bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of the LEPS technique for Quantitative Precipitation Forecasting (QPF) in Southern Italy: a preliminary study
Authors: Federico S. , Avolio E. , Bellecci C. , Colacino M. , Walko R. L. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract. This paper reports preliminary results for a Limited area model Ensemble Prediction System (LEPS), based on RAMS (Regional Atmospheric Modelling System), for eight case studies of moderate-intense precipitation over Calabria, the southernmost tip of the Italian peninsula. LEPS aims to transfer the benefits of a probabilistic forecast from global to regional scales in countries where local orographic forcing is a key factor to force convection. To accomplish this task and to limit computational time in an operational implementation of LEPS, we perform a cluster analysis of ECMWF-EPS runs. Starting from the 51 members that form the ECMWF-EPS we generate five clusters. For each cluster a representative member is selected and used to provide initial and dynamic boundary conditions to RAMS, whose integrations generate LEPS. RAMS runs have 12-km horizontal resolution. To analyze the impact of enhanced horizontal resolution on quantitative precipitation forecasts, LEPS forecasts are compared to a full Brute Force (BF) ensemble. This ensemble is based on RAMS, has 36 km horizontal resolution and is generated by 51 members, nested in each ECMWF-EPS member. LEPS and BF results are compared subjectively and by objective scores. Subjective analysis is based on precipitation and probability maps of case studies whereas objective analysis is made by deterministic and probabilistic scores. Scores and maps are calculated by comparing ensemble precipitation forecasts against reports from the Calabria regional raingauge network. Results show that LEPS provided better rainfall predictions than BF for all case studies selected. This strongly suggests the importance of the enhanced horizontal resolution, compared to ensemble population, for Calabria for these cases. To further explore the impact of local physiographic features on QPF (Quantitative Precipitation Forecasting), LEPS results are also compared with a 6-km horizontal resolution deterministic forecast. Due to local and mesoscale forcing, the high resolution forecast (Hi-Res) has better performance compared to the ensemble mean for rainfall thresholds larger than 10mm but it tends to overestimate precipitation for lower amounts. This yields larger false alarms that have a detrimental effect on objective scores for lower thresholds. To exploit the advantages of a probabilistic forecast compared to a deterministic one, the relation between the ECMWF-EPS 700 hPa geopotential height spread and LEPS performance is analyzed. Results are promising even if additional studies are required.
Temporal properties of seismicity and largest earthquakes in SE Carpathians
Authors: Byrdina S. , Shebalin P. , Narteau C. , Le Mouël J. L. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract. In order to estimate the hazard rate distribution of the largest seismic events in Vrancea, South-Eastern Carpathians, we study temporal properties of historical and instrumental catalogues of seismicity. First, on the basis of Generalized Extreme Value theory we estimate the average return period of the largest events. Then, following Bak et al. (2002) and Corral (2005a), we study scaling properties of recurrence times between earthquakes in appropriate spatial volumes. We come to the conclusion that the seismicity is temporally clustered, and that the distribution of recurrence times is significantly different from a Poisson process even for times largely exceeding corresponding periods of foreshock and aftershock activity. Modeling the recurrence times by a gamma distributed variable, we finally estimate hazard rates with respect to the time elapsed from the last large earthquake.
Unstable periodic orbits and attractor of the barotropic ocean model
Authors: Kazantsev E. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract. A numerical method for detection of unstable periodic orbits on attractors of nonlinear models is proposed. The method requires similar techniques to data assimilation. This fact facilitates its implementation for geophysical models. This method was used to find numerically several low-period orbits for the barotropic ocean model in a square. Some numerical particularities of application of this method are discussed. Knowledge of periodic orbits of the model helps to explain some of these features like bimodality of probability density functions (PDF) of principal parameters. These PDFs have been reconstructed as weighted averages of periodic orbits with weights proportional to the period of the orbit and inversely proportional to the sum of positive Lyapunov exponents. The fraction of time spent in the vicinity of each periodic orbit has been compared with its instability characteristics. The relationship between these values shows the 93% correlation. The attractor dimension of the model has also been approximated as a weighted average of local attractor dimensions in vicinities of periodic orbits.
