bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Videodisc mapping
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

A new corporation based in Alexandria, Va., has developed a mapping system that could be useful to organizations requiring rapid access to a large stock of pictures, maps, and graphics displays.Geoview, Inc., utilizes optical videodiscs and microcomputer systems to make movie maps, which are designed to provide a compact means of storing large amounts of information in the form of maps, photographs, text, drawings, and blueprints and to provide quick access to the material. What is stored is multiple levels of detail of the information. Depending upon the extent of information required, the user is able to control the route of travel, viewpoint, degree of magnification, rate of speed, and access to related data, and have it all projected on a television screen. Each optical videodisc, resembling a phonograph record, can contain about 54,000 separate frames of information.
JOIDES Office
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The Office of the Joint Oceanographic Institutions for Deep Earth Sampling (JOIDES), the international group of scientific institutions that gives scientific guidance to the Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP), will be located at the University of Miami's Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science from July 1, 1982, to June 30, 1984. The university is one of 15 member institutions of JOIDES; 14 of these are active, and 10 are in the United States.While JOIDES is based at the Rosenstiel School, Alan Berman, new dean of the school, will serve as chairman of the group's executive committee. Jose Honnorez, professor of marine geology at Rosenstiel, is chairman of the JOIDES planning committee. He will direct the office, which is responsible for the coordination of the planning committee and 13 advisory panels and nine working groups.
Earthquake research needed in California
Authors: Bell Peter M. 
Published: October 2011

According to an analysis by a group of seismologists and tectonophysicists from the Lamont‐Doherty Geological Observatory of Columbia University and the Seismological Laboratory of the California Institute of Technology, there is an imperative need for extensive studies of the San Andreas fault system throughout its extent within the state of California. Although there is considerable controversy surrounding the question of which segment of the San Andreas system may produce the next earthquake, C.B. Raleigh, K. Sieh, L.R. Sykes, and D.L. Anderson report that ‘… it is conceivable that the entire fault in southern California could rupture at once.’ (Science, Sept. 17, 1982).The fears that a major earthquake may occur at anytime in southern California are based on numerous statistical factors underlying the idea that ‘The longer it's been since the last big one, the sooner the next one will be.’ The timing of earthquakes along active seismic zones, particularly those that coincide with plate boundaries, seems to be directly related to the amount of displacement generated since the last such earthquake at the same location. For example, the recurrence rate of about 150 years for great earthquakes along the San Andreas fault in southern California and the displacement rate of about 3 cm per year for the segment of the last earthquake from Cholame Valley to Cajon Pass in 1857 suggest that the next such large event may occur in the near future. On this basis Raleigh et al. (Science, sup.) conclude that ‘Both observations mark the San Andreas fault north and east of Los Angeles as a mature seismic gap and the prime candidate for producing southern California's next great earthquake.’ The expected consequences are described as appalling and as having a ‘… potential for severe losses of life and property from such a great earthquake…’ The worst case, cited in a report issued by the National Security Council through the Federal Emergency Management Administration in 1980 for an earthquake magnitude of M=7.5 in southern California near Long Beach, could cause the loss of 20,000 lives and $69 billion in property damages.
Minority Fellowships
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The National Research Council plans to award approximately 35 postdoctoral fellowships for minorities in a program providing opportunities for continued education and experience in research to American Indians and Alaskan natives (Eskimo or Aleut), Black Americans, Mexican Americans, and Puerto Ricans. Fellowship recipients will be selected from among scientists, engineers, and humanities scholars who show greatest promise of future achievement in academic research and scholarship in higher education.In this national competition sponsored by the Ford Foundation, citizens of the United States who are members of one of the designated minority groups, who are preparing for or already engaged in college or university teaching, and who hold doctoral degrees may apply for a fellowship award of 1‐year's duration.
MMS, BLM assessed
Authors: Richman Barbara T. 
Published: October 2011

After reviewing the Department of the Interior's organizational structure for federal energy and minerals resource management, the U.S. General Accounting Office (GAO) concluded that the ‘accountability and management of minerals programs are weakened by the current split of responsibilities between the Bureau of Land Management [BLM] and Minerals Management Service [MMS].’ Moreover, ‘to facilitate efficient, comprehensive management of these resources and to clarify lines of authority and accountability,’ GAO recommends that ‘to the extent permitted by law’ Secretary of the Interior James Watt should ‘consolidate the department's onshore minerals management responsibilities in the Minerals Management Service.’Mineral management programs within BLM are fragmented, GAO says, which makes for difficult routine monitoring of program costs and results. ‘As major sources of federal receipts and domestic supplies of fuel and nonfuel minerals, these resource management programs require, but are lacking, clear lines of repsonsibility and organization for efficient operations and program review.’ However, MMS ‘has the potential to provide comprehensive management of these resources,’ GAO concludes.
Centaur upper‐stage rocket for shuttle
Authors: Bell Peter M. 
Published: October 2011

