bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parameters Related to Tree‐Width, Zero Forcing, and Maximum Nullity of a Graph
Authors: Barioli Francesco , Barrett Wayne , Fallat Shaun M. , Hall H. Tracy , Hogben Leslie , Shader Bryan , van den Driessche P. , van der Holst Hein 
Published: June 2012

AbstractTree‐width, and variants that restrict the allowable tree decompositions, play an important role in the study of graph algorithms and have application to computer science. The zero forcing number is used to study the maximum nullity/minimum rank of the family of symmetric matrices described by a graph. We establish relationships between these parameters, including several Colin de Verdière type parameters, and introduce numerous variations, including the minor monotone floors and ceilings of some of these parameters. This leads to new graph parameters and to new characterizations of existing graph parameters. In particular, tree‐width, largeur d'arborescence, path‐width, and proper path‐width are each characterized in terms of a minor monotone floor of a certain zero forcing parameter defined by a color change rule.
Augmenting the Edge‐Connectivity of a Hypergraph by Adding a Multipartite Graph
Authors: Bernáth Attila , Grappe Roland , Szigeti Zoltán 
Published: June 2012

AbstractGiven a hypergraph, a partition of its vertex set, and a nonnegative integer k, find a minimum number of graph edges to be added between different members of the partition in order to make the hypergraph k‐edge‐connected. This problem is a common generalization of the following two problems: edge‐connectivity augmentation of graphs with partition constraints (J. Bang‐Jensen, H. Gabow, T. Jordán, Z. Szigeti, SIAM J Discrete Math 12(2) (1999), 160–207) and edge‐connectivity augmentation of hypergraphs by adding graph edges (J. Bang‐Jensen, B. Jackson, Math Program 84(3) (1999), 467–481). We give a min–max theorem for this problem, which implies the corresponding results on the above‐mentioned problems, and our proof yields a polynomial algorithm to find the desired set of edges.
Development of the follicle complex and oocyte staging in red drum, sciaenops ocellatus linnaeus, 1776 (perciformes, sciaenidae)
Authors: Grier Harry J. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPelagic egg development in red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus, is described using tiered staging. Based on mitosis and meiosis, there are five periods: Mitosis of Oogonia, Active Meiosis I, Arrested Meiosis I, Active Meiosis II, and Arrested Meiosis II. The Periods are divided into six stages: Mitotic Division of Oogonia, Chromatin Nucleolus, Primary Growth, Secondary Growth, Oocyte Maturation and Ovulation. The Chromatin Nucleolus Stage is divided into four steps: Leptotene, Zygotene, Pachytene, and Early Diplotene. Oocytes in the last step possess one nucleolus, dispersed chromatin with forming lampbrush chromosomes and lack basophilic ooplasm. The Primary Growth Stage, characterized by basophilic ooplasm and absence of yolk in oocytes, is divided into five steps: One‐Nucleolus, Multiple Nucleoli, Perinucleolar, Oil Droplets, and Cortical Alveolar. During primary growth, the Balbiani body develops from nuage, enlarges and disperses throughout the ooplasm as both endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi develop within it. Secondary growth or vitellogenesis has three steps: Early Secondary Growth, Late Secondary Growth and Full‐Grown. The Oocyte Maturation Stage, including ooplasmic and germinal vesicle maturation, has four steps: Eccentric Germinal Vesicle, Germinal Vesicle Migration, Germinal Vesicle Breakdown and Resumption of Meiosis when complete yolk hydration occurs. The period is Arrested Meiosis II. When folliculogenesis is completed, the ovarian follicle, an oocyte and encompassing follicle cells, is surrounded by a basement membrane and developing theca, all forming a follicle complex. After ovulation, a newly defined postovulatory follicle complex remains attached to the germinal epithelium. It is composed of a basement membrane that separates the postovulatory follicle from the postovulatory theca. Arrested Meiosis I encompasses primary and secondary growth (vitellogenesis) and includes most of oocyte maturation until the resumption of meiosis (Active Meiosis II). The last stage, Ovulation, is the emergence of the oocyte from the follicle when it becomes an egg or ovum. J. Morphol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Washout gradient in dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI is associated with tumor aggressiveness of prostate cancer
