bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Immune Response to Vasectomy and its Relation to the HLA System
Authors: Law Hai Yang , Bodmer W.F. , Mathews J.D. , Skegg D.C.G. 
Published: July 2010

We examined 188 men who had undergone vasectomy up to 6 years previously and, for comparative purposes, 100 men who were about to undergo the operation. Blood specimens were available from a total of 283 men.Sperm antibody assays using immunofluorescence, microagglutination, and microimmobilization confirmed that the prevalance of several types of antibody is higher after vasectomy. Immobilizing and agglutinating antibodies appeared to be the most important. Trends in antibody prevalence according to the time after the operation were analyzed. Screening against lymphocytes and lymphoid lines showed that the anti‐sperm activity of sera was not related to anti‐HLA or anti‐Ia activity. Associations were examined between different types of sperm antibody, and between these antibodies and autoantibodies to other antigens.When antibody prevalence was studied in relation to HLA types, the HLA antigen A28 was found to be strongly associated with production of head agglutinating antibody (and immobilizing and immunofluorescent equatorial antibodies) after vasectomy. This is one of the first clear‐cut examples of antibody production associated with the HLA system.
HLA Markers in Six Lebanese Religious Subpopulations
Authors: Serre Jean‐Louis , Lefranc Géard , Loiselet Jacques , Jacquard Albert 
Published: July 2010

A total of 315 normal, unrelated individuals from six of the seven principal religious communities of Lebanon have been typed for 26 alleles of the A and B loci. The gene, haplotype frequencies and Δ values have been calculated.The HLA gene frequencies for loci A and B reported in this study are shown to cross Moslim— Christian lines, but generate a distinguishably different profile for the Armenian immigrant subpopulation.This first‐level homogeneity which is inconsistent with results earlier reported for ABO, rhesus and Gm systems, seems to disappear when linkage disequilibrium deltas are compared.
Theoretical Considerations on HLA‐Associated Illness‐Susceptibility Genes in Dermatitis Herpetiformis and Psoriasis
Authors: Karvonen Jaakko , Reunala Timo , Lokki Juhani , Tiilikainen Anja , Lassus Allan 
Published: July 2010

The frequency of an HLA‐associated illness‐susceptibility (Is) gene can be estimated by a simple equation: the frequency of the Is gene is equal to the prevalence of the disease in the population divided by the penetrance of the illness in first‐degree relatives with the HLA marker antigen, with the quotient further divided by two. This equation is valid if the gene is dominant and its gene frequency is low.An analysis of HLA data of 61 patients with dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) showed that the HLA‐associated DH susceptibility gene is obviously dominant. The frequency of this DH susceptibility gene was estimated to be at least 0.0005 and the frequency of psoriasis susceptibility gene about 0.02 in Finland.
HLA—Dw Antigens in Unrelated Juvenile, Insulin‐Dependent Diabetics
Authors: Barbosa J. , Chern M. M. , Reinsmoen N. , Noreen H. , Ramsey R. , Greenberg L. 
Published: July 2010

Forty‐one unrelated juvenile, insulin‐dependent diabetics have been HLA tissue typed for A, B and Dw anitgens and compared with a normal control population. We have found statistically significant increases in the frequencies of B8, B18, and Dw3, and significant decrements in the frequencies of B7, B12 and Dw2. The log‐linear modeling technique was used to study the association of JIDD with Dw3 and B8 antigens. We confirmed that the B8 excess seen in diabetics is secondary to the excess of Dw3. The decrements of B7, B12 and Dw2 could reflect an association of these antigens with a protective factor for the disease, or could be due to an artifact. The latter possibility was excluded for B7 and Dw2 by adjusting for the excess antigen frequencies.These findings suggest that the associations between the HLA and diabetes are compatible with the existence of genes which are concerned with the pathogenesis of the disease and are closely associated with the D locus of the major histocompatibility system.
HLA haplotype study of 53 juvenile insulin‐dependent diabetic (I.D.D.) families
Authors: Contu Liciano , Deschamps Inceborg , Lestradet Henri , Hors Jacques , Schmid Michel , Busson Marc , Benajam Alain , Marcelli‐Barge Aline , Dausset Jean 
Published: July 2010

Fifty‐three families with at least one IDD patient were genotyped for 5 markers of the HLA complex including Bf and DR. In 8 families one of the parents was also affected and in 12 families more than two children were diseased. In total, 76 patients were genotyped. Their haplotypes were compared with those of 106 unrelated controls (the parents of 53 genotyped families).

