bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DISCUSSION
Authors: Christensen B. Egelund 
Published: August 2010

Erythrocyte sequestration was studied in 24 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) by infusion of autologous 51Cr‐labelled erythrocytes followed by surface measurements at regular intervals over the spleen, liver, and heart.To obtain a comparable expression of the accumulation of activity in spleens of different sizes, the splenic surface activities were corrected. The correction factors were determined using fluid‐filled balloons (simulating spleens) with the same amount of activity.In 19 patients with CLL the splenic erythrocyte pool increased with increasing spleen weight (500–4, 300 g). Moreover, the erythrocyte sequestration in the spleen increased with increasing pool. The maintenance of a large erythrocyte pool makes increased demands upon the erythropoiesis, which is perhaps already insufficient, and an increased splenic erythrocyte sequestration contributes to reducing the number of circulating erythrocytes. Splenectomy is invariably followed by increasing haemoglobin level and an average 30% increase of erythrocyte survival (22–48%).In cases of CLL plus splenomegaly the indications for splenectomy appear to be fairly simple, but may be supported by the demonstration of a large splenic erythrocyte pool and a large splenic erythrocyte destruction.The studies support the likelihood of lymphocytic infiltration in the liver (increased accumulation of activity), a finding which seems of prognostic significance.
Thymus‐Derived Lymphocytes in Blood, Lymph and Lymphoid Organs after Intrathymic Labelling with 3H‐Thymidine
Authors: Ernström Ulf , Larsson Bengt , Linna Juhani 
Published: August 2010

Guinea‐pigs were investigated 2, 4 and 8 days after intrathymic or intraperitoneal labelling with tritiated thymidine. By the comparison between the content of lymphocytes in afferent and efferent thymic blood, an export of heavily labelled lymphocytes from the thymus was demonstrated in the intrathymically labelled animals after 2 and 4 days but not after 8 days. By use of liquid scintillation tritiated thymidine was localized to the spleen in a significantly higher amount 2 days after intrathymic than after intraperitoneal labelling.By autoradiography heavily labelled lymphocytes derived from the thymus were found in the spleen after 2 days and also to a lesser extent after 4 and 8 days, and in the mesenteric lymph nodes at all times after labelling. In the thoracic duct lymph the frequency of heavily labelled lymphocytes was the same as in the blood after intrathymic labelling, but less than in the blood after intraperitoneal labelling. The result indicates that thymus‐derived lymphocytes are recirculating between blood and lymph.
Iron Absorption and Haemoglobin Regeneration Studies on a New Sustained Release Iron Preparation
Authors: Norrby Anders , Sölvell Lennart 
Published: August 2010

The effectiveness of a new sustained release oral iron preparation containing 100 mg of ferrous iron (Duroferon Duretter®) has been evaluated in. three separate studies.Study I. The absorption of iron was compared to the absorption from rapidly disintegrating ferrous sulphate tablets using a double radioiron technique. Dosage: 200 mg of ferrous iron daily.Study II. The haemoglobin regeneration rate was compared to the regeneration rate obtained with ordinary ferrous sulphate tablets in a cross‐over study in volunteers twice made anaemic and iron deficient by repeated phlebotomies. Dosage: 200 mg of ferrous iron daily.Study III. The haemoglobin regeneration rate was studied in a carefully selected homogeneous group of patients with iron deficiency anaemia. Dosage: 300 mg of ferrous iron daily.The absorption of iron from the sustained release tablets were significantly higher (mean 29 %) than from ordinary ferrous sulphate tablets. In the cross‐over study the haemoglobin regeneration rates obtained with the sustained release preparation were equivalent to that of ordinary ferrous sulphate tablets. All patients with iron deficiency anaemia reached normal haemoglobin values within. 7–10 weeks of treatment. The haemoglobin regeneration rates were the same as those found with optimal doses of oral and parenteral iron.
Factor VIII Inhibitors and the Use of Blood Products in Patients with Haemophilia A
Authors: Ikkala E. , Simonen O. 
Published: August 2010