Laminae type and possible mechanisms for the formation of laminated sediments in the Shaban Deep, northern Red Sea
Authors: Seeberg-Elverfeldt I. A. , Lange C. B. , Pätzold J. , Kuhn G. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract. Laminated sediments in the Shaban Deep, a brine-filled basin in the northern Red Sea, were analyzed with backscattered electron imagery. Here we present possible mechanisms involved in the formation of laminae of various types and homogenous intervals arising from the detailed investigation of multicore GeoB 7805-1 (26°13.9' N and 35°22.6' E; water depth 1447 m) and gravity core GeoB 5836-2 (26°12.61' N, 35°21.56' E; water depth 1475 m). Sediment makeup includes six types: a) a laminated structure with alternating light (mainly coccoliths) and dark (diatom frustules) layers, where the diatom component is indicative of the intra-annual variability between stratification and mixing events; b) a pocket-like structure attributed to the sinking of particles within fecal pellets and aggregates; c) a matrix of tightly packed diatoms that relates to extended stratification/mixing periods of the water column; d) homogenous intervals that result from turbidity deposition; e) silt accumulations which origin may lie in agglutinated foraminifers; and f) pyrite layers with pyrite formation initiated at the seawater-brine interface.
Laminae type and possible mechanisms for the formation of laminated sediments in the Shaban Deep, northern Red Sea
Authors: Seeberg-Elverfeldt I. A. , Lange C. B. , Pätzold J. , Kuhn G. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract. Laminated sediments in the Shaban Deep, a brine-filled basin in the northern Red Sea, were analyzed with backscattered electron imagery. Here we present possible mechanisms involved in the formation of laminae of various types and homogenous intervals arising from the detailed investigation of multicore GeoB 7805-1 (26 13.9' N and 35 22.6' E; water depth 1447 m) and gravity core GeoB 5836-2 (26 12.61' N, 35 21.56' E; water depth 1475 m). Sediment makeup includes six types: a) a laminated structure with alternating light (mainly coccoliths) and dark (diatom frustules) layers, where the diatom component is indicative of the intra-annual variability between stratification and mixing events; b) a pocket-like structure attributed to the sinking of particles within fecal pellets and aggregates; c) a matrix of tightly packed diatoms that relates to extended stratification/mixing periods of the water column; d) homogenous intervals that result from turbidity deposition; e) silt accumulations which origin may lie in agglutinated foraminifers; and f) pyrite layers with pyrite formation initiated at the seawater-brine interface.
Integration of a relocatable ocean model in the Mediterranean Forecasting System
Authors: Russo A. , Coluccelli A. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract. The MFS (Mediterranean Forecasting System) project and its follower MFSTEP (Mediterranean ocean Forecasting System–Towards Environmental Prediction) are being covering the Mediterranean Sea with operational Ocean General Circulation Models (OGCMs) at horizontal resolution varying from about 12 km till 2005 to 6.5 km in 2006 (reaching 3 km with some regional models and 1.5 km for few shelf models). Heat, water and momentum fluxes through the air-sea interface are derived from the European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) output at 0.5° horizontal resolution. Such horizontal resolutions could be not able to provide the needed forecast accuracy in some cases (localized emergencies at sea, e.g. oil spill; need for high resolution current forecasts, e.g. offshore works). A solution to this problem is represented by relocatable models able to be rapidly deployed and to produce forecasts starting from the MFS products. The Harvard Ocean Prediction System (HOPS) has been chosen as base of the relocatable model and it has been interfaced with the MFSTEP OGCM and one regional model. The relocatable model has demonstrated capability to produce forecasts within 2-3 days in many cases, and more rapid implementation may be obtained.
