bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Noninvasive Assessment of Exercise-Related Intramyocellular Acetylcarnitine in Euglycemia and Hyperglycemia in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Using 1H Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Authors: Boss Andreas , Kreis Roland , Jenni Stefan , Ith Michael , Nuoffer Jean-Marc , Christ Emanuel , Boesch Chris , Stettler Christoph 
Published: October 2010

OBJECTIVE
Intramyocellular acetylcarnitine (IMAC) is involved in exercise-related fuel metabolism. It is not known whether levels of systemic glucose influence IMAC levels in type 1 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Seven male individuals with type 1 diabetes performed 120 min of aerobic exercise at 55–60% of Vo2max randomly on two occasions (glucose clamped to 5 or 11 mmol/l, identical insulinemia). Before and after exercise, IMAC was detected by 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy in musculus vastus intermedius.

RESULTS
Postexercise levels of IMAC were significantly higher than pre-exercise values in euglycemia (4.30 ± 0.54 arbitrary units [a.u.], P &lt; 0.001) and in hyperglycemia (2.44 ± 0.53 a.u., P = 0.01) and differed significantly according to glycemia (P &lt; 0.01). The increase in exercise-related levels of IMAC was significantly higher in euglycemia (3.97 ± 0.45 a.u.) than in hyperglycemia (1.71 ± 0.50 a.u.; P &lt; 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS
The increase in IMAC associated with moderate aerobic exercise in individuals with type 1 diabetes was significantly higher in euglycemia than in hyperglycemia.
Efficacy and safety of etravirine at week 96 in treatment-experienced HIV type-1-infected patients in the DUET-1 and DUET-2 trials
Authors: Katlama Christine , Clotet Bonaventura , Mills Anthony , Trottier Benoit , Molina Jean-Michel , Grinsztejn Beatriz , Towner William , Haubrich Richard , Nijs Steven , Vingerhoets Johan , Woodfall Brian , Witek James 
Published: October 2010

Background Durable efficacy and long-term safety of antiretroviral therapy are important goals in the management of treatment-experienced patients. The 96-week efficacy and safety of the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) etravirine were evaluated in the Phase III DUET trials. Methods HIV type-1-infected treatment-experienced adults with viral loads >5,000 copies/ml and NNRTI and protease inhibitor resistance were randomized to receive etravirine 200 mg or placebo, each twice daily and in combination with a background regimen of darunavir/ritonavir twice daily, nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors and optional enfuvirtide. The primary end point was the proportion of patients with viral load <50 copies/ml (intent-to-treat analysis, time-to-loss of virological response algorithm) at week 24. Results from both trials were combined in the pre-specified pooled 96-week analysis. Results In total, 599 patients received etravirine and 604 received placebo. At week 96, 57% of patients in the etravirine group versus 36% in the placebo group had a viral load <50 copies/ml ( P<0.0001); 91% and 88% of patients, respectively, had maintained this response from week 48. Mean increases in CD4+ T-cell count from baseline at week 96 were 128 cells/mm3 with etravirine versus 86 cells/mm3 with placebo ( P<0.0001). With the exception of rash, which was reported more frequently with etravirine than placebo (21% versus 12%, respectively; P<0.0001), the safety and tolerability profile of etravirine was similar to placebo over the treatment period. Conclusions Etravirine, in combination with an antiretroviral background regimen, provided durable virological and immunological responses with no new safety concerns in treatment-experienced patients over 96 weeks in the DUET trials.
Reduced dose of stavudine and lipoatrophy in HIV-infected patients in Cameroon
Authors: Cournil Amandine , Coudray Mathilde , Kouanfack Charles , Essomba Claudine Ntsama , Tonfack Clément Auguste Djouatsa , Biwolé-Sida Magloire , Delaporte Eric , Bork Kirsten , Laurent Christian 
Published: October 2010