The occurrence of factor VIII inhibitors was investigated in 90 patients with haemophilia A. Inhibitors were found in 11 (12%) patients, all having severe haemophilia A. In 8 of these circulating anticoagulant activity was revealed by a screening method, which ten years earlier had disclosed anticoagulant activity in only one of 82 patients studied.The amount of blood products transfused to 62 patients with severe haemophilia A in the first study varied from 0 to 7, with a median of 0.9 plasma units per year of age. The values for 69 patients with severe haemophilia A in the present series were: range 0–87 and median 4.5 plasma units per year of age. The increased use of blood products was thus accompanied by an increased occurrence of factor VIII inhibitors. The patients with inhibitors did not differ from other patients with severe haemophilia A with respect to the amount of blood products given.
Electronmicroscopy of Leukaemic Myeloblasts with Numerous Lipid‐Containing Vacuoles
Authors: POLLIACK AARON , TIMBERG RINA 
Published: August 2010

Numerous sudanophilic myeloblasts were found in the bone marrow and peripheral blood of a patient with chronic myeloid leukaemia who developed acute blastic transformation.The majority of blasts contained numerous large lipid‐containing vacuoles in their cytoplasm which stained positively with Sudan Black and were obvious on electronmicroscopy. The rarity of this unusual finding is stressed.
The Pattern of Erythrocyte Sequestration in Immunohaemolysis: Effects of Prednisone Treatment and Splenectomy
Authors: Christensen B. Egelund 
Published: August 2010

The erythrocyte sequestration in the spleen and liver was investigated in 25 cases of immunohaemolysis by surface counting after infusion of 51Cr‐labelled autologous erythrocytes. The erythrocyte sequestration pattern was found to depend upon the treatment with prednisone given at the time of the investigation and furthermore upon the total haemolytic intensity.Increased sequestration of erythrocytes in the liver is always present in cases of severe hyperhaemolysis. After prednisone treatment, hypersequestration of erythrocytes in the spleen predominates. In the present study increased sequestration in the liver was even demonstrated in about 50 % of the cases in which incomplete non‐complement‐fixing antibodies were found.In the majority of cases prednisone therapy gave only short‐lasting remission. Frequently, it is difficult to reduce the dose of prednisone because of increasing haemolytic intensity.Complete, long‐lasting remission seems to follow splenectomy in cases characterized by a splenic sequestration pattern during periods without prednisone therapy, but if hepatic hypersequestration has been demonstrated the remissions are not complete. The need for steroids decreased after splenectomy in practically all cases. A combination of prednisone therapy and early splenectomy is advisable in most cases of immunohaemolysis.
Effect of Anticonvulsive Drugs on Folate Absorption and the Cerebrospinal Folate Pump
Authors: Reizenstein P. , Lund L. 
Published: August 2010

Effects of phenytoin on folate metabolism were studied in 94 subjects. Even healthy volunteers on diphenylhydantoin showed decreasing serum folates, but neurological disease other then epilepsy did not cause folate deficiency. In conjunction with earlier studies, this indicates that folate deficiency in epilepsy is caused by the drugs, rather than by the disease. Diphenylhydantoin as well as carbamazepine (Tegretolr̀) appear to be involved.No antimetabolite effect of diphenylhydantoin could be demonstrated in a microbiologic system, nor could any correlation be found between the serum concentrations of diphenylhydantoin and folates. Such a correlation would be expected in case of an antimetabolite action. Therefore, intestinal absorption was studied. No effect could be shown in man on the intestinal absorption of medicinal folates. The absorption of food folates, on the other hand, seemed to be inhibited. A cerobrospinal folate pump exists, which keeps the cerebrospinal folate concentration almost five times higher than that in the serum. This ratio was numerically but not significantly lower in the phenytoin‐treated patients.
Pattern of the Activator Inhibitor in Carcinoma and Renal Diseases
Authors: Hedner U. , Nilsson I. M. 
Published: August 2010

The pattern, after gel filtration of serum on Sephadex G‐200, of the inhibitors of the urokinase activation of plasminogen was studied in 20 patients with carcinoma, 12 with chronic renal insufficiency and 10 with acute renal insufficiency. The urokinase inhibitors were determined with the clot lysis method of Paraskevas et al (1962) and in the patients with carcinoma and those with chronic uraemia also with the caseinolytic method of Lauritsen (1968).The amount of inhibitors obtained in the high molecular weight fraction after gel filtration of sera from patients with carcinoma did not differ from normal, while that obtained in the low melecular fraction was significantly raised when assayed with both methods. After gel filtratinon of sera from the patients with chronic or acute renal failure the amount of inhibitors in each fraction was significantly increased when determined with the clot lysis method. But in the patiens with chronic renal failure no increase was found when measured with the caseinolytic method. In these patients the inhibitory effect on the activation of plasminogen is at least partly unspecific owing to accumulation of amino acids in the plasma in uraemia.
Study on the in vitro Rieder Cell
Authors: Ito Suiko 
Published: August 2010

