bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Layer‐by‐Layer Deposition of a Polycationic Bottlebrush Polymer with Hyaluronic Acid Reveals Unusual Assembly Mechanism and Selective Effect on Cell Adhesion and Fate
Authors: Wang Chang‐Sheng , Pham Duy Anh , Zhang Hu , Rabanel Jean‐Michel , Hassanpour Nahid , Banquy Xavier 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study provides a detailed molecular mechanism of the layer‐by‐layer (LbL) film formation process involving BB polymers. The roles of adsorbed and non‐adsorbed chain segments during the layer buildup are revealed by employing surface force apparatus (SFA) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) to probe critical aspects such as surface coverage, polymer conformation at the surface, adhesive properties, and morphology after each layer deposition. The results show that the thickness, nanomechanical properties, and surface chemistry of the nanofilms are significantly influenced by the number of layers. All these cues have an important impact on cell behavior when employed as coatings for culture substrates. The evidence is shown that cells respond very differently to these cues and exhibit behavior that goes from superproliferation down to accelerated death.
BCN‐Supported CoFe Alloy Catalysts for Enhanced C─C Coupling in Photothermocatalytic CO Hydrogenation
Authors: Hao Quanguo , Li Zhenhua , Zhu Yuhua , Shi Yiqiu , Huo Mengge , Yuan Hong , Ouyang Shuxin , Zhang Tierui 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe high selectivity of C─C coupling reactions in Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) is often limited due to the difficulty in the regulation of transition metals acting as active sites to balance between C─C chain propagation and over hydrogenation. Herein, BCN‐supported CoFe alloy catalyst has been successfully constructed for promoting C─C chain propagation. When exposed to light irradiation, the CoFe‐BCN catalyst exhibits a higher CO conversion of 18.4% with the enhanced selectivity toward multi‐carbon (C2+) hydrocarbons that increases from 22.4% to 64.1%, and the reduced over hydrogenation to CH4 that decreases from 74.8% to 25.4% in contrast to Co‐BCN catalyst. Structural characterizations indicate that introducing Fe to create CoFe alloy can decrease the d‐band center of Co, which significantly promotes C─C coupling reactions but weakens hydrogenation in FTS process. The findings underscore the potential of modifying catalysts with metal atoms to optimize their electronic structure to regulate reaction pathways in CO hydrogenation for high‐value products formation.
Freestanding Scattering Polarizer Assembled with Subnanowires and Liquid Crystals
Authors: Zhang Simin , Li Jiangxiao , Shi Wenxiong , Zhang Jiatao , Wang Xun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractConventional absorbing, reflective and scattering polarizers are facing various issues, such as severe optical loss, necessary oblique incidence, humidity sensitivity or aging‐caused failure. Subnanowires (SNWs) with polymer‐analogue properties, intrinsic order, and multi‐level interactions attract widespread attention as superior candidates for building blocks of polarizers. Herein, freestanding and flexible liquid crystal (LC)‐SNW films are prepared through a facile directional coating method, not only exhibiting good stability for water and repeated temperature fluctuations, but also showing good polarization performance for visible and near‐infrared (NIR) light, with the polarization degree (P) values of 93%, 84%, and 63% at the wavelengths of 580, 780 and 960 nm. And the average haze achieves 85%. The LC‐SNW films have great potential in applications for polarizers, holographic projection imaging and flexible optical devices.