Authors: Chen Yu‐Jen , Chu Woei‐Chyn , Pu Yeong‐Shiau , Chueh Shih‐Chieh , Shun Chia‐Tung , Tseng Wen‐Yih Isaac 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPurpose:To investigate the associations between dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE MRI) parameters and the Gleason score (GS) for prostate cancer (PCA) with localization information provided by concurrent apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps.Materials and Methods:Forty‐three male patients received MR scans, including diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and DCE MRI, on a 1.5 T MR system. All patients were confirmed to have PCA in the following biopsy within 2 weeks. ADC maps calculated from DTI were used to colocalize cancerous and noncancerous regions on DCE MRI for perfusion analysis retrospectively. Semiquantitative parameters (peak enhancement, initial gradient, and washout gradient [WG] and quantitative parameters [Ktrans, νe, and kep]) were calculated and correlated with the GS. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the perfusion parameters in assessing the aggressiveness of PCA.Results:A total of 41 PCA nodules were included in the analysis. Among all quantitative and semiquantitative parameters, only WG showed significant correlation with GS (r = −0.75, P < 0.0001). By defining tumor aggressiveness as a GS >6, WG demonstrated a good diagnostic performance, with the area under the ROC curve being 0.88. Under a cutoff point of WG = 0.125 min−1, the sensitivity and specificity were 0.87 and 0.78, respectively.Conclusion:WG shows a significant association with GS and good diagnostic performance in assessing tumor aggressiveness. Therefore, WG is a potential marker of GS. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:912–919. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hybrid unconditionally stable high‐order nonstandard schemes with optimal error‐controllable spectral resolution for complex microwave problems
Authors: Kantartzis Nikolaos V. 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYA hybrid unconditionally stable time‐domain technique for the precise analysis and wideband performance characterization of 3D microwave systems is developed in this paper. Founded on a nontraditional differential discretization basis, the proposed technique launches a class of robust operators via an error‐controllable procedure that offers enhanced spectral resolution and optimal spatial stencils. The key asset of the frequency‐dependent algorithm is the novel high‐order nonstandard approximators, whose tensorial properties preserve the hyperbolic character of Maxwell's equations. In this manner, the resulting formulation remains completely explicit and generates effective dual meshes free of artificial vector parasites and spurious modes. Moreover, the preceding schemes are fruitfully hybridized, in the context of nonoverlapping subspaces, with an alternating‐direction implicit finite‐element time‐domain method in an effort to handle abruptly varying media boundaries and intricate geometries. Hence, an extensive decrease of dispersion errors is achieved, even when time‐steps are chosen appreciably beyond stability limits. These advanced simulation competences are successfully applied to diverse real‐world setups and composite configurations, thus validating the efficiency and universality of the proposed methodology. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient analysis of ridged cavity by modal FDTD method
Authors: Yao Bin , Zheng Qinhong , Peng Jinhui , Zhong Runeng , Xu Wansong , Xiang Tai 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYA modal finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) method is extended for the analysis of ridged cavities, which are uniform in the z‐direction. Assuming that the end surfaces of cavity are the perfect conductor, thus, the fields along the z‐axis can be described by kz. Therefore, three‐dimensional (3‐D) problems can be simulated by the use of a two‐dimensional model. Besides, to achieve a faster computation, the field components are expressed by two pairs of equations—sine and cosine. To validate the utility and efficiency of proposed method, we analyzed two ridged cavities. Numerical results show that less than one‐tenth memory and CPU requirements are needed by the modal FDTD as compared with conventional 3‐D FDTD method. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Histopathologic assessment of pancreatic cancer: Does one size fit all?
