bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GLUCOSE, PYRUVATE AND CITRATE CONCENTRATIONS IN THE AQUEOUS HUMOUR OF HUMAN CATARACTOUS EYES
Authors: LAURSEN A. BRUUN , LORENTZEN S. E. 
Published: May 2009

Results are reported of determinations of glucose concentrations in aqueous humour and plasma, of pyruvate concentrations in aqueous humour, and of citrate concentrations in aqueous humour and plasma from 22 non‐fasting and 17 fasting patients with senile cataracts, five fasting diabetics with senile cataracts, and four patients with cataract and other ocular diseases. Higher pyruvate concentrations were found in the non‐fasting group with senile cataract than in the fasting senile cataract group (P < 0.01). The group of diabetics likewise presented higher pyruvate concentrations than the group of fasting senile‐cataractous patients (P < 0.05).The Spearman coefficient of rank correlation showed a positive correlation between cataract density and citrate concentrations in the aggregate series (P < 0.05). Senile cortical cataracts and senile nuclear plus cortical cataracts differed in that the citrate aqueous/citrate plasma ratio calculated for the whole series collectively was the lowest in the latter group (P < 0.05). Further investigations into the metabolite concentrations at different stages of cataract are, however, required, as an error of the first kind because of multiple significance tests cannot be left out of account in the present material.
SCLERAL PLAQUES
Authors: NORN M. S. 
Published: May 2009

A follow‐up (measurement by measuring ocular in the Haag Streit slit lamp) of 90 scleral plaques in 47 patients from 6 to 12 months after the primary examination showed the plaques to have increased in size: on an average 40% in height and 34% in breadth, growing more away from than towards the limbus corneae.The previously advanced theories concerning their cause: desiccation, poor blood supply, and mechanical muscular action, are discussed.The first theory is refutable by the growth direction of the plaque. The third one is borne out by the growth direction of the plaque, its site in front of the muscle insertion and by the plaque being found most frequently in front of the medial horizontal eye muscles.
ANTERIOR CHAMBER DEPTH IN GREENLAND ESKIMOS
Authors: ALSBIRK P. H. 
Published: May 2009

The remarkable prevalence of primary angle‐closure glaucoma (a.c.g.) in Greenland Eskimos called for a study of the anterior chamber depth (ACD) in this population. In the district of Umanaq the population above the age of seven was examined with a participation rate of 98%;. Optical pachymetry was performed in 1,828 eyes of 931 Eskimos with Haag Streit 900 instruments.As an introduction to further analyses the variability due to age and sex was studied. The results showed that the ACD increased through school age, achieved a maximum at puberty and decreased throughout adult life as in other populations. In contrast to previous large samples the variance of ACD increased significantly by age. No difference was found between boys and girls. In adults the ACD level was 0.16 mm shallower in females, i.e. a highly significant sex difference.
THE PSEUDO‐EXFOLIATION SYNDROME. A SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY
Authors: DAVANGER MARTIN 
Published: May 2009

The distribution and the surface of pseudo‐exfoliation (PE) material on the anterior lens surface has been studied by scanning electron microscopy. The lenses were fixed in glutaraldehyde and OsO4, and dried by the critical point method. The PE granules of the peripheral band may rest upon a basal lamella, which may terminate in a sharp edge bordering the intermediate zone. The basal lamella may continue peripherally beyond the granular peripheral band, towards the lens equator, where the basal lamella may cover the zonular attachment zone. The central disc is considered to be analogous to this lamella.In high magnification it is found that the surface of the granular and the lamellar PE material is formed by an irregular meshwork of tortuous fibrils, which may be coiled as spirals. The diameter of the fibrils is between 500 and 1000 Å, and their length may be up to 5 μm. The possibility that these fibrils are a condensation product of mucopolysaccharides is discussed.
ANTERIOR CHAMBER DEPTH AND PRIMARY ANGLE‐CLOSURE GLAUCOMA
Authors: ALSBIRK P. H. 
Published: May 2009