Injectable Liposome‐Loaded Hydrogel Formulations with Controlled Release of Curcumin and α‐Tocopherol for Dental Tissue Engineering
Authors: Atila Deniz , Dalgic Ali Deniz , Krzemińska Agnieszka , Pietrasik Joanna , Gendaszewska‐Darmach Edyta , Bociaga Dorota , Lipinska Magdalena , Laoutid Fouad , Passion Julie , Kumaravel Vignesh 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAn injectable hydrogel formulation is developed utilizing low‐ and high‐molecular‐weight chitosan (LCH and HCH) incorporated with curcumin and α‐tocopherol‐loaded liposomes (Lip/Cur+Toc). Cur and Toc releases are delayed within the hydrogels. The injectability of hydrogels is proved via rheological analyses. In vitro studies are conducted using human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) to examine the biological performance of the hydrogels toward endodontics and periodontics, respectively. The viability of hDPSCs treated with the hydrogels with Lip/Cur+Toc is the highest till day 14, compared to the neat hydrogels. During odontogenic differentiation tests, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzyme activity of hDPSCs is induced in the Cur‐containing groups. Biomineralization is enhanced mostly with Lip/Cur+Toc incorporation. The viability of hGFs is the highest in HCH combined with Lip/Cur+Toc while wound healing occurs almost 100% in both (Lip/Cur+Toc@LCH and Lip/Cur+Toc@HCH) after 2 days. Antioxidant activity of Lip/Cur+Toc@LCH on hGFs is significantly the highest among the groups. Antimicrobial tests demonstrate that Lip/Cur+Toc@LCH is more effective against Escherichia coli whereas so is Lip/Cur+Toc@HCH against Staphylococcus aureus. The antimicrobial mechanism of the hydrogels is investigated for the first time through various computational models. LCH and HCH loaded with Lip/Cur+Toc are promising candidates with multi‐functional features for endodontics and periodontics.
Self‐Healing Materials for Bioelectronic Devices
Authors: Liu Claire , Kelley Shana O. , Wang Zongjie 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThough the history of self‐healing materials stretches far back to the mid‐20th century, it is only in recent years where such unique classes of materials have begun to find use in bioelectronics—itself a burgeoning area of research. Inspired by the natural ability of biological tissue to self‐repair, self‐healing materials play a multifaceted role in the context of soft, wireless bioelectronic systems, in that they can not only serve as a protective outer shell or substrate for the internal electronic circuitry—analogous to the mechanical barrier that skin provides for the human body—but also, and most importantly, act as an active sensing safeguard against mechanical damage to preserve device functionality and enhance overall durability. This perspective presents the historical overview, general design principles, recent developments, and future outlook of self‐healing materials for bioelectronic devices, which integrates topics in many research disciplines—from materials science and chemistry to electronics and bioengineering—together.
Photochromic Carbon Nanomaterials: An Emerging Class of Light‐Driven Hybrid Functional Materials
Authors: Hassan Fathy , Tang Yuqi , Bisoyi Hari Krishna , Li Quan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPhotochromic molecules have remarkable potential in memory and optical devices, as well as in driving and manipulating molecular motors or actuators and many other systems using light. When photochromic molecules are introduced into carbon nanomaterials (CNMs), the resulting hybrids provide unique advantages and create new functions that can be employed in specific applications and devices. This review highlights the recent developments in diverse photochromic CNMs. Photochromic molecules and CNMs are also introduced. The fundamentals of different photochromic CNMs are discussed, including design principles and the types of interactions between CNMs and photochromic molecules via covalent interactions and non‐covalent bonding such as π−π stacking, amphiphilic, electrostatic, and hydrogen bonding. Then the properties of photochromic CNMs, e.g., in photopatterning, fluorescence modulation, actuation, and photoinduced surface‐relief gratings, and their applications in energy storage (solar thermal fuels, photothermal batteries, and supercapacitors), nanoelectronics (transistors, molecular junctions, photo‐switchable conductance, and photoinduced electron transfer), sensors, and bioimaging are highlighted. Finally, an outlook on the challenges and opportunities in the future of photochromic CNMs is presented. This review discusses a vibrant interdisciplinary research field and is expected to stimulate further developments in nanoscience, advanced nanotechnology, intelligently responsive materials, and devices.
Immunoregulatory Engineering of Semiconducting Charge‐Reversal Nanoantioxidant for Ameliorating Cancer Radioimmunotheranostics
Authors: Ma Wen , Luo Haifen , Lv Jingqi , Wen Peiye , Liu Gang , Yu Zhiqiang , Yang Zhen , Huang Wei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRadiotherapy (RT) is a crucial clinical modality for cancer. However, nonselectivity, toxicity to normal tissues, and radio‐resistance severely limit RT applications. This study develops a versatile X‐ray theranostic nano‐antioxidant (XTN) to prevent normal tissues from oxidative damage and induce systematic and robust anticancer immunity. XTN owns NIR‐II photoacoustic (PA) imaging properties for precise discrimination of the tumor margin through, thereby improving the accuracy of RT. Additionally, XTN is a nano‐antioxidant to enhance the cell viability of normal cells after irradiation. Most importantly, XTN scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the TME to preserve the stimulatory activity of released high mobility group protein B1 to dendritic cells (DCs) and recover T cells’ immune function. Meanwhile, XTN achieves charge‐reversal specifically releasing an immunomodulator (demethylcantharidin, DMC) in the acidic TME. Moreover, the specifically released DMC inhibits protein phosphatase‐2A activity and reduces regulatory T cell (Treg) differentiation. In the bilateral 4T1 tumor model, XTN‐mediated radioimmunotherapy remarkably boosts a systemic antitumor immune response and induces durable immunological memory against tumor growth.