Authors: Reid Michelle D. , Bagci Pelin , Adsay N. Volkan 
Published: June 2012

AbstractMost solid pancreatic tumors are invasive ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Because PDAC is the most common tumor, it has become synonymous with the term “Pancreas Cancer.” However, other malignant neoplasms occur in the pancreas (acinar, neuroendocrine and colloid carcinomas, and metastases) all with different outcomes. Because these tumors are often combined with PDAC in research databases, it causes misleading variability in the analysis of pancreatic cancers. We examine the histopathology of a variety of pancreatic cancers. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013;107:67–77. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Injectable in situ Physically and Chemically Crosslinkable Gellan Hydrogel
Authors: Du Hongwei , Hamilton Paul , Reilly Matthew , Ravi Nathan 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAn injectable, in situ physically and chemically crosslinkable gellan hydrogel is synthesized via gellan thiolation. The thiolation does not alter the gellan's unique 3‐D conformation, but leads to a lower phase transition temperature under physiological conditions and stable chemical crosslinking. The synthesis and hydrogels are characterized by 1H NMR, FT‐IR, CD, or rheology measurements. The injectability and the tissue culture cell viability is also tested. The thiolated gellan hydrogel exhibits merits, such as ease for injection, quick gelation, lower gelling temperature, stable structure, and nontoxicity, which make it promising in biomedicine and bioengineering as an injectable hydrogel. magnified image
The natural carotenoid astaxanthin, a PPAR‐α agonist and PPAR‐γ antagonist, reduces hepatic lipid accumulation by rewiring the transcriptome in lipid‐loaded hepatocytes
Authors: Jia Yaoyao , Kim Jin‐Young , Jun Hee‐Jin , Kim Sun‐Joong , Lee Ji‐Hae , Hoang Minh Hien , Hwang Kwang‐Yeon , Um Soo‐Jong , Chang Hyo Ihl , Lee Sung‐Joon 
Published: June 2012

ScopeA natural carotenoid abundant in seafood, astaxanthin (AX), has hypolipidemic activity, but its underlying mechanisms of action and protein targets are unknown. We investigated the molecular mechanism of action of AX in hepatic hyperlipidemia by measuring peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPAR) activity.Methods and resultsWe examined the binding of AX to PPAR subtypes and its effects on hepatic lipid metabolism. AX binding activated PPAR‐α, but inhibited PPAR‐γ transactivation activity in reporter gene assay and time‐resolved fluorescence energy transfer analyses. AX had no effect on PPARδ/β transactivation. AX bound directly to PPAR‐α and PPAR‐γ with moderate affinity, as assessed by surface plasmon resonance experiments. The differential effects of AX on PPARs were confirmed by measuring the expression of unique responsive genes for each PPAR subtype. AX significantly reduced cellular lipid accumulation in lipid‐loaded hepatocytes. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the net effects of stimulation with AX (100 μM) on lipid metabolic pathways were similar to those elicited by fenofibrate and lovastatin (10 μM each), with AX rewiring the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolic pathways.ConclusionAX is a PPAR‐α agonist and PPAR‐γ antagonist, reduces hepatic lipid accumulation by rewiring the transcriptome in lipid‐loaded hepatocytes.
Bias and geometry optimization of silicon nanowire transistor: Radio frequency stability perspective
Authors: Sivasankaran K. , Kannadassan D. , Seetaram K. , Mallick P. S. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThis article presents structure and bias optimization techniques for the radio frequency (RF) stability of silicon nanowire transistor. The RF parameters are extracted using device simulation. The device stability is obtained for various bias conditions and geometry, and observed that the proposed device structure shows good stability response. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:2114–2117, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27016
A functional tuner design for patch antenna
Authors: Chu Chia‐Ching , Teng Hsien‐Chiao , Cherng Shen , Chen Lih‐Shan 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA passive tuner coupled with an impedance variator is designed to justify the radiation gain for the proposed patch antenna.The proposed structure includes three parts: a patch antenna, passive tuner, and impedance variator. Passive tuner is constructed with S‐shaped microstrip line etched on FR4 substrate. The impedance variator is designed with locating a same sized patch symmetrically to the patch of the proposed antenna for the reason of simplicity analyzing. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:2082–2080, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27021
Optical parametric wavelength conversion for 53.5‐Gb/s RZ‐DPSK signal with phase preserved amplitude regeneration