The anterior chamber depth (ACD) was measured by optical pachymetry in 60 Eskimos with primary angle‐closure glaucoma (a.c.g.). They lived in seven medical districts from nearly all parts of Greenland, in locations with a total of 2,800 Eskimo inhabitants over 40 years. Out of these, an ACD survey, recently described, covered 1,072. The a.c.g. patients had been ascertained by symptoms or through screenings.Prevalence rates are given according to epidemiologic method, age, and sex, totalling 1.6% in males and 5.1% in females, on an average 3.5%. The risk of a.c.g. at various levels of ACD was estimated in the survey population.The ACD mean value of the a.c.g. patients closely agreed with that of the Caucasian series. On the other hand, in Eskimos the mean value of the general population was only 0.5 mm above the mean ACD found in a.c.g. patients, whereas in Caucasians this difference is reported to be about 1.0 mm. An attempt is made to explain the ethnic variation and the sex difference with respect to prevalence of a.c.g. simply in terms of the ACD distribution.
MALIGNANT MELANOMA OF THE CHOROID IN AN 11‐MONTH‐OLD INFANT
Authors: FLEDELIUS HANS , LAND ANNA MARIE 
Published: May 2009

A malignant melanoma of the choroid was observed in an 11‐month‐old fair‐skinned Danish boy — one of the youngest cases ever published. There was no evidence of pre‐existing melanosis of eyes or skin. The tumour showed histopathologically a typical “adult” pattern and was classified as a mixed tumour. The melanin content was marked.In some earlier reports on uveal tumours within the first year of life, pigmentation was sparse or lacking; a hypothesis has therefore previously been advanced: That melanomas are unable to produce melanin so early in life. The present case renders proof against this hypothesis.
OCULAR CALCIFICATIONS IN PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
Authors: JENSEN O. A. 
Published: May 2009

In a case of primary hyperparathyroidism, ocular changes were observed as vacuoles in the basal cells of the corneal epithelium, and by staining procedures, calcium was found in the corneal and conjunctival epithelia, the corneal endothelium and in the sclera.By electron microscopy, needle‐like crystals of calcium hydroxyapatite precursors were found intracellularly, also in keratocytes. The crystals in the epithelial cells were often confined to the nucleus.In a case of idiopathic hypercalcaemia of infancy, similar crystals were found intracellularly in the corneal epithelial and stromal cells, and in this case extracellular deposits, morphologically identical with extracellular deposits in conjunctival biopsies from patients with renal failure, were also seen. These extracellular aggregations were probably also composed of hydroxyapatite.The difference in morphology between intracellular and extracellular deposits is discussed in the light of the serum values of the mineral ions found in the three groups of cases.
LYMPHOMA AND OTHER LYMPHOID LESIONS OF THE ORBIT
Authors: KLEENER JøRGEN 
Published: May 2009

The orbit differs from the rest of the organism, excluding the central nervous system, as concerns lymph drainage. This may possible explain some of the peculiar features in lymphoid orbital lesions.The lymphoid tumours of the orbit are discussed on the basis of the classification most widely applied. An illustrative case is reported and it is concluded that even if local therapy may prove successful, patients in whom orbital lymphoid tumours have been diagnosed should be kept under constant observation with a view to prompt institution of treatment upon evidence of generalized disease.
CORNEAL THICKNESS AFTER CATARACT EXTRACTION WITH AIR IN THE ANTERIOR CHAMBER
Authors: NORN M. S. 
Published: May 2009

A total of 135 patients had the corneal thickness measured prior to cataract extraction. The chamber was re‐established by air in 86, while the remainder acted as controls. On the second postoperative day the corneal thickness had increased by 12.7 % in the air‐inflated group, and by 17.6% in the control group. On the sixth postoperative day the increases in thickness were 7.2 and 11.1% respectively. On follow‐up control 6 to 12 months later the corneal thickness was as before the operation. Epithelial oedema was significantly more frequent in the control group.The conclusion is drawn that an air bubble in the anterior chamber has no unfavourable effect on the corneal endothelium. On the contrary, it seems to protect the endothelium from postoperative damage.
BACTERIAL FLORA IN RELATION TO CATARACT EXTRACTION
Authors: FAHMY J. A. , MØLLER S. , BENTZON M. WEIS 
Published: May 2009

