μm diameter cannula tip was well visualized using CBCT, enabling confirmation of the position of the end of the tip in the area of interest.
SMYD3 Promotes Cancer Invasion by Epigenetic Upregulation of the Metalloproteinase MMP-9
Authors: Cock-Rada Alicia M. , Medjkane Souhila , Janski Natacha , Yousfi Nadhir , Perichon Martine , Chaussepied Marie , Chluba Johanna , Langsley Gordon , Weitzman Jonathan B. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Upregulation of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)–9 plays a central role in tumor progression and metastasis by stimulating cell migration, tumor invasion, and angiogenesis. To gain insights into MMP-9 expression, we investigated its epigenetic control in a reversible model of cancer that is initiated by infection with intracellular Theileria parasites. Gene induction by parasite infection was associated with trimethylation of histone H3K4 (H3K4me3) at the MMP-9 promoter. Notably, we found that the H3K4 methyltransferase SMYD3 was the only histone methyltransferase upregulated upon infection. SMYD3 is overexpressed in many types of cancer cells, but its contributions to malignant pathophysiology are unclear. We found that overexpression of SMYD3 was sufficient to induce MMP-9 expression in transformed leukocytes and fibrosarcoma cells and that proinflammatory phorbol esters further enhanced this effect. Furthermore, SMYD3 was sufficient to increase cell migration associated with MMP-9 expression. In contrast, RNA interference–mediated knockdown of SMYD3 decreased H3K4me3 modification of the MMP-9 promoter, reduced MMP-9 expression, and reduced tumor cell proliferation. Furthermore, SMYD3 knockdown also reduced cellular invasion in a zebrafish xenograft model of cancer. Together, our results define SMYD3 as an important new regulator of MMP-9 transcription, and they provide a molecular link between SMYD3 overexpression and metastatic cancer progression. Cancer Res; 72(3); 810–20. ©2011 AACR.
Metastatic Cells Can Escape the Proapoptotic Effects of TNF-α through Increased Autocrine IL-6/STAT3 Signaling
Authors: Li Shun , Wang Ni , Brodt Pnina 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The liver is a common site for cancer metastases in which the entrance of tumor cells has been shown to trigger a rapid inflammatory response. In considering how an inflammatory response may affect metastatic colonization in this setting, we hypothesized that tumor cells may acquire resistance to the proapoptotic and tumoricidal effects of TNF-α, a cytokine that is elevated in a proinflammatory tissue microenvironment. In this study, we investigated molecular mechanisms by which such resistance may emerge using tumor cells in which the overexpression of the type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR) enhanced the inflammatory and metastatic capacities of poorly metastatic cells in the liver. Mechanistic investigations in vitro revealed that IGF-IR overexpression increased cell survival in the presence of high levels of TNF-α, in a manner associated with increased autocrine production of interleukin-6 (IL)-6. In turn, tumor cell–derived IL-6 induced gp130 and IL-6R–dependent activation of STAT3, leading to reduced caspase-3 activation and apoptosis. We found that IL-6 production and cell death resistance were dose dependent with increasing TNF-α levels. In addition, RNA interference–mediated knockdown of either IL-6 or gp130 that established a blockade to autocrine STAT3 induction was sufficient to abolish the prosurvival effect of TNF-α and to inhibit liver metastasis. Taken together, our findings define an IGF-IR–mediated mechanism of cancer cell survival that is critical for metastatic colonization of the liver. Cancer Res; 72(4); 865–75. ©2011 AACR.
A Novel FoxM1-Caveolin Signaling Pathway Promotes Pancreatic Cancer Invasion and Metastasis
Authors: Huang Chen , Qiu Zhengjun , Wang Liwei , Peng Zhihai , Jia Zhiliang , Logsdon Craig D. , Le Xiangdong , Wei Daoyan , Huang Suyun , Xie Keping 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Caveolin-1 (Cav-1), a principal structural component of caveolar membrane domains, contributes to cancer development but its precise functional roles and regulation remain unclear. In this study, we determined the oncogenic function of Cav-1 in preclinical models of pancreatic cancer and in human tissue specimens. Cav-1 expression levels correlated with metastatic potential and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in both mouse and human pancreatic cancer cells. Elevated levels in cells promoted EMT, migration, invasion, and metastasis in animal models, whereas RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated knockdown inhibited these processes. We determined that levels of Cav-1 and the Forkhead transcription factor FoxM1 correlated directly in pancreatic cancer cells and tumor tissues. Enforced expression of FoxM1 increased Cav-1 levels, whereas RNAi-mediated knockdown of FoxM1 had the opposite effect. FoxM1 directly bound to the promoter region of Cav-1 gene and positively transactivated its activity. Collectively, our findings defined Cav-1 as an important downstream oncogenic target of FoxM1, suggesting that dysregulated signaling of this novel FoxM1-Cav-1 pathway promotes pancreatic cancer development and progression. Cancer Res; 72(3); 655–65. ©2011 AACR.
Short Telomere Length, Myocardial Infarction, Ischemic Heart Disease, and Early Death
Authors: Weischer Maren , Bojesen Stig E. , Cawthon Richard M. , Freiberg Jacob J. , Tybjærg-Hansen Anne , Nordestgaard Børge G. 
Published: December 2011