Background This study assessed the effect of stavudine (d4T) 30 mg dosage on lipoatrophy in HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral treatment. Methods A total of 243 patients from Cameroon receiving d4T or zidovudine (AZT) in combination with lamivudine and efavirenz or nevirapine for >6 months were clinically assessed for moderate to severe (‘strict’ definition) and mild to severe (‘large’ definition) lipoatrophy. Prevalence of lipoatrophy was compared between 69 patients who had received exclusively d4T 30 mg (d4T30), 64 patients who had received both d4T 30 and 40 mg dosages since treatment initiation (d4T30/40) and 110 patients on AZT-related therapy. Results Prevalence of lipoatrophy varied from 7% to 24%, according to the definition. After adjustment for gender, age, treatment duration and CD4+ T-cell count, the risk of lipoatrophy in the d4T30 group was lower than in the d4T30/40 group (odds ratio [OR] 0.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.1–0.8 with the large definition and OR 0.2, 95% CI 0.0–0.8 with the strict definition) and was comparable to that of the AZT group (OR 1.0, 95% CI 0.2–4.6 and OR 1.0, 95% CI 0.4–2.2 with the large and strict definitions, respectively). The risk was significantly higher in the d4T30/40 group compared with the AZT group (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.3–6.4 with the large definition and OR 5.5, 95% CI 1.3–23.5 with the strict definition). Conclusions The use of d4T at a lower dosage might increase safety with regard to its effect on lipoatrophy.
Improving the Prediction of Virological Response to Tipranavir: The Development and Validation of a Tipranavir-Weighted Mutation Score
Authors: Schapiro Jonathan M , Scherer Joseph , Boucher Charles A , Baxter John D , Tilke Clemens , Perno Carlo F , Maggiolo Franco , Santoro Maria M , Hall David B 
Published: October 2010

Background The purpose of this study was to develop a tipranavir-weighted mutation score that provides guidance to treating physicians on the relative effect of specific protease mutations on tipranavir activity. Methods Weights were developed using data from RESIST tipranavir-treated patients based on regressions of virological response at weeks 8 and 24, accounting for baseline CD4+ T-cell count and background regimen activity. The resulting weighted score and cutoffs were validated using a set of cohort patients external to the tipranavir development programme. Response rates were tabulated for the new weighted score and compared with other tipranavir mutation scores used in clinical practice. Results The final weights were 74P, 82L/T, 83D and 47V (+4), 58E and 84V (+3), 36I, 43T and 54A/M/V (+2), 10V, 33F and 46L (+1), 24I and 76V (-2), 50L/V (-4), and 54L (-6). Tipranavir-weighted score susceptibility categories were susceptible ≤3, partially susceptible >3 but ≤10, and resistant ≥11. Week 48 response rates for RESIST patients were 34.6%, 15.9% and 5.9%, respectively. Using the external cohort data ( n=150), the weighted score was highly associated with week 8 viral load reduction ( P=0.0027). Only one other score achieved statistical significance. Conclusions The tipranavir-weighted score developed and externally validated here, in three datasets representing a broad population of treatment-experienced patients, can be used to make clinical decisions about whether to consider tipranavir in a treatment-experienced patient who has limited treatment options.
La portée de la typologie élaborée par Tönnies de l'existence humaine, entre communauté et société
Authors: Demelemestre Gaëlle 
Published: October 2010

Résumé Cet article propose de reprendre le débat engagé, dans la seconde moitié du 20e siècle, entre les libéraux et les « communautariens » à la lumière de la distinction sociologique opérée par Tönnies, à la fin du 19e siècle, entre l'existence humaine développée dans la forme de la communauté, et celle répondant plus à la rationalité dont il observait la montée en puissance, qu'il désignait comme la société. Ces deux approches théoriques d'une même réalité, l'homme existant avec ses semblables, sont couramment présentées comme antagonistes, voire inconciliables. Mais où se situe exactement leur supposée incompatibilité ? Faut-il absolument sacrifier ce qu'apporte à l'individu la vie en communauté, dès lors que l'on existe dans le cadre de la société libérale capitaliste ? Et inversement, la vie communautaire occulte-t-elle radicalement toute possibilité d'exister sur le mode de la rationalité procédurale requise par la société libérale ? C'est l'intuition de Tönnies d'une nécessaire conciliation entre la forme de vie développée au sein de la communauté, et celle engendrée par la société, que nous suivrons ici pour reprendre ce débat.
La compétence à évaluer : une compétence révélatrice de la professionnalité des enseignants d'EPS. Étude de cas et perspectives pour la formation
Authors: Carnus Marie-France , Terrisse André 
Published: October 2010