The conjunctival flora of 499 patients operated for cataract was studied on the 4th and 7th postoperative days and compared with the flora examined previously on admission to the hospital and at the time of surgery (Fahmy et al. 1975b, c). Antibiotics had been administered approximately 18 hours before operation, at the conclusion of surgery, and then on the 4th postoperative day after the cultures had been taken.After a significant fall in incidence, including all kinds of bacteria at the time of surgery (Fahmy et al. 1975c), Staphylococcus albus showed an increase in incidence on the 4th postoperative day to the level found on admission. Corynebacteria and gram‐negative bacilli likewise showed increasing incidence but not to the level of admission. The incidence of Staphylococcus aureus and streptococci remained unchanged.On the 7th postoperative day, S. aureus showed a fall in incidence while other bacteria had largely the same incidence as that of the 4th postoperative day.The origin of S. aureus isolated postoperatively from the conjunctiva was studied, and showed that the great majority of strains were similar to those found on the patient's own conjunctiva preoperatively. In a few instances, S. aureus could be traced to the patient's own nose or to the noses of some of the nurses.The air of the wards, eye drops or ophthalmic ointments used in the treatment of the patients apparently did not play any role as a source of S. aureus infection.Cultures obtained on the 4th postoperative day showed only a minor relationship to the flora of the wound site observed at the conclusion of surgery.
ENDOPHTHALMITIS FOLLOWING CATARACT EXTRACTION
Authors: FAHMY J. A. 
Published: May 2009

The incidence of postoperative endophthalmitis in a series of 4,498 consecutive cataract operations, performed in a period of 10 years, was examined and found to equal 0.533%.Paracentesis of the anterior chamber was done in two cases and revealed Staphylococcus albus to be the causative organism in both instances. Conjunctival cultures were recovered in a further 17 cases, and showed S. albus in pure culture in eight cases and in combination with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteous morgani in two cases. Streptococcus haemolyticus was isolated in pure culture in one case, while the cultures from six other patients were negative.The role of such factors as age, diabetes mellitus, chronic bronchitis, “weak ocular tissue”, and persurgical complications which predisposed to postoperative infections was examined and found to have no significance on the occurrence of endophthalmitis in the present study.The visual end results were assessed and showed a better prognosis than generally expected. Of 24 cases, five achieved good visual acuity (6/6–6/12), 13 had a useful vision (6/18–6/60), while five remained actually blind (> 6/60). In only one case was the eye enucleated.Methods of treatment and prophylaxis are described and discussed. A total suppression or elimination of all regional bacteria at the time of surgery seems to be the logical goal.
MELANOTROPIC DRUGS AND RETINAL FUNCTIONS
Authors: CALISSENDORFF BERIT 
Published: May 2009

The present work is the first in a series of investigations on the effects of melanotropic drugs on retinal functions. The changes in the conventional ERG of the dark‐adapted, intact sheep eye were studied after iv administrations of quinine and chloroquine. Both drugs influenced the ERG in principally the same way. Small doses changed only the c‐wave amplitude which began to oscillate after a delay of about 1 hour. Larger doses had an immediate effect on both the b‐ and c‐waves. The b‐wave amplitude dropped and the c‐wave showed an initial peak followed by oscillatory changes about 1 h later. These late changes were similar to those observed after administration of small doses of the drugs.The present results indicate that small doses of quinine and chloroquine have a delayed effect on the pigment epithelial cells, while larger doses exert a more immediate and general retinotoxic effect.
BLOOD CIRCULATION CHANGES IN THE EYE AND LIMBS
Authors: HØRVEN I. , GJØNNÆSS H. , KROESE A. 
Published: May 2009

Alterations in corneal indentation pulse (CIP) amplitudes and pulse volume recordings (PVR) on the limbs were demonstrated in pregnant women, indicating that significant changes occur in the peripheral blood circulation during pregnancy.The PVR measured at week 30–36 of gestation demonstrated a significant increase when recorded on the forearm and index finger. In the eye an increase in CIP amplitudes was found early in pregnancy. From week 20 on, however, a steady decrease occurred, until the CIP amplitudes at term averaged about 1/3 of the values from normal, non‐pregnant women.Similar changes, although less pronounced, were demonstrated in the ocular blood circulation during oral contraceptive treatment and, to some extent, during menstruation. Intake of gestagens and diaethyl‐stilboestrol did not alter the CIP amplitudes.
VISUAL FUNCTIONS AFTER PERINATAL MACULAR HAEMORRHAGE
Authors: LOWES MARTIN , EHLERS NIELS , JENSEN IB KRARUP 
Published: May 2009