Light and electron microscopic studies were performed on the in vitro Rieder cells from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and acute prornyelocytic leukaemia (APL).Light microscopically, it was found that Rieder cells were increased at essentially the same rate as in the EDTA and sodium citrate treated blood, when the control samples (coagulated blood and defibrinated blood) were simply left at room temperature as well as at 37° C. Vincristine had a suppressive effect on the Rieder cell formation in CLL but did not reduce the number of APL‐cells that had lobulated and separated nuclei.Electron microscopically, a bundle of many microtubules was found to surround the nuclear constriction of the in vitro Rieder cells in CLL, whereas the corresponding bundle consisted of only microfilaments in the in vivo Rieder cells of APL. Vincristine induced disappearance of the microtubules of Rieder cells and formation of many crystals in the cytoplasm of leukaemic cells of CLL and APL but did not affect the microfilaments in the cells of APL.
DNA‐Synthesizing Myeloid and Lymphoid Cells in the Blood of Haemodialysis Patients and Kidney Graft Recipients
Authors: Virolainen M. , Lalla M. , Pasternack A. , Wasastjerna C. , Hayry P. 
Published: August 2010

The proportions of proliferating white blood cells in the blood of uraemic patients with and without haemodialysis treatment and in chronic kidney graft recipients were determined by 3H‐TdR labelling and autoradiography. Labelled cells were differentiated into lymphoid cells (LLC) and myeloid cells (LMC). The reliability of the differential counts of LLC and LMC was verified by cytochemical staining methods combined with autoradiography.The percentage of LLC did not differ from that of the controls in any group of patients. In graft recipients the percentage of LLC was not associated with signs of chronic rejection. LMC were significantly increased in haemodialysis patients and in graft recipients. Anephric patients undergoing haemodialysis treatment had significantly more LMC than those who had retained their kidneys. Graft recipients presenting signs of chronic rejection and those receiving a higher corticosteroid dosage had more LMC than those without rejection.
Effect of Hyperlipidaemic Diet and Clofibrate Treatment on Rat Erythrocyte Lipids
Authors: PELLINIEMI TARJA‐TERTTU , VIIKAR JORMA , NIEMINEN LAURI 
Published: August 2010

Lipids of rat plasma and erythrocytes were analysed during hyperlipidaemic diet and clofibrate treatment. The diet increased the plasma cholesterol and phospholipid concentrations after 3 weeks' lipid feeding. Clofibrate in a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight did not inhibit the increase in plasma cholesterol and phospholipid contents, but significantly decreased the concentration of plasma triglycerides.The lipid diet slightly increased the erythrocyte cholesterol and phospholipid concentrations without affecting the red cell morphology or reticulocytosis. After 1 week's treatment, clofibrate in a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight caused a 2‐fold increase in the cholesterol content and a rise in the cholesterol‐phospholipid ratio of red blood cells of rats fed the hyperlipidaemic diet. These results suggest that the erythrocyte cell membrane can increase its cholesterol content and possibly play a role in cholesterol transport.
Polyploidy of the Bone Marrow
Authors: BORGSTRÖM GEORG H. , VUOPIO PEKKA , DE LA CHAPELLE ALBERT 
Published: August 2010