Authors: Hu Hao , Wang Wenrui , Yu Jinlong 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe demonstrated the wavelength conversion for a 53.5‐Gb/s RZ‐DPSK signal with 1‐dB parametric gain and phase preserved amplitude regeneration. The parametric wavelength conversion is based on four‐wave mixing in a highly nonlinear fiber with a pulse pump. The wavelength converted and regenerated signal shows improved optical signal‐to‐noise ratio and bit‐error‐rate (BER) performances compared to the degraded signal. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:2172–2175, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27034
Relationship of Cognitive and Perceptual Abilities to Functional Independence in Adults Who Have Had a Stroke
Authors: Brown Ted , Mapleston Jennifer , Nairn Allison , Molloy Andrew 
Published: June 2012

AbstractMost individuals who have had a stroke present with some degree of residual cognitive and/or perceptual impairment. Occupational therapists often utilize standardized cognitive and perceptual assessments with clients to establish a baseline of skill performance as well as to inform goal setting and intervention planning. Being able to predict the functional independence of individuals who have had a stroke based on cognitive and perceptual impairments would assist with appropriate discharge planning and follow‐up resource allocation. The study objective was to investigate the ability of the Developmental Test of Visual Perception – Adolescents and Adults (DTVP‐A) and the Neurobehavioural Cognitive Status Exam (Cognistat) to predict the functional performance as measured by the Barthel Index of individuals who have had a stroke. Data was collected using the DTVP‐A, Cognistat and the Barthal Index from 32 adults recovering from stroke. Two standard multiple regression models were used to determine predictive variables of the functional independence dependent variable. Both the Cognistat and DTVP‐A had a statistically significant ability to predict functional performance (as measured by the Barthel Index) accounting for 64.4% and 27.9% of each regression model, respectively. Two Cognistat subscales (Comprehension [beta = 0.48; p < 0.001)] and Repetition [beta = 0.45; p < 0.004]) and one DTVP‐A subscale (Copying [beta = 0.46; p < 0.014]) made statistically significant contributions to the regression models as independent variables. On the basis of the regression model findings, it appears that DTVP‐A's Copying and the Cognistat's Comprehension and Repetition subscales are useful in predicting the functional independence (as measured by the Barthel Index) in those individuals who have had a stroke. Given the fundamental importance that cognition and perception has for one's ability to function independently, further investigation is warranted to determine other predictors of functional performance of individuals with a stroke. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A CHARTER MOMENT: RESTRUCTURING GOVERNANCE FOR SUSTAINABILITY
Authors: Kanie Norichika , Betsill Michele M. , Zondervan Ruben , Biermann Frank , Young Oran R. 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYWe are living in a highly dynamic, human‐dominated Earth System in which non‐linear, abrupt and irreversible changes are not only possible but also probable. These changes require institutional structures capable of steering human society away from critical tipping points and irreversible change and ensuring sustainable livelihoods for all. We see 2012 as a ‘charter moment’, a historic opportunity to transform the institutional framework for sustainable development (IFSD) to better address the critical issues and political dynamics in the 21st century. In this paper, we present ‘The Hakone Vision on Governance for Sustainability in the 21st Century’, which calls for a fundamental restructuring of the IFSD that (i) clearly articulates the ‘aspirations’ of governance for sustainability including objectives and underlying values and norms, (ii) allows for meaningful and accountable participation by a wide range of ‘actors’ to develop solutions ‘from’ people ‘for’ people and (iii) creates an ‘architecture’ to include better configuration of actors, actor groups and their networks, as well as improved institutions and decision‐making mechanisms. We situate the Hakone Vision in the context of discussions of the IFSD and discuss our process for developing the Hakone Vision through a series of ‘world café’ discussions involving academic experts on global environmental governance and policy practitioners working at the local, national and global level. With our assessment of the IFSD and the challenges we face, we suggest that proposals for a Sustainable Development Council in the United Nations warrant further consideration, among others. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Area‐Selective Microplasma Treatment in Microfluidic Channels for Novel Fluid Phase Separators
Authors: Eichler Marko , Nagel Krees , Hennecke Philipp , Klages Claus‐Peter 
Published: June 2012