Résumé La compétence à l’évaluation est, selon nous, révélatrice de la compétence professionnelle. Comment se construit-elle et qu’en déduire pour la formation des professeurs stagiaires d’EPS ? Cet article rend compte d’une étude menée dans le cadre d’une recherche INRP (Institut national de la Recherche Pédagogique). Il s’organise en quatre temps : bilan de la formation à l’évaluation à l’IUFM Midi-Pyrénées, étude des conceptions des professeurs stagiaires et des conseillers pédagogiques, description et compréhension de pratiques effectives d’évaluation et proposition d’orientation de nature à transformer les pratiques de formation à l’évaluation et à la notation.
Mieux comprendre les obstacles qui entravent le retour en formation des adultes peu scolarisés
Authors: Lavoie Natalie , Levesque Jean-Yves , Lapointe Dominic 
Published: October 2010

Résumé Cet article expose les obstacles à la participation d’adultes peu scolarisés à des activités de formation selon quatre dimensions : situationnelle, dispositionnelle, informationnelle et institutionnelle. Ces obstacles ont pu être identifiés et décrits à partir d’un corpus de données issues d’entrevues individuelles auprès de personnes peu scolarisées, des participants, des non participants et des anciens participants à des activités de formation, ainsi que des groupes de discussion composés de formatrices et de formateurs.
Le conseiller en VAE : nouveau métier de la formation des adultes ?
Authors: Pinte Gilles 
Published: October 2010