In a consecutive series of 841 patients whose bone marrows were cytogenetically investigated because of verified or suspected haematological disease, 11 patients were found to have at least 10 % polyploid bone marrow mitoses. The chromosome numbers varied greatly between the cells of the same patients and between the patients. In 4 cases, the number was nearly or exactly tetraploid and in 1 patient a prevalent octaploid line was seen. Structurally abnormal marker chromosomes were seen in 8 of the patients. A total of 31 bone marrow chromosome counts were performed on a young woman with acute myelomonocytic leukaemia who had had several drug‐induced remissions during the 3 1/2 years of disease. The results were related to the clinical findings. On several occasions a clear‐cut correlation was noted between high proportions (nearly 100 %) of polyploid cells and relapse on the one hand and low proportions (as low as 0 %) of polyploids and remission on the other.Of the 11 patients, 2 had chronic myeloid leukaemia, 3 acute myelomonocytic leukaemia, 3 acute myeloid leukaemia and a further 3 some other malignant haematological disorders. We conclude that polyploidy is a feature associated with rare cases of leukaemia and other malignant diseases. It is often a sign of a poor prognosis.
The Morphology of Dyserythropoiesis in a Patient with Acute Erythroleukaemia Associated with Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Zwaan F. E. , den Ottolander G. J. , Brederoo P. , van Zwet Th. L. , te Velde J. , Willemze R. 
Published: August 2010

A patient with multiple myeloma in whom acute erythroleukaemia developed 5 years following treatment with irradiation and melphalan is reported. Immunoglobulin synthesis and immunofluorescence investigations provided evidence that the blast cells in the peripheral blood did not belong to the plasma cell series; ultrastructure examination demonstrated their myeloid origin.Chromosomally abnormal cells were observed in both the bone marrow and peripheral blood.Light‐ and electron microscopy of erythropoiesis in this case showed distinct features of dyserythropoiesis, similar to those described in other entities.The erythroid cell abnormalities are discussed in the light of their being either indications of malignancy or of a reactive process.
The Haemostatic Effect of 51Cr‐Labelled Blood Platelets An Experimental Study in the Rabbit
Authors: Björnson J. , Aursnes I. 
Published: August 2010

The haemostatic effect of 51Cr‐labelled platelets was studied in 5 rabbits made thrombocytopenic (35,000/μl blood) by whole body ionizing irradiation. Bleeding times were recorded after standardized cuts on the inner side of the rabbit's ear, a method with an acceptable reproducibility. The animals were then each transfused with concentrates of labelled platelets from 2 healthy donor rabbits. This increased the platelet counts to about 2 times 105/μl blood. Bleeding time values were markably prolonged before transfusion and became normalized when tested 1 and 4 h after transfusion. In 3 control experiments, where unlabelled platelet rich plasma was transfused to thrombocytopenic recipients, a similar shortening of the bleeding time was observed.It is concluded that 51Cr‐labelled platelets retain haemostatic ability comparable to non‐labelled platelets, when circulating in a recipient animal.
Streptokinase Resistance in Medical Patients in Oslo
Authors: Arnesen Harald , Rygh Marie , Ly Bernt , Jakobsen Erling 
Published: August 2010

The streptokinase titrated initial dose (TID) was estimated in 312 patients consecutively admitted to a medical department in Oslo. 93 % had a TID below 250,000 IU, 97 % below 425,000 IU and 98.5 % below 650,000 IU. No differences were found between the two sexes. The highest values were found in patients 50–60 years old. Otherwise, no differences were found between different age groups from 10 to 90 years of age. Two patients with extremely high TID values were both anamnestically prone to streptococcal infections.It is concluded that our standard initial dose of 250,000 IU of streptokinase is sufcient for the great majority of our patients. Pre‐treatment test for TID is recommended only when recent streptococcal infections are suspected.
The Use of Ferastral® in Iron‐deficient, Non‐pregnant Gambian Adults
Authors: Knight R. 
Published: August 2010

A new parenteral iron preparation, iron‐poly (sorbitol‐gluconic acid) complex, (Ferastral®) has been evaluated in the treatment of iron‐deficient, non‐pregnant Gambian adults. A total of twenty patients of both sexes were included in the study. The cause of anaemia in the majority of cases was hookworm infection but also other diagnostic categories were present.Sixteen patients completed their treatment without difficulty.All patients showed a good initial haematological response. Over the first three weeks the mean daily increments followed a linear trend.There was a significant inverse correlation between initial haemoglobin concentration and the increment in concentration after three weeks treatment.Side‐effects were noted in four patients; in two patients it was ascribed to treatment, in two there was concurrent infection.Parenteral iron therapy is considered to have definite advantages over oral iron in the tropics because of certainty of administration, replenishment of iron stores, and effectiveness when small bowel disease or dietary factors reduce absorption.
Garcia's Disease
Authors: Aranda Eduardo , Dorantes Samuel 
Published: August 2010

