bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Your good days and your bad days’ An exploration and consideration of how lay people conceptualize depression
Authors: HOGG C. 
Published: May 2011

Accessible summaryThis paper presents findings from one part of a research study exploring lay people's beliefs and attitudes to mental disorder.
Twenty‐two ‘lay people’ (i.e. people who did not have professional qualifications in mental health care), were interviewed.
The interviews used open‐ended questions and a vignette describing a woman experiencing depression.
The findings of the study show that:
The people interviewed had a good understanding of depression. They were able to identify the symptoms of depression in the case study.
They were able to discuss depression at length, using either their own experiences of depression or through people they knew with the disorder.
Many people saw depression as ‘part of life’ and as a social condition as opposed to an illness.
The paper argues that lay people in this research study had a clear understanding of depression and that it was not a taboo or stigmatizing issue as is suggested in the prevailing literature.
AbstractDepression remains a significant public health issue globally; 121 million people are affected by depression health education campaigns. Regardless of the prevalence of depression and recent health education campaigns to reduce the burden of depression, many people are still stigmatized and sometimes excluded from the society in which they live. Using qualitative research, the aim of this study was to explore lay people's perceptions and attitudes of mental disorder and in particular depression. A purposive sample of 22 lay people were each asked to read a case scenario which was then followed up by the researcher using open‐ended questions to explore their knowledge and attitudes and beliefs relating to depression. The data was analysed using Braun & Clarke's strategy of thematic analysis. The results revealed that many of the participants were familiar with the concept of depression, either through their own experiences of the disorder or through knowing people with depression. The participants also drew from psychosocial explanations of depression and located depression as part of the human condition. The paper suggests that lay people's concepts of depression offer rich complex and diverse perspectives that enhance professional views and may lead to a greater understanding of uptake and acceptance of care for depression.
Childhood internalizing behaviour: analysis and implications
Authors: LIU J. , CHEN X. , LEWIS G. 
Published: May 2011

Accessible summary
Important internalizing conditions include depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, somatic complaints and teenage suicide.
Genetic, environmental and social factors have been implicated as potential causes. Data on the prevalence of these disorders varies.
Although cognitive‐behavioural and pharmacological approaches therapies have been effective in managing symptoms, prevention programmes aimed at reducing exposure to drugs, environmental chemicals and violence/abuse are also important given the large role that environmental and social factors play.
Apart from the significant impact internalizing behaviour can have by itself, it is also associated with other negative outcomes including other psychological disorders.
Therefore, implementing early treatment and prevention programmes for internalizing disorders needs to be a priority in order to pre‐empt these serious consequences.
AbstractThe concept of ‘internalizing behaviour’ reflects a child's emotional or psychological state and typically includes depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, somatic complaints and teenage suicide. Genetic and environmental causes have been largely implicated, although research continues to explore social etiological factors. Some research suggests females may be especially vulnerable to internalizing disorders, while data across ethnicities are somewhat variable. Regarding treatment, cognitive‐behavioural therapies and use of pharmacological approaches (i.e. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) have both shown great promise in reducing symptoms of internalizing disorders. However, given the role of the social environment, prevention programmes aimed at reducing exposure to drugs, violence/abuse and environmental toxins are highly important. Internalizing disorders are associated with a host of deleterious outcomes (e.g. school drop‐out, substance use and potentially suicide) as well as psychopathological outcomes (e.g. co‐morbid anxiety or depression, externalizing disorders – including suicide). Children with mental health problems suffer educationally and are more likely to become entangled in the justice and welfare systems. Clearly, early treatment and prevention programmes for internalizing disorders need to be a priority from a public health perspective as well as from a family and community perspective.
Arginase‐1‐expressing macrophages are dispensable for resistance to infection with the gastrointestinal helminth Trichuris muris
Authors: BOWCUTT R. , BELL L. V. , LITTLE M. , WILSON J. , BOOTH C. , MURRAY P. J. , ELSE K. J. , CRUICKSHANK S. M. 
