bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accelerometer‐informed GPS telemetry: Reducing the trade‐off between resolution and longevity
Authors: Brown Danielle D. , LaPoint Scott , Kays Roland , Heidrich Wolfgang , Kümmeth Franz , Wikelski Martin 
Published: February 2012

AbstractTracking animal movement using Global Positioning System (GPS) technology is an increasingly popular method for studying animal ecology, behavior, and conservation. To date, most GPS location schedules have been set at regular intervals. If intervals are too long, they undersample the details of movement paths, and if too short, they oversample resting sites and deplete the unit's battery without providing new information. We address this problem by creating a dynamic GPS schedule that is linked to the activity level of the animal via an accelerometer onboard the tracking tag. We deployed traditional and accelerometer‐informed GPS tags on northern tamanduas anteater (Tamandua mexicana) in tropical forest in the Republic of Panama (2009–2010), and on fisher (Martes pennanti) in temperate forest in New York, USA (2009–2011). These species are medium‐sized forest‐dwellers that frequently use tree cavities, ground burrows, and thick vegetation for resting and foraging, all traits that make them particularly challenging for GPS tracking. The accelerometer‐informed tags performed better than the traditional GPS tags: they attempted 73.6% more locations per day, achieved 61.7% higher location success rates, spent 28.2% less time searching for satellites, made 67.4% fewer redundant location attempts in places where animals were inactive, and ultimately provided more data for a given battery size. The resulting tracks of animal movement had high temporal resolution, revealing aspects of their behavior and ecology that would have been missed by traditional tags, especially for the fast‐moving fisher. By dynamically linking the location schedule to animal movement rate, accelerometer‐informed GPS tags reduce the trade‐off between collecting detailed movement data and recording movement data for a longer period of time. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Movement and habitat use of feral swine near domestic swine facilities
Authors: Wyckoff A. Christy , Henke Scott E. , Campbell Tyler A. , Hewitt David G. , VerCauteren Kurt C. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractFeral swine (Sus scrofa), a successful invasive species in the United States, have established growing populations in 38 states and are a reservoir of diseases important to domestic swine. An understanding of habitat use and movements is important for the prevention of disease transmission between feral and domestic swine. To assess risk posed to neighboring domestic swine facilities in East and South Texas, we determined habitat use and movement patterns of feral swine within 10 miles of domestic swine facilities, identified similarities in habitat preferences and vegetation types directly surrounding facilities, assessed effects of wet and dry conditions on general habitat use, and determined whether landscape features such as corridors or boundaries influenced movements across utilized habitats. Kernel area values (95% isopleths) for wet and dry periods were different (F2,16 = 6.38, P = 0.005) between East and South Texas. Feral swine preferred habitat characteristics commonly found surrounding domestic swine facilities. Feral swine also demonstrated disproportionate use of specific vegetation types as compared to availability during both wet and dry periods. Additionally, the presence of paved, 2‐lane roads influenced movements of feral swine. The new knowledge of habitat use and landscape movements we present can be used for more efficient application of targeted management and eradication strategies near domestic swine facilities, particularly in emergency situations such as disease outbreaks. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
A novel thermostable xylanase of Paenibacillus macerans IIPSP3 isolated from the termite gut
Authors: Dheeran Pratibha , Nandhagopal N , Kumar Sachin , Jaiswal Yogesh K , Adhikari Dilip K 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Xylanase is an enzyme in high demand for various industrial applications, such as those in the biofuel and pulp and paper fields. In this study, xylanase-producing microbes were isolated from the gut of the wood-feeding termite at 50°C. The isolated microbe produced thermostable xylanase that was active over a broad range of temperatures (40–90°C) and pH (3.5–9.5), with optimum activity (4,170 ± 23.5 U mg−1) at 60°C and pH 4.5. The enzyme was purified using a strong cation exchanger and gel filtration chromatography, revealing that the protein has a molecular mass of 205 kDa and calculated pI of 5.38. The half-life of xylanase was 6 h at 60°C and 2 h at 90°C. The isolated thermostable xylanase differed from other xylanases reported to date in terms of size, structure, and mode of action. The novelty of this enzyme lies in its high specific activity and stability at broad ranges of temperature and pH. These properties suggest that this enzyme could be utilized in bioethanol production as well as in the paper and pulp industry.