Three haplotypes or segments of them (A2, Cw3, B15, BfS, DR4; Aw30, Cw5, B18, BfF I, DR3; and Al, Cw7, B8, BfS, DR3) were found more frequently in IDD patients.
Measured by the 6 formula, the association of the postulated IDD susceptibility gene was very strong with the D‐end of two of these haplotypes: BfF1, DR3 and BfS, DR4. However, the association was weak with the DR3 of the haplotype Al, Cw7, B8, BfS, DR3.
An excess of HLA‐identical affected siblings was found.
An excess of DR3/DR4 heterozygotes was observed. By contrast, the observed frequency of patients homozygous for DR3 or DR4 was not increased, but even slightly decreased.

The data support a model of inheritance comprising at least two closely linked specifically “diabetic” loci (most of the time marked by B18, BfFl, DR3 and B15, BfS, DR4) and a non‐specifically “diabetic” haplotype favouring auto‐immunisation (most of the time marked by B8, BfS, DR3). This model is discussed in the light of the presented data and of those of the literature.
HLA‐AB and ‐DR types in patients with infectious mononucleosis (IM)
Authors: Ythier Arnaud , Moreau Jean‐Franclois , Peyrat Marie‐Alix , Bignon Jean‐Denis , Soulillou Jean‐Paul 
Published: July 2010

The frequency of HLA‐A, ‐B and ‐DR antigens in 48 infectious mononucleosis (IM) patients was studied and the antigen frequencies were compared with those of a local panel. The resulting data do not confirm the association of IM and HLA‐B35 as reported in a previous work.A high and significant frequency of blank HLA‐DR phenotypes was noticed in the IM population during the acute phase, but HLA‐DR phenotypic expression was restored after recovery. This lack of expression could be the result of modified HLA‐DR expression on circulating EBV infected B lymphocytes.
Study of HLA system in a Mataco population:
Authors: VULLO C. M. , CELIS E. M. , SERRA H. M. , RIERA C. M. 
Published: July 2010

A search for antigens of the HLA system has been carried out in 53 Mataco Indians of Argentina living in a geographically isolated area in the northeast of the country. Samples were mostly collected from adults of both sexes who were not directly related.Lymphocyte typing was performed using the microcytotoxicity technique of NIH. 118 sera specific for 15 antigens of the first HLA locus, 22 antigens of the second and 6 of the third were used.The most frequently found alleles were HLA‐A28, Aw31 and A2 for the first locus; B15 and B40 for the second; and Cw3 and Cw4 for the third.In addition to previously published investigations on South American Indians, our typing work shows a remarkable homogeneous gene pool and a restricted range of polymorphism; therefore, a further set of haplotypes rendered us also restricted. The most frequent haplotypes that showed a significant statistical linkage desequilibrium were: A2‐Cw4, A28‐Bx, A2‐Cw3, Aw31‐Bw16, Aw24‐Cw3, B15‐Cw3, Bw16‐Cw3 and A28‐B5.Some of these haplotypes have also been found in other indian populations.
Relation of insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (IDD) and the HLA‐linked SB system
Authors: DE JONGH B. M. , TERMIJTELEN A. , BRUINING G. J. , DE VRIES R. R. P. , VAN ROOD J. J. 
Published: July 2010