Published: May 2011

SummaryAlternatively activated macrophages (AAMs) have key roles in the immune response to a variety of gastrointestinal helminths such as Heligmosomoides bakeri and Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. In addition, AAMs have been implicated in the resolution of infection‐induced pathology in Schistosoma mansoni infection. AAMs exert their activity in part via the enzyme arginase‐1 (Arg1), which hydrolyses l‐arginine into urea and ornithine, and can supply precursor substrate for proline and polyamine production. Trichuris muris is a worm that resides in the large intestine with resistance being characterized by a Th2 T‐cell response, which drives alternatively activated macrophage production in the local environment of the infection. To investigate the role of AAMs in T. muris infection, we used independent genetic and pharmacologic models of arginase deficiency. In acute infection and Th2‐dominated immunity, arginase‐deficient models expelled worms normally. Macrophage‐Arg1‐deficient mice showed cytokine and antibody levels comparable to wild‐type animals in acute and chronic infection. We also found no role for AAMs and Arg1 in infection‐induced pathology in the response to T. muris in either chronic (Th1 dominated) or acute (Th2 dominated) infections. Our data demonstrate that, unlike other gastrointestinal helminths, Arg1 expression in AAMs is not essential for resistance to T. muris in effective resolution of helminth‐induced inflammation.
Colonization with community‐acquired methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus in children with atopic dermatitis: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Balma‐Mena Alexandra , Lara‐Corrales Irene , Zeller Jeanne , Richardson Susan , McGavin Martin J. , Weinstein Miriam , Pope Elena 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackground  Bacterial infection with Staphylococcus aureus is a common complication of atopic dermatitis (AD). The incidence of community‐acquired methicillin‐resistant S. aureus infection (MRSA) in the AD population is unknown.Objectives  This study aimed to assess the prevalence of S. aureus and MRSA in pediatric patients with AD, to compare disease severity, and to characterize the clonal diversity of the isolates.Methods  We carried out a prospective, cross‐sectional study of 200 patients with AD. The severity of AD was defined as mild, moderate, or severe depending on a composite AD severity score. A swab was taken from the nares of each patient and another from affected skin or folds. Genotyping of all S. aureus isolates was conducted by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the S. aureus protein A (spa) gene.Results  According to the severity score, 66.5% of subjects were ranked as having mild AD, 29.5% as having moderate and 4% as having severe AD. Staphylococcus aureus colonization was seen in 61.5% of all patients, represented by 43.7% of skin swabs and 48% of nares swabs. Only one of the isolations represented MRSA. Older age and higher AD severity scores were associated with S. aureus colonization (P = 0.03 and P < 0.001, respectively). No significant associations were noted for attendance at day care, family members with frequent skin infections, or family members working in healthcare. Isolates from spa CC015 were cultured in 19.2% of patient samples. The single MRSA culture showed a new spa type that belonged to CC127.Conclusions  The results of this study confirm a high rate of S. aureus colonization of pediatric patients with AD. The low rate of MRSA requires further proof from larger prospective studies.
Prematurity: is it a risk factor for striae distensae?
Authors: Kelekci Kiymet Handan , Kelekci Sefa , Destegul Emre , Aksoy Ayhan , Sut Necdet , Yilmaz Bulent 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackground  Although the causes of striae distensae (SD) remain to be elucidated, the condition is known to relate to changes in the structures that provide the skin with its tensile strength and elasticity.Objective  This study was conducted to evaluate whether premature birth is a risk factor for SD.Methods  A total of 15,475 parous women ranging in age from 18‐45 years were interviewed between January 2007 and June 2009. After exclusion criteria were applied, a total of 1336 women were included in the study. Group 1 consisted of 1231 women of reproductive age who had been born at term. Group 2 included 105 women of reproductive age who had been born prematurely. The main outcome measure was the prevalence of SD.Results  The overall prevalence of SD was 34.6% (462/1336). Mild SD was significantly more common (P < 0.01) in women who had been born prematurely (49.5%) than in women who had been born at term (31.8%). A multivariate analysis using backward stepwise logistic regression analysis identified that height, weight, gravidity, parity and abortion were found to be significantly associated with SD.Conclusions  Striae distensae was significantly more common in women who had been born prematurely than in women who had been born at term.