Objective—
We tested the hypothesis that short telomere length is associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction, ischemic heart disease, and early death.

Methods and Results—

We measured leukocyte telomere length in 2 prospective studies of 19 838 Danish general population participants from the Copenhagen City Heart Study and the Copenhagen General Population Study. Participants were followed for up to 19 years for incident myocardial infarction (n=929), ischemic heart disease (n=2038), and death (n=4342). Follow-up was 100% complete. Telomere length decreased linearly with increasing age in women and men in both studies (
P
=7×10
−74
to
P
=3×10
−125
). Multifactorially adjusted hazard ratios were 1.10 (95% CI 1.01–1.19) for myocardial infarction, 1.06 (1.00–1.11) for ischemic heart disease, and 1.09 (1.05–1.13) for early death per 1000–base pair decrease in telomere length. The multifactorially adjusted hazard ratios for the shortest versus the longest decile of telomere length were 1.49 (1.07–2.07) for myocardial infarction, 1.24 (1.01–1.53) for ischemic heart disease, and 1.25 (1.07–1.46) for early death.

Conclusion—
Short telomere length is associated with only modestly increased risk of myocardial infarction, ischemic heart disease, and early death.
Disparity in Left Ventricular Stimulation Among Different Pacing Configurations in Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Authors: Huizar Jose F. , Kaszala Karoly , Koneru Jayanthi , Kowalski Marcin , Thacker Leroy R. , Wood Mark A. , Ellenbogen Kenneth A. 
Published: December 2011

Background—
Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) demands high energy utilization due to continuous biventricular pacing. Current technology allows 6 pacing configurations for a bipolar left ventricular (LV) lead. Understanding the energy requirements for each configuration will allow optimization of pacing output.

Methods and Results—

Pacing impedance, LV voltage threshold at 1.5 ms (rheobase) and 0.4 ms and chronaxie were obtained in 6 LV configurations in 49 consecutive patients undergoing CRT implantation or replacement. Strength-duration curves were derived using the Lapicque formula. Pacing impedances and voltage thresholds at 1.5 and 0.4 ms, calculated minimum threshold energy at chronaxie, current drain, energy thresholds at 0.4 ms, and strength-duration curves were statistically different between LV configurations (
P
<0.05). The lowest threshold energy requirements were found in Tip→right ventricular (RV) coil and Tip→Can configuration. Energy strength-duration curves involving the ring as the cathode (Ring→RV, Ring→Can, and Ring→Tip) had the highest LV thresholds. The pacing configuration with the lowest energy threshold correlated 89% of the time with the lowest voltage threshold at 0.4 ms. The probability to reach LV thresholds <1.5 V at 0.4 ms was increased from 51% with 2 LV configurations to 67% with 6 LV configurations.