This report deals with the question of the susceptibility for IDD association with the recently described HLA‐linked SB system. The SB system is located centromeric of HLA‐DR between HLA‐DR and GLO. At present five specificities of the SB system, which behave as alleles, can be recognized. A total of 40 IDD patients and 96 normal controls were characterized for HLA‐A, ‐B, ‐C, ‐DR and SB antigens. Our results confirmed the strong positive association of IDD with HLA‐DR3 and ‐DR4 and the negative association of IDD with HLA‐DR2.The genetic analysis of the SB system and IDD, however, demonstrated no significant association between alleles of SB and susceptibility for IDD. The analysis of association between alleles of HLA‐DR and SB revealed no significant linkage disequilibrium in IDD patients and a significant linkage disequilibrium between SB1 and HLA‐DR3 in the controls. These results suggest that the genes associated with susceptibility for IDD are primarily coded for telomeric of SB and tightly linked with HLA‐DR.
HLA‐A, B, DR antigens and insulin‐dependent diabetes in Algerians
Authors: Mercier P. , Vallo J. J. , Vialettes B. , Vague P.H. 
Published: July 2010

HLA‐A, B and DR antigens have been investigated in insulin‐dependent diabetics and compared to controls in a population of Algerians. A decrease of Al and DR2 and an increase of Aw 19.2; B8, B18 and especially DR3 were found in diabetics in comparison to controls. The strongest association was found for DR3, which is a good genetic marker of IDD (RR = 8.50) in this population. The frequency of some HLA antigen associations in IDD suggests that the diabetic gene(s) is linked to 2 main haplotypes: Aw 19.2; B18; DR3 and Aw 19.2; B8; DR3. Antigen DR4 was equally represented in IDD (21%) and controls (28.4%), but heterozygoty DR3‐DR4 was more frequent in diabetics.The relation between IDD and HLA antigens found in the Algerian population is very similar to that described in diabetic Caucasian populations of southern Europe, except for the lack of association with DR4.
DR4 and susceptibility to type I diabetes mellitus: discrimination of high risk and low risk DR4 haplotypes on the basis of TA10 typing
Authors: Tait Brian D. , Boyle Alan J. 
Published: July 2010

DR4 related serological heterogeneity differences between type I diabetic and normal individuals previously observed appear to be due to differences in the DQ subregion. An Australasian sera study has identified two subsets of DQw3, the DQ allele in linkage disequilibrium with DR4, one of which (DQw3S) is present in 95.2% of diabetic DR4 compared with 58.1% of normal DR4 individuals (p < 0.0005). The DQw3 subset showing a negative association with diabetes, DQw3L, appears to be closely related to or identical to TA10 a DQ subregion product previously described and studied in the 9th International Workshop. Analysis of the Workshop data showed a strong association of TA10‐ in type I diabetic DR4 individuals (93.5% v 69.1% in DR4+ normals) (p < 0.0005).B44 appears to show an association with the presence of TA10in DR4 positive individuals. This observation is suggestive of positive linkage disequilibrium and may explain the decreased frequency of the B44‐DR4 haplotype in type I diabetes.
Reduced complexity of RFLP for HLA‐DR typing by the use of a DRβ3’cDNA probe
Authors: Hongming Fei , Tilanus Marcel , Eggermond Marja van , Giphart Marius 
Published: July 2010

The polymorphism of the HLA system has been defined by alloantisera, monoclonal antibodies, MLC reactivity, protein chemistry and RFLP patterns in DNA analysis.Typing for the alleles of HLA‐DR at the DNA level as an additional typing technique is useful since any nucleated cell can be used. Moreover, it is not known whether the additional polymorphism found at the DNA level in an unambiguous serotype is of functional importance and thus needs to be included in HLA‐DR typing.A main problem in DNA typing is the interpretation of the complex patterns in Southern blot analysis, especially in heterozygous individuals. Therefore we constructed subprobes from full length DRβ, DQα and DQβ cDNA probes to reduce the number of hybridizing fragments while retaining the discriminating capacity. The clearest differences among DR alleles have been found using the restriction enzyme PvuII and the subprobe containing the 3’untranslated region of the DRβ probe. Although further characterization is necessary to be able to type at the DNA level, the simplified patterns facilitate DNA typing in heterozygous individuals for a number of haplotypes. Interestingly, the number of fragments thus obtained corresponds with the number of genes described for DR1 to DRw8 haplotypes.Based upon the finding of common hybridizing patterns in DR3, DR5 and DRw6 it may be concluded that DR3, DR5 and DRw6 have been evolved from a common ancestor. For the same reason DR4, DR7 and DRw9 may have evolved in an identical way.
HLA‐DP related suppression of mixed lymphocyte reaction with alloactivated lymphocytes
Authors: ØDum Niels , Hofmann Bo , Jakobsen Bodil K. , Langhoff Erik , Morling Niels , Platz Per , Ryder Lars P. , Svejgaard Arne 
Published: July 2010