Development and Validation of an HPLC–DAD Method for Analysis of the Six Major Isoflavones in Extracts from Soybean Processing
Authors: Gasparetto J. C. , Smolarek F. S. F. , de Francisco T. M. G. , Miranda L. C. , Pontarolo R. , Siqueira P. F. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIn this study, a new HPLC method was developed and validated for the determination of daidzin, genistin, glycitin, and their respective aglycones daidzein, genistein and glycitein in extracts from different stages of soy processing. The chromatographic separation was achieved using a Bonus RP 100 × 3.0 mm (3.5‐μm particle size) column maintained at 35 °C. The mobile phase consisted of a gradient of water and acetonitrile both containing 0.1% formic acid. Analyses were conducted at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min−1 and the detector was set at 254 nm. Validation parameters indicated that the method has high selectivity and is linear over a range of 1.5–150 µg mL−1 for all compounds. The range of recovery was 95–102% with a RSD% <5% for intra‐day and inter‐day precision. The robustness study indicated that the flow rate was the only critical factor. The new HPLC–DAD method was successfully applied to real samples and excellent separation was achieved without the need of any sample pretreatment.
Prevalence of human papillomavirus genotypes in women with cervical cancer in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Tabone Tania , Garland Suzanne M. , Mola Glen , O'Connor Miriam , Danielewski Jennifer , Tabrizi Sepehr N. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjectiveProphylactic human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines are currently not available in Papua New Guinea. Prior to introducing these vaccines, knowledge about the HPV genotypes present in cervical cancer in this region is necessary to determine whether the types covered by the 2 commercially licensed vaccines are the same as those in other regions of the world.MethodsFresh, frozen cervical biopsies from 70 women with cervical cancer in Papua New Guinea were collected over a 3‐year period from 2006–2009. HPV genotypes were detected using the Genera PapType assay.ResultsOverall, 100% of the specimens were HPV DNA positive, with HPV types 16 and 18 being the most prevalent at 57.1% and 25.7% (95% CI, 0.45–0.68 and 0.17–0.37) respectively, followed by HPV 33 (10%; 95% CI, 0.05–0.19) and HPV 31 (4.3%; 95% CI, 0.01–0.12). Multiple genotypes were identified in 6 women (8.6%), with all biopsies containing HPV 16 and 1 other high‐risk type.ConclusionThe 2 most prevalent HPV types identified in women with cervical cancer in Papua New Guinea correspond to global data. This suggests that the currently available HPV vaccines could potentially reduce the burden of HPV‐related cervical cancer in Papua New Guinea significantly.
Nutritional hepatic iron overload is not prevented by parenteral hepcidin substitution therapy in mice
Authors: Sillerova Tereza , Zivny Jan , Vyoral Daniel , Petrak Jiri 
Published: February 2012

The peptide hormone hepcidin functions as a negative regulator of intestinal Fe absorption and Fe recycling. Since its discovery as a systemic negative regulator of Fe metabolism, hepcidin has attracted enormous interest as a potential drug for the treatment and/or prevention of several forms of Fe overload. We therefore tested whether multiple doses of intraperitoneally administered synthetic renatured hepcidin can prevent hepatic Fe loading in mice concurrently fed an Fe-rich diet, and whether the same treatment affects hepatic Fe stores in mice fed a normal diet. Cohorts of male mice were fed either a normal defined diet (180 parts per million Fe) or an Fe-rich diet (the same diet supplemented with 2 % carbonyl iron for 2 weeks). Concurrently, half of the animals in each diet group received 100 μg of renatured hepcidin intraperitoneally every 12 h, for the same 2-week period. The second half of the animals received PBS only. The renatured synthetic hepcidin demonstrated biological activity by significantly decreasing transferrin saturation, which lasted for up to 24 h after a single hepcidin dose. However, the 14 d intraperitoneal hepcidin therapy did not prevent hepatic Fe overload in mice fed the Fe-rich diet, nor did it affect hepatic Fe stores in mice fed the normal diet. Both hepcidin agonists and antagonists are expected to have broad therapeutic potential. The absence of an effect of biologically active hepcidin on hepatic Fe loading shows the need for thorough future studies on the hepcidin regulation of Fe absorption and tissue distribution.
