bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound‐accelerated synthesis of some bis‐compounds and their biological evaluation
Authors: Dabholkar Vijay V. , Ansari Faisal Y. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
magnified imageA new series of bis‐1,5‐[2′H,3′H‐dihydro‐4′(substituted phenyl)‐1′,5′‐benzothiazipin‐2′‐oxy]‐3,3‐dimethyl‐1,4‐cyclohexadiene 3 and bis‐1,5‐[‐2′,3′,4′,5′‐teterahydro‐2′‐(substitutedphenyl)‐4′‐oxothiophen‐3′‐carboxylate]‐3,3‐dimethyl‐1,4‐cyclohexadiene 4 have been synthesized by reacting 1,3‐bis‐[substituted cinnamate]‐3,3‐dimethyl‐1,4‐cyclohexadiene 2 with 2‐aminothiophenol and thiogylcolic acid, respectively, through an environmentally benign procedure. The title compounds have been evaluated for their antimicrobial activities. Reaction under ultrasound irradiation resulted in enhancement of yields and reaction rates. Structures of the synthesized compounds have been elucidated on the basis of the elemental analysis and spectral data. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).
Adrenal hemangioma‐adenoma: An exceedingly rare adrenal collision tumor
Authors: Siddiqi Aheed J. , Miller Frank H. , Kasuganti Deepa , Nikolaidis Paul 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAdrenal collision tumors are rare clinical entities referring to separate coexisting adjacent tumors involving an adrenal gland with sharp demarcation between the two and without a substantial histologic admixture at the interface. We report a case of a 60‐year‐old female patient with an exceedingly rare adrenal hemangioma‐adenoma collision tumor. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a collision tumor comprising an adrenal hemangioma and an adenoma. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:949–952. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Globus pallidus magnetization transfer ratio, T1 and T2 in primary biliary cirrhosis: Relationship with disease stage and age
Authors: Hollingsworth Kieren G. , Jones David E. , Aribisala Benjamin S. , Thelwall Peter E. , Taylor Roy , Newton Julia L. , Blamire Andrew M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPurposeTo determine whether the magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) of the globus pallidus (GP) in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) correlates with age, disease stage, and fatigue, using T1 and T2 mapping to determine whether the mechanism of change is consistent with manganese deposition in the GP as suggested by previous reports.Materials and MethodsIn all, 30 early‐stage PBC patients, four end‐stage PBC patients, and 14 female controls were recruited to age‐matched groups. MTR, T1 and T2 measurements were performed. A bilateral region of interest (ROI)‐based analysis was used to calculate GP MTR, T1, and T2 values. These were correlated with age, disease status, and fatigue.ResultsMTR measurements showed a significant, negative correlation with age for controls and early‐stage PBC patients, a positive correlation with T2, and no correlation with T1. Only GP T2 is significantly lower in early‐stage PBC patients than controls, while end‐stage patients demonstrated a simultaneous reduction in T1 and MTR, consistent with GP manganese deposition.ConclusionMTR measurements correlate with age in both early‐stage patient and control groups, but are not associated with manganese deposition or fatigue severity: only the end‐stage disease group shows changes in MTR, T1, T2 that are consistent with manganese deposition. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:780–784. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sodium mapping in focal cerebral ischemia in the rat by quantitative 23Na MRI
Authors: Yushmanov Victor E. , Yanovski Boris , Kharlamov Alexander , LaVerde George , Boada Fernando E. , Jones Stephen C. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPurposeTo validate 23Na twisted projection magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a quantitative technique to assess local brain sodium concentration ([Na+]br) during rat focal ischemia every 5.3 minutes.Materials and MethodsThe MRI protocol included an ultrashort echo‐time (0.4 msec), a correction of radiofrequency (RF) inhomogeneities by B1 mapping, and the use of 0–154 mM NaCl calibration standards. To compare MRI [Na+]br values with those obtained by emission flame photometry in precision‐punched brain samples of about 0.5 mm3 size, MR images were aligned with a histological three‐dimensional reconstruction of the punched brain and regions of interest (ROIs) were placed precisely over the punch voids.ResultsThe Bland–Altman analysis of [Na+]br in normal and ischemic cortex and caudate putamen of seven rats quantitated by 23Na MRI and flame photometry yielded a mean bias and limits of agreement (at ±1.96 SD) of 2% and 43% of average, respectively. A linear increase in [Na+]br was observed between 1 and 6 hours after middle cerebral artery occlusion.Conclusion23Na MRI provides accurate and reliable results within the whole range of [Na+]br in ischemia with a temporal resolution of 5.3 minutes and precisely targeted submicroliter ROIs in selected brain structures. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:962–966. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical correlations of brain lesion distribution in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Vellinga M.M. , Geurts J.J.G. , Rostrup E. , Uitdehaag B.M.J. , Polman C.H. , Barkhof F. , Vrenken H. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPurposeTo explore relations between spatial distribution of multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions, and disability. In MS, the presence of asymptomatic brain lesions challenges the prediction of disability based on conventional brain MRI. Hypothesizing that symptomatology may partly be determined by lesion location, this retrospective study explored relations between lesion location and disability using voxelwise analyses in standard space.Materials and MethodsUsing nonparametric permutation‐based statistics, voxelwise lesion probability on T2 lesion masks was related to expanded disability status scale (EDSS) and MS functional composite (MSFC) subdomain scores and demographic characteristics of 325 MS patients. To identify statistically significant locations, a cluster‐forming threshold of 3.1 was used.ResultsIn clusters in the periventricular region, lesion probability correlated significantly (P < 0.001) with disability and disease duration, and was higher in progressive than in relapsing disease. When controlled for lesion load (LL), no significant clusters survived. Presence and number of spinal cord lesions did not correlate with lesion probability in any location, and did not influence correlations with disability when included in its analyses.ConclusionPeriventricular lesions were related to disability. LL influenced relations between disability and lesion probability throughout the brain, suggesting interplay between lesional burden and its location in determining disability in MS. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:768–773. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Removing background phase variations in susceptibility‐weighted imaging using a fast, forward‐field calculation
Authors: Neelavalli Jaladhar , Cheng Yu‐Chung N. , Jiang Jing , Haacke E. Mark 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPurposeTo estimate magnetic field variations induced from air–tissue interface geometry and remove their effects from susceptibility‐weighted imaging (SWI) data.Materials and MethodsA Fourier transform–based field estimation method is used to calculate the field deviation arising from air–tissue interface geometry. This is accomplished by manually drawing or automatically detecting the sinuses, the mastoid cavity, and the head geometry. The difference in susceptibility, Δχ, between brain tissue and air spaces is then calculated using a residual‐phase minimization approach. SWI data are corrected by subtracting the predicted phase from the original phase images. Resultant phase images are then used to perform the SWI postprocessing.ResultsSignificant improvement in the postprocessed SWI data is demonstrated, most notably in the frontal and midbrain regions and to a lesser extent at the boundary of the brain. Specifically, there is much less dropout of signal after phase correction near air–tissue interfaces, making it possible to see vessels and structures that were often incorrectly removed by the conventional SWI postprocessing.ConclusionThe Fourier transform–based field estimation method is a powerful 3D background phase removal method for improving SWI images, providing clearer images of the forebrain and the midbrain regions. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:937–948. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of dynamic MRI at 3.0T and MDCT of pancreatobiliary disease: Evaluation with source, MPR, CPR, and MIP images for image quality and hepatic arterial and portal venous vessel conspicuity