We studied the influence of HLA class I and class II antigens on the suppression of the MLR induced by primed lymphocytes (PLs) alloactivated in vitro.The suppression of 14 different PLs of 83 MLRs was analyzed. The PLs were primed against (i) HLA‐DP (SB) (ii) HLA‐DR/DQ or (iii) both HLA‐DP and DR/ DQ. The suppression was analyzed with special reference to the sharing of HLA‐antigens between (i) the stimulator in the MLR and (ii) the stimulator generating the PL.HLA‐DP and HLA‐DR/DQ antigens were equally capable of generating suppressor cells. When these cells were added to MLRs, the specific stimulators induced the strongest suppression (74%), while allogeic cells sharing class II antigens induced a slightly weaker suppression (66%). The suppression related to HLA‐DP (60%) was almost identical to that related to HLA‐DR/DQ (59%). The HLA‐A, B, C related suppression was of the same magnitude (58%). The unspecific suppression (40%), i.e. no relation to known HLA‐antigens, was significantly lower than the class II related suppression, but not significantly lower than the class I related suppression. The suppression of the MLR did not seem to be caused by cytotoxic cells, consumption of lymphokines, nor changes in the kinetics of the MLR. Thus, HLA‐DP antigens can ‐ like DR/DQ antigens ‐ induce PLs with the ability to suppress the MLR in an HLA‐class II (DP or DR/DQ) related, and possibly a class I related, as well as an unspecific fashion.
An eight‐year study of HLA typing proficiency in Eurotransplant
Authors: Th. Schreuder G. M. , Hendriks G. F. J. , D'Amaro J. , Persijn G. G. 
Published: July 2010

The main purpose of Eurotransplant, an international organ exchange organisation, is to maximize the survival time of transplanted organs through tissue typing and matching. Regular proficiency testings are necessary to assess the repro‐ducibility and the reliability of the HLA typings performed by the individual typing centres.Two different protocols have been used: 1) since 1978, 35 samples of blood and donor spleen were used for cell exchanges (CE) and typed by all participating laboratories; 2) since 1977 samples of donor spleen have been shipped to the reference laboratory in Leiden for retyping (RD) resulting in over 2600 comparable HLA typings.The disrepancy rates of the HLA‐A, B, C and DR specificities were analysed over the years. A large number of discrepancies was due to false negative assignments which led to assumed homozygosity at one or more HLA‐loci. The recognition of HLA‐DR has improved dramatically but with much variation per DR specificity. The concordancy rates for HLA‐AB + DR have improved from 40% in 1981 to 91% for CE and 80% for RD typings in 1984. The reproducibility of DR typings in individual laboratories also has improved greatly but there is still considerable variation between the different laboratories.
Mikrosporie bei einer Gärtnerin
Authors: KABEN U. , MOLDENHAUER E. 
Published: July 2010

ZusammenfassungEs wird eine durch Mikrosporum gypseum hervorgerufene Mikrosporie am linken Unterarm bei einer Gärtnerin beschrieben. Die Untersuchung zahlreicher Erdproben vom Arbeitsplatz mit Hilfe der Haarködermethode nach Vanbreuseghem zur Isolierung dieses Pilzes verlief negativ. M.g. konnte jedoch aus Nerzmist, der kürzlich in der Gärtnerei Verwendung fand, gezüchtet werden, und zwar sowohl in der imperfekten als auch in der perfekten Form (Nannizzia incurvata Stockdale [1961]). Da in keiner Bodenprobe M.g. nachzuweisen war, muß der verwendete Nerzdung als Infektionsquelle angesehen werden. Mikrokulturen von M.g. in Nerzdung zeigten, daß die Makrokonidien unter unsterilen Versuchs‐bedingungen zu keimen vermogen. Es wird auf die Bedeutung tierischen Düngers als Infektionsquelle hingewiesen.
Darstellung von reduzierenden Fermenten bei Dermatophyten und Saprophyten durch Redoxindikatoren und deren Hemmung durch Fermentgifte
Authors: JUNG H. D. 
Published: July 2010