A popular topic for discussion among those still hoping that the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) space shuttle will be able to launch large scientific space probes from earth orbit is the matter of the so‐called US, or upper‐stage, rocket vehicle. Programs slated for the middle of the decade that include sending probes deep into space will not be possible without a very powerful upper‐stage rocket, and thus there was a surge of optimism among space scientists and NASA officials this past September when Congress voted not to eliminate the big Centaur rocket from space shuttle's portion of the NASA 1983 fiscal year budget.Support for construction of the Centaur followed the Air Force's requirement for greater lifting power because of the shielding required to prevent contamination of certain classified payloads (Science, 1 October 1982). The large rocket will also be needed to place massive communications satellites into geosynchronous earth orbit.
Meteorites: A Petrologic‐Chemical Synthesis
Authors: Duke M. B. 
Published: October 2011

Meteoritics is an intricate multidimensional jigsaw puzzle where most of the pieces are missing and where recognizing which pieces fit requires powers of observation that are inadequately developed. In such a discipline, the role of the summarizer is to describe the current appearance of the puzzle in order to assist those who will continue the construction and to convince others that the matched pieces really fit.Dodd summarizes meteoritics up to about 1980 in a format suitable for use as a textbook in a university course. The viewpoint is largely petrographic, but he introduces many aspects of meteorite chemistry and chronology necessary to recognize the pieces that may, or may not, fit the puzzle. The petrographic approach is valid because meteoritics is still in its description and classification stage; however, he acknowledges that study of the cache of meteorites, discovered recently in Antarctica, may add to and partially modify the descriptive framework. He describes a current consensus, which considers carbonaceous chondrites and ordinary chondrites as separable groups (and subgroups), enstatite chondrites and achondrites as a related assemblage, iron meteorites and pallasites as possible relatives, the eucrites, howardites, diogenites, and mesosiderites as genetic relatives, plus a number of unclassified achondrites and metallic meteorites that may be unrelated to the others. Recent major advances in understanding the origin of meteorites and the relationship of the groups discussed include the characterization of calc‐aluminous inclusions (CAI) in carbonaceous chondrites and the discovery of isotopic anomalies that apparently reflect the pre‐solar and initial processes of solar system formation; the characterization of chondrules in unequilibrated ordinary chondrites that apparently formed in different environments than the CAI and may have been metamorphosed to form equilibrated chondrites; an understanding through isotopic studies that the formative period of chondrites was probably less than 100 million years after condensation began in the solar system, with the carbonaceous chondrites representing an earlier stage than the ordinary chondrites; that iron meteorites, pallasites, and enstatite meteorites are inadequately studied, but show more variety and sub‐classification than was possible in the past; and that the eucrite association represents basaltic volcanism shortly after the origin of the solar system. The current view is that most of the meteorites formed in smallish asteroidal bodies, although recently there have been speculations that the rare unassociated Shergottite achondrites may be from a Mars‐like planet. The range of possible meteorite formation scenarios is growing somewhat more limited; however, the complexity and diversity of parent bodies is more evident now than it was ten years ago, and a uniform model for solar system formation and early planetary history is still far off.
Eden chairs AGU Meetings
Authors: Richman Barbara T. 
Published: October 2011

The earth‐related sciences are in a time of great excitement, and, moreover, we are seeing the advent of a strong multidisciplinary approach to the underlying themes in these sciences, according to H. Frank Eden, the recently appointed AGU Meetings Chairman for 1983 and 1984. He succeeds Martin Walt, who completes his term as Meetings Chairman with the upcoming meeting. Eden and Walt have been working closely on the 1982 Fall MeetingAs senior science associate of the National Science Foundation's Directorate for Astronomical, Atmospheric, Earth, and Ocean Sciences (AAEO), Eden brings to the chairmanship a multidisciplinary approach from AAEO that is akin to AGU's longtime approach to its annual meetings. ‘The broad spectrum of disciplines genuinely interests me. I think the fact that scientists from all these disciplines get together twice each year is unique’ and is one of AGU's major strengths, he said. ‘I don't know any other broad branch of science where this happens.’ The best evidence of this approach at work is the increasing number of papers presented at the AGU meetings; this year's Fall Meeting is the largest AGU meeting ever, necessitating 8 full days of sessions.
Edward O. Hulburt 1890–1982
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Edward Olson Hulburt was born in Vermillion, South Dakota, on October 12, 1890, and died at his home in Easton, Maryland, on October 11, 1982. For 31 years he carried on a distinguished research career at the Naval Research Laboratory. From 1924 to 1949 he was head of the Physical Optics Division; then from 1949 to 1955 he served as the Laboratory's first director of research.At his passing, Hulburt was perhaps the last of a remarkable generation of scientists who participated in the discovery of the ionosphere and developed much of our earliest understanding of solar terrestrial relationships. The story of those early years of discovery contains Hulburt's most brilliant research.
Science education problems summarized
Authors: Richman Barbara T. 
Published: October 2011