AbstractDifferences in surface tensions of individual fluid phases in multiphase mixtures can be utilized to achieve a phase separation. A new fabrication method for a microfluidic phase separator combines micropatterning methods with atmospheric‐pressure plasma‐based surface coating, allowing an inexpensive manufacturing and, if required upscaling by numbering‐up. Of particular importance for the functioning of the novel Y‐shaped separator are coatings with different surface free energies on opposite surfaces in the divergence zone of the main channel and in the two diverting channels. This paper presents the principle of the method and first results regarding the coatings and applications.magnified image
Mass Spectrometric Investigations on Aluminum Isopropoxide Containing Plasmas
Authors: Niemietz Stefan , Fröhlich Maik , Kersten Holger 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPlasma diagnostics have been used to understand chemical reactions that take place in a radio frequency plasma containing aluminum isopropoxide (ATI). Mass spectrometry was used to detect the formed reaction products in the plasma focusing on monomeric ATI. The organometallic precursor is fragmented in the plasma and forms organoaluminum compounds. These molecules are found at masses between 40 and 200 amu. On the basis of the mass spectrometric investigations processes and paths of fragmentation are proposed. A particular importance has the mass 59 amu, which can inter alia be assigned to a hydrocarbon group fragmented from ATI. This group is included three times in a monomeric ATI molecule. Beside this hydrocarbon group detached methyl groups seem to be the starting point for polymerization processes, which are leading to organic molecules (CnHm) with higher masses.magnified image
Early stage of the development of quantum chemistry without spin and its recent applications
Authors: Kaplan Ilya G. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractGeneral ideas, on which the quantum chemistry without spin is based, are discussed. Three important applications of quantum chemistry without spin are presented in detail: (1) the methods for finding the molecular spin‐multiplets allowed by the Pauli principle; (2) the symmetry properties of the electron density that determines the Kohn‐Sham equations in the density functional theory; and (3) the foundations of the Pauli principle. In particular, it was demonstrated that, on the one hand, the Pauli exclusion principle cannot be derived from other fundamental principles of quantum mechanics; on the other hand, it cannot be considered as a postulate, since all other symmetry options for the total wave function of identical particles, except the one‐dimensional representations, are forbidden. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.This article was published online on 18 June 2012. An error was subsequently identified. This notice is included in the online and print version to indicate that both have been corrected on 25 July 2012.
Anatomical comparison and evaluation of human proximal femurs modeling via different devices and FEM analysis
Authors: Verim Özgür , Taşgetiren Süleyman , Er M. Serhan , Timur Mustafa , Yuran A. Fatih 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackgroundBreuckmann optical scanning, Metris laser scanning and CT are general devices used for modeling hard or soft tissues in the biomedical field. Whereas the CT device is able to model internal and external structures of hard tissues, Breuckmann and Metris devices can only model the exterior portions of tissues. In this study, a human proximal femur was modeled using these devices, and the matching accuracy thereof is presented.MethodsThe human proximal femur was modeled by scanning with Breuckmann optical scanning, Metris laser scanning and CT devices. The 3D/3D registration method was performed in two ways: coordinate to coordinate based, and 2D contour based matching. Matching accuracies of the three models were developed with statistical deviation and local deviation. To determine the significance value between the deviations obtained, one way ANOVA, and for intragroup comparisons Tukey and Thamhane tests were used. After statistical analysis, stresses on the models were evaluated using ANSYS software taking boundary conditions on human standing position into consideration.ResultsIn this study, the value of the 2D contour based accuracy deviation of the femur head zone between CT and Metris models was obtained as 0.4 ± 0.2 mm while it was 0.3 ± 0.1 mm between CT and Breuckmann. The highest matching deviation obtained as a result of the ANOVA test among these three models was found in the femur trochanter region (0.0142 ± 0.0164 mm), the lowest value was found in the femur head region (0.0070 ± 0.0132 mm). The stress of the CT–Breuckmann pair was found close to each other in stress analysis.ConclusionThe deviation values obtained by matching models created by three different methods showed statistically significant results (P < 0.05). Values obtained from the CT–Breuckmann model were lower than those obtained from CT–Metris. In order to lower deviation values, applications such as increasing the resolution of images, using stronger algorithms, meshing methods and enhancing surface form should be implemented. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.