Microencapsulation
Authors: Lamprecht Alf , Bodmeier Roland 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe article contains sections titled:1.Introduction2.Applications for Microencapsulation3.Materials4.Production4.1.Phase Separation4.2.Interfacial and in situ Polymerization4.3.Spray Drying, Spray Congealing4.4.Solvent Evaporation Processes4.5.Coating Processes4.6.Spinning Disk5.Other Forms of Microencapsulation6.Characterization of Microparticles7.Uses
Distillation, 1. Fundamentals
Authors: Stichlmair Johann 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDistillation (or rectification) is the most important technique for separating fluid mixtures into pure substances. Distillation is extensively used in chemical, petrochemical, pharmaceutical, and food industries. This article presents a concise description of the state of the art and of novel developments. Distillation, 1. Fundamentals deals with the basic principles of distillation processes, e.g., vapor liquid equilibrium and separation mechanisms in counter current columns. In the focus are binary as well as multi‐component systems. → Distillation, 2. Equipmentdeals with the equipment of industrial distillation plants. The design principles of tray columns and packed columns are explained, and typical operational data are given. The objective of → Distillation, 3. Processesis the conceptual design of complex distillation processes such as: batch distillation, azeotropic distillation, extractive distillation, and reactive distillation. Some examples of important industrial distillation processes are also presented, i.e., sea water desalination, air separation, crude oil raffination, and production of absolute alcohol.The article contains sections titled:1.Introduction2.Vapor–Liquid Equilibrium2.1.Ideal Systems2.2.Real Systems3.Distillation (Single‐Stage Distillation)3.1.Continuous Distillation3.2.Batch Distillation4.Rectification (Multi‐Stage Distillation)4.1.Binary Mixtures4.2.Ternary Mixtures4.3.Multi‐Component Mixtures4.4.Batch Distillation (Multi‐Stage)4.5.Reactive Distillation
Effect of ball milling on the hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose in hot‐compressed water
Authors: Yu Yun , Wu Hongwei 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBall milling leads to a considerable reduction in cellulose particle size and crystallinity, as well as a significant increase in the specific reactivity of cellulose during hydrolysis in hot‐compressed water (HCW). Cryogenic ball milling for 2 min also results in a significant size reduction but only little change in cellulose crystallinity and specific reactivity during hydrolysis. Therefore, crystallinity is the dominant factor in determining the hydrolysis reactivity of cellulose in HCW while particle size only plays a minor role. Ball milling also significantly influences the distribution of glucose oligomers in the primary liquid products of cellulose hydrolysis. It increases the selectivities of glucose oligomers at low conversions. At high conversions, the reduction in chain length plays an important role in glucose oligomer formation as cellulose samples become more crystalline. An extensive ball milling completely converts the crystalline cellulose into amorphous cellulose, substantially enhancing the formation of glucose oligomers with high degrees of polymerization. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Pilot assessment of a radiologic classification system for segmentation defects of the vertebrae
Authors: Offiah Amaka , Alman Benjamin , Cornier Alberto S. , Giampietro Philip F. , Tassy Olivier , Wade Angie , Turnpenny Peter D. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractExisting nomenclature systems for describing and reporting congenital segmentation defects of the vertebrae (SDV) are confusing, inconsistently applied, and lack molecular genetic advances. Our aim was to develop and assess a new classification system for SDV. A multidisciplinary group of the International Consortium for Vertebral Anomalies and Scoliosis (ICVAS) developed a new classification system for SDV, and 5 members group (Group 1) independently classified 10 previously unseen cases using this system. Inter‐observer reliability was assessed using kappa, which compares observed agreement with that expected by chance. Seven independent general radiologists unaffiliated with the ICVAS (Group 2) classified the same 10 cases (total, 70 scores) before and after the ICVAS system was explained. We demonstrated the following: Inter‐observer reliability for Group 1 yielded a kappa value of 0.21 (95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.052, 0.366, P = 0.0046); A consensus diagnosis was established for the 10 cases. For Group 2, before the ICVAS system was explained, 1 of 70 scores (1.4%) agreed with the Group 1 consensus diagnoses; Group 2 offered 12 different diagnoses, but 38 of 70 (54.3%) responses were “Don't Know.” After the ICVAS system was explained, 47 of 70 responses (67.1%; 95% CI 55.5, 77.0) agreed with the Group 1 consensus, an improvement of 65.7% (95% CI 52.5, 75.6, P < 0.00005), with no “Don't Know” responses. Group 2 average reporting times, before and after explanation of the ICVAS system, were 148 and 48 min, respectively. We conclude that the ICVAS radiological classification system was found to be reliable and applicable for 10 SDV phenotypes. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diet and mobility in Early Medieval Bavaria: A study of carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes
Authors: Hakenbeck Susanne , McManus Ellen , Geisler Hans , Grupe Gisela , O'Connell Tamsin 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis study investigates patterns of mobility in Early Medieval Bavaria through a combined study of diet and associated burial practice. Carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios were analyzed in human bone samples from the Late Roman cemetery of Klettham and from the Early Medieval cemeteries of Altenerding and Straubing‐Bajuwarenstrasse. For dietary comparison, samples of faunal bone from one Late Roman and three Early Medieval settlement sites were also analyzed. The results indicate that the average diet was in keeping with a landlocked environment and fairly limited availability of freshwater or marine resources. The diet appears not to have changed significantly from the Late Roman to the Early Medieval period. However, in the population of Altenerding, there were significant differences in the diet of men and women, supporting a hypothesis of greater mobility among women. Furthermore, the isotopic evidence from dietary outliers is supported by “foreign” grave goods and practices, such as artificial skull modification. These results reveal the potential of carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis for questions regarding migration and mobility. Am J Phys Anthropol 143:235–249, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Brief communication: A probabilistic approach to age estimation from infracranial sequences of maturation
Authors: Coqueugniot Hélène , Weaver Timothy D. , Houët Francis 
Published: April 2010

AbstractInfracranial sequences of maturation are commonly used to estimate the age at death of nonadult specimens found in archaeological, paleoanthropological, or forensic contexts. Typically, an age assessment is made by comparing the degree of long‐bone epiphyseal fusion in the target specimen to the age ranges for different stages of fusion in a reference skeletal collection. While useful as a first approximation, this approach has a number of shortcomings, including the potential for “age mimicry,” being highly dependent on the sample size of the reference sample and outliers, not using the entire fusion distribution, and lacking a straightforward quantitative way of combining age estimates from multiple sites of fusion. Here we present an alternative probabilistic approach based on data collected on 137 individuals, ranging in age from 7‐ to 29‐years old, from a documented skeletal collection from Coimbra, Portugal. We then use cross validation to evaluate the accuracy of age estimation from epiphyseal fusion. While point estimates of age can, at least in some circumstances, be both accurate and precise based on the entire skeleton, or many sites of fusion, there will often be substantial error in these estimates when they derive from one or only a few sites. Because a probabilistic approach to age estimation from epiphyseal fusion is computationally intensive, we make available a series of spreadsheets or computer programs that implement the approach presented here. Am J Phys Anthropol 142:655–664, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Applying semantic networks to hypertext design: Effects on knowledge structure acquisition and problem solving
Authors: Khalifa Mohamed , Shen Kathy Ning 
Published: April 2010

AbstractOne of the key objectives of knowledge management is to transfer knowledge quickly and efficiently from experts to novices, who are different in terms of the structural properties of domain knowledge or knowledge structure. This study applies experts' semantic networks to hypertext navigation design and examines the potential of the resulting design, i.e., semantic hypertext, in facilitating knowledge structure acquisition and problem solving. Moreover, we argue that the level of sophistication of the knowledge structure acquired by learners is an important mediator influencing the learning outcomes (in this case, problem solving). The research model was empirically tested with a situated experiment involving 80 business professionals. The results of the empirical study provided strong support for the effectiveness of semantic hypertext in transferring knowledge structure and reported a significant full mediating effect of knowledge structure sophistication. Both theoretical and practical implications of this research are discussed.