Authors: Uchida Masafumi , Sakoda Jun , Arikawa Shunji , Kunou Yukiko , Ishibashi Masatoshi , Abe Toshi , Hayabuchi Naofumi 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPurposeTo compare contrast material‐enhanced three‐dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 3.0T and multidetector row computed tomography (MDCT) in the same patient with regard to image quality of pancreatobiliary disease and hepatic vascular conspicuity.Materials and MethodsThis study enrolled 32 patients with pancreatobiliary disease who underwent both gadolinium‐enhanced 3D dynamic MRI and multiphasic CT using 16‐MDCT. Data analysis of image quality was performed by two radiologists based on source images, multiplanar reconstruction (MPR), curved planar reconstruction (CPR), and maximum intensity projection (MIP) reconstruction. Determination of image quality was based on a 4‐point image quality rating scale.ResultsThe overall image quality of the MRI axial images was superior to that of the axial MDCT images. The MRI protocol yielded an average score of 3.8 points versus 3.5 for the CT imaging. No significant difference was found between 3.0T MRI and MDCT images in MPR or CPR image quality. Image quality for visualization of the distal intrahepatic segmental arteries was significantly improved using MDCT imaging. No significant difference was found between the MDCT and 3.0T MR in portal vein branch image quality.ConclusionHigh‐resolution dynamic contrast‐enhanced MR imaging at 3.0T is a comprehensive technique which provides high image quality in pancreatobiliary disease. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:846–852. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Accelerated phase‐contrast MR imaging: Comparison of k‐t BLAST with SENSE and doppler ultrasound for velocity and flow measurements in the aorta
Authors: Stadlbauer Andreas , van der Riet Wilma , Globits Sebastian , Crelier Gerard , Salomonowitz Erich 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate differences in velocity and flow measurements in the aorta between accelerated phase‐contrast (PC) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using SENSE and k‐t BLAST and in peak velocity to Doppler ultrasound.Materials and MethodsTwo‐dimensional PC‐MRI perpendicular to the ascending and descending aorta was performed in 11 volunteers using SENSE (R = 2) and k‐t BLAST (2‐, 4‐, 6‐, and 8‐fold). Peak velocity, mean velocity, and stroke volume of the accelerated PC‐MRI experiments were correlated. Peak velocities were compared to Doppler ultrasound.ResultsAll acceleration techniques showed significant correlations for peak velocity with Doppler ultrasound. However, k‐t BLAST 6 and 8 showed a significant underestimation. Strong correlations between SENSE and k‐t BLAST were found for all three parameters. Significant differences in peak velocity were found between SENSE and all k‐t BLAST experiments, but not for 2‐fold k‐t BLAST in the ascending aorta, and 2‐ and 4‐fold k‐t BLAST in the descending aorta. For mean velocity no significant differences were found. Stroke volume showed significant differences for all k‐t BLAST experiments in the ascending and for 6‐ and 8‐fold k‐t BLAST in the descending aorta.ConclusionPeak velocity of accelerated PC‐MRI correlated with CW Doppler measurements, but high k‐t BLAST acceleration factors lead to a significant underestimation. SENSE with R = 2 and 2‐fold k‐t BLAST are most highly correlated in phase‐contrast flow measurements. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:817–824. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessment of iron distribution between liver, spleen, pancreas, bone marrow, and myocardium by means of R2 relaxometry with MRI in patients with β‐thalassemia major
Authors: Papakonstantinou Olympia , Alexopoulou Efthymia , Economopoulos Nikos , Benekos Odysseas , Kattamis Antonis , Kostaridou Stavroula , Ladis Vasilis , Efstathopoulos Efstathios , Gouliamos Athanassios , Kelekis Nikolaos L. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the correlation between the degree of hepatic, splenic, pancreatic, vertebral bone marrow (VBM), and myocardial siderosis, as expressed by relaxation rate (R2 = 1/T2) values, in patients with thalassemia.Materials and MethodsR2 relaxation rate values of liver, spleen, VBM, pancreas, and myocardium were estimated in 68 consecutive transfusion‐dependent patients with β‐thalassemia major and 10 healthy controls using a respiratory triggered 16‐echo Carr‐Purcell‐Meiboom‐Gill (CPMG) spin echo sequence.ResultsHepatic R2 values were significantly increased in all 68 patients; VBM, pancreatic, and myocardial R2 values were increased in 67/68, 35/47, and 47/61 patients, whereas five patients showed decreased pancreatic R2 attributed to fatty degeneration. Of the 39 nonsplenectomized patients, splenic R2 values were decreased in 30 and normal in nine patients. Hepatic R2 values correlated with splenic (r = 0.63, P < 0.001), VBM (r = 0.52, P < 0.001), but not with myocardial and pancreatic R2 values.ConclusionDespite positive correlations between the degree of hepatic, splenic, and VBM siderosis, as expressed by respective R2 values, there was variability of iron distribution patterns in thalassemic patients. Unpredictable patterns of iron distribution may be seen, such as normal signal of the spleen in the presence of siderotic liver, resembling primary hemochromatosis. Fatty degeneration of the pancreas was not uncommon. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:853–859. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Magnetic resonance imaging and three‐dimensional ultrasound of carotid atherosclerosis: Mapping regional differences