Chief among the concerns over the declining quality of science, mathematics, and technology education is declining achievement and participation at a time of increasing national needs, according to the first formal report of the National Science Board Commission on Precollege Education in Mathematics, Science, and Technology. The report defines the problems and sets the stage for the next year's work. The commission, formed earlier this year (Eos, June 15, p. 538), will conclude its 18—month effort next October.Exacerbating the education problems, the report says, are a growing shortage of qualified secondary school mathematics and physical science teachers; inadequate classroom facilities and instructional time; and curricula sorely in need of revision. The report also concludes that ’in general, precollege mathematics, science, and technology instruction has yet to take advantage of the advances in technology and behavioral sciences of the past 20 years.’
[Comment on “Natural and man‐made hazards”]“Hazards Session” wins support
Authors: Johnson A. Ivan 
Published: October 2011

Joseph V. Smith's ‘Hazards session’ proposal (Eos, September 14, Forum section) was very interesting and well worth serious consideration by AGU. Scientists should become more active in public affairs, especially in providing the scientific facts that can contribute to rational public decisions. The proposed special sessions would have even more impact if they were followed by a published summary that could be presented to appropriate public officials.In addition to the list provided by Smith, there are a number of hydrologic hazards, such as floods, that could be considered. A hazard of special interest to me is land subsidence, or land‐surface sinking. To a large extent this is a man‐induced hazard resulting from the withdrawal of water, oil, or gas from subsurface zones and which can create, for example, such serious conditions as the 9m (29 ft) of subsidence that has occurred since 1925 in the San Joaquin Valley, California (see cover). Because subsidence frequently occurs so subtly and slowly that it does not make news headlines, the public doesn't become concerned until the situation is of crisis proportions.
Bacon‐Bercy Award To Hart
Authors: Richman Barbara T. 
Published: October 2011

‘I was five years old when I first asked my mother about the lights in the night sky, and I haven't run out of questions yet.’ So says Helen Hart, the 1982 recipient of the June Bacon‐Bercy Scholarship for Women in Atmospheric Sciences.A graduate student in the astrophysics department at the University of Colorado in Boulder, Hart earned her B.A. degree in 1981 with high honors in physics at the University of Montana in Missoula. Her research interests center on atmospheric structures and motions and on the developmental history o f the solar system. ‘I would like to study the effects of albedo changes over varying scale lengths on energy distribution and atmospheric dynamics,’ Hart said. Currently, she is a research assistant for the Voyager 2 photopolarimeter team at the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics at the university. She is working on using data on the polarization of scattered light to model the atmospheres of Saturn and its satellite,Titan.
Chemical history of the Earth's core
Authors: Brush Stephen G. 
Published: October 2011

The history of ideas about the earth's core is reviewed, from the l9th century to the present. Following the determination of the outer core boundary by B. Gutenberg and the establishment of the fluidity of the core by H. Jeffreys, the current model for the overall physical structure was completed by Inge Lehmann's discovery of the inner core and the proposal by F. Birch and K.E. Bullen that the inner core is solid >The traditional assumption that the core is primarily iron was challenged by several scientists in the 1940's, especially W.H. Ramsey, who proposed that the core boundary marks a change in physical but not chemical state. His hypothesis, that the core is a liquid ‘metallized silicate,’ was refuted by research on the properties of silicates at high pressures, but it raised the question whether a theory of the present state of the earth's interior should be consistent with some plausible theory of its origin and development. While Western geophysicists tended to ignore this criterion, a group of Russian scientists developed a theory which satisfied it, although it was difficult to maintain the metallized silicate hypothesis. A compromise model, proposed in the 1970s, involves iron and oxygen in proportions chosen to satisfy density conditions but also derivable by physicochemical evolution from an initially homogeneous earth.
Distant Quasar found
Authors: Bell Peter M. 
Published: October 2011

An international team has peered farther into the universe than ever before. Observers from the United States, Great Britain, and Australia, working through the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), report that a quasar, designated PKS 2000‐330, is more than 12 billion light years away. The quasar is approximately 1 billion light years farther away than what had previously been the most distant observed object.Light arriving at the earth from PKS 2000‐330 began its long journey here before the solar system, and probably the Milky Way This page galaxy, were formed, according to the team. Considering that the solar system is believed to be about 4.6 billion years old and the Milky Way is believed to have formed about 10 billion years ago, this is old light indeed.
Search for ET
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