ZusammenfassungDie durch Kaliumtellurit und Triphenyltetrazoliumchlorid nachgewiesenen reduzierenden Fermente können in verschiedenen Myzeten am Farbniederschlag demonstriert werden. Durch Metallionen (z. B. HgCl2 in höherer Konzentration) bzw. Griseofulvin wird bei empfindlichen Pilzen die Synthese dieser Enzyme gehemmt bzw. blockiert. Bei einigen Myzeten ist aktive Reduktion erst wieder nachweisbar, wenn der Pilz “entgiftet” hat und das Pilzwachstum normalisiert ist. Die Redoxindikatoren sind unterschiedlich zum Nachweis aktiver Fermente geeignet und erfassen auch andere oder nicht alle Fermentsysteme. Reduktion wird immer nur im Agarmyzel, niemals im Luftmyzel beobachtet, da hier keine Redoxindikatoren vorhanden sind. Durch das Antimykotikum Griseofulvin kommt es bei entsprechend empfindlichen Myzeten daher wahrscheinlich zu einer aktiven Einwirkung in den Stoffwechsel und den Enzymmechanismus im Zytoplasma. Entsprechende Bilddokumente können demonstriert werden. Die Erprobung der Monotetrazoliumverbindung MTT sowie der MTT‐Kobaltmethode nach Pearse und Prüfungen weiterer Tetrazoliumverbindungen zum Nachweis reduzierender Fermente werden gegenwärtig vorbereitet.
Der Labor atoriumstest: Experimentelle Prüfung der Hemmwirkung waschaktiver Substanzen auf pathogene Pilze
Authors: Schaller K. F. , Schubach G. , Rieth H. 
Published: July 2010

ZusammenfassungDie in dem geprüften waschaktiven antimykotischen Konzentrat neben den Wirkstoffen Dequaliniumchlorid und Hexylresorcin enthaltenen waschaktiven Stoffe, vor allem Genapol LRO und Texapon N 25, weisen ebenfalls antimycetische Eigenschaften auf; dadurch erhöht sich die Eignung des Konzentrates als Pilzschutz für die Händereinigung und zur Einleitung und Unterstutzung spezifisch‐antimykotischer Therapien.
Comparative Morphology and Immunology of Members of the Genus Histoplasma
Authors: Ajello Libero 
Published: July 2010

ZusammenfassungDie Beziehungen zwischen H. duboisii und H. farciminosum sowie H. capsulatum sind in Form einer Übersicht dargestellt. Daraus ergibt sich keine annehmbare morphologische oder serologische Basis, um den Erreger der epizootischen Lymphangitis in die Gattung Histoplasma einzuordnen. Die endgültige Klassifizierung dieses Pilzes benötigt neuere Befunde hinsichtlich seiner asexuellen und sexuellen Vermehrung.Die histopathologischen Unterschiede bei Infektion durch H. capsulatum und H. duboisii werden nicht als ausreichende Basis erachtet, um H. duboisii für mehr als eine Varietät von H. capsulatum zu betrachten.
Zum Nachweis von Cryptococcus neoformans im Staub von einem Taubenschlag*
Authors: Staib F. , Bethauser G. 
Published: July 2010