Perinatal macular haemorrhage has been suggested as being a cause of amblyopia and strabismus. 39 of 48 children with macular haemorrhage after birth were examined at the age of 5 years. The study comprised visual acuity with E‐test types and cycloplegic refraction. Binocular function was evaluated by cover test, and 4d‐prism test. Fixation was studied by an ophthalmoscope with a central dark star. Sensory function was estimated by Schober test and Worth 4‐dot‐test.The observations gave no support to the existence of organic amblyopia or strabismus following perinatal macular haemorrhage.
INTERFERENCE FILTER FOR COLOUR AND BLACK‐AND‐WHITE FLUORESCEIN ANGIOGRAPHY
Authors: KORNACKI B. , ALGVERE P. , STEFANIAK T. 
Published: May 2009

A new dichromic interference filter was used as the excitation filter in colour and black‐and‐white fluorescein angiography of the human fundus. The interference filter transmits light shorter than 490 nm (blue) and longer than 640 nm (red). In colour photography the red light shows the topography of the fundus.In black‐and‐white photography, the red light is prevented from reaching the fundus by an additional absorption filter used together with the interference filter. These two comprise the excitation filter, which eliminates the pseudo‐fluorescence from black‐and‐white angiograms.
CONGO RED VITAL STAINING OF CORNEA AND CONJUNCTIVA
Authors: NORN M. S. 
Published: May 2009

Vital staining with an aqueous solution of 1% Congo red has been studied in the slit lamp. In 98 cases the dye was mixed with 1% lissamine green, in 120 eyes subsequent staining was performed with 0.125% fluorescein, and in 80 cases the mucous thread from the inferior conjunctival fornix was microscoped.Congo red stains dead cells, degenerate cells, and mucus. The dye discloses keratitis, corneal erosion, contact lens damages, corrosions, etc. It stains like lissamine green and rose bengal, though less frequently and less intensely than theseCongo red is a pH indicator. Acid reaction beyond its pH‐range (3.0–5.2) has not been demonstratedAmyloid‐specific colour reaction (red‐green dichromatic polarisation) has been noticed in mucous fibrils, most often in relation to infectious conjunctivitis and corrosion, never in normal eyes. Th phenomenon is believed to indicate degeneration of the mucous fibrils (on the analogy of toluidine‐blue‐stained mucus), whereas not presence of genuine amyloid. It is, in other words, an important phenomenon in the differential diagnosisCongo red is hardly indicated in ordinary clinical practice for vital staining of cornea and conjunctiva. Fluorescein, combined with rose bengal or lissamin green should be preferred
EMBRYONAL SARCOMA OF THE ORBIT
Authors: FLEDELIUS HANS 
Published: May 2009

The present study deals with 19 Danish cases of embryonal sarcoma of the orbit. Eight patients are still alive, however, only six with long‐period survival (8–21 years).The contralateral orbit (and eye) remained uninvolved in the 19 cases; accordingly the six long‐period survivors all have normal “social” vision. In 17 cases the homolateral eye was removed early or late in the clinical history. Only one of the long‐period survivors has preserved the homolateral eye (and with useful vision, 6/24 after surgery for irradiation cataract).The nation‐wide investigation covers a period of 22 years. It reflects the difficulties in diagnosing orbital tumours and the changes in therapeutic approach to date. Megavoltage radiotherapy plus chemotherapy immediately after the initial biopsy is now considered the therapy of choice; exenteration of the orbit is performed only in the case of a recurrence. Against the background of the present and an earlier study, centralization of Danish orbital malignancies in infants and children is advocated.
ATROPHY OF OPTIC NERVE FIBRES IN COMPRESSION OF THE CHIASM
Authors: LUNDSTRÖM MATS , FRISÉN LARS 
Published: May 2009

A relationship between the degree of atrophy of retinal nerve fibres and visual field defect has been described in postoperative steady‐state patients (LundstrÖm & FrisÉn 1976). The same factors were studied prior to surgery in six patients with compression of the chiasm due to chromophobe adenoma. In five eyes the field defect was excessive in relation to the degree of atrophy. After surgery the visual field defects improved to a level corresponding to the degree of atrophy in these eyes.In the remaining seven eyes there was a close correspondence between the atrophy and the visual field defect already before surgery. The visual field defects remained unchanged in these eyes. Provided that atrophy does not increase after surgery, simultaneous preoperative evaluation of retinal nerve fibre atrophy and visual field defect allows an accurate prediction of prognosis for improvement.
LYMPHOMA AND OTHER LYMPHOID LESIONS OF THE ORBIT (II)
Authors: KLEENER JØRGEN 
Published: May 2009