Toward Durable CO2 Electroreduction with Cu‐Based Catalysts via Understanding Their Deactivation Modes
Authors: Wu Hsiwen , Yu Haoming , Chow Yuen‐Leong , Webley Paul A. , Zhang Jie 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe technology of CO2 electrochemical reduction (CO2ER) provides a means to convert CO2, a waste greenhouse gas, into value‐added chemicals. Copper is the most studied element that is capable of catalyzing CO2ER to obtain multicarbon products, such as ethylene, ethanol, acetate, etc., at an appreciable rate. Under the operating condition of CO2ER, the catalytic performance of Cu decays because of several factors that alters the surface properties of Cu. In this review, these factors that cause the degradation of Cu‐based CO2ER catalysts are categorized into generalized deactivation modes, that are applicable to all electrocatalytic systems. The fundamental principles of each deactivation mode and the associated effects of each on Cu‐based catalysts are discussed in detail. Structure‐ and composition‐activity relationship developed from recent in situ/operando characterization studies are presented as evidence of related deactivation modes in operation. With the aim to address these deactivation modes, catalyst design and reaction environment engineering rationales are suggested. Finally, perspectives and remarks built upon the recent advances in CO2ER are provided in attempts to improve the durability of CO2ER catalysts.
Effect of Red Emissive Ligand Number on Dendronized Solution‐Processable Iridium(III) Complexes for Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Koodalingam Manikandan , Jang Junhyuk , Ranasinghe Chandana Sampath Kumara , Gao Mile , Burn Paul L. , Kistemaker Jos C. M. , Puttock Emma V. , Shaw Paul E. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTris‐bidentate iridium(III) complexes used in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) are typically homoleptic or heteroleptic with three or two identical emissive ligands, respectively. Herein red phosphorescence emitting dendrimers composed of first generation biphenyl dendrons, 2‐ethylhexyloxy surface groups and an iridium(III) complex core with three, two or one emissive [4‐phenyl]−2‐[thiophen‐2‐yl]quinoline ligands are reported. The dendrimers have similar photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) in solution (84–88%), neat film (23–25%) and when blended with tris(4‐carbazoyl‐9‐ylphenyl)amine (72–73%), enabling the effect of the number of emissive ligands on OLED performance to be determined. The external quantum efficiency (EQE) of OLEDs composed of neat dendrimer films increased with decreasing number of emissive ligands, with the device composed of the dendrimer having a single emissive ligand having an EQE of 9.2%, which is almost double that expected from a bottom emitting device and a film PLQY of 25 ± 3.6%. The emission is Lambertian and the higher‐than‐expected EQE is ascribed to alignment of the single emissive ligand being optimal for light‐outcoupling. The EQE of OLEDs containing the blend film also increased with decreasing emissive number of ligands (maximum EQE = 15.4%).
Single‐Atom Long‐Range Interaction: Basic Principles and Applications
Authors: Hu Yifan , Dai Liangli , Li Bolin , Li Zesheng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSingle‐atom catalysis involves loading the active metal onto the carrier's surface as a single‐atom. This atom is primarily bonded to the carrier surface through hetero‐atom bonding. It is important to note that the coordination environment of the metal atoms may not be the same when each dispersed active metal atom has an identical coordination environment on the carrier's surface. The utilization of single‐atom catalysts (SACs) doesn't strictly imply that a solitary metal atom with zero valency functions as the active core. Singular atoms can also engage in distant interactions with other atoms or clusters of atoms on the substrate, like electron transfer, and frequently demonstrate specific charges. The main reason for the high activity of the catalyst is the remote (i.e., long‐range) interaction of the active atom with the surrounding coordination atoms. For this reason, the study of the mechanism of long‐range interactions between multiple single‐atom sites and between single‐atom sites and atomic cluster sites has become an important and urgent task in the design and regulation of single‐atom catalyst performance.