Conclusions—
Pacing impedance, LV thresholds, minimum threshold energy at chronaxie, current drain, voltage, and energy strength-duration curves were statistically different between LV pacing configurations. LV pacing configuration with the lowest voltage threshold does not always reflects the lowest energy threshold, particularly in the presence of a low impedance configuration. The availability of 6 LV configurations increases the probability of optimizing LV pacing output.
Sequential and Prosodic Design of English and Greek Non-Valenced News Receipts
Authors: Kaimaki Marianna 
Published: December 2011

Results arising from a prosodic and interactional study of the organization of everyday talk in English suggest that news receipts can be grouped into two categories: valenced (e.g., oh good) and non-valenced (e.g., oh really). In-depth investigation of both valenced and non-valenced news receipts shows that differences in their prosodic design do not seem to affect the sequential structure of the news informing sequence. News receipts with falling and rising pitch may have the same uptake and are treated in the same way by co-participants. A preliminary study of a Greek telephone corpus yielded the following receipts of news announcements: a malista, a(h) orea, a ne, a, oh. These are news markers composed of a standalone particle or a particle followed by an adverb or a response token ( ne). Analysis of the sequential and prosodic design of Greek news announcement sequences is made to determine any interactional patterns and/or prosodic constraints. By examining the way in which co-participants display their interpretation of these turns I show that the phonological systems of contrast are different depending on the sequential environment, in much the same way that consonantal systems of contrast are not the same syllable initially and finally.
Property-based rainwater drainage design and the impacts of climate change
Authors: Jack LB , Kelly DA 
Published: December 2011

Property-based rainwater drainage provision comprises a number of components broadly categorised as roof, surface or underground drainage. These systems are relied upon to prevent water ingress to the building and to avoid localised ponding or flooding. Recognition of the inherently unsteady response of the integrated network, in part driven by a particular rainfall event but also due to the transient nature of the fluid flows therein, is important in allowing an understanding of system performance under both current and future climate conditions. Codes and standards suggest that roof drainage systems, conventional or siphonic, are designed using a single rainfall intensity figure, representative of the most intense part of a longer storm, whereas runoff to surface and underground drainage is typically based on a single-peaked rainfall profile. Together with the difference in event duration typically adopted as part of the design process, this means that, unless a straightforward uplift factor is applied, then understanding the potential impacts of climate change on overall system performance can be difficult. Using numerical modelling techniques to analyse the performance of a case study site located in Edinburgh, this research identifies an appropriate common rainfall event from which a system-specific exceedance threshold is identified. Specification of this rainfall intensity facilitates an exploration of the impacts of climate change undertaken within the context of UKCP09 projections. Using gutter overtopping as an indicator of failure, this paper explores possible changes in the frequency of system under-capacity under varying future climate change scenarios. Practical application: Engineers are encouraged, in relevant codes and standards, to take account of the potential impacts of climate change when designing rainwater drainage systems for buildings. However, little guidance is offered therein on how to achieve this. This paper presents an example of UKCP09 climate change projections, specifically Weather Generator precipitation data, applied to a case study site that integrates roof, surface and underground drainage networks. Results illustrate the possible change in frequency of system failure, identified in this case as gutter overtopping.
The Necessity of Dissection of Level IIb in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Dündar Rıza , Aslan Hale , Özbay Can , Başoğlu Sinan , Adadan Güvenç Işıl , Ay Öğredik Evren , Öztürkcan Sedat , Tayfun Mehmet Ali , Katılmış Hüseyin 
Published: December 2011

ObjectiveHead and neck squamous cell carcinomas readily metastasize to adjacent cervical lymph nodes. This is seen frequently in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), and neck dissection may be performed in addition to excision of the primary lesion. The aim of this study was to define the frequency of level IIb metastasis to the lymph nodes in patients who underwent selective neck dissection because of LSCC.Study Design and SettingCross‐sectional study with planned data collection in a tertiary referral hospital.Subjects and MethodsEighty‐one patients diagnosed with LSCC were accepted into the study. One hundred forty‐eight neck dissection specimens were examined histopathologically, and those with level IIb metastasis were identified. The frequency of level IIb metastasis was evaluated in accordance with the primary tumor site, clinical N stage, central tumor presence, and T stage.ResultsForty‐seven of 81 patients were clinically N−, and 34 patients were clinically N+. Level IIb metastasis was seen in 5 (6%) of 81 patients, representing 5 of 148 neck dissection specimens. Two of these 5 patients were clinically N+ (6%), and 3 were clinically N− (6%). The relationship between level IIb metastasis and clinical N stage was not statistically significant (P ≥. 05). Likewise, no statistically significant relationships between the other parameters and level IIb involvement were found.ConclusionLevel IIb nodal involvement is very rare in LSCC. Therefore, the area can generally be preserved in elective neck dissection to lessen morbidity and, specifically, to avoid damaging the function of the spinal accessory nerve.