A new commission of the International Astronomical Union (IAU) has been established to formally coordinate efforts to search for extraterrestrial life. Commission 51, Search for Extraterrestrial Life, was approved at the 18th IAU General Assembly held in Greece this past August.Among the new commission's objectives are the search for planets around other stars; the search for radio transmissions, intentional or unintentional, of extraterrestrial origin; the search for biologically relevant interstellar molecules and the study of their formation processes; the examination of detection methods for potential spectroscopic evidence of biological activity; and the coordination of efforts in all these areas at the international level and the establishment of collaborative programs with other international scientific societies with related interests.
Nation's water remains high
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Streamflow conditions throughout most of the nation remained normal to above normal during October, the fifth straight month of wet conditions across the country, according to a month‐end check of water resources conditions by the U.S. Geological Survey. USGS hydrologists said that 86% of the 188 key index gaging stations across the country reported normal to well‐above normal flows during October, with 10 stations in the West and Midwest reporting record highs for the month.As a general indication of the nation's water resources conditions, combined flow of the nation's “Big Five” rivers—Mississippi, St. Lawrence, Columbia, Missouri, and Ohio—averaged 508 billion gallons a day (bgd) during the month, 7% above normal. Individually, only the Ohio River was running below normal for this time of year, averaging about 17 bgd, 27% below normal.
South Atlantic anomaly campaign
Authors: Gledhill A. J. 
Published: October 2011

Ever since the days of the first satellite observations of the fluxes of high‐energy particles in the South Atlantic Anomaly, there has been interest in the possible atmospheric effects of the precipitating particles. Recently, Gledhill and Hoffman (J. Geophys. Res., 86, 6739–6744, 1981) have published electron fluxes observed near 300‐km altitude by the AE‐C satellite. From the observed fluxes it may be estimated that there should normally be extra ionization observable in the D and E regions, especially at night, and about 1 R of emission at 391.4 nm.Project ISAAC (International South Atlantic Anomaly Campaign) is designed to investigate these predictions. The research vessel SA Agulhas will pass through the region of greatest precipitating electron flux, as observed by Gledhill and Hoffman, carrying an ionosonde, a riometer, and photometers. Simultaneously, observations will be made by groups in countries around the South Atlantic—Argentina, Chile, Brazil, and South Africa—and by the Antarctic stations run by the United Kingdom, the United States, and South Africa. Some of these will focus on electromagnetic waves passing through the anomaly; others will focus on upper‐atmospheric phenomena via the conventional methods—ionosondes, riometers, airglow photometers, etc.
MIZEX Field Study
Authors: Martin Seelye , Muench Robin , Overland James , Cavalieri Donald 
Published: October 2011

Oceanographers and meteorologists will investigate the movement and breakup of pack ice in the Bering Sea Marginal Ice Zone (MIZ) during an intensive field study this February. Ships, aircraft, and remote recording instruments will be involved in this first of a series of field programs to investigate sea ice properties, the atmospheric and oceanic forces driving ice deformation, and the resultant ice response in marginal ice zones. Subsequent programs are planned for both the Bering and Greenland sea regions.The upcoming field program, dubbed MIZEX WEST, will study interior ice deformation, oceanography, meteorology, wave decay and ice band activity, ice melting, and largescale deformation. The research will lead to the development of a theoretical computer model that will be used to forecast changes in ice position. Before they develop an accurate forecasting model, however, scientists need to understand better how the horizontal movement, shape alteration, and melting of sea ice in the marginal ice zone contribute to where the ice edge is and its properties.
Space telescope history project
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Historians of science from the Johns Hopkins University and the Smithsonian Institution's National Air and Space Museum have begun an historical study of the development of the Space Telescope.The Space Telescope Historical Project, designed to enhance the public's understanding of the Space Telescope, is under the direction of Robert Kargon, the Willis K. Shepard Professor and chairman of the department of history of science at Johns Hopkins, and Paul Hanle, chairman of the department of space science and exploration at the National Air and Space Museum. One of the goals of the project is to write a history of the telescope and to publish it at a time proximate to the telescope's launch, which is scheduled for early 1985.
SPR awards
Authors: Neugebauer Marcia 
Published: October 2011

The First Occasional Solar Planetary Relationships Award Ceremony was held in conjunction with the annual SPR banquet on December 8, 1982. The following awards were presented:The Golden Palate Award to Bruce T. Tsurutani for his intrepid tasting and superb menu planning;The Traveling Intercontinental Disturbance Award to Murray Dryer and Peggy Shea for their unflagging efforts to track down every last piece of relevant data;