After a critical study, a splenectomy was performed in a 6‐year‐old boy with chronic thrombocytopenic purpura.Failure of surgery and immunosuppressive therapy prompted new investigations which led to the discovery of a cyclic thrombocytopenic purpura related to a periodic variation in maturity of megakaryocytes.The patient's platelets were morphologically and functionally normal and it was not possible to demonstrate neither immunological mechanism, nutritional deficiency, influence of the environment nor consumption or excessive destruction of platelets. Cyclic thrombocytopenia was detected in the father and also cyclic variations in platelet counts from normal values to over 1,000 times 109/1 in 4 of 9 siblings. In view of these findings. The abnormal condition in this family was named Garcia's disease.
Modifications of factor VIII related antigen in hemophiliacs with acute hepatitis and sub‐clinical liver disease
Authors: Sultan Y. , Maisonneuve P. , Simeon J. , Intrator L. 
Published: August 2010

Modifications of Factor VIII related antigen (F. VIII R. A.) were investigated in three hemophilic patients during the course of post transfusion hepatitis. F. VIII R. A. was found to be elevated and correlated with the increase of the S.G.P.T. During the acute phase of the disease the Factor VIII related protein was tested for its ristocetin cofactor activity, its electrophoretic mobility on crossed antigen‐antibody electrophoresis and its elution pattern on Sepharose 4B columns; all these properties proved to be abnormal.Liver function tests and F. VIII R. A. were measured in 36 multitransfused hemophiliacs. There was a significant increase of the F. VIII R. A. in the plasma of patients with abnormal liver function tests. Only a few of the multitransfused hemophiliacs had clinical symptoms of hepatitis, although 72 % had elevated transaminase levels.
In Vitro Platelet Stain Preventing (Degranulating) Effect of Various Substances
Authors: Stavem Per , Kjærheim ÅSmund 
Published: August 2010

A few years ago a patient, T.L., with metastatic leiomyosarcoma was found to have a serum and tumor factor which caused the granulomere of normal platelets to disappear as seen using light microscopy. The present report describes the effect on platelet granules of several different substances using various anticoagulants. Ultramicroscopy showed in all instances that the platelet stain preventing effect as seen in May‐Grünwald & Giemsa stained films reflected a degranulation. Ultramicroscopy was little better than light microscopy in the differentiation between the mechanisms of the various degranulating substances.Different conditions such as variation in anticoagulant or combination of anticoagulants, storage at room temperature for 24 h, heating to 56° C for 1 h, on the other hand were very useful methods for differentiating between the various degranulating substances. These methods failed, however, to differentiate between patient T.L.‐serum and patient T.L.‐tumour fraction SSS, probably because the active factor was the same in both.
The Influence of Age, Sex, and the Use of Oral Contraceptives on the Inhibitory Effects of Endothelial Cells and PGI2 (Prostacyclin) on Platelet Function
Authors: Nordøy Arne , Svensson Birgit , Haycraft Donna , Hoak John C. , Wiebe Donald 
Published: August 2010

The inhibitory effects of human endothelial cells (ECM) and PGI2 (prostacyclin) on platelet function have been examined in 60 healthy subjects. 5 groups were studied. I. 10 women (19–33 yrs.); II. 10 women (21–31 yrs.) using combined oral contraceptives; III. 10 postmenopausal women (45–66 yrs.); IV. 20 men (24–48 yrs.) and V. 10 men (48–71 yrs.).Spontaneous platelet aggregation in platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) was commonly observed in groups II, III, and V. This was prevented when PRP was incubated with ECM, aspirin (ASA), or PGI2. ADP‐induced platelet aggregation (PA) was always reduced by ECM, but significantly less in groups II and III. Collagen‐induced PA was inhibited by ECM, but less in groups I, II, III and V than in young men (IV). ECM significantly reduced collagen‐induced prostaglandin (MDA) production in platelets. Again, the inhibitory effect was significantly reduced in groups II and III. Platelet factor 3 activity, measured after exposure of PRP to ADP, was significantly reduced by ECM, but was significantly less in groups II, III, and V than in group I. Less of an inhibitory effect of PGI2 upon ADP‐induced PA was shown by all groups of females than by the two groups of males.