Résumé La mise en place de la validation des acquis de l’expérience à partir de 2002 a fait apparaître dans les structures de formation un nouvel acteur : le conseiller en VAE. Son rôle consiste à guider le candidat dans la procédure de validation des acquis depuis le choix d’un niveau de certification jusqu’à la présentation du dossier devant un jury, et parfois lorsque la validation est partielle, à préconiser un suivi de formation complémentaire. L’activité principale des conseillers en VAE consiste donc à accompagner les candidats dans ces différentes démarches. Nous avons cherché à savoir à travers un questionnaire et des entretiens si l’activité des conseillers en VAE pouvait représenter un nouveau métier dans le champ de la formation des adultes
Chromosome 1 Open Reading Frame 190 Promotes Activation of NF-κB Canonical Pathway and Resistance of Dendritic Cells to Tumor-Associated Inhibition In Vitro
Authors: Jing Zhizi , Yuan Xin , Zhang Jing , Huang Xin , Zhang Zhiqian , Liu Jingyi , Zhang Miaomiao , Oyang Jiangbo , Zhang Yuan , Zhang Zhujun , Yang Rongcun 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Tumor-associated dendritic cells (DCs) often induce T cell anergy or deletion and regulatory T cells instead of antitumor immunity. Although many tumor-associated Ags have been found, there is still no effective vaccine for cancer. Thus, novel rational strategies to enhance the immunogenicity of cancer-specific Ags are needed. Chromosome 1 open reading frame 190 (c1orf190), a gene that encodes a 239-aa hypothetical protein and contains multiple kinase phosphorylation sites, has a wide relationship with multiple signaling pathway molecules and can be regulated by multiple factors, such as TLR ligands. In this study, we demonstrate that c1orf190 can activate NF-κB, drive the production of cytokines, and promote the Ag-presenting function and the priming ability of DCs. Furthermore, c1orf190 can promote resistance of DCs to tumor-associated inhibition not only in the Ag-presenting function but also in the priming ability to induce Ag-specific T lymphocytes. Thus, c1orf190, an NF-κB activator, may be a candidate gene for regulating the function of DCs to resist tumor-associated factor-mediated dysfunction. We also found that c1orf190-mediated cytokine release is achieved by activating the canonical but not the noncanonical NF-κB pathway.
Enrichment of Foxp3+ CD4 Regulatory T Cells in Migrated T Cells to IL-6– and IL-8–Expressing Tumors through Predominant Induction of CXCR1 by IL-6
Authors: Eikawa Shingo , Ohue Yoshihiro , Kitaoka Kenta , Aji Toshiki , Uenaka Akiko , Oka Mikio , Nakayama Eiichi 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAnalysis of cytokine and chemokine production by tumor cell lines including five lung cancers, a malignant mesothelioma, and a malignant melanoma recently established in our laboratory showed rather high production of IL-8 in all tumors and IL-6 in one lung cancer, the malignant mesothelioma, and the malignant melanoma. We investigated the migration of PBMCs to these tumor cells using Transwell plates and showed enrichment of Foxp3+ CD4 regulatory T cells (Tregs) in migrated T cells to both IL-6– and IL-8–producing tumors. Marked induction of CXCR1 expression on Foxp3+ CD4 Tregs by IL-6 followed by IL-8–mediated migration appeared to be responsible for enriched migration. Frequent production of IL-8 by the tumors and Treg migration to those tumors through induction of IL-8R expression by IL-6 is one of the mechanisms for tumor escape.
Gait modification strategies for altering medial knee joint load: A systematic review
Authors: Simic Milena , Hinman Rana S. , Wrigley Tim V. , Bennell Kim L. , Hunt Michael A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of gait modification strategies on the external knee adduction moment (KAM), a marker of medial knee joint load; determine potentially adverse effects; assess the methodologic quality; and identify areas of future research.MethodsFive electronic databases were searched. Studies evaluating the effects of gait modifications on the KAM in either healthy individuals or those with knee osteoarthritis (OA) were included. Methodologic quality was evaluated by 2 reviewers using the Downs and Black checklist.ResultsTwenty‐four studies met the inclusion criteria, exploring 14 different gait modifications of varying sample sizes, age groups, and OA classifications. Contralateral cane use, increased step width, medial knee thrust, increased hip internal rotation, weight transfer to the medial foot, and increased lateral trunk lean demonstrated KAM reductions. Tai Chi gait, ipsilateral cane use, Nordic walking poles, and increased knee flexion exhibited increases in the KAM, demonstrating a potential detriment to their use. The effects of reduced stride length, as well as increases and reductions in either toe‐out or gait speed, were inconsistent across the studies and gait cycle.ConclusionThis review demonstrates that some gait modifications have the ability to alter knee load. Future research is required to determine the magnitude of modification required to maximize beneficial effects, the best method of training, long‐term patient adherence, and if these biomechanical changes can translate into clinically relevant changes in symptoms or disease progression risk.
Changes in physical activity and health‐related quality of life during the first year after total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Brandes Mirko , Ringling Michael , Winter Corinna , Hillmann Axel , Rosenbaum Dieter 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjectiveDespite its impact on the overall outcome and health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) after knee surgery, physical activity has not been investigated directly using accelerometry or step monitoring during the first year after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) due to osteoarthritis (OA). Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the development of physical activity over 12 months after surgery and its relationship to clinical outcome and HRQOL.MethodsFifty‐three patients scheduled for primary TKA due to OA were measured with the DynaPort ADL monitor and a step activity monitor preoperatively and at 2, 6, and 12 months of followup. Clinical outcome and HRQOL were investigated using the American Knee Society Score (KSS) and Short Form 36 (SF‐36) health survey.ResultsPhysical activity increased significantly within 12 months of followup (from mean ± SD 4,993 ± 2,170 gait cycles preoperatively to 5,932 ± 2,111 gait cycles; P = 0.003). Clinical outcome and HRQOL improved from baseline (mean ± SD KSS 88.9 ± 21.4, mean ± SD SF‐36 43.1 ± 18.4) to 12 months of followup (mean ± SD KSS 188.6 ± 10.9; P = 0.001 and mean ± SD SF‐36 82.5 ± 15.9; P = 0.001). Physical activity parameters did not correlate with clinical outcome.ConclusionTKA offers profound improvements of physical activity for the majority of patients. Despite these improvements and the excellent clinical outcome, most patients do not reach the level of physical activity reported for healthy subjects. The activity level after treatment seems to be influenced by physical activity behavior prior to surgery rather than by the treatment itself.
Fuel Cells: Porous Platinum Nanotubes for Oxygen Reduction and Methanol Oxidation Reactions (Adv. Funct. Mater. 21/2010)
Authors: Alia Shaun M. , Zhang Gang , Kisailus David , Li Dongsheng , Gu Shuang , Jensen Kurt , Yan Yushan 
Published: October 2010