A FRENCH ARMADA? THE AZORES CAMPAIGNS, 1580–1583
Authors: JAMES ALAN 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTThe Spanish Armada and the battle of Lepanto loom large in a remarkable period of international history shaped to a considerable extent by the deployment of sea power. Yet between 1581 and 1583, France also conducted a large-scale naval operation at great distance. A series of expeditions to the Azores reached a climax with the defeat in battle of a French fleet of sixty ships off the island of São Miguel in July 1582. Acting under the authority of Catherine de Medici and in the name of her rival legal claim to the Portuguese throne, the commander Philippe Strozzi had not only led the most ambitious oceanic operation in French history up to that date and a bid to extend France's overseas empire but a serious challenge to Philip II's union of the Iberian crowns. Yet this was more than just a puzzling anomaly in France's foreign policy. It was also an act of royal authority and the pursuit of reputation and status by the queen mother that was entirely consistent with the domestic priorities of the crown in the context of the Wars of Religion.
RELUCTANT REVOLUTIONARIES: MODERATE LIBERALISM IN THE KINGDOM OF SARDINIA, 1849–1859
Authors: ROMANI ROBERTO 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTIn the 1850s, the Piedmontese ‘moderate’ liberals created a peculiar political culture, suited to the twofold task of strengthening representative institutions at home and justifying Piedmont's Italian mission. Inspired by both the whig tradition and the French Doctrinaires, the moderates elaborated arguments advocating elite government and countering democracy. Gioberti, Balbo, Carutti, Mamiani, and Boncompagni shared five theses: (1) natural (and/or divine) laws are both the ultimate source of right and wrong in politics and the guarantee of gradual progress; (2) only the citizens who understand the natural order should rule; (3) ‘democracy’, that is popular sovereignty and universal suffrage, is inherently wrong; (4) granted that citizens' attitudes play an important role in politics, certain virtues are required by representative government; and (5) moderatism was imbued with Burkeanism, meaning that it endorsed a realistic, prudent approach to politics, that much was made of Italian and especially Piedmontese history and traditions, and that mere constitutional machinery was to be disdained. This political culture led the moderates to portray everybody who was either on the right or the left of their camp, both in Piedmont and Italy, as a ‘sectarian’ and hence a dangerous revolutionary.
FINANCIAL SPECULATION, POLITICAL RISKS, AND LEGAL COMPLICATIONS: BRITISH COMMERCIAL DIPLOMACY IN THE BALKANS, c. 1906–1914
Authors: SUONPÄÄ MIKA 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTBefore 1914, a more intimate relationship started to develop between overseas commercial activity and foreign policy. This occurred as a consequence of the politicization of international business relations that came about when other great powers began increasingly to challenge Britain's global commercial, political, and imperial supremacy. Britain had traditionally followed alaissez-faireline when it came to supporting or protecting British overseas business enterprise. In the mid-1880s, Britain was compelled to review its policy. After this, the British government was prepared to offer limited assistance to British firms, but this often took place only in regions which were significant in terms of overall policy interest, including Turkey, Iran, and China. This article examines British commercial diplomacy in the Balkans, a region which has not received much attention from historians in this framework. British commercial diplomacy there followed the general line of limited intervention and support was offered mostly on legal grounds. Local political troubles and great power politics also played a role in diplomatic decision-making as did negative cultural perceptions, but to a considerably lesser degree. In most cases, the British government refrained from supporting British business enterprise in the Balkans on account of fears about financial speculation.