Long‐term results of the percutaneous transhepatic venoplasty of portal vein stenoses after pediatric liver transplantation
Authors: Carnevale Francisco Cesar , de Tarso Machado Alexandre , Moreira Airton Mota , dos Santos Aline Christine Barbosa , da Motta‐Leal‐Filho Joaquim Mauricio , Suzuki Lisa , Cerri Giovanni Guido , Tannuri Uenis 
Published: May 2011

Carnevale FC, de Tarso Machado A, Moreira AM, dos Santos ACB, da Motta‐Leal‐Filho JM, Suzuki L, Cerri GG, Tannuri U. Long‐term results of the percutaneous transhepatic venoplasty of portal vein stenoses after pediatric liver transplantation.  Pediatr Transplantation 2011: 15: 476–481. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  This paper has the objective to evaluate retrospectively the long‐term results of transhepatic treatment of PV stenoses after pediatric LT. During an eight‐yr period, 15 children with PV stenoses underwent PTA with balloon dilation or stent placement in case of PTA failure after LT. Patients’ body weights ranged from 9.3 to 46 kg (mean, 15.5 kg). PV patency was evaluated in the balloon dilation and in the stent placement groups. Technical and clinical successes were achieved in all cases with no complication. Eleven patients (11/15; 73.3%) were successfully treated by single balloon dilation. Four patients (4/15; 26.7%) needed stent placement. One patient was submitted to stent placement during the same procedure because of PTA failure. The other three developed clinical signs of portal hypertension because of PV restenoses two, eight, and twenty‐eight months after the first PTA. They had to be submitted to a new procedure with stent placement. The follow‐up time ranged from 3 to 8.1 yr (mean, 6.3 yr). In conclusion, transhepatic treatment of PV stenoses after pediatric LT with balloon dilation or stent placement demonstrated to be a safe and effective treatment that results in long‐term patency.
Human dendritic cells transfected with amplified MUC1 mRNA stimulate cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses against pancreatic cancer in vitro
Authors: Chen Jiang , Li Hong‐Yu , Wang Di , Zhao Jia‐Jun , Guo Xiao‐Zhong 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackground and Aim:  Mucin (MUC) 1 is an epithelial cell glycoprotein that is aberrantly overexpressed in many adenocarcinomas, including pancreatic cancer (PC), providing an ideal tumor‐associated antigen and target for immunotherapy. In this study, we investigated whether the cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) induced by dendritic cells (DCs) transfected with amplified MUC1 mRNA could respond against PC in vitro.Methods:  Amplified mRNA encoding MUC1 were transfected into DCs using electroporation with an optimized setting and the MUC1 expression were evaluated by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. The MUC1 specific CTL responses were measured using the standard chromium 51 (51Cr)‐release assays and the interferon‐γ release assay.Results:  Dendritic cells could be transfected with amplified MUC1 mRNA efficiently. The transfected DCs were remarkably effective in stimulating MUC1‐specific CTL responses in vitro. The function of MUC1 specific CTLs, induced by MUC1 mRNA‐transfected DCs, was restricted by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigen presentation.Conclusion:  The CTL responses stimulated by DCs transfected with MUC1 mRNA could only recognize and lyse HLA‐A2+/MUC1+ PC and other target cells under restriction by MHC class I‐specific antigen presentation, providing a preclinical rationale for using MUC1 as a target structure for immunotherapeutic strategies against PC.