AbstractPorous platinum nanotubes (PtNTs) with a all thickness of 5 nm, an outer diameter of 60 nm, and a length of 5–20 μm are synthesized by galvanic displacement with silver nanowires, which are formed by the ethylene glycol reduction of silver nitrate. Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and durability experiments are conducted for PtNTs, Pt nanoparticles supported on carbon (Pt/C), and bulk polycrystalline Pt (BP‐Pt) electrocatalysts to evaluate their catalytic properties for use as cathode catalysts in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. PtNTs demonstrate improved mass and specific activity for ORR and durability to Pt/C. Following durability testing, PtNTs exhibit specific ORR activity approaching that of BP‐Pt. Catalyst activity for the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) is characterized through cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry techniques to evaluate the materials for use as anode catalysts in direct methanol fuel cells. The PtNTs show improved specific activity for MOR and chronoamperometry characteristics over Pt/C and BP‐Pt catalysts.
Selective Green Coupling of Alkynyltins and Allylic Halides to Trienynes via a Tandem Double Stille Reaction
Authors: Meana Isabel , Albéniz Ana C. , Espinet Pablo 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe palladium‐catalyzed reaction of alkynyltin compounds with allylic chlorides leads to a 2:2 coupling to give trienynes by regio‐ and stereoselective formation of three new CC bonds. The reaction can be applied to different alkynyl and allylic fragments, providing a wide range of trienynes with different substitution patterns in very good yields. They can be prepared in a green way using recyclable polymeric tin alkynyls.
Prognostic factors and jaw and renal complications among multiple myeloma patients treated with zoledronic acid
Authors: Berenson James R. , Yellin Ori , Crowley John , Makary Adel , Gravenor Donald S. , Yang Hank H. , Upadhyaya Gargi H. , Flinn Ian W. , Staszewski Harry , Tiffany Natasha M. , Sanani Shamel , Farber Charles M. , Morganstein Neil , Bolejack Vanessa , Nassir Youram , Hilger James D. , Sefaradi Ashkan , Shamouelian Albert , Swift Regina A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractFew studies have evaluated prognostic factors among patients with multiple myeloma (MM) since new therapies have become available. Monthly zoledronic acid (ZOL) has been incorporated into many treatment regimens to reduce skeletal‐related events (SREs), but outcomes among patients receiving this bisphosphonate have not been well‐defined. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine baseline and on‐treatment prognostic factors in these patients. Data were collected from the date of diagnosis on 300 consecutive MM patients treated with ZOL. Median duration of ZOL was 18 months (range 1–121 months). The skeletal morbidity rate was 0.116 events per patient year. Five‐year overall survival (OS) was 69%. Risk factors for shortened OS included SREs, increased serum creatinine, and International Staging System (ISS) Stage II or III. Thirty‐four (11%) patients showed worsening renal function. In 28 of these patients, ZOL was discontinued and restarted in half of these patients following a brief delay. Only 5 of the 34 patients showed worsening of their renal function. Fourteen patients (4.7%) developed osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ). All patients with ONJ are in remission or with stable disease except one patient who died of a myocardial infarction while in remission. Only two patients showed some worsening of ONJ despite of ongoing monthly ZOL. Overall, these results suggest that skeletal complications are an important prognostic factor for MM. Although ONJ and renal deterioration may infrequently occur with ZOL, most patients do not experience worsening of these conditions with ongoing treatment with this bisphosphonate. Am. J. Hematol., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Advances in understanding behavioral phenotypes in neurogenetic syndromes
Authors: Harris James C. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSyndrome‐specific behavior was proposed by Langdon Down in his first clinical descriptions. Research interest followed but waned during the eugenics era when antisocial behavior was attributed to people with intellectual disability (ID) and the US Supreme Court legalized involuntary sterilization. When these claims were refuted and behavioral treatments introduced, their focus on environmental determination minimized the importance of biological research. The modern era began with the recognition that patterned behavior, for example, self‐injury in Lesch–Nyhan syndrome and hyperphagia in PWS, was syndrome‐specific, and when parent support groups pointed out syndrome‐specific behavioral similarities in their children. Syndrome‐specific rating scales and methodologies followed to allow behavioral comparisons between syndromes. The focus initially was on specific behaviors but with refinements in neuropsychological tests has expanded to include neurocognitive profiles. Greater clarification in genetic diagnoses has led to mutant mouse behavioral models and neurophysiologic and neuroimaging strategies have made possible the study of brain circuits. There is growing interest in investigating the developmental trajectory of behaviors from infancy to adulthood and old age. Because anxiety, mood disturbance, repetitive behaviors, and social deficits commonly occur in people with severe ID, those affected are often given multiple psychiatric diagnoses. This has led to considerable confusion in the literature. It is critical to focus on specific behaviors and cognitive patterns in research and not confuse psychiatric symptoms that lack precise definitions and involve multiple genes, the so‐called psychiatric phenotype, with the more specific behavioral phenotype. New treatments based on knowledge of underlying neurobiology call for more fine‐grained definition of behavior. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.