ZusammenfassungDer Isolierung von C. neoformans mittels Selektivmedien (Negersaat‐Kreatinin‐Anti‐biotika‐Diphenyl‐Agar und Negersaat‐Kreatinin‐Agar) aus Taubenkot in Taubenschlägen (im Raum Würzburg) folgten Untersuchungen über das Vorkommen dieses Sproβpilzes im Staub eines verseuchten Taubenschlages.In einem 45 m3 groβen Raum (15 m2 Bodenfläche) in dem sich ca. 1,5 m3 von trockenem, alten Taubenkot fanden, — bei Luftbewegung durch 60 umherfliegende Tauben — lagen nach einer Expositionszeit von 10 Min. 2 koloniebildungsfähige C.neoformans‐Zellen (nach 45 Min. 10 Zellen) auf 2 mal 50 cm2 Nährbodenoberfläche (auf dem Boden des Raums aufgestellt) vor.Aus dem Sputum von 2 Personen konnte jedoch nach einem einstündigen Aufenthalt in diesem Raum C. neoformans nicht isoliert werden.Zur Pathogenese der Cryptococcose als Inhalationsmykose und zum Cryptococcus neoformans‐Nachweis wird Stellung genommen.
Pilze in Lebensmitteln: Studies on mould contamination of different foods in Egypt
Authors: Refai M. , Sadek I. 
Published: July 2010

ZusammenfassungDie Frage des Pilzvorkommens in Lebensmitteln ist aus versdiiedenen Griinden von Bedeutung. Pilze können den Verderb der Lebensmittel bewirken, sie können Toxine bil‐den, die Krankheitserscheinungen verursachen, und es können Pilze sein, die auch im oder auf dem mensdilichen Körper wachsen. Die Untersuchung natürlich infizierter Lebensmittel ergab am häufigsten Penicillium. Ein Kudien enthielt Aspergillus niger, A. candi‐dus, A. oryzae, A. flavipes, A. glaucus, Thamnidium und Mucor. Die experimentelle In‐fektion verschiedener Lebensmittel gelang am besten mit A. niger und einer Penicillium‐art. Untersuchungen auf breiter Basis sind notwendig.ResumenEl problema del hallazgo de hongos en los alimentos es por mudias razones de gran importancia. Hongos pueden provocar la descomposicion de los alimentos, producir toxinas que causan enfermedades, y ademas puede tratarse de hongos capaces de proli‐ferar sobre o en el cuerpo humano.La investigatión de alimentos infectados en forma natural demostró Penicillium como agente causal mas frecuente. Una torta contenía: Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus candidus, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus flavipes, Aspergillus glaucus, Thamnidium y Mucor.La infección experimental de diversos alimentos se logró especialmente con Aspergillus niger y una especie de Penicillium. Es necesario realizar investigaciones en gran escala.
Dermatophilosis in Cattle from Rio Grande Do Sul (Brasil)
Authors: Londero A. T. , Ramos Cecy D. , Santiago M. 
Published: July 2010

ZusammenfassungAuf 3 Farmen mit insgesamt 1668 Rindern wiesen 100 dieser Tiere hornige und krustige Hauterscheinungen auf. Bei 21 Rindern wurde als Erreger Dermatophilus congolensis isoliert. In einem Falle wurde aus einer Läsion am Schwanz Trichophyton verrucosum gezüchtet.In Rio Grande do Sul wurde damit zum ersten Male Dermatophilose bei Rindern festgestellt. Sehr häufig wurden auf der inneren Oberfläche der Ohren nicht nur Krankheitserscheinungen, sondern audi Zecken beobachtet; Die Vermutung liegt nahe, daß sie bei der Übertragung eine Rolle spielen.Starke Regenfälle scheinen die Ausbreitung der Krankheit begünstigt zu haben.ResumenEn 3 haciendas con 1668 vacunos, se hallaron 100 animales con lesiones cutáneas hiperqueratósicas y costrosas. 21 de ellos eran positivos para Dermatophilus congolensis. De un animal se pudo aislar Trichophyton verrucosum.Se observó así por primera vez la dermatophilosis en vacunos en Rio Grande do Sul. En las orejas de algunos animales so observaron además de las lesiones típicas de la enfermedad, garrapatas que podrían tener importancia en la transmisión del hongo. La expansión de la enfermedad se pude haber visto favorecida por las copiosas lluvias.