Prevalence of two homologous genes encoding glycosyltransferases of Helicobacter pylori in the United States and Japan
Authors: Matsuda Miyuki , Shiota Seiji , Matsunari Osamu , Watada Masahide , Murakami Kazunari , Fujioka Toshio , Yamaoka Yoshio 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackground and Aim:  jhp0562 and β‐(1,3)galT (jhp0563) of Helicobacter pylori have been suggested as novel virulent factors; however, the clinical associations and functions of these genes remain unclear. We examined the prevalence of jhp0562, β‐(1,3)galT, and cagA in the United States (US) and Japanese populations.Methods:  A total of 308 strains (171 from the US and 137 from Japan) were examined for the status of jhp0562, β‐(1,3)galT, and cagA by polymerase chain reaction.Results:  There were significant differences in the status of jhp0562, β‐(1,3)galT and cagA between the US and Japanese populations (P < 0.001). In the US, the prevalence of β‐(1,3)galT was significantly lower in strains isolated from patients with duodenal ulcer (DU) or gastric ulcer (GU) than those with gastritis (47.8% and 32.1% vs 72.0%, P < 0.01), and the absence of β‐(1,3)galT was an independent factor discriminating DU and GU from gastritis (adjusted odds ratios, 4.21 and 8.52; 95% confidence intervals, 1.75 to 10.12 and 2.76 to 26.33, respectively). In the US, the prevalence of the jhp0562‐positive/β‐(1,3)galT‐negative genotype was significantly higher in strains from DU and GU patients than in those from gastritis patients (50.0%, 67.9%, and 24.4%, P < 0.01) and the cagA status was significantly correlated with that of jhp0562 and inversely correlated with that of β‐(1,3)galT. In contrast, the prevalence of these three genes was not significantly different in Japan.Conclusions:  jhp0562 or β‐(1,3)galT can be used to discriminate peptic ulcers from gastritis in the US, but not in Japan.
Th17 cells are increased with severity of liver inflammation in patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Chang Qing , Wang Yan‐Kun , Zhao Qing , Wang Chang‐Zheng , Hu Ya‐Zhuo , Wu Ben‐Yan 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackground and Aim:  As a newly identified subset of T helper cells, T‐helper 17 cells (Th17) are major mediators of inflammation‐associated disease. Some reports have revealed significantly increased Th17 cells in hepatitis B virus‐infected patients, and a recent study has demonstrated that hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐specific Th17 cells can be induced in vitro and regulated by transforming growth factor‐β. This study attempted to characterize the role of Th17 cells in the disease progression of chronic hepatitis C (CHC).Methods:  The current study enrolled 53 patients with CHC and 23 healthy controls, in which the circulating and liver‐infiltrating Th17 cells were monitored.Results:  We found that CHC patients had increased proportions of both circulating and liver‐infiltrating Th17 cells compared to healthy individuals, and both measures of Th17 cells were correlated with severity of liver inflammation. We further demonstrated that the HCV‐specific Th17 cells were correlated with liver damage but not HCV viral replication.Conclusions:  Such a correlation between the severity of liver damage of CHC and Th17 cells illustrated in this study sheds some light on the understanding of the pathogenesis of CHC.
Internet‐based approach to population screening for common hemoglobinopathies in United Arab Emirates
Authors: Matar Maryam , Naveed Mohammed , Salim Sajala , Hareb Nevin , Alba Emayla , Hino Minako , Nitta Takenori , Adhiyanto Chris , Yamashiro Yasuhiro , Hattori Yukio 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis article reports on efforts to overcome common hurdles that were faced during population‐based screening for common hemoglobinopathies in the United Arab Emirates. An Internet‐based approach was designed and implemented to increase the acceptance of the screening program. The process involved: an awareness campaign, a simple bilingual (Arabic/English) online consent form and registration process, the use of a barcode for sample labeling, an equipment upgrade, electronic communication of a successful registration process, test results, and a counseling process. Before the implementation of the Internet‐based system, great concern was noted among the clients in terms of the availability of accurate and timely test results, the need for pretest and post‐test counseling, and the way that their personal health information was handled. Lapses in information exchange between the clients who participated in the screening program for the carrier state of inherited disorders and the screening laboratory posed significant challenges. The emphasis on confidentiality and the ease of access to services was instrumental in increasing the level of acceptance of these services in our community. Based on an analysis of > 10,000 samples, we conclude that Internet–based reporting holds much promise for improving the quality of care that clients receive.