Generation and Characterization of Novel Pan‐Cancer Anti‐uPAR Fluorescent Nanobodies as Tools for Image‐Guided Surgery
Authors: Mateusiak Łukasz , Floru Sam , De Groof Timo W. M. , Wouters Janne , Declerck Noemi B. , Debie Pieterjan , Janssen Simone , Zeven Katty , Puttemans Janik , Vincke Cécile , Breckpot Karine , Devoogdt Nick , Hernot Sophie 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFluorescence molecular imaging plays a vital role in image‐guided surgery. In this context, the urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) is an interesting biomarker enabling the detection and delineation of various tumor types due to its elevated expression on both tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment. In this study, anti‐uPAR Nanobodies (Nbs) are generated through llama immunization with human and murine uPAR protein. Extensive in vitro characterization and in vivo testing with radiolabeled variants are conducted to assess their pharmacokinetics and select lead compounds. Subsequently, the selected Nbs are converted into fluorescent agents, and their application for fluorescence‐guided surgery is evaluated in various subcutaneous and orthotopic tumor models. The study yields a panel of high‐affinity anti‐uPAR Nbs, showing specific binding across multiple types of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Lead fluorescently‐labeled compounds exhibit high tumor uptake with high contrast at 1 h after intravenous injection across all assessed uPAR‐expressing tumor models, outperforming a non‐targeting control Nb. Additionally, rapid and accurate tumor localization and demarcation are demonstrated in an orthotopic human glioma model. Utilizing these Nbs can potentially enhance the precision of surgical tumor resection and, consequently, improve survival rates in the clinic.
GhMPK9‐GhRAF39_1‐GhWRKY40a Regulates the GhERF1b‐ and GhABF2‐Mediated Pathways to Increase Cotton Disease Resistance
Authors: Mi Xinyue , Li Weixi , Chen Chuan , Xu Huijuan , Wang Guilin , Jin Xuanxiang , Zhang Dayong , Guo Wangzhen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is the center of plant signal transduction system that amplify immune signals into cellular responses by phosphorylating diverse substrates. The MAPK cascade consisting of MAPK kinase kinases (MAPKKKs), MAPK kinases (MAPKKs), and MAPKs is well characterized in plants, in which Raf‐like kinases are generally regarded as MAPKKKs. However, it is rarely reported that Raf‐like MAPKKKs function as middle regulators to link MAPK and its downstream transcription factors in plant immunity. Verticillium wilt, caused by the soil‐borne vascular fungus Verticillium dahliae, is a serious disease in many plants, including cotton. The previous studies showed that GhMPK9 (a MAPK) is involved in the response to Verticillium wilt. Here, the Raf‐like kinase GhRAF39_1 is reported as helper regulates the phosphorylation of WRKY transcription factor GhWRKY40a by GhMPK9. The phosphorylated GhWRKY40a can further activate the transcription of GhERF1b to up‐regulate defense‐related genes while inhibit the transcription of GhABF2 to regulate the stomatal opening, thus improving the resistance to Verticillium wilt in cotton. This study reveals a new signaling module of GhMPK9‐GhRAF39_1‐GhWRKY40a to regulate GhERF1b‐ and GhABF2‐mediated defense responses, which triggers plant defense against Verticillium wilt.