Authors: Krasinski Adam , Chiu Bernard , Fenster Aaron , Parraga Grace 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate differences in carotid atherosclerosis measured using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and three‐dimensional ultrasound (3DUS).Materials and MethodsTen subject volunteers underwent carotid 3DUS and MRI (multislice black blood fast spin echo, T1‐weighted contrast, double inversion recovery, 0.5 mm in‐plane resolution, 2 mm slice, 3.0 T) within 1 hour. 3DUS and MR images were manually segmented by two observers providing vessel wall and lumen contours for quantification of vessel wall volume (VWV) and generation of carotid thickness maps.ResultsMRI VWV (1040 ± 210 mm3) and 3DUS VWV (540 ± 110 mm3) were significantly different (P < 0.0001). When normalized for the estimated adventitia volume, mean MRI VWV decreased 240 ± 50 mm3 and was significantly different from 3DUS VWV (P < 0.001). Two‐dimensional carotid maps showed qualitative evidence of regional differences in the plaque and vessel wall thickness between MR and 3DUS in all subjects. Power Doppler US confirmed that heterogeneity in the common carotid artery in all patients resulted from apparent flow disturbances, not atherosclerotic plaque.ConclusionMRI and 3DUS VWV were significantly different and carotid maps showed homogeneous thickness differences and heterogeneity in specific regions of interest identified as MR flow artifacts in the common carotid artery. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:901–908. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
fMRI activation mapping as a percentage of local excitation: Consistent presurgical motor maps without threshold adjustment
Authors: Voyvodic James T. , Petrella Jeffrey R. , Friedman Allan H. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the performance of a relative activation amplitude algorithm, versus standard t‐value thresholding, for reliably establishing the location, amplitude, and spatial extent of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) brain activation for presurgical planning.Materials and MethodsDiagnostic fMRI maps from 42 neurosurgical patients performing a simple hand movement task were analyzed. Relative activation maps were made by normalizing statistical t‐value maps to the local peak activation amplitude within each functional brain region. The spatial distribution of activation was quantified and compared across mapping algorithms, subjects, and scan duration.ResultsWhereas the spatial distribution of blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) t‐value statistical activation maps was highly variable across subjects and scan duration, the spatial distribution of relative activation maps was highly reproducible both within individual subjects and across different subjects. In every case the 40% most active voxels in the cortical hand region were consistently localized to the pre‐ and postcentral gyri of the sensorimotor cortex.ConclusionThe reproducibility and anatomical specificity of the spatiotemporal pattern of BOLD activation makes relative amplitude fMRI mapping a useful tool for clinical imaging, where accuracy, reproducibility, and quality control are critical concerns. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:751–759. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Free‐breathing diffusion‐weighted imaging for the assessment of inflammatory activity in Crohn's disease
Authors: Kiryu Shigeru , Dodanuki Keiichi , Takao Hidemasa , Watanabe Makoto , Inoue Yusuke , Takazoe Masakazu , Sahara Rikisaburo , Unuma Kiyohito , Ohtomo Kuni 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the application of free‐breathing diffusion‐weighted MR imaging (DWI) to the assessment of disease activity in Crohn's disease.Materials and MethodsThirty‐one patients with Crohn's disease were investigated using free‐breathing DWI without special patient preparation or IV or intraluminal contrast agent. The bowel was divided into seven segments, and disease activity was assessed visually on DWI. For quantitative analysis, the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was measured in each segment. The findings of a conventional barium study or surgery were regarded as the gold standard for evaluating the diagnostic ability of DWI to assess disease activity.ResultsUpon visual assessment, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for the detection of disease‐active segments were 86.0, 81.4, and 82.4%, respectively. In the quantitative assessment, the ADC value in the disease‐active area was lower than that in disease‐inactive area in small and large bowels (1.61 ± 0.44×10−3 mm2/s versus 2.56 ± 0.51 × 10−3 mm2/s in small bowel and 1.52 ± 0.43 × 10−3 mm2/s versus 2.31 ± 0.59 × 10−3 mm2/s in large bowel, respectively, P<0.001).ConclusionFree‐breathing DWI is useful in the assessment of Crohn's disease. The accuracy of DWI is high in evaluating disease activity, especially in the small bowel, and the ADC may facilitate quantitative analysis of disease activity. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:880–886. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