AN UNKNOWN POLICY PROPOSAL BY THOMAS HOBBES
Authors: MALCOLM NOEL 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTAn undated document survives, in Thomas Hobbes's hand, urging the royalist side in the Civil War to win over Robert Rich, the second earl of Warwick (the parliamentarian naval commander). By this means, Hobbes argued, not only would the royalists win the war, but also England would be defended against a Swedish invasion, which he expected to accompany or follow the Scottish invasion of the country. This communication presents the text of the document and gives reasons for dating it not to 1648 (when an attempt to win over Warwick was in fact made) but to late 1643 or early 1644. It also discusses the basis of Hobbes's concern with Scottish–Swedish relations, and his misinterpretation of Swedish policy. It comments on his estimate of Warwick's character, in the light of his earlier connections with him; and it briefly discusses both Hobbes's assumption in this document of the role of a counsellor to the king, and the interpretation of the nature of the Civil War that the document implies.
Multidimensional instability of dust ion-acoustic solitary waves in a magnetized dusty electronegative plasma
Authors: DUHA S. S. , RAHMAN M. S. , MAMUN A. A. , ANOWAR M. G. M. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBasic features of obliquely propagating dust ion-acoustic (DIA) solitary waves, and their multidimensional instability in a magnetized dusty electronegative plasma (DENP) containing Boltzmann electrons, Boltzmann negative ions, adiabatic mobile positive ions, and negatively charged stationary dust have been theoretically investigated by reductive perturbation method and small-k perturbation expansion technique. The combined effects of ion adiabaticity, external magnetic field (obliqueness), and negatively charged dust, which are found to significantly modify the basic properties (speed, amplitude, width, and instability) of small but finite-amplitude DIA solitary waves, are explicitly examined. It is also found that the instability criterion and the growth rate of unstable perturbation are significantly modified by the external magnetic field, the propagation directions of both the nonlinear waves, and their perturbation modes. The implications of our results in space and laboratory dusty plasmas are briefly discussed.
‘Enough of the Great Napoleons!’ Raja Mahendra Pratap's Pan-Asian projects (1929–1939)
Authors: STOLTE CAROLIEN 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThis paper traces a set of interlinked Asianist networks through the activities of Mahendra Pratap, an Indian revolutionary exile who spent the majority of his life at various key anti-imperialist sites in Asia. Pratap envisioned a unified Asia free from colonial powers, but should be regarded as an anti-imperialist first and a nationalist second—he was convinced that India's independence would materialize naturally as a by-product of a federated Asia. Through forging strategic alliances in places as diverse as Moscow, Kabul, and Tokyo, he sought to achieve his goal of a united ‘Pan-Asia’. In his view, Pan-Asia would be the first step towards a world federation, in which all the continents would become provinces in a new world order. His thought was an intricate patchwork of internationalist ideas circulating in the opening decades of the twentieth century, and his travels and political activities are viewed in this context. Pratap's exploration of the relationship between the local, the regional, and the global, from an Asian perspective, was one of many ways in which Asian elites and non-elites challenged the legitimacy of the political order in the interwar years.
On morphological relatedness
Authors: KHORSI AHMED 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIn this paper, we discuss the results of a new unsupervised and computationally lightweight scoring of how two words are morphologically related to each other. This measure is meant to be an alternative to stemming, radicals (root) extraction, and morphological analysis in a wide range of applications; especially information extraction related ones. Compared to light stemming, which seems to be the most convenient approach for systems with efficiency concerns, our measure does not neglect unconditionally a prefix or a suffix as the light stemming does. Instead, our measure takes into account all letters of the word but with different weights. This prevents the missing of a significant letter. Compared to heavy stemming, morphological analysis, or radicals extraction, which rely on dictionaries and compatibility databases, our measure does not rely on any language-specific morphology knowledge. This makes our approach unsupervised and theoretically language independent and computationally much lighter. Our tests targeted Arabic: a Semitic language recognized to have a complex morphology due to its highly inflectional lexicon.