Strategic investment decisions under fast mean‐reversion stochastic volatility
Authors: Souza Max O. , Zubelli Jorge P. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe are concerned with investment decisions when the spanning asset that correlates with the investment value undergoes a stochastic volatility dynamics. The project value in this case corresponds to the value of an American call with dividends, which can be priced by solving a generalized Black–Scholes free‐boundary value problem. Following ideas of Fouque et al. under the hypothesis of fast mean‐reversion, we obtain the formal asymptotic expansion of the project value and compute the adjustment of the price due to the stochastic volatility. We show that the presence of the stochastic volatility can alter the optimal time investment curve in a significative way, which in turn implies that caution should be taken with the assumption of constant volatility prevalent in many real option models. Additionally, we also present analytical results for the perpetual case. We also indicate how to calibrate to market data the model in the asymptotic regime. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
M‐N‐Interaktionsdiagramme für stahlfaserverstärkte Stahlbetonquerschnitte – Anwendung am Beispiel von Tübbingen
Authors: Gödde Lars , Strack Mathias , Mark Peter 
Published: April 2010

AbstractStahlfaserbeton findet häufig Verwendung bei Bauteilen mit kombinierter Biege‐Normalkraftbeanspruchung, wie beispielsweise bei wasserundurchlässigen Wannenkonstruktionen oder bei Tübbingen im maschinellen Tunnelbau. Dabei können bei Zugbeanspruchungen – beispielsweise aus Zwang – durch die Stahlfasern aufgrund feinerer Rissverteilung und somit reduzierter Rissbreite Vorteile im Hinblick auf die Dauerhaftigkeit entstehen. Für die Tragfähigkeit erweist sich eine andauernde, moderate Druckbeanspruchung – oft auch in Kombination mit zusätzlicher Betonstahlbewehrung – als günstig, da somit die Forderung eines duktilen Bauteilverhaltens nach Rissbildung bereits auf Querschnittsebene erfüllt werden kann. Zur einfachen rechnerischen Erfassung der Beanspruchbarkeit von Bauteilen aus Stahlfaserbeton mit oder ohne zusätzliche Betonstahlbewehrung unter Biegung mit Normalkraft werden im Folgenden die klassischen M‐NInteraktionsdiagramme für Stahlbeton um die Wirkung der Stahlfasern erweitert. Untersuchungen zur Effizienz der Faserwirkung und ein Anwendungsbeispiel schließen den Beitrag ab.
Recombinant human cytochrome P450 monooxygenases for drug metabolite synthesis
Authors: Schroer Kirsten , Kittelmann Matthias , Lütz Stephan 
Published: April 2010

AbstractCytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs) are important enzymes in the metabolism of xenobiotics. Therefore, several approaches to clone and overexpress the human isoforms have been made. In addition to microsomes or S9 preparations, these recombinant human isoforms have found diverse application in drug development. We discuss and give examples of the use of bacterial whole cell systems with rec. human CYPs for the preparative scale synthesis of drug metabolites. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;106: 699–706. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of inducible co‐overexpression of protein disulfide isomerase and endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductase on the specific antibody productivity of recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cells
Authors: Mohan Chaya , Lee Gyun Min 
Published: April 2010

AbstractTo enhance specific antibody (Ab) productivity (qAb) of recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (rCHO) cells, post‐translational limitations in the endoplasmic reticulum during antibody production should be relieved. Previously, we reported that overexpression of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), which catalyzes disulfide bond exchanges and assists in protein folding of newly synthesized proteins, enhanced qAb of rCHO cells by about 27% (Mohan et al., 2007, Biotechnol Bioeng 98:611–615) . Since the rate limiting step in disulfide bond formation is found to be the regeneration of oxidized PDI, the oxidation state of PDI, as well as the amount of PDI, might be important. Endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductase (ERO1L) maintains PDI in an oxidized state so that disulfide bond formation occurs. Here, PDI and its helper protein, ERO1L were overexpressed in rCHO cells producing an Ab in an attempt to ease the bottleneck in disulfide bond formation, and hence, Ab folding and secretion. Transient expression of ERO1L alone and with PDI resulted in enhanced qAb by 37% and 55%, respectively. In contrast, under stable inducible co‐overexpression of PDI and ERO1L, the qAb was unaffected or negatively affected by varying degrees, depending on the individual expression levels of these genes. In stable clones with altered oxidation state of PDI due to co‐overexpression of PDI and ERO1L, secretion of Ab was hindered and PDI‐associated retention of Ab was seen in the cells. Under transient gene expression, secretion of Ab was not compromised. The data presented here suggests a possible mechanism of PDI/ERO1L interaction with the target Ab and shows how the expression levels of these proteins could affect the qAb of this Ab‐producing rCHO cell line. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;107: 337–346. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.