Unveiling the Structure and Diffusion Kinetics at the Composite Electrolyte Interface in Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Zhang Xueyan , Cheng Shichao , Fu Chuankai , Yin Geping , Zuo Pengjian , Wang Liguang , Huo Hua 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe “interface” between polymer and oxide within the polymer‐oxide composite electrolytes is widely acknowledged as a crucial factor influencing ionic conduction. However, a fundamental understanding of the precise composition and/or micro‐structure, and the ionic conduction mechanism at the complex interface has remained elusive, primarily due to a dearth of compelling experimental evidence. In this study, the intricate correlation between morphology and composition in composite electrolytes is discerned by leveraging advanced 1D and 2D exchange nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1D and 2D EXSY NMR) techniques. Notably, this research represents the inaugural elucidation of the microstructure of the interface. The findings underscore the pivotal role of the preparation conditions for polymer‐oxide composite electrolytes, particularly the solvent selection, in determining the formation of the interface structure. Direct insights into the lithium‐deficient surface of Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO) are provided and elucidate the timescales of Li‐ion exchange processes among various components. Furthermore, a comprehensive investigation into the roles of individual components within the composite electrolyte on the Li‐ion conduction mechanism is conducted through the 6Li→7Li isotope tracer technique as a function of current density.
Can step count be used to identify older adults with high sedentary time and low moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity?
Authors: Costa Eduardo Caldas , Freire Yuri A. , Ritti‐Dias Raphael M. , de Lucena Alves Charles P. , Cabral Ludmila L. P. , Barreira Tiago V. , Waters Debra L. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionCombined high sedentary time (ST) and low moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) has been associated with adverse cardiovascular events. However, accurately assessing ST and MVPA in older adults is challenging in clinical practice.PurposeTo investigate whether step count can identify older adults with unhealthier movement behavior (high ST/low MVPA) and poorer cardiometabolic profile.MethodsCross‐sectional study (n = 258; 66 ± 5 years). Step count, ST, and MVPA were assessed by hip accelerometry during 7 days. The cardiometabolic profile was assessed using a continuous metabolic syndrome score (cMetS), including blood pressure, HDL‐cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting glucose, and waist circumference. Receiving operating curve analysis was used to test the performance of step count in identifying older adults with unhealthier movement behavior (highest tertile of ST/lowest tertile of MVPA). Healthier movement behavior was defined as lowest tertile of ST/highest tertile of MVPA, with neutral representing the remaining combinations of ST/MVPA.ResultsA total of 40 participants (15.5%) were identified with unhealthier movement behavior (ST ≥ 11.4 h/day and MVPA ≤ 10 min/day). They spent ~73% and 0.4% of waking hours in ST and MVPA, respectively. Step count identified those with unhealthier movement behavior (area under the curve 0.892, 0.850–0.934; cutoff: ≤5263 steps/day; sensitivity/specificity: 83%/81%). This group showed a higher cMetS compared with neutral (β = .25, p = .028) and healthier movement behavior groups (β = .41, p = .008).ConclusionDaily step count appears to be a practical, simple metric for identifying community‐dwelling older adults with concomitant high ST and low MVPA, indicative of unhealthier movement behavior, who have a poorer cardiometabolic profile.
Two scale‐down tools for the optimization of perfusion bioreactors for the manufacture of biopharmaceuticals
Authors: Lucas Ciara , Blackman Martin , Rayat Andrea , Mainwaring David , Micheletti Martina 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAs the occurrences of cancer rise and the requirement for biotherapeutics increases, there is a growing demand for cost‐efficient methods to manufacture mammalian cell‐based biopharmaceuticals. Currently, the most cost‐efficient manufacturing solution is the cultivation of cells in perfusion mode. Perfusion allows for high cell densities of up to 200 million viable cells per mL (MVC mL−1) to be achieved, resulting in an increase in yield and volumetric productivity, which is the production of product per unit volume and time. However, culturing in perfusion mode requires large volumes of media, which is a significant expense in process development. Therefore, methods that allow rapid optimization of perfusion media are desirable to decrease operating costs and increase productivity. In this work, a quasi‐perfusion methodology using microwell plates (MWP) is used for media optimization to culture CHO‐S cells producing IgG1 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) known as trastuzumab, which have clinical applications treating HER2+ breast cancer. Results show blending glucose‐rich supplements and sodium butyrate with perfusion‐specific base media can lead to an 8‐fold increase in monoclonal antibody titre compared with traditional fed‐batch media. The original and optimized media were then scaled‐up to a custom made, mini bioreactor (MBR) running in perfusion mode. Two‐fold higher cell density is achieved in the MBR compared with the MWP, however, when normalizing for cell density, mAb productivity is comparable between the two methodologies. The combined MWP and 250 mL MBR methodology is an optimization tool that enables process development cost savings due to reduced volume of media utilization.