The incidence, survival rate and causes of death of patients with orbital lymphomas and other lymphoid lesions of the orbit in Denmark, during the period 1943‐62 inclusive, were studied by means of a clinico‐pathological analysis. In the period examined, the incidence of histologically verified primary orbital tumours was 0.06 ‰. The incidence of primary orbital lymphomas and lymphod lesions was at least 0.012 ‰.These can be histologically divided into 3 categories: benign, indeterminate (intermediary) and malignant. The present study confirms the relevance of this classification, as there is a definite relationship between the histological diagnosis and the clinical survival rate.For the patients in question, the chances of dying of a universal malignant disease were approximately 103 times greater than in the normal Danish population.
TIME CHANGES OF CONTRAST THRESHOLDS DURING AUTOMATIC PERIMETRY
Authors: HEUL ANDERS 
Published: May 2009

Contrast thresholds were continuously recorded in six points of the visual field through a repetitive up‐and‐down staircase method using the automatic perimeter developed by Heijl & Krakau (1975b). The uninterrupted sessions lasted about 30 min. Nineteen patients with a verified diagnosis of glaucoma, or in whom glaucoma was suspected, and twelve healthy normal subjects were tested.With increasing test time, a decreased contrast sensitivity was found. In most subjects the mean threshold increment was small (< 1.5 dB). The threshold increments were larger in the patient group than in the normal subjects ‐ many test points showing increments of 6–10 dB during the test session. Such a large deterioration of sensitivity was most common in eyes with visual field defects. Test points which showed large threshold increments were often situated in the vicinity of documented visual field defects.In eyes with pathological visual fields, the short‐term variation increased with increasing test time. An impairment of fixation with increasing test time was found in the patient group.
WORK AND DISABILITY AT THE AGE OF 30 YEARS
Authors: KINGE FINN OLAV , AASVED HENRY 
Published: May 2009

The study is based on a cohort of 1570 persons consisting of all live births in 1940 of mothers then residing in Bergen. A sample was taken of the cohort after stratification according to type of school attended at the age of 14 years. The sample was supplemented with persons who had either attended Special Schools for the educable mentally retarded or received care from National Services for the mentally retarded. The final sample consisted of 262 persons.Persons in the sample were examined neurologically, and the results of these examinations formed the basis for further ophthalmological examinations.Frequency of visual impairment in the cohort at the age of 30 years, according to relatively strict criterion, is estimated at 4.6% ± 2.0%. Frequency was found to increase with a lower level of education (type of school) and decreasing IQ‐points. Pathology of the eye was found most frequently among members of the services for the mentally retarded and was associated with encephalopathy.
TREATMENT OF KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS SICCA WITH LIQUID PARAFFIN OR POLYVINYL ALCOHOL IN DOUBLE‐BLIND TRIALS
Authors: NORN M. S. 
Published: May 2009

Twenty‐two eyes affected with keratoconjunctivitis sicca have been subjected to double trials using the double‐blind randomized cross‐over technique.Polyvinyl alcohol in a 5% concentration improved the condition whereas liquid paraffin aggravated it, as estimated subjectively, and by the measurement of the break up time of the corneal film, and, finally, by the scoring of rose bengal vital staining of exposed cornea and conjunctiva. The conclusion is drawn that oil is contraindicated in keratoconjunctivitis sicca, and that rose bengal scoring (modified Bijsterveld method) is a valuable aid in control of the sicca syndrome.
THE EFFECT OF POLYPHLORETIN PHOSPHATE ON THE AQUEOUS FLARE RESPONSE TO α‐MELANOCYTE STIMULATING HORMONE
Authors: BENGTSSON ELISABETH 
Published: May 2009

The breakdown of the blood aqueous barrier caused by topical prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) or subcutaneous α‐melanocyte stimulating hormone (α‐MSH) was quantified by measurements of the aqueous flare seen in the anterior chamber. Polyphloretin phosphate (PPP) administered subcutaneously was found to effectively block the protein leakage caused by all three traumatic stiumli. The same dose of PPP given intravenously inhibited effectively the flare response to PGE1 and α‐MSH, whereas the effect of PGE2 was only slightly decreased.Significant inhibition by subconjunctival PPP was not achieved for any of the three stimuli.Assuming that PPP is a specific PG‐antagonist the present results support the earlier suggestion that PGs take part in the barrier damaging action of α‐MSH. However, it cannot be excluded that PPP acts on a step subsequent to PG. This step might be common to PGs‐ and α‐MSH‐effects on the barrier, explaining why PPP inhibits both types of trauma.