1H and hyperpolarized 3He MR imaging of mouse with LPS‐induced inflammation
Authors: Olsson Lars E. , Smailagic Amir , Önnervik Per‐Ola , Hockings Paul D. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in mouse with 1H and hyperpolarized (HP) 3He MR imaging.Materials and MethodsAxial slices of the lung volume were acquired with HP 3He and 1H MRI at 4, 24, and 48 h after LPS exposure. A quantitative ventilation index was calculated from two HP 3He acquisitions. A bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) for a cell count was performed following magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).ResultsThe LPS exposure resulted in a significant increase of cells in BAL, with maximum at 48 h. Lesions on 3He images were characterized by ventilation defects, whereas lesions on 1H images were hyperintense and were attributed to edema. The number of lesions was at maximum at 48 h. At this time point, and for both 3He and 1H MRI, the volume of the lesions was significantly higher for LPS‐exposed mice compared to controls. At 4, 24, and 48 h the ventilation index from the 3He data was significantly smaller for the LPS‐exposed animals compared to controls.ConclusionThe time point 48 h after LPS exposure was advantageous for MRI evaluation. Functional read‐out with 3He MRI seems to be more sensitive than conventional 1H MRI. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:977–981. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
NMR properties of human median nerve at 3 T: Proton density, T1, T2, and magnetization transfer
Authors: Gambarota Giulio , Mekle Ralf , Mlynárik Vladimír , Krueger Gunnar 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPurposeTo measure the proton density (PD), the T1 and T2 relaxation time, and magnetization transfer (MT) effects in human median nerve at 3 T and to compare them with the corresponding values in muscle.Materials and MethodsMeasurements of the T1 and T2 relaxation time were performed with an inversion recovery and a Carr‐Purcell‐Meiboom‐Gill (CPMG) imaging sequence, respectively. The MT ratio was measured by acquiring two sets of 3D spoiled gradient‐echo images, with and without a Gaussian saturation pulse.ResultsThe median nerve T1 was 1410 ± 70 msec. The T2 decay consisted of two components, with average T2 values of 26 ± 2 msec and 96 ± 3 msec and normalized amplitudes of 78 ± 4% and 22 ± 4%, respectively. The dominant component is likely to reflect myelin water and connective tissue, and the less abundant component originates possibly from intra‐axonal water protons. The value of proton density of MRI‐visible protons in median nerve was 81 ± 3% that of muscle. The MT ratio in median nerve (40.3 ± 2.0%) was smaller than in muscle (45.4 ± 0.5%).ConclusionMRI‐relevant properties, such as PD, T1 and T2 relaxation time, and MT ratio were measured in human median nerve at 3 T and were in many respects similar to those of muscle. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:982–986. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Change leadership: case study of a global energy company
Authors: Higgs Malcolm , Rowland Deborah 
Published: March 2009

AbstractOrganizations operating on a global basis have wrestled with the dilemma of achieving a balance between global standardization and local differentiation. Similar dilemmas arise from a review of the literature around the challenges of implementing change successfully. There is, however, agreement that leaders play a significant role in resolving these dilemmas in the process of implementing strategic change within global organizations.This paper explores the literature on global organizations and change leadership. Building from this review, the paper presents the findings from a case study which explores the implementation of a global strategy within a large energy corporation.Based on a review of nine interviews, internal communication documents, and employee attitude survey data we found that change approaches which recognize the complexity of change combined with an involving and engaging leadership style tend to result in successful change implementation. In addition, the balancing of the global/local dilemma by leaders contributed notably to change success.We conclude with suggestions for further research and a brief discussion of the implications of the findings for the development of leaders capable of working effectively in a global organization.Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.