Folate status and health behaviours in two Australian Indigenous populations in north Queensland
Authors: Li Ming , McDermott Robyn , D'Onise Katina , Leonard Dympna 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo assess nutritional status using red-cell folate (RCF) and associated health behaviours including fruit and vegetable intake, smoking, drinking and physical activity in two Indigenous populations living in remote northern Australia.DesignA cross-sectional survey conducted during 1998–2000.SettingTwenty-six rural communities in north Queensland, Australia.SubjectsA total of 2524 Indigenous people aged 15 years and over was included in the study. Self-reported fruit and vegetable intake, tobacco smoking, alcohol intake and physical activity were recorded. RCF was measured using the Bayer Advia Centaur automated immunoassay system. The association between low RCF (RCF<295 nmol/l) and risk factors was analysed using general linear models adjusted for demographic factors and covariates, namely BMI, diabetes and dyslipidaemia.ResultsThe prevalence of RCF deficiency was higher in Aboriginal participants compared with Torres Strait Islanders (25·6 %v. 14·8 %,P< 0·001). Young women of childbearing age were more likely to have low RCF. Among Aboriginal adults, smoking was strongly associated with low RCF (risk ratio = 1·9, 95 % CI 1·5, 2·5 in females and risk ratio = 2·9, 95 % CI 1·9, 4·2 in males).ConclusionsIndigenous Australians, especially women of childbearing age, had high prevalence of low RCF. Smoking was associated with insufficient folate independent of fruit and vegetable intake and alcohol consumption in the Aboriginal population. This population with an already higher risk of obesity and higher rate of tobacco smoking should be targeted to improve nutrition status to prevent ill health such as diabetes and CVD.
Development and evaluation of a photographic atlas as a tool for dietary assessment studies in Middle East cultures
Authors: Tueni Maya , Mounayar Afifee , Birlouez-Aragon Ines 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the errors between estimates of amounts based on photographs and actual quantities of food presented to adults or eaten on the previous day.DesignA photographic atlas was constructed by taking digital photographs of three pre-weighed portion sizes of 212 traditional Lebanese dishes. In a first approach, ten portions of real pre-weighed foods were assessed using the photographic atlas. In a second approach, the participants weighed all foods consumed at one meal and recalled the amount of food that was eaten the previous day using the photographic atlas. Differences between actual quantities and estimation were assessed using a signed rank test (P< 0·05). Spearman's correlation coefficients and bias (Bland–Altman plot) between the methods were calculated.SettingLebanese university canteen and Lebanese homes.SubjectsForty adults (twenty males, twenty females) completed the first protocol and fifty adults (twenty-five males, twenty-five females) completed the second protocol; all were volunteers aged 21 to 62 years.ResultsMean differences between actual and estimated portion sizes by photographs were between −13·1 % and +24·5 % when pre-weighed foods were presented, and between −10·4 % and +3·8 % when foods were consumed the day before. No significant differences were found between actual and estimated portion sizes except for three dishes (loubieh bil zeit,tabboulehandyachnet bazella). Bland–Altman plots showed good agreement for all dishes with a negligible bias of −0·2 g between estimated and presented portions, and −6·3 g between estimated and eaten portions.ConclusionsIn the Lebanese diet, food photographs seem a reliable tool for quantification of food portion sizes.
Adult survivors' of childhood sexual abuse perspectives of services: A systematic review
Authors: Chouliara Zoë , Karatzias Thanos , Scott-Brien Georgia , Macdonald Anne , MacArthur Juliet , Frazer Norman 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAims: This review summarises and evaluates evidence regarding psychotherapy/counselling services for childhood sexual abuse (CSA) from the survivors' perspective. Methods: Studies were identified from systematic literature searches of PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Collection. Selected studies were published in English after 1980. Results: Nine studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. Survivors identified a range of experiences of services. Positive experiences focused mainly on the therapeutic relationship, and the importance of awareness about issues specific to survivors. Negative experiences included taking a sexual interest in clients, dealing ineffectively with errors, being unresponsive, and prescription of heavy medications. Conclusions: There is a lack of research in this area, especially in the UK. Findings were limited due to selection bias, inconsistencies in recruitment and procedure, ill‐described samples and analysis. Future research should obtain survivors' perspectives across genders, sexual orientation and ethnic background, and focus more on survivors' negative experiences.