The papal anatomist: Eustachius in renaissance Rome
Authors: Simpson Donald 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBartholomeo Eustachi, usually latinized as Eustachius, was an important anatomist in the 16th century, arguably second only to his contemporary and rival Andreas Vesalius. He was the first to identify several important anatomical structures, including the suprarenal glands, though he was probably not the first to describe the Eustachian tube. However, it has been hard to evaluate his achievements, because during his lifetime he published only some short monographs, and his career as a teacher in Rome is not well documented. He and his assistant P.M. Pini were the first to use copper plate engravings to illustrate human and animal anatomy, but most of their engravings were not published in their time, and the original plates were lost for some 140 years after the death of Eustachius. Early in the 18th century, these plates were rediscovered by the anatomist and papal physician G.M. Lancisi; he published the engravings in a book which aroused much interest and many reprintings. In 1744, Bernhard Siegfried Albinus of Leiden University published a version of these engravings, with commentaries by himself.The engraved illustrations prepared by Eustachius and Pini are clear and largely accurate. They idealize the findings of actual dissections, and have a diagrammatic quality that facilitates understanding and memory. They are the ancestors of later anatomical atlases, which have helped generations of surgeons in teaching and in planning operations.
Predictors for clinically relevant Gleason score upgrade in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy
Authors: Thomas Christian , Pfirrmann Karin , Pieles Frauke , Bogumil Alexander , Gillitzer Rolf , Wiesner Christoph , Thüroff Joachim W. , Melchior Sebastian W. 
Published: May 2011

Study Type – Diagnostic (exploratory cohort)Level of Evidence 2bWhat’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? Clinically relevant GSU in the prostatectomy specimen is a common phenomenon.Clinically relevant GSU occurs in one of three patients with clinically ‘very’ low‐risk PCa, and a low number of biopsy cores is the key negative predictor.OBJECTIVE• To evaluate clinical predictors for Gleason score upgrade (GSU) in radical prostatectomy (RP) specimen, especially in patients with ‘very’ low risk PCA (T1c and biopsy Gleason score ≤6 and PSA <10 ng/ml and ≤2 positive biopsy cores and PSA density <0.15).Patients and Methods• 402 consecutive patients undergoing RP between 2004 and 2006, including a subgroup of 62 patients with ‘very’ low risk PCA, were examined.• Patients were categorized for clinically relevant GSU (defined as upgrade into a higher PCA risk category).• Parameters including number of biopsy cores obtained, positive biopsy cores, prostate weight, PSA, DRE and pathology department were evaluated for their role as predictors.• Furthermore, GSU in RP specimen was analyzed for its impact on pT‐stage.RESULTS• Clinically relevant GSU occurred in 38.1% in the whole cohort and in 32.3% in the ‘very’ low risk PCA subgroup. Gleason score downgrade (GSD) occurred in 4.7%.• Number of biopsy cores obtained and prostate weight were independent negative predictors of GSU in all 402 patients (P = 0.02 and P = 0.03, respectively).• In the ‘very’ low risk group, only number of biopsy cores obtained revealed as an independent negative predictor of GSU (P = 0.02).• PSA, DRE, number of positive cores or pathology department were not associated to GSU.• In the ‘very’ low risk group, GSU was related with extracapsular tumor extension (P = 0.05).Conclusions• Clinically relevant GSU in RP specimen is still a challenging problem.• Increasing the number of biopsy cores lower this risk significantly. GSD is rare and thus of minor importance for treatment decisions.
Management of the bladder in traumatic injuries of the spinal cord during the First World War and its implications for the current practice of urology
Authors: Silver John R. 
Published: May 2011

What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? Prior to the First World War, traumatic injuries to the spinal cord rapidly led to death from severe infections of the bladder. During the Second World War, Ludwig Guttmann resurrected the use of intermittent catheterisation at Stoke Mandeville Hospital, by meticulous attention to detail and was so successful, that this method was introduced into general urological practice.Historical review of the management of the bladder in patients with spinal injuries. Spinal injury patients – literature review – personal experience at Stoke Mandeville Hospital. Review of the different methods of catheterisation from the 19th century to today. Methods learned from the management of the bladder of spinal injuries patients were